bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of V‐MCM‐41 Catalysts and Their Application in CO2‐Assisted Isobutane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Wang Xiaosheng , Ji Kehong , Zhou Guanglin , Li Qin , Zhou Hongjun , Xu Chunming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA series of V‐MCM‐41 were in situ synthesized. The textual properties and vanadium species were systematically characterized. The results showed that the catalysts could still maintain a mesoporous structure and high specific surface area. The vanadium species were highly dispersed on the surface, with the coexistence of polymeric vanadium species. Isobutane dehydrogenation was performed by employing CO2 as a soft oxidant. The results revealed an almost linear relationship between the activity and surface vanadium sites. Isolated vanadium species were more active for isobutane dehydrogenation. The isobutane dehydrogenation reaction in the presence of CO2 could proceed simultaneously through oxidative dehydrogenation and non‐oxidative dehydrogenation followed by the reverse water gas shift reaction.
Pore plugging synthesis and characterization of silicalite‐1 membranes using tubular TiO2 supports: Effect of support pore size on membrane performance
Authors: Kennedy Dean A. , Carter David , Wilson Sean , Kruczek Boguslaw , Tezel F. Handan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study, we present a detailed synthesis procedure and characterization of porous inorganic silicalite‐1 membranes. The membranes were synthesized in‐situ using a pore plugging method with the inclusion of a 12 h thermal break promoting secondary growth within the active layer pores of the tubular TiO2 supports. The effect of the support pore size on membrane performance was examined with pore sizes ranging from 0.3 μm to 1.4 μm. Characterization using SEM and EDS analysis confirm the penetration and formation of silicalite‐1 crystals within porous supports up to a depth of 10–12 µm for all membranes. With the exception of the membranes synthesized on the support with 1.4 μm pore size, all membranes were more permeable to probe gas N2 compared to He. The highest ideal N2/He selectivity of 2.3 ± 0.5 was observed for the membranes synthesized on supports with 0.8 μm pore size. Single gas permeance for the membranes was high, ranging between 3.7 × 10−7 and 1.3 × 10−5 mol/m2sPa, and was independent of gas kinematic diameter with the order of permeation being CH4 > CO2 > N2 > He. Binary equimolar CO2/N2 separation experiments show better membrane CO2/N2 permselectivity compared to the ideal selectivity calculated from the single gas experiments. Comparing the observed membrane gas diffusivity and the adsorbate gas uptake rate within the zeolite material alone shows that these favourable selective properties are the result of adsorption surface diffusion and that Knudsen diffusion is minimized.
Current status of tubbing research – Insight into the research activities at the Chair of Subsurface Engineering
Authors: Gehwolf Paul , Wenighofer Robert , Galler Robert 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFor the verification of the load bearing and deformation behavior of segmental lining under exactly known conditions a test rig was designed and built in cooperation between the Montanuniversity of Leoben – Chair of Subsurface Engineering and the Austrian Federal Railway. On the basis of tests performed with steel‐reinforced precast elements, first statements can be made in relation to the load bearing and deformation behaviour of the tested segments. Furthermore, a camera‐based system for crack detection is presented. A finite‐element model has also been set‐up and this model has been validated using the test data.
From the Lavanttal into the Jauntal – Project implementation and first experience of design and build 4.0
Authors: Zwittnig Gerald 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn addition to the Koralm Tunnel, the station at Lavanttal, the Granitztal tunnel chain and the Jauntal bridge are key structures on the Koralmbahn line in Austria. The station at Lavanttal has many functions to fulfil. Passenger demands for this important high‐speed rail station have to be fulfilled as well as the maintenance requirements. This is also the emphasis of the currently running design optimisation for the adjoining Granitztal tunnel chain. In addition to a current status report, the article reports on the first experience gained on this project with the implementation of Building Information Modelling, a working method for the production of a holistic digital model of the building or facilities.
The Fröschnitzgraben contract – Challenges in shaft sinking, construction logistics and landfill
Authors: Nipitsch Gernot , Pacher Wolfgang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractContract SBT2.1 Tunnel Fröschnitzgraben is the central and longest construction section of the Semmering Base Tunnel, including 13 km of tunnelling from the intermediate access in Fröschnitzgraben towards Gloggnitz and Mürzzuschlag. The approx. 4 km long section towards Mürzzuschlag is being excavated by drill and blast, and the 9 km section towards Gloggnitz is being driven by two tunnel boring machines. Before the start of the actual construction of the running tunnels, the two shafts about 400 m deep had to be sunk using an innovative concept. Considerable changes are also noticeable above ground: the filling level of the landfill site in Longsgraben is rising constantly.
Delegating Informed Consent
Authors: Koch Valerie Gutmann 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTen years ago, Megan Shinal sought the care of neurosurgeon Steven Toms for the surgical treatment of a recurrent nonmalignant tumor in the pituitary region of her brain. In their twenty‐minute meeting, Shinal did not make a final decision about which surgical approach she wished to pursue. Subsequently, she spoke with Tom's physician assistant once by phone and once in person, when she signed the consent form, which did not appear to designate which surgical approach she had chosen. During the operation—a total resection—Toms perforated Shinal's carotid artery, resulting in hemorrhage, stroke, brain injury, and partial blindness. The jury found that Toms had fulfilled his informed‐consent obligations prior to performing the resection; however, in June 2017, the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania overturned the decision, relying on the Pennsylvania Medical Care Availability and Reduction of Error Act. The court found that the language of the act is unambiguous in its requirement that “a physician's duty to provide information to a patient sufficient to obtain her informed consent is non‐delegable.” Presumably, this rule of nondelegation applies beyond the surgical theater to other major treatment decisions. And it is unclear whether it applies to other professionals in a subordinate position to the treating physician, such as residents and fellows.
Ending DACA Has Pragmatic and Ethical Implications for U.S. Health Care
Authors: Zaidi Danish , Kuczewski Mark 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn 2012, Loyola University Chicago's Stritch School of Medicine became the first medical school in the United States to actively recruit and accept undocumented immigrants who received protections granted under the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals program that was established by presidential memorandum. By 2016, sixty‐one medical schools were considering applications from DACA recipients for admission, and more than 110 students applied. According to the Association of American Medical Colleges, sixty‐five DACA recipients matriculated in U.S. medical schools in the 2016–2017 school year. These students contribute both diversity and talent to our medical community; they could also have a significant impact on the care of underserved and immigrant populations. The recent decision by the Trump administration to rescind DACA therefore comes with serious pragmatic and ethical ramifications, impeding our medical community's efforts to develop a diverse and representative workforce committed to improving access to quality care for all patients.
Parenting in the Age of Preimplantation Gene Editing
Authors: Klipstein Sigal 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMedical science at its core aims to preserve health and eliminate disease, but a common theme in scientific discovery is the application of findings in ways that were not the primary intent. The development of diagnostic modalities to predict the health of resulting children has been a fundamental aim underpinning research into prenatal and preimplantation diagnostic modalities; however, the knowledge gained has in some cases been utilized for nonmedical purposes. As an example, amniocentesis developed to determine whether the pregnancy is chromosomally normal also provides information about the sex of the fetus, which normally does not affect health. The emerging gene‐editing technologies that could be used to repair mutated disease‐causing genes in an embryo will presumably also be able to be used to alter traits unrelated to disease. And yet, I will argue, the desire to preserve the mystery of reproduction remains a central value in humans’ quest to reproduce. This yearning to maintain the mysteries will likely temper the development of strategies to alter our genome and affect the genetic identities of our offspring. In my experience as an obstetrician and reproductive endocrinology and infertility subspecialist, people want to have, not the best possible baby, but rather their own baby.
Synthetic lethality in DNA repair network: A novel avenue in targeted cancer therapy and combination therapeutics
Authors: Bhattacharjee Sonali , Nandi Saikat 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSynthetic lethality refers to a lethal phenotype that results from the simultaneous disruptions of two genes, while the disruption of either gene alone is viable. Many DNA double strand break repair (DSBR) genes have synthetic lethal relationships with oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, which can be exploited for targeted cancer therapy, an approach referred to as combination therapy. DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) are one of the most toxic lesions to a cell and can be repaired by non‐homologous end joining (NHEJ) or homologous recombination (HR). HR and NHEJ genes are particularly attractive targets for cancer therapy because these genes have altered expression patterns in cancer cells when compared with normal cells and these genetic abnormalities can be targeted for selectively killing cancer cells. Here, we review recent advances in the development of small molecule inhibitors against HR and NHEJ genes to induce synthetic lethality and address the future directions and clinical relevance of this approach. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(12):929–937, 2017
Nucleinsäurechemiker tagten in Mainz
Authors: Helm Mark 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMitte September traf sich in Mainz zum achten Mal die Deutsche Nucleinsäurechemiegemeinschaft (DNG). Zirka 100 Teilnehmer besuchten die zweitägige Veranstaltung, auf der 15 eingeladene Sprecher Vorträge zu aktuellen Themen aus der Nucleinsäureforschung präsentierten. Außerdem gab es acht Kurzvorträge zu Postern. Erstmals verlieh die DNG einen Preis, der an Wolfgang Pfleiderer aus Konstanz ging.
Benzoic Acid‐Promoted Intermolecular [3+2] Cycloaddition with Air as the Terminal Oxidant: General Approach toward Pyrrolo[2, 1‐a]isoquinolines
Authors: Zheng Kailu , Zhuang Shiyi , You Minqi , Shu Wenming , Wu Anxin , Wu Yandong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel benzoic acid‐promoted intermolecular 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction has been developed for the one‐pot construction of biologically important pyrrolo[2, 1‐a]isoquinolines. This metal‐free reaction between dipolarophiles and in situ‐generated azomethine ylides avoids the pre‐preparation of N‐substituted substrates and allows for the efficient formation of one C−N bond and two C−C bonds.
Tandem Prins Spirocyclization for the Synthesis of 1,8‐Dioxaspiro[4.5]decane and 1,9‐Dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane Scaffolds
Authors: Kummari Vijaya Babu , Yadav Jhillu S. , Kankaraju Marumudi , Reddy Basi V. Subba 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA domino Prins strategy has been developed for the synthesis of 1,8‐dioxaspiro[4.5]decane and 1,9‐dioxaspiro[5.5]undecane derivatives using TMSOTf under mild conditions in short reaction times. This method is applicable to a wide range of substrates and compatible with different substituents present on aromatic ring.
Quantitative Determination of the Carboxyl Groups on Individual Nanoparticles by Acid‐Base Titrimetry
Authors: Wen Cong‐Ying , Sun Jia‐Yi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractQuantification of the active groups on nanoparticle surface greatly facilitates the downstream functionalization, which is essential for their application. Among the common active groups, carboxyl group is one of the most popular groups. Hence, we used an improved gravimetric method to obtain the accurate number of the nanoparticles and further determined the number of the carboxyl groups on individual nanoparticles with titrimetry. In this work, polymer nanoparticles with carboxyl groups on their surfaces were taken as a model to validate this determination. Firstly, by using the total weight of the nanoparticles divided by the weight of one nanoparticle, their number concentration was determined. The total weight was obtained by measuring the dry mass of the nanoparticles, and the unit weight was calculated by the volume of a single nanoparticle multiplied with its density, in which the volume was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the density was determined by isopycnic gradient centrifugation. Directly using the real density of nanoparticles achieved more accurate quantification than the current gravimetric method which used the density of their bulk material counterparts for calculation. Then, a back titration was used to determine the carboxyl groups: Certain amount of nanoparticles were first to react with excess NaOH standard solution, and after complete reaction, the residual NaOH were measured by titration with HCl standard solution, from which the amount of the carboxyl groups on individual nanoparticles could be calculated.
A Short Synthetic Route to Benzosultine‐sulfone using Rongalite and [2+2+2]‐Cyclotrimerization
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Sreevani Gaddamedi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe report a simple and short synthetic sequence to prepare different dipropargyl sulfones using green reagent, rongalite. Later, dipropargyl sulfone has been used as a partner to prepare 4,5‐bis(bromomethyl)benzosulfone via [2+2+2]‐cyclotrimerization approach. Further, dipropargyl sulfone was used to synthesize benzosultine‐sulfone in two steps with an improved overall yield (20%) as compared to earlier routes (7% and 16%) and thus enhancing the synthetic efficiency of the target molecule.
One‐Pot Heck and Reduction: Application towards Efficient Synthesis of Flavans Promoted by Lewis Acid
Authors: Rana Nishu , Niharika Pedireddi , Kishore Dakoju Ravi , Satyanarayana Gedu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn effective two‐step process for the synthesis of functionalized flavans is presented. The proposed route comprises one‐pot method involving Heck reaction with allylic alcohols and 2‐iodophenols followed by reduction. These diols upon treatment with the Lewis acid mediated intramolecular cyclization, under mild reaction conditions, afforded the flavans.
Phase 1 and pharmacokinetic study of LY3007113, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, in patients with advanced cancer
Authors: Goldman Jonathan W. , Rosen Lee S. , Tolcher Anthony W. , Papadopoulos Kyriakos , Beeram Muralidhar , Shi Peipei , Pitou Celine , Bell Robert , Kulanthaivel Palaniappan , Zhang Xuekui , Fink Aaron , Chan Edward M. , Shahir Ashwin , Farrington Daphne , Patnaik Amita 
Published: December 2017

Summary
Background The signaling protein p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) regulates the tumor cell microenvironment, modulating cell survival, migration, and invasion. This phase 1 study evaluated the safety of p38 MAPK inhibitor LY3007113 in patients with advanced cancer to establish a recommended phase 2 dose. Methods In part A (dose escalation), LY3007113 was administered orally every 12 h (Q12H) at doses ranging from 20 mg to 200 mg daily on a 28-day cycle until the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was reached. In part B (dose confirmation), patients received MTD. Safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and tumor response data were evaluated. Results MTD was 30 mg Q12H. The most frequent treatment-related adverse events (>10%) were tremor, rash, stomatitis, increased blood creatine phosphokinase, and fatigue. Grade ≥ 3 treatment-related adverse events included upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage and increased hepatic enzyme, both occurring at 40 mg Q12H and considered dose-limiting toxicities. LY3007113 exhibited an approximately dose-proportional increase in exposure and time-independent pharmacokinetics after repeated dosing. Maximal inhibition (80%) of primary biomarker MAPK-activated protein kinase 2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was not reached, and sustained minimal inhibition (60%) was not maintained for 6 h after dosing to achieve a biologically effective dose (BED). The best overall response in part B was stable disease in 3 of 27 patients. Conclusions The recommended phase 2 dosage of LY3007113 was 30 mg Q12H. Three patients continued treatment after the first radiographic assessment, and the BED was not achieved. Further clinical development of this compound is not planned as toxicity precluded achieving a biologically effective dose.
Disturbance disrupts the relation between community similarity and environmental distance at small spatial scale
Authors: Díaz Villanueva Verónica , Mariluan Gustavo , Albariño Ricardo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAquatic invertebrate distribution within a fluvial network is affected both by dispersal capabilities of the species and changes in the environment along spatial gradients. Disturbance that affects part of the network may represent an abrupt change in environmental gradients, which should be reflected on its communities. We analysed whether the composition of benthic insect communities is associated to environmental and geographic distances in a small catchment, partially disturbed by a wildfire (non burned forest‐control: C, moderate impacted: I and burned zones: B). We postulated that changes in main resource availability differently affect certain functional feeding groups. We found that taxonomic differences were related to the disturbance condition but not to the distance among streams and that the effect of disturbance targeted mostly on shredders. Environmental differences were larger among C sites than among B sites, but community taxonomic composition was more similar among C than B sites. As a result, neither environmental nor geographic distances explained community similarity. When the analysis was scaled up by incorporating new data from a larger area, community similarity was explained both by environmental and geographic distance, independently (i.e. geographic and environmental distances did not correlate). Our results highlight the influence of a disturbance on the riparian vegetation on the benthic community composition and functional structure of forested streams, and showed the effect of scale in habitat association, as environmental and geographic distance together explained community similarity when the spatial scale was enlarged.
Female Sexual Dysfunction—Medical and Psychological Treatments, Committee 14
Authors: Kingsberg Sheryl A. , Althof Stanley , Simon James A. , Bradford Andrea , Bitzer Johannes , Carvalho Joana , Flynn Kathryn E. , Nappi Rossella E. , Reese Jennifer B. , Rezaee Roya L. , Schover Leslie , Shifrin Jan L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Introduction
Since the millennium we have witnessed significant strides in the science and treatment of female sexual dysfunction (FSD). This forward progress has included (i) the development of new theoretical models to describe healthy and dysfunctional sexual responses in women; (ii) alternative classification strategies of female sexual disorders; (iii) major advances in brain, hormonal, psychological, and interpersonal research focusing on etiologic factors and treatment approaches; (iv) strong and effective public advocacy for FSD; and (v) greater educational awareness of the impact of FSD on the woman and her partner.

Aims
To review the literature and describe the best practices for assessing and treating women with hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, and female orgasmic disorders.

Methods
The committee undertook a comprehensive review of the literature and discussion among themselves to determine the best assessment and treatment methods.

Results
Using a biopsychosocial lens, the committee presents recommendations (with levels of evidence) for assessment and treatment of hypoactive sexual desire disorder, female sexual arousal disorder, and female orgasmic disorders.

Conclusion
The numerous significant strides in FSD that have occurred since the previous International Consultation of Sexual Medicine publications are reviewed in this article. Although evidence supports an integrated biopsychosocial approach to assessment and treatment of these disorders, the biological and psychological factors are artificially separated for review purposes. We recognize that best outcomes are achieved when all relevant factors are identified and addressed by the clinician and patient working together in concert (the sum is greater than the whole of its parts).