bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance and records management in private and public hospitals in Ghana
Authors: Appiah Kingsley Opoku , Amos Kon-Naah Moomin , Bashiru Jebuni , Drammeh Palamin Habib , Tuffour Sharita 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore the link between corporate governance and records management in hospitals in Ghana.

Design/methodology/approach
Questionnaires are used to collect data from 500 management staff from 85 hospitals (public and private). The respondents comprise 134, 211, 100 and 55 from the Eastern, Ashanti, Northern and Upper West Regions in Ghana, respectively. Three-stage least-squares and ordinary least square regressions are used to establish the relationship between corporate governance and records management.

Findings
Corporate governance exhibits a positive and significant relationship with security and records management. Records management, in turn, displays a positive and significant relationship with security, transparency, corporate governance and region, but not accountability.

Research limitations/implications
The study is based on 85 hospitals consisting of 20 private and 65 public hospitals across four regions out of ten in Ghana, implying that the findings may not be applicable in the six regions omitted.

Practical implications
The findings may assist hospital management within the sub-Sahara Africa to design training programs on records management and/or corporate governance.

Originality/value
This study adds to the body of knowledge about records management and corporate governance from the sub-Sahara perspective. Specifically, the authors widen the scope on corporate governance and records management by emphasising on management, a marked departure from other studies conducted on Ghana.
Survey research on tasks and competencies to inform records management education
Authors: Buchanan Sarah A. , Stratton Caroline , Sun Yalin , Chaudhary Ankita 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report findings from research conducted to study the everyday work of information professionals, specifically records managers. This paper is a part of the “Research on the Work of 21st Century Information Professionals” study.

Design/methodology/approach
Researchers used the tailored design approach to create and increase response rate of our survey. Survey research methodology facilitated the development, pilot and launch of a survey instrument with a 20-question module specific to records management work.

Findings
The authors discovered the frequency of 11 tasks in records managers’ daily work, as well as how important each of 11 competencies are to their success on the job. Professional development topics and format, job satisfaction, strategies for gaining compliance, desired skills for new hires and curricular recommendations are also presented.

Research limitations/implications
The survey generated 334 responses from records management professionals. This sample was based on graduate alumni, targeted professional groups and snowball strategy. Implications from this study include educating doctoral students to study information work and identifying particular areas for strengthening graduate curricula and professional training.

Practical implications
The authors obtained direct insight on what records managers do in their daily work that will inform curricular decision-making.

Originality/value
The study explores an interest in daily work activities through multiple quantifiable data measures to offer nuanced insight on the relationships between different aspects of records management work.
A process-philosophical understanding of organizational learning as “wayfinding”
Authors: Chia Robert 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to articulate a practice-based, non-cognitivist approach to organizational learning.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores the potential contribution of a process-based “practice turn” in social theory for understanding organizational learning.

Findings
In complex, turbulent environments, robust organizations recur more to cultivated sensitivities and predispositions rather than rely on elaborate plans and strategies to guide their action; they “Wayfind” their way to sustainable success.

Originality/value
This study develops the understanding of organizational learning as a process of everyday practical coping guided by internalized sensitivities and predispositions.
The role of unlearning in metamorphosis and strategic resilience
Authors: Morais-Storz Marta , Nguyen Nhien 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to conceptualize what it means to be resilient in the face of our current reality of indisputable turbulence and uncertainty, suggest that continual metamorphosis is key to resilience, demonstrate the role of unlearning in that metamorphosis and suggest that problem formulation is a key deliberate mechanism of driving continual cycles of learning and unlearning.Design/methodology/approachThe paper entails a conceptual analysis.FindingsIt is found that both the unlearning and resilience literature streams are stuck in a paradigm whereby organizational behavior entails adaptation to the external environment and reaction to crisis. This paper suggests that, given a world of turbulence and uncertainty, a more useful paradigm is one where organizations take action before action is desperately needed, and that they proactively contribute to enacting their environment via their own continual metamorphosis.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should explore further the factors that can facilitate sensing the early warning signs, and facilitate the cyclical learning–unlearning process of metamorphosis.Practical implicationsThe primary practical implication is that to ensure strategic resilience, managers must be able to identify early warning signs and initiate metamorphosis. This means understanding the processes needed to support unlearning, namely, problem formulation.Originality/valueThe originality and value of the present paper lies in that it suggests a shift in paradigm from adaptation and reaction, to action and enactment. Further, it proposes a cyclical process of learning and unlearning that together define periods of metamorphosis, and suggests problem formulation, whereby the mission statement is assessed and revised, as a mechanism in that endeavor.
Changes in management policies for extremely preterm births and neonatal outcomes from 2003 to 2012: two population‐based studies in ten European regions
Authors: Bonet M , Cuttini M , Piedvache A , Boyle EM , Jarreau PH , Kollée L , Maier RF , Milligan DWA , Van Reempts P , Weber T , Barros H , Gadzinowki J , Draper ES , Zeitlin J ,   the MOSAIC and EPICE research groups
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate changes in maternity and neonatal unit policies towards extremely preterm infants (EPTIs) between 2003 and 2012, and concurrent trends in their mortality and morbidity in ten European regions.DesignPopulation‐based cohort studies in 2003 (MOSAIC study) and 2011/2012 (EPICE study) and questionnaires from hospitals.Setting70 hospitals in ten European regions.PopulationInfants born at <27 weeks of gestational age (GA) in hospitals participating in both the MOSAIC and EPICE studies (1240 in 2003, 1293 in 2011/2012).MethodsWe used McNemar's Chi2 test, paired t‐tests and conditional logistic regression for comparisons over time.Main outcomes measuresReported policies, mortality and morbidity of EPTIs.ResultsThe lowest GA at which maternity units reported performing a caesarean section for acute distress of a singleton non‐malformed fetus decreased from an average of 24.7 to 24.1 weeks (P < 0.01) when parents were in favour of active management, and 26.1 to 25.2 weeks (P = 0.01) when parents were against. Units reported that neonatologists were called more often for spontaneous deliveries starting at 22 weeks GA in 2012 and more often made decisions about active resuscitation alone, rather than in multidisciplinary teams. In‐hospital mortality after live birth for EPTIs decreased from 50% to 42% (P < 0.01). Units reporting more active management in 2012 than 2003 had higher mortality in 2003 (55% versus 43%; P < 0.01) and experienced larger declines (55 to 44%; P < 0.001) than units where policies stayed the same (43 to 37%; P = 0.1).ConclusionsEuropean hospitals reporting changes in management policies experienced larger survival gains for EPTIs.Tweetable abstractChanges in reported policies for management of extremely preterm births were related to mortality declines.
Improving Hospital Performance Rankings Using Discrete Patient Diagnoses for Risk Adjustment of Outcomes
Authors: DeCenso Brendan , Duber Herbert C. , Flaxman Abraham D. , Murphy Shane M. , Hanlon Michael 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the changes in patient outcome prediction and hospital performance ranking when incorporating diagnoses as risk adjusters rather than comorbidity indices.Data SourcesHealthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases for New York State, 2005–2009.Study DesignConducted tree‐based classification for mortality and readmission by incorporating discrete patient diagnoses as predictors, comparing with traditional comorbidity indices such as those used for Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) outcome models.Principal FindingsDiagnosis codes as predictors increased predictive accuracy 5.6 percent (95% CI: 4.5–6.9 percent) relative to CMS condition categories for heart failure 30‐day mortality. Most other outcomes exhibited statistically significant accuracy gains and facility ranking shifts. Sensitivity analysis showed improvements even when predictors were limited to only the diagnoses included in CMS models.ConclusionsDiscretizing patient severity information beyond the levels of traditional comorbidity indices improves patient outcome predictions and substantially shifts facility rankings.
Transitional B Cells Predominantly Reconstituted After a Desensitization Therapy Using Rituximab Before Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Ikemiyagi Masako , Hirai Toshihito , Ishii Rumi , Miyairi Satoshi , Okumi Masayoshi , Tanabe Kazunari 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe role of B cells in graft rejection and tolerance has aroused great interest. We previously reported that rituximab (RIT) induction prior to kidney transplantation (KTx) reduced the incidence rate of chronic rejection. Here, we performed a cross sectional investigation to determine the characteristics of B cells after RIT induction for KTx. We sampled blood from 29 patients with (N = 16) and without (N = 13) RIT induction 3 to 18 months after KTx. In the RIT group, the majority of repopulating B cells was the transitional type, while memory B cells were scarce. Although transitional B cells are believed to have immune‐regulatory functions by producing IL‐10, transcriptional levels of IL‐10 in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells were similar in both groups. In contrast, transcription levels of BAFF‐receptor relatively increased in patients with RIT induction. In conclusion, BAFF‐receptor expressing highly proliferating transitional B cell was the major subset after RIT induction for KTx.
Arterial Access Port: A Shunt‐Less Vascular Access Using a Blind‐Ending Artificial Graft Anastomosed to the Brachial Artery
Authors: Matsuda Hiroaki , Oka Yoshinari , Yoshida Ryuichi , Katsura Yuki , Takeuchi Hidemi , Oyama Takanori , Takatsu Shigeko , Miyazaki Masashi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe retrospectively investigated the usability of arterial access ports (AAPs), which are blind‐ending short prosthetic grafts anastomosed to the brachial artery (BA) and implanted subcutaneously, via which cannulation and blood‐drawing from the BA was performed. Nineteen AAPs in 16 patients were evaluated. The AAP cumulative functional usage rate tended to drop within a year after its implantation because of infection and inappropriate positioning; however, its usability was extended for a maximum of 97 months after re‐implantation. The operative modification of minimal superficial repositioning of the BA anastomosed with the graft significantly improved its usage rate by easing the cannulation via the graft and eliminated usage withdrawal caused by infection and dislocation. Occlusion, thrombus, and ligation of the BA never occurred even after surgical repairs for infectious AAP. The use of an AAP as a shunt‐less vascular access could be an alternative to BA superficialization with avoidance of direct BA puncture.
Photosynthetic bacterium Rhodopseudomonas palustris GJ‐22 induces systemic resistance against viruses
Authors: Su Pin , Tan Xinqiu , Li Chenggang , Zhang Deyong , Cheng Ju'e , Zhang Songbai , Zhou Xuguo , Yan Qingpin , Peng Jing , Zhang Zhuo , Liu Yong , Lu Xiangyang 
Published: March 2017

SummaryPhotosynthetic bacteria (PSB) have been extensively used in agriculture to promote plant growth and to improve crop quality. Their potential application in plant disease management, however, is largely overlooked. In this study, the PSB strain Rhodopseudomonas palustris GJ‐22 was investigated for its ability to induce resistance against a plant virus while promoting plant growth. In the field, a foliar spray of GJ‐22 suspension protected tobacco plants against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). Under axenic conditions, GJ‐22 colonized the plant phyllosphere and induced resistance against TMV. Additionally, GJ‐22 produced two phytohormones, indole‐3‐acetic acid and 5‐aminolevulinic acid, which promote growth and germination in tobacco. Furthermore, GJ‐22‐inoculated plants elevated their immune response under subsequent TMV infection. This research may give rise to a novel biological agent with a dual function in disease management while promoting plant growth.
A U‐shaped association of body mass index and all‐cause mortality in heart failure patients: A dose‐response meta‐analysis of prospective cohort studies
Authors: Qin Wei , Liu Feng , Wan Chen 
Published: March 2017

SummaryBackground and AimsThe role of body mass index (BMI) for the prognosis of heart failure (HF) patients remains to be a great interest for a long time. However, the precise effect of dose‐response for BMI and mortality risk in patients with HF is still unclear. We conducted a dose‐response meta‐analysis to quantitatively assess the effect of BMI on all‐cause mortality in subjects with HF.MethodsFourteen prospective cohort studies included 13 508 death cases identified among 46 794 patients with HF.ResultsThe summary HR per 5 units increase in BMI was 0.95 (95% CI=0.92‐0.97) with evidence of high heterogeneity (I2=90.10%, Pheterogeneity<.00001), and an U‐shaped nonlinear relationship of BMI and risk of mortality from all‐causes was revealed (Pnonlinearity=.0025). When stratified analyses were conducted, the heterogeneity in patients with HF aged more than 60 years decreased.ConclusionHeart failure patients with higher BMI (>28 kg/m2) have a better survival, whereas underweight and those with severe obesity (eg, BMI>37 kg/m2) have a higher mortality.
Traditional Chinese medicine Bushen‐Jianpi‐Huoxue decoction prevents diabetic osteoporosis in rats via Wnt and nuclear factor‐kappa B signaling pathways
Authors: Zhang Yongqing , Liu Mingming , Li Haisheng , Chen Zetao , Liang Na , Xu Jianguo , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhang Yihang 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Bushen‐Jianpi‐Huoxue decoction (BJHD), on diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) and the action mechanisms likely mediated by nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐κB) and Wnt signaling pathways.MethodsFifty‐five male Wistar rats were used in this study; they were divided into normal control (n = 10) and established DOP model (n = 45) groups. The DOP model was induced using a combination high carbohydrate ‐ high fat diet and intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin (STZ). The successfully induced animals were randomized to the model, Western medicine, TCM and control groups. Levels of fasting blood glucose; insulin; serum Ca, P and alkaline phosphatase, and the femoral bone mineral density (BMD) were measured. Furthermore, messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of cytokines in the Wnt and NF‐κB signaling pathways were measured using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).ResultsThirty rats were successfully established as the DOP model (10/group). After treatment, the levels of fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance and alkaline phosphatase in the TCM group rats were lower, while P and BMD were higher than those in the model groups. The mRNA levels of cytokines in the Wnt signaling pathway were higher in the TCM group than those in the model group. Moreover, the expressions of factors in the NF‐κB pathway were markedly lower in the TCM group than they were in the model group.ConclusionBushen‐Jianpi‐Huoxue decoction relieved DOP by activating the Wnt signaling pathway while inhibiting NF‐κB signaling.
Why Politics and Context Matter in Conservation Policy
Authors: Damiens Florence L. P. , Mumaw Laura , Backstrom Anna , Bekessy Sarah A. , Coffey Brian , Faulkner Richard , Garrard Georgia E. , Hardy Mathew J. , Kusmanoff Alexander M. , Mata Luis , Rickards Lauren , Selinske Matthew J. , Torabi Nooshin , Gordon Ascelin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractKareiva and Fuller (2016) consider the future prospects for biodiversity conservation in the face of the profound disruptions of the Anthropocene. They argue that more flexible and entrepreneurial approaches to conservation are needed. While some of the approaches they promote may work in particular situations, we believe their proposal risks unintended and detrimental social and ecological consequences by presenting them as global solutions to complex political, economic, social and ethical problems that are context‐dependent. Here we argue that the authors inadequately considers the following core issues of biodiversity conservation, namely: (1) the structural causes of biodiversity depletion and the responsibilities of key actors; (2) the questions around what should be conserved, the processes by which biodiversity is valued, and who has the legitimate authority to value it; (3) the fact that new tools, technologies and innovative approaches are unsuitable as guiding principles to solve complex, context‐dependent social‐ecological problems; (4) the challenges of choosing relevant interventions, given experts’ limited ability to ‘manage for change and evolution’; and (5) the risks associated with promoting a utilitarian approach and a neoliberal governance model for conservation at the global scale.
Conditioned Stimulus Form Does Not Explain Failures to See Pavlovian‐Instrumental‐Transfer With Ethanol‐Paired Conditioned Stimuli
Authors: Lamb Richard J. , Ginsburg Brett C. , Schindler Charles W. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundPavlovian‐Instrumental‐Transfer (PIT) examines the effects of associative learning upon instrumental responding. Previous studies examining PIT with ethanol (EtOH)‐maintained responding showed increases in responding following presentation of an EtOH‐paired conditioned stimulus (CS). Recently, we conducted 2 studies examining PIT with an EtOH‐paired CS. One of these found increases in responding, while the other did not. This less robust demonstration of PIT may have resulted from the form of the CS used, as we used a 120‐second light stimulus as a CS, while the previous studies used either a 120‐second auditory stimulus or a 10‐second light stimulus. This study examined whether using conditions similar to our earlier study, but with either a 120‐second auditory or a 10‐second light stimulus as a CS, resulted in more robust PIT. We also examined the reliability of our previous failure to observe PIT.MethodsThree experiments were conducted examining whether PIT was obtained using (i) a 120‐second light stimulus, (ii) a 10‐second light stimulus, or (iii) a 120‐second auditory stimulus as CSs.ResultsWe found PIT was not obtained using (i) a 120‐second light stimulus as a CS, (ii) a 10‐second light stimulus as a CS, or (iii) a 120‐second auditory stimulus as a CS.ConclusionsThese results suggest that CS form does not account for our earlier failure to see PIT. Rather, factors like rat strain or how EtOH drinking is induced may account for when PIT is or is not observed.
Retention and relapse in clinical practice
Authors: Littlewood SJ , Kandasamy S , Huang G 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMaintaining teeth in their corrected positions following orthodontic treatment can be extremely challenging. Teeth have a tendency to move back towards the original malocclusion as a result of periodontal, gingival, occlusal and growth related factors. However, tooth movement can also occur as a result of normal age changes. Because orthodontics is unable to predict which patients are at risk of relapse, those which will remain stable and the extent of relapse that will occur in the long‐term, clinicians need to treat all patients as if they have a high potential to relapse. To reduce this risk, long term retention is advocated. This can be a significant commitment for patients, and so retention and the potential for relapse must form a key part of the informed consent process prior to orthodontic treatment. It is vital that patients are made fully aware of their responsibilities in committing to wear retainers as prescribed in order to reduce the chance of relapse. If patients are unable or unwilling to comply as prescribed, they must be prepared to accept that there will be tooth positional changes following treatment. There is currently insufficient high quality evidence regarding the best type of retention or retention regimen, and so each clinician's approach will be affected by their personal, clinical experience and expertise, and guided by their patients’ expectations and circumstances.
Short term orthodontics
Authors: McDonald F 
Published: March 2017

AbstractShort‐term orthodontics is a growing area of clinical care delivery. Many practitioners who have not experienced specialist orthodontic education are involved in the provision of that care. Limited orthodontic treatment can provide a level of tooth movement but the essential challenge arises from the patient's expectations and their acceptance of the possible outcomes. As with all techniques, short‐term orthodontics is not a panacea of care and the patient's motivation and the identification of specific cases which might benefit, is essential. Providers clearly use the technique in different ways and this paper highlights areas of caution
Early Class II treatment
Authors: Brierley CA , DiBiase A , Sandler PJ 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe treatment of children presenting with a Class II division I malocclusion involves one of two approaches. The first provides treatment in two phases; one of intervention during the mixed dentition (phase I) followed by a second definitive course of appliance treatment in early adolescence (phase II). The second approach involves providing a single course of comprehensive therapy during adolescence. The debate for and against early treatment is discussed alongside key, clinically relevant evidence related to Class II division I malocclusions.