bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Bar-coding Technology on Medication Errors: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Hutton Kevin , Ding Qian , Wellman Gregory 
Published: February 2017

Background
The bar-coding technology adoptions have risen drastically in U.S. health systems in the past decade. However, few studies have addressed the impact of bar-coding technology with strong prospective methodologies and the research, which has been conducted from both in-pharmacy and bedside implementations.

Objective
This systematic literature review is to examine the effectiveness of bar-coding technology on preventing medication errors and what types of medication errors may be prevented in the hospital setting.

Methods
A systematic search of databases was performed from 1998 to December 2016. Studies measuring the effect of bar-coding technology on medication errors were included in a full-text review. Studies with the outcomes other than medication errors such as efficiency or workarounds were excluded. The outcomes were measured and findings were summarized for each retained study.

Results
A total of 2603 articles were initially identified and 10 studies, which used prospective before-and-after study design, were fully reviewed in this article. Of the 10 included studies, 9 took place in the United States, whereas the remaining was conducted in the United Kingdom. One research article focused on bar-coding implementation in a pharmacy setting, whereas the other 9 focused on bar coding within patient care areas. All 10 studies showed overall positive effects associated with bar-coding implementation.

Conclusions
The results of this review show that bar-coding technology may reduce medication errors in hospital settings, particularly on preventing targeted wrong dose, wrong drug, wrong patient, unauthorized drug, and wrong route errors.
Placental Mitochondrial Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis, and Adverse Perinatal Outcomes in HIV Pregnancies Under Antiretroviral Treatment Containing Zidovudine
Authors: Hernández Sandra , Catalán-García Marc , Morén Constanza , García-Otero Laura , López Marta , Guitart-Mampel Mariona , Milisenda José , Coll Oriol , Cardellach Francesc , Gratacós Eduard , Miró Òscar , Garrabou Glòria 
Published: February 2017

Objective:
To determine whether mitochondrial, oxidative, and apoptotic abnormalities in placenta derived from HIV and combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) containing zidovudine (AZT) could be associated with adverse perinatal outcome.

Design:
Cross-sectional, controlled, observational study.

Methods:
We studied obstetric results and mitochondrial, oxidative, and apoptotic state in placenta of 24 treated HIV-infected and 32 -uninfected pregnant women. We measured mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content by quantitative reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (mtND2/n18SrRNA), oxidative stress by the spectrophotometric quantification of lipid peroxidation and apoptosis by Western blot analysis of active caspase-3 respect to β-actin content and analysis of the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling.

Results:
Global adverse perinatal outcome (defined as preterm delivery or/and small newborns for gestational age) was significantly increased in HIV pregnancies [or 6.7 (1.3–33.2); P < 0.05]. mtDNA content in HIV-infected women was significantly depleted (39.20% ± 2.78%) with respect to controls (0.59 ± 0.03 vs. 0.97 ± 0.07; P < 0.001). A significant 29.50% ± 9.14% increase in oxidative stress was found in placentas of HIV-infected women (23.23 ± 1.64 vs. 17.94 ± 1.03; P < 0.01). A trend toward 41.18% ± 29.41% increased apoptosis active caspase-3/β-actin was found in HIV patients (0.48 ± 0.10 vs. 0.34 ± 0.05; P = not significant), confirmed by transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay. Adverse perinatal outcome did not correlate mitochondrial, oxidative, or apoptotic findings.

Conclusions:
Placentas of HIV-infected pregnant women under AZT cART showed evidence of mtDNA depletion, increased oxidative stress levels, and apoptosis suggestive of secondary mitochondrial failure, potential base of associated adverse perinatal outcome. Despite the fact that further demonstration of causality would need new approaches and bigger sample sizes, AZT-sparing cART should be considered in the context of pregnancy.
Primary Angiosarcoma of the Breast
Authors: Tomich John , Grove Nigro Kelly , Barr Richard G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Primary angiosarcoma of the breast is a rare entity. In this case report, we present a case of primary angiosarcoma of the breast in a young woman who presents with her entire right breast enlarged without skin coloration change or signs of mastitis. She recently stopped breastfeeding. This case report will review the literature and present the mammographic and sonographic findings including elastography.
Calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibodies for migraine prevention: comparisons across randomized controlled studies
Authors: Mitsikostas Dimos D. , Reuter Uwe 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
The results of phase 2 randomized controlled trials for the prevention of episodic and chronic migraine demonstrating the efficacy and safety of four mAbs targeting the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway [ALD403 (eptinezumab), AMG334 (erenumab), LY2951742 (galcanezumab) and TEV48125 (fremanezumab)] have been published recently, and phase 3 trials are in process. This development will change headache management fundamentally. We aim to summarize and compare the phase 2 data.

Recent findings
The change from baseline in the number of migraine days at the end of treatment in high-frequency episodic migraine was −1 (at weeks 5–8), −1.1 (at weeks 9–12), −1.2 (at weeks 9–12) and −2.6 (at weeks 9–12) days for ALD403, AMG344, LY2951742 and TEV48125 (225 mg), respectively. Number needed to treats for responders and odds ratio for any adverse event were 4.7, 6.2, 4.0 and 4.0 and 1.09, 0.96, 1.07 and 1.05, respectively.

Summary
All four CGRP antibodies display comparable efficacy that does not differ significantly from that of the currently available oral antimigraine drugs. However, their safety and tolerability profiles as well as low frequency of administration looks promising but remains to be verified in long-term and large-scale trials. Considerations related to pregnancy, risk for cardiovascular effects and cost are subject for further evaluation.
TeachEnG: a Teaching Engine for Genomics
Authors: Kim Minji , Kim Yeonsung , Qian Lei , Song Jun S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMotivationBioinformatics is a rapidly growing field that has emerged from the synergy of computer science, statistics, and biology. Given the interdisciplinary nature of bioinformatics, many students from diverse fields struggle with grasping bioinformatic concepts only from classroom lectures. Interactive tools for helping students reinforce their learning would be thus desirable. Here, we present an interactive online educational tool called TeachEnG (acronym forTeachingEngine forGenomics) for reinforcing key concepts in sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree reconstruction. Our instructional games allow students to align sequences by hand, fill out the dynamic programming matrix in the Needleman-Wunsch global sequence alignment algorithm, and reconstruct phylogenetic trees via the maximum parsimony and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) algorithms. With an easily accessible interface and instant visual feedback, TeachEnG will help promote active learning in bioinformatics.Availability and Implementation:TeachEnG is freely available athttp://song.igb.illinois.edu/TeachEnG/. It is written in JavaScript and compatible with Firefox, Safari, Chrome, and Microsoft Edge.Contact:songi@illinois.edu
The genomic architecture of flowering time varies across space and time inMimulus guttatus
Authors: Monnahan Patrick J. , Kelly John K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe degree to which genomic architecture varies across space and time is central to the evolution of genomes in response to natural selection. Bulked-segregant mapping combined with pooled sequencing provides an efficient method to estimate the effect of genetic variants on quantitative traits. We develop a novel likelihood framework to identify segregating variation within multiple populations and generations while accommodating estimation error on a sample- and SNP-specific basis. We use this method to map loci for flowering time within natural populations ofMimulus guttatus, collecting the early and late flowering plants from each of three neighboring populations and two consecutive generations. We find appreciable variation in genetic effects on flowering time across both time and space; the greatest differences evident between populations. Structural variants, such as inversions, and genes from multiple flowering time pathways exhibit the strongest associations with flowering time. It is also clear that genotype-by-environment interactions are an important influence on flowering time variation.
Adding value to Brazilian companies through corporate social responsibility
Authors: Batista Eduardo Soares , Reis Alexandro , Bortolini Filipe , de Souza Marcelo Alves , Borchardt Miriam , Pereira Giancarlo Medeiros 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine how corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives add value to Brazilian companies and how these companies perceive the impact of CSR initiatives on their customers, employees, and society.

Design/methodology/approach
A multiple case study was conducted on 17 Brazilian companies, from diverse industries, that started their CSR initiatives between 1984 and 2011.

Findings
It is possible to identify ten companies with CSR initiatives disconnected from business strategy. In such cases, CSR started as an altruistic contribution to the local community. Actions have been limited to the employees and have demanded resources without perceived value for stakeholders. In seven companies, CSR initiatives are linked to the business strategy. In these cases, CSR initiatives add value to the companies promoting companies’ or brands’ reputation. It is observed to provide better working environment through employees’ motivation and their involvement in CSR initiatives. This value is perceived for the customers, employees, and for the society. However, to reinforce this perception, interested stakeholders should be informed about CSR initiatives and their contribution to the society.

Originality/value
This research attempts to analyze the CSR initiatives of the companies in emerging countries and to understand how CSR could add value to these companies and how this value is perceived. It also aims to understand how these initiatives have been organized and could support the altruistic efforts with effective results to the companies and to the society.
Soil drainage facilitates earthworm invasion and subsequent carbon loss from peatland soil
Authors: Wu Xinwei , Cao Rui , Wei Xue , Xi Xinqiang , Shi Peili , Eisenhauer Nico , Sun Shucun 
Published: February 2017

SummaryHuman activities have been a significant driver of environmental changes with tremendous consequences for carbon (C) dynamics. Peatlands are critical ecosystems because they store ~30% of the global soil organic C pool and are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic changes. The Zoige peatland on the eastern Tibet Plateau, as the largest alpine peatland in the world, accounts for 1‰ of global peat soil organic C storage. However, this peatland has experienced dramatic climate change including increased temperature and reduced precipitation in the past decades, which likely is responsible for a decline of the water‐table and facilitated earthworm invasion, two major factors reducing soil organic carbon (SOC) storage of peatlands.Because earthworms often are more active in low‐ than in high‐moisture peatlands, we hypothesized that the simultaneous occurrence of water‐table decline and earthworm invasion would synergistically accelerate the release ofSOCfrom peatland soil. We conducted a field experiment with a paired split‐plot design, i.e. presence vs. absence of the invasive earthworms (Pheretima aspergillum) nested in drained vs. undrained plots, respectively, for 3 years within the homogenous Zoige peatland.Water‐table decline significantly decreased soil water content and bulk density, resulting in a marked reduction ofSOCstorage. Moreover, consistent with our hypothesis, earthworm presence dramatically reducedSOCin the drained but not in the undrained peatland through the formation of deep burrows and decreasing bulk density of the lower soil layer over 3 years. The variation inSOClikely was due to changes in above‐ground plant biomass, root growth and earthworm behaviour induced by the experimental treatments.Synthesis and applications. We suggest that incentive measures should be taken to prevent further water‐table decline and earthworm invasion for maintaining the soil carbon pool in Zoige peatland. Artificial filling of drainage canals should be implemented to increase the water‐table level, facilitating the recovery of drained peatlands. Moreover, the dispersal of earthworms and their cocoons attached to the roots of crop plants and tree saplings from low‐lying areas to the Zoige region should be prevented.
Greater root phosphatase activity in nitrogen‐fixing rhizobial but not actinorhizal plants with declining phosphorus availability
Authors: Png Guochen K. , Turner Benjamin L. , Albornoz Felipe E. , Hayes Patrick E. , Lambers Hans , Laliberté Etienne 
Published: February 2017

Summary

The abundance of nitrogen (N)‐fixing plants in ecosystems where phosphorus (P) limits plant productivity poses a paradox because N fixation entails a high P cost. One explanation for this paradox is that the N‐fixing strategy allows greater root phosphatase activity to enhance P acquisition from organic sources, but evidence to support this contention is limited.

We measured root phosphomonoesterase (PME) activity of 10 N‐fixing species, including rhizobial legumes and actinorhizal Allocasuarina species, and eight non‐N‐fixing species across a retrogressive soil chronosequence showing a clear shift from N to P limitation of plant growth and representing a strong natural gradient in P availability.

Legumes showed greater root PME activity than non‐legumes, with the difference between these two groups increasing markedly as soil P availability declined. By contrast, root PME activity of actinorhizal species was always lower than that of co‐occurring legumes and not different from non‐N‐fixing plants.

The difference in root PME activity between legumes and actinorhizal plants was not reflected in a greater or similar reliance on N fixation for N acquisition by actinorhizal species compared to co‐occurring legumes.

Synthesis. Our results support the idea that N‐fixing legumes show high root phosphatase activity, especially at low soil P availability, but suggest that this is a phylogenetically conserved trait rather than one directly linked to their N‐fixation capacity.
Genetic differentiation and plasticity interact along temperature and precipitation gradients to determine plant performance under climate change
Authors: Münzbergová Zuzana , Hadincová Věroslava , Skálová Hana , Vandvik Vigdis 
Published: February 2017

Summary

Understanding species' abilities to cope with changing climate is a key prerequisite for predicting the future fates of species and ecosystems. Despite considerable research on species responses to changing climate, we still lack understanding of the role of specific climatic factors, and their interactions, for species responses. We also lack understanding of the relative importance of plasticity vs. adaptation in determining the observed responses.

As a model, we use a dominant clonal grass, Festuca rubra, originating from a natural climatic grid of 12 localities in western Norway that allows factorial combinations of temperature (mean growing season temperatures ranging from 6·5 to 10·5 °C) and precipitation (annual precipitation ranging from 600 to 2700 mm). We grew clones from all populations in four growth chambers representing the four climatic extremes in the climate grid (warm/cold × wet/dry).

Genetic differentiation and direction and magnitude of plastic responses vary systematically among populations throughout the climatic grid. Growth‐related plant traits are highly plastic and their degree of plasticity depends on their origin. In contrast, the traits reflecting species' foraging strategy are not plastic but vary with the climate of origin. Levels of plasticity of growth‐related traits and genetically differentiated foraging traits thus might constrain local populations' ability to cope with novel climates.

Synthesis. Shifts in temperature and precipitation, at the scale and direction expected for the region in the next century, are likely to dramatically affect plant performance. This study illustrates how the interplay between genetic differentiation and plasticity in response to both temperature and precipitation will affect the specific responses of species to climate change. Such complex responses will affect how climate‐change impacts scale up to the community and ecosystem levels. Future studies thus need to specifically consider regionally relevant climate‐change projections, and also explore the role of genetic differentiation and plasticity and how this varies within local floras. Our study also demonstrates that even widespread species with seemingly broad climatic niches may strongly differ in their population performance and plasticity. Climate‐change studies should therefore not be limited to rare and restricted species.
The CAPS Study: incidence, management and outcomes of cardiac arrest in pregnancy in the UK: a prospective, descriptive study
Authors: Beckett VA , Knight M , Sharpe P 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the incidence, risks, management and outcomes of cardiac arrest in pregnancy in the UK population, with specific focus on the use of perimortem caesarean section (PMCS).DesignA prospective, descriptive study using the UK Obstetric Surveillance System (UKOSS).SettingAll UK hospitals with maternity units.PopulationAll women who received basic life support in pregnancy in the UK between 1 July 2011 and 30 June 2014 (n = 66).MethodsProspective case identification through UKOSS monthly mailing.Main outcome measuresCardiac arrest in pregnancy, PMCS, maternal death.ResultsThere were 66 cardiac arrests in pregnancy, resulting in an incidence of 2.78 per 100 000 maternities (1:36 000; 95% CI 2.2–3.6). In all, 28 women died (case fatality rate 42%); 16 women arrested solely as a consequence of obstetric anaesthesia, 12 of whom were obese. Basic and advanced life support were rapidly delivered. Those who died were more likely to have collapsed at home. Perimortem caesarean section was performed in 49 women, 11 in the emergency department. The time from collapse to PMCS was significantly shorter in women who survived (median interval 3 versus 12 minutes, P = 0.001). Forty‐six of 58 babies were born alive; 32 babies to surviving mothers and 14 to women who died.ConclusionCardiac arrest is rare in the pregnant UK population, however, nearly a quarter of cases are precipitated by obstetric anaesthesia, suggesting an opportunity to reduce the incidence further. Maternal survival rates of 58% were achieved with timely resuscitation, including PMCS, delay in which was associated with maternal death. Inpatient arrests were associated with higher survival rates than arrests that occurred outside the hospital setting.Tweetable abstract25% of cardiac arrest in pregnancy is caused by anaesthesia. Rapid perimortem section improves survival.
Assessing cervical intraepithelial neoplasia as an indicator disease for HIV in a low endemic setting: a population‐based register study
Authors: Carlander C , Marrone G , Brännström J , Yilmaz A , Elfgren K , Sparén P , Sönnerborg A 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo analyse whether the prevalence of undiagnosed HIV among (1) all women in Sweden and (2) migrant women, diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse CIN2+ reaches the threshold of 0.1%, which has been suggested to be cost‐effective for HIV testing.DesignPopulation‐based register study.SettingCounties of Stockholm and Gothenburg, Sweden, 1990–2014.PopulationAll women, born between 1940 and 1990, with at least one cervical cytology or histology registered in the Swedish National Cervical Screening Register (NKCx).MethodsData were collected from the NKCx and the Swedish National HIV register. The proportion of women with undiagnosed HIV among women with CIN2+ compared with women with a normal/mildly abnormal cytology/histology was assessed.Main outcome measuresProportion of women with undiagnosed HIV.ResultsThe proportion of undiagnosed HIV was higher among all women with CIN2+ than among those without CIN2+: 0.06% (95% CI 0.04–0.08) versus 0.04% (95% CI 0.04–0.04); P = 0.017). Among migrant women, the proportion of undiagnosed HIV was higher among those with CIN2+ than among those without [0.30% (95% CI 0.20–0.43) versus 0.08% (95% CI 0.07–0.10); P < 0.001] and exceeded 0.1%, suggesting the cost‐effectiveness of HIV testing. Women with undiagnosed HIV at the time of CIN2+ had a significantly lower nadir CD4+ T‐cell count, as a measure of immunosuppression, compared with women without CIN2+ before HIV diagnosis (median nadir CD4, 95 cells/mm3 versus 210 cells/mm3; P < 0.01).ConclusionsHIV testing should be performed in migrant women with unknown HIV status diagnosed with CIN2+.Tweetable abstractHIV testing should be performed in migrant women with unknown HIV status diagnosed with CIN2+.
Factors of primary and secondary sulfonylurea failure in type 2 diabetic subjects
Authors: Wang Huaiqing , Ren Qian , Han Xueyao , Chen Jing , Zhou Lingli , Chen Yingli , Ji Linong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of the present study was to investigate the value of clinical characteristics in predicting sulfonylurea (SU) treatment responses.MethodsAll 747 subjects in the present study were from the Xiaoke Pill Clinical Trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of SU. Subjects had the same initial dose of glibenclamide and drug doses were adjusted every 4 weeks during the 48‐week follow‐up period. Primary SU failure was defined as a <10% reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at the end of Week 4 from randomization, whereas secondary SU failure was defined as a consecutive confirmed level of FPG >7 mmol/L.ResultsKaplan–Meier survival analysis revealed that lower baseline basal disposition index (DI
b) and higher FPG predict secondary SU failure. Inversely, higher baseline DI
b and lower FPG predict primary SU failure. Primary SU failure can predict secondary SU failure. The combination of lower baseline DI
b with primary SU failure is a better predictor of secondary SU failure than lower baseline DI
b or primary SU failure alone.ConclusionsPatients with good glycemic control and higher β‐cell reserve at entry are more likely to experience primary SU failure but are less likely to experience secondary SU failure. By combining baseline DI
b with initial response at the first month of treatment, we can get quick information about the long‐term efficacy of SU treatment.