bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of oscillated wall on the turbulent structure and heat transfer of three-dimensional wall jet
Authors: Khairi Muthana Mraweh , Razavi Seyed Esmail , Talati Faramarz , Ehghaghi Bonab Mir Biuok 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this research, a three-dimensional turbulent wall jet was modeled using an Improved Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation to examine its flow and thermal properties. The accuracy of the simulation was confirmed by comparing key flow characteristics with experimental data. The study involved introducing an oscillating wall and a hot wall within the computational domain to observe their effects on thermal behavior and turbulence structure. OpenFOAM v2012 was utilized for the simulations based on a 3D channel design. The turbulent structure exhibited distinct separated, small-scale, and large-scale turbulence within the domain. The findings indicated that reducing the computational domain height increased the Nusselt number, and positioning the hot wall near the core of the jet also increased the Nusselt number. Additionally, increasing the frequency and amplitude of the oscillating wall resulted in a higher Nusselt number. These results contribute to a deeper understanding of the fluid physics in this specific scenario and can enhance knowledge in the fields of solid and turbulence fluid structure interaction. The analysis of the turbulence structure revealed that a lower domain height created elongated turbulence structures, and placing the hot wall at the end of the computational domain had less impact on smoothing the turbulence structures due to the presence of very strong, large turbulence structures.
Design and fabrication of an achromatic liquid crystal polarization grating with large deflection angle for visible wavelength
Authors: Chen Yi , Wang Jianguo , Wang Fajia , Zhao Yadi , Zhao Yuan-an , Wang Jundong , Hong Ruijin , Tao Chunxian , Zhang Dawei , Cao Zhaoliang , Shao Jianda 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Traditional liquid crystal polarization gratings (LCPG) are limited to satisfying the half-wave condition at a single wavelength. However, maintaining the high diffraction efficiency across a broad bandwidth presents a significant challenge. In this study, an achromatic polarization grating with a dual-twist structure and a period of Λ = 1.5 μm was fabricated utilizing liquid crystal polymers and the photo-alignment technology. The performance of this LCPG was evaluated with the spectrometer and specific wavelength light sources (632 nm, 532 nm). The results were compared with theoretical simulations. It is shown that grating can achieve a diffraction efficiency exceeding 90% and a large deflection angle ranging from 18.3° to 26.1° between 470 nm and 660 nm.
Saponin-mediated and microwave-assisted biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles: preparations and anticancer assessment
Authors: Murugan Sesha Subramanian , Dalavi Pandurang Appana , Gupta Pramod K , Hur Won , Pillappan Ramkumar , Venkatesan Jayachandran , Seong Gi Hun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Silver nanoparticles have been extensively studied and used for biological and biomedical applications due to its antimicrobial properties. In this study, we have developed silver nanoparticles with saponin (S-AgNPs) using microwave-mediated methodology and physiochemically characterised and evaluated its anticancer potential. According to UV–visible spectroscopy, S-AgNPs exhibited a maximum absorption peak at a wavelength of 420 nm. DLS analysis revealed that S-AgNPs have an average diameter of around 133.8 ± 10 nm. HR-TEM analysis confirms the spherical morphology of S-AgNPs. Further, the anticancer effect of S-AgNPs was validated using A459 lung cancer cells by in vitro cell interaction tests such as the MTT assay, staining assay, and flow cytometry assay. The IC50 value of S-AgNPs against A549 cells was 30 μg ml−1, and Calcein-EtBr and Annexin V/PI staining results confirm the presence of apoptotic cells after treatment S-AgNPs. Hence, biosynthesized S-AgNPs can play a vital role in developing anticancer drugs for cancer treatment.
Spatiotemporal Forecasting of Opioid-Related Fatal Overdoses: Towards Best Practices for Modeling and Evaluation
Authors: Heuton Kyle , Kapoor Jyontika , Shrestha Shikhar , Stopka Thomas J , Hughes Michael C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To inform public health interventions, researchers have developed models to forecast opioid-related overdose mortality. These efforts often have limited overlap in the models and datasets employed, presenting challenges to assessing progress in this field. Furthermore, common error-based performance metrics, such as root mean squared error (RMSE), cannot directly assess a key modeling purpose: the identification of priority areas for interventions. We recommend a new intervention-aware performance metric, Percentage of Best Possible Reach (%BPR). We compare metrics for many published models across two distinct geographic settings, Cook County, Illinois and Massachusetts, assuming the budget to intervene in 100 census tracts out of 1000s in each setting. The top-performing models based on RMSE recommend areas that do not always reach the most possible overdose events. In Massachusetts, the top models preferred by %BPR could have reached 18 additional fatal overdoses per year in 2020-2021 compared to models favored by RMSE. In Cook County, the different metrics select similar top-performing models, yet other models with similar RMSE can have significant variation in %BPR. We further find that simple models often perform as well as recently published ones. We release open code and data for others to build upon.
Impact of Baseline SARS-CoV-2 Load in Plasma and Upper Airways on the Incidence of Acute Extrapulmonary Complications of COVID-19: A Multicentric, Prospective, Cohort Study
Authors: Jensen Tomas O , Harper Katrina , Gupta Shaili , Liu Sean T , Dharan Nila J , Baker Jason V , Pett Sarah L , Shaw-Saliba Kathryn , Esmail Aliasgar , Ho Minh Q , Almasri Eyad , Dewar Robin L , Lundgren Jens , Vock David M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Extrapulmonary complications (EPCs) are common in patients hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but data on their clinical consequences and association with viral replication and systemic viral dissemination are lacking.

Methods
Patients hospitalized for COVID-19 and enrolled in the Therapeutics for Inpatients with COVID-19 (TICO) platform trial at 114 international sites between August 2020 and November 2021 were included in a prospective cohort study. We categorized EPCs into 39 event types within 9 categories and estimated their frequency through day 28 and their association with clinical outcomes through day 90. We analyzed the association between baseline viral burden (plasma nucleocapsid antigen [N-Ag] level and upper airway viral load) and EPCs, adjusting for other baseline factors.

Results
A total of 2625 trial participants were included in the study. Their median age was 57 years (interquartile range, 46–68 years), 57.7% were male, and 537 (20.5%) had ≥1 EPC. EPCs were associated with higher day-90 all-cause mortality rate (hazard ratio, 9.6 [95% confidence interval, 7.3–12.7]) after adjustment for other risk factors. The risk of EPCs increased with increasing baseline plasma N-Ag level (hazard ratio, 1.21 per log10 ng/L increase [95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.34]), and upper airway viral load (1.12 per log10 copies/mL increase [1.04–1.19), after adjustment for comorbid conditions, disease severity, inflammatory markers, and other baseline factors. Trial treatment allocation had no effect on EPC risk.

Conclusions
Systemic viral dissemination as evidenced by high plasma N-Ag level and high respiratory viral burden are associated with development of EPCs in COVID-19, which in turn are associated with higher 90-day mortality rates.
Competition and Industrial Policies: Complementary Action for EU Competitiveness
Authors: Piechucka Joanna , Sauri-Romero Lluis , Smulders Ben 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper contributes to the current debate about competition and industrial policies, by illustrating their complementary role in fostering competitiveness and economic growth. Further market integration combined with effective competition policy can unleash the long-term competitive potential of EU firms. Effective competition in domestic markets contributes to the global competitiveness of firms, by incentivizing them to be more efficient and innovative. Preventing inefficient exercise of market power benefits final consumers as well as firms that have access to inputs of higher quality at lower costs. Pro-competitive industrial policies are required to realize the competitive potential of EU firms, notably in the areas of innovation, technological adoption, and decarbonization, characterized by externalities, miscoordination, public goods, and uncertainty. Similarly, public intervention is required to achieve greater economic resilience efficiently, while considering inevitable interdependencies in the global economy. A balance must be struck between avoiding harmful trade wars and supporting EU firms in a challenging international environment.
Frequentist Prediction Sets for Species Abundance using Indirect Information
Authors: Bersson Elizabeth , Hoff Peter D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Citizen science databases that consist of volunteer-led sampling efforts of species communities are relied on as essential sources of data in ecology. Summarising such data across counties with frequentist-valid prediction sets for each county provides an interpretable comparison across counties of varying size or composition. As citizen science data often feature unequal sampling efforts across a spatial domain, prediction sets constructed with indirect methods that share information across counties may be used to improve precision. In this article, we present a nonparametric framework to obtain precise prediction sets for a multinomial random sample based on indirect information that maintain frequentist coverage guarantees for each county. We detail a simple algorithm to obtain prediction sets for each county using indirect information where the computation time does not depend on the sample size and scales nicely with the number of species considered. The indirect information may be estimated by a proposed empirical Bayes procedure based on information from auxiliary data. Our approach makes inference for under-sampled counties more precise, while maintaining area-specific frequentist validity for each county. Our method is used to provide a useful description of avian species abundance in North Carolina, USA based on citizen science data from the eBird database.
Imprint of massive neutrinos on Persistent Homology of large-scale structure
Authors: Jalali Kanafi M H , Ansarifard S , Movahed S M S 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Exploiting the Persistent Homology technique and its complementary representations, we examine the footprint of summed neutrino mass ($M_{\nu }$) in the various density fields simulated by the publicly available Quijote suite. The evolution of topological features by utilizing the superlevel filtration on three-dimensional density fields at zero redshift, reveals a remarkable benchmark for constraining the cosmological parameters, particularly $M_{\nu }$ and $\sigma _8$. The abundance of independent closed surfaces (voids) compared to the connected components (clusters) and independent loops (filaments), is more sensitive to the presence of $M_{\nu }$ for $R=5$ Mpc $h^{-1}$ irrespective of whether using the total matter density field (m) or cold dark matter + baryons field ($\mathrm{ \mathrm{cb}}$). Reducing the degeneracy between $M_{\nu }$ and $\sigma _8$ is achieved via Persistent Homology for the m field but not for the $\mathrm{cb}$ field. The uncertainty of $M_{\nu }$ at $1\sigma$ confidenc interval from the joint analysis of Persistent Homology vectorization for the m and $\mathrm{cb}$ fields smoothed by $R=5$ Mpc $h^{-1}$ at $z=0$ reaches 0.0152 and 0.1242 eV, respectively. Noticing the use of the three-dimensional underlying density field at $z=0$, the mentioned uncertainties can be treated as the theoretical lower limits.
Compliance Rate With Triage Test and Treatment for Participants Screening Positive in Cervical Cancer Screening Programs
Authors: Wang Minmin , Maimaitiming Mailikezhati , Bi Yanxin , Jin Yinzi 
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To assess the rates of adherence to triage testing after positive screening results and referral to treatment for precancerous lesions in global cervical cancer screening programs.

DATA SOURCES:
We searched three electronic databases (Medline, EMBASE, and Web of Science) for articles published in the English language from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2023. We included studies reporting the compliance rate of triage testing and precancer treatment in cervical cancer screening programs. ClinicalTrials.gov was reviewed, and no more studies were identified.

METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION:
The combined search strategies identified 1,673 titles, of which 858 titles and abstracts were screened and 113 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. A total of 33 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis.

TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS:
Thirty-three studies were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The average compliance rate for women screening positive was 77.1% for triage testing and 69.4% for referral to treatment. Compliance varied by country income level, screening guideline approach, and target population.

CONCLUSION:
The current compliance rate was lower than the 90% target set by the World Health Organization's global strategy to eliminate cervical cancer. Inadequate follow-up of participants screening positive revealed a gap between the screening program and clinical care.
Global burden of thyroid cancer in 2022: Incidence and mortality estimates from GLOBOCAN
Authors: Lyu Zhangyan , Zhang Yu , Sheng Chao , Huang Yubei , Zhang Qiang , Chen Kexin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system. This study aimed to assess the global distribution of TC incidence and mortality in 2022, as well as to predict the burden for the year 2050.

Methods:
Data from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database were used to analyze the age-standardized incidence and mortality rates of TC by sex, age group (<55 years and ≥55 years), country, world region, and level of Human Development Index (HDI) for 185 countries. The predicted incidence and mortality burden for 2050 was calculated based on demographic projections.

Results:
In 2022, an estimated 821,214 new TC cases and 47,507 TC-related deaths occurred worldwide. The age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) and age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) were higher in women (ASIR: 13.60 per 100,000; ASMR: 0.53 per 100,000) than in men (ASIR: 4.60 per 100,000; ASMR: 0.35 per 100,000). The ASIR in high HDI countries was approximately ten times higher than that in low HDI countries for both sexes, with relatively similar ASMR across regions. Among 185 countries, China had the largest number of TC cases (accounting for 56.77% of total cases) and TC-related deaths (accounting for 24.35% of global TC-related deaths), with the highest ASIR in men (13.30 per 100,000). Worldwide, approximately 64.63% of TC cases occurred in populations under 55 years old, while nearly 82.99% of TC-related deaths occurred in populations aged 55 years and above. If the rates stay the same as in 2022, it is projected that approximately 1,100,000 new TC cases and 91,000 TC-related deaths will occur in 2050, indicating a 34.15% and 89.58% increase, respectively.

Conclusions:
TC is a highly frequent cancer worldwide with disparities across regions, genders, and age groups. Our results provide light on the worldwide TC disease burden and facilitate regionally customized prevention measures.
Prophylactic Buried Dermal Flap: A Simple Method for Axillary Reconstruction after Lymph Node Dissection
Authors: Fallah Kasra N. , Ahmed Shahnur , Venardi Andrew S. , Hulsman Luci A. , Fisher Carla S. , Ludwig Kandice K. , Lester Mary E. , Hassanein Aladdin H. 
Published: September 2024

Summary:
Breast cancer–related lymphedema is characterized by progressive limb enlargement and occurs in up to 30% of breast cancer patients following axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). Immediate lymphatic reconstruction (ILR) is a preventative technique used to reduce lymphedema rates by performing lymphovenous anastomoses of disrupted afferent lymphatics. This study presents a novel method of axillary reconstruction following ALND using a buried dermal flap that provides local tissue with intact subdermal lymphatics to the axillary dead space. A single-center retrospective review was performed to assess breast cancer patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy without reconstruction between 2018 and 2023. Groups were divided into those who had ILR alone (group 1) and those who had buried dermal flap with attempted ILR (group 2). There were 31 patients included in this study: 18 patients in group 1 and 13 patients in group 2. Patient demographics, comorbidities, and breast cancer history were similar between the groups. There was no significant difference in the mean number of lymphovenous anastomoses performed (1.6 versus 1.7, P = 0.84). Mean operative time of 224.4 ± 51.9 minutes in group 1 was similar to 223.4 ± 30.4 minutes in group 2 (P = 0.95). We introduce a novel method of axillary reconstruction following ALND using a buried dermal flap that is inset into the axillary dissection space and over the area of ILR. We propose that it is an efficient accessory procedure to augment ILR by providing supplementary intact lymphatic channels to the area of lymphatic injury, while obliterating the axillary dead space.
Association Between Sports Team Participation and Sunburn Among U.S. High School Students, National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, 2021
Authors: Holman Dawn M. , Jones Sherry Everett , Cornett Kelly A. , Mouhanna Farah 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Sunburn during adolescence increases a person's lifetime skin cancer risk. This study examines the association between sports team participation and sunburn prevalence among U.S. high school students. Using cross-sectional data from the 2021 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we compared sunburn prevalence among students who participated in one or more sports teams during the past 12 months to those who did not. Nationwide, 64.4% of high school students experienced one or more sunburns during the past 12 months, and 49.1% had played on one or more sports teams during the past 12 months. Sports team participation was associated with higher sunburn prevalence overall (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR], 1.2; 95% CI [1.2, 1.3]) and among female (aPR, 1.2; 95% CI [1.2, 1.3]) and male (aPR, 1.2; 95% CI [1.1, 1.3]) students. Sunburn prevalence is higher among student athletes than those who do not participate on sports teams. Evidence-based organizational policies and practices are available to help keep student athletes sun-safe while allowing them to enjoy the benefits of sports participation. Future research could examine the contexts in which high school students experience sunburn and why student athletes are at an increased risk.
Laryngeal mask vs. laryngeal tube trial in paediatric patients (LaMaTuPe): a single-blinded, open-label, randomised-controlled trial
Authors: Katzenschlager Stephan , Mohr Stefan , Kaltschmidt Nikolai , Peterstorfer Franziska , Weilbacher Frank , Günther Patrick , Ries Markus , Weigand Markus A. , Popp Erik 
Published: September 2024

Background
In hypoxemic children with difficult airway, or for minor elective procedures, the use of a supraglottic airway device may be preferred to endotracheal intubation, whether with a laryngeal mask or laryngeal tube. Second-generation laryngeal masks may offer a better safety profile. Whether they should be preferred to laryngeal tubes is unknown. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of second-generation laryngeal masks and laryngeal tubes in children.

Methods
This randomised-controlled trial was conducted in a single university hospital in children <18 years undergoing elective anaesthesia in urology, minor paediatric surgery and gynaecology. Patients were 1 : 1 randomised to the laryngeal mask or laryngeal tube group. Children were allocated a second-generation laryngeal tube or a second-generation laryngeal mask as the primary airway device. The primary endpoint was insertion time. Secondary endpoints included first-attempt success, overall success and complications, which included hypoxia (SpO2 < 90%), laryngospasm, bronchospasm, aspiration and bleeding.

Results
In total, 135 patients were randomised, with 61 allocated to the laryngeal tube and 74 to the laryngeal mask group, with a median age of 5.4 and 4.9 years, respectively. Median insertion time was significantly longer in the laryngeal tube group (37 vs. 31 s; difference of medians: 6.0 s; 95% confidence interval: 0.0–13.0). The laryngeal tube had a significantly lower first-attempt (41.0%) and overall success rate (45.9%) than the laryngeal mask (90.5% and 97.3%, respectively). Those allocated to the laryngeal tube group had a higher ratio of complications (27.8%) compared to the laryngeal mask group (2.7%).

Conclusion
This randomised-controlled trial reported that in children undergoing elective anaesthesia, the use of a laryngeal tube was associated with a longer insertion time.
Evaluation of jaw pathologies of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw using a computer program to assess the bone scan index: comparison of standardized uptake values with bone SPECT/CT
Authors: Shirai Ai , Ogura Ichiro 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
The aim of this study is to investigate the jaw pathologies of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) using a computer program to assess the bone scan index (BSI), especially comparison of standardized uptake values (SUVs) with bone single-photon emission-computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT).

Methods
Sixty-three patients with MRONJ underwent bone SPECT/CT in this prospective study. BSI and high-risk hot spot as bone metastases in the patients with MRONJ were evaluated using a computer program for BSI that scanned SPECT/CT and automatically defined the data. The maximum and mean SUVs with SPECT/CT were obtained using commercially available software. Statistical analyses were performed by Pearson chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U-test, or one-way analysis of variance with Tukey’s honestly significant difference test. A P value lower than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The maximum and mean SUVs for a high-risk hot spot of the jaw with MRONJ [28.2 ± 10.2 and 11.7 ± 3.8; n = 6 (6/63 : 9.5%)] were significantly higher than those for a low-risk hot spot [18.5 ± 6.4 and 6.2 ± 1.9; n = 23 (23/63 : 36.5%)] and no-risk hot spot [14.2 ± 9.4 and 5.3 ± 5.1; n = 34 (34/63 : 54.0%)], respectively.

Conclusion
The computer program for BSI indicated that 9.5% of the jaw with MRONJ were false positive of bone metastases. The study suggests that high-risk hot spots of the jaw with MRONJ depend on the SUVs.