bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving the outcoupling efficiency of white organic light-emitting devices based on a gradient refractive index substrate
Authors: Chang Chih-Hao , Chang Tzu-Fang , Liang Yi-Hua , Lo Yu-Jhong , Wu Ying-Jie , Chang Hsin-Hua 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
For use in lighting applications, white organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) must operate at higher biases to ensure an ample flux. However, stressed operation voltages often result in poor performance and limited device lifetime. This could be addressed by modifying the inherent optical properties of OLEDs. This study proposes a gradient refractive index (GRIN) substrate to adjust the ratio of the light-waveguided modes as well as the radiation mode. An embedded nanocomposite film consisting of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) was inserted between ITO and glass to create an internal light-extraction structure (IES). The high refractive index of TiO2 is essential for increasing the refractive index of the photoresist film and thus diminishing the total internal reflection between the interfaces. In addition, the silicon dioxide NPs mixed poly(dimethylsiloxane) was used to form an external light-extraction structure (EES). The refractive indices of the IES and EES were adjusted to form a GRIN substrate. Compared with a control device, this sophisticated substrate produced a 1.6 fold efficiency improvement. Furthermore, the experiment results indicates that the size of NPs in the nanocomposite layer affects the efficiency enhancement of OLEDs with different emission colors.
Implantable imaging device for brain functional imaging system using flavoprotein fluorescence
Authors: Sunaga Yoshinori , Yamaura Hiroshi , Haruta Makito , Yamaguchi Takahiro , Motoyama Mayumi , Ohta Yasumi , Takehara Hiroaki , Noda Toshihiko , Sasagawa Kiyotaka , Tokuda Takashi , Yoshimura Yumiko , Ohta Jun 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The autofluorescence of mitochondrial flavoprotein is very useful for functional brain imaging because the fluorescence intensity of flavoprotein changes as per neural activities. In this study, we developed an implantable imaging device for green fluorescence imaging and detected fluorescence changes of flavoprotein associated with visual stimulation using the device. We examined the device performance using anesthetized mice. We set the device on the visual cortex and measured fluorescence changes of flavoprotein in response to visual stimulation. A full-field sinusoidal grating with a vertical orientation was used for applying to activate the visual cortex. We successfully observed visually evoked fluorescence changes in the mouse visual cortex using our implantable device. This result suggests that we can observe the fluorescence changes of flavoprotein associated with visual stimulation in a freely moving mouse by using this technology.
Skin Cancer and Other Dermatologic Conditions Among US Veterans
Authors: Rezaei Shawheen J. , Kim Jiyeong , Onyeka Sonia , Swetter Susan M. , Weinstock Martin A. , Asch Steven M. , Linos Eleni 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceUS veterans may be at an increased risk of developing various dermatologic conditions compared with nonveterans.ObjectivesTo compare the prevalence and the odds of dermatologic conditions (eg, skin cancers, dermatitis/eczema/rash, psoriasis) between veterans and nonveterans.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis population-based cross-sectional study leveraged nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Three questionnaires (demographics, medical conditions, and dermatology) were merged from 1999-2018 for analysis. Participants were nonveterans and veterans from NHANES data. Data were analyzed from August 2023 to April 2024.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe prevalence and odds ratios (ORs) comparing veterans and nonveterans were examined for various dermatologic conditions, including self-reported skin cancer history (any skin cancer, melanoma, nonmelanoma and unknown subtypes), dermatitis/eczema/inflamed rash, and psoriasis.ResultsIn a total of 61 307 participants (54 554 nonveterans and 6753 veterans), there was a higher prevalence of any skin cancer history among US veterans compared with nonveterans (9.0% vs 2.9%; P &amp;lt; .001) as well as a higher prevalence of melanoma history (2.2% vs 0.6%; P &amp;lt; .001). Adjusted for demographic factors, veterans had higher odds of any skin cancer history (OR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.23-2.40) and higher odds of a melanoma history (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.17-4.39) compared with nonveterans. Veterans had a higher prevalence of a psoriasis diagnosis compared with nonveterans (4.5% vs 2.9%; P = .002) and a 61% higher odds of a psoriasis diagnosis (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.05-2.46) compared with nonveterans.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cross-sectional study found that veterans have higher prevalence and odds of various dermatologic conditions compared with nonveterans. Efforts aimed at improving health care quality among veterans must investigate the underlying causes of worsened skin health in this population.
Bringing Imaging Biomarkers Into Clinical Reality in Psychiatry
Authors: Etkin Amit , Mathalon Daniel H. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceAdvancing precision psychiatry, where treatments are based on an individual’s biology rather than solely their clinical presentation, requires attention to several key attributes for any candidate biomarker. These include test-retest reliability, sensitivity to relevant neurophysiology, cost-effectiveness, and scalability. Unfortunately, these issues have not been systematically addressed by biomarker development efforts that use common neuroimaging tools like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalography (EEG). Here, the critical barriers that neuroimaging methods will need to overcome to achieve clinical relevance in the near to intermediate term are examined.ObservationsReliability is often overlooked, which together with sensitivity to key aspects of neurophysiology and replicated predictive utility, favors EEG-based methods. The principal barrier for EEG has been the lack of large-scale data collection among multisite psychiatric consortia. By contrast, despite its high reliability, structural MRI has not demonstrated clinical utility in psychiatry, which may be due to its limited sensitivity to psychiatry-relevant neurophysiology. Given the prevalence of structural MRIs, establishment of a compelling clinical use case remains its principal barrier. By contrast, low reliability and difficulty in standardizing collection are the principal barriers for functional MRI, along with the need for demonstration that its superior spatial resolution over EEG and ability to directly image subcortical regions in fact provide unique clinical value. Often missing, moreover, is consideration of how these various scientific issues can be balanced against practical economic realities of psychiatric health care delivery today, for which embedding economic modeling into biomarker development efforts may help direct research efforts.Conclusions and RelevanceEEG seems most ripe for near- to intermediate-term clinical impact, especially considering its scalability and cost-effectiveness. Recent efforts to broaden its collection, as well as development of low-cost turnkey systems, suggest a promising pathway by which neuroimaging can impact clinical care. Continued MRI research focused on its key barriers may hold promise for longer-horizon utility.
Comparison of Three Physician Global Assessment Instruments in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: Ross Laura , Hansen Dylan , Proudman Susanna , Walker Jennifer , Kumar Kimti , Stevens Wendy , Ferdowsi Nava , Sahhar Joanne , Ngian Gene‐Siew , Apostolopoulos Diane , Host Lauren V. , Morrisroe Kathleen , Major Gabor , Baron Murray , Nikpour Mandana 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivePhysician global assessments (PhyGAs) are variably applied in systemic sclerosis (SSc) clinical trials. The comparability of different PhyGA results is unknown. We sought to assess the comparability of results from three different PhyGA instruments simultaneously applied in the Australian Scleroderma Cohort Study (ASCS).MethodsUsing data from 1,965 ASCS participants, we assessed the correlation between results of three PhyGA assessments: (1) overall health, (2) activity, and (3) damage. We evaluated the concordance of change in each PhyGA between study visits. Ordered logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the clinical associations of each PhyGA.ResultsThe absolute scores of each PhyGA were strongly correlated at individual study visits. Concordant changes of the PhyGA scores occurred between 50% of study visits. Only patient‐reported breathlessness was associated with all three PhyGA scores (overall health: odds ratio [OR] 1.67, P < 0.01; activity: OR 1.44, P < 0.01; damage: OR 1.32, P < 0.01). Changes in physician‐assessed activity scores were also associated with patient‐reported worsening skin disease (OR 1.25, P = 0.03) and fecal incontinence (OR 1.23, P = 0.01), whereas damage scores were associated with respiratory disease (pulmonary arterial hypertension: OR 1.25, P = 0.03; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: OR 1.37, P = 0.04), as well as skin scores (OR 1.02, P < 0.01) and fecal incontinence (OR 1.21, P = 0.02).ConclusionPhyGAs of overall health, activity, and damage are each associated with different SSc features, and changes in different PhyGA scores are discordant 50% of the time. Our findings suggest results of variably worded PhyGAs are not directly interchangeable and support the development of a standardized PhyGA.
Recipe for Simultaneously Achieving Customizable Sound Absorption and Mechanical Properties in Lattice Structures
Authors: Li Xinwei , Ding Shuwei , Wang Xinxin , Tan Seng Leong Adrian , Zhai Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLattice structures with customizable acoustical and mechanical properties show significant promise as practical engineering materials. However, the geometry of traditional lattice structures simultaneously dictates both acoustical and mechanical properties, with alterations in one impacting the other, leaving little room for customization. Herein, leveraging the mechanism of Helmholtz resonators, a general recipe is presented to independently introduce sound absorption and mechanical properties in lattice structures. The sound absorption component is based on a perforated plate, while the mechanical component is based on a truss structure. Through a high‐fidelity analytical acoustics model is developed, and finite element analysis outlines the range of properties achievable through the proposed structures. The design encompasses structures with effective absorption, characterized by a resonance peak with coefficient ≥0.7, across almost every frequency in a broad range from 1000 to 5000 Hz, within a range of lattice thicknesses from 21 to 25.5 mm. Also, diverse range of stiffness and strength, and large‐strain deformation modes, can be achieved through the implementation of different trusses. Finally, the concept is validated experimentally through 3D‐printed samples. This innovative approach allows for the tailored creation of lattice structures that specifically address the acoustical and mechanical requirements in diverse applications.
Fibonacci‐Array Inspired Modular Acoustic Metamaterials for Tunable Low‐Frequency Absorption
Authors: Guo Zichao , Li Zhendong , Zeng Kexin , Ye Jie , Lu Xinying , Lei Ziping , Wang Zhonggang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA customized metamaterial tailored for a specific functionality holds significant appeal in practical applications, yet its alteration after the structure is established can be challenging. A novel design for Fibonacci‐array inspired acoustic metamaterials is introduced, which are constructed using metamaterial bricks with unique physical mechanisms. This design aims to achieve multifunctional low‐frequency sound absorption. The Fibonacci sequence arrangement flexibly modulates the coupling between metamaterial bricks, thereby improving energy‐dissipating efficiency. Additionally, the strategic alignment enhances the wave‐absorbing properties of the metamaterial, allowing it to demonstrate remarkable absorption effects across targeted frequency bands. By controlling the resonance effect of metamaterial bricks in intensive and sparse modes, the proposed design exhibited frequency‐selective performance, resulting in three absorption peaks at 323, 687, and 1113 Hz, respectively, across low‐ to high‐frequency ranges. Furthermore, the broadband absorption performance, characterized by strong coupling strength, enables continuous sound absorption over a low‐frequency band from 290 to 440 Hz. This is supported by theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental results, showcasing the flexible modulation of the propagation characteristics of sound waves. Overall, this functionally actuated design dramatically enhances the tunability of the metamaterials and offers a promising avenue for multifunctional application in noise‐control engineering.
Zosuquidar Promotes Antitumor Immunity by Inducing Autophagic Degradation of PD‐L1
Authors: Ding Ling , Guo Hongjie , Zhang Jie , Zheng Mingming , Zhang Wenjie , Wang Longsheng , Du Qianqian , Zhou Chen , Xu Yanjun , Wu Honghai , He Qiaojun , Yang Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe intracellular distribution and transportation process are essential for maintaining PD‐L1 (programmed death‐ligand 1) expression, and intervening in this cellular process may provide promising therapeutic strategies. Here, through a cell‐based high content screening, it is found that the ABCB1 (ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1) modulator zosuquidar dramatically suppresses PD‐L1 expression by triggering its autophagic degradation. Mechanistically, ABCB1 interacts with PD‐L1 and impairs COP II‐mediated PD‐L1 transport from ER (endoplasmic reticulum) to Golgi apparatus. The treatment of zosuquidar enhances ABCB1‐PD‐L1 interaction and leads the ER retention of PD‐L1, which is subsequently degraded in the SQSTM1‐dependent selective autophagy pathway. In CT26 mouse model and a humanized xenograft mouse model, zosuquidar significantly suppresses tumor growth and accompanies by increased infiltration of cytotoxic T cells. In summary, this study indicates that ABCB1 serves as a negative regulator of PD‐L1, and zosuquidar may act as a potential immunotherapy agent by triggering PD‐L1 degradation in the early secretory pathway.
Sleep Deprivation Triggers the Excessive Activation of Ovarian Primordial Follicles via β2 Adrenergic Receptor Signaling
Authors: Weng Lichun , Hong Hanqing , Zhang Qinyu , Xiao Chengqi , Zhang Qiuwan , Wang Qian , Huang Ju , Lai Dongmei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSleep deprivation (SD) is observed to adversely affect the reproductive health of women. However, its precise physiological mechanisms remain largely elusive. In this study, using a mouse model of SD, it is demonstrated that SD induces the depletion of ovarian primordial follicles, a phenomenon not attributed to immune‐mediated attacks or sympathetic nervous system activation. Rather, the excessive secretion of stress hormones, namely norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E), by overactive adrenal glands, has emerged as a key mediator. The communication pathway mediated by the KIT ligand (KITL)‐KIT between granulosa cells and oocytes plays a pivotal role in primordial follicle activation. SD heightened the levels of NE/E that stimulates the activation of the KITL‐KIT/PI3K and mTOR signaling cascade in an β2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2)‐dependent manner, thereby promoting primordial follicle activation and consequent primordial follicle loss in vivo. In vitro experiments further corroborate these observations, revealing that ADRB2 upregulates KITL expression in granulosa cells via the activation of the downstream cAMP/PKA pathway. Together, these results reveal the significant involvement of ADRB2 signaling in the depletion of ovarian primordial follicles under sleep‐deprived conditions. Additionally, ADRB2 antagonists are proposed for the treatment or prevention of excessive activation of primordial follicles induced by SD.
Optimization of process plant layout using critical risk metrics
Authors: Dasari Abhi Manjunath , Kothari Nisarg Ashish , Reddy Gaurav , Dhinoja Kushal , Roy Sandip 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn optimal process plant layout needs to ensure that the associated piping and land costs are minimized, while the overall safety is maximized. Although various approaches to optimizing plant layout exists in the literature, none considers the essential need for simultaneous compliance with local risk regulations. Employing mixed‐integer nonlinear programming, this article presents a methodology to enable design of layout of a major hazard plant, while simultaneously achieving conformity with both applicable individual and societal risk acceptance criteria. The algorithm is applied to a model plant which poses hazards of toxic gas releases, fires, and explosions. Additional risks of domino effects due to fires and explosions are also incorporated. The results of the article suggest that the approach can be employed to automate any plant layout optimization exercise while ensuring regulatory compliance concurrently. The proposed approach can help substitute the iterative, manual process that is presently applied in practice.
Catalytic Dearomative Cycloaddition Reactions Enabled by Visible Light
Authors: Saha Debajyoti 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of polycyclic compounds is highly valued due to the ubiquitous presence of these structures in pharmaceuticals and natural substances. Cycloaddition reactions are notable as one of the most important reaction classes in chemical synthesis due to their ability to generate polycyclic compounds in a single step using straightforward and easily accessible starting materials. In recent times, visible‐light‐mediated photocatalysis has emerged as a powerful tool for enabling a wide range of transformations. Significant advancements have been achieved in dearomative cycloaddition reactions induced by visible light over the past several years. This review offers an overview of visible‐light‐induced dearomative cycloaddition reactions categorized according to the method of substrate excitation ‐ a) Visible light induced dearomative photocatalytic cycloaddition by Energy Transfer (EnT); b) Visible light induced dearomative cycloaddition by direct excitation; c) Visible light induced dearomative radical cyclization.
On Regular Negative Mass Black Holes Under Unitary Time and Proper Antichronous Transformations
Authors: Uruena Palomo Manuel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA non‐singular black hole solution is briefly presented which violates energy conditions only at its interior by postulating a consistent shift to negative energies and gravitationally repulsive negative masses at the event horizon. This shift is the unitary parity‐time transformation of relativistic quantum mechanics and the proper antichronous transformation of the full Lorentz group. The transformation at the event horizon respects Einstein's equivalence principle, and the considered negative mass interaction does not result in the runaway motion paradox or vacuum instability. The correspondence of these regular black holes with observed ones is studied by proposing another mechanism of black hole growth independent of accretion and merging due to interior increasing entropy, which attempts to solve the unexplained size and formation of high‐redshift supermassive black holes, the intermediate mass gap, and the information paradox.
Unlocking the Anion Effect on Steerable Production of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Liang Jie , Liu Chao , Jiang Jianchun , Wang Kui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHomogeneous metal salt catalysts play a pivotal role in industrial production of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF). Herein, we first proposed the anion effect on steerable production of HMF using metal salts with different anions as catalyst in a biphasic system of tetrahydrofuran (THF)/NaCl aqueous solution (NaCl aq). Notably, the anions affected the catalytic activity of the metal salts, leading to an order of magnitude difference in the HMF yields, i.e., AlBr3 (74.0 mol %)>AlCl3 (60.8 mol %)>Al2(SO4)3 (35.2 mol %)>Al(NO3)3 (14.9 mol %). The anion effect on steerable production of HMF could be attributed to the proximity effect and electron tension. Anions form close‐range interactions with glucose molecules by proximity effect to promote electron transfer, facilitating the isomerization of glucose to fructose. Besides, anions induce a reduction of the electron cloud density of glucose carbon atoms, generating electron tension that rapidly transforms glucose from the ground state to the transition state, thereby increasing the HMF yield. Based on the revelation of anions effect and evaluation of techno‐economic process, we expect to provides theoretical guidance for high‐throughput screening of metal salt catalysts in industrial biorefinery.
Unveiling Ionized Interfacial Water‐Induced Localized H* Enrichment for Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction
Authors: Zheng Su‐Jun , Dong Xiao‐Yu , Chen Hong , Huang Ren‐Wu , Cai Jinmeng , Zang Shuang‐Quan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) is a process that requires the participation of eight electrons and nine protons. The regulation of active hydrogen (H*) supply and a deep understanding of related processes are necessary for improving the ammonia yield rate and Faradaic efficiency (FE). Herein, we synthesized a series of atomically precise copper‐halide clusters Cu2X2(BINAP)2 (X=Cl, Br, I), among which the Cu2Cl2(BINAP)2 cluster shows the optimal ammonia FE of 94.0 % and an ammonia yield rate of 373 μmol h−1 cm−2. In situ experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that halogen atoms, especially Cl in Cu2Cl2(BIANP)2, can significantly affect the distance of alkali metal‐ionized water on the catalyst surface, which can promote the water dissociation to enhance the localized H* enrichment for the continues hydrogenation of nitrate to ammonia. This work explains the role of H* in the hydrogenation process of NO3RR and the importance of localized H* enrichment strategy for improving the FEs.
Cobalt‐Catalyzed Regio‐, Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Reductive Coupling of 1,3‐Dienes and Aldehydes
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Danrui , Wang Shilin , Chong Qinglei , Zhang Zhihan , Meng Fanke 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCatalytic regio‐, diastereo‐ and enantioselective reductive coupling of 1,3‐dienes and aldehydes through regio‐ and enantioselective oxidative cyclization followed by regio‐ and diastereoselective protonation promoted by a chiral phosphine‐cobalt complex is presented. Such processes represent an unprecedented reaction pathway for cobalt catalysis that enable selective transformation of the more substituted alkene in 1,3‐dienes, affording a broad scope of bishomoallylic alcohols without the need of pre‐formation of stoichiometric amounts of sensitive organometallic reagents in up to 98 % yield, >98 : 2 regioselectivity, >98 : 2 dr and 98 : 2 er. Application of this method to construction of axial stereogenicity and deuterated stereogenic center provided a wide range of multifunctional chiral building blocks that are otherwise difficult to access. DFT calculations revealed the origin of regio‐ and stereoselectivity as well as a unique oxidative cyclization mechanism for cobalt catalysis.