bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Guidelines for Skeletal Survey in Young Children With Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Paine Christine Weirich , Scribano Philip V. , Localio Russell , Wood Joanne N. 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:As evidenced by the variation and disparities in evaluation, there is uncertainty in determining which young children with intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) should undergo evaluation with skeletal survey (SS) for additional injuries concerning for abuse. We aimed to develop guidelines for performing initial SS in children &lt;24 months old presenting with ICH by combining available evidence from the literature with expert opinion.METHODS:Using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method, a multispecialty panel of 12 experts used the literature and their own clinical expertise to rate the appropriateness of performing SS for 216 scenarios characterizing children &lt;24 months old with ICH. After a moderated discussion of initial ratings, the scenarios were revised. Panelists re-rated SS appropriateness for 74 revised scenarios. For the 63 scenarios in which SS was deemed appropriate, the panel rated the necessity of SS.RESULTS:Panelists concluded that SS is appropriate for 85% (63), uncertain for 15% (11), and inappropriate for 0% of scenarios. Panelists determined that SS is necessary in all scenarios deemed appropriate. SS was deemed necessary for infants &lt;6 months old and for children &lt;24 months old with subdural hemorrhage that is not tiny and under a skull fracture. For children 6 to 23 months old with epidural hemorrhage, necessity of SS depended on the child’s age, history of trauma, signs/symptoms, and ICH characteristics.CONCLUSIONS:The resulting clinical guidelines call for near-universal evaluation in children &lt;24 months old presenting with ICH. Detailed, validated guidelines that are successfully implemented may decrease variation and disparities in care.
OS RISCOS ENFRENTADOS PELOS PROFISSIONAIS DE ENFERMAGEM NO EXERCÍCIO DA ATIVIDADE LABORAL
Authors: Neves Paiva de Araújo Silvani 
Published: March 2016

Os riscos ocupacionais estão presentes constantemente no cotidiano dos profissionais de enfermagem através de situações que podem ocasionar o desequilíbrio físico, mental e social dos mesmos. O estudo teve como objetivo compreender e evidenciar os riscos enfrentados pelos profissionais de enfermagem na realização do processo de cuidar, verificando os desgastes sofridos por estes impactos na saúde destes trabalhadores ao exercer sua atividade laboral. Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática com revisão da literatura. Obteve como resultado que diversas cargas e desgastes conduzem a problemas na saúde destes funcionários, bem como alto índice de absenteísmo.
A ATUAÇÃO DO(A) ENFERMEIRO(A) NA PROMOÇÃO, INCENTIVO E APOIO AO ALEITAMENTO MATERNO: REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA
Authors: Santos Marinho Maykon Dos , Andrade Everaldo Nery de , Abrão Ana Cristina Freitas de Vilhena 
Published: March 2016

O(A) enfermeiro(a) tem um importante papel durante o pré-natal, são por meio de suas práticas e atitudes que estes profissionais podem incentivar a amamentação e apoiar as nutrizes, evitando assim dúvidas e o desmame precoce. O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação do(a) enfermeiro(a) na promoção, incentivo e apoio ao aleitamento materno. Trata-se, portanto, de uma pesquisa exploratória de caráter bibliográfico. Realizou uma busca com os descritores: Aleitamento materno; Enfermagen; Educação em saúde na base de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Analisaram-se dez artigos que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão previamente estabelecidos. Observou-se que nos dez artigos pesquisados o(a) enfermeiro(a) é destacado como agente disseminador da promoção, do incentivo e apoio ao aleitamento materno. Este estudo permitiu depreender a importância do profissional enfermeiro(a) atuando e orientando as gestantes quanto à promoção, incentivo e apoio ao aleitamento materno.
OSTEOPOROSE: UMA ANÁLISE FISIOPATOLÓGICA VOLTADA PARA OS PROFISSIONAIS DA ENFERMAGEM
Authors: Farias Lailla Thayse Macedo , Libório Lago Cristiana Da Costa , Clarêncio Jorge 
Published: March 2016

A osteoporose é um distúrbio osteometabólico em que a ressorção é maior que a deposição, resultando em matriz óssea total reduzida e ossos mais frágeis devido à redução da densidade mineral. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a fisiopatologia da osteoporose, a fim de subsidiar a atuação dos profissionais de enfermagem de modo preventivo e terapêutico. Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura de natureza descritiva. Realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico nas bases de dados Scielo, LILACS e MEDLINE, compreendidas no período de 2001 a 2015. Resultando em 29 publicações, nos idiomas português, inglês e alemão. A osteoporose afeta predominantemente mulheres brancas, pós-menopausa, não-obesas e com histórico familiar da doença. A baixa ingestão de cálcio e vitamina D, tabagismo, bebida alcoólica e cafeína em excesso estão associadas ao distúrbio. A densitometria óssea é utilizada como exame padrão. Entretanto, a ultrassonometria óssea de calcâneo é um método eficiente e barato para detecção precoce. O tratamento é realizado por meio da suplementação de cálcio e vitamina D, drogas anti-reabsortivas e/ou anabólicas e atividades físicas. Os cuidados da enfermagem envolvem a promoção da saúde, identificação das pessoas em risco de osteoporose, reconhecimento de problemas associados, instrução do paciente quanto à suplementação de cálcio e vitamina D e prevenção de lesões espontâneas decorrentes da osteoporose. O conhecimento da fisiopatologia da osteoporose capacita o profissional da enfermagem para atuar de forma mais integrada tanto na prevenção, através da identificação dos fatores de risco, como também no tratamento multidisciplinar.
Disability, Narrative, and Moral Status
Authors: Purcell Elizabeth B. 
Published: March 2016

The present essay aims to respond to recent arguments which maintain that persons with severe cognitive impairments should not enjoy the full moral status or equal dignity as other "cognitively-able" humans. In the debate concerning moral standing and worth, philosophers Singer and McMahan have argued that individuals with certain impairments should not be granted full moral status and therefore, by extension, should not be awarded the same inviolability as humans without cognitive impairments. In response, I argue that an overlooked social ability – the capacity to narrate – provides grounds for the full moral status of individuals with severe cognitive impairments, and thus provides a defense and support for individuals with such "disabilities" to play a robust role in moral action and contribution to human living.
Virtual realities: The use of violent video games in U.S. military recruitment and treatment of mental disability caused by war
Authors: Derby John 
Published: March 2016

This article critically analyzes the U.S. military's contradictory use of violent video gaming technologies for recruiting young gamers to the military, training soldiers for combat, and clinically treating soldiers for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) caused by military service. Using a Disability Studies lens, I discuss the commercial video game Full Spectrum Leader/Warrior, the U.S. Army's free video game America's Army, and the virtual reality exposure therapy application Virtual Iraq. I also discuss missions and omissions from the literature on these gaming technologies, which bolsters the underlying ableism of military culture that inhibits soldiers from recovering from PTSD.
An Integrated Approach To Teaching Web Development
Authors: Hauser Karina , Olsen David , Fadel Kelly 
Published: March 2016

The growing use of the Internet has led to a steep increase in the demand for web developers who possess web design, database, and programming skills. The demand for these skills is reflected in the new IS2007 model curriculum, which suggests that web developers obtain in-depth knowledge of databases and web programming. While these topics are commonly covered in Information Systems (IS) curricula, they are traditionally taught independently in separate courses, leaving students with a fragmented view of how to integrate the various components of a data-driven web application. Research on learning has shown that activation of existing knowledge is an important step in the learning process. This study shows how a common business case can be used to support the activation of existing knowledge in different classes related to web development. The detailed examples show how to use the same business case to teach database, web design, and programming skills.
IT Knowledge: What Do Accounting Students Think They Know? Do You Know More Than I Do? An Exploratory Study
Authors: Strong Joel , Portz Kris 
Published: March 2016

In recognition of the growing role of information technology (IT) in teaching accounting, we surveyed students at three Midwestern universities to determine their self-reported knowledge levels of 36 specific information technologies and difference in those IT knowledge levels between universities. Unlike other areas of accounting, there are no set standards for the IT curriculum for accounting education. Because of this, we expect to find significant differences in IT knowledge between these three universities. These findings are analyzed in light of authoritative guidance on appropriate accounting technology topics and research on the current status of IT in accounting education. We find accounting students have a low level of self-perceived IT knowledge. These students are not proficient in requisite technologies even after completing most of their undergraduate course work. We also find that there are significant differences in IT knowledge between the three universities in the study. These findings imply that we may be doing a disservice to accounting students and the accounting profession by not having a set IT curriculum. We conclude that it is time to assess IT knowledge and IT skill requirements necessary for accounting students and develop a standard IT curriculum in accounting education.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Industrial Development in Nigeria
Authors: AIYEDOGBON John O. , ANYANWU Sarah O. 
Published: March 2016

<p>The paper focuses on the impact of macroeconomic determinants on industrial productivity in Nigeria for the period, 1981-2013. It was discovered that while the Nigerian government had embarked on a number of industrial development strategies with the sole purpose of boasting industrial productivity in Nigeria, they seem to have yielded little or no result. The macroeconomic variables in the study include industrial production index, exchange rate, consumer price index, interest rate, broad money supply, foreign direct investment, credit to manufacturing sector and gross domestic product. The study employed OLS technique and found that exchange rate exert significant positive impact on industrial productivity in Nigeria. Also, the impact of interest rate, FDI and real GDP on industrial production index is positive. On the other hand, consumer price index, broad money supply and credit to manufacturing sector exert negative impact on industrial development in Nigeria. The paper recommended that a workable M2 that can enhance credit to manufacturing sector and at the same time control interest rate to boast investment should be determined.</p>
Totems and Pantheons: Paradigmatic Muses in Achebe’s Poetry
Authors: OKOYE Chike , ASIKA Ikechukwu Emmanuel 
Published: March 2016

<p>Poetry is arguably the most ancient, direct and forceful genre of literature; whether written or oral. African’s foremost novelist and widely acclaimed father of literature, Nigeria’s Chinua Achebe, is mostly known for his prose works, especially the novel Things Fall Apart. Little comparatively, is known of his poetry. But the fact remains that Achebe is a good poet as he is widely recognized as a good novelist. Although the scale of preference tilts more to his prose works than poetry nevertheless; he made lasting impressions and remarks with his poems which are worthy of note. The collection, Beware Soul Brother exists to bear testimony on the personality of Achebe as a poet and what poetry achieves in society. Incidentally, his collection of poems, Beware Soul Brother is a veritable and worthwhile corpus of his characteristic package of Igbo lore, reminiscences, experiences and unique writing style; in the grand genre of poetry. Select poems in the collection make deft use of Igbo religious and cultural tenets which Achebe the poet masterfully weaves as muse, paradigm and cultural rooting in order to portray the Igbo cosmology and worldview. This paper explores his art and style in presenting the gods, totems and guiding ancestral wisdom of the rich, ancient lore of the Igbo. Select poems from the collection form the crux and illustrations of the thrust of this paper and demonstrates Achebe’s strong affinity with the cultural artefacts of his native custom. The implications of these in his culture are also predicated on his poems for effectiveness and to achieve a desired goal of portraying the poet as not just purveyor of his native custom and tenets but a crusader who preaches for social restoration and the need to mend walls and build bridges after years of war and wreckages.</p>
Terrestrial plants and marine algae from the Late Jurassic lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean (Lozère, southern France)
Authors: Moreau Jean-David , Baret Louis , Lafaurie Gérard , Chateau-Smith Carmela 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
A new Late Jurassic flora was discovered in the fossiliferous lithographic limestone of the Causse Méjean, Lozère (southern France). It consists of the first Kimmeridgian/Tithonian plants from this area. Fossil plants are represented by megaremains preserved as impressions. This flora shows a co-occurrence of terrestrial plants and marine algae. The land plants include vegetative remains ascribed to bennettitaleans (Zamites Brongniart, 1828), conifers (Brachyphyllum Brongniart, 1828), and pteridosperms (Cycadopteris Zigno, 1853). Marine algae were ascribed to dasyclads (Goniolina D’Orbigny, 1850). Lithological and palaeontological features suggest preservation in a flat, homogeneous, protected environment, perhaps a brackish or marine lagoon, influenced by both continental and marine inputs. This discovery complements the few existing reports of European Late Jurassic floras, and indicates that coastal habitats were dominated by sub-arborescent vegetation, consisting of bennettitaleans and pteridosperms, and arborescent plants, such as conifers. Both the palaeoenvironmental context and certain xerophytic features suggest that these terrestrial plants from the Causse Méjean were well adapted to the hot, dry conditions of coastal areas.
Diabetes and Prediabetes and Risk of Hospitalization: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study
Authors: Schneider Andrea L.C. , Kalyani Rita R. , Golden Sherita , Stearns Sally C. , Wruck Lisa , Yeh Hsin Chieh , Coresh Josef , Selvin Elizabeth 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE
To examine the magnitude and types of hospitalizations among persons with prediabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and diagnosed diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This study included 13,522 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (mean age 57 years, 56% female, 24% black, 18% with prediabetes, 4% with undiagnosed diabetes, 9% with diagnosed diabetes) with follow-up in 1990–2011 for hospitalizations. Participants were categorized by diabetes/HbA1c status: without diagnosed diabetes, HbA1c &lt;5.7% (reference); prediabetes, 5.7 to &lt;6.5%; undiagnosed diabetes, ≥6.5%; and diagnosed diabetes, &lt;7.0 and ≥7.0%.

RESULTS
Demographic adjusted rates per 1,000 person-years of all-cause hospitalizations were higher with increasing diabetes/HbA1c category (Ptrend &lt; 0.001). Persons with diagnosed diabetes and HbA1c ≥7.0% had the highest rates of hospitalization (3.1 times higher than those without a history of diagnosed diabetes, HbA1c &lt;5.7%, and 1.5 times higher than those with diagnosed diabetes, HbA1c &lt;7.0%, P &lt; 0.001 for both comparisons). Persons with undiagnosed diabetes had 1.6 times higher rates of hospitalization and those with prediabetes had 1.3 times higher rates of hospitalization than those without diabetes and HbA1c &lt;5.7% (P &lt; 0.001 for both comparisons). Rates of hospitalization by diabetes/HbA1c category were different by race (Pinteraction = 0.011) and by sex (Pinteraction = 0.020). There were significantly excess rates of hospitalizations due to cardiovascular, endocrine, respiratory, gastrointestinal, iatrogenic/injury, neoplasm, genitourinary, neurologic, and infection causes among those with diagnosed diabetes compared with those without a history of diagnosed diabetes (all P &lt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Persons with diagnosed diabetes, undiagnosed diabetes, and prediabetes are at a significantly elevated risk of hospitalization compared with those without diabetes. Substantial excess rates of hospitalizations in persons with diagnosed diabetes were for endocrine, infection, and iatrogenic/injury causes, which may be preventable with improved diabetes care.
Associations between sex, body weight, age, and ultrasonographically determined adrenal gland thickness in dogs with non-adrenal gland illness
Authors: Bento Pedro L. , Center Sharon A. , Randolph John F. , Yeager Amy E. , Bicalho Rodrigo C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether body weight, age, or sex was associated with ultrasonographically determined adrenal gland thickness (AT) in dogs with non-adrenal gland illness.
DESIGN
Retrospective cross-sectional study.
ANIMALS
266 dogs (22 sexually intact and 119 castrated males and 19 sexually intact and 106 spayed females representing 12 breeds) with non-adrenal gland illness.
PROCEDURES
Thickness of the caudal pole of the left and right adrenal glands was measured on longitudinal ultrasonographic images. Dogs were stratified into age and body weight categories to investigate associations with AT.
RESULTS
AT was significantly lower in dogs that weighed ≤ 12 kg (26.4 lb) than in dogs that weighed > 12 kg and left AT increased with age. Both left and right AT were larger in male than in female dogs that weighed > 12 to ≤ 20 kg, and left AT was larger in male than in female dogs that weighed > 20 to ≤ 30 kg.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Results suggested that body weight, age, and sex were significantly associated with AT, indicating that these variables should be considered when evaluating AT in dogs with non-adrenal gland illness and when developing reference intervals for AT in dogs. Further, findings indicated that dogs with non-adrenal gland illness that weigh ≤ 12 kg should have an AT no greater than 0.62 cm, whereas dogs that weigh > 12 kg should have an AT no greater than 0.72 cm.
Abdominal Bracing Increases Ground Reaction Forces and Reduces Knee and Hip Flexion During Landing
Authors: Campbell Amity , Kemp-Smith Kevin , O'Sullivan Peter , Straker Leon 
Published: March 2016

Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Background Abdominal bracing (AB) is a widely advocated method of increasing spine stability, yet the influence of AB on the execution of sporting movements has not been quantified. Landing is a common task during sporting endeavors; therefore, investigating the effect of performing AB during a drop-landing task is relevant. Objective To quantify the effect of AB on kinematics (ankle, knee, hip, and regional lumbar spine peak flexion angles) and peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) during a drop-landing task. Methods Sixteen healthy adults (7 female, 9 male; mean ± SD age, 27 ± 7 years; height, 170.6 ± 8.1 cm; mass, 68.0 ± 11.3 kg) were assessed using 3-D motion analysis, electromyography (EMG), and a force platform while performing a drop-landing task with and without AB. Abdominal bracing was achieved with the assistance of real-time internal oblique EMG feedback. Lower-limb and regional lumbar spine kinematics, peak vGRF, and normalized EMG of the left and right internal obliques and lumbar multifidus were quantified. Paired-samples t tests were used to compare variables between the AB and no-AB conditions. Results Abdominal bracing resulted in significantly reduced knee and hip flexion and increased peak vGRF during landing. No differences in lumbar multifidus EMG or lumbar spine kinematics were observed. Conclusion Abdominal bracing reduces impact attenuation during landing. These altered biomechanics may have implications for lower-limb and spinal injury risk during dynamic tasks. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(4):286–292. Epub 8 Mar 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.5774
Postural Cueing to Increase Lumbar Lordosis Increases Lumbar Multifidus Activation During Trunk Stabilization Exercises: Electromyographic Assessment Using Intramuscular Electrodes
Authors: Beneck George J. , Story John W. , Donald Shelby 
Published: March 2016

Study Design Controlled laboratory study, repeated-measures design. Background Diminished multifidus activation and cross-sectional area are frequent findings in persons with low back pain. Increasing lumbar lordosis has been shown to increase activation of the multifidus with a minimal increase in activation of the long global extensors during unsupported sitting. Objectives To examine the influence of postural cueing to increase lumbar lordosis on lumbar extensor activation during trunk stabilization exercises. Methods Thirteen asymptomatic participants (9 male, 4 female) were instructed to perform 6 trunk stabilization exercises using a neutral position and increasing lumbar lordosis. Electrical activity of the deep multifidus and longissimus thoracis was recorded using fine-wire intramuscular electrodes. The mean root-mean-square of the electromyography (EMG) signal obtained during each exercise was normalized to a maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). A 2-way, repeated-measures analysis of variance (posture by exercise) was performed for each muscle. Results When averaged across the 6 exercises, postural cueing to increase lumbar lordosis resulted in greater multifidus EMG activity compared to performing the exercises in a neutral posture (35.3% ± 15.1% versus 29.5% ± 11.2% MVIC). No significant increase in longissimus thoracis EMG activity was observed when exercising with cueing to increase lumbar lordosis. Conclusion This study suggests that postural cueing to increase lumbar lordosis during trunk stabilization exercises may better promote multifidus activation than traditional stabilization exercises alone. Future studies are needed to determine whether increasing lumbar lordosis improves multifidus activation in persons with low back pain. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2016;46(4):293–299. Epub 8 Mar 2016. doi:10.2519/jospt.2016.6174