bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors associated with increased prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm in women
Authors: Chabok M , Nicolaides A , Aslam M , Farahmandfar M , Humphries K , Kermani N Z , Coltart J , Standfield N 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
Four randomized trials of men aged 65–80 years showed that aneurysm-related mortality was reduced by 40 per cent by ultrasound screening. Screening is considered economically viable when the prevalence of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is 1·0 per cent or higher. This is not the case for women, in whom the prevalence of AAA is less than 1 per cent. The aim of the present investigation was to determine the prevalence of AAA 3·0 cm or larger in women screened with ultrasound imaging, the risk factors associated with AAA in this population, and whether high-risk groups can be identified with an AAA prevalence of 1 per cent or greater.

Methods
Demographic data and risk factors were collected from the first 50 000 women who attended for private cardiovascular screening in the UK. Tests included ultrasound screening for AAA, ankle : brachial pressure index (ABPI), carotid duplex imaging for carotid atherosclerosis, and electrocardiography for atrial fibrillation.

Results
AAA was detected in 82 of 50 000 women screened; these aneurysms were rare below the age of 66 years (7 of 24 499). In the 66–85-years age group there were 72 AAAs in 25 170 women (0·29 per cent). Univariable analysis demonstrated that a history of stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA), hypertension, smoking, atrial fibrillation, ABPI of less than 0·9 and internal carotid artery stenosis of at least 50 per cent were associated with an increased prevalence of AAA (P &lt; 0·001). In multivariable linear logistic regression of risk factors, age 76 years or more, history of stroke/TIA, hypertension and smoking were independent predictors of AAA. This model had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0·711 (95 per cent c.i. 0·649 to 0·772) and could identify 2235 women who had 22 AAAs (prevalence 0·98 per cent). By adding ABPI, atrial fibrillation and carotid stenosis, the prediction improved to an AUC of 0·775 (0·724 to 0·826). This model could identify 3701 women who had 58 AAAs (prevalence 1·57 per cent).

Conclusion
This report should stimulate consideration of a targeted AAA screening programme for women aged over 65 years.
Reoperation risk following the first operation for internal herniation in patients with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass
Authors: Danshøj Kristensen S , Naver L , Jess P , Floyd A K 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) is the most commonly used surgical procedure in the treatment of morbid obesity in Denmark. Internal herniation (IH) and intermittent internal herniation (IIH) are probably the most common late complications in patients with LRYGB. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible increased risk of subsequent operations after an initial IH or IIH event.

Methods
This long-term follow-up study of patients who had surgery for an initial IH or IIH event in 2006–2011, based on the Danish National Patient Registry (NPR), was performed to 2013. During this period, mesenteric defects were not closed routinely during LRYGB.

Results
Data were retrieved from 12 221 patients with LRYGB from the NPR. A total of 383 patients had surgery for an initial IH or IIH event. Some 102 patients (26·6 (95 per cent c.i. 22·5 to 31·3) per cent) had a second operation. Twenty-seven (26·5 (18·9 to 35·8) per cent) of these 102 patients had a third operation, and five (19 (8 to 37) per cent) of the 27 had a fourth operation. Of the 383 patients diagnosed with an initial IH or IIH event, 72 (18·8 per cent) had a second IH/IIH event, 14 (3·7 per cent) had a third event, and three (0·8 per cent) a fourth event requiring surgery.

Conclusion
Patients who have surgery for IH or IIH have a substantial risk of needing further operations.
A Practical Guide on the Synthesis of Metal Chelates for Molecular Imaging and Therapy by Means of Click Chemistry
Authors: Notni Johannes , Wester Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition of organic azides and alkynes (CuAAC) is one of the most popular reactions for rapid assembly of multifunctional molecular frameworks from commercially available building blocks. It is also attractive for synthesis of conjugates of multidentate chelate ligands (chelators) with molecular targeting vectors, such as peptides or proteins, which serve as precursors for labeling with metal radionuclides or are useful as MRI contrast agents after GdIII complexation. However, applicability of CuAAC for such purposes is complicated by formation of unwanted copper chelates. The alternative use of copper‐free click chemistry, for example, the strain‐promoted alkyne‐azide cycloaddition (SPAAC) or the Diels–Alder reaction of tetrazines and strained alkenes, entails other specific challenges: Introduction of large, isomerically non‐homogeneous and hydrophobic linker groups affects product homogeneity and can severely change pharmacokinetic profiles. Against this background, this review elucidates scope and applicability of both Cu‐catalyzed and Cu‐free alkyne‐azide cycloadditions pertinent to the elaboration of radiometal chelates and MRI contrast agents, with an emphasis on strategies to tackle the problem of copper complexation during CuAAC.
Diazonium Functionalisation of Carbon Nanotubes for Specific Orientation of Multicopper Oxidases: Controlling Electron Entry Points and Oxygen Diffusion to the Enzyme
Authors: Lalaoui Noémie , Holzinger Michael , Le Goff Alan , Cosnier Serge 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report the controlled orientation of bilirubin oxidases (BOD) from Myrothecium verrucaria on multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) functionalised by electrografting of 6‐carboxynaphthalenediazonium and 4‐(2‐aminoethyl)benzenediazonium salts. On negatively charged naphthoate‐modified MWCNTs, a high‐potential (0.44 V vs. SCE) oxygen reduction electrocatalysis is observed, occurring via the T1 copper centre. On positively charged ammonium‐modified MWCNTs, a low‐potential (0.15 V) oxygen reduction electrocatalysis is observed, occurring through a partially oxidised state of the T2/T3 trinuclear copper cluster. Finally, chemically modified naphthoate MWCNTs exhibit high bioelectrocatalytic current densities of 3.9 mA cm−2 under air at gas‐diffusion electrode.
Acceptorless Dehydrogenative Oxidation of Secondary Alcohols Catalysed by Cp*IrIII–NHC Complexes
Authors: Gülcemal Süleyman , Gülcemal Derya , Whitehead George F. S. , Xiao Jianliang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of new IrIII complexes with carbene ligands that contain a range of benzyl wingtip groups have been prepared and fully characterised by NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction. All the complexes were active in the acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohol substrates in 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol to give the corresponding carbonyl compounds. The most active complex bore an electron‐rich carbene ligand; this complex was used to catalyse the highly efficient and chemoselective dehydrogenation of a wide range of secondary alcohols to their respective ketones, with turnover numbers up to 1660. Mechanistic studies suggested that the turnover of the dehydrogenation reaction is limited by the H2‐formation step.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of 2‐Amino‐6‐nitrobenzothiazole‐Derived Hydrazones as MAO Inhibitors: Role of the Methylene Spacer Group
Authors: Tripathi Rati K. P. , Ayyannan Senthil R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA series of 2‐amino‐6‐nitrobenzothiazole‐derived extended hydrazones were designed, synthesized, and investigated for their ability to inhibit monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO‐A/MAO‐B). The compounds were found to exhibit inhibitory activities in the nanomolar to micromolar range. Some of the compounds showed excellent potency and selectivity against the MAO‐B isoform. N′‐(5‐Chloro‐2‐oxoindolin‐3‐ylidene)‐2‐(6‐nitrobenzothiazol‐2‐ylamino)acetohydrazide (compound 31) showed the highest MAO‐B inhibitory activity (IC50=1.8±0.3 nm, selectivity index [SI]=766.67), whereas compound 6 [N′‐(1‐(4‐bromophenyl)ethylidene)‐2‐(6‐nitrobenzothiazol‐2‐ylamino)acetohydrazide] was found to be the most active MAO‐A inhibitor (IC50=0.42±0.003 μm). Kinetic studies revealed that compounds 6 and 31 exhibit competitive‐type reversible inhibition against both MAO‐A and MAO‐B, respectively. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies disclosed several structural aspects significant for potency and the contribution of the methylene spacer toward MAO‐B inhibitory potency, with minimal or no neurotoxicity. Molecular modeling studies yielded a good correlation between experimental and theoretical inhibitory data. Binding pose analysis revealed the significance of cumulative effects of π–π stacking and hydrogen bond interactions for effective stabilization of virtual ligand–protein complexes. Further optimization studies of compound 31, including co‐crystallization of inhibitor–MAO‐B complexes, are essential to develop these compounds as potential therapeutic agents for MAO‐B‐associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Benefit of adjuvant radiotherapy after breast‐conserving therapy among elderly women with T1‐T2N0 estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Eaton Bree R. , Jiang Renjian , Torres Mylin A. , Kahn Shannon T. , Godette Karen , Lash Timothy L. , Ward Kevin C. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDThe purpose of the current study was to evaluate the impact of radiotherapy (RT) among women aged ≥ 70 years with T1‐2N0 estrogen receptor (ER)‐negative breast cancer using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare‐linked data.METHODSThe study included 3432 women, 2850 of whom received and 582 of whom did not receive RT after breast‐conserving surgery. Outcomes were estimated by the cumulative incidence method and compared with the Gray test. The Fine and Gray subdistribution hazard regression models were used to assess the impact of RT and other variables.RESULTSWomen who received RT were more commonly aged <75 years (42% vs 16%), had T1 tumors (78% vs 65%), ductal carcinoma histology (91% vs 88%), a Charlson‐Deyo Comorbidity Index of 0 (41% vs 25%), and had received chemotherapy (29% vs 12%). The 5‐year cumulative incidence of mastectomy and breast cancer‐specific death for patients who received versus those did not receive adjuvant RT was 4.9% and 8.3% versus 10.8% and 24.1%, respectively (P<.001). On multivariable analysis, the omission of RT was found to be an independent predictor of an increased risk of mastectomy (hazard ratio, 2.33; 95% confidence interval, 1.56‐3.49). Among women aged ≥ 80 years or with T1N0 tumors, the mastectomy incidence with or without receipt of RT was 3.4% vs. 6.9%, and 5.3% vs 7.7%, respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe use of adjuvant RT after breast‐conserving surgery in older women with T1‐2N0 estrogen receptor‐negative breast cancer is associated with a reduced incidence of future mastectomy and breast cancer death. The magnitude of benefit may be small for women aged ≥80 years or those with T1 tumors. Cancer 2016;122:3059‐3068. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Telehealth system: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of an internet‐based exercise intervention on quality of life, pain, muscle strength, and fatigue in breast cancer survivors
Authors: Galiano‐Castillo Noelia , Cantarero‐Villanueva Irene , Fernández‐Lao Carolina , Ariza‐García Angélica , Díaz‐Rodríguez Lourdes , Del‐Moral‐Ávila Rosario , Arroyo‐Morales Manuel 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDThe chronicity status of breast cancer survivors suggests a growing need for cancer rehabilitation. Currently, the use of technology is a promising strategy for providing support, as reflected in the emergence of research interest in Web‐based interventions in cancer survivorship.METHODSA randomized controlled trial was conducted that included a total of 81 participants who had completed adjuvant therapy (except hormone treatment) for stage I to IIIA breast cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to an 8‐week Internet‐based, tailored exercise program (n = 40) or to a control group (n = 41).The instruments used at baseline, 8 weeks, and 6‐month follow‐up were the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality‐of‐Life Questionnaire Core 30 and its breast cancer module, the Brief Pain Inventory, the handgrip dynamometer, the isometric abdominal test, the back dynamometer, the multiple sit‐to‐stand test, and the Piper Fatigue Scale.RESULTSAfter the intervention, the telerehabilitation group had significantly improved scores for global health status, physical, role, cognitive functioning, and arm symptoms (all P < .01) as well as pain severity (P = .001) and pain interference (P = .045) compared with the control group. Significant improvements also were observed favoring the telerehabilitation group for affected and nonaffected side handgrip (both P = .006), abdominal, back and lower body strength (all P < .01), and total fatigue (P < .001). These findings were maintained after 6 months of follow‐up, except for role functioning, pain severity, and nonaffected side handgrip. Analysis was based on an intention‐to‐treat principle.CONCLUSIONSThis program may improve adverse effects and maintain benefits in breast cancer survivors. The results of this study have encouraging implications for cancer care. Cancer 2016;122:3166–74. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Integration and scaling ofUV‐B radiation effects on plants: from molecular interactions to whole plant responses
Authors: Suchar Vasile Alexandru , Robberecht Ronald 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA process based model integrating the effects ofUV‐B radiation to molecular level processes and their consequences to whole plant growth and development was developed from key parameters in the published literature. Model simulations showed thatUV‐B radiation induced changes in plant metabolic and/or photosynthesis rates can result in plant growth inhibitions. The costs of effective epidermalUV‐B radiation absorptive compounds did not result in any significant changes in plant growth, but any associated metabolic costs effectively reduced the potential plant biomass. The model showed significant interactions betweenUV‐B radiation effects and temperature and any factor leading to inhibition of photosynthetic production or plant growth during the midday, but the effects were not cumulative for all factors. Vegetative growth were significantly delayed in species that do not exhibit reproductive cycles during a growing season, but vegetative growth and reproductive yield in species completing their life cycle in one growing season did not appear to be delayed more than 2–5 days, probably within the natural variability of the life cycles for many species. This is the first model to integrate the effects of increasedUV‐B radiation through molecular level processes and their consequences to whole plant growth and development.
Dead or gone? Bayesian inference on mortality for the dispersing sex
Authors: Barthold Julia A. , Packer Craig , Loveridge Andrew J. , Macdonald David W. , Colchero Fernando 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEstimates of age‐specific mortality are regularly used in ecology, evolution, and conservation research. However, estimating mortality of the dispersing sex, in species where one sex undergoes natal dispersal, is difficult. This is because it is often unclear whether members of the dispersing sex that disappear from monitored areas have died or dispersed. Here, we develop an extension of a multievent model that imputes dispersal state (i.e., died or dispersed) for uncertain records of the dispersing sex as a latent state and estimates age‐specific mortality and dispersal parameters in a Bayesian hierarchical framework. To check the performance of our model, we first conduct a simulation study. We then apply our model to a long‐term data set of African lions. Using these data, we further study how well our model estimates mortality of the dispersing sex by incrementally reducing the level of uncertainty in the records of male lions. We achieve this by taking advantage of an expert's indication on the likely fate of each missing male (i.e., likely died or dispersed). We find that our model produces accurate mortality estimates for simulated data of varying sample sizes and proportions of uncertain male records. From the empirical study, we learned that our model provides similar mortality estimates for different levels of uncertainty in records. However, a sensitivity of the mortality estimates to varying uncertainty is, as can be expected, detectable. We conclude that our model provides a solution to the challenge of estimating mortality of the dispersing sex in species with data deficiency due to natal dispersal. Given the utility of sex‐specific mortality estimates in biological and conservation research, and the virtual ubiquity of sex‐biased dispersal, our model will be useful to a wide variety of applications.
Multitrophic diversity effects of network degradation
Authors: Nichols Elizabeth , Peres Carlos A. , Hawes Joseph E. , Naeem Shahid 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPredicting the functional consequences of biodiversity loss in realistic, multitrophic communities remains a challenge. No existing biodiversity–ecosystem function study to date has simultaneously incorporated information on species traits, network topology, and extinction across multiple trophic levels, while all three factors are independently understood as critical drivers of post‐extinction network structure and function. We fill this gap by comparing the functional consequences of simulated species loss both within (monotrophic) and across (bitrophic) trophic levels, in an ecological interaction network estimated from spatially explicit field data on tropical fecal detritus producer and consumers (mammals and dung beetles). We simulated trait‐ordered beetle and mammal extinction separately (monotrophic extinction) and the coextinction of beetles following mammal loss (bitrophic extinction), according to network structure. We also compared the diversity effects of bitrophic extinction models using a standard monotrophic function (the daily production or consumption of fecal detritus) and a unique bitrophic functional metric (the proportion of daily detritus production that is consumed). We found similar mono‐ and bitrophic diversity effects, regardless of which species traits were used to drive extinctions, yet divergent predictions when different measures of function were used. The inclusion of information on network structure had little apparent effect on the qualitative relationship between diversity and function. These results contribute to our growing understanding of the functional consequences of biodiversity from real systems and underscore the importance of species traits and realistic functional metrics to assessments of the ecosystem impacts of network degradation through species loss.
Phylogenetic test of speciation by host shift in leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) feeding on maples (Acer)
Authors: Nakadai Ryosuke , Kawakita Atsushi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe traditional explanation for the exceptional diversity of herbivorous insects emphasizes host shift as the major driver of speciation. However, phylogenetic studies have often demonstrated widespread host plant conservatism by insect herbivores, calling into question the prevalence of speciation by host shift to distantly related plants. A limitation of previous phylogenetic studies is that host plants were defined at the family or genus level; thus, it was unclear whether host shifts predominate at a finer taxonomic scale. The lack of a statistical approach to test the hypothesis of host‐shift‐driven speciation also hindered studies at the species level. Here, we analyze the radiation of leaf cone moths (Caloptilia) associated with maples (Acer) using a newly developed, phylogeny‐based method that tests the role of host shift in speciation. This method has the advantage of not requiring complete taxon sampling from an entire radiation. Based on 254 host plant records for 14 Caloptilia species collected at 73 sites in Japan, we show that major dietary changes are more concentrated toward the root of the phylogeny, with host shift playing a minor role in recent speciation. We suggest that there may be other roles for host shift in promoting herbivorous insect diversification rather than facilitating speciation per se.
On end to end network slicing for 5G communication systems
Authors: An X. , Zhou C. , Trivisonno R. , Guerzoni R. , Kaloxylos A. , Soldani D. , Hecker A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe heterogeneity in use cases and the need to support diverse requirements from vertical markets are the main drivers for new design principles of 5G communication systems. In this paper, we review the notion of plastic architecture and propose an end to end network slicing concept to serve new 5G capabilities and features in a flexible and efficient manner. Besides the concept definition, we address in particular the key issue of how 5G devices may be enabled to discover, select and access the most appropriate E2E network slices. To solve the issue, we developed a novel Device Triggered Network Control mechanism and evaluated its performance and implementation cost with respect to alternative available schemes, where the slicing concept was applied only to the core network domain of the communication system. Simulation results showed two digits gains in terms of attachment delay and signalling overhead. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of personality on memory function in older adults—results from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam
Authors: Klaming Ruth , Veltman Dick J. , Comijs Hannie C. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to explore associations between memory function and the personality constructs mastery, self‐efficacy, and neuroticism in a large cohort of older adults over a 14‐year period.MethodsMemory function and personality traits were assessed every three years for 14 years. Data was derived from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA). The study cohort included a total of 1966 men and women aged 65 and older at baseline. Episodic memory was assessed with a modified Dutch version of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. Personality was measured with Dutch versions of the Pearlin Mastery Scale, General Self‐Efficacy Scale, and an abbreviated version of the Dutch Personality Questionnaire. All three personality questionnaires are self‐rating instruments.ResultsHigher levels of mastery and self‐efficacy were associated with better memory function while high neuroticism was associated with poorer memory. Personality traits did not affect the rate of memory decline over time.ConclusionsResults demonstrate the role personality constructs, in particular those related to control beliefs and proneness to psychological stress, play in cognitive function in older adults, and support the development of intervention programs. Targeted training has the potential to promote a sense of control over life outcomes and to lower stress in older adults who are at risk for impaired memory function.