bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soluble Markers of Leucocyte Adhesion in Patients with Venous Disease
Authors: Shields D. A. , Andaz S. K. , Porter J. B. , Scurr J. H. , Smith P. D. Coleridge 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To measure soluble CD54 (ICAM-1) and CD62E (E-selectin) as markers of neutrophil adhesion in four groups of patients with varying severity of venous disease and compare the values obtained with those in age- and sex-matched control subjects. Design: Prospective study of patients with varicose veins compared with a group of control subjects with no history or clinical findings of varicose veins. Setting: The Middlesex Hospital Vascular Laboratory, London. Patients: Patients referred to the Middlesex Hospital Vascular Laboratory for investigation of venous disease. Neither patients nor controls had arterial disease, any other systemic illness, or were on any medication known to alter white cell activity. Interventions: Ten millimetres of blood taken from an arm vein into EDTA for a neutrophil count and soluble CD54 and CD62E, measured using an ELISA. Results: Similar levels of soluble CD54 and CD62E were found in all four groups of patients compared with their controls ( p = 0.71 for soluble CD54 for all patients compared with all controls, and p = 0.65 for soluble CD62E, Mann–Whitney U-test). There was no difference in the neutrophil count between the controls and patients in any group ( p = 0.74 for all subjects, Mann–Whitney U-test). Conclusion: This study shows no evidence of increased soluble CD54 or CD2E or CD62E in patients with venous disease, despite previous work showing increased CD54 and neutrophil degranulation in patients with venous disease. The reason for this is currently unknown.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Deep Venous Thrombosis with Anomalous Inferior Vena Cava
Authors: Liddicoat A. J. , Moody A. R. , London N. J. M. 
Published: January 2017

Design: Case report. Setting: Leicester Royal Infirmary. Patients: A 17-year-old male patient presenting with postoperative deep venous thrombosis secondary to anomalous inferior vena cava. Interventions: Imaging to establish the diagnosis, anticoagulation and follow-up. Main outcome measures: Serial magnetic resonance imaging and the clinical condition of the patient were assessed. Results: The patient made a good recovery and did not require a laparotomy. Conclusions: Magnetic resonance imaging is very useful in the detection of central deep venous thrombosis and anomalous inferior vena cava and should be considered in young patients with postoperative deep venous thrombosis.
Evaluation of the Jobst UlcerCare System for the Treatment of Venous Ulcers
Authors: Baccaglini U. , Giraldi E. , Spreafico G. , Sorrentino P. , Castoro C. , Penzo S. , Pavei P. , Pignataro M. 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To test the Jobst ulcer care system (JUCS), a combination of two elastic stockings and a dressing, for the treatment of venous ulcers. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Therapy was performed at home by the patient with weekly visits to the outpatient clinic at the teaching hospital of the University of Padua. Patients: Thirty-one consecutive ambulatory patients with confirmed venous ulcer. Treatment: Patients were instructed to wear the low-compression stocking (liner) day and night and the higher compression stocking (therapeutic stocking with zipper) during the day. The wound dressing (Cutinova foam) was changed as judged by the patient. Main outcome measures: Healing of the ulcer, and tolerance, safety and ease of using the JUCS by the patient. Results: Twenty-four patients completed the study; 23 Patients showed complete healing of the ulcer within 16 weeks and in the 24th patient the healing was completed in 18 weeks. The mean healing time was 5.8 weeks. Conclusions: The Jobst ulcer care system is effective in achieving ulcer healing and the elastic stockings showed no significant side-effects and were easy to use.
Influence of Ibuprofen on Haemostasis in Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy
Authors: Goncalves L 
Published: January 2017

A group of 50 patients on warfarin sodium were studied for possible adverse effects on anticoagulant action when ibuprofen was administered concomitantly. Factors II, VII and X were determined before starting and after seven days on ibuprofen therapy. Ibuprofen was not found to adversely affect the anticoagulant activity of warfarin. A further study in 30 normal volunteers (on no drugs) suggests that 600 mg ibuprofen daily for 3 days has no action of its own in the plasma phase of haemostasis.
Amoxycillin in the Treatment of Childhood Pneumonia
Authors: Khan A A 
Published: January 2017

Amoxycillin ('Amoxil') a new semi-synthetic penicillin was used in the treatment of pneumonia in 30 children. A very satisfactory clinical cure was effected in all cases on a dosage requirement of 125 mg eight hourly for 5-8 days. There were no side-effects. In view of its regimen of three times daily dosage, proven efficacy and facility of administration with food it should be usefully recommended for routine out-patient/in-patient therapy of childhood pneumonia.
A Double-Blind Comparison between Diclofenac Sodium and Ibuprofen in Osteoarthritis
Authors: Rossi F A , Baroni L 
Published: January 2017

A new anti-inflammatory agent, diclofenac sodium (Voltaren), has been compared by means of a double-blind cross-over with ibuprofen in the treatment of osteoarthrosis. Twenty hospitalized adult patients (10 men and 10 women) were treated for six weeks (two weeks with each drug and two weeks drug-free wash-out period between the single treatments) with average daily doses of 130 mg (150 mg during the second week) diclofenac sodium and 1407 mg (1593 mg during the second week) ibuprofen. The results obtained in this trial indicate that in some important clinical and laboratory measurements diclofenac sodium presents a significant superiority over ibuprofen, with regard both to efficacy and tolerability. During treatment with diclofenac sodium no significant changes in laboratory data were seen thus confirming the tolerability of the drug.
Cefadroxil Monohydrate versus Erythromycin in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Trujillo Hugo 
Published: January 2017

Cefadroxil monohydrate, an oral cephalosporin with a long half-life, was compared to erythromycin estolate for efficacy in treating upper respiratory tract infections in children. The study was carried out on forty patients, twenty receiving cefadroxil and twenty receiving erythromycin. Each drug was dosed at 50 mg/kg/day and was given every 12 hours in two equally divided doses. The complete cure rate was 95% for the cefadroxil group and 80% for the erythromycin group. Two patients originally in the erythromycin test group showed no improvement either bacteriologically or clinically after 3 days of treatment. It was found that these patients harboured S. aureus which had become resistant to erythromycin during the course of therapy. Both patients were shifted to cefadroxil treatment and achieved complete cures. Two patients in the erythromycin group and one in the cefadroxil group were diagnosed as having scarlet fever. All three responded clinically, yet cultures from the two treated with erythromycin showed persistence of bacteria while the one treated with cefadroxil proved to be cured both clinically and bacteriologically.
The Role of Complement and Natural Antibody in Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Austen W.G. , Kobzik L. , Carroll M.C. , Hechtman H.B. , Moore F.D. 
Published: January 2017

Activation of the complement cascade is central to many types of injury. Ischemia-reperfusion is an important example of such an event. Using intestinal ischemia-reperfusion as a model, we have further elucidated the importance and mechanism of this activation. Of novel importance is the evidence that natural antibody is a trigger for these events via recognition of self-antigen. In this article, we review the role of natural antibody and complement in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury. It is hoped that this study will ultimately lead to better understanding of these important modulators and their role in this type of injury.
Immunological Evaluation of Children Treated with Antiepileptic Drugs
Authors: Verrotti A. , Domizio S. , Chiarelli F. , Sabatino G. , Morgese G. 
Published: January 2017

In order to evaluate cellular and humoral immunity in children who were given carbamazepine (CBZ), sodium valproate (VPA) or phenobarbital (PHB) as monotherapy, we studied 137 children and adolescents suffering from various types of epilepsy and 50 healthy control children. The patients were subdivided according to the type of drug received: in particular, Group 1: 50 (26 female, 24 male) children received only CBZ; their age ranged from 2.3 years to 16.0 years (mean ± SD, 8.1 ± 7.9 years); Group 2: 50 (26 female, 24 male) children received only VPA with age from 2.8 to 15.1 (8.9 ± 7.1) years; Group 3: 37 (20 female, 17 male) children who were given only PHB with age from 2.0 to 13.9 (8.4 ± 7.8) years. 50 sex and age- matched healthy children served as controls. All the patients of groups 1, 2 and 3 were studied before the beginning of antiepileptic drug therapy and after 6, 12 and 18 months of therapy. All plasma levels of AEDs were within the therapeutic range. All children of the three groups had a normal number of lymphocytes per millimeter of blood; also the values of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20 and CD56 and the serum levels of complement (C3 and C4) were similar to those of healthy controls. The natural killer cell activity of children receiving CBZ showed a significant reduction: this reduction was present after 6 months of therapy (baseline: 45.2%; after 6 months: 32.6%; after 12 months 31.3 %; (all determinations vs baseline:p<0.01) and continued to be present until the end of the study (36.9%; p<0.05). Our data suggest that, in children receiving CBZ, VPA and PHB on monotherapy significant abnormalities of serum immunoglobulin concentrations, serum complement values and lymphocyte subsets are not present. CBZ is shown to have a reducing effect on the natural killer cell activity, but the real role of this abnormality in the immune system of these patients needs more investigation.
Apolipoprotein E Genotyping for Pharmacogenetic Purposes in Alzheimer's Disease: Emerging Ethical Issues
Authors: Issa Amalia M , Keyserlingk Edward W 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To present some of the ethical concerns pertaining to the anticipated use of apolipoprotein E genotyping in selecting therapy in Alzheimer's disease. Method: We review studies that support the utility of apolipoprotein E (APO E) genotyping for predicting drug responsiveness along with the published consensus statements and position papers related to APO E genotyping. Ethical issues pertaining to the use of APO E genotyping for pharmacogenetic purposes have not yet been fully explored, and these are discussed. Results: This paper explores the bioethics surrounding the use of APO E genotyping for pharmacogenetic purposes. The rapidly increasing pace of clinical trials in Alheimer's disease necessitates a critical examination of the evolving ethical issues. A framework for establishing guidelines is suggested. Conclusions: Clinical research trials for Alzheimer's disease with a genotyping component will increasingly be influenced by and benefit from a serious analysis of the ethics emerging alongside the scientific and clinical advances.
« What's up, doc? » Le contexte, les limites et les enjeux de la médecine fondée sur des données probantes pour les cliniciens (Evidence-Based Medicine)
Authors: Lesage Alain D , Stip Emmanuel , Grunberg Frédéric 
Published: January 2017

Contexte: L'approche d'une pratique fondée sur les données probantes n'est-elle pas une nouvelle façon de nommer la dialectique de la médecine moderne entre la pratique d'un art et l'éclairage des meilleures données de la science? Méthodes: Cet essai en trois temps traite d'abord du contexte historique; ensuite, il aborde les limites conceptuelles et méthodologiques de l'approche par l'illustration de méta-analyses portant sur quatre situations qui ont cours en psychiatrie, avant de donner le mot de la fin au clinicien. Contenu: Le contexte associe la pratique fondée sur les données probantes premièrement à la période des restrictions budgétaires et deuxièmement, à l'avènement d'Internet. L'engrenage de la machine apparemment bien huilée semble se détraquer quelque peu lorsqu'on tient compte des éléments subjectifs qui interviennent dans les méta-analyses. Par ailleurs, les données non publiées, l'homogénéisation des populations étudiées et la présomption que seules les études randomisées conduisent à une connaissance scientifique valable posent problème. Nous croyons que le clinicien ne sera pas surpris et pourra même ramener le débat aussi loin que celui d'autrefois entre les empiristes et les rationalistes. Conclusion: La pratique médicale fondée sur les données probantes dans sa vision la plus noble relance le questionnement nécessaire sur nos pratiques.
Canadian and American Psychiatrists' Attitudes toward Dissociative Disorders Diagnoses
Authors: Lalonde Justine K , Hudson James I , Gigante Robin A , Pope Harrison G 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To compare the opinions of Canadian psychiatrists regarding dissociative disorder diagnoses with those of previously surveyed American psychiatrists. Method: We sent a 1-page questionnaire to a stratified representative sample of 550 Canadian psychiatrists. Results: Eighty percent of Canadian psychiatrists responded. Fewer than one-third replied that dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder should be included without reservations in the DSM-IV; fewer than 1 in 7 felt that the validity of these diagnoses was supported by strong scientific evidence. French- and English-speaking Canadians had similar opinions. Overall, Canadians were significantly less accepting than Americans. Conclusion: Both Canadian and American psychiatrists show little consensus regarding the diagnostic status or scientific validity of dissociative amnesia and dissociative identity disorder.
A Profile of Canadian Adults Seeking Treatment for Gambling Problems and Comparisons with Adults Entering an Alcohol Treatment Program
Authors: Wiebe Jamie , Cox Brian J 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To empirically describe problem gambling in the Canadian context, using a large sample of treatment-seeking adults. Method: We assessed 1376 Winnipeg adults seen in the problem gambling program at the Addictions Foundation of Manitoba (AFM) and compared them with 11661 alcohol-program clients seen over the same 4-year time period. Results: Sociodemographic comparisons revealed a higher-functioning profile for individuals with gambling problems compared with those having alcohol problems (for example, higher education and income levels). Most gambling clients did not report symptoms of substance abuse, but almost 70% smoked cigarettes. The most frequent gambling activity involved the use of video lottery terminals (VLTs) in local bars and restaurant lounges. Lottery tickets, bingo, and even casinos were infrequently used by problem gamblers. Conclusions: In several ways, gambling problems in the Canadian context represent a relatively novel form of addiction that many clinicians have not previously encountered. VLTs were only recently introduced in many parts of Canada, and they appear to play a large role in the expression of problem gambling. One potential reason for the popularity of neighbourhood bars over casinos or US venues is the increased availability of legalized gambling in the community.
Assessing Fitness to Stand Trial: The Utility of the Fitness Interview Test (Revised Edition)
Authors: Zapf Patricia A , Roesch Ronald , Viljoen Jodi L 
Published: January 2017

Objective: In Canada most evaluations of fitness to stand trial are conducted on an inpatient basis. This costs time and money, and deprives those defendants remanded for evaluation of liberty. This research assessed the predictive efficiency of the Fitness Interview Test, revised edition (FIT) as a screening instrument for fitness to stand trial. Method: We compared decisions about fitness to stand trial, based on the FIT, with the results of institution-based evaluations for 2 samples of men remanded for inpatient fitness assessments. Results: The FIT demonstrates excellent utility as a screening instrument. The FIT shows good sensitivity and negative predictive power, which suggests that it can reliably screen those individuals who are clearly fit to stand trial, before they are remanded to an inpatient facility for a fitness assessment. Conclusion: We discuss the implications for evaluating fitness to stand trial, particularly in terms of the need for community-based alternatives to traditional forensic assessments.
Correlates of Therapeutic Response in Panic Disorder Presenting with Palpitations: Heart Rate Variability, Sleep, and Placebo Effect
Authors: Baker Brian , Khaykin Yaariv , Devins Gerald , Dorian Paul , Shapiro Colin , Newman David 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To examine the correlates of therapeutic response of patients with panic disorder presenting with palpitations, we hypothesized that therapeutic response would correlate with heart rate variability (HRV) and sleep measures. Methods: After a 1-week placebo washout, 27 patients free of structural heart disease and not on cardioactive drugs were randomized in a double-blinded fashion to 4 weeks of treatment with clonazepam (a known antipanic agent) or placebo. We performed standard sleep measures and recorded HRV from 24-hour Holter acquisitions at baseline and end of study. We defined response to therapy as a 50% improvement in the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) score, confirmed by questionnaires and reaction to sodium lactate infusion. Results: There were 12 responders and 15 nonresponders. Normalization of sleep pattern (including less stage 1 and rapid eye movement [REM] sleep) was observed in both drug and placebo responders ( P = 0.011 and P = 0.05, respectively) and in placebo responders alone, compared with nonresponders ( P = 0.006 and P = 0.013, respectively). Placebo responders were more likely to show less depression, but even after we controlled for depression, main sleep effects remained. None of the HRV measures correlated with response, but compared with placebo, clonazepam led to a decrease in all the time and frequency domain measures of HRV (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: Central mechanisms are related to the therapeutic response of patients with panic disorder presenting with palpitations, but this does not directly correlate with HRV. Larger and longer studies may allow objective explanations of placebo response in panic disorder.
Children with Psychiatric Disorders: The Al Ain Community Psychiatric Survey
Authors: Eapen Valsamma , Jakka Mona Essa , Abou-Saleh Mohammed T 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The prevalence of child psychiatric morbidity in the community is unknown in most developing countries, including those in the Arab region. Method: An epidemiologic study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity and to determine the sociodemographic correlates in a sample of children in the community, aged 6 to 18 years, in Al Ain, United Arab Emirates (UAE). Results: We obtained a prevalence rate of 22.2% for overall morbidity, as classified in the DSM-1V, and 14.3% for those with significant dysfunction, with the most common diagnosis being mood disorders. Female sex, large family size, chronic life difficulties, family history of psychiatric disorder, and alcohol-related problems in a family member were significantly associated with DSM-IV diagnosis. Conclusion: Although the prevalence and symptomatology in this Middle East community are similar to those in Western studies, none of these children had received professional help, suggesting serious deficiencies in mental health care services in the country.
Anxiety-Related Visits to Ontario Physicians following September 11, 2001
Authors: Austin Peter C , Mamdani Muhammad M , Chan Benjamin TB , Lin Elizabeth 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To determine whether the climate of increased anxiety following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, and the subsequent anthrax cases led to increased anxiety-related physician visits. Method: We undertook a retrospective, population-based study of all Ontario residents. We identified physician visits using Ontario's universal health care insurance program. Interventional autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) time series models were used to examine the impact of the terrorist attacks and anthrax infections on the rate of anxiety-related physician visits. Results: Neither the terrorist attacks of September 11 ( P ≥ 0.40) nor the anthrax infections in October and November ( P ≥ 0.14) had a statistically significant impact on the rate of anxiety-related visits to physicians. Conclusions: The climate of heightened anxiety did not result in increased demand for mental health services.
Clinical Features of Bipolar Disorder with and without Comorbid Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ruzickova Martina , Slaney Claire , Garnham Julie , Alda Martin 
Published: January 2017

Objective: Several papers have reported higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 in patients suffering from bipolar disorder (BD). The possible links between these 2 disorders include treatment, lifestyle, alterations in signal transduction, and possibly, a genetic link. To study this relation more closely, we investigated whether there are any differences in the clinical characteristics of BD patients with and without DM. Method: We compared the clinical data of 26 diabetic and 196 nondiabetic subjects from The Maritime Bipolar Registry. Subjects were aged 15 to 82 years, with psychiatric diagnoses of BD I ( n = 151), BD II ( n = 65), and BD not otherwise specified ( n = 6). The registry included basic demographic data and details on the clinical course of bipolar illness, its treatment, and physical comorbidity. In a subsequent analysis using logistic regression, we examined the variables showing differences between groups, with diabetes as an outcome variable. Results: The prevalence of DM in our sample was 11.7% ( n = 26). Diabetic patients were significantly older than nondiabetic patients ( P < 0.001), had higher rates of rapid cycling ( P = 0.02) and chronic course of BD ( P = 0.006), scored lower on the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale ( P = 0.01), were more often on disability for BD ( P < 0.001), and had higher body mass index ( P < 0.001) and increased frequency of hypertension ( P = 0.003). Lifetime history of treatment with antipsychotics was not significantly associated with an elevated risk of diabetes ( P = 0.16); however, the data showed a trend toward more frequent use of antipsychotic medication among diabetic subjects. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the diagnosis of DM in BD patients is relevant for their prognosis and outcome.