bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The enemy of my enemy is my friend … or still my enemy
Authors: Weaver John Michael 
Published: November 2015

Purpose
– World events underscore political challenges. Even with the relaxation of import/export impediments, the continuance of market globalization, the reduction of travel restriction among many countries combined with challenges throughout the globe that exist, the world appears to becoming an increasingly dangerous place. Heads of government and leaders throughout public sector organizations must have situational awareness of what is going on, not just within their own national boundaries, but what is taking place in the contiguous countries to their own and beyond. Decisions made regarding one issue could have profound secondary and tertiary effects on the situation abroad. This is particularly true when looking at countries as a primary unit of analysis in the context of international relations. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– A qualitative research methodology was used focussing on secondary data.

Findings
– A public sector leader’s decisions can have a profound impact beyond that of one’s specific agency. When senior government leaders make decisions, they must consider the impact beyond that of their own organization.

Research limitations/implications
– This paper focussed solely on secondary research sources.

Practical implications
– This paper has implications for senior government leaders and military officers alike.

Social implications
– When a leader makes a decision, he or she should look at the secondary and tertiary effects of their decisions so as to push for an utilitarian approach when solving problems.

Originality/value
– The author believe that this is an original paper focussing on contemporary world events.
Bullous pemphigoid: What's ahead?
Authors: Furue Masutaka , Kadono Takafumi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering skin disease mainly affecting older individuals. Pathogenic autoantibodies preferentially target the non‐collagenous 16A domain of collagen XVII (also called BP antigen 2, BPAG2) present in hemidesmosomes. The pathogenic anti‐BPAG2 antibodies cause the dermal–epidermal separation in neonatal and adult mice as well as in cryosections of human skin. These experimental BP models stress a pivotal role for neutrophils and the Fcγ receptor of immunoglobulins. Mice that have been genetically manipulated in the pathogenic domain of BPAG2 spontaneously develop subepidermal blistering with pruritus and eosinophilic infiltration. BPAG2 is physiologically and aberrantly expressed in neuronal tissue and internal malignancies, and the associations of BP with Parkinson's disease, stroke and internal malignancies invites new investigations into the immunological dysregulation behind the comorbidity.
Assessing Low Redox Stability of Myoglobin Relative to Rapid Hemin Loss from Hemoglobin
Authors: Cai He , Tatiyaborworntham Nantawat , Yin Jie , Richards Mark P. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBovine myoglobin (Mb) auto‐oxidized 11‐fold faster at pH 5.7 compared to bovine hemoglobin (Hb). Replacement of Ser(F7) in bovine Mb with positively charged or large apolar residues decreased auto‐oxidation rates (2‐ to 4‐fold) in comparison with wild‐type Mb (P < 0.05). However, the same substitutions increased hemin loss rate (15‐ to 28‐fold), indicating that hydrogen bonding between Ser(F7) and the heme‐7‐propionate is critical for stabilizing protoporphyrin in the globin. The anchoring of Ser(F7) to the heme‐7‐propionate in the proximal pocket of Mb is suggested to expose the distal pocket to solvent molecules that accelerate auto‐oxidation. The rate of hemin loss from metHb at pH 5.7 was 68‐fold faster compared to metMb. The ability of Ser(F7) and His(FG3) in Mb to form stabilizing contacts with the heme‐7‐propionate maintains hemin within the globin whereas Leu(F7) and Leu(FG3) of Hb cannot form stabilizing contacts which results in low hemin affinity. MetHb promoted lipid oxidation more effectively in washed muscle at pH 5.7 compared to metMb (P < 0.05). The greater ability of bovine metHb to promote lipid oxidation is likely due to its enhanced rate of hemin dissociation compared to bovine metMb.
Irinotecan plus fluorouracil‐based regimen as second or third‐line chemotherapy for recurrent or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xi , Wang Xinwei , Huang Jing 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundNo standard second‐line regimen exists for the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of irinotecan and fluorouracil‐based chemotherapy as a second or third‐line regimen for advanced ESCC patients.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed a cohort of 27 consecutive patients with advanced ESCC in one institute, treated with a combination of irinotecan plus fluorouracil‐based regimens after the failure of first‐line platinum‐based therapy. Nine patients were treated with 150–160 mg/m2 irinotecan and 400 mg/m2 fluorouracil (5‐FU) on day 1, followed by 2000 mg/m2 5‐FU during a 48‐hour infusion every two weeks. Eighteen patients received 150–160 mg/m2 irinotecan on day 1 and 80–120 mg/day S‐1 on days 1–10 every two weeks. The S‐1 dose was based on the patients' body surface area.ResultsTwenty‐four of the 27 patients were assessable for response. One (3.7%) patient achieved complete response, seven (25.9%) achieved partial response, eight (29.6%) had stable disease, and eight (29.6%) had progressive disease. The median progression‐free and overall survival were 4.8 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.2–8.4) and 10.5 months (95% CI: 8.4–12.7), respectively. Grade 3 neutropenia and diarrhea were detected in four (15%) and one (4%) patient, respectively. No grade 4 toxicity was noted.ConclusionsOur study indicates that an irinotecan plus 5‐FU‐based regimen is effective and well‐tolerated as a second or third‐line chemotherapy for patients with advanced ESCC.
The Company You Keep: How Voters Infer Party Positions on European Integration from Governing Coalition Arrangements
Authors: Adams James , Ezrow Lawrence , Wlezien Christopher 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRecent studies document that voters infer parties’ left‐right positions from governing coalition arrangements. We show that citizens extend this coalition‐based heuristic to the European integration dimension and, furthermore, that citizens’ coalition‐based inferences on this issue conflict with alternative measures of party positions derived from election manifestos and expert placements. We also show that citizens’ perceptions of party positions on Europe matter, in that they drive substantial partisan sorting in the electorate. Our findings have implications for parties’ election strategies and for mass‐elite policy linkages.
Pre‐diabetes tsunami: incidence rates and risk factors of pre‐diabetes and its different phenotypes over 9 years of follow‐up
Authors: Hadaegh F. , Derakhshan A. , Zafari N. , Khalili D. , Mirbolouk M. , Saadat N. , Azizi F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimsTo investigate the incidence of pre‐diabetes and its different phenotypes and the related risk factors during 9 years of follow‐up.MethodsA total of 5879 people (2597 men and 3282 women) aged ≥ 20 years, free of diabetes and pre‐diabetes, took part in the study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to evaluate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for all potential risk factors.ResultsOverall, 853 men and 902 women developed pre‐diabetes. Incidence rates of pre‐diabetes were 46.1 per 1000 person‐years in men and 36.8 per 1000 person‐years in women, while isolated impaired fasting glucose had the highest incidence rate among all pre‐diabetes phenotypes. In both sexes, age, family history of diabetes, fasting plasma glucose and 2–hour post‐challenge plasma glucose were related to incident pre‐diabetes. Among women, waist‐to‐height ratio [HR: 1.02 (1.00–1.03)] and being divorced/widowed compared with married [HR: 0.67 (0.52–0.87)] were significant predictors of pre‐diabetes; whereas among men, community‐based intervention [HR: 0.79 (0.68–0.90)], higher level of education and being single [HR: 0.77 (0.6–0.97)] were protective against progression to pre‐diabetes. Moreover, hip circumference among women [HR: 0.95 (0.93–0.98)] and current smoking among men [HR: 1.69 (1.15–2.48)] were related to incident combined impaired fasting glucose and impaired glucose tolerance.ConclusionMore than 4% of the Iranian population develop pre‐diabetes each year, emphasizing the important role of socio‐economic factors (marital status, education and smoking habits) and community‐based intervention in progression to impaired glucose regulations. Thus, emergent intervention is necessary to halt the tsunami of pre‐diabetes among the Iranian population.
Recessive mutations in the cancer gene Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM), at a locus previously associated with metformin response, cause dysglycaemia and insulin resistance
Authors: Connelly P. J. , Smith N. , Chadwick R. , Exley A. R. , Shneerson J. M. , Pearson E. R. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate glucose and insulin metabolism in participants with ataxia telangiectasia in the absence of a diagnosis of diabetes.MethodsA standard oral glucose tolerance test was performed in participants with ataxia telangiectasia (n = 10) and in a control cohort (n = 10). Serial glucose and insulin measurements were taken to permit cohort comparisons of glucose‐insulin homeostasis and indices of insulin secretion and sensitivity.ResultsDuring the oral glucose tolerance test, the 2‐h glucose (6.75 vs 4.93 mmol/l; P = 0.029), insulin concentrations (285.6 vs 148.5 pmol/l; P = 0.043), incremental area under the curve for glucose (314 vs 161 mmol/l/min; P = 0.036) and incremental area under the curve for insulin (37,720 vs 18,080 pmol/l/min; P = 0.03) were higher in participants with ataxia telangiectasia than in the controls. There were no significant differences between groups in fasting glucose, insulin concentrations or insulinogenic index measurement (0.94 vs 0.95; P = 0.95). The Matsuda index, reflecting whole‐body insulin sensitivity, was lower in participants with ataxia telangiectasia (5.96 vs 11.03; P = 0.019) than in control subjects.ConclusionsMutations in Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated (ATM) that cause ataxia telangiectasia are associated with elevated glycaemia and low insulin sensitivity in participants without diabetes. This indicates a role of ATM in glucose and insulin metabolic pathways.
Asynchronous hatching provides females with a means for increasing male care but incurs a cost by reducing offspring fitness
Authors: Ford L. E. , Smiseth P. T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn species with biparental care, sexual conflict occurs because the benefit of care depends on the total amount of care provided by the two parents while the cost of care depends on each parent's own contribution. Asynchronous hatching may play a role in mediating the resolution of this conflict over parental care. The sexual conflict hypothesis for the evolution of asynchronous hatching suggests that females adjust hatching patterns in order to increase male parental effort relative to female effort. We tested this hypothesis in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides by setting up experimental broods with three different hatching patterns: synchronous, asynchronous and highly asynchronous broods. As predicted, we found that males provided care for longer in asynchronous broods whereas the opposite was true of females. However, we did not find any benefit to females of reducing their duration of care in terms of increased lifespan or reduced mass loss during breeding. We found substantial negative effects of hatching asynchrony on offspring fitness as larval mass was lower and fewer larvae survived to dispersal in highly asynchronous broods compared to synchronous or asynchronous broods. Our results suggest that, even though females can increase male parental effort by hatching their broods more asynchronously, females pay a substantial cost from doing so in terms of reducing offspring growth and survival. Thus, females should be under selection to produce a hatching pattern that provides the best possible trade‐off between the benefits of increased male parental effort and the costs due to reduced offspring fitness.
Physical Activity Levels of Non-overweight, Overweight, and Obese Children During Physical Education
Authors: Pathare Neeti , Piche Kelly , Nicosia Andrea , Haskvitz Esther 
Published: November 2015

Purpose:The purpose of this study was to examine physical activity (PA) levels of young children classified by body mass index (BMI) (nonoverweight, overweight, and obese) during physical education classes.Method:Participants included 82 children (45 boys, 37 girls; 7.5 ± 1.2 years). PA was determined by the number of steps measured with pedometers. Data were analyzed with a three-way ANOVA (BMI × grade × gender).Results:No interaction was observed. There was a significant main effect for BMI. Children in the nonoverweight group took more steps than the children in overweight and obese groups during physical education classes.Discussion/Conclusion:The findings suggest that differences existed in PA during physical education classes in young children dependent on their BMI.
Effect of iron supplementation on psychomotor development of non-anaemic, exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants: a randomised, controlled trial
Authors: Chmielewska Anna , Chmielewski Grzegorz , Domellöf Magnus , Lewandowski Zbigniew , Szajewska Hania 
Published: November 2015

IntroductionUncertainty exists regarding the effects of iron supplementation during infancy on neurodevelopmental outcomes in the absence of anaemia. The aim of the study is to establish whether psychomotor and mental development is influenced by early iron supplementation in healthy, non-anaemic, exclusively or predominantly breastfed infants.Methods and analysisHealthy term infants will be recruited. If exclusively or predominantly breast fed (>50% of daily feedings) and not anaemic at 4 months, they will be randomised to receive either iron pyrophosphate (approximately 1 mg/kg) or placebo daily until 9 months of age. The primary outcome measure is neurodevelopment assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (Bayley-III) at 12 months, and repeated at 24 and 36 months of age. Haematological parameters of iron metabolism also will be measured.Ethics and disseminationThe Bioethics Committee of the Medical University of Warsaw approved the study protocol before recruitment started. Study results will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals in the fields of paediatrics and nutrition, and presented at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberNCT02242188.
Public libraries, librarians and censorship in Brazil during the Vargas Era and Military Regime
Authors: Laet Maria Aparecida 
Published: November 2015

<p>Review of the book LEITÃO, Bárbara Júlia Menezello. <em>Bibliotecas públicas, bibliotecários e censura na Era Vargas e Regime Militar</em>. São Paulo: Interciência, 2011. (available only in portuguese)</p><p> </p>
Entrevista no telejornalismo: configurações históricas da vigilância em programas de entrevista
Authors: Silva Fernanda Mauricio da 
Published: November 2015

<p>A entrevista é um formato do jornalismo constantemente associado a valores como interesse público, vigilância e objetividade. Na televisão, ela parece assumir contornos ainda mais evidentes de qualidade de apuração e busca por uma informação mais aprofundada. O presente artigo pretende demonstrar que essas concepções são construídas historicamente a partir de uma relação entre o telejornalismo e a cultura. Sendo assim, propomos uma breve análise sobre o modo como a entrevista foi se legitimando no telejornalismo e incorporando seus valores, especialmente o de vigilância. Para isso, assumimos que o telejornalismo é uma forma cultural e que as formas de fazer entrevista se articulam fortemente com o contexto cultural que a insere. Ao final, apresentamos alguns caminhos metodológicos para a análise do telejornalismo.</p>
Crônica de um verão e Jogo de cena: tecendo outros cotidianos
Authors: Silva Míriam Cristina Carlos 
Published: November 2015

<p>Este artigo analisa o documentário como um processo experimental de linguagem, no qual o cotidiano é explicitado para servir como possibilidade de reflexão e crítica. Discute-se o recorte realizado pelo diretor, que se torna também narrador: aquele que ouve e realiza a mediação da experiência relatada por seus entrevistados. A partir das aproximações entre Crônica de um verão, de Jean Rouch, e Jogo de cena, de Eduardo Coutinho, fica demonstrada a possibilidade da prática destes documentaristas como um método de pesquisa, ou melhor, como metáporo – na proposição de Marcondes – do qual se pode extrair, também, um conceito de comunicação.</p>
Panorama da exibição das séries policiais na televisão brasileira
Authors: Furuzawa Camila Prado 
Published: November 2015

<p>Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar o panorama de exibição das séries, especialmente as do gênero policial, na televisão brasileira aberta e por assinatura. Demonstramos as possíveis explicações para a popularidade ou fracasso desse formato e gênero nas nossas emissoras e, também, as ameaças que o formato de seriado pode vir a sofrer tendo em vista o surgimento de novas mídias, em destaque no século XXI.</p>
Epidemiology of Ski Injuries: Effect of Method of Skill Acquisition and Release Binding Accident Rates
Authors: Shealy Jasper E. , Geyer Lewis H. , Hayden Robert 
Published: November 2015

An epidemiological study of a closed population of 2071 skiers investigated the effects of method of skill acquisition and type of release binding on accident rates. The population was observed for an entire skiing season. Accidents numbering 221 were generated by the population. Distributions within the population of age, sex, skill level, years of experience, marital status, and type of binding used were obtained prior to the start of the season. Exposure to risk was obtained at the end of the season. Injury data included measures of severity, location of injury (upper vs. lower extremity), ski patrol involvement, binding release or not, and overall and lower-extremity injury rates. Conclusions drawn are: (1) lessons as presently structured are not contributing to ski safety and, in fact, are associated with high accident rates; (2) bindings that have more than two release modes (up at the heel laterally at the toe, roll about longitudinal axis, etc.) have lower accident rates than those with only two release modes; (3) cable bindings are categorically dangerous by every accident variable available; and (4) a significant sex by binding-type interaction exists that has important implications for both female skiers and binding designers.
Systems Safety in Recreational and Powered Garden Vehicles
Authors: Sowa Vincent M. , Fraser T. M. 
Published: November 2015

This paper is concerned with the development of a standardized dynamic evaluation process which will be applicable to specialized power consumer vehicles on which the operator rides. The standardized process will be suitable for evaluation of vehicles with specialized functions such as boats, lawnmowers, snowmobiles, all-terrain vehicles, golf carts, industrial vehicles, and farm equipment. The proposed method differs from existing practices, which are usually limited to employing static human engineering standards in vehicle design and testing, and generally give inadequate consideration to dynamic operating influences. The authors believe that the vehicle should be considered not only as a dynamic man-machine system, but as a dynamic man-machine system operating within a variety of dynamic environments. Only by such complete analysis will adequate safety be assured.
Continuous Thickness Control of Centrifugally Cast Concrete Pipes by an Ultrasonic Echo-System
Authors: de Raad J. A. , de Sterke A. 
Published: November 2015

Large diameter pipes of prestressed concrete with a length of 10–20 ft. used for water transport are made in rotating moulds. To control the thickness of these concrete pipes during production, an ultrasonic pulse-echo system mounted at the end of the feeder is used. Basically, the air gap between feeder and inner pipe wall is continuously measured, whereby deviations due to misalignment of the feeder are electronically compensated. A prototype version of the system has proved its usefulness. An accuracy of ±5% of the nominal wall thickness was obtained.
The Ergonomics of Panel Layout
Authors: Spencer J. 
Published: November 2015

The ergonomics of instrument panels is very important, and will continue to be so for some considerable time to come if we assume that man will retain executive responsibility for the majority of industrial enterprises. The reason why research in this area is limited is discussed, and then such research as seems relevant in order either to suggest guiding principles for successful panel design, or to indicate where research is needed to complete our knowledge is briefly outlined.
Activities of the Centre Technique in the Field of Consistency Measurement
Authors: de Marcé M , Badouin M. 
Published: November 2015

A brief account of a few aspects of the work done at the Centre Technique de I'Industrie du Papier in consistency measurements on fibrous suspensions is given. The work is essentially industrial. In principle, no exhaustive laboratory studies of apparatus for metering consistency or other characteristics have been undertaken, but, either at the request of the sponsors, the French paper makers, or in connection with certain aspects ofits own work, the Centre has collected a certain amount of data. A detailed account of precise and comprehensive results is not given. By presenting the problems in which it is interested and through the methods used, the Centre's desire for technical co-operation is indicated. The first part of the paper deals with concentrations over 2, 0% and the second with lower consistencies. How the two aspects are connected is briefly shown against the background of a more extensive programme ofstudies undertaken by the Centre.
The Utilisation of Natural Gas Burners and Processes
Authors: Smith H. R. 
Published: November 2015

Manufactured town gas as we now know it will, in the near future, be replaced by natural gas, and all gas burning plant will be designed accordingly. In view of this, and of the problems of conversion of existing gas fired plant to burn natural gas, the paper compares the properties of the two types of gas with particular reference to the relatively low reaction rate and narrow flammability range of natural gas. Methods of overcoming flame instability arising from these characteristics are discussed, and an indication given of the probable influence of natural gas on plant design. When properly used, natural gas is a satisfactory fuel, but it is much less tolerant than town gas of crude burner and plant design. In many cases the necessary elimination of crude equipment in favour of more sophisticated designs will lead to improved performance.