bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ticket to ride - Allele delivery by rail in secondary ruderal colonization byArabidopsis arenosa
Authors: Baduel Pierre , Hunter Ben , Yeola Sarang , Bomblies Kirsten 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHuman-generated ruderal habitats are abundant, but challenging for plants. Some ruderal habitats, however, provide networked corridors (e.g. roadsides and railways) that can facilitate rapid long-distance spread of successfully adapted variants. Here we use transcriptomic and genomic analyses, coupled with genetic mapping and transgenics to understand adaptation to railways inArabidopsis arenosa. We show normally perennialA.arenosaswitched to rapid cycling, a common adaptation for ruderal plants, at least twice upon railway colonization. We further show substantial gene flow from a widely distributed railway colonist likely contributed to secondary colonization by a non-ruderal type, highlighting how connectivity can affect adaptability. We find loss of expression of the reproductive repressorFLOWERING LOCUS C(FLC) is likely primarily responsible for rapid cycling in the widely distributed railway variant. However, a second railway colonist in the Alps also cycles rapidly, but retains highFLC. Some alleles in this population encode non-functional proteins, suggestingFLChas started to decay, but most are functional. Instead, this population likely circumvents FLC via a derived allele ofCONSTANS (CO), which shows strong evidence of selection in this population. Importantly, we find this CO allele arrived via gene flow from the widespread ruderal, where it was also previously under selection. This suggests ruderal adaptation may have been progressive, perhaps in both cases, with FLC-circumvention arising first, and FLC loss arising later but ultimately obscuring its earlier circumvention. These snapshots of railway adaptation highlight that gene flow from widespread ruderals can provide opportunities for subsequent adaptation by local genotypes.
Endosymbiont diversity and evolution across weevil tree of life
Authors: Zhang Guanyang , Browne Patrick , Zhen Geng , Johnston Andrew , Cadillo-Quiroz Hinsby , Franz Nico 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTAs early as the time of Paul Buchner, a pioneer of endosymbionts research, it was shown that weevils host diverse bacterial endosymbionts, probably only second to the hemipteran insects. To date, there is no taxonomically broad survey of endosymbionts in weevils, which preclude any systematic understanding of the diversity and evolution of endosymbionts in this large group of insects, which comprise nearly 7% of described diversity of all insects. We gathered the largest known taxonomic sample of weevils representing four families and 17 subfamilies to perform a study of weevil endosymbionts. We found that the diversity of endosymbionts is exceedingly high, with as many as 44 distinct kinds of endosymbionts detected. We recovered an ancient origin of association ofNardonellawith weevils, dating back to 124 MYA. We found repeated losses of this endosymbionts, but also cophylogeny with weevils. We also investigated patterns of coexistence and coexclusion.
Male-driven reinforcement and cascade reinforcement in darters
Authors: Moran R. L. , Fuller R. C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReinforcement can act in response to maladaptive hybridization by selecting for increased discrimination against heterospecifics mates in sympatry compared to allopatry (i.e., reproductive character displacement - RCD). Additionally, reinforcement can select for increased discrimination against heterospecifics in a fighting context in sympatry compared to allopatry (i.e., agonistic character displacement - ACD). Because it directly affects conspecific recognition traits (signals and/or preferences), reinforcement between two species in sympatry can incidentally cause behavioral isolation among populations within a species, termed cascade reinforcement. Here we demonstrate that a pattern consistent with male-driven RCD and ACD is present between two groups of darters (orangethroat darter cladeCeasiaand rainbow darterEtheostoma caeruleum). Increased male discrimination against heterospecific females as mates and increased male discrimination against heterospecific males as competitors is present in sympatry. Furthermore, there is a pattern consistent with male-driven cascade RCD and cascade ACD withinCeasia. We found low levels of discrimination between two species ofCeasiathat occur in allopatry from one another and in allopatry withE. caeruleum. This result contrasts that of a recent study which observed high levels of behavioral isolation betweenCeasiaspecies that occurred in sympatry withE. caeruleum. We suggest reinforcement betweenCeasiaandE. caeruleumin sympatry has led to the evolution of behavioral isolation between lineages withinCeasiathat occur in sympatry withE. caeruleumbut in allopatry with respect to one another (i.e., cascade reinforcement). This study demonstrates the ability of male behavior to simultaneously drive sympatric and allopatric speciation via reinforcement.
A Tetratricopeptide Repeat Protein Regulates Carotenoid Biosynthesis and Chromoplast Development in Monkeyflowers (Mimulus)
Authors: Stanley Lauren E. , Ding Baoqing , Sun Wei , Mou Fengjuan , Hill Connor , Chen Shilin , Yuan Yao-Wu 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe incredible diversity of floral color and pattern in nature is largely determined by the transcriptional regulation of anthocyanin and carotenoid biosynthetic genes. While the transcriptional control of anthocyanin biosynthesis is well understood, little is known about the factors regulating the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in flowers. Here, we characterize theReduced Carotenoid Pigmentation 2(RCP2) locus from two monkeyflower (Mimulus) species, the bumblebee-pollinatedM. lewisiiand hummingbird-pollinatedM. verbenaceus. We show that loss-of-function mutations ofRCP2cause drastic down-regulation of the entire carotenoid biosynthetic pathway in these species. Through bulk segregant analysis and transgenic experiments, we have identified the causal gene underlyingRCP2, encoding a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein that is closely related to theArabidopsisReduced Chloroplast Coverage (REC) proteins. RCP2 appears to regulate carotenoid biosynthesis independently of RCP1, a previously identified R2R3-MYB master regulator of carotenoid biosynthesis. We show that RCP2 is required for chromoplast development and suggest that it most likely regulates the expression of carotenoid biosynthetic genes through chromoplast-to-nucleus retrograde signaling. Furthermore, we demonstrate thatM. verbenaceusis just as amenable to chemical mutagenesis andin plantatransformation as the more extensively studiedM. lewisii, making these two species an excellent platform for comparative developmental genetics studies of two closely related species with dramatic phenotypic divergence.
Weak interactions between groups and physical drivers of community dynamics in coastal phytoplankton
Authors: Barraquand F. , Picoche C. , Maurer D. , Carassou L. , Auby I. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhytoplanktonic communities maintain a high diversity in a seemingly homogeneous environment, competing for the same set of resources. Many theories have been proposed to explain this coexistence despite likely competition, such as contrasted responses to temporal environmental variation. However, theory has developed at a faster pace than its empirical evaluation using field data, that requires to infer biotic and abiotic drivers of community dynamics from observational time series. Here, we combine autoregressive models with a data set spanning more than 20 years of biweekly plankton counts and abiotic variables, including nutrients and physical variables. By comparing models dominated by nutrients or physical variables (hydrodynamics and climate), we first explore which abiotic factors contribute more to phytoplankton growth and decline. We find that physical drivers - such as irradiance, wind, and salinity - explain some of the variability in abundances unexplained by biotic interactions. In contrast, responses to nutrients explain less of phytoplankton variability. Concerning biotic drivers of community dynamics, multivariate autoregressive models reveal that competition between different groups (at the genus level for most) has a much weaker effect on population growth rates than competition within a group. In fact, the few biotic interactions between genera that are detected are frequently positive. Hence, our system is unlikely to be best represented as a set of competitors whose differing responses to fluctuating environments allow coexistence, as in “paradox of the plankton” models with a storage effect or a relative nonlinearity of competition. Coexistence is more likely to result from stabilizing niche differences, manifested through high intragroup density-dependence. Competition between planktonic groups and nutrients are often invoked as drivers of phytoplankton dynamics; our findings suggest instead that more attention should be given to the physical structure of the environment and natural enemies, for coastal phytoplankton at least.
How Many Females Are There? Cheating and Female Dispersion Can Explain Mating Behavior Evolution
Authors: Gomes B. V. , Guimarães D. M. , Szczupak D. , Neves K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractOnly around 3% of all mammalian species are socially monogamous and the conditions that favor the evolution of this mating system in mammals are not well understood. With several approaches, studies have proposed different hypotheses relating female dispersion and infanticide as drivers for the evolution of social monogamy. Here, we used an agent-based model, that allowed us to examine how different mating behaviors affect populations in a controlled computational environment. We found that the evolution of social monogamy does not rely on a single factor. Rather, our experimental results support an interplay of different factors in the evolution of social monogamy – female dispersion and availability and breeding season duration – and suggests that polygamy will only evolve in populations with a female-biased operational sex ratio or one where cheating is common. These results can explain why social monogamy is so uncommon in mammals and points to new lines for ethological investigation of mammalian behavior.
Wind climate parameters, performance and reliability assessment of wind energy farm
Authors: Hulio Zahid Hussain , Jiang Wei 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze wind climate parameters and performance functions, on the basis of two years of data, and reliability of Pakistan’s first wind farm located at Jhimpir, Sindh.

Design/methodology/approach
The methodology covers assessment of wind climate parameters including wind variation at different hub heights, wind shear and diurnal wind shear. In addition, a performance assessment of a wind farm on the basis of technical and real availability, capacity factor and failure rate of mechanical and electrical components has been conducted. The Weibull method has been used for reliability analysis. The maintenance model is proposed for improving the performance. Last is about annual energy volume lost and of financial constraints’ assessment.

Findings
The monthly mean wind variation at heights of 80, 60 and 30 m was found to be 8, 6.9 and 5.9 m/s, respectively. The monthly mean wind shear coefficient was found to be 0.2419. The performance assessment of the wind farm includes technical and real availability, and the capacity factor was found to be 97, 90 and 35.5 per cent, respectively. The failure rate found in the first and second year was 8 and 14 per cent, respectively. Reliability decreased from the first year to the second year, i.e. 0.89 to 0.71 per cent. The components’ failure frequency rose to 57.2 per cent in the second year. The lost energy production due to electrical and mechanical failures was 27.241 GWh in two years that cost Pakistani Rs. 329.8m.

Originality/value
The results of the assessment show that a wind farm needs drastic maintenance strategies to maximize the its performance.
Contextual determinants in disclosing one’s stigmatized identity during expatriation
Authors: Kim Kowoon , Von Glinow Mary Ann 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to add to the understanding of the international work experiences of lesbian and gay self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) with a particular focus on the effects of different contexts on their disclosure decisions. In doing so, this study responds to the call for more empirical and extensive studies of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) expatriates.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is based on in-depth analysis of four interviews of lesbian and gay SIEs.FindingsThe findings presented in this paper support three contextual determinants – personal, organizational, and country-level context. These contextual determinants significantly influence lesbian and gay SIEs’ disclosure decisions and their overall international work experience.Originality/valueGiven the rapid globalization and dynamic business environment, workforce diversity has become a business imperative over the past few decades. Diversity in today’s workforce includes not simply gender and racial diversity, but also age, culture, sexual orientation, religion, education, and disabilities as primary categories of diversity. Moreover, new technologies require highly skilled labor the world over, exacerbating existing global talent shortages. These advancements in technology, accompanied by massive shortfalls in skilled labor, have expanded the pool of potential expatriates to include those non-traditional ones who have been excluded from international assignments. Particularly, as LGBT rights to equal employment opportunity and their potential contributions to international assignments have been increasingly recognized worldwide in recent years, attention to LGBT expatriates has grown exponentially. Nevertheless, neither their experiences as lesbian and gay SIEs in international assignments nor the effects of contexts on those experiences, including disclosure decisions, have yet to be fully explored. In this sense, this paper provides a contribution to the deeper understanding of lesbian and gay SIEs in multidimensional contexts of an international assignment. Although the study examined lesbian and gay expatriates, results suggest insights into the entire LGBT expatriate community.
Organizational practices for the expatriates’ adjustment: a systematic review
Authors: Sousa Cátia , Gonçalves Gabriela , Santos Joana , Leitão José 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The globalization of work has contributed to a great increment in cross-cultural interactions, contributing to a new impetus in the expatriates’ topic. The costs associated with the failed international missions are high, and the identification of effective adjustment strategies is of extreme importance, both for organizations and for individuals. The purpose of this paper is to identify the kind of practices that are developed by organizations and their impact on the adjustment of expatriates.

Design/methodology/approach
To achieve the proposed objective, a systematic review of literature (from the late 1980s to the present day) will be carried out.

Findings
Based on five articles on the topic, the results show that there are few studies that assess the impact of the types of adjustment to organizational practices, with the cross-cultural training and language training being the most common. These practices have shown a positive effect on performance and adjustment of expatriates.

Originality/value
The authors feel the lack of studies that have adequate indicators to measure the integration and effectiveness of the adjustment of expatriates.
Work-to-personal-life conflict among dual and single-career expatriates
Authors: Mäkelä Liisa , Lämsä Anna-Maija , Heikkinen Suvi , Tanskanen Jussi 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore if an expatriate’s career situation at the level of the couple (single career couple (SCC)/dual career couple (DCC)) is related to the expatriate’s work-to-personal-life conflict (WLC) and if the expatriate’s gender is related to WLC. The authors also investigate if the level of WLC is different for men and women in a DCC or SCC (interaction).

Design/methodology/approach
The study was conducted among 393 Finnish expatriates who were in a relationship and were working. A moderated hierarchical regression was utilized in the data analysis.

Findings
Gender or DCC/SCC status was not separately related to WLC but an interaction effect between gender and a couple’s career status on WLC was significant. In DCC couples, women experienced more WLC than men. In SCC couples, women experienced less WLC than men.

Practical implications
The findings indicate that organizations should develop practices to support both DCCs and SCCs, for instance, by providing mentors for expatriates and their family members, or through organizing family events for company employees. Couples should also negotiate their roles and responsibilities in both the personal life and work-life spheres before moving abroad and also during the time they live abroad, especially women involved in a DCC and men involved in an SCC.

Originality/value
This is the first study focusing on expatriates’ WLC that simultaneously takes account of how the gender and career situation of the couple are related to it.
The new capital raised in IPOs
Authors: Jin Chuntai , Li Tianze , Zheng Steven Xiaofan , Zhong Ke 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to answer the following three questions about the new capital raised in initial public offerings (IPOs): why do some IPO companies raise a lot of new capital while some others do not? Where do the IPO companies use the new capital they raise in IPOs? How does the use of new capital affect the operating performance of IPO companies?Design/methodology/approachMatching firm approach, univariate and regression tests.FindingsThis paper finds that companies with higher research and development (R&D) spending, higher capital expenditure, lower working capital and more long-term debt tend to raise more capital in IPOs. These firms also spend more on R&D and capital expenditure. The results also suggest that the more the new capital firms raise in IPOs, the lower operating performance they have in subsequent years. However, firms spending more new capital on R&D and capital expenditure seem to perform better.Originality/valueThese results help us understand the behavior of IPO firms.
From “participant” to “friend”: the role of Facebook engagement in ethnographic research
Authors: Edirisingha Prabash Aminda , Abarashi Jamal , Ferguson Shelagh , Aitken Rob 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the methodological significance and potential of integrating Facebook in ethnographic research. The authors discuss how friendly relationships with participants could be initiated, fostered and managed by incorporating Facebook in ethnographic data collection and how such relationships deepen ethnographic interpretation.Design/methodology/approachThis paper focuses on the methodological implications of adopting “friendship as method” during ethnographic research. The discussion is premised upon a longitudinal, multi-method ethnographic research process exploring new family identity formation in Sri Lanka and New Zealand.FindingsBuilding on friendship theories, the authors suggest that Facebook engagement helps overcome three challenges inherent to ethnographic research: gaining access and immersion, capturing multiple perspectives, and developing rich and thick interpretations. The findings illustrate that adopting Facebook as a platform to strengthen friendships with research participants expands the researcher’s field by enabling him to follow the ethics and pace of conventional friendship and by inspiring dialogical interaction with participants. Thus, it is suggested that Facebook helps diluting the power hierarchy in the participant–researcher relationship and encourages participants to reveal more subtle details of their mundane lived experiences.Originality/valueEven though researchers have often used social media interactions in ethnographic research, there is no theoretical foundation to understand how such interactions could better inform the depth and richness of research phenomena. Particularly, considering the emerging significance of social media in personal identity construction, sustenance and enactment, it is import to understand how such mediums enable researchers overcome inherent methodological complexities. Therefore, this paper contributes to literature on conventional ethnography, netnography and friendship theories by presenting a theoretical framework to understand how Facebook interaction contributes to overcome challenges in conducting ethnographic research.
How memorable experiences influence brand preference
Authors: Stach Jens 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to illuminate mechanisms through which memorable experiences with brands create lasting preferences. It is based on the proposition that intense positive (negative) affective consumption in the consumer’s youth creates powerful imprints, which influence brand preference (distaste) throughout life.Design/methodology/approachAutobiographical memories with Nutella are retrieved from three different user groups, i.e. heavy-, light- and non-users. The retrieved memory narratives are analysed using conditioning theory, i.e. operant, classical or no conditioning are identified and compared across groups.FindingsThe research’s central proposition is affirmed, yet the dominant form of conditioning mechanism differs per group. Operant conditioning outperforms classical conditioning in creating strong and lasting preferences. Heavy- and non-users predominantly exhibit in-tensely positive and negative operant conditioning, respectively. Light-users on the other hand recall less affectively intense consumption experiences, mainly featuring classical conditioning. The light-users’ recollections suggest a mere exposure effect to be more appropriate in describing the preference formation in this user group.Research limitations/implicationsUsers not having experienced affectively intense consumption, i.e. light-users, are likely to be influenced in their preference over time through other factors, which this paper does not focus on.Practical implicationsMemory elicitation and exploration provides valuable insights to shape both promotional as well as advertising strategies.Originality/valueThe study extends existing theory on conditioning in marketing by first using a novel qualitative approach to analyse conditioning procedures in real-life settings, and second, it highlights operant conditioning’s superior ability in creating lasting preferences.