bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Powering In-pipe Wireless Sensors Using Flexible Piezoelectric Micro-generators
Authors: Keddis Sherif , Schwesinger Norbert 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a new piezoelectric energy harvester that generates sufficient energy to power wireless sensor nodes autonomously. Multiple PVDF-foils are layered alternately with electrode foils and wound to a spool. Due to induced turbulence inside standard flow pipes the piezoelectric foils are forced to oscillate converting kinetic energy into mechanical stress thus generating electrical charge. The new multilayer spool design tackles the common disadvantages of similar harvesters related to low piezoelectric coefficients of Polyvinylidene-fluoride or brittleness of Lead-zirconate-titanate. Wind channel experiments to prove the feasibility of the concept result in a harvested output power of 0.54 μW at a wind velocity of 7 m/s. With efficient duty cycling of the sensor node 324 μWs of energy are available for data transmission. The presented harvester is proposed as a universal power supply for sensors inside pipe systems. All of the systems components are included inside the pipe allowing for a maintenance-free deployment of sensors in remote locations.
Bayesian Prediction Bounds for the Exponential-Type Distribution Based on Ordered Ranked Set Sampling
Authors: Kotb Mohammed S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We suggest a ranked set sample method to improve Bayesian prediction intervals.
The paper deals with the Bayesian prediction intervals in the context of an ordered ranked
set sample from a certain class of exponential-type distributions.
A proper general prior density function is used and the predictive cumulative function is obtained in the two-sample case. The special case of linear exponential distributed observations is considered and completed with numerical results.
Small Printed Tri-band Antenna with Reduced Ground-plane Effect
Authors: Wang Zhangjing , Peng Yang , Ran Yahua , Qin Wenfei , Yang Hongchun 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a small printed tri-band antenna with a reduced ground-plane effect for WLAN/M-WIMAX applications. The radiator and ground plane of the antenna are etched on a printed circuit board with an overall size of 25×24.5×0.762 mm3. A rectangular notch and a circular slot are cut from the radiator while an asymmetrical strip is attached to the radiator. The simulation and measurement suggest that the printed antenna achieves three operating bandwidths of 2.4–2.484 GHz and 5.15–5.35 GHz for WLAN, 3.3–3.69 GHz for M-WIMAX for a 10-dB return loss, and high gains on Y-Z plane of 2.1, 3.3 and 4.8 dB at 2.4, 3.5 and 5.2 GHz, respectively. In particular, the ground-plane effect on impedance performance is significantly reduced by minimising the size of the ground plane and then by cutting a notch and a circular slot from the radiator because the electric currents on the ground plane are significantly suppressed at all the operating bandwidths. In addition, a study on the geometrical and electrical parameters of the proposed antenna may be a useful reference for antenna engineers.
Design of Single- and Dual-Band Power Dividers Integrated Filtering Responses Based on SIRs
Authors: Wei Feng , Chen Ning-Wei , Li Wei-Jin , Chen Lei 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper, two single- and dual-band equal power dividers (PDs) integrated filtering responses are proposed using quarter-wavelength stepped-impedance resonators (SIRs). By appropriately adjusting the impedances and electric length ratios of SIRs, the proposed structures can achieve compact sizes and wide stop-band performances. In addition, source-load coupling is applied to create a pair of transmission zeros at each side of the pass-bands, which can improve effectively the frequency selectivity and the out-of-band rejection. To validate the design theory, two single- and dual-band PDs with good filtering responses are designed, implemented and measured, respectively. The predicted results on S parameters are compared with the measured ones and good agreement is achieved.
The role of Her2 and other oncogenes of the PI3K/AKT pathway in mitochondria
Authors: Rohlenova Katerina , Neuzil Jiri , Rohlena Jakub 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Altered metabolism and resistance to cell death are typical hallmarks of cancer phenotype. Mitochondria are organelles central to cellular metabolism as well as to cell death induction. Hyperactivation of pro-survival and pro-proliferative pathways such as PI3K/AKT leads to cancer initiation, which affects mitochondria. Growing body of evidence indicates that oncogenes such as HER2, EGFR and RAS, as well as the downstream members of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, directly regulate mitochondria by translocating to the organelle. Here we discuss evidence of this scenario and consider mechanisms for direct regulation of mitochondrial function. Being in close proximity to mitochondrial bioenergetics machinery as well as to the regulators/executors of programed cell death, oncogenes in mitochondria may be ideally placed to perform this task. This represents a thus far under-explored area, which may be relevant to better understanding of cancer initiation, progression and treatment.
A Comparative Study of Hot Deformation Behaviors for Sand Casting and Centrifugal Casting Q235B Flange Blanks
Authors: Qin Fangcheng , Li Yongtang , Ju Li 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Hot compression tests of sand casting and centrifugal casting Q235B flange blanks were performed at strain rate range of 0.01–5 s−1 and temperature range of 850–1,150 °C. The evolutions of microstructure and texture were revealed. The constitutive models based on Arrhenius constitutive modeling were proposed by considering the effects of strain on material constants. The results show that recrystallization in centrifugal casting Q235B is more apparent than that in sand casting, resulting in the finer grains and lower flow stress for centrifugal casting Q235B. The intensities of textures slightly weaken with the increase of temperature. At 1,050 °C and 5 s−1, the textures of sand casting are characterized by strong {001}<100> and {001}<110>, which are related with severe deformation, while the textures of centrifugal casting are composed of {110}<110> and {111}<112>, which are related with dynamic recovery and shear deformation. A good agreement between the predicted and experimental flow stress is achieved and demonstrates that the proposed constitutive models are reliable.
Effect of the Platinum Electroplated Layer Thickness on the Coatings’ Microstructure
Authors: Zagula-Yavorska Maryana , Gancarczyk Kamil , Sieniawski Jan 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
CMSX 4 and Inconel 625 superalloys were coated by platinum layers (3 and 7 μm thick) in the electroplating process. The heat treatment of platinum layers (at 1,050 ˚C for 2 h) was performed to increase platinum adherence to the superalloys substrate. The diffusion zone obtained on CMSX 4 superalloy (3 and 7 μm platinum thick before heat treatment) consisted of two phases: γ-Ni(Al, Cr) and (Al0.25Pt0.75)Ni3. The diffusion zone obtained on Inconel 625 superalloy (3 μm platinum thick before heat treatment) consisted of the α-Pt(Ni, Cr, Al) phase. Moreover, γ-Ni(Cr, Al) phase was identified. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results revealed the presence of platinum in the diffusion zone of the heat-treated coating (7 μm platinum thick) on Inconel 625 superalloy. The surface roughness parameter Ra of heat-treated coatings increased with the increase of platinum layers thickness. This was due to the unequal mass flow of platinum and nickel.
Maximum Velocities in Flexion and Extension Actions for Sport
Authors: Jessop David M. , Pain Matthew T.G. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Speed of movement is fundamental to the outcome of many human actions. A variety of techniques can be implemented in order to maximise movement speed depending on the goal of the movement, constraints, and the time available. Knowing maximum movement velocities is therefore useful for developing movement strategies but also as input into muscle models. The aim of this study was to determine maximum flexion and extension velocities about the major joints in upper and lower limbs. Seven university to international level male competitors performed flexion/extension at each of the major joints in the upper and lower limbs under three conditions: isolated; isolated with a countermovement; involvement of proximal segments. 500 Hz planar high speed video was used to calculate velocities. The highest angular velocities in the upper and lower limb were 50.0 rad·s-1 and 28.4 rad·s-1, at the wrist and knee, respectively. As was true for most joints, these were achieved with the involvement of proximal segments, however, ANOVA analysis showed few significant differences (p<0.05) between conditions. Different segment masses, structures and locations produced differing results, in the upper and lower limbs, highlighting the requirement of segment specific strategies for maximal movements.
Balance Maintenance in the Upright Body Position: Analysis of Autocorrelation
Authors: Stodolka¹ Jacek , Golema² Marian , Migasiewicz Juliusz 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The present research aimed to analyze values of the autocorrelation function measured for different time values of ground reaction forces during stable upright standing. It was hypothesized that if recording of force in time depended on the quality and way of regulating force by the central nervous system (as a regulator), then the application of autocorrelation for time series in the analysis of force changes in time function would allow to determine regulator properties and its functioning. The study was performed on 82 subjects (students, athletes, senior and junior soccer players and subjects who suffered from lower limb injuries). The research was conducted with the use of two Kistler force plates and was based on measurements of ground reaction forces taken during a 15 s period of standing upright while relaxed. The results of the autocorrelation function were statistically analyzed. The research revealed a significant correlation between a derivative extreme and velocity of reaching the extreme by the autocorrelation function, described as gradient strength. Low correlation values (all statistically significant) were observed between time of the autocorrelation curve passing through 0 axis and time of reaching the first peak by the said function. Parameters computed on the basis of the autocorrelation function are a reliable means to evaluate the process of flow of stimuli in the nervous system. Significant correlations observed between the parameters of the autocorrelation function indicate that individual parameters provide similar properties of the central nervous system.
Two-Man Bobsled Push Start Analysis
Authors: Lopes Alexandre Dias , Alouche Sandra Regina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The importance of push start times on bobsled performance was evidenced by some studies, but at this moment there is no article to the authors’ knowledge that describes the bobsled push start. Thus, the objectives of this study were to describe the two-man bobsled push start, analyze the differences between teams, and estimate the most important variable analyzed. We hypothesized that the pilot and brakeman athletes’ movement patterns during a bobsled pushing start can be described. The images used in this study were obtained during the men’s two-man XIV World Championship of Bobsled (2004). Fifteen best teams participating in the championship were recorded, and four start runs for each team were analyzed. The videos were captured by two digital video cameras. The pilot athletes were analyzed during the moment that they touched the lateral push bar of the sled, and the brakemen were analyzed during the first take-off and first landing. The teams were pooled in three groups of five teams using the final ranking of pushing time. We concluded that there was a distinct pattern movement for pilots and brakemen. The initial position of the majority of the pilots was localized slightly behind the bar. After touching the lateral bar, the pilots remained in a semi-squat position, pushing the sled forward in a pattern of marching movement. All brakemen used the board attached to the track as a support for both feet at the start. The brakeman gave the greatest contribution to break the inertia of the sled. There was no significant difference of movement between the three groups analyzed for the pilot and the brakeman.
The Relationship Between the Lower-Body Muscular Profile and Swimming Start Performance
Authors: García-Ramos Amador , Tomazin Katja , Feriche Belén , Strojnik Vojko , de la Fuente Blanca , Argüelles-Cienfuegos Javier , Strumbelj Boro , Štirn Igor 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the correlation of different dry land strength and power tests with swimming start performance. Twenty international level female swimmers (age 15.3 ± 1.6 years, FINA point score 709.6 ± 71.1) performed the track freestyle start. Additionally, dry land tests were conducted: a) squat (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ), b) squat jumps with additional resistance equivalent to 25, 50, 75 and 100% of swimmers’ body weight [BW]), and c) leg extension and leg flexion maximal voluntary isometric contractions. Correlations between dry land tests and start times at 5, 10 and 15 m were quantified through Pearson’s linear correlation coefficients (r). The peak bar velocity reached during the jumps with additional resistance was the variable most correlated to swimming start performance (r = -0.57 to -0.66 at 25%BW; r = -0.57 to -0.72 at 50%BW; r = -0.59 to -0.68 at 75%BW; r = -0.50 to - 0.64 at 100%BW). A few significant correlations between the parameters of the SJ and the CMJ with times of 5 and 10 m were found, and none with the isometric variables. The peak velocity reached during jumps with external loads relative to BW was found a good indicator of swimming start performance.
The Activity Profile of Young Tennis Athletes Playing on Clay and Hard Courts: Preliminary Data
Authors: Adriano Pereira Lucas , Freitas Victor , Arruda Moura Felipe , Saldanha Aoki Marcelo , Loturco Irineu , Yuzo Nakamura Fábio 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare the kinematic characteristics of tennis matches between red clay and hard courts in young tennis players. Eight young tennis players performed two tennis matches on different court surfaces. The match activities were monitored using GPS units. The distance covered in different velocity ranges and the number of accelerations were analyzed. The paired t test and inference based on magnitudes were used to compare the match physical performance between groups. The total distance (24% of difference), high-intensity running distance (15 - 18 km/h) (30% of difference), the number of high-intensity activities (44% of difference), the body load (1% of difference), and accelerations >1.5 g (1.5-2 g and >2 g 7.8 and 8.1 % of difference, respectively) were significantly greater in clay court than hard court matches (p < 0.05). Matches played on the red clay court required players to cover more total and high-intensity running distances and engage in more high-intensity activities than the matches played on the hard court. Finally, on the clay court the body load and the number of accelerations performed (>1.5 g) were possibly higher than on the hard court.
Mesoporous nanotubes as biomaterials
Authors: Coffer Jeffery L. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract:This review provides an overview of selected recent research efforts that employ the use of mesoporous nanotubes in a biomaterial context, e.g. principally as a therapeutic or biosensing platform. We focus on the compositions of alumina, boron nitride, silica, silicon, titania, and zinc oxide, along with selected accounts involving single-walled carbon nanotubes. Where known, attention is directed toward the biodegradability and biocompatibility of a given nanotube type, its tunability of size and surface chemistry, and relevance of these parameters to its function as a biomaterial.
Rhythmic parsing
Authors: Kentner Gerrit 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA controlled reading experiment reveals that stress-based linguistic rhythm impinges on syntactic ambiguity resolution in silent and oral reading. The results suggest that, at points of syntactic underspecification, the accruing prosodic representation may affect even the earliest stages of structure building, viz. the analysis of syntactic features of an ambiguous word. Such an effect remains inexplicable in the context of (psycho-)linguistic theories that assume a strictly unidirectional relationship between syntactic and phonological processes, the latter merely interpreting the conditions the syntactic component imposes on it. Here, a performance compatible grammar in the framework of Optimal Parsing is presented that is capable of capturing the reading data. The model integrates syntactic parsing and prosodification in reading and predicts that, at points of syntactic indetermination, weak prosodic constraints alone may guide syntactic structure assignment. This suggests a bidirectional relationship between syntax and phonology in grammar and processing while, at the same time, confirming a tight coupling of language production and comprehension.
High vowel distribution and trochaic markedness in Québécois
Authors: Bosworth Yulia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper argues for quantity-sensitive, trochaic foot structure in Québécois French, which allows for a unified prosodic account of the variable distribution of tenseness of high vowels in non-final syllables. Following Montreuil (Montreuil, Jean-Pierre. 2004a. Fragmenting weight in Scottish English. In Monica Pulki (ed.),La tribune internationale des langues vivantes, 36, 114–22. Paris. Montreuil, Jean-Pierre. 2004b. The Computation of weight in English and in Québec French. First PAC Workshop 23–24 April 2004, Université de Toulouse le Mirail.) a grammatical, sonority-based surface weight distinction is assumed for Québécois French vowels, with tense high vowels associated to a full mora µ, while lax high vowels are associated to a hypomora λ, a weight value less than µ. The weight is shown to be regulated at the level of the minimally monomoraic foot, which can be expanded to include an adjacent syllable in words consisting of more than two syllables, following the proposed Trochaic Markedness Hierarchy, based on the following three ranked principles: 1) quantitative minimum: light and heavy rimes are preferred to superlight (λ) rimes, 2) quantitative evenness: even trochees are preferred to uneven trochees, and 3) quantitative dominance: the left branch that is heavier than the right branch is preferred to the left branch that is lighter. Possible shapes of the trochee are shown to be aligned with alternating surface realizations of high vowels.
Die Anfänge des BND
Authors: Wolf Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Vorspann
Geheimdienste heißen nicht umsonst so. Sie arbeiten im Verborgenen und schaffen sich eine Aura der Undurchdringlichkeit, die auch ihre Geschichte in dichte Nebel hüllt. Der Bundesnachrichtendienst ist eine Ausnahme. Der Gründer und langjährige Chef Reinhard Gehlen setzte ein ganz eigenes BND-Narrativ in die Welt. Er berichtete in aller Öffentlichkeit von einem planmäßigen, zielgerichteten Aufbau seines Dienstes und wurde nicht müde, dessen Eigenständigkeit gegenüber den amerikanischen Geburtshelfern zu betonen. Er legte damit, weil es ihm politisch nützte, eine falsche Fährte nach der anderen, wie sich aus den BND-Unterlagen ergibt, die Thomas Wolf erstmals ausgewertet hat. Der BND muss seine erfundene Vor- und Frühgeschichte ausgerechnet an seinem 60. Geburtstag zu den Akten legen.
„Auftretende Härten gehen ausschließlich zu Lasten der SS“
Authors: Plassmann Max 
Published: April 2016

Vorspann
Es gibt ihn öfter als man denkt - den unverhofften Quellenfund auf dem Dachboden. Ein solcher glücklicher Zufall hat die Voraussetzungen für den vorliegenden Beitrag über die Tätigkeit der Reichsumsiedlungsgesellschaft (RUGES) im besetzten Polen zwischen 1939 und 1944 geschaffen. Zweck der 1935 gegründeten RUGES war die Bereitstellung von Territorien für Truppenübungsplätze und damit einhergehend die Umsiedlung und Entschädigung der auf solchen Gebieten Ansässigen. Als sie in Polen in gleicher Mission tätig wurde, geriet sie, trotz des Versuchs an bewährten rechtlichen Verfahren festzuhalten, in die von einer rassistischen und genozidalen Politik erzeugten Systemzwänge. In seiner Analyse der Tätigkeit der RUGES in verschiedenen Gebieten des zerschlagenen polnischen Staates untersucht Max Plassmann deren Stellung im Instanzengefüge, die Auswirkungen ihrer Tätigkeit auf die betroffene Bevölkerung und stellt die Frage nach der Mitverantwortung ihres Personals für die nationalsozialistischen Massenverbrechen.
Waffen aus Deutschland?
Authors: Gray William Glenn 
Published: April 2016

Vorspann
Heute gehört die Bundesrepublik Deutschland zu den größten Waffenexporteuren der Welt, wobei über die Genehmigung dieser Exporte grundsätzlich hinter verschlossenen Türen entschieden wird. Dennoch kommt es Jahr für Jahr zu einem politischen Tauziehen zwischen Bundesregierung, Bundestag, Parteien, Medien und Lobbyisten; außen- oder bündnispolitische Erwägungen und ökonomische Interessen stehen gegen Fragen der Moral und der Menschenrechte. William Glenn Gray kann zeigen, dass die Ursprünge dieser Debatten weit zurückreichen und fast so alt sind wie die Streitkräfte der Bundesrepublik. Der Autor zeichnet die Anfänge der parlamentarischen Kontrolle des Exports von Kriegswaffen nach, skizziert die fast vergessene Militärhilfe Westdeutschlands für Staaten in aller Welt unter den Auspizien des Kalten Kriegs und kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass die Grundlagen für die bis heute wirksamen institutionellen Entscheidungsmechanismen schon überraschend früh gelegt wurden.
Organizaciones de pequeños productores, certificaciones y competitividad: experiencia reciente en Costa Rica
Authors: Díaz Porras Rafael , Delgado Ballesteros Antonio , Páez Ramírez William 
Published: April 2016

<p>Este artículo indaga si la aplicación de certificaciones ambientales ha significado un mejoramiento de la competitividad de los pequeños y medianos productores agrícolas. Para ello se realiza un análisis del entorno de las certificaciones tanto internacional como en la institucionalidad en Costa Rica, y la aproximación a las realidades de las experiencias de las organizaciones de pequeños productores con base en los resultados de una encuesta realizada en el año 2015. El artículo concluye que la estrategia de certificarse ha permitido un mejor posicionamiento y por consiguiente estabilidad, en la cadena de valor, aunque para las organizaciones y las instancias generadoras de políticas hay áreas donde mejorar, como por ejemplo los costos y cambios en los procesos y la resistencia cultural a este tipo de iniciativas.</p>
Desilusión y esperanzas durante la Gran Guerra. Poetas y cronistas americanos
Authors: Oliva-Medina Mario Roberto 
Published: April 2016

<p>La Gran Guerra ha generado, desde 2014, una eclosión de materiales académicos de análisis sobre este suceso histórico y político. En los acercamientos historiográficos contemporáneos se tiene a la cultura, entendida desde la perspectiva historiográfica del “giro cultural”, como el elemento central de análisis: se pasa de una historia social a una historia cultural de la Gran Guerra. El papel jugado por los cronistas y poetas latinoamericanos en la Primera Guerra Mundial brinda una mirada desde la experiencia personal de ellos sobre el gran conflicto, trasladándonos de la Historia a esa otra historia cotidiana, la de los héroes anónimos, la de los mutilados y desplazados. Este artículo analiza la participación de cuatro latinoamericanos en el primer gran conflicto que irradió y afectó a toda la humanidad. Ellos son: el costarricense José Basileo Acuña (1897-1992), los nicaragüenses, Salomón de la Selva (1893-1959) y Rubén Darío (1867-1916); y, el guatemalteco Enrique Gómez Carrillo (1873-1927).</p>