bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unpleasant Events: the Significance of Preserving their Symbolic Monuments
Authors: Skjerven Astrid 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThere is a basic drive to protect a society's memory by suppressing unpleasant events and their symbols in the collective memory. This prevents learning from the past and a broad and inclusive sustainable development. The theme is exemplified by the terror attack on the Norwegian government buildings, 22 July 2011. The article analyses how collective memory influences society's reactions to and tackling of unexpected critical situations. Hopefully, this will contribute to enhanced competence in tackling similar situations and an updating of the national self‐image. The analysis is based on basic theories on collective memory, by among others P. Connerton, P. Ricoeur, E. Said and J. E. Tunbridge. The study has been performed as an analysis of debates in the media, official documents and books. The conclusion is that the symbolic content of architectural monuments may change after being subject to unpleasant events. They function as documentations and reminders of our history and as important resources in a society's learning and development processes and thereby an updated national self‐image. This article will hopefully contribute to enhance competence in tackling such challenges and to secure cultural sustainability at a general level, and also in other countries. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Centralized keyword search on encrypted data for cloud applications
Authors: Jiang Peng , Mu Yi , Guo Fuchun , Wang Xiaofen , Lai Jianchang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCentralized approaches are widely adopted to improve the qualities of outsourced services owing to its feature of efficient system management. Because the cloud is untrusted, data are usually encrypted before outsourcing. One of the interesting applications is searchable encrypted keywords, a well‐known cryptographic primitive that allows encryption while enabling search for keywords. However, achieving data retrieval without revealing privacy in a cloud‐based centralized system is still a challenging problem. In this paper, we introduce centralized approaches to searchable encryption and present a novel centralized system for retrieval services. In our system, the centralized manager can search and access all the encrypted data from authorized users, while each user can only search and access his or her own data. The system builds on a new cryptographic notion called centralized keyword search on encrypted data. We formalize its security model and propose a centralized keyword search on encrypted data construction that is featured by short ciphertext and search result verification. We further extend the construction for removing secure channel and enabling batch authentication on data legalities. The experiment demonstrates the performance of our proposals. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Charge Transport, Mechanical and Storage Performances of Sepiolite Based Composite Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Ulaganathan Mani , Lei Yeo Li , Flora Xavier Helan , Yan Qingyu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the present report, electrochemical, thermal, mechanical and structural properties of the polymer electrolyte composed of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF)‐Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) for various concentrations of Sepiolite was investigated. Concentration of Sepiolite was optimised based on the ambient temperature conductivity. It was observed that 10 wt.% of sepiolite incorporated composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) showed a higher ionic conductivity in the order of 3.58 x 10−4 S cm−1. C−C stretching, C−F stretching and very strong ‐CF2 ring breathing vibrational modes of PVdF and the complexity of the prepared composite electrolyte were studied using FTIR and X‐ray diffraction analysis. The as‐prepared CPE is thermally stable up to ∼335 °C; the addition of sepiolite filler into the polymer salt matrix increased the storage modulus to 40 x 107 Pa from 12 x 107 Pa until 90 °C. The galvanic charge‐discharge performances of the CPE that exhibited high ionic conductivity were evaluated in the Li|PVdF‐LiTFSI‐Sepiolite|LiFePO4 half cell configuration. The cell showed a reversible capacity of 148 mAh g−1 in the second cycle; and exhibited capacity retention above 75 % even after 100 cycles. It was noted that the incorporation of eco‐friendly sepiolite into the polymer electrolyte greatly enhanced the thermal, mechanical, structural and electrochemical properties of the composite electrolytes.
One‐Step Synthesis of Bi2S3/BiOX and Bi2S3/(BiO)2CO3 Heterojunction Photocatalysts by Using Aqueous Thiourea Solution as Both Solvent and Sulfur Source
Authors: Zhang Keke , Han Qiaofeng , Wang Xin , Zhu Junwu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBi2S3/BiOX (X=Cl and Br; respectively denoted as BS‐BC and BS‐BB) and Bi2S3/(BiO)2CO3 (denoted as BS‐BOC) heterojunction photocatalysts were easily synthesized by one‐step method. In the reaction system, Bi(NO3)3⋅5H2O could be completely dissolved in aqueous thiourea solution, which homogeneously reacted with KCl, KBr and Na2CO3 to form into uniformly mixed BS‐BC, BS‐BB and BS‐BOC composites, respectively. The Bi2S3 content in the heterojunctions could be controlled by changing the reaction temperature, reaction time, thiourea amount and molar ratio of X/Bi or CO3/Bi. The as‐prepared photocatalysts exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for rhodamine B (RhB) degradation under visible light irradiation in contrast with the corresponding single compounds or the composites prepared via two‐step route. Excellent photocatalytic performance of the heterojunctions could be attributed to the increased visible light response, effective charge transfer from the modified band position and close interfacial contact due to well‐mixed heterojunction structures. Furthermore, unique flower‐like hierarchical BS‐BB presented the most significant increase in photodegradation efficiency for RhB and crystal violet (CV) among three composites.
Unusual 1,2‐Aryl Migration and Depalladation of Alkylpalladium Intermediates Containing a syn‐β‐Hydrogen Atom
Authors: Youn So Won , Lee So Ra , Kim Yun Ah , Kang Da Young , Jang Min Jung 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn general, alkylpalladium intermediates containing a syn β‐hydrogen atom are expected to undergo β–hydride elimination preferentially. However, this study unveils a new mechanistic mode in a Pd(II)‐catalyzed transformation, which leads to a series of both C−N/C−C bond forming and C−C bond forming/cleavage events. It has been demonstrated that a Pd(II)‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of stilbenes bearing a pendent nucleophile such as 2‐alkenylanilines and 2‐alkenylphenyl 1,3‐diketones operates through an uncommon Pd−C bond cleavage assisted by a neighboring aryl group and CuCl2–assisted transient Pd oxidation, rather than generally preferred β–hydride elimination in alkylpalladium intermediates containing a syn β‐hydrogen atom. As a result, 1,2‐aryl migration occurs to lead to the unexpected formation of a variety of 3‐substituted indoles and 4‐aryl‐1‐naphthols. In addition, selective migration of an aryl group could be achieved from β,β‐disubstituted alkene substrates through alkylpalladium intermediates deprived of syn β‐hydrogen atom.
Low‐carbon development pathways in Brazil and ‘Climate Clubs’
Authors: La Rovere Emilio Lèbre 
Published: November 2016

Brazil occupies a unique position among the major greenhouse gas (GHG) emitting countries due to its low per‐capita energy‐related GHG emissions (2.4 tons CO2
in 2014), attributable to abundant clean energy sources. Recently, deforestation in Brazil has slowed considerably, to the point where forestry has ceased to be the major source of emissions. Brazil has reduced its overall GHG emissions by 41% from 2005 to 2012, and its total GHG emissions per capita decreased from a high in 2004 of 14.4 tCO2e to an estimated 6.5 tCO2e in 2012. Brazil faces the challenge of building upon its historically low energy‐related GHG emission levels through new decarbonization strategies, while pursuing higher living standards for its population. There is a huge potential to further reduce national GHG emissions through the implementation of a wide spectrum of mitigation measures. While several observers from the scientific community have a different view, Brazilian government considers that the country has been playing both a pioneer and a leader role in ambitious climate action, including the submission of a quite ambitious intended nationally determined contribution, and a constructive role played in COP21, joining the High Ambition club at the end of the negotiations. Several motivations exist for Brazil joining other ‘climate clubs’ focusing on innovative financial mechanisms and sustainable energy and forestry technologies. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e439. doi: 10.1002/wcc.439This article is categorized under:

The Carbon Economy and Climate Mitigation > Policies, Instruments, Lifestyles, Behavior
Policy and Governance > International Policy Framework
SINR analysis of FFH/OFDM over frequency selective Rayleigh fading channel
Authors: Oturak Ahmet , Öztürk Ertan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFast frequency hopping/orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (FFH/OFDM) has been previously proposed to achieve frequency diversity over frequency selective channels. However, the performances of the FFH/OFDM scheme have been usually calculated using simulations over empirical channel models in earlier works. The main aim of this paper is to theoretically expose the diversity of the FFH/OFDM signal over statistical models, specifically Rayleigh distributed, for frequency selective fading channels. In order to achieve this aim, we first derive the decision variables and the signal‐to‐interference noise ratios of the FFH/OFDM signal at the output of minimum mean square error and zero forcing receivers. For various levels of quadrature amplitude modulation used in FFH/OFDM, the performances are calculated and validated via simulations. The results show that FFH/OFDM in case of zero forcing equalization does not provide any diversity gain even over a frequency selective channel. However, in case of minimum mean square error equalization, it brings significant diversity gain at high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) values with the rise of number of sub‐carriers. Moreover, the FFH/OFDM with four quadrature amplitude modulation scheme provides better performance than that of the conventional OFDM even at low SNR values, as well as a significant diversity gain at high SNR values. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Women Physicians in Byzantium
Authors: Gkegkes Ioannis D. , Iavazzo Christos , Sardi Thalia A. , Falagas Matthew E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWomen were allowed to practice the medical profession during the Byzantine Empire. The presence of female physicians was not an innovation of the Byzantine era but actually originated from ancient Greece and Rome. The studies and the training of women doctors were apparently equivalent to those of their male colleagues. The principal medical specialties of the female doctors were gynecology and midwifery. Byzantine legislation treated relatively equally both female and male doctors. For this reason, it can be assumed that the presence of female doctors was correlated with the position of women in Byzantine society. However, there is not sufficient information in the literature to clarify whether female and male doctors used to earn equal payment for the same service.
International clinical guideline for the management of classical galactosemia: diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up
Authors: Welling Lindsey , Bernstein Laurie E. , Berry Gerard T. , Burlina Alberto B. , Eyskens François , Gautschi Matthias , Grünewald Stephanie , Gubbels Cynthia S. , Knerr Ina , Labrune Philippe , van der Lee Johanna H. , MacDonald Anita , Murphy Elaine , Portnoi Pat A. , Õunap Katrin , Potter Nancy L. , Rubio‐Gozalbo M. Estela , Spencer Jessica B. , Timmers Inge , Treacy Eileen P. , Van Calcar Sandra C. , Waisbren Susan E. , Bosch Annet M. ,   On behalf of the Galactosemia Network (GalNet)
Published: November 2016

AbstractClassical galactosemia (CG) is an inborn error of galactose metabolism. Evidence‐based guidelines for the treatment and follow‐up of CG are currently lacking, and treatment and follow‐up have been demonstrated to vary worldwide. To provide patients around the world the same state‐of‐the‐art in care, members of The Galactosemia Network (GalNet) developed an evidence‐based and internationally applicable guideline for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow‐up of CG. The guideline was developed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system. A systematic review of the literature was performed, after key questions were formulated during an initial GalNet meeting. The first author and one of the working group experts conducted data‐extraction. All experts were involved in data‐extraction. Quality of the body of evidence was evaluated and recommendations were formulated. Whenever possible recommendations were evidence‐based, if not they were based on expert opinion. Consensus was reached by multiple conference calls, consensus rounds via e‐mail and a final consensus meeting. Recommendations addressing diagnosis, dietary treatment, biochemical monitoring, and follow‐up of clinical complications were formulated. For all recommendations but one, full consensus was reached. A 93 % consensus was reached on the recommendation addressing age at start of bone density screening. During the development of this guideline, gaps of knowledge were identified in most fields of interest, foremost in the fields of treatment and follow‐up.
Progress towards understanding the pathogenesis of dengue
hemorrhagic fever
Authors: Pang Xiaojing , Zhang Rudian , Cheng Gong 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne virus belonging to the Flaviviridae family. There are 4 serotypes of DENV that
cause human disease through transmission by mosquito vectors. DENV infection results
in a broad spectrum of clinical symptoms, ranging from mild fever to dengue
hemorrhagic fever (DHF), the latter of which can progress to dengue shock syndrome
(DSS) and death. Researchers have made unremitting efforts over the last
half-century to understand DHF pathogenesis. DHF is probably caused by multiple
factors, such as virus-specific antibodies, viral antigens and host immune
responses. This review summarizes the current progress of studies on DHF
pathogenesis, which may provide important information for achieving effective
control of dengue in the future.
Impact of Treatment-Related Beliefs on Medication Adherence in Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases: Results of the Global ALIGN Study
Authors: Michetti Pierre , Weinman John , Mrowietz Ulrich , Smolen Josef , Peyrin-Biroulet Laurent , Louis Edouard , Schremmer Dieter , Tundia Namita , Nurwakagari Pascal , Selenko-Gebauer Nicole 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Introduction
Medication adherence is critical in chronic immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) and could be affected by patients’ treatment-related beliefs. The objective of this study was to determine beliefs about systemic medications in patients with IMIDs and to explore the association of those beliefs and other factors with adherence.

Methods
This was a multi-country, cross-sectional, self-administered survey study. Included were adults diagnosed with one of six IMIDs receiving conventional systemic medications and/or tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi). Patients’ necessity beliefs/concerns towards and adherence to treatments were assessed by the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire and four-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Correlation of patients’ beliefs about treatment and other factors with adherence were evaluated by multivariable regression analyses.

Results
Among studied patients (N = 7197), 32.0% received TNFi monotherapy, 27.7% received TNFi–conventional combination therapy, and 40.3% received conventional medications. Across IMIDs, high adherence to systemic treatment was more prevalent in TNFi groups (61.3–80.7%) versus corresponding conventional treatment groups (28.4–64.7%). In at least four IMIDs, greater perception of the illness continuing forever (P < 0.001), of the treatment helping (P < 0.001), and more concerns about the illness (P < 0.01), but not clinical parameters, were associated with higher treatment necessity beliefs. Higher treatment necessity beliefs, older age, Caucasian race, and TNFi therapy were associated with high medication adherence in at least four IMIDs.

Conclusions
Treatment necessity beliefs were higher than concerns about current medication in patients with IMID. Illness perceptions had a greater impact on treatment necessity beliefs than clinical parameters. Older age, greater treatment necessity beliefs, and TNFi therapy were associated with high self-reported medication adherence in at least four IMIDs.

Trial registration
ACTRN12612000977875.

Funding
AbbVie.
Spatial, seasonal and interannual variability of supraglacial ponds in the Langtang Valley of Nepal, 1999–2013
Authors: MILES EVAN S. , WILLIS IAN C. , ARNOLD NEIL S. , STEINER JAKOB , PELLICCIOTTI FRANCESCA 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTSupraglacial ponds play a key role in absorbing atmospheric energy and directing it to the ice of debris-covered glaciers, but the spatial and temporal distribution of these features is not well documented. We analyse 172 Landsat TM/ETM+ scenes for the period 1999–2013 to identify thawed supraglacial ponds for the debris-covered tongues of five glaciers in the Langtang Valley of Nepal. We apply an advanced atmospheric correction routine (Landcor/6S) and use band ratio and image morphological techniques to identify ponds and validate our results with 2.5 m Cartosat-1 observations. We then characterize the spatial, seasonal and interannual patterns of ponds. We find high variability in pond incidence between glaciers (May–October means of 0.08–1.69% of debris area), with ponds most frequent in zones of low surface gradient and velocity. The ponds show pronounced seasonality, appearing in the pre-monsoon as snow melts, peaking at the monsoon onset at 2% of debris-covered area, then declining in the post-monsoon as ponds drain or freeze. Ponds are highly recurrent and persistent, with 40.5% of pond locations occurring for multiple years. Rather than a trend in pond cover over the study period, we find high interannual variability for each glacier after controlling for seasonality.
Climatic controls on active layer dynamics: Amsler Island, Antarctica
Authors: Wilhelm Kelly R. , Bockheim James G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVariations in atmospheric conditions can be important factors influencing temperature dynamics within the active layer of a soil. Solar radiation and air temperature can directly alter ground surface temperatures, while variations in wind and precipitation can control how quickly heat is carried through soil pores. The presence of seasonal snow cover can also create a thermal barrier between the atmosphere and ground surface. This study examines the relation between atmospheric conditions and ground temperature variations on a deglaciated island along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Ground temperatures were most significantly influenced by incoming solar radiation, followed by air temperature variations. When winter months were included in the comparison, the influence of air temperature increased while solar radiation became less influential, indicating that snow cover reflected solar radiation inputs, but was not thick enough to insulate the ground. When ground temperatures were compared to atmospheric conditions of preceding weeks, seasonal temperature peaks 1.6 m below ground were best related to seasonal air temperature peaks from the previous two weeks. The same ground temperature peaks were best related to seasonal solar radiation peaks of seven weeks prior. This difference was a result of temperature lags within the atmosphere.
Retrotransposon-related genetic distance among inbred lines of sweet corn (Zea mays var. saccharata) and hybrid performance
Authors: Bonchev Georgi , Shtereva Lydia , Vassilevska-Ivanova Rumiana 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHeterosis is a main force underlying the hybrid seed industry in maize. Our experimental approach consists of a correlation study between retrotransposon-related genetic distances between parental inbred lines and hybrid performance. The assumption is that, at least for certain traits, heterosis results from genome rearrangements, largely related to retrotransposon insertions and/or removals. Fifteen maize inbred lines and one F1 hybrid, representative of the genetic diversity among sweet corn and field corn lines were screened for polymorphism by retrotransposon microsatellite amplified polymorphism markers. DNA fingerprints served as row data for estimating genetic diversity of maize inbred lines and its correlation with the heterotic effect in their hybrids. A correlation between phenotypic and molecular distances was evident only at the level of individual inbred lines. Weak correlation between genetic distances and heterosis effect was observed for the average of all inbred lines. Phenotypic distances negatively correlated with heterosis for insertion height, diameter of the ear and number of kernel rows per ear. The relative contribution of each inbred line to heterosis in its derived hybrids was also estimated. Accordingly, we identified inbred lines with increased genetic distances that mostly add to the heterosis effect in their hybrids and that we recommend as prospective to be used in maize breeding programmes.
A natural light-driven inward proton pump
Authors: Inoue Keiichi , Ito Shota , Kato Yoshitaka , Nomura Yurika , Shibata Mikihiro , Uchihashi Takayuki , Tsunoda Satoshi P. , Kandori Hideki 
Published: November 2016

AbstractLight-driven outward H+ pumps are widely distributed in nature, converting sunlight energy into proton motive force. Here we report the characterization of an oppositely directed H+ pump with a similar architecture to outward pumps. A deep-ocean marine bacterium, Parvularcula oceani, contains three rhodopsins, one of which functions as a light-driven inward H+ pump when expressed in Escherichia coli and mouse neural cells. Detailed mechanistic analyses of the purified proteins reveal that small differences in the interactions established at the active centre determine the direction of primary H+ transfer. Outward H+ pumps establish strong electrostatic interactions between the primary H+ donor and the extracellular acceptor. In the inward H+ pump these electrostatic interactions are weaker, inducing a more relaxed chromophore structure that leads to the long-distance transfer of H+ to the cytoplasmic side. These results demonstrate an elaborate molecular design to control the direction of H+ transfers in proteins.