bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of region selective bilirubin-induced brain damage as a basis for a pharmacological treatment
Authors: Dal Ben Matteo , Bottin Cristina , Zanconati Fabrizio , Tiribelli Claudio , Gazzin Silvia 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe neurologic manifestations of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in the central nervous system (CNS) exhibit high variations in the severity and appearance of motor, auditory and cognitive symptoms, which is suggestive of a still unexplained selective topography of bilirubin-induced damage. By applying the organotypic brain culture (OBC: preserving in vitro the cellular complexity, connection and architecture of the in vivo brain) technique to study hyperbilirubinemia, we mapped the regional target of bilirubin-induced damage, demonstrated a multifactorial toxic action of bilirubin, and used this information to evaluate the efficacy of drugs applicable to newborns to protect the brain. OBCs from 8-day-old rat pups showed a 2–13 fold higher sensitivity to bilirubin damage than 2-day-old preparations. The hippocampus, inferior colliculus and cerebral cortex were the only brain regions affected, presenting a mixed inflammatory-oxidative mechanism. Glutamate excitotoxicity was appreciable in only the hippocampus and inferior colliculus. Single drug treatment (indomethacin, curcumin, MgCl2) significantly improved cell viability in all regions, while the combined (cocktail) administration of the three drugs almost completely prevented damage in the most affected area (hippocampus). Our data may supports an innovative (complementary to phototherapy) approach for directly protecting the newborn brain from bilirubin neurotoxicity.
Deep brain stimulation for myoclonus-dystonia syndrome with double mutations in DYT1 and DYT11
Authors: Wang Jia-Wei , Li Ji-Ping , Wang Yun-Peng , Zhang Xiao-Hua , Zhang Yu-Qing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMyoclonus-dystonia syndrome (MDS) is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by the presentation of both myoclonic jerks and dystonia. Evidence is emerging that deep brain stimulation (DBS) may be a promising treatment for MDS. However, there are no studies reporting the effects of DBS on MDS with double mutations in DYT1 and DYT11. Two refractory MDS patients with double mutations were treated between 2011 and 2015 in our center. Genetic testing for DYT1 and DYT11 was performed through polymerase chain reaction amplification and direct sequencing of the specific exons of genes. For the first patient, initial bilateral ventral intermediate thalamus nucleus (Vim) DBS was performed. Because of worsening dystonia after initial improvement in symptoms, subsequent bilateral globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS was offered at 43 months after initial surgery, which reversed the deterioration and restored the motor function. For the second patient, initial improvement in motor symptoms and quality of life was sustained at the follow-up 6 months after bilateral Vim DBS treatment. Thus, DBS may be an effective therapeutic option for MDS, even in patients with double mutations. Moreover, GPi DBS may be used as a supplementary treatment when initial Vim DBS fails to control MDS symptoms.
Amino-terminal domains of kainate receptors determine the differential dependence on Neto auxiliary subunits for trafficking
Authors: Sheng Nengyin , Shi Yun Stone , Nicoll Roger A. 
Published: January 2017

Significance
The kainate receptor (KAR) is a subfamily of glutamate receptors that mediates excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. GluK1 and GluK2 are two obligatory KAR subunits and their trafficking properties are quite different; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains a mystery. Here we show that GluK2 receptor trafficking is independent on Neto auxiliary subunits, whereas the regulation of its biophysical properties by Neto proteins is the same as that of GluK1. Moreover, we show that it is the amino-terminal domains (ATDs) of GluK1 and GluK2 that determine their distinct trafficking performance and mediate their different dependence on Neto proteins for trafficking.
Radical Nativism
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This chapter examines pauper removal in a time of radical nativism, focusing on the anti-Catholic and anti-immigrant Know-Nothing movement during the mid-1850s. Know-Nothingism raised social forces for immigration restriction to their zenith. In New York, immigrants’ voting power curbed the influence of nativism on state policy. Nevertheless, the radical nativist atmosphere drove anti-immigrant local officials to act on their own judgment, banishing foreign paupers abroad, even though no state law allowed for deportation. In Massachusetts, where the Know-Nothings dominated the state government, officials implemented deportation policy mercilessly and sometimes illegally. People unlawfully deported to Europe included American citizens of Irish descent. The deportation of citizens illuminates the disparity between Irish American paupers’ legal status as citizens and their practical treatment as aliens in the pre–Civil War era, when American citizenship lacked national definition and rights later taken for granted had yet to be formulated, let alone guaranteed.
Conclusion
Authors: Hirota Hidetaka 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The Conclusion begins by arguing that the history of immigration control in the United States up to the 1880s is a story of American state development. It demonstrates how governmental policy for regulating membership in American society evolved from the local, to the state, and eventually to the national levels under the influence of anti-Irish nativism. Far from simply a temporary regional hysteria in the antebellum period or a matter of cultural stereotyping, anti-Irish nativism in New York and Massachusetts produced lasting, tangible consequences in American immigration law. Landing stations established after the 1880s and run under federal supervision, such as Ellis Island and Angel Island, have now come to symbolize the tradition of immigration control in the United States. Yet Atlantic seaboard states’ earlier efforts to reduce foreign pauperism reveal that restriction was an integral part of the American immigration experience long before the building of these gateways to America.
(Re)circulating popular television
Authors: Bednarek Monika 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter examines processes whereby both international media conglomerates and transnational fans (re)circulate television series, whether for commercial gain or the negotiation of identity and community membership. The chapter discusses four key processes of (re)circulation, (1) (re)circulation of the narrative, (2) (re)circulation of the dialogue, (3) (re)circulation of the production, and (4) performative (re)circulation, illustrating them with examples drawn mainly from The Big Bang Theory. It argues that such processes can be associated with different styles of fandom, and that there are both similarities and differences between T-shirt texts and social media texts, for instance in terms of their potential for style and styling.
The meaning of manner
Authors: van Leeuwen Theo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This chapter discusses how some key aspects of the intonation and rhythm of news reading, such as patterns of stress, phrasing, the relative prominence of stressed syllables and the pitch direction of phrase-final syllables, express news values such as urgency, factuality, impartiality, and authority. The chapter argues that these aspects of news reading have changed very little during the past 30 years, but that they have influenced a global style of public announcements. All the same, some influence of the vocal style of advertising on news reading can be discerned, and public announcements may now be customized by being overlaid with representations of dialects and accents. The chapter concludes that vocal style research should consider both continuity and change, and look for the specific factors that drive change rather than treat it as some kind of natural process.
Vagueness and linguistic analysis
Authors: Burnett Heather 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter serves as an introduction to one of the main empirical phenomena to be analyzed in the monograph and the formal tools that will be used in the analysis. In the first part, the empirical phenomenon known as vagueness in the linguistics and philosophical literatures is presented, and it is outlined why this phenomenon appears so threatening to our classical semantic theories in logic and linguistics. In the second part, there is a basic account of the puzzling properties of vague language that will be adopted in this work: Cobreros et al.’s (2012) Tolerant, Classical, Strict (TCS) similarity-based non-classical logical framework. A comparison between TCS and Lasersohn’s (1999) Pragmatic Halos framework is presented, and it is argued that, while the TCS analysis (as applied to the interpretation of English) is empirically superior, they share many of the same driving intuitions.
Context sensitivity and vagueness patterns
Authors: Burnett Heather 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter presents the main empirical patterns associated with adjectival context sensitivity and vagueness. The book argue that the different scale structure classes of adjectives vary with respect to comparison class-based context sensitivity. It is argued that to properly understand this variation, it is useful to adopt two patterns of comparison class-based context sensitivity: universal context sensitivity and existential context sensitivity. The book argues that three of the four scale structure subclasses can be distinguished based on their context sensitivity: relative adjectives are universally context sensitive, both partial and total adjectives are existentially context sensitive, and non-scalars are not context sensitive. This chapter also motivates an empirical connection between vagueness and the scale structure classes. It is shown that the distribution of the puzzling properties of vague language is tied to these lexical class distinctions, and proposed that the observed dependencies argue in favor of a closer relationship between the phenomena of vagueness and scale structure than is often assumed.
The universality theorem
Authors: Gurau Razvan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter initiates the study of random tensors and presents a universality theorem. It first introduces the Gaussian distribution for random tensors and then proceeds to the study of general trace invariant measures. It is shown that, assuming that the cumulants scale uniformly with N, a nontrivial large N limit exists only if the cumulants are properly uniformly bounded. It is furthermore shown that a trace invariant probability measure whose cumulants are properly uniformly bounded becomes Gaussian in the large N limit. In order to escape the Gaussian behavior one must consider distributions whose cumulants do not obey a uniform scaling bound, but which still admit a large N limit.
The quartic tensor model
Authors: Gurau Razvan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis chapter studies in detail the tensor model with an arbitrary quartic interaction. Using the Hubbard–Stratonovich intermediate field representation, the quartic model can be reformulated in terms of a model of edge colored maps. In this new formulation, it is shown that the 1/N expansion of the model holds non perturbatively. It is shown that the cumulants are Borel summable in the coupling constant, uniformly in N. The perturbative 1/N consists in showing that each term in a formal power series expansion in the coupling constants of a cumulant obeys a scaling bound in 1/N. Establishing the 1/N expansion non perturbatively consists in proving that any cumulant is an analytic function of the coupling constant in a certain domain in the complex plane and showing that, in this domain, the cumulant writes as a sum of explicit terms in 1/N plus a rest term, which is analytic and obeys an appropriate scaling bound in 1/N.
The INS on the Line
Authors: Kang S. Deborah 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
For much of the twentieth century, Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) officials recognized that the US-Mexico border region was different, confronting a set of political, social, and environmental obstacles that prevented them from replicating their achievements on Angel Island and Ellis Island, the most restrictive immigration stations in the nation. In response to these challenges local INS officials resorted to the law, nullifying, modifying, and even inventing immigration laws and policies for the borderlands. The INS on the Line traces the ways in which the INS on the US-Mexico border made and remade the nation's immigration laws over the course of the twentieth century. While popular and scholarly accounts describe the INS primarily as a law enforcement agency, the author demonstrates that the agency defined itself not only as a law enforcement unit but also as a lawmaking body. Through a nuanced examination of the agency's legal innovations in the Southwest, the author reveals how local immigration officials constructed a complex approach to border control, an approach that closed the line in the name of nativism and national security; opened it for the benefit of transnational economic and social concerns; and redefined it as a vast legal jurisdiction for the policing of undocumented immigrants. Despite its contingent and local origins, this composite approach to border control continues to inform the daily operations of the nation's immigration agencies, American immigration law and policy, and our very conceptions of the US-Mexico border today.
Flap Reconstruction for Pressure Ulcers: An Outcomes Analysis
Authors: Bamba Ravinder , Madden James J. , Hoffman Ashley N. , Kim Justine S. , Thayer Wesley P. , Nanney Lillian B. , Spear Marcia E. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Historically, complication rates after pressure ulcer reconstruction utilizing flap coverage have been high. Patients undergoing operations for pressure ulcer coverage typically have multiple risk factors for postoperative complications. The purpose of this study was to examine a large patient series in the pressure ulcer population to uncover objective evidence of the linkage between risk factors and outcomes after flap coverage.

Methods:
This study was a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent flap reconstruction for a pressure ulcer between 1997 and 2015. The characteristics of patients were analyzed to determine those who had complications such as pressure ulcer recurrence, wound dehiscence, and wound infection.

Results:
All patients (N = 276) underwent flap coverage of their pressure ulcers. The overall complication rate was 58.7% (162 patients). Wound dehiscence was the most common complication (31.2%), and the pressure ulcer recurrence rate was 28.6%. Multivariate regression for pressure ulcer recurrence revealed that body mass index <18.5 [relative risk (RR) 3.13], active smoking (RR 2.33), and ischial pressure ulcers (RR 3.46) were independent risk factors for pressure ulcer recurrence. Ischial pressure ulcers (RR 2.27) and preoperative osteomyelitis (RR 2.78) were independent risk factors for wound dehiscence. Diabetes was an independent risk factor for wound infection (RR 4.34).

Conclusions:
Our retrospective analysis revealed numerous factors that are associated with high rates of major postoperative complications. Risk factors must be taken into account when offering flap coverage, and risk-reducing strategies must be implemented in patients before pressure ulcer reconstruction.
Atypical Antipsychotics and the Risk of Falls and Fractures Among Older Adults
Authors: Ramcharran Darmendra , Qiu Hong , Schuemie Martijn J. , Ryan Patrick B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to investigate the risk of falls and fractures among older adults receiving atypical antipsychotics.MethodsAn emulation analysis of a previously published study was performed using the US Truven MarketScan Medicare Supplemental database (MDCR). In addition, modified analyses were implemented to evaluate alternative confounding control strategies that (1) included all covariates used to fit propensity score models in outcome models and (2) required patients to have a mental health condition diagnosis and a health care visit within 90 days prior to the index date.FindingsThe MDCR emulation analyses yielded similar results as the previous study. For the previous study and our emulation analysis, the results were: nonvertebral osteoporotic fractures (odds ratio [OR], 1.51; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.41–1.60; and OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.37–1.63, respectively), hip fractures (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.53–1.81; and OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.43–1.77, respectively), any fracture (OR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.24–1.34; and OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.23–1.41, respectively), and falls (OR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.47–1.61; and OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.11–1.89, respectively). However, in modified analyses, no associations were significant. The primary change that resulted in the attenuation of associations was the requirement for patients to have a mental health condition diagnosis and a health care visit prior to the index date.ConclusionsOur MDCR emulation analysis yielded similar results as a previous study; however, in modified analyses, the associations between fractures and falls and atypical antipsychotics were no longer significant. The contrast of results between the emulation and modified analyses may be due to the analytic approach used to compare patients (and potential confounding by indication). Further research is warranted to evaluate these associations.
Long-Term Hearing Results After Ossiculoplasty
Authors: Cox Matthew D. , Trinidade Aaron , Russell James Shep , Dornhoffer John L. 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:To determine if the OOPS index is predictive of long-term hearing results after ossiculoplasty.Study Design:Case series with retrospective chart review.Setting:Tertiary care otology practice.Patients:Adult and pediatric patients (3–88 years of age).Interventions:Ossiculoplasty with cartilage tympanoplasty, with or without mastoidectomy.Outcome Measures:Primary outcome measures included short-term hearing results (pure-tone average air-bone gap [PTA-ABG] measured between 60 days and 1 year after surgery), long-term hearing results (PTA-ABG measured ≥5 years after surgery), and the rate of successful ABG closure to ≤20 dB. Secondary measures included the need for revision surgery, delayed tympanic membrane graft failure, worsening conductive hearing loss (after an initially satisfactory hearing result), and recurrence of cholesteatoma.Results:There was no significant difference between adults and children for short-term hearing results (average post-op PTA-ABG was 18.9 dB vs. 19.8 dB, respectively;p = 0.544), long-term hearing results (average final PTA-ABG was 19.3 dB vs. 19.4 dB, respectively;p = 0.922), or rate of ABG closure to less than 20 dB (63.1% vs. 58.0%,p = 0.282). Spearman's rank-order correlation (ρ) identified a strong positive correlation between OOPS index score and average post-operative PTA-ABG (ρ = 0.983;p < 0.001; 2-tailed), as well as average long-term PTA-ABG (ρ = 0.950,p < 0.001; 2-tailed).Conclusions:The OOPS index makes it possible to accurately prognosticate hearing outcomes in adult and pediatric patients undergoing ossiculoplasty in both the short term and the long term.
What to eat and drink in the festive season: a pan-European, observational, cross-sectional study
Authors: Parker Helen L. , Curcic Jelena , Heinrich Henriette , Sauter Matthias , Hollenstein Michael , Schwizer Werner , Savarino Edoardo , Fox Mark 
Published: January 2017

Background
Digestive discomfort after meals is common in the community, especially during the festive season. It is uncertain whether this is related to intake of either high-calorie or high-fat foods or, alternatively, intake of specific foods. This prospective, cross-sectional study tested the hypothesis that the risk of reflux or dyspepsia is associated with the fat content of the meal independent of caloric load in a ‘real-life’ setting.

Materials and methods
Four festive meals were served to delegates attending a conference on four consecutive days. Test meals had the same volume, but varied in calorie and fat content. Study procedures and symptoms were monitored using a mobile application (SymTrack). The effect of alcoholic compared with nonalcoholic drinks was also assessed. Primary outcome was the occurrence of reflux or dyspeptic symptoms. Fullness was documented by a visual analogue scale.

Results
A total of 84/120 (70%) delegates aged 22–69 years consented to participate. At screening, 22 (31%) participants reported at least mild symptoms on the Leuven Dyspepsia Questionnaire. Specific ingredients did not appear to impact on postprandial symptoms. All high-calorie dinners [British, German, Italian (with alcohol)] induced more symptoms than the low-fat, low-calorie Czech dinner [odds ratio: 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.97–6.9 (P=0.058), 1.5 (0.3–3.8), and 2.8 (0.7–10.5), respectively]. Self-reported fullness after the high-fat, high-calorie British dinner was higher by 23/100 (95% CI: 4–42, P=0.016) with respect to low-fat, low-calorie Czech and German dinners.

Conclusion
Study participants tolerated a range of food and drink well. Reflux or dyspeptic symptoms were least likely after the low-fat, low-calorie meal. Fullness was increased after the high-fat, high-calorie dinner, but not low-fat meals. These results will help the public to make evidence-based dietary choices during the carnival season!
Perceived stress as a risk factor for dyspepsia: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Deding Ulrik , Torp-Pedersen Christian , Bøggild Henrik 
Published: January 2017

Objective
Dyspepsia is a common condition and has a huge impact on quality of life and working capacity, but its causes are not well understood. An association between stress and dyspepsia has been debated for decades, but the issue has not been resolved. We examined the 3-year risk of redeeming a proton-pump inhibitor or an H2-receptor antagonist as a proxy of dyspepsia according to the level of perceived stress.

Participants and methods
Perceived stress was measured in a general health survey of 16 124 Danes aged older than 16 years of age in 2010 using Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale. Data were linked individually to national registries, including the Danish National Prescription Registry. The risk of redeeming a proton-pump inhibitor or an H2-receptor antagonist for quintiles of stress level was estimated using Cox proportional hazard regression.

Results
In total, 2703 redeemed one of these drugs during the 33 months of follow-up. The cumulative incidence proportion of dyspepsia increased gradually, from 11.6 to 24.9%, with quintiles of stress. After full model adjustment, the four highest stress quintiles had a statistically significantly increased risk of redeeming a drug compared with the lowest stress quintile. The hazard ratios were 1.16 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00–1.34] for the second quintile, 1.21 (95% CI: 1.06–1.39) for the third quintile, 1.20 (95% CI: 1.05–1.38) for the fourth quintile, and 1.30 (95% CI: 1.12–1.50) for the fifth quintile.

Conclusion
Higher levels of self-reported perceived everyday life stress increased the risk of redeeming a drug for dyspepsia significantly during 33 months of follow-up.