bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic impact of extracapsular lymph node involvement after neoadjuvant therapy and oesophagectomy
Authors: Lagarde S M , Navidi M , Gisbertz S S , van Laarhoven H W M , Sumpter K , Meijer S L , Disep B , Immanuel A , Griffin S M , van Berge Henegouwen M I 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
The significance of extracapsular lymph node involvement (LNI) is unclear in patients with oesophageal cancer who have undergone neoadjuvant treatment followed by oesophagectomy. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence and prognostic significance of extracapsular LNI in a large multicentre series of consecutive patients with oesophageal cancer treated by neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy and surgery.

Methods
Data from a consecutive series of patients treated at two European centres were analysed. All patients with squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus or gastro-oesophageal junction, who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation followed by transthoracic oesophagectomy and two-field lymphadenectomy with curative intent, were included.

Results
Between January 2000 and September 2013, 704 patients underwent oesophagectomy after neoadjuvant therapy. A median of 28 (range 5–77) nodes per patient was recovered. Some 347 patients (49·3 per cent) had no LNI (ypN0). Of the remaining 357 patients (50·7 per cent) with LNI (ypN1–3), extracapsular LNI was found in 190 (53·2 per cent). Five-year overall survival rates were 62·7 per cent for patients with N0 disease, 44·9 per cent for patients without extracapsular spread and 14·0 per cent where extracapsular LNI was identified (P &lt; 0·001). Multivariable analyses demonstrated the presence of extracapsular LNI as an independent prognostic factor.

Conclusion
The presence of extracapsular LNI after neoadjuvant therapy carries a poor prognosis.
A mechanism for stroke complicating thrombus aspiration
Authors: Brown Eddie D. , Blankenship James C. 
Published: October 2016

We propose a mechanism of how stroke may be caused by thrombus aspiration during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI), and how it may be technique‐dependent.Two recent meta‐analyses report increased risk of stroke in patients undergoing routine thrombus aspiration during STEMI and the value of this technique has been controversial. The mechanism of stroke has not been fully explained.This case demonstrates 2 mechanisms by which aspiration might cause thrombus embolization.We recommend that if thrombus aspiration is performed during PPCI for STEMI, it should be done selectively and carefully. It is prudent to make sure the guide catheter tip is not free in the aorta when the aspiration catheter is withdrawn, to maintain suction on the aspiration catheter as it is withdrawn (particularly if the aspiration port seems to be obstructed), and to aspirate the guide catheter after the aspiration catheter is removed to capture any fragments of thrombus that remain in the guide catheter. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synergies from Direct Coupling of Biomass‐to‐Liquid and Power‐to‐Liquid Plants
Authors: Schulzke Tim 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConversion of biomass into energy carriers or chemical building blocks generally is hydrogen‐deficient. With green hydrogen produced from surplus renewable electricity via electrolysis, CO2 can be converted to supplementary biomethanol. The benefit of the proposed integration of biomass‐to‐liquid (BtL) and power‐to‐liquid (PtL) technologies comes from the reduced flexibility requirements and avoided heat losses for the methanol reactor compared to a stand‐alone PtL plant and a much higher carbon ratio of original biomass converted into the desired product. During full‐load operation of the electrolyzer, the methanol yield can be more than doubled. The typical size of such an installation will lie in the range of 100 MW electrical power, providing a relevant capacity of controlling power for the stabilization of the electrical transmission grid instead of supplying controlling power for the distribution grid of today's power‐to‐gas (PtG) demonstration plants.
Comparative analysis of morphological and molecular motifs in bronchiolitis obliterans and alveolar fibroelastosis after lung and stem cell transplantation
Authors: Jonigk Danny , Rath Berenice , Borchert Paul , Braubach Peter , Maegel Lavinia , Izykowski Nicole , Warnecke Gregor , Sommer Wiebke , Kreipe Hans , Blach Robert , Anklamm Adrian , Haverich Axel , Eder Matthias , Stadler Michael , Welte Tobias , Gottlieb Jens , Kuehnel Mark , Laenger Florian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) remains the major obstacle to long‐term survival following lung transplantation (LuTx). Morphologically CLAD is defined by obliterative remodelling of the small airways (bronchiolitis obliterans, BO) as well as a more recently described collagenous obliteration of alveoli with elastosis summarised as alveolar fibroelastosis (AFE). Both patterns are not restricted to pulmonary allografts, but have also been reported following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and radio chemotherapy (RC). In this study we performed compartment‐specific morphological and molecular analysis of BO and AFE lesions in human CLAD (n = 22), HSCT (n = 29) and RC (n = 6) lung explants, utilising conventional histopathology, laser‐microdissection, PCR techniques and immunohistochemistry to assess fibrosis‐associated gene and protein expression. Three key results emerged from our analysis of fibrosis‐associated genes: (i) generally speaking, “BO is BO”. Despite the varying clinical backgrounds, the molecular characteristics of BO lesions were found to be alike in all groups. (ii) “AFE is AFE”. In all groups of patients suffering from restrictive changes to lung physiology due to AFE there were largely – but not absolutely ‐ identical gene expression patterns. iii) BO concomitant to AFE after LuTx is characterised by an AFE‐like molecular microenvironment, representing the only exception to (i). Additionally, we describe an evolutionary model for the AFE pattern: a non‐specific fibrin‐rich reaction to injury pattern triggers a misguided resolution attempt and eventual progression towards manifest AFE. Our data point towards an absence of classical fibrinolytic enzymes and an alternative fibrin degrading mechanism via macrophages, resulting in fibrous remodelling and restrictive functional changes. These data may serve as diagnostic adjuncts and help to predict the clinical course of respiratory dysfunction in LuTx and HSCT patients. Moreover, analysis of the mechanism of fibrinolysis and fibrogenesis may unveil potential therapeutic targets to alter the course of the eventually fatal lung remodelling.
Improvements in hepatitis B virus screening before rituximab therapy: A community‐based, safety‐net hospital experience
Authors: Junus Kevin , Aguilar Maria , Patel Priya , Irwin David , Yee Stephen , Liu Benny , Bhuket Taft , Wong Robert J. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDIndividuals with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) or previously resolved HBV are at increased risk of HBV exacerbation or reactivation when they receive treatment with anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibodies (against B‐lymphocyte antigen cluster of differentiation 20 [CD20], an activated‐glycosylated phosphoprotein) like rituximab (RTX). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the rates of appropriate HBV screening before patients started receiving RTX, at the initiation of HBV treatment, and during HBV flares among an underserved safety‐net population.METHODSIn total, 244 consecutive adults who received treatment with RTX from 2006 to 2015 at an urban safety‐net hospital were evaluated to determine appropriate HBV screening (HBV surface antigen [HBsAg] and HBV total core antibody [HBcAb]) before starting RTX. The initiation of prophylactic antiviral therapy and the development of HBV flares after starting RTX were evaluated. Predictors of appropriate HBV screening were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression models.RESULTSMost patients were women (52.7%; n = 128) and of Hispanic ethnicity (30.7%; n = 74). Before starting RTX, 60.5% (n = 147) of patients received appropriate HBV screening. The HBV screening rates before RTX improved from 14.7% (2006‐2009) to 74.7% (2010‐2012), and to 87.1% (2013‐2015; P < .01. Two of 7 (28.6%) HBsAg‐positive patients who did not receive antiviral therapy experienced HBV flares and 1 died, and 2 of 27 patients (7.4%) HBcAb‐positive/HBsAg‐negative patients who did not receive antiviral therapy experienced HBV reactivation. No patient‐specific or disease‐specific predictors of receiving HBV screening before RTX therapy were identified.CONCLUSIONSAmong adults receiving RTX therapy in a single community‐based hospital system, HBV screening rates were suboptimal, and 28.6% of HBsAg‐positive patients and 7.4% of HBsAg‐negative/HBcAb‐positive patients who did not receive antiviral treatment experienced HBV reactivation or flare. Cancer 2017;123:650–656. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Automatic Dendritic Spine Quantification from Confocal Data with Neurolucida 360
Authors: Dickstein Dara L. , Dickstein Daniel R. , Janssen William G. M. , Hof Patrick R. , Glaser Jacob R. , Rodriguez Alfredo , O'Connor Nate , Angstman Paul , Tappan Susan J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDetermining the density and morphology of dendritic spines is of high biological significance given the role of spines in synaptic plasticity and in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Precise quantification of spines in three dimensions (3D) is essential for understanding the structural determinants of normal and pathological neuronal function. However, this quantification has been restricted to time‐ and labor‐intensive methods such as electron microscopy and manual counting, which have limited throughput and are impractical for studies of large samples. While there have been some automated software packages that quantify spine number, they are limited in terms of their characterization of spine structure. This unit presents methods for objective dendritic spine morphometric analysis by providing image acquisition parameters needed to ensure optimal data series for proper spine detection, characterization, and quantification with Neurolucida 360. These protocols will be a valuable reference for scientists working towards quantifying and characterizing spines. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Independent Directors and CSR Disclosures: The moderating effects of proprietary costs
Authors: García‐Sánchez I. M. , Martínez‐Ferrero J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is two‐fold: (i) to evidence if the role of independent directors regarding the disclosure of corporate social responsibility (CSR) information is determined by the aim of protecting shareholders' value; and (ii) to highlight whether non‐executive directors only have incentives to disclose this information when it does not damage ownerships' interest, being a trade‐off between the benefits of reducing the information asymmetry in capital markets and the cost of aiding competitors by revealing proprietary information. From an international sample from 2004 to 2010, we proposed several Tobit regressions for panel data. This research evidences that independent directors show an initial opposition to CSR disclosure practices except in firms with a higher yearly cost of equity capital and lower proprietary costs. Moreover, this opposition is avoiding if there is an assurance statement that reduces their reputation risks associated with potential misleading CSR information. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Sprouting as a gardening strategy to obtain superior supplementary food: evidence from a seed‐caching marine worm
Authors: Zhu Zhenchang , van Belzen Jim , Hong Tao , Kunihiro Tadao , Ysebaert Tom , Herman Peter M. J. , Bouma Tjeerd J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOnly a handful of non‐human animals are known to grow their own food by cultivating high‐yield fungal or algal crops as staple food. Here we report an alternative strategy utilized by an omnivorous marine worm, Hediste diversicolor, to supplement its diet: gardening by sprouting seeds. In addition to having many other known feeding modes, we showed using video recordings and manipulative mesocosm experiments that this species can also behave like gardeners by deliberately burying cordgrass seeds in their burrows, which has been previously shown to reduce the loss of seeds to water. These seeds, however, are protected by the seed husk, and we used feeding experiments to show that they were not edible for H. diversicolor until they had sprouted or the seed husk had been artificially removed. Additionally, sprouts were shown to be highly nutritious, permitting higher growth rates in H. diversicolor than the low‐quality basal food, detritus. We propose both a proximate cause (seed husk as a physical barrier) and ultimate cause (nutritional demand) for this peculiar feeding behavior. Our findings suggest that sprouting may be a common strategy used by seed‐collecting animals to exploit nutrients from well‐protected seeds.
Inhibitory geostatistical designs for spatial prediction taking account of uncertain covariance structure
Authors: Chipeta Michael , Terlouw Dianne , Phiri Kamija , Diggle Peter 
Published: October 2016

The problem of choosing spatial sampling designs for investigating an unobserved spatial phenomenon
arises in many contexts, for example, in identifying households to select for a prevalence survey to study disease burden and heterogeneity in a study region
. We studied randomized inhibitory spatial sampling designs to address the problem of spatial prediction while taking account of the need to estimate covariance structure. Two specific classes of design are inhibitory designs and inhibitory designs plus close pairs. In an inhibitory design, any pair of sample locations must be separated by at least an inhibition distance δ. In an inhibitory plus close pairs design, n − k sample locations in an inhibitory design with inhibition distance δ are augmented by k locations each positioned close to one of the randomly selected n − k locations in the inhibitory design, uniformly distributed within a disk of radius ζ. We present simulation results for the Matérn class of covariance structures. When the nugget variance is non‐negligible, inhibitory plus close pairs designs demonstrate improved predictive efficiency over designs without close pairs. We illustrate how these findings can be applied to the design of a rolling Malaria Indicator Survey that forms part of an ongoing large‐scale, 5‐year malaria transmission reduction project in Malawi.
Bathymetric Structure‐from‐Motion: extracting shallow stream bathymetry from multi‐view stereo photogrammetry
Authors: Dietrich James T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStream bathymetry is a critical variable in a number of river science applications. In larger rivers, bathymetry can be measured with instruments such as sonar (single or multi‐beam), bathymetric airborne LiDAR (light detection and ranging), or acoustic Doppler current profilers. However, in smaller streams with depths less than 2 m, bathymetry is one of the more difficult variables to map at high‐resolution. Optical remote sensing techniques offer several potential solutions for collecting high‐resolution bathymetry. In this research, I focus on direct photogrammetric measurements of bathymetry using multi‐view stereo photogrammetry, specifically Structure‐from‐Motion (SfM). The main barrier to accurate bathymetric mapping with any photogrammetric technique is correcting for the refraction of light as it passes between the two different media (air and water), which causes water depths to appear shallower than they are. I propose and test an iterative approach that calculates a series of refraction correction equations for every point/camera combination in a SfM point cloud. This new method is meant to address shortcomings of other correction techniques and works within the current preferred method for SfM data collection, oblique and highly convergent photographs. The multi‐camera refraction correction presented here produces bathymetric datasets with accuracies of ~0.02% of the flying height and precisions of ~0.1% of the flying height. This methodology, like many fluvial remote sensing methods, will only work under ideal conditions (e.g. clear water), but it provides an additional tool for collecting high‐resolution bathymetric datasets for a variety of river, coastal, and estuary systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A robust low‐dissipation AUSM‐family scheme for numerical shock stability on unstructured grids
Authors: Zhang Fan , Liu Jun , Chen Biaosong , Zhong Wanxie 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe simple low‐dissipation advection upwind splitting method (SLAU) scheme is a parameter‐free, low‐dissipation upwind scheme that has been applied in a wide range of aerodynamic numerical simulations. In spite of its successful applications, the SLAU scheme could be showing shock instabilities on unstructured grids, as many other contact resolved upwind schemes. Therefore, a hybrid upwind flux scheme is devised for improving the shock stability of SLAU scheme, without compromising on accuracy and low Mach number performance. Numerical flux function of the hybrid scheme is written in a general form, in which only the scalar dissipation term is different from that of the SLAU scheme. The hybrid dissipation term is defined by using a differentiable multidimensional‐shock‐detection pressure weight function, and the dissipation term of SLAU scheme is combined with that of the Van Leer scheme. Furthermore, the hybrid dissipation term is only applied for the solution of momentum fluxes in numerical flux function. Based on the numerical test results, the hybrid scheme is deemed to be a successful improvement on the shock stability of SLAU scheme, without compromising on the efficiency and accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient high order direct ALE ADER finite volume scheme with a posteriori limiting for hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Boscheri Walter 
Published: October 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we present a new family of direct arbitrary–Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) finite volume schemes for the solution of hyperbolic balance laws on unstructured meshes in multiple space dimensions. The scheme is designed to be high‐order accurate both in space and time, and the mesh motion, which provides the new mesh configuration at the next time step, is taken into account in the final finite volume scheme that is based directly on a space‐time conservation formulation of the governing PDE system. To improve the computational efficiency of the algorithm, high order of accuracy in space is achieved using the a posteriori MOOD limiting strategy that allows the reconstruction procedure to be carried out with only one reconstruction stencil for any order of accuracy. We rely on an element‐local space‐time Galerkin finite element predictor on moving curved meshes to obtain a high‐order accurate one‐step time discretization, while the mesh velocity is computed by means of a suitable nodal solver algorithm that might also be supplemented with a local rezoning procedure to improve the mesh quality. Next, the old mesh configuration at time level tn is connected to the new one at tn + 1 by straight edges, hence providing unstructured space‐time control volumes, on the boundary of which the numerical flux has to be integrated. Here, we adopt a quadrature‐free integration, in which the space‐time boundaries of the control volumes are split into simplex sub‐elements that yield constant space‐time normal vectors and Jacobian matrices. In this way, the integrals over the simplex sub‐elements can be evaluated once and for all analytically during a preprocessing step.We apply the new high‐order direct ALE algorithm to the Euler equations of compressible gas dynamics (also referred to as hydrodynamics equations) as well as to the magnetohydrodynamics equations and we solve a set of classical test problems in two and three space dimensions. Numerical convergence rates are provided up to fifth order of accuracy in 2D and 3D for both hyperbolic systems considered in this paper. Finally, the efficiency of the new method is measured and carefully compared against the original formulation of the algorithm that makes use of a WENO reconstruction technique and Gaussian quadrature formulae for the flux integration: depending on the test problem, the new class of very efficient direct ALE schemes proposed in this paper can run up to ≈12 times faster in the 3D case. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inflammation‐induced myeloid‐derived suppressor cells associated with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: Chen Wen‐Cheng , Lai Chia‐Hsuan , Chuang Huei‐Chieh , Lin Paul‐Yang , Chen Miao‐Fen 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to present our assessment of the significance of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsWe examined the percentage of MDSCs in the peripheral blood of patients with HNSCC. The relationship among MDSC recruitment, tumor progression, and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibition was also evaluated by animal models.ResultsCirculating MDSCs were significantly increased in patients with HNSCC compared with healthy people, and this was associated with the clinical tumor burden. In immunocompetent 4‐nitroquinoline‐1‐oxide (4‐NQO)‐induced oral tumor and immunocompromised tumor implantation animal models, MDSC recruitment was associated with the duration of 4‐NQO treatment and tumor progression. The responsible mechanisms included the suppressive ability of T‐cell proliferation and augmenting angiogenesis by MDSC. Blockade of COX‐2 attenuated the induction and function of MDSCs and subsequently inhibited tumor growth.ConclusionThe levels of MDSC are linked with tumor progression in HNSCC. Moreover, targeting COX‐2 could be a promising strategy for the treatment of HNSCC. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 347–355, 2017