bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertebral bone marrow diffusivity in healthy adults at 3T diffusion-weighted imaging
Authors: Jie He , Hao Fang , Na Li Xiao 
Published: April 2016

Background There has been controversy surrounding the relationship between diffusivity and age in vertebral bone marrow. In particular, gender-related factors that influence the vertebral bone marrow conditions have not yet been identified. Purpose To determine the age- and gender-related diffusivity changes of the lumbar bone marrow by measuring the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. Material and Methods A total of 125 healthy adult volunteers were enrolled in this study. Sagittal magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the lumbar spine was performed. The ADC values of vertebral bone marrow were measured and compared between gender and age groups. Correlation analysis was used to evaluate the correlation between the ADC values and age. Results The ADC values of the female participants were significantly higher than those of the male participants ( P = 0.023). Among individuals aged less than 50 years, the ADC values of the female participants were significantly higher than those of the male participants ( P < 0.001). The ADC values of the pre-menopausal female participants were significantly higher than post-menopausal female participants ( P < 0.001). The ADC value was also significantly and negatively correlated with age (r = −0.334, P = 0.001), particularly among women (r = −0.581, P < 0.001). Conclusion Bone marrow ADC values of the lumbar spine demonstrated gender- and age-related differences. In particular, gender difference occurred among participants aged less than 50 years. These findings likely reflect changes in the cellular component of the lumbar bone marrow.
Conference Presentation Characteristics of Studies Published in The American Journal of Sports Medicine
Authors: Kraeutler Matthew J. , Schrock John B. , McCarty Eric C. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Previous studies have determined the percentage of studies presented at national orthopaedic surgery meetings that are eventually published in peer-reviewed journals. Purpose: To determine the proportion of articles in The American Journal of Sports Medicine ( AJSM) that are presented at national or international meetings. Study Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The AJSM archive of 2014 online issues was searched. All original research articles were searched for corresponding presentations as listed at the beginning of the manuscript. An email was sent to the corresponding author of all articles, including those with a presentation listed. Corresponding authors were asked if the published study was presented at a national or international meeting and, if so, at which meeting and year the study was presented. If the study was not presented at a national meeting, the corresponding author was asked why this was the case. Results: A total of 315 articles met the inclusion criteria. Presentation information was obtained for 264 of these articles (84%). Of these 264 studies, 218 (83%) were presented at national or international conferences. A total of 341 presentations were listed, including 144 (42%) at international conferences. The average time from first presentation to publication was 12.9 months. Seventy-two studies (72/218, 33%) were presented at more than 1 meeting. Of those studies presented at more than 1 meeting, the average number of presentations was 2.7 (range, 2-6). The most common conferences at which AJSM-published studies were presented were the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM) Annual Meeting (n = 56) and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Annual Meeting (n = 43). Seven authors stated that their published studies were not presented because the study was not accepted for presentation at a national meeting. Conclusion: A high proportion of studies accepted for publication in AJSM are presented at national and international meetings. AOSSM and AAOS Annual Meetings are the most common conferences at which these studies are presented, although international conferences account for a substantial proportion of AJSM-published study presentations.
Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Improve Collagenase-Induced Tendinopathy in a Rat Model
Authors: Oshita Takashi , Tobita Morikuni , Tajima Satoshi , Mizuno Hiroshi 
Published: April 2016

Background: Tendinopathy is a common and highly prevalent musculoskeletal disorder characterized by repetitive activity-related pain and focal tendon tenderness. Histopathologically, tendinopathic tissue mainly shows degenerative changes. Therefore, tendinopathy is not affected by anti-inflammatory therapies. A novel approach, including a stem cell–based therapy, may be beneficial for its treatment. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on tendon healing in a rat tendinopathy model. The hypothesis was that ASC transplantation would improve degeneration in collagenase-induced tendinopathy. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Sixteen F344/NSlc rats underwent collagenase injection into the Achilles tendon to induce tendinopathy. At 1 week after collagenase injection, 8 rats received ASCs (ASC group) and 8 received phosphate-buffered saline alone (PBS group). Animals were sacrificed at 4 or 12 weeks after ASC administration, and the degree of degeneration in each tendon was histologically evaluated according to the Bonar scale. The microstructure of healing tendons was observed by scanning electron microscopy. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed to measure the ratio of type III collagen messenger RNA (mRNA) to type I collagen mRNA in tendons. Results: The median Bonar scale score in the ASC and PBS groups was 2.5 and 5.33 at 4 weeks after treatment and 1.0 and 4.0 at 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. Histologically, the ASC group showed a significantly lower degree of tendon degeneration than the PBS group at both time points. In the RT-PCR analysis, the ratio of type III collagen to type I collagen was significantly lower in the ASC group than in the PBS group at 12 weeks after treatment. Moreover, this ratio decreased over time in the ASC group, whereas it increased over time in the PBS group. Conclusion: The study findings demonstrate that the application of ASCs results in significant improvement in the pathological findings associated with tendinopathy and the normalization of collagen ratios within the affected tendon. Clinical Relevance: Subcutaneous adipose tissue can be harvested easily, and ASC administration might have the potential to rapidly treat tendinopathy.
Burnout among Canadian Psychiatry Residents: A National Survey
Authors: Kealy David , Halli Priyanka , Ogrodniczuk John S. , Hadjipavlou George 
Published: April 2016

Objective: Burnout is a serious problem for health care providers that has implications for clinical practice and personal health. While burnout is known to affect residents, no studies have examined the prevalence or impact of burnout among Canadian psychiatry residents. Method: Residents in all Canadian psychiatry training programs were surveyed between May 1, 2014, and July 1, 2014. The survey included a well-validated, single-item measure to assess symptoms of burnout, several demographic questions, and Likert-scale items to assess residents’ appraisals of empathic functioning and strategies for coping with stress from patient encounters. Results: Responses were obtained from 400 residents, for a response rate of 48%. Twenty-one percent ( N = 84) of residents reported symptoms of burnout. Burnout was reported more frequently by residents in postgraduate year 2 than by those in other years and was associated with engagement in personal psychotherapy during residency. No association was found between burnout and age, gender, or location of residency program. Residents who endorsed symptoms of burnout reported higher levels of compromised empathic functioning, were less likely to consult with supervisors about stressful clinical experiences, and were more likely to engage in unhealthy coping strategies. Conclusions: Symptoms of burnout affect one-fifth of Canadian psychiatry residents. The associations between burnout symptoms and problematic clinical and personal functioning suggest areas of concern for those involved in the training of Canadian psychiatry residents.
New Community Spaces: Regional Governance in the Public Interest in the Greater Toronto Area
Authors: Bramwell Allison , Pierre Jon 
Published: April 2016

Editor’s Note: A two-part podcast featuring a discussion by the authors of the Mini-symposium on Urban Governance can be found at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/uar/podcasts This article examines community-driven forms of institutionalized collaboration at the regional scale. We advance a generic and scalable framework that captures not only participants and incentives but also the structures and processes that shape urban policy objectives. This framework allows us to track implementation and adaptation, and to assess institutional viability, legitimacy, and performance over time. We find that the Greater Toronto CivicAction Alliance represents a durable and high-performing place-based alliance of social, economic, and political actors dedicated to regional development strategies that include growth and equity goals. Yet the CivicAction Alliance is not a governing coalition. Elite dominance of the policy agenda, value-based tensions, and weak linkages between elected and civic leaders indicate that governance challenges with important democratic implications remain.
Local Place-Based Collaborative Governance: Comparing State-Centric and Society-Centered Models
Authors: Clarke Susan E. 
Published: April 2016

Editor’s Note: A two-part podcast featuring a discussion by the authors of the Mini-symposium on Urban Governance can be found at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/uar/podcasts The renaissance in place-based, cross-sector local collaboratives in American cities is distinguished by diverse strategies and actors. This exploratory research compares early stages of two collaborative initiatives—one relying on traditional state-centric collaboration models and the other drawing on emergent civil society collaboration models—in Denver, Colorado. The FasTracks initiative is a complex public-sector effort involving multiple jurisdictions, private-sector partners, and civic organizations in developing a regional transit system. The Children’s Corridor, spearheaded by the Piton Foundation, links efforts of local government, multiple nonprofit organizations, and private providers to improve children’s well-being in a targeted area. Although the Children’s Corridor collaboration suffered unanticipated disruptions, the argument here is not that one collaborative strategy is more effective than another. Rather, the resilience of the large-scale FasTracks collaborative—despite high transaction costs, diverse interests, eroding trust—was contingent on “bridging the collaborative divide” with dynamic scaling to accommodate multiple governance challenges.
Allostatic Perspectives in Women Veterans With a History of Childhood Sexual Assault
Authors: Groër Maureen Wimberly , Kostas-Polston Elizabeth A. , Dillahunt-Aspillaga Christina , Beckie Theresa M. , Johnson-Mallard Versie , Duffy Allyson , Evans Mary E. 
Published: April 2016

Background: Women veterans have increased reports of sexual victimization compared to women in general, including childhood sexual assault (CSA) before military service, increasing the risk of military sexual trauma. Findings from recent studies reveal negative health effects following a history of CSA. There is a strong relationship between CSA and revictimization in civilian and military life, which may contribute to allostatic load. Objectives: (1) To determine the relationship between women veterans’ CSA history and later sexual assault history and (2) to determine the relationships between women veterans’ CSA and primary mediators and secondary and tertiary outcomes of allostasis. Research design: Cross-sectional. Subjects: Women ( N = 81), 18–70 years old, veterans of the U.S. Armed Services. Measures: Participants completed questionnaires and blood and hair samples were collected. Several scales were utilized: Posttraumatic Checklist–Military, Center for Epidemiological Studies–Depression Scale, Pain Outcomes Questionnaire–Short Form, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Profile of Mood States, and an investigator-developed sexual harassment/assault instrument. Results: Thirty-three percent of participants reported CSA; of these, 38.5% reported military sexual assault and 70.3% sexual assault during civilian life. Those with CSA had higher cholesterol, triglycerides, perceived stress scores, and greater pain and fatigue than those without CSA. Hair cortisol was marginally lower in women with CSA when PSS was controlled, suggesting a dampened hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis. Conclusions: These data suggest that some women veterans with a history of CSA may have increased allostatic load and be at increased risk for a variety of later life illnesses.
Impact of Islamic Values on the Leadership Style of Muslim Women Academics in Malaysia
Authors: Hamzah Siti Raba’ah , Hamzah Azimi , Othman Jamilah , Devi Sharmila 
Published: April 2016

The Problem The religious background of Muslim women academic leaders in Malaysia guides them in performing demanding roles in managing multiple responsibilities. To date, little is known about the impact of Islamic values on Muslim women leaders in institutions of higher learning, even though Islam is the official religion in Malaysia. In addition, the field of human resource development has done little to explore the leadership style of Muslim women. The Solution This paper presents findings and recommendations of a research conducted for the purpose of exploring, understanding, and presenting the impact of Islamic values on the leadership style of Muslim women academics in Malaysia. This inquiry is significant because it’s open the new sight for HRD scholar and practitioners to explore HRD in a leadership, women leadership, religious, and the role of Muslim faith in women academic leaders. It is hoped that the findings of this research will encourage HRD scholars and practitioners to consider integrated dimension to their scholarly thought and practice related to leadership style. The Stakeholders The outcomes of this research will be of interest to those women who are currently in leadership roles in academia, as well as those women interested in moving into these roles. It should also be of interest to higher education administrators and, particularly, those within higher education charged with developing leaders. Human resource development scholars and practitioners will also benefit from the contributions of this article to our general understanding of women in leadership roles.
Influences of an Evangelical Christian Worldview on Women’s Leadership Development
Authors: Dahlvig Jolyn E. , Longman Karen A. 
Published: April 2016

The Problem A recent Pew Research Center report noted that 70.6% of U.S. American adults self-identify as Christian; 25.4% identify themselves as Protestant Evangelical. Historically, the worldview of evangelicals has reflected what Gallagher described as a “hierarchically ordered universe.” The implications of this worldview on both individuals and organizational cultures add complexities as women navigate the labyrinth of leadership. Such complexities, related to the implied superiority of maleness, call for a review of research related to the leadership experiences of evangelical women, with implications for professional development programs. The Solution Recent research has focused attention on leadership identity development; for women, this process involves addressing “the often fragile process of coming to see oneself, and to be seen by others, as a leader.” Understanding the worldview of evangelicals can be important if the aspirations and abilities of high-potential women are to be fully tapped. Based on previous grounded theory research as reported by Dahlvig and Longman, this article provides a review of the relevant literature, including a model and conceptual framework for leadership development that recognizes the influence of an evangelical worldview on organizational culture and women’s leadership aspirations and experiences of women. The Stakeholders As a multidisciplinary field, Human Resource Development benefits from exploring emerging leadership development theories, especially theories that take into consideration context, culture, and worldview. This research can be instructive to HRD professionals and others who may benefit from understanding how worldview shapes individuals’ lived experiences.
Understanding the Experiences of Professional Women Leaders Living and Working in Sweden
Authors: Johnson Elizabeth R. , Tunheim Katherine A. 
Published: April 2016

The Problem Women working across the globe have struggled to achieve positions of leadership while also taking parental leave, accessing affordable child care, and maintaining work–life balance. Alternate models are needed, in particular those relevant to the development and retention of women in the workplace. The Solution Scandinavia is leading the world in gender equality (World Economic Forum). Of these progressive Nordic countries, the United Nations Commission has identified Sweden as one of the best countries in the world for women to live and work (World Economic Forum). The purpose of this article is to gain a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of professional women leaders living and working in Sweden. The Stakeholders With implications for employee retention and pay equity, this research may be useful for human resource development professionals, leadership developers, and educators. It may also be informative to women across the globe, hoping to learn how other countries treat and support their female and male employees, especially during parental leaves.
A proof-of-concept study of the VeinScrew: A new percutaneous venous closure device
Authors: Boersma Doeke , de Borst Gert Jan , Moll Frans L 
Published: April 2016

Objective This study evaluated the concept of percutaneous closure of insufficient veins using the VeinScrew principle. Methods The VeinScrew is designed to place a spring-shaped implant that contracts and clamps around the vein. The ability of the device to occlude adequately was tested in a bench model experiment. The feasibility of accurate placement and adequate venous occlusion was evaluated in an animal experiment and in a human cadaveric experiment. Results The VeinScrew implant occluded up to a pressure of 135 mmHg. In vivo studies confirmed that deployment was challenging but technically feasible, and subsequent phlebography showed closure of the vein. The cadaveric study showed that percutaneous placement of the evolved VeinScrew around the great saphenous vein was feasible and accurate. Conclusions The current studies show the feasibility of the VeinScrew concept. Future developments and translational studies are necessary to determine the potential of this technique as a new option in the phlebologist’s toolbox.
“I don’t like talking about it because that’s not who I am”: Challenges children face during epilepsy-related family communication
Authors: O’Toole S , Lambert V , Gallagher P , Shahwan A , Austin JK 
Published: April 2016

Objectives Childhood epilepsy not only significantly impacts a child’s social relationships and psychosocial wellbeing, but it can also cause disruptions in family relations. Children living with epilepsy often rely on parental figures for guidance in relation to their condition. A paucity of research has examined the challenges for children when communicating about epilepsy with parental figures. This qualitative study explored the challenges faced by children when talking about epilepsy with their parent(s). Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 children (aged 6–16 years) living with epilepsy. Participants were recruited from a neurology department of a major pediatric hospital and from a national epilepsy association. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and thematically analyzed. Results Findings revealed four themes: communication impeding normalcy, parental overprotection, parental reactions to epilepsy-related communication, and restriction of activities as a consequence of epilepsy-related communication. Discussion The study highlights the need for a greater understanding of parent–child dialogue surrounding epilepsy and where challenges lie for children in conversing about their condition. Parents and health care professionals play a pivotal role in facilitating an environment where children feel comfortable talking about epilepsy. This information will be instrumental in the development of a communication-based intervention for families living with epilepsy.
Neural correlates of hyperalgesia in the monosodium iodoacetate model of osteoarthritis pain
Authors: Abaei Maryam , Sagar Devi R , Stockley Elizabeth G , Spicer Clare H , Prior Malcolm , Chapman Victoria , Auer Dorothee P 
Published: April 2016

Background The mechanisms driving osteoarthritic pain remain poorly understood, but there is increasing evidence for a role of the central nervous system in the chronification of pain. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate the influence of a model of unilateral knee osteoarthritis on nociceptive processing. Results Four to five weeks post intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA, 1 mg) into the left knee, Sprague Dawley rats were anesthetized for functional magnetic resonance imaging studies to characterize the neural response to a noxious stimulus (intra-articular capsaicin injection). In a two-arm cross-over design, 5 µM/50 µl capsaicin was injected into either the left knee ( n = 8, CAPS-MIA) or right control knee ( n = 8, CAPS-CON), preceded by contralateral vehicle (SAL) injection. To assess neural correlates of mechanical hyperalgesia, hindpaws were stimulated with von Frey hairs (8 g: MIA; 15 g: control knee, based on behavioral withdrawal responses). The CAPS-MIA group exhibited significant activation of the periaqueductal gray, unilateral thalamus and bilateral mensencephalon, superior-colliculus, and hippocampus, with no significant activation in the other groups/conditions. Capsaicin injection increased functional connectivity in the mid-brain network and mediodorsal thalamic nucleus, hippocampus, and globus pallidus, which was significantly stronger in CAPS-MIA compared to CAPS-CON groups. Mechanical stimulation of the hyperalgesic (ipsilateral to MIA knee) and normalgesic (contralateral) hindpaws evoked qualitatively different brain activation with more widespread brainstem and anterior cingulate (ACC) activation when stimulating the hyperalgesic paw, and clearer frontal sensory activation from the normalgesic paw. Conclusions We provide evidence for modulation of nociceptive processing in a chronic knee osteoarthritis pain model with stronger brain activation and alteration of brain networks induced by the pro-nociceptive stimulus. We also report a shift to a medial pain activation pattern following stimulation of the hyperalgesic hindpaw. Taken together, our data support altered neural pain processing as a result of peripheral and central pain sensitization in this model.