bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of absorbed water on the adhesion, friction, and wear of phosphate laser glass at nanoscale
Authors: Wang Yongrui , He Hongtu , Yu Jiaxin , Zhang Yafeng , Hu Hailong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe interaction between glass and micro‐particle in the presence of absorbed water could affect glass surface integrity, especially for the phosphate glass with a poor water resistance. In this work, using an atomic force microscope equipped with an environment chamber, the adhesion, friction and wear behaviors of phosphate laser (PL) glass were investigated by contacting with an SiO2 microsphere under vacuum, dry air, and humid air, respectively, to reveal the effect of the absorbed water on the interactions between glass and particle. Compared to vacuum and dry air, a higher adhesion force and friction coefficient as well as more material removal of PL glass were found in humid air. The capillary force caused by absorbed water greatly contributes to the high adhesion and friction in humid air. Moreover, the water meniscus forming at glass‐particle interface provides an environment for hydrolyzing P–O–P network and assists the material removal of PL glass under shear stress. Comparing the results after rubbing the SiO2 particle to those rubbed by the CeO2 particle in our previous work, in humid air, a higher shear stress and material removal rate were found in PL glass‐CeO2 pair than in the PL glass‐SiO2 pair, indicating that in the presence of absorbed water, countersurface chemistry also plays an important role in the friction and wear of PL glass at the nanoscale surface.
Spatial ions distribution of the bonding interface in YAG/Nd:LuAG composite laser ceramic
Authors: Zhang Pande , Jiang Benxue , Jiang Yiguang , Zhang Ge , Chen Shuilin , Fan Jintai , Zhang Long 
Published: June 2017

AbstractComposite YAG/Nd:LuAG transparent ceramics were fabricated by a thermal bonding process. The spatial distribution of ions around the original bonding interface of the YAG/Nd:LuAG composite laser ceramic was investigated. Around the original bonding interface, Lu3+ and Y3+ ions were replaced with each other in dodecahedral symmetry sites. Results from X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) quantitative chemical analyses positively show that the distance of Y3+ ions diffused in the LuAG part is about 35 μm, while Lu3+ ions’ diffused distance in the YAG part is about 5 μm. This corresponds to the diffusion coefficient of Y3+ ions and Lu3+ ions (DY=2.43 ×10−10 cm2/s and DLu=0.56×10−10 cm2/s at 1750°C). The formation of YxLu(3−x)Al5O12 polycrystal in the bonding section explains the complete combination of LuAG and YAG without a bonding interface. Moreover, no diffusion phenomenon of Nd3+ ions was detected near the original bonding interface.
Artistic Constitutions of the Civil Domain: On Art, Education and Democracy
Authors: Gielen Pascal 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHow can we understand the relationship between art, education and democracy in the contemporary Western political condition? The recent presidential elections in the USA showed that the classical model of liberal representative democracy is shaking on its foundations. The question is how can artists and education respond to this political condition? In this article it is argued that art has a special quality to address political, and especially democratic, issues. It can strengthen education in its lessons in democracy and citizenship. Art has a special quality to walk on an alternative path of democracy, namely that of the civil domain. In the civil sphere artistic qualities and skills of designing and of imagination can play a crucial role.
First detailed nutritional survey in a referral companion animal population
Authors: Vandendriessche V. L. , Picavet P. , Hesta M. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryOptimal nutrition in every life stage and certainly in diseased animals will contribute greatly to improve overall health and quality of life. The 5th VA guidelines have been designed to help veterinarians to implement a nutritional assessment into every patient, every time it comes into their practice. This nutritional survey in referral patients was conducted by one person skilled in acquiring detailed nutritional information and evaluating nutritional status. Two goals were set as follows: first to gain more insight into the nutritional status and management of referred patients and second to gain more insight in the nutritional recommendations given by the treating veterinarian. Using an online survey program, a detailed nutritional survey was designed using the 5th VA guidelines as a roadmap. Ultimately, 100 surveys were completed using referral patients with following results: only 15% of referred patients were cats; obesity occurrence was high with 53% of cats and 35% of dogs being overweight or obese; eleven per cent of animals had an abnormal MCS; and five of seven dogs with an abnormal MCS dogs died within 6 months. Several nutritional risk factors were undiagnosed and consequently untreated in these patients. Therefore, continued efforts must be made to educate practicing veterinarians into using the nutritional guidelines. The routine use of these guidelines by veterinarians will ultimately improve the nutritional status of all companion animals and might reduce the prevalence of diseases where poor nutrition or management has a contributing role.
Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf powder supplementation on growth performance and intestinal morphology in broiler chickens
Authors: Khan I. , Zaneb H. , Masood S. , Yousaf M. S. , Rehman H. F. , Rehman H. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryDue to public health hazards of subtherapeutic use of antibiotics in poultry feed, there is a need for alternatives. Moringa oleifera is a phytobiotic, which is reported to possess antimicrobial and immuno‐modulatory properties. This study aimed to investigate effects of M. oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) supplementation on growth performance and intestinal microarchitecture of broiler chickens. Day‐old broiler chicks (n = 100) were randomly divided into five groups with four replicates each having five birds. Birds were fed a corn‐based basal diet or the same diet supplemented with 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5% MOLP. Body weight and feed conversion ratio were recorded on weekly basis. On day 35, two birds per replicate were selected to collect samples of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecal tonsils and bursa of Fabricius. Tissue samples were stained with haematoxylin and eosin or combined alcian blue and PAS technique. Supplementation of MOLP had no effect on feed intake, feed conversion ratio, bursa weight and intra‐epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) count. Birds fed with 1.2% MOLP had higher (p < 0.05) body weight, length and empty weight of small intestine, and weight of empty and filled ceca. Villus height (duodenum, jejunum, ileum), villus surface area (duodenum) and villus height:crypt depth (ileum) were higher (p < 0.05) in 1.2% MOLP group compared with non‐supplemented group. In duodenum, total goblet cell count was higher (p < 0.05) in all the supplemented groups when compared with non‐supplemented birds. Acidic mucin count was higher (p < 0.05) in duodenum, jejunum and ileum of 1.2% MOLP group compared with the control group. Bursal follicle count was higher (p < 0.05) in 1.2% MOLP group compared with non‐supplemented group. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 1.2% MOLP modulated intestinal microarchitecture and acidic mucin production without any apparent effect on growth.
Whole‐Blood Taurine Concentrations in Cats With Intestinal Disease
Authors: Kathrani A. , Fascetti A.J. , Larsen J.A. , Maunder C. , Hall E.J. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundIncreased delivery of taurine‐conjugated bile acids to the distal bowel can lead to dysbiosis resulting in colitis in mouse models of inflammatory bowel disease. A similar situation also could occur in cats with intestinal disease and might therefore result in decreased whole‐body taurine concentration.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo determine whether whole‐blood taurine concentrations are decreased at the time of diagnosis in cats with intestinal disease and to correlate concentrations with clinical and laboratory variables.AnimalsTwenty‐one cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy and 7 cats with intestinal neoplasia from the University of Bristol.MethodsCats that had undergone a thorough investigation consisting of a CBC, serum biochemistry, serum cobalamin and folate concentrations, transabdominal ultrasound examination and histopathology of intestinal biopsy specimens, as well as additional testing if indicated, were included. Whole‐blood from these cats collected at the time of histologic diagnosis and stored in ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid was retrospectively analyzed for taurine with an automated high‐performance liquid chromatography amino acid analyzer.ResultsAlthough whole‐blood taurine concentrations remained within the reference range, those cats with predominantly large intestinal clinical signs had significantly lower concentrations than did cats with small intestinal and mixed bowel clinical signs (P = 0.033) and this difference also was significant when assessed only in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy (P = 0.019).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAdditional studies are needed to determine whether large intestinal signs in cats with chronic inflammatory enteropathy are caused by alterations in the microbiota arising as a consequence of increased delivery of taurine‐conjugated bile acids.
Genetics and developmental biology of cooperation
Authors: Kasper Claudia , Vierbuchen Maddalena , Ernst Ulrich , Fischer Stefan , Radersma Reinder , Raulo Aura , Cunha‐Saraiva Filipa , Wu Min , Mobley Kenyon B. , Taborsky Barbara 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite essential progress towards understanding the evolution of cooperative behaviour, we still lack detailed knowledge about its underlying molecular mechanisms, genetic basis, evolutionary dynamics and ontogeny. An international workshop “Genetics and Development of Cooperation,” organized by the University of Bern (Switzerland), aimed at discussing the current progress in this research field and suggesting avenues for future research. This review uses the major themes of the meeting as a springboard to synthesize the concepts of genetic and nongenetic inheritance of cooperation, and to review a quantitative genetic framework that allows for the inclusion of indirect genetic effects. Furthermore, we argue that including nongenetic inheritance, such as transgenerational epigenetic effects, parental effects, ecological and cultural inheritance, provides a more nuanced view of the evolution of cooperation. We summarize those genes and molecular pathways in a range of species that seem promising candidates for mechanisms underlying cooperative behaviours. Concerning the neurobiological substrate of cooperation, we suggest three cognitive skills necessary for the ability to cooperate: (i) event memory, (ii) synchrony with others and (iii) responsiveness to others. Taking a closer look at the developmental trajectories that lead to the expression of cooperative behaviours, we discuss the dichotomy between early morphological specialization in social insects and more flexible behavioural specialization in cooperatively breeding vertebrates. Finally, we provide recommendations for which biological systems and species may be particularly suitable, which specific traits and parameters should be measured, what type of approaches should be followed, and which methods should be employed in studies of cooperation to better understand how cooperation evolves and manifests in nature.
Signatures of soft sweeps across the Dt1 locus underlying determinate growth habit in soya bean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]
Authors: Zhong Limei , Yang Qiaomei , Yan Xin , Yu Chao , Su Liu , Zhang Xifeng , Zhu Youlin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDeterminate growth habit is an agronomically important trait associated with domestication in soya bean. Previous studies have demonstrated that the emergence of determinacy is correlated with artificial selection on four nonsynonymous mutations in the Dt1 gene. To better understand the signatures of the soft sweeps across the Dt1 locus and track the origins of the determinate alleles, we examined patterns of nucleotide variation in Dt1 and the surrounding genomic region of approximately 800 kb. Four local, asymmetrical hard sweeps on four determinate alleles, sized approximately 660, 120, 220 and 150 kb, were identified, which constitute the soft sweeps for the adaptation. These variable‐sized sweeps substantially reflected the strength and timing of selection and indicated that the selection on the alleles had been completed rapidly within half a century. Statistics of EHH, iHS, H12 and H2/H1 based on haplotype data had the power to detect the soft sweeps, revealing distinct signatures of extensive long‐range LD and haplotype homozygosity, and multiple frequent adaptive haplotypes. A haplotype network constructed for Dt1 and a phylogenetic tree based on its extended haplotype block implied independent sources of the adaptive alleles through de novo mutations or rare standing variation in quick succession during the selective phase, strongly supporting multiple origins of the determinacy. We propose that the adaptation of soya bean determinacy is guided by a model of soft sweeps and that this model might be indispensable during crop domestication or evolution.
When Gesture Becomes Analogy
Authors: Cooperrider Kensy , Goldin‐Meadow Susan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnalogy researchers do not often examine gesture, and gesture researchers do not often borrow ideas from the study of analogy. One borrowable idea from the world of analogy is the importance of distinguishing between attributes and relations. Gentner (,) observed that some metaphors highlight attributes and others highlight relations, and called the latteranalogies. Mirroring this logic, we observe that some metaphoric gestures represent attributes and others represent relations, and propose to call the latteranalogical gestures. We provide examples of such analogical gestures and show how they relate to the categories of iconic and metaphoric gestures described previously. Analogical gestures represent different types of relations and different degrees of relational complexity, and sometimes cohere into larger analogical models. Treating analogical gestures as a distinct phenomenon prompts new questions and predictions, and illustrates one way that the study of gesture and the study of analogy can be mutually informative.
Functional expression of calcium‐permeable canonical transient receptor potential 4‐containing channels promotes migration of medulloblastoma cells
Authors: Wei Wei‐Chun , Huang Wan‐Chen , Lin Yu‐Ping , Becker Esther B. E. , Ansorge Olaf , Flockerzi Veit , Conti Daniele , Cenacchi Giovanna , Glitsch Maike D. 
Published: June 2017

Key points
The proton sensing ovarian cancer G protein coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, aka GPR68) promotes expression of the canonical transient receptor potential channel subunit TRPC4 in normal and transformed cerebellar granule precursor (DAOY) cells.
OGR1 and TRPC4 are prominently expressed in healthy cerebellar tissue throughout postnatal development and in primary cerebellar medulloblastoma tissues.
Activation of TRPC4‐containing channels in DAOY cells, but not non‐transformed granule precursor cells, results in prominent increases in [Ca2+]i and promotes cell motility in wound healing and transwell migration assays.
Medulloblastoma cells not arising from granule precursor cells show neither prominent rises in [Ca2+]i nor enhanced motility in response to TRPC4 activation unless they overexpressTRPC4.
Our results suggest that OGR1 enhances expression of TRPC4‐containing channels that contribute to enhanced invasion and metastasis of granule precursor‐derived human medulloblastoma.
AbstractAberrant intracellular Ca2+ signalling contributes to the formation and progression of a range of distinct pathologies including cancers. Rises in intracellular Ca2+ concentration occur in response to Ca2+ influx through plasma membrane channels and Ca2+ release from intracellular Ca2+ stores, which can be mobilized in response to activation of cell surface receptors. Ovarian cancer G protein coupled receptor 1 (OGR1, aka GPR68) is a proton‐sensing Gq‐coupled receptor that is most highly expressed in cerebellum. Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common paediatric brain tumour that arises from cerebellar precursor cells. We found that nine distinct human MB samples all expressed OGR1. In both normal granule cells and the transformed human cerebellar granule cell line DAOY, OGR1 promoted expression of the proton‐potentiated member of the canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel family, TRPC4. Consistent with a role for TRPC4 in MB, we found that all MB samples also expressed TRPC4. In DAOY cells, activation of TRPC4‐containing channels resulted in large Ca2+ influx and enhanced migration, while in normal cerebellar granule (precursor) cells and MB cells not derived from granule precursors, only small levels of Ca2+ influx and no enhanced migration were observed. Our results suggest that OGR1‐dependent increases in TRPC4 expression may favour formation of highly Ca2+‐permeable TRPC4‐containing channels that promote transformed granule cell migration. Increased motility of cancer cells is a prerequisite for cancer invasion and metastasis, and our findings may point towards a key role for TRPC4 in progression of certain types of MB.
The Prevalence of Visual Acuity Impairment among School Children at Arada Subcity Primary Schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Darge Haile Fentahun , Shibru Getahun , Mulugeta Abiy , Dagnachew Yinebeb Mezgebu 
Published: June 2017

Background. Visual impairment and blindness are major public health problems in developing countries where there is no enough health-care service. Objective. To determine the prevalence of visual impairment among school children. Materials and Methods. A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted between 15 June 2015 and 30 November 2015 at Arada subcity primary schools, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Two schools were selected randomly, and 378 students were screened from grades 1 to 8 using systematic random sampling method. Snellen chart was used for visual acuity test. Students who had visual acuity of ≤6/12 were further examined by an ophthalmologist to diagnose the reason for low vision. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Results. A total of 378 students were screened, and 192 (50.8%) were females and the remaining 186 (49.2%) were males. The prevalence of visual impairment (VA) of ≤6/12 on either eye was 5.8%, VA < 6/18 on either eye was 1.1%, and VA < 6/18 on the better eye was 0.53%. In this study, color blindness [OR: 19.65, 95% CI (6.01–64.33)] was significantly associated with visual acuity impairment. Conclusion. The prevalence of visual impairment among school children in the study area was 5.8% and school screening is recommended.
УКУСИ ГРИЗУНАМИ І РОЗВИТОК ЛЕПТОСПІРОЗУ
Authors: Vasylieva N. A. , Hodovana N. I. , Kravchuk Yu. A. 
Published: June 2017

Тернопільська область є ендемічною щодо лептоспірозу. Основним резервуаром його збудника в природі є мишоподібні гризуни. Останнім часом значно почастішали випадки покусів гризунами людей - від 0,7 % (в анамнезі госпіталізованих з приводу лептоспірозу хворих у 1972-2011 рр.) до 7,5 % (у 2012-2016 рр.).Мета роботи – встановити можливість і частоту виникнення лептоспірозу у людей після укусів мишоподібними гризунами.Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано матеріали епідеміологічного розслідування та клінічного спостереження 83 осіб після укусів мишоподібними гризунами.Результати досліджень. У 7 (18,9 %) пацієнтів розвинувся лептоспіроз, що підтверджено результатами лабораторного обстеження. Заселеність гризунами осередків, де мали місце випадки укусів людей мишоподібними гризунами, склала 33,7 %, інфікованість відловлених гризунів - від 17,6 до 33,3 %. Висновок. Результати проведеного дослідження диктують необхідність медичного спостереження за пацієнтами після укусів гризунами з метою своєчасної діагностики лептоспірозу та адекватної лікувальної тактики.
Стан стоматологічної захворюваності у провідників пасажирських вагонів чернівецького вузла львівської залізниці
Authors: Kitsak T. S. , Mandziuk T. B. 
Published: June 2017

The study aimed at identifying health leaders peculiarities forming carriages under the influence of factors of production for the purpose of scientific justification of low-cost and effective recovery measures are important because prolonged exposure to harmful factors on the health worsens and leads to various diseases, which adversely affects the workers to perform their duties.The aim of the study – to examine the state of dental hard tissues, to assess the intensity and peculiarities of clinical manifestations of both carious process and non-carious affects of dental hard tissues among the passenger car attendants of Chernivtsi station.Materials and Methods. To solve the tasks we examined 52 people, including 30 passenger car attendants of Chernivtsi station (treatment group) and 22 employees not exposed to harmful factors (experimental group). All patients were divided into four age groups and examined according to recommendations of World Health Organization on dental examination. Teeth assessment was conducted according to CFE (caries, filled, extracted) index.Results and Discussion. The degree of caries expansion among the passenger car attendants is 100 % in all age groups, the number affected teeth with caries depending on the length of service and age ranges from 20.0 to 25.97. Only half of teeth affected by caries is treated. Depending on the age from 12 % to 53 % of teeth are extracted.Conclusions. We recommend to restore the programs of dental diseases prevention that would include dental education of the employees, learning the rules of sensible nutrition, learning the rules of the mouth cavity hygienic care, secondary prevention (planned oral cavity sanation), dispensary observation.
Експерементальне дослідження ефективності використання бар’єрного методу профілактики спайкового процесу в черевній порожнині
Authors: Bukata V. V. 
Published: June 2017

Мета роботи: визначити ефективність застосування препарату «Дефенсаль» для профілактики утворення спайок в умовах експерименту.Матеріали в методи: досліджено 84 лабораторних статевозрілих білих щурів-самців масою 172-180 г, які були розділені на 8 груп. 1-а група нараховувала 6 дослідних тварин, які знаходилися у звичайних умовах віварію; 2 –га — 6 щурів, яким виконували лапаротомію; 3-я, 4-а та 5-та групи – це по 12 експериментальних тварин із змодельованою спайковою хворобою, яким здійснювали евтаназію на 4-ту, 10-ту та 30-ту добу захворювання відповідно; 6-та, 7-ма та 8-ма групи – це по 12 дослідницьких щурів із змодельованою спайковою хворобою, з застосуванням дефенсалю, яким здійснювали евтаназію на 4-ту, 10-ту та 30-ту добу від початку експерименту відповідно.Результати дослідження та їх обговорення: застосовано комплекс морфологічних методів (макроскопія, гістологія, морфометрія) в динаміці розвитку спайкового процесу. Проведені дослідження та отримані результати свідчать, що препарат «Дефенсаль» позитивно впливав на перебіг експериментальної спайкової хвороби. При корекції останньої вказаним медикаментозним середником у черевній порожнині дослідних тварин суттєво зменшувалася кількість спайок, як пристінково-нутрощевих так і нутрощево-нутрощевих, переважна більшість їх була ниткоподібної форми, рихла, мали тенденцію до зниження товщини в динаміці захворювання, легко роз'єднувалися та не деформували порожнисті органи травної системи і не впливали на їх функцію. В цих спайках рідко спостерігалися судини та нервові елементи. Отримані дані підтверджують ефективність застосування препарату «Дефенсаль», як бар’єрного методу профілактики спайкоутворення, що дає змогу з впевненістю використовувати запропонований засіб у клінічній практиці.