bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legal Perspectives on the Role of Culture In Sustainable Development
Authors: Du Plessis Anél , Rautenbach Christa 
Published: June 2017

This article introduces some legal perspectives on the role of culture in sustainable development. The authors agree that sustainable development has been designed as an environmental concept but that room exists for the more prominent inclusion of some form(s) of the notion "culture" in the sustainable development equation. It is shown that the fluid nature and meaning of "culture" may require a distinction between the role of "culture" per se and the role of "cultural governance" in the sustainable development context. It is suggested that "cultural governance" as a notion may be more distinct and exact than "culture" itself. The more functional notion of "good cultural governance" is preferred as a benchmark in the sustainable development equation, with the implication that cultural governance occurs in accordance with a certain standard. This standard is briefly considered by looking at the meaning of good cultural governance as a notion that encompasses both cultural governance and good governance generally. The article is set in the South African context but also invokes some law and policy developments internationally, regionally and sub-regionally to depict how issues of culture have been infiltrating the sustainable development discourse and to distil some of the substantive benchmarks for good cultural governance.
Rural Development within the Context of Development, Sustainability and Rural Issues – Some Constitutional, Policy and Implementation Perspectives
Authors: Olivier Nic , Van Zyl Carin 
Published: June 2017

This article provides an overview of some developments, internationally, regionally and in the SADC, in relation to development, that may be expected to influence the South African government’s response to the development needs of the people in the country. An overview is provided of the somewhat haphazard way in which the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996 refers to the need for and objective of development (including rural development) in the country. Through their explanatory outline of three distinct phases in South African rural development law and policy: 1994–2000 (the Reconstruction and Development Programme and related documents and their implementation); 2000–April 2009 (the Integrated Sustainable Rural Development Strategy and its implementation) and April 2009+ (the Comprehensive Rural Development Programme and related documents), the authors review some of the historical strengths and future prospects related to rural development in South Africa. Based on an assessment of historical trends, a number of recommendations are made for government’s way forward in the implementation of the constitutional objectives, law and policy relevant to rural development in the country.
El incierto crecimiento económico colombiano
Authors: Vallejo-Zamudio Luis Eudoro 
Published: June 2017

Uno de los objetivos de política económica más importante en cualquier país, es el crecimiento económico. Su importancia radica en que, si la producción aumenta, las rentas serán más altas mañana y las generaciones futuras alcanzarán mayores niveles de bienestar material. De igual manera, si crece la economía, -manteniendo constante la estructura tributaria-, el gobierno obtendrá mayores ingresos fiscales, y, por ende, dispondrá de más recursos para financiar un gasto social más elevado, y, de esta forma, combatir la pobreza y satisfacer una serie de necesidades básicas. Así mismo, si crece la economía, se aprovechan mejor los recursos productivos, y, por consiguiente, el nivel de empleo se incrementa.
TINGKAH LAKU MAKAN LUTUNG JAWA <em>Trachypithecus auratus</em> DI KAWASAN PANCURAN 7 BATURADEN GUNUNG SLAMET JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Eliana Dwi , Nasution Erie Kolya , Indarmawan Indarmawan 
Published: June 2017

Javan Langur (Trachypithecus auratus) has an important ecological role in conserving the forest as their habitat by spreading seeds of fruits of their food. They are also responsible for the pattern of the plant diversity and forest regeneration as their habitat. Unfortunately, Javan Langur has been listed on Appendix II of CITES and categorized as vulnerable by the IUCN. Pancuran 7 Baturaden on the Mount Slamet slope is one of the few Javan Langur habitats in Java. Information on the Javan Langur in this area was inadequate. Therefore this study was aimed to get information on the type of food and the feeding behavior of Javan Langur, particularly in Pancuran 7 Baturaden. This study used a survey method, and the Animal Scan sampling technique was applied. The variables observed were sex ratio, population size, eating position, eating process, feeding locations, feeding duration, including the food type of the Javan Langur. Observed data for each variable were analyzed descriptively as percentages, and the results showed the Javan Langur were eating by sitting and standing, were marking trees to feed, were using hands and mouth to eat, were eating leaves and fruit, were eating on the trees and bushes. There were nine plant species as their food variety, while Matoa fruit and leave (Pometia pinnata) were their preferred foods.
Message from Editors-in-Chief
Authors: Hirota Kaoru ,   *Professor Emeritus, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan1000 Talents Programme Professor, School of Automation,Beijing Institute of Technology, ChinaDirector, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Beijing Office, China**Nagoya University, Professor EmeritusMeijo University, ProfessorBeijing Institute of Technology, 1000 Talents Programme Professor, Fukuda Toshio 
Published: June 2017

It is our great pleasure to congratulate the Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics (JACIII) on its 20th anniversary. The concept of Computational Intelligence was originally authorized in the first IEEE World Congress on Computational Intelligence (WCCI) held in Orlando, Florida in 1994, where the key issues of CI were characterized by fuzzy, neuro, and EC (Evolutionary Computation). The JACI (Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence) Vol.1 No.1 was published from Fuji Technology Press in Oct 1997, and the name of the journal has been changed to JACIII since Vol.7 No.1 Feb 2003 to accept more widely developed issues related to intelligent informatics. The JACIII is currently published in bimonthly, six issues a year, in cooperation with International Fuzzy Systems Association (IFSA), Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent Informatics (SOFT), Brazilian Society of Automatics (SBA), The Society of Instrument and Control Engineers (SICE), John von Neumann Computer Society (NJSZT), Vietnamese Fuzzy Systems Society (VFSS), Fuzzy Systems and Intelligent Technologies Research Society of Thailand (FIRST), Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems (KIIS), and Taiwanese Association for Artificial Intelligence (TAAI), and is indexed in ESCI, SCOPUS, and COMPENDEX (Ei-Index). In the past 20 years personally, so many issues happened in the JACIII editing process. Some of them were very tough but all are very good memories to us. We occasionally organize the JACIII editorial meetings in Tokyo and remotely. As Editors-in-Chief, we are most grateful to all who have worked with the JACIII and helped reach its 20th anniversary. We thank the editorial board members for editing this journal with their high discernment and the guest editors for arranging special issues with their high profession. We would also like to thank the peer reviewers for their accurate evaluations in a short time, and finally our special thanks go to the editorial office of Fuji Technology Press Ltd., especially to its founder, Mr. K. Hayashi, and to the editors, Ms. Reiko Ohta and Mr. Kunihiko Uchida for their efforts in publishing this journal.
Functional and Radiographic Outcomes Following Growth-Sparing Management of Early-Onset Scoliosis
Authors: Johnston Charles E. , Tran Dong-Phuong , McClung Anna 
Published: June 2017

Background:
In this study, we sought to evaluate radiographic, functional, and quality-of-life outcomes of patients who have completed growth-sparing management of early-onset scoliosis.

Methods:
This prospective study involved patients with early-onset scoliosis who underwent growth-sparing treatment and either “final” fusion or observation for ≥2 years since the last lengthening procedure. Demographics, radiographic parameters, pulmonary function test (PFT) values, and scores of patient-reported assessments (Early-Onset Scoliosis Questionnaire [EOSQ] and Scoliosis Research Society [SRS]-30) were obtained. At the most recent follow-up, patients performed 2 additional functional outcome tests: step-activity monitoring and a treadmill exercise-tolerance test.

Results:
Twelve patients were evaluated as “graduates” of growth-sparing management of early-onset scoliosis (mean of 37 months since the most recent surgery). The major scoliosis curve measurement averaged 88° before treatment and 47° at the most recent follow-up. T1-S1 height increased from a mean of 22.3 cm to 34.7 cm and T1-T12 height, from 13.3 to 22.3 cm. At the most recent follow-up, the mean forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) as a percentage of the predicted volume were 52.1% and 55.3%, respectively, and were essentially unchanged from the earliest PFT that patients could perform (FEV1 = 53.8% of predicted and FVC = 53.5% of predicted). There was no difference between graduates and controls with respect to activity time or total steps in step-activity monitoring, and in the exercise-tolerance test, graduates walked at the same speed but at a higher heart rate and at a significantly higher (p <0.001) VO2 cost (rate of oxygen consumed per distance traveled). The EOSQ mean score was 102.2 of a possible 120 points, and the SRS mean score was 4.1 of a possible 5 points.

Conclusions:
A realistic long-term goal for the management of early-onset scoliosis appears to be spine elongation and maintenance of pulmonary function at a level that is no less than the percentage of normal at initial presentation. Functional testing and patient-reported outcomes at a mean of 3 years from the last surgery suggest that activity levels were generally equal to those of controls but required greater physiologic demand. General health and physical function outcomes revealed continued impairment in these domains.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Comparison of Anterior and Posterior Surgery for Degenerative Cervical Myelopathy
Authors: Kato So , Nouri Aria , Wu Dongjin , Nori Satoshi , Tetreault Lindsay , Fehlings Michael G. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Surgeons often choose between 2 different approaches (anterior and posterior) for surgical treatment of degenerative cervical myelopathy on the basis of imaging features of spinal cord compression, the number of levels affected, and the spinal alignment. However, there is a lack of consensus on which approach is preferable. The objective of the present study was to use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based propensity-score-matched analysis to compare postoperative outcomes between the anterior and posterior surgical approaches for degenerative cervical myelopathy.

Methods:
A total of 757 patients were enrolled in 2 prospective multicenter AOSpine studies, which involved 26 international sites. Preoperative MRIs were reviewed to characterize the causes of the cord compression, including single-level disc disease, multilevel disc disease, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament, enlargement of the ligamentum flavum, vertebral subluxation/spondylolisthesis, congenital fusion, number of compressed levels, or kyphosis. The propensity to choose anterior decompression was calculated using demographic data, preoperative MRI findings, and the modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores in a logistic regression model. We then performed 1-to-1 matching of patients who had received anterior decompression with those who had the same propensity score but had received posterior decompression to compare 2-year postoperative outcomes and 30-day perioperative complication rates between the 2 groups after adjustment for background characteristics.

Results:
A total of 435 cases were included in the propensity score calculation, and 1-to-1 matching resulted in 80 pairs of anterior and posterior surgical cases; 99% of these matched patients had multilevel compression. The anterior and posterior groups did not differ significantly in terms of the postoperative mJOA score (15.1 versus 15.3, p = 0.53), Neck Disability Index (20.5 versus 24.1, p = 0.44), or Short Form-36 (SF-36) Physical Component Summary (PCS) score (41.9 versus 40.9, p = 0.30). The overall rates of perioperative complications were similar between the 2 groups (16% versus 11%, p = 0.48); however, dysphagia/dysphonia was reported only in the anterior group whereas surgical site infection and C5 radiculopathy were reported only in the posterior group.

Conclusions:
Anterior and posterior decompression for degenerative cervical myelopathy resulted in similar postoperative outcomes and rates of complications.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Changes in Psychological Status and Health-Related Quality of Life Following Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Cho Chul-Hyun , Song Kwang-Soon , Hwang Ilseon , Coats-Thomas Margaret S. , Warner Jon J.P. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
There has been little documentation of the effects of total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) on psychological status and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). We investigated changes in psychological status (depression and anxiety) and HRQoL following TSA and assessed the effect of preoperative psychological status on postoperative clinical and functional outcome. We hypothesized that TSA would improve both psychological status and HRQoL.

Methods:
We prospectively enrolled 46 patients undergoing TSA for osteoarthritis. Preoperatively and at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, all of the subjects completed the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Scale (ASES), the Subjective Shoulder Value (SSV) measure, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Scale Abbreviated Version (WHOQOL-BREF).

Results:
From 3 months after surgery, significant improvement in HADS-depression, HADS-anxiety, and WHOQOL-BREF scores as well as in the other outcome measures of VAS pain score, ASES score, and SSV were observed. The prevalence of depression and anxiety decreased from a rate of 15.2% and 19.5%, respectively, preoperatively to a rate of 6.5% for each at 12 months postoperatively. Preoperative HADS-depression and HADS-anxiety scores did not correlate with any of the clinical and functional outcome measures at 12 months after surgery.

Conclusions:
This study showed significant improvement in psychological status and HRQoL as well as in pain and functional ability from 3 months after TSA in patients with osteoarthritis. Preoperative depression and anxiety did not predict poor postoperative outcome. Our findings suggest that TSA offers an excellent chance of improving psychological status and HRQoL.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Plate Fixation Versus Nonoperative Treatment for Displaced Midshaft Clavicular Fractures
Authors: Woltz Sarah , Krijnen Pieta , Schipper Inger B. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
The aim was to analyze whether patients with a displaced midshaft clavicular fracture are best managed with plate fixation or nonoperative treatment with respect to nonunion, secondary operations, and functional outcome, by evaluating all available randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on this subject.

Methods:
A systematic search of electronic databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science) was performed to identify RCTs comparing nonoperative treatment with plate fixation for displaced midshaft clavicular fractures. Risk of bias of the studies was assessed. Outcomes evaluated were nonunion, shoulder function (Constant score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand [DASH] score), and secondary operations.

Results:
Six RCTs (614 patients) were included. The risk of nonunion was lower in the operatively treated patients (relative risk [RR] = 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.06 to 0.32). One-third of the patients with a nonunion did not receive further treatment. Secondary operations for adverse events were performed less often in the operatively treated patients (RR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.25 to 0.71). When plate removal operations were also included, a secondary operation was performed in 17.6% in the operative group and 16.6% in the nonoperative group (RR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.64 to 1.59). Constant and DASH scores after 1 year were somewhat better after plate fixation, with mean differences of 4.4 points (95% CI, 0.9 to 7.9 points) and 5.1 points (95% CI, 0.1 to 10.1 points), respectively.

Conclusions:
Plate fixation significantly reduces the risk of nonunion, but does not have a clinically relevant advantage regarding final functional outcome. Secondary operations are common after both treatments. Overall, there is not enough evidence to support routine operative treatment for all patients with a displaced midshaft clavicular fracture.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of Arthroscopic Measurements of Articular Cartilage Defects in the Knee
Authors: Flanigan David C. , Carey James L. , Brophy Robert H. , Graham William C. , DiBartola Alex C. , Hamilton David , Nagaraja Haikady N. , Lattermann Christian 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Cartilage lesions of the knee are difficult to treat. Lesion size is a critical factor in treatment algorithms, and the accurate, reproducible sizing of lesions is important. In this study, we evaluated the interrater and intrarater reliability of, and correlations in relation to, various arthroscopic sizing techniques.

Methods:
Five lesions were created in each of 10 cadaveric knees (International Cartilage Repair Society grade 3C). Three orthopaedic surgeons used 4 techniques (visualization and use of a 3-mm probe, a simple metal ruler, and a sliding metallic ruler tool) to estimate lesion size. Repeated-measures data were analyzed using a mixed-effect linear model. The differences between observed and gold-standard (plastic mold) values were used as the response. Intraclass and interclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values for intrarater and interrater reliability were computed, as were overall correlation coefficients between measurements and gold standards.

Results:
The mean lesion size was 2.37 cm2 (range, 0.36 to 6.02 cm2). Rater, lesion location and size, and measurement method all affected the cartilage defect measurements. Surgeons underestimated lesion size, and measurements of larger lesions had a higher percentage of error compared with those of smaller lesions. When compared with plastic molds of lesions, 60.5% of surgeon measurements underestimated lesion size. Overall, the correlation between measurements and gold standards was strongest for the simple metal ruler method and weakest for the visualization method.

Conclusions:
Several factors may influence arthroscopic estimation of cartilage lesion size: the lesion location, measurement tool, surgeon, and defect size itself. The intrarater and interrater reliability was moderate to good using a 3-mm probe, sliding metallic ruler tool, or simple metal ruler and was fair to moderate using visualization only.

Clinical Relevance:
There is a need for more accurate methods of determining the size of articular cartilage lesions.
Preparation and Testing of PAN Carbon/Epoxy Resin Composites
Authors: Patro Brundaban , Shashidhar D. , Rajeshwer B. , Padhi Saroj Kumar 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Due to light weight, high performance and excellent mechanical properties, carbon fibers are considered a key material in the 21st century. These are extensively used in many industries for structural usages, such as aerospace, aeronautical, sporting goods applications, and automotive and medical devices, due to their desirable strength to weight properties. Now, these are globally accepted as a high performance and high-strength material. Most of the carbon fibers are derived from polyacrylonitrile fiber precursor. These materials have the potential for fire hazards caused due to heat, smoke, and electric short circuit.

Objective:
To prepare polyacrylonitrile carbon and epoxy resin laminates in multilayers by hand-lay-up method and testing by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards.

Method:
Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites are prepared using the hand-lay-up method. For the non-destructive testing, the ultrasonic type is used. For the destructive testing, a universal testing machine is used to test the tensile test, the flexural test and the inter-laminar shear stress test, as per the ASTM standard. Subsequently, the physical properties, such as the density test and the fiber content, the resin content and the void content tests of the laminate are carried out.

Results:
The experimental results show that the matrix laminates have good mechanical and physical properties.

Conclusion:
Preparation and testing of polyacrylonitrile carbon/epoxy resin composites are carried out and the prepared laminates exhibit good mechanical and physical properties. Hence, the laminates can be used in many industrial and commercial applications, as a composite material.
Cognitive Loads and Training Success in a Video-Based Online Training Course
Authors: Stiller Klaus D. , Köster Annamaria 
Published: June 2017

Background:According to research based on cognitive load theory, the way of presenting information in an instructional environment is essential to the learning outcome. By avoiding unnecessary extraneous load caused by badly designed instructions and other sources, learners are more likely to successfully construct knowledge. In addition, learner characteristics are known to affect learning.Objective:This study explores the effects of learners’ online learning experience, domain-specific prior knowledge, computer attitude and computer anxiety on their perceived intrinsic, extraneous and germane load and on their learning outcome in a video-based training course about media design for employees.Method and Results:Learning outcome was assessed by ratings of subjective learning success, ratings of professional competence, the number of completed modules and performance. None of the learning outcome variables could be modelled when entering learner characteristics in a regression analysis, but all could be modelled using the cognitive load ratings.Conclusion:Thus, extraneous, intrinsic and germane load were the most important factors for explaining the learning outcome. This result points to the importance of instructional design and particularly to managing cognitive load in online training scenarios.