bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Diet Composition and Insulin Resistance Status on Plasma Lipid Levels in a Weight Loss Intervention in Women
Authors: Le Tran , Flatt Shirley W. , Natarajan Loki , Pakiz Bilge , Quintana Elizabeth L. , Heath Dennis D. , Rana Brinda K. , Rock Cheryl L. 
Published: January 2016

Background
Optimal macronutrient distribution of weight loss diets has not been established. The distribution of energy from carbohydrate and fat has been observed to promote differential plasma lipid responses in previous weight loss studies, and insulin resistance status may interact with diet composition and affect weight loss and lipid responses.

Methods and Results

Overweight and obese women (n=245) were enrolled in a 1‐year behavioral weight loss intervention and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 study groups: a lower fat (20% energy), higher carbohydrate (65% energy) diet; a lower carbohydrate (45% energy), higher fat (35% energy) diet; or a walnut‐rich, higher fat (35% energy), lower carbohydrate (45% energy) diet. Blood samples and data available from 213 women at baseline and at 6 months were the focus of this analysis. Triglycerides, total cholesterol, and high‐ and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol were quantified and compared between and within groups. Triglycerides decreased in all study arms at 6 months (
P
<0.05). The walnut‐rich diet increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol more than either the lower fat or lower carbohydrate diet (
P
<0.05). The walnut‐rich diet also reduced low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in insulin‐sensitive women, whereas the lower fat diet reduced both total cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol in insulin‐sensitive women (
P<
0.05). Insulin sensitivity and C‐reactive protein levels also improved.

Conclusions
Weight loss was similar across the diet groups, although insulin‐sensitive women lost more weight with a lower fat, higher carbohydrate diet versus a higher fat, lower carbohydrate diet. The walnut‐rich, higher fat diet resulted in the most favorable changes in lipid levels.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01424007.
Ocean Convective Available Potential Energy. Part I: Concept and Calculation
Authors: Su Zhan , Ingersoll Andrew P. , Stewart Andrew L. , Thompson Andrew F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThermobaric convection (type II convection) and thermobaric cabbeling (type III convection) might substantially contribute to vertical mixing, vertical heat transport, and deep-water formation in the World Ocean. However, the extent of this contribution remains poorly constrained. The concept of ocean convective available potential energy (OCAPE), the thermobaric energy source for type II and type III convection, is introduced to improve the diagnosis and prediction of these convection events. OCAPE is analogous to atmospheric CAPE, which is a key energy source for atmospheric moist convection and has long been used to forecast moist convection. OCAPE is the potential energy (PE) stored in an ocean column arising from thermobaricity, defined as the difference between the PE of the ocean column and its minimum possible PE under adiabatic vertical parcel rearrangements. An ocean column may be stably stratified and still have nonzero OCAPE. The authors present an efficient strategy for computing OCAPE accurately for any given column of seawater. They further derive analytical expressions for OCAPE for approximately two-layer ocean columns that are widely observed in polar oceans. This elucidates the dependence of OCAPE on key physical parameters. Hydrographic profiles from the winter Weddell Sea are shown to contain OCAPE (0.001–0.01 J kg−1), and scaling analysis suggests that OCAPE may be substantially enhanced by wintertime surface buoyancy loss. The release of this OCAPE may substantially contribute to the kinetic energy of deep convection in polar oceans.
A Simultaneous Genetic Screen for Zygotic and Sterile Mutants in a Hermaphroditic Vertebrate (Kryptolebias marmoratus)
Authors: Sucar Sofia , Moore Ginger L , Ard Melissa E , Ring Brian C 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe mangrove killifish, Kryptolebias marmoratus, is unique among vertebrates due to its self-fertilizing mode of reproduction involving an ovotestis. As a result, it constitutes a simplistic and desirable vertebrate model for developmental genetics as it is easily maintained, reaches sexual maturity in about 100 days, and provides a manageable number of relatively clear embryos. After the establishment and characterization of an initial mutagenesis pilot screen using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, a three-generation genetic screen was performed to confirm zygotic mutant allele heritability and simultaneously score for homozygous recessive mutant sterile F2 fish. From a total of 307 F2 fish screened, 10 were found to be 1° males, 16 were sterile, 92 wild-type, and the remaining 189, carriers of zygotic recessive alleles. These carriers produced 25% progeny exhibiting several zygotic phenotypes similar to those previously described in zebrafish and in the aforementioned pilot screen, as expected. Interestingly, new phenotypes such as golden yolk, no trunk, and short tail were observed. The siblings of sterile F2 mutants were used to produce an F3 generation in order to confirm familial sterility. Out of the 284 F3 fish belonging to 10 previously identified sterile families, 12 were found to be 1° males, 69 were wild-type, 83 sterile, and 120 were classified as */+ (either wild-type or carriers) with undefined genotypes. This screen provides proof of principle that K. marmoratus is a powerful vertebrate model for developmental genetics and can be used to identify mutations affecting fertility.
Identification and Characterization of Wor4, a New Transcriptional Regulator of White-Opaque Switching
Authors: Lohse Matthew B , Johnson Alexander D 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The human fungal pathogen Candida albicans can switch between two cell types, “white” and “opaque,” each of which is heritable through many cell divisions. Switching between these two cell types is regulated by six transcriptional regulators that form a highly interconnected circuit with multiple feedback loops. Here, we identify a seventh regulator of white-opaque switching, which we have named Wor4. We show that ectopic expression of Wor4 is sufficient to drive switching from the white to the opaque cell type, and that deletion of Wor4 blocks switching from the white to the opaque cell type. A combination of ectopic expression and deletion experiments indicates that Wor4 is positioned upstream of Wor1, and that it is formally an activator of the opaque cell type. The combination of ectopic expression and deletion phenotypes for Wor4 is unique; none of the other six white-opaque regulators show this pattern. We determined the pattern of Wor4 binding across the genome by ChIP-seq and found it is highly correlated with that of Wor1 and Wor2, indicating that Wor4 is tightly integrated into the existing white-opaque regulatory circuit. We previously proposed that white-to-opaque switching relies on the activation of a complex circuit of feedback loops that remains excited through many cell divisions. The identification of a new, central regulator of white-opaque switching supports this idea by indicating that the white-opaque switching mechanism is considerably more complex than those controlling conventional, nonheritable patterns of gene expression.
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome at Age 16 Years
Authors: Collin Simon M. , Norris Tom , Nuevo Roberto , Tilling Kate , Joinson Carol , Sterne Jonathan A.C. , Crawley Esther 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND:In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) birth cohort, chronic disabling fatigue lasting ≥6 months affected 1.3% of 13-year-olds, was equally common in boys and girls, and became more prevalent with increasing family adversity.METHODS:ALSPAC data were used to estimate the prevalence of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) at age 16 years, defined by parental report of unexplained disabling fatigue lasting ≥6 months. We investigated gender and a composite 14-item family adversity index as risk factors. School absence data were obtained from the National Pupil Database. Multiple imputation was used to address bias caused by missing data.RESULTS:The prevalence of CFS was 1.86% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.47 to 2.24). After excluding children with high levels of depressive symptoms, the prevalence was 0.60% (95% CI: 0.37 to 0.84). Authorized school absences were much higher (mean difference: 35.6 [95% CI: 26.4 to 44.9] half-day sessions per academic year) and reported depressive symptoms were much more likely (odds ratio [OR]: 11.0 [95% CI: 5.92 to 20.4]) in children with CFS than in those without CFS. Female gender (OR: 1.95 [95% CI: 1.33 to 2.86]) and family adversity (OR: 1.20 [95% CI: 1.01 to 1.42] per unit family adversity index) were also associated with CFS.CONCLUSIONS:CFS affected 1.9% of 16-year-olds in a UK birth cohort and was positively associated with higher family adversity. Gender was a risk factor at age 16 years but not at age 13 years or in 16-year-olds without high levels of depressive symptoms.
La emancipación de América
Authors: Rodríguez O. Jaime E. 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este ensayo compara y contrasta los proce­sos de independencia de Estados Unidos, Haití y la América española. La America británica , ayudada por España y Francia, lo­gró su independencia como consecuencia de una guerra internacional y por medio de un acuerdo internacional , el Tratado de París de 1783 . En Haití, la reacción de los residentes blancos a la revolución francesa provocó una rebelión y una revolución en­cabezadas por los esclavos, ambas culmi­naron con éxito y transformaron totalmen­te a la colonia. La invasión napoleónica de España en 1808 puso en marcha una revo­lución política que estableció un gobierno representativo liberal en el mundo hispánico, destruido por las luchas de indepen­dencia. Ni España ni los países de la América española pudieron recuperarse lo sufi­ciente para desarrollarse como naciones fuenes duranre el siglo XIX.</p>
Mujeres sin historia : del Hospital de La Canoa al Manicomio de la Castañeda
Authors: Carvajal Alberto 
Published: January 2016

<p>La construcción colosal de la época del porfi­riato dio lugar a varias obras importantes: una extensa red ferroviaria y telegráfica, avan­ces científicos, desarrollo de las artes, la jus­ticia y la estadística. En el apogeo de esta<br />avasallante construcción se inauguró tam­bién un manicomio. El presence trabajo es el producto de la lectura minuciosa de 409 ex­pedientes clínicos que correspondieron a las mujeres trasladadas del Hospital del Divino Salvador ­La Canoa­, al Manicomio General La Castaneda. En ellos es posible advertir el lugar que se le otorga a la historia, a la histo­ria de cada loca, y, como esta, o bien su au­sencia, producía consecuencias: en la orien­tación posible de las tratamientos y en el tiempo de internamiento en el manicomio.</p>
La labor consular mexicana en Estados Unidos : el caso de Eduardo Ruiz (1921)
Authors: Alanis Enciso Fernando Saúl 
Published: January 2016

<p>Se analiza la labor diplomática y política que un cónsul mexicano llevó a cabo en Estados Unidos durante la posguerra a favor de la repatriación de sus nacionales y del reconocimiento del gobierno encabezado par el general Álvaro Obregón</p>
El comercio intercolonial de Yucatán (1609-1675)
Authors: Fushimi Takeshi 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artículo trata de reconstruir estadísticamente el comercio intercolonial de Yucatán entre 1609 y 1675, a partir de los datos de almojarifazgo. En la primera parte se analiza la problemática metodológica de esta fuente y se construyen las series estadísticas del comercio colonial. En la segunda parte se ofrecen algunas interpretaciones de estas series para entender la evolución del comercio intercolonial.</p><p> </p>
Nuevos nombres viejos lugares: España y México reproducidos como topónimos en el nuevo mundo
Authors: Levin Rojo Danna Alexandra 
Published: January 2016

<p>Se exploran en paralelo las implicaciones de dos topónimos coloniales: Nueva España y Nuevo México. Ambos son excepciones en la historia de la nominación del nuevo mundo , en tanto que el primero replica por primera vez el nombre del país colonizador y el segundo una designación indígena. Trataré de demostrar, en el contexto de las relaciones interculturales del siglo XVI, el vínculo histórico que guardan ambas denominaciones con la forma en que los españoles percibieron las realidades sociales y políticas de las pueblos indígenas del Caribe y Mesoamérica</p>
La guerra con México y los disidentes estadunidenses, 1846-1848
Authors: Mayers David 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artículo examina las ideas y la influencia de ciudadanos prominentes de Estados Unidos que objetaron la guerra de del presidente James Polk en contra de México, 1846-1848. Las razones para la objeción variaban. Algunos de los disidentes creían que la guerra constituía una agresión injusta. A otros preocupaba sobre todo la adquisición de tierras nuevas que agravaría la lid en curso entre el sur plantacionista y el norte antiesclavista. Todavía otros no querían la guerra porque transformaba a Estados Unidos de una república a un rapaz imperio militarista. Los disidentes no se impusieron. Pero se expresaron en un tono exaltado y constituyeron un precedente importante para los movimientos antibélicos en la historia de Estados Unidos.</p><p> </p>
‘Ayúdame que yo te ayudaré’. La política laboral en el Banco Oriental de México (1900-1915)
Authors: Lorenzo María Dolores 
Published: January 2016

<p>El artículo analiza el desarrollo del Banco Oriental de México desde la perspectiva de la política laboral. En un enfoque “desde abajo”, el trabajo destaca cómo los mecanismos sociales de la comunidad hispánica en el sur oriente de México contribuyeron para que la institución mercantil se convirtiera en uno de los principales bancos de emisión del país. Los aspectos relevantes del artículo se refieren, en cuanto al tema, al estudio de los empleados bancarios y, respecto de las fuentes, a la revisión sistemática de los libros de actas del Consejo de Administración del Oriental.</p><p> </p><p> </p>
Territorio e identidad: Zacatecas 1786-1835
Authors: Rojas Beatriz 
Published: January 2016

<p>En este trabajo se estudia el proceso por medio del cual a partir de 1786 las provincias novohispanas se dotaron de una personalidad, sustentada en diferentes elementos. Lo que permitió que en el proceso constituyente de la nación mexicana, el reclamo federalista se presentara como algo natural. Cabe destacar el lugar que tuvieron en esta definición el predominio de las ciudades más importantes del virreinato. Para respaldar esta propuesta se toma el caso particular de la provincia de Zacatecas, caso ejemplar, pues como se sabe durante la primera mitad del siglo XIX fue el valuarte del federalismo mexicano.</p>
Los límites del Estado en la colonización de un espacio territorial argentino. El caso del Chaco durante la reconversión de los años veinte y treinta
Authors: Mari Oscar Ernesto 
Published: January 2016

<p>En 1884, las regiones periféricas de Argentina que no integraban la jurisdicción de las antiguas provincias, fueron organizadas institucionalmente bajo la denominación de Territorios Nacionales. Estos inmensos espacios que ocupaban casi las 2/3 partes del país quedaron bajo la tutela del Estado, con una estructura política y administrativa casi enteramente dependiente de las autoridades centrales. La idea era incorporar efectivamente a estas regiones a la vida nacional mediante el fomento de la colonización y al mismo tiempo, consolidar las fronteras. En el caso específico de Chaco, ubicado en el norte del país, el proceso atravesó instancias particulares con motivo del cambio en los ciclos económicos. Parte de la problemática resultante, como por ejemplo la conflictividad social en los ámbitos de producción y las limitaciones del Estado para ejercer un adecuado control, pretenden ser puntos de análisis en el presente artículo.</p>
Epidemias, obras de saneamiento y precursores del urbanismo. La ciudad de México rumbo al primer centenario
Authors: Sánchez Ruiz Gerardo G. 
Published: January 2016

<p><em> </em>En el trabajo se hace una revisión de la ciudad de México en su camino hacia el primer Centenario, destacándose los esfuerzos de un grupo de profesionales en especial médicos e ingenieros, quienes en un contexto exterior de construcción del urbanismo, desde finales del siglo XIX y en una dinámica de reflexionar y proponer, impulsaron una serie de proyectos para la ciudad como drenaje, agua potable, arborización, ensanchamiento de calles, embellecimiento, etcétera, con los que pretendieron, disminuir la serie de enfermedades y epidemias que azotaban a este espacio. Si bien con sus límites, por los disfrutes desiguales en el conjunto de habitantes, esos proyectos fueron la base de una modernidad con la que la capital inició el siglo XX, colocándose esos profesionales como precursores del urbanismo en México.</p>
José Vasconcelos y su paso por el Uruguay de los años 20
Authors: Caetano Hargain Gerardo 
Published: January 2016

<p>El texto trata de la visita de José Vasconcelos al Uruguay en una escala del viaje a cuatro países del Cono Sur sudamericano (Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Uruguay), que daría origen a su célebre libro “La Raza Cósmica. Misión de la Raza Iberoamericana. Notas de viajes a la América del Sur.” Por diversas razones, Vasconcelos reservaba expectativas particulares en torno a su breve pasaje por el Uruguay. Sin embargo, dadas sus ideas y proyectos, no resultaba aventurado sospechar que su encuentro directo con el Uruguay real sería más conflictivo de lo que él esperaba. El texto aborda este periplo poco conocido del famoso viaje de Vasconcelos e indaga sobre las razones de algunos debates e incompatibilidades notorias que desató la experiencia concreta de la visita.</p>
Kantrovich Type Generalization of Meyer-Konig and Zeller Operators via Generating Functions
Authors: Olgun Ali , İnce H. Gül , Tasdelen Fatma 
Published: January 2016

Abstract In the present paper, we study a Kantorovich type generalization of Meyer-König and Zeller type operators via generating functions. Using Korovkin type theorem we first give approximation properties of these operators defined on the space C [0;A] ; 0 < A < 1. Secondly, we compute the rate of convergence of these operators by means of the modulus of continuity and the elements of the modified Lipschitz class. Finally, we give an r-th order generalization of these operators in the sense of Kirov and Popova and we obtain approximation properties of them.
Rational Surfaces with Anticanonical Divisor not Reduced
Authors: Rodriguez Jesús Adrian Cerda , Lahyane Mustapha , Osuna-Castro Osvaldo , Failla Gioia , Moreno-Mejia Israel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe prove the finite generation of the monoid of effective divisor classes on a smooth projective rational surface X endowed with an anticanonical divisor such that all its irreducible components are of multiplicity one except one which has multiplicity two. In almost all cases, the self-intersection of a canonical divisor KX on X is strictly negative, hence - KX is neither ample nor numerically effective. In particular, X is not a Del Pezzo surface. Furthermore, it is shown that the first cohomology group of a numerically effective divisor vanishes; as a consequence, we determine the dimension of the complete linear system associated to any given divisor on X
Effects of Service-Learning on Graduate Nursing Students: Care and Advocacy for the Impoverished
Authors: DeBonis Ruselle 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Service-learning is a widely used teaching method that appears to be a good fit for graduate nurses, with essential outcomes of advocacy and culturally responsive health care in special populations. However, quantitative evidence to support its effectiveness is minimal. This study evaluated the impact of service-learning on graduate nursing students' cultural competence, civic engagement, and knowledge and understanding of the effects of poverty on health care. Students are required to serve 16 to 20 hours in a nurse-run free clinic as part of their clinical experience.

Method:

Students (
N
= 152) completed pre- and postservice surveys.

Results:

Statistically significant increases were noted in graduate students' civic engagement (
p
= .0001 to .0495), knowledge and understanding of health care issues (
p
< .0001), and in three of six statements related to cultural competence (
p
= .0001 to 9.662). Patient-reported outcomes and community impact is also positive.

Conclusion:

Service-learning appears to be an effective tool with graduate nurses. [
J Nurs Educ
. 2016;55(1):36–40.]
Optical Profile Following High Hyperopia Correction With a 500-Hz Excimer Laser System
Authors: Plaza-Puche Ana B. , Aswad Amr El , Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Wróbel-Dudzinska Dominika , Abdou Ahmed A. , Alió Jorge L. 
Published: January 2016

PURPOSE:
To evaluate corneal higher order aberrations after LASIK for the correction of high hyperopia using a 500-Hz excimer laser and optimized ablation profile.

METHODS:
Retrospective consecutive study including 51 eyes of 28 patients (age range: 21 to 54 years) with high hyperopia or hyperopic astigmatism (sphere ≥ 5.00 diopters). All cases underwent LASIK using the sixth generation Amaris excimer laser (SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions, Kleinostheim, Germany) and a femtosecond laser platform for flap creation. Postoperative changes in corneal higher order aberrations for the 4-, 5-, and 6-mm pupil diameters and corneal asphericity for 4.5 and 8 mm were represented at the end of the 6-month follow-up.

RESULTS:

A significant increase in corneal root mean square higher order, spherical, and coma aberrations was observed 6 months after surgery (
P
< .01). Corneal asphericity for the 4.5-mm (Q45) and 8-mm (Q8) corneal diameter also changed significantly during the postoperative period (
P
< .01). Strehl ratio change was not statistically significant (
P
= .77).

CONCLUSIONS:
Correction of high hyperopia with LASIK significantly induces corneal higher order aberrations regardless of the physiologic level of photopic and mesopic pupil conditions.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016(1);6–13.]
Modelización matemática y álgebra: un tándem perfecto en la formación de ingenieros
Authors: Montero Morales José Antonio , Badía Folguera David 
Published: January 2016

<p>Este artículo se enmarca en el ámbito de la modelización matemática utilizada como herramienta docente, fundamental en la enseñanza del álgebra lineal a futuros ingenieros de telecomunicaciones. Se presentan varios ejemplos técnicos en los que el álgebra lineal juega un papel relevante, y se expone como pueden ser utilizados dichos ejemplos para conseguir que los alumnos de primer curso comprendan mejor los conceptos algebraicos tratados. En la parte final del artículo se comentan algunos de los resultados obtenidos en la experiencia realizada en la ETSEEI La Salle (Universidad Ramón Llull), de la que pueden extraerse conclusiones significativas en relación a la influencia que ejerce, en el rendimiento final de los estudiantes, el uso de estos ejemplos contextualizados.</p>