bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nexus of multiple integrations and business performance through supply chain agility and supply flexibility: a dynamic capability view
Authors: Rashid Aamir , Rasheed Rizwana , Ngah Abdul Hafaz , Marjerison Rob Kim 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
Manufacturing capability is a crucial component of every nation’s economy and pharmaceuticals are frequently a significant part of the manufacturing sector. Pharmaceutical supply chains are essential to health-care systems, contributing to living quality and shorter hospital stays. This study aims to examine the role of multiple integrations on business performance (BP) through supply chain flexibility (SCF) and supply chain agility (SCA).

Design/methodology/approach
Data was collected from 198 supply chain professionals in the pharmaceutical sector of the developing economy of Pakistan. The sample was collected based on a nonprobability purposive sampling approach. A five-point Likert-scale survey was used and analyzed with the PLS-SEM technique using SmartPLS 4.

Findings
This study found that process integration (PI) does not affect SCA, whereas relationship integration and measurement integration positively affect SCA. SCA positively impacts BP. In contrast, all integrations significantly influenced supply flexibility and BP except for PI. Finally, SCF significantly mediates the relationship between all integrations and BP.

Originality/value
This study examined the relationships of multiple integrations on BP, directly and indirectly, through SCF and agility. The theory of dynamic capabilities has been applied and extended to increase the comprehensiveness of the findings. A developing economy’s pharmaceutical industry supply chain was examined, producing empirical evidence of the results.
Generalized pustular psoriasis patient with a heterozygous hypomorphic MPO variant refractory to intravenous spesolimab
Authors: Ogawa Youichi , Maejima Eri , Takeichi Takuya , Okamoto Takashi , Mitsui Hiroshi , Shimada Shinji , Akiyama Masashi , Kawamura Tatsuyoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGeneralized pustular psoriasis (GPP) is a recurrent and sometimes life‐threatening sterile pustular disease. Because interleukin (IL)‐36 is the central cytokine in disease formation, spesolimab, which interferes with IL‐36 receptor signaling, is highly effective. Here, we report a patient with GPP with a heterozygous hypomorphic MPO variant refractory to intravenous spesolimab. Although spesolimab showed excellent clinical efficacy in resolving pre‐existing pustules and erythema, it did not suppress the emergence of new pustules and erythema, which did not decrease the peripheral blood neutrophil count, therefore bimekizumab, an anti‐IL‐17A/IL‐17F antibody, was administered after the second spesolimab infusion, which resolved the pustules and erythema. We discuss the possible reasons for the resistance mechanism to spesolimab.
Microplastic additions modulate intraspecific variability in root traits and mycorrhizal responses across root‐life history strategies
Authors: Kanold E. , Buchanan S. W. , Dunfield K. , Antunes P. M. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Microplastics (MP) are recognized as a major pollutant in terrestrial environments, prompting concerns about their effects on plant–soil dynamics. Despite evidence of MP altering soil physicochemical properties, impacts on belowground root traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi remain poorly explored. Existing research has mainly centred on a few model plant species, emphasizing root biomass, and often employs single polymer types and addition rates that surpass realistic scenarios.

To investigate how environmentally relevant mixtures and concentrations of MPs impact plant growth, root trait expression and AM fungal colonization, we conducted a greenhouse experiment using six plant species chosen for their contrasting root life strategies; three species in the Amaryllidaceae family represented resource conservation root traits (Allium fistulosum (onion), Allium tuberosum (chive), Allium porrum (leek)), and three from the Solanaceae family, represented plants with resource acquisitive root traits (Solanum lycopersicum (tomato), Solanum melongena (eggplant), Capsicum annuum (pepper)). MP treatments consisted of control (0% MP), low (0.1% w/w) and high (1% w/w) MP additions, using an environmentally relevant MP mixture of weathered polymer types and shapes. We measured above and belowground biomass, average root trait expression (specific root length (SRL), average root diameter (D) and root tissue density (RTD)), AM fungal colonization, as well as intraspecific variability across MP addition treatments.

We found that responses to environmentally relevant additions of MPs were species specific and not determined by root life‐strategy. MPs increased biomass in leek, eggplant and tomato, while decreasing AM fungal colonization in tomato. MP additions had no discernible impact on average root functional trait expression across species. However, the addition of MPs resulted in altered intraspecific variability in root traits and AM fungal colonization, indicating a mechanism for plant tolerance to MPs.

To address the impacts of MPs on plant functioning, research needs to focus on environmentally relevant mixtures of MPs, considering various plant species' capacities to tolerate soil contamination and the potential for tipping points under real‐world conditions.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Designing cropping systems for nickel agromining on ultramafic land in Albania
Authors: Bani Aida , Álvarez‐López Vanessa , Prieto‐Fernández Angeles , Miho Liri , Shahu Edmira , Echevarria Guillaume , Kidd Petra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAgromining describes the technique of growing plants to “mine” metals present in naturally enriched or contaminated soils. This technique comprises a series of processes including improvement of soil quality and production of biomass in order to obtain metals from the ash of harvested hyperaccumulators, which can be considered bio‐ore. The aim of this study was to evaluate different agronomic practices for Ni agromining of the hyperaccumulator species Odontarrhena chalcidica by analyzing (i) Ni yields and (ii) parameters related to soil fertility, biodiversity, and Ni availability. We tested various types of fertilizers including farmyard manure and assessed cultivation of the hyperaccumulator in either continuous monoculture or cropping in rotation with the legume Vicia ervilia. A 2‐year field experiment was established on typical ultramafic Vertisols in eastern Albania. The current study presents the results obtained in the second year of cultivation. After 2 years of agromining, fertilization with animal manure or rotation with the legume improved several soil properties and increased the yield of phytoextracted Ni by four and five times, respectively, relative to non‐fertilized plots. The fertilization treatments did not affect the bacterial diversity indexes but significantly impacted the bacterial community structure. We suggest a fertilization regime including the application of pig or chicken manure (at doses equivalent to NPK 260:105:260; 260:390:260, respectively) every 2 years or the implementation of crop rotation with legumes as effective strategies for developing Ni agromining on Vertisols.
Help‐seeking and access to care for stroke and heart attack during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A qualitative study
Authors: Weis Christina , Spiliopoulos Georgia , Ignatowicz Agnieszka , Conroy Simon , Mannion Russell , Lasserson Daniel , Tarrant Carolyn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this article we explore how people who experienced a stroke, transient ischaemic attack, or heart attack sought health care during the COVID‐19 lockdown periods. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 27 patients admitted to hospital between March 2020 and May 2021, and one carer who was recruited from cardiac and stroke rehabilitation services in two large acute NHS trusts in England. Drawing on concepts of candidacy, illness and moral work, we discuss how people’s sense‐making about their symptoms fundamentally shaped both their decisions about seeking help and the impact of COVID‐19 on help seeking. Risk perception and interactional ritual chain theory allow further exploration of constructing symbols of national identity in times of crises, managing risk and levels of acceptable risk and critique of ambiguous national messaging over accessing health‐care services for people with emergency health‐care needs. Our findings have wider implications for supporting access into health care for those with life‐threatening conditions under highly publicised strain on the health system, including winter pressure and staff strikes, as well as policymaking and public messaging.
Assessment of Structural and Process Readiness for Postpartum Haemorrhage Care in Uganda and Ghana: A Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tancred Tara , Weeks Andrew D. , Mubangizi Vincent , Nene Dei Emmanuel , Natukunda Sylvia , Cobb Chloe , Bates Imelda , Asamoah‐Akuoko Lucy , Natukunda Bernard 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine structural and process readiness for postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) care at referral‐level facilities in Ghana and Uganda to identify opportunities for strengthening.DesignMixed‐methods cross‐sectional study.SettingThree districts in Ghana and two in Uganda.Population or SampleNine hospitals in Ghana and seven in Uganda; all hospitals had theoretical capacity for caesarean section and blood transfusion.MethodsWe deployed a modular quantitative health facility assessment to explore structural readiness (drugs, equipment, staff) complemented by in‐depth interviews with maternity health service providers to understand process readiness (knowledge, attitudes, and practices as related to World Health Organization [WHO] guidance on PPH care).Main Outcome MeasuresAvailability of essential structural components needed to support key PPH processes of care.ResultsIn both countries, there was generally good structural readiness for PPH care. However, key common gaps included inadequate staffing (especially specialist physicians), and unavailability of blood for transfusion. Interviews highlighted particularly good process readiness in the provision of uterotonics, recognising and responding to retained placenta, and repairing tears. However, there were clear gaps in the utilisation of tranexamic acid and uterine balloon tamponade.ConclusionsWe have identified good structural and process readiness across both Ghanaian and Ugandan health facilities to support PPH responses. However, some key missed opportunities—to align with current WHO guidance on providing bundles of interventions for PPH care—could be strengthened with minimal investment but promising impact.
Incidental findings in research brain MRI: Definition, prevalence and ethical implications
Authors: de Jong Kenneth J , Poon Emma , Foo Michelle , Maingard Julian , Kok Hong Kuan , Barras Christen , Yazdabadi Anousha , Shaygi Benham , Fitt Gregory J , Egan Gary , Brooks Mark , Asadi Hamed 
Published: September 2024

SummaryRadiological incidental findings (IFs) are previously undetected abnormalities which are unrelated to the original indication for imaging and are unexpectedly discovered. In brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the prevalence of IFs is increasing. By reviewing the literature on IFs in brain MRI performed for research purposes and discussing ethical considerations of IFs, this paper provides an overview of brain IF research results and factors contributing to inconsistencies and considers how the consent process can be improved from an ethical perspective. We found that despite extensive literature regarding IFs in research MRI of the brain, there are major inconsistencies in the reported prevalence, ranging from 1.3% to 99%. Many factors appear to contribute to this broad range: lack of standardised definition, participant demographics variance, heterogenous MRI scanner strength and sequences, reporter variation and results classification. We also found significant discrepancies in the review, consent and clinical communication processes pertaining to the ethical nature of these studies. These findings have implications for future studies, particularly those involving artificial intelligence. Further research, particularly in relation to MRI brain IFs would be useful to explore the generalisability of study results.
Temporary trade regulations amidst the COVID‐19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine
Authors: Ngavozafy Mampiandra Antonia , Latorre Maria C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article consists of a detailed survey of the trade regulations adopted during the COVID‐19 pandemic and the conflict in Ukraine. It analyses how trade policymakers have responded to unforeseen geopolitical events and how their responses and the scope of these measures have differed depending on the nature of the event. Based on the International Trade Centre's databases of temporary trade measures, we found that 407 COVID‐19‐related and 189 Ukraine conflict‐related regulations have been issued since 2020. During the pandemic, temporary trade measures were global and comprehensive. They have mostly aimed to liberalise the imports and restrict the exports of essential commodities. In contrast, temporary measures were enacted mainly on specific sectors by the belligerents and their allies during the war in Ukraine. They consisted mainly of prohibitions and restrictions of the exports and imports of strategic commodities. Some third countries, considered as neutral in this war, have also adopted temporary measures with global scope to mitigate the sanctions' disruptive effects on their own domestic markets.
Adapting genetic algorithms for multifunctional landscape decisions: A theoretical case study on wild bees and farmers in the UK
Authors: Knight Ellen , Balzter Heiko , Breeze Tom D. , Brettschneider Julia , Girling Robbie D. , Hagen‐Zanker Alex , Image Mike , Johnson Colin G. , Lee Christopher , Lovett Andrew , Petrovskii Sergei , Varah Alexa , Whelan Mick , Yang Shengxiang , Gardner Emma 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Spatial modelling approaches to aid land‐use decisions which benefit both wildlife and humans are often limited to the comparison of pre‐determined landscape scenarios, which may not reflect the true optimum landscape for any end‐user. Furthermore, the needs of wildlife are often under‐represented when considered alongside human financial interests in these approaches.

We develop a method of addressing these gaps using a case‐study of wild bees in the UK, an important group whose declines may adversely affect both human economies and surrounding ecosystems. By combining the genetic algorithm NSGA‐II with a process‐based pollinator model which simulates bee foraging and population dynamics, Poll4pop, we ‘evolve’ a typical UK agricultural landscape to identify optimum land cover configurations for three different guilds of wild bee. These configurations are compared to those resulting from optimisations for farm income alone, as well as optimisations that seek a compromise between bee populations and farm income objectives.

We find that the land cover proportions in landscapes optimised for each bee guild reflect their nesting habitat preferences rather than foraging preferences, highlighting a limiting resource within the study landscape. The spatially explicit nature of these optimised landscapes illustrates how improvement for a given target species may be limited by differences between their movement range and the scale of the units being improved. Land cover composition and configuration differ significantly in landscapes optimised for farm income and bee population growth simultaneously and illustrate how human agents are required to compromise much more when the multifaceted nature of biodiversity is recognised and represented by multiple objectives within an optimisation framework. Our methods provide a way to quantify the extent to which real‐life landscapes promote or compromise objectives for different landscape end‐users.

Our investigation suggests that optimisation set‐up (decision‐unit scales, traditional choice of a single biodiversity metric) can bias outcomes towards human‐centric solutions. It also demonstrates the importance of representing the individual requirements of different actors with different landscape‐level needs when using genetic algorithms to support biodiversity‐inclusive decision‐making in multi‐functional landscapes.
2'‐Fucosyllactose attenuates aging‐related metabolic disorders through modulating gut microbiome‐T cell axis
Authors: Li Ang , Kou Ruixin , Wang Ruishan , Wang Jin , Zhang Bowei , Liu Jingmin , Hu Yaozhong , Wang Shuo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAging‐related metabolic disorders seriously affect the lifespan of middle‐aged and older people, potentially due to disruptions in the adaptive immune and gut microbial profiles. Dietary intervention offers a promising strategy for maintaining metabolic health. This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effect of 2′‐fucosyllactose (2'‐FL) on aging‐induced metabolic dysfunction and the underlying mechanisms. The results revealed that 2'‐FL significantly relieved aging‐related metabolic disorders, including weight gain, lipid deposition, dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, systemic inflammation, and abnormal hepatic metabolism. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a significant reduction in T cytotoxic (Tc), T helper (Th), and regulatory T (Treg) cells and a significant increase in Th17 cells in aged mice, while 2'‐FL relieved the aging‐induced proportional changes in Th and Th17 subtypes. The aging intestinal microecology was characterized by higher Th17/Treg ratios, impaired gut barrier function, lower gut bacterial diversity, decreased abundance of beneficial genera including Ligilactobacillus, Colidextribacter, Mucispirillum, and Lachnoclostridium, and increased abundance of harmful bacteria including Turicibacter and Desulfovibrio, which was ameliorated by 2'‐FL treatment. These findings highlight that 2'‐FL is an ideal dietary prebiotic for improving aging‐related metabolic disorders by modulating both the adaptive immune system and the gut microbial profile.
Changes in Relative Counts of Different Leukocyte Subpopulations in Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood of Women With Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes With Respect to Intraamniotic Inflammation and Fetal Inflammatory Response Syndrome
Authors: Soucek Ondrej , Kacerovsky Marian , Musilova Ivana Kacerovska , Stranik Jaroslav , Kukla Rudolf , Bolehovska Radka , Hornychova Helena , Andrys Ctirad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate changes in the relative counts of different leukocyte subsets in peripheral and umbilical cord blood in pregnancies complicated by preterm prelabor rupture of membranes (PPROM) with respect to the presence of intraamniotic inflammation (IAI) and fetal inflammatory response syndrome (FIRS).MethodsFifty‐two women with singleton pregnancies complicated by PPROM were included in this study. From samples of peripheral and umbilical cord blood, relative counts of these leukocyte subpopulations were determined using multicolor flow cytometry: granulocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, T cells and their subpopulations, B cells and their subpopulations, and NK cells and their subpopulations. IAI was defined as increased concentrations of interleukin 6 in the amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid samples were obtained by transabdominal amniocentesis.ResultsWomen with IAI had higher relative counts of monocytes (p = 0.04) in peripheral blood. There was an increased relative number of granulocytes (p = 0.003) and a decreased number of lymphocytes (p = 0.0048), helper CD4+ T cells (p = 0.019), NK cells (p = 0.0001) within leukocytes, NK cells within lymphocytes (p = 0.003) and CD16+ NK cells within NK cells (p = 0.005) in umbilical cord blood samples of women with FIRS. However, after adjusting the results for gestational age at sampling, all differences disappeared.ConclusionsThe presence of IAI or FIRS is not accompanied by significant changes in the relative counts of immune cells in peripheral blood or umbilical cord blood in pregnancies complicated by PPROM.
Breastfed infants exposed to lamotrigine faced a low risk of toxic effects
Authors: Alvarez Ingrid , Tötterman Katarina , Honkaniemi Emma , Sarman Ihsan , Bäck Karin , Forsberg Lisa , Heinonen Essi Whaites , Svedenkrans Jenny 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimWe aimed to investigate plasma lamotrigine concentrations and clinical effects in infants exposed to lamotrigine through breastfeeding.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of mother–infant dyads in a clinical follow‐up programme in Stockholm, Sweden. Data were collected from medical records.ResultsWe included 47 breastfed infants, born from 2011 to 2021, with a median gestational age of 39 + 6 weeks/days and a median birth weight of 3420 g. The median lamotrigine concentration in the infants' plasma was 2.5 (range 2.5–14.0) μmol/L. These concentrations correlated significantly with both the maternal plasma concentrations and the maternal doses (R = 0.79, p < 0.001 versus R = 0.54, p < 0.001). During the follow up, lamotrigine concentrations within the reference range for epilepsy treatment were detected in six (14%) infants and one had clinical symptoms that were probably related to lamotrigine exposure. Liver transaminases were elevated in three of 21 infants. All infants whose mothers had a dose of 150 mg or less had undetectable plasma concentrations and no symptoms during follow up.ConclusionInfants exposed to lamotrigine through breastfeeding had a low risk of toxic effects. All infants whose mothers had low lamotrigine doses had unmeasurable plasma concentrations and no symptoms of lamotrigine exposure. These low‐risk infants might be offered a simplified follow up.
Differential diagnosis of autism, attachment disorders, complex post‐traumatic stress disorder and emotionally unstable personality disorder: A Delphi study
Authors: Sarr Rachel , Spain Debbie , Quinton Alice M. G. , Happé Francesca , Brewin Chris R. , Radcliffe Jonathan , Jowett Sally , Miles Sarah , González Rafael A. , Albert Idit , Scholwin Alix , Stirling Marguerite , Markham Sarah , Strange Sally , Rumball Freya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIndividuals diagnosed with autism, attachment disorders, emotionally unstable personality disorder (EUPD) or complex post‐traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD) can present with similar features. This renders differential and accurate diagnosis of these conditions difficult, leading to diagnostic overshadowing and misdiagnosis. The purpose of this study was to explore professionals' perspectives on the differential diagnosis of autism, attachment disorders and CPTSD in young people; and of autism, CPTSD and EUPD in adults. A co‐produced three‐round Delphi study gathered information through a series of questionnaires from 106 international professionals with expertise in assessing and/or diagnosing at least one of these conditions. To provide specialist guidance and data triangulation, working groups of experts by experience, clinicians and researchers were consulted. Delphi statements were considered to have reached consensus if at least 80% of participants were in agreement. Two hundred and seventy‐five Delphi statements reached consensus. Overlapping and differentiating features, methods of assessment, difficulties encountered during differential diagnosis and suggestions for improvements were identified. The findings highlight current practices for differential diagnosis of autism, attachment disorders, CPTSD and EUPD in young people and adults. Areas for future research, clinical and service provision implications, were also identified.