bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of the hyper‐diverse rove beetle subtribe Philonthina with implications for classification of the tribe Staphylinini (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae)
Authors: Chani‐Posse Mariana R. , Brunke Adam James , Chatzimanolis Stylianos , Schillhammer Harald , Solodovnikov Alexey 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWith 71 genera and over 2700 described species, Philonthina is the most speciose subtribe of rove beetle tribe Staphylinini and forms a major component of the largest remaining higher systematics challenge in Staphylinini, the ‘Staphylinini propria’ clade. A related systematics issue concerns the position of the genus Holisus (Hyptiomina), which was recovered within the Neotropical philonthine lineage in several recent analyses of morphology. With the aims of resolving the phylogeny of Philonthina and the position and, thus, validity of Hyptiomina, we performed phylogenetic analyses of the tribe Staphylinini based on molecular (six genes, 4471 bp) and morphological (113 characters) data including 138 taxa from all relevant lineages of Staphylinini. We found that ‘Staphylinini propria’ is a monophylum consisting of six lineages: current subtribes Anisolinina, Philonthina, Staphylinina and Xanthopygina; and two new subtribes, Algonina Schillhammer and Brunke and Philothalpina Chatzimanolis and Brunke. While the previously hypothesized Neotropical lineage of Philonthina was corroborated, Holisus was recovered as a separate subtribe, outside of Philonthina, within an informal ‘Southern Hemisphere clade’. Based on our analyses, we propose tentative new concepts of the polyphyletic genera Belonuchus and Philonthus. We propose the following taxonomic changes: synonymy of the subtribes Staphylinina Latreille (valid name) and Eucibdelina Sharp; resurrection of genera Barypalpus Cameron and Trapeziderus Motschulsky from synonymy with Rientis Sharp and Belonuchus Nordmann, respectively; transfer of 38 Belonuchus species, 16 Hesperus Fauvel species and one Philonthus Stephens species to Trapeziderus as new combinations; transfer of two Hesperus species to Eccoptolonthus Bernhauer as new combinations; transfer of one Belonuchus species to Paederomimus Sharp as a new combination; and transfer of Pridonius Blackwelder new status from its position as a subgenus of Quedius (subtribe Quediina) to Philonthina as a genus, and new combinations for its two described species.
Supply of schooling and dropout rates: Evidence from the Oportunidades programme in Mexico
Authors: Campos‐Vazquez Raymundo M. , Santillan Alma S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this article we provide evidence that measures of school supply, such as quantity and quality at the local level, are important predictors of dropout behaviour among conditional cash transfer beneficiaries in Mexico. We use administrative records of the Oportunidades programme in both rural and urban areas to follow the schooling trajectory of a cohort of students from sixth grade to high school. Under half of rural beneficiaries attending sixth grade make it to the tenth grade. Our regression analysis indicates that the absence of a junior high school in a locality increases the probability of dropping out after sixth grade by 6.8 percentage points; the absence of a high school increases the probability of dropping out after ninth grade by 12.2 percentage points. This means that 16% of all rural sixth‐grade students would enter tenth grade if they had junior high and high schools in their localities. Attending a low‐quality junior high school increases the probability of dropping out after ninth grade by 13 percentage points in rural areas and 7.6 percentage points in urban areas.
Markets and Their Virtues
Authors: Miller Robert C. B. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe market economy can be defended using the lens of virtue ethics. Modern virtue ethics was developed originally by the English philosopher Elizabeth Anscombe. Virtue ethics rejects consequentialism and focuses on the virtues. And human nature appears to be collaborative in both language and economic relations exemplified by exchange. By adapting the concept of ‘characteristic virtues’, developed by Alasdair MacIntyre, it follows that collaboration has its own particular virtues. These virtues can produce prescriptions which mitigate the costs of economic transactions and collaboration. The development of behavioural economics has shown human beings sometimes fall short of the rationality described by neo‐classical microeconomics. But virtuous action tends to correct these deficiencies.
Determination of evidence correction factors based on the neural network
Authors: Zhu Weidong , Xu Youhua , Wu Yong , Sun Yibo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA modified method to combine evidence based on artificial neural network and Dempster's rule of combination is proposed. The comprehensive discounting factor of this method adds learning and data mining capability to evidence combination, making it more suitable for the interrelated, conflicted evidence, or evidence with different importance and more suitable for group decision making. This method can be used for repeatable and verifiable systems. A study about securities market experts group prediction is conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Interacting effects of yak dung deposition and litter quality on litter mass loss and nitrogen dynamics in Tibetan alpine grassland
Authors: Liang D. F. , Niu K. C. , Zhang S. T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe effects of grazing‐induced dung deposition on plant growth and soil attributes are well established, but little is known about dung effects on litter decomposition. Here, we tested effects of yak dung on litter decomposition and nutrient content in a Tibetan alpine meadow. We incubated litter of four common alpine meadow species using litter bags in the field. Two low‐quality species (Kobresia capillifoliaandElymus nutans) with low nitrogen (N), high C/N and Lignin/N, and two high‐quality species, (Saussurea nigrescensandThermopsis lanceolata) were incubated in monoculture with and without dung addition. Mass loss of leaf litter, fibre fraction (cellulose, hemi‐cellulose and lignin), N and phosphorus (P) were measured after 6, 12 and 18 months of incubation in the field. Dung addition significantly increased decomposition constants for low‐quality litter species, but not for high‐quality litter species. Dung addition promoted cellulose and hemi‐cellulose loss, but lignin loss was not affected by dung addition, except after 12 months for high‐quality litter species. Dung reduced N immobilization after 6 months and did not affect subsequent release in low‐quality litter species, and promoted N release after 6 and 12 months in high‐quality litter species. Regardless of litter quality, dung increased P release after 6 and 12 months. Our results suggest grazing‐induced dung deposition may accelerate C and nutrient turnover, primarily through increasing the mass loss of low‐quality litter, P release from litter and N release from high‐quality litter. The mechanisms underlying the effects of dung deposition need to be clarified in future studies.
Juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis is a chronic recalcitrant disease: an analysis of 27 patients seen in a tertiary hospital in Johor, Malaysia
Authors: Lau Bi‐Wen , Lim Dee‐Zhen , Capon Francesca , Barker Jonathan N. , Choon Siew‐Eng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundLimited information exists regarding juvenile generalized pustular psoriasis (GPP). We aim to determine the clinical profile and outcome of Malaysians with juvenile GPP.MethodsReview of hospital case notes on patients with juvenile GPP.ResultsTwenty‐seven patients with juvenile GPP were identified. Female to male ratio was 1.4:1. The median age at onset of GPP was 6.5 years. Ten patients had prior psoriasis with a median pre‐pustular duration of 2.7 years. Onset of GPP was earlier in patients without prior psoriasis (5.1 years vs. 12.0 years, P = 0.002). Precipitating factors identified included stress, upper respiratory tract infection, systemic steroid use, vaccination, and pregnancy. A positive family history of psoriasis and GPP was present in six and one patient(s), respectively. Twenty‐one patients had acute, five annular, and one localized variant of GPP. Arthritis was present in 22.2%. Fever, leukocytosis, and transaminitis were mainly seen in patients with acute GPP at 80.9, 72.2, and 11.1%, respectively. Among 20 patients screened, eight carry IL36RN variants and one has CARD14 mutation. IL36RN‐positive patients have more severe disease characterized by early onset, low prevalence of prior plaque psoriasis, high prevalence of systemic inflammation, and need for continuous long‐term systemic therapy. Acitretin and cyclosporine were effective in aborting acute GPP in 100% of 16 and 66.7% of six patients treated, respectively. However, relapses were common. Only three of the 17 patients whose initial acute GPP was controlled with systemic agents were successfully weaned off treatment.ConclusionsJuvenile GPP is a chronic recalcitrant disease. IL36RN‐positive patients have more severe disease.
Ultrasound‐assisted extraction of polyphenols from potato peels: profiling and kinetic modelling
Authors: Kumari Bibha , Tiwari Brijesh K. , Hossain Mohammad B. , Rai Dilip K. , Brunton Nigel P. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryUltrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) at 33 and 42 kHz has been investigated in the extraction of polyphenols from peels of two potato varieties, cream‐skinned Lady Claire (LC) and pink‐skinned Lady Rosetta (LR), commonly used in snack food production. Extraction efficacy between the UAE‐untreated (control) and the UAE‐treated extracts was assessed on the total phenolic content and antioxidant capacities (DPPH and FRAP). Application of UAE showed significantly higher recovery of phenolic compounds compared to solid–liquid extraction process alone. Lower ultrasonic frequency (33 kHz) was more effective in recovering polyphenols compared to 42 kHz ultrasonic treatment. The liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry revealed that chlorogenic acid and caffeic acid were the most prevalent phenolics in LR peels, whereas caffeic acid was dominant in LC peels. Peleg's equation showed a good correlation (R2 > 0.92) between the experimental values and the predicted values on the kinetics of UAE of phenolic compounds.
Access to palliative care services during a terminal hospital episode reduces intervention rates and hospital costs: a database study of 19 707 elderly patients dying in hospital, 2011–2015
Authors: Ireland Anthony W. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe burden of healthcare costs for persons approaching death is of increasing concern. This study examines cost savings associated with access to palliative care (PC) during a hospital episode ending in death for a large sample of elderly patients.MethodsA retrospective cohort study of administrative data for the Department of Veterans’ Affairs clients identified patient demographics, hospital characteristics, utilisation data and component costs for the hospital terminal episode for patients aged ≥ 70 years who died in hospital between July 2011 and June 2015. Differences between patients with and without access to PC were analysed with descriptive statistics and negative binomial regression models.ResultsAccess to PC service was reported for 33.2% of patients, 59.5% for those with a cancer diagnosis and 24.3% for other patients. Rates were significantly lower in private hospitals for all patient groups. For the complete sample, PC access was associated with significantly lower rates of admission into the intensive care unit (1.9% vs 10.6%, P < 0.001), fewer coded procedures and lower costs for hospital accommodation, medical and diagnostic services. Mean total cost for terminal episodes was $10 801 for PC patients and $16 165 for those with no recorded PC access (P < 0.001). All differences remained significant after adjustment for patient age, comorbidity and hospital type.ConclusionIn a hospital episode ending in death, access to PC services was associated with significantly lower rates of medical interventions and total hospital costs.
Runoff Modeling to Inform Policy Regarding Development of Green Infrastructure for Flood Risk Management and Groundwater Recharge Augmentation along an Urban Subcatchment, Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
Authors: Granados‐Olivas Alfredo , Alatorre‐Cejudo Luis Carlos , Adams David , Serra Yolande L. , Esquivel‐Ceballos Víctor Hugo , Vázquez‐Gálvez Felipe Adrián , Giner Maria Elena , Eastoe Chris 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChanges in land use patterns at expanding border cities along the U.S.‐Mexico transboundary area have severe impacts on runoff coefficients and flood risk management. Severe rain is the most representative type of precipitation in the Paso del Norte (PdN) region (New Mexico and Texas in the United States and Chihuahua in Mexico), characterized by high intensity, low duration, and high volumes of rain falling in localized, small areas. Rains generate flooding and damage to urban infrastructure, putting at risk people and properties along the arroyos, which lack hydraulic design to control overflowing. While using a Geographic Information System (GIS), we applied the Hydrologic Modeling System (HEC‐HMS) to model streamflow at the study site while building the hydrologic domain using ArcGIS with the Flow Area extension. Flood risk analysis was generated to evaluate potential sites for establishment of Green Infrastructure (GI) as a means of reducing risk and induce recharge to local aquifers. A hydrologic model was created using HEC‐HMS under GIS tools and later using Flood Area® hydrologic software to evaluate flood risk analysis. For small‐scale watersheds (< 10 km2) runoff can be greatly reduced by using and developing an urban hydrology approach. Furthermore, using GI and applying an urban hydrology approach can generate synergistic benefits by reducing flood risk, enhancing recharge to aquifer formations, weakening urban heat islands, improving habitat for regional species, and generating a common site for social interaction between neighbors. Binational agencies have adapted a new policy to address and promote the generation of such sites while academia, local government, and Non‐Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have taken up the challenge of promoting joint collaboration leading to local solutions to the ancient problem of flood risk.
Application of Environmental Tracers in the Memphis Aquifer and Implication for Sustainability of Groundwater Resources in the Memphis Metropolitan Area, Tennessee
Authors: Larsen Daniel , Waldron Brian , Schoefernacker Scott , Gallo Haley , Koban John , Bradshaw Elizabeth 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFourteen years of results from environmental tracer sampling for 3H, He isotopes, noble gases, and SF6 in production wells screened in the Memphis aquifer in Memphis, Tennessee, are presented and used to determine the age and mass proportion of modern water (<60 years old) pumped from this regionally important public supply aquifer. The results indicate persistent presence of modern water in water pumped from one or more production wells in most of the well fields sampled. The percentage of modern water is quantified by three methods: tritium‐loading history, inverse geochemical modeling, and lumped parameter modeling. The mixing percentages and ages determined from each technique are generally in agreement, but also emphasize the unique information provided by each tracer and associated modeling approaches. The implications of the tracer data for sustainability and vulnerability are also considered, especially in regard to potential water quality threats to the water supply in the Memphis, Tennessee, metropolitan area.
Geochemical Factors Controlling the Mobilization of Arsenic at an Artificial Recharge Site, Clearwater, Florida
Authors: Darling Bruce K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAquifer storage and recovery and artificial recharge projects are common methods of developing and managing groundwater resources for future use by cities that face pressure to maintain sustainable supplies of water for growing populations. Such projects, however, are often accompanied by water‐quality problems that can be mitigated by careful attention to geological and geochemical factors that account for the occurrence and mobilization of contaminants such as arsenic in storage zones. Investigations of artificial recharge systems in Florida, for example, have identified oxidative dissolution of pyrites by treated injectate waters as the principal factor causing the mobilization of arsenic from the matrix of an aquifer. This paper describes major‐ion chemistry and associated reduction‐oxidation factors that account for the occurrence of arsenic in groundwater at an artificial recharge site under development by the City of Clearwater, Florida. The results of this investigation are fully consistent with those of previous studies. Of particular significance is the apparent sensitivity of arsenical sulfides to slight changes in the redox conditions under which those minerals are otherwise stable.
Issues of Stream‐Aquifer Interactions in Grout Lined Channels in Urban Watersheds
Authors: Hibbs Barry , Harrison Michael , Merino Mercedes 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGrout lined storm drains are used worldwide to convey storm runoff away from urban areas. They also convey dry weather flows such as car wash runoff, lawn runoff, and other “nuisance flows” in urban centers. Areas in Southern California and elsewhere have shallow water tables where dry weather flows in grout lined storm drains consist primarily of perennial groundwater baseflows. In these areas, groundwater leaks through cracks, joints, weepholes, and intentional dewatering structures into storm drains and eventually flows into natural channels, coastal wetlands, and estuaries. The “lined” sections of these channels are not always impervious; in fact, the lining of the channels often affords excellent opportunities to collect groundwater samples at discrete points that are usually not present along unlined channels where well control is sparse or where technical or legal issues prevent installation of piezometers. Frequently, as much as 95% of the nutrient and trace element loading to urban catchments during dry weather is from seepage of groundwater that is laden with pollutants. This project presents several examples of our experiences in conducting stream/aquifer studies in lined and semi‐lined channels in Southern California. Sub‐projects include evolution of groundwater quality along flowpaths, detection of unwanted recharge mounds in shallow groundwater systems due to leaky water main pipes, and comparisons of water quality in lined and unlined sections of a creek. Tools that are utilized and described in the paper include isotopic tracers; trace element and standard inorganic constituents; and innovative sampling methods.
PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 dielectric reflectors with large photonic band gap and high average optical reflectivity
Authors: Li Shi Min , Hu Gu Jin , Wang Chao , Zhao Wen Chao , Ma Guo Hong , Chen Xiao Shuang , Chu Jun Hao , Dai Ning 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 multilayer, comprising of three PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 stacks with a slight difference in their periodic thickness, has been designed and fabricated on FTO substrate based on one single chemical solution and on the simple spinning‐coating and annealing technique. The obtained multilayer exhibits a high reflectivity band with 110 nm photonic stop‐band width and average reflectivity of over 80% at room temperature, rendering the novel arrange of PbZr0.4Ti0.6O3 multilayer system a promising candidate as tunable dielectric mirrors, optical cavities and selective filters.
Phosphor‐in‐glass thick film formation with low sintering temperature phosphosilicate glass for robust white LED
Authors: Ahn Sang Hyun , Nam Yoon Hee , Han Karam , Im Won Bin , Cho Kuk Young , Chung Woon Jin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPhosphor‐in‐glass (PiG) thick film was fabricated on a borosilicate glass substrate using a conventional screen printing method and employing phosphosilicate glass to allow low‐temperature sintering. The vehicle content and sintering temperature were optimized to form a thick film with a thickness of ~50 μm. Commercial yellow (Y3Al5O12:Ce3+) and red (CaAlSiN3:Eu2+) phosphors were successfully incorporated within the glass matrix and then sintered at 550°C. Color‐tunable white LEDs were achieved using the PiG thick films as a color converter by varying the glass to phosphor (GtP) ratio. The high luminous efficacy of up to ~120 lm/W and high color rendering index of up to 89 in combination with the thermal quenching property prove the practical feasibility of the PiG thick films for high‐power/high‐brightness LED applications.
High lithium ionic conductivity in the garnet‐type oxide Li7−2xLa3Zr2−xMoxO12 (x=0‐0.3) ceramics by sol‐gel method
Authors: Liu Xiaoting , Li Yuan , Yang Tiantian , Cao Zhenzhu , He Weiyan , Gao Yanfang , Liu Jinrong , Li Guorong , Li Zhi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLithium garnet‐type oxides Li7−2xLa3Zr2−xMoxO12 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) ceramics were prepared by a sol‐gel method. The influence of molybdenum on the structure, microstructure and conductivity of Li7La3Zr2O12 were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and impedance spectroscopy. The cubic phase Li7La3Zr2O12 has been stabilized by partial substitution of Mo for Zr at low temperature. The introduction of Mo (x≥0.1) can accelerate densification. Li6.6La3Zr1.8Mo0.2O12 sintered at lower temperature 1100°C for 3 hours exhibits highest total ionic conductivity of 5.09 × 10−4 S/cm. Results indicate that the Mo doping LLZO synthesized by sol‐gel method effectively lowers its sintering temperature and improves the ionic conductivity.
High‐pressure synthesis of a 12CaO·7Al2O3–12SrO·7Al2O3 solid solution
Authors: Miyakawa Masashi , Kobayashi Kiyoshi , Taniguchi Takashi 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSolid solutions of 12CaO·7Al2O3 (C12A7) and 12SrO·7Al2O3 (S12A7) crystals were synthesized under high pressure. X‐ray diffraction patterns revealed that the lattice constants of the synthesized samples depend linearly on the compositional ratio of C12A7 and S12A7. Electron‐probe X‐ray microanalyses show that the chemical compositions of the crystals are represented by xC12A7·(1−x)S12A7 (0<x<1). These results indicate that the variation in the lattice constants is originated from a difference in the ionic radii of Ca2+ and Sr2+ ions. From impedance measurements, it was found that S12A7 has the highest conductivity (~1 × 10−3 Scm−1 at 550°C) among the solid solutions in the C12A7–S12A7 system.
Effects of fictive temperature on the leaching of soda lime silica glass surfaces
Authors: Amma Shin‐ichi , Luo Jiawei , Kim Seong H. , Pantano Carlo G. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe fictive temperature of glass characterizes the glass network structure and its thermal history, and thereby can influence ion and water transport in the glass surface. In this study, IR specular reflectance (SR), refractive index, and density measurements were used to characterize and confirm the effects of glass sample processing, especially the fictive temperature/thermal‐history variations. The subsequent acid leaching of these glasses created leached surface layers due to interdiffusion and reaction of hydrous species in the surface; the hydrogen depth profiles obtained with secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) confirmed enhanced leaching with increasing fictive temperature. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) in the mid‐ and near‐IR indicated increases in both SiOH and H2O species with increasing fictive temperature. The relative intensities and shapes of the ATR peaks were found to vary between the samples suggesting that speciation of the hydrous reaction products (eg, strong and weakly hydrogen‐bonded OH) is also influenced by the original fictive temperature of the glass, but could not be quantitatively determined.