bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of the Bacillus cereus Group Isolated from Ready-to-Eat Foods in Poland by Whole-Genome Sequencing
Authors: Kowalska Joanna , Maćkiw Elżbieta , Korsak Dorota , Postupolski Jacek 
Published: October 2024

Bacillus cereus sensu lato can contaminate food and cause food poisoning by producing toxins such as cereulide, toxin BL, and cytotoxin K. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed B. cereus sensu lato from retail food products and food poisoning cases using PCR methods to determine their virulence profiles. A new toxin profile, encoding all four toxins (hbl, nhe, cytK, ces), was found in 0.4% of isolates. The toxin profiles, classified into A-J, revealed that 91.8% harbored nhe genes, while hbl, cytK, and ces were detected in 43.8%, 46.9%, and 4.2% of isolates, respectively. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified four distinct species within the B. cereus group, with 21 isolates closely related to B. cereus sensu stricte, 25 to B. mosaicus, 2 to B. toyonensis, and 1 to B. mycoides. Three novel sequence types (STs 3297, 3298, 3299) were discovered. Antibiotic resistance genes were common, with 100% of isolates carrying beta-lactam resistance genes. Fosfomycin (80%), vancomycin (8%), streptothricin (6%), tetracycline (4%), and macrolide resistance (2%) genes were also detected. These results highlight the genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance potential of B. cereus sensu lato strains in Polish food products.
Estimation of Reservoir Storage Capacity Using the Gould-Dincer Formula with the Aid of Possibility Theory
Authors: Mylonas Nikos , Tzimopoulos Christos , Papadopoulos Basil , Samarinas Nikiforos 
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a method for estimating reservoir storage capacity using the Gould–Dincer normal formula (G-DN), enhanced by the possibility theory. The G-DN equation is valuable for regional studies of reservoir reliability, particularly under climate change scenarios, using regional statistics. However, because the G-DN formula deals with measured data, it introduces a degree of uncertainty and fuzziness that traditional probability theory struggles to address. Possibility theory, an extension of fuzzy set theory, offers a suitable framework for managing this uncertainty and fuzziness. In this study, the G-DN formula is adapted to incorporate fuzzy logic, and the possibilistic nature of reservoir capacity is translated into a probabilistic framework using α-cuts from the possibility theory. These α-cuts approximate probability confidence intervals with high confidence. Applying the proposed methodology, in the present crisp case with the storage capacity D = 0.75, the value of the capacity C was found to be 1271×106 m3, and that for D = 0.5 was 634.5×106 m3. On the other hand, in the fuzzy case using the possibility theory, the value of the capacity for D = 0.75 is the internal [315,5679]×106 m3 and for D = 0.5 the value is interval [158,2839]×106 m3, with a probability of ≥95% and a risk level of α = 5% for both cases. The proposed approach could be used as a robust tool in the toolkit of engineers working on irrigation, drainage, and water resource projects, supporting informed and effective engineering decisions.
Intraperitoneal Injection of the Porphyromonas gingivalis Outer Membrane Vesicle (OMV) Stimulated Expressions of Neuroinflammatory Markers and Histopathological Changes in the Brains of Adult Zebrafish
Authors: Adewoyin Malik , Hamarsha Ahmed , Akinsola Rasaq , Teoh Seong Lin , Azmai Mohammad Noor Amal , Abu Bakar Noraini , Nasruddin Nurrul Shaqinah 
Published: October 2024

Porphyromonas gingivalis is the major pathogenic bacteria found in the subgingival plaque of patients with periodontitis, which leads to neuroinflammation. The bacteria destroy periodontal tissue through virulence factors, which are retained in the bacteria’s outer membrane vesicles (OMV). This study aimed to determine the real-time effect of an intraperitoneal injection of P. gingivalis OMV on the production and expression of inflammatory markers and histopathological changes in adult zebrafishes’ central nervous systems (CNS). Following the LD50 (21 µg of OMV), the zebrafish were injected intraperitoneally with 18 µg of OMVs, and the control group were injected with normal saline at seven different time points. Brains of experimental zebrafish were dissected at desired time points for colorimetric assays, ELISA, and histology. This study discovered that nitric oxide and PGE2 were significantly increased at 45 min, while IL-1β and IL-6 were expressed at subsequent 12 h and 24 h time points, respectively. Histopathological changes such as blood coagulation, astrocytosis, edema, spongiosis, and necrosis were observed between the 6hour and 24 h time points. The two apoptotic enzymes, caspases 3 and 9, were not expressed at any point. In summary, the OMV-induced neuroinflammatory responses and histopathological changes in adult zebrafish were time-point dependent. This study will enrich our understanding of the mechanism of P. gingivalis OMVs in neuroinflammation in a zebrafish model, most especially the timing of the expression of inflammatory mediators in relation to observable changes in brain tissues.
Effect of Coarse Aggregate Type on the Fracture Toughness of Ordinary Concrete
Authors: Golewski Grzegorz Ludwik 
Published: October 2024

This research work aims to compare the strength and fracture mechanics properties of plain concretes, obtained from different coarse aggregates. During the study, mechanical parameters including compressive strength (fcm) and splitting tensile strength (fctm), as well as fracture parameters involving critical stress intensity factor (KIcS) and critical crack tip opening displacement (CTODc) were evaluated. The effect of the aggregates used on the brittleness of the concretes was also analyzed. For better understanding of the crack initiation and propagation in concretes with different coarse aggregates, a macroscopic failure surfaces examination of the tested beams is also presented. Crushed aggregates covered were basalt (BA), granite (GT), and limestone (LM), and natural peeble gravel aggregate (GL) were used in the concrete mixtures. Fracture toughness tests were performed on an MTS 810 testing machine. Due to the high strength of the rock material, the rough surface of the aggregate grains, and good bonding in the ITZ area between the aggregate and the paste, the concretes with crushed aggregates exhibited high fracture toughness. Both of the analyzed fracture mechanics parameters, i.e., KIcS and CTODc, increased significantly in the case of concretes which were manufactured with crushed aggregates. They amounted, in comparison to concrete based on gravel aggregate, to levels ranging from 20% for concrete with limestone aggregate to over 30% for concrete with a granite aggregate, and to as much as over 70% for concrete with basalt aggregate. On the other hand, the concrete with gravel aggregate showed the lowest fracture toughness because of the smooth surface of the aggregate grains and poor bonding between the aggregate and the cement paste. However, the fracture process in each series of concrete was quasi-plastic in the case of gravel concrete, semi-brittle in the case of limestone concrete, and clearly brittle in the case of the concretes based on granite and basalt aggregates. The results obtained help to explain how the coarse aggregate type affects the strength parameters and fracture toughness at bending.
Information–Theoretic Analysis of Visibility Graph Properties of Extremes in Time Series Generated by a Nonlinear Langevin Equation
Authors: Telesca Luciano , Czechowski Zbigniew 
Published: October 2024

In this study, we examined how the nonlinearity α of the Langevin equation influences the behavior of extremes in a generated time series. The extremes, defined according to run theory, result in two types of series, run lengths and surplus magnitudes, whose complex structure was investigated using the visibility graph (VG) method. For both types of series, the information measures of the Shannon entropy measure and Fisher Information Measure were utilized for illustrating the influence of the nonlinearity α on the distribution of the degree, which is the main topological parameter describing the graph constructed by the VG method. The main finding of our study was that the Shannon entropy of the degree of the run lengths and the surplus magnitudes of the extremes is mostly influenced by the nonlinearity, which decreases with with an increase in α. This result suggests that the run lengths and surplus magnitudes of extremes are characterized by a sort of order that increases with increases in nonlinearity.
Dynamics of a Price Adjustment Model with Distributed Delay
Authors: Guerrini Luca , Anokye Martin , Sackitey Albert L. , Amoah-Mensah John 
Published: October 2024

This paper deals with the stability and occurrence of Hopf bifurcation of a distributed delay differential cobweb model using the chain trick technique. This is a generalized form of the fixed delay cobweb model to which it is compared using the same parameter values. The results from the delay distribution showed that whenever less weight (γ=0.146) is put on past prices, the current equilibrium price is adjusted upwards while the reverse is observed when a higher weight (γ=0.186) is put on the previous price. It is also observed that if the initial price is set below/above the equilibrium price, the price adjustment either affects the consumers or benefits the suppliers. However, the fixed delay cobweb model does not display the consumers or suppliers benefits of the price dynamics in either direction. These are unique, underlying patterns in price dynamics discovered when using a distributed delay model compared to traditional fixed delay cobweb models. Furthermore, our model challenges the traditional cobweb model’s requirement for divergence, as it is based on the weight assigned to past prices rather than the relationship between the elasticities of supply and demand, which is the determining factor in the classical model. Based on these insights, we recommend that future price adjustment models incorporate distributed delays, as they reveal more intricate price dynamics and provide a more comprehensive understanding of market behavior than fixed delay models.
Tracking the Role of Faults on Mudstone Caprock Seals: A Case Study from Beier Depression, Hailar Basin, NE China
Authors: Liu Xin , Li Yuexiang , Yang Linlin , He Taohua , Zhao Ya , Zeng Qianghao , He Jiayi , Fu Guang 
Published: October 2024

To study the oil and gas enrichment characteristics of the reservoir rocks in the second Member of the Nantun Formation (N2) of the F1 fault in the Beier Depression, this research focuses on the mechanism of shortening the sealing time of the regional mudstone cap due to faults and the factors influencing the sealing duration. The period during which the regional mudstone cap seal began is determined by analyzing the relationship between the diagenetic index of the regional mudstone cap and its underlying reservoir rocks and time. This relationship between the rock-formation index and time helps establish the onset of regional mudstone cap seal, and from this, the index of shortening time due to faults is derived. A research framework to study the sealing time shortening of regional mudstone cap seal caused by a fault was developed, which was further applied to analyze the relationship between the fault-induced shortening time of the seal in the lower of the first Member of the Damoguaihe Formation section (D1x) of the Beier Depression and hydrocarbon concentrations in the N2 Formation. The results show that the F1 fault at measurement points 1–4, 6, and 9–11 reduced the blocking time of the regional mudstone cap in D1x to 100%, hindering hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation in the N2. Conversely, the F1 fault at measurement points 5, 7, 8, and 12–15 reduces the blocking time of the regional mudstone cap in the D1x by 37–99%, which is more conducive to hydrocarbon accumulation and preservation in N2, resulting in positive oil and gas shows. Based on the test results, a discussion on the feasibility, applicability, and limitations of the new method is conducted, yielding the following conclusions: (1) The relationship between oil and gas indications in the reservoir rocks of the Nan’er Member confirms the feasibility of the new method. The research findings of the new method on the F1 fault align with current oil and gas exploration realities, indicating its potential use in studying the degree to which faults shorten the sealing time of regional mudstone caprocks. (2) The new method is primarily applicable to the study of the modification effects of tensile normal faults on regional mudstone caprocks and their impact on oil and gas sealing capacities. However, its application to other types of faults may have limitations. (3) The new method is mainly suitable for caprocks dominated by mudstone. When studying other types of caprocks, such as carbonate rocks, evaporites, igneous rocks, and metamorphic rocks, different research methods and technical means are required. These findings provide valuable insights for oil and gas exploration efforts near fault zones.
ISOLATION, IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PROFILES OF BACTERIA FROM SPOILED FRUITS IN RAWALAKOT DISTRICT POONCH, AZAD JAMMU AND KASHMIR
Authors: Qayyum Nayab , Aziz Fauzia , Ahmed Raees , Younas Muhammad Tahir , Zafar Urooj , Mahmood Laiba , Barkat Uzma , Qayyum Hassam , Najeeb Muhammad , . Nasrullah , Javied Sabahat 
Published: October 2024

Fruits play a vital role in human diet by providing essential growth factors such as vitamins and minerals in daily diet which help to live healthy life. Bacteria are important factor for spoilage of fruits. Bacterial degradation first causes softening of tissues as pectin are degraded and the whole fruit may eventually degenerate into a slimy mass. Spoilage refers to any change in fruit condition in which fruit become unacceptable or undesirable for human use. Therefore present study was conducted at Rawalakot, District Pooch AJK, to identify the bacteria (E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus) from spoiled fruit samples as well as to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of these isolated bacteria using antibiotic disc diffusion method. For this purpose a total of 100 spoiled fruit samples (50 samples of spoiled apple and 50 samples of spoiled banana) were randomly collected from different locations of Rawalakot including Kharick, Kasaigali, D. Chowk, Nala Bazar and Supply Bazar by random sampling technique. Results of the study showed that out of 50 samples of Banana 25(50%) samples were positive for Staphylococcus aureus and 25(50%) were positive for E. coli. While among 50 samples of Apple 25(50%) were positive for E. coli and 25(50%) were positive for Staphylococcus aureus respectively. For antimicrobial susceptibility test disc diffusion method was followed. S. aureus from apple samples the highest resistance was observed for Sulphamethox 25(100%) and Cefoxtin 25(100%) while for banana the highest %age was recorded for Amoxicillin 25(100%) and Sulphamethox 25(100%) respectively. E. coli from apple samples strains were highly resistant to Erythromycin 22(88%), while for banana the highest percentage was recorded for Amoxicillin 23(92%) and Erythromycin 20(80%).
Устойчивость структуры городской дорожной сети к явлениям чрезвычайного характера
Authors: Бабёнышев С.В. , Матеров Е.Н. , Малютин О.С. 
Published: October 2024

В статье анализируются методы определения оценки уязвимых особенностей городской структуры по отношению к явлениям чрезвычайного характера.1. Используя сетевую топологию городской структуры транспортной сети, вводится функция достижимости, на основе которой даются методы оценки достижимости зданий и сооружений из пожарных подразделений. 2. На основе понятия центральности графа дорожной сети предложена оценка наиболее уязвимым элементам дорожной сети с точки зрения влияния сбоев (например, землетрясений, наводнений, террористических атак) этих элементов на дорожную сеть. При прочих равных условия, сети с более высокой связностью, меньшим количеством узлов и меньшей степенью центральности менее уязвимы к последствиям разрушения. 3. Учитывая цифровую модель рельефа местности, дается аналитическая оценка городской инфраструктуры, наиболее уязвимой для паводков. Используя информацию, касающуюся цифровой модели рельефа местности и расстояния от береговой линии до объектов, можно построить модель для кластеризации при районировании рисков затопления на основе алгоритмов машинного обучения. В работе проанализировано несколько крупных городов Российской Федерации.The article analyses the methods of determining the assessment of vulnerable features of the urban structure in relation to the phenomena of emergency character. 1. Using the network topology of the urban structure of the transport network, we define a reachability function is introduced, on the basis of which methods of estimating the reachability of buildings and structures from fire departments. 2. Based on the concept of centrality of the road network graph, an assessment of the most vulnerable elements of the road network, we propose in terms of the impact of failures (e.g., earthquakes, floods, terrorist attacks) of these elements on the road network. Other things being equal, networks with higher connectivity, fewer nodes and lower centrality are less vulnerable to the effects of disruption. 3. Given a digital elevation model, we provide an analytical assessment of the urban infrastructure most vulnerable to floods. Using the information concerning the digital elevation model and the distance from the shoreline to the objects, we built a model for clustering in flood risk zoning based on machine learning algorithms. We analyze s in this paper several large cities of the Russian Federation.
Метод расчёта эффективной ширины, полосы поиска уклоняющихся судов на основе текущей информации
Authors: Колеров Д.А. , Куватов В.И. 
Published: October 2024

Актуализируются проблемы увеличения числа маломерных судов на внутренних водоёмах РФ и количества аварий, связанными с их участием. Предлагается один из возможных вариантов решения, за счёт патрулирования акватории и выявления нарушений требований эксплуатации таких судов, а также правил навигации. В виду ограниченности числа патрульных судов и высокой занятости сотрудников Государственной инспекции по маломерным судам (ГИМС) данному направлению уделяется недостаточно внимания. Для повышения эффективности патрулирования акваторий, с учётом ограничения имеющихся ресурсов требуется разработка соответствующих моделей и методов. Описан метод расчёта эффективной ширины полосы поиска уклоняющихся судов, на основе текущей информации, разработанный для сотрудников ГИМС, осуществляющих патрулирование акватории. Применение метода может быть осуществлено для решения ряда других задач, связанных с поиском уклоняющихся судов, то есть плавсредств, которые стремятся скрыться из зоны видимости представителей закона. К примеру, для поиска браконьеров на водоемах РФ. В рамках дальнейших исследований планируется разработка специального программного обеспечения для осуществления поддержки принятия управленческих решений сотрудниками ГИМС при патрулировании акватории.
The problems of increasing the number of small vessels on inland waters of the Russian Federation and the number of accidents associated with their participation are becoming more pressing. One of the possible solutions is proposed by patrolling the water area and identifying violations of the operating requirements of such vessels, as well as navigation rules. Due to the limited number of patrol vessels and the high employment of employees of the State Inspectorate for Small Vessels (GIMS), insufficient attention is paid to this area. To increase the efficiency of patrolling water areas, taking into account the limitations of available resources, the development of appropriate models and methods is required. A method is described for calculating the effective width of the search lane for evading vessels, based on current information, developed for GIMS employees patrolling the water area. The method can be used to solve a number of other problems related to the search for evading vessels, that is, watercraft that try to hide from the visibility of representatives of the law. For example, to search for poachers in Russian water bodies. As part of further research, it is planned to develop special software to support management decisions by GIMS employees when patrolling the water area.
Расчетно-экспериментальное определение фактических значений максимальной пропускной способности напорных пожарных рукавов 20-метровой длины с различными диаметрами условного прохода
Authors: Куртов С.О. , Малый В.П. , Коваль Ю.Н. 
Published: October 2024

В настоящей работе приведены материалы, связанные с расчетно-экспериментальным определением максимальной пропускной способности различных рукавов пожарных напорных, используемых для перекачки воды из АЦ, обеспечивающих подвоз воды – в головную АЦ. Полученные результаты предполагается использовать в практической и учебной деятельности для составления работоспособных и эффективных насосно-рукавных систем, в том числе для корректировки (совершенствования) существующей методики расчета необходимого количества пожарных автомобилей для организации бесперебойной подачи воды к месту тушения пожара способом подвоза.This paper presents materials related to the design and experimental determination of the maximum capacity of various fire pressure hoses used for pumping water from ACs providing water supply to the head AC. The obtained results are supposed to be used in practical and educational activities for the preparation of workable and effective pumping-hose systems, including the adjustment (improvement) of the existing methodology for calculating the required number of fire trucks to organize an uninterrupted supply of water to the place of fire extinguishing by means of delivery.
Информационная поддержка управления пожарными рисками сельских территорий
Authors: Ничепорчук В.В. , Кобыжакова C.В. 
Published: October 2024

Разработана структура информационных ресурсов для решения задачи повышения защищённости сельских и пригородных территорий от пожаров, включая планирование, обоснование и контроль мероприятий по выполнению требований пожарной безопасности в Российской Федерации. Для использования формализованных данных в процессах информационной поддержки формирования решений приведено краткое описание организационной модели управления. Совместное использование структурированных данных и сервисов интеллектуальной обработки позволит повысить эффективность функционирования органов управления в сфере обеспечения безопасности.
In this paper we suggest a new solution to the problem of increasing the protection for rural and suburban areas from fires is based on structuring information resources. This allows for effective planning, justification and control of activities to comply with fire safety requirements. The organizational management model shows the use of formalized data for information support of decision making. The joint use of structured data and intelligent processing services will improve the efficiency of governing for the territorial safety.