bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized photoluminescence of red phosphor Na2SnF6:Mn4+ as red phosphor in the application in “warm” white LEDs
Authors: Xi Luqing , Pan Yuexiao , Chen Xian , Huang Shaoming , Wu Mingmei 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Mn4+ activated fluostannate Na2SnF6 red phosphor was synthesized from starting materials metallic tin shots, NaF, and K2MnF6 in HF solution at room temperature by a two‐step method. The formation mechanism responsible for preparing Na2SnF6:Mn4+ (NSF:Mn) has been investigated. The influences of synthetic parameters: such as concentrations of HF and K2MnF6 in reaction system, reaction time, and temperature on crystallinity, microstructure, and luminescence intensity of NSF:Mn have been investigated based on detailed experimental results. The actual doping concentration of Mn4+ in the NSF:Mn host lattice is less than 0.12 mol%. The most of K2MnF6 is decomposed in HF solution especially in hydrothermal system at elevated temperatures. The color of the as‐prepared NSF:Mn samples changes from orange to white when the temperature is higher than 120°C, which indicates the lower concentration of luminescence centers in the crystals. A series of “warm” white light‐emitting diodes with color rendering index (CRI) higher than 88 and correlated color temperatures between 3146 and 5172 K were obtained by encapsulating the as‐prepared red phosphors NSF:Mn with yellow one Y3Al5O12:Ce3+ (YAG:Ce) on 450 nm blue InGaN chips. The advantage of the synthetic strategy to obtain NSF:Mn can be extended to developing Mn4+‐doped red phosphors from low‐costing metals at room temperature for large‐scale industrial applications.
Sintering‐induced delamination of thermal barrier coatings by gradient thermal cyclic test
Authors: Cheng Bo , Zhang Yu‐Ming , Yang Ning , Zhang Meng , Chen Lin , Yang Guan‐Jun , Li Cheng‐Xin , Li Chang‐Jiu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLifetime is crucial to the application of advanced thermal barrier coatings (TBCs), and proper lifetime evaluation methods should be developed to predict the service lifetime of TBCs precisely and efficiently. In this study, plasma‐sprayed YSZ TBCs were subjected to gradient thermal cyclic tests under different surface temperatures, with the aim of elucidating the correlation between the coating surface temperature and the thermal cyclic lifetime. Results showed that the thermal cyclic lifetime of TBCs decreased with the increasing of surface temperatures. However, the failure modes of these TBCs subjected to thermal cyclic tests were irrespective of different surface/BC temperatures, that is, sintering‐induced delamination of the top coat. The thickness of thermally grown oxide (TGO) was significantly less than the critical TGO thickness to result in the failure of TBCs through the delamination of top coat. There was no phase transformation of the top coat after failure. In contrast, in the case concerning the top coat surface of the failure specimens, the elastic modulus and microhardness increased to a comparable level due to sintering despite of the various thermal cyclic conditions. Consequently, it is conclusive that the failure of TBCs subjected to gradient thermal cyclic test was primarily induced by sintering during high‐temperature exposure. A delamination model with multilayer splats was developed to assist in understanding the failure mechanism of TBCs through sintering‐induced delamination of the top coat. Based on the above‐described results, this study should aid in facilitating the lifetime evaluation of the TBCs, which are on active service at relatively lower temperatures, by an accelerated thermal cyclic test at higher temperatures in laboratory conditions.
Al2O3·2SiO2 powders synthesized via sol–gel as pure raw material in geopolymer preparation
Authors: Catauro Michelina , Bollino Flavia , Cattaneo Alice Silvia , Mustarelli Piercarlo 
Published: February 2017

AbstractGeopolymers are inorganic aluminosilicates mainly proposed as environmentally friendly building materials, which are obtained by alkali activation of natural minerals, calcined clay (e.g., metakaolin) and other aluminosilicate sources. The wide range of chemical and mineralogical compositions of these raw materials influences several properties of the obtained geopolymers. In the present work, pure Al2O3·2SiO2 powders were synthesized via the sol–gel technique and proposed as pure aluminosilicate sources to prepare alkali activated geopolymers. Samples differing in the ratio between the SiO2 precursor and the H2O used in the sol–gel process were prepared, in order to study the effect of water content on the material structure and reactivity. The chemical structure of all the obtained Al2O3·2SiO2 powders were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (27Al and 29Si MAS NMR) spectroscopies and compared to that of a reference metakaolin. Moreover, material reactivity was evaluated by alkali activation of the samples. After 28 days of ageing, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR and FT‐IR spectra ascertained the formation of a geopolymeric network in the activated samples. The results showed that lower water content allows obtaining a homogeneous Al‐rich geopolymer similar to that obtained, using metakaolin as raw material.
Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio: a biomarker for predicting systemic involvement in adult IgA vasculitis patients
Authors: Nagy G.R. , Kemény L. , Bata‐Csörgő Z. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundIgA vasculitis (IgAV) is a small‐vessel leucocytoclastic cutaneous vasculitis, often associated with kidney and gastrointestinal (GI) manifestations. Although predictive factors for systemic involvement have been extensively studied in children, there is paucity in the literature regarding adult patients. Neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is an inflammatory marker, used to assess systemic inflammation in various diseases.ObjectiveWe sought to evaluate whether NLR can be used for predicting renal and GI involvement in adult IgA vasculitis patients.MethodsThis was a retrospective review of adult patients who were diagnosed with IgAV at our institution between 2004 and 2016.ResultsA total of 40 patients met our inclusion criteria. Half of the enrolled patients had clinical symptoms suggestive of systemic involvement, of which 6 (15%) had only renal, 3 (7.5%) had only GI and 11 (27.5%) had both renal and GI involvement. Pretreatment NLR was significantly associated with renal and/or GI manifestations of the disease (P < 0.001). The optimal cut‐off value of NLR, for predicting systemic involvement was 3.34, with a specificity of 95% and a sensitivity of 85%. In addition, pretreatment NLR was also found to be significantly correlated with the severity of the systemic manifestations of IgAV (P = 0.022).ConclusionThis study suggests that NLR is a potential indicator for prognosticating systemic involvement in adult IgAV.
Evaluating clinical, dietary, and psychological risk factors for relapse of ulcerative colitis in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission
Authors: Dhingra Rajan , Kedia Saurabh , Mouli Venigalla Pratap , Garg Sushil Kumar , Singh Namrata , Bopanna Sawan , Singla Vikas , Choudhury Bikash Narayan , Verma Prashant , Tiwari Veena , Gupta Siddhartha Datta , Makharia Govind , Ahuja Vineet 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and AimThe literature on possible factors that could trigger a relapse in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission on long‐term follow up is scarce. To determine the relapse rate in patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission and identify factors that may influence the risk of relapse.MethodsPatients with UC in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission were enrolled between January and July 2010 and followed up for 1 year to determine the effect of clinical, dietary, and psychological factors on relapse. Information regarding factors that may affect relapse such as infection, antibiotic, or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use and any other factor that the patient felt important and compliance with medications was obtained.ResultsNinety‐seven patients (59 males, mean age 39 ± 11.9 years) were followed up for a mean duration of 9 ± 2.3 months. Eighteen (18.6%) relapsed with the median time to relapse being 3.5 months. On univariate analysis, more relapsers had significantly higher NSAIDs use within 15 days of relapse, respiratory tract infection within 4 weeks, use of steroids more than once in past, higher consumption of calcium, riboflavin, and vitamin A, and lower consumption of sugars. On multivariate analysis, NSAIDs use (HR [95% CI]: 6.41 [1.88–21.9]) and intake of vitamin A (HR [95% CI]: 1.008 [1.000–1.016]) were statistically significant predictors of relapse.ConclusionWith a relapse rate of 18.6% over a follow up of 9 months in patients with UC in clinical, endoscopic, and histological remission, independent predictors of relapse were history of NSAIDs use within 15 days of relapse and higher intake of vitamin A.
Rab7A regulates tau secretion
Authors: Rodriguez Lilia , Mohamed Nguyen‐Vi , Desjardins Alexandre , Lippé Roger , Fon Edward A , Leclerc Nicole 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe axonal microtubule‐associated protein TAU, involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD), can be found in the extracellular space where it could be taken up by neurons, an event that is believed to contribute to the propagation of tau pathology in the brain. Since the small GTPase Rab7A is involved in the trafficking of endosomes, autophagosomes, and lysosomes, and RAB7A gene expression and protein levels are up‐regulated in AD patients, we tested the hypothesis that Rab7A was involved in tau secretion. We previously reported that both primary cortical neurons and HeLa cells over‐expressing human TAU can release tau. Using these two cellular systems, we demonstrated that Rab7A regulates tau secretion. Upon Rab7A deletion, tau secretion was decreased. Consistent with this, the over‐expression of a dominant negative and a constitutively active form of Rab7A decreased and increased tau secretion, respectively. A partial co‐localization of tau and Rab7‐positive structures in both neurons and HeLa cells indicated that a late endosomal compartment could be involved in its secretion. Collectively, the present data indicate that Rab7A regulates tau secretion and therefore the up‐regulation of RAB7A reported in AD, could contribute to the extracellular accumulation of pathological TAU species that could result in the propagation of tau pathology in the AD brain.
image
Influence of hyperglycemia on liver inflammatory conditions in the early phase of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice
Authors: Harada Shinichi , Miyagi Kei , Obata Tokio , Morimoto Yasuko , Nakamoto Kazuo , Kim Ke Ih , Kim Soo Ki , Kim Soo Ryang , Tokuyama Shogo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objectives
A non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has high prevalence and now important issue of public health. In general, there exists strong interaction between NAFLD and diabetes, but the detailed mechanism is unclear. In this study, we determined the effects of hyperglycemia on progression in the early phase of NAFLD in mice.

Methods
Male ddY mice were fed a choline-deficient, l-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD) consisting of 60% of kcal from fat and 0.1% methionine by weight. Hyperglycemic condition was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) treatment. The assessment of liver function used serum AST and ALT levels, and histological analysis. Hepatic tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA levels was estimated by qRT-PCR.

Key findings
During the 3–42 days that the mice were fed CDAHFD, the livers gradually caused accumulation of fat, and infiltration of inflammation cells gradually increased. Serum AST and ALT levels and significantly increased after being fed CDAHFD for 3 days and were exacerbated by the STZ-induced hyperglycemic condition. In addition, hepatic TNF-α mRNA also significantly increased. These phenomena reversed by insulin administration.

Conclusions
The results showed that progression in the early phase of NAFLD may be exacerbated by hyperglycemia-induced exacerbation of inflammation.
Association between central sleep apnea and left ventricular structure: the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Javaheri Sogol , Sharma Ravi K. , Bluemke David A. , Redline Susan 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWe assessed whether the presence of central sleep apnea is associated with adverse left ventricular structural changes. We analysed 1412 participants from the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis who underwent both overnight polysomnography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. Subjects had been recruited 10 years earlier when free of cardiovascular disease. Our main exposure is the presence of central sleep apnea as defined by central apnea–hypopnea index = 5 or the presence of Cheyne–Stokes breathing. Outcome variables were left ventricular mass/height, left ventricular ejection fraction, and left ventricular mass/volume ratio. Multivariate linear regression models adjusted for age, gender, race, waist circumference, tobacco use, hypertension, and the obstructive apnea–hypopnea index were fit for the outcomes. Of the 1412 participants, 27 (2%) individuals had central sleep apnea. After adjusting for covariates, the presence of central sleep apnea was significantly associated with elevated left ventricular mass/volume ratio (β = 0.11 ± 0.04 g mL−1, P = 0.0071), an adverse cardiac finding signifying concentric remodelling.
Complicating canons: a critical literacy challenge to common core assessment
Authors: Peel Anne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe widespread adoption of the Common Core State Standards in the US has prioritized rigorous reading of complex texts. The emphasis on text complexity has led to instructional and assessment materials that constrain critical literacy practices by emphasizing quantitative features of text, such as sentence length, and a static list of text exemplars over the critical lens of the reader. Assessments like the PARCC, designed to align with nationalized standards, create the impression that complex texts are synonymous with a homogenized literary canon. A critical analysis of the texts and questions included in the first administration of the PARCC assessment reveals that the PARCC excludes both diverse authors and critical, rigorous reading practices. Research demonstrates that many literary curricula and classroom activities are strongly influenced by standardized tests; therefore, I argue for a definition of rigorous reading that supports critical literacy pedagogy and opposes the narrowing definitions of rigor and complexity that are asserted by the Common Core and PARCC.
Transcriptome analysis of root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)‐infected tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) roots reveals complex gene expression profiles and metabolic networks of both host and nematode during susceptible and resistance responses
Authors: Shukla Neha , Yadav Rachita , Kaur Pritam , Rasmussen Simon , Goel Shailendra , Agarwal Manu , Jagannath Arun , Gupta Ramneek , Kumar Amar 
Published: February 2017

SummaryRoot‐knot nematodes (RKNs, Meloidogyne incognita) are economically important endoparasites with a wide host range. We used a comprehensive transcriptomic approach to investigate the expression of both tomato and RKN genes in tomato roots at five infection time intervals from susceptible plants and two infection time intervals from resistant plants, grown under soil conditions. Differentially expressed genes during susceptible (1827, tomato; 462, RKN) and resistance (25, tomato; 160, RKN) interactions were identified. In susceptible responses, tomato genes involved in cell wall structure, development, primary and secondary metabolite, and defence signalling pathways, together with RKN genes involved in host parasitism, development and defence, are discussed. In resistance responses, tomato genes involved in secondary metabolite and hormone‐mediated defence responses, together with RKN genes involved in starvation stress‐induced apoptosis, are discussed. In addition, 40 novel differentially expressed RKN genes encoding secretory proteins were identified. Our findings provide novel insights into the temporal regulation of genes involved in various biological processes from tomato and RKN simultaneously during susceptible and resistance responses, and reveal the involvement of a complex network of biosynthetic pathways during disease development.
Identification and molecular epidemiology of dermatophyte isolates by repetitive‐sequence‐PCR‐based DNA fingerprinting using the DiversiLab system in Turkey
Authors: Koc A. Nedret , Atalay Mustafa A. , Inci Melek , Sariguzel Fatma M. , Sav Hafize 
Published: February 2017

SummaryDermatophyte species, isolation and identification in clinical samples are still difficult and take a long time. The identification and molecular epidemiology of dermatophytes commonly isolated in a clinical laboratory in Turkey by repetitive sequence‐based PCR (rep‐PCR) were assessed by comparing the results with those of reference identification. A total of 44 dermatophytes isolated from various clinical specimens of 20 patients with superficial mycoses in Kayseri and 24 patients in Hatay were studied. The identification of dermatophyte isolates was based on the reference identification and rep‐PCR using the DiversiLab System (BioMerieux). The genotyping of dermatophyte isolates from different patients was determined by rep‐PCR. In the identification of dermatophyte isolates, agreement between rep‐PCR and conventional methods was 87.8 % ( 36 of 41). The dermatophyte strains belonged to four clones (A ‐D) which were determined by the use of rep‐PCR. The dermatophyte strains in Clone B, D showed identical patterns with respect to the region. In conclusion, rep‐PCR appears to be useful for evaluation of the identification and clonal relationships between Trichophyton rubrum species complex and Trichophyton mentagrophytes species complex isolates. The similarity and diversity of these isolates may be assessed according to different regions by rep‐PCR.
Pathogenicity and virulence gene content of Xanthomonas strains infecting Araceae, formerly known as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae
Authors: Constantin E. C. , Haegeman A. , Van Vaerenbergh J. , Baeyen S. , Van Malderghem C. , Maes M. , Cottyn B. 
Published: February 2017

Bacterial leaf blight of aroids is caused by a heterogeneous group of xanthomonads listed as Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. dieffenbachiae (Xad) on the EPPO A2 quarantine list. Recently, Xad strains were shown not to belong to X. axonopodis but to the species X. citri, X. phaseoli and X. euvesicatoria. Here, to verify the pathovar designation, 11 representative strains were tested for pathogenicity on six aroid genera. They had overlapping host ranges and only the strain isolated from Syngonium showed host specificity. The X. citri strains, isolated from various hosts, showed dissimilarity in virulence to the tested aroid genera. The X. phaseoli strains, isolated from Anthurium and Syngonium, were generally more virulent and, additionally, induced systemic infections. The X. euvesicatoria strains, isolated from Philodendron, were scored as not pathogenic on the tested aroids. Four representative strains were genome sequenced and showed a variable virulence‐associated gene content. Pathogenicity to aroids was correlated with the presence of three specific T3 effector genes and with a T6SS gene sequence. Together, the phylogenetic and pathogenic differentiation among Xad strains justifies the installation of three pathovar epithets for the pathogens on aroids: X. phaseoli pv. dieffenbachiae comb. nov. for the strains isolated from Anthurium; X. phaseoli pv. syngonii comb. nov. for the strain isolated from Syngonium; and X. citri pv. aracearum comb. nov. for the strains isolated from Aglaonema, Xanthosoma and Dieffenbachia. It is proposed that phytosanitary regulations for xanthomonads on aroids are restricted to these three pathovars.
Brain electrical activity signatures during performance of the Multisource Interference Task
Authors: González‐Villar Alberto J. , Carrillo‐de‐la‐Peña Maria T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Multisource Interference Task (MSIT) was developed to test cognitive control in normal and pathological conditions and has become a reliable tool for exploring the integrity of cingulo‐frontal‐parietal cognitive/attentional networks in fMRI studies. Analysis of EEG recordings made during performance of the MSIT may provide additional information about the temporal dynamics of cognitive control. However, this has not yet been investigated in depth. In this study, we analyzed the ERPs and carried out time‐frequency decomposition of EEG recorded during control and interference conditions of the MSIT. The N2 ERP component and midfrontal theta power (both considered neural signatures of conflict processing) were significantly larger in interference than in control trials. Theta also showed higher phase synchronization between midfrontal and right frontolateral scalp locations in the interference condition, supporting the view that this frequency band entrains additional brain resources when a need for greater control arises. In interference trials, we also observed longer P3 latency, larger P3 amplitude, and greater reduction of posterior alpha (modulations related to allocation of attentional resources), in addition to a greater reduction of central beta power (related to motor preparation). In conclusion, the MSIT reliably modulated brain electrical activity related to cognitive control and attention. The EEG indices obtained during the performance of this task may be useful for exploring the functioning of cognitive/attentional networks in healthy and clinical populations.
Error monitoring and empathy: Explorations within a neurophysiological context
Authors: Amiruddin Azhani , Fueggle Simone N. , Nguyen An T. , Gignac Gilles E. , Clunies‐Ross Karen L. , Fox Allison M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPast literature has proposed that empathy consists of two components: cognitive and affective empathy. Error monitoring mechanisms indexed by the error‐related negativity (ERN) have been associated with empathy. Studies have found that a larger ERN is associated with higher levels of empathy. We aimed to expand upon previous work by investigating how error monitoring relates to the independent theoretical domains of cognitive and affective empathy. Study 1 (N = 24) explored the relationship between error monitoring mechanisms and subcomponents of empathy using the Questionnaire of Cognitive and Affective Empathy and found no relationship. Study 2 (N = 38) explored the relationship between the error monitoring mechanisms and overall empathy. Contrary to past findings, there was no evidence to support a relationship between error monitoring mechanisms and scores on empathy measures. A subsequent meta‐analysis (Study 3, N = 125) summarizing the relationship across previously published studies together with the two studies reported in the current paper indicated that overall there was no significant association between ERN and empathy and that there was significant heterogeneity across studies. Future investigations exploring the potential variables that may moderate these relationships are discussed.