bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Transformative Impact of Blended Mobility Courses
Authors: Purg Peter , Širok Klemen , Brasil Daniela 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSeveral pedagogical assets of the blended‐learning courses conducted within the ADRIART.net partnership originate from their novel site‐specific approach and intercultural value. Conducted outside school environments across Austria, Croatia, Italy and Slovenia in 2011–2014, over a dozen of these intensive Master's programme workshops mixed students and mentors from different cultural and professional backgrounds, intersecting the realms of film, new media, photography, performance, architecture and contemporary art. These short‐term academic mobility courses concluded with public exhibitions, screenings or performances, often at eminent cultural venues or in public spaces pertaining to the site‐specific character of each course. This article discusses key issues that proved beneficial for conceiving and implementing this fruitful academic collaboration format. Several curricular and organisational solutions are presented that increased the positive impact on students as well as other stakeholders in this project‐based pedagogical piloting of the Media Arts and Practices international Master's programme. Set against its curriculum‐development framework, the article examines new methodological solutions, joint mentoring models and group dynamics management, as well as some specific logistical issues. Next to developing relevant employment skills and attitudes, such production‐oriented, but process‐aware course designs offer timely academic provisions as a response to a ‘glocalised’ world. More importantly, these course designs can also foster students' engagement with the actual (social, economic, natural, political) environment and the development of life‐long learning habits.
Selective pressure modulation of synaptic voltage‐dependent calcium channels—involvement in HPNS mechanism
Authors: Aviner Ben , Gradwohl Gideon , Bliznyuk Alice , Grossman Yoram 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExposure to hyperbaric pressure (HP) exceeding 100 msw (1.1 MPa) is known to cause a constellation of motor and cognitive impairments named high‐pressure neurological syndrome (HPNS), considered to be the result of synaptic transmission alteration. Long periods of repetitive HP exposure could be an occupational risk for professional deep‐sea divers. Previous studies have indicated the modulation of presynaptic Ca2+ currents based on synaptic activity modified by HP. We have recently demonstrated that currents in genetically identified cellular voltage‐dependent Ca2+ channels (VDCCs), CaV1.2 and CaV3.2 are selectively affected by HP. This work further elucidates the HPNS mechanism by examining HP effect on Ca2+ currents in neuronal VDCCs, CaV2.2 and CaV2.1, which are prevalent in presynaptic terminals, expressed in Xenopus oocytes. HP augmented the CaV2.2 current amplitude, much less so in a channel variation containing an additional modulatory subunit, and had almost no effect on the CaV2.1 currents. HP differentially affected the channels' kinetics. It is, therefore, suggested that HPNS signs and symptoms arise, at least in part, from pressure modulation of various VDCCs.
Clinical management of urticaria using omalizumab: the first licensed biological therapy available for chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Giménez‐Arnau A. M. , Toubi E. , Marsland A. M. , Maurer M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis supplement reports proceedings of the second international Global Urticaria Forum, which was held in Berlin, Germany in November 2015. Omalizumab is approved for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in adult and adolescent (12 years and above) patients with inadequate response to/who remain symptomatic despite H1‐antihistamine treatment, and has demonstrated good efficacy and safety in the clinical trial setting. Real‐life clinical experience with omalizumab can be explored to address important practical questions relating to its use in CSU patients. Some experts have proposed that a consensus algorithm, covering various aspects to consider when using omalizumab in real‐life clinical practice for the management of CSU, could answer many of these questions.
British Dietetic Association systematic review and evidence‐based practice guidelines for the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome in adults (2016 update)
Authors: McKenzie Y. A. , Bowyer R. K. , Leach H. , Gulia P. , Horobin J. , O'Sullivan N. A. , Pettitt C. , Reeves L. B. , Seamark L. , Williams M. , Thompson J. , Lomer M. C. E. ,   (IBS Dietetic Guideline Review Group on behalf of Gastroenterology Specialist Group of the British Dietetic Association)
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe first British Dietetic Association (BDA) guidelines for the dietary management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults were published in 2012. Subsequently, there has been a wealth of new research. The aim of this work was to systematically review the evidence for the role of diet in the management of IBS and to update the guidelines.MethodsTwelve questions relating to diet and IBS were defined based on review of the previous guideline questions, current evidence and clinical practice. Chosen topics were on healthy eating and lifestyle (alcohol, caffeine, spicy food, elimination diets, fat and fluid intakes and dietary habits), milk and dairy, dietary fibre, fermentable carbohydrates, gluten, probiotics and elimination diets/food hypersensitivity. Data sources were CINAHL, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, Medline, Scopus and Web of Science up to October 2015. Studies were assessed independently in duplicate using risk of bias tools specific to each included study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria for each question. National Health and Medical Research Council grading evidence levels were used to develop evidence statements and recommendations, in accordance with Practice‐based Evidence in Nutrition Global protocol used by the BDA.ResultsEighty‐six studies were critically appraised to generate 46 evidence statements, 15 clinical recommendations and four research recommendations. The IBS dietary algorithm was simplified to first‐line (healthy eating, provided by any healthcare professional) and second‐line [low FODMAP (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols) to be provided by dietitian] dietary advice.ConclusionsThese guidelines provide updated comprehensive evidence‐based details to achieve the successful dietary management of IBS in adults.
Deep brain stimulation mechanisms: the control of network activity via neurochemistry modulation
Authors: McIntyre Cameron C. , Anderson Ross W. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDeep brain stimulation (DBS) has revolutionized the clinical care of late‐stage Parkinson's disease and shows promise for improving the treatment of intractable neuropsychiatric disorders. However, after over 25 years of clinical experience, numerous questions still remain on the neurophysiological basis for the therapeutic mechanisms of action. At their fundamental core, the general purpose of electrical stimulation therapies in the nervous system are to use the applied electric field to manipulate the opening and closing of voltage‐gated sodium channels on neurons, generate stimulation induced action potentials, and subsequently, control the release of neurotransmitters in targeted pathways. Historically, DBS mechanisms research has focused on characterizing the effects of stimulation on neurons and the resulting impact on neuronal network activity. However, when electrodes are placed within the central nervous system, glia are also being directly (and indirectly) influenced by the stimulation. Mounting evidence shows that non‐neuronal tissue can play an important role in modulating the neurochemistry changes induced by DBS. The goal of this review is to evaluate how DBS effects on both neuronal and non‐neuronal tissue can potentially work together to suppress oscillatory activity (and/or information transfer) between brain regions. These resulting effects of ~ 100 Hz electrical stimulation help explain how DBS can disrupt pathological network activity in the brain and generate therapeutic effects in patients.
imageDeep brain stimulation is an effective clinical technology, but detailed therapeutic mechanisms remain undefined. This review provides an overview of the leading hypotheses, which focus on stimulation‐induced disruption of network oscillations and integrates possible roles for non‐neuronal tissue in explaining the clinical response to therapeutic stimulation.This article is part of a special issue on Parkinson disease.
Brain Herniation into Arachnoid Granulations: Clinical and Neuroimaging Features
Authors: Liebo Greta B. , Lane John (Jack) I. , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Eckel Laurence J. , Schwartz Kara M. , Lehman Vance T. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND/PURPOSEBrain herniation into presumed arachnoid granulations (BHAG) is an increasingly recognized entity. Though it has previously been described as isointense to brain matter on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we have encountered 21 cases in our clinical practice, many of which have signal abnormality in the herniated or adjacent parenchyma. We performed a systematic analysis on these cases to further understand the clinical significance.METHODSThis is a retrospective analysis of cases collected from our clinical MRI practice. Each case was evaluated for location, size, lobe of origin, associated signal abnormality, symptoms, and the presence or absence of intracranial hypertension.RESULTSTwenty‐one cases of BHAG identified in 16 patients. Seven cases (7/21, 33%) demonstrated signal abnormality in the herniated or underlying parenchyma. On serial imaging, the size of herniation either fluctuated (2/10, 20%) or stayed the same (8/10, 80%). The associated signal abnormalities increased (1/5, 20%), decreased (1/5, 20%), or remained stable (3/5, 60%). Four patients (4/16, 25%) had signs/symptoms that could be associated with the BHAG. Ten patients (10/16, 63%) had either imaging findings or clinical signs that could be associated with intracranial hypertension.CONCLUSIONIn contrast to previously reported cases, our study demonstrates that BHAG can be associated with MRI signal abnormalities of the herniated and adjacent brain. Symptoms are typically absent, though may be present in a small subset of patients, regardless of the presence of signal change or encephalomalacia of the involved brain. Indirect evidence of intracranial hypertension is present in a majority of patients but completely lacking in others.
A biphasic calcium phosphate coating for potential drug delivery affects early osseointegration of titanium implants
Authors: Kämmerer Till A. , Palarie Victor , Schiegnitz Eik , Topalo Valentin , Schröter Andrea , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundCalcium phosphate (CaP) surface coatings may accelerate osseointegration and serve as a drug delivery system for mineral‐binding biomolecules. In a pilot study, the impact of a commercially available, thin CaP coating on early osseous bone remodeling was compared with a modern, subtractive‐treated rough surface (SLA‐like) in an animal trial.MethodsIn 16 rabbits, 32 endosseous implants (CaP; n = 16, SLA‐like; n = 16) were bilaterally inserted in the proximal tibia after randomization. After 2 and 4 weeks, bone‐implant contact (BIC;%) in the cortical (cBIC) and the trabecular bone (sBIC) as well as volume of bone within the screw thread with the highest amount of new‐formed bone (area;%) were analyzed.ResultsAfter 2 weeks, cBIC was significantly higher for CaP when compared with SLA‐like (58 ± 7% versus 40.4 ± 18%; P = 0.021). sBIC for CaP was 14.7 ± 8% and for SLA‐like 7.2 ± 7.8% (P = 0.081). For area, the mean volumes were 82.8 ± 10.8% for CaP and 73.6 ± 22% for SLA‐like (P = 0.311). After 4 weeks, cBIC was 42.9 ± 13% for the CaP and 46.5 ± 29.1% for the SLA‐like group (P = 0.775). An sBIC of 6.9 ± 9.3% was calculated for CaP and of 12.3 ± 4.8% for SLA‐like (P = 0.202). The values for area were 62.3 ± 24.1% for CaP and 50.1 ± 25.9% for SLA‐like (P = 0.379).ConclusionsThe CaP coating has putative additional advantages in the early osseoconduction phases. It seems suitable for a feasible and clinical applicable bioactivation.
Happy Now, Tired Later? Extraverted and Conscientious Behavior Are Related to Immediate Mood Gains, but to Later Fatigue
Authors: Leikas Sointu , Ilmarinen Ville‐Juhani 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveExperience sampling studies on Big Five–related behavior show that people display the whole spectrum of each trait in their daily behavior, and that desirable Big Five states—especially state Extraversion—are related to positive mood. However, other research lines suggest that extraverted and conscientious behavior may be mentally depleting. The present research examined this possibility by extending the time frame of the measured personality processes.MethodA 12‐day experience sampling study (N = 48; observations = 2,328) measured Big Five states, mood, stress, and fatigue five times a day.ResultsExtraverted and conscientious behavior were concurrently related to positive mood and lower fatigue, but to higher fatigue after a 3‐hour delay. These relations were not moderated by personality traits. The relation between extraverted behavior and delayed fatigue was mediated by the number of people the person had encountered. Whether the person had a goal mediated the relation between conscientious behavior and delayed fatigue.ConclusionExtraverted and conscientious behavior predict mental depletion after a 3‐hour delay. The results help reconcile previous findings regarding the consequences of state Extraversion and provide novel information about the consequences of state Conscientiousness.
Polymorphism in promoter region of growth hormone receptor is associated with potential production capacity of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 in pre‐pubertal Holstein heifers
Authors: Kawashima C. , Munakata M. , Matsui M. , Miyamoto A. , Kida K. , Shimizu T. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryInsulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) is one of the important factors for growth, milk production and reproductive functions and mainly released from the liver in response to growth hormone (GH) via GH receptor (GHR) in cattle. Recently, some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the bovine GHR gene. Some GHR‐SNPs were shown to be related to plasma IGF‐1 concentration in cattle. Hence, the capacity to IGF‐1 production in the liver might be affected by GHR‐SNP and associated with performance in the future. This study examined whether GHR‐SNP is associated with IGF‐1 production in the liver of pre‐pubertal heifers. In 71 Holstein calves, blood samples for genomic DNA extraction were obtained immediately after birth. To genotype the GHR‐SNPs in the promoter region, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products were digested with restriction enzyme NsiI (cutting sites: AA, AG and GG). All heifers at 4 months of age were intramuscularly injected with 0.4 mg oestradiol benzoate. Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein just before (0 h) and 24 h after injection. The number of AA, AG and GG at the NsiI site was 0, 17 and 54 respectively. In AG and GG, plasma GH concentrations were higher pre‐injection than 24 h post‐injection (p < 0.01). Moreover, plasma GH concentrations in AG post‐injection were higher than in GG (p < 0.05). In contrast, the GG genotype exhibited higher plasma IGF‐1 concentrations in pre‐injection than post‐injection (p < 0.01), although oestradiol did not change IGF‐1 concentration in the AG genotype. We conclude that the GG polymorphism in the promoter region of GHR is associated with a higher potential capacity of IGF‐1 production in the liver of cattle.
Lack of glucuronidation products of trans‐resveratrol in plasma and urine of cats
Authors: Burnett K. , Puschner B. , Ramsey J. J. , Lin Y. , Wei A. , Fascetti A. J. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryResveratrol has generated interest in cats due to reported health benefits. Cats have low activity of β‐glucuronidase, and we hypothesized they could not form two common resveratrol metabolites, resveratrol‐3‐O‐glucuronide and resveratrol‐4′‐O‐glucuronide. Resveratrol, 3 mg/cat/day, was given orally to intact male (n = 5) and female cats (n = 5) for 4 weeks. A control group (8 intact males) was used for comparison. Plasma and urine were collected weekly and analysed using high‐pressure liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Resveratrol and resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulphate, but no glucuronide metabolites, were detected in plasma and urine. Median (range 10–90th percentile) plasma resveratrol for control and treatment groups was 0.46 ng/ml (0.02–1.74 ng/ml) and 0.96 ng/ml (0.65–3.21 ng/ml). Median (range) plasma resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulphate for control and treatment groups was 6.32 ng/ml (2.55–10.29 ng/ml) and 11.45 ng/ml (1.47–53.29 ng/ml). Plasma resveratrol differed from control in week 4, while plasma resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulphate was different in all weeks (p < 0.05). Median (range) urine resveratrol for control and treatment groups was 0.28 ng/ml (0.05–1.59 ng/ml) and 19.98 ng/ml (8.44–87.54 ng/ml). Median (range) urine resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulphate for control and treatment groups was 26.71 ng/ml (10.50–75.58 ng/ml) and 108.69 ng/ml (11.83–231.05 ng/ml). All time points for urine resveratrol and resveratrol‐3‐O‐sulphate were significantly different from control (p < 0.05), except for weeks 1, 3 and 4 for resveratrol. The results support our hypothesis that cats are unlikely able to glucuronidate resveratrol, most likely due to a reduction in the activity of β‐glucuronidase.
Effects of different levels of sanguinarine on antioxidant indices, immunological responses, ileal microbial counts and jejunal morphology of laying hens fed diets with different levels of crude protein
Authors: Bavarsadi M. , Mahdavi A. H. , Ansari‐Mahyari S. , Jahanian E. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis study was carried out to assess the effects of different levels of sanguinarine on antioxidant indices, immunological responses, serum biochemical parameters, ileal microbial counts and jejunal morphology of laying hens fed on diets with different levels of crude protein (CP). A total of 180 laying hens were subjected into nine dietary treatments with four cages of five birds each. Experimental treatments consisted of three levels of CP (85.0, 92.5 and 100% of Hy‐Line W36 manual recommendation) and three levels of sanguinarine (0.00, 3.75 and 7.50 mg/kg) as a 3 × 3 factorial arrangement of laying hens which fed during a 70‐day feeding trial. The in vitro study showed that sanguinarine exhibited sevenfold and threefold decreased antioxidant activities to inhibit 2‐2‐diphenyl‐1‐picric hydrazyl free radical as well as ferric ion reducing rather than butylated hydroxyl toluene. Although using the decremental levels of CP caused the increase in heterophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.01), dietary administration of sanguinarine could suppress the serum cholesterol and malondialdehyde concentrations as well as heterophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (p < 0.05). Additionally, decreasing CP content resulted in the decreased percentage of albumin (p < 0.05); however, it had no negative effects on humoral immunity. Nonetheless, feeding of at least 3.75 mg/kg sanguinarine led to the remarkable increases in serum gamma globulin concentration (p < 0.01) and secondary (p < 0.05) antibody titres against sheep red blood cells. Moreover, a decline in dietary CP content led to higher villi height and crypt depth (p < 0.05; p < 0.001) and consequently decreased villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio (p < 0.001) than the optimum level (100% CP). In spite of the effects of sanguinarine on the suppression of Escherichia coli and Salmonella counts (p < 0.05), it markedly enhanced villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio as well as lamina propria lymphatic follicles extent, simultaneously (p < 0.001). Therefore, in spite of the detrimental effects of feeding low‐CP diets on lymphocytes and serum albumin percentages, and villi height‐to‐crypt depth ratio, the administration of incremental levels of sanguinarine could improve cellular and humoral immunity, decrease ileal microbial counts and in turn improve the intestinal health indices in laying hens.
Effect of pre‐ and post‐partum supplementation with lipid‐encapsulated conjugated linoleic acid on milk yield and metabolic status in multiparous high‐producing dairy cows
Authors: Galamb E. , Faigl V. , Keresztes M. , Csillik Z. , Tröscher A. , Elek P. , Kulcsár M. , Huszenicza G. , Fébel H. , Husvéth F. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryWe evaluated the lactation performance, liver lipid content and plasma metabolites indicating the energy balance of dairy cows supplemented with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) pre‐ and post‐partum (PP) vs. only PP. A total of 60 cows were divided into three groups (n = 20). Daily diet of cows was supplemented with 14 g of CLA (7 g cis‐9, trans‐11 and 7 g trans‐10, cis‐12 isomers) from week 3 before the expected date of calving (group CLA1), or from the day of calving (group CLA2) until 77–91 days PP. Control cows were fed an isocaloric, isonitrogenous and isolipidic diet without CLA. Between week 3 and week 6 PP, the milk yield of cows in both CLA‐treated groups was approximately 4.5 kg higher (p < 0.05) than in control. Milk fat concentrations decreased from week 3 and were lower in both CLA groups than in control (p < 0.01). Body condition score loss was lower (p < 0.05) in the CLA1 than in the control group on week 5 PP. By week 11 PP, the body condition of both CLA1 and CLA2 groups exceeded that of control. Plasma non‐esterified fatty acid was lower in CLA1 compared to CLA2 and control during the early PP period (p < 0.05), while this difference faded away by the late PP period. Beta‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) increased rapidly in all groups following calving. In CLA1 group, it began to decrease sooner than in CLA2 and control. The prevalence of subclinical ketosis (BHBA > 1.2 mm) was lower in CLA1 group than in CLA2 and control (p < 0.05). Liver biopsy analyses showed that CLA1 treatment decreased (p < 0.05) the total lipid content of liver compared to control at week 5 after calving. Our results show that CLA supplementation is more efficient in alleviating body mass mobilization and decreasing the incidence of subclinical ketosis when applied as early as 3 weeks before calving than started feeding after calving.