bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maladaptive and addictive Internet use in zagazig university students, Egypt
Authors: Abdelghani M. , El-Deen G. Salah 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundInternet use has increased broadly worldwide. There are growing concerns about problematic Internet use (PIU) among youth. Among undergraduate students, excessive Internet use can adversely affect their interpersonal relations and academic achievements.AimTo estimate the prevalence of PIU among Zagazig university students, and to identify the possible associations between sociodemographic and Internet-related factors and PIU.MethodsA cross-sectional study included a total of 732 undergraduate students, aged 17–34 years, from various colleges in Zagazig University. Participants were randomly selected and assessed for their internet use and abuse using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), along with a semi-structured questionnaire for sociodemographic and Internet-related factors.ResultsMaladaptive Internet use was found in 37.4% of respondents, and addictive Internet use was found in 4.1% of respondents. Logistic regression showed the predictors of PIU were: using the Internet throughout the day (OR 3.34, 95% CI: 1.75, 6.38), the number of hours spent daily using the Internet (OR 1.17, 95% CI: 1.10, 1.25), the number of days/week using the Internet (OR 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.58), accessing the Internet using multiple devices (OR 1.55, 95% CI: 1.21, 1.98), and accessing the Internet both indoors and outdoors (OR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.19).ConclusionThis is the first prevalence study of PIU at an Egyptian university. PIU was common among university students. Addressing this issue and its predictors could eventually help to enhance academic performance and achievement among those students.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Mental health and human rights in Morocco: The urgent need for new policy
Authors: Aroui C. , Khoubila A. , Alami K. Mchichi , Agoub M. , Battas O. , Moussaoui D. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAll over the world, there is global emergency when it comes to respecting human rights in providing good mental health services. Morocco as an African and a developing country has always had a mental health policy defined by several glitches and failures, which had not helped him improve its mental health services quality. Nevertheless, huge improvements were achieved through time.ObjectivesThis report, aims to draw attention on how compulsory it is to think and act all together to promote mental health and provide patients with better health services in Morocco.MethodsThe National Human Rights Council conducted an information and investigation mission in Morocco's main mental health hospitals and facilities between March 27 and July 6, 2012.ResultsStructures are insufficient and inadequate in terms of geographical distribution, architecture and equipment. There is a big shortage of medical and paramedical staff and little interest is given to vulnerable groups. Nevertheless, huge improvements have also been achieved through time with mental health issues becoming a cornerstone of the ministerial program, the involvement of the NGOs, the construction of newer facilities, the implementation of an information gathering system and the presence of a substance use policy.ConclusionPsychiatry in Morocco has come a long way since it was firstly implemented in the country as a medical specialty. Undoubtedly, a lot has been done but much more remains to be achieved. The current situation requires relevant actions and that clearly includes the implementation of a new mental health policy and the update of the legal framework.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Epidemiological study of disability from mental disorders in children and adolescents population in Saratov region in 2000–2014
Authors: Barylnik Y. , Popkov V. , Filippova N. , Abrosimova Y. , Kolesnichenko E. , Pakhomova S. , Samoilova D. , Antonova A. , Bachilo E. , Deeva M. , Sizov S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionChildren and Teenager's disability is an extremely important medical and social problem, being very characteristic of the state of public health in the country and the level of social well-being of society.ObjectivesAn epidemiological study of the structure of disability due to mental disorders in children and adolescent population of the Saratov region for the period from 2000 to 2014.MethodsThe analysis of the statistical data reporting forms “Information on the health care system” and “Information on the groups of the mentally ill” in the Saratov region in 2000–2014 by epidemiological, demographic and mathematical-statistical methods.ResultsNumber of children and adolescents (0–17 years), recognized as disabled by mental illness, increased both in absolute numbers (growth rate-12.86%), and the intensive indicators (49.88%). Increasing the number of disabled children and adolescents registered in schizophrenia, schizoaffective psychosis, schizotypal disorder, affective psychosis with delusions incongruent the affect. The most significant increase is observed in the group of chronic nonorganic and childhood psychoses. In epilepsy and mental retardation in the analyzed period was a slight decrease in total disability.ConclusionsThe most significant increase in disability in the group of chronic nonorganic and childhood psychosis, most likely due not only to a true increase in morbidity and disability, but also with a great attention of both the public and the country's health services to the problems of childhood autism and, as a consequence, greater detection of children with this category of disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The impact of stigma and discrimination on the quality of life and social disability in persons with a diagnosis of mental disorder. A pilot study
Authors: Gondek T.M. , Kotowicz K. , Kiejna A. 
Published: June 2017

Stigma and discrimination of persons diagnosed with mental disorder is a common issue. In many European countries, research studies on the prevalence and implications of this problem are conducted in order to better understand how to overcome it. In Poland, there is a scarcity of such studies, what results in neglecting this issue by the policy makers. The objective of the study is to assess the prevalence of stigma and discrimination affecting the patients hospitalized in psychiatric day units and in-patient wards between 2016–2017 as well as to analyze the relationship between the stigma and the quality of life and social disability in persons with a mental disorder diagnosis of F20–F48 according to ICD-10, aged 18–65, in a day ward and an in-patient ward settings. The pilot study presents the data gathered from a preliminary sample of 20 patients of both genders diagnosed with the aforementioned mental disorders, equaling 10 per cent of the targeted total study sample. The quality of life is assessed with WHOQOL-Bref, WHO-5 questionnaire and Rosenberg self-esteem scale, while social disability is measured with the second version of the Groningen Social Disabilities Schedule. The assessment of the impact of stigma on the social disability of persons with mental disorders and their quality of life can be useful in the context of developing evidence-based interventions for these persons, while it could also provide the scientific data to support public information campaigns aiming at tackling the stigma against persons with mental disorders in Poland.Disclosure of InterestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Social stigma in severe mental illness in Tunisia: Clinical and socio-demographic correlates
Authors: Ouali U. , Jomli R. , Nefzi R. , Ouertani H. , Nacef F. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMental patients generally internalize some of the negative conceptions about how most people view them: they might be considered incompetent or untrustworthy or believe that people would not want to hire, or marry someone with mental illness. A lot of research on stigma has been conducted in western countries; however, little is still known on the situation in Arab-Muslim societies.ObjectivesTo evaluate social stigma as viewed by patients suffering from severe mental illness (SMI)MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study on clinically stabilized patients with schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (BD) according to DSM IV, who were interviewed in our out-patients clinic with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire, containing 8 opinions on the social inclusion and stigmatization of psychiatric patients, with special reference to the local cultural context (e.g.: “It is better to hide mental illness in order to preserve the reputation of my family”)ResultsWe included 104 patients, 51% with schizophrenia and 49% with BD. Mean age was 38.4 years (18–74 years); 59.6% were males. Overall social stigma scores were high. Social stigma in patients was correlated with gender, age, place of residence and diagnosis. Patients with BD showed significantly less social stigma than patients with schizophrenia.ConclusionOur results show the need for a better understanding of this phenomenon in patients with SMI, but also within Tunisian society, in order to elaborate anti stigma strategies adapted to the local context.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence of tobacco smoking among school teachers in Greece
Authors: Liozidou A. , Fragkoulakis M. , Papazisis G. , Tzortzi A. , Behrakis P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionTeachers serve as models for young people and significantly influence their health behavior.AimWe were interested in conducting the first epidemiological survey about tobacco smoking among Greek teachers.MethodsA total of 1032 teachers of the two biggest cities of Greece participated in the study. A questionnaire was created to include questions regarding tobacco smoking, history of tobacco use, nicotine dependence as well as health attitudes. Frequencies and relative frequencies were determined for all the questions. Pearson's Chi2 and Chi2 adjusted tests were used to examine the potential association of current smoking status with gender, age and school level in a statistical significance level of 0.05.ResultsPrevalence of current smokers in the sample was 25.6%. Cigarette emerged as the tobacco product of choice reported by 88,3% of the respondents, followed by e-cigarette (5.2%), cigar (2.4%), hookah (2.4%) and pipe (1.7%). The highest prevalence of current smoking was found in the age group of 40–49 years old (46.1%). Current smoking proportion was higher among female (26.0%) than male teachers (24.9%). Intention to quit smoking was reported by 18.1% of the sample.ConclusionsAs compared to other countries, teachers in Greece have a moderate percentage regarding tobacco smoking. A concerted effort must be made towards smoking cessation in this population with gender specific interventions. It is of great importance for teachers to act as public health promoters, as performers of tobacco prevention curricula and as leaders in the implementation of school tobacco control policies.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
False memories, false innocence belief syndrome (FIBS) and ‘mind control’
Authors: Kurz R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionChild sexual abuse allegations are extremely tricky matters to deal with as situations can range from ritual violence at one extreme to complete fabrication by vested interests at the other. A level headed approach is required that does not fall into the trap of categorizing all early childhood memories as ‘false memories’ while also being alert to possible ‘mind control’ coaching of false allegations.ObjectivesThe presentation covers the origins of the false memory syndrome group and the implantation of false memories that is seemingly practiced by vested interests.AimsChild custody and criminal cases are frequently decided based on testimony of mental health professionals who routinely appear to be poorly informed and blatantly biased.MethodsA review of articles in the BPS publication ‘The Psychologist’ uncovered a large amount of materials written by advocates of the BFMS prompting further research.ResultsThere appears to be a multitude of articles written by BFMS associates in The Psychologist. Furthermore, instances of BPS ‘censorship’ are disconcerting. On top of this, concerns have been raised in the US about the ethics of Elizabeth Loftus–the academic ‘darling’ of the false memory movement. Finally cases have come to light where false memories were seemingly implanted by vested interests to ‘snatch’ children into authority care.ConclusionsThe mine field of child sexual abuse needs to be tackled with an even-handed manner considering the full range of possibilities in assessment.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Violent incidents within psychiatric settings
Authors: Motamedi B. , Mahmoudi A. , Motamedi M. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the frequency and types of aggressive and violent behaviors in acute psychiatric inpatient settings and potential interactions between staffing and patient mix and rates of the behaviours were explored.MethodsData on violent incidents were gathered prospectively in two acute psychiatric units in two general hospitals and two units in a psychiatric hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Staff recorded violent and aggressive incidents by using Morrison's hierarchy of aggressive and violent behavior. The classification ranged from level 1, inflicted serious harm to self or others requiring medical care, to level 8, exhibited low-grade hostility. They also completed weekly reports of staffing levels and patient mix. Regression analysis was used to calculate relative rates.ResultsA total of 400 violent incidents were recorded over a three-month period. Based on the scale, more than 50 percent of the incidents were serious. Seventy-eight percent were directed toward nursing staff. Complex relationships between staffing, patient mix, and violence were found. Relative risk increased with more nursing staff (of either sex), more non nursing staff on planned leave, more patients known to instigate violence, a greater number of disoriented patients, more patients detained compulsorily, and more use of seclusion. The relative risk decreased with more young staff (under 30 years old), more nursing staff with unplanned absenteeism, more admissions, and more patients with substance abuse or physical illness.ConclusionsViolent incidents within psychiatric facilities were frequent and serious, with great significance for occupational health. Some clues were found in the prediction of violence.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Spitefulness and psychopathy: A contribution for an Italian adaptation
Authors: Garofalo C. , Rogier G. , Velotti P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPsychopathy has been individuated as an important predictor of criminal recidivism. As a consequence, a growing number of studies has examined factors associated with psychopathic traits in criminal population. While spitefulness has been associated with a range of destructive behaviors, there is a paucity of instruments that evaluate the spitefulness (Marcus & Zeigler-Hill, 2015).ObjectiveTesting the validity and reliability of an Italian version of the Spitefulness Scale.AimsCorrelate Spitefulness Scale scores and other indices of psychological functioning. We recruited an offenders sample (n = 400) and a community sample (n = 400). We administered the Spitefulness Scale (Marcus, 2014), along with the following measures: Dirty Dozen (Carmines & Zeller, 1979), Aggression Questionnaire (Buss & Perry, 1992), Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (Gratz & Roemer, 2004), and SRP (Hare, 1980).ResultsOffenders participants showed higher levels of spitefulness. Further, the construct validity of the scale was confirmed by associations with measures of psychopathy, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal problems.ConclusionsThe use of the Italian version of the Spitefulness Scale seemed promising for the study of emotion recognition in both clinical and nonclinical samples.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Homicide, borderline personality disorder and paraphilic disorder: A case report
Authors: Zghal M. , Fekih Romdhane F. , El Ghali F. , Mezghani M. , Jouini L. , Ghazeli I. , Ridha R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionZoophilia consists of sexual intercourse by a human being with a lower animal. There is a paucity of literature on this paraphilia.MethodIn this paper, we report an uncommon case of homicide committed by a man with co-morbid borderline personality disorder and paraphilic disorder, and review the literature.Case reportMr SH was a single and unemployed 30-year-old male. He was hospitalized in our forensic psychiatric department following a dismissal for criminal responsibility for an act of attempted murder with premeditation. There was no history of any other psychiatric disorder, chronic physical illness or drug dependence. He complained that he had been suffering for the past ten years from sad mood, sleeplessness, loss of interest, and feelings of guilt worthlessness, and hopelessness. He had started sexual intercourse with animals eight years ago. He harbored feelings of guilt for his sexual experiences with animals. There was no formal thought disorder or perceptual abnormality. At the beginning of bestiality, he explained his unconventional behavior, by the fact that he had been bewitched, by his uncle's wife. Projective tests found borderline psychopathology. The crime occurred after a zoophilic sexual intercourse. Mr SH was obsessed with bewitchment thoughts, and got an uncontrollable urge to kill his uncle's wife. The crime was impulsive and violent. Psychiatric experts retained the diagnosis of co-morbid borderline personality disorder and other specified paraphilic disorder (DSM-5).ConclusionIn this case, we discuss the clinical and therapeutic challenges of this complex case, and the legal liability of Mr SH.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Occupational activation centers as a solution to improve vocational rehabilitation of patients with intellectual disabilities in Poland
Authors: Krysta J. , Krysta K. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSince the 1990's the main form of vocational rehabilitation centers in Poland were occupational therapy workshops (OTW), but the low ratio of the employment of the participants of OTW‘s led to the creation of newer, more effective institutions called Occupational Activation Centers (OAC). They were expected to be professional activity establishments, aimed at launching new career paths of people with intellectual disabilities, enabling the candidates to pass through various stages of rehabilitation and vocational activation.Materials and methodsThe analysis of available statistical data concerning the activity of OAC‘s in Poland was done.ResultsIn the whole country the number of these facilities is 53, while the number of occupational therapy workshops is 665. The Law on OAC‘s restricts the employment of people with moderate disability in total employment to 35%, this indicator covering not only the persons with mental retardation, but also people with autism and mental illness. In addition the OAC‘s activity generates the cost of creating them inadequate for the quantity and quality of jobs being created.ConclusionIt turned out that the creation of OAC‘s occurred too slowly in relation to the already operating OTW‘s and the weaknesses in the Polish system of rehabilitation and employment of people with intellectual disabilities necessitates the need to find innovative ways to solve this problem.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Innovative home based assertive outreach service for treatment of schizophrenia in Larkano, Pakistan (SOUL): Programme implementation and outcomes at the end of five years
Authors: Afghan S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere is a significant service gap in provision of essential treatment to patients with severe mental disorders in low-income countries, which leads to increased mental health disability and bigger disease burden on the families and society. The SOUL programme is a first of its kind in the country, which utilizes assertively engaging patients at their homes.ObjectivesThe key objectives are early recognition, treatment and psychosocial support to patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia. Additional objectives include social recovery of the patients, psycho education to family members and generating clinical and functional outcomes.MethodsProgramme design developed by host psychiatry department through stakeholder consultation. Training was undertaken for programme team and included training on use of outcome measures namely Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Clinical Global Impression (CGI) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Hosting carers and families meetings on regular intervals serve the purpose of family psycho-education and receiving informal feedback about the service.ResultsPreliminary findings on clinical and functional outcomes of cohort of 125 patients recruited over continual basis over 5 years are presented. Complex community intervention shows significant change in all outcome scales (with good effect size) with before and after analysis at one year. The programme demonstrated excellent engagement with patients and very low dropout rate.ConclusionsLow cost community intervention involving trained doctor and psychiatric nurses working under close supervision of a senior psychiatrist is feasible and achievable and can lead to robust improvements in symptoms and functional outcomes for patients with schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.
Improving oral health care in mental health service – A retrospective study of oral health care monitoring for service users accessing community mental health team
Authors: Ahmed U. , Siddiqui S.K. , Tabani K. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionPoor oral health can have a serious impact on quality of life, social inclusion and self-esteem. There is evidence to suggest that people with serious mental illness have a greater risk of experiencing oral disease and have greater oral treatment needs than the general population. Oral health problems are not well recognized by mental health professionals. We therefore conducted a retrospective study to review oral health care monitoring within the community mental health team.Aims and objectivesTo review the oral health care monitoring for patients accessing the community mental health team.MethodologyAudit tool was developed based on oral health care guidelines outlined by the department of health, and literature review. We then retrospectively review medical records of 25 patients against following standards:.– every client should have the most basic of oral hygiene equipment–toothbrush;– clients should have basic oral hygiene knowledge, (i.e. brush twice or at least once a day);– every client should be registered to a dental practitioner;– every client should have at least one dental check-up per year;– clients with dentures should have their dentures checked up at least once in five years;– have a tooth brush less than three months old.ResultsOut of the 25 patients none had met the standards. It could be a reflection of lack of documentation rather than not providing appropriate information.ConclusionOral health care advice should be part of care plan for people accessing mental health service.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.