bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Понимание проблемы ценности в теории исторического процесса
Authors: Васильев Юрий Альбертович 
Published: March 2017

<p>Актуальность проблемы ценности сегодня связана с активизацией исторической памяти как функции исторического познания, c осмыслением феномена забвения и «опыта разрыва» в истории. В публикации представлен анализ проблемы ценности в теории исторического знания, основанный на концепции российского методолога и теоретика истории А. С. Лаппо-Данилевского.</p><p>Проанализированы концепты обоснованной ценности и общепризнанной ценности. Автор осмысляет критерий действенности исторических фактов (масштаб и силу их влияния и воздействия на развитие общества), ценность индивидуальности, положительное и отрицательное значение ценности. Всеобщее значение факта определяется на основе качественного критерия (общего признания), историческое же значение он приобретает в случае реального воздействия и влияния на развитие общества. Аксиологический анализ ценности основан на использовании не только познавательной, но и других инструментальных парадигм — этической, эстетической и пр. Признание ценности исторического факта сопровождается его изучением с причинно-следственной точки зрения.</p><p>Автор приводит классификацию типов забвения. Часть исторического материала из повседневной жизни прошлого не имеет значения для современности, поскольку не связана с настоящей идентичностью. Другой тип забвения обусловлен недостаточным знанием причинных факторов, имевших решающее значение в прошлом. Третий тип забвения объясняется чрезмерной степенью травматичности событий в исторической памяти для общественного сознания. Наконец, забвение может порождаться обретением новой идентичности в процессе отказа от старого мира. </p><p>Разрыв между историческим знанием и общественным сознанием необходимо преодолевать. Это связано также с проблемой ценности в истории. Об этом еще во второй половине XIX в. писал русский историк В. О. Ключевский. Для преодоления указанного разрыва требуется два условия: разработка исторического материала с целью возможности его усвоения общественным сознанием; готовность общества к изучению истории, обусловленная назревшей потребностью и необходимостью. В осмыслении так называемых трудных вопросов истории России необходимо понимание взаимосвязи проблемы ценности с российской идентичностью. </p>
Ф. М. Достоевский: русская идея и русский социализм
Authors: Горелов Анатолий Алексеевич 
Published: March 2017

<p align="center"> </p><p>В статье обсуждается введенное Ф. М. Достоевским понятие русской идеи и значение размышлений писателя о русском социализме. Русская идея как братское единение людей должна была, по мысли Достоевского, преодолеть разрыв между простым народом и образованными слоями населения и обеспечить общественное согласие. Но она имела и всемирно-историческое значение в качестве ненасильственного способа объединения всех жителей планеты на основе русского социализма как братства народов во Христе.</p><p> Достоевский противопоставлял русский социализм французскому утопическому социализму, возникшему на основе идей Великой французской революции, атеистическому и деспотическому, и немецкому протестантскому социализму, который объединялся им с французским под общим названием европейского социализма. Прослеживается аналогия между развитием русской идеи и обстоятельствами жизни самого писателя. Православие как первая модификация русской идеи было отправной точкой и для становления личности самого Достоевского. Увлечение писателя в молодости утопическим социализмом соответствовало второй модификации русской идеи.</p><p>Впоследствии в процессе мучительных размышлений о судьбе России Достоевский сформировал свой личный духовный синтез, преодолевший его внутреннюю расщепленность, — соединение православия с социалистическими идеями, которое он назвал русским социализмом. Писатель рассматривал его в качестве наилучшей формы развития русской и глобальной цивилизации.</p>
Трансгуманизм
Authors: Луков Валерий Андреевич 
Published: March 2017

<p>Энциклопедическая статья раскрывает сущность трансгуманизма как современной философской доктрины изменяющегося человека, где под воздействием генной инженерии человек приобретает свойства, не характерные для него от природы и фактически относящиеся к свойствам вещей. В статье показывается история термина от первого его появления до настоящего времени, а также движение от человека к трансчеловеку и далее — к постчеловеку. Особо рассмотрено положение новых поколений в отношении трансгуманизма как теории и практики. Утверждается, что молодежь иначе воспринимает трансгуманистическую идею, нежели представители старших поколений. Рассматриваются вопросы превращения философской доктрины в общественное движение, каковым сегодня выступает трансгуманизм в различных странах. </p>
Renda familiar e escolaridade dos pais: reflexões a partir dos microdados do ENEM 2012 do Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Pires André 
Published: March 2017

Tendo como referência as variáveis socioeconômicas disponíveis nos Microdados do Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio (Enem) de 2012 para os estudantes do Estado de São Paulo, este artigo busca analisar se a origem social dos candidatos tem efeito diferenciador na caracterização, aspirações e desempenho escolar. Os estudantes foram divididos em dois grandes grupos tendo como critério de seleção a escolaridade dos pais e a renda mensal familiar. Os resultados indicam que a origem social dos estudantes tem papel preponderante na diferenciação dos alunos, de suas aspirações e do desempenho no Enem. Possuir renda familiar acima de 20 Salários Mínimos ou ter um dos pais com curso superior aumentam substancialmente as chances dos alunos fazerem o exame numa idade considerada como adequada, de não ter parado de estudar no Ensino Médio, de ser de uma determinada cor; de aspirar entrar no Ensino Superior Público e ter condições objetivas de fazê-lo e de se sair melhor no desempenho nas provas objetivas e na redação. Ao final, o texto reflete sobre a incômoda constatação de que em 2012, no estado mais rico da federação brasileira, a origem social faça ainda tanta diferença, como parecem sugerir os números apresentados.
Spinoza: hackeador dos afetos
Authors: Gonçalves Juliana Jonson 
Published: March 2017

Este ensaio trata de uma pesquisa de doutorado fundamentada pela Ética de Spinoza a qual se utiliza do conceito de afeto para discutir o tema da pichação nas cidades como movimento de presença marcante difundido pelo mundo inteiro. O olhar para a pichação do ponto de vista da Ética spinozista, sem uma moral pré-estabelecida, torna este tema mais próximo de um processo criativo e por isso não deve ser ignorado para se pensar uma composição de consciência urbana nas cidades. O corpo e a cidade só se compõem de maneira ativa enquanto estão sob relação de um afeto alegre, portanto imaginar sobre o que se vê nas cidades permite que o pensamento se torne inventivo.
El impacto en el aprendizaje del programa Una Laptop por Niño. La evidencia de Uruguay
Authors: De Melo Gioia , Machado Alina , Miranda Alfonso 
Published: March 2017

Antecedentes: En los últimos años muchos países han realizado inversiones sustanciales en los programas Una Laptop por Niño (OLPC, por sus siglas en inglés), en tanto que otros están por implementar este tipo de intervenciones. Este artículo contribuye al estudio del efecto que tienen los programas OLPC en el desempeño de los estudiantes en lectura y matemáticas y, para ello, utiliza un diseño cuasi experimental basado en datos de Uruguay, el primer país en implementar un programa OLPC a escala nacional: el Plan CEIBAL. Métodos: Empleamos una estrategia de diferencias en diferencias (DiD) para estimar el impacto del Plan CEIBAL en el desempeño educativo. El análisis explota especialmente el hecho de que el despliegue del programa se basó en criterios geográficos y no en el rendimiento escolar de los estudiantes. Se cuenta con la fecha exacta en que se le entregó la laptop a cada estudiante de la muestra. Ello nos permite hacer una medición continua y sin margen de error del tratamiento con base en el número de días en que cada estudiante ha estado expuesto al Plan CEIBAL al llegar la fecha de seguimiento (normalizado a años). Se controla por las diferencias sistemáticas que se dan potencialmente a lo largo del tiempo respecto a un mejor aprovechamiento escolar entre las escuelas en la capital, Montevideo, y el resto de Uruguay. Resultados: Nuestros resultados sugieren que el programa no tuvo impacto en las calificaciones en lectura y matemáticas. Tampoco encontramos efectos heterogéneos entre alumnos cuyas madres poseen distintos niveles de educación. Al analizar la evidencia descriptiva sobre la frecuencia de uso de la laptop en clase, observamos que su uso diario no está generalizado en todas las escuelas públicas. Además, su principal uso en clase consiste en la búsqueda de información en internet y no en la capacitación mediante ejercicios o prácticas de repetición. Una característica particularmente importante del programa es que la capacitación a los docentes ha sido opcional hasta el momento. Conclusiones: Nuestros resultados sugieren que, en los primeros dos años de su implementación, el Plan CEIBAL no tuvo efecto en los puntajes de matemáticas y lectura.
PEMANFAATAN TEKNIK IRRADIASI SINAR GAMMA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN VIABILITAS BENIH SENGON
Authors: Bramasto Yulianti , Putri Putri , P.K. Zanzibar P.K. Zanzibar , M. Danu M. Danu 
Published: March 2017

Sengon (Albizia falcataria ) is the most potential species that develop in community forest with agroforestry system. The problem of sengon plantation was the attack of pest and diseases, that influence the decrease of productivity of sengon. To increase the productivity of sengon can be start from the seed for example through increase the viability and vigor of seed. In seed crops, technique irradiation of gamma rays have been used as seed treatment to increase vigor and quality of seeds, but on forest seeds is still limited information. The purpose of this research is to analyze the effectiveness of the irradiation of gamma rays to increase viability of sengon seed. The research design was factorials in randomized completely design , which consist of 2 factors, first factor was the origin of seeds and second factor was the dosage of radiation. The results show that the origin of seed and dosage of gamma rays gave a significant responses to germination percentage(DB) and speed of germination (KCT). In general the irradiation of gamma rays can increase the germination percentage (DB) and speed of germination (KCT).. The increasing of DB and KCT start at dosage 5 Gy, and continue increase until 90 Gy. The viability of seed raise from 13.5 % - 50,9 % from control. The technique of gamma rays irradiation in low dosage can be used to increase viability and vigor of sengon seed.Sengon (Albizia falcataria) merupakan salah satu jenis andalan di hutan rakyat, pada umumnya jenis ini ditanam menggunakan system agroforestry. Permasalahan pada tanaman sengon saat ini adalah banyaknya hama dan penyakit yang menyerang tegakan sengon, sehingga mengakibatkan menurunnya produktivitas. Peningkatan produktivitas dapat diupayakan sejak dari tingkat benih yaitu melalui peningkatan viabilitas dan vigor benih. Pemanfaatan teknik irradiasi sinar gamma digunakan sebagai seed treatment untuk meningkatkan vigor dan kualitas benih sudah banyak dilakukan pada benih tanaman pertanian, namun pada benih tanaman hutan masih terbatas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui efektivitas penerapan teknik irradiasi sinar gamma untuk meningkatkan viabilitas benih sengon. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Faktorial dalam Acak Lengkap, terdiri dari 2 faktor, yaitu asal benih dan faktor lainnya adalah dosis radiasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa asal benih dan dosis sinar gamma berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya berkecambah dan kecepatan berkecambah benih sengon. Secara umum menunjukkan adanya peningkatan dalam perkecambahan yaitu daya berkecambah (DB) dan kecepatan berkecambah (KCT) akibat pemberian perlakuan irradiasi dengan sinar gamma. Peningkatan DB dan KCT mulai terlhat pada dosis 5 Gy, dan terus meningkat hingga dosis 90 Gy. Daya Berkecambah benih meningkat antara 13,5 % – 50,9 % dari kontrol. Hal ini berarti teknik irradiasi sinar gamma pada dosis rendah dapat digunakan utnuk meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih sengon.
Preformed-Particle-Gel Transport Through Heterogeneous Void-Space Conduits
Authors: Imqam Abdulmohsin , Wang Ze , Bai Baojun 
Published: March 2017

Summary
Preformed particle gels (PPGs) have been successfully applied as a plugging agent to solve the conformance problem in fractured reservoirs. They are injected to plug fractures and then divert displacing fluid into poorly swept zones/areas. However, PPG-propagation and -plugging mechanisms through open void-space conduits (VSCs) have not been studied thoroughly. This paper investigated various situations involving heterogeneous conduits and their geometrical effect on PPG injectivity. Five-foot tubes were used to mimic VSCs. Three models were designed to gain understanding on how conduit geometry and PPG properties affect gel transportation, including a single conduit with a uniform internal diameter (ID); a single conduit with a nonuniform ID along its length; and two parallel conduits with different ID ratios with respect to each other. Results obtained from single-conduit models with uniform and nonuniform diameters showed PPG-injection pressure increased significantly as the conduit became more heterogeneous. Particle gels accumulated at the choke point within each conduit and caused injection pressure to increase accordingly. When two parallel conduits are available for flow, the relative distance of PPG penetration into the conduits depends strongly on the ratio of the conduit diameters and the gel strength. In addition, the ratio of gel-particle-size diameter to conduit diameter contributes significantly to the gel-transport selection. This paper demonstrates important impact elements of gel propagation for different heterogeneous-conduit situations.
Aspects of Scale Deposition in a Compositional Coupled Wellbore/Reservoir Simulator
Authors: Abouie Ali , Korrani Aboulghasem Kazemi , Sepehrnoori Kamy 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Scale deposition in surface and subsurface production equipment is one of the major operational problems encountered during oil production, which results in equipment corrosion, wellbore plugging, production rate decline, and requires frequent squeeze treatments. Oil field scales mainly result from changes in the physicochemical properties (pH, temperature, and pressure), mixing with incompatible brine compositions, and mixing with inhibitors. Meanwhile, comprehensive modeling and prediction of scale formation has remained challenging due to the complexity of the geochemical reactions that occurs in real fields.
For the first time and to overcome the lack of comprehensive geochemical-based tools, a robust, accurate, and flexible coupled reservoir and wellbore model is developed, and then, integrated with a geochemical tool (i.e. IPhreeqc) to predict scale formation from injection wells through the reservoir to production wells. IPhreeqc, the United States Geological Survey (USGS) geochemical tool, has the capability of modeling homogenous and heterogeneous, reversible and irreversible, and ion-exchange reactions under non-isothermal, non-isobaric, and local equilibrium or kinetic conditions. In this work, by integrating IPhreeqc with the compositional reservoir (UTCOMP) and wellbore simulator (UTWELL), the geochemical capabilities of IPhreeqc is used in a multi-physics reservoir/wellbore models for comprehensive prediction of carbonates and sulfates scales deposition. Moreover, the effects of weak acids and hydrocarbon phase dissolution in the aqueous phase were included to accurately predict the carbonate scale profile.
To the best of our knowledge, there is no comprehensive simulator available in the industry through which scale deposition in the reservoir and wellbore can be predicted accurately. In this paper, scale deposition profile in the field is estimated by including 1) the interaction of the hydrocarbon and aqueous phases and its effect on the aqueous-scale geochemistry 2) effects of parameters that vary greatly in the field (i.e. pressure, temperature, and pH) and 3) comprehensive geochemistry simulation (provided through coupling of the simulators with IPhreeqc). The outcome of this study yields a comprehensive tool for prediction of scale deposition profile and will help scale deposition risk management and mitigation plans.
Understanding Fluid Transport Mechanisms of Fracture Shale Formations by Modelling Squeeze Treatments
Authors: Kaur Amarpreet , Frigo Dario M. , Stalker Robert , Graham Gordon M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
With developing interest in unconventional fields, such as fractured shales, there has been a need to develop models that accurately reflect the fluid-transport mechanisms in such formations. The current paper does this from the viewpoint of modelling scale inhibitor squeeze treatments.
Unlike conventional reservoirs, where chemical transport is dominated by pressure differentials from pumping, in ultra-low permeability systems imbibition and diffusion processes can be as important, if not more so. We report a model that numerically solves either the imbibition equation or Fick's second law of diffusion to simulate these transport mechanisms, and couples these processes to inhibitor adsorption and desorption using either Freundlich or Langmuir isotherms. As only a fraction of the production interval is typically treated, the model interactively allows the user to select which fractures have been treated. The influence of partial treatment of the fracture network on overall treatment effectiveness is presented as is the effect of varying entry location of the produced water into the well.
The model was also developed to simulate spontaneous imbibition of the aqueous inhibitor solution in combination with inhibitor adsorption, albeit in the absence of diffusion. The effect of this imbibition has been evaluated from the perspective that it acts as a potential "treatment thief" because it preferentially transports the applied inhibitor solution into oil-producing zones, whence it should contribute very little to mitigation of the current scaling risk.
La sacra doctrina como ciencia imperfecta quoad nos en Tomás de Aquino: Nuevas reflexiones a partir de algunas ediciones críticas recientes
Authors: Carrasquillo Francisco Romero 
Published: March 2017

Como es bien sabido, en su Suma teológica Tomás de Aquino defiende desde una perspectiva aristotélica la naturaleza científica de la sacra doctrina, proponiéndola como una ciencia subalterna al conocimiento que Dios tiene de sí mismo. La interpretación de Tomás en torno a la doctrina aristotélica de la ciencia le permite proponer que las conclusiones de la sacra doctrina se reducen a los artículos de la fe como a sus primeros principios. Lo que no es bien sabido, sin embargo, es que Tomás en otros textos cambia su postura sobre el modo en que la sacra doctrina llena los requisitos para ser ciencia. Esto ha sido puesto en evidencia en parte por algunas ediciones críticas recientes, como la de la Lectura Romana, realizada por Boyle, y especialmente la del prólogo al Comentario a las Sentencias, por Adriano Oliva. Si bien los artículos de la fe son evidentes en sí mismos (per se), estos textos, vistos cronológicamente, demuestran que a través de su carrera Tomás vacila en reconocer que desde nuestra perspectiva (quoad nos) los artículos no son evidentes ni demostrables, sino que son objetos de fe religiosa. A través de estos textos Tomás progresivamente admite que existe una imperfección en el modo en que la conocemos en esta vida (in via); por tanto, la sacra doctrina en cierto modo se queda corta de la ratio perfecta de ciencia, al menos quoad nos.
Recepción y apropiación de la filosofía práctica aristotélica en la Filosofía del derecho de Hegel
Authors: Elorduy Eduardo Charpenel 
Published: March 2017

Abstract En el presente artículo se examina la relación de la Filosofía del derecho de Hegel con la filosofía práctica aristotélica. Con ello se pretende mostrar, por una parte, que algunas de las tesis y motivos centrales de la filosofía del derecho hegeliana se entienden de mejor forma trayendo a primer plano ciertos planteamientos aristotélicos y, por otro lado, que dichos planteamientos son objeto de una reinterpretación y reelaboración por parte de Hegel ante ciertas exigencias históricas y filosóficas del contexto moderno. En particular, se examina la relación entre estos dos autores atendiendo a dos puntos concretos: la metodología holística de una filosofía práctica –entendida de modo amplio– y la teoría de la motivación ética. In this article I examine the relation of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right with the Aristotelean practical philosophy. My aim with this is to show, on the one hand, that some of the theses and central motifs of the Hegelian philosophy of right are better understood if one brings certain Aristotelean ideas to the forefront of the discussion and, on the other hand, that these ideas are subjected to a reinterpretation by Hegel due to the historical and philosophical demands of the Modern Age. In particular, the relationship between these two authors is analyzed by examining two specific subjects: the holistic methodology of a practical philosophy –broadly construed– and the theory of ethical motivation. Palabras clave: Aristóteles, Hegel, Filosofía del derecho, Ética normativa, Metodología ética, Teoría de la motivación ética, Virtud y deber, Historia de la recepción del aristotelismo Key Words: Aristotle, Hegel, Philosophy of Right, Normative Ethics, Methods in Ethics, Theory of Ethical Motivation, Virtue and Duty, History of the Reception of Aristotelianism
Complications During Maxillary Sinus Augmentation Associated with Interfering Septa: A New Classification of Septa
Authors: Irinakis Tassos , Dabuleanu Valentin , Aldahlawi Salwa 
Published: March 2017

Purpose:
A new classification of maxillary sinus interfering septa based on its orientation is presented along with its relationship to the prevalence and severity of sinus membrane perforations. Additionally, the impact of membrane perforation on post-operative complications and marginal bone loss during the first year of loading is evaluated.

Materials & Methods:
Retrospective chart review of 79 consecutive sinus lift procedures with lateral window technique and 107 implants. Preoperative Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images were evaluated for the incidence and the direction of maxillary septa. Chart notes were examined for the incidence of membrane perforation and postoperative complications. Measurements of mesial and distal marginal bone levels and average bone resorption adjacent to each implant were calculated in intraoral radiographs taken at implant placement and during follow up appointments.

Results:
Interfering septa were identified in 48.1 percent of sinuses. 71.1 percent of them had the septum oriented in a buccal-lingual direction (Class I). The overall incidence of membrane perforation was 22.8 percent, and the presence of an interfering septum on CBCT scan was found to be significantly associated with the occurrence of a sinus membrane perforation (P<0.001). The mean implant marginal bone loss for sinuses, which did not experience a membrane perforation, was 0.6±0.8mm, compared with 0.9 ± 0.9 mm for the sinuses that did experience a perforation (P = 0.325).

Conclusion:
Septa should be identified, classified and managed with a meticulous attention to technical details. A classification based on the septal orientation is proposed since the orientation of the septa can complicate the surgical procedure and requires modification of the surgical technique.