bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Single Free Sorting and Multivariate Exploratory Methods to Design a New Coffee Taster's Flavor Wheel
Authors: Spencer Molly , Sage Emma , Velez Martin , Guinard Jean‐Xavier 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe original Coffee Taster's Flavor Wheel was developed by the Specialty Coffee Assn. of America over 20 y ago, and needed an innovative revision. This study used a novel application of traditional sensory and statistical methods in order to reorganize the new coffee Sensory Lexicon developed by World Coffee Research and Kansas State Univ. into scientifically valid clusters and levels to prepare a new, updated flavor wheel. Seventy‐two experts participated in a modified online rapid free sorting activity (no tasting) to sort flavor attributes of the lexicon. The data from all participants were compiled and agglomeration hierarchical clustering was used to determine the clusters and levels of the flavor attributes, while multidimensional scaling was used to determine the positioning of the clusters around the Coffee Taster's Flavor Wheel. This resulted in a new flavor wheel for the coffee industry.
Utility of hybrid SPECT/CT in primary melanoma lymphoscintigraphy: A retrospective case series
Authors: Tew Khimling , Farlow David 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroductionSentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is widely accepted as an important part of staging cutaneous malignant melanoma. Hybrid single photon emission computed tomography and computed tomography (SPECT/CT) may identify additional SLN and provide important information to the surgeon performing SLN biopsy. We report our experience at a major referral centre for melanoma surgery.MethodsRetrospective case series of pre‐operative sentinel node lymphoscintigraphy for primary melanoma over a consecutive 12‐month period. All patients had planar imaging and hybrid SPECT/CT.ResultsAt least 1 SLN was successfully identified in 82 of 86 eligible patients (95.3%). These 82 patients had 144 SLNs (mean 1.8). There were no patients where the SLN was seen only with SPECT/CT. Additional information was provided by SPECT/CT in 32 patients (39.0%). Histology reports were available for 52 patients, 9 (17.3%) had at least 1 SLN positive for metastatic disease.ConclusionsWe achieved a high rate of SLN identification. SPECT/CT was most frequently helpful when the primary melanoma was located in the head, neck and trunk. Routine use of SPECT/CT during lymphoscintigraphy provides important anatomical information and may reduce the false‐negative rate.
SNPs selected by information content outperform randomly selected microsatellite loci for delineating genetic identification and introgression in the endangered dark European honeybee (Apis mellifera mellifera)
Authors: Muñoz Irene , Henriques Dora , Jara Laura , Johnston J. Spencer , Chávez‐Galarza Julio , De La Rúa Pilar , Pinto M. Alice 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe honeybee (Apis mellifera) has been threatened by multiple factors including pests and pathogens, pesticides and loss of locally adapted gene complexes due to replacement and introgression. In western Europe, the genetic integrity of the native A. m. mellifera (M‐lineage) is endangered due to trading and intensive queen breeding with commercial subspecies of eastern European ancestry (C‐lineage). Effective conservation actions require reliable molecular tools to identify pure‐bred A. m. mellifera colonies. Microsatellites have been preferred for identification of A. m. mellifera stocks across conservation centres. However, owing to high throughput, easy transferability between laboratories and low genotyping error, SNPs promise to become popular. Here, we compared the resolving power of a widely utilized microsatellite set to detect structure and introgression with that of different sets that combine a variable number of SNPs selected for their information content and genomic proximity to the microsatellite loci. Contrary to every SNP data set, microsatellites did not discriminate between the two lineages in the PCA space. Mean introgression proportions were identical across the two marker types, although at the individual level, microsatellites' performance was relatively poor at the upper range of Q‐values, a result reflected by their lower precision. Our results suggest that SNPs are more accurate and powerful than microsatellites for identification of A. m. mellifera colonies, especially when they are selected by information content.
DNAbarcoding of crickets, katydids and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) from Central Europe with focus on Austria, Germany and Switzerland
Authors: Hawlitschek O. , Morinière J. , Lehmann G. U. C. , Lehmann A. W. , Kropf M. , Dunz A. , Glaw F. , Detcharoen M. , Schmidt S. , Hausmann A. , Szucsich N. U. , Caetano‐Wyler S. A. , Haszprunar G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe present aDNAbarcoding study on the insect order Orthoptera that was generated in collaboration between four barcoding projects in three countries, viz. Barcoding Fauna Bavarica (Germany), German Barcode of Life, Austrian Barcode of Life and Swiss Barcode of Life. Our data set includes 748COIsequences from 127 of the 162 taxa (78.4%) recorded in the three countries involved. Ninety‐three of these 122 species (76.2%, including all Ensifera) can be reliably identified usingDNAbarcodes. The remaining 26 caeliferan species (families Acrididae and Tetrigidae) form ten clusters that share barcodes among up to five species, in three cases even across different genera, and in six cases even sharing individual barcodes. We discuss incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization as most likely causes of this phenomenon, as the species concerned are phylogenetically young and hybridization has been previously observed. We also highlight the problem of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts), a known problem in the barcoding of orthopteran species, and the possibility ofWolbachiainfections. Finally, we discuss the possible taxonomic implications of our barcoding results and point out future research directions.
Efficacy and safety of two dosages of canrenone as add‐on therapy in hypertensive patients taking ace‐inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers and hydrochlorothiazide at maximum dosage in a randomized clinical trial: The ESCAPE‐IT trial
Authors: Derosa Giuseppe , Maffioli Pamela , D'Avino Maria , Sala Carla , Mugellini Amedeo , Vulpis Vito , Felis Salvatore , Guasti Luigina , Sarzani Riccardo , Bestetti Alessandro , Vanasia Massimo , Gaudio Giovanni ,   the ESCAPE‐IT Trial Investigators group
Published: November 2016

SummaryAimTo evaluate the effects of canrenone as add‐on therapy in patients already treated with angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE‐I) or angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) and hydrochlorothiazide at the maximum dosage (25 mg/d).MethodIn this randomized, open‐label, controlled trial, we enrolled 175 Caucasian patients with essential hypertension not well controlled by concomitant ACE‐I or ARBs and hydrochlorothiazide. At baseline, 87 patients (57 males and 30 females) were randomized to add canrenone 50 mg, and 88 (56 males and 32 females) patients to canrenone 100 mg, once a day, for 3 months. At baseline and after 3 months, we evaluated blood pressure (BP), pulse pressure (PP), heart rate (HR), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), homeostasis model assessment insulin (HOMA Index), lipid profile, electrolytes, uric acid, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), plasma urea, aldosterone, B‐type natriuretic peptide (BNP), and galectin‐3.ResultsBlood pressure decreased with both dosages of canrenone, with a better effect with canrenone 100 mg (−20.26 vs −23.68 mm Hg for SBP, and −10.58 vs −12.38 mm Hg for DBP), without a clinically relevant increase in potassium levels. We did not observe any differences regarding FPG or HOMA Index, nor of lipid profile, with the exception of triglycerides, which increased compared to baseline with canrenone 50 mg (+0.25 vs +0.34 mEq/L). Creatinine slightly increased with canrenone 100 mg (+0.02 vs +0.05 mg/dL), although no variations of eGFR were observed in neither groups. There was an increase in aldosterone levels with canrenone 50 mg. No changes in BNP or galectin‐3 were recorded.ConclusionBoth canrenone dosages gave a decrease in blood pressure, with a better effect with the higher dose, with only a slight increase in potassium and creatinine levels, which were not clinically relevant. Clinical Trials Registration Eudract number: 2010‐023606‐13; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02687178.
Post‐IFRS Revaluation Adjustments and Executive Compensation
Authors: Chen Kevin C. W. , Tang Feng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractInternational Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) allow firms to record adjustments (gains or losses) from the revaluation of investment properties in their income statements. After Hong Kong adopted IFRS in 2005, property companies were required to move their revaluation gains and losses (RGL) from equity to income. We find RGL to be a significant determinant of executive compensation in these firms after 2005, but not before. We further find evidence that the RGL‐compensation association is driven by firms with relative weak corporate governance structure, such as firms in which the controlling shareholders own a relatively small percentage of shares, firms in which the controlling shareholders have control rights that exceed ownership rights, and firms that are no longer run by their founders.
A new family of standardized and symmetric indices for measuring the intensity and importance of plant neighbour effects
Authors: Díaz‐Sierra Rubén , Verwijmeren Mart , Rietkerk Max , de Dios Víctor Resco , Baudena Mara 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Measurements of competition and facilitation between plants often rely upon intensity and importance indices that quantify the net effect of neighbours on the performance of a target plant. A systematic analysis of the mathematical behaviour of the indices is lacking and leads to structural pitfalls, e.g. statistical problems detected in importance indices.

We summarize and analyse the mathematical properties that the indices should display. We review the properties of the commonly used indices focusing on standardization and symmetry, which are necessary to avoid compromising data interpretation. We introduce a new family of indices ‘Neighbour‐effect Indices’ that meet all the proposed properties.

Considering the commonly used indices, none of the importance indices are standardized, and only RII (Relative Interaction Index) displays all the required mathematical properties. The existing indices show two types of symmetries, namely, additive or commutative, which are currently confounded, potentially resulting in misleading interpretations. Our Neighbour‐effect Indices encompass two intensity and two importance indices that are standardized and have different and defined symmetries.

Our new additive intensity index, NIntA, is the first of its kind, and it is generally more suitable for assessing competition and facilitation intensity than the widely used RII, which may underestimate facilitation. Our new standardized importance indices solve the main statistical problems that are known to affect Cimp and Iimp. Intensity and importance with the same symmetry should be used within the same study. The Neighbour‐effect Indices, sharing the same formulation, will allow for unbiased comparisons between intensity and importance, and between types of symmetry.
Measuring and interpreting sexual selection metrics: evaluation and guidelines
Authors: Anthes Nils , Häderer Ines K. , Michiels Nico K. , Janicke Tim 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Routine assessments of overall sexual selection, including comparisons of its direction and intensity between sexes or species, rely on summary metrics that capture the essence of sexual selection. Nearly all currently employed metrics require population‐wide estimates of individual mating success and reproductive success. The resulting sexual selection metrics, however, can heavily and systematically vary with the chosen approaches in terms of sampling, measurement, and analysis.

Our review illustrates this variation, using the Bateman gradient, a particularly prominent sexual selection metric. It represents the selection gradient on mating success and – given the latter's pivotal role in defining sexual selection – reflects a trait‐independent integrative proxy for the maximum strength of sexual selection. Drawing from a recent meta‐analysis, we evaluate potential biases arising from study design, data collection and parameter estimation, and provide suggestions to mitigate such biases in future studies.

With respect to study design, we argue that currently almost inexistent manipulative studies must complement the dominating correlative studies to inform us about causality in sexual selection. With respect to data collection, we outline how different measures of mating and reproductive success affect the components of sexual (and natural) selection that are reflected in standard summary metrics. With respect to parameter estimation, we show the potential impact of decisions about data inclusion and the chosen quantitative approach on inferences of sexual selection and its sex difference.

We expect this meta‐analytical review to aid future studies in providing less biased and more informative estimates of sexual selection.
History, Physical Examination, Laboratory Testing, and Emergency Department Ultrasonography for the Diagnosis of Acute Cholecystitis
Authors: Jain Ashika , Mehta Ninfa , Secko Michael , Schechter Joshua , Papanagnou Dimitri , Pandya Shreya , Sinert Richard 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundAcute cholecystitis (AC) is a common differential for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with abdominal pain. The diagnostic accuracy of history, physical examination, and bedside laboratory tests for AC have not been quantitatively described.ObjectivesWe performed a systematic review to determine the utility of history and physical examination (H&P), laboratory studies, and ultrasonography (US) in diagnosing AC in the ED.MethodsWe searched medical literature from January 1965 to March 2016 in PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS using a strategy derived from the following formulation of our clinical question: patients—ED patients suspected of AC; interventions—H&P, laboratory studies, and US findings commonly used to diagnose AC; comparator—surgical pathology or definitive diagnostic radiologic study confirming AC; and outcome—the operating characteristics of the investigations in diagnosing AC were calculated. Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios (LRs) were calculated using Meta‐DiSc with a random‐effects model (95% CI). Study quality and risks for bias were assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies.ResultsSeparate PubMed, Embase, and SCOPUS searches retrieved studies for H&P (n = 734), laboratory findings (n = 74), and US (n = 492). Three H&P studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria with AC prevalence of 7%–64%. Fever had sensitivity ranging from 31% to 62% and specificity from 37% to 74%; positive LR [LR+] was 0.71–1.24, and negative LR [LR–] was 0.76–1.49. Jaundice sensitivity ranged from 11% to 14%, and specificity from 86% to 99%; LR+ was 0.80–13.81, and LR– was 0.87–1.03. Murphy's sign sensitivity was 62% (range = 53%–71%), and specificity was 96% (range = 95%‐97%); LR+ was 15.64 (range = 11.48–21.31), and LR– was 0.40 (range = 0.32–0.50). Right upper quadrant pain had sensitivity ranging from 56% to 93% and specificity of 0% to 96%; LR+ ranged from 0.92 to 14.02, and LR– from 0.46 to 7.86. One laboratory study met criteria with a 26% prevalence of AC. Elevated bilirubin had a sensitivity of 40% (range = 12%–74%) and specificity of 93% (range = 77%–99%); LR+ was 5.80 (range = 1.25–26.99), and LR– was 0.64 (range = 0.39–1.08). Five US studies with a prevalence of AC of between 10% and 46%. US sensitivity was 86% (range = 78%–94%) and specificity was 71% (range = 66%–76%); LR+ was 3.23 (range = 1.74–6.00), and LR– was 0.18 (range = 0.10–0.33).ConclusionVariable disease prevalence, coupled with limited sample sizes, increases the risk of selection bias. Individually, none of these investigations reliably rule out AC. Development of a clinical decision rule to include evaluation of H&P, laboratory data, and US are more likely to achieve a correct diagnosis of AC.
Tigecycline Reduces Ethanol Intake in Dependent and Nondependent Male and Female C57BL/6J Mice
Authors: Bergeson Susan E. , Nipper Michelle A. , Jensen Jeremiah , Helms Melinda L. , Finn Deborah A. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) paradigm is valuable for screening compounds for efficacy to reduce drinking traits related to alcohol use disorder (AUD), as it measures alcohol consumption and preference under physical dependence conditions. Air control‐treated animals allow simultaneous testing of similarly treated, nondependent animals. As a consequence, we used CIE to test the hypothesis that tigecycline, a semisynthetic tetracycline similar to minocycline and doxycycline, would reduce alcohol consumption regardless of dependence status.MethodsAdult C57BL/6J female and male mice were tested for tigecycline efficacy to reduce ethanol (EtOH) consumption using a standard CIE paradigm. The ability of tigecycline to decrease 2‐bottle choice of 15% EtOH (15E) versus water intake in dependent (CIE vapor) and nondependent (air‐treated) male and female mice was tested after 4 cycles of CIE vapor or air exposure using a within‐subjects design and a dose–response. Drug doses of 0, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg in saline were administered intraperitoneally (0.01 ml/g body weight) and in random order, with a 1‐hour pretreatment time. Baseline 15E intake was re‐established prior to administration of subsequent injections, with a maximum of 2 drug injections tested per week.ResultsTigecycline was found to effectively reduce high alcohol consumption in both dependent and nondependent female and male mice.ConclusionsOur data suggest that tigecycline may be a promising drug with novel pharmacotherapeutic characteristics for the treatment of mild‐to‐severe AUD in both sexes.
Effective Reduction in High Ethanol Drinking by Semisynthetic Tetracycline Derivatives
Authors: Syapin Peter J. , Martinez Joseph M. , Curtis David C. , Marquardt Patrick C. , Allison Clayton L. , Groot Jessica A. , Baby Carol , Al‐Hasan Yazan M. , Segura‐Ulate Ismael , Scheible Matthew J. , Nicholson Katy T. , Redondo Jose Luis , Trotter David R. M. , Edwards David S. , Bergeson Susan E. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundNew pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol use disorders (AUD) are needed. Given the complex nature of AUD, there likely exist multiple novel drug targets. We, and others, have shown that the tetracycline drugs, minocycline and doxycycline, reduced ethanol (EtOH) drinking in mice. To test the hypothesis that suppression of high EtOH consumption is a general property of tetracyclines, we screened several derivatives for antidrinking activity using the Drinking‐In‐the‐Dark (DID) paradigm. Active drugs were studied further using the dose–response relationship.MethodsAdult female and male C57BL/6J mice were singly housed and the DID paradigm was performed using 20% EtOH over a 4‐day period. Mice were administered a tetracycline or its vehicle 20 hours prior to drinking. Water and EtOH consumption was measured daily. Body weight was measured at the start of drug injections and after the final day of the experiment. Blood was collected for EtOH content measurement immediately following the final bout of drinking.ResultsSeven tetracyclines were tested at a 50 mg/kg dose. Only minocycline and tigecycline significantly reduced EtOH drinking, and doxycycline showed a strong effect size trend toward reduced drinking. Subsequent studies with these 3 drugs revealed a dose‐dependent decrease in EtOH consumption for both female and male mice, with sex differences in efficacy. Minocycline and doxycycline reduced water intake at higher doses, although to a lesser degree than their effects on EtOH drinking. Tigecycline did not negatively affect water intake. The rank order of potency for reduction in EtOH consumption was minocycline > doxycycline > tigecycline, indicating efficacy was not strictly related to their partition coefficients or distribution constants.ConclusionsDue to its effectiveness in reducing high EtOH consumption coupled without an effect on water intake, tigecycline was found to be the most promising lead tetracycline compound for further study toward the development of a new pharmacotherapy for the treatment of AUD.
Changes in interleukin‐6 levels during electroconvulsive therapy may reflect the therapeutic response in major depression
Authors: Järventausta K. , Sorri A. , Kampman O. , Björkqvist M. , Tuohimaa K. , Hämäläinen M. , Moilanen E. , Leinonen E. , Peltola J. , Lehtimäki K. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) has been reported to be elevated in major depressive disorder (MDD) but decreased by antidepressive medication. IL‐6 levels are markedly elevated both after epileptic seizures and single electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) session, but long‐term changes in IL‐6 levels after ECT have not been studied. The correlation between immediate and long‐term changes in proinflammatory cytokines and outcome after ECT was investigated.MethodThirty patients suffering from MDD participated in the study. IL‐6, interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist (IL‐1RA) levels were examined at baseline and at 2 and 4 h after the first, fifth and the last ECT sessions. The response to ECT was measured with Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS).ResultsECT repeatedly caused an increase in IL‐6 levels at the 4‐h time point. However, the baseline IL‐6 levels decreased among remitters, but not among non‐remitters, towards the end of ECT. IL‐1β levels were mostly below detectable level, and IL‐1Ra levels did not change during and after ECT.ConclusionECT has distinct acute and long‐term effects on IL‐6 levels. Interestingly, the long‐term effect of ECT on IL‐6 seems to correlate with outcome, providing further evidence of the mechanism of action of ECT and supporting the inflammation theory in MDD.
Increase of poorly proliferated p63+/Ki67+ basal cells forming multiple layers in the aberrant remodeled epithelium in nasal polyps
Authors: Zhao L. , Li Y. Y. , Li C. W. , Chao S. S. , Liu J. , Nam H. N. , Dung N. T. N. , Shi L. , Wang D. Y. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundAberrant epithelial remodeling with the ectopic expression of p63 (basal cell markers) is an important pathologic phenomenon seen in chronically inflamed airway epithelium such as in nasal polyps (NPs).MethodsBiopsies were obtained from 55 NP patients and 18 healthy controls (inferior turbinate). Among NP patients, 15 were treated with oral and nasal steroids, so that two sets of NP biopsies were taken before and after the treatments. p63, Ki67, type IV β‐tubulin, and cell cycle markers were investigated in these specimens.ResultsThe number of p63+ cells is significantly higher in both hyperplastic (1.53‐fold, P < 0.0001) and squamous metaplastic (2.02‐fold, P < 0.0001) epithelium from NPs than from healthy controls. There are three types of proliferative basal cells (p63+/Ki67+) which are in different phases of the cell cycle, such as G1 phase (type I cells), S to G2 phase (type II cells), and mitosis (type III cells). Of importance, some type I cells may arrest after proliferation although they may still be p63+/Ki67+. In healthy epithelium, the ratio of the type I and II cells is almost 50:50. However, less type II cells are found in hyperplastic epithelium (34.85%, P = 0.012) and in squamous metaplastic epithelium (30.77%, P = 0.02) together with the presence of type III cells (3.45%, P = 0.01). These findings were not changed after steroid treatments.ConclusionsAn increase of poorly proliferated basal cells forming multiple layers, which may stain for basal cell markers but does not form a proper epidermal barrier, is an important histopathologic phenomenon in aberrant remodeled epithelium of NPs.