bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biosimilars und das Wirtschaftlichkeitsgebot
Authors: Münnch T. 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungBiosimilars unterliegen der Wirtschaftlichkeitsprüfung nach § 106 SGB V. Die konkrete Art der Prüfung hat Einfluss auf das ärztliche
Verordnungsverhalten. In der Richtgrößenprüfung führt die Verordnung von Biosimilars in der Regel zwar nicht zu einem Regress, wohl aber
erst einmal zur Einleitung eines Prüfverfahrens. Ab 2017 wird die Richtgrößenprüfung entfallen. Die stattdessen zu erwartenden
Wirkstoffprüfungen auf regionaler Ebene können Quoten für das Verhältnis von Biosimilars zu Originalpräparaten vorgeben und bei einer
Zielverfehlung zu Regressen führen. Erste Vereinbarungen auf regionaler Ebene über konkrete Prüfverfahren sind im Laufe des Jahres zu
erwarten.
Purine derivatives with antituberculosis activity
Authors: Gruzdev Dmitry A. , Musiyak Vera V. , Levit Galina L. , Krasnov Victor P. , Charushin Valery N. 
Published: December 2017

The review summarizes the data published over the last 10 – 15 years concerning the key groups of purine derivatives with antituberculosis activity. The structures of purines containing heteroatoms (S, O, N), fragments of heterocycles, amino acids and peptides, in the 6-position, as well as of purine nucleosides are presented. The possible targets for the action of such compounds and structure – activity relationship are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the most active compounds, which are of considerable interest as a basis for the development of efficient antituberculosis drugs.
The bibliography includes 99 references.
Methods for the synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes
Authors: Tomilov Yury V. , Menchikov Leonid G. , Novikov Roman A. , Ivanova Olga A. , Trushkov Igor V. 
Published: December 2017

The interest in cyclopropane derivatives is caused by the facts that, first, the three-carbon ring is present in quite a few natural and biologically active compounds and, second, compounds with this ring are convenient building blocks for the synthesis of diverse molecules (acyclic, alicyclic and heterocyclic). The carbon–carbon bonds in cyclopropane are kinetically rather inert; hence, they need to be activated to be involved in reactions. An efficient way of activation is to introduce vicinal electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents into the ring; these substrates are usually referred to as donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. This review gives a systematic account of the key methods for the synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes. The most important among them are reactions of nucleophilic alkenes with diazo compounds and iodonium ylides and approaches based on reactions of electrophilic alkenes with sulfur ylides (the Corey – Chaykovsky reaction). Among other methods used for this purpose, noteworthy are cycloalkylation of CH-acids, addition of α-halocarbonyl compounds to alkenes, cyclization via 1,3-elimination, reactions of alkenes with halocarbenes followed by reduction, the Simmons – Smith reaction and some other. The scope of applicability and prospects of various methods for the synthesis of donor-acceptor cyclopropanes are discussed.
The bibliography includes 530 references.
Democratic credentials and the ‘other(s)’ in the discourse of the SpanishPartido Popular,1977–2015
Authors: Atkinson David , Ramblado Cinta 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper we argue that aspects of the discourse of the governing party in Spain at the time of writing, thePartido Popular, and its predecessor (1976–1989),Alianza Popular, reveal a marked continuity in its self-presentation and its representation of its adversaries, spanning the entire period from its origins in the immediate post-Franco period of the late 1970s to the present. We conclude that the type of construction we describe can be found in the discourse of many of the party’s most prominent figures, that it is central to the entire historical trajectory ofAP/PP, and in some cases is in the process of becoming if anything more explicit.
Effect of Si on the partitioning of Mn between cementite and ferrite
Authors: Tu Yiyou , Huang Linghui , Zhang Qi , Zhou Xuefeng , Jiang Jianqing 
Published: December 2017

The interlamellar spacings of pearlitic steels gradually increase as the isothermal transformation temperatures, correspondingly, the tensile strengths decrease, satisfying the Hall–Petch relationship. Si virtually completes its partitioning process during the eutectoid transformation. A depletion of Mn and an accumulation of Si are found in the concentration profiles of 0.95%-Si steel transformed at 793 K in the ferrite, but not in 0.22%-Si steel. It may attribute them to the Si–Mn diffusional flux couplings, which due to the strong interaction between Si and Mn atoms in the α-Fe. Transformation temperature increases to 873 K, a large amount of Mn atoms coming from ferrite cannot timely diffusion to cementite lamella core, forming a localised retention of Mn in the cementite phase side nearby the interface. This is part of a thematic issue on Pearlitic Steel Wires.
Curcumin and its derivatives inhibit 2,3,7,8,-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin-induced expression of drug metabolizing enzymes through aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated pathway
Authors: Nakai Rika , Fukuda Shun , Kawase Masaya , Yamashita Yoko , Ashida Hitoshi 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Certain dioxins, including 2,3,7,8,-tetrachloro-dibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), are exogenous ligands for an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and induces various drug-metabolizing enzymes. In this study, we examined the effect of curcumin on expression of drug-metabolizing enzymes through the AhR and NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathways. Curcumin dose-dependently inhibited TCDD-induced expression of phase I enzyme cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and phase II enzymes NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1 (NQO1) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) but not tert-butyl hydroquinone-induced NQO1 and HO-1, suggesting that curcumin inhibited only AhR pathway, but not Nrf2 one directly. Furthermore, we used 14 curcumin derivatives and obtained the correlation between hydrophobicity of the compounds and suppressive effect against AhR transformation. Results from the quantitative structure active correlative analysis indicated that methoxy groups and β-diketone structure possessing keto-enol tautomerism in curcumin were necessary to inhibit AhR transformation, and the addition of methyl and methoxy group(s) to the curcumin increased the inhibition effect.
Testing of Two Selective Flatfish Sorting-Grid Bycatch Reduction Devices in the U.S. West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Fishery
Authors: Lomeli Mark J. M. , Wakefield W. Waldo , Herrmann Bent 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
In the U.S. West Coast limited-entry (LE) groundfish bottom trawl fishery, catches of stocks with restrictive harvest limits (e.g., Darkblotched Rockfish Sebastes crameri, Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria, and Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis) continue to hinder many fishermen's ability to fully utilize their quota shares of more abundant flatfish stocks (e.g., Dover Sole Microstomus pacificus and Petrale Sole Eopsetta jordani). We used a recapture net to examine the size-selection characteristics of two selective flatfish sorting-grid bycatch reduction devices (BRDs), which were designed to reduce catches of Pacific Halibut and non-flatfish species while retaining target flatfishes. The two devices were identical in materials and design except that the sorting-grid dimensions differed (BRD-1: 6.4- × 25.4-cm grid size; BRD-2: 6.4- × 30.5-cm grid size). The size selectivity for rockfishes, other roundfishes, Pacific Halibut, English Sole Parophrys vetulus, and Rex Sole Glyptocephalus zachirus did not differ significantly between the two designs. However, for 53–58-cm TL Arrowtooth Flounder Atheresthes stomias, 39–53-cm TL Dover Sole, and 36–49-cm TL Petrale Sole, BRD-1 retained significantly higher proportions of these length-classes than did BRD-2. Combined, the mean flatfish retention by weight (not including Pacific Halibut) was 89.3% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 87.1–91.5%) for BRD-1 and 81.7% (95% CI = 80.0–83.4%) for BRD-2. Compared to previous flatfish sorting-grid selectivity work conducted in the LE bottom trawl fishery, BRD-1 showed the ability to improve the overall retention of flatfishes while reducing catches of nontarget and constraining species.
ASAR: visual analysis of metagenomes in R
Authors: Orakov Askarbek N , Sakenova Nazgul K , Sorokin Anatoly , Goryanin Igor I 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Functional and taxonomic analyses are critical steps in understanding interspecific interactions within microbial communities. Currently, such analyses are run separately, which complicates interpretation of results. Here we present the ASAR interactive tool for simultaneous analysis of metagenomic data in three dimensions: taxonomy, function, metagenome.

Results
An interactive data analysis tool for selection, aggregation and visualization of metagenomic data is presented. Functional analysis with a SEED hierarchy and pathway diagram based on KEGG orthology based upon MG-RAST annotation results is available.

Availability and implementation
Source code of the ASAR is accessible at GitHub (https://github.com/Askarbek-orakov/ASAR).
Integrating 5hmC and gene expression data to infer regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Mitrea Cristina , Wijesinghe Priyanga , Dyson Greg , Kruger Adéle , Ruden Douglas M , Drăghici Sorin , Bollig-Fischer Aliccia 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Epigenetic mechanisms are known to play a major role in breast cancer. However, the role of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) remains understudied. We hypothesize that 5hmC mediates redox regulation of gene expression in an aggressive subtype known as triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). To address this, our objective was to highlight genes that may be the target of this process by identifying redox-regulated, antioxidant-sensitive, gene-localized 5hmC changes associated with mRNA changes in TNBC cells.

Results
We proceeded to develop an approach to integrate novel Pvu-sequencing and RNA-sequencing data. The result of our approach to merge genome-wide, high-throughput TNBC cell line datasets to identify significant, concordant 5hmC and mRNA changes in response to antioxidant treatment produced a gene set with relevance to cancer stem cell function. Moreover, we have established a method that will be useful for continued research of 5hmC in TNBC cells and tissue samples.

Availability and implementation
Data are available at Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) under accession number GSE103850.
Massive stars in the Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy
Authors: Garcia Miriam 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Low metallicity massive stars hold the key to interpret numerous processes in the past Universe including re–ionization, starburst galaxies, high-redshift supernovae, and γ-ray bursts. The Sagittarius Dwarf Irregular Galaxy [SagDIG, 12+log(O/H) = 7.37] represents an important landmark in the quest for analogues accessible with 10-m class telescopes. This Letter presents low-resolution spectroscopy executed with the Gran Telescopio Canarias that confirms that SagDIG hosts massive stars. The observations unveiled three OBA-type stars and one red supergiant candidate. Pending confirmation from high-resolution follow-up studies, these could be the most metal-poor massive stars of the Local Group.
Predictability of Supine Radiographs for Determining In-Brace Correction for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Cheung Jason Pui Yin , Yiu Karen Kar Lum , Vidyadhara Srinivasa , Chan Peggy Pui Yee , Cheung Prudence Wing Hang , Mak Kin Cheung 
Published: December 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective radiographic study.

Objective.
To assess whether flexibility as revealed by the supine radiograph, predicts in-brace curve correction.

Summary of Background Data.
Currently there is no consensus regarding a standard method to assess curve flexibility and immediate brace effectiveness in treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Brace fabrication methods may be variable but ideally it should achieve maximal curve correction. Curve flexibility governs the degree of curve correction in-brace and hence dynamic radiographs are commonly performed prior to brace fitting.

Methods.
This was a radiographic analysis of AIS patients treated with underarm bracing. Correlation of pre-brace, supine, and immediate in-brace Cobb angles was performed. Relationship with possible contributing factors including age, sex, body height, weight, age at menarche and Risser staging was studied. Major and minor curves were compared independently for correlation but the regression model was constructed based on the major curve only.

Results.
From 105 patients with mean age of 12.2 ± 1.2 years at brace fitting, supine Cobb angle measurement has significant correlation with immediate in-brace Cobb angle (r = 0.740). Univariate analyses showed no significant relationship with age, weight, height, date of menarche, Risser stage or pre-brace Cobb angle. Our regression model (in-brace Cobb angle = 0.809 × supine Cobb angle) had good fit of the data.

Conclusion.
Supine radiograph predictably determines the flexibility of the scoliotic curve to brace treatment. It can be used as a guideline to determine the amount of correction achievable with brace-wear. The effectiveness of the brace is dependent on the inherent flexibility of the curve rather than its size or type.

Level of Evidence: 3
Anatomical Study of a Novel Iliosacral Screw Placement for Sacrum-Pelvis in Adult Via Computed Tomography Reconstruction
Authors: Sun Xu , Li Song , Qiu Yong , Chen Zhonghui , Chen Xi , Xu Liang , Zhu Zezhang 
Published: December 2017

Study Design.
This is a cross-sectional study.

Objective.
To investigate the feasibility and safety of a novel iliosacral screw placement for sacrum-pelvis in adult pelvis by computed tomography (CT) reconstruction.

Summary of Background Data.
The optimal technique of spino-pelvic fixation is still being developed and redefined. However, neither the relevant anatomic parameters nor the potential spinal canal involvement for a novel iliosacral screw placement have been clearly analyzed.

Methods.
A total of 60 adults with normal pelvis, with the age ranging from 24 to 79 years old, were included in this study. Based on three-dimensional (3D) CT reconstruction of each pelvis, virtual iliosacral screw channel was identified bilaterally, the trajectory of which was characterized with the optimal width and length from the ilium to the sacrum. The virtual iliosacral screw channel that holding the greatest width and length of osseous channel was measured by rotating the 3D pelvis. Measurements of the determined channel on either side included iliosacral-screw-related and connector-related parameters.

Results.
There was a virtual iliosacral screw channel passing through the ilium, the iliosacral joint and then into the sacrum on either side of each pelvis. The caudal angle, convergent angle, and maximal length were 16.3 ± 3.0°, 61.3 ± 5.9°, 97.0 ± 5.6 mm in male, respectively. In female, they were 16.4 ± 3.9°, 63.0 ± 5.5° and 96.2 ± 6.0 mm, respectively. The ideal direction of the connector was from posteromedial to anterolateral. The cephalad angle, divergent angle, and embedding depth of the connector were 28.0 ± 5.7°, 28.7 ± 5.9° and 19.0 ± 2.9 mm in male, respectively. In female, they were 26.7 ± 6.1°, 27.0 ± 5.5° and 16.4 ± 2.6 mm, respectively.

Conclusion.
It is safe and feasible to place the iliosacral screw when performing this novel instrumentation. Preoperative CT imaging and 3D reconstructions may help to determine the correct entry point and the trajectory of iliosacral screw.

Level of Evidence: 5
Risk Factors of Impaired Neuropsychologic Outcome in School-Aged Survivors of Neonatal Critical Illness*
Authors: Leeuwen Lisette , Schiller Raisa M. , Rietman André B. , van Rosmalen Joost , Wildschut Enno D. , Houmes Robert Jan M. , Tibboel Dick , IJsselstijn Hanneke 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
Until now, long-term outcome studies have focused on general cognitive functioning and its risk factors following neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and/or congenital diaphragmatic hernia. However, it is currently unknown which neuropsychological domains are most affected in these patients and which clinical variables can be used to predict specific neuropsychological problems. This study aimed to identify affected neuropsychological domains and its clinical determinants in survivors of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and/or congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Design:
Prospective follow-up study.

Setting:
Tertiary university hospital.

Patients:
Sixty-five 8-year-old survivors of neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and/or congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
Intelligence, attention, memory, executive functioning and visuospatial processing were evaluated using validated tests and compared with Dutch reference data. Assessed risk factors of outcome were illness severity indicators, number of anesthetic procedures in the first year of life, and growth at 1 year. Patients had average intelligence (mean intelligence quotient ± sd, 95 ± 16), but significantly poorer sustained attention (mean z score ± sd, –2.73 ± 2.57), verbal (immediate, –1.09 ± 1.27; delayed, –1.14 ± 1.86), and visuospatial memory (immediate, –1.48 ± 1.02; delayed, –1.57 ± 1.01; recognition, –1.07 ± 3.10) than the norm. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation–treated congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients had significantly lower mean intelligence quotient (84 ± 12) than other neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation patients (94 ± 10) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia patients not treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (100 ± 20). Maximum vasoactive-inotropic score was negatively associated with delayed verbal (B = –0.02; 95% CI, –0.03 to –0.002; p = 0.026) and visuospatial memory (B = –0.01; 95% CI, –0.02 to –0.001; p = 0.024).

Conclusions:
We found memory and attention deficits in 8-year-old neonatal extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and congenital diaphragmatic hernia survivors. The maximum dose of vasoactive medication was negatively associated with verbal and visuospatial memory, which may suggest an effect of early cerebral hypoperfusion in determining these abnormalities.
Endoscopic Corneal Neurotization: Technique and Initial Experience
Authors: Leyngold Ilya , Weller Christopher , Leyngold Mark , Tabor Mark 
Published: December 2017

Purpose:
The authors describe a minimally invasive surgical technique to re-establish corneal sensibility in a patient with neurotrophic keratopathy with the supraorbital nerve harvested endoscopically.

Methods:
Pedicled contralateral supraorbital nerve was harvested endoscopically through small eyelid crease and scalp incisions and transferred to the affected eye.

Results:
Endoscopic corneal neurotization was successfully performed with restoration of corneal sensibility and corneal epithelial integrity.

Conclusions:
The use of an endoscope allows for a minimally invasive approach to successful corneal neurotization with the supraorbital nerve.
Induction of chronic migraine phenotypes in a rat model after environmental irritant exposure
Authors: Kunkler Phillip Edward , Zhang LuJuan , Johnson Philip Lee , Oxford Gerry Stephen , Hurley Joyce Harts 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Air pollution is linked to increased emergency department visits for headache and migraine patients frequently cite chemicals or odors as headache triggers, but the association between air pollutants and headache is not well understood. We previously reported that chronic environmental irritant exposure sensitizes the trigeminovascular system response to nasal administration of environmental irritants. Here, we examine whether chronic environmental irritant exposure induces migraine behavioral phenotypes. Male rats were exposed to acrolein, a transient receptor potential channel ankyrin-1 (TRPA1) agonist, or room air by inhalation for 4 days before meningeal blood flow measurements, periorbital cutaneous sensory testing, or other behavioral testing. Touch-induced c-Fos expression in trigeminal nucleus caudalis was compared in animals exposed to room air or acrolein. Spontaneous behavior and olfactory discrimination was examined in open-field testing. Acrolein inhalation exposure produced long-lasting potentiation of blood flow responses to a subsequent TRPA1 agonist and sensitized cutaneous responses to mechanical stimulation. C-Fos expression in response to touch was increased in trigeminal nucleus caudalis in animals exposed to acrolein compared with room air. Spontaneous activity in an open-field and scent preference behavior was different in acrolein-exposed compared with room air–exposed animals. Sumatriptan, an acute migraine treatment blocked acute blood flow changes in response to TRPA1 or transient receptor potential vanilloid receptor-1 agonists. Pretreatment with valproic acid, a prophylactic migraine treatment, attenuated the enhanced blood flow responses observed after acrolein inhalation exposures. Environmental irritant exposure yields an animal model of chronic migraine in which to study mechanisms for enhanced headache susceptibility after chemical exposure.
Gait Deviations Associated With Concussion: A Systematic Review
Authors: Manaseer Thaer S. , Gross Douglas P. , Dennett Liz , Schneider Kathryn , Whittaker Jackie L. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Gait deviations resulting from concussion are important to consider in the diagnosis, treatment progression, and return to activity after a concussion.

Objective:
To identify quantifiable gait deviations associated with concussion across populations and time since injury.

Methods and Materials:
Six electronic databases were systematically searched from January 1974 to September 2016. Studies selected included original data, had an analytic design, and reported a quantifiable gait parameter in individuals who had sustained a concussion as defined by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine or related definitions. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines were followed. Two independent authors assessed study quality [Downs and Black (DB) criteria] and level of evidence (Oxford Center of Evidence-Based Medicine Model).

Results:
Of 2650 potentially relevant articles, 21 level 4 studies were included. The median DB score was 12/33 (range 10-16). Heterogeneity in gait parameters and timing of postconcussion testing precluded meta-analysis. There is consistent level 4 evidence of increased medial-lateral center-of-mass displacement, and inconsistent level 4 evidence of decreased gait velocity after concussion. Further, there is preliminary level 4 evidence that gait deficits may exist beyond the typical 10-day recovery period and return to activity.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that individuals who have suffered a concussion may sway more in the frontal plane, and walk slower compared to healthy controls. Consensus about the most important gait parameters for concussion diagnosis and clinical management are lacking. Further, high-quality prospective cohort studies evaluating changes in gait from time of concussion to return to activity, sport, recreation and/or work are needed.