bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ендотелій та системне запалення: роль ядерних транскрипційних факторів і терапевтичні можливості (огляд літератури)
Authors: Degtjar N.I. , Gerasimenko N.D. , Rasin M.S. 
Published: September 2016

Ендотелій відіграє винятково важливу роль у фізіології та патології людини. Ендотеліальна дисфункція: формування прозапального та протромботичного фенотипу ендотеліальних клітин, надлишкова продукція цитокинів запалення, зниження продукції вазодилататорів і збільшення вазоконстрикторів та протромботичних медіаторів — основа патогенезу системного запалення (СЗ) та асоційованих із ним хвороб: артеріальної гіпертонії, атеросклерозу, ішемічної хвороби серця, ожиріння, цукрового діабету 2-го типу. Ядерний транскрипційний фактор каппа В (NFkB) є головним індуктором СЗ в ендотеліальних клітинах, а рецептори, що активуються проліфераторами пероксисом (PPAR-α, -β/-δ і -γ), — антагоністи NFkB — регуляторами інтенсивності СЗ. Вивчення молекулярних механізмів дії NFkB і PPAR дозволяє використовувати антагоніст NFkB — метформін і агоніст PPAR-γ — піоглітазон у лікуванні захворювань, пов’язаних із СЗ, а також сподіватися на створення нових препаратів.
The Association between Compensated Absences Liabilities and Interest Cost on Public School Districts' General Obligation Bonds
Authors: Ragland Linda G. 
Published: September 2016

SYNOPSIS
In this study, I examine whether compensated absences liabilities are associated with interest cost on public school districts' general obligation bonds. This research question is motivated by the lack of transparency surrounding the accounting for compensated absences and by how the potential size of the liability can affect the government debt market. Using archival data, I analyze public school districts' bond issuance reports along with corresponding financial information. Separating the liability for compensated absences into the current and non-current portions due, I find a significant positive association between the current (but not the non-current) portion and interest cost. The results suggest that the debt market may be unsure about what is being reported as non-current. The amount may be considered too noisy a measure because of uncertainty tied to the quality of the numbers and/or thoughts that longer-term management decisions related to the liability can be altered.
Getting Caught “Sugar Coating”: The Behavioral Implications of Using a Decision Aid That Detects Linguistic Manipulations in Financial Disclosures
Authors: Triki Anis , Arnold Vicky 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Evidence from recent studies suggests that management strategically uses linguistic manipulations to “sugar coat” corporate narratives particularly when it is to their advantage. Research also suggests that investors are influenced by these manipulations and that they are not capable of detecting them on their own. Emerging technologies such as textual analysis software are capable of analyzing corporate narratives; however, their impact on investors' decision making remains unknown. This manuscript explores the effect of these emerging technologies a priori to their availability and investigates whether providing investors with a decision aid (DA) that is capable of detecting linguistic manipulations can be an effective tool that can be used by investors. We theorize that these DAs may have an effect on investors' judgment and decision making and that their effect may interact with other contextual factors such as management incentive to provide a more optimistic disclosure when the news is not necessarily good. More precisely, we investigate the effect of management incentive and the detection of linguistic manipulations in management's disclosures on investors' perceptions of disclosure credibility and willingness to invest, and whether the detection of linguistic manipulations moderates the impact of management incentive. Results show that both management incentive and detection of linguistic manipulations have a significant effect on investors' perceptions of disclosure credibility and willingness to invest. Therefore, these DAs can be an effective tool that investors can use to detect linguistic manipulations.
International AC: An Education Case on Continuous Monitoring SQL Server Data with ODBC-Linked Tables in Microsoft Access
Authors: Lambert Sherwood Lane , Holladay Jon , Drum Dawna M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
This education case teaches students Continuous Auditing/Continuous Monitoring (CA/CM) using Open Database Connectivity (ODBC) connections from students' Microsoft Access (Access) to tables in Microsoft SQL Server (SQL Server). First, the institution's database administrator (DBA) imports the student tables provided with the Teaching Notes into the institution's SQL Server with read-only access. In Access, students create ODBC connections to the SQL Server student tables. Then, students create Access queries using the ODBC-linked tables to monitor for anomalies. During a scheduled week, the DBA, in coordination with the faculty member, enters anomalies in the SQL Server student tables at random times, and students run their Access queries to identify the anomalies.
Designing Audit Apps for Armchair Auditors to Analyze Government Procurement Contracts
Authors: Dai Jun , Li Qiao 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Each year, governments around the world spend billions of dollars purchasing a wide variety of goods and services. These governments must spend their money wisely in order to eliminate fraud, waste, and abuse of taxpayer dollars. Although government contracting systems are supposed to be transparent, people may still take advantage of these systems to gain benefits, which leads to high-risk contracts and, sometimes, costly government frauds. Recently, governments in some countries have started open data initiatives in order to make government operations more transparent to their citizens. With the open data, a new type of auditor, called an armchair auditor, could play an important role in monitoring government spending. An armchair auditor could be anyone who has an interest in government expenditures and who usually uses technologies to perform analyses on open data. Few studies have discussed how armchair auditors can better use the open data and what data analytics tools could be applied. To that end, this paper proposes a list of audit apps that could assist armchair auditors in analyzing open government procurement data. These apps could help investigate procurement data from different perspectives, such as validating contractor qualification, detecting defective pricing, etc. This paper uses Brazilian federal government procurement contract data to illustrate the functionality of these apps; however, the apps could be applied to open government data in a variety of other nations.
Long-term skeletodental stability of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis: Tooth-borne vs hybrid distraction appliances
Authors: Durham Julia N , King John W , Robinson Quinton C , Trojan Terry M 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: To evaluate and compare the long-term skeletodental stability of mandibular symphyseal distraction osteogenesis (MSDO) achieved with the use of tooth-borne vs. hybrid distraction appliances.Materials and Methods: Posttreatment and follow-up orthodontic records were collected for 33 patients. The 14 patients who underwent distraction with a tooth-borne appliance had a mean follow-up of 5.08 years. The 19 patients who underwent distraction with a hybrid appliance had a mean follow-up of 6.07 years. Records included intraoral photographs, study models, postero-anterior cephalometric radiographs, and lateral cephalometric radiographs. Total changes of 16 measurements were analyzed to compare patients who underwent the tooth-borne vs. the hybrid distraction.Results: Both groups shared several similar and significant (P &lt; .05) changes from posttreatment to follow-up records. Cast analysis showed a decrease in intercanine width and arch length and an increase in irregularity index. The postero-anterior cephalometric radiograph showed an increase in the width of the interincisal apices. The lateral cephalometric radiograph showed a decrease in the MP-L1 angle. The only statistically significant difference between the two appliances was the intercentral incisor contact point.Conclusion: Changes found are consistent with those found in untreated and orthodontically treated individuals over time. The long-term changes in the current patient sample can be determined to be expected and acceptable. MSDO is a viable treatment option with the use of either a hybrid or tooth-borne appliance.
Vocational choices made by alumni of the Leadership Program for Veterinary Students at Cornell University
Authors: Fraser David R. , Parker John S. L. , McGregor Douglas D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare vocational aspirations and outcomes of participants in the 10-week Leadership Program for Veterinary Students at Cornell University.
DESIGN Survey.
SAMPLE Veterinary students who participated in the program between 1990 and 2013.
PROCEDURES Questionnaires that sought information about the career aspirations of participants at the beginning and end of the program were reviewed, along with records documenting the career progression of participants, audio recordings of interviews conducted with students, and notes of vocation-oriented counseling sessions held during each year's program.
RESULTS At the conclusion of the program, 143 of 174 (82%) participants indicated they were more likely than not to undertake research training after completing their veterinary degree, compared with 106 of 174 (61%) at the beginning. Participation also stimulated interest in residency training and industry, but did little to promote interest in careers in government or the military. The percentage of participants who indicated they were more likely than not to pursue additional training in private practice decreased from 97 of 174 (56%) at the beginning of the program to 75 of 174 (43%) at the end. Information on career progression was available for 391 individuals, of whom 177 (45%) were pursuing careers of the kind envisioned by the program. However, 189 (48%) participants had a career in general or specialty clinical practice.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Leadership Program appeared to have a short-term influence on careers anticipated by program participants. However, a substantial proportion pursued careers in clinical practice after graduation.
Comparison of clinical signs and outcomes between dogs with presumptive ischemic myelopathy and dogs with acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion
Authors: Fenn Joe , Drees Randi , Volk Holger A. , De Decker Steven 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare clinical signs and outcomes between dogs with presumptive ischemic myelopathy and dogs with presumptive acute noncompressive nucleus pulposus extrusion (ANNPE).
DESIGN Retrospective study.
ANIMALS 51 dogs with ischemic myelopathy and 42 dogs with ANNPE examined at 1 referral hospital.
PROCEDURES Medical records and MRI sequences were reviewed for dogs with a presumptive antemortem diagnosis of ischemic myelopathy or ANNPE. Information regarding signalment, clinical signs at initial examination, and short-term outcome was retrospectively retrieved from patient records. Long-term outcome information was obtained by telephone communication with referring or primary-care veterinarians and owners.
RESULTS Compared with the hospital population, English Staffordshire Bull Terriers and Border Collies were overrepresented in the ischemic myelopathy and ANNPE groups, respectively. Dogs with ANNPE were significantly older at disease onset and were more likely to have a history of vocalization at onset of clinical signs, have spinal hyperesthesia during initial examination, have a lesion at C1-C5 spinal cord segments, and be ambulatory at hospital discharge, compared with dogs with ischemic myelopathy. Dogs with ischemic myelopathy were more likely to have a lesion at L4-S3 spinal cord segments and have long-term fecal incontinence, compared with dogs with ANNPE. However, long-term quality of life and outcome did not differ between dogs with ischemic myelopathy and dogs with ANNPE.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results revealed differences in clinical signs at initial examination between dogs with ischemic myelopathy and dogs with ANNPE that may aid clinicians in differentiating the 2 conditions.
Surgical management of multiple metatarsal fractures in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera)
Authors: Desprez Isabelle , Pignon Charly , Decambron Adeline , Donnelly Thomas M. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
CASE DESCRIPTION A 3-month-old sexually intact female chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) was examined for sudden onset of non–weight-bearing lameness of the right hind limb.
CLINICAL FINDINGS On physical examination, the right pes was swollen. An open wound on the medial aspect of the metatarsal region exposed the second metatarsal bone, and the pes was displaced laterally. Radiographs of the right pes revealed oblique displaced fractures of the 4 metatarsal bones.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Surgical treatment was elected, and enrofloxacin was administered prior to surgery. The protruding fragment of the second metatarsal bone was excised, and the third and fourth metatarsal bones were repaired with intramedullary pins and external skeletal fixation. The chinchilla was bearing weight on the affected limb 9 days after surgery with only mild lameness. The implants were removed 35 days after surgery when radiographs showed bony union of the third and fourth metatarsal bones and continued reduction of the fractures of the second and fifth metatarsal bones. Fifty-six days after surgery, the chinchilla was bearing full weight on the limb, and radiographs showed bony union of the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings suggested that intramedullary pinning combined with an epoxy resin external fixator may be an effective technique for metatarsal fracture repair in chinchillas. This method allowed physiologic positioning of the limb and functional hind limb use during fracture healing. Prospective studies of fracture healing in exotic small mammals are indicated.
Survey of referring veterinarians’ perceptions of and reasons for referring patients to rehabilitation facilities
Authors: Alvarez Leilani X. , Fox Philip R. , Van Dyke Janet B. , Grigsby Patrick 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify patterns of referral to US small animal rehabilitation facilities, document referring veterinarians’ perceptions of rehabilitation services, and examine factors that encouraged and impeded referral of veterinary patients to rehabilitation facilities.
DESIGN Cross-sectional survey.
SAMPLE 461 completed surveys.
PROCEDURES Referral lists were obtained from 9 US rehabilitation facilities, and surveys were emailed or mailed to 2, 738 veterinarians whose names appeared on those lists. Data obtained from respondents were used to generate descriptive statistics and perform χ2 tests to determine patterns for referral of patients to rehabilitation facilities.
RESULTS 461 surveys were completed and returned, resulting in a response rate of 16.8%. The margin of error was < 5% for all responses. Most respondents (324/461 [70.3%]) had referred patients for postoperative rehabilitation therapy. Respondents ranked neurologic disorder as the condition they would most likely consider for referral for future rehabilitation therapy. The most frequently cited reason for not referring a patient for rehabilitation therapy was perceived cost (251/461 [54.4%]) followed by distance to a rehabilitation facility (135/461 [29.3%]). Specialists were more likely than general practitioners to refer patients for rehabilitation therapy. The majority (403/461 [87.4%]) of respondents felt that continuing education in the field of veterinary rehabilitation was lacking.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated a need for continuing education in small animal rehabilitation for veterinarians. Improved knowledge of rehabilitation therapy will enable veterinarians to better understand and more specifically communicate indications and benefits for pets receiving this treatment modality.
Guidelines for reporting health research: what authors should check before submitting an article
Authors: Sharma Apurb , Aryal Diptesh 
Published: September 2016

With the publication of the 2016 September issue, Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal (JSAN) has published its revised instruction to authors. The editorial board of JSAN has taken all possible steps to ensure the quality of the material published in the journal remains high and advise the authors to use the minimum set of items needed for a complete and clear description of the research methodology, findings of the study and discussion of the results. The new instructions to authors abide by the recommendations of the Equator Network and guide the authors to follow the checklists and guidelines to report their findings.
A Transdisciplinary History of the Disappearance of the Aral Sea
Authors: Fusco Idamaria , Quagliarotti Desirée A.L. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In these last decades the Aral Sea in Central Asia, one of largest inland bodies of water on the planet, has undergone a drying process with very serious environmental consequences for the whole area. Its story is very complex and has its origin in the history, in particular in the rule of this area by the former Soviet Union. Therefore, in this essay we have tried to offer a transdisciplinary interpretation of such an environmental disaster, going back to the past. In fact, we are sure that only a long-term view can help us to better understand what really happened in Central Asia. So, after a brief description of the geography of this area, we have dealt with its history, from the Tsarist period till nowadays. The present socio-economic and environmental situation in the Aral Sea area is analysed in the last part of this essay, where we also underline that such a disaster can be well explained in the light of the Marxist (and of the Soviet) idea of exploiting nature without any respect for it, in order to attain goals. In this case the goals revolved around the idea of building a strong State within the international competition exacerbated during the years of the Cold War. In this sense, beyond every difference in ideology, communism and capitalism have demonstrated that they have many things in common and, between them, an anthropocentric vision of nature. Such a vision can lead to severe environmental damage, as the Aral Sea disaster well shows.
The Rise and Fall of Dairy Cows in Socialist Cuba
Authors: Funes-Monzote Reinaldo 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Cuban revolution of 1959 represents in some sense a reaction against the traditional and omnipresent dominance of sugar cane agroindustry in the countryside and national economy. The first agrarian reform of 17 May provoked reaction from estates under foreign and local ownership and the confrontation with the US government, who supported their companies and maintained a secular control over Cuba’s economy. Consequently, the revolutionary government moved towards new alliances with the communist block and proclaimed the socialist character of the revolution. With this new support and because of difficulties with programmes for agricultural diversification and industrialisation, from 1964 there began a new age of sugar exportation under the control of the State, as an engine of the economy. At the same time, the government developed programmes for other crops and the modernisation and diversification of livestock production to create the basis for industrialisation. Until the 1980s, the intensification of Cuban agriculture depended on the huge increase of mechanisation, chemical fertilisation and irrigation in order to increase yields and replace human and animal labour. Besides increasing agricultural exportation, the goal was the growth of local food supply, for example of animal protein sources. This model had some achievements, but in parallel increased dependency on external inputs and created different environmental problems. Finally, the vulnerabilities of this model were evident after the crisis of the Cuban economy in the 1990s, when the support of the former Soviet Union ended. Intensive agriculture suffered a big collapse, mainly in the export-oriented crops and intensive livestock markets, opening a new age for an agricultural model less dependent on external inputs, with more attention to local resources, and the beginnings of some level of recovery from centuries of ecological deterioration in the rural landscape.
Environmental Degradation in China under Mao and Today: A Comparative Reflection
Authors: Shapiro Judith 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

This essay reflects on the arguments made in two books on China’s environmental degradation, the first on the Mao period (
Mao’s War against Nature
), the second on contemporary China (
China’s Environmental Challenges
). It identifies continuities and discontinuities in the underlying forces driving China’s extreme environmental problems. Under Mao, the deep drivers of environmental harm included political repression, utopian urgency, dogmatic formalism and forcible relocations. Nowadays, drivers include globalisation, population increase, urbanisation, the rise of the middle class, challenges of governance and weak civil society, and the displacement of environmental harm across time and space. To what extent has China’s willingness to become the world’s manufacturing hub changed the basic dynamics of environmental harm in the country? Do themes such as lack of public participation and access to information, as well as the State’s need to secure resources in its border territories (and, now, overseas) point to continuities, even as the level of degradation has risen to levels unimaginable as China stood on the brink of reform in 1978? This essay argues that there are both continuities and discontinuities. It concludes with a discussion of the drivers of environmental protection, and an acknowledgment that the Chinese government is going to great lengths to deal with China’s environmental crisis. Although some drivers of environmental harm are intractable, others may yet be redirected and permit grounds for hope.
The Danube Pontoon Bridge of Pest-Buda (1767-1849) as an Indicator and Victim of the Climate Change of the Little Ice Age
Authors: Rácz Lajos 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Traffic began flowing over the pontoon bridge connecting Pest and Buda in 1767. The pontoon bridge was rebuilt many times in the course of its 82-year history. During the winter months it could not be used because of ice flows on the river. The history of the bridge’s use is relatively well documented, with contemporary newspapers reporting regularly on events connected to the pontoon bridge’s use. The bridge was dismantled at the onset of lasting cold weather and the appearance of ice on the river and only replaced after the annual thaw. We can describe the duration of cold weather in the winter impacting on the disintegration and rebuilding of the pontoon bridge as an ‘outer winter’ and the duration the Danube was frozen, the long cold period, as an ‘inner winter’. As the two cases complement each other in several aspects, use was also made of new reports concerning the pontoon bridge in Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia) in addition to the data from the pontoon bridge of Pest-Buda. The winters of the last decade of the eighteenth and first decade of the nineteenth century were unusually mild and it is certain that the Danube did not freeze up on eleven occasions in two decades. However, from the 1810s, ice-free winters became extraordinarily rare and it is clearly visible that a new climatic regime had got underway. The transitional period fell in the 1810s as the centre of gravity of last big cooling period of the Little Ice Age, based on the mean temperature of winters, started from the middle of the 1820s and ended in the mid-1840s in the Carpathian Basin.