bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of Nontoxic Polymeric UV-Absorber with Great Resistance to UV-Photoaging
Authors: Huang Zhong , Ding Aishun , Guo Hao , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this article, we developed a series of new nontoxic polymeric UV-absorbers through covalently attaching a benzophenone derivative onto the main chain of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) via mild and quantitative click chemistry. Azide groups were firstly introduced into the backbone of PVC via a nucleophilic reaction without affecting polymeric skeleton. Copper-catalyzed Husigen-Click cycloaddition reaction was performed between the pendant azide groups of PVC and alkynyl of (2-hydroxy-4-(prop-2-ynyloxy)phenyl)(phenyl)methanone at ambient temperature for affording the desired PVC-based UV-absorbers (PVC-UV) with different amounts of benzophenone moieties, which displayed great resistance to photoaging without degradation while exposed to UV irradiation. These polymeric UV-absorbers also showed good solubilities in common organic solvents and no cytotoxicity vs. HaCat cell. Small amounts of PVC-UV were homogeneously mixed with PVC as additive for stabilizing PVC against UV-photoaging without degradation and releasing small molecule even after 200 h while keeping thermal stability. This route of polymeric additive clearly paved an efficient way for solving the puzzle of separation of small molecule additive.
Brachypodium distachyon T-DNA insertion lines: a model pathosystem to study nonhost resistance to wheat stripe rust
Authors: An Tianyue , Cai Yanli , Zhao Suzhen , Zhou Jianghong , Song Bo , Bux Hadi , Qi Xiaoquan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWheat stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (PST), is one of the most destructive diseases and can cause severe yield losses in many regions of the world. Because of the large size and complexity of wheat genome, it is difficult to study the molecular mechanism of interaction between wheat and PST. Brachypodium distachyon has become a model system for temperate grasses’ functional genomics research. The phenotypic evaluation showed that the response of Brachypodium distachyon to PST was nonhost resistance (NHR), which allowed us to present this plant-pathogen system as a model to explore the immune response and the molecular mechanism underlying wheat and PST. Here we reported the generation of about 7,000 T-DNA insertion lines based on a highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system. Hundreds of mutants either more susceptible or more resistant to PST than that of the wild type Bd21 were obtained. The three putative target genes, Bradi5g17540, BdMYB102 and Bradi5g11590, of three T-DNA insertion mutants could be involved in NHR of Brachypodium distachyon to wheat stripe rust. The systemic pathologic study of this T-DNA mutants would broaden our knowledge of NHR, and assist in breeding wheat cultivars with durable resistance.
Adjunctive selective estrogen receptor modulator increases neural activity in the hippocampus and inferior frontal gyrus during emotional face recognition in schizophrenia
Authors: Ji E , Weickert C S , Lenroot R , Kindler J , Skilleter A J , Vercammen A , White C , Gur R E , Weickert T W 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEstrogen has been implicated in the development and course of schizophrenia with most evidence suggesting a neuroprotective effect. Treatment with raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, can reduce symptom severity, improve cognition and normalize brain activity during learning in schizophrenia. People with schizophrenia are especially impaired in the identification of negative facial emotions. The present study was designed to determine the extent to which adjunctive raloxifene treatment would alter abnormal neural activity during angry facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia. Twenty people with schizophrenia (12 men, 8 women) participated in a 13-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial of adjunctive raloxifene treatment (120 mg per day orally) and performed a facial emotion recognition task during functional magnetic resonance imaging after each treatment phase. Two-sample t-tests in regions of interest selected a priori were performed to assess activation differences between raloxifene and placebo conditions during the recognition of angry faces. Adjunctive raloxifene significantly increased activation in the right hippocampus and left inferior frontal gyrus compared with the placebo condition (family-wise error, P<0.05). There was no significant difference in performance accuracy or reaction time between active and placebo conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first evidence suggesting that adjunctive raloxifene treatment changes neural activity in brain regions associated with facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia. These findings support the hypothesis that estrogen plays a modifying role in schizophrenia and shows that adjunctive raloxifene treatment may reverse abnormal neural activity during facial emotion recognition, which is relevant to impaired social functioning in men and women with schizophrenia.
Childhood trauma predicts antidepressant response in adults with major depression: data from the randomized international study to predict optimized treatment for depression
Authors: Williams L M , Debattista C , Duchemin A-M , Schatzberg A F , Nemeroff C B 
Published: May 2016

AbstractFew reliable predictors indicate which depressed individuals respond to antidepressants. Several studies suggest that a history of early-life trauma predicts poorer response to antidepressant therapy but results are variable and limited in adults. The major goal of the present study was to evaluate the role of early-life trauma in predicting acute response outcomes to antidepressants in a large sample of well-characterized patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). The international Study to Predict Optimized Treatment for Depression (iSPOT-D) is a randomized clinical trial with enrollment from December 2008 to January 2012 at eight academic and nine private clinical settings in five countries. Patients (n=1008) meeting DSM-IV criteria for MDD and 336 matched healthy controls comprised the study sample. Six participants withdrew due to serious adverse events. Randomization was to 8 weeks of treatment with escitalopram, sertraline or venlafaxine with dosage adjusted by the participant’s treating clinician per routine clinical practice. Exposure to 18 types of traumatic events before the age of 18 was assessed using the Early-Life Stress Questionnaire. Impact of early-life stressors—overall trauma ‘load’ and specific type of abuse—on treatment outcomes measures: response: (⩾50% improvement on the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, HRSD17 or on the 16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology—Self-Rated, QIDS_SR16) and remission (score ⩽7 on the HRSD17 and ⩽5 on the QIDS_SR16). Trauma prevalence in MDD was compared with controls. Depressed participants were significantly more likely to report early-life stress than controls; 62.5% of MDD participants reported more than two traumatic events compared with 28.4% of controls. The higher rate of early-life trauma was most apparent for experiences of interpersonal violation (emotional, sexual and physical abuses). Abuse and notably abuse occurring at ⩽7 years of age predicted poorer outcomes after 8 weeks of antidepressants, across the three treatment arms. In addition, the abuses occurring between ages 4 and 7 years differentially predicted the poorest outcome following the treatment with sertraline. Specific types of early-life trauma, particularly physical, emotional and sexual abuse, especially when occurring at ⩽7 years of age are important moderators of subsequent response to antidepressant therapy for MDD.
YN/VD connected balance transformer‐based electrical railway negative sequence current compensation system with passive control scheme
Authors: Xie Bin , Zhang Zhiwen , Hu Sijia , Li Yong , Luo Longfu , Sun Shubo 
Published: May 2016

A new negative sequence current compensation system (NSCCS) is proposed to improve the power quality in electrical railway power system. The NSCCS consists of a balance transformer in YN/VD connection and a three‐phase converter. The balance transformer used here can supply both two‐phase voltages with 27.5 kV for electrical locomotives and three‐phase voltages for low‐ or medium‐voltage converter. So, a large‐capacity step‐down transformer used to match the voltage of converter is not necessary, which can significantly reduce not only the total cost of the equipment, but also the area of the substation. The system topology is introduced and the compensation principle, mathematical model, detection method, and control strategy are expounded. The non‐linear passive control method for the converter is adopted to design the controller to get a good compensation performance. The simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the compensation system.
Prospects of Zn(O,S) as an alternative buffer layer for Cu2ZnSnS4 thin‐film solar cells from numerical simulation
Authors: Zhang Hong , Cheng Shuying , Yu Jinling , Zhou Haifang , Jia Hongjie 
Published: May 2016

Zn(O,S) is an attractive alternative to CdS as a buffer layer of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS)‐based solar cell due to its higher bandgap and environmental friendliness. In this work, CZTS solar cell with a structure of CZTS/Zn(O,S)/Al:ZnO was simulated by Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). The impacts of thickness and acceptor concentration of CZTS, thickness and donor concentration of Zn(O,S) and operating temperature on the performance of CZTS solar cells were investigated. It has been obtained that the optimum thickness of CZTS is between 2000 and 3000 nm and that of Zn(O,S) is about 50 nm. The suitable doping concentrations of CZTS and Zn(O,S) layers are around 1016 and 1017 cm−3, respectively. The temperature coefficient of efficiency is about −0.023 %/K in the CZTS solar cell. All these simulation results will provide some important guidelines for fabricating high efficient CZTS solar cells.
Assessment of a Learning Strategy among Spine Surgeons
Authors: Gotfryd Alberto Ofenhejm , Corredor Jose Alfredo , Teixeira William Jacobsen , Martins Delio Eulálio , Milano Jeronimo , Iutaka Alexandre Sadao 
Published: May 2016

Study Design Pilot test, observational study. Objective To evaluate objectively the knowledge transfer provided by theoretical and practical activities during AOSpine courses for spine surgeons. Methods During two AOSpine principles courses, 62 participants underwent precourse assessment, which consisted of questions about their professional experience, preferences regarding adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) classification, and classifying the curves by means of the Lenke classification of two AIS clinical cases. Two learning strategies were used during the course. A postcourse questionnaire was applied to reclassify the same deformity cases. Differences in the correct answers of clinical cases between pre- and postcourse were analyzed, revealing the number of participants whose accuracy in classification improved after the course. Results Analysis showed a decrease in the number of participants with wrong answers in both cases after the course. In the first case, statistically significant differences were observed in both curve pattern (83.3%, p  =  0.005) and lumbar spine modifier (46.6%, p  =  0.049). No statistically significant improvement was seen in the sagittal thoracic modifier (33.3%, p  =  0.309). In the second case, statistical improvement was obtained in curve pattern (27.4%, p  =  0.018). No statistically significant improvement was seen regarding lumbar spine modifier (9.8%, p  =  0.121) and sagittal thoracic modifier (12.9%, p  =  0.081). Conclusion This pilot test showed objectively that learning strategies used during AOSpine courses improved the participants' knowledge. Teaching strategies must be continually improved to ensure an optimal level of knowledge transfer.
Thirty-Day Morbidity Associated with Pelvic Fixation in Adult Patients Undergoing Fusion for Spinal Deformity
Authors: Kothari Parth , Somani Sulaiman , Lee Nathan J. , Guzman Javier Z. , Leven Dante M. , Skovrlj Branko , Steinberger Jeremy , Kim Jun , Cho Samuel K. 
Published: May 2016

Study Design Retrospective study of prospectively collected data. Objective To determine if patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery with pelvic fixation are at an increased risk of morbidity. Methods The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program is a large multicenter clinical registry that prospectively collects preoperative risk factors, intraoperative variables, and 30-day postoperative morbidity and mortality outcomes from ~400 hospitals nationwide. Current Procedural Terminology codes were used to query the database between 2010 and 2014 for adults who underwent fusion for spinal deformity. Patients were separated into groups of those with and without pelvic fixation. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the effect of pelvic fixation on the incidence of postoperative morbidity and other surgical outcomes. Results Multivariate analysis showed that pelvic fixation was a significant predictor of overall morbidity (odds ratio [OR] = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.7 to 3.1, p = 0.0002), intra- or postoperative blood transfusion (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.7 to 3.1 p < 0.0001), extended operative time (OR = 4.7, 95% CI: 3.1 to 7.0 p < 0.0001), and length of stay > 5 days (OR = 2.1, 95% CI 1.5 to 2.8, p < 0.0001) in patients undergoing fusion for spinal deformity. However, fusion to the pelvis did not lead to additional risk for other complications, including wound complications ( p = 0.3191). Conclusion Adult patients undergoing spinal deformity surgery with pelvic fixation were not susceptible to increased morbidity beyond increased blood loss, greater operative time, and extended length of stay.
Partnerships and the past: reflections on 1940s community centre endeavours of the National Fitness Council
Authors: Madsen Wendy 
Published: May 2016

Issue addressedMultisectoral and multilevel partnerships have been used in Australia since the 1940s to promote health. Examination of historical partnerships can offer insights into current practice.MethodsHistorical method was used to analyse archival material regarding the role of the National Fitness Council (NFC) and its partnerships under the Federal Government's program to establish community centres.ResultsInadequate funding, messy organisational structures, a broadly defined goal and limited capacity within the NFC inhibited its work in regards to community centres.ConclusionsAlthough the policy of establishing community centres was ultimately unsuccessful, this examination has analysed the partnerships between the NFC and various levels of governments, and the effect of the political and economic context on them.So what?Current health promotion practitioners can draw on the past to gain insight into potential problems and issues.
Thy1+IL-7+lymphatic endothelial cells in iBALT provide a survival niche for memory T-helper cells in allergic airway inflammation
Authors: Shinoda Kenta , Hirahara Kiyoshi , Iinuma Tomohisa , Ichikawa Tomomi , Suzuki Akane S. , Sugaya Kaoru , Tumes Damon J. , Yamamoto Heizaburo , Hara Takahiro , Tani-ichi Shizue , Ikuta Koichi , Okamoto Yoshitaka , Nakayama Toshinori 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceA substantial proportion of people have intractable chronic allergic diseases for which no curative treatment exists. A clear understanding of how these allergic diseases develop and persist is lacking. Here, unique ectopic lymphoid-like structures called inducible bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue were found to be formed during chronic airway inflammation, and were critical in persistent inflammation. In addition, we identified a Thy1+IL-7+IL-33+subset of lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) that support the maintenance of memory-type pathogenic T helper 2 (Tpath2) cells. A similar population of IL-7+IL-33+LECs was found in nasal polyps of patients with eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis. Thus, we revealed that Thy1+IL-7–producing LECs control chronic allergic airway inflammation by supporting memory-type Tpath2 cells in human and mouse systems.
Predicting the evolutionary dynamics of seasonal adaptation to novel climates in
Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Fournier-Level Alexandre , Perry Emily O. , Wang Jonathan A. , Braun Peter T. , Migneault Andrew , Cooper Martha D. , Metcalf C. Jessica E. , Schmitt Johanna 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Anticipating the effect of climate change on plants requires understanding its evolutionary consequence on traits and genes in complex realistic environments. How seasonal variation has an impact on the dynamics of adaptation in natural populations remains unclear. We simulated adaptation to different climate change scenarios, grounding our analysis in experimental data and explicitly exploring seasonal variation. Seasonal variation dramatically affected the dynamics of adaptation: Marked seasonality led to genetic differentiation within the population to different seasonal periods, whereas low seasonality led to a single population with fast-evolving fitness. Our results suggest the prevalence of phenotypic plasticity across environmental conditions in determining how climate change will shift selection on traits and loci. In this unpredictable context, maintaining broad genomic diversity is critical.
Three-dimensionally preserved minute larva of a great-appendage arthropod from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota
Authors: Liu Yu , Melzer Roland R. , Haug Joachim T. , Haug Carolin , Briggs Derek E. G. , Hörnig Marie K. , He Yu-yang , Hou Xian-guang 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceUnderstanding the nature of the Cambrian radiation involves knowing not only the morphologies of adult animals but also their developmental pathways. However, fossil evidence of early larvae is rare. Here we describe a well-preserved 2-mm-long larva of the short-great-appendage arthropodLeanchoilia illecebrosafrom the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota. The exceptional 3D preservation has allowed our microcomputed tomography analyses to resolve a series of rudimentary limb Anlagen in the posterior portion of the larva—an arrangement resembling that in late-stage eucrustacean metanauplii.L. illecebrosais considered as an early representative of either chelicerates or of euarthropods as a whole. Therefore, this discovery provides fossil evidence that posthatching segment addition is a feature rooted in the ancestor of Euarthropoda.
Bacteriocin from epidemicListeriastrains alters the host intestinal microbiota to favor infection
Authors: Quereda Juan J. , Dussurget Olivier , Nahori Marie-Anne , Ghozlane Amine , Volant Stevenn , Dillies Marie-Agnès , Regnault Béatrice , Kennedy Sean , Mondot Stanislas , Villoing Barbara , Cossart Pascale , Pizarro-Cerda Javier 
Published: May 2016

SignificanceListeria monocytogenesis a bacterial pathogen responsible for listeriosis, a foodborne disease characterized by septicemia and abortion in pregnant women. The most severe listeriosis outbreaks are associated with a subset of bacterial epidemic clones, although the underlying virulence mechanisms of these clones remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that these epidemic strains secrete a bacteriocin specifically in the gut and alter host intestinal microbiota, allowingL. monocytogenescolonization of the intestine and, consequently, invasion of deeper organs. Therefore, our work shows that epidemic listeriosis implicates not only interactions betweenL. monocytogenesand host cells, but also interactions betweenL. monocytogenesand the host intestinal microbiota that are critical for the establishment of infection.
Dopamine pathway is highly diverged in primate species that differ markedly in social behavior
Authors: Bergey Christina M. , Phillips-Conroy Jane E. , Disotell Todd R. , Jolly Clifford J. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Our study provides insight into the genetic factors underpinning complex behaviors via comparative study of wild primates differing in social system. This research is among the first investigations of social behavior through population genomic scans for adaptive divergence in wild primate groups using an unparalleled sample set that spans decades. Our main conclusion, that a dopamine pathway underlies the social behavioral differences seen, offers comparative insight into the evolution of human behavioral and psychiatric phenotypes. We suggest that variation in impulsivity or boldness has played a major role in the evolution of socially complex species such as primates.
Regulation of genetic flux between bacteria by restriction–modification systems
Authors: Oliveira Pedro H. , Touchon Marie , Rocha Eduardo P. C. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
The role of restriction–modification (R-M) as bacteria's innate immune system, and a barrier to sexual exchange, has often been challenged. Recent works suggested that the diversification of these systems might have driven the evolution of highly virulent bacterial lineages. Here, we showed that R-M systems were more abundant in species enduring more DNA exchanges and that within-species flux of genetic material was higher when cognate systems were present. Presumably, bacteria enduring frequent infections by mobile elements select for the presence of more numerous R-M systems, but rapid diversification of R-M systems leads to varying patterns of sexual exchanges between bacterial lineages.
Selective expression of mutant huntingtin during development recapitulates characteristic features of Huntington’s disease
Authors: Molero Aldrin E. , Arteaga-Bracho Eduardo E. , Chen Christopher H. , Gulinello Maria , Winchester Michael L. , Pichamoorthy Nandini , Gokhan Solen , Khodakhah Kamran , Mehler Mark F. 
Published: May 2016

Significance
Research initiatives in Huntington’s disease (HD) have traditionally focused on defining the biological processes mediating neuronal dysfunction and death during adult life. In contrast to these classical approaches, we have shown that selective exposure to the pathogenic protein during development recapitulates characteristic features of HD. These findings support the hypothesis that putative HD-associated developmental impairments in neurogenesis contribute to regional cellular vulnerabilities to late-life stressors leading to dysfunction culminating in cell death. An implication of our findings is that the spectrum of developmental alterations can be held in check for many decades after the birth of these vulnerable neuronal subtypes, thus defining a previously unidentified window for therapeutic interventions at a time when irreversible neural degeneration has not yet occurred.