bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DIGNIFICAR A VIDA PELA ÉTICA DO CUIDADO: COMPROMISSO DO SER HUMANO
Authors: Wahlbrinck Ilíria François 
Published: January 2018

A ação extensionista Vida: questão ética e de cuidado objetiva difundir a Ética do Cuidado como fator de princípio rumo à sustentabilidade da vida digna no planeta, auxiliando no cuidado à vida de forma integral e integrada. Apoiada numa visão sistêmica, compreende o mundo e o conviver em termos de relações e integração utilizando, em seu desenvolvimento, o método dialético. Fundamentado no pensamento de Heidegger, Freire e Dussel, defende dar-se a cura por uma ética baseada em princípios universais que não podem ser negados, negligenciados, olvidados ou negociados: vida digna, liberdade e justiça. Implica em um ethos compreendido como jeito, modo, forma de ser e de (com)viver. Estimula uma atitude prática de apoiar/criar atos conducentes à autonomia do ser numa relacionalidade saudável com o meio em que vive e com o outro ser sob a perspectiva do Cuidado. Cuidar não é apenas ver e ouvir o outro, mas ajudar a promovê-lo em seu modo de ser para que tenha dignidade de vida e no (com)viver. A necessidade da (re)vitalização do Cuidado como saber e fazer e da ética como Ética do Cuidado é imperativo para a consciência sobre a humaneidade do ser humano. As ações desenvolvidas visam fortalecer a extensão como elo que liga universidade e comunidade procurando dinamizar o processo ensino-pesquisa-extensão e divulgar que a URI, como universidade, encontra-se comprometida com uma causa que visa dignificar a existência do ser humano pelo Cuidado assumido como ethos.
ESTATUTO DO IDOSO E DIREITOS HUMANOS: CONTRIBUINDO NA FORMAÇÃO DA CRIANÇA E DO ADOLESCENTE
Authors: Schoab Fabiane Maria , Lima Fernandes Seremeta Édina Claudia , De Santana Karini , De Oliveira Maria Iolanda , Semchechem Gruczka Neoli Cristina , Malucelli Andressa Pacenko 
Published: January 2018

RESUMO: À medida que se busca compreender a temática em relação aos Direito Humanos, referenciamos preferencialmente através do artigo, os direitos dos Idosos, previstas na Lei N° 10.741 de 1° de outubro de 2003- Estatuto do Idoso. Salientando questões como qualidade de vida, longevidade, respeito, valorização da pessoa idosa e ainda sobre a permanência do desafio de se eliminar os preconceitos ainda existentes na sociedade. A partir da problematização dessa temática, apontamos a experiência do NASJEPI- Núcleo de Assistência Social Jurídica e de estudos sobre a Pessoa Idosa que desenvolve oficinas lúdicas para estudantes de escolas fundamentais. A importância de desenvolver este trabalho é causar reflexão sobre o processo de envelhecimento, contribuir na educação dos alunos, e ainda no seu desenvolvimento intelectual e social. Dessa maneira a geração jovem estará espelhando suas ações, tornando-se cidadãos ativos, comprometidos com a causa e promovendo um ambiente mais agradável de viver em sociedade. Palavras-chave: Direitos Humanos. Estatuto do Idoso. Pessoa Idosa. Educação.
Apresentação
Authors: Oushiro Lívia 
Published: January 2018

Há 50 anos, em 1966, publicava-se a primeira edição da tese de doutorado de William Labov, The Social Stratification of English in New York City, obra seminal dos estudos sociolinguísticos da variação linguística. No Brasil, a semente variacionista encontrou campo fértil, com diversos grupos de pesquisa e trabalhos que se desenvolveram desde fins da década de 1970, cujos conceitos e métodos, até hoje, remetem à tese de Labov.
Perennialization and Cover Cropping Mitigate Soil Carbon Loss from Residue Harvesting
Authors: Jones Curtis D. , Oates Lawrence G. , Robertson G. Philip , Izaurralde R. Cesar 
Published: January 2018

While the US Midwest is expected to serve as a primary feedstock source for cellulosic biofuel production, the impacts of residue harvesting on soil organic carbon (SOC) may greatly limit sustainable production capacity. However, viable feedstock production could be realized through adoption of management practices and cropping systems that offset residue‐harvest‐induced SOC losses. Sequestration of SOC can be enhanced by increasing the duration of crop soil cover through cover or double cropping or cultivation of dedicated perennials. However, assessing the efficacy of such options across sites and over long periods is experimentally challenging. Hence, we use the Environmental Productivity Integrated Climate (EPIC) model to provide such an assessment. Model‐data integration was used to calibrate and evaluate model suitability, which exhibited reasonable effectiveness through R2 of 0.97 and 0.63 for SOC stock and yield, respectively. Long‐term simulations indicate considerable capacity for offsetting SOC loss. Incorporating rye (Secale cereal L.) into continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and corn–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] systems offset the SOC losses induced by harvesting 21.2 and 38.3% of available stover, respectively. Similarly, converting 20.4% of corn–soybean land to miscanthus (Miscanthus ×giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize) or 27.5% of land to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) offset the SOC impacts of harvesting 60% of stover from the remaining corn–soybean lands. These responses indicate that adoption of such measures would sizably affect the life cycle consequences of residue‐derived biofuels and expand estimates of sustainable cellulosic feedstock production capacity from the US Midwest.Core Ideas
EPIC suitably assessed SOC under annual, cover, double, and perennial crops.
Perennial cultivation offset the SOC losses of considerable residue harvesting.
Rye double crops offset sizable residue‐induced SOC losses.
Adoption could greatly expand Midwestern sustainable biofuel production capacity.
Solid Cattle Manure Less Prone to Phosphorus Loss in Tile Drainage Water
Authors: Wang Y. T. , Zhang T. Q. , Tan C. S. , Qi Z. M. , Welacky T. 
Published: January 2018

Forms (e.g., liquid and solid) of manure influence the risk of P loss after land application. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of P‐based application of various forms of cattle manure (liquid, LCM; or solid, SCM) or inorganic P as triple superphosphate (IP) on soil P losses in tile drainage water. A 4‐yr field experiment was conducted in a clay loam soil with a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation in the Lake Erie basin. Over the 4 yr, the dissolved reactive P (DRP) flow‐weighted mean concentration (FWMC) in tile drainage water was greater under SCM fertilization than under either IP or LCM fertilization. Despite its lower value on an annual basis, DRP FWMC rose dramatically immediately after LCM application. However, the differences in DRP FWMC did not result in detectable differences in DRP loads. Regarding particulate P and total P losses during the 4 yr, they were 68 and 47%, respectively, lower in the soils amended with SCM than in those with IP, whereas both values were similar between IP and LCM treatments. Overall, the P contained in solid cattle manure was less prone to P loss after land application. Accordingly, the present results can provide a basis for manure storage and application of best management practices designed to reduce P losses and improve crop growth.Core Ideas
Phosphorus‐based addition of liquid and solid manure was evaluated on P loss.
Liquid manure increased dissolved P loss immediately after application.
Solid and liquid manures had long‐term dissolved P loss similar to fertilizer P.
Solid manure reduced particulate P and total P loss over the long term.
The Contrasting Effects of Alum‐Treated Chicken Manures and KH2PO4 on Phosphorus Behavior in Soils
Authors: Huang Lidong , Yang Junming , Xu Yuting , Lei Jiayan , Luo Xiaoshan , Cade‐Menun Barbara J. 
Published: January 2018

Alum [KAl(SO4)2⋅12H2O] is often added to chicken manure to limit P solubility after land application. This is generally ascribed to the formation of Al‐PO4 complexes. However, Al‐PO4 complex formation could be affected by the matrix of chicken manure, which varies with animal diet. Alum was added to KH2PO4 (as a reference material) and two manures from typical chicken farms in China, one from an intensive farm (CMIF) and another from free‐ranging chickens (CMFR). These were subsequently incubated with soils for 100 d to investigate P transformations. Alum reduced water‐soluble colorimetrically reactive phosphorus (RP) from soils amended with manure more effectively than in soils amended with KH2PO4. Alum addition lowered Mehlich‐3 RP in soils with CMFR but had no influence on Mehlich‐3 RP in CMIF‐ or KH2PO4–amended soils. A comparison of P in digested Mehlich‐3 extracts with RP in undigested samples showed significantly increased P in digests of alum‐treated CMFR only. Fractionation data indicated that alum treatment increased P in the NH4F‐RP (Al‐P) fraction only in soils with KH2PO4, but not in soils with manure treatments. Furthermore, NaOH‐extracted nonreactive P was markedly higher in soil with alum‐treated CMFR relative to normal CMFR. The CMFR manure was assumed to contain higher concentrations of organic P because these chickens were fed grains only. These results suggest that the formation of alum‐organic P complexes may reduce P solubility. By comparing alum‐treated KH2PO4 and manures, it appears that organic matter in manure could interfere with the formation of Al‐PO4 complexes.Core Ideas
Alum reduced WSP from soils amended with manure more effectively than KH2PO4.
Alum treatment increased P in the Al‐P fraction only in soils with KH2PO4.
Alum could stabilize alum‐organic P complexes in chicken manure to resist degradation.
Near‐Surface Soil Property Responses to Forage Production in a Semiarid Region
Authors: Liebig M. A. , Hendrickson J. R. , Franco J. G. , Archer D. W. , Nichols K. , Tanaka D. L. 
Published: January 2018

Core Ideas
Information about forage‐induced changes to soil properties is lacking.
Soil responses to perennial forages were quantified in a semiarid region over 5 yr.
Perennial forages maintained or improved near‐surface soil conditions.
However, effects were subtle and changes to soil properties occurred slowly.
Integration of perennial forages in annual cropping systems can expand ecosystem service benefits to agricultural landscapes. Such benefits are frequently derived from changes to soil properties. Unfortunately, there is limited guidance for agricultural producers regarding the length of time needed to accrue soil condition improvements under perennial forages, particularly for semiarid regions. The objective of this study was to quantify soil responses to perennial grasses, legumes, and grass–legume mixtures over a 5‐yr year period in a semiarid region. Select soil physical and chemical properties were measured within five perennial forage treatments and under annual cropping over a 5‐yr period on a Parshall fine sandy loam near Mandan, ND. Treatment effects on soil properties were limited to the surface 10 cm. Differences in soil properties between spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and perennial forages were most frequent following the fourth stand year. Compared with spring wheat, perennial forages mitigated soil acidification (by 0.26–0.65 pH units), reduced soil bulk density (by 0.04–0.08 Mg m–3), and increased particulate organic matter (POM) (by 0.41 g C kg–1) and water‐stable aggregates (by 3.8%). Among perennial forages, intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium L.) and intermediate wheatgrass–field pea (Pisum sativum L) mixture followed by alfalfa (Medicago spp.) reduced soil bulk density (by 0.06–0.11 Mg m–3) and increased POM (by 0.24–0.92 g C kg–1) compared with alfalfa following 4‐ and 5‐yr perennial forage stands. While these outcomes suggest perennial forages can improve the near‐surface soil condition, accrual of improvements may be slow and subtle in semiarid regions.
Analytical solutions for predicting the maximum pressure drop after pump failure in long-distance water supply project
Authors: Fan Cheng-yu , Zhang Jian , Yu Xiao-dong 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The water hammer caused by pump failure in a long-distance pressurized pipe system generally poses a severe threat to the safety of the whole system. The maximum pressure drop at the pump end of the discharge line is significant for the safety assessment of the pipelines. In this study, the characteristics of the pump-stopping water hammer and its propagation in the pipelines are analyzed. The formula for predicting the maximum pressure drop is deduced based on the Method of Characteristics and the complete characteristics of the pumps. The application conditions of the formula and the solution procedures are presented as well. In addition, two engineering cases are introduced and the results calculated by the formula are compared with those resulting from the numerical simulation, and the agreement is satisfactory. The formula presented in this study is of simple form, practical and of high precision, and can provide a theoretical basis for the water hammer protection scheme of a long-distance water supply project.
Removal of toxic metals using endocarp of açaí berry as biosorbent
Authors: Gonçalves Affonso Celso , Schwantes Daniel , Campagnolo Marcelo Angelo , Dragunski Douglas Cardoso , Tarley César Ricardo Teixeira , Silva Arthur Kinkas dos Santos 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The effectiveness of açaí endocarp as biosorbent for removal of Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cr3+ from single solute solutions was analyzed. The biomass of açaí endocarp was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and determining the point of zero charge. The optimum conditions for adsorption process were obtained at solution pH 6.0 for Cd(II) removal, pH 5.0 for Pb(II) removal, and, pH 4.0 for Cr(III). Furthermore, the average optimum efficiency of biosorbent in the optimum conditions was 8, 20 and 12 g of biosorbent per litre of contaminant solution, respectively, for Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cr(III). The best dynamic equilibrium time was reached at 60 min and Langmuir's model had the best fit for Cd(II) and Cr(III) biosorption, indicating a monolayer adsorption. Freundlich's model exhibited the best fit for Pb(II) ion. Elution rates were low, indicating a strong metal interaction with the adsorbent's surface. Thermodynamic parameters showed a spontaneous and endothermal process in the case of Cd(II) and Pb(II) ions, but not for Cr(III) ion, which appears to be an exothermic process. Results show that the use of the açaí biosorbent may be a promising alternative for the remediation of polluted water, due to its low cost and highly availability.
BERAPA KEBUTUHAN DIAZEPAM UNTUK MEMENUHI PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DI INDONESIA? STUDI KASUS KONSUMSI DIAZEPAM DI INDONESIA
Authors: W Nunung Priyatni 
Published: January 2018

Diazepam adalah obat esensial golongan benzodiazepin yang penggunaannya diawasi secara nasional dan global, oleh karena itu ketersediaan untuk pelayanan kesehatan harus dapat terpenuhi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji kebutuhan diazepam dengan menganalisis konsumsi diazepam selama 5 tahun dari tahun 2010 sampai dengan tahun 2014 serta menghitung kebutuhan yang harus tersedia. Penelitian studi kasus dengan pendekatan diskriptif analitik. Menggunakan data sekunder untuk mengkaji penggunaan diazepam selama tahun 2010 sampai dengan tahun 2014. Penggunaan diazepam dihitung berdasarkan data konsumsi, yaitu data produksi, impor dan ekspor. Nilai konsumsi diazepam (dalam kg) per tahun diubah dalam “Define Daily Doses for Statistical purposes” (S-DDD). S-DDD adalah unit teknis pengukuran untuk tujuan analisis statistik dan tidak direkomendasikan untuk dosis peresepan. Menghitung kebutuhan diazepam untuk penderita gangguan jiwa berdasarkan nilai S-DDD. Konsumsi diazepam mengalami penurunan selama tahun 2010 sampai dengan tahun 2014. Konsumsi tertinggi pada tahun 2010 dan terendah pada tahun 2014, rerata konsumsi diazepam selama 5 tahun sebesar 0,36 S-DDD.Ketersediaan diazepam belum mencukupi untuk kebutuhan penderita gangguan jiwa.Sebagai obat esensial konsumsi diazepam di Indonesia masih rendah, belum mencukupi untuk memenuhi pelayanan kesehatan. Kuantifikasi kebutuhan yang tepat diperlukan untuk memenuhi ketersediaan dan akses pasien mendapat pengobatan.
KAJIAN PENGGUNAAN ANTIBIOTIK PADA PASIEN DIARE AKUT DI BANGSAL RAWAT INAP ANAK
Authors: Trisnowati Kristina Eni , Irawati Sylvi , Setiawan Eko 
Published: January 2018

Pemberian terapi antibiotik untuk pasien diare akut anak yang kurang tepat merupakan salah satu tantangan dalam bidang kesehatan di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Fenomena tersebut berpotensi meningkatkan biaya kesehatan yang seharusnya dapat dihindari di era implementasi program Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan deskripsi profil penggunaan dan biaya antibiotik pada pasien diare akut anak yang menjalani rawat inap. Penelitian observasional ini dilakukan secara prospektif selama April-Juli 2015. Rekam medis pasien serta data tagihan biaya perawatan (billing) pasien digunakan sebagai bahan penelitian. Konfirmasi dengan tenaga kesehatan lain, jika diperlukan, dilakukan pada saat proses visite bersama dengan tenaga kesehatan lain. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan antibiotik dan biaya. Sebanyak 43 pasien anak memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian ini. Hampir seluruh pasien (93,02%) mendapatkan antibiotik dan sefalosporin generasi ketiga (69,23%) merupakan golongan antibiotik yang paling banyak diresepkan baik dalam bentuk tunggal maupun kombinasi. Sebanyak 45,49% (rentang 2,13%-79,48%) dari total biaya obat dialokasikan untuk penggunaan antibiotik. Rata-rata lama perawatan pada pasien diare akut non disentri dengan dan tanpa terapi antibiotik adalah 4,72 hari dan 2,5 hari, secara berturut-turut. Penggunaan antibiotik yang lazim diberikan kepada pasien diare akut anak tidak memperpendek lama tinggal di rumah sakit. Peresepan antibiotik pada pasien anak dengan diare akut perlu dipertimbangkan lebih lanjut dengan mempertimbangkan peta kuman lokal rumah sakit.
Syndicate Size and the Choice of Covenants in Debt Contracts
Authors: Saavedra Daniel 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
I investigate whether and how syndicate size influences the type of covenants used in debt contracts. Prior theory and evidence suggest renegotiation considerations from coordination difficulties in large syndicates and intertemporal transfers due to relationship lending in small syndicates are factors in the design of covenants. I find that for large syndicates, borrowers and lenders avoid the use of flexibility-reducing covenants that are more likely to impact negatively on value-enhancing corporate policies in good states of the world. This effect becomes stronger when the borrower has fewer outside financing options. Additionally, I find contracts with large syndicates are more likely to have more covenant slack, include performance pricing provisions, have tailored capital expenditure covenants, and principally rely on covenants that are directly linked to the current performance of the borrower. Collectively, these results imply that syndicate size and related renegotiation considerations affect how accounting information is used in debt contracts.
JEL Classifications: G32; G21; C78; L14.
Control and Coordination of Design-Driven Innovation Processes: Case Evidence from the Automotive Industry
Authors: Berhausen Nico Peter , Thrane Sof 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
The control and coordination of design and technological innovation pose a dilemma for design-driven organizations because the measurability of design and technological innovation differ. On one hand, a product's aesthetic value might increase if its design is separated from technological innovation and if design is controlled by means other than those used in technological innovation. On the other hand, tight integration is warranted because a product's design affects its cost, technical performance, and manufacturability. This dilemma is the focus of the paper. The paper contributes to extant literature in several ways. First, it conceptualizes control as a process that manages design and technological innovation through distinct, separate control mechanisms. Second, it analyzes and develops three modes of convergence through which the potentially contradictory concerns of design and technological development can be compared and evaluated. Finally, the paper suggests that coordination can be achieved through convergence processes that unfold and develop over time.
O espaço social e o tempo histórico na era global: entre dinâmicas culturais inclusivas e excludentes
Authors: Santos James Washington Alves dos 
Published: January 2018

Este artigo buscou estudar com base em pesquisa bibliográfica os conceitos de espaço social e tempo histórico trazendo para o debate a contribuição de diversos autores das Ciências Humanas. No nosso objetivo é problematizar temas como: espaço social, tempo histórico, globalização e cosmopolitismo, populismo e xenofobia, elementos que geram nos ajudam a entender a crise da pertença e das origens. Na medida em que o tribalismo aumenta, reforça a existência de Estados murados na tentativa de manter uma soberania em declínio. Os ideais da luta de classes enquanto uma história política e filosófica perdem sentido e o ser humano se atomiza cada vez mais. Estes sinais para Domenico Losurdo e F. V. Paleólogo revelam a emergência de um direito social sob sequestro. Assim, fomos da emergência humanitária ao estado de exceção, como disse S. Sassen, gerando migrações massivas a Europa, pulsões, brutalidade e complexidade na economia global. São os tempos dos muros caídos (fronteiras) e dos muros erguidos (desigualdades). Palavras-Chave: espaço social, tempo histórico, globalização, populismo, xenofobia
El conocimiento humano
Authors: González Fabiano Diego Nahuel 
Published: January 2018

Revisando la Investigación sobre el conocimiento humano de DavidHume, encontramos una idea poco humeana: La división entre Relaciones de ideas y cuestiones de hecho. Es, al menos, mucho más importante que esa división, ciertamente equívoca, la diferencia que puede haber entre dos proposiciones según la cantidad y la fiabilidad de la información de que disponemos sobre cada una. Por otra parte, he querido resaltar las cercanías con Nietzsche en su aversión al extremo orgullo de los hombres respecto de su intelecto
Entrevista a un cavernísofo
Authors: Negrete Juan A. , Rojas Alejandro 
Published: January 2018

Entrevista a Juan. A. Negrete, premio anual 2014 a la promoción de la filosofía y la cultura en Málaga. El premio se hace extensivo a la red de blogs: Cavernisofía, Cavernética y Cavernisofíasegundaplanta.
Modificar la condición del pobre o la raison d'être de lo democrático
Authors: González Cabañas Francisco Tomás 
Published: January 2018

Desde hace décadas que tanto la ciencia política, como el enfoque de lo político desde lo filosófico, se debe o debe, resignificar el contrato social, redefinir el principio de igualdad, y acotar el significante extenso y polisémico de lo de democrático, para consignarle un valor diferente, sobre todo para aquellos que el estado los tiene para la obligación sin velar por sus derechos, para que en la jornada electoral, a estos invisibilizados se los empodere con el valor de cinco (5) a cada uno de sus votos, dignificándolos para sacarlos del estado de víctimas que impone el prebendedarismo, la compra de votos o los bolsones de mercadería (una práctica muy extendida en Latinoamérica) que en definitiva carcome y deslegitima la democracia actual que se pretende, como finalidad restaurar el contrato social y reconstruir el principio de igualdad de acuerdo a categorías aún no transitadas. Creemos que de tal manera, a nivel teórico lo democrático estará acendrado en una representatividad taxativa y explícita, que será la de tener como prioridad el sujeto histórico de la condición (la del pobre para modificarla) a los efectos de abandonar el actual sujeto histórico, el individuo y su individualismo, que es contradictorio en su funcionalidad y definición.