bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Religious Beliefs and Practices
Authors: Keister Lisa A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Religious beliefs and practices are fundamental to who people are, and they are critical to the well-being of individuals, families, and societies. Religion gives purpose to individuals’ lives, can motivate hard work and moral behavior, and can have enormous positive physical and psychological benefits. This chapter explores differences among Catholics and between Catholics and other Americans in their religious beliefs and practices. It shows that white and Latino Catholics have similar religious beliefs and practices, including levels of religious strength, participation in Mass and other religious practices, and views of issues with religious significance. They differ in their reports of having a born-again experience and views of divorce. However, both white and Latino Catholics diverge notably from Church teaching on key beliefs and practices.
Love
Authors: Murshid Nadine Shaanta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 shows how love is a location of freedom, as it is often experienced as a pushback against cultural norms that make romantic love oddly lewd, even unruly, shameful, and dirty. At the same time, however, it also becomes a form of unfreedom as violence finds its way in through the ragged intimacies of personal relationships.
Dialectical Aunties
Authors: Murshid Nadine Shaanta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 4, “Dialectical Aunties,” illustrates how social norms impact the intimacies of middle-class transnational Bangladeshi women. The chapter highlights the centrality of sociality on young women’s behaviors and desires as women navigate a dense web of aunties that play discursive roles in determining their futures through both gossip and support, often without even knowing it. This chapter theorizes that fictive kin, in this case, aunties, are the human containers of social norms who work toward making other women into patriarchy-abiding governors of their bodies and those of their daughters and daughters-in-law. In doing so, they become governors of all of society’s girls and young women, and the intimate and public spaces they navigate, while creating just enough fissures, fractions, and frictions to foster resistance against the patriarchy, thereby establishing their dialectical role in maintaining systems of oppression.
Home
Authors: Murshid Nadine Shaanta 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6, “Home,” explores the question of what home means for transnational Bangladeshi women. This chapter shows that the multiple homes of migrant women come into conflict with one another, making certain forms of safety unsafe when the institution of home is where violence is enacted. This chapter illustrates how some forms of violence are subsumed to prevent other forms of violence.
Free Exercise
Authors: Beneke Chris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Free Exercise traces the routes by which Americans arrived at the First Amendment’s religion clauses, the cultural currents that shaped their meaning, and the consequences that flowed from them. The book also demonstrates how white women, African Americans, Jews, Roman Catholics, and nonbelievers expanded the application of religious liberty—and illuminated its boundaries. Free Exercise uses the religion clauses’ contested phrases to take stock of the era’s social environment and collective imagination, explaining how provisions for religious liberty became attractive to early national voters and lawmakers. It investigates what the founding generation agreed about, what they disagreed about, and what they could not bear mentioning. The book’s early chapters consider how the religion clauses came into being and what they likely meant for contemporaries. Later chapters examine their relationship to memories of religious violence, free market practices, religious civility, gender and racial exclusion, and unbelief.
Changes
Authors: Beneke Chris 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on James Madison’s journey toward the religion clauses, beginning with his experiences in his home state of Virginia and at the College of New Jersey (Princeton). It follows him through his early work on Virginia’s religious liberty provisions, then to the First Amendment’s religion clauses. The chapter describes the political exigencies that drove Madison, as well as the principles that guided him. It explores the closely argued debates over the Constitution and the turn that it forced in Madison’s approach to a bill of rights in general and to religious liberty protections in particular. The chapter then takes readers through the congressional deliberations that shaped the religion clauses, demonstrating both their consistency with the age’s “moderate” sensibilities, as well as their formative role in American life.
Martial Sound
Authors: McGuire Colin P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Martial Sound is an ethnographic book examining the music of traditional Chinese martial arts. More specifically, the book investigates the gong and drum percussion used to accompany the lion dance and kung fu, as practised by the Hong Luck Kung Fu Club in Toronto, Canada. Hong Luck’s history and character are distinctive, but the club’s practices and approaches are typical of many styles of Southern Chinese martial arts, both in China and abroad. The book proposes a theory of martial sound, which is the way we can hear music as martial arts and listen to hand combat as musicking, providing a way of discussing fighting rhythms in musical terms and a conceptual framework for analyzing how music can function as a form of self-defence. Participant-observation fieldwork for the book was undertaken over the course of eight years and spanned a time of significant transition. Both of the founding masters passed away, marking the end of an era and a time of reflection for the membership. The first female lion dancers also began performing during the fieldwork period, which reconfigured traditional constructions of gender. The book argues that while kung fu practitioners have traditionally used their interdisciplinary performances as a ritual to disperse negative energy for patrons, they extend that martial function in diaspora to become an empowering performance that challenges a history of race-based discrimination in Canada. Some audiences, however, now treat the ritual as an entertaining performance or a marker of identity, revealing multivalent meanings.
Histories and Stories
Authors: McGuire Colin P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The second chapter is dedicated to providing context and background for the fieldwork depicted in the rest of the book. It presents the histories of kung fu and the lion dance in China. It goes on to explain Chinese experiences in Canada, including their recruitment as cheap labour in the 1800s and the discrimination they faced thereafter. The specifics of the Hong Luck Kung Fu Club’s history in Toronto since 1961 are then positioned in relation to the broader histories. It also attends to the importance of myths and stories, which are treated as being real inasmuch as they structure people’s lived realities—regardless of their lack of empirical facticity.
Martial Sound in Motion
Authors: McGuire Colin P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the fifth chapter, the focus continues to tighten from broader histories to ethnographic specificities, getting down to relationships between sound and movement in order to uncover choreomusical meanings in the musicking of kung fu, lion dance, and percussion. In order to do so, this chapter draws on two theories of embodied meaning. The first lies with schemata that position bodily cognition as the foundation of knowing, which draws on the idea of entrainment to parse martial and musical (a)synchronicity. It then turns to Master Jim’s ideas about lion dance meaning stemming from the interaction of its four constituent components: sound, movement, structure, and emotion.
A Critical Discussion of the Theory of Social Closure
Authors: Mackert Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chapter briefly introduces the so-called theory of social closure, which was developed in the 1970s and 1980s by Frank Parkin and Raymond Murphy. Referring to the critical debate surrounding this theory at the time, and arguing that it has been used mainly in a metaphorical sense, the chapter identifies a number of social fields where this application has occurred, such as gender, education, positional competition, labour markets, age discrimination, migration, and so forth. Because the general nature of the theory has been neglected in these analyses, the chapter argues that a radically new and fundamental approach to closure theory is inevitable, one that will develop a sociological tool that enables the analysis of social life as collective struggle from a distinct closure perspective.
Critical Shortcomings of the Theory of Social Closure
Authors: Mackert Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter concludes the critical discussion about the approaches of both Frank Parkin and Raymond Murphy and identifies both conceptual problems and missing concepts. It argues that the theory of social closure has been conceptualized in a much too narrow way. Thus, it only offers an economically restricted concept; it sticks too much to the idea of closure necessarily implying exclusion and usurpation and presents a teleological perspective for social closure. The chapter further argues that two inevitable concepts—group action and power—are missing in the theory of social closure. Finally, it rejects the theory’s structuralist methodology.
Reconsidering, Problematizing, and Introducing Critical Concepts for Closure Theory
Authors: Mackert Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis introductory chapter to Part II of the book claims that we must develop an alternative approach for a new theorizing of social closure. It emphasizes the need to reconsider basic terms and concepts to avoid the serious pitfalls discussed in Part I. The chapter outlines what must be done to have all the tools—concepts, terms, and methodology—available to begin with newly theorizing social closure. In the first step it argues, that Weber’s critical concepts of open and closed social relationships have to be put into context with other critical basic concepts he developed, while his empirical analyses are shown to be insufficient and have to be rejected. In the second step it argues that new concepts—group action and acting in solidarity, power, and life chances / chances of survival—have to be developed and brought in because they are indispensable for a proper understanding of social closure.
Three Forms of Social Closure
Authors: Mackert Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn developing a new conceptualization of social closure, I emphasize its fundamental role in societal functioning, drawing from Weber’s concepts of open and closed social relationships. However, the full importance of social closure has not been fully explored by either Weber or traditional social closure theory, which tend to focus narrowly on specific aspects rather than its broader social implications. Two key premises are fundamental to my approach: first, that closure is pervasive in social life, essential for shaping any kind of associational and communal relations; second, that social life inherently involves unresolved conflicts linked to closure struggles for life chances and survival. This chapter identifies three forms of closure—exclusion, exploitation, and elimination—each rooted in global dynamics, establishing distinct social relations and shaping contemporary struggles. These forms interact but are distinct, influencing societal directions and outcomes, as elaborated more fully throughout this part of the book.
Explaining Social Closure
Authors: Mackert Jürgen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter empirically analyses social closure using the new methodological, theoretical, and conceptual approach. It aims to make the explanatory logic of the new approach plausible. The logic of the explanation is developed in specific contexts of closure, focusing on the predominant structural resource(s) of power and critical event(s) that lead to new strategies of exclusion, exploitation, and elimination. It defines the principal strategy of the powerful in these struggles and analyses this strategy in terms of triggering social mechanisms such as denial of access and intervention into community closure. The chapter also discusses the effects of these mechanisms on four dimensions of life chances / chances of survival: resources, rights, networks/institutions, and communities. The analysis first explains exclusion in the context of neoliberal politics of marketization. Second, it explains exploitation in the context of an historically ongoing capitalism/slavery nexus. Third, the chapter explains elimination in the context of settler colonialism.
Empirical Data on Inequality and the Dual Economy
Authors: Thomas Alan , Archer Alfred , Engelen Bart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter further expands the book’s main explanation of how economic inequalities come about and are perpetuated: rent seeking and rent extraction by the elite, in combination with wage suppression and policies that promote the financialization and de-industrialization of economies. It draws on econometric data that quantifies the rent-seeking hypothesis to show calculate how the US economy would have developed in the absence of this large-scale rent extraction. This data illustrates the large sums of money extracted through rent by the wealthy from the rest. The chapter discusses how workers are displaced into a large and low-productivity service sector and how employers adapt to this pool of cheap labour.
Addressing Inequality
Authors: Thomas Alan , Archer Alfred , Engelen Bart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses Scanlon’s objections to inequality and how it can be unfair and enable concerning forms of domination. It discusses the importance of the false evaluative belief held by many people that the social world should be structured by status distinctions. In line with Rawls’s analysis, it argues that domination can arise from selfish motives but can also be a defensive response to (the anticipation of) social anxiety. It introduces the distinction between weak and strong egalitarianism in relation to these worries about the ways in which inequality can produce domination.
Rousseau, Smith, and Hegel on the Emotional Regimes of Commercial Society
Authors: Thomas Alan , Archer Alfred , Engelen Bart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter develops an historical approach and examines the works of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Adam Smith, and Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel to explain their views on the commercial society that was emerging in their time. It explains Rousseau’s critique of commercial society and how it inflames self-love. It explains Smith’s more optimistic take and connects it to Hegel’s view that work, when properly mediated by corporations, can emancipate and help citizens to avoid ending up as part of the rabble of the rich (extravagance) and the rabble of the poor (misery). After connecting these insights to those of contemporary authors such as Boucoyannis, Rasmussen, and Preiss, it relates them to the kinds of inequalities as they exist today. It concludes by stressing what Rousseau, Smith, and Hegel agree on: that commercial society inflames positional competition and triggers and sustains an insatiable desire for wealth and distinction.
Positional Goods and Opportunity Hoarding
Authors: Thomas Alan , Archer Alfred , Engelen Bart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyses two mechanisms that play a key role in creating and perpetuating the economic inequalities in capitalist societies: positionality and opportunity hoarding. Building on the work of Fred Hirsch, it explains what positional goods are and how they factor into a drift towards oligarchy. It discusses Charles Tilly’s notion of opportunity hoarding: how the elites succeed in shaping social structures that serve their interests and their position of domination. In addition, the elites constitute a cultural avant-garde, who legislate taste and determine what exactly signals distinction and what is regarded as shameful. To reverse the increasing and devastating role played by positionality and positional competition, the chapter discusses the strategy of de-marketizing the important public goods of education and healthcare.
Liberal and Republican Emotional Regimes Revisited
Authors: Thomas Alan , Archer Alfred , Engelen Bart 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter clarifies the distinction between strong and weak egalitarianism and connects it to Rawls’s liberalism and Pettit’s republicanism. It proposes more just, anti-capitalist alternatives to the current system that create genuine equal opportunity and solidarity. It proposes and defends a jobs guarantee provided by the state, policies to invest in public goods, to de-commodify labour, and to de-marketize goods vulnerable to positional competition. It formulates fiscal policies that benefit everyone instead of only the wealthy. It proposes associationalist political principles to decrease the extent of positional competition in society and to foster a ethos of solidarity. It discusses how a prioritarian focus ensures that these proposals will also play a role in improving the positions of those who face systemic marginalization and discrimination, as these groups are over-represented amongst the financially worst-off.
Roots of Counterterrorism
Authors: Hijzen Constant Willem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It seems beyond doubt, since 9/11, that the main responsibility of intelligence and security services is to prevent ticking bombs from going off. The thing is, though, that the West has been confronted with international terrorism and domestic political violence throughout the 1970s as well. And although intelligence organizations countered terrorism, prevention did not become the name of the game. In a case study of the Netherlands, this book explores—based on unique primary sources and from a novel conceptual approach—how the threat of terrorism was looked upon and what kind of intelligence activities were carried out to contain or counter it. The book puts into focus how the rise of terrorism in the 1970s challenged the existing perceived core functions about intelligence. Based on the work of social geographer Ben Anderson, who investigates how interventions in the present are legitimated in the name of imagined (catastrophic) futures, it is analyzed how the Dutch domestic security service Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst (BVD) scrutinized traces of terrorism between 1968 and 1978. It confronts these insights with the post-9/11 counterterrorism efforts. By doing so, the book paints a fascinating picture of core functions of intelligence more generally.
Historiography
Authors: Hijzen Constant Willem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this chapter, the various strands of research are explored over which are scattered insights into Western security services’ responses to international terrorism and domestic political violence from the late 1960s onward. The most important intellectual developments in the fields of Cold War studies, historical terrorism and counterterrorism studies, and intelligence studies are discussed in order to understand how the topic of intelligence and counterterrorism is perceived. This reveals that most authors seem to see terrorism only as something truly relevant after 9/11: the literature on how qualitatively different terrorism is as a threat and how it necessitates a completely different kind of intelligence community is central to many works. Many scholars then go on to show how the interaction between intelligence producers and consumers has changed and how the rise of terrorism has impacted human intelligence, signals intelligence, intelligence liaison, and intelligence analysis.
Counterterrorism Intelligence
Authors: Hijzen Constant Willem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores how terrorism was fought using Cold War institutions, practices, and concepts of intelligence. It asks how, during the Cold War, when Western security regimes were “relatively simple,” operating in a binary world (of the East–West conflict) and focused on “bounded” political and military systems, they were able to cope with a threat that was, as the literature claims, inherently complex and difficult to ward off and so radically different from the communist threat they knew. It construes a conceptual approach to study the perceived core functions of intelligence through the lens of time. By departing from Barbara Adam’s work on the way humankind tries to control time, it continues to explore Ben Anderson’s work on traces of catastrophic futures. Their work is used to formulate the main questions about threat perception and practices of folding the future into the present and thus the change of perceived functions.
Traces of Spanish Anarchists
Authors: Hijzen Constant Willem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this vignette, the Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst (BVD)’s investigation into the First May Group’s bombing of early March 1968 is documented. This group of exiled Spanish anti-Francoist anarchists placed three bombs at the diplomatic missions of Spain, Greek, and Portugal in The Hague. Although the police launched a criminal investigation, the security service opened a parallel investigation to help find the perpetrators and to look into the political backgrounds of the anarchist attacks. By sending telexes, interviewing journalists, meeting with the investigating police officers, sitting down with the Public Prosecution Office, visiting hotels, meeting with partner services, and talking to informers and agents, the BVD hoped to find out who the perpetrators were and what was true of the First May Group.
The Language of Violence, 1968–1970
Authors: Hijzen Constant Willem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Between 1968 and 1970, the Netherlands were confronted by an attack of the Spanish anarchist First May Group (March 1968), the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) (September 1969), and the storming of the residence of the Indonesian ambassador by South Moluccan youth (September 1970). The way in which the security service responded to these terrorist attacks was largely determined by their response to the rise of another new threat: student activism. In this chapter, the events, threat perception, underlying time conception, and responses to these events are explored. The first international deliberations in the Committee of the Nine, a multilateral intelligence platform, are analyzed as well. These first steps in the domain of counterterrorism were pragmatic and pivoted more toward past and present than to the future: the Binnenlandse Veiligheidsdienst (BVD) helped at the scene, later worked to find perpetrators of attacks, and they informed the police and Justice Department of the political context of these acts.