bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of urbanization on growth patterns of non‐adults in medieval England
Authors: White Sina D. , Newman Sophie L. , Primeau Charlotte , Mahoney Patrick , Deter Chris A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncreasing urbanization seen during the medieval period (7th to 16th centuries) is associated with adverse living conditions that may have negatively impacted childhood growth via the influence of infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies due to increasing population density and periodic food shortages. This study aims to compare the growth of non‐adults (less than 12 years of age) from urban, proto‐urban, and rural environments from medieval England to determine whether settlement type influenced child health, and by proxy overall population health, during this period. Tibial and femoral maximum diaphyseal lengths and dental age of non‐adults (0–12 years) from urban St. Gregory's Priory (n = 60), urban York Barbican (n = 16), proto‐urban Black Gate (n = 38), and rural Raunds (n = 30) were examined using z‐scores. The results reveal that non‐adults < 2 years from St. Gregory's Priory had the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and York Barbican with the highest growth values. Further, non‐adults 2–12 years from York Barbican had the lowest growth values followed by Raunds, Black Gate, and St. Gregory's Priory with the higher growth values. The femoral and tibial diaphyseal growth values are explored within the context of breastfeeding and weaning practices, stability of economies, and environmental conditions.
Understanding public confidence in the police within democratic and authoritarian regimes
Authors: McCarthy Daniel , Ho Lawrence Ka‐ki , Chan Jason Kwun‐Hong , Brunton‐Smith Ian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStudies of public confidence in the police have enabled important insights into the factors responsible for achieving public support. Empirically tested in overwhelmingly democratic nations, there remain questions about the generalizability of this work to different types of political regimes, especially authoritarian nations. Using Wave 7 of the World Values Survey (n = 38,838) we assess whether predictors of police confidence operate in similar or different ways within the most democratic and authoritarian nations. Both regimes share similar underpinnings of confidence (corruption, religious identity, neighborhood trust, and government performance). Yet, key differences exist (i.e., country‐level differences measuring insecurity and instability, press freedom and corruption).
Reversal of Fetal Compromise Following In Utero Treatment of Vein of Galen Malformation Using Glue
Authors: Gowda Mamatha , Krishnaraj Ariharan , Ambalakkuthan Murugesan , Chinta Navya , Selvan Tamil 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo treat the fetus presenting with in utero compromise due to a large vein of Galen malformation (VOGM) using glue embolization.MethodsThe fetus that was referred for termination of pregnancy at 30 weeks of gestation due to severe cardiomegaly, mild pericardial effusion and large VOGM was evaluated using ultrasound. There was reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery Doppler indicating imminent fetal demise in the premature fetus weighing <1200 g. Considering the request of parents, a treatment similar to recently reported cases of VOGM embolization in utero was attempted as an emergency procedure to salvage the baby. Due to unavailability of coils, financial constraints and urgent need for intervention, n‐butyl cyanoacrylate glue with lipiodol was used to embolize the venous outflow of VOGM outflow under ultrasonographic guidance.ResultsThere was immediate correction of the umbilical artery Doppler waveform with the establishment of a normal flow pattern. The cardiomegaly resolved over 3 weeks and fetal MRI done 2 weeks later showed normal brain architecture with no evidence of hemorrhage or infarction. Pregnancy was continued for 4 weeks after the procedure and terminated at 36 weeks. A female baby weighing 1900 g was delivered by Cesarean section with an Apgar of 8/10. Though initially the baby did well, with mild ventriculomegaly reported on postnatal day 5, she eventually presented at 3 months of age with cardiac failure. As the MRI showed encephalomalacia, due to uncertainty of neurological outcome, further treatment was not pursued by the parents and the baby died a few days later.ConclusionTo our knowledge, this is the first report on the use of glue to treat VOGM prenatally. Though technically successful in correcting the in utero compromise, the baby eventually expired. Cases of in utero embolization using coils and glue have shown success in reversing prenatal pathology and improving survival. However, long‐term outcomes including neurological status are yet to be reported.
Investigate Performance of ATGF nanocomposite based on guar gum polymer for adsorption of Congo Red dye and alpha lipoic acid drug from wastewater: study kinetics and simulation
Authors: Tazimifar Fatemeh , Nazarizadeh Pegah , Akbarzadeh Ali Reza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the synthesized nanocomposite novel arginine/thiourea/guar gum/ferrite (ATGF) adsorbent was evaluated for the adsorption of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) and Congo Red (CR) from wastewater. The synthesized nanocomposite was examined by Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory (BET), Termal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐IR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE‐SEM), X‐ray Diffraction (XRD), Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX). For the removal of ALA and CR from aqueous solution, the capacity of the nanocomposite was investigated by working on a series of experiments such as the effect of adsorbent dose, initial concentration, contact time, pH and temperature. The adsorption kinetics of these two pollutants were investigated using pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order velocity equations. The nanocomposite kinetics follow pseudo‐second‐order. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were investigated. The results show that the Langmuir isotherm model gives the maximum adsorption capacity of ALA as 96.93 mg g−1 and of CR as 229.34 mg g−1 on the nanocomposite. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
A cognitive‐behavioural psychoeducation intervention on childhood anxiety for school staff: A quantitative feasibility study
Authors: Nicola Elene , Mastroyannopoulou Kiki , Pass Laura 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a newly developed online psychoeducation intervention on childhood anxiety for school staff using a within groups pre‐post design. The intervention is informed by cognitive behavioural therapy principles. Seventy six participants volunteered to attend a brief online training, and complete two brief questionnaires pre and post the training. Following the intervention, school staff reported that they were significantly less likely to respond to children's anxious behaviours with anxiety‐promoting responses (i.e., sanctions, avoidance reinforcement and overprotection), and were more likely to respond with autonomy‐promoting responses in line with cognitive behavioural theory (i.e., problem‐solving, reward and encouragement). On average, participants found the intervention engaging, useful, suitable, appropriate and easy‐to‐access. Participants also reported that they felt more confident in understanding childhood anxiety and implementing anxiety strategies in their work following the intervention. Areas of development were noted regarding the drop‐out rates of the online intervention. Overall, the novel, online intervention appears to be a feasible and acceptable method for those who participated. In addition, the preliminary outcomes show promise and warrant further investigation. Limitations of the study are discussed with suggestions for future research and areas for improvement.
Design, synthesis and structure–activity relationship of novel pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives
Authors: Wang Gang , Liang Shuang , Lang Jie , Ying Junwu , Shan Zhonggang , Lv Liang , Li Bin , Yang Huibin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant diseases seriously decrease the yield and quality of agricultural crops. Fungicide treatments remain the main means of field fungi control. However, the residual activity of fungicides is rapidly reduced due to various factors in the natural environment, therefore the development of agents with novel modes of action is desirable. It is highly required to design and develop new fungicides to address the resistance issue. Designing low impact chemicals to safely and sustainably address needs of agriculture.RESULTSIn this work, we used the highly active fluxapyroxad and flutolanil as parent structures, to design and synthesize a series of pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives. Some of the pyrazole‐4‐carboxamide derivatives exhibit fungicidal activities that are comparable to or higher than those of the commercialized fungicides fluxapyroxad and bixafen. In particular, compounds TM‐1, TM‐2, TM‐3, TM‐4, TM‐5, TM‐7 and TM‐8 showed excellent fungicidal activities against corn rust that were 2–4 times higher than those of fluxapyroxad and bixafen. Field trial results demonstrated that at the same dosage levels, compound TM‐2 exhibited comparable field control efficacy against wheat rust as compared to triadimefon and pyrazophenamide. Molecular docking simulations reveal that compound TM‐2 interacts with TRP 173 of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) through hydrogen bonding, which could explain the probable mechanism of action between compound TM‐2 and the target protein.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that compound TM‐2 may be a promising fungicide candidate and provide valuable reference for further investigation. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Investigating Entropic Dynamics of Multiqubit Cavity QED System
Authors: Miao Hui‐hui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEntropic dynamics of a multiqubit cavity quantum electrodynamics system is simulated and various aspects of entropy are explored. In the modified version of the Tavis–Cummings–Hubbard model, atoms are held in optical cavities through optical tweezers and can jump between different cavities through the tunneling effect. The interaction of atom with the cavity results in different electronic transitions and the creation and annihilation of corresponding types of photon. Electron spin and the Pauli exclusion principle are considered. Formation and break of covalent bond and creation and annihilation of phonon are also introduced into the model. The system is bipartite. The effect of all kinds of interactions on entropy is studied. And the von Neumann entropy of different subsystems is compared. The results show that the entropic dynamics can be controlled by selectively choosing system parameters, and the entropy values of different subsystems satisfy certain inequality relationships.
A Novel Authenticated Quantum Anonymous Secret Sharing for Classical and Quantum Information
Authors: Wang Qingle , Xu Yixi , Li Guodong , Han Yunguang , Zhou Yuqian , Li Xin , Cheng Long 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnonymous secret sharing (ASS) is an essential cryptographic concept that facilitates the sharing and reconstruction of secret information while safeguarding the identity of the involved secret receivers, which has broad applications in key management, data backup, and distributed systems. In this study, a novel authenticated quantum anonymous secret sharing (QASS) protocol that emphasizes information privacy and identity anonymity protection is proposed. Employing ‐level multipartite GHZ states as a quantum resource, one‐sided anonymous entanglement (AE) is innovatively established between the dealer and anonymous receivers, enabling the dealer to distribute a random share of secret information. Additionally, by establishing a one‐sided AE between anonymous receivers and restorer, the restorer can securely collect and reconstruct the secret information using quantum teleportation (QT). Rigorous security analysis demonstrates that protocol can resist attacks from active adversaries and potentially dishonest users. Quantum experiments on IBM Qiskit validate the correctness and feasibility of the proposed QASS protocol. This work contributes to the advancement of quantum anonymous communication, addressing the requirements for information privacy and identity anonymity in practical application environments.
Neurological Implications of Poxvirus Infections: Pathogenesis, Neurotropism, and Clinical Manifestations
Authors: Alissa Mohammed , Alzahrani Khalid J. , Alsuwat Meshari A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPoxviridae is a diverse family of double‐stranded DNA viruses, historically significant for diseases like smallpox caused by variola virus (VARV). These viruses exhibit unique cytoplasmic replication strategies, large genomes encoding numerous proteins, and the ability to cause severe cutaneous and systemic diseases. Recent attention has focused on their neurotropic potential, including mechanisms of CNS invasion, immune‐mediated damage, and clinical manifestations such as encephalitis and myelitis. This review synthesises current knowledge on poxvirus neurotropism, highlighting pathophysiological mechanisms and clinical implications.
Chronotopes of Transnational Literacies: How Youth Live and Imagine Social Worlds in their Digital Media Practices
Authors: Lam Wan Shun Eva , Wu Jue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explores the transnational literacies that contribute to creating online social connections among migrant youth that may support their development and navigation of life across countries. We examine how social connectedness is semiotically constructed through time–space framing among two youth of Chinese descent who were participants of a larger study of the digital media practices of young people in an urban high school. We build on the concept of chronotope (Bakhtin, 1981) and scholarship of transnational literacies to understand the space–time dimensions of digital literacy practices, specifically how youth create the spatiotemporal context or frame of reference for their actions and positionings with others across geographical distances. Using a case study approach with data from interviews and observations, we analyzed how the youth depicted their transnational social relations within particular time–space frames. Qualitative and discourse analyses of the youths' narrative accounts show that they positioned themselves in proximity with their transnational peers within particular time–space contexts that supported their actions and emotions, and how they made sense of events, issues, practices, and their own identities as transnational individuals. The youths' ideas of schooling and education, and attunement to nationalistic ideologies, were developed through multiple chronotopes in their social connections across countries. This study offers implications for how an attention to the transnational spatiotemporal frame of youths' discourse and narrative may give us a more nuanced understanding of the subjectivity, knowledge, and perspective they derive from their experiences of movement and connection across borders.
(Don't fear) the factors: An item‐level meta‐analysis of the fear of COVID‐19 Scale's factor structure and measurement invariance
Authors: Jimenez William P. , Zeytonli Asiye , Nabulsi Yasmine , Hu Xiaoxiao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe global COVID‐19 pandemic saw marked research and clinical interest in evaluating pandemic‐related distress, namely fear and anxiety regarding infection and death. The most widely used and earliest developed measure of COVID‐19 distress is Ahorsu et al. (2022) seven‐item Fear of COVID‐19 Scale (FCV‐19S). To investigate the factor structure and measurement equivalence of the FCV‐19S, we conducted an item‐level meta‐analysis synthesizing 1155 effect sizes across k = 55 independent samples comprising N = 71,161 individuals. We found that a two‐factor measurement model comprising a four‐item Emotional factor and a three‐item Psychosomatic factor exhibits better fit than the originally proposed single‐factor measurement model. Moreover, the bidimensional FCV‐19S exhibits partial scalar/strong invariance across the general population, healthcare workers, schoolteachers, and university students as well as partial metric/weak invariance across samples from Bangladesh, China, Japan, Pakistan, Poland, and Portugal. Despite the theoretical and practical implications of these findings, more primary research across a wider range of sample types and countries is undoubtedly needed for further evaluation of the FCV‐19S's psychometric properties and generalizability.
Long‐term psycho‐traumatic consequences of the COVID‐19 health crisis among emergency department healthcare workers
Authors: Douplat Marion , Curtet Marie , Termoz Anne , Subtil Fabien , Elsensohn Mad Hélénie , Mazza Stéphanie , Jacquin Laurent , Clément Bénédicte , Fassier Jean‐Baptiste , Nohales Ludivine , Berthiller Julien , Haesebaert Julie , Tazarourte Karim 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAssess the changes in post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), burnout, anxiety, depression, jobstrain, and isostrain levels over time among healthcare workers in emergency departments (EDs) after successive outbreaks of COVID‐19. A prospective, multicenter study was conducted in 3 EDs and an emergency medical service. Healthcare workers who participated in our previous study were invited to participate in a follow‐up 16 and 18 months and completed the questionnaires to assess symptoms of PTSD, burnout, anxiety, depression, jobstrain, and isostrain. Among the 485 healthcare workers asked to participate, 211 (43.5%) completed the survey at inclusion (122 were followed up at 3 months) and 59 participate to the follow‐up study. At 16 months, 10.9% of healthcare workers had symptoms of PTSD and 17.4% at 18 months. At inclusion, 33.5% and 11.7% of healthcare workers had symptoms of anxiety and depression, respectively. A decrease in anxiety between inclusion and 16 months (p = 0.02) and an increase between 16 and 18 months (p = 0.009) was observed. At inclusion, 40.8% of all healthcare workers had symptoms of burnout. There was an increase in symptoms of burnout between inclusion and 18 months (p = 0.006). At inclusion, 43.2% and 29.5% of healthcare workers were exposed to jobstrain and isostrain, respectively. Jobstrain were higher among paramedics and administrative staff compared to physicians (p = 0.001 and p = 0.026, respectively). Successive outbreaks of COVID‐19 led to long‐term mental health consequences among ED healthcare workers that differed according to occupation. This must be taken into account to rethink the management of teams.
Do makerspaces affect entrepreneurship? If so, who, how, and when?
Authors: Bao Jiayi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryMakerspaces are physical spaces that offer individuals fabrication tools and materials (e.g., 3D printers) to make artifacts. Although not designed specifically for entrepreneurs, these spaces offer affordable access to rapid prototyping infrastructure. This study examines whether makerspaces affect entrepreneurship and, if so, who, how, and when. Leveraging hand‐collected data on US makerspaces and large archival data on Kickstarter projects, I show that makerspaces positively affect entrepreneurial participation and subsequent commercialization outcomes. However, these effects are mostly specific to hardware (vs. nonhardware) activities that typically involve physical prototypes. I find that the effect on entry is driven more by new (vs. established) but intentional (vs. accidental) entrepreneurs and that the effect on commercialization comes from two operating and complementary channels—resource provision and social facilitation.Managerial SummaryDespite a few high‐profile anecdotal entrepreneurial successes that emerged from the increasingly popular makerspaces, whether these spaces have large‐scale effects on entrepreneurship remains unclear. Do makerspaces encourage entrepreneurial participation, if so, who? Do makerspaces benefit entrepreneurial commercialization, if so, how? Are there any conditions determining when these effects would occur? This study demonstrates meaningful broad‐based impacts of makerspaces on particular types of entrepreneurship with growth potential. The findings suggest that competitive, prominent accelerators and incubators are not the only avenues for entrepreneurs to achieve commercialization success. Useful insights are discussed for entrepreneurial program managers and policy makers designing systems and structures that support inclusive prosperity for entrepreneurs.
Prognostic significance of socioeconomic deprivation in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hajibandeh Shahab , Efstathiou Anastasia , Hajibandeh Shahin , Al‐Sarireh Ahmad , Al‐Sarireh Hashim , Duffaydar Hamza , Stechman Michael , Egan Richard John , Lewis Wyn G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesDeprivation is a complex, multifaceted concept and not synonymous with poverty. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic influence of the multiple deprivation index on emergency laparotomy (EL) outcome.MethodsSTROCSS statement standards were followed to conduct a retrospective cohort study. Consecutive 1723 adult patients [median age (range): 66 (18–98), 762 M, and 961 F] undergoing EL over eight years (2014–22) at two hospitals [a tertiary teaching center and district general hospital (DGH)] were studied. Deprivation scores and ranks were derived from patients' postcodes using the Welsh Index of Multiple Deprivation and ranks categorized into quartiles. Primary outcome measure was a 30‐day operative mortality (OM).ResultsOM risk was higher in the most deprived quartile (Q1) compared with the least deprived quartile (Q4) (13.2% vs. 7.9% and p = 0.008). Deprivation was an independent predictor of OM on both univariate (unadjusted OR: 1.75, 95% CI 1.17–2.61, and p = 0.006) and multivariable logistic regression analyses (OR: 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.06, and p = 0.023; adjusted for age ≥80 years, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, need for bowel resection, and peritoneal contamination). Deprivation had poor discriminatory value in predicting OM (AUC: 0.56 and 95% CI 0.54–0.59). Subgroup analysis showed that although the risk of OM was lower in the tertiary center compared with the DGH (7.9% vs. 14.5% and p < 0.001), the predictive significance of deprivation was similar in both hospitals (AUC: 0.54 vs. 0.56 and p = 0.674).ConclusionDeprivation is an independent but modest predictor of OM after EL. The potential prognostic value of incorporating deprivation into preoperative risk assessment algorithms deserves further evaluation.
Chiral Homodinuclear Dysprosium Macrocyclic Complexes with Single‐Molecule Magnetic Behaviours
Authors: Cheng Zi‐Hang , Liu Ru‐Chan , Gao Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA pair of enantiomerically chiral dysprosium homodinuclear complexes: [(acac)4Dy2(R,R,R,R‐L)] (R‐Dy) and [(acac)4Dy2(S,S,S,S‐L)] (S‐Dy) (Hacac=acetylacetone) have been synthesized based on macrocyclic chiral ligands (R,R,R,R‐H2L or S,S,S,S‐H2L), derived from the [2+2] template condensation of 4‐tert‐butyl‐2,6‐diformylphenol, dysprosium acetylacetonate and (1R,2R)‐/(1S,2S)‐1,2‐cyclohexanediamine, respectively. Circular dichroism spectra confirms their enantiomeric chirality. Single‐crystal structures show two crystallographic independent dysprosium(III) ions have square antiprismatic coordination with different D4d local symmetry. Furthermore, the selected R‐Dy complex owns the slow magnetic relaxation behaviour with the ferromagnetic Dy3+⋅⋅⋅Dy3+ coupling.