bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Photoelectrodeposited Polyaniline on Ti‐Doping Hematite For Highly Selective Photoelectrochemical Oxygen Demand Determination
Authors: Li Jieyu , Tang Tongxin , Xiao Yushen , Zou Wenhao , Chen Junwei , Ge Sitong , Wu Beibei , Li Lei , Li Meng , Lin Zhan , Ye Kai‐Hang , Zhang Shanqing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractChemical Oxygen Demand (COD), as a detection indicator of water pollution, is of particular importance in assessing organic pollution in water. Furthermore, accurate and simple measuring COD methods are essential for water quality assessment and pollution control. However, the photoelectrochemical oxygen demand (PECOD) measurement, as one of the measuring COD methods, is affected by the reaction of water splitting, which is one of the hindrances to the commercialization of the analytical method of the PeCOD measurement. Hence, to overcome this challenge, a new PANI/Ti:Fe2O3 photoanode is constructed by hydrothermal and photoelectrochemical (PEC) deposition methods and investigated their optical properties and photoactivity. Under optimization conditions, it is discovered that the oxidation of organic compounds produces a net steady‐state current (inet) is directly proportional to COD concentration, with a detection limit of 1 mM glucose solution and a wide linear detection range of 1–78.125 mM, which is suitable for high concentration of glucose detection. As has been noted, PANI/Ti:Fe2O3 photoanode overcomes the obstacles to the practical application and eventual commercialization of the PECOD technology.
Programmable Merged‐Net Porphyrinic Metal–Organic Frameworks for Water Sorption
Authors: Lee Junghye , Park Dajin , Jin Eunji , Lee Soochan , Lee Jinhyu , Oh Hyunchul , Choe Wonyoung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPorous materials have attracted considerable interest as water sorbents due to their potential in a broad range of water sorption‐related applications. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are particularly notable for their high porosity and tunability. However, their limited hydrolytic stability often results in pore collapse, which significantly hinders their water sorption performance. To address this issue, an innovative design strategy based on reticular chemistry is essential to enhance structural stability and ensure efficient water sorption. Herein, a novel synthetic approach for constructing a merged‐net MOF structure using metallolinkers is introduced. Specifically, a porphyrin linker is employed to successfully synthesize a porphyrin‐based merged‐net MOF, UPF‐5. This MOF demonstrates significantly enhanced hydrolytic stability and improved water sorption performance while maintaining high pore volume. Additionally, the structure of UPF‐5 allows for the modification of accessible Zr6 nodes, enabling control over the pore environments and fine‐tuning the water sorption properties. This programmable synthetic strategy for porphyrin‐based merged‐net MOFs not only significantly enhances the structural stability for practical applications, including water sorption, but also advances reticular chemistry by discovering unprecedented topologies in MOF chemistry.
Continuous Homogeneous Thin Liquid Film on a Single Cross‐Shaped Profiled Fiber with High Off‐Circularity: Toward Quick‐Drying Fabrics
Authors: Xu Bojie , Shi Zhongyu , Lu Cong , Hu Zexu , Cheng Yanhua , Zhu Meifang , Jiang Lei , Liu Huan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractQuick‐drying fabrics, renowned for their rapid sweat evaporation, have witnessed various applications in strenuous exercise. Profiled fiber textiles exhibit enhanced quick‐drying performance, which is attributed to the excellent wicking effect within fibrous bundles, facilitating the rapid transport of sweat. However, the evaporation process is not solely influenced by macroscopic liquid transport but also by microscopic liquid spreading on the fibers where periodic liquid knots induced by spontaneous fluidic instability significantly reduce the evaporation area. Here, a cross‐shaped profiled fiber with high off‐circularity, featured as multiple concavities along the fibrous longitude‐axis, which enables the formation of a homogeneous thin liquid film on a single fiber without any periodic liquid knots, is developed. The high off‐circularity cross‐sections help overcoming Plateau–Rayleigh instability by tuning the Laplace pressure difference, further facilitated by capillary flow along the concave surface. The homogeneous thin liquid film on a single fiber is responsible for maximizing the evaporation area, resulting in excellent overall evaporation capacity. Consequently, fabrics made from such fibers exhibit rapid evaporation behavior, with evaporation rates ≈50% higher than those of cylindrical fabrics. It is envisioned that profiled fibers may provide inspiration for the manipulating homogeneous liquid films for applications in fluid coatings and functional textiles.
Flexible All‐Inorganic Thermoelectric Yarns
Authors: Jang Hanhwi , Ahn Junseong , Jeong Yongrok , Ha Ji‐Hwan , Jeong Jun‐Ho , Oh Min‐Wook , Park Inkyu , Jung Yeon Sik 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAchieving both formability and functionality in thermoelectric materials remains a significant challenge due to their inherent brittleness. Previous approaches, such as polymer infiltration, often compromise thermoelectric efficiency, underscoring the need for flexible, all‐inorganic alternatives. This study demonstrates that the extreme brittleness of thermoelectric bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) bulk compounds can be overcome by harnessing the nanoscale flexibility of Bi2Te3 nanoribbons and twisting them into a yarn structure. The resulting Bi2Te3 yarn, with a Seebeck coefficient of −126.6 µV K−1, exhibits remarkable deformability, enduring extreme bending curvatures (down to 0.5 mm−1) and tensile strains of ≈5% through over 1000 cycles without significant resistance change. This breakthrough allows the yarn to be seamlessly integrated into various applications—wound around metallic pipes, embedded within life jackets, or woven into garments—demonstrating unprecedented adaptability and durability. Moreover, a simple 4‐pair thermoelectric generator comprising Bi2Te3 yarns and metallic wires generates a maximum output voltage of 67.4 mV, substantiating the effectiveness of thermoelectric yarns in waste heat harvesting. These advances not only challenge the traditional limitations posed by the brittleness of thermoelectric materials but also open new avenues for their application in wearable and structural electronics.
Deep Inverse Design of an Infrared Metasurface Diffuser
Authors: Rozman Natalie , Peng Rixi , Padilla Willie J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMachine learning (ML) algorithms have become invaluable tools for tackling design challenges associated with achieving unique scattering effects in artificial electromagnetic materials (AEMs). However, their effectiveness is reliant on substantial, well‐constructed training datasets. Building such datasets using traditional methods becomes impractical for increasingly complex and large‐scale geometric models. Achieving a specific diffuse scattering is one example and this often requires electrically large and diverse AEM arrays. Unfortunately, while numerical simulations offer high accuracy by utilizing fine meshing, their computational limitations render them incapable of handling such large structures and computing their scattering parameters efficiently. This work proposes a new approach to overcome these limitations by replacing conventional numerical simulations with a hybrid method that combines electromagnetic simulations with an analytical model, enabling the rapid and accurate generation of datasets for electrically large metamaterial arrays. Utilizing this approach, an optimized metasurface geometry for the mid‐infrared range is successfully identified and tested that exhibits desirable diffuse scattering effects. This innovative method paves the way for significantly faster design and optimization of metamaterials, while also unlocking the potential for a new generation of large‐scale, high‐quality ML datasets for AEM problems.
Skyrmion Quasi‐Bound States in the Continuum for 3D Light Trapping in Arbitrarily Large Volumes
Authors: Qin Haoye , Zhang Zhe , Chen Qiaolu , Zhang Zhechen , Fleury Romain 
Published: September 2024

AbstractReal‐world resonances face surface‐scaling radiation leakage, hindering light confinement in optically large systems. Conventional bound states in continuum (BICs) challenge this by enabling states with theoretically infinite lifetimes in 2D periodic structures. However, when fabricated, the truncation of these systems to finite sizes inevitably re‐introduces leakage, uncontrollably downgrading their quality factors. Here, a novel form of finite‐size 3D quasi‐BICs (QBICs) is demonstrated that leverage a skyrmion field topology of Bloch modes in 3D cubic photonic crystals. The associated finite systems exhibit highly suppressed radiation in all three spatial directions, with a remarkable exponential volume‐scaling of quality factors. With an unprecedentedly large 3D prototype of 24 cm3 and great scalability, the existence of skyrmion QBICs is experimentally proven through unique far‐field polarization wrapping and spectral singularity. These demonstrations enable to have omnidirectional topological radiation suppression, 3D vortex generation, and access to arbitrarily large volume and volumetric interfaces. 3D QBIC may empower extreme 3D light‐trapping, enhanced volumetric sensing, and topological skyrmion emitters.
Enhancing Performance in Top‐Illuminated Shortwave Infrared Organic Photodetectors via Microcavity Resonance
Authors: Chen Ping‐Yen , Suthar Gajendra , Su Yu‐Yang , Hsu Chung‐Wei , Tsai Kuen‐Wei , Tsai Cheng‐En , Chu Chih‐Wei , Chen Fang‐Chung , Chang Yi‐Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractShortwave infrared (SWIR) image sensors have unique functions in many optical applications, leading to widespread attention in developing next‐generation materials and photodetector technologies. Organic photodetectors (OPDs) are highly promising due to their flexibility in molecular design and processability. However, integrating OPDs with silicon readout integrated circuits (ROICs) poses numerous challenges, often resulting in underestimated device performance and limiting technological progress. To address the requirements of integrating top‐illuminated OPD with ROICs and to enhance the external quantum efficiency (EQE), optical microcavities are introduced into the OPDs. The EQE in the SWIR region can be effectively enhanced by properly adjusting the thicknesses of the photoactive layer (PAL) and interlayers. Simulations of the optical field distribution further support the active functions of the microcavity structure. The spatial variation of the microcavities allows the spectral response to shift from 1000 to 1400 nm, and the optimized device achieves an EQE of 25.8% at 1260 nm. Finally, the OPDs are integrated with a silicon‐based test kit, and the results reveal comparable sensing performance, demonstrating the high potential of microcavity resonance for device integration. This design effectively improves the integration of OPDs with traditional ROICs and advances SWIR‐based organic image sensor technology further toward commercialization.
Enabling Low‐Noise, High‐Detectivity, Stable, and Flexible Perovskite Mesh Nanowire Photodetectors by Phenylethylamine Iodine Doping Strategy
Authors: Wu Dingjun , Tang Yapeng , Ren Bin , Chu Liang , Wang Hao , Zhou Hai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe poor stability, high noise, and low detectivity (D*) of perovskite mesh nanowire (PMN) photodetectors (PDs) seriously hinder their practical applications. Here, a phenylethylamine iodine doping strategy (PIDS) is introduced to solve these problems. The PIDS leads to the formation of 2D perovskite PEA2MAx‐1PbxI3x+1 (PEA = phenylethylamine, MA = methylamine) within MAPbI3 PMN, which not only prevents water and oxygen erosion to thwart PMN degradation but also inhibits the transport of dark state carriers to reduce dark current. As a result, the noise, D*, and stability of the PMN PD are simultaneously improved. The device exhibits low noise current (7.61 × 10−15 A Hz−1/2) and high D* of 3.2 × 1014 Jones, the highest D* value for PMN PDs reported to date. Moreover, the unpacked device sustains 100% of its initial performance after 2880 h of storage in the air (45–55% humidity), enabling it as the most stable MAPbI3 perovskite micro/nanostructure PD reported to date. Furthermore, the flexible device with PIDS exhibits comparable performance to that of the rigid device as well as great mechanical stability. Finally, the flexible device with PIDS demonstrates excellent optical imaging capability and a higher precision optical imaging potential than the commercial silicon photodiode S2386.
Impact of Donor and Acceptor Modification on TADF and Roll‐Off Behaviors in Solution Processed OLED
Authors: Yang Hee Tae , Hyeon Ye Ji , Le Thi Na , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Yun‐Hi , Suh Min Chul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUp‐conversion of triplet into singlet exciton in the emitting layer is believed to be one of the ways that thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials may employ to reduce triplet exciton density hence preventing device quenching by triplet excitons. Yet, two donor‐acceptor type molecules; 5‐(4‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)phenyl)‐12‐(3‐(triphenylsilyl) phenyl)‐5,12‐dihydroindolo[3,2‐a]carbazole (SiPhCzTrz) and 5‐phenyl‐12‐(4‐(4‐phenyl‐6‐(3‐(triphenylsilyl) phenyl)‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)pheny‐l)‐5,12‐dihydroindolo [3,2‐a]carbazole (SiTrzPhCz), which exhibited different TADF properties depending on the relative positions of their electron donor unit (PhCz) and electron acceptor unit (Trz), show opposite behaviors. These materials are used as sensitizer in phosphorescent solution‐processed organic light emitting diodes (s‐OLEDs) showing moderately high current efficiencies of 19.3 and 20 cd/A, respectively. SiTrzPhCz exhibits stronger TADF properties compared to SiPhCzTrz; however, these stronger TADF characteristics lead to a more pronounced efficiency roll‐off, mainly due to the longer residence time of excitons in SiTrzPhCz, leading to exciton quenching. In contrast, due to their twisted structures, the efficiency roll‐off is efficiently suppressed, particularly for SiTrzPhCz, when both materials are used as hosts. Their twisted structures promote aggregate‐induced emission and prevent aggregation‐caused quenching. Further analysis of exciton dynamics reveals faster decay rate for both singlet and triplet densities in SiPhCzTrz compared to SiTrzPhCz, indicated by its higher fast prompt emission, kFRET and knrT.
Sn2+/Pb2+ Doping‐Induced Highly Transparent Boroaluminate Microcrystalline Glass With Deep Traps for Long‐Term Optical Storage and Time‐Lapse X‐ray Imaging
Authors: Li Panpan , Song Enhai , Wang Weichao , Zhang Qinyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe development of microcrystalline glass‐ceramics with high transparency and deep trap energy levels is crucial for the cost‐effective and large‐scale production of scintillators and optical data storage applications. In this study, the incorporation of highly electronegative divalent tin (Sn2+) plays a key role in modulating the network structure of borate glass. This leads to the successful synthesis of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ microcrystalline glass with high transparency, reaching up to 80%, and excellent crystallinity. Additionally, a series of non‐optically active ions with different valence states is co‐doped with Eu2+ to fine‐tune the trap levels of the SrAl2O4 microcrystals. All samples maintain high crystallinity and exhibit good transparency. In particular, the Pb2+ ion co‐doped samples achieve an increased trap energy level of 1.28 eV, significantly enhancing their capacity to capture X‐rays and ultraviolet light. Density functional theory calculations reveal that this enhancement is due to severe lattice distortion caused by Pb2+ ions occupying interstitial sites in SrAl2O4. Utilizing the SrAl2O4:Eu2+, Pb2+ glass‐ceramics materials, X‐ray imaging with a delay of up to 210 s and optical information storage for >60 d is achieved. This study provides valuable insights into the crystal growth and trap modulation of persistent luminescent materials within a three‐dimensional glass network structure.
Tailoring Diversified Peripheral Anchor Groups in Spirofluorene‐Dithiolane‐Based Hole Transporting Materials for Efficient Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells from First‐Principle
Authors: Fatima Rida , Shahzad Nabeel , Fatima Tahreem , Perveen Sonia , Abdelbacki Ashraf M. M. , Wang Kai , Iqbal Javed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis quantum mechanical approach recommends push–pull molecular engineering to fabricate hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) for photovoltaic cells. It integrates acceptor moieties via thiophene to fluorene core, resulting in five novel HTMs (SFD‐1 to SFD‐5). The results exhibit that derivative HTMs show excellent coherence in excitation, dispersion, and transportation of charge carriers, ensuring robust hole mobility. The anchor moieties functionalized HTMs unveil excellent band alignment with perovskite with fitting HOMO energy levels (−4.93–−5.35 eV), less optical absorption in visible portion ( < 520). This acceptor integration has improved the hole mobility in derivatives, accredited to the smaller hole reorganization energy (0.14–0.68 eV), and greater hole transfer integral (0.22–0.33 eV). The transition density matrix analysis exhibited robust electronic coupling, subtler charge carrier overlapping and greater charge transfer length (7.48–13.73 Å). This resulted in an excellent upsurge in intrinsic charge transference (70.75–92.70%) and smaller exciton binding energy, leading to easier exciton dissociation, and fewer recombination fatalities. However, an adequate variation in dipole moment (4.04 D to 16.34 D) and Gibbs solvation‐free energy (−18.06 to −21.89 kcal mol−1) ensures facile film formation and processability. In conclusion, this approach recommends these flourene‐based HTMs are highly desireable for forthcoming solar cell technology.
A Fully Edible Transistor Based on a Toothpaste Pigment
Authors: Feltri Elena , Mondelli Pierluigi , Petrović Bojan , Ferrarese Fabrizio Mario , Sharova Alina , Stojanović Goran , Luzio Alessandro , Caironi Mario 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEdible electronics is emerging in recent years motivated by a diverse number of healthcare applications, where sensors can be safely ingested without the need for any medical supervision. However, the current lack of stable and well‐performing edible semiconductors needs to be addressed to reach technological maturity and allow the surge of a new generation of edible circuits. In the quest for good‐performing edible semiconductors, this study has explored the possibility of considering materials that are not regulated for intentional ingestion, yet are daily swallowed with no adverse reactions, such as pigments contained in toothpaste. This work first elaborates on the basis of inadvertent ingestion data to estimate the quantity of daily ingested Copper(II) Phthalocyanine (CuPc), a whitening pigment and well‐known organic semiconductor. Subsequently, CuPc is employed in the first demonstration of fully edible electrolyte‐gated transistors operating at low voltage (<1 V), displaying good reproducibility and stable performance for over a year. The results indicate that, with the daily ingested quantity of CuPc from toothpaste, more than 104 edible transistors can be realized, thus paving the way to edible circuits, a critical component of future edible electronic systems.
Establishment of a Magnetically Controlled Scalable Nerve Injury Model
Authors: Yang Tuo , Liu Xilin , Cao Rangjuan , Zhou Xiongyao , Li Weizhen , Wu Wenzheng , Yu Wei , Zhang Xianyu , Guo Zhengxiao , Cui Shusen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAnimal models of peripheral nerve injury (PNI) serve as the fundamental basis for the investigations of nerve injury, regeneration, and neuropathic pain. The injury properties of such models, including the intensity and duration, significantly influence the subsequent pathological changes, pain development, and therapeutic efficacy. However, precise control over the intensity and duration of nerve injury remains challenging within existing animal models, thereby impeding accurate and comparative assessments of relevant cases. Here, a new model that provides quantitative and off‐body controllable injury properties via a magnetically controlled clamp, is presented. The clamp can be implanted onto the rat sciatic nerve and exert varying degrees of compression under the control of an external magnetic field. It is demonstrated that this model can accurately simulate various degrees of pathology of human patients by adjusting the magnetic control and reveal specific pathological changes resulting from intensity heterogeneity that are challenging to detect previously. The controllability and quantifiability of this model may significantly reduce the uncertainty of central response and inter‐experimenter variability, facilitating precise investigations into nerve injury, regeneration, and pain mechanisms.
Crop yield estimation uncertainties at the regional scale for Saxony, Germany
Authors: Goihl Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn times of climate change and global population growth, agricultural yield forecasts play an increasingly important role. For example, predicting yields as early as possible in the event of a drought is crucial for decision‐makers in politics, government, and business. The aim of this study was to provide precise yield predictions at agricultural regions as early as possible with a minimum amount of weather data. Random forest models were used for this purpose. Although more than 290,000 datasets were available for analysis, all models tended to be heavily overfitting, which can be explained by the strong fragmentation of the input data by crop, region, and prediction time. The models reacted very differently to unknown datasets. It was found that the regionally trained models achieved lower (≥10%) relative root mean square errors (RRMSEs) than the supra‐regionally trained models. Rapeseed and barley achieved good predictions. Wheat had good potential, too. Corn, potatoes, and sugar beet achieved often too high RRMSEs. The results showed that targeted model selection for each region and an extension of the training time series could enable very good regional yield forecasts for rapeseed and cereals in the future.