bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of machine learning models for glycemic variability in non-diabetic patients following cardiopulmonary bypass: a prospective observational study
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zhuo Ruiyan , Lin Xiuxia , Wang Nan , Xu Yuqing , Li Na 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

There is a correlation between glucose variability (GV) after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and major adverse events. Identifying early risk factors and developing a prediction model for preventing GV is crucial. No machine learning models have been developed for GV in non-diabetic patients during CPB cardiac operations. This study established six models: logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), and categorical boosting (CatBoost). Each model was internally validated, and the SHAP method identified important variables. Among 360 non-diabetic patients, 213 (59.17%) developed GV in the ICU. The models showed AUC values from 0.7400 to 0.818 in the training set and from 0.6658 to 0.763 in the testing set. XGBoost performed best, with an AUC of 0.736, accuracy of 0.7798, sensitivity of 0.875, positive prediction value of 0.7778, F1-score of 0.8235, and Brier score of 0.2041. Postoperative insulin, BMI, intraoperative mean glucose, and CPB duration were crucial features. By combining XGBoost with SHAP, the developed models can be used to facilitate individualized risk evaluation, allowing timely intervention or targeted care.
An enhanced genome assembly and functional, high-throughput molecular markers enable genomics-assisted breeding of waxy sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
Authors: Yerka Melinda , Liu Zhiyuan , Bean Scott , Nigam Deepti , Hayes Chad , Druetto Diego , Krishnamoorthy Gabriel , Meiwes Shelley , Cucit Gonzalo , Patil Gunvant B. , Jiao Yinping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Several mutations of the sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) gene [Sobic.010G022600] result in a low amylose:amylopectin starch ratio in the endosperm and confer a glutinous, “waxy” texture; hence, the wild-type gene is commonly referred to as Waxy (Wx). Recessive waxy (wx) alleles improve starch digestibility in ethanol production, human foods and beverages, and animal feed. However, breeding waxy sorghum can be time-consuming due to the need for grain to reach physiological maturity before the trait can be phenotyped and ongoing reliance on PCR markers for genotyping, which are not amenable to next-generation sequencing (NGS). Modern genomics-assisted breeding requires conducing high-throughput genotyping and selection in large, segregating populations prior to flowering. This study provides the first published NGS markers for the two mostly commonly used waxy (wx) alleles of sorghum and is the first to fully characterize the large insertion that is causal of the wxa allele. An enhanced genome assembly was constructed from the B.Tx623 reference genome (v3.1.1) to include the 5.6 kb large retrotransposon derivative (LARD) in the wxa allele. This improved read mapping at Sobic.010G022600 in wxa individuals, identified 78 new uniquely mapped reads, and made it possible to distinguish different Waxy genotypes using short-read sequencing data. Functional PACE-PCR markers, suitable for genomic selection, were developed for Wx, wxa, and wxb alleles and validated in three public and private breeding programs. These new molecular breeding resources will improve the efficiency of developing commercial waxy sorghum hybrids.
Analysis of risk factors affecting prognosis of fulminant myocarditis in children: A ten-year single-center study
Authors: Yuan Jia , Li Lijuan , Li Fengxiang , Li Jianbin , Ma Li , Li Ming , Zhou Na 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective: This study aimed to analysis of risk factors affecting prognosis of fulminant myocarditis in children.
Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all patients (n=40) diagnosed with fulminant myocarditis and admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at the Women and Children's Medical Center of Guangzhou Medical University between January 2014 and December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on their in-hospital prognosis: a survival group (n=32) and an non-survival group (n=8). Baseline demographics, laboratory findings, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and treatment regimens were compared between the two groups in a multifactorial analysis.using appropriate statistical tests.
Results: The median age of patients in the survival group was 7.8 years old (M[5,11.5]), and the median age in the non-survival group was 9.0years old (M[6,11.5]). Compared to the survival group, patients in the non-survival group had significantly higher levels of extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation(ECPR) use, ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF), peak creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB), peak N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide precursor (NT-proBNP), serum creatinine (Scr) on admission and peak, peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST), peak alanine aminotransferase (ALT), peak cardiac troponin I (cTnI), lactate on admission and peak, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) use (all p<0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis identified peak lactate level as an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with fulminant myocarditis (OR = 0.661, 95% CI 0.488-0.897, p=0.008).
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that peak lactate level is an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with fulminant myocarditis.
Ubiquitination of gasdermin D N-terminal domain directs its membrane translocation and pore formation during pyroptosis
Authors: Chu Xiufeng , Zheng Pengyuan , Ihtisham Bukhari 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Gasdermin D (GSDMD) is a critical mediator of pyroptosis, which consists of a N-terminal pore-forming domain and a C-terminal autoinhibitory domain. The free N-terminal domain (GD-NT), which is released through caspase-1/11 cleavage, exhibits distinct features from the full-length GSDMD (GD-FL), including oligomerization, membrane translocation and pore-formation. However, the underlying mechanisms are not well clarified. Here, we found that GD-NT, but GD-FL, was massively ubiquitinated in cells. The K63-linked polyubiquitination of GD-NT at Lys236/237 (human/mouse), catalyzed by TRAF1, directly its membrane translocation and pore-formation during pyroptosis. Inhibition of GD-NT ubiquitination via site mutation or the UBA1 inhibitor PYR-41 suppressed cell death in several pyroptosis cell models. Additionally, the application of PYR-41 in septic mice efficiently suppressed the release of IL-18 and TNF-⍺. Thus, GD-NT ubiquitination is a key regulatory mechanism controlling its membrane localization and activation, which may provide a novel target for modulating immune activity in pyroptosis-related diseases.
Microwave-assisted extraction of Camellia oleifera shell lignin via dual- acidic deep eutectic solvent and its mechanism
Authors: He Liu , Ku Conghao , Guo Huiqin , Peng Yangyang , Chen Yue , Yan Liushui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Deep eutectic solvents (DES) are gaining recognition for their utility in the cost-effective and high-solubility pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass. The unique combination of Brønsted acid and Lewis acid in DES gives it the ability to break hydrogen and ether bonds in lignin-carbohydrate complexes (LCCs) and can be applied to the extraction catalysis of lignin. This study investigates the efficacy of a dual-acidic DES in extracting lignin from Camellia oleifera shells, with the assistance of microwave irradiation. Our findings reveal that a DES composed of ZnCl2 and lactic acid in a ratio of 1:8(n/n) exhibits optimal performance. Utilizing this DES, we achieve the rapid extraction of lignin with a purity of 91.2%, yield of up to 97.1%, and a low polydispersity index of 1.49, within a remarkably short timeframe of 10 min, under microwave power of 70 W. Characterization by Infrared spectroscopy and NMR spectroscopy indicates that the extracted lignin is of GS type, predominantly preserving its C-C bonds while exhibiting a reduction in ether linkages. Furthermore, the study elucidates that the formation of extensive hydrogen bonding interactions between the dual-acidic DES and lignin is pivotal for the efficient extraction process, while also preserving the structural integrity of cellulose. Additionally, hemicellulose is mainly converted into furfural. The lignin derived from Camellia oleifera shells demonstrates the considerable potential for the production of platform chemicals, liquid fuels, and biomass-derived materials.
Characterizing identifiers for immigrant populations in Electronic Health Records
Authors: Ravi Preethi , Smith Margaret , Bogović Sabrina , Lin Camille , Yaffee Anna , Dudgeon Matthew , Zeidan Amy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

The current use of identifiers to describe immigrant patients in Electronic Health Records (EHRs) is poorly described and lacks standardization, but nevertheless has broad implications related to clinical care and research of this population. We conducted interviews with key informants to discern strong identifiers for use to identify patients who have immigrated to the United States (U.S.). Language, country of origin, time in the U.S., and race/ethnicity were identified as effective, ethical, and acceptable for use. Limitations of each of these identifiers were noted, highlighting the need to use multiple identifiers in combination when describing patients in EHRs. The processes used to collect these identifiers in clinical settings and the ethical implications of using these identifiers must also be carefully considered. Our results highlight the need for standards related to documentation of immigrant patients in EHRs. Further research is also needed to validate the identifiers we have outlined, discern additional identifiers that are useful and acceptable in specific clinical and research contexts, and explore how strong identifiers can be operationalized in EHRs for clinical, research, and community engagement purposes.
Impact of Extended Exposure to LED Light on Retinal Metabolome, Cognitive Function, and Behaviour
Authors: Ayyappan Aparna , Kumari Deeksha , Ashok Arjun , Shenoy Revathi P , Moggala Y S Phaneendra Malli , Biswas Monalisa , Shetty Mithun , Theruveethi Nagarajan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Exposure to short-wavelength LEDs, which are increasingly common in the digital era, particularly between 400 nm and 490 nm, can negatively impact the visual system and retinal metabolome. Thisstudy aimed to determine the effects of blue light exposure on retinal metabolomic changes and behaviour in rodents via gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS).
Methodology: A total of 18 healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into six groups (n=6), three control (NC) groups (n=3), and three experimental (EXP) groups (n=3). The EXP animals were exposed to a 4-hour (4.00–8.00 pm) light cycle of blue LED light with uniform illumination (450–500 lux) throughout 14, 21, and 28 days. Postexposure, the rats were subjected to behavioural tests via the passive avoidance test (PAT). The animals were subjected to the elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and retinal tissue was removed to evaluate the metabolomic profile via GC-MS.
Results: The PAT showed a notable difference in latency (p=0.0317) between the groups. The EXP to blue light resulted in worsened motor memory and a longer latency to enter the dark compartment (DC). The EPM test did not reveal noteworthy variance in the time spent in the closed arm (TSICA) across sessions (p=0.1801). When retinal metabolites were compared between the groups, there was a notable difference (p < 0.0001), with the experimental groups having different levels of hydroxylamine.
Conclusion: Extended exposure to blue LED light can cause molecular changes in the retina that may lead to significant structural damage over time. This damage can result in alterations in learning and motor memory, which can persist for up to 28 days.
High performance electro-catalyst with inherent nitrogen and sulfur from low rank coal for oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Cai Lianguo , Wang Tianzhen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Low cost and stable catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a challenge for fuel cells and lithium-O2 batteries. In this paper, the activated carbon with inherent nitrogen and sulfur from lignite was prepared via ambient temperature activation and high temperature carbonization process. The results show the surface areas of as prepared activated carbon was about 933 m2/g. And the nitrogen and sulfur content was 1.7% and 1.8%, respectively, which can facilitate the ORR performances of catalyst. The onset potential was -0.2 V (vs. Hg2Cl2) in 0.1 M KOH solution. The Chronoamperometric (CA) results show the catalyst has a very high stability. The electron transfer number of ORR is 3.81. High nitrogen and sulfur content activated carbon from coal was a promising material for ORR.
Esketamine induces embryonic and cardiac malformation through regulating the nkx2.5 and gata4 in zebrafish
Authors: Li Shuang , Zhao Rui , Jiang Tingyu , Huang Huansen , Tang Jiancheng , Ou Qiuyun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Esketamine (EK) has been widely used in the treatment of depression, but the effects of EK prenatal treatment on embryonic heart development have been rarely reported. This study assesses the effects of varying concentrations of EK on embryonic development and cardiogenesis to determine the teratogenic concentration in the zebrafish model, centering on the interaction with the genes nkx2.5 and gata4 to elucidate the mechanism cardiac morphogenesis. Zebrafish embryos were classified into six distinct groups and exposed to either a vehicle or EK to ascertain the half lethal concentration (LC50) at 48 hours post-fertilization (hpf) and 72hpf through enumerating statistics on mortality rates. Embryonic and heart morphologies were assessed utilizing live embryo imaging techniques and stereo microscopy. Nkx2.5 and gata4 were identified via whole-mount in situ hybridization. Exposure to EK results in concentration- and time- dependent significant teratogenic effects on zebrafish embryos. The 48h- and 72h-LC50 of EK for zebrafish embryos were 0.31 (95% CI, 0.22, 0.38) mg·mL-1 and 0.17 (95% CI，0.11, 0.24) mg·mL-1, respectively. A significant reduction in heart rates and body length were observed and the distance between the sinus venosus and bulbar artery (SV-BA) was also found expanded, the pericardial edema area showed significant swelling, and the body axis curvature was more pronounced in the EK exposure groups. WISH analysis showed nkx2.5 staining intensity significantly decreased, while gata4 expression notably increased in direct proportion to EK concentration increase. Our findings suggest that exposure of zebrafish embryos to EK leads to embryonic and cardiac malformations, primarily due to the down-regulation of nkx2.5 and the over-expression of gata4. The insights advocate to maintain equilibrium and a compensatory mechanism in the spatiotemporal regulation of gene expression is of paramount importance.
Gender Differences in Sleep Apnea: A Study of the Catalan Population
Authors: León-Gómez Brenda Biaani , Alvarez Maria Mar Rodriguez , Pujol-Salud Jesús , Thio Eulàlia Borrell , Erazo Susana , Antonio Josep Roca , Torán-Monserrat Pere 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
To analyse the distribution of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) and key comorbidities among men and women over 18 years old without a prior diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, seen by the teams of the Catalan Institute of Health (ICS) in both Primary Care (PC) and hospitalization according to Body Mass Index (BMI).
Methods
Cross-sectional, observational, and retrospective study with a cohort of 3,886 people, stratified by sex. Data were obtained from the SIDIAP database covering all individuals diagnosed with OSA without previous cardiovascular events from 01/01/2009-31/12/2016. The variables were age, socioeconomic deprivation index (MEDEA), BMI, smoking, alcohol consumption, and other comorbidities. Cardiovascular risk was calculated using the REGICOR function. Chi-square tests were used to compare variables by sex.
Results
Of the 3,886 people, 28.8% were women. The majority of individuals (92.6%) were > 40 years old. Women reported a higher BMI and a different comorbidity profile. They also showed a higher prevalence of Class III obesity. On the other hand, men presented higher alcohol and tobacco consumption and more metabolic conditions such as hypertriglyceridemia and hyperuricemia. They also showed a higher cardiovascular risk compared to women.
Conclusion
There are gender differences in OSA without prior cardiovascular disease according to gender and BMI. This has clinical implications to be considered in diagnosis and treatment.
Chiroferromagnetic Quantum Dots for Chiroptical Synapse (ChiropS)
Authors: Yeom Jihyeon , Kwon Junyoung , Jeon Jae Bum , Júnior Walber Gonçalves , Lee Min Gu , Lee Changhyeon , Kim Geunyoung , Song Hanchan , Cheong Woon Hyung , Im Sung Gap , de Moura Andre , Kim Kyung Min 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Optoelectronic devices using circularly polarized light (CPL) integration holds immense promise, offering enhanced sensitivity and specificity crucial for efficient data processing. With that, there has been growing needs in CPL sensing medium that processes strong optical activity, high stability and sensitivity, multi transition bands and environmental compatibility. Here, defect-engineered chiroferromagnetic quantum dots (CFQDs) are used as a new type of circularly polarized light (CPL) sensing material. By inducing amorphization defects using chiral molecules, CFQDs with a high density of unpaired electrons, atomic structural chirality, amplified chiroptical activity, and multiple exciton transition bands were obtained. The use of CFQDs as CPL sensing medium enables nonlinear long-term plastic behavior with linear optical input of the optoelectronic device, chiroptical synapse, which makes chiral quantum dot as in situ noise filters that facilitate over 20% noise reduction. Our CFQDs also provide over nine times higher integration for photon polarization and wavelength distinctions owing to their unique electric structures, which promises next-generation processors with enhanced energy efficiency, integration, and reduced retention time.
Analysis of Vehicle Movement Attraction Model of Nineteen November University Kolaka Students Tanggetada Sub-district Kolaka District
Authors: ODE AL TAFAKUR LA , PURNAMA HAERUL , Dirgantara Arya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Movement attraction is used to express a home-based movement that has a non-home origin or destination or a movement attracted by a non-home-based movement, to explain the trip attraction obtained is the number of movements attracted to a particular land use, location or zone. This study aims to model the movement attraction to the influential variables of a land- use that functions as an education activity center, the data analysis method used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using Statistical Program for Social Science (SPSS) software using the enter method and stepwise method. Model analysis is based on multiple regression models with SPSS program tools. Model testing includes multiple linear regression test and T test, From the results of the study, the results of the analysis show that the best model for forecasting trip generation for delivery vehicles for Nursing Academy students at the University of Nineteen November Kolaka, Tanggetada District is Y = 288,715 + 127,013 X₃, where Y is vehicle attraction, X3 is faculty area.
Feasibility and acceptability of COVID-19 self-testing offered through community screening posts in Mozambique: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Issufo Sheila , Mavume-Mangunyane Elzier , Valverde Emilio , Ndima Sozinho , Chimoyi Lucy , Penicela Carlos , Andrade Ivete , Berthilde Uwimana , Botão Carlos , Malate Phath G. , Bruno Carmen C. , Nhangave Amâncio , Tasca Bianca G. , Madden Norma , Powers Rachel , Mulder Christiaan , Keller Sara , Peregrino Remilekun Roland , Spruijt Ineke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background COVID-19 self-testing is a key strategy for point-of-care testing and COVID-19 out- management to identify persons infected with SARS-CoV-2 in low- and middle-income settings. We assessed the feasibility and acceptability of healthcare worker-supervised COVID-19 self-tests at community bi-directional screening posts for COVID-19 and tuberculosis in urban and peri-urban areas in southern Mozambique.Methods Persons presenting with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 and those at risk of COVID-19 infection were eligible for self-testing. We collected and described cascade of care data and survey data of persons who completed self-testing, and conducted logistic regression to assess predictors for the likelihood of using the self-test again (likely/not likely). We invited a subset of clients and supervising healthcare workers for semi-structured in-depth interviews, of which transcripts we analyzed using a thematic approach.Results We invited 382 persons for self-testing, of whom 369 (96.6%) clients performed self-test. 328 (88.9%) were willing to use the self-test again when experiencing COVID-19 symptoms, and 332 (90%) declared to accept its use as a screening measure for COVID-19 contacts. Provided its affordability, clients perceived self-testing as an acceptable strategy following its accessibility, comfortable usage, quick results. Feasibility of self-testing requires instructional videos in local languages and implementation should be done through community channels. All supervising healthcare workers perceived self-testing as an important tool for increasing testing accessibility, early diagnosis, reduction of overcrowding and COVID-19 infection risk in healthcare facilities.Conclusions COVID-19 self-testing is acceptable and feasible if provided with linguistic and cultural appropriate health education and instructions at affordable price. Self-test delivery packages and systems should be developed that could be adapted to existing or future self-tests for infectious diseases or other non-communicable diseases.
ZFP36-family RNA-binding proteins in regulatory T cells reinforce immune homeostasis.
Authors: Turner Martin , Sáenz-Narciso Beatriz , Bell Sarah , Matheson Louise , Venigalla Ram 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

RNA binding proteins (RBP) of the ZFP36 family limit the differentiation and effector functions of CD4 and CD8 T cells, but little is known of their expression or function in regulatory T cells (Treg). By Treg-restricted deletion of Zfp36 family members we identify the essential role of Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 in Treg to maintain immune homeostasis. Mice with Tregs deficient in these RBP display an inflammatory phenotype with an expansion in the numbers of type-2 conventional dendritic cells, T effector cells, T follicular helper and germinal center B cells and elevated serum cytokines and immunoglobulins. In the absence of Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2, the pool of cycling CTLA-4 in naïve Treg was reduced, Tregs were less sensitive to IL-2 and IL-7 but were more sensitive to IFNγ. In mice lacking both RBP in Treg, the deletion of a single allele of Ifng is sufficient to ameliorate the pathology. Thus, ZFP36L1 and ZFP36L2 regulate multiple pathways that enable Tregs to enforce immune homeostasis.