bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential micro ribonucleic acid expression profiling in ovarian endometrioma with leuprolide acetate treatment
Authors: Kiba Atsushi , Banno Kouji , Yanokura Megumi , Asada Mari , Nakayama Yusuke , Aoki Daisuke , Watanabe Tatsuya 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimMicro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) play an important pathological role in endometriosis. Leuprolide acetate, an analog of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone, is widely used to treat endometriosis; however, the molecular mechanisms involved in endometriotic tissue regression remain unclear. We performed miRNA expression profiling of clinical ovarian endometrioma to obtain insight into the effects of leuprolide acetate treatment.MethodsWe obtained clinical samples from nine normal eutopic endometrium, eight ovarian endometriotic, and 12 leuprolide acetate‐treated endometriotic tissues. We compared the miRNA expression profiles of the three groups by performing TaqMan Array MicroRNA Card and bioinformatic analysis.ResultsTwo miRNAs, miR‐939 and miR‐154, were upregulated in endometriotic tissue and downregulated in leuprolide acetate‐treated endometriotic tissue. Five miRNAs (miR‐146a, miR‐142‐3p, miR‐136*, miR‐125b‐1* and miR‐15b*) were unchanged in endometriotic tissue but were upregulated under leuprolide acetate treatment. Ingenuity pathway analysis using predicted target genes for the seven identified miRNAs suggested the involvement of a range of pathways, including axonal guidance, bone morphogenetic protein, phosphatase and tensin homolog and nitric oxide signaling; molecular mechanisms of cancer; and the adipogenesis and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathways.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, this is the first report profiling the miRNAs of endometrioma under leuprolide acetate treatment. The expression of seven miRNAs was modulated, concomitant with the disease state. This result gives new insight into the effects of leuprolide acetate treatment. Further investigation using quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry will allow us to validate the results of this study and to explore new therapeutic targets and biomarkers of endometriosis.
Occlusal Pressure Redistribution with Single Implant Restorations
Authors: Roque Miguel A. , Gallucci German O. , Lee Sang J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPurposeTo describe the occlusal pressure redistribution in dental arches following placement of single posterior implant‐supported restorations in occlusion with natural dentitions.Materials and MethodsFifteen patients who presented for successfully osseointegrated single posterior implant restorations participated in the study. Cement‐retained, all‐ceramic implant crowns were fabricated and delivered after adjustment for interproximal contacts, fit, and uniform occlusal contacts. Occlusal pressure distribution was recorded with a digital sensor that reported contact point forces as a percentage of total pressure applied to the sensor. Measurements were taken before and after restoration for comparison. The distribution of relative occlusal stress was analyzed for statistical significance by location.ResultsThe results indicated that placement of posterior implant‐supported restorations increased the bite pressure in the sextants containing the restorations by an average of 4.18% (p = 0.019) of the maximum value registered (maximum bite pressure). The contralateral occlusal load was found to decrease by 2.9% (p = 0.047) of the maximum value registered; however, there was no significant difference among or between the tooth positions.ConclusionSingle posterior implant‐supported restorations significantly increased the percentage (%) of total occlusal pressure in the containing sextant and decreased percentage of total occlusal pressure in the contralateral sextant. When analyzing restorations by exact position, more posterior implant restorations decreased the occlusal pressure applied in anterior dentitions.
Infectious morbidity and resource use in children under 2 years old at childcare centres
Authors: del Castillo‐Aguas Guadalupe , Gallego‐Iborra Ana , Gutiérrez‐Olid Mario , Pérez‐González Olga , Moreno‐Muñoz Ginesa , Ledesma‐Albarrán Juana M 
Published: October 2016

AimTo analyse the associations between childcare centres and infectious morbidity and resource consumption.MethodsCohort study from birth to 2 years. Outcome variable: number and types of infections, drug consumption and medical visits. Exposure variable: attending or not attending a childcare centre. School age: 6–12, >12–18, >18–24 months.ResultsThe initial cohort comprised 445 children, and the final cohort comprised 419 children.The mean number of recurrent infections and wheezing was higher in children attending childcare centres in all age groups with significant differences. Recurrent acute otitis media was observed in the 12‐ to 18‐month group with an odds ratio of 6.04 (95% confidence interval, 1.3–27.6; P = 0.001) in the children attending childcare centres. In children older than 6 months, there was greater consumption of antibiotics, inhaled bronchodilators, oral and inhaled corticosteroids and montelukast.ConclusionsAttending a childcare is associated with an increased frequency of recurrent infections and wheezing, as well as the consumption of antibiotics, bronchodilators, corticosteroids and montelukast.
Prevalence of past‐year dental visit among US adults, 1999–2010: comparison of trends and estimates between the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and three national surveys
Authors: Lin Mei , Li Chien‐Hsun , Wei Liang , Naavaal Shillpa , Kolavic Gray Shellie , Manz Michael C. , Barker Laurie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo compare estimated prevalence of past‐year dental visit (PPYDV) among US adults aged ≥18 years from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) to estimates from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), and National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).MethodsWe estimated PPYDV adjusted for covariates (age, race/ethnicity, education level, poverty status, edentulism) using BRFSS, MEPS, and NHIS 1999–2010, and NHANES 1999–2004. We tested trend in overall PPYDV for BRFSS, MEPS, and NHIS from 1999–2010. For 2002 and 2010, we calculated absolute differences (AD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in PPYDV between BRFSS and each of the other surveys overall and among subpopulations defined by covariates. We pooled NHANES 1999–2004 data for comparison with BRFSS 2002.ResultsFrom 1999 to 2010, BRFSS (68.5% vs. 67.5%), MEPS (43.5% vs. 39.7%), and NHIS (63.3% vs. 59.7%) showed small but significant decreases in overall PPYDV. In 2002, estimates for overall PPYDV were highest for BRFSS (70.0%) and lowest for MEPS (43.9%) with estimates for NHIS (61.5%) and NHANES (1999–2004: 58.1%) in between; the largest AD (26.2%, 95% CI: 25.0%–27.3%) was between BRFSS and MEPS. ADs were consistent in 2002 and 2010, overall and by covariates, except among edentate persons, where PPYDV estimates from BRFSS and NHIS were similar.ConclusionsEstimates of PPYDV from BRFSS were notably higher than estimates from MEPS, NHIS, or NHANES except among the edentate. Trends in PPYDV over time, however, were consistent across all surveys.
Nondestructive spectroscopic and petrochemical investigations of Paleoarchean spherule layers from the ICDP drill core BARB5, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa
Authors: Fritz Jörg , Tagle Roald , Ashworth Luisa , Schmitt Ralf Thomas , Hofmann Axel , Luais Béatrice , Harris Phillip D. , Hoehnel Desirée , Özdemir Seda , Mohr‐Westheide Tanja , Koeberl Christian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA Paleoarchean impact spherule‐bearing interval of the 763 m long International Continental Scientific Drilling Program (ICDP) drill core BARB5 from the lower Mapepe Formation of the Fig Tree Group, Barberton Mountain Land (South Africa) was investigated using nondestructive analytical techniques. The results of visual observation, infrared (IR) spectroscopic imaging, and micro‐X‐ray fluorescence (μXRF) of drill cores are presented. Petrographic and sedimentary features, as well as major and trace element compositions of lithologies from the micrometer to kilometer‐scale, assisted in the localization and characterization of eight spherule‐bearing intervals between 512.6 and 510.5 m depth. The spherule layers occur in a strongly deformed section between 517 and 503 m, and the rocks in the core above and below are clearly less disturbed. The μXRF element maps show that spherule layers have similar petrographic and geochemical characteristics but differences in (1) sorting of two types of spherules and (2) occurrence of primary minerals (Ni‐Cr spinel and zircon). We favor a single impact scenario followed by postimpact reworking, and subsequent alteration. The spherule layers are Al2O3‐rich and can be distinguished from the Al2O3‐poor marine sediments by distinct Al‐OH absorption features in the short wave infrared (SWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum. Infrared images can cover tens to hundreds of square meters of lithologies and, thus, may be used to search for Al‐OH‐rich spherule layers in Al2O3‐poor sediments, such as Eoarchean metasediments, where the textural characteristics of the spherule layers are obscured by metamorphism.
Genetic basis for variation in salinity tolerance between stickleback ecotypes
Authors: Kusakabe Makoto , Ishikawa Asano , Ravinet Mark , Yoshida Kohta , Makino Takashi , Toyoda Atsushi , Fujiyama Asao , Kitano Jun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdaptation to different salinities can drive and maintain divergence between populations of aquatic organisms. Anadromous and stream ecotypes of threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) are an excellent model to explore the genetic mechanisms underlying osmoregulation divergence. Using a parapatric pair of anadromous and stream stickleback ecotypes, we employed an integrated genomic approach to identify candidate genes important for adaptation to different salinity environments. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping of plasma sodium concentrations under a seawater challenge experiment identified a significantQTLon chromosome 16. To identify candidate genes within thisQTL, we first conductedRNA‐seq and microarray analysis on gill tissue to find ecotypic differences in gene expression that were associated with plasma Na+levels. This resulted in the identification of ten candidate genes. QuantitativePCRanalysis on gill tissue of additional Japanese stickleback populations revealed that the majority of the candidate genes showed parallel divergence in expression levels. Second, we conducted whole‐genome sequencing and found five genes that are predicted to have functionally important amino acid substitutions. Finally, we conducted genome scan analysis and found that eight of these candidate genes were located in genomic islands of high differentiation, suggesting that they may be under divergent selection. The candidate genes included those involved inATPsynthesis and hormonal signalling, whose expression or amino acid changes may underlie the variation in salinity tolerance. Further functional molecular analysis of these genes will reveal the causative genetic and genomic changes underlying divergent adaptation.
Genome‐wide sequence data suggest the possibility of pollinator sharing by host shift in dioecious figs (Moraceae, Ficus)
Authors: Wachi Nakatada , Kusumi Junko , Tzeng Hsy‐Yu , Su Zhi‐Hui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe obligate mutualism of figs and fig‐pollinating wasps has been one of the classic models used for testing theories of co‐evolution and cospeciation due to the high species‐specificity of these relationships. To investigate the species‐specificity between figs and fig pollinators and to further understand the speciation process in obligate mutualisms, we examined the genetic differentiation and phylogenetic relationships of four closely related fig‐pollinating wasp species (Blastophaga nipponica, Blastophaga taiwanensis, Blastophaga tannoensis and Blastophaga yeni) in Japan and Taiwan using genome‐wide sequence data, including mitochondrial DNA sequences. In addition, population structure was analysed for the fig wasps and their host species using microsatellite data. The results suggest that the three Taiwanese fig wasp species are a single panmictic population that pollinates three dioecious fig species, which are sympatrically distributed, have large differences in morphology and ecology and are also genetically differentiated. Our results illustrate the first case of pollinator sharing by host shift in the subgenus Ficus. On the other hand, there are strict genetic codivergences between allopatric populations of the two host–pollinator pairs. The possible processes that produce these pollinator‐sharing events are discussed based on the level and pattern of genetic differentiation in these figs and fig wasps.
Structurally diverse dehydroshikimate dehydratase variants participate in microbial quinate catabolism
Authors: Peek James , Roman Joseph , Moran Graham R. , Christendat Dinesh 
Published: October 2016

SummaryQuinate and shikimate can be degraded by a number of microbes. Dehydroshikimate dehydratases (DSDs) play a central role in this process, catalyzing the conversion of 3‐dehydroshikimate to protocatechuate, a common intermediate of aromatic degradation pathways. DSDs have applications in metabolic engineering for the production of valuable protocatechuate‐derived molecules. Although a number of Gram‐negative bacteria are known to catabolize quinate and shikimate, only limited information exists on the quinate/shikimate catabolic enzymes found in these organisms. Here, we have functionally and structurally characterized a putative DSD designated QuiC1, which is present in some pseudomonads. The QuiC1 protein is not related by sequence with previously identified DSDs from the Gram‐negative genus, Acinetobacter, but instead shows limited sequence identity in its N‐terminal half with fungal DSDs. Analysis of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa quiC1 gene knock‐out demonstrates that it is important for growth on either quinate or shikimate. The structure of a QuiC1 enzyme from P. putida reveals that the protein is a fusion of two distinct modules: an N‐terminal sugar phosphate isomerase‐like domain associated with DSD activity and a novel C‐terminal hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase‐like domain. The results of this study highlight the considerable diversity of enzymes that participate in quinate/shikimate catabolism in different microbes.
Counterpossibles in Science: The Case of Relative Computability
Authors: Jenny Matthias 
Published: October 2016

AbstractI develop a theory of counterfactuals about relative computability, i.e. counterfactuals such asIf the validity problem were algorithmically decidable, then the halting problem would also be algorithmically decidable,which is true, andIf the validity problem were algorithmically decidable, then arithmetical truth would also be algorithmically decidable,which is false. These counterfactuals arecounterpossibles, i.e. they have metaphysically impossible antecedents. They thus pose a challenge to the orthodoxy about counterfactuals, which would treat them as uniformly true. What's more, I argue that these counterpossibles don't just appear in the periphery of relative computability theory but instead they play an ineliminable role in the development of the theory. Finally, I present and discuss a model theory for these counterfactuals that is a straightforward extension of the familiar comparative similarity models.
Psychosocial changes following transition to an aged care home: qualitative findings from Iran
Authors: Zamanzadeh Vahid , Rahmani Azad , Pakpour Vahid , Chenoweth Lynnette Lorraine , Mohammadi Eesa 
Published: October 2016

Aims and objectivesThe study explored the psychosocial effects of transitioning from home to an aged care home for older Iranian people.BackgroundMoving from one's own home to a communal aged care home is challenging for older people and may give rise to numerous psychosocial responses. The extent and intensity of such changes have rarely been explored in Middle Eastern countries.DesignData were collected through purposive sampling by in‐depth semi‐structured interviews with 20 participants (17 people living in aged care homes and three formal caregivers). All the interviews were recorded and typed, and conventional qualitative content analysis was used, eliciting common themes.ResultsThere were four common themes: communication isolation, resource change, monotone institutional life and negative emotional response. Participants lost their previous support systems when transitioning to an aged care home and were not able to establish new ones. Routine care was provided by formal caregivers with little attention to individual needs, and minimal support was given to help maintain the older person's independence. These losses gave rise to negative emotions in some of the participants, depending on their previous lifestyle and accommodation arrangements.ConclusionsThe extent and intensity of psychosocial changes occurring in most of the participants following their transition to an aged care home indicates the need for a review of Iranian aged care services.Implications for practiceTo assist older Iranian people adapt more readily when making the transition to aged care home and to meet their unique psychosocial needs, a family‐centred approach to service delivery is recommended.
Principal component analysis as an alternative treatment for morphometric characters: phylogeny of caseids as a case study
Authors: Brocklehurst Neil , Romano Marco , Fröbisch Jörg 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn a recent study, the phylogeny of Caseidae (a herbivorous family of Palaeozoic synapsids belonging to the paraphyletic grade known as pelycosaurs) was analysed with a dataset employing more than three hundred continuous morphological characters in an effort to follow the principles of total evidence. Continuous characters are a source of great debate, with disagreements surrounding their suitability for and treatment in phylogenetic analysis. A number of shortcomings were identified in the handling of continuous characters in this study of caseids, including the use of gap weighting to discretize the characters and potential issues with redundancy and character non‐independence. Therefore, an alternative treatment for these characters is suggested here. First, rather than using gap weighting, the continuous characters were analysed in the program TNT, in which the raw values can be treated as continuous rather than discrete. Second, prior to the phylogenetic analysis, the continuous characters were subjected to a log‐ratio principal component analysis, and then the principal components were included in the character matrix rather than the raw ratios. Analysing the original data in TNT produced little difference in the results, but using the principal components as continuous characters resulted in alternative positions for Caseopsis agilis, Ennatosaurus tecton and Caseoides sanangeloensis. The differences are judged to be due to the reduced redundancy of the characters, the smaller number of principal components not overwhelming the discrete characters and the use of a scaling method which allows principal components with a higher variance to have a greater influence on the analysis. The positions of highly fragmentary fossils depended heavily on the method used to treat the missing characters in the principal component analysis, and so the method proposed here is not recommended for analysing very incomplete taxa.
Petrology and Geochemistry of the Banded Iron Formation of the Kuluketage Block, Xinjiang, NW China: Implication for BIF Depositional Setting
Authors: Wang Xiangdong , Lv Xinbiao , Cao Xiaofeng , Yuan Qian , Wang Yifan , Liu Wen , Ruan Banxiao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Kuluketage block, located in the northeast Tarim craton, is one of the largest Precambrian blocks in the Xinjiang province. Recently, many banded iron formation (BIF)‐type (Superior‐type) deposits have been discovered in the western part of the Kuluketage block. These deposits occurred in the Paleoproterozoic Shayiti Formation, Xingditage Group, which has a nearly E–W distribution in the southern Xinger and Xingdi faults. Tremolite biotite schist and quartzite are the main wall rocks. The geochemical characteristics of schist indicate that the BIFs occurred in a passive continental margin environment. The LA–ICP–MS zircon 206Pb/238U ages of BIF and late syenite are 1945 ± 10 Ma(MSWD = 0.77) (weighted average age) and 1974 ± 27 Ma(MSWD = 1.05) (upper intercept age), respectively, indicating that the BIFs occurred in the Paleoproterozoic. In addition, the approximately 1.9 Ga magmatic and metamorphic events are consistent with the global‐scale 2.1–1.8 Ga collisional orogen events which are associated with the assembly of the Columbia supercontinent. The geochemical characteristics show that magnetite and quartz are dominant components (total content, 91.65–98.22 wt.%), and the Zr(Nb) and TiO2, Zr(Nb) and Al2O3 and Zr and Y/Ho display strongly positive correlations, illustrating the addition of crustal materials into the chemical precipitate of the original BIFs. The higher Zr, Nb and Al2O3 contents and a lower Y/Ho ratio of the Kuluketage BIFs indicate a higher terrigenous detrital component contaminant compared to BIFs of North China Craton (NCC). The rare earth and yttrium (REY) distribution patterns show a slight LREE enrichment and weak Eu positive anomaly features, indicating that the source of Fe and Si of the Kuluketage BIFs is mainly from the contribution of low‐temperature hydrothermal alteration of the oceanic crust. In addition, along with the decreasing BIF depositional age, the declining of Eu anomaly values reflects the increasing importance of low‐temperature hydrothermal solutions relative to high‐temperature hydrothermal solutions. Moreover, no Ce anomalies in studied BIFs, NCC and Xinyu BIFs are attributed to relative reducing environmental condition when the original BIFs precipitated.
The rising importance of local government in the United States: Recent research and challenges for sociology
Authors: Lobao Linda 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLocal governments have gained increasing responsibilities for public well‐being according to a variety of social science literatures. The rise of the local state is often seen as a part of a broader process of state‐rescaling or downward shift in national governance under neoliberal development. Yet attention to local government lags in political sociology, which conventionally elevates the national federal state as its object of interest. I summarize four recent bodies of literature that address the new role of local governments. Taken together, these literatures speak to different sides of the debate about whether the rise of local government is detrimental to citizens' well‐being. I explain how greater sociological attention to the local state can contribute to this debate as well as inform political sociologists' understanding of the U.S. nation‐state itself and provide directions for future research.
Criminology and war: where are we going and where have we been?
Authors: DiPietro Stephanie M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAlthough the metaphor of war (e.g., the war on terror, war on crime, war on drugs) figures prominently in contemporary criminological discourse, criminologists have generally lagged behind other disciplines in studying the reality of war and its implications for crime, punishment, and ideology. In this essay, I first consider potential reasons for criminology's limited role in studying war and make the case for why war warrants a more central place in criminological discourse. Subsequently, I trace some of criminology's early contributions to the study of war in two domains—(a) legal responses to war and (b) the link between war and crime—and reflect upon ways in which the discipline can both broaden its purview and draw from its own intellectual history to engage more critically with the subject of war.