bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The potential global impact and cost-effectiveness of next-generation influenza vaccines: a modelling analysis
Authors: Goodfellow Lucy , Procter Simon R , Koltai Mihaly , Waterlow Naomi R , Filipe Johnny A N , Wong Carlos K H , van Leeuwen Edwin ,   WHO Technical Advisory Group for the Full Value of Influenza Vaccines Assessment, Eggo Rosalind M , Jit Mark 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundNext-generation influenza vaccines (NGIVs) are in development and have the potential to achieve greater reductions in influenza burden, with resulting widespread health and economic beneﬁts. Understanding the prices at which their market can be sustained and which vaccination strategies may maximise impact and cost-effectiveness, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, can provide a valuable tool for vaccine development and investment decision-making at a national and global level. To address this evidence gap, we projected the health and economic impact of NGIVs in 186 countries and territories.Methods and FindingsWe inferred current influenza transmission parameters from World Health Organization (WHO) FluNet data in regions deﬁned by their transmission dynamics, and projected thirty years of influenza epidemics, accounting for demographic changes. Vaccines considered included current seasonal vaccines, vaccines with increased efficacy, duration, and breadth of protection, and universal vaccines, deﬁned in line with the WHO Preferred Product Characteristics. We estimated cost-effectiveness of different vaccination scenarios using novel estimates of key health outcomes and costs.NGIVs have the potential to substantially reduce influenza burden: compared to no vaccination, vaccinating 50% of children aged under 18 annually prevented 1.3 (95% uncertainty range (UR): 1.2-1.5) billion infections using current vaccines, 2.6 (95% UR: 2.4-2.9) billion infections using vaccines with improved efficacy or breadth, and 3.0 (95% UR: 2.7-3.3) billion infections using universal vaccines. In many countries, NGIVs were cost-effective at higher prices than typically paid for existing seasonal vaccines. However, cross-subsidy may be necessary for improved vaccines to be cost-effective in lower income countries.This study is limited by the availability of accurate data on influenza incidence and influenza-associated health outcomes and costs. Furthermore, the model involves simplifying assumptions around vaccination coverage and administration, and does not account for societal costs or budget impact of NGIVs. How NGIVs will compare to the vaccine types considered in this model when developed is unknown. We conducted sensitivity analyses to investigate key model parameters.ConclusionsThis study highlights the considerable potential health and economic beneﬁts of NGIVs, but also the variation in cost-effectiveness between high-income and low- and middle-income countries. This work provides a framework for long-term global cost-effectiveness evaluations, and contributes to a full value of influenza vaccines assessment to inform recommendations by WHO, providing a pathway to developing NGIVs and rolling them out globally.
Population-level Impact of HPV Vaccination On the Incidence of Genital Warts in Sweden
Authors: Astorga Alsina Ana Martina , Herweijer Eva , Lei Jiayao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSweden introduced HPV vaccination in 2006, administered through opportunistic, subsidized, catch-up and school-based programs. Notably, genital warts (GW) are the first observable clinical outcome following infection by HPV-6/11, targeted by vaccination. We aim to gain knowledge of the population incidence of GW in Sweden and evaluate its change throughout vaccination programs.MethodsThis ecological study used Swedish registers to obtain national population data and cases of genital warts from 2006-2018 in men and women aged 15-44. We used Poisson models to evaluate GW incidence change after vaccination in reference to a pre-vaccination period, stratified by age and sex. As well as, to estimate incidence change of GW in birth cohorts eligible for different vaccination programs compared to a pre-vaccination cohort. Finally, we estimated GW cases averted in each vaccinated cohort.ResultsThe incidence of GW decreased during periods following HPV vaccination. In 2016-2018, over a decade after vaccination availability, incidence decreased by 89% (95% CI 83-93), 73% (95% CI 71-75), 50% (95% CI 43-56) and 20% (95% CI 10-28) in women aged 15-19, 20-24, 25-29 and 30-34, respectively. A similar reduction was observable in men, although of lesser magnitude. We estimated 18,890 and 12,343 GW cases averted among vaccinated cohorts of women and men, respectively.ConclusionsWe report on population-level decreases of GW incidence in women and men following increased vaccination coverage. Cohorts eligible for school-based vaccination recorded the largest decrease in GW incidence in Sweden to date. For the period under study, decreases among men could be attributed to herd effects.
Effectiveness of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Versus Doxycycline in the Treatment of Periodontitis on Glycaemic Control and Periodontal Parameters in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Abbott Maisie , Mackenzie Louise 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis meta-analysis aimed to compare the efficacy of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) with systemic doxycycline, as adjunctive treatments to scaling and root planing (SRP) for treating periodontitis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA search across electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, CENTRAL, OVID EMBASE and OVID MEDLINE was carried out to identify relevant randomised controlled trials (RCTs), comparing aPDT or doxycycline combined with SRP, versus SRP alone. Data were pooled using random-effects models and indirect comparisons were retrieved using the Chi2 test for subgroup differences, to assess the impact of these treatments on glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL).ResultsEight RCTs were included. aPDT with SRP showed a significant reduction in probing depth compared to doxycycline (MD = -0.55 mm, 95% CI: -1.03 to -0.07; p = 0.02). A significant difference between the two subgroups was found (p = 0.04), suggesting aPDT was more effective. No significant differences were found for HbA1c or CAL between the two interventions.ConclusionsThe findings suggest that aPDT may offer greater benefits for the treatment of periodontitis in T2DM patients. This suggests that aPDT could potentially be a non-antibiotic alternative to doxycycline. However, as neither treatment influenced HbA1c, clinicians should not rely on periodontal therapy for glycaemic control.Layperson summaryPeople with type 2 diabetes have a higher risk of getting gum disease because their bodies can’t manage blood sugar levels well. When people with type 2 diabetes get gum disease, the swelling in their gums makes it even harder to control their blood sugar levels, making their diabetes worse. Type 2 diabetics sometimes don’t respond well to regular gum treatments so dentists will also give them antibiotics to treat the gum disease. But when antibiotics are used too often, they can stop working. This is called antibiotic resistance and it’s a big problem in healthcare. Therefore, this study wanted to test if adding a special light therapy to regular gum treatments could replace using antibiotics. The results from this study found that the light therapy was better at healing parts of the gums compared to antibiotics. However, neither treatment made a big difference in blood sugar levels. This is important because it means that the light therapy could replace antibiotics for treating gum disease, reducing the problem of antibiotic resistance. However, more research is needed to see if these treatments could have any beneficial effect on blood sugar levels.
A Deep Learning Based Smartphone Application for Early Detection of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Using Endoscopic Images
Authors: Yue Yubiao , Zeng Xinyu , Lin Huanjie , Xu Jialong , Zhang Fan , Zhou KeLin , Li Li , Li Zhenzhang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNasal endoscopy is crucial for the early detection of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), but its accuracy relies significantly on the physician’s expertise, posing challenges for primary healthcare providers. Here, we retrospectively analysed 39,340 nasal endoscopic white-light images from three high-incidence NPC centres, utilising eight advanced deep learning models to develop an Internet-enabled smartphone application, “Nose-Keeper”, that can be used for early detection of NPC and five prevalent nasal conditions and assessment of healthy individuals. Our App demonstrated a remarkable overall accuracy of 92.27% (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 90.66%-93.61%). Notably, its sensitivity and specificity in NPC detection achieved 96.39% and 99.91%, respectively, outperforming nine experienced otolaryngologists. Explainable artificial intelligence was employed to highlight key lesion areas, improving Nose-Keeper’s decision-making accuracy and safety. Nose-Keeper can assist primary healthcare providers in diagnosing NPC and related diseases efficiently, offering a valuable resource for people in high-incidence NPC regions to manage nasal cavity health effectively.
Increased atherogenicity in mood disorders: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Authors: Jirakran Ketsupar , Almulla Abbas F. , Jaipinta Thapanee , Vasupanrajit Asara , Jansem Priabprat , Tunvirachaisakul Chavit , Dzhambazova Elizabet , Stoyanov Drozdstoj St. , Maes Michael 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) often coexist with metabolic syndrome. Both are linked to increased atherogenicity and a higher risk of cardiovascular diseases.ObjectivesThis meta-analysis seeks to evaluate the relationship between atherogenic indices and mood disorders (MDD/BD), while identifying the most effective atherogenic biomarkers for mood disorders.MethodsThis study adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. We searched electronic databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science, for articles published up to August 1, 2024.ResultsIn this meta-analysis, 85 eligible studies (14 on BD and 71 on MDD) were included, covering 70,856 participants: 18,738 patients and 52,118 healthy controls. Patients with mood disorders showed significant increases (p < 0.001) in the Castelli Risk Index 2 (CRI2), Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), and (triglyceride or TG + low-density lipoprotein + very low-density lipoprotein)/(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol or HDL + Apolipoprotein A or ApoA) ratio, but not CRI1 and ApoB/ApoA ratio. Significant lower HDL and lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity, and higher TG levels were observed in mood disordered patients compared with controls. There were no significant differences between MDD and BD patients. Most included studies lacked the most essential information on the inclusion and exclusion of important confounders.ConclusionsAIP is the most effective atherogenicity index for mood disorders. Regular lipid profiling and metabolic syndrome screening are crucial in mood disorders. Early intervention with lipid-lowering therapies is recommended to prevent the worsening of atherogenicity and disease progression.
Acute psilocybin and ketanserin effects on cerebral blood flow: 5-HT2AR neuromodulation in healthy humans
Authors: Larsen Kristian , Lindberg Ulrich , Ozenne Brice , McCulloch Drummond E. , Armand Sophia , Madsen Martin K. , Johansen Annette , Stenbæk Dea S. , Knudsen Gitte M. , Fisher Patrick M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPsilocin, the active metabolite of psilocybin, is a psychedelic and agonist at the serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) that has shown positive therapeutic effects for brain disorders such as depression. To elucidate the brain effects of psilocybin, we directly compared the acute effects of 5-HT2AR agonist (psilocybin) and antagonist (ketanserin) on cerebral blood flow (CBF) using pseudo-continuous arterial spin labelling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in a single-blind, cross-over study in 28 healthy participants. We evaluated associations between plasma psilocin level (PPL) or subjective drug intensity (SDI) and CBF. We also evaluated drug effects on internal carotid artery (ICA) diameter using time-of-flight MRI angiography. PPL and SDI were significantly negatively associated with regional and global CBF (∼11.5% at peak drug effect, p<0.0001). CBF did not significantly change following ketanserin (2.3%, p=0.35). Psilocybin induced a significantly greater decrease in CBF compared to ketanserin in the parietal cortex (pFWER<0.0001). ICA diameter was significantly decreased following psilocybin (10.5%, p<0.0001) but not ketanserin (−0.02%, p=0.99). Our data support an asymmetric 5-HT2AR modulatory effect on CBF and provide the first in vivo human evidence that psilocybin constricts the ICA, which has important implications for understanding the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying its acute effects.
Social media use and exposure to pro-tobacco content: a comparison of sexual identity and gender in young adults in California
Authors: Ganz Ollie , Gonsalves Nishi J. , Talbot Eugene M. , Donaldson Scott I. , Jeong Michelle , Allem Jon-Patrick 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionGiven the rapidly changing media landscape and tobacco marketplace, timely data on media consumption and exposure to pro-tobacco content across media channels among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) young adults is imperative for developing counter-messaging and public education campaigns for these individuals.MethodsUsing 2023 data from young adults in California, this study examined how social media use differed across media channels for heterosexual and LGB young adults, by gender identity. Exposure to pro-tobacco content across media channels between heterosexual and LGB young adults, by gender identity was also compared.ResultsFindings from a representative sample of young adults in California showed that more LGB young adults reported using Tumblr and fewer reported using Facebook and Snapchat, compared with heterosexual young adults, among both males and females. Additionally, social media use differed by gender identity. For example, use of Reddit was more common among LGB versus heterosexual females, but there were no differences by sexual identity among males. Exposure to tobacco marketing was more common among LGB females compared with heterosexual females, but this was not the case for males. Exposure to user-generated e-cigarette content, and self-reported visits to e-cigarette websites, were more common among LGB females compared to heterosexual females.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the importance of treating LGB individuals as a heterogeneous group. As such, anti-tobacco campaigns designed for LGB individuals that leverage social media will want to consider which social media platforms are most used among their target audience, ensuring maximum campaign reach.
Comprehensive Analysis of Therapeutic Strategies Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes in Preclinical Models of Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mukherjee Riya , Pandey Ramendra Pati , Gunjan  , Himanshu  , Wang Ing-Kae , Hsieh Sing-Ying , Chang Chung-Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a common degenerative disease affecting people and animals, resulting in persistent pain and joint deformities. Its growing prevalence presents considerable difficulties to public health and veterinary care systems worldwide. Despite substantial research, the molecular pathways underlying OA pathogenesis remain poorly understood, limiting the development of effective treatment strategies. Exosomes, or small endosomal membrane microvesicles, have emerged as intriguing vehicles for intercellular communication and medicinal administration in a variety of illnesses, including OA. However, their efficacy and action methods in preclinical OA models require additional exploration.MethodsWe analyzed several databases from 2016 to 2023 for original studies on exosome treatment in preclinical OA models. The inclusion criteria included studies that used exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in both human and animal models of OA. Thematic synthesis and data extraction were used to examine research features, dosage administration techniques, and efficacy results. The quality of included studies was assessed using recognized criteria, and statistical analysis was performed to determine the efficacy of exosome treatment in decreasing Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores.ResultsOur study comprised thirteen peer-reviewed articles that included both human and animal models of OA. Most trials used bone marrow MSC-derived exosomes administered intra-articularly. The analysis of OARSI scores revealed a considerable reduction in joint deterioration following exosome therapy. Source analysis demonstrated that exosome treatment originating from human and animal MSCs was consistently effective. However, an assessment of study quality revealed potential biases and limitations, emphasizing the need for more research to validate these findings and refine therapy options for OA management.Abstract FigureGraphical Abstract
Self-reported health 50 years later among Children and Adolescents who experienced The Scorched Earth tactics in Finnmark county, Norway, in World War II, 1944/45
Authors: Pedersen Marit , Alsaker Elin , Lund Eiliv 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundMost of Finnmark county in Norway was burned down during World War II by the German troops on order from Hitler, the scorched earth tactic. More than 50 000 were evacuated, but 23 000 disobeyed and stayed the winter 1944/45 in caves, turf huts and underneath boats. The purpose of this study was to examine among those being children and adolescents at that time, the effect of place of residence, nutrition and self-reported health consequences of wartime experiences on current self-reported health 50 years later.Material and methodsIn connection with the cardio-vascular screening study in Finnmark 1996/97 nine questions regarding health status and experiences during World War II were included in a questionnaire. Altogether 3.471 persons born between 1925 and 1944 responded to the questions: 64% response rate. The dependant variables in the analysis were current self-reported health.ResultsIn a multivariate analysis those who reported reduction in health due to the war had a higher risk of having poor self-reported health at time of screening; OR=2.7 (95% confidence interval 2.1-3.5). Place of residence 1944/45 in Finnmark was a borderline significant risk factor, while lack of food was associated with reduced self-reported health.ConclusionDespite the long period of time between World War II and the present screening, a relation between the experience from the war and having a poor self-evaluated health status today was found. The study indicates long-term health consequences of warfare on the civilian population, but due to the cross-sectional design further prospective studies are necessary.
Recommendations on surveillance for recurrence in asymptomatic patients following surgery in 16 common cancer types: a systematic review
Authors: Harrison Hannah , Shah Bhumi K. , Khan Faris , Batley Carley , Re Chiara , Rossi Sabrina H. , Stimpson Georgia , Gilmore Eamonn , White Ellie , Kler-Sangha Sofia , Espressivo Aufia , Pan Z. Sienna , Rujedawa Tanzil , Lamb Benjamin W. , Succony Laura , Lam Shi , Zacharia Bincy M. , Lucey Rebecca , Fulton Alexander J. P. , Kaludova Dimana , Balakrishnan Anita , Usher-Smith Juliet A. , Stewart Grant D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesTo identify and compare guidelines which make recommendations surveillance for the detection of recurrence for 16 common solid cancers after initial treatment with curative intent in asymptomatic patients.DesignWe conducted a systematic review, combining search results from two electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE) and one guideline organisation website (NICE), as well as using expert consultation and manual searching. Screening and data extraction were carried out by multiple reviewers. We collected data from each guideline on the recommendations for surveillance and the use of risk-stratification. Findings were compared between cancer types and regions. Text mining was used to extract statements commenting on the evidence for surveillance.ResultsWe identified 123 guidelines across 16 cancer types. Almost all guidelines (n=115, 93.5%) recommend routine surveillance for recurrent disease in asymptomatic patients after initial treatment. Around half (n=59, 51.3%) recommend indefinite or lifelong surveillance. The most common modality of surveillance was cross-sectional imaging. Risk-stratification of the frequency, length, and mode of surveillance was widespread, with most of the guidelines (n=92, 74.8%) recommending that surveillance be adapted based on assessment of patient risk. More than a third of the included guidelines (n=50, 39.0%) provided incomplete or vague recommendations about surveillance. For fourteen of the included cancers, we found statements in the guidelines indicating that there is no evidence that surveillance improves survival.ConclusionsAlthough specific details of follow-up schedules vary, common challenges were identified across the 16 included cancer types. These include heterogeneity between recommendations for the same cancer type, vague or non-specific recommendation and a lack of cited evidence to support use of surveillance to improve outcomes for patients. Challenges in generating evidence in this area remain, however, increased availability to linked health records may provide a way forward for researchers.RegistrationProtocol published on PROSPERO in 2021 (ID: CRD42021289625)
MRISeqClassifier: A Deep Learning Toolkit for Precise MRI Sequence Classification
Authors: Pan Jinqian , Chen Qi , Sun Chengkun , Liang Renjie , Bian Jiang , Xu Jie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMagnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a crucial diagnostic tool in medicine, widely used to detect and assess various health conditions. Different MRI sequences, such as T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and FLAIR, serve distinct roles by highlighting different tissue characteristics and contrasts. However, distinguishing them based solely on the description file is currently impossible due to confusing or incorrect annotations. Additionally, there is a notable lack of effective tools to differentiate these sequences. In response, we developed a deep learning-based toolkit tailored for small, unrefined MRI datasets. This toolkit enables precise sequence classification and delivers performance comparable to systems trained on large, meticulously curated datasets. Utilizing lightweight model architectures and incorporating a voting ensemble method, the toolkit enhances accuracy and stability. It achieves a 99% accuracy rate using only 10% of the data typically required in other research. The code is available athttps://github.com/JinqianPan/MRISeqClassifier.