bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nollywood and the Nigerian Security Situation: Prospects and Challenges of Alternative Security Outfits in Lancelot Odua Imasuen’s Isakaba
Authors: Nwosu Canice Chukwuma , Uche Oliver Onyekwere Chizaram 
Published: December 2017

Peace and security are not only variables of national growth and development, but also panacea for sustainable development. However, amidst challenges of emergent culture produced by the Nigerian nation-state the two vital variables remain elusive. Hence, the ability to put these variables in place constitutes part of the puzzle and dilemma of almost every republic in Nigeria. Therefore, the problem of this study is persistent state of insecurity that bedevil most republics in Nigeria as manifest in incessant armed robbery attacks, students’ unrest, religious riots, and most recently, militancy and terrorism. Hence, the aim of this study is to assess prospects and challenges of alternative security outfits as solution to Nigeria’s security challenges using Lancelot Odua Imasuen’s Isakaba. The study examined Nollywood’s projection of the search for lasting solution to the nation’s security problems in an outfit influenced by African ritualistic practices, system of justice and its obvious challenges and prospects. Case study and content analysis approaches of the qualitative research method were adopted by the researchers for data collection and analysis. The study revealed that; individuals, organizations, communities, the media and various tiers of government in Nigeria have continued to experiment on how to ensure security of lives and property of the citizenry in the face of a corrupt and lukewarm police force. Consequently, propositions like: the use of the traditional security system, state police, individual security outfits, the use of armed forces and even individualized security systems which allow individuals the use of personal gun for self-protection have been made. The study concluded that alternative security outfits are closer to the people and is therefore more effective than the government security agents. However, the use of these outfits must be supervised by the state or federal governments
A Critical Discourse Analysis of Courtroom Proceedings in Nigeria
Authors: Richard Brilliant , Nwizug Sumenenua Suzi 
Published: December 2017

Critical Discourse Analysis is a theory that examines and analyzes power asymmetry in discourse. It primarily studies the way social power abuse, dominance, and inequality are enacted, reproduced, and resisted by text and talk in the social and political context. This paper applied this theory to legal discourse with the aim of exposing how the question-answer sequences of a direct and cross examination, turn-taking, objections, and other legal proceedings create unequal relationship among participants. It draws its motivation from the enormous works on legal discourse in western world that have brought radical changes in their justice system. The data of the study are audio recordings and personal observations of courtroom interactions; Supreme Court Quarterly Report 1990, from the High Court Library. From the data analysis, it was discovered that, evidentiary rules empower those who assume the examiner’s role by placing them in control of topic choice and direction, and giving them the means to constrain the contributions of others. It was also learned that the Judge wields the ultimate power and dominates in the court. Witnesses are powerless participants in legal discourse and are subjected to various forms of control by examiners. The study concluded that there is an unequivocally legitimized inequality in the courtroom which manifests through language and that language is the most powerful natural weapon used to effectuate justice in societies.Key Words: Critical discourse analysis, courtroom, power, inequality, lawyers and Judges
Relationship Between Sensory Processing and Pretend Play in Typically Developing Children
Authors: Roberts Tara , Stagnitti Karen , Brown Ted , Bhopti Anoo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOBJECTIVE. We sought to investigate the relationship between sensory processing and pretend play in typically developing children.METHOD. Forty-two typically developing children ages 5–7 yr were assessed with the Child Initiated Pretend Play Assessment and the Home and Main Classroom forms of the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM).RESULTS. There were significant relationships between elaborate pretend play and body awareness (r = .62, p &lt; .01), balance (r = .42, p &lt; .01), and touch (r = .47, p &lt; .01). Object substitution was associated with social participation (r = .42, p &lt; .05).CONCLUSIONS. The sensory processing factors (from the SPM)—namely, Body Awareness, Balance, Touch, and Social Participation—were predictive of the quality of children’s engagement in pretend play in the home environment. The results indicated that, to engage and participate in play, children are involving sensory processing abilities, especially body awareness, balance, and touch.
Pro re Nata versus Bimonthly Regimen in Exudative AMD Treated with Aflibercept: 1-year Results
Authors: Keppi Jean-Julien , Wolff Benjamin , Castelnovo Laurent , Michel Guillaume , Speeg-Schatz Claude , Gaucher David 
Published: December 2017

Purpose To compare pro re nata (PRN) and bimonthly intravitreal aflibercept injection protocols in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Methods This was a retrospective, observational, comparative study in 2 centers. All study patients presented with newly diagnosed nAMD and were treated as follows after an induction of 3 consecutive monthly loading doses: the bimonthly group was retreated every 2 months and followed up every 4 months while the PRN group was retreated in case of subretinal exudation or visual acuity decrease and followed up every month. A comprehensive ophthalmic examination was performed at each study visit. Results At 1 year, 34 eyes were analyzed. The 19 patients in the bimonthly group had a mean visual acuity improvement of +8.5 Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters whereas stabilization was observed in the PRN group (-0.47 ETDRS letters; p = 0.027). All patients in the bimonthly group had 4 follow-up visits and 7.5 injections whereas the mean number of follow-up visits in the PRN group (15 patients) was 7.8 with 7.6 injections. Conclusions Our study suggests that a fixed bimonthly aflibercept retreatment protocol may provide better visual results than a PRN protocol.
Cidade e memória: entre o desejo e o afeto
Authors: Oliveira Adriana Mara Vaz de , Mello Márcia Metran de 
Published: December 2017

<p>Este artigo propõe um mergulho na gênese da cidade de Goiânia, perquirindo a memória dos seus criadores e de seus moradores pioneiros. A euforia expressa no desejo e sonho de construir uma nova cidade manifesta-se claramente em todos os relatos oficiais que constituem a memória histórica de Goiânia. Aqueles que detinham o controle do desejo realizaram o sonho. A afeição de todos os pioneiros por aquele lugar inóspito foi garantida pelo desejo de consolidar a cidade nova e moderna, que se contrapunha ao antigo e atrasado representado pela cidade de Goiás. A memória compartilhada manifestou-se nos seus depoimentos. </p>
Controlar y reformar: la visita al consejo de hacienda de Lope De Los Ríos (1664-1667) = Control and Reform: The Visit to Lope de los Ríos’ the Finances Council (1664-1667).
Authors: Milán Coronado Enrique 
Published: December 2017

La situación de déficit financiero que atravesaba la Monarquía y la mala administración del fisco regio hicieron necesario que desde el siglo XVI se pusieran en marcha visitas al Consejo de Hacienda. El objetivo de las mismas era evitar y corregir posibles fraudes cometidos por parte de los oficiales, introducir reformas para mejorar el sistema financiero, la gestión de la administración y la reducción de costes, todo ello con el fin último de incrementar los ingresos de la Real Hacienda. Los resultados de la visita que Lope de los Ríos realiza al Consejo de Hacienda entre 1664 a 1667 cuestionaron, por un lado las labores de “buen gobierno” por parte de algunos oficiales regios y la eficacia de las visitas anteriores, y por otro lado, muestran la existencia de relaciones interpersonales entre los hombres de negocios y asentistas, además de los conflictos suscitados por el Consejo de Hacienda al rechazar ser sometido al control del Consejo de Castilla. AbstractThe deficit situation that the Monarchy was going through and the bad administration of the Royal Treasury made it necessary to put a visit to the Finances Council into action since the XVIth century. The objective of this was to avoid and to correct tax evasions from officers; to introduce reforms improving the financial system, the administration management and the cost reduction; and with that, to increase profits to the Royal Treasury. The results of the Lope de los Ríos’ visit to the Finances Council between 1664 and 1667, on the one hand, question the duties of a “bad administration” by some royal officers and the efficacy of these visits in certain occasions and, on the other hand, show the existence of interpersonal relationships between the businessmen and the contractors, in addition to the conflicts raised by the Council of Finance to reject to be subjected to review by the Council of Castile.
Gernot Böhmes atmosfæreæstetik og vejrfænomenologi
Authors: Frølund Sune 
Published: December 2017

The paper explores Gernot Böhme’s interpretation of the concept of atmosphere as an aesthetical concept of the natural environment, especially of the weather. Böhme takes over the concept of atmosphere from Hermann Schmitz’ body phenomenology in which human feelings are considered to be spatial atmospheres. Böhme integrates atmospheres into his phenomenology of nature by showing that they are bodily sensations of human’s mode of being in their environment. Based on this framework he sketches out a phenomenology of the weather, i.e. a theory of the connection of climate and our mode of being. The perspective of the paper is to employ Böhme’s work with atmospheres in environmental education in general, and, speciﬁ cally, in education concerning climate change.
De l’entraîneur à l’intervenant : réflexion sur l’apport des connaissances issues des sciences du sport aux interventions basées sur le sport auprès des jeunes contrevenants
Authors: Rioux Michel-Alexandre , Laurier Catherine , Gadais Tegwen , Terradas Miguel 
Published: December 2017

L’objectif du présent article est d’initier un dialogue entre les domaines de la psychologie, de la psychoéducation et de la criminologie avec celui des sciences du sport dans le but de synthétiser les récents progrès réalisés en sciences du sport et d’en faire profiter l’intervention basée sur le sport auprès des jeunes contrevenants. Une revue de la littérature a d’abord été effectuée à partir de quatre bases de données : ERIC, Criminal Justice Abstracts, Psycinfo et Sport Discuss. Toutes les études répondant aux critères d’inclusion (n = 8) ont ensuite été analysées de manière descriptive, puis compréhensive à la lumière de la Théorie du changement (Weiss, 1998). Ces analyses ont permis de mettre en lumière les facteurs associés au rôle potentiel de l’entraîneur dans le développement positif des jeunes participants. Ces facteurs concernent le savoir-être et le savoir-faire de l’entraîneur. De plus, cette étude a permis de dégager l’effet que la participation sportive peut avoir sur le bien-être psychologique des jeunes, ainsi que ses conséquences développementales. Finalement des recommandations pratiques concernant la mise en place d’une intervention basée sur le sport en milieu de réhabilitation sont présentées. Ces interventions devraient être dispensées par un intervenant qui : (a) connait bien les besoins des jeunes contrevenants et adapte ses interventions à ceux-ci, (b) possède une philosophie de développement holistique, (c) tend à établir des relations horizontales avec les participants et (d) leur donne une rétroaction positive.
Pourquoi les statistiques sont-elles difficiles à enseigner et à comprendre? Quelques réflexions
Authors: Cousineau Denis , Harding Bradley 
Published: December 2017

Les statistiques sont une matière notoirement difficile à enseigner aux étudiants des sciences humaines. L’anxiété statistique, une forme d’anxiété bien documentée chez ces étudiants, est présente dès le début du cours et explique donc une partie des difficultés rencontrées par ces étudiants. Cependant, nous croyons que l’anxiété statistique est la conséquence plutôt que la source de ces difficultés. Pour enclencher une discussion qui, à terme, pourrait bonifier la façon d’enseigner les statistiques dans les sciences humaines, nous examinons ici trois causes qui pourraient expliquer cet anxiété. D’une part, les humains ont très peu d’intuition du hasard (comme le montrent les études sur les jeux d’argent dans lesquels des conceptions erronées sont dévoilées), et donc, les notions de distribution et d’échantillonnage restent des concepts opaques pour plusieurs. De plus, certains concepts statistiques reposent sur des raisonnements « méta-statistiques » dans lesquels il faut concevoir des statistiques sur des statistiques. Finalement, la notion de prise de décision dans un contexte où l’information est partielle et incertaine est souvent mal comprise. Dans ce texte, nous précisons ces trois difficultés et suggérons des recommandations pour en amoindrir les conséquences. Cependant, les pistes présentées ici nécessitent d’être validées par des études formelles; ce texte se veut avant tout un catalyseur de discussions visant l’amélioration de l’état de nos classes de méthodes quantitatives.
Des pays : Marie-Hélène Lafon, Pierre Jourde
Authors: Coyault Sylviane 
Published: December 2017

Marie-Hélène Lafon, Pierre Jourde : deux auteurs rattachés par leur origine familiale au Cantal. Leurs oeuvres sont en partie consacrées à cette France rurale dont ils sont issus, mais la réception de celles-ci ne va pas de soi auprès des habitants du Cantal. Pierre Jourde a même été victime d’agressions. Si Lafon s’est heurtée à quelque hostilité, elle a pris grand soin par la suite de « brouiller les pistes » et jouit désormais d’une relative immunité. Nous examinons ici deux ouvrages, dont les titres se font écho à neuf ans d’intervalle : Pays perdu de Jourde (2003) et Les Pays de Lafon (2012). Il s’agit de déceler les raisons factuelles, biographiques expliquant la différence de réception, et de comparer les partis pris d’écriture ainsi que les imaginaires.
A Model for Low‐Frequency Earthquake Slip
Authors: Chestler S. R. , Creager K. C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUsing high‐resolution relative low‐frequency earthquake (LFE) locations, we calculate the patch areas (Ap) of LFE families. During episodic tremor and slip (ETS) events, we define AT as the area that slips during LFEs and ST as the total amount of summed LFE slip. Using observed and calculated values for AP, AT, and ST, we evaluate two end‐member models for LFE slip within an LFE family patch. In the ductile matrix model, LFEs produce 100% of the observed ETS slip (SETS) in distinct subpatches (i.e., AT ≪ AP). In the connected patch model, AT = AP, but ST ≪ SETS. LFEs cluster into 45 LFE families. Spatial gaps (∼10 to 20 km) between LFE family clusters and smaller gaps within LFE family clusters serve as evidence that LFE slip is heterogeneous on multiple spatial scales. We find that LFE slip only accounts for ∼0.2% of the slip within the slow slip zone. There are depth‐dependent trends in the characteristic (mean) moment and in the number of LFEs during both ETS events (only) and the entire ETS cycle (
and
and
and
, respectively). During ETS, Mc decreases with downdip distance but NT does not change. Over the entire ETS cycle, Mc decreases with downdip distance, but NT increases. These observations indicate that deeper LFE slip occurs through a larger number (800–1,200) of small LFEs, while updip LFE slip occurs primarily during ETS events through a smaller number (200–600) of larger LFEs. This could indicate that the plate interface is stronger and has a higher stress threshold updip.
Quantification of Rotavirus Diarrheal Risk Due to Hydroclimatic Extremes Over South Asia: Prospects of Satellite‐Based Observations in Detecting Outbreaks
Authors: Hasan M. Alfi , Mouw Colleen , Jutla Antarpreet , Akanda Ali S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRotavirus is the most common cause of diarrheal disease among children under 5. Especially in South Asia, rotavirus remains the leading cause of mortality in children due to diarrhea. As climatic extremes and safe water availability significantly influence diarrheal disease impacts in human populations, hydroclimatic information can be a potential tool for disease preparedness. In this study, we conducted a multivariate temporal and spatial assessment of 34 climate indices calculated from ground and satellite Earth observations to examine the role of temperature and rainfall extremes on the seasonality of rotavirus transmission in Bangladesh. We extracted rainfall data from the Global Precipitation Measurement and temperature data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer sensors to validate the analyses and explore the potential of a satellite‐based seasonal forecasting model. Our analyses found that the number of rainy days and nighttime temperature range from 16°C to 21°C are particularly influential on the winter transmission cycle of rotavirus. The lower number of wet days with suitable cold temperatures for an extended time accelerates the onset and intensity of the outbreaks. Temporal analysis over Dhaka also suggested that water logging during monsoon precipitation influences rotavirus outbreaks during a summer transmission cycle. The proposed model shows lag components, which allowed us to forecast the disease outbreaks 1 to 2 months in advance. The satellite data‐driven forecasts also effectively captured the increased vulnerability of dry‐cold regions of the country, compared to the wet‐warm regions.
Simulated Effect of Carbon Cycle Feedback on Climate Response to Solar Geoengineering
Authors: Cao Long , Jiang Jiu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMost modeling studies investigate climate effects of solar geoengineering under prescribed atmospheric CO2, thereby neglecting potential climate feedbacks from the carbon cycle. Here we use an Earth system model to investigate interactive feedbacks between solar geoengineering, global carbon cycle, and climate change. We design idealized sunshade geoengineering simulations to prevent global warming from exceeding 2°C above preindustrial under a CO2 emission scenario with emission mitigation starting from middle of century. By year 2100, solar geoengineering reduces the burden of atmospheric CO2 by 47 PgC with enhanced carbon storage in the terrestrial biosphere. As a result of reduced atmospheric CO2, consideration of the carbon cycle feedback reduces required insolation reduction in 2100 from 2.0 to 1.7 W m−2. With higher climate sensitivity the effect from carbon cycle feedback becomes more important. Our study demonstrates the importance of carbon cycle feedback in climate response to solar geoengineering.
The Asymmetric Continental Shelf Wave in Response to the Synoptic Wind Burst in a Semienclosed Double‐Shelf Basin
Authors: Qu Lixin , Lin Xiaopei , Hetland Robert D. , Guo Jingsong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe primary goal of this study is to investigate the asymmetric structure of continental shelf wave in a semienclosed double‐shelf basin, such as the Yellow Sea. Supported by in situ observations and realistic numerical simulations, it is found that in the Yellow Sea, the shelf wave response to the synoptic wind forcing does not match the mathematically symmetric solution of classic double‐shelf wave theory, but rather exhibits a westward shift. To study the formation mechanism of this asymmetric structure, an idealized model was used and two sets of experiments were conducted. The results confirm that the asymmetric structure is due to the existence of a topographic waveguide connecting both shelves. For a semienclosed basin, such as the Yellow Sea, a connection at the end of the basin eliminates the potential vorticity barrier between the two shelves and hence plays a role as a connecting waveguide for shelf waves. This waveguide enables the shelf wave to propagate from one shelf to the other shelf and produces the asymmetric response in sea level and upwind flow evolutions.
Modeling the Dynamics of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over the Antarctic Plateau With a General Circulation Model
Authors: Vignon Etienne , Hourdin Frédéric , Genthon Christophe , Van de Wiel Bas J. H. , Gallée Hubert , Madeleine Jean‐Baptiste , Beaumet Julien 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObservations evidence extremely stable boundary layers (SBL) over the Antarctic Plateau and sharp regime transitions between weakly and very stable conditions. Representing such features is a challenge for climate models. This study assesses the modeling of the dynamics of the boundary layer over the Antarctic Plateau in the LMDZ general circulation model. It uses 1 year simulations with a stretched‐grid over Dome C. The model is nudged with reanalyses outside of the Dome C region such as simulations can be directly compared to in situ observations. We underline the critical role of the downward longwave radiation for modeling the surface temperature. LMDZ reasonably represents the near‐surface seasonal profiles of wind and temperature but strong temperature inversions are degraded by enhanced turbulent mixing formulations. Unlike ERA‐Interim reanalyses, LMDZ reproduces two SBL regimes and the regime transition, with a sudden increase in the near‐surface inversion with decreasing wind speed. The sharpness of the transition depends on the stability function used for calculating the surface drag coefficient. Moreover, using a refined vertical grid leads to a better reversed “S‐shaped” relationship between the inversion and the wind. Sudden warming events associated to synoptic advections of warm and moist air are also well reproduced. Near‐surface supersaturation with respect to ice is not allowed in LMDZ but the impact on the SBL structure is moderate. Finally, climate simulations with the free model show that the recommended configuration leads to stronger inversions and winds over the ice‐sheet. However, the near‐surface wind remains underestimated over the slopes of East‐Antarctica.