bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Incidence of anaemia and its predictors among HIV-infected children receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment in North-West Ethiopia: a multicentre retrospective follow-up study
Authors: Alemu Gebrie Getu , Tesfie Tigabu Kidie , Yayeh Azmeraw Tadele , Woleli Dessalew Abelneh , Aweke Mekuriaw Nibret 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAnaemia is one of the most common problems in HIV-infected patients associated with increased HIV progression, decreased functional capacity, survival and quality of life. For better interventions, up-to-date information concerning anaemia among HIV-infected children less than 5 years of age on antiretroviral therapy (ART) is vital. Thus, this study aims to determine the predictors of anaemia among HIV-infected children less than 5 years of age receiving ART in North-West Ethiopia.DesignAn institution-based retrospective follow-up study was conducted.Study settingAmhara region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, North-West Ethiopia.ParticipantsIn total, we examined 460 HIV-infected children less than 5 years of age who had followed highly active antiretroviral treatment from 2010 to 2020.Outcome measuresThe outcome measures were median time to detection of anaemia, the incidence and the effects of cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT), ART adherence, tuberculosis (TB), WHO clinical stage and wasting on anaemia.ResultsThe overall follow-up time was 9234 person-months of observation. The incidence density of anaemia was 8.34 per 1000 person-months of observation (95% CI 6.67 to 10.43). The cumulative survival probability of children after the last months of follow-up was 0.54. The independent predictors of anaemia were not receiving CPT (adjusted HR (AHR)=4.44; 95% CI 2.48 to 7.93), poor adherence to ART (AHR=2.46; 95% CI 1.37 to 4.42), TB (AHR=3.40; 95% CI 1.72 to 6.72), severe WHO clinical stage (AHR=3.03; 95% CI 1.40 to 6.58) and severe wasting (AHR=1.98; 95% CI 1.08 to 3.64).Conclusion and recommendationThe incidence rate of anaemia was high and it was provoked by predictors like CPT, ART adherence, TB, WHO clinical stage and wasting. Therefore, it is necessary to emphasise for these predictors.
Guideline concordant screening and monitoring of extrapyramidal symptoms in patients prescribed antipsychotic medication: a protocol for a systematic literature review and narrative synthesis
Authors: Aubry Rebekah , Hastings Thomas , Morgan Micheal , Hastings Jacqueline , Bolton Marie , Grummell Maura , Killeen Sinead , Coyne Cathal , Shorr Risa , Solmi Marco 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionGiven the increasing rates of antipsychotic use in multiple psychiatric conditions, greater attention to the assessment, monitoring and documentation of their side effects is warranted. While a significant degree of attention has been provided to metabolic side effect monitoring, comparatively little is known about how clinicians screen for, document and monitor the motor side effects of antipsychotics (ie, parkinsonism, akathisia, dystonia and dyskinesias, collectively ‘extrapyramidal side effects’, EPS). This review aims to systematically assess the literature for insights into current trends in EPS monitoring practices within various mental health settings globally.Methods and analysisAn electronic search will be performed using the OVID Medline, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and APA PsycINFO databases for studies published in the last quarter century (1998 to present day). Two independent reviewers will conduct the initial title and abstract screenings, using predetermined criteria for inclusion and exclusion. A third reviewer will resolve disagreements if consensus cannot be reached. If selected for inclusion, full-text data extraction will then be conducted using a pilot-tested data extraction form. Quality assessment will be conducted for all included studies using a modified version of the Quality Improvement Minimum Quality Criteria Set. A narrative synthesis and summary of the data will be provided. All stages of the review process will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required. Findings will be peer reviewed, published and shared verbally, electronically and in print with interested clinicians and will also be presented as posters or talks at relevant medical conferences and meetings.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023482372.
Comparison of two implementation strategies for anterior cruciate ligament injury prevention in amateur girls’ youth soccer: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Suits William , Darmofal Meg , Roe Olivia , Liao Tzu-Chieh 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesTo compare two implementation strategies, an educational handout and a knowledge-to-action (KTA) intervention, for promoting anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programme (ACL-IPP) implementation in amateur youth girls’ soccer. The primary outcomes assessed include frequency of ACL-IPP implementation and ACL injury risk.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study, which followed 671 amateur female soccer players (15.72±1.78 years) whose coaches received either a KTA intervention (n=400) or an educational handout (n=271) regarding implementing an ACL-IPP. Over a single season, we tracked the number of ACL injuries weekly and implementation rates at the end of the season through surveying participating coaches. A χ2test was used to compare the ACL-IPP implementation rate between the handout and KTA intervention. Cox-hazard proportional regressions were used to examine the effect of implementation rate and educational interventions on ACL injuries.ResultsThe KTA intervention yielded higher ACL-IPP implementation as compared with the educational handout (X2(1, n=671)=25.87, p<0.001). Implementation of any ACL-IPP at least two times per week was associated with a lower risk of ACL injuries (HR=0.15, 95% CI=0.03, 0.73; p=0.019) compared with implementing once per week or fewer. The KTA intervention was not associated with a significantly lower risk of ACL injuries (HR=0.39, 95% CI=0.09, 1.61; p=0.191) compared with the educational handout.ConclusionStakeholder engagement in the process of planning and execution of IPPs, such as with a KTA intervention, appears beneficial for the purposes of increasing implementation rates. Since implementation was significantly associated with lower rates of ACL injuries, this process may lead to improved results in injury prevention in amateur youth soccer.
S100A9 and HMGB1 orchestrate MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in melanoma through TLR4 signaling
Authors: Özbay Kurt Feyza Gül , Cicortas Beatrice-Ana , Balzasch Bianca M , De la Torre Carolina , Ast Volker , Tavukcuoglu Ece , Ak Cagla , Wohlfeil Sebastian A , Cerwenka Adelheid , Utikal Jochen , Umansky Viktor 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundImmunotherapies for malignant melanoma are challenged by the resistance developed in a significant proportion of patients. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC), with their ability to inhibit antitumor T-cell responses, are a major contributor to immunosuppression and resistance to immune checkpoint therapies in melanoma. Damage-associated molecular patterns S100A8, S100A9, and HMGB1, acting as toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGE) ligands, are highly expressed in the tumor microenvironment and drive MDSC activation. However, the role of TLR4 and RAGE signaling in the acquisition of MDSC immunosuppressive properties remains to be better defined. Our study investigates how the signaling via TLR4 and RAGE as well as their ligands S100A9 and HMGB1, shape MDSC-mediated immunosuppression in melanoma.MethodsMDSC were isolated from the peripheral blood of patients with advanced melanoma or generated in vitro from healthy donor-derived monocytes. Monocytes were treated with S100A9 or HMGB1 for 72 hours. The immunosuppressive capacity of treated monocytes was assessed in the inhibition of T-cell proliferation assay in the presence or absence of TLR4 and RAGE inhibitors. Plasma levels of S100A8/9 and HMGB1 were quantified by ELISA. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed on monocytes from patients with melanoma and healthy donors.ResultsWe showed that exposure to S100A9 and HMGB1 converted healthy donor-derived monocytes into MDSC through TLR4 signaling. Our scRNA-seq data revealed in patient monocytes enriched inflammatory genes, includingS100and those involved in NF-κB and TLR4 signaling, and a reduced major histocompatibility complex II gene expression. Furthermore, elevated plasma S100A8/9 levels correlated with shorter progression-free survival in patients with melanoma.ConclusionsThese findings highlight the critical role of TLR4 and, to a lesser extent, RAGE signaling in the conversion of monocytes into MDSC-like cells, underscore the potential of targeting S100A9 to prevent this conversion, and highlight the prognostic value of S100A8/9 as a plasma biomarker in melanoma.
Risk factors for persistent postoperative opioid use: an entity distinct from chronic postsurgical pain
Authors: Ramo Sama , Frangakis Stephan , Waljee Jennifer F , Bicket Mark C 
Published: September 2024

Despite a decline in opioid prescriptions over the past decade, patients commonly receive opioid analgesics as a treatment for postoperative pain in the USA. One complication that patients may experience after surgery is persistent postoperative opioid use (PPOU), or opioid use beyond the typical recovery period. Often defined as beyond 3 months postsurgery, PPOU is frequently conflated with chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP), where pain persists well after the expected healing time following surgery. This narrative review explores the distinct risk factors for each condition, their interrelation, and potential future research directions.For PPOU, major risk factors include the risky use of substances including misuse and use disorders; depression and other mental health disorders; a history of chronic pain before surgery including back pain; and certain surgical types (ie, total knee arthropathy, open cholecystectomy, total hip arthropathy). Conversely, CPSP risk factors include the type of surgery (ie, thoracic and breast surgeries), mental health conditions (particularly catastrophizing), and pain in both the preoperative and postoperative phases. Despite the overlap of some factors, studies typically employ different frameworks when examining PPOU and CPSP, with a biopsychosocial model applied for CPSP and little emphasis on an individual’s social environment employed for PPOU. Additionally, existing studies predominantly rely on retrospective insurance claims data, which may not capture the full scope of risk factors.To fill gaps in understanding, investigations may prospectively assess and analyze patient-reported outcomes, implement similar frameworks, and concurrently measure both conditions to advance the scientific understanding of PPOU and CPSP.
Postoperative epidural analgesia and outcomes following pediatric bilateral lung and heart-lung transplantation: a retrospective observational study
Authors: McLaughlin Kerry , Konstantatos Alex , Karna Shravya , Azzopardi Stuart , Buckland Mark , Sivakumar Harry , Glick Ron , Astrera-Srgo Mycah , Paul Eldho 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThe value of epidural analgesia in pediatric patients having heart and lung transplant surgery is unknown. We aimed to characterize various quality outcomes in patients who did and did not have epidural analgesia.MethodsData were collected retrospectively for 62 patients from 2006 to 2023 at a tertiary care transplant center. Patients were evaluated by epidural status. The primary outcome was a hospital stay in days. Other measures of morbidity and mortality were measured as secondary endpoints.ResultsThe mean age was 12.7 (3) years; 54 (87%) received bilateral lung transplantation, and 8 (13%) received en bloc heart-lung transplantation. 41 (66%) were female. Epidural utilization rate was 74 %, n=45. On univariate analysis, epidural analgesia compared with no epidural was associated with a reduction in the median length of hospital stay from 26.5 to 20 days (p=0.02). After adjustment for age, sex and type of operation, there was no significant difference in LOS. Other findings following univariate analysis included reduced time of postoperative ventilation with a median reduction of 7–2 days (p=0.019), and a reduced 5-day postoperative opioid requirement; median of 2.94–1.21 mg/kg/24 hours (p=0.004) with epidural analgesia. Epidural analgesia was not associated with a change in overall survival (p=0.49).ConclusionDespite a likely improvement in analgesia, we could not demonstrate a definitive impact of epidural analgesia on outcomes in this small cohort of patients. Larger datasets through registries and institutional collaboration will be needed to increase sample size to identify effect sizes and adjust for confounders.
Asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis is associated with increased Alzheimer’s disease and non-Alzheimer’s disease dementia risk
Authors: Vitali Francesca , Torrandell-Haro Georgina , Branigan Gregory , Arias Aristizabal Juan , Reiman Eric , Bedrick Edward J , Brinton Roberta Diaz , Weinkauf Craig 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundIn the absence of a cerebrovascular accident, whether asymptomatic extracranial carotid atherosclerotic disease (aECAD) affects Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and non-AD dementia risk is not clear. Understanding whether aECAD is associated with an increased risk for AD is important as it is present in roughly 10% of the population over 60 and could represent a modifiable risk factor for AD and non-AD dementia.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study analysed Mariner insurance claims. Enrolment criteria included patients aged 55 years or older with at least 5 years of data and no initial dementia diagnosis. Subjects with and without aECAD were evaluated for subsequent AD and non-AD dementia diagnoses. Propensity score matching was performed using confounding factors identified by logistic regression. χ2tests and Kaplan-Meier survival curves were used to evaluate the impact of aECAD diagnosis on AD and non-AD dementia risk over time.Results767 354 patients met enrolment criteria. After propensity score matching, 62 963 subjects with aECAD and 62 963 subjects without ECAD were followed through data records. The aECAD cohort exhibited an increased relative risk of 1.22 (95% CI 1.15 to 1.29, p<0.001) for AD and 1.48 (95% CI 1.38 to 1.59, p<0.001) for non-AD dementias compared with the propensity score-matched cohort without aECAD. The increased AD risk associated with aECAD was evident in patients younger than 75 years old and was less apparent in patients over 75 years of age.ConclusionsaECAD is associated with an increased risk of developing AD and non-AD dementias. These findings underscore the need for further prospective evaluation of interactions between aECAD and dementia, with potential implications for change of clinical care in both of these large patient populations.
A likelihood framework for cryogenic scintillating calorimeters used in the CRESST dark matter search
Authors:   CRESST Collaboration, Angloher G. , Banik S. , Benato G. , Bento A. , Bertolini A. , Breier R. , Bucci C. , Burkhart J. , Canonica L. , D’Addabbo A. , Lorenzo S. Di , Einfalt L. , Erb A. , Feilitzsch F. v. , Fichtinger S. , Fuchs D. , Garai A. , Ghete V. M. , Gorla P. , Guillaumon P. V. , Gupta S. , Hauff D. , Ješkovský M. , Jochum J. , Kaznacheeva M. , Kinast A. , Kluck H. , Kraus H. , Kuckuk S. , Langenkämper A. , Mancuso M. , Marini L. , Mauri B. , Meyer L. , Mokina V. , Olmi M. , Ortmann T. , Pagliarone C. , Pattavina L. , Petricca F. , Potzel W. , Povinec P. , Pröbst F. , Pucci F. , Reindl F. , Rothe J. , Schäffner K. , Schieck J. , Schmiedmayer D. , Schönert S. , Schwertner C. , Stahlberg M. , Stodolsky L. , Strandhagen C. , Strauss R. , Usherov I. , Wagner F. , Wagner V. , Zema V. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCryogenic scintillating calorimeters are ultra- sensitive particle detectors for rare event searches, particularly for the search for dark matter and the measurement of neutrino properties. These detectors are made from scintillating target crystals generating two signals for each particle interaction. The phonon (heat) signal precisely measures the deposited energy independent of the type of interacting particle. The scintillation light signal yields particle discrimination on an event-by-event basis. This paper presents a likelihood framework modeling backgrounds and a potential dark matter signal in the two-dimensional plane spanned by phonon and scintillation light energies. We apply the framework to data from CaWO$$_4$$

4

-based detectors operated in the CRESST dark matter search. For the first time, a single likelihood framework is used in CRESST to model the data and extract results on dark matter in one step by using a profile likelihood ratio test. Our framework simultaneously fits (neutron) calibration data and physics (background) data and allows combining data from multiple detectors. Although tailored to CaWO$$_4$$

4

-targets and the CRESST experiment, the framework can easily be expanded to other materials and experiments using scintillating cryogenic calorimeters for dark matter search and neutrino physics.
Deriving the QCD evolution equations under the Abelian decomposition scheme
Authors: Yang Yirui , Kou Wei , Wang Xiaopeng , Cai Yanbing , Chen Xurong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Abelian decomposition of QCD reveals two types of gluons: color-neutral “neurons” and color-carrying “chromons”. This classification does not alter the overall properties of QCD, but the investigation of different types of gluon dynamics is necessary. By employing the Cho–Duan–Ge decomposition theorem, we have derived dynamic evolution equations for two types of gluons by using the time-ordered perturbation theory. We propose that the new equations are compatible with the DGLAP equations, requiring only the separate contributions of neurons and chromons to be summed. Surprisingly, with the evolution to high $$Q^2$$

Q
2

, the ratio of the number of chromons to neurons is approximately 3:1 in small-x region regardless of the inputs at evolution starting point. The new gluon dynamic equations reevaluate the gluon distribution functions and allow for a elaborate investigation of the distinct contributions of gluons in high-energy collisions.
Neutrino trident scattering at the LHC energy regime
Authors: Francener Reinaldo , Gonçalves Victor P. , Gratieri Diego R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe neutrino trident scattering process in neutrino-tungsten interactions at the LHC energy regime is investigated, and the cross-sections for different leptonic final states in coherent and incoherent interactions are estimated. Furthermore, the associated number of events at FASER$$\nu $$
ν
2 detector is estimated considering different predictions for the flux of incident neutrinos on the detector, based on distinct hadronic models for the particle production in pp collisions at ultra-forward rapidities. Our results indicate that the observation of the neutrino trident process is, in principle, feasible at the Forward Physics Facility.
Primary Ductal Her‐2 Positive Adenocarcinoma of Salivary Gland: A Long Follow‐Up Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Deantoni C. L. , Midulla M. , Mirabile A. , Chiara A. , Lucchini R. , Giannini L. , Torrisi M. , Fodor A. , Di Muzio N. G. , Dell’Oca I. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Epithelial tumors of lacrimal glands are rare and primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland accounts for only 2% of all epithelial lacrimal gland tumors. Considering its rarity and lack of uniform diagnostic criteria, treatment protocols are not well defined.In this study, we describe a Her‐2 positive case and review previously reported cases.Methods: In 2012, a 42‐year‐old woman affected by primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland was treated with transpalpebral anterior orbitotomy and adjuvant radiotherapy. In July 2013, she presented local relapse and she underwent orbital exenteration. In November 2013, for neck nodal progression, seven cycles of chemotherapy (cisplatin and epirubicin) associated with a humanized monoclonal antibody–targeting HER 2 therapy (trastuzumab and pertuzumab) were performed, with a marked response rate. Then, she underwent total parotidectomy with right neck lymphadenectomy and adjuvant hadrontherapy.Results: Nine years later (113 months) after treatment completion, the patient was alive without disease and with acceptable toxicity.Conclusions: In primary ductal adenocarcinoma of the lacrimal gland, early diagnosis and multimodal treatments could be crucial, considering its often aggressive tendency. Considering the lack of treatment guidelines, case report recording can be useful in patient management.
Associations Between Flavonoid Intake and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Bondonno Nicola P. , Parmenter Benjamin H. , Murray Kevin , Bondonno Catherine P. , Blekkenhorst Lauren C. , Wood Alexis C. , Post Wendy S. , Allison Matthew A. , Criqui Michael H. , Lewis Joshua R. , Hodgson Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Flavonoids may play a role in mitigating atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, with evidence suggesting effects may differ between vascular beds. Studies examining associations with subclinical markers of atherosclerosis between subpopulations with different underlying risks of atherosclerosis are lacking.

METHODS:
Among 5599 participants from the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis), associations between dietary flavonoid intakes (estimated from a food frequency questionnaire) and subclinical measures of atherosclerosis (ankle-brachial index, carotid plaques and intima-media thickness, and coronary artery calcification) were examined using repeated measures models. Exposures and outcomes were measured at exam 1 (2000–2002) and exam 5 (2010–2011). Stratified analyses and interaction terms were used to explore effect modification by time, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking status.

RESULTS:
In the analytic population, at baseline, ≈46% were men with a median age of 62 (interquartile range, 53–70) years and total flavonoid intakes of 182 (interquartile range, 98–308) mg/d. After multivariable adjustments, participants with the highest (quartile 4) versus lowest (quartile 1) total flavonoid intakes had 26% lower odds of having an ankle-brachial index <1 (odds ratio, 0.74 [95% CI, 0.60–0.92]) and 18% lower odds of having a carotid plaque (odds ratio, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.69–0.99]), averaged over exams 1 and 5. Moderate (quartile 3) to high (quartile 4) intakes of flavonols, flavanol monomers, and anthocyanins were associated with 19% to 34% lower odds of having an ankle-brachial index <1 and 18% to 20% lower odds of having carotid plaque. Participants with the highest intakes of anthocyanins (quartile 4) at baseline had a marginally slower rate of carotid plaque progression than those with moderate intakes (quartiles 2 and 3). There were no significant associations with intima-media thickness or coronary artery calcification. Observed associations did not differ by sex, race/ethnicity, or smoking status.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this multi-ethnic population, higher dietary flavonoid intakes were associated with lower odds of peripheral and carotid artery atherosclerosis. Increasing intakes of healthy, flavonoid-rich foods may protect against atherosclerosis in the peripheral and carotid arteries.