bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hindi translation and evaluation of psychometric properties of Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmenta Factors instrument in spinal cord injury subjects
Authors: Soni Sandeep , Walia Shefali , Noohu Majumi Mohamad 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Introduction: The Craig Hospital Inventory of Environmental Factors instrument (CHIEF) is one of the few tools to assess the environmental barriers. The purpose of this study was to translate long and short CHIEF into Hindi language, and to determine its validity and reliability. Design and Setting: The study design was observational case series with repeated measures. It was carried out at Indian Spinal Injuries Centre New Delhi, a specialized center for rehabilitation for spinal cord injury. Methods: The CHIEF instrument was translated from English to Hindi based on the Beaton guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of health status measures. The Hindi version of the CHIEF instrument was then administered on a convenience sample of 30 spinal cord injured subjects. Its content validity, internal consistency, test-rest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] 2,1), standard error of measurement (SEM), and minimum detectable change (MDC) were determined for both the longer and shorter version. Results: The mean ± SD of total of Hindi-CHIEF instrument, longer version was 1.44 ± 0.82 and total score of the shorter version was 1.07 ± 0.66. The content validity determined by the content validity ratio was found to be 1 for all the items except item number 5, 11, and 12. The content validity index was 0.97 for the longer version and for the shorter version it was 0.98. Internal consistency, Cronbach’s α value was found to be 0.92 and test-retest value (ICC 2,1) was 0.80 (P < 0.001). The MDC was found to be 0.99 and SEM was 0.36 for the longer version. The Cronbach’s α was 0.731, ICC 2,1 was 0.63 (P < 0.001), SEM was 0.24, and MDC was 0.66 for the shorter version. Conclusion: The Hindi translated version of the CHIEF scale has acceptable content validity and reliability. It can be used to assess environmental barriers perceived by spinal cord injury patients.
Imaging in Hirayama disease
Authors: Gupta Keshav , Sood Shashank , Modi Jayesh , Gupta Rajiv 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTHirayama disease, also known as Sobue disease is a rare nonprogressive spinal muscular atrophy. Here, we report a case series of three young males presenting with atrophy of distal upper limb and Hirayama disease as their clinico-radiological diagnosis. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed loss of cervical lordosis with focal areas of lower cervical cord atrophy in a neutral position. MRI in flexion position revealed, anterior displacement of the detached posterior dura from the underlying lamina compressing the thecal sac and widened posterior epidural space with flow voids seen better on 3D-CISS images. All the three patients were managed conservatively.
Bayesian regression of piecewise homogeneous Poisson processes
Authors: Sevilla Diego 
Published: December 2015

In this paper, a Bayesian method for piecewise regression is adapted to handle counting processes data distributed as Poisson. A numerical code in Mathematica is developed and tested analyzing simulated data. The resulting method is valuable for detecting breaking points in the count rate of time series for Poisson processes.Received: 2 November 2015, Accepted: 27 November 2015; Edited by: R. Dickman; Reviewed by: M. Hutter, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.070018Cite as: D J R Sevilla, Papers in Physics 7, 070018 (2015)This paper, by D J R Sevilla, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
Morphological feature of brachial artery and its clinical significance
Authors: Al Talalwah W. , Getachew D. , Soames R. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Introduction: The present study is to provide comprehensive data concerning the morphology of brachial artery which has a clinical significance for clinicians, orthopedics, vascular surgeons and anatomists. Materials and Methods: Routine dissections of the right and left upper limb of 34 adult cadavers (20 male and 14 female: mean age 78.9 year) were undertaken. It investigates the characteristics of the brachial artery such as the internal diameter, external diameter, wall thickness and distance of bifurcation of brachial artery. Results: The mean of the external and internal diameters of the brachial artery from proximal to distal ranged from 6.87-5.35 mm respectively. The bifurcation of the brachial artery from the head of radius into its terminal branch radial and ulnar artery ranged from 13.49-13.79 mm, while the distance of bifurcation of common interosseous from origin of the ulnar artery ranged from 33.11-33.45 mm. The angle of bifurcation ofthe radial and ulnar arteries from the brachial artery ranged from 5.79-7.33° and 18.640-19.36° respectively. Due to variability of the brachial artery in the upper limb, the surgical and invasive procedures are performed in the region such as artiicial arterial-venous fistula become more difficult and may result in iatrogenic injury. Conclusion: Therefore, it is a clinical significant for surgeons to known the variable morphology and course of brachial artery to minimize surgical complication prior to operation.
Understanding Virtual Objects through Reverse Engineering
Authors: Moitinho Vera , Barceló Juan Anton 
Published: December 2015

<p>The main objective of our research is to develop a new methodology, based on Reverse Engineering processes – 3D scan, quantitative data analysis and Artificial Intelligence techniques, in particular simulation – to study the relationship between form and function of artefacts. Furthermore, we aim to provide new data, as well as possible explanations of the archaeological record according to what it expects about social activity, including working processes, by simulating the potentialities of such actions in terms of input-output relationships.</p>
Museo Virtual Hiperrealista
Authors: Ortiz Coder Pedro 
Published: December 2015

<p>Hiperrealistic Virtual Museum is a proposal of GAVLE; Cultural Heritage Documentation Company. This project try to create a new method for<br />documentation, catalogation, analysis, restoration and diffusion purposes applied for museums, archaeological sites or research centers using the most modern technologies. The first step is create a high resolution digitalization of the objects; thus, the possibilities growing up like the quality of the products. This project plan the regeneration of some departments of the museums, decreasing costs and increasing the quality of the products and creating news ways for 3D diffusion purposes.</p>
Integración de contenidos 3D de la cultura ibérica en Europeana
Authors: Martínez Carrillo A. L. , Gómez Francisco , Sánchez Vizcaíno Alberto 
Published: December 2015

<p>Over the last few years, Internet has become the main information provider in every field. The initiative for the digital library of European culture, Europeana, sets in this framework of such information technologies. This paper reports on the method used to integrate 3D archeological data in a website currently under construction at the Andalusian Centre for Iberian Archaeology of the University of Jaén. The initiative is funded by project CARARE (Connecting ARchaeology and ARchitecture in Europeana) aiming at increasing the quantity and quality of 2D and 3D digital contents of European archaeology and architecture.</p>
A fast method to estimate body capacitance to ground at mid frequencies
Authors: Aliau-Bonet Carles , Pallas-Areny Ramon 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Impedance measurements that involve the human body are affected by the capacitance between the body and earth ground. This paper describes a fast method to estimate that capacitance at 10 kHz, which is valid for impedance analyzers intended to measure ungrounded impedances. The method does not require any external component other than two common capacitors and two conductive electrodes in contact with the body.
Ruin Probabilities of a Discrete-time Multi-risk Model
Authors: Grigutis Andrius , Korvel Agneška , Šiaulys Jonas 
Published: December 2015

In this work, we investigate a multi-risk model describing insurance business with two or more independent series of claim amounts. Each series of claim amounts consists of independent nonnegative random variables. Claims of each series occur periodically with some fixed inter-arrival time. Claim amounts occur until they can be compensated by a common premium rate and the initial insurer's surplus. In this article, wederive a recursive formula for calculation of finite-time ruin probabilities. In the case of bi-risk model, we present a procedure to calculate the ultimate ruin probability. We add several numerical examples illustrating application of the derived formulas.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.itc.44.4.8635
‘In New Zealand I feel more confidence’: The role of context in the willingness to communicate (WTC) of migrant Iranian English language learners
Authors: Cameron Denise 
Published: December 2015

<p>This article will discuss recent theories of Willingness to Communicate (WTC) and provide an overview of studies into this individual difference which have been conducted in both Iran and New Zealand (NZ). So far few qualitative studies have been carried out into WTC or have used permanent migrants as participants. The article reports on a longitudinal study of the WTC of a group of Iranian migrants to NZ. By means of questionnaires, observations, and individual semi-structured interviews conducted at six-month intervals, case studies of these learners in a NZ university English class were compiled. Their WTC was found to encompass such learner characteristics as confidence, motivation, and personality, and varied from country to country and semester to semester. Finally, this article discusses the contribution of this study to the WTC field of research, identifying the implications of these results for teachers of English in the ESL (English as a Second language/migrant) context and possible avenues for future research.</p>
The nature of language learners’ beliefs: A half-told story
Authors: Zhong Qunyan (Maggie) 
Published: December 2015

<p>Substantial amount of research regarding L2 learners’ beliefs has been conducted in recent years. However, not enough attention has been paid to investigating the nature of learners’ beliefs; hence our understanding of the construct is contradictory in the sense that early research studies report stability in beliefs, while more recent studies provide evidence of change in learners’ beliefs. This paper reports on a case study aiming at contributing to a deeper understanding of the nature of language learners’ beliefs. Data were gathered longitudinally over an 18-week period using a number of tools. The findings reveal the complexity of learners’ beliefs. The beliefs that the learners held were not always in harmony and some of them can be self contradictory. Furthermore, while some beliefs may evolve and change over time and across situation, others may remain relatively stable, suggesting the complex and dual nature of learners’ beliefs. Drawing on these findings, the paper concludes that learner beliefs can best be perceived as an inter-related construct that has dual features and sometimes can be paradoxical.</p>
Time-resolved curling-probe measurements of electron density in high frequency pulsed DC discharges
Authors: Pandey Anil , Sakakibara Wataru , Matsuoka Hiroyuki , Nakamura Keiji , Sugai Hideo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A plasma-induced shift in the resonance frequency of a curling probe measured by using a network analyzer (NWA) yields the electron density. This technique was applied here for measuring time-varying electron density in pulsed DC glow discharges. Using the NWA in an on-sweep synchronization mode with the discharge pulse allows measuring at pulse frequencies below 0.5 kHz. For higher pulse frequencies, an on-point mode was introduced which enabled time-resolved measurements of electron density at pulse frequencies reaching 25 kHz, with the minimal time interval of 2 µs, typically for nitrogen discharge at 10 Pa. In the afterglow regime, the decay time constant of electron density was measured for nitrogen and argon discharges at 40 Pa. In the case of argon, the electron density was observed to decrease in three steps. This characteristic behavior was tentatively attributed to a bi-Maxwellian electron energy distribution and Ramsauer effect, supported by Langmuir probe measurements.
Optical properties and durability performance of substance SiO2/Nb2O5 for multilayer thin films prepared by high-density plasma-assisted vapor deposition
Authors: Moriizumi Yasushi , Honma Hideo , Takai Osamu 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Optical lenses normally require an antireflection (AR) film to improve their characteristics of visibility and transmittance. The AR film is constructed with materials of various refractive indices and designed to obtain good optical properties by combining various materials to utilize light interference with controlled film thickness and number of layers. Therefore, in this study, we have fabricated an AR film consisting of multilayer thin films of SiO2 and Nb2O5 by high-density plasma-assisted vapor deposition to improve its environmental resistance, especially its mechanical properties, while maintaining its optical properties. We conducted the sand falling test to evaluate the damage to the multilayer we fabricated and found that the Nb2O5 layer located at a depth of about 200 nm from the outermost layer was plastically deformed and the layer absorbed the shock from the sand to reduce damage.
Bending and turbulent enhancement phenomena of neutral gas flow containing an atmospheric pressure plasma by applying external electric fields measured by schlieren optical method
Authors: Yamada Hiromasa , Yamagishi Yusuke , Sakakita Hajime , Tsunoda Syuichiro , Kasahara Jiro , Fujiwara Masanori , Kato Susumu , Itagaki Hirotomo , Kim Jaeho , Kiyama Satoru , Fujiwara Yutaka , Ikehara Yuzuru , Ikehara Sanae , Nakanishi Hayao , Shimizu Nobuyuki 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
To understand the mechanism of turbulent enhancement phenomena of a neutral gas flow containing plasma ejected from the nozzle of plasma equipment, the schlieren optical method was performed to visualize the neutral gas behavior. It was confirmed that the turbulent starting point became closer to the nozzle exit, as the amplitude of discharge voltage (electric field) increased. To study the effect of electric field on turbulent enhancement, two sets of external electrodes were arranged in parallel, and the gas from the nozzle was allowed to flow between the upper and lower electrodes. It was found that the neutral gas flow was bent, and the bending angle increased as the amplitude of the external electric field increased. The results obtained using a simple model analysis roughly coincide with experimental data. These results indicate that momentum transport from drifted ions induced by the electric field to neutral particles is an important factor that enhances turbulence.
Correlates of unprotected sex by client type among female sex workers that inject drugs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico
Authors: Lindsay Ryan P. , Roesch Scott C. , Strathdee Steffanie A. , Rangel M. Gudelia , Staines-Orozco Hugo S. , Abramovitz Daniela , Ulibarri Monica D. , Rusch Melanie L.A. 
Published: December 2015

Lindsay, R., Roesch, S., Strathdee, S., Rangel, M., Staines-Orozco, H., Abramovitz, D., Ulibarri, M., & Rusch, M. (2015). Correlates of unprotected sex by client type among female sex workers that inject drugs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 159-169. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.208Aims: Risk environment factors may influence unprotected sex between female sex workers who are also injection drug users(FSW-IDUs) and their regular and non-regular clients differently. Our objective is to identify correlates of unprotected vaginalsex in the context of client type.Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 583 FSW-IDUs in Tijuana and Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, was analyzed using negativebinomial regression to determine physical, social, economic, and policy risk-environment factors that affect the frequency ofunprotected sex with regular and non-regular clients.Results: Median number of unprotected vaginal sex acts in the past month among FSW-IDUs and their regular and non-regularclients was 11 (IQR 3–30) and 13 (IQR 5–30), respectively. Correlates differed by site and client type and were most closelyassociated with the risk environment. In Tijuana, social factors (e.g., injecting drugs with clients) were independently associatedwith more unprotected sex. Factors independently associated with less unprotected sex across client type and site included socialand economic risk environment factors (e.g., receiving more money for unprotected sex). In the policy risk environment, alwayshaving free access to condoms was independently associated with less unprotected sex among non-regular clients in Tijuana(Risk rate ratio = 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.43–0.97).Conclusions: Primarily physical, social, and economic risk-environment factors were associated with unprotected vaginal sexbetween FSW-IDUs and both client types, suggesting potential avenues for intervention.
Commentary: Girls, women, and alcohol: Implications for alcohol policy
Authors: Johnston Ann Dowsett 
Published: December 2015

Johnston, A. (2015). Commentary: Girls, women, and alcohol: Implications for alcohol policy. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 101-102. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.212Alcohol abuse is rising in much of the developed world, and in many countries, female drinkers are responsible for this growth. This is a global issue: the richer the country, the fewer abstainers and the smaller the gap between male and female behaviour. The new reality: while male consumption is constant or declining, female consumption is on the upswing.
Letter to the Editor: Why do pregnant South African women drink alcohol? A call to action for more qualitative investigations
Authors: Olusanya Olufunto A. , Barry Adam E. 
Published: December 2015

Olusanya, O., & Barry, A. (2015). Letter to the Editor: Why do pregnant South African women drink alcohol? A call to action for more qualitative investigations. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 4(2), 171-174. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v4i2.213Even though the adverse effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy have been well documented, millions of babies each year continue to be affected by fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). This is concerning given that FASD is completely preventable. FASDs have been documented across a variety of races and geographical regions worldwide, yet the highest known prevalence rates are recorded in Africa. Specifically, for every 1000 children born in the Western Cape Province of South Africa, approximately 59.3 to 91.0 are determined to have fetal alcohol syndrome, the most severe form of FASD. While the risk factors contributing to FASDs have been examined quantitatively among South African women, there is a dearth of qualitative investigations that articulate and contextualize the underling motivations, beliefs, and attitudes that influence these risk factors. Qualitative investigations have been conducted in other geographic regions (e.g., Australia), but are not generalizable to South Africa. Qualitative investigations, which explore the familial, social, cultural, and economic factors that influence maternal drinking, are needed to inform future health promotion programs and interventions aimed at decreasing and ultimately eliminating maternal alcohol consumption among South African women.
Effects of electron density force to 1.0 and fill to 1.0 on VMAT treatment plans for lung SBRT
Authors: Elcim Yelda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to determine the effect of forcing and filling the electron density (ED) to 1.0 of the planning target volume (PTV) overdose distribution in lung SBRT treatment leading to shortening patient treatment time and increasing patient comfort by reducing MU/fraction due to ED manipulation effect.MethodsIn this study, 36 lung SBRT plans of 12 suitable patients who prescribed a total dose of 50 Gy in five fractions were generated with Monaco v.5.10 TPS using the Monte Carlo (MC) algorithm and volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique by PTV ED values forcing as well as filling to 1.0 and comparatively assessed. The first group of plans was created by using the patient's original ED, second and third groups of plans were reoptimized by forcing and filling the ED of PTV to 1.0, respectively, therefore acquiring a new dose distribution which lead to comparatively assessment the effects of changes in ED on PTV and OAR doses.ResultsAssessment of treatment plans revealed that mean MU/fx numbers were decreased by 76% and 75.25% between Groups 1 and 2, Groups 1 and 3, respectively. The number of segments was also reduced in Group 1 by up to 15% compared with Groups 2 and 3. Maximum HI and CI differences for PTV between Groups 1 and 2 were less than 1% and Groups 1 and 3 were 1.5% which indicates all 3 group plans were comparable in terms of dose distribution within PTV.ConclusionsForcing and filling the ED of PTV to 1.0 strategy has provided reduced a number of segments and MU/fx without a significant change in PTV mean and maximum doses, thereby decreasing treatment time and patient discomfort during treatment. This process should be considered in line of a potential number of patients as well as prescribed dose and MU/fx numbers.
A General Strategy toward Enhanced Electrochemical and Mechanical Performance of Solid‐State Lithium Batteries through Constructing Covalently Bonded Electrode Materials/Electrolyte Interfaces
Authors: Zhang Weicai , Wu Tianlai , Zheng Yansen , Wang Yongyin , Xie Zhuohao , Zheng Mingtao , Liu Yingliang , Liang Yeru , Liu Lifeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSolid‐state lithium batteries (SSLBs) offer inherent safety and high energy density for next‐generation energy storage, but the large interfacial resistance and poor physical connection between electrode materials and the solid electrolyte (SE) severely impede their practical applications. This work reports a general strategy to introduce covalent bonds between electrode materials and SE, not only reducing interfacial resistance but also enhancing electrochemical stability and mechanical robustness of SSLBs. The covalent bonding is accomplished by functionalizing electrode surfaces with C═C groups, enabling in situ copolymerization with telechelic polymers in the SE. This approach is applicable to various cathode/anode materials and SEs. Particularly, the SSLBs comprising LiFePO4 cathode, Li6.75La3Zr1.75Ta0.25O12/(polyethylene oxide (PEO)/lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)/silk composite SE and metallic lithium anode exhibit a specific capacity of 158.4 mAh g−1 and can be cycled at 2 C for 2200 times with >80% retention. Additionally, the SSLBs containing the high nickel‐content LiNi0.96Co0.03Mn0.01O2 cathode can afford a high specific capacity of 201.8 mAh g−1. Comprehensive experimental examination and theoretical simulations confirm that the lowered interfacial resistance and intimately contacted electrode materials/electrolyte interfaces facilitate Li+ transport at different stages of charge. Furthermore, the covalently bonded electrode/electrolyte interfaces also endow SSLBs with outstanding mechanical stability, enabling flexible SSLB pouch cells to operate under various bending states without performance decay.