bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multisite Electrophysiology Recordings in Mice to Study Cross‐Regional Communication During Anxiety
Authors: Harris Alexander Z. , Golder Danielle , Likhtik Ekaterina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecording neural activity in awake, freely moving mice is a powerful and flexible technique for dissecting the neural circuit mechanisms underlying pathological behavior. This unit describes protocols for designing a drive and recording single neurons and local field potentials during anxiety‐related paradigms. We also include protocols for integrating pharmacologic and optogenetic means for circuit manipulations, which, when combined with electrophysiological recordings, demonstrate input‐specific and cell‐specific contributions to circuit‐wide activity. We discuss the planning, execution, and troubleshooting of physiology experiments during anxiety‐like behavior. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High‐throughput analysis of TUNEL‐stained sperm using image cytometry
Authors: Arifulin E. A. , Bragina E. E. , Kurilo L. F. , Sheval E. V. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSperm DNA integrity is an essential factor for successful fertilization and proper pregnancy progression. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) assay is commonly used for the estimation of the DNA fragmentation index. Analysis of TUNEL‐stained sperm is often performed by flow cytometry, an approach that allows high‐throughput analysis but in which any morphological information is lost. In this study, results of an automated image cytometry estimation of TUNEL‐stained sperms were presented. The results of visual counting and automatic analysis were closely correlated, indicating that image cytometry is suitable for such analysis and may be applied in a clinical setting. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Human urinary metabolic patterns of the designer benzodiazepines flubromazolam and pyrazolam studied by liquid chromatography–high resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Pettersson Bergstrand Madeleine , Meyer Markus R. , Beck Olof , Helander Anders 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOver the past ~8 years, hundreds of unregulated new psychoactive substances (NPS) of various chemical categories have been introduced as recreational drugs through mainly open online trade. This study was performed to further investigate the human metabolic pattern of the NPS, or designer benzodiazepines flubromazolam and pyrazolam, and to propose analytical targets for urine drug testing of these substances. The urine samples originated from patient samples confirmed by liquid chromatography–high‐resolution tandem mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS/MS) analysis to contain flubromazolam or pyrazolam. The LC–HRMS/MS system consisted of a YMC‐UltraHT Hydrosphere C18 column (YMC, Dinslaken, Germany) coupled to a Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) Q Exactive Orbitrap MS operating in positive electrospray mode. The samples were analyzed both with and without enzymatic hydrolysis using β‐glucuronidase. Besides the parent compounds, the main urinary excretion products were parent glucuronides, mono‐hydroxy metabolites, and mono‐hydroxy glucuronides. In samples prepared without hydrolysis, the most common flubromazolam metabolites were 1 of the mono‐hydroxy glucuronides and 1 of the parent glucuronides. For pyrazolam, a parent glucuronide was the most common metabolite. These 3 metabolites were detected in all samples and were considered the primary targets for urine drug testing and confirmation of intake. After enzymatic hydrolysis of the urine samples, a 2–19‐fold increase in the concentration of flubromazolam was found, highlighting the value of hydrolysis for this analyte. With hydrolysis, the flubromazolam hydroxy metabolites should be used as target metabolites.
Assessing the relationships between phylogenetic and functional singularities in sharks (Chondrichthyes)
Authors: Cachera Marie , Le Loc'h François 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe relationships between diversity and ecosystem functioning have become a major focus of science. A crucial issue is to estimate functional diversity, as it is intended to impact ecosystem dynamics and stability. However, depending on the ecosystem, it may be challenging or even impossible to directly measure ecological functions and thus functional diversity. Phylogenetic diversity was recently under consideration as a proxy for functional diversity. Phylogenetic diversity is indeed supposed to match functional diversity if functions are conservative traits along evolution. However, in case of adaptive radiation and/or evolutive convergence, a mismatch may appear between species phylogenetic and functional singularities. Using highly threatened taxa, sharks, this study aimed to explore the relationships between phylogenetic and functional diversities and singularities. Different statistical computations were used in order to test both methodological issue (phylogenetic reconstruction) and overall a theoretical questioning: the predictive power of phylogeny for function diversity. Despite these several methodological approaches, a mismatch between phylogeny and function was highlighted. This mismatch revealed that (i) functions are apparently nonconservative in shark species, and (ii) phylogenetic singularity is not a proxy for functional singularity. Functions appeared to be not conservative along the evolution of sharks, raising the conservational challenge to identify and protect both phylogenetic and functional singular species. Facing the current rate of species loss, it is indeed of major importance to target phylogenetically singular species to protect genetic diversity and also functionally singular species in order to maintain particular functions within ecosystem.
High‐Temperature Latent‐Heat Energy Storage Concept Based on Thermoelectronic Energy Conversion
Authors: Voesch Wolfgang , Wanke Robin , Rastegar Iman , Braun Wolfgang , Kribus Abraham , Mannhart Jochen 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEnergy storage is particularly essential for renewable energy sources. Here we present the concept of high‐temperature latent‐heat storage coupled with thermoelectronic energy conversion. We analyze this concept and its potential for storing large quantities of energy for several days. We investigate the efficiency of electricity generation and storage by using a single thermoelectronic energy converter and a bottoming cycle with a steam turbine. For storage temperatures above 1400 °C and large amounts of stored energy (>100 MWh), the maximum energy conversion efficiencies of such systems are high. Thus the proposed systems are attractive storage solutions for excessive heat storage and heat‐on‐demand delivery of large‐scale thermal solar power plants.
Leader‐Member Exchange Relationships and Follower Outcomes: The Mediating Role of Perceiving Goals as Invariable
Authors: Kuvaas Bård , Buch Robert 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated whether perceiving goals as invariable mediated the link between leader‐member exchange (LMX) relationships and role overload, turnover intention, and work performance. Perceiving goals as invariable refers to the extent to which followers believe that the goals in a performance management system represent the absolute standards that they must meet without exception, even if they think other factors are more important (e.g., situational factors or factors that are not associated with goals). In Study 1, perceiving goals as invariable mediated the relationships between LMX and role overload and turnover intention, such that a high‐quality LMX relationship was negatively associated with perceiving goals as invariable, which in turn was positively related to both role overload and turnover intention. In Study 2, social LMX was negatively associated and economic LMX was positively associated with perceiving goals as invariable, which in turn was negatively related to work performance. Furthermore, perceiving goals as invariable mediated the relationship between social LMX relationships and work performance. Theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research are discussed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Groundwater recharge estimation in arid hardrock‐alluvium aquifers using combined water‐table fluctuation and groundwater balance approaches
Authors: Izady Azizallah , Abdalla Osman A.E. , Joodavi Ata , Karimi Akbar , Chen Mingjie , Tompson Andrew 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes an approach to estimate groundwater recharge using an optimization‐based water‐table fluctuation method combined with a groundwater balance model in an arid hardrock‐alluvium region, located at the Oman–United Arab Emirates border. We introduce an “effective hardrock thickness” term to identify the percentage of the considered hardrock thickness in which effective groundwater flow takes place. The proposed method is based upon a Thiessen polygon zoning approach. The method includes subpolygons to represent specific geologic units and to enhance the confidence of the estimated groundwater recharge. Two linear and 1 nonlinear submodels were developed to evaluate the model components for the calibration (October 1996 to September 2008) and validation (October 2008 to September 2013) periods. Long‐term annual groundwater recharge from rainfall and return flow over the model domain are estimated as 24.62 and 5.71 Mm3, respectively, while the effective groundwater flow circulation is found to occur in the upper 7% of the known hardrock thickness (42 m), confirming conclusions of previous field studies. Considering a total difference in groundwater levels between eastern and western points of the study area of the order of 220 m and a 12‐year monthly calibration period, a weighted root mean squared error in predicted groundwater elevation of 2.75 m is considered quite reasonable for the study area characterized by remarkable geological and hydrogeological diversity. The proposed approach provides an efficient and robust method to estimate groundwater recharge in regions with a complex geological setting in which interaction between fractured and porous media cannot be easily assessed.
The effect of prophylactic antibiotic treatment for manual removal of the placenta on frequency of postpartum endometritis
Authors: Safrai Myriam , Kabiri Doron , Haj‐Yahya Rani , Reuveni‐Salzman Adi , Lipschuetz Michal , Ezra Yossef 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether prophylactic antibiotics reduce the frequency of postpartum endometritis after manual removal of the placenta.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted using data for all women who underwent manual removal of the placenta after vaginal delivery at a tertiary medical center in Jerusalem, Israel, between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2015. The study group comprised women who had not received prophylactic antibiotic treatment, whereas the control group comprised women who had received prophylactic antibiotic treatment. The primary outcome measure was the frequency of postpartum endometritis.ResultsOf the 407 women included in the analysis, 7 (1.7%) developed postpartum endometritis. Six of the women with postpartum endometritis had received prophylactic treatment with antibiotics, whereas one woman had not (odds ratio 0.555, 95% confidence interval 0.065–4.630).ConclusionProphylactic antibiotics before manual removal of the placenta did not decrease the odds of postpartum endometritis.
Reach‐scale river metabolism across contrasting sub‐catchment geologies: Effect of light and hydrology
Authors: Rovelli Lorenzo , Attard Karl M. , Binley Andrew , Heppell Catherine M. , Stahl Henrik , Trimmer Mark , Glud Ronnie N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe investigated the seasonal dynamics of in‐stream metabolism at the reach scale (∼ 150 m) of headwaters across contrasting geological sub‐catchments: clay, Greensand, and Chalk of the upper River Avon (UK). Benthic metabolic activity was quantified by aquatic eddy co‐variance while water column activity was assessed by bottle incubations. Seasonal dynamics across reaches were specific for the three types of geologies. During the spring, all reaches were net autotrophic, with rates of up to 290 mmol C m−2 d−1 in the clay reach. During the remaining seasons, the clay and Greensand reaches were net heterotrophic, with peak oxygen consumption of 206 mmol m−2 d−1 during the autumn, while the Chalk reach was net heterotrophic only in winter. Overall, the water column alone still contributed to ∼ 25% of the annual respiration and primary production in all reaches. Net ecosystem metabolism (NEM) across seasons and reaches followed a general linear relationship with increasing stream light availability. Sub‐catchment specific NEM proved to be linearly related to the local hydrological connectivity, quantified as the ratio between base flow and stream discharge, and expressed on a timescale of 9 d on average. This timescale apparently represents the average period of hydrological imprint for carbon turnover within the reaches. Combining a general light response and sub‐catchment specific base flow ratio provided a robust functional relationship for predicting NEM at the reach scale. The novel approach proposed in this study can help facilitate spatial and temporal upscaling of riverine metabolism that may be applicable to a broader spectrum of catchments.
Spectroscopic characterization of oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma using multiphoton autofluorescence micro‐spectroscopy
Authors: Pal Rahul , Edward Kert , Ma Liang , Qiu Suimin , Vargas Gracie 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveMultiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) has shown potential in identifying features that are directly related to tissue microstructural and biochemical changes throughout epithelial neoplasia. In this study, we evaluate the autofluorescence spectral characteristics of neoplastic epithelium in dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using multiphoton autofluorescence spectroscopy (MPAS) in an in vivo hamster model of oral neoplasia in order to identify unique signatures that could be used to delineate normal oral mucosa from neoplasia.Materials/MethodsA 9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthracene (DMBA) hamster model of oral precancer and OSCC was used for in vivo MPAM and MPAS. Multiphoton Imaging and spectroscopy were performed with 780 nm excitation while a bandpass emission 450–650 nm was used for MPAM. Autofluorescence spectra was collected in the spectral window of 400–650 nm.ResultsMPAS with fluorescence excitation at 780 nm revealed an overall red shift of a primary blue‐green peak (480–520 nm) that is attributed to NADH and FAD. In the case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and some high‐grade dysplasia an additional prominent peak at 635 nm, attributed to PpIX was observed. The fluorescence intensity at 635 nm and an intensity ratio of the primary blue‐green peak versus 635 nm peak, showed statistically significant difference between control and neoplastic tissue.DiscussionNeoplastic transformation in the epithelium is known to alter the intracellular homeostasis of important tissue metabolites such as NADH, FAD, and PpIX, which was observed by MPAS in their native environment. A combination of deep tissue microscopy owing to higher penetration depth of multiphoton excitation and depth resolved spectroscopy could prove to be invaluable in identification of cytologic as well as biomolecular spectral characteristic of oral epithelial neoplasia. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:866–873, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gut microbiome diversity influenced more by the Westernized dietary regime than the body mass index as assessed using effect size statistic
Authors: Davis Shannon C. , Yadav Jagjit S. , Barrow Stephanie D. , Robertson Boakai K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHuman gut microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with the onset of metabolic diseases and disorders. However, the critical factors leading to dysbiosis are poorly understood. In this study, we provide increasing evidence of the association of diet type and body mass index (BMI) and how they relatively influence the taxonomic structure of the gut microbiota with respect to the causation of gut microbiome dysbiosis. The study included randomly selected Alabama residents (n = 81), including females (n = 45) and males (n = 36). The demographics data included age (33 ± 13.3 years), height (1.7 ± 0.11 meters), and weight (82.3 ± 20.6 kg). The mean BMI was 28.3 ± 7.01, equating to an overweight BMI category. A cross‐sectional case–control design encompassing the newly recognized effect size approach to bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze data from donated stool samples and accompanying nutrition surveys. We investigated the microbiome variations in the Bacteroidetes‐Firmicutes ratio relative to BMI, food categories, and dietary groups at stratified abundance percentages of <20%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, and ≥70%. We further investigated variation in the Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes phyla composition (at the genus and species level) in relation to BMI, food categories, and dietary groups (Westernized or healthy). The Pearson Correlation coefficient as an indication of effect size across Alpha diversity indices was used to test the hypothesis (H0): increased BMI has greater effect on taxonomic diversity than Westernized diet type, (Ha): increased BMI does not have a greater effect on taxonomic diversity than Westernized diet type. In conclusion, we rejected the (H0) as our results demonstrated that Westernized diet type had an effect size of 0.22 posing a greater impact upon the gut microbiota diversity than an increased BMI with an effect size of 0.16. This implied Westernized diet as a critical factor in causing dysbiosis as compared to an overweight or obese body mass index.
Microbial community analysis of the hypersaline water of the Dead Sea using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing
Authors: Jacob Jacob H. , Hussein Emad I. , Shakhatreh Muhamad Ali K. , Cornelison Christopher T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAmplicon sequencing using next‐generation technology (bTEFAP®) has been utilized in describing the diversity of Dead Sea microbiota. The investigated area is a well‐known salt lake in the western part of Jordan found in the lowest geographical location in the world (more than 420 m below sea level) and characterized by extreme salinity (approximately, 34%) in addition to other extreme conditions (low pH, unique ionic composition different from sea water). DNA was extracted from Dead Sea water. A total of 314,310 small subunit RNA (SSU rRNA) sequences were parsed, and 288,452 sequences were then clustered. For alpha diversity analysis, sample was rarefied to 3,000 sequences. The Shannon–Wiener index curve plot reached a plateau at approximately 3,000 sequences indicating that sequencing depth was sufficient to capture the full scope of microbial diversity. Archaea was found to be dominating the sequences (52%), whereas Bacteria constitute 45% of the sequences. Altogether, prokaryotic sequences (which constitute 97% of all sequences) were found to predominate. The findings expand on previous studies by using high‐throughput amplicon sequencing to describe the microbial community in an environment which in recent years has been shown to hide some interesting diversity.
Partially hydrolyzed whey proteins prevent clinical symptoms in a cow's milk allergy mouse model and enhance regulatory T and B cell frequencies
Authors: Kiewiet Mensiena B. Gea , van Esch Betty C. A. M. , Garssen Johan , Faas Marijke M. , de Vos Paul 
Published: July 2017

ScopePartially hydrolyzed cow's milk proteins are used to prevent cow's milk allergy in children. Here we studied the immunomodulatory mechanisms of partial cow's milk hydrolysates in vivo.Methods and resultsMice were sensitized with whey or partially hydrolyzed whey using cholera toxin. Whey‐specific IgE levels were measured to determine sensitization and immune cell populations from spleen, mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches after oral whey administration were measured by flowcytometry. Whey‐specific IgE and IgG1 levels in partial whey hydrolysate sensitized animals were enhanced, but challenge did not induce clinical symptoms. This immunomodulatory effect of partial whey hydrolysate was associated with increased regulatory B and T cells in the spleen, together with a prevention of IgM‐IgA class switching in the mesenteric lymph nodes and an increased Th1 and activated Th17 in the Peyer's patches.ConclusionPartial hydrolysate sensitization did not induce whey‐induced clinical symptoms, even though sensitization was established. Increased regulatory cell populations in the systemic immune system and a prevention of increased total Th1 and activated Th17 in the intestinal immune organs could contribute to the suppression of allergic symptoms. This knowledge is important for a better understanding of the beneficial effects of hydrolysates.
The antecedents and consequences of charitable donation heterogeneity on social media
Authors: Zhong Zhi‐Jin , Lin Shujin 
Published: July 2017

This study claims that donating is a rational behavior that balances altruism and self‐interest; therefore, the frequency and magnitude of donating are picked as crucial criteria to classify different crowdfunders because both of them reflect the rationality of donating. This study identifies 6 clusters of crowdfunders and explores the antecedent variables of the typology based on self‐system theory, as well as reveals the social influence of different types of crowdfunders. Data of the crowdfunders (n = 13,868) were collected from “Micro Philanthropy,” a popular SNS crowdfunding platform for charity in China. Social Network Service (SNS) profile information such as network features, social interaction features, and the identity of users was found to be significantly related to the typology. Active donors and bounteous donors are more influential than other donors in absorbing the attention of SNS users and attracting new donors.
Cleaning graphene: Comparing heat treatments in air and in vacuum
Authors: Tripathi Mukesh , Mittelberger Andreas , Mustonen Kimmo , Mangler Clemens , Kotakoski Jani , Meyer Jannik C. , Susi Toma 
Published: July 2017

Surface impurities and contamination often seriously degrade the properties of two‐dimensional materials such as graphene. To remove contamination, thermal annealing is commonly used. We present a comparative analysis of annealing treatments in air and in vacuum, both ex situ and “pre situ,” where an ultra‐high vacuum treatment chamber is directly connected to an aberration‐corrected scanning transmission electron microscope. While ex situ treatments do remove contamination, it is challenging to obtain atomically clean surfaces after ambient transfer. However, pre situ cleaning with radiative or laser heating appears reliable and well suited to clean graphene without damage to most suspended areas.Pre situ annealing of typical dirty graphene samples yields atomically clean areas several hundred nm2 in size.