bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The end of the ‘living fossil’ tale? A new look at Triassic specimens assigned to the tadpole shrimp Triops cancriformis (Notostraca) and associated phyllopods from the Vosges region (eastern France)
Authors: Geyer Gerd , Hegna Thomas A. , Kelber Klaus‐Peter 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNotostracan branchiopods reported from the Lower Triassic Voltzia Sandstone Lagerstätte in northeastern France have previously been assigned to Triops cancriformis, making this species the longest persisting animal in earth history. Careful restudy of the splendidly preserved material indicates that the species can be well characterized but represents a notostracan genus and species that cannot be assigned to the Triopsidae. This undermines the concept of its being a ‘living fossil’. The name Apudites antiquus, under which the first known specimens were described, is available and appropriate for the species. Some of the specimens of Apudites antiquus offer morphological details of a quality that ranks them among the best‐preserved fossil non‐marine arthropods. The Voltzia Sandstone specimens previously assigned to the extant species T. cancriformis include two additional, peculiar diplostracan branchiopods, Olesenocaris galli gen. et sp. nov. and Grauvogelocaris alsatica gen. et sp. nov., both with unique morphological features that characterize them as representatives of as yet unknown families.
Development of Coconut Shell Charcoal‐Reinforced Starch Superabsorbent Composites, with the Comparative Study of Epichlorohydrin and Citric Acid as the Crosslinking Agents
Authors: Maske Varad A. , Jangale Shruti , Vyavahare Siddhant , More Aarti P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCoconut shell charcoal is explored as filler for the synthesis of starch‐based superabsorbent composites, and the effect of two crosslinking agents, namely epichlorohydrin (EPI) and citric acid (CA), is evaluated. The study investigates how varying filler concentrations influence water absorption, retention, and swelling. The highest water absorption (1462% swelling) is observed with EPI‐crosslinked starch and 0.75 g of filler. The charcoal increases the porosity and free volume of the composites, enhancing water retention. However, excessive filler reduces absorption by increasing rigidity. Compared to epichlorohydrin, CA‐crosslinked composites show lower absorption, with an optimal CA concentration at a 1:1 starch‐to‐CA ratio, resulting in a swelling of 234%. The composites are analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and X‐ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. Their application as water retention agents in plant growth demonstrates a positive impact on shoot height, supporting seed growth. Biodegradability tests reveal excellent performance in CA‐crosslinked samples.
Assessment of Neurotoxic Mechanisms of Individual and Binary Mixtures of Cobalt, Nickel and Lead in Hippocampal Neuronal Cells
Authors: Olasehinde Tosin A. , Olaniran Ademola O. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMany studies have focused on the neurotoxic effects of single metals, while investigation on the exposure to metal mixtures, which mainly occur in real‐life situations, is scarce. This study sought to assess the neurotoxic effect of Ni, Co, and Pb binary mixtures and their individual effects in hippocampal neuronal cells (HT‐22). Cells were exposed to Ni, Co, and Pb separately for 48 h at 37°C and 5% CO2, and cell viability was assessed. Morphological assessment of the cells exposed to binary mixtures of Co, Ni, and Pb and single metals was assessed using a microscope. Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, oxidative stress biomarkers (glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] levels, catalase [CAT], and glutathione‐S transferase [GST] activities) and nitric oxide [NO] levels were evaluated after treatment with the binary mixtures and single metals. Binary mixtures of the metals reduced cell viability, exerting an additivity action. The combinations also exerted synergistic action, as revealed by the combination index. Furthermore, a significant reduction in AChE activity, GSH levels, CAT and GST activities, and high MDA and NO levels were observed in neuronal cells. The additive interactions and synergistic actions of the binary mixtures might contribute to the significant reduction of AChE activity, GSH levels, GST, and CAT activities, and an increase in MDA and NO levels. The findings from this study revealed significant evidence that binary mixtures of Co, Pb, and Ni may induce impaired neuronal function and, ultimately, neurodegeneration.
Linking cognitive and behavioral reserve: Evidence from the CAN‐PROTECT study
Authors: Guan Dylan X. , Mortby Moyra E. , Pike G Bruce , Ballard Clive , Creese Byron , Corbett Anne , Pickering Ellie , Hampshire Adam , Roach Pamela , Smith Eric E. , Ismail Zahinoor 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONChanges to the brain due to Alzheimer's disease and other age‐related neuropathologies may present with cognitive and behavioral symptoms, even during preclinical and prodromal stages. While cognitive reserve is known to mitigate cognitive decline in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease, links between cognitive reserve and behavioral symptoms remain unclear. This study investigates the relationship between cognitive reserve and mild behavioral impairment (MBI), a neurodegenerative behavioral prodrome.METHODSWe analyzed cross‐sectional data from 1204 participants in the Canadian Platform for Research Online to Investigate Health, Quality of Life, Cognition, Behavior, Function, and Caregiving in Aging (CAN‐PROTECT) study. A cognitive reserve score (CRS) was generated based on education, occupation, and personal cognitive reserve proxies. MBI presence (MBI+) and MBI global and domain symptom severity were evaluated using the self‐reported MBI Checklist. Initial analyses examined the convergent validity of the CRS through associations with objective neuropsychological test performance and self‐reported cognitive symptoms (Everyday Cognition [ECog‐II] scale). Models were also fitted to assess MBI status and severity as functions of the CRS.RESULTSHigher CRS was associated with better neuropsychological test scores, lower odds of subjective cognitive decline (OR = 0.86, 95% CI: [0.76, 0.98], p = .03), and lower ECog‐II total score. Likewise, higher CRS was associated with lower odds of MBI+ (OR = 0.81, 95% CI: [0.71, 0.93], p = .003), and lower MBI symptom severity globally, and in impulse dyscontrol and social inappropriateness domains.DISCUSSIONWe provide preliminary evidence that engagement in activities known to preserve cognitive function in aging and disease may also preserve behavioral function. Future research should disentangle possible pathways through which cognitive reserve may preserve both cognition and behavior, explore common etiologies for these symptoms, and observe outcomes longitudinally to better understand these relationships.Highlights
Education, occupation, and personal activities are cognitive reserve proxies.
Cognitive reserve is linked to lower subjective cognitive decline in older persons.
Cognitive reserve is linked to lower mild behavioral impairment odds and severity.
A short history of philosophies of hydrological model evaluation and hypothesis testing
Authors: Beven Keith John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis historical review addresses the issues of the evaluation and testing of hydrological models, with a focus on rainfall–runoff models. After a discussion of the general philosophies of hydrological modeling, nine different philosophies of model evaluation are considered, focusing on the period of modeling on digital computers since the 1960s. In addition, some discursions to discuss the definitions of calibration and validation, how much data is needed for model calibration, equifinality and uncertainty, probabilities and possibilities, the evaluation of model ensembles, and model benchmarking. The paper finishes with a final discursion on the philosophical problem of induction.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Methods
Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
FeIII‐Based Nanomaterials: A Nanozyme Layer with Peroxidase‐Like Activity for Chemical and Biosensors Applications: A Review
Authors: Tran Hoang V. , Nguyen Tuan K. , Huynh Chinh D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe peroxidase with the most commonly is horseradish peroxidase ‐HRP, with its activity is degradation of hydrogen peroxide into reactive oxygen species (ROS), which is widely used in bio‐catalyzing processes, chemical/biosensors, environments treatments and electrochemical analysis. Unfortunately, by the natural origin, peroxidases are easily losing their activities when the pH is too high or too low, or they are easily inactive when exposing under the light or working temperature above 50 °C. In addition, because of it is a biological molecule, HRP usually loses its activity over time of storage. Therefore, there have been many ideas for synthesizing and using of nanomaterials with HRP‐mimicking activity, which are named nanozymes, to replacing of HRP in biosensor catalysis, organic decomposition catalysis, photocatalysis, synthesis of materials or pharmaceutical synthesis. Using nanozymes give a lot of benefits because of nanozymes are more stable and they usually have stronger catalytic activities than that of natural enzymes. Among of them, Fe(III)‐based peroxidase nanozymes (Fe(III)PONs) are widely used thanks to simple synthesis processes, costly, easy for storage and using. This review focuses on the synthesis, specific properties and applications of Fe(III)PONs, specially in chemical and biosensor applications.
Multiple solutions and temporal stability for ternary hybrid nanofluid flow between non‐parallel plates with entropy generation analysis
Authors: Rana Puneet , Shukla Nisha , Areekara Sujesh , Pop Ioan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study employs the predictor homotopy analysis method (PHAM) to investigate the behaviour of incompressible, steady ternary hybrid nanofluid flow through a converging or diverging channel (non‐parallel plates). The study aims to capture multiple solutions containing various shapes of nanoparticles, including spherical (Alumina [Al2O3]), platelet‐like (Graphene [Gr]), and cylindrical (carbon nanotube [CNT]). The impact of physical parameters (such as Reynolds number, nanoparticle volume fractions, and heat source/sink parameters) on critical physical quantities has been studied. The study also considers the backflow regime, which results in multiple flow patterns in converging plates but is absent in diverging ones. Additionally, the article deals with a second‐law analysis assuming several parameters, and PHAM is used to investigate the temporal stability of both solution branches. The results show the existence of a stable branch with positive eigenvalues. Stability analysis confirms that the upper branch of the solution is physically significant. The study contributes to understanding the behaviour of nanofluid flow and its applications in various fields.
Up-scattering production of a sterile fermion at DUNE: complementarity with spallation source and direct detection experiments
Authors: Candela Pablo M. , De Romeri Valentina , Melas Pantelis , Papoulias Dimitrios K. , Saoulidou Niki 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigate the possible production of a MeV-scale sterile fermion through the up-scattering of neutrinos on nuclei and atomic electrons at different facilities. We consider a phenomenological model that adds a new fermion to the particle content of the Standard Model and we allow for all possible Lorentz-invariant non-derivative interactions (scalar, pseudoscalar, vector, axial-vector and tensor) of neutrinos with electrons and first-generation quarks. We first explore the sensitivity of the DUNE experiment to this scenario, by simulating elastic neutrino-electron scattering events in the near detector. We consider both options of a standard and a tau-optimized neutrino beams, and investigate the impact of a mobile detector that can be moved off-axis with respect to the beam. Next, we infer constraints on the typical coupling, new fermion and mediator masses from elastic neutrino-electron scattering events induced by solar neutrinos in two current dark matter direct detection experiments, XENONnT and LZ. Under the assumption that the new mediators couple also to first-generation quarks, we further set constraints on the up-scattering production of the sterile fermion using coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering data from the COHERENT experiment. Moreover, we set additional constraints assuming that the sterile fermion may decay within the detector. We finally compare our results and discuss how these facilities are sensitive to different regions of the relevant parameter space due to kinematics arguments and can hence provide complementary information on the up-scattering production of a sterile fermion.
Information theoretic measures for Lifshitz system
Authors: Paul Souvik , Chowdhury Anirban Roy , Saha Ashis , Gangopadhyay Sunandan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we have studied various mixed state information theoretic quantities for an excited state of Lifshitz spacetime in 3 + 1-dimensions. This geometry is the gravity dual to a class of 2 + 1-dimensional quantum field theories having Lifshitz symmetry. We have holographically calculated mutual information, entanglement wedge cross section, entanglement negativity and mutual complexity for strip like subsystems at the boundary. For this we have used the results of holographic entanglement entropy and complexity present in the literature. We first calculate all of these mentioned quantities for the pure state of Lifshitz spacetime. Then we have moved on to calculate all these quantities for excited state of the Lifshitz spacetime. The gravity dual of excited state of Lifshitz systems in field theory can be obtained by applying constant perturbations along the boundary direction. Further, we would like to mention that for the simplicity of calculation we are only considering results up to the first order in perturbation. The change in the obtained holographic information theoretic quantities are then related to entanglement entropy, entanglement pressure, entanglement chemical potential and charge using the stress tensor complex. These relations are analogous to the first law of entanglement thermodynamics given earlier in the literature. All the calculations are carried out for both values of dynamical scaling exponent (z) present in the Lifshitz field theory.
Gravitational wavefunctions in JT supergravity
Authors: Belaey Andreas , Mariani Francesca , Mertens Thomas G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We determine explicit expressions for the continuous two-sided gravitational wavefunctions in supersymmetric versions of JT gravity, focusing mainly on $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 JT supergravity. Our approach is based on representation theory of the associated supergroup, for which we determine the relevant mixed parabolic matrix elements that implement asymptotic AdS boundary conditions at the quantum level. We match our expressions with those found by solving the energy-eigenvalue equation [1]. We discuss gravitational applications by computing several amplitudes of interest, and address how our framework can be generalized further.
Supergluon scattering in AdS: constructibility, spinning amplitudes, and new structures
Authors: Cao Qu , He Song , Li Xiang , Tang Yichao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We elaborate on a new recursive method proposed in [1] for computing tree-level n-point supergluon amplitudes as well as those with one gluon, i.e. spinning amplitudes, in AdS5 × S3. We present an improved proof for the so-called “constructibility” of supergluon and spinning amplitudes based on their factorizations and flat-space limit, which allows us to determine these amplitudes in Mellin space to all n. We present explicit and remarkably simple expressions for up to n = 7 supergluon amplitudes and n = 6 spinning amplitudes, which can be viewed as AdS generalizations of the scalar-scaffolded gluon amplitudes proposed recently. We then reveal a series of hidden structures of these AdS amplitudes including (1). an understanding of general pole structures especially the precise truncation on descendent poles (2). a derivation of simple “Feynman rules” for the all-n amplitudes with the simplest R-symmetry structures, and (3). certain universal behavior analogous to the soft/collinear limit of flat-space amplitudes.
State-of-the-art application of nanoparticles in radiotherapy: a platform for synergistic effects in cancer treatment
Authors: Mostafavi Mehrnaz , Ghazi Farhood , Mehrabifard Mahboobeh , Alivirdiloo Vahid , Hajiabbasi Mobasher , Rahimi Fatemeh , Mobed Ahmad , Taheripak Gholamreza , Ramezani Farani Marzieh , Huh Yun Suk , Bakhtiyari Salar , Alipourfard Iraj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRadiotherapy (RT) is a gold standard cancer treatment worldwide. However, RT has limitations and many side effects. Nanoparticles (NPs) have exclusive properties that allow them to be used in cancer therapy. Consequently, the combination of NP and RT opens up a new frontier in cancer treatment. Among NPs, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are the most extensively studied and are considered ideal radiosensitizers for radiotherapy due to their unique physicochemical properties and high X‑ray absorption. This review analyzes the various roles of NPs as radiosensitizers in radiotherapy of glioblastoma (GBS), prostate cancer, and breast cancer and summarizes recent advances. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of NP radiosensitization, including physical, chemical, and biological mechanisms, are discussed, which may provide new directions for next-generation GNP optimization and clinical transformation.
Graphic abstract
Trajectories of work disability and unemployment before and after a common mental disorder diagnosis among young private sector employees in Sweden–a register-based longitudinal study
Authors: Amin Ridwanul , Björkenstam Emma , Helgesson Magnus , Mittendorfer-Rutz Ellenor 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To identify trajectory groups of work disability (WD), including sick leave and disability pension, and unemployment three years before and six years (from Y-3 to Y + 6) after a common mental disorder (CMD) diagnosis and to investigate associations of socio-demographic, work-related and clinical factors with trajectory membership.

Methods
A longitudinal nationwide register-based study was conducted including individuals aged 22–29 years, gainfully employed in the private sector, with a CMD diagnosis in specialised healthcare or prescribed antidepressant (N = 12,121) in 2014 (Year 0/Y0), with follow-up from Y-3 to Y + 6. Group-based trajectory analyses identified groups of individuals who followed similar trajectories of months of WD and unemployment, respectively. Multinomial logistic regression determined associations between socio-demographic, work-related and clinical factors and trajectory membership.

Results
In the CMD group, we identified three trajectory groups, each for WD and unemployment. Only 7% individuals belonged to a ‘Fluctuant high’ trajectory group with four months of WD in Y0, which peaked at 7 months in Y + 3 and reduced to 5 months in Y + 6. For unemployment, 15% belonged to an ‘Increasing medium’ trajectory group that steadily increased from 1.3 months in Y0 to 2.6 months in Y + 6. Sex, educational level and musculoskeletal disorders for WD, and educational level, living area and occupational class for unemployment, influentially determined the variance across the CMD trajectory groups.

Conclusions
Specific vulnerable groups regarding unfavourable WD (women, low education and musculoskeletal disorders) and unemployment (manual work, low education and rural residence) trajectories require special attention regarding their return-to-work process following a CMD diagnosis.
Pandemics, public policy, and Peltzman effects
Authors: Dietrich Alexander , Kohler Wilhelm , Müller Gernot 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAgainst the backdrop of Covid-19, we study the effectiveness of public policies typically employed to fight an epidemic. We extend the compartmental SIR model to explore the trade-offs which govern individual behavior. Our stylized model allows for a closed form analysis of vaccination and lockdown policies. We establish Peltzman effects: as policies lower the risk of infections, people become more socially active, which—in turn—undermines their effectiveness. We detect patterns in data for both US states and countries in Western Europe that are consistent with the notion that such effects are shaping actual infection dynamics to a considerable extent.
Standardization and optimization of the hiPSC-based PluriLum assay for detection of embryonic and developmental toxicants
Authors: Treschow Andreas Frederik , Vinggaard Anne Marie , Valente Maria João 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNew approach methodologies (NAMs) for predicting embryotoxicity and developmental toxicity are urgently needed for generating human relevant data, while reducing turnover time and costs, and alleviating ethical concerns related to the use of animal models. We have previously developed the PluriLum assay, a NKX2.5-reporter gene 3D model using human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) that are genetically modified to enable the assessment of adverse effects of chemicals on the early-stage embryo. Aiming at improving the predictive value of the PluriLum assay for future screening purposes, we sought to introduce standardization steps to the protocol, improving the overall robustness of the PluriLum assay, as well as a shortening of the assay protocol. First, we showed that the initial size of embryoid bodies (EBs) is crucial for a proper differentiation into cardiomyocytes and overall reproducibility of the assay. When the starting diameter of the EBs exceeds 500 µm, robust differentiation can be anticipated. In terms of reproducibility, exposure to the fungicide epoxiconazole at smaller initial diameters resulted in a larger variation of the derived data, compared to more reliable concentration–response curves obtained using spheroids with larger initial diameters. We further investigated the ideal length of the differentiation protocol, resulting in a shortening of the PluriLum assay by 24 h to 7 days. Following exposure to the teratogens all-trans and 13-cis retinoic acid, both cardiomyocyte contraction and measurement of NKX2.5-derived luminescence were recorded with a similar or increased sensitivity after 6 days of differentiation when compared to the original 7 days. Finally, we have introduced an efficient step for enzymatic dissociation of the EBs at assay termination. This allows for an even splitting of the individual EBs and testing of additional endpoints other than the NKX2.5-luciferase reporter, which was demonstrated in this work by the simultaneous assessment of ATP levels. In conclusion, we have introduced standardizations and streamlined the PluriLum assay protocol to improve its suitability as a NAM for screening of a large number of chemicals for developmental toxicity testing.