bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between division and continuity: Thresholds, boundaries and perspectives as territories of ambiguity
Authors: Capucci Pier Luigi 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The Renaissance perspective represents the three-dimensional space onto a bi-dimensional one. This cultural construction, which unifies real and virtual, like all simulations, has some limitations – the main one is that it only works from a precise viewpoint that rules the illusion. When moving away from this position the illusion becomes imperfect. Similar to physics, where reality depends on the observer’s position, perspective depends on the viewer’s position. Since perspective has been inherited by photography, cinema, video, computer images, virtual reality, 3D videogames, we live in a perspective-based culture. In perception the boundaries between opposite qualities are often blurred and even indistinguishable. A screen is generally considered as rectangular, but it can be viewed as really rectangular only from its central perpendicular axis, at the crossing of the diagonals. When moving from this position it should appear as trapezoidal, but people still say it is rectangular: because they see it as rectangular or because they know it is rectangular? This threshold between vision and knowledge is imperceptible and obscure. Something similar happens with the senses. They are considered as separate entities: touch, hear, sight, smell and taste are described as distinct ways to detect the phenomenal world. But they are intermingled; the boundaries that are supposed to separate them are apparent: they are logically separable but not separate. The sensorial system is a cohesive and interrelated continuum where the senses act in synergy with each other. Continuity and discreteness, indistinguishability and distinction, inseparability and division are qualities to individuate, describe, classify and/or communicate the phenomena. These qualities are both theoretical and technical, since they depend on the general perspective of the analysis, on the goals to pursue, on the scale at which the phenomena are observed and on the accuracy of the instruments that are used.
The Steiner problem: a survey
Authors: Gordeev E.N. , Tarastsov O.G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFor the past decade the Steiner minimal tree problem has attracted the attention of researchers in discrete optimization. A brief survey of the main results concerning the properties and algorithms of the Steiner problem in the Euclidean plane, the Steiner problem in the plane with rectilinear metric and the Steiner problem in networks is done in this paper. The main attention is paid to the recent results concerning the last problem.
Exponents of classes of non-negative matrices
Authors: Sachkov V.N. , Oshkin I.B. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA square non-negative matrix is called primitive if all the elements of some power of this matrix are positive. The exponent of a primitive matrix is the minimum power satisfying this condition. The exponent of a class of primitive matrices is the minimum power such that all the matrices of the class to this power have positive elements only. In this paper, bounds for the exponents of primitive matrices and classes of matrices are obtained.
Line hypergraphs
Authors: Levin A.G. , Tyshkevich R.I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe notion of the line hypergraph is introduced. It is an immediate generalization of two wellknown objects: a line graph and a dual hypergraph. We obtain various characterizations of line hypergraphs; we also obtain a generalization of Whitney's theorem. The NP-completeness of the problem of determining whether a given graph is the line graph of a hypergraph of rank r > 2 is proved.
On the number of threshold functions
Authors: Irmatov A.A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA Boolean function is called a threshold function if its truth domain is a part of the n-cube cut off by some hyperplane. The number of threshold functions of n variables P(2, n) was estimated in [1, 2, 3]. Obtaining the lower bounds is a problem of special difficulty. Using a result of the paper [4], Zuev in [3] showed that for sufficiently large nP(2, n) > 2In the present paper a new proof which gives a more precise lower bound of P(2, n) is proposed, namely, it is proved that for sufficiently large nP(2, n) > 2
Some properties of the inertia groups of Boolean bijunctive functions and an inductive method of generating such functions
Authors: Tarasov A.V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe class of bijunctive Boolean functions consists of the functions representable by the 2-CNF. The problem of enumeration of such function of arbitrary number of variables has not been solved. In the paper, we consider properties of inertia groups ofbijunctive functions in several groups and give an inductive method of generating all distinct representatives of the classes of geometric equivalence of bijunctive functions. By this method we calculate the numbers of bijunctive functions of 5, 6, and 7 variables.
On the periodicity of the sequence of states of an automaton corresponding to a given initial state and a given periodic input sequence
Authors: Babash A.V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe introduce a formalisation of the intuitive notion of almost periodicity of elements of a finite alphabet, the measure of approximate period of this sequence. We obtain a lower bound of the measure of approximate period of the sequence of states of an automaton for a given initial state and a given periodic input sequence. On the base of this estimate, we obtain a lower bound for the measures of approximate periods of output sequences of automata modelling the functioning of shift registers.
Boolean lattices of multiply Ω-foliated formations
Authors: Skachkova Yu.A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn the context of a new functional approach to the study of classes of groups, V. A. Vedernikov and M. M. Sorokina introduced Ω-foliated formations, which gave a possibility to systematise a wide class of formations of finite groups. In this paper, we study n-multiply Ω-foliated formations with r-direction φ such that φ
Boolean lattices of n-multiply Ω-bicanonical Fitting classes
Authors: Kamozina O.V. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe describe the n-multiply Ω-bicanonical Fitting classes with Boolean lattice of Fitting subclasses. In particular, it is shown that in this case a Fitting class is directly decomposable with the use of the set of all atoms of its lattice. Here the notion of a direct decomposition plays the key role. Therefore we study direct decompositions separately and consider Ω-foliated Fitting classes with more general directions.
On ω-languages of special billiards
Authors: Melnikov B.F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe consider non-deterministic initial finite automata without final states and the ω-languages determined by such automata. For such ω-languages, we consider the so-called languages of obstructions. We define and analyse billiard ω-languages determined in a special way for each n ≥ 3 over an alphabet consisting of n letters. Each ω-word of such ω-language can be obtained with the use of infinite number of reflections of a point from the cushions of billiards having the form of a regular n-polygon. For such ω-languages, we consider the languages of obstructions and show that for any n a language of obstructions is not regular.
Calculation of NaCl, KCl and LiCl Salts Activity Coefficients in Polyethylene Glycol (PEG4000)–Water System Using Modified PHSC Equation of State, Extended Debye–Hückel Model and Pitzer Model
Authors: Marjani Azam 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFor biomolecules and cell particles purification and separation in biological engineering, besides the chromatography as mostly applied process, aqueous two-phase systems (ATPS) are of the most favorable separation processes that are worth to be investigated in thermodynamic theoretically. In recent years, thermodynamic calculation of ATPS properties has attracted much attention due to their great applications in chemical industries such as separation processes. These phase calculations of ATPS have inherent complexity due to the presence of ions and polymers in aqueous solution. In this work, for target ternary systems of polyethylene glycol (PEG4000)–salt–water, thermodynamic investigation for constituent systems with three salts (NaCl, KCl and LiCl) has been carried out as PEG is the most favorable polymer in ATPS. The modified perturbed hard sphere chain (PHSC) equation of state (EOS), extended Debye–Hückel and Pitzer models were employed for calculation of activity coefficients for the considered systems. Four additional statistical parameters were considered to ensure the consistency of correlations and introduced as objective functions in the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results showed desirable agreement to the available experimental data, and the order of recommendation of studied models is PHSC EOS > extended Debye–Hückel > Pitzer. The concluding remark is that the all the employed models are reliable in such calculations and can be used for thermodynamic correlation/predictions; however, by using an ion-based parameter calculation method, the PHSC EOS reveals both reliability and universality of applications.
Is Either/Or a Religious Work or Not?
Authors: Tarassenko Luke 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this article I raise the question of whether or not Kierkegaard’s earliest pseudonymous work, Either/Or, is a “religious” work, as he later claims in The Point of View for My Work as an Author. Contra Henning Fenger, Joakim Garff, and Alastair Hannay, I argue with Charles Bellinger, David Law, Robert Perkins and Joel Rasmussen that Either/Or is in fact a religious work. After giving a definition of the term “religious,” I carry this out primarily by paying close attention to the text and secondarily by an examination of what kind of vocational approach to writing Either/Or evinces, a question which Law notes has not yet been adequately addressed in Kierkegaard studies
Kierkegaard Reception in Modern Theology: A Review and Assessment
Authors: Roberts Kyle A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe developments and trajectories in modern theology cannot be fully appreciated or understood apart from reference to Kierkegaard’s thought. Given the complexities of Kierkegaard’s authorship, it is not surprising that his influence on modern theology was varied but profound. Recent contributions to Kierkegaard scholarship have shed much light on the reception of Kierkegaard in modern theology. This essay explores primary themes of that reception and analyzes significant insights gained through that collection of research for our understanding of the ambivalent but weighty influence of Kierkegaard’s thought on modern theology. The essay also provides a window into a variety of ways Kierkegaard was both appreciated and misunderstood by significant modern theologians, with some implications for how we can read Kierkegaard profitably today in theological discourse
“I knew right from the start that the whole thing would be damned expensive” – Gustav Klimt’s Cartoons for the Stoclet Frieze: Their Creation, Execution, and Conservation, Part II
Authors: Murr Beate 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn 1905, Gustav Klimt, one of the best-known Austrian Art Nouveau artists was commissioned to decorate the walls of the dining room of the Stoclet House in Brussels, which was being designed by Josef Hoffmann. Nine full-scale cartoons on paper - designed in 1910 / 1911 - are the result of Klimt’s years of work on this project. He provided instructions for their transposition as a mosaic directly onto the paper. For the production of the frieze at the Wiener Werkstatte and at Leopold Forstner’s Wiener Mosaikwerkstatte, Klimt gave numerous instructions regarding the materials to be used and the shades of color in the mosaic. He wrote these by hand directly onto the cartoons. The cartoons for the Stoclet Frieze, 1:1 in scale, have been the subject of extensive scholarly research and have been restored in the 1970ies. During the last eight years the cartoons were subjected to another invasive treatment. This second part deals with the “de-restoration” of earlier interventions, the consolidation of media and paper carrier and the mounting on acid free honeycomb cardboard panels so that the individual cartoons can be displayed side by side without interruption of frames to form a frieze. Now they are exhibited in an eleven-meter long, climate-stabilized glass display case.
Model discoloured paper for analysis of aqueous washing and other conservation processes / Untersuchung und Bewertung wässriger Behandlungstechniken mittels gefärbter Modellpapiere / Analyse et évaluation de techniques de traitement aqueux grâce aux papiers modèles colorés
Authors: Kosek Joanna , I’Anson Stephen , Tindal Alec , Daniels Vincent , Sandy Mark 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe describe trial production and evaluation of model papers deliberately discoloured in a controlled and reproducible manner during manufacture using modern water-soluble synthetic and natural dyes. The intention was to produce papers in the quantities required to serve as material for research, familiarisation and training in conservation. In the initial evaluation it was possible to demonstrate disparate responses to water by thin, low-grammage, and thick, high-grammage papers and by hydrophilic and hydrophobic papers which in real objects present very different sets of risks and require different methods to mitigate the risks. The evaluation has shown potential of model papers with consistent structure, properties and staining in teaching and experimentation which exceeded the authors’ original expectations.
A Colorimetric Characterization and Assessment of the Chromatic Deterioration of the Medieval Manuscript Registro Notarial de Torres in the Archives of the Royal Chancellery in Granada, Spain
Authors: Collado-Montero Francisco José , Espejo-Arias Teresa 
Published: February 2016

AbstractColour analysis contributes to better characterization and appraisal of cultural objects such as historic written documents, because measurements of their colour and chromatic differences may facilitate suitable assessment and control of their state of preservation. This paper describes a colorimetric study undertaken on the parchment binding and the paper leaves of a medieval manuscript notebook (1382–1400), now kept in the Archives of the Royal Chancellery of Granada, Spain. The aim of the study was a physical characterization of the notebook and an evaluation of the chromatic changes caused by its ageing. To this end we measured the colour of the binding and the pages of the document and evaluated the differences in colour between various points on the binding. As a result of this analysis we detected significant alterations in colour between protected areas of the binding, which retained their original colour, and others exposed to the effects of damaging agents such as light, humidity or dirt. These chromatic changes manifest in a decrease in brightness
Cham Manuscripts, the Endangered Cultural Heritage from a Lost Kingdom
Authors: Phan Hao N. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article describes the endangered situation of Cham manuscripts in Vietnam. Cham are a minority people in Vietnam who used to have their own kingdom called Champa that lasted from the seventh century until 1832, when Champa was eliminated by the Vietnamese. For hundreds of years, Cham people have produced many palm-leaf and paper manuscripts recording their religious teachings, culture, and history. About 600 Cham manuscripts have been collected by institutions in France and Vietnam. Yet, there are a few thousand more manuscripts still available in Cham communities located in Central Vietnam. Most of the manuscripts kept by these communities are however in poor physical condition and urgently need to be better preserved. This article first provides background information on Cham people and Cham manuscripts. Next, it describes the current preservation of Cham manuscripts in Vietnam, explaining why these invaluable materials of the Cham cultural heritage are in an endangered situation. Finally, it briefly discusses solutions for the preservation of Cham manuscripts in Vietnam. Information used in the article is mainly based on observation from two recent field trips to Vietnam by the author.
Non-invasive Spectroscopic Investigation of a Sixteenth-Century Polychrome Aztec Picture Map on Deerskin
Authors: Stanley Ted 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPrinceton University Library’s rare sixteenth-century polychrome Aztec picture map on deerskin vividly portrays the conversion of the Aztecs to Catholicism during the Early Colonial Period of the Spanish Conquest. A non-invasive technical examination was conducted to identify the colourants and the species of the animal hide support used in the creation of the map. Analysis included spectroscopic techniques such as attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Light microscopy and UVA fluorescence were also employed as tools. Results of the technical examination found the presence of cochineal, bone black, Maya blue, which are indigenous colourants traditionally associated with Mesoamerica, and a layer of an unknown greenish-yellow dye over Maya blue to create the colour green. The examination also discovered what appears to be an orange-yellow gamboge-like substance known as American (sometimes called Mexican) gamboge, which is indigenous to Mexico and parts of Central and South America. Its plant family is Hypericaceae, which is very closely related to Clusiaceae. Clusiaceae is the Southeast Asian and Indian plant family of gamboge, which is commonly used as a pigment in Western, Indian and Asian art. The study’s exposure of the obscure substance may spur more research into its use as a colourant of the Mesoamerican palette. The paper also hopes to add to the overall knowledge of Mesoamerican materials in order to better understand aspects of their conservation and preservation.
Evaluation of Treatments for Stabilization of Verdigris and Malachite Containing Paper Documents
Authors: Malešič Jasna , Kolar Jana , Anders Manfred 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCopper ions and acids lead to enhanced degradation of the paper carrier. Stabilization treatment of documents with pigments such as verdigris and malachite should therefore include addition of alkalis to combat acid hydrolysis of cellulose and antioxidants to retard oxidative degradation catalysed by copper ions. The paper reviews present approaches for stabilisation of green copper pigments. Furthermore, two recently proposed treatments containing tetraalkylammonium bromide antioxidants and alkali are evaluated. The first treatment is based on interleaving of paper samples containing malachite or verdigris pigments with papers, impregnated with alkaline buffer and antioxidant at elevated relative humidity and applied pressure. The second one is based on the use of non-aqueous suspensions of nano calcium carbonate and/or magnesium oxide particles and tetrabutylammonium or tetrapropylammonium bromide. Size exclusion chromatography is used to monitor the extent of degradation of samples during accelerated ageing, while colour changes of pigments are determined using colourimetry. Results demonstrate that effective stabilization of paper samples can be achieved with tetrabutylammonium bromide and calcium carbonate containing interleaves at 90% RH. When non-aqueous immersion treatment is applied, tetrabutylammonium bromide at a concentration 0.09 M in combination with calcium carbonate nano particles had the most beneficial effect on the paper as well as on the colour of the copper based pigments.
Interaction between N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine and β-lactoglobulin / N-fenil-1-naftilamin and β-laktoglobulin arasındaki etkileşim
Authors: Huiqing Li , Zhiqing Wang , Hui Jia , Jing Wei , Youming Dong , Zhiyue Yu 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objective: We aimed to explore the interaction between hydrophobic molecule N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (AN) and major bovine milk protein β-lactoglobulin (β-LG) in aqueous solution.
Methods: We use a combination of experiment and theoretical calculation to study how the β-lactoglobulin and AN interact. Fluorescence spectra were recorded on an F-4500 fluorescence spectrometer. The absorption spectra of AN were recorded on a 2250 UV-vis spectrophotometer. The crystal structure of β-LG (1B0O) is obtained from Protein Data Bank. Molecular docking was carried out using the AutoDock4.2 software package. The PyMOL molecular viewer and the MGLTools are used to render the output and to calculate the distance between nearest atoms.
Results: A 1: 1 complex were found to be formed and the N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine binding site and Trp-19 residues of β-lactoglobulin was calculated to be 2.28 nm. The interaction force between the molecule and β-lactoglobulin was suggested to be mainly hydrophobic force through the calculated thermodynamic parameters of the reaction. Autodock research also further proved the interaction mode. The binding affects no conformation of the β-lactoglobulin. Moreover, it stabilizes the fold of the protein. The binding constants of oleate to β-lactoglobulin is also calculated by competitive binding experiments.
Conclusion: β-lactoglobulin, by virtue of their ability to enhance solubility and stability of AN, can provide more information about its function as a versatile carrier for small bioactive molecules. AN could also be utilized as a reference to detect the binding of other small ligands to the protein by calculating the binding constants of oleate to β-lactoglobulin as a example.
The effects of melatonin on brain nitrosative stress and energy balance in fructose-mediated metabolic syndrome model / Fruktoz-aracılı metabolik sendrom modelinde melatoninin beyinde nitrozatif stres ve enerji dengesi üzerine etkisi
Authors: Ozan Gonca , Bircan Filiz Sezen , Topal Turgut , Türközkan Nurten 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Objective: Metabolic syndrome (MetS), one of the common health problems seen with increasing frequency in today’s modern societies, is also a important risk factor for neurological disorders such as stroke, depression, Alzheimer’s disease. On the other hand, melatonin is a neurohormone, has potent antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of melatonin administration on brain tissue in fructose-mediated MetS model.
Methods: Male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n=8); control, fructose, melatonin and fructose plus melatonin. MetS was induced by fructose solution 20% in tap water, and melatonin was administered at the dose of 20 mg/kg bw/day by oral gavage. Systolic blood pressures (SBP) were measured by tail-cuff method. After the experimental period of 8 weeks, serum triglyceride, glucose, insulin, and tissue ATP/ADP ratio, nitric oxide (NOx) and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) levels were measured. Also tissue endothelial and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and iNOS) protein levels were determined.
Results: Fructose consumption increased SBP, serum triglyceride, insulin levels and induced insulin resistance significantly compared to control group and MetS model was successfully demonstrated. In comparison with control group, fructose administration did not cause significant changes in tissue ATP/ADP ratio and 3-NT levels. NOx levels did not change significantly among groups, and iNOS-eNOS proteins were not detected in any groups. Interestingly, tissue 3-NT levels were elevated significantly while ATP/ADP ratio was diminished in fructose plus melatonin group compare with both control and fructose groups.
Conclusion: These results indicate that high fructose diet for 8 weeks does not influence nitric oxide production, energy metabolism and protein nitration in brain. Nevertheless melatonin acted as a pro-oxidant at that dose when administered with fructose.