bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐dimensional ultrastructural analysis of development at the supraspinatus insertion by using focused ion beam/scanning electron microscope tomography in rats
Authors: Kanazawa Tomonoshin , Gotoh Masafumi , Ohta Keisuke , Shiba Naoto , Nakamura Kei‐ichiro 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTTo obtain a successful outcome after rotator cuff repair, the repaired tendon must be biologically anchored to the bone. However, the histological structure at the repaired tendon‐bone interface differs from that of the site of normal tendon insertion. Therefore, analyzing postnatal development in detail will contribute to understanding the repaired tendon‐bone interface after rotator cuff repair. In this study, we analyzed postnatal development at the tendon‐bone insertion in terms of temporal changes in SOX9/SCX expression and three‐dimensional (3D) ultrastructure with FIB/SEM tomography, a new scanning electron microscopic method. Sixteen postnatal Sprague–Dawley rats were used for the study. One‐, two‐, three‐, and four‐week‐old rats were sacrificed and both right and left shoulders were removed; eight normal supraspinatus tendon insertions were isolated for each time point. At each time point, four specimens were evaluated with fluorescent immunostaining for SOX9/SCX expression, and the remaining four specimens were evaluated with FIB/SEM tomography. Even in postnatal development, SOX9+/SCX+ expression was observed at the tendon insertion; expression gradually decreased with postnatal development at the normal tendon insertion. In 3D ultrastructure, the morphology of the cells and the number/orientation of the cell processes drastically changed by postnatal week 4. The pattern of SOX9/SCX expression and 3D ultrastructural changes obtained in this study contribute to an understanding of the complicated development of normal tendon‐bone insertion. Therefore, this study helps elucidate the pathophysiology of tendon‐bone insertion, especially in cases of rotator cuff tear and repair. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:969–976, 2016.
Why sinonasal disease spares the inferior turbinate: An immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: White Lauren C. , Weinberger Paul , Coulson Hannah , Guo Dehuang , Jang David , Gurrola Jose , Kountakis Stilianos E. 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisClinically, inflammatory polyps are found in the middle turbinate (MT) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) but not in the inferior turbinate (IT). The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in protein expression between IT and MT tissue in patients with CRS.Study DesignProspective cohort.MethodsPathologic specimens obtained from patients with CRS undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery with IT reduction were evaluated by immunohistochemical analysis of inflammatory markers cysteinyl leukotriene 1 receptor (CysLT1R), toll‐like receptor 2 (TLR2), and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1). Protein expression was quantified with nuance multispectral analysis and results compared between MT and IT tissue.ResultsThe total expression of VCAM1 and CysLT1R was decreased in the IT compared to the MT. There was no difference in total TLR2 expression between the IT and MT. When comparing patients with eosinophilic CRS to noneosinophilic CRS (neCRS), there was decreased expression of VCAM1 in the IT of patients with neCRS. When comparing patients with nasal polyposis to those without polyps, there was decreased expression of VCAM1 in the IT of patients without polyps.ConclusionsThere is a difference in protein receptor expression of VCAM1 and CysLT1R in MT compared to IT tissue. Although the leukotrienes are a well‐known target for treatment of chronic sinusitis, this is the first study demonstrating an upregulation of VCAM1 expression in the MT and could be a potential future target for the treatment of CRS.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:E179–E183, 2016
Laryngeal pacing via an implantable stimulator for the rehabilitation of subjects suffering from bilateral vocal fold paralysis: A prospective first‐in‐human study
Authors: Mueller Andreas H. , Hagen Rudolf , Foerster Gerhard , Grossmann Wilma , Baumbusch Katrin , Pototschnig Claus 
Published: November 2015

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the performance and safety of the newly developed Laryngeal Pacemaker System (LP System) for the treatment of bilateral vocal fold paralysis (BVFP).Study DesignFeasibility, first‐in‐human, single‐arm, open‐label, prospective, multicenter study with a group sequential design and a 6‐month follow‐up period.MethodsNine symptomatic BVFP subjects were implanted unilaterally with the LP System. Pre‐ and 6‐month postimplantation evaluations consisted of the 6‐Minute Walk Test (6MWT), the Peak Expiratory and Inspiratory Flow (PEF and PIF) evaluation, the PEF meter analysis, the 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36), the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI), the 12‐Item Voice Handicap Index (VHI‐12), and the Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing. The safety profile of the LP System was continuously monitored.ResultsThe LP System implantation was achieved in 8/9 cases. Seven of the nine subjects completed the study. Absolute PEF and PIF values improved significantly 6 months postimplantation (P < .05). 6MWT results showed a non–statistically significant improvement (P = .09). The mental component of the SF‐36 showed a significant improvement (P = .043), whereas the other SF‐36 components, the GBI, and the VHI‐12 results did not changed significantly. The LP System did not affect the voice and swallowing quality and maintained a reliable safety profile for the duration of the study.ConclusionsThis feasibility study showed that the LP System has the potential to become an effective and safe treatment for BVFP subjects without compromising the patients' voice.Level of Evidence2b Laryngoscope, 126:1810–1816, 2016
The Comparison of the Combined Toxicity between Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive Bacteria: a Case Study of Antibiotics and Quorum‐sensing Inhibitors
Authors: Wang Dali , Lin Zhifen , Ding Xiruo , Hu Jingyun , Liu Ying 
Published: November 2015

AbstractQuorum‐sensing inhibitors (QSIs) are being used increasingly in diverse fields, and are likely to end up in the environment, where they may encounter the antibiotics and consequently cause joint effects on biological systems. However, the potential joint effects of QSIs and antibiotics have received little attention. In this study, the joint effects of antibiotics, represented by sulfonamides (SAs) and penicillin, as well as three potential QSIs, were investigated using both Gram‐negative (Escherichia coli, E. coli) and Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, B. subtilis). It was found that E. coli tend to be more sensitive to the individual drugs than B. subtilis, whereas the joint effects on the two bacteria showed no difference regarding the same combination of antibiotics and QSIs. In general, SAs presented additive effects with γ‐Valerolactone and 2‐Pyrrolidinone, but antagonistic effects with L‐(+)‐Prolinol; penicillin exhibited antagonistic effects with all three QSIs. Moreover, it was found that the rate of resistance in E. coli against the individual antibiotics was reduced through the addition of the QSIs, which suggests a promising use of the QSIs in the bacterial infection treatment. This study also offers a valuable reference for the risk assessment of the antibiotics and QSIs in the real environment.
Ensuring safety and functionality of electroglottography measurements during dynamic pulmonary MRI
Authors: Özen Ali Caglar , Traser Louisa , Echternach Matthias , Dadakova Tetiana , Burdumy Michael , Richter Bernhard , Bock Michael 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo combine vocal tract measurements with dynamic MRI of the lungs to provide fundamental insights into the lung physiology during singing.MethodsTo analyze vocal fold oscillatory patterns during dynamic lung MRI, an electroglottography (EGG) system was modified to allow for simultaneous EGG measurements during MR image acquisitions. A low‐pass filter was introduced to suppress residual radiofrequency (RF) coupling into the EGG signal. RF heating was tested in a gel phantom to ensure MR safety, and functionality of the EGG device was assessed in a volunteer experiment at singing frequencies from A5 to A3. In the recorded EGG signals, remaining RF interferences were removed by independent component analysis post processing, and standard EGG parameters such as fundamental frequency, contact quotient and jitter were calculated. In a second volunteer experiment, EGG recordings were compared with lung diameter measurements from 2D time‐resolved trueFISP acquisitions.ResultsRF heating measurements resulted in less than 1.2°C temperature increase in the gel phantom. EGG parameters measured during MR imaging are within the range of ideal values. In the lung measurement, both the lung diameter and the EGG recordings could be successfully performed with only minimal interference.ConclusionEGG recording is pos sible during dynamic lung MRI, and glottal activity can be studied safely at 1.5T. Magn Reson Med 76:1629–1635, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Diffusion MRI noise mapping using random matrix theory
Authors: Veraart Jelle , Fieremans Els , Novikov Dmitry S. 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo estimate the spatially varying noise map using a redundant series of magnitude MR images.MethodsWe exploit redundancy in non‐Gaussian distributed multidirectional diffusion MRI data by identifying its noise‐only principal components, based on the theory of noisy covariance matrices. The bulk of principal component analysis eigenvalues, arising due to noise, is described by the universal Marchenko–Pastur distribution, parameterized by the noise level. This allows us to estimate noise level in a local neighborhood based on the singular value decomposition of a matrix combining neighborhood voxels and diffusion directions.ResultsWe present a model‐independent local noise mapping method capable of estimating the noise level down to about 1% error. In contrast to current state‐of‐the‐art techniques, the resultant noise maps do not show artifactual anatomical features that often reflect physiological noise, the presence of sharp edges, or a lack of adequate a priori knowledge of the expected form of MR signal.ConclusionsSimulations and experiments show that typical diffusion MRI data exhibit sufficient redundancy that enables accurate, precise, and robust estimation of the local noise level by interpreting the principal component analysis eigenspectrum in terms of the Marchenko–Pastur distribution. Magn Reson Med 76:1582–1593, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Imaging gray matter with concomitant null point imaging from the phase sensitive inversion recovery sequence
Authors: Mougin Olivier , Abdel‐Fahim Rasha , Dineen Robert , Pitiot Alain , Evangelou Nikos , Gowland Penny 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo present an improved three‐dimensional (3D) interleaved phase sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) sequence including a concomitantly acquired new contrast, null point imaging (NPI), to help detect and classify abnormalities in cortical gray matter.MethodsThe 3D gradient echo PSIR images were acquired at 0.6 mm isotropic resolution on 11 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients and 9 controls subjects using a 7 Tesla (T) MRI scanner, and 2 MS patients at 3T. Cortical abnormalities were delineated on the NPI/PSIR data and later classified according to position in the cortex.ResultsThe NPI helped detect cortical lesions within the cortical ribbon with increased, positive contrast compared with the PSIR. It also provided improved intrinsic delineation of the ribbon, increasing confidence in classifying the lesions' locations.ConclusionThe proposed PSIR facilitates the classification of cortical lesions by providing two T1‐weighted 3D datasets with isotropic resolution, including the NPI showing cortical lesions with clear delineation of the gray/white matter boundary and minimal partial volume effects. Magn Reson Med 76:1512–1516, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Reverse fiber type disproportion: A distinct metabolic myopathy
Authors: Cooper Christopher B. , Dolezal Brett A. , Riley Marshall , Verity M. Anthony , Shieh Perry B. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionIn this investigation we characterized the physiological and metabolic responses to incremental exercise in 13 subjects with a predominance of type II fibers on muscle biopsy.MethodsSubjects underwent incremental exercise testing with measures of maximum oxygen uptake (
O2 max), maximum heart rate (fc max), chronotropic index (fc/
O2 slope), maximum ventilation (
emax), blood lactate, ammonia, and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Muscle fiber type was determined by myosin ATPase histochemistry.ResultsMuscle biopsies showed more type II fibers (75%) in subjects compared with normal individuals (P < 0.01). Subjects exhibited normal
O2 max and end‐exercise lactate, whereas ammonia and CK levels at maximum exercise were significantly higher.ConclusionsSubjects with type II muscle fiber predominance exhibited exaggerated increases in ammonia and elevated CK levels during exercise. Predominance of type II fibers on muscle biopsy is the opposite finding of congenital fiber type disproportion; we suggest these patients be referred to as having “reverse fiber type disproportion.” Muscle Nerve 54: 86–93, 2016
Guidelines and enabling objectives for training primary healthcare providers, gynecologists and obstetric and gynecology residents in Female Pelvic Floor Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Contreras Ortiz Oscar , Rizk Diaa EE. , Falconi Gabriele , Schreiner Lucas , Gorbea Chávez Viridiana 
Published: November 2015

AimFor four decades, the training for fellows in Urogynecology has been defined by taking into account the proposals of the relevant international societies. Primary health care providers and general OB/GYN practitioners could not find validated guidelines for the integration of knowledge in pelvic floor dysfunctions. The FIGO Working Group (FWG) in Pelvic Floor Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery has looked for the consensus of international opinion leaders in order to develop a set of minimal requirements of knowledge and skills in this area.MethodThis manuscript is divided into three categories of knowledge and skills, these are: to know, to understand, and to perform in order to offer the patients a more holistic health care in this area.ResultsThe FWG reached consensus on the minimal requirements of knowledge and skills regarding each of the enabling objectives identified for postgraduate obstetrics and gynecology physicians and for residents in obstetrics and gynecology.ConclusionsOur goal is to propose and validate the basic objectives of minimal knowledge in pelvic floor medicine and reconstructive surgery. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:514–517, 2017. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topological Control of Columnar Stacking Made of Liquid‐Crystalline Thiophene‐Fused Metallonaphthalocyanines
Authors: Suzuki Hiroyuki , Kawano Koki , Ohta Kazuchika , Shimizu Yo , Kobayashi Nagao , Kimura Mutsumi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe spontaneous organization of two‐dimensional polyaromatic molecules into well‐defined nanostructures through noncovalent interactions is important in the development of organic‐based electronic and optoelectronic devices. Two regioisomers of thiophene‐fused zinc naphthalocyanines ZnTNcendo and ZnTNcexo have been designed and synthesized to obtain photo‐ and electroactive liquid crystalline materials. Both compounds exhibited liquid crystalline behavior over a wide temperature range through intermolecular π–π interactions and local phase segregation between the aromatic cores and peripheral side chains. The structural differences between ZnTNcendo and ZnTNcexo affected the stacking mode in self‐assembled columns, as well as symmetry of the two‐dimensional rectangular columnar lattice. The columnar structure in liquid crystalline phase exhibited an ambipolar charge‐transport behavior.
Implications of Augmented Renal Clearance on Drug Dosing in Critically Ill Patients: A Focus on Antibiotics
Authors: Hobbs Athena L. V. , Shea Katherine M. , Roberts Kirsten M. , Daley Mitchell J. 
Published: November 2015

Augmented renal clearance (ARC) has been reported in approximately 30–65% of patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) despite the presence of a normal serum creatinine concentration. In certain ICU patient populations (e.g., patients with sepsis or trauma), the incidence increases to roughly 50–85%. Risk factors for ARC include the following: age younger than 50–55 years, male sex, higher diastolic blood pressure, fewer comorbidities, and a lower Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) or modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score at ICU admission. In addition, patient populations with the highest reported incidence of ARC include those with major trauma, sepsis, traumatic brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and central nervous system infection. Due to the high incidence of ARC in patients with a normal serum creatinine concentration, clinicians should consider screening ICU patients deemed high risk by using the ARC scoring system or the identification and assessment algorithm provided in this review. In addition, an 8‐hour continuous urine collection should be considered to assess a measured creatinine clearance for evaluating the necessity of medication dosage adjustments. There is a clear association between ARC and subtherapeutic antibiotic concentrations as well as literature suggesting worse clinical outcomes; thus, the risk of underdosing antibiotics in a patient with ARC could increase the risk of treatment failure. This review examines strategies to overcome ARC and summarizes current pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic literature in patients with ARC in an effort to provide dosing guidance for this patient population.
Influenza Antiviral Expenditures and Outpatient Prescriptions in the United States, 2003–2012
Authors: Suda Katie J. , Hunkler Robert J. , Matusiak Linda M. , Schumock Glen T. 
Published: November 2015

Study ObjectivesThe clinical efficacy and cost‐effectiveness of influenza antiviral use are controversial, with recent analyses suggesting potentially limited value. Thus, the objectives of this study were to describe influenza antiviral expenditures overall and by health care setting over a 10‐year period (2003–2012) and to assess the correlation between outpatient influenza antiviral prescription use and influenza‐like illness (ILI) outpatient visits.DesignRetrospective, cross‐sectional study.Data SourcesIMS Health National Sales Perspectives and Xponent databases and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ILINet national influenza surveillance system database.PatientsAll prescriptions for oseltamivir, rimantadine, or zanamivir from community pharmacies, mail order pharmacies, clinics, nonfederal hospitals, and other health care settings (federal hospitals, military facilities, jails and prisons, universities, staff‐model health maintenance organizations, veterinary hospitals and clinics, and long‐term care facilities) between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2012.Measurements and Main ResultsPrescribing rates were calculated (prescriptions/1000 persons) for each year from 2003 to 2012 by using U.S. Census Bureau data. Influenza season was defined as July 1–June 30 of each calendar year. Linear regression assessed the correlation between influenza antiviral expenditures, prescription use, and ILI diagnoses. From 2003 to 2012, influenza antiviral drug expenditures accounted for $3.74 billion, with the majority from community pharmacies. After adjusting for inflation, no growth was observed for expenditures. A total of 32.8 million influenza antiviral prescriptions were dispensed from community pharmacies during the study period, and these prescriptions experienced 133.2% growth from 2003 to 2012. One third of expenditures and one quarter of dispensed prescriptions were in 2009. Influenza seasons were correlated with ILI and antiviral prescriptions. Annual community pharmacy expenditures were also associated with influenza antiviral prescriptions dispensed over the 10‐year period.ConclusionInfluenza antivirals totaled $3.74 billion in the United States from 2003 to 2012, with the majority in 2009 and from community pharmacies. Influenza antivirals constituted a small proportion of total medication expenditures, but unforeseen pandemics resulted in unusually high use and expenditures. Influenza antiviral prescriptions dispensed from community pharmacies were associated with ILI and drug expenditures.
Monitoring Enoxaparin with Antifactor Xa Levels in Obese Patients
Authors: Lee Young R. , Vega Jose A. , Duong Hanh‐Nhi Q. , Ballew Austin 
Published: November 2015

Study ObjectivesTo characterize antifactor Xa peak levels (as therapeutic, subtherapeutic, and supratherapeutic) in morbidly obese patients receiving treatment doses of enoxaparin, using a therapeutic range of 0.5–1.1 units/ml, and to assess the occurrence of bleeding complications in these patients.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingCommunity hospital.PatientsNinety‐nine morbidly obese patients (body mass index [BMI] higher than 40 kg/m2 or total body weight more than 150 kg) who received at least three doses of the standard treatment dosage of enoxaparin and had steady‐state antifactor Xa peak levels between April 2009 and January 2014.Measurements and Main ResultsData were collected from patients' medical records on age, sex, height, weight, BMI, serum creatinine concentration, creatinine clearance (using lean body weight as well as adjusted body weight), antifactor Xa level, and time of blood collection for measurement of antifactor Xa level. Enoxaparin therapy was monitored by using antifactor Xa levels; steady‐state enoxaparin antifactor Xa levels were measured 4 hours after administration of the third dose for peak level monitoring. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients whose steady‐state antifactor Xa peak values were in the therapeutic (0.5–1.1 units/ml), subtherapeutic, and supratherapeutic ranges. The secondary outcome was occurrence of major bleeding. Univariate regression analysis was performed to identify the correlation between baseline patient characteristics and antifactor Xa levels. Most of the patients (50 [50.5%]) had supratherapeutic levels, 35 (35.4%) had levels within the therapeutic peak range (0.5–1.1 units/ml), and 14 (14.1%) had subtherapeutic levels. No bleeding was observed in any of the 99 patients. Univariate analysis revealed a negative association between antifactor Xa levels and serum creatinine concentration (r = −0.262, p=0.009).ConclusionBased on the results of this study, monitoring antifactor Xa levels is warranted to ensure the safety and efficacy of enoxaparin in the obese patient population (defined as a total body weight more than 150 kg or BMI higher than 40 kg/m2). Enoxaparin dose individualization and antifactor Xa level monitoring need further validation with clinical outcomes.