bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fentanyl novel derivative‐related deaths
Authors: Giorgetti Arianna , Centola Carmela , Giorgetti Raffaele 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveFentanyl (FEN) is a potent, synthetic narcotic used as an anaesthetic and a pain reliever, but also illegally manufactured. For diversion purpose, it is being steadily modified to produce new analogous compounds and derivatives (FENS), categorised as novel psychoactive substances. While potential FEN abuse is already known, even in the absence of a clear lethal dosage, there is still a shortage of data on its derivatives.MethodsA literature review of FENS‐related deaths was performed, to better understand potential damage and future perspectives of FEN congeners.ResultsEpidemiological data, pathological findings, administration routes, average concentrations and lethal doses, toxicological issues, trends in misuses, comparison among FENS, and possible explanation for FENS abuse are reviewed and discussed in depth.ConclusionsThis study provides a medical–legal and toxicological assessment of this phenomenon in order to understand the role of illegal fentanyl and its congeners in deaths from FENS overdose.
RNA Activation: A Diamond in the Rough for Genome Engineers
Authors: Vaschetto Luis María 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe ability to develop efficient and versatile technologies for manipulating gene expression is a fundamental issue both in biotechnology and therapeutics. The endogenous RNA interference (RNAi) pathway which mediates gene silencing was discovered at the end of the 20th century and it is nowadays considered as an essential strategy for knockdown of specific genes and for studying gene function. Remarkably, during the past decade, a RNA‐induced mechanism of gene activation has also been reported. Likewise RNAi, the RNA activation (RNAa) process is also mediated by sequence‐specific double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules, and interesting resemblances between both RNA‐based transcriptional mechanisms have been described. Small activating RNAs (saRNAs) and related molecules have been used for targeting of genes in species that are as different as nematodes and humans, and similar dsRNA‐induced activation phenomena have also been observed in plants. The aim of this letter is to highlight recent molecular insights into yet unexplored RNAa mechanism and its potential for manipulating transcriptional activity. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 247–249, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aluminum‐doped Zn1 − xMgxO as transparent conductive oxide of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2‐based solar cell for minimizing surface carrier recombination
Authors: Chantana Jakapan , Kato Takuya , Sugimoto Hiroki , Minemoto Takashi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA 19.5%‐efficient Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 (CIGSSe)‐based solar cell is obtained by replacing traditional CdS/ZnO buffer layers with Cd0.75Zn0.25S/Zn0.79Mg0.21O buffer layers for increasing short‐circuit current density because band‐gap energies of Cd0.75Zn0.25S and Zn0.79Mg0.21O are wider than those of CdS and ZnO, respectively. This yields the increase in external quantum efficiency in a short wavelength range of approximately 320 to 550 nm. Moreover, difference of conduction band minimum (EC) between Zn1 − xMgxO:Al (transparent conductive oxide, TCO) layer and CIGSSe absorber is optimized by varying [Mg]/([Mg] + [Zn]), x. It is revealed that Zn1 − xMgxO:Al films with [Mg]/([Mg] + [Zn]) in a range of 0.10 to 0.12, enhancing Eg from 3.72 to 3.76 eV, are appropriate as TCO because of their enhanced mobility and decreased carrier density. Addition of 12% Mg into ZnO:Al to form Zn0.88Mg0.12O:Al as TCO layer effectively decreases surface carrier recombination and improves photovoltaic parameters, especially open‐circuit voltage and fill factor. This is the first experimental proof of the concept for optimizing EC difference between TCO and absorber to minimize surface carrier recombination. Ultimately, conversion efficiency (η) of CIGSSe solar cell with alternative Cd0.75Zn0.25S/Zn0.79Mg0.21O/Zn0.88Mg0.12O:Al (TCO) layers is enhanced to 20.6%, owing to control of total EC alignment, which is higher η up to 12.6% relative as compared with the solar cell with traditional CdS/ZnO/ZnO:Al layers.
Oncologists', nurses', and social workers' strategies and barriers to identifying suicide risk in cancer patients
Authors: Granek Leeat , Nakash Ora , Ben‐David Merav , Shapira Shahar , Ariad Samuel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify oncologists', nurses', and social workers' strategies and barriers in identifying suicide risk in cancer patients.MethodsSixty‐one oncology healthcare professionals (HCPs) at 2 cancer centers were interviewed. We used the grounded theory method (GT) of data collection and analysis. Analysis involved line‐by‐line coding, and was inductive, with codes and categories emerging from participants' narratives.ResultsThe majority of oncologists and nurses reported that they had encountered at least 1 patient who had committed suicide during their careers (56% and 55%, respectively) and/or had suicidal ideation (65% and 75%, respectively). Social workers reported having fewer suicides in their practices (22%), but similar rates of suicidal ideation among patients (66%). Strategies to identifying suicide risk included paying attention to patients' verbal indicators, explicit actions, and mental health distress. In addition HCPs reported that mental health disorders and other patient characteristics increased their likelihood to assess suicidality among patients. Reported barriers to identification included patient factors such as patients giving no warning, patients concealing suicidality, and patients failing to come in. HCP barriers to identification included lack of training and awareness, difficulty in differentiating suicidality from mental health distress, lack of time with patients, fear of asking about suicidality, and lack of coping resources to deal with suicidal patients.ConclusionsHCPs reports of their lack of training and awareness on identifying suicide risk is alarming given the higher risk of suicide among cancer patients. Training programs should incorporate the successful strategies used by HCPs and overcome barriers to identifying suicide risk.
Cancer‐related disease factors and smoking cessation treatment: Analysis of an ongoing clinical trial
Authors: Carroll Allison J. , Veluz‐Wilkins Anna K. , Blazekovic Sonja , Kalhan Ravi , Leone Frank T. , Wileyto E. Paul , Schnoll Robert A. , Hitsman Brian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveSmoking cessation treatment should be an important aspect of cancer care. In this study, we evaluated whether cancer‐related disease factors adversely influence smoking cessation treatment.MethodsSmokers with cancer (within 5 years of diagnosis, any tumor site) were recruited for an ongoing trial of varenicline for smoking cessation. Disease factors, assessed at baseline, included tumor site, cancer treatment, time since diagnosis, and health‐related quality of life. Medication adherence was defined by 132 of 165 pills taken and counseling adherence was defined by 4 of 4 behavioral counseling sessions attended. Abstinence was bioverified at Week 12. Using logistic regression analysis, we assessed the relationship between disease factors and 12‐week medication adherence, counseling adherence, and abstinence.ResultsOf 144 participants, 56% were medication adherent, 74% were counseling adherent, and 39% were abstinent. Health‐related quality of life predicted medication adherence (OR: 1.08, 95% CI, 1.01‐1.16, P = .019, d = 0.20) but not counseling adherence or 12‐week abstinence. Tumor site, cancer treatment, and time since diagnosis did not predict any smoking cessation treatment outcomes.ConclusionsCancer‐related disease factors did not predict cancer survivors' engagement or success in smoking cessation treatment. Findings support National Comprehensive Cancer Network Clinical Practice guidelines that recommend smoking cessation treatment for all smokers with cancer, regardless of time since diagnosis.
Paralog-Divergent Features May Help Reduce Off-Target Effects of Drugs: Hints from Glucagon Subfamily Analysis
Authors: Sa Zhining , Zhou Jingqi , Zou Yangyun , Su Zhixi , Gu Xun 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Side effects from targeted drugs remain a serious concern. One reason is the nonselective binding of a drug to unintended proteins such as its paralogs, which are highly homologous in sequences and have similar structures and drug-binding pockets. To identify targetable differences between paralogs, we analyzed two types (type-I and type-II) of functional divergence between two paralogs in the known target protein receptor family G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) at the amino acid level. Paralogous protein receptors in glucagon-like subfamily, glucagon receptor (GCGR) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), exhibit divergence in ligands and are clinically validated drug targets for type 2 diabetes. Our data showed that type-II amino acids were significantly enriched in the binding sites of antagonist MK-0893 to GCGR, which had a radical shift in physicochemical properties between GCGR and GLP-1R. We also examined the role of type-I amino acids between GCGR and GLP-1R. The divergent features between GCGR and GLP-1R paralogs may be helpful in their discrimination, thus enabling the identification of binding sites to reduce undesirable side effects and increase the target specificity of drugs.
Preliminary aerodynamic design methodology for aero engine lean direct injection combustors
Authors: Li J. , Sun X. , Liu Y. , Sethi V. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe Lean Direct Injection (LDI) combustor is one of the low-emissions combustors with great potential in aero-engine applications, especially those with high overall pressure ratio. A preliminary design tool providing basic combustor sizing information and qualitative assessment of performance and emission characteristics of the LDI combustor within a short period of time will be of great value to designers. In this research, the methodology of preliminary aerodynamic design for a second-generation LDI (LDI-2) combustor was explored. A computer code was developed based on this method covering the design of air distribution, combustor sizing, diffuser, dilution holes and swirlers. The NASA correlations for NOxemissions are also embedded in the program in order to estimate the NOx production of the designed LDI combustor. A case study was carried out through the design of an LDI-2 combustor named as CULDI2015 and the comparison with an existing rich-burn, quick-quench, lean-burn combustor operating at identical conditions. It is discovered that the LDI combustor could potentially achieve a reduction in liner length and NOxemissions by 18% and 67%, respectively. A sensitivity study on parameters such as equivalence ratio, dome and passage velocity and fuel staging is performed to investigate the effect of design uncertainties on both preliminary design results and NOxproduction. A summary on the variation of design parameters and their impact is presented. The developed tool is proved to be valuable to preliminarily evaluate the LDI combustor performance and NOxemission at the early design stage.
Experimental investigation of the onset of sand deposits on Hastelloy-X between 1,000°C and 1,100°C
Authors: Boulanger A. , Hutchinson J. , Ng W.F. , Ekkad S.V. , Keefe M.J. , Xu W. , Barker B. , Hsu K. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTDeposit formation on turbine hardware in propulsion turbine engines can occur in many arid regions globally. Characterising crystalline deposits on metallic substrates can aid in component resilience and health monitor algorithms during particle ingestion. This study has developed two statistical empirical models for prediction from acquired experimental data for the onset of deposits. The prediction models are for crystalline particulate (Arizona Road Test Dust) deposits on a flat rectangular Hastelloy-X test coupon. Particle impingement angles varied between 20° and 80° in experimental flow temperatures of 1,000–1,100°C. Averaged deposits are methodically quantified through normalised particle deposit tallies per area and percent coverage of the surface using microscopic imaging and image processing programs. Deposit accumulation is a quadratic function of both near-surface coupon temperature and coupon angle.
EPISTEMOLOGY OF TONE: AN OBITUARY FOR JULIEN JALÂL ED-DINE WEISS
Authors: Pohlit Stefan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuring the 1980s, Julien Jalâl Ed-Dine Weiss, founder of the Al-Kindi ensemble of Aleppo, invented a qānūn in just intonation with which he attempted to solve a major discrepancy between the theory and practice of maqām-scales. Weiss objected to the introduction of Western standards, observing that they distort the significance of interval ratios and prevent a comparative understanding of the modal system as a transnational phenomenon. In the twentieth century, the implementation of equal-semitone temperament emerged simultaneously with a notable invasion of sociological criteria into musical inquiry. The polarity observed between westernisation and tradition can be seen most visibly in the present search for identity amongst Middle- and Near-Eastern musicians, but this schismogenic process can also be observed in the history of the Western avant-garde, where microtonal explorations have been halted in favour of extra-musical conceptuality. While cross-cultural musicians are faced with a new climate of distrust, it seems most likely that the principles that draw us apart may originate in the very patterns of thought in which our notion of culture operates. Weiss's tuning system may serve as a helpful tool to foster a new and universal epistemology of tone, bridging and transcending the apparent contradictions between the two spheres.
The Use of Models as Written Corrective Feedback in English as a Foreign Language (EFL)Writing
Authors: García Mayo María del Pilar , Labandibar Udane Loidi 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe language learning potential of writing has been an underresearched topic in the English as a foreign language (EFL) context. The present study investigates what Basque-Spanish EFL teenage learners (n = 60) notice when writing a composition in response to visual stimuli in a three-stage writing task including output, comparison, and delayed revision. The present study also explores how this noticing and feedback processing affects their subsequent revisions. The findings revealed that participants noticed mainly lexical problems, although they also paid attention to content features. Moreover, more proficient learners and guided learners noticed more features. A qualitative analysis of the results indicated that, overall, learners had a negative attitude toward writing and modeling, but those with more positive beliefs incorporated more items in subsequent revisions. A number of implications for research and pedagogy will be discussed.
Agricultural water allocation efficiency in a developing country canal irrigation system
Authors: Akram Agha Ali , Mendelsohn Robert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThere is ample evidence that canal systems often fail to reach their design capacity. This study argues that inefficient allocation of water within canals is one cause. This study collects precise measures of farm-level water withdrawals using flow meters in a canal in Pakistan. These data reveal that farmers near the head of the canal get more canal water than farmers near the tail, even accounting for conveyance efficiency. The results suggest that improvements in canal water management would yield efficiency gains for the canal.
Who Supports Suicide Terrorism in Bangladesh? What the Data Say
Authors: Fair C. Christine , Hamza Ali , Heller Rebecca 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBangladesh, one of the world's largest Muslim countries, is generally viewed as a success story with a strong tradition of secular democracy. Unfortunately, this assertion rests on a weak empirical foundation. Since becoming independent from Pakistan in 1971, democracy and secularism have been consistently undermined. Moreover, since 2000 Bangladesh has experienced more than 100 incidents of Islamist terrorism. More recently, the Islamic State and Al-Qaeda Indian Subcontinent have assaulted religious and ethnic minorities as well as secular and liberal activists. While these turns of events are alarming, Islamist militancy in Bangladesh remains understudied. In this article, we address this lacuna by undertaking regression analysis of recent Pew Research Center survey data to exposit the determinants of popular support of Islamist terrorism. With this study, we hope other scholars will be motivated to turn their attention to this increasingly important state.
Oxidative stress induced by UVA photoactivation of the tryptophan UVB photoproduct 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) inhibits nucleotide excision repair in human cells
Authors: Brem Reto , Macpherson Peter , Guven Melisa , Karran Peter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPotentially mutagenic DNA lesions induced by UVB (wavelengths 280–320 nm) are important risk factors for solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation-induced skin cancer. The carcinogenicity of the more abundant UVA (320–400 nm) is less well understood but is generally regarded to reflect its interaction with cellular chromophores that act as photosensitisers. The arylhydrocarbon receptor agonist 6-formylindolo[3,2-b] carbazole (FICZ), is a UVB photoproduct of tryptophan and a powerful UVA chromophore. Combined with UVA, FICZ generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induces oxidative DNA damage. Here we demonstrate that ROS generated by FICZ/UVA combinations also cause extensive protein damage in HaCaT human keratinocytes. We show that FICZ/UVA-induced oxidation significantly inhibits the removal of potentially mutagenic UVB-induced DNA photolesions by nucleotide excision repair (NER). DNA repair inhibition is due to FICZ/UVA-induced oxidation damage to the NER proteome and DNA excision repair is impaired in extracts prepared from FICZ/UVA-treated cells. NER protects against skin cancer. As a likely UVB photoproduct of intracellular tryptophan, FICZ represents a de facto endogenous UVA photosensitiser in sun-exposed skin. FICZ formation may increase the risk of solar UV-induced skin cancer by promoting photochemical damage to the NER proteome and thereby preventing the removal of UVB-induced DNA lesions.
Six‐channel diplexer with compact size and high isolation
Authors: Li Qun , Zhang Yonghong 
Published: June 2017

A six‐channel microstrip diplexer with compact size and high isolation is presented. The six‐channel diplexer includes two pairs of multimode resonators with a pseudo‐interdigital structure and a distributed coupling feeding line. Modal characteristics of the multimode resonator are explained by the even‐odd‐mode method. The centre frequencies of channel filters can be controlled independently, while bandwidths can be determined by the coupling coefficient and external quality factor. The distributed coupling feeding line has advantages of size reduction and small loading effect. Therefore, each channel filter can be designed independently. Moreover, the distributed coupling feeding line forms the zero degree feeding structure which can bring transmission zeros to realise high isolation. Finally, a six‐channel diplexer prototype working at the centre frequencies of 1.8, 2.4, 3.0, 3.8, 4.7 and 5.8 GHz with over 30 dB isolation is fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results show a good agreement.
Monte Carlo sampling for stochastic weight functions
Authors: Frenkel Daan , Schrenk K. Julian , Martiniani Stefano 
Published: June 2017

Significance
Markov chain Monte Carlo is the method of choice for sampling high-dimensional (parameter) spaces. The method requires knowledge of the weight function (or likelihood function) determining the probability that a state is observed. However, in many numerical applications the weight function itself is fluctuating. Here, we present an approach capable of tackling this class of problems by rigorously sampling states proportionally to the average value of their fluctuating likelihood. We demonstrate that the method is capable of computing the volume of a basin of attraction defined by stochastic dynamics as well as being an efficient method to identify a transition state along a known reaction coordinate. We briefly discuss how the method might be extended to experimental settings.
Using a Simulation of a Frustrated Faculty Member During Department Chair Searches: A Proof of Concept Project
Authors: Shapiro Daniel E. , Abbott Lisa M. , Wolpaw Daniel R. , Green Michael J. , Levi Benjamin H. 
Published: June 2017

Problem
Vitae reviews, interviews, presentations, and reference checks are typical components of searches used to screen and select new department chairs/heads, but these strategies may fail to identify leaders who can communicate effectively with faculty in common, tense situations.

Approach
Between May 2015 and November 2016, the authors piloted simulation scenarios in four department chair searches at Penn State College of Medicine/Penn State Health to assess candidates’ skill at handling common, challenging situations with faculty members. In the scenarios, a frustrated faculty member complains that he/she has too little time for academic pursuits. Candidates were provided the scenario approximately two weeks in advance. They were asked to explain their goals prior to the 10-minute simulation, do the simulation, and then debrief with the search committees, who observed the interactions.

Outcomes
Approximately two-thirds (20/29; 69.0%) of candidates were judged to have successfully passed the simulation and were ultimately advanced. In most cases, the simulations revealed wide variation in candidates’ style, substance, and even underlying values that were not otherwise identified through the other parts of the recruitment and screening process. In some cases, candidates who performed well during group and individual interviews did poorly during simulations.

Next Steps
The authors will build a larger pool of simulation scenario cases, create a rubric, and formally measure interrater reliability. They will study whether the strategy successfully identifies chairs who will be skilled at navigating common faculty challenges, and if this skill results in greater faculty satisfaction, engagement, and retention.
Experimenting with reproducibility in bioinformatics
Authors: Kim Yang-Min , Poline Jean-Baptiste , Dumas Guillaume 
Published: June 2017

AbstractReproducibility has been shown to be limited in many scientific fields. This question is a fundamental tenet of the scientific activity, but the related issues of reusability of scientific data are poorly documented. Here, we present a case study of our attempt to reproduce a promising bioinformatics method [1] and illustrate the challenges to use a published method for which code and data were available. First, we tried to re-run the analysis with the code and data provided by the authors. Second, we reimplemented the method in Python to avoid dependency on a MATLAB licence and ease the execution of the code on HPCC (High-Performance Computing Cluster). Third, we assessed reusability of our reimplementation and the quality of our documentation. Then, we experimented with our own software and tested how easy it would be to start from our implementation to reproduce the results, hence attempting to estimate the robustness of the reproducibility. Finally, in a second part, we propose solutions from this case study and other observations to improve reproducibility and research efficiency at the individual and collective level.Availabilitylast version of StratiPy (Python) with two examples of reproducibility are available at GitHub [2].Contactyang-min.kim@pasteur.fr