bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seismic Assessments for Offshore Shallow Foundations in Carbonate Sediments
Authors: O'Driscoll D. , Yamamoto N. , Amodio A. , Bransby M. F. , Erbrich C. T. , Westgate Z. J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a methodology for the cost-effective seismic geotechnical design of shallow foundations for typical subsea structures in carbonate sediments. This methodology is focused on the particular design issues experienced in these soils and so the methodology includes the calculation of: (i) seismic shear stress and excess pore pressures induced in the soil column during a seismic event; (ii) post-seismic foundation settlement, which can be a governing design criterion in carbonate sediments due to their compressibility; (iii) bearing capacity during the seismic event allowing for appropriate strength degradation under the cyclic seismic load. Finally, the paper discusses conditions where the underlying 1-D shaking assumption of the simplified approach is not appropriate, with an example of a high aspect ratio subsea structure where 2-D and 3-D dynamic analyses were performed.
Remote Real-Time Subsea Monitoring Systems
Authors: Manalang Dana , Cram Geoff , Harrington Michael , Tilley James , McRae Eric , Harkins Gary , McGinnis Tim , Milcic Matthew , Delaney John , Kelley Deborah , Feldman Ken 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In Oct, 2014, installation of the largest North American scientific cabled observatory was completed. The Cabled Array portion of the Ocean Observatories Initiative, funded by the U.S. National Science Foundation and implemented by the University of Washington, consists of over 850 km of fiber optic and electrical cables, 7 primary nodes, 18 seafloor junction boxes, 3 mooring-mounted winched profiling systems, 3 rechargeable wire-crawling profiler systems and 140 science instruments. The primary nodes and backbone cables, installed using standard telecommunications industry practices and designed to last a quarter century, bring unprecedented power and bandwidth to remote seafloor locations. Meanwhile, the modular, ROV-serviceable secondary infrastructure branches power and communications in support of instrumentation throughout the water column. The modular design of the secondary infrastructure provides the capacity to expand the cabled network well beyond its initial footprint. To facilitate full shore-based operations, a suite of management software was developed for network configuration, power control, port monitoring, system condition monitoring, configuring alarms, and troubleshooting. These systems are part of a growing new trend of real-time remote ocean monitoring, or interactive observatory-class, systems.
The purpose-built observatory-class systems for the OOI Cabled Array's long-term sub-sea monitoring operations provide a modular framework capable of adapting to many applications and scales. All secondary infrastructure equipment, including cables up to 5 km, were deployed by a work class ROV and configured to fit multiple site geometries and environments, from soft sediments to volcanic crust. Seafloor nodes, or junction boxes, deliver up to 200 Watts to each of 8 instrument ports, and can be daisy-chained for expansion. Real-time controllable winched profilers routinely perform multiple 200 m vertical profiles daily, and can be docked as needed to accommodate operations in the water column above. A 3500-meter rated wire-crawling profiler samples the entire water column and recharges at a cabled seafloor docking station. While each system is tailored to its specific mission, all components of the secondary infrastructure: 1) enable remote shore-based operation of deployed equipment, 2) allow for real or near-real time data collection and system control, and 3) are synchronized to a GPS-based clock. These key attributes of interactive observatory-class systems unlock several possibilities for subsea systems, including immediate responses to detected events, accurate time-based comparisons of spatially-varying data sets, synchronized operations over an extended area, and shore-based control of remote resident infrastructure.
Implementation and Challenges of a SIL 3 Subsea HIPPS
Authors: Hernandez Robert , Patel Rahul , Attaway Timothy , Shah Vinanti , Asi Suresh 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A subsea HIPPS (High Integrity Pressure Protection System) is an effective tool to reduce the overall CAPEX of a system by limiting the pressure downstream equipment may experience. While there are challenges associated with implementing this system, proper HIPPS design focuses on the safety and reliability of the entire system from reservoir to topsides. A HIPPS can allow the integration of high pressure wells into low pressure systems, thus expanding the capabilities and life of equipment that may already exist. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the HIPPS, rigorous testing and compliance with regulatory bodies are necessary.
This paper presents a summary of the design criteria of a subsea HIPPS, the benefits of proper HIPPS implementation, and the challenges that must be met. Despite these challenges, it is both plausible and feasible to integrate future high-pressure systems into low-pressure systems by implementing a HIPPS to protect against the overpressure of low-pressure equipment.
Pipeline Walking Mitigation by Anchor In-Line Structures With the Use of a Hybrid Subsea Foundation
Authors: Demel Jasmina , Wallerand Regis , Rebours Nicolas , Cafi Mersina , Grelon Florent , Mencarelli Guy , Gioielli Paulo , Olayera Olanrewaju 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a novel, flexible, and economic solution used to mitigate anticipated pipeline walking of a flowline on a deepwater development, offshore West Africa, in about 1000 m of water depth. Aspects from conceptual, design, fabrication and installation are presented for this recently used anchoring solution.
The most common way to mitigate pipeline walking in the Deepwater offshore industry has been holding the flowline from the end opposite to the displacement, which, given the magnitude of the forces involved, can lead to unpractical and noneconomic anchoring solutions.
An alternative, developed for this Project, has been to identify midline positions to anchor the flowline and let the ends free to expand. This has the beneficial effect of considerably reducing the forces involved and thus allows the use of a more efficient anchoring structure with a Hybrid Foundation.
A Hybrid Foundation is the combination of a skirted shallow foundation (so called mudmat) and pin-piles added at each corner of the mudmat. The adjunction of pin-piles increases the holding capacity of the single skirted mudmat by a factor of about 3, which falls then within the range of the anchoring forces required at midline positions along the flowline.
These anchoring structures are installed simultaneously in-line by the pipelay vessel. Pin-piles can be separately installed by a light construction vessel with the assistance of simple clump-weights. This has a major benefit on the installation sequence and the overall schedule.
The present paper focuses on the selection of the mitigation concept, on geotechnical and structural analyses of the Hybrid Subsea Foundation (HSF), and provides feedback from the recent installation campaign.
New Marine Seismic Refraction Technology and Survey Techniques: From Concept to Completion Offshore Mozambique, East Africa, 2015
Authors: Hawkins Lisa , Dunn Shane , Hermosilha Helder 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The discovery of natural gas offshore Cabo Delgado Province, Mozambique, East Africa has garnered much attention. The block's operators are looking to transport the natural gas ashore via pipeline to what is expected to be among the world's largest LNG parks. The presence of sub-marine canyons including a carbonate escarpment make the geologic conditions complex.
To assess the feasibility of contouring or excavating the edge of the undersea cliffs, a seismic refraction survey was required to determine the P wave velocity structure of the escarpment. These measurements are critical for determining equipment and methods for excavating and dredging work. Nearly all dredging surveys and operations are carried out in water depths of less than 50 meters. As a result, refraction equipment and professional expertise is limited to shallow water surveys.
In order to obtain velocity information at greater depths, new technology and survey techniques were developed.
Surface-towed seismic arrays were not an option due to offset requirements necessary to achieve critical refraction in deeper water. Furthermore, a surface-towed refraction array would be unlikely to resolve thin sediment layers overlying the escarpment's limestone. The logical option was to design a refraction spread capable of being towed near the seabed and able to resolve layering at the meter scale. The result was the development and implementation of a deep-tow sparker source and hybrid hydrophone streamer and bottom tow cable array.
The key aspect of the equipment's design was a decision to depart from pneumatic sound sources. Airguns were deemed unacceptable for a number of reasons: –Airgun performance concerns at &gt;100m depths.–Concerns regarding the impact of the hydrostatic pressure on source characteristics and what affect the bubble pulse would have in the data.–Concerns regarding air-hose lengths needed to deployed to &gt;100m depths.–A larger vessel would be required since a shot interval of 3m would tax air production.–Our commitment to minimize impacts on the environment and wildlife.
A specially designed sparker as the source was deployed from a small vessel of opportunity. This eliminated the need for compressors, air-hoses, etc. A new streamer design and towing was also developed. During refraction surveying hydrophone streamers are frequently towed very near the seafloor. This introduces substantial noise into the data and can only be done safely on smooth, sandy/muddy substrates. The escarpment's surface was highly irregular with boulders and ledges. Thus, a cable design was employed where the active hydrophone was suspended just above the seafloor. This reduced noise associated with cable drag.
In 2015, the newly developed kit successfully acquired refraction data across the escarpment with excellent environmental and operational performance. The tomography-software processed data produced useful models of the escarpment's P wave velocity structure.
Zit je te denken of ben je aan het piekeren?
Authors: Lemmens Maarten 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Persistence in the synchronic use of prepositional and postural progressive constructions in Dutch

This article presents a corpus-based comparison of the two most frequent progressive constructions in Dutch: the prepositional construction aan het INF zijn ‘be at the INF’ (PREP-progressive) and the posture verb construction liggen/zitten/staan te INF ‘lie/sit/stand to INF’ (POS-progressive). Both constructions have in common that they cannot occur with stative verbs, both are grammaticalised constructions with locative origins, and both can often occur with the same verbs. However, we argue that each construction has its own semantic profile: the PREP-progressive has a processual profile, zooming in on the ongoing process itself, whereas the POS-progressive has a situational profile, typically locating the ongoing process in a well-described spatio-temporal frame. This profile is in fact a relic from their original postural use; as such, the POS-progressive provides a good illustration of Hopper’s (1991) persistence principle.
Emancipatie van affixen en affixoïden
Authors: Norde Muriel , Van Goethem Kristel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Emancipation of affixes and affixoids: degrammaticalization or lexicalization?

Dutch is particularly rich in derivational morphology. It features a range of productive affixes and affixoids (morphemes which have a specialized meaning when used in compounds). In this paper we review different processes of emancipation (debonding) of both affixes and affixoids. Using a predefined set of criteria, based in part on Lehmann’s parameters of grammaticalization, we outline morphological, syntactic and semantic characteristics of different affixes and affixoids that have undergone varying degrees of emancipation. The analysis shows that these parameters may be set differently in different morphological constructions, and also that they interact with one another in intricate ways. Some bound morphemes can only take scope over a phrase, whereas others come to be used as a free morpheme, which implies morphosyntactic changes as well as a change in semantics, e.g. hyperonymy or specialization. From the qualitative analysis based on our criteria it emerges that debonding of derivational affixes and affixoids is neither degrammaticalization nor lexicalization, but rather a process sui generis.
Estimation for Wrapped Zero Inflated Poisson and Wrapped Poisson Distributions
Authors: Thavaneswaran Aerambamoorthy , Mandal Saumen , Pathmanathan Dharini 
Published: April 2016

There has been a growing interest in discrete circular models such as wrapped zero inflated Poisson and wrapped Poisson distributions and the trigonometric moments (see Brobbey et al., 2016 and Girija et al., 2014). Also, characteristic functions of stable processes have been used to study the estimation of the model parameters using estimating function approach (see Thavaneswaran et al., 2013). One difficulty in estimating the circular mean and the resultant mean length parameter of wrapped Poisson (WP) or wrapped zero inflated Poisson (WZIP) is that neither the likelihood of WP/WZIP random variable nor the score function is available in closed form, which leads one to use either trigonometric method of moment estimation (TMME) or an estimating function approach. In this paper, we study the estimation of WZIP distribution and WP distribution using estimating functions and obtain the closed form expression of the information matrix. We also derive the asymptotic distribution of the tangent of the mean direction for both the WZIP and WP distributions.
Reducing Hepatocyte Injury and Necrosis in Response to Paracetamol Using Noncoding RNAs
Authors: Szkolnicka Dagmara , Lucendo-Villarin Baltasar , Moore Joanna K. , Simpson Kenneth J. , Forbes Stuart J. , Hay David C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

The liver performs multiple functions within the human body. It is composed of numerous cell types, which play important roles in organ physiology. Our study centers on the major metabolic cell type of the liver, the hepatocyte, and its susceptibility to damage during drug overdose. In these studies, hepatocytes were generated from a renewable and genetically defined resource. In vitro-derived hepatocytes were extensively profiled and exposed to varying levels of paracetamol and plasma isolated from liver-failure patients, with a view to identifying noncoding microRNAs that could reduce drug- or serum-induced hepatotoxicity. We identified a novel anti-microRNA, which reduced paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and glutathione depletion. Additionally, we identified a prosurvival role for anti-microRNA-324 following exposure to plasma collected from liver failure patients. We believe that these studies represent an important advance for the field, demonstrating the power of stem cell-derived systems to model human biology “in a dish” and identify novel noncoding microRNAs, which could be translated to the clinic in the future.

Significance
The liver performs vital functions within the human body and is composed of numerous cell types. The major metabolic cell type of the liver, the hepatocyte, is susceptible to damage during drug overdose. In these studies, hepatocytes were generated from a renewable resource and exposed to varying levels of paracetamol, with a view to identifying interventions that could reduce or attenuate drug-induced liver toxicity. A novel noncoding RNA that reduced paracetamol-induced hepatocyte toxicity was identified. These findings may represent an important advance for the field.
Successful application of thrombolysis and angioplasty in case of mechanical aortic valve and coronary graft thrombosis
Authors: Norkienė Ieva , Kažukauskienė Ieva , Samalavičius Robertas , Ručinskas Kęstutis 
Published: April 2016

Prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) is a rare and fatal complication requiring immediate treatment. Optimal management of the left-sided obstructive PVT is still controversial and depends on patient’s status, estimated risk of surgery, thrombus location and size, and clinician’s experience. We report a case of a 71-year-old woman, presenting with signs of cardiogenic shock. Transesophageal echoscopy was used to diagnose acute obstructive thrombosis of the mechanical aortic valve. Concomitant coronary graft thrombosis was suspected due to signs of acute myocardial infarction. Thrombolysis with alteplase and subsequent stenting of the venous graft lead to successful resolution of the thrombotic lesions and a favourable patient outcome. Fibrinolytic therapy followed by angioplasty is a rational treatment alternative for inoperable or high risk patients in the case of concomitant mechanical valve and graft thrombosis.
FFR guided PCI on long coronary lesions: 2-year clinical results with 2nd or newer generation DES
Authors: Baranauskas Arvydas , Bajoras Vilhelmas , Budrys Povilas , Laucevičius Aleksandras , Davidavičius Giedrius 
Published: April 2016

Background. Despite improvements in drug-eluting stent (DES) technology, treatment strategies for long coronary artery lesions remain a controversial issue. The aim of our study was to evaluate the long-term clinical results after FFR guided PCI on long coronary lesions.
Materials and methods. A total of 74 consecutive patients with significant (mean FFR 0.61 ± 0.11) coronary artery lesions ≥30 mm in length were included in the prospective study. All patients were treated with FFR guided PCI implanting newer generation Biolimus, Everolimus or Zotarolimus eluting stents. Clinical endpoints – target vessel revascularization (TVR) and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) – were recorded at 1 and 2 years.
Results. 100% angiographic procedure success was achieved, the mean post procedural FFR was 0.88 ± 0.06. At 2-year follow-up, 6 (8.1%) patients had ischemia driven TVR, all within the first 12 months. There were no target vessel related acute coronary syndromes and definite stent thromboses in the study group. At 2 years, the total MACE rate was 29.7%. There was a trend towards a higher TVR rate in patients with overlapping DES vs single DES implanted (9.6 vs 4.5%, p = 0.6). On regression analysis, the total stent length had no influence on the TVR rate.
Conclusions. At 2 years after stenting long coronary lesions with newer generation DES the TVR rate was 8.1%, which is acceptable in the high cardiovascular risk population with diffuse coronary artery disease. The total stent length did not affect the long-term clinical outcomes.
The changes of radiotherapy in Lithuania: infrastructure, utilization rate, and cost
Authors: Mineikytė Ramunė , Janulionis Ernestas , Atkočius Vydmantas , Jaruševičius Laimonas , Plieskienė Aista , Gečas Jonas 
Published: April 2016

Background. The aim of this study was to evaluate radiation therapy (RT) productivity, capacity, and cost in Lithuania.
Materials and methods. An electronic questionnaire was prepared and sent to the country’s RT centres. The data was collected for the years 2011–2014. The early data of the RT infrastructure was obtained from the QUARTS Project (2001).
Results. In Lithuania the external beam RT was applied to 32.6% of new cancer cases (non-melanomatous skin cancer and benign conditions were excluded). In 2014, RT was more frequently applied for breast and prostate carcinomas, 23 and 20%, respectively. The country owned 11 units of linear accelerators (linacs) and this accounts for 3.7 linacs per one million population. 3D conformal RT is the standard approach in all four RT centres in Lithuania. IMRT practices were established in three centers and VMAT or stereotactic RT in two of them. 73% of linacs were capable of IGRT, while only 27% were equipped with CBCT. The average linac workload was 567 patients per year and showed a 10% decrease compared with the 2011 data. During a ten-year period, the average cost per patient for RT treatment increased 7.6 times – from EUR 129 to 974. The reimbursement system in Lithuania is not favourable for application of RT.
Conclusions. During the recent thirteen years, RT services in Lithuania have dramatically improved, but we are still behind the average of European countries and benchmark rates. It is important to continue optimising the efficiency of RT services, and further evidence-based studies on RT infrastructure assessment and planning are needed.
Response preparation and intra-individual reaction time variability in schizophrenia
Authors: Dankinas Denisas , Mėlynytė Sigita , Šiurkutė Aldona , Dapšys Kastytis 
Published: April 2016

Background. It is important to prepare response in advance to increase the efficiency of its execution. The process of response preparation is usually studied using the precueing paradigm. In this paradigm subjects have to employ the preceding information about further imperative stimulus to perform proper response preparation, which shortens the reaction time of subsequent response execution. Previous studies detected the impairment of response preparation in schizophrenia only with the help of electroencephalographic parameters, but not with the assessing of reaction time. Therefore, in this study we attempted to find a behavioural parameter that could detect impairment in response preparation of schizophrenia patients. It was recently found that appropriate response preparation not only shortens the reaction time but also increases its stability, which is measured with the intra-individual reaction time variability. It was also revealed that response stability could better find cognitive dysfunction in some studies of schizophrenia disorder than classical behavioural parameters. Hence, the main goal of this study was to verify if intra-individual reaction time variability could detect the impairment of response preparation in schizophrenia patients.
Materials and methods. In order to achieve the main purpose, we carried out a study with 14 schizophrenia patients and 14 control group subjects. We used precueing paradigm in our research, in which participants had to employ information about stimulus probability for the proper response preparation.
Results. Our main result showed that despite the responses of schizophrenia patients were faster to the high-probability stimulus than to the low-probability one (F (1, 13) = 30.9, p
“She isn’t Someone I Associate with Pension”—a Vignette Study of Professional Reasoning
Authors: Møller Marie Østergaard 
Published: April 2016

What drives frontline workers’ categorization of clients in rule-based settings with a large room for discretion? The literature on street-level bureaucracy offers a structural description of discretion that emphasizes working conditions, policy goals, personal preferences, client pressure and professional norms. However, in order to explain why frontline workers with the same room for discretion categorize clients differently, a theory of an epistemic understanding of discretion may contribute to this literature. Based on a vignette study of 24 interviews with Danish caseworkers, the analysis shows how professional reasoning, rules, and social stereotypes inform categorization and discretion. The findings indicate that caseworkers’ categorizations of clients are less responsive to clients’ needs and more sensitive to administrative reasoning when clients are associated with stereotypes of need. In addition, the analysis contributes to the theory of categorization and discretion in lower levels of government Keywords: Categorization, discretion, professionalism, stereotypes of need