bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sejarah Tradisi Tulis Dalam Masyarakat Sasak Lombok
Authors: Jamaluddin Jamaluddin 
Published: February 2016

A great number of classical intellectual treatises, usually called manuscripts, can be found in Lombok, an island in West Nusa Tenggara province. All the manuscripts indicate that writing tradition has been growing in this island since a long time ago. Of many factors influenced the growing of that tradition is trade relationship between Lombok traders and those from other islands. Some significant contributions can be traced through languages ever used in oral communication and in works produced in the community i.e. Sasak, Java, Bali, and Malay, Sanskrit, Arabics. The relationship also contributed to rising intellectual activity and enriching contents of the manuscripts.
This article observes historical sides of the writing tradition by providing historical data, epigraphs and other supporting resources that made the writing tradition exist.
The article tradition in Sasak community is predicted to have been started since the Sasak people recognized writing system, and have developed hundreds of years ago, producing thousands of manuscripts in some different languages, titles and forms.The writing systems used were varied such as old Javanese, Arab, Bali and Bugis. And the languages used were old Java, Java, Bali, Arabic and Malay. This indicates that, long time ago, Sasak people had made contact with people from many parts of this archipelago like Bali, Java, Malay and even Celebes (Bugis).
Comparative Assessment of Lupeol in Wild plant and In Vitro Callus Culture of Hemidesmus indicus by HPLC Technique
Authors: Prasanna Purohit  , Ritu Thakur Bais  , Pratibha Singh  , Shagufta Khan  
Published: February 2016

Medicinal plants are used as traditional medicines throughout the world for thousands of years and continue to provide new remedies to mankind. Plants are one of the richest sources of secondary metabolites. The roots of Hemidesmus indicus served as the remedy for leprosy, syphilis, leucoderma, asthma, dysentery, fever and blood, kidney and urinary diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the quantity of lupeol present in callus and wild plant extract of Hemidesmus indicus. The root callus was initiated on MS medium fortified with varied concentrations and combination of different auxins like, 2-4 Dichloro acetic acids (2-4D), napthalene acetic acid (NAA) and cytokinin like, kinetin (Kn) in 250 ml culture flasks. The content of lupeol in callus and root extracts was analyzed by HPLC technique. The highest percentage of callus induction (88.00 %) was observed in MS medium (C7) containing 1.0 mg/l NAA with highest callus growth in terms of fresh weight (946.48±6.6) which resulted in soft friable callus. The callus produced by C7 was used selected for further study. The HPLC study revealed that the quantity of lupeol present in callus extract was more compared to the wild plant extract of Hemidesmus indicus.
Comparative Estimation of Plumbagin in Aerial and Root Part of Plumbago zeylanica Using UV-Visible Spectrophotometric
Authors: Bharti Dohare  , Bharti Jain  , Swati Khare  , Kirti Jain  
Published: February 2016

Plumbago zeylanicais one such important medicinal plant which is being used the world over in the traditional system of medicines. The plant is being used extensively in commercial preparations of medicines. The plumbagin present in different parts of Plumbago zeylanica as active constituent and it imparts wide range of biological activities. In the present study we planned to check the concentration of plumbagin present in aerial and root of Plumbago zeylanica. The petroleum ether, ethanol and aqueous extracts were prepared from the aerial and root of Plumbago zeylanica by successive extraction method. The phytochemical investigation of Plumbago zeylanica exhibited maximum phytoconstituents along flavonoids and polyphenol present in ethanol and aqueous extracts. While the petroleum ether extract of aerial and root contains steroid. The Plumbagin content in ethanol extract of aerial and root of Plumbago zeylanica was estimated from the calibration graph plotted from pure plumbagin. The findings of study indicate that concentration of plumbagin in aerial part of Plumbago zeylanica is maximum compared to root.
Comparative Evaluation of Pharmacy Patient Safety Culture in all Levels of Health Care Delivery in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Eniojukan JF  , Okinedo PO  , Ishiekwene AK  , Aghoja OC  
Published: February 2016

In health care, there is a move towards a patient safety culture as a means of ensuring sustainable positive patient care outcomes. This study evaluated the safety cultures in the health institutions in Delta State, Nigeria. An adapted form of the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Questionnaire on Pharmacy Safety was administered to 118 pharmacy personnel in 10 hospitals spread across the 3 senatorial districts. Data was analyzed with SPSS.20. The number of pharmacists was inadequate; pharmacy organization at the secondary and tertiary levels was better than the primary level; At all three levels, the safety cultures of Staff Training and Skills, Teamwork, Communication Openness, and Patient Counseling were generally positively rated. Highly significant differences existed in the safety culture of documenting mistakes in the pharmacy. There were significant differences in most culture composites between the three levels of care. The general trend was Tertiary>Secondary>Primary in positivity. On the overall Rating of Patient Safety, all levels were rated Very Good / Excellent. However, there were isolated lapses in safety culture composites requiring attention; pharmacy managers, in particular, are therefore enjoined to re-evaluate the safety cultures in their domain to identify areas of systemic failure.
Design of a Cyclonic-Jetting and Slurry-Transport System for Separators
Authors: Rawlins C. Hank 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Sand and solids are removed from production separators either off line (shut down for physical removal) or on line by use of jetting systems. Traditional jetting designs use spray nozzles to fluidize and push the sand toward a covered outlet to evacuate the solids from the vessel. Cyclonic-jetting technology combines the fluidization and evacuation functions into a single, compact device. On the basis of a hydrocyclonic platform, this technology converts jetting spray water into shielded vortex flow that fluidizes sand in a circular zone without disturbing the oil/water interface.
Total solids removal is primarily a function of set height, spray flow, and spacing. A single unit was optimized at a set height of 10 cm (4 in.) with spray pressure of 0.7 barg (11 psig) to provide an area of influence of 1.1 m2 (12.0 ft2) with 28 cm (11 in.) of sandbed depth. Placing two units in parallel with overlap of their affected zones reduces the ’egg-carton’ effect associated with this technology; however, optimum operation, in terms of total sand removed, occurs when the units do not overlap. Slurry at up to 60 wt% solids is transported from the jetting system to the handling equipment. The boundary design conditions for slurry transport are erosion velocity (upper limit) and particle-transport velocity (lower limit). By use of published models, the piping design for four-unit cluster of cyclonic-jetting devices was validated at 5.0-cm (2-in.) nominal size. Integration and operation of a jetting system with transport, dewatering, and disposal stages of facilities sand management are presented as guidelines for system design.
Monitoring of Oil and Gas Pipelines by Use of VTOL-Type Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Idachaba Francis Enejo 
Published: February 2016

Summary
The vast and diverse spread of the oil and gas pipeline infrastructure makes real-time monitoring of the entire network a very costly task. This topology has provided vandals and crude-oil thieves with the opportunity of tapping the pipelines and successfully stealing crude oil from them unhindered. Nigeria lost more than USD 11 billion to crude-oil theft and pipeline vandalization over a 4-year period (2007 to 2011). The increase in vandalization has led to the divestment of assets by some of these oil companies because it is no longer economical to continue operating the assets. Strategies used by the government and oil companies to tackle these challenges include the deployment of military personnel to these assets and also along their pipeline right of way (ROW). In spite of these attempts, the results show that the deployment of these personnel and the attendant cost have not reduced the quantity and frequency of oil theft because the deployment time to some of these locations also contributes to delay in the response of the security personnel.
The deployment of dynamic pipeline-pressure profiles enables the determination of the onset of a leak or a loss of crude oil. This paper presents the deployment plan and communication architecture of the vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) type of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) for pipeline monitoring. The pipeline network of the company is divided into wide area cells, and each cell is controlled from a facility. Low-power UAVs with directional antennas and long-range zoom cameras are deployed to provide real-time visual monitoring of the pipeline section whenever a pressure drip or any significant third-party activity is detected on a section of the pipeline. Security personnel can then be deployed to the pipeline section if vandal activity is detected. This solution has the capability of reducing crude-oil theft by providing accurate location data in a timely manner to the company with respect to the bunkering activity along its pipeline ROW and also enabling the timely deployment of personnel to contain the situation.
Proxy-Based Work Flow for a Priori Evaluation of Data-Acquisition Programs
Authors: He Jincong , Xie Jiang , Sarma Pallav , Wen Xian-Huan , Chen Wen H. , Kamath Jairam 
Published: February 2016

SummaryData-acquisition programs, such as surveillance and pilot, play an important role in reservoir management, and are crucial for minimizing subsurface risks and improving decision quality. Optimal design of the data-acquisition plan requires predicting the performance (e.g., in terms of the expected amount of uncertainty reduction in an objective function) of a given design before it is implemented. Because the data from the acquisition program are uncertain at the time of the analysis, multiple history-matching runs are required for different plausible realizations of the observed data to evaluate the expected effectiveness of the program in reducing uncertainty. As such, the computational cost may be prohibitive because the number of reservoir simulations needed for the multiple history-matching runs would be substantial. This paper proposes a framework on the basis of proxies and rejection sampling (filtering) to perform the multiple history-matching runs with a manageable number of reservoir simulations. The work flow proposed does not depend on the linear Gaussian assumption that is a common, yet questionable, assumption in existing methods. The work flow also enables both qualitative and quantitative analysis of a surveillance plan. Qualitatively, heavy-hitter alignment analysis for the objective function and the observed data provides actionable measures for screening different surveillance designs. Quantitatively, the evaluation of expected uncertainty reduction from different surveillance plans allows for optimal design and selection of surveillance plans.
The Use of Tracer Data To Determine Polymer-Flooding Effects in a Heterogeneous Reservoir, 8 Torton Horizon Reservoir, Matzen Field, Austria
Authors: Clemens Torsten , Lüftenegger Markus , Laoroongroj Ajana , Kadnar Rainer , Puls Christoph 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Polymer-injection pilot projects aim at reducing the uncertainty and risk of full-field polymer-flood implementation. The interpretation of polymer-pilot projects is challenging because of the complexity of the process and fluids moving out of the polymer-pilot area. The interpretation is increasingly more complicated with the heterogeneity of the reservoir.
In the polymer pilot performed in the 8 Torton Horizon (TH) reservoir of the Matzen field in Austria, a polymer-injection well surrounded by a number of production wells was selected. A tracer was injected 1 week before polymer injection. The tracer showed that the flow field in the reservoir was dramatically modified with increasing amounts of polymer injected. Despite short breakthrough times of 4 to 10 weeks observed for the tracer, polymer breakthrough occurred only after more than 12 months although injection and production rates were not substantially changed.
The tracer signal indicated that the reservoir is heterogeneous, with high flow velocities occurring along a number of flow paths with a limited volume that are strongly connecting the injection and production wells. By injecting polymers, the mobility of the polymer-augmented water was reduced compared with water injection, and led to flow diversion into adjacent layers. The tracer response showed that the speed of the tracer moving from injection to production wells was reduced with increasing amount of polymer injected.
This response was used to assess the changes of the amount of water flowing from the injection well to production wells. After a match for the tracer curve was obtained, adsorption, residual resistance factor (RRF), and dispersivity were calculated. The results showed that, even for heterogeneous reservoirs without good conformance of the pilot, the critical parameters for polymer-injection projects can be assessed by analyzing tracer and polymer response. These parameters are required to determine whether implementation of polymer injection at field scale is economically attractive.
Along the flow path that is connecting injection and production well, as shown by the tracer response, an incremental recovery of approximately 8% was achieved. The polymer retention and inaccessible pore volume (IPV) in the reservoir were in the same range as in corefloods. Incremental oil recovery caused by acceleration along the flow path was estimated at approximately 20% of the overall incremental oil production caused by polymer injection and 80% was attributed to improved sweep efficiency.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen as a Diagnostic Marker of Nasal Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Yamashita Yukashi , Uehara Takayuki , Hasegawa Masahiro , Deng Zeyi , Matayoshi Sen , Kiyuna Asanori , Kondo Shunsuke , Maeda Hiroyuki , Ganaha Akira , Suzuki Mikio 
Published: February 2016

Background Serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) levels are elevated in sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP). However, the relationship between tumor volume and SCCA level, and the influence of skin or pulmonary diseases in which the SCCA level is high, have not been established. Objective To clarify whether the level of serum SCCA can be used as a diagnostic marker of IP. Methods Serum SCCA level was measured in 30 patients with IP (IP group) and 57 with inflammatory disease (inflammatory group). Results Overall, 83.3% in the IP group showed elevated serum SCCA levels regardless of whether they were new patients or patients with recurrent IP, and SCCA levels rapidly decreased after surgery. Only 5.3% had elevated SCCA levels in the inflammatory group. Before surgery, the IP group had a median preoperative SCCA level of 2.4 ng/mL, whereas the median preoperative SCCA level was 0.9 ng/mL in the inflammatory group. Pre- and postoperative SCCA levels were significantly different in the IP group. With regard to the IP diagnosis in the IP and inflammatory groups based on the SCCA level (ng/mL), sensitivity and specificity were 83.3% and 94.7%, respectively. There was no significant correlation between SCCA elevation and respiratory function, and skin disease in the two groups, except for smoking in the IP group. Preoperative SCCA levels were significantly higher in smokers than in never-smokers in the IP group. Tumor volume was significantly correlated with SCCA level in IP. Multivariable logistic analysis showed that tumor volume was a predictor of preoperative SCCA elevation (p = 0.036; 95% confidence interval, 1.027–2.176). Conclusion Serum SCCA level is a reliable diagnostic marker to distinguish new and recurrent IP from inflammatory disease. Because smokers tended to have higher SCCA levels in IP, a different cutoff level might be needed. Although respiratory dysfunction and skin disease were not related to SCCA level, they should be taken into consideration when evaluating SCCA level.
Sintomas vocais em sujeitos encaminhados à tireoidectomia
Authors: Figueiroa Deborah Correia Lima , Dassie-Leite Ana Paula , Koga Marilu , Santos Rosane Sampaio 
Published: February 2016

<p><strong>OBJETIVO: </strong>Caracterizar os sintomas vocais de sujeitos encaminhados à cirurgia de tireoidectomia por fatores diversos.</p><p><strong>MÉTODOS: </strong>Estudo observacional, descritivo e transversal. Os dados foram coletados nas dependências do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC). Participaram 20 pacientes encaminhados à cirurgia para retirada da glândula tireóidea, tireoidectomia, no período de julho a outubro de 2012, por diferentes patologias de base. Os indivíduos responderam a um questionário de identificação e à Escala de Sintomas Vocais (ESV), protocolo recentemente validado para o português brasileiro e que contempla aspectos de limitação, emocionais e físicos. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente.</p><p><strong>RESULTADOS: </strong>Houve predomínio nos sintomas físicos, referentes principalmente as sensações laríngeas (pigarro, dor, incômodo, nódulos inchados na região do pescoço, entre outros). Pacientes com queixas vocais (n=10) apresentaram maiores índices na ESV do que pacientes sem queixas (n=10), com diferença estatisticamente significativa (p=0,002). Quanto à etiologia, pacientes com bócio multinodular apresentaram escores mais elevados do que pacientes com outras patologias de base.</p><p><strong>CONCLUSÕES: </strong>Pacientes com doenças tireoidianas podem apresentar sintomas vocais mesmo antes da tireoidectomia. </p>
Early Remission Is a Realistic Target in a Majority of Patients with DMARD-naive Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Rannio Tuomas , Asikainen Juha , Kokko Arto , Hannonen Pekka , Sokka Tuulikki 
Published: February 2016

Objective.We analyzed remission rates at 3 and 12 months in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who were naive for disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) and who were treated in a Finnish rheumatology clinic from 2008 to 2011. We compared remission rates and drug treatments between patients with RA and patients with undifferentiated arthritis (UA).Methods.Data from all DMARD-naive RA and UA patients from the healthcare district were collected using software that includes demographic and clinical characteristics, disease activity, medications, and patient-reported outcomes. Our rheumatology clinic applies the treat-to-target principle, electronic monitoring of patients, and multidisciplinary care.Results.Out of 409 patients, 406 had data for classification by the 2010 RA criteria of the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism. A total of 68% were female, and mean age (SD) was 58 (16) years. Respectively, 56%, 60%, and 68% were positive for anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP), rheumatoid factor (RF), and RF/anti-CCP, and 19% had erosive disease. The median (interquartile range) duration of symptoms was 6 (4–12) months. A total of 310 were classified as RA and 96 as UA. The patients with UA were younger, had better functional status and lower disease activity, and were more often seronegative than the patients with RA. The 28-joint Disease Activity Score (3 variables) remission rates of RA and UA patients at 3 months were 67% and 58% (p = 0.13), and at 12 months, 71% and 79%, respectively (p = 0.16). Sustained remission was observed in 57%/56% of RA/UA patients. Patients with RA used more conventional synthetic DMARD combinations than did patients with UA. None used biological DMARD at 3 months, and only 2.7%/1.1% of the patients (RA/UA) used them at 12 months (p = 0.36).Conclusion.Remarkably high remission rates are achievable in real-world DMARD-naive patients with RA or UA.
Analysis of Choroidal and Retinal Vasculature in Inherited Retinal Degenerations Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: de Carlo Talisa E. , Adhi Mehreen , Salz David A. , Joseph Tony , Waheed Nadia K. , Seddon Johanna M. , Duker Jay S. , Reichel Elias 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To describe the retinal vasculature and choriocapillaris, as well as the transition zone between the diseased and healthy tissue, in eyes with inherited retinal degenerations using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Patients with inherited retinal degenerations were recruited for OCTA imaging. Retinal vasculature was assessed for increased intercapillary space and foveal avascular zone abnormalities. Choriocapillaris, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and photoreceptor disruption were noted, and the borders were evaluated to speculate which layers become affected first.

RESULTS:
Fourteen eyes of seven subjects with inherited retinal degenerations were included. All eyes (100%) demonstrated retinal thinning and increased intercapillary spaces overlying focal outer retinal changes. In all eyes, the region of choriocapillaris changes was smaller than the region of overlying RPE and photoreceptor alteration, suggesting the vascular loss was secondary.

CONCLUSION:
OCTA is able to provide highly detailed vascular information in eyes with inherited retinal degenerations and may be useful to better understand the pathogenesis of these diseases.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Imaging Lasers Retina
. 2016;47:120–127.]
Imaging of Melanin Disruption in Age-Related Macular Degeneration Using Multispectral Imaging
Authors: Dugel Pravin U. , Zimmer Cheryl N. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To investigate whether multispectral imaging (MSI) is able to obtain a noninvasive view of melanin disruption associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which could support early diagnosis and potential treatment strategies.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
A single retinal center, retrospective, observational, image analysis study of MSI images of 43 patients was done to determine the extent of melanin pigment exhibited in association with AMD, based on the Age-Related Eye Disease Study classification and grading scale. Corresponding fundus photos were also graded for 12 of the eyes.

RESULTS:
Fifty-one of 61 eyes (84%) of 43 patients with AMD were determined to have melanin disruption in their MSI images in at least the central and/or one of four inner ETDRS areas. There was a relationship between severity of disease and the degree of melanin disruption. The sensitivity of fundus photography for melanin pigment as compared to MSI was only 62.5%, with three false-negatives.

CONCLUSION:
A direct, noninvasive, unobstructed view of melanin disruption associated with AMD can be observed using MSI.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Imaging Lasers Retina.
2016;47:134–141.]