bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Student's tutorial on bloom hypotheses in the context of phytoplankton annual cycles
Authors: Behrenfeld Michael J. , Boss Emmanuel S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhytoplankton blooms are elements in repeating annual cycles of phytoplankton biomass and they have significant ecological and biogeochemical consequences. Temporal changes in phytoplankton biomass are governed by complex predator–prey interactions and physically driven variations in upper water column growth conditions (light, nutrient, and temperature). Understanding these dependencies is fundamental to assess future change in bloom frequency, duration, and magnitude and thus represents a quintessential challenge in global change biology. A variety of contrasting hypotheses have emerged in the literature to explain phytoplankton blooms, but over time the basic tenets of these hypotheses have become unclear. Here, we provide a “tutorial” on the development of these concepts and the fundamental elements distinguishing each hypothesis. The intent of this tutorial is to provide a useful background and set of tools for reading the bloom literature and to give some suggestions for future studies. Our tutorial is written for “students” at all stages of their career. We hope it is equally useful and interesting to those with only a cursory interest in blooms as those deeply immersed in the challenge of understanding the temporal dynamics of phytoplankton biomass and predicting its future change.
Energy democracy: Mapping the debate on energy alternatives
Authors: Becker Sören , Naumann Matthias 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEnergy is an emerging topic of interest in human geography, and so is the study of alternative approaches to energy provision and governance. These alternatives are often considered manifestations of energy democracy, a notion that has become prominent in energy‐related activism. This paper connects alternative approaches towards novel, sustainable, and more democratic forms of energy provision to develop a typology of the practices and politics of energy democracy. Energy democracy refers to political calls for and the institutionalisation of more participatory forms of energy provision and governance. The typology encompasses alternative approaches to energy provision and governance from the Global North and South, including instances of local autonomy in decentralised systems, urban struggles over public or cooperative ownership of energy utilities, and national approaches to energy sovereignty as alternatives to extractivist development. By drawing together this wide range of empirical examples, energy democracy could overcome both localist and euro‐centric perspectives and provide an orientation for movements seeking to develop more just and sustainable energy systems around the world.
Association of physical activity with a systolic blood pressure difference between arms in older people
Authors: Sato Koichi , Sugiura Tomonori , Ohte Nobuyuki , Dohi Yasuaki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimA increase in interarm systolic blood pressure difference (IASBPD) is believed to lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disease and to be a predictor of future cardiovascular events. The purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that an increased IASBPD is associated with reduced physical activity in older people.MethodsOlder people who used a geriatric health services facility (n = 147, mean age 83.3 years) were enrolled. The prevalence of IASBPD in individuals with different levels of physical activity and factors that have a crucial effect on IASBPD were investigated. The study participants were divided into three groups according to their physical activity; ambulant persons (group A), wheelchair users (group B) and bedridden persons (group C). Blood pressure around the both brachiums was simultaneously measured using two automated devices. An IASBPD of ≥10 mmHg was considered to be significant IASBPD.ResultsThe median IASBPD was 4.5 mmHg in the present study participants, and 28 participants (19.0%) had an IASBPD ≥10 mmHg. The IASBPD in group C was greater than that in group A or B. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that physical activity was the independent predictor of IASBPD after adjustment for possible factors. Furthermore, a logistic regression analysis with the end‐point of significant IASBPD showed that physical activity is an independent predictor of significant IASBPD.ConclusionsPhysical activity simply assessed by moving ability can predict IASBPD in older individuals. In older people, reduced physical activity might indicate the progression of silent or clinical atherosclerosis and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 95–100.
Comparison of stroke volume measurements during hemodialysis using bioimpedance cardiography and echocardiography
Authors: Germain Michael J. , Joubert Jyovani , O'Grady Daniel , Nathanson Brian H. , Chait Yossi , Levin Nathan W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground: Fluid management remains a major challenge of hemodialysis (HD) care, with serious implications for morbidity and mortality. Intradialytic fluid management is typically guided by blood pressure, an indirect resultant of hemodynamics status. Direct measurements of hemodynamic parameters may improve cardiovascular outcomes by providing rational bases for intervention. We compare stroke volume (SV) measurements using a noninvasive, regional biompedance cardiography device (NiCaS) with Doppler echocardiography (Echo) in HD setting.Methods: Stroke volumes were simultaneously measured using the devices in 17 patients receiving maintenance HD. Measurements were made during 2 weekly HD treatments, and twice within each HD treatment during the first and last hour of each treatment, for a total of 64 SV measurements. Agreement between devices was assessed using linear regression, a Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a Bland‐Altman plot all adjusted for repeated measures within patients.Results: Echo and NiCaS SV mean and 95% CIs were 58.0 (50.1, 65.8) and 56.7 (49.4, 64.0) mL, respectively. NiCaS SV correlated strongly with Echo SV during the first and last hours of treatments (r = 0.93, P < 0.001 and r = 0.92, P < 0.001, respectively). Linear regression of NiCaS on Echo showed a slope of 0.97, 95% CI (0.91, 1.02) which did not differ from 1, P = 0.20. A Bland‐Altman plot and 4‐Quadrant plot confirmed that the 2 methods produced comparable measurements.Conclusion: NiCaS SV measurements are similar to and strongly correlated with Echo SV measurements. This suggests that noninvasive NiCaS technology may be a practical method for measuring SV during HD.
Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA), Smoking, and Cancer in a Longitudinal Population Study
Authors: Cullen K. J. , Stevens D. P. , Frost Margaret A. , Mackay I. R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn 1969, the prevalence of raised levels (5 ng/ml of serum) of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was estimated in 2372 persons aged 40 years and over in Busselton, Western Australia. There were raised levels of CEA in 73 subjects (3%). The prevalence increased progressively with age in both non‐smokers and smokers, with a higher rate of prevalence at all ages in smokers, and a peak of 11% in smokers aged 65–74 years. Among non‐smokers, the prevalence was similar in both men and women (1%); in smokers there was a stepwise rise in prevalence with increasing tobacco consumption. Subsequently, levels of CEA of 5 ng/ml or over tended to disappear from the sera in a greater proportion of the non/ex‐smokers than of smokers.In the following five years, “CEA‐associated” cancer occurred in nine of 73 subjects (13%) with raised levels of CEA compared with 25 in 2299 (1%) in those with normal CEA levels. This association was independent of the confounding effects of age, sex, and smoking habit. The five year data on 2372 subjects have confirmed that CEA screening of healthy Busselton subjects has identified a group at future risk of developing “CEA‐associated” cancers, in addition to drawing attention to the presence of existing cancers.
Myocardial Infarction in Wegener's Granulomatosis
Authors: Gatenby P. A. , Lytton D. G. , Bulteau V. G. , O'Reilly B. , Basten A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryA case is described of a 28‐year‐old man who presented with a picture of classical Wegener's granulomatosis; and who, in the absence of fulminating renal or respiratory disease died from myocardial infarction. Other reports of cardiac involvement are discussed and compared with the picture presented by this patient.
Validation of the Korean Parental Depression Literacy Scale
Authors: Jeong Yoo Mi , Hughes Tonda L. , McCreary Linda , Johnson Timothy P. , Park Chang , Choi Heeseung 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to validate the Korean American Parental Depression Literacy Scale (Parental D‐Lit Scale), which was modified from Griffith's Depression Literacy Scale based on expert reviews, individual and focus group interviews, and a cross‐sectional, self‐administered survey. Survey participants included Korean American mothers (n = 107, 74.8%) and fathers (n = 36, 25.2%) of adolescent children. We examined reliability and validity using exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and correlational and comparison analyses. The scale showed moderate reliability and validity (α = 0.72) and content validity (scale‐level content validity index = 0.875). EFA resulted in a three‐factor model, and CFA showed a close fit to the data (root mean square error of approximation = 0.056). Reliability indices indicated that total scale scores were more useful for examining depression literacy than subscale scores. Criterion validity was supported by statistically‐significant correlations in the expected direction between depression literacy and other theoretically‐related constructs, including attitudes towards mental health‐care services (+), depression stigma (−), recognition of depression (+), and acculturation (+). The Parental D‐Lit Scale scores showed statistically‐significant mean differences between parents who identified depression in a vignette (mean = 18.3, standard deviation (SD) = 2.9) and those who did not (mean = 16.8, SD = 4.0), indicating the discriminant validity of the scale. The Parental D‐Lit Scale shows promise for use by psychiatric/mental health nurses in assessing the effectiveness of educational and clinical interventions. Additional research should employ larger samples in various regions of the USA.
Patient safety on psychiatric wards: A cross‐sectional, multilevel study of factors influencing nurses' willingness to share power and responsibility with patients
Authors: Vandewalle Joeri , Malfait Simon , Eeckloo Kristof , Colman Roos , Beeckman Dimitri , Verhaeghe Sofie , Van Hecke Ann 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe World Health Organization highlights the need for more patient participation in patient safety. In mental health care, psychiatric nurses are in a frontline position to support this evolution. The aim of the present study was to investigate the demographic and contextual factors that influence the willingness of psychiatric nurses to share power and responsibility with patients concerning patient safety. The patient participation culture tool for inpatient psychiatric wards was completed by 705 nurses employed in 173 psychiatric wards within 37 hospitals. Multilevel modelling was used to analyse the self‐reported data. The acceptance of a role wherein nurses share power and responsibility with patients concerning patient safety is influenced by the nurses' sex, age, perceived competence, perceived support, and type of ward. To support nurses in fulfilling their role in patient participation, patient participation‐specific basic and continuing education should be provided. Managers and supervisors should recognize and fulfil their facilitating role in patient participation by offering support to nurses. Special attention is needed for young nurses and nurses on closed psychiatric wards, because these particular groups report being less willing to accept a new role. Ward characteristics that restrict patient participation should be challenged so that these become more patient participation stimulating. More research is needed to explore the willingness and ability of psychiatric nurses to engage in collaborative safety management with patients who have specific conditions, such as suicidal ideation and emotional harm.
Patriotism, organizational commitment and nurses’ intention to report for work in emergencies
Authors: Kagan I. , Itzhaki M. , Melnikov S. 
Published: August 2017

AimTo examine the influence of nurses’ patriotism and organizational commitment on their intention to report for work in a national emergency, in Israel.BackgroundHealthcare systems need to forecast the number of staff likely to report for work in emergencies and mass casualty events.IntroductionPatriotism and nurses’ commitment to work are factors that prompt nurses to leave their families and report for duty, even knowing that they are putting themselves in danger. However, patriotism as a variable that might affect nurses’ intention to report for work in emergencies has not been investigated.MethodsA descriptive, cross‐sectional survey was used with a convenience sample of 152 registered nurses. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients and t‐tests were used to analyse the data. To examine the unique contribution of the independent variables to the explanation of the dependent variable – intention to report to work in emergency – multiple regression analysis was performed.ResultsSignificant positive correlations were found between age, seniority and research variables (organizational commitment, patriotism and intention to report for emergency work). Patriotism differed by gender, ethnicity and religion. Patriotism and gender explained 23% of the variance regarding intention to report for emergency duty, with patriotism playing a major role.DiscussionPatriotism has religious and cultural dimensions. Cultural differences explain the discrepancy in organizational commitment between Israeli‐born nurses and immigrants.Conclusion and implications for nursing policyEmergency training drills for nurses should feature discussions on universal ethical principles in emergency planning, preparedness and responses. The willingness of ethnic/religious minorities and immigrants to report for work in a national emergency should be taken into consideration in healthcare system disaster planning, so as to lessen the impact of disparate patriotism.
The Hall Technique and conventional restorative treatment in New Zealand children's primary oral health care – clinical outcomes at two years
Authors: Boyd Dorothy H , Page Lyndie Foster , Thomson W Murray 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundNew Zealand children's oral health care is mostly provided in primary care oral health clinics. Little is known about treatment outcomes.Hypothesis/AimTo investigate different treatment outcomes of primary molar carious lesions in a sample of children in primary care.DesignQuasi‐experimental study of 180 5‐ to 8‐year‐old children. Each child had one carious primary molar treated by a dental therapist with a plastic restorative material (PRM) or a pre‐formed stainless steel crown placed with the Hall Technique (HT). After 2 years, restorative outcomes were categorised as success, minor failure, or major failure. Data were analysed using Chi‐square tests.ResultsA total of 147 (82%) children were followed up; mean follow‐up period 25 months (range: 21–35 months). Failure was observed significantly more in the PRM group (32%) than the HT group (6%). When baseline carious lesions were radiographically deep with marginal ridge breakdown (MRB), there was a higher proportion of major failures than when they were shallow without MRB (33% and 1%, respectively; P < 0.001). Among the deep lesions, those treated with the HT showed better success than PRM.ConclusionsThere was a much higher success rate in the children treated with HT than PRM. Deep carious lesions responded better to HT than PRM.
Porcelain stoneware consolidation by flash sintering
Authors: Biesuz Mattia , Abate Woinshet D. , Sglavo Vincenzo M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPorcelain stoneware was consolidated by flash sintering under DC polarization using current densities in the range 4‐20 mA/mm2. The results show the applicability of this innovative sintering technology to a material whose densification occurs by vitrification, thus allowing to extend the possible application field of flash sintering to traditional ceramics. Using appropriate current density, the flash‐ sintered samples are dense, homogeneous, and well‐vitrified. XRD and microstructural analysis points out the formation of primary mullite while secondary mullite is only sporadically observed. In addition, comparison between flash sintering and fast firing shows that the densification obtained in the selected ceramic system via the former route cannot be reproduced just by a rapid heating process.
Clearance in vulvar lichen sclerosus: a realistic treatment endpoint or a chimera?
Authors: Borghi A. , Virgili A. , Minghetti S. , Toni G. , Corazza M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundAccording to the current guidelines, the aim of vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) treatment was to improve symptoms and signs, not to cure.ObjectiveTo assess (i) the rate of patients with VLS who achieved complete clearance of symptoms or objective features, or both, with a 12‐week pharmacological treatment and (ii) the predictive value of therapeutic response to the demographic and clinical features.MethodsWe retrospectively included patients with VLS who had undergone any topical treatment for 12 weeks; demographics, history, VLS‐related symptoms and objective features recorded at baseline and on completion of treatment were collected and elaborated. The primary study endpoint was to assess the rate of patients achieving complete clearance of global subjective score (GSS), or in global objective score (GOS), and in both scores.ResultsOne hundred and ninety‐six patients were included; 24 (12.2%) were asymptomatic at baseline, and nine (4.6%) dropped out. After treatment, 78 patients (47.3%) achieved GSS = 0, 40 (21.4%) achieved GOS = 0, and 23 (13.9%) achieved complete clearance of both symptoms and signs. Lower symptom scores at baseline and shorter disease duration were associated with the achievement of symptom clearance at the end of the treatment. Earlier disease onset, diagnosis and beginning of study treatment as well as lower baseline GOS were significantly associated with complete recovery of VLS signs and clearance of both symptoms and signs.ConclusionA relevant part of patients who undergo a 12‐week topical treatment is not completely cured of VLS. It may be hypothesized that these patients, in spite of a significant improvement, may still have substantial residual disease and, as a result, its effect on their quality of life.
A continuous usability evaluation of an electronic medication administration record application
Authors: Vicente Oliveros Noelia , Gramage Caro Teresa , Pérez Menéndez‐Conde Covadonga , Álvarez‐Diaz Ana María , Martín‐Aragón Álvarez Sagrario , Bermejo Vicedo Teresa , Delgado Silveira Eva 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRationale, aims, and objectivesThe complexity of an electronic medication administration record (eMAR) has been underestimated by most designers in the past. Usability issues, such as poorly designed user application flow in eMAR, are therefore of vital importance, since they can have a negative impact on nursing activities and result in poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usability of an eMAR application during its development.MethodsA usability evaluation was conducted during the development of the eMAR application. Two usability methods were used: a heuristic evaluation complemented by usability testing. Each eMAR application version provided by the vendor was evaluated by 2 hospital pharmacists, who applied the heuristic method. They reviewed the eMAR tasks, detected usability problems and their heuristic violations, and rated the severity of the usability problems. Usability testing was used to assess the final application version by observing how 3 nurses interacted with the application.ResultsThirty‐four versions were assessed before the eMAR application was considered usable. During the heuristic evaluation, the usability problems decreased from 46 unique usability problems in version 1 (V1) to 9 in version 34 (V34). In V1, usability problems were categorized into 154 heuristic violations, which decreased to 27 in V34. The average severity rating also decreased from major usability problem (2.96) to no problem (0.23). During usability testing, the 3 nurses did not encounter new usability problems.ConclusionA thorough heuristic evaluation is a good method for obtaining a usable eMAR application. This evaluation points key areas for improvement and decreases usability problems and their severity.
Oral supplementation with specific bioactive collagen peptides improves nail growth and reduces symptoms of brittle nails
Authors: Hexsel Doris , Zague Vivian , Schunck Michael , Siega Carolina , Camozzato Fernanda O , Oesser Steffen 
Published: August 2017

SummaryBackgroundBrittle nail syndrome is a common problem among women and refers to nails that exhibit surface roughness, raggedness, and peeling.AimThe goal of this study was to investigate whether daily oral supplementation with collagen peptides alleviates the symptoms of brittle nails and improves nail growth rate.MethodsIn this open‐label, single‐center trial, 25 participants took 2.5 g of specific bioactive collagen peptides (BCP, VERISOL®) once daily for 24 weeks followed by a 4‐week off‐therapy period. Nail growth rate and the frequency of cracked and/or chipped nails as well as an evaluation of symptoms and global clinical improvement score of brittle nails were assessed by a physician during treatment and 4 weeks after discontinuation.ResultsBioactive collagen peptides treatment promoted an increase of 12% nail growth rate and a decrease of 42% in the frequency of broken nails. Additionally, 64% of participants achieved a global clinical improvement in brittle nails, and 88% of participants experienced an improvement 4 weeks post‐treatment. The majority of participants (80%) agreed that the use of BCP improved their nails' appearance, and were completely satisfied with the performance of the treatment.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated that the daily ingestion of BCP increased nail growth and improved brittle nails in conjunction with a notable decrease in the frequency of broken nails.