bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of Suicidal Events With Atomoxetine Compared to Stimulant Treatment: A Cohort Study
Authors: Linden Stephan , Bussing Regina , Kubilis Paul , Gerhard Tobias , Segal Richard , Shuster Jonathan J , Winterstein Almut G 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUND:Antidepressant effects on increased suicidality in children have raised public concern in recent years. Approved in 2002 for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment, the selective noradrenalin-reuptake-inhibitor atomoxetine was initially investigated for the treatment of depression. In post-hoc analyses of clinical trial data, atomoxetine has been associated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation in children and adolescents. We analyzed whether the observed increased risk of suicidal ideation in clinical trials translates into an increased risk of suicidal events in pediatric patients treated with atomoxetine compared with stimulants in 26 Medicaid programs.METHODS:Employing a retrospective cohort design, we used propensity score–adjusted Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the risk of suicide and suicide attempt in pediatric patients initiating treatment with atomoxetine compared with stimulants from 2002 to 2006.RESULTS:The first-line treatment cohort included 279 315 patients. During the first year of follow-up, the adjusted hazard ratio for current atomoxetine use compared with current stimulant use was 0.95 (95% CI 0.47–1.92, P = .88). The second-line treatment cohort included 220 215 patients. During the first year of follow-up, the adjusted hazard ratio for current atomoxetine use compared with current stimulant use was 0.71 (95% CI 0.30–1.67, P = .43).CONCLUSIONS:First- and second-line treatment of youths age 5 to 18 with atomoxetine compared with stimulants was not significantly associated with an increased risk of suicidal events. The low incidence of suicide and suicide attempt resulted in wide confidence intervals and did not allow stratified analysis of high-risk groups or assessment of suicidal risk associated with long-term use of atomoxetine.
Fermín Caballero: convenio institucional de digitalización de los fondos de la Real Academia de la Historia, biblioteca y premios de sociología
Authors: Garrido Gallego Jesús 
Published: April 2016

Este año 2003, la cultura castellano manchega y nacional está de enhorabuena por varias razones. La principal se encuentra en la firma de un protocolo entre varias instituciones, relativo ala copia digital de los documentos que Fermín Caballero, política conquense de gran proyección nacional e internacional, mandó quedasen depositados en la Real Academia de la Historia. Este protocolo de intenciones y convenio de digitalización del fondo de Fermín Caballero en la Real Academia de la Historia es un importante documento fechado el 14 de marzo de 2003, firmado por D. Gonzalo Anes y Álvarez de Castrillón en nombre de la R.A.H.; Da Lourdes Hemando de Larramendi, representante de la Fundación Hemando de Larramendi; Dª Carmen Valmorisco Martín, Consejera de Administraciones Públicas de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha y D. Luis Ayllón Oliva, Alcalde de Barajas de Melo, de donde era natural Caballero.
Entre los motivos expuestos por dichas instituciones para la digitalización y publicación de los fondos de Fermín Caballero se encuentran los que siguen. Por parte de la Real Academia de la Historia, como propietaria de la documentación, el deseo de difundir los documentos custodiados de este importante político, geógrafo y polígrafo español. Por parte de la Fundación Hernando de Larramendi, promotora de proyectos de Bibliotecas Virtuales con el ánimo de difundir el pensamiento y una amplia selección de la obra de varios polígrafos españoles, entre los cuales se encuentra Fermín Caballero.
Re Alex: Adolescent Gender Identity Disorder and the Family Court of Australia
Authors: Mills Eithne 
Published: April 2016

‘People with gender identity disorder live with a conviction that their physical anatomy is incompatible with their true gender role. They have an overwhelming desire to live and function in the opposite biological sex’.1 The manifestation of the disorder in children and adolescents is dominated by secrecy, confusion and shame. The purpose of this article is to promote discussion amongst the legal fraternity of the difficult issues confronting the Family Court of Australia when asked to make decisions with life-altering ramifications for the young and vulnerable.
WHY LAWYERS ARE UNHAPPY
Authors: SELIGMAN MARTIN E P , VERKUIL PAUL R , KANG TERRY H 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>According to the authors of this article, the growing unhappiness of law- yers, particularly young lawyers, stems from three causes: (1) Lawyers are selected for their pessimism (or “prudence”) and this generalizes to the rest of their lives; (2) Young associates hold jobs that are characterized by high pressure and low decision latitude, exactly the conditions that promote poor health and poor morale; and (3) American law is to some extent a zero-sum game, and negative emotions flow from zero-sum games. .. </span></p><p><span>This article has been shared with practitioners as well as academics. It grows out of faculty seminars held at the Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law in the fall of 1999, which included managing partners of several major New York Law firms, and in spring 2001, as well as a meeting of the New York Chapter of the American Bar Foundation in the spring of 2000. The theory of positive psychology framed the discussion.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
HOMELESSNESS, POVERTY AND DISCRIMINATION: IMPROVING PUBLIC HEALTH BY REALISING HUMAN RIGHTS
Authors: LYNCH PHILIP 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>There are clear casual and consequential links between homelessness, poverty, discrimination and poor health. This article argues that the engagement of homelessness and health in a human rights framework enables effective identification of socio-economic determinants of ill<br /> health and creation of the enabling conditions necessary for good<br /> health. The article contends that the integration of human rights principles into health service development, implementation and delivery, focuses attention on the need for health services to be adequate, accessible, non-discriminatory and appropriately targeted. The article also contends that a human rights approach to homelessness, poverty and health also imposes obligations - and enables measurement - in relation to realisation of the right to health and interconnected human rights (including the </span></p><p><span>right to adequate housing, the right to social security, the right to non-discrimination, the right to participation, and the right to human dignity and respect)</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
THE AUSTRALIAN CONSTITUTION AND THE SHAPING OF OUR FEDERAL AND STATE LABOUR LAWS*
Authors: MCCALLUM RON 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>In this article, the author makes the serious point that labour laws based upon the “corporations power” under the </span><span>Australian Constitution </span><span>will be centred around corporations to the detriment of flesh and blood persons who interact with corporations. Wholesome labour laws seek to balance the rights, duties and obligations of employers and employees as equal le- gal actors in the processes of work and production. However, general la- bour laws of broad application which would be required to found a national labour regime, which were enacted in reliance upon the corpora- tions power, could not for long maintain this balance between employers and employees. In the fullness of time, these labour laws will become little more than a sub-set of corporations law, because inevitably they will fas- ten upon the economic needs of corporations and their employees will be viewed as but one aspect of the productive process in our globalized econ- omy</span><span>.] </span></p></div></div></div>
CARTELS, MEDIA AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS - THE RAPIDLY CHANGING FACE OF AUSTRALIAN COMPETITION REGULATION
Authors: SAMUEL GRAEME 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>Australia’s </span><span>Trade Practices Act </span><span>is a piece of legislation that is constantly evolving to deal with the constantly evolving processes and practices of business – good and bad. Regardless of whether the country’s main tele- communications company, Telstra is privatised, or whether we get one or a hundred new TV channels or even abandon our TV sets for computer screens, the </span><span>Trade Practices Act </span><span>will continue, as it has done now for 30 years, to evolve with the economy to continue to protect and promote com- petition for the good of the Australian people</span><span>.] </span></p></div></div></div>
THE RELEVANCE OF REMORSE IN SENTENCING: A REPLY TO BAGARIC AND AMARASEKARA (AND DUFF)
Authors: TUDOR STEVEN 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>[</span><span>In their 2001 article </span><span>“Feeling Sorry? — Tell Someone Who Cares: The Irrelevance of Remorse in Sentencing”</span><span>, Bagaric and Amarasekara argue that offender remorse should be abandoned as a mitigating factor in sen- tencing because it lacks adequate doctrinal support. The present article argues that Bagaric and Amarasekara’s survey of reasons for remorse be- ing a mitigating factor is not wide enough, and, moreover, that their ar- guments against the reasons that they do consider are, at least, controversial. In the course of this reply, the present article also replies to arguments against remorse as a mitigating factor put forward by R. A. Duff.</span><span>] </span></p></div></div></div>
Structured Problem-Solving: Against the 'Step-by-Step' Method
Authors: Taylor Greg 
Published: April 2016

<p>Recently a German professor has advocated the adoption in this country of the German style of legal problem solving. Occasionally a German author attempts to civilise the common-law world using what is put forward as a more rational approach. But with such endeavours is usually associated a certain lack of self-critical reflection. In this instance an Australian author is able to draw on his studies in Germany to rectify the omission. He shows that the problem-solving method in question conveys a false picture of the nature of legal problem solving and of the law itself, while not possessing the advantages claimed for it.</p>
The Stolen Generations - Canada and Australia: the Legacy of Assimilation
Authors: Cassidy Julie 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article provides a comparative overview of issues pertaining to the stolen generation in Canada and Australia. It includes a historical overview of the removal and detaining of aboriginal children in Canada and Australia. As a consequence of the revelations of this past practice, litigation has been undertaken by members of the stolen generations in both Canada and Australia.<br />The article includes a summary of the key cases in Canada and Australia. Unlike in Australia, some Canadian aboriginal claimants have successfully brought actions for compensation against the federal Canadian government for the damages stemming from their experiences in the aboriginal residential schools. In the course of this discussion, the various causes of actions relied upon by the<br />plaintiffs are examined. While the plaintiffs in these leading Canadian cases were ultimately successful under at least one of their heads of claim, the approaches in these cases in regard to the Crown’s liability for breaching fiduciary duties, the duty of care, and non-delegable duties is inconsistent. Thus even in regard to the Canadian jurisprudence key legal issues pertaining to the Crown’s liability for the aboriginal residential school experience continues to<br />be unresolved.</p>
When Legal Fictions Collide: The Primacy (Or Otherwise) of the Separate Entity Principle of Corporate Law in Intellectual Property Cases
Authors: Chesmond Rhonda 
Published: April 2016

<p>Both “intellectual property” and “the corporation” can be and have been characterized as convenient legal fictions. Both also continue to be increasingly instrumental realities in the commercial world. This paper examines what happens when these two fictions collide - the issue of directors’ and other officers’ liability for intellectual property infringements by companies. Courts and commentators alike have generally advocated the primacy of the separate entity principle of corporate law in order to safeguard commercial enterprise and adventure. However, if intellectual property is viewed in accordance with its underlying justification, as a form of incentive necessary to promote new and useful innovations and creations, then any avoidance of responsibility by directors potentially undermines that incentive. In this event, the question must be posed as to whether the role and place of intellectual property in society warrants (or, indeed, receives) special treatment in cases involving companies infringing intellectual property rights.</p>
The Constitutional Validity of Declarations of Incompatibility in Australian Charters of Rights
Authors: Dalla-Pozza Dominique , Williams George 
Published: April 2016

<p>New Australian human rights legislation has created novel ‘dialogues’ between different arms of government. In Victoria and the ACT courts have been empowered to make declarations of incompatibility to the Attorney-General regarding the human rights acts and other legislation. This article examines the Constitutional implications for a similar mechanism in a proposed Commonwealth Human Rights Act</p>
New Challenges for Litigation in the Electronic Age
Authors: Jackson Sheryl 
Published: April 2016

<p>Australian courts are already dealing with issues around electronic documents and technology in the pre-trial and trial stages of litigation, in particular in cases involving large volumes of documentation. However issues surrounding the ease with which such documents can be disseminated have troubled the courts. The adoption of new technology is gathering pace, but the courts are proceeding with caution.</p>
Mandatory Requirements, Voluntary Rules and 'Please Explain': A Corporate Governance Quagmire
Authors: Zadkovich John 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article characterises Australia’s corporate governance regime as a hybrid blend of mandatory requirements, voluntary rules and a regime whereby if guidelines are not followed then an explanation is expected to be given. Mandatory rules may offer stronger protections to investors, but they are inherently inflexible and not appropriate for all companies. Voluntary rules, on the other hand, raise questions of compliance. This article analyses the present regime and the widening role of ‘black letter’ law after recent corporate collapses.</p>
Hasten Slowly: Urgency, Discretion and Review - a Counter-Terrorism Legislative Agenda and Legacy
Authors: Carne Greg 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article examines the practice by the Howard government from 2003 of invoking a paradigm of urgency in the introduction and enactment of multiple examples of counter terrorism legislation, with claims that review and remediation of that legislation best occur after rapid enactment. Speedy<br />legislative passage was frequently accompanied by few amendments, a discounting of parliamentary and other review recommendations and a contrasting unwillingness or neglect to subsequently review and amend enacted legislation to strengthen safeguards and increase accountability. By<br />examining selected major examples of counter-terrorism legislation, a comprehensive understanding of the applications of urgency as a legislative mechanism in counter-terrorism law reform from the Howard years can be<br />obtained. These applications range between the obtaining of immediate political advantage and an ongoing concentration of executive power. Several serious and distinctive features adversely impacting upon representative democracy were also generated by this urgency paradigm in counter-terrorism legislative enactments. The Rudd government has inherited the considerable legacy of this urgency bound legislative agenda. Questions now arise as to whether proper review of that legislation will occur and whether the culture of urgency will persist in a different government’s legislative responses to terrorism.</p>
Recent Developments in Sexual Harassment Law: Towards a New Model
Authors: Mackay Anita 
Published: April 2016

<p>Despite more than 20 years of sexual harassment being unlawful, it is still a persistent problem in Australian workplaces and one which is grossly under-reported. The law is this area should seek both to redress the harm<br />suffered by the victim and to reduce the power imbalance between males and females. The effectiveness of the Sex Discrimination Act 1984 in achieving these objectives was reviewed by a Senate Committee in 2008.<br />One of its recommendations was for positive duties to be imposed on employers to eliminate sexual harassment. This article outlines how this recommendation might be implemented, and taken further, by shifting the<br />onus away from the victim and onto the more powerful players in any sexual harassment scenario – the harasser, the employer and the community in the relevant workplace.</p>
The Constitutionality of Queensland's Recent (Legal) War on 'Bikies'
Authors: Gray Anthony 
Published: April 2016

The Queensland government has responded to a perceived ‘criminal problem’ with motorcycle clubs by directly naming and declaring 26 motorcycle clubs. It supplements earlier legislation that provided for a court to make such an order, upon defined criteria. The effect of the declaration is that it becomes a criminal offence for participants in the declared organisation to associate. The legislation provides for minimum mandatory gaol terms for various offences, including the act of associating. This article argues that there are serious constitutional questions surrounding such legislation, including on the basis of Chapter III of the Constitution, and the extent to which a court’s institutional integrity is compromised by legislation of this nature.
Family Provision, The Family Farm and Rural Patriarchy: Three Actors in Search of a Play?
Authors: Voyce Malcolm 
Published: April 2016

<p>This article describes how rural claimants have had their claims dealt with under family provision legislation. This legislation provides that, where a testator does not provide adequate provision for the proper maintenance and support of certain dependants, the court in its discretion may make further provision out of the estate. As regards this legislation, this article concentrates on the expectations of farming sons who have worked on farms and who may expect to receive a major share of a family property. Their claim is compared against the claims of daughters and widows. The article contends that family provision legislation, which in many cases works to the advantage of farming sons, reflects forms of patriarchy which overlap with and incorporate rural ideas of labour and the place of women on farms.</p><p> </p>
Working Through Hunter S. Thompson's Strange and Terrible Saga
Authors: Forsberg Jennifer Hagen 
Published: April 2016

The subjective and participatory method of New Journalism provides practitioner Hunter S. Thompson access to the kinds of creative, cultural entrepreneurship seen in postwar American narratives. In his reported and written “work,” Thompson not only self-consciously performs class personas, but markets those identities as a model of enterprise through creative economy. Thompson’s critical perspective and status position approximates what sociologists call a “cultural omnivore,” someone who consumes all forms of culture, but who reproduces a position of privilege in doing so. In Hell’s Angels (1966), Thompson uses the privilege granted by omnivoracity to transform the limitations of the worker-writer into a commodifiable and safe identity that can access and reign over other social groups. By prioritizing his status as “pro,” Thompson manipulates the symbolic and cultural capital of class identity, providing himself an opportunity to feature individual over collective politics. Yet to accomplish this, Thompson relies on representing—and exploiting—the working class. Thompson exemplifies the class performative aspect of a working persona that is able to attain cultural domination through the manipulation of working-class identities in literary markets.
A Rehearsal for Revolution: The Hybrid Persona of the Graduate Student Teacher
Authors: Sant Andrea 
Published: April 2016

This mixed-form essay examines the graduate student teacher (GST) by utilizing Augusto Boal’s concept of the spect-actor. This theatre concept is used to illuminate two distinct aspects of the graduate student-teachers’ persona: first their initiation into theoretical literacy, and second, their opportunity for vigorous critical, even revolutionary activism. An embedded graduate student essay explores the author’s personal GST experience within a larger frame of current U.S. university employment trends and against the author’s current university experiences and performances. This work asks: What kinds of power do GSTs command? What kinds of power are they bound by, in their simultaneous, hybrid performance of students and teachers? And, in light of the growing numbers of part-time and temporary faculty teaching at U.S. institutions, what are the ramifications of a shrinking minority of university faculty (the tenured) wielding primacy in institutional policy making and the creation and maintenance of the social and workplace culture? The essay concludes by exploring these issues at the author’s institution, the University of Guam.
Staging Nancy Cunard: The Question of Persona in Dramatizing Her Life and Work
Authors: Colby Sasha 
Published: April 2016

Nancy Cunard presents us with one of modernism’s most concentrated examples of the role of persona in shaping the reception of a literary figure. A writer, publisher, and activist, Cunard was firmly entrenched in the working world, an attachment that she makes clear in her varied autobiographical writings. By contrast, the tabloid press, other modernists, and critics have deployed various versions of Cunard – a series of personas marked by their variety (racist vs. race reformer; dilettante vs. pioneering intellectual); the intensity of the debate as to which one constitutes the ‘real’ Nancy Cunard; and, frequently, the marked exclusion of many of Cunard’s working activities. In this process-based account, the author considers the range and scope of the personas that have circulated around Cunard, Cunard’s establishment of a working counter-persona in her autobiographical writing, and the processes of working with these competing iterations in her play about Cunard’s life and work, These Were the Hours.