bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective unbiased experience with three acellular dermal matrices in breast reconstruction
Authors: Chang Edward I. , Liu Jun 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundThe use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) has become the standard of care in breast reconstruction. However, the majority of current studies are biased or combine large databases introducing inherent flaws. Here, we present a prospective single surgeon experience comparing three ADM.MethodsAll expander based breast reconstructions between 2014 and 2015 using ADM were included.ResultsEighteen patients (32 breasts) underwent reconstruction using Flex Pliable, 15 patients (22 breasts) used Alloderm, and 14 patients (20 breasts) had Dermacell. There were no significant differences in patient demographics or comorbidities. All expanders were placed into a subpectoral position, and there were no direct to implant cases. Average intraoperative fill was comparable, (Flex: 225 cc, Alloderm: 180 cc, Dermacell: 130 cc). There were no differences in seroma, infection, or mastectomy skin flap necrosis rates. There were no cases of red breast, expander explanation or failed reconstruction in any cohort. Time to drain removal was significantly shorter in Flex and Dermacell patients compared to Alloderm (20 days vs 15 days vs 26 days, respectively; P = 0.01).ConclusionsWhile there are differences between available ADM, successful outcomes can be achieved with proper patient selection, sound surgical technique, and diligent post‐operative management.
A New Four‐Arm Organosiloxane with Thermopolymerizable Trifluorovinyl ether Groups: Synthesis and Conversion to the Polymer with both Low Dielectric Constant and Low Water Uptake
Authors: Xin Yumeng , Wang Jiajia , Jin Kaikai , Luo Yijie , Zhou Junfeng , Wang Yuanqiang , Sun Jing , Zheng Shijun , Fang Qiang 
Published: April 2017

A new fluoro‐containing four‐arm organosiloxane has been successfully synthesized, which can be easily converted to a cross‐linked network, showing water uptake of below 0.12 wt% (maintained in boiling water for 72 h) and dielectric constant of below 2.56 with dissipation factor of near 1.8 × 10−3 at 30 MHz, as well as showing high transparency and good thermostability. These data indicate that this new organosiloxane is suitable as an adhesive or sealant for the applications in microelectronic industry.
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A survey on abnormal uterine bleeding among radiographers with frequent MRI exposure using intrauterine contraceptive devices
Authors: Huss A. , Schaap K. , Kromhout H. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeBased on a previous case report of menometrorrhagia (prolonged/excessive uterine bleeding, occurring at irregular and/or frequent intervals) in MRI workers with intrauterine devices (IUDs), it was evaluated whether this association could be confirmed.MethodsA survey was performed among 381 female radiographers registered with their national association. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations of abnormal uterine bleeding with the frequency of working with MRI scanners, presence near the scanner/in the scanner room during image acquisition, and with scanner strength or type.ResultsA total of 68 women reported using IUDs, and 72 reported abnormal uterine bleeding. Compared with unexposed women not using IUDs, the odds ratio in women with IUDs working with MRI scanners was 2.09 (95% confidence interval 0.83–3.66). Associations were stronger if women working with MRI reported being present during image acquisition (odds ratio 3.43, 95% CI 1.26–9.34). Associations with scanner strength or type were not consistent.ConclusionsRadiographers using IUDs who are occupationally exposed to stray fields from MRI scanners report abnormal uterine bleeding more often than their co‐workers without an IUD, or nonexposed co‐workers with an IUD. In particular, radiographers present inside the scanner room during image acquisition showed an increased risk. Magn Reson Med 79:1083–1089, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Is testosterone important in LUT function in men and women? ICI‐RS 2015
Authors: Badawi Jasmin Katrin , Bosch Ruud , Djurhuus Jens Christian , Hanna‐Mitchell Ann T. 
Published: April 2017

AimThis review article is a collaborative report based upon the Authors’ presentations and Group discussion on the role of testosterone (T) in the male and female lower urinary tract (LUT) which took place at the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence Research Society's (ICI‐RS) annual meeting, in Bristol, UK (September 8–10, 2015).MethodsIt comprises overviews and opinions on both the current state of knowledge of the role of T in LUT function and dysfunction in both sexes.ResultsResults from animal studies suggest that T treatment may be beneficial for disorders of the LUT in women including urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse. The need for clinical studies to evaluate the effect of T treatment in peri‐ and post‐menopausal women, taking into account the type of applied androgen, the application form, timing and dosage, is especially emphasized. In males, findings on the impact of T on the male external urethral sphincter underscores that there is still much to learn about its role in male LUT physiology. The important topic of the use of T therapy in the treatment of enuresis in the young, both sexes, is also discussed. The importance of understanding the steroidogenic pathways linking T with estradiol is discussed as being of paramount importance in researching the unique actions of T in the LUT.ConclusionThe overall conclusion is that further research into the role of T in LUT function and dysfunction across genders and age groups (young to old) is extremely important. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:859–862, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Under what circumstances should stress incontinence surgery be performed at the same time as prolapse surgery? ICI‐RS 2015
Authors: Khullar Vik , Anding Ralf , Robinson Dudley , Castro‐Diaz David , Dmochowski Roger , Cardozo Linda 
Published: April 2017

AIMSAn International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS) Think Tank in 2015 discussed and evaluated the evidence of when stress incontinence surgery should be performed with prolapse surgery and highlighted evidence gaps, with the aim of recommending further clinical and research proposals.METHODSA review of the literature assessing randomized studies where women with vaginal prolapse have been randomized to vaginal prolapse surgery with or without continence surgery were evaluated. The different clinical presentations were also evaluated and their impact on outcome was critically reviewed.RESULTSThere are three symptomatic groups of women with vaginal prolapse who are treated. The first group is continent women with vaginal prolapse. The second group has stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and vaginal prolapse. The last group has vaginal prolapse and have been found through testing to have occult SUI. The studies have reported a range of outcomes for each of these groups. There are different outcomes based on the surgical method used to correct the prolapse and also the different continence surgical techniques. There are insufficient studies to allow firm conclusions to be drawn. The economic impact of the different management pathways is also discussed although costs vary according to different national medical funding systems.CONCLUSIONSThere is considerable uncertainty about the optimal method of managing women with vaginal prolapse and stress incontinence due to the different surgical techniques available. In particular the group of women with occult SUI are a challenge as the optimal diagnostic method has not yet been defined.
The histone methyltransferaseEZH2is a therapeutic target in small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type
Authors: Wang Yemin , Chen Shary Yuting , Karnezis Anthony N , Colborne Shane , Santos Nancy Dos , Lang Jessica D , Hendricks William PD , Orlando Krystal A , Yap Damian , Kommoss Friedrich , Bally Marcel B , Morin Gregg B , Trent Jeffrey M , Weissman Bernard E , Huntsman David G 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSmall cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcaemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare but aggressive and untreatable malignancy affecting young women. We and others recently discovered thatSMARCA4, a gene encoding theATPaseof theSWI/SNFchromatin‐remodelling complex, is the only gene recurrently mutated in the majority ofSCCOHT. The low somatic complexity ofSCCOHTgenomes and the prominent role of theSWI/SNFchromatin‐remodelling complex in transcriptional control of genes suggest thatSCCOHTcells may rely on epigenetic rewiring for oncogenic transformation. Herein, we report that approximately 80% (19/24) ofSCCOHTtumour samples have strong expression of the histone methyltransferaseEZH2by immunohistochemistry, with the rest expressing variable amounts ofEZH2. Re‐expression ofSMARCA4suppressed the expression ofEZH2inSCCOHTcells. In comparison to other ovarian cell lines,SCCOHTcells displayed hypersensitivity toEZH2 shRNAsand two selectiveEZH2inhibitors,GSK126andEPZ‐6438.EZH2inhibitors induced cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and cell differentiation inSCCOHTcells, along with the induction of genes involved in cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and neuron‐like differentiation.EZH2inhibitors suppressed tumour growth and improved the survival of mice bearingSCCOHTxenografts. Therefore, our data suggest that loss ofSMARCA4creates a dependency on the catalytic activity ofEZH2inSCCOHTcells and that pharmacological inhibition ofEZH2is a promising therapeutic strategy for treating this disease. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early to mid Wisconsin Fluvial Deposits and Palaeoenvironment of the Kidluit Formation, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, Western Arctic Canada
Authors: Murton Julian B. , Bateman Mark D. , Telka Alice M. , Waller Richard , Whiteman Colin , Kuzmina Svetlana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Kidluit Formation (Fm) is a fluvial sand deposit that extends regionally across the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada. It was deposited by a large river flowing north into the Arctic Ocean before development of a cold‐climate sandy desert and later glaciation by the Laurentide Ice Sheet. Lithostratigraphic and sedimentological field observations of the Summer Island area indicate deposition of the Kidluit Fm by a braided river system. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of Kidluit sand provides eight OSL ages of 76–27 ka, which indicate deposition during Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 4 and MIS 3. Radiocarbon dating of well‐preserved weevil remains, a willow twig, wild raspberry seeds and bulrush achenes provides non‐finite 14C ages of >52 200, >51 700, >45 900 and >54 700 14C BP and are assigned an age of either MIS 4 or early MIS 3. Plant macrofossils from the sand deposit indicate spruce forest conditions and climate slightly warmer than present, whereas insect fossils indicate tundra conditions slightly colder than present. The river system that deposited the Kidluit Fm was probably either a pre‐Laurentide Mackenzie River or the palaeo‐Porcupine River, or a combination of the two. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The impact of the nonlinear balance equation on a 3D‐Var cycle during an Australian‐winter month as compared with the regressed wind–mass balance
Authors: Song Hyo‐Jong , Kwun Jihye , Kwon In‐Hyuk , Ha Ji‐Hyun , Kang Jeon‐Ho , Lee Sihye , Chun Hyoung‐Wook , Lim Sujeong 
Published: April 2017

This study investigates how the balance between wind and mass is treated in data assimilation, and how it affects the quality of the model states in an analysis–forecast cycle. This is done in terms of the dependence of balance on latitude and on the type of variable. The impact of the nonlinear balance equation is compared with regressed wind–mass balance in the 3‐Dimensional Variational data assimilation (3D‐Var) system of the Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems (KIAPS). Its impact is significantly positive in temperature rather than in wind, despite the two‐way influence of the cross‐correlation between wind and mass, in terms of the root‐mean‐square difference (RMSD) of 6 h forecasts against the ERA‐Interim reanalysis data. This temperature effect is observed in the southern hemispheric (SH) polar jet of the mid‐troposphere, the SH midlatitudinal jet, and the mid/lower stratosphere in the Tropics, where there is strong zonal mean flow. Although the zonal wind forecast was harmed by application of the nonlinear balance, the temporal consistency of the damage is relatively weak compared to the improvement by the nonlinear balance in the temperature forecasts.In the SH midlatitudinal jet and the mid/lower stratosphere in the Tropics, the nonlinear balance equation, including the advection term, improves the quality of temperature RMSDs in the analysis–forecast cycle by imposing the proper balance in the initial conditions. However, in the SH polar jet of the mid‐troposphere, where the observation density is relatively low, the nonlinear balance equation achieves the same effect by reducing the analysis error (i.e. generating initial conditions more accurately). The nonlinear balance equation contributes to robustly improving the model states of the analysis–forecast cycles, depending on the dynamical activity and the observation density of the corresponding regions.
Sr2+ has low efficiency in regulating spontaneous release at the Calyx of Held synapses
Authors: Zhang Shuli , Wang Xuefeng , Wang Xiaohui , Shen Xuefeng , Sun Jianyuan , Hu Xintian , Chen Peihua 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIt has been known that Ca2+ plays an essential role in mediating different modes of neurotransmitter release via different sensing mechanisms. Synaptotagmin 1, 2, and 9 were found to act as the Ca2+ sensors for synchronous release and synaptotagmin 7 and Doc‐2 were proposed as the Ca2+ sensors for asynchronous release. Comparatively, the Ca2+ sensor for spontaneous release remains a mystery. At the Calyx of Held synapse, the Ca2+sensor for spontaneous release was found not identical to the sensor for synchronous release, synaptotagmin 2. As Ca2+ sensors have different sensitivity to Sr2+ and Ca2+ and induce significantly different rate of vesicle release, Sr2+ is traditionally used as a tool to examine the intrinsic properties of different Ca2+ sensors. Here, we employed cell‐attached patch recording and presynaptic/postsynaptic whole‐cell recording at the Calyx of Held synapses of synaptotagmin 2 knock‐out mice to assay the Sr2+ and Ca2+ influx into the nerve terminal at resting potential and observed the effects of Ca2+ and Sr2+ on spontaneous neurotransmitter release. We found that the dwell time of single voltage gated Ca2+ channel opening increased around threefold for Sr2+ than Ca2+ with the channel conductance unchanged; the divalent cation sensing machinery in regulating spontaneous release has much lower sensitivity to Sr2+ than Ca2+. Thus, our study reveals some of the intrinsic properties of Ca2+ sensor(s) of spontaneous transmitter release and provided an insight into the underlying mechanisms.
Acquisition of Water Solubility Diagrams in Ternary Systems (AOT/Organic Solvent/Alcohol) and Extraction of α‐Lactalbumin Using Reverse Micellar Systems
Authors: Gomes Glêce Milene Santana , Bonomo Renata Cristina Ferreira , Veloso Cristiane Martins , da Silva Luis Henrique Mendes , da Costa Ilhéu Fontan Rafael , Gandolfi Olga Reinert Ramos , Gonçalves Gabriel Ramos Ferreira , Sampaio Vanessa Santos 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this study water solubility curves were constructed and calorimetric measurements obtained for reverse micellar systems consisting of an alcohol (isopropanol or butanol), surfactant (AOT) and organic solvent (isooctane or hexane). Also evaluated were the effects of alcohol and solvent type and surfactant concentration on the extraction of the α‐lactalbumin (α–la). From the obtained solubility diagrams for ternary systems, it was concluded that isooctane presented the highest water solubility capacity in the center of the micelle systems with hexane, since isooctane has greater molecular volume and greater effect of the surfactant aggregation number. With respect to the alcohols, it was observed that isopropanol and butanol act in the system as a co‐surfactant, since they prefer to adsorb at the water/solvent interface. It was also verified that butanol improved water solubility inside the reverse micellar due to its contribution to increase the critical packing parameter. The amount of α‐la extracted increased proportionally with the AOT concentration for systems with isooctane and hexane. However, for systems with the latter solvent, the concentration of extracted protein first increases and then decreases. The extraction power of reverse micellar systems with isooctane was influenced by the type of alcohol with butanol showing better results. For systems containing hexane there was no effect of the alcohol added to the system on extraction power of α‐lactalbumin.
The growth of chronic conditions: Search for solutions to the problem
Authors: Mednis Dmitry 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe chronic conditions growth is determined by an increase of cases of adaptive system imbalance following a recent disease. One of its most significant causes is decrease of crisis importance (a stage of disease) as a moderator of a qualitative changeover of an adaptive system. The contemporary treatment methods increase efficiency of pre‐crises adaptive responses, but simultaneously they equalize the crisis to a level, which is insufficient for complete after‐crisis alignment of body defenses. But the crisis is the very key to a solution to a chronic conditions problem. One of the ways of the problem solving is medical interventions, which cause sparing provocation crisis and a successive changeover of an adaptive system. Based on this it is worth reviewing critically, studying and developing the existing experience of bio‐regulatory therapy, where the principle of sparing provocation is often used. The new term definitions, such as “medical intervention”, “health problems”, “crisis” are described in terms of biomedicine. The patients and physicians should be motivated to deal with chronic conditions correction and the aforesaid sets new tasks before a health care system.
Motor system dysfunction in the schizophrenia diathesis: Neural systems to neurotransmitters
Authors: Abboud R. , Noronha C. , Diwadkar V.A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMotor control is a ubiquitous aspect of human function, and from its earliest origins, abnormal motor control has been proposed as being central to schizophrenia. The neurobiological architecture of the motor system is well understood in primates and involves cortical and sub-cortical components including the primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, dorsal anterior cingulate cortex, the prefrontal cortex, the basal ganglia, and cerebellum. Notably all of these regions are associated in some manner to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. At the molecular scale, both dopamine and γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) abnormalities have been associated with working memory dysfunction, but particularly relating to the basal ganglia and the prefrontal cortex respectively. As evidence from multiple scales (behavioral, regional and molecular) converges, here we provide a synthesis of the bio-behavioral relevance of motor dysfunction in schizophrenia, and its consistency across scales. We believe that the selective compendium we provide can supplement calls arguing for renewed interest in studying the motor system in schizophrenia. We believe that in addition to being a highly relevant target for the study of schizophrenia related pathways in the brain, such focus provides tractable behavioral probes forin vivoimaging studies in the illness. Our assessment is that the motor system is a highly valuable research domain for the study of schizophrenia.
Residence at Moderate Versus Low Altitude Is Effective at Maintaining Higher Oxygen Saturation During Exercise and Reducing Acute Mountain Sickness Following Fast Ascent to 4559 m
Authors: Bernardi Eva , Pomidori Luca , Cavallari Davide , Mandolesi Gaia , Cogo Annalisa 
Published: April 2017

Objective To continuously monitor oxygen saturation (SpO2) by pulse oximeter and assess the development of acute mountain sickness (AMS) using the Lake Louise Score (LLS) during ascent from 1154 to 4559 m in 2 groups of subjects: 10 moderate-altitude residents (MAR; ≥1000–≤2500 m) and 34 low-altitude residents (LAR). MAR are reported to have a lower incidence of AMS during ascent to higher altitudes compared with LAR. Whether this is related to higher SpO2 is still open to debate. Methods Seventy subjects were recruited; 24-hour SpO2 monitoring with finger pulse oximetry was performed. All subjects rode a cable car from 1154 to 3275 m and then climbed to 3647 m, where 60 subjects (LAR) overnighted. The second day, 34/60 LAR reached the highest altitude. Ten subjects who lived permanently at 1100 to 1400 m (MAR) climbed directly to 4559 m without an overnight stop. Results One LAR was excluded from the analysis because he performed a preacclimatization. We compared data of 10 MAR with data of 33 LAR who reached 4559 m. Two MAR had an LLS of 3, and 8 scored <3. Six LAR had an LLS of 3 to 4, 8 scored ≥5, and 19 scored <3. SpO2 monitoring showed higher mean SpO2 in MAR during ascent above 3600 m compared with LAR (MAR, 79±4% vs LAR, 76±5%; analysis of variance, P = .03). Conclusions The results of this preliminary study suggest that residence at moderate altitude allows maintenance of higher SpO2 and reduces risk of developing AMS during rapid ascent to higher altitude.
Permian basinal ammonoid sequence in Nanpanjiang area of South China—possible overlap between basinal Guadalupian and platform-based Lopingian
Authors: Zhou Zuren 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Permian pandemic ammonoids in Nanpanjiang Basin (41 genera, including two new generaGlenisterocerasandFusicrimites, and 56 species, including 21 new species) are systematically described and/or discussed. New species described in this paper areAgathiceras sequaxiliraen. sp.,Akmilleria parahuecoensisn. sp.,Aristoceras liuzhaiensen. sp.,Bamyaniceras nandanensen. sp.,Bamyaniceras yangchangensen. sp.,Bransonoceras longyinensen. sp.,Difuntites furnishin. sp.,Emilites globosusn. sp.,Eoaraxoceras spinosain. sp.,Eumedlicottia kabiensisn. sp.,Fusicrimites nanpanjiangensisn. gen. n. sp.,Glenisteroceras sidazhaiensen. gen. n. sp.,Metaperrinites shaiwaensisn. sp.,Miklukhoceras guizhouensen. sp.,Neocrimites guizhouensisn. sp.,Neopronorites leonovaen. sp.,Popanoceras ziyunensen. sp.,Properrinites gigantusn. sp.,Stacheoceras shaiwaensen. sp.,Svetlanoceras uraloceraformisn. sp., andSynartinskia meyaoensen. sp. A relatively complete Permian basinal ammonoid sequence with six zones has been newly recognized in South China, in ascending order,Properrinites gigantus-Svetlanoceras serpentinum,Svetlanoceras uraloceraformis-Prothalassoceras biforme,Popanoceras kueichowense-Medlicottia orbignyanus,Metaperrinites shaiwaensis-Popanoceras ziyunense,Waagenocerassp.-Propinacoceras beyrichi, andEoaraxoceras spinosai-Difuntites furnishi. The upper three zones are close to being duplicated from the Permian of Las Delicias, Coahuila, Mexico and west Texas, USA; while the lower three zones compare well to those of the Lower Permian in South Urals. TheEoaraxoceras-Difuntitesassemblage, as an index fauna of the upper Capitanian in Coahuila, has been found from the Claystone (3rd) Member of the Shaiwa Formation with the commonly accepted Lopingian stratigraphic age. The updated Permian ammonoid biostratigraphy in South China reveals a possible overlap between the basinal Guadalupian from North America and the platform-based Lopingian from South China.