bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of surgical inguinal hernia repair on testicular blood supply: A prospective superb microvascular imaging ultrasonography study
Authors: Ozdemir Sevim , Selcuk Can Tuba , Turkay Rustu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeIn this study, we aimed to evaluate the differences in vascularity between the testis on the inguinal hernia (IH) side and the contralateral healthy testis by performing preoperative and postoperative (first month) examinations with superb microvascular imaging ultrasonography (SMI USG), and to compare results with power Doppler (PD) USG.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 35 patients diagnosed with IH between April 2023 and July 2023 who were hospitalized in the general surgery ward of a tertiary hospital for IH surgery were evaluated.ResultsThe postoperative vascular index (VI) values obtained by SMI were found to be significantly lower than preoperative VI values in both operated and non‐operated testes (p < 0.001). The VI values obtained with PD in the postoperative period were significantly lower in the operated and nonoperated testes on both sides compared with the VI values obtained in the preoperative period (p < 0.001 and p = 0.029, respectively). There was a significant difference between preoperative and postoperative VI difference values obtained by SMI and PD on the operated side (p = 0.015).ConclusionIn our study examining patients who had undergone IH surgery, testicular vascularity was assessed more precisely with the SMI USG method compared with the PD method.
Energetic Azoxy‐Coupled Tetrazoles
Authors: Scherschel Nicholas F. , Zeller Matthias , Piercey Davin G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAzoxy coupling of 5‐amino‐1‐methyl‐tetrazole, 5‐amino‐2‐methyl‐tetrazole, and 5‐amino‐1‐methoxy‐tetrazole was performed by reacting each with various oxidants. These reactions revealed aqueous Oxone to be the most facile system for yielding the azoxy couple for the previously mentioned tetrazoles. Chemical and structural characterization of each novel azoxy‐coupled tetrazole was conducted with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS, and single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction. Energetic characterization was evaluated by analysis of each compounds' single crystal x‐ray diffraction density, impact sensitivity, friction sensitivity, and decomposition temperature. All compounds were found to be very sensitive to impact and friction stimuli.
Identification, Synthesis, and Characterization of Process Related Impurities in the Synthesis of Boc‐L‐Lys(Boc)‐OSu
Authors: Pakhurde Amit H. , Kishore D. V. P. , Kotharkar Sandeep A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTProtected lysine esters (Boc‐L‐Lys(Boc)‐OSu) an intermediate of high repute in the peptide synthesis and diverse chemical synthetic applications, was the subject of synthetic process development studies, unveiling process‐related impurities. These impurities were synthesized, characterized, and identified by different analytical tools, with their retention times verified by HPLC co‐injection with commercial products. Detailed discussions ensued on the potential formation pathways and synthetic strategies of these process‐related impurities.
Synthesis of Novel Nitroimidazole‐Pyrazole Hybrids via an Attractive Methodology of N‐Alkylation of 4(5)‐Nitro‐1H‐imidazole
Authors: Silva Rafaela Corrêa , dos Santos Maurício Silva 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTImidazole is one of the most important heterocyclic rings. This nucleus can be found in a plethora of substances in different knowledge areas such as medicinal, agrochemical, polymer, and dyestuff. N‐alkylation reactions involving N − 1 atom is a remarkable tool to synthesize many imidazole derivatives which can be attached to a great variety of functional groups. In this work, we synthesized 10 new intermediates 4‐chlorobutyl 1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylates 3(a–j) from 1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonyl chlorides, obtained from 1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acids 4(a–j), and 4‐chlorobutan‐1‐ol 1, generated by THF ring‐opening promoted by hydrochloric acid. Compounds 3(a–j) promoted N‐alkylation of 4(5)‐nitro‐1H‐imidazole to afford the targets 4‐(4‐nitro‐1H‐imidazol‐1‐yl)butyl 1‐aryl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylates 2(a–j) in 18%–85% yields.
Paediatric computed tomography diagnostic reference levels in Africa: A systematic review
Authors: Gyan Emmanuel , Subaar Christiana , Edusei George , Antwi Nyarko Linda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionImprovements in computed tomography (CT) technology in terms of image quality and reduction in absorbed dose have increased its applications in medical imaging. Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) help to identify high radiation doses that are unusually delivered to patients undergoing exposure to ionising radiation. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of published studies by African researchers towards establishing paediatric CT DRLs in Africa.MethodsThe search for articles was conducted using some relevant literature search engines including PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Web of Science. Two reviewers were involved in the article selection process which involved a three‐stage screening process of identifying; article titles, abstracts and full‐test reading.ResultsOne hundred and seventy‐four articles were identified from the database, PubMed (30), Scopus (21), Google Scholar (53), Web of Science (25) and Science Direct (45). Fifty duplicated articles were excluded before screening. Twelve peer‐reviewed articles were included in this study based on the inclusion criteria. DRL values in terms of computed tomography dose index volume of head for the age groupings 0–1, 1–5, 5–10 and 10–15 were 27, 36.6, 39.5 and 47.5 mGy while the dose length product values were 461.6, 664, 872 and 978 mGy.cm respectively. The DRLs were calculated as 75th percentile of the local DRLs reported by the 12 articles included in this review.ConclusionThis review has shown that only few of the African countries (19%) have published studies on paediatric CT DRLs. There were variations in the DRLs published by the various authors which indicate that harmonisation and standardisation of paediatric CT protocols is essential for the optimisation of paediatric doses.
Ankle osteoarthritis: Toward new understanding and opportunities for prevention and intervention
Authors: Anderson Donald D. , Ledoux William R. , Lenz Amy L. , Wilken Jason , Easley Mark E. , de Cesar Netto Cesar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ankle infrequently develops primary osteoarthritis (OA), especially when compared to the hip and the knee. Ankle OA instead generally develops only after trauma. The consequences of end‐stage ankle OA can nonetheless be extremely debilitating, with impairment comparable to that of end‐stage kidney disease or congestive heart failure. Disconcertingly, evidence suggests that ankle OA can develop more often than is generally appreciated after even low‐energy rotational ankle fractures and chronic instability associated with recurrent ankle sprains, albeit at a slower rate than after more severe trauma. The mechanisms whereby ankle OA develops after trauma are poorly understood, but mechanical factors are implicated. A better understanding of the prevalence and mechanical etiology of post‐traumatic ankle OA can lead to better prevention and mitigation. New surgical and conservative interventions, including improved ligamentous repair strategies and custom carbon fiber bracing, hold promise for advancing treatment that may prevent residual ankle instability and the development of ankle OA. Studies are needed to fill in key knowledge gaps here related to etiology so that the interventions can target key factors. New technologies, including weight bearing CT and biplane fluoroscopy, offer fresh opportunities to better understand the relationships between trauma, ankle alignment, residual ankle instability, OA development, and foot/ankle function. This paper begins by reviewing the epidemiology of post‐traumatic ankle OA, presents evidence suggesting that new treatment options might be successful at preventing ankle OA, and then highlights recent technical advances in understanding of the origins of ankle OA to identify directions for future research.
vHIT and fHIT in Patients With Migraine, Vestibular Migraine, and Persistent Postural‐Perceptual Dizziness
Authors: Kirazli Gulce , Balayeva Fidan , Kacan Yilmaz Melis , Kaya Isa , Kirazli Tayfun , Gokcay Figen , Celebisoy Nese 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveImpairment in the integration of different vestibular stimuli is the proposed mechanisms in vestibular migraine (VM). In this study, it was aimed to assess the vestibulo‐ocular reflex (VOR) and dynamic visual acuity (DVA) in patients with VM and to compare the results with migraine without vestibular symptoms (MwoV), and persistent postural‐perceptual dizziness (PPPD) to find out if there are discriminative differences and search for a correlation with the levels of anxiety.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with MwoV, 23 patients with VM, 22 patients with PPPD, and 23 healthy controls (HC) were studied. Video head impulse test (vHIT) and functional head impulse test (fHIT) without and with an optokinetic background (OB) were performed. Percentage of correctly identified optotypes (CA%) was considered for the fHIT test. Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) was used to assess anxiety.ResultsLateral canal vHIT gain of the patient groups were not different from the healthy controls (p > 0.05). fHIT and fHIT/OB CA% results of all patient groups were lower than the HC (p < 0.005), and VM patients had the lowest scores for both tests. BAI scores of the PPPD patients were the highest and a correlation between anxiety levels, and fHIT results could not be identified (p > 0.05).ConclusionProminent CA% drop by the use of an OB was the main finding in patients with VM. This discriminative feature was not correlated with anxiety scores. Difficulty in resolving the conflict between visual and vestibular inputs seem to be the underlying mechanism.Level of Evidence3 Laryngoscope, 135:857–863, 2025
Washing Illness Away: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Nasal Irrigation and Spray on COVID‐19
Authors: Gandhi Karan , Paczkowski Freeman , Sowerby Leigh 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveNasal irrigation is a common treatment for sinonasal disorders; however, it is unknown if it can reduce SARS‐CoV‐2 nasopharyngeal viral load (NVL). This systematic review investigated the efficacy of nasal irrigation with saline, povidone iodine (PVP‐I), and intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) at reducing SARS‐CoV‐2 NVL and transmissibility.Data SourcesDatabases including Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov.Review MethodsA systematic review was completed with pre‐defined search criteria using keywords related to nasal irrigation and COVID‐19 from 1946 through January 2024. This review followed PRISMA reporting guidelines and was registered on PROSPERO. Only in‐vivo studies testing nasal irrigation with either saline, PVP‐I, or INCS for reducing NVL were included.ResultsNine out of ten studies on saline‐based solutions reported positive effects in reducing NVL, with benefits noted in earlier time to negative nasopharyngeal PCR and a greater decline in NVL during early study time points, compared with controls. Isotonic and hypertonic saline mediums were found to be effective with three studies demonstrating enhanced efficacy with additives. Four out of seven studies on PVP‐I showed a positive effect on reducing NVL, but results were heterogenous. Four studies demonstrated reduction of transmission with saline or PVP‐I. No studies were found on INCS.ConclusionSaline nasal irrigation showed the best efficacy in reducing SARS‐CoV‐2 NVL. Additives to saline may have a clinical benefit, but further studies are needed to elucidate their isolated impacts on NVL. Data on PVP‐I is inconclusive and further studies are warranted to determine the ideal concentration for irrigation. Laryngoscope, 135:517–528, 2025
Effectiveness of Walker's cancellation theorem
Authors: Al‐Hellawi Layth , Alvir Rachael , Csima Barbara F. , Xie Xinyue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWalker's cancellation theorem for abelian groups tells us that if is finitely generated and and are such that , then . Deveau showed that the theorem can be effectivized, but not uniformly. In this paper, we expand on Deveau's initial analysis to show that the complexity of uniformly outputting an index of an isomorphism between and , given indices for , , , the isomorphism between and , and the rank of , is . Moreover, we find that the complexity remains even if the generators in the copies of are specified.
Unlocking the power of peer influence: Strategies for bridging the adoption chasm in new product diffusion
Authors: Li Zhihui , Jiao Yuanyuan , Cheng Yangyang , Shen Zhifeng , Zhou Mi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNew product diffusion relies heavily on interpersonal relationships, yet the adoption chasm between the early adopters and the early majority poses a significant challenge. The pervasiveness of peer influence in social networks presents unique opportunities for businesses to effectively bridge this chasm between user groups. This study, grounded in social–psychological theory, examines the micro‐processes of early adopters' peer influence on the early majority within social networks. Utilizing the stimulus–organism–response model, we propose that early adopter peer influence can enhance early majority adoption intention, thereby crossing the chasm of new product diffusion. Empirical findings reveal that early adopters' peer influence, directly and indirectly, affects the early majority's adoption decisions. When indirect effects are at play, the early majority emphasizes the emotional and social values embedded within the new product, driven by the early adopters' peer influence. These insights contribute to understanding how interactions between user types can help bridge the adoption chasm. The study augments, refines, and expands upon existing research on new product diffusion chasms and offers valuable practical guidance for businesses seeking to harness peer influence more effectively to overcome this barrier.
One‐Stage Bilateral Severe Trismus Reconstruction: Simultaneous Utilization of Free Anterolateral Thigh and Tensor Fascia Latae Flaps From a Single Donor Thigh: Report of Three Cases
Authors: Ye Jia‐Siang , Benjamin Ng Kwan Lok , Ramachandran Savitha , Wang Yu‐Chi , Chang Chao‐Wei , Kuo Yur‐Ren 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBilateral trismus associated with oral cancer was commonly occurred in those who had received surgical intervention and radiotherapy. Complete release of bilateral fibrotic tissues followed by free flaps reconstruction was the main current surgical intervention. However, reconstructions of both defects mostly needed to harvest two flaps from different donor sites were time‐consuming and increasing morbidities. Herein, we presented three cases who undergone modified reconstructive method by harvesting the anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap and tensor fascia latae (TFL) flap simultaneously from the same donor site. Trismus release was performed including resection of the buccal part and fibrotic tissue, myotomy of the masticatory and medial pterygoid muscles, and bilateral coronoidectomy. Case 1, a 52 years‐old man, with severe trismus as the interincisal distance (IID) was about 0 mm. He undergone a combined 12 × 7.5 cm ALT and 11 × 6 cm TFL flap reconstruction from a single‐donor thigh. The IID apparently increased to 37 mm after 1‐year follow‐up. Case 2, a 64 years‐old man, went through a combination of 6 × 7 cm ALT and 6 × 6 cm TFL flap reconstruction from unilateral thigh for severe trismus. The IID significantly improved from 10 mm to 30 mm after one and a half‐year follow‐up. Case 3, a 53 years‐old woman, with IID was around 0 mm before the surgery. A combined 9 × 3 cm ALT and 9 × 3 cm TFL flap reconstruction was performed as the IID enhanced to 20 mm after 6 months follow‐up. This reconstruction method using ALT and TFL flaps harvested from a single‐donor thigh simultaneously could be suitable for patients with bilateral severe trismus.
A hybrid, nonlinear programming approach for optimizing passive shimming in MRI
Authors: Zhao Jie , Zhu Minhua , Xia Ling , Fan Yifeng , Liu Feng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), maintaining a highly uniform main magnetic field (B0) is essential for producing detailed images of human anatomy. Passive shimming (PS) is a technique used to enhance B0 uniformity by strategically arranging shimming iron pieces inside the magnet bore. Traditionally, PS optimization has been implemented using linear programming (LP), posing challenges in balancing field quality with the quantity of iron used for shimming.PurposeIn this work, we aimed to improve the efficacy of passive shimming that has the advantages of balancing field quality, iron usage, and harmonics in an optimal manner and leads to a smoother field profile.MethodsThis study introduces a hybrid algorithm that combines particle swarm optimization with sequential quadratic programming (PSO‐SQP) to enhance shimming performance. Additionally, a regularization method is employed to reduce the iron pieces' weight effectively.ResultsThe simulation study demonstrated that the magnetic field was improved from 462 to 3.6 ppm, utilizing merely 1.2 kg of iron in a 40 cm diameter spherical volume (DSV) of a 7T MRI magnet. Compared to traditional optimization techniques, this method notably enhanced magnetic field uniformity by 96.7% and reduced the iron weight requirement by 81.8%.ConclusionThe results indicated that the proposed method is expected to be effective for passive shimming.
An Eulerian formulation for the computational modeling of phase‐contrast MRI
Authors: Otani Tomohiro , Sekine Tetsuro , Sato Yu , Alves Ellen Cavalcante , Wada Shigeo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeComputational simulation of phase‐contrast MRI (PC‐MRI) is an attractive way to physically interpret properties and errors in MRI‐reconstructed flow velocity fields. Recent studies have developed PC‐MRI simulators that solve the Bloch equation, with the magnetization transport being modeled using a Lagrangian approach. Because this method expresses the magnetization as spatial distribution of particles, influences of particle densities and their spatial uniformities on numerical accuracy are well known. This study developed an alternative method for PC‐MRI modeling using an Eulerian approach in which the magnetization is expressed as a spatially smooth continuous function.MethodsThe magnetization motion was described using the Bloch equation with an advection term and computed on a fixed grid using a finite difference method, and k‐space sampling was implemented using the spoiled gradient echo sequence. PC‐MRI scans of a fully developed flow in straight and stenosed cylinders were acquired to provide numerical examples.ResultsReconstructed flow in a straight cylinder showed excellent agreement with input velocity profiles and mean errors were less than 0.5% of the maximum velocity. Numerical cases of flow in a stenosed cylinder successfully demonstrated the velocity profiles, with displacement artifacts being dependent on scan parameters and intravoxel dephasing due to flow disturbances. These results were in good agreement with those obtained using the Lagrangian approach with a sufficient particle density.ConclusionThe feasibility of the Eulerian approach to PC‐MRI modeling was successfully demonstrated.
Association of Smoking Status and Pack Year History With Urinary Urgency Symptoms
Authors: Michel Katharine F. , Rangnekar Avanti N. , Slinger Michelle , Gan Zoe S. , Smith Ariana L. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesOveractive bladder and its hallmark symptom, urgency, are thought to be multifactorial in pathogenesis. Smoking is a particularly important risk factor to understand because it is modifiable; studies evaluating an association between smoking and urgency have been inconclusive. We therefore sought to rigorously assess the relationship between smoking and urgency in terms of both a temporal and quantitative pack year history of smoking while controlling for other possible confounding factors.MethodsCommunity‐based adult women were recruited using the ResearchMatch website to participate in an online survey of bladder health which included questions to assess urgency symptoms, medical comorbidities, and detailed smoking history. Smoking history was studied as the independent variable in three different formulations: smoking status (never vs. former vs. current), continuous pack year history, and categorical pack year history. The outcomes studied included urgency (any urgency in the past 7 days), moderate urgency (urgency at least half the time), and urgency urinary incontinence (UUI). Chi‐square tests were performed to detect associations between smoking and these outcomes, and multivariate regression was then performed to control for possible confounders and to help determine the comparative influence of temporality versus quantity of smoking history.ResultsIn 1720 women who completed the questionnaire, current smoking status was associated with a 23% increase in the risk of experiencing urgency (RR 1.23) and a 78% increase in the risk of experiencing moderate urgency (RR 1.78) relative to never smokers. The risk of experiencing UUI was 40% higher (RR 1.40). Lifetime pack year history was also significantly associated with urgency outcomes, although only in smokers/former smokers who had a 20+ pack year history (RR 1.15, 1.60, and 1.25 for urgency, moderate urgency, and UUI, respectively). The presence of former smoking history was not significantly associated with urgency outcomes, even when controlling for cumulative pack years.ConclusionsThis analysis of a large cross‐sectional database of women suggests a strong, consistent link between current smoking status and urinary urgency and UUI. By contrast, no increased risk of urgency was attributed to former smoking status. Analysis of pack year history suggests a dose–response relationship wherein ≥ 20 pack years was significantly associated with a higher risk of all urgency outcomes. In models controlling for pack year history, the association of current smoking with urgency remained significant and former smoking remained nonsignificant. Taken together, this supports greater attention being given to the contribution of current smoking to urgency symptoms, and to the need for further longitudinal work to determine if smoking cessation can be a strategy to treat urgency.