bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellular high‐mobility group box 1 mediates pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure
Authors: Zhang Lei , Liu Ming , Jiang Hong , Yu Ying , Yu Peng , Tong Rui , Wu Jian , Zhang Shuning , Yao Kang , Zou Yunzeng , Ge Junbo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractInflammation plays a key role in pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, but the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. High‐mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), which is increased in myocardium under pressure overload, may be involved in pressure overload‐induced cardiac injury. The objectives of this study are to determine the role of HMGB1 in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction under pressure overload. Pressure overload was imposed on the heart of male wild‐type mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC), while recombinant HMGB1, HMGB1 box A (a competitive antagonist of HMGB1) or PBS was injected into the LV wall. Moreover, cardiac myocytes were cultured and given sustained mechanical stress. Transthoracic echocardiography was performed after the operation and sections for histological analyses were generated from paraffin‐embedded hearts. Relevant proteins and genes were detected. Cardiac HMGB1 expression was increased after TAC, which was accompanied by its translocation from nucleus to both cytoplasm and intercellular space. Exogenous HMGB1 aggravated TAC‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction, as demonstrated by echocardiographic analyses, histological analyses and foetal cardiac genes detection. Nevertheless, the aforementioned pathological change induced by TAC could partially be reversed by HMGB1 inhibition. Consistent with the in vivo observations, mechanical stress evoked the release and synthesis of HMGB1 in cultured cardiac myocytes. This study indicates that the activated and up‐regulated HMGB1 in myocardium, which might partially be derived from cardiac myocytes under pressure overload, may be of crucial importance in pressure overload‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac dysfunction.
Killing cancer with platycodin D through multiple mechanisms
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Maryam Amara , Zhang He , Mehmood Tahir , Ma Tonghui 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCancer is a multi‐faceted disease comprised of a combination of genetic, epigenetic, metabolic and signalling aberrations which severely disrupt the normal homoeostasis of cell growth and death. Rational developments of highly selective drugs which specifically block only one of the signalling pathways have been associated with limited therapeutic success. Multi‐targeted prevention of cancer has emerged as a new paradigm for effective anti‐cancer treatment. Platycodin D, a triterpenoid saponin, is one the major active components of the roots of Platycodon grandiflorum and possesses multiple biological and pharmacological properties including, anti‐nociceptive, anti‐atherosclerosis, antiviral, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐obesity, immunoregulatory, hepatoprotective and anti‐tumour activities. Recently, the anti‐cancer activity of platycodin D has been extensively studied. The purpose of this review was to give our perspectives on the current status of platycodin D and discuss its anti‐cancer activity and molecular mechanisms which may help the further design and conduct of pre‐clinical and clinical trials to develop it successfully into a potential lead drug for oncological therapy. Platycodin D has been shown to fight cancer by inducing apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and autophagy and inhibiting angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis by targeting multiple signalling pathways which are frequently deregulated in cancers suggesting that this multi‐target activity rather than a single effect may play an important role in developing platycodin D into potential anti‐cancer drug.
Body composition and basal metabolic rate in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: a Danish population‐based and hospital‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Miller I.M. , Rytgaard H. , Mogensen U.B. , Miller E. , Ring H.C. , Ellervik C. , Jemec G.B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundSeveral studies have suggested an association between Hidradenitis Suppurativa (HS) and obesity. Obesity is often expressed as Body Mass Index (BMI). However,BMIlacks information on body composition. General obesity is a predictor of health status and cardiovascular risk, but body composition (e.g. abdominal fat) may be more so. Basal metabolic rate (BMR) is an expression of resting metabolism and may serve as a complementary tool when assessing the possibly underlying metabolism behind a persons' body composition.ObjectiveTo investigate the body composition and basal metabolic rate in individuals withHScompared with healthy controls.MethodsWe performed a cross‐sectional study on both a hospital‐based and population‐basedHSgroup and compared with controls using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis to assess body composition.ResultsWe identified a hospital‐basedHSgroup of 32 hospitalHSpatients, a population‐basedHSgroup of 430 populationHSpatients, and 20 780 controls. Age‐ and sex‐adjusted analyses showed a 10.12% (P< 0.0001) significantly higher fat percentage in the hospital‐basedHSgroup and 3.11% (P< 0.0001) significantly higher fat percentage for the population‐basedHSgroup compared to controls. Correspondingly, theHSgroups had a lower muscle percentage (P< 0.0001) and lower bone mass percentage (P< 0.0001). Furthermore, visceral fat rating (P< 0.0001), Body Mass Index (P< 0.0001), waist circumference (P< 0.0001), and Waist/Hip Ratio (P< 0.0001) was significantly higher inHSpatients compared with controls. Additionally, age and sex‐adjusted analyses showed a higher predicted estimate ofBMRfor theHSgroups compared with controls (154.56 kcal/day (95%CI54.96–254.16) (P= 0.0031) for the hospital‐basedHSgroup, and 82.63 kcal/day (95%CI59.70–105.56) (P< 0.0001) for the population‐basedHSgroup).ConclusionHidradenitis Suppurativa is associated with a high fat percentage, high visceral fat, and low muscle percentage adding to the morbidity ofHS. The higher predicted estimate of basal metabolic rate (BMR) inHSpatients may reflect a dysfunctional metabolism contributing to the high‐fat‐body composition.
Genotypes of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐Infected Patients in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Ojuromi Oladele T. , Duan Liping , Izquierdo Fernando , Fenoy Soledad M. , Oyibo Wellington A. , del Aguila Carmen , Ashafa Anofi O. T. , Feng Yaoyu , Xiao Lihua 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMolecular characterization of Cryptosporidium spp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi has improved our understanding of the transmission of both organisms in humans. In this study, to infer possible infection sources, Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in fecal specimens from 90 HIV‐infected patients attending antiretroviral clinics in Lagos, Nigeria were detected and genotyped by PCR and DNA sequencing. Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi were identified in four and five patients, respectively, including the occurrence of subtype IeA11T3G3 of Cryptosporidium hominis in two patients, subtype IIcA5G3k of Cryptosporidium parvum in one patient, and Type IV of E. bieneusi in four patients. Among the remaining positive patients, one had mixed infection of Cryptosporidium meleagridis and C. hominis and one had mixed E. bieneusi genotypes. These data highlight a possible difference in major transmission routes (anthroponotic vs. zoonotic) between Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi in HIV+ patients in the study area.
Synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid from eicosapentaenoic acid in retina neurons protects photoreceptors from oxidative stress
Authors: Simón María Victoria , Agnolazza Daniela L. , German Olga Lorena , Garelli Andrés , Politi Luis E. , Agbaga Martin‐Paul , Anderson Robert E. , Rotstein Nora P. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOxidative stress is involved in activating photoreceptor death in several retinal degenerations. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in the retina, protects cultured retina photoreceptors from apoptosis induced by oxidative stress and promotes photoreceptor differentiation. Here, we investigated whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), a metabolic precursor to DHA, had similar effects and whether retinal neurons could metabolize EPA to DHA. Adding EPA to rat retina neuronal cultures increased opsin expression and protected photoreceptors from apoptosis induced by the oxidants paraquat and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Palmitic, oleic, and arachidonic acids had no protective effect, showing the specificity for DHA. We found that EPA supplementation significantly increased DHA percentage in retinal neurons, but not EPA percentage. Photoreceptors and glial cells expressed Δ6 desaturase (FADS2), which introduces the last double bond in DHA biosynthetic pathway. Pre‐treatment of neuronal cultures with CP‐24879 hydrochloride, a Δ5/Δ6 desaturase inhibitor, prevented EPA‐induced increase in DHA percentage and completely blocked EPA protection and its effect on photoreceptor differentiation. These results suggest that EPA promoted photoreceptor differentiation and rescued photoreceptors from oxidative stress‐induced apoptosis through its elongation and desaturation to DHA. Our data show, for the first time, that isolated retinal neurons can synthesize DHA in culture.
image
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in retina photoreceptors, and its precursor, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have multiple beneficial effects. Here, we show that retina neurons in vitro express the desaturase FADS2 and can synthesize DHA from EPA. Moreover, addition of EPA to these cultures protects photoreceptors from oxidative stress and promotes their differentiation through its metabolization to DHA.Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13308.
A comparative clinical study of different hair removal procedures and their impact on axillary odor reduction in men
Authors: Lanzalaco Anthony , Vanoosthuyze Kristina , Stark Cynthia , Swaile David , Rocchetta Heather , Spruell Russell 
Published: December 2015

SummaryBackgroundAxillary hair can influence the development of underarm odor in men.ObjectiveTo compare different hair removal procedures and their impact on the effectiveness of standard soap washing (SW) in reducing male axillary odor.MethodsThe axillae of healthy Caucasian males (N = 30; 18–48 years of age) were randomized in a noncrossover, split body design. Two of four axillary treatments were evaluated per subject: clipped with scissors; wet shaved with a razor; waxed; and untreated. Odor evaluations were performed by trained assessors according to the American Society for Testing and Materials organization at baseline (24 h postcontrol SW), immediately, 12 and 24 h following treatment plus SW (Day 1). Further evaluations were conducted immediately and 24 h following SW on Day 2 and Day 3. Mean odor scores were calculated and an analysis of covariance conducted using baseline data as covariate.ResultsOn Day 1, hair removal by clipping with scissors followed by SW offered no significant improvement in immediate odor control (27.2% reduction from baseline) when compared with SW alone. Both shaving and waxing followed by SW resulted in an immediate, significant reduction in axillary odor compared with SW alone (57.3% and 75.3% reduction, respectively; P < 0.0001). This improvement persisted for 24 h after shaving (P = 0.0682). Further, a single shaving treatment significantly improved the immediate effectiveness of SW on Day 1, Day 2, and Day 3 compared with SW alone (P < 0.05).ConclusionsBlade shaving of the axillae can optimize the cleansing and odor reducing effectiveness of daily hygiene measures for men without the discomfort associated with waxing.
Adult T‐cell leukemia–lymphoma in a pregnant woman diagnosed as a human T‐cell lymphotropic virus type 1 carrier
Authors: Fuchi Naoki , Miura Kiyonori , Imaizumi Yoshitaka , Hasegawa Hiroo , Yanagihara Katsunori , Miyazaki Yasushi , Masuzaki Hideaki 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHuman T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) is the causative agent of adult T‐cell leukemia–lymphoma (ATL), which is difficult to cure. In Japan, a nationwide HTLV‐1 screening test in pregnant women has been recommended since 2011. A 30‐year‐old woman was diagnosed as being an HTLV‐1 carrier in her previous pregnancy. During the current pregnancy, she had persistent fever and cough. Although she had treatment with antibiotics, peripheral white blood cell count remained high, with an abnormal lymphocyte count. Given that she was an HTLV‐1 carrier, she was diagnosed with unfavorable chronic ATL (aggressive ATL) at 12 weeks gestation. After pregnancy termination, her ATL status became favorable chronic ATL (indolent ATL). Therefore, watchful waiting was performed until disease progression. This is the first case report of chronic ATL in early pregnancy, in a woman already diagnosed as an HTLV‐1 carrier on screening test.
Differences in clinical characteristics for the determination of adenomyosis coexisting with leiomyomas
Authors: Ates Seda , Ozcan Pinar , Aydin Serdar , Karaca Nilay 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe objective of the analysis was to determine the characteristics that distinguish women with adenomyosis and leiomyomas from those with leiomyoma only from a sample who underwent hysterectomy for benign uterine diseases.MethodsThis retrospective study was based on the analysis of medical records of 75 women with both adenomyosis and uterine leiomyomas and 218 women with leiomyomas only, diagnosed by histologic analysis of uterine specimens.ResultsResults of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that women with both adenomyosis and leiomyomas had a higher gravity (odds ratio [OR] 1.16, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.33) and more frequent pelvic pain (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.21–0.7) compared with women with leiomyomas only. Postmenopausal bleeding was commonly reported in women with adenomyosis and leiomyomas. No significant difference was observed between the two groups in terms of menorrhagia and metrorrhagia and the preoperative diagnosis of prolapse.ConclusionsThe presence of concomitant adenomyosis may cause different clinical symptomatology.
Noble gases in oxidized residue prepared from the Saratov L4 chondrite and Raman spectroscopic study of residues to characterize phase Q
Authors: Matsuda Jun‐ichi , Morishita Kazuhiko , Nara Masayuki , Amari Sachiko 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe analyzed noble gases in an oxidized residue prepared from a HF‐HCl residue of the Saratov L4 chondrite. The Ar, Kr, and Xe concentrations in the oxidized residue are two orders of magnitude lower than those in the HF‐HCl residue, and they are close to concentrations in the bulk. The He and Ne concentrations are similar in the three samples. The Ne isotopic ratios are almost purely cosmogenic, indicating absence of presolar diamonds (the carrier of the HL component). Thus, Saratov contains phase Q without presolar diamond. A study of the Raman spectroscopic parameters for the HF‐HCl residue and the oxidized residue shows large changes due to oxidation. The directions of these changes are the same as observed in Allende, except oxidation increased the ID/IG (intensity ratio of the D band to the G band) in Saratov but decreased in Allende. This difference may be attributed to the different crystalline stages of carbon in both meteorites. The shifts in the Raman parameters to a discrete and/or more expanded region suggest that (1) oxidation changes the crystalline condition of graphitic carbon, (2) phase Q is not a dissolved site, and (3) the release of Q‐gas is simply related to the rearrangement of the carbon structure during oxidation.
Verticillium longisporum, the invisible threat to oilseed rape and other brassicaceous plant hosts
Authors: Depotter Jasper R. L. , Deketelaere Silke , Inderbitzin Patrik , Tiedemann Andreas Von , Höfte Monica , Subbarao Krishna V. , Wood Thomas A. , Thomma Bart P. H. J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIntroductionThe causal agents of Verticillium wilts are globally distributed pathogens that cause significant crop losses every year. Most Verticillium wilts are caused by V. dahliae, which is pathogenic on a broad range of plant hosts, whereas other pathogenic Verticillium species have more restricted host ranges. In contrast, V. longisporum appears to prefer brassicaceous plants and poses an increasing problem to oilseed rape production.TaxonomyKingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Class Sordariomycetes; Subclass Hypocreomycetida; Family Plectosphaerellaceae; genus Verticillium.Disease symptomsDark unilateral stripes appear on the stems of apparently healthy looking oilseed rape plants at the end of the growing season. Microsclerotia are subsequently formed in the stem cortex beneath the epidermis.GenomeVerticillium longisporum is the only non‐haploid species in the Verticillium genus, as it is an amphidiploid hybrid that carries almost twice as much genetic material as the other Verticillium species as a result of interspecific hybridization.Disease managementThere is no effective fungicide treatment to control Verticillium diseases, and resistance breeding is the preferred strategy for disease management. However, only a few Verticillium wilt resistance genes have been identified, and monogenic resistance against V. longisporum has not yet been found. Quantitative resistance exists mainly in the Brassica C‐genome of parental cabbage lines and may be introgressed in oilseed rape breeding lines.Common nameOilseed rape colonized by V. longisporum does not develop wilting symptoms, and therefore the common name of Verticillium wilt is unsuitable for this crop. Therefore, we propose ‘Verticillium stem striping’ as the common name for Verticillium infections of oilseed rape.
Completeness of assisted bathing in nursing homes related to dementia and bathing method: results from a secondary analysis of cluster‐randomised trial data
Authors: van Achterberg Theo , van Gaal Betsie G.I. , Geense Wytske W. , Verbeke Geert , van der Vleuten Carine , Schoonhoven Lisette 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundBathing assistance is a core element of essential care in nursing homes, yet little is known for quality of assisted bathing or its determinants.AimTo explore differences in completeness of assisted bathing in relation to bathing method and resident characteristics.MethodsSecondary analysis of a cluster randomised trial including 500 nursing home residents designed to compare traditional bathing methods for skin effects and cost‐consequences; GlinicalTrials.gov ID [NCT01187732]. Logistic mixed modelling was used to relate resident characteristics and bathing method to bathing completeness.ResultsBathing completeness was highly variable over wards. Apart from a large effect for ward, logistic mixed modelling indicated bathing was more often complete in case of washing without water (using disposable skin cleaning and caring materials; estimate 2.55, SE 0.17, P < 0.0001) and less often complete in residents with dementia (estimate −0.22, SE 0.08, P = 0.0040).ConclusionsIntroduction of washing without water is likely to lead to more bathing completeness in nursing homes. However, inequity in care was also identified with a view to highly variable bathing completeness over wards and more incomplete bathing by care staff in residents with dementia.Implications for practiceMonitoring the performance of assisted bathing in nursing homes is indicated for the identification of undesirable variation in essential care and poorly performing teams. The introduction of washing without water could serve the promotion of bathing completeness in nursing homes overall, but will not solve inequity issues for residents.
Effects of obesity on weight‐bearing versus weight‐supported exercise testing in patients with COPD
Authors: Maatman Robbert C. , Spruit Martijn A. , van Melick Paula P. , Peeters Jos P.I. , Rutten Erica P.A. , Vanfleteren Lowie E.G.W. , Wouters Emiel F.M. , Franssen Frits M.E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveObesity is associated with increased dyspnoea and reduced health status in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Studies on the effects of obesity on exercise capacity showed divergent results. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of obesity on weight‐bearing versus weight‐supported exercise tolerance in obese and normal weight patients, matched for age, gender and degree of airflow limitation.MethodsRetrospective analyses of data obtained during pre‐pulmonary rehabilitation assessment in 108 obese COPD patients (OB) (age: 61.2 ± 5.3y, FEV1: 43.2 ± 7.4%, BMI: 34.1 ± 3.9 kg/m2,) and 108 age and FEV1‐matched normal weight COPD patients (NW) (age: 61.7 ± 3.6y, FEV1: 41.5 ± 8.4%, BMI: 22.9 ± 1.2 kg/m2,). Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) and 6 min walk test (6MWT) were performed, Borg scores for dyspnoea and leg fatigue were recorded, before and after the tests.ResultsSix‐minute walk distance differed between OB (398 ± 107 m) and NW patients (446 ± 109 m, P < 0.05), while peak cycling exercise load was comparable (OB: 75 ± 29 W, NW: 70 ± 25 W, ns). Dyspnoea (OB 3.2 ± 2.0 vs NW 3.1 ± 1.7, ns) and leg fatigue (OB 2.4 ± 2.3 vs NW 1.9 ± 1.7, ns) were not significantly different in OB compared with NW after 6MWT, or after CPET (dyspnoea: OB 5.1 ± 2.4 vs NW 5.4 ± 2.2, ns; leg fatigue: OB 4.0 ± 2.3 vs NW 4.0 ± 2.7, ns).ConclusionIn contrast to weight‐supported exercise, obesity has a negative impact on weight‐bearing exercise capacity, despite comparable exercise‐related symptoms. The results of this study enhance the understanding of the impact of obesity on physical performance in COPD.
Upper extremity injuries in Danish children aged 6–12, mechanisms, and risk factors
Authors: Nauta J. , Jespersen E. , Verhagen E. , van Mechelen W. , Wedderkopp N. 
Published: December 2015

Although injuries to the upper extremity are most costly, the picture of the upper extremity injury problem remains incomplete. This study is the first to describe the etiology and mechanisms of upper extremity injuries in Danish children. A 2.5‐year observational prospective cohort study was conducted to record upper extremity injuries in 1048 children. Data were weekly collected by sending a text message. A total of 176 upper extremity injuries were reported (128 acute injuries). Of the acute upper extremity injuries, 55% were sprains, 47% occurred in the hand/wrist, and 53% of cases were caused by a fall. When corrected for exposure to physical activity, this resulted in an acute upper extremity injury incidence density of 0.18 per 1000 h of physical activity. The odds of sustaining an upper extremity injury was higher in the older children (HR: 1.84, 95% CI: 1.10–3.09), a tendency was found suggesting that girls are at increased acute upper extremity risk compared to boys (HR: 1.40 95% CI: 0.97–2.04). The findings that most injuries occur after a fall, that injury risk increases over age and that girls seem to be at increased injury risk provides essential information to guide future childhood injury prevention.