bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evidence for active vertical migration by two dinoflagellates experiencing iron, nitrogen, and phosphorus limitation
Authors: Peacock Melissa B. , Kudela Raphael M. 
Published: August 2016

Vertical migration and subsequent assimilation of iron (Fe) and nitrate at depth by the dinoflagellates Akashiwo sanguinea and Prorocentrum micans were investigated using laboratory vertically stratified water columns. Active migration was observed in four separate experiments with varying degrees of nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and Fe stress. Stable isotopes of Fe (57Fe‐FeCl3) and N (15N‐NaNO3) were assimilated from the bottom 0.4 m of the column during migration, with significant enrichment of particulate samples collected from the surface compared to the initial A. sanguinea culture or natural water from Monterey Bay containing P. micans. In all four experiments, there was significant drawdown of nitrate from the column, with depth‐integrated drawdown of greater than 50 mmol m−2 in the P. micans experiment over 72 h. These experiments provide evidence for dinoflagellate assimilation of N and Fe at depth. Harmful algal blooms of vertically migrating dinoflagellates such as A. sanguinea and P. micans are often associated with macro‐ and micronutrient depletion in surface waters; assimilation of iron as well as macronutrients at depth could be an important ecological advantage in environments where light and nutrients are spatially separated.
Reproductive Health and Child Health Profile in the Field Practice Area of RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Manjunatha Shashikala , Ramya KS 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Reproductive health, child health and nutrition are core priorities for any country, more so for India, with the world's greatest burden of maternal, newborn, and child deaths.

Objectives
To assess the reproductive health and child (under 5 years) health profile of the defined population using reproductive health and child health indicators in the field practice area of RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital.

Materials and methods
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age group (15–49) using a pretested and semistructured questionnaire which included reproductive health and child health indicators.

Method of analysis
Data ware analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software.

Results
Among 658 mothers, 60% were using family planning methods, 63% of mothers had full antenatal check-up and 80% had institutional delivery. Around 80% of the children between 12 and 23 months were fully immunized, 60% of children were exclusively breastfed. Ninety-two percent of the women had heard of HIV/AIDS.

Conclusion
Awareness and utilization of various reproductive and child health services among the women of reproductive age group was found to be far from satisfactory and, hence, there is a need to raise the awareness in this regard through effective information, education and communication (IEC) activities.

How to cite this article
Manjunatha S, Ramya KS. Reproductive Health and Child Health Profile in the Field Practice Area of RajaRajeswari Medical College and Hospital, Bengaluru: A Descriptive Study. J Med Sci 2015;1(2):27-31.
Closed Pan-talar Dislocation with Posterior Talar Process Fracture
Authors: Kumar M Pramod , Gopinath KM , Kumar BN Roshan , Balaji GA Gautham 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTTotal dislocation of the talus has been reported as 0.06% of all dislocations and 2% of all talar fractures. It usually occurs from considerable violence. Total dislocation of the talus is frequently an open injury, or the skin may be tented over the dislocated talus leading to skin slough. Closed total dislocation of talus with posterior process injury is rare. The functional prognosis is poor due to osteonecrosis of the talus which develops in the majority of cases. Review of literature reported successful closed reduction in cases of closed pan-talar dislocation under anesthesia. However, there were few cases where there was difficulty in closed reduction. Operative technique has also been described in different reports of similar cases.Case reportWe present a case of pan-talar dislocation of the left talus in a 25-year-old road accident victim, with posterior talar process fracture. Reduction of dislocation was attempted in emergency department by external manipulation. Reduction process failed, and hence planned for reduction under anesthesia. It required a open reduction after a unsuccessful closed reduction attempt. The talus after reduction was found to be unstable hence, stabilized with trans-calcaneotalar Steinmann pin. At 1-year follow-up, the right ankle was pain free and stable. Motion was satisfactory. The talus after a follow-up of 1 year did not show any signs of subluxation or avascular necrosis.ConclusionThe main obstacle to closed reduction appeared to be talus had button holed through dorsal fascia. The talus after reduction was found to be unstable hence stabilized with trans-calcaneotalar Steinmann pin. The management of the associated fracture will depend on many factors, particularly displacement of the fracture fragments.How to cite this articleKumar MP, Gopinath KM, Kumar BNR, Balaji GAG. Closed Pan-talar Dislocation with Posterior Talar Process Fracture. J Med Sci 2015;1(2):32-35.
Hereditary Elliptocytosis
Authors: Sharmila PS , LNU Kannupriya , Paul MF 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT
Hereditary elliptocytosis (HE) is a group of disorders characterized by the presence of elliptical-shaped erythrocytes on peripheral blood smear. Hereditary elliptocytosis and its related disorders are characterized by clinical, biochemical, and genetic heterogeneity. Manifestations range from the asymptomatic carrier state to severe, transfusion dependent hemolytic anemia. Abnormalities of various membrane protein defects contribute to mechanical defects of the erythrocyte membrane skeleton. We present a rare case of HE, an incidental finding without any clinical symptoms related to it. We also discuss on pathophysiology and being.

How to cite this article
Sharmila PS, Kannupriya, Paul MF. Hereditary Elliptocytosis. J Med Sci 2015;1(2):41-43.
An Unusual Case of Carcinoma Ex-pleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: A Comprehensive Clinicopathological Review
Authors: Harish K , Sharmila PS , Shashikala K , Jeychandran Padmini 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTCarcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CaxPA) is a carcinoma arising from a primary or recurrent benign pleomorphic adenoma (PA). It presents approximately 11.6% of all malignant neoplasms of salivary gland and mostly originates from major salivary glands. It is a common histologic subtype of primary parotid malignancy. Location in the minor salivary gland is uncommon and occurs in less than 7% of all cases. The majority of CaxPA develops from epithelial component of PA. Salivary gland tumors are known to have a benign clinical behavior with unrecognized metastatic potential. It often poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians and pathologists. The entity is difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Pathologic assessment is the gold standard for making the diagnosis. We present a case of a 55-year-old female patient who had a right preauricular mass of 10 years duration, with sudden onset of pain of duration of 1 month.How to cite this articleSharmila PS, Shashikala K, Harish K, Jeychandran P. An Unusual Case of Carcinoma Expleomorphic Adenoma of the Parotid Gland: A Comprehensive Clinicopathological Review. J Med Sci 2015;1(2):44-46.
A Clinical Audit of Quality Indicators in Anesthesia Practice
Authors: Nadakarni Maya , Prakruthi Desi 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo measure and monitor the quality of care in anesthesia, which is lacking in India. The objective of this audit was to formulate a set of quality indicators and use them to audit our daily anesthetic practice.Materials and methodsWe applied eight quality indicators to audit 4,147 medical records of our hospital. We measured the quality of anesthesia care in the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative period by collecting and analyzing the various data.ResultsWe found out the weaker areas where quality of anesthesia care could be improved. In 160 (3.85%) patients, preanesthetic check-up was lacking; in 569 (13.72%) patients, anesthesia plan was modified on the day of surgery. A total of 378 (9.11%) patients were ventilated following anesthesia. A total of 123 (2.96%) patients were in recovery room for more than the normal expected time and 187 (4.50%) patients were shifted to the ICU for further intensive care. There was no mortality in our audit findings.ConclusionIn this audit, we found several areas where improvements could be done. In future, the quality of anesthesia services will be monitored by quality assurance programs using quality indicators, which will improve the perioperative outcome. A dramatic change is expected in anesthesia practice for the betterment of patient care. At present we should try to adopt these practices and improve anesthesia delivery services.How to cite this articleNadakarni M, P Desi, H Sahajananda. A Clinical Audit of Quality Indicators in Anesthesia Practice. J Med Sci 2015;1(3):47-51.
A Rare Case of Dermatomyositis with Hyponatremia
Authors: Kumar H Anil , Vikranth V 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDermatomyositis is a rare type of inflammatory myopathy that represents the largest group of acquired and potentially treatable cause of skeletal muscle weakness. It is characterized by chronic muscle inflammation accompanied by muscle weakness. Here, we present a case of an elderly female who presented with a history of pain in bilateral arm, forearm, thigh, and leg associated with swelling and with a history of rash over the upper extremities. On examination, edema with tenderness was present on both upper limb and lower limb. We also noticed erythematous rash over the arm, forearm, nose, and forehead. Investigations showed hyponatremia, with elevated Cretatinc phosphokinase levels. Hence, a provisional diagnosis of hyponatremia-induced rhabdomyolysis was made. On further evaluation, urine for myoglobin was negative, and in view of the accompanying rash and minimal improvement with sodium correction a provisional diagnosis of dermatomyositis with hyponatremia/hyponatremia-induced rhabdomyolysis was made. Diagnosis of dermatomyositis was confirmed by the muscle biopsy. Dermatomyositis may be accompanied by hyponatremia and atypical rash. It can also be confused with hyponatremic rhabdomyolysis. Dermatomyositis is also a rare presentation and it may be a paraneoplastic manifestation.How to cite this articleHAK, V Vikranth. A Rare Case of Dermatomyositis with Hyponatremia. J Med Sci 2015;1(3):58-59.
Anesthetic Management of a Parturient with Congenital Complete Heart Block posted for Emergency Lower Segment Cesarean Section
Authors: Karthik GS , Mamatha R , Sowmya MJ , Venkateshmurthy KT , Sahajananda H 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTPregnancy complicated with complete heart block is rare and usually required termination of pregnancy in the past. Improvement in medical technology in the form of cardiac pacing has allowed taking these women to term. Overall, maternal and fetal outcome is not affected in asymptomatic cases. We report here an unbooked, pregnant patient presented at 38+ weeks with complete heart block and pregnancy-induced hypertension for emergency lower segment cesarean section (LSCS). Emergency LSCS was performed under general anesthesia. Maternal and fetal outcome was good.How to cite this articleMamatha R, Sowmya MJ, Venkateshmurthy, Sahajananda H, Karthik GS. Anesthetic Management of a Parturient with Congenital Complete Heart Block posted for Emergency Lower Segment Cesarean Section. J Med Sci 2015;1(4):74-76.
Effect of Salinity Levels (NaCl) on Yield, Yield Components and Quality Content of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Bahrami Helale , Jafari Amir Ostadi , Razmjoo Jamshid 
Published: August 2016

<p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Seeds of ten sesame cultivars (Karaj, Darab, Safiabad, Jiroft, Borazjan, Yellow-white, Felestin, Ultan, Isfahan and Abpakhsh) were sown into soil filled pots in 2008 and 2009. Pots were watered with six levels of salts (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m<sup>-1</sup> NaCl) until full maturity. Plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of cultivars were measured. Increasing salinity caused significant reduction in plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of all cultivars. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. Based on seed oil yield data, Safiabad and Kraj at 0.0038ds.m<sup>-1</sup>, Safiabad and Ultan at 4.89ds.m<sup>-1</sup>, Ultan, Safiabad and Darab at 8.61 salinity levels were the superior cultivars. High variability in tolerance to salinity among the tested sesame cultivars suggests that selection of more salt tolerant cultivars for planting or breeding purposes is possible.</span></p><p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Highlights</span></p><p class="emsd-body"><span lang="EN-GB">Effects of contrasting salinity levels (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m<sup>-1</sup>NaCl) on sesame cultivars were tested. Salinity reduced plant growth and yield and seed oil and protein contents. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. </span></p>
Structural Organization of the Optic Lobe of Grey Breasted Helmeted Guinea Fowl (*Numida meleagris galeata*) at Pre-Hatch Study
Authors: Nathaniel Wanmi , Barth Onyeanusi I. , Oliver Nzalak J. , Tanang Aluwong 
Published: August 2016

<p class="jbls-body"><span lang="EN-GB">A total of one hundred and seventy-three fertilized eggs were used for morphometry, gross and histological studies. At day 4 of incubation, the mean body weight of the helmeted guinea fowl embryo was 0.6401 ± 0.0211 g. It was at day 10 of incubation that there was an increase in the whole body weight of the embryo to be 0.8650 ± 0.676 g. The whole brain weight indicated relative increased at day 4 as compared to that of the whole body weight. Graphically, there were steady increase in the body, brain and optic lobe weights. Histologically, cells and neurones that make up the optic lobe is probably as a result of the migration of immature cells from the ventricular neuroepithelium. </span></p>
Veranderingen in de visie op druggebruik – van een strafrechtelijk naar een gezondheidsparadigma
Authors: Trautmann Franz 
Published: August 2016

Understanding drug use – the change from the crime to the health or disease paradigm
Various studies show that the views on the drug problem and appropriate policy responses have undergone profound changes from the 1960s onward. This article is analysing one of these changes, the decriminalisation of drug use, reflecting a fundamental change of view: understanding drug use as a health issue and not as crime. A useful heuristic to understand this type of change is Thomas Kuhn’s paradigm concept. He sees a paradigm as a set of beliefs that are shared by a scientific community and accepted by a wider community. A paradigm change is therefore a socio-psychological process rather than rooted in new scientific or research facts.The author analyses the change from the dominance of a crime to the dominance of a health paradigm reflecting its social-historic context, starting with the widely shared concerns about substance use related health problems in the 20th century. These concerns translated into two different views on the essence of these problems, a crime and a health paradigm. The first served as fundament of the international drug control efforts, resulting in the still governing drug prohibition. Yet, the health paradigm was also of influence from the start and gradually gained weight. From the 1970s onwards the health paradigm became more important as part of a wider reform movement. It started in the Netherlands and the UK as bottom-up process criticising criminalising the users of illicit drugs as inappropriate, detrimental for their health and inhumane. The health paradigm was seen as more appropriate.The author reflects on the benefits and disadvantages of the health paradigm. Its primary benefit is that it helps to understand the health problems related to drug use. A key disadvantage is its close relationship with the disease paradigm. The latter fits well with the generally negative view on drugs as dangerous or evil. It is encompassing the risk of ‘pathologising’ all forms of drug use and denying phenomena of unproblematic use for, among other things, recreational or spiritual purposes. Like the crime paradigm it can serve for control purposes. The drug user remains subject of control or disciplining policies and is not in charge of his/her own life. An additional problematic issue is that ‘softening’ the approach towards the users seems to be mirrored by a harder, more punitive approach to the producers and sellers of the substances, which are seen as villains, making available the drugs which deserve harsh punishment for ‘devastating’ the lives of users.The author concludes with a short discussion of the well-being paradigm as possible alternative for the health paradigm. It covers a broader spectrum than the health paradigm and helps to grasp the negative impact of (problem) drug use, reducing well-being, but is also useful in understanding the positive sides, enhancing well-being.
Drugs in rurale gebieden: GHB-gebruik en -handel op het Nederlandse platteland
Authors: Nabben Ton , Korf Dirk J. 
Published: August 2016

Drugs in rural areas: the use and trafficking of GHB in Dutch rural communities
GHB is an anaesthetic that in Netherlands since the 1990s is used as a drug by various groups. Although GHB is often defined as a ‘party drug’, particularly in rural areas it is also used in street cultures. GHB is mainly used recreationally, but a minority uses the drug frequently and/or becomes addicted. GHB use and associated problems are disproportionately spread across the Netherlands and are concentrated in certain rural areas (‘trouble spots’), especially in low SES villages or neighbourhoods. Predominantly based on qualitative research, this article describes supply and use of GHB in rural ‘trouble spots’. The profile of experienced current GHB users in rural areas is characterized by a wide age range, a low level of education, often multiple psychosocial problems and poly drug use. They are almost exclusively ‘white’, in majority male users, of whom a large part has been arrested on several occasions. From a supply perspective, GHB could spread quickly because of the short distribution chain, the limited social distance between dealers and users, as well as the closeness an reticence of user groups. Even though as a drug GHB is very different from methamphetamine, there are striking similarities in set and setting characteristics between rural GHB use in the Netherlands and rural methamphetamine use in the US.
Regeneration of Articular Cartilage by Human ESC-Derived Mesenchymal Progenitors Treated Sequentially with BMP-2 and Wnt5a
Authors: Gibson Jason D. , O’Sullivan Michael B. , Alaee Farhang , Paglia David N. , Yoshida Ryu , Guzzo Rosa M. , Drissi Hicham 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe success of cell-based therapies to restore joint cartilage requires an optimal source of reparative progenitor cells and tight control of their differentiation into a permanent cartilage phenotype. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) has been extensively shown to promote mesenchymal cell differentiation into chondrocytes in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, developmental studies have demonstrated decreased chondrocyte maturation by Wingless-Type MMTV Integration Site Family, Member 5A (Wnt5a). Thus, we hypothesized that treatment of human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-derived chondroprogenitors with BMP-2 followed by Wnt5a may control the maturational progression of these cells into a hyaline-like chondrocyte phenotype. We examined the effects of sustained exposure of hESC-derived mesenchymal-like progenitors to recombinant Wnt5a or BMP-2 in vitro. Our data indicate that BMP-2 promoted a strong chondrogenic response leading to terminal maturation, whereas recombinant Wnt5a induced a mild chondrogenic response without promoting hypertrophy. Moreover, Wnt5a suppressed BMP-2-mediated chondrocyte maturation, preventing the formation of fibrocartilaginous tissue in high-density cultures treated sequentially with BMP-2 and Wnt5a. Implantation of scaffoldless pellets of hESC-derived chondroprogenitors pretreated with BMP-2 followed by Wnt5a into rat chondral defects induced an articular-like phenotype in vivo. Together, the data establish a novel role for Wnt5a in controlling the progression from multipotency into an articular-like cartilage phenotype in vitro and in vivo.
The Infrapatellar Fat Pad as a Source of Perivascular Stem Cells with Increased Chondrogenic Potential for Regenerative Medicine
Authors: Hindle Paul , Khan Nusrat , Biant Leela , Péault Bruno 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Perivascular stem cells (PSCs) are the natural ancestors of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and are the stem cells responsible for homeostasis and repair in vivo. Prospectively identified and isolated PSCs have demonstrated increased plasticity and osteogenic potential. Cells from the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) have demonstrated increased chondrogenic potential compared with those from subcutaneous fat. This research assessed the chondrogenic potential of IFP PSCs compared with MSCs from the IFP and bone marrow. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated the location of perivascular markers (CD146, CD34, neural/glial antigen 2 [NG2], platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β [PDGFRβ], and α-smooth muscle actin [α-SMA]) in relation to endothelial markers (CD31, CD144, von Willebrand factor [vWF]). Pericytes and adventitial cells were isolated from the stromal vascular fraction (3.8% and 21.2%, respectively) using flow cytometry with a viability of 88%. The mean numbers of pericytes and adventitial cells isolated were 4.6 ± 2.2 × 104 and 16.2 ± 3.2 × 104, respectively, equating to 7.9 ± 4.4 × 103 and 20.8 ± 4.3 × 103 cells per gram of harvested tissue. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting demonstrated that cultured PSCs were CD44+CD90+CD105+; polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry demonstrated that pericytes retained their CD146+ phenotype and expressed the pericyte markers PDGFRβ and NG2. Differentiation was confirmed using histochemical stains and genetic expression. Using a pellet model, the IFP PSCs and the MSCs generated significantly more extracellular matrix than bone marrow MSCs (p &lt; .001 and p = .011, respectively). The IFP PSCs generated significantly more extracellular matrix than IFP MSCs (p = .002). Micromass culture demonstrated that differentiated PSCs were upregulated compared with MSCs for COL2A1, ACAN, and SOX9 expression by factors of 4.8 ± 1.3, 4.3 ± 0.9, and 7.0 ± 1.7, respectively. The IFP was a significantly better source of chondrogenic stem cells compared with bone marrow. PSCs generated significantly more extracellular matrix than culture-derived MSCs.