bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional integrity of freshwater forested wetlands, hydrologic alteration, and climate change
Authors: Middleton Beth A. , Souter Nicholas J. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Climate change will challenge managers to balance the freshwater needs of humans and wetlands. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that most regions of the world will be exposed to higher temperatures,
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, and more erratic precipitation, with some regions likely to have alternating episodes of intense flooding and mega-drought. Coastal areas will be exposed to more frequent saltwater inundation as sea levels rise. Local land managers desperately need intra-regional climate information for site-specific planning, management, and restoration activities. Managers will be challenged to deliver freshwater to floodplains during climate change-induced drought, particularly within hydrologically altered and developed landscapes. Assessment of forest health, both by field and remote sensing techniques, will be essential to signal the need for hydrologic remediation. Studies of the utility of the release of freshwater to remediate stressed forested floodplains along the Murray and Mississippi Rivers suggest that brief episodes of freshwater remediation for trees can have positive health benefits for these forests. The challenges of climate change in forests of the developing world will be considered using the Tonle Sap of Cambodia as an example. With little ecological knowledge of the impacts, managing climate change will add to environmental problems already faced in the developing world with new river engineering projects. These emerging approaches to remediate stressed trees will be of utmost importance for managing worldwide floodplain forests with predicted climate changes.
Climate extremes and ozone pollution: a growing threat to china’s food security
Authors: Tian Hanqin , Ren Wei , Tao Bo , Sun Ge , Chappelka Art , Wang Xiaoke , Pan Shufen , Yang Jia , Liu Jiyuan , S. felzer Ben , M. melillo Jerry , Reilly John 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Ensuring global food security requires a sound understanding of climate and environmental controls on crop productivity. The majority of existing assessments have focused on physical climate variables (i.e., mean temperature and precipitation), but less on the increasing climate extremes (e.g., drought) and their interactions with increasing levels of tropospheric ozone (O
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). Here we quantify the combined impacts of drought and O
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on China's crop yield using a comprehensive, process-based agricultural ecosystem model in conjunction with observational data. Our results indicate that climate change/variability and O
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together led to an annual mean reduction of crop yield by 10.0% or 55 million tons per year at the national level during 1981–2010. Crop yield shows a growing threat from severe episodic droughts and increasing O
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concentrations since 2000, with the largest crop yield losses occurring in northern China, causing serious concerns in food supply security in China. Our results imply that reducing tropospheric O
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levels is critical for securing crop production in coping with increasing frequency and severity of extreme climate events such as droughts. Improving air quality should be a core component of climate adaptation strategies.
The effects of pioglitazone adjuvant therapy on negative symptoms of patients with chronic schizophrenia: a double‐blind and placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Iranpour Negar , Zandifar Atefeh , Farokhnia Mehdi , Goguol Amirhossein , Yekehtaz Habibeh , Khodaie‐Ardakani Mohammad‐Reza , Salehi Bahman , Esalatmanesh Sophia , Zeionoddini Atefeh , Mohammadinejad Payam , Zeinoddini Arefeh , Akhondzadeh Shahin 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveThe evident central role of inflammation, oxidative stress, and metabolic derangement in pathophysiology of negative symptoms of schizophrenia has opened new insights into probable pharmacological options for these symptoms. Pioglitazone is an antidiabetic agent with anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of pioglitazone as an adjunct to risperidone for reduction of negative symptoms in schizophrenia.MethodsIn this randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial, 40 patients with chronic schizophrenia and a minimum score of 20 on the negative subscale of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) were randomly allocated to receive risperidone plus either pioglitazone (30 mg/day) or placebo for 8 weeks. Patients' symptoms and adverse events were rated at baseline and weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8. The difference between the two groups in decline of PANSS negative subscale scores was considered as the primary outcome of this study.ResultsAt the study endpoint, patients in the pioglitazone group showed significantly more improvement in PANSS negative subscale scores (p < 0.001) as well as PANSS total scores (p = 0.01) compared with the placebo group.ConclusionThese findings suggest the probable efficacy of pioglitazone as an augmentation therapy in reducing the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Screening Discrimination in a Broader Context
Authors: Fain James 
Published: February 2016

SummaryI employ simulations to investigate the impact of screening discrimination, which addresses discrimination in hiring. I extend a well‐known model of screening discrimination by including minority firms, wages, worker preferences and competition among the firms for workers. The Gale–Shapley algorithm is used to find a stable matching of heterogeneous workers to heterogeneous firms. Screening discrimination gives majority applicants an advantage in the hiring process, but this advantage is reduced by the presence of minority firms. In this broader context, screening discrimination produces segregated firms but has little impact on median wages or employment probabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Diagnostic value of sonography for detecting endometrial pathologies in postmenopausal women with and without bleeding
Authors: Seckin Berna , Cicek Mahmut Nedim , Dikmen Asiye Ugras , Bostancı Esra Isci , Muftuoglu Kamil Hakan 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTPurposeTo investigate the diagnostic value of endometrial thickness measurement on sonography in predicting endometrial pathologies in postmenopausal women with vaginal bleeding and in those with asymptomatic thickened endometrium.MethodsSix hundred two postmenopausal women with vaginal bleeding or asymptomatic thickened endometrium were evaluated in this study. Two hundred seventy‐four women with postmenopausal bleeding regardless of endometrial thickness (group 1: symptomatic) and 328 women with an incidental finding of thickened endometrium (≥5 mm) without bleeding (group 2: asymptomatic) underwent endometrial biopsy for histopathologic examination. The receiver operating characteristics curves of endometrial thickness measurement for prediction of endometrial pathologies were analyzed.ResultsEndometrial carcinoma was detected in eight women (2.9%) in group 1 and in three (0.9%) in group 2. The best cutoff point for endometrial thickness in predicting endometrial carcinoma in group 1 was 8.2 mm, which provided 75% sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI], 40.9–92.9%) and 74% specificity (95% CI, 68–78.5%); area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), 0.88; 95% CI, 0.76–1.00%; p = 0.0001. In group 2, the AUC was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.46–1.00; p = 0.114); the evidence was inconclusive as to the relationship between endometrial thickness and malignancy. For the prediction of polyps, the AUCs of endometrial thickness were 0.77 for group 1 (95% CI, 0.71–0.83%; p = 0.0001) and 0.61 for group 2 (95% CI, 0.54–0.67%; p = 0.002).ConclusionsSonographically determined endometrial thickness measurement shows high diagnostic performance for detection of endometrial cancer in symptomatic postmenopausal women at the optimal cutoff thickness of approximately 8 mm, although the evidence supporting the use of sonography for predicting malignancy in asymptomatic women is inconclusive. For polyp detection, this technique shows moderate diagnostic ability in symptomatic women, but its predictive value is low in asymptomatic women. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:339–346, 2016
Surgical anatomy of the sciatic nerve: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Tomaszewski Krzysztof A. , Graves Matthew J. , Henry Brandon Michael , Popieluszko Patrick , Roy Joyeeta , Pękala Przemysław A. , Hsieh Wan Chin , Vikse Jens , Walocha Jerzy A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe sciatic nerve has varying anatomy with respect to the piriformis muscle. Understanding this variant anatomy is vital to avoiding iatrogenic nerve injuries. A comprehensive electronic database search was performed to identify articles reporting the prevalence of anatomical variations or morphometric data of the sciatic nerve. The data found was extracted and pooled into a meta‐analysis. A total of 45 studies (n = 7068 lower limbs) were included in the meta‐analysis on the sciatic nerve variations with respect to the piriformis muscle. The normal Type A variation, where the sciatic nerve exits the pelvis as a single entity below the piriformis muscle, was most common with a pooled prevalence of 85.2% (95%CI: 78.4–87.0). This was followed by Type B with a pooled prevalence of 9.8% (95%CI: 6.5–13.2), where the sciatic nerve bifurcated in the pelvis with the exiting common peroneal nerve piercing, and the tibial nerve coursing below the piriformis muscle. In morphometric analysis, we found that the pooled mean width of the sciatic nerve at the lower margin of the piriformis muscle was 15.55 mm. The pooled mean distance of sciatic nerve bifurcation from the popliteal fossa was 65.43 mm. The sciatic nerve deviates from its normal course of pelvic exit in almost 15% of cases. As such we recommend that a thorough assessment of sciatic nerve variants needs to be considered when performing procedures in the pelvic and gluteal regions in order to reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1820–1827, 2016.
Characteristic fingerprinting based on macamides for discrimination of maca (Lepidium meyenii) by LC/MS/MS and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Pan Yu , Zhang Ji , Li Hong , Wang Yuan‐Zhong , Li Wan‐Yi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMacamides with a benzylalkylamide nucleus are characteristic and major bioactive compounds in the functional food maca (Lepidium meyenii Walp). The aim of this study was to explore variations in macamide content among maca from China and Peru. Twenty‐seven batches of maca hypocotyls with different phenotypes, sampled from different geographical origins, were extracted and profiled by liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection/tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐UV/MS/MS).RESULTSTwelve macamides were identified by MS operated in multiple scanning modes. Similarity analysis showed that maca samples differed significantly in their macamide fingerprinting. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA) was used to differentiate samples according to their geographical origin and to identify the most relevant variables in the classification model. The prediction accuracy for raw maca was 91% and five macamides were selected and considered as chemical markers for sample classification.CONCLUSIONWhen combined with a PLS‐DA model, characteristic fingerprinting based on macamides could be recommended for labelling for the authentication of maca from different geographical origins. The results provided potential evidence for the relationships between environmental or other factors and distribution of macamides. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of cellulase‐assisted extraction process and antioxidant activities of polysaccharides from Tricholoma mongolicum Imai
Authors: Zhao Yong‐Ming , Song Jin‐Hui , Wang Jin , Yang Jian‐Ming , Wang Zhi‐Bao , Liu Ying‐Hui 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundTricholoma mongolicum Imai is a well‐known edible and medicinal mushroom which in recent years has attracted increasing attention because of its bioactivities. In this study, water‐soluble polysaccharides were extracted from T. mongolicum Imai by cellulase‐assisted extraction and their antioxidant activities were investigated.ResultsIn order to improve the yield of polysaccharides, four variables, cellulase amount (X1), pH (X2), temperature (X3) and extraction time (X4), were investigated with a Box–Behnken design. The optimal conditions were predicted to be cellulase amount of 20 g kg−1, pH of 4.0, temperature of 50 °C and extraction time of 127 min, with a predicted polysaccharide yield of 190.1 g kg−1. The actual yield of polysaccharides under these conditions was 189.6 g kg−1, which matched the predicted value well. The crude polysaccharides were purified to obtain four fractions, and characterization of each was carried out. In addition, antioxidant properties of four polysaccharides assessed by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryldydrazyl (DPPH) and hydroxyl radical‐scavenging assays indicated that polysaccharides from T. mongolicum Imai (TMIPs) possessed antioxidant activity in a dose‐dependent manner.ConclusionTMIPs show moderate antioxidant activities in vitro. Therefore it is suggested that TMIPs are potential natural antioxidants for use in functional foods. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Silver Nanoparticle Arrays Prepared by In Situ Automatic Reduction of Silver Ions in Mussel‐Inspired Block Copolymer Films
Authors: Saito Yuta , Higuchi Takeshi , Jinnai Hiroshi , Hara Mitsuo , Nagano Shusaku , Matsuo Yasutaka , Yabu Hiroshi 
Published: February 2016

Block copolymer phase separation has been employed to form templates for the fabrication of nanoscale patterns of metals due to their characteristic size scales that range from several nanometers to tens of nanometers. In the present work, poly(vinyl catechol‐block‐styrene) PVCa‐b‐PSt synthesized with various compositions forms unique microphase‐separated structures. Silver nanoparticles are spontaneously formed inside of the PVCa phases due to the reductive properties of the catechol moieties. The alignment and formation of silver nanoparticle arrays is successfully achieved without the need for high‐temperature thermal treatment or chemical reduction processes. The present system can be applied to the formation of nanoparticle arrays with a wide variety of metals by control of their arrangement.
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Simultaneous mapping of water shift and B1(WASABI)—Application to field‐Inhomogeneity correction of CESTMRI data
Authors: Schuenke Patrick , Windschuh Johannes , Roeloffs Volkert , Ladd Mark E. , Bachert Peter , Zaiss Moritz 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTogether with the development of MRI contrasts that are inherently small in their magnitude, increased magnetic field accuracy is also required. Hence, mapping of the static magnetic field (B0) and the excitation field (B1) is not only important to feedback shim algorithms, but also for postprocess contrast‐correction procedures.MethodsA novel field‐inhomogeneity mapping method is presented that allows simultaneous mapping of the water shift and B1 (WASABI) using an off‐resonant rectangular preparation pulse. The induced Rabi oscillations lead to a sinc‐like spectrum in the frequency‐offset dimension and allow for determination of B0 by its symmetry axis and of B1 by its oscillation frequency.ResultsStability of the WASABI method with regard to the influences of T1, T2, magnetization transfer, and repetition time was investigated and its convergence interval was verified. B0 and B1 maps obtained simultaneously by means of WASABI in the human brain at 3 T and 7 T can compete well with maps obtained by standard methods. Finally, the method was applied successfully for B0 and B1 correction of chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI (CEST‐MRI) data of the human brain.ConclusionThe proposed WASABI method yields a novel simultaneous B0 and B1 mapping within 1 min that is robust and easy to implement. Magn Reson Med 77:571–580, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Overactive bladder and autonomic dysfunction: Lower urinary tract symptoms in females with postural tachycardia syndrome
Authors: Kaufman Melissa R. , Chang‐Kit Laura , Raj Satish R. , Black Bonnie K. , Milam Douglas F. , Reynolds W. Stuart , Biaggioni Italo , Robertson David , Dmochowski Roger R. 
Published: February 2016

AimsPostural Tachycardia Syndrome (POTS) represents an autonomic disorder predominantly affecting females between 15 and 50 years of age. POTS is a chronic disorder (>6 months) characterized by an excessive heart rate increment on standing (>30 beats/min) in the presence of characteristic symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion or sympathetic activation. Patients have clinically been noted to describe lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), although urologic symptoms have not been methodically assessed in the POTS population. Herein, we present data from a pilot study designed to identify and quantitate overactive bladder (OAB) in patients diagnosed with POTS.MethodsPatients admitted to the Vanderbilt Autonomic Dysfunction Center between June 2009 and October 2010 for evaluation for the potential diagnosis of POTS completed a validated, standardized questionnaire for OAB (OAB‐q) at presentation. Symptom score and subscale analyses were conducted. Subscale health related quality of life (HRQL) scores were transformed into a 0–100 scale, with higher scores reflecting superior HRQL. Data are presented as mean ± SD.ResultsThirty‐two females presented for evaluation of symptoms consistent with POTS. Twenty‐nine women were subsequently diagnosed with POTS with 19 of these patients completing the OAB‐q questionnaire (65.5% response rate). Average age was 33.5 ± 8.3 years. Symptom severity transformed score was 26.0 ± 16.4, with 13 of 19 patients (68.4%) meeting clinical criteria for diagnosis of probable clinically significant OAB. Nocturia was the most bothersome symptom, followed by increased daytime frequency and urgency.ConclusionsThis pilot study describes bothersome lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients presenting with POTS as assessed by patient‐reported questionnaire data. Nocturia demonstrated the greatest negative impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQL), while social interaction was the least affected HRQL domain. In patients with dysautonomia, this data provides a critical baseline for mechanistic insight into both disease‐specific and global pathophysiology of nocturia and OAB.Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:610–613, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
10 years follow‐up after mid‐urethral sling implantation: high rate of cure yet a re‐occurrence of OAB‐symptoms
Authors: Schauer Ingrid , Bock Helena , Eredics Klaus , Wallis Martina , Scholz Michael , Madersbacher Stephan , Lüftenegger Werner 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo assess the long‐term outcome of mid‐urethral slings regarding urinary incontinence (UI) and lower urinary tract symptoms and to identify risk factors for an unsatisfactory outcome.MethodsAnalysis of a prospective institutional database. For the current analysis only women who reached the 10 years follow‐up were eligible. Outcome was assessed using a detailed, non‐validated questionnaire on continence status and on several aspects of lower urinary tract function.ResultsA total of 256 women were operated during 1999–2004, in 139 (54.3%), a 10 years follow‐up was available and these patients were included. Mean age at surgery was 63 years. At the 2, 5, and 10 years follow‐up, the percentages of women reporting 0–1 pads/day were 96.4%, 97.1% and 88.5%, respectively. More than 95% of the patients reported no stress UI at the 2, 5, and 10 years follow‐up. At baseline, urgency was reported by 61.2%, this figure dropped to 17.3% at 2 years and increased thereafter to 32.4% (5 years) and 41.7% (10 years). De novo urgency was present in 3.6% after 2 years, in 10.8% after 5 years, and 14.4% after 10 years. The percentage of patients with a high degree of treatment satisfaction declined from 79.1% at 2 years to 70.5% at 5 years, and 62.6% at 10 years. Risk factors for an unsatisfactory long‐term outcome were advanced age, the presence of urgency, nocturia, and decreased bladder capacity at baseline.ConclusionsThis study confirms the excellent long‐term efficacy of mid‐urethral slings regarding the management of stress UI. A substantial number of women develop OAB‐symptoms after the procedure that largely contribute to outcome dissatisfaction. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:614–619, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Obesity decreases B cell responses in young and elderly individuals
Authors: Frasca Daniela , Ferracci Franco , Diaz Alain , Romero Maria , Lechner Suzanne , Blomberg Bonnie B. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of obesity‐associated inflammation on influenza vaccine responses.MethodsIn young and elderly individuals, both lean and with obesity, antibody responses to influenza vaccination were measured.ResultsA decrease in in vivo vaccine responses, circulating switched memory, and transitional B cells and an increase in pro‐inflammatory late/exhausted memory B cells were found. In vitro B cell function was measured by activation‐induced cytidine deaminase and E47, markers of optimal antibody responses. Moreover, IL‐6 production was increased, whereas IL‐10 production was decreased in cultures of B cells from individuals with obesity. Markers of immune activation (TNF‐α, TLR4, micro‐RNAs) in unstimulated B cells were also found increased and were negatively correlated with B cell function. In order to reveal potential mechanisms, we stimulated B cells from lean individuals in vitro with leptin, the adipokine increased in obesity. Leptin increased phospho‐STAT3, crucial for TNF‐α production, and decreased phospho‐AMPK, the energy sensing enzyme upstream of phospho‐p38 MAPK and E47. Leptin‐induced phospho‐STAT3 and phospho‐AMPK levels were similar to those in B cells from individuals with obesity.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that leptin can be responsible for decreased B cell function in obesity.
Decoupling of epitaxy‐related trapping effects in AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator semiconductor high‐electron‐mobility transistors
Authors: Huber Martin , Curatola Gilberto , Pozzovivo Gianmauro , Daumiller Ingo , Knuuttila Lauri , Silvestri Marco , Bonanni Alberta , Lundskog Anders 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe decoupling of epitaxial factors influencing the dynamic instabilities of AlGaN/GaN metal–insulator semiconductor high‐electron‐mobility transistors is investigated. Three different sets of samples have been analyzed by means of dynamic instabilities in the threshold voltage ( shift). Secondary ion mass spectroscopy and steady‐state photoluminescence (PL) measurements have been performed in conjunction with electrical characterization. The device dynamic performance is found to be significantly dependent on both the C concentration next to the channel, on the distance between the channel, and the higher doped C region. Additionally, we note that experiments studying trapping should avoid large variations in the sheet carrier density (). This change in the itself has a significant impact on the shift. These experimental trends are also supported by a basic model and device simulation. Finally, the relationship between the yellow luminescence (YL) and the band edge (BE) ratio and the shift is investigated. As long as the basic layer structure is not changed, the determination of the YL/BE ratio obtained from steady‐state PL is demonstrated to be a suitable way to predict trap concentrations in the GaN channel layer. shift for a device stressed at = 200 V and = V plotted on top of the sheet carrier density of the channel. Model: fitting of calculated relative shift for varying and values.