bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Molecular Basis of Insomnia: Implication for Therapeutic Approaches
Authors: Wang Zi‐Jun , Liu Jian‐Feng 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Insomnia is one of the most common sleep disorders that is characterized by difficulty in sleep initiation, sleep maintenance, and/or poor sleep quality. Treatment for insomnia includes both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological interventions. Recently, the development of pharmacological treatment for insomnia has been prompted by the understanding of the molecular neurobiology of sleep‐wake regulation. For pharmacological treatment, benzodiazepines that target GABAergic system are the most widely used hypnotics. Besides GABA, the hypocretin/orexin system, and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis are involved in sleep‐wake regulation and may also play important role in the pathogenesis of insomnia. Genetic studies have revealed the critical role of several important genes related to the above‐mentioned systems in the regulation and function of sleep, suggesting the genetic/epigenetic factors could also contribute to the development and regulation of insomnia. Non‐pharmacological interventions include cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT‐I) that is an effective insomnia treatment with less risk and side effects of drug therapy. Here the current treatments for insomnia based on the molecular mechanisms underlying sleep‐wake regulation, were reviewed and some newer targets that may be beneficial in the development of new treatments for insomnia were discussed. Drug Dev Res 77 : 427–436, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epigenetic Mechanisms in Psychiatric Diseases and Epigenetic Therapy
Authors: Karsli‐Ceppioglu Seher 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Epigenetic mechanisms refer covalent modification of DNA and histone proteins that control transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Epigenetic regulation is involved in the development of the nervous system and plays an important role in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including depression, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Epigenetic drugs, including histone deacetylation and DNA methylation inhibitors have received increased attention for the management of psychiatric diseases. The purpose of this review is to discuss the potential of epigenetic drugs to treat these disorders and to clarify the mechanisms by which they regulate the dysfunctional genes in the brain. Drug Dev Res 77 : 407–413, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Child cortisol moderates the association between family routines and emotion regulation in low‐income children
Authors: Miller Alison L. , Song Ju‐Hyun , Sturza Julie , Lumeng Julie C. , Rosenblum Katherine , Kaciroti Niko , Vazquez Delia M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBiological and social influences both shape emotion regulation. In 380 low‐income children, we tested whether biological stress profile (cortisol) moderated the association among positive and negative home environment factors (routines; chaos) and emotion regulation (negative lability; positive regulation). Children (M age = 50.6, SD = 6.4 months) provided saliva samples to assess diurnal cortisol parameters across 3 days. Parents reported on home environment and child emotion regulation. Structural equation modeling was used to test whether cortisol parameters moderated associations between home environment and child emotion regulation. Results showed that home chaos was negatively associated with emotion regulation outcomes; cortisol did not moderate the association. Child cortisol level moderated the routines‐emotion regulation association such that lack of routine was most strongly associated with poor emotion regulation among children with lower cortisol output. Findings suggest that underlying child stress biology may shape response to environmental influences.
Negative correlation between altitudes and oxygen isotope ratios of seeds: exploring its applicability to assess vertical seed dispersal
Authors: Naoe Shoji , Tayasu Ichiro , Masaki Takashi , Koike Shinsuke 
Published: September 2016

AbstractVertical seed dispersal, which plays a key role in plant escape and/or expansion under climate change, was recently evaluated for the first time using negative correlation between altitudes and oxygen isotope ratio of seeds. Although this method is innovative, its applicability to other plants is unknown. To explore the applicability of the method, we regressed altitudes on δ18O of seeds of five woody species constituting three families in temperate forests in central Japan. Because climatic factors, including temperature and precipitation that influence δ18O of plant materials, demonstrate intensive seasonal fluctuation in the temperate zone, we also evaluated the effect of fruiting season of each species on δ18O of seeds using generalized linear mixed models (GLMM). Negative correlation between altitudes and δ18O of seeds was found in four of five species tested. The slope of regression lines tended to be lower in late‐fruiting species. The GLMM analysis revealed that altitudes and date of fruiting peak negatively affected δ18O of seeds. These results indicate that the estimation of vertical seed dispersal using δ18O of seeds can be applicable for various species, not just confined to specific taxa, by identifying the altitudes of plants that produced seeds. The results also suggest that the regression line between altitudes and δ18O of seeds is rather species specific and that vertical seed dispersal in late‐fruiting species is estimated at a low resolution due to their small regression slopes. A future study on the identification of environmental factors and plant traits that cause a difference in δ18O of seeds, combined with an improvement of analysis, will lead to effective evaluation of vertical seed dispersal in various species and thereby promote our understanding about the mechanism and ecological functions of vertical seed dispersal.
Severity of renal impairment in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: implications for non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant dose adjustment
Authors: Hawkins Nathaniel M. , Jhund Pardeep S. , Pozzi Andrea , O'Meara Eileen , Solomon Scott D. , Granger Christopher B. , Yusuf Salim , Pfeffer Marc A. , Swedberg Karl , Petrie Mark C. , Virani Sean , McMurray John J.V. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsThe non‐vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) have varying degrees of renal elimination which may be challenging in patients with heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). We examined the severity and variation in renal impairment, and the proportion of patients requiring NOAC cessation or dose reduction.Methods and resultsA retrospective analysis of patients with HF and AF in the Candesartan in Heart failure Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity programme was carried out. Trends in renal impairment over 26 months were defined using Cockcroft–Gault (CG), simplified Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD), and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equations. Mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was worse at every time point in patients with AF compared with those without AF, the difference being ∼11 mL/min (CG), 9 mL/min (CKD‐EPI), and 7 mL/min (MDRD). As renal function declined, CG classified a greater proportion of patients as having moderate or severe CKD and agreement with MDRD/CKD‐EPI declined. At least moderate renal impairment was present in a quarter of patients with AF at baseline, a third by study completion, and approaching a half at least once during follow‐up. The projected need for NOAC dose reduction was accordingly high, though it varied between individual NOACs due to different criteria for adjustment.ConclusionsRenal impairment in patients with HF and AF is common, fluctuates, progresses, and frequently mandates NOAC dose reduction, though the need for cessation is rare. Baseline renal function, the method of estimating GFR, and intensity of monitoring should be considered when commencing oral anticoagulation.
Difluorotriorganylphosphoranes for the Synthesis of Fluorophosphonium and Bismuthonium Salts
Authors: Solyntjes Sven , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans‐Georg , Ignat'ev Nikolai , Hoge Berthold 
Published: September 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Berthold Hoge at Universität Bielefeld, Germany. The cover image shows a musical “triad” symbolizing the three phosphorus(V) species discussed in the paper.
5GEx: realising a Europe‐wide multi‐domain framework for software‐defined infrastructures
Authors: Bernardos Carlos J. , Gerö Balázs Péter , Di Girolamo Marco , Kern András , Martini Barbara , Vaishnavi Ishan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMarket fragmentation has resulted in a multitude of network and cloud/data center operators, each focused on different countries, regions and technologies. This makes it difficult and costly to create infrastructure services spanning multiple domains, such as virtual connectivity or compute resources. In this article, we discuss the goals and work being done within the 5GEx (5G Exchange) project in realising a Europe‐wide multi‐domain platform. This platform aims at enabling cross‐domain orchestration of services over multiple administrations or over multi‐domain single administrations in the context of emerging 5G networking. The 5GEx vision is based on introducing a unification via network function virtualisation/software‐defined networking compatible multi‐domain orchestration for networks, clouds and services. We describe the motivation and 5GEx vision, the adopted architecture and the next steps in terms of implementation and experimentation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive 5G multiservice and multitenant radio access network architecture
Authors: Droste Heinz , Rost Peter , Doll Mark , Berberana Ignacio , Mannweiler Christian , Breitbach Markus , Banchs Albert , Puente Miguel A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article provides an overview on objectives and first results of the Horizon 2020 project 5G NOvel Radio Multiservice adaptive network Architecture (5GNORMA). With 5G NORMA, leading players in the mobile ecosystem aim to underpin Europe's leadership position in 5G. The key objective of 5G NORMA is to develop a conceptually novel, adaptive and future‐proof 5G mobile network architecture. This architecture will allow for adapting the network to a wide range of service specific requirements, resulting in novel service‐aware and context‐aware end‐to‐end function chaining. The technical approach is based on an innovative concept of adaptive (de)composition and allocation of mobile network functions based on end‐user requirements and infrastructure capabilities. At the same time, cost savings and faster time to market are to be expected by joint deployment of logically separated multiservice and multitenant networks on common hardware and other physical resources making use of traffic multiplexing gains. In this context architectural enablers such as network function virtualization and software‐defined mobile networking will play a key role for introducing the needed flexible resource assignment to logical networks and specific virtual network functions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient signal detection for cognitive radio relay networks under imperfect channel estimation
Authors: Sadough Seyed Mohammad Sajad , Chamideh Zahra , Khalighi Mohammad‐Ali 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAssuming imperfect channel knowledge at the destination, we propose an improved detector for an underlay cognitive (secondary) amplify‐and‐forward wireless relay network coexisting with a primary transmission system. At first, we adjust the amplify‐and‐forward relay amplification factors by taking into account the interference temperature constraint at the primary receiver. In a second step, for the case of coherent distributed space‐time coding at the relays and maximum a posteriori signal detection at the destination, we propose a modified detector formulation. The proposed scheme reduces the impact of channel uncertainty on the receiver performance by appropriately exploiting the statistics of the channel estimation errors. Furthermore, it takes into account the interference level limitation imposed by the primary transmission system on the relays. Through some numerical results, we show that the proposed detector reduces significantly the required power level to achieve a target performance at the destination, which is of special interest for underlay cognitive radio systems. This way, the proposed receiver allows a reduction of the required protection area around the primary transmitter, leading to the increased of flexibility of the cognitive radio network design. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing Pre‐Post Test Designs in Higher Education Evaluations
Authors: Tesch Aaron 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis chapter outlines the implementation of a pilot project to evaluate courses and an education program with pre‐post designs in an undergraduate psychology program. This plan of evaluation incorporates a variety of pre‐post test designs to measure the change in student performance across different contexts—including traditional and online courses—rather than rely solely on outcome measures without controls as is common in higher education evaluation. In addition to building on the essential value of this design, this chapter examines a largely faculty‐directed evaluation program, which examines the need for expertise in instrument development and pedagogical scholarship, and demonstrates the importance of administrative support.
Evaluating a General Education Program in Transition
Authors: Stevenson John F. , Hicks Sandy Jean , Hubbard Anne 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis reflective case study uses one public university example to explore the role of student learning outcomes assessment in the improvement of general education programs. These programs are a universal feature of higher education in the United States, requiring learning experiences for all students at an institution—but with little likely commitment from the faculty. Our university's efforts to overcome faculty apathy and resistance, build a responsive assessment system, and direct it toward transformation of our program are instructive beyond the higher education context. We take a participatory, utilization‐focused approach and reflect on what we have learned as it illuminates both the relevance of evaluation concepts to our work in assessment and the contributions from our context to the broader domains of evaluation conceptualization and practice.
Engaging Faculty in an Evaluative Conversation
Authors: Rickards William H. , Abromeit Jeana , Mentkowski Marcia , Mernitz Heather 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHigher education evaluation or assessment plans generally look to key assessments within the curriculum for critical demonstrations of students’ learning. Increasingly, accreditation agencies (e.g., Southern Association of Schools and Colleges, National Council on Accreditation of Teacher Education) have asked for evidence of how faculty have made use of student outcome data in their own ongoing planning. This is a condition that expands the notion of evaluation as a collection of data from which to examine the merit or worth of a program to the collaborative and analytic meaning making of evaluative action. This has been an area of traditional complication where evaluators work to support the use of evaluation findings while maintaining appropriate independence from the program administrators with operational responsibility. However, this combination of instructional needs, accountability expectations, and insight into evaluative outcomes amplifies the need for evaluator expertise for collaborating in these dimensions of practice. This study then examines the work of a faculty and its assessment team—including evaluation researchers—to (a) implement and evaluate a general education program through a midprogram assessment, (b) analyze the faculty's engagement with the results and (c) adapt the reporting and meaning‐making processes to further invest the faculty as coinvestigators in the evaluation and its use in improving the program.
Beyond the Rhetoric: Evaluation Practices in Higher Education
Authors: Stitt‐Bergh Monica , Rickards William H. , Bertrand Jones Tamara 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNorth American higher education institutions have been developing their own systems of learning outcomes assessment that are not part of the public rhetoric on higher education. Evaluators have new opportunities in higher education and evaluator–faculty partnerships are a key to their success. Evaluator knowledge of the institution‐specific context and evaluator cultural competence can help evaluators overcome faculty resistance and design appropriate assessment systems. In higher education, the evaluators’ roles include documenting and facilitating use of results, leveraging technology and existing data, negotiating what becomes public information, and coauthoring with faculty.
Rückverankerung einer Spritzbetonschale im Rahmen einer Tunnelsanierung
Authors: von Havranek Frank 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDer Effolderbacher Eisenbahntunnel wurde im Jahr 1870 erbaut. Bereits kurz nach Inbetriebnahme musste das Gewölbe teilweise überfirstet und verstärkt werden. In jüngeren Sanierungen wurden in Teilabschnitten Gitterbögen mit Spritzbetonrippen eingebaut und der Sandsteinausbau örtlich mit Ziegelmauerwerk erneuert. Bereits in den 1950er‐Jahren wurde eine Absenkung der Firste um bis zu 0,35 m infolge sich ablösender Gebirgsbereiche festgestellt. Infolge von Wasserzutritt und Frost witterte das ursprünglich 0,25 bis 0,50 m starke Sandsteingewölbe teils stark ab, was dessen Tragfähigkeit stark reduzierte. Deshalb fand eine erste Sofortsicherung mit rückverankertem Spritzbeton bereits im Jahr 2009 statt. Im Rahmen verschiedener Variantenuntersuchungen und Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalysen entschied sich die DB Netz AG für die Sanierung des bestehenden Bauwerks und für den Einbau einer dauerhaften rückverankerten Innenschale. Die Auswahl eines geeigneten Ankersystems ist ein komplexes Thema. Neben der Wahl des Einbauverfahrens, ist die Vielzahl geänderter Baubestimmungen durch Einführung der europäischen Normung, die teils neu herausgegebenen oder an die europäische Normung angepassten eisenbahnspezifischen Regelungen und der aktuelle Stand der Zulassungen zu beachten. Im Beitrag werden anhand der konkreten Baumaßnahme die Gründe diskutiert, die bei der Auswahl eines dauerhaften Ankersystems maßgebend sein können.
What is the therapeutic value of antidepressants in dementia? A narrative review
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Morrell Lucy , Banerjee Sube 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesAntidepressants are commonly used in dementia. Depression is a frequent and important co‐morbidity in dementia, and antidepressants are often used to treat depression and more widely. However, there are questions about their utility in depression in dementia and other behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. The aim of this narrative review is to summarize the evidence on whether there is therapeutic value in prescribing antidepressants to people with dementia.MethodsA PubMed search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials that prescribed antidepressants to people with dementia, either in the treatment of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (depression, anxiety, agitation/aggression, psychosis and apathy) or for secondary outcomes (quality of life, carer burden, activities of daily living, cognition, clinical severity and adverse events).ResultsThirty‐six randomized controlled trials were identified (participant n = 3386). A consistent finding in well‐designed blinded placebo controlled trials in dementia is the lack of positive effect of antidepressants on outcomes of interest, including depression. One large well‐designed study has reported a significant reduction in agitation in people with dementia, but at the expense of clinically significant adverse events. Otherwise, change observed in open trials is also seen in the placebo group, suggesting that any effect is not attributable to the prescription of antidepressants.ConclusionsIt is striking how few data there are on indications other than depression. We should question the use of antidepressants in dementia. Definitive trials of clinical effectiveness of specific indications such as anxiety and agitation in dementia and discontinuation of antidepressants in dementia are needed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intersubject variability and induced gamma in the visual cortex: DCM with empirical Bayes and neural fields
Authors: Pinotsis Dimitris A. , Perry Gavin , Litvak Vladimir , Singh Krish D. , Friston Karl J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article describes the first application of a generic (empirical) Bayesian analysis of between‐subject effects in the dynamic causal modeling (DCM) of electrophysiological (MEG) data. It shows that (i) non‐invasive (MEG) data can be used to characterize subject‐specific differences in cortical microcircuitry and (ii) presents a validation of DCM with neural fields that exploits intersubject variability in gamma oscillations. We find that intersubject variability in visually induced gamma responses reflects changes in the excitation‐inhibition balance in a canonical cortical circuit. Crucially, this variability can be explained by subject‐specific differences in intrinsic connections to and from inhibitory interneurons that form a pyramidal‐interneuron gamma network. Our approach uses Bayesian model reduction to evaluate the evidence for (large sets of) nested models—and optimize the corresponding connectivity estimates at the within and between‐subject level. We also consider Bayesian cross‐validation to obtain predictive estimates for gamma‐response phenotypes, using a leave‐one‐out procedure. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4597–4614, 2016. © The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pharmacokinetics of 14C‐ortho‐phenylphenol following intravenous administration in pigs
Authors: Nixon Emma , Brooks James D. , Routh Patricia A. , Chittenden Jason T. , Baynes Ronald E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWorkers in the USA are exposed to industrial formulations, which may be toxic. These formulations often contain preservatives or biocides such as ortho‐phenylphenol (OPP). There are limited data describing OPP following intravenous administration to assess truly the clearance of this chemical in humans and other species. In vivo experiments were conducted in pigs to determine related pharmacokinetic parameters. 14C‐OPP was administered as an intravenous bolus dose. Blood, feces, urine and tissue samples were collected for analysis by liquid scintillation. Data were analyzed using non‐compartmental and compartmental pharmacokinetic model approaches. These data fitted a three‐compartment model and showed that the half‐life of 14C‐OPP following the intravenous bolus in pigs was 46.26 ± 10.01 h. The kidneys play a crucial role in clearance of 14C‐OPP with a large percentage of the dose being found in the urine (70.3 ± 6.9% dose). Comparisons with other species suggest that 14C‐OPP clearance in pigs (2.48 ml h–1 kg–1) is less than that in humans (18.87 ml h–1 kg–1) and rats (35.51 ml h–1 kg–1). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.