bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial and ethnic disparities in human papillomavirus‐associated cancer burden with first‐generation and second‐generation human papillomavirus vaccines
Authors: Burger Emily A. , Lee Kyueun , Saraiya Mona , Thompson Trevor D. , Chesson Harrell W. , Markowitz Lauri E. , Kim Jane J. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDIn the United States, the burden of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated cancers varies by racial/ethnic group. HPV vaccination may provide opportunities for primary prevention of these cancers. Herein, the authors projected changes in HPV‐associated cancer burden among racial/ethnic groups under various coverage assumptions with the available first‐generation and second‐generation HPV vaccines to evaluate changes in racial/ethnic disparities.METHODSCancer‐specific mathematical models simulated the burden of 6 HPV‐associated cancers. Model parameters, informed using national registries and epidemiological studies, reflected sex‐specific, age‐specific, and racial/ethnic‐specific heterogeneities in HPV type distribution, cancer incidence, stage of disease at detection, and mortality. Model outcomes included the cumulative lifetime risks of developing and dying of 6 HPV‐associated cancers. The level of racial/ethnic disparities was evaluated under each alternative HPV vaccine scenario using several metrics of social group disparity.RESULTSHPV vaccination is expected to reduce the risks of developing and dying of HPV‐associated cancers in all racial/ethnic groups as well as reduce the absolute degree of disparities. However, alternative metrics suggested that relative disparities would persist and in some scenarios worsen. For example, when assuming high uptake with the second‐generation HPV vaccine, the lifetime risk of dying of an HPV‐associated cancer for males decreased by approximately 60%, yet the relative disparity increased from 3.0 to 3.9.CONCLUSIONSHPV vaccines are expected to reduce the overall burden of HPV‐associated cancers for all racial/ethnic groups and to reduce the absolute disparity gap. However, even with the second‐generation vaccine, relative disparities will likely still exist and may widen if the underlying causes of these disparities remain unaddressed. Cancer 2016;122:2057–66. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Posterior parietal cortex of the rat: Architectural delineation and thalamic differentiation
Authors: Olsen Grethe M. , Witter Menno P. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThis study refines the characterization of the rat parietal cortical domain in terms of cyto‐ and chemoarchitecture as well as thalamic connectivity. We recognize three subdivisions of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), which are architectonically distinct from the neighboring somatosensory and visual cortices. Furthermore, we show that the different parietal areas are differently connected with thalamic nuclei. The medial portion of PPC (mPPC) is connected primarily with the medial portion of the lateral posterior nucleus (LP), whereas the lateral portion (lPPC) connects with the posterior complex (Po). The more caudolateral part of PPC (PtP) also projects to Po but can be distinguished from lPPC based on architectonic criteria. The primary somatic and visual cortices, neighboring PPC, are preferentially connected with the primary ventral posterior and dorsolateral geniculate nuclei, respectively, and less with the associational Po and LP. Particularly the border between the secondary visual cortex and the PPC has been a matter of controversy, but here we show that, although PPC subareas are connected with Po and medial LP, the medial and lateral secondary visual cortices are connected with lateral LP and a portion of medial LP different from that connected with PPC. The resulting delineations and specifications of connectivity with thalamic nuclei together with upcoming studies of cortical connectivity will facilitate detailed studies on the role of the subdivisions of PPC in the rat as diverse, higher order associative cortical areas, comparable to those described in the primate.for J. Comp. Neurol. 524:3774–3809, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
gSched: a resource aware Hadoop scheduler for heterogeneous cloud computing environments
Authors: Caruana Godwin , Li Maozhen , Qi Man , Khan Mukhtaj , Rana Omer 
Published: April 2016

SummaryMapReduce has become a major programming model for data‐intensive applications in cloud computing environments. Hadoop, an open source implementation of MapReduce, has been adopted by an increasingly wide user community. However, Hadoop suffers from task scheduling performance degradation in heterogeneous contexts because of its homogeneous design focus. This paper presents gSched, a resource‐aware Hadoop scheduler that takes into account both the heterogeneity of computing resources and provisioning charges in task allocation in cloud computing environments. gSched is initially evaluated in an experimental Hadoop cluster and demonstrates enhanced performance compared with the default Hadoop scheduler. Further evaluations are conducted on the Amazon EC2 cloud that demonstrates the effectiveness of gSched in task allocation in heterogeneous cloud computing environments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A dynamically downscaled projection of past and future microclimates
Authors: Levy Ofir , Buckley Lauren B. , Keitt Timothy H. , Angilletta Michael J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEcological forecasting requires information about the climatic conditions experienced by organisms. Despite impressive methodological and computational advances, ecological forecasting still suffers from poor resolutions of environmental data. Published data comprise relatively few layers of surface climate and suffer from coarse temporal resolution. Hence, models using these data might underestimate heterogeneity of microclimates and miss biological consequences of climatic extremes. Moreover, we currently lack predictions about vegetation cover in future environments, a key factor for estimating the spatial heterogeneity of microclimates and hence the capacity for behavioral thermoregulation. Here, we describe microclimates and vegetation for the past and the future at spatial and temporal resolutions of 36 km (approximately 0.3°) and 1 h, respectively. We used the Weather Research and Forecasting model to downscale published, bias‐corrected predictions of a global‐circulation model from a resolution of 0.9° latitude and 1.25° longitude (approximately 100 km in latitude and 130 km in longitude). Output from this model was used as input for a microclimate model, which generated temperatures and wind speeds for 1980–1999 and 2080–2099 at various heights, as well as soil temperatures at various depths and shade intensities. We also predicted the percentage of green vegetation and the percentage of shade given the angle of the sun. These data were evaluated using several criteria, each of which shed light on a different aspect of value to researchers. The metadata describe the modeling protocol, microclimate calculations, computer programs, and the evaluation process.
Linking individual‐level functional traits to tree growth in a subtropical forest
Authors: Liu Xiaojuan , Swenson Nathan G. , Lin Dunmei , Mi Xiangcheng , Umaña María Natalia , Schmid Bernhard , Ma Keping 
Published: April 2016

AbstractForging strong links between traits and performance is essential for understanding and predicting community assembly and dynamics. Functional trait analyses of trees that have correlated single‐trait values with measures of performance such as growth and mortality have generally found weak relationships. A reason for these weak relationships is the failure to use individual‐level trait data while simultaneously putting that data into the context of the abiotic setting, neighborhood composition, and the remaining axes constituting the overall phenotype. Here, utilizing detailed growth and trait data for 59 species of trees in a subtropical forest, we demonstrate that the individual‐level functional trait values are strongly related to individual growth rates, and that the strength of these relationships critically depends on the context of that individual. We argue that our understanding of trait–performance relationships can be greatly improved with individual‐level data so long as that data is put into the proper context.
Free‐standing Graphene/Poly(methylene blue)/AgNPs Composite Paper for Electrochemical Sensing of NADH
Authors: Topçu Ezgi , Dağcı Kader , Alanyalıoğlu Murat 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHighly flexible graphene/poly(methylene blue)/AgNPs composite paper was successfully prepared for amperometric biosensing of NADH. For this purpose, a dispersion including graphene oxide (GO), methylene blue (MB) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was prepared and GO/MB/AgNPs paper was acquired by vacuum‐filtration of this dispersion through a suitable membrane. After peeling it off from membrane, it was transformed to rGO/MB/AgNPs paper by performing reduction with hydriodic acid. In a three‐electrode cell, which is containing 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (pH: 9.0), rGO/MB/AgNPs paper was used as working electrode and rGO/poly(MB)/AgNPs composite paper was generated by surface‐confined electropolymerization of MB using successive cyclic voltammetry approach in a suitable potential window. Characterization of this composite paper was carried out by using scanning electron microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, powder X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, four‐point probe conductivity measurement and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Flexible rGO/poly(MB)/AgNPs composite paper has demonstrated high sensitivity, wide linear range and low detection limit for amperometric quantification of NADH.
Interspecies rootstocks affect cadmium accumulation in postgrafting generation plants of potential cadmium-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum
Authors: Wang Jin , Lin Lijin , Liu Lei , Liang Dong , Xia Hui , Lv Xiulan , Liao Ming'An , Wang Zhihui , Lai Yunsong , Tang Yi , Wang Xun , Ren Wei 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Pot and field experiments were conducted to study the effects of interspecies rootstocks on cadmium (Cd) accumulation characteristics of the potential Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum photeinocarpum postgrafting generation plants. Four treatments (ungrafted and S. photeinocarpum seedlings grafted on the rootstocks of eggplant, potato, and tomato) were utilized in the present study. In the 2 pot experiments, eggplant and potato reduced biomass of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation plants, whereas tomato increased shoot biomass compared with the control (ungrafted seedlings). Compared with ungrafted seedlings, tomato increased and eggplant decreased Cd contents in shoots of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation. Only tomato increased Cd extraction by shoots of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation compared with ungrafted seedlings. In the field experiment, only tomato increased shoot Cd content of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation by 8.31% and shoot Cd extraction by 9.30% compared with ungrafted seedlings. Therefore, use of tomato as rootstock could enhance the ability of S. photeinocarpum postgrafting generation plants to remediate Cd-contaminated soil. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2845–2850. © 2016 SETAC
Ensemble data assimilation applied to an adaptive mesh ocean model
Authors: Du Juan , Zhu Jiang , Fang Fangxin , Pain C. C. , Navon I. M. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryIn this study, a first attempt has been made to introduce mesh adaptivity into the ensemble Kalman fiter (EnKF) method. The EnKF data assimilation system was established for an unstructured adaptive mesh ocean model (Fluidity, Imperial College London). The mesh adaptivity involved using high resolution mesh at the regions of large flow gradients and around the observation points in order to reduce the representativeness errors of the observations. The use of adaptive meshes unavoidably introduces difficulties in the implementation of EnKF. The ensembles are defined at different meshes. To overcome the difficulties, a supermesh technique is employed for generating a reference mesh. The ensembles are then interpolated from their own mesh onto the reference mesh. The performance of the new EnKF data assimilation system has been tested in the Munk gyre flow test case. The discussion of this paper will focus on (a) the development of the EnKF data assimilation system within an adaptive mesh model and (b) the advantages of mesh adaptivity in the ocean data assimilation model. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Data‐Driven Gaussian Process Regression Model for Two‐Chamber Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: He Y.‐J. , Ma Z.‐F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRapidly and accurately modeling of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) plays an important role not only in thorough understanding of the effects of operating conditions on system performance, but also in the successful implementation of real‐time maximization of power output. Although the first principle electrochemical model has better generalization performance, it is often time‐consuming for model construction and is hard to real‐time application. In this study, a nonparametric Gaussian process regression (GPR) model is used to capture the nonlinear relationship between operating conditions and output voltage in the MFCs. A simple online learning strategy is proposed to recursively update the hyper‐parameters of the GPR model. The applicability and effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by both the simulation and experimental datasets from the acetate and the glucose and glutamic acid two‐chamber MFCs. The results illustrate that the online GPR model provides a promising method for capturing the complex nonlinearity phenomenon in MFCs, which can be greatly helpful for further real‐time optimization of MFCs.
A Novel Molten Oxide Fuel Cell Concept
Authors: Belousov V. V. , Fedorov S. V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe suggest a novel molten oxide fuel cell (MOFC) concept. The MOFC is based on the oxygen‐ion‐conducting solid/molten oxide electrolyte (so‐called liquid‐channel‐grain‐boundary‐structure, LGBS, material) consisting of TeO2 solid grains and chemically compatible TeO2+Te4Bi2O11 liquid electrolyte at the grain boundaries. The intergranular liquid channels provide the LGBS mechanical plasticity (ductility), which makes it easy to shape and alleviates problems due to thermal incompatibility with electrodes (CTE), and high ionic conductivity. The volume fraction of liquid varied from 0.15 to 0.17 at 600–640 °C. The cell performance has been examined by standard electrochemical methods. With air used as a cathode gas, the single cell showed the power 11.5 mW cm−2 at the current density 90 mA cm−2, electrolyte thickness 2.5 mm, and temperature 640 °C.
Pedicled adipofascial infraclavicular flap: Elevation technique and its use for maintaining neck contour and vessel coverage after radical and modified radical neck dissection
Authors: Yoo John , Low Tsu‐Hui (Hubert) , Tam Samantha , Partridge Allison , MacNeil S. Danielle , Nichols Anthony C. , Fung Kevin 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe pedicled adipofascial infraclavicular flap (ICF) is based on the anterior perforator of the supraclavicular artery and supplies the fasciocutaneous tissue of the upper chest. This flap may be used to address neck contour defects and vessel coverage after radical and modified radical neck dissections (MRNDs).MethodsWe described the pedicled adipofascial ICF elevation technique and its use immediately after neck dissections in order to maintain soft tissue volume and vessel coverage. A video of the operation is provided.ResultsOur results demonstrated satisfactory neck contours with adequate volume replacement, great vessel coverage, and little donor‐site morbidity.ConclusionThe pedicled adipofascial ICF is a technically straightforward operation with broad possible applications in head and neck surgery. It may be useful to provide vascularized soft‐tissue coverage and maintain neck contour after neck dissections. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–1582, 2016
LCA case study on lawn establishment and maintenance with various peat and compost contents in substrates
Authors: Silvenius Frans , Niemeläinen Oiva , Kurppa Sirpa 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The environmental impacts of the establishment and maintenance of lawn, including the production and use of various substrates, were analyzed by life cycle assessment (LCA). The project focused on comparing substrates with different peat and compost contents using pilot substrates and developed a calculation tool to optimize landscaping from an ecological perspective. The impact categories were climate change, aquatic eutrophication, acidification, and use of primary energy. Life cycle assessment methodology and ISO standards 14040 and 14044 were used. Two thousand tons of substrates per hectare of lawn area were assumed to be needed; this large amount explains the importance of the substrate properties for all of the impact categories. Degradation of peat was the most significant factor of the influence of climate; thus, the most effective means of reducing the impact of landscaping on climate is to replace peat with compost. Nitrous oxide and methane emissions were related to the use of compost, but most of these emissions will occur regardless of how the sludge or biowaste is treated. Ammonia emissions from composting were the most important factor for acidification. The significance of fuel consumption by machinery in lawn establishment and mowing was low. The high contents of N and P in compost-based substrates may lead to high nutrient emissions into water systems, which can have significant local impact. The tool helps optimize substrate contents to minimize the environmental effects. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2016;12:459–464. © 2016 SETAC
Key Points
Peat degradation from substrates is the most essential greenhouse gas source in landscaping. Nitrous oxides and methane emissions from composting can also be essential with regard to greenhouse gas emissions from landscaping. Nutrient leaches can be a problem when using compost-based substrates in lawn areas. Significance of fuel consumption in maintenance and establishment of lawns are very low compared to properties of substrates.
Synthesis and characterization of conductive, biodegradable, elastomeric polyurethanes for biomedical applications
Authors: Xu Cancan , Yepez Gerardo , Wei Zi , Liu Fuqiang , Bugarin Alejandro , Hong Yi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBiodegradable conductive polymers are currently of significant interest in tissue repair and regeneration, drug delivery, and bioelectronics. However, biodegradable materials exhibiting both conductive and elastic properties have rarely been reported to date. To that end, an electrically conductive polyurethane (CPU) was synthesized from polycaprolactone diol, hexadiisocyanate, and aniline trimer and subsequently doped with (1S)‐(+)−10‐camphorsulfonic acid (CSA). All CPU films showed good elasticity within a 30% strain range. The electrical conductivity of the CPU films, as enhanced with increasing amounts of CSA, ranged from 2.7 ± 0.9 × 10−10 to 4.4 ± 0.6 × 10−7 S/cm in a dry state and 4.2 ± 0.5 × 10−8 to 7.3 ± 1.5 × 10−5 S/cm in a wet state. The redox peaks of a CPU1.5 film (molar ratio CSA:aniline trimer = 1.5:1) in the cyclic voltammogram confirmed the desired good electroactivity. The doped CPU film exhibited good electrical stability (87% of initial conductivity after 150 hours charge) as measured in a cell culture medium. The degradation rates of CPU films increased with increasing CSA content in both phosphate‐buffered solution (PBS) and lipase/PBS solutions. After 7 days of enzymatic degradation, the conductivity of all CSA‐doped CPU films had decreased to that of the undoped CPU film. Mouse 3T3 fibroblasts proliferated and spread on all CPU films. This developed biodegradable CPU with good elasticity, electrical stability, and biocompatibility may find potential applications in tissue engineering, smart drug release, and electronics. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2305–2314, 2016.
Environmental stress cracking performance of polyether and PDMS‐based polyurethanes in an in vitro oxidation model
Authors: Gallagher Genevieve , Padsalgikar Ajay , Tkatchouk Ekaterina , Jenney Chris , Iacob Ciprian , Runt James 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTEnvironmental stress cracking (ESC) was replicated in vitro on Optim™ (OPT) insulation, a polydimethylsiloxane‐based polyurethane utilized clinically in cardiac leads, using a Zhao‐type oxidation model. OPT performance was compared to that of two industry standard polyether urethanes: Pellethane® 80A (P80A), and Pellethane® 55D (P55D). Clinically relevant specimen configurations and strain states were utilized: low‐voltage cardiac lead segments were held in a U‐shape by placing them inside of vials. To study whether aging conditions impacted ESC formation, half of the samples were subjected to a pretreatment in human plasma for 7 days at 37°C; all samples were then aged in oxidative solutions containing 0.9% NaCl, 20% H2O2, and either 0 or 0.1M CoCl2, with or without glass wool for 72 days at 37°C. Visual and SEM inspection revealed significant surface cracking consistent with ESC on all P80A and P55D samples. Sixteen of twenty P80A and 10/20 P55D samples also exhibited breaches. Seven of 20 OPT samples exhibited shallow surface cracking consistent with ESC. ATR–FTIR confirmed surface changes consistent with oxidation for all materials. The number average molecular weight decreased an average of 31% for OPT, 86% for P80A, and 56% for P55D samples. OPT outperformed P80A and P55D in this Zhao‐type in vitro ESC model. An aging solution of 0.9% NaCl, 20% H2O2, and 0.1M CoCl2, with glass wool provided the best combination of ESC replication and ease of use. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1544–1558, 2017.
Active nano/microbilayer hemostatic agents for diabetic rat bleeding model
Authors: Karahaliloğlu Zeynep , Demirbilek Murat , Ulusoy İbrahim , Gümüşkaya Berrak , Denkbaş Emir Baki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPatients with diabetes mellitus have an increased cardiovascular risk due to the abnormality of hemostatic system components. Therefore, hemostasis is an important concept when considering that diabetics are under risk due to potential bleeding complications during surgical operation. The aim of our study was to examine the efficiency of a fabricated nano/microbilayer hemostatic dressing for bleeding control in diabetic patients. For this purpose, we prepared a nano/microbilayer hemostatic dressing that has a porous sublayer, including chitosan (CTS), bacterial cellulose (BC) as basement and active agents in coagulation cascade, such as vitamin K (Vit K), protamine sulfate (PS), and kaolin (Kao) as a filler and an upper layer consisting of silk fibroin (SF) or SF/phosphatidylcholine (PC) blend to achieve complete hemostasis in diabetic rats. Coagulative performances of the prepared hemostatic dressings were examined by the determination of bleeding time, blood loss, and mortality rate through diabetic rat femoral artery injury model. The percent of diabetic rat blood absorption was found to be 247 ± 5% for gauze as opposed to 2214 ± 56% for SF‐coated PS/BC/CTS. Vit K‐reinforced within 138 s and SF‐coated BC/CTS hemostatic dressings within 144 s showed a rapid coagulation time.In vivocoagulation studies demonstrated that hemostatic agent‐reinforced BC/CTS hemostatic dressing, especially PS/BC/CTS showed a significant hemostatic plug formation. This study suggests that the high positive charge and porosity give to these hemostatic agents reinforced hemostatic dressings the ability to rapidly swell and to promote the accumulation of red blood cells and platelets through electrostatic interactions. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1573–1585, 2017.