bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human-induced changes in the soil cover at the mouth of the Vistula River Cross-Cut (northern Poland)
Authors: Hulisz Piotr , Michalski Adam , Dąbrowski Michał , Kusza Grzegorz , Łéczyński Leszek 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the impact of human activity on the soil formation at the mouth of the Vistula Cross-Cut (northern Poland). The detailed research was conducted in the test area (about 500 ha) for which the soil map was created. The three major soil belts were distinguished, grouping the soils formed on marine, aeolian and technogenic sediments, deposited both naturally and anthropogenically as a result of the hydrotechnical works. Initial soils, arenosols, gleysols, brackish marsh soils and industrial soils predominate across the study area. Most of them were characterized by high spatial diversity and multi-layering. Their properties reflected varied dynamics of the local environment on both sides of the river channel, greatly enhanced by the human activity. Based of the obtained results, some proposals concerning arenosols, marsh soils and industrial soils for the Polish Soil Classification (2011) were presented.
THE USE OF BIOCERAMICS IN ENDODONTICS - LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: Jitaru Stefan , Hodisan Ioana , Timis Lucia , Lucian Anamaria , Bud Marius 
Published: February 2016

Background and aim. Bioceramics are ceramic compounds obtained both in situ and in vivo, by various chemical processes. Bioceramics exhibit excellent biocompatibility due to their similarity with biological materials, like hydroxyapatite. Bioceramics and multi-substituted hydroxyapatite or similar compounds have the ability to induce a regenerative response in the organism.The aim of this paper is to make a literature review on the main bioceramic materials currently used in endodontics and on their specific characteristics.Methods. We conducted a search in the international databases (PubMed), to identify publications in the last 10 years, using the following key words: "bioceramics endodontics", "bioceramic endodontic cement", "bioceramic sealer" and "direct pulp capping bioceramic".Results. Commonly used endodontic sealers (e.g., containing zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide and a resin) have a long tradition in scientific research and clinical use in endodontics. For specific cases, like root resorptions, perforations, apexification, and retrograde fillings, new biocompatible materials were developed in order to improve the clinical outcome: ProRooT MTA (Dentsply Company,Germany); Biodentine (Septodont, France); Endosequence BC sealer (Brassler, SUA); Bioaggregate (IBC, Canada); Generex A (Dentsply Tulsa Dental Specialties, USA).Conclusion. The studies are generally in favor of bioceramic materials even if there are not many products available on the market for endodontic use. As more products are launched and more research is performed regarding these materials, we will provide more reliable data on clinical outcome.
Kapłańska droga księdza prałata Stanisława Indyka
Authors: Kupiec Tomasz 
Published: February 2016

Życie ks. Stanisława Indyka stanowi dla kapłanów przykład realizacji powołania, a dla wiernych świeckich jest wyraźnym drogowskazem w drodze do Boga. Po otrzymaniu święceń kapłańskich pracował jako wikariusz i katecheta. Następnie pełnił posługę ojca duchownego i prefekta w Seminarium Duchownym w Tarnowie. W trudnych czasach wojny i okupacji otaczał pasterską troską swoich parafian w Tarnowie-Mościcach. Zorganizował ośrodek tajnego nauczania, rozwijał pomoc charytatywną oraz budował nowy kościół parafialny. Wytężona praca duszpasterska odbiła się na jego zdrowiu. Przeżył 80 lat, służąc z oddaniem Bogu i ludziom.
Motion Predicts Clinical Callus Formation
Authors: Elkins Jacob , Marsh J. Lawrence , Lujan Trevor , Peindl Richard , Kellam James , Anderson Donald D. , Lack William 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Mechanotransduction is theorized to influence fracture-healing, but optimal fracture-site motion is poorly defined. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3-D) fracture-site motion as estimated by finite element (FE) analysis would influence callus formation for a clinical series of supracondylar femoral fractures treated with locking-plate fixation.

Methods:
Construct-specific FE modeling simulated 3-D fracture-site motion for sixty-six supracondylar femoral fractures (OTA/AO classification of 33A or 33C) treated at a single institution. Construct stiffness and directional motion through the fracture were investigated to assess the validity of construct stiffness as a surrogate measure of 3-D motion at the fracture site. Callus formation was assessed radiographically for all patients at six, twelve, and twenty-four weeks postoperatively. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses examined the effects of longitudinal motion, shear (transverse motion), open fracture, smoking, and diabetes on callus formation. Construct types were compared to determine whether their 3-D motion profile was associated with callus formation.

Results:
Shear disproportionately increased relative to longitudinal motion with increasing bridge span, which was not predicted by our assessment of construct stiffness alone. Callus formation was not associated with open fracture, smoking, or diabetes at six, twelve, or twenty-four weeks. However, callus formation was associated with 3-D fracture-site motion at twelve and twenty-four weeks. Longitudinal motion promoted callus formation at twelve and twenty-four weeks (p = 0.017 for both). Shear inhibited callus formation at twelve and twenty-four weeks (p = 0.017 and p = 0.022, respectively). Titanium constructs with a short bridge span demonstrated greater longitudinal motion with less shear than did the other constructs, and this was associated with greater callus formation (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
In this study of supracondylar femoral fractures treated with locking-plate fixation, longitudinal motion promoted callus formation, while shear inhibited callus formation. Construct stiffness was found to be a poor surrogate of fracture-site motion. Future implant design and operative fixation strategies should seek to optimize 3-D fracture-site motion rather than rely on surrogate measures such as axial stiffness.
Intramedullary Nailing Compared with Spica Casts for Isolated Femoral Fractures in Four and Five-Year-Old Children
Authors: Ramo Brandon A. , Martus Jeffrey E. , Tareen Naureen , Hooe Benjamin S. , Snoddy Mark C. , Jo Chan-Hee 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Flexible intramedullary nailing (IMN) is a valuable tool in the treatment of femoral fractures in school-age children, whereas spica cast immobilization has been the standard of care for younger children. We compared these treatment modalities in a group of preschool-age children (four to five years of age).

Methods:
A retrospective cohort of consecutive patients, four to five years of age, with an isolated, complete femoral shaft or subtrochanteric fracture treated with intramedullary nailing or early spica cast immobilization and followed until fracture-healing were identified from two centers. Radiographic and clinical outcomes were compared between the groups. Statistical methods included chi-square and Fisher exact tests for categorical variables and the Mann-Whitney test for continuous variables.

Results:
Two hundred and sixty-two patients followed for a mean of thirty-two weeks were identified. One hundred and four patients underwent IMN and 158 patients were treated with immediate spica cast immobilization at the surgeon’s discretion. The patients who underwent IMN were older than those who underwent spica cast immobilization (mean, 5.2 versus 4.7 years; p < 0.001), were heavier (mean, 21.5 versus 18.0 kg; p < 0.001), and were more likely to have a higher-energy mechanism of injury (p = 0.025). At the time of final follow-up, there was no difference between groups with regard to the percentages of patients who had acceptable coronal angulation (≤15°), sagittal angulation (≤20°), and early fracture shortening (≤20 mm) (96.2% in the spica group versus 99.0% in the IMN group; p = 0.09). While there was no significant difference in the percentages who had an unplanned return to the operating room (3.8% in the IMN group versus 4.4% in the spica group; p > 0.99), the patients in the IMN group had more clinic visits (mean, 5.8 versus 4.0; p < 0.001) and longer follow-up (mean, forty-four versus twenty-five weeks; p < 0.001) than the patients in the spica group and a higher percentage of them underwent repeat procedures (89.4% versus 5.1%; p < 0.001), primarily for elective implant removal.

Conclusions:
Preschool-age children (four to five years old) with an isolated femoral fracture have similar clinical and radiographic outcomes regardless of whether they are treated with immediate spica cast immobilization or IMN.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Numerical Investigation of Complex Hydraulic-Fracture Development in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs
Authors: Wu Kan , Olson Jon E. 
Published: February 2016

Summary
Complex fracture networks have become more evident in shale reservoirs as a result of the interaction between pre-existing natural fractures (NFs) and hydraulic fractures (HFs). Accurate characterization of fracture complexity plays an important role in optimizing fracturing design, especially for shale reservoirs with high-density NFs.
In this study, we simulated simultaneous multiple-fracture propagation within a single fracturing stage by use of a complex HF-development model. The model was developed to simulate complex fracture propagation by coupling rock mechanics and fluid mechanics. A simplified 3D displacement-discontinuity method (DDM) was implemented to more accurately calculate fracture displacements and fracture-induced dynamic-stress changes than our previously developed pseudo-3D model. The effects of perforation-cluster spacing, differential stress (SHmax – Shmin), and the geometry of various NF patterns on injection pressure and fracture complexity were investigated.
The single-stage simulation results show that (1) higher differential stress suppresses fracture length and increases injection pressure; (2) there is an optimal choice for the number of fractures per stage to maximize effective fracture-surface contact area, beyond which increasing the number of fractures actually decreases effective fracture area; and (3) fracture complexity is a function of NF patterns (various regular-pattern geometries were investigated). NFs with small relative angle to HFs are more likely to control the fracture-propagation path. Also, NF patterns with more long fractures tend to increase the likelihood to dominate the preferential fracture trend of fracture trajectory. Our numerical model can provide a physics-based complex fracture network that can be imported into reservoir-simulation models for production analysis. The overall sensitivity results presented should serve as guidelines for fracture-complexity analysis.
Legal and Technical Aspects of Modernization of Land and Buildings Cadastre in Selected Area
Authors: Siejka Monika , Ślusarski Marek , Mika Monika 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Modernization of the land and buildings cadastre is a set of actions aimed at improving the quality of data collected there. Application in the process of modernization of the sources of information from the land surveying, gives fully satisfactory results. On the other hand the use of photogrammetric measurements is the solution more economical in terms of financial and time. However, there is a danger of obtaining the results which do not meet the standards of accuracy of the border points position. The paper presents an example of the results of the influence of the process of modernizing the land and buildings cadastre for the areas where the source material are cadastral maps in the scale 1: 2000, created on the basis of photomaps or cadastral maps in the scale 1: 2880. An assessment of the suitability of these materials in the process of modernization and their impact on the current form of the land and building cadastre as a public register was made.
Application of Technical Measures and Software in Constructing Photorealistic 3D Models of Historical Building Using Ground-Based and Aerial (UAV) Digital Images
Authors: Zarnowski Aleksander , Banaszek Anna , Banaszek Sebastian 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Preparing digital documentation of historical buildings is a form of protecting cultural heritage. Recently there have been several intensive studies using non-metric digital images to construct realistic 3D models of historical buildings. Increasingly often, non-metric digital images are obtained with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). Technologies and methods of UAV flights are quite different from traditional photogrammetric approaches. The lack of technical guidelines for using drones inhibits the process of implementing new methods of data acquisition.
This paper presents the results of experiments in the use of digital images in the construction of photo-realistic 3D model of a historical building (Raphaelsohns’ Sawmill in Olsztyn). The aim of the study at the first stage was to determine the meteorological and technical conditions for the acquisition of aerial and ground-based photographs. At the next stage, the technology of 3D modelling was developed using only ground-based or only aerial non-metric digital images. At the last stage of the study, an experiment was conducted to assess the possibility of 3D modelling with the comprehensive use of aerial (UAV) and ground-based digital photographs in terms of their labour intensity and precision of development. Data integration and automatic photo-realistic 3D construction of the models was done with Pix4Dmapper and Agisoft PhotoScan software Analyses have shown that when certain parameters established in an experiment are kept, the process of developing the stock-taking documentation for a historical building moves from the standards of analogue to digital technology with considerably reduced cost.
Bearing steels for induction hardening – Part I
Authors: Wendel M. , Hoffmann F. , Datchary W. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Surface induction hardening, through induction hardening, and induction tempering of components like rolling elements or rings are established in production and are further developed in research and development. Among others, the used steel grade for induction hardening is one important factor affecting the induction hardening result. The present study benchmarks potential and existing bearing steels in terms of their induction hardening response. Steel grades with low to high carbon contents and different alloying strategies were selected. The robustness of the heat treatment result depending on the selected steels and their prior conditions, prior to induction hardening, shall be pointed out. A dilatometer study was used to compare the sensitivity of martensite start temperature (MS), hardness after quenching, prior austenite grain size, and appearance of non-martensitic transformation products, for varied process parameters. The study showed the pronounced effect of the steels′ prior microstructure, prior to induction hardening, on the hardening response. The alloying with silicon and manganese reduced the amount of non-martensitic transformation products after hardening. Increasing amounts of alloying elements led in general to larger changes in MS temperature and lower hardness after hardening.
THE SCHULHOF FAMILY: SOLVING THE AGE PUZZLE
Authors: Vokrouhlický David , Ďurech Josef , Pravec Petr , Kušnirák Peter , Hornoch Kamil , Vraštil Jan , Krugly Yurij N. , Inasaridze Raguli Ya. , Ayvasian Vova , Zhuzhunadze Vasili , Molotov Igor E. , Pray Donald , Husárik Marek , Pollock Joseph T. , Nesvorný David 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The Schulhof family, a tight cluster of small asteroids around the central main belt body (2384) Schulhof, belongs to a so far rare class of very young families (estimated ages less than 1 Myr). Characterization of these asteroid clusters may provide important insights into the physics of the catastrophic disruption of their parent body. The case of the Schulhof family has been up to now complicated by the existence of two proposed epochs of its origin. In this paper, we first use our own photometric observations, as well as archival data, to determine the rotation rate and spin axis orientation of the largest fragment (2384) Schulhof. Our data also allow us to better constrain the absolute magnitude of this asteroid, and thus also improve the determination of its geometric albedo. Next, using the up-to-date catalog of asteroid orbits, we perform a new search of smaller members in the Schulhof family, increasing their number by 50%. Finally, the available data are used to access Schulhof's family age anew. We now find that the younger of the previously proposed two ages of this family is not correct, resulting from a large orbital uncertainty of single-opposition members. Our new runs reveal a single age solution of about 800 kyr with a realistic uncertainty of 200 kyr.
THE LOW-MASS ASTROMETRIC BINARY LSR 1610–0040
Authors: Koren Seth C. , Blake Cullen H. , Dahn Conard C. , Harris Hugh C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Even though it was discovered more than a decade ago, LSR 1610−0040 remains an enigma. This object has a peculiar spectrum that exhibits some features typically found in L subdwarfs, and others common in the spectra of more massive M dwarf stars. It is also a binary system with a known astrometric orbital solution. Given the available data, it remains a challenge to reconcile the observed properties of the combined light of LSR 1610−0040AB with current theoretical models of low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. We present the results of a joint fit to both astrometric and radial velocity measurements of this unresolved, low-mass binary. We find that the photocentric orbit has a period

days, somewhat longer than previous results, eccentricity of

, and we estimate that the semimajor axis of the orbit of the primary is

, consistent with previous results. While a complete characterization of the system is limited by our small number of radial velocity measurements, we establish a likely primary mass range of 0.09–0.10

from photometric and color–magnitude data. For a primary mass in this range, the secondary is constrained to be 0.06–0.075

, making a negligible contribution to the total I-band luminosity. This effectively rules out the possibility of the secondary being a compact object such as an old, low-mass white dwarf. Based on our analysis, we predict a likely angular separation at apoapsis comparable to the resolution limits of current high-resolution imaging systems. Measuring the angular separation of the A and B components would finally enable a full, unambiguous solution for the masses of the components of this system.
COTTON FIBER ALIGNMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON PROPERTIES OF HNBR VULCANIZATES: INFLUENCES OF SCORCH BEHAVIOR, FLOW DISTANCE, AND INJECTION PRESSURE
Authors: Sanprasert Pimsaruta , Sombatsompop Narongrit , Sae-oui Pongdhorn , Sirisinha Chakrit 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Injection molding of cotton fiber–filled HNBR is commonly used in the rubber industry. A microscopic technique was used to monitor level of fiber alignment as affected by varied scorch time, injection pressure, and flow distance in mold cavity. The results obviously reveal an increase in thickness of orderly alignment layer of fiber when injection pressure and flow distance in mold cavity increase, attributed to the increased magnitude of shear strain. On the other hand, a disorderly alignment of fiber is found in the system having relatively long scorch time. The molecular relaxation process via strain recovery causes a misalignment of cotton fibers. Stress relaxation results exhibit an increasing tendency of residual stress when injection pressure and flow distance in mold increase while scorch time decreases. Unexpectedly, the increase in creep strain with increasing injection pressure and flow distance, in association with a decrease in scorch time, arises from poor filler–rubber interaction.
Ludus sphaerae per annulum ferreum: tradición alegórico-emblemática del beugelen
Authors: Azanza López Javier 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: Beugelen was a game, described early on by Erasmus, which gained wide popularity in the Netherlands, played both in palaces and villages, as evidenced by numerous engravings of the 16th and 17th Centuries. Therefore, it is not surprising to find its allegorical-symbolic exploitation, associated with concepts such as mental laziness (Heinrich Aldegrever), the fatal consequences of the game (Johannes David) and the effects of human and divine love (Peter Rollos, Typus mundi, Ludovicus van Leuven and Willem den Elger). In the light of previous emblematic repertories, I delve into the meaning of a number of paintings, paying special attencion to works of Lucas Gassel (David and Bathsheba), Gerrit Lundens (People Playing Croquet in the Courtyard of an Inn) and Jan Steen (Garden Party). KEYWORDS: Beugelen, Netherlands, 16th and 17th Centuries, Emblematic Images, Painting. RESUMEN: El beugelen es un juego ya descrito por Erasmo que adquirió gran popularidad en los Países Bajos, practicándose tanto en aldeas como en palacios, como testimonian numerosos grabados de los siglos XVI-XVII. No resulta extraño por tanto su aprovechamiento simbólico-emblemático, asociado a conceptos como la pereza mental (Heinrich Aldegrever), las fatales consecuencias del juego (Johannes David) y los efectos del amor divino y humano (Peter Rollos, Typus mundi, Ludovicus van Leuven y Willem den Elger). A la luz de los anteriores repertorios emblemáticos tratamos de profundizar en el significado de algunas pinturas, prestando especial atención a obras de Lucas Gassel (David y Betsabé), Gerrit Lundens (Personas jugando a los bolos en el patio de una posada) y Jan Steen (Fiesta en el jardín). PALABRAS CLAVES: beugelen, Países Bajos, siglos XVI y XVII, emblemática, pintura.
Emblemas del papado. La representación del vicio en la propaganda protestante alemana del siglo XVI
Authors: Roso Díaz José 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: Those of the Wittenberg Circle who had undergone reformation continually submitted their criticisms to the Papacy throughout the sixteenth century. They saw in this institution one of the principal evils of the Catholic Churchn which they saw one of the principal males of the Catholic Church. As a result, they identified the Papacy ad nauseam with the Antichrist and with cardinal sins such as lust, gluttony, greed or pride. This article thus analyzes diverse aberrant ways of depicting the Papacy in order to evaluate the importance and meaning of this identification as part of the political-religious polemics and of the phenomenon of the propaganda of the convulsed period of the Protestant Reformation. KEY WORDS: Protestant Propaganda, Papacy, Vice, Pamphlets. RESUMEN: Los reformados del Círculo de Wittenberg criticaron de forma constante a lo largo del siglo XVI al Papado, institución en la que vieron uno de los principales males de la Iglesia Católica. De ahí que la identificaran ad nauseam con el Anticristo y con pecados capitales como la lujuria, la gula, la avaricia o la soberbia. Nos ocupamos precisamente en este trabajo de analizar diversas formas aberrantes de representar al Papado para valorar la importancia y significado de esa identificación dentro de las polémicas político-religiosas y del fenómeno de la propaganda de los tiempos convulsos de la Reforma protestante. PALABRAS CLAVES: Propaganda protestante, papado, vicio, panfletos.