bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Composition of Saturn’s Rings
Authors: Miller Kelly E. , Filacchione Gianrico , Cuzzi Jeffrey N. , Nicholson Philip D. , Hedman Matthew M. , Baillié Kevin , Johnson Robert E. , Tseng Wei-Ling , Estrada Paul R. , Waite Jack Hunter , Ciarniello Mauro , Ferrari Cécile , Zhang Zhimeng , Hendrix Amanda , Moses Julianne I. , Hsu Hsiang-Wen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe origin and evolution of Saturn’s rings is critical to understanding the Saturnian system as a whole. Here, we discuss the physical and chemical composition of the rings, as a foundation for evolutionary models described in subsequent chapters. We review the physical characteristics of the main rings, and summarize current constraints on their chemical composition. Radial trends are observed in temperature and to a limited extent in particle size distribution, with the C ring exhibiting higher temperatures and a larger population of small particles. The C ring also shows evidence for the greatest abundance of silicate material, perhaps indicative of formation from a rocky body. The C ring and Cassini Division have lower optical depths than the A and B rings, which contributes to the higher abundance of the exogenous neutral absorber in these regions. Overall, the main ring composition is strongly dominated by water ice, with minor silicate, UV absorber, and neutral absorber components. Sampling of the innermost D ring during Cassini’s Grand Finale provides a new set of in situ constraints on the ring composition, and we explore ongoing work to understand the linkages between the main rings and the D ring. The D ring material is organic- and silicate-rich and water-poor relative to the main rings, with a large population of small grains. This composition may be explained in part by volatile losses in the D ring, and current constraints suggest some degree of fractionation rather than sampling of the bulk D ring material.
Teachers’ mindset meaning system: achievement goals, beliefs and classroom practices
Authors: Lüftenegger Marko , Muth Joy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMindsets are crucial factors for individuals’ adaptive behavior in educational contexts. In meaning systems, these associations between mindsets and behavior are mediated through motivational aspects. It is generally assumed that students should also benefit if teachers adopt a growth mindset. Even though many studies have investigated mindset processes of students, analyses of teachers’ meaning systems are lacking. This study, therefore, examines relationships between teachers’ mindsets, self-efficacy, achievement goals (mastery, performance-avoidance), and instructional practices (goal structure dimensions of task, autonomy, recognition, grouping, evaluation, time). The sample of the questionnaire study comprises 650 Austrian in-service teachers (69.6% female; mean age 45.1 years; SD = 11.3) with an average of 19 years of teaching experience. Data was analyzed using latent mediation modeling with fixed mindset as a predictor, self-efficacy, mastery goals, performance-avoidance goals as mediators, and six mastery classroom goal structure dimensions as outcomes. The results indicated positive relations between a fixed mindset with performance-avoidance goals and negative relations with self-efficacy and mastery goals. Mastery goals and self-efficacy negatively fully mediated the effects of fixed mindsets on five of six mastery goal structure dimensions. No mediation was found for performance-avoidance goals except for the fixed mindset-autonomy and fixed mindset-grouping links. To conclude, the study’s findings support that a meaning system approach is also valid for teachers and provide insights into the associations between mindset, self-efficacy beliefs, achievement goals, and classroom practices.
An analogous Twisted Little Tale on the significance of unusual infrared frequencies
Authors: Agranat Israel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe autobiographical 2024 Brief Report published in Structural Chemistry by the heterocyclic chemist Professor José Elguero prompted the author to describe his recollections of a similar yet twisted little tale of an incident occurred in 1964 during his Organic Chemistry Ph.D. period at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. The trait d’union between the two tales is the significance of unusual infrared frequencies in the characterization of newly synthesized organic compounds. The absence of an infrared band at the 1800–1900 cm−1 region was a sufficient condition for ruling out a cyclopropanone structure (Elguero’s little tale). The presence of such an infrared band was a necessary condition for the presence of a triafulvene and triapentafulvalene systems (author’s twisted little tale). The related experience in the publication of Communications to the Editor articles in the Journal of the American Chemical Society is also described. A further teaching of the author’s tale is the importance of early learning of ethics and integrity in the scientific publication process.
Use of prompt-based learning for code-mixed and code-switched text classification
Authors: Udawatta Pasindu , Udayangana Indunil , Gamage Chathulanka , Shekhar Ravi , Ranathunga Surangika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCode-mixing and code-switching (CMCS) are prevalent phenomena observed in social media conversations and various other modes of communication. When developing applications such as sentiment analysers and hate-speech detectors that operate on this social media data, CMCS text poses challenges. Recent studies have demonstrated that prompt-based learning of pre-trained language models outperforms full fine-tuning across various tasks. Despite the growing interest in classifying CMCS text, the effectiveness of prompt-based learning for the task remains unexplored. This paper presents an extensive exploration of prompt-based learning for CMCS text classification and the first comprehensive analysis of the impact of the script on classifying CMCS text. Our study reveals that the performance in classifying CMCS text is significantly influenced by the inclusion of multiple scripts and the intensity of code-mixing. In response, we introduce a novel method, Dynamic+AdapterPrompt, which employs distinct models for each script, integrated with adapters. While DynamicPrompt captures the script-specific representation of the text, AdapterPrompt emphasizes capturing the task-oriented functionality. Our experiments on Sinhala-English, Kannada-English, and Hindi-English datasets for sentiment classification, hate-speech detection, and humour detection tasks show that our method outperforms strong fine-tuning baselines and basic prompting strategies.
Technical Overview of Pyro-processing and Policy Considerations
Authors: Im Kwangchae , Lee Manseok , Woo Seung Min 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPyro-processing is an emerging technology crucial to the implementation of a closed nuclear fuel cycle. It is distinguished by its method of extracting and recycling actinides from fission products in spent nuclear fuels, utilizing high-temperature molten salt media. Despite its promise, the technology poses proliferation concerns that underscores the imperative for robust safeguards. While the safeguarding framework for aqueous reprocessing facilities that has been established over decades offers a foundational reference, the unique challenges posed by Pyro-processing necessitate a tailored approach. Amid these concerns, Pyro-processing is heralded as a viable strategy for nuclear waste management, with research increasingly focusing on its selectivity and efficacy within molten salt systems. This paper scrutinizes the proliferation risks inherent in Pyro-processing, delineates the requisite safeguards, and evaluates the feasibility of Pyro-processing, especially within the purview of the 123 Agreements between the United States and South Korea.
Prognostic value of transient ischemic dilatation by 13N-ammonia PET MPI for short-term outcomes in patients with non-obstructive CAD
Authors: jia Yanni , Hu Yingqi , Yang Lihong , Diao Xin , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Yanhui , Wang Ruonan , Cao Jianbo , Li Sijin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
Transient ischaemic dilatation (TID) had incremental diagnostic and prognostic value in obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD), but its clinical significance in patients with non-obstructive CAD remains unknown. We aimed to explore the prognostic value of TID in patients with non-obstructive CAD by 13N-ammonia PET imaging.

Methods
We retrospectively studied 131 consecutive patients with non-obstructive CAD undergoing one-day rest-stress 13N-ammonia PET myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). TID was automatically generated using CardIQ Physio software. The receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the optimal threshold of TID. The follow-up outcome was major adverse cardiac events (MACE), a composite of re-hospitalization for heart failure or unstable angina, late revascularization, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and cardiac death. Cardiac event-free survivals for normal and abnormal TID were compared using Kaplan–Meier plots and log-rank tests.

Results
During a median follow-up of 42.08 ± 17.67 months, 22 (16.7%) patients occurred MACE. The optimal cut-off value of TID was 1.03 based on MACE. Our preliminary outcome analysis suggests that TID-abnormal subjects had a lower overall survival probability. Furthermore, our multivariate analysis reveals abnormal TID was the only independent predictor for MACE in non-obstructive CAD. In the subgroup analysis, an abnormal TID was an independent predictor for MACE in patients with abnormal perfusion patterns.

Conclusion
Among patients with non-obstructive CAD, PET-derived TID ≥ 1.03 may identify those with a high risk of subsequent MACE independently. It was also an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in patients with abnormal perfusion.

Graphical abstract
CAD coronary artery disease, PET positron emission tomography, MPI myocardial perfusion imaging, TID transient ischaemic dilatation, MACE major adverse cardiac events, ROC receiver operative characteristic.
One type of graft for reconstruction of the ACL does not suit all patients based on their characteristics and sports: a scoping review
Authors: Reinerink J. M. , Vendrig T. , Keizer M. N. J. , Hoogeslag R. A. G. , Brouwer R. W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe selection of graft type for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction remains a topic of debate, taking into consideration patient characteristics, as well as the type and level of sports involvement. The aim of this scoping review was to investigate patient characteristics that might influence the selection of graft type for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. PubMed and Scopus were searched to identify articles for inclusion. All included studies focused on one or more patient characteristics involved in the decision-making process regarding anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction autograft, including the hamstrings tendon (HT), patellar tendon (BPTB) and quadriceps tendon (QT). Out of the 1,977 initial studies, 27 studies were included in this review. The BPTB graft seems to be the preferred choice in young patients, females, and athletes—especially those engaged in pivoting sports. The HT graft seems to be the preferred choice in less active and older patients, along with those involved in sports where knee extensors are vital. The HT graft is not preferable in patients with a small body height and graft diameter. Moreover, surgeon preferences were also of importance for graft selection. The success of a specific graft type in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is highly dependent on the patient’s characteristics and type of sport. Patient characteristics such as age, gender, body height, graft diameter, and the patient’s activity level should all be considered when choosing the appropriate graft type.
Cumulative effects of natural and anthropogenic processes on groundwater chemistry of a small karst island—case study of Vis (Croatia)
Authors: Patekar Matko , Briški Maja , Terzić Josip , Nakić Zoran , Borović Staša 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany coastal and island communities depend on groundwater as the only source of freshwater, making it an invaluable resource. In the Mediterranean region, groundwater resources are highly vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic pressures, such as overexploitation, climate change, seasonal variations in precipitation, and seawater intrusion. Hence, an understanding of hydrogeological processes and groundwater chemistry is a basis for the sustainable management of coastal and island groundwater resources. Vis, a small and remote karst island in the Adriatic Sea, exhibits peculiar geological and hydrogeological settings, resulting in the island’s autonomous water supply. The current pumping capacity (maximum of 42 l/s) meets most of the demand, but intensive summer tourism and climate change exert high stress on groundwater resources during the dry season. Consequently, in the last decade, occasional reductions for consumers occurred. Monitoring of in situ physicochemical parameters and groundwater sampling for chemical and isotopic analyses were conducted from 2020 to 2023 at deep borewells, shallow dug wells, and springs. Hydrochemical interpretation indicated that groundwater chemistry was affected primarily by carbonate and sulfate rock dissolution, mixing with seawater, reverse ion exchange, and dedolomitization. The majority of groundwater samples exhibit Ca–HCO3 hydrochemical facies, followed by Na–Cl and mixed facies. The low percentage of seawater in the mixture indicated that seawater intrusion is not too extensive even during prolonged dry periods, implying a favorable hydrostatic regime with relatively small but sufficient groundwater reserves of the island’s aquifers, although the investigated period was characterized by significantly lower precipitation with respect to the 30-year average.
Simplicial models for the epistemic logic of faulty agents
Authors: Goubault Éric , Kniazev Roman , Ledent Jérémy , Rajsbaum Sergio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, several authors have been investigating simplicial models, a model of epistemic logic based on higher dimensional structures called simplicial complexes. In the original formulation of Goubault et al. (Inf Comput 278:104597, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ic.2020.104597), simplicial models are always assumed to be pure, meaning that all worlds have the same dimension. This is equivalent to the standard $$\mathbf {S5_n}$$

S

5
n

semantics of epistemic logic, based on Kripke models. By removing the assumption that models must be pure, we can go beyond the usual Kripke semantics and study epistemic logics where the number of agents participating in a world can vary. This approach has been developed in a number of papers (van Ditmarsch, WoLLIC 2021, pp 31–46, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88853-4_3; Goubault et al. STACS 2022, pp 33:1–33:20, 2022. https://doi.org/10.4230/LIPIcs.STACS.2022.33; Goubault et al. LICS, pp 1–13, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/LICS56636.2023.10175737), with applications in fault-tolerant distributed computing where processes may crash during the execution of a system. A difficulty that arises is that subtle design choices in the definition of impure simplicial models can result in different axioms of the resulting logic. In this paper, we classify those design choices systematically, and axiomatize the corresponding logics. We illustrate them via distributed computing examples of synchronous systems where processes may crash.
A Qualitative Investigation of the Relationships Between Foster Care Stakeholders and Research
Authors: Ruff Saralyn , Linville Deanna , Hawkins Quanice 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearch on foster care from the perspective of key stakeholders with lived and professional experience is necessary to inform programs, policy and practice. Numerous barriers exist to accessing these populations and ensuring inclusion and representation in research. This study interviewed twenty-two stakeholders with lived and/or professional experience in foster care to gain their recommendations on how to understand and conduct research on foster care and specifically and how to (a) increase stakeholders’ participation in research and (b) capture a broader representation of those impacted. Findings offer observations of who does and does not participate in research and how this may affect public perception, as well as direct recommendations for future research.
Trends and Outcomes of US Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis Hospitalizations in Hispanic Americans: Epidemiology from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Reiche William S. , Walters Ryan W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective
Hypertriglyceridemia-induced acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) hospitalizations are increasing in the USA; however, the impact of race and ethnicity on key outcomes in Hispanic and non-Hispanic white HTG-AP hospitalizations has not been studied.

Methods
We queried the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) between 2016 and 2020 identifying all patients with discharge diagnosis AP. HTG-AP hospitalizations were identified for Hispanic and non-Hispanic white patients. Primary outcomes included yearly rate of HTG-AP and in-hospital mortality from HTG-AP. Secondary outcomes were length of stay (LOS) and inflation-adjusted hospital costs.

Results
HTG-AP hospitalizations accounted for 5.9% of all AP hospitalizations; 17,440 and 48,235 hospitalizations included a Hispanic and non-Hispanic white patient, respectively. The yearly rate of HTG-AP hospitalizations per 100,000 adult population was statistically higher for Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites. The HTG-AP hospitalization rate increased for both Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites (both ptrend < 0.001); however, the trends were not statistically different. The number of observed in-hospital deaths for Hispanics was too low to report, precluding subsequent analysis. Hispanics were younger, more likely to be female, more commonly Medicaid recipients, and from zip codes with lower income quartiles. Despite clinically similar rates of plasmapheresis use and LOS, adjusted hospital costs were 18.9% higher for Hispanics compared to non-Hispanic whites (95% CI, 15.4 to 22.6% higher, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
HTG-AP incidence is increasing in the USA in Hispanic and non-Hispanic whites. Despite clinically similar outcomes, HTG-AP hospitalizations in Hispanic patients were associated with $26,805,280 in excess costs compared to non-Hispanic white hospitalizations.
Evolutionary Cognitive Enhancement: Stimulating Whole-Body Problem-Solving Capacities
Authors: Malaei Fereidoun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article argues that understanding the primary functions of cognitive processes in our evolutionary past can help to develop effective cognitive enhancement methods. The adaptive problems our ancestors faced forged interconnected cognitive and motor mechanisms supporting various movement-based problem-solving processes. However, the physical and social challenges these cognitive-motor capacities originally evolved to address are no longer prevalent in modern societies. Consequently, many adaptive problem-solving mechanisms linked to a wide range of body movements are often underused and insufficiently developed in modern contexts, contributing to age-related cognitive decline. From this view, and considering current cognitive enhancement techniques such as cognitive training, neurostimulation, physical exercise, and combined cognitive and physical training, the present article introduces an evolutionary-inspired cognitive enhancement framework. This framework advocates for developing strategies and training methods that stimulate our evolved cognitive-motor adaptations. In particular, therapeutic interventions should incorporate adaptive problems and whole-body movement solutions into modern technologies and computer-based tasks.
The Double-Edged Sword of Short-Time Work: Job Insecurity, Financial Stress, and Leisure Experience during COVID-19
Authors: Zabel Sarah , Loths Laura , Lutz Franziska , Spannbauer Claudia , Otto Siegmar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor many employees, the COVID-19 pandemic-related policies triggered concerns about job security. At the same time, companies in many countries made greater use of state-financed short-time work (i.e., where employees could keep their jobs, work less or not at all, and still receive a substantial surrogate wage). Even though such a measure certainly helps mitigate negative financial effects, employees in short-time work can be expected to experience job insecurity and financial stress. It can also be assumed that the additional free time is not experienced positively in times of lockdowns and social distancing. Therefore, the effects of short-time work during the early days of the COVID-19 pandemic in June 2020 on employees’ perceived job insecurity, financial stress, and their leisure experience were examined in Germany. The results of a cross-sectional online study (N = 343) showed that short-time workers experienced greater job insecurity and financial stress as compared to full-time workers. Furthermore, the perception of job insecurity and financial stress among short-time workers was negatively related to satisfaction with their leisure time (i.e., leisure experience).
Plant performance and soil–plant carbon relationship response to different biochar types
Authors: Liao Jia Xin , So Pui San , Bordoloi Sanandam , Li De Nian , Yuan Hao Ran , Chen Yong , Xin Li Qing 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiochar (BC) applications in soil has positive effects on plant performance, particularly for loose soil in agricultural context. However, how biochar types affect plant performance of non-crop species and soil–plant carbon relationships is not clear. We selected five different BC types and three plant species to investigate the responses of plant performance and the soil–plant carbon relationship to BC effects. The result demonstrated that peanut shell BC led to the death of both R. tomentosa and C. edithiae, due to a reduction in nutrient uptake caused by higher soil electricity conductivity (2001.7 and 976.3 µS cm−1). However, the carbon content of S. arboricola increased by 57% in peanut shell BC-amended soil, suggesting that S. arboricola has a higher tolerance for soil salinity. Wood BC-amended soil led to better stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf area index (LAI) of both R. tomentosa and C. edithiae due to the higher water retention in the soil (22.68% and 20.79%). This illustrated that a higher amount of water retention brought by wood BC with a great amount of pore volume might be the limited factor for plant growth. The relationship between gs and LAI suggested that gs would not increase when LAI reached beyond 3. Moreover, wood and peanut shell BC caused a negative relationship between soil organic carbon and plant carbon content, suggesting that plants consume more carbon from the soil to store it in the plant. Overall, wood BC is recommended for plant growth of R. tomentosa and C. edithiae, and peanut shell BC is suggested for S. arboricola carbon storage.
Graphical Abstract