bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic disparities in the diet of French children and adolescents: a multidimensional issue
Authors: Drouillet-Pinard Peggy , Dubuisson Carine , Bordes Isabelle , Margaritis Irène , Lioret Sandrine , Volatier Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe present research aimed to study the multidimensionality of the link between dietary intake and socio-economic position (SEP) in a representative sample of French children and adolescents, using a variety of SEP indicators.DesignData from the second French national food consumption survey (INCA2) were used. Information on food consumption was collected using a 7d food record and SEP data (occupation, education, income, household wealth indices) using questionnaires. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed separately in children and adolescents to assess the relationships between dietary components (food groups and macronutrients) and each dimension of SEP.SettingThe INCA2 survey, France.SubjectsA representative sample of French children (3–10 years of age; n 574) and adolescents (11–17 years of age; n 881).ResultsCompared with children from a higher SEP, those from a lower SEP had lower intakes of fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and confectionery and higher intakes of starchy foods, meat, milk, sugar-sweetened beverages and pizzas/sandwiches. Similar results were observed in adolescents for fruit and vegetables, yoghurts and sugar-sweetened beverages. Adolescents also had lower intakes of cakes/pastries and higher intakes of processed meat and dairy desserts. Neither energy nor protein intake was associated with SEP. Adolescents from a lower SEP had higher carbohydrate and lower lipid intakes. Overall, these findings were consistent across the various dimensions of SEP, but the gradient was steeper depending on the caregiver’s educational level.ConclusionsThis research highlights the need for specific messages to help poorly educated families adopt good eating habits.
17q21 asthma-risk variants switch CTCF binding and regulate IL-2 production by T cells
Authors: Schmiedel Benjamin Joachim , Seumois Grégory , Samaniego-Castruita Daniela , Cayford Justin , Schulten Veronique , Chavez Lukas , Ay Ferhat , Sette Alessandro , Peters Bjoern , Vijayanand Pandurangan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAsthma and autoimmune disease susceptibility has been strongly linked to genetic variants in the 17q21 haploblock that alter the expression of ORMDL3; however, the molecular mechanisms by which these variants perturb gene expression and the cell types in which this effect is most prominent are unclear. We found several 17q21 variants overlapped enhancers present mainly in primary immune cell types. CD4+ T cells showed the greatest increase (threefold) in ORMDL3 expression in individuals carrying the asthma-risk alleles, where ORMDL3 negatively regulated interleukin-2 production. The asthma-risk variants rs4065275 and rs12936231 switched CTCF-binding sites in the 17q21 locus, and 4C-Seq assays showed that several distal cis-regulatory elements upstream of the disrupted ZPBP2 CTCF-binding site interacted with the ORMDL3 promoter region in CD4+ T cells exclusively from subjects carrying asthma-risk alleles. Overall, our results suggested that T cells are one of the most prominent cell types affected by 17q21 variants.
Direct observation of ultrafast many-body electron dynamics in an ultracold Rydberg gas
Authors: Takei Nobuyuki , Sommer Christian , Genes Claudiu , Pupillo Guido , Goto Haruka , Koyasu Kuniaki , Chiba Hisashi , Weidemüller Matthias , Ohmori Kenji 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMany-body correlations govern a variety of important quantum phenomena such as the emergence of superconductivity and magnetism. Understanding quantum many-body systems is thus one of the central goals of modern sciences. Here we demonstrate an experimental approach towards this goal by utilizing an ultracold Rydberg gas generated with a broadband picosecond laser pulse. We follow the ultrafast evolution of its electronic coherence by time-domain Ramsey interferometry with attosecond precision. The observed electronic coherence shows an ultrafast oscillation with a period of 1 femtosecond, whose phase shift on the attosecond timescale is consistent with many-body correlations among Rydberg atoms beyond mean-field approximations. This coherent and ultrafast many-body dynamics is actively controlled by tuning the orbital size and population of the Rydberg state, as well as the mean atomic distance. Our approach will offer a versatile platform to observe and manipulate non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum many-body systems on the ultrafast timescale.
Carbon nanotube dry adhesives with temperature-enhanced adhesion over a large temperature range
Authors: Xu Ming , Du Feng , Ganguli Sabyasachi , Roy Ajit , Dai Liming 
Published: November 2016

AbstractConventional adhesives show a decrease in the adhesion force with increasing temperature due to thermally induced viscoelastic thinning and/or structural decomposition. Here, we report the counter-intuitive behaviour of carbon nanotube (CNT) dry adhesives that show a temperature-enhanced adhesion strength by over six-fold up to 143 N cm−2(4 mm × 4 mm), among the strongest pure CNT dry adhesives, over a temperature range from −196 to 1,000 °C. This unusual adhesion behaviour leads to temperature-enhanced electrical and thermal transports, enabling the CNT dry adhesive for efficient electrical and thermal management when being used as a conductive double-sided sticky tape. With its intrinsic thermal stability, our CNT adhesive sustains many temperature transition cycles over a wide operation temperature range. We discover that a ‘nano-interlock’ adhesion mechanism is responsible for the adhesion behaviour, which could be applied to the development of various dry CNT adhesives with novel features.
Wafer-sized multifunctional polyimine-based two-dimensional conjugated polymers with high mechanical stiffness
Authors: Sahabudeen Hafeesudeen , Qi Haoyuan , Glatz Bernhard Alexander , Tranca Diana , Dong Renhao , Hou Yang , Zhang Tao , Kuttner Christian , Lehnert Tibor , Seifert Gotthard , Kaiser Ute , Fery Andreas , Zheng Zhikun , Feng Xinliang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOne of the key challenges in two-dimensional (2D) materials is to go beyond graphene, a prototype 2D polymer (2DP), and to synthesize its organic analogues with structural control at the atomic- or molecular-level. Here we show the successful preparation of porphyrin-containing monolayer and multilayer 2DPs through Schiff-base polycondensation reaction at an air–water and liquid–liquid interface, respectively. Both the monolayer and multilayer 2DPs have crystalline structures as indicated by selected area electron diffraction. The monolayer 2DP has a thickness of∼0.7 nm with a lateral size of 4-inch wafer, and it has a Young’s modulus of 267±30 GPa. Notably, the monolayer 2DP functions as an active semiconducting layer in a thin film transistor, while the multilayer 2DP from cobalt-porphyrin monomer efficiently catalyses hydrogen generation from water. This work presents an advance in the synthesis of novel 2D materials for electronics and energy-related applications.
Jahn-Teller-induced femtosecond electronic depolarization dynamics of the nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond
Authors: Ulbricht Ronald , Dong Shuo , Chang I-Ya , Mariserla Bala Murali Krishna , Dani Keshav M. , Hyeon-Deuk Kim , Loh Zhi-Heng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSingle-photon emission from the nitrogen-vacancy defect in diamond constitutes one of its many proposed applications. Owing to its doubly degenerate 3E electronic excited state, photons from this defect can be emitted by two optical transitions with perpendicular polarization. Previous measurements have indicated that orbital-selective photoexcitation does not, however, yield photoluminescence with well-defined polarizations, thus hinting at orbital-averaging dynamics even at cryogenic temperatures. Here we employ femtosecond polarization anisotropy spectroscopy to investigate the ultrafast electronic dynamics of the 3E state. We observe subpicosecond electronic dephasing dynamics even at cryogenic temperatures, up to five orders of magnitude faster than dephasing rates suggested by previous frequency- and time-domain measurements. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations assign the ultrafast depolarization dynamics to nonadiabatic transitions and phonon-induced electronic dephasing between the two components of the 3E state. Our results provide an explanation for the ultrafast orbital averaging that exists even at cryogenic temperatures.
Reconstructing Druze population history
Authors: Marshall Scarlett , Das Ranajit , Pirooznia Mehdi , Elhaik Eran 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Druze are an aggregate of communities in the Levant and Near East living almost exclusively in the mountains of Syria, Lebanon and Israel whose ~1000 year old religion formally opposes mixed marriages and conversions. Despite increasing interest in genetics of the population structure of the Druze, their population history remains unknown. We investigated the genetic relationships between Israeli Druze and both modern and ancient populations. We evaluated our findings in light of three hypotheses purporting to explain Druze history that posit Arabian, Persian or mixed Near Eastern-Levantine roots. The biogeographical analysis localised proto-Druze to the mountainous regions of southeastern Turkey, northern Iraq and southeast Syria and their descendants clustered along a trajectory between these two regions. The mixed Near Eastern–Middle Eastern localisation of the Druze, shown using both modern and ancient DNA data, is distinct from that of neighbouring Syrians, Palestinians and most of the Lebanese, who exhibit a high affinity to the Levant. Druze biogeographic affinity, migration patterns, time of emergence and genetic similarity to Near Eastern populations are highly suggestive of Armenian-Turkish ancestries for the proto-Druze.
Tea-induced calmness: Sugar-sweetened tea calms consumers exposed to acute stressor
Authors: Samant Shilpa. S. , Wilkes Katherine , Odek Zephania , Seo Han-Seok 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe food and beverage industry has been increasingly replacing sugar with non-nutritive sweeteners in their sweetened products to control or reduce total calories. Research comparing the effect of nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners on emotional state of participants exposed to acute stressors is still limited. This study aimed to determine the effect of drinking tea sweetened with either a nutritive sweetener (sugar) or a non-nutritive sweetener (sucralose or stevia) on emotional state, in terms of calmness and pleasantness, of participants exposed to an acute stressor. Effects of acute stress on sweetness intensity and overall liking of tea beverages were also determined. Results showed that the possibility of tea-induced calmness, calculated as the difference between calmness ratings after and before drinking a tea sample, was established on stress session in the sugar-sweetened tea. Overall liking, but not the sweetness intensity, of the sugar-sweetened tea was affected by acute stress. In conclusion, this study provides empirical evidence that the consumption of tea sweetened with nutritive sweetener, but not with non-nutritive sweetener, has calming effect on consumers with acute stress, suggesting that this effect may not be due to the sweet taste of sugar, but due to the caloric nature of the sweetener.
Cell senescence is an antiviral defense mechanism
Authors: Baz-Martínez Maite , Da Silva-Álvarez Sabela , Rodríguez Estefanía , Guerra Jorge , El Motiam Ahmed , Vidal Anxo , García-Caballero Tomás , González-Barcia Miguel , Sánchez Laura , Muñoz-Fontela César , Collado Manuel , Rivas Carmen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCellular senescence is often considered a protection mechanism triggered by conditions that impose cellular stress. Continuous proliferation, DNA damaging agents or activated oncogenes are well-known activators of cell senescence. Apart from a characteristic stable cell cycle arrest, this response also involves a proinflammatory phenotype known as senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). This, together with the widely known interference with senescence pathways by some oncoviruses, had led to the hypothesis that senescence may also be part of the host cell response to fight virus. Here, we evaluate this hypothesis using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) as a model. Our results show that VSV replication is significantly impaired in both primary and tumor senescent cells in comparison with non-senescent cells, and independently of the stimulus used to trigger senescence. Importantly, we also demonstrate a protective effect of senescence against VSV in vivo. Finally, our results identify the SASP as the major contributor to the antiviral defense exerted by cell senescence in vitro, and points to a role activating and recruiting the immune system to clear out the infection. Thus, our study indicates that cell senescence has also a role as a natural antiviral defense mechanism.
Modulation of NMDA channel gating by Ca2+ and Cd2+ binding to the external pore mouth
Authors: Tu Ya-Chi , Yang Ya-Chin , Kuo Chung-Chin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNMDA receptor channels are characterized by high Ca2+permeability. It remains unclear whether extracellular Ca2+could directly modulate channel gating and control Ca2+influxes. We demonstrate a pore-blocking site external to the activation gate for extracellular Ca2+and Cd2+, which has the same charge and radius as Ca2+but is impermeable to the channel. The apparent affinity of Cd2+or Ca2+is higher toward the activated (a steady-state mixture of the open and desensitized, probably chiefly the latter) than the closed states. The blocking effect of Cd2+is well correlated with the number of charges in the DRPEER motif at the external pore mouth, with coupling coefficients close to 1 in double mutant cycle analyses. The effect of Ca2+and especially Cd2+could be allosterically affected by T647A mutation located just inside the activation gate. A prominent “hook” also develops after wash-off of Cd2+or Ca2+, suggesting faster unbinding rates of Cd2+and Ca2+with the mutation. We conclude that extracellular Ca2+or Cd2+directly binds to the DRPEER motif to modify NMDA channel activation (opening as well as desensitization), which seems to involve essential regional conformational changes centered at the bundle crossing point A652 (GluN1)/A651(GluN2).
Population exposure to hazardous air quality due to the 2015 fires in Equatorial Asia
Authors: Crippa P. , Castruccio S. , Archer-Nicholls S. , Lebron G. B. , Kuwata M. , Thota A. , Sumin S. , Butt E. , Wiedinmyer C. , Spracklen D. V. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractVegetation and peatland fires cause poor air quality and thousands of premature deaths across densely populated regions in Equatorial Asia. Strong El-Niño and positive Indian Ocean Dipole conditions are associated with an increase in the frequency and intensity of wildfires in Indonesia and Borneo, enhancing population exposure to hazardous concentrations of smoke and air pollutants. Here we investigate the impact on air quality and population exposure of wildfires in Equatorial Asia during Fall 2015, which were the largest over the past two decades. We performed high-resolution simulations using the Weather Research and Forecasting model with Chemistry based on a new fire emission product. The model captures the spatio-temporal variability of extreme pollution episodes relative to space- and ground-based observations and allows for identification of pollution sources and transport over Equatorial Asia. We calculate that high particulate matter concentrations from fires during Fall 2015 were responsible for persistent exposure of 69 million people to unhealthy air quality conditions. Short-term exposure to this pollution may have caused 11,880 (6,153–17,270) excess mortalities. Results from this research provide decision-relevant information to policy makers regarding the impact of land use changes and human driven deforestation on fire frequency and population exposure to degraded air quality.
Optic phonons and anisotropic thermal conductivity in hexagonal Ge2Sb2Te5
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Saikat , Lindsay Lucas , Singh David J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe lattice thermal conductivity (κ) of hexagonal Ge2Sb2Te5 (h-GST) is studied via direct first-principles calculations. We find significant intrinsic anisotropy (κa/κc~2) of κ in bulk h-GST, with the dominant contribution to κ from optic phonons, ~75%. This is extremely unusual as the acoustic phonon modes are the majority heat carriers in typical semiconductors and insulators. The anisotropy derives from varying bonding along different crystal directions, specifically from weak interlayer bonding along the c-axis, which gives anisotropic phonon dispersions. The phonon spectrum of h-GST has very dispersive optic branches with higher group velocities along the a-axis as compared to flat optic bands along the c-axis. The large optic mode contributions to the thermal conductivity in low-κ h-GST is unusual, and development of fundamental physical understanding of these contributions may be critical to better understanding of thermal conduction in other complex layered materials.
Inkjet printing of TiO2/AlOOH heterostructures for the formation of interference color images with high optical visibility
Authors: Yakovlev Aleksandr V. , Milichko Valentin A. , Pidko Evgeny A. , Vinogradov Vladimir V. , Vinogradov Alexandr V. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper describes a practical approach for the fabrication of highly visible interference color images using sol-gel ink technique and a common desktop inkjet printer. We show the potential of titania-boehmite inks for the production of optical heterostructures on various surfaces, which after drying on air produce optical solid layers with low and high refractive index. The optical properties of the surface heterostructures were adjusted following the principles of antireflection coating resulting in the enhancement of the interference color optical visibility of the prints by as much as 32%. Finally, the presented technique was optimized following the insights into the mechanisms of the drop-surface interactions and the drop-on-surface coalescence to make it suitable for the production of even thickness coatings suitable for printing at a large scale. We propose that the technology described herein is a promising new green and sustainable approach for color printing.
Prevalence of normal weight central obesity among Thai healthcare providers and their association with CVD risk: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Thaikruea Lakkana , Thammasarot Jiraporn 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study aims to determine the prevalence of health personnel with normal weight central obesity and to investigate whether this group had higher cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors than those of the people with normal weight and without central obesity. A waist-to-height ratio was calculated as waist circumference (at umbilical level) in cm divided by height in cm. The central obesity cut-off level was 0.5. The body mass index was calculated as weight in kg divided by height in meters squared. The obesity cut-off level was 25 kg/m2. The prevalence of health personnel with normal weight central obesity was 15.4% (499 out of 3235). When compare this group to 1787 health personnel who had normal weight and without central obesity, they were 2.03 times (95% CI of adjusted OR; 1.62 to 2.54) more likely to have at least one CVD factor. The waist-to-height ratio cut-off value of 0.5 can be used as a self-assessment tool for central obesity without the need for a standard measuring tape. It is feasible to be implemented in screening or self-monitoring for the general population.
The Impact of Heterogeneity and Awareness in Modeling Epidemic Spreading on Multiplex Networks
Authors: Scatà Marialisa , Di Stefano Alessandro , Liò Pietro , La Corte Aurelio 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn the real world, dynamic processes involving human beings are not disjoint. To capture the real complexity of such dynamics, we propose a novel model of the coevolution of epidemic and awareness spreading processes on a multiplex network, also introducing a preventive isolation strategy. Our aim is to evaluate and quantify the joint impact of heterogeneity and awareness, under different socioeconomic conditions. Considering, as case study, an emerging public health threat, Zika virus, we introduce a data-driven analysis by exploiting multiple sources and different types of data, ranging from Big Five personality traits to Google Trends, related to different world countries where there is an ongoing epidemic outbreak. Our findings demonstrate how the proposed model allows delaying the epidemic outbreak and increasing the resilience of nodes, especially under critical economic conditions. Simulation results, using data-driven approach on Zika virus, which has a growing scientific research interest, are coherent with the proposed analytic model.
The caste- and sex-specific DNA methylome of the termite Zootermopsis nevadensis
Authors: Glastad Karl M. , Gokhale Kaustubh , Liebig Jürgen , Goodisman Michael A. D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEpigenetic inheritance plays an important role in mediating alternative phenotype in highly social species. In order to gain a greater understanding of epigenetic effects in societies, we investigated DNA methylation in the termiteZootermopsis nevadensis. Termites are the most ancient social insects, and developmentally distinct from highly-studied, hymenopteran social insects. We used replicated bisulfite-sequencing to investigate patterns of DNA methylation in both sexes and among castes ofZ. nevadensis.We discovered thatZ. nevadensisdisplayed some of the highest levels of DNA methylation found in insects. We also found strong differences in methylation between castes. Methylated genes tended to be uniformly and highly expressed demonstrating the antiquity of associations between intragenic methylation and gene expression. Differentially methylated genes were more likely to be alternatively spliced than not differentially methylated genes, and possessed considerable enrichment for development-associated functions. We further observed strong overrepresentation of multiple transcription factor binding sites and miRNA profiles associated with differential methylation, providing new insights into the possible function of DNA methylation. Overall, our results show that DNA methylation is widespread and associated with caste differences in termites. More generally, this study provides insights into the function of DNA methylation and the success of insect societies.