bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The United Fruit Company's tourist business and the creation of the “Golden Caribbean”, 1899-1940
Authors: Martin James W. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the tourist business and marketing strategies of a US agribusiness giant, the United Fruit Company (UFCO), between its incorporation in 1899 and 1940. It considers how tourist marketing served the company’s public-relations interest and tourism’s broader connection to narratives of US ascendancy in the Caribbean Basin.

Design/methodology/approach
This study is based on original research in a series of published company materials, including annual reports and a wide variety of marketing materials, as well as a variety of rare primary sources documenting the experiences of US tourists on UFCO cruises.

Findings
From its incorporation in 1899, the UFCO developed a Caribbean cruise business as a vital part of its strategies of vertical integration and expansion around the region. Marketing tropical travel at a time when tropical disease dominated US perceptions of such places required a thorough conceptual makeover, and UFCO publicity played an important part in this process. The company advertised Caribbean destinations first for their therapeutic possibilities, but by the 1920s, a framework of anachronistic space and picturesque primitivism predominated in marketing campaigns. The structure of this narrative naturalized the company’s, and more broadly, US, hegemony in the region. While on cruises, tourists became witnesses to and participants in a series of spectacles and activities highlighting the company’s technological prowess and benevolence.

Originality/value
This analysis centers on a largely overlooked dimension of the famed banana company’s enterprise. It is grounded in a wide collection of primary sources largely untapped by researchers, a source base that brings tourist perception and experience into the story of this company’s marketing efforts. This research brings tourism and leisure into the historical discussion of US power in early-twentieth-century Latin America.
Emigration and imperial business: the New Zealand Company brand 1839-1841
Authors: Thomas Patricia Ann 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis paper aims to offer an example of a comprehensive mid-nineteenth century branding strategy in practice.Design/methodology/approachThe paper follows a historical research methodology using archival resources and secondary sources within a conceptual framework of present-day branding theory (Bastos and Levy) and communication theory (Perloff). It interrogates visual and material data to construct a production-led examination of the development of a company brand.FindingsThe examination of the material suggests, first, that the company developed a sophisticated, multi-dimensional, multi-functional and materially coherent branding system. Second, it demonstrates that such a system represents an early example of a strategic practice that many scholars have considered to have arisen only in the late nineteenth/early twentieth centuries. Third, it provides evidence that the origin, if not always the implementation, of the strategy lay with one man, Edward Gibbon Wakefield.Originality/valueThis paper is novel in its use of visual and material culture artifacts to demonstrate the intentions of those who produced them. It also offers an example of practice in an area that is often only explored in theory. It will be of interest to cultural, marketing, visual and material culture historians.
Maternal tobacco use and extremely premature birth – a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Dahlin S , Gunnerbeck A , Wikström A‐K , Cnattingius S , Edstedt Bonamy A‐K 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo study the associations of maternal tobacco use (smoking or use of snuff) and risk of extremely preterm birth, and if tobacco cessation before antenatal booking influences this risk. To study the association between tobacco use and spontaneous or medically indicated onset of delivery.DesignPopulation‐based cohort study.SettingSweden.PopulationAll live singleton births, registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Register, 1999–2012.MethodsOdds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using multiple logistic regression analysis.Main outcome measuresExtremely preterm birth (<28 weeks of gestation), very preterm birth (28–31 weeks), moderately preterm birth (32–36 weeks).ResultsMaternal snuff use (OR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.14–2.21) and smoking (OR 1.61; 95% CI: 1.39–1.87 and OR 1.91; 95% CI: 1.53–2.39 for moderate and heavy smoking, respectively) were associated with an increased risk of extremely preterm birth. When cessation of tobacco use was obtained there was no increased risk of preterm birth. Snuff use was associated with a twofold risk increase of medically indicated extremely preterm birth, whereas smoking was associated with increased risks of both medically indicated and spontaneous extremely preterm birth.ConclusionsSnuff use and smoking in pregnancy were associated with increased risks of extremely preterm birth. Women who stopped using tobacco before the antenatal booking had no increased risk. These findings indicate that nicotine, the common substance in cigarettes and snuff, is involved in the mechanisms behind preterm birth. The use of nicotine should be minimized in pregnancy.Tweetable abstractTobacco use increases risk of extremely preterm birth. Cessation is preventive. Avoid nicotine in pregnancy.
Effects of naltrexone on alcohol self‐administration and craving: meta‐analysis of human laboratory studies
Authors: Hendershot Christian S. , Wardell Jeffrey D. , Samokhvalov Andriy V. , Rehm Jürgen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRandomized clinical trials have established the efficacy of naltrexone for reducing quantity of alcohol consumption and incidence of relapse to heavy drinking. To evaluate putative treatment mechanisms, human laboratory studies have examined naltrexone's effects on alcohol responses and self‐administration during short‐term medication protocols. Results from these studies are inconsistent and have yet to be examined in aggregate. This meta‐analysis aimed to quantify naltrexone's effects on alcohol self‐administration and craving in the context of placebo‐controlled human laboratory trials. Potential moderators of medication effects were also examined. Meta‐analyses of alcohol self‐administration (k = 9, N = 490) and craving (k = 16, N = 748) confirmed that, under controlled experimental conditions, naltrexone reduces the quantity of consumption (Hedges' g = −.277, SE = .074, 95 percent CI = −.421, −.133, p < .001) and magnitude of self‐reported craving (g = −.286, SE = .066, 95 percent CI = −.416, −.156, p < .001) relative to placebo. Subgroup and moderation analyses found no evidence that effect sizes differed by study population (dependent versus non‐dependent drinkers), laboratory paradigm or duration of medication exposure. These results substantiate prior evidence for reductions in event‐level craving and consumption as potential treatment mediators, also establishing effect sizes to inform future human laboratory trials. From a clinical perspective, these results may provide additional evidence regarding naltrexone's efficacy in the context of acute or subacute dosing regimens.
Fifteen years of Belgian experience with external quality assessment of semen analysis
Authors: Punjabi U. , Wyns C. , Mahmoud A. , Vernelen K. , China B. , Verheyen G. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySemen analysis is difficult to standardize, quality control and quality assurance are necessary to ensure that results are accurate and precise. This Belgian EQA survey over a 15‐year period, involving 121 laboratories, attempted to reduce interlaboratory variability and at the same time, encouraged participating laboratories to implement correct techniques as advised by the WHO. Over the total period, the median coefficient of variation (CV) for sperm count, irrespective of the method used was 19.2%, while using improved Neubauer chamber resulted in a significantly (p < 0.001) lower median CV (14.4%). The overall median CV for rapid progressive motility was high (37.1%), but progressive motility (15.1%) and total motility (13.8%) were acceptable. Sperm morphology revealed a large variability in 79.4% irrespective of the staining procedures or evaluation criteria used. Participation in the Belgian EQA is on voluntary basis. Both, participation and implementation of the correct techniques should be made mandatory for accreditation and benefit of patient treatment. The existing Belgian EQA program should now be harmonized with other existing EQA schemes in Europe.
Positioning newborns on their back or right side for umbilical venous catheter insertion
Authors: Kieran Emily A. , Laffan Eoghan E. , O'Donnell Colm P.F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimNewborns are placed supine for umbilical venous catheter insertion, and catheter tip position is confirmed with X‐ray. Umbilical venous catheters are considered correctly positioned when the tip is in the inferior vena cava; however, frequently, the catheter tip enters the portal venous circulation. We wished to determine whether placing infants on their right side, rather than on the back, for umbilical venous catheter insertion results in more correctly placed catheters.MethodsNewborns were randomised to be placed on their back, or turned onto their right side for catheter insertion. Primary outcome was correct catheter tip position on X‐ray (visible in the midline at diaphragm level).ResultsUmbilical venous catheter insertion was successful in all infants enrolled. There was no difference in the proportion of correctly positioned catheters between the groups [back 23/44 (52%) versus right side 27/44 (61%), p = 0.389]. More infants randomised to back had the catheter tip in the portal circulation [back 13/44 (30%) versus right side 5/44 (11%), p = 0.034].ConclusionPositioning newborn infants on their right side did not result in more correctly placed umbilical venous catheters. The procedure was well tolerated and reduced the rate of tip insertion into the portal venous circulation.
Frequency of occurrence of specific reading disorder and associated psychiatric comorbidity in a sample of Egyptian primary school students
Authors: El Sheikh Mona M. , El Missiry Marwa A. , Hatata Hisham A. , Sabry Walaa M. , El Fiky Abdul Aala A. , Essawi Heba I. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundSpecific reading disorder (dyslexia) is common in primary school students. Data on prevalence rates in Egypt are needed along with better screening tools to guide future research. We aimed to estimate the frequency of dyslexia in a sample of fourth and fifth graders.MethodA cross‐sectional study was conducted in Eastern Cairo through multistage random selection of students from three governmental primary schools. A total of 586 students were recruited. Only 567 students fulfilled the inclusion criteria; they were subjected to screening by Goodenough Draw‐a‐Man test for intellectual quotient (IQ), the Reading Disability Test of Nasra Gilgil (RDT) to identify dyslexic children, Wechsler Children Intelligence Scale for thorough detection of IQ, and the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K‐SADS‐PL) to detect psychiatric comorbidity.ResultsThe frequency of occurrence of specific reading disorder (dyslexia) was 11.3% among the studied sample of Egyptian primary school students. The gender ratio was nearly 1.3:1 boys to girls. Comorbidity with other psychiatric disorders was found in 57.8% of the sample. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was present in 33%, generalized anxiety disorder in 21.6%, and major depressive disorder in 16.2% of patients.ConclusionDyslexia was prevalent in fourth and fifth graders. A meaningful presence of ADHD, anxiety, and depressed mood was detected in students. There is a need for better screening and awareness for early intervention and service provision. The cross‐sectional design, lack of collateral information, and records precluded inference of casualty. The lack of rural comparator and samples from other governorates limit generalization of results.
Acute cellular rejection and HLA mismatch in heart transplantation: insights from a developing country
Authors: Schtruk Lígia Beatriz Chaves Espinoso , Guimarães Tereza Cristina Fellipe , Pôrto Luis Cristóvão , Kuschnir Maria Cristina Caetano , Colafranceschi Alexandre Siciliano , Filho Paulo Moreira da Silva , De Lorenzo Andrea 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe notable evolution of heart transplant (HTX) has paralleled the capacity of diagnosing rejection and, consequently, initiating timely treatment. Acute cellular rejection, diagnosed by endomyocardial biopsy, is the most frequent in the first 6 months after HTX. HLA matching is not routinely performed in HTX due to the absence of consensus regarding its usefulness. However, the use of HLA typing might be underscored if it could predict an increased risk of rejection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate, at a public cardiology center in Brazil, the association between HLA mismatches and the incidence of acute cellular rejection in the first 6 months after HTX. Data were obtained from hospital records and from the National Transplant System. Overall, there was no association between the number of HLA mismatches and the frequency of acute cellular rejection, but there was a tendency toward a higher incidence of rejection with HLA‐DR incompatibility.
Hepatic abscess: a rare complication after liver transplant
Authors: Kornasiewicz Oskar , Hołówko Wacław , Grąt Michał , Gorski Zuzanna , Dudek Krzysztof , Raszeja‐Wyszomirska Joanna , Krawczyk Marek 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study was conducted to evaluate the predisposing factors, microbiology, treatment, and outcomes associated with hepatic abscess, a rare but serious complication which may accur after an orthotopic liver transplant (OLT).MethodsThis was a retrospective study based on a prospectively maintained database of 1100 patients who underwent OLT at the Medical University of Warsaw. An abscess was defined on imaging as solitary or multiple localized parenchymal collections in patients with clinical signs of infection, with or without positive cultures from blood or abscess aspirate.ResultsFifteen patients (1.4%) developed hepatic abscess, including 12 (80%) with multiple abscesses. Predisposing factors included biliary pathology (eight patients), hepaticojejunostomy (six patients), and hepatic artery stenosis or thrombosis (five patients). Ten patients were treated using multiple percutaneous and endoscopic interventional procedures in addition to antimicrobial treatment whereas five were treated solely with antibiotics. Five patients (33.3%) died due to multi‐organ failure secondary to abscess treatment, including one unsuccessful case of re‐OLT. Thirteen patients (87%) had bacterial growth and five (33.3%) had fungal growth in their blood or abscess aspirates.ConclusionsHepatic abscess after liver transplantation may be treated successfully with percutaneous and endoscopic intervention, along with antibiotics according to the results of microbial cultures of blood and/or abscess aspirates.
Ocean acidification influences hostDNAmethylation and phenotypic plasticity in environmentally susceptible corals
Authors: Putnam Hollie M. , Davidson Jennifer M. , Gates Ruth D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs climate change challenges organismal fitness by creating a phenotype–environment mismatch, phenotypic plasticity generated by epigenetic mechanisms (e.g.,DNAmethylation) can provide a temporal buffer for genetic adaptation. Epigenetic mechanisms may be crucial for sessile benthic marine organisms, such as reef‐building corals, where ocean acidification (OA) and warming reflect in strong negative responses. We tested the potential for scleractinian corals to exhibit phenotypic plasticity associated with a change inDNAmethylation in response toOA. Clonal coral fragments of the environmentally sensitivePocillopora damicornisand more environmentally robustMontipora capitatawere exposed to fluctuating ambient pH(7.9–7.65) and low pH(7.6–7.35) conditions in common garden tanks for ~6 weeks.M. capitataresponded weakly, or acclimated more quickly, toOA, with no difference in calcification, minimal separation of metabolomic profiles, and no change inDNAmethylation between treatments. Conversely,P. damicornisexhibited diminished calcification at low pH, stronger separation in metabolomic profiles, and responsiveness ofDNAmethylation to treatment. Our data suggest corals differ in their temporal dynamics and sensitivity for environmentally triggered real‐time epigenetic reprogramming. The generation of potentially heritable plasticity via environmental induction ofDNAmethylation provides an avenue for assisted evolution applications in corals under rapid climate change.
Balanced harvesting can emerge from fishing decisions by individual fishers in a small‐scale fishery
Authors: Plank Michael J , Kolding Jeppe , Law Richard , Gerritsen Hans D , Reid David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCatching fish in proportion to their productivity, termed balanced harvesting, has been suggested as a basis for the ecosystem approach to fishing. Balanced harvesting has been criticized as uneconomical and unachievable because of the level of micromanagement it would require. Here, we investigate the consequences of allowing a fixed number of fishers in a small‐scale fishery to choose what size fish to attempt to catch. We examine this from a game‐theoretic perspective and test our predictions using an agent‐based model for fishers’ decisions coupled with a size‐spectrum model for the dynamics of a single fish species. We show that small‐scale gillnet fishers, operating without size‐based regulations, would end up catching small and large fish in proportion to their productivity, in other words balanced harvesting. This is significant because it shows that, far from being unachievable, balanced harvesting can emerge without external intervention under some circumstances. Controls are needed to prevent overfishing, but minimum size regulations alone are not sufficient to achieve this, and actually reduce the sustainable yield by confining fishing to a relatively unproductive part of the size‐spectrum. Our findings are particularly relevant for small‐scale fisheries in areas where there is poverty and malnutrition because here provision of biomass for food is more important than the market value of the catch.
Taking Brief Strategic Family Therapy from Bench to Trench: Evidence Generation Across Translational Phases
Authors: Horigian Viviana E. , Anderson Austen R. , Szapocznik José 
Published: July 2016

In this article, we review the research evidence generated over 40 years on Brief Strategic Family Therapy illustrating theNIHstages of intervention development and highlighting the translational process. Basic research (Stage 0) led to the discovery of the characteristics of the population and the nature of the problems that needed to be addressed. This step informed the selection of an intervention model that addressed the problems presented by the population, but in a fashion that was congruent with the population's culture, defined in terms of its value orientations. From this basic research, an intervention that integrated structural and strategic elements was selected and refined through testing (Stage I). The second stage of translation (StageII) included efficacy trials of a specialized engagement module that responded to challenges to the provision of services. It also included several other efficacy trials that documented the effects of the intervention, mostly in research settings or with research therapists. StagesIII/IVin the translational process led to the testing of the effectiveness of the intervention in real‐world settings with community therapists and some oversight from the developer. This work revealed that an implementation/organizational intervention was required to achieve fidelity and sustainability of the intervention in real‐world settings. The work is currently in Stage V in which new model development led to an implementation intervention that can ensure fidelity and sustainability. Future research will evaluate the effectiveness of the current implementation model in increasing adoption, fidelity, and long‐term sustainability in real‐world settings.
The Impact of Cross‐Listing on the Home Market's Information Environment and Stock Price Efficiency
Authors: Dodd Olga , Gilbert Aaron 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe empirically examine changes in information asymmetry and informational efficiency of cross‐listed stocks in their home market around a cross‐listing in the United States. We estimate intraday market microstructure measures of information asymmetry and price efficiency, and find that a U.S. cross‐listing significantly improves the quality of a firm's information environment and stock price efficiency in the home market. This improvement is stronger for cross‐listings that take place after the adoption of Sarbanes‐Oxley Act. Our results demonstrate that stricter disclosure from a U.S. cross‐listing is beneficial, in line with the legal and reputational bonding hypotheses.
Gender Quotas and Human Capital Formation: A Relative Deprivation Approach
Authors: Hyll Walter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe study a quota’s effect on individual human capital investment incentives beyond merely altering individual’s overall probability of being promoted. We assume that individuals sense relative deprivation from unfavorable (income) comparisons within their reference group and that comparisons take place within the same gender. The introduction of a female quota increases (decreases) the number of women (men) holding top positions. On one hand, the relative deprivation to which female individuals are subjected to increases. These female individuals respond to an increase in their relative deprivation by acquiring additional human capital which, because it enables them to increase their earnings, reduces their relative deprivation. On the other hand, male individuals invest less in human capital in response to a decrease in relative deprivation. We show that the human capital formed by women who are encouraged to do so by the quotas is larger than the human capital that men who are discouraged by the quotas refrain from forming. However, the positive human capital accumulation effect hinges on a certain level of ability by gender and on how much individuals perceive relative deprivation.