bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Adverse Life Events on Brain Development in the ABCD Study®: A Propensity-weighted Analysis
Authors: Elton Amanda , Lewis Ben , Nixon Sara Jo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLongitudinal studies of the effects of adversity on human brain development are complicated by the association of stressful events with confounding variables. To counter this bias, we apply a propensity-weighted analysis of the first two years of The Adolescent Brain Cognitive DevelopmentSM(ABCD) Study® data, employing a machine learning analysis weighted by individuals’ propensity to experience adversity. Data included 338 resting-state functional connections from 7190 youth (46% female), divided into a training group (80%) and an independent testing group (20%). Propensity scores were computed using 390 variables to balance across two-year adverse life event exposures. Using elastic net regularization with and without inverse propensity weighting, we developed linear models in which changes in functional connectivity of brain connections during the two-year period served as predictors of the number of adverse events experienced during that same period. Haufe’s method was applied to forward-transform the backward prediction models. We also tested whether brain changes associated with adverse events correlated with concomitant changes in internalizing or externalizing behaviors or to academic achievement. In the propensity-weighted analysis, brain development significantly predicted the number of adverse events experienced during that period in both the training group (ρ=0.14, p<0.001) and the independent testing group (ρ=0.10, p<0.001). The predictor indicated a general pattern of decreased functional connectivity between large-scale networks and subcortical brain regions, particularly for cingulo-opercular and sensorimotor networks. These network-to-subcortical functional connectivity decreases inversely associated with the development of internalizing symptoms, suggesting adverse events promoted adaptive brain changes that may buffer against stress-related psychopathology. However, these same functional connections were also associated with poorer grades at the two-year follow-up. Although cortical-subcortical brain developmental responses to adversity potentially shield against stress-induced mood and anxiety disorders, they may be detrimental to other domains such as academic success.
Revisiting oxygen toxicity: evolution and adaptation to superoxide in a SOD-deficient bacterial pathogen
Authors: Huete Samuel G. , Leyva Alejandro , Kornobis Etienne , Cokelaer Thomas , Lechat Pierre , Monot Marc , Duran Rosario , Picardeau Mathieu , Benaroudj Nadia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDefenses against oxidants are crucial for the virulence of pathogens, with superoxide scavenging enzymes (SOSEs) playing a vital role for most aerobes. However, our knowledge of superoxide adaptation primarily stems from the study of SOSE-encoding bacteria. Here, we investigated the evolution of a naturally SOSE-deficient pathogen (Leptospiraspp.), along with the alternative mechanisms it recruits to combat superoxide stress. We demonstrate that emergence of pathogenicLeptospiracorrelated with SOD loss, but that a long-lasting adaptation to superoxide remains possible. We reveal that cysteine and leucine biosynthesis are the most induced pathways in response to superoxide and demonstrate the importance of sulfur metabolism in superoxide adaptation in this SOSE-deficient model. We also propose cysteine oxidation as a key mediator of superoxide toxicity in the absence of SOSEs. This study challenges our conventional understanding of the oxygen toxicity theory and proposes a new model of superoxide adaptation through metabolic rewiring in bacteria.
Sub-chronic and acute toxicity of 6PPD-quinone to early-life stage rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Roberts Catherine , Kohlman Evan , Jain Niteesh , Amekor Mawuli , Alcaraz Alper James , Hogan Natacha , Brinkmann Markus , Hecker Markus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractN-(1,3-Dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine-quinone (6PPD-Q) is a derivative of rubber tires which leaches into surface waters when tire particles are swept into roadway runoff. 6PPD-Q has been identified as a potential cause of urban runoff mortality syndrome in coho salmon, and subsequent research has determined a wide species variation in toxicity among fishes. While adult rainbow trout are known to be sensitive, there is limited research on their early-life stages. Given that early-life stages of fish are often more sensitive than adults, the aim of these studies was to assess the acute and sub-chronic toxicity of 6PPD-Q in early-life stage rainbow trout. Rainbow trout alevins were exposed from hatch until 28 days post-hatch (dph) to time-weighted average 6PPD-Q concentrations ranging from 0.06-2.35μg/L. From these studies, a 28-day median lethal dose (LC50) of 0.56μg/L was derived. Morphological deformities were observed during the exposure period, including pooling of blood in the caudal fin. A follow-up acute study with exogenously feeding rainbow trout fry revealed a 96-hour LC50of 0.47μg/L. These studies indicate that early-life stage rainbow trout are more sensitive than previously studied sub-adults, with exogenously feeding fry being the most sensitive life stage studied so far, and that sub-chronic exposure to 6PPD-Q can result in developmental abnormalities. This research highlights the importance of utilizing early-life stage studies to determine the most sensitive benchmark concentrations and their value in determining sub-lethal effects.
Non-Optical, Label-free Electrical Capacitance Imaging of Microorganisms
Authors: Incandela Joseph T. , Hu Kangping , Joshi Pushkaraj , Rosenstein Jacob K. , Larkin Joseph W. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMany fundamental insights into microbiology have come from imaging, which is typically synonymous with optical techniques. However, the sample preparation needed for many optical microscopy methods such as labeling, fixing, or genetic modification, limits the range of species and environments we can investigate. Here we demonstrate the use of electrical capacitance measurements as a non-optical method for imaging live microbial samples. In electrical capacitance imaging (ECI), samples are positioned in contact with a semiconductor sensor array, and localized capacitance measurements are made across the array. From these measurements, we generate textured images of a variety of microbial colonies. We determine that capacitance is correlated with local sample thickness by comparing ECI data to 3D confocal scans. We further illustrate with ECI that a difference in capacitance signal allows microbial species to be spatially distinguished in co-culture conditions. In order to highlight the versatility of our system, we capture the cross-sectional development of floating pellicle biofilms in a liquid culture at millimeter length scales during weeks-long time-lapse experiments. These novel results establish a new low-cost and portable platform which can be used for spatially and temporally resolved experiments in diverse environments with a wide variety of microbial species.IMPORTANCEMicrobes live in diverse environments, and occupy biological roles across many timescales. Investigating the full scope of microbial activity requires imaging systems appropriate to each context. Though optical microscopy is powerful, the use of light, lenses, and other hardware limits where it can be applied. At the same time, existing non-optical imaging methods are frequently destructive to samples and require extensive equipment. In this paper we present a non-optical imaging system that is small, cheap, requires no sample labeling, and is compatible with a variety of microbial species. Our system uses semiconductor chips to measure the inherent material properties of a sample with spatial sensitivity, producing images of microbes contrasted against their environment and each other. Our technique captures label-free, micrometer-resolution images with a pocket-sized device, enabling microbiological imaging experiments in new environments with new species.
Quantum entanglement in a mixed-spin trimer: Effects of a magnetic field and heterogeneous
g
factors
Authors: Adamyan Zhirayr , Ohanyan Vadim 
Published: September 2024

Mixed spin-(1/2,1/2,1) trimer with two different Landé g factors and two different exchange couplings is considered. The main feature of the model is nonconserving magnetization. The Hamiltonian of the system is diagonalized analytically. We presented a detailed analysis of the ground-state properties, revealing several possible ground-state phase diagrams and magnetization profiles. The main focus is on how nonconserving magnetization affects quantum entanglement. We have found that nonconserving magnetization can bring a continuous dependence of the entanglement quantifying parameter (negativity) on the magnetic field within the same eigenstate, while for the case of uniform g factors it is a constant. The main result is an essential enhancement of the entanglement in the case of uniform couplings for one pair of spins caused by an arbitrary small difference in the values of g factors. This enhancement is robust and brings almost a sevenfold increase of the negativity. We have also found a weakening of entanglement for other cases. Thus, nonconserving magnetization offers a broad opportunity to manipulate the entanglement by means of a magnetic field.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Percolation without trapping: How Ostwald ripening during two-phase displacement in porous media alters capillary pressure and relative permeability
Authors: Adebimpe Ademola Isaac , Foroughi Sajjad , Bijeljic Branko , Blunt Martin J. 
Published: September 2024

Conventional measurements of two-phase flow in porous media often use completely immiscible fluids, or are performed over time scales of days to weeks. If applied to the study of gas storage and recovery, these measurements do not properly account for Ostwald ripening, significantly overestimating the amount of trapping and hysteresis. When there is transport of dissolved species in the aqueous phase, local capillary equilibrium is achieved: this may take weeks to months on the centimeter-sized samples on which measurements are performed. However, in most subsurface applications where the two phases reside for many years, equilibrium can be achieved. We demonstrate that in this case, two-phase displacement in porous media needs to be modeled as percolation without trapping. A pore network model is used to quantify how to convert measurements of trapped saturation, capillary pressure and relative permeability made ignoring Ostwald ripening to account for this effect. We show that conventional measurements overestimate the amount of capillary trapping by 20–25%.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Spillovers of U.S. monetary policy shocks on housing prices in nine emerging economies and their stabilizing capital controls
Authors: Nguyen Trung Ba , Le Chon Van , Nguyen Tri Anh Duc 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the dynamic spillovers of Federal Reserve’s monetary policy shocks on real house price indices in nine emerging economies, namely China, Brazil, Thailand, Chile, Peru, Mexico, Malaysia, Indonesia and South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use the local projection method with a panel data set of these countries spanning from 2005Q3 to 2019Q4 to estimate local projections at each period rather than extrapolating into distant periods from a given model.

Findings
A pure tightening monetary policy shock is associated with a decline in housing prices in the nine emerging markets. However, the optimistic information about the US macro-economic fundamentals that is embedded in the tightening announcement would increase housing prices. Therefore, the net transmission effects of the US policy rate shocks may be smaller than what previous studies reported. In addition, the authors also find that capital control actions executed by emerging countries are effective in mitigating the spillovers of the US monetary policy.

Originality/value
First, the paper aims to investigate the effects of US monetary policy shocks on housing prices in emerging economies which have not received sufficient scholarly attention. Second, the analysis focuses on both pure monetary policy shocks and the Federal Reserve's information on economic fundamentals contained in its rate announcements. Third, the authors also assess the effectiveness of capital controls imposed by policymakers in emerging countries in mitigating the spillovers of US policy rate shocks on housing prices in emerging markets.
Bricks and sustainability: a look at how environmental variables impact housing markets
Authors: Alqaralleh Huthaifa 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
This paper aims to assess the interaction between environmental challenges and policy interventions in shaping housing prices. It emphasises the need to understand how policy interventions and environmental conditions can disproportionately affect housing affordability, population growth and building density, especially for vulnerable communities.

Design/methodology/approach
The study uses a panel quantile ARDL regression model to thoroughly investigate the asymmetric impact on a sample of 16 UK cities spanning the period 2000–2023.

Findings
The study reveals that pollution significantly impacts house prices, with cleaner areas experiencing faster price changes. Cleaner air pollution has a greater impact on property prices in cities with cleaner air. Climate policies and superior environmental technologies also influence consumer purchases. Addressing affordability has little short-term effect on house values, but building activity temporarily affects pricing. Investment in clean technology and climate action legislation may boost house prices and attract environmentally conscious individuals.

Practical implications
Based on these findings, policymakers seeking equitable and sustainable housing outcomes should consider these finding. It proposes evaluating city environmental features, eliminating environmental inequities, encouraging clean technology, balancing affordability and environmental concerns, monitoring and lowering pollutants and supporting sustainable building practices.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to analyse how environmental conditions, regulations on environmental action and demand-supply affect housing prices in 16 major UK cities. The connection between these factors is also examined in 8 cities with high and 8 cities with extremely low pollution. The research seeks to explore how environmental issues affect policy interventions to promote sustainable and equitable housing development. The asymmetric impact is examined using a panel quantile ARDL regression model. If property values are asymmetrical, the government should enforce severe environmental laws.
Pre-post examination of residents’ destination image toward mega event hosting country with strained bilateral relations
Authors: Byon Kevin K. , Yoon Juha , Gang Alex , Park Juho , Pedersen Paul M. 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThe current study applied the concept of country image to a context of bilateral relations for two post-Soviet states to examine the impact of a mega sport event on the image of the host country Russia.Design/methodology/approachSurveys were collected before and after the World Cup to assess any changes among Georgians with regard to their views on Russia and intentions to visit.FindingsThe results showed a significant change in Russia’s pre-perceived cognitive image related to reputation, respect and development, as well as the emotional aspect and overall country image after the mega sport event. Interestingly, the affective image of Russia carried more weight in shaping the overall country image compared to the cognitive aspects, suggesting the increasing importance of emotional perceptions over beliefs. However, despite these changes, the study found that mega sport events did not significantly moderate the association between country image and behavior intentions in the context of Russo-Georgian hostile bilateral relations.Originality/valueThis study is one of the first examinations of the impact of hosting mega sport events in countries with hostile bilateral ties. The findings support that mega sport events can be an effective mechanism to gain soft power in that such events can arouse changes in people’s emotions and feelings towards the host country, even for those living in a country with a hostile relationship with the host country. The scope of applicability of these findings can be extended to other contexts, including future hosts of mega sport events in their geo-political contexts.
Performance of shariah-compliant and non-shariah-compliant ETFs: a comparative study
Authors: Prati Ali Hachim , Ashfaq Muhammad , Ullah Shakir , Hasan Rashedul 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to elucidate the performance discrepancies between shariah-compliant and non-shariah-compliant exchange-traded funds (ETFs), aiming to enrich the academic and practical understanding of Islamic finance‘s nuances in the ETF sector.

Design/methodology/approach
Initiating with a broad literature review to cement a theoretical backdrop on Islamic investment principles and the mechanics of shariah-compliant ETFs, the research progresses to devise a comparative analytical framework. This framework focuses on assessing ETF performance through metrics like net asset value returns and volatility, specifically analyzing Blackrock ETFs to draw distinctions in portfolio outcomes and asset compositions.

Findings
The examination highlights discernible variances in portfolio performance between shariah-compliant and their conventional counterparts, presenting instances where shariah-compliant ETFs, such as ISUS from Blackrock, deliver competitive returns despite their generally lower net assets compared to conventional ETFs like VUSA from Vanguard. Moreover, the ISUS ETF‘s holdings investigation revealed discrepancies with AAOIFI standards, questioning its strict Shariah compliance and adding depth to the analysis of Islamic financial instruments‘ integrity.

Originality/value
This paper significantly advances the scholarly dialogue on Islamic financial practices within the ETF landscape, providing empirical evidence of performance differentials and compliance intricacies. While prior research has touched upon Islamic investing, this study pioneers a detailed comparative scrutiny, equipped with a novel methodological approach, to dissect the shariah-compliant ETFs‘ operational and ethical frameworks, offering invaluable insights for investors, financial analysts and Islamic finance scholars.
Fair value accounting and untraceable financial crime
Authors: Cardao-Pito Tiago 
Published: September 2024

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to inquire about the structural possibility of “fair value” accounting being used to commit and conceal financial crimes such as fraud, theft, money laundering, tax evasion and corruption.

Design/methodology/approach
This study builds on the embezzler test, a recently developed test that examines whether normative architectures are sufficiently well equipped to cope with illicit financial flows that cross the boundaries of organizations and countries. This test was applied to both the entire “fair value” system and the “fair value” accounting that have been gradually introduced in modified historical cost accounting systems.

Findings
“Fair value” accounting is formulated in such a manner that it does not provide a means of detecting and penalizing potential criminals. Therefore, owing to the malfunctioning of its normative architecture, evidence of criminal wrongdoing that could be associated with “fair value” accounting systems is difficult to find because of the deprivation of mechanisms for detection and subsequent disciplining. Indeed, rather than reduce financial crime, “fair value” accounting reduces the possibility of finding criminal evidence.

Research limitations/implications
A new research field can explore how “fair value” accounting allows financial crimes such as fraud, theft, money laundering, tax evasion and corruption to remain undetected and unpunished.

Practical implications
Unless private accounting standard setters as IASB and FASB can solve this fundamental problem regarding financial crime detection and penalizing, the case can be made for the phasing out of “fair value” accounting systems. The return of accounting norms to the government sphere may be a necessary pathway. This can only happen if policymakers produce necessary legislation.

Originality/value
To present a new research argument against “fair value” accounting systems, which demonstrates the limitations and fragilities of this accounting system regarding illicit financial flows and other financial crimes that rely on illicit financial flows.
Mentoring matters: decoding the impact of downward envy on interpersonal conflict, workplace ostracism, and displaced aggression
Authors: Li Miaomiao , Qin Yinglin , Le Jiaqi 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study investigates how downward envy affects interpersonal conflict, workplace ostracism and displaced aggression in the mentoring context. It seeks to deepen our understanding of how these dynamics influence a mentor–protégé relationship.Design/methodology/approachEmploying a three-wave research design, this study uses a sample of 176 participants in mentoring relationships to test our proposed moderated mediation model.FindingsDownward envy can increase interpersonal conflict, workplace ostracism and displaced aggression. A mentor’s social comparison orientation moderates these effects by amplifying the negative impacts of downward envy.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings have practical implications for both mentors and protégés.Practical implicationsThese findings have practical implications for both mentors and protégés.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by focusing on downward envy within the mentoring context, yielding valuable insights to navigate mentoring experiences at work.