bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A systematic review of the research evidence for the benefits of teledentistry
Authors: Estai Mohamed , Kanagasingam Yogesan , Tennant Marc , Bunt Stuart 
Published: January 2017

Objective This review is designed to inform future decisions about the benefits of integrating teledentistry into routine health services, by presenting an overview of the evidence for the effectiveness and economic impact of teledentistry. Methods Two reviewers searched PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL databases through November 2016 to identify published peer-reviewed studies in English. Teledentistry studies were included if they were; (a) controlled (randomised or non-randomised) assessment studies; and (b) compared outcomes of a teledentistry intervention in terms of clinical or economic evaluation with the outcomes of traditional clinical alternatives. The quality of the studies was evaluated using a quality appraisal tool that considered study performance and design. Results This review identified 385 publications, of which 217 full-text articles were retrieved for further inspection. Of these, only 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. Nine of the included articles showed some clinical outcomes; the other two were primarily economic analyses. The balance of these studies assesed the efficacy of teledentistry interventions rather than their effectiveness. Four studies (36%) achieved higher quality scores and have greater potential to influence health-care decision-making. To date, the most convincing published evidence regarding the efficacy of teledentistry was provided by studies on paediatric dentistry, orthodontics and oral medicine. The economic analysis referred only to cost-minimisation, suggesting that the use of teleconsultation in dentistry can be cost-saving when compared to a conventional consultation. However, high-quality economic studies on teledentistry are rare. Conclusion There is emerging evidence supporting the efficacy of teledentistry. However, there is not yet enough conclusive evidence, particularly for its effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and long-term use, to make evidence-based policy decisions on teledentistry.
The Perforation of the Superior Vena Cava Secondary to the Left Subclavian Dialysis Catheter
Authors: Turkyilmaz Atila , Karapolat Sami , Kilic Mehmet , Tekinbas Celal 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: The perforation of the superior vena cava during the placement of dialysis catheter and consequent hemothorax is a rare serious complication. Case Report: Dialysis catheter was placed in the left subclavian vein in a 69-year-old male patient with chronic renal insufficiency who was hospitalized for intracerebral hematoma. During hemodialysis a day after the procedure, the patient was noted having right-sided hemothorax, causing lethargy, dyspnea, hypotension, and bradycardia. Right tube thoracostomy was performed and 1500 cc of hemorrhagic fluid was drained. Under general anesthesia, the right posterolateral thoracotomy was performed and the tip of the dialysis catheter was found in the pleural space, penetrating the anteromedial side of the superior vena cava. The perforation area was repaired by suturing with 3-0 prolene, and the dialysis catheter was removed externally. Postoperative period was uneventful, and tube thoracostomy was terminated on day 4. Conclusion: Establishing the diagnosis early and accurately and performing appropriate surgery would be lifesaving in superior vena cava perforation due to dialysis catheter.
The foot abduction characteristics following Steenbeek foot abduction brace
Authors: Agarwal Anil , Kumar Anubrat , Mishra Madhusudan 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: We prospectively investigated the foot abduction characteristics following Steenbeek foot abduction brace (SFAB) use in corrected clubfeet. The foot abduction achievable in SFAB with knee flexion and extension was calculated to find the effectiveness and stretch exerted by it. Methods: Only children with corrected idiopathic clubfeet using SFAB for greater than 3 months were enrolled. The foot abduction with and without brace in knee extended and flexed positions was measured. Hip range of motion (ROM) with and without brace was also recorded. Results: The average age of 42 children ( 62 feet) was 24.25 months (range: 5–48 months). There was difference in foot abduction of 22.2° in knee extension and flexion with SFAB on. A significant change in foot stretch of 25.5° observed when the knee was moved from extended to flexed position indicated SFAB dynamicity. The SFAB was found to be an effective orthosis as it brought the corrected clubfoot into maximum abduction permissible in the foot during the phase of knee flexion. The tibial rotation accounted for a major component (61%) of apparent foot abduction with the brace on. A hip ROM of 52.2° was required for SFAB function. Conclusion: SFAB is a dynamic brace that functions better in flexed knee position. It is able to induce a near equivalent actual abduction available in the foot in flexed position of knee. There is a significant component of tibial external rotation in SFAB-induced foot abduction. SFAB function is also dependent on hip mechanics.
Refractory patella tendinopathy with failed conservative treatment—shock wave or arthroscopy?
Authors: Williams HLM , Jones SA , Lyons C , Wilson C , Ghandour A 
Published: January 2017

Aim: To identify whether the location of refractory patella tendinopathy (PT) has an effect on treatment modality (radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) or arthroscopic debridement). Methods: Between 2012 and 2014, 40 patients with PT underwent a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. This confirmed the diagnosis as either involving the tendon itself (group A, 20) or with retropatella fat pad extension (group B, 20). All patients underwent rESWT. If there was no improvement patients proceeded with surgery in the form of arthroscopic debridement (by senior authors CW and AG). Outcomes were assessed before and after treatment using the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) score. Results: There were 18 males and 2 females in group A and 15 males and 5 females in group B. The mean age was 41.4 years in group A (23–59) and 34.7 in group B (19–52). Seventeen of 20 in group A reported good or excellent outcomes and did not require surgical intervention (remaining three improved after second course of ESWT). All patients in group B failed to improve with rESWT, resulting in arthroscopic debridement and reported good or excellent outcomes. After 6 months, group A mean VISA-P score increased from 50.2 to 65.0 ( p = 0.01) and group B from 39.6 to 78.4 ( p = <0.001). Conclusion: An MRI should be performed to determine the precise location of tendinosis in patients with refractory PT who fail standard conservative management. If the MRI scan shows intratendon changes only, ESWT should be performed and those with extension into the fat pad should proceed to arthroscopic debridement without rESWT.
Laboratory Abnormalities in Patients in the Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Zak Margie B , Dmuchowski Carl F , Smythe Maureen A 
Published: January 2017

Objective: The goals of this article are to (1) identify the incidence of reported laboratory abnormalities in patients in the medical intensive care unit (ICU); (2) characterize the relationship between reported laboratory abnormalities and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III (APACHE III) score, length of stay, and mortality; and (3) evaluate therapeutic replacement in patients with electrolyte abnormalities. Design: Retrospective chart review of all patients admitted to the medical ICU between April 1, 1993 and June 30, 1993. Setting: Large teaching institution. Participants: Patients admitted to the medical ICU (n = 116). Interventions: The following data were collected: age, sex, admitting diagnosis, serum electrolyte and laboratory parameters, APACHE HI score, length of ICU stay, and mortality. Results: Ten individual laboratory abnormalities were found in more than 30% of all patients in the medical ICU (range 32.8–59.5%). Abnormalities in four laboratory parameters were associated with undesirable patient outcomes. Patients with hypoalbuminemia had a significantly higher APACHE HI score (p < 0.05). Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia, and hypoalbuminemia all were associated with an increased length of stay in the ICU (p < 0.05). Overall mortality was significantly higher in patients with alkalosis (p = 0.002). Therapeutic replacement in those with low electrolyte concentrations often was delayed or missed. Fifteen to 75% of patients who had abnormally low serum electrolyte concentrations were not treated. Conclusions: A high incidence of laboratory abnormalities is reported in patients admitted to the medical ICU. Several of these abnormalities are associated with undesirable outcomes such as an increased length of ICU stay in patients with hypoalbuminemia, hypocalcemia, and hypomagnesemia and increased mortality in patients with alkalosis. Therapeutic replacement of electrolytes in patients with abnormalities often was delayed or missed.
In Search of Lactose
Authors: Russette Helen K , Oh Taeho 
Published: January 2017

Objective: To describe lactose in medications, answer commonly asked questions about lactose intolerance, and to provide useful information to pharmacists on how to identify lactose content in medications. Design: Descriptive. Summary: Within the population of lactose-intolerant individuals, a wide variation exists concerning the degree to which the lactase enzyme is deficient. When asked whether lactose-intolerant individuals can take their lactose-containing product without complications, the surveyed drug manufacturers offered a number of suggestions, including the following: avoid the product; determine the patient's level of lactose intolerance and, depending on the severity of the condition, decide with the physician whether the medication should be taken or whether it can be substituted with a suitable formulation that does not contain lactose; and supplement each dosage with an exogenous lactase enzyme. Because drug manufacturers themselves acknowledge that even minute amounts of lactose in medications may be a problem for those who are severely intolerant of lactose, this agent may not be the ideal filler, as it is described in standard pharmacologic references. Although the original intent was to develop a comprehensive list of lactose-containing and lactose-free drugs, that proved to be an unmanageable task. Instead, from a literature search and primary investigation, information and discussion are provided in a question/answer format that is designed to help clinicians serve their lactose-intolerant patients. Conclusions: Primary healthcare professionals should be aware of the potential effects of lactose, not only in foods, but also in medications. If patients experience diarrhea, cramping, or bloating, or if babies become colicky for no medically apparent reason, a search for lactose content in medications or in infant formulas may reveal the cause. However, medical evaluation is always appropriate, as a small percentage of such patients may in fact have an underlying intestinal disease to which lactose intolerance is secondary. Because drug manufacturers acknowledge that even minute amounts of lactose in medications may be a problem for those who are severely intolerant of lactose, this agent may not be the ideal filler. A worthy subject for research in this area would be the discovery or development of a new filler for pharmaceuticals without the contraindications possible with lactose.
Single-cell molecular analysis defines therapy response and immunophenotype of stem cell subpopulations in CML
Authors: Warfvinge Rebecca , Geironson Linda , Sommarin Mikael N. E. , Lang Stefan , Karlsson Christine , Roschupkina Teona , Stenke Leif , Stentoft Jesper , Olsson-Strömberg Ulla , Hjorth-Hansen Henrik , Mustjoki Satu , Soneji Shamit , Richter Johan , Karlsson Göran 
Published: January 2017

Key Points
Single-cell gene expression analysis reveals CML stem cell heterogeneity and changes imposed by TKI therapy. A subpopulation with primitive, quiescent signature and increased survival to therapy can be high-purity captured as CD45RA−cKIT−CD26+.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Quercetin-induced miR-200b-3p regulates the mode of self-renewing divisions in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Nwaeburu Clifford C. , Abukiwan Alia , Zhao Zhefu , Herr Ingrid 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background
Cancer stem cells are suggested to contribute to the extremely poor prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma and dysregulation of symmetric and asymmetric stem cell division may be involved. Anticancer benefits of phytochemicals like the polyphenol quercetin, present in many fruits, nuts and vegetables, could be expedited by microRNAs, which orchestrate cell-fate decisions and tissue homeostasis. The mechanisms regulating the division mode of cancer stem cells in relation to phytochemical-induced microRNAs are poorly understood.

Methods
Patient-derived pancreas tissue and 3 established pancreatic cancer cell lines were examined by immunofluorescence and time-lapse microscopy, microRNA microarray analysis, bioinformatics and computational analysis, qRT-PCR, Western blot analysis, self-renewal and differentiation assays.

Results
We show that symmetric and asymmetric division occurred in patient tissues and in vitro, whereas symmetric divisions were more extensive. By microarray analysis, bioinformatics prediction and qRT-PCR, we identified and validated quercetin-induced microRNAs involved in Notch signaling/cell-fate determination. Further computational analysis distinguished miR-200b-3p as strong candidate for cell-fate determinant. Mechanistically, miR-200b-3p switched symmetric to asymmetric cell division by reversing the Notch/Numb ratio, inhibition of the self-renewal and activation of the potential to differentiate to adipocytes, osteocytes and chondrocytes. Low miR-200b-3p levels fostered Notch signaling and promoted daughter cells to become symmetric while high miR-200b-3p levels lessened Notch signaling and promoted daughter cells to become asymmetric.

Conclusions
Our findings provide a better understanding of the cross talk between phytochemicals, microRNAs and Notch signaling in the regulation of self-renewing cancer stem cell divisions.
Pilot study of a culturally adapted psychoeducation (CaPE) intervention for bipolar disorder in Pakistan
Authors: Husain Muhammad Ishrat , Chaudhry Imran B. , Rahman Raza R. , Hamirani Munir M. , Mehmood Nasir , Haddad Peter M. , Hodsoll John , Young Allan H. , Naeem Farooq , Husain Nusrat 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background

Despite the use of maintenance medication, recurrence rates in bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) are high. To date, there are no clinical trials that have investigated the use of psychological interventions in bipolar disorder in Pakistan.

Aim
The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a culturally adapted bipolar psychoeducation programme (CaPE) in Pakistan.

Methods
Thirty-four euthymic bipolar I and II outpatients were randomized to either 12 weekly sessions of individual psychoeducation plus Treatment As Usual (Intervention) or Treatment As Usual (TAU) (Control). Outcomes were assessed using the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), EuroQoL (EQ-5D), Bipolar Knowledge and Attitudes and Questionnaire (BKAQ), and a self-reported measure of medication adherence (Morisky Medication Adherence Scale-4 items, MMAS-4). Effect sizes were derived from baseline adjusted standardized regression coefficients.

Results
Retention in the study was good, 80% of patients in the TAU follow-up assessment and 100% of patients in the CaPE group attended all 12 sessions. Patient satisfaction was higher in the CaPE group relative to control (ES = 1.41). Further, there were large effect sizes shown for CaPE versus TAU for medication adherence (MMAS-4: ES = 0.81), knowledge and attitudes towards bipolar (BKAQ: ES = 0.68), mania (YMRS: ES = 1.18), depression (BDI: ES = 1.17) and quality of life measures (EQ-5D: ES ⇒ 0.88).

Conclusions
Culturally adapted psychoeducation intervention is acceptable and feasible, and can be effective in improving mood symptoms and knowledge and attitudes to BPAD when compared with TAU. Larger scale studies are needed to confirm our findings.
Trial registration. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02210390
From Open Door to Nationalization: Oil and Development Visions in Bolivia, 1952–1969
Authors: Young Kevin A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAfter the 1952 Bolivian Revolution, oil assumed an increasingly important role in Bolivia's economy and popular consciousness. Oil nationalists were deeply divided, however. While the Movimiento Nacionalista Revolucionario (MNR) regime sought economic modernization, labor and the Left also demanded major redistribution. These divisions influenced the multiple changes in hydrocarbon policy after 1952. An aversion to radicalization contributed to MNR leaders' 1955 decision to promote private investment in accordance with US wishes. Soon thereafter, a growing nationalist coalition challenged this open-door policy, culminating with the 1969 nationalization of Gulf Oil's properties by the military regime of Alfredo Ovando Candía. Ironically, though, the nationalization was driven partly by the same conservative logic that had animated the MNR's liberalization, in that Ovando favored nationalization as an alternative to redistribution. While tracing the rise and impact of Bolivian hydrocarbon nationalism, this case study also highlights common conflicts within resource nationalist coalitions and how those conflicts can influence policy decisions.
Statin (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor)-based therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection-related diseases in the era of direct-acting antiviral agents
Authors: Kishta Sara Sobhy , Kishta Sobhy Ahmed , El-Shenawy Reem 
Published: January 2017

Recent improvements have been made in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs). However, despite successful viral clearance, many patients continue to have HCV-related disease progression. Therefore, new treatments must be developed to achieve viral clearance and prevent the risk of HCV-related diseases. In particular, the use of pitavastatin together with DAAs may improve the antiviral efficacy as well as decrease the progression of liver fibrosis and the incidence of HCV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. To investigate the management methods for HCV-related diseases using pitavastatin and DAAs, clinical trials should be undertaken. However, concerns have been raised about potential drug interactions between statins and DAAs. Therefore, pre-clinical trials using a replicon system, human hepatocyte-like cells, human neurons and human cardiomyocytes from human-induced pluripotent stem cells should be conducted. Based on these pre-clinical trials, an optimal direct-acting antiviral agent could be selected for combination with pitavastatin and DAAs. Following the pre-clinical trial, the combination of pitavastatin and the optimal direct-acting antiviral agent should be compared to other combinations of DAAs (e.g., sofosbuvir and velpatasvir) according to the antiviral effect on HCV infection, HCV-related diseases and cost-effectiveness.
Creating a climate that catalyses healthcare innovation in the United Kingdom – learning lessons from international innovators
Authors: Cresswell Kathrin , Cunningham-Burley Sarah , Sheikh Aziz 
Published: January 2017

Background: The United Kingdom (UK) lags behind other high-income countries in relation to technological innovation in healthcare. In order to inform UK strategy on how to catalyse innovation, we sought to understand what national strategies can help to promote a climate for innovation in healthcare settings by extracting lessons for the UK from international innovators.Methods: We undertook a series of qualitative semi-structured interviews with senior international innovators from a range of health related policy, care/service delivery, commercial and academic backgrounds. Thematic analysis helped to explore how different stakeholder groups could facilitate/inhibit innovation at individual, organisational, and wider societal levels.Results: We conducted 14 interviews and found that a conducive climate for healthcare innovation comprised of national/regional strategies stimulating commercial competition, promoting public/private relationships, and providing central direction (e.g. incentives for adoption and regulation through standards) without being restrictive. Organisational attitudes with a willingness to experiment and to take risks were also seen as important, but a bottom-up approach to innovation, based on the identification of clinical need, was seen as a crucial first step to construct relevant national policies.Conclusions: There is now a need to create mechanisms through which frontline National Health Service staff in relation can raise ideas/concerns and suggest opportunities for improvement, and then build national innovation environments that seek to address these needs. This should be accompanied by creating competitive health technology markets to stimulate a commercial environment that attracts high-quality health information technology experts and innovators working in partnership with staff and patients.
Effect of irrigation with nutrient solutions mixed with treated wastewater on Asiatic lily ‘Brunello’ grown in a closed soilless culture
Authors: Al-Hammouri Ahmed Abdel-Nabi , Al-Ghawanmeh Khalid , Bani Hani Nabeel , Karam Nabeela 
Published: January 2017

A plastic greenhouse study was implemented to evaluate the potential use of treated wastewater for irrigation of Asiatic lily ‘Brunello’ grown in zeolite. Plants received the following treatments: a nutrient solution (N) alone, (N) mixed with treated wastewater (W) at rates of 3N:1W, 1N:1W and 1N:3W respectively. A closed system was used in which the drain solution was circulated for several days until its electrical conductivity reached 2.3 dS m-1, after which fresh irrigation solutions were used to start a second cycle of circulation. The results indicated that plants irrigated with (N) or 3N:1W solution had the longest stems (34.4 and 36.2 cm) respectively, peduncles and buds (about 4.5 cm), and the greatest shoot (3.4 and 3.8 cm) and bud mass (14.95 and 17.6 g) respectively. Plants irrigated with 1N:3W solution had the highest dry mass tissue content of K (3.06 g kg -1) and B (35.5 mg kg-1). Plants irrigated with 1N:1W or 1N:3W were inferior to other plants. It can be concluded that 1N:3W mixture may be used for production of high quality cut flowers of lily. Moreover, it is expected to save 3.4 litres m-2 of a nutrient solution and 1850, 347 and 1870 mg m-2 day-1 for N, P, and K respectively.
Visions of “Eco- Law”: A Comment on Capra and Mattei, The Ecology of Law: Toward a Legal System in Tune with Nature and Community (Berrett-Kohler Pubs., 2015)
Authors: Strasser Kurt A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis new book offers an interesting vision of a new legal system, one aimed at promoting sustainable living on the planet. The vision is supported with an interesting and rich discussion comparing the history of scientific thought to the history of legal thought, noting that legal thinking has not yet evolved from mechanistic traditional individual rights centered thinking to a focus on networks and relationships. Yet it needs to do so to move to a new conception of “eco-law” which will support sustainable living and regeneration of the ecosystem. The vision is appealing and the presentation effectively sets the stage for further discussion. Eventually more will be needed to support the adoption of a new “eco-law” vision.