bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender disparities in the functional significance of anemia among apparently healthy adults
Authors: Shouval Roni , Katz Sharon , Nagler Arnon , Merkel Drorit , Ben‐Zvi Ilan , Segev Shlomo , Sidi Yechezkel , Goldenberg Ilan , Kivity Shaye , Maor Elad 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundData on the functional impact of anemia on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and survival in healthy individuals are limited. Our aim was to evaluate the association between anemia thresholds, low CRF, and survival in otherwise healthy adults.MethodsStudy population included 16 334 apparently healthy subjects attending annual periodic health screening examinations (71 200 annual visits), including exercise stress testing (EST). Anemia was defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) or Beutler and Waalens’ (BW) criteria. Low CRF was defined as the lowest fitness quintile according to the Bruce protocol.ResultsThe mean age was 46±10 years, and 70% were men. Mean Hb levels were 13±1 and 15±1 among women and men, respectively, with higher proportion of anemia among women. The majority of anemic subjects had mild anemia. When analyzing repeated annual visits, anemia was associated with a significant 39% and 64% increased risk of low CRF according the WHO and BW criteria only in women (n=18 672). Baseline anemia at first visit was associated with 2.6‐ and 1.9‐fold increased risk of all‐cause mortality using the WHO and BW criteria, exclusively in men (n=11 511).ConclusionsOverall, the functional and prognostic impact of anemia is gender dependent, based on the WHO and BW arbitrary criteria, suggesting differing mechanism and responses.
An outbreak of equine botulism type D in Israel
Authors: Shnaiderman‐Torban A. , Elad D. , Kelmer G. , Avni G. , Shalit U. , Steinman A. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryAn outbreak of type D botulism involved 12 horses in an equine farm in Israel. Clinical signs included progressive weakness and decreased tongue and tail tonus. Ten of the horses died. Supportive care was provided, without antitoxin administration, since it was not available. In two samples of the gastrointestinal content, the presence ofClostridium botulinumtype D toxin producing bacteria was demonstrated by the mouse bioassay test. Botulism represents a severe concern, due to high mortality rate and public health problem. Since clinical signs are insufficient to make a definitive diagnosis, laboratory confirmation is required. Prevention of exposure, immunisation and early aggressive treatment may decrease mortality.
Ichthyofauna (Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes) from the Upper Cretaceous intertrappean beds of Piplanarayanwar, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Lourembam Ranjit Singh , Prasad Guntupalli V. R. , Grover Pooja 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA new fossiliferous intertrappean section is found 92 km southwest of the extensively studied intertrappean beds of Mohgaonkalan and Jhilmili in Chhindwara District, Central India. Application of the bulk screen‐washing method led to the recovery of a rich microvertebrate fauna represented by fish, amphibians, crocodiles, snakes and dinosaurs. In this paper, the ichthyofauna recovered from the new intertrappean section consisting ofIgdabatis indicusPrasad and Cappetta, 1993,Lepisosteus indicusWoodward, 1908, Osteoglossidae gen. et sp. indet., Pycnodontidae gen. et sp. indet. and Siluriformes indet. is described. The ichthyofauna dominantly represented by the teeth ofIgdabatis indicusis suggestive of a nearshore, deltaic or estuarine palaeoenvironment and Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) age for the intertrappean beds. The remarkable similarity of the new intertrappean fauna to that of Asifabad and the infratrappean beds of Marepalli also is suggestive of coastal‐plain conditions all along the Godavari lineament in the Late Cretaceous. Although the presence of planktonic foraminifera in the intertrappean beds of Jhilmili in the Mandla Lobe of Deccan volcanic province has been inferred in terms of a short term marine incursion from the west coast along the Narmada lineament in the Early Palaeocene, currently there is no definitive evidence for the prevalence of marine or coastal‐plain conditions along the Narmada lineament at least in the latest Cretaceous.
The Inclusion Paradox of Enfranchising Expats in Latin America
Authors: Margheritis Ana 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEnfranchising emigrants implicitly involves inviting them to have a voice and increasing engagement in home politics, thus maintaining active membership of their nation of origin. However, in the Latin American Southern Cone (as well as in several other countries in the region), both state policies and expats’ responses have fallen short of making that invitation effective. What explains this inclusion paradox? Why, while franchise is expanding has effective political inclusion of citizens living abroad not materialized? This article addresses these questions for the cases of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay. Conclusions highlight relatively unexplored explanatory factors and enhance our understanding of the links between migration policy innovation and political inclusion beyond borders in some of the least studied cases in the literature.
Changes of perceived control after kidney transplantation: a prospective study
Authors: Schulz Torben , Niesing Jan , Homan van der Heide Jaap J. , Westerhuis Ralf , Ploeg Rutger J. , Ranchor Adelita V. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine if kidney transplantation is associated with increases of perceived control and how changes of perceived control affect the course of psychological distress until 1 year after transplantation.BackgroundLow levels of perceived control are associated with reduced well‐being among dialysis patients.DesignProspective longitudinal cohort study.MethodsPerceived control (Mastery Scale) and psychological distress (GHQ‐12) were prospectively assessed before (T0; n = 470) and three (T1; n = 197), six (T2; n = 210) and twelve (T3; n = 183) months after transplantation. Differences between T1 and T0 perceived control were used to stratify the sample into three groups (control gain, stable control and control loss). Socio‐demographic and clinical variables, including complications, were examined as potential correlates and the course of psychological was distress compared across groups. Data were collected between July 2008 ‐ July 2013.ResultsPerceived control showed a small increase overall, with 35·1%, 50·0% and 14·9% reporting gain, stable level and loss respectively. Patients with secondary schooling were overrepresented in the control loss group. The course of psychological distress varied across perceived control change groups, with patients in the control gain group experiencing a significant reduction in psychological distress.ConclusionA considerable number of patients report increased levels of perceived control after transplantation that are associated with a subsequent decrease in psychological distress. Results emphasize the importance of perceived control and could inform interventions to facilitate well‐being after kidney transplantation.
Fidelity scorecard: evaluation of a caregiver‐delivered symptom management intervention
Authors: Frambes Dawn , Lehto Rebecca , Sikorskii Alla , Tesnjak Irena , Given Barbara , Wyatt Gwen 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate and quantify the intervention fidelity of a symptom management protocol through implementation of a scorecard, using an exemplar study of caregiver‐delivered reflexology for people with breast cancer.BackgroundStudies on caregiver‐delivered symptom management interventions seldom include adequate information on protocol fidelity, contributing to potentially suboptimal provision of the therapeutic intervention, hindering reproducibility and generalizability of the results.DesignFidelity assessment of a 4‐week intervention protocol in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with data collection between 2012 ‐ 2016.MethodsThe National Institutes of Health Behaviour Change Consortium (NIH‐BCC) conceptual model for intervention fidelity guided the study. The five NIH‐BCC fidelity elements are: (1) dose; (2) provider training; (3) intervention delivery; (4) intervention receipt; and (5) enactment. To illustrate the elements, an intervention protocol was deconstructed and each element quantified using a newly developed fidelity scorecard.ResultsMean scores and frequency distributions were derived for the scorecard elements. For dose, the mean number of sessions was 4·4, 96% used the correct intervention duration and 29% had 4 weeks with at least one session. Provider training was achieved at 80% of the maximum score, intervention delivery was 96%, intervention receipt was 99% and enactment indicated moderate adoption at 3·8 sessions per patient. The sample mean score was 15·4 out of 16, indicating the high overall fidelity.ConclusionResearch findings that include description of how fidelity is both addressed and evaluated are necessary for clinical translation. Clinicians can confidently recommend symptom management strategies to patients and caregivers when fidelity standards are explicitly reported and measured.
The experiences of high intensity therapists delivering cognitive behavioural therapy to people with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Marwood Hayley , Chinn Deborah , Gannon Kenneth , Scior Katrina 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities (ID) should be able to access the Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) programme, currently a main provider of mainstream mental health services in England. IAPT offer cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) to individuals experiencing mental health problems, although its effectiveness for people with ID, when delivered within IAPT, is unclear.MethodTen high‐intensity therapists took part in semi‐structured interviews, analysed using thematic analysis, regarding their experiences of delivering CBT to people with ID in IAPT.ResultsThe rigidity of the IAPT model appears to offer a poor fit with the needs of people with ID. Therapists appeared uncertain about how to modify CBT and highlighted training and service development needs.ConclusionsFindings suggest barriers to accessing IAPT largely remain unaddressed where people with ID are concerned. Services may need to reconsider what constitutes appropriate reasonable adjustments to ensure equitable access.
Impression Management and Non‐GAAP Disclosure in Earnings Announcements
Authors: Guillamon‐Saorin Encarna , Isidro Helena , Marques Ana 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe study the market's reaction to the disclosure of non‐GAAP earnings measures that are combined with high impression management. We construct an impression management score that captures several communication techniques that managers often use to positively bias investors’ perceptions of firm performance. We hand‐collect and code both quantitative and qualitative information from earnings announcement press releases of large European firms. Our results indicate that non‐GAAP measures are informative to capital markets. However, non‐GAAP adjustments are more persistent when accompanied by higher levels of impression management. This evidence is consistent with managers attempting to distort users’ perceptions when non‐GAAP adjustments are of lower quality. Market reaction tests suggest that investors are able to see through managers’ intentions and discount non‐GAAP information that is accompanied by high impression management. Moreover, investors in more sophisticated markets penalize non‐GAAP measures communicated with high impression management. Our results are robust to a battery of sensitivity tests, including the use of a machine‐coded tone measure.
Sink or swim? Potential for high faunal turnover in Australian rivers under climate change
Authors: James Cassandra S. , Reside April E. , VanDerWal Jeremy , Pearson Richard G. , Burrows Damien , Capon Samantha J. , Harwood Thomas D. , Hodgson Lauren , Waltham Nathan J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimClimate change threatens biodiversity in all ecosystems, and major shifts in species distributions are expected. Freshwater ecosystems are considered particularly vulnerable due to the ectothermic physiology of most freshwater species and their limited habitat extent and capacity to track climate trends. In this study, we examined what broad patterns in freshwater riverine species turnover might be expected under climate change across continental Australia and what are the implications of these patterns for aquatic species and the low aquatic biodiversity of some bioregions?LocationContinental Australia.MethodsWe built statistical relationships between bioclimatic environments and the occurrence of species of four freshwater taxa (freshwater fish, crayfish, turtles and frogs) and examined trends in projected species turnover for a ‘business as usual’ climate scenario. We used Maxent to model species distributions and present the median projection across 18 global climate models. A recently derived national stream network was used to generate estimates of mean annual river flow and to produce realistic species distributions and migration options by restricting dispersal and migration opportunities usually available to riverine fauna.ResultsHigh species turnover was driven overwhelmingly by potential local extinctions particularly for stream frogs and crayfish where their current biodiversity is largely confined to higher elevation headwater streams. We predicted high turnover for inland regions of Australia, which are arid and generally support fewer freshwater species.Main conclusionsOur analysis indicates that under the most severe emissions pathway, projected climate change is likely to cause substantial changes to the composition of faunal assemblages in Australian rivers well before the end of this century. While freshwater systems globally are subject to immediate and pressing threats from anthropogenic land and water use, management interventions addressing these pressures need to be considered within the context of climate change.
Exposure to 15% oxygen in vivo up‐regulates cardioprotective SUR2A without affecting ERK1/2 and AKT: a crucial role for AMPK
Authors: Mohammed Abdul Khaja Shameem , Jovanović Sofija , Jovanović Aleksandar 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSUR2A is an ‘atypical’ ABC protein that forms sarcolemmal ATP‐sensitive K+ (KATP) channels by binding to inward rectifier Kir6.2. Manipulation with SUR2A levels has been suggested to be a promising therapeutic strategy against ischaemic heart diseases and other diseases where increased heart resistance to stress is beneficial. Some years ago, it has been reported that high‐altitude residents have lower mortality rates for ischaemic heart disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether SUR2A is regulated by mild‐to‐severe hypoxic conditions (15% oxygen; oxygen tension equivalent to 3000 m above sea level) and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Mice were exposed to either to 21% (control) or 15% concentration of oxygen for 24 hrs. Twenty‐four hours long exposure to 15% oxygen decreased partial pressure of O2 (PO2), but did not affect blood CO2 (PCO2), haematocrit nor levels of ATP, lactate and NAD+/NADH in the heart. Cardiac SUR2A levels were significantly increased while Kir6.2 levels were not affected. Hypoxia did not induce phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK1/2) or protein kinase B (Akt), but triggered phosphorylation of AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). AICAR, an activator of AMPK, increased the level of SUR2A in H9c2 cells. We conclude that oxygen increases SUR2A level by activating AMPK. This is the first account of AMPK‐mediated regulation of SUR2A.
Association between particulate matter 2.5 and diabetes mellitus: A meta‐analysis of cohort studies
Authors: He Dian , Wu Shaowen , Zhao Haiping , Qiu Hongyan , Fu Yang , Li Xingming , He Yan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe present meta‐analysis was carried out to assess the association between exposure to the level of atmospheric particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5; fine particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) and type 2 diabetes mellitus or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and MethodsWe searched the Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane and Web of Science databases to obtain articles according to the responding literature search strategies. Among a total of 279 identified articles, 55 were reviewed in depth, of which 10 articles (11 cohort studies) satisfied the inclusion criteria. Only cohort studies that disclosed the association between PM2.5 and type 2 diabetes mellitus or GDM were included in this article. A fixed‐effects model was selected if P > 0.1 and I2 < 50%; otherwise, a random‐effects model would be used to calculate the total effect value. Subgroup analysis was further carried out according to the types of diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes mellitus and GDM). The relative risk was used to estimate the association between PM2.5 and diabetes mellitus.ResultsThe positive associations between PM2.5 and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus were found in the long‐term exposure period (relative risk 1.25, 95% confidence interval 1.10–1.43), which showed that with every 10‐μg/m3 increase in PM2.5, the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus would increase by 25% in the long‐term exposure. Although the significant associations were not identified between maternal exposure to PM2.5 and GDM in the first trimester, the second trimester and the entire pregnancy periods, we could conclude that maternal exposure to PM2.5 in the entire pregnancy period would be more likely to lead to developing GDM (relative risk 1.162, 95% confidence interval 0.806–1.675) than the other two periods.ConclusionsLong‐term exposure to PM2.5 would be more likely to lead to developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, but more studies would be required to confirm the association between PM2.5 and GDM. It might be a wise to take effective measures to reduce PM2.5 exposure in vulnerable populations, especially for pregnant women.
Association of type 2 diabetes and an inflammatory marker with incident bone fracture among a Japanese cohort
Authors: Mitama Yasuyuki , Fujiwara Saeko , Yoneda Masayasu , Kira Sakurako , Kohno Nobuoki 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionThere are various causes of incident bone fracture. Not only aging, low bone mineral density and history of previous fracture, but also diabetes mellitus and inflammation are regarded as risk factors for fracture. The purpose of the present study was to verify the association of glycemic control or one inflammatory marker with incident fracture in a large‐scale Japanese cohort.Materials and MethodsThe present study was carried out at the Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Casualty Council and included 6,556 participants (2,785 men and 3,771 women, aged 55–87 years) who underwent annual health examinations and were followed for 7.4 years. Information about incident fractures was collected at interviews. Participants were classified into three groups: normal, borderline and diabetes mellitus according to glycohemoglobin levels (treated diabetes patients were included in the diabetes mellitus group). Furthermore, participants were classified into four additional groups by glycemic control (diabetes mellitus or non‐diabetes mellitus) and C‐reactive protein (CRP) levels (low or high). Hazard ratios (HRs) of diabetes mellitus, CRP and their combined risk of incident fracture were evaluated.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, bone mineral density and previous fracture, CRP was associated with increased fracture risk (in men HR 1.04, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.003–1.06; in women HR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.03–1.13), and diabetes mellitus predicted fracture risk in men (HR 1.31, 95% CI: 1.02–1.51). Fracture risk was significantly higher among the diabetes mellitus with high CRP group compared with the non‐diabetes mellitus with low CRP group (in men HR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.02–1.98; in women HR 1.41, 95% CI: 1.04–1.92).ConclusionsAmong a Japanese cohort, CRP measurements were helpful to detect high fracture risk in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Optimizing nano TiO2 assisted decoloration process for industrial date syrup utilizing response surface methodology
Authors: Nasabi Mahshad , Labbafi Mohsen , Khanmohammadi Mohammadreza 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTitanium dioxide nanoparticle has been proposed to be capable of presenting new consequences in field of date syrup decoloration besides common industrial discoloring techniques like using carbon active. This nano structure was used as a photocatalyst in the presence of ultraviolet radiation to investigate the decrement in high color and turbidity of date syrup. Photocatalytic decoloration process was optimized using response surface methodology statistical design. The effect of TiO2 catalyst portion, date syrup concentration, dose of UV radiation (UV power multiple time of processing) on the qualitative characterization of the date syrup including color and reduced sugars content (glucose and fructose) was investigated. The optimum condition obtained by experimental design method was date syrup concentration 19.06°Brix, TiO2 content 3.81 g/l and dose 5,082.21 kJ. In this condition, 53% color, 5% glucose, and 3% fructose reduction was obtained.Practical applicationsIndustrial date syrup is a common source of sugar which its consumption has been limited due to the presence of some coloring and turbidity agents. Thus Investigating new decoloration methods like nanotechnology which may reduce the colorants, as well as leaving less environmental pollution, seems necessary. The study offers using photocatalyst nanoparticle as a decolorant and obtaining the best decoloration condition by response surface methodology to get the least color and sugar loss in industrial date syrup.
Strain‐level characterization of cold‐stressed Listeria monocytogenes using maldi‐tof mass fingerprinting
Authors: Zhao Han , Jia Juntao , Chen Ying , Tang Jing , Jiang Yinghui , Wang Jing , Li Zhengyi , Zhao Liqing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractListeria monocytogenes, a common food borne bacterial pathogen, could survive in stress conditions applied in food production such as cold environments. Twenty‐eight strains of L. monocytogenes under cold stress were subjected to MALDI‐TOF MS analysis and compared with control strains under normal growth conditions. The resulting protein mass finger printings were visualized by phyloproteomic cluster and self‐organized map (SOM). It was observed that after cold‐stressed treatment, all strains exhibited change of mass finger printings. In most strains, the variations of the fingerprinting profiles were significant. The diversity in protein fingerprinting of L. monocytogenes after cold stress was also improved. The strain‐level differentiation of the stressed L. monocytogenes would not only improve the understanding of bacterial responses to cold stress but also facilitate classification and detection of stressed bacteria in food industry.Practical applicationsListeria monocytogenes that causes lethal listeriosis could survive in cold‐stressed treatment and pose high risk to food safety. However, the entire picture of the physiology of stress response adaptation of this strain is still unknown. The protein fingerprinting analysis of the cold‐stressed L. monocytogenes provided an entire picture of phenotypic stress response adaptation at strain level and helped to understand bacterial resistance to cold stress. Additionally, the study on the peptide fingerprints changes, covering 28 strains of L. monocytogenes from different sources would be particularly valuable for the strain‐level differentiation and detection of stressed bacteria in food industry.