bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Level-set based shape optimization for plane elastic structures using radial basis functions and Hilbertian descent direction
Authors: Sobczak Przemysław , Sokół Tomasz 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStructural optimization problems are often associated with the so-called shape functionals depending on a shape through its geometry and the state being a solution of given partial differential equation. In such a framework it is convenient to work with the gradient-like method based on a concept of a shape derivative and level set method. The key idea of level set method is to represent the structural boundary with zero level set of given function (level set function—LSF). Now, changing the shape of a structure under optimization is equivalent to transport the LSF in such a direction that ensures decreasing the value of the objective functional. To this end, we make use of coercive bilinear form taken from the weak formulation of elasticity problem to obtain descent direction at each iteration. This descent direction is a solution of an additional variational problem, involving the bilinear form mentioned above and the volumetric expression of the shape derivative plays the role of a linear form. In this paper, we combine level set method with radial basis functions (RBFs) used to approximate LSF. We focus on the so-called multiquadric RBFs, but other classes of RBFs are also briefly considered. This eventually leads to transformation of partial differential equation (linear transport equation governing the evolution of shapes) to a system of linear ordinary differential equations which admits analytical formula for the solution. We apply our method to compliance minimization of a cantilever problem as well as to total potential energy minimization of a structure with kinematic loading. To run all the numerical experiments, we wrote our own code in Wolfram Mathematica environment.
Gibbs Dynamics for Fractional Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations with Weak Dispersion
Authors: Liang Rui , Wang Yuzhao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe consider the Cauchy problem for the one-dimensional periodic cubic nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation (FNLS) with initial data distributed via its associated Gibbs measure. We construct global strong solutions with the flow property for the FNLS on the support of the Gibbs measure in the full dispersive range, thus resolving a question proposed by Sun and Tzvetkov (Nonlinear Anal 213, paper no. 112530, 2021). As a byproduct, we prove the invariance of the Gibbs measure and almost sure global well-posedness for FNLS.
Long-Term Follow-up After Ovariectomy Reveals Correlations Between Bone Marrow Adiposity and Trabecular Bone Quality in the Proximal Metaphysis of Tibiae in Rats
Authors: Bedez Maxime , Falgayrac Guillaume , Béhal Hélène , Cailliau Émeline , Delattre Jérôme , Coutel Xavier , Olejnik Cécile 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the correlation between BMAT and bone quality, describe the long-term effects of ovariectomy on bone, and investigate BMAT's spatial distribution. Fifteen-months-old female Sprague‒Dawley rats were studied, comparing ovariectomized (OVX, n = 22) and sham-operated (SHAM, n = 11) groups at 6 months. Tibias were analyzed for bone microarchitecture, BMAT (microcomputed tomography), mineral parameters (quantitative backscattered electron imaging), and bone composition (Raman microspectroscopy). The OVX tibias showed severe trabecular bone loss (lower bone volume/total volume, p < 0.001) with increased BMAT (higher adipose volume per marrow volume, p < 0.001), decreased mineral content (lower calcium concentration, p < 0.001), and altered organic components (lower mineral/matrix ratio in new bone, p = 0.03 trabecular surface, p < 0.001 trabecular core). When the data are pooled over both groups (SHAM and OVX), the adipose volume/marrow volume ratio was negatively correlated with bone volume/total volume (r =  − 0.79, p < 0.001) and mineral/matrix ratio (r =  − 0.37, p = 0.04 trabecular surface; r =  − 0.65, p < 0.001 trabecular core) and positively correlated with crystallinity (r = 0.55, p = 0.001 trabecular surface; r = 0.49, p = 0.006 trabecular core). The mineral/matrix ratio of trabecular surface new bone was strongly negatively correlated with the adipose compartment nearest to the bone surface. These findings suggest mechanisms underlying BMAT's role in bone resorption.
Correlation between the etiology of severe hearing loss and endolymphatic hydrops
Authors: Park Sung-Min , Han Jin Hee , Lee Jung Kyu , Choi Byung Se , Bae Yun Jung , Choi Byung Yoon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate correlation between the presence of endolymphatic hydrops(EH) and factors such as causes of hearing loss, patient age, duration of deafness, and results of vestibular function tests.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 128 ears of cochlear implantees who were not considered relevant to Meniere’s disease.

Results
When comparing group with genetic variants of GJB2, SLC26A4, LMX1A and other genetic mutation group, the proportion of vestibular EH and cochlear EH found in group with genetic variants of GJB2, SLC26A4, LMX1A was significantly higher than group with other genetic etiology (p < 0.01) or the group with all the other causes of hearing loss (p < 0.01). The rate of vestibular and cochlear EH detection was higher in younger patients (41.5% and 35.4%) than in older patients (25.4% and 20.6%). A higher ratio of vestibular and cochlear EH was observed in patients with a longer duration of deafness (37.5% and 31.3%) than those with a shorter duration of deafness (29.7% and 25.0%). The group with vestibular EH showed a higher incidence of abnormal findings in the caloric test (42.9%) than the group without vestibular EH (28.2%).

Conclusion
Patients with genetic variants of GJB2, SLC26A4, LMX1A, younger patients, those with longer deaf durations showed a higher prevalence of vestibular and cochlear EH, implying EH appears to be formed as a developmental disorder in association with a certain set of genetic variants, rather than a phenotypic marker as a result of severe to profound hearing loss.
Beyond the binary female/male sex classification: The impact of (trans)gender on the identification of human remains
Authors: Küppers L. , Gahr B. , Ritz S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In cases of unidentified deceased persons, sex determination is a routine task in forensic medicine. However, the binary biological sex categories ‘female’ and ‘male’ may be challenged if it is not clear whether the information in the missing persons databases refers to the biological sex or the (felt and lived) gender. An umbrella term for people who do not identify with their birth sex (which usually is the biological, chromosomal sex) is ‘transgender’. In recent decades, the legal and social situation of transgender people has changed in many countries making it easier to live their felt gender more openly. This development highlights the issue of potential challenges in the postmortem identification of transgender individuals. Serious problems in corresponding cases may be rare—but they must be considered and addressed in forensic practice to minimize the risk of delayed or failed identification. The impact of (trans)gender on the identification of human remains was examined by a narrative literature review under special consideration of the prevalences of transgender identities in general populations and in the group of unidentified deceased; possible actions to avoid problems in the postmortem identification of transgender persons in forensic practice are being proposed. One can assume that 1 of 200 people in the United States, the European Union and comparable societies is transgender with an opposite-sex identification, and 2 to 3 of 100 people live outside the typical female/male binary, with numbers increasing. If legally possible, an increasing number of transgender individuals will change their name and gender in civil registration. Transgender individuals are likely to be overrepresented in suicides and in victims of homicides. Although there are no precise data on the prevalence of transgender individuals in the group of unidentified deceased, the remarkably high reported prevalence in the general population and the over-representation of transgender individuals in suicides and homicides suggest that the topic is relevant to forensic practice. An autopsy does not always provide evidence of transgender identity, for example in skeletal remains. Particularly in unsolved cases, the possibility that an unidentified person may have been transgender should be considered. Knowledge and awareness of forensic practitioners on this topic should be strengthened by research and training. Databases and data reporting should be optimized. Recording in antemortem databases should clearly distinguish between ‘biological sex’ and ‘apparent sex /lived gender identity’. When collecting postmortem data, a clear distinction should be made between “chromosomal sex” and “sex based on morphological findings”.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable (review article).
Evaluating a motor progression connectivity model across Parkinson’s disease stages
Authors: Hacker Mallory L. , Isaacs David A. , Rajamani Nanditha , Pazira Kian , Abdou Eli , Sharp Sheffield , Davis Thomas L. , Hedera Peter , Phibbs Fenna T. , Charles David , Horn Andreas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Stimulation of a specific site in the dorsolateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) was recently associated with slower motor progression in Parkinson’s Disease (PD), based on the deep brain stimulation (DBS) in early-stage PD pilot clinical trial. Here, subject-level visualizations are presented of this early-stage PD dataset to further describe the relationship between active contacts and motor progression. This study also evaluates whether stimulation of the sweet spot and connectivity model associated with slower motor progression is also associated with improvements in long-term motor outcomes in patients with advanced-stage PD.

Methods
Active contacts of the early-stage PD cohort (N = 14) were analyzed alongside the degree of two-year motor progression. Sweet spot and connectivity models derived from the early-stage PD cohort were then used to determine how well they can estimate the variance in long-term motor outcomes in an independent STN-DBS cohort of advanced-stage PD patients (N = 29).

Results
In early-stage PD, proximity of stimulation to the dorsolateral STN was associated with slower motor progression. In advanced-stage PD, stimulation proximity to the early PD connectivity model and sweet spot were associated with better long-term motor outcomes (R = 0.60, P < 0.001; R = 0.37, P = 0.046, respectively).

Conclusions
Results suggest stimulation of a specific site in the dorsolateral STN is associated with both slower motor progression and long-term motor improvements in PD.
Postoperative bleeding after dentoalveolar surgery in patients with thrombocytopenia—are prophylactic platelet transfusions necessary?
Authors: Lundström Johan , Wiqvist Samuel , Jädersten Martin , Tollemar Victor , Legert Karin Garming 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Benefits of prophylactic platelet (PLT) transfusion before dentoalveolar surgery are unclear. This study investigated the effect of prophylactic PLT transfusions on the incidence of postoperative bleeding (POB) in patients with thrombocytopenia and a PLT count ≤ 75*109/L.

Methods
The cohort in this retrospective study comprised 83 patients with thrombocytopenia ≤ 75*109/L who had undergone dentoalveolar surgery. Exclusion criteria were other coagulation deficiencies or medications that would affect hemostasis. In all, 144 teeth had been removed. POB events were extracted and compared between the group that had received prophylactic PLT transfusion before dentoalveolar surgery and the group that had not.

Results
POB events were observed in 5 of 83 patients (6.0%) who had a median PLT count of 35*109/L before any transfusion. The group with no postoperative bleeding (NPOB) had a median PLT count of 34*109/L. Two (4.2%) of the 48 patients who had received prophylactic PLT transfusions before dentoalveolar surgery developed POB. Three (8.6%) of the 35 patients who had not received a transfusion experienced POB. The difference between these two groups was not significant (p = 0.646). When two or more teeth were removed in the same session, a significantly higher incidence of POB was observed (p = 0.042).

Conclusions
Our data indicate that prophylactic PLT transfusions in thrombocytopenic patients with PLT counts ≤ 75*109/L do not reduce the incidence of POB after dentoalveolar surgery. However, caution is warranted when extracting multiple teeth in the same surgical session since we found this to be significantly associated with an increased risk of POB.
Conditions for tractability of the weighted $$L_p$$-discrepancy and integration in non-homogeneous tensor product spaces
Authors: Novak Erich , Pillichshammer Friedrich 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We study tractability properties of the weighted

$$L_p$$

L
p

-discrepancy, where the weights model the influence of different coordinates. A discrepancy is said to be tractable if the minimal number N of points, such that the discrepancy is less than the initial discrepancy times an error threshold

$$\varepsilon $$

ε

, does not grow exponentially fast with the dimension and

$$\varepsilon ^{-1}$$

ε

-
1

. In this case there are various notions of tractabilities used in order to classify the exact rate. In the present paper we prove matching sufficient conditions (upper bounds) and neccessary conditions (lower bounds) for polynomial and weak tractability for all

$$p \in (1, \infty )$$

p
∈
(
1
,
∞
)

and we prove a necessary condition for strong polynomial tractability. The proofs of the lower bounds are based on a powerful general result for the information complexity of integration with positive quadrature rules for tensor product spaces. As a second application of this general result we consider the integration of polynomials of degree at most 2.
Facile photometric quantification of aldehyde content in oxidized starches using 2-aminobenzamide oxime as an aldehyde selective reagent
Authors: Kalaus Hubert , Scheibelreiter Verena , Seidl Bernhard , Kozich Martin , Stanetty Christian , Mihovilovic Marko D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe oxidation of starch to aldehyde starch or dialdehyde starch introduces aldehyde groups to the starch core structure. This functionalization enables a wide range of further derivatization, e.g., oxidation to the corresponding carboxylic acid or functionalization to the corresponding amine via imine formation and reduction, which can be used for cross-linking. Herein, we report a novel method for efficiently quantifying these aldehyde groups based on the selective adduct formation of 2-aminobenzamide oxime (ABAO) and aldehydes. We initially implemented this photometric assay for C6-oxidized aldehyde starch using a plate reader, enabling parallel analysis of multiple samples in a fraction of the time and consistent with the conventional titration methods. Complementing this stream-lined analytical approach, we present an abbreviated workflow for faster downstream processing of reaction samples toward analysis. All of this was performed at a very small scale, cutting costs for (expensive) reagents and solvents, as well as drastically reducing working time. Finally, we also demonstrate our assay's applicability for quantifying the two aldehyde groups formed in dialdehyde starch derived from NaIO4 oxidation.
Graphical abstract
Inkjet assisted manufacturing of untethered magnetic devices: A comparison between three routes to pattern artificial water striders
Authors: Kołczyk-Siedlecka Karolina , Bernasconi Roberto , Zabinski Piotr R. , Magagnin Luca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUntethered devices controlled by an external magnetic field are becoming more and more widely used in a wealth of applicative fields: medicine, precise micromanipulation, and environment management. Their production strongly relies on the use of complex and time-consuming technologies typically borrowed from the microelectronic field. In an attempt to reduce costs and enhance manufacturing flexibility, additive manufacturing has been investigated as a relevant alternative for untethered microrobots production. Between the large number of additive manufacturing technologies, inkjet printing is relatively poorly investigated for the production of this kind of devices, and the present work aims at exploring its potential. The work establishes a comparison between different approaches for the inkjet manufacturing of magnetically guidable microdevices. In particular, it focuses on the manufacturing of fully inkjet-printed magnetic devices by proposing two methods of production. The first consists in the electroless metallization of non-magnetic devices printed with SU-8 resin, while the second is based on the inkjet printing of a dispersion of magnetic nanoparticles in SU-8 resin. As a result, inkjet-printed devices controllable by an external magnetic field can be obtained. Multi-step and one-step production methods are compared in terms of quality of the obtained elements, easiness of production, and mechanical properties. The morphology of the finished devices, their surface quality, and their magnetic actuability are analyzed and discussed.
„Exsanguination“ nach multiplen Messerverletzungen im ländlichen Raum – Fallbericht einer erfolgreichen prähospitalen Transfusion durch den gezielten Einsatz von speziellen Rettungsmitteln
Authors: Uzun Davut Deniz , von der Forst Maik , Simon Christoph , Fricke Jonas , Dietrich Maximilian , Popp Erik , Katzenschlager Stephan 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungSchwere Traumata stellen ein medizinisches und sozioökonomisches Problem mit hohen medizinischen und einsatztaktischen Ansprüchen dar. Es wird ein prähospitaler Fall mit multiplen penetrierenden Verletzungen präsentiert, bei dem die frühzeitige Hämotherapie am Unfallort zu einer Stabilisierung des klinischen Zustands führte, einen sicheren Transport ermöglichte und im Überleben ohne neurologisches Defizit resultierte.
Can unstimulated whole salivary flow objectively classify salivary gland secretory function in Sjögren’s syndrome?
Authors: Peng Li-Qin , Chen Xing-Huan , Yang Wen-Jing , Huang Wen-Ke , Ouyang Zhi-Ming , Cai Li-Yuan , Dai Lie , Mo Ying-Qian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Introduction
The aim of this study is to investigate whether the testing time for unstimulated whole salivary flow (UWSF) can be shortened to 5 min in patients with suspected Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS); and which SjS patients can use UWSF to evaluate salivary gland (SG) secretory function.

Method
A diagnostic cohort comprising suspected SjS patients was conducted to investigate the correlation between UWSF measurements taken at 10 min (UWSF_10 min) and those taken at 5 min (UWSF_5 min). A group of SjS patients was enrolled for a comparison between UWSF and stimulated whole salivary flow (SWSF).

Results
In 734 suspected SjS patients, there was a remarkably high concordance between UWSF_10 min and UWSF_5 min (ICC 0.970, P < 0.001; r 0.973, P < 0.001). Reducing the testing time for UWSF to 5 min resulted in a high PPV of 83.8% and an exceptionally high NPV of 98.7%. In 408 SjS patients, the cut-off values of UWSF_10 min were investigated to classify SG secretory function. Using a threshold of > 0.2 mL/min (36.8%, 150/408) instead of SWSF > 0.7 mL/min (indicating mild secretory hypofunction), the specificity and PPV were found to be 94.2% and 94.0%, respectively; and using a threshold of < 0.05 mL/min (16.9%, 69/408) instead of SWSF ≤ 0.7 mL/min (indicating moderate to severe secretory hypofunction), the specificity was remarkably high at 97.6%, accompanied by a high PPV of 91.3%.

Conclusions
This study supports the possibility of reducing UWSF testing time to 5 min; and the SWSF test may be skipped for SjS patients with USWF > 0.2 mL/min, indicating mild secretory hypofunction, or < 0.05 mL/min, indicating moderate to severe secretory hypofunction.

Key Points•A diagnostic cohort of 734 patients with clinical suspicion of SjS provides compelling evidence for the potential to reduce the testing time for UWSF from 10 to 5 min.•Our finding challenges the 2019 treatment recommendation for SjS, which does not require SWSF measurement in SjS patients with UWSF ≥ 0.1 mL/min.•We propose that it may be feasible to consider utilizing UWSF instead of SWSF test for objective classification of SG secretory function in over half of SjS patients.
Elevated serum mtDNA in COVID-19 patients is linked to SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein targeting mitochondrial VDAC1, inducing apoptosis and mtDNA release
Authors: Shteinfer-Kuzmine Anna , Verma Ankit , Bornshten Rut , Ben Chetrit Eli , Ben-Ya’acov Ami , Pahima Hadas , Rubin Ethan , Mograbi Yosef , Shteyer Eyal , Shoshan-Barmatz Varda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMitochondria dysfunction is implicated in cell death, inflammation, and autoimmunity. During viral infections, some viruses employ different strategies to disrupt mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, while others, including SARS-CoV-2, induce host cell apoptosis to facilitate replication and immune system modulation. Given mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNA) role as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern in inflammatory diseases, we examined its levels in the serum of COVID-19 patients and found it to be high relative to levels in healthy donors. Furthermore, comparison of serum protein profiles between healthy individuals and SARS-CoV-2-infected patients revealed unique bands in the COVID-19 patients. Using mass spectroscopy, we identified over 15 proteins, whose levels in the serum of COVID-19 patients were 4- to 780-fold higher. As mtDNA release from the mitochondria is mediated by the oligomeric form of the mitochondrial-gatekeeper—the voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 1 (VDAC1)—we investigated whether SARS-CoV-2 protein alters VDAC1 expression. Among the three selected SARS-CoV-2 proteins, small envelope (E), nucleocapsid (N), and accessory 3b proteins, the E-protein induced VDAC1 overexpression, VDAC1 oligomerization, cell death, and mtDNA release. Additionally, this protein led to mitochondrial dysfunction, as evidenced by increased mitochondrial ROS production and cytosolic Ca2+ levels. These findings suggest that SARS-CoV-2 E-protein induces mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and mtDNA release via VDAC1 modulation. mtDNA that accumulates in the blood activates the cGAS-STING pathway, triggering inflammatory cytokine and chemokine expression that contribute to the cytokine storm and tissue damage seen in cases of severe COVID-19.