bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring psychosocial factors in the functional recovery of children with severe mental disorders: A qualitative content analysis
Authors: Ganie Aasim Ur Rehman , Thirumoorthy Ammapattian , Jangam Kavita V , John Vijay Sagar Kommu 
Published: September 2024

Background Severe mental disorders during childhood and adolescence can be chronic and disturbing, and may result in serious impairments in functioning. Research on the influence of such factors in the functional recovery of children diagnosed with severe mental illnesses is scant. This study aims to enhance understanding of the patterns and descriptions of social factors in the optimal functioning of children with severe mental illnesses. Methods We performed content analysis on 69 medical files of children taking treatment from Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (from 2018 to 2020). We analyzed the medical files using the summative approach by identifying and quantifying certain words and phrases. The Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) and data abstraction form were used to record the functioning profile and quantitative data. Socio-demographic and clinical variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results A total of three major and ten sub-categories were identified from the data. The most striking categories in psychosocial environments were intrapersonal challenges, adverse living and relationship spaces, and outer structures and systems. Moderate to severe functional impairments were retrospectively observed among children. Conclusion Children diagnosed with severe mental illnesses and with poor functioning are the most affected group of population and hence, require proper attention.
Hemodynamics of the Frontopolar and Dorsolateral Pre-Frontal Cortex in People with Multiple Sclerosis During Walking, Cognitive Subtraction, and Cognitive-Motor Dual-Task
Authors: Santinelli Felipe Balistieri , Veldkamp Renee , Vitório Rodrigo , Kos Daphne , Vos Maxine , Nijssen Ruth , DeLuca John , Ramari Cintia , Feys Peter 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Higher cortical activity has been observed in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) during walking and dual-tasking. However, further studies in overground walking and considering pre-frontal cortex (PFC) sub-areas are necessary. Objectives To investigate PFC activity during a cognitive-motor dual-task (DT) and its single component tasks, in combination with behavioral outcomes in pwMS. Methods Fifteen pwMS (EDSS 3.5 [2-5.5], 42 ± 11 years) and 16 healthy controls (HC, 45.2 ± 13.2 years) performed 3 conditions: single motor-walking (SWT), single cognitive – subtracting sevens (SCT), and a DT. Meters walked and the number of correct answers were obtained from which, respectively, the motor (mDTC) and cognitive (cDTC) DT costs were calculated. A functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy covering the frontopolar and dorsolateral PFC (DLPFC) areas was used to concentration of relative oxyhemoglobin (ΔHbO2) and deoxyhemoglobin (ΔHHb) in the PFC. A repeated 2-way ANOVA (group × conditions) was used to compare ΔHbO2/ΔHHb and behavioral outcomes. Results PwMS walked shorter distances ( P < .002) and answered fewer correct numbers ( P < .03) than HC in all conditions, while cDTC and mDTC were similar between groups. PwMS presented higher ΔHbO2 in the frontopolar area than HC in the SWT ( P < .001). HC increased ΔHbO2 in frontopolar during the SCT ( P < .029) and DT ( P < .037) compared with the SWT. Conclusion Higher frontopolar activity in pwMS compared to HC in the SWT suggests reduced gait automaticity. Furthermore, it seems that only HC increased neural activity in the frontopolar in the SCT and DT, which might suggest a limit of cognitive resources to respond to DT in pwMS.
Neural Adaptation of the Reward System in Primary Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Hsu Pei-Shan , Liu Ching-Hsiung , Yang Ching-Ju , Lee Lin-Chien , Li Wei-Chi , Chao Hsiang-Tai , Chen Li-Fen , Hsieh Jen-Chuen 
Published: September 2024

Introduction The brain's reward system (RS) reacts differently to pain and its alleviation. This study examined the correlation between RS activity and behavior during both painful and pain-free periods in individuals with primary dysmenorrhea (PDM) to elucidate their adaptive and maladaptive responses throughout the menstrual cycle. Methods Ninety-two individuals with PDM and 90 control participants underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) scans during their menstrual and peri-ovulatory phases. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) and amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) analyses were used to evaluate RS responses. Psychological evaluations were conducted using the McGill Pain Questionnaire and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale. Results ReHo analysis showed higher values in the left putamen and right amygdala of the PDM group during the peri-ovulatory phase compared to the menstrual phase. ALFF analysis revealed lower values in the putamen of the PDM group compared to controls, regardless of phase. ReHo and ALFF values in the putamen, amygdala, and nucleus accumbens were positively correlated with pain scales during menstruation, while ALFF values in the ventral tegmental area inversely correlated with pain intensity. Those with severe PDM (pain intensity ≥ 7) displayed distinct amygdala ALFF patterns between pain and pain-free phases. PDM participants also had lower ReHo values in the left insula during menstruation, with no direct correlation to pain compared to controls. Discussion Our study highlights the pivotal role of the RS in dysmenorrhea management, exhibiting varied responses between menstrual discomfort and non-painful periods among individuals with PDM. During menstruation, the RS triggers mechanisms for pain avoidance and cognitive coping strategies, while it transitions to processing rewards during the peri-ovulatory phase. This demonstrates the flexibility of the RS in adapting to the recurring pain experienced by those with PDM.
Deep and unbiased proteomics, pathway enrichment analysis, and protein–protein interaction of biomarker signatures in migraine
Authors: Woldeamanuel Yohannes W. , Sanjanwala Bharati M. , Cowan Robert P. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Currently, there are no biomarkers for migraine. Objectives: We aimed to identify proteomic biomarker signatures for diagnosing, subclassifying, and predicting treatment response in migraine. Design: This is a cross-sectional and longitudinal study of untargeted serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics in episodic migraine (EM; n = 26), chronic migraine (CM; n = 26), and healthy controls (HC; n = 26). Methods: We developed classification models for biomarker identification and natural clusters through unsupervised classification using agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC). Pathway analysis of differentially expressed proteins was performed. Results: Of 405 CSF proteins, the top five proteins that discriminated between migraine patients and HC were angiotensinogen, cell adhesion molecule 3, immunoglobulin heavy variable (IGHV) V-III region JON, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 6 (IGFBP-6), and IGFBP-7. The top-performing classifier demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 75% specificity in differentiating the two groups. Of 229 serum proteins, the top five proteins in classifying patients with migraine were immunoglobulin heavy variable 3-74 (IGHV 3-74), proteoglycan 4, immunoglobulin kappa variable 3D-15, zinc finger protein (ZFP)-814, and mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 12. The best-performing classifier exhibited 94% sensitivity and 92% specificity. AHC separated EM, CM, and HC into distinct clusters with 90% success. Migraine patients exhibited increased ZFP-814 and calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha 1F (CACNA1F) levels, while IGHV 3-74 levels decreased in both cross-sectional and longitudinal serum analyses. ZFP-814 remained upregulated during the CM-to-EM reversion but was suppressed when CM persisted. CACNA1F was pronounced in CM persistence. Pathway analysis revealed immune, coagulation, glucose metabolism, erythrocyte oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange, and insulin-like growth factor regulation pathways. Conclusion: Our data-driven study provides evidence for identifying novel proteomic biomarker signatures to diagnose, subclassify, and predict treatment responses for migraine. The dysregulated biomolecules affect multiple pathways, leading to cortical spreading depression, trigeminal nociceptor sensitization, oxidative stress, blood–brain barrier disruption, immune response, and coagulation cascades. Trial registration: NCT03231241, ClincialTrials.gov.
Pattern of eye trauma among pediatric ophthalmic patients in upper and lower Egypt: A prospective two-center medicolegal study
Authors: Farag Amina A , Amer Ahmed Ali Ahmed , Bayomy Hanaa E , Youssef Gehad H , Hassan Nader HF , Ismail Nesma S , Anwer Omnia M , Elroby Fadwa A 
Published: September 2024

Background: Ocular trauma is the leading cause of monocular blindness in children. This study aimed to identify and compare pediatric ocular injuries at two national university hospitals: Benha University Hospital (BUH) and South Valley University Hospital (SVUH) while evaluating the predictive utility of the Ocular Trauma Score (OTS) for post-traumatic permanent visual infirmity. Design and methods: This multicenter observational study enrolled children under 18 years at BUH and SVUH Ophthalmology Departments from May 31 to December 31, 2022. Comprehensive medical histories and detailed data on eye trauma were obtained, with each undergoing thorough eye examinations at the initial presentation and during the 6-month follow-up period. The final visual outcome was permanent visual infirmity that was defined as the Best Corrected Visual Acuity in the better eye worse than 3/60 or near vision worse than N6 according to the International Classification of Diseases 11. Results: The study included 120 cases evenly distributed between the two hospitals, with a mean age of 10.03 (±3.30) years, 74.17% male and 51.67% urban residents. Blunt, sharp, and foreign objects were the most common causes (39.17%, 33.33%, and 11.67%, respectively). Closed-globe injuries prevailed at BUH (83.33%) than SVUH (40.0%). Most injuries were accidental and outdoors, with an average interval of 9.93 (±23.57) hours to seek medical care. Lack of education, open-globe injuries, poor initial visual acuity, longer intervals from admission to intervention, and lower OTS were associated with visual impairment.
Predictors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Etzel Christine M. , Meghani Ozair , Owens Brett D. , Kocher Mininder S. , Field Alison E. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury in youth can lead to expensive treatment, lengthy rehabilitation, and long-term impairment. Injuries to the ACL are more common in adolescents who participate in organized sports. Purpose: To examine whether there is an association between age, physical activity patterns, pubertal timing (Tanner stage), or body mass index (obesity/overweight status) and the risk of developing an ACL injury in youth. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Data from the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS), a prospective cohort study of youth throughout the United States, were used in this study. From 1996 to 2003, questionnaires were sent to GUTS participants every 12 to 18 months to assess a variety of self-reported factors; in a related 2004 questionnaire, ACL tears and other diagnoses among the participants were reported. Cox proportional hazard models were run to determine the sex-specific association of activity patterns and pubertal timing with risk of developing an ACL tear. Results: A total of 4519 boys and 5622 girls (age: 9-15 years) were included, with 2.4% and 2.0% sustaining an ACL injury, respectively. Age was found to be a significant risk factor for ACL injury in both sexes (male: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.30 [95% CI, 1.14-1.48]; female: HR = 1.23 [95% CI, 1.10-1.38]). Mean hours per week engaged in vigorous activity was also predictive of a higher risk of ACL injury (male: HR = 1.04 [95% CI, 1.01-1.08]; female: HR = 1.10 [95% CI, 1.07-1.14]). The sports that were the most predictive of injury were running, basketball, soccer, and cheerleading/gymnastics in girls and running, football, and karate/martial arts in boys. Additionally, in boys, overweight/obese status was found to be a significant predictor of ACL injury (HR = 2.61 [95% CI, 1.60-4.26]). Furthermore, among 9- to 13-year-old girls, advanced Tanner stage was a strong predictor of injury risk (HR = 2.43 [95% CI, 1.10-5.36]). Conclusion: Age, time engaged in vigorous activity, overweight/obese status, and advanced Tanner stage were associated with an increased risk of ACL injury in young adults and adolescents. Further research with follow-up data will help complement this study and continue to highlight the risk factors associated with ACL reconstruction in adolescents and young adults.
A Qualitative Study of Naturally Living Parents and Child Oral Health: Omissions and Commissions
Authors: McLean C. , Slack-Smith L. , Matic Girard I. , Ward P.R. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Oral health continues to be one of the most common and costly diseases in early childhood, and there is a need for further, innovative research. Purpose: We explored the ways naturally living parents (those who embody the “natural” within their parenting ideology and behavior) navigated and perceived their children’s oral health. Methods: Twelve participants who identified as being “naturally living parents” participated in semistructured interviews. Data were thematically analyzed, and findings were aligned to an omissions and commissions framework to exhibit the complexity of parent decision-making. Results: Parents performed distinct omissions, including omitting fluoride, sugar, and “toxins” to maintain their children’s oral health. Parents talked about having a commitment to knowledge building to protect their children’s oral health (e.g., ingredient label reading and increasing knowledge of “safe” ingredients). Findings also provide insight into how parents consider and trust health information and health care providers and ways they gather information relating to oral health. Conclusions: Analysis indicated that although parents navigated both omissions and commissions, omissions were more overtly present. Compared to previous health research using this framework, omissions and commissions were not as clearly demarcated in relation to oral health. The results show that oral health is a complex interplay of omissions and commissions, and parents must navigate not only discrete elements that affect the oral health of their children but also how these are influenced by considerations including social well-being. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The study highlights the need for dentists and early childhood health professionals to consider the complex way some parents perceive, inform, and rationalize decisions regarding their children’s oral health. There is a need for nuance when considering children’s oral health and naturally living parenting, especially in relation to effectively communicating health information that fosters trust and is considerate of broader lifestyle and health factors.
Effectiveness of anti-IL5/5Rα biologics in severe asthma in real world studies: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kyriakopoulos Christos , Papadopoulou Efthymia , Potonos Dimitrios , Exarchos Konstantinos , Beris Evangelos , Aggelopoulou Christina , Tryfon Stavros , Gogali Athena , Kostikas Konstantinos 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThree biologics targeting interleukin 5 (anti-IL5) or its receptor-α (anti-IL5Ra) are approved for patients with severe asthma.MethodsWe conducted a systematic search until May 1, 2023, to identify observational studies and non-randomised trials that assess the response to anti-IL5/5Rα of real-life patients with severe eosinophilic asthma in MEDLINE and EMBASE. We performed random-effects meta-analyses.ResultsWe identified 6,401 studies of which 92 with 9546 patients were analysed. Biologics use was associated with 62% reduction in severe exacerbations (risk ratio, RR, 0.38, 95%CI 0.29 to 0.50) and 54% reduction in hospitalisations (RR 0.46, 95%CI 0.35 to 0.61) at 12 months of treatment, compared to pre-treatment. Biologics improved asthma control [decrease in asthma control questionnaire (ACQ) by 1.11 points (95%CI −1.29 to −0.94) and increase in asthma control test (ACT) by 6.41 points (95%CI 5.66 to 7.16)], and increased the asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ) by 1.08 points (95%CI 0.88 to 1.28) and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) by 0.21 L (95% CI 0.15 to 0.27) at 12 months. There was a significant reduction in oral corticosteroids use by 51% (RR 0.49, 95%CI 0.42 to 0.56), with a mean dose reduction of 6.01 mg/d (95%CI −7.55 to −4.48) at 12 months of treatment. Similar findings were observed at 3–4, 6 and 24 months. Biomarker-related response to treatment was also noted.ConclusionsThis comprehensive meta-analysis summarises the significant clinical response to anti-IL5/5Rα biologics in real-life studies, providing important insights for clinical practice use of these agents.
Conductivity optimisation of graphene oxide-M13 bacteriophage nanocomposites: towards graphene-based gas micronano-sensors
Authors: Stokes Kate , Sun Yiwei , Thomas Jarrod L. , Passaretti Paolo , White Henry , Goldberg Oppenheimer Pola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGraphene oxide (GO) and M13 bacteriophage can self-assemble to form ultra-low density porous structures, known as GraPhage13 aerogels (GPA). Due to the insulating nature of GPA and the challenges in producing highly conductive aerogels, it is paramount to explore ways to enhance the conductivity of GPA. Herein, we have developed a method to enhance the conductivity of GPA, via the integration and optimisation of 5 nm and 20 nm diameter gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into the aerogel structure and systematically analysed the morphology, composition and spectroscopic properties of the resulting GPA-Au nanocomposite. The fabricated GPA-Au nanocomposites exhibited remarkable increases in conductivity, with the integration of 5 nm AuNPs leading to a 53-fold increase compared to GPA, achieving a performance of up to 360 nS/cm, which is within the range suitable for miniaturised semiconductor devices. The mechanism behind the conductivity enhancement was further investigated and attributed to GO-AuNP interactions increasing the carrier density by introducing new energy levels in the GO band gap or shifting its Fermi level towards the conduction band. These findings demonstrate the potential of functionalised AuNPs to significantly improve the electrical properties of GPA, paving the way for their application in gas sensors for biological and chemical detection and a new range of advanced semiconductor devices.
Fluocinolone acetonide 0.18-mg implant for treatment of recurrent inflammation due to non-infectious uveitis: a case series of 15 patients
Authors: Sisk Robert A. , Kiernan Daniel F. , Almeida David , Kolomeyer Anton M. , Eichenbaum David , Kitchens John W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Uncontrolled non-infectious uveitis affecting the posterior segment (NIU-PS) can lead to vision loss due to repeated bouts of inflammation and consequent tissue damage. Patients with chronic NIU-PS who experience recurrent uveitis after being treated with systemic and short-acting local corticosteroids may benefit from the sustained-release 0.18-mg fluocinolone acetonide implant (FAi).

Methods
In this case series, 18 eyes with chronic, recurrent NIU-PS and cystoid macular edema (CME) treated with the 0.18-mg FAi were analyzed retrospectively. Data on patient demographics, clinical history, previous and concomitant treatments for uveitis recurrence, time to and number of uveitis recurrences, intraocular pressure (IOP), central subfield thickness (CST), and visual acuity (VA) were collected and summarized.

Results
A majority of patients (14/15 [93%]) had a history of ocular surgery, largely cataract extraction, and all developed chronic and recurrent NIU-PS and CME. At baseline, patients had a mean age of 72 years (range: 46 to 93), were 53% male, and had a mean duration of NIU-PS of 3 years (range: 1 to 19). Patients were followed for an average of 16.5 months (range: 2 to 42.5 months) post FAi. Eleven of the 18 eyes (61%) had ≥ 5 recurrences of uveitis since diagnosis, with an average time to recurrence of approximately 12 weeks (range: 1 to 27). All eyes treated with the 0.18-mg FAi showed reduced NIU-PS recurrence and visual and anatomical improvement, as measured by VA and CST, respectively. Two eyes had an IOP elevation that was managed with topical therapy, and one eye was treated with topical prednisolone for additional inflammation management. Two eyes required adjunct therapy with short-acting intravitreal corticosteroids at 7 and 16 weeks for NIU-PS recurrence after 0.18-mg FAi insertion.

Conclusion
After receiving the 0.18-mg FAi, eyes with uncontrolled NIU-PS had sustained resolution of CME and inflammation with limited need for supplementary steroid drops or injections and minimal steroid class-specific adverse effects; none required incisional IOP-lowering surgery.
Mouse blood cells types and aging prediction using penalized Latent Dirichlet Allocation
Authors: Wu Xiaotian , Teo Yee Voan , Neretti Nicola , Wu Zhijin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Aging is a complex, heterogeneous process that has multiple causes. Knowledge on genomic, epigenomic and transcriptomic changes during the aging process shed light on understanding the aging mechanism. A recent breakthrough in biotechnology, single cell RNAseq, is revolutionizing aging study by providing gene expression profile of the entire transcriptome of individual cells. Many interesting information could be inferred from this new type of data with the help of novel computational methods.

Results
In this manuscript a novel statistical method, penalized Latent Dirichlet Allocation (pLDA), is applied to an aging mouse blood scRNA-seq data set. A pipeline is built for cell type and aging prediction. The sequence of models in the pipeline take scRNA-seq expression counts as input, preprocess the data using pLDA and predict the cell type and aging status.

Conclusions
pLDA learns a dimension reduced representation of the expression profile. This representation allows identification of cell types and has predictability of the age of cells.