bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOAKTIVITAS Crotalaria striata DC DAN Cinnamomum cullilawan Bl TERHADAP SEL KANKER SERVIKS HeLa
Authors: Nurrani Lis , Tabba Supratman , Irawan Arif 
Published: September 2016

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Kanker serviks merupakan jenis kanker mematikan yang secara spesifik menyerang kaum wanita. Berbagai cara pencegahan dilakukan terhadap penyakit ini melalui deteksi dini dengan menggunakan alat-alat kedokteran yang canggih, hingga penggunaan bahan-bahan alami yang berasal dari berbagai macam tumbuhan dengan cara-cara tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bioaktivitas kulit kayu lawang (Cinnamomun cullilawan), dan daun kuhung-kuhung (Crotalaria striata) terhadap sel kanker serviks HeLa (ATCC CCl 2). Serbuk sampel dimaserasi dengan pelarut polar etanol kualitas teknis 70% dengan perbandingan 1:5 selama 24 jam. Konsentrasi ekstrak yang dimasukkan ke dalam cawan petri yang mengandung sel kanker adalah 25, 50, 100, 200 dan 500 µg ml<sup>-1</sup>. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun C. striata memiliki aktivitas antikanker serviks lebih baik dibandingkan ekstrak kulit C. cullilawan. Ekstrak daun C. striata mampu membunuh sel kanker HeLa pada konsentrasi 635,289 µg ml<sup>-1</sup>, sedangkan ekstrak kulit kayu C. cullilawan baru mampu membunuh sel kanker HeLa dengan nilai IC<sub>50 </sub>sebesar 1.435,79 µg ml<sup>-1</sup> (&gt;1.000 µg ml<sup>-1</sup>). Kedua ekstrak tersebut tidak mengandung senyawa alfatokoferol dan quercetin.</p>
EVALUASI EFIKASI FORMULA Pseudomonas fluorescens UNTUK PENGENDALIAN PENYAKIT LAYU BAKTERI (Ralstonia solanacearum) NILAM
Authors: Nasrun NFN , Burhanuddin NFN 
Published: September 2016

<p class="IsiabstrakIndonesia">Penyakit layu bakteri (<em>Ralstonia solanacearum</em>) merupakan masalah utama tanaman nilam. Pengendalian hayati dengan memanfaatkan <em>Pseudomonas fluorescens</em> untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri nilam perlu dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh masa penyimpanan formula dengan bahan aktif kombinasi <em>P. fluorescens</em> Pf19 dan Pf101 dan efektifitasnya untuk mengendalikan penyakit layu bakteri dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan nilam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di kebun petani di Pasaman Barat Sumatera Barat sejak Maret 2010 sampai Februari 2011. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah lama penyimpanan formula yaitu 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 dan150 hari, dan faktor kedua adalah tingkat umur tanaman yaitu benih, bibit dan tanaman dewasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formula kombinasi <em>P. fluorescens</em> Pf19 dan Pf101 mampu menurunkan perkembangan penyakit layu bakteri dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Formula kombinasi <em>P. fluorescens</em> Pf19 dan Pf101 yang disimpan selama 30 sampai 120 hari yang diaplikasi pada benih dan bibit tanaman nilam efektif dalam mereduksi penyakit layu bakteri dengan masa inkubasi gejala penyakit 134,10-175,00 hari setelah tanam dengan intensitas penyakit 11,31-24,15%, serta meningkatkan produksi daun nilam dengan berat basah 45,97-55,86 g petak<sup>-1</sup> dan berat kering daun 18,82-25,60 g petak<sup>-1</sup>.</p>
Teologia kapłaństwa i urzędu kapłańskiego w I wieku chrześcijaństwa
Authors: Kasprzak Dariusz 
Published: September 2016

Neither the Apostles nor any Christian minister is admitted to use the priest’s title in the text of the New Testament. Nevertheless, in the New Testament we can perceive the development of the doctrine of the priest ministry in the early Church. Albert Vanhoye maintains that the lack of the term “priest” in the New Testament suggests the way of understanding of the Christian ministry, different from this in the Old Testament. It can’t be considered as a continuation of Jewish priesthood, which was concentrated mainly on ritual action and ceremonies. In the first century the Church developed the Christology of priesthood (Hbr) and ecclesiology of priesthood (1 P). Early Christians focused first on the redemptive event of Jesus Christ’s sacrifice and Jesus as the mediator of a new covenant. Only then the religious communities adopted the priest’s title for their ministry.In the early years of the Church, all the ministries were regarded as a charismatic service among the Christian communities. In their services the early Christians followed Jesus Christ sent by God to serve. The Holy Spirit sent by God in the name of Jesus bestowed the spiritual gifts upon the Church (1 Kor 12–13). Consequently the disciples of Jesus and their successors could continue his mission. The Twelve Apostles’ ministry was the very first and most important Christian ministry. It was closely connected to the service of Jesus Christ himself. The Apostles were sent by the authority of Jesus Christ to continue his mission upon earth and they preached the Good News of the risen Christ. The Apostolicity was the fundamental base for every Church ministry established in different Christian communities. Successive ministries were established in order to transmit the teaching of Jesus Christ and to lead the community. For the early Christians the priesthood was not an individual privilege. It had rather the community character.
Organized Labor and Debt Contracting: Firm-Level Evidence from Collective Bargaining
Authors: Cheng Lin 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper employs a firm-level collective bargaining dataset to investigate the effect of labor, as an important stakeholder of a firm, on debt contracting. I conjecture and provide evidence that firms with strong organized labor prefer bank loans to public bonds because, by communicating with banks privately, unionized firms can reduce the adverse selection costs while preserving the information asymmetry with organized labor. Furthermore, I show that organized labor influences the structure of syndicated loans. When firms with strong unions withhold public disclosures, but communicate privately with lead lenders, heightened information asymmetry between the lead lenders and the participant lenders induces the lead lenders to retain larger shares of the loans and form more concentrated syndicates. Overall, this study demonstrates that the proprietary costs of disclosure related to organized labor significantly influence firms' debt contracting decisions and outcomes.
Data Availability: Data are available from sources identified in the text.
Antimicrobial and physical characteristics of orthodontic primers containing antimicrobial agents
Authors: Chung Shin-Hye , Cho Soha , Kim Kyungsun , Lim Bum-Soon , Ahn Sug-Joon 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the antimicrobial and physical properties of experimental primers containing chlorhexidine (CHX) or ursolic acid (UA) with a commercial primer.
Materials and Methods: Two antibacterial agents, 3 mg each of CHX and UA were incorporated respectively into 1 ml of Transbond XT primer (TX) to form antibacterial primers, TX-CHX and TX-UA. The antimicrobial activity of the three primers (TX, TX-CHX, and TX-UA) against Streptococcus mutans in both planktonic and biofilm phases was analyzed by determining minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations and by performing growth and biofilm assays. Growth and biofilm assays were performed in both the absence and presence of thermocycling in a water tank to analyze the effects of water aging on the antimicrobial activities of primers. After bonding brackets onto bovine incisors using the primers, shear bond strength and mode of fracture were analyzed to compare physical properties.
Results: TX-CHX had stronger antimicrobial activity against S. mutans in the planktonic and biofilm phases than did TX or TX-UA. When applied, TX-CHX completely inhibited the growth and biofilm formation of S. mutans. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of TX-CHX was maintained after thermocycling. However, TX-UA did not show significant antimicrobial activity compared with TX. There was no significant difference in either shear bond strength or bond failure interface among the primers.
Conclusion: Incorporation of CHX into an orthodontic primer may help prevent enamel demineralization around surfaces without compromising its physical properties.
Orthodontic treatment stability predictors: A retrospective longitudinal study
Authors: de Bernabé Paloma González-Gil , Montiel-Company José María , Paredes-Gallardo Vanessa , Gandía-Franco Jose Luis , Bellot-Arcís Carlos 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: To examine medium- to long-term orthodontic treatment stability and its possible association with certain variables.Materials and Methods: In a retrospective longitudinal study of 70 postretention patients, the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index was measured at the start (T1) and end (T2) of treatment and between 4 and 10 years afterwards (T3). The stability was considered absolute when the T2 and T3 values were identical and relative when the difference was within the ±5 range.Results: Among the 70 patients, 65.8% were female and 34.2% were male. Their mean age was 14.5 years. The mean treatment length was 2.4 years. The mean retention phase was 3.3 years. The mean pre- and posttreatment PAR scores were 29.8 (T1) and 6.3 (T2). The mean T1–T2 difference was 23.6. The mean T2–T3 difference was −0.39.Conclusions: Within the study, 7.1% presented absolute stability and 68.6% presented relative stability. Lower anterior segment alignment and overbite were the most unstable occlusal features and tended to worsen. Fixed retainer (odds ratio [OR] 0.31; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.10–0.98) as a protective factor and years without retention (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03–1.68) as a risk factor are predictor variables of instability in the case of lower anterior segment alignment. The PAR value at the end of treatment (OR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08–1.54) and extractions (OR 4.76; 95% CI 1.05–21.6) before treatment are predictors for midline instability.
Study suggests it is safe to ease neutropenic restrictions
Authors: Barton Mary Kay 
Published: September 2016

Key Points

Evidence is lacking that the commonly placed restrictions on diet, social contacts, and pets decrease infection rates in patients undergoing intense chemotherapy.
The current study supports the relaxation of neutropenic restrictions.
More research is needed to study social contact and pet restrictions, but major centers have relaxed dietary restrictions and emphasize a common sense approach.
CHANDRA AND SWIFT X-RAY OBSERVATIONS OF THE X-RAY PULSAR SMC X-2 DURING THE OUTBURST OF 2015
Authors: Li K. L. , Hu C.-P , Lin L. C. C. , Kong Albert K. H. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We report the Chandra/HRC-S and Swift/XRT observations for the 2015 outburst of the high-mass X-ray binary pulsar in the Small Magellanic Cloud, SMC X-2. While previous studies suggested that either an O star or a Be star in the field is the high-mass companion of SMC X-2, our Chandra/HRC-S image unambiguously confirms the O-type star as the true optical counterpart. Using the Swift/XRT observations, we extracted accurate orbital parameters of the pulsar binary through a time of arrivals analysis. In addition, there were two X-ray dips near the inferior conjunction, which are possibly caused by eclipses or an ionized high-density shadow wind near the companion’s surface. Finally, we propose that an outflow driven by the radiation pressure from day ∼10 played an important role in the X-ray/optical evolution of the outburst.
THE ROLE OF THE KOZAI–LIDOV MECHANISM IN BLACK HOLE BINARY MERGERS IN GALACTIC CENTERS
Authors: VanLandingham John H. , Miller M. Coleman , Hamilton Douglas P. , Richardson Derek C. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
In order to understand the rate of merger of stellar mass black hole binaries (BHBs) by gravitational wave (GW) emission it is important to determine the major pathways to merger. We use numerical simulations to explore the evolution of BHBs inside the radius of influence of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic centers. In this region, the evolution of binaries is dominated by perturbations from the central SMBH. In particular, as first pointed out by Antonini and Perets, the Kozai–Lidov mechanism trades relative inclination of the BHB to the SMBH for eccentricity of the BHB, and for some orientations can bring the BHB to an eccentricity near unity. At very high eccentricities, GW emission from the BHB can become efficient, causing the members of the BHB to coalesce. We use a novel combination of two N-body codes to follow this evolution. We are required to simulate small systems to follow the behavior accurately. We have completed 400 simulations that range from ∼300 stars around a 103

black hole to ∼4500 stars around a 104

black hole. These simulations are the first to follow the internal orbit of a binary near an SMBH while also following the changes to its external orbit self-consistently. We find that this mechanism could produce mergers at a maximum rate per volume of ∼100 Gpc−3 yr−1 or considerably less if the inclination oscillations of the binary remain constant as the BHB inclination to the SMBH changes, or if the binary black hole fraction is small.
ATMOSPHERE-INTERIOR EXCHANGE ON HOT, ROCKY EXOPLANETS
Authors: Kite Edwin S. , Bruce Fegley Jr.  , Schaefer Laura , Gaidos Eric 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We provide estimates of atmospheric pressure and surface composition on short-period, rocky exoplanets with dayside magma pools and silicate-vapor atmospheres. Atmospheric pressure tends toward vapor-pressure equilibrium with surface magma, and magma-surface composition is set by the competing effects of fractional vaporization and surface-interior exchange. We use basic models to show how surface-interior exchange is controlled by the planet’s temperature, mass, and initial composition. We assume that mantle rock undergoes bulk melting to form the magma pool, and that winds flow radially away from the substellar point. With these assumptions, we find that: (1) atmosphere-interior exchange is fast when the planet’s bulk-silicate FeO concentration is low, and slow when the planet’s bulk-silicate FeO concentration is high; (2) magma pools are compositionally well mixed for substellar temperatures ≲2400 K, but compositionally variegated and rapidly variable for substellar temperatures ≳2400 K; (3) currents within the magma pool tend to cool the top of the solid mantle (“tectonic refrigeration”); (4) contrary to earlier work, many magma planets have time-variable surface compositions.
Visual and Refractive Outcomes of Photorefractive Keratectomy and Small Incision Lenticule Extraction (SMILE) for Myopia
Authors: Yildirim Yusuf , Olcucu Onur , Alagoz Cengiz , Basci Abdurrahman , Agca Alper , Yasa Dilek , Ozgurhan Engin Bilge , Demirok Ahmet 
Published: September 2016

PURPOSE:
To compare the refractive outcomes of small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) with photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) using an aberration-free ablation profile.

METHODS:
One eye of patients diagnosed as having myopia for bilateral refractive correction was randomly allocated to either PRK or SMILE. The primary outcome measures included refractive efficacy, predictability, safety, stability, corneal aberrations, and adverse events. Patients were followed up for 1 year postoperatively; postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refraction, and corneal aberrations were recorded and compared with preoperative data.

RESULTS:

Thirty-nine patients in the PRK group and 35 patients in the SMILE group completed the study. The mean preoperative spherical equivalent refractions were −3.27 ± 0.62 diopters (D) for the PRK group and −3.56 ± 1.12 D for the SMILE group. The average postoperative spherical equivalent refractions were −0.26 ± 0.29 and −0.43 ± 0.38 D for the PRK and SMILE groups, respectively (
P
= .06). Total higher order aberrations in the 6-mm central corneal zone were significantly higher in the SMILE group (0.21 ± 0.10
µ
m) than in the PRK group (0.09 ± 0.03
µ
m) (
P
= .01) 12 months postoperatively. However, no statistically significant differences were found among spherical, trefoil, and coma aberrations between the groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
The refractive results of PRK with aberration-free aspheric ablation are similar to those of SMILE in eyes with low myopia. The induction of coma, spherical, and trefoil aberrations did not statistically differ after both surgeries, but the total higher order aberrations after SMILE were significantly higher than PRK with aberration-free aspheric ablation.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(9):604–610.]
Asymmetric Corneal Flattening Effect After Small Incision Cataract Surgery
Authors: Alpins Noel , Ong James K. Y. , Stamatelatos George 
Published: September 2016

PURPOSE:
To determine whether the flattening effect of corneal incisions differs between the right and left eye.

METHODS:
A retrospective study of preoperative and postoperative corneal astigmatism was performed for patients who had bilateral cataract surgery by a right-handed surgeon. The change in corneal astigmatism was attributed to the 2.2-mm phacoemulsification incision, and the incisional flattening effect was calculated. The incisions were grouped by position on the eye and whether they were performed on the preoperative steep corneal meridian.

RESULTS:

A total of 1,298 eyes of 649 patients were evaluated. The flattening effect of temporal 2.2-mm incisions performed on the preoperative corneal steep meridian was different for right eyes (0.53 diopters [D]) and left eyes (0.34 D) (
P
= .017). The flattening effect of superior 2.2-mm incisions performed on the preoperative corneal steep meridian was equivalent in the two eyes.

CONCLUSIONS:
The flattening effect of a corneal incision may depend on whether it has been performed on the right or the left eye.

[
J Refract Surg.
2016;32(9):598–603.]
Observation of atmospheric peroxides during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at a rural
site in the North China Plain
Authors: Wang Yin , Chen Zhongming , Wu Qinqin , Liang Hao , Huang Liubin , Li Huan , Lu Keding , Wu Yusheng , Dong Huabin , Zeng Limin , Zhang Yuanhang 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric peroxides were made during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at Wangdu, a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) in summer 2014. The predominant peroxides were detected to be hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) and peroxyacetic acid (PAA). The observed H2O2 reached up to 11.3 ppbv, which was the highest value compared with previous observations in China at summer time. A box model simulation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism and constrained by the simultaneous observations of physical parameters and chemical species was performed to explore the chemical budget of atmospheric peroxides. Photochemical oxidation of alkenes was found to be the major secondary formation pathway of atmospheric peroxides, while contributions from alkanes and aromatics were of minor importance. The comparison of modeled and measured peroxide concentrations revealed an underestimation during biomass burning events and an overestimation on haze days, which were ascribed to the direct production of peroxides from biomass burning and the heterogeneous uptake of peroxides by aerosols, respectively. The strengths of the primary emissions from biomass burning were on the same order of the known secondary production rates of atmospheric peroxides during the biomass burning events. The heterogeneous process on aerosol particles was suggested to be the predominant sink for atmospheric peroxides. The atmospheric lifetime of peroxides on haze days in summer in the NCP was about 2–3 h, which is in good agreement with the laboratory studies. Further comprehensive investigations are necessary to better understand the impact of biomass burning and heterogeneous uptake on the concentration of peroxides in the atmosphere.
A model for the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent parameterized
from the spatial variability of precipitation
Authors: Skaugen Thomas , Weltzien Ingunn H. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Snow is an important and complicated element in hydrological modelling. The traditional catchment hydrological model with its many free calibration parameters, also in snow sub-models, is not a well-suited tool for predicting conditions for which it has not been calibrated. Such conditions include prediction in ungauged basins and assessing hydrological effects of climate change. In this study, a new model for the spatial distribution of snow water equivalent (SWE), parameterized solely from observed spatial variability of precipitation, is compared with the current snow distribution model used in the operational flood forecasting models in Norway. The former model uses a dynamic gamma distribution and is called Snow Distribution_Gamma, (SD_G), whereas the latter model has a fixed, calibrated coefficient of variation, which parameterizes a log-normal model for snow distribution and is called Snow Distribution_Log-Normal (SD_LN). The two models are implemented in the parameter parsimonious rainfall–runoff model Distance Distribution Dynamics (DDD), and their capability for predicting runoff, SWE and snow-covered area (SCA) is tested and compared for 71 Norwegian catchments. The calibration period is 1985–2000 and validation period is 2000–2014. Results show that SD_G better simulates SCA when compared with MODIS satellite-derived snow cover. In addition, SWE is simulated more realistically in that seasonal snow is melted out and the building up of "snow towers" and giving spurious positive trends in SWE, typical for SD_LN, is prevented. The precision of runoff simulations using SD_G is slightly inferior, with a reduction in Nash–Sutcliffe and Kling–Gupta efficiency criterion of 0.01, but it is shown that the high precision in runoff prediction using SD_LN is accompanied with erroneous simulations of SWE.
Identification and Determination of 492 Contaminants of Different Classes in Food and Feed by High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry Using the Standard Addition Method
Authors: Amelin Vasiliy , Korotkov Anton , Andoralov Alexander 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The methodology for the identification and determination of 492 different toxicants from a single sample in food and feed by high-resolution quadrupole time-of-flight MS in combination with HPLC has been presented. The sample preparation is easy. The analytes are pesticides of different classes, including mycotoxins, veterinary drugs, and synthetic dyes. A scheme for the identification and determination of toxicants using the standard addition method has been given. The RSDs of the analytical results presented are ≤0.15, with a 40–60 min sample screening time and a 2–3 h for the determination of the detected toxicants.