bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Location and Grade of Prostate Cancer Diagnosed by Transperineal Template-guided Mapping Biopsy After Negative Transrectal Ultrasound-guided Biopsy
Authors: Bittner Nathan , Merrick Gregory , Taira Al , Bennett Abbey , Schattel Amy , Butler Wayne , Galbreath Robert , Adamovich Edward 
Published: November 2016

Objectives:
To determine the location and grade of prostate cancer diagnosed by transperineal template-guided mapping (TTMB) after negative transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) biopsy.

Materials and Methods:
This analysis consisted of 1118 consecutive patients who underwent TTMB from January 2005 to August 2015. Eight hundred thirty-five underwent TTMB after at least 1 negative TRUS biopsy and 283 underwent TTMB as the first biopsy procedure. The study population was divided into cohorts based on the number of prior TRUS biopsy sessions (0, 1, 2, and ≥3). No patient underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Differences in location and cancer grade detected on TTMB were evaluated as a function of the number of prior TRUS biopsies.

Results:
Of the 1118 patients, 679 were diagnosed with prostate cancer. This included 208, 325, 104, and 42 patients who underwent 0, 1, 2, and ≥3 prior TRUS biopsies. The incidence of cancer detection on TTMB decreased as the number of prior TRUS biopsies increased (73.5% vs. 62.4% vs. 51.7% vs. 37.2%, P<0.001); however, it became increasingly likely that TTMB would detect anterior prostate only as the number of prior TRUS biopsies increased (P=0.007). Moreover, the incidence of high grade cancer (Gleason score ≥7) in the anterior gland increased with the number of previous TRUS biopsies.

Conclusions:
TTMB detected prostate cancer in over half of the patients with one or more negative TRUS biopsies. The majority of TTMB detected cancers were Gleason score ≥7. As the number of prior TRUS biopsies increased, there was a commensurate increase in the proportion of high-grade, anterior only disease.
Safety and Outcome Measures of First-in-Human Intraperitoneal α Radioimmunotherapy With 212Pb-TCMC-Trastuzumab
Authors: Meredith Ruby F. , Torgue Julien J. , Rozgaja Tania A. , Banaga Eileen P. , Bunch Patty W. , Alvarez Ronald D. , Straughn J. Michael , Dobelbower Michael C. , Lowy Andrew M. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
One-year monitoring of patients receiving intraperitoneal (IP) 212Pb-TCMC-trastuzumab to provide long-term safety and outcome data. A secondary objective was to study 7 tumor markers for correlation with outcome.

Methods:
Eighteen patients with relapsed intra-abdominal human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 expressing peritoneal metastases were treated with a single IP infusion of 212Pb-TCMC-trastuzumab, delivered <4 h after 4 mg/kg IV trastuzumab. Seven tumor markers were studied for correlation with outcome.

Results:
Six dose levels (7.4, 9.6, 12.6, 16.3, 21.1, 27.4 MBq/m2) were well tolerated with early possibly agent-related adverse events being mild, transient, and not dose dependent. These included asymptomatic, abnormal laboratory values. No late renal, liver, cardiac, or other toxicity was noted up to 1 year. There were no clinical signs or symptoms of an immune response to 212Pb-TCMC-trastuzumab, and assays to detect an immune response to this conjugate were negative for all tested. Tumor marker studies in ovarian cancer patients showed a trend of decreasing Cancer antigen 72-4 (CA 72-4) aka tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) and tumor growth with increasing administered radioactivity. Other tumor markers, including carbohydrate antigen (CA125), human epididymis protein 4 (HE-4), serum amyloid A (SAA), mesothelin, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) did not correlate with imaging outcome.

Conclusions:
IP 212Pb-TCMC-trastuzumab up to 27 MBq/m2 seems safe for patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis who have failed standard therapies. Serum TAG-72 levels better correlated to imaging changes in ovarian cancer patients than the more common tumor marker, CA125.
Academic Achievement in Adults with a History of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Population-Based Prospective Study
Authors: Voigt Robert G. , Katusic Slavica K. , Colligan Robert C. , Killian Jill M. , Weaver Amy L. , Barbaresi William J. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Previous research on the developmental course of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is limited by biased clinic-referred samples and other methodological problems. Thus, questions about adult academic outcomes associated with childhood ADHD remain unanswered. Thus, the objective of this study was to describe academic outcomes in adulthood among incident cases of research-identified childhood ADHD versus non-ADHD referents from a population-based birth cohort.

Method:
Young adults with research-identified childhood ADHD (N = 232; mean age 27.0 yr; 72.0% men) and referents (N = 335; mean age 28.6 yr; 62.7% men) from a 1976 to 1982 birth cohort (N = 5699) were invited to participate in a followup study and were administered an academic achievement battery consisting of the basic reading component of the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement (WJ-III) and the arithmetic subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test—Third Edition (WRAT-3). Outcomes were compared between the 2 groups using linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and comorbid learning disability status.

Results:
Childhood ADHD cases scored from 3 to 5 grade equivalents lower on all academic tests compared with referents, with mean (SD) standard scores of 95.7 (8.4) versus 101.8 (8.1) in basic reading; 95.0 (9.3) versus 101.9 (8.5) in letterword identification; 98.2 (8.6) versus 103.2 (9.2) in passage comprehension; 95.7 (9.1) versus 100.9 (9.0) in word attack; and 87.8 (12.9) versus 98.0 (12.0) in arithmetic.

Conclusion:
This is the first prospective, population-based study of adult academic outcomes of childhood ADHD. Our data provide evidence that childhood onset ADHD is associated with long-term underachievement in reading and math that may negatively impact ultimate educational attainment and occupational functioning in adulthood.
Surveillance: A Nursing Intervention for Improving Patient Safety in Critical Care Environment
Authors: Pfrimmer Dale M. , Johnson Maren R. , Guthmiller Martha L. , Lehman Joanna L. , Ernste Vickie K. , Rhudy Lori M. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Nursing surveillance has been identified as a key intervention in early recognition and prevention of errors/adverse events. Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC) defines surveillance as “the purposeful and ongoing acquisition, interpretation, and synthesis of patient data for clinical decision making.” Because nurses are the main staffing constant in the critical care environment, the importance of surveillance as an intervention is fundamental.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore how surveillance is expressed by critical care nurses.

Methods:
A descriptive exploratory research design was used. Think-aloud was used for data collection. Twenty-one registered nurses from 3 critical care units participated in the study. Participants were asked to say out loud whatever they were thinking as they performed patient care at 3 time points: during handoff, initial patient assessment, and after 4 hours of care. Think-aloud (saying aloud what one is thinking) represents the information (cues) that is attended to in short-term memory, before it has been processed and stored. Data were analyzed using content analysis with key concepts and themes identified.

Results:
The expression of surveillance was through the main theme of finding meaning. Surveillance involved (a) knowing the patient, (b) shared understanding and decision making, and (c) thinking ahead. The outcomes of these activities were aimed at finding meaning in the cues that emerged as the overarching theme.

Discussion:
Surveillance was expressed through nurses’ gathering cues, reflecting on past knowledge, asking questions, verifying, and pulling it all together to find meaning. During handoff, surveillance involved collaborative cognitive work to find meaning in cues.
AIR TAMPONADE COMBINED WITH NONSUPINE POSITIONING IN MACULAR HOLE SURGERY FOR PSEUDOPHAKIC EYES
Authors: Forsaa Vegard A. , Krohn Jørgen 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To investigate the closure rate of primary full-thickness macular hole, following intraocular air tamponade combined with a nonsupine positioning regimen.

Methods:
A prospective study of patients with full-thickness macular hole, who underwent pars plana vitrectomy with internal limiting membrane peeling and intraocular air tamponade followed by 3 days of nonsupine positioning. Outcome measures were primary full-thickness macular hole closure and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity after 6 months.

Results:
A total of 34 eyes were included. In the group of full-thickness macular hole ≤400 μm, primary closure occurred in 95% (19/20), whereas only 57% (8/14) of those >400 μm closed (P = 0.01). The mean gain in best-corrected visual acuity was 3.5 ETDRS (Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study) lines (SD = 1.5) (P < 0.01). The air bubble meniscus height at the first postoperative day was estimated to a mean of 59% (range, 50–70%), at the second postoperative day it was 46% (range, 40–55%), and the third day it was 39% (range, 30–45%). Mean intraocular air bubble duration was 10 days (range, 8–13 days).

Conclusion:
The combination of air tamponade and nonsupine positioning regimen leads to high closure rates for small/medium macular holes (≤400 μm), but not for large macular holes (>400 μm).
Can pancreatic cancer behavior be predicted based on computed tomography measurements of fat and muscle mass?
Authors: Clark Whalen , Swaid Forat , Luberice Kenneth , Bowman Ty A. , Downs Darrell , Ross Sharona B. , Rosemurgy Alexander S. 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
Many studies purport that obesity, and specifically visceral fat, impact survival after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. However, these studies involve crude measures of obesity [eg, body mass index (BMI)] or visceral fat [eg, linear measurements on computed tomographic (CT) scans]. Some studies purport that weight loss and muscle wasting (ie, sarcopenia) presage poor survival in these patients. This study was undertaken to accurately measure and reexamine the impact of visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and sarcopenia on pancreatic cancer.

Materials and methods:
CT scans of 100 patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma were reviewed using specialized software to precisely determine the cross-sectional area (CSA) of subcutaneous fat, visceral fat, and psoas muscles at the level of L5 vertebra. In addition, linear measurements of subcutaneous fat and visceral fat were undertaken. Measures of cancer progression included tumor (T) status, nodal (N) status, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage, and overall survival after resection. Regression analysis was utilized, with and without standardization of all measurements to body size. Median data are presented.

Results:
The median patient age was 67 years, with a BMI of 24 kg/m2. Cancer stage was IIB for 60% of patients. BMI, CSA of visceral fat, CSA for subcutaneous fat, CSA for psoas muscles, and linear measurements of visceral and subcutaneous fat were not significantly related to any measures of cancer progression or survival. Standardization to body size did not demonstrate any relationships with cancer progression or survival.

Conclusions:
Precise and reproducible measures of visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and muscle mass, even when standardized to body size, do not predict cancer progression or survival in patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Pancreatic cancer biology and behavior is too complex to predict with a CT scanner. The main focus of pancreatic cancer research should continue to be at the molecular, genetic, and immunologic levels.
A Comparative Analysis of Goldmann Tonometry Correction
Authors: Asejczyk-Widlicka Magdalena , Srodka Wieslaw , Pierscionek Barbara K. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
The measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP) by Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) is based on assumptions about corneal parameters. To correct for variations in corneal curvature and thickness, a number of equations have been proposed. This study evaluates the in vivo accuracy of these equations from individuals with primary open-angle glaucoma and compared them with measurements taken using the Pascal dynamic contour tonometer (DCT), which makes no assumptions about the corneal geometry or biomechanics.

Participants and Methods:
The study included 108 participants with primary open-angle glaucoma (47 male and 61 female) with an age range of 39 to 81 years. Participants were recruited from the Glaucoma Clinic at Wroclaw Medical University. A full ophthalmologic examination was conducted on all participants. Participants were divided into 3 groups depending on IOP as measured by GAT. Six formulae were applied and the results were compared with measurements taken with DCT.

Main Outcome Measures:
To determine as to which formula provides the closest value to IOP measured with DCT.

Results:
For IOP values ≤29 mm Hg, 2 of the formulae showed the smallest and comparable mean differences and SDs between corrected IOP values obtained with GAT and those measured with DCT. For IOP≥30 mm Hg, the formula derived from the model of corneal applanation that takes into account corneal buckling showed the closest agreement with measurements taken using DCT.

Conclusions:
Correction formulae provide widely varying results and their appropriateness can depend on the IOP values.
Prevalence and Visual Outcome of Glaucoma With Uveitis in a Thai Population
Authors: Pathanapitoon Kessara , Smitharuck Sarunya , Kunavisarut Paradee , Rothova Aniki 
Published: November 2016

Objective:
The aim of this study was to report on the prevalence of uveitic secondary glaucoma (USG) and ocular hypertension in patients with uveitis in Thailand, and to identify factors associated with the development of USG and its visual outcome.

Design:
This is a retrospective cohort study.

Methods:
We included 174 consecutive uveitis patients (237 affected eyes) visiting the Ophthalmology Department of Chiang Mai University Hospital, Thailand, from January 2013 to March 2013.

Results:
The prevalence of USG was 29% (51/174) and that of ocular hypertension was 18% (32/174). The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 96 months (mean±SD=33±21 mo). Characteristics associated with the development of USG were as follows: age at onset of uveitis above 60 years and longer duration of uveitis (P=0.001). No association between location of uveitis and development of USG was observed. Clinical entities associated with the highest prevalence of USG consisted of Posner-Schlossman syndrome and herpetic uveitis. Within the anterior uveitis group, viral etiology was strongly associated with the development of USG, whereas human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27)-associated anterior uveitis had lower prevalence of USG than did their HLA-B27-negative counterparts. The prevalence of patients with at least 1 blind eye was significantly higher in those who developed USG (21/51; 41%) than in uveitis patients without glaucoma (22/123; 18%, P=0.001). Characteristics associated with visual loss in USG included poor visual acuity at presentation (P<0.001), and undergoing glaucoma surgery (P<0.05).

Conclusions:
The prevalence of secondary glaucoma among Southeast Asian patients with uveitis was 29%. Blindness in at least 1 eye developed more commonly in patients with USG than in uveitis patients without USG.
Method for Predicting Deformation Characteristics of Prosthetic Feet
Authors: Zhao Stacey R. , Haberman Andrea , Li Qingguo , Bryant J. Tim 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Although clinical studies have found that individuals with amputation prefer prosthetic feet that provide energy return, biomechanical studies investigating these findings have been mixed. The objective of this study was to develop a method that predicts the deformation of a prosthetic foot during a standardized loading profile representing gait. The specific aim was to provide insight into the timing aspects of mechanical properties influenced by features of the device.

Materials and Methods
Mechanical properties were measured from a series of force-deflection curves obtained at specific loads and shank angles extracted from a standard dataset used in ISO22675. Five commercially available prosthetic feet with differing design features and structural properties were analyzed to provide the predicted vertical deflection as a function of normalized stance time.

Results
The method successfully identified differences in features across different designs and across differing weight classes of a similar design. Furthermore, it was observed that in most specimens tested, the predicted peak displacement did not occur at the peak loading. In the heel, peak displacement led the peak force, whereas in the forefoot, peak displacement lagged the peak force. The observations of heel displacement lead and forefoot displacement lag reflect the nonlinear mechanical characteristics of these devices and the complex loading expected during gait.

Conclusion
The method extends those currently used by describing deformation throughout stance and predicting temporal aspects of prosthetic foot mechanical properties related to loading during prosthetic gait. Future studies should address how individual user loading characteristics affect these measurements.
Comparison of health-related quality of life and disability in ulcerative colitis patients following restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis versus anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy
Authors: van Gennep Sara , Sahami Saloomeh , Buskens Christianne J. , van den Brink Gijs R. , Ponsioen Cyriel Y. , D’Hoore André , de Buck van Overstraeten Anthony , van Assche Gert , Ferrante Marc , Vermeire Séverine , Bemelman Willem A. , D’Haens Geert R.A.M. , Löwenberg Mark 
Published: November 2016

Background and aims
Health-related quality of life (HRQL) and disability were compared in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients who underwent restorative proctocolectomy versus patients who received treatment with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents.

Patients and methods
UC patients who underwent restorative proctocolectomy or started anti-TNF treatment between January 2010 and January 2015 were included at two tertiary referral centers. A matched cohort was created using propensity score matching for the covariates disease duration, Montreal classification, age, and sex. HRQL and disability were assessed using the Colorectal Functional Outcome (COREFO), Inflammatory Bowel Disease Disability Index (IBD-DI), EuroQol-5D-3L, and Short Form 36 (SF-36) questionnaires.

Results
In total, 297 patients were included, of whom 205 (69%) patients responded. Fifty-nine pouch patients were matched to 59 anti-TNF-treated patients. Pouch patients reported better general health scores (P=0.042) compared with the anti-TNF group (SF-36). No differences were found for the EuroQol-5D-3L and IBD-DI between the two groups. Pouch patients had significantly higher COREFO scores compared with anti-TNF-treated patients for ‘stool frequency’ (P<0.001), ‘antidiarrheal medication use’ (P<0.001), and ‘stool-related aspects’ (P=0.004), of which the latter was because of a higher perianal skin irritation frequency (P<0.001).

Conclusion
UC patients who underwent restorative proctocolectomy reported a higher bowel movement frequency and more perianal skin irritation compared with anti-TNF-treated patients, but this did not affect overall disease-specific disability outcomes. Patients in the surgery group reported better outcomes for generic health compared with those in the anti-TNF group.
Management of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
Authors: Llaurador Gabriela , McLaughlin Lauren , Wistinghausen Birte 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) is a major complication of hematopoietic stem cell and solid organ transplantation. The incidence of transplantation in childhood has been steadily rising, making PTLD the most common form of lymphoproliferation in childhood. The purpose of this review is to summarize the role of the Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the pathophysiology and discuss the management of PTLD.

Recent findings
More than 90% of pediatric PTLD is EBV-positive. In immunocompetent hosts, the virus is controlled by cytotoxic T-cells, the cells targeted by immunosuppression to avoid graft-versus-host disease and/or organ rejection in transplant patients. The majority of pediatric transplant candidates are EBV-negative prior to transplant increasing the risk of EBV-induced lymphoproliferation upon seroconversion after transplant. Treatment options include reduction of immunosuppression, anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies, and/or chemotherapy. Advanced understanding of the importance of cellular immunity in controlling lymphoproliferation has led to the development of cellular therapies targeting virus-specific antigens.

Summary
PTLD is the most common form of lymphoproliferation in childhood due to the rising incidence of transplantation. EBV plays a pivotal role in the pathophysiology. Cellular therapies targeting viral antigens may replace chemotherapy in the treatment of PTLD in the near future.
Bartter's and Gitelman's syndrome
Authors: Seyberth Hannsjörg W. , Weber Stefanie , Kömhoff Martin 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review
The clinical presentations of Bartter's syndrome and Gitelman's syndrome will be reviewed including two most recently described hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies. By taking the quite heterogeneous presentations and the apparently different pathophysiologies as the basis, the applicability of the physiologic classification has been tested.

Recent findings
According to the physiologic approach, salt-losing tubulopathies can be divided into two major groups (with completely different tubular defects): first, disorders of the thick ascending limb of Henle's loop (loop disorders); second, disorders of the distal convolute tubule (DCT disorders). A combination of these two groups with complety different tubular defects will finally lead to a third group: the combined loop/DCT disorders. On the basis of pharmacologic tests (pharmacotyping), it appears that the Bartter's syndrome V belongs to the DCT group, whereas the most recently described transient antenatal Bartter's syndrome best fits in the group with the loop and DCT combination.
Besides secondary hyperaldosteronism, loop disorders present a whole spectrum of (secondary) pathophysiologic characteristics with significant diagnostic and therapeutic impact, such as polyhydramnios, hyperprostaglandinuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, and nephrocalcinosis. Recent reports indicate that neonatal hyperparathyroidism has also to be added to the clinical presentation of isolated loop disorders.

Summary
As long as gene therapy is not available, the overall therapeutic management follows the clinical presentation, which leads to the underlying pathophysiology of renal salt wasting. Thus, when dealing with Bartter's syndrome and Gitelman's syndrome, the correct physiologic and pharmacologic characterization appears to be essential for a sound diagnostic and therapeutic patient management.