bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Community Health Worker–Delivered Intervention in African American Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A 12‐Month Randomized Trial
Authors: Lutes Lesley D. , Cummings Doyle M. , Littlewood Kerry , Dinatale Emily , Hambidge Bertha 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effectiveness of a community health worker (CHW)–delivered lifestyle intervention for African American women with type 2 diabetes.MethodsParticipants were randomized to either 16 phone‐based lifestyle intervention sessions aimed at making small changes in their diet and activity or 16 educational mailings sent across 12 months. Main outcomes included glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood pressure (BP), and weight (kg) changes.ResultsTwo hundred middle‐aged (mean = 53 ± 10.24 years), rural, African American women with moderate obesity (mean BMI = 37.7 ± 8.02) and type 2 diabetes (mean HbA1c = 9.1 ± 1.83) were enrolled. At 12 months, the intervention group exhibited no significant differences in HbA1c (−0.29 ± 1.84 vs. + 0.005 ± 1.61; P = 0.789) or BP (−1.01 ± 20.46/+0.66 ± 13.24 vs. + 0.22 ± 25.33/−2.87 ± 1.52; P = 0.100) but did exhibit greater weight loss (−1.35 ± 6.22  vs. −0.39 ± 4.57 kg, respectively; P = 0.046) compared with controls. Exploratory post hoc analyses revealed that participants not using insulin had significantly greater reductions in HbA1c (−0.70 ± 1.86 vs. + 0.07 ± 2.01; P = 0.000), diastolic BP (−5.17 ± 14.16 vs. −3.40 ± 14.72 mmHg; P = 0.035), and weight (−2.36 ± 6.59 vs. −1.64 ± 4.36 kg; P = 0.003) compared to controls not on insulin.ConclusionsA phone‐based CHW intervention resulted in no significant improvements in HbA1c or BP but did demonstrate modest improvements in weight. Women not using insulin showed significant improvements in all primary outcomes.
Automated robot‐assisted surgical skill evaluation: Predictive analytics approach
Authors: Fard Mahtab J. , Ameri Sattar , Darin Ellis R. , Chinnam Ratna B. , Pandya Abhilash K. , Klein Michael D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundSurgical skill assessment has predominantly been a subjective task. Recently, technological advances such as robot‐assisted surgery have created great opportunities for objective surgical evaluation. In this paper, we introduce a predictive framework for objective skill assessment based on movement trajectory data. Our aim is to build a classification framework to automatically evaluate the performance of surgeons with different levels of expertise.MethodsEight global movement features are extracted from movement trajectory data captured by a da Vinci robot for surgeons with two levels of expertise – novice and expert. Three classification methods – k‐nearest neighbours, logistic regression and support vector machines – are applied.ResultsThe result shows that the proposed framework can classify surgeons' expertise as novice or expert with an accuracy of 82.3% for knot tying and 89.9% for a suturing task.ConclusionThis study demonstrates and evaluates the ability of machine learning methods to automatically classify expert and novice surgeons using global movement features.
The effect of timescales on wind farm power variability with nonlinear model predictive control
Authors: Curtis Saunders D. , Marshall Jeffrey S. , Hines Paul D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractModel predictive control techniques enable operators to balance multiple objectives in large wind farms, but the controller design depends on modeling effects that propagate at different timescales. This paper uses nonlinear model predictive control to investigate how wind farm power variability can be reduced both by varying ratios of three timescales impacting the system control and by inclusion of a power variability minimization measure in the controller objective function. Tests were conducted to assess how different timescale ratios affect the average farm power and power variability. Power variability measures are shown to be sensitive to the ratio of the incident wind period and the turbine time delay, particularly for cases with dominant incident wind frequencies. The average farm power increases in a series of steps as the controller time horizon increases, which corresponds to time horizon values required for wakes disturbances to propagate to downstream turbines. A second set of tests was conducted in which various measures of power variability were incorporated into the controller objective function and shown to yield significant reductions in farm power variability without significant reductions in farm power output. The controller was found to utilize two different approaches for achieving power variability reduction depending on the formulation of the controller objective function. These results have important implications for the design and operation of wind power plants, including the importance of considering the frequency components of wind during turbine siting and the potential to reduce power variability through the use of farm‐level coordinated control. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Making people buy and eat differently”: lessons from the modernisation of small independent grocery stores in the early twentieth century
Authors: Cochoy Franck 
Published: June 2017

AbstractFood studies teach us much about foods and eaters, but despite their impressive coverage and richness, they pay little attention to what occurs between the two: they tend to neglect the many market professionals and “market-things” that act as a bridge between food products and consumers. This paper proposes to fill the gap by examining how the transformation of the grocery business and related techniques contributed to reshaping the food industry’s strategies, the content of foods and the identity of eaters. This investigation was conducted by studying the trade magazineProgressive Grocerover the period 1922–1959. It shows how the journal promoted a new art of “making people buy and eat”. Grocers were invited to modify their practices, hence the eaters’ experience, by implementing two different strategies: a movement of “betterment” of their previous service know-how and then a more radical movement of “replacement” of this know-how by the new “self-service” arrangement. By following these two movements, we understand how grocery professionals and techniques made us buy and eat, but made us do so differently, to the extent that the grocery business and related devices changed foods as well as consumers’ identities.
Left atrial remodeling: Regional differences between paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Kogawa Rikitake , Okumura Yasuo , Watanabe Ichiro , Nagashima Koichi , Takahashi Keiko , Iso Kazuki , Watanabe Ryuta , Arai Masaru , Kurokawa Sayaka , Ohkubo Kimie , Nakai Toshiko , Hirayama Atsushi , Sonoda Kazumasa , Tosaka Toshimasa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe mechanisms underlying self‐perpetuation of persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) are not well understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we conducted a study comparing left atrial (LA) electroanatomic maps obtained during sinus rhythm between patients with paroxysmal AF (PAF) and patients with persistent AF (PerAF).MethodsThe study included 23 men with PAF (age, 56.3±12.1 years) and 13 men with PerAF (age, 54.3±13.4 years). LA voltage mapping was performed during sinus rhythm. The clinical and electroanatomic characteristics of the two groups were evaluated and analyzed statistically.ResultsThe bipolar voltages at the LA septum, roof, and posterior wall, right superior pulmonary vein (PV) and its antrum, right superior PV carina, and right inferior PV antrum were significantly lower in patients with PerAF than in those with PAF. The bipolar voltages in other parts of the LA did not differ statistically between the two groups.ConclusionPAF and PerAF seem to be characterized by differences in the regional voltage in the LA and PVs. The LA structural remodeling of PerAF may initiate from the right PVs and their antra and LA septum, roof, and posterior wall.
Serological study of Neospora caninum in dogs and wildlife in a nature conservation area in southern Portugal
Authors: WAAP H. , NUNES T. , VAZ Y. , LEITÃO A. 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYA serological survey was performed to evaluate the presence of specific antibodies againstNeospora caninumin dogs and native animals in a wildlife conservation area in southern Portugal. The study involved 463 animals, including dogs (n = 286), European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus;n = 32), Egyptian mongoose (Herpestes ichneumon;n = 34), wild boars (Sus scrofa;n = 26), foxes (Vulpes vulpes,n = 25), common genets (Genetta genetta;n = 17), red deer (Cervus elaphus;n = 14), wildcats (Felis silvestris;n = 6), four mustelid species (n = 17) and rodents (n = 6). Samples from dogs were analysed by Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test (IFAT). Samples from wild animals were screened by the modified agglutination test and positive and doubtful results were confirmed by IFAT. The seroprevalence ofN. caninumin dogs was 32·5% [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 27·3–38·1]. Among wild animals, exposure toN. caninumwas confirmed only in foxes (12%, 95% CI 4·2–30) and rabbits (25%, 95% CI 13·3–42·1). This is the first evidence of natural exposure toN. caninumin foxes and rabbits in Portugal, and our results suggest that rabbits may play a role as reservoirs of infection to dogs, foxes and other wildlife carnivores. The relevance of this finding in the sylvatic cycle ofN. caninumneeds further studies, since infection may affect wildlife species and cattle grazing in the same areas.
Carbohydrate nutrition and risk of adiposity-related cancers: results from the Framingham Offspring cohort (1991–2013)
Authors: Makarem Nour , Bandera Elisa V. , Lin Yong , Jacques Paul F. , Hayes Richard B. , Parekh Niyati 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHigher carbohydrate intake, glycaemic index (GI), and glycaemic load (GL) are hypothesised to increase cancer risk through metabolic dysregulation of the glucose-insulin axis and adiposity-related mechanisms, but epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. This prospective cohort study investigates carbohydrate quantity and quality in relation to risk of adiposity-related cancers, which represent the most commonly diagnosed preventable cancers in the USA. In exploratory analyses, associations with three site-specific cancers: breast, prostate and colorectal cancers were also examined. The study sample consisted of 3184 adults from the Framingham Offspring cohort. Dietary data were collected in 1991–1995 using a FFQ along with lifestyle and medical information. From 1991 to 2013, 565 incident adiposity-related cancers, including 124 breast, 157 prostate and sixty-eight colorectal cancers, were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate the role of carbohydrate nutrition in cancer risk. GI and GL were not associated with risk of adiposity-related cancers or any of the site-specific cancers. Total carbohydrate intake was not associated with risk of adiposity-related cancers combined or prostate and colorectal cancers. However, carbohydrate consumption in the highestv. lowest quintile was associated with 41 % lower breast cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR) 0·59; 95 % CI 0·36, 0·97). High-, medium- and low-GI foods were not associated with risk of adiposity-related cancers or prostate and colorectal cancers. In exploratory analyses, low-GI foods, were associated with 49 % lower breast cancer risk (HR 0·51; 95 % CI 0·32, 0·83). In this cohort of Caucasian American adults, associations between carbohydrate nutrition and cancer varied by cancer site. Healthier low-GI carbohydrate foods may prevent adiposity-related cancers among women, but these findings require confirmation in a larger sample.
The Time and the Place to Network: Werner Siemens during the Era of Prussian Industrialization, 1835–1846
Authors: Johnston Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis article revisits the interplay between enterprise, technology, science, and the state in the latter stages of Prussia's “early industrialization.” Tracing the footsteps of Werner Siemens as he sought to establish a business in Berlin during the 1840s, it highlights the social networks that enabled individuals and ideas to circulate between the military establishment, administrative departments, scientific circles, and entrepreneurial communities. At heart, these abstract entities constituted dense clusters of individuals who shared strong connections to one another, but whose contacts with other groups also enabled them to mobilize resources. During the 1840s, fostered by the dynamism of Berlin's expansion, social networks stepped into the breach caused by the Reform Era's upheaval of traditional employment structures and the emergence of a market economy. They provided a means of negotiating the uncertain socioeconomic circumstances that characterizedVormärzPrussia.
Loss of CD40 attenuates experimental diabetes-induced retinal inflammation but does not protect mice from electroretinogram defects
Authors: SAMUELS IVY S. , PORTILLO JOSE-ANDRES C. , MIAO YANLING , KERN TIMOTHY S. , SUBAUSTE CARLOS S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChronic low grade inflammation is considered to contribute to the development of experimental diabetic retinopathy (DR). We recently demonstrated that lack of CD40 in mice ameliorates the upregulation of inflammatory molecules in the diabetic retina and prevented capillary degeneration, a hallmark of experimental diabetic retinopathy. Herein, we investigated the contribution of CD40 to diabetes-induced reductions in retinal function via the electroretinogram (ERG) to determine if inflammation plays a role in the development of ERG defects associated with diabetes. We demonstrate that diabetic CD40−/− mice are not protected from reduction to the ERG b-wave despite failing to upregulate inflammatory molecules in the retina. Our data therefore supports the hypothesis that retinal dysfunction found in diabetics occurs independent of the induction of inflammatory processes.
Measurement of nanoscale three-dimensional diffusion in the interior of living cells by STED-FCS
Authors: Lanzanò Luca , Scipioni Lorenzo , Di Bona Melody , Bianchini Paolo , Bizzarri Ranieri , Cardarelli Francesco , Diaspro Alberto , Vicidomini Giuseppe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe observation of molecular diffusion at different spatial scales, and in particular below the optical diffraction limit (<200 nm), can reveal details of the subcellular topology and its functional organization. Stimulated-emission depletion microscopy (STED) has been previously combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to investigate nanoscale diffusion (STED-FCS). However, stimulated-emission depletion fluorescence correlation spectroscopy has only been used successfully to reveal functional organization in two-dimensional space, such as the plasma membrane, while, an efficient implementation for measurements in three-dimensional space, such as the cellular interior, is still lacking. Here we integrate the STED-FCS method with two analytical approaches, the recent separation of photons by lifetime tuning and the fluorescence lifetime correlation spectroscopy, to simultaneously probe diffusion in three dimensions at different sub-diffraction scales. We demonstrate that this method efficiently provides measurement of the diffusion of EGFP at spatial scales tunable from the diffraction size down to ∼80 nm in the cytoplasm of living cells.
Molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis in Cameroon
Authors: Egbe N. F. , Muwonge A. , Ndip L. , Kelly R. F. , Sander M. , Tanya V. , Ngwa V. Ngu , Handel I. G. , Novak A. , Ngandalo R. , Mazeri S. , Morgan K. L. , Asuquo A. , de C. Bronsvoort B. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe describe the largest molecular epidemiological study of Bovine Tuberculosis (bTB) in a sub-Saharan African country with higher spatial resolution providing new insights into bTB. Four hundred and ninety-nine samples were collected for culture from 201 and 179 cattle with and without bTB-like lesions respectively out of 2,346 cattle slaughtered at Bamenda, Ngaoundere, Garoua and Maroua abattoirs between 2012–2013. Two hundred and fifty-five M. bovis were isolated, identified and genotyped using deletion analysis, Hain® Genotype MTBC, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR. African 1 was the dominant M. bovis clonal complex, with 97 unique genotypes including 19 novel spoligotypes representing the highest M. bovis genetic diversity observed in Africa to date. SB0944 and SB0953 dominated (63%) the observed spoligotypes. A third of animals with multiple lesions had multiple strain infections. Higher diversity but little evidence of recent transmission of M. bovis was more common in Adamawa compared to the North-West Region. The Adamawa was characterised by a high frequency of singletons possibly due to constant additions from an active livestock movement network compared to the North-West Region where a local expansion was more evident. The latter combined with population-based inferences suggest an unstable and stable bTB-endemic status in the North-West and Adamawa Regions respectively.
Transplanted adipose-derived stem cells can be short-lived yet accelerate healing of acid-burn skin wounds: a multimodal imaging study
Authors: Muhammad Ghulam , Xu Jiadi , Bulte Jeff W. M. , Jablonska Anna , Walczak Piotr , Janowski Miroslaw 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe incidence of accidental and intentional acid skin burns is rising. Current treatment strategies are mostly inadequate, leaving victims disfigured and without treatment options. Here, we have shown that transplantation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) accelerates the process of acid burn wound-healing. Pre-conditioning of ASCs using ascorbic acid (AA) or hypoxic conditions provided additional benefit. While the wounds were ultimately healed in all mice, histological analysis revealed that, in non-transplanted animals, the number of hair follicles was reduced. Bioluminescent imaging (BLI) of transplanted ASCs revealed a gradual loss of transplanted cells, with a similar rate of cell death for each treatment group. The signal of fluorinated cells detected by a clinically applicable19F MRI method correlated with the BLI findings, which points to19F MRI as a reliable method with which to track ASCs after transplantation to skin wounds. No difference in therapeutic effect or cell survival was observed between labeled and non-labeled cells. We conclude that, despite being short-lived, transplanted ASCs can accelerate wound-healing and reduce hair loss in acid-burn skin injury. The fluorine nanoemulsion is a clinically applicable cell label capable of reporting on the survival of transplanted cells.
A novel function for globulin in sequestering plant hormone: Crystal structure of Wrightia tinctoria 11S globulin in complex with auxin
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Kesari Pooja , Dhindwal Sonali , Choudhary Ashish K. , Katiki Madhusudhanarao , Neetu  , Verma Aparna , Ambatipudi Kiran , Tomar Shailly , Sharma Ashwani Kumar , Mishra Girish , Kumar Pravindra 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAuxin levels are tightly regulated within the plant cell, and its storage in the isolated cavity of proteins is a measure adopted by cells to maintain the availability of auxin. We report the first crystal structure of Wrightia tinctoria 11S globulin (WTG) in complex with Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), an auxin, at 1.7 Å resolution. WTG hexamers assemble as a result of the stacking interaction between the hydrophobic surfaces of two trimers, leaving space for the binding of charged ligands. The bound auxin is stabilized by non-covalent interactions, contributed by four chains in each cavity. The presence of bound ligand was confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Here, we hypothesize that the cleavage of globulins by endopeptidases leads to the movement of the hydrophilic loop region from the surface to the periphery, leaving space for the binding of auxin, and promotes hexamer formation. As the process of germination proceeds, there is a change in the pH, which induces the dissociation of the hexamer and the release of auxin. The compact hexameric assembly ensures the long-term, stable storage of the hormone. This suggests a role for globulin as a novel player in auxin homeostasis.
High-dose fluconazole in combination with amphotericin B is more efficient than monotherapy in murine model of cryptococcosis
Authors: Santos Julliana Ribeiro Alves , Ribeiro Noelly Queiroz , Bastos Rafael Wesley , Holanda Rodrigo Assunção , Silva Letícia Chagas , Queiroz Estela Rezende , Santos Daniel Assis 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCryptococcus spp., the causative agents of cryptococcosis, are responsible for deaths of hundreds of thousands of people every year worldwide. The drawbacks of available therapeutic options are aggravated by the increased resistance of yeast to the drugs, resulting in inefficient therapy. Also, the antifungal 5FC is not available in many countries. Therefore, a combination of antifungal drugs may be an interesting option, but in vitro and theoretical data point to the possible antagonism between the main antifungals used to treat cryptococcosis, i.e., fluconazole (FLC), and amphotericin B (AMB). Therefore, in vivo studies are necessary to test the above hypothesis. In this study, the efficacy of FLC and AMB at controlling C. gattii infection was evaluated in a murine model of cryptococcosis caused by C. gattii. The infected mice were treated with FLC + AMB combinations and showed a significant improvement in survival as well as reduced morbidity, reduced lung fungal burden, and the absence of yeast in the brain when FLC was used at higher doses, according to the Tukey test and principal component analysis. Altogether, these results indicate that combinatorial optimization of antifungal therapy can be an option for effective control of cryptococcosis.
3D Printed Silicones with Shape Memory
Authors: Wu Amanda S. , Small IV Ward , Bryson Taylor M. , Cheng Emily , Metz Thomas R. , Schulze Stephanie E. , Duoss Eric B. , Wilson Thomas S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDirect ink writing enables the layer-by-layer manufacture of ordered, porous structures whose mechanical behavior is driven by architecture and material properties. Here, we incorporate two different gas filled microsphere pore formers to evaluate the effect of shell stiffness and Tg on compressive behavior and compression set in siloxane matrix printed structures. The lower Tg microsphere structures exhibit substantial compression set when heated near and above Tg, with full structural recovery upon reheating without constraint. By contrast, the higher Tg microsphere structures exhibit reduced compression set with no recovery upon reheating. Aside from their role in tuning the mechanical behavior of direct ink write structures, polymer microspheres are good candidates for shape memory elastomers requiring structural complexity, with potential applications toward tandem shape memory polymers.