bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tannakian Categories With Semigroup
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Authors: Ovchinnikov Alexey , Wibmer Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA theorem of Ostrowski implies that log(x), log(x +1), … are algebraically independent over ℂ(x). More generally, for a linear differential or difference equation, it is an important problem to find all algebraic dependencies among a non-zero solution y and particular transformations of y, such as derivatives of y with respect to parameters, shifts of the arguments, rescaling, etc. In this paper, we develop a theory of Tannakian categories with semigroup actions, which will be used to attack such questions in full generality, as each linear differential equation gives rise to a Tannakian category. Deligne studied actions of braid groups on categories and obtained a ûnite collection of axioms that characterizes such actions to apply them to various geometric constructions. In this paper, we find a finite set of axioms that characterizes actions of semigroups that are ûnite free products of semigroups of the form on Tannakian categories. This is the class of semigroups that appear in many applications.
Northern Mediterranean climate since the Middle Pleistocene: a 637 ka stable isotope record from Lake Ohrid (Albania/Macedonia)
Authors: Lacey Jack H. , Leng Melanie J. , Francke Alexander , Sloane Hilary J. , Milodowski Antoni , Vogel Hendrik , Baumgarten Henrike , Zanchetta Giovanni , Wagner Bernd 
Published: March 2016

Abstract. Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania) is an ancient lake with unique biodiversity and a site of global significance for investigating the influence of climate, geological, and tectonic events on the generation of endemic populations. Here, we present oxygen (δ18O) and carbon (δ13C) isotope data from carbonate over the upper 243 m of a composite core profile recovered as part of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) project. The investigated sediment succession covers the past ca. 637 ka. Previous studies on short cores from the lake (up to 15 m, < 140 ka) have indicated the total inorganic carbon (TIC) content of sediments to be highly sensitive to climate change over the last glacial–interglacial cycle. Sediments corresponding to warmer periods contain abundant endogenic calcite; however, an overall low TIC content in glacial sediments is punctuated by discrete bands of early diagenetic authigenic siderite. Isotope measurements on endogenic calcite (δ18Oc and δ13Cc) reveal variations both between and within interglacials that suggest the lake has been subject to palaeoenvironmental change on orbital and millennial timescales. We also measured isotope ratios from authigenic siderite (δ18Os and δ13Cs) and, with the oxygen isotope composition of calcite and siderite, reconstruct δ18O of lake water (δ18Olw) over the last 637 ka. Interglacials have higher δ18Olw values when compared to glacial periods most likely due to changes in evaporation, summer temperature, the proportion of winter precipitation (snowfall), and inflow from adjacent Lake Prespa. The isotope stratigraphy suggests Lake Ohrid experienced a period of general stability from marine isotope stage (MIS) 15 to MIS 13, highlighting MIS 14 as a particularly warm glacial. Climate conditions became progressively wetter during MIS 11 and MIS 9. Interglacial periods after MIS 9 are characterised by increasingly evaporated and drier conditions through MIS 7, MIS 5, and the Holocene. Our results provide new evidence for long-term climate change in the northern Mediterranean region, which will form the basis to better understand the influence of major environmental events on biological evolution within Lake Ohrid.
Pierre Menard the Sur-realist
Authors: Ungureanu Delia 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Jorge Luis Borges openly rejected surrealism as “snobbish chitchat,” and most scholars have taken such statements of his at face value. Research into the surrealist magazines of the 1920s and 1930s, as well as Victoria Ocampo's papers at Harvard's Houghton Library, show just the opposite. This article uses archival and published sources to trace the literary network that brought Pierre Menard from the surrealists to the pages of Sur, in order to reveal Borges' intimate connection to the surrealists from whom he always sought to distance himself. This connection crystallizes in the ambiguous figure of the Comte de Lautréamont, apostle of plagiarism as artistic method, who himself was the subject of a graphological analysis by the real Dr. Pierre Menard, published in the surrealist magazine Minotaure in the very month that Borges published his seminal story in Sur.
Have the Health Care Professionals Needed Training Competencies to Educate Their Clients?
Authors: Saber Saman , Arbabisarjou Azizollah , Zare Massoud , Kianian Toktam 
Published: March 2016

<p><strong>INTRODUCTION: </strong>Health care professional are the first and most important level of health care providers that their training competencies determines the health of society. This study aimed to determine the training competencies of health care professionals for training the clients.</p><p><strong>MATERIALS &amp; METHODS: </strong>This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in Mashhad’s health care centers in 2013 using probability stratified cluster sampling technique. A total of 250 heath care professionals in the departments of vaccination, mothers and children care, disease fighting, midwifery and environmental health participated in the study. The research instrument was a check list to observe the training performance of the health care professionals. Its validity confirmed by the content validity. Its reliability calculated through inter-rater agreement with a correlation coefficient (r=0.70).The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and analytical tests including Pearson correlation test, independent sample T-test, ANOVA, and Chi square.</p><p><strong>RESULTS:</strong> The results showed that most health care professionals (66.4%) had the proper training competencies in client education. Training competencies were dependent on individual characteristics such as marital status, work place, employment status, age, experience, and history of participation in different training health workshops. The results showed that the training competencies of 166 workers (66.4%) were at good and acceptable level (13.21±1.79). There was a significant difference between training competencies of the health care professionals and their individual characteristics such as marital status, work place, employment status, and the experience of participating in training workshops (p&lt;0.05).</p><p><strong>CONCLUSION: </strong>Based on the results, although the training competencies of health care professionals is an appropriate level, but with considering of this importance for training competencies in promotion of community health, it is necessitate to take actions to upgrade them to excellence level. Appropriate training performance is the most important strategy in preliminary health care. In the present study, the training competencies of the health care professionals and the factors influencing them were determined. Planning for promoting both training and assessment of the health care professionals apart from their general performances is vital.</p>
MetaboLights: An Open‐Access Database Repository for Metabolomics Data
Authors: Kale Namrata S. , Haug Kenneth , Conesa Pablo , Jayseelan Kalaivani , Moreno Pablo , Rocca‐Serra Philippe , Nainala Venkata Chandrasekhar , Spicer Rachel A. , Williams Mark , Li Xuefei , Salek Reza M. , Griffin Julian L. , Steinbeck Christoph 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMetaboLights is the first general purpose, open‐access database repository for cross‐platform and cross‐species metabolomics research at the European Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI). Based upon the open‐source ISA framework, MetaboLights provides Metabolomics Standard Initiative (MSI) compliant metadata and raw experimental data associated with metabolomics experiments. Users can upload their study datasets into the MetaboLights Repository. These studies are then automatically assigned a stable and unique identifier (e.g., MTBLS1) that can be used for publication reference. The MetaboLights Reference Layer associates metabolites with metabolomics studies in the archive and is extensively annotated with data fields such as structural and chemical information, NMR and MS spectra, target species, metabolic pathways, and reactions. The database is manually curated with no specific release schedules. MetaboLights is also recommended by journals for metabolomics data deposition. This unit provides a guide to using MetaboLights, downloading experimental data, and depositing metabolomics datasets using user‐friendly submission tools. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Characteristics of field‐aligned currents associated with magnetic flux ropes in the magnetotail: A statistical study
Authors: Zhao Yan , Wang Rongsheng , Du Aimin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present an investigation of 35 magnetic flux ropes encountered by Cluster in the Earth's magnetotail during the years between 2001 and 2004. The study shows that the parallel current dominates inside 86% of the identified flux ropes and 71% of the flux ropes are surrounded by the draping regions where the parallel current is comparable to the perpendicular component and steeply changes its direction. Namely, magnetic field is nearly force‐free in 86% of the identified flux ropes while it considerably deviates from the force‐free in the draping region. Therefore, the observations indicate that energy conversion should take place in the draping region. Moreover, the core fields for most the flux ropes come from the interplanetary magnetic field.
Macroscopic coupling of deformation and melt migration at continental interiors, with applications to the Colorado Plateau
Authors: Roy Mousumi , Gold Stav , Johnson Alex , Osuna Orozco Rodrigo , Holtzman Benjamin K. , Gaherty James 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWithin continental interiors far from plate boundaries, we hypothesize that the architecture of the lithosphere will influence dynamic pressure gradients produced as the lithosphere moves relative to the underlying asthenosphere. We investigate how these dynamic pressure gradients affect melt migration by percolative flow within the mantle beneath continental interiors. Our models show that for a lithospheric keel that protrudes into the “mantle wind,” the behavior of the system can be classified into three categories: (1) small‐scale convective instabilities modify both the geometry of the lithosphere‐asthenophere boundary (LAB) and associated dynamic pressure gradients so that the surface flux of melt is largest above a narrow downwelling at the center of the keel; (2) weak convection does not substantially modify the keel and persistent gradients at the LAB at margins of the keel control dynamic pressure gradients so that surface melt flux is elevated within the keel relative to its surroundings; and (3) when convective instabilities are suppressed due to sufficiently high viscosity in the asthenosphere, asymmetric dynamic pressure gradients due to mantle shear beneath the keel focus melt streamlines toward the upwind flank of the keel and direct melt away from the downwind flank. We interpret surface patterns of Cenozoic magmatism at the Colorado Plateau, particularly the “upwind‐downwind” asymmetry relative to the direction of motion of North America over the underlying asthenosphere, in terms of category (3) above. Our models quantitatively assess the viability of spatially variable dynamic pressure gradients as a physical mechanism to explain disparate observations at the Colorado Plateau, such as surface magmatism, heat flow, xenolith data, and seismic structure.
Evidence from MESSENGER for sulfur‐ and carbon‐driven explosive volcanism on Mercury
Authors: Weider Shoshana Z. , Nittler Larry R. , Murchie Scott L. , Peplowski Patrick N. , McCoy Timothy J. , Kerber Laura , Klimczak Christian , Ernst Carolyn M. , Goudge Timothy A. , Starr Richard D. , Izenberg Noam R. , Klima Rachel L. , Solomon Sean C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTargeted MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) X‐Ray Spectrometer measurements of Mercury's largest identified pyroclastic deposit are combined with neutron and reflectance spectroscopy data to constrain the composition of volatiles involved in the eruption that emplaced the pyroclastic material. The deposit, northeast of the Rachmaninoff basin, is depleted in S (relative to Ca and Si) and C, compared with the rest of Mercury's surface. Spectral reflectance measurements of the deposit indicate relatively high overall reflectance and an oxygen‐metal charge transfer (OMCT) absorption band at ultraviolet wavelengths. These results are consistent with oxidation of graphite and sulfides during magma ascent, via reaction with oxides in the magma or assimilated country rock, and the formation of S‐ and C‐bearing volatile species. Consumption of graphite during oxidation could account for the elevated reflectance of the pyroclastic material, and the strength of the OMCT band is consistent with ~0.03–0.1 wt % FeO in the deposit.
Red Blood Cell Folate Insufficiency among nonpregnant Women of Childbearing age in Guatemala 2009 to 2010: Prevalence and predicted Neural Tube Defects risk
Authors: Rosenthal Jorge , Reeve Mary‐Elizabeth , Ramirez Nicte , Crider Krista S. , Sniezek Joe , Vellozzi Claudia , Devine Owen , Lopez‐Pazos Eunice 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe World Health Organization recently released recommendations stating that red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations should be above 400 ng/L (906 nmol/L) for optimal prevention of folate‐sensitive neural tube defects (NTDs). The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of folate insufficiency (FI) (<906 nmol/L) and potential risk of NTDs based on RBC folate concentrations among nonpregnant women of child‐bearing age in Guatemala.MethodsA national and regional multistage cluster probability survey was completed during 2009 to 2010 among Guatemalan women of child‐bearing age 15 to 49 years of age. Demographic and health information and blood samples for RBC folate analyses were collected from 1473 women. Prevalence rate ratios of FI and predicted NTD prevalence were estimated based on RBC folate concentrations comparing subpopulations of interest.ResultsNational FI prevalence was 47.2% [95% confidence interval, 43.3–51.1] and showed wide variation by region (18–81%). In all regions, FI prevalence was higher among indigenous (27–89%) than among nonindigenous populations (16–44%). National NTD risk based on RBC folate concentrations was estimated to be 14 per 10,000 live births (95% uncertainty interval, 11.1–18.6) and showed wide regional variation (from 11 NTDS in the Metropolitan region to 26 NTDs per 10,000 live births in the Norte region).ConclusionFI remains a common problem in populations with limited access to fortified products, specifically rural, low income, and indigenous populations. However, among subpopulations that are most likely to have fortified food, the prevalence of FI is similar to countries with well‐established fortification programs. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:587–595, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An undergraduate laboratory class using CRISPR/Cas9 technology to mutate drosophila genes
Authors: Adame Vanesa , Chapapas Holly , Cisneros Marilyn , Deaton Carol , Deichmann Sophia , Gadek Chauncey , Lovato TyAnna L. , Chechenova Maria B. , Guerin Paul , Cripps Richard M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology is used in the manipulation of genome sequences and gene expression. Because of the ease and rapidity with which genes can be mutated using CRISPR/Cas9, we sought to determine if a single‐semester undergraduate class could be successfully taught, wherein students isolate mutants for specific genes using CRISPR/Cas9. Six students were each assigned a single Drosophila gene, for which no mutants currently exist. Each student designed and created plasmids to encode single guide RNAs that target their selected gene; injected the plasmids into Cas9‐expressing embryos, in order to delete the selected gene; carried out a three‐generation cross to test for germline transmission of a mutated allele and generate a stable stock of the mutant; and characterized the mutant alleles by PCR and sequencing. Three genes out of six were successfully mutated. Pre‐ and post‐ survey evaluations of the students in the class revealed that student attitudes towards their research competencies increased, although the changes were not statistically significant. We conclude that it is feasible to develop a laboratory genome editing class, to provide effective laboratory training to undergraduate students, and to generate mutant lines for use by the broader scientific community. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44:263–275, 2016.
Identification and Biological Activities of Long‐Chain Peptaibols Produced by a Marine‐Derived Strain of Trichoderma longibrachiatum
Authors: Mohamed‐Benkada Mustapha , François Pouchus Yves , Vérité Philippe , Pagniez Fabrice , Caroff Nathalie , Ruiz Nicolas 
Published: March 2016

Six long‐chain peptaibols, 1 – 6, were identified from agar cultures of a marine‐derived Trichoderma longibrachiatum Rifai strain (MMS151) isolated from blue mussels. The structure elucidation was carried out using electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI‐IT‐MS) and GC/EI‐MS. The long‐chain peptaibols exhibited the general building scheme Ac‐Aib‐Ala‐Aib‐Ala‐Aib‐XXX‐Gln‐Aib‐Vxx‐Aib‐Gly‐XXX‐Aib‐Pro‐Vxx‐Aib‐XXX‐Gln‐Gln‐Pheol and were similar or identical to recurrent 20‐residue peptaibols produced by Trichoderma spp. Three new sequences were identified and were called longibrachins A‐0, A‐II‐a, and A‐IV‐b. The isolated peptaibols were assayed for cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antifungal activities, and acute toxicity on Dipteran larvae.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnesium and Cadmium Containing Heusler Phases REPd2Mg, REPd2Cd, REAg2Mg, REAu2Mg and REAu2Cd.
Authors: Johnscher Michael , Stein Sebastian , Niehaus Oliver , Benndorf Christopher , Heletta Lukas , Kersting Marcel , Hoeting Christoph , Eckert Hellmut , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTwenty‐eight new Heusler phases of title are prepared from the elements by induction heating (Nb ampoules, complex heating and annealing schedules).
ChemInform Abstract: Intense Turquoise Colors of Apatite‐Type Compounds with Mn5+ in Tetrahedral Coordination.
Authors: Medina Elena A. , Li Jun , Stalick Judith K. , Subramanian M. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSolid solutions of Ba5Mn3‐xVxO12Cl (x = 0—3.0) (I) and Ba5Mn3‐xPxO12Cl (x = 0—3.0) (II) are prepared by solid state reaction of stoichiometric amounts of BaCO3, MnO2, V2O5, BaCl2, and (NH4)2HPO4 (Al2O3 crucible, 800 °C, 24 h) as well as by Pechini sol gel reaction of Ba(NO3)2, Mn(NO3)2, and NH4Cl in H2O and citric acid at pH 7 followed by calcination of the dried gel in air (700—750 °C, 12 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Li4MoO5—NiO Binary System as Positive Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries.
Authors: Yabuuchi Naoaki , Tahara Yoshiyuki , Komaba Shinichi , Kitada Satsuki , Kajiya Yoshio 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMixed xLi4MoO5/(1‐x)NiO anode materials are prepared by calcination of LixMoS2, LiOH, and NiCO3 in air (1050 °C, 2 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Stable Shape‐Controlled Catalytically Active β‐Palladium Hydride.
Authors: Zhao Zipeng , Huang Xiaoqing , Li Mufan , Wang Gongming , Lee Chain , Zhu Enbo , Duan Xiangfeng , Huang Yu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStable β‐PdH0.43 nanocrystals are produced by heating a Pd(acac)2 solution in DMF (160 °C, 4 h) using the in situ H2 production from catalytic decomposition of the latter.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Synthesis and Magnetic Properties of a New Phase of SrCo2(PO4)2.
Authors: Yang Ming , Zhang Suyun , Guo Wenbin , He Zhangzhen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of β‐SrCo2(PO4)2 are prepared by hydrothermal reaction of a 1:2 molar mixture of α‐Co2P2O7 and Sr(NO3)2 in H2O (autoclave, 230 °C, 120 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Radical‐Radical Cross‐Coupling Through Visible‐Light‐Activated Iridium Catalysis.
Authors: Wang Chuanyong , Qin Jie , Shen Xiaodong , Riedel Radostan , Harms Klaus , Meggers Eric 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA visible light‐driven synthesis of 1,2 amino alcohols with high enantioselectivities (up to 99% e.e.) is presented by using a unique catalytic asymmetric process which combines a single electron transfer reaction between a donor substrate and a catalyst‐bound acceptor substrate followed by a stereocontrolled radical—radical recombination.
ChemInform Abstract: The 2′‐Phenyl Cinchonidine Thiourea‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Addition of Alcohols to Isatin‐Derived N‐Boc Ketimines.
Authors: Liu Jing , Zhu Fang‐Meng , Chu Yun‐Bo , Huang Li‐Hong , Zhou Yi‐Feng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe title reaction affords optically active isatin‐derived N,O‐aminals (III) and (V) in good yields and with up to 92% e.e..
ChemInform Abstract: Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Solvolysis of gem‐Chlorofluoro‐ and gem‐Bromofluorocyclopropanes. Preparation of 2‐Fluoroallylic Ethers, Esters and Alcohols.
Authors: Novikov Maxim A. , Volchkov Nikolai V. , Lipkind Maria B. , Nefedov Oleg M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of the 2‐fluoroallylic ethers, esters, and alcohols involves the isomerization of the gem‐fluorohalocyclopropanes to 2‐fluoroallylic halides followed by nucleophilic substitution of a halide with an O‐nucleophile.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free TBHP‐Mediated Oxidative Ring Openings of 2‐Arylimidazopyridines via Regioselective Cleavage of C—C and C—N Bonds.
Authors: Yan Kelu , Yang Daoshan , Wei Wei , Li Guoqing , Sun Mingyang , Zhang Qingyun , Tian Laijin , Wang Hua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe title reaction leads to N‐pyridinyl benzamides via a radical pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Complete Switch of Selectivity in the C—H Alkenylation and Hydroarylation Catalyzed by Iridium: The Role of Directing Groups.
Authors: Kim Jiyu , Park Sung‐Woo , Baik Mu‐Hyun , Chang Sukbok 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe direct olefination/hydroarylation of arenes is investigated in the presence of an iridium catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Diazo‐β‐keto Esters, Phosphonates and Sulfones via Acylbenzotriazole‐Mediated Acylation of a Diazomethyl Anion.
Authors: Pramanik Mukund M. D. , Rastogi Namrata 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the reactions of unprotected o‐amino benzoates (IV) a trans‐phosphorylation occurs to furnish phosphoramidates (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Regiospecific Alcoholysis and Aminolysis of Epoxides Catalyzed by Zirconium(IV) Oxynitrate.
Authors: Shinde Sandip S. , Said Madhukar S. , Surwase Trupti B. , Kumar Pradeep 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn efficient ring‐opening of epoxides by a variety of alcohols and amines is developed using zirconium oxynitrate hydrated salt as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cα—H Oxidation of Tertiary, Aliphatic Amines to Amides under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Legacy Christopher J. , Wang Anqi , O'Day Brian J. , Emmert Marion H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBenzoyl tert‐butyl peroxide is shown to be an efficient oxidant for the selective mono‐oxidation of tertiary amines to amides using FeCl3 as catalyst and picolinic acid as co‐catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic N‐Alkylation of Amines Using Carboxylic Acids and Molecular Hydrogen.
Authors: Sorribes Ivan , Cabrero‐Antonino Jose R. , Vicent Cristian , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAromatic amines and various readily available carboxylic acids are treated under molecular hydrogen with a catalyst combination under conditions A) or B).