bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A view of reactions at mineral surfaces from the aqueous phase
Authors: Casey W. H. 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe processes by which a metal–oxygen bond dissociates in aqueous complexes are discussed and the reactions related to more complicated pathways of mineral dissolution. The dissolution of oxide minerals, and in fact many other classes of surface reactions, can be viewed as a ligand-exchange reaction because the bridging oxygens that link the metal to the mineral are progressively replaced by non-bridging functional groups. These ligand-exchange reactions are accelerated by protonations, hydroxylations and ligand substitutions that modify the lability of surface oxygens, but always at specific sites. Molecular information is important because reactions at some sites retard rates while reaction at other sites enhance them. Virtually all of the important variables that affect these reaction rates are local.
Activation of EGFP expression by Cre-mediated excision in a new ROSA26 reporter mouse strain
Authors: Mao Xiaohong , Fujiwara Yuko , Chapdelaine Aimée , Yang Haidi , Orkin Stuart H. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Reporter mouse strains are important tools for monitoring Cre recombinase-mediated excision in vivo. In practice, excision may be incomplete in a given population due to threshold level or variegated expression of Cre. Hence, it is desirable in many experimental contexts to isolate cells that have undergone excision to assess the consequences of gene ablation. To generate alternative reporter mice, an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) gene was targeted to the retroviral-trapped ROSA26 locus. Upon Cre-mediated excision of “Stop” sequences, EGFP was expressed ubiquitously during embryogenesis and in adult tissues (including T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells). Using this new reporter strain, separation of excised from nonexcised cells in vitro was achieved in thymocytes in a noninvasive manner based on activated EGFP expression. This new EGFP reporter strain should facilitate a variety of conditional gene-targeting experiments, including the functional studies of hematopoietic cells in lineage-specific knockout mice.
Inhibitory effect of the transcription factor encoded by the mutant mi microphthalmia allele on transactivation of mouse mast cell protease 7 gene
Authors: Ogihara Hideki , Morii Eiichi , Kim Dae-Ki , Oboki Keisuke , Kitamura Yukihiko 
Published: July 2002

AbstractThe transcription factor encoded by the mi locus (MITF) is a transcription factor of the basic-helix-loop-helix zipper protein family. Mice of mi/mi genotype express a normal amount of abnormal MITF, whereas mice oftg/tg genotype do not express any MITFs due to the transgene insertional mutation. The effect of normal (+) and mutant (mi) MITFs on the expression of mouse mast cell protease (MMCP) 6 and 7 was examined. Both MMCP-6 and MMCP-7 are tryptases, and their coding regions with high homology are closely located on chromosome 17. Both MMCP-6 and MMCP-7 genes are expressed in normal cultured mast cells (+/+ CMCs). Although the transcription of MMCP-6 gene was severely suppressed in bothmi/mi and tg/tg CMCs, that of MMCP-7 gene was severely suppressed only in mi/mi CMCs. The study identified the most significant segment for the transcription in the 5′ flanking region of MMCP-7 gene. Unexpectedly, no CANNTG motifs were found that are recognized and bound by +-MITF in this segment. Instead, there was an AP-1 binding motif, and binding of c-Jun to the AP-1 motif significantly enhanced the transcription of MMCP-7 gene. The complex formation of c-Jun with either +-MITF ormi-MITF was demonstrated. The binding of +-MITF to c-Jun enhanced the transactivation of MMCP-7 gene, and that ofmi-MITF suppressed the transactivation. Although the former complex was located only in the nucleus, the latter complex was predominantly found in the cytoplasm. The negative effect ofmi-MITF on the transcription of MMCP-7 gene appeared to be executed through the interaction with c-Jun.
Serum free light-chain measurements for identifying and monitoring patients with nonsecretory multiple myeloma
Authors: Drayson Mark , Tang Lian X. , Drew Roger , Mead Graham P. , Carr-Smith Hugh , Bradwell Arthur R. 
Published: July 2002

Abstract
Using sensitive, automated immunoassays, increased concentrations of either κ or λ free light chains (and abnormal κ/λ ratios) were detected in the sera of 19 of 28 patients with nonsecretory multiple myeloma. Four other patients had suppression of one or both light chains, and the remaining 5 sera had normal or raised free light-chain concentrations with substantially normal κ/λ ratios. Six of the patients with an elevated single free light chain, who were studied during follow-up, had changes in disease activity that were reflected by the changes in free light-chain concentrations. It is concluded that quantification of free light chains in serum should prove useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of many patients with nonsecretory myeloma.
Expression of the recombination-activating genes in extrafollicular lymphocytes but no apparent reinduction in germinal center reactions in human tonsils
Authors: Meru Nadine , Jung Andreas , Baumann Irith , Niedobitek Gerald 
Published: July 2002

AbstractV(D)J recombination in lymphocytes is mediated by 2 recombination-activating genes, RAG1 and RAG2,which are expressed during lymphocyte development in bone marrow and thymus. Prompted by studies reporting re-expression of the RAGs in germinal center B cells, the expression of RAGs and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) in human lymphoid tissues was examined using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Here it is shown that RAGs and TdT are not reinduced in germinal center reactions. However, RAG+/TdT+ cells are frequently present in extrafollicular areas of tonsils mainly at the boundary between lymphoid tissue and fibrous scaffold. Phenotypic analyses suggest that these cells are B cells. Finally, it is shown that RAG+/TdT+ cells are found more frequently in tonsils than in other peripheral lymphoid tissues. This may reflect an increased influx of RAG+/TdT+ cells as a result of higher antigenic stimulation at this site. Alternatively, this observation may indicate that the tonsils are an additional site of lymphocyte ontogeny.
Influenza Infection During Pregnancy and Risk of Seizures in Offspring
Authors: Lee Yi-Feng , Lin Yi-Hsuan , Lin Ching-Heng , Lin Ming-Chih 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceSeizure is a common neurological problem among infants and children up to age 6 years. Prenatal exposure to maternal influenza infection has been reported to be associated with childhood seizures.ObjectiveTo evaluate the association between maternal influenza infection and risk of childhood seizures.Designs, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study identified mother-offspring pairs from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2013, using records in Taiwan’s Maternal and Child Health Database. Mothers who had influenza infection during pregnancy and their first offspring were identified and assigned to the influenza group. Mothers in the control group were those without influenza during pregnancy and were matched 1:4 with mothers in the influenza group by maternal age, offspring sex, and date of delivery. Offspring were followed up until December 31, 2020. Data were analyzed between March 2023 and July 2024.ExposureDiagnosis of influenza infection during pregnancy defined using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 487.0, 487.1, and 487.8, or International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification codes J09, J10, and J11.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the association between maternal influenza infection during pregnancy and risk of any type of seizures during childhood, including both epilepsy and febrile seizures. Adjusted hazard ratios (AHRs) and 95% CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Pregnancy-related complications were collected as covariates.ResultsA total of 1 316 107 mother-offspring pairs were enrolled, of whom 75 835 mothers (predominant maternal age, 25-29 years; 39 324 male offspring [51.9%]) were assigned to the influenza group and 1 240 272 were matched and assigned to the control group (n = 303 340; predominant maternal age, 30-34 years; 157 296 male offspring [51.9%]). In the influenza group, there was a slightly higher prevalence of placenta previa or abruption compared with the control group (1.6% [1241] vs 1.4% [4350]; P &amp;lt; .001). The cumulative risk of seizures was higher among offspring whose mothers had influenza infection. After controlling for potential confounders, the AHRs were 1.09 (95% CI, 1.05-1.14) for seizures, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.06-1.17) for febrile convulsions, and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.97-1.13) for epilepsy. In the subgroup analysis, no statistically significant differences were observed between the trimesters regarding the timing of influenza infection.Conclusions and RelevanceResults of this cohort study suggest that maternal influenza infection during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of childhood seizures, especially febrile seizures, but not epilepsy. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying childhood neurological development.
Efficient and robust sequential decision making algorithms
Authors: Xu Pan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSequential decision‐making involves making informed decisions based on continuous interactions with a complex environment. This process is ubiquitous in various applications, including recommendation systems and clinical treatment design. My research has concentrated on addressing two pivotal challenges in sequential decision‐making: (1) How can we design algorithms that efficiently learn the optimal decision strategy with minimal interactions and limited sample data? (2) How can we ensure robustness in decision‐making algorithms when faced with distributional shifts due to environmental changes and the sim‐to‐real gap? This paper summarizes and expands upon the talk I presented at the AAAI 2024 New Faculty Highlights program, detailing how my research aims to tackle these challenges.
Association of multiple trace metals in scalp hair with glioma risk: the mediating role of inflammation
Authors: Yan Lingjun , You Honghai , Wang Huiying , Ding Chenyu , He Baochang , Wang Jing , Fang Wenhua , Lin Yuanxiang , Kang Dezhi , Chen Fa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between 35 trace metals in scalp hair and the glioma risk as well as the potential mediating roles of 27 plasma inflammatory cytokines.MethodsA case–control study involving 228 participants was performed in southeastern China. Trace metals in scalp hair were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, and multiplex cytokines were detected based on Luminex® technology. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression in combination with four machine learning methods were used to select trace metals associated with gliomas. The joint exposure effect of trace metals was estimated using the generalized weighted quantile sum (gWQS) regression and quantile‐based g‐computation (qgcomp) algorithms.ResultsBoth LASSO regression and random forest algorithms identified five trace metals (gadolinium [Gd], lithium [Li], thulium [Tm], thorium [Th], and molybdenum [Mo]) associated with gliomas. After adjustments for potential confounders, Gd (odds ratio [OR] = 2.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.89–4.43) and Li (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.04–3.02) concentrations were positively associated with glioma risk, while Tm (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.17–0.73) and Th (OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.28–0.71) exhibited inverse associations. Both gWQS and qgcomp algorithms showed Gd contributed most to the mixture effect. Moreover, there was a significant interaction between Gd and Tm or Th on glioma risk (p < 0.05). Notably, granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) mediated the association between Gd exposure and glioma risk by 25.75%.InterpretationThese findings suggest potential associations of certain trace metals, especially for Gd, with glioma risk, and may provide new insights into the mechanisms underlying from an inflammatory response perspective.
Entropy‐Driven Crystallization of Polymeric Colloids Swollen by Photocurable Resin for Ultranarrow Stopband
Authors: Jo Hyeonbin , Kim Shin‐Hyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractColloidal crystals hold promise as structural colorants, but developing photonic platforms with narrow bandwidth, high reflectance, flexibility, and scalable production is challenging. To address this, all‐polymer photonic crystals are crafted by harnessing the spontaneous crystallization of polymeric colloids dispersed in photocurable resin. These colloid dispersions undergo a fluid‐to‐crystal transition within a narrow volume fraction range, akin to hard spheres. As the crosslinked polymeric colloids swell in the resin, their effective volume fraction increases, reducing the refractive index contrast. This reduced contrast diminishes van der Waals attraction, causing the colloids to behave like hard spheres. The colloids crystallize when their effective volume fraction exceeds 0.494 and fully crystallize at 0.545. Elevated temperatures induce phase transitions at lower volume fractions due to increased swelling. The reduced index contrast leads to ultra‐narrow bandwidth spectra while maintaining high reflectance due to high crystallinity and uniform orientation. Photopolymerization of the dispersions results in flexible all‐polymer photonic films with further reduced bandwidth. This narrow bandwidth enables the creation of multiple peaks within a short wavelength range through film stacking, beneficial for programmable optical codes. Additionally, entropy‐driven crystallization applies to various monomers that swell the crosslinked polymeric particles, opening new opportunities for diverse applications.
Microfluidic Manufacture of Composite Fibers for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Dores Rodrigo , Oliveira Mónica S.N. , Bimbo Luis M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFibrous materials are essential structural elements widely distributed throughout natural systems. In order to replicate and harness the unique properties of natural fibers, microfluidic technologies have been employed and refined to allow for a precise control over the mechanical properties, diameter, alignment, and morphology of spun fibers. To further their versatility and adaptability, and to better mimic their natural counterparts, microfluidics technologies have also allowed for the integration of multiple materials and functional components at the microscale giving rise to composite fibers. These fibers, composed of a combination of different materials, offer a wide range of properties and functionalities that surpass those of their individual components and can be tailored to specific applications. This review discusses various microfluidic fabrication methods, highlighting their advantages and limitations. The review also compares natural and synthetic polymers employed in microfluidic fiber manufacture and examines the influence of process parameters on the properties of composite fibers, such as mechanical strength, porosity, and biocompatibility and discusses the incorporation of nanoparticles, biomolecules, and microstructures within the fibers to tailor their functionality for specific biomedical applications. Finally, the paper provides an outline of current trends as well as future directions for the field.
Head Horn Enhances Hydrodynamic Perception in Eyeless Cavefish
Authors: Ma Zhiqiang , Gong Zheng , Jiang Yonggang , Wu Peng , You Changxin , Dong Zihao , Cao Hongchao , Yang Zhen , Zhao Yahui , Chen Huawei , Zhang Deyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFish can use hydrodynamic stimuli, decoded by lateral line systems, to explore the surroundings. Eyeless species of the genus Sinocyclocheilus have evolved conspicuous horns on their heads, whereas the specific function of which is still unknown. Meanwhile, the eyeless cavefish exhibits more sophisticated lateral line systems and enhanced behavioral capabilities (for instance rheotaxis), compared with their eyed counterparts. Here, the influence of head horn on the hydrodynamic perception capability is investigated through computational fluid dynamics, particle image velocimetry, and a bioinspired cavefish model integrated with an artificial lateral line system. The results show strong evidence that the head horn structure can enhance the hydrodynamic perception, from aspects of multiple hydrodynamic sensory indicators. It is uncovered as that the head horn renders eyeless cavefish with stronger hydrodynamic stimuli, induced by double‐stagnation points near the head, which are perceived by the strengthened lateral line systems. Furthermore, the eyeless cavefish model has ≈17% higher obstacle recognition accuracy and lower cost (time and sensor number) than eyed cavefish model is conceptually demonstrated, by incorporating with machine learning. This study provides novel insights into form‐function relationships in eyeless cavefish, in addition paves the way for optimizing sensor arrangement in fish robots and underwater vehicles.
Host Engineering of Deep‐Blue‐Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with High Operational Stability and Narrowband Emission
Authors: Cai Wanqing , Li Wansi , Song Xiaoge , Zheng Xiujie , Guo Hao , Lin Chengwei , Yang Dezhi , Ma Dongge , Ng Maggie , Tang Man‐Chung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe realization of highly operationally stable blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is a challenge in both academia and industry. This paper describes the development of anthracene–dibenzofuran host materials, 2‐(10‐(naphthalen‐1‐yl)anthracen‐9‐yl)naphtho[2,3‐b]benzofuran (Host 1) and 2‐(10‐([1,1′‐biphenyl]‐2‐yl)anthracen‐9‐yl)naphtho[2,3‐b]benzofuran (Host 2), namely for use in the emissive layer of an OLED stack. A multiple‐resonance thermally activated delayed serves as the blue fluorescence emitter and exhibits an initial luminance of 1000 cd m−2 and long operational stability (i.e., time to decay to 90% of initial luminance) of 249 h. Furthermore, a deep‐blue OLED with an optimized top‐emitting architecture with a high current efficiency of 154.3 cd A−1, is fabricated and calibrated to a Commission International de l’Éclairage y chromaticity coordinate of 0.048. Moreover, the emission spectrum of this OLED has a narrowband peak at 476 nm with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 16 nm. This work provides valuable insights into the design of anthracene‐based host materials and highlights the importance of host optimization in improving the operational stability of OLEDs.
RGB‐based indices for estimating cover crop biomass, nitrogen content, and carbon:nitrogen ratio
Authors: Rosen Lucas , Ewing Patrick M. , Runck Bryan C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPlant cover and biochemical composition are essential parameters for evaluating cover crop management. Destructive sampling or estimates with aerial imagery require substantial labor, time, expertise, or instrumentation cost. Using low‐cost consumer and mobile phone cameras to estimate plant canopy coverage and biochemical composition could broaden the use of high‐throughput technologies in research and crop management. Here, we estimated canopy development, tissue nitrogen, and biomass of medium red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), a perennial forage legume and common cover crop, using red‐green‐blue (RGB) indices collected with standard settings in non‐standardized field conditions. Pixels were classified as plant or background using combinations of four RGB indices with both unsupervised machine learning and preset thresholds. The excess green minus red (ExGR) index with a preset threshold of zero was the best index and threshold combination. It correctly identified pixels as plant or background 86.25% of the time. This combination also provided accurate estimates of crop growth and quality: Canopy coverage correlated with red clover biomass (R2 = 0.554, root mean square error [RMSE] = 219.29 kg ha−1), and ExGR index values of vegetation pixels were highly correlated with clover nitrogen content (R2 = 0.573, RMSE = 3.5 g kg−1) and carbon:nitrogen ratio (R2 = 0.574, RMSE = 1.29 g g−1). Data collection were simple to implement and stable across imaging conditions. Pending testing across different sensors, sites, and crop species, this method contributes to a growing and open set of decision support tools for agricultural research and management.
Emission Library and Applications of 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazole and Its Derivative‐Based Luminescent Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Han Chao‐Qin , Liu Xiao‐Yuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrganic linker‐based luminescent metal–organic frameworks (LMOFs) have received extensive attention due to their promising applications in chemical sensing, energy transfer, solid‐state‐lighting and heterogeneous catalysis. Benefiting from the virtually unlimited emissive organic linkers and the intrinsic advantages of MOFs, significant progress has been made in constructing LMOFs with specific emission behaviors and outstanding performances. Among these reported organic linkers, 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole and its derivatives, as unique building units with tunable electron‐withdrawing abilities, can be used to synthesize numerous emissive linkers with a donor‐bridge‐acceptor‐bridge‐donor type structure. These linkers were utilized to coordinate with different metal nodes, forming LMOFs with diverse underlying nets and optical properties. In this Minireview, 2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole and its derivative‐based organic linkers and their corresponding LMOFs are summarized with which an emission library is built between the linker structures and the emission behaviors of constructed LMOFs. In particular, the preparation of LMOFs with customized emission properties ranging from deep‐blue to near‐infrared and sizes from dozens to hundreds of nanometers is discussed in detail. The applications of these LMOFs, including chemical sensing, energy harvesting and transfer, and catalysis, are then highlighted. Key perspectives and challenges for the future development of LMOFs are also addressed.
Red‐Emitting Pyrazole Azo Hydrazone and Its Metal Complexes for Photophysical Probing, Latent Fingerprints, Anti‐counterfeiting, and Biological Studies
Authors: Krishnamurthy Chethan , Keshavayya Jathi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe present paper discusses the synthesis of unprecedented red‐emitting mono‐azo compound pyrazole azo fluorescent tag (PAFT) by a diazotization method, followed by an electrophilic substitution reaction. Further, the metal complex of PAFT is also prepared by refluxing the ethanolic solution of the ligand with the corresponding metal (RuCl3 and C4H6CuO4.H2O) salts under suitable experimental conditions. The synthesized fluorophore PAFT displays intense fluorescence in the aggregate state and has excellent qualities, including high purity, low cost, eco‐friendliness, and good photostability. These unique characteristics of PAFT led to the development of new fluorescence‐based technology for the in situ viewing of latent fingerprints. Various spectroscopic and analytical techniques are used to confirm the structural characteristics of the synthesized compounds, including UV–Vis, FT‐IR, (1H) NMR, HRMS, TGA, VSM, ESR, and powder XRD methods. The potency of the antibacterial activity of the compounds was evaluated. The results revealed that compound PAFT and [Ru(PAFT)Cl3] H2O showed excellent sensitivity at 0.8 μL/mL against the Gram‐positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.