bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marijuana and Alcohol Use as Predictors of Academic Achievement: A Longitudinal Analysis Among Youth in the COMPASS Study
Authors: Patte Karen A. , Qian Wei , Leatherdale Scott T. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDWe tested the effect of initiating marijuana and alcohol use at varying frequencies on academic indices.METHODSIn a sample of 26,475 grade 9‐12 students with at least 2 years of linked longitudinal data from year 1 (Y1: 2012‐2013), year 2 (Y2: 2013‐2014), and year 3 (Y3: 2014‐2015) of the COMPASS study, separate multinomial generalized estimating equations models tested the likelihood of responses to measures of academic goals, engagement, preparedness, and performance when shifting from never using alcohol or marijuana at baseline to using them at varying frequencies at follow ‐up.RESULTSStudents who began using alcohol or marijuana were less likely to attend class regularly, complete their homework, achieve high marks, and value good grades, relative to their abstaining peers. Changing from abstaining to rare/sporadic‐to‐weekly drinking or rare/sporadic marijuana use predicted aspirations to continue to all levels of higher education, and initiating weekly marijuana use increased the likelihood of college ambitions, while more regular marijuana use reduced the likelihood of wanting to pursue graduate/professional degrees, over high school.CONCLUSIONSThe importance of delaying or preventing substance use is evident in associations with student performance and engagement. The influence on academic goals varied by substance and frequency of initiated use.
Association of School Characteristics and Implementation in the X:IT Study—A School‐Randomized Smoking Prevention Program
Authors: Bast Lotus S. , Due Pernille , Ersbøll Annette K. , Damsgaard Mogens T. , Andersen Anette 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAssessment of implementation is essential for the evaluation of school‐based preventive activities. Interventions are more easily implemented in schools if detailed instructional manuals, lesson plans, and materials are provided; however, implementation may also be affected by other factors than the intervention itself—for example, school‐level characteristics, such as principal support and organizational capacity. We examined school‐level characteristics of schools in groups of high, medium, and low implementation of a smoking prevention intervention.METHODSThe X:IT study is a school‐randomized trial testing a multicomponent intervention to prevent smoking among adolescents. Our data came from electronic questionnaires completed by school coordinators at 96.1% of participating intervention schools (N = 49) at first follow ‐up.RESULTSSchools that implemented the X:IT intervention to a medium or high degree had higher levels of administrative leadership (77.3% and 83.3% vs 42.9%), school climate/organizational health (95.5% and 91.7% vs 66.7%), mission‐policy alignment (90.9% and 100.0% vs 71.4%), personnel expertise (81.8% and 75.0% vs 46.7%), school culture (77.3% and 91.7% vs 53.3%), positive classroom climate (91.4% and 96.2% vs 82.9%) compared with low implementation schools.CONCLUSIONOur findings highlight the importance of considering the school context in future health prevention initiatives.
Patterns in Vegetable Consumption: Implications for Tailored School Meal Interventions
Authors: Orlowski Marietta , Lee Miryoung , Spears William , Narayan Roopsi , Pobocik Rebecca S. , Kennel Julie , Krafka Erin , Patton Susan 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDVegetable consumption is a challenging behavioral target; consumption rates are below recommended levels and when interventions produce improvements, increases in vegetable consumption are typically a fraction of the change in fruit consumption. We describe vegetable consumption within Ohio school meals and examine how fruit selection, the more popular item, impacts vegetable consumption.METHODSFruit and vegetable waste was collected on 11,250 trays from 17 elementary and 16 middle/high schools, using the quarter‐waste visualization method.RESULTSOne in 4 students ate at least a one‐fourth of a cup of vegetables with their school lunch. Consumption was the highest (30.8%) in elementary school buildings with a majority of regular priced meals. Fruit selection was associated with vegetable consumption (p < .001). Middle/high school students who consumed a fruit were 88% more likely to consume a vegetable as oppose to waste it (95% CI: 1.45‐2.42). Fruit selection was also associated with not selecting a vegetable, but the association was of a lower magnitude (odds ratio 1.32; 95% CI: 1.06‐1.64). Trends were similar in elementary schools.CONCLUSIONSFruit and vegetable consumption should be approached as 2 distinct behaviors with particular attention given to vegetables. Fruit items can be leveraged, though, as a means to encourage vegetable selection.
Minding the source: The impact of mindfulness on source monitoring
Authors: Alberts Hugo J. E. M. , Otgaar Henry , Kalagi Janice 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThis study addressed the impact of mindfulness on source monitoring.MethodsParticipants engaged in a brief mindfulness meditation or received no intervention. Next, all participants watched a video of a crime and were then exposed to misinformation regarding this video. Using a source monitoring test, participants’ memory performance was measured.ResultsParticipants who performed the mindfulness meditation showed better source monitoring compared to controls. Mindfulness practice was not found to enhance memory performance.ConclusionsMindfulness practice may entail an effective way to circumvent memory distortions due to incorrect source monitoring.
Prevalence of premastication among children aged 6–36 months and its association with health: A cross‐sectional study in eight cities of China
Authors: Zhao Ai , Zheng Wei , Xue Yong , Li Hao , Tan Shengjie , Zhao Wenzhi , Wang Peiyu , Zhang Yumei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPremastication is thought to be an adaptive behavior in the introduction of complementary plant‐bassed food to infants. It arouses controversy, however, because of the potential for transmitting saliva‐born infectious diseases. The aim of this study was to explore whether premastication by healthy caregivers was associated with children's health and behavior. The data were collected as part of the Maternal and Infant Nutrition and Growth study. From 8 cities in China, 1341 pairs of infants/toddlers and their caregivers were recruited. An interviewer‐administrated questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic characteristics, feeding behaviors, and self‐reported health status. Anthropometric measurements were taken and blood samples were collected for analysis of hemoglobin levels. The overall prevalence of premastication was 26.9% and varies from 14–43% among the 8 cities. Premastication was not associated with occurrences of illness or with the nutritional indicators of height‐for‐age Z score, weight‐for‐age Z score, weight‐for‐height Z score, head circumference Z score and hemoglobin (P all >.05). Premastication occurred more often among infants who were raised by their parents (P = .005), whose mothers' education was lower (P < .001), who were subject to more concern from their parents (P = .022), and whose parents thought their children had an obesity problem (P = .001). Presmastication was not associated with food picky behaviors. Premastication is still a common feeding practice in China. More studies are needed to determine the biological, economic, and cultural benefits or harm from premastication.
Survival of an Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans quorum sensing luxS mutant in the mouths of Rhesus monkeys: insights into ecological adaptation
Authors: Velusamy Senthil K. , Sampathkumar Vandana , Godboley Dipti , Fine Daniel H. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryExperiments were designed to explore a prominent autoinducer‐2 (AI‐2) producing gene (luxS) related to colonization and survival of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, a low abundance member of the indigenous flora, that forms a key component of the dysbiotic flora in localized aggressive periodontitis. The luxS gene was disrupted in a primate strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans before implantation into the oral cavity of Rhesus monkeys (Rh). The colonization efficiency of the luxS mutant (RhAa‐VS4) was compared with the parental wild‐type strain (RhAa3) (positive control) and a ltxA mutant (RhAa‐VS2) (negative control). The in vivo results showed that the luxS mutation had minimal impact on A. actinomycetemcomitans colonization compared with the wild‐type RhAa3 strain. In vitro studies revealed that there was a significant upregulation of attachment‐related genes aae, apiA, and flp in the RhAa‐VS4 strain compared with RhAa3. Biofilm forming ability was also significantly increased in the RhAa‐VS4 strain compared with RhAa3, whereas the AI‐2 signal was ablated. The exogenous addition of the AI‐2 precursor dihydroxy pentanedione allowed the RhAa‐VS4 strain to achieve RhAa3 biofilm levels. This is the first primate study to test the relevance of LuxS in vivo. In vitro assessment suggests that in vivo survival of the RhAa‐VS4 strain was due to the production of signaling AI‐2 molecules derived from other members of the flora as well as the upregulation of genes related to attachment and biofilm formation.
Comparison of genotyping by sequencing and microsatellite markers for unravelling population structure in the clonal fungus Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Rafiei V. , Banihashemi Z. , Jiménez‐Díaz R. M. , Navas‐Cortés J. A. , Landa B. B. , Jiménez‐Gasco M. M. , Turgeon B. G. , Milgroom M. G. 
Published: April 2017

Microsatellite genotyping of a large sample of isolates of Verticillium dahliae from diverse locations recently identified seven distinct genotypic clusters. However, these clusters were not put in the context of phenotypes known to be correlated with clonal lineages in V. dahliae. The objective of this study was to compare clusters defined by microsatellite markers with clonal lineages defined by single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs). Genotyping isolates known to belong to specific clonal lineages (based on SNPs) with microsatellite markers determined the correspondence of clusters and lineages. All but one cluster corresponded to a known clonal lineage, allowing analysis of correlations of phenotypes with microsatellite genotypes from other studies. As shown previously, most race 1 isolates are in lineage 2A, and most isolates with the defoliating pathotype are in lineage 1A. Phylogenetic incompatibility was used to test for recombination or homoplasy caused by hypervariable microsatellite loci; incompatibility was highly correlated with the number of alleles per locus, suggesting that homoplasy caused by parallel evolution of microsatellite alleles is the cause of incompatibility. Microsatellite genotyping of lineage 1A isolates from cotton and olive in Spain over a 29‐year period revealed remarkably little variation; these markers did not mutate enough to provide insight on the spatial and temporal expansion of this clone. Overall, this study showed that microsatellite genotyping can be used to identify clonal lineages in V. dahliae, which has predictive power for inferring phenotypes of phytopathological relevance such as race and pathotype.
Factors influencing blood donation: a cross‐sectional survey in Guangzhou, China
Authors: Ou‐Yang J. , Bei C.‐H. , He B. , Rong X. 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYObjectivesThe present study aimed to determine major factors that influence blood donation in China.BackgroundFactors affecting blood donation often vary in various populations.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study used self‐administered, standardised, structured questionnaires to survey selected donors and non‐donors in Guangzhou, China between 10 December 2013 and 25 June 2014.ResultsAmong the 1080 questionnaires collected, 1034 (95·7%) questionnaires were valid for this analysis, including 602 donors and 432 non‐donors. Results revealed that helping patients (n = 405, 68·2%) was the main objective of blood donation, and self‐perception of poor health (n = 138, 33·1%) was the main reason for not donating. Responses to questions raised by donors and inquiring about a donor's physical condition were thought to be the most important blood donation routines (n = 302, 65·5%). For non‐donors, 90·3% (n = 390) expressed their intention to donate blood in the future, and usage of blood (n = 182, 46·7%) was the most asked question. Prepaid cellular phone cards were the most popular incentives. Raising the awareness of blood donation was the most effective way of enhancing blood donation programmes, and television ads and the internet were the most effective means.ConclusionHelping patients was the main objective of blood donation in China. However, self‐perception of poor health was a major barrier to donating blood. Raising the awareness of blood donation in combination with multiple aspects of campaigns that target different populations with potential blood donors is critical. Television and the internet are the most effective tools for promotion of and recruitment for blood donation.
Predicting weed distribution at the regional scale in the native range: environmental determinants and biocontrol implications of Phyla nodiflora (Verbenaceae)
Authors: Sosa A J , Cardo M V , Julien M H 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAlien plants produce severe environmental and economic losses in the territories they invade. Modelling the spatial distribution of alien species as a function of the environment in the native range has therefore become an essential first step in the struggle against invasions. Phyla nodiflora var. minor is a fast‐growing perennial herb native to South America that has spread through three continents, where it poses a major threat to biodiversity and significantly impacts on conservation and grazing systems, mainly in riparian areas. To assess the distribution of native Argentine populations of P. nodiflora as a function of the environment, we conducted long‐term roadside surveys and associated the occurrence of the plant with climatic, geographical, demographical and vegetation cover variables in a generalised linear mixed model. The plant was recorded in 230 of 431 sites, mostly east of 66°W and north of 39°S. According to the best model, which predicted the data 58% better than random assignment, its occurrence was associated with temperature variables (mean annual values and daytime range) and relative humidity. Based on these associations, we generated a presence probability map for the occurrence of P. nodiflora in southern South America. Understanding the environmental determinants of the distribution of weeds in their native range provides valuable baseline data to further manage the spread of alien species.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: April 2017

Applied Economics and Finance [AEF] would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 2 Aaron Morey, Productivity Commission, AustraliaAndrey Kudryavtsev, The Max Stern Yezreel Valley Academic College, IsraelArash Riasi, University of Delaware, USAAyoub Taha Sidahmed, SIU- Khartoum, SudanEyup Kadioglu, TurkeyFarhat Iqbal, University of Balochistan, PakistanGetamesay Bekele, Debre Berhan University, EthiopiaIan McFarlane, University of Reading, UKIgor Matyushenko, School of Foreign Economic Relations and Touristic Business, UkraineJin Yong Yang, Hankook University of Foreign Studies, KoreaLuca Giordano, IOSCO (International Organization of Securities Commissions), ItalyMagdalena Radulescu, University of Pitesti, RomaniaMagdalena Ziolo, University of Szczecin, PolandMarco Muscettola, Independent Researcher-Credit Risk Manager, ItalyMarta Borda, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandMohammed Alkali Yusuf, Waziri Umaru Federal Polytechnic, NigeriaMurad Harasheh, University of Milan-Bicocca, ItalyPatrycja Kowalczyk-Rolczynska, Wroclaw University of Economics, PolandPayal Chadha, University of Wales Prifysgol Cymru, KuwaitSorin Gabriel Anton, Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iaşi, RomaniaStelios Markoulis, University of Cyprus, CyprusSteven V. Cates, Kaplan University, USASzabolcs Blazsek, Universidad Francisco Marroquín, GuatemalaTaro Abe, Nagoya Gakuin University, JapanVictoria Cociug, Academy of Sciences of Moldova, MoldovaWing-Keung Wong, Asia University, TaiwanY. Saidi, M’sila University, Algeria Nikki GibbsEditorial AssistantOn behalf of,The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and FinanceRedfame Publishing9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416Beaverton, OR 97008, USAURL: http://aef.redfame.com
H2S‐induced gastric fundus smooth muscle tension potentiation is mediated by the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway
Authors: Meng Xiang‐Min , Huang Xu , Lu Hong‐Li , Zhang Chun‐Mei , Kim Young‐chul , Chen Jie , Xu Wen‐Xie 
Published: April 2017

New Findings
What is the central question of this study?
The present study investigated the relationship between H2S and NO in regulation of gastric fundus tension.

What is the main finding and its importance?
Endogenous or exogenous H2S and NO have opposite effects on fundus tension, and H2S‐induced gastric fundus tension enhancements are mediated by inhibition of NO generation through the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt pathway. These results are very important in exploring the mechanism of physiological accommodation and accommodation disorder.

Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) is considered a new gasotransmitter, along with NO and CO. It was recently confirmed that H2S and NO play important roles in the regulation of gastrointestinal smooth muscle tension. The present study was designed to elucidate the interactions between H2S and NO with respect to the regulation of gastric fundus smooth muscle tension using Western blotting, physiological and electrochemical techniques. Real‐time H2S and NO generation was detected in gastric smooth muscle tissue. NaHS, an H2S donor, enhanced fundus smooth muscle tension, whereas SNP, an NO donor, decreased fundus smooth muscle tension in a dose‐dependent manner. NaHS‐induced increases in fundus smooth muscle tension were suppressed by l‐NAME, an NO synthase inhibitor. Aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a cystathionine β‐synthase inhibitor, exerted inhibitory effects on fundus smooth muscle tension; these effects were also suppressed by l‐NAME. Real‐time NO generation was significantly potentiated by AOAA. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation at serine 1177 and Akt phosphorylation at serine 308 and threonine 473 were significantly inhibited by NaHS. LY294002, a phosphoinositide 3‐kinase inhibitor, blocked these NaHS‐mediated effects. However, eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 and Akt phosphorylation at serine 308 and threonine 473 were significantly potentiated by AOAA. Cystathionine β‐synthase siRNA interference significantly increased eNOS phosphorylation at serine 1177 and Akt phosphorylation at serine 308 and threonine 473. Cystathionine β‐synthase siRNA interference also increased total eNOS protein expression levels but did not significantly change total Akt kinase protein expression levels. These results suggest that H2S‐induced enhancement of gastric fundus tension is mediated by inhibition of NO generation through the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase/Akt pathway.
A Western‐style obesogenic diet alters maternal metabolic physiology with consequences for fetal nutrient acquisition in mice
Authors: Musial Barbara , Vaughan Owen R. , Fernandez‐Twinn Denise S. , Voshol Peter , Ozanne Susan E. , Fowden Abigail L. , Sferruzzi‐Perri Amanda N. 
Published: April 2017

Key points
In the Western world, obesogenic diets containing high fat and high sugar (HFHS) are commonly consumed during pregnancy, although their effects on the metabolism of the mother, in relation to feto‐placental glucose utilization and growth, are unknown.
In the present study, the consumption of an obesogenic HFHS diet compromised maternal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in late pregnancy in association with dysregulated lipid and glucose handling by the dam.
These maternal metabolic changes induced by HFHS feeding were related to altered feto‐placental glucose metabolism and growth.
A HFHS diet during pregnancy therefore causes maternal metabolic dysfunction with consequences for maternal nutrient allocation for fetal growth.
These findings have implications for the health of women and their infants, who consume obesogenic diets during pregnancy.
AbstractIn the Western world, obesogenic diets containing high fat and high sugar (HFHS) are commonly consumed during pregnancy. However, the impacts of a HFHS diet during pregnancy on maternal insulin sensitivity and signalling in relation to feto‐placental growth and glucose utilization are unknown. The present study examined the effects of a HFHS diet during mouse pregnancy on maternal glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, as well as, on feto‐placental glucose metabolism. Female mice were fed a control or HFHS diet from day (D) 1 of pregnancy (term = D20.5). At D16 or D19, dams were assessed for body composition, metabolite and hormone concentrations, tissue abundance of growth and metabolic signalling pathways, glucose tolerance and utilization and insulin sensitivity. HFHS feeding perturbed maternal insulin sensitivity in late pregnancy; hepatic insulin sensitivity was higher, whereas sensitivity of the skeletal muscle and white adipose tissue was lower in HFHS than control dams. These changes were accompanied by increased adiposity and reduced glucose production and glucose tolerance of HFHS dams. The HFHS diet also disturbed the hormone and metabolite milieu and altered expression of growth and metabolic signalling pathways in maternal tissues. Furthermore, HFHS feeding was associated with impaired feto‐placental glucose metabolism and growth. A HFHS diet during pregnancy therefore causes maternal metabolic dysfunction with consequences for maternal nutrient allocation for fetal growth. These findings have implications for the health of women and their infants, who consume HFHS diets during pregnancy.