bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental evidence for anisotropic double exchange interaction driven anisotropic transport in manganite heterostructures
Authors: Liao Z. L. , Koster G. , Huijben M. , Rijnders G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn anisotropic double exchange interaction driven giant transport anisotropy is demonstrated in a canonic double exchange system of La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 ultrathin films epitaxially grown on NdGaO3 (110) substrates. The oxygen octahedral coupling at the La2/3Sr1/3MnO3/NdGaO3 interface induces a planar anisotropic Mn-O-Mn bond bending, which causes a significant anisotropic overlap of neighboring Mn orbitals. Due to the anisotropic double exchange interaction, it is found that the conductivity of the La2/3Sr1/3MnO3 film is enhanced when current is applied along the in-plane short crystalline axis. However, the anisotropic behavior is absent in the high temperature paramagnetic phase. Our results demonstrate anisotropic transport in the clean limit where phase separation is absent and the role of anisotropic phase percolation can be excluded.
Human papilloma virus E7 oncoprotein abrogates the p53-p21-DREAM pathway
Authors: Fischer Martin , Uxa Sigrid , Stanko Clara , Magin Thomas M. , Engeland Kurt 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHigh risk human papilloma viruses cause several types of cancer. The HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are essential for oncogenic cell transformation. E6 mediates the degradation of the tumor suppressor p53, and E7 can form complexes with the retinoblastoma pRB tumor suppressor. Recently, it has been shown that HPV E7 can also interfere with the function of the DREAM transcriptional repressor complex. Disruption of DREAM-dependent transcriptional repression leads to untimely early expression of central cell cycle regulators. The p53-p21-DREAM pathway represents one important means of cell cycle checkpoint activation by p53. By activating this pathway, p53 can downregulate transcription of genes controlled by DREAM. Here, we present a genome-wide ranked list of genes deregulated by HPV E7 expression and relate it to datasets of cell cycle genes and DREAM targets. We find that DREAM targets are generally deregulated after E7 expression. Furthermore, our analysis shows that p53-dependent downregulation of DREAM targets is abrogated when HPV E7 is expressed. Thus, p53 checkpoint control is impaired by HPV E7 independently of E6. In summary, our analysis reveals that disruption of DREAM through the HPV E7 oncoprotein upregulates most, if not all, cell cycle genes and impairs p53’s control of cell cycle checkpoints.
Young children display an increase in prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity by a same-aged peer
Authors: Messer Emily J. E. , Burgess Vanessa , Sinclair Michael , Grant Sarah , Spencer Danielle , McGuigan Nicola 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAdult humans frequently engage in the reciprocal exchange of resources with other individuals. However, despite the important role that reciprocity plays in maintaining co-operative exchange we know relatively little of when, and how, reciprocity develops. We first asked whether pairs of young children (M = 74 months) would engage in direct reciprocity in a ‘prosocial choice test’ where a donor could select either a higher, or a lower, value reward (1v 2) for a partner at no cost to themselves (1v 1). In a subsequent retest we asked, for the first time, whether young children increase their level of prosocial donating in response to an upwards shift in generosity from an initially selfish partner. In order to determine whether interacting with another child was fundamental to the development of reciprocity we included a novel yoked non-agent condition. The results suggest that the children were engaging in a calculated form of reciprocity where the prior behavior of their child partner influenced their subsequent level of donation days after the initial exchange. Crucially we show that the children were not influenced by the value of the rewards received per se, rather selection by a human agent was key to reciprocity.
VEGF-A Stimulates STAT3 Activity via Nitrosylation of Myocardin to Regulate the Expression of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Differentiation Markers
Authors: Liao Xing Hua , Xiang Yuan , Li Hui , Zheng De Liang , Xu Yao , Xi Yu Cheng , Li Jia Peng , Zhang Xiao Yu , Xing Wei Bin , Cao Dong Sun , Bao Le Yuan , Zhang Tong Cun 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) is a pivotal player in angiogenesis. It is capable of influencing such cellular processes as tubulogenesis and vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, yet very little is known about the actual signaling events that mediate VEGF-A induced VSMC phenotypic switch. In this report, we describe the identification of an intricate VEGF-A-induced signaling cascade that involves VEGFR2, STAT3, and Myocardin. We demonstrate that VEGF-A promotes VSMC proliferation via VEGFR2/STAT3-mediated upregulating the proliferation of markers like Cyclin D1 and PCNA. Specifically, VEGF-A leads to nitrosylation of Myocardin, weakens its effect on promoting the expression of contractile markers and is unable to inhibit the activation of STAT3. These observations reinforce the importance of nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation in angiogenesis and provide a mechanistic pathway for VEGF-A-induced VSMC phenotypic switch. In addition, Myocardin, GSNOR and GSNO can create a negative feedback loop to regulate the VSMC phenotypic switch. Thus, the discovery of this interactive network of signaling pathways provides novel and unexpected therapeutic targets for angiogenesis-dependent diseases.
Gauging the Auditory Dimensions of Dysarthric Impairment: Reliability and Construct Validity of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (BoDyS)
Authors: Ziegler Wolfram , Staiger Anja , Schölderle Theresa , Vogel Mathias 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Standardized clinical assessment of dysarthria is essential for management and research. We present a new, fully standardized dysarthria assessment, the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales (BoDyS). The measurement model of the BoDyS is based on auditory evaluations of connected speech using 9 scales (traits) assessed by 4 elicitation methods. Analyses of the BoDyS' reliability and construct validity were performed to test this model, with the aim of gauging the auditory dimensions of speech impairment in dysarthria.

Method
Interrater agreement was examined in 70 persons with dysarthria. Construct validity was examined in 190 persons with dysarthria using a multitrait-multimethod design with confirmatory factor analysis.

Results
Interrater agreement of < 1 on a 5-point scale was found in 91% of cases across listener pairs and scales. Average reliability was .85. Inspection of the multitrait-multimethod matrix pointed at a high convergent and discriminant validity. Modeling of the BoDyS trait and method factors using confirmatory factor analysis yielded high goodness of fit. Model coefficients confirmed high discriminant and convergent validity and revealed meaningful relationships between scales and methods.

Conclusions
The 9 auditory scales of the BoDyS provide a reliable and valid profile of dysarthric impairment. They permit standardized measurement of clinically relevant dimensions of dysarthric speech.
Motor Examination in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Neral Mithun , Imbriglia Joseph , Carlson Lois , Wollstein Ronit 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe relative importance and use of motor evaluation to diagnose carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is not clear. Because the ulnar nerve is not affected in CTS, we evaluated comparing the strength of the median-nerve innervated muscles to the ulnar innervated muscles in the same patient, through manual muscle testing (MMT) and a handheld dynamometer. Our purpose was to evaluate whether this method, which takes into account patient-dependent factors that would affect both groups of muscles equally, can provide better assessment of CTS. A retrospective case-control review of MMT and dynamometer-measured strength for CTS was performed. The study was performed retrospectively but prior to surgery or other treatment. There were 28 cases (CTS) and 14 controls (without CTS). Positive nerve conduction tests defined cases. MMT of the thenar musculature was found to be unreliable as a test for CTS. Comparisons to ulnar nerve innervated muscle strength did not improve sensitivity or specificity of the MMT examination. Use of the dynamometer improved sensitivity and specificity of motor testing in CTS over MMT. Motor evaluation is important for the diagnosis of CTS, but further study is warranted, specifically to define the method of motor evaluation and delineate the subgroup of patients (predominantly thenar motor presentation) that would benefit most from motor testing and motor-focused treatment.
Single-Epileptic Spasms with or without Hypsarrhythmia: A Study of 16 Patients
Authors: Falsaperla Raffaele , Gutierrez Robinson , Valenzuela Gabriela , Pavone Piero , Fortini Sebastian , Pociecha Juan , Caraballo Roberto 
Published: May 2017

Objective We evaluated the electroclinical features, etiology, treatment, and outcome of 16 patients with single-epileptic spasms (ESs) with or without hypsarrhythmia (WoH).
Methods Nine boys and seven girls had single-ESs. ESs were considered as single epileptic spasm variants when no other spasm occurred for 1 minute before and after each spasm. Age at the onset of ESs was between 2 and 84 months, with a mean age of 11 months.
Results We recognized a group of 15 patients with single-ESs as the main type of seizure; 6 patients with WoH and 9 patients with hypsarrhythmia, respectively. Nine of these 15 patients had other types of seizures before the onset of single-ESs, and 12 patients had other types of seizures during the period in which the ESs occurred. Nine of 15 patients had a structural and seven had an unknown etiology. In 10 cases, the ESs were refractory to antiepileptic drugs, while 4 patients responded well to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), 1 to pyridoxine, and 2 to the ketogenic diet (KD). The remaining patient (patient.16) had single-ESs and electroclinical features of Lennox–Gastaut syndrome (LGS).
Conclusion In this article, we present a series of infants who had daily single-ESs with or WoH. Those with single-ESs with hypsarrhythmia evolved to an epileptic encephalopathy. Video-electroencephalogram (EEG) and polygraphic-EEG recordings are crucial to identify the single-ESs.
The Effect of Payer Type, Disposition, and Day of Surgery on Resource Consumption following Hip Fracture Care
Authors: Barinaga Gonzalo , Sayeed Zain , Anoushiravani Afshin , Wright Erik , El-Othmani Mouhanad , Cagle Paul , Saleh Khaled 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs we shift from a fee-for-service to value-based reimbursement system, it is critical that orthopaedic surgeons assess all characteristics of the patient prior to surgical intervention. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship of payer type and disposition on direct and indirect measures of resource consumption (length-of-stay [LOS], hospital cost, and 30-day readmission). Patients equal to or more than 55 years of age with radiographic evidence of hip fracture necessitating surgical intervention were included. Initially, baseline characteristics, including age, body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologist (ASA) score, fracture type, and instrumentation, were reported by payer type (private versus Medicare) and disposition (skilled nursing facility [SNF], home, and home health). In the second phase, the independent effects of payer type and disposition on resource consumption were evaluated. Lastly, the impact of payer type and day of admission on disposition were assessed. A total of 478 patients met the inclusion criteria. Evaluation of baseline characteristics demonstrated that age and ASA scores were significantly higher within the Medicare and SNF cohorts, when compared with private payers and home/home health, respectively. Medicare as a payer type resulted in an increased LOS (5.6 versus 4.5 days) and greater hospital cost (12.1%) than private payers. Moreover, payer type was not predictive of 30-day readmission. Disposition following operative fixation resulted in an average LOS of 5.8, 4.4, and 4 days for patients discharged to SNF, home, and home health, respectively. No significant difference in hospital stay was noted between home and home health patients. Compared with patients discharged home, in-hospital cost was 33.9 and 12.3% greater for the SNF and home heath cohorts, respectively. Finally, 21.6% of patients discharged to a SNF were readmitted within 30 days. Our results indicate Medicare patients and those discharged to a SNF are more likely to have longer LOS and incur greater costs. Additionally, 30-day readmission is significantly higher in patients discharged to SNF. Thus, patients with hip fracture should be rigorously optimized within the preoperative setting to enhance clinical outcomes. Moreover, additional resources should be allocated to the higher risk patients.
Steigender Konsum von Crystal Meth in Sachsen und dessen Risiken für Mutter und Kind – Erfahrungen an einem Perinatalzentrum Level I aus pädiatrischer Sicht
Authors: Dinger Jürgen , Näther Nicole , Wimberger Pauline , Zimmermann Ulrich , Schmitt Jochen , Reichert Jörg , Rüdiger Mario 
Published: May 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Anzahl bekannter Erstkonsumenten von Methamphetamin ist in Sachsen in den zurückliegenden Jahren sprunghaft angestiegen. Unter ihnen finden sich gehäuft auch junge Frauen im gebärfähigen Alter. Eine Unterstützung mit dem Ziel, die Auswirkungen des Drogenmissbrauches auf das Kind zu minimieren, sollte rechtzeitig, spätestens während der Schwangerschaft, besser noch davor beginnen. Zur Entwicklung entsprechender Angebote sind genauere Kenntnisse hinsichtlich der persönlichen Bedingungen der Frauen sowie der Besonderheiten der kindlichen Entwicklung nach fetaler Drogenexposition erforderlich. Hierzu wurden ausgewählte Daten von allen 129 Frauen sowie ihren neugeborenen Kindern analysiert, die von 2007 bis 2015 unmittelbar postnatal stationär an einem Perinatalzentrum Level 1 wegen des mütterlichen Drogenkonsums aufgenommen wurden. Etwa zwei Drittel der Frauen waren zum Zeitpunkt der Entbindung zwischen 20 und 30 Jahren alt und nur 48% nahmen die erste Vorsorgeuntersuchung bis zur vollendeten 12. Schwangerschaftswoche wahr. Bei den Kindern fielen pathologische Befunde u. a. an Herz, Urogenitalsystem und ZNS sowie eine heterogene klinische Entzugssymptomatik auf. Die vorgestellten Daten sollen die im Bereich der Geburtshilfe und Kindermedizin Tätigen sensibilisieren, um rechtzeitig adäquate Hilfen anbieten zu können. Ein Modell einer im Klinikverbund (Frauenklinik, Kinderklinik, Klinik für Psychiatrie) organisierten zeitgleichen Entzugs-Komplexbehandlung von Mutter und Kind – „Dresdner Versorgungspfad Crystal“ – wird vorgestellt.
Langzeitverordnungen von Benzodiazepinen und Z-Substanzen – deskriptive Analysen über einen 3-jährigen Zeitraum
Authors: Verthein Uwe , Holzbach Rüdiger , Martens Marcus-S. , Buth Sven 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung
Fragestellung Die Mehrheit der Medikamentenabhängigen entwickelt Probleme mit Schlaf- bzw. Beruhigungsmitteln. Das Ausmaß von Langzeitverordnungen von Benzodiazepine (BZD) und Z-Substanzen ist kaum untersucht und dürfte bei der Entwicklung einer Medikamentenabhängigkeit eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.
Methode Auf Basis der GKV-Abrechnungsdaten des Norddeutschen Apotheken-Rechenzentrums (NARZ) für die Bundesländer Niedersachsen, Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg und Bremen wurden für die Jahre 2006–2008 Verschreibungsmuster von BZD und Z-Substanzen prospektiv analysiert.
Ergebnisse Im Zeitraum vom 1.1.2006 bis 31.12.2008 erhielten etwa 1,2 Millionen Patienten Benzodiazepine und/oder Z-Substanzen, was 13,1% aller GKV-Versicherten der hier untersuchten Bundesländer entspricht. 64,4% der Betroffenen sind Frauen. Nach der anhand von Verschreibungsdauer und Dosishöhe entwickelten Risikoklassifikation lassen sich – bezogen auf das erste Beobachtungsjahr – drei Viertel der Patienten in den „grünen Bereich“, d. h. mit leitliniengerechter Verschreibung unter 2 Monaten, einstufen. Patienten mit problematischen bzw. riskanten Verschreibungsmustern, die auf einen Missbrauch oder eine Abhängigkeit verweisen (Risikoklassen „rot“ und „schwarz“), umfassen zusammengenommen 16,7% aller Personen mit BZD/Z-Substanz-Verschreibungen. 84,9% der Patienten der „grünen Stufe“ erhalten im zweiten Patientenjahr keine BZD/Z-Substanzen mehr. Im dritten Jahr erhöht sich diese Quote geringfügig auf 86,7%. Demgegenüber verbleibt jeweils ein großer Teil der als „rot“ (36,2%) und „schwarz“ (41,2%) klassifizierten Patienten noch im dritten Jahr in ihrer riskanten Gruppe, was auf die Entwicklung einer Niedrig- oder sogar Hochdosisabhängigkeit hinweist.
Schlussfolgerung Patienten mit leitliniengerechten Verschreibungen bekommen zum weit überwiegenden Teil in den 2 Folgejahren keine BZD oder Z-Substanzen mehr verschrieben. Bei Patientengruppen mit riskanteren Verschreibungsmustern ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit groß, auch über längere Zeit mit leitlinienabweichenden Verordnungen zu leben.
Circumferential Wall Enhancement on Magnetic Resonance Imaging is Useful to Identify Rupture Site in Patients with Multiple Cerebral Aneurysms
Authors: Omodaka Shunsuke , Endo Hidenori , Niizuma Kuniyasu , Fujimura Miki , Endo Toshiki , Sato Kenichi , Sugiyama Shin-ichiro , Inoue Takashi , Tominaga Teiji 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Identification of rupture sites in patients with multiple intracranial aneurysms is largely based on aneurysm size, location, and shape. Finding circumferential enhancement along the aneurysm wall (CEAW) on magnetic resonance (MR) vessel wall imaging was recently shown to be indicative of ruptured aneurysm.

OBJECTIVE
To investigate the hypothesis that a higher degree of CEAW would identify the site of rupture in patients with multiple aneurysms.

METHODS
We prospectively performed quantitative analysis of CEAW in consecutive patients with both aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and multiple aneurysms (26 patients with a total of 62 aneurysms), using MR vessel wall imaging. Three-dimensional T1-weighted fast spin-echo sequences were obtained before and after injection of contrast media, and the wall enhancement index (WEI) was calculated. Aneurysm characteristics (size, location, irregular shape, aspect ratio [neck-to-dome length/neck width], and WEI) were compared between ruptured and unruptured aneurysms. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals for ruptures were calculated with conditional univariable logistic regression analysis. Analyses were repeated after adjustment for aneurysm size.

RESULTS
Large aneurysm size, high aspect ratio, WEI (above the median values), and irregular shape were significantly associated with aneurysm rupture. After adjustment for aneurysm size, WEI (adjusted odds ratio: 8.8; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-72.6) as well as irregular shape and aspect ratio showed a strong association with rupture.

CONCLUSION
CEAW is associated with rupture of intracranial aneurysm independent of aneurysm size and patient characteristics. Contrast-enhanced MR vessel wall imaging helps to identify the site of rupture in patients with multiple aneurysms.
SPY Elite’s Ability to Predict Nipple Necrosis in Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy and Immediate Tissue Expander Reconstruction
Authors: Venturi Mark L. , Mesbahi Ali N. , Copeland-Halperin Libby R. , Suh Victoria Y. , Yemc Louisa 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Nipple-sparing techniques have improved the aesthetics of reconstruction following mastectomy, but nipple necrosis complicates up to 37% of procedures, distressing patients, delaying adjuvant therapy, and compromising outcomes. No method reliably detects nipple necrosis better than clinical assessment of tissue perfusion. We prospectively assessed the accuracy of intraoperative indocyanine green laser angiography to predict nipple necrosis.

Methods:
Twenty consecutive women undergoing immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction following 32 nipple-sparing mastectomies underwent indocyanine green fluorescence imaging to assess nipple perfusion immediately before and after intraoperative tissue expansion. Imaging findings were correlated with postoperative nipple viability.

Results:
Among the 32 nipple-sparing mastectomies (8 unilateral, 12 bilateral) in 20 women (mean age, 48 years), partial or full-thickness necrotic changes developed in 3 breasts of 2 patients (10%). Imaging identified impaired perfusion and predicted necrosis in these cases.

Conclusions:
In this initial series, intraoperative indocyanine green laser angiography correctly identified patients who developed nipple necrosis during mastectomy and tissue expander breast reconstruction.
Corneal Breakthrough Haze After Photorefractive Keratectomy With Mitomycin C: Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: Kaiserman Igor , Sadi Na'ava , Mimouni Michael , Sela Tzahi , Munzer Gur , Levartovsky Shmuel 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
To identify preoperative and intraoperative factors affecting breakthrough corneal haze incidence after photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) with mitomycin C (MMC).

Methods:
In this retrospective study of PRK performed at the Care Vision Refractive Laser Center, Tel Aviv, Israel, a total of 7535 eyes (n = 3854 patients; mean age ± SD, 26 ± 6 years; 55% men) underwent PRK with intraoperative MMC application. Patients with histories of corneal pathology or surgery were excluded. Incidence, time of onset, and corneal haze severity were documented on follow-up of 118 ± 110 days. Eyes were grouped by preoperative refraction [low (≤−3D), moderate (−3D to −6D), or high (>−6D) myopia; low (≤3D) or high (>3D) astigmatism; low or high hyperopia]; by intraoperative time (above or below 40 seconds); and by MMC application time (above or below 40 seconds). The main outcome measures were incidence, onset time, and severity of corneal haze.

Results:
The haze incidence was 2.1% in eyes with high myopia versus 1.1% in those with low to moderate myopia (P = 0.002), and 3.5 times higher in eyes with high than with low astigmatism (P < 0.05). The overall incidence was higher in eyes treated for hyperopia (10.8%) than for myopia (1.3%) (P = 0.0001). In eyes with moderate myopia, the haze incidence was lower in MMC application time ≥40 seconds (0%) than in <40 seconds (1.3%) (P = 0.03). After surgery, a mild early haze incidence peaked at 68.8 ± 6 days and severe late haze at 115 ± 17 days (P = 0.02).

Conclusions:
Hyperopic and large myopic or astigmatic corrections carry higher risk of haze. Longer MMC application might have beneficial haze prevention.
The challenge of preserving Hong Kong’s successful anti-corruption system
Authors: Scott Ian 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors explaining the success of Hong Kong’s Independent Commission Against Corruption (ICAC) and the challenges which it faces in maintaining that success.

Design/methodology/approach
Utilising a review of primary and secondary sources, a syndrome of success characteristics is developed and analysed against a backdrop of recent high-level scandals involving corruption and unethical behaviour.

Findings
The paper concludes that the institutionalisation of key structures and processes has enabled the ICAC to perform successfully to date but that the prospect of political interference may represent a significant future challenge.

Originality/value
Although there has been widespread attention to ICAC success factors, some important features have been neglected and little academic attention has been devoted to recent political challenges to its position.