bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slab magnetised non-relativistic low-beta electron–positron plasmas: collisionless heating, linear waves and reconnecting instabilities
Authors: Zocco Alessandro 
Published: December 2017

The properties of a non-relativistic magnetised low-beta electron–positron plasma in slab geometry are investigated. The two species are taken to be drift kinetic while we retain Larmor radius effects in quasi-neutrality, and inertia in Ohm’s law. A linear analysis shows that, for small magnetic perturbations, Alfvénic perturbations travel at the electron Alfvén speed, which is based on the electron mass. We discuss the role of the displacement current when Larmor-scale and Debye-scale effects are both retained. We predict the existence of a kinetic electron Alfvén wave which connects to the K-modes of Mishchenko et al. (J. Plasma Phys., 2017 (submitted)) in the electrostatic limit. It is found that linear drift waves are not supported by the system if the two species have the same temperature. Tearing modes can be driven unstable by equilibrium current density gradients. Also in this case, the characteristic time is based on the electron Alfvén speed. Nonlinear hybrid fluid-kinetic equations are also derived. It is shown that each species is described, to leading order, by the kinetic reduced electron heating model (KREHM) kinetic equation of Zocco & Schekochihin (Phys. Plasmas, vol. 18, 2011, 102309). The model is extended to retain first-order Larmor radius effects. It supports collisionless dispersive waves, which can greatly impact nonlinear magnetic reconnection. Diamagnetic effects enter the nonlinear equations via the first-order magnetic compressibility. A minimal nonlinear model for two-dimensional low-frequency isothermal pair plasmas is derived.
Caenorhabditis elegans: nature and nurture gift to nematode parasitologists
Authors: Salinas Gustavo , Risi Gastón 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the simplest animal model organism to work with. Substantial knowledge and tools have accumulated over 50 years of C. elegans research. The use of C. elegans relating to parasitic nematodes from a basic biology standpoint or an applied perspective has increased in recent years. The wealth of information gained on the model organism, the use of the powerful approaches and technologies that have advanced C. elegans research to parasitic nematodes and the enormous success of the omics fields have contributed to bridge the divide between C. elegans and parasite nematode researchers. We review key fields, such as genomics, drug discovery and genetics, where C. elegans and nematode parasite research have convened. We advocate the use of C. elegans as a model to study helminth metabolism, a neglected area ready to advance. How emerging technologies being used in C. elegans can pave the way for parasitic nematode research is discussed.
Hume's Belief in God
Authors: Tarrant James 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHume's Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion1 closes with an endorsement of the very position which it has consistently attacked, namely belief in an orderer. Hume's willingness to oppose arguments supporting a position in which he believes means that, despite mounting severe criticisms, he can consistently support a designer as the optimum hypothesis for order in the world. He produced numerous statements of order in the world and then, in Part 12 of the DNR, alleged that persons of understanding would find that belief in a designer follows.
King Arthur's Round Table—An “Academic Club” in Thirteenth-Century Tuscany
Authors: Wieruszowski Helene 
Published: December 2017

In an impetuous controversy of the kind which was customary between professors and schoolmasters of Dante's age, one Master Mino da Colle di Val d'Elsa, a Tuscan compatriot of Dante's, concludes his answer to a challenging letter by a colleague with the following:
“Besides there is one thing which I should not fail to tell you: although I tolerate anything from your bad presumption as far as my person is concerned I would not bear anything said about the Round Table ruled by the magnificent King and consisting of honorable Knights. And since you had these words you should have made them ashes to your mouth [that is: regret them?] so that this most precious Table might not have been terribly offended. From now on, please, refrain from mentioning it.”
ÉTude Sur Les Manuscrits D'un Texte de Jean Chrysostome De Providentia Dei, Incipit: ‘Ιατρών μεν παίδες
Authors: Malingrey A.-M. 
Published: December 2017

Comme la plupart des œuvres de Jean Chrysostome, le texte dont l'incipit est ‘Ιατρών μεν παίδες nous est parvenu à travers une tradition extrêmement riche. Sans prétendre avoir identifié tous les manuscrits qui le contiennent actuellement, je donne ici la description des soixante manuscrits que j'ai consultés, soit en lecture directe, soit en microfilms, pour établir l'édition critique de ce texte. J'ai été amenée ainsi à apporter quelques corrections et plusieurs précisions aux catalogues sur les points suivants:Dans la tradition manuscrite du Xe au XIIe siecle, le texte qui nous intéresse fait partie d'un ensemble que les catalogues designent tantôt par Adversus Anomoeos, tantôt par De incomprehensibili. J'ai adopte uniformement cette seconde formule, pour eviter toute confusion.
Abfassung, Veröffentlichung und Überlieferung von Augustins Schrift ‘de Doctrina Christiana’
Authors: von Martin Josef 
Published: December 2017

In einem einzigartigen Werke der antiken Literatur, in den gegen Ende seines Lebens 427/8 verfassten Retractationes, hat Augustinus in strengster Selbstprüfung ehrlich und gewissenhaft seine bis dahin abgeschlossenen Schriftwerke einer Überprüfung unterzogen auf die Frage hin, ob sie auch nichts enthielten, das er nicht vor Gott und den Menschen verantworten könne. Er hat Korrekturen angebracht und sich gegen Missverständnisse verteidigt; und gelegentlich hat er auch Einblicke in das Werden und Fortschreiten seiner literarischen Arbeit gestattet. Beides gilt besonders für die vier Bücher umfassende Schrift De doctrina Christiana. Es heisst nämlich Retr. c. 30 (2.4):libros de doctrina Christiana cum inperfectos conperissem, perficere malui quam eis sic relictis ad alia retractanda transire. conplevi ergo tertium, qui scriptus fuerat usque ad eum locum, ubi commemoratum est ex evangel?ο testimonium de muliere, quae fermentum abscond.it in tribus mensuris farinae, donec totum fermentaretur. addidi etiam novissimum librum et quattuor libris opus illud inplevi, quorum primi très adiuvant, ut scripturae intellegantur, quartus autem, quomodo quae intellegimus proferenda sint.
Growing the community – a case study of community gardens in Lincoln's Abbey Ward
Authors: Jackson Jennifer 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCommunity gardens, as previous research has found are as much about growing the community and the individuals involved, as gardening itself. The study of Green Synergy's community garden initiatives within Lincoln's relatively deprived Abbey Ward provided an exceptional case study in which to review the inter-relationship of impact both at a community and individual level. The social element of community gardening in building connections between social and natural capital is explored, and how community gardens can provide a ‘counter-narrative’ to perceptions of place and individual well-being.The qualitative research approach which included observation, interviews, a focus group and workshop was designed to reflect the wide scope of the projects and generate both individual and communal reflection on the projects. The themes that emerged open up a further understanding of the multiple dynamics arising from the collaborative creation of ‘green spaces’ in providing bonding and bridging social capital within communities, together with challenging narratives of individual and community capacity. In so doing, it adds to existing research evidence on the diverse community connections, spaces and products that community gardening engenders.
The South China Sea Arbitration: Bindingness, Finality, and Compliance with UNCLOS Dispute Settlement Decisions
Authors: PHAN Hao Duy , NGUYEN Lan Ngoc 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOn 12 July 2016, the Tribunal in theSouth China Seaarbitration issued its final award. China rejected the ruling as “null and void”. The Philippines dismissed it as “a piece of paper” after initially hailing the ruling a “milestone decision”. The reactions of the parties concerned raise important questions about the bindingness, finality, and state compliance with UNCLOS dispute settlement decisions. This paper addresses these questions by dissecting China’s arguments that the award “has no binding force” and by examining the options available for promoting compliance with the award. The paper also considers the broader question of how states generally comply with UNCLOS dispute settlement decisions and evaluates the significance of UNCLOS dispute settlement mechanisms, including theSouth China Seaarbitration, in the absence of external enforcement.
A role for ErbB signaling in the induction of reactive astrogliosis
Authors: Chen Jing , He Wanwan , Hu Xu , Shen Yuwen , Cao Junyan , Wei Zhengdong , Luan Yifei , He Li , Jiang Fangdun , Tao Yanmei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractReactive astrogliosis is a hallmark of many neurological disorders, yet its functions and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Particularly, the upstream signaling that regulates pathological responses of astrocytes is largely undetermined. We used a mouse traumatic brain injury model to induce astrogliosis and revealed activation of ErbB receptors in reactive astrocytes. Moreover, cell-autonomous inhibition of ErbB receptor activity in reactive astrocytes by a genetic approach suppressed hypertrophic remodeling possibly through the regulation of actin dynamics. However, inhibiting ErbB signaling in reactive astrocytes did not affect astrocyte proliferation after brain injury, although it aggravated local inflammation. In contrast, active ErbB signaling in mature astrocytes of various brain regions in mice was sufficient to initiate reactive responses, reproducing characterized molecular and cellular features of astrogliosis observed in injured or diseased brains. Further, prevalent astrogliosis in the brain induced by astrocytic ErbB activation caused anorexia in animals. Therefore, our findings defined an unrecognized role of ErbB signaling in inducing reactive astrogliosis. Mechanistically, inhibiting ErbB signaling in reactive astrocytes prominently reduced Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK) activity that is important for actin remodeling, although ErbB signaling activated multiple downstream signaling proteins. The discrepancies between the results from loss- and gain-of-function studies indicated that ErbB signaling regulated hypertrophy and proliferation of reactive astrocytes by different downstream signaling pathways. Our work demonstrated an essential mechanism in the pathological regulation of astrocytes and provided novel insights into potential therapeutic targets for astrogliosis-implicated diseases.
The representation of colored objects in macaque color patches
Authors: Chang Le , Bao Pinglei , Tsao Doris Y. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn important question about color vision is how does the brain represent the color of an object? The recent discovery of “color patches” in macaque inferotemporal (IT) cortex, the part of the brain responsible for object recognition, makes this problem experimentally tractable. Here we recorded neurons in three color patches, middle color patch CLC (central lateral color patch), and two anterior color patches ALC (anterior lateral color patch) and AMC (anterior medial color patch), while presenting images of objects systematically varied in hue. We found that all three patches contain high concentrations of hue-selective cells, and that the three patches use distinct computational strategies to represent colored objects: while all three patches multiplex hue and shape information, shape-invariant hue information is much stronger in anterior color patches ALC/AMC than CLC. Furthermore, hue and object shape specifically for primate faces/bodies are over-represented in AMC, but not in the other two patches.
Uncovering active precursors in colloidal quantum dot synthesis
Authors: Frenette Leah C. , Krauss Todd D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStudies of the fundamental physics and chemistry of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dots (QDs) have been central to the field for over 30 years. Although the photophysics of QDs has been intensely studied, much less is understood about the underlying chemical reaction mechanism leading to monomer formation and subsequent QD growth. Here we investigate the reaction mechanism behind CdSe QD synthesis, the most widely studied QD system. Remarkably, we find that it is not necessary for chemical precursors used in the most common synthetic methods to directly react to form QD monomers, but rather they can generate in situ the same highly reactive Cd and Se precursors that were used in some of the original II-VI QD syntheses decades ago, i.e., hydrogen chalcogenide gas and alkyl cadmium. Appreciating this surprising finding may allow for directed manipulation of these reactive intermediates, leading to more controlled syntheses with improved reproducibility.
Multiplexed 3D super-resolution imaging of whole cells using spinning disk confocal microscopy and DNA-PAINT
Authors: Schueder Florian , Lara-Gutiérrez Juanita , Beliveau Brian J. , Saka Sinem K. , Sasaki Hiroshi M. , Woehrstein Johannes B. , Strauss Maximilian T. , Grabmayr Heinrich , Yin Peng , Jungmann Ralf 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSingle-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM) can visualize biological targets on the nanoscale, but complex hardware is required to perform SMLM in thick samples. Here, we combine 3D DNA points accumulation for imaging in nanoscale topography (DNA-PAINT) with spinning disk confocal (SDC) hardware to overcome this limitation. We assay our achievable resolution with two- and three-dimensional DNA origami structures and demonstrate the general applicability by imaging a large variety of cellular targets including proteins, DNA and RNA deep in cells. We achieve multiplexed 3D super-resolution imaging at sample depths up to ~10 µm with up to 20 nm planar and 80 nm axial resolution, now enabling DNA-based super-resolution microscopy in whole cells using standard instrumentation.
Harmonic phase in polar liquids and spin ice
Authors: Bramwell Steven T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMany liquid or liquid-like states remain stable down to temperatures well below the interaction energy scale, where mean-field theory predicts an ordering transition. In magnetism, correlated states such as spin ice and the spin liquid have been described as Coulomb phases, governed by an emergent gauge principle. In the physical chemistry of polar liquids, systems that evade mean field order have, in contrast, been described by Onsager’s theory of the reaction field. Here we observe that in the low-temperature limit, Onsager’s theory may be cast as a prototypical theory of the Coulomb phase. However at finite temperature, it describes a distinct geometrical state, characterised by harmonic functions. This state, labelled here the ‘harmonic phase’, is shown to occur experimentally in spin ice, a dipolar lattice system. It is suggested to be relevant to more general dipolar liquids.
A miR-327–FGF10–FGFR2-mediated autocrine signaling mechanism controls white fat browning
Authors: Fischer Carina , Seki Takahiro , Lim Sharon , Nakamura Masaki , Andersson Patrik , Yang Yunlong , Honek Jennifer , Wang Yangang , Gao Yanyan , Chen Fang , Samani Nilesh J. , Zhang Jun , Miyake Masato , Oyadomari Seiichi , Yasue Akihiro , Li Xuri , Zhang Yun , Liu Yizhi , Cao Yihai 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the molecular mechanisms regulating beige adipocyte formation may lead to the development of new therapies to combat obesity. Here, we report a miRNA-based autocrine regulatory pathway that controls differentiation of preadipocytes into beige adipocytes. We identify miR-327 as one of the most downregulated miRNAs targeting growth factors in the stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) under conditions that promote white adipose tissue (WAT) browning in mice. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments reveal that miR-327 targets FGF10 to prevent beige adipocyte differentiation. Pharmacological and physiological β-adrenergic stimulation upregulates FGF10 levels and promotes preadipocyte differentiation into beige adipocytes. In vivo local delivery of miR-327 to WATs significantly compromises the beige phenotype and thermogenesis. Contrarily, systemic inhibition of miR-327 in mice induces browning and increases whole-body metabolic rate under thermoneutral conditions. Our data provide mechanistic insight into an autocrine regulatory signaling loop that regulates beige adipocyte formation and suggests that the miR-327–FGF10–FGFR2 signaling axis may be a therapeutic targets for treatment of obesity and metabolic diseases.
Pulsed electroconversion for highly selective enantiomer synthesis
Authors: Wattanakit Chularat , Yutthalekha Thittaya , Asssavapanumat Sunpet , Lapeyre Veronique , Kuhn Alexander 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAsymmetric synthesis of molecules is of crucial importance to obtain pure chiral compounds, which are of primary interest in many areas including medicine, biotechnology, and chemistry. Various methods have been used very successfully to increase the enantiomeric yield of reaction pathways, but there is still room for the development of alternative highly enantioselective reaction concepts, either as a scientific challenge of tremendous fundamental significance, or owing to the increasing demand for enantiopure products, e.g., in the pharmaceutical industry. In this context, we report here a strategy for the synthesis of chiral compounds, based on pulsed electrochemical conversion. We illustrate the approach with the stereospecific electroreduction of a prochiral model molecule at chiral mesoporous metal structures, resulting in an enantiomeric excess of over 90%. This change of paradigm opens up promising reaction schemes for the straightforward synthesis of high-added-value molecules.
Biochemical and transcriptomic analyses of drought stress responses of LY1306 tobacco strain
Authors: Yang Huijuan , Zhao Li , Zhao Shimin , Wang Jing , Shi Hongzhi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate drought resistance of the LY1306 tobacco strain. Seedlings of tobacco strains LY1306, ZhongYan 100 (ZY100) and Hong Hua Da Jin Yuan (HHDJY) were treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-6000 to induce osmotic stress. As validation, water-deficit-induced drought treatments, including mild drought (MD; watering 1.5 L/week) and severe drought (SD, without watering) were carried out. Changes in cell morphology, leaf water potential, antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline were determined for each treatment. Transcriptome sequencing was performed for the seedlings treated with 15% PEG-6000. No obvious changes were observed in morphology of LY1306 and ZY100 under osmotic or drought stress; whereas, visible wilting was observed in HHDJY. Superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of LY1036 and ZY100 under osmotic stress were significantly higher than those of HHDJY. Under SD, the MDA content of LY1306 was significantly lower and the proline content of LY1306 was significantly higher than that of HHDJY. Differential genes between LY1306, ZY100 and HHDJY were enriched in functions about alpha-linolenic acid, and arginine and proline metabolisms. LY1306 could increase its antioxidant enzyme activities and proline accumulation in response to drought stress, probably by regulating drought resistance-related pathways and genes.
A Bi-fluorescence complementation system to detect associations between the Endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria
Authors: Harmon Mark , Larkman Philip , Hardingham Giles , Jackson Mandy , Skehel Paul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractClose contacts between the endoplasmic reticulum membrane and the mitochondrial outer membrane facilitate efficient transfer of lipids between the organelles and coordinate Ca2+ signalling and stress responses. Changes to this coupling is associated with a number of metabolic disorders and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and motor neuron disease. The distance between the two membranes at regions of close apposition is below the resolution of conventional light microscopy, which makes analysis of these interactions challenging. Here we describe a new bifluorescence complementation (BiFC) method that labels a subset of ER-mitochondrial associations in fixed and living cells. The total number of ER-mitochondria associations detected by this approach increases in response to tunicamycin-induced ER stress, serum deprivation or reduced levels of mitofusin 2 (MFN2). This method will facilitate the analysis of dynamic interactions between the ER and mitochondrial membranes.
A genetic screen to discover SUMOylated proteins in living mammalian cells
Authors: Komiya Maki , Ito Akihiro , Endo Mizuki , Hiruma Daisuke , Hattori Mitsuru , Saitoh Hisato , Yoshida Minoru , Ozawa Takeaki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPost-translational modification by the Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) is indispensable for diverse biological mechanisms. Although various attempts have been made to discover novel SUMO substrate proteins to unveil the roles of SUMOylation, the reversibility of SUMOylation, and the differences in the SUMOylation level still makes it difficult to explore infrequently-SUMOylated proteins in mammalian cells. Here, we developed a method to screen for mammalian SUMOylated proteins using the reconstitution of split fluorescent protein fragments in living mammalian cells. Briefly, the cells harboring cDNAs of SUMOylated proteins were identified by the reconstituted fluorescence emission and separated by cell sorting. The method successfully identified 36 unreported SUMO2-substrate candidates with distinct intracellular localizations and functions. Of the candidates, we found Atac2, a histone acetyltransferase, was SUMOylated at a lysine 408, and further modified by multiple SUMOs without isoform specificity. Because the present method is applicable to other SUMO isoforms and mammalian cell-types, it could contribute to a deeper understanding of the role of SUMOylation in various biological contexts.
Dielectric Barrier Discharge based Mercury-free plasma UV-lamp for efficient water disinfection
Authors: Prakash Ram , Hossain Afaque M. , Pal U. N. , Kumar N. , Khairnar K. , Mohan M. Krishna 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA structurally simple dielectric barrier discharge based mercury-free plasma UV-light source has been developed for efficient water disinfection. The source comprises of a dielectric barrier discharge arrangement between two co-axial quartz tubes with an optimized gas gap. The outer electrode is an aluminium baked foil tape arranged in a helical form with optimized pitch, while the inner electrode is a hollow aluminium metallic rod, hermetically sealed. Strong bands peaking at wavelengths 172 nm and 253 nm, along with a weak band peaking at wavelength 265 nm have been simultaneously observed due to plasma radiation from the admixture of xenon and iodine gases. The developed UV source has been used for bacterial deactivation studies using an experimental setup that is an equivalent of the conventional house-hold water purifier system. Deactivation studies for five types of bacteria, i.e., E. coli, Shigella boydii, Vibrio, Coliforms and Fecal coliform have been demonstrated with 4 log reductions in less than ten seconds.