bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activities of in vitro laboratory of National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences
Authors: Ansari Israque Hossain , Hasan Mizanul , Azim Mohammad Anwar Ul , Khatun Sakera , Rashid Haroun Or , Hossain Zakir , Mamun Mustafa 
Published: December 2017

The in vitro laboratory of radioimmunoassay (RIA) Division is designed to provide clinical diagnostic service (e.g. hormone assay) and also to facilitate research works related to radioimmunoassay. The in-vitro laboratory is situated at the 9th floor of block-D of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU). Presently the invitro division of National Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (NINMAS) has 18 man powers including doctors, radiochemists, officers, technologists and other laboratory staffs. The equipments used for RIA in in vitro laboratory are gamma counter, micropipettes, centrifuge, magnetic separators, vortex mixture, incubator/water bath, stirrers, deep freezer, refrigerator, pH Meter, analytical balance, test tubes and laboratory glassware etc.A large number of samples are analyzed by the RIA Lab each week. In the year 2013 - 2014 (1st July 2013 – 30th June 2014), a total of 100 assays were done. A total of 25135 samples were assayed by RIA/IRMA in the in vitro lab. Results are reported on every Monday and Thursday of the week.After careful consideration of the local infrastructure, robustness and cost of nuclear and non-nuclear assays, it is likely that RIA methodology will be the main workhorse of routine laboratory diagnostic services of NINMAS.Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 18(1): 64-68, January 2015
A Panel Data Analysis of Jordan’s Foreign Trade: The Gravity Model Approach
Authors: Abu-Lila Ziad Mohammed 
Published: December 2017

This study aims to identify the most important factors affecting the flow of Jordanian foreign trade, with its main trading partners for the period (1995-2016). To achieve this objective, the gravity model was adopted using a random effects model. The empirical findings show that Jordan’s foreign trade is positively determined by Jordan’s RGDP and dummy variable that used to capture the effect of a common border with Jordan. On the other side, distance and similarity index are found to be significant factors in influencing Jordanian foreign trade negatively. Finally, the study found that the RGDP of trade partner and bilateral real exchange rate are not statistically significant. empirical evidence linking bank customers’ participation in financial ads to their attitude. Managerially, this study informs bank managers regarding effective management of financial advert contents in order to influence bank customer’s attitude towards financial adverts.
Spacecraft surface charging induced by severe environments at geosynchronous orbit
Authors: Matéo‐Vélez J.‐C. , Sicard A. , Payan D. , Ganushkina N. , Meredith N. P. , Sillanpäa I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSevere and extreme surface charging on geosynchronous spacecraft is examined through the analysis of 16 years of data from particles detectors on‐board the Los Alamos National Laboratory spacecraft. Analysis shows that high spacecraft frame potentials are correlated with 10 to 50 keV electron fluxes, especially when these fluxes exceed 1 × 108 cm−2 s−1 sr−1. Four criteria have been used to select severe environments: 1) large flux of electrons with energies above 10 keV, 2) large fluxes of electrons with energies below 50 keV and above 200 keV, 3) large flux of electrons with energies below 50 keV and low flux with energies above 200 keV, and 4) long periods of time with a spacecraft potential below ‐ 5 kV. They occur preferentially during either geomagnetic storms or intense isolated substorms, during the declining phase of the solar cycle, during equinox seasons and close to midnight local time. The set of anomalies reported in Choi et al. (2011) is concomitant with a new database constructed from these events. The worst‐case environments exceed the spacecraft design guidelines by up to a factor of 10 for energies below 10 keV. They are fitted with triple Maxwellian distributions in order to facilitate their use by spacecraft designers as alternative conditions for the assessment of worst‐case surface charging.
Conditional Standard Errors of Measurement
Authors: Tong Ye , Kolen Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Errors of measurement for test scores generally are viewed as random and unpredictable. Conditional standard errors of measurement (SEMs) index the amount of error in the measurement process and are required to be reported for tests. Methods of estimating conditional SEMs, based on classical test theory, item response theory, and generalizability theory, are described in this entry. These methods are based on differing assumptions, but the conditional SEMs estimates obtained from these methods are commonly highly related for educational achievement tests.
Q‐Learning
Authors: Laber Eric B. , Rose Eric J. , Davidian Marie , Tsiatis Anastasios A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractQ‐learning is a regression‐based approximate dynamic programming algorithm that is commonly used to estimate sequences of decision rules that maximizes mean utility when applied to the population of interest. Because Q‐learning is based on fitting a series of regression models, it is (i) highly configurable in the sense that these regression models can be chosen to be parametric, semiparametric, or nonparametric; and (ii) extensible to settings with censored, high‐dimensional, or missing data. This entry reviews Q‐learning for decision problems evolving over a finite time horizon including a brief review of open questions and active lines of research.
Nonclinical Statistics
Authors: Altan Stan , Geys Helena , Kuhn Max , LeBlond David , Peterson John 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNonclinical Statistics is an area of statistical application specific to the pharmaceutical industry. The applications are limited to scientific and engineering studies not involving human subjects. It comprises three major areas of the pharmaceutical drug development process: (i) Discovery/Pharmacology, (ii) Nonclinical Drug Safety/Toxicology assessments, and (iii) Chemistry, Manufacturing, and Controls (CMC). The Discovery/Pharmacology studies are mainly concerned with chemical identification and biological properties of potentially therapeutically active compounds (New Molecular Entity, NME). Nonclinical Drug Safety/Toxicology studies aim to characterize toxicity and systemic effects in animal andin vitromodels of the NME. CMC studies aim to formulate the NME into a drug product that has good drug performance characteristics (shelf stability, human absorption, and metabolism). The nonclinical statistical applications cover the entire time span of the drug development process, and play a key role in decision‐making, assessing risks, and making more efficient the drug development process. Much of the application area is subject to compendial and regulatory rules. The tools that are important to the nonclinical statistician include linear and nonlinear modeling, categorical methods, experimental design with emphasis on optimization, Hierarchical Bayesian methodologies and Principal Components analysis.
Fabrication of Au25(SG)18–ZIF‐8 Nanocomposites: A Facile Strategy to Position Au25(SG)18 Nanoclusters Inside and Outside ZIF‐8
Authors: Luo Yucheng , Fan Shiyan , Yu Wenqian , Wu Zili , Cullen David A. , Liang Chaolun , Shi Jianying , Su Chengyong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMultifunctional composite materials are currently highly desired for sustainable energy applications. A general strategy to integrate atomically precise Au25(SG)18 with ZIF‐8 (Zn(MeIm)2, MeIm = 2‐methylimidazole), is developed via the typical Zn‐carboxylate type of linkage. Au25(SG)18 are uniformly encapsulated into a ZIF‐8 framework (Au25(SG)18@ZIF‐8) by coordination‐assisted self‐assembly. In contrast, Au25(SG)18 integrated by simple impregnation is oriented along the outer surface of ZIF‐8 (Au25(SG)18/ZIF‐8). The porous structure and thermal stability of these nanocomposites are characterized by N2 adsorption–desorption isothermal analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis. The distribution of Au25(SG)18 in the two nanocomposites is confirmed by electron microscopy, and the accessibility of Au25(SG)18 is evaluated by the 4‐nitrophenol reduction reaction. The as‐prepared nanocomposites retain the high porosity and thermal stability of the ZIF‐8 matrix, while also exhibiting the desired catalytic and optical properties derived from the integrated Au25(SG)18 nanoclusters (NCs). Au25(SG)18@ZIF‐8 with isolated Au25 sites is a promising heterogenous catalyst with size selectivity imparted by the ZIF‐8 matrix. The structural distinction between Au25(SG)18@ZIF‐8 and Au25(SG)18/ZIF‐8 determines their different emission features, and provides a new strategy to adjust the optical behavior of Au25(SG)18 for applications in bioimaging and biotherapy.
High Edge Selectivity of In Situ Electrochemical Pt Deposition on Edge‐Rich Layered WS2 Nanosheets
Authors: Tang Kai , Wang Xianfu , Li Qun , Yan Chenglin 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent studies show that the Pt electrode can be slowly dissolved into the acidic media and regenerate on the working electrode along with the long‐time hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) test. However, to date, the relationship between the Pt deposition and the intrinsic properties of the working electrode remains elusive. Herein, for the first time, the edge selectivity of in situ electrochemical Pt deposition on layered 2H‐WS2 nanosheets, whose edge surface with rich dangling bonds is chemically active to regulate their properties, especially the interfacial reaction occurring between the electrode surface and the adjacent thin layer of the solution, is theoretically elucidated and experimentally verified by controlling the cathode polarization test using Pt wire as the counter electrode in H2SO4 solution. It is revealed that the layered WS2 nanosheets with rich exposed edges show much stronger interaction with Pt atoms because the terminated S22− or S2− ligands on the edge exhibit much lower binding energy for Pt atoms compared with the apical S2− ligands on the terrace surface. The in situ electrochemical Pt‐deposited WS2 nanosheets with rich exposed edges can act as a highly active hybrid electrocatalyst to accelerate HER kinetics and exhibit commercial Pt‐like HER performance, especially in the alkaline media.
Polymer Encapsulants Incorporating Light‐Guiding Architectures to Increase Optical Energy Conversion in Solar Cells
Authors: Biria Saeid , Chen Fu Hao , Pathreeker Shreyas , Hosein Ian D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe fabrication of a new type of solar cell encapsulation architecture comprising a periodic array of step‐index waveguides is reported. The materials are fabricated through patterning with light in a photoreactive binary blend of crosslinking acrylate and urethane, wherein phase separation induces the spontaneous, directed formation of broadband, cylindrical waveguides. This microstructured material efficiently collects and transmits optical energy over a wide range of entry angles. Silicon solar cells comprising this encapsulation architecture show greater total external quantum efficiencies and enhanced wide‐angle light capture and conversion. This is a rapid, straightforward, and scalable approach to process light‐collecting structures, whereby significant increases in cell performance may be achieved.
Single‐Carbon‐Nanotube Manipulations and Devices Based on Macroscale Anthracene Flakes
Authors: Shen Boyuan , Zhu Zhenxing , Zhang Jinyan , Xie Huanhuan , Bai Yunxiang , Wei Fei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBecause of the outstanding mechanical and electrical properties of carbon nanotubes (CNTs), a CNT‐based torsion pendulum is demonstrated to show great potential in nano‐electromechanical systems. It is also expected to achieve various manipulations for further characterization and increase device sensitivity using ultrlong CNTs and macroscale moving parts. However, the reported top‐down method limits the CNT performance and device size by introducing inevitable contamination and destruction, which greatly hinders the development of single‐molecule devices. Here, a bottom‐up method is introduced to fabricate heterostructures of anthracene flakes (AFs) and suspended CNTs, providing a nondamaging CNT mechanical measurement before further applications, especially for the twisting behavior, and providing a controllable and clean transfer method to fabricate CNT‐based electrical devices under ambient conditions. Based on the unique geometry of CNT/AF heterostructures, various complex manipulations of single‐CNT devices are conducted to investigate CNT mechanical properties and prompt novel applications of similar structures in nanotechnology. The AF‐decorated CNTs show high Young's modulus (≈1 TPa) and tensile strength (≈100 GPa), and can be considered as the finest and strongest torsional springs. CNT‐based torsion balance enables to measure fN‐level forces and the torsional spring constant is two orders of magnitude lower than previously reported values.
Scalable Green Synthesis and Full‐Scale Test of the Metal–Organic Framework CAU‐10‐H for Use in Adsorption‐Driven Chillers
Authors: Lenzen Dirk , Bendix Phillip , Reinsch Helge , Fröhlich Dominik , Kummer Harry , Möllers Marc , Hügenell Philipp P. C. , Gläser Roger , Henninger Stefan , Stock Norbert 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe demand for cooling devices has increased during the last years and this trend will continue. Adsorption‐driven chillers (ADCs) using water as the working fluid and low temperature waste energy for regeneration are an environmentally friendly alternative to currently employed cooling devices and can concurrently help to dramatically decrease energy consumption. Due to the ideal water sorption behavior and proven lifetime stability of [Al(OH)(m‐BDC)] ∙ x H2O (m‐BDC2− = 1,3‐benzenedicarboxylate), also denoted CAU‐10‐H, a green very robust synthesis process under reflux, with high yields up to 95% is developed and scaled up to kg‐scale. Shaping of the adsorbent is demonstrated, which is important for an application. Thus monoliths and coatings of CAU‐10‐H are produced using a water‐based binder. The composites are thoroughly characterized toward their mechanical stability and water sorption behavior. Finally a full‐scale heat exchanger is coated and tested under ADC working conditions. Fast adsorption dynamic leads to a high power output and a good power density. A low regeneration temperature of only 70 °C is demonstrated, allowing the use of low temperature sources like waste heat and solar thermal collectors.
Rational Design of Statically and Dynamically Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries with High Sulfur Loading and Low Electrolyte/Sulfur Ratio
Authors: Chung Sheng‐Heng , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe primary challenge with lithium–sulfur battery research is the design of sulfur cathodes that exhibit high electrochemical efficiency and stability while keeping the sulfur content and loading high and the electrolyte/sulfur ratio low. With a systematic investigation, a novel graphene/cotton‐carbon cathode is presented here that enables sulfur loading and content as high as 46 mg cm−2 and 70 wt% with an electrolyte/sulfur ratio of as low as only 5. The graphene/cotton‐carbon cathodes deliver peak capacities of 926 and 765 mA h g−1, respectively, at C/10 and C/5 rates, which translate into high areal, gravimetric, and volumetric capacities of, respectively, 43 and 35 mA h cm−2, 648 and 536 mA h g−1, and 1067 and 881 mA h cm−3 with a stable cyclability. They also exhibit superior cell‐storage capability with 95% capacity‐retention, a low self‐discharge constant of just 0.0012 per day, and stable poststorage cyclability after storing over a long period of six months. This work demonstrates a viable approach to develop lithium–sulfur batteries with practical energy densities exceeding that of lithium‐ion batteries.
Tailorable Upconversion White Light Emission from Pr3+ Single‐Doped Glass Ceramics via Simultaneous Dual‐Lasers Excitation
Authors: Chen Zhi , Wang Weirong , Kang Shiliang , Cui Wentao , Zhang Hang , Yu Guanliang , Wang Ting , Dong Guoping , Jiang Chun , Zhou Shifeng , Qiu Jianrong 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhite lasers are promising illuminants for emerging visible light communication, which can overcome bottlenecks of lower energy conversion efficiencies and output powers in traditional white light‐emitting (WLE) diodes. However, optical gain materials for white lasers are suffering from great challenges of material growth and growth‐compatible cavity structure where lasing of all three elementary colors can be supported simultaneously. Here, an exquisite physical strategy is demonstrated to realize simultaneous red, green, and blue (RGB) upconversion (UC) photoluminescence for white light modulation for the first time, namely using dual lasers at 850 and 980 nm to stimulate easy‐fabricated glass ceramics (GCs) fiber laser materials (Pr3+ single‐doped germanium oxyfluoride GCs). It is shown that tailorable white light is much more sensitive to lower dopant concentration for GCs than that for glass. Furthermore, compared to glass, UC fluorescence intensities in GCs have approximately two orders of magnitude enhancement. The feasibility of the judicious dual‐lasers excitation tactic is validated for high efficacious RGB fluorescence emission for white light from Pr3+ single‐doped GCs via electronics transition dynamics and theoretical calculations. The white light emission from Pr3+ single‐doped GCs, adjusted by simultaneous dual‐lasers excitation, may open a novel door to develop white light GCs fiber lasers for application in future wireless communication.
Extended Light Harvesting with Dual Cu2O‐Based Photocathodes for High Efficiency Water Splitting
Authors: Niu Wenzhe , Moehl Thomas , Cui Wei , Wick‐Joliat René , Zhu Liping , Tilley S. David 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCu2O is one of the most promising light absorbing materials for solar energy conversion. Previous studies with Cu2O for water splitting usually deliver high photocurrent or high photovoltage, but not both. Here, a Cu2O/Ga2O3/TiO2/RuOx photocathode that benefits from a high quality thermally oxidized Cu2O layer and good band alignment of the Ga2O3 buffer layer is reported, yielding a photocurrent of 6 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), an onset potential of 0.9 V versus RHE, and 3.5 mA cm−2 at 0.5 V versus RHE. The quantum efficiency spectrum (incident photon to current efficiency, IPCE) reveals a dramatically improved green/red response and a decreased blue response compared with electrodeposited Cu2O films. Light intensity dependence and photocurrent transient studies enable the identification of the limitations in the performance. Due to the complementary IPCE curves of thermally oxidized and electrodeposited Cu2O photocathodes, a dual photocathode is fabricated to maximize the absorption over the entire range of above band gap radiation. Photocurrents of 7 mA cm−2 at 0 V versus RHE are obtained in the dual photocathodes, with an onset potential of 0.9 V versus RHE and a thermodynamically based energy conversion efficiency of 1.9%.
Significantly Enhancing the Efficiency of a New Light‐Harvesting Polymer with Alkylthio naphthyl Substituents Compared to Their Alkoxyl Analogs
Authors: Huang Gongyue , Zhang Jun , Uranbileg Nergui , Chen Weichao , Jiang Huanxiang , Tan Hua , Zhu Weiguo , Yang Renqiang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this work, a new benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene (BDT) building block containing alkylthio naphthyl as a side chain is designed and synthesized, and the resulting polymer, namely PBDTNS‐BDD, shows a lower HOMO energy level than that of its alkoxyl naphthyl counterpart PBDTNO‐BDD. An optimized photovoltaic device using PBDTNS‐BDD as a donor exhibits power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 8.70% and 9.28% with the fullerene derivative PC71BM and the fullerene‐free small molecule ITIC as acceptors, respectively. Surprisingly, ternary blend devices based on PBDTNS‐BDD and two acceptors, namely PC71BM and ITIC, shows a PCE of 11.21%, which is much higher than that of PBDTNO‐BDD based ternary devices (7.85%) even under optimized conditions.
All‐Oxide MoOx/SnOx Charge Recombination Interconnects for Inverted Organic Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Becker Tim , Trost Sara , Behrendt Andreas , Shutsko Ivan , Polywka Andreas , Görrn Patrick , Reckers Philip , Das Chittaranjan , Mayer Thomas , Di Carlo Rasi Dario , Hendriks Koen H. , Wienk Martijn M. , Janssen René A. J. , Riedl Thomas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMultijunction solar cells are designed to improve the overlap with the solar spectrum and to minimize losses due to thermalization. Aside from the optimum choice of photoactive materials for the respective sub‐cells, a proper interconnect is essential. This study demonstrates a novel all‐oxide interconnect based on the interface of the high‐work‐function (WF) metal oxide MoOx and low‐WF tin oxide (SnOx). In contrast to typical p‐/n‐type tunnel junctions, both the oxides are n‐type semiconductors with a WF of 5.2 and 4.2 eV, respectively. It is demonstrated that the electronic line‐up at the interface of MoOx and SnOx comprises a large intrinsic interface dipole (≈0.8 eV), which is key to afford ideal alignment of the conduction band of MoOx and SnOx, without the requirement of an additional metal or organic dipole layer. The presented MoOx/SnOx interconnect allows for the ideal (loss‐free) addition of the open circuit voltages of the two sub‐cells.
Effiziente Synthese von arylierten Furanen durch sequentielle Rhodium‐katalysierte Arylierung und Cycloisomerisierung von Cyclopropenen
Authors: Wang Xiaoming , Lerchen Andreas , Daniliuc Constantin G. , Glorius Frank 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEine neue und effiziente Strategie für die Synthese von arylierten Furanen wurde durch die RhIII‐katalysierte Kupplung von N‐Phenoxyacetamiden und Cyclopropenylestern ermöglicht. Mechanistische Untersuchungen zeigen, dass die arylierten Furane durch Arylierung von Cyclopropenylestern gefolgt von einer Cycloisomerisierung entstehen.
Effect of fiber volume fraction on the thermal and mechanical behavior of polylactide‐based composites incorporating bamboo fibers
Authors: Wang Fang , Yang Mengqing , Zhou Shujue , Ran Siyan , Zhang Junqian 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBiodegradable composites reinforced with natural fibers are emerging as advanced materials in structural applications. In this work, green biocomposites are fabricated using hot pressing molding technique, polylactic acid selected as a matrix. The samples are prepared with different fiber volume fractions (30%, 40%, and 50%). Tensile tests are conducted on the specimens to investigate the composite mechanical behavior, and the influences of fiber content on the morphological and thermomechanical properties are evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. There are higher tensile modulus and lower elongation at break for composites with increasing fiber content, respectively. Much variation in the tensile strength is observed when the fiber content is varied, which could be attributed to fiber agglomerations that affect the dispersion of fibers in the matrix, as evidenced by fracture surfaces. Thermal tests demonstrate that the increment of fiber content enhances the glass transition temperature and crystallization temperature of composites. Besides, a comparative analysis of the composites is performed, and the properties of the treated fiber composites are found to be improved compared to those from untreated fibers. Detailed analysis confirms the possibility of the addition of bamboo fibers to a biodegradable matrix for a specific application. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46148.