bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Candida albicans β-Glucan-Containing Particles Increase HO-1 Expression in Oral Keratinocytes via a Reactive Oxygen Species/p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase/Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Ishida Yoko , Ohta Kouji , Naruse Takako , Kato Hiroki , Fukui Akiko , Shigeishi Hideo , Nishi Hiromi , Tobiume Kei , Takechi Masaaki 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Oral keratinocytes provide the first line of host defense against oral candidiasis. We speculated that interactions of fungal cell wall components with oral keratinocytes regulate the stress response against
Candida
infection and examined the expression of genes induced by heat-killed
Candida albicans
in oral immortalized keratinocytes using a cDNA microarray technique. Of 24,000 genes revealed by that analysis, we focused on HO-1, a stress-inducible gene, as its expression was increased by both heat-killed and live
C. albicans
. In histological findings, HO-1 expression in the superficial layers of the oral epithelium following
Candida
infection was elevated compared to that in healthy epithelium. We then investigated fungal cell wall components involved in induction of HO-1 expression and found that β-glucan-containing particles (β-GPs) increased its expression. Furthermore, β-glucan was observed on the surface of both heat-killed
C. albicans
and
Candida
cells that had invaded the oral epithelium. Fungal β-GPs also promoted induction of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase activation, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation, while those specific inhibitors inhibited the HO-1 expression induced by fungal β-GPs. Moreover, fungal β-GPs induced Nrf2 translocation into nuclei via p38 MAPK signaling, while the HO-1 expression induced by fungal β-GPs was inhibited by Nrf2-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA). Finally, knockdown of cells by HO-1- and Nrf2-specific siRNAs resulted in increased β-GP-mediated ROS production compared to that in the control cells. Our results show that the HO-1 induced by fungal β-GPs via ROS/p38 MAPK/Nrf2 from oral keratinocytes may have important roles in host defense against the stress caused by
Candida
infection in the oral epithelium.
Nonstructural Protein σ1s Is Required for Optimal Reovirus Protein Expression
Authors: Phillips Matthew B. , Stuart Johnasha D. , Simon Emily J. , Boehme Karl W. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Reovirus nonstructural protein σ1s is required for the establishment of viremia and hematogenous viral dissemination. However, the function of σ1s during the reovirus replication cycle is not known. In this study, we found that σ1s was required for efficient reovirus replication in simian virus 40 (SV40)-immortalized endothelial cells (SVECs), mouse embryonic fibroblasts, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and T84 human colonic epithelial cells. In each of these cell lines, wild-type reovirus produced substantially higher viral titers than a σ1s-deficient mutant. The σ1s protein was not required for early events in reovirus infection, as evidenced by the fact that no difference in infectivity between the wild-type and σ1s-null viruses was observed. However, the wild-type virus produced markedly higher viral protein levels than the σ1s-deficient strain. The disparity in viral replication did not result from differences in viral transcription or protein stability. We further found that the σ1s protein was dispensable for cell killing and the induction of type I interferon responses. In the absence of σ1s, viral factory (VF) maturation was impaired but sufficient to support low levels of reovirus replication. Together, our results indicate that σ1s is not absolutely essential for viral protein production but rather potentiates reovirus protein expression to facilitate reovirus replication. Our findings suggest that σ1s enables hematogenous reovirus dissemination by promoting efficient viral protein synthesis, and thereby reovirus replication, in cells that are required for reovirus spread to the blood.

IMPORTANCE
Hematogenous dissemination is a critical step in the pathogenesis of many viruses. For reovirus, nonstructural protein σ1s is required for viral spread via the blood. However, the mechanism by which σ1s promotes reovirus dissemination is unknown. In this study, we identified σ1s as a viral mediator of reovirus protein expression. We found several cultured cell lines in which σ1s is required for efficient reovirus replication. In these cells, wild-type virus produced substantially higher levels of viral protein than a σ1s-deficient mutant. The σ1s protein was not required for viral mRNA transcription or viral protein stability. Since reduced levels of viral protein were synthesized in the absence of σ1s, the maturation of viral factories was impaired, and significantly fewer viral progeny were produced. Taken together, our findings indicate that σ1s is required for optimal reovirus protein production, and thereby viral replication, in cells required for hematogenous reovirus dissemination.
Maternal ADHD symptoms, child ADHD symptoms and broader child outcomes
Authors: Efron Daryl , Furley Kirsten , Gulenc Alisha , Sciberras Emma 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveThis study investigated the associations between maternal symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and child functional outcomes in a community-based sample of children with and without ADHD.Design and settingIn this cohort study, children with ADHD and healthy controls were recruited through schools in Melbourne, Australia, using a combined screening (Conners 3 ADHD Index) and case confirmation (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV) procedure.Patients117 children with ADHD and 149 control children were included in the analyses.Main outcome measuresMaternal ADHD symptoms (Conners Adult ADHD Rating Scale) and child outcomes (ADHD severity, quality of life (QoL), academic competence, social-emotional functioning) were measured at a mean child age of 8.9 years.ResultsMothers of children with ADHD had clinically elevated ADHD symptoms compared with mothers of control children (adjusted analysis: 18.0% vs 2.0%, P<0.001). Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were associated with greater child ADHD symptom severity and lower QoL by maternal report for children with (severity P=0.01; QoL P=0.003) and without (severity P=0.003; QoL P=0.003) ADHD. Elevated maternal ADHD symptoms were additionally associated with increased parent-rated emotional problems, peer problems and total impairment scores in children without ADHD (all P<0.01).ConclusionsMaternal ADHD symptoms are associated with increased ADHD symptom severity and reduced QoL by maternal report in offspring with or without ADHD, and have broader negative associations with emotional and social functioning in children without ADHD. In the evaluation of the referred children, maternal ADHD symptoms should be considered and referral made to adult services where indicated.
Chronic tic disorders in children with ADHD
Authors: Poh William , Payne Jonathan M , Gulenc Alisha , Efron Daryl 
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveTo examine in a community-based cohort: (1) the prevalence of chronic tic disorder (CTD) in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) compared with non-ADHD controls at ages 7 and 10; and (2) the additional psychiatric and functional burden of CTD in children with ADHD.MethodsChildren aged 6–8 years with ADHD (n=179) and controls (n=212) were recruited through 43 Victorian schools using parent and teacher screening surveys (Conners 3 ADHD Index), followed by case confirmation (Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV (DISC-IV)). CTD was identified using the DISC-IV categories chronic motor tic disorder, chronic vocal tic disorder or Tourette syndrome at baseline and 36-month follow-up. Internalising and externalising disorders, social functioning, academic performance and quality of life were also measured. Tests of proportions and independent t-tests were used to compare the ADHD+CTD group with sex-matched ADHD alone children.ResultsCompared with controls, children with ADHD were 4.1 (95% CI 1.1 to 14.1) times more likely to have CTD at age 7, and 5.9 (95% CI 1.6 to 17.9) times more likely at age 10. Children with ADHD+CTD experienced higher rates of internalising disorders and peer problems, and poorer quality of life than those with ADHD alone.ConclusionsCTD prevalence is higher in children with ADHD compared with controls, and confers substantial additional psychiatric and functional burden. Clinicians need to consider CTD in both the initial assessment and ongoing management of children with ADHD, and address both the symptoms and the associated impairments.
Infant feeding practices among HIV-exposed infants less than 6 months of age in Bomet County, Kenya: an in-depth qualitative study of feeding choices
Authors: Lang’at Purity Chepkorir , Ogada Irene , Steenbeek Audrey , MacDonald Noni E , Ochola Sophie , Bor Wesley , Odinga Godfrey 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundIn children, HIV can be acquired from the mother during pregnancy, delivery and through breast milk. The WHO recommends exclusive breast feeding or exclusive replacement feeding for the first 6 months after birth for HIV-exposed infants. Barriers such as HIV-related stigma, inadequate resources, lack of access to safe water and negative cultural beliefs have been shown to influence infant feeding among HIV-exposed infants in some settings. In Kenya, there is limited literature on the barriers. The purpose of this study was to identify barriers to optimal feeding among HIV-exposed infants 0–5 months of age attending a mission hospital in Bomet County, Kenya.MethodsA cross-sectional qualitative study was conducted at a referral mission hospital in Bomet County, Southwest Kenya. Four focused group discussions were conducted among mothers/caregivers of HIV-exposed infants aged 0–5 months in accordance with their infant feeding practices, while two key informant interviews were also held with healthcare workers. All sessions were audio recorded and later transcribed verbatim. Content analysis was performed, and conclusions were made based on identified themes.ResultsFactors influencing the infant feeding choices were: financial constraints, cultural beliefs and practices, HIV-related stigma and conflicting knowledge among mothers/caregivers and healthcare workers on the recommendations for feeding HIV-exposed infants 0–5 months of age.ConclusionsHealth worker retraining in and reinforcement of WHO guidance on feeding HIV exposed/infected infants will clarify misconceptions around feeding HIV exposed/infected infants, though there remain social and economic barriers to full implementation.
Home polygraphic recording with telemedicine monitoring for diagnosis and treatment of sleep apnoea in stroke (HOPES Study): study protocol for a single-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Kotzian Stefan Thomas , Schwarzinger Angela , Haider Sandra , Saletu Bernd , Spatt Josef , Saletu Michael Timothy 
Published: January 2018

IntroductionMeta-analyses report that more than 50% of patients who had a stroke suffer from moderate to severe sleep apnoea (SA), with adherence rates to positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy of only 30%. The primary objective of this study is to determine whether PAP adherence in patients who had a stroke with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) can be improved by a PAP training strategy during inhospital rehabilitation combined with a telemedicine monitoring system after discharge. Further objectives are (1) to compare the validity of a non-attended level-III polygraphy with that of a level-II polysomnography (PSG) in the diagnosis of SA, (2) to compare the validity of an apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI) yielded by the PAP device with that obtained during PSG, (3) to determine changes in nocturnal systolic blood pressure (BP) due to PAP therapy with the pulse transit time (PTT) method and (4) to assess the impact of telemonitored PAP therapy on neurorehabilitation outcome parameters.Methods and analysesSingle-blind, monocentre, randomised controlled trial. It includes 55 patients who had a subacute stroke, aged 19–70 years, with moderate to severe OSA, who have undergone successful PAP training and titration at the neurorehabilitation unit. Patients are randomised to either a standard care group or a telemedicine group.PAP adherence, sleep and respiratory variables, subjective and objective sleep quality, systolic BP (PTT method) of the two groups are compared after 3 months and 1 year as well as cognitive and motor neurorehabilitation outcome parameters, quality of life and PAP satisfaction. Additionally, intranight AHI/total sleep time versus AHI/time in bed and night-to-night variability of the AHI are assessed.Ethics and disseminationBefore screening, all participants will be provided with oral and written information. The study will be disseminated by peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.Trial registration numberNCT02748681; Pre-results.
Investigation of Power Quality Improvement in Super Lift Luo Converter
Authors: Gnanavadivel J , Senthil Kumar N , Naga Priya C.N , Krishna Veni K.S 
Published: January 2018

<p align="justify">This paper presents the improved single phase AC-DC super lift Luo converter for enhancing quality of power by mitigating the issues. The proposed converter is used for output voltage control, power factor improvement and reduced source current harmonics at supply side. The main intention of this work is to design appropriate closed loop controllers for this AC-DC super lift Luo converter to achieve unity power factor in the source end. The designed control system comprises of two control loops, voltage control in outer loop and the current controller is devised in the inner loop. Fuzzy controller is used for current controller whereas PI controller as voltage controller. In the MATLAB/SIMULINK platform, simulation of the proposed AC-DC super lift Luo converter is done. It is clear from the simulation results that PI integrated fuzzy controller for voltage and control is proven to be better than classical PI with hysteresis controllers. The proposed system is able to achieve high input power factor along with supply current harmonic distortions of less than 5%.</p>
Coronary Embolism Among ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction Patients
Authors: Popovic Batric , Agrinier Nelly , Bouchahda Nidhal , Pinelli Samuel , Maigrat Charles Henry , Metzdorf Pierre Adrien , Selton Suty Christine , Juillière Yves , Camenzind Edoardo 
Published: January 2018

Background—
Coronary artery embolism (CE) is recognized as an important nonatherosclerotic cause of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. The objective was to describe clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes and to identify risks factors of CE in a large consecutive series of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction patients.

Methods and Results—

We studied 1232 consecutive patients who presented with de novo ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction. CE was diagnosed based on criteria encompassing clinical, angiographic, and diagnostic imaging findings. A total of 53 patients were identified in the CE group including 12 (22.6%) patients with multisites CE and 9 patients with other extracoronary localization. Compared with the non-CE group, age and coronary risks factors were not significantly different in the CE group except for smoking (
P
=0.03) and body mass index (
P
<0.001). Interventional coronary procedures were characterized by a higher use of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors (
P
<0.001) and lower use of angioplasty (
P
<0.001) in the CE group. The most frequent underlying cardiac diseases were atrial fibrillation (n=15, 28.3%) followed by dilated cardiomyopathy (n=5), endocarditis (n=4), and intracardiac tumor (n=3), whereas among systemic diseases, malignancy (n=8) and systemic autoimmune disease or antiphospholipid syndrome (n=4) were present. No etiopathological mechanisms could be identified in 14 patients (26.4%). Coronary embolism was associated with a higher risk of death (crude hazard ratio, 4.87; 95% confidence interval, 2.52–9.39;
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions—
Etiopathogenesis of ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction secondary to CE is diverse ranging from cardiac to systemic disease, and patient long-term survival is worse than expected according to the baseline cardiovascular risk.
Long-term History in a Moroccan Oasis Zone: The Middle Draa Project 2015
Authors: Mattingly David J. , Bokbot Youssef , Sterry Martin , Cuénod Aurelie , Fenwick Corisande , Gatto Maria Carmela , Ray Nick , Rayne Louise , Janin Katrien , Lamb Andrew , Mugnai Niccoló , Nikolaus Julia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article describes the research questions and presents the initialamsdates of the Middle Draa Project (southern Morocco), a collaborative field survey project between the University of Leicester and the Institut National des Sciences de l’Archéologie et du Patrimoine (insap) of Morocco. Starting from a very low baseline of past archaeological research in this pre-desert valley, the overall objective of the project is to establish the extent, character and chronology of the rich archaeology of the Wadi Draa. The results presented here detail a hitherto unknown phase of major occupation in the Draa in the 4th-6th centuriesadevidenced by complex hilltop settlements and extensive cairn cemeteries (an initial typology is presented). A second medieval phase comprised major urban centres that are contemporary with the Almoravid and Almohad periods of Moroccan history. Alongside these urban centres, there are the remains of substantial mudbrick oasis settlements and irrigation and field-systems of a contemporary date. A key contribution of this paper concerns the construction of an outline chronology based upon initial analysis of the ceramics collected, but crucially supplemented and supported by a major program ofamsdating. The remote sensing and field survey data collected by the project enable us to develop some hypotheses concerning the long-term history of this important oasis valley.
The Ferret as a Surgical Model for Vocal Fold Scar Creation and Treatment
Authors: Kodama Haruka , Kumai Yoshihiko , Nishimoto Kohei , Toya Yutaka , Miyamaru Satoru , Furushima Shinobu , Yumoto Eiji 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: To develop a vocal fold (VF) scarring procedure in the ferret, characterize the scars histologically, and test the injectability of the lamina propria (LP). Secondarily, to compare laryngeal anatomy of the ferret with rat and rabbit. Materials and Methods: The larynges of 18 male ferrets were prepared by unilateral scarring, and normal larynges from 6 female Wistar rats and 5 male albino rabbits were used for comparative purposes. For scarring, the right VF were electrocauterized, ablating the entire LP. Prior to harvesting the larynges at 4 and 16 weeks, each ferret was re-anesthetized, and in 3 animals, India ink was injected into the LPs of both normal and scarred VFs. Results: Laryngoscopic methods and instrumentation for precise visualization, scarring, and injection were developed. The scarred VFs had reduced hyaluronic acid and increased collagen type I, III, and fibronectin compared with normal VFs. The 2 timepoints (4 and 16 weeks) differed significantly only in collagen type III level (levels were higher at 4 weeks). Injected ink migrated from scarred LP to muscle layer just beneath the scarred tissue 3 hours after injection. Conclusion: The ferret is a promising species for creation and experimental treatment of vocal fold scar.
Utility of 3-Month Surveillance F-18 FDG PET/CT in Surgically Resected Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Marquardt Michael , Anderson Carryn , Ginader Timothy , Parkhurst Jessica , Pagedar Nitin , Bayon Rodrigo , Clamon Gerald , Hoover Andrew , Buatti John 
Published: January 2018

Objectives: To evaluate the performance of surveillance F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) 1 year after imaging in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients treated with definitive surgery and adjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy (RT). Methods and Materials: Surveillance PET/CT accuracy was retrospectively evaluated in OSCC patients receiving surgical resection and (chemo)RT. Pathologic risk factors were assessed for influence on accuracy of the post-RT PET/CT. Results: Fifty-four patients with median follow-up of 3.8 years met inclusion criteria. A PET/CT obtained a median of 3.4 months after RT revealed 11 (20.4%) instances of true disease recurrence: 4 locoregional alone, 6 distant alone, and 1 patient with locoregional and distant disease. Locoregional detection sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were 55.6%, 75.0%, 33.3%, and 88.2%, respectively. For distant recurrence, the respective values were 100%, 95.2%, 77.8%, and 100%. Absence of bone invasion, absence of pT4 disease, and disease within the tongue were independently associated with higher sensitivity ( P = .048). Perineural invasion was associated with increased specificity ( P = .027), and tumor location in the tongue was associated with a higher PPV ( P = .007) on surveillance PET/CT. Conclusions: Post-RT PET/CT accuracy information for surgically managed OSCC patients demonstrates significant associations with pathologic factors.
Water and energy saving potential by adopting pressure-reducing measures in high-rise building: A case analysis
Authors: Zhao Jinhui , Xie Xi , Liu Ranbin , Sun Yao , Wu Mengke , Gu Jiahua 
Published: January 2018

Indoor domestic water demands are increasing rapidly in many cities of China, among the causes, water wastage due to overpressure outflow (OPO) at water distribution points in buildings, especially in high-rise buildings, is a factor that has not gained much attention. Field tests in 23 high-rise public buildings and laboratory tests were conducted to quantitatively evaluate the influence of water pressure on water consumption in buildings. The water-saving potential by adopting pressure reducing measures was theoretically analyzed and verified based on a case study. Results indicated that water consumption is closely related to water pressure and overpressure outflow is a very common culprit of water wastage in high-rise buildings. Pressure management measures, such as branch pipe pressure-reducing valves, can reduce water consumption in buildings and improve the comfortability of use as well. Based on the laboratory pressure–outflow characteristics study of different water appliances, water-saving potential of pressure reducing measures can be theoretically evaluated. Case study demonstrated a theoretical reduction of 19.4% in water consumption by adopting branch pipe pressure-reducing valves, an actual 14,773 m3 water (11.9% reduction) and 15,955 kWh embodied energy was saved in 2015 after the implementation of branch pipe pressure-reducing valves retrofitting measure. Therefore, despite the current measures of adopting high-efficiency water appliances and/or utilization of unconventional water resources in buildings, implementation of pressure management measures is highly recommended in designing water supply system for new high-rise buildings and reconstruction of water supply system in existing high-rise buildings, thereby, promoting water, energy saving, and development of green building. Practical application: Water and energy saving in building is gaining more and more attention, however, water wastage due to overpressure outflow in buildings has not gained much attention. Based on field and laboratory tests, the water and energy saving potential in building water supply system were evaluated theoretically and further verified by a case study. Results indicate that pressure management measures such as branch pipe pressure reducing valves (PRVs) can reduce water and energy consumption in buildings. We strongly suggest that pressure management measures should be implemented in buildings, thereby, promoting water, energy saving, and development of green building.