bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acute chest syndrome among children hospitalized with vaso‐occlusive crisis: A nationwide study in the United States
Authors: Takahashi Takuto , Okubo Yusuke , Handa Atsuhiko 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeAcute chest syndrome (ACS) is a common complication among pediatric inpatients with sickle cell disease and vaso‐occlusive crisis (VOC). However, little is known about the factors associated with ACS complication. The present study assessed the epidemiological features of children hospitalized with VOC and ascertained factors associated with ACS complication.MethodsHospital discharge records of patients with VOC aged <20 years were obtained for the years 2003, 2006, 2009, and 2012 from the Kids’ Inpatient Database. Data were weighted to estimate the annual hospitalization rates with respect to gender and race/ethnicity in the United States. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to ascertain factors associated with ACS complication after adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics.ResultsThe total annual hospitalizations for VOC increased from 22,511 in 2003 to 24,292 in 2012. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that children aged 5–9 years had 2.59 times higher odds of ACS than children aged 15–19 years (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.32–2.88). Comorbidity of asthma (odds ratio [OR], 1.42; 95% CI, 1.31–1.54) and obstructive sleep apnea (OR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.31–2.20) were associated with ACS development. ACS was also associated with male gender and the summer and fall seasons.ConclusionWe reported nationwide estimates of the annual hospitalization rate for childhood VOC in the United States and demonstrated the major risk factors associated with ACS complication. Vigilance is needed for ACS complications in high‐risk VOC admissions.
Malignancy in Renal Transplant Recipients Exposed to Cyclophosphamide Prior to Transplantation for the Treatment of Native Glomerular Disease
Authors: Jorgenson Margaret R. , Descourouez Jillian L. , Singh Tripti , Astor Brad C. , Panzer Sarah E. 
Published: November 2017

Study ObjectiveTo evaluate the risk of posttransplantation malignancy in renal transplant recipients exposed to pretransplantation cyclophosphamide for the treatment of glomerular nephropathy (GN).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingTertiary academic medical center.PatientsSix hundred adult renal transplant recipients were transplanted between 1993 and 2014; 54 patients were exposed to pretransplantation cyclophosphamide for treatment of GN (GN‐CYC group), and 546 patients with polycystic kidney disease were not exposed to pretransplantation cyclophosphamide (PKD group).Measurement and Main ResultsData were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records. The primary outcome was occurrence of posttransplantation malignancy. During a median follow‐up of 5.5 years, 130 patients developed malignancy (incidence rate 3.5 events per 100 person‐yrs). Exposure to cyclophosphamide before transplantation was significantly associated with malignancy after transplantation (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–4.22, p=0.02), specifically skin cancer (aHR 2.24, 95% CI 1.09–4.60, p=0.03). Malignancy risk in the GN‐CYC group was higher in the setting of lymphocyte‐depleting induction (alemtuzumab; aHR 4.53, 95% CI 0.99–20.72, p=0.05) compared with basiliximab induction. Incidences of death‐censored graft loss and mortality were similar between the GN‐CYC and PKD groups.ConclusionIn our observational study, renal transplant recipients exposed to pretransplantation cyclophosphamide appeared to have a higher risk of developing a malignancy compared with unexposed renal transplant recipients. Further investigation into the impact of pretransplantation immunosuppression on malignancy, particularly the compounded effect with lymphocyte‐depleting induction, is warranted.
Substituent effects in the Nicholas epimerization of glycosides
Authors: Tsou Pei‐Kang , Lee Yen‐Chun , Lankau Timm , Isobe Minoru , Yu Chin‐Hui 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Nicholas reaction is a proven and versatile tool in glycoside chemistry. Its application is less clear‐cut, if the intermediate Nicholas cation has two reactive sides that enable different reactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to rationalize the observed difference in product yields for the Nicholas epimerization and substitution obtained from experiments with very similar glycosides. Substituents, which can increase the rigidity of the backbone, should be avoided in epimerization reactions as they can slow down reorientation of the intramolecular ion pair so that the substitution reaction dominates.
A roadmap for poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly‐ε‐caprolactone self‐assembly in water: Prediction, synthesis, and characterization
Authors: Ianiro Alessandro , Patterson Joseph , González García Álvaro , van Rijt Mark M. J. , Hendrix Marco M. R. M , Sommerdijk Nico A. J. M. , Voets Ilja K. , Esteves A. Catarina C. , Tuinier Remco 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTNumerical self‐consistent field (SCF) lattice computations allow a priori determination of the equilibrium morphology and size of supramolecular structures originating from the self‐assembly of neutral block copolymers in selective solvents. The self‐assembly behavior of poly(ethylene oxide)‐block‐poly‐ε‐caprolactone (PEO‐PCL) block copolymers in water was studied as a function of the block composition, resulting in equilibrium structure and size diagrams. Guided by the theoretical SCF predictions, PEO‐PCL block copolymers of various compositions have been synthesized and assembled in water. The size and morphology of the resulting structures have been characterized by small‐angle X‐ray scattering, cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, and multiangle dynamic light scattering. The experimental results are consistent with the SCF computations. These findings show that SCF is applicable to build up roadmaps for amphiphilic polymers in solution, where control over size and shape are required, which is relevant, for instance, when designing spherical micelles for drug delivery systems © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018, 56, 330–339
Altered mitochondrial genome content signals worse pathology and prognosis in prostate cancer
Authors: Kalsbeek Anton M. F. , Chan Eva K. F. , Grogan Judith , Petersen Desiree C. , Jaratlerdsiri Weerachai , Gupta Ruta , Lyons Ruth J. , Haynes Anne‐Maree , Horvath Lisa G. , Kench James G. , Stricker Phillip D. , Hayes Vanessa M. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundMitochondrial genome (mtDNA) content is depleted in many cancers. In prostate cancer, there is intra‐glandular as well as inter‐patient mtDNA copy number variation. In this study, we determine if mtDNA content can be used as a predictor for prostate cancer staging and outcomes.MethodsFresh prostate cancer biopsies from 115 patients were obtained at time of surgery. All cores underwent pathological review, followed by isolation of cancer and normal tissue. DNA was extracted and qPCR performed to quantify the total amount of mtDNA as a ratio to genomic DNA. Differences in mtDNA content were compared for prostate cancer pathology features and disease outcomes.ResultsWe showed a significantly reduced mtDNA content in prostate cancer compared with normal adjacent prostate tissue (mean difference 1.73‐fold, P‐value <0.001). Prostate cancer with increased mtDNA content showed unfavorable pathologic characteristics including, higher disease stage (PT2 vs PT3 P‐value = 0.018), extracapsular extension (P‐value = 0.02) and a trend toward an increased Gleason score (P‐value = 0.064). No significant association was observed between changes in mtDNA content and biochemical recurrence (median follow up of 107 months).ConclusionsContrary to other cancer types, prostate cancer tissue shows no universally depleted mtDNA content. Rather, the change in mtDNA content is highly variable, mirroring known prostate cancer genome heterogeneity. Patients with high mtDNA content have an unfavorable pathology, while a high mtDNA content in normal adjacent prostate tissue is associated with worse prognosis.
Synthesis of Novel meso‐Indole‐ and meso‐Triazatruxene‐BODIPY Dyes
Authors: Sadak Ali Enis , Gören Ahmet C. , Bozdemir Özgür Altan , Saraçoğlu Nurullah 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, the effects of the heteroaromatic indole ring on the chemical and photophysical properties of BODIPY (4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene) dyes were investigated. Four BODIPY derivatives with indole rings at the meso‐ position were synthesized and three of them were converted into the corresponding styryl‐derivatives in reasonable yields. To obtain a more complex indole‐based trimeric BODIPY derivative in the form of a triazatruxene, several attempts were made by using indole trimerization chemistry and the photophysical studies on the resulting triazatruxene‐BODIPY dye revealed a solvent polarity dependent fluorescence behavior, which may be important in the prospective organic electronic applications.
Exploring Quantum Chemical Descriptors and Molecular Docking Approach for Designing Antagonist Search Model for the Glycine/NMDA Receptor Site
Authors: Ingle Snehal V. , Joshi Kaustubh A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAn antagonist selection model, using the combined approach of density functional theory and molecular docking calculations, has been designed for the Glycine site on the NMDA (N‐Methyl‐D‐Aspartate) receptor. The study confirms the presence of an aromatic ring, a mode of delocalization of electron density in the molecule as a requisite for the antagonist activity. The distinguishing nature of agonists vs antagonist molecule at the glycine site can be partly identified by exploring global reactivity descriptors like chemical potential or electrophilicity index. Molecular docking approach used to explore the nature of the active site cavity indicates the presence of an imperforated hydrophobic region in the active site as a requisite for a better binding profile of a potential antagonist molecule. The model developed based on these criteria introduces two new pharmacophoric moieties to be explored for their activity in the Glycine site on the NMDA receptor.
Detection of β‐Amyloid by Sialic Acid Coated Bovine Serum Albumin Magnetic Nanoparticles in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Nasr Seyedmehdi Hossaini , Kouyoumdjian Hovig , Mallett Christiane , Ramadan Sherif , Zhu David C. , Shapiro Erik M. , Huang Xuefei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe accumulation and formation of β‐amyloid (Aβ) plaques in the brain are distinctive pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Designing nanoparticle (NP) contrast agents capable of binding with Aβ highly selectively can potentially facilitate early detection of AD. However, a significant obstacle is the blood brain barrier (BBB), which can preclude the entrance of NPs into the brain for Aβ binding. In this work, bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated NPs are decorated with sialic acid (NP‐BSAx‐Sia) to overcome the challenges in Aβ imaging in vivo. The NP‐BSAx‐Sia is biocompatible with high magnetic relaxivities, suggesting that they are suitable contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The NP‐BSAx‐Sia binds with Aβ in a sialic acid dependent manner with high selectivities toward Aβ deposited on brains and cross the BBB in an in vitro model. The abilities of these NPs to detect Aβ in vivo in human AD transgenic mice by MRI are evaluated without the need to coinject mannitol to increase BBB permeability. T2*‐weighted MRI shows that Aβ plaques in mouse brains can be detected as aided by NP‐BSAx‐Sia, which is confirmed by histological analysis. Thus, NP‐BSAx‐Sia is a promising new tool for noninvasive in vivo detection of Aβ plaques.
Freestanding NiFe Oxyfluoride Holey Film with Ultrahigh Volumetric Capacitance for Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Liang Kun , Marcus Kyle , Yang Zhenzhong , Zhou Le , Pan Hao , Bai Yuanli , Du Yingge , Engelhard Mark H. , Yang Yang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this work, a freestanding NiFe oxyfluoride (NiFeOF) holey film is prepared by electrochemical deposition and anodic treatments. With the combination of good electrical conductivity and holey structure, the NiFeOF holey film offers superior electrochemical performance with maximum specific capacitance of 670 F cm−3 (134 mF cm−2), due to the following reasons: (i) The residual metal alloy framework can be used as the current collector to improve electrode conductivity. Moreover, the as‐prepared freestanding NiFeOF holey film can be used as a supercapacitor electrode without reliance on binders and other additives. The residual metal alloy framework and binder‐free electrode effectively reduce electrode resistance, thus improving electron transport. (ii) The highly interconnected holey structure and hierarchical pore distribution provide a high specific surface area to improve electron transport, enhancing rapid ion transport, and mitigating diffusion limitations throughout the holey film. (iii) The excellent mechanical characteristics facilitate flexibility and cyclability related performance. Additionally, the NiFeOF holey film presents exceptional electrochemical performance, showing that it is a promising alternative for small/microsize electronic devices.
Micrometer to 15 nm Printing of Metallic Inks with Fountain Pen Nanolithography
Authors: Yeshua Talia , Layani Michael , Dekhter Rimma , Huebner Uwe , Magdassi Shlomo , Lewis Aaron 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe field of printed electronics is continually trying to reduce the dimensions of the electrical components. Here, a method of printing metallic lines with widths as small as 15 nm and up to a few micrometers using fountain pen nanolithography (FPN) is shown. The FPN technique is based on a bent nanopipette with atomic force feedback that acts similar to a nanopen. The geometry of the nanopen allows for rapid placement accuracy of the printing tip, on any desired location, with the highest of optical sub‐micrometer resolution. Using this nanopen, investigations of various inks are undertaken together with instrumental and script‐tool development that allows accurate printing of multiple layers. This has led to the printing of conductive lines using inks composed of silver nanoparticles and salt solutions of silver and copper. In addition, it is shown that the method can be applied to substrates of various materials with minimal effect on the dimension of the line. The line widths are varied by using nanopens with different orifices or by tailoring the wetting properties of the ink on the substrate. Metallic interconnections of conducting lines are reported.
Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Multilayer Thin Films for Organic Optoelectronic Devices
Authors: Hu Zhicheng , Huang Fei , Cao Yong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractOrganic optoelectronic devices based on conjugated polymers have attracted widespread attention and practical applications have been achieved. Various solution‐processing protocols for depositing conjugated polymeric thin films of organic optoelectronic devices have been developed. As a low‐cost solution‐processing technique, the layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly method can be used to fabricate multilayer thin films with a high‐quality surface and controlled thickness. Recent remarkable progress in LbL‐assembled multilayer films for the interface engineering of organic optoelectronic devices has demonstrated their great potential for practical applications in the near future. Here, the application of LbL assembly to the construction of multilayer films is discussed for use in polymer optoelectronic devices, especially polymer light‐emitting diodes (PLEDs) and polymer solar cells (PSCs). A brief introduction to LbL‐assembled multilayer films for the emissive/active layers in PLEDs/PSCs is provided and the limitations of LbL materials are discussed. The comprehensive application of LbL‐assembly techniques and LbL materials in the interface engineering of PLEDs and PSCs is also presented with a supplementary discussion of the working mechanism of LbL materials in PLEDs and PSCs. Finally, perspectives on the LbL‐assembly technique and challenges to its application in future organic optoelectronic devices are presented.
Transmembrane Signaling with Lipid‐Bilayer Assemblies as a Platform for Channel‐Based Biosensing
Authors: Sugawara Masao 
Published: November 2017

AbstractArtificial and natural lipid membranes that elicit transmembrane signaling is are useful as a platform for channel‐based biosensing. In this account we summarize our research on the design of transmembrane signaling associated with lipid bilayer membranes containing nanopore‐forming compounds. Channel‐forming compounds, such as receptor ion‐channels, channel‐forming peptides and synthetic channels, are embedded in planar and spherical bilayer lipid membranes to develop highly sensitive and selective biosensing methods for a variety of analytes. The membrane‐bound receptor approach is useful for introducing receptor sites on both planar and spherical bilayer lipid membranes. Natural receptors in biomembranes are also used for designing of biosensing methods.
Cigarette smoke extract and isoprene resulted in the induction of apoptosis and autophagy in human placenta choriocarcinoma JEG‐3 cells
Authors: Lee Hae‐Miru , Choi Kyung‐Chul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, the effects of cigarette smoke (CS) on the induction of apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) of JEG‐3 human choriocarcinoma cells were examined to confirm the relationship between CS and placenta development. Upon TUNEL assay, CS extract (3R4F; 0.3 and 2.1 μM) increased JEG‐3 apoptosis. Western blot assay revealed that the protein expressions of p53, Bax, and CCAAT‐enhancer‐binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) increased, while the levels of Bcl‐2 were reduced following CS extract treatment. Moreover, 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH‐DA) assay revealed increased ROS production. Upon 3‐(4‐5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2.5‐dyhphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, isoprene (IP), one of ingredients of CS, deceased JEG‐3 cell viability (10−11 to 10−6 M). After based on the MTT assay, two IP concentrations of 10−11 and 10−8 M were selected and the protein expressions of cyclin D1, cyclin E1, p21, and p27 decreased in response to IP. Furthermore, IP showed the greatest increase in autophagy at 24 hours and further induction of cell death at 72 hours upon monodansylacadaverine and TUNEL assay. Western blot analysis confirmed the increase in autophagy markers, LC3β and p62, as well as the increase or decrease of apoptosis markers p53, Bax, CHOP, and Bcl‐2 in response to its treatments. In addition to confirming increases in ROS through DCFH‐DA, we also confirmed the expression of Nrf2, an antioxidant marker, and the expression of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1), which specifically degrades Nrf2, by Western blot. Taken together, these results indicate that CS and IP may inhibit the development of placenta via activation of ROS by inducing apoptosis and autophagy by affecting the expression of KEAP1, which regulates Nrf2 expression.
A fast stochastic solution method for the Blade Element Momentum equations for long‐term load assessment
Authors: Fluck Manuel , Crawford Curran 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnsteady power output and long‐term loads (extreme and fatigue) drive wind turbine design. However, these loads are difficult to include in optimization loops and are typically only assessed in a post‐optimization load analysis or via reduced‐order methods. Both alternatives yield suboptimal results. The reason for this difficulty lays in the deterministic approaches to long‐term loads assessment. To model the statistics of lifetime loads they require the analysis of many unsteady load cases, generated from many different random seeds—a computationally expensive procedure. In this paper, we present an alternative: a stochastic solution for the unsteady aerodynamic loads based on a projection of the unsteady Blade Element Momentum (BEM) equations onto a stochastic space spanned by chaos exponentials. This approach is similar to the increasingly popular polynomial chaos expansion, but with 2 major differences. First, the BEM equations constitute a random process, varying in time, while previous polynomial chaos expansion methods were concerned with random parameters (ie, random but constant in time or initial values). Second, a new, more efficient basis (the exponential chaos) is used. This new stochastic method enables us to obtain unsteady long‐term loads much faster, enabling unsteady loads to become accessible inside wind turbine optimization loops. In this paper we derive the stochastic BEM solution and present the most relevant results showing the accuracy of the new method.
Impact of “Tailored” Parathyroidectomy for Treatment of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1
Authors: Horiuchi Kiyomi , Sakurai Momoko , Haniu Kento , Nagai Erin , Tokumitsu Hiroki , Yoshida Yusaku , Omi Yoko , Sakamoto Akiko , Okamoto Takahiro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhether total parathyroidectomy (TPTX) or subtotal parathyroidectomy (SPTX) should be performed for primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is controversial. At our institution, the parathyroidectomy strategy is based on the number of enlarged intraoperative parathyroid glands. We retrospectively analyzed our parathyroidectomy procedures.MethodsData of PHPT treatment in patients with MEN1 who underwent parathyroidectomy from 1982 to 2012 at our department were retrospectively collected. The data were grouped according to the surgical procedure: TPTX, SPTX, and less than SPTX (LPTX). TPTX or SPTX was selected based on the preoperative examination findings and number of enlarged intraoperative parathyroid glands. The outcomes were the disease‐free survival (DFS) rate and postoperative calcium replacement rate based on Kaplan–Meier analysis for each type of surgical procedure.ResultsForty‐five patients were analyzed. The overall 5‐ and 10‐year DFS was 91.7 and 55.8%, respectively. The 5‐ and 10‐year DFS in each subgroup was 100.0 and 85.7% in the TPTX group, 89.4 and 57.3% in the SPTX group, and 91.6 and 57.3% in the LPTX group, respectively. The postoperative calcium replacement rate at 1 and 12 months was 91.7 and 58.3% in the TPTX group, 21.1 and 7.0% in the SPTX group, and 30.0 and 0.0% in the LPTX group, respectively.ConclusionsAlthough LPTX was not satisfactory as a standard procedure, both SPTX and TPTX are effective treatment methods for PHPT in patients with MEN1. The parathyroidectomy strategy should be based on intraoperative evaluation of the parathyroid glands.