bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research in the calculation of the debris flow prevention and Geographic Information System control engineering
Authors: Wang Zhou‐Feng , Yang Yang , Wang Yu‐Jun , Zhang Ting‐Shan , Wang Cheng‐Wu 
Published: July 2017

SummaryCurrently, it is very hard and low effective to collect watershed characteristic data when calculating debris flow to prevent and control it. This article identifies that the optimum resolution in the study area is 10 m in digital elevation model. And on the base of this, using the MATLAB digital software has implemented the relatively new “three‐direction algorithm” to fill the bottom land and has extinguished the phenomenon of river “parallel” in the traditional calculation. It is good at keeping the original terrain information and successfully builds up the hydrologically correct digital elevation model. Extracting the water network and related watershed parameters, after organic combination treatment, and combining with the feature of debris flow in the study area, a point of prevention and control project is set up at the upstream of Subao River. Using Geographic Information System technology, we have achieved to extracting the data of the debris flow valley area F, main gully length L, and the main gully bed average longitudinal shrinking slope J, automatically, rapidly, and accurately. In the MATLAB platform, we design an automatic algorithm to calculate the flood peak flow and debris flow peak flow in rainstorm. Combining with the practical situation of the study area, it can finally calculate the debris flow.
Probing the Menasemiquinone Binding Mode to Nitrate Reductase A by Selective 2H and 15N Labeling, HYSCORE Spectroscopy, and DFT Modeling
Authors: Seif Eddine Maryam , Biaso Frédéric , Arias‐Cartin Rodrigo , Pilet Eric , Rendon Julia , Lyubenova Sevdalina , Seduk Farida , Guigliarelli Bruno , Magalon Axel , Grimaldi Stéphane 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn vivo specific isotope labeling at the residue or substituent level is used to probe menasemiquinone (MSK) binding to the quinol oxidation site of respiratory nitrate reductase A (NarGHI) from E. coli. 15N selective labeling of His15Nδ or Lys15Nζ in combination with hyperfine sublevel correlation (HYSCORE) spectroscopy unambiguously identified His15Nδ as the direct hydrogen‐bond donor to the radical. In contrast, an essentially anisotropic coupling to Lys15Nζ consistent with a through‐space magnetic interaction was resolved. This suggests that MSK does not form a hydrogen bond with the side chain of the nearby Lys86 residue. In addition, selective 2H labeling of the menaquinone methyl ring substituent allows unambiguous characterization of the 2H—and hence of the 1H—methyl isotropic hyperfine coupling by 2H HYSCORE. DFT calculations show that a simple molecular model consisting of an imidazole Nδ atom in a hydrogen‐bond interaction with a MSK radical anion satisfactorily accounts for the available spectroscopic data. These results support our previously proposed one‐sided binding model for MSK to NarGHI through a single short hydrogen bond to the Nδ of His66, one of the distal heme axial ligands. This work establishes the basis for future investigations aimed at determining the functional relevance of this peculiar binding mode.
A Comparative Study of Basic, Amphoteric, and Acidic Catalysts in the Oxidative Coupling of Methanol and Ethanol for Acrolein Production
Authors: Lilić Aleksandra , Wei Tiantian , Bennici Simona , Devaux Jean‐François , Dubois Jean‐Luc , Auroux Aline 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe impact of acid/base properties (determined by adsorption microcalorimetry) of various catalysts on the cross‐aldolization of acetaldehyde and formaldehyde leading to acrolein was methodically studied in oxidizing conditions starting from a mixture of methanol and ethanol. The aldol condensation and further dehydration to acrolein were carried out on catalysts presenting various acid/base properties (MgO, Mg–Al oxides, Mg/SiO2, NbP, and heteropolyanions on silica, HPA/SiO2). Thermodynamic calculations revealed that cross‐aldolization is always favored compared with self‐aldolization of acetaldehyde, which leads to crotonaldehyde formation. The presence of strong basic sites is shown to be necessary, but a too high amount drastically increases COx production. On strong acid sites, production of acrolein and carbon oxides (COx) does not increase with temperature. The optimal catalyst for this process should be amphoteric with a balanced acid/base cooperation of medium strength sites and a small amount (<100 μmol g−1) of very strong basic sites (Qdiff>150 kJ mol−1).
An energy‐efficient clustering approach for collaborative data forwarding in heterogeneous MANET
Authors: Mohindra Anubhuti Roda , Gandhi Charu 
Published: July 2017

SummaryMobile ad hoc network consists of a group of mobile nodes that can communicate with each other without any infrastructure. Clustering of the mobile nodes ensures efficient use of available bandwidth and high network throughput. Various clustering schemes are developed to improve the energy efficiency and lifetime of the network. However, there is an increase in the energy consumption with the increase in the number of clusters for forwarding data. This paper presents an energy‐efficient clustering approach for collaborative data forwarding in mobile ad hoc network. The cluster head (CH) is selected based on the processing capability of the nodes and link connection metrics. The CH receives the data from the server and forwards the data to the member nodes at a corresponding data rate of the nodes. Data offloading technique manages the data traffic in the network. The CH rejoining approach enables load balancing in the network. The proposed clustering approach achieves a significant reduction in the energy consumption and data traffic and improvement in the throughput rate through stable routing.
Effects of parasitic infection and reproduction on corticosterone plasma levels in Galápagos land iguanas,Conolophus marthaeandC. subcristatus
Authors: Onorati Michela , Sancesario Giulia , Pastore Donatella , Bernardini Sergio , Cruz Marilyn , Carrión Jorge E. , Carosi Monica , Vignoli Leonardo , Lauro Davide , Gentile Gabriele 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn vertebrates, one main feature of stress response is the release of glucocorticoids (corticosterone in reptiles), steroid hormones whose synthesis is regulated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA). In the Galápagos Islands, populations of land iguanas are differentially impacted by a tick‐transmitted apicomplexan hemoparasite of genusHepatozoon, which could cause diseases and ultimately reduce fitness. Using competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), we examined baseline plasma corticosterone levels of two syntopic and highly parasitized populations of the land iguana speciesConolophus marthaeandC. subcristatusin Wolf volcano (Isabela Island). We also used a poorly parasitized population ofC. subcristatusfrom the same island (Bahia Urbina) as a reference. To better interpret the observed glucocorticoids patterns, we simultaneously performed the count of white blood cells (WBCs) in all individuals and investigated the reproductive status of females. We did not find evidence in support of either a positive or negative relationship between the tick load, hemoparasite infection, and glucocorticoid plasma concentration inC. marthaeandC. subcristatusat Wolf volcano. The comparison between parasitized and non‐parasitized sites (V. Wolf and Bahia Urbina) would instead suggest an inverse relationship between corticosterone and parasites. Our findings support association between corticosterone plasma levels and reproduction.
BJ‐2266 ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis through down‐regulation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway
Authors: You Zhiwei , Timilshina Maheshwor , Jeong Byeong‐Seon , Chang Jae‐Hoon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCD4+ T cells differentiate into distinct effector subsets upon antigenic stimulation. Cytokines, and micro‐environmental factors present during T‐cell priming, direct differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into pro‐inflammatory Th1 and Th17 cells. From extensive screening of 2,4,5‐trimethylpyridin‐3‐ol derivatives with various functional groups at C(6)‐position, BJ‐2266, a 6‐thioureido‐derivative, showed potent inhibitory activity on in vitro T helper (Th)‐cell differentiation. This compound inhibited IFN‐γ and IL‐17 production from polyclonal CD4+ T cells and ovalbumin (OVA)‐specific CD4+ T cells that were activated by T‐cell receptor (TCR) engagement. We assessed the inhibitory effect of BJ‐2266 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Our results suggest that BJ‐2266 treatment significantly suppresses EAE disease progression with reduced generation of Th1 and Th17 cells. Notably, Th‐cell differentiation was significantly suppressed by BJ‐2266 treatment with no effect on apoptosis, activation and proliferation of activated T cells. Furthermore, adoptive transfer of BJ‐2266 treated MOG‐reactive Th1 and Th17 cells led to a lower EAE disease score and better clinical recovery from EAE. The underlying mechanism of BJ‐2266 effect involved the inhibition of JAK/STAT phosphorylation that is critical for Th‐cell differentiation. We conclude that BJ‐2266 regulates the JAK/STAT pathway in response to cytokine signals and subsequently suppresses the differentiation of Th‐cell responses.
Possible cleavage sites of glutelin partial degradation confirmed by immunological analysis in globulin‐less mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Khan Nadar , Yamaguchi Satoru , Katsube‐Tanaka Tomoyuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProteolytic cleavage or partial degradation of proteins is one of the important post‐translational modifications for various biological processes, but it is difficult to analyze. Previously, we demonstrated that some subunits of the major rice (Oryza sativa L.) seed storage protein glutelin are partially degraded to produce newly identified polypeptides X1‐X5 in mutants in which another major seed storage protein globulin is absent. In this study, the new polypeptides X3 and X4/X5 were immunologically confirmed to be derived from GluA3 and GluA1/GluA2 subunits, respectively. Additionally, the new polypeptides X1 and X2 were at least in part the α polypeptides of the GluB4 subunit partially degraded at the C‐terminus. Simulated 2D‐PAGE migration patterns of intact and partially degraded α polypeptides based on the calculation of their MWs and pIs enabled us to narrow or predict the possible locations of cleavage sites. The predicted cleavage sites were also verified by the comparison of 2D‐PAGE patterns between seed‐extracted and E. coli‐expressed proteins of the intact and truncated α polypeptides. The results and methodologies demonstrated here would be useful for analyses of partial degradation of proteins and the structure–function relationships of rice seed protein bodies.
Improved risk‐targeted performance‐based seismic design of reinforced concrete frame structures
Authors: Franchin Paolo , Petrini Francesco , Mollaioli Fabrizio 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a procedure for seismic design of reinforced concrete structures, in which performance objectives are formulated in terms of maximum accepted mean annual frequency (MAF) of exceedance, for multiple limit states. The procedure is explicitly probabilistic and uses Cornell's like closed‐form equations for the MAFs. A gradient‐based constrained optimization technique is used for obtaining values of structural design variables (members' section size and reinforcement) satisfying multiple objectives in terms of risk levels. The method is practically feasible even for real‐sized structures thanks to the adoption of adaptive equivalent linear models where element‐by‐element stiffness reduction is performed (2 linear analyses per intensity level). General geometric and capacity design constraints are duly accounted for. The procedure is applied to a 15‐storey plane frame building, and validation is conducted against results in terms of drift profiles and MAF of exceedance, obtained by multiple‐stripe analysis with records selected to match conditional spectra. Results show that the method is suitable for performance‐based seismic design of RC structures with explicit targets in terms of desired risk levels.
Choice between series and parallel connections of hysteretic system and viscous damper for seismic protection of structures
Authors: Bougteb Youness , Ray Tathagata 
Published: July 2017

SummarySupplemental viscous damping devices are generally envisioned to be connected in parallel to the inelastic parent structure or hysteretic damping devices. This gives rise to higher base shear, and often greater ductility demand of the hysteretic system. The series connection of the viscous and hysteretic system (the inelastic structure or a damper) is an alternative approach. In this paper, comparisons between the series and parallel connections of the hysteretic system and viscous dampers are done through response spectra analyses of single degree of freedom structures. Ductility demand of the hysteretic system and the total base shear are chosen as the response quantities. For the series model, a semi‐implicit solution scheme for classical Maxwell model is modified to include the inelasticity of the time‐independent hysteretic spring. It is observed that the series connection of the 2 dampers gives lower base shear than does the parallel connection. For long‐period and low‐damping structures, the ductility demand of the hysteretic system in series connection is higher than that in parallel connection. Increasing the viscous damping in series connection reduces the ductility demand substantially, lower than that obtained in parallel connection. Practical methods for implementing the series and parallel connections, in line with roof isolation, are also suggested.
Identification of isobutyl angelate, isoamyl angelate and 2‐methylbutyl isobutyrate as active constituents in Roman chamomile essential oil that promotes mouse ambulation
Authors: Umezu Toyoshi , Sano Tomoharu , Hayashi Junko , Yoshikawa Yasuko , Shibata Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRoman chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile or Anthemis nobilis) has traditionally been used for health care, health maintenance and medicinal purposes, and the essential oil obtained from the flowers is used as a basic ingredient for aromatherapy. Roman chamomile essential oil (CHA) produces psychostimulant‐like effects, such as the ambulation‐promoting effect, on mouse behaviour. However, mechanisms underlying the effects of CHA remain unclear. The present study aimed to identify the constituents responsible for the ambulation‐promoting effect of CHA and to elucidate a possible neuronal mechanism. GC/MS analysis revealed that isobutyl angelate, isoamyl angelate and 2‐methylbutyl isobutyrate were the major constituents of CHA. These compounds significantly promoted mouse ambulation, and were thus identified as the major active constituents for the ambulatory effect of CHA. The ambulatory effects were attenuated by chlorpromazine and haloperidol, suggesting that the neurotransmitter dopamine is involved in the ambulation‐promoting effects of these constituents similar to already‐known psychostimulants. The results suggest that CHA can change a mental condition, at least in part, through the CNS effects of the constituents identified in the current study. The results also suggest that mental effects of CHA are largely different from those of other Roman chamomile preparations due to the composition difference.
Targeting complete response with upfront bortezomib consolidation versus observation after the achievement of complete response following autologous transplantation for multiple myeloma (TUBA study)
Authors: Nakasone Hideki , Terasako‐Saito Kiriko , Hirano Teiichi , Wake Atsushi , Shimizu Seiichi , Kurita Naoki , Yamazaki Etsuko , Usuki Kensuke , Akazawa Kohei , Kanda Junya , Minauchi Koichiro , Yamamoto Go , Tanimoto Shiori , Kamoshita Masaharu , Yokoyama Yasuhisa , Miyaoka Etsuo , Ota Shuichi , Kako Shinichi , Izutsu Koji , Kanda Yoshinobu 
Published: July 2017

AbstractComplete response (CR) after treatment for multiple myeloma is associated with superior progression‐free survival (PFS). Multiple myeloma patients were prospectively recruited for induction treatment with bortezomib and dexamethasone (BD) followed by autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (auto‐HCT) between 2010 and 2012. If patients did not achieve CR after auto‐HCT, BD consolidation therapy was added to target CR.After the BD induction phase (n = 46), greater than or equal to CR was achieved in 4 patients (8%). After auto‐HCT (n = 34), greater than or equal to CR was achieved in 9 patients (20%) and very good partial response (VGPR) was achieved in 11 (24%). Of the 24 patients who received auto‐HCT and whose response was less than CR, 21 received BD consolidation therapy for a median of 4 courses. Finally, the maximum response with or without BD consolidation was greater than or equal to CR in 19 (41%), VGPR in 7 (15%), and PR in 6 (13%). Through BD consolidation, CR was achieved in 8 of 11 patients with post‐HCT VGPR and in 2 of 12 patients with post‐HCT PR.In total, 4 year PFS and overall survival were 43 and 80%, respectively. After adjusting for clinical factors, there was no difference in PFS between CR patients after auto‐HCT and BD consolidation, while patients with less than or equal to VGPR after consolidation had a significantly lower PFS.Patients with post‐HCT CR showed good PFS, and targeting CR through BD consolidation could improve the CR rate. It would be worthwhile to prospectively compare the efficacy of consolidation only for patients who failed to achieve CR to a universal consolidation strategy.
Vegetation impacts soil water content patterns by shaping canopy water fluxes and soil properties
Authors: Metzger Johanna Clara , Wutzler Thomas , Dalla Valle Nicolas , Filipzik Janett , Grauer Christoph , Lehmann Robert , Roggenbuck Martin , Schelhorn Danny , Weckmüller Josef , Küsel Kirsten , Totsche Kai Uwe , Trumbore Susan , Hildebrandt Anke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSoil water content is a key variable for biogeochemical and atmospheric coupled processes. Its small‐scale heterogeneity impacts the partitioning of precipitation (e.g., deep percolation or transpiration) by triggering threshold processes and connecting flow paths. Forest hydrologists frequently hypothesized that throughfall and stemflow patterns induce soil water content heterogeneity, yet experimental validation is limited. Here, we pursued a pattern‐oriented approach to explore the relationship between net precipitation and soil water content. Both were measured in independent high‐resolution stratified random designs on a 1‐ha temperate mixed beech forest plot in Germany. We recorded throughfall (350 locations) and stemflow (65 trees) for 16 precipitation events in 2015. Soil water content was measured continuously in topsoil and subsoil (210 profiles). Soil wetting was only weakly related to net precipitation patterns. The precipitation‐induced pattern quickly dissipates and returns to a basic pattern, which is temporally stable. Instead, soil hydraulic properties (by the proxy of field capacity) were significantly correlated with this stable soil water content pattern, indicating that soil structure more than net precipitation drives soil water content heterogeneity. Also, both field capacity and soil water content were lower in the immediate vicinity of tree stems compared to further away at all times, including winter, despite stemflow occurrence. Thus, soil structure varies systematically according to vegetation in our site. We conclude that enhanced macroporosity increases gravity‐driven flow in stem proximal areas. Therefore, although soil water content patterns are little affected by net precipitation, the resulting soil water fluxes may strongly be affected. Specifically, this may further enhance the channelling of stemflow to greater depth and beyond the rooting zone.
Group 9 Transition Metal‐Catalyzed C−H Halogenations
Authors: Lied Fabian , Patra Tuhin , Glorius Frank 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe high importance of organic halides as synthetic precursors has led to the development of milder and environmentally benign methods for their synthesis. In this regard, transition metal catalyzed C−H activation has emerged as one of the most promising methods for the synthesis of organic halides with high atom economy and excellent stereo‐ and regio‐control. Despite the dominance of palladium and copper catalysts in the field of C−H halogenation reactions, iridium‐, rhodium‐ and cobalt‐complexes have also recently been employed as highly efficient catalysts for the formation of carbon‐halogen bonds. This review describes the current state of the art in the field of C−H halogenation reactions using group nine transition metal (Co, Rh, Ir) catalysts.
Untargeted metabolomics of neuronal cell culture: A model system for the toxicity testing of insecticide chemical exposure
Authors: Hayton Sarah , Maker Garth L. , Mullaney Ian , Trengove Robert D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractToxicity testing is essential for the protection of human health from exposure to toxic environmental chemicals. As traditional toxicity testing is carried out using animal models, mammalian cell culture models are becoming an increasingly attractive alternative to animal testing. Combining the use of mammalian cell culture models with screening‐style molecular profiling technologies, such as metabolomics, can uncover previously unknown biochemical bases of toxicity. We have used a mass spectrometry‐based untargeted metabolomics approach to characterize for the first time the changes in the metabolome of the B50 cell line, an immortalised rat neuronal cell line, following acute exposure to two known neurotoxic chemicals that are common environmental contaminants; the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin and the organophosphate insecticide malathion. B50 cells were exposed to either the dosing vehicle (methanol) or an acute dose of either permethrin or malathion for 6 and 24 hours. Intracellular metabolites were profiled by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Using principal components analysis, we selected the key metabolites whose abundance was altered by chemical exposure. By considering the major fold changes in abundance (>2.0 or <0.5 from control) across these metabolites, we were able to elucidate important cellular events associated with toxic exposure including disrupted energy metabolism and attempted protective mechanisms from excitotoxicity. Our findings illustrate the ability of mammalian cell culture metabolomics to detect finer metabolic effects of acute exposure to known toxic chemicals, and validate the need for further development of this process in the application of trace‐level dose and chronic toxicity studies, and toxicity testing of unknown chemicals.