bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behaviour vs. perception: An investigation into the components of emotional invalidation
Authors: Elzy Meredith , Karver Marc 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe negative effects of emotionally invalidating environments are theorized by the biosocial theory of borderline personality disorder to be vast and severe. However, findings from studies on the impact of emotional invalidation (EI) vary, perhaps due to different operational definitions of EI. The current investigation seeks to explore the relationship between the objective behavioural observations of EI and recipient's subjective perceptions of experiencing these behaviours.MethodFirst, 58 participants watched scripted interactions between a confederate and a mock participant and identified the presence of invalidating and/or neutral behaviours. Next, 92 participants engaged in one‐on‐one interactions with a confederate utilizing the same scripted interactions observed by the first set of participants.ResultsWhile the first set of participants identified invalidating behaviours accurately and consistently, the participants who experienced the behaviours demonstrated more variability in their perceptions of the behaviours as emotionally invalidating.ConclusionThese preliminary findings demonstrate that the objective existence of emotionally invalidating behaviours are likely not the same as the experienced perception of EI across individuals, highlighting the need to examine how EI is operationally defined and measured. Future research should examine what individual characteristics may play a role in perceiving behaviours as emotionally invalidating. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Two Legends of American Poverty: Breaking Out of Poverty's Historic Snare
Authors: Dobelstein Andrew 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEfforts to reduce poverty in America have been hobbled by poverty's historic explanation accompanied by a political reticence to accept its contemporary manifestation. Public policy has directed resources toward modifying personal behavior rather than attending the role macroeconomic decisions contribute to poverty. Whereas poverty could be understood within an environment of economic individualism independent of political choices, the Employment Act of 1946 gave Congress the authority to shape the economy, putting economic choices in the center of the political process, and poverty has become a consequence. Congress holds the political power to shape the economy, and the scope of its constitutional obligation to provide for the General Welfare Clause as stated in the Preamble and in Article 1, Section 8, was clarified in 1936 and applied to the Social Security Act in 1937, giving Social Security and Unemployment Insurance constitutional legitimacy. Social Security has assumed the growing burdens of poverty as America's economic individualism world has waned. Expanded extraordinarily over the past 80 years to enlarge its income maintenance protection, Social Security's twentieth‐century economic structure endangers its twenty‐first‐century obligations while Unemployment Insurance's byzantine financing and its administrative structure have failed miserably to address the problems of contemporary poverty.
Long‐term trends in weather severity indices for dabbling ducks in eastern North America
Authors: Schummer Michael L. , Coluccy John M. , Mitchell Michael , Van Den Elsen Lena 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAnnual distributions of waterfowl during the nonbreeding period can influence ecological, cultural, and economic relationships. We used previously developed Weather Severity Indices (WSI) that explained migration by dabbling ducks in eastern North America and weather data from the North American Regional Reanalysis to develop an open‐access internet‐based tool (i.e., WSI web app) to visualize and query WSI data. We used data generated by the WSI web app to determine whether the weather known to elicit southerly migration by dabbling ducks had changed, from October to April 1979 to 2013. We detected that the amount of area in the Mississippi and Atlantic Flyways with weather severe enough to cause southerly migration decreased during 1) October–December for American wigeon (Mareca americana), green‐winged teal (Anas crecca), and northern shoveler (Spatula clypeata); 2) December–January for mallard (A. platyrhynchos), American black duck (A. rubripes), and northern pintail (A. acuta); and 3) February–April for mallard, American black duck, gadwall (M. strepera), American wigeon, green‐winged teal, and northern shoveler. Results were consistent with prior research indicating that weather causing autumn and winter migration of dabbling ducks has become increasingly mild in the past 3 decades. The WSI web app enables users to query daily data and maps by species and by Flyway, Joint Venture, Landscape Conservation Cooperative, and State. We encourage those with corresponding data on participation and satisfaction by waterfowl enthusiasts (i.e., birders and hunters) to test for relationships with the WSI because of the implications for conservation funding, especially if autumn and winter weather severity continues to become increasingly mild as predicted. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Relationship between Motor Coordination, Cognitive Abilities, and Academic Achievement in Japanese Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Higashionna Takuya , Iwanaga Ryoichiro , Tokunaga Akiko , Nakai Akio , Tanaka Koji , Nakane Hideyuki , Tanaka Goro 
Published: December 2017

Background/Objective Motor coordination impairment is common in children with neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between motor coordination, cognitive ability, and academic achievement in Japanese children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Methods Thirty-four school-age (6–12 years old) children with neurodevelopmental disorders and 34 age-matched typically developing (TD) children were recruited in this study. Correlations between the scores of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (M-ABC2) and the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children — Second Edition (K-ABCII) that assesses cognitive abilities, and academic achievement were analyzed. Results The children with neurodevelopmental disorders obtained a lower total score and all component scores on M-ABC2 compared to the TD children. In children with neurodevelopmental disorders, M-ABC2 Manual Dexterity score was significantly correlated with K-ABCII Simultaneous Processing (r = .345, p = .046), Knowledge (r = .422, p = .013), Reading (r = .342, p = .048), Writing (r = .414, p = .017), and Arithmetic (r = .443, p = .009) scores. In addition, M-ABC2 Balance score was significantly correlated with K-ABCII Learning (r = .341, p = .048), Writing (r = .493, p = .004), and Arithmetic (r = .386, p = .024) scores. Conclusion These findings stress that it is essential to accurately identify motor coordination impairments and the interventions that would consider motor coordination problems related to cognitive abilities and academic achievement in Japanese children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
Person‐centered care for older people with dementia in the acute hospital
Authors: Tay Felicia Hui En , Thompson Claire L. , Nieh Chih Ming , Nieh Chih Chiang , Koh Hui Mien , Tan Jessie Joon Cheen , Yap Philip Lin Kiat 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionPatients with dementia (PWDs) are often subjected to enforced dependency and experience functional decline and emotional distress during hospital stay. Person‐centered care (PCC) with specialized psychosocial interventions, minimally obtrusive medical care, and physical restraints‐free practice holds potential to improve patient outcomes. We evaluate the effectiveness of an acute hospital dementia unit (Care for Acute Mentally Infirm Elders [CAMIE]) that adopts a PCC protocol.MethodsProspective naturalistic cohort study whereby PWDs in the CAMIE unit (n = 170) were compared with a control group in usual care wards (n = 60) over 6 months. Assessments included patient demographics, dementia type and stage, comorbidities (Charlson's Comorbidity Index), acute illness severity, Well‐Being, Ill‐Being, functional status (Modified Barthel Index), agitation levels (Pittsburgh Agitation Scale), and quality of life (EuroQoL), assessed on admission and discharge. Multivariate analysis of covariance examined the effect of CAMIE versus usual care on pre‐post outcomes.ResultsCAMIE patients showed statistically significant greater gains in Modified Barthel Index function and Well‐Being, decreased Ill‐Being and agitation, and greater improvement in EuroQoL index score (effect size: Δ = 0.18) after adjusting for baseline differences that translated to a quality‐adjusted life years gain of 0.045, assuming stability over 3 months. Estimating added cost of CAMIE stay over usual care at SGD 1500 (USD 1040) for average length of stay of 15 days per patient, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio fell within the threshold for cost‐effectiveness at USD 23,111.DiscussionPCC for PWDs in acute hospitals not only improves clinical outcomes for patients but is also cost‐effective. The results support the adoption of PCC on a wider scale for better care of PWDs.
Carbon Emissions, Stratospheric Aerosol Injection, and Unintended Harms
Authors: Preston Christopher J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the rapidly expanding literature on the ethics of climate engineering, a lot has been made of the fact that stratospheric aerosol injection would for the first time create a world whose climate had been intentionally shaped by deliberate human decisions. Intention has always mattered in ethics. Due to the importance of intention in assigning culpability for harms, one might expect that the moral responsibility for any harms created during an attempt to reconstruct the global climate using stratospheric aerosols would be considerable. This article investigates such an expectation by making a comparison between the culpability for any unintended harms resulting from stratospheric aerosol injection and culpability for the unintended harms already taking place due to carbon emissions. To make this comparison, both types of unintended harms are viewed through the lens of the doctrine of double effect. The conclusion reached goes against what many might expect. The article closes by suggesting that a good way to read this surprising conclusion is that it points toward the continuing moral importance of prioritizing emission reductions.
The rock and the hunter. The significance of rocks and boulders in rock art production in the western Himalayas
Authors: Aas Lars Reinholt 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper is an addition to the recent advances in the field of rock art research and aims to accentuate the significance of rocks and boulders in the production of rock art. I argue that the rock itself must be recognized as an important element in rock art production even in cases where there are no discernible connections between the rock art images and the irregularities found in the rock surface. The paper concerns rock carvings from the Taru Thang site in Ladakh in northern India and builds on ethnography drawn from the Dardic-speaking people of the western Himalayas. I argue that the rocks must be understood as devices of communication between hunters and their supernatural allies, and that the images represent messages conveyed through the rock interface. In these acts of communication, the geological irregularities of the rock surface serve no purpose and have been avoided rather than included in the compositions.
Psychiatric polygenic risk associates with cortical morphology and functional organization in aging
Authors: Lee Annie , Shen Mojun , Qiu Anqi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCommon brain abnormalities in cortical morphology and functional organization are observed in psychiatric disorders and aging, reflecting shared genetic influences. This preliminary study aimed to examine the contribution of a polygenetic risk for psychiatric disorders (PRScross) to aging brain and to identify molecular mechanisms through the use of multimodal brain images, genotypes, and transcriptome data. We showed age-related cortical thinning in bilateral inferior frontal cortex (IFC) and superior temporal gyrus and alterations in the functional connectivity between bilateral IFC and between right IFC and right inferior parietal lobe as a function of PRScross. Interestingly, the genes in PRScross, that contributed most to aging neurodegeneration, were expressed in the functioanlly connected cortical regions. Especially, genes identified through the genotype-functional connectivity association analysis were commonly expressed in both cortical regions and formed strong gene networks with biological processes related to neural plasticity and synaptogenesis, regulated by glutamatergic and GABAergic transmission, neurotrophin signaling, and metabolism. This study suggested integrating genotype and transcriptome with neuroimage data sheds new light on the mechanisms of aging brain.
Elevated peripheral expression of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) mRNA isoforms in clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients
Authors: Mostaid Md Shaki , Lee Ting Ting , Chana Gursharan , Sundram Suresh , Shannon Weickert Cynthia , Pantelis Christos , Everall Ian , Bousman Chad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDifferential expression of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) mRNA isoforms and proteins has been reported in schizophrenia, primarily in post-mortem brain tissue. In this study, we examined 12NRG1SNPs, eightNRG1mRNA isoforms (type I, type I(Ig2), type II, type III, type IV, EGFα, EGFβ, pan-NRG1) in whole blood, and NRG1-β1 protein in serum of clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients (N = 71) and healthy controls (N = 57). In addition, using cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 healthy individuals, we examined the effect of clozapine onNRG1mRNA isoform and protein expression. We found elevated levels ofNRG1mRNA, specifically the EGFα (P = 0.0175), EGFβ (P = 0.002) and type I(Ig2)(P = 0.023) containing transcripts, but lower NRG1-β1 serum protein levels (P = 0.019) in schizophrenia patients compared to healthy controls. However, adjusting for smoking status attenuated the difference in NRG1-β1 serum levels (P = 0.050). Examination of clinical factors showedNRG1EGFα (P = 0.02) and EGFβ (P = 0.02) isoform expression was negatively correlated with age of onset. However, we found limited evidence thatNRG1mRNA isoform or protein expression was associated with current chlorpromazine equivalent dose or clozapine plasma levels, the latter corroborated by our PBMC clozapine exposure experiment. Our SNP analysis found no robust expression quantitative trait loci. Our results represent the first comprehensive investigation ofNRG1isoforms and protein expression in the blood of clozapine-treated schizophrenia patients and suggest levels of someNRG1transcripts are upregulated in those with schizophrenia.
Huntingtin gene repeat size variations affect risk of lifetime depression
Authors: Gardiner Sarah L. , van Belzen Martine J. , Boogaard Merel W. , van Roon-Mom Willeke M. C. , Rozing Maarten P. , van Hemert Albert M. , Smit Johannes H. , Beekman Aartjan T. F. , van Grootheest Gerard , Schoevers Robert A. , Oude Voshaar Richard C. , Roos Raymund A. C. , Comijs Hannie C. , Penninx Brenda W. J. H. , van der Mast Roos C. , Aziz N. Ahmad 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHuntington disease (HD) is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder caused by a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat expansion in the HTT gene. Although HD is frequently complicated by depression, it is still unknown to what extent common HTT CAG repeat size variations in the normal range could affect depression risk in the general population. Using binary logistic regression, we assessed the association between HTT CAG repeat size and depression risk in two well-characterized Dutch cohorts─the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety and the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons─including 2165 depressed and 1058 non-depressed persons. In both cohorts, separately as well as combined, there was a significant non-linear association between the risk of lifetime depression and HTT CAG repeat size in which both relatively short and relatively large alleles were associated with an increased risk of depression (β = −0.292 and β = 0.006 for the linear and the quadratic term, respectively; both P < 0.01 after adjustment for the effects of sex, age, and education level). The odds of lifetime depression were lowest in persons with a HTT CAG repeat size of 21 (odds ratio: 0.71, 95% confidence interval: 0.52 to 0.98) compared to the average odds in the total cohort. In conclusion, lifetime depression risk was higher with both relatively short and relatively large HTT CAG repeat sizes in the normal range. Our study provides important proof-of-principle that repeat polymorphisms can act as hitherto unappreciated but complex genetic modifiers of depression.
Accelerated epigenetic aging and mitochondrial DNA copy number in bipolar disorder
Authors: Fries Gabriel R. , Bauer Isabelle E. , Scaini Giselli , Wu Mon-Ju , Kazimi Iram F. , Valvassori Samira S. , Zunta-Soares Giovana , Walss-Bass Consuelo , Soares Jair C. , Quevedo Joao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) has been previously associated with accelerated aging; yet, the mechanisms underlying this association are largely unknown. The epigenetic clock has been increasingly recognized as a valuable aging marker, although its association with other biological clocks in BD patients and high-risk subjects, such as telomere length and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number, has never been investigated. We included 22 patients with BD I, 16 siblings of BD patients, and 20 healthy controls in this analysis. DNA was isolated from peripheral blood and interrogated for genome-wide DNA methylation, mtDNA copy number, and telomere length. DNA methylation age (DNAm age) and accelerated aging were calculated using the Horvath age estimation algorithm in blood and in postmortem brain from BD patients and nonpsychiatric controls using publicly available data. Older BD patients presented significantly accelerated epigenetic aging compared to controls, whereas no difference was detected among the younger subjects. Patients showed higher levels of mtDNA copy number, while no difference was found between controls and siblings. mtDNA significantly correlated with epigenetic age acceleration among older subjects, as well and with global functioning in our sample. Telomere length did not show significant differences between groups, nor did it correlate with epigenetic aging or mtDNA copy number. These results suggest that BD may involve an accelerated epigenetic aging, which might represent a novel target for treating BD and subjects at risk. In particular, our results suggest a complex interplay between biological clocks to determine the accelerated aging and its consequences in BD.
DNA damage causes rapid accumulation of phosphoinositides for ATR signaling
Authors: Wang Yu-Hsiu , Hariharan Anushya , Bastianello Giulia , Toyama Yusuke , Shivashankar G. V. , Foiani Marco , Sheetz Michael P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPhosphoinositide lipids (PPIs) are enriched in the nucleus and are accumulated at DNA damage sites. Here, we investigate roles of nuclear PPIs in DNA damage response by sequestering specific PPIs with the expression of nuclear-targeted PH domains, which inhibits recruitment of Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) and reduces activation of Chk1. PPI-binding domains rapidly (< 1 s) accumulate at damage sites with local enrichment of PPIs. Accumulation of PIP3 in complex with the nuclear receptor protein, SF1, at damage sites requires phosphorylation by inositol polyphosphate multikinase (IPMK) and promotes nuclear actin assembly that is required for ATR recruitment. Suppressed ATR recruitment/activation is confirmed with latrunculin A and wortmannin treatment as well as IPMK or SF1 depletion. Other DNA repair pathways involving ATM and DNA-PKcs are unaffected by PPI sequestration. Together, these findings reveal that nuclear PPI metabolism mediates an early damage response through the IPMK-dependent pathway to specifically recruit ATR.
Differentiation dynamics of mammary epithelial cells revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Bach Karsten , Pensa Sara , Grzelak Marta , Hadfield James , Adams David J. , Marioni John C. , Khaled Walid T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCharacterising the hierarchy of mammary epithelial cells (MECs) and how they are regulated during adult development is important for understanding how breast cancer arises. Here we report the use of single-cell RNA sequencing to determine the gene expression profile of MECs across four developmental stages; nulliparous, mid gestation, lactation and post involution. Our analysis of 23,184 cells identifies 15 clusters, few of which could be fully characterised by a single marker gene. We argue instead that the epithelial cells—especially in the luminal compartment—should rather be conceptualised as being part of a continuous spectrum of differentiation. Furthermore, our data support the existence of a common luminal progenitor cell giving rise to intermediate, restricted alveolar and hormone-sensing progenitors. This luminal progenitor compartment undergoes transcriptional changes in response to a full pregnancy, lactation and involution. In summary, our results provide a global, unbiased view of adult mammary gland development.
Genome-wide DNA methylation is predictive of outcome in juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia
Authors: Stieglitz Elliot , Mazor Tali , Olshen Adam B. , Geng Huimin , Gelston Laura C. , Akutagawa Jon , Lipka Daniel B. , Plass Christoph , Flotho Christian , Chehab Farid F. , Braun Benjamin S. , Costello Joseph F. , Loh Mignon L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractJuvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a myeloproliferative disorder of childhood caused by mutations in the Ras pathway. Outcomes in JMML vary markedly from spontaneous resolution to rapid relapse after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Here, we hypothesized that DNA methylation patterns would help predict disease outcome and therefore performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling in a cohort of 39 patients. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering identifies three clusters of patients. Importantly, these clusters differ significantly in terms of 4-year event-free survival, with the lowest methylation cluster having the highest rates of survival. These findings were validated in an independent cohort of 40 patients. Notably, all but one of 14 patients experiencing spontaneous resolution cluster together and closer to 22 healthy controls than to other JMML cases. Thus, we show that DNA methylation patterns in JMML are predictive of outcome and can identify the patients most likely to experience spontaneous resolution.