bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Substance use disorder risk assessment: positive emotional experiences with first time use and substance use disorder risk
Authors: Arscott Karen E. , Eget Donna M. , Marcos Maria C. , Piper Brian J. 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionSubstance Use Disorder (SUD) screening tools used in current practice are designed to identify SUD once patients have begun regular dangerous drug use. While these screening tools are valuable, prevention and avoidance of SUD would save countless lives. The climbing number of deaths due to drug overdose make screening for and prevention of SUD imperative. This study addresses this care gap. The aim was to develop a simple screening tool for patients who may be prone to develop Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) and/or SUD prior to addiction. It was hypothesized that participants with initially positive emotional experiences would be correlated with a future SUD diagnosis.MethodsThe study involved a self-administered survey using a cross-sectional design and was carried out over one-month in the spring of 2021. Those patients who presented to the MAT clinic (SUD group) were seen in a separate area than the patients presenting for urgent care (Comparison group). Participants (N = 259) were voluntarily recruited from MAT and Urgent care: Patients receiving acute care were assigned to the Comparison (N = 126, 50.8% female, 5.7% non-white, 27.2% age &lt; 34) and those receiving treatment for SUD were assigned to the MAT group (N =133, 40.8% female, 4.8% non-white, 36.8% ≤34). The survey questioned demographics (4 items), risk factors for AUD/SUD (6 items), information about first alcohol/opioid experiences (16 items), and factors for seeking AUD/SUD treatment and recovery (2 items). Feelings were categorized as positive (e.g., euphoria, happiness, self-confident), neutral (e.g., nothing, normal), or negative (e.g., depressed, sad, sick).ResultsThe MAT group felt more positive feelings with first usage of alcohol and opioids compared to the comparison group (p&lt;.001). With first usage of opioids specifically, MAT (0.13 ± 0.04) and comparison (0.29 ± 0.07) groups differed (p &lt;.001). Over half (55.3%), of the MAT participants reported feeling self-confident with first use of alcohol while only 29.7% of the comparison reported this (p&lt;.001). Over three-fifths (63.7%) of the MAT group reported feeling of euphoria with the first usage of opioids compared to one-tenth (9.8%) in the comparison group (p&lt;.001).DiscussionThis retrospective cross-sectional report shows the first affective responses to substances may predict risk for future SUD and could be a prevention screening tool. Asking patients about positive feelings with first usage of alcohol/opioids could be a simple screening tool employed for prevention.
Perspectives on advance research directives from individuals with mild cognitive impairment and family members: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Gieselmann Astrid , Gather Jakov , Schmidt Marina , Qubad Mishal , Vollmann Jochen , Scholten Matthé 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAdvance research directives (ARDs) provide a promising way to involve individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in research decisions before they lose the capacity to consent. At the same time, the views of people with MCI on ARDs are underexplored. This study assesses the perceptions of people with MCI and family members on the benefits and challenges associated with ARDs.AimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the perspectives of individuals with MCI and family members of individuals with MCI on ARDs. We focus specifically on willingness to participate in nontherapeutic research, understanding of ARDs and the ethical considerations involved.MethodsThirteen open-ended, face-to-face interviews were conducted using a semi-structured format. Seven interviews were conducted with individuals with MCI, and six with family members of individuals with MCI. The narratives were transcribed verbatim and qualitative content analysis was carried out.ResultsResearch participation and ARDs were viewed positively, largely based on altruistic motives and the desire to contribute to society. The participants recognized the potential advantages of ARDs in reducing the decision-making burden on family members and maintaining personal autonomy. They also highlighted challenges in comprehending ARDs and navigating the complexities surrounding potential conflicts between current preferences versus preferences described in an ARD.ConclusionsARDs were predominantly seen as valuable instruments that enable individuals with MCI to participate in research. This study provides insights into the reasons why affected individuals are interested in drafting ARDs. These insights can guide the development of supportive interventions that are tailored to assist individuals with MCI and their families in navigating ARD processes.
Gambling disorder gender analysis: social strain, gender norms, and self-control as risk factors
Authors: Man Pui Kwan 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionGender differences in problem gambling have attracted much attention in recent gambling literature. However, relatively little is known about how gender norms relate to social strain and self-control in predicting gambling disorder within a spousal context. This study aimed to increase knowledge about gambling disorder in Chinese married couples by assessing the three-way interaction effects between social strain, self-control, and gender norms.MethodsA total of 1,620 Chinese married couples were recruited from a representative sample of households in Hong Kong.ResultsThe results of the generalized ordered logit model revealed the self-control mitigation effect of composite strain on the propensity for gambling disorder is strong in men who accept traditional gender norms. In contrast, in women who accept traditional gender roles, self-control attenuates the effect of recent stressful life events on the propensity for gambling disorder, but self-control exacerbates the effect of negative relationships with offspring on the propensity for gambling disorder.DiscussionAlthough reinforcing self-control is a protective factor that can alleviate social strain and disordered gambling for both men and women, the prominent contribution of gender norms to the self-control exacerbation effect deserves close attention for social workers who provide services to these gambling families.
Subcutaneous and orally self-administered high-dose carprofen shows favorable pharmacokinetic and tolerability profiles in male and female C57BL/6J mice
Authors: Glasenapp Aylina , Bankstahl Jens P. , Bähre Heike , Glage Silke , Bankstahl Marion 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionSurgical interventions in mice require appropriate pain relief to ensure animal welfare and to avoid influence of pain on research findings. Carprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used as an analgesic for interventions inducing mild to moderate pain in laboratory rodents. Despite its frequent use, species-specific data on pharmacokinetics (PK), side effects, and potential impact on behavioral pain indicators are limited.MethodsWe determined PK and tolerability profiles of carprofen in healthy male and female C57BL/6J mice (n = 42), administered at highest recommended doses via single subcutaneous (s.c.) injection (20 mg/kg) and oral self-administration (25 mg/kg/24 h) per drinking water (d.w.) for 5 days. Plasma concentrations were measured at various time points after the start of the treatment (n = 6 per time point), and side effects were evaluated using a modified Irwin test battery, hematology, and histopathology. Additionally, potential interference with cage-side behaviors commonly used for pain assessment, such as the mouse grimace scale, wheel running, burrowing, nesting, and grooming activity, was investigated.ResultsMaximum plasma concentrations of 133.4 ± 11.3 μg/ml were reached 1 h after single s.c. injection with an elimination half-life of 8.52 h. Intake from d.w. resulted in a steady state within 24 h after the start of the treatment with plasma levels of around 60 μg/ml over 5 days in both sexes. The medicated water was well-accepted, and increased d.w. intake was observed in the first 24 h after exposure (p &lt; 0.0001). The Irwin test revealed only minor influence on tested behavior and physiological functions. However, during treatment via d.w., an increase in body temperature (p &lt; 0.0001) was observed, as well as a reduction in voluntary wheel running activity by 49–70% in male mice. Moreover, grooming behavior was slightly affected. Hematology and histopathology were without pathological findings that could be attributed to carprofen treatment. High-dose carprofen can be considered safe and of favorable PK for both administration routes assessed in healthy C57BL/6J mice of both sexes. Further efficacy evaluation of carprofen as monoanalgesic or component of multimodal post-surgical regimens is clearly encouraged; however, the impact on behavioral markers used for pain assessment should be considered in this context.
The Protection and Management of Wapiti in Desert Oases: Bare Land Poses a Limitation to Wapiti Conservation
Authors: Qiao Fujie , Du Hairong , Zhang Xia , Feng Caiping , Tan Zhihua , Yu Yanqin , Liu Zhensheng 
Published: September 2024

The Helan Mountains, situated in the heart of the desert, act as a dividing line between China’s arid and semi-arid zones. Often referred to as a “desert oasis”, they create an ecological island with a uniquely distinctive geographical location, making this area a focal point of contemporary research. Ungulates play a critical role in this ecosystem. The Alashan wapiti (Cervus canadensis alashanicus), an isolated population of China’s smallest wapiti (Cervus canadensis) subspecies, is found exclusively within the Helan Mountains Nature Reserve. The conservation of this isolated population is fraught with challenges, particularly during winter, the harshest season for northern ungulates. Winter habitats are crucial for ensuring population stability. Therefore, we used certain methods, such as factor screening and model parameter optimization to assess habitat suitability using multi-scale species distribution models. The optimized results show that suitable habitats overlap with areas of high vegetation coverage in the Helan Mountains, covering just 588.32 km2, which is less than a quarter of the reserve’s total area. The bare land area and winter NDVI are the two primary factors influencing habitat suitability, with other factors having minimal impact, underscoring the critical importance of food resources for the Alashan wapiti. The limited availability of these resources poses significant conservation challenges. Our findings provide a more precise foundation for targeted habitat protection and restoration efforts. We recommend enhancing the protection and restoration of food resources, effectively conserving vegetated areas, and preventing desertification.
Characterization of Immune Cell Populations and Acid-Sensing Receptors in the Human Esophagus
Authors: Fortea Marina , Hacour Leen , Sancho Francesc , Boada Carlos , Sevillano-Aguilera Cesar , González-Castro Ana María. , Salvo-Romero Eloisa , Lobo Beatriz , Guagnozzi Danila , Ceulemans Laurens J. , Pirenne Jacques , Alonso-Cotoner Carmen , Santos Javier , Farré Ricard , Vicario Maria 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Esophageal inflammatory diseases are frequent diagnoses in clinical practice and have diverse etiologies, the most common being those associated with the exposure to gastric content, drugs and allergens. In diseases, the immunological component is well identified in endoscopic biopsies, which mainly contain the epithelium and the lamina propria; however, deeper layers are less studied. Moreover, the esophageal capacity of sensing luminal compounds is poorly understood. Methods: In transmural sections from proximal, middle and distal esophagus obtained from deceased patients, we performed a phenotypic analysis of the main immune cell populations and acid-sensing receptors by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence methods. Results: A total of nine donors were studied (absence of pathology, optimal tissue preservation and orientation). We found the following: (1) the vascular papillae and the lamina propria are the most infiltrated layers by the lymphoid lineage (T and B lymphocytes), followed by the epithelium, while the smooth muscular layers are mainly populated by the myeloid lineage (macrophages and mast cells); (2) intraepithelial macrophages are consistently found along the esophagus; and (3) eosinophils are absent in all the esophageal layers. The acid-sensing receptors ASIC-1, ASIC-2 and δENAC are expressed in the esophageal epithelium and in the lamina propria, yet only ASIC-2 is expressed in the muscularis mucosae. Conclusions: The human esophagus contains a differential distribution of immune cells and acid-sensing receptors across its layers. This study extends the esophageal histological knowledge previously described and reinforces its role as a defensive and sensing organ.
Flavonoid Synthesis Pathway Response to Low-Temperature Stress in a Desert Medicinal Plant, Agriophyllum Squarrosum (Sandrice)
Authors: Zhao Pengshu , Yan Xia , Qian Chaoju , Ma Guorong , Fan Xingke , Yin Xiaoyue , Liao Yuqiu , Fang Tingzhou , Zhou Shanshan , Awuku Ibrahim , Ma Xiao-Fei 
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Agriophyllum squarrosum (L.) Moq. (A. squarrosum), also known as sandrice, is an important medicinal plant widely distributed in dunes across all the deserts of China. Common garden trials have shown content variations in flavonoids among the ecotypes of sandrice, which correlated with temperature heterogeneity in situ. However, there have not been any environmental control experiments to further elucidate whether the accumulation of flavonoids was triggered by cold stress; Methods: This study conducted a four-day ambient 4 °C low-temperature treatment on three ecotypes along with an in situ annual mean temperature gradient (Dulan (DL), Aerxiang (AEX), and Dengkou (DK)); Results: Target metabolomics showed that 12 out of 14 flavonoids in sandrice were driven by cold stress. Among them, several flavonoids were significantly up-regulated, such as naringenin and naringenin chalcone in all three ecotypes; isorhamnetin, quercetin, dihydroquercetin, and kaempferol in DL and AEX; and astragalin in DK. They were accompanied by 19 structural genes of flavonoid synthesis and 33 transcription factors were markedly triggered by cold stress in sandrice. The upstream genes, AsqAEX006535−CHS, AsqAEX016074−C4H, and AsqAEX004011−4CL, were highly correlated with the enrichment of naringenin, which could be fine-tuned by AsqAEX015868−bHLH62, AsqAEX001711−MYB12, and AsqAEX002220−MYB1R1; Conclusions: This study sheds light on how desert plants like sandrice adapt to cold stress by relying on a unique flavonoid biosynthesis mechanism that regulating the accumulation of naringenin. It also supports the precise development of sandrice for the medicinal industry. Specifically, quercetin and isorhamnetin should be targeted for development in DL and AEX, while astragalin should be precisely developed in DK.
Multi-Fresnel-Lens Pumping Approach for Simultaneous Emission of Seven TEM00-Mode Beams with 3.73% Conversion Efficiency
Authors: Costa Hugo , Liang Dawei , Matos Ana , Almeida Joana 
Published: September 2024

TEM00-mode operation is a requirement in many laser-based applications due to the small divergence and high-power density of the emitted laser beam. A solar laser scheme was designed and numerically studied with the goal of increasing the solar-to-laser power conversion efficiency in the TEM00-mode operation. The collection and primary concentration of sunlight was performed via twelve sets of folding mirrors and Fresnel lenses, toward a laser head composed of a fused silica torus volume and seven Ce:Nd:YAG rods, in a side-pump configuration. With this scheme, TEM00-mode laser power totaling 212.39 W could potentially be produced from seven beams, with six of them being 32.60 W each and with Mx2 = 1.00, My2 = 1.01 quality factors. Notably, 35.40 W/m2 collection efficiency and, most importantly, 3.73% solar-to-laser power conversion efficiency were numerically achieved. The latter efficiency value represents a 1.81-time improvement over the experimental record, established with a prototype that had a single Ce:Nd:YAG rod in an end-side pump configuration.
Role of primary care in depression relapse: a qualitative study
Authors: Moriarty Andrew S , Williams Emma , McMillan Dean , Gilbody Simon , Chew-Graham Carolyn A 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundRelapse contributes to the clinical and societal burden associated with depression. It is not well understood how relapse risk and prevention are managed and discussed between patients and GPs in primary care.AimTo understand the extent to which relapse risk and prevention are discussed and managed in general practice.Design and settingA qualitative study undertaken in general practice in the UK.MethodParticipants were recruited through general practices. Data were generated using semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. Patient and public involvement informed all aspects of the study.ResultsTwenty-three people with lived experience of depression and 22 GPs were interviewed. The following three themes are presented in this paper: perceived determinants of depression course (participants viewed environmental, social, and personal factors as being most important); relapse risk and prevention (relapse was considered important but not consistently or routinely discussed in general practice consultations); and relationships and communication (participants discussed the key role of the GP–patient relationship). Conceptually, relapse was perceived as having limited meaning and usefulness in primary care, owing to the implication of an episodic, discrete course not recognised by many patients and an over-reliance on biomedical diagnosis. Longer-term follow-up and monitoring of depression could be improved in primary care.ConclusionWe provide an evidence-informed framework to improve practice systems and GP consultations to enhance longer-term care and support for people with depression. Going forwards, acute depression management could be optimised to include discussions of relapse risk and prevention. Brief, scalable relapse prevention interventions are needed for use in primary care.
PROVIDING KB EDUCATIONAL INFORMATION COMMUNICATION (KIE) USING LEAFLET MEDIA IN DECISION-MAKING ON IUD CONTRACEPTION DEVICES
Authors: Meika Jaya Rochkmana  , Rohayati  , Mariza Mustika Dewi  
Published: September 2024

Kebijakan pemerintah dalam bidang kependudukan, memiliki implikasi yang tinggi terhadap pembangunan kesehatan, oleh karena itu program KB memiliki posisi strategis dalam upaya pengendalian laju pertumbuhan penduduk. Secara umum faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan PUS tidak menjadi peserta KB adalah pelayanan KB yang masih kurang berkualitas, keterbatasan alat kontrasepsi, penyampaian informasi media leaflet maupun KIE serta minimnya informasi yang didapat oleh PUS untuk mendapatkan informasi dalam pengambilan keputusan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian KIE KB dengan Media Leaflet dalam pengambilan keputusan alat kontrasepsi IUD.
Metode Penelitian menggunakan rancangan pra eksperimen dengan posttest only design. Populasi di Puskesmas Gunungpati Semarang sebanyak 1648, sampel 50 diambil dengan proportional cluster random sampling. Data dianalisis dengan uji Independen T Test dengan hasil sig 0.002 < 0,05
Hasil penelitian ada pengaruh pemberian KIE KB dengan media leaflet dalam pengambilan keputusan alat kontrasepsi IUD dengan hasil sig < 0,05 dan ada perbedaan pemberian KIE KB dengan media leaflet dalam pengambilan keputusan alat kontrasepsi IUD dengan hasil sig < 0,05
Kesimpulan bahwa KIE dengan media leaflet efektif untuk meningkatkan kemantapan dalam pengambilan keputusan alat kontrasepsi MKJP IUD pada PUS. Disarankan agar petugas kesehatan tetap memberikan KIE kepada PUS untuk meningkatkan kemantapannya dalam pengambilan keputusan alat kontrasepsi IUD.

Katakunci: KIE, media leaflet, Pengambilan Keputusan, IUD
THE STATE OF RESOURCES AND PRODUCTION VOLUMES OF CAPERCAILLIE (TETRAO UROGALLUS L.) IN THE SOUTHERN SUBZONE OF THE EUROPEAN TAIGA ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE POPULATION GROUPING OF THE TVER REGION
Authors: Головина М.В. , Чугреев М.К. , Цепляева Н.В. 
Published: September 2024

В статье анализируется состояние ресурсов глухаря в биоценозах южной подзоны европейской тайги на примере охотничьих угодий Тверской области. Изучены некоторые основные популяционные показатели. Приводятся данные о численности и плотности населения глухаря, многолетние средние значения численности и объёмов добычи. Показана динамика этих показателей. Дан расчёт абсолютной и относительной скорости изменения численности, представлена оценка ресурсов этого вида в натуральном и стоимостном выражении.
The article analyzes the state of capercaillie resources in the biotic communities of the southern subzone of the European taiga on the example of the hunting areas of the Tver region. Some basic population indicators have been studied. Data on the number and density of the capercaillie population, long-term average values of the number and production volumes are given. The dynamics of these indicators is shown. The calculation of the absolute and relative rate of population change is given, and an assessment of the resources of this species in physical and monetary terms is presented.
MOLECULAR GENETIC REVISION OF THE SCALLOPS OF COLLECTOR FARMS OF THE CRIMEAN BLACK SEA COAST
Authors: Слынько Е.Е. , Белкин Е.Н. , Климкин С.В. , Автонов А.Е. 
Published: September 2024

На основании молекулярно-генетических и морфологических данных изучен современный таксономический статус и популяционная изменчивость черноморского гребешка. Установлено, что черноморский гребешок может быть надёжно квалифицирован как средиземноморский гребешок Flexopecten glaber (Linnaeus, 1758). Для черноморского гребешка, по сравнению с объединённой выборкой средиземноморских гребешков, характерны значительное снижение величин параметров изменчивости, присутствие новых гаплотипов и нарастание рассогласования в распределении нуклеотидов. Предлагаются вероятные объяснения наблюдаемых явлений с позиций эпигенетической теории эволюции и времени проникновения гребешка в Чёрное море.
Based on molecular genetic and morphological data, the modern taxonomic status and population variability of the Black Sea scallop were studied. It has been established that the Black Sea scallop can be reliably qualified as the Mediterranean scallop Flexopecten glaber(Linnaeus, 1758). The Black Sea scallop, in comparison with the combined sample of Mediterranean scallops, is characterized by a significant decrease in the values of variability parameters, the presence of new haplotypes and an increase in mismatch in the distribution of nucleotides. Probable explanations of the observed phenomena from the standpoint of the epigenetic theory of evolution and the time of penetration of the scallop into the Black Sea are proposed.