bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neonatal respiratory syncytial virus infection has an effect on lung inflammation and the CD4+CD25+ T cell subpopulation during ovalbumin sensitization in adult mice
Authors: Comas-García A , López-Pacheco C P , García-Zepeda E A , Soldevila G , Ramos-Martínez P , Ramos-Castañeda J 
Published: March 2016

SummaryIn BALB/c adult mice, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection enhances the degree of lung inflammation before and/or after ovalbumin (OVA) respiratory sensitization. However, it is unclear whether RSV infection in newborn mice has an effect on the immune response to OVA respiratory sensitization in adult mice. The aim of this study was to determine if RSV neonatal infection alters T CD4+ population and lung inflammation during OVA respiratory sensitization in adult mice. BALB/c mice were infected with RSV on the fourth day of life and challenged by OVA 4 weeks later. We found that in adult mice, RSV neonatal infection prior to OVA sensitization reduces the CD4+CD25+ and CD4+CD25+ forkhead protein 3 (FoxP3)+ cell populations in the lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage. Furthermore, it also attenuates the inflammatory infiltrate and cytokine/chemokine expression levels in the mouse airways. In conclusion, the magnitude of the immune response to a non-viral respiratory perturbation in adult mice is not enhanced by a neonatal RSV infection.
Association between serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and serum sex steroid hormones among men in NHANES
Authors: Anic Gabriella M. , Albanes Demetrius , Rohrmann Sabine , Kanarek Norma , Nelson William G. , Bradwin Gary , Rifai Nader , McGlynn Katherine A. , Platz Elizabeth A. , Mondul Alison M. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundRecent literature suggests that high circulating vitamin D may increase prostate cancer risk. Although the mechanism through which vitamin D may increase risk is unknown, vitamin D concentration could influence circulating sex steroid hormones that may be associated with prostate cancer; an alternate explanation is that it could be associated with prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) concentration causing detection bias.ObjectiveWe examined whether serum vitamin D concentration was associated with sex steroid hormone and PSA concentrations in a cross‐sectional analysis of men in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES).DesignTestosterone, oestradiol, sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG), androstanediol glucuronide, and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) were measured in serum from men aged 20 and older participating in NHANES III (n = 1315) and NHANES 2001–2004 (n = 318). Hormone concentrations were compared across 25(OH)D quintiles, adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, body fat percentage, and smoking. PSA concentration was estimated by 25(OH)D quintile in 4013 men from NHANES 2001–2006.ResultsIn NHANES III, higher testosterone (quintile (Q) 1 = 17·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 16·1–18·6; Q5 = 19·6, 95% CI = 18·7–20·6 nmol/l, P‐trend = 0·0002) and SHBG (Q1 = 33·8, 95% CI = 30·8–37·0; Q5 = 38·4, 95% CI = 35·8–41·2 nmol/l, P‐trend = 0·0005) were observed with increasing 25(OH)D. Similar results were observed in NHANES 2001–2004. PSA concentration was not associated with serum 25(OH)D (P‐trend = 0·34).ConclusionResults from these nationally representative studies support a positive association between serum 25(OH)D and testosterone and SHBG. The findings support an indirect mechanism through which vitamin D may increase prostate cancer risk, and suggest the link to prostate cancer is not due to PSA‐detection bias.
Molecular systematics of teioid lizards (Teioidea/Gymnophthalmoidea: Squamata) based on the analysis of 48 loci under tree‐alignment and similarity‐alignment
Authors: Goicoechea Noemí , Frost Darrel R. , De la Riva Ignacio , Pellegrino Katia C. M. , Sites Jack , Rodrigues Miguel T. , Padial José M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe infer phylogenetic relationships within Teioidea, a superfamily of Nearctic and Neotropical lizards, using nucleotide sequences. Phylogenetic analyses relied on parsimony under tree‐alignment and similarity‐alignment, with length variation (i.e. gaps) treated as evidence and as absence of evidence, and maximum‐likelihood under similarity‐alignment with gaps as absence of evidence. All analyses produced almost completely resolved trees despite 86% of missing data. Tree‐alignment produced the shortest trees, the strict consensus of which is more similar to the maximum‐likelihood tree than to any of the other parsimony trees, in terms of both number of clades shared, parsimony cost and likelihood scores. Comparisons of tree costs suggest that the pattern of indels inferred by similarity‐alignment drove parsimony analyses on similarity‐aligned sequences away from more optimal solutions. All analyses agree in a majority of clades, although they differ from each other in unique ways, suggesting that neither the criterion of optimality, alignment nor treatment of indels alone can explain all differences. Parsimony rejects the monophyly of Gymnophthalmidae due to the position of Alopoglossinae relative to Teiidae, whereas support of Gymnophthalmidae by maximum‐likelihood was low. We address various nomenclatural issues, including Gymnophthalmidae Fitzinger, 1826 being an older name than Teiidae Gray, 1827. We recognize three families in the arrangement Alopoglossidae + (Teiidae + Gymnophthalmidae). Within Gymnophthalmidae we recognize Cercosaurinae, Gymnophthalminae, Rhachisaurinae and Riolaminae in the relationship Cercosaurinae + (Rhachisaurinae + (Riolaminae + Gymnophthalminae)). Cercosaurinae is composed of three tribes—Bachiini, Cercosaurini and Ecpleopodini—and Gymnophthalminae is composed of three—Gymnophthalmini, Heterodactylini and Iphisini. Within Teiidae we retain the currently recognized three subfamilies in the arrangement: Callopistinae + (Tupinambinae + Teiinae). We also propose several genus‐level changes to restore the monophyly of taxa.
Patient‐reported outcome and its association with attachment type and bone volume in mandibular implant overdenture
Authors: Khalid Taimur , Yunus Norsiah , Ibrahim Norliza , Elkezza Aeman , Masood Mohd 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) and denture satisfaction (DS) in patients provided with mandibular implant‐supported overdentures (ISOD) retained by two different attachment types, and the association of mandibular bone volume with the change in patient‐reported outcome, before and after implant treatment.Material and methodsThirty‐four patients (mean age 60.70  ±  8.7 years) received telescopic crown or locator attachments for ISOD and completed OHIP‐14 (Malaysian version) and DS questionnaires, at baseline (T0) with new conventional complete dentures (CCD) and 3 months (T1) and 3 years (T2) after ISOD conversion. Mandibular bone volume was calculated from cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) datasets using Mimics software. Mean changes (MC) in OHIP‐14 and DS at intervals were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed‐rank test and effect size (ES). The association of bone volume, implant attachment type, and other patient variables with the change in OHIP‐14 and DS were determined using multivariate linear regression analysis.ResultsThe MC in OHIP‐14 and DS scores from T0 to T1 and T2 showed significant improvement with moderate and large ES, respectively. Regression analyses for the change in OHIP‐14 score from T0 to T2 showed significant association with implant attachment type (P = 0.043), bone volume (P = 0.004), and baseline OHIP‐14 (P = 0.001), while for DS, the association was only significant with baseline DS score (P = 0.001).ConclusionImprovement in patients' OHRQoL and satisfaction with ISOD was associated with their baseline ratings. Mandibular bone volume had a stronger association for improvement in OHRQoL compared to type of attachment.
Comparison of growth & function of endothelial progenitor cells cultured on deproteinized bovine bone modified with covalently bound fibronectin and bound vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Kumar Vinay V. , Heller Martin , Götz Hermann , Schiegnitz Eik , Al‐Nawas Bilal , Kämmerer Peer W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study was to assess and compare the growth and function of Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) cultured on covalently bonded Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and covalently bonded Fibronectin (FN) coating on deproteinized bovine bone (DBB) (test samples), compared to non‐modified DBB blocks (control sample).Materials and methodsThe test samples were prepared by plasma polymerization of allylamine onto DBB blocks. Group1 of test samples were prepared with VEGF coating (VEGF‐DBB) where as the Group2 test samples were coated with FN (FN‐DBB). Non‐modified DBB blocks served as a Control. EPCs were isolated and cultivated from buffy coats of peripheral blood of healthy volunteers and cultivated in the different samples and examined at time intervals of 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days. Evaluation of growth by cell count and cell morphology was done using Confocal Laser Scanning Electron Microscopy; vitality and function of cells was assessed using MTT assay and RT‐PCR and ELISA for eNOS and iNOS respectively.ResultsThe results of the study show that both VEGF and FN could be successfully immobilized by plasma polymerization onto a complex, porous, three‐dimensional structure of DBB. When comparing vital cell coverage, proliferation and function of EPCs, FN‐DBB provided more positive values followed by VEGF‐DBB as compared to DBB samples. eNOS level were significant higher in VEGF‐DBB and FN‐DBB when compared to DBB (P = 0.019 and P = 0.002). The difference between VEGF‐DBB and FN‐DBB was not significant.ConclusionsBiomimetic coatings of Fibronectin may clinically relate to faster angiogenesis and earlier healing potential.
Toward quantification of the impact of 21st‐century deforestation on the extinction risk of terrestrial vertebrates
Authors: Tracewski Łukasz , Butchart Stuart H.M. , Di Marco Moreno , Ficetola Gentile F. , Rondinini Carlo , Symes Andy , Wheatley Hannah , Beresford Alison E. , Buchanan Graeme M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractConservation actions need to be prioritized, often taking into account species’ extinction risk. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List provides an accepted, objective framework for the assessment of extinction risk. Assessments based on data collected in the field are the best option, but the field data to base these on are often limited. Information collected through remote sensing can be used in place of field data to inform assessments. Forests are perhaps the best‐studied land‐cover type for use of remote‐sensing data. Using an open‐access 30‐m resolution map of tree cover and its change between 2000 and 2012, we assessed the extent of forest cover and loss within the distributions of 11,186 forest‐dependent amphibians, birds, and mammals worldwide. For 16 species, forest loss resulted in an elevated extinction risk under red‐list criterion A, owing to inferred rapid population declines. This number increased to 23 when data‐deficient species (i.e., those with insufficient information for evaluation) were included. Under red‐list criterion B2, 484 species (855 when data‐deficient species were included) were considered at elevated extinction risk, owing to restricted areas of occupancy resulting from little forest cover remaining within their ranges. The proportion of species of conservation concern would increase by 32.8% for amphibians, 15.1% for birds, and 24.7% for mammals if our suggested uplistings are accepted. Central America, the Northern Andes, Madagascar, the Eastern Arc forests in Africa, and the islands of Southeast Asia are hotspots for these species. Our results illustrate the utility of satellite imagery for global extinction‐risk assessment and measurement of progress toward international environmental agreement targets.
Estimating the extent and structure of trade in horticultural orchids via social media
Authors: Hinsley Amy , Lee Tamsin E. , Harrison Joseph R. , Roberts David L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe wildlife trade is a lucrative industry involving thousands of animal and plant species. The increasing use of the internet for both legal and illegal wildlife trade is well documented, but there is evidence that trade may be emerging on new online technologies such as social media. Using the orchid trade as a case study, we conducted the first systematic survey of wildlife trade on an international social‐media website. We focused on themed forums (groups), where people with similar interests can interact by uploading images or text (posts) that are visible to other group members. We used social‐network analysis to examine the ties between 150 of these orchid‐themed groups to determine the structure of the network. We found 4 communities of closely linked groups based around shared language. Most trade occurred in a community that consisted of English‐speaking and Southeast Asian groups. In addition to the network analysis, we randomly sampled 30 groups from the whole network to assess the prevalence of trade in cultivated and wild plants. Of 55,805 posts recorded over 12 weeks, 8.9% contained plants for sale, and 22–46% of these posts pertained to wild‐collected orchids. Although total numbers of posts about trade were relatively small, the large proportion of posts advertising wild orchids for sale supports calls for better monitoring of social media for trade in wild‐collected plants.
Spicy Adjectives and Nominal Donkeys: Capturing Semantic Deviance Using Compositionality in Distributional Spaces
Authors: Vecchi Eva M. , Marelli Marco , Zamparelli Roberto , Baroni Marco 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSophisticated senator and legislative onion. Whether or not you have ever heard of these things, we all have some intuition that one of them makes much less sense than the other. In this paper, we introduce a large dataset of human judgments about novel adjective‐noun phrases. We use these data to test an approach to semantic deviance based on phrase representations derived with compositional distributional semantic methods, that is, methods that derive word meanings from contextual information, and approximate phrase meanings by combining word meanings. We present several simple measures extracted from distributional representations of words and phrases, and we show that they have a significant impact on predicting the acceptability of novel adjective‐noun phrases even when a number of alternative measures classically employed in studies of compound processing and bigram plausibility are taken into account. Our results show that the extent to which an attributive adjective alters the distributional representation of the noun is the most significant factor in modeling the distinction between acceptable and deviant phrases. Our study extends current applications of compositional distributional semantic methods to linguistically and cognitively interesting problems, and it offers a new, quantitatively precise approach to the challenge of predicting when humans will find novel linguistic expressions acceptable and when they will not.
Obstetric and long‐term kidney outcomes in renal transplant recipients: a 40‐yr single‐center study
Authors: Stoumpos Sokratis , McNeill Susan H. , Gorrie Morag , Mark Patrick B. , Brennand Janet E. , Geddes Colin C. , Deighan Christopher J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractFemale renal transplant recipients of childbearing age may ask what the outcomes are for pregnancy and whether pregnancy will affect graft function. We analyzed obstetric and transplant outcomes among renal transplant recipients in our center who have been pregnant between 1973 and 2013. A case−cohort study was performed identifying 83 pairs of pregnant and non‐pregnant controls matched for sex, age, transplant vintage, and creatinine. There were 138 pregnancies reported from 89 renal transplant recipients. There were live births in 74% of pregnancies with high prevalence of prematurity (61%), low birth weight (52%), and pre‐eclampsia (14%). Lower eGFR (OR 0.98; p = 0.05) and higher uPCR (OR 1.86; p = 0.02) at conception were independent predictors for poor composite obstetric outcome. Lower eGFR (OR 0.98; p = 0.04), higher uPCR (OR 1.50; p = 0.04), and live organ donation (OR 0.35; p = 0.02) were predictors of ≥20% loss of eGFR between immediately pre‐pregnancy and one yr after delivery. There was no difference in eGFR at one, five, and 10 yr in pregnant women compared with non‐pregnant controls and a pregnancy was not associated with poorer 10‐yr transplant or 20‐yr patient survival. Despite high rates of obstetric complications, most women had successful pregnancies with good long‐term transplant function.
The effectiveness of bowel and bladder interventions in children with spina bifida
Authors: Smith Kathryn , Neville‐Jan Ann , Freeman Kurt A , Adams Elizabeth , Mizokawa Stacey , Dudgeon Brian J , Merkens Mark J , Walker William O 
Published: March 2016

AimUsing the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), the aim of this study was to identify effective strategies for managing urinary and bowel complications resulting from spina bifida.MethodCharts of 210 children between 4‐ and 13‐years‐old with spina bifida were reviewed to quantify medical interventions and continence status. Standardized quality of life (QOL) questionnaires were administered to a subset of participants; child and parent interviews were carried out to examine the experience of living with bowel and bladder incontinence. Practitioners were also interviewed to understand their perspectives of intervention effectiveness.ResultsChart review indicated less than half of children were continent for bowel and bladder. More variability existed in bowel continence programs, and practitioners considered bowel continence more difficult to achieve than bladder continence. No significant associations were found between continence status and QOL measures. Interviews, however, reflected how managing continence at home and school more broadly affects QOL. Among practitioners, some focused primarily on optimizing physical health while others focused on activity and participation.InterpretationWhile continence is a goal, programs used to achieve this are individualized and outcomes may be affected by differential treatment effects, environmental factors, and/or stigma experienced by children.
Effect of adding insulin degludec to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin and liraglutide: a double‐blind randomized controlled trial (BEGIN: ADD TO GLP‐1 Study)
Authors: Aroda V. R. , Bailey T. S. , Cariou B. , Kumar S. , Leiter L. A. , Raskin P. , Zacho J. , Andersen T. H. , Philis‐Tsimikas A. 
Published: March 2016

AimTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of adding insulin degludec (IDeg) to treatment in patients with type 2 diabetes receiving liraglutide and metformin and qualifying for treatment intensification because of inadequate glycaemic control.MethodsIn this 26‐week, double‐blind trial, patients who still had inadequate glycaemic control after a 15‐week run‐in period with initiation and dose escalation of liraglutide to 1.8 mg in combination with metformin (≥1500 mg) were randomized to addition of once‐daily IDeg (‘IDeg add‐on to liraglutide’ arm; n = 174) or placebo (‘placebo add‐on to liraglutide’ arm; n = 172), with dosing of both IDeg and placebo based on titration guidelines.ResultsAt 26 weeks, the mean change in glycated haemoglobin level was greater in the IDeg add‐on to liraglutide arm (−1.04%) than in the placebo add‐on to liraglutide arm (−0.16%; p < 0.0001). Similarly, the mean fasting plasma glucose reduction was greater, and self‐measured plasma glucose values were lower at all eight time points, with IDeg add‐on versus placebo add‐on (both p < 0.0001). At 26 weeks, the IDeg dose was 51 U (0.54 U/kg). During the run‐in period with liraglutide, body weight decreased by ∼3 kg in both groups. After 26 weeks, the mean change was +2.0 kg (IDeg add‐on to liraglutide) and −1.3 kg (placebo add‐on to liraglutide). Confirmed hypoglycaemia rates were low in both groups, although higher with IDeg than with placebo (0.57 vs. 0.12 episodes/patient‐years of exposure; p = 0.0002). Nocturnal confirmed hypoglycaemia was infrequent in both groups, with no episodes of severe hypoglycaemia, and no marked differences in adverse events with either treatment approach.ConclusionThe addition of liraglutide and IDeg to patients sub‐optimally treated with metformin and liraglutide and requiring treatment intensification was found to be effective and well‐tolerated.
Left Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in HER‐2 + Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Anthracyclines and Trastuzumab Who Develop Cardiotoxicity Is Associated with Subsequent Recovery of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction
Authors: Fei Hong‐wen , Ali Mohammed T. , Tan Timothy C. , Cheng Kai‐Hung , Salama Laura , Hua Lanqi , Zeng Xin , Halpern Elkan F. , Taghian Alphonse , MacDonald Shannon M. , Scherrer‐Crosbie Marielle 
Published: March 2016

AimThe combination of anthracyclines (AC) and trastuzumab (TRZ) is highly effective in patients with aggressive HER‐2 + breast cancer, but has a significant risk of cardiotoxicity (CT). Trastuzumab‐induced CT may be reversible. The aim of this study was to identify echocardiographic parameters associated with recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in patients who developed CT after AC and TRZ treatment.Methods and ResultsWomen with newly diagnosed breast cancer treated with AC followed by TRZ and monitored with serial echocardiograms were retrospectively studied. Left ventricular end‐diastolic and systolic volumes, LVEF, and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were examined. Development and reversibility of CT were defined based on changes in LVEF according to the 2014 ASE/EACVI recommendations. Cox analysis was used to determine the association of echocardiographic variables with the subsequent development and reversibility of CT. Ninety‐five patients underwent 5 echocardiograms or more in a 17‐month (13–28 months) follow‐up period. Nineteen patients (20%) developed CT. Left ventricular volumes, LVEF, and GLS measured after AC completion identified the subsequent development of CT. Of the 19 patients with CT, the LVEF partially or fully recovered in 13 (68%). GLS at the time of CT diagnosis was associated with subsequent recovery of LVEF (P = 0.004).ConclusionIn patients with breast cancer treated with AC and TRZ who develop CT, GLS at the time of CT diagnosis is associated with subsequent recovery of LVEF and may be useful for risk stratification and to guide treatment.