bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Development of Top 200 Prescribed Drugs in Community Pharmacies at Medan City as a Learning Tools
Authors: Tanjung Hari Ronaldo , Nasution Embun Suci 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The pharmacy student at clerk-ship level and pharmacists need the drug information literature contains information of prescribed drug that utilized in pharmaceutical practice daily in order to learn effectively. The aims of the study was to develop top 200 prescribed drugs in community pharmacies at Medan city as a learning tools for the pharmacy students at clerk-ship level and pharmacists.Methods: The study was a descriptive study that used a cross sectional survey methodology. The top 200 items of prescribed drugs obtained from the pharmacies selected regarding to random sampling method. The study was conducted from August to November 2016. The top 200 prescribed drugs lists was developed in to a draft of drug information book and a group of pharmacy students at clerk-ship level and pharmacists was asked to evaluate the book and gave suggestions using a set of questionnaire.Results: The top 200 prescribed drugs list revealed that the five most prescribed drugs was amoxicilline (5.55 %), followed by dexamethasone (4.44%), mefenamic acid (3.73%), cetirizine (3.16%), and ciprofloxacine (2.97%). The result of a draft of drugs information book evaluation that was evaluated by 120 pharmacy students and pharmacists showed the drug information book draft was good and able to publish. The respondents mention some suggestion for the book i.e. “Image made more attractive and in various colors and the image adjusted with an indication of drug” (43.74%) and “Using language that is easily understood and more detailed information” (16.85%).Conclusions: The study has developed top 200 prescribed drugs in community pharmacies at Medan city in to a validated drug information book as a learning tool. The drug information book very useful for a continuing professional development program for pharmacists and build the pharmacy student’s confidence before they face the real patients at the community pharmacy practice setting. Key words: Prescribed drugs, drug information, learning tools
CASE REPORTON TURNERS SYNDROME IN NORTH KARNATAKA
Authors: Kadakol G S , Hadimani Gavishiddappa , Patil Shankar V , Bulagouda Rudragouda S 
Published: April 2017

Turner syndrome (TS) is a common chromosomaldisorder. Turner syndrome (TS) also known as Ulrich–Turner syndrome, gonadal dysgenesis and 45, X, is a condition in which a female is partly or completely missing an X chromosome.The main clinical features of TS are Swollen hands and feet,Wide and webbed neck, a combination of the following symptoms may be seen in older females:Absent or incomplete development at puberty, including sparse pubic hair and small breasts broad, flat chest shaped like a shield, drooping eyelids, Turner Syndrome frequently seen in young infants.Our case of a 10-year-old girl has TS-specific clinical hallmarks,with the symptoms of short stature, wide barred shaped chest drooping eyelids. She visited our hospital because of her neck swelling, pain in on /off condition since one month. In our study we reported both clinically & cytogenetic investigation which shows a patient is suffering from Turner Syndrome. This type of Syndrome is very rare in this region.Keywords:Turner Syndrome, Short Stature,Chromosome Analysis
DESIGN AND INVITRO CHARACTERIZATION OF METFORMIN LOADED RESEALED ERYTHROCYTES
Authors: Viswanad Vidya , S Aiswarya , S Parvathy , Tp Aneesh 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Metformin is an oral antidiabetic drug in the biguanide class. It is the first-line drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The objective of the present study was to retard the release of metformin using carrier erythrocyte for getting a parenteral slow release depot formulation.Methods: The study retards the release of metformin by encapsulating in carier erythrocyte. Endocytosis is the method used for the encapsulation of the drug metormin.Results: The optimized formulation shows 98.34% of drug release within 12 days. From the invitro release data zero order kinetic graph shows the best fit graph. % cell recovered was found to be 73-78% and it suggests that the loading technique was less destructive.Conclusion: The optimized formulation is a perfect carrier for the parenteral slow release depot of metformin.Keywords: Resealed erythrocytes, cross linking, cell recovery, endocytosis, slow release depot formulation
DOCKING STUDIES FOR VARIOUS ANTIBACTERIAL BENZILATE DERIVATIVES
Authors: Rajendran Sudha , P Brindha Devi , Kanakam Charles C , G Nithya 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: In this study, we have focused on discovering the leads for the enzyme targets of infectious disease tuberculosis. We employed computeraided drug design docking tool,to discover new leads for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB).Methods: Five compounds were synthesized and they are made to dock into the active site of the enzyme; retrieved from protein data bank.Results: The docking studies and structure–activity relationship reveals that the compound 2’-chloro-4-methoxy-3nitro benzilic acid after threedifferent docking strategies reveals that the score was found to be higher compared with others(−5.568 kcal/mol).Conclusion: On the closer analysis of this molecule, the molecule showed stacking interaction and the compound has also found to be surrounded by non-polar amino acids, which makes this molecule potent toward antibacterial drug discovery.Keywords: Antibacterials, Docking, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and excretion study, Resistance.
EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVTY OF DIFFERENT EXTRACTS OF MYRISTICA FRAGRANS HOUTT: IN VITRO AND IN SILICO STUDIES
Authors: Sivaraj Saranya , Kannayiram Gomathi , Dasararaju Gayathri 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study is aimed to evaluate the anti-diabetic effect of sequentially extracted (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) Myristica fragrans houtt (mace) through in vitro and in silico studies. Methods: The in vitro anti-diabetic effect of the sequentially extracted plant were evaluated for its alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and the potential binding was studied by in silico studies using Schrödinger Maestro.Results: All extracts showed dose dependent alpha-amylase inhibitory effect. At concentration 500 µg/ml, all the extracts showed more than 60% inhibition of the alpha-amylase enzyme and the highest inhibition (81.30%) at 500 µg/ml was observed in DCM extract of mace. Potential compounds were identified by in silico molecular docking studies of alpha-amylase with phytocomponents from DCM extract. Among the top three compounds from virtual screening, induced fit docking studies revealed 2,5-bis(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,4-dimethyloxolane possessed better binding affinity when compared with the drug metformin. Conclusion: The obtained in vitro and in silico results suggest that all extracts of Myristica fragrans can be used successfully for the management of diabetes mellitus.Keywords: Myristica fragrans, Mace, Sequential extraction, Alpha-amylase, Molecular docking.
FABRICATION OF NOVEL ANTICANCER POLYOXOMETALATE [CoW11O39(CpTi)]7- -CHITOSAN NANO-COMPOSITE, ITS TOXICITY REDUCTION AND SUSTAINED RELEASE
Authors: Pandya Vamangi M , Joshi Sachin A 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Polyoxometalates (POMs) are proved to be important for applications in medicine and in material science. Here, we representnanocomposite formation of tungsten-containing potent anticancer polyanion, K 6 H [CoW 11 O 39 (CpTi)].13H 2 O (CoW CpTi) with biocompatible ChitosanYC-100 (CSYC100) with the goal to reduce its heavy metal toxicity.Methods: Synthesis of “POM-CSYC100 nanocomposite” was attained without the aid of any cross-linker through electrostatic interaction technique. Nanocomposites were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The release profile recorded was slow and sustained at physiological pH. In vitro cytotoxicity assays which show an attribute to reduce the toxicity of these POM were performed on C2C12 (mouse myoblast cell line) and A-549 (lung cancer cell line), which proved the reduced toxicity of nanocomposites as compared to the bare drugs.Results: Sustained release studies showed there was a slow and steady release of CoW CpTi for 11 hrs, with the 98% of collective release at the end. From in vitro cytotoxic assay, it was deduced that CoW 11 11 CpTi -CSYC100 nanocomposite at the concentrations of 1.25 mM, and lower did not exhibit toxic effect on C2C12 cells as 95% total C2C12 cell mass remained viable. While in the case of A549 cells highest 5 mM concentration of bare CoW 11 CpTi is toxic to the cancer cells and after encapsulation cell viability increases from 10% to 55%.Conclusion: Thus, this study has designated the probability of using POM-chitosan nanocomposite for less toxic and effective biomedicinal applications.Keywords: Anticancer, Chitosan, Nanocomposite, In vitro cytotoxicity, Drug release.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC METHODS FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF VILANTEROL AND FLUTICASONE FUROATE IN PHARMACEUTICAL FORMULATIONS
Authors: Masimukku Siva Kishore , Chintal Rambabu 
Published: April 2017

Objective: To develop a simple, rapid, precise, accurate, sensitive spectrophotometric methods (A&B) were developed for simultaneous estimation and validation of Vilanterol (VTL) and Fluticasone Furoate (FFE) in pure and tablet dosage forms.Method: Method A is a simultaneous equation method and method B is a first order derivative spectrophotometric method. Pure drug samples of VTL and FFE were dissolved in a mixture of Methanol and Ethanol in the ratio of 1:1 (v/v) and found to have absorbance maxima at 231nm for VTL and 260nm for FFE respectivelyResults: The linearity lies between 2.5–10µg/ml for VTL and 10–60µg/ml for FFE in these two methods (A&B). The correlation coefficient (r2) was found to be 0.999 for both VTL and FFE, the limit of detection and limit of quantification were found to be 0.015µg/ml and 0.05µg/ml for VTL and 0.05µg/ml and 0.2µg/ml for FFE respectively. The results of analysis have been validated statistically by recovery studies as per ICH guidelines.Conclusion: The two methods A&B showed good reproducibility and recovery with % RSD less than 2. Hence both methods were found to be rapid, specific, precise and accurate and can be successfully applied for the routine analysis of VTL and FFE in pure and combined dosage form.Keywords: Fluticasone furoate, Vilanterol, Derivative spectrophotometric, Simultaneous equation method, Method development and validation.
Morphometric study of proximal femur in fractured and non-fractured post menopausal women
Authors: Nayak Lopamudra , Senapati Susmita , Panda Sitanshu Kumar , Chinara Prafulla Kumar 
Published: April 2017

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the risk of hip fracture using proximal femoral morphometry in fractured and nonfractured postmenopausal women.Methods: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study with 138 postmenopausal women (49 fractured and 89 nonfractured). The hip axis length (HAL), femoral neck axis length (FNAL), acetabular width (AW), femoral head width (FHW), femoral shaft width (FSW), and femoral neck shaft angle (FNSA) were measured in all cases by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. We also studied the correlation between body mass index (BMI) with all the parameters in fractured and control groups.Results: The mean age, height, weight, and BMI were 61.24±3.23, 163.94±7.84 cm, 71.88±9.14 kg, and 26.72±2.78 kg/m², respectively, in fractured patients. In nonfractured patients the values were 59.73±5.32, 161.73±4.25 cm, 69.54±6.25 kg, and 26.74±2.23 kg/m² respectively. The mean HAL, FNAL, AW, FHW, FSW, and FNSA were 130.5±3.18 mm, 111.26±3.64 mm, 18.2±1.91 mm, 53.46±1.51 mm, 37.45±1.82 mm, and 132.76±3.15 degree incase group and 130.84±4.74 mm, 112.48±4.08 mm, 17.57±2.32 mm, 53.4±1.86 mm, 35.29±1.82 mm, and 128.76±3.6° in control group, respectively.Conclusion: The femoral parameters such as HAL, FNAL, AW, and FHW do not indicate any correlation between fractured and control groups, whereas FSW and FNSA were significantly higher in case group. The FNSA was having significant negative correlation with BMI in fractured group while that was having a significant positive correlation in the nonfractured group. This observation will be helpful in exploration of its clinical significance in proximal femoral fracture.Keywords: Proximal femur, Morphometry, Postmenopausal, Fracture.
A STUDY TO REVIEW THE APPROPRIATENESS OF DRUG DOSAGE IN RENALLY IMPAIRED PATIENT BY IDENTIFYING, ANALYSING AND ADJUSTING DOSAGES IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL
Authors: Sam Gloria K , M Rathod Mrudangsinh , Achankunju Ancy , John Rose Maria 
Published: April 2017

Objectives To identify and analyze drug dosing in renally impaired patient in a tertiary care teaching hospital and to categorize patients on the basis of gender, age, GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate) and anemia.Methodology A prospective interventional study was conducted on the drug dosage in renally impaired patient by identifying, analyzing, and adjusting. Ethical clearance was obtained from the IEC (Institutional Ethical Committee). The study was conducted on 103 patients with renal impairment for a period of six months. During ward rounds, cases were collected and collected data were assessed and analysed by using Micromedex, Lexicomp. For the possible interventions, the dosage errors were reported along with the evidence.Results Out of the 103 patients, 73 were males and 30 were females and majority of patients belonged to the age group between 41- 65 yrs. 56.31% and 43.69% of patients were in the category B and category C of GFR respectively. A total of 244 co-morbidities were present in 103 patients with HTN (Hypertension) and Type 2 DM (Diabetes Mellitus) the foremost. In total, 983 drugs were prescribed to the total patient with an average of 9.54 drugs per patient, 175 drugs required dosage adjustment.Conclusion The present study effectively reports all the interventions to the physicians along with the supporting data. Continuous medical education to the physicians together with pharmacists may reduce the chances of incongruity in drugs given to the renally impaired patients.Key Words: Renal impairment, MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease), Creatinine Clearance, Dosage Adjustment
VALIDATION OF WATER PURIFICATION SYSTEM
Authors: Gupta N Vishal , Hm Nataraj , G Ravi 
Published: April 2017

Objective: Validation of water treatment systems is required to achieve water with all preferred quality attributes. This also delivers a circumstantial to establish a total control over the process which screens efficacy, safety, and ultimately, the process outcomes. The goal of steering validation is to establish that a process when operated within established limits, yields a product of reliable and definite quality with a high degree of assurance.Methods: The current work is an effort to deliberate several aspects of validation comprising different approaches, machineries of water purification systems, equipment qualifications, performance testing phases, microbial and chemical analysis of water samples, documentation, and post-validationmonitoring. Mainly the validation is done for new water plants in pharmaceutical industry.Results and Discussion: Sampling of water was carried out after each step in the purification process, and the results were found within limits.Conclusion: Water purification systems must be operated in the interior regulatory guidelines as with pharmaceutical manufacture facilities.Successful achievement of validation is confirmed by various testing phases. Usually, a three-phase testing approach is recommended over an extendedperiod to prove reliability and robustness of the system for producing water of specified quality with a high degree of assurance.Keywords: Validation, Water purification systems, Quality attributes, Pharmaceutical manufacture facilities, Microbial and chemical analysis.
QUORUM QUENCHING POTENTIALS OF PROBIOTIC ENTEROCOCCUS DURANS LAB38 AGAINST METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS
Authors: Natesan Sivakumar , Boopathi Seenivasan , Selvakumar Gopal 
Published: April 2017

Objective: he focus of this study was to explore the nuance strategy to combat the virulence factors of the pathogens by probiotic Enterococcus durans LAB38Methods: Probiotic attributes was determined by bile salt tolerance (0.5%) and Artemia gnotobiotic assay. Quorum sensing (QS) inhibitory activity of the supernatant and ethyl acetate (EA) extract of LAB38 was evaluated by using the indicator strains, includes Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 (mini-Tn5 mutant of ATCC 31532), methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA). Reporter strains, Vibrio harveyi BB170 (luxN mutant), BB886 (luxP mutant) and Escherichia coli pSB401 (pACYC184- derived) were used for bioluminescence-based target specificity analysis. GC-MS analysis of EA extract was performed using standard protocol. Results: LAB38 has shown bile salt tolerance and positive probiotic effect towards Artemia salina. In addition, 100 µg/ml EA extract has significantly reduced the violacein production (37 ± 1.4%) in CV026, biofilm formation in MRSA (94 ± 0.9 %) and PA (22 ± 0.08%). Further, 200 µg/ml of EA extract has shown inhibition against both autoinducer-1 and autoinducer-2 mediated QS system. Bioluminescence inhibition is directly proportional to the time of exposure. GC-MS result revealed that bromine, sulphur containing molecule and azulene derivative were found in the EA extract.Conclusion This is the first report on probiotic Enterococcus durans for quorum quenching activity. Hence, the bacterium could be used for future therapeutics application. Keywords: Autoinducer, Biofilm, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Quorum quenching, Probiotics, CV026.
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POTENTIAL PROBIOTIC YEASTS FROM DIFFERENT SOURCES
Authors: Das Nilanjana , Ragavan Mangala Lakshmi 
Published: April 2017

objective The main objective of the present study is to isolate yeasts from different environmental sources to investigate their potential probiotic characteristics.Methods Appropriate in vitro assays has been conducted to examine their probiotic potentiality, such as acid and bile salt tolerance, temperature resistance, stimulated GIT tolerance, cell adhesion and cholesterol removal. All the yeast isolates were tested under in vitro conditions.Results In the present study, 20 yeast species have been isolated from different sources, screened and their desirable probiotic properties viz. pH tolerance, bile salt tolerance and thermo-tolerance have been evaluated. Screened yeast isolates treated with gastric juices showed increased survival rate above 60%. A further in vitro study investigates cholesterol removal and it showed increased cholesterol removal rate up to 92%. Exopolysaccharide production was estimated for selected yeast isolates and applications are under investigation.Conclusion Among 20 yeast isolates, 5 isolates showed increased growth under stress tolerance. It can be concluded that the screened yeast isolates LM, MR, GOI, GII2 and WI can serve as promising probiotics in various fields of food industry.Key words: Acid tolerance; bile tolerance, cholesterol removal, probiotics, yeast.
QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND FREE RADICAL SCAVENGING ACTIVITIES OF CRUCIFERAE VEGETABLES
Authors: S Jamuna K , K Ramesh C , Sj Aditya Rao , M Paramesha , Mahmood Riaz 
Published: April 2017

Objective: The aim of this research program is to evaluate the antioxidant potentialities comprehensively utilizing commonly available cruciferous vegetables of India, viz., cabbage, cauliflower, kohlrabi, and radish.Methods: The plant materials were procured and processed for cold extraction procedure using 70% ethanol. The extracts were primarily assessedfor their phytoconstituents and further for their in vitro antioxidant activity using various qualitative and quantitative estimations. The results of quantitative estimations were expressed in terms of equivalence with respective standards, and the antioxidant potentiality of various scavenging and chelating activities were expressed in terms of 50% effective concentration. Further, correlation studies were made between quantitative and qualitative assays to study the relationship between the effects of different phytoconstituents groups.Results: In this study, the results revealed that all the four cruciferous vegetable extracts possess potential antioxidant activities. Among the extractsunder study kohlrabi has recorded superior antioxidant potential than others. It is clear from the study that the tested cruciferous vegetablesmanifested differential expression of antioxidant capacity due to their phytoconstituents.Conclusion: From the results, it can be concluded that the Cruciferae vegetables have potent antioxidant activity contributing to the use for healthbenefits in addition to their nutritive role as vegetable.Keywords: Cruciferae vegetables, Phytochemicals, In vitro antioxidant activity, Correlation.
El conocimiento objetivo como base para la educación según Karl R. Popper
Authors: Veloza Ivonne Patricia Piñeros 
Published: April 2017

El libro con el título Conocimiento objetivo, fue publicado en 1972. En este,Popper recogió una serie de artículos donde aborda la teoría del conocimiento.Desde estos, es posible reconstruir las bases para lograr una educación crítica. El presente texto, se orienta a identificar elementos conceptuales que se relacionan con el aumento del conocimiento a partir del método del planteamiento y solución de problemas, el papel del lenguaje, el sentido de la libertad, el desarrollo del espíritu crítico y las implicaciones que estos tienenpara la vida política. Lo anterior se relaciona con el proceso educativo, a fin deque los estudiantes puedan aproximarse a la verdad, apropiarse de su entorno,y plantear, cada vez más, óptimas soluciones para enfrentar los obstáculos desu diario vivir y favorecer así, el mejoramiento de la sociedad.
Tiempo y constitución de sentido
Authors: Acosta Pedro Gerardo 
Published: April 2017

El presente artículo se propone hacer una reflexión sobre nuestra conciencia de tiempo en el marco de la fenomenología de Edmund Husserl. Se pretende poner de relieve el papel fundamental de la constitución de sentido como fundamento y desarrollo de la intencionalidad en curso, una figura de la fenomenología de Husserl que hace posible reflexionar sobre el origen del sentido. La intencionalidad como propiedad de la conciencia, hace de cada vivencia presente una conciencia que se despliega en el tiempo inmanente logrando una apertura al mundo de los fenómenos como un mundo constituido en el flujo y corriente de nuestro vivenciar mismo. El tiempo inmanente en el cual las cosas atendidas en el presente viviente se despliegan inevitablemente hacia su pasado inmediato de retenciones y posteriormente de rememoraciones constituye y posibilita no solo el sentido de cada presente, sino del pasado como memoria y del futuro como expectativa. Para desarrollar esta reflexión el artículo se apoya en los textos de las Lecciones de fenomenología de la conciencia interna del tiempo (Husserl, 2002). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.22518/16578953.151