bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dysregulated JAK2 expression by TrkC promotes metastasis potential, and EMT program of metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Kim Min Soo , Jeong Joon , Seo Jeongbeob , Kim Hae-Suk , Kim Seong-Jin , Jin Wook 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMetastatic breast cancers are aggressive tumors associated with high levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, activation of IL6/JAK2/STAT3 and PI3K/AKT pathways for cell growth, mobility, invasion, metastasis, and CSC status. We identified a new molecular and functional network present in metastasis that regulates and coordinates with TrkC. Inhibition of SOCS3-mediated JAK2 degradation by TrkC increases total JAK2/STAT3 expression, and then leads to upregulation of Twist-1 through activation of JAK2/STAT3 cascade. Also, TrkC increases secretion and expression of IL-6, suggesting that this autocrine loop generated by TrkC maintains the mesenchymal state by continued activation of the JAK2/STAT3 cascade and upregulation of Twist expression. Moreover, TrkC interacts with the c-Src/Jak2 complex, which increases Twist-1 and Twist-2 levels via regulation of JAK2/STAT3 activation and JAK2/STAT3 expression. Furthermore, TrkC enhances metastatic potential of breast cancer via induction of EMT by upregulating Twist-1 and Twist-2. Additionally, TrkC significantly enhances the ability of breast cancer cells to form pulmonary metastases and primary tumor formation. Unexpectedly, we found that TrkC expression and clinical breast tumor pathological phenotypes show significant correlation. These findings suggest that TrkC plays a central role in tumorigenicity, metastasis, and self-renewal traits of metastatic breast cancer.
Comparing nodal versus bony metastatic spread using tumour phylogenies
Authors: Mangiola Stefano , Hong Matthew K. H. , Cmero Marek , Kurganovs Natalie , Ryan Andrew , Costello Anthony J. , Corcoran Niall M. , Macintyre Geoff , Hovens Christopher M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe role of lymph node metastases in distant prostate cancer dissemination and lethality is ill defined. Patients with metastases restricted to lymph nodes have a better prognosis than those with distant metastatic spread, suggesting the possibility of distinct aetiologies. To explore this, we traced patterns of cancer dissemination using tumour phylogenies inferred from genome-wide copy-number profiling of 48 samples across 3 patients with lymph node metastatic disease and 3 patients with osseous metastatic disease. Our results show that metastatic cells in regional lymph nodes originate from evolutionary advanced extraprostatic tumour cells rather than less advanced central tumour cell populations. In contrast, osseous metastases do not exhibit such a constrained developmental lineage, arising from either intra or extraprostatic tumour cell populations, at early and late stages in the evolution of the primary. Collectively, this comparison suggests that lymph node metastases may not be an intermediate developmental step for distant osseous metastases, but rather represent a distinct metastatic lineage.
SmedOB1 is Required for Planarian Homeostasis and Regeneration
Authors: Yin Shanshan , Huang Yan , Zhangfang Yingnan , Zhong Xiaoqin , Li Pengqing , Huang Junjiu , Liu Dan , Songyang Zhou 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe planarian flatworm is an emerging model that is useful for studying homeostasis and regeneration due to its unique adult stem cells (ASCs). Previously, planaria were found to share mammalian TTAGGG chromosome ends and telomerases; however, their telomere protection proteins have not yet been identified. In Schmidtea mediterranea, we identified a homologue of the human protection of telomeres 1 (POT1) with an OB-fold (SmedOB1). SmedOB1 is evolutionarily conserved among species and is ubiquitously expressed throughout the whole body. Feeding with SmedOB1 double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) led to homeostasis abnormalities in the head and pharynx. Furthermore, several ASC progeny markers were downregulated and regeneration was impaired. Here we found that SmedOB1 is required for telomeric DNA-protein complex formation and it associates with the telomere TTAGGG sequence in vitro. Moreover, DNA damage and apoptosis signals in planarian were significantly affected by SmedOB1 RNAi. We also confirmed these phenotypes in Dugesia japonica, another flatworm species. Our work identified a novel telomere-associated protein SmedOB1 in planarian, which is required for planarian homeostasis and regeneration. The phylogenetic and functional conservations of SmedOB1 provide one mechanism by which planarians maintain telomere and genome stability to ensure their immortality and shed light on the regeneration medicine of humans.
The origin of neutron biological effectiveness as a function of energy
Authors: Baiocco G. , Barbieri S. , Babini G. , Morini J. , Alloni D. , Friedland W. , Kundrát P. , Schmitt E. , Puchalska M. , Sihver L. , Ottolenghi A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe understanding of the impact of radiation quality in early and late responses of biological targets to ionizing radiation exposure necessarily grounds on the results of mechanistic studies starting from physical interactions. This is particularly true when, already at the physical stage, the radiation field is mixed, as it is the case for neutron exposure. Neutron Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) is energy dependent, maximal for energies ~1 MeV, varying significantly among different experiments. The aim of this work is to shed light on neutron biological effectiveness as a function of field characteristics, with a comprehensive modeling approach: this brings together transport calculations of neutrons through matter (with the code PHITS) and the predictive power of the biophysical track structure code PARTRAC in terms of DNA damage evaluation. Two different energy dependent neutron RBE models are proposed: the first is phenomenological and based only on the characterization of linear energy transfer on a microscopic scale; the second is purely ab-initio and based on the induction of complex DNA damage. Results for the two models are compared and found in good qualitative agreement with current standards for radiation protection factors, which are agreed upon on the basis of RBE data.
Cucurbitacin E inhibits osteosarcoma cells proliferation and invasion through attenuation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway
Authors: Wang Ying , Xu Shumei , Wu Yaochi , Zhang Junfeng 
Published: September 2016

Cucurbitacin E (CuE), a potent member of triterpenoid family isolated from plants, has been confirmed as an antitumour agent by inhibiting proliferation, migration and metastasis in diverse cancer. However, the effects and mechanisms of CuE on osteosarcoma (OS) have not been well understood. The present study aimed to test whether CuE could inhibit growth and invasion of OS cells and reveal its underlying molecular mechanism. After various concentrations of CuE treatment, the anti-proliferative effect of CuE was assessed using the cell counting Kit-8 assay. Flow cytometry analysis was employed to measure apoptosis of OS cells. Cell cycle distribution was analysed by propidium iodide staining. Transwell assay was performed to evaluate the effect of CuE on invasion potential of OS cells. The protein levels were measured by western blot. In addition, the potency of CuE on OS cells growth inhibition was assessed in vivo. Our results showed that CuE inhibited cell growth and invasion, induced a cell cycle arrest and triggered apoptosis and modulated the expression of cell growth, cell cycle and cell apoptosis regulators. Moreover, CuE inhibited the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), which suppressed the invasion and metastasis of OS. In addition, we also found that CuE inhibited OS cell growth in vivo. Taken together, our study demonstrated that CuE could inhibit OS tumour growth and invasion through inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signalling pathway. Our findings suggest that CuE can be considered to be a promising anti-cancer agent for OS.
Hepatic glucose utilization in hepatic steatosis and obesity
Authors: Keramida Georgia , Hunter James , Peters Adrien Michael 
Published: September 2016

Hepatic steatosis is associated with obesity and insulin resistance. Whether hepatic glucose utilization rate (glucose phosphorylation rate; MRglu) is increased in steatosis and/or obesity is uncertain. Our aim was to determine the separate relationships of steatosis and obesity with MRglu. Sixty patients referred for routine PET/CT had dynamic PET imaging over the abdomen for 30 min post-injection of F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG), followed by Patlak–Rutland graphical analysis of the liver using abdominal aorta for arterial input signal. The plot gradient was divided by the intercept to give hepatic FDG clearance normalized to hepatic FDG distribution volume (ml/min per 100 ml) and multiplied by blood glucose to give hepatic MRglu (μmol/min per 100 ml). Hepatic steatosis was defined as CT density of ≤40 HU measured from the 60 min whole body routine PET/CT and obesity as body mass index of ≥30 kg/m2. Hepatic MRglu was higher in patients with steatosis (3.3±1.3 μmol/min per 100 ml) than those without (1.7±1.2 μmol/min per 100 ml; P&lt;0.001) but there was no significant difference between obese (2.5±1.6 μmol/min per 100 ml) and non-obese patients (2.1±1.3 μmol/min per 100 ml). MRglu was increased in obese patients only if they had steatosis. Non-obese patients with steatosis still had increased MRglu. There was no association between MRglu and chemotherapy history. We conclude that MRglu is increased in hepatic steatosis probably through insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and up-regulation of hepatic hexokinase, irrespective of obesity.
Targeting PSG1 to enhance chemotherapeutic efficacy: new application for anti-coagulant the dicumarol
Authors: He Dong-xu , Gu Feng , Wu Jian , Gu Xiao-Ting , Lu Chun-Xiao , Mao Ai-qin , Zhang Guang-yuan , Ding Zhong-yang , Wang Jin-ke , Hao Jun-jun , Fu Li , Ma Xin 
Published: September 2016

Chemotherapeutic response is critical for the successful treatment and good prognosis in cancer patients. In this study, we analysed the gene expression profiles of preoperative samples from oestrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancer patients with different responses to taxane-anthracycline-based (TA-based) chemotherapy, and identified a group of genes that was predictive. Pregnancy specific beta-1-glycoprotein 1 (PSG1) played a central role within signalling pathways of these genes. Inhibiting PSG1 can effectively reduce chemoresistance via a transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-related pathway in ER-negative breast cancer cells. Drug screening then identified dicumarol (DCM) to target the PSG1 and inhibit chemoresistance to TA-based chemotherapy in vitro, in vivo, and in clinical samples. Taken together, this study highlights PSG1 as an important mediator of chemoresistance, whose effect could be diminished by DCM.
Frequency regulation control strategy for PMSG wind‐power generation system with flywheel energy storage unit
Authors: Yao Jun , Yu Mengting , Gao Wenzhong , Zeng Xin 
Published: September 2016

To enhance the frequency regulation capability of direct‐drive permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG)‐based wind‐power generation system, the frequency regulation control strategy for wind‐power system with flywheel energy storage unit (FESU) based on fuzzy proportional plus differential (PD) controller is proposed in this study. According to the mathematical model of PMSG‐based wind‐power generation system with FESU, the small‐signal model of the whole system is deduced in detail. In addition, the eigenvalue loci of the system are investigated to obtain the appropriate ranges of FESU's PD controller parameters for ensuring the system stable operation. Meanwhile, the impact of system equivalent inertia and damping on system frequency stability is analysed. Furthermore, a fuzzy PD controller of FESU is designed to dynamically regulate the system equivalent inertia and damping, leading to improved grid frequency characteristics. Finally, simulation studies on a 2 MW PMSG‐based wind‐power generation system with 400 kW FESU verify the validity of the proposed control strategy, contributing to enhance the frequency stability of power grid.
Genomic analysis of Bacillus subtilis lytic bacteriophage ϕNIT1 capable of obstructing natto fermentation carrying genes for the capsule-lytic soluble enzymes poly-γ-glutamate hydrolase and levanase
Authors: Ozaki Tatsuro , Abe Naoki , Kimura Keitarou , Suzuki Atsuto , Kaneko Jun 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Bacillus subtilis strains including the fermented soybean (natto) starter produce capsular polymers consisting of poly-γ-glutamate and levan. Capsular polymers may protect the cells from phage infection. However, bacteriophage ϕNIT1 carries a γ-PGA hydrolase gene (pghP) that help it to counteract the host cell’s protection strategy. ϕNIT had a linear double stranded DNA genome of 155,631-bp with a terminal redundancy of 5,103-bp, containing a gene encoding an active levan hydrolase. These capsule-lytic enzyme genes were located in the possible foreign gene cluster regions between central core and terminal redundant regions, and were expressed at the late phase of the phage lytic cycle. All tested natto origin Spounavirinae phages carried both genes for capsule degrading enzymes similar to ϕNIT1. A comparative genomic analysis revealed the diversity among ϕNIT1 and Bacillus phages carrying pghP-like and levan-hydrolase genes, and provides novel understanding on the acquisition mechanism of these enzymatic genes.
Sufficient intake of high amylose cornstarch maintains high colonic hydrogen production for 24 h in rats
Authors: Nishimura Naomichi , Tanabe Hiroki , Yamamoto Tatsuro 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Colonic hydrogen (H2) can suppress oxidative stress and damage in the body. We examined the minimum requirement of high amylose cornstarch (HAS) to maintain high colonic H2 production for 24 h. Ileorectostomized and sham-operated rats were fed a control diet supplemented with or without 20% HAS for 7 days. Colonic starch utilization was determined. Next, rats were fed the control diet with or without 10% or 20% HAS for 14 or 28 days, respectively. Breath and flatus H2 excretion for 24 h was measured. 1.04 g of resistant fraction in HAS was utilized for 24 h by colonic bacteria. High H2 excretion was not maintained for 24 h in rats fed the 10% HAS diet, from which only 0.89 g of resistant starch was estimated to be delivered. High colonic H2 production for 24 h would be maintained by delivering more HAS to the large intestine than is utilized.
Is There a Late Style in Schubert’s Oeuvre?
Authors: Hinrichsen Hans-Joachim 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Franz Schubert died young, and therefore for him the witticism that all of his are ‘early works’ is an appropriate one. Still, can one really subject Schubert’s last works to the aesthetic discussion of late style? The last works of mature composers such as Bach, Haydn, Beethoven or Schoenberg evince a definable late style solely on chronological grounds, and whether that can be transferred to Schubert is uncertain. Nonetheless there is in Schubert’s work around 1824 a leap in quality, which has led to those features in style which, in the course of music history, have had a growing influence on composers, interpreters and recipients. They will be pursued in depth in the proposed essay, because more important than the question of the adequate naming of this formative style is the recognition that the instrumental and vocal works composed from 1824 onwards represent a turning point which, alongside Beethoven’s late style, belongs to the most historically powerful, compositionally paradigmatic changes of the nineteenth century.
Contextual Processes in Schubert’s Late Sacred Music
Authors: Sobaskie James William 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The late sacred music of Franz Schubert offers insight into the composer’s spirituality. Simple yet subtle contextual processes animate the Schlussgesang and ‘Das Gebet des Herrn’ of Schubert’s Deutsche Messe, directing attention towards quietly foretold goals. A different quest unfolds within Schubert’s Hymnus an den heiligen Geist, where no fewer than eight keys allude to the achievement and confirmation of a most distant one. The Sanctus and Agnus Dei of Schubert’s sublime Mass in E ♭, as well as his last two sacred essays, the Tantum ergo and Offertorium: Intende voci , uniquely portray processes of transformation via gradual metamorphoses of striking harmonic events heard at the outset of each work which communicate impressions of transfiguration and reconciliation. Written during an extraordinarily productive period when Schubert’s health may have prompted meditation on his own mortality, the contextual processes of these sacred compositions suggest that the composer may have contemplated transcendence and redemption as he faced what inevitably would come.
Elusive Intimacy in Schubert’s Final Opera, Der Graf von Gleichen
Authors: Feurzeig Lisa 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Even in his years of illness, Schubert did not avoid texts concerned with sexual intimacy. Some particularly powerful examples, such as the Rellstab ‘Ständchen’ and ‘Heimliches Lieben’, date from this period—yet those songs, despite their deeply sexual content, portray yearning more than actuality. Der Graf von Gleichen, Schubert’s last opera, moves toward a bold experiment in intimacy—a three-way marriage—but does not quite arrive at it. Schubert did not compose the final scene, which in any case was written to be ceremonial and public, leaving us outside the private quarters where the marriage must take its full shape. Does absence make the heart grow fonder? Is imagined intimacy even more special than the reality? Schubert circles around these questions in his late music, portraying deep passions even as he tantalisingly raises the parasol to shield every kiss.
Beginnings: to 1861
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter explores the cultural background from which the idea of a comprehensive historical dictionary emerged as a new concept in the lexicography of English during the nineteenth century, leading to the decision by the Philological Society of London to collect materials for a ‘New English Dictionary’. It describes the roles played in this process by various key individuals, including Frederick Furnivall, Herbert Coleridge, and Richard Chenevix Trench, and follows the fortunes of the project from the earliest activities of the Society's ‘Unregistered Words Committee’ down to the death of Coleridge in 1861. It also assesses the lexicographical work left unfinished by Coleridge at his death.
Furnivall’s Dictionary: 1861–1875
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter follows the work done on the ‘New English Dictionary’ under the editorship of Frederick Furnivall following the death of Herbert Coleridge, including the conception of a ‘concise’ version of the Dictionary and the idea of getting volunteer ‘sub-editors’ to undertake preliminary compilation of separate portions of the Dictionary (among whom was Henry Hucks Gibbs, who would go on to play an important part in the Dictionary’s history); it describes the stagnation of the project in the 1870s and the issuing of the ‘Appeal to the English-Speaking Public’ in 1875 by George Wheelwright which marked the end of this period of stagnation.
Storm and stress: 1888–1897
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes the progress of the OED (as it was by now beginning to be called) through the difficult years 1888–97, during which the lexicographers and the Dictionary’s publishers came into serious conflict, notably during two crises in 1893 and 1896, the main point of contention being the scale of expansion of the text of the Dictionary as compared with that of Webster’s Dictionary of 1864; it reassesses the role of Philip Lyttelton Gell, and the Delegates of the Press, in these crises. The developing contribution of Henry Bradley as the Dictionary’s second Editor, initially in London and later in Oxford, is described. The move towards more frequent publication of shorter sections of the Dictionary, the challenges posed by other dictionaries, and the appointments of Charles Onions and William Craigie to the staff are also noted.
After twilight: 1915–1923
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes the progress of the OED down to the death of Henry Bradley in 1923. It describes the reorganization of the staff following Murray’s death, the loss of personnel to the war effort and the effect of this on progress, and the increasing struggles of William Craigie and his assistants to deal with the unanticipated challenges posed by words beginning with un- (for which an enormous quantity of evidence had accumulated). Craigie’s increasing dissatisfaction with his work, and his promotion of the idea of compiling a series of ‘period dictionaries’ (covering the English of particular periods in greater detail than the OED), are also explored, as is the evolution of ideas about the possible form of a Supplement to the Dictionary.
Learning to swim (again): 1957–1972
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes the first decade and a half of work on the revised Supplement to the OED, leading up to the publication of its first volume in 1972. Robert Burchfield, as its Editor, oversaw the re-establishment of a team of lexicographers of English in Oxford, the setting up of a reading programme to collect quotation evidence for the new Supplement, and the development of editorial policy effectively from scratch. During this period work on other, non-historical dictionaries of English became consolidated in Oxford, with Burchfield in overall charge of the ‘Oxford Dictionaries’; the development of this lexicographical unit, and the dictionaries which emerged from it, are also considered.
Second Supplement to Second Edition: 1972–1989
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes the progress of the OED project through the remaining years of the preparation of the revised Supplement and the conception and implementation of the idea of converting the Dictionary into electronic form, as a preliminary step to its revision, with the publication of the second edition of the Dictionary (OED2) in 1989 as an important by-product. During this period Oxford Dictionaries came to carry out an ever-increasing range of lexicographical activities, and Robert Burchfield’s staff—and the Supplement being compiled by him and his colleagues—continued to expand. The development of the ‘New OED’ project, as initially conceived by Richard Charkin, is traced, leading to the digitization of the OED and Supplement and the creation from this raw material of OED2, under the joint editorship of Edmund Weiner and John Simpson. Another pioneering technological venture described here is the publication of the Dictionary on CD-ROM.
Towards OED3: 1989–
Authors: Gilliver Peter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This chapter describes the progress of the OED project since the publication of OED2, down to the retirement of John Simpson as Chief Editor in 2013. The 1990s saw the publication of three OED Additions volumes, containing entries for new words, and the development of editorial policy and plans for the next phase of work on the Dictionary, namely the revision of its entire text. Work on revision began in 1994 and has continued ever since; the work has, however, had to be replanned several times in the light of various developments, most significantly the emergence of the World Wide Web as a medium that made it possible for revised portions of the Dictionary to be published online on a regular basis. Online publication of OED3 began in 2000; the chapter concludes with a brief survey of significant events since then.