bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4solar cells fabricated through a low‐cost solution process and a two‐step heat treatment
Authors: Wu Shih‐Hsiung , Chang Chia‐Wen , Chen Hui‐Ju , Shih Chuan‐Feng , Wang Yu‐Yun , Li Chou‐Cheng , Chan Sheng‐Wen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA method for fabricating high‐efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe) solar cells is presented, and it is based on a non‐explosive, low‐cost, and simple solution process followed by a two‐step heat treatment. 2‐Methoxyethanol was used as a solvent, and Cu, Zn, Sn, chloride salts, and thiourea were used as solutes. A CZTSSe absorber was prepared by sulfurising and then selenising an as‐coated Cu2ZnSnS4(CZTS) film. Sulfurisation in a sulfur vapour filled furnace for a long time (2 h) enhanced the crystallisation of the as‐coated CZTS film and improved the stability of the CZTS precursor, and selenisation promoted further grain growth to yield a void‐free CZTSSe film. Segregation of Cu and S at the grain boundaries, the absence of a fine‐grain bottom layer, and the large grain size of the CZTSSe absorber were the main factors that enhanced the grain‐to‐grain transport of carriers and consequently the short‐circuit current (Jsc) and efficiency. The efficiency of the CZTS solar cell was 5.0%, which increased to 10.1% after selenisation. For the 10.1% CZTSSe solar cell, the external quantum efficiency was approximately 80%, the open‐circuit voltage was 450 mV, the short‐circuit current was 36.5 mA/cm2, and the fill factor was 61.9%. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of the halogen and organometallic function in a KCTP (Co)polymerization
Authors: Hardeman Tine , De Becker Jasmine , Koeckelberghs Guy 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe effect of changing the halogen and the organometallic function in a Kumada Catalyst Transfer Polycondensation (KCTP) of poly(3‐alkylthiophene)s (P3AT) is investigated. On the one hand, the bromine substituent is replaced with chlorine in the commonly used 2‐bromo‐5‐chloromagnesio‐3‐hexylthiophene. The effect on the homopolymerization is clear, since the stickiness decreases remarkably, but copolymerizations are hardly affected when a chlorinated monomer is used. Second, the option of changing the organometallic function is considered. Because also organozinc compounds provide a controlled P3AT polymerization with Ni(dppp)Cl2, but are less reactive than organomagnesium compounds, the effect of using zinc in one monomer during a copolymerization is investigated. However, it is found that the organometallic functions exchange during mixing of the monomers. Consequently, no effect is observed during copolymerizations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3701–3706
Differential protein abundance in promastigotes of nitric oxide‐sensitive and resistant Leishmania chagasi strains
Authors: Alcolea Pedro J. , Tuñón Gabriel I. L. , Alonso Ana , García‐Tabares Francisco , Ciordia Sergio , Mena María C. , Campos Roseane N. S. , Almeida Roque P. , Larraga Vicente 
Published: September 2016

PurposeLeishmania chagasi is the causative agent of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil. Domestic and stray dogs are the main reservoirs. The life cycle of the parasite involves two stages. Promastigotes are extracellular and develop within the sand fly gut. Amastigotes survive inside the harsh environment of the phagolysosome of mammalian host phagocytes, which display the nitric oxide defense mechanism. Surprisingly, we were able to isolate promastigotes that are also resistant to NO. This finding may be explained by the preadaptative hypothesis. An insight into the proteome of NO‐sensitive and resistant promastigotes is presented herein.Experimental designTotal protein extracts were prepared from promastigote cultures of an NO‐sensitive and a resistant strain at early‐logarithmic, mid‐logarithmic and stationary phase. A population enriched in metacyclic promastigotes was also isolated by Percoll gradient centrifugation. In vitro infectivity of both strains was compared. Differential protein abundance was analyzed by 2DE‐MALDI‐TOF/TOF. The most striking results were tested at the mRNA level by qRT‐PCR. Three biological replicates were performed in all cases.ResultsNO‐resistant L. chagasi promastigotes are more infective than NO‐sensitive ones. Among the differentially abundant spots, 40 proteins could be successfully identified in the sensitive strain and 38 in resistant promastigotes.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThe increase of G6PD and the decrease of ARG and GPX transcripts and proteins contribute to NO resistance in L. chagasi promastigotes. These proteins may be studied as potential drug targets and/or vaccine candidates in the future.
Spatially arranged chains of Ge quantum dots grown on Si substrate prepatterned by ion‐beam‐assisted nanoimprint lithography
Authors: Dvurechenskii Anatoly , Smagina Zhanna , Novikov Pavel , Zinovyev Vladimir , Kuchinskaya Polina , Rudin Sergey , Nenashev Alexey 
Published: September 2016

AbstractJoint experimental and theoretical study of Ge nanoislands growth on groove‐patterned Si(001) substrate prepared by ion‐beam‐assisted nanoimprint lithography is carried out. Prepatterning procedure includes ion irradiation of Si substrate through imprinted resist mask with linear mounds and subsequent multistep oxidation/etching of irradiated Si domains. It is shown that the temperature of subsequent heteroepitaxy on the groovepatterned substrate affects the location of Ge nanoislands. The effect is attributed to additional surface tensile strain formed inside grooves by residual irradiationinduced defects. The interplay of strain and surface curvature makes the critical size of 3D nanoisland larger at the concave regions in grooves than between them. At lower temperatures this results in nanoisland nucleation at the top of mounds. At higher temperatures due to the intensive migration of Ge inside grooves the formation of large nanoislands in grooves occurs. The effect of temperature on the location and size of nanoislands is described by Monte Carlo simulations. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of holding time on the size distribution of β‐Si3N4 particles and nucleation undercooling in multicrystalline silicon
Authors: Undheim Espen , Ekstrøm Kai Erik , Arnberg Lars , Holmestad Randi , Di Sabatino Marisa 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe nucleation mechanism for directional solidification of multicrystalline silicon (mc‐Si) in silicon nitride (Si3N4) coated crucibles has been investigated. A combination of thermal and particle size analysis was used to show that the nucleation undercooling was inversely proportional to the particles size. The particle size was increased by keeping the silicon melted for increasing time periods and the growing particles were identified as β‐Si3N4. The results from the particle analysis were verified by topographical studies using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). These results indicate that β‐Si3N4 particles are the dominant nucleation substrates for mc‐Si in Si3N4 coated crucibles. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nanodiamonds and gold nanoparticles: a promising couple for CRM‐free photonics
Authors: Reina Giacomo , Orlanducci Silvia , Tamburri Emanuela , Matassa Roberto , Rossi Marco , Terranova Maria Letizia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe design and assembling of hybrid nanomaterials formed by the controlled aggregation of nanodiamonds (DND) and gold nanoparticles (AuNP) are presently a focus of the scientific community. The AuNP@DND systems are characterized by very attractive properties and by great potentialities for applications in optics and photonics. We present a review of some interesting AuNP@DND systems produced in our labs using synthetic routes that enable to control the mutual organization and the crystalline features of the two components. The functional tests suggest that the cooperative interaction between gold and nanodiamond produce materials that represents an innovative concept for efficient, stable and biocompatible light‐related applications. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Security in automotive telematics: a survey of threats and risk mitigation strategies to counter the existing and emerging attack vectors
Authors: Oyler Alex , Saiedian Hossein 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis manuscript surveys a variety of topics related to the security of connected vehicles and their associated services, often referred to as telematics. Current challenges as well as emerging and future security risks are discussed. A number of specific technologies and implementations are discussed, such as Next Generation Telematics Patterns, KeeLoq, vehicular ad hoc networks, and controller area network. Principles and practices are outlined to counter or minimize risks associated with the existing and potential attack vectors as well as reducing risks both on the internal vehicle network and the telematics service delivery platforms. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure payment system for multimedia on demand on mobile VANET clouds
Authors: Chen Chin‐Ling , Lin Yu‐Fan , Castiglione Aniello , Palmieri Francesco 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe more recent advances in network communication and cloud computing technologies have the potential of significantly improving traveling experience by providing value‐added services, such as multimedia on demand (MoD), in vehicular ad hoc networks, where the involved vehicles are provided with enough communication, storage, and computing capabilities. In this scenario, despite many consolidated mobile cloud solutions and pay‐per‐view systems have been developed and widely deployed in public transportation, the security and privacy of mobile users, mainly concerning the association between users' identities and requested multimedia contents, still presents several open challenges. Mainly, providing pay‐per‐view services in vehicular clouds while protecting the passenger's anonymity and simultaneously ensuring the robustness of the payment system has become an important issue.Accordingly, we present a novel smart card‐based MoD payment solution, to be used in mobile cloud‐empowered public transportation systems, that not only guarantees the passenger's anonymity but also uses a personal trusted device to protect the passenger's sensitive information so that he can enjoy the multimedia contents during the long hours of travel. In the future, such scheme can become common practice on MoD‐related equipment in vehicular ad hoc networks, thereby enhancing the competitiveness of public transport companies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blood type biochemistry and human disease
Authors: Ewald D. Rose , Sumner Susan C.J. 
Published: September 2016

Associations between blood type and disease have been studied since the early 1900s when researchers determined that antibodies and antigens are inherited. In the 1950s, the chemical identification of the carbohydrate structure of surface antigens led to the understanding of biosynthetic pathways. The blood type is defined by oligosaccharide structures, which are specific to the antigens, thus, blood group antigens are secondary gene products, while the primary gene products are various glycosyltransferase enzymes that attach the sugar molecules to the oligosaccharide chain. Blood group antigens are found on red blood cells, platelets, leukocytes, plasma proteins, certain tissues, and various cell surface enzymes, and also exist in soluble form in body secretions such as breast milk, seminal fluid, saliva, sweat, gastric secretions, urine, and amniotic fluid. Recent advances in technology, biochemistry, and genetics have clarified the functional classifications of human blood group antigens, the structure of the A, B, H, and Lewis determinants and the enzymes that produce them, and the association of blood group antigens with disease risks. Further research to identify differences in the biochemical composition of blood group antigens, and the relationship to risks for disease, can be important for the identification of targets for the development of nutritional intervention strategies, or the identification of druggable targets. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2016, 8:517–535. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1355This article is categorized under:

Translational, Genomic, and Systems Medicine > Diagnostic Methods
Projections of climate change impacts on central America tropical rainforest
Authors: Lyra André , Imbach Pablo , Rodriguez Daniel , Chou Sin Chan , Georgiou Selena , Garofolo Lucas 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Tropical rainforest plays an important role in the global carbon cycle, accounting for a large part of global net primary productivity and contributing to CO2 sequestration. The objective of this work is to simulate potential changes in the rainforest biome in Central America subject to anthropogenic climate change under two emissions scenarios, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The use of a dynamic vegetation model and climate change scenarios is an approach to investigate, assess or anticipate how biomes respond to climate change. In this work, the Inland dynamic vegetation model was driven by the Eta regional climate model simulations. These simulations accept boundary conditions from HadGEM2-ES runs in the two emissions scenarios. The possible consequences of regional climate change on vegetation properties, such as biomass, net primary production and changes in forest extent and distribution, were investigated. The Inland model projections show reductions in tropical forest cover in both scenarios. The reduction of tropical forest cover is greater in RCP8.5. The Inland model projects biomass increases where tropical forest remains due to the CO2 fertilization effect. The future distribution of predominant vegetation shows that some areas of tropical rainforest in Central America are replaced by savannah and grassland in RCP4.5. Inland projections under both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 show a net primary productivity reduction trend due to significant tropical forest reduction, temperature increase, precipitation reduction and dry spell increments, despite the biomass increases in some areas of Costa Rica and Panama. This study may provide guidance to adaptation studies of climate change impacts on the tropical rainforests in Central America.
Cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression: Links to racial‐ethnic discrimination and adjustment among Latino/a and Asian‐heritage college students
Authors: Juang Linda P. , Moffitt Ursula , Kim Su Yeong , Lee Richard M. , Soto José Angel , Hurley Eric , Weisskirch Robert S. , Blozis Shelley A. , Castillo Linda G. , Huynh Que‐Lam , Whitbourne Susan Krauss 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe examined whether two key emotion regulation strategies, cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression, moderated the relations between discrimination (i.e., foreigner objectification and general denigration) and adjustment.MethodsParticipants were U.S. Latino/a and Asian‐heritage college students (N = 1,279, 67% female, 72% U.S. born) from the Multi‐Site University Study of Identity and Culture (MUSIC). Students completed online self‐report surveys in 2009.ResultsMulti‐group path analysis demonstrated that a fully constrained model fit well for both Latino/a and Asian‐heritage student data. The results showed that with increasing levels of denigration (but not foreigner objectification), the combination of lower cognitive reappraisal and higher expressive suppression was related to greater depressive symptoms, anxiety, and aggression.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of examining multiple emotion regulation strategies simultaneously—considering what strategies are available to individuals and in what combination they are used—to understand how best to deal with negative emotions resulting from experiencing discrimination.
Brief report: Suicidal ideation in adolescent girls: Impact of race
Authors: LaVome Robinson W. , Droege Jocelyn R. , Hipwell Alison E. , Stepp Stephanie D. , Keenan Kate 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTIn the present study, we examine the unique and interactive effects of race (African American or European American) and depression on suicidal ideation, controlling for poverty, within a representative sample of adolescent girls. A community sample of 2450 girls (43.9% African American) participating in the longitudinal Pittsburgh Girls Study (PGS) was interviewed annually about depression symptoms and suicidal ideation, from ages 10–15 years. Caregivers reported on the girls' racial/ethnic background and the family's receipt of public assistance. Race and depression scores explained unique variance in suicidal ideation; receipt of public assistance did not. Endorsement and recurrence of suicidal ideation was more likely for African American than European American girls: there was a nearly two‐fold increase in the likelihood of reporting frequent thoughts of death or suicide as a function of race. Of the 255 girls reporting recurrent suicidal ideation, 65.9% were African American. An interaction effect between race and depression symptoms was observed, such that African American girls were more likely to report suicidal ideation at lower levels of depression severity. The findings indicate that race is a critical factor for understanding, preventing, and treating suicidal ideation in girls.
Ectomycorrhizal ecology is imprinted in the genome of the dominant symbiotic fungus Cenococcum geophilum
Authors: Peter Martina , Kohler Annegret , Ohm Robin A. , Kuo Alan , Krützmann Jennifer , Morin Emmanuelle , Arend Matthias , Barry Kerrie W. , Binder Manfred , Choi Cindy , Clum Alicia , Copeland Alex , Grisel Nadine , Haridas Sajeet , Kipfer Tabea , LaButti Kurt , Lindquist Erika , Lipzen Anna , Maire Renaud , Meier Barbara , Mihaltcheva Sirma , Molinier Virginie , Murat Claude , Pöggeler Stefanie , Quandt C. Alisha , Sperisen Christoph , Tritt Andrew , Tisserant Emilie , Crous Pedro W. , Henrissat Bernard , Nehls Uwe , Egli Simon , Spatafora Joseph W. , Grigoriev Igor V. , Martin Francis M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe most frequently encountered symbiont on tree roots is the ascomycete Cenococcum geophilum, the only mycorrhizal species within the largest fungal class Dothideomycetes, a class known for devastating plant pathogens. Here we show that the symbiotic genomic idiosyncrasies of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes are also present in C. geophilum with symbiosis-induced, taxon-specific genes of unknown function and reduced numbers of plant cell wall-degrading enzymes. C. geophilum still holds a significant set of genes in categories known to be involved in pathogenesis and shows an increased genome size due to transposable elements proliferation. Transcript profiling revealed a striking upregulation of membrane transporters, including aquaporin water channels and sugar transporters, and mycorrhiza-induced small secreted proteins (MiSSPs) in ectomycorrhiza compared with free-living mycelium. The frequency with which this symbiont is found on tree roots and its possible role in water and nutrient transport in symbiosis calls for further studies on mechanisms of host and environmental adaptation.
Quantum spin Hall phase in 2D trigonal lattice
Authors: Wang Z. F. , Jin Kyung-Hwan , Liu Feng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe quantum spin Hall (QSH) phase is an exotic phenomena in condensed-matter physics. Here we show that a minimal basis of three orbitals (s, px, py) is required to produce a QSH phase via nearest-neighbour hopping in a two-dimensional trigonal lattice. Tight-binding model analyses and calculations show that the QSH phase arises from a spin–orbit coupling (SOC)-induced s–p band inversion or p–p bandgap opening at Brillouin zone centre (Γ point), whose topological phase diagram is mapped out in the parameter space of orbital energy and SOC. Remarkably, based on first-principles calculations, this exact model of QSH phase is shown to be realizable in an experimental system of Au/GaAs(111) surface with an SOC gap of ∼73 meV, facilitating the possible room-temperature measurement. Our results will extend the search for substrate supported QSH materials to new lattice and orbital types.
Can native clonal moso bamboo encroach on adjacent natural forest without human intervention?
Authors: Bai Shangbin , Wang Yixiang , Conant Richard T. , Zhou Guomo , Xu Yong , Wang Nan , Fang Feiyan , Chen Juan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNative species are generally thought not to encroach on adjacent natural forest without human intervention. However, the phenomenon that native moso bamboo may encroach on surrounding natural forests by itself occurred in China. To certificate this encroaching process, we employed the transition front approach to monitor the native moso bamboo population dynamics in native Chinese fir and evergreen broadleaved forest bordering moso bamboo forest in Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve during the period between 2005 and 2014. The results showed that the bamboo front moved toward the Chinese fir/evergreen broadleaved stand with the new bamboo produced yearly. Moso bamboo encroached at a rate of 1.28 m yr−1 in Chinese fir forest and 1.04 m yr−1 in evergreen broadleaved forest, and produced 533/437 new culms hm−2 yr−1 in the encroaching natural Chinese fir/evergreen broadleaved forest. Moso bamboo coverage was increasing while adjacent natural forest area decreasing continuously. These results indicate that native moso bamboo was encroaching adjacent natural forest gradually without human intervention. It should be considered to try to create a management regime that humans could selectively remove culms to decrease encroachment.
Clinically used selective estrogen receptor modulators affect different steps of macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport
Authors: Fernández-Suárez María E. , Escolà-Gil Joan C. , Pastor Oscar , Dávalos Alberto , Blanco-Vaca Francisco , Lasunción Miguel A. , Martínez-Botas Javier , Gómez-Coronado Diego 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSelective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are widely prescribed drugs that alter cellular and whole-body cholesterol homeostasis. Here we evaluate the effect of SERMs on the macrophage-specific reverse cholesterol transport (M-RCT) pathway, which is mediated by HDL. Treatment of human and mouse macrophages with tamoxifen, raloxifene or toremifene induced the accumulation of cytoplasmic vesicles of acetyl-LDL-derived free cholesterol. The SERMs impaired cholesterol efflux to apolipoprotein A-I and HDL, and lowered ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression. These effects were not altered by the antiestrogen ICI 182,780 nor were they reproduced by 17β-estradiol. The treatment of mice with tamoxifen or raloxifene accelerated HDL-cholesteryl ester catabolism, thereby reducing HDL-cholesterol concentrations in serum. When [3H]cholesterol-loaded macrophages were injected into mice intraperitoneally, tamoxifen, but not raloxifene, decreased the [3H]cholesterol levels in serum, liver and feces. Both SERMs downregulated liver ABCG5 and ABCG8 protein expression, but tamoxifen reduced the capacity of HDL and plasma to promote macrophage cholesterol efflux to a greater extent than raloxifene. We conclude that SERMs interfere with intracellular cholesterol trafficking and efflux from macrophages. Tamoxifen, but not raloxifene, impair M-RCT in vivo. This effect is primarily attributable to the tamoxifen-mediated reduction of the capacity of HDL to promote cholesterol mobilization from macrophages.