bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of intranasal vaccination with a multivalent vaccine containing temperature-sensitive modified-live bovine herpesvirus type 1 for protection of seronegative and seropositive calves against respiratory disease
Authors: Mahan Suman M. , Sobecki Brian , Johnson John , Oien Nancee L. , Meinert Todd R. , Verhelle Sarah , Mattern Sally J. , Bowersock Terry L. , Leyh Randy D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficacy and duration of immunity of the bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BHV-1) fraction of a trivalent vaccine also containing parainfluenza virus-3 and bovine respiratory syncytial virus fractions administered intranasally (IN) for protection of calves against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR).
DESIGN Controlled challenge study.
ANIMALS 120 dairy calves (3 to 8 days old) seronegative for antibody against BHV-1 (experiments 1 and 2) or seropositive for maternally derived antibody against BHV-1 (experiment 3).
PROCEDURES In 3 separate experiments, calves were vaccinated IN via 2 nostrils (experiment 1) or 1 nostril (experiments 2 and 3) with a vaccine containing or not containing a BHV-1 fraction. For seronegative calves, the test vaccine contained a minimum immunizing dose of BHV-1; for seropositive calves, it contained a commercial dose of BHV-1. Calves were challenged IN with virulent BHV-1 on day 28 or 193 (seronegative calves) or day 105 (seropositive calves) after vaccination to evaluate vaccine efficacy. Frequency and duration of clinical signs, rectal temperatures, virus shedding, and serologic responses were compared between treatment groups within experiments.
RESULTS In all experiments, BHV-1 vaccinated calves had lower frequencies or shorter durations of clinical signs of IBR than did control calves. Following viral challenge, peak rectal temperatures and degrees of virus shedding were lower and serologic responses were higher in vaccinated versus control calves.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE IN vaccination against BHV-1 protected all calves against clinical IBR disease, regardless of serologic status at the time of vaccination, and suppressed virus shedding. A single dose of this IN vaccine has the potential to protect seronegative calves for at least 193 days and override maternally derived antibody to protect seropositive calves for at least 105 days.
Phylogenetic diversification of Early Cretaceous seed plants: The compound seed cone of Doylea tetrahedrasperma
Authors: Rothwell Gar W. , Stockey Ruth A. 
Published: May 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Discovery of cupulate ovules of Doylea tetrahedrasperma within a compact, compound seed cone highlights the rich diversity of fructification morphologies, pollination biologies, postpollination enclosure of seeds, and systematic diversity of Early Cretaceous gymnosperms.METHODS:Specimens were studied using the cellulose acetate peel technique, three‐dimensional reconstructions (in AVIZO), and morphological phylogenetic analyses (in TNT).KEY RESULTS:Doylea tetrahedrasperma has bract/fertile short shoot complexes helically arranged within a compact, compound seed cone. Complexes diverge from the axis as a single unit and separate distally into a free bract tip and two sporophylls. Each sporophyll bears a single, abaxial seed, recurved toward the cone axis, that is enveloped after pollinaton by sporophyll tissue, forming a closed cupule. Ovules are pollinated by bisaccate grains captured by micropylar pollination horns.CONCLUSIONS:The unique combination of characters shown by D. tetrahedrasperma includes the presence of cupulate seeds borne in conifer‐like compound seed cones, an ovuliferous scale analogue structurally equivalent to the ovulate stalk of Ginkgo biloba, gymnospermous pollination, and nearly complete enclosure of mature seeds. These features characterize the Doyleales ord. nov., clearly distinguish it from the seed fern order Corystospermales, and allow for recognition of another recently described Early Cretaceous seed plant as a second species in genus Doylea. A morphological phylogenetic analysis highlights systematic relationships of the Doyleales ord. nov. and emphasizes the explosive phylogenetic diversification of gymnosperms that was underway at the time when flowering plants may have originated and/or first began to radiate.
Gender stereotypes 2.0: Self-representations of adolescents on Facebook
Authors: Oberst Úrsula , Chamarro Andrés , Renau Vanessa 
Published: May 2016

Adolescent girls and boys use online networking sites differently, and girls have a higher risk of being harmed by non-adaptive use. The aim of the study was to assess the extent to which adolescents portray themselves according to gender stereotypes on their Facebook profiles. Participants were 623 Facebook users of both sexes who responded to the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) and the Personal Well-being Index (PWI). In the first step, the adolescents responded to the BSRI with respect to how they view a typical adult in terms of gender stereotypes. In the second step, half of them responded to the BSRI with respect to how they view themselves and the other half responded with respect to their self-presentation on Facebook. The results show that adolescents consider themselves to be less sexually differentiated than a typical adult of their own sex, both in their self-perception and their self-portrayal on Facebook. The study confirms that the psychological well-being of girls decreases considerably with age and that it is associated with a greater degree of masculinity. We conclude that adolescents produce accurate self-representations on their Facebook profiles, and both boys and girls tend to offer a less sexually differentiated self-concept and self-portrayal than that of the typical adult, with a slight preference for masculine traits; moreover, masculinity is associated with a greaterdegree of psychological well-being.Chicas y chicos adolescentes hacen un uso diferente de las redes sociales online, y las chicas presentan un mayor riesgo de verse perjudicadas por un uso no adaptativo. El objetivo de este estudio era investigar en qué medida los adolescentes se presentan en términos de estereotipos de género en sus perfiles de Facebook. Los participantes, 623 usuarios de Facebook de ambos sexos, contestaron el Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) y el Personal Well-being Index (PWI). En la primera fase, respondieron sobre cómo ven a un adulto típico en términos de estereotipos de género. En la segunda fase, la mitad de ellos contestó el BSRI en relación a cómo se ven a sí mismos, y la otra mitad cómo se presentan en Facebook. Los resultados muestran que los adolescentes se consideran más sexualmente indiferenciados que un adulto típico de su mismo sexo, tanto en su auto-percepción como en su presentación en Facebook. Se confirma que el bienestar psicológico de las chicas baja considerablemente con la edad, y que está asociado a un mayor grado de masculinidad. Se concluye que los adolescentes producen representaciones verdaderas en sus perfiles de Facebook, y que existe una tendencia hacia una auto-concepción y auto-presentación más sexualmente indiferenciada con una leve preferencia por rasgos masculinos, tanto en chicos como en chicas; además, la masculinidad está asociada a un mayor grado de bienestar psicológico.
Médias, propagande, nationalismes
Authors: Bertho Elara 
Published: May 2016

Du début des années 1960 au début des années 1980, dans deux contextes politiques très différents, Ahmed Sékou Touré – dans la Guinée nouvellement indépendante – et Robert Mugabe – engagé dans la guérilla contre le gouvernement de la Rhodésie du Sud – développaient deux stratégies tout à fait similaires de filiation symbolique dans les chants de propagande. À la radio ou dans les champs, écoutés solitairement ou en groupes, ces chants partisans reliaient leur leader politique à une figure ancestrale : Samory Touré et Mbuya Nehanda, ayant tous deux résisté à la colonisation. Cet article vise à comprendre le mécanisme de légitimation à l’œuvre dans ces textes, et les « communautés imaginées » induites par l’appel à ces figures tutélaires.
Comment mieux prendre en compte les besoins économiques ?
Authors: Escobar Paula , López Juliana 
Published: May 2016

Dans un contexte de morcellement législatif du système éducatif et de grands défis à relever en matière de développement économique, la formation professionnelle en Colombie affronte trois principales difficultés : une faible mobilité entre les établissements d’enseignement supérieur et les différents niveaux de formation ; une déconnexion entre l’offre éducative et les besoins du secteur productif ; un sous-positionnement de la formation professionnelle. Le gouvernement colombien tente d’y remédier en créant un système d’enseignement supérieur qui accorde un rôle central à la formation professionnelle.
Coconut land fragmentation in Sri Lanka: an inquiry into the potential moral hazard behavior of landowners seeking for the approval
Authors: Weerawardana W. P.  T.  D. , Jayasinghe-Mudalige U. K. , Pathiraja P. M. E. K. , Jayalath K. V. N. N. 
Published: May 2016

The Tea, Rubber and Coconut Estates (Control of Fragmentation) Board was set up under the Act No: 20 of 2005 (An amendment of Act No: 2 of 1958) to control transferring of the ownership of coconut lands of more than four hectares as a single unit or sub divisions. The owner of a coconut land who wants to fragment her block is, thus, required to undergo a formal procedure to get approval to which the first step was the submission of a duly filled application explaining the characteristics of, and management practices used in, the coconut land to be fragmented. The specific objective of this study was to examine whether this process is associated with moral hazard and/or adverse selection behavior of owners, because any applicant may tend to manage her coconut land incongruously to gain advantage in the selection process. The outcome of analysis, which used first hand information from 50 applications submitted to the regional offices of the Coconut Cultivation Board from July 2005 to January 2008, showed that nearly 22% owners did not maintain their plantation up to their capacity, although their lands belonging to the best and moderate suitable soil classes with high productivity. This implies the need for evidence-based assessment criteria in the process of selection of coconut land for fragmentation to avoid potential failures in the process, and in turn, the Act. COCOS Vol. 20: 39-48 (2013)
Effect of temperature on local and Philippine isolates of Metarhizium anisopliae and their virulence on larvae of Oryctes rhinoceros, a pest of coconut in Sri Lanka
Authors: Subhathma W. G. R. , Suwandharathna N. I. , Fernando L. C. P. , Ahangama D. 
Published: May 2016

The effect of temperature on mycelial growth and spore production in Sri Lankan (local isolate) and Philippine isolates (DRC) of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorokin and their virulence to larvae of the black beetle, Oryctes rhinoceros L. were compared in the laboratory. Mycelial growth and spore production in each isolate were evaluated at 25°C, 27.5°C, 30°C and 32.5°C. Healthy third instar larvae of black beetle were inoculated with spore suspensions of 106spores/ml of each isolate to compare the virulence. There was no considerable difference between the two isolates with respect to mycelial growth at the end of the experimental period of 40 days. However, the mycelial growth of the local isolate significantly differed among the four temperatures, with the highest growth at 27.5°C and lowest at 32.5°C. The growth of DRC isolate was similar at all temperatures. The two isolates differed significantly in spore production. Spore production was extremely low at 32.5°C in both isolates. The local isolate produced a significantly higher number of spores at other three temperatures than that of the DRC isolate. In the local isolate spore production was higher at 25°C and 27.5°C and in the DRC isolate it was highest at 25°C. Both isolates caused death in black beetle larvae, the local isolate recorded a significantly higher mortality (67%) than the DRC isolate (42%), 17 days after inoculation. The LT50of the local and DRC isolates were 14 and 18 days respectively. The study reveals that the local isolate has more desirable characteristics than the DRC isolate for use in the management of black beetle larvae in Sri Lanka. COCOS Vol. 20: 49-58 (2013)
Evaluation of phosphorus availability in a lateritic gravelly, coconut grown and long term phosphate fertilizer applied soil in Sri Lanka with an indicator plant
Authors: Wijebandara D. M. D. I. , Kurudukubura C. P. A. 
Published: May 2016

The residual phosphorus availability and response of Ginger (Zinigiber officinale) to residual available phosphorus in (lateritic gravelly) Red Yellow Podzolic soil (RYP - Rhodustults) of Andigama soil series from Rathmalagara estate, Madampe was evaluated after 10 years of continuous application of 03 sources of phosphates to young coconut palms. A pot experiment was established using Andigama soil series which was collected from field experimental site where coconut palms were treated with 03 levels of phosphate with 03 different phosphate sources i.e., Eppawela Rock Phosphate (ERP, 30 % P2O5), Imported Rock Phosphate (1RP, 27.5% P205) and Triple Super Phosphate (TSP, 46 % P205) from the seedling stage up to the age of 10 years. The initial rates of phosphate applications were P205 equivalent of 50, 100 and 200 g palnrf'year'1 respectively which were annually increased by 5, 10 and 20 g respectively. Ginger was used as an indicator plant as the growth parameters, yield and the total P content in the ginger can be taken as an indication of the response to different treatments. Ginger rhizomes were planted in pots filled with 5 kg of phosphate treated soil and all the plants were treated with a basal dose of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K.) at every 1 V2 month intervals for 6 months. Number of tillers per bush, height of the plants and number of leaves in bush in each pot were recorded. Six months after planting, ginger plants were uprooted and fresh and dry weight of shoots of the plants, roots and rhizomes were recorded. All the plant parts were analysed for total P. Soil samples were collected before planting the ginger and analyzed for available P by 2.5 % acetic acid method, Olsen’s bicarbonate and Bray and Kurtz 1 method. The overall result showed that the extractable P in soil treated with all 03 levels of ERP, IRP and TSP by 2.5 % HAc-P, Olsen - P and Bray - P values were above the sufficiency soil P values of 7.8 mg kg-1, 8.5 mg kg-1 and 5.8 mg kg-1 respectively. The highest level of TSP, IRP and ERP treatments were significantly effective in increasing the dry weight of rhizomes and the shoots of ginger. It indicated that residual phosphorus availability of TSP, IRP and ERP was high and its effectiveness on response to ginger was more or less similar. This might be due to low dissolution of ERP and fixation of TSP in lateritic gravel soil. According to the findings of this experiment, P fertilizers can be taken out from the coconut fertilizer recommendation for a period of time by monitoring the effectiveness of the residual P status in soil and coconut leaf. Findings of this experiment can be included into site specific fertilizer recommendation programmes of the other perennial crops. By monitoring the availability of P in soil, intercrops can be grown in coconut plantations without application of P fertilizers. COCOS Vol. 20: 59-70 (2013)
Evaluating laboratory request forms submitted to haematology and blood transfusion departments at a hospital in Northwest Nigeria
Authors: Jegede Feyisayo , Mbah Henry A. , Dakata Ado , Gwarzo Dalhatu H. , Abdulrahman Surajudeen A. , Kuliya-Gwarzo Aisha 
Published: May 2016

Background: The laboratory request form (LRF) is a communication link between laboratories, requesting physicians and users of laboratory services. Inadequate information or errors arising from the process of filling out LRFs can significantly impact the quality of laboratory results and, ultimately, patient outcomes.Objective: We assessed routinely-submitted LRFs to determine the degree of correctness, completeness and consistency.Methods: LRFs submitted to the Department of Haematology (DH) and Blood Transfusion Services (BTS) of Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital in Kano, Nigeria, between October 2014 and December 2014, were evaluated for completion of all items on the forms. Performance in four quality indicator domains, including patient identifiers, test request details, laboratory details and physician details, was derived as a composite percentage.Results: Of the 2084 LRFs evaluated, 999 were from DH and 1085 from BTS. Overall, LRF completeness was 89.5% for DH and 81.2% for BTS. Information on patient name, patient location and laboratory number were 100% complete for DH, whereas only patient name was 100% complete for BTS. Incomplete information was mostly encountered on BTS forms for physician’s signature (60.8%) and signature of laboratory receiver (63.5%). None of the DH and only 9.4% of BTS LRFs met all quality indicator indices.Conclusion: The level of completion of LRFs from these two departments was suboptimal. This underscores the need to review and redesign the LRF, improve on training and communication between laboratory and clinical staff and review specimen rejection practices.
Anaphylaxis during intraoperative indocyanine green angiography: A complication to watch out
Authors: Singh Harnarayan , Bajaj Ankur , Jangra Kiran , Dhandapani Sviashanmugam 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIndocyanine green (ICG) angiography is widely used in cerebrovascular neurosurgery. We would like to report a case of intraoperative anaphylaxis to ICG during aneurysmal clipping and a view from the neurosurgeons’ perspective during such an event.
Perioperative anaesthetic concerns during paediatric epilepsy surgeries: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Sheshadri Veena , Raghavendra Seetharam , Chandramouli B. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background: Epilepsy in children is a common medical condition which usually responds well to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Surgical intervention is required in 30-40% of patients for refractory epilepsy. Paediatric patients present challenges to neurosurgeons as well as anaesthesiologists in view of the inherent physiological and developmental differences. We aimed to analyse the key perioperative factors affecting the paediatric epilepsy surgeries as well as the intraoperative and intensive care unit (ICU) complications and safety of the procedure in children. Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of perioperative data of 39 patients who underwent surgery for refractory epilepsy. Results: The surgical procedures were either resective or disconnective. The fraction of blood volume lost intraoperatively correlated well with the duration of surgery (P < 0.001, r =0.76). In the postoperative course in ICU, 7 children required postoperative ventilation and 14 developed fever, which was significantly more (P < 0.001) after disconnective surgeries. Conclusions: The blood loss and delayed recovery were found to be the main anaesthetic concerns perioperatively, especially with disconnective surgeries. The choice of anaesthetic agents did not affect electrocorticography or the course of surgery. Neurological complications and fever of non-infectious aetiology must be considered in the postoperative period in ICU. Paediatric epilepsy surgery can be safe and feasible with multidisciplinary team approach.
Multilevel Circulant Preconditioner for High-Dimensional Fractional Diffusion Equations
Authors: Lei Siu-Long , Chen Xu , Zhang Xinhe 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHigh-dimensional two-sided space fractional diffusion equations with variable diffusion coefficients are discussed. The problems can be solved by an implicit finite difference scheme that is proven to be uniquely solvable, unconditionally stable and first-order convergent in the infinity norm. A nonsingular multilevel circulant pre-conditoner is proposed to accelerate the convergence rate of the Krylov subspace linear system solver efficiently. The preconditoned matrix for fast convergence is a sum of the identity matrix, a matrix with small norm, and a matrix with low rank under certain conditions. Moreover, the preconditioner is practical, with an O(NlogN) operation cost and O(N) memory requirement. Illustrative numerical examples are also presented.
An Adaptive Time Stepping Method for Transient Dynamic Response Analysis
Authors: Huang Jianguo , Sheng Huashan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn efficient adaptive time stepping method is proposed for transient dynamic response analysis, which is frequently encountered in civil engineering and elsewhere. The reduced problem following the spatial discretisation can be discretised in the time by a C0-continuous discontinuous Galerkin method, and the adaptive time stepping strategy is based on optimal a posteriori error estimates developed using the energy method. Some numerical experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Improving predictions of the effects of extreme events, land use, and climate change on the hydrology of watersheds in the Philippines
Authors: Benavidez Rubianca , Jackson Bethanna , Maxwell Deborah , Paringit Enrico 
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Due to its location within the typhoon belt, the Philippines is vulnerable to tropical cyclones that can cause destructive floods. Climate change is likely to exacerbate these risks through increases in tropical cyclone frequency and intensity. To protect populations and infrastructure, disaster risk management in the Philippines focuses on real-time flood forecasting and structural measures such as dikes and retaining walls. Real-time flood forecasting in the Philippines mostly utilises two models from the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC): the Hydrologic Modeling System (HMS) for watershed modelling, and the River Analysis System (RAS) for inundation modelling. This research focuses on using non-structural measures for flood mitigation, such as changing land use management or watershed rehabilitation. This is being done by parameterising and applying the Land Utilisation and Capability Indicator (LUCI) model to the Cagayan de Oro watershed (1400 km2) in southern Philippines. The LUCI model is capable of identifying areas providing ecosystem services such as flood mitigation and agricultural productivity, and analysing trade-offs between services. It can also assess whether management interventions could enhance or degrade ecosystem services at fine spatial scales. The LUCI model was used to identify areas within the watershed that are providing flood mitigating services and areas that would benefit from management interventions. For the preliminary comparison, LUCI and HEC-HMS were run under the same scenario: baseline land use and the extreme rainfall event of Typhoon Bopha. The hydrographs from both models were then input to HEC-RAS to produce inundation maps. The novelty of this research is two-fold: (1) this type of ecosystem service modelling has not been carried out in the Cagayan de Oro watershed; and (2) this is the first application of the LUCI model in the Philippines. Since this research is still ongoing, the results presented in this paper are preliminary. As the land use and soil parameterisation for this watershed are refined and more scenarios are run through the model, more robust comparisons can be made between the hydrographs produced by LUCI and HEC-HMS and how those differences affect the inundation map produced by HEC-RAS.