bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSVI-17 Effects of maternal nutrition during gestation on second parity F2 offspring growth and organ weights
Authors: Summers Cheyenne S , Reiter Amanda S , Tillquist Nicole M , Barnello Nicholas M , Voggu Santhi Priya , Carter Rachel E , Kawaida Mia Y , Govoni Kristen E , Zinn Steven A , Reed Sarah A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Maternal diet influences offspring growth, but the impact of granddam diet on subsequent generations is less explored. We hypothesized that granddam diet would influence second parity F2 offspring growth. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of granddam diet on second parity F2 offspring growth, morphometric measurements, and organ weights. To determine the impact of poor maternal nutrition of F0 dams on second parity offspring of F1 ewes, multiparous Dorset ewes (F0, n = 46) were fed 100% (control), 60% (restricted), or 140% (over) of NRC requirements from d 30 of gestation until parturition. The F1 ewes (n = 37) were bred at 16 to 19 mo of age to one of two related Dorset rams to generate the first parity F2 generation. The following breeding season, F1 ewes (n = 30) were bred to the same rams to generate the second parity F2 generation offspring (n = 58; F2-2), which were identified as CON F2-2 (n = 6 ewes, 12 rams), RES F2-2 (n = 6 ewes, 12 rams), or OVER F2-2 (n = 9 ewes, 13 rams) corresponding to the diets of the F0 granddams. F2-2 offspring body weights (BW) were recorded weekly from birth (d 0) to d 28, every 14 d until d 126, and every 28 d until d 266 of age. Hip height (HH), crown rump length (CRL), heart girth (HG), and body condition score (BCS) were measured at d 0 and d 120 of age. Rams were necropsied at d 284 ± 0.23. Data were analyzed with R Studio with P ≤ 0.05 considered significant and 0.05 &lt; P ≤ 0.10 considered a tendency. Granddam diet and offspring sex were included in the model with animal ID as a random effect where appropriate. On d 210 and d 238, CON F2-2 tended to weigh 6.8% and 6.3% less, respectively, than OVER F2-2 (P = 0.07) but were not different than RES F2-2 at d 210 (P = 0.55) or d 238 (P = 0.15). We did not detect an effect of granddam diet on HH (P = 0.28), CRL (P = 0.31), or HG (P = 0.62) at birth. At d 120, ewes had 3.1% shorter CRL (P = 0.07) and weighed 9.4% less (P = 0.003) than rams. Immediately before necropsy, CON F2-2 rams tended to have 5.9% less BCS compared with RES F2-2 rams (P = 0.07) and 5.6% less BCS than OVER F2-2 rams (P = 0.10). At necropsy, granddam diet did not influence organ weight. Overfed and restricted granddam diet may increase BW and BCS of second parity, second generation offspring, which provides evidence that maternal diet has multigenerational effects on offspring.
PSVI-12 Clodronate does not impact bone optical density or lameness in juvenile, exercised Quarter Horses
Authors: Paris Brittany L , Leatherwood Jessica L , Welsh Thomas H , Glass Kati G , Arnold Carolyn E , Conrad Matthew B , George James M , Martinez Rafael E , Colbath Aimee C , Nielsen Brian D , Bradbery Amanda N 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The non-nitrogenous bisphosphonate clodronate disodium (CD) inhibits bone resorption and is approved for horses ≥ 4 yr of age. Extra-label use in juvenile exercising horses is a concern due to potential interference with normal bone growth and development. The objective was to determine the effects of single and repeated doses of CD on bone optical density (radiographic bone aluminum equivalence; RBAE) and lameness score (LS) in juvenile, exercising horses. Quarter Horses [n = 32 (16 geldings, 16 fillies); 500 ± 13 d of age; body weight (BW) = 336 ± 26 kg]) were used to test the hypothesis that horses receiving CD would have greater RBAE and reduced LS, and additional doses of CD would accentuate these effects. In a 168-d trial, horses were housed in individual stalls, and fed 1% BW/d concentrate and ad libitum Coastal bermudagrass hay. Horses were exercised 5 d/wk following a phase-based progressive workload using a free stall exerciser; Phase I (d 0 to 84) mimicked sales preparation whereas Phase II (d 85 to 168) simulated early training. Horses were stratified by age, BW, sex, and initial RBAE into control (CON; n = 8), single dose CD (1X; d 84; n = 8), 2-doses CD (2X; d 0 and d 84; n = 8), and four-doses CD (4X; d 0, d 42, d 84, d 126; n = 8). On injection d (0, 42, 84, and 126), horses were administered either 1.8 mg/kg BW CD (OSPHOS) or isovolumetric saline. On d 0, 84, and 168, dorsal-palmar and lateral-medial radiographs of the left third metacarpus and metatarsus were captured. An aluminum step wedge was included in each image and raw images were analyzed (Quantity One Basic, BioRad) to determine total bone RBAE at 1 cm distal to the nutrient foramen. On d 0 and d 168, horses were evaluated by a veterinarian unaware of treatment group and assigned a LS according to the American Association of Equine Practitioners Lameness Scale. The RBAE and LS data were analyzed via PROC MIXED and PROC GENMOD, respectively, in SAS. For each view, RBAE increased from d 0 to d 84 and remained increased to d 168 (P ≤ 0.02), regardless of treatment, likely due to progressing exercise protocol. On d 0, 29 horses were LS 0, 1 horse was LS 1, and 2 horses were LS 2; LS did not differ among treatment groups (P = 0.61). On d 168, 5 horses were LS 0, 13 horses were LS 2, 11 horses were LS 3, and 1 horse was LS 4; LS did not differ among treatments (P = 0.16). Based on these results, the hypothesis that single or repeated CD administration would increase RBAE and decrease lameness in juvenile, exercised Quarter Horses was rejected. Funding: AFRI#2021-67015-34079
PSVI-18 Association between residual feed intake and reproductive-related traits in young bulls
Authors: Venturini Mauro , de Losano Joao Agostini , Heredia Daniella C , Duarte Maria C Lopez , Mcgraw Maura , Muhammad Sohail , Guertin Jillian , Dilorenzo Nicolas , Daigneault Bradford W , Gonella-Diaza Angela M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Enhancement of feed efficiency (FE) along with reproductive performance is critical to maximize profitability of beef production systems. Residual feed intake (RFI) is a measure of FE, assessing differences between expected and actual feed intake. Published data suggest a negative impact of RFI on reproductive performance. The objective of this experiment was to establish the relationship between RFI and reproductive parameters related with puberty in young bulls. Growing, Brangus bulls (n = 58; 10 to 12 mo of age) were tested for FE over 56 d and ranked as low RFI (LRFI) and high RFI (HRFI). Scrotal circumference (SC) was measured at the greatest diameter of the testicles by the same operator using a scrotal measuring tape, and semen samples were collected by electroejaculation at the beginning and at the end of the test. Fresh semen was visually evaluated (VE) for visual motility (VM), morphology [major defects (MAD)], minor defects (MID), total defects (TD)], plasma membrane integrity (PMI) via Eosin-nigrosin stain and sperm concentration (Con). Sperm kinematics were objectively determined simultaneously via computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA-IVOS II System, Hamilton Thorne, Beverly, MA) within 6 h of collection in a medium designed specifically for holding sperm. Statistical analysis included repeated measures to assess interactions between Group (LRFI, HRFI) and Time (0 and 56 d of RFI measurement). Results are presented as mean ± SEM in Table 1. The main effect of Group did not affect CASA derived traits, while MAD and TD were affected among VE traits. A Time effect was observed in the amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH), beat cross frequency (BCF), curvilinear velocity (VCL) and linearity (LIN). A tendency was indicated for total motility (TM), and average path velocity (VAP) among CASA derived traits, while all VE traits were affected by Time except for visual motility (VM). Finally, an interaction effect (Group x Time) was observed in LIN and plasma membrane integrity (PMI). In conclusion, age at puberty as determined by VM, Con, and SC (Group: P = 0.12, Day: P &lt; 0.001, Group x Day: P = 0.79) was not associated with RFI. Overall, fertility-related measurements were not influenced by RFI, with time emerging as the primary influencing factor across evaluated parameters. Evaluation of reproductive parameters following d 56 FE testing may be a useful determinant for identifying differences in seminal characteristics of young bulls.
PSVI-2 Multigenerational effects of maternal rate of body weight gain on fetal liver miRNA expression
Authors: Anas Muhammad , Ward Alison K , McCarthy Kacie L , Borowicz Pawel P P , Reynolds Lawrence P P , Caton Joel S S , Dahlen Carl R , Da Diniz Wellison Jarles Silva 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Maternal rate of gain is critical to heifer development, pregnancy outcomes, and cow longevity. Multigenerational epigenetic effects in offspring resulting from differing levels of maternal body weight (BW) gain in heifers have not been explored previously in beef cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of early gestational BW gain in beef heifers on epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in the fetal liver of the F1 generation and to determine their persistence into the F2 generation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the heifer rate of BW gain during early pregnancy would alter the hepatic micro-RNA (miRNA) expression profile of the F1 generation and that these effects would persist into the F2 offspring. Angus cross-bred heifers (n = 132; ~13 mo of age) bred through artificial insemination were assigned to treatments targeting different rates of BW gain (LG; low BW gain targeting 0.28 kg/d, n = 66; or MG; moderate BW gain targeting 0.79 kg/d, n = 66). Fifteen F0 pregnant heifers (LG = 7, MG = 8) were slaughtered on d 83 of gestation, and F1 fetal liver samples were collected. The remaining pregnant heifers (LG, n = 23; MG, n = 25) were maintained on pasture and managed as one group through calving and weaning, with no dietary treatments. The F1 heifers were then bred and slaughtered to collect the fetal liver tissues of the F2 generation from 16 pregnant heifers (LG = 8, MG = 8) on d 83 of pregnancy. The fetal hepatic miRNA profiles of F1 and F2 generations were determined using miRNA-Seq. The data were analyzed using the mirDeep2 pipeline, and differentially expressed miRNAs were identified (FDR &lt; 0.05). Bta-miR-206 was the only differentially expressed miRNA in both the F1 and F2 generations for the MG vs. LG comparison. Based on gene target predictions, 809 genes are targeted by this miRNA. Functionally over-represented pathways (FDR &lt; 0.05) of targeted genes included key energy metabolic pathways like mTOR, Wnt, MAPK, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways, along with thyroid hormone signaling and longevity-regulating pathways. The results indicated that the effects of the F0 maternal rate of BW gain persisted into the F1 and F2 generations, and the maternal rate of BW gain during early pregnancy altered the hepatic miRNA expression profile to potentially regulate energy metabolism in beef heifers.
PSVI-16 An evaluation using a visual health scoring system with vaginal temperatures of newly received feedlot heifers on immune status
Authors: Smithyman Mackenzie M , Branine Mark E , Sowers Consuelo A , Duff Glenn C , Loest Clint A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Newly received feedlot cattle often experience immune function impairment caused by stressors such as marketing and transportation, resulting in bovine respiratory disease (BRD). Morbidity is often visually detected and medically treated by implementing a 4-point scoring system based on depression, appetite, respiration, and temperature (DART). Using DART scoring, cattle are treated with antimicrobial medications for BRD if they have a rectal temperature (RT) ≥ 40°C and a DART = 2 (scale = 1 to 4), or if they have a DART ≥ 3 regardless of the 40°C RT threshold. However, cattle often exhibit visible clinical symptoms of BRD but do not have a RT ≥ 40°C threshold to warrant medical treatment. Immune status can be measured using a nanotechnology-based immunity test (D2Dx). The objective of this study was to evaluate newly received feedlot heifers on subsequent health status using the DART scoring system and D2Dx values during a 28-d receiving period. Crossbred heifers [n = 198; initial body weight (BW) = 219 ± 63 kg] were initially processed, weighed, and allocated to one of 10 soil-surfaced pens (12 x 35 m; 20 heifers per pen). A blank controlled intravaginal drug release (CIDR) device attached with indwelling temperature probe (iButton DS1925L) was inserted vaginally into each heifer to record vaginal temperature (VT) every 10 min for 28 d. All heifers were evaluated daily (0700 h) for signs of morbidity by three individuals (blinded from each other) implementing DART scoring. Individual DART evaluations were then pooled prior to determination of heifers needing further evaluation for medical treatment. Serum was collected on d 1, 28, and when a heifer was brought to the chute and evaluated for medical treatment (PULL). Initial D2Dx values were not different (P ≥ 0.54) between healthy and morbid heifers upon feedlot arrival. Heifers with DART ≥ 2 that were treated for BRD had decreased (P ≤ 0.05) D2Dx values than healthy heifers with DART = 0. The D2Dx values were not different (P ≥ 0.15) between heifers with DART = 2 and DART = 3. Upon feedlot arrival, D2Dx values were low for all heifers and increased (P ≤ 0.05) by the 1st and 2nd PULL. By d 28, D2Dx values were greater (P ≤ 0.01) than both d 0 and all total PULL. Average VT decreased (P ≤ 0.01) from d 0 to 28, implying heifer health status improved by d 28 as D2Dx values increased. In this study, morbidity cannot be determined by D2Dx values upon arrival. Employing the DART scoring method accompanied with the D2Dx immunity test provided an overview of how effective clinical BRD can be diagnosed. Therefore, contributing to the improvement and development of more effective strategies for identifying respiratory diseases in feedlot cattle.
PSIV-13 Changes in Interferon-γ and Tumor necrosis factor-α in the vaginal environment of cattle during early gestation
Authors: Utai Makala L , Leach Mary A , McLean Kyle J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The embryo must create an immuno-tolerant uterine environment via cytokine signaling to prevent rejection and facilitate embryo attachment. Cytokines have a variety of roles in both reproductive and pregnancy-related processes. Cytokines and chemokines are important in inflammatory pathways for uterine remodeling and recruitment of immune cells during pregnancy. Interferon-γ (INFγ) and tumor necrosis factor-a (TNFα) influence T-helper cell immune responses, which can assist in early pregnancy establishment. Therefore, we hypothesized that INFγ and TNFα concentrations following breeding will be differentially expressed based on mating type, time, and pregnancy outcome. To test this, we completed two experiments in which INFγ and TNFα were quantified in vaginal fluid samples on d 0, d 7, d 14, d 21, d 28, and d 35 following mating. In experiment one, Angus heifers (n = 9) were used to determine cytokine concentrations in the vaginal environment between d 0 to d 35, and between artificial insemination (AI) and natural mating. In experiment 2, lactating dairy cows (n = 88) were used to determine if cytokines could be used as a potential biomarker for successful pregnancy. All vaginal flush samples were collected via Foley catheter in 20 mL of sterile saline. Statistical analysis was completed in SAS 9.4 to determine differences in cytokine concentrations based on day of gestation, mating type, and pregnancy outcome. In experiment 1, vaginal concentrations of TNFα were least (P = 0.05) in AI-bred heifers on d 35 (1.15 ± 2.97 pg/mL) and intermediate in non-pregnant heifers (4.39 ± 2.97 pg/mL) compared with natural service-bred heifers on d 7 (18.09 ± 2.97 pg/mL). INFγ was increased (P = 0.05) on d 7 following natural service (3.86 ± 0.76 pg/mL) compared with AI (0.86 ± 0.76 pg/mL). TNFα was increased (P = 0.02) on d 7 following natural service (18.09 ± 2.89 pg/mL) compared with AI (1.93 ± 2.89 pg/mL) and was increased (P = 0.02) by d 7 after a natural mating compared with a pregnancy resulting from AI mating. In experiment two, concentrations of IFNγ were greater (P = 0.04) on d 7 (1.36 ± 0.57 pg/mL) compared with d 8 (0.24 ± 0.57 pg/mL) of gestation. There was also a tendency for TNFα concentrations to decrease (P = 0.09) from d 7 (60.06 ± 26.94 pg/mL) to d 8 (19.67 ± 26.94 pg/mL) of gestation. In conclusion, concentrations of INFγ and TNFα may not be indicative of a viable embryo or pregnancy outcome but do differ based on day of gestation and mating type, which may aid in understanding the role these cytokines play during early gestation.
PSIV-8 Effects of feeder lamb receiving protocols on lamb performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics as part of a lamb-value discovery program
Authors: Mills Joe B , Laverell Dylan M , Kersh Aaron J , Hernandez Josie N , Dooley Elisabeth F , Lima Paulo M T , Scasta John D , Cunningham-Hollinger Hannah C , Gifford Cody L , Stewart Whit C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Minimizing interruptions in feed intake during the highly stressful receiving period is critical for lamb performance and animal welfare for lambs arriving from extensively managed operations. The objectives of the study were to evaluate feeder lamb receiving protocols, specifically the effectiveness of hay processing and respiratory vaccine on feed intake, growth performance, feed efficiency and carcass traits on a 107-d feeding trial. Feeder lambs [n = 63; body weight (BW) = 47.6 ± 7.9 kg; wethers n = 46; ewes n = 17; Western white-faced n = 34; black-faced; n = 4; crossbred; n = 25) sourced from 15 WY and CO producers participated in the “Lamb-A-Year” program at the University of Wyoming- Laramie Research and Extension Center. Lambs were randomly sorted into two groups and fed an 8% CP, 61% NDF hay that was either unprocessed or processed (8 cm). One-half of the lambs in each hay processing group were then vaccinated or not vaccinated with a Mannheimia haemolytica Types 1 & 2 and Pasteurella multocida vaccine. Lambs were adapted to electronic feeders (Vytelle, Calgary, AB, CA) for 7 d (7 to 8 lambs/feeder) to record individual daily feed intake for 50 d. During the initial receiving period (d 0 to 14) lambs had ad libitum access to their respective hay treatment. A textured finishing diet was administered from d 15 to 50 (75% corn, 15% soyhulls, 10% lamb grower pellet). From d 51 to 107, lambs were group fed ad libitum the textured finishing diet until slaughter at a commercial abattoir. Hot carcass weight (HCW), 12th rib back fat (RFT), body wall thickness (BWT), and loin muscle area (LMA) carcass data were collected at the abattoir. Data were analyzed as a mixed model with fixed effects of hay treatment, vaccination status, and their interaction with random effects of ranch source and individual animal. The hay treatment x vaccine status interaction was significant (P ≤ 0.03) for RFI. While the ranking changed for RFI when comparing vaccination status, no statistical difference between treatment groups were observed after a Tukey adjustment. Interestingly, the hay treatment x vaccine status interaction was significant (P ≤ 0.01) for BWT. Again, ranking did change; however, no statistical differences were observed after a Tukey adjustment. Under current study conditions, there were no clear effects on dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), HCW, RFT, or LMA (Table 1). The effects of hay processing type and vaccine administration had minimal disruptions on DMI and ADG. Lamb performance may not be influenced by management interventions at the receiving phase. Further research should evaluate producer management prior to weaning and genetic factors that influence overall performance during the backgrounding and feeding phases.
PSVI-21 Long-term effects of weaning and feeding strategies during early life on performance of young bulls
Authors: David Gabriel Santos Souza , Domingos Bianca Rodrigues , Henrique Maciel Bisio Gustavo Henrique Maciel , Inácio de Abreu Mateus José Inácio José , da Ferreira Vital Mariana Natividade , de Porcionato Marco Felício , Siqueira Gustavo Rezende Rezende , de de Resende Flávio Dutra Dutra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the effects of different weaning and feeding strategies on the early life Nellore cattle, on performance of the rearing phase. Nellore male calves (n = 62), weighing 159 ± 16 kg, at the age of 120 d were distributed in 12 paddocks of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block [blocked by initial body weight (BW) of the calves], with paddock (i.e., group of the animals) as the experimental units. Four treatments were evaluated: 1) weaned at 120 d of age [T120; daily supplementation of 5.0 g/kg BW (as fed) from d 40 until d 240 of life], 2) weaned at 180 d of age [T180; daily supplementation of 5.0 g/kg BW (as fed) from d 40 until d 240 of life], 3) weaned at 240 d of age [T240C; daily creep-feeding supplementation of 5.0 g/kg BW (as fed) from d 40 until d 240 of life], and 4) weaned at 240 d of age (T240MM; free-choice access to mineral mix until 240 d of life). After 240 d of age, all animals were allocated to grazing area of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (12 paddocks) and they received energetic protein supplement at 10 g/kg BWּ animal-1ּ d-1, with 220 and 180 g CP/kg DM in the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. The animals were weighed at the beginning and end of the experiment, after fasting from liquids and solids for 16 h, to evaluate the performance on the rearing period, totalizing 212 d on feeding. The data were analyzed using the MIXED procedures (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, version 9.4). At the beginning of the rearing, the animals from T120 had lightest BW (230 kg) and T240C had the greatest BW (283 kg; P &lt; 0.001). Although, the animals from T240MM and T180 had similar BW (250 vs. 246 kg, respectively), but different from T120 Table 1). At the end of the rearing, BW from T120, T180 and T240MM were similar (411, 432 and 428 kg, respectively), but the BW from T240C was the greatest (454 kg; P &lt; 0.03). The average daily gain in the rearing phase was not affected by treatments (P &gt; 0.59). The weaning strategy of 240 d with creep-feeding supplementation promoted greatest BW at the end of rearing phase.