bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Criminological Construction of Female Mediumship in Early Twentieth-Century Germany
Authors: Wolffram Heather 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
During the early twentieth century, several prominent fraud trials that featured mediums as defendants captured public attention in Germany. Of particular note were the trials of the “flower medium” Anna Rothe in 1902 and the criminal-telepath Else Günther-Geffers in 1928, which were given substantial coverage in the German daily press. While these sensational trials focused the public on the question of the reality of mediumistic phenomena and psychical researchers on discovering the mechanism by which mediums achieved their supernormal feats, a small number of jurists and criminologists used such cases to explore the nature of female criminality. Among them was the criminologist Erich Wulffen, whose books Psychologie des Verbrechers (Psychology of the criminal) and Das Weib als Sexualverbrecherin (Woman as sexual criminal) used Rothe and Günther-Geffers as examples of a particular type of criminal: the hysterical female swindler.
Over toekomstbestendige policing
Authors: Devroe E. 
Published: September 2017

About future-proof policing: The dilemmas of security regimes in big cities
In this article we identify the political agency and discretion available to metropolises to define and accomplish their own policing agendas and to question what the role of public police forces can be in executing such agendas. Results of a comparative case study of 24 metropolises illustrate a major focus on risk management strategies like environmental opportunity oriented measures, hot spot hot time predictive policing actions and preventative community oriented policing. Also programs like Top 600 in Amsterdam and other early intervention efforts oriented towards ‘groups at risk’ (youngsters, nomads and criminal careers) find a place in the risk assessment regime. This article classifies all urban programs in 5 different ‘urban regimes’ and sheds light on the role the police should take in order to execute stated policy goals, summarized in urban policy coalition plans and security plans.
Een insidersanalyse van de Franse politieorganisatie
Authors: Meershoek G. 
Published: September 2017

An insider’s view on the French police organisation
This contribution offers a review of the recently published book Sécurité. Ce qu’on vous cache (‘Security. What is being hidden for you’) written by Patrice Bergougnoux (with Frédéric Ploquin). Bergougnoux has had a long career inside the French police organisation. His book comes out at a crucial moment, now the French police has become subject of a fierce debate due to its expanded powers during the state of emergency in place since the terrorist attacks in Paris in november 2016 up to today. Bergougnoux gives an insider’s view on the police organisation and how it became a subject of power struggle between various French political forces. While the French have had a national police for 75 years, the Netherlands only recently formed a national force. This book entails a national vision on how to structure the police services and as such could be inspiring for the Dutch debate on the national police.
Comparison of Spectrophotometric Methods for the Determination of Copper in Sugar Cane Spirit
Authors: Soares Sarah Adriana R , Costa Silvânio Silvério L , Araujo Rennan Geovanny O , Teixeira Leonardo Sena Gomes , Dantas Alailson Falcão 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Three spectrophotometric methods were developed for the determination of copper (Cu) in sugar cane spirit using the chromogenic reagents neocuproine, cuprizone, and bathocuproine. Experimental conditions, such as reagent concentration, reducer concentration, pH, buffer concentration, the order of addition of reagents, and the stability of the complexes, were optimized. The work range was established from 1.0 to 10.0 µg/mL, with correlation coefficients of &gt;0.999 for all three optimized methods. The methods were evaluated regarding accuracy by addition and recovery tests at five concentration levels, and the obtained recoveries ranged from 91 to 105% (n = 3). Precision was expressed as RSD (relative standard deviation), with values ranging from 0.01 to 0.17% (n = 10). The method using the chromogenic reagent cuprizone presented the greatest molar absorptivity, followed by bathocuproine and neocuproine. The methods were applied for the determination of Cu in sugar cane spirit, and the results were compared with a reference method by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Calibration curve solutions for FAAS analysis were prepared in a 40% (v/v) alcohol medium in a range of concentrations from 0.5 up to 5 µg/mL. Measurements for Cu determination were carried out at a wavelength of 324.7 nm. The concentrations obtained for Cu in sugar cane spirit samples from Brazil were between 1.99 and 12.63 µg/mL, and about 75% of the samples presented Cu concentrations above the limit established by Brazilian legislation (5.0 µg/mL or 5.0 mg/L).
Association of rs1801157 single nucleotide polymorphism of CXCL12 gene in breast cancer in Pakistan andin-silicoexpression analysis of CXCL12–CXCR4 associated biological regulatory network
Authors: Khalid Samra , Hanif Rumeza 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundC-X-C chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) has important implications in breast cancer (BC) pathogenesis. It is selectively expressed on B and T lymphocytes and is involved in hematopoiesis, thymocyte trafficking, stem cell motility, neovascularization, and tumorigenesis. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)rs1801157of CXCL12 gene has been found to be associated with higher risk of BC.MethodsOur study focuses on the genotypic and allelic distribution of SNP (rs1801157; G/A) in Pakistani population as well as its association with the clinico-pathological features. The association betweenrs1801157genotypes (G/A) and BC risks was assessed by a multivariate logistic regression (MLR) analysis. Genotyping was performed in both healthy individuals and patients of BC using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Furthermore,in-silicoapproaches were adapted to investigate the association of CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 with genes/proteins involved in BC signalling.ResultsSignificant differences in allelic and genotypic distribution between BC patients and healthy individuals of genotype (G/G) and (A/G) (p < 0.05) were observed. The frequency of the allele G in the BC group (77%) was significantly higher as compared to control group (61%) (p = 0.01). The association of genotype GG with clinico-pathological features including age, stages of cancer and organ (lung, liver, bones and brain) metastasis (p > 0.05) was assessed. In a MLR analysis, a number of variables including age, weight of an individual, affected lymph nodes, hormonal status (estrogen and progesterone receptor), alcohol consumption and family history associated with the GG genotype (GG:AA, odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% CI [1.06–1.60]) were found to be independent risk factors for BC. Ourin-vitroresults suggest that genotype GG is possibly increasing the risk of BC in Pakistani cohorts.in-silicoanalysis finds that CXCL12–CXCR4 is associated with an increased expression of PDZK1, PI3k and Akt which lead the breast tumor towards metastasis.ConclusionMultiple targets such as CXCL12, CXCR4, PDZK1, PI3k and Akt can be inhibited in combined strategies to treat BC metastasis.
Bio‐inspired Dry Adhesives: Contact Electrification and Electrostatic Interactions
Authors: Izadi Hadi , Zandieh Azadeh , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article discusses contact electrification and related electrostatic forces as they pertain to the adhesive properties of gecko foot pads and gecko‐inspired adhesives. Following an introduction to gecko adhesion and gecko‐inspired adhesives, fundamentals of contact electrification‐driven electrostatic interactions are discussed, along with electrostatic phenomena that can affect these interfacial interactions. Particular attention has been given to three special phenomena: electrostatic discharge, surface charge leakage, and charge penetration into the matrix of fibrillar dry adhesives. Through the analysis of the effects of these three phenomena, it is demonstrated how the general characteristics of fibrillar dry adhesives, such as strong attachment, easy detachment, and self‐cleaning, can be considered and explained in terms of contact electrification‐driven electrostatic interactions of these materials. In this connection, the effects of many factors (electrical conductivity, dielectric properties, and geometrical properties) on contact electrification‐driven electrostatic interactions of fibrillar dry adhesives have also been discussed. The ensuing discussion on the magnitude of electrostatic adhesion forces that fibrillar dry adhesives can develop via contact electrification has been carried out with respect to three key parameters (surface roughness, humidity, and tip geometry) and the effects that these can have on the strength of the contact electrification‐driven electrostatic interactions of gecko and gecko‐inspired adhesives.
Simulation of Optical Properties and Direct and Indirect Radiative Effects of Smoke Aerosols Over Marine Stratocumulus Clouds During Summer 2008 in California With the Regional Climate Model RegCM
Authors: Mallet M. , Solmon F. , Roblou L. , Peers F. , Turquety S. , Waquet F. , Jethva H. , Torres O. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe regional climate model RegCM has been modified to better account for the climatic effects of biomass‐burning particles. Smoke aerosols are represented by new tracers with consistent radiative and hygroscopic properties to simulate the direct radiative forcing (DRF), and a new parameterization has been integrated for relating the droplet number concentration to the aerosol concentration for marine stratocumulus clouds (Sc). RegCM has been tested during the summer of 2008 over California, when extreme concentration of smoke, together with the presence of Sc, is observed. This work indicates that significant aerosol optical depth (AOD) (~1–2 at 550 nm) is related to the intense 2008 fires. Compared to Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, the regional pattern of RegCM AOD is well represented although the magnitude is lower than satellite observations. Comparisons with Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances (POLDER) above‐clouds aerosol optical depth (ACAOD) show the ability of RegCM to simulate realistic ACAOD during the transport of smoke above the Pacific Ocean. The simulated single scattering albedo is ~0.90 (at 550 nm) near biomass‐burning sources, consistent with OMI and POLDER, and smoke leads to shortwave heating rates ~1.5–2°K d−1. RegCM is not able to correctly resolve the daily patterns in cloud properties notably due to its coarse horizontal resolutions. However, the changes in the sign of the DRF at top of atmosphere (TOA) (negative to positive) from clear‐sky to all‐sky conditions is well simulated. Finally, the “aerosol‐cloud” parameterization allows simulating an increase of the cloud optical depth for significant concentrations, leading to large perturbations of radiative fluxes at TOA.
Prokaryotic
DNA
Transposons: Classes and Mechanism
Authors: Chandler Michael 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Transposition plays a major role in genome plasticity causing chromosome rearrangements, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) insertion and deletion mutations and is key in gene sequestration and transmission by horizontal gene transfer. The processes play important roles in genome evolution and function. Transposable elements (TR) can be classified according to the chemistry of the transposition process itself: the nature of the catalytic mechanisms involved in the DNA cleavages necessary to liberate a copy of the transposon from its donor DNA and DNA strand transfer events (involved in insertion into a target DNA).
This chapter is centred on prokaryotic TE, which use DNA intermediates for their movement. DNA transposable elements are extremely diverse, but, with a few exceptions, the mechanisms they use in their movement are common to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic TE.
There are only a limited number of enzyme types that carry out DNA transposition. They are DDE (DED), Y, S, Y1 (HUH), Y2 (HUH) transposases, names of which are based on the active‐site residues involved in catalysis. More recently, an additional class, the casposons, has been identified in archaea and bacteria, which use a different type of sequence‐specific endonuclease.
Transposition requires assembly of precise protein DNA complexes called transpososomes.

Key Concepts

Transposons are found in all living organisms.

Transposons are diverse in organisation.

Transposons use a limited number of enzyme types (transposases) for their movement.

Transposases catalyse DNA cleavage in the donor DNA molecule and DNA strand transfer into the target DNA.

Transposition requires an assembly of a precise protein–DNA complex, the transpososome.

Transpososomes are assembled through a strictly ordered series of events in which the DNA–protein interactions position the DNA for catalysis.
Recent Advances in Biomimetic Metal Phenolates
Authors: Tamasi Gabriella , Cini Renzo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe review reports and critically comments on articles mostly published during the period 2012–2015, relevant to phenolate‐containing metal complexes, in the following fields: (i) antioxidants and O2activation (Section III; copper complexes as models for amine oxidase and phenol‐like antioxidants from the OXICAM family of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory therapeutics), and (ii) efficient hydrolysis of phosphate diester bonds (Section IV). Remarkably, the review includes several other tasks grouped in Section V about phenolic chelators of iron, models for halophenol scavenger systems, phenols and their metal complexes designed for DNA cleavage, and synthesis of phenolate–metal complexes via radical reactions. The comments focus on the synthesis of complexes and their structural aspects, on spectroscopy, on reaction mechanisms, on computational analyses, and on biological implications of the compounds.
Stable Hydrazyls and Push–Pull (Capto‐Dative) Aminyl Free Radicals
Authors: Balaban Alexandru T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractElectron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy is at present the preferred method for studying free radicals. Push–pull aminyls show exceptional stability, which is explained satisfactorily by Linnett's double‐quartet theory in terms of electronic spin. Stable hydrazyls such as 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐cyanohydrazyl can actually be viewed as push–pull aminyls. A consequence of Linnett's theory is the increased bond order for the NN bond in hydrazyls, which is confirmed experimentally by X‐ray crystallography and the high intramolecular rotation barrier. For aminyls and hydrazyls whose nitrogen center is not part of a ring, this survey lists the variety of electron donors and electron acceptors known so far.
Synthesis of Spiroindolenines via Regioselective Gold(I)‐Catalyzed Cyclizations of N‐Propargyl Tryptamines
Authors: Magné Valentin , Marinetti Angela , Gandon Vincent , Voituriez Arnaud , Guinchard Xavier 
Published: September 2017

AbstractN‐Propargyl tryptamines bearing N‐substituents such as propargyl, allyl, alkyl or benzyl groups undergo regioselective gold‐catalyzed cyclizations to the corresponding spiroindolenines, while it was previously shown that N‐sulfonyl‐N‐propargyl tryptamines lead to achiral azepino[4,5‐b]indoles. An asymmetric approach to these spiroindolenines is disclosed using chiral gold complexes, leading to enantiomeric ratios up to 84/16. The spiroindolenines could be late‐stage functionalized using Huisgen cyclizations, palladium‐catalyzed cross couplings or reductions. Computational studies show that the reaction evolves via different mechanistic pathways depending on the nature of the substituent at the amine.magnified image
Recent Advances in C–B Bond Formation through a Free Radical Pathway
Authors: Yan Guobing , Huang Dayun , Wu Xiangmei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of a methodology for the preparation of arylboronic acids or arylboronates is of significant interest to organic chemists. Classical synthetic methods to prepare these organoboron compounds are based on the reaction of Grignard or lithium reagents with trialkyl borates. In the past few decades, the transition‐ metal‐catalyzed borylation of aryl halides, or pseudohalides, and C–H bonds of hydrocarbons has been a powerful tool for the synthesis of arylboronates in modern organic synthesis. These transformations are generally considered to proceed via organometallic intermediates generated by oxidative addition or transmetalation processes from the boron reagent. Several reviews on this type of borylation catalyzed by transition metals have been published in the literature. Interestingly, there has been a novel recognition that the boron reagent can participate in free‐radical coupling via the homolytic cleavage of the boron‐boron bond in recent years. In this review, recent advances in this new area of boron chemistry are summarized and the reaction mechanisms are also discussed.magnified image
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1‐Aminoindanes via C−H Activation
Authors: Han Sang Hoon , Mishra Neeraj Kumar , Jeon Mijin , Kim Saegun , Kim Hyung Sik , Jung Seung‐Young , Jung Young Hoon , Ku Jin‐Mo , Kim In Su 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe rhodium(III)‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction between N‐sulfonyl aldimines and various olefins such as maleimides, fumarates, maleates, α,β‐unsaturated ketones, acrylate and nitroalkenes is described. This transformation efficiently leads to the diastereoselective synthesis of pharmacologically privileged 1‐aminoindane derivatives via the C−H alkylation followed by subsequent intramolecular cyclization. Notably, single diastereomers in all cases were observed, and the relative stereochemistry of products was confirmed by the X‐ray crystallographic data.magnified image
Genetically modified labeling: The role of consumers’ trust and personality
Authors: DeLong Karen Lewis , Grebitus Carola 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDespite the USDA’s genetically modified (GM) regulatory approval process, many U.S. consumers still want GM foods labeled. Therefore, this research identifies how individuals’ trust in the ability of institutions to ensure the safety of food, their personality, and their demographics affects their desire for GM foods to be labeled. A survey was administered to 566 consumers to elicit their desire for GM labeling of sugar and sugar in soft drinks. Results of a bivariate ordered probit model suggest that less conscientious individuals, males, and individuals who have a greater trust in food manufacturers and the government to ensure the safety of food are less likely to desire GM labeling. Cluster analysis further identified market segments of individuals based on their level of desire for GM labeling. Results are informative to policy makers and GM technology participants. [EconLit Citations: Q18]
Reducing Disparities in Cancer Screening and Prevention through Community‐Based Participatory Research Partnerships with Local Libraries: A Comprehensive Dynamic Trial
Authors: Rapkin Bruce D. , Weiss Elisa , Lounsbury David , Michel Tamara , Gordon Alexis , Erb‐Downward Jennifer , Sabino‐Laughlin Eilleen , Carpenter Alison , Schwartz Carolyn E. , Bulone Linda , Kemeny Margaret 
Published: September 2017

HighlightsCommunity‐based participatory research project.Worked with the public library system to undertake programs to address cancer screening and risk behavior.Implemented in 20 large urban neighborhoods over 48 months.Event‐history regressions (n = 9374) showed adherence outcomes were linked with program implementation.Intervention impacted health behavior in diverse underserved and vulnerable neighborhoods.
Triploid twin gestation with single fetal demise associated with partial mole and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Okumura Maria , Fushida Koji , Francisco Rossana Pulcineli Vieira , Schultz Regina , Zugaib Marcelo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBoth partial mole and twin gestation are conditions associated with the risk of the early onset of pre‐eclampsia. In cases of twin gestation, the death or selective termination of a severely growth‐restricted fetus may lead to the reversal of maternal pre‐eclampsia because of the involution or death of the pathological placenta, as has been reported by some authors. This case demonstrates that in a twin triploid gestation, in spite of the demise of one of the fetuses, the respective partial molar placenta can continue to grow and may contribute to the development or to the worsening of the pre‐eclampsia.
Ether auf Si(001): Ein Paradebeispiel für die Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen Oberflächenwissenschaften und organischer Molekülchemie
Authors: Pecher Lisa , Laref Slimane , Raupach Marc , Tonner Ralf 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWir zeigen mit quantenchemischen Methoden, dass sich die Adsorption von Ether‐Molekülen auf Si(001) im Ultrahochvakuum durch klassische Konzepte der organischen Molekülchemie verstehen lässt. Wie unsere detaillierte Analyse zeigt, spiegelt der zweistufige Mechanismus – 1) Ausbildung einer dativen Bindung zwischen dem Sauerstoffatom am Ether und einem Lewis‐sauren Oberflächenatom, 2) nukleophiler Angriff eines nahegelegenen Lewis‐basischen Oberflächenatoms – die säurekatalysierte Etherspaltung in Lösung wider. Zudem ist die dative O‐Si‐Bindung die stärkste ihrer Art und die Reaktivität in Schritt 2 verläuft entgegen dem Bell‐Evans‐Polanyi‐Prinzip. Mithilfe einer neuartigen Methode der Bindungsanalyse wird außerdem die Umverteilung von Elektronendichte während des C‐O‐Bindungsbruchs visualisiert. Hierbei wird deutlich, dass der Mechanismus nukleophiler Substitutionen auf Halbleiteroberflächen identisch zu molekularen SN2‐Reaktionen ist. Unsere Untersuchungen verdeutlichen, wie die Forschungsfelder der Oberflächenwissenschaften und Molekülchemie voneinander profitieren können und so unerwartete Einblicke ermöglichen.
The Thermodynamic Basis of the Fuzzy Interaction of an Intrinsically Disordered Protein
Authors: Hadži San , Mernik Andrej , Podlipnik Črtomir , Loris Remy , Lah Jurij 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMany intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP) that fold upon binding retain conformational heterogeneity in IDP‐target complexes. The thermodynamics of such fuzzy interactions is poorly understood. Herein we introduce a thermodynamic framework, based on analysis of ITC and CD spectroscopy data, that provides experimental descriptions of IDP association in terms of folding and binding contributions which can be predicted using sequence folding propensities and molecular modeling. We show how IDP can modulate the entropy and enthalpy by adapting their bound‐state structural ensemble to achieve optimal binding. This is explained in terms of a free‐energy landscape that provides the relationship between free‐energy, sequence folding propensity, and disorder. The observed “fuzzy” behavior is possible because of IDP flexibility and also because backbone and side‐chain interactions are, to some extent, energetically decoupled allowing IDP to minimize energetically unfavorable folding.