bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and psychometric properties of the Hookah Smoking Initiation for Women Questionnaire (HIWQ)
Authors: Shahbazi Sighaldeh S , Baheiraei A , Ebadi A , Khaki I , Kelishadi R , Majdzadeh R 
Published: November 2017

Summary
The aims of this study were to design the Hookah Smoking Initiation for Women Questionnaire (HIWQ) and determine its psychometric properties. This was a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design consisting of qualitative and quantitative phases. This study was conducted from August 2012 to July 2013 in Tehran. In the qualitative phase, semi-structured interviews were held with 36 Iranian women for developing a preliminary item pool. Consequently, during the quantitative phase, the psychometric properties of the questionnaire were determined with the collaboration of 323 women living in various geographical locations in Tehran, Iran. Content validity of the questionnaire was examined by a panel of experts. The questionnaire’s construct validity was assessed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analyses. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was calculated to check the questionnaire’s internal consistency reliability. Moreover, its stability was tested using the test–retest method. Exploratory factor analysis indicated that the HIQW could best be explained by a six-factor solution: ‘drawing the attention of other people’, the need to having fun and being relaxed, ‘hookah smoking in the family’, ‘availability of hookah’, ‘curiosity’ and ‘having a positive attitude toward hookah’. It also was found that the construct and content validity, and the reliability of the questionnaire were satisfactory (α = 0.83, ICC = 0.94). The HIQW was valid and reliable. Therefore, healthcare professionals can use it for evaluating the hookah smoking initiation in women. Future studies are required to refine this questionnaire and assess its applicability in different cultures and contexts.
Higher Moments of Arithmetic Functions in Short Intervals: A Geometric Perspective
Authors: Hast Daniel Rayor , Matei Vlad 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We study the geometry associated to the distribution of certain arithmetic functions, including the von Mangoldt function and the Möbius function, in short intervals of polynomials over a finite field $\mathbb{F}_{q}$. Using the Grothendieck–Lefschetz trace formula, we reinterpret each moment of these distributions as a point-counting problem on a highly singular complete intersection variety. We compute part of the ℓ-adic cohomology of these varieties, corresponding to an asymptotic bound on each moment for fixed degree n in the limit as $q \to \infty $. The results of this paper can be viewed as a geometric explanation for asymptotic results that can be proved using analytic number theory over function fields.
Incidence trends, rates, and ethnic variations of primary CNS tumors in Texas from 1995 to 2013
Authors: Ambe Solomon N , Lyon Kristopher A , Nizamutdinov Damir , Fonkem Ekokobe 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Background
Although rare, primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Texas is a representative sample of the United States population given its large population, ethnic disparities, geographic variations, and socio-economic differences. This study used Texas data to determine if variations in incidence trends and rates exist among different ethnicities in Texas.

Methods
Data from the Texas Cancer Registry from 1995 to 2013 were examined. Joinpoint Regression Program software was used to obtain the incidence trends and SEER*Stat software was used to produce average annual age-adjusted incidence rates for both nonmalignant and malignant tumors in Texas from 2009 to 2013.

Results
The incidence trend of malignant primary CNS tumors in whites was stable from 1995 to 2002, after which the annual percent change decreased by 0.99% through 2013 (95% CI, -1.4, -0.5; P = .04). Blacks and Asian/Pacific Islanders showed unchanged incidence trends from 1995 to 2013. Hispanics had an annual percent change of -0.83 (95% CI, -1.4, -0.2; P = .009) per year from 1995 through 2013. From 2009 to 2013, the incidence rates of nonmalignant and malignant primary CNS tumors were highest among blacks, followed by whites, Hispanics, Asians, and American Indians/Alaskan Natives.

Conclusions
Consistent with the 2016 Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States report, the black population in Texas showed the highest total incidence of CNS tumors of any other race studied. Many factors have been proposed to account for the observed differences in incidence rate including geography, socioeconomic factors, and poverty factors, although the evidence for these external factors is lacking.
Risk Factors for Clinician-Diagnosed Lyme Arthritis, Facial Palsy, Carditis, and Meningitis in Patients From High-Incidence States
Authors: Kwit Natalie A , Nelson Christina A , Max Ryan , Mead Paul S 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundClinical features of Lyme disease (LD) range from localized skin lesions to serious disseminated disease. Information on risk factors for Lyme arthritis, facial palsy, carditis, and meningitis is limited but could facilitate disease recognition and elucidate pathophysiology.MethodsPatients from high-incidence states treated for LD during 2005–2014 were identified in a nationwide insurance claims database using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for LD (088.81), antibiotic treatment history, and clinically compatible codiagnosis codes for LD manifestations.ResultsAmong 88022 unique patients diagnosed with LD, 5122 (5.8%) patients with 5333 codiagnoses were identified: 2440 (2.8%) arthritis, 1853 (2.1%) facial palsy, 534 (0.6%) carditis, and 506 (0.6%) meningitis. Patients with disseminated LD had lower median age (35 vs 42 years) and higher male proportion (61% vs 50%) than nondisseminated LD. Greatest differential risks included arthritis in males aged 10–14 years (odds ratio [OR], 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.0–4.2), facial palsy (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6–2.7) and carditis (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.6–3.6) in males aged 20–24 years, and meningitis in females aged 10–14 years (OR, 3.4; 95% CI, 2.1–5.5) compared to the 55–59 year referent age group. Males aged 15–29 years had the highest risk for complete heart block, a potentially fatal condition.ConclusionsThe risk and manifestations of disseminated LD vary by age and sex. Provider education regarding at-risk populations and additional investigations into pathophysiology could enhance early case recognition and improve patient management.
Antibody and B Cell Subset Perturbations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Uninfected Patients With Cryptococcosis
Authors: Rohatgi Soma , Nakouzi Antonio , Carreño Leandro J , Slosar-Cheah Magdalena , Kuniholm Mark H , Wang Tao , Pappas Peter G , Pirofski Liise-anne 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The importance of antibody immunity in protection against Cryptococcus neoformans remains unresolved. We measured serum C neoformans-specific and total antibody levels and peripheral blood B cell subsets of 12 previously healthy patients with cryptococcosis (cases) and 21 controls. Before and after adjustment for age, sex, and race, cryptococcal capsular polysaccharide immunoglobulin G was higher in cases than controls, whereas total B and memory B cell levels were lower. These associations parallel previous findings in patients with human immunodeficiency virus-associated cryptococcosis and suggest that B cell subset perturbations may also associate with disease in previously normal individuals with cryptococcosis.
Trans-sylvian Approach to Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia in Syndromic Cranial Base Settling
Authors: Sarkar Mrityunjoy , Pillai Ashok 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND IMPORTANCE
The lateral suboccipital approach for microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve has become a standard-of-care over the past several decades. Syndromic cranial base settling, a rare but known cause for trigeminal neuralgia (TN), poses significant dilemmas in clinical management. In such cases, distorted anatomy may render surgery via the suboccipital approach difficult or even impossible.

CLINICAL PRESENTATION
A 34-yr-old male with osteogenesis imperfecta and severe basilar invagination suffered from TN that was refractory to medication and stereotactic radiosurgery. MVD of the fifth nerve root was performed via a pterional trans-sylvian approach after 3-dimensional trajectory modeling suggested the feasibility of this approach. He experienced complete resolution of TN and remains free of both pain and medications after 18 mo of follow-up.

CONCLUSION
This microsurgical trajectory, previously undescribed for TN, provides good visualization of the trigeminal root entry zone, thereby offering an excellent surgical option for severe TN in the setting of abnormal posterior fossa anatomy.
The Emergence of the Rehabilitative Strategy
Authors: Caracheo Armando , Bickenbach Jerome , Stucki Gerold 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The aim of this essay was to show the impact that driving forces have had on the emergence of rehabilitation as a health strategy in the United States. Specifically, this essay (1) identifies the driving forces that have addressed the development of rehabilitation, (2) examines how the rehabilitative strategy has been driven by the driving forces through turning points and facilitators, and (3) identifies the barriers of each force against the development of rehabilitation. Critical and scoping review of the literature was conducted from the late 1910s until the end of the century. War, economy, the power of the state, and science were identified as the driving forces that led rehabilitation to become a health strategy complementing prevention, promotion, cure, and palliation. World War I and II played as a stimulus for rehabilitation, federal funding facilitated its development, acts, amendments, and governmental programs enabled its implementation, and the acknowledgment of physical medicine and rehabilitation as medical field contributed to its international recognition as health strategy. World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is also identified as an emerging facilitator of rehabilitation. Based on the example of United States, this article closes with recommendations toward the implementation of rehabilitation as a health strategy in countries where so far this has not occurred.
Lymphoma Involving Skin and Subcutaneous Fat of the Breast
Authors: Kwon Miri , Ko Eun Young , Han Boo-Kyung , Ko Young Hye , Cho Eun Yoon , Cho Soo Youn , Kim Shin Young 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Breast lymphoma is uncommon, and it usually involves breast parenchyma and ipsilateral axillary lymph nodes. We report rare cases of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma involving the skin and subcutaneous fat layers mimicking panniculitis of the breasts in a 33-year-old male patient who presented with a growing palpable mass and pain in both breasts and in 17-year-old female patient who presented with an indolent palpable breast mass for 1 year. Extranodal natural killer/T-cell nasal-type and subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphomas were diagnosed after skin punch biopsies. Here we report the clinical manifestations, mammographic and ultrasound findings, and the difficulties in histological diagnosis of the cases.
Cleidocranial Dysplasia: A Review of Clinical, Radiological, Genetic Implications and a Guidelines Proposal
Authors: Farrow Emilie , Nicot Romain , Wiss Axel , Laborde Amélie , Ferri Joël 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In this review, we aimed to depict the clinical, radiological, and genetic features of cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) and to suggest management guidelines, based on our experience of 8 cases, with an emphasis given to dental complications.
The most common craniofacial features of CCD that stand out are a patency of the anterior fontanelle, an inverted pear-shaped calvaria, a hypertelorism, a general midface retrusion, and a mandible prognathism, associated with an excessive mobility of the shoulders, a short stature, and teeth abnormalities such as supernumerary teeth and failure of eruption, in particular. RUNX2 is the only gene in which mutation is known to cause CCD, but mutations are detected in only 65% of all patients with a clinical diagnosis of CCD. Panoramic radiography is a valuable adjunct in confirming the diagnosis of CCD.
Our experience allowed us to conclude that orthodontically aided eruption should always be attempted. However, to stabilize the occlusion and to improve facial esthetics, we recommend associated orthognathic surgery. When orthodontic treatment is partially efficient, prosthetic treatment options bring satisfactory results, in terms of occlusion. Nevertheless, when orthodontic treatment fails, we recommend to preserve as many native teeth as possible, and to combine orthognathic preprosthetic surgery and implant-supported prosthesis.
In any case, an individualized treatment protocol, depending on the needs and demand of the patient, the age at diagnosis and social and economic circumstances, should be put forward.
The Generation and Propagation of the Human Alpha Rhythm
Authors: Halgren Mila , Ulbert István , Bastuji Hélène , Fabó Dániel , Erőss Lorand , Rey Marc , Devinsky Orrin , Doyle Werner K. , Mak-McCully Rachel , Halgren Eric , Wittner Lucia , Chauvel Patrick , Heit Gary , Eskandar Emad , Mandell Arnold , Cash Sydney S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe alpha rhythm is the longest studied brain oscillation and has been theorized to play a key role in cognition. Still, its physiology is poorly understood. In this study, we used micro and macro electrodes in surgical epilepsy patients to measure the intracortical and thalamic generators of the alpha rhythm during quiet wakefulness. We first found that alpha in posterior cortex propagates from higher-order anterosuperior areas towards the occipital pole, consistent with alpha effecting top-down processing. This cortical alpha leads pulvinar alpha, complicating prevailing theories of a thalamic pacemaker. Finally, alpha is dominated by currents and firing in supragranular cortical layers. Together, these results suggest that the alpharhythm likely reflects short-range supragranular feedback which propagates from higher to lower-order cortex and cortex to thalamus. These physiological insights suggest how alpha could mediate feedback throughout the thalamocortical system.
Length and time scales of cell-cell signaling circuits in agar
Authors: Doong Joy , Parkin James , Murray Richard M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA community of genetically heterogeneous cells embedded in an unmixed medium allows for sophisticated operations by retaining spatial differentiation and coordinating division-of-labor. To establish the principles of engineering reliable cell-cell communication in a heterogeneous environment, we examined how circuit parameters and spatial placement affect the range of length and time scales over which simple communication circuits interact. We constructed several “sender” and “receiver” strains with quorum-sensing signaling circuits. The sender cell colony produces acyl homoserine lactones (AHL), which diffuse across the semisolid medium. The receiver cell colony detects these signal molecules and reports by fluorescence. We have found that a single colony of one sender variant is sufficient to induce receiver response at more than 1.5cm separation. Furthermore, AHL degradase expression in receiver colonies produces a signal threshold effect and reduces the response level in subsequent receiver colonies. Finally, our investigation on the spatial placement of colonies gave rise to the design of a multicellular long-range communication array consisting of two alternating colony types. Its signal response successfully propagated colony-by-colony along a six-colony array spanning 4.8cm at a transmission velocity of 12.8 hours per colony or 0.075cm per hour. In addition, we have developed a reaction-diffusion model that recreates the observed behaviors of the many performed experiments using data-informed parameter estimates of signal diffusion, gene expression, and nutrient consumption. These results demonstrate that a mixed community of colonies can enable new patterning programs, and the corresponding model will facilitate the rational design of complex communication networks.
Species comparison of liver proteomes reveals links to naked mole-rat longevity and human aging
Authors: Heinze Ivonne , Bens Martin , Calzia Enrico , Holtze Susanne , Dakhovnik Oleksandr , Sahm Arne , Kirkpatrick Joanna M. , Szafranski Karol , Romanov Natalie , Holzer Kerstin , Singer Stephan , Ermolaeva Maria , Platzer Matthias , Hildebrandt Thomas , Ori Alessandro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMammals display wide range of variation in their lifespan. Investigating the molecular networks that distinguish long-from short-lived species has proven useful to identify determinants of longevity. Here, we compared the liver of long-lived naked mole-rats (NMRs) and the phylogenetically closely related, shorter-lived, guinea pigs using an integrated omic approach. We found that NMRs livers display a unique expression pattern of mitochondrial proteins that result in distinct metabolic features of their mitochondria. For instance, we observed a generally reduced respiration rate associated with lower protein levels of respiratory chain components, particularly complex I, and increased capacity to utilize fatty acids. Interestingly, we show that the same molecular networks are affected during aging in both NMR and humans, supporting a direct link to the extraordinary longevity of both species. Finally, we identified a novel longevity pathway and validated it experimentally in the nematodeC. elegans.
Cholesterol Synthesis Pathway Genes in Prostate Cancer are consistently downregulated when tissue confounding is minimized
Authors: Rye Morten Beck , Bertilsson Helena , Andersen Maria K. , Rise Kjersti , Bathen Tone F. , Drabløs Finn , Tessem May-Britt 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe relationship between cholesterol and prostate cancer has been extensively studied for decades, where high levels of cellular cholesterol are generally associated with cancer progression and less favorable outcomes. However, the role of in vivo cellular cholesterol synthesis in this process is unclear, and data on the transcriptional activity of cholesterol synthesis pathway genes in tissue from prostate cancer patients are inconsistent. A common problem with cancer tissue data from patient cohorts is the presence of heterogeneous tissue which confounds molecular analysis of the samples. In this study we present a method to minimize systematic confounding from stroma tissue in seven patient cohorts consisting of 1713 prostate cancer and 230 normal tissue samples. When confounding was minimized, differential gene expression analysis over all cohorts showed robust and consistent downregulation of nearly all genes in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Additional analysis also identified cholesterol synthesis as the most significantly altered metabolic pathway in prostate cancer. This surprising observation is important for our understanding of how prostate cancer cells regulate cholesterol levels in vivo. Moreover, we show that tissue heterogeneity explains the lack of consistency in previous expression analysis of cholesterol synthesis genes in prostate cancer.
Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase suppression induce human tau phosphorylation by increasing whole body glucose levels in aC.elegansmodel of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ahmad Waqar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe microtubule associated tau protein becomes hyperphosphorylated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While hyperphosphorylation promotes neurodegeneration, the cause and consequences of this abnormal modification are poorly understood. As impaired energy metabolism is an important hallmark of AD progression, we tested whether it could trigger phosphorylation of human tau protein in a transgenicC. elegansmodel of AD. We found that inhibition of a mitochondrial enzyme of energy metabolism, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) resulted in elevated whole-body glucose levels as well as increased phosphorylation of tau. Hyperglycemia and tau phosphorylation were induced by either epigenetic suppression of thedld-1gene or by inhibition of the DLD enzyme by the inhibitor, 2-methoxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (MICA). Although the calcium ionophore A23187 could reduce tau phosphorylation induced by either chemical or genetic suppression of DLD, it was unable to reduce tau phosphorylation induced by hyperglycemia. While inhibition of thedld-1gene or treatment with MICA partially reversed the inhibition of acetylcholine neurotransmission by tau, neither treatment affected tau inhibited mobility. Conclusively, any abnormalities in energy metabolism were found to significantly affect the AD disease pathology.
Bayesian adaptive stimulus selection for dissociating models of psychophysical data
Authors: Cooke James R. H. , Selen Luc P. J. , van Beers Robert J. , Medendorp W. Pieter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractComparing models facilitates testing different hypotheses regarding the computational basis of perception and action. Effective model comparison requires stimuli for which models make different predictions. Typically, experiments use a predetermined set of stimuli or sample stimuli randomly. Both methods have limitations; a predetermined set may not contain stimuli that dissociate the models whereas random sampling may be inefficient. To overcome these limitations, we expanded the psi-algorithm (Kontsevich & Tyler, 1999) from estimating the parameters of a psychometric curve to distinguishing models. To test our algorithm, we applied it to two distinct problems. First, we investigated dissociating sensory noise models. We simulated ideal observers with different noise models performing a 2-afc task. Stimuli were selected randomly or using our algorithm. We found using our algorithm improved the accuracy of model comparison. We also validated the algorithm in subjects by inferring which noise model underlies speed perception. Our algorithm converged quickly to the model previously proposed (Stocker & Simoncelli, 2006), whereas if stimuli were selected randomly model probabilities separated slower and sometimes supported alternative models. Second, we applied our algorithm to a different problem; comparing models of target selection under body acceleration. Previous work found target choice preference is modulated by whole body acceleration (Rincon-Gonzalez et al., 2016). However, the effect is subtle making model comparison difficult. We show that selecting stimuli adaptively could have led to stronger conclusions in model comparison. We conclude that our technique is more efficient and more reliable than current methods of stimulus selection for dissociating models.Data AvailabilityAll data and code will be posted on our institutional repository system following acceptance. In the meantime feel free to contact the authors if you would like any of the code.