bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Let Tiebout pick up the tab: Pricing out externalities with free mobility
Authors: Watanabe Hiroki 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFree mobility has not been thought of as an effective tool to correct over‐ or underproduction of externalities. In this paper, we establish that foot voting can internalize the cost of negative externalities. Workers have to accept the wage and rent, however high or low these values are in equilibrium, if they cannot relocate. In reality, workers are mobile and they can effectively influence the equilibrium wage and rent to reflect the externalities by threatening to walk away if the current externalities are at an intolerable level. In an economy with free mobility, firms indirectly pay for the damage in the form of an increased labor or land cost and thus the externalities are partially internalized. We specify the condition under which a mobile economy is efficient in the presence of externalities, and discuss potential policy implications of our findings.
Sensory overload: A concept analysis
Authors: Scheydt Stefan , Müller Staub Maria , Frauenfelder Fritz , Nielsen Gunnar H. , Behrens Johann , Needham Ian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the context of mental disorders sensory overload is a widely described phenomenon used in conjunction with psychiatric interventions such as removal from stimuli. However, the theoretical foundation of sensory overload as addressed in the literature can be described as insufficient and fragmentary. To date, the concept of sensory overload has not yet been sufficiently specified or analyzed. The aim of the study was to analyze the concept of sensory overload in mental health care. A literature search was undertaken using specific electronic databases, specific journals and websites, hand searches, specific library catalogues, and electronic publishing databases. Walker and Avant's method of concept analysis was used to analyze the sources included in the analysis. All aspects of the method of Walker and Avant were covered in this concept analysis. The conceptual understanding has become more focused, the defining attributes, influencing factors and consequences are described and empirical referents identified. The concept analysis is a first step in the development of a middle‐range descriptive theory of sensory overload based on social scientific and stress‐theoretical approaches. This specification may serve as a fundament for further research, for the development of a nursing diagnosis or for guidelines.
Bundling and product strategy in channel competition
Authors: Shao Lingzhi , Li Sijie 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigate the bundling and product strategy in a two‐stage supply chain with the channel competition, and analyze the effect of the bundling strategy on the behavior of supply chain members. In this paper, we consider two situations of channel competitions that are from the external or internal of the supply chain, two types of selling strategies (bundling or unbundling), and two types of product strategies (low or high quality). We propose the game models for different competition situations with the bundling strategy and product‐quality strategy to obtain the optimal decisions for supply chain members. We find that the bundling is the retailer's preferred strategy in two channel competitions; the bundling strategy encourages the competitor (i.e., the new supplier of complementary component) outside the supply chain to provide the low‐quality components, while the product strategy of the channel competitor (i.e., the existing supplier of complementary component) in the supply chain is not affected by the bundling strategy.
Discovering the migration and non‐breeding areas of sand martins and house martins breeding in the Pannonian basin (central‐eastern Europe)
Authors: Szép Tibor , Liechti Felix , Nagy Károly , Nagy Zsolt , Hahn Steffen 
Published: February 2017

The central‐eastern European populations of sand martin and house martin have declined in the last decades. The drivers for this decline cannot be identified as long as the whereabouts of these long distance migrants remain unknown outside the breeding season. Ringing recoveries of sand martins from central‐eastern Europe are widely scattered in the Mediterranean basin and in Africa, suggesting various migration routes and a broad non‐breeding range. The European populations of house martins are assumed to be longitudinally separated across their non‐breeding range and thus narrow population‐specific non‐breeding areas are expected. By using geolocators, we identified for the first time, the migration routes and non‐breeding areas of sand martins (n = 4) and house martins (n = 5) breeding in central‐eastern Europe.In autumn, the Carpathian Bend and northern parts of the Balkan Peninsula serve as important pre‐migration areas for both species. All individuals crossed the Mediterranean Sea from Greece to Libya. Sand martins spent the non‐breeding season in northern Cameroon and the Lake Chad Basin, within less than a 700 km radius, while house martins were widely scattered in three distinct regions in central, eastern, and southern Africa. Thus, for both species, the expected strength of migratory connectivity could not be confirmed.House martins, but not sand martins, migrated about twice as fast in spring compared to autumn. The spring migration started with a net average speed of > 400 km d–1 for sand martins, and > 800 km d–1 for house martins. However, both species used several stopover sites for 0.5–4 d and were stationary for nearly half of their spring migration. Arrival at breeding grounds was mainly related to departure from the last sub‐Saharan non‐breeding site rather than distance, route, or stopovers. We assume a strong carry‐over effect on timing in spring.
Evolutionary associations between host traits and parasite load: insights from Lake Tanganyika cichlids
Authors: Hayward A. , Tsuboi M. , Owusu C. , Kotrschal A. , Buechel S. D. , Zidar J. , Cornwallis C. K. , Løvlie H. , Kolm N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractParasite diversity and abundance (parasite load) vary greatly among host species. However, the influence of host traits on variation in parasitism remains poorly understood. Comparative studies of parasite load have largely examined measures of parasite species richness and are predominantly based on records obtained from published data. Consequently, little is known about the relationships between host traits and other aspects of parasite load, such as parasite abundance, prevalence and aggregation. Meanwhile, understanding of parasite species richness may be clouded by limitations associated with data collation from multiple independent sources. We conducted a field study of Lake Tanganyika cichlid fishes and their helminth parasites. Using a Bayesian phylogenetic comparative framework, we tested evolutionary associations between five key host traits (body size, gut length, diet breadth, habitat complexity and number of sympatric hosts) predicted to influence parasitism, together with multiple measures of parasite load. We find that the number of host species that a particular host may encounter due to its habitat preferences emerges as a factor of general importance for parasite diversity, abundance and prevalence, but not parasite aggregation. In contrast, body size and gut size are positively related to aspects of parasite load within, but not between species. The influence of host phylogeny varies considerably among measures of parasite load, with the greatest influence exerted on parasite diversity. These results reveal that both host morphology and biotic interactions are key determinants of host–parasite associations and that consideration of multiple aspects of parasite load is required to fully understand patterns in parasitism.
Endodontic Irrigation Protocols: Effects on Bonding of Adhesive Systems to Coronal Enamel and Dentin
Authors: Carvalho Marcos Paulo Marchiori , Morari Victor Hugo Carvalho , Susin Alexandre Henrique , Rocha Rachel De Oliveira , Valandro Luiz Felipe , Soares Fabio Zovico Maxnuck 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTObjective To evaluate the influence of endodontic irrigation protocols on bond strength of total‐etch and self‐etch adhesive systems to coronal enamel and dentin.Materials and Methods A total of 66 coronal slices from 11 permanent molars were assigned to six groups (n = 11): endodontic irrigation protocols (5% sodium hypochlorite + 17% EDTA; 2% chlorhexidine gel + saline solution + 17% EDTA or no solution − control) and adhesive systems (Adper Single Bond 2 or Clearfil SE Bond). Dental slices were exposed to endodontic irrigation protocols for 30‐minute prior to the application of the adhesive systems. Starch tubes were placed over the enamel and the dentin surfaces of each slice (2–4 tubes in each substrate) and filled with Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE) to build the microshear bond strength (µSBS) specimens (0.72 mm2 sectional area). After 24 hours of water storage (37°C), µSBS test was performed. Bond strength data (MPa) were analyzed by two‐way ANOVA, separately for enamel and dentin (α = 0.05).Results µSBS means were not influenced by endodontic irrigation protocols in enamel (p = 0.12) nor dentin (p = 0.49). Clearfil SE Bond system presented higher µSBS values than Adper Single Bond 2 both on enamel (p = 0.024) and dentin (p = 0.005).Conclusion Endodontic irrigation protocols (5% sodium hypochlorite or 2% chlorhexidine gel + saline solution combined with 17% EDTA) do not jeopardize the bond strength of adhesive systems to coronal enamel and dentin.Clinical SignificanceThe results of this in vitro study suggest that endodontic irrigation protocols do not impair on bonding effectiveness of adhesive systems to coronal enamel and dentin. (J Esthet Restor Dent 29:222–228, 2017)
Inhibitory effect of novel thioflavone derivatives against foodborne and spoilage microbes on fresh fruit
Authors: Jang Miran , Kim Gun‐Hee 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this study, the antimicrobial activities of four thioflavones against foodborne and food spoilage bacteria (Three Gram‐positive and Five Gram‐negative bacteria) and one fungus were assessed. Antimicrobial effects of the thioflavones were evaluated using broth micro‐dilution and agar dilution assays. We generated survival curves based on the kinetics of bacterial inactivation after 24 hr of thioflavone exposure. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for the microorganisms tested were 8–120 μg/mL. The minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were 60–120 μg/mL. We evaluated three novel thioflavone derivatives and found that they exhibited strong antimicrobial activities against most of the microorganisms tested. In an in vivo antifungal study, thioflavone treatments reduced fungal decay, and 4'‐chloro‐thioflavone at a concentration of 120 μg/mL showed complete control of Rhizopus sp. in wound‐inoculated fruit.Practical applicationsThere is an urgent need for the development of new classes of antimicrobial compounds and the new thioflavone derivatives represent such a development. Thioflavones are sulfur‐containing flavones that inhibit the growth of foodborne pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms. Foodborne spoilage by bacteria or fungi cause postharvest decay and rapid deterioration, which affects the quality and shortens the shelf life of fruits and vegetables. We believe that these new thioflavone derivatives provide a viable alternative as a food preservative can extend shelf life of fruits and vegetables.
Study of Individualization and Bias in Nursing Home Fall Prevention Practices
Authors: Colón‐Emeric Cathleen S. , Corazzini Kirsten , McConnell Eleanor , Pan Wei , Toles Mark , Hall Rasheeda , Batchelor‐Murphy Melissa , Yap Tracey L. , Anderson Amber L. , Burd Andrew , Anderson Ruth A. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesLittle is known about how nursing home staff use resident characteristics to individualize care delivery or whether care is affected by implicit bias.DesignRandomized factorial clinical vignette survey.SettingSixteen nursing homes in North Carolina.ParticipantsNursing, rehabilitation, and social services staff (n = 433).MeasurementsVignettes describing hypothetical residents were generated from a matrix of clinical and demographic characteristics. Resident age, race and gender were suggested by a photo. Participants completed up to four randomly assigned vignettes (n = 1615), rating the likelihood that 12 fall prevention activities would be used for the resident. Fixed and random effects mixed model analysis examined the impact of vignette resident characteristics and staff characteristics on four intervention categories.ResultsStaff reported a higher likelihood of fall prevention activities in all four categories for residents with a prior fall (0.2–0.5 points higher, 10 point scale, P < 0.05), but other risk factors did not affect scores. There was little evidence of individualization; only dementia increased the reported likelihood of environmental modification (0.3, P < 0.001, 95% CI 0.2–0.5). Individualization did not vary with staff licensure category or clinical experience. Registered nurses consistently reported higher likelihoods of all fall prevention activities than did licensed practical nurses, unlicensed staff and other professional staff (1.0–2.7 points, P < 0.001 to 0.005). There was a small degree of implicit racial bias; staff indicated that environmental modification would be less likely to occur in otherwise identical vignettes including a photo of a black rather than a white resident (−0.2 points, 95% CI −0.3 to −0.1).ConclusionNursing home staff report a standardized approach to fall prevention without individualization. We found a small impact from implicit racial bias that should be further explored.
Distinguishing subtypes of extrinsic motivation among people with mild to borderline intellectual disability
Authors: Frielink N. , Schuengel C. , Embregts P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundAccording to self‐determination theory, motivation is ordered in types, including amotivation, extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation. Self‐determination theory defines four subtypes of extrinsic motivation: external motivation, introjected motivation, identified motivation and integrated motivation. Although it has been argued theoretically that the different types of motivation are universally applicable, Reid et al. () proposed a dichotomy of broad subtypes of extrinsic motivation for people with intellectual disability (ID) due to their cognitive limitations. The current study challenges this proposal by testing whether the four subtypes of extrinsic motivation can be differentiated among people with ID as well.MethodThe subtypes of extrinsic motivation were measured using two adapted versions of the Self‐Regulation Questionnaire, one regarding exercise and one regarding support. In total, 186 adults with mild to borderline ID participated in the study.ResultsResults supported the distinction between the four subtypes of extrinsic motivation regarding both exercise and support. In addition, the correlation coefficients supported a quasi‐simplex pattern of correlations among the subtypes, indicating that adjacent subtypes were more closely related than non‐adjacent subtypes. Moreover, the study showed sufficient Cronbach's alphas and test–retest reliabilities for early stage research.ConclusionsOverall, the results of the current study provide initial evidence for the universality of the four subtypes of extrinsic motivation across populations with and without ID.
Teres major muscle – insertion footprint
Authors: Dancker Malte , Lambert Simon , Brenner Erich 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTeres major muscle (TM) and latissimus dorsi muscle (LD) are frequently used in muscle transfers around the shoulder girdle. Some authors have suggested harvesting techniques in which the muscle is detached in continuity with a bone segment. Information on the bony attachment footprint of these muscles is lacking. The purpose of this study was to investigate the region of attachment of the TM to facilitate safe and complete harvesting with a bone segment where it is indicated, and to determine the relationship of the TM footprint with that of the LD. Twenty‐eight upper extremities of 14 human cadavers (six female, eight male) were investigated during the students’ dissection course in the winter term 2012. The attachment footprints were photographed and the images were processed with ImageJ Version 1.46r. The TM attachment footprint at the crest of the lesser tubercle had an average dimension of 187 ± 89 mm2. It was 49.6 ± 7.9 mm long and 7.4 ± 2.5 mm wide. The bony attachment of the LD within the bicipital groove, just below the tendon of the long head of the biceps muscle, had an area of 94 ± 37 mm2. It was 36.5 ± 8 mm long and 3.7 ± 1.2 mm wide. Both muscles were separated by 4.4 ± 1.7 mm and their attachments overlapped in the craniocaudal direction by 24.4 ± 12.4 mm. Earlier studies have investigated the dimensions of the muscles’ tendons close to the attachment not the bony attachment itself. The dimension of the attachment of the TM was larger than that of the LD. The ratio between the footprint areas was approximately 2:1. This information should be considered by surgeons undertaking transfers, which include a bony segment of the muscle insertion.
The Scaffolding Activities of International Returnee Executives: A Learning Based Perspective of Global Boundary Spanning
Authors: Roberts Michael J.D. , Beamish Paul W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study contributes to the literature on global boundary spanning by taking a learning perspective that positions the boundary spanner as an active change agent. Grounded in a practice‐based theory of knowledge, it considers boundary spanning as the negotiation of knowledge and relationships across fields of practice. We argue that global boundary spanning is a long‐term commitment to help internal members become aware of foreign knowledge practices, see these practices as valuable, and adopt them internally. We frame the activities of the boundary spanner within a scaffolding framework that theorizes boundary spanning as a combination of ability, persistent willingness, and opportunity. Here scaffolding refers to the cognitive, relational, and material supports enacted by boundary spanners that facilitate organization members’ engagement in practices that allow for the awareness, capacity building, and commitment to adoption of foreign practices. We draw on interviews from international returnee managers employed in large Korean financial firms.
Relationship between HBsAg, HBcrAg and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with undetectable HBV DNA under nucleos(t)ide therapy
Authors: Cheung K.‐S. , Seto W.‐K. , Wong D. K.‐H. , Lai C.‐L. , Yuen M.‐F. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWe examined the relationship between hepatitis B surface and core‐related antigens (HBsAg, HBcrAg) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development in patients with undetectable serum HBV DNA receiving nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA). Seventy‐six HBV carriers with undetectable HBV DNA (<20 IU/mL) who subsequently developed HCC were compared with 152 matched controls. Clinical and laboratory parameters (including novel assays to measure linearized HBsAg [HQ‐HBsAg] and HBcrAg) were analysed. There were no significant differences in HBsAg/HQ‐HBsAg levels between the two groups. There was a significant difference in the median values of both pre‐ and post‐NA HBcrAg levels between the HCC and control groups (pre‐treatment: 279.0 vs 35.4 kU/mL, P=.005; post‐treatment: 10.2 vs 1.7 kU/mL, P=.005, respectively). For the whole HCC group, a cut‐off value of post‐treatment HBcrAg level ≥7.8 kU/mL yielded an area under receiver operating curve (AUROC) of 0.61 with a negative predictive value (NPV) of 77.0%. The OR of HCC development was 3.27. For noncirrhotic patients, the median values of post‐treatment HBcrAg level of HCC group and controls were 10.2 and 1.0 kU/mL, respectively (P=.001). A cut‐off value of HBcrAg level ≥7.9 kU/mL yielded an AUROC of 0.70 with a NPV of 80.6%. The OR of HCC development was 5.95. A higher pre‐ and post‐NA treatment HBcrAg level (but not HBsAg) was associated with an increased risk of HCC development in patients achieving undetectable serum HBV DNA while on NA therapy. HBcrAg may serve as a novel risk marker for HCC in this group of patients.
Post‐translational modification directs nuclear and hyphal tip localization of Candida albicans mRNA‐binding protein Slr1
Authors: Ariyachet Chaiyaboot , Beißel Christian , Li Xiang , Lorrey Selena , Mackenzie Olivia , Martin Patrick M. , O'Brien Katharine , Pholcharee Tossapol , Sim Sue , Krebber Heike , McBride Anne E. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe morphological transition of the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans from budding to hyphal growth has been implicated in its ability to cause disease in animal models. Absence of SR‐like RNA‐binding protein Slr1 slows hyphal formation and decreases virulence in a systemic candidiasis model, suggesting a role for post‐transcriptional regulation in these processes. SR (serine–arginine)‐rich proteins influence multiple steps in mRNA metabolism and their localization and function are frequently controlled by modification. We now demonstrate that Slr1 binds to polyadenylated RNA and that its intracellular localization is modulated by phosphorylation and methylation. Wildtype Slr1‐GFP is predominantly nuclear, but also co‐fractionates with translating ribosomes. The non‐phosphorylatable slr1‐6SA‐GFP protein, in which six serines in SR/RS clusters are substituted with alanines, primarily localizes to the cytoplasm in budding cells. Intriguingly, hyphal cells display a slr1‐6SA‐GFP focus at the tip near the Spitzenkörper, a vesicular structure involved in molecular trafficking to the tip. The presence of slr1‐6SA‐GFP hyphal tip foci is reduced in the absence of the mRNA‐transport protein She3, suggesting that unphosphorylated Slr1 associates with mRNA–protein complexes transported to the tip. The impact of SLR1 deletion on hyphal formation and function thus may be partially due to a role in hyphal mRNA transport.
A case of high‐grade astrocytoma with BRAF and ATRX mutations following a long‐standing course over two decades
Authors: Nakata Satoshi , Horiguchi Keishi , Ishiuchi Shogo , Yoshimoto Yuhei , Yamada Seiji , Nobusawa Sumihito , Ikota Hayato , Hirato Junko , Yokoo Hideaki 
Published: February 2017

Pediatric high‐grade gliomas are rare and occasionally hard to classify. These tumors often feature a well‐demarcated histology and are expected to have a better outcome than ordinary diffuse high‐grade gliomas in adults. We herein report a case of circumscribed high‐grade glioma that showed a distinct molecular profile and followed an excellent course for 26 years. The patient, a 3‐year‐old boy at onset, presented with a contrast‐enhancing mass in the right temporal lobe and underwent resection. Histologically, the tumor mainly consisted of compact bundles of GFAP‐positive spindle cells. With its malignant features including brisk mitotic activity and pseudopallisading necrosis, a diagnosis of high‐grade astrocytoma was made and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was administered. After a disease‐free period of two decades, the tumor recurred locally. The resected tumor was histologically identical to the primary tumor and additionally contained pleomorphic cells, but lacked eosinophilic granular bodies and reticulin networks. The primary and recurrent tumors both harbored the BRAF V600E mutation, and the recurrent tumor was immunonegative for ATRX. Combined BRAF and ATRX mutations are rare in gliomas, with only a pediatric case of glioblastoma being reported in the literature. However, our case cannot be regarded as glioblastoma because of its well‐demarcated histology and excellent course. The distinction of either a diffuse or localized nature in gliomas is important, particularly in children, for predicting prognoses and selecting adjuvant therapies that consequently affect life‐long health care. The present case provides novel insights into pediatric high‐grade astrocytomas.