bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protecting the Stone Artworks of the Seventeenth Century Portico of the House of Pieter Paul Rubens in Antwerp (Belgium) from Wind Driven Rain
Authors: Hayen Roald , De Clercq Hilde 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The forthcoming restoration campaign of the former house of the Flemish Baroque painter Pieter Paul Rubens (1577–1640) in Antwerp includes the design and construction of a new glass canopy. It is to replace the actual non-transparent roof structure, which was erected in the 1990s to protect the portico, separating the inner court yard of the house from the gardens, and especially its sculptural artworks from further material loss. The design parameters of the new glass canopy were evaluated based on the distribution probability of the rain on the portico as a function of rain intensity and wind velocity, while the rain distribution was determined based on the raindrop trajectories combining the vertical raindrop velocity and the horizontal drag from the wind. A minimum wind velocity of 40 km/h is required before rain can reach the feet of the sculptured artworks during intense rain showers. Statistical analysis of the hourly wind velocity and rain shower duration and intensity reveals a return period of approximately 4.2 years when the portico is protected by a glass canopy with identical dimensions of the actual provisory roof structure. Although the influence of intermittent wind gusts and squalls, which will more frequently drag along rainwater to the critical areas, and increase the amount of rainwater attaining the artworks during storms, could so far not be studied more in detail. The above risks are however considered acceptable to prevent future damage accumulation.
Durable Restoration of Reinforced Concrete Grillage Roof Shell of Ensor Gallery in Ostend (B)
Authors: Ignoul Sven , Van Gemert Dionys 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe roof of the Ensor-gallery at Ostend is a cylindrical vault, constructed as a coarse grillage of reinforced concrete, with embedded reinforced concrete roof panels with prismatic glass tiles. The concrete ribs of the roof shell were heavily damaged by long term exposure to the chloride containing sea air, causing severe reinforcement corrosion. The paper presents the experimental data on the degradation, as well as the alternative approach used in the restoration project to avoid the loss of a major part of the authentic material. The approach is based on a combination of galvanic cathodic protection with embedded and bored in sacrificing anodes, the application of a chloride-inhibiting impregnation followed by a re-alkalizing treatment on the preserved parts, concrete repair and reconstruction with a self-compacting, shrinkage-compensating, polymer-modified repair mortar. Completely denuded steel reinforcement bars were replaced by glass fiber reinforced polyester rods.
Conservation and Restoration of the Don José I Monument in Lisbon, Portugal. Part I: Stone Components
Authors: Delgado Rodrigues José , Charola A. Elena , Henriques Fernando M. A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The equestrian statue of D. José I, in Lisbon, Portugal, stands on an elegant and decorated plinth fashioned in a very dense limestone. The sculptor, Joaquim Machado de Castro, designed the pedestal with colossal stone pieces and selected one of the best Portuguese stones for this purpose, the Lioz limestone. The same stone was also used for the flanking sculpture groups and the base This stone is a very pure reef limestone, rich in fossils and a low porosity <1 %. It is extremely compact and highly resistant, even in the harsh environment of a busy metropolis and within the impact of marine winds. The generalized deterioration is surface erosion caused by direct runoff water, with some incipient black crusts and soiling incrustations occurring in sheltered places. In some areas copper stains originating from the metal statue were also found. An extensive network of cracks was found, mostly at or near the top of the plinth, which could be ascribed to the presence of iron rods and clamps left inside the structure to hold the stone pieces together. During the intervention, these cracks were sealed with a multi-barrier system, given the impossibility to access the interior to remove or directly passivate the iron inclusions. Inoperative joints were cleaned out and repointed. Black deposits could be eliminated by nebulized water and soft brushing while the copper stains required the application of poultices with ammonium carbonate, in some cases requiring the addition of a complexing agent.
»Denn jedes gute Tonstück ist ein Gedicht«. Rhetorik und Musik im deutschen Sprachraum. Von ca. 900 bis zur Gegenwart
Authors: Krones Hartmut 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Since the Middle Ages in Germany and likewise in other countries, metric and modal theory were seen from the viewpoint of grammar - allocated to simple speech, whereas the rhetoric of ornate speech was assigned to the affective (and »programmatic«) domain. The »musical punctuation« and »declamation« were elements of grammar and prosody, but the recognition of all symbolically lingual means - especially of the »rhetorical figures« - was more important for the interpreters (musicians): Only the figures bring close to us the »whole meaning«, as Johann Gottfried Walther for example said (1708). These figures were first systematically represented by Joachim Burmeister (1599 and 1601), and in the course of the century, in Germany over one hundred musical-rhetorical figures were named. Composers partly used these figures well into the 20th century. Other important rhetorical categories were the inventio, the discovery of musical thoughts at certain »places« (loci), and the dispositio, the arrangement of the musical pieces - often by following the example of a poem, a drama or a speech (preferably forensic).
Human action in narrative grammars
Authors: Pavel Thomas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAfter sketching out a history of twentieth-century structuralist linguistics and poetics, the article presents Greimas’s theoretical contribution to the semiotic study of narratives at various levels, including actants, actors and their kinds of competence, the semiotic square that gives narratives their general meaning, the variety of figures employed, and the thematic fields evoked.
Genossenschaften, Apps und Kartellrecht
Authors: Thelen Martin 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Todays apps are offering services that compete against the traditional business structures of cooperative banks. Taxi cooperatives have reacted on this by forbidding their members the use of those apps. This prohibition is, due to a current judgement by the Higher Regional Court in Nuremberg according to the cartel law, inadmissible and cannot be based on a privilege of the cooperative immanence. On the occasion of this decision the article shows that cooperatives aren’t able to evade themselves from the digital competition but that they should take this as a chance.
Zwischen Konstruktion und Kompetenz: Heilige Schrift und Schriftprinzip als Horizont und Gegenstand ökumenischen Lernens
Authors: Cebulj Christian 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
In der katholischen Religionspädagogik zieht heute niemand in Zweifel, dass die Bibel zentraler Unterrichtsinhalt im Religionsunterricht ist, der sowohl bildende Kraft als auch identitätsstiftende Wirkung hat. Das ist das Ergebnis eines ‚Lernprozesses Reformation‘, der durchaus wechselhafte Etappen hinter sich hat. Das Verhältnis von Schrift, Tradition und Lehramt war im Bereich der katholischen Theologie (und Religionspädagogik) bis vor nicht allzu langer Zeit so gelagert, dass sich das Schriftprinzip gegenüber dem Traditionsprinzip, welches sich schließlich in das Autoritätsprinzip hinein auflöste, erst einmal durchsetzen musste. Der Beitrag zeichnet wichtige Schritte dieses Lernprozesses nach.
Zwischen Hermeneutik und Deutungskultur: Heilige Schrift und Schriftprinzip als Horizont und Gegenstand ökumenischen Lernens
Authors: Kumlehn Martina 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Dieser Artikel entfaltet den Beitrag des sogenannten reformatorischen Schriftprinzips für Prozesse ökumenischen Lernens. Er arbeitet die hermeneutische Intention der Ideen Luthers heraus, der die Bibel als „Lebensbuch“ versteht. Das existentielle Involviertseins des Auslegers und der notwendige Streit um die verschiedenen Interpretationen werden betont. Das Schriftprinzip selbst als ein hermeneutisches muss immer wieder kritisch betrachtet und transformiert werden, um dynamisch zu bleiben. Ökumenisches Lernen mit der Bibel ist auf die Entdeckung der existentiellen Dimension konzentriert und unterstützt die Entwicklung narrativer Identität. Luthers hermeneutisches Prinzip zeigt, dass didaktische Reflexion Auswahl nicht vermeiden kann und diese vernünftig begründen muss.
Entgrenztes Erinnern an die Reformation. Religionspädagogische Schlaglichter in konfessionell-kooperativem Interesse
Authors: Lindner Konstantin 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
500 Jahre nach Beginn der Reformation stellt sich die Frage, unter welchen religionspädagogischen Prämissen an dieses Ereignis und seine Folgen erinnert werden kann. Der Beitrag zeigt Optionen einer entgrenzten Erinnerungskultur auf. Dabei sollen Lernenden konfessionsübergreifende Angebote gemacht werden, sich mit dem Erbe der Reformation gegenwarts- und zukunftsbedeutsam auseinanderzusetzen. Drei ausgewählte Aspekte kommen in den Blick: (1) die Relevanz religiösen Lernens und religiöser Bildung, (2) alltagsprägende Wirkungen der Reformation sowie ökumenischer Initiativen und (3) die Herausforderung, mit Lernenden, die in „reformationslosen“ Erinnerungskulturen aufgewachsen sind, an die Reformation zu erinnern.
Das reformatorische Menschenbild und die Bildung des Menschen – Konsequenzen für den interreligiös sensiblen Bildungsdialog
Authors: Schlag Thomas 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Die evangelische Religionspädagogik bezieht sich in ihren Grundlegungen und Entfaltungen aus guten Gründen auf ein Menschenbild, das durch die reformatorische Theologie im Licht des Rechtfertigungsgedankens grundgelegt wurde. Wie geht man allerdings damit um, dass die protestantische Geschichte aufgrund von Luthers fundamentalen Grundentscheidungen zugleich durch eine massive, programmatisch theologisch begründete Abwehrhaltung gegenüber dem Judentum und seinen Gläubigen gekennzeichnet war? Angesichts der aktuellen Herausforderungen einer interreligiösen Bildung ist es notwendig, die konfessionellen Prägungen auf ihre befreienden Kerngehalte hin neu zu befragen und didaktisch verantwortet für eine dialogische und diskursive Bildungspraxis im Sinn von Erinnerung, Vergegenwärtigung und Verheißung fruchtbar zu machen.
Perspektiven aus der jüdischen Religionsphilosophie für einen pluralismusfähigen, dialogischen Bildungsdiskurs
Authors: Wiese Christian 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Prägen Luthers Glaubensüberzeugungen noch heute evangelische Bildungsvorstellungen? Mit Bezug auf Thomas Schlags Artikel zu Luthers Rechtfertigungslehre und Judenfeindschaft beschreibt Christian Wiese die komplexen Verflechtungen zwischen der jüdischen Religionsphilosophie in Deutschland und Luthers Anthropologie. Das Ergebnis ist eine aufschlussreiche Zusammenstellung von Aussagen deutsch-jüdischer Denker, darunter Heinrich Graetz, Hermann Cohen, Leo Baeck und Martin Buber. Im Gespräch mit dem polnisch-amerikanischen Rabbiner Abraham J. Heschel plädiert der Autor schließlich für einen „dialogical turn“, um die Geschichte, aber auch die Herausforderungen interreligiöser Bildung heute zu präzisieren.
Erziehung und ErlösungNotwendige Unterscheidungen im Horizont der reformatorischen Ethik und Erziehungslehre
Authors: Schweitzer Friedrich 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Dieser Beitrag interpretiert das protestantische Verständnis der Unterscheidung zwischen Erziehung und Erlösung vor dem Hintergrund von Luthers Lehre von den beiden Reichen. Dem Verfasser zufolge sollte diese Unterscheidung als dauerhafter Gewinn sowohl für die Verkündigung als auch für die Erziehung angesehen werden, wobei auch die mit ihr verbundenen Ambivalenzen nicht übersehen werden sollten. Mit ihrem spezifisch lutherischen Hintergrund kann die Unterscheidung zwischen Erziehung und Erlösung nicht einfach verallgemeinert werden. In religiös pluralen Gesellschaften kann diese Unterscheidung jedoch neu an Bedeutung gewinnen – im Dialog mit anderen Traditionen innerhalb und außerhalb des Christentums.
Zur Bildungsbedeutung der Reformation in mehrheitlich säkularen Kontexten
Authors: Domsgen Michael 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Kontextuelle Voraussetzungen bestimmen maßgeblich mit darüber, was bildend wirkt. Die Reformation ist ein eminent religiös-christliches Ereignis und ein im Kern kirchlich-theologisches. Das stellt in mehrheitlich säkularen Kontexten eine große Herausforderung dar, weil die Prämisse einer – wie auch immer sich im Einzelnen gestaltenden – Gottes- bzw. Transzendenzvorstellung nicht geteilt wird. Das verhindert unmittelbare Anknüpfungen und lässt nach neuen Zugängen suchen. Zugleich erscheint eine Nicht-Begegnung mit der Reformation geradezu ausgeschlossen. Dem nachzugehen hilft eine empirische Untersuchung zu Luthervorstellungen von Jugendlichen aus Sachsen-Anhalt. Sie zeigt, dass die Wahrscheinlichkeit subjektiver Relevanzen steigt, wenn ein vielschichtiges Bild gezeichnet wird, das auch Brüche und Spannungen nicht ausspart. Die Differenz zwischen Anspruch und Wirklichkeit ermöglicht, eigene Differenzerfahrungen dieser Art anzudocken. So kann die Reformation bildungsbedeutsam werden.
Reformhölle. Reformation und Gegenwartskultur
Authors: Behrens Roger 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Der Artikel sieht den – mit Luther verbundenen – Reformationsprozess im Kontext einer generellen Geschichtsentwicklung moderner Gesellschaft und ihrer ökonomischen, nämlich (spät-) kapitalistischen Grundlagen. Gegenwartskultur wird dabei in ihrer heutigen Gestalt als Popkultur interpretiert, die als Ideologie der Gesellschaft des Spektakels verstanden werden kann. „Reformation“ und z. B. Luthers Bedeutung (in Deutschland) erscheinen dabei bloß noch als „Images“. Der Artikel plädiert für eine politische Kritik dieses Verhältnisses von Reformation und Gegenwartskultur.
Methyl-CpG-Binding Protein MBD1 Regulates Neuronal Lineage Commitment through Maintaining Adult Neural Stem Cell Identity
Authors: Jobe Emily M. , Gao Yu , Eisinger Brian E. , Mladucky Janessa K. , Giuliani Charles C. , Kelnhofer Laurel E. , Zhao Xinyu 
Published: December 2016

Methyl-CpG-binding domain 1 (MBD1) belongs to a family of methyl-CpG-binding proteins that are epigenetic “readers” linking DNA methylation to transcriptional regulation. MBD1 is expressed in neural stem cells residing in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus (aNSCs) and MBD1 deficiency leads to reduced neuronal differentiation, impaired neurogenesis, learning deficits, and autism-like behaviors in mice; however, the precise function of MBD1 in aNSCs remains unexplored. Here, we show that MBD1 is important for maintaining the integrity and stemness of NSCs, which is critical for their ability to generate neurons. MBD1 deficiency leads to the accumulation of undifferentiated NSCs and impaired transition into the neuronal lineage. Transcriptome analysis of neural stem and progenitor cells isolated directly from the dentate gyrus of MBD1 mutant (KO) and WT mice showed that gene sets related to cell differentiation, particularly astrocyte lineage genes, were upregulated in KO cells. We further demonstrated that, in NSCs, MBD1 binds and represses directly specific genes associated with differentiation. Our results suggest that MBD1 maintains the multipotency of NSCs by restraining the onset of differentiation genes and that untimely expression of these genes in MBD1-deficient stem cells may interfere with normal cell lineage commitment and cause the accumulation of undifferentiated cells. Our data reveal a novel role for MBD1 in stem cell maintenance and provide insight into how epigenetic regulation contributes to adult neurogenesis and the potential impact of its dysregulation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAdult neural stem cells (aNSCs) in the hippocampus self-renew and generate neurons throughout life. We show that methyl-CpG-binding domain 1 (MBD1), a DNA methylation “reader,” is important for maintaining the integrity of NSCs, which is critical for their neurogenic potency. Our data reveal a novel role for MBD1 in stem cell maintenance and provide insight into how epigenetic regulation preserves the multipotency of stem cells for subsequent differentiation.
Fruit growth characterization of the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) hybrid Ichiban' grown under cover
Authors: Almanza-Merchán Pedro José , Arévalo Yuly Alexandra , Cely R. Germán Eduardo , Pinzón Elberth Hernando , Serrano C. Pablo Antonio 
Published: December 2016

The tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is one of the more important crops that are consumed worldwide. In Colombia, the department of Boyaca is characterized as being the biggest producer of tomatoes, with production centered in the municipalities of Sutamarchan, Sachica, Santa Sofía and Villa de Leyva, where different cultivars and hybrids are produced that present different physiological behaviors, resulting in changes in conventional agronomic management. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and development of fruits from the tomato hybrid Ichiban under greenhouse conditions. This study evaluated the parameters of polar and equatorial diameters, diameter ratio, fresh mass and dry mass, and absolute and relative growth rates. The results were subjected to a descriptive analysis. Furthermore, the growth model was determined. The Ichiban hybrid had a simple sigmoid behavior, common in fleshy fruits, while the fresh mass and dry mass were fitted to a logistic, nonlinear model. Anthesis was seen at 50 days after transplant and the fruits reached physiological maturity 49 days after anthesis; during this period, 510.2 heating degree-days were accumulated. All of the variables presented significant differences (P≤0.01) and coefficients of determination above 0.9, indicating that the models are suitable for explaining the studied biological phenomena.
Pemetaan Karya Tafsir di Arab Saudi
Authors: Fitria Riri 
Published: December 2016

This paper will not discuss about the development of the county in economic, political and other, but specialize discussion n interpretation development and their interpreter. As for the interpreter to be targeted, for a more comprehensive description, the author here does not follow the rules of previous papers, this is only by focusing to the original Arabian’s interpreter, but also in <em>al-mufassirûn al-wâfidûn</em>, which in not a Arabian, but they wrote an interpretation on the state. At the end of the paper, the author conclude tat work of interpretation in the country of Saudi of Arabia in general using the <em>al-tah</em><em>lîlî</em> with <em>fiqhî</em> style and <em>i‘tiqadî</em>. In term of methodology, in the county of Saudi Arabia patterned in wahabism an it is no so let the flexibility ration other than in accordance with what has been laid down by generation of <em>salaf al-s</em><em>âlih</em> so that the interpretation in Saudi Arabia tend let behind than Egypt which more let the use of ratios.
Budaya Kritik Ulama Hadis Perspektif Historis dan Praktis
Authors: Umar Atho’illah 
Published: December 2016

Sunnah, as the second source after Koran had been through several hard priod which stems from slander, emerge in the midst of Muslims since the death of caliph Othman b. ‘Affan. During that, the Sunnah of the Prophet become a tool for political infighting and it arose multi fanaticism, starting from the fanaticism of <em>madhhab</em>, race, class, and other fanaticism along with the break up of the Muslims into sects. This makes the Sunnah ainted. It was difficult to distinguish between an authentic hadith, <em>da‘îf</em> even <em>mawd</em><em>û‘</em>. It is difficult to distinguish whether the transmitters are <em>thiqah</em>, free from fanaticism, or other tendency, which caused the narrators unable to maintain the integrity of Sunnah. Since the codification campaign echoed the hadith, the scholars began the unification and selection of traditions in various ways, all were concentrated on the activities of criticism as an effort to authenticate hadith, chains. So, the common question of tradition at the time was whether the <em>isnâd</em> valid, whether the <em>matn</em> certainly valid as well. This paradigm emerged different disciplines related to the study, such as science of <em>isnâd</em>, <em>al-jarh</em><em> wa al-ta‘dîl</em>, <em>al-t</em><em>abaqât</em>, <em>al-‘ilal</em> and so forth
Ta’wîl Ibn al-Zubayr terhadap Mutashâbih al-Lafz dalam al-Qur’an
Authors: Yaumin Nahri Delta 
Published: December 2016

The word is strung into the verses of the Koran is a divine sentence a similar level of fluency and beauty of literature between one verse with other verses. Although the Koran uses <em>mutashâbih al-lafz</em> and <em>tikrâr</em>, the choice of words is representative of the context is going on. This means that the choice of words shows the detail of information that occurred and the repetition of words not followed essentially the repetition of meaning, but brings new meaning different from the first words that are complementary and not interchangeable. This rule is brought to Ibn al-Zubayr al-Gharnâtî trough his creation, <em>Milâk al-Ta’wîl al-Qât</em><em>i’ bi Dhawi al-Ilhâd wa al-Ta’t}îl fî Tawjîh al-Mutashâbih al-Lafz min Ây al-Tanzîl</em>. This creation became a real reflection of insight cleric Granada, which uses the method applied research (<em>al-manhâj al-tatbîqî al-tahlîlî</em>) in every discussion. This article will explain the interpretation of Ibn Zubayr on the causes of differences in editorial verses of the Koran, known as <em>al-lafz</em><em> mutashâbih</em>.
The genetic structure of populations of specially protected mollusk Cepaea vindobonensis (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in a north-eastern part of the modern area
Authors: Snegin Eduard A. , Snegina Elena A 
Published: December 2016

Background. The population structure of relict and protected species Cepaea vindobonensis Fer. (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Pulmonata) in a north-eastern part of the modern area has been studied. State population gene pools (11 populations) for environmental activities need to be assessed. Materials and Methods. Using allozymes (esterases) and DNA markers (RAPD, ISSR) analysis was performed. The methods polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the DNA in the agarose gel were used. Results. The populations with a low level of heterozygosity and high heterozygosity were identified. Group located in the east, did not differ in allelic diversity of the western groups. The average expected heterozygosity for allozyme He = 0,217 ± 0,080 and DNA markers He = 0,164 ± 0,024. However, the population of the Austrian snail in the study area is strongly separated from each other (Fst = 0,231, Gst = 0,265, Фst = 0,261-0,263, Nm = 0,630-0,832). The effective population size (Ne), calculated on the basis of the inbreeding coefficient, was level 0,868 ± 0,028 of the total population. The effective population size, calculated on the basis of the linear regression equation between genetic and geographic distance (Ne = 0,36-2,6) and calculated by a factor of subdivision of populations (Ne = 6,3 ± 0,1), in comparison with the effective size of the populations of common species of terrestrial mollusks was the same. Conclusion. Thus, on the basis of these data, in general, we can say, the Austrian population snails have a higher potential for life. However, the reduction of allelic diversity, the increase in the coefficient of inbreeding in some groups and a high level of isolation of populations of C. vindobonensis in the north-eastern part of the range is a concern and requires an adjustment in respect of environmental protection measures of this species.