bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of ventricular entry during craniotomy for brain tumor resection
Authors: John Jessin K. , Robin Adam M. , Pabaney Aqueel H. , Rammo Richard A. , Schultz Lonni R. , Sadry Neema S. , Lee Ian Y. 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVERecent studies have demonstrated that periventricular tumor location is associated with poorer survival and that tumor location near the ventricle limits the extent of resection. This finding may relate to the perception that ventricular entry leads to further complications and thus surgeons may choose to perform less aggressive resection in these areas. However, there is little support for this view in the literature. This study seeks to determine whether ventricular entry is associated with more complications during craniotomy for brain tumor resection.METHODSA retrospective analysis of patients who underwent craniotomy for tumor resection at Henry Ford Hospital between January 2010 and November 2012 was conducted. A total of 183 cases were reviewed with attention to operative entry into the ventricular system, postoperative use of an external ventricular drain (EVD), subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus, and symptomatic intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH).RESULTSPatients in whom the ventricles were entered had significantly higher rates of any complication (46% vs 21%). Complications included development of subdural hygroma, subdural hematoma, intraventricular hemorrhage, subgaleal collection, wound infection, urinary tract infection/deep venous thrombosis, hydrocephalus, and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement. Specifically, these patients had significantly higher rates of EVD placement (23% vs 1%, p < 0.001), hydrocephalus (6% vs 0%, p = 0.03), IVH (14% vs 0%, p < 0.001), infection (15% vs 5%, p = 0.04), and subgaleal collection (20% vs 4%, p < 0.001). It was also observed that VP shunt placement was only seen in cases of ventricular entry (11% vs 0%, p = 0.001) with 3 of 4 of these patients having a large ventricular entry (defined here as entry greater than a pinhole [< 3 mm] entry). Furthermore, in a subset of glioblastoma patients with and without ventricular entry, Kaplan-Meier estimates for survival demonstrated a median survival time of 329 days for ventricular entry compared with 522 days for patients with no ventricular entry (HR 1.13, 95% CI 0.65–1.96; p = 0.67).CONCLUSIONSThere are more complications associated with ventricular entry during brain tumor resection than in nonviolated ventricular systems. Better strategies for management of periventricular tumor resection should be actively sought to improve resection and survival for these patients.
Accuracy of 320-detector row nonsubtracted and subtracted volume CT angiography in evaluating small cerebral aneurysms
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Xing Wei , He Zhongming , Peng Ya , Wang Caoye , Wang Qi 
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVEThe study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of 320-detector row nonsubtracted and subtracted volume CT angiography (VCTA) in detecting small cerebral aneurysms (< 3 mm) compared with 3D digital subtraction angiography (3D DSA).METHODSSix hundred sixty-two patients underwent 320-detector row VCTA and 3D DSA for suspected cerebral aneurysms. Five neuroradiologists independently reviewed VCTA and 3D DSA images. The 3D DSA was considered the reference standard, and the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of nonsubtracted and subtracted VCTA in depicting small aneurysms were analyzed. A p value < 0.05 was considered a significant difference.RESULTSAccording to 3D DSA images, 98 small cerebral aneurysms were identified in 90 of 662 patients. Nonsubtracted VCTA depicted 90 small aneurysms. Ten small aneurysms were missed, and 2 small aneurysms were misdiagnosed. The missed small aneurysms were located almost in the internal carotid artery, near bone tissue. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of nonsubtracted VCTA in depicting small aneurysms were 89.8%, 99.2%, and 96.5%, respectively, on a per-aneurysm basis. Subtracted VCTA depicted 97 small aneurysms. Three small aneurysms were missed, and 2 small aneurysms were misdiagnosed. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of subtracted VCTA in depicting small aneurysms were 96.9%, 99.2%, and 98.6%, respectively, on a per-aneurysm basis. There was no difference in accuracy between subtracted VCTA and 3D DSA (p = 1.000). However, nonsubtracted VCTA had significantly less sensitivity than 3D DSA and subtracted VCTA (p = 0.039 and 0.016, respectively).CONCLUSIONSSubtracted 320-detector row VCTA is sensitive enough to replace 3D DSA in the diagnosis of small cerebral aneurysms (< 3 mm). The accuracy rate of nonsubtracted VCTA was lower than that of subtracted VCTA and 3D DSA, especially in the assessment of small internal carotid artery aneurysms adjacent to the skull base.
Dynamische Generhaltung in Europas Wäldern: Paneuropäische Konzepte nehmen Gestalt an
Authors: Schueler Silvio , Konrad Heino 
Published: November 2016

Dynamic gene conservation in European forests: Pan-European concepts shaping up
Forests in Europe consist mainly of wild, undomesticated tree populations showing high genetic variation that has been shaped by postglacial migration and manifold adaptations to their local environments. To conserve this genetic diversity, many European countries have developed programs for the conservation of forest genetic resources, which consist not only of seed orchards but also of forest stands for in situ gene conservation. The long-term aim of the so called “dynamic gene conservation” is the maintenance of the most important ecological and, on a longer time scale, evolutionary processes. In the European cooperation project EUFGIS, Pan-European minimum requirements for units of dynamic gene conservation in forests were developed. On the basis of these criteria, a common database of all these identified units was established. Moreover, the representativeness of the nominated conservation units for ecological zones and continental hot spots of genetic diversity was analyzed, and the vulnerability of the network under climate change was investigated. This analysis showed that the present network of dynamic conservation units for various tree species contains significant gaps in its ecological and phylogenetic representativeness and indicates that up to 65% of the nominated conservation units of a target tree species will be highly vulnerable under climate change. Therefore, the network of gene conservation units needs to be extended, and additional transnational conservation actions including European assisted migration schemes should be considered.
Development of SSR markers for a Tibetan medicinal plant, Lancea tibetica (Phrymaceae), based on RAD sequencing
Authors: Tian Zunzhe , Zhang Faqi , Liu Hairui , Gao Qingbo , Chen Shilong 
Published: November 2016

Premise of the study:Lancea tibetica (Phrymaceae), a Tibetan medicinal plant, is endemic to the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. The over‐exploitation of wild L. tibetica has led to the destruction of many populations. To enhance protection and management, biological research, especially population genetic studies, should be carried out on L. tibetica. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers of L. tibetica were developed to analyze population diversity.Methods and Results:Four thousand four hundred and forty‐one SSR loci were identified for L. tibetica based on restriction‐site associated DNA (RAD) sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq platform. One hundred SSR loci were arbitrarily selected for primer design, and 38 of them were successfully amplified. These markers were tested on 56 individuals from three populations of L. tibetica, and 10 markers displayed polymorphisms. The total number of alleles per locus ranged from three to eight, and observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.200 to 1.000 and 0.683 to 0.879, respectively. We tested for cross‐amplification of these 10 markers in the related species L. hirsuta and found that nine could be successfully amplified.Conclusions:The SSR markers characterized here are the first to be developed and tested in L. tibetica. They will be useful for future population genetic studies on L. tibetica and closely related species.
Efficacy and Safety of Tenofovir-Containing Antiretroviral Therapy in Women who Acquired HIV while Enrolled in Tenofovir Gel Prophylaxis Trials
Authors: Naicker Nivashnee , Naidoo Anushka , Werner Lise , Garrett Nigel , Majola Nelisile , Asari Villeshni , Baxter Cheryl , Grobler Anneke , Karim Quarraisha Abdool , Karim Salim S Abdool 
Published: November 2016

Background We assessed whether women who acquired HIV during tenofovir gel prophylaxis trials can be safely and effectively treated with tenofovir-containing anti-retroviral therapy (ART). Methods Between May 2011 and October 2014, HIV seroconvertors from two tenofovir gel trials were recruited when eligible for ART (CD4+ T-cell count <350 cells/ml, pregnancy or AIDS-defining illness). Women were randomized to tenofovir-containing (tenofovir + lamivudine/emtricitabine + efavirenz) or tenofovir-sparing (zidovudine + lamivudine/emtricitabine + efavirenz) antiretroviral treatment regimens. The proportion with virological suppression, adverse events and drug switches were compared. Results Fifty-nine women were enrolled and followed-up for median 18 months (IQR 6–24). Twenty-nine women (7 tenofovir gel exposed, 22 tenofovir gel unexposed) were randomized to a tenofovir-containing and 30 (9 tenofovir gel exposed, 21 tenofovir gel unexposed) to a tenofovir-sparing regimen. Median baseline CD4+ T-cell count and viral load (VL) were 345 cells/ml (IQR 280–423) and 4.5 log copies/ml (sd 0.79), and did not differ by ART assignment. Overall VL suppression rates were 88.0% and 78.3% at 6 months ( P=0.454) and 85.7% and 79.0% at 12 months ( P=0.689) in women on the tenofovir-containing and tenofovir-sparing regimens, respectively. Toxicity-related drug switches were more frequent in women on the tenofovir-sparing than tenofovir-containing regimen (36.7% versus 0.0%, P<0.001). Conclusions Preliminary data show that tenofovir-containing ART was effective and more tolerable in HIV seroconvertors from tenofovir gel prophylaxis trials and may be considered for use in women with prior tenofovir gel exposure. Clinical trials.gov NCT01387022.
Influence of topography and human activity on apparent in situ 10Be-derived erosion rates in Yunnan, SW China
Authors: Schmidt Amanda H. , Neilson Thomas B. , Bierman Paul R. , Rood Dylan H. , Ouimet William B. , Sosa Gonzalez Veronica 
Published: November 2016

Abstract. In order to understand better if and where erosion rates calculated using in situ 10Be are affected by contemporary changes in land use and attendant deep regolith erosion, we calculated erosion rates using measurements of in situ 10Be in quartz from 52 samples of river sediment collected from three tributaries of the Mekong River (median basin area = 46.5 km2). Erosion rates range from 12 to 209 mm kyr−1 with an area-weighted mean of 117 ± 49 mm kyr−1 (1 standard deviation) and median of 74 mm kyr−1. We observed a decrease in the relative influence of human activity from our steepest and least altered watershed in the north to the most heavily altered landscapes in the south. In the areas of the landscape least disturbed by humans, erosion rates correlate best with measures of topographic steepness. In the most heavily altered landscapes, measures of modern land use correlate with 10Be-estimated erosion rates but topographic steepness parameters cease to correlate with erosion rates. We conclude that, in some small watersheds with high rates and intensity of agricultural land use that we sampled, tillage and resultant erosion has excavated deeply enough into the regolith to deliver subsurface sediment to streams and thus raise apparent in situ 10Be-derived erosion rates by as much as 2.5 times over background rates had the watersheds not been disturbed.
A Randomised, Controlled Clinical Study on Total Hip Arthroplasty Using 4 Different Bearings: Results after 10 Years
Authors: Borgwardt Arne , Zerahn Bo , Fabricius Sandra D. , Bertelsen Tine H. , Daugaard Henrik , Ribel-Madsen Søren 
Published: November 2016

Purpose To compare 4 different bearings in total hip arthroplasty (THA) in a randomised controlled clinical study on clinical performance. Methods 393 patients with osteoarthritis of the hip or avascular necrosis were included and allocated to 1 of the head-and-cup couples zirconia-on-polyethylene (group A), metal-on-metal (group B), zirconia-on-polyethylene with the liner moulded into the shell (group C), or alumina-on-alumina (group D). In the individual case the surgeon could choose other implants if indicated. Results 299 patients were operated with the allocated prosthesis. The estimated cumulated prosthesis survival percentages and 95% confidence interval after 10 years were: group A 84.6 (75.8-93.4); group B 95.0 (89.5-100); group C 93.2 (86.7-99.7); group D 66.1 (54.5-77.7). The patients' physical function was significantly improved and remained equally good in all 4 groups, however slightly declining with ageing. The luxation rate was initially high, and equal between the groups, but was reduced by improving the surgical procedure introducing capsule repair by reinsertion of the short external hip rotators. Conclusions The metal-on-metal or zirconia-on-polyethylene prostheses had high 10-year survival percentages. The longevity of these bearing couples by themselves was not related to the combination of materials. The zirconia-on-polyethylene prosthesis with the liner mounted peroperatively possibly exhibited cases of backside wear which the corresponding bearing couple with moulded polyethylene (Asian) did not. The alumina-on-alumina bearing performed poorly - it was redesigned after our study initiation and later withdrawn from the market.
Standardising the assessment of environmental enrichment and tail-docking legal requirements for finishing pigs in Europe
Authors: Hothersall B , Whistance L , Zedlacher H , Algers B , Andersson E , Bracke M , Courboulay V , Ferrari P , Leeb C , Mullan S , Nowicki J , Meunier-Salaün M-C , Schwarz T , Stadig L , Main D 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAn online training package providing a concise synthesis of the scientific data underpinning EU legislation on enrichment and tail-docking of pigs was produced in seven languages, with the aim of improving consistency of professional judgements regarding legislation compliance on farms. In total, 158 participants who were official inspectors, certification scheme assessors and advisors from 16 EU countries completed an initial test and an online training package. Control group participants completed a second identical test before, and Training group participants after, viewing the training. In Section 1 of the test participants rated the importance of modifying environmental enrichment defined in nine scenarios from 1 (not important) to 10 (very important). Training significantly increased participants’ overall perception of the need for change. Participants then rated nine risk factors for tail-biting from 1 (no risk) to 10 (high risk). After training scores were better correlated with risk rankings already described by scientists. Scenarios relating to tail-docking and management were then described. Training significantly increased the proportion of respondents correctly identifying that a farm without tail lesions should stop tail-docking. Finally, participants rated the importance of modifying enrichment in three further scenarios. Training increased ratings in all three. The pattern of results indicated that participants’ roles influenced scores but overall the training improved: i) recognition of enrichments that, by virtue of their type or use by pigs, may be insufficient to achieve legislation compliance; ii) knowledge on risk factors for tail-biting; and iii) recognition of when routine tail-docking was occurring.
Réinsérer les personnes ex-détenues ou maintenir l’apparence du système judiciaire
Authors: Tougas Kim 
Published: November 2016

Parce qu’elles enjoignent l’individu à agir « comme s’il » était autonome, et ce, souvent en dépit de ses ancrages statutaires inégaux, l’effet des normes contemporaines peut s’avérer, aujourd’hui, beaucoup plus grand, même nuisible pour les individus qui tentent de « s’en sortir », voire de « sortir » d’une trajectoire dite de déviance et de marginalité. Dans cet ordre d’idées, nous allons proposer, dans cet article, une analyse de la prégnance de la nouvelle grammaire normative sur l’élaboration et le discours des politiques de réinsertion sociale des personnes incarcérées au Canada. L’analyse des plans et programmes d’action gouvernementale en matière de réinsertion sociale des ex-détenus montre en quoi le processus de retour dans la communauté, suite à une période d’incarcération, est représenté comme un moment idéal pour assujettir les individus à la nouvelle discipline « post-carcérale » visant, avant tout, l’autoredressement et l’adaptation aux règles contemporaines de conduites promues par la société, notamment l’autonomie, la prise d’initiatives et la responsabilisation de soi. À cet égard, nous avancerons l’idée que les priorités d’intervention telles qu’élaborées par les politiques sociales sont davantage la gestion du risque de récidive et la protection de la sécurité de la collectivité, que le bien-être et l’émancipation de la personne elle-même. Ainsi, il semble qu’on assiste davantage à une volonté de maintenir une apparence plus démocratique du système judiciaire que son application réelle.
Prendre place
Authors: Maurin Marine 
Published: November 2016

Pour assurer leur survie : se nourrir, se soigner, se laver, se vêtir et trouver un toit, les femmes sans abri font appel aux différents dispositifs d’aide présents dans la ville. Elles circulent parfois depuis des années entre les différents centres d’accueil (de jour), d’hébergement, faisant de leur parcours quotidien un territoire principalement ancré dans le monde de l’assistance. Basé sur une ethnographie multisituée, menée en France et au Québec, cet article propose d’analyser les formes que prend ce phénomène d’institutionnalisation des femmes sans abri et les enjeux qui en émanent.
Mechanism of light emission and manufacturing process of vertical-type light-emitting diode grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Lee Gang Seok , Jeon Hunsoo , Ahn Hyung Soo , Yang Min , Yi Sam Nyung , Yu Young Moon , Lee Sang Chil , Honda Yoshio , Sawaki Nobuhiko , Kim Suck-Whan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
We developed a vertical-type light-emitting diode (LED) in which the substrate is removed using a hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) apparatus consisting of a multi-graphite boat filled with a mixed source and a high-temperature (T ≈ 900 °C) RF heating coil outside the source zone. The new chip-growth process with a significant reduction in the number of production steps is completed in only four steps, namely, photolithography, epitaxial layer growth, sorting, and metallization. We analyze the emission mechanism of these lights from measurement results to validate the characteristics of the light emitted from these vertical-type blue LEDs and white LEDs (WLEDs) without substrates, and propose that this mixed-source HVPE method may be a promising production technique for LEDs.
The Confluence Mediational Model of Sexual Aggression
Authors: Malamuth Neil M. , Hald Gert Martin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Confluence Model was the first empirical multifactorial integration of the risk factors that contribute to sexual aggression, particularly among non‐criminal males, with a corresponding attempt at theoretical understanding of these factors. This chapter elaborates on the latest version of this model, which incorporates both factors contributing to antisocial behaviour generally (i.e., home background of abuse, antisocial tendencies in adolescence, impersonal sexuality, narcissistic personality, and low empathy) and those specific to sexual aggression (i.e., hostility towards women, attitudes supporting violence against women, and sexual arousal to rape). The various risk factors function as in a ‘cocktail mixture’ in a synergistic manner. High levels of the general antisocial component seem more relevant to criminal populations whereas non‐criminal samples have lower scores on this component. A large amount of cross‐sectional and some longitudinal data support this model in various ethnic groups from the general population and some criminal samples. Additional data demonstrate how the characterological risk factors interact with situational variables, such as pornography and alcohol use, to increase the risk for sexual aggression.
A Theoretical Integration of Aetiological and Typological Models of Rape
Authors: Knight Raymond A. , Sims‐Knight Judith E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Massachusetts Treatment Center typology research programme combined rational and empirical research strategies in an iterative process to generate, test, and revise typological models of rape. The most recent rapist typology generated by this programme is the Massachusetts Treatment Center Rapist Typology, Version 4 (MTC:R4). In parallel with this programme, we have also generated and validated an aetiological model of rape. Although these research programmes focused on different populations (specific to sex offenders versus applicable to normal and criminal populations as well as to sex offenders), used different data sources (archival criminal records versus self‐report measures), and applied different analytic methods (cluster analyses and rational typology testing versus structural equation modelling), they nonetheless converged on the same three core traits (sexualization, callousness–unemotionality, and antisocial–impulsive). This chapter summarizes the development of each model and discusses the theoretical integration of the two models.
Multimodal Self‐Regulation Theory of Sexual Offending
Authors: Stinson Jill D. , Becker Judith V. , McVay Lee Ann 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe Multimodal Self‐Regulation Theory of sexual offending posits that persons engage in sexual offending and other patterns of problematic behaviour in response to critical deficits in their ability to regulate emotions, thoughts, and relationships with other people. Such behaviours develop in the form of maladaptive regulatory skills that become reinforced over time. This chapter discusses the applicability of this model to diverse groups of offenders, emerging empirical evidence, strengths and limitations of the model, and future directions for research and treatment.
Incentive Theory of Sexual Motivation
Authors: Smid Wineke J. , Wever Edwin C. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Previous research regarding sexual offending has been focused on the empirical identification of reliable predictors of sexual recidivism. Currently, the field is in need of theoretical frameworks that describe the aetiology of sexual offending behaviour and clarify the nature of sexual deviance and its role in the mechanisms of sexual offending. Contrary to popular belief, sexual offending behaviour does not automatically imply sexual deviance, nor does sexual deviance imply the inevitability of sexual offending behaviour. This chapter applies an Incentive Theory of Sexual Motivation, which describes sexual desire as an emotional response to a competent stimulus, to sexual offending behaviour. The theory was originally developed to describe normal sexual behaviour; however, it also provides a promising starting point for uncovering the mechanisms of sexual offending behaviour and the role of sexual deviance therein.