bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information hiding using approximate POSIT representation
Authors: Abed Sa'ed , Aldamkhi Ghadeer , Ahmad Imtiaz 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPOSIT is a numerical system consists of sign, regime, exponential, and fraction bits to overcome some limitations of the IEEE‐754 floating point (FP) representation. This work proposes a technique to hide critical information in the least significant bits (LSBs) of the POSIT FP representation by exploiting approximate computing (AC). The proposed technique, called information hiding using POSIT and LSB (IHUPL), explores the opportunities offered by both the POSIT representation and the AC to hide information with a minimum loss in accuracy and other performance metrics. IHUPL offers two options for hiding information: either by embedding one digit of each character into each pixel or by embedding all the digits of the character at the same time into each pixel of the alpha‐red, green, blue, or black/white image. Experimental results are evaluated for benchmark images and showed that IHUPL enhanced the accuracy of embedding data into LSB of POSIT FP by an average of 5%, the image quality improvement rates of IHUPL are 19% and 16% for options 1 and 2, respectively. Besides the encoding method using IHUPL, the paper outlines an extraction decoding technique that saves the original replacement bits in a key‐image to recover the hidden security message.
The other technology, concentrated solar power
Authors: Flamant Gilles , Tamain Bernard 
Published: September 2024

Concentrating solar power is used to heat a heat transfer fluid to a high temperature./ The heat obtained can either be used directly, or converted into electrical energy using a thermodynamic cycle. One advantage of solar power plants is that they can be coupled with thermal storage systems to improve the ability to regulate production according to demand.
This article gives a brief overview of the current performance and future prospects of these plants.
Under what conditions would the electricity mix planned for France under the Energy Transition Act work?
Authors: Grand Dominique , Le Brun Christian , Latrobe André , Vidil Roland 
Published: September 2024

The energy transition plans to reduce the share of nuclear power in the electricity mix to 50%, and increase the share of wind and solar power. These intermittent energies require resources to rebalance the grid. We are using a method developed for the German energy transition (Energiewende) to work out the orders of magnitude.
With regard to the mix adopted for France, a quarter of intermittent production, 44 TWh, should be transferred between periods of surplus and shortage. This would be possible with large-scale storage - 15 TWh in volume and 45 GW in power - which unfortunately far exceeds known resources (hydroelectric dams, batteries, etc.). Without such storage, fossil fuel power stations would be used to meet demand, thereby worsening the carbon footprint. This can already be seen in the results of the past decade in Germany and Europe.
Endoscopic features of rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome (RMPS): Differentiation from malignant rectal tumor
Authors: Huang Yongle , Lin Xiaoqing , Han Chaoqun , Chen Minhu , Ding Zhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Rectal mucosal prolapse syndrome (RMPS) usually manifests as rectal bleeding and tenesmus. Endoscopically it can be easily misdiagnosed as malignant rectal tumor (MRT). This study aimed to investigate factors to distinguish RMPS and MRT and to explore endoscopic features of RMPS.
Patients and methods Data from patients endoscopically diagnosed with rectal lesions, masses, or tumors, were retrospectively collected. Clinical information, endoscopic images, and histologic reports were reviewed. Patients endoscopically and histologically diagnosed with RMPS were included for phenotype classification.
Results 826 patients were enrolled, among them 755 (91.4%), 22 (2.7%), 10 (1.2%), and 39 (4.7%) were respectively diagnosed with MRT, RMPS, endometriosis, and neuroendocrine tumors. Compared with MRT, patients with RMPS were significantly younger (33.5 vs. 62, P < 0.001) and lesions were significantly smaller (2 cm vs. 3 cm, P = 0.007). Moreover, the clinical course of patients with RMPS was significantly longer than for those with MRT (12 months vs. 3 months, P < 0.001). Morphologically, we classified lesions of RMPS into five phenotypes, that is, lesions with circumferential stenosis (19.4%), protrusions (41.7%), both ulcers and protrusions (11.1%), ulcers (11.1%), and flat manifestations (16.7%). Protruding lesions were more frequently observed in females (P = 0.039), whereas ulcerative lesions were found involving a smaller proportion of the rectal circumference (P = 0.028). Lesions with only ulcers were found with a shorter distance compared with those with only protrusions (5 cm vs. 10 cm, P = 0.034).
Conclusions Age, clinical course, and size of the lesion can be applied to distinguish MRT and RMPS. Five phenotypes have been identified and features of ulcers/protrusions should be further explored.
Enhancing physician support in pancreatic cancer diagnosis: New M-F-RCNN artificial intelligence model using endoscopic ultrasound
Authors: Hu Shan-shan , Duan Bowen , Xu Li , Huang Danping , Liu Xiaogang , Gou Shihao , Zhao Xiaochen , Hou Jie , Tan Shirong , He lan ying , Ye Ying , Xie Xiaoli , Shen Hong , Liu Wei-hui 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is vital for early pancreatic cancer diagnosis. Advances in artificial intelligence (AI), especially deep learning, have improved medical image analysis. We developed and validated the Modified Faster R-CNN (M-F-RCNN), an AI algorithm using EUS images to assist in diagnosing pancreatic cancer.
Methods We collected EUS images from 155 patients across three endoscopy centers from July 2022 to July 2023. M-F-RCNN development involved enhancing feature information through data preprocessing and utilizing an improved Faster R-CNN model to identify cancerous regions. Its diagnostic capabilities were validated against an external set of 1,000 EUS images. In addition, five EUS doctors participated in a study comparing the M-F-RCNN model's performance with that of human experts, assessing diagnostic skill improvements with AI assistance.
Results Internally, the M-F-RCNN model surpassed traditional algorithms with an average precision of 97.35%, accuracy of 96.49%, and recall rate of 5.44%. In external validation, its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 91.7%, 91.5%, and 91.6%, respectively, outperforming non-expert physicians. The model also significantly enhanced the diagnostic skills of doctors.
Conclusions: The M-F-RCNN model shows exceptional performance in diagnosing pancreatic cancer via EUS images, greatly improving diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, thus enhancing physician proficiency and reducing diagnostic errors.
Communication Challenges Experienced by Clinicians and Patients during Teleconsultation: A Scoping Review
Authors: Sota Takashi , Jackson Tim , Yang Eleanor , Lau Annie Y.S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background As teleconsultations continue to rise in popularity due to their convenience and accessibility, it is crucial to identify and address the challenges they present in order to improve the patient experience, enhance outcomes, and ensure the quality of care. To identify communication challenges that clinicians and patients experience during teleconsultation, a scoping review was conducted.
Objective This study aimed to identify communication challenges that clinicians and patients experience during teleconsultation.
Methods Studies were obtained from four databases (Ovid [MEDLINE], Ovid [Embase], CINAHL, and Scopus). Gray literatures were not included. Studies focused on communication challenges between clinicians and their patients during teleconsultation in the context of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and published from January 2000 to December 2022, were collected. The screening process was conducted by two independent reviewers. Data extraction was performed using a standardized form to capture study characteristics and communication challenges. Extracted data were analyzed to identify the communication challenges during teleconsultation, adherent to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR).
Results A total of 893 studies were collected from four databases and 26 studies were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. Of these 26 eligible studies, 12 (46%) were from the United States, 3 studies (12%) were from Australia, and 2 (8%) were from the United Kingdom and Canada. These studies included 12 (46%) qualitative studies, 6 (23%) quantitative studies, 6 (23%) review articles, and 2 (8%) case reports. Eight factors contributing to communication challenges between clinicians and patients during teleconsultations were identified: technical issues, difficulties in developing rapport, lack of non-verbal communication, lack of physical examination, language barrier, spatial issues, clinician preparation, and difficulties in assessing patients' health literacy.
Conclusion Eight factors were identified as contributing to communication challenges during teleconsultation in the context of COVID-19. These findings highlight the need to address communication challenges to ensure effective teleconsultations. With the rise of teleconsultation in routine health care delivery, further research is warranted to confirm these findings and to explore ways to overcome communication challenges during teleconsultation.
Modified Miniskirt Bentall with an Annular Pericardial Patch for Bentall's Endocarditis
Authors: Morisaki Akimasa , Takahashi Yosuke , Nishiya Kenta , Shibata Toshihiko 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSurgery for Bentall's endocarditis poses challenges because the infection spreads to the aortic valve annulus, leading to an annular abscess that necessitates reconstruction. We present a straightforward miniskirt Bentall procedure using an annular pericardial patch to treat Bentall's endocarditis with an annular abscess. After removing the former composite graft and debriding the aortic root and annulus, we created a miniskirt-composite graft using a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve, a straight or Valsalva graft, and an annular bovine pericardial patch with a valve prosthetic sizer. The miniskirt-composite graft, along with the underlying annular pericardial patch, was implanted using a double-layered suture technique.
Correlation Between Granulomatous Mastitis and Autoimmune Function and the Immune-regulating Role of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Authors: Yuan Jiangshan , Cheng Xufeng , Wang Beibei , Wang Zepeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGranulomatous mastitis (GM) is a benign granulomatous condition, and its pathogenesis may be related to autoimmune disorders. Cellular immunity, humoral immunity, immunoglobulins, and complement could all play a role in the disease process, showing certain clinical patterns. Corticosteroids can quickly control disease progression, and immunosuppressants can be used for complex and refractory GM cases. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), “healthy qi” is similar to immune system function. For GM with deficient healthy qi, TCM treatments such as internal and external herbal applications can help regulate immune function and shorten disease duration by staged and TCM treatment, regulating viscera, reinforcing healthy qi, and eliminating pathogenic factors.
Altered Mental Status and Delirium in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Bieber Ewa D. , Smith Heidi A.B. , Fuchs D. Catherine , Gangopadhyay Maalobeeka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMental status is the collection of an individual's consciousness, perception, emotion, memory, and cognition at a particular point in time, which is inferred by the clinician through careful observation and interaction. The pediatric mental status assessment must be approached with an understanding of cognitive, language, and psychosocial development. Alterations must then be comprehensively and clearly described. Delirium is a phenotypic diagnosis with a specific set of criteria in the DSM and is a serious neurocognitive disorder caused by physiologic changes due to illness, injury, toxins, medications, and/or substances. Recognition of delirium in children is improved by monitoring of predisposing risks and precipitating factors, as well as the regular use of validated pediatric screening tools. Management of delirium is focused on treatment of the underlying etiology, prevention of iatrogenic deliriogenic factors, and patient safety.
The Impact of the Pandemic of COVID-19 on the Head Injury Fast-Track System and Surgical Outcome
Authors: Norasethada Thunya , Limpastan Kriengsak , Vaniyapong Tanat , Watcharasaksilp Wanarak , Jetjumnong Chumpon , Srihagulang Chanon , Kanthawang Thanat , Praphanuwat Todsapon , Vuthiwong Withawat , Vongsfak Jirapong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective This study aims to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the head injury fast-track system and surgical treatment outcomes.
Materials and Methods A retrospective review was conducted on patients who underwent emergency neurological procedures according to the head injury fast-track system. Data from April 2018 to April 2020 (pre-COVID) were compared with data from May 2020 to May 2022 (during COVID).
Results The analysis comprised 128 patients in the prepandemic group and 119 patients in the pandemic group, with 5 patients diagnosed with COVID infection during the pandemic. Acute subdural hematoma resulting from motorcycle accidents was the most common diagnosis in both groups (56.3 and 47.5%, respectively). The initial Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score was significantly lower during the pandemic compared to the prepandemic period (p = 0.025). Time metrics in the emergency department, including door to computed tomography (CT), emergency room (ER) exit, and incision times, were significantly longer in the pandemic group (p < 0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences in in-hospital mortality rates (25.8 and 17.7%, respectively; p = 0.12) or the percentage of patients with a favorable functional outcome (Glasgow outcome scale ≥4). At 1 month, a favorable functional outcome was observed in 51.6% of prepandemic patients and 57.1% of pandemic patients (p = 0.69), while at 6 months, the percentages were 56.8 and 64.5%, respectively (p = 0.23).
Conclusions Our study revealed significant delays in hospital processes for head injuries during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we found no significant impact on mortality rates or functional outcomes of patients.
Endovascular Treatment of Mycotic Intracranial Aneurysms: A Series of Three Cases with Institutional Treatment Algorithm
Authors: Charan Bheru Dan , Gaikwad Shailesh B. , Agarwal Sushant , Jain Savyasachi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMycotic intracranial aneurysms (MIAs) are rare but can cause significant morbidity and mortality due to rupture. Most patients have additional systemic medical comorbidities making endovascular treatment a vital modality in the treatment of these aneurysms. We aimed to share our institutional experience with the role of endovascular therapy in the treatment of mycotic aneurysms with a literature review. We conducted a retrospective review of our patient database to identify individuals diagnosed with MIAs who underwent endovascular intervention at our institution between January 2002 and December 2021. We have found three patients with ruptured MIAs. All three patients had a heart disease with infective endocarditis. Two patients presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in which, one had a rebleed resulting in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), the third patient initially presented with ICH. Distal anterior cerebral artery (ACA) was the site of MIA in two cases and distal middle cerebral artery (MCA) in one patient. Two patients were treated with simple coiling and one patient was treated by glue (n-butyl cyanoacrylate [NBCAs]) injection within the aneurysm. There was no periprocedural complication with complete obliteration of the aneurysm and preservation of the parent artery. All the patients had good outcomes on follow-up. Two patients had a modified Rankin scale (mRS) score of 0 at 6 months and one patient had an mRS score of 3 at the end of 3 months whose preprocedure mRS score was 5. Endovascular embolization of MIAs with coils or liquid embolic agents can be performed in critically ill patients and is an excellent treatment modality with high occlusion rates and low procedural complications.
Risk Prediction in Diverticulitis
Authors: Velez-Padilla Jonathan , Pastrana Del Valle Jonathan , Cavallaro Paul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAcute diverticulitis is a common sequela of colonic diverticulosis that often poses a significant dilemma for surgeons and patients considering surgical management of the disease. Importantly, the decision to recommend surgery for patients with diverticular disease hinges on identifying those who will benefit most in terms of preventing future disease-related complications. This review focuses on identifying patient risk factors that are predictive of onset of diverticulitis, recurrence of disease, and progression to complicated disease, such as abscess, fistula, or stricture, and aims to assist clinicians with counseling patients who are considering surgery versus medical management. Specifically, a variety of modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors have been identified across several studies that have strong associations with the development of diverticulitis, recurrence of uncomplicated disease, and progression to complicated disease. A handful of clinical scores have been described to guide surgeons and patients on their individual risk; however, none have been adopted into wider clinical practice. A novel polygenic risk score does show promise in potentially fulfilling this role. Nevertheless, there is significant room for innovation and development of new methods to risk-stratify patients presenting with the spectrum of diverticular disease.
Top 10 Clinical Pearls in Vasculitic Neuropathies
Authors: Pacut Peter , Gwathmey Kelly G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractVasculitic neuropathies are a diverse group of inflammatory polyneuropathies that result from systemic vasculitis (e.g., polyarteritis nodosa, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, microscopic polyangiitis), vasculitis resulting from rheumatological disorders (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome), paraneoplastic conditions, viruses, and medications. Occasionally, vasculitis is restricted to the peripheral nerves and termed nonsystemic vasculitic neuropathy. Presenting with an acute or subacute onset of painful sensory and motor deficits, ischemia to individual peripheral nerves results in the classic “mononeuritis multiplex” pattern. Over time, overlapping mononeuropathies will result in a symmetrical or asymmetrical sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy. The diagnosis of vasculitic neuropathies relies on extensive laboratory testing, electrodiagnostic testing, and nerve and/or other tissue biopsy. Treatment consists primarily of immunosuppressant medications such as corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide, rituximab, methotrexate, or azathioprine, in addition to neuropathic pain treatments. Frequently, other specialists such as rheumatologists, pulmonologists, and nephrologists will comanage these complex patients with systemic vasculitis. Prompt recognition of these conditions is imperative, as delays in treatment may result in permanent deficits and even death.
Anti-D Alloimmunization in Index Pregnancy after Appropriate Rho(D) Immune Globulin Injection in Two Obese Rh-Negative Patients
Authors: Rodriguez Stephanie , DeChristopher Phillip J. , Krum Kristen , Lal Ann 
Published: September 2024

Background The rhesus factor D (RhD)-negative patients who give birth to an RhD-positive newborn or who are otherwise exposed to RhD-positive red blood cells are at risk of developing anti-D antibodies. These antibodies may cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). During pregnancy, prevention of alloimmunization is completed with a Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIg).
Cases We report two cases, where obese patients developed alloimmunization, with high neonatal titers, after appropriate RhIG prophylaxis during the index pregnancy.
Conclusion Our cases demonstrate cases of anti D-alloimmunization in an index pregnancy, with high neonatal titers. Both patients are obese, with BMI > 35 mg/m2.
Key Points
How much soil do cattle ingest? A review
Authors: McConnachie Sue , Clayton Edward , Arundell Lis , Dominiak Bernie C. , Brock Pip 
Published: September 2024

Beef and dairy cattle commonly ingest soil when consuming forage-based diets in paddock feeding situations. However, the extent of this soil intake is poorly understood in the Australian environment and under Australian grazing systems. Therefore, the aim of the current literature review was to examine soil ingestion in cattle and the factors that affect ingestion. We found 11 studies containing soil-ingestion data, based in England, France, New Zealand and USA but none from Australia. A wide range in soil ingestion rates was reported and intake varied considerably with season, forage-pasture type, pasture-on-offer, stocking rate and grazing conditions. Generally, soil ingestion was lower in beef cattle than in dairy cattle. We considered the differences in reported levels, variables around those differences, and reliability of methodology used, and compared results with existing international guidelines. For Australian applications, we deduced and recommended that 0.5 kg/head.day is used until field-based research is conducted in Australia which might provide a more specific value for Australian conditions. Our review will inform future livestock management, particularly on contaminated agricultural land.
First Thomson scattering results from AWAKE’s helicon plasma source
Authors: Stollberg C , Guittienne Ph , Karimov R , Sublet A , Furno I , Vincent B , Andrebe Y , Buttenschön B 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We present the first results of electron density and temperature measurements obtained from Thomson scattering at the helicon plasma source (HPS) for the AWAKE project. These measurements are compared to simulation results from a 1D power and particle balance model (PPM), confirming that the plasma can be fully sustained by collisional power dissipation. The variations in plasma parameters under different experimental conditions are evaluated in the PPM framework. We discuss current limitations of the model and propose possible improvements. Additionally, we suggest modifications to the existing HPS setup to enhance axial plasma homogeneity.