bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A visão de educação e de ensino em Kant
Authors: Schulz Almiro 
Published: February 2017

Resumo: O texto tem como objetivo apresentar uma visão sintética sobre
a educação e o ensino na perspectiva de Kant a partir de textos onde o
assunto é abordado. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica e estruturação
da educação kantiana em cinco tópicos nos quais se procura mostrar que
a concepção de educação e de ensino pode ser compreendida como uma
necessidade, partindo da afirmação que “O homem é a única criatura que
precisa ser educada”. Como processo, a educação se desenvolve por diferentes
fases: cuidado, disciplina e instrução, ou seja, fases física e prática.
Como projeto, pois não se limita à educação do homem como indivíduo
apenas, a educação em Kant visa à humanidade no sentido cosmopolita cujo
fim é a humanização, quer dizer, a moralização como metodologia ou método
da educabilidade, uma vez que, para ele, a educação é uma arte dentre as mais
difíceis de ser exercida.
Palavras-Chave: Necessidade da educabilidade. Processo da educabilidade.
Projeto da educabilidade. Método da educabilidade.
The selection of surgical approach in the surgery of multiple rib fractures and flail chest
Authors: Корымасов Е.А , Бенян А.С 
Published: February 2017

Актуальность В хирургии тяжелых повреждений груди достижение стабилизации грудной клетки является одним из ключевых факторов, обеспечивающих положительный исход лечения. Оперативная фиксация переломов является надежным и эффективным способом стабилизации, однако множество технологий обусловливают необходимость уточнения, оценки и совершенствования подходов, в том числе и в вопросе выбора оперативного доступа.Цель исследования Выбор оптимального доступа для выполнения остеосинтеза ребер у пострадавших с тяжелой закрытой травмой грудной клетки.Материал и методы В статье описан опыт хирургического лечения 75 пациентов с множественными и флотирующими переломами ребер. Всем пациентам проведен остеосинтез ребер с помощью системы фиксации «Matrix Rib». Были выделены 2 группы пациентов: I группа – 36 пациентов, у которых доступ осуществляли посредством разреза мягких тканей по ходу межреберий; II группа – 39 пациентов, у которых были применены альтернативные и усовершенствованные варианты хирургического доступа. В работе использованы новые технические приспособления, способствующие усовершенствованию хирургической техники остеосинтеза ребер: сетка для маркировки операционного поля, троакар, двухканальный торакопорт для однопортовой торакоскопии.Результаты и их обсуждение Дана оценка различным видам доступов, приведены их количественные и качественные характеристики. Статистически значимого влияния вида оперативного доступа на показатели морбидности и летальности не выявлено. У пациентов II группы достигнуто уменьшение длины хирургического разреза доступа, сокращение длительности операции, отсутствие необходимости в дополнительных доступах.Выводы Наилучшие условия для выполнения остеосинтеза ребер создает хирургический доступ, осуществляемый в проекции линий переломов предполагаемых для восстановления ребер. Применение специальных приспособлений позволяет выполнять оперативную фиксацию отломков ребер через миниинвазивные доступы, а также проводить торакоскопию для устранения внутриплевральных повреждений.
Analysis of the relationships between the spatial arrangement of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys of Central Poland in the light of GIS methods
Authors: Szmidt Aleksander 
Published: February 2017

The article presents an example of application of selected GIS methods for showing connections between the course of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys in Central Poland. The analysed area was shaped in the conditions of environment as early as the Palaeogene and Neogene, but the greatest impact on the present-day landscape came from the morphogenetic processes which operated in the Quaternary.Palaeogeographic studies of the analysed area often point to the possible dependencies between the contemporary landscape and its substrate, particularly as regards the valley system. In order to verify this hypothesis, on the basis of archival cartographic materials and a Digital Elevation Model of the current terrain, a procedure for conducting analyses with the use of commonly available GIS tools was proposed. Results of the conducted analysis allow for stating that the major river valleys of Central Poland in large part correspond to the arrangement of the fossil valley system, and the relationships are most easily noticeable for the largest valleys.
Stan hydromorfologiczny górnego odcinka rzeki Ner w świetle zastosowania metody River Habitat Survey (RHS)
Authors: Szymkiewicz Joanna , Twardy Juliusz 
Published: February 2017

Latem 2014 roku zbadano przy wykorzystaniu metody River Habitat Survey (RHS) stan hydromorfologiczny górnego odcinka rzeki Ner. Posługiwanie się wymienioną metodą polega na przeprowadzeniu badań terenowych na wytypowanych odcinkach rzek. Podczas badań terenowych w specjalnych formularzach zbiera się kilkaset jakościowych i ilościowych parametrów dotyczących zarówno koryta rzecznego, jak i dna dolinnego, a także roślinności, użytkowania ziemi, budowli hydrotechnicznych itp. Zebrane dane pozwalają obliczyć dwa syntetyczne wskaźniki hydromorfologiczne, na podstawie których określa się klasę stanu hydromorfologicznego badanego odcinak rzeki. Do badań wybrano trzy odcinki: najwyższy odcinek Huta Wiskicka (I), następnie leżący niżej odcinek Gadka Stara (II) i odcinek najniższy – Lublinek (III). Odcinki badawcze I i II były położone poza granicami administracyjnymi Łodzi, natomiast odcinek III znajdował się w granicach miasta. Uzyskano umiarkowane i stosunkowo słabe oceny stanu hydromorfologicznego górnego odcinka Neru: odcinek najwyższy cechował stan słaby (klasa IV), odcinek środkowy miał stan umiarkowany (klasa III), a odcinek najniższy – stan zły (klasa V).
NOVI HORIZONTI U PEDAGOŠKOJ ODGOVORNOSTI
Authors: Knežević Florić Olivera 
Published: February 2017

Konstrukt društva znanja ili društva učenja, danas se opojmljuje kao ontička potreba a ne ideal, a strategija doživotnog obrazovanja kao vid njegovog postvarenja. Društvena transformacija u kojoj živimo pokrenuta je radikalnom promenom u značenju znanja kao fenomena. I na Zapadu i na Istoku, znanje se oduvek poimalo kao nešto što se odnosi na biće, na postojanje; danas je znanje delanje, činjenje, ostvarenje. Postalo je resurs i korisno dobro, tačnije javno dobro. U tom smislu, nova obrazovna paradigma promoviše ispravnost delovanja, a ne savršenost znanja. Interakcija sveta rada i sveta obrazovanja do sada se ogledala u metafori izjednačavanja škole i fabrike (autoritarni hijerarhijski sistem, birokratija, rigidna podela rada, striktna uputstva za rad, kontrola u svim segmentima, ...); savremeni društveni diskurs traži novu metaforu škole – škole kao zajednice učenja.
U prvom delu rada, autorka iz ugla interpretativne paradigme razmatra pretpostavke društva znanja i njihove implikacije na pedagošku refleksiju. U drugom delu rada, naglašava se značaj kritičkog odnosa prema zanemarivanju bitnih pretpostavki društva znanja za pedagošku stvarnost, kao i potreba za redefinisanjem pedagoške odgovornosti nastavnika u pedagoškoj praksi društva znanja.
COGNITIVE ASSESSMENT SYSTEM (CAS)– OPIS PROCEDURE I ISKUSTVO U PRIMENI NA NAŠOJ POPULACIJI
Authors: Trbojević Jovana , Majstorović Nebojša , Bala Gustav 
Published: February 2017

Cilj ovog rada je da se lokalna stručna javnost upozna sa testom kognitivnih sposobnosti koji se još nije primenjivao na našoj populaciji, kao i da se prikažu rezultati analize psihometrijskih svojstava iz primene ovog testa u okviru jedne pilot studije. Sistem za procenu kognitivnog funkcionisanja (Cognitive Assessment System - CAS) je namenjen merenju kognitivne efikasnosti kod dece uzrasta od 5 do 17 godina. Prema autorima testa, četiri faktora od kojih zavisi efikasnost u kognitivnom procesiranju su: planiranje, pažnja, simultana i sukcesivna obrada. CAS ima standardnu (12 subtestova, sa po 3 subtesta po svakom faktoru kognicije) i bazičnu formu (8 subtestova, sa po 2 subtesta po svakom faktoru). U ovom istraživanju primenjena je Bazična baterija na uzorku od 93 deteta (69% dečaka), uzrasta od 5,5 do 7,5 godina . Rezultati pokazuju da su metrijska svojstva CAS-a zadovoljavajuća, da je distribucija skorova bliska normalnoj, da nema polnih razlika, a da su dobijene uzrasne razlike u skladu sa očekivanim. Rezultati analize glanvih komponenti pokazuju da CAS subtestovi tvore trofaktorsku latentnu strukturu, kao i jedan faktor višeg reda,ali i da je nametnuta četvorofaktorska latentna struktura informativna i u skladu sa PASS teorijom. Praktična primena CAS testa se ogleda u proceni kognitivnih procesa koji imaju najveći značaj u školskom sistemu, u detetovom daljem razvoju i školovanju.
RELACIJE AKADEMSKE DAROVITOSTI SA GIMNAZIJSKIM USMERENJEM UČENIKA I NIVOOM OBRAZOVANJA RODITELJA
Authors: Pekić Jasmina 
Published: February 2017

Istraživanje prikazano u radu pretenduje da ponudi odgovore na dva pitanja: kakva je struktura razlika u intelektualnim sposobnostima učenika darovitih u dvema široko definisanim područjima znanja ili akademskim domenima, kao i da li se nivo akademske darovitosti gimnazijalaca razlikuje u odnosu na obrazovanje njihovih roditelja. Istraživanje je sprovedeno na uzorku od 177 gimnazijalaca prirodno-matematičkog i društveno- jezičkog smera sa teritorije Srbije, koji su identifikovani kao daroviti na osnovu natprosečnog postignuća na Kibernetičkoj bateriji testova inteligencije - KOG 3 (IQ>120) i odličnog školskog uspeha (prosečna ocena na polugodištu iznad 4,50). Konstrukt akademske darovitosti definisan je kao napredna ovladanost različitim akademskim područjima znanja, koja se temelji na visokim kognitivnim potencijalima, intrinzičkoj motivaciji i kreativnosti. Ovako definisana akademska darovitost merena je skalom od 13 ajtema, koja je konstruisana za potrebe istraživanja. Ispitivanje razlika u intelektualnom profilu učenika darovitih u dva šire definisana akademska domena upućuje na osnovanost razlikovanja dveju osnovnih formi akademskog talenta, od kojih je jedna verbalnog a druga neverbalnog tipa. Preciznije rečeno, dobijeni rezultati upućuju na veću razvijenost verbalnih sposobnosti u grupi akademski darovitih učenika koji pohađaju društveno-jezički smer gimnazije, dok su više sposobnosti vizuelne spacijalizacije registrovane u grupi darovitih učenika prirodno-matematičkog smera. Osim toga, ispitivanjem relacija između nivoa akademske darovitosti i obrazovanja roditelja, ustanovljene su značajne razlike jedino u odnosu na obrazovni nivo majke.
Electronic Cigarette using in Surabaya’s Personal Vaporizer Community
Authors: Damayanti Apsari 
Published: February 2017

Electronic cigarette is devices capable of delivering nicotine in an aerosolized form. The number of electronic cigarette users is increasing. Data showed an Indonesia electronic cigarette user in 2010 to 2011 is 0,5%. This research was observasional decriptive study and used cross sectional design. This research was conducted to 31 Surabaya’s Personal Vaporizer members. The dependent variable in this study was electronic cigarette using, while independent variable were the knowledge, accessibility and family factor. Data were analyzed by prevalens ratio. The result showed that using of electronic cigarette mostly suffered by respondent age 26 to 35 years old was equal to 54,8%, male (96,8%) and educational level was senior high school to university (100%), occupation was employee (71%), had a smoking history (93,6%), and using electronic cigarette for smoking cessation (80,6%). The analyzed with prevalens ratio showed that right knowlegde about electronic cigarette was a protective factor to being using electronic cigarette (PR=0,89), accessibility ≤ Rp 100.000 was a risk to being using electronic cigarette, and family was a protective factor to being using electronic cigarette (PR=0,95). From all variable which were studied, only accessibility that a risk factor with electronic cigarette using. Therefore, education about electronic cigarette haved to do and controlling toward electronic cigarette user needed to do. Keywords : electronic cigarette, accessibility, community, knowledge, behavior
Microscale Investigations of Soil Heterogeneity: Impacts on Zinc Retention and Uptake in Zinc‐Contaminated Soils
Authors: Rosenfeld Carla E. , Chaney Rufus L. , Tappero Ryan V. , Martínez Carmen E. 
Published: February 2017

Metal contaminants in soils can persist for millennia, causing lasting negative impacts on local ecosystems. Long‐term contaminant bioavailability is related to soil pH and to the strength and stability of solid‐phase associations. We combined physical density separation with synchrotron‐based microspectroscopy to reduce solid‐phase complexity and to study Zn speciation in field‐contaminated soils. We also investigated Zn uptake in two Zn‐hyperaccumulating ecotypes of Noccaea caerulescens (Ganges and Prayon). Soils were either moderately contaminated (500–800 mg Zn kg−1 via contaminated biosolids application) or grossly enriched (26,000 mg Zn kg−1 via geogenic enrichment). Soils were separated using sodium polytungstate into three fractions: light fraction (LF) (<1.6 g cm−3), medium fraction (MF) (1.6–2.8 g cm−3), and heavy fraction (HF) (>2.8 g cm−3). Approximately 45% of the total Zn was associated with MF in biosolids‐contaminated soils. From these data, we infer redistribution to the MF after biosolids application because Zn in biosolids is principally associated with HF and LF. Our results suggest that increasing proportions of HF‐associated Zn in soils may be related to greater relative Zn removal by Zn hyperaccumulating plants. Using density fractions enabled assessment of Zn speciation on a microscale despite incomplete fractionation. Analyzing both density fractions and whole soils revealed certain phases (e.g., ZnS, Zn coprecipitated with Fe oxides) that were not obvious in all analyses, indicating multiple views of the same soils enable a more complete understanding of Zn speciation.Core Ideas
Ice embedding is a preferable method to prepare thin sections for μXAS analysis.
Soil phases essential for retaining Zn may be obscured in complex samples.
Zn removal is soil dependent and does not match well with single parameters.
Zn redistribution can occur over decades after contamination.
Solid phase Zn redistribution can continually alter Zn bioavailability.
Current Challenges and Opportunities for Chemoprevention of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Mohammed Altaf , Janakiram Naveena B. , Madka Venkateshwar , Li Min , Asch Adam S. , Rao Chinthalapally V. 
Published: February 2017

Background:
The incidence of pancreatic cancer (PC) is rising in parallel with the deaths
caused by this malignant disease largely due to limited improvement in current treatment strategies. In
spite of aggressive PC research, for the past three decades, there has been no significant improvement
in the five-year survival for this cancer. Like many other cancers, it takes several years for normal
pancreatic cells to transform into pancreatic precursor lesions and to further progress into invasive carcinoma.
Hence there is a scope for the development of chemo-preventive strategies to inhibit/
delay/prevent progression of this disease into an advanced stage cancer.

Objective:
Chemoprevention of pancreatic cancer.

Method:
Review of published literature.

OResults and Conclusion:

Availability of various genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models of PC
has led to accelerated progress in understanding the disease and developing intervention strategies otherwise
stalled for a long time. These GEM models spontaneously develop PC in a stepwise manner
and mimic the disease etiology in humans. Understanding PC development from initiation to progression
to metastasis is very important for early detection and prevention of PC. In this review, we focus
on the current situation, the potential challenges, the progress in existing strategies and available opportunities
as well as suggest key areas for research within the increasingly important area of pancreatic
cancer chemoprevention.
Pharmacological Profile and Pharmacogenomics of Anti-Cancer Drugs Used for Targeted Therapy
Authors: Di Francia Raffaele , De Monaco Angela , Saggese Mariangela , Iaccarino Giancarla , Crisci Stefania , Frigeri Ferdinando , De Filippi Rosaria , Berretta Massimiliano , Pinto Antonio 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Drugs for targeted therapies are primarily Small Molecules Inhibitors
(SMIs), monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), interfering RNA molecules and microRNA. The use of
these new agents generates a multifaceted step in the pharmacokinetics (PK) of these drugs. Individual
PK variability is often large, and unpredictability observed in the response to the pharmacogenetic
profile of the patient (e.g. cytochome P450 enzyme), patient characteristics such as adherence
to treatment and environmental factors.

Objective:
This review aims to overview the latest anticancer drugs eligible for targeted therapies
and the most recent finding in pharmacogenomics related to toxicity/resistance of either individual
gene polymorphisms or acquired mutation in a cancer cell. In addition, an early outline evaluation of
the genotyping costs and methods has been taken into consideration.

Future Outlook:

To date, therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of mAbs and SMIs is not yet supported
by heavy scientific evidence. Extensive effort should be made for targeted therapies to better
define concentration-effect relationships and to perform comparative randomized trials of classic
dosing versus PK-guided adaptive dosing. The detection of individual pharmacogenomics profile
could be the key for the oncologists that will have new resources to make treatment decisions for
their patients in order to maximize the benefit and minimize the toxicity. Based on this purpose, the
clinician should evaluate advantages and limitations, in terms of costs and applicability, of the most
appropriate pharmacological approach to performing a tailored therapy.
New Insight into Progesterone-dependent Signalization
Authors: Kociszewska Karolina , Czekaj Piotr 
Published: February 2017

Background:Various effects of steroid hormone activity cannot easily be explained by the action of classical nuclear receptors and genomic signal transduction pathways. These activities are manifested principally as rapid processes, lasting from seconds to minutes, resulting in changes in ion transduction, calcium intracellular concentration, and level of the second messengers, which cannot be realized through the genomic pathway. Hence, it has been proposed that other kinds of mediators should be involved in steroid-induced processes, namely receptors located on the cell surface. The search for their chemical nature and role is of utmost importance. Current state of knowledge confirms their relation to GPCRs. Moreover, it seems that almost every nuclear receptor specific for steroid hormone family has its membrane-bound equivalent.Objective:In this review, we summarize current state of knowledge about nuclear and membrane receptors for progesterone, and describe their potential functions alone, as well as in cooperation with other receptors.Conclusion:In the light of common expression, both in species and organs, membrane receptors could play a role that is at least comparable to nuclear receptors. Further exploration of membrane receptor-dependent signaling pathways could give a new insight in the treatment of many endocrine and oncological pathologies.
Association Between Knowledge of Child Development and Parenting: A Systematic Review
Authors: September Shiron Jade , Rich Edna , Roman Nicolette 
Published: February 2017

Background:
Parents who understand early child development are better informed on how to respond to children’s needs. They are also in a better position to identify developmental delays as opposed to a parent with less knowledge of child development.

Objective:
The aim of the review was to systematically appraise quantitative studies to establish the association between knowledge of child development and parenting styles.

Methods:
A comprehensive search, through databases namely: Ebscohost (Academic search complete, Africa-Wide information, PsychArticles, SocIndex, Cinahl), JStor, Sciencedirect, Springerlink, Pubmed and Sage was conducted in August 2014 for the previous 12 years. The methodological quality of the studies were independently evaluated and reviewed by two reviewers.

Results:
The findings indicate that there is an association between knowledge of child development and parenting styles. While there is an association it may be more of a moderating factor.

Conclusion:
Future studies may benefit from using other forms of assessment in con-junction with self report assessments.
Prognostic Value of Residual Urine Volume, GFR by 24-hour Urine Collection, and eGFR in Patients Receiving Dialysis
Authors: Lee Mi Jung , Park Jung Tak , Park Kyoung Sook , Kwon Young Eun , Oh Hyung Jung , Yoo Tae-Hyun , Kim Yong-Lim , Kim Yon Su , Yang Chul Woo , Kim Nam-Ho , Kang Shin-Wook , Han Seung Hyeok 
Published: February 2017

Background and objectives
Residual kidney function can be assessed by simply measuring urine volume, calculating GFR using 24-hour urine collection, or estimating GFR using the proposed equation (eGFR). We aimed to investigate the relative prognostic value of these residual kidney function parameters in patients on dialysis.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Using the database from a nationwide prospective cohort study, we compared differential implications of the residual kidney function indices in 1946 patients on dialysis at 36 dialysis centers in Korea between August 1, 2008 and December 31, 2014. Residual GFR calculated using 24-hour urine collection was determined by an average of renal urea and creatinine clearance on the basis of 24-hour urine collection. eGFR-urea, creatinine and eGFR β
2-microglobulin were calculated from the equations using serum urea and creatinine and β
2-microglobulin, respectively. The primary outcome was all-cause death.

Results
During a mean follow-up of 42 months, 385 (19.8%) patients died. In multivariable Cox analyses, residual urine volume (hazard ratio, 0.96 per 0.1-L/d higher volume; 95% confidence interval, 0.94 to 0.98) and GFR calculated using 24-hour urine collection (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 0.99) were independently associated with all-cause mortality. In 1640 patients who had eGFR β
2-microglobulin data, eGFR β
2-microglobulin (hazard ratio, 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.96 to 0.99) was also significantly associated with all-cause mortality as well as residual urine volume (hazard ratio, 0.96 per 0.1-L/d higher volume; 95% confidence interval, 0.94 to 0.98) and GFR calculated using 24-hour urine collection (hazard ratio, 0.97; 95% confidence interval, 0.95 to 0.99). When each residual kidney function index was added to the base model, only urine volume improved the predictability for all-cause mortality (net reclassification index =0.11, P=0.01; integrated discrimination improvement =0.01, P=0.01).

Conclusions
Higher residual urine volume was significantly associated with a lower risk of death and exhibited a stronger association with mortality than GFR calculated using 24-hour urine collection and eGFR-urea, creatinine. These results suggest that determining residual urine volume may be beneficial to predict patient survival in patients on dialysis.