bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
N2 AND CO DESORPTION ENERGIES FROM WATER ICE
Authors: Fayolle Edith C. , Balfe Jodi , Loomis Ryan , Bergner Jennifer , Graninger Dawn , Rajappan Mahesh , Öberg Karin I. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The relative desorption energies of CO and N2 are key to interpretations of observed interstellar CO and N2 abundance patterns, including the well-documented CO and N2H+ anti-correlations in disks, protostars, and molecular cloud cores. Based on laboratory experiments on pure CO and N2 ice desorption, the difference between CO and N2 desorption energies is small; the N2-to-CO desorption energy ratio is 0.93 ± 0.03. Interstellar ices are not pure, however, and in this study we explore the effect of water ice on the desorption energy ratio of the two molecules. We present temperature programmed desorption experiments of different coverages of 13CO and 15N2 on porous and compact amorphous water ices and, for reference, of pure ices. In all experiments, 15N2 desorption begins a few degrees before the onset of 13CO desorption. The 15N2 and 13CO energy barriers are 770 and 866 K for the pure ices, 1034–1143 K and 1155–1298 K for different submonolayer coverages on compact water ice, and 1435 and 1575 K for ∼1 ML of ice on top of porous water ice. For all equivalent experiments, the N2-to-CO desorption energy ratio is consistently 0.9. Whenever CO and N2 ice reside in similar ice environments (e.g., experience a similar degree of interaction with water ice) their desorption temperatures should thus be within a few degrees of one another. A smaller N2-to-CO desorption energy ratio may be present in interstellar and circumstellar environments if the average CO ice molecules interacts more with water ice compared to the average N2 molecules.
ABSENCE OF SIGNIFICANT COOL DISKS IN YOUNG STELLAR OBJECTS EXHIBITING REPETITIVE OPTICAL OUTBURSTS
Authors: Liu Hauyu Baobab , Galván-Madrid Roberto , Vorobyov Eduard I. , Kóspál Ágnes , Rodríguez Luis F. , Dunham Michael M. , Hirano Naomi , Henning Thomas , Takami Michihiro , Dong Ruobing , Hashimoto Jun , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Carrasco-González Carlos 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We report Submillimeter Array 1.3 mm high angular resolution observations toward the four EXor-type outbursting young stellar objects VY Tau, V1118 Ori, V1143 Ori, and NY Ori. The data mostly show low dust masses M
dust in the associated circumstellar disks. Among the sources, NY Ori possesses a relatively massive disk with M
dust ∼ 9 × 10−4
M
⊙. V1118 Ori has a marginal detection equivalent to M
dust ∼ 6 × 10−5
M
⊙. V1143 Ori has a non-detection also equivalent to M
dust < 6 × 10−5
M
⊙. For the nearest source, VY Tau, we get a surprising non-detection that provides a stringent upper limit M
dust < 6 × 10−6
M
⊙. We interpret our findings as suggesting that the gas and dust reservoirs that feed the short-duration, repetitive optical outbursts seen in some EXors may be limited to the small-scale, innermost region of their circumstellar disks. This hot dust may have escaped our detection limits. Follow-up, more sensitive millimeter observations are needed to improve our understanding of the triggering mechanisms of EXor-type outbursts.
NEUTRON-STAR MERGER EJECTA AS OBSTACLES TO NEUTRINO-POWERED JETS OF GAMMA-RAY BURSTS
Authors: Just O. , Obergaulinger M. , Janka H.-T. , Bauswein A. , Schwarz N. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the first special relativistic, axisymmetric hydrodynamic simulations of black hole-torus systems (approximating general relativistic gravity) as remnants of binary-neutron star (NS–NS) and neutron star–black hole (NS–BH) mergers, in which the viscously driven evolution of the accretion torus is followed with self-consistent energy-dependent neutrino transport and the interaction with the cloud of dynamical ejecta expelled during the NS–NS merging is taken into account. The modeled torus masses, BH masses and spins, and the ejecta masses, velocities, and spatial distributions are adopted from relativistic merger simulations. We find that energy deposition by neutrino annihilation can accelerate outflows with initially high Lorentz factors along polar low-density funnels, but only in mergers with extremely low baryon pollution in the polar regions. NS–BH mergers, where polar mass ejection during the merging phase is absent, provide sufficiently baryon-poor environments to enable neutrino-powered, ultrarelativistic jets with terminal Lorentz factors above 100 and considerable dynamical collimation, favoring short gamma-ray bursts (sGRBs), although their typical energies and durations might be too small to explain the majority of events. In the case of NS–NS mergers, however, neutrino emission of the accreting and viscously spreading torus is too short and too weak to yield enough energy for the outflows to break out from the surrounding ejecta shell as highly relativistic jets. We conclude that neutrino annihilation alone cannot power sGRBs from NS–NS mergers.
THE ROLE OF MEAN-MOTION RESONANCES IN SEMIMAJOR AXIS MOBILITY OF ASTEROIDS
Authors: Milić Žitnik Ivana , Novaković Bojan 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Here, we report our findings about the effect of 11 two-body mean-motion resonances (MMRs) with Jupiter, on the mobility of an asteroid’s semimajor axis caused by the Yarkovsky effect. This study is accomplished using numerical integrations of test particles. The obtained results reveal that MMRs could either speed up or slow down the drift in the semimajor axis. Moreover, this allows us to determine the distribution that represents the best data obtained for time delays dtr caused by the resonances on the mobility of an asteroid. We also found a certain functional relationship that describes dependence of the average time lead/lag

on the strength of the resonance SR and the semimajor axis drift speed da/dt. As the Yarkovsky effect scales as

, an important consequence of this relationship is that average time lead/lag

is directly proportional to the diameter D of an asteroid.
Martin Heidegger, de la Grande Guerre au nazisme : la « brutalisation » d’un philosophe (1914-1933) ?
Authors: Payen Guillaume 
Published: January 2016

Dans quelle mesure l’évolution de Martin Heidegger le conduisant en 1933 à appeler à « l’anéantissement total » de l’ennemi intérieur peut-elle être comprise par la théorie de George Mosse de la « brutalisation » de la politique allemande après la Première Guerre mondiale ? Vétéran quoique n’ayant pas connu la première ligne, Heidegger fut en effet radicalisé par son expérience de l’armée, sans que c’en fût la seule cause : le « mythe de l’expérience de la guerre », diffusé par la culture du temps, de même que la paix brutale subie par l’Allemagne, jouèrent également un rôle significatif et conforme aux thèses de Mosse. Cela n’aurait pu avoir lieu sans les arrière-plans idéologiques critiques de Heidegger : d’abord un catholicisme intransigeant, puis les idéaux du Mouvement de jeunesse, enfin le nazisme.
Du ralentissement au déraillement : le développement du sabotage en France (1897-1914)
Authors: Pinsolle Dominique 
Published: January 2016

Adopté par la CGT en 1897, le sabotage est au départ conçu comme une dégradation volontaire et clandestine de la qualité du travail, du matériel ou de la production elle-même, afin de nuire uniquement aux intérêts de l’employeur. Aux yeux de certains militants, il devient à partir de la grève des Postes de 1909, et plus encore après celle des cheminots de 1910, un mode d’action susceptible de paralyser le pays tout entier, avant d’occuper une place centrale dans les plans de « sabotage de la mobilisation » élaborés au sein des milieux anarchistes. Cet article vise à comprendre comment une pratique au départ marginale et cantonnée au lieu de production a pu constituer une menace d’ampleur nationale dans les années précédant le premier conflit mondial.
« Maréchaux de la curiosité » et critiques : la diversité des discours sur la peinture à la fin du XVIII e siècle siècle
Authors: Bakkali Sarah 
Published: January 2016

Résumé On sépare traditionnellement les discours sur la production artistique entre ceux de la critique officielle du Salon, prétendument légitime et désintéressée, et ceux du monde du commerce, souvent considéré avec méfiance par cette critique et les institutions. Cette étude s’interroge sur la place du « discours marchand » dans l’ensemble des discours sur la peinture à la fin du XVIII e siècle.Nous abordons d’abord les origines de ce discours marchand et tentons d’en définir les contours et le profil de ses orateurs. Nous évoquons ensuite la place de ce discours face à ce qu’on appelle la « critique » au travers des trois principaux enjeux : l’autorité morale à discourir, la légitimité du jugement et la promotion d’un art édifiant et patriotique.Sur ce dernier enjeu, il apparaît à la fin du XVIII e siècle un net rapprochement entre les deux discours. On observe en particulier que les plus importants marchands de l’époque n’hésitent pas à littéralement s’approprier la posture et le discours du critique. Cette mutation s’inscrit dans une stratégie de construction d’une image et aussi de rapprochement avec le pouvoir et les institutions, et en premier lieu le Muséum.
Le privilège des femmes dans la critique d’art en France, 1785-1815
Authors: Belnap Jensen Heather , Sofio Séverine 
Published: January 2016

Résumé De 1785 à 1815, un groupe réduit mais extrêmement visible d’écrivaines – certaines anonymes, d’autres plus reconnues – a publié plusieurs textes sur les beaux-arts dans la presse périodique ainsi que dans des romans, des guides touristiques, des mémoires et d’autres espaces littéraires, contribuant ainsi au domaine naissant de la critique d’art. Étant donné leur position extérieure ou marginale vis-à-vis de l’Académie et des instances officielles de régulation du monde de l’art, ces femmes sont demeurées à la périphérie de celui-ci. Néanmoins, elles ont su capitaliser sur leur statut d’outsider en mettant en avant leur identité de femme dans leurs écrits, afin de faire de leur appartenance sexuée l’origine d’un point de vue privilégié sur l’art contemporain et la société de leur temps. En mobilisant la théorie féministe du point de vue ( standpoint theory ) qui soutient que les individus provenant des marges de l’espace social ont une conscience alternative des phénomènes sociaux, cet article montre comment certaines femmes qui ont écrit sur l’art ont fondé leur droit à contribuer à la critique d’art en raison de leur sensibilité particulière, de leur supériorité morale et de leur capacité à proposer des critiques sincères et impartiales.
Le commerce de la critique : journalisme musical et corruption au milieu du xix e siècle
Authors: Campos Rémy 
Published: January 2016

Résumé Au xix e siècle, le développement d’une presse musicale spécialisée et la présence dans la plupart des quotidiens et des revues de feuilletons dédiés à l’actualité musicale ont multiplié les occasions de controverses artistiques. Celles-ci ont été généralement étudiées d’un point de vue exclusivement esthétique. À partir d’une querelle sur la nature de la musique liturgique et plus précisément sur le style idéal de la musique d’orgue à l’église déclenchée en 1856 par le plus célèbre critique musical du moment, François-Joseph Fétis, cet article met à jour la nature complexe de la critique musicale, en prise directe avec des intérêts financiers parfois considérables alors qu’elle proteste sans cesse de son désintéressement.Le décalage entre discours public et commerce de l’art est particulièrement frappant dans les correspondances privées. Dans le cas étudié, les manœuvres occultes d’Aristide Cavaillé-Coll, chef d’une manufacture d’orgue parmi les plus prospères d’Europe pour imposer tel ou tel artiste lors de l’inauguration de l’un de ses instruments, déterminent les prises de position dans l’espace public de la plupart des acteurs du scandale déclenché par Fétis. Ainsi, ce qui semblait une pure controverse esthétique s’avère sous-tendu par une économie du jugement qui ne s’élabore pas seulement dans la solitude du cabinet du critique mais est la résultante d’un jeu de forces en prise directe avec le marché des biens musicaux.
Molecular Analysis of Lipid-Reactive Vδ1 γδ T Cells Identified by CD1c Tetramers
Authors: Roy Sobhan , Ly Dalam , Castro Caitlin D. , Li Nan-Sheng , Hawk Andrew J. , Altman John D. , Meredith Stephen C. , Piccirilli Joseph A. , Moody D. Branch , Adams Erin J. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
CD1c is abundantly expressed on human dendritic cells (DC) and B cells, where it binds and displays lipid Ags to T cells. In this study, we report that CD1c tetramers carrying Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphomycoketide bind γδ TCRs. An unbiased method of ligand-based TCR selection detects interactions only with Vδ1+ TCRs, and mutational analyses demonstrate a role of the Vδ1 domain during recognition. These results strengthen evidence for a role of CD1c in the γδ T cell response, providing biophysical evidence for CD1c–γδ TCR interactions and a named foreign Ag. Surprisingly, TCRs also bind CD1c complexes formed with diverse lipids such as lysophosphatidylcholine, sulfatide, or mannosyl-phosophomycoketide, but not lipopeptide ligands. Dissection of TCR interactions with CD1c carrying foreign Ags, permissive ligands, and nonpermissive lipid ligands clarifies the molecular basis of the frequently observed but poorly understood phenomenon of mixed self- and foreign Ag reactivity in the CD1 system.
Safety Leadership Defined within the Australian Construction Industry
Authors: Daniel Luke 
Published: January 2016

This research explores the tenets of safety leadership within the Australian construction environment. The scope of this research aims to establish a universal definition of safety leadership and how it differs from other leadership disciplines. The literature review into this topic was governed by the parent disciplines of Safety and Leadership. Gaps were identified in the literature that indicated safety leadership is not a well-defined concept and much of the work into safety leadership has been borrowed from other schools of leadership. An exploratory research methodology was utilised which rooted the research into the post-positivist methodology. There were twenty interviews conducted for this research, with participants coming from various leadership positions across multiple construction projects around Australia. Findings detailed a saturation of data that allowed for an empirical definition towards safety leadership to be established. As a person’s scope of responsibility increases, their view of safety leadership becomes synonymous with leadership; although differences do exist. These differences were attributed to the importance of demonstrating safety and working within the legal framework of Australian construction projects. It is proposed that this research offers a substantial contribution to knowledge, based upon a well-defined definition into safety leadership.
Moderating Effects of Teachers’ Teaching Experience on Home Learning Associated with Literacy Skills among Chinese Preschoolers
Authors: Yee Chan Mei , Arshat Zarinah 
Published: January 2016

<p>This study was designed to determine the influence of home learning on Chinese preschoolers’ literacy skills is likely to be moderated by the level of teacher’s teaching experience. There were 136 preschoolers aged ranged between three to six years old with their parents and teachers recruited in this study using a Multi-Stage Cluster sampling technique. The results of the Hierarchical Multiple Regression analysis indicate that teacher’s teaching experience has a significant moderating effect on the strengths of the relationship between home learning and preschoolers’ literacy skills. Further research is needed to investigate more deeply to identify whether these relationships are upheld over time and with diverse sample. </p>
Validation of the “Quality of Life in School” instrument in Canadian elementary school students
Authors: Ghotra Satvinder , McIsaac Jessie-Lee D. , Kirk Sara F.L. , Kuhle Stefan 
Published: January 2016

Background.School is an integral component of the life of a child, and thus quality of school life is an important part of the overall quality of life experienced by a child. There are a few instruments available to measure the quality of school life but they are often not available in English, or they are not appropriate for use alongside other instruments in a survey of young children. The Quality of Life in School (QoLS) instrument is a short, self-report measure to assess elementary school students’ perception of their quality of school life in four domains. The instrument was developed in Israel and has been validated among Hebrew-speaking children. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the QoLS measure in Canadian elementary school children.Methods.A total of 629 children attending grades 4–6 were recruited in a population-based cross-sectional study. The QoLS measure was administered to participating children by trained research assistants. In addition, their socio-demographic details and academic data were also obtained. The psychometric testing included exploratory factor analysis and reliability estimation using internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha). Construct validity was investigated using the known groups comparisons for discriminative validity and via convergent validity.Results.A four-factor structure was generated explaining 39% of the total variance in the model. The results showed good internal consistency and acceptable floor and ceiling effects. Cronbach’s Alpha ranged from 0.75 to 0.93. Known groups comparisons showed that the QoLS measure discriminated well between subgroups on the basis of gender, grade, and academic achievement, thus providing evidence of construct validity. The convergent validity was also appropriate with all the four domains demonstrating moderate to strong correlations to each other and to the total QoLS score.Conclusions.QoLS appears to be a valid and reliable measure for quality of school life assessment in young Canadian children.
Acute hypothalamic suppression significantly affects trabecular bone but not cortical bone following recovery and ovariectomy surgery in a rat model
Authors: Yingling Vanessa R. , Mitchell Kathryn A. , Lunny Megan 
Published: January 2016

Background.Osteoporosis is “a pediatric disease with geriatric consequences.” Bone morphology and tissue quality co-adapt during ontogeny for sufficient bone stiffness. Altered bone morphology from hypothalamic amenorrhea, a risk factor for low bone mass in women, may affect bone strength later in life. Our purpose was to determine if altered morphology following hypothalamic suppression during development affects cortical bone strength and trabecular bone volume (BV/TV) at maturity.Methods.Female rats (25 days old) were assigned to a control (C) group (n= 45) that received saline injections (.2 cc) or an experimental group (GnRH-a) (n= 45) that received gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist injections (.24 mg per dose) for 25 days. Fifteen animals from each group were sacrificed immediately after the injection protocol at Day 50 (C, GnRH-a). The remaining animals recovered for 135 days and a subset of each group was sacrificed at Day 185 ((C-R) (n= 15) and (G-R) (n= 15)). The remaining animals had an ovariectomy surgery (OVX) at 185 days of age and were sacrificed 40 days later (C-OVX) (n= 15) and (G-OVX) (n= 15). After sacrifice femurs were mechanically tested and scanned using micro CT. Serum C-terminal telopeptides (CTX) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were measured. Two-way ANOVA (2 groups (GnRH-a and Control) X 3 time points (Injection Protocol, Recovery, post-OVX)) was computed.Results.GnRH-a injections suppressed uterine weights (72%) and increased CTX levels by 59%. Bone stiffness was greater in the GnRH-a groups compared to C. Ash content and cortical bone area were similar between groups at all time points. Polar moment of inertia, a measure of bone architecture, was 15% larger in the GnRH-a group and remained larger than C (19%) following recovery. Both the polar moment of inertia and cortical area increased linearly with the increases in body weight. Following the injection protocol, trabecular BV/TV was 31% lower in the GnRH-a group compared to C, a similar deficit in BV/TV was also measured following recovery and post-OVX. The trabecular number and thickness were lower in the GnRH-a group compared to control.Conclusion.These data suggest that following a transient delay in pubertal onset, trabecular bone volume was significantly lower and no restoration of bone volume occurred following recovery or post-OVX surgery. However, cortical bone strength was maintained through architectural adaptations in the cortical bone envelope. An increase in the polar moment of inertia offset increased bone resorption. The current data are the first to suppress trabecular bone during growth, and then add an OVX protocol at maturity. Trabecular bone and cortical bone differed in their response to hypothalamic suppression during development; trabecular bone was more sensitive to the negative effects of hypothalamic suppression.
Measurement of Rayleigh wave ellipticity and its application to the joint inversion of high‐resolution S wave velocity structure beneath northeast China
Authors: Li Guoliang , Chen Haichao , Niu Fenglin , Guo Zhen , Yang Yingjie , Xie Jun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe present a new 3‐D S wave velocity model of the northeast (NE) China from the joint inversion of the Rayleigh wave ellipticity and phase velocity at 8–40 s periods. Rayleigh wave ellipticity, or Rayleigh wave Z/H (vertical to horizontal) amplitude ratio, is extracted from both earthquake (10–40 s) and ambient noise data (8–25 s) recorded by the NorthEast China Extended SeiSmic Array with 127 stations. The estimated Z/H ratios from earthquake and ambient noise data show good consistency within the overlapped periods. The observed Z/H ratio shows a good spatial correlation with surface geology and is systematically low within the basins. We jointly invert the measured Z/H ratio and phase velocity dispersion data to obtain a refined 3‐D S wave velocity model beneath the NE China. At shallow depth, the 3‐D model is featured by strong low‐velocity anomalies that are spatially well correlated with the Songliao, Sanjiang, and Erlian basins. The low‐velocity anomaly beneath the Songliao basin extends to ~ 2–3 km deep in the south and ~5–6 km in the north. At lower crustal depths, we find a significant low‐velocity anomaly beneath the Great Xing'an range that extends to the upper mantle in the south. Overall, the deep structures of the 3‐D model are consistent with previous models, but the shallow structures show a much better spatial correlation with tectonic terranes. The difference in sedimentary structure between the southern and northern Songliao basin is likely caused by a mantle upwelling associated with the Pacific subduction.