bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Programming without Programming Languages (New Graphic Poliglot Сoncept)
Authors: Velbitsky Igor 
Published: March 2017

For the first time since 1947 it is proposed to use a simpler and mathematically more rigorous concept of programming with the graphs loaded only through horizontal arcs with characters, functions and expressions of elementary mathematics. Such graph is a polyglot, it has ISO 8631/1989 standard, and is the only one that can be used effectively throughout the life cycle of program design and use. Conventional programming languages are not needed. The new concept has 100+ times better characteristics with regard to visualization, simplicity, and compactness, as well as the speed of entering into the computer. Processes of error-free design of algorithms, programs, and data structures, evidence of their correctness, self-documenting and documenting of motivation of decisions made are significantly simplified, improved and accelerated. The resulting programs are more effective on the memory footprint and execution time. The larger and the more complex is the program project, the greater is the effect of applying the new concept. The new concept is so simple that it makes it possible to program for ANYONE, not just for programmers. We do not know analogue of the new concept. This article describes the history of developing and proving the new concept, its description, advantages, implemented graphical programming environment, and perspectives for its application.
KEPADATAN DAN POLA PENYEBARAN PASAK BUMI (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) DI ZONA ALAMAN KUYANG, HUTAN LARANGAN ADAT KENEGARIAN RUMBIO
Authors: ZULFAHMI ZULFAHMI , NELAWATI NELAWATI , ROSMAINA ROSMAINA 
Published: March 2017

The objective of this research was to know the density and distribution pattern of E. longifolia in the Alaman Kuyang zone of the forest reserve of Kenegerian Rumbio. The research used purposive sampling method. The observation plot is made in square plot which plot size was 20 x50 m. Results of this study showed that density of E. longifolia in Alaman Kuyang zone of forest reserve of Kenegarian Rumbio was 130 individual ha-1, which seedling phase is more dominance than sapling and pole phases. The density of E.longifolia was low due to increasing the harvesting of this species from forest reserve of Kenegarian Rumbio, and addition poor of mother trees in area study. Distribution pattern of E. longifolia were clumped with Morisita Index value > 1, this could be explained since seed of E. longifolia dispersed and grew not far from mother trees.
UJI PESTISIDA NABATI TERHADAP HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TANAMAN
Authors: IRFAN MOKHAMAD 
Published: March 2017

The Loss of crop productivity can reach 30-35% if not use pesticide. The other hand, to use of pesticides can be caused environmental problems and human healthy. This research aims to develop biopesticides for pests and plant diseases. It was conducted at the PEM laboratory UIN Suska Riau and on land, from July to November 2015. The sourches were extracts from Andropogon nardus, Annona muricata leaves, Ageratum conyzoides, Piper aduncun fructus, Nicotiana tabacum leaves, Tinospora crispa, Azadirachta indica leaves, Allium sativum and Piper betle leaves. Each the source was macerated in alcohol 50% for 24 hours and then distilled at a temperature of 60 °C until all the alcohol evaporates. The experimental Design was complete random design with 7 treatments (control, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100% and chemical pesticides as positif control) and 3 replicates. Parameters of the test biopesticides to disease performed in vitro with measure the resistance zones and for mealybugs and Gryllus assimilis in vivo with the pest mortality. Biopesticide test in vitro for the bacteria that causes carrot root rot has not been able to kill microbes. The mortality rate mealybugs begins before 1 hour observation at the treatment biopesticide concentration of 80%, 100% and control positif. Provision of different concentrations of biopesticides, does not the increased mortality of Gryllus assimilis. This shows that the power to kill biopesticide still well below chemical pesticides, but the pest is still alive no appetite as antifeedant effect of the biopesticide. So biopesticide application does not have to kill the target pest. Need follow-up and development of this research and other pests.
SIFAT FISIS MEKANIS PAPAN PARTIKEL DARI LIMBAH KAYU GERGAJIAN BERDASARKAN UKURAN PARTIKEL
Authors: Hamdi Saibatul 
Published: March 2017

This research to exploit the waste sawdust of wood lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB) for the making particle board with the variation size measure particle that is 60 mesh, 80 mesh and mixture (60 mesh+80 mesh). Wood lua represent the wood less be recognized and to lower specific gravity. Agglutinant use the glue of Urea Formaldehyda (UF) with the glue concentration 20% from dry weight particle substance. The result of research show the average value board particle wood lua made for moisture content to range from 9,25-9,41%; wood density as 0,60-0,63 gr/cm3; thickness swelling as 9,13-9,53 %; modulus of rupture (MoR) 97,63-101,59 kgf/cm2; modulus of elasticity (MoE) 1,12-1,32.104 kgf/cm2; tensile strength as 2,96-3,99 kgf/ cm2. As a whole result examination nature of fisis and mechanical particle board wood lua the standard quality of SNI 03-2105-2006 except for the examination modulus of elasticity (MoE).Key wood : lua, fisis, mechanical, particle.
SIFAT FISIK KAYU LAPIS BERBAHAN BAKU KAYU AKASIA (Acacia mangium Willd) DAN KELAMPAYAN (Anthocephalu spp)
Authors: Arsad Effendi 
Published: March 2017

The utilization of acacia and kelampayan wood as plywood materials were done. There are two kinds of treatments with two cores samples. Wood core with thickness 2 mm and 3 mm with the spreading rate of adhesive 150 gr/m2, 200 gr/m2 and 250 gr/m2. Resuls showed that the water content of plywood are 9,01% - 14,29% for acacia and 9,17% - 10,58% for kelampayan wood material. The density of the plywood are 0,62 gr/cm3 – 0,73 gr/cm3 for acacia and 0,44 gr/cm3 – 0,57 gr/cm3. for kelampayan wood material. The tensile strength of plywood are tensile strength of plywood are 9,49 kg/cm2 – 14,73 kg/cm2 for acacia and 8,61 kg/cm2 – 12,58 kg/cm2 for kelampayan wood material.Keywords: acacia, kelampayan, the spreading rate of adhesive, physics characteristic, plywood
PENGARUH TINGKAT KEMATANGAN BIJI BUAH NYAMPLUNG (Calophylum inophylum L.) TERHADAP RENDEMEN MINYAK BIJI BUAH NYAMPLUNG
Authors: Sari Noor Mirad 
Published: March 2017

Indonesia which is a net-exporter in of fuel oil has turn become a net importer of oil since 2009. It is ironic because it occurs at the world's oil price is unstable and tends to increase. It is time for Indonesia to develop alternative energy sources and bio-diesel oil from the seeds of nyamplung (Calophylum inophylum L.). The purpose of this researh was to determine the magnitude of the yield of oil from the seeds of the produced by the level of maturity. The raw and the riped yamplung seeds was used in this research. The results showed that the yield of oil in ripe seed is 24.01% and the raw one is 19.17% . Acid number and iodine number of oil based on the average maturity are 37.51 g / ml and 3094.14 g / ml for the ripe fruit, and 37.18 g / ml and 3421.32 g / ml for the raw fruit.Keywords: nyamplung, maturity, yield, oil, fuel.
KARAKTERISTIK SERTA PENGEMBANGAN PENGGUNAAN KAYU KARET DAN BAMBU UNTUK BAHAN BAKU PERUMAHAN RAKYAT DAN INDUSTRI
Authors: Arsad Effendi 
Published: March 2017

Rubber wood and bamboo is an important natural resource to be developed as residential and industrial raw materials which are the raw material of commercial products. The presence of rubber wood and bamboo needs to be supported by the preservation and processing industry in order to be optimally utilized. Rubber wood has physical properties, mechanical and chemical equivalent of natural forest wood. properties of rubber wood used in rural as well fuel wood rafters to corral. While bamboo also has certain advantages compared to wood because it is easily preserved, processed and have a high elasticity While bamboo is used as a wall of the house after the split and created a kind of bamboo called palupuhan/gedek. Made simple, just the process of drying in the hot sun. Durability palupuhan/gedek could reach 10 years, but must be used in place are protected from rain. Without is bamboo used in as rafters to corral, ring, rafter and raw material of fishery.Keywords : rubber wood, bamboo, potency, characteristic, preservative.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH KULIT DURIAN (Durio zibethinus) DAN KULIT CEMPEDAK (Artocarpus integer) SEBAGAI EDIBLE FILM
Authors: Amaliyah Desi Mustika 
Published: March 2017

Durian (Durio zibethinus) and cempedak (Artocarpus integer) peels waste are not used by the society. The research aim is to extract pectin from durian and cempedak peels and to formulate the pectin into edible films for food packaging. The research stages were first pre-treatment of durian and cempedak peels, pectin extraction, pectin drying, and pectin application as edible films with concentration of 0%, 5%, and 15%. Based on this research it was concluded that pectin can be extracted from durian and cempedak peels with yield result of 27.97 % and 55.58 %, respectively. Edible film obtained has similar characteristics between raw materials cempedak and durian peels. The higher concentration of cempedak peel pectin increased the thickness, but decreased the tensile strength and elongation at a concentration of 15%. While in edible films from durian peel pectin, the higher concentration of pectin decreased the thickness of edible film on pectin concentration of 15%, lowered tensile strength and raised the edible film elongation.Keywords: waste, durian, cempedak, pectin extraction, edible film
Factors associated with anesthetic-related death in dogs and cats in primary care veterinary hospitals
Authors: Matthews Nora S. , Mohn Thomas J. , Yang Mingyin , Spofford Nathaniel , Marsh Alison , Faunt Karen , Lund Elizabeth M. , Lefebvre Sandra L. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify risk factors for anesthetic-related death in pet dogs and cats.
DESIGN Matched case-control study.
ANIMALS 237 dogs and 181 cats.
PROCEDURES Electronic medical records from 822 hospitals were examined to identify dogs and cats that underwent general anesthesia (including sedation) or sedation alone and had death attributable to the anesthetic episode ≤ 7 days later (case animals; 115 dogs and 89 cats) or survived > 7 days afterward (control animals [matched by species and hospital]; 122 dogs and 92 cats). Information on patient characteristics and data related to the anesthesia session were extracted. Conditional multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with anesthetic-related death for each species.
RESULTS The anesthetic-related death rate was higher for cats (11/10,000 anesthetic episodes [0.11%]) than for dogs (5/10,000 anesthetic episodes [0.05%]). Increasing age was associated with increased odds of death for both species, as was undergoing nonelective (vs elective) procedures. Odds of death for dogs were significantly greater when preanesthetic physical examination results were not recorded (vs recorded) or when preanesthetic Hct was outside (vs within) the reference range. Odds of death for cats were greater when intra-anesthesia records for oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry were absent. Underweight dogs had almost 15 times the odds of death as nonunderweight dogs; for cats, odds of death increased with increasing body weight (but not with overweight body condition).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Several factors were associated with anesthetic-related death in cats and dogs. This information may be useful for development of strategies to reduce anesthetic-related risks when possible and for education of pet owners about anesthetic risks.
Interceptions et introductions en France de Longicornes asiatiques : cas des Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) et chinensis (Forster) (Coleoptera Cerambycidae)
Authors: Cocquempot Christian , Carmignac David , Prost Monique 
Published: March 2017

Les interceptions et introductions en France de Coléoptères Cerambycidae se multiplient depuis quelques années. Deux espèces du genre asiatique Anoplophora ont été trouvées récemment dans l'Ain, l'Ardèche, l'Isère, le Loiret et la Marne. A. chinensis a été systématiquement importé avec des bonsaïs mais un seul foyer a été détecté pour l'instant. A. glabripennis a fait l'objet d'une introduction à Gien (Loiret) dont l'éradication est tentée.
La présence en France d'A. glabripennis et A. chinensis était soupçonnée suite à leurs introductions en Autriche et en Italie. Il s'agit d'organismes de quarantaine soumis à une législation rigoureuse car ils sont de redoutables ravageurs des arbres et arbustes sains dans leurs pays d'origine. Leur implantation durable dans notre faune n'est pas certaine pour l'instant mais les incertitudes du résultat des éradications en cours et l'éventualité de foyers oubliés rendent probable leur présence irréversible à court terme.
Le genre Anoplophora compte 36 espèces dont certaines peuvent être confondues avec glabripennis et chinensis, elles mêmes difficiles à distinguer sans examen minutieux. Au moins deux autres espèces de ce genre sont susceptibles d'être également importées en France et de s'y acclimater.
New and poorly known Palaearctic fungus gnats (Diptera, Sciaroidea)
Authors: Salmela Jukka , Kolcsár Levente-Péter 
Published: March 2017

Fungus gnats (Sciaroidea) are a globally species rich group of lower Diptera. In Europe, Fennoscandian peninsula in particular holds a notable diversity, ca. 1000 species, of which 10 % are still unnamed. Fungus gnats are predominantly terrestrial insects, but some species dwell in wetland habitats.
Eight new fungus gnat species, belonging to the families Keroplatidae (Orfelia boreoalpina Salmela sp.n.) and Mycetophilidae (Sciophila holopaineni Salmela sp.n., S. curvata Salmela sp.n., Boletina sasakawai Salmela & Kolcsár sp.n., B. norokorpii Salmela & Kolcsár sp.n., Phronia sompio Salmela sp.n., P. reducta Salmela sp.n., P. prolongata Salmela sp.n.), are described. Four of the species are known from Fennoscandia only whilst two are supposed to have boreo-alpine disjunct ranges, i.e. having populations in Fennoscandia and the Central European Alps. One of the species probably has a boreal range (Finnish Lapland and Central Siberia). Type material of Boletina curta Sasakawa & Kimura from Japan was found to consist of two species, and a further species close to these taxa is described from Finland. Phronia elegantula Hackman is redescribed and reported for the first time from Norway. DNA barcodes are provided for the first time for five species.
Strategies to Reduce Nursing Student Test Anxiety: A Literature Review
Authors: Quinn Brenna L. , Peters Anya 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Nursing students are plagued by test anxiety. Chronic stress, heavy academic workloads, and rigorous progression standards are antecedents of test anxiety in nursing students. The purpose of this article is to identify helpful interventions to decrease test anxiety in prelicensure nursing students.

Method:

This systematic review was completed using the PRISMA (
P
referred
R
eporting
I
tems for
S
ystematic Reviews and
M
eta-
A
nalysis) guidelines. Four electronic databases were searched using the terms
nurs*
,
anxiety
,
test
,
NCLEX
,
strategies
, and
exam*
.

Results:
Seven articles were identified for inclusion in this review. Following analysis, two categories of test anxiety interventions for nursing students were identified: environmental adjustments and student behavior modifications.

Conclusion:

Faculty members should consider using the test anxiety reduction interventions described in this article. Priorities for future research include studying the effects of test anxiety reduction interventions on examination grades. [
J Nurs Educ.
2017;56(3):145–151.]
Ex Vivo Study of Transepithelial Corneal Cross-linking
Authors: Cruzat Andrea , Shukla Anita N. , Arafat Samer N. , Alageel Saleh , Colon Clara , Chodosh James , Ciolino Joseph B. 
Published: March 2017

PURPOSE:
To perform in vitro assessment of different techniques of transepithelial corneal cross-linking (CXL) and to compare the results to deepithelialized CXL.

METHODS:
Transepithelial CXL was performed after pre-treatment with or without penetration enhancers (gum cellulose, 0.44% sodium chloride, and 0.01% benzalkonium chloride) for 15 or 60 minutes. Deepithelialized corneas underwent CXL after pretreatment with riboflavin for 15 minutes, according to the Dresden protocol. All corneas were incubated in 0.3% collagenase A solution and the time to total dissolution was measured. Corneas were also imaged with confocal microscopy to evaluate the corneal epithelium, subbasal nerve plexus, and depth of stromal keratocyte nuclei as a means of measuring the depth of collagen CXL.

RESULTS:

Deepithelialized CXL corneas with 15 minutes of pretreatment dissolved after 15.4 ± 3.1 hours, significantly longer (
P
= .001) than deepithelialized untreated corneas (8.5 ± 0.6 hours). Transepithelial CXL corneas with 15 minutes of pretreatment with or without penetration enhancers dissolved after 8.3 ± 2.1 and 7.4 ± 1.6 hours, respectively. A longer pretreatment of 60 minutes with penetration enhancers resulted in greater resistance to degradation of the transepithelial CXL corneas (14.6 ± 2.2 hours), which was similar to deepithelialized CXL corneas. The results of the biological assay correlated well with the imaging results obtained by confocal microscopy.

CONCLUSIONS:
Corneas treated by transepithelial CXL with an extended pretreatment time of 60 minutes and penetration enhancers exhibited similar characteristics as corneas treated by the deepithelialized CXL approach. By confocal imaging, the transepithelial approach with extended pretreatment time demonstrated evidence of epithelial damage, which may have improved the treatment effect of this group.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2017;33(3):171–177.]
Relire Siegfried Kracauer (entre les lignes)
Authors: Arnoldy Édouard 
Published: March 2017

Avec Théorie du film (1960) et l’Histoire : des avant-dernières choses (1966), Siegfried Kracauer élabore une théorie inédite du film et de l’histoire. En les envisageant ensemble, il contribue sans doute à la consolidation de ce que Walter Benjamin désigne comme la nécessaire « armature théorique » de l’histoire, en particulier ici celle des « médias photographiques ». L’idée d’histoire chez Kracauer, des années 1930 jusqu’aux années 1960, est celle dont Walter Benjamin définit les contours dans Sur le concept d’histoire où, prise entre les feux des pensées de Marx et de Nietzsche, sa réflexion le conduit à considérer que la théorie est ce qui fait principalement défaut à l’historicisme. La (re)lecture des écrits de Kracauer invite à porter un regard critique sur l’histoire du cinéma aujourd’hui (hantée par ses démons historicistes quand elle redore le blason du factuel et de l’évolution en histoire ou qu’elle promeut des projets si larges qu’ils ne visent, au fond, qu’une histoire universelle, totale et prétendûment définitive). Parce qu’il sont largement déterminés par des questions d’histoire et d’intermédialité, les écrits de Kracauer offrent des outils propres à l’étude des croisements du cinéma et des « nouveaux médias » (le jeu vidéo, les séries, le web-cinéma, etc.). La lecture kracauérienne des films ne cesse en effet d’interroger leur fidélité au cinéma et leurs affinités avec d’autres pratiques, se focalisant sur les points de tension qui particularisent certains d’entre eux, ces « fissures » qu’il observe dans des films en équilibre instable entre cinéma et théâtre, roman ou peinture, documentaire et expérimental ou fiction.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Measurement in Mediastinal Lymphadenopathies: Differentiation between Benign and Malignant Lesions
Authors: Ustabasioglu Fethi Emre , Samanci Cesur , Alis Deniz , Samanci Nilay Sengul , Kula Osman , Olgun Deniz Cebi 
Published: March 2017

Objectives:We aimed to prospectively assess the diagnostic value of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurement in the differentiation of benign and malignant mediastinal lymphadenopathies.Materials and Methods:The study included 63 consecutive patients (28 women, 35 men; mean age 59.3 years) with 125 mediastinal lymphadenopathies. Echoplanar diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the mediastinum was performed with b-factors of 0 and 600 mm2/s before mediastinoscopy and mediastinotomy, and ADC values were measured. The ADC values were compared with the histological results, and statistical analysis was done.P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results:The mean ADC value of malignant mediastinal lymphadenopathy (1.030 ± 0.245 × 10−3mm2/s) was significantly lower (P< 0.05) when compared to benign lymphadenopathies (1.571 ± 0.559 × 10−3mm2/s). For differentiating malignant from benign mediastinal lymphadenopathy, the best result was obtained when an ADC value of 1.334 × 10−3mm2/s was used as a threshold value; area under the curve 0.848, accuracy 78.4%, sensitivity 66%, specificity of 86%, positive predictive value 76.7%, and negative predictive value of 79.2%. Interobserver agreement was excellent for ADC measurements.Conclusions:ADC measurements could be considered an important supportive method in differentiating benign from malignant mediastinal lymphadenopathies.
Spatio-temporal modelling of lightning climatologies for complex terrain
Authors: Simon Thorsten , Umlauf Nikolaus , Zeileis Achim , Mayr Georg J. , Schulz Wolfgang , Diendorfer Gerhard 
Published: March 2017

Abstract. This study develops methods for estimating lightning climatologies on the day−1 km−2 scale for regions with complex terrain and applies them to summertime observations (2010–2015) of the lightning location system ALDIS in the Austrian state of Carinthia in the Eastern Alps. Generalized additive models (GAMs) are used to model both the probability of occurrence and the intensity of lightning. Additive effects are set up for altitude, day of the year (season) and geographical location (longitude/latitude). The performance of the models is verified by 6-fold cross-validation. The altitude effect of the occurrence model suggests higher probabilities of lightning for locations on higher elevations. The seasonal effect peaks in mid-July. The spatial effect models several local features, but there is a pronounced minimum in the north-west and a clear maximum in the eastern part of Carinthia. The estimated effects of the intensity model reveal similar features, though they are not equal. The main difference is that the spatial effect varies more strongly than the analogous effect of the occurrence model. A major asset of the introduced method is that the resulting climatological information varies smoothly over space, time and altitude. Thus, the climatology is capable of serving as a useful tool in quantitative applications, i.e. risk assessment and weather prediction.
Chaucer's Friar John and the Place of the Cat
Authors: Hardwick Paul 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The cat holds a distinctive space in the human environment, being both domesticated and in full possession of its wild nature. This article considers representations of cats in both written sources—including poetry, natural history, the Bestiary, and moral texts—and the visual arts, in order to demonstrate that the cat may be simultaneously read as naturalistic and symbolic, representing at the extreme both a much-loved pet and the threat of damnation. This reading is applied to Chaucer's Summoner's Tale in order to argue that the cat displaced by Friar John offers a pointed criticism of the hypocrisy of the mendicant orders.