bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Wind Tunnel Experiment Study on Splash Functions During Sand Saltation
Authors: Jiang C. W. , Zhang Z. C. , Wang X. Y. , Dong Z. B. , Xiao F. Jun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSplash functions delineate the intricate interaction between wind‐driven particles and the bed. However, due to limitations in measurement methods, achieving a comprehensive understanding of splash functions remains challenging. In this study, we utilized a high‐speed system and particle trajectory tracking algorithm to reconstruct 857 collision events involving natural sand particles obtained from field samples and artificial glass microspheres interacting with a bed composed of analogous particles in a wind tunnel. During the experiments, the ratio of the wind shear velocity (u*) to the impact threshold (u*ti) consistently ranged between approximately 1.22 and 1.79. Our findings indicate that the impact angle remains independent of both impact velocity and particle size, maintaining an approximate value of 10.5 ± 6.5°. The evaluation of splash functions depends on the criterion used to define ejection, that is, the ratio of the centroid's height of the liftoff particles to their particle size (H/d). Additionally, at the same critical height (H/d = 1.5), our splash functions show differences of varying degrees from previous experiments and theoretical studies performed under no wind conditions. We believe that the main reason for these differences may be that the energy exchange between the bed surface and the airflow increases the looseness of the large‐particle (>0.1 mm) bed surface. These findings hold significant implications for accurately modeling sand‐bed collisions in natural environments.
Repeated Structural Reworking in the Basement of the Central Colombian Andes Unraveled by a Multi‐Chronometric Approach
Authors: Zapata S. , Cardona A. , Jaramillo‐Ríos J. S. , Siachoque A. , Peverelli V. , Chew D. , Wemmer K. , Rodríguez M. C. , Valencia‐Gomez J. C. , Sobel E. R. , Calderon‐Diaz L. C. , Valencia V. A. , Patiño A. M. , Parra M. , Botello G. E. , Glodny J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLong‐lived orogens are often characterized by basement blocks affected by polyphase thick‐skinned deformation. Deciphering these events is challenging due to the heterogeneous and complex structural histories resulting from the superposition of multiple deformation phases. For instance, the Central Cordillera of Colombia was shaped by multiple tectonic phases during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic, which have been poorly constrained in both space and time. To unravel the deformation history of this mountain belt, we conducted field mapping and applied a multi‐chronometric approach that included zircon and apatite U‐Pb dating of the igneous basement, epidote and titanite U‐Pb dating of structurally controlled mineralization events, K‐Ar dating of fault rock illite, and fission track and (U‐Th‐Sm)/He bedrock thermochronology of apatite and zircon. The results reveal six deformation events along two fault systems during the past 184 Myr. This deformation history started in the Jurassic with structurally controlled magmatism and ductile deformation; followed by brittle‐ductile and fluid‐assisted basin subsidence and inversion during the Cretaceous. Finally, the Cenozoic was characterized by brittle strike‐slip and compressional deformation. Our findings show the basement response to polyphase reworking, highlighting the prominent role of ancient upper‐plate discontinuities, magmatism, and fluids.
Sex-specific and developmental effects of early life adversity on stress reactivity are rescued by postnatal knockdown of 5-HT1A autoreceptors
Authors: Dixon Rushell , Malave Lauren , Thompson Rory , Wu Serena , Li Yifei , Sadik Noah , Anacker Christoph 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Early Life Adversity (ELA) predisposes to stress hypersensitivity in adulthood, but neurobiological mechanisms that protect from the enduring effects of ELA are poorly understood. Serotonin 1A (5HT1A) autoreceptors in the raphé nuclei regulate adult stress vulnerability, but whether 5HT1A could be targeted to prevent ELA effects on susceptibility to future stressors is unknown. Here, we exposed mice with postnatal knockdown of 5HT1A autoreceptors to the limited bedding and nesting model of ELA from postnatal day (P)3-10 and tested behavioral, neuroendocrine, neurogenic, and neuroinflammatory responses to an acute swim stress in male and female mice in adolescence (P35) and in adulthood (P56). In females, ELA decreased raphé 5HT neuron activity in adulthood and increased passive coping with the acute swim stress, corticosterone levels, neuronal activity, and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) levels in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus. ELA also reduced neurogenesis in the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) of the hippocampus, an important mediator of individual differences in stress susceptibility, and increased microglia activation in the PVN and vDG. These effects of ELA were specific to females and manifested predominantly in adulthood, but not earlier on in adolescence. Postnatal knockdown of 5HT1A autoreceptors prevented these effects of ELA on 5HT neuron activity, stress reactivity, neurogenesis, and neuroinflammation in adult female mice. Our findings demonstrate that ELA induces long-lasting and sex-specific impairments in the serotonin system, stress reactivity, and vDG function, and identify 5HT1A autoreceptors as potential targets to prevent these enduring effects of ELA.
Endocannabinoid concentrations in major depression: effects of childhood maltreatment and relation to hippocampal volume
Authors: Mazurka Raegan , Harkness Kate L. , Hassel Stefanie , Stensson Niclas , Nogovitsyn Nikita , Poppenk Jordan , Foster Jane A. , Squires Scott D. , Rowe Jessie , Milev Roumen V. , Wynne-Edwards Katherine E. , Turecki Gustavo , Strother Stephen C. , Arnott Stephen R. , Lam Raymond W. , Rotzinger Susan , Kennedy Sidney H. , Frey Benicio N. , Mayo Leah M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEvidence from preclinical animal models suggests that the stress-buffering function of the endocannabinoid (eCB) system may help protect against stress-related reductions in hippocampal volume, as is documented in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, stress exposure may also lead to dysregulation of this system. Thus, pathways from marked stress histories, such as childhood maltreatment (CM), to smaller hippocampal volumes and MDD in humans may depend on dysregulated versus intact eCB functioning. We examined whether the relation between MDD and peripheral eCB concentrations would vary as a function of CM history. Further, we examined whether eCBs moderate the relation of CM/MDD and hippocampal volume. Ninety-one adults with MDD and 62 healthy comparison participants (HCs) were recruited for a study from the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in Depression program (CAN-BIND-04). The eCBs, anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), were assessed from blood plasma. Severe CM history was assessed retrospectively via contextual interview. MDD was associated with eCBs, though not all associations were moderated by CM or in the direction expected. Specifically, MDD was associated with higher AEA compared to HCs regardless of CM history, a difference that could be attributed to psychotropic medications. MDD was also associated with higher 2-AG, but only for participants with CM. Consistent with hypotheses, we found lower left hippocampal volume in participants with versus without CM, but only for those with lower AEA, and not moderate or high AEA. Our study presents the first evidence in humans implicating eCBs in stress-related mechanisms involving reduced hippocampal volume in MDD.
Principles of paralog-specific targeted protein degradation engaging the C-degron E3 KLHDC2
Authors: Scott Daniel C. , Dharuman Suresh , Griffith Elizabeth , Chai Sergio C. , Ronnebaum Jarrid , King Moeko T. , Tangallapally Rajendra , Lee Chan , Gee Clifford T. , Yang Lei , Li Yong , Loudon Victoria C. , Lee Ha Won , Ochoada Jason , Miller Darcie J. , Jayasinghe Thilina , Paulo Joao A. , Elledge Stephen J. , Harper J. Wade , Chen Taosheng , Lee Richard E. , Schulman Brenda A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPROTAC® (proteolysis-targeting chimera) molecules induce proximity between an E3 ligase and protein-of-interest (POI) to target the POI for ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Cooperative E3-PROTAC-POI complexes have potential to achieve neo-substrate selectivity beyond that established by POI binding to the ligand alone. Here, we extend the collection of ubiquitin ligases employable for cooperative ternary complex formation to include the C-degron E3 KLHDC2. Ligands were identified that engage the C-degron binding site in KLHDC2, subjected to structure-based improvement, and linked to JQ1 for BET-family neo-substrate recruitment. Consideration of the exit vector emanating from the ligand engaged in KLHDC2’s U-shaped degron-binding pocket enabled generation of SJ46421, which drives formation of a remarkably cooperative, paralog-selective ternary complex with BRD3BD2. Meanwhile, screening pro-drug variants enabled surmounting cell permeability limitations imposed by acidic moieties resembling the KLHDC2-binding C-degron. Selectivity for BRD3 compared to other BET-family members is further manifested in ubiquitylation in vitro, and prodrug version SJ46420-mediated degradation in cells. Selectivity is also achieved for the ubiquitin ligase, overcoming E3 auto-inhibition to engage KLHDC2, but not the related KLHDC1, KLHDC3, or KLHDC10 E3s. In sum, our study establishes neo-substrate-specific targeted protein degradation via KLHDC2, and provides a framework for developing selective PROTAC protein degraders employing C-degron E3 ligases.
Zika viruses encode 5′ upstream open reading frames affecting infection of human brain cells
Authors: Lefèvre Charlotte , Cook Georgia M. , Dinan Adam M. , Torii Shiho , Stewart Hazel , Gibbons George , Nicholson Alex S. , Echavarría-Consuegra Liliana , Meredith Luke W. , Lulla Valeria , McGovern Naomi , Kenyon Julia C. , Goodfellow Ian , Deane Janet E. , Graham Stephen C. , Lakatos András , Lambrechts Louis , Brierley Ian , Irigoyen Nerea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractZika virus (ZIKV), an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus, is associated with congenital neurological complications. Here, we investigate potential pathological correlates of virus gene expression in representative ZIKV strains through RNA sequencing and ribosome profiling. In addition to the single long polyprotein found in all flaviviruses, we identify the translation of unrecognised upstream open reading frames (uORFs) in the genomic 5′ region. In Asian/American strains, ribosomes translate uORF1 and uORF2, whereas in African strains, the two uORFs are fused into one (African uORF). We use reverse genetics to examine the impact on ZIKV fitness of different uORFs mutant viruses. We find that expression of the African uORF and the Asian/American uORF1 modulates virus growth and tropism in human cortical neurons and cerebral organoids, suggesting a potential role in neurotropism. Although the uORFs are expressed in mosquito cells, we do not see a measurable effect on transmission by the mosquito vector in vivo. The discovery of ZIKV uORFs sheds new light on the infection of the human brain cells by this virus and raises the question of their existence in other neurotropic flaviviruses.
Bilateral interactions of optic-flow sensitive neurons coordinate course control in flies
Authors: Pokusaeva Victoria O. , Satapathy Roshan , Symonova Olga , Joesch Maximilian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnimals rely on compensatory actions to maintain stability and navigate their environment efficiently. These actions depend on global visual motion cues known as optic-flow. While the optomotor response has been the traditional focus for studying optic-flow compensation in insects, its simplicity has been insufficient to determine the role of the intricate optic-flow processing network involved in visual course control. Here, we reveal a series of course control behaviours in Drosophila and link them to specific neural circuits. We show that bilateral electrical coupling of optic-flow-sensitive neurons in the fly’s lobula plate are required for a proper course control. This electrical interaction works alongside chemical synapses within the HS-H2 network to control the dynamics and direction of turning behaviours. Our findings reveal how insects use bilateral motion cues for navigation, assigning a new functional significance to the HS-H2 network and suggesting a previously unknown role for gap junctions in non-linear operations.
In situ optical measurement of particles in sediment plumes generated by a pre-prototype polymetallic nodule collector
Authors: Mousadik Souha El , Ouillon Raphael , Muñoz-Royo Carlos , Slade Wayne , Pottsmith Chuck , Leeuw Thomas , Alford Matthew H. , Mikkelsen Ole A. , Peacock Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study presents in situ, high-resolution optical measurements of particle size distributions (PSD) within sediment plumes generated by a pre-prototype deep seabed nodule collector vehicle operating in the abyssal Pacific Ocean. These measurements were obtained using a cutting-edge instrument, the LISST-RTSSV sensor. The data collected in situ reveal marked differences compared to previously reported laboratory-based, ex situ measurements. The grain size and other key particle shape characteristics are found to be dependent on multiple factors, including the collector vehicle maneuvers, the time elapsed following sediment discharge, and the complex hydrodynamic processes that generate the sediment in suspension. Significantly, the PSD from a highly complex succession of straight-line maneuvers converges to that of the canonical case of a simple straight-line driving maneuver within a timescale of ten minutes. Our results underscore the importance of parameterizing sediment plume transport models based on well-informed, comprehensive PSDs of detrained suspended sediment measured in situ at adequate timescales and in regions no longer strongly influenced by active and complex hydrodynamic processes.
Perioperative gum-chewing training prevents a decrease in tongue pressure after esophagectomy in thoracic esophageal cancer patients: a nonrandomized trial
Authors: Yamanaka-Kohno Reiko , Shirakawa Yasuhiro , Yokoi Aya , Maeda Naoaki , Tanabe Shunsuke , Noma Kazuhiro , Shimizu Kazuyoshi , Mituhashi Toshiharu , Nakamura Yoshihide , Nanba Souto , Uchida Yurika , Maruyama Takayuki , Morita Manabu , Ekuni Daisuke 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tongue pressure (TP) decreases significantly after esophagectomy in esophageal cancer patients (ECPs). Meanwhile, 2 weeks of gum-chewing training (GCT) significantly increased TP in healthy university students. We examined whether perioperative GCT would decrease the proportion of patients exhibiting a decline in TP at 2 weeks postoperatively, and prevent postoperative complications, in thoracic ECPs (TECPs). This was a single-center interventional study, and nonrandomized study with a historical control group (HCG). TECPs who underwent first-stage radical esophagectomy were recruited. Thirty-two patients of 40 in the gum-chewing group (GCG) were completed perioperative GCT in 3 times daily. Propensity score matching was performed with covariates related to TP including preoperative age, sex, body mass index, and the repetitive saliva swallowing test result, and yielded a matched cohort of 25 case pairs. Eleven GCG patients [44.0%] exhibited significantly lower TP at 2 weeks postoperatively than before esophagectomy was significantly fewer than that of 19 patients [76.0%] in the HCG. The median number of fever days (≥ 38.0 °C) in the 2 weeks after esophagectomy in the GCG was significantly fewer than those in the HCG. Perioperative GCT may prevent postoperative TP decline and postoperative dysphagia-related complications after esophagectomy.
Primary atomization of shear-thinning liquid jets: a direct numerical simulation study
Authors: Abdelsayed Marianne , Trautner Elias , Berchtenbreiter Jakob , Klein Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUsing direct numerical simulation, the primary atomization of shear-thinning liquid jets into stagnant gas is investigated. Starting from a Newtonian configuration with material properties approximately corresponding to a Diesel injection, two hypothetical shear-thinning cases using the power-law and the Carreau-Yasuda models for the calculation of the apparent viscosity are investigated. A recently developed tracking algorithm is used to identify droplets newly formed from the core jet, as well as all other droplets in the computational domain, and a number of relevant droplet characteristics, such as droplet volume, surface area and center of mass, is recorded at each time step. This allows a comparison of droplet characteristics on the basis of probability density functions. It is observed that the shear-thinning behavior of the liquid phase, which is particularly relevant at the interface, influences the droplet volumes and shapes. While the mean viscosity differs significantly for the different cases, the first- and second-order velocity and volume fraction statistics remain nearly unchanged.
A scoping review on advancements in noninvasive wearable technology for heart failure management
Authors: Scholte Niels T. B. , van Ravensberg Annemiek. E. , Shakoor Abdul , Boersma Eric , Ronner Eelko , de Boer Rudolf A. , Brugts Jasper J. , Bruining Nico , van der Boon Robert M. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWearables offer a promising solution for enhancing remote monitoring (RM) of heart failure (HF) patients by tracking key physiological parameters. Despite their potential, their clinical integration faces challenges due to the lack of rigorous evaluations. This review aims to summarize the current evidence and assess the readiness of wearables for clinical practice using the Medical Device Readiness Level (MDRL). A systematic search identified 99 studies from 3112 found articles, with only eight being randomized controlled trials. Accelerometery was the most used measurement technique. Consumer-grade wearables, repurposed for HF monitoring, dominated the studies with most of them in the feasibility testing stage (MDRL 6). Only two of the described wearables were specifically designed for HF RM, and received FDA approval. Consequently, the actual impact of wearables on HF management remains uncertain due to limited robust evidence, posing a significant barrier to their integration into HF care.
Multi-material 3D printing of functionally graded soft-hard interfaces for enhancing mandibular kinematics of temporomandibular joint replacement prostheses
Authors: Moosabeiki Vahid , Khan Afaq , Cruz Saldivar Mauricio , Van Paepegem Wim , Jonker Brend P. , Wolvius Eppo B. , Zhou Jie , Tumer Nazli , Mirzaali Mohammad J. , Zadpoor Amir A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTemporomandibular joint (TMJ) replacement prostheses often face limitations in accommodating translational movements, leading to unnatural kinematics and loading conditions, which affect functionality and longevity. Here, we investigate the potential of functionally graded materials (FGMs) in TMJ prostheses to enhance mandibular kinematics and reduce joint reaction forces. We develop a functionally graded artificial cartilage for the TMJ implant and evaluate five FGM designs: hard, hard-soft, and three FGM gradients with gradual transitions from 90% hard material to 0%, 10%, and 20%. These designs are 3D printed, mechanically tested under quasi-static compression, and simulated under physiological conditions. Results from computational modeling and experiments are compared to an intact mandible during incisal clenching and left group biting. The FGM design with a transition from 90% to 0% hard material improves kinematics by 19% and decreases perfomance by 3%, reduces joint reaction forces by 8% and 10%, and increases mandibular movement by 20% and 88% during incisal clenching and left group biting, respectively. These findings provide valuable insights for next-generation TMJ implants.
Torque dynamic performance enhancement of five‐phase permanent magnet synchronous motor with open‐circuit fault
Authors: Liu Zhengmeng , Zhou Huawei , Zhou Zhenwu , Liu Guohai 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMultiphase permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have attracted much more attention for their high efficiency, low torque ripple and good fault tolerance. However, open‐circuit fault results in asymmetrical motor behaviour, and deteriorates torque performance, especially dynamic response. This paper proposes a novel fault‐tolerant direct torque and flux control (DTFC) strategy to restrain fluctuating torque and enhance torque dynamic performance of a five‐phase PMSM with open‐circuit fault. The novelty of the proposed strategy is the development of DTFC based on stator flux orientation under the open‐circuit fault condition and the third harmonic current suppression with carrier‐based pulse width modulation technology. Consequently, the decoupling control of torque and stator flux can be achieved under the open‐circuit fault condition, and the third harmonic current can be restrained without additional control. Combined with deadbeat control, the heavy computation burden can be reduced. Thus, the proposed strategy not only can enhance torque dynamic performance under open‐circuit fault operation, but also keep smooth torque with circular stator flux trajectory before and after open‐circuit fault. The effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified by the simulation and experimental results.
Enhancing real‐time traffic volume prediction: A two‐step approach of object detection and time series modelling
Authors: Lim Junwoo , Lee Juyeob , An Chaehee , Park Eunil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA two‐step framework that integrates real‐time data collection with time series forecasting models for predicting traffic volume is proposed. In the first step, the framework utilizes live highway surveillance video data and YOLO‐v7 object detector to construct accurate traffic volume data. In the second step, an ARIMA–LSTM time series model is applied to forecast future traffic volumes. Experimental results show that YOLO‐v7 achieved a vehicle detection accuracy of over 93.30%, ensuring high precision in traffic volume data construction. The ARIMA–LSTM model demonstrated superior performance in traffic volume prediction, with a mean squared error of 87.97, root mean squared error of 10,388.57, and mean absolute error of 101.39. YOLO‐v7's detection speed of 7.8 ms per frame further validates the feasibility of real‐time data construction. The findings indicate that the combination of YOLO‐v7 for vehicle detection and ARIMA–LSTM for traffic prediction is highly effective, offering a significant reduction in training time compared to more complex deep learning models while maintaining high prediction accuracy. This research presents a unified solution for traffic data collection and prediction, enhancing transportation infrastructure planning and optimizing traffic flow. Future work will focus on extending the prediction intervals and further refining the models to improve performance.