bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Age at Menopause With Incident Heart Failure: A Prospective Cohort Study and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Appiah Duke , Schreiner Pamela J. , Demerath Ellen W. , Loehr Laura R. , Chang Patricia P. , Folsom Aaron R. 
Published: July 2016

Background

Early age (<45 years) at menopause has been postulated to be associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk; however, evidence of its relation with heart failure (
HF
) incidence is limited. We examined whether age at menopause is associated inversely with
HF
incidence in the Atherosclerosis Risk In Communities (
ARIC
) study and summarized all existing data in a meta‐analysis.

Methods and Results

In
ARIC
, data were obtained from 5629 postmenopausal women (mean age 56 years, 26% with bilateral oophorectomy) without
HF
. During a median follow‐up of 21.4 years, 965 incident
HF
events occurred. In a Cox regression model adjusted for reproductive health and
HF
risk factors, the hazard ratios for incident
HF
across categories of age at menopause (<45, 45–49, 50–54, and ≥55 years) were 1.32, 1.17, 1.00 (referent), and 1.12, respectively. Compared with women with later onset of menopause (aged ≥45 years), those with early menopause had elevated
HF
risk (hazard ratio 1.20, 95%
CI
1.01–1.43). For the meta‐analysis, we searched Medline and Embase for articles published through December 2015 that prospectively evaluated age at menopause and
HF
risk. Summarized estimates from the 3 included studies (3568 events) showed higher
HF
risk among women with early menopause compared with those with later menopause (hazard ratio 1.33, 95%
CI
1.15–1.53).

Conclusions

These results provided evidence that early age at menopause is associated with a modestly greater risk of
HF
. Identification of women with early menopause offers a window of opportunity to implement interventions that will improve overall cardiovascular health during the postmenopausal years.
Association of Major Depressive Episodes With Stroke Risk in a Prospective Study of 0.5 Million Chinese Adults
Authors: Sun Jie , Ma Hongxia , Yu Canqing , Lv Jun , Guo Yu , Bian Zheng , Yang Ling , Chen Yiping , Shen Hongbing , Chen Zhengming , Hu Zhibin , Li Liming 
Published: July 2016

Background and Purpose—
Although the relationship between depression and stroke risk has been investigated, findings in previous reports were conflicting. The aim of this study was to prospectively examine the effect of major depressive episodes (MDE) on stroke incidence and further assess the potential dose–response relationship between number of depression symptoms and subsequent stroke risk in Chinese population.

Methods—
A total of 199 294 men and 288 083 women aged 30 to 79 years without a history of stroke, heart disease, and cancer in the China Kadoorie Biobank cohort were followed from 2004 to 2013. A World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form was used to access MDE according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria. Stroke events were ascertained through death certificates, medical records, and health insurance data.

Results—

Past year MDE was marginally associated with a 15% increased risk of stroke (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.15; 95% confidence interval, 0.99–1.33) in the fully adjusted model, and the association was steeper and statistically significant in individuals aged <50 years, smokers, drinkers, those with higher education degree, body mass index <24.0 kg/m
2
, and no history of diabetes mellitus. Moreover, there was a positive dose–response relationship between the number of depression symptoms and increased stroke risk (
P
trend
=0.011). In addition, smoking status significantly interacted with MDE on stroke onset (
P
for multiplicative interaction=0.025).

Conclusions—
Findings from this large prospective study suggest that the presence of MDE is a risk factor for stroke, especially in smokers.
Comparison of Global Precipitation Estimates across a Range of Temporal and Spatial Scales
Authors: Gehne Maria , Hamill Thomas M. , Kiladis George N. , Trenberth Kevin E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCharacteristics of precipitation estimates for rate and amount from three global high-resolution precipitation products (HRPPs), four global climate data records (CDRs), and four reanalyses are compared. All datasets considered have at least daily temporal resolution. Estimates of global precipitation differ widely from one product to the next, with some differences likely due to differing goals in producing the estimates. HRPPs are intended to produce the best snapshot of the precipitation estimate locally. CDRs of precipitation emphasize homogeneity over instantaneous accuracy. Precipitation estimates from global reanalyses are dynamically consistent with the large-scale circulation but tend to compare poorly to rain gauge estimates since they are forecast by the reanalysis system and precipitation is not assimilated. Regional differences among the estimates in the means and variances are as large as the means and variances, respectively. Even with similar monthly totals, precipitation rates vary significantly among the estimates. Temporal correlations among datasets are large at annual and daily time scales, suggesting that compensating bias errors at annual and random errors at daily time scales dominate the differences. However, the signal-to-noise ratio at intermediate (monthly) time scales can be large enough to result in high correlations overall. It is shown that differences on annual time scales and continental regions are around 0.8 mm day−1, which corresponds to 23 W m−2. These wide variations in the estimates, even for global averages, highlight the need for better constrained precipitation products in the future.
On the Drivers and Predictability of Seasonal-to-Interannual Variations in Regional Sea Level
Authors: Roberts C. D. , Calvert D. , Dunstone N. , Hermanson L. , Palmer M. D. , Smith D. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Observations and eddy-permitting ocean model simulations are used to evaluate the drivers of sea level variability associated with 15 modes of climate variability covering the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, and Southern Oceans. Sea level signals are decomposed into barotropic, steric, and inverted barometer contributions. Forcings are decomposed into surface winds, buoyancy fluxes, and Ekman pumping. Seasonal-to-interannual sea level variability in the low latitudes is governed almost entirely by the thermosteric response to wind forcing associated with tropical modes of climate variability. In the extratropics, changes to dynamic sea level associated with atmospheric modes of variability include a substantial barotropic response to wind forcing, particularly over the continental shelf seas. However, wind-driven steric changes are also important in some locations. On interannual time scales, wind-forced steric changes dominate, although heat and freshwater fluxes are important in the northwest Atlantic, where low-frequency sea level variations are associated with changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. Using the version 3 of the Met Office Decadal Prediction System (DePreSys3), the predictability of large-scale dynamic sea level anomalies on seasonal-to-interannual time scales is evaluated. For the first year of the hindcast simulations, DePreSys3 exhibits skill exceeding persistence over large regions of the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans. Skill is particularly high in the tropical Indo-Pacific because of the accurate initialization and propagation of thermocline depth anomalies associated with baroclinic adjustments to remote wind forcing. Skill in the extratropics is hindered by the limited predictability of wind anomalies associated with modes of atmospheric variability that dominate local and/or barotropic responses.
Superensemble Statistical Forecasting of Monthly Precipitation over the Contiguous United States, with Improvements from Ocean-Area Precipitation Predictors
Authors: Smith Thomas M. , Shen Samuel S. P. , Ferraro Ralph R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtended precipitation forecasts, with leads of weeks to seasons, are valuable for planning water use and are produced by the U.S. National Weather Service. Forecast skill tends to be low and any skill improvement could be valuable. Here, methods are discussed for improving statistical precipitation forecasting over the contiguous United States. Monthly precipitation is forecast using predictors from the previous month. Testing shows that improvements are obtained from both improved statistical methods and from the use of satellite-based ocean-area precipitation predictors. The statistical superensemble method gives higher skill compared to traditional statistical forecasting. Ensemble statistical forecasting combines individual forecasts. The proposed superensemble is a weighted mean of many forecasts or of forecasts from different prediction systems and uses the forecast reliability estimate to define weights. The method is tested with different predictors to show its skill and how skill can be improved using additional predictors. Cross validation is used to evaluate the skill. Although predictions are strongly influenced by ENSO, in the superensemble other regions contribute more to the forecast skill. The superensemble optimally combines forecasts based on different predictor regions and predictor types. The contribution from multiple predictor regions improves skill and reduces the ENSO spring barrier. Adding satellite-based ocean-area precipitation predictors noticeably increases forecast skill. The resulting skill is comparable to that from dynamic-model forecasts, but the regions with best forecast skill may be different. This paper shows that the statistical superensemble forecasts may be complementary to dynamic forecasts and that combining them may further increase forecast skill.
Modeling the Evolution and Life Cycle of Stable Cold Pools
Authors: Wilson Travis H. , Fovell Robert G. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStable cold pools in California’s Central Valley (CV) are conducive to freezing temperatures, high relative humidity, and, in some cases, fog. In this study it will be shown that the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model as commonly configured cannot reproduce such conditions because of a persistent warm and dry bias near the surface. It was found that removing horizontal diffusion, which by default operates on model levels and thus up and down the valley’s sides, can reduce but not entirely fix the problem. Other improvements include enhancing the near-surface vertical resolution and the surface–air coupling, as both directly control the surface fluxes, especially evaporation. However, these alterations actually have the largest impact in the forested region surrounding the Central Valley, and influence the nighttime relative humidity in the CV only indirectly via nocturnal drainage flows. While it is not clear how realistic are the increased evaporation in the forest or the drainage flows, how and why these alterations result in significantly improved relative humidity reconstructions within the Central Valley are shown.
Intertunnel Relationships in the Tibia During Reconstruction of Multiple Knee Ligaments
Authors: Moatshe Gilbert , Slette Erik L. , Engebretsen Lars , LaPrade Robert F. 
Published: July 2016

Background: Knee dislocations are rare but potentially devastating injuries, often involving tears of multiple knee ligaments. Several studies have reported improved clinical and functional outcomes with surgical management of torn knee ligaments compared with nonsurgical management. Most multiple ligament reconstruction techniques involve creating several tunnels for various reconstruction grafts, posing a risk of tunnel convergence in the proximal tibia. Purpose: To assess the risk of tunnel convergence and determine the optimal tunnel placement for the reconstruction of multiple ligaments in the tibia. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Three-dimensional knee models were developed using customized software from computed tomography images of 21 patients. Mimics software was used to create tunnels for each of the 4 primary ligamentous structures, replicating a surgical approach that would be used in actual multiple ligament reconstruction surgery. The tunnel orientation was varied in anatomically relevant directions to find orientations that did not result in tunnel convergence. Results: There was a high risk of tunnel convergence (66.7%) between the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) and posterior oblique ligament (POL) tunnels when the POL tunnel was aimed toward the Gerdy tubercle as suggested in the literature. No tunnel convergence was observed when the POL tunnel was aimed 15 mm medial to the Gerdy tubercle. No tunnel convergence was observed between the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and POL. Tunnel convergence was observed between the PCL and superficial medial collateral ligament (sMCL) in 19.0% of cases when the sMCL tunnel was aimed transversely across the tibia. Aiming the sMCL tunnel transversely and directing 30° distally significantly increased the mean distance between the sMCL and PCL to 6.9 mm ( P < .001), and no tunnel convergence was observed. No tunnel convergence was observed between the PCL and posterolateral corner tunnels or between the ACL and PCL tunnels. Conclusion: There is a high risk of tunnel convergence in the proximal tibia during the reconstruction of multiple knee ligaments. Aiming the POL tunnel 15 mm medial to the Gerdy tubercle and the sMCL tunnel transversely across the tibia (anterior to the fibula) and 30° distal to the horizontal plane reduces the risk of tunnel convergence. Clinical Relevance: The tunnel orientation of the POL and sMCL on the tibia should be adjusted to avoid convergence with the PCL tunnel during multiple ligament knee reconstruction.
Single session family therapy in youth mental health: can it help?
Authors: Hopkins Liza , Lee Stuart , McGrane Tess , Barbara-May Rachel 
Published: July 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of single session therapy in meeting the needs of young people and their families on first presentation to a mental health service. Method: We conducted a quantitative analysis of routinely collected data using self- and family member-reported session and outcome rating scales. Results: Both young people and their family members rate single session therapy sessions highly. In addition, both young people and their families rate the young person’s mental health and well-being to have improved after the single session therapy intervention, with mothers rating the young person’s improvement most highly. Conclusions: Single session therapy is an effective tool in improving both self- and parent-rated individual, interpersonal, social and overall well-being for young people presenting to a mental health service.
A qualitative study on oncology nurses’ experiences of providing palliative care in the acute care setting
Authors: Chuah Pei Fen , Lim Mei Ling , Choo Seow Ling , Woo Guan Yi , To Hiu Kwan , Lau Keat Yeng , Chen Juan , Lian Siew Bee 
Published: July 2016

Background: With the renewed emphasis on palliative care in Singapore, coupled with a dearth of studies on provision of palliative care in acute services, it is timely to explore the experiences, barriers and challenges faced by oncology nurses in the acute care setting. Aim: This study aimed to explore nurses’ experiences of providing palliative care in the acute oncology care unit. Method: An exploratory descriptive research methodology was adopted. Focus group interviews, involving a total of 24 nurses, were conducted. Interviews were audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using an inductive content analysis approach. Results: Five key themes emerged from the analysis: (1) nurses’ perceptions of palliative care; (2) multiple roles of nurses in palliative care; (3) emotional burden of providing palliative care; (4) misconceptions of palliative care; (5) challenges in providing palliative care. Conclusion: The provision of palliative care in the acute care setting remained challenging. This is partly due to the attitudes of patients, families and healthcare workers, as well as organizational factors such as lack of training. Nurses play an important role in giving and facilitating palliative care for patients in the hospitals. Future studies can explore interventions to help overcome the challenges that are impeding nurses from providing high-quality palliative care in the acute care setting.
T cells from hemophilia A subjects recognize the same HLA-restricted FVIII epitope with a narrow TCR repertoire
Authors: Ettinger Ruth A. , Paz Pedro , James Eddie A. , Gunasekera Devi , Aswad Fred , Thompson Arthur R. , Matthews Dana C. , Pratt Kathleen P. 
Published: July 2016

Key PointsAn HA subject with a multiexon F8 deletion showed a highly clonal response to 1 FVIII epitope via an immunodominant TCR. The same HLA-DRA*01-DRB1*01:01-restricted FVIII epitope was recognized by T cells from 3 HA subjects.
Impaired von Willebrand factor adhesion and platelet response in thrombospondin-2 knockout mice
Authors: Kristofik Nina , Calabro Nicole E. , Tian Weiming , Meng Aaron , MacLauchlan Susan , Wang Yinong , Breuer Christopher K. , Tellides George , Niklason Laura E. , Kyriakides Themis R. 
Published: July 2016

Key Points
Irregular ECM assembly in TSP2 KO mice results in reduced VWF adhesion and compromised platelet function. Because overall ECM composition is not altered, this study highlights the importance of ECM organization in hemostasis and thrombosis.
How I diagnose and manage individuals at risk for inherited myeloid malignancies
Authors:   The University of Chicago Hematopoietic Malignancies Cancer Risk Team
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Although inherited hematopoietic malignancies have been reported clinically since the early twentieth century, the molecular basis for these diseases has only recently begun to be elucidated. Growing utilization of next-generation sequencing technologies has facilitated the rapid discovery of an increasing number of recognizable heritable hematopoietic malignancy syndromes while also deepening the field’s understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie these syndromes. Because individuals with inherited hematopoietic malignancies continue to be underdiagnosed and are increasingly likely to be encountered in clinical practice, clinicians need to have a high index of suspicion and be aware of the described syndromes. Here, we present the methods we use to identify, test, and manage individuals and families suspected of having a hereditary myeloid malignancy syndrome. Finally, we address the areas of ongoing research in the field and encourage clinicians and researchers to contribute and collaborate.
Infiltration of myeloid cells in the pregnant uterus is affected by heme oxygenase-1
Authors: Zhao Hui , Kalish Flora , Wong Ronald J , Stevenson David K 
Published: July 2016

AbstractInfiltrating myeloid cells in pregnant uteri play critical roles in the establishment of the placenta and maintenance of normal pregnancies. Their recruitment and proliferation are primarily mediated by the interactions of cytokines and chemokines secreted locally with their corresponding receptors. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has various physiologic properties that contribute to placental vascular development, with deficiencies in HO-1 associated with pregnancy disorders. Here, we investigated the effect of HO-1 on myeloid cell infiltration into pregnant uteri using a partial HO-1-deficient (Het, HO-1+/−) mouse model. With the use of flow cytometry, HO-1 was found predominantly expressed in circulating and uterine myeloid cells, specifically neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. In pregnant Het uteri, the numbers of neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages were significantly reduced compared with pregnant wild-type (WT; HO-1+/+) uteri. With the use of BrdU in vivo assays, HO-1 deficiency did not affect cell proliferation or blood cell populations. With the use of PCR arrays, gene expression of cytokines (Csf1, Csf3), chemokines (Ccl1, Ccl2, Ccl6, Ccl8, Ccl11, Ccl12, Cxcl4, Cxcl9, Cxcl12), and their receptors (Ccr1, Ccr2, Ccr3, Ccr5) were also reduced significantly in Het compared with pregnant WT uteri. Moreover, with the use of flow cytometry, myeloid CSF1R and CCR2 expression in blood and uteri from both pregnant and nonpregnant mice was characterized, and a deficiency in HO-1 significantly reduced CCR2 expression in infiltrating uterine monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs). These data reveal that HO-1 regulates not only cytokine/chemokine production in pregnant uteri but also myeloid cell receptor numbers, suggesting a role of HO-1 in the recruitment and maintenance of myeloid cells in pregnant uteri and subsequent effects on placental vascular formation.
From the Classroom Out
Authors: O'Connor Adrian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article examines debates over education and educational reform during the 1760s and, through them, explores the dynamics and fault lines of French political culture near the end of Louis XV's reign. Offering an analysis of the reforms undertaken after the expulsion of the Jesuits, as well as a reinterpretation of works by three of the most prominent figures in these political and pedagogical debates—Barthélemy-Gabriel Rolland d'Erceville, Louis-René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais, and Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau—it argues that questions related to the practices, personnel, and purpose of education led to a reexamination of the Old Regime body politic and gave rise to fundamentally different visions of French society, the French nation, and the French state.
Efferocytosis and extrusion of leukocytes determine the progression of early mycobacterial pathogenesis
Authors: Hosseini Rohola , Lamers Gerda E. M. , Soltani Hiwa M. , Meijer Annemarie H. , Spaink Herman P. , Schaaf Marcel J. M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Macrophages and neutrophils are the first responders to invading pathogens and contribute strongly to the host defense against intracellular pathogens. The collective interplay and dynamic interactions between these leukocytes are to a large extent not understood. In the present study, we have investigated their role using a combination of confocal laser-scanning and electron microscopy in a zebrafish model for tuberculosis, a local Mycobacterium marinum infection in the tissue of the larval tail fin. Our results show that neutrophils are efficient in phagocytosis of mycobacteria and that they contribute largely to their dissemination. Macrophages appear to play a major role in efferocytosis, phagocytosis of dead cells that contain bacterial content. Phagocytic cells with large bacterial aggregates are formed that can be extruded out of the tissue after cell death. Alternatively, these excessively infected cells can undergo necrosis leading to immediate recruitment of surrounding leukocytes and subsequent phagocytosis of released bacteria. Our data show that these necrotic burst events result in progression of the infection, whereas extrusion abates the infection.