bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Poly(Lactic-co-Glycolic Acid Nanoparticles Loaded with Docetaxel and Coated with Chitosan, Carboxymethyl Chitosan, or Glycol Chitosan
Authors: Al-Nemrawi Nusaiba K. , Abu Dayah Alaa , Darweesh Ruba 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Docetaxel (DTX) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has high toxicity and
low bioavailability. To solve these problems, PLGA nanoparticles (NPs) were loaded with DTX
and coated with mucoadhesive polymers; chitosan (CS), carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS), or
glycol chitosan(GCS). The NPs were characterized for size, charge, and polydispersity.

Method:
The particles were explored using SEM, FTIR, DSC, and XRD. In vitro studies were
performed to evaluate the mucoadhesive properties of the NPs and the drug release. The results
validated the successful formation of spherical and monodispersed DTX NPs. The coated NPs
exhibited highly positive charges, reaching +44.30±0.21 mV, whereas the uncoated NPs were
almost neutral.

Result:
The formulations demonstrated excellent encapsulation efficiency (>98%) and loading
capacity (>45%). All polymers used in the coating process enhanced the mucoadhesive properties
of PLGA NPs and sustained DTX release. Both the mucoadhesiveness and release were
related to the used coating polymer and its concentration. The formulations were stable for up to
three months in the refrigerator.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, loading DTX in PLGA NPs and coating them with CS, CMCS, or
GCS provides a promising strategy to increase the NPs' residence time on mucosal surfaces,
which is expected to decrease the required dose of DTX and reduce its side effects.
Contribution of the Activated mTOR-STAT3 Pathway to the Pathogenesis of Focal Cortical Dysplasia Type IIIa in Pediatric Patients through Astrocyte Proliferation Mediation
Authors: Wang Jiangya , Wu Jiang , Li Yang , Lv Yuanyuan , Zhang Xinying , Kang Lin 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study was to detect the association between the
mTOR-STAT3 pathway and focal cortical dysplasia type IIIa (FCD IIIa) in children.

Methods:
A retrospective review was conducted based on 26 pediatric patients
diagnosed with FCD IIIa who underwent surgical intervention. These patients were
selected from a cohort of 157 individuals presenting with temporal lobe epilepsy. For
comparative analysis, a control group consisting of 5 children who underwent
intracranial decompression was established. Immunohistochemistry,
immunofluorescence, and western blot techniques were used to assess the expression
levels of mTOR, P-mTOR, P-70s6k, STAT3, P-STAT3, and GFAP in brain tissue
specimens obtained from the two groups.

Results:
The mTOR-STAT3 pathway exhibited activation in the FCD IIIa group (all P <
0.01). Additionally, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that cells positive for PSTAT3
were identified as astrocytes. Moreover, within the FCD IIIa group, there was a
marked elevation in the expression of the mTOR-STAT3 pathway in the hippocampus
compared to the brain cortex tissue.

Conclusion:
The mTOR-STAT3 pathway was demonstrated to be substantially
associated with FCD IIIa in pediatric patients. The activation of the mTOR-STAT3
signaling pathway may contribute to the pathogenesis of FCD IIIa in pediatric patients
by modulating the proliferation of astrocytes.
In Vitro and In Silico Evaluation of Caffeic and Ferulic Acids Involvement in the Translocation of Glucose Transporter 4
Authors: Bassalat Najlaa , Abu Naim Shahd , Barriah Waseim , Labahn Jörg , Shanak Siba , Zaid Hilal 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Insulin is a key hormone in our systems. Upon binding of insulin to its receptors
in fat and muscle tissues, tens of proteins in the insulin signaling pathway are involved in
the process of GLUT4 vesicle recruitment to the Plasma Membrane (PM) and the absorption of
serum glucose. Deficits in the aforementioned pathway lead to insulin resistance and eventually to
Type II Diabetes Mellitus.

Objective:
We appreciate the contribution of phytochemicals in the treatment of diabetes. Yet, in
vitro and in silico studies are needed to validate the safety and efficacy of the phytochemicals,
plus their action mechanisms.

Methods:
Herein, we tested two phytochemicals, caffeic acid and ferulic acid in vitro and in
silico. We shed light on the insulin signaling proteins as plausible therapeutic targets using in silico
studies, via AutoDock and SwissADME.

Results:
Results obtained in vitro indicate that Caffeic Acid (CA) increased GLUT4 translocation
at 125μM by 31% in the absence of insulin, and 24.5% in presence of insulin, when compared to
the control. Ferulic Acid (FA) was less potent as an enhancer of GLUT4 translocation. Best docking
results were found for the binding of the phytochemicals CA and FA to PDK1, AKT, IRS1
and PTEN proteins of the insulin signaling, with comparable results.

Conclusion:
These findings indicate that CA and FA possess a limited anti-diabetic potency by increasing
GLUT4 trafficking to the PM in skeletal muscles. These results suggest that these compounds
are candidates for further investigation in pre-clinical and clinical stages of drug discovery.
High-dose Omega-3 Alters Serum Magnesium and Calcium Levels and Affects Fibromyalgia Symptoms: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Control Study
Authors: Fattah Maha A. Abdel , Morsi Shereen , Fattah Shaimaa A. , Moneim Nermeen A. , Tawfik Marwa G. 
Published: October 2024

Objective:
The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of a high oral dose of omega-
3 on serum magnesium (Mg) and calcium (Ca) levels and their effects on clinical measures of
pain threshold.

Methods:
One hundred twenty patients were recruited and randomized 1:1 to omega-3 or placebo
and blinded to their treatment group. At baseline and after 8 weeks of treatment, the Widespread
Pain Index (WPI), the Symptom Severity Scale (SSS), the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and the
FM Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) were completed. In addition, serum was taken for Ca and Mg
analysis at the same time point.

Results:
The WPI, SSS, VAS, and FIQ scores improved significantly in the omega-3 group compared
to the placebo group (P < 0.001). Serum Ca levels correlated negatively with WPI (r = -
0.308), SSS (r = -0.28), VAS (r = -0.311), and FIQ (r= -0.348) scores (P < 0.001) after 8 weeks of
treatment. Serum Mg levels were negatively correlated with SSS (r = -0.212) and VAS (r =
-0.231) scores after 8 weeks of treatment. The difference between serum Ca levels before and after
8 weeks of omega-3 treatment and serum Mg levels increased significantly compared to 8
weeks of placebo treatment.

Conclusion:
The results of this study showed that a high dose of omega-3 could have a positive effect
on the relief of FM pain, which could be due to an increase in serum Mg and Ca levels.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Mancozeb Pesticide Residue using Nanoceria Doped Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles under Natural Solar Irradiation
Authors: Sani Mahadi Danjuma , Abbaraju V.D.N Kumar , Venugopal Nutulapati V.S. , Kura Nura Umar 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Excessive applications of agrochemicals to meet the high food demand
from ever-increasing populations are becoming a major issue for both health practitioners and
environmental managers. Chemicals such as ethylene bis-dithiocarbamate pesticide mancozeb
(MCZ) are known to have deleterious effects on the ecosystem. AIM: This study, aimed at assessing
the suitability of cerium-doped zinc oxide (Ce-ZnO) for efficient degradation of MCZ
fungicide.

Method:
The photocatalysts were synthesized using the coprecipitation method with zinc nitrate
hexahydrate, cerium nitrate hexahydrate, and sodium hydroxide. The synthesized nanocomposites
were further characterized by Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X-ray
Spectroscopy (EDAX). The average crystallite size of the as-synthesized particles was found to
be 31.42 nm, with very sharp PXRD peaks revealing the pure crystal nature of the particles. The
photocatalytic degradation activity was evaluated following a series of experiments under natural
environmental conditions. The optimal conditions for the degradation of MCZ fungicide
using Ce-ZnO were found to be 10 ppm initial concentration of MCZ, 20 mg dose of the Ce-
ZnO photocatalyst, 180 minutes irradiation time, and 10-11 atmospheric UV index.

Result:
At the optimum conditions, the degradation efficiency was found to be about 90% after
180 minutes. The reported photocatalytic degradation of MCZ using Ce-ZnO fits a pseudo-firstorder
kinetic model with an R2 value of 0. 9677. Similarly, the reusability of the as-synthesized
photocatalyst was evaluated and found to be active for five rounds with little change in the activity.

Conclusion:
Thus, the degradation method in the current study can be suitable for the degradation
and removal of MCZ in agricultural runoff in the field.
Isolation, Selection, and Biological Evaluation for Bacteria that Fix Nitrogen and Produce Indole-3-Acetic Acid from Paddy Soils in Vietnam
Authors: Tran Van Chi , Mai Pham Thi Tuyet , Giang Nguyen Thi , Van Hien La , Tuan Nguyen Manh , Hai Nguyen Thanh , Anh Hoang Thi Lan , Khuong Nguyen Quoc 
Published: October 2024

Introduction/Background
Acidic soils are limiting the production of crops and indirectly harming the environment due to the use of nitrogen (N) chemical fertilizer. Therefore, the current study aims to isolate a promising N2-fixing candidate to solve this issue in some communes of Phu Luong District, Thai Nguyen Province, Vietnam.

Materials and Methods
The bacteria were isolated using the Ashby medium. The IAA generation and nitrogen fixation were assessed using spectroscopy. The selected bacteria were tested at temperatures ranging from 28°C to 42°C and pH levels of 4.0 to 9.0. As a result, the Box-Behnken model yielded a growth equation. The API kit test was used to measure the biochemical properties of the selected bacteria.

Results
The result demonstrated that there were ten nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB) isolates with capacities of N2 fixation and IAA production at 2.35–24.61 and 0.00–119.13 µg/ml. Among them, the NL3 strain was the best strain. The optimum condition to grow the NL3 strain was calculated as 5.44 days at pH 7.10 and temperature of 32.18°C to reach a bacterial density of 9.77929×108 CFU/ml. In addition, the NL3 strain was identified as an Azotobacter species. The genomic analysis revealed that the genome of Azotobacter sp. NL3 was nearly 5.4 Mb long and contained 45 N2 fixation-relating genes and 7 IAA production-relating genes.

Conclusion
Not only can this study provide insight into the features of Azotobacter spp., but it also introduces a potent candidate that can improve soil health and crop yield by fixing N2 and producing IAA in order to limit the use of N chemical fertilizer for a sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the selected bacterial strain should be further tested under the local field conditions and subsequently commercialized as a biofertilizer.
Level of Depression among Health Students at Al-Quds University
Authors: Abuiram Issa , Mahmoud Al-khatib Najah 
Published: October 2024

Background
Students' physical and psychological well-being, particularly with a focus on depression, is a significant public health concern.

Objective
This study aims to explore the level of depression among health students at Al-Quds University.

Methods
In this assay, a cross-sectional study using a self-reporting questionnaire was conducted. To evaluate the degree of depression among students, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) was used. The sample comprised 357 students from Al-Quds University in the West Bank.

Results
The results of the study showed that depression impacted 40.3% of the subjects. Of these, 32% experienced moderate to severe depression symptoms, 24% had thoughts or wishes related to suicide, and 6.7% believed that death was the answer to their issues. The findings demonstrated that there were statistically significant variations in depression based on gender, age, study year, study geographical area, place of residence, level of religiosity, and thoughts of death (p < 0.05).

Conclusion
To protect their well-being, mental health professionals should advise students to seek assistance and therapy. University administrators should assist students in learning time management and stress-reduction strategies so they can finish their assignments and fulfill other course obligations.
Nasal Vaccine: A Special Prominence on SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Chattopadhyay Souvik , Nag Mrinmoy , Bora Rinchi , Maity Subhas Chandra , Mishra Debangshu , Biswas Souvik , Bhattacharyya Subhra Prakash , Pal Radheshyam , Alam Faruk 
Published: October 2024

Abstract:
Nasal administration of mucosal medications and vaccines is an alternate and promising
method of drug and vaccine delivery. Mucosal pathways can be used selectively for various disorders
due to many benefits. Many initiatives are now being made to yield effective
medications and cutting-edge nasal delivery systems. The structure of the nasal cavity and key
features were discussed in this review. With a focus on vaccine distribution, the benefits, successes,
and difficulties of using the nasal route for medical purposes were examined. The strong result supports
the benefits and security, of the safety of nasal medication and vaccination administration. This
alternate path may help many unmet medical needs and may also make big vaccination drives or
expensive, protracted chronic therapies possible. Today, despite some lingering criticism, the area of
nasal medicine and vaccine delivery is expanding quickly, supported by recent advancements in
nanotechnology, imaging, and administration devices. The variety of drugs that have been licensed
for nasal delivery is expected to increase significantly.
Assessment and Monitoring of Adverse Drug Reactions at a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharma Manvi , George Prince P. , Kumar Ranjeet , Sharma Amit , Raj Rojin G. 
Published: October 2024

Background:
Incidences of adverse drug reactions were reported through spontane-ous reporting at an ADR monitoring unit in a tertiary care hospital.

Aims:
This study was conducted to describe the distribution pattern of adverse drug reaction (ADR).

Objective:
The objective of this study was to monitor and report the adverse drug reactions (ADRs) occurring in a tertiary care hospital and to evaluate the incidence, causality, severity, and preventability of adverse drug reactions.

Methods:
A prospective, observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Punjab for 6 months. All patients admitted to the hospital above 18 years of age were included in the study.

Results:
A total of 103 ADRs were observed over the study period of 6 months. The majority of them were females (60), comprising of 58.25%. The therapeutic class of drug associated with most of the ADRs was antibiotics 18 (17.5%). Maximum number of ADRs occurred in the gen-eral medicine ward with frequency of 27 (26.2%) and were of type b 58 (56.3%). Causality was assessed using the Naranjo scale, and most of the ADRs came out to be probable 64 (62.1%) in nature. Severity was assessed using Hartwig’s severity assessment scale, and most of the cases, 66 (64.1%), were moderate in intensity. ADR preventability was assessed using the Schumock and Thornton preventability scale, and it was observed that most of the cases, 82 (79.6%), were not preventable.

Conclusion:
This study seeks to strengthen the ADR database through analysis of spontaneous reporting patterns of ADRs from various clinical departments of a tertiary care teaching hospital, thereby increasing awareness and improving the reporting culture among health care practition-ers. It can be concluded that continuous medication monitoring and a well-organized and com-mitted pharmacovigilance system led by a clinical pharmacist in a hospital setting would un-doubtedly lower the incidence of adverse drug reactions.
Co-Designing a Conversational Agent With Older Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Who Age in Place: Qualitative Study
Authors: Wegener Emilie Kauffeldt , M Bergschöld Jenny , Kramer Tina , Schmidt Camilla Wong , Borgnakke Karen 
Published: October 2024

Background
As a reaction to the global demographic increase in older adults (aged 60+ years), policy makers call for initiatives to enable healthy aging. This includes a focus on person-centered care and access to long-term care for older adults, such as developing different services and digital health technologies. This can enable patients to engage in their health and reduce the burden on the health care systems and health care professionals. The European Union project Smart Inclusive Living Environments (SMILE) focuses on well-being and aging in place using new digital health technologies. The novelty of the SMILE project is the use of a cocreational approach focused on the needs and preferences of older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in technology development, to enhance access, adaptation, and usability and to reduce stigma.

Objective
The study aimed to describe the perspective, needs, and preferences of older adults living with COPD in the context of the design and development of a conversational agent.

Methods
This study carried out a data-driven thematic analysis of interview data from 11 cocreation workshops with 33 older adults living with COPD.

Results
The three particular features that the workshop participants wanted to implement in a new technology were (1) a “my health” function, to use technology to manage and learn more about their condition; (2) a “daily activities” function, including an overview and information about social and physical activities in their local area; and (3) a “sleep” function, to manage circadian rhythm and enhance sleep quality, for example, through online video guides. In total, 2 overarching themes were identified for the 3 functions: measurements, which were actively discussed and received mixed interest among the participants, and health literacy, due to an overall interest in learning more about their condition in relation to everyday life.

Conclusions
The future design of digital health technology must embrace the complexities of the everyday life of an older adult living with COPD and cater to their needs and preferences. Measurements should be optional and personalized, and digital solutions should be used as a supplement to health care professionals, not as substitute.
Changes in Reproductive Health Information-Seeking Behaviors After the Dobbs Decision: Systematic Search of the Wikimedia Database
Authors: Lemieux Mackenzie , Zhou Cyrus , Cary Caroline , Kelly Jeannie 
Published: October 2024

Background
After the US Supreme Court overturned Roe v. Wade, confusion followed regarding the legality of abortion in different states across the country. Recent studies found increased Google searches for abortion-related terms in restricted states after the Dobbsv. Jackson Women’s Health Organization decision was leaked. As patients and providers use Wikipedia (Wikimedia Foundation) as a predominant medical information source, we hypothesized that changes in reproductive health information-seeking behavior could be better understood by examining Wikipedia article traffic.

Objective
This study aimed to examine trends in Wikipedia usage for abortion and contraception information before and after the Dobbs decision.

Methods
Page views of abortion- and contraception-related Wikipedia pages were scraped. Temporal changes in page views before and after the Dobbs decision were then analyzed to explore changes in baseline views, differences in views for abortion-related information in states with restrictive abortion laws versus nonrestrictive states, and viewer trends on contraception-related pages.

Results
Wikipedia articles related to abortion topics had significantly increased page views following the leaked and final Dobbs decision. There was a 103-fold increase in the page views for the Wikipedia article Roe v. Wade following the Dobbs decision leak (mean 372,654, SD 135,478 vs mean 3614, SD 248; P<.001) and a 67-fold increase in page views following the release of the final Dobbs decision (mean 8942, SD 402 vs mean 595,871, SD 178,649; P<.001). Articles about abortion in the most restrictive states had a greater increase in page views (mean 40.6, SD 12.7; 18/51, 35% states) than articles about abortion in states with some restrictions or protections (mean 26.8, SD 7.3; 24/51, 47% states; P<.001) and in the most protective states (mean 20.6, SD 5.7; 8/51, 16% states; P<.001). Finally, views to pages about common contraceptive methods significantly increased after the Dobbs decision. “Vasectomy” page views increased by 183% (P<.001), “IUD” (intrauterine device) page views increased by 80% (P<.001), “Combined oral contraceptive pill” page views increased by 24% (P<.001), “Emergency Contraception” page views increased by 224% (P<.001), and “Tubal ligation” page views increased by 92% (P<.001).

Conclusions
People sought information on Wikipedia about abortion and contraception at increased rates after the Dobbs decision. Increased traffic to abortion-related Wikipedia articles correlated to the restrictiveness of state abortion policies. Increased interest in contraception-related pages reflects the increased demand for contraceptives observed after the Dobbs decision. Our work positions Wikipedia as an important source of reproductive health information and demands increased attention to maintain and improve Wikipedia as a reliable source of health information after the Dobbs decision.
THE EFFECT OF THIRD-PARTY FUNDS, FINANCING, AND EQUITY ON NET INCOME BANK MUAMALAT INDONESIA
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati , Puteh Anwar , M Nur Mukhlish , Hafizh Muhammad 
Published: October 2024

Third party funds, financing, and equity are important factors in some of the factors that influence net income, which take money from the public and then rechannel it into society. This research is aimed at knowing the impact Third-party fund, Financing, and Equity to Net income with research subject Bank Muamalat Indonesian period 2014-2023. This study employs multiple linier regression analysis and quantitative approaches. The study object is presented as published financial reports from Bank Muamalat Indonesia (2014-2023). And analyzed with the Eviews 12 statistical tool. The outcome of the study demonstrate Third-Party Funds a positive and significant effect on Net Income because the t-count value for Third-Party Funds > t-table is 2,9206 > 2,0280 and the significant value for Third-Party Funds < 0,05 is 0,0060 < 0,05. The result of Financing has a positive and insignificant impact on Net Income this is shown by the t-count value for Financing < t-table is 0,6558 < 2,0280 and the significant value for Financing > 0,05 is 0,5161 > 0,05. The results of Equity a negative and insignificant impact on Net Income because the t-count value of Equity < t-table is -0,1850 < 2,0280 and significant value for Equity > 0,05 is 0,8542 > 0,05. Simultaneously Third-party Funds, Financing, and Equity the effect Net Income, this is proven by the value significant F test 0,0007 < 0,05. The value of coefficient of determination (R2) is 0,3198 or 31,98%, which means that the Third-Party Funds, Financing, and Equity variables the effect net Income by 31.98%, while other factors not included in this study account for 68,02% of the explanation.