bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schizophrenia-like phenotypes in mice with NMDA receptor ablation in intralaminar thalamic nucleus cells and gene therapy-based reversal in adults
Authors: Yasuda K , Hayashi Y , Yoshida T , Kashiwagi M , Nakagawa N , Michikawa T , Tanaka M , Ando R , Huang A , Hosoya T , McHugh T J , Kuwahara M , Itohara S 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn understanding the mechanism of schizophrenia pathogenesis, a significant finding is that drug abuse of phencyclidine or its analog ketamine causes symptoms similar to schizophrenia. Such drug effects are triggered even by administration at post-adolescent stages. Both drugs are N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonists, leading to a major hypothesis that glutamate hypofunction underlies schizophrenia pathogenesis. The precise region that depends on NMDAR function, however, is unclear. Here, we developed a mouse strain in which NMDARs in the intralaminar thalamic nuclei (ILN) were selectively disrupted. The mutant mice exhibited various schizophrenia-like phenotypes, including deficits in working memory, long-term spatial memory, and attention, as well as impulsivity, impaired prepulse inhibition, hyperlocomotion and hyperarousal. The electroencephalography analysis revealed that the mutant mice had a significantly reduced power in a wide range of frequencies including the alpha, beta and gamma bands, both during wake and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and a modest decrease of gamma power during non-REM sleep. Notably, restoring NMDARs in the adult ILN rescued some of the behavioral abnormalities. These findings suggest that NMDAR dysfunction in the ILN contributes to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia-related disorders. Furthermore, the reversal of inherent schizophrenia-like phenotypes in the adult mutant mice supports that ILN is a potential target site for a therapeutic strategy.
E. L. Doctorow
Authors: Calloway Catherine 
Published: February 2017

E. L. (Edgar Laurence) Doctorow (b. 1931–d. 2015) is a well-established American writer of twelve novels, three collections of short stories, one play, several screenplays, and numerous essays and miscellaneous items. A native of New York City and a descendent of Russian Jewish immigrants, Doctorow grew up in the Bronx. After graduating from the Bronx High School of Science, he studied philosophy at Kenyon College in Ohio, where he was influenced by John Crowe Ransom and the New Critics, and then began graduate work in playwriting at Columbia University. When the military draft interrupted his graduate work in 1953, Doctorow served two years with the US Army Signal Corps in Germany. In 1954 he married Helen Setzer, also a writer, with whom he had three children. After leaving the military in 1955, Doctorow returned to New York, where he worked at various jobs. His time as a script reader at Columbia Pictures, as a senior editor for the New American Library, and as editor-in-chief, vice president, and publisher at Dial Press led to his writing fiction full time. By 1969 Doctorow had published two novels, one of which had been made into a movie, and was a writer-in-residence at the University of California at Irvine. Over the course of his career, he also held writer-in-residence or teaching positions at Sarah Lawrence College, the Yale School of Drama, the University of Utah, and Princeton University. In 1982 he became the Glucksman Professor of English and American Letters at New York University. With the publication of The Book of Daniel, which was nominated for a National Book Award in 1972, and Ragtime, which received the National Book Critics Circle Award in 1976, Doctorow was established as a major American writer and best-selling author. His works, which appeared in such forums as the New Yorker, Kenyon Review, Atlantic, Paris Review, and Gentleman’s Quarterly, continued to receive accolades. World’s Fair received the National Book Award in 1986, Billy Bathgate the PEN/Faulkner Award in 1990, and The March the PEN/Faulkner Award in 2006. Doctorow was also the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, a William Dean Howells Medal, the Edith Wharton Citation of Merit for Fiction, a Chicago Tribune Literary Award, a National Humanities Medal, and a PEN/Saul Bellow Award, among others. Doctorow is well known for his structural innovation; his political, social, and historical concerns; his blurring of the boundaries between fiction and fact; and his treatment of such themes as family relationships, the horrors of war, identity, alienation, sexuality, history, justice, societal institutions, the American past, human consciousness, epistemological uncertainty, and the evils of corruption.
Towards a unifying mechanism for cancelling movements
Authors: Noorani Imran 
Published: February 2017

For precise motor control, we must be able to not only initiate movements with appropriate timing, but also stop them. The importance of stopping tended to be overlooked in research in favour of studying movement itself, so we are still only beginning to understand the neural basis of action cancellation. However, the development of models of behaviour in a wider range of tasks, and their relation to neural recordings has provided great insight into the underlying neurophysiology. Here we focus on developments of the linear approach to threshold with ergodic rate (LATER) model, relating these to complementary neurophysiological studies. It is tempting to consider that there may be a unifying mechanism for cancelling impending decisions in many contexts and how future efforts may clarify this possibility.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.
What stops a saccade?
Authors: Optican Lance M. , Pretegiani Elena 
Published: February 2017

Rapid movements to a target are ballistic; they usually do not last long enough for visual feedback about errors to influence them. Yet, the brain is not simply precomputing movement trajectory. Classical models of movement control involve a feedback loop that subtracts ‘where we are now’ from ‘where we want to be’. That difference is an internal motor error. The feedback loop reduces this error until it reaches zero, stopping the movement. However, neurophysiological studies have shown that movements controlled by the cerebrum (e.g. arm and head movements) and those controlled by the brain stem (e.g. tongue and eye movements) are also controlled, in parallel, by the cerebellum. Thus, there may not be a single error control loop. We propose an alternative to feedback error control, wherein the cerebellum uses adaptive, velocity feedback, integral control to stop the movement on target.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.
Neural circuitry for behavioural arrest
Authors: Roseberry Thomas , Kreitzer Anatol 
Published: February 2017

The ability to stop ongoing movement is fundamental to animal survival. Behavioural arrest involves the hierarchical integration of information throughout the forebrain, which ultimately leads to the coordinated inhibition and activation of specific brainstem motor centres. Recent advances have shed light on multiple regions and pathways involved in this critical behavioural process. Here, we synthesize these new findings together with previous work to build a more complete understanding of the circuit mechanisms underlying suppression of ongoing action. We focus on three specific conditions leading to behavioural arrest: goal completion, fear and startle. We outline the circuitry responsible for the production of these behaviours and discuss their dysfunction in neurological disease.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.
Cortical control and performance monitoring of interrupting and redirecting movements
Authors: Pouget Pierre , Murthy Aditya , Stuphorn Veit 
Published: February 2017

Voluntary behaviour requires control mechanisms that ensure our ability to act independently of habitual and innate response tendencies. Electrophysiological experiments, using the stop-signal task in humans, monkeys and rats, have uncovered a core network of brain structures that is essential for response inhibition. This network is shared across mammals and seems to be conserved throughout their evolution. Recently, new research building on these earlier findings has started to investigate the interaction between response inhibition and other control mechanisms in the brain. Here we describe recent progress in three different areas: selectivity of movement inhibition across different motor systems, re-orientation of motor actions and action evaluation.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Movement suppression: brain mechanisms for stopping and stillness’.
Improving data availability for brain image biobanking in healthy subjects: practice-based suggestions from an international multidisciplinary working group
Authors:   BRAINS (Brain Imaging in Normal Subjects) Expert Working Group, Shenkin Susan D , Pernet Cyril , Nichols Thomas E , Poline Jean-Baptiste , Matthews Paul M. , Lugt Aad van der , Mackay Clare , Lanyon Linda , Mazoyer Bernard , Boardman James P , Thompson Paul M , Fox Nick , Marcus Daniel S , Sheikh Aziz , Cox Simon R , Anblagan Devasuda , Job Dominic E , Dickie David Alexander , Rodriguez David , Wardlaw Joanna M 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBrain imaging is now ubiquitous in clinical practice and research. The case for bringing together large amounts of image data from well-characterised healthy subjects and those with a range of common brain diseases across the life course is now compelling. This report follows a meeting of international experts from multiple disciplines, all interested in brain image biobanking. The meeting included neuroimaging experts (clinical and non-clinical), computer scientists, epidemiologists, clinicians, ethicists, and lawyers involved in creating brain image banks. The meeting followed a structured format to discuss current and emerging brain image banks; applications such as atlases; conceptual and statistical problems (e.g. defining ‘normality’); legal, ethical and technological issues (e.g. consents, potential for data linkage, data security, harmonisation, data storage and enabling of research data sharing). We summarise the lessons learned from the experiences of a wide range of individual image banks, and provide practical recommendations to enhance creation, use and reuse of neuroimaging data. Our aim is to maximise the benefit of the image data, provided voluntarily by research participants and funded by many organisations, for human health. Our ultimate vision is of a federated network of brain image biobanks accessible for large studies of brain structure and function.
Emergence and persistence of the Chikungunya virus East-Central-South-African genotype in Northeast Brazil
Authors: Charlys da Costa Antonio , Thézé Julien , Komninakis Shirley Cavalcante Vasconcelos , Sanz-Duro Rodrigo Lopes , Felinto Marta Rejane Lemos , Moura Lúcia Cristina Corrêa , de Oliveira Barroso Ivoneide Moreira , Santos Lucineide Eliziario Correia , de Lemos Nunes Mardjane Alves , Moura Adriana Avila , Lourenço José , Deng Xutao , Delwart Eric L. , Guimarães Maria Raquel dos Anjos Silva , Pybus Oliver G. , Sabino Ester C. , Faria Nuno R. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryWe investigate an outbreak of exanthematous illness in Maceió, Alagoas, using molecular surveillance. Of 273 samples, 76% tested RT-qPCR positive for Chikungunya virus. Phylogenetic analysis reveals that the outbreak was caused by the East-Central-South-African genotype, and that this lineage has likely persisted since mid-2014 in Northeast Brazil.Article summary lineTransmission of the Chikungunya virus East-Central-South-African genotype has been ongoing in the Northeast region of Brazil since mid-2014.
The recombination landscape in wild house mice inferred using population genomic data
Authors: Booker Tom R. , Ness Rob W. , Keightley Peter D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractCharacterizing variation in the rate of recombination across the genome is important for understanding many evolutionary processes. The landscape of recombination has been studied previously in the house mouse,Mus musculus,and it is known that the different subspecies exhibit different suites of recombination hotspots. However, it is not established whether broad-scale variation in the rate of recombination is conserved between the subspecies. In this study, we construct a fine-scale recombination map for the Eastern house mouse subspecies,M. m. castaneus,using 10 individuals sampled from its ancestral range. After inferring phase, we use LDhelmet to construct recombination maps for each autosome. We find that the spatial distribution of recombination rate is strongly positively between ourcastaneusmap and a map constructed using inbred lines of mice derived predominantly fromM. m. domesticus.We also find that levels of genetic diversity inM. m. castaneusare positively correlated with the rate of recombination, consistent with pervasive natural selection acting in the genome. Our study suggests that recombination rate variation is conserved at broad scales betweenM. musculus subspecies.
Particle Tracking facilitates real time Motion Compensation in 2D or 3D two-photon imaging of neuronal activity
Authors: Aghayee Samira , Bowen Zach , Winkowski Daniel E. , Harrington Matt , Kanold Patrick O. , Losert Wolfgang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe application of 2-photon laser scanning microscopy (TPLSM) techniques to measure the dynamics of cellular calcium signals in populations of neurons is an extremely powerful technique for characterizing neural activity within the central nervous system. The use of TPLSM on awake and behaving subjects promises new insights into how neural circuit elements cooperatively interact to form sensory perceptions and generate behavior. A major challenge in imaging such preparations is animal and tissue movement, which leads to shifts in the imagine location (jitter). Although there are surgical and technical approaches to minimize brain motion under these conditions, it is generally unavoidable. The presence of image motion can lead to artifacts, especially since quantification of TPLSM images involves analysis of fluctuations in fluorescence intensities for each neuron, determined from small regions of interest (ROIs) Here, we validated a new motion correction approach to compensate for motion of TPLSM images in the superficial layers of auditory cortex of awake mice. We use a nominally uniform fluorescent signal as a secondary signal to complement the dynamic signals from genetically encoded calcium indicators. We tested motion correction for single plane time lapse imaging a; well as multiplane (i.e. volume) time lapse imaging of cortical tissue. Our procedure of motion compensation relies on locating the brightest neurons and tracking their positions over time using established techniques of particle finding and tracking. The performance of our techniques both for 2D (single plane) and 3D (volume) image sequences is comparable to established techniques in its ability to suppress false neural signals. Object tracking based motion compensation thus offers an alternative approach for motion compensation, one that is we suited for real time feedback control and for analysis of tissue distortions.
What determines financial inclusion in Sub-Saharan Africa?
Authors: Chikalipah Sydney 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the determinants of financial inclusion (FI) in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA).

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses the World Bank country-level data from 20 SSA countries for the year 2014.

Findings
The empirical findings in this study indicate that illiteracy is the major hindrance to FI in SSA. The findings provide useful information to government agencies and international development organisations. Also, the findings can help accelerate and strengthen FI strategies among SSA countries.

Research limitations/implications
Some countries were excluded from the final analysis due to lack of data.

Practical implications
In the last two decades, there has been renewed interest in fighting financial exclusion in Africa. Therefore, this study provide evidence which clearly shows that enhancing literacy levels in a country can immensely contribute towards building the financially inclusive societies in the SSA region.

Originality/value
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to empirically test the determinants of FI in SSA using the World Bank FI data set. Furthermore, this is the first attempt to estimate the determinants of FI with a combined data of SSA countries.
From place branding to placemaking: the role of events
Authors: Richards Greg 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine developments in the use of events by places from a predominantly place branding role based on image and economic impacts towards a broader placemaking approach aimed at holistic improvements in place quality.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on a single case study approach, with the Dutch city of ‘s-Hertogenbosch (Den Bosch) as the focus. Data sources include resident surveys, depth interviews and analysis of policy documents.FindingsThe Den Bosch case illustrates the emergence of a more holistic approach to the use of events as a placemaking tool. The city shifted from an ad hoc events policy to the development of a multi-annual programme designed to produce economic, image, social cultural and network effects. This approach seems to have been successful in stimulating visitation, increasing visitor spend and raising the international profile of the city. At the same time, the city has developed many activities designed to mobilise local stakeholder groups and increase social cohesion, which provide essential support for the necessary investment.Research limitations/implicationsThere are indications that sustaining such a programme over the longer term is difficult in the face of political and economic change. Adoption of a holistic approach also requires the mobilisation of a wide range of stakeholders.Practical implicationsCritical success factors for placemaking are identified.Social implicationsThe Den Bosch programme helped to increase social cohesion in the city by involving residents and local cultural groups in different projects. However, this required a differentiated approach based on the needs of each group.Originality/valueThis study presents a placemaking model that can help to identify the different elements required in a successful placemaking programme. This is developed from a practice approach, which has the value of paying attention to how event programmes can be initiated and sustained by a group of actors.
Volunteer management beyond prescribed best practice: a case study of Portuguese non-profits
Authors: Carvalho Ana , Sampaio Martinha 
Published: February 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to complement and test prescriptive volunteer management proposals by examining how volunteers are actually managed and exploring factors other than prescribed best practice to assess volunteer management effectiveness.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use qualitative methods to study five Portuguese non-profit organisations, selected for having active volunteer programmes while presenting diverse sizes, organisation styles and levels of reliance upon volunteers. Interviews were conducted between February and August 2011 with board representatives, volunteer managers and volunteers.

Findings
This paper assesses volunteer management practices in these organisations, and further identifies a number of interrelated dimensions affecting volunteer programme success, namely: centrality, formalisation, professional support, sustainability and a minimum set of practices. It also uncovers weakness points that inhibit further development, including lack of a strategic approach and limited capacity to diversify sources of financing.

Research limitations/implications
This is an exploratory study, with a limited number of cases and interviews.

Practical implications
This study may help volunteer managers focus their attention in aspects other than prescribed management practice. Although a minimum set of identified practices are vital, the dimensions it uncovers have a pivotal role in the success of volunteer programmes.

Originality/value
This set of intertwined dimensions has not been specifically addressed in the literature. They go beyond the more conventionally prescribed volunteer management practices, and provide a promising framework for analysing the effectiveness and sustainability of volunteer management.
Authentic leadership and its impact on extra role behaviour of nurses
Authors: Malik Nishtha , Dhar Rajib Lochan 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between authentic leadership (AL) and employee extra role behaviour (ERB) while determining the mediating effect of psychological capital (PC) and moderating effect of autonomy on that relationship.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 42 small- and medium-sized hospitals in the state of Uttarakhand, India. The sample for the study included 520 nurses and their 163 supervisors. Process macro (Hayes) was used to examine the mediating role of PC and the moderating role of autonomy in the relationship between AL and ERB.FindingsResults indicate that AL is positively linked to ERB of followers. Further, PC was found to mediate the relationship between AL and ERB while autonomy acted as a moderator between PC and ERB.Practical implicationsFindings of the study would help hospital managements understand the importance of technical and behavioural training of nursing staff and supervisors. The paper draws the attention of hospital administrators towards the need for formulating policies that are less restrictive and allow for greater autonomy to the nursing staff. Further, this study highlights the importance of an effective leadership approach like AL in service-oriented organizations such as healthcare institutions.Originality/valueThis study contributes to existing research on AL and ERB by showing that PC and autonomy are important and relevant variables that affect the degree of influence that AL has on employee ERB.
A longitudinal investigation of self-initiated expatriate organizational socialization
Authors: Fu Carmen , Hsu Yu-Shan , A. Shaffer Margaret , Ren Hong 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the process of self-initiated expatriate (SIE) organizational socialization.Design/methodology/approachTo assess the socialization process, data were collected at three points in time. SIE English teachers were surveyed at three points in time. At Time 3, data from the principals of those teachers who completed surveys at Time 2 were also collected.FindingsOrganizational socialization tactics facilitate social integration and learning speed, which, in turn, are positively related to SIE adjustment. Moreover, SIEs who climbed the learning curve more quickly were only able to capitalize on their learning ability to promote performance when their calculative commitment was low.Originality/valueFirst, in contrast with the majority of expatriate socialization studies that tend to focus on the proactive behaviors of expatriates, the authors examine the organizational socialization tactics of a local host organization. Second, they consider the role of calculative commitment, which is especially germane to the SIE context, on SIE performance. Third, this study contributes to the organizational socialization literature by recognizing that socialization is an on-going process that continues to influence employees even after they are no longer “newcomers.” Fourth, the authors assess adjustment directly rather than through proxy measures.