bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyperostosis frontalis interna in female historic skeletal populations: Age, sex hormones and the impact of industrialization
Authors: Western A. G. , Bekvalac J. J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis analysis aims to investigate the impact of industrialization on the prevalence of Hyperostosis Frontalis Interna (HFI), focusing on the roles of age and parity to examine the claim that longevity and changing reproductive patterns have led to increased rates in modern populations.Materials and methodsA total of 138 individuals from two documented London skeletal assemblages of the Industrial period were analyzed employing macroscopic observation, digital radiography and MicroCT scanning to establish the prevalence rates of HFI according to modern clinical standards. Statistical analysis was also undertaken on a sub‐sample of 51 females of post‐menopausal age to identify any relationship between parity and HFI.ResultsThe majority of cases of HFI were found in older females, reflecting clinical observations. The prevalence rates of HFI corresponded well to those predicted from the proportion of old age females present within populations. Age was therefore shown to be a predominant factor in HFI presence. A plateau in HFI prevalence was noted from the age of 50–59 years onwards. No statistically significant relationship was found between parity and HFI.DiscussionWhen recorded consistently, HFI was positively correlated with age and longevity but had also increased among old age females over time. Our results suggest that nulliparity co‐occurs with HFI but is not a primary factor in its pathogenesis. Key factors in HFI presence in females are likely to be increased androgens and the dysregulation of insulin and insulin‐like growth factor‐1.
Backbone‐Degradable Polymers Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Xie Fan , Deng Xiaopei , Kratzer Domenic , Cheng Kenneth C. K. , Friedmann Christian , Qi Shuhua , Solorio Luis , Lahann Joerg 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPolymers prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) polymerization have found broad acceptance in research and industrial applications. However, their intrinsic lack of degradability has limited wider applicability in many areas, such as biomedical devices or regenerative medicine. Herein, we demonstrate, for the first time, a backbone‐degradable polymer directly synthesized via CVD. The CVD co‐polymerization of [2.2]para‐cyclophanes with cyclic ketene acetals, specifically 5,6‐benzo‐2‐methylene‐1,3‐dioxepane (BMDO), results in well‐defined, hydrolytically degradable polymers, as confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and ellipsometry. The degradation kinetics are dependent on the ratio of ketene acetals to [2.2]para‐cyclophanes as well as the hydrophobicity of the films. These coatings address an unmet need in the biomedical polymer field, as they provide access to a wide range of reactive polymer coatings that combine interfacial multifunctionality with degradability.
The Role of the Prod1 Membrane Anchor in Newt Limb Regeneration
Authors: Nomura Kaoru , Tanimoto Yasushi , Hayashi Fumio , Harada Erisa , Shan Xiao‐Yuan , Shionyu Masafumi , Hijikata Atsushi , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Morigaki Kenichi , Shimamoto Keiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractProd1 is a protein that regulates limb regeneration in salamanders by determining the direction of limb growth. Prod1 is attached to the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor, but the role of membrane anchoring in the limb regeneration process is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the functional role of the anchoring of Prod1 to the membrane by using its synthetic mimics in combination with solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and fluorescent microscopy techniques. Anchoring did not affect the three‐dimensional structure of Prod1 but did induce aggregation by aligning the molecules and drastically reducing the molecular motion on the two‐dimensional membrane surface. Interestingly, aggregated Prod1 interacted with Prod1 molecules tethered on the surface of opposing membranes, inducing membrane adhesion. Our results strongly suggest that anchoring of the salamander‐specific protein Prod1 assists cell adhesion in the limb regeneration process.
Forward‐osmosis‐aided concentration of fructose sugar through hydrophilized polyamide membrane: Molecular modeling and economic estimation
Authors: Madhumala M. , Moulik S. , Sankarshana T. , Sridhar S. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, a thin‐film composite membrane based on hydrophilized polyamide was synthesized for the concentration of an aqueous fructose solution using a forward‐osmosis (FO) technique. The membrane was prepared by the addition of excess m‐phenylenediamine along with a small quantity of dipolar aprotic dimethyl sulfoxide solvent in the aqueous reaction bath followed by excess trimesoyl chloride in an organic bath with a longer time provided for interfacial polymerization to minimize fructose losses. The effect of operating parameters such as draw NaCl concentration, cross‐flow velocity, and temperature on FO performance was evaluated. Membrane characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction to study the physicochemical properties. A coupled model based on molecular modeling and computational fluid dynamics was developed to study the diffusion behavior and concentration profiles of the two solutions within the process. A detailed economic estimation for the production of crystalline fructose sugar is presented. The study reveals the significant potential of FO as an economical process for concentration of sugar solutions using brine as the draw solution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44649.
Magnetic field reconstruction based on sunspot oscillations
Authors: Löhner‐Böttcher J. , Bello González N. , Schmidt W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe magnetic field of a sunspot guides magnetohydrodynamic waves toward higher atmospheric layers. In the upper photosphere and lower chromosphere, wave modes with periods longer than the acoustic cut‐off period become evanescent. The cut‐off period essentially changes due to the atmospheric properties, e.g., increases for larger zenith inclinations of the magnetic field. In this work, we aim at introducing a novel technique of reconstructing the magnetic field inclination on the basis of the dominating wave periods in the sunspot chromosphere and upper photosphere. On 2013 August 21, we observed an isolated, circular sunspot (NOAA11823) for 58 min in a purely spectroscopic multi‐wavelength mode with the Interferometric Bidimensional Spectro‐polarimeter (IBIS) at the Dunn Solar Telescope. By means of a wavelet power analysis, we retrieved the dominating wave periods and reconstructed the zenith inclinations in the chromosphere and upper photosphere. The results are in good agreement with the lower photospheric HMI magnetograms. The sunspot's magnetic field in the chromosphere inclines from almost vertical (0°) in the umbra to around 60° in the outer penumbra. With increasing altitude in the sunspot atmosphere, the magnetic field of the penumbra becomes less inclined. We conclude that the reconstruction of the magnetic field topology on the basis of sunspot oscillations yields consistent and conclusive results. The technique opens up a new possibility to infer the magnetic field inclination in the solar chromosphere. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Negative-pressure wound therapy for prevention and treatment of surgical-site infections after vascular surgery
Authors: Acosta S , Björck M , Wanhainen A 
Published: November 2016

Abstract

Background
Indications for negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in vascular surgical patients are expanding. The aim of this review was to outline the evidence for NPWT on open and closed wounds.

Methods
A PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library search from 2007 to June 2016 was performed combining the medical subject headings terms ‘wound infection’, ‘abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA)’, ‘fasciotomy’, ‘vascular surgery’ and ‘NPWT’ or ‘VAC’.

Results
NPWT of open infected groin wounds was associated with shorter duration of wound healing by 47 days, and was more cost-effective than alginate dressings in one RCT. In one RCT and six observational studies, NPWT-related major bleeding and graft preservation rates were 0–10 and 83–100 per cent respectively. One retrospective comparative study showed greater wound size reduction per day, fewer dressing changes, quicker wound closure and shorter hospital stay with NPWT compared with gauze dressings for lower leg fasciotomy. NPWT and mesh-mediated fascial traction after AAA repair and open abdomen was associated with high primary fascial closure rates (96–100 per cent) and low risk of graft infection (0–7 per cent). One retrospective comparative study showed a significant reduction in surgical-site infection, from 30 per cent with standard wound care to 6 per cent with closed incisional NPWT.

Conclusion
NPWT has a central role in open and infected wounds after vascular surgery; the results of prophylactic care of closed incisions are promising.
SHIP2: Structure, Function and Inhibition
Authors: Thomas Mark P. , Erneux Christophe , Potter Barry V. L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSHIP2 is a phosphatase that acts at the 5‐position of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5‐trisphosphate. It is one of several enzymes that catalyse dephosphorylation at the 5‐position of phosphoinositides or inositol phosphates. SHIP2 has a confirmed role in opsismodysplasia, a disease of bone development, but also interacts with proteins involved in insulin signalling, cytoskeletal function (thus having an impact on endocytosis, adhesion, proliferation and apoptosis) and immune system function. The structure of three domains (constituting about 38 % of the protein) is known. Inhibitors of SHIP2 activity have been designed to interact with the catalytic domain with sub‐micromolar IC50 values: these come from a range of structural classes and have been shown to have in vivo effects consistent with SHIP2 inhibition. Much remains unknown about the roles of SHIP2, and possible future directions for research are indicated.
Expanded clinical use of everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds for treatment of coronary artery disease
Authors: Diletti Roberto , Ishibashi Yuki , Felix Cordula , Onuma Yoshinobu , Nakatani Shimpei , van Mieghem Nicolas M. , Regar Eveliyn , Valgimigli Marco , de Jaegere Peter P. , van Ditzhuijzen Nienke , Fam Jiang Ming , Ligthart Jurgen M.R. , Lenzen Mattie J. , Serruys Patrick W. , Zijlstra Felix , Jan van Geuns Robert 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundLimited data are currently available on the performance of everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) for treatment of complex coronary lesions representative of daily practice.MethodsThis is a prospective, mono‐center, single‐arm study, reporting data after BVS implantation in patients presenting with stable, unstable angina, or non‐ST segment elevation myocardial infarction caused by de novo stenotic lesions in native coronary arteries. No restrictions were applied to lesion complexity. Procedural results and 12‐month clinical outcomes were reported.ResultsA total of 180 patients have been evaluated in the present study, with 249 treated coronary lesions. Device Success per lesion was 99.2%. A total of 119 calcified lesions were treated. Comparable results were observed among severe, moderate and noncalcified lesions in term of %diameter stenosis (%DS) (20.3 ± 10.5%, 17.8 ± 7.7%, 16.8 ± 8.6%; P = 0.112) and acute gain (1.36 ± 0.41 mm, 1.48 ± 0.44 mm, 1.56 ± 0.54 mm; P = 0.109). In bifurcations (54 lesions), side‐branch ballooning after main vessel treatment was often performed (33.3%) with low rate of side‐branch impairment (9.3%). A total of 29 cases with coronary total occlusions were treated. After BVS implantation %DS was not different from other lesion types (17.2 ± 9.4%, vs. 17.7 ± 8.6%; P = 0.780). At one year, all‐cause mortality was reported in three cases. The rate of target lesion revascularization and target vessel revascularization was 3.3%. The rate of definite scaffold thrombosis was 2.6%.ConclusionsThe implantation of the everolimus eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffold in an expanded range of coronary lesion types and clinical presentations was observed to be feasible with promising angiographic results and mid‐term clinical outcomes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Identifying patients for safe early hospital discharge following st elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Sharkawi Musa A. , Filippaios Andreas , Dani Saurabh S. , Shah Sachin P. , Riskalla Nabila , Venesy David M. , Labib Sherif B. , Resnic Frederic S. 
Published: November 2016

ObjectivesTo examine whether the CADILLAC risk score is an effective method of patient stratification for early discharge following ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).BackgroundPatients with STEMI are typically hospitalized to monitor for serious complications such as arrhythmias, heart failure, and reinfarction. Optimal length of stay is unclear. Whether low risk patients can be safely discharged before 72 hr of hospitalization is unclear.MethodsPatients with STEMI who underwent successful PCI were retrospectively stratified using CADILLAC risk score to low risk (n = 123) and intermediate to high risk (n = 105). The primary outcome was adverse clinical events at day 3 or later. Secondary outcomes were adverse clinical events on day 1 and mortality rates at 30 days and 31 to 365 days.ResultsLow risk patients had lower major adverse clinical events at day 3 or later (0 vs. 11.4%, P = 0.0002) and lower total mortality at 1 year (0 vs. 4.8%, P = 0.02) than patients with intermediate to high risk. Low risk patients were also less likely to have a cardiovascular event during the first 24 hr when compared to those with an intermediate to high risk score (3.3% vs. 13.3%, P = 0.006).ConclusionLow risk patients identified using CADILLAC risk score with STEMI treated successfully with primary PCI have a low adverse event rate on the third day or later of hospitalization suggesting that an earlier discharge is safe in properly selected patients. Monitoring in a noncritical care setting following primary PCI for STEMI may be feasible for selected patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper‐Catalyzed Isomerization and Cyclization of E/Z‐o‐Haloaryl N‐Sulfonylhydrazones: Convenient Access to 1H‐Indazoles
Authors: Zhu Xue‐Qing , Mao Shuai , Guo Dong‐Dong , Li Bin , Guo Shi‐Huan , Gao Ya‐Ru , Wang Yong‐Qiang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe isomerization of the C=N double bond in hydrazones has drawn considerable attention because of its potential for application in a broad range of chemical transformations. Generally, this isomerization can be realized either photochemically or thermally. A new isomerization approach is presented, namely a copper‐catalyzed C=N double bond isomerization of hydrazones, which is followed by an efficient intramolecular C−N coupling reaction, providing an unprecedented catalytic approach for the synthesis of 1H‐indazoles from readily accessible Z/E mixture of o‐haloaryl N‐sulfonylhydrazones.
Collective Syntheses of Icetexane Natural Products Based on Biogenetic Hypotheses
Authors: Thommen Christophe , Neuburger Markus , Gademann Karl 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA divergent synthesis of 10 icetexane natural products based on a proposed biogenetic cationic ring expansion of a reduced carnosic acid derivative is described. Of these icetexanes, (+)‐salvicanol, (−)‐cyclocoulterone, (−)‐coulterone, (−)‐obtusinone D, and (−)‐obtusinone E have been synthesized for the first time. In addition, the hypothesis for the non‐enzymatic biogenesis of benzo[1,3]dioxole natural products has been experimentally investigated. Additional experimental evidence for the abiotic formation of the methylenedioxy unit is provided, as photolysis of the quinone (+)‐komaroviquinone resulted in the formation of the [1,3]dioxole‐containing natural product (−)‐cyclocoulterone and (+)‐komarovispirone.
A Tryptoline Ring‐Distortion Strategy Leads to Complex and Diverse Biologically Active Molecules from the Indole Alkaloid Yohimbine
Authors: Paciaroni Nicholas G. , Ratnayake Ranjala , Matthews James H. , Norwood Verrill M. , Arnold Austin C. , Dang Long H. , Luesch Hendrik , Huigens Robert W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHigh‐throughput screening (HTS) is the primary driver to current drug‐discovery efforts. New therapeutic agents that enter the market are a direct reflection of the structurally simple compounds that make up screening libraries. Unlike medically relevant natural products (e.g., morphine), small molecules currently being screened have a low fraction of sp3 character and few, if any, stereogenic centers. Although simple compounds have been useful in drugging certain biological targets (e.g., protein kinases), more sophisticated targets (e.g., transcription factors) have largely evaded the discovery of new clinical agents from screening collections. Herein, a tryptoline ring‐distortion strategy is described that enables the rapid synthesis of 70 complex and diverse compounds from yohimbine (1); an indole alkaloid. The compounds that were synthesized had architecturally complex and unique scaffolds, unlike 1 and other scaffolds. These compounds were subjected to phenotypic screens and reporter gene assays, leading to the identification of new compounds that possessed various biological activities, including antiproliferative activities against cancer cells with functional hypoxia‐inducible factors, nitric oxide inhibition, and inhibition and activation of the antioxidant response element. This tryptoline ring‐distortion strategy can begin to address diversity problems in screening libraries, while occupying biologically relevant chemical space in areas critical to human health.
Relative Strand Orientation in a DNA Duplex Controls the Nuclearity of a Metal‐Mediated Base Pair
Authors: Mandal Soham , Hebenbrock Marian , Müller Jens 
Published: November 2016

Abstract1,N6‐Ethenoadenine (ϵA) and cytosine (C) are able to form two different metal‐mediated base pairs. When the glycosidic bonds are arranged in a cisoid manner (i.e., in antiparallel‐stranded DNA), the ϵA:C mispair binds one AgI ion, leading to a mononuclear ϵA‐AgI‐C base pair that contains a synergistic hydrogen bond. In contrast, a transoid orientation of the glycosidic bonds (as found in parallel‐stranded DNA) results in the formation of a dinuclear metal‐mediated base pair ϵA‐AgI2‐C.
Catalytic sp3–sp3 Functionalisation of Sulfonamides: Late‐Stage Modification of Drug‐Like Molecules
Authors: Abdulla Othman , Clayton Adam D. , Faulkner Robert A. , Gill Duncan M. , Rice Craig R. , Walton Scarlett M. , Sweeney Joseph B. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA new application of Pd‐catalysed allylation is reported that enables the synthesis of a range of branched sp3‐functionalised sulfonamides, a compound class for which few reported methods exist. By reacting benzyl sulfonamides with allylic acetates in the presence of Pd0 catalysts and base at room temperature, direct allylation was efficiently performed, yielding products that are analogues of structural motifs seen in biologically active small molecules. The reaction was performed under mild conditions and could be applied to nanomolar sigma‐receptor binders, thus enabling a late‐stage functionalisation and efficient expansion of drug‐like chemical space.
Copper‐Catalyzed Alkoxycarbonylation of Alkanes with Alcohols
Authors: Li Yahui , Wang Changsheng , Zhu Fengxiang , Wang Zechao , Dixneuf Pierre H. , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEsters are important chemicals widely used in various areas, and alkoxycarbonylation represents one of the most powerful tools for their synthesis. In this communication, a new copper‐catalyzed carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of aliphatic esters from cycloalkanes and alcohols was developed. Through direct activation of the C
−H bond of alkanes and with alcohols as the nucleophiles, the desired esters were prepared in moderate‐to‐good yields. Paraformaldehyde could also be applied for in situ alcohol generation by radical trapping, and moderate yields of the corresponding esters could be produced. Notably, this is the first report on copper‐catalyzed alkoxycarbonylation of alkanes.
Describing and understanding behavioral responses to multiple stressors and multiple stimuli
Authors: Hale Robin , Piggott Jeremy J. , Swearer Stephen E. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryUnderstanding the effects of environmental change on natural ecosystems is a major challenge, particularly when multiple stressors interact to produce unexpected “ecological surprises” in the form of complex, nonadditive effects that can amplify or reduce their individual effects. Animals often respond behaviorally to environmental change, and multiple stressors can have both population‐level and community‐level effects. However, the individual, not combined, effects of stressors on animal behavior are commonly studied. There is a need to understand how animals respond to the more complex combinations of stressors that occur in nature, which requires a systematic and rigorous approach to quantify the various potential behavioral responses to the independent and interactive effects of stressors. We illustrate a robust, systematic approach for understanding behavioral responses to multiple stressors based on integrating schemes used to quantitatively classify interactions in multiple‐stressor research and to qualitatively view interactions between multiple stimuli in behavioral experiments. We introduce and unify the two frameworks, highlighting their conceptual and methodological similarities, and use four case studies to demonstrate how this unification could improve our interpretation of interactions in behavioral experiments and guide efforts to manage the effects of multiple stressors. Our unified approach: (1) provides behavioral ecologists with a more rigorous and systematic way to quantify how animals respond to interactions between multiple stimuli, an important theoretical advance, (2) helps us better understand how animals behave when they encounter multiple, potentially interacting stressors, and (3) contributes more generally to the understanding of “ecological surprises” in multiple stressors research.
Retraction Statement: Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Substituted Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxalines and Isoindolo[2,1‐a]quinoxalin‐6(5H)‐ones
Authors: Biswas Subhasish , Batra Sanjay 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe following article from the European Journal of Organic Chemistry, published online on June 17, 2013 in Wiley Online Library (onlinelibrary.wiley.com, doi: 10.1002/ejoc.201300466) and in print (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2013, 4895–4902), has been retracted by agreement between the corresponding author, the journal Editor, Dr. Haymo Ross, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. The retraction has been agreed to for the following reasons.The synthesis described in this manuscript uses the products from a previous Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis article (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2011, 353, 3330−3334) as precursors. As discovered by Professor Jérôme Thibonnet and co‐workers, Université François Rabelais, Tours, the products of this previous paper are not isoindoles but the corresponding indoles. Therefore, the structures of the newly synthesized derivatives are also incorrect.