bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Future of the Industrial Inspector
Authors: Drury C. G. 
Published: July 2017

The human inspector is being challenged by increasingly stringent quality demands and by the advent of automated inspection devices. This panel discussion follows on from the interactive session ‘Industrial Inspection - Present and Future’. The panel will discuss the implications of tightened standards and automation on both the inspector and the research needs. The question posed is: Have we reached the point where no more needs to be known about inspectors because there will be fewer and fewer inspectors. A short presentation on automated inspection, by the Chairman and M.A. Sinclair, will be followed by position outlines by the panelists. Panelists include: M.A. Sinclair, University of Loughborough L.H. Geyer, Northeastern University S.M. Gupta, Northeastern University and all presenters from the Industrial Inspection interactive session. Discussion of topics raised by panelists and audience will follow. The final section of the session will be spent planning future research and implementation needs to ensure the efficiency and well-being of the industrial inspector.
There's no Such Thing as a Man's Job: Eliminating Strength and Size Barriers to Women in A Material Slitting Area
Authors: Slater Virginia M. 
Published: July 2017

A study was undertaken to ascertain if women could adequately perform a slitting job, and to determine any corresponding necessary female anthropometry. Present operators and machinery were measured, and photographic and observational task analyses were used in developing solutions. Inexpensive modifications to commercially available material handling trucks would replace an overhead hoist system now in use. This would result in a significant decrease in operator motion affecting the lower back, eliminate hazardous situations when using the hoist, and decrease machine set-up time by 10%. To decrease even further the muscle straining aspects and unsafe practices, lighter weight arbors, arbor release levers, and slit roll loading and storage were investigated.
How to Get a Grip on TADS/PNVS
Authors: Trabold Fredrick W. , Housman Mark T. 
Published: July 2017

This article describes the methodology, trade studies, subjective evaluation, and applied experimental techniques employed in the design of multi-function handgrip controls. These handgrips, used in acquiring and tracking ground targets from a helicopter, were developed as part of the Target Acquisition Detection System (TADS) and Pilot's Night Vision System (PNVS) integrated in the AAH-64 Advanced Attack Helicopter. Although the studies contained in this article were directed toward designing a specific set of handgrips, the basic criteria and techniques can serve as guidelines for future handgrip designs.
The Inherent Organization of the Paper Office: Implications for Electronic Document Management Systems
Authors: Irving Gary W. , Van Praag John , Gilfoil David 
Published: July 2017

As the technological availability of electronic document management systems approaches, questions concerning the appropriate user interface design must be investigated and answered. Much of this investigation must focus on the characteristics of the paper office which the electronic system is intended eventually to replace. Of immediate interest are the physical organization of the paper office and the organization of the mental model which users reference to aid their document management tasks. An exploratory investigation analyzed a small number of existing paper offices, modeled their physical organizations, and studied the behaviors of their owners in document filing and retrieval tasks. Multi-dimensional scaling techniques were used to discover the inherent dimensionality of the mental models the users had created of their paper offices. Protocol analysis was employed to infer cues used for aiding retrieval based on incomplete information. This set of cues was evaluated for candidate dimensions in the mental model of the paper office. The results of the exploratory investigation were evaluated for user interface requirements of electronic document management systems. Classical DBMS query languages and data models were evaluated against the user interface requirements. These were found insufficient in the key requirements of simple filing procedures and retrieval based on incomplete and/or partially erroneous information. A user interface and data model is recommended that might provide higher performance. A research plan for a thorough investigation is outlined.
A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals
Authors: Gerald J. Edward ,   Assisted, Charnley Mitchell V. , Jensen William P. , Schneider Maarten 
Published: July 2017

During the period of these notes, British newspapers raised their prices again and the upward trend in circulation figures ended abruptly. Fear of retrenchment haunted Fleet Street and nervousness cropped out in a spontaneous strike in the office of one of the national dailies. Similar uneasiness was reported in Norway and, in France, the plight of the intellectual became worse in a period of rising prices and low wages. French journalists continued restive not only because of the economic situation but because of the uncertainties in governments role. The anti-collaborationist laws which clouded the title to some newspaper properties, and even impaired freedom of press itself, have not been clarified to the satisfaction of journalists. Censorship was reported in Pakistan and Egypt. In Bermuda a newspaper felt the lash of unfriendly government. The Times of London was indicted on charges resulting from publishing an election advertisement. British newspapers have long complained that government newsprint rules favor magazines and The Times took advantage of the rules to establish a weekly newsmagazine. In Paris, études de Presse, scholarly quarterly of the French Press Institute which had been suspended in 1947, was revived under direction of Georges Bourgin. The first three issues presented research material of uniformly good quality.
A Selected Bibliography from Foreign Journals
Authors: Gerald J. Edward 
Published: July 2017

The first issues of the I. P. I. Report, published by the International Press Institute, appeared during this quarter. They furnish an unequalled report on communications around the world. L'Echo de la Presse became a weekly on April 11, realizing a seven-year dream of Editor Jacquemart. News developments included progress on reform of the British law of libel, evidence of the growth of advertising in Great Britain during the Socialist emphasis on the welfare state, and consideration of new basic press laws in West Germany, Pakistan and France. The chief editor of a leading Catholic daily in The Netherlands was dismissed. La Prensa of Buenos Aires reappeared as the painted darling of the Peron dictatorship and La Razon of La Paz appeared dead of intimidation by Estenssoro's revolutionary gangs. A leading Communist editor went to jail in France as part of the government's gesture of warning against armed agitation. A new international federation of journalists, the West's answer to the Communist IOJ, elected a famed British labor leader as president.
Breast Surgery International — Breast Cancer in Developing Countries
Authors: Sandelin K. , Apffelstaedt J. P. , Abdullah H. , Murray E. M. , Ajuluchuku E. U. 
Published: July 2017

Breast Surgery International (BSI) was formed in 1999 as an integrated society within the International Surgical Society ISS/SIC. One goal is to promote breast surgery world wide and focus on the situation in the developing countries. An edited summary of a symposium on locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and the current situation in two African countries and in Malaysia is reported. Diagnosis, management and treatment options differ from recommendations that prevail due to lack of resources, lack of access to facilities and cultural and socioeconomic barriers. Younger age at onset, more men are affected and locally advanced breast cancer dominates the clinical panorama. A rational treatment plan for LABC should have chemotherapy, surgery, radiotherapy and hormonal therapy as armaments. A unique opportunity exists for international interchange within a professional organization such as BSI, for providing training opportunities, for clinical and experimental studies of the world's most common female malignancy.
Logistics of Referral, Diagnostic Assessment and Treatment of Patients with Breast Symptoms and Signs
Authors: Kåresen R. , Jensen H. H. , Sauer T. , Schlichting E. , Skaane P. , Wang H. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: The logistics of diagnosis and treatment in a hospital with slightly above 400 new cases of breast cancer per year is analysed. Materials and Methods: The patient flow from referral, through the diagnostic procedures and through surgical treatment is described. Results and Conclusions: The basic principle of the diagnostic assessment is the triple diagnostic procedure including mammography supplemented by ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration cytology and clinical examination. The radiologist and pathologist are working together in the breast diagnostic centre and are thus able to give a “single visit diagnosis” in most cases. The surgeon sees the patient either the same day or the next. A “consensus meeting” held each week with representatives for all specialities present has an important function in quality assurance and education. If one or more of the triple diagnostic components reach conclusion level “suspicious lesion”, surgery is indicated. In hospital management is based on day surgery for all biopsies, wide excisions with or without sentinel node and some ablatio simplex mammae. For wide excision and ablation with complete axillary node clearance, the patients are transferred from the day surgery unit to a patient hotel after 3–4 hours of observation and stay till the drain can be removed. Only in rare case of high cardiopulmonary risk, beds in ordinary wards are used. This is a highly cost efficient logistic saving the hospital approximately 400 000 EUR a year compared to ordinary in hospital treatment.
Fatal Firearm Injuries in Finland: A Nationwide Survey
Authors: Mäkitie I. , Pihlajamäki H. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: Treatment of life-threatening firearm injuries represents major challenges to the involved medical staff. The aim of the study was to assess numbers, natures and injury patterns of fatal incidents by firearms in Finland over a 10-year period. Material and Methods: Retrospective analysis of all firearm-related deaths during the 10-year period from January 1990 to December 1999. Death certificates were obtained and reviewed with detailed analysis of non-suicidal deaths. Results: Over the 10-year period 1990 to 1999, 452 individuals (equivalent to 1.8 cases per 100 000 person-years) died in Finland as a result of accidental or violent shooting. There were no significant changes in numbers of cases from year to year. The malefemale ratio was 7:3. The mean age of the victims was 32 years. The shooting incident had been classified as an assault in 78 % of cases. Its nature was unspecified in 13 % of cases and clearly accidental in 9 %. The predominant anatomical site of fatal injury following assault was the chest in 43 %, the head in 42 % and the abdomen in 8 % of the cases. After accidental or unspecified nature shooting, the predominant site of injury was the head in 68 %, followed by the chest in 16 % and the abdomen in 10 % of the cases. Most victims (86 %) died at the scene of the shooting. Only 14 % were alive at hospital admittance. Most hospitalised victims died within 24 hours of admission. Conclusions: The annual incidence of fatal non-suicidal firearm injuries did not change significantly in Finland between 1990 and 1999. Victims of such injuries required only minimal hospital resources because in most cases they died at the scene of the shooting. The results of the study reported indicate that efforts to prevent fatal injuries from use of firearms or diminish their number should be focused mainly on prevention of firearm related assault.
Inguinal Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy for Staging Anal Cancer
Authors: Péley G. , Farkas E. , Sinkovics I. , Kovács T. , Keresztes S. , Orosz Z. , Köves I. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: The optimal treatment of clinically negative inguinal lymph nodes in patients with primary anal cancer has not yet been clearly defined. The presence of metastases in the inguinal lymph nodes is an adverse prognostic factor for anal cancer. In the present study the feasibility of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for staging anal cancer was investigated. Patients and Methods: From September 1999 to March 2002, 8 patients with biopsy proven primary anal cancer underwent lymphoscintigraphy and dual-agent guided inguinal SLNB for nodal staging before starting multimodality treatment. Results: Inguinal SLNB was successful in all 8 patients (13 groins). A total of 20 hot and blue SLNs (mean 1,5 (1–2) per groins) were removed. In 2 patients (25 %) the SLN was positive for metastasis. Conclusions: Lymphoscintigraphy followed by dual-agent guided inguinal SLNB is technically feasible for staging patients with primary anal cancer. The detection of metastases in the removed sentinel lymph node(s) may alter the treatment and thus may improve the locoregional control and overall survival of these patients.
The Fate of AAA Patients Referred Electively to Vascular Surgical Unit
Authors: Heikkinen M. , Salenius J. , Zeitlin R. , Saarinen J. , Suominen V. , Metsänoja R. , Auvinen O. 
Published: July 2017

Background: The ideal treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) is to operate aneurysms likely to rupture, without exposing other cases to major surgery. The purpose here was to analyse retrospectively the management of AAA in a well-defined geographical region in the 1990's. Methods: 194 new vascular surgical outpatient consultations due to AAA were done to the regional vascular centre during the years 1990, 1992, 1994, 1996 and 1998. Data were collected from case records. Statistics Finland provided causes and dates of death. Results: The mean observed annual AAA incidence was 9.0 per 100 000 inhabitants and it rose significantly (33.3 %) during the study period. The duration of follow-up varied between 0 and 129 months. The 5/8-year cumulative mortality was 37.3/50.7 %. The most common causes of death were AAA-related (31.7 %), cardiac (29.1 %) or malignancy (19.0 %). Twenty-five patients with small AAA were referred to primary health care sector for further follow-up. There were no RAAA (ruptured AAA) deaths in this group. The cumulative 5/8-year mortality was 43.2/49.9 %. One hundred patients underwent an elective aneurysm repair with in-hospital mortality of 7.0 %. The cumulative 5/8-year mortality was 23.7/35.4 %. Twelve patients refused elective treatment. The cumulative 5/8-year mortality was 45.1/63.4 % and 5/7 deaths were due to RAAA. Twenty-three patients were unfit for elective repair. The cumulative 5/8-year mortality was 87.0 %/100 % and 5/20 deaths were caused by RAAA. The cumulative 5/8-year RAAA-rate in the patients with AAA more than 5.0 cm in diameter and outside elective aneurysm-repair (n = 23) was 51.9 %/100.0 %. Conclusion: The observed incidence of AAA increased during the 1990's. Half of the patients underwent an elective procedure. Patients unfit for surgery died mainly for other reasons than RAAA. Most patients with AAA over 5.5 cm not subjected to elective procedure, died of rupture.
Do Normal Leucocyte Count and C-Reactive Protein on Admission to Hospital Exclude a Life-Threatening Attack of Acute Pancreatitis?
Authors: Hämäläinen M. T. , Grönroos P. , Grönroos J. M. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: The early severity assessment of an attack of acute pancreatitis is clinically of utmost importance. The aim of the present work was to study the role of leucocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) measurements on admission to hospital in assessing the severity of an attack of acute pancreatitis. In particular, patients with a life-threatening attack of acute pancreatitis but a normal leucocyte count and CRP level were sought. Material and Methods: A total of 1050 attacks of acute pancreatitis were treated at Turku University Central Hospital during the years 1995–1999. Leucocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) value were determined on admission to hospital. There were 58 life-threatening attacks of acute pancreatitis (group A). Fifty-eight consecutive mild attacks served as controls (group B). The number of patients with both values normal, only leucocyte count raised, only CRP level raised and both values raised were calculated in the groups A and B. Results: Both leucocyte count and CRP level were significantly ( P < 0.001 in both comparisons) higher on admission to hospital in patients with a life-threatening disease (group A) than in those with a mild disease (group B). Group A contained no patients with both values in the normal range. In group B, one fifth of the patients had both values normal. Conclusion: It is very unlikely that acute pancreatitis proves to be a life-threatening one when both the leucocyte count and CRP are normal on admission to hospital. In the present 1050 acute pancreatitis there were no patients with life-threatening disease but normal laboratory values on admission.
Epidemiology of Liver Injuries
Authors: Talving P. , Beckman M. , Häggmark T. , Iselius L. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of liver injuries and to grade injuries according to the Organ Injury Scale in a population-based study in Stockholm County comprising 1.75 million inhabitants. Material and Methods: Cases were retrieved from the National Board of Forensic Medicine and Public Health and Medical Services Committee Register. Autopsy reports and patients files were studied for liver injuries, associated injuries, age, sex, trauma mechanism, location of the injury, description of the injury, diagnostic and treatment modalities when available. Results: The incidence of traumatic liver injury in 1996 and 1997 was 2.95/100 000 annually. Seventy seven autopsies with liver injuries revealed injury pattern of grade I in 6 cases (8 %), grade II in 10 cases (13 %), grade III in 21 cases (27 %), grade IV in 15 cases (19 %), grade V in 16 cases (21 %) and grade VI in 9 cases (12 %). Twenty four patients revealed injury pattern of grade II in 13 cases (46 %), grade III in 4 cases (14 %), grade IV in 5 cases (18 %) and grade V in 2 cases (7 %). Conclusions: The results demonstrate a low incidence of liver injuries in the studied population. Grade II and III injuries prevail. Surgical management of liver injuries is an infrequent treatment option in Stockholm County and simple operative measures were applied. No complex hepatic injuries were operated upon.
Outcome and Long Term Results of Surgical Resection for Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST)
Authors: Besana-Ciani I. , Boni L. , Dionigi G. , Benevento A. , Dionigi R. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST) are rare; diagnosis and prognosis of these tumors are often complex. We present short and long term results of surgical resection for GIST at the Department of Surgery, University of Insubria, during a period of 14 years. Material and Methods: All patients' data, tumor characteristics, surgical procedure and survival data were analyzed retrospectively. Tumors were divided in risk classes using a new classification proposed by Fletcher, based on tumor size and number of mitosis. Results: From 1987 to 2001 19 patients underwent surgical resection for GIST. Stomach was the most common site of localization. Complete resection was achieved in 78.9 cases, while in 21.1 % radical resection was not possible. The mean tumor size was 8.4 cm (1.2–30 cm): < 5 cm diameter in 11/19 cases (58 %), 5–10 cm in 4/19 (21 %) and > 10 cm in 4/19 (21 %). Mitotic count was < 10/50 HPF in 68.5 % (13/19) and > 10/50 in 31.5 % (6/19). Using Fletcher's classification, tumors were divided in very low (8/19, 42.2 %), low (3/19, 15.8 %), intermediate (4/19, 21 %) and high risk (4/19, 21 %). The 5 years overall survival was 63 % and 34 % respectively with a statistically significant difference between tumors < 5cm and > 10 cm in diameter and between complete and incomplete resection. High risk tumors have a significantly shorter survival than low or very low risk. Conclusions: Our experience confirms that GIST are uncommon and aggressive cancers which prognosis is strictly related to tumor size and number of mitosis. Although significant advances on new chemotherapic regimes have been made, to date, radical surgical removal is the only chance of long term survival.
Common Femoral Artery — Uncommon Aneurysms
Authors: Savolainen H. , Widmer M. K. , Heller G. , Gerber M. , Carrel T. P. , Schmidli J. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: Femoral artery aneurysms are rare. Their natural history, tendency to embolize or rupture are not well known. Material and Methods: Data of all patients seen 1996–2002 with femoral artery aneurysms at the Swiss Cardiovascular Center were analysed. Nine patients with 13 aneurysms of the common femoral artery (CFA) were identified. Only true aneurysms with a diameter of at least 2.5 cm were included. All patients were male, mean age 70 years (range: 57–85 years). Four patients had bilateral femoral aneurysms. Risk factors included hypertension (9/9), smoking (7/9). One of the aneurysms was palpable in 5/9. Four patients were asymptomatic, 5 had Fontaine class II claudication. Five patients also had an aortic aneurysm (AAA), one a thoracic aneurysm; and 6/9 popliteal aneurysms. In all patients, diagnosis was confirmed with duplex scan. Angiography was performed preoperatively. Results: The aneurysms were operated on electively using aneurysm secclusion and interposition grafting. There were no significant perioperative complications. Median hospital stay was 8 days. Conclusion: CFA aneurysms are rare. They are palpable in nearly half of the cases. They rarely cause thrombotic or embolic complications, but are almost always connected to other aneurysms. Patients with CFA aneurysms should be screened with duplex scan. Operative therapy is straightforward, few complications can be expected. Postoperative follow-up with annual duplex scans is suggested.
Primary Vascular Access Surgery in a Well Defined Geographical Region: Long-Term Results of Autogenous Arteriovenous Fistulas
Authors: Suominen V. , Heikkinen M. , Saarinen J. , Zeitlin R. , Wirta O. , Salenius J. 
Published: July 2017

Background and Aims: Autogenous fistula should be constructed in a minimum of 50 of all new ESRD patients scheduled for haemodialysis. The radio-cephalic fistula described by Brescia and colleagues in 1966 is considered to be the access of choice due to its good patency and low complication rate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of primary access surgery in a well-defined geographical region in Finland. Material and Methods: All primary vascular access procedures between 1990–1999 were selected in the local vascular registry. Additional data was collected from patients' case records. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate fistula patency. Multivariate analysis of four variables (age, gender, diabetes mellitus, smoking) was done to determine their association with primary success Results: 407 primary procedures were done during the 10-year period including 405 (99.5 %) autogenous fistulas and two prosthetic grafts (0.5 %). 230 (56.8 %) fistulas were used for haemodialysis during the study. Cumulative primary functional patency at one year was 84.1 %, at two years 75.2 % and at five years 50.1 %. An attempt to salvage failing or failed fistula was done in only 15 (6.5 %) cases with insignificant impact on outcome. None of the tested variables was associated with poor functional success. Conclusions: The strategy of using native radio-cephalic fistula as a first access site results in excellent early and long-term functional patency for ESRD patient.