bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultra-low-frequency wave-driven diffusion of radiation belt relativistic electrons
Authors: Su Zhenpeng , Zhu Hui , Xiao Fuliang , Zong Q.-G. , Zhou X.-Z. , Zheng Huinan , Wang Yuming , Wang Shui , Hao Y.-X. , Gao Zhonglei , He Zhaoguo , Baker D. N. , Spence H. E. , Reeves G. D. , Blake J. B. , Wygant J. R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractVan Allen radiation belts are typically two zones of energetic particles encircling the Earth separated by the slot region. How the outer radiation belt electrons are accelerated to relativistic energies remains an unanswered question. Recent studies have presented compelling evidence for the local acceleration by very-low-frequency (VLF) chorus waves. However, there has been a competing theory to the local acceleration, radial diffusion by ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves, whose importance has not yet been determined definitively. Here we report a unique radiation belt event with intense ULF waves but no detectable VLF chorus waves. Our results demonstrate that the ULF waves moved the inner edge of the outer radiation belt earthward 0.3 Earth radii and enhanced the relativistic electron fluxes by up to one order of magnitude near the slot region within about 10 h, providing strong evidence for the radial diffusion of radiation belt relativistic electrons.
Exome-wide association analysis reveals novel coding sequence variants associated with lipid traits in Chinese
Authors: Tang Clara S. , Zhang He , Cheung Chloe Y. Y. , Xu Ming , Ho Jenny C. Y. , Zhou Wei , Cherny Stacey S. , Zhang Yan , Holmen Oddgeir , Au Ka-Wing , Yu Haiyi , Xu Lin , Jia Jia , Porsch Robert M. , Sun Lijie , Xu Weixian , Zheng Huiping , Wong Lai-Yung , Mu Yiming , Dou Jingtao , Fong Carol H. Y. , Wang Shuyu , Hong Xueyu , Dong Liguang , Liao Yanhua , Wang Jiansong , Lam Levina S. M. , Su Xi , Yan Hua , Yang Min-Lee , Chen Jin , Siu Chung-Wah , Xie Gaoqiang , Woo Yu-Cho , Wu Yangfeng , Tan Kathryn C. B. , Hveem Kristian , Cheung Bernard M. Y. , Zöllner Sebastian , Xu Aimin , Eugene Chen Y , Jiang Chao Qiang , Zhang Youyi , Lam Tai-Hing , Ganesh Santhi K. , Huo Yong , Sham Pak C. , Lam Karen S. L. , Willer Cristen J. , Tse Hung-Fat , Gao Wei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBlood lipids are important risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). Here we perform an exome-wide association study by genotyping 12,685 Chinese, using a custom Illumina HumanExome BeadChip, to identify additional loci influencing lipid levels. Single-variant association analysis on 65,671 single nucleotide polymorphisms reveals 19 loci associated with lipids at exome-wide significance (P<2.69 × 10−7), including three Asian-specific coding variants in known genes (CETP p.Asp459Gly, PCSK9 p.Arg93Cys and LDLR p.Arg257Trp). Furthermore, missense variants at two novel loci—PNPLA3 p.Ile148Met and PKD1L3 p.Thr429Ser—also influence levels of triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, respectively. Another novel gene, TEAD2, is found to be associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol through gene-based association analysis. Most of these newly identified coding variants show suggestive association (P<0.05) with CAD. These findings demonstrate that exome-wide genotyping on samples of non-European ancestry can identify additional population-specific possible causal variants, shedding light on novel lipid biology and CAD.
NSD1 mutations generate a genome-wide DNA methylation signature
Authors: Choufani S. , Cytrynbaum C. , Chung B. H. Y. , Turinsky A. L. , Grafodatskaya D. , Chen Y. A. , Cohen A. S. A. , Dupuis L. , Butcher D. T. , Siu M. T. , Luk H. M. , Lo I. F. M. , Lam S. T. S. , Caluseriu O. , Stavropoulos D. J. , Reardon W. , Mendoza-Londono R. , Brudno M. , Gibson W. T. , Chitayat D. , Weksberg R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSotos syndrome (SS) represents an important human model system for the study of epigenetic regulation; it is an overgrowth/intellectual disability syndrome caused by mutations in a histone methyltransferase, NSD1. As layered epigenetic modifications are often interdependent, we propose that pathogenic NSD1 mutations have a genome-wide impact on the most stable epigenetic mark, DNA methylation (DNAm). By interrogating DNAm in SS patients, we identify a genome-wide, highly significant NSD1+/−-specific signature that differentiates pathogenic NSD1 mutations from controls, benign NSD1 variants and the clinically overlapping Weaver syndrome. Validation studies of independent cohorts of SS and controls assigned 100% of these samples correctly. This highly specific and sensitive NSD1+/− signature encompasses genes that function in cellular morphogenesis and neuronal differentiation, reflecting cardinal features of the SS phenotype. The identification of SS-specific genome-wide DNAm alterations will facilitate both the elucidation of the molecular pathophysiology of SS and the development of improved diagnostic testing.
Aerosol influence on energy balance of the middle atmosphere of Jupiter
Authors: Zhang Xi , West Robert A. , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Nixon Conor A. , Yung Yuk L. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAerosols are ubiquitous in planetary atmospheres in the Solar System. However, radiative forcing on Jupiter has traditionally been attributed to solar heating and infrared cooling of gaseous constituents only, while the significance of aerosol radiative effects has been a long-standing controversy. Here we show, based on observations from the NASA spacecraft Voyager and Cassini, that gases alone cannot maintain the global energy balance in the middle atmosphere of Jupiter. Instead, a thick aerosol layer consisting of fluffy, fractal aggregate particles produced by photochemistry and auroral chemistry dominates the stratospheric radiative heating at middle and high latitudes, exceeding the local gas heating rate by a factor of 5–10. On a global average, aerosol heating is comparable to the gas contribution and aerosol cooling is more important than previously thought. We argue that fractal aggregate particles may also have a significant role in controlling the atmospheric radiative energy balance on other planets, as on Jupiter.
Appetitive floral odours prevent aggression in honeybees
Authors: Nouvian Morgane , Hotier Lucie , Claudianos Charles , Giurfa Martin , Reinhard Judith 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHoneybees defend their colonies aggressively against intruders and release a potent alarm pheromone to recruit nestmates into defensive tasks. The effect of floral odours on this behaviour has never been studied, despite the relevance of these olfactory cues for the biology of bees. Here we use a novel assay to investigate social and olfactory cues that drive defensive behaviour in bees. We show that social interactions are necessary to reveal the recruiting function of the alarm pheromone and that specific floral odours—linalool and 2-phenylethanol—have the surprising capacity to block recruitment by the alarm pheromone. This effect is not due to an olfactory masking of the pheromone by the floral odours, but correlates with their appetitive value. In addition to their potential applications, these findings provide new insights about how honeybees make the decision to engage into defence and how conflicting information affects this process.
Correlated compositional and mineralogical investigations at the Chang′e-3 landing site
Authors: Ling Zongcheng , Jolliff Bradley L. , Wang Alian , Li Chunlai , Liu Jianzhong , Zhang Jiang , Li Bo , Sun Lingzhi , Chen Jian , Xiao Long , Liu Jianjun , Ren Xin , Peng Wenxi , Wang Huanyu , Cui Xingzhu , He Zhiping , Wang Jianyu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe chemical compositions of relatively young mare lava flows have implications for the late volcanism on the Moon. Here we report the composition of soil along the rim of a 450-m diameter fresh crater at the Chang′e-3 (CE-3) landing site, investigated by the Yutu rover with in situ APXS (Active Particle-induced X-ray Spectrometer) and VNIS (Visible and Near-infrared Imaging Spectrometer) measurements. Results indicate that this region's composition differs from other mare sample-return sites and is a new type of mare basalt not previously sampled, but consistent with remote sensing. The CE-3 regolith derived from olivine-normative basaltic rocks with high FeO/(FeO+MgO). Deconvolution of the VNIS data indicates abundant high-Ca ferropyroxene (augite and pigeonite) plus Fe-rich olivine. We infer from the regolith composition that the basaltic source rocks formed during late-stage magma-ocean differentiation when dense ferropyroxene-ilmenite cumulates sank and mixed with deeper, relatively ferroan olivine and orthopyroxene in a hybridized mantle source.
Global insights into acetic acid resistance mechanisms and genetic stability of Acetobacter pasteurianus strains by comparative genomics
Authors: Wang Bin , Shao Yanchun , Chen Tao , Chen Wanping , Chen Fusheng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAcetobacter pasteurianus (Ap) CICC 20001 and CGMCC 1.41 are two acetic acid bacteria strains that, because of their strong abilities to produce and tolerate high concentrations of acetic acid, have been widely used to brew vinegar in China. To globally understand the fermentation characteristics, acid-tolerant mechanisms and genetic stabilities, their genomes were sequenced. Genomic comparisons with 9 other sequenced Ap strains revealed that their chromosomes were evolutionarily conserved, whereas the plasmids were unique compared with other Ap strains. Analysis of the acid-tolerant metabolic pathway at the genomic level indicated that the metabolism of some amino acids and the known mechanisms of acetic acid tolerance, might collaboratively contribute to acetic acid resistance in Ap strains. The balance of instability factors and stability factors in the genomes of Ap CICC 20001 and CGMCC 1.41 strains might be the basis for their genetic stability, consistent with their stable industrial performances. These observations provide important insights into the acid resistance mechanism and the genetic stability of Ap strains and lay a foundation for future genetic manipulation and engineering of these two strains.
Prediction of novel stable compounds in the Mg-Si-O system under exoplanet pressures
Authors: Niu Haiyang , Oganov Artem R. , Chen Xing-Qiu , Li Dianzhong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe Mg-Si-O system is the major Earth and rocky planet-forming system. Here, through quantum variable-composition evolutionary structure explorations, we have discovered several unexpected stable binary and ternary compounds in the Mg-Si-O system. Besides the well-known SiO2phases, we have found two extraordinary silicon oxides, SiO3and SiO, which become stable at pressures above 0.51 TPa and 1.89 TPa, respectively. In the Mg-O system, we have found one new compound, MgO3, which becomes stable at 0.89 TPa. We find that not only the (MgO)x·(SiO2)ycompounds, but also two (MgO3)x·(SiO3)ycompounds, MgSi3O12and MgSiO6, have stability fields above 2.41 TPa and 2.95 TPa, respectively. The highly oxidized MgSi3O12can form in deep mantles of mega-Earths with masses above 20 M⊕(M⊕:Earth’s mass). Furthermore, the dissociation pathways of pPv-MgSiO3are also clarified and found to be different at low and high temperatures. The low-temperature pathway is MgSiO3⇒ Mg2SiO4+ MgSi2O5⇒ SiO2+ Mg2SiO4⇒ MgO + SiO2, while the high-temperature pathway is MgSiO3⇒ Mg2SiO4+ MgSi2O5⇒ MgO + MgSi2O5⇒ MgO + SiO2. Present results are relevant for models of the internal structure of giant exoplanets and for understanding the high-pressure behavior of materials.
Association between maternal obesity and offspring Apgar score or cord pH: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhu Tingting , Tang Jun , Zhao Fengyan , Qu Yi , Mu Dezhi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPrevious results are inconsistent regarding the association between maternal obesity and Apgar score or cord pH in humans. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between maternal pre-pregnancy and pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and infant Apgar score or cord pH. We conducted a systematic review of studies published in English before 20 August 2015 using PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library. Eleven cohort studies with a total of 2,586,265 participants finally met our inclusion criteria. Pooled results revealed the following factors associated with Apgar score <7 at 5 minutes: overweight (odds ratio [OR] 1.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08–1.20), obese (OR 1.40; 95% CI, 1.27–1.54) and very obese (OR 1.71; 95% CI, 1.55–1.89). The pooled analysis also revealed that maternal overweight or obesity increased the risk for Apgar score <7 at 1 minute. There was no association between maternal BMI and neonatal cord pH. Thus, this study suggests that maternal overweight and obesity affect baby’s condition immediately after birth in general. More studies are needed to confirm these results and detect the influence of variables across studies.
3D Image-Guided Automatic Pipette Positioning for Single Cell Experiments in vivo
Authors: Long Brian , Li Lu , Knoblich Ulf , Zeng Hongkui , Peng Hanchuan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report a method to facilitate single cell, image-guided experiments including in vivo electrophysiology and electroporation. Our method combines 3D image data acquisition, visualization and on-line image analysis with precise control of physical probes such as electrophysiology microelectrodes in brain tissue in vivo. Adaptive pipette positioning provides a platform for future advances in automated, single cell in vivo experiments.
Genome-wide analysis of microRNAs identifies the lipid metabolism pathway to be a defining factor in adipose tissue from different sheep
Authors: Miao Xiangyang , Luo Qingmiao , Qin Xiaoyu , Guo Yuntao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMicroRNAs are short (17–24 nt) non-coding RNAs that are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in multicellular organisms by affecting both the stability and translation of mRNAs. In recent years, deep sequencing of the transcriptome is increasingly being utilized with the promise of higher sensitivity for the identification of differential expression patterns as well as the opportunity to discover new transcripts, including new alternative isoforms and miRNAs. Here, we utilized RNA-seq technology to perform a genome-wide analysis of miRNAs from the adipose tissue of the two species of sheep to look for clues that might explain the fat deposition differences between the sheep. The RNA-seq analysis detected 3132 miRNAs from the adipose tissue of the Small-tail Han and Dorset sheep, of which 2893 were defined as potential new miRNAs. In addition, 54 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the two breeds of sheep. Gene ontology and pathway analyses of the predicted target genes that negatively associated with the differentially expressed miRNAs revealed that there was less active lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of Small Tail Han sheep. This study can help understand the underling mechanisms responsible for the morphological differences related to fat deposition between two breeds of sheep.
Color Range and Color Distribution of Healthy Human Gingiva: a Prospective Clinical Study
Authors: Ho Daniel K. , Ghinea Razvan , Herrera Luis J. , Angelov Nikola , Paravina Rade D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe aim of this study is to compile a comprehensive database on color range and color distribution of healthy human gingiva by age, gender and ethnicity. Spectral reflection of keratinized gingiva at upper central incisors was measured by spectroradiometer and converted into CIELAB values. Lightness range (ΔL*) for all groups together was 26.8. Corresponding a* (green-red) and b* (blue-yellow) ranges (Δa* and Δb*) were 18.3 and 13.0. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were recorded by age for L* and a* coordinates, by gender for b* coordinate and by ethnicity for L*, a* and b* coordinates. R2-values between color coordinates were 0.01 (L*/a*), 0.03 (L*/b*) and 0.12 (a*/b*). The smallest color differences were recorded between age groups 46–60 and 60 + (ΔE* = 0.9) and between Caucasians and Hispanics (ΔE* = 1.1). Color difference by gender was 1.3. When total L*a*b* ranges were divided into four equal segments, 51.7% of subjects had L* value within the third segment (from lightest to darkest), 47.1% had a* value within the third segment (from less red to redder) and 59.3% had b* value within the second segment (from less yellow to yellower). It was found that ethnicity and age had statistically significant influence on the color of human gingiva.
From immobilized cells to motile cells on a bed-of-nails: effects of vertical nanowire array density on cell behaviour
Authors: Persson Henrik , Li Zhen , Tegenfeldt Jonas O. , Oredsson Stina , Prinz Christelle N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe field of vertical nanowire array-based applications in cell biology is growing rapidly and an increasing number of applications are being explored. These applications almost invariably rely on the physical properties of the nanowire arrays, creating a need for a better understanding of how their physical properties affect cell behaviour. Here, we investigate the effects of nanowire density on cell migration, division and morphology for murine fibroblasts. Our results show that few nanowires are sufficient to immobilize cells, while a high nanowire spatial density enables a ”bed-of-nails” regime, where cells reside on top of the nanowires and are fully motile. The presence of nanowires decreases the cell proliferation rate, even in the “bed-of-nails” regime. We show that the cell morphology strongly depends on the nanowire density. Cells cultured on low (0.1 μm−2) and medium (1 μm−2) density substrates exhibit an increased number of multi-nucleated cells and micronuclei. These were not observed in cells cultured on high nanowire density substrates (4 μm−2). The results offer important guidelines to minimize cell-function perturbations on nanowire arrays. Moreover, these findings offer the possibility to tune cell proliferation and migration independently by adjusting the nanowire density, which may have applications in drug testing.
Gut bacterial diversity of the tribes of India and comparison with the worldwide data
Authors: Dehingia Madhusmita , Thangjam devi Kanchal , Talukdar Narayan C. , Talukdar Rupjyoti , Reddy Nageshwar , Mande Sharmila S. , Deka Manab , Khan Mojibur R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe gut bacteria exert phenotypic traits to the host but the factors which determine the gut bacterial profile (GBP) is poorly understood. This study aimed to understand the effect of ethnicity and geography on GBP of Mongoloid and Proto-Australoid tribes of India. Fecal bacterial diversity was studied in fifteen tribal populations representing four geographic regions (Assam, Telangana, Manipur and Sikkim) by DGGE followed by NGS analysis on Illumina MiSeq platform. Geography and diet had significant effect on GBP of the Indian tribes which was dominated by Prevotella. The effects were more prominent with lower taxonomic levels, indicating probable functional redundancy of the core GBP. A comparison with the worldwide data revealed that GBP of the Indian population was similar to the Mongolian population (Mongolia). The bacterial genera Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Clostridium, Blautia, Ruminococcus and Roseburia were found to be core genera in the representative populations of the world.
Braid Entropy of Two-Dimensional Turbulence
Authors: Francois Nicolas , Xia Hua , Punzmann Horst , Faber Benjamin , Shats Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe evolving shape of material fluid lines in a flow underlies the quantitative prediction of the dissipation and material transport in many industrial and natural processes. However, collecting quantitative data on this dynamics remains an experimental challenge in particular in turbulent flows. Indeed the deformation of a fluid line, induced by its successive stretching and folding, can be difficult to determine because such description ultimately relies on often inaccessible multi-particle information. Here we report laboratory measurements in two-dimensional turbulence that offer an alternative topological viewpoint on this issue. This approach characterizes the dynamics of a braid of Lagrangian trajectories through a global measure of their entanglement. The topological length "Equation missing" of material fluid lines can be derived from these braids. This length is found to grow exponentially with time, giving access to the braid topological entropy "Equation missing". The entropy increases as the square root of the turbulent kinetic energy and is directly related to the single-particle dispersion coefficient. At long times, the probability distribution of "Equation missing" is positively skewed and shows strong exponential tails. Our results suggest that "Equation missing" may serve as a measure of the irreversibility of turbulence based on minimal principles and sparse Lagrangian data.
PSIP1/LEDGF: a new gene likely involved in sensorineural progressive hearing loss
Authors: Girotto Giorgia , Scheffer Déborah I. , Morgan Anna , Vozzi Diego , Rubinato Elisa , Di Stazio Mariateresa , Muzzi Enrico , Pensiero Stefano , Giersch Anne B. , Corey David P. , Gasparini Paolo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHereditary Hearing Loss (HHL) is an extremely heterogeneous disorder. Approximately 30 out of 80 known HHL genes are associated with autosomal dominant forms. Here, we identified PSIP1/LEDGF (isoform p75) as a novel strong candidate gene involved in dominant HHL. Using exome sequencing we found a frameshift deletion (c.1554_1555del leading to p.E518Dfs*2) in an Italian pedigree affected by sensorineural mild-to-moderate HHL but also showing a variable eye phenotype (i.e. uveitis, optic neuropathy). This deletion led to a premature stop codon (p.T519X) with truncation of the last 12 amino acids. PSIP1 was recently described as a transcriptional co-activator regulated by miR-135b in vestibular hair cells of the mouse inner ear as well as a possible protector against photoreceptor degeneration. Here, we demonstrate that it is ubiquitously expressed in the mouse inner ear. The PSIP1 mutation is associated with a peculiar audiometric slope toward the high frequencies. These findings indicate that PSIP1 likely plays an important role in HHL.
Microscopic optical buffering in a harmonic potential
Authors: Sumetsky M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn the early days of quantum mechanics, Schrödinger noticed that oscillations of a wave packet in a one-dimensional harmonic potential well are periodic and, in contrast to those in anharmonic potential wells, do not experience distortion over time. This original idea did not find applications up to now since an exact one-dimensional harmonic resonator does not exist in nature and has not been created artificially. However, an optical pulse propagating in a bottle microresonator (a dielectric cylinder with a nanoscale-high bump of the effective radius) can exactly imitate a quantum wave packet in the harmonic potential. Here, we propose a tuneable microresonator that can trap an optical pulse completely, hold it as long as the material losses permit and release it without distortion. This result suggests the solution of the long standing problem of creating a microscopic optical buffer, the key element of the future optical signal processing devices.