bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluación del desempeño del sistema de gestión de JUDC en FAREM Matagalpa
Authors: Mosher Golovin Elmer Miroslav , Golovina Natalia 
Published: October 2017

El presente trabajo consiste en evaluar el desempeño del sistema para la gestión de la Jornada Universitaria de Desarrollo Científico (JUDC) en la FAREM Matagalpa de acuerdo con estándares ISO 9126 y CMMI, durante el 2014. La intención de esta investigación es la verificación del software y capacidades del recurso humano mediante las herramientas ISO 9126 y CMMI, lo que permitirá detectar e identificar los diferentes problemas y fallas al introducir datos al sistema y utilizarlos, posibilitando así la implementación de mejoras para garantizar la adecuación y calidad del sistema informático. Se utilizarán diversas técnicas para la recolección de información: observación no participativa a toda la población, entrevistas a profundidad a coordinación de investigación, grupos focales a jurados y alumnos ayudantes, estudios de caso tanto individuales como grupales y evaluaciones al sistema informático. Respecto a las deficiencias que se encuentren en la evaluación inicial CMMI no se realizarán correcciones debido a los costos y el poco personal disponible para capacitaciones, pero en relación a ISO 9126 se realizarán correcciones exhaustivas en todos los aspectos del software. Luego de las correcciones se elaborará una evaluación final ISO 9126 y CMMI. Los principales problemas se detectarán tanto en la fase de llenado de datos, como en la fase de manejo del sistema. El trabajo servirá para culminar la implementación exitosa del sistema para agilizar y hacer más confiable el proceso de evaluación de trabajos de JUDC.
Eficacia de la semilla de Moringa oleífera en el aclaramiento del agua
Authors: Hernández Bojorge Santiago , Niguelie Cawich Zairie , Gómez Lejarza Marisol , González Moncada Clara 
Published: October 2017

El proyecto investigativo fue llevado a cabo en el Laboratorio de Microbiología y Parasitología de la UNAN-Managua y en el Laboratorio Nacional de Residuos Biológicos del MAGFOR con el objetivo de determinar la eficacia de la semilla del árbol M. oleífera para el aclaramiento del agua por medio de la comparación de los aspectos microbiológicos y fisicoquímicos del agua del Lago de Nicaragua (obtenida en la comarca de El Menco, Rivas), antes y después del tratamiento con una dosis de 1000 mg/Lt de la semilla de M. oleífera. El examen fisicoquímico no demostró variaciones entre las concentraciones de iones presentes en el agua pre y post tratamiento con la semilla. Los exámenes microbiológicos revelaron que M. oleífera es capaz de inhibir el crecimiento de Salmonella choleraeruis del grupo C1 en Mac Conkey agar y Staphylococcus Spp. en agar sangre, así como Escherichia coli enteropatógena en Sorbitol Mac Conkey agar. La observación al fresco del agua pre-tratamiento y post-tratamiento con la semilla mostró una remoción total de microorganismos. La dosis ideal para clarificar las aguas de Lago Cocibolca fue de 1000 mg/Lt con un tiempo de exposición a la semilla de media hora. Se recomendó la aplicación del método de filtración por grava en la comarca de El Menco para maximizar el efecto de la semilla de M. oleífera y producir agua potable a partir de agua impura.
To Post, or Not to Post – That Is the Question: Employee Monitoring and Employees’ Right to Data Protection
Authors: Lukács Adrienn 
Published: October 2017

Nowadays social media have a growing importance in several areas of our lives. They are used for numerous objectives: self-expression, keeping in touch with acquaintances, communication or obtaining information about the latest events and news. During their use the individual shares a significant amount of personal data. This conduct can have serious implications for employment. The (prospective) employer is interested in the surveillance of these sites for several reasons, as he/she can easily gain insight into the individual’s private life and obtain, without costs, detailed information about him/her. The legal problem arising is that the employee’s fundamental rights – namely the right to privacy and the right to data protection – collide with the employer’s legitimate interests.The aim of the paper is to highlight the different rights and interests present on the two sides of the parties in the employment relationship; focusing on the employee’s right to data protection and on the employer’s legitimate interests in monitoring employees. As a result of the paper, I will draw attention to the legal problems lying behind social network background checks and monitoring. I will provide recommendations on how users and employers can continue using these sites while still preserving privacy.
The Effects of Perceptions of Economic Inequality on Policy Preferences: Evidence from Michigan
Authors: BALLARD CHARLES L. , DUFF JEREMY F. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Using survey data from a random sample of the Michigan adult population, we investigate the relationship between individuals' perceptions of income inequality, economic mobility, and labor-market discrimination, and their preferences regarding a wide variety of public policies. These include policies (such as cash payments for the poor) that are economic in nature, as well as other policies (such as abortion and the death penalty) that are not narrowly economic. Our results indicate that perceptions of income inequality, economic mobility, and labor-market discrimination play an important role in explaining the variation in policy preferences. These effects tend to be more important for issues on which the degree of political polarization is relatively small. However, in many cases, these perceptions also have significant effects for issues that are more polarized. Self-reported ideology has no significant effects on preferences toward the policies for which polarization is small, but ideology has large and significant effects for the more highly polarized variables.
Elevated serum osteoprotegerin may predict peripheral arterial disease after kidney transplantation: a single-center prospective cross-sectional study in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yen-Cheng , Hsu Bang-Gee , Ho Ching-Chun , Lee Chung-Jen , Lee Ming-Che 
Published: October 2017

Background
Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a potential biomarker for severity and complications of cardiovascular diseases. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated with an increased risk of death in kidney transplantation (KT) patients. This prospective cross-sectional study evaluated the relationship between serum OPG and PAD in KT patients.

Methods
Seventy-four KT patients were enrolled for this PAD study. Fasting blood samples were obtained to measure serum OPG levels by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) of less than 0.9 was applied for PAD diagnosis.

Results
Thirteen patients (17.6%) were diagnosed with PAD. Diabetes (P = 0.025), smoking (P = 0.010), and increased OPG levels (P = 0.001) were significantly more frequent in the PAD group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that serum OPG (odds ratio [OR], 1.336; 95% CI [1.108–1.611]; P = 0.002) and diabetes (OR, 7.120; 95% CI [1.080–46.940]; P = 0.041) were independent predictors of PAD in KT patients. The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve determined that the probability of a serum OPG level of 7.117 pg/L in predicting PAD in KT patients was 0.799 (95% CI [0.690–0.884]; P < 0.001).

Discussion
Exploration of reliable biomarkers for early identification of vascular risk is crucial for KT patients. Elevated serum OPG levels may predict PAD in KT patients with cutoff value of 7.117 pg/L.
Evidence for a Localized Source of the Argon in the Lunar Exosphere
Authors: Kegerreis Jacob A. , Eke Vincent R. , Massey Richard J. , Beaumont Simon K. , Elphic Rick C. , Teodoro Luís F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe perform the first tests of various proposed explanations for observed features of the Moon's argon exosphere, including models of the following: spatially varying surface interactions; a source that reflects the lunar near‐surface potassium distribution; and temporally varying cold trap areas. Measurements from the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) and the Lunar Atmosphere Composition Experiment (LACE) are used to test whether these models can reproduce the data. The spatially varying surface interactions hypothesized in previous work cannot reproduce the persistent argon enhancement observed over the western maria. They also fail to match the observed local time of the near‐sunrise peak in argon density, which is the same for the highland and mare regions and is well reproduced by simple surface interactions with a ubiquitous desorption energy of 28 kJ mol−1. A localized source can explain the observations, with a trade‐off between an unexpectedly localized source or an unexpectedly brief lifetime of argon atoms in the exosphere. To match the observations, a point‐like source requires source and loss rates of ∼1.9 × 1021 atoms s−1. A more diffuse source, weighted by the near‐surface potassium, requires much higher rates of ∼1.1 × 1022 atoms s−1, corresponding to a mean lifetime of just 1.4 lunar days. We do not address the mechanism for producing a localized source, but demonstrate that this appears to be the only model that can reproduce the observations. Large, seasonally varying cold traps could explain the long‐term fluctuation in the global argon density observed by LADEE, but not that by LACE.
Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application of Pyridine‐Bridged N‐Heterocyclic Carbene–Ruthenium Complexes in the Hydrogenation of Carbonates
Authors: Chen Jiangbo , Zhu Haibo , Chen Jinjin , Le Zhang‐Gao , Tu Tao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA series of bulky pyridine‐bridged NHC–Ru complexes have been rationally designed and synthesized; these exhibited very high catalytic activity in the hydrogenation of cyclic and linear carbonates under mild reaction conditions. In the presence of catalytic amounts of a weak base, a broad range of substrates with different ring size and steric bulk were well tolerated, providing methanol and the corresponding diols in excellent yields with a catalyst loading as low as 0.5 mol %.
Thorough QT/QTc Evaluation of the Cardiac Safety of Secnidazole at Therapeutic and Supratherapeutic Doses in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Darpo Borje , Xue Hongqi , Adetoro Nikki , Matthews Barbara G. , Pentikis Helen S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSYM‐1219, a novel oral granule formulation of secnidazole, is under development as single‐dose treatment for bacterial vaginosis. This 4‐way, randomized, crossover study evaluated the effects of SYM‐1219 on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in 52 healthy subjects. Subjects were administered single doses of SYM‐1219, 2 g (proposed therapeutic dose), 6 g (supratherapeutic dose), placebo, and moxifloxacin (positive control). Serial digital 12‐lead ECGs were recorded pre‐ and postdose; blood samples were taken to determine plasma secnidazole concentrations. A high‐precision QT technique measured ECGs. The primary end point was change from baseline QTcF (∆QTcF); data were analyzed with the objective of excluding QT effects >10 milliseconds at postdosing time points and with exposure‐response analysis. Safety and tolerability were assessed. Single doses of 2 g and 6 g SYM‐1219 did not have a clinically relevant effect on the QTcF interval; an effect >10 milliseconds could be excluded at all postdosing time points. A shallow slope of the exposure‐response relationship was seen (0.058 millisecond per μg/mL; 90%CI 0.042, 0.073); in this model, the effect on QTc can be predicted to be <10 milliseconds up to a secnidazole plasma concentration of ∼125 μg/mL, approximately 3.4‐fold higher than anticipated peak therapeutic plasma levels. The moxifloxacin QT response demonstrated assay sensitivity. The most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse events with SYM‐1219 were headache, dizziness, and nausea. This thorough QT study demonstrated that SYM‐1219 in doses and plasma concentrations up to 3‐fold above therapeutically relevant levels does not have a clinically concerning effect on ECG parameters, including the QT interval.
Unemployment, Nonstandard Employment, and Fertility: Insights From Japan’s “Lost 20 Years”
Authors: Raymo James M. , Shibata Akihisa 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, we examine relationships of unemployment and nonstandard employment with fertility. We focus on Japan, a country characterized by a prolonged economic downturn, significant increases in both unemployment and nonstandard employment, a strong link between marriage and childbearing, and pronounced gender differences in economic roles and opportunities. Analyses of retrospective employment, marriage, and fertility data for the period 1990–2006 indicate that changing employment circumstances for men are associated with lower levels of marriage, while changes in women’s employment are associated with higher levels of marital fertility. The latter association outweighs the former, and results of counterfactual standardization analyses indicate that Japan’s total fertility rate would have been 10 % to 20 % lower than the observed rate after 1995 if aggregate- and individual-level employment conditions had remained unchanged from the 1980s. We discuss the implications of these results in light of ongoing policy efforts to promote family formation and research on temporal and regional variation in men’s and women’s roles within the family.
Investigation of Stress-Strain Constitutive Behavior of Intermetallic Alloys
Authors: Cheng H. C. , Hu H. C. , Hong R. Y. , Chen W. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe study aims to estimate the stress-strain constitutive behavior of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) observed in a solder interconnect from experimental nanoindentation responses through a modified analysis procedure for improved solution robustness based on Cheng and Cheng's and Dao et al.'s models. On the basis of parametric finite element nanoindentation simulation and dimensional analysis together with the concept of representative strain, a set of universal dimensionless functions are established, by which a forward and reverse analysis algorithm are created to predict nanoindentation responses from given elastoplastic properties and vice versa, respectively. The proposed analysis procedure is validated through comparison with the experimental nanoindentation responses and limited literature data. The results show that the proposed analysis procedure is an effective means for plastic property characterization of micro/nanoscale IMCs. The representative strain is found to be 0.056, which differs from the Dao et al.'s and Giannakopoulos and Suresh's estimate. Besides, though generally brittle and hard in nature, the IMCs in a micro/nanoscale thickness show high plasticity, and comprise a yield strength surpassing most typical engineering metals.
Three-Dimensional Elastic Analysis of Transversely-Isotropic Composites
Authors: Tokovyy Yu. V. , Ma C. C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn exact analytical solution to the three-dimensional elasticity problem for a transversely-isotropic composite layer is constructed by making use of the direct integration method along with the Fourier double-integral transform. The original problem is reduced to a system of governing partial-differential equations for separate stress-tensor components. The governing equations are accompanied with corresponding local and integral boundary conditions, obtained on the basis of the original local boundary conditions imposing the normal and shearing forces on the limiting planes of the layer. The numerical analysis of the obtained solution is presented for certain transversely-isotropic composite materials.
Psychotic patients who used cannabis frequently before illness onset have higher genetic predisposition to schizophrenia than those who did not
Authors: Aas M. , Melle I. , Bettella F. , Djurovic S. , Le Hellard S. , Bjella T. , Ringen P. A. , Lagerberg T. V. , Smeland O. B. , Agartz I. , Andreassen O. A. , Tesli M. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundSchizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are heritable, polygenic disorders with shared clinical and genetic components, suggesting a psychosis continuum. Cannabis use is a well-documented environmental risk factor in psychotic disorders. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between SZ genetic load and cannabis use before illness onset in SZ and BD spectrums. Since frequent early cannabis use (age <18 years) is believed to increase the risk of developing psychosis more than later use, follow-up analyses were conducted comparing early use to later use and no use.MethodsWe assigned a SZ-polygenic risk score (PGRS) to each individual in our independent sample (N= 381 SZ spectrum cases, 220 BD spectrum cases and 415 healthy controls), calculated from the results of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) SZ case–control study (N= 81 535). SZ-PGRS in patients who used cannabis weekly to daily in the period before first illness episode was compared with that of those who never or infrequently used cannabis.ResultsPatients with weekly to daily cannabis use before illness onset had the highest SZ-PGRS (p= 0.02, Cohen'sd= 0.33). The largest difference was found between patients with daily or weekly cannabis use before illness onset <18 years of age and patients with no or infrequent use of cannabis (p= 0.003, Cohen'sd= 0.42).ConclusionsOur study supports an association between high SZ-PGRS and frequent cannabis use before illness onset in psychosis continuum disorders.
International organisations and human rights: What direct authority needs for its legitimation
Authors: Heupel Monika , Hirschmann Gisela , Zürn Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHuman rights violations by international organisations (IOs) are a possible side effect of their growing authority. Recent examples are the cases of sexual exploitation by UN peacekeepers and violations caused by IMF austerity measures. In response, IOs increasingly develop safeguards to protect human rights from being violated through their policies to regain legitimacy. We argue that this development can be accounted for by a mechanism we call ‘authority-legitimation mechanism’. We test this theoretical expectation against ten case studies on UN and EU sanctions policies, UN and NATO peacekeeping and World Bank and IMF lending. Next, we demonstrate inductively that the authority-legitimation mechanism can evolve through different pathways, depending on which actors get engaged. We label these pathwayslegislative institution-buildingif parliaments in member states put pressure on their governments to campaign for human rights safeguards in IOs,judicial institution-buildingif courts demand human rights safeguards,like-minded institution-buildingif civil society organisations, middle powers and IO bodies with little formal power push for human rights safeguards, oranticipatory institution-buildingif IOs adopt such safeguards from other IOs without having violated human rights themselves. Finally, we argue that which of these pathways are activated and how effective they are depends on specific conditions.
The duty to rescue at sea, in peacetime and in war: A general overview
Authors: Papanicolopulu Irini 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe duty to rescue persons in distress at sea is a fundamental rule of international law. It has been incorporated in international treaties and forms the content of a norm of customary international law. It applies both during peacetime and during wartime, albeit with the necessary adjustments to take into account the different circumstances. States are also under the duty to provide search and rescue services. This article discusses the content and limitations of these provisions and assesses their potential to ensure the protection of human lives at sea. Furthermore, the article suggests that reference to the right to life, as protected in international human rights law, may be useful in further safeguarding human life and ensuring compliance by States with their duties.
Deconstructing a multiple antibiotic resistance regulation through the quantification of its input function
Authors: Rodrigo Guillermo , Bajić Djordje , Elola Ignacio , Poyatos Juan F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMany essential bacterial responses present complex transcriptional regulation of gene expression. To what extent can the study of these responses substantiate the logic of their regulation? Here, we show how the input function of the genes constituting the response, i.e., the information of how their transcription rates change as function of the signals acting on the regulators, can serve as a quantitative tool to deconstruct the corresponding regulatory logic. To demonstrate this approach, we consider the multiple antibiotic resistance (mar) response in Escherichia coli. By characterizing the input function of its representative genes in wild-type and mutant bacteria, we recognize a dual autoregulation motif as main determinant of the response, which is further adjusted by the interplay with other regulators. We show that basic attributes, like its reaction to a wide range of stress or its moderate expression change, are associated with a strong negative autoregulation, while others, like the buffering of metabolic signals or the lack of memory to previous stress, are related to a weak positive autoregulation. With a mathematical model of the input functions, we identify some constraints fixing the molecular attributes of the regulators, and also notice the relevance of the bicystronic architecture harboring the dual autoregulation that is unique in E. coli. The input function emerges then as a tool to disentangle the rationale behind most of the attributes defining the mar phenotype. Overall, the present study supports the value of characterizing input functions to deconstruct the complexity of regulatory architectures in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems.
Broadband reconfigurable logic gates in phonon waveguides
Authors: Hatanaka D. , Darras T. , Mahboob I. , Onomitsu K. , Yamaguchi H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe high-quality-factor mechanical resonator in electromechanical systems has facilitated dynamic control of phonons via parametric nonlinear processes and paved the development of mechanical logic-elements. However, the narrow spectral bandwidth of the resonating element constrains the available nonlinear phenomena thus limiting the functionality of the device as well as the switching speeds. Here we have developed phonon waveguides, with a two-octave-wide phonon transmission band, in which mechanical four-wave-like mixing is demonstrated that enables the frequency of phonon waves to be converted over 1 MHz. We harness this platform to execute multiple binary mechanical logic gates in parallel, via frequency division multiplexing in this broadband, where each gate can be independently reconfigured. The fidelity of the binary gates is verified via temporal measurements yielding eye diagrams which confirm the availability of high speed logic operations. The phonon waveguide architecture thus offers the broadband functionality that is essential to realising mechanical signal processors.