bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustainability practices of palm oil mills in the FELDA Sahabat region
Authors: Hairal Anam M S , Sulaiman A , Othman A K , Jamaludin N F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The palm oil industry is currently the top agricultural contributor to Malaysia’s economy. However, it has been criticized and perceived as a non-environmental-friendly industry. This study was conducted to identify and quantify wastes generated in palm oil mills (POMs), explore the sustainability understanding of management staff, and investigate environmental compliance of major waste disposal and treatment. The data was gathered by using POM’s operational data and interviews with management staff. The findings from four (4) POMs in the FELDA Sahabat region showed two types of major wastes were produced. The annual average generation of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) was 36771 (MT) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) was about 12,134 (MT) per mill per year from the year 2017 to 2021. In addition, POMs management staff also demonstrated a satisfactory understanding of the concept of sustainability specifically on definition, impact, value, importance, challenges, and workplace practices. This understanding was reflected in the way they managed their wastes where about 735,420 (MT) of OPEFB (2017-2021) was sent to FGV Biomass Power Plant and the nearby oil palm plantation. POME was also properly treated with an average POME Final Discharge level was 33.49 mg/L and in compliance with the MSPO legal requirement of below 100 mg/L. In conclusion, a huge amount of waste was generated from POMs in the form of OPEFB and POME and the management staff of POMs in the FELDA Sahabat region showed satisfactory understanding and practice of sustainability which was clearly reflected in their practices.
Food supply and crisis management towards food security: A review through the lens of Malaysian micro-food businesses
Authors: Azman A B , Majid M A A , Zulkifly M I 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Micro-food businesses play a vital role in Malaysia’s economy, making it imperative to understand their dynamics concerning food supply and crisis management for business resilience. This paper delves into the critical issue of food security within the context of micro-food businesses in Malaysia, particularly how they grapple with challenges like maintaining food supply chain stability during crises. Through a narrative review, this research explores the four pillars of food security (availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability) while incorporating agency and sustainability considerations. The review also analyzes food security at general, national, and micro-food business levels, encompassing food supply and crisis management strategies. A comprehensive search was conducted on Emerald Insight, Scopus, and Google Scholar, incorporating Google searches for pertinent reports and policy documents. Drawing on existing literature and research in this field, the paper sheds light on the ongoing challenges and issues surrounding food security among micro-food businesses in Malaysia. Besides, it underscores the need for further in-depth investigations to gain a more nuanced and comprehensive understanding of this sector’s intricacies. By highlighting these areas, this study contributes to the ongoing discourse on food security and calls for proactive measures to address the persistent challenges faced by micro-food businesses in Malaysia, ultimately contributing to broader global food stability efforts.
The role of legal and agricultural institutions in sustaining the adoption of new improved paddy varieties in West Kalimantan
Authors: Ekawati  , Purwanto  , Rizieq R , Ellyta  , Bancin H D 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The adoption of new improved paddy varieties (NIV) stands as a pivotal technology for bolstering rice production, thereby sustainably fortifying national food security, owing to their heightened productivity and abbreviated growth cycles that elevate cropping indices (CI) and enhance adaptability. Despite the proliferation of superior rice varieties in recent years across West Kalimantan province, their full potential remains untapped, with many farmers persisting in the use of seeds carried over multiple growing seasons. Central to ensuring the sustained adoption of NIV are the legal and agricultural institutional frameworks, pivotal in reshaping farmers’ perspectives on agribusiness management. This research endeavors to gauge the sustainability indices and status of the legal and institutional aspects governing NIV adoption, as well as identify factors pivotal in fostering sustainability within these realms. The study was conducted within the agricultural heartlands of Sambas Regency and Kubu Raya Regency in West Kalimantan. Employing a multifaceted sustainability analysis (MSA), the research findings reveal a current sustainability index value of 69.81% (indicating sustainability) and a projected future sustainability index value of 56.35% (moderately sustainable). Moreover, the ease of access to financial institutions emerges as a pivotal leveraging factor, with a value of 1.5.
Exploring the adoption of modern hives among stingless beekeeping in Sabah, Malaysia: The approach of diffusion of innovation theory
Authors: Sumin V S , Langkan F J , Damit H A , Wasli M E , Besar N A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Stingless beekeeping is crucial for Malaysia’s socio-economic development and environmental conservation, providing sustenance, materials, and income. Despite its potential, conventional practices such as obtaining stingless bee colonies through tree logging will disrupt ecosystems and threaten native pollinators. This study focuses on Sabah’s stingless beekeepers, examining factors influencing the adoption of sustainable modern hives essential for boosting honey production and additional colony sales. However, current use of modern hives remains limited due to beekeepers’ lack of interest. The Diffusion of Innovation Theory suggests the need for a sustainable approach. The results of this study show that most beekeepers use conventional hives such as log and honey box hives (87.7%), bamboo hives (59.6%), and single box hives (55.3%), while sustainable options like MARDI hives (55.3%), Mustafa hives (33.3%), and SIRIM ceramic hives (3.5%) are less common but align with guidelines for sustainable stingless beekeeping. The results discovered five latent factors that influence the respondents’ to adopt modern hives which are Compatibility, Trialability, Observability, Relative Advantage and Complexity or Simplicity with 85.31% total cumulative variance explained. These findings highlight the importance of promoting sustainable hive adoption to bolster the industry’s growth and environmental sustainability. By enhancing modern hive adoption, the stingless beekeeping industry can achieve ecological, economic, and social sustainability, contributing to Malaysia’s conservation efforts and economic growth.
Enhancing silicon spectral emission in LIBS using Tesla coil discharge
Authors: CUI 崔 Shuang 爽 , LIU 刘 Yang 扬 , CHEN 陈 Anmin 安民 , JIN 金 Mingxing 明星 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a powerful technique for elemental analysis, offering rapid analysis, minimal sample preparation, wide elemental coverage, and portability. To enhance the detection sensitivity of LIBS, increasing the spectral emission intensity is crucial. This paper explores the use of Tesla coil (TC) discharge as an alternative to spark discharge in silicon LIBS. The study examines the influence of TC discharge on both time-integrated and time-resolved spectra, with and without TC discharge; the corresponding electron temperature and density are obtained. The results show that TC discharge significantly amplifies the spectral intensity, improving signal sensitivity in LIBS analysis. Specifically, in the laser energy range from 7.4 to 24.0 mJ, TC discharge increased the average spectral line intensities of Si (II) 385.60 nm and Si (I) 390.55 nm by factors of 8.4 and 5.1, respectively. Additionally, the average electron temperature and density were enhanced by approximately 3.2% and 4.2%, respectively, under TC discharge. The advantages of TC discharge include higher energy deposition, extended discharge duration, reduced electrode erosion, and enhanced safety. This research contributes to advancing LIBS technology and expanding its applications in various fields.
Omissions in Tort Law
Authors: Steel Sandy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The book analyses and explains the legal significance of the distinction between acts and pure omissions in tort law. It articulates an alternative distinction between worsening and not-worsening which it proposes as a desirable re-conceptualisation of the current law. It defends the justifiability of a distinction in tort between positive and negative duties on grounds of non-instrumentalisation and freedom. The book then provides a conceptual and normative analysis of possible examples of positive duties which arise in tort law, such as innocent creation of risk, interference with aid, assumption of responsibility, control, special statutory duties, and the duties of public authorities.
Introduction
Authors: Steel Sandy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This introductory chapter explains the central aims of the book, the nature of its inquiry, its central theses, jurisdictional scope, and provides an outline of the chapters. It explains that the book has descriptive, analytical, and normative aims. The first is to elucidate, analytically, the content of the law’s distinction between acts and pure omissions and its legal significance in the current law. The second is to elucidate the content of the core features of the exceptional situations in which duties to promote other persons’ positions arise in tort and to explain the analytical relationships between these exceptional situations. The third is to assess, normatively, whether these exceptions are appropriate.
Assumptions of Responsibility: Part 1—The Law
Authors: Steel Sandy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
While the basic normative logic of positive duties arising from choices is intelligible, it is far more difficult to pin down exactly when in tort a person will be said to have ‘assumed responsibility’, and, on analysis, doubts begin to emerge as to whether the law reflects the basic idea that the duties are ‘chosen’ rather than ‘imposed’. The chapter seeks to demonstrate the existence of four strands of ‘assumption of responsibility’. What unites the strands is that a person has a certain measure of voluntary control over the circumstances which trigger the duty; the P-duty arises in each when they choose to do a certain action, such as making a promise or taking possession of another’s thing. In this respect, these P-duties differ from those arising from innocent risks whose occurrence one could not reasonably prevent. The importance of distinguishing the strands, however, is that each has importantly different requirements and a normative distinctiveness from the others.
Conclusion—Restating the Law on Pure Omissions
Authors: Steel Sandy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter summarises the central conclusions of the book and contrasts them with certain other views in the literature. It recaps the basic distinction between positive and negative duties defended in Chapter 1 in terms of worsening and not-worsening. It then sets out the special facts which generate positive duties in the current law and explains how the law would be conceptualised if it disaggregated genuine positive duties from disguised negative duties. It recaps the non-duty rules in relation to P-duties described and analysed in Chapter 11. Finally, it concludes with a brief statement of the main implications of the book’s analysis.
The COVID-19 Pandemic and Disability
Authors: Rimmerman Arie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter first presents a historical background to establish what can be learned from previous pandemics regarding the status of vulnerable populations and societal response to them. Next, it examines the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities in accessing health care services and the decline of face-to-face interpersonal communication, with the result that they experienced loneliness, unemployment, and decreased engagement with health and social services. The chapter then reviews and discusses how countries handled people with disabilities, particularly children with severe disabilities and older people with disabilities, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, the chapter discusses the transition during the COVID-19 pandemic from face-to-face to digital communication, such as e-learning, remote work, remote health check-ups, and online shopping.
National and International Expressions of Social Inclusion of People with Disabilities During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rimmerman Arie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The chapter introduces expressions of social inclusion of people with disabilities in Western countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, and other European countries) and in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) during the COVID-19 pandemic. In the United States and the United Kingdom, as well as in other European countries, the pandemic caused disparities in accessing health services and also in employment, education, and the civic participation of people with disabilities. The situation in LMICs was much more severe because people with disabilities had not just been “left behind” but had been deprioritized in terms of their human rights during the responses to the pandemic. The chapter concludes with lessons learned from the pandemic regarding social inclusion of people with disabilities. Countries must be prepared for the next pandemic with inclusive policies to ensure that critical information is provided in easy-to-read and plain language throughout the response and recovery phases through accessible digital technology, sign language and captioning, relay services, and text messages.
Latitudinal trends in an invasive plant: genetic differentiation, phenotypic plasticity, and the effects of heavy metals and herbivores on growth, defence and reproductive characteristics
Authors: Yan Zhisen , Zhou Yue , Lai Yuxin , Liu Yunshan , Li Yulin , Wang Yan , Li Bo , Wang Yi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Invasive species usually demonstrate remarkable adaptability across diverse environments, successfully inhabiting a wide variety of regions. This adaptability often links to genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity, leading to latitudinal trends in phenotypic traits. In this study, we collected seeds of the invasive plant Phytolacca americana from different latitudes and planted them in homogeneous gardens to investigate the latitudinal variation of P. americana phenotypic traits and to evaluate the effects of herbivory and heavy metals on plant growth, defence and reproductive characteristics.

Methods
Phytolacca americana seeds from different latitudes were planted in a homogeneous garden. For the experimental treatment, the seeds were divided into four groups: a heavy metal treatment group and its corresponding control group, and a cover treatment group with its corresponding control group. After the fruits matured, their growth, reproduction and defence indicators were measured.

Key Results
Significant latitudinal trends were observed in P. americana’s growth and defence characteristics, including changes in branch number, underground biomass, total biomass and leaf tannin content. Compared with previous field surveys on P. americana, our study found that the latitude trends in growth structure and defence traits were consistent, but the latitudinal trend of reproductive structure was different. Moreover, heavy metals and herbivory substantially influenced the plant’s growth, reproduction and defence mechanisms, further shaping its latitudinal patterns.

Conclusions
The observed phenotypic variations in P. americana across latitudes can be largely attributed to the synergistic effects of phenotypic plasticity and genetic variation. At a broader geographical scale, adaptations to heavy metal stress and herbivory pressure among different P. americana populations involve distinct trade-offs related to growth, reproduction and defence strategies.
‘ITA problem’ or opportunity? Online global communication training at a US university to increase undergraduate students’ use of collaborative strategies
Authors: Lindemann Stephanie , Ashley Kobe , Pinard Sarah , Jeong Hyeseung 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCommunication requires cooperative strategies by all interlocutors. Nevertheless, US undergraduate students’ complaints about multilingual international teaching assistants (ITAs) have typically led to training and assessment for ITAs, although the undergraduates may also benefit from training in global communication. The few previous undergraduate-training attempts have generally been too intensive to offer widely and did not investigate data from international undergraduates. The current study reports on a one-hour, completely online training at a US university addressing domestic and international undergraduates’ attitudes, comprehension, and strategies relevant to global communication; it analyzes participant responses to the strategies portion. According to their own ratings, participants in the treatment group (N = 534) were more likely than a control group (N = 528) to intend to use collaborative strategies with an international instructor. Positive correlations between international or multilingual background and willingness to use collaborative strategies were low, suggesting that international students may also benefit from training. Communicative strategies proposed by the students in response to open-ended questions differed for one-on-one vs. in-class communication and suggested ways of improving training to model collaborative behaviors.
Autologous Cryopreserved Adipose Tissue Using an Innovative Technique: An In Vitro Biological Characterization
Authors: Ventura Carlo , Bondioli Elena , de Vita Roy , Rigotti Gino , Morigi Federico , Scarpellini Francesca , Di Fede Francesca , Nanni-Costa Alessandro , Melandri Davide 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Utilization of autologous adipose tissue transplantation in plastic and orthopedic surgery such as breast reconstruction and intra-articular injection has become an attractive surgical treatment with satisfactory clinical outcomes. Nevertheless, repeated liposuctions necessary to harvest fatty tissue, normally performed with sedation or general anesthesia, may represent a noteworthy concern.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to demonstrate through an in vitro characterization the validity of the surgical option of cryopreserved autologous adipose tissue harvested in a single shot for repeated graft transfer in breast reconstruction without impairment of cell viability and sterility.

Methods
Adipose tissue was collected by standard liposuction from patients who needed numerous fat grafting procedures for breast reconstruction. According to an innovative and patented cryopreservation method, autologous adipose tissue was subsequently fractioned in a sterile bag system and frozen at the RER Tissue Bank of the Emilia Romagna Region. Each graft was evaluated for sterility and cell viability immediately after harvesting, and 1, 3, 6, 12, and preliminarily 18 months after cryopreservation and thawing.

Results
In vitro results showed that after processing, middle-term and long-term cryopreservation, and subsequent thawing, autologous cryopreserved adipose tissue retained absence of bacterial contamination, high cellular viability, and unmodified histomorphological properties, thereby ensuring maintenance of the stromal vascular niche and the filling properties in different multistep surgical procedures.

Conclusions
In vitro study and sterility assessment showed that autologous cryopreserved adipose tissue grafting is a safe procedure, making it possible to avoid multiple liposuction surgery. No impairment of sterility, cell viability, or morphology was observed over time.
Does the Webster’s Triangle Preservation Really Matter? A Retrospective Analysis of the Low-to-Low Osteotomies in the Head of the Inferior Turbinates
Authors: Ishida Luis C , Guedes Matheus , Alves Guilherme F F , da Fonseca Julia O , Fonesca Eduardo L , Takahashi Giulia G , Gemperli Rolf 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Osteotomies are important maneuvers in the plastic surgeon’s arsenal for the nasal dorsum treatment. However, there is a concern regarding a possible medialization of the inferior turbinate’s heads and narrowing of the internal nasal valve if the Webster’s triangle is not preserved.

Objectives
To analyze the mobilization of the inferior turbinates during primary rhinoplasty after lateral osteotomies.

Methods
This is a retrospective study in which we analyzed 37 patients who underwent very low-to-low osteotomies in our service, during primary rhinoplasties. Axial and coronal computed tomography scans were obtained, and preoperative and 6 months postoperative images were compared with Radiant DICOM Viewer software (Medixant, Poznan, Poland) in 3-dimensional multiplanar reconstruction.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between preoperative and postoperative measurements of the lower turbinate’s osseous bases, both in axial (P = .305) and coronal (P = .08) images.

Conclusions
Low-to-low osteotomies showed no medialization of the inferior turbinate’s heads or narrowing of the internal nasal valve in this study.

Level of Evidence: 4 (Therapeutic)