bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Correction to: Extranodal lymphoma arising within the maxillary alveolus: a systematic review
Authors: MacDonald David , Lim Sean 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Objectives
Extranodal lymphomas affecting the head and neck infrequently arise within the jaw bones. Although clinical examination and conventional radiography may initially suffice for such lesions arising within the mandible, those arising within the maxillary alveolus generally require cross-sectional imaging because of the complex anatomy of this region. This study was performed to determine the prevalence, demographic characteristics, and clinical presentations of these lesions and the imaging modalities used for their diagnosis.

Study design
A systematic review (SR) on case series and another SR on case reports were performed to investigate the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of extranodal lymphomas arising within the maxillary alveolus.

Results
Most case series were derived from just four nations, whereas the case reports were derived from a wider range of ethnicities. The more detailed case reports significantly reported at least one imaging modality. Most patients were aware of their lesions for nearly 2 months before presentation. The most frequent symptom was swelling. Most case reports included a provisional diagnosis, the most frequent of which was dental infection followed by squamous cell carcinoma.

Discussion
Extranodal lymphomas arising within the maxillary alveolus were sufficiently frequent in four communities to be reported in two or more case series, and the occasional single case report indicated that such lesions are more widespread globally. Although the SR on case series revealed differences in the relative period prevalence and maxillary/mandibular ratio, the SR on case reports revealed details of the clinical presentation and imaging modalities used.
Cardinal Clues Conducive to the Diagnosis of Fetal Absent Pulmonary and Aortic Valves in the First Trimester: A Case Report
Authors: Kumar Vikraman Seneesh , Balakrishnan Bijoy , Batra Meenu , Sreeja P. S. , Swapneel N. P. , Gopinathan K. K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFetal absent pulmonary valve (APV) is a rare cardiac lesion. Prenatal reports of absent aortic valve (AAV) are even scarce. Further, a combination of this lesions have never been reported in the first trimester. The objective of our case report is to describe the prenatal ultrasound features of a case of APV co-existing with AAV. Following the detection of hydrops at 12+2 gestational weeks, a first trimester echocardiographic examination revealed situs solitus, sinus rhythm, normal septo-aortic continuity, presence of Ductus arteriosus, to- and fro-blood flow across both the pulmonary and the aortic orifices, ‘a’ wave reversal in the Ductus venosus, and reversed end diastolic flow in the umbilical artery; suggesting a diagnosis of APV with AAV. The couple opted for termination of the pregnancy. This case underscores the importance of meticulous utilization of color Doppler in the first trimester, especially in the background of increased nuchal translucency or hydrops.
Alteration in CD8+ T cell subsets in enterovirus‐infected patients: An alarming factor for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zargari Samani Omid , Mahmoodnia Lila , Izad Maryam , Shirzad Hedayatollah , Jamshidian Azam , Ghatrehsamani Mahdi , Kheiri Soleiman , Sadeghian Ladan , Soltani Amin , Sarmadi Akram 
Published: January 2018

AbstractType 1 diabetes is a multi‐factorial disease that can develop due to the combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses, particularly enteroviruses, are major environmental candidates in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, even though the mechanisms of pathogenicity of these viruses and their effects on the immune system have not been understood very well yet. Previous studies show that any imbalance in the population of different lymphocyte subsets could develop autoimmune diseases. Our theory is that enteroviral infection causes an impairment in the distribution of lymphocyte subtypes and consequently results in the diabetes onset in some individuals. Therefore, in this project, we evaluated the distribution of T CD8+ lymphocytes and their subsets in type 1 diabetes patients. This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between enteroviral infection and type 1 diabetes mellitus in an Iranian population, and suggestion a predicting approach for susceptible subjects.
Effects of perineural invasion in prostate needle biopsy on tumor grade and biochemical recurrence rates after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Celik Serdar , Bozkurt Ozan , Demir Omer , Gurboga Ozgur , Tuna Burcin , Yorukoglu Kutsal , Aslan Guven 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo predict local invasive disease before retropubic radical prostatectomy (RRP), the correlation of perineural invasion (PNI) on prostate needle biopsy (PNB) and RRP pathology data and the effect of PNI on biochemical recurrence (BR) were researched. For patients with RRP performed between 2005 and 2014, predictive and pathologic prognostic factors were assessed. Initially all and D'Amico intermediate‐risk group patients were comparatively assessed in terms of being T2 or T3 stage on RRP pathology, positive or negative for PNI presence on PNB and positive or negative BR situation. Additionally the effect of PNI presence on recurrence‐free survival (RFS) rate was investigated. When all patients are investigated, multivariate analysis observed that in T3 patients PSA, PNB Gleason score (GS) and tumor percentage were significantly higher; in PNI positive patients PNB GS, core number and tumor percentage were significantly higher and in BR positive patients PNB PNI positivity and core number were significantly higher compared to T2, PNI negative and BR negative patients, separately (p < 0.05). When D'Amico intermediate‐risk patients are evaluated, for T3 patients PSA and PNB tumor percentage; for PNI positive patients PNB core number and tumor percentage; and for BR positive patients PNB PNI positivity were significantly higher compared to T2, PNI negative and BR negative patients, separately (p < 0.05). Mean RFS in the whole patient group was 56.4 ± 4.2 months for PNI positive and 96.1 ± 5.7 months for negative groups. In the intermediate‐risk group, mean RFS was 53.7 ± 5.1 months for PNI positive and 100.3 ± 7.7 months for negative groups (p < 0.001). PNI positivity on PNB was shown to be an important predictive factor for increased T3 disease and BR rates and reduced RFS.
Factors Associated with the Use of Fecal Microbiota Transplant in Patients with Recurrent Clostridium difficile Infections
Authors: Jamot Sehrish , Raghunathan Vikram , Patel Kavin , Kelly Colleen R. , Lim Seah H. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVETo identify the factors associated with first Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) that predict fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for recurrent CDIDESIGNWe carried out a retrospective single-center cohort study to compare the clinical characteristics of 200 patients who underwent FMT for recurrent CDI to 75 patients who did not.SETTINGA single academic hospital in the United StatesPATIENTSAdult patientsRESULTSThe time from first to second CDI correlated to subsequent FMT use. Concomitant inflammatory bowel disease (IBD; P=.002), use of immunosuppressive therapy (P=.04), and use of metronidazole within 2 months before the first CDI (P=.02) correlated positively to subsequent FMT in univariate analysis. The use of oral vancomycin for first CDI was more common in those who required FMT than those who did not in univariate (P=.02) and multivariate (P=.03) analyses. In contrast, intravenous vancomycin use within 2 months before the first CDI reduced the risk for FMT in univariate P=.000003) and multivariate (P=.0001) analyses. Black patients with recurrent CDI were less likely to receive FMT than white patients (P=.00005). Patients who received FMT were also less likely to have comorbidities.CONCLUSIONSThis study provides important insights into the factors predictive for FMT in patients with recurrent CDI and highlights the potential racial and medical characteristics that affect the access of the patients to FMT.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:302–306
Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among children from primary schools in urban areas of Lomé, Togo
Authors: Sagbo Herbert , Ekouevi Didier Koumavi , Ranjandriarison Dorland Tafitarilova , Niangoran Serge , Bakai Tchaa Abalo , Afanvi Agbelenko , Dieudonné Sewu , Kassankogno Yao , Vanhems Philippe , Khanafer Nagham 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjectiveOverweight and obesity in childhood are serious public health issues, both in developing and developed countries. The present study aimed to ascertain overweight and obesity prevalence rates among Togolese schoolchildren in Lomé, Togo, and their correlation with physical activity, socio-economic conditions and eating habits.DesignCross-sectional survey conducted in December 2015. Overweight and obesity were defined using age- and sex-specific BMI cut-off points of the International Obesity Task Force. Physical activity, socio-economic conditions and eating habits were assessed with a standardized questionnaire. Specially trained medical students interviewed children and collected the data. After bivariate regression analyses, factors associated with overweight/obesity were identified by multivariate logistic regression. Statistical significance was two-sided P<0·05.SettingLomé, Togo.SubjectsRepresentative sample of 634 children (288 boys, 346 girls), aged 8–17 years, who were studying in primary schools.ResultsOverweight and obesity respectively affected 5·2 and 1·9 % of children surveyed. Watching television (>4 h) on weekends (OR; 95 % CI: 3·8; 1·2, 12·0, P=0·02) and medium dietary diversity score (3·0; 1·1, 8·1, P=0·03) were independently associated with overweight/obesity in a multivariate regression model. Eating breakfast in the school cafeteria (0·2; 0·1, 0·8, P=0·03) and eating fruits (0·4; 0·1, 0·9, P=0·03) significantly reduced the risk of overweight/obesity.ConclusionsOverweight and obesity prevalence were linked with sedentary behaviour and non-optimal food diversity. Promoting physical activity and fruit consumption should be explored as interventions to reduce and prevent overweight and obesity in Lomé schoolchildren. In addition, preventive approaches in the social environment of children should be considered.
Determining Direction of Axonal Flow in the Equine Ramus Communicans by Ultrastructural Examination of the Plantar Nerves 2 Months after Transecting the Ramus
Authors: Al-Bagdadi Fakhri , Schumacher Jim , Carter Jessi , Tóth Ferenc , Henry Robert W. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe ramus communicans, neural connection between medial and lateral plantar nerves of the horse, was transected to determine the degree to which medial and lateral plantar nerves contribute to the plantar ramus. After 2 months, sections of plantar nerves immediately proximal and distal to the communicating branch were collected and processed for electron microscopy. All examined nerves had undergone Wallerian degeneration and contained regenerating and mature fibers. Layers of the myelin sheath were separated by spaces and vacuoles, indicating demyelination of medial and lateral plantar nerves. Shrunken axons varied in diameter and were surrounded by an irregular axolemma. Shrunken axoplasm of both myelinated and non-myelinated fibers contained ruptured mitochondria and cristae, disintegrating cytoskeleton, and vacuoles of various sizes. The cytoplasm of neurolemmocytes contained various-sized vesicles, ruptured mitochondria within a fragile basal lamina and myelin whorls of multilayered structures indicative of Wallerian degeneration. These ultrastructural changes, found proximal and distal to the ramus in medial and lateral plantar nerves, suggest that axonal flow is bi-directional through the ramus communicans of the pelvic limbs of horses, a previously unreported finding. As well, maturity of nerves proximal and distal to the ramus indicates that all nerve fibers do not pass through the ramus.
Single-cell replication profiling to measure stochastic variation in mammalian replication timing
Authors: Dileep Vishnu , Gilbert David M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMammalian DNA replication is regulated via multi-replicon segments that replicate in a defined temporal order during S-phase. Further, early/late replication of RDs corresponds to active/inactive chromatin interaction compartments. Although replication origins are selected stochastically, variation in replication timing is poorly understood. Here we devise a strategy to measure variation in replication timing using DNA copy number in single mouse embryonic stem cells. We find that borders between replicated and unreplicated DNA are highly conserved between cells, demarcating active and inactive compartments of the nucleus. Fifty percent of replication events deviated from their average replication time by ± 15% of S phase. This degree of variation is similar between cells, between homologs within cells and between all domains genomewide, regardless of their replication timing. These results demonstrate that stochastic variation in replication timing is independent of elements that dictate timing or extrinsic environmental variation.
The relationship between meeting of recommendations on physical activity for health and perceived work ability among white‐collar workers
Authors: Nawrocka Agnieszka , Garbaciak Wiesław , Cholewa Jarosław , Mynarski Władysław 
Published: January 2018

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between meeting recommendations on physical activity for health in leisure‐time and the ability to work among Polish white‐collar workers. Methods: The study used a cross‐sectional design with a convenience sample of 360 white‐collar workers. Participants recorded 7‐day physical activity logs, including form, duration and intensity of leisure‐time physical activities. The results were compared to health recommendations. A standardized Work Ability Index (WAI) questionnaire was used in assessing the ability to work. Results: Participants who met health recommendations achieved higher scores of the WAI (mean score = 41.93) in comparison to those who were not sufficiently physically active (mean score = 39.35) (p < .001). The results of binary logistic regression show that meeting health‐related physical activity recommendations almost double the odds of reaching at least good work ability (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.12–3.36). Conclusions: Meeting leisure‐time physical activity recommendations (especially the criterion of vigorous physical activity) is significantly related to higher self‐assessed ability to work among white‐collar workers.
Sodium bicarbonate ingestion increases glycolytic contribution and improves performance during simulated taekwondo combat
Authors: Lopes‐Silva João Paulo , Da Silva Santos Jonatas Ferreira , Artioli Guilherme Giannini , Loturco Irineu , Abbiss Chris , Franchini Emerson 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPurpose: To investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on performance and estimated energy system contribution during simulated taekwondo combat. Methods: Nine taekwondo athletes completed two experimental sessions separated by at least 48 h. Athletes consumed 300 mg/kg body mass of NaHCO3 or placebo (CaCO3) 90 min before the combat simulation (three rounds of 2 min separated by 1 min passive recovery), in a double‐blind, randomized, repeated‐measures crossover design. All simulated combat was filmed to quantify the time spent fighting in each round. Lactate concentration [La−] and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured before and after each round, whereas heart rate (HR) and the estimated contribution of the oxidative (WOXI), ATP (adenosine triphosphate)‐phosphocreatine (PCr) (WPCR), and glycolytic systems were calculated during the combat simulation. Results: [La−] increased significantly after NaHCO3 ingestion, when compared with the placebo condition (+14%, P = 0.04, d = 3.70). NaHCO3 ingestion resulted in greater estimated glycolytic energy contribution in the first round when compared with the placebo condition (+31%, P = 0.01, d = 3.48). Total attack time was significantly greater after NaHCO3 when compared with placebo (+13%, P = 0.05, d = 1.15). WOXI, WPCR, VO2, HR and RPE were not different between conditions (P > 0.05). Conclusion: NaHCO3 ingestion was able to increase the contribution of glycolytic metabolism and, therefore, improve performance during simulated taekwondo combat.
Giardia secretome highlights secreted tenascins as a key component of pathogenesis
Authors: Dubourg Audrey , Xia Dong , Winpenny John P , Al Naimi Suha , Bouzid Maha , Sexton Darren W , Wastling Jonathan M , Hunter Paul R , Tyler Kevin M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Giardia is a protozoan parasite of public health relevance that causes gastroenteritis in a wide range of hosts. Two genetically distinct lineages (assemblages A and B) are responsible for the human disease. Although it is clear that differences in virulence occur, the pathogenesis and virulence of Giardia remain poorly understood.

Results
The genome of Giardia is believed to contain open reading frames that could encode as many as 6000 proteins. By successfully applying quantitative proteomic analyses to the whole parasite and to the supernatants derived from parasite culture of assemblages A and B, we confirm expression of ~1600 proteins from each assemblage, the vast majority of which are common to both lineages. To look for signature enrichment of secreted proteins, we considered the ratio of proteins in the supernatant compared with the pellet, which defined a small group of enriched proteins, putatively secreted at a steady state by cultured growing trophozoites of both assemblages. This secretome is enriched with proteins annotated to have N-terminal signal peptide. The most abundant secreted proteins include known virulence factors such as cathepsin B cysteine proteases and members of a Giardia superfamily of cysteine-rich proteins that comprise variant surface proteins, high-cysteine membrane proteins, and a new class of virulence factors, the Giardia tenascins. We demonstrate that physiological function of human enteric epithelial cells is disrupted by such soluble factors even in the absence of the trophozoites.

Conclusions
We are able to propose a straightforward model of Giardia pathogenesis incorporating key roles for the major Giardia-derived soluble mediators.
Non-B-Form DNA Is Enriched at Centromeres
Authors: Kasinathan Sivakanthan , Henikoff Steven 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAnimal and plant centromeres are embedded in repetitive “satellite” DNA, but are thought to be epigenetically specified. To define genetic characteristics of centromeres, we surveyed satellite DNA from diverse eukaryotes and identified variation in <10-bp dyad symmetries predicted to adopt non-B-form conformations. Organisms lacking centromeric dyad symmetries had binding sites for sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins with DNA-bending activity. For example, human and mouse centromeres are depleted for dyad symmetries, but are enriched for non-B-form DNA and are associated with binding sites for the conserved DNA-binding protein CENP-B, which is required for artificial centromere function but is paradoxically nonessential. We also detected dyad symmetries and predicted non-B-form DNA structures at neocentromeres, which form at ectopic loci. We propose that centromeres form at non-B-form DNA because of dyad symmetries or are strengthened by sequence-specific DNA binding proteins. This may resolve the CENP-B paradox and provide a general basis for centromere specification.
Evaluation of Stereotactic Radiotherapy of the Resection Cavity After Surgery of Brain Metastases Compared to Postoperative Whole-Brain Radiotherapy (ESTRON)—A Single-Center Prospective Randomized Trial
Authors: El Shafie Rami A , Paul Angela , Bernhardt Denise , Hauswald Henrik , Welzel Thomas , Sprave Tanja , Hommertgen Adriane , Krisam Johannes , Schmitt Daniela , Klüter Sebastian , Schubert Kai , Klose Christina , Kieser Meinhard , Debus Jürgen , Rieken Stefan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Neurosurgical resection is recommended for symptomatic brain metastases, in oligometastatic patients or for histology acquisition. Without adjuvant radiotherapy, roughly two-thirds of the patients relapse at the resection site within 24 mo, while the risk of new metastases in the untreated brain is around 50%. Adjuvant whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) can reduce the risk of both scenarios of recurrence significantly, although the associated neurocognitive toxicity is substantial, while stereotactic radiotherapy (SRT) improves local control at comparably low toxicity.

OBJECTIVE
To compare locoregional control and treatment-associated toxicity for postoperative SRT and WBRT after the resection of 1 brain metastasis in a single-center prospective randomized study.

METHODS
Fifty patients will be randomized to receive either hypofractionated SRT of the resection cavity and single- or multisession SRT of all unresected brain metastases (up to 10 lesions) or WBRT. Patients will be followed-up regularly and the primary endpoint of neurological progression-free survival will be assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Quality of life and neurocognition will be assessed in 3-mo intervals using standardized tests and EORTC questionnaires.

EXPECTED OUTCOMES
We expect to show that postoperative SRT of the resection cavity and further unresected brain metastases is a valid means of improving locoregional control over observation at less neurocognitive toxicity than caused by WBRT.

DISCUSSION
The present study is the first to compare locoregional control as well as neurocognitive toxicity for postoperative SRT and WBRT in patients with up to 10 metastases, while utilizing a highly sensitive and standardized MRI protocol for treatment planning and follow-up.