bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Imagining future events in patients with unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Lechowicz Meryn , Miller Laurie , Irish Muireann , Addis Donna Rose , Mohamed Armin , Lah Suncica 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesImagining future events, which contain episodic and non‐episodic details, has been found to (1) engage the temporal lobes bilaterally and (2) be impaired in patients with bilateral temporal lobe pathology. Here, we examined whether unilateral temporal lobe dysfunction also impairs the ability to generate future events.DesignProspective cross‐sectional.MethodsTwenty patients with a history of unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy [TLE; 10 left (LTLE) and 10 right (RTLE)] and 20 normal control (NC) subjects comparable on age, sex and education completed the Adapted Autobiographical Interview, which required recall of past and generation of future events and distinguished episodic (internal) from non‐episodic (external) details. Participants also completed a battery of neuropsychological tests.ResultsPatients with unilateral TLE were significantly impaired in provision of internal details for past and future events, but not in the generation of external details. Examination of detail subcategories revealed that patients with LTLE did exhibit a significant deficit relative to patients with RTLE (and NC) with respect to the generation of perceptual details for both past and future events. Moreover, patients with LTLE generated significantly fewer place details for future events (relative to NC only). The overall number of internal details recalled by patients with LTLE was related to semantic fluency.ConclusionsOur study provides the first evidence that unilateral temporal lobe dysfunction is associated with not only impaired recall of past, but also the generation of future episodic details. Clinically, deficits in future thinking may reduce motivation and decision‐making, and as such adversely impact behavioural regulation and socialization.Practitioner points

Patients with temporal lobe epilepsy generate less details when asked to describe past and potential future events, particularly with regard to details involving specific events, places and perceptions.

These same patients are aware of their difficulties in this realm, but judge their past memories as similar in vividness and even more personally significant than the memories generated by control participants.

The deficits in generation of future episodic details were particularly pronounced in patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy.

Verbal semantic fluency was correlated with the ability to generate future scenarios.
The brain renin‐angiotensin system plays a crucial role in regulating body weight in diet‐induced obesity in rats
Authors: Winkler Martina , Schuchard Johanna , Stölting Ines , Vogt Florian M , Barkhausen Jörg , Thorns Christoph , Bader Michael , Raasch Walter 
Published: February 2016

Background and PurposeReduced weight gain after treatment with AT1 receptor antagonists may involve a brain‐related mechanism. Here, we investigated the role of the brain renin‐angiotensin system on weight regulation and food behaviour, with or without additional treatment with telmisartan.MethodsTransgenic rats with a brain‐specific deficiency in angiotensinogen (TGR(ASrAOGEN)) and the corresponding wild‐type, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed (3 months) with a high‐calorie cafeteria diet (CD) or standard chow. SD and TGR(ASrAOGEN) rats on the CD diet were also treated with telmisartan (8 mg·kg−1·d−1, 3 months).ResultsCompared with SD rats, TGR(ASrAOGEN) rats (i) had lower weights during chow feeding, (ii) did not become obese during CD feeding, (iii) had normal baseline leptin plasma concentrations independent of the feeding regimen, whereas plasma leptin of SD rats was increased due to CD, (iv) showed a reduced energy intake, (v) had a higher, strain‐dependent energy expenditure, which is additionally enhanced during CD feeding, (vi) had enhanced mRNA levels of pro‐opiomelanocortin and (vii) showed improved glucose control. Weight gain and energy intake in rats fed the CD diet were markedly reduced by telmisartan in SD rats but only to a minor extent in TGR(ASrAOGEN) rats.ConclusionsThe brain renin‐angiotensin system affects body weight regulation, feeding behaviour and metabolic disorders. When angiotensin II levels are low in brain, rats are protected from developing diet‐induced obesity and obesity‐related metabolic impairments. We further suggest that telmisartan at least partly lowers body weight via a CNS‐driven mechanism.
Intranasal exposure to monoclonal antibody Fab fragments to Japanese cedar pollen Cry j1 suppresses Japanese cedar pollen‐induced allergic rhinitis
Authors: Yoshino S , Mizutani N 
Published: February 2016

Background and PurposeFab fragments (Fabs) of antibodies have the ability to bind to specific allergens but lack the Fc portion that exerts effector functions via binding to receptors including FcεR1 on mast cells. In the present study, we investigated whether intranasal administration of the effector function‐lacking Fabs of a monoclonal antibody IgG1 (mAb, P1‐8) to the major allergen Cry j1 of Japanese cedar pollen (JCP) suppressed JCP‐induced allergic rhinitis in mice.Experimental ApproachBalb/c mice sensitized with JCP on days 0 and 14 were challenged intranasally with the pollen on days 28, 29, 30 and 35. Fabs prepared by the digestion of P1‐8 with papain were also administered intranasally 15 min before each JCP challenge.Key ResultsIntranasal administration of P1‐8 Fabs was followed by marked suppression of sneezing and nasal rubbing in mice with JCP‐induced allergic rhinitis. The suppression of these allergic symptoms by P1‐8 Fabs was associated with decreases in mast cells and eosinophils and decreased hyperplasia of goblet cells in the nasal mucosa.Conclusions and ImplicationsThese results demonstrated that intranasal exposure to P1‐8 Fabs was effective in suppressing JCP‐induced allergic rhinitis in mice, suggesting that allergen‐specific mAb Fabs might be used as a tool to regulate allergic pollinosis.
A review of approaches for dental practice teams for promoting oral health
Authors: Kay Elizabeth , Vascott Donna , Hocking Allice , Nield Helen , Dorr Charles , Barrett Helen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo determine the circumstances in which oral health promotion (OHP) in General Dental Practice is at its most effective, a systematic review was conducted to identify, critically appraise and synthesize the available evidence. The research question was: Is oral health promotion within dental practice effective and how can its effects be optimized? Systematic searches of 20 online resources (including Ovid Medline and Embase) were conducted. A call for evidence was also issued, and citation lists of other relevant systematic reviews were included. All studies published since 1994 which were set in the context of general dental practice and investigated promoting good oral health in adult or child patients were considered. 44 studies reported in 52 papers were included in the review. The evidence was heterogeneous and the quality of reporting was variable. Results showed that oral health promotion based on behavioural and psychological models was effective for improving oral health. Verbal advice affected knowledge and reported behaviour, written advice promoted oral health knowledge. There was moderate evidence that the attributes of the ‘sender’ of an oral health promotion message influenced its effectiveness. Many barriers and facilitators were shown to influence the effectiveness of OHP in dental practice. The results of this review suggest that the psychology of behaviour change is the key to oral health promotion and greater emphasis on teaching oral health professionals about health psychology would make oral health promotion in the dental surgery more effective.
Nutritional follow‐up of patients after obesity surgery: best practice
Authors: O'Kane Mary , Barth Julian H. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObesity surgery is an appropriate treatment option for patients with severe and complex obesity and helps in the improvement of comorbidities. In the first 2 years following surgery, follow‐up is provided by the obesity surgery centre. Ongoing care is then usually returned to the general practitioner. Patients need access to ongoing support and monitoring otherwise may be at risk of developing nutritional deficiencies such as anaemia or protein malnutrition. The British Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society have developed guidelines on nutritional monitoring and nutritional supplements to support both bariatric centres and general practitioners. The Royal College of General Practitioners and BOMSS have worked collaboratively to develop Ten Top Tips for the management of obesity surgery patients to aid with the long‐term management in primary care. Women, planning to get pregnant, need access to preconception advice and additional monitoring during pregnancy. It is essential that long‐term data are collected and inputted into the National Bariatric Surgery Register. Obesity surgery improves comorbidities; however, patients must have access to long‐term nutritional monitoring.
Determinants of macroscopic anal cancer and precancerous lesions in 1206 HIV‐infected screened patients
Authors: Abramowitz L. , Benabderrahmane D. , Walker F. , Yazdapanah Y. , Yéni P. , Rioux C. , Bouscarat F. , Lafferre E. , Mentré F. , Duval X. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimAnal screening is recommended in HIV‐positive patients, especially men who have sex with men (MSM), due to an increased incidence of anal cancer. The optimal screening methods are not generally agreed.MethodScreening for anal lesions by anorectal examination, including anoscopy, was offered to HIV‐positive outpatients in a tertiary care university hospital regardless of gender or sexual orientation.ResultsAmong the 1206 screened patients (701 MSM, 247 heterosexual men, 258 women), 311 (26%) had histologically proven lesions related to human papilloma virus (HPV) (34% MSM, 14% heterosexual men, 14% women); 123 (10%) had low‐grade dysplasia and 70 (6%) high‐grade dysplasia. Seven anal cancers were also diagnosed. Determinants of any lesion were age < 45 years [OR = 1.56 (95% CI, 1.16–2.11)], a CD4 count of < 200/mm3 [OR = 2.54 (1.71–3.78)], receptive anal intercourse [OR =3.03 (2.06–4.47)], sub‐Saharan African origin [OR = 0.53 (0.33–0.85)], and history of HPV‐related lesion [OR = 1.84 (1.35–2.51)]. These determinants were similar for all different grades of dysplasia. In patient subgroup analysis, receptive anal intercourse, the CD4 cell count and a history of HPV lesions were determinants of HPV‐positivity in all patients, whereas age was only a determinant in men.ConclusionAnoscopy is an alternative method for anal screening in an HIV‐positive population. This screening has to be compared with other tools in populations at high risk of anal cancer.
Longitudinal analysis of the neurological features of ataxia‐telangiectasia
Authors: Jackson Thomas J , Chow Gabriel , Suri Mohnish , Byrd Philip , Taylor Malcolm R , Whitehouse William P 
Published: February 2016

AimTo assess the relationship between genotype and neurological progression in ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T).MethodsClinical and laboratory data were extracted retrospectively from the records of patients attending the UK National Ataxia‐Telangiectasia Clinic. Neurological assessments were performed using the A‐T Index (Crawford Score) and the A‐T Neurological Examination Scale Toolkit (A‐T NEST). Variables influencing phenotype were identified by using an information‐theoretic approach starting from a maximal model to generate estimates of coefficients for each variable. Per‐individual progression was assessed for patients with three or more clinic attendances.ResultsThe genotype could be determined for 125/135 patients. Crawford and A‐T NEST scores were well correlated. For both scoring systems the estimated coefficients were significantly positive for Age x kinase activity but not Age x protein expression. Unlike the per–genotype analysis, the individual progression of neurological scores in the 34 patients that attended on three or more occasions was not smooth and linear (and in some cases improved over time).InterpretationResidual kinase activity confers a milder phenotype but there is no difference between kinase‐dead and protein‐null genotypes. The non‐linear progression of individual patients’ neurological scores may reflect biological complexity, day‐to‐day variability, limitations of the assessment methods or a combination of all three.
Prevalence and Factors Associated with Subclinical Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction Evaluated by Mid‐Wall Mechanics in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Cioffi Giovanni , Viapiana Ombretta , Ognibeni Federica , Fracassi Elena , Giollo Alessandro , Adami Silvano , Gatti Davide , Mazzone Carmine , Faganello Giorgio , Lenarda Andrea Di , Rossini Maurizio 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased cardiovascular event rate, mainly due to the arterial stiffness which leads to coronary atherosclerosis and concentric left ventricular (LV) geometry. These conditions predispose to LV systolic dysfunction (LVSD), which can be detected by stress‐corrected mid‐wall shortening (sc‐MS), an early prognosticator of cardiovascular events in asymptomatic patients with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes. In these subjects, sc‐MS is frequently impaired even though LV ejection fraction (LVEF) is preserved. In this study, we analyzed the prevalence and the factors associated with asymptomatic LVSD measured by sc‐MS among patients with RA and verified whether RA per se was independently related to LVSD.MethodsWe prospectively recruited 198 outpatients with RA without overt cardiac disease between January and June 2014 and compared them to 198 controls matched for age, gender, body mass index, and prevalence of hypertension and diabetes. sc‐MS was taken as index of LVSD and considered impaired if <86.5%.ResultsImpaired sc‐MS was detected in 110 (56%) RA patients and in 30 (15%) controls (P < 0.001), whereas LVEF was impaired (value <50%) in six (3%) RA patients and in two (1%) controls (P = ns). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that RA was independently associated with impaired sc‐MS (Exp β 2.01 [CI 1.12–3.80], P = 0.02) together with increased LV mass and concentric geometry.ConclusionsMore than half RA patients without overt cardiac disease have LVSD detectable by sc‐MS. RA emerges as a condition closely related to LVSD. These findings might explain the high risk for adverse cardiovascular events in RA patients.
Intramyocardial Dissecting Hematoma after Acute Myocardial Infarction—Echocardiographic Features and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Zhao Ying , He Yi hua , Liu Wen xu , Sun Lin , Han Jian cheng , Man Ting ting , Gu Xiao yan , Chen Zhuo , Wen Zhao ying , Henein Michael Y 
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesIntramyocardial dissecting hematoma (IDH) after acute myocardial infarction (MI) is a rare form of subacute cardiac rupture and hence management uncertainties. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical course of a small series of IDH patients and to review the available evidence for managing similar cases.MethodsEight IDH patients from our center had echocardiographic, coronary angiographic and clinical outcome data reviewed. PubMed was also searched for IDH following MI. Cases were divided into three groups and compared according to the dissection location.ResultsIn our 8 patients, 3 had septal, 1 right ventricular (RV), and 4 left ventricular (LV) dissection. Five were medically treated and 3 surgically repaired. Reviewing the literature revealed 68 IDH patients, of mean age 66 ± 10 years, 43 males. The percentage of IDH involving the LV free wall, septal, and RV free wall were 47%, 26.5%, and 26.5%, respectively. In the cohort as a whole, mortality was not different between surgically and medically treated patients (33.3% vs. 54.3%, P = 0.08), neither based on the IDH location (P = 0.49). While surgical and medical treatment of the LV free wall (20.0% vs. 40.9%, P = 0.25) and septal (46.2% vs. 60.0%, P = 0.60) were not different, surgical repair of RV free wall had significantly better survival (30.0% vs. 87.5%, P = 0.015). The LVEF (P = 0.82), mitral regurgitation (P = 0.49) failed to predict mortality.ConclusionWhile survival following medical and surgical treatment of LV IDH is not different, patients with RV free wall dissection benefit significantly from surgical repair.
Anti‐angiogenic therapy (bevacizumab) in the management of oral lichen planus
Authors: Mahmoud Maha M. , Afifi Marwa M. 
Published: February 2016

Oral lichen planus (OLP), a mucocutaneous chronic inflammatory disease, is conventionally managed using topical corticosteroid therapy. Given the fact that OLP is strongly linked to angiogenesis, anti‐angiogenic drugs, such as bevacizumab, might be introduced as an alternative treatment for contraindicated, non‐responsive patients. The aim of the present study was to report the short‐term effectiveness and safety of intralesional bevacizumab injection in the management of atrophic/erosive OLP. A case series study was conducted in patients with atrophic/erosive OLP in the buccal mucosa, assigned to receive either 2.5 mg of bevacizumab, by intralesional injection (n = 20, test), or topical 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide ointment (n = 20, control). The size, score, and pain intensity of the lesions were assessed pre‐ and post‐treatment. Tissue biopsies were collected for histopathologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural examination. After 1 wk, the test group had significant reductions both in lesion seize and in pain scores compared with controls. A marked decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin‐8 immunoexpression was noted in tissue biopsies from bevacizumab‐treated lesions compared with control lesions. Furthermore, ultrastructural examination of OLP tissue specimens revealed significant healing signs associated with bevacizumab treatment. Short‐term data suggest that intralesional bevacizumab injection effectively and safely achieved resolution of atrophic/erosive OLP lesions without disease exacerbations during a 3‐month follow‐up period.
Proximity to Natural Amenities: A Seemingly Unrelated Hedonic Regression Model with Spatial Durbin and Spatial Error Processes
Authors: Izón Germán M. , Hand Michael S. , Mccollum Daniel W. , Thacher Jennifer A. , Berrens Robert P. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe existing literature suggests that the presence of natural amenities, such as open spaces, can be highly valued and affect economic decisions about where people live and work. This article contributes to previous research by testing this hypothesis using a unique micro‐level data set and by examining spatial variations in income levels and housing prices in the presence of natural amenities in a case study of Arizona. Proximity effects are estimated based on a geographic information system road network in which each variable represents the road mile distance from house i to its closest natural amenity within each category. Using a seemingly unrelated regression approach, spatial hedonic regressions of housing prices and income levels indicate that the total effect of various natural amenities calculated for the sample average income household and average home value, ranges from $2,382 (National Forests) to $1,560 (Wilderness areas). The presence of compensating differentials has policy relevance in considering the regional value of natural amenities. It also implies that valuation approaches such as the travel cost method may not reflect the full price of recreation site access, and may lead to underestimates of such values.
Headache as an Aura of Epilepsy: Video‐EEG Monitoring Study
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Sunwoo Jun‐Sang , Lee Sang Kun 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundHeadache can be associated with epilepsy as a pre‐ictal, ictal, or post‐ictal phenomenon; however, studies of patients with headache as an epileptic aura are scarce. We performed the present study to investigate the incidence and characteristics of headache as an epileptic aura, via confirmation of electroencephalography (EEG) changes by video‐EEG monitoring.MethodsData of aura and clinical seizure episodes of 831 consecutive patients who undertook video‐EEG monitoring were analyzed retrospectively. For patients who had headache as an aura, information on the detailed features of headache was acquired, including location, nature, duration, and the presence of accompanying symptoms. Video‐recorded clinical seizures, EEG findings, and neuroimaging data were used to determine the ictal onset areas in the patients.ResultsSix out of 831 (0.7%) patients experienced headache as aura (age range, 25–52 years), all of whom had partial seizures. The incidence of pre‐ictal headache was 6.3% (25/831), and post‐ictal headache was 30.9% (257/831). In patients with headache as aura, five patients described headache as the most frequent aura, and headache was the second most frequent aura in one patient. The characteristics of headache were hemicrania epileptica in two patients, tension‐type headache in another two patients, and migraine‐like headache in the remaining two patients. No patient met the diagnostic criteria of ictal epileptic headache or migraine aura‐triggered seizure.ConclusionOur study showed that headache as an aura is uncommon in adult patients with epilepsy, and that headache can present as diverse features, including hemicrania epileptica, tension‐type headache, and migraine‐like headache. Further studies are necessary to characterize the features of headache as an epileptic aura in adult patients with epilepsy.
Modified radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Nouso Kazuhiro , Oonishi Ayano , Wakuta Akiko , Kariyama Kazuya 
Published: February 2016

AimRadiofrequency ablation is commonly used for the treatment of early hepatocellular carcinoma. However, it requires time to ablate sufficient areas, resulting in increased burden for the patients and operators. We introduce a novel and simple method to overcome this problem.MethodsWe placed the grounding pad on the back (Back group) instead of the thigh of the patient (Thigh group). To assess the effect of this method, we randomly assigned the patients into two groups, based on the location of the grounding pad, and compared the outcomes.ResultsThe ablation time until two roll‐offs was shorter in the Back group than in the Thigh group (median, 2.5 min vs 3.4 min; P = 0.01). The ablated area was larger in the Back group than that in the Thigh group (P = 0.01) and pain was less in the Back group (P = 0.02). No severe side‐effects were observed in either group.ConclusionThis new method is useful in that it achieved shorter ablation times, expansion of the ablated areas, and reduction of pain during the ablation.