bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kids are not just small adults: An attempt to validate pediatric tablet‐based digits in noise testing
Authors: Dunlap Allyson , McBride Morgan , Tuominen Alison , Roby Brianne , Redmann Andrew , Meyer Abby , Herd Hannah , Meyer Cassandra , Chinnadurai Sivakumar , Finch Michael , Jayawardena Asitha D. L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study is to investigate whether conductive hearing loss (CHL) can be differentiated from sensorineural hearing loss in children ages 3–18 using a diotic and antiphasic digits‐in‐noise (DIN) tablet‐based test using existing adult cut‐off criteria.MethodsA blinded multi‐institutional prospective cohort of 64 children aged 3–18 scheduled for an audiometric soundbooth evaluation with a pediatric audiologist and a same‐day otolaryngologist examination were recruited for the study. Following a conventional audiogram, the subjects underwent diotic (same‐phased stimuli) and antiphasic (out‐of‐phase stimuli) DIN testing on a HearX Samsung Galaxy tablet with over‐the‐ear headphones, for a total of 128 measurements. DIN test results were compared with soundbooth audiometry using known adult “cut off criteria.”ResultsA logistic regression analysis adjusted for demographics (age, sex) and race was performed to compare CHL determination from DIN testing to CHL determination with soundbooth audiometry. The results showed 50% agreement with a p‐value of .753. The determinations based on combined DIN testing agreed with each other 33% of the time and had a p‐value of .373. Otologic pathology and age were not predictive of outcome.ConclusionThis preliminary analysis of DIN testing indicated that DIN and audiometric testing completed in a soundbooth were not significantly predictive of one another in the population of children aged 3–18 when using the adult cut‐off criteria for CHL differentiation. Given these findings, further testing is required in children to determine pediatric specific cut‐off values.
A MAUDE database analysis on the new generation of active bone conduction hearing implants
Authors: Lein Alexander , Baumgartner Wolf‐Dieter , Landegger Lukas D. , Riss Dominik , Thurner Thomas , Liu David T. , Kosec Andro , Vyskocil Erich , Brkic Faris F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze medical device reports (MDR) submitted to the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) Manufacturer and User Device Facility Experience (MAUDE) database to identify adverse events (AEs) in patients implanted with novel active bone conduction hearing implants (BCIs).MethodsWe conducted a search of the FDA MAUDE database on the newest generation of BCIs. Data were collected concerning device malfunctions, patient injuries, factors triggering these incidents, and the subsequent actions taken.ResultsIn total, 93 (16.7%) device malfunctions and 465 (83.3%) patient injuries with 358 subsequent interventions were identified, resulting in 558 AEs. Although the absolute AE number per device cannot be identified, the following trends were detected: Among the 494 AEs associated with OSI200, 55 (11.1%) reported device malfunctions and 454 (88.9%) cited patient injuries. Out of the 64 AEs linked to BCI602, 28 (59.4%) were associated with malfunctions, whereas 26 (40.6%) involved patient injuries. The most frequently reported particular AEs for the OSI200 were infection (n = 171, 34.6%), extrusion of the device (n = 107, 21.7%), and pain (n = 51, 10.3%). Conversely, no device output (n = 20, 31.3%) and loss of osseointegration (n = 7, 10.9%) were the most reported AEs for the BCI602. Various AEs led to 214 explanations and 77 revision surgeries. Sixty‐seven AEs reported conservative treatment.ConclusionThe current study provides an overview of the most commonly reported complications with new active BCIs. Although providing an overview, given the limitations of the FDA MAUDE database, our results have to be interpreted with caution.Level of Evidence4.
Extreme plasticity in the photosystem composition of a low‐light Prochlorococcus ecotype in response to iron and light
Authors: Zhang Xin , Sunda William G. , Hong Haizheng , Shi Dalin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLight affects the cellular iron (Fe) requirement of phytoplankton because of its presence in major photosynthetic proteins. Thus, interactions between variable Fe concentrations and light intensities could restrict photosynthetic carbon fixation in the ocean. Here we show a narrowing of the optimal light range for growth of a marine cyanobacterium, Prochlorococcus strain NATL1A, a member of LLI ecotype, under Fe limitation. The response of the cells to variations in Fe and light involved differential changes in the cellular content of low‐Fe photosystem II (PSII) and Fe‐rich photosystem I (PSI), and associated up to 23‐fold changes in PSII : PSI ratios, showing an unprecedented extreme plasticity of the photosynthetic apparatus. Our study demonstrated the physiological effects of Fe and light interactions on this low‐light‐adapted Prochlorococcus strain, and increases our understanding of the reasons for the wide distribution of this and possibly other Prochlorococcus strains in the ocean.
Synergistic Mechanoluminescence and Mechanochromism Via Triboelectrification‐Induced Eu3+/Eu2+ Redox Shuttle
Authors: Du Rong‐Kai , He Xu‐Lin , Xiao Tai‐Zhong , Xiang Yue‐Fei , Zhong Lei , Zhou Lei , Zhang Jun‐Cheng , Yao De‐Qiang , Sun Tian‐Ying , Wu Ming‐Mei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMaterials capable of simultaneously achieving both mechanoluminescence (ML) and luminescent mechanochromism (L‐MC) hold great promise in smart stimuli‐responsive applications. However, single‐phase and single‐doped inorganic ML materials with pronounced L‐MC behavior are exceptionally rare because of their single luminescent center. This study investigates a unique L‐MC phenomenon in a series of novel triboelectrification‐induced ML materials, Sr5(PO4)3X:Eu3+ (X = F, Cl, Br). These materials exhibit the in situ ionic valence state transition and excitation behaviors of the Eu3+‐Eu2+ ion pair by utilizing the inherent properties of triboelectrification and cause significant differences in the emission spectra during the photoluminescence and ML process. The redox reactions of Eu ions in the ML process are influenced by the synergistic action of the Eu3+‐Eu2+ redox shuttle (suitable redox potential), triboelectrification (driving force), and Sr ion vacancies (catalysts). Hence, this study presents direct experimental evidence for the underlying mechanism of ML and advances the development and applications of triboelectrification‐induced ML materials.
Heterogeneous Catalysts Catalyzed Photo‐Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (Photo‐ATRP)
Authors: Chen Guanying , Guo Xiaoyu , Hu Bo , Lei Lin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPhoto‐ATRP technique has garnered significant attention due to its multitude of advantages, including its ability to be conducted under mild reaction conditions, user‐friendly nature, and exceptional efficiency in polymerization. The heterogeneous photocatalysts not only exhibit exceptional quantum efficiency, but also possess a versatile bandgap that can be finely adjusted to accommodate a wide range of absorption wavelengths within the visible light spectrum, thereby emphasizing their potential for efficient recovery and reuse. The utilization of a variety of heterogeneous photocatalysts in photo‐ATRP presents notable benefits for numerous applications, such as the lack of any remaining substances, simplicity in usage, and potential for reuse. This review focuses on recent progress in photo‐ATRP utilizing a wide variety of heterogeneous photocatalysts, encompassing metal semiconductor nanoparticles, quantum dot, upconversion nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, covalent–organic frameworks, conjugated microporous polymers, hypercrosslinked polymer, and carbon‐based materials.
Dystonic Tremor as Main Clinical Manifestation of SCA21
Authors: Yahya Vidal , Baiata Claudio , Monfrini Edoardo , Correia Sandrine , Brescia Gloria , Di Fonzo Alessio , Moro Elena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxia type 21 (SCA21) is a rare inherited neurological disorder characterized by motor, cognitive, and behavioral disturbances, caused by autosomal dominant TMEM240 variants.ObjectivesTo identify the genetic cause of a dystonic tremor with autosomal dominant inheritance.MethodsSix subjects of a multi‐generational French family affected by tremor and dystonia were studied. Each patient underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment and a whole‐exome sequencing analysis.ResultsAll six subjects presented with early‐onset prominent hand dystonic tremor and multifocal/generalized dystonia, secondarily developing mild cerebellar ataxia. The younger generation showed more pronounced cognitive and behavioral impairment. The known pathogenic TMEM240 c.509C>T (p.P170L) variant was found in heterozygosis in all subjects.ConclusionsDystonic tremor can represent the core clinical feature of SCA21, even in absence of overt cerebellar ataxia. Therefore, TMEM240 pathogenic variants should be considered disease‐causing in subjects displaying dystonic tremor, variably associated with ataxia, parkinsonism, neurodevelopmental disorders, and cognitive impairment.
A vision transformer‐based deep transfer learning nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Chen Chuanyu , Luo Yi , Hou Qiuyang , Qiu Jun , Yuan Shuya , Deng Kexue 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLymph node metastasis (LNM) plays a crucial role in the management of lung cancer; however, the ability of chest computed tomography (CT) imaging to detect LNM status is limited.PurposeThis study aimed to develop and validate a vision transformer‐based deep transfer learning nomogram for predicting LNM in lung adenocarcinoma patients using preoperative unenhanced chest CT imaging.MethodsThis study included 528 patients with lung adenocarcinoma who were randomly divided into training and validation cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. The pretrained vision transformer (ViT) was utilized to extract deep transfer learning (DTL) feature, and logistic regression was employed to construct a ViT‐based DTL model. Subsequently, the model was compared with six classical convolutional neural network (CNN) models. Finally, the ViT‐based DTL signature was combined with independent clinical predictors to construct a ViT‐based deep transfer learning nomogram (DTLN).ResultsThe ViT‐based DTL model showed good performance, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.821 (95% CI, 0.775–0.867) in the training cohort and 0.825 (95% CI, 0.758–0.891) in the validation cohort. The ViT‐based DTL model demonstrated comparable performance to classical CNN models in predicting LNM, and the ViT‐based DTL signature was then used to construct ViT‐based DTLN with independent clinical predictors such as tumor maximum diameter, location, and density. The DTLN achieved the best predictive performance, with AUCs of 0.865 (95% CI, 0.827–0.903) and 0.894 (95% CI, 0845–0942), respectively, surpassing both the clinical factor model and the ViT‐based DTL model (p < 0.001).ConclusionThis study developed a new DTL model based on ViT to predict LNM status in lung adenocarcinoma patients and revealed that the performance of the ViT‐based DTL model was comparable to that of classical CNN models, confirming that ViT was viable for deep learning tasks involving medical images. The ViT‐based DTLN performed exceptionally well and can assist clinicians and radiologists in making accurate judgments and formulating appropriate treatment plans.
Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity among older adults in communities of China: A multicenter, cross‐sectional study
Authors: Yang Jing , Wang Yu , Shi Xiaodong , Liu Yan , Ge Sheng , Li Shengqi , Wang Yueming , Li Fei , Suryawanshi Pranali , Chen Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SO) among older adults in Chinese communities and its association with chronic diseases.MethodsWe conducted a post‐hoc analysis of a 2014–2015 multicenter cross‐sectional study involving adults aged ≥60 years from three representative cities in China. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia diagnostic criteria and Chinese local cutoffs were employed to define SO. Data on medical history, lifestyle, quality of life, and cognitive function were collected.ResultsThe overall prevalence of SO was 3.58% in men and 2.88% in women among 2821 participants. There was a notable increase in prevalence with age, with rates reaching 6.58% for men and 4.40% for women aged 70–79 years. In the group aged ≥80 years, the prevalence rate increased significantly, reaching 13.16% for men and 18.18% for women. Those with SO had higher body mass index (25.29 ± 1.55 kg/m² vs 24.16 ± 2.48 kg/m²; P < 0.001) and triceps skinfold thickness (21.17 ± 5.93 mm vs 19.34 ± 6.87 mm; P < 0.05) than the normal group. The prevalence of cardiovascular disease (15.38% vs 6.59%; P < 0.01), hypertension (56.04% vs 38.93%; P < 0.01), and stroke (7.69% vs 2.25%; P < 0.01) was also significantly higher in the SO group. Logistic regression showed that those with SO were more likely to have cardiac disease (odds ratio [OR] = 2.20; P = 0.016) and stroke (OR = 2.61; P = 0.039).ConclusionThe prevalence of SO increases with age among the older adult population in China, notably after age 80 years. SO individuals were more likely to have cardiac disease and stroke. It is important to focus on early identification and management strategies.
Navigating the Discrepancy: How Cost of Living (COL) Adjustments Impact Otolaryngology Residents' Salaries
Authors: Nanu Douglas P. , Tiwana Hardeep S. , Akella Deepthi S. , Nguyen Shaun A. , Khan Sofia , Carr Michele M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo compare differences in otolaryngology residents' salaries in different cities and states before and after adjusting for the cost of living.Study DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingAccreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) otolaryngology residency program websites.MethodsUS otolaryngology residency programs were identified via the ACGME database in December 2023. Stipends posted by each residency program were compared to the cost of living (COL) for related states and major cities. A baseline value of 100 was used as the mean COL, values over 100 indicate above‐mean COL. The weighted salary by state and cities for postgraduate year (PGY) 1 to 5 combined was expressed as mean (SD). Comparisons between salaries before and after adjustment for the COL were assessed using t tests.ResultsThe mean otolaryngology residency stipend across the nation, by city, was $70,572 (n = 1290, range: $58,100‐$93,402; SD = $8370), with a post‐COL adjustment mean stipend of $64,055 (range: $39,193‐$76,674, SD = $10,094, p < .001). Otolaryngology residents in Manhattan, New York State faced a mean decrease from $89,282 to $39,193 (−56%) post‐COL adjustments. Following that were Boston and Los Angeles programs which saw a −$26,402 (−32%) and −$24,761 (−32%) mean decrease after COL adjustments, respectively.ConclusionOtolaryngology residents in high‐cost areas experience significant salary reductions because of COL adjustments, resulting in financial strain. Residents in such regions endure increased financial pressure compared to those in low‐cost areas, as current salaries fail to align with living expenses.
Factors that influence general practitioners' obesity‐related clinical practices and determinants of behavior to target to promote best practice in obesity care: A qualitative exploration
Authors: Ryan Leona , O’Donoghue Grainne , Crotty Michael , Birney Susie , Heary Caroline , Hanlon Michelle , Conlan Owen , Walsh Jane C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionGeneral practitioners (GPs) have been identified as pivotal in the identification and initiation of treatment for obesity, yet effective obesity management remains challenging in general practice. Despite the growing prevalence of obesity and the central role of GPs, there is a dearth of research exploring their experiences and challenges in managing the disease.ObjectiveThis study aimed to understand these challenges by exploring GPs' experiences and to identify factors influencing their obesity management practices to inform the development of targeted intervention strategies.MethodIn‐depth interviews were conducted with 10 GPs. Data were analyzed using abductive thematic analysis underpinned by the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Findings were mapped to the behavior change wheel (BCW) and the behavior change taxonomy to identify potential future intervention strategies.FindingsParticipants described multiple barriers to effective obesity management, including knowledge gaps, lack of training, patient factors, and systemic challenges. Key themes identified were the need for increased support, improved patient engagement, and system‐level changes.ConclusionThis study offers valuable insights into the challenges GPs encounter when managing obesity in general practice. Application of the TDF and BCW frameworks identified complex interactions between knowledge, beliefs, and environmental factors influencing GP behavior. These findings highlight key areas for targeted interventions to enhance obesity care and drive best practice.
Reappraisal of liver resection as an alternative to transplantation in locally advanced hepatoblastoma: A systematic review and analysis of pooled individual patient data
Authors: Fuchs Juri , Rabaux‐Eygasier Lucas , Ruping Fabian , Kessler Markus , Günther Patrick , Hoffmann Katrin , Czigany Zoltan , Michalski Christoph , Hery Geraldine , Mehrabi Arianeb , Branchereau Sophie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is ongoing debate regarding liver transplantation (LT) versus liver resection (LR) for locally advanced hepatoblastoma. However, comparative studies are lacking. Consequently, a significant evidence gap persists, hindering the establishment of consensus guidelines. This study aimed to compare LT and LR for locally advanced hepatoblastoma, using predefined inclusion criteria to ensure comparable intervention groups.MethodsAccording to current Children's Oncology Group (COG) and SIOPEL (European Childhood Liver Tumour Study Group) recommendations, hepatoblastoma that requires LT evaluation was defined as either PRETEXT (PRE‐Treatment EXTent of tumor) IV F+, POST‐TEXT (POST‐Treatment EXTent of tumor) IV, POST‐TEXT P+, and/or POST‐TEXT V+. A systematic literature search (Medline/Web‐of‐Science/Embase) was performed. Only patients who met the aforementioned criteria were included. Patient data were extracted individually and pooled.ResultsA total of 189 patients with locally advanced hepatoblastoma from 55 studies met the specified criteria, with 111 undergoing LT and 78 LR. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age, alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), and PRETEXT stages. Local recurrence was more common after LR (14% vs. 3% in LT, p = .008), while distant recurrence was more often observed after LT (16% vs. 5% in LR, p = .035). Overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) did not differ significantly between LT and LR (5‐year OS: LT = 75.3% [95% confidence interval: 66.5–85.2], LR = 87.6% [80.4–95.6], p = .140; 5‐year EFS: LT = 68.5% [59.3–79.1], LR = 71.1% [60.7–83.3], p = .700).ConclusionReal‐life data revealed that a considerable number of patients with locally advanced hepatoblastoma underwent LR. This analysis suggests that outcomes are similar and favorable for both approaches. LR can therefore be considered an effective alternative to LT in selected cases even in locally advanced hepatoblastoma.
Investigation of Potential‐Induced Degradation and Recovery in Perovskite Minimodules
Authors: Zhang Junchuan , Wu Haodong , Zhang Yi , Cao Fangfang , Qiu Zhiheng , Li Minghui , Lang Xiting , Jiang Yongjie , Gou Yangyang , Liu Xirui , Asiri Abdullah M. , Dyson Paul J. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Ye Jichun , Xiao Chuanxiao 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPotential‐induced degradation (PID) is a prevalent concern in current commercial photovoltaic technologies, impacting their reliability, with the mechanistic basis for PID in perovskite photovoltaic technologies being poorly understood. Here, we investigate the PID mechanism in perovskite minimodules. Our findings reveal nonuniform degradation in the photoluminescence intensity and spectral blue shift. After 60‐h laboratory PID stress tests at −1500 V and 60°C, device efficiency drastically decreases by 96%, and the shunt resistance decreases by 97%, accompanied by a significant quantity of Na+ ions (derived from the soda lime glass) throughout the device structure, leading to a typical PID‐shunting effect. Interestingly, we observed a rapid recovery of device performance during room‐temperature dark storage, in which Na+ ions located close to the glass substrate side rapidly migrated out of the device. Moreover, we also found that the Na+ ions do not appear to diffuse through the grain boundaries but rather their neighboring area and grain interiors, judging by microscopic conductivity mappings.
Experiences and Needs of Carers of Patients With Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rogers Simon N. , Tsai Hao‐Hsuan , Cherry Mary Gemma , Patterson Joanne M. , Semple Cherith Jane 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe needs of head and neck cancer (HNC) carers tends to be poorly addressed as most support systems are directed towards patients. This systematic review synthesises the existing qualitative evidence from carers for adult HNC patients to explore their experiences and needs as a basis to inform the initial development of an item prompt list for HNC carers for use in routine clinical practice.MethodsSeven electronic databases were searched from their inception until November 2022, supplemented by citation chaining and snowballing. Primary qualitative or mixed‐methods studies reporting the experiences of carers for HNC patients, elicited using interviews, were included. Screening and selection, data extraction and quality assessment (Critical Appraisal Skills Programme Checklist) were independently conducted by two researchers. Data were analysed using inductive thematic synthesis and confidence evaluated using GRADE CERQual.ResultsThirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Two overarching themes and nine subthemes emerged: (i) the experiences of loss associated with being a carer (loss of: role and everyday routine, certainty leading to emotional distress, security as fear of recurrence prevailed, finances, intimacy and togetherness, enjoyment from social activities); and (ii) factors promoting coping and adjustment to role of carer (information, supportive mechanisms, personal attributes).ConclusionNew insight into the experiences of HNC carers provides the basis for item generation of a HNC carer prompt tool.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsWith such a range of potential unmet concerns, the development of a prompt list should help to elicit these and provide additional means to targeted support.