bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warmer night‐time temperature promotes microbial heterotrophic activity and modifies stream sediment community
Authors: Freixa Anna , Acuña Vicenç , Casellas Maria , Pecheva Stoyana , Romaní Anna M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDiel temperature patterns are changing because of global warming, with higher temperatures being predicted to be more pronounced at night. Biological reactions are temperature dependent, with some occurring only during the daylight hours (e.g., light photosynthesis) and other during the entire day (e.g., respiration). Consequently, we expect the modification of daily temperature cycles to alter microbial biological reactions in stream sediments. Here, we aimed to study the effect of warming and changes of the diel temperature patterns on stream sediment biofilm functions tied to organic carbon decomposition, as well as on biofilm meiofaunal community structure. We performed an eight‐week experiment with 12 artificial streams subjected to three different diel temperature patterns: warming, warmer nights and control. Significant effects of warming on biofilm function and structure were mainly detected in the long term. Our results showed that warming altered biofilm function, especially in the warmer nights’ treatment, which enhanced β‐glucosidase enzyme activity. Interestingly, clear opposite diel patterns were observed for dissolved organic carbon and β‐glucosidase activity, suggesting that, at night, sediment bacteria quickly consume the input of photosynthetic dissolved organic carbon labile compounds created during light‐time. The biofilm structure was also altered by warming, as both warming and warmer night treatments enhanced copepod abundance and diminished abundances of turbellaria and nematodes, which, in turn, controlled bacterial, algal and ciliate communities. Overall, we conclude that warming has strong effect on sediment biofilm structure and enhanced microbial organic matter degradation which might, consequently, affect higher trophic levels and river carbon cycling.
Climate change–contaminant interactions in marine food webs: Toward a conceptual framework
Authors: Alava Juan José , Cheung William W. L. , Ross Peter S. , Sumaila U. Rashid 
Published: February 2017

AbstractClimate change is reshaping the way in which contaminants move through the global environment, in large part by changing the chemistry of the oceans and affecting the physiology, health, and feeding ecology of marine biota. Climate change‐associated impacts on structure and function of marine food webs, with consequent changes in contaminant transport, fate, and effects, are likely to have significant repercussions to those human populations that rely on fisheries resources for food, recreation, or culture. Published studies on climate change–contaminant interactions with a focus on food web bioaccumulation were systematically reviewed to explore how climate change and ocean acidification may impact contaminant levels in marine food webs. We propose here a conceptual framework to illustrate the impacts of climate change on contaminant accumulation in marine food webs, as well as the downstream consequences for ecosystem goods and services. The potential impacts on social and economic security for coastal communities that depend on fisheries for food are discussed. Climate change–contaminant interactions may alter the bioaccumulation of two priority contaminant classes: the fat‐soluble persistent organic pollutants (POPs), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), as well as the protein‐binding methylmercury (MeHg). These interactions include phenomena deemed to be either climate change dominant (i.e., climate change leads to an increase in contaminant exposure) or contaminant dominant (i.e., contamination leads to an increase in climate change susceptibility). We illustrate the pathways of climate change–contaminant interactions using case studies in the Northeastern Pacific Ocean. The important role of ecological and food web modeling to inform decision‐making in managing ecological and human health risks of chemical pollutants contamination under climate change is also highlighted. Finally, we identify the need to develop integrated policies that manage the ecological and socioeconomic risk of greenhouse gases and marine pollutants.
GATA3 expression in triple‐negative breast cancers
Authors: Byrne David J , Deb Siddhartha , Takano Elena A , Fox Stephen B 
Published: February 2017

AimsGATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA3) is a well‐studied transcription factor found to be essential in the development of luminal breast epithelium and has been identified in a variety of tumour types, including breast and urothelial carcinomas, making it a useful immunohistochemistry marker in the diagnosis of both primary and metastatic disease.Methods and resultsWe investigated GATA3 protein expression in a 106 primary triple‐negative breast carcinomas (100 basal‐like, six non‐basal‐like) using Cell Marque mouse monoclonal anti‐GATA3 (L50‐823). Reverse transcription–quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR) was used to quantify mRNA expression in 22 triple‐negative breast cancers (TNBCs) (20 primary and two cell lines), four luminal (three primary and one cell line) and five human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) (four primary and one cell line) amplified tumours. In 98 TNBCs where IHC was assessable, 47 (48%) had a 1+ or greater staining with 20 (21%) having high GATA3 expression when using a weighted scoring.ConclusionOur study has demonstrated that GATA3 expression is common in primary triple‐negative breast carcinomas. It also suggests that although GATA3 is an oestrogen receptor (ER) regulated gene, it still proves useful in differentiating between primary and metastatic tumours in patients with a history of breast cancer regardless of its molecular subtype.
H3F3A mutation in giant cell tumour of the bone is detected by immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against the G34W mutated site of the histone H3.3 variant
Authors: Lüke Julian , von Baer Alexandra , Schreiber Jordan , Lübbehüsen Christoph , Breining Thomas , Mellert Kevin , Marienfeld Ralf , Schultheiss Markus , Möller Peter , Barth Thomas F E 
Published: February 2017

AimsGiant cell tumour of the bone (GCTB) is a neoplasm predominantly of long bones characterized by the H3F3A mutation G34W. Conventional diagnosis is challenged by the tumour's giant cell‐rich morphology, which overlaps with other giant cell‐containing lesions of the bone. Recently, a monoclonal antibody specific for the H3F3A mutation has been generated. Our aim was to test this antibody on a cohort of giant cell‐containing lesions.Methods and resultsWe used the antibody for analysis of 22 H3F3A‐mutated GCTB, including two patients with recurrences; for comparison we analysed a cohort of 36 H3F3A wild‐type giant cell‐rich lesions of the bone and soft tissue, containing one brown tumour, six aneurysmal bone cysts (ABC), six chondroblastomas, five non‐ossifying‐fibromas, two fibrous dysplasias, nine tenosynovial giant cell tumours, one giant cell‐rich sarcoma and six osteosarcomas. Furthermore, among the 22 mutated cases, we included one GCTB with two recurrences and lung metastases; the patient was treated with the anti‐receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) ligand denosumab. We show that all 22 H3F3A‐mutated GCTB display strong nuclear H3.3 G34W staining in the neoplastic component, while the osteoclastic giant cells are negative. 36 H3F3A wild‐type lesions are negative. The GCTB treated with denosumab revealed a reduction in the H3.3 G34W‐positive tumour cells and a decrease in osteoclastic giant cells accompanied by matrix and osteoid formation.ConclusionsWe conclude that positive H3.3 G34W staining is a specific and sensitive method for detection of H3F3A‐mutated GCTB. Denosumab treatment leads to a pathomorphosis of the lesion characterized by matrix and osteoid producing H3.3 G34W‐negative stromal cells.
Extra‐ampullary duodenal adenoma: a clinicopathological study
Authors: Hijikata Kazunori , Nemoto Tetsuo , Igarashi Yoshinori , Shibuya Kazutoshi 
Published: February 2017

AimsExtra‐ampullary duodenal adenoma (EADA) is a rare condition with poorly described clinicopathological details. In this study, we aimed to characterize EADA clinicopathologically.Methods and resultsWe performed a retrospective review of 44 serial cases of EADA. Each EADA was categorized as either gastric‐type (n = 5) or intestinal‐type (n = 39). All gastric‐type adenomas were located in the first portion of the duodenum and exhibited a pedunculated shape. Gastric‐type adenomas were classified into two subtypes: pyloric gland and foveolar. The former consisted of mucin 6 (MUC6)‐positive glands covered with MUC5AC‐positive cells, whereas nearly all the latter consisted of MUC5AC‐positive cells. When EADAs were categorized into high and low grades, approximately 40% (16 of 44) were high‐grade. The high‐grade adenomas were significantly larger than the low‐grade adenomas (19.4 ± 8.6 mm versus 11.8 ± 5.1 mm, P = 0.021), and all adenomas greater than 20 mm in largest diameter were categorized as high‐grade adenomas. Among 16 individuals who underwent total colonoscopy before or after duodenal mucosal resection, nine had a colorectal neoplasm, and all nine duodenal lesions were of the intestinal phenotype.ConclusionsWe clarified the clinicopathological characteristics of gastric‐ and intestinal‐type EADAs. EADAs greater than 20 mm at the largest diameter were consistently high‐grade, and are thought to have the potential to progress to adenocarcinoma. These findings should be helpful for the clinical management of EADA.
Anti‐CD3 treatment up‐regulates programmed cell death protein‐1 expression on activated effector T cells and severely impairs their inflammatory capacity
Authors: Wallberg Maja , Recino Asha , Phillips Jenny , Howie Duncan , Vienne Margaux , Paluch Christopher , Azuma Miyuki , Wong F. Susan , Waldmann Herman , Cooke Anne 
Published: February 2017

SummaryT cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes, and targeting the CD3 component of the T‐cell receptor complex provides one therapeutic approach. Anti‐CD3 treatment can reverse overt disease in spontaneously diabetic non‐obese diabetic mice, an effect proposed to, at least in part, be caused by a selective depletion of pathogenic cells. We have used a transfer model to further investigate the effects of anti‐CD3 treatment on green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ islet‐specific effector T cells in vivo. The GFP expression allowed us to isolate the known effectors at different time‐points during treatment to assess cell presence in various organs as well as gene expression and cytokine production. We find, in this model, that anti‐CD3 treatment does not preferentially deplete the transferred effector cells, but instead inhibits their metabolic function and their production of interferon‐γ. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) expression was up‐regulated on the effector cells from anti‐CD3‐treated mice, and diabetes induced through anti‐PD‐L1 antibody could only be reversed with anti‐CD3 antibody if the anti‐CD3 treatment lasted beyond the point when the anti‐PD‐L1 antibody was washed out of the system. This suggests that PD‐1/PD‐L1 interaction plays an important role in the anti‐CD3 antibody mediated protection. Our data demonstrate an additional mechanism by which anti‐CD3 therapy can reverse diabetogenesis.
Developmental trajectories to heroin dependence: Theoretical and clinical issues
Authors: Darke Shane , Torok Michelle , Ross Joanne 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe have built up a great deal of insight into the early developmental trajectories that lead to heroin use. These cluster under five domains: social disadvantage, parental drug use/psychopathology, childhood abuse and neglect, early onset psychopathology and antisocial behaviors, and a developmental sequence of drug onsets. While not all heroin users have these risk factors, the broad clinical picture shows these early correlates to be the predominant presentation. We discuss each of the early psychosocial correlates of heroin dependence, as well as possible early interventions. Given the chronicity of heroin dependence, interventions to prevent heroin use emerging would reduce the considerable burden of disease associated with the disorder.
Social amoebae mating types do not invest unequally in sexual offspring
Authors: Douglas T. E. , Queller D. C. , Strassmann J. E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUnequal investment by different sexes in their progeny is common and includes differential investment in the zygote and differential care of the young. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has a sexual stage in which isogamous cells of any two of the three mating types fuse to form a zygote which then attracts hundreds of other cells to the macrocyst. The latter cells are cannibalized and so make no genetic contribution to reproduction. Previous literature suggests that this sacrifice may be induced in cells of one mating type by cells of another, resulting in a higher than expected production of macrocysts when the inducing type is rare and giving a reproductive advantage to this social cheat. We tested this hypothesis in eight trios of field‐collected clones of each of the three D. discoideum mating types by measuring macrocyst production at different pairwise frequencies. We found evidence that supported differential contribution in only two of the 24 clone pairs, so this pattern is rare and clone‐specific. In general, we did not reject the hypothesis that the mating types contribute cells relative to their proportion in the population. We also found a significant quadratic relationship between partner frequency and macrocyst production, suggesting that when one clone is rare, macrocyst production is limited by partner availability. We were also unable to replicate previous findings that macrocyst production could be induced in the absence of a compatible mating partner. Overall, mating type‐specific differential investment during sex is unlikely in microbial eukaryotes like D. discoideum.
A pilot randomised controlled trial investigating a Mediterranean diet intervention in pregnant women for the primary prevention of allergic diseases in infants
Authors: Sewell D. A. , Hammersley V. S. , Robertson A. , Devereux G. , Stoddart A. , Weir C. J. , Worth A. , Sheikh A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackgroundObservational studies suggest a potentially protective role of the Mediterranean diet (MD) in allergic diseases, including asthma. Large scale randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to test the hypothesised allergy‐prevention benefits of a MD during pregnancy. The present two‐arm pilot RCT in pregnant women at high‐risk of having a child who would develop allergic disease investigated maternal recruitment, retention and acceptability of an MD dietary intervention in the UK. The trial also assessed the effect of the intervention on MD adherence scores at 12 and at 24 weeks post‐randomisation.MethodsThirty women were recruited at around 12 weeks of gestation. Retention was high (28 out of 30; 93%). The intervention was acceptable to participants. Mean (SD) adherence to the MD at baseline was 12.4 (2.9) in the intervention arm (n = 14) and 13.0 (1.9) in the control arm (n = 16), where 24 represents maximal adherence. There was a favourable short‐term change in MD score: the adjusted mean difference (intervention – control) in the change in MD score from baseline to 12 weeks post‐randomisation was 2.4 (95% confidence interval = 0.6–4.2, P = 0.012).ConclusionsThe trial provides important insights into recruitment, retention and sustaining the dietary intervention, which will be used in the design of a large RCT.
Community mental health nurses' and compassion: an interpretative approach
Authors: Barron K. , Deery R. , Sloan G. 
Published: February 2017

Accessible summaryWhat is known on the subject?

The concept of compassion is well documented in the healthcare literature but has received limited attention in mental health nursing.

What this paper adds to existing knowledge?

Mental health nurses struggle with defining compassion. The study, with its limitations, brings greater clarity to the meaning of compassion for community mental health nurses and NHS organizations.

Mental health nurses need time to reflect on their provision of compassionate care.

What are the implications for practice?

The study has shown that compassion is important for NHS healthcare management, frontline mental health nurses and policy‐makers in UK, and there is potential for sharing practice and vision across NHS organisations.

Mental health nurses could benefit from training to facilitate their understanding of compassionate practices.

Emphasis should be placed on the importance of self‐compassion and how this can be nurtured from the secure base of clinical supervision.

AbstractIntroductionThere is increasing emphasis in policy, research and practice in the UK and internationally on the importance of caring in health care. Compassion needs to be at the core of all healthcare professionals' practice. Recently, health care has received negative attention through media and government reports which cite a lack of compassion in care.RationaleThe concept of compassion has received limited attention in community mental health nursing.AimBased on data taken from semi‐structured interviews with community mental health nurses, this paper aims to describe interpretations and perspectives of compassion to gain insight and development of its meaning.MethodA naturalistic, interpretive approach was taken to the study. Semi‐structured interviews with nine mental health nurses were analysed using Burnard's 14‐step model of thematic analysis.FindingsThe research illuminates the complexity of compassion and how its practice impacts on emotional responses and relationships with self, patients, colleagues and the employing organization. Participants identified difficulties engaging with compassionate practice whilst recognizing it as a driving force underpinning provision of care.Implications for practiceMental health nurses need to be supported to work towards a greater understanding of compassionate care for clinical practice and the need for self‐compassion.
Insights into the plastid diversity ofDaphne blagayanaFreyer (Thymelaeaceae)
Authors: Fišer Pečnikar Živa , Fujs Nataša , Brus Robert , Ballian Dalibor , Buzan Elena 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDaphne blagayanais a small decumbent bush from the family Thymelaeaceae with a fragmented distribution range, comprising the Balkan Peninsula and the southern Romanian Carpathians. Due to its rarity it is protected by national legislation in almost all countries within its range. The aim of this work was to assess the plastid diversity ofDaphne blagayanafrom 21 locations throughout its distribution range using the chloroplast intergenic regionspsbA‐trnHandtrnK–matKwith the genematK. Moreover, we tried to determine with DNA and morphometric characters whether the division of the species into subspecies and varieties, which were mentioned in some literature (subsp.lerchenfeldiana, var.kellereri, subsp.zogovićii), reflects its phylogeographic structure. The results suggest the existence of three clusters: the northwestern cluster (ESU1), including Slovenian and Italian populations, the southern cluster (ESU2), including populations from Macedonia, Montenegro and some populations from southern Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the central cluster, including the remaining populations (Bulgaria, Romania and rest of the populations from Bosnia and Herzegovina). The results of the genetic as well as morphometric study do not support the existence of subsp.lerchenfeldianaand var.kellererias distinct infraspecific categories ofD. blagayana, thus we suggest that ESU's should be used instead in planning conservation actions.
The Influence of Standard and Substandard Dutch on Gender Assignment in Second Language German
Authors: Vanhove Jan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study investigated how standard and substandard varieties of first language (L1) Dutch affect grammatical gender assignments to nouns in second language (L2) German. While German distinguishes between masculine, feminine, and neuter gender, the masculine–feminine distinction has nearly disappeared in Standard Dutch. Many substandard Belgian Dutch varieties, however, still mark this distinction, making them more akin to German than Standard Dutch in this respect. Seventy‐one Belgian and 104 Netherlandic speakers of Dutch with varying levels of German proficiency assigned gender‐marked German articles to German nouns with Dutch cognates; these gender assignments were then compared to the cognates’ gender in the standard and substandard L1 varieties. While the gender assignments of both Belgian and Dutch participants were strongly influenced by the cognates’ Standard Dutch gender, the Belgians’ responses showed, at best, weak traces of the masculine–feminine distinction in substandard Belgian Dutch. Possible reasons for this weak substandard variety influence are discussed.Open PracticesThis article has been awarded Open Data, Open Materials, and Preregistered Research Design badges. All data, R code, materials, and appendices, along with preregistration for research design and analyses, are publicly accessible via the Open Science Framework at https://osf.io/5ahzj. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.
Visual impairment in older institutionalised Canadian seniors with dementia
Authors: Chriqui Estefania , Law Caroline , Kergoat Marie‐Jeanne , Leclerc Bernard‐Simon , Kergoat Hélène 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the prevalence of visual impairment (VI) in a sub‐population of Canadian long‐term care facilities, i.e. residents affected by dementia.MethodsThis study was conducted in the long‐term care facility units at the Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal. All residents ≥65 years old (y.o.), having a clinical diagnosis of dementia, and able to understand French or English, were eligible for participation in the study. All residents participating in the study received a complete eye exam by an experienced optometrist. For the purpose of the study, VI was defined as a distance visual acuity (VA) <6/12 (0.30 logMAR, 20/40) in the better seeing eye.ResultsOne hundred and fifty residents, 68–102 y.o. took part into the study. All participants had a diagnosis of dementia recorded in their clinical chart. VI was present in 37.3% (95% CI: 29.1–46.1%) (n = 50) of residents in whom monocular VA could be measured. Ocular refraction for their better seeing eye improved the VA to ≥6/12 (0.30 logMAR, 20/40) in 40% (n = 20) of those 50 residents. When VI remained after refraction, it was due in order of frequency to cataract, age‐related macular degeneration, and primary open angle glaucoma.ConclusionsOur data showed that an appreciable proportion (37.3%) of older residents with dementia also have VI, and that VI can be corrected in many by updating their refraction. Others could potentially be helped through cataract surgery. It is therefore important to offer regular eye care services to those residents, knowing that many are not able to express their visual needs.