bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does stream flow structure woody riparian vegetation in subtropical catchments?
Authors: James Cassandra S. , Mackay Stephen J. , Arthington Angela H. , Capon Samantha J. , Barnes Anna , Pearson Ben 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to test the relevance of hydrological classification and class differences to the characteristics of woody riparian vegetation in a subtropical landscape in Queensland, Australia. We followed classification procedures of the environmental flow framework ELOHA – Ecological Limits of Hydrologic Alteration. Riparian surveys at 44 sites distributed across five flow classes recorded 191 woody riparian species and 15, 500 individuals. There were differences among flow classes for riparian species richness, total abundance, and abundance of regenerating native trees and shrubs. There were also significant class differences in the occurrence of three common tree species, and 21 indicator species (mostly native taxa) further distinguished the vegetation characteristics of each flow class. We investigated the influence of key drivers of riparian vegetation structure (climate, depth to water table, stream‐specific power, substrate type, degree of hydrologic alteration, and land use) on riparian vegetation. Patterns were explained largely by climate, particularly annual rainfall and temperature. Strong covarying drivers (hydrology and climate) prevented us from isolating the independent influences of these drivers on riparian assemblage structure. The prevalence of species considered typically rheophytic in some flow classes implies a more substantial role for flow in these classes but needs further testing. No relationships were found between land use and riparian vegetation composition and structure. This study demonstrates the relevance of flow classification to the structure of riparian vegetation in a subtropical landscape, and the influence of covarying drivers on riparian patterns. Management of environmental flows to influence riparian vegetation assemblages would likely have most potential in sites dominated by rheophytic species where hydrological influences override other controls. In contrast, where vegetation assemblages are dominated by a diverse array of typical rainforest species, and other factors including broad‐scale climatic gradients and topographic variables have greater influence than hydrology, riparian vegetation is likely to be less responsive to environmental flow management.
Warm vegetarians? Heat waves and diet shifts in tadpoles
Authors: Carreira B. M. , Segurado P. , Orizaola G. , Gonçalves N. , Pinto V. , Laurila A. , Rebelo R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTemperature can play an important role in determining the feeding preferences of ectotherms. In light of the warmer temperatures arising with the current climatic changes, omnivorous ectotherms may perform diet shifts toward higher herbivory to optimize energetic intake. Such diet shifts may also occur during heat waves, which are projected to become more frequent, intense, and longer lasting in the future. Here, we investigated how heat waves of different duration affect feeding preferences in omnivorous anuran tadpoles and how these choices affect larval life history. In laboratory experiments, we fed tadpoles of three species on animal, plant, or mixed diet and exposed them to short heat waves (similar to the heat waves these species experience currently) or long heat waves (predicted to increase under climate change). We estimated the dietary choices of tadpoles fed on the mixed diet using stable isotopes and recorded tadpole survival and growth, larval period, and mass at metamorphosis. Tadpole feeding preferences were associated with their thermal background, with herbivory increasing with breeding temperature in nature. Patterns in survival, growth, and development generally support decreased efficiency of carnivorous diets and increased efficiency or higher relative quality of herbivorous diets at higher temperatures. All three species increased herbivory in at least one of the heat wave treatments, but the responses varied among species. Diet shifts toward higher herbivory were maladaptive in one species, but beneficial in the other two. Higher herbivory in omnivorous ectotherms under warmer temperatures may impact species differently and further contribute to changes in the structure and function of freshwater environments.
Coexistence of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and endomyocardial fibrosis with calcification: diagnosis using multimodality imaging
Authors: Muthukumar Lakshmi , Jan M. Fuad , Whitnah Joseph , Tajik A. Jamil 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA 48‐year‐old man from West Africa was evaluated for dyspnea. Echocardiography showed an echolucent mass at the left ventricular apex surrounded by a dense ridge of tissue, suggesting endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF). Doppler echocardiography showed restrictive hemodynamics and intramyocardial coronary blood flow at the hypertrophied apex, suggesting apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) with calcified thrombus. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed a thickened myocardium with apical cavity obliteration and endomyocardial calcification, and gadolinium contrast demonstrated marked bright subendocardial and diffuse patchy intramyocardial hyperenhancement in the hypertrophied apical wall segment, confirming coexistence of EMF and ApHCM. Workup for known disorders of calcification was negative.
Physicochemical and sensory quality of yogurt incorporated with pectin from peel of Citrus sinensis
Authors: Arioui Fatiha , Ait Saada Djamel , Cheriguene Abderrahim 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIndustrial by‐product like orange peel plays an important role in pectin manufacture. The objective of this article was to extract pectin from peel of Citrus sinensis and to study the effect of its incorporation on the quality of yogurt during the period of fermentation and postacidification. Physicochemical, organoleptic, and rheological properties of yogurt prepared with pectin were studied in order to determine the best preparation depending on the rate of pectin. The extraction pectin yield was estimated to more than 24%. The viscosity and acidity were increased with increasing of the pectin rate. The best viscosity value was obtained with 0.6% of pectin. Furthermore, the effect of the rate of pectin incorporation in the fermented milks was clearly observed on the number of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus, the cohesiveness, the adhesiveness, the taste, and the whey exudation.
Long‐term outcomes after multidisciplinary management of T3 laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas: Improved functional outcomes and survival with modern therapeutic approaches
Authors: Fuller Clifton D. , Mohamed Abdallah S. R. , Garden Adam S. , Gunn G. Brandon , Mulcahy Collin F. , Zafereo Mark , Phan Jack , Lai Stephen Y. , Lewin Jan S. , Hutcheson Katherine A. , Frank Steven J. , Beadle Beth M. , Morrison William H. , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Kocak–Uzel Esengul , Ginsberg Lawrence E. , Kies Merril S. , Weber Randal S. , Rosenthal David I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the long‐term outcomes after initial definitive or adjuvant radiotherapy (RT) for T3 laryngeal cancers.MethodsWe reviewed 412 patients treated for T3 laryngeal squamous cell cancer from 1985 to 2011.ResultsThe 10‐year overall survival (OS) was 35%; disease‐specific‐survival (DSS) was 61%; locoregional control was 76%; and freedom from distant metastasis was 83%. Chemotherapy, age, performance status <2, node‐negative status, and glottic subsite were associated with improved survival (all p < .03). Larynx preservation with induction and/or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (LP‐CRT) had better laryngectomy‐free survival than RT alone (LP‐RT; hazard ratio [HR] = 0.62; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.47–0.81; p = .0005); 10‐year laryngectomy‐free survival rates of the LP‐CRT cohort (37%) were higher than those of the LP‐RT cohort (18%). The 5‐year DSS and OS rates of the LP‐CRT cohort (79% and 67%) were better after total laryngectomy with postoperative RT (TL‐PORT; 61% and 50%) and LP‐RT (64% and 46%; p < .006 for all).ConclusionIn patients with T3 laryngeal cancers, LP‐CRT provides better functional, oncologic, and survival outcomes than historical TL‐PORT or LP‐RT does. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1739–1751, 2016
Perceptions of male rape and sexual assault in a male sample from the United Kingdom: Barriers to reporting and the impacts of victimization
Authors: Hammond Laura , Ioannou Maria , Fewster Martha 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe present study explored the prevalence of myths about male sexual assault, assault by penetration, and rape in a male general population sample (N = 98; mean age = 26.17 years), with the aim of determining potential barriers to the reporting of incidents of male sexual victimization and reasons for reluctance to report. In addition, the impacts of prior experience of male sexual victimization, both direct and indirect, on rape and sexual assault myth acceptance and on attitudes to reporting were evaluated. Participants completed an online survey indicating their levels of agreement with a range of statements reflecting different rape and sexual assault myths identified within the previous literature. Overall, there were high levels of disagreement (>90%) with the majority of the statements. The only items generating higher agreement ratings were those suggesting that the police are unlikely to take male sexual victimization seriously and—where the offence in question was sexual assault or assault by penetration and the perpetrator female—that men should be able to defend themselves against such crimes. Those without any prior experience of male sexual victimization tended to disagree more with the rape myths than those with previous experience. When asked whether they would report these offences if they were to happen to them, participants said that they were more likely to report each of the types of offences when the perpetrator was male than when they were female. Potential implications of the findings, for male sex offence investigations and for the criminal justice system more generally, are discussed.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Carbonized PAN Nanofibers Cohesively Attached to Surface of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composites
Authors: Alarifi Ibrahim M. , Alharbi Abdulaziz , Khan Waseem S. , Rahman AKM Samsur , Asmatulu Ramazan 
Published: July 2016

SummaryUnidirecitonal pre‐preg carbon fibers of ten peel plies were laid up at 0‐, 45‐, −45‐, and 45‐degree stacking sequences on a flat and smooth aluminum (Al) plate, and then carbonized electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were placed on top of the last ply prior to vacuum curing in a vacuum oven. The PAN electrospun fibers were oxidized at 280°C in an ambient condition for 1 hr and then carbonized at 850°C for 1 hr in an argon (Ar) gas atmosphere. The resultant composite panels were cut into small pieces and subjected to a number of different characterization techniques. Thermal mechanical analysis (TMA) measurements clearly showed that significant reinforcement was achieved for the pre‐preg/carbonized PAN fiber composites because of the enhanced interfacial bonding between the PAN nanofibers and the matrix. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests exhibited a shift of the glass transition temperature of the carbonized PAN nanofiber/composite, which may be helpful for high‐temperature applications of the present composites. A Raman spectroscopy peak around 897 cm−1 indicated formation of the γ‐phase of the carbonized PAN fibers. The highest stretching peak of the CH2 group was recognized within the range of 2,500–2,800 cm−1 for the carbonized fibers. The vibration peak of the CN group also appeared at 1,452 cm−1 spectrum. TMA determined the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), indicating an improvement in stability of the composite material, which can be useful for structural health monitoring (SHM) as well as lightning strikes and electromagnetic interference shielding applications of new carbon fiber composites.
Morphology and Thermomechanical Properties in Epoxy Acrylate Interpenetrated Networks
Authors: Butterfield Lena , Bobo Emilie , Li Wenlong , Henning Sven , Delpouve Nicolas , Tan Li , Saiter Jean‐Marc , Negahban Mehrdad 
Published: July 2016

SummaryInterpenetrated Polymer Networks (IPNs) were produced from the simultaneous UV‐photocuring of Bisphenol A propoxylate diacrylate (BPA‐PDA) and 3,4‐epoxycyclohexylmethyl 3,4‐epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (ECH) under a polychromatic source. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) were used to investigate the morphology of the samples, when dependence in thermal stability with the composition was evidenced from Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). The aptitude to create a wide range of thermomechanical properties was investigated towards Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Dynamic mechanical Analysis (DMA) and tensile tests. Post‐curing contributes to increase the glass transition and the strain at break of the materials, and is also responsible to higher resistance to thermal degradation. Results show promising possibilities for the future development of graded materials with property control at different scales.
Sulfonation of Poly(arylene Ethers) and ABA Triblock Copolymers With a Mild Sulfonation Agent
Authors: Agudelo Natalia A. , Palacio Juliana , López Betty L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA series of sulfonated polymers from poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK) and poly(ether ether sulfone) (PEES) were obtained using acetyl sulfate as mild sulfonating agent. The thermoplastic polymers PEEK and PEES were synthesized by polycondensation reactions and sulfonated by electrophilic substitutions of the most activated positions in the aromatic polymer structure. The sulfonation reaction was performed between 40 °C to 60 °C varying the reaction time from 3 h to 12 h to obtain different Degrees of Sulfonation (DS). The modification of these polymers was corroborated by spectroscopic techniques and the thermal properties were determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Finally, ABA triblock copolymers, such as PMMA‐PEEK‐PMMA and PMMA‐PEES‐PMMA, were sulfonated under soft reactions conditions, and the modification of middle block of each copolymer was confirmed by different techniques.
Discrepancies between asthma control criteria in asthmatic patients with and without obesity
Authors: Vermette Antoine , Boulay Marie‐Eve , Boulet Louis‐Philippe 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo compare the prevalence of discrepancies between clinical, physiological, and inflammatory asthma control parameters between patients with asthma and obesity and patients with asthma but not obesity using the Asthma Control Scoring System (ACSS).MethodsA retrospective analysis of demographic data and ACSS scores was performed in two groups of patients with asthma (74 with obesity and 74 without obesity) paired for sex, age, and asthma severity. Scores from each asthma control parameter—clinical (respiratory symptoms), physiological (forced expiratory volume in 1 s), and inflammatory (sputum eosinophil percentage)—were compared. Discrepancy was defined as a >20% difference between two scores.ResultsThe prevalence of discrepancies between scores was similar between asthma patients with or without obesity. A sub‐analysis on patients with uncontrolled asthma (ACSS global score <80%) showed a higher prevalence of discrepancies between the clinical and physiological scores in subjects with obesity, the clinical score being higher than the physiological one in most (87%) cases.ConclusionsSubjects with obesity and uncontrolled asthma show higher clinical scores than physiological scores, suggesting an under‐evaluation of asthma symptoms. Future studies are needed to evaluate the influence of obesity on each type of asthma symptom.
Changes in regional body composition over 8 years in a randomized lifestyle trial: The look AHEAD study
Authors: Pownall Henry J. , Schwartz Anne V. , Bray George A. , Berkowitz Robert I. , Lewis Cora E. , Boyko Edward J. , Jakicic John M. , Chen Haiying , Heshka Stanley , Gregg Edward W. , Johnson Karen C. ,   the Look AHEAD Research Group
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo test the hypothesis that an 8‐year intensive lifestyle intervention (ILI) suppresses aging‐dependent changes in regional lean mass (LM) and fat mass (FM) among people with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.MethodsRegional body composition was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry within a subset of 1,019 volunteers (45–75 years old) in the Look AHEAD study randomized to ILI or diabetes support and education (DSE). The ILI goal was to achieve and maintain ≥7% weight loss through increased physical activity and reduced caloric intake.ResultsOver 8 years, the DSE group exhibited a linear loss of LM and FM. During year 1, the ILI group lost LM and FM. Between years 1 and 8, the ILI group regained most FM in all regions; regional LM converged with that of the DSE group; the percent of LM loss was greater for the leg than for the trunk. Among both groups, regional LM and FM change was proportional to the size of the region, trunk > leg > arm.ConclusionsAging‐dependent LM losses, particularly in the leg region, were not suppressed by ILI. The long‐term consequences of rapid LM and FM loss and subsequent regain mostly as fat are unknown.
Structured dietary intervention to facilitate weight loss after bariatric surgery: A randomized, controlled pilot study
Authors: Kalarchian Melissa A. , Marcus Marsha D. , Courcoulas Anita P. , Lutz Calvin , Cheng Yu , Sweeny Gina 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the potential utility of a structured dietary intervention to assist bariatric surgery patients with weight management.MethodsParticipants who underwent Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass surgery 1 year previously were randomly assigned to a structured dietary intervention incorporating portion‐controlled foods (intervention, n = 20) or a comparison group (control, n = 20). Both groups received instruction in behavioral weight loss (one 60‐min session) followed by four monthly coaching telephone calls. Assessments were conducted at baseline, 4 months (post‐intervention), and 6 months.ResultsParticipants were 85% female and 80% White. Average age was 46.9 (11.1) years, and body mass index was 31.3 (5.4) kg/m2 at enrollment. Percent weight change from enrollment was significantly greater for intervention compared with control participants at 4 months [−4.56% vs. −0.13%, t(30) = −3.29, P = 0.003] and 6 months [−4.07% vs. −0.14%, t(31) = −2.03, P = 0.05]. Change in average daily calorie intake was greater among intervention compared with control [−108 vs. 116, t(30) = −2.01, P = 0.05] at 4 months only.ConclusionsA structured dietary intervention increased weight loss and reduced calorie intake when initiated 1 year following Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass. This approach holds promise for optimizing postsurgery lifestyle change.
Severe antiretroviral‐associated skin reactions in South African patients: a case series and case–control analysis
Authors: Stewart Annemie , Lehloenya Rannakoe , Boulle Andrew , de Waal Renee , Maartens Gary , Cohen Karen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeSevere skin reactions may complicate combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Nevirapine is known to be associated with severe skin reactions, but there are conflicting data on risk factors in African patients. We reviewed cases of severe skin reactions admitted to a tertiary hospital in Cape Town, South Africa. We identified associations with severe skin reactions in patients on cART.MethodsWe described severe skin reaction cases in patients taking cART admitted to Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, between 2006 and 2012. We included those patients who developed a severe skin reaction within 120 days of cART initiation in a case–control analysis. We identified control patients matched on date of cART initiation and primary care facility by linkage with the Western Cape electronic provincial HIV database. We conducted a conditional (fixed effects) logistic regression modelling.ResultsWe identified 169 severe skin reactions in patients on cART. The most common presentations were Stevens Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis (49%) and drug hypersensitivity syndrome (36%). One hundred forty‐one patients were female, of which 27 were pregnant. Median duration of hospitalization was 12 days (interquartile range 8 to 19) and six patients died. We included 91 cases and 361 matched controls in the analysis. Severe skin reaction was associated with nevirapine exposure, adjusted odds ratio of 7.6 (95%CI 3.7 to 15.7) and with pregnancy, adjusted odds ratio 3.7 (95%CI 1.3 to 10.8) compared with men.ConclusionsSevere skin reactions resulted in prolonged admission to hospital in this setting. We found that nevirapine use and pregnancy are independently associated with severe skin reaction. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnesium‐doped cuprous oxide (Mg:Cu2O) thin films as a transparent p‐type semiconductor
Authors: Resende João , Jiménez Carmen , Nguyen Ngoc Duy , Deschanvres Jean‐Luc 
Published: July 2016

The lack of a successful p‐type transparent semiconductor delays the future implementation of transparent electronics. In the group semiconducting compounds, cuprous oxide (Cu2O) presents promising electrical and manufacturing features that establish it as a suitable candidate for p‐type transparent semiconductors. However, high absorbance in the visible range reduces its application practical devices.In this work, we achieved the incorporation of magnesium in cuprous oxide grown by aerosol‐assisted metal‐organic chemical vapour deposition. The fabricated doped thin films reached up to 17% of magnesium, resulting in morphology changes. Electrical resistivity was reduced down to values as low as 6.6 Ωcm, due to the increase of charge‐carrier density. The optical transparency was enhanced compared to intrinsic cuprous oxide.
Data‐driven loop‐shaping controller design
Authors: Sung Y. C. , Patil S. V. , Safonov M. G. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe develop a data‐driven and real‐time test for candidate controllers' ability to meet given McFarlane–Glover loop‐shape specifications. The proposed test provides a data‐driven method to improve robustness of closed‐loop systems by eliminating controllers that past collected data have proved to fail to meet loop‐shape specifications. The test has an important property that many candidate controllers (not necessarily active ones) can be tested in real time using evolving real‐time plant data collected while others are active. It is shown that controller‐shaping in the present work plays a role that is dual to the role of plant‐shaping in the model‐based
loop‐shaping design procedure. A simulation example is provided. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.