bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dissolving Lignin in Water through Enzymatic Sulfation with Aryl Sulfotransferase
Authors: Prinsen Pepijn , Narani Anand , Hartog Aloysius F. , Wever Ron , Rothenberg Gadi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe introduce the concept of using site‐specific sulfation of various lignins for increasing their aqueous solubility and thereby their processability. Using p‐nitrophenylsulfate as a sulfate source and an aryl sulfotransferase enzyme as catalyst, lignins are easily sulfated at ambient conditions. We demonstrate the specific sulfation of phenolic hydroxyl groups on five different lignins: Indulin AT (Kraft softwood), Protobind 1000 (mixed wheat straw/Sarkanda grass soda) and three organosolv lignins. The reaction proceeds smoothly and the increase in solubility is visible to the naked eye. We then examine the reaction kinetics, and show that these are easily monitored qualitatively and quantitatively using UV/Vis spectroscopy. The UV/Vis results are validated with 31P NMR spectroscopy of the lignin phenol groups after derivatization with phosphorylation reagent II. In general, the results are more significant with organosolv lignins, as Kraft and soda lignins are produced from aqueous lignocellulose extraction processes.
Left ventricular global longitudinal strain in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: outcomes following an acute heart failure hospitalization
Authors: Buggey Jonathan , Alenezi Fawaz , Yoon Hyun Ju , Phelan Matthew , DeVore Adam D. , Khouri Michel G. , Schulte Phillip J. , Velazquez Eric J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsWhile abnormal resting LV GLS has been described in patients with chronic heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), its prognostic significance when measured during an acute heart failure hospitalization remains unclear. We assessed the association between left ventricular global longitudinal strain (LV GLS) and outcomes in patients hospitalized with acute HFpEF.Methods and resultsWe studied patients discharged alive for acute HFpEF from Duke University Medical Center between 2007 and 2010. Among patients with measurable LV GLS, we performed 2D, speckle‐tracking analysis and Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association between continuous LV GLS and outcomes. Baseline characteristics were stratified by normal (≤−16%) or abnormal (>−16%) LV GLS for comparison. Among 463 patients, the median LV GLS was −12.8% (Interquartile range, −15.8 to −10.8%) and was abnormal in 352 (76%). Overall patients in the cohort were generally elderly, female and had hypertension. After multivariable adjustment, worse outcomes were noted between LV GLS and mortality (HR 1.19 per 1% increase; 95% CI 1.00–1.42; P = 0.046) and a composite endpoint of mortality or rehospitalization at 30 days (HR 1.08 per 1% increase; 95% CI 0.99–1.18; P = 0.08). There was no association between LV GLS and mortality or a composite of mortality or rehospitalization at 1 year.ConclusionsA high prevalence of patients hospitalized with acute HFpEF have abnormal LV GLS suggesting unrecognized myocardial systolic dysfunction. Furthermore, worse LV GLS is associated with worse clinical outcomes at 30 days but not by1 year.
Hunting, age structure, and horn size distribution in bighorn sheep
Authors: Schindler Susanne , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Hogg John T. , Pelletier Fanie 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTTrophy hunting, the selective removal of animals for human recreation, can contribute to conservation when appropriately managed. Yet, little is known about how harvest rates or different definitions of trophy affect age structure and trophy size in harvested animals and in survivors because no controlled studies exist. To investigate the impacts of different management regimes, we developed an individual‐based model for bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), based on empirical data on survival from a protected population and data on horn growth from 2 populations that differed in their growth rates. One population showed slow horn growth and the other population fast horn growth. We subjected these model populations to varying harvest rates and 2 different hunting regulations: 4/5 curl and full‐curl definitions of a trophy male. We found that the effect of hunting regulations depends on horn growth rate. In populations with fast horn growth, the effects of trophy hunting on male age structure and horn size were greater and the effect of a change in the definition of legal male smaller than in populations with slow growth rates. High harvest rates led to a younger age structure and smaller horn size. Both effects were weakened by a more restrictive definition of trophy male. As harvest rates increased past 40% of legal males, the number of males harvested increased only marginally because an increasing proportion of the harvested males included those that had just become legal. Although our simulation focused on bighorn sheep, the link between horn growth rate and harvest effects may be applicable for any size‐selective harvest regime. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Motion‐corrected simultaneous cardiac positron emission tomography and coronary MR angiography with high acquisition efficiency
Authors: Munoz Camila , Neji Radhouene , Cruz Gastão , Mallia Andrew , Jeljeli Sami , Reader Andrew J. , Botnar Rene M. , Prieto Claudia 
Published: April 2017

PurposeDevelop a framework for efficient free‐breathing simultaneous whole‐heart coronary magnetic resonance angiography (CMRA) and cardiac positron emission tomography (PET) on a 3 Tesla PET‐MR system.MethodsAn acquisition that enables nonrigid motion correction of both CMRA and PET has been developed. The proposed method estimates translational motion from low‐resolution 2D MR image navigators acquired at each heartbeat and 3D nonrigid respiratory motion between different respiratory bins from the CMRA data itself. Estimated motion is used for correcting the CMRA as well as the emission and attenuation PET data sets to the same respiratory position. The CMRA approach was studied in 10 healthy subjects and compared for both left and right coronary arteries (LCA, RCA) against a reference scan with diaphragmatic navigator gating and tracking. The PET‐CMRA approach was tested in 5 oncology patients with 18F‐FDG myocardial uptake. PET images were compared against uncorrected and gated PET reconstructions.ResultsFor the healthy subjects, no statistically significant differences in vessel length and sharpness (P > 0.01) were observed between the proposed approach and the reference acquisition with navigator gating and tracking, although data acquisition was significantly shorter. The proposed approach improved CMRA vessel sharpness by 37.9% and 49.1% (LCA, RCA) and vessel length by 48.0% and 36.7% (LCA, RCA) in comparison with no motion correction for all the subjects. Motion‐corrected PET images showed improved sharpness of the myocardium compared to uncorrected reconstructions and reduced noise compared to gated reconstructions.ConclusionFeasibility of a new respiratory motion‐compensated simultaneous cardiac PET‐CMRA acquisition has been demonstrated. Magn Reson Med 79:339–350, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Biodegradable Di‐ and Tri‐Block Copolymers Based on Ethylene Carbonate Polymer as Hydrophobic Segment
Authors: Abdul‐Karim Rubina , Musharraf Syed Ghulam , Malik Muhammad Imran 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTSynthesis of novel amphiphilic biodegradable block copolymers based on ethylene carbonate is reported in this study. Polyethylene glycol monomethyl ether (MeO‐PEO) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) of varying molar masses are used as macro‐initiator for ring‐opening polymerization of ethylene carbonate in the presence of sodium stannate trihydrate as a heterogeneous transesterification catalyst. Earlier elution of block copolymer from macro‐initiator in size exclusion chromatography (SEC) indicated the successful synthesis of the block copolymers. Ratios of both types of blocks are varied systematically. Liquid chromatography at critical conditions is used for the analysis of the non‐critical individual blocks, and if there are any critical segments that are not attached to the non‐critical block. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the synthesis of ethylene carbonate‐based amphiphilic block copolymers. Chromatographic critical conditions of the ethylene carbonate polymer are also reported for the first time. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1887–1893
Soft interactions and volume exclusion by polymeric crowders can stabilize or destabilize transient structure in disordered proteins depending on polymer concentration
Authors: Rusinga Farai I. , Weis David D. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe effects of macromolecular crowding on the transient structure of intrinsically disordered proteins is not well‐understood. Crowding by biological molecules inside cells could modulate transient structure and alter IDP function. Volume exclusion theory and observations of structured proteins suggest that IDP transient structure would be stabilized by macromolecular crowding. Amide hydrogen exchange (HX) of IDPs in highly concentrated polymer solutions would provide valuable insights into IDP transient structure under crowded conditions. Here, we have used mass spectrometry to measure HX by a transiently helical random coil domain of the activator of thyroid and retinoid receptor (ACTR) in solutions containing 300 g L−1and 400 g L−1of Ficoll, a synthetic polysaccharide, using a recently‐developed strong cation exchange‐based cleanup method [Rusinga, et al., Anal Chem 2017;89:1275–1282]. Transiently helical regions of ACTR exchanged faster in 300 g L−1Ficoll than in dilute buffer. In contrast, one transient helix exchanged more slowly in 400 g L−1Ficoll. Nonspecific interactions destabilize ACTR helicity in 300 g L−1Ficoll because ACTR engages with the Ficoll polymer mesh. In contrast, 400 g L−1Ficoll is a semi‐dilute solution where ACTR cannot engage the Ficoll mesh. At this higher concentration, volume exclusion stabilizes ACTR helicity because ACTR is compacted in interstitial spaces between Ficoll molecules. Our results suggest that the interplay between nonspecific interactions and volume exclusion in different cellular compartments could modulate IDP function by altering the stability of IDP transient structures. Proteins 2017; 85:1468–1479. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pressure relief valve inspection interval
Authors: Trotta Thiago , Kashou Charles , Faulk Nancy 
Published: April 2017

Determining the correct interval for pressure relief valve inspection, testing, and maintenance remains a major challenge for facilities covered by the U.S. Occupational Safety and Health Administration Process Safety Management Standard. To this end, guidance is provided by API Standard 510, Pressure Vessel Inspection Code: In‐Service Inspection, Rating, Repair, and Alteration, by API Recommended Practice 576, Inspection of Pressure‐relieving Devices, by API Standard 520, Sizing, Selection, and Installation of Pressure‐Relieving Devices, Part II‐Installation, and by NB‐23, National Board Inspection Code—Part 2 Inspection. Furthermore, ASME BPVC, Sections I and VIII, provide general guidelines for the repair of pressure relief valves.However, the testing and inspection interval listed, up to ten years, is the maximum time span between shop inspections and overhaul. Further direction is often requested for determining the proper interval for valves in typical process services, especially in cases of PRV chattering. Recent API STD 520 Part II guidance on performing engineering analyses for PRV installations, based on service and specific installation, is included here.In this paper, a decision‐making approach to determining these intervals based on a combined understanding of risk‐based inspection, quality assurance, engineering analyses, and facility experience is presented. The approach provides process operators and managers with additional assistance in making this determination. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Process Saf Prog 37:37–41, 2018
Oil and gas resources of the Jurassic horizons of West Siberia: The current state and prospects for exploration in the context of the predictions by Academician I.M. Gubkin
Authors: Brekhuntsov A.M. , Nesterov I.I. , Nechiporuk L.A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We have analyzed the predictions of the petroleum potential of West Siberia made by Academician I.M. Gubkin in his public reports and scientific works. We outline the strategy of oil exploration in the area east of the Urals, set up in the early postwar period, and the current state of research into the petroleum potential of the province. Special attention is focused on Jurassic deposits, which were regarded by I.M. Gubkin as oil-promising. At present, the largest volumes of predicted oil and gas resources of the province are concentrated in Jurassic and Neocomian plays.
Thermal maturity of uppermost Middle Jurassic sediments in the West Siberian basin
Authors: Fomin A.N. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
More than 1500 measurements of vitrinite reflectance (Rvt0), along with mathematical modeling and computing, have been used to map the uppermost Middle Jurassic sediments of the West Siberian basin according to thermal maturity (catagenesis). The thermal maturity varies within the grades PC3 to AC2. Sediments are the least mature along the margins of the basin, and the maturity grade increases progressively toward its central and northern parts (grades MC12−MC2). It reaches a maximum in the north (AC2), where the sediments which subsided to large depths became exposed to high temperatures and pressures. The maturity zones of Jurassic sediments in the West Siberian basin form a typical pattern of regional catagenesis.
Geologic prerequisites for high petroleum potential of the northern Siberian Platform
Authors: Starosel’tsev V.S. , Divina T.A. , Krol’ L.A. , Shishkin B.B. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We analyze geologic and geophysical factors enhancing the prerequisites for the high petroleum potential of East Siberia that were formulated by A.A. Trofimuk in 1960. The main updates concern the northern Siberian Platform, where it is indeed possible to significantly increase its petroleum potential and to refine the localization of large and giant, mostly oil accumulations.
Geologic prerequisites for increment of the mineral resources base of the Yurubchen–Kuyumba petroleum production center
Authors: Mel’nikov N.V. , Smirnov E.V. , Maslennikov M.A. , Protsko A.N. , Borovikova L.V. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The Yurubchen–Kuyumba petroleum production center is being formed in the central part of Krasnoyarsk region, in the middle reaches of the Podkamennaya Tunguska River. It comprises the Kamo arch, the most elevated area of the Baikit anteclise, and its slopes. The main hydrocarbon (HC) resources (app. 820 mln tons) occur in the unique Riphean petroleum fields (Yurubchen and Kuyumba) of the Yurubchen–Tokhomo petroleum accumulation zone (YuT PAZ). The first commercial gas inflow was obtained from the Kuyumbinskaya-1 well in 1973, and that of oil from the Kuyumbinskaya-2 and 9 wells, in 1976. The Yurubchen–Tokhomo petropeum accumulation zone was originally established in 1986 under the Complex Plan for Optimization of Regional, Prospecting, and Exploration Works in the Yurubchen–Tokhomo Petroleum Accumulation Zone. Nowadays the main resources and reserves of oil, gas and condensate are located in two petroliferous complexes, Riphean (main) and Vendian (supplementary). The extension, structure, and petroleum potential of the reservoirs of these complexes are discussed in the paper. To facilitate continuation of the prospecting and exploration works of the new oil fields and reservoirs, it is proposed to include the adjacent territories of the YuT PAZ (Omoro PAZ, Vaivida and Taimba petroleum prospects, Turama and Mutorai underexplored prospects) into the Yurubchen–Kuyumba petroleum production center. We propose support of stable annual oil production in the Yurubchen–Kuyumba petroleum production center as the main purpose of the petroleum exploration works.
Discovering charge density functionals and structure-property relationships with PROPhet: A general framework for coupling machine learning and first-principles methods
Authors: Kolb Brian , Lentz Levi C. , Kolpak Alexie M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractModern ab initio methods have rapidly increased our understanding of solid state materials properties, chemical reactions, and the quantum interactions between atoms. However, poor scaling often renders direct ab initio calculations intractable for large or complex systems. There are two obvious avenues through which to remedy this problem: (i) develop new, less expensive methods to calculate system properties, or (ii) make existing methods faster. This paper describes an open source framework designed to pursue both of these avenues. PROPhet (short for PROPerty Prophet) utilizes machine learning techniques to find complex, non-linear mappings between sets of material or system properties. The result is a single code capable of learning analytical potentials, non-linear density functionals, and other structure-property or property-property relationships. These capabilities enable highly accurate mesoscopic simulations, facilitate computation of expensive properties, and enable the development of predictive models for systematic materials design and optimization. This work explores the coupling of machine learning to ab initio methods through means both familiar (e.g., the creation of various potentials and energy functionals) and less familiar (e.g., the creation of density functionals for arbitrary properties), serving both to demonstrate PROPhet’s ability to create exciting post-processing analysis tools and to open the door to improving ab initio methods themselves with these powerful machine learning techniques.
Value of evidence from syndromic surveillance with cumulative evidence from multiple data streams with delayed reporting
Authors: Struchen R. , Vial F. , Andersson M. G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDelayed reporting of health data may hamper the early detection of infectious diseases in surveillance systems. Furthermore, combining multiple data streams, e.g. aiming at improving a system’s sensitivity, can be challenging. In this study, we used a Bayesian framework where the result is presented as the value of evidence, i.e. the likelihood ratio for the evidence under outbreak versus baseline conditions. Based on a historical data set of routinely collected cattle mortality events, we evaluated outbreak detection performance (sensitivity, time to detection, in-control run length) under the Bayesian approach among three scenarios: presence of delayed data reporting, but not accounting for it; presence of delayed data reporting accounted for; and absence of delayed data reporting (i.e. an ideal system). Performance on larger and smaller outbreaks was compared with a classical approach, considering syndromes separately or combined. We found that the Bayesian approach performed better than the classical approach, especially for the smaller outbreaks. Furthermore, the Bayesian approach performed similarly well in the scenario where delayed reporting was accounted for to the scenario where it was absent. We argue that the value of evidence framework may be suitable for surveillance systems with multiple syndromes and delayed reporting of data.
High-Performance Flexible Supercapacitors obtained via Recycled Jute: Bio-Waste to Energy Storage Approach
Authors: Zequine Camila , Ranaweera C. K. , Wang Z. , Dvornic Petar R. , Kahol P. K. , Singh Sweta , Tripathi Prashant , Srivastava O. N. , Singh Satbir , Gupta Bipin Kumar , Gupta Gautam , Gupta Ram K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn search of affordable, flexible, lightweight, efficient and stable supercapacitors, metal oxides have been shown to provide high charge storage capacity but with poor cyclic stability due to structural damage occurring during the redox process. Here, we develop an efficient flexible supercapacitor obtained by carbonizing abundantly available and recyclable jute. The active material was synthesized from jute by a facile hydrothermal method and its electrochemical performance was further enhanced by chemical activation. Specific capacitance of 408 F/g at 1 mV/s using CV and 185 F/g at 500 mA/g using charge-discharge measurements with excellent flexibility (~100% retention in charge storage capacity on bending) were observed. The cyclic stability test confirmed no loss in the charge storage capacity of the electrode even after 5,000 charge-discharge measurements. In addition, a supercapacitor device fabricated using this carbonized jute showed promising specific capacitance of about 51 F/g, and improvement of over 60% in the charge storage capacity on increasing temperature from 5 to 75 °C. Based on these results, we propose that recycled jute should be considered for fabrication of high-performance flexible energy storage devices at extremely low cost.
Therapeutic effects of anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibody on pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in mice
Authors: Fu Li , Liu Keyue , Wake Hidenori , Teshigawara Kiyoshi , Yoshino Tadashi , Takahashi Hideo , Mori Shuji , Nishibori Masahiro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInflammatory processes in brain tissue have been described in human epilepsy of various etiologies and in experimental models of seizures. High mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is now recognized as representative of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In the present study, we focused on whether anti-HMGB1 antibody treatment could relieve status epilepticus- triggered BBB breakdown and inflammation response in addition to the seizure behavior itself. Pilocarpine and methyl-scopolamine were used to establish the acute seizure model. Anti-HMGB1 mAb showed inhibitory effects on leakage of the BBB, and on the HMGB1 translocation induced by pilocarpine. The expression of inflammation-related factors, such as MCP-1, CXCL-1, TLR-4, and IL-6 in hippocampus and cerebral cortex were down-regulated by anti-HMGB1 mAb associated with the number of activated astrocytes, microglial cells as well as the expression of IL-1β. Both hematoxylin & eosin and TUNEL staining showed that the apoptotic cells could be reduced after anti-HMGB1 mAb treatment. The onset and latency of Racine stage five were significantly prolonged in the anti-HMGB1 mAb group. These results suggested that anti-HMGB1 mAb prevented the BBB permeability, reduced HMGB1 translocation while inhibiting the expression of inflammation-related factors, protected against neural cell apoptosis and prolonged Racine stage 5 seizure onset and latency.