bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La restauration autoritaire au prisme des instruments de propagande. Le cas de l’agence Tunis Afrique Presse (TAP)
Authors: Klaus Enrique 
Published: October 2017

Cette étude de cas se saisit de manière critique de la question de la restauration autoritaire à travers un prisme inédit, celui de l’agence de presse responsable de la production et de la diffusion de la propagande de l’ancien régime en Tunisie, l’agence Tunis Afrique Presse (TAP). À travers cet objet, elle montre qu’un tel phénomène est le produit d’un processus erratique dynamisé par des logiques contradictoires, voire paradoxales, héritées du passé mais aussi produites des contingences et des opportunités qu’offre la conjoncture fluide dans laquelle elle se trouve enchâssée. Après un court détour historique sur l’évolution de cette institution médiatique sous l’ancien régime, l’article se focalise sur la « logique de situation » et son enchaînement séquentiel qui mène à la restauration, notamment la situation révolutionnaire telle que celle-ci a été vécue au sein de la TAP et la période post-Ben Ali.
La répression des autres : mobilisations et démobilisations dans les universités égyptiennes au lendemain du 3 juillet 2013
Authors: Ramzy Farah 
Published: October 2017

Cet article construit une histoire parallèle de la contestation étudiante égyptienne après 2013. Outre la remise en question de la lecture dominante, selon laquelle les universités ne seraient que le dernier « champ de bataille » dans la guerre entre les Frères musulmans (FM) et le régime d’Al-Sissi, il examine les ressorts de l’action de groupes étudiants qui sont en concurrence avec les FM tout en s’opposant aux pratiques répressives du régime. L’historicité du mouvement étudiant et le renouveau de ses mobilisations après le soulèvement du 25 janvier 2011 permettent de saisir le processus de constitution de ce « milieu étudiant contestataire non-FM » afin de comprendre, par la suite, comment ces acteurs construisent des possibilités d’action collective à partir des effets induits par la répression de leurs rivaux.
Ceci n’est pas un sorcier. De l’effet Magritte en sorcellerie
Authors: Warnier Jean-Pierre 
Published: October 2017

Depuis les années 1990, la sorcellerie en Afrique fait l’objet d’une déferlante de publications. Ne donne-t-elle pas une caution universitaire à ce qu’elle prétend déconstruire ? Parle-t-on de discours génériques sur la sorcellerie ? D’histoires de seconde main colportées à l’envi ? Ou de crises paroxystiques empiriquement saisissables ? La confusion qui règne n’exige-t-elle pas débat et clarification tant du point de vue scientifique que déontologique ?
La reconfiguration du pluralisme de l’information opérée par les réseaux socionumériques
Authors: Compagno Dario , Mercier Arnaud , Mésangeau Julien , Chelghoum Kamel 
Published: October 2017

En offrant à ses usagers la possibilité de partager librement des contenus d’actualité depuis leur fil d’actualité ou depuis les sites d’information, Twitter contribue à reconfigurer l’équilibre des contenus offerts. Via notre étude sur le partage des articles journalistiques français, nous sommes capables de caractériser de manière globale une tendance majeure de cette reconfiguration : l’offre d’information perd son pluralisme originaire pour se concentrer sur un nombre très restreint de médias. Le passage à travers Twitter permet aux médias qui ont une plus forte réputation et identité de prendre une place majeure dans la structure des partages. Néanmoins, cet effet n’est pas dû exclusivement à la productivité du média (nombre d’articles mis en ligne) et à son stock d’audience acquise (nombre de visites quotidiennes sur son site). Dès lors, pour mieux comprendre tous les facteurs explicatifs de ce phénomène, nous proposons d’analyser les logiques relationnelles des partages sur le réseau socionumérique.
Le guide d’analyse d’impact budgétaire de la HAS : un nouvel outil d’aide à la décision
Authors: Ghabri Salah , Poullié Anne-Isabelle , Autin Erwan , Josselin Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2017

Introduction : L’analyse d’impact budgétaire (AIB) est une approche économique destinée à estimer, sur un horizon temporel à court et à moyen terme, les conséquences budgétaires annuelles de l’adoption d’une intervention de santé. Objectif : L’objectif de cet article est de présenter les principaux enseignements du premier guide de la Haute Autorité de santé (HAS) sur les choix méthodologiques pour la conduite d’une AIB, en synthétisant ses enjeux, recommandations et perspectives. Méthodes : L’identification des choix méthodologiques relatifs à la conduite d’une AIB a été fondée sur une recherche documentaire portant sur la période comprise entre janvier 2000 et juin 2016, une étude-pilote rétrospective portant sur les AIB soumises à la HAS de novembre 2011 à juin 2015, une consultation publique et une relecture d’experts internationaux. Les recommandations formulées ont été approuvées par la Commission d’évaluation économique et de santé publique (CEESP) et le Collège de la HAS. Résultats : Le guide méthodologique propose une définition opérationnelle de l’AIB, les principales différences entre une AIB et une étude coût-efficacité/utilité et des recommandations sur les choix structurants suivants : la perspective, les populations, l’horizon temporel, les scénarios comparés, les modèles d’AIB, les coûts, l’actualisation, le choix des données cliniques, la présentation des résultats d’une AIB et l’exploration de l’incertitude. Conclusion : L’AIB complète l’usage de l’analyse coût-efficacité/utilité et renforce l’importance de l’évaluation économique des interventions de santé en France. Le guide ouvre également des perspectives de recherches complémentaires sur l’articulation entre l’analyse coût-efficacité/utilité, l’AIB et l’équité dans l’accès aux soins.
Noninvasive, High-Resolution Functional Macular Imaging in Subjects With Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Campagnoli Thalmon R. , Somfai Gábor Márk , Tian Jing , DeBuc Delia Cabrera , Smiddy William E. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
Several imaging modalities have been developed to characterize ischemia inherent in retinal vascular diseases. This study aims to predict the impact and to better establish the mechanisms of visual deterioration. A high-resolution functional imaging device is used, yielding quantitative data for macular blood flow and capillary network features in healthy eyes and in eyes with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) or branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
This prospective, cross-sectional, comparative case series measured blood flow velocities (BFVs) and noninvasive capillary perfusion maps (nCPMs) in macular vessels in patients with BRVO/CRVO and in healthy controls using the Retinal Function Imager (RFI; Optical Imaging, Rehovot, Israel).

RESULTS:

Twenty-two eyes of 21 subjects were studied (eight with CRVO, five with BRVO, and nine controls). A significant decrease was observed in the BFVs of both arterioles and venules in the affected macular region of patients with CRVO and BRVO (2.84 ± 1.21 mm/s and 2.67 ± 1.43 mm/s in CRVO/BRVO arterioles, respectively, vs. 4.23 ± 1.04 mm/s in healthy controls,
P
< .001; and 1.64 ± 0.51 mm/s and 1.60 ± 0.41 mm/s in CRVO/BRVO venules, respectively, vs. 2.88 ± 0.93 mm/s in healthy controls,
P
< .001). BFVs in non-affected macular regions of patients with BRVO were not statistically different from BFVs in healthy eyes (3.84 ± 1.04 mm/s and 3.17 ± 1.39 mm/s in BRVO patients vs. 4.23 ± 1.04 mm/s and 2.88 ± 0.93 mm/s in healthy controls' arterioles and venules, respectively;
P
≥ .1). nCPMs allowed high-resolution imaging of the macular vasculature and successfully demonstrated ischemic areas in the RVO groups.

CONCLUSIONS:

The RFI provided high-resolution functional imaging of the retinal microvasculature and enabled quantitative measurement of BFVs in patients with RVO. Diminished flow velocity in arterioles and venules raises the possibility that RVO represents a panvascular compromise not confined to just venous stasis or its secondary arteriolar effects. The RFI offers potential to help with diagnosis and management of RVO cases.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:799–809.]
Developing and Institutionalising Supply Chain Management Procedures: A Case Study of the Eastern Cape Dept of Roads and Public Works
Authors: Dlova Vukile , Nzewi Ogochukwu 
Published: October 2017

This article presents findings from a case study research in the Eastern Cape Department of Roads and Public Works. It systematically investigates why public institutions fail to implement their Supply Change Management (SCM) policies and procedures. The article provides a clear context for the researchand explains why policies and procedures are vital for organisations. It also illustrateshow policies and procedures are a meansto effective supply chain systems and describes the research method, population and sample. Findings based on the set outcriteria for good institutionalisation of policies and procedures showed that although SCM policies and procedures areprovided to employees and they were aware of the existence of theseinstruments, there was very little participation of employees in the development and review of these policies. Based on the findings of the research, a key recommendation is that practitioners, are involved in the day to day implementation of the SCM process in public institutions, should also be involved in the development processes of SCM policies and procedures. The research also argues that for public institutions to be effective and efficient, clear departmental guidelines should be simple and straight forward language should be used so as to avoid different interpretations by implementers. These two critical points will contribute to the effective and efficient development and institutionalization of SCM policies and procedures in government institutions.
Comparative Study of Effect of Diclofenac Alone vs Diclofenac with Ultrasound Therapy in Patients with Inferior Heel Pain using Pedography
Authors: Sumalatha Kudremukh B , Sardana Ramita , Singh Upinder P , Handa Gita , Yadav Shiv L , Sreenivas Vishnu 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Objectives
To study the additional benefits of ultrasonography in patients with inferior heel pain treated with diclofenac for foot pressure profile and pain.

Materials and methods
This was a randomized experimental trial. Comparison of the efficacy of two treatment modalities (diclofenac alone vs diclofenac with ultrasound therapy) with respect to pressure profiles using pedography and a visual analog scale (VAS) was carried out. Twenty-three patients with unilateral inferior heel pain were considered subjects. The main outcome measures were foot pressure profile using pedography and pain severity using VAS.

Results
In the diclofenac alone group, it was observed that there was significant decrease in pain score posttreatment. The rest of the parameters did not show any significant change. In the diclofenac and ultrasound group, a statistically significant increase in the rear foot pressure area and decrease in the VAS score posttreatment was observed. Changes in the rest of the parameters were not significant. Comparison of the difference between the two treatment modalities with respect to pressure areas and VAS scale for pain showed no significant change statistically.

Conclusion
Ultrasound therapy shows some increase in the ability to take more rear foot pressure while walking, but it does not have any other added benefit over diclofenac in treating inferior heel pain with respect to pressure profile and pain.

How to cite this article
Sumalatha KB, Sardana R, Singh UP, Handa G, Yadav SL, Sreenivas V. Comparative Study of Effect of Diclofenac Alone vs. Diclofenac with Ultrasound Therapy in Patients with Inferior Heel Pain using Pedography. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(2):53-58.
Comparative Evaluation of Awareness among Armed Forces Personnel in Respect of Special Provisions and Benefits Applicable to Children with Disabilities
Authors: Roy Chayanika , Roy Partha 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Mental retardation ranges from the borderline to mild to very severe. Fortunately, the majority (80%) are in the mild range that endows the individual the capacity to lead a simple, yet fruitful life once provided with a means that are conducive to their learning styles. Children with a more severe disorder can achieve remarkably if their unique talents are recognized and nurtured to the fullest.

Aim
We conducted a study among armed forces personnel in a large city in Maharashtra. This community has many peculiar and special features. They are from different ethnic, religious, and linguistic backgrounds and live together as a cohesive unit. The general socioeconomic and educational awareness toward facilities and concessions available for the differently abled children is assumed to be high.

Materials and methods
Detailed interaction with 27 parents having special children was conducted and further data were collected. Each parent was individually interviewed. This group was named parents having differently abled children (PHDAC). Group discussions consisting of 15 families in one group that had no special children in the family were conducted. A total of such eight groups (120 families) were, thus, interviewed. This group was named parents having normal children (PHNC). Each family was verbally questioned regarding the facilities available to special children thoroughly and responses were recorded.

Results and discussion
Overall, it was found that among the PHDAC, the awareness was much better, but some were circumspect of the facilities provided for their wards by the land of the law. Most of them felt that the benefits coming to them were due to their service with the Army. The PHNC were not aware of most of the provisions. However, during the interactions with the researcher, they evinced interest in the matter and were happy to know that special provisions are existent in various Government sectors for special children.

How to cite this article
Roy C, Roy P. Comparative Evaluation of Awareness among Armed Forces Personnel in Respect of Special Provisions and Benefits Applicable to Children with Disabilities. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(2):64-68.
Tetraplegia: Beyond Neuromuscular Respiratory Dysfunction
Authors: Meghaja Sebastian 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
In developing countries like India, tuberculosis (TB) is responsible for 30 to 80% of all pleural effusions encountered and may complicate TB in 31% of all cases. Among the extrapulmonary presentations, pleural TB is second in frequency after tubercular lymphadenitis. Here, we present the case of a 46-yearold lady with high-level spinal cord injury (SCI), who came to the outpatient department for regular follow-up. She had no specific complaints; however, respiratory system examination revealed decreased breath sounds and on further probing, patient revealed that she had mild breathlessness of 2-day duration. She had no history of contact with TB. On evaluation, she had left-sided pleural effusion; pleural tap was done, which showed increased number of cells with lymphocytosis and mildly elevated adenosine deaminase (ADA). The diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB was made and anti-TB therapy (ATT) (direct observation of drug intake (DOTS) category 1) was started.

Conclusion
Tuberculosis is a common infection in a developing country like India. All cases of breathlessness in a tetraplegic are not due to neuromuscular respiratory dysfunction.

How to cite this article
Meghaja S. Tetraplegia: Beyond Neuromuscular Respiratory Dysfunction. Indian J Phy Med Rehab 2017;28(2):69-70.
Risk management perspective for climate service development – Results from a study on Finnish organizations
Authors: Harjanne Atte , Haavisto Riina , Tuomenvirta Heikki , Gregow Hilppa 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Weather, climate and climate change can cause significant risks to businesses and public administration. However, understanding these processes can also create opportunities. Information can help to manage these risks and opportunities, but in order to do so, it must be in line with how risk management and decision making works. To better understand how climate risks and opportunities are reflected in different organizational processes and what types of information is needed and used, we conducted a study on the perceptions and management of weather and climate risks in Finnish organizations and on their use of weather and climate information. In addition, we collected feedback on how the existing climate information tools should be developed. Data on climate risk management was collected in an online survey and in one full-day workshop. The survey was aimed to the Finnish public and private organizations who use weather and climate data and altogether 118 responses were collected. The workshop consisted of two parts: weather and climate risk management processes in general and the development of the current information tools to further address user needs.We found that climate risk management in organizations is quite diverse and often de-centralized and that external experts are considered the most useful sources of information. Consequently, users emphasize the need for networks of expertise and sector-specific information tools. Creating such services requires input and information sharing from the user side as well. Better temporal and spatial accuracy is naturally asked for, but users also stressed the need for transparency when it comes to communicating uncertainties, and the availability and up-to-datedness of information. Our results illustrate that weather and climate risks compete and blend in with other risks and changes perceived by the organizations and supporting information is sought from different types of sources. Thus the design and evaluation of climate services should take into account the context of existing and developing processes in organizational risk management.
Does δ18O of O2 record meridional shifts in tropical rainfall?
Authors: Seltzer Alan M. , Buizert Christo , Baggenstos Daniel , Brook Edward J. , Ahn Jinho , Yang Ji-Woong , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Marine sediments, speleothems, paleo-lake elevations, and ice core methane and δ18O of O2 (δ18Oatm) records provide ample evidence for repeated abrupt meridional shifts in tropical rainfall belts throughout the last glacial cycle. To improve understanding of the impact of abrupt events on the global terrestrial biosphere, we present composite records of δ18Oatm and inferred changes in fractionation by the global terrestrial biosphere (ΔεLAND) from discrete gas measurements in the WAIS Divide (WD) and Siple Dome (SD) Antarctic ice cores. On the common WD timescale, it is evident that maxima in ΔεLAND are synchronous with or shortly follow small-amplitude WD CH4 peaks that occur within Heinrich stadials 1, 2, 4, and 5 – periods of low atmospheric CH4 concentrations. These local CH4 maxima have been suggested as markers of abrupt climate responses to Heinrich events. Based on our analysis of the modern seasonal cycle of gross primary productivity (GPP)-weighted δ18O of terrestrial precipitation (the source water for atmospheric O2 production), we propose a simple mechanism by which ΔεLAND tracks the centroid latitude of terrestrial oxygen production. As intense rainfall and oxygen production migrate northward, ΔεLAND should decrease due to the underlying meridional gradient in rainfall δ18O. A southward shift should increase ΔεLAND. Monsoon intensity also influences δ18O of precipitation, and although we cannot determine the relative contributions of the two mechanisms, both act in the same direction. Therefore, we suggest that abrupt increases in ΔεLAND unambiguously imply a southward shift of tropical rainfall. The exact magnitude of this shift, however, remains under-constrained by ΔεLAND.
The Ethical Implications of the Kafala System
Authors: Nelson Joshua 
Published: October 2017

Despite regional and culture differences, Persian Gulf countries such as Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia are bound together by their use of the kafala system. Established in the 1930s, the kafala system came from the Bedouin custom of providing foreigners protection, or in some cases, affiliation with a tribe when passing through controlled territory. It was described by Azfar Khan of the International Labour Organization in The Guardian as “the best tradition of Arab hospitality,” a high compliment in a culture characterized by generous people and traditions. However, the current incarnation of the kafala system is a bastardization of previous forms, replacing generosity with greed, and honesty with deceit.
Influence and the New American Revolution
Authors: Sharma Raghav 
Published: October 2017

Contemporary political discourse in the United States is rife with ideas on how our society can change and reform — in particular, issues such as campaign finance reform, income inequality, and the use and control of firearms are in need of a comprehensive response that is attentive to the needs and will of the American people. Sadly, the relationship between the American people and our government is currently in a dismal state. This relationship between the people and the government has become unbalanced and unfair, reducing the likelihood of change and deterring individuals from believing in their ability to influence such reform. The need to understand our capacity to effect change, though, is absolutely necessary. The issues facing the American government at this time are as numerous as they are serious, but ideas and proposals are coming forward with the potential to rebalance this relationship. More importantly, they have the potential to usher in a new American Revolution that makes good on the democratic promise of a government for, of and by the people.
Unscientific Methods: Reinvigorating Objectivity in Politics
Authors: Lieberman Alyssa 
Published: October 2017

Finding a place for objective science within the realm of American politics has become increasingly difficult because the effective use of rhetoric can often obscure facts. Both Republicans and Democrats are guilty of pushing scientific recommendations to the wayside when it suits their political needs. But, to fulfill their obligation to protect the American people and further American progress, politicians must stop interpreting hard scientific facts as it suits their political needs. They must begin to thoughtfully translate scientific data into legislation and policies so that pertinent topics can be addressed and the true needs of the American people can be met. The honest evaluation of this data is a formidable and seemingly unrealistic goal but, if nothing else, a moral standard must be enforced for publicly elected officials to serve in the best interest of the American people.
The 1918 Spanish Influenza: Three Months of Horror in Philadelphia
Authors: Stetler Christina M. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
In the fall of 1918, the world came to a virtual standstill while Spanish influenza raged. In the United States, no other city suffered more than Philadelphia. The virus entered via the Philadelphia Navy Yard, arriving on a ship from Boston. As soldiers fell victim to the virus, city authorities believed the outbreak was under control and continued with plans to kick off the Fourth Liberty Loan drive with a parade September 28. After 200,000 people jammed the parade route, the virus exploded in the civilian population. For three months, hundreds of thousands of Philadelphians battled the virus, which, at the end, took over 13,000 lives. Schools, churches, saloons, and theaters closed, thirty-two emergency hospitals opened, and burying the dead became almost impossible. By November, the disease receded, and while the flu continued into the spring, its virulence decreased. As quickly and deadly as it struck Philadelphia, the influenza epidemic receded from collective memory and, largely forgotten, is barely mentioned in discussions of World War I.