bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lethal and sublethal effects of aniline and chlorinated anilines on zebrafish embryos and larvae
Authors: Horie Yoshifumi , Yamagishi Takahiro , Koshio Masaaki , Iguchi Taisen , Tatarazako Norihisa 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEnvironmental risk assessments show increased attention to the sublethal effects of chemicals on aquatic organisms. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) established the “Fish, Short‐term Toxicity Test on Embryo and Sac‐fry Stages” (OECD test 212) to predict lethal effects. It is still unclear, however, whether this test can predict sublethal effects. Although their sublethal effects are still unknown, chlorinated anilines are widely used in various fields. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to investigate sublethal effects of chlorinated anilines using OECD test 212 with zebrafish, and to examine the correlation of several sublethal effects between embryo and larval stages. Embryos were exposed to aniline and nine chlorinated anilines until 8 days post‐fertilization. A delayed lethal effect was observed from three of the 10 anilines tested. In the control group, the swim bladder inflated after hatching, but there was no swim‐bladder inflation after exposure to the chlorinated anilines. Fertilized eggs exposed to lower concentrations of test chemicals showed effects during embryogenesis that did not affect mortality rates, such as changes in body curvature and edema. Our results show that chlorinated anilines induce not only lethal effects but also a variety of sublethal effects. Moreover, a detailed estimate of these effects requires study during both embryonic and larval stages. OECD test 212 may therefore prove useful as a method for screening chemicals for lethal and sublethal effects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Glaucarubulone glucoside from Castela macrophylla suppresses MCF‐7 breast cancer cell growth and attenuates benzo[a]pyrene‐mediated CYP1A gene induction
Authors: Badal Simone A. M. , Asuncion Valenzuela Malyn M. , Zylstra Dain , Huang George , Vendantam Pallavi , Francis Sheena , Quitugua Ashley , Amis Louisa H. , Davis Willie , Tzeng Tzuen‐Rong J. , Jacobs Helen , Gangemi David J. , Raner Greg , Rowland Leah , Wooten Jonathan , Campbell Petreena , Brantley Eileen , Delgoda Rupika 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuassinoids often exhibit antioxidant and antiproliferative activity. Emerging evidence suggests that these natural metabolites also display chemopreventive actions. In this study, we investigated the potential for the quassinoid glaucarubulone glucoside (Gg), isolated from the endemic Jamaican plant Castela macrophylla (Simaroubaceae), to display potent cytotoxicity and inhibit human cytochrome P450s (CYPs), particularly CYP1A enzymes, known to convert polyaromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic metabolites. Gg reduced the viability of MCF‐7 breast adenocarcinoma cells (IC50 = 121 nm) to a greater extent than standard of care anticancer agents 5‐fluorouracil, tamoxifen (IC50 >10 μm) and the tamoxifen metabolite 4‐hydroxytamoxifen (IC50 = 2.6 μm), yet was not cytotoxic to non‐tumorigenic MCF‐10A breast epithelial cells. Additionally, Gg induced MCF‐7 breast cancer cell death. Gg blocked increases in reactive oxygen species in MCF‐10A cells mediated by the polyaromatic hydrocarbon benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) metabolite B[a]P 1,6‐quinone, yet downregulated the expression of genes that promote antioxidant activity in MCF‐7 cells. This implies that Gg exhibits antioxidant and cytoprotective actions in non‐tumorigenic breast epithelial cells and pro‐oxidant, cytotoxic actions in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, Gg inhibited the activities of human CYP1A according to non‐competitive kinetics and attenuated the ability of B[a]P to induce CYP1A gene expression in MCF‐7 cells. These data indicate that Gg selectively suppresses MCF‐7 breast cancer cell growth without impacting non‐tumorigenic breast epithelial cells and blocks B[a]P‐mediated CYP1A induction. Taken together, our data provide a rationale for further investigations of Gg and similar plant isolates as potential agents to treat and prevent breast cancer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of oxygen concentration on the extracellular matrix production of human nucleus pulposus cells during isolation‐expansion process
Authors: Yang Shu‐Hua , Hu Ming‐Hsiao , Lo Wan‐Yu , Sun Yuan‐Hui , Wu Chang‐Chin , Yang Kai‐Chiang 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNucleus pulposus (NP) cells locate in the center of avascular intervertebral discs, and thus have presumably adapted to a hypoxic environment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of hypoxic condition, during isolation‐expansion of human NP cells, on the cellular proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis in later three‐dimensional cultures. Human NP tissues were obtained from patients who underwent lumbar disc surgeries. Immediately after retrieval, NP tissues from each patient were divided into two aliquots for in vitro cultivation either under classical normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (3.5% O2) condition. After isolation‐expansion processes, microtissues of NP cells were formed and the analysis was performed after one‐week culture. Experiments of pretreatment with TGF‐β1 or lovastatin were designed to investigate if the isolation‐expansion conditions affect the responsiveness to later exogenous treatments. Hypoxic isolation‐expansion stimulated NP cell proliferation during monolayer culture. Hypoxia also upregulated mRNA levels of SOX9 and HIF‐1α but downregulated type X collagen as well as improved aggrecan and type II collagen synthesis. Although TGF‐β1 had no substantial effect, lovastatin pretreatment showed a greater enhancement on type II collagen expression in hypoxic group. Normoxia negatively affected the biochemical composition of regenerated ECM attributable to downregulation of SOX9 and HIF‐1α, while hypoxia enhanced cellular proliferation, improved matrix production, and maintained a functional phenotype of NP cells. Hypoxic isolation‐expansion of human NP cells is important to achieve better regenerative cells for later cultivation or cell transplantation. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 1575–1582, 2017.
Evaluation of gas–liquid mass transfer in gas‐induced stirred tank reactor using electrical resistance tomography
Authors: Abdullah Bawadi , Adesina Adesoji A 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDA gas‐entrainment impeller is attractive for multiphase reactive systems such as Fischer–Tropsch reaction and deep liquid‐phase oxidation of organics with the possibility of low gas conversion per pass, enhancement of mixing performance and better inter‐phase mass transfer compared with conventional impellers.RESULTSTomograms obtained from ERT measurement reveal that the conductivity of a gas–water system changes as a function of impeller Reynolds number, ReI. The global gas holdup profile behaviour with ReI exhibited a sigmoid character which was adequately captured by ϵG = ϵG,0 + ϵG,max(1 − exp(−τglReI)). The parity plot showed strong linearity between model predicted and experimental data. The radial gas holdup profiles showed an upward parabolic trend with higher gas holdup values for gas‐entrainment impeller systems than the conventional 4‐blade impeller. To assess the efficiency of power consumption, the mass transfer coefficient, kLa, for a gas–liquid system in a stirred tank reactor was correlated as a function of dimensionless combination of power number and gas holdup; where α is the bubble collision frequency (s−1) and β is the gas‐inducing enhancement factor.CONCLUSIONThree different regimes of volumetric mass transfer coefficient were identified in the stirred tank reactor for each case. Overall, the combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses of ERT along with dissolved oxygen concentration permitted an insightful analysis of the self‐gas inducing impeller as a superior mixing technology for potential industrial applications involving gas–liquid operations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Mean‐strain 10‐node tetrahedron with energy‐sampling stabilization for nonlinear deformation
Authors: Pakravan A. , Krysl P. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryA mean‐strain 10‐node tetrahedral element is developed for the solution of geometrically nonlinear solid mechanics problems using the concept of energy‐sampling stabilization. A uniform‐strain tetrahedron for applications to linear elasticity was recently described. The formulation as extended here is able to solve large‐strain hyperelasticity. The present 10‐node tetrahedron is composed of several four‐node linear tetrahedral elements, four tetrahedra in the corners, and four tetrahedra that tile the central octahedron in three possible sets of four‐node tetrahedra, corresponding to three different choices for the internal diagonal. We formulate a mean‐strain element with stabilization energy evaluated on the four corner tetrahedra, which is shown to guarantee consistency and stability. The stabilization energy is expressed through a stored‐energy function, and contact with input parameters in the small‐strain regime is made. The neo‐Hookean model is used to formulate the stabilization energy. As for small‐strain elasticity, the stabilization parameters are determined by actual material properties and geometry of a tetrahedra without any user input. The numerical tests demonstrate that the present element performs well for solid, shell, and nearly incompressible structures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stochastic maximum principle for processes driven by G‐Brownian motion and applications to finance
Authors: Sun Zhongyang , Zhang Xin , Guo Junyi 
Published: January 2017

SummaryOn the basis of the theory of stochastic differential equations on a sublinear expectation space
, we develop a stochastic maximum principle for a general stochastic optimal control problem, where the controlled state process is a stochastic differential equation driven by G‐Brownian motion. Furthermore, under some convexity assumptions, we obtain sufficient conditions for the optimality of the maximum in terms of the
‐function. Finally, applications of the stochastic maximum principle to the mean‐variance portfolio selection problem in the financial market with ambiguous volatility is discussed.
Prenatal genetic diagnosis of Costello syndrome in a male fetus with recurrent HRAS mutation p.Gly12Ser
Authors: Hague Jennifer , Hackett Gerald , Acerini Carlo , Park Soo‐Mi 
Published: January 2017

What's Already Known About This Topic?Costello syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder, which is usually diagnosed by postnatal findings including macrosomia, significant failure to thrive, developmental and intellectual disability, coarse facial features, cardiac and skin abnormalities and short stature as well as a susceptibility to childhood and adult malignancy. Prenatal genetic diagnosis of this condition is very rare, and the diagnosis is most commonly established in childhood.What Does This Study Add?We report a case of a prenatal molecular confirmation of Costello syndrome in the second trimester of pregnancy. The clinical diagnosis was first suspected on fetal ultrasonographic features including unilateral ventriculomegaly, polyhydramnios, macrocephaly and macrosomia with relatively shortened long bones.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in the medical literature of prenatal diagnosis of Costello syndrome involving the recurrent HRAS missense mutation p.Gly12Ser. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photopolymerization kinetics in and of self‐assembling lyotropic liquid crystal templates
Authors: Worthington Kristan S. , Baguenard Céline , Forney Bradley S. , Guymon C. Allan 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPhotopolymerization in and of lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) template phases shows great promise for generating nanostructure in organic polymers. Interestingly, the order imposed on the polymerization system in LLCs significantly alters polymerization kinetics. The rate of polymerization of hydrophilic monomers increases with increasing LLC order, primarily due to monomer/polymer association with surfactant and the resulting decrease of growing polymer chain diffusion. Conversely, as LLC order increases, hydrophobic monomers become less segregated as nonpolar volume increases, which decreases polymerization rate. The efficiency of initiators is also dependent on LLC template order, further contributing to polymerization rate changes. When reactive surfactants are used, LLC mesophase, location of reactive group, and aliphatic tail length also affect polymerization kinetics. Overall, these photopolymerization kinetics directly relate to the segregation behavior and local order of reactive groups and thus can be used to probe nanostructure evolution, facilitating understanding and control of ultimate polymer nanostructure. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017, 55, 471–489
Host differentiation and variability of Orobanche crenata populations from legume species in Morocco as revealed by cross‐infestation and molecular analysis
Authors: Ennami Mounia , Briache Fatima Zahra , Gaboun Fatima , Abdelwahd Rabha , Ghaouti Lamiae , Belqadi Loubna , Westwood James , Mentag Rachid 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDOrobanche crenata represents a major biotic constraint to production of faba bean and lentil in Morocco. While this parasitic plant attacks both of these crops, the extent to which Orobanche biotypes specialise in parasitising specific crops is unknown. To address this question, we studied O. crenata that grew on different hosts and quantified their host specificity to faba bean and lentil. The virulence of O. crenata populations on each host was investigated through field trials, pot and Petri dishes assays. Genetic diversity of the parasite populations was also assessed through molecular analyses.RESULTSThe two legume species showed distinct patterns of specificity. Faba bean was more susceptible to both O. crenata populations, while the specificity for lentil by lentil‐grown O. crenata was evident at the final stage of the parasite life cycle as shown by correspondence factorial analyses. Considerable internal variation (81%) within O. crenata populations parasitising both legume species was observed by molecular analyses, but significant divergence (19%; Ø = 0.189; P = 0.010) among the populations was detected.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that O. crenata can adapt to specific host species, which is important knowledge when developing integrated pest management practices for parasitic weed control. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Evolution of imidacloprid resistance in Myzus persicae in Greece and susceptibility data for spirotetramat
Authors: Voudouris Costas Ch , Williamson Martin S , Skouras Panagiotis J , Kati Amalia N , Sahinoglou Anastasia J , Margaritopoulos John T 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDMyzus persicae s.l. is a major crop pest globally and has evolved resistance to a range of insecticide classes making it increasingly difficult to control in some areas. Here we compare bioassay monitoring data for two important compounds, imidacloprid and spirotetramat, on field samples/clones collected in Greece.RESULTSA total of 122 aphid samples/clones from central and northern Greece were examined in dose–response bioassays with imidacloprid. There was an overall increase in the level of resistance (resistance factor = 15–40) within tobacco‐collected samples from 78.7% in 2007 to 86.7% in 2015. The corresponding frequencies for peach samples were 13.3% and 6.7%. These results were confounded however by the first identification of the R81T target mutation in Greece during 2015 (4.3% as heterozygotes in peach) and 2016 (21.3% as heterozygotes in peach). No resistance to spirotetramat was found at the 60 clones collected in 2015.CONCLUSIONResistance to imidacloprid is continuing to increase within Greek M. persicae s.l. populations and the situation is likely to deteriorate further with the recent identification of the R81T resistance mutation. Resistance to spirotetramat has not been found and is therefore a good alternative to neonicotinoids for resistance management. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Investigating the effect of design patterns on energy consumption
Authors: Feitosa Daniel , Alders Rutger , Ampatzoglou Apostolos , Avgeriou Paris , Nakagawa Elisa Yumi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGang of Four (GoF) patterns are well‐known best practices for the design of object‐oriented systems. In this paper, we aim at empirically assessing their relationship to energy consumption, ie, a performance indicator that has recently attracted the attention of both researchers and practitioners. To achieve this goal, we investigate pattern‐participating methods (ie, those that play a role within the pattern) and compare their energy consumption to the consumption of functionally equivalent alternative (nonpattern) solutions. We obtained the alternative solution by refactoring the pattern instances using well‐known transformations (eg, replace polymorphism with conditional statements). The comparison is performed on 169 methods of 2 GoF patterns (namely, State/Strategy and Template Method), retrieved from 2 well‐known open source projects. The results suggest that for the majority of cases the alternative design excels in terms of energy consumption. However, in some cases (eg, when the method is large in size or invokes many methods) the pattern solution presents similar or lower energy consumption. The outcome of our study can be useful to both researchers and practitioners, because we: (1) provide evidence on a possible negative effect of GoF patterns, and (2) can provide guidance on which cases the use of the pattern is not hurting energy consumption.
Feasibility of common bibliometrics in evaluating translational science
Authors: Schneider M. , Kane C. M. , Rainwater J. , Guerrero L. , Tong G. , Desai S. R. , Trochim W. 
Published: January 2017

IntroductionA pilot study by 6 Clinical and Translational Science Awards (CTSAs) explored how bibliometrics can be used to assess research influence.MethodsEvaluators from 6 institutions shared data on publications (4202 total) they supported, and conducted a combined analysis with state-of-the-art tools. This paper presents selected results based on the tools from 2 widely used vendors for bibliometrics: Thomson Reuters and Elsevier.ResultsBoth vendors located a high percentage of publications within their proprietary databases (>90%) and provided similar but not equivalent bibliometrics for estimating productivity (number of publications) and influence (citation rates, percentage of papers in the top 10% of citations, observed citations relative to expected citations). A recently available bibliometric from the National Institutes of Health Office of Portfolio Analysis, examined after the initial analysis, showed tremendous potential for use in the CTSA context.ConclusionDespite challenges in making cross-CTSA comparisons, bibliometrics can enhance our understanding of the value of CTSA-supported clinical and translational research.
Deep learning in fluid dynamics
Authors: Kutz J. Nathan 
Published: January 2017

It was only a matter of time before deep neural networks (DNNs) – deep learning – made their mark in turbulence modelling, or more broadly, in the general area of high-dimensional, complex dynamical systems. In the last decade, DNNs have become a dominant data mining tool for big data applications. Although neural networks have been applied previously to complex fluid flows, the article featured here (Ling et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 807, 2016, pp. 155–166) is the first to apply a true DNN architecture, specifically to Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes turbulence models. As one often expects with modern DNNs, performance gains are achieved over competing state-of-the-art methods, suggesting that DNNs may play a critically enabling role in the future of modelling complex flows.
Performance of a Novel PMMA Polymer Imaging Bundle for Field Acquisition and Wavefront Sensing
Authors: Richards S. N. , Leon-Saval S. , Goodwin M. , Zheng J. , Lawrence J. S. , Bryant J. J. , Bland-Hawthorn J. , Norris B. , Cvetojevic N. , Argyros A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractImaging bundles provide a convenient way to translate a spatially coherent image, yet conventional imaging bundles made from silica fibre optics typically remain expensive with large losses due to poor filling factors (~40%). We present the characterisation of a novel polymer imaging bundle made from poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) that is considerably cheaper and a better alternative to silica imaging bundles over short distances (~1 m; from the middle to the edge of a telescope’s focal plane). The large increase in filling factor (92% for the polymer imaging bundle) outweighs the large increase in optical attenuation from using PMMA (1 dB/m) instead of silica (10−3dB/m). We present and discuss current and possible future multi-object applications of the polymer imaging bundle in the context of astronomical instrumentation including: field acquisition, guiding, wavefront sensing, narrow-band imaging, aperture masking, and speckle imaging. The use of PMMA limits its use in low-light applications (e.g., imaging of galaxies); however, it is possible to fabricate polymer imaging bundles from a range of polymers that are better suited to the desired science.
Principal determinants of species and functional diversity of carabid beetle assemblages during succession at post-industrial sites
Authors: Sipos J. , Hodecek J. , Kuras T. , Dolny A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough ecological succession is one of the principal focuses of recent restoration ecology research, it is still unclear which factors drive this process and positively influence species richness and functional diversity. In this study we sought to elucidate how species traits and functional diversity change during forest succession, and to identify important factors that determine the species in the observed assemblages. We analyzed species richness and functional diversity of ground beetle assemblages in relation to succession on post-industrial localities after habitat deterioration caused by spoil deposition. We selected ground beetles as they are known to be sensitive to landscape changes (with a large range of responses), and their taxonomy and ecology are generally well-known. Ground beetles were sampled on the spoil heaps during the last 30 years when spontaneous succession occurred. To calculate functional diversity, we used traits related to habitat and trophic niche, i.e. food specialization, wing morphology, trophic level, and bio-indication value. Ground beetle species were found to be distributed non-randomly in the assemblages in the late phase of succession. Ordination analyses revealed that the ground beetle assemblage was significantly associated with the proportion of forested area. Environmental heterogeneity generated assemblages that contained over-dispersed species traits. Our findings indicated that environmental conditions at late successional stages supported less mobile carnivorous species. Overall, we conclude that the decline in species richness and functional diversity in the middle of the studied succession gradient indicated that the assemblages of open habitats had been replaced by species typical of forest ecosystems.