bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The cost‐effectiveness of semi‐rigid ankle brace to facilitate return to work following first‐time acute ankle sprains
Authors: Fatoye Francis , Haigh Carol 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesTo examine the cost‐effectiveness of semi‐rigid ankle brace to facilitate return to work following first‐time acute ankle sprains.DesignEconomic evaluation based on cost–utility analysis.BackgroundAnkle sprains are a source of morbidity and absenteeism from work, accounting for 15–20% of all sports injuries. Semi‐rigid ankle brace and taping are functional treatment interventions used by Musculoskeletal Physiotherapists and Nurses to facilitate return to work following acute ankle sprains.MethodsA decision model analysis, based on cost–utility analysis from the perspective of National Health Service was used. The primary outcomes measure was incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio, based on quality‐adjusted life years. Costs and quality of life data were derived from published literature, while model clinical probabilities were sourced from Musculoskeletal Physiotherapists.ResultsThe cost and quality adjusted life years gained using semi‐rigid ankle brace was £184 and 0.72 respectively. However, the cost and quality adjusted life years gained following taping was £155 and 0.61 respectively. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for the semi‐rigid brace was £263 per quality adjusted life year. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis showed that ankle brace provided the highest net‐benefit, hence the preferred option.ConclusionTaping is a cheaper intervention compared with ankle brace to facilitate return to work following first‐time ankle sprains. However, the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio observed for ankle brace was less than the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence threshold and the intervention had a higher net‐benefit, suggesting that it is a cost‐effective intervention. Decision‐makers may be willing to pay £263 for an additional gain in quality adjusted life year.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings of this economic evaluation provide justification for the use of semi‐rigid ankle brace by Musculoskeletal Physiotherapists and Nurses to facilitate return to work in individuals with first‐time ankle sprains.
ECONOMIC TARGETS AND LOSS‐AVERSION IN INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL COOPERATION
Authors: İriş Doruk 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn the standard emission problem, each country's ruling party decides on an optimal level of emissions by analyzing the cost and benefit to the country. However, such policy decisions are often influenced by political parties' incentives to be elected. Voters tend to give higher priority to economic issues than they do to environmental ones. As a result, political parties have additional incentives to reach a critical economic benefit level, at a cost of higher emission level, in order to satisfy voters' expectations in economic issues. Therefore, this study explores the implications of political parties being averse to insufficient economic performance relative to a critical economic target level on sustaining an international environmental agreement on emission levels. In doing so, we allow countries to have asymmetric concerns about economic targets, as well as asymmetric technology levels. We find that stronger concerns about economic targets deter the most cooperative emission levels countries could jointly sustain. Furthermore, technological asymmetry could either deepen or offset this impact. These results suggest that efforts on achieving substantial international environmental agreements should be supported at the citizen level to eliminate the adverse effects.
Bruxism in Movement Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ella Bruno , Ghorayeb Imad , Burbaud Pierre , Guehl Dominique 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBruxism is an abnormal repetitive movement disorder characterized by jaw clenching and tooth gnashing or grinding. It is classified into two overlapping types: awake bruxism (AB) and sleep bruxism (SB). Theories on factors causing bruxism are a matter of controversy, but a line of evidence suggests that it may to some extent be linked to basal ganglia dysfunction although so far, this topic has received little attention. The purpose of this article was to review cases of bruxism reported in various movement disorders. The biomedical literature was searched for publications reporting the association of bruxism with various types of movement disorders. As a whole, very few series were found, and most papers corresponded to clinical reports. In Parkinsonian syndromes, AB was rarely reported, but seems to be exacerbated by medical treatment, whereas SB is mainly observed during non‐REM sleep, as in restless leg syndrome. AB is occasionally reported in Huntington's disease, primary dystonia, and secondary dystonia; however, its highest incidence and severity is reported in syndromes combining stereotypies and cognitive impairment, such as Rett's syndrome (97%), Down syndrome (42%), and autistic spectrum disorders (32%). Taken as a whole, AB seems to be more frequent in hyperkinetic movement disorders, notably those with stereotypies, and is influenced by anxiety, suggesting an involvement of the limbic part of the basal ganglia in its pathophysiology.
Live performance, carcass characteristic and blood metabolite responses of broilers to two distinct corn types with different extent of grinding
Authors: Zhao J. P. , Cui D. P. , Zhang Z. Y. , Jiao H. C. , Song Z. G. , Lin H. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe major objective of this research was to establish the main and interactive effects of corn type and extent of grinding on broiler performance including carcass characteristics. A completely randomized experimental design with a 2 (corn type) × 2 (fine and coarse) factorial arrangement, each with six replicates of 45 male Ross chicks, was applied. Experimental diets, containing dent or hard corn, were formulated with two extents of grinding (3.00 or 6.00 mm screens) for three growing phases. In comparison with dent corn, the hard corn increased body weight (BW) gain and thigh muscle yield (p < 0.05), while decreasing feed conversion ratio (p < 0.01) and abdominal fat deposition (p < 0.05), some aspects of which were age‐dependent and appeared to vary with extent of grinding. Coarser grinding increased the weight of proventriculus (p < 0.01), gizzard (p < 0.05) and small + large intestine (p < 0.10) relative to BW, particularly towards market size. These results suggest that feeding hard corn or large‐particle‐size corn have some favourable effects on growth performance or gastrointestinal development for finishing broilers.
An association between the level of oxidative stress and the concentrations of NEFA and BHBA in the plasma of ketotic dairy cows
Authors: Li Y. , Ding H. Y. , Wang X. C. , Feng S. B. , Li X. B. , Wang Z. , Liu G. W. , Li X. W. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the oxidative status in ketotic cows. We observed changes in the oxidative status and correlations between the oxidative and metabolic status in non‐ketotic (n = 10), subclinical ketotic (n = 10) and ketotic cows (n = 10). Plasma samples were analysed by standard biochemical techniques and ELISA to determine traditional metabolic parameters: triglyceride (TG), phosphonium (P), calcium (Ca), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), immune globulin (Ig), total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein (HDL), very low‐density lipoprotein (VLDL) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH); energy metabolism indices: glucose, β‐hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and non‐esterified fatty acids (NEFA); and indices of oxidative status: malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), vitamin C, vitamin E, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px), catalase (CAT), xanthine oxidase (XOD) and total antioxidant capacity (TAOC). The results of this study showed that plasma glucose levels were lower in ketotic and subclinical ketotic cows than in non‐ketotic cows; however, the plasma NEFA and BHBA concentrations were higher. In addition, significant decreases in TC, HDL and VLDL and significant increases in AST, ALT and LDH were observed in the plasma of the ketotic cows. The ketotic cows showed decreased plasma SOD, CAT, vitamin C and vitamin E, inhibited hydroxyl radical capacity and increased plasma H2O2 and MDA. There were positive correlations between the plasma NEFA and ALT, AST, LDH and MDA and negative correlations between the plasma NEFA and TC, HDL, VLDL, SOD, vitamin C, vitamin E, 1542280 uric acid and inhibited hydroxyl radical capacity. In addition, there were positive correlations between BHBA concentrations and ALT, AST and LDH and negative correlations between plasma BHBA concentrations and TC, HDL, VLDL, vitamin E and inhibited hydroxyl radical capacity. Overall, ketotic dairy cows experience oxidative stress, which is presumably associated with hyperketonemia and higher NEFA.
Antioxidant and haematological biomarkers in different groups of horses supplemented with polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E
Authors: Mélo S. K. M. , Diniz A. I. A. , de Lira V. L. , de Oliveira Muniz S. K. , da Silva G. R. , Manso H. E. C. da C. C. , Manso Filho H. C. 
Published: April 2016

SummayOxidative stress has been correlated with pathologies that impair the performance of athlete horses. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of supplementation with a mixture of polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E on the antioxidant and haematological biomarkers of horses. Horses under maintenance care (n = 6) and horses in training (n = 10) received 100 and 300 ml of the oil mixture respectively. Supplementation was provided for a period of 8 weeks, together with isocaloric inclusion. Blood samples were collected at three time periods (pretest, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks) to analyse the following: the red blood cell count (RBCc); haemoglobin (Hb); haematocrit (HT); leucocytes; lymphocytes; platelets; the mean corpuscular volume (MCV); the mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC); the standard deviation of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW‐SD); the coefficient of variation of the red blood cell distribution width (RDW‐CV); glutathione peroxidase (GPx); superoxide dismutase (SOD); uric acid (UrAc); total plasma proteins (TPP); and creatine kinase (CK). After the 8 weeks of supplementation, animals under maintenance care exhibited significant increases in SOD, UrAc, the white blood cell count (WBCc), the RDW‐SD and the RDW‐CV (p < 0.05). The animals in training exhibited increases in GPx, SOD and UrAc (p < 0.05). In conclusion, supplementation with polyunsaturated oil and vitamin E increases blood antioxidants among animals under maintenance and in training, with different trends, while contributing to the fight against oxidative stress in each group analysed.
Tropical legume supplementation influences microbial protein synthesis and rumen ecology
Authors: Phesatcha K. , Wanapat M. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryFour rumen‐fistulated male swamp buffaloes, 5‐year‐old with initiated live weight at 360 ± 12 kg, were randomly assigned according to a 4 × 4 Latin square design to investigate the effect of feeding high level of dried Leucaena leaf (DLL) on feed intake, fermentation efficiency and microbial protein synthesis. The dietary treatments were the feeding levels of DLL at 0, 2, 4 and 6 kg/head/day. All buffaloes were supplemented with concentrate mixtures at 0.1% of body weight, and rice straw was fed ad libitum with the availability of water and mineral block at all time. The results revealed that the total feed intake and nutrient digestibility were significantly improved with the increasing levels of DLL feeding, and the highest was in the buffaloes consuming DLL at 6 kg/head/day. Feeding high levels of DLL did not affect on ruminal pH and temperature, while ammonia nitrogen, blood urea nitrogen and volatile fatty acid concentration were significantly enhanced. Moreover, methane production was dramatically reduced by increasing levels of DLL feeding. Total direct counts of the micro‐organism population were increased with the increasing levels of DLL feeding. According to the application of quantitative PCR to quantity cellulolytic bacteria (16S rRNA) targets, it was found that the population of total bacteria and Fibrobactor succinogenes was affected by treatments, while Ruminococcus flavefaciens and methanogen population were significantly decreased as buffaloes were fed with DLL. The nitrogen balance and microbial nitrogen supply were remarkably improved with the increasing levels of DLL feeding. Based on this study, it could be concluded that high levels of DLL feeding at 6 kg/head/day could enhance feed intake, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation efficiency and microbial protein synthesis in swamp buffaloes fed on rice straw without any adverse effect.
High dietary biotin levels affect the footpad and hock health of broiler chickens reared at different stocking densities and litter conditions
Authors: Sun Z. W. , Fan Q. H. , Wang X. X. , Guo Y. M. , Wang H. J. , Dong X. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryResponses to stocking density (SD), dietary biotin concentration and litter condition were evaluated on 2016 Ross 308 male broilers in the fattening period (day 22–day 42). The birds were placed in 48 pens with either dry or wet litter to simulate the final stocking density of 30 kg (12 broilers/m2; normal stocking density, NSD) and 40 kg (16 broilers/m2; high stocking density, HSD) of body weight (BW)/m2 floor space. A corn–soybean meal‐based diet was supplemented with biotin to provide a normal (NB; 155 μg/kg) or high (HB, 1521 μg/kg) level of dietary biotin. There were six repetitions per treatment. The inappropriate moisture content of litter associated with HSD was avoided (p < 0.05) by good management (SD difference: dry litter, 6.65% vs. wet litter, 13.23%; 42 days), which made it advantageous (p < 0.01) for footpad (SD difference: dry litter, 0.118 vs. wet litter, 0.312; weekly average value) and hock health (SD difference: dry litter, 0.090 vs. wet litter, 0.303; weekly average value) of HSD birds, but not (p > 0.05) for growth and processing yield. In HSD, the biotin effect (gains, FCR) was significantly higher (p < 0.01) than in NSD. The similar response of HSD birds to supplemental biotin was observed (p < 0.05) for lesion scores of footpad and hock in particularly finishing chickens, and a significant interaction (p < 0.01) among stocking density, biotin supplementation and litter condition existed from 35 to 42 days of age. Taken together, increasing dietary biotin improves the performance and well‐being of broiler chickens stocked at high densities in litter‐independent and litter‐dependent manners respectively.
Net mineral requirements for growth of Saanen goat kids in early life are similar among genders
Authors: Mendonça A. N. , Härter C. J. , Souza S. F. , Oliveira D. , Boaventura Neto O. , Biagioli B. , Resende K. T. , Teixeira I. A. M. A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe current mineral requirements for growing goat kids are based on sheep and cattle studies without differentiating between the stages of development or gender. The aims of this study were to determine the net requirements for growth of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K of Saanen goat kids during the initial stages of growth and to analyse the effect of gender on the net requirements for growth of these macrominerals. Eighteen female, 19 intact male and 10 castrated male Saanen goat kids were studied. The kids were selected applying a completely randomized design and slaughtered when their body weight (BW) reached approximately 5, 10 and 15 kg to determine the mineral requirements for growth at these stages. The net mineral requirements for growth were similar among genders. The goat kids had slightly increased net requirements of Ca, P and Mg for growth with increasing BW from 5 to 15 kg. The net requirements for growth of Ca, P, Mg, Na and K ranged from 9.61 to 9.67 g/kg of BW gain, 7.14 to 7.56 g/kg of BW gain, 0.34 to 0.37 g/kg of BW gain, 1.26 to 1.13 g/kg of BW gain, 1.88 to 1.82 g/kg of BW gain as the animals grew from 5 to 15 kg respectively. In conclusion, when formulating diets for Saanen goat kids in early growth stage mineral levels do not need to adjusted based on gender.
Species delimitations in plants: lessons learned from potato taxonomy by a practicing taxonomist
Authors: Spooner David M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSolanum section Petota has been the subject of intensive taxonomic work since the description of the cultivated potato in 1753. In total, there are 494 epithets for wild taxa and 626 epithets for cultivated taxa. Different taxonomists applied various taxonomic philosophies and species concepts to the section. Hypotheses of the number of species and their interrelationships have differed greatly among authors. A taxonomic treatment of section Petota by Jack Hawkes in 1990 recognized 228 wild species and seven cultivated species, divided into 21 taxonomic series. In 2014 Spooner and collaborators more than halved this number to 107 wild species and four cultivated species, partitioned into four clades; not using series. The purpose of this paper is to provide a retrospective of the methods and philosophies that have resulted in this drastic decrease in the number of species and their infrasectional classification.
Multicriteria Evaluation of Building Foundation Alternatives
Authors: Turskis Zenonas , Daniūnas Alfonsas , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Medzvieckas Jurgis 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn real conditions, decision makers usually deal with multiple objectives and should make a decision in a state of certainty or uncertainty. The selection of the best constructions for a building from a number of alternatives is of great importance for owners, contractors, and stakeholders. Dozens of multicriteria/multi‐attribute decision‐making (MCDM/MADM) models developed for evaluating the performance of the available alternatives can be used for selecting the most suitable alternative from a given finite set of options based on a set of attributes. A guide to systematic selection among the available alternatives of building structures is the integrated methodology, thoroughly analyzed in the article. The article presents a MCDM model for selecting the type of foundation for a single‐storey dwelling house based on the WASPAS‐G (Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment) method and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The aggregate criteria weights are determined by using the AHP and experts’ judgement methods.
Risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss in patients with end‐stage renal disease undergoing dialysis
Authors: Wang I‐Kuan , Wang Ching‐Yuan , Muo Chih‐Hsin , Yen Tzung‐Hai , Sung Fung‐Chang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThe study evaluated the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHR) in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing dialysisMethodsWe identified 18 905 patients newly diagnosed with ESRD, comprising 6382 patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 12 523 patients on hemodialysis (HD) using Taiwan's National Health Insurance claims data from 2000 to 2010. A total of 76 520 controls without kidney disease were randomly selected with frequency matched with the ESRD group by age and sex. We further established additional cohorts with 6375 patients on PD and 6375 patients on HD matched by their propensity scores. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the effect of ESRD and dialysis modality on the risk of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSHL) by the end of 2011.ResultsThe incidences for SSHR were 0.49, 2.37, 2.95, and 2.12 per 1000 person‐years in the control, ESRD (PD and HD), PD, and HD cohorts, respectively. The adjusted HRs of SSHR was 2.71, 3.60, and 2.33 for ESRD, PD, and HD groups (95% CI = 2.17–3.38, 2.71–4.78 and 1.81–2.99, respectively) compared with the control cohort. Patients on PD exhibited 1.53‐fold (95% CI = 1.14–2.04) and 1.64‐fold (95% CI = 1.19–2.27) higher SSHL risk than their age‐ and sex‐matched and propensity score‐matched patients on HD, respectively.ConclusionPatients with ESRD exhibit a higher risk of SSHL than people without kidney disease. The SSHL risk is greater for patients on PD than on HD.
Evaluation of a program on self‐esteem and ego‐identity for Korean nursing students
Authors: Choi Yun‐Jung 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNursing students with high levels of self‐esteem and a strong ego‐identity maintain a level of self‐integrity that enables them to participate successfully in shared group values and interests while simultaneously meeting their own needs. Self‐esteem and ego‐identity are associated with academic achievement, major (area of study) satisfaction, and life satisfaction in undergraduate students. This study evaluated a brief group program for Korean nursing students that focused on promoting positive self‐esteem and ego‐identity development. Twenty‐three Korean nursing school students participated. Changes in the students' ego‐identity and self‐esteem were quantitatively examined. Scores for ego‐identity and self‐esteem increased significantly for the students who participated in the group, while scores in the control group remained the same. The program is judged as an effective method for nursing educators or college mental health providers to utilize in order to promote affirmative ego‐identity and self‐esteem in nursing students. Additionally, the program contributes to helping students achieve developmental goals during their college life.
China's Engagement Patterns towards North Korea
Authors: Song Wenzhi , Lee Sangkeun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAnalysis of China's response to North Korea's grave provocations confirms that China has been adjusting its policy toward North Korea, considering North Korea's stability and the likelihood of US military intervention while pursuing an engagement with North Korea. China has pursued soft engagement when the likelihood of US military intervention has been low and North Korea has been unstable, semi‐hard engagement when the likelihood of US military intervention has been high and North Korea has been stable, and hard engagement when the likelihood of US military intervention has been low and North Korea has been stable. China has increased its pressure on Pyongyang to denuclearize since North Korea's third nuclear test. However, this is merely hard engagement and cannot result in a fundamental change of China's policy toward North Korea. Unless China changes its strategic goal to maintaining peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula, it will retain its engagement policies toward North Korea.
The Meaning of Weight: A Big Way of Life for Rural Mexican‐American Adolescent Men and Caregivers
Authors: Collins Jennifer L. , Owen Donna C. , Champion Jane Dimmitt 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo describe the meaning of body weight among rural Mexican‐American adolescents (RMAA) and an influential person (IP) of their social network.Design and SampleThis is qualitative descriptive study. Convenience sampling was used to recruit RMAA seeking care at a rural primary care‐based clinic. Content analysis was used to identify categories and subcategories. Fifteen male adolescents and 14 IPs were interviewed (n = 29).MeasuresIndividual interviews were conducted using a semi‐structured questionnaire.ResultsParticipants described body weight through family norms, body size, and history of heart disease or diabetes. Cultural scripts were used to describe weight gain, judgment of size, and resource limitations.ConclusionsHealth care providers must evaluate cultural scripts associated with body size to develop interventions that are derived from the meaning ascribed to weight status rather than simply based on evidence‐based standards.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01387646