bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Generation Exaggeration
Authors: Gabrillo James 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines birit’s legacies in the pop music industry by analyzing its enduring popularity over the past two decades, despite critiques from an elite minority concerning birit’s supposed garish embellishment and tasteless craftsmanship. Key case studies include the jukebox musical Rak of Aegis, the longest-running original Philippine stage production in contemporary history, and Symphonic Aegis—Aegis in Symphony featuring the band’s collaboration (and perceived classicization) with the Philippine Philharmonic Orchestra. The chapter also traces birit’s influence to generations of pop singers, who have emulated and adapted the style for their own performances—including successful mainstream music acts like Sarah Geronimo, aspiring Philippine artists on local and international reality singing competitions, and viral personalities on social media. Birit holds a unique place in Philippine culture, existing simultaneously at its mainstream center and on the fringe of official narrativizations of the nation’s musical history.
Star-Making and Spectatorship
Authors: Gabrillo James 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores pop music moments on one of the most popular television shows in new-millennium Manila: Pinoy Big Brother, a local franchise of the global reality program. Hinged on a combined framework of sociological character study and surveillance as entertainment, the Philippine edition has notably served as the country’s foremost star-making platform—an acting, singing, and dancing talent search—since the show’s premiere broadcast in 2005 until today. Interrogating Pinoy Big Brother’s convergences of hyperbolization, aesthetic style, sound design, storytelling, and musical staging that are novel to the Philippine context, the chapter analyses the soundscapes of excerpt segments and memorable musical moments from the program. It builds on applications of the previous conceptualization of phony space, while also developing a multimedia framework of star space to understand the show’s interplay of character hierarchy, plot manipulation, and musical innovation—convergences geared toward the development of new stars and musicians.
Moral Suffering
Authors: Rushton Cynda Hylton 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Moral suffering, the anguish experienced in response to various forms of moral adversity including moral harms, wrongs, failures, or unrelieved moral stress that in some way imperil integrity is commonplace in clinical practice. There are various types of moral suffering that arise from myriad sources that involve witnessing, participating in, or directly precipitating situations that produce a wide range of negative moral outcomes. Threatened or imperiled integrity may accompany particular aspects of clinician practice and contribute to disengagement and alienation among clinicians from their professions, the people they serve, their organizations and themselves. To transform moral suffering, individual and systemic reforms are necessary.
Religion in a Changing Workplace
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Daniels Denise , Scheitle Christopher P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This book summarizes the culmination of five years of research on faith at work in the United States, featuring insights generated from a survey of over fifteen thousand adults and three hundred in-depth interviews. The authors make the case for the thoughtful inclusion of religious identities in the workplace and argue that employers should accommodate religious self-expression at work. While many companies are increasingly recognizing and embracing the business value of employees bringing their whole selves to work, there is some uncertainty about how to respond to workers’ religious and spiritual identities, and a fear that such expression will lead to workplace conflict. This book provides scholarly evidence to help companies understand and develop ways to respond to the presence of religion in the workplace in a thoughtful way. This data-driven yet accessible approach helps organizational leaders, workers, and scholars understand both the challenges and benefits of the integration of faith at places and spaces of employment. By looking at how workers from a variety of religious traditions and social groups are bringing their faith into the workplace, the authors identify why and how organizations can engage diversity of religious belief and expression in the workplace. Until now, there has been little broad information for organizational leaders on how a wide range of workers understand their work vis-à-vis their faith, and how religious identities and practices overlap with and may be key to fostering other kinds of workplace diversity, like gender, sexuality, and racial diversity.
Leaders Fear Faith Expression
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Daniels Denise , Scheitle Christopher P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Some workers and organizational leaders fear that expressions of faith will lead to marginalization and conflict in the workplace, particularly if one worker’s faith comes in conflict with another worker’s faith or expression of faith. Fear of conflict is often related to talking openly about one’s faith, something evangelical Christians are particularly likely to do. Workers and organizational leaders often respond by encouraging themselves and others to privatize their faith at work or to completely separate faith from work. But this approach can diminish the potential value of faith in the workplace. This chapter argues that a thoughtful and nuanced approach to supporting religion in the workplace is better than suppressing faith at work.
The Why for How: Religion, Coping, and Meaning at Work
Authors: Ecklund Elaine Howard , Daniels Denise , Scheitle Christopher P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Sometimes the pain of work that needs to be coped with is defined by extreme stress and traumatic events. Sometimes the pain is the dullness or monotony of the work—as in many entry-level office jobs. Many workers use religion to find meaning in and cope with difficult work situations. Faith-based workplace communities such as employee resource groups are a helpful resource for a broad spectrum of workers who are experiencing stressful times at work. But when workers use religion to cope privately with workplace stress, organizations are often let off the hook for making work organizations more humane. Workplace organizational leaders should be supportive of faith-based employee resource groups (ERGs) and workplace chaplaincy programs while also proactively taking steps to remove sources of workplace stress and trauma.
Views from Rathole Mountain
Authors: Axtell Matthew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter takes as its project the nature of commerce in the nineteenth century, and challenges the usual expectation that the time of development moved forward, as commercial development pushed goods, ideas, and markets across the lines of geography that divided American states from one another. Taking as his subject a “lawscape”—encompassed in the political economy of economic development in early nineteenth-century Virginia—the author reworks the presumed direction of development in early capitalist transformation. Rather than moving in the direction of increased commerce and development (with the accompanying assumption that the alternative is “failure”), the author tells a story of ambivalence. To what extent is the ability to think up and complete a grand public works development project a unique triumph of American democracy, or a subversion of some of its processes? The author mines the archives of a state-backed Virginia canal company that found it difficult to leverage the state’s power of eminent domain in Old Dominion courts when faced with folk opposition to the project on many fronts during the 1800s. All of the actors in his story believe that a proposed canal linking the eastern and western parts of Virginia is important, but they differ markedly on why this is so. The author’s actors push a variety of projects that often have little to do with increased commerce and development. The story resolves itself into a studied ambivalence, which the author traces down to the present by retracing the present-day lawscape of the presumed canal for himself.
Power of the Purse
Authors: Morey Maribel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
. This chapter focuses on the Black Freedom Struggle throughout the twentieth century, underscoring the role played by an elite network of white philanthropic leaders based in New York City—particularly those at leading foundations such as the Carnegie, Rockefeller, and Ford foundations and their colleagues in smaller funds such as the Phelps Stokes and Garland Funds—in shaping which Black Freedom activists, organizations, and agendas would flourish nationally. To present the long-standing role of white-led foundations to shape which activists, ideas, organizations, and agendas from the Black Freedom Struggle would thrive nationally in the U.S., this chapter spotlights the work of various scholars who have researched the specific roles played by different white funders at various moments in the Struggle—from the Rockefeller, Carnegie, Phelps Stokes, and Garland funds to the Ford Foundation. Bringing together our various analyses of white funders’ influence in the Black Freedom Struggle throughout the twentieth century, this chapter provides a birds-eye-view of the long-standing role of white funders in shaping which activists and organizations in the Black Freedom Struggle would gain national attention. The chapter concludes with a look to the present day, cautioning us to remain attentive to the ways that elite funders can continue to shape how we collectively imagine and define the key players and agendas in BIPOC-led movements in the United States.
Debtor Constitutionalism
Authors: Peterson Farah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the question of whether political legitimacy in a constitutional democracy is tied to a core text—at least in regimes with written constitutions. Even after the ratification of the United States Constitution, it argues, many Americans continued to believe in, and act upon, the existence of an unwritten constitution not encompassed in the formal Constitution’s text. It traces this unwritten constitution through the prism of the repeated use of Indian costume as part of a carnivalesque form of protest in which participants in these insurrectionary actions argued that the norms of the unwritten constitution were being violated, regardless of what the formal constitutional text or its privileged interpreters might say. E. P. Thompson described “counter-theatre” as one consistent element of English crowd actions of the late eighteenth century. American mobs engaged in their own form of theater, which included white men dressing as Native Americans. The symbol of the white man in native dress took on powerful symbolic meaning during the Revolution, and it persisted as a trope of popular protest long into the nineteenth century. Indeed, the chapter’s analysis pushes constitutional history across the presumed boundary of 1787, which is supposed to separate an era in which Americans regarded extrajudicial mob protest as legal from one in which the new constitutional text assumed a monopoly on legality. In this story, the triumph of the written Constitution may not have become complete until at least the 1840s, if it did even then.
Silencing Critics
Authors: Heathershaw John , Prelec Tena , Mayne and Tom 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter address defamation law and the use of strategic lawsuits against public participation (SLAPP) against journalists and researchers. The authors discuss their own experience of being targeted by some of the UK’s top libel lawyers acting on behalf of two of the elites studied in this book—Mohamed Amersi and Dmitry Leus—in order to mute the findings of earlier research by threatening legal action against the publisher. The chapter shows the difference that legal enablers make and how they subtly silence critics on behalf of those who wish to keep hidden information regarding their suspicious and often kleptocratic sources of wealth.
How to Indulge No More
Authors: Heathershaw John , Prelec Tena , Mayne and Tom 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter concludes the book with its finding on the role of enablers in indulging post-communist elites in the UK. It summarizes the findings that the enabler effect is more important than the rival explanations of alliance and incumbency. The chapter refutes the notion that the state could stop kleptocrats if the government decides to do so because the power of the private sector to indulge kleptocracy is far greater than the state’s power to regulate and enforce the law. The chapter makes five theses of how the UK may stop indulging kleptocracy, which include recognizing kleptocracy as organized crime, holding corporate officers of professional services firms which enable kleptocracy criminally liable, and incentivizing the private sector and civil society to work together against kleptocracy
The Body’s Protection Plan
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Whole blood consists of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, and plasma. There are five types of white blood cells. These include the neutrophils, which are important in acute inflammation; lymphocytes, which help regulate chronic inflammatory processes; and monocytes, which are responsible for helping the body recognize foreign material. All these cells are derived from the bone marrow. In a normal adaptive and innate immune response, these elements all work together. Lymphocytes migrate to the thymus, where they are ultimately recognized as T cells or B cells. The T cells read antigenic signals present in monocytes or macrophages and are thus able to promote or turn off inflammation and the killing of specific cells. Some B cells transform themselves into plasma cells that make immunoglobulin, which then circulates in the plasma. Immunoglobulins G, A, M, D, and E also help to destroy foreign materials.
The Enemy Is Our Cells
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Antibodies seen in lupus are made against components of the nucleus, cytoplasm, cell membrane, red cells, white cells, platelets, and nerve cells. Many are also part of circulating immune (antigen-antibody) complexes. They can also protect us or fight inflammation. The presence of an antibody is not necessarily associated with active inflammation but is an indicator or immune activation or can be inherited.
Drugs That May Cause Lupus or Produce Flare-Ups
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Drugs can induce autoimmune disease. For lupus, they are known to flare existing disease or to cause lupus directly. Drug-induced lupus is not systemic lupus, does not fulfill established criteria, and in 95 percent of cases is a self-limited process. Most of these patients do not fulfill the established criteria for SLE. Over 75 drugs have been shown to cause lupus and they do so as a result of a variety of chemical and environmental insults. A few agents are associated with long lasting drug-induced disease.
Heady Connections: The Nervous System and Behavioral Changes
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The majority of patients with systemic lupus have neurocognitive problems, or active inflammation that leads to central nervous system (CNS) problems. A wide array of possibilities may account for any given symptom, and a careful workup is necessary to avoid inappropriate therapy. The most common complaints include cognitive dysfunction, headache, and fatigue. Manifestations of vasculitis, the antiphospholipid syndrome, and altered behavior are not infrequent. Drugs, infections, and non-lupus-related disorders first have to be ruled out as a cause of the complaint or manifestation. Blood and spinal fluid testing, brain imaging, electrical studies, and neurocognitive evaluations help the physician arrive at a diagnosis. The treatment of CNS lupus can include a combination of anti-inflammatory medications, blood thinners, and emotional support.
Lupus in the Kidney and Urinary Tract
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Lupus nephritis is very tricky to treat because it produces few symptoms or signs. Despite best efforts, patients may still evolve kidney failure. First, a doctor must confirm that it is indeed lupus that is affecting the kidney. Second, renal function and inflammation must be measured. On the basis of blood tests, urine testing, and biopsy material (if available), a careful treatment plan is formulated. Because many of the drugs used to prevent or retard this disease are quite potent in their own right, a careful balance is important. The reader is referred to other chapters of this book for details regarding dialysis and transplantation; cyclophosphamide, mycophenolate mofetil, calcineurins, belimumab, azathioprine, pulse steroids, and oral corticosteroids; and pregnancy in the patient with lupus nephritis.
Why Do Blood Clots Develop?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Approximately one third of lupus patients have an antibody to phospholipids which, in the presence of certain predisposing factors unique to lupus, causes abnormal clotting. Individuals at risk are identified by performing antibody tests of phospholipids (especially to anticardiolipin antibodies), by using studies that check for prolonged clotting times, or by testing for syphilis and obtaining a false-positive result. Between 10 and 15 percent of those with SLE have clinical evidence of abnormal clotting, which can result in strokes, recurrent miscarriages, pulmonary emboli, and low red cell or platelet counts. There are few or no symptoms or warning signs. Few dietary or activity restrictions can aid prevention. Clotting complications can be prevented or minimized with platelet antagonist therapy (e.g., aspirin, antimalarials). Patients with thromboembolic events on platelet antagonists should be given warfarin, and a small subset of patients need chronic heparin.
What’s the Prognosis?
Authors: Wallace Daniel J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The outcome of SLE depends on who is treating the disease; which ethnic, racial, or geographically defined populations have the disease; their socioeconomic status and consequent access to subspecialty care; and the treatment philosophy of the health-care provider. More than 90 percent of all lupus patients in the United States live more than 10 years after being diagnosed. The survival of patients with organ-threatening disease is still an unsatisfactory 60 percent at 15 years. Patients with high blood pressure, low platelet counts, kidney disease, and severe anemia have a poorer outcome and should be managed aggressively. Even mild lupus is associated with alterations in quality of life and occasionally disappears spontaneously; serious lupus may ease up but does not go away without treatment. Deaths from lupus generally occur early on from active disease or later from continuously active inflammation or complications of therapy.
How Stories Change Us
Authors: Reese Elaine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
How Stories Change Us relates the developmental science of stories across cultures, and across the lifespan, in an accessible way for professionals, practitioners, scholars, and parents. Stories from fiction and real life have more in common than most people realize; neuroscience shows that remembering and imagining involve similar processes in the brain’s default network. Stories from books, TV and movies, and video games share similar benefits for promoting social understanding and prosocial behaviors. Real-life stories also foster physical health, mental health, and well-being. Regardless of media platform, fictional stories with violent and stereotyped content increase aggression and prejudiced attitudes and behaviors, and excessive consumption of fictional stories is unhealthy. In turn, real-life stories with inaccurate or biased content (fake news) increase memory errors; real-life stories with negative or traumatic content increase mental health difficulties. Likewise, imagined stories and imagined friendships can promote learning, creativity, and well-being, but at the extremes, imaginative processes can be linked to psychopathology. The gender differences observed in women’s and men’s fiction reading may be due in part to individual differences in mental imagery from practices dating back to early childhood. Yet reading fictional books and reminiscing about the past both play a special role in children’s and adolescents’ learning and development, so they should be fostered from a young age. At the end of life, encouraging older adults to tell their real-life stories can ease the transition to death. Stories may even help future generations to cope with global issues such as future pandemics and climate change.
Epilogue: The Stories in Our Future
Authors: Reese Elaine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
New forms of stories will be available in the future, but novels are still vital for instilling empathy and countering prejudice and polarization. New story technologies will include augmented virtual worlds and artificial intelligence storytelling programs, perhaps even the metaverse. New stories in the form of serious games may help children and teens and individuals with autism to learn about empathy and theory of mind. Stories old and new will help people cope with future challenges, such as pandemics and climate change. Science, technology, engineering, the arts, and mathematics (STEAM) education will be vital for educating the next generation to create ethical and socially responsible technologies. Stories are also crucial for older adults facing death; caregivers need to listen and accept their versions of their life stories.
The Rise and Fall of Émilie Du Châtelet
Authors: Janiak Andrew 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter introduces Émilie Du Châtelet, the woman who broke the gender norms of Enlightenment Europe and changed the course of intellectual life. At the time of the 1700s, women were systematically excluded from learned institutions like Academié Française and the Royal Academy of Sciences. Regardless of the institutional barriers to intellectual life facing women in Europe, Du Châtelet would secure the best tutors and create her own academy, Institutions of Physics (Institutions physiques). The chapter then discusses Du Châtelet’s intimate and intellectual companionship with France’s leading poet and writer Voltaire. It shows that Du Châtelet was present at the birth of the modern canon in philosophy but was ultimately excluded from it.
The Ordinary Insurrection
Authors: Marwick Alice E. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Although January 6th is often described as an outcome of “radicalization,” it is more accurately characterized as the result of mainstreaming extreme and conspiratorial beliefs. I discuss two instances of complex interactions between mainstream Republican politics and fringe online spaces. Trump operatives architected Stop the Steal and primed fringe online communities to collect evidence supporting it, which was then repeated by mainstream Republican operatives in an attempt to hold the Trump presidency. I also discuss how Trump repeatedly harnessed the online participation of QAnon supporters and their concept of the “Great Awakening” to reinforce urgency around January 6th. Overall, this frame helps us better understand the roles of political elites and mainstream media in justifying violent activities and amplifying conspiracy theories.