bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Short-Term Exposure to High Particulate Levels on Cough Reflex Sensitivity in Healthy Tourists: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sato Ryuhei , Gui Peijun , Ito Kumiko , Kohzuki Masahiro , Ebihara Satoru 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Previous studies have reported a relationship between particulate air pollution and respiratory symptoms or decline in lung function, but information about acute effects of short-term exposure to airborne particulate matter (PM) on cough and pulmonary function is scarce.

Objective:
To investigate the effect of short-term exposure to high concentrations of PM on the cough reflex threshold, urge-to-cough, pulmonary function, and cough-related quality of life in a group of healthy non-resident volunteers visiting Beijing, China.

Methods:
Seventeen healthy residents of Sendai, Japan, who planned to attend a meeting in Beijing, were recruited. We checked local air quality and measured cough reflex thresholds, urge-to-cough, pulmonary function, and Leicester Cough Questionnaire-acute (LCQ-acute) scores in the volunteers before, during, and after their trip to Beijing.

Results:
The PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in Beijing were significantly higher than those in Japan on the measurement days. Cough reflex thresholds, expressed as nebulized citric acid concentrations required to induce ≥ 2 and ≥ 5 coughs, were significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than before or after the visit. Vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC were significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than before the trip. Similarly, the urge-to-cough threshold was significantly lower during the stay in Beijing than after the trip, as was the total LCQ-acute score.

Conclusion:
We tentatively concluded that short-term exposure to high PM concentrations may have adverse effects on cough reflex and urge-to-cough thresholds, pulmonary function, and cough-related quality of life.
Cuantificación del desempeño económico de los gobiernos locales en México
Authors: Flores Payán Lucio 
Published: January 2017

Son diversos los enfoques y perspectivas sobre el desempeño de los gobiernos locales en México, y se han desarrollado formas diferentes para cuantificarlo, sin embargo, hay pocas investigaciones que presentan valoraciones de las tendencias nacionales sobre los cambios en el desempeño, y que se pueden percibir en un análisis comparativo en el tiempo. En el presente trabajo se propone la construcción de un índice según el enfoque de la teoría de la lógica difusa, que ha permitido obtener elementos para valorar el desempeño de los gobiernos locales. Se concluye que si bien éstos tienden a mejorar, no existe un patrón definido ni continuidad plena.
De vicarios y obispos. El establecimiento de la diócesis de Tijuana, 1940-1964
Authors: Muñoz Núñez Julio Adrián , Jaimes Martínez Ramiro 
Published: January 2017

Durante la segunda mitad del siglo xix y la primera del xx, en Baja California se trató de trasformar a una iglesia católica misional en una diocesana, pero sin éxito. Sin embargo, a partir de la década de 1940 el nuevo vicario y la orden de los Misioneros del Espíritu Santo reorganizaron la estructura eclesial y aprovecharon las trasformaciones sociales, económicas y políticas ocurridas en Baja California. En este trabajo se analizan algunos aspectos del proceso de consolidación institucional de la Iglesia católica en la península, que desembocó en el establecimiento de la diócesis de Tijuana. Para explicarlo se consideran tres factores generales: la organización religiosa y el papel de las asociaciones laicas; el crecimiento demográfico de la zona norte y las relaciones entre el vicariato y las autoridades locales y también las internas.
A Assistência Farmacêutica como direito a preservar
Authors: Do Nascimento Júnior José Miguel 
Published: January 2017

No período recente, que vai de 2003 a meados de 2016, o Ministério da Saúde criou, em sua estrutura, uma Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Insumos Estratégicos (SCTIE) e, ligado a ela, um Departamento de Assistência Farmacêutica e Insumos Estratégicos (DAF/SCTIE/MS), dois loci de produção de conhecimento e de políticas públicas voltadas para o acesso ao medicamento e de ciência, tecnologia e inovação em saúde. O intenso trabalho desenvolvido nesses anos identificou lacunas no processo de gestão das ações de saúde e programas voltados para o acesso aos medicamentos e à assistência farmacêutica, bem como a inexistência de ações que fortalecessem a produção pública de medicamentos e vacinas, que articulasse a necessária formação dos profissionais farmacêuticos para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), que viabilizasse a estruturação e a qualificação da Assistência Farmacêutica (AF). Tais lacunas estavam associadas à significativa fragmentação das ações e das iniciativas direcionadas ao acesso aos medicamentos, representada pela existência de aproximadamente vinte e três programas distintos que tratavam com medicamentos, com financiamentos também fragmentados e extemporâneos, com elencos de medicamentos sobrepostos e com gestão não articulada. No campo do acesso aos medicamentos, caso a redução do financiamento ou a diminuição do "tamanho do SUS" sejam concretizados, programas e projetos da AF correm riscos de serem esvaziados, comprometidos ou encerrados, prejudicando toda a população que tem no SUS sua principal ou única fonte de acesso. Neste momento crucial em que vive a sociedade brasileira, somente com o fortalecimento do SUS enquanto política pública, dotando-o de orçamento suficiente e com fonte estável, poderão, juntos, os governos Federal, estaduais e municipais cumprir a missão de levar serviços de saúde com qualidade a toda população brasileira.
Hand Hygiene: Do we follow it seriously?
Authors: Baral R 
Published: January 2017

The importance of hand hygiene was highlighted in the nineteenth century during the first trial done by Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis, an obstetrician practicing in Vienna, now known as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures. He was able to reduce maternal mortality rate in his hospital by 90% by just applying the protocol of washing hands in chlorinated lime solution before examining the patients. Semmelweis's hypothesis was largely ignored, rejected, or ridiculed. He was dismissed from the hospital for political reasons and harassed by the medical community in Vienna, being eventually forced to move to Budapest. Semmelweis's practice earned widespread acceptance, when Louise Pasteur confirmed the germ theory and Joseph Lister, pioneered antiseptic surgery. Lister practiced and operated using hygienic methods with great success.There are many national and international guidelines which emphasize the practice of hand hygiene in reducing the incidence of hospital acquired infections (HAI). With all the evidence of decreasing the HAIs the practice of hand hygiene compliance should have been a 100% in all healthcare facilities. However, various studies done in different countries show that the compliance of hand hygiene amongst the healthcare workers is not satisfactory, ranging only 40 to 50% even in the developed nations.Why Not?Inaccessible hand washing facilities: This is one of the major factors due to which the compliance to wash hands is compromised.Wearing Gloves: The misconception amongst the healthcare workers that wearing gloves will prevent transmission of germs is another major factor.Scepticism about the value of hand hygiene: CMEs, lectures, demonstrations and evidence based studies on hand hygiene should be kept in top priority to disseminate the knowledge which will reduce the scepticism.Lack of concept of IPAC, motivation and role model: Many healthcare centres do not have IPAC committee; hence the concept of IPAC is not present in these facilities. If a healthcare worker is not motivated to wash hands she/he will never do it. This is a human behaviour.Being a physician: Last but the most important point is: Do the physicians, the leaders in any healthcare facilities practice correct hand hygiene?Yes to Hand Hygiene:Widely accessible hand washing facilities or Alcohol based hand rub.Multifaceted approach to improve the hand hygiene like CME, training, feedback.Financial incentives, praises from the administrative level.Reminders like posters and pamphlets in the workplace to wash hands.In an era of multi-resistant bacteria, it is now time to implement national IPAC guidelines, create IPAC committees in every healthcare facility, and organize more trainings, CMEs and demonstrations to all healthcare workers. If these measures are not taken in time we may have the MDR organisms engulfing our wards which will definitely increase the healthcare cost as well as morbidity and mortality.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia- the story evolves
Authors: Pradhan SV , Sharan P 
Published: January 2017

Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is preneoplastic lesion described from early of this 20th century. PIN includes a spectrum of features ranging from low grade to high grade neoplasia. The studies are focused on their influence to predict the occurence of prostatic carcinoma. This review analyses the various development in the identification and differentiation of PIN and their clinical implication.
The Shape Evolution of Galactic Open Clusters from Observations under Galactic External Forces
Authors: Zhai Meng , Abt Helmut , Zhao Gang , Li Chengdong 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We present the Galactic characteristics of 154 open clusters using the stellar statistics method with data from the WEBDA database. We find that all clusters in our sample are elongated in shape, which indicates that the spherical clusters are stretched out to be ellipsoid as a function of age

. By dividing a cluster into a central core and an outer part, we have computed the apparent ellipticities of these two parts respectively. The scale relations between ellipticities and age indicate that the outer parts of open clusters become more elliptical while the central cores remain circular. We suppose that the outer parts become more elliptical because they are more subjected to the external forces, e.g., Galactic differential rotation, while the central cores form a circular shape under the domination of stellar dynamics. We have also performed an analysis of the crucial influence of cluster mass and location on its shape.
SEARCHING FOR PLANET NINE WITH COADDED WISE AND NEOWISE-REACTIVATION IMAGES
Authors: Meisner Aaron M. , Bromley Benjamin C. , Nugent Peter E. , Schlegel David J. , Kenyon Scott J. , Schlafly Edward F. , Dawson Kyle S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
A distant, as yet unseen ninth planet has been invoked to explain various observations of the outer solar system. While such a “Planet Nine,” if it exists, is most likely to be discovered via reflected light in the optical, it may emit much more strongly at 3−5 μm than simple blackbody predictions would suggest, depending on its atmospheric properties. As a result, Planet Nine may be detectable at 3.4 μm with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, but single exposures are too shallow except at relatively small distances (

au). We develop a method to search for Planet Nine far beyond the W1 single-exposure sensitivity, to distances as large as 800 au, using inertial coadds of W1 exposures binned into ∼1 day intervals. We apply our methodology to a ∼2000 square degree testbed sky region which overlaps a southern segment of Planet Nine’s anticipated orbital path. We do not detect a plausible Planet Nine candidate, but are able to derive a detailed completeness curve, ruling out its presence within the parameter space searched at W1 < 16.66 (90% completeness). Our method uses all publicly available W1 imaging, spanning 2010 January to 2015 December, and will become more sensitive with future NEOWISE-Reactivation releases of additional W1 exposures. We anticipate that our method will be applicable to the entire high Galactic latitude sky, and we will extend our search to that full footprint in the near future.
THE ROLE OF PEBBLE FRAGMENTATION IN PLANETESIMAL FORMATION. I. EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: Syed M. Bukhari , Blum J. , Jansson K. Wahlberg , Johansen A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Previous work on protoplanetary dust growth shows a halt at centimeter sizes owing to the occurrence of bouncing at velocities of ≳0.1 m s−1 and fragmentation at velocities ≳1 m s−1. To overcome these barriers, spatial concentration of centimeter-sized dust pebbles and subsequent gravitational collapse have been proposed. However, numerical investigations have shown that dust aggregates may undergo fragmentation during the gravitational collapse phase. This fragmentation in turn changes the size distribution of the solids and thus must be taken into account in order to understand the properties of the planetesimals that form. To explore the fate of dust pebbles undergoing fragmenting collisions, we conducted laboratory experiments on dust-aggregate collisions with a focus on establishing a collision model for this stage of planetesimal formation. In our experiments, we analyzed collisions of dust aggregates with masses between 0.7 and 91 g mass ratios between target and projectile from 1 to 126 at a fixed porosity of 65%, within the velocity range of 1.5–8.7 m s−1, at low atmospheric pressure of ∼10−3 mbar, and in free-fall conditions. We derived the mass of the largest fragment, the fragment size/mass distribution, and the efficiency of mass transfer as a function of collision velocity and projectile/target aggregate size. Moreover, we give recipes for an easy-to-use fragmentation and mass-transfer model for further use in modeling work. In a companion paper, we use the experimental findings and the derived dust-aggregate collision model to investigate the fate of dust pebbles during gravitational collapse.
EXPLORING THE HELIUM CORE OF THE δ SCUTI STAR COROT 102749568 WITH ASTEROSEISMOLOGY
Authors: Chen Xinghao , Li Yan , Lin Guifang , Chen Yanhui , Guo Junjun 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Based on regularities in rotational splitting, we seek possible multiplets for the observed frequencies of CoRoT 102749568. There are 21 sets of multiplets identified, including four sets of multiplets with l = 1, nine sets of multiplets with l = 2, and eight sets of multiplets with l = 3. In particular, there are three complete triplets (f
10, f
12, f
14), (f
31, f
34, f
35), and (f
41, f
43, f
44). The rotational period of CoRoT 102749568 is estimated to be

days. When doing model fittings, three l = 1 modes (f
12, f
34, and f
43) and the radial first overtone f
13 are used. Our results shows that the three nonradial modes (f
12, f
34, and f
43) are mixed modes, which mainly provide constraints on the helium core. The radial first overtone f
13 mainly provides constraint on the stellar envelope. Hence the size of the helium core of CoRoT 102749568 is determined to be

= 0.148 ± 0.003 M
⊙ and

= 0.0581 ± 0.0007 R
⊙. The fundamental parameters of CoRoT 102749568 are determined to be M = 1.54 ± 0.03 M
⊙,

,

,

,

K, R = 2.916 ± 0.039 R
⊙, and L = 17.12 ± 1.13 L
⊙.
STRUCTURE, PROPAGATION, AND EXPANSION OF A CME-DRIVEN SHOCK IN THE HELIOSPHERE: A REVISIT OF THE 2012 JULY 23 EXTREME STORM
Authors: Liu Ying D. , Hu Huidong , Zhu Bei , Luhmann Janet G. , Vourlidas Angelos 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
We examine the structure, propagation, and expansion of the shock associated with the 2012 July 23 extreme coronal mass ejection. Characteristics of the shock determined from multi-point imaging observations are compared to in situ measurements at different locations and a complex radio type II burst, which according to our definition has multiple branches that may not all be fundamental-harmonic related. The white-light shock signature can be modeled reasonably well by a spherical structure and was expanding backward even on the opposite side of the Sun. The expansion of the shock, which was roughly self-similar after the first ∼1.5 hr from launch, largely dominated over the translation of the shock center for the time period of interest. Our study also suggests a bow-shock morphology around the nose at later times due to the outward motion in combination with the expansion of the ejecta. The shock decayed and failed to reach Mercury in the backward direction and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory B (STEREO B) and Venus in the lateral directions, as indicated by the imaging and in situ observations. The shock in the nose direction, however, may have persisted to the far outer heliosphere, with predicted impact on Dawn around 06:00 UT on July 25 and on Jupiter around 23:30 UT on July 27 by a magnetohydrodynamic model. The type II burst shows properties generally consistent with the spatial/temporal variations of the shock deduced from imaging and in situ observations. In particular, the low-frequency bands agree well with the in situ measurements of a very low density ahead of the shock at STEREO A.
Ig Light Chain Precedes Heavy Chain Gene Rearrangement during Development of B Cells in Swine
Authors: Sinkora Marek , Sinkorova Jana , Stepanova Katerina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The current mammalian paradigm states that 1) rearrangements in the IgH locus precede those in IgL loci, 2) IgLλ genes rearrange only when IgLκ genes are consumed, and 3) the surrogate L chain is necessary for selection of productive IgH gene rearrangements. We show in swine that IgL rearrangements precede IgH gene rearrangements, resulting in the expression of naked IgL on a surface of precursor B cells. Findings also suggest that there is no dependency on the surrogate L chain, and thus the authentic IgL proteins may be used for selection of the IgH repertoire. Although rearrangement starts with IgLκ genes, it is rapidly replaced by IgLλ rearrangement. Fast replacement is characterized by occurrence of IgLλloIgLκlo dual-expressing precursors in which IgLκ expression is a remnant of a previous translation. Most IgLκ+ B cells are then generated later, indicating that there are two waves of IgLκ synthesis in different developmental stages with IgLλ gene rearrangements in between. In the absence of stromal cells, the stepwise order of rearrangements is blocked so that IgLλ gene rearrangements predominate in early B cell development. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence that some mammals can use an inverted order of Ig loci rearrangement. Moreover, a situation in which the generation of BCR-bearing IgLκ is delayed until after IgLλ becomes the dominant isotype may help explain the extreme deviations in the IgLκ/IgLλ ratios among mammals.
DNA-Containing Exosomes Derived from Cancer Cells Treated with Topotecan Activate a STING-Dependent Pathway and Reinforce Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Kitai Yuichi , Kawasaki Takumi , Sueyoshi Takuya , Kobiyama Kouji , Ishii Ken J. , Zou Jian , Akira Shizuo , Matsuda Tadashi , Kawai Taro 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Danger-associated molecular patterns derived from damaged or dying cells elicit inflammation and potentiate antitumor immune responses. In this article, we show that treatment of breast cancer cells with the antitumor agent topotecan (TPT), an inhibitor of topoisomerase I, induces danger-associated molecular pattern secretion that triggers dendritic cell (DC) activation and cytokine production. TPT administration inhibits tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice, which is accompanied by infiltration of activated DCs and CD8+ T cells. These effects are abrogated in mice lacking STING, an essential molecule in cytosolic DNA–mediated innate immune responses. Furthermore, TPT-treated cancer cells release exosomes that contain DNA that activate DCs via STING signaling. These findings suggest that a STING-dependent pathway drives antitumor immunity by responding to tumor cell–derived DNA.
A Clinical Study of Laryngeal Cysts
Authors: Shaik Feroz B , Kumar Chowdary KVS 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To study cases of cysts of larynx and review the literature regarding precipitating factors and methods of treatment.

Materials and methods
A retrospective study of eight cases of cysts of larynx in our hospital was carried out from July 2012 to December 2015. In all cases, diagnosis was made by video laryngoscopy and was treated by microlaryngeal surgery under general anesthesia (GA).

Results
Eight patients with laryngeal cysts were identified, of which five were male and three were female. The mean age was ranging from 40 to 60.
On examination, two were diagnosed with cysts from epiglottis, three from aryepiglottic folds, two from false vocal cords, and one from the ventricle.

Conclusion
As saccular cysts are identified to be associated with neoplastic transformation, it is important to recognize the laryngeal saccular cyst and manage appropriately in its early stages and to differentiate it from other laryngeal cysts. Thorough diagnostic evaluation and surgical intervention necessitates the appropriate management.

How to cite this article
Kumar Chowdary KVS, Srikanth N, Shaik FB. A Clinical Study of Laryngeal Cysts. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(2):53-56.
Computerized Tomographic Assessment of Vocal Cord Palsy: Otolaryngologist's Purview
Authors: Pandey Apoorva K , Maithani Tripti , Varma Arvind , Gangrade Sharad , Malhotra Ankur 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Aims and objectives
Vocal cord palsy (VCP) can be definitely depicted on computed tomograpy (CT) scan by identifying key points at the level of true vocal cords and aryepiglottic folds. There are various VCP mimics and imaging shortcomings, and these can usually be circumvented by thoughtfully assessing the scan plan and level, and a diligent search for additional characteristics.

Materials and methods
This retrospective study consisted of 10 cases of unilateral VCP, who all had been clinically diagnosed of VCP and further evaluated by CT. Pre- and postcontrast enhanced axial CT from skull base to aorto-pulmonary window were done and multiplanar three-dimensional reconstruction of images in coronal and sagittal planes along with volume-rendered imaging was done.

Results
Most consistent findings in VCP were thickening of ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold and medialization of ipsilateral aryepiglottic fold (100%), followed by dilation of ipsilateral pyriform sinus (90%) and dilatation of ipsilateral laryngeal ventricle (80%). Etiologic causes were ascertained in three cases: Thyroid malignancy, tuberculosis, and pyriform sinus malignancy. The last etiology was probably a VCP mimic.

Conclusion
Radiologic evaluation is inarguably useful for determining the etiology of VCP, particularly for lesions within neck and thoracic cavity. Most crucial objective in assessing a case of VCP is to exclude the presence of a life-threatening primary lesion as the cause of VCP.

How to cite this article
Pandey AK, Gangrade S, Malhotra A, Varma A, Maithani T. Computerized Tomographic Assessment of Vocal Cord Palsy: Otolaryngologist's Purview. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(2):57-63.
An Unusual Case of Stridor
Authors: Dutta Angshuman , Sabarigirish Kunjumally , Kavitha Y 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Stridor is a high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the tracheobronchial tree. Multiple etiologies simultaneously causing stridor are rare. An interesting case of papillary carcinoma thyroid with subglottic stenosis presenting as stridor is discussed.

How to cite this article
Dutta A, Sabarigirish K, Saxena S, Kavitha Y. An Unusual Case of Stridor. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(2):83-85.
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Larynx: A Case Report and Rare Experience
Authors: Dass Arjun , Verma Hitesh , Singhal Surinder K , Punia Rajpal S , Bhutani Mohit 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) accounts for less than 1% of laryngeal tumors. Surgery is the treatment of choice which can be combined with adjuvant radiotherapy. We present a rare case of ACC of glottis and subglottis presented to us with respiratory distress.

How to cite this article
Verma H, Dass A, Punia RS, Singhal SK, Gupta N, Bhutani M. Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of Larynx: A Case Report and Rare Experience. Int J Phonosurg Laryngol 2016;6(2):86-88.