bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate governance and dividend pay-out policy in UK listed SMEs
Authors: Elmagrhi Mohamed H. , Ntim Collins G. , Crossley Richard M. , Malagila John K. , Fosu Samuel , Vu Tien V. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the extent to which corporate board characteristics influence the level of dividend pay-out ratio using a sample of UK small- and medium-sized enterprises from 2010 to 2013 listed on the Alternative Investment Market.Design/methodology/approachThe data are analysed by employing multivariate regression techniques, including estimating fixed effects, lagged effects and two-stage least squares regressions.FindingsThe results show that board size, the frequency of board meetings, board gender diversity and audit committee size have a significant relationship with the level of dividend pay-out. Audit committee size and board size have a positive association with the level of dividend pay-out, whilst the frequency of board meetings and board gender diversity have a significant negative relationship with the level of dividend pay-out. By contrast, the findings suggest that board independence and CEO role duality do not have any significant effect on the level of dividend pay-out.Originality/valueThis is one of the first attempts at examining the relationship between corporate governance and dividend policy in the UK’s Alternative Investment Market, with the analysis distinctively informed by agency theoretical insights drawn from the outcome and substitution hypotheses.
Financial and other frauds in the United States: a panel analysis approach
Authors: Bai Shuming , Koong Kai S. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to report on the findings and implications associated with the millions of financial and other fraud complaints that are reported to the Federal Trade Commission and published in the Consumer Sentinel Network Data Book each year since 2002. Based on the three dimensions, namely, the number of complaints, growth rates and geographic locations of those crimes, this study found similar as well as unique trends that are new and are critical for addressing the rise of cybercrimes in the USA. The trends and patterns identified may also have implications for addressing cybercrimes in other parts of the world.

Design/methodology/approach
This research is a cross-sectional time-series study that covers frauds and cybercrimes in the USA from 2002 to 2015. The observed cases included the number of total complaints, complaints categories and payment amount or loss incurred both at the national and state levels. First, aggregate fraud totals, categories, payments and payment methods were analyzed and ranked. Second, state data for fraud categories, payments and filing rate per capita were organized into panel data for analysis, comparison and ranking. This cross-sectional and longitudinal approach of the different dimensions of financial and other frauds generate new rankings and more robust results.

Findings
The key findings are related to the long-term occurrences and trends of financial and online frauds in the USA. While some general trends are consistent with prior studies, the cross-sectional and longitudinal panel analysis produced some unique results. States that reported the most complaints do not necessarily rank high when examined with their growth per capital or their rates of growth. Their rankings could change dramatically due to other factors. In addition, eight of the top ten crime categories are the same both at the national and state levels, indicating that law enforcement could target the same crime categories.

Originality/value
The panel data analysis is new (first attempt at using this technique on the data set) and robust because it allows cross-sectional and longitudinally analysis of the various financial and online fraud crimes, in aggregate and by state, for a more comprehensive and comparative examination of the fraud behavioral trends. This research can be viewed as an improvement over earlier studies because the panel analysis identifies what fraud trends, scam types and payment amount exist on the national and state levels. The rate of fraud growth in the respective states provides a better understanding about future development of this problem.
Trust, religiosity, and relationship marketing: a conceptual overview of consumer brand loyalty
Authors: Al Abdulrazak Rula M. , Gbadamosi Ayantunji 
Published: August 2017

PurposeOver the years, a considerable depth of research has established the link between trust, commitment and relationship marketing and its relevance to consumers’ brand preferences. Nonetheless, there is a dearth of research on how they are linked to religiosity. Accordingly, this paper aims to address the palpable gap.Design/methodology/approachThis paper is conceptual and draws from the eclectic review of the extant literature that revolves around the key themes associated with the topic.FindingsThe paper emphasises the significance of trust and religiosity in consumers’ commitment to specific market offerings and brands which invariably strengthen relationship marketing. A model entitled Brand-faith Relationship model (BFR) is proposed to understand brand positioning in the marketplace in relation to faith. With this model, a four-category typology of brand position scenarios is suggested in this paper. Passive brand-faith relationship, faith trust established in the absence of brands, brand loyalty without any faith associations and brand loyalty, with positive brand-faith relationship.Practical implicationsThis paper has significant implications for brand management in relation to segmentation, targeting and the positioning of brands in the marketplace. It also raises marketers’ consciousness on the potency of trust embedded in consumers’ faith/religiosity in their brand preferences.Originality/valueThis paper explores the concepts of trust and consumers’ brand choices within the relationship marketing literaturevis-à-visthe role of religion, which is rarely examined.
Heroic narratives of intentional non-compliance with PRME
Authors: Hillon Yue Cai 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The governing bodies responsible for drafting and promoting the Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME) apparently envisioned a completely voluntary initiative without concern for accountability. Public concern and commentary led to the addition of a reporting requirement in 2010. Two years later, program administrators began to update statuses. As of January 2016, PRME listed 636 signatories on their website. Because the reporting requirement took effect, approximately 86 schools have broken their commitment to comply with the PRME standards. Some schools were de-listed for inaction, whereas others actively left the program. This study aims to understand those who intentionally chose not to comply with PRME.

Design/methodology/approach
This study utilized a heroic quest typology to analyze and understand the behavior of institutions that intentionally chose not to comply with PRME. Narrative analysis of these concluded quests included strategic plans, research summaries, course syllabi and descriptions, press releases, PRME Sharing Information on Progress reports, UNGC letters of commitment, Communication on Progress reports, and internal informants.

Findings
Out of the 15 entities, 4 exhibited dual or quasi-heroic quests. Their experiences offered two viable and practical alternatives for institutions seeking to transcend the business ethics industry limitations of the PRME initiative.

Research limitations/implications
The narrative analysis of this study encompassed a sufficiently large amount of data for confidence in the typological characterization of each institution’s heroic quest. Additional insights from informants would no doubt strengthen the analysis.

Practical implications
The existence of the business ethics industry casts doubt on the ability of business schools and their accreditors to offer substantive change to create a genuine form of responsible management education. This study concludes with two alternative paths taken by schools attempting to escape the narrative of irresponsible management.

Originality/value
The PRME publicly lists signatories in non-compliance. While most of these result from passive inaction, a small number of institutions intentionally choose to leave the PRME. No research has been done to understand these intriguing cases and the heroic quest typology is a unique application in narrative analysis.
“Dior and I”: understanding the combination of creativity and economy in fashion industry
Authors: Leclair Margot 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Fashion documentaries are many. Although their behind-the-scene access presents some undeniable interest, the author suggests that while revealing information about the creative process, the economic priorities are understated.

Design/methodology/approach
The author reviews Frederic Tcheng’s Dior and I documentary, which brings the viewer inside the storied world of the Christian Dior fashion house with a look at the creation of Raf Simons’ first haute couture collection as its new artistic director.

Findings
The author analyses the documentary with the literature on tensions between creativity and economy to bring some light into the observed frictions. Digging deeper, the literature is also used to reveal several issues that are overlooked in the documentary, small glimpse of the organization.

Originality/value
The paper voices what is easily silenced around creative work in the fashion industry, as well as and more globally in creative industries.
NAD replenishment with nicotinamide mononucleotide protects blood–brain barrier integrity and attenuates delayed tissue plasminogen activator‐induced haemorrhagic transformation after cerebral ischaemia
Authors: Wei Chun‐Chun , Kong Yuan‐Yuan , Hua Xia , Li Guo‐Qiang , Zheng Si‐Li , Cheng Ming‐He , Wang Pei , Miao Chao‐Yu 
Published: August 2017

Background and PurposeTissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is the only approved pharmacological therapy for acute brain ischaemia; however, a major limitation of tPA is the haemorrhagic transformation that follows tPA treatment. Here, we determined whether nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a key intermediate of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide biosynthesis, affects tPA‐induced haemorrhagic transformation.Experimental ApproachMiddle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was achieved in CD1 mice by introducing a filament to the left MCA for 5 h. When the filament was removed for reperfusion, tPA was infused via the tail vein. A single dose of NMN was injected i.p. (300 mg·kg−1). Mice were killed at 24 h post ischaemia, and their brains were evaluated for brain infarction, oedema, haemoglobin content, apoptosis, neuroinflammation, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, the expression of tight junction proteins (TJPs) and the activity/expression of MMPs.Key ResultsIn the mice infused with tPA at 5 h post ischaemia, there were significant increases in mortality, brain infarction, brain oedema, brain haemoglobin level, neural apoptosis, Iba‐1 staining (microglia activation) and myeloperoxidase staining (neutrophil infiltration). All these tPA‐induced alterations were significantly prevented by NMN administration. Mechanistically, the delayed tPA treatment increased BBB permeability by down‐regulating TJPs, including claudin‐1, occludin and zonula occludens‐1, and enhancing the activities and protein expression of MMP9 and MMP2. Similarly, NMN administration partly blocked these tPA‐induced molecular changes.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur results demonstrate that NMN ameliorates tPA‐induced haemorrhagic transformation in brain ischaemia by maintaining the integrity of the BBB.
The development and flexibility of gaze alternations in bonobos and chimpanzees
Authors: Lucca Kelsey , MacLean Evan L. , Hare Brian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInfants’ early gaze alternations are one of their first steps towards a sophisticated understanding of the social world. This ability, to gaze alternate between an object of interest and another individual also attending to that object, has been considered foundational to the development of many complex social‐cognitive abilities, such as theory of mind and language. However, to understand the evolution of these abilities, it is important to identify whether and how gaze alternations are used and develop in our closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Here, we evaluated the development of gaze alternations in a large, developmental sample of bonobos (N = 17) and chimpanzees (N = 35). To assess the flexibility of ape gaze alternations, we tested whether they produced gaze alternations when requesting food from a human who was either visually attentive or visually inattentive. Similarly to human infants, both bonobos and chimpanzees produced gaze alternations, and did so more frequently when a human communicative partner was visually attentive. However, unlike humans, who gaze alternate frequently from early in development, chimpanzees did not begin to gaze alternate frequently until adulthood. Bonobos produced very few gaze alternations, regardless of age. Thus, it may be the early emergence of gaze alternations, as opposed gaze alternations themselves, that is derived in the human lineage. The distinctively early emergence of gaze alternations in humans may be a critical underpinning for the development of complex human social‐cognitive abilities.
A systematic review of silver diamine fluoride: Effectiveness and application in older adults
Authors: Hendre Amruta D. , Taylor George W. , Chávez Elisa M. , Hyde Susan 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThis systematic review examines the effectiveness of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in the management of caries in older adults.BackgroundSilver diamine fluoride has been extensively researched and proven effective for caries prevention and arrest in children. Limited studies support its effectiveness in adult and older adult populations.Materials and methodsMultiple databases were searched according to specified inclusion‐exclusion criteria. Quality assessment used modified Centre for Evidence‐Based Medicine worksheets.ResultsThree randomised controlled trials were identified that addressed the effectiveness of SDF on root caries in older adults, but none addressed coronal caries. Root caries prevented fraction and arrest rate for SDF were significantly higher than placebo. The prevented fraction for caries prevention for SDF compared to placebo was 71% in a 3‐year study and 25% in a 2‐year study. The prevented fraction for caries arrest for SDF was 725% greater in a 24‐month study and 100% greater than placebo in a 30‐month study. No severe adverse effects were observed.ConclusionThis systematic review evaluates the use of SDF for both root caries prevention and arrest in older adults. Existing reports of SDF trials support effectiveness in root caries prevention and arrest, remineralization of deep occlusal lesions and treatment of hypersensitive dentin.
Prognostic impact of intensive statin therapy on N‐terminal pro‐BNP level in non‐ST‐segment elevation acute myocardial infarction patients
Authors: Shehata Mohamed , Samir Ayman , Dardiri May 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThis study explored the impact of intensive daily dosing of atorvastatin on in‐hospital N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide level, left ventricular systolic function and incidence of major adverse cardiac events in non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients.BackgroundSeveral studies showed that early initiation of statin therapy in acute coronary syndrome patients has a favorable prognostic impact.MethodsHundred statin naive patients were prospectively enrolled. Once eligible, patients were randomly assigned to receive either a moderate daily dose that is, 20 mg (Group A) or an intensified daily dose that is, 80 mg (Group B) of atorvastatin, in addition to an equally divided loading dose given 24 and 12 h before coronary angiography (80 mg each). N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels were recorded before and after coronary intervention. Collected data after 3 months included; N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels, left ventricle systolic function and major adverse cardiac events.ResultsMean age of the study cohort was 55 ± 10 years, 68% being males. There was no significant difference between both groups concerning procedural data. Group B patients showed a significantly lower N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels at both sampling occasions, i.e., after coronary intervention and 3 months later (P < 0.001). After 3 months, the same group showed higher left ventricle ejection fraction (P < 0.05), with no significant difference between both groups regarding incidence of major adverse cardiac events.ConclusionIntensive atorvastatin therapy in non‐ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with; lower in‐hospital N‐terminal pro BNP level and higher LVEF after 3 months.
The U.S. Culture Collection Network Responding to the Requirements of the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit Sharing
Authors: McCluskey Kevin , Barker Katharine B. , Barton Hazel A. , Boundy-Mills Kyria , Brown Daniel R. , Coddington Jonathan A. , Cook Kevin , Desmeth Philippe , Geiser David , Glaeser Jessie A. , Greene Stephanie , Kang Seogchan , Lomas Michael W. , Melcher Ulrich , Miller Scott E. , Nobles David R. , Owens Kristina J. , Reichman Jerome H. , da Silva Manuela , Wertz John , Whitworth Cale , Smith David 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
The U.S. Culture Collection Network held a meeting to share information about how culture collections are responding to the requirements of the recently enacted Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The meeting included representatives of many culture collections and other biological collections, the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Secretariat of the CBD, interested scientific societies, and collection groups, including Scientific Collections International and the Global Genome Biodiversity Network. The participants learned about the policies of the United States and other countries regarding access to genetic resources, the definition of genetic resources, and the status of historical materials and genetic sequence information. Key topics included what constitutes access and how the CBD Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House can help guide researchers through the process of obtaining Prior Informed Consent on Mutually Agreed Terms. U.S. scientists and their international collaborators are required to follow the regulations of other countries when working with microbes originally isolated outside the United States, and the local regulations required by the Nagoya Protocol vary by the country of origin of the genetic resource. Managers of diverse living collections in the United States described their holdings and their efforts to provide access to genetic resources. This meeting laid the foundation for cooperation in establishing a set of standard operating procedures for U.S. and international culture collections in response to the Nagoya Protocol.
Quantifying Transmission
Authors: Woolhouse Mark 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTTransmissibility is the defining characteristic of infectious diseases. Quantifying transmission matters for understanding infectious disease epidemiology and designing evidence-based disease control programs. Tracing individual transmission events can be achieved by epidemiological investigation coupled with pathogen typing or genome sequencing. Individual infectiousness can be estimated by measuring pathogen loads, but few studies have directly estimated the ability of infected hosts to transmit to uninfected hosts. Individuals’ opportunities to transmit infection are dependent on behavioral and other risk factors relevant given the transmission route of the pathogen concerned. Transmission at the population level can be quantified through knowledge of risk factors in the population or phylogeographic analysis of pathogen sequence data. Mathematical model-based approaches require estimation of the per capita transmission rate and basic reproduction number, obtained by fitting models to case data and/or analysis of pathogen sequence data. Heterogeneities in infectiousness, contact behavior, and susceptibility can have substantial effects on the epidemiology of an infectious disease, so estimates of only mean values may be insufficient. For some pathogens, super-shedders (infected individuals who are highly infectious) and super-spreaders (individuals with more opportunities to transmit infection) may be important. Future work on quantifying transmission should involve integrated analyses of multiple data sources.View related correspondence here.
Zika pandemic online trends, incidence and health risk communication: a time trend study
Authors: Adebayo Gbenga , Neumark Yehuda , Gesser-Edelsburg Anat , Abu Ahmad Wiessam , Levine Hagai 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesWe aimed to describe the online search trends of Zika and examine their association with Zika incidence, assess the content of Zika-related press releases issued by leading health authorities and examine the association between online trends and press release timing.DesignUsing Google Trends, the 1 May 2015 to 30 May 2016 online trends of Zika and associated search terms were studied globally and in the five countries with the highest numbers of suspected cases. Correlations were then examined between online trends and Zika incidence in these countries. All Zika-related press releases issued by WHO/Pan America Health Organization (PAHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during the study period were assessed for transparency, uncertainty and audience segmentation. Witte's Extended Parallel Process Model was applied to assess self-efficacy, response efficacy, susceptibility and severity. AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average with an eXogenous predictor variable (ARIMAX) (p,d,q) regression modelling was used to quantify the association between online trends and the timing of press releases.ResultsGlobally, Zika online search trends were low until the beginning of 2016, when interest rose steeply. Strong correlations (r=0.748–0.922; p<0.001) were observed between online trends and the number of suspected Zika cases in four of the five countries studied. Compared with press releases issued by WHO/PAHO, CDC press releases were significantly more likely to provide contact details and links to other resources, include figures/graphs, be risk-advisory in nature and be more readable and briefer. ARIMAX modelling results indicate that online trends preceded by 1 week press releases by WHO (stationary-R2=0.345; p<0.001) and CDC (stationary-R2=0.318; p=0.014).ConclusionsThese results suggest that online trends can aid in pandemic surveillance. Identification of shortcomings in the content and timing of Zika press releases can help guide health communication efforts in the current pandemic and future public health emergencies.