bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The geomagnetic storm time response of GPS total electron content in the North American sector
Authors: Thomas E. G. , Baker J. B. H. , Ruohoniemi J. M. , Coster A. J. , Zhang S.‐R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOver the last two decades, maps of GPS total electron content (TEC) have improved our understanding of the large perturbations in ionospheric electron density which occur during geomagnetic storms. However, previous regional and global studies of ionospheric storms have performed only a limited separation of storm time, local time, longitudinal, and seasonal effects. Using 13 years of GPS TEC data, we present a complete statistical characterization of the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms for midlatitudes in the North American sector where dense ground receiver coverage is available. The rapid onset of a positive phase is observed across much of the dayside and evening ionosphere followed by a longer‐lasting negative phase across all latitudes and local times. Our results show clear seasonal variations in the storm time TEC, such that summer events tend to be dominated by the negative storm response while winter events exhibit a stronger initial positive phase with minimal negative storm effects. We find no discernable difference between spring and fall equinox events with both being equivalent to the average storm time response across all seasons. We also identify a prominent magnetic declination effect such that stronger dayside positive storm effects are observed in regions of negative declination (i.e., eastern North America). On the nightside, asymmetries in the TEC response are observed near the auroral oval and midlatitude trough which may be attributed to thermospheric zonal winds pushing plasma upward/downward along field lines of opposite declination.
Assessment of calibration assumptions under strong climate changes
Authors: Van Schaeybroeck Bert , Vannitsem Stéphane 
Published: February 2016

AbstractClimate model calibration relies on different working hypotheses. The simplest bias correction or delta change methods assume the invariance of bias under climate change. Recent works have questioned this hypothesis and proposed linear bias changes with respect to the forcing. However, when the system experiences larger forcings, these schemes could fail. Calibration assumptions are tested within a simplified framework in the context of an intermediate complexity model for which the reference (or “reality”) differs from the model by a single parametric model error and climate change is emulated by largely different CO2 forcings. It appears that calibration does not add value since the variation of bias under climate change is nonmonotonous for almost all variables and large compared to the climate change and the bias, except for the global temperature and sea ice area. For precipitation, calibration provides added value both globally and regionally. The calibration methods used fail to correct climate variability.
What to Expect When Expecting With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): A Population‐Based Study of Maternal and Fetal Outcomes in SLE and Pre‐SLE
Authors: Arkema Elizabeth V. , Palmsten Kristin , Sjöwall Christopher , Svenungsson Elisabet , Salmon Jane E. , Simard Julia F. 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo assess maternal and fetal outcomes associated with subclinical (pre‐systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] and SLE presenting up to 5 years postpartum) and prevalent maternal SLE during pregnancy compared with the general population.MethodsThis prospective cohort study used population‐based Swedish registers to identify 13,598 women with first singleton pregnancies registered in the Medical Birth Register (551 prevalent SLE, 65 pre‐SLE within 0–2 years, 133 pre‐SLE within 2–5 years, and 12,847 general population). SLE was defined as ≥2 SLE‐coded discharge diagnoses in the patient register with ≥1 diagnosis from a specialist. Unadjusted risks of adverse pregnancy or birth outcomes were calculated by SLE status, and Cochran‐Armitage tests evaluated trend across exposure groups.ResultsMaternal outcomes such as preeclampsia, hypothyroidism, stroke, and infection were more common among women with SLE. Sixteen percent of prevalent‐SLE pregnancies were diagnosed with preeclampsia compared with 5% of those from the general population. Among the pre‐SLE women, preeclampsia was found in 26% of those with SLE within 2 years postpartum and 13% in those with SLE within 2–5 years postpartum. Similarly, infant outcomes, such as preterm birth, infection, and mortality, were worse among those born to mothers with prevalent SLE and pre‐SLE during pregnancy. The test for trend was significant for most outcomes.ConclusionOur data demonstrate that adverse maternal and fetal outcomes are more common in SLE pregnancies. Furthermore, these unfavorable outcomes are observed in pregnancies occurring prior to the diagnosis of SLE. Thus, the underlying immunologic profile of SLE and alterations preceding clinical SLE may contribute to these pregnancy complications.
Terpolymerization of Carbon Dioxide with Propylene Oxide and γ‐Butyrolactone Catalyzed by SalenCoIII(2,4‐dinitrophenoxy) and Lewis‐Basic Cocatalyst
Authors: Niu Yongsheng , Li Hongchun 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe terpolymerization of γ‐butyrolactone (GBL), propylene oxide (PO), and CO2 catalyzed by SalenCoIII(2,4‐dinitrophenoxy) (Salen = N,N‐bis(3,5‐di‐tert‐butylsalicylidene)‐ethylenediimine) (1) was studied in the presence of nBu4NBr. The reaction conditions, such as nBu4NBr/the 1 molar ratio, CO2 pressure, reaction temperature, reaction time, and GBL/PO molar ratios were optimized. A reasonably high viscosity‐average molar mass of 115.9 kg/mol and yield of 118.6 g/g of catalyst were achieved at an appropriate combination under the optimum conditions. The structure of as‐prepared product was characterized by the IR and 1H NMR spectra. Compared with a copolymer of PO/CO2, the thermal property of terpolymer has been evaluated largely. The reactivity ratios of CO2 and GBL (rCO2 = 5.62 and rGBL = 0.31) were experimentally evaluated by the Fineman–Ross methodology.
Die Verformungsberechnung der Lahntalbrücke Limburg
Authors: Sonnabend Stephan , Franz Stefan , Steinbrück Christina , Kerschensteiner Martin 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDie Neue Lahntalbrücke bei Limburg ist ein semi‐integrales Spannbetonbauwerk, das aus einem Realisierungswettbewerb hervorgegangen ist. Es zeichnet sich durch seine schlanke, ansprechende Gestaltung aus. Das Bauwerk wird im Freivorbau hergestellt. Nachfolgend werden die Besonderheiten für die Verformungsberechnung der Lahntalbrücke vorgestellt. Dabei wird erläutert, welche Überlegungen zu der letztlich ausgeführten Bauabschnittseinteilung geführt haben. Es werden die einzelnen zu berücksichtigenden Verformungsanteile aufgezeigt und die daraus resultierende Verformungsberechnung erläutert. Abschließend wird die Verifizierung bzw. Verwertung der Verformungsberechnung auf der Baustelle über das Vermessungsprogramm dargelegt.The deformation calculation of the Lahntalbrücke LimburgThe new Lahntalbrücke in Limburg is a semi‐integral prestressed concrete structure that has emerged from a design competition. It is distinguished by its slender, attractive design. The superstructure is currently erected as balanced cantilever construction. Subsequently, the peculiarities of the deformation calculation of the Lahntalbrücke are presented. The considerations about the allocation of the construction sections are discussed. The individual amounts of deflection to be considered are shown and the resulting deformation calculation is explained. Finally, the implementation of the deformation calculation regarding deflection measurements on the construction site is presented.
Disrupted functional brain network organization in patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Park Bumhee , Palomares Jose A. , Woo Mary A. , Kang Daniel W. , Macey Paul M. , Yan‐Go Frisca L. , Harper Ronald M. , Kumar Rajesh 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntroductionObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects show impaired autonomic, affective, executive, sensorimotor, and cognitive functions. Brain injury in OSA subjects appears in multiple sites regulating these functions, but the integrity of functional networks within the regulatory sites remains unclear. Our aim was to examine the functional interactions and the complex network organization of these interactions across the whole brain in OSA, using regional functional connectivity (FC) and brain network topological properties.MethodsWe collected resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data, using a 3.0‐Tesla MRI scanner, from 69 newly diagnosed, treatment‐naïve, moderate‐to‐severe OSA (age, 48.3 ± 9.2 years; body mass index, 31 ± 6.2 kg/m2; apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), 35.6 ± 23.3 events/h) and 82 control subjects (47.6 ± 9.1 years; body mass index, 25.1 ± 3.5 kg/m2). Data were analyzed to examine FC in OSA over controls as interregional correlations and brain network topological properties.ResultsObstructive sleep apnea subjects showed significantly altered FC in the cerebellar, frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic, and basal ganglia regions (FDR, P < 0.05). Entire functional brain networks in OSA subjects showed significantly less efficient integration, and their regional topological properties of functional integration and specialization characteristics also showed declined trends in areas showing altered FC, an outcome which would interfere with brain network organization (P < 0.05; 10,000 permutations). Brain sites with abnormal topological properties in OSA showed significant relationships with AHI scores.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that the dysfunction extends to resting conditions, and the altered FC and impaired network organization may underlie the impaired responses in autonomic, cognitive, and sensorimotor functions. The outcomes likely result from the prominent structural changes in both axons and nuclear structures, which occur in the condition.
FGF2 regulates proliferation, migration, and invasion of ECA109 cells through PI3K/Akt signalling pathway in vitro
Authors: Shi Hui , Xu Jingjing , Zhao Rui , Wu Huiqun , Gu Luo , Chen Yijiang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEsophageal cancer is one of the most common malignant cancers that arise from esophagus tissues. Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) has been implicated in multiple biological functions and was considered as an oncogenic factor in tumorigenesis. However, the effects of FGF2 in esophageal carcinoma are yet to be fully elucidated. To better understand the function of FGF2 in esophageal cancer, we used the esophageal cancer cell line ECA109 as a cell model and downregulated FGF2 expression using RNAi; the results showed that insufficient expression of FGF2 inhibited cells proliferation, migration, and invasion of ECA109 cells. Meanwhile, the proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were stimulated after treatment of exogenous FGF2. In addition, a PI3K/Akt signalling pathway inhibitor (LY294002) alleviated the tumorigenic effects of FGF2. These findings implied that the oncogenic effects of FGF2 was mediated, at least in part, through the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway and FGF2 may be a potential therapeutic target to constrain the tumorigenesis of esophageal cancer.
Efficacy and safety of catheter‐based rheolytic and aspiration thrombectomy in children
Authors: Qureshi Athar M. , Petit Christopher J. , Crystal Matthew A. , Liou Aimee , Khan Asra , Justino Henri 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundVascular thromboses are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Data in children regarding catheter‐based rheolytic and aspiration thrombectomy systems are limited. We sought to review the safety and efficacy of catheter‐based rheolytic and aspiration thrombectomy systems in children. Methods: Data of all children having undergone thrombectomy using specialized rheolytic or aspiration systems were reviewed. Results: Thrombectomy was performed in 50 vessels in 21 patients, median age 1.9 months (8 days–18 yrs), median weight 4.3 (1.1–67.9) kg. Thrombectomy was performed using AngioJet in 16, Helix Clot Buster in 5, Fetch catheter in 8, Pronto catheter in 1, and a combination of other systems in 20 vessels (with AngioJet in 16). Thrombectomy was successful in 47/50 (94%) vessels in 18/21 (86%) patients with additional balloon/stent therapy or tPA administration performed in 16/18 (89%) of these patients. There were 2 (9.5%) major complications (both with AngioJet) consisting of asystole when thrombectomy was performed using activation times of >5 sec. At a median follow‐up of 10 months (2 weeks–7 years), all 47 successfully treated vessels are patent, with 8/18 (44%) patients requiring reintervention with angioplasty/stent placement or repeat thrombectomy. Conclusions: Catheter‐based thrombectomy systems are an important adjunctive tool in the treatment of children with thrombotic vessel occlusions. Significant hemodynamic compromise seen when using AngioJet may be minimized by using activation times of ≤5 sec. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systematic review of the cost and cost‐effectiveness studies of proton radiotherapy
Authors: Verma Vivek , Mishra Mark V. , Mehta Minesh P. 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUNDEconomic analyses of new technologies, such as proton‐beam radiotherapy (PBT), are a public health priority. To date, no systematic review of the cost‐effectiveness of PBT has been performed.METHODSSystematic searches of PubMed, EMBASE, abstracts from American Society for Radiation Oncology and American Society of Clinical Oncology meetings, and the Cost‐Effectiveness Analysis Registry were conducted (2000‐2015) along with abstracts from the Particle Therapy Co‐Operative Group of North America for both years of existence (2014‐2015). Eighteen original investigations were analyzed.RESULTSThe cost‐effectiveness for prostate cancer—the single most common diagnosis currently treated with PBT—was suboptimal. PBT was the most cost‐effective option for several pediatric brain tumors. PBT costs for breast cancer were increased but were favorable for appropriately selected patients with left‐sided cancers at high risk of cardiac toxicity and compared with brachytherapy for accelerated partial breast irradiation. For non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the greatest cost‐effectiveness benefits using PBT were observed for locoregionally advanced—but not early stage—tumors. PBT offered superior cost‐effectiveness in selected head/neck cancer patients at higher risk of acute mucosal toxicities. Similar cost‐effectiveness was observed for PBT, enucleation, and plaque brachytherapy in patients with uveal melanoma.CONCLUSIONSWith greatly limited amounts of data, PBT offers promising cost‐effectiveness for pediatric brain tumors, well‐selected breast cancers, locoregionally advanced NSCLC, and high‐risk head/neck cancers. Heretofore, it has not been demonstrated that PBT is cost‐effective for prostate cancer or early stage NSCLC. Careful patient selection is absolutely critical to assess cost‐effectiveness. Together with increasing PBT availability, clinical trial evidence, and ongoing major technological improvements, cost‐effectiveness data and conclusions from this analysis could change rapidly. Cancer 2016;122:1483–501. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Conflict Narratives from the Health Care Frontline: A Conceptual Model
Authors: Kim Sara , Buttrick Elizabeth , Bohannon Isaac , Fehr Ryan , Frans Elise , Shannon Sarah E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe examined health care conflicts through interviews with health care leaders, providers, and patients. Ninety‐two medical providers, nurses, technologists, hospital leaders, and patients/families shared 156 conflict stories. We identified individual, interpersonal, and organizational factors contributing to interprofessional conflicts. Individual contributors included resource depletion (i.e., stress and fatigue), perceptions of others’ seemingly selfish motives, and judgment toward colleagues’ competence. Interpersonal conflicts involved prior unresolved conflicts, dehumanization, power differentials, or communication breakdown. Organizational factors included navigating within complex organizational structures and noncompliance with group norms. Conflicts resulted in negative consequences for patients (safety, satisfaction), providers (career, relationships, satisfaction, morale), and organizations (performance, staff turnover).
Direct Instruction and Guided Practice Matter in Conflict Resolution and Social‐Emotional Learning
Authors: DeVoogd Karen , Lane‐Garon Pamela , Kralowec Charles A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSeven schools in an economically challenged area of an urban school district in central California implemented mentored peer mediation programs under the guidance of a university–K‐12 partnership project, Mediator Mentors. Individual student outcomes for social‐cognitive dispositions, perceptions of school climate, conflict strategy choices, and standardized testing results in language arts were analyzed on the basis of assessments administered after one year of program implementation and compared to pretest values generated by student mediators and nonmediators. Attendance and student perceptions of school safety were also examined after a year of peer mediation at the schools. Overall school climate was analyzed with respect to bullying incidence and suspension and expulsion rates before and after one year of program implementation.
67 GHz three‐spiral transformer CMOS oscillator
Authors: Pepe Domenico , Chlis Ilias , Zito Domenico 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis paper presents a 67GHz LC oscillator exploiting a three‐spiral transformer and implemented in 65nm bulk complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor technology by STMicroelectronics. The three‐spiral transformer allows operating with a lower voltage supply, still obtaining good phase noise performance, and achieving a compact design. Measured performances when supplied with 1.2 V are: oscillation frequency of 67 GHz, phase noise (PN) equal to −96 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz frequency offset from the carrier, power consumption (PC) equal to 19.2 mW and figure of merit (FOM) equal to −179.7 dB/Hz. Measured performances when supplied with 0.6 V are: oscillation frequency of 67 GHz; PN equal to −88.7 dBc/Hz at a 1 MHz frequency offset from the carrier; PC equal to 3.6 mW and FOM equal to −179.7 dB/Hz. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Phosphonic Bridges in Aqueous Uranyl Clusters
Authors: Oliveri Anna F. , Pilgrim Corey D. , Qiu Jie , Colla Christopher A. , Burns Peter C. , Casey William H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe uranyl cage clusters (UO2)22(O2)15(PHO3)20(H2O)1026– (U22) and (UO2)28(O2)20(PHO3)24(H2O)1232– (U28) can be probed in aqueous solutions by using a combination of 1H Diffusion‐Ordered Spectroscopy (DOSY) and 1H‐31P Heteronuclear‐Single Quantum Coherence (HSQC) spectroscopy. This class of clusters is ideal for 1H NMR analysis in D2O because of the covalent character of the H–P bond in the phosphonic bridges. 1H DOSY indicates that the clusters are stable in solution and provides hydrodynamic radii of 9.8 ± 0.4 Å for the U22 and 12.3 ± 0.5 Å for the U28 clusters. Furthermore, 1H‐31P HSQC delivers unequivocal signal assignment for both nuclei, which enables solution dynamics to be monitored by variable‐temperature experiments, and reveals the presence of phosphonic‐bridge conformers. The results provide some of the first dynamic information about steady conformational changes in these enormous actinide macroions.
(Imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl‐1,3‐propanediones: Regioselective C–H Functionalization of the Imidazole Ring by Acylacetylene/Aldehyde Pairs
Authors: Trofimov Boris A. , Andriyankova Ludmila V. , Nikitina Lina P. , Belyaeva Kseniya V. , Mal'kina Anastasiya G. , Bagryanskaya Irina Yu. , Afonin Andrei V. , Ushakov Igor A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe metal‐free regioselective C‐2–H functionalization of 1‐substituted imidazoles has been effected by a cascade reaction with aromatic or heteroaromatic aldehydes and acylacetylenes under mild conditions (55–60 °C, MeCN) to give (imidazol‐2‐yl)methyl‐1,3‐propanediones in 22–77 %, mainly 40–70 % yields.
Cardiac arrest with vagal stimulation during intraoperative nerve monitoring
Authors: Almquist Martin , Thier Mark , Salem Farhad 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundIntraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) is widely used during thyroid surgery. During both intermittent and continuous IONM stimulation of the vagus nerve is performed. This has previously been reported to be safe.MethodsWe present our findings based on the case reports of 2 patients.ResultsIONM of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), following the standards of the International Neuromonitoring Study Group, was conducted in 2 patients, one undergoing thyroid surgery and the second parathyroid surgery. In both cases, after dissection and stimulation of the vagus nerve on 1 mAmp, the patients became asystolic. Resuscitation efforts were successful in both patients.ConclusionThese 2 cases demonstrate that stimulation of the vagus nerve during IONM can lead to profound cardiac events. Consideration should be given to these potential complications when utilizing IONM. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2419–E2420, 2016
Oncocytic carcinoma of the major salivary glands: A population‐based study of 278 cases
Authors: Zhan Kevin Y. , Lentsch Eric J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundOncocytic carcinomas of the major salivary glands are extremely rare, with <100 cases reported.MethodsA retrospective review of the National Cancer Database was performed from 1998 to 2012.ResultsWe found 278 cases of major salivary oncocytic carcinoma. Most patients were men (61.9%), white (84.8%), with parotid disease (88.5%). Median age was 67 years (range, 16–90 years). Regional and distant metastases were found in 36.4% and 4.7% of cases. Overall survival at 5 and 10‐years was 64% and 39%, respectively. Distant metastasis (hazard ratio [HR] = 13.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.98–64.52; p = .0010) and regional metastasis (HR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.20–7.55; p = .019) are significant negative predictors, whereas positive margins approached significance (HR = 3.01; 95% CI = 1.20–7.55; p = .074).ConclusionOncocytic carcinoma has a poor long‐term prognosis and lymph node metastases are common. Distant and regional metastases are significant predictors of decreased survival. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1981–E1986, 2016
Ketoconazole‐Associated Liver Injury in Drug‐Drug Interaction Studies in Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Banankhah Peymaan S. , Garnick Kyle A. , Greenblatt David J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKetoconazole is a potent CYP3A inhibitor in vivo, and frequently serves as an index CYP3A inhibitor in drug‐drug interaction (DDI) studies with healthy volunteers. Limitations restricting the use of systemic ketoconazole in such studies have been recently imposed by regulatory agencies in the United States, the European Union, and elsewhere. A risk of ketoconazole‐associated liver injury in the context of DDI studies was cited as the primary justification for these measures. To evaluate the basis for these restrictions, we analyzed a series of published DDI studies identified from a review of existing literature. The study set consisted of 53 DDI studies, and included 971 healthy volunteers with systemic ketoconazole exposure in addition to the victim drug under study. Ketoconazole‐associated abnormalities in serum chemistry values indicative of liver injury were observed in 4 subjects, representing a prevalence of 0.41% within the study population. There were no major adverse reactions or instances of hepatic failure. All abnormalities indicative of liver injury resolved upon discontinuation of ketoconazole treatment. The findings from this review do not support restriction of ketoconazole as an index CYP3A inhibitor in DDI studies involving healthy volunteers.