bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Classification and Renal Outcome in Patients with Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies-associated Renal Vasculitis: A Study of 186 Patients and Metaanalysis
Authors: Chen Yong-Xi , Xu Jing , Pan Xiao-Xia , Shen Ping-Yan , Li Xiao , Ren Hong , Chen Xiao-Nong , Ni Li-Yan , Zhang Wen , Chen Nan 
Published: December 2016

Objective.Renal vasculitis is one of the most common manifestations of antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) and renal histology is a key predictor of the outcome. A new histopathologic classification was proposed and validated, but the results are still debated.Methods.We performed a retrospective analysis to validate the histopathologic classification and performed a metaanalysis to evaluate its predictive value. There were 186 patients with ANCA-associated renal vasculitis diagnosed at Ruijin Hospital who were enrolled in the retrospective study. The metaanalysis considered the data for 1601 patients.Results.In our retrospective study, patients with focal class had the best renal outcome while patients with mixed class had the worst (p < 0.001). Metaanalysis showed that patients with focal class had better renal outcome than did those with crescentic class [risk ratio (RR) 0.23, 95% CI 0.16–0.34, p < 0.00001], with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.96). Patients with crescentic class had better renal outcome than did those with sclerotic class (RR 0.52, 95% CI 0.41–0.64, p < 0.00001), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 2%, p = 0.43). We did not find statistical significance regarding renal outcome between mixed and crescentic classes (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.91–1.43, p = 0.27), with no evidence of heterogeneity (I2 = 23%, p = 0.19). The retrospective study showed that lung and upper respiratory tract involvement were the most common extrarenal manifestations.Conclusion.We demonstrated the clinical utility of histopathologic classification in determining renal outcome in patients with AAV. Metaanalysis showed that patients with focal class had the best outcome while sclerotic class had the worst.
Action publique et politiques de diversification du mix énergétique vers les énergies renouvelables en Afrique de l’Ouest. Focus sur le cas des agrocarburants au Burkina Faso
Authors: Djerma Gatete Charly , Dabat Marie-Hélène , Gabas Jean-Jacques 
Published: December 2016

La diversification du mix énergétique vers les énergies renouvelables est un objectif politique majeur au Burkina Faso. Pourtant, cet objectif donne lieu à des politiques, des stratégies ou des programmes sectoriels élaborés sans grandes concertation et cohérence, avec un faible souci de leur mise en œuvre et isolés dans le jeu d’ensemble de l’action publique dans le domaine énergétique. Classification JEL : H11, O11, Q28, Q48
Rôle des infrastructures de transport dans la construction de l’espace économique ouest-africain
Authors: Abdo Hassan Maman 
Published: December 2016

Cet article analyse les contraintes relatives aux infrastructures de transport. Il pointe les coûts excessifs de transport découlant du piège de la géographie. Ces coûts de fret induisent une contre-performance des économies qui reflètent de faibles niveaux de commerce et de croissance. Ainsi, la construction de l’espace ouest-africain se trouve affectée par l’inefficacité des politiques d’infrastructures de transport. Classification JEL : N77, N97, O18, O40, R41
High-Resolution Adaptive Optics Retinal Image Analysis at Early Stage Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy With
PRPH2
Mutation
Authors: Gocho Kiyoko , Akeo Keiichiro , Itoh Naoko , Kameya Shuhei , Hayashi Takaaki , Katagiri Satoshi , Gekka Tamaki , Ohkuma Yasuhiro , Tsuneoka Hiroshi , Takahashi Hiroshi 
Published: December 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To report the clinical features of Japanese patients at Stage 1 and 2 of central areolar choroidal dystrophy (CACD).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

Five family members had comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including adaptive optics (AO) retinal imaging. Mutation analysis of the
PRPH2
gene was performed by Sanger sequencing. The protocol conformed to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the institutional review board of The Jikei University School of Medicine.

RESULTS:

Four family members had a heterozygous
PRPH2
mutation, p.R172Q; however, one member with a mutation did not show any ophthalmological abnormalities. Two patients had mild parafoveal retinal dystrophy and a reduction of cone density determined by AO analysis.

CONCLUSION:
The results indicate that the parafoveal cone photoreceptors can be affected even at the early stage of CACD.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:1115–1126.]
Le uates dans les Fastes d’Ovide : le double jeu de la Musa lasciua
Authors: Richer Cécile 
Published: December 2016

Ovide dans les Fastes affiche le projet d’abandonner son éthos de poète badin, éthos endossé dans les œuvres précédentes de registre élégiaque. Il entend adopter la posture officielle, celle du uates, présent chez Virgile dans l’Énéide : il serait le poète inspiré des dieux qui chante les valeurs nationales, glorifiant la famille du prince et adhérant à la propagande augustéenne. Mais on note des éléments de discordance, notamment dans l’origine de son inspiration : ce n’est pas la Muse épique mais le doctus princeps qui l’inspire, le transformant en poète de cour destiné à flatter. De plus, Ovide délègue souvent sa parole à une divinité quand ses connaissances lui font défaut. Ce procédé, fréquent dans les œuvres étiologiques, lui permet de se dissocier du discours tenu comme n’étant pas le sien et c’est justement dans ces passages que l’on retrouve une certaine moquerie à l’égard des héros fondateur (Romulus notamment), qui fondent la propagande augustéenne. Cette discordance entre l’éthos affiché et l’éthos en sourdine ainsi que le choix du mètre élégiaque montrerait qu’au contraire Ovide renoue dans cette œuvre avec sa Muse légère et taquine. Elle s’explique également par un contexte littéraire où les auteurs élégiaques réfléchissent à leur liberté de création, notamment par rapport à la politique et aux genres traditionnels.
L’éthos phallique de Claude Le Petit
Authors: Chaigne Dominique 
Published: December 2016

Le satirique s’octroie pour mission d’arracher les masques : sa poésie établit l’image d’un je dans toute sa masculinité, en construisant par contraste celui de l’homme féminisé. Il réaffirme ainsi le principe menacé de l’hétéronormativité dans la société du XVIIe siècle.
Robert de Montesquiou en ses miroirs limpides
Authors: Barde Cyril 
Published: December 2016

Dans la préface à l’édition définitive de ses recueils poétiques chez Georges Richard (1906), Robert de Montesquiou désigne Les Perles rouges comme le pivot de l’œuvre. À en croire l’écrivain, les sonnets historiques publiés en 1899 se distingueraient des premiers volumes, qui « paraissent avoir pour mission de travailler eux-mêmes à la rédaction de notre moi ». Les Perles rouges signalerait alors le moment d’une ressaisie de l’éthos auctorial. Cet article tente de situer ce geste éditorial au sein des enjeux éthiques qui dominent la carrière littéraire de Robert de Montesquiou, durablement affectée par l’assimilation de l’écrivain au personnage de des Esseintes. S’il convient de relativiser les démarcations rétrospectives proposées par le poète, il s’agit de montrer en quoi les Perles rouges construit un éthos sensiblement différent de celui qui prévaut dans la majorité des recueils publiés par Montesquiou au cours des années 1890.
De l’éthos du poète à l’éthos du théoricien : parcours croisés dans l’œuvre de Tristan Derème
Authors: Cyprès Amandine 
Published: December 2016

L’article interroge, à travers la pratique poétique et poéticienne de Tristan Derème, le rapport de l’éthos aux genres poétiques et argumentatifs. Il entend montrer comment Derème, en cultivant l’ironie et les contraintes d’écriture au sein du lyrisme Fantaisiste, puis en inventant un salon littéraire chargé de livrer des réflexions sur la poésie, fait bouger les frontières de ces genres, et questionne le concept d’éthos : quelle image le locuteur renvoie-t-il dans ces textes, et quelle est la place des contraintes génériques au sein de l’éthos ? Qu’en est-il de la prétendue adéquation locuteur-auteur lorsque l’énoncé est mis en doute par la distanciation ? Enfin, quelle est la place des éléments formels, de l’éclatement des locuteurs, du « décor », dans la construction de l’éthos ?
Factors Influencing Residency Program Selection by Medical Students Pursuing Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Alston Meredith J. , Metz Torri D. , Fothergill Russell , (Meg) Autry Amy , Wagner Sarah A. , Allshouse Amanda A. , Stephenson-Famy Alyssa 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Background
Little is known about the factors that influence medical student selection of obstetrics and gynecology (ob-gyn) residency programs.

Objective
We assessed the factors influencing residency program selection by fourth-year medical students pursuing ob-gyn training.

Methods
A voluntary, anonymous, 19-question survey of residency selection factors was distributed to all fourth-year medical students interviewing at 1 of 5 academic ob-gyn departments for a residency position during the 2013–2014 interview season. Participants were surveyed about the relative importance (not important, somewhat important, important) of various residency selection factors, including operative experience, exposure to subspecialties, curricular experience, access to fellowships, and administrative aspects of residency, including adherence to duty hour restrictions.

Results
Of 322 potential respondents, 262 (81%) completed the survey. Surgical training and training in laparoscopic surgery were deemed “important” by nearly all respondents (98%, 258 of 262, and 97%, 253 of 262, respectively). Factors that were considered “not important” by a significant group of respondents included maternity/paternity leave policies (22%, 58 of 259); opportunity for international rotations/electives (20%, 51 of 259); exposure to quality and safety initiatives (13%, 34 of 259); and training in abortion (13%, 34 of 262).

Conclusions
Fourth-year medical students identified surgical training as the most important factor in selecting an ob-gyn residency, a finding that is particularly relevant as decreasing and changing surgical volumes affect residency training in this specialty.
Radial polydactyly-revisiting its embryological, anatomical and etiological aspects
Authors: Ansari R. , Kadir F. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Radial Polydactyly is a frequently encountered congenital anomaly. What is known less about this anomaly is its diverse etiology. In this situation, this article sheds more light on the embryology ofthe upper limb, the presentation, classification and a discussion on the varied etiology ofradial Polydactyly. Methodology: Review ofvarious published literature from Scopus, PubMed central and Wiley's online library. Results: Latest research proves that the various expressions of Sonic hedgehog (SHH) is responsible for this condition in addition to its varied etiology ranging from environmental factors, maternal diabetes and thalidomide embryopathy to chromosomal mutations. Pediatric surgeons have classified radial polydactyly into various subtypes in respect to its presentation and surgical outcomes. Conclusion: this paper is a concise review of radial polydactyly, exploring its anatomical, embryological and etiological aspects. It can be concluded that both genetic and environmental factors are culprits in the pathogenesis of radial polydactyly, but strong evidence pointing out the causal relationship between the environmental factors and Sonic Hedgehog expression is yet to be explored.
Bilateral variations in the roots of origin of the phrenic nerve and absence of fibrous pericardium in an old male cadaver
Authors: Ahmadpour S. , Foghi K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPhrenic nerve provides the major motor supply to diaphragm. Various anatomical variations in the course and distribution of the phrenic nerve have reported before. Here we report a rare bilateral asymmetric variation in the roots of origin of the phrenic nerve and absence of fibrous pericardium in an old male cadaver. Specifically, the right phrenic nerve was arising from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5) and the left side nerve originated from the supraclavicular nerve and a tiny branch from C5. In the same cadaver both sides phrenic nerve were buried in the mediastinal pleura. Another interesting finding was absence of the fibrous pericardium. To the best of our knowledge the presented case showed a very rare variation in the roots of origin of the phrenic nerve accompanied with pericardial anomaly which has been less reported. We think such case is of practical importance during supraclavicular block during anesthesia
Bilateral variation of anterior belly of digastric muscle
Authors: Azeredo R. , Cesconetto L. , Torres L. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Digastric is a suprahyoid muscle and usually consists of two bellies. Its action consists in drawing the mental region downwards and backwards when opening the mouth, resulting in the depression of the mandible. Methods and Results: During a routine dissection of the cervical region, a muscle bundle arising from the intermediary tendon going towards the middle line was found. The supranumerary belly arised from the intermediary tendon so that some bundles inserted on the middle rafe and others continued towards the mento and inserted on the belly of mylohyoid muscle at the same side. These anatomic variations on the anterior belly of the digastric muscle could be significant during surgical procedures involving the submental region. Conclusion: Besides this surgical importance, we suggest that these supranumerary bellies have no direct action on the mandible, but on the floor of the mouth, due to its insertions on the mylohyoid muscle.
Gross anatomy of the narial and labial musculatures of one humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)
Authors: Adam Z. , Awaad A. , Tawfiek M. , Ibrahim A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this study was to clarify the anatomy of the narial and labial musculatures of the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius) and their nerve supply. Materials and Methods: Sixteen head specimens from adult and symptomatically healthy camels of both sexes were used. The muscles of the nostrils and lips were carefully dissected and illustrated to demonstrate their origin, insertion and relations. The nerves in this area were also dissected to show their branches and distribution. Results: The dissection of these regions revealed that their muscles were arranged in three layers; the superficial layer included M. dilator naris apicalis, M. dilator naris medialis and M. levator nasolabialis, the middle layer was formed of maxillo-labial group of muscles (M. levator labii superioris, M. dilator naris lateralis and M. depressor labii superioris) and the deep layer was formed by M. lateralis nasi. Moreover, the lips had M. orbicularis oris, M. incisivus superioris, M. incisivus inferioris and M. mentalis, however, the M. depressor labii inferioris was absent in the animal under investigation. The muscles of nostrils and lips were innervated by N. trigeminus (V) and N. facialis (VII). Conclusion: The arrangement of the narial and labial muscles is unique and may relate to its living conditions of frequent sand-storms and direct sun rays, where the camel is the only domesticated animal known for its ability to close its nostril.
Effects of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal supplementation on chicken intestinal structure and growth performance
Authors: Kavoi B. , Gakuya D. , Mbugua P. , Kiama S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: This study examined the effect of dietary Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MoLM) supplementation on intestinal structure vis-à-vis body weight gain in chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 120-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned to four groups, each with three replicates, 10 birds per replicate. Broiler feed supplemented with different quantities of MoLM, viz.: group T1 (control) - 0%, T2- 7.5%, T3- 15% and T4- 30%, was fed to the birds for 38 days, after which six birds/group were randomly selected and euthanized for histological work. Results: Normal histology was evident in the various intestinal components except the lamina propria and crypts in T4 and villus muscle strands in T3 and T4 where degenerative changes were observed. Villus height, crypt depth, muscle wall thickness and villus area in T1 (controls) were 935.6 pm, 173.8 pm, 192.5 pm and 0.19 mm-2, respectively. Relative to the controls, an increase in the afore mentioned measurements was noted in T2 (6.4%, 8.4%, 10.6% and 10.5%, respectively) while a reduction was recorded in T3 (16.1°%, 10.8°%, 14.8°% and 15.8°%, respectively) and T4 (20.1°%, 14.7°%, 18.3°% and 21.1°%, respectively). Body weight gain within the feeding period increased 31.2, 37.6, 23.9 and 10.9-fold in T1, T2, T3 and T4, respectively. Notably though, feed intake and villus height/ crypt depth ratio were not significantly different (p < 0.05) between dietary treatments. Conclusion: Inclusion of M. oleifera in the diet should be done in moderation as quantities ≥ 15% interfere with intestinal structure and consequently body weight gain.
Cytoarchitecture and brain-derived neurotrophic factor immunolocalisation in the cerebellar cortex of African grasscutter (Thryonomys Swinderianus)
Authors: Ibe C. , Ojo S. , Salami S. , Ayo J. , Nlebedum U. , Ikpegbu E. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The study described the lamina organization and immunolocalisation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the cerebellar cortex of the African grasscutter, at defined postnatal periods. Materials and Method: Brain samples extracted from African grasscutter neonates on postnatal day 3, juveniles on postnatal day 72 and adults on postnatal day 450 were prepared for routine histology and immunohistochemistry, using antibody specific to brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Results: On postnatal day 3, all the laminae typical of the concentric lamina organisation of the mammalian cerebellar cortex were evident, but, and external germinal layer was also observed. On postnatal day 72, and thereafter, the external germinal layer was no more evident. On postnatal day 3, the tree-like arrangement (Arbor vitae) of the cerebellum was not very striking, as the interlobular fissures were incomplete. On postnatal day 72, the Arbor vitae were better presented, as more lobules had been completely separated by interlobular fissures; although, there were some incompletely separated lobules, presented with interlobular fissural lines. On postnatal day 450, the lobules were distinct as the interlobular fissures separated all the vermal and hemispheric lobules. In all the postnatal periods, the granule cell layer was the most populated, while the Purkinje layer was a single cell line of Purkinje neurones. At all postnatal periods, strong immunoreactivity to brain-derived neurotrophic factor was observed in the Purkinje layer; the cell bodies and dendrites of all Purkinje neurones were immunoreactive; while the nuclei in neonate Purkinje neurons where not immunoreactive, the nuclei in the adults were immunoreactive. The cerebellar granule cells were not brain-derived neurotrophic factor immunoreactive, suggestive of their non-synthesis or loss of the synthesized protein, by anterograde axonal transport, to paracrine function. Conclusion: These findings and others were related to some behaviours of the African grasscutter, and compared with similar report in other rodents.
How Contemporary Psychology Supports Central Elements of Simḥah Zissel's Picture of Character
Authors: Miller Christian B. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This is a contribution to the book symposium on Professor Geoffrey Claussen's book Sharing the Burden: Rabbi Simḥah Zissel Ziv and the Path of Musar. These brief comments note that when Simḥah Zissel was writing, he did not have the benefit of results from controlled experimental studies in psychology that we do today. Remarkably, though, it turns out that many of his empirical claims hold up quite well in light of recent findings. This article will focus on just two topics that figure prominently in Professor Claussen's book: human nature and the virtue of love.
Maintaining Oppositions in Musar
Authors: Cooper Andrea Dara 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn Sharing the Burden: Rabbi Simḥah Zissel Ziv and the Path of Musar, Geoffrey Claussen presents Simḥah Zissel as frequently caught between seemingly opposing modes that he aimed to reconcile. Simḥah Zissel succeeded in setting up an isolated learning community for his students while exposing them to general Haskalah studies. He insisted upon loving others, while highlighting the withdrawal from worldly pleasures as a virtue. He was a committed educator who valued private study and meditation, a solitude seeker who nonetheless valued politics and the active marketplace, aspiring to reach a large audience and yet cultivating his ideas of fellowship behind the walls of an insular academy. Claussen's book provides us with an essential background to both contemporary Jewish thought and the growing field of Jewish studies today. Simḥah Zissel allows us to see how Jewish learning expanded, balancing oppositions, and embracing contradictions.
Extrafiscalidade e incentivos à inovação tecnológica
Authors: Laks Larissa Rodrigues 
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo procura refletir sobre as bases teóricas da extrafiscalidade e sua aplicação no incentivo à inovação tecnológica, mostrando como evoluiu na última década a legislação brasileira no que se refere ao estímulo, por meio de renúncia de impostos, às atividades de pesquisa e desenvolvimento (P&D). Em particular, analisa-se o caso da Lei do Bem (Lei 11.196/2005) e constata-se que, apesar do incremento no número de empresas que passaram a acessar o programa de incentivos fiscais, sua abrangência ainda é limitada, e que as empresas brasileiras ainda investem pouco em pesquisa e desenvolvimento, o que pode ser atribuído ao risco que o negócio representa, à cultura conservadora, à burocracia interna, além da insegurança jurídica em torno do marco regulatório.