bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eight‐year follow‐up in pediatric living donor kidney recipients receiving alemtuzumab induction
Authors: Kaabak Michael M. , Babenko Nadeen N. , Shapiro Ron , Maschan Alexey A. , Zokoev Allan K. , Schekaturov Stanislav V. , Vyunkova Julia N. , Dymova Olga V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecipient lymphocytes are crucial for direct and indirect pathways of allorecognition. We proposed that the administration of alemtuzumab several weeks pretransplantation could eradicate peripheral lymphatic cells and promote donor‐specific acceptance. This was a single‐center, retrospective review of 101 consecutive living donor kidney transplantations in pediatric patients (age 7 months—18 years), performed between September 2006 and April 2010. IS protocol included two 30 mg doses of alemtuzumab: The first was given 12‐29 days prior to transplantation, and the second at the time of transplantation. Maintenance IS was based on combination of low‐dose CNI and mycophenolate, with steroids tapered over the first 5 days post‐transplantation. Patients were followed for 7.8±1.3 years, and protocol biopsies were taken 1 month, 1, 3, and 5 years post‐transplant. The Kaplan‐Meier 8‐year patient and graft survival rates in the cyclosporine‐treated patients were 82.0±7.3% and 71.6±7.3, and in the tacrolimus‐treated patients were 97.2±5.4 and 83.8±6.0%. Biopsy‐proven acute rejection developed in 35% of cyclosporine‐treated patients and in 8% of tacrolimus‐treated patients. Alemtuzumab pretreatment prior to LRD kidney transplantation, followed by maintenance immunosuppression with tacrolimus and MMF, is associated with reasonable long‐term results in pediatric patients.
Support for Policies on Entrepreneurship and Self‐Employment among Parties and Coalition Governments
Authors: Debus Marc , Tosun Jale , Maxeiner Marcel 
Published: June 2017

We argue that political parties take not only the economic conditions into account when developing a position on entrepreneurship and self‐employment but also consider the “heritage” of a socialist state, which can influence the preferences of voters regarding this issue area. We test our hypotheses on the basis of an analysis of election manifestos and coalition agreements. We focus on the German case since unification allows for comparing electorates socialized in a market economy in the West German states and in a socialist economy in East Germany by holding the institutional setting constant. The results support our hypotheses that growing economic problems increase the saliency of entrepreneurship and self‐employment and that differences between parties exist: Christian democratic and liberal parties emphasize entrepreneurship and self‐employment in their manifestos more than green or socialist parties. In addition, governments including Christian democratic and liberals agree on more market‐liberal policies in coalition agreements compared to left‐wing governments.Related ArticlesWenzelburger,Georg, andHelgeStaff.2016. “.”Politics & Policy44():319‐350.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12151/abstractKönig,Pascal, andGeorgWenzelburger.2014. “.”Politics & Policy42():400‐430.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12076/abstractRennie,Henry G.2008. “.”Politics & Policy36():193‐196.http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2007.00100.x/fullRelated Media.https://www.cupesse.euhttps://www.mzes.uni-mannheim.de
A Birther and a Truther: The Influence of the Authoritarian Personality on Conspiracy Beliefs
Authors: Richey Sean 
Published: June 2017

I find that 10 percent of Americans believe in both “trutherism” and “birtherism.” Even among citizens who say they like Bush or Obama, or are from the same party, many still believe in conspiracies implicating the presidents. It is crucial to understand why so many Americans believe obviously erroneous conspiracies that denigrate a president who otherwise has their support. I predict that the authoritarian personality creates a predisposition to believe in conspiracies based on the tendency of those high in this trait to have greater anxiety and cognitive difficulties with higher order thinking. Using 2012 American National Election Study data, I find a clear and robust relationship between the authoritarian personality and conspiratorial beliefs. In all models, authoritarianism is a chief predictor for a predisposition toward both conspiratorial beliefs. This suggests that psychological propensities are an important explanation of why so many citizens believe in conspiracy theories.Related Articles

Miller, Michael K.,
Guanchun Wang,
Sanjeev R. Kulkarni,
H. Vincent Poor, and
Daniel N. Osherson. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 1019‐1052. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00394.x/full

Norman, Emma R., and
Rafael Delfin. 2012. “.” Politics & Policy 40 (): 369‐402. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1747-1346.2012.00356.x/full

Joslyn, Mark R., and
Donald P. Haider‐Markel. 2014. “.” Politics & Policy 42 (): 919‐947. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/polp.12098/full
Related Media
. 2017. http://www.electionstudies.org/

. n.d. http://personality-testing.info/tests/RWAS/
Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the water scavenger beetle tribe Hydrobiusini inferred from morphology and molecules (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Hydrophilinae)
Authors: SHORT ANDREW E. Z. , COLE JEFFREY , TOUSSAINT EMMANUEL F. A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe water scavenger beetle tribe Hydrobiusini contains 47 species in eight genera distributed worldwide. Most species of the tribe are aquatic, although several species are known to occur in waterfalls or tree mosses. Some members of the tribe are known to communicate via underwater stridulation. While recent morphological and molecular‐based phylogenies have affirmed the monophyly of the tribe as currently circumscribed, doubts remain about the monophyly of included genera. Here we use morphological and molecular data to infer a species‐level phylogeny of the Hydrobiusini. The monophyly of the tribe is decisively supported, as is the monophyly of most genera. The genus Hydrobius was found to be polyphyletic, and as a result the genus Limnohydrobius stat. rev. is removed from synonymy with Hydrobius, yielding three new combinations: L. melaenus comb.n., L. orientalis comb.n., and L. tumbius comb.n. Recent changes to the species‐level taxonomy of Hydrobius are reviewed. The morphology of the stridulatory apparatus has undergone a single remarkable transformation within the lineage, from a simple, unmodified pars stridens to one that is highly organized and complex. We present an updated key to genera, revised generic diagnoses and a list of the known distributions for all species within the tribe.
An
In Vitro
Enzyme System for the Production of
myo
-Inositol from Starch
Authors: Fujisawa Tomoko , Fujinaga Shohei , Atomi Haruyuki 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

We developed an
in vitro
enzyme system to produce
myo
-inositol from starch. Four enzymes were used, maltodextrin phosphorylase (MalP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM),
myo
-inositol-3-phosphate synthase (MIPS), and inositol monophosphatase (IMPase). The enzymes were thermostable: MalP and PGM from the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Thermococcus kodakarensis
, MIPS from the hyperthermophilic archaeon
Archaeoglobus fulgidus
, and IMPase from the hyperthermophilic bacterium
Thermotoga maritima
. The enzymes were individually produced in
Escherichia coli
and partially purified by subjecting cell extracts to heat treatment and removing denatured proteins. The four enzyme samples were incubated at 90°C with amylose, phosphate, and NAD
+
, resulting in the production of
myo
-inositol with a yield of over 90% at 2 h. The effects of varying the concentrations of reaction components were examined. When the system volume was increased and NAD
+
was added every 2 h, we observed the production of 2.9 g
myo
-inositol from 2.9 g amylose after 7 h, achieving gram-scale production with a molar conversion of approximately 96%. We further integrated the pullulanase from
T. maritima
into the system and observed
myo
-inositol production from soluble starch and raw potato with yields of 73% and 57 to 61%, respectively.

IMPORTANCE
myo
-Inositol is an important nutrient for human health and provides a wide variety of benefits as a dietary supplement. This study demonstrates an alternative method to produce
myo
-inositol from starch with an
in vitro
enzyme system using thermostable maltodextrin phosphorylase (MalP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM),
myo
-inositol-3-phosphate synthase, and
myo
-inositol monophosphatase. By utilizing MalP and PGM to generate glucose 6-phosphate, we can avoid the addition of phosphate donors such as ATP, the use of which would not be practical for scaled-up production of
myo
-inositol.
myo
-Inositol was produced from amylose on the gram scale with yields exceeding 90%. Conversion rates were also high, producing over 2 g of
myo
-inositol within 4 h in a 200-ml reaction mixture. By adding a thermostable pullulanase, we produced
myo
-inositol from raw potato with yields of 57 to 61% (wt/wt). The system developed here should provide an attractive alternative to conventional methods that rely on extraction or microbial production of
myo
-inositol.
Efficacy of Neutral Electrolyzed Water for Inactivation of Human Norovirus
Authors: Moorman Eric , Montazeri Naim , Jaykus Lee-Ann 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Human norovirus (NoV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Persistence on surfaces and resistance to many conventional disinfectants contribute to widespread transmission of norovirus. We examined the efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW; pH 7) for inactivation of human NoV GII.4 Sydney in suspension (ASTM method 1052-11) and on stainless steel surfaces (ASTM method 1053-11) with and without an additional soil load. The impact of the disinfectant on viral capsid was assessed using reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR; with an RNase pretreatment), SDS-PAGE, transmission electron microscopy, and a histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) receptor-binding assay. These studies were done in parallel with those using Tulane virus (TuV), a cultivable human NoV surrogate. Neutral electrolyzed water at 250 ppm free available chlorine produced a 4.8- and 0.4-log
10
reduction in NoV genome copy number after 1 min in suspension and on stainless steel, respectively. Increasing the contact time on surfaces to 5, 10, 15, and 30 min reduced human NoV genomic copies by 0.5, 1.6, 2.4, and 5.0 log
10
and TuV infectious titers by 2.4, 3.0, 3.8, and 4.1 log
10
PFU, respectively. Increased soil load effectively eliminated antiviral efficacy regardless of testing method and virus. Exposure to NEW induced a near complete loss of receptor binding (5 ppm, 30 s), degradation of VP1 major capsid protein (250 ppm, 5 min), and increased virus particle aggregation (150 ppm, 30 min). Neutral electrolyzed water at 250 ppm shows promise as an antinoroviral disinfectant when used on precleaned stainless steel surfaces.

IMPORTANCE
Norovirus is the leading cause of acute viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Transmission occurs by fecal-oral or vomitus-oral routes. The persistence of norovirus on contaminated environmental surfaces exacerbates its spread, as does its resistance to many conventional disinfectants. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the antinoroviral efficacy of neutral electrolyzed water (NEW), a novel chlorine-based disinfectant that can be used at reduced concentrations, making it more environmentally friendly and less corrosive than bleach. An industrial-scale electrochemical activation device capable of producing relatively stable electrolyzed water at a wide pH range was used in this study. Experiments showed that 250 ppm NEW effectively eliminated (defined as a 5-log
10
reduction) human norovirus GII.4 Sydney (epidemic strain) on clean stainless steel surfaces after a 30-min exposure. Supporting studies showed that, like bleach, NEW causes inactivation by disrupting the virus capsid. This product shows promise as a bleach alternative with antinoroviral efficacy.
Vibrio cholerae Colonization of Soft-Shelled Turtles
Authors: Wang Jiazheng , Yan Meiying , Gao He , Lu Xin , Kan Biao 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Vibrio cholerae
is an important human pathogen and environmental microflora species that can both propagate in the human intestine and proliferate in zooplankton and aquatic organisms. Cholera is transmitted through food and water. In recent years, outbreaks caused by
V. cholerae
-contaminated soft-shelled turtles, contaminated mainly with toxigenic serogroup O139, have been frequently reported, posing a new foodborne disease public health problem. In this study, the colonization by toxigenic
V. cholerae
on the body surfaces and intestines of soft-shelled turtles was explored. Preferred colonization sites on the turtle body surfaces, mainly the carapace and calipash of the dorsal side, were observed for the O139 and O1 strains. Intestinal colonization was also found. The colonization factors of
V. cholerae
played different roles in the colonization of the soft-shelled turtle's body surface and intestine. Mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) of
V. cholerae
was necessary for body surface colonization, but no roles were found for toxin-coregulated pili (TCP) or
N
-acetylglucosamine-binding protein A (GBPA). Both TCP and GBPA play important roles for colonization in the intestine, whereas the deletion of MSHA revealed only a minor colonization-promoting role for this factor. Our study demonstrated that
V. cholerae
can colonize the surfaces and the intestines of soft-shelled turtles and indicated that the soft-shelled turtles played a role in the transmission of cholera. In addition, this study showed that the soft-shelled turtle has potential value as an animal model in studies of the colonization and environmental adaption mechanisms of
V. cholerae
in aquatic organisms.

IMPORTANCE
Cholera is transmitted through water and food. Soft-shelled turtles contaminated with
Vibrio cholerae
(commonly the serogroup O139 strains) have caused many foodborne infections and outbreaks in recent years, and they have become a foodborne disease problem. Except for epidemiological investigations, no experimental studies have demonstrated the colonization by
V. cholerae
on soft-shelled turtles. The present studies will benefit our understanding of the interaction between
V. cholerae
and the soft-shelled turtle. We demonstrated the colonization by
V. cholerae
on the soft-shelled turtle's body surface and in the intestine and revealed the different roles of major
V. cholerae
factors for colonization on the body surface and in the intestine. Our work provides experimental evidence for the role of soft-shelled turtles in cholera transmission. In addition, this study also shows the possibility for the soft-shelled turtle to serve as a new animal model for studying the interaction between
V. cholerae
and aquatic hosts.
Novel Microbial Assemblages Dominate Weathered Sulfide-Bearing Rock from Copper-Nickel Deposits in the Duluth Complex, Minnesota, USA
Authors: Jones Daniel S. , Lapakko Kim A. , Wenz Zachary J. , Olson Michael C. , Roepke Elizabeth W. , Sadowsky Michael J. , Novak Paige J. , Bailey Jake V. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

The Duluth Complex in northeastern Minnesota hosts economically significant deposits of copper, nickel, and platinum group elements (PGEs). The primary sulfide mineralogy of these deposits includes the minerals pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, pentlandite, and cubanite, and weathering experiments show that most sulfide-bearing rock from the Duluth Complex generates moderately acidic leachate (pH 4 to 6). Microorganisms are important catalysts for metal sulfide oxidation and could influence the quality of water from mines in the Duluth Complex. Nevertheless, compared with that of extremely acidic environments, much less is known about the microbial ecology of moderately acidic sulfide-bearing mine waste, and so existing information may have little relevance to those microorganisms catalyzing oxidation reactions in the Duluth Complex. Here, we characterized the microbial communities in decade-long weathering experiments (kinetic tests) conducted on crushed rock and tailings from the Duluth Complex. Analyses of 16S rRNA genes and transcripts showed that differences among microbial communities correspond to pH, rock type, and experimental treatment. Moreover, microbial communities from the weathered Duluth Complex rock were dominated by taxa that are not typically associated with acidic mine waste. The most abundant operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were from the genera
Meiothermus
and
Sulfuriferula
, as well as from diverse clades of uncultivated
Chloroflexi
,
Acidobacteria
, and
Betaproteobacteria
. Specific taxa, including putative sulfur-oxidizing
Sulfuriferula
spp., appeared to be primarily associated with Duluth Complex rock, but not pyrite-bearing rocks subjected to the same experimental treatment. We discuss the implications of these results for the microbial ecology of moderately acidic mine waste with low sulfide content, as well as for kinetic testing of mine waste.

IMPORTANCE
Economic sulfide mineral deposits in the Duluth Complex may represent the largest undeveloped source of copper and nickel on Earth. Microorganisms are important catalysts for sulfide mineral oxidation, and research on extreme acidophiles has improved our ability to manage and remediate mine wastes. We found that the microbial assemblages associated with weathered rock from the Duluth Complex are dominated by organisms not widely associated with mine waste or mining-impacted environments, and we describe geochemical and experimental influences on community composition. This report will be a useful foundation for understanding the microbial biogeochemistry of moderately acidic mine waste from these and similar deposits.
Physical stimulation of newborn infants in the delivery room
Authors: Gaertner Vincent D , Flemmer Sophie A , Lorenz Laila , Davis Peter G , Kamlin C Omar Farouk 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveNeonatal resuscitation guidelines recommend that newborn infants are stimulated to assist with the establishment of regular respirations. The mode, site of application and frequency of stimulations are not stipulated in these guidelines. The effectiveness of stimulation in improving neonatal transition outcomes is poorly described.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective review of video recordings of neonatal resuscitation at a tertiary perinatal centre. Four different types of stimulation (drying, chest rub, back rub and foot flick) were defined a priori and the frequency and infant response were documented.ResultsA total of 120 video recordings were reviewed. Seventy-five (63%) infants received at least one episode of stimulation and 70 (58%) infants were stimulated within the first minute after birth. Stimulation was less commonly provided to infants <30 weeks’ gestation (median (IQR) number of stimulations: 0 (0–1)) than infants born ≥30 weeks’ gestation (1 (1–3); p<0.001). The most common response to stimulation was limb movement followed by infant cry and facial grimace. Truncal stimulation (drying, chest rub, back rub) was associated with more crying and movement than foot flicks.ConclusionLess mature infants are stimulated less frequently compared with more mature infants and many very preterm infants do not receive any stimulation. Most infants were stimulated within the first minute as recommended in resuscitation guidelines. Rubbing the trunk may be most effective but this needs to be confirmed in prospective studies.
Evaluation of optical coherence tomography angiographic findings in Alzheimer’s type dementia
Authors: Bulut Mehmet , Kurtuluş Fatma , Gözkaya Onursal , Erol Muhammet Kazım , Cengiz Ayşe , Akıdan Melih , Yaman Aylin 
Published: June 2017

Background/AimsTo identify the retinal vascular pathologies in patients with Alzheimer’s type dementia (ATD) through optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) imaging.MethodsOur study included 26 patients in the patient group, and age-matched and sex-matched 26 subjects in the control group. A detailed ophthalmological and neurological examination was performed for all subjects included in the study. The retinal, choroidal vascular structures and choroidal thickness (CT) of all subjects were analysed in a detailed way with a commercial spectral domain OCTA. Moreover, all participants underwent detailed neurological examination including Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) test to evaluate cognitive function.ResultsIn the group of patients with ATD, the MMSE score was significantly lower than that of the control group (p<0.001). The retinal vascular density was significantly lower than that of the control group in all zones (p<0.05). Foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was significantly enlarged compared with the control group (p=0.001). CT was significantly lower in the group of patients with ATD (p<0.001). Outer retinal and choroidal flow rates were lower in the group of patients with ATD, while the difference was not significant (p>0.05). Furthermore, significant correlation was found between the MMSE and all vascular density parameters, CT parameter and FAZ tested with OCTA imaging (p<0.05).ConclusionsIn patients with ATD, retinal and choroidal vascular pathologies detected through OCTA imaging can be used as a new biomarker in the early diagnosis of the disease, follow-up of its progression and in investigating the efficacy of the drugs.
Are self-reported unhealthy food choices associated with an increased risk of breast cancer? Prospective cohort study using the British Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system
Authors: Deschasaux Mélanie , Julia Chantal , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Lécuyer Lucie , Adriouch Solia , Méjean Caroline , Ducrot Pauline , Péneau Sandrine , Latino-Martel Paule , Fezeu Léopold K , Fassier Philippine , Hercberg Serge , Touvier Mathilde 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesFrench authorities are considering the implementation of a simplified nutrition labelling system on food products to help consumers make healthier food choices. One of the most documented candidates (Five-Colour Nutrition Label/Nutri-score) is based on the British Food Standards Agency Nutrient Profiling System (FSA-NPS), a score calculated for each food/beverage using the 100 g amount of energy, sugar, saturated fatty acid, sodium, fibres, proteins, and fruits and vegetables. To assess its potential public health relevance, studies were conducted on the association between the nutritional quality of the diet, measured at the individual level by an energy-weighted mean of all FSA-NPS scores of foods usually consumed (FSA-NPS dietary index (FSA-NPS DI)), and the risk of chronic diseases. The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between the FSA-NPS DI and breast cancer risk.DesignProspective study.SettingPopulation based, NutriNet-Santé cohort, France.Participants46 864 women aged ≥35 years who completed ≥3 24-hour dietary records during their first 2 year of follow-up.Primary outcome measureAssociations between FSA-NPS DI and breast cancer risk (555 incident breast cancers diagnosed between 2009 and 2015) were characterised by multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard models.ResultsA higher FSA-NPS DI (lower nutritional quality of the diet) was associated with an increased breast cancer risk (HR1-point increment=1.06 (1.02–1.11), p=0.005; HRQ5vs.Q1=1.52 (1.11–2.08), p trend=0.002). Similar trends were observed in premenopausal and postmenopausal women (HR1-point increment=1.09 (1.01–1.18) and 1.05 (1.00–1.11), respectively).This study was based on an observational cohort using self-reported dietary data, thus residual confounding cannot be entirely ruled out. Finally, this holistic approach does not allow investigating which factors in the diet most specifically influence breast cancer risk.ConclusionsThese results suggested that unhealthy food choices, as characterised by the FSA-NPS, may be associated with an increase in breast cancer risk, supporting the potential public health relevance of using this profiling system in the framework of public health nutritional measures.