bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Swimming Performance of Rock Carp Procypris rabaudi and Prenant's Schizothoracin Schizothorax prenanti Acclimated to Total Dissolved Gas Supersaturated Water
Authors: Wang Yuanming , An Ruidong , Li Yong , Li Kefeng 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Total dissolved gas (TDG) supersaturation is becoming an increasingly serious problem in the upper Yangtze River basin and has been identified as a potentially negative environmental effect of hydropower development and operations. Juvenile Rock Carp Procypris rabaudi and Prenant's Schizothoracin Schizothorax prenanti dwell in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and were selected as experimental fish to evaluate the impact of TDG supersaturation on swimming performance. The results showed that the swimming speeds of Rock Carp and Prenant's Schizothoracin differed significantly under different exposure times to TDG-supersaturated water (129–131%). Exposure of fish to supersaturated TDG for 2 and 4 h with no recovery resulted in significantly lower critical swimming (Ucrit) and burst swimming (Uburst) speeds compared with those of fish not exposed to supersaturated TDG. The Ucrit and Uburst values for Rock Carp not exposed to supersaturated TDG were 1.4–1.6 times higher than those of fish exposed to supersaturated TDG for 2 h and 1.9–2.0 times higher than those of fish exposed for 4 h. Similarly, the Ucrit and Uburst values for Prenant's Schizothoracin not exposed to supersaturated TDG were 1.4–1.8 times higher than those of fish exposed to supersaturated TDG for 2 h and 2.5–3.1 times higher than those of fish exposed for 4 h. Fish that were exposed to supersaturated TDG for 2 and 4 h and then allowed to recover for 2 d swam better than fish exposed to supersaturated TDG for the same amount of time without recovery. Although a 2-d recovery improved swimming performance over that of fish not allowed to recover, only the Rock Carp (and not the Prenant's Schizothoracin) returned to the swimming speeds observed in the control fish not exposed to supersaturated TDG. The results of our research can be applied to the operation of hydropower stations and can contribute fundamental data for establishing water-related environmental standards in China.
Received December 4, 2016; accepted July 1, 2017 Published online October 11, 2017
Two cases of small bowel obstruction due to a shiitake mushroom
Authors: Tan Jinfu , Yuan Kaitao , Zuo Jidong , Dai Weigang , Yuan Yujie , Feng Weidong , Tan Min , Ma Jinping 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes), known as Xiang-gu in China, has been an important component of Asian cuisine for hundreds of years. Although not easily digestible, there are few reports of them causing bowel obstruction. We present two cases of small bowel obstruction due to a shiitake mushroom requiring surgical intervention. Two patients who did not have any teeth and did not use dentures presented with intestinal bowel obstruction and were referred to the Emergency Department of our hospital after eating a meal including shiitake mushrooms without cutting. The first patient underwent an emergency laparotomy and a semental small bowel resection and the other underwent laparoscopic small bowel incision for removal of a foreign body. The causes of the small bowel obstruction for the two patients were uncut shiitake mushrooms in the small bowel. The two patients recovered uneventfully post-operatively.
Wyoming Producer Priorities and Perceptions of Alfalfa Insect Pests
Authors: Jabbour Randa , Noy Shiri 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough insect pest management in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. [Fabales: Fabaceae]) hay remains a major challenge in the Western United States, we know comparatively little about the producer priorities and perceptions of alfalfa insect pests. Given the importance of alfalfa to Wyoming agriculture, we sought to better understand producer priorities regarding insect pest management in alfalfa. We developed a survey instrument that was mailed to 3,141 individuals by the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS). We received 634 returned surveys, a response rate of 20.7% of all Wyoming alfalfa producers. Respondents were asked to list all insect pests they had encountered in their experience growing alfalfa, and then to select the most problematic from the list they generated. Sixty-six percent of respondents named alfalfa weevil Hypera postica (Gyllenhal; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) as the most problematic insect pest they had encountered. Eighteen percent of respondents named grasshoppers (Orthoptera) as most problematic, and 8% of respondents named aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Producers indicated a variety of agronomic, economic, biological, and weather-related reasons that rendered these insects as problematic pests. For each of the three most problematic pests, insecticide application and early harvest of hay were practiced by the largest number of Wyoming producers according to our survey results. For all three of these pests, insecticides are both used most often and considered most effective by the most respondents. These findings suggest an important opportunity for future research on integrated insect pest management.
Mindfulness for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Luiggi-Hernandez José G , Woo Jean , Hamm Megan , Greco Carol M , Weiner Debra K , Morone Natalia E 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveMindfulness is a nonpharmacologic mind-body therapy that has been shown to be effective in older adults with chronic low back pain (cLBP). There are few first-person accounts in the literature that describe the older adult experience and perspective while learning mindfulness and meditation to treat pain. The objective of this study was to investigate dominant themes present in the experiences of older adults applying mindfulness and meditation to cope with cLBP.DesignQualitative analysis of four focus groups.SubjectTwenty-five adults age 65 years or older who had completed an eight-week mindfulness program.MethodsThe focus groups met for a comprehensive discussion session about their experience with mindfulness and meditation. The audio for each session was recorded, and the discussions were transcribed. Codebook development, qualitative coding, and thematic analysis were performed. The coders each coded all four transcripts, following which they met to adjudicate all coding differences until they were in complete agreement on coding.ResultsSeveral key themes were brought up by older adults utilizing mindfulness as a means of coping with pain, which included overcoming fear of pain (“Before [learning mindfulness], I used to dread pain”), pain awareness (“You’re focusing more on being aware than the pain; now that’s what helps me”), and pain significance (“It becomes insignificant”).ConclusionsThe themes identify several ways mindfulness impacts older adults with cLBP, including decreased negative emotions related to chronic pain such as fear of pain, a different perspective or change in awareness about pain, and reducing the significance of pain.
Forearm Pronation Osteotomy for Supination Contracture Secondary to Obstetrical Brachial Plexus Palsy: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Gladstein Aharon Z. , Sachleben Brant , Ho Emily S. , Anthony Alison , Clarke Howard M. , Hopyan Sevan 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Obstetrical brachial plexus palsy can lead to fixed forearm supination contracture. Fixed supination may lead to functional deficits as the affected hand cannot be positioned optimally for activities on a desk such as writing and typing, or for using tools including utensils, which require a neutral or pronated forearm. Forearm pronation osteotomy has been used to address this problem, although the functional benefit over nonoperative management has not been clearly defined. Potentially deleterious consequences on hand function that requires supination or fine motor skills are also uncertain.

Methods:
Patients with fixed forearm supination contracture were selected from our institutional brachial plexus database. Those who underwent both bone forearm rotational osteotomy were analyzed for age at time of surgery, preoperative forearm resting position, active and passive supination and pronation, and preoperative function assessed by the brachial plexus outcome measure (BPOM) and active movement scale (AMS). Preoperative results were compared with values obtained at follow-up at least 12 months postoperatively. A matched cohort of children with fixed forearm supination contracture that were treated nonoperatively and followed for at least 12 months, was also selected. For this group, forearm resting position, movement, AMS, and BPOM scores were analyzed at a baseline clinic visit and the most recent follow-up. Changes in forearm resting position, AMS, and BPOM activity scale scores were then compared between groups.

Results:
Records were obtained for 14 cases and 10 controls. Study groups were similar with respect to resting forearm position, hand function, and time from initial to final evaluation. Groups differed with respect to age and active supination. We observed a statistically significant change in resting position among operative patients compared with their preoperative status and compared with controls. Hand-specific AMS score did not change significantly in the operative group as compared with controls. The BPOM score for drums, reflective of function in neutral rotation to mild pronation, improved in the operated patients as compared with controls. There was no loss of plate holding ability (reflective of supination function, putty (grasp), or bead placement (fine motor) among the operated patients as compared with controls.

Conclusions:
By pronating resting forearm position by about 90 degrees to near neutral, osteotomy resulted in improved neutral to mild pronation-dependent function without loss of supination-dependent function or hand motor skills.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective cohort study.
Long-term Follow-up of Neonatal Brachial Plexopathy: Psychological and Physical Function in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Butler Lesley , Mills Janith , Richard Heather M. , Riddle Russell , Ezaki Marybeth , Oishi Scott 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
The prevalence of neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP) has been increasing since the early 1980s. No known studies have examined long-term psychological health and quality of life (QOL) in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychosocial and intellectual aspects of NBPP during adolescence into young adulthood.

Methods:
A total of 31 patients were enrolled in the adolescent group (16 to 18 y) and 25 in the young adult group (23 to 28 y). Clinical assessment included functional ability, range of motion and strength, weight and body mass index, and education level. Patients were administered measures of psychiatric symptomatology, self-concept, QOL, and cognitive function.

Results:
Narakas injury level for the adolescent group included 11 level I, 6 level II, 8 level III, and 6 level IV. The young adult group had 10 level I, 2 level II, 9 level III, and 4 level IV. The degree of physical impairment determined by the Modified Mallet Classification showed persistent impairment in both groups. The average DASH scores were higher than the normal range for the adolescent and young adult groups. Forty-five percent of the adolescents and 68% of the young adults were either overweight or obese. All received high school diplomas with 20 of the young adults pursuing higher education.
Scores on measures of psychiatric symptomatology and self-concept showed that both groups fell within the normal range. QOL for both groups was also within the normal range. All participants scored average to above average on the cognitive assessment. All measurements were patient reported.

Conclusions:
Patients with NBPP can adapt and participate in most activities. This patient sample demonstrated persistent functional limitations and a higher rate of comorbid obesity. However, these patients function psychologically and cognitively within the normal range and many have pursued higher education.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Human Spinal Bone Dust as a Potential Local Autograft
Authors: Gao Ryan , Street Matthew , Tay Mei L. , Callon Karen E. , Naot Dorit , Lock Alistair , Munro Jacob T. , Cornish Jillian , Ferguson John , Musson David 
Published: July 2017

Study Design.In vitroStudy.Objective.To evaluate the effect that factors released from human posterior spinal bone dust have on primary human osteoblast growth and maturation.Summary of Background Data.Bone dust, created during spinal fusion surgeries, has the potential to be used as an autologous bone graft by providing a source of viable autologous osteoblasts and mesenchymal stem cells with osteogenic potential. Till date, no information is available on whether bone dust also provides a source of anabolic factors with the potential to enhance osteoblast proliferation and maturation, which would enhance its therapeutic potential.Methods.Bone dust was collected from consenting patients undergoing elective posterior spinal fusion surgeries, and primary human osteoblasts were cultured from patients undergoing elective hip or knee arthroplasty. Growth factors and cytokines released by bone dust were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Primary human osteoblast proliferation and gene expression in response to bone dust were assessed using3H-thymidine incorporation and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively.Results.Human bone dust released anabolic cytokines (IL-1β and IL-6) and growth factors (TGF-β, VEGF, FGF-Basic, and PDGF-BB) in increasing concentrations over a 7-day period.In vitro, the anabolic factors released by bone dust increased osteoblast proliferation by 7-fold, compared with osteoblasts cultured alone. In addition, the factors released from bone dust up-regulated a number of osteoblastic genes integral to osteoblast differentiation, maturation, and angiogenesis.Conclusion.This study is the first to demonstrate that human posterior spinal bone dust released anabolic factors that potently enhance osteoblast proliferation and the expression of genes that favor bone healing and bone union. As bone dust is anabolic and its harvest is fast, simple, and safe to perform, spinal surgeons should be encouraged to ‘recycle’ bone dust and harness the regenerative potential of this free autologous bone graft.Level of Evidence:N/A
Annulus Fibrosus Repair Using High-Density Collagen Gel
Authors: Pennicooke Brenton , Hussain Ibrahim , Berlin Connor , Sloan Stephen R. , Borde Brandon , Moriguchi Yu , Lang Gernot , Navarro-Ramirez Rodrigo , Cheetham Jonathan , Bonassar Lawrence J. , Härtl Roger 
Published: July 2017

Study Design.
Ovine in vivo study.

Objective.
To perform lateral approach lumbar surgery in an ovine model to administer an injectable riboflavin cross-linked high-density collagen (HDC) gel and to assess its ability to mitigate intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration after induced annulus fibrosus (AF) injury.

Summary of Background Data.
Biological-based injectable gels have shown efficacy in restoring biomechanical, radiographic, and histological parameters in IVD-injured animal models. Riboflavin cross-linked HDC gel has previously demonstrated retention of nucleus pulposus (NP) tissue, reduced loss of disc height, and prevention of terminal cellular degenerative changes in rat-tail spines. However, this biological therapy has never been tested in large animal models.

Methods.
Forty lumbar IVDs were accessed from eight sheep via lateral approach surgery. IVDs were randomly assigned to healthy control, injury and HDC treatment, or negative control with injury and no treatment. IVD injury was carried out using a drill-bit through the AF followed by needle puncture of the NP. Sheep were followed for 16 weeks and underwent qualitative/quantitative magnetic resonance imaging, x-ray, and histological analyses of collagen and proteoglycan content.

Results.
The lateral approach to the ovine lumbar spine to deliver HDC gel proved to be safe and reproducible. IVDs treated with the HDC gel revealed less degenerative changes at the microscopic level based on AF and NP histology. However, mean Pfirrmann grade, T2 relaxation time, NP voxel size, and disc height index were not significantly different between the two injury groups.

Conclusion.
Injectable HDC gel can be administered safely via lateral approach surgery in an ovine AF injury model. IVDs treated with HDC gel demonstrated less degeneration at the microscopic level though radiographic changes were slight when comparing treated to untreated IVDs. Future studies will need to elucidate the role of injury technique and time frame for follow-up in correlating histological and radiographical outcomes.

Level of Evidence: N /A
Primary Cutaneous Small/Medium CD4+ T-CELL Lymphoproliferative Disorder Occurring in a Patient With Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Davick Jonathan J. , Gaughan Elizabeth , Barry Megan , Gru Alejandro A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract:
Therapeutic agents designed to stimulate the immune system are now cornerstones in the treatment of metastatic melanoma. These drugs promote lymphocyte growth and survival, which could plausibly result in clinical lymphoproliferative disorders. We report the case of a 62-year-old female with metastatic melanoma who developed primary cutaneous small/medium CD4+ T-cell lymphoproliferative disorder (PC-SMTCL) after treatment with vemurafenib and recombinant high-dose interleukin-2 (IL-2). The patient developed a painless red papule behind the ear. A biopsy showed a dense population of CD4+ lymphocytes with a T-follicular helper cell phenotype. Molecular studies confirmed the presence of a clonal population of T cells, and the process was classified as PC-SMTCL. The patient was diagnosed with metastatic melanoma approximately 3 years before the development of the cutaneous lymphoma and had been treated with vemurafenib followed by 2 courses of IL-2. The patient's last course of IL-2 was completed in April of 2013. She developed the cutaneous lymphoma behind her ear in December of 2015. An association between PC-SMTCL and vemurafenib treatment for advanced melanoma has been reported previously in one patient; however, an association between PC-SMTCL and IL-2 treatment has not been documented. The immunostimulatory properties of IL-2 or vemurafenib may be responsible for the development of PC-SMTCL in our patient. Additionally, antigenic stimulation of the immune system by melanoma itself could contribute to clonal selection of lymphocytes.
A National Profile of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment Among US Children Aged 2 to 5 Years
Authors: Danielson Melissa L. , Visser Susanna N. , Gleason Mary Margaret , Peacock Georgina , Claussen Angelika H. , Blumberg Stephen J. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Clinical guidelines provide recommendations for diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with specific guidance on caring for children younger than 6 years. This exploratory study describes ADHD diagnosis and treatment patterns among young children in the United States using 2 nationally representative parent surveys.

Methods:
The National Survey of Children's Health (2007–2008, 2011–2012) was used to produce weighted prevalence estimates of current ADHD and ADHD medication treatment among US children aged 2 to 5 years. The National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (2009–2010) provided additional estimates on types of medication treatment and receipt of behavioral treatment among young children with special health care needs (CSHCN) with ADHD.

Results:
In 2011 to 2012, 1.5% of young children (approximately 237,000) had current ADHD compared to 1.0% in 2007 to 2008. In 2011 to 2012, 43.7% of young children with current ADHD were taking medication for ADHD (approximately 104,000). In young CSHCN with ADHD, central nervous system stimulants were the most common medication type used to treat ADHD, and 52.8% of young CSHCN with current ADHD had received behavioral treatment for ADHD in the past year.

Conclusion:
Nearly a quarter million In young CSHCN have current ADHD, with a prevalence that has increased by 57% from 2007 to 2008 to 2011 to 2012. The demographic patterns of diagnosis and treatment described in this study can serve as a benchmark to monitor service use patterns of young children diagnosed with ADHD over time.
Combined Effect of CYP2B6 Genotype and Other Candidate Genes on a Steady-State Serum Concentration of Methadone in Opioid Maintenance Treatment
Authors: Kringen Marianne K. , Chalabianloo Fatemeh , Bernard Jean-Paul , Bramness Jørgen G. , Molden Espen , Høiseth Gudrun 
Published: July 2017

Background:
A considerable interindividual variability in methadone pharmacokinetics is seen in patients on methadone maintenance treatment. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of the reduced function CYP2B6*6 variant allele together with variants in other candidate genes on a steady-state methadone concentration in a naturalistic setting.

Methods:
Information of methadone serum concentration, dose, age, sex, and CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and CYP2D6 genotypes were collected from a routine therapeutic drug monitoring database, whereas variant alleles in CYP2B6 and CYP3A5 were retrospectively genotyped. Linear mixed model analyses were used to study the impact of gene variants on methadone serum concentration/dose (C/D) ratios, including age, sex, and time since the last dose intake as covariates.

Results:
Overall, 155 serum samples from 62 patients were included in this study. The estimated mean methadone C/D ratios was 17.8 nmol·L−1·mg−1 for homozygous carriers of CYP2B6*6, which was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than noncarriers (9.2 nmol·L−1·mg−1). There was no difference in C/D ratios between heterozygous carriers of CYP2B6*6 (9.1 nmol·L−1·mg−1) and noncarriers. An increase in mean methadone C/D ratios was also seen for homozygous carriers of CYP3A5*3 and heterozygous carriers of CYP2C9*2 or *3 and CYP2C19*2 or *3.

Conclusions:
Patients homozygous for CYP2B6*6 had a >90% higher methadone C/D ratio. Genotyping of CYP2B6 may therefore be of value when assessing dose requirements in methadone maintenance treatment.
INDOCYANINE GREEN ANGIOGRAPHY OF PACHYCHOROID PIGMENT EPITHELIOPATHY
Authors: Ersoz M. Giray , Arf Serra , Hocaoglu Mumin , Sayman Muslubas Isil , Karacorlu Murat 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
To compare choroidal hyperpermeability and vessel density between eyes with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), those with pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy (PPE) and those with uncomplicated pachychoroid (UCP).

Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed indocyanine green angiography images of 60 patients with unilateral active CSC who had PPE (36 eyes) or UCP (24 eyes) in their fellow eyes. We used color thresholding of indocyanine green angiography images to determine choroidal vessel density.

Results:
The mean choroidal thickness of eyes with CSC was greater than that of eyes with PPE or UCP, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.46). There was no significant difference between the PPE (92%) and CSC (93%) groups regarding choroidal hyperpermeability (P = 0.76), but both of these groups had higher choroidal permeability than the UCP group (50%) (both P < 0.001). In 30 (90%) of 33 eyes with PPE who had choroidal hyperpermeability, retinal pigment epithelium alterations were in the region of hyperpermeability. Choroidal vessel density did not differ between the PPE and UCP groups (P = 0.57).

Conclusion:
Pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy is forme fruste of CSC. There is no difference between complicated and UCP regarding subfoveal choroidal thickness and choroidal vessel density. The main difference between these groups is choroidal hyperpermeability.