bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linewidth Stabilization of Semiconductor Lasers in an External Cavity
Authors: Nielsen C. J. , Osmundsen J. H. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
An automatic linewidth control loop which provides stable optimum linewidth reduction and single cavity mode operation of an external cavity semiconductor laser is presented. Stable linewidth reduction from 70 MHz to below 2 MHz is obtained for a 1.3 μm BH-laser, whereas simultaneous mean frequency stabilization to within 1 kHz and linewidth reduction from 17 MHz to 1.6 MHz is demonstrated for an 830 nm CSP-laser.
Simultaneous Wavelength and Power Stabilization of a GaAlAs Semiconductor Laser Applying a Single Detector Scheme
Authors: Strobel O. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
A new detection method has been realized for laser wavelength and power control. A single detector scheme gives simultaneous response of occuring changes in the two laser output parameters of interest. Experimental results showing a wavelength and power stabilization of 10-9 and 10-3, respectively, are presented.
Coupling. Non-Symmetric Behaviour of a Joint Between Multimode Fibers
Authors: Cancellieri G. , Ravaioli U. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
When two different multimode fibers are jointed together, mode mixing and mode filtering take place, with different characteristics in the two directions, leading to a non-symmetric behaviour. A detailed analysis of the power transitions among the guided modes at the joint is presented here. Explicit formulas for coupling efficiency and intermodal dispersion compensation are derived. The intentional mode mixing which is produced by suitable beam-launchers, in order to reach an optical power distribution independent of that of the optical source, is also investigated.
Measurements. Accuracy Improvement of the Refracted Near-Field Method by Laser Cavity Stabilization
Authors: Hillerich B. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
For accurate refractive-index profile measurements of optical fibers with the refracted near-field method the output signal of the instrument has to be extremely stable. It has been found that some instability is caused by beam shifts due to “mode sweeping” in the laser resonator. By active stabilization of the laser cavity the residual fluctuations are reduced to 10-4.
Receivers. Receiver Performance in Noise and ISI for Fiber Optic Communication System
Authors: Jain V. K. , Gupta H. M. , Anand V. A. 
Published: November 2016

Summary
In this paper the performance of a digital optical receiver consisting of an avalanche photodiode has been evaluated in the presence of noise and the intersymbol interference (ISI). The ISI levels have been computed for a multimode step index fiber for various lengths and data rates and the results are presented in the graphical form. Improvement in the receiver performance with an equalizer has also been worked out.
Design and Performance Investigation for the Optical Combinational Networks at High Data Rate
Authors: Tripathi Devendra Kr. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This article explores performance study for optical combinational designs based on nonlinear characteristics with semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Two configurations for optical half-adder with non-return-to-zero modulation pattern altogether with Mach–Zehnder modulator, interferometer at 50-Gbps data rate have been successfully realized. Accordingly, SUM and CARRY outputs have been concurrently executed and verified for their output waveforms. Numerical simulations for variation of data rate and key design parameters have been effectively executed outcome with optimum performance. Investigations depict overall good performance of the design in terms of the extinction factor. It also inferred that all-optical realization based on SOA is competent scheme, as it circumvents costly optoelectronic translation. This could be well supportive to erect larger complex optical combinational circuits.
Effect of Growth Hormone Treatment on Hypoglycemia in a Patient with both Hepatic Glycogen Synthase and Isolated Growth Hormone Deficiencies
Authors: Blümel P. , Mullis P.E. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A 7 year-old boy presenting with growth retardation, fasting hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis was diagnosed as having both idiopathic growth hormone (GH) deficiency and hepatic glycogen synthase (GS) deficiency caused by a homozygous mutation in exon 5 of the liver glycogen synthase gene (GYS-2). After four years of treatment with recombinant human GH, height increased from -4.9 SDS to -2.05 SDS which is near his target height of -1.6 SDS. The GH treatment, however, did not prevent the fasting hypoglycemia. Blood glucose levels were only normalized after avoiding fasting intervals of more than five hours and the frequent feeding of protein-rich meals according to the guidelines for treatment of hepatic GS deficiency.
Unresolved Problems Concerning Optimal Therapy of Puberty in Children with Chronic Renal Diseases
Authors: Hokken-Koelega A.C.S. , Saenger P. , Cappa M. , Greggio N. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Many children with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) show growth retardation and severely delayed pubertal development. Successful renal transplantation (RTx) also rarely results in full growth rehabilitation. Pubertal height gain in CRI patients is only 58% and 48% of that observed in late-maturing boys and girls, respectively. Growth retardation in both CRI and RTx patients is not the result of abnormal GH secretion or decreased levels of IGF-I, but rather of elevated levels of IGFBPs inhibiting the bioavailability of the IGFs. In RTx patients prednisone may also inhibit growth directly via inhibition of bone matrix formation. Several studies have convincingly shown that GH therapy at a dose of 4 IU/m2/day results in a sustained improvement of growth in prepubertal and pubertal children with CRI and in growth-retarded prepubertal and pubertal post-transplant patients.
The following consensus was reached concerning optimal therapy of puberty in children with chronic renal disease. GH therapy does not lead an earlier start of puberty. It is safe to give GH to RTx patients if transplant function is stable. GH therapy will not accelerate bone maturation and can improve the final height of children with CRI and after RTx. Increasing the GH dose above 4 IU/m2/day in pubertal RTx patients does not increase height gain or final height and is not advised as it may increase insulin resistance. GH should best be started before the start of the pubertal growth spurt but will still be effective, in RTx patients with advanced bone age. GH testing should not be a prerequisite for starting GH therapy. It is important to optimise other therapies during puberty. During GH therapy of RTx patients use minimum daily, not alternate-day, steroid dosing. Further research is still required on the possible long-term effects of GH therapy in children with chronic diseases. Two studies demonstrated improved long-term growth and final height within the target height range, without significant side effects. Renal graft function did not deteriorate more than in matched controls. A GH dose of 4 IU/m2/day proved adequate.
Unresolved Problems in Optimal Therapy of Pubertal Disorders in Oncological and Bone Marrow Transplanted Patients
Authors: Bozzola M. , Albanese A. , Butler G.E. , Cherubini V. , Cicognani A. , Caruso-Nicoletti M. , Crowne E. , De Sanctis V. , Di Battista E. , Hokken-Koelega A.C.S. , Severi F. , Wonke B. , Cavallo L. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Specialised clinics for the long-term follow-up of survivors from childhood cancer have developed over recent years. The problems encountered among patients who received multiple chemotherapy and radiotherapy can be challenging and require high expertise and close collaboration among different professionals (e.g. oncologists, endocrinologists, radiotherapists, psychologists). Endocrine disorders are often seen, particularly among those who received cranial radiotherapy or gonadotoxic chemotherapy; puberty can be affected and the spectrum of disorders may range from precocious or accelerated puberty to delayed, arrested or even absent pubertal development. Growth impairment can be multifactorial and growth hormone deficiency is an important but probably not the only factor involved. Many questions remain about the optimal management of this group of young patients. In the consensus guidelines that follow the overview an attempt is made to help optimise patients’ growth and puberty by suggesting practical clinical approaches to some of the most challenging issues.
The homogeneous balance of undetermined coefficients method and its application
Authors: Wei Yi , He Xin-Dang , Yang Xiao-Feng 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe homogeneous balance of undetermined coefficients method is firstly proposed to solve such nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs), the balance numbers of which are not positive integers. The proposed method can also be used to derive more general bilinear equation of nonlinear PDEs. The Eckhaus equation, the KdV equation and the generalized Boussinesq equation are chosen to illustrate the validity of our method. The proposed method is also a standard and computable method, which can be generalized to deal with some types of nonlinear PDEs.
Crystal structure of N′-(2-phenylacetyl)thiophene-2-carbohydrazide monohydrate, C13H14N2O3S
Authors: El-Faham Ayman , El-Merghany Adel , Ghabbour Hazem A. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
C13H14N2O3S, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 27.9910(12) Å, b = 6.5721(3) Å, c = 14.2821(7) Å, β = 92.600(3)°, V = 2624.6(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.042, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.105, T = 100 K.
Crystal structure of catena-poly-{aqua-[μ2-1,2-bis((1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene-κ2
N:N′]-[μ2-4,4′-(dimethylsilanediyl)dibenzato-κ3
O,O′:O′]nickel(II)}, C30H30N4NiO5Si
Authors: Cai Yan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
C30H30N4NiO5Si, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 8.6296(4) Å, b = 12.9969(6) Å, c = 14.8944(6) Å, α = 114.8630(10)°, β = 90.8960(10)°, γ = 105.3700(10)°, V = 1445.98(11) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0272, wRref(F2) = 0.0735, T = 293 K.
Crystal structure of cis-bis(2,2′-bipyridine-κ2
N,N′)dibromidomanganese(II), C20H16Br2MnN4
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
C20H16Br2MnN4, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 16.6073(6) Å, b = 9.3708(4) Å, c = 14.9722(9) Å, β = 121.3010(19)°, V = 1990.89(17) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0414, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0867, T = 223(2) K.
Crystal structure of trans-dibromido(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)nickel(II), C10H24Br2N4Ni
Authors: Ha Kwang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
C10H24Br2N4Ni, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.9551(4) Å, b = 12.6275(7) Å, c = 8.7343(4) Å, β = 109.1167(18)°, V = 724.79(7) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0226, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0439, T = 223(2) K.
Rates of subsidence and relative sea level rise in the Hawaii Islands
Authors: Parker Albert 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The major cause of the Hawaiian Islands coastal erosion is shown to be not global warming, but the sinking of the volcanic islands. The geologic “circle-of-life” beyond the Hawaiian hot spot is the true explanation of the beach erosion. The sea levels are slow rising and not accelerating worldwide as well as in the United States. In the specific of the Hawaii Islands, they have been decelerating over the last 3 decades because of the phasing of the multi-decadal oscillations for this area of the Pacific. There is therefore no evidence coastal erosion will double in the Hawaii by 2050 because of global warming.
A fractional model of a dynamical Brusselator reaction-diffusion system arising in triple collision and enzymatic reactions
Authors: Singh Jagdev , Rashidi M.M. , Kumar Devendra , Swroop Ram 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we study a dynamical Brusselator reaction-diffusion system arising in triple collision and enzymatic reactions with time fractional Caputo derivative. The present article involves a more generalized effective approach, proposed for the Brusselator system say
Transitivity Alternations in North Sámi
Authors: Julien Marit 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In North Sámi, verbs that form transitivity alternation pairs are always distinguished morphologically.
However, even if morphology is seen as a reflex of the syntax, the syntactic structure underlying
transitive and intransitive verbs in North Sámi cannot be directly read off from the morphology. Since
the verbalisers have vocalic phonological realisations with some roots but consonantal realisations with
others, and since consonantal realisations give the verb an additional syllable, one can get the impression
that in some transitivity alternation pairs the transitive verb is derived from the intransitive verb, whereas in
other pairs it is the other way round, and that in still other pairs both verbs are derived from a common base.
On closer inspection it nevertheless appears that while in some cases the transitive verb is actually formed
from the intransitive verb by causativisation, in other cases the transitive verb differs from its intransitive
counterpart only in involving a Voice head. In addition, the language has a type of intransitive verb that are
marked anticausatives, meaning that they have an expletive Voice head. The main difference between these
verbs and the corresponding transitive verbs is the properties of Voice.
Novel Silicon-Containing NLO Polyesters for Electro-Optic Applications
Authors: Kim Hwan Kyu , Ryu Mi-Kyung , Shin Suck-Hoon , Lee Soo-Min , Kang Su-Jin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Novel silicon-containing nonlinear optical (NLO) polyesters were prepared by condensation polymerization as well as a new carbodiimide polycondensation of bis(4-chlorocarbonylphenyl)dimethylsilane (DCMS) with 4-(N, N′- bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino-4′-nitrostilbene (DANS-diol). The NLO polyesters were obtained in relative yields with a high intrinsic viscosity of 0.60 dL/g. The intrinsic viscosity was increased by adding a small amount of a highly reactive diol (bisphenol-A). Molecular structural characterization of the resulting polymers was achieved by typical analytic methods, such as 1H- and 13C-NMR, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopies. These silicon-containing side chain NLO polyesters were highly soluble in aprotic polar solvents, such as DMAc, DMF, NMP, γ-butyrolactone, etc. These polymers were found to be amorphous from DSC analysis. They exhibited a relatively higher Tg and thermal stability up to 220°C. The value of the electro-optic coefficient measured at the wavelength of 1.3 μm is in the range of 2 to 5.5 pm/V, and the refractive indices measured at the wavelength of 1.3 pm is in the range of 1.6213 to 1.6233.
Analysis of Temperature Fields in Film Casting
Authors: Acierno D. , Di Maio L. , Cuccurullo G. 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Film casting extrusions were performed on polyethylene terephthalate) (PET) and polypropylene (PP) in a laboratory plant to evaluate the development of temperature profiles in the region from die to chill roll. This was done under different conditions of mass rate, drawing, and cooling. Thermal exchange of the film was evaluated by making use of an infrared thermography apparatus, which provides a bidimentional map of temperature profile for each testing condition. The different melt viscosity of the various polymers lead to more developed or less developed edge-beads. Therefore, at fixed working conditions, the resulting shapes of the temperature profiles and border effects differ for PET and PP. In particular, the temperatures in the transverse direction changed significantly from the edge to the center of the film, as shown in the thermographs. The thermal-fluid-dynamics behavior of polymeric-cast film during processing is discussed.
Molecular Weight Distribution of Styrene Polymerization in a Starved Feed Reactor
Authors: Guiping Cao , Zhongnan Zhu , Huihui Le , Minghua Zhang , Weikang Yuan 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
A starved feed reactor is a semi-batch polymerization reactor where initiator and monomer are fed slowly into a fixed amount of solvent. The polymerization is carried out isothermally at elevated temperatures. Initiator decomposes instantaneously and monomer polymerizes immediately. The molecular weight and molecular weight distribution are effectively controlled by the feed ratio of monomer to initiator. This paper presents a study on the molecular weight distribution of styrene polymerization in a starved feed reactor. The molecular weight distribution model parameters arc regressed with the help of experimental data. Although the solids fraction in the starved feed reactor is high (>50%), the viscosity is not high, and the “gel effect” is weak because of the lower molecular weight of the products. We found that the termination rate constant is a power function of the molecular weight, the radicals terminate via 100% combination, and the thermal initiation can be neglected although the reaction temperature is high. The calculated results indicate that in the starved feed reactor, the long-chain assumption needs modification so that a more accurate model can be set up.
Thermal Behavior of Epoxy Resins Cured with an Amine-Containing, Thermoplastic Poly(arylene Ether Sulphone)
Authors: Motta Oriana , Rocca Antonino , Siracusa Valentina , Acierno Domenico 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this paper we carried out the crosslinking of the tetraglycidyl-4,4′- diaminodiphenyl methane epoxy resin by using a reactive poly(arylene ether sulphone) as curing agent. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to derive the kinetic parameters of the reactions involved in the cure process and to evaluate the extent of the reaction as a function of time by measuring the total (ΔHr) and the residual heat(ΔHresid) of the resin at different curing times. A comparatively slower reaction was found to take place when the resin was cured with the poly(arylene ether sulphone) that when it was cured with the conventional curing agent 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulphone.
The Aging of Tires and Similar Objects in Open Air Storage
Authors: Tuval E. , Thurm A. , Rigbi Zvi 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Tires mounted on vehicles stored in the open air are subject to various forms of deterioration as a result of heat aging, oxidation and ozone attack, and must be protected by the use of chemical antidegradants, and if possible from direct sunlight. The effects of such deterioration on the properties of sidewall rubbers have been studied on tires of various ages taken from army stores, and certain conclusions have been drawn.
Spectrophotometric/Spectrofluorimetric Determination of Rare Earth Mixtures by their Characteristic Absorption or Fluorescence of 4f Electron Transitions
Authors: Naixing Wang , Zhikun Si , Jie Zhou 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This review deals with the spectrophotometric and/or spectrofluorimetric determination of individual rare earth elements in rare earth mixtures by their characteristic absorption or fluorescence of 4f electron transitions, including conditions of maximal absorption or fluorescence, molar absorptivity, ranges of linearity, detection limits, interference, and application of these methods with 136 references cited.
Becoming a commercial semiotician
Authors: Arning Chris 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
In this paper, the author sets out a brief account of how you become a semiotician, breaking it down in terms of motivations and competences. This is a paper written from the personal experience of the author. It is not meant to be prescriptive or to offer any sort of orthodoxy. The catalyst for the paper was frustration with the dearth of writing on this topic. The paper argues that the process of becoming is not just about acquiring knowledge or cognitive ability but also involves personal values and self-identity. It also seeks to dethrone the place of theory as predominant, arguing that interpretive practice relies as much upon a repertoire of aptitudes and techniques of reading and other soft skills. Theory acquisition in itself is simply not enough. In terms of its structure, the paper starts with a definition of what commercial semiotics is, continues with a section defining its scope, validity, and applications. The meat of the paper is devoted to laying out the different aptitudes and techniques mentioned above. The final section discusses the semiotic enterprise as a quest for knowledge and argues that there is no single trajectory in becoming a commercial semiotics practitioner. The paper argues that it is an odyssey of constant learning. It includes some comments on the institutionalization of the field. The hope is that this paper will give insight to interested parties into the craft of commercial semiotics.
Sprachreform und Sprachbewußtsein in der Herausbildung der modernen rumänischen Standardsprache
Authors: Bahner Werner 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The development of Modern Rumanian in the nineteenth century was connected with different efforts for language reforms. In these activities the linguistic consciousness played a significant part. The principal characteristics of this linguistic consciousness were the orientations towards the Latin regarded as the ‘mother’ of the Rumanian and towards the Romance languages, specially the French and the Italian, considered as modern models of the same linguistic stock. Concerning the necessary enrichment of the lexical resources of Rumanian this linguistic consciousness proved to be a pivot. It. was mainly borne by the intelligentsia who contributed also decisively to modern languages or terminologies for specific purposes. Taking into consideration the mutual exchange and interaction between specific vocabulary and general vocabulary it results clearly from the historical facts that these social strata guided by a distinctly marked linguistic consciousness had a strong influence upon the development of the Modern Rumanian.
Zu Konstruktionen mit unpersönlich gebrauchtem ‘haben’ in den Balkansprachen
Authors: Buchholz Oda 
Published: November 2016

Summary
The present paper deals with a particular type of sentence structure without subject, which from the semantic point of view represents a special kind of the so-called existential sentences. The corresponding syntactic constructions consist of the immediate constituents predicate and direct object; optionally they can be completed with a local adverbial and/or a temporal adverbial. The author points out several common characteristics of Balkan languages, appearing in concrete representations of this type. Among these the most striking conformity is the lexical realization of the predicate with equivalents to the verb ‘to have’, only impersonally used in the given syntactic context. This parallel is evident in seven Balkanic languages reap, dialects, representatives of four branches of the Indo-european language family: Albanian; Modern Greek; Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbo-Croatian ; Aromanian, Meglenitian. A comparison with older stages of the contemporary Balkan languages shows, that the way of construction with ‘to have’-equivalents seems to bo an innovation. The author regards this kind of expression as an appearance of convergence, resulting from processes of interference between the Balkan languages, and considers it as Balkanism. The same way of expression occurs also in languages outside the Balkan, for example in other Slavic and Romanic ones, but the relevant areas mostly are formed from languages with genealogic relationship, whereas the relatively closed area at the Balkan, shown with regard to the investigated phenomenon, above all is founded upon geographic neighbourhood.