bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathologic electrographic changes after experimental traumatic brain injury
Authors: Bragin Anatol , Li Lin , Almajano Joyel , Alvarado‐Rojas Catalina , Reid Aylin Y. , Staba Richard J. , Engel Jerome 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate possible electroencephalography (EEG) correlates of epileptogenesis after traumatic brain injury (TBI) using the fluid percussion model.MethodsExperiments were conducted on adult 2‐ to 4‐month‐old male Sprague‐Dawley rats. Two groups of animals were studied: (1) theTBIgroup with depth and screw electrodes implanted immediately after the fluid percussion injury (FPI) procedure, and (2) a naive age‐matched control group with the same electrode implantation montage. Pairs of tungsten microelectrodes (50 μm outer diameter) and screw electrodes were implanted in neocortex inside theTBIcore, areas adjacent toTBI, and remote areas.EEGactivity, recorded on the day ofFPI, and continuously for 2 weeks, was analyzed for possible electrographic biomarkers of epileptogenesis. Video‐EEGmonitoring was also performed continuously in theTBIgroup to capture electrographic and behavioral seizures until the caps came off (28–189 days), and for 1 week, at 2, 3, and 6 months of age, in the control group.ResultsPathologic high‐frequency oscillations (pHFOs) with a central frequency between 100 and 600 Hz, were recorded from microelectrodes, beginning during the first two post‐FPIweeks, in 7 of 12 animals in theTBIgroup (58%) and never in the controls.pHFOs only occurred in cortical areas within or adjacent to theTBIcore. These were associated with synchronous multiunit discharges and popSpikes, duration 15–40 msec. RepetitivepHFOs andEEGspikes (rHFOSs) formed paroxysmal activity, with a unique arcuate pattern, in the frequency band 10–16 Hz in the same areas as isolatedpHFOs, and these events were also recorded by screw electrodes. Although loss of caps prevented long‐term recordings from all rats,pHFOs andrHFOSs occurred during the first 2 weeks in all four animals that later developed seizures, and none of the rats without these events developed late seizures.SignificancepHFOs, similar to those associated with epileptogenesis in the status rat model of epilepsy, may also reflect epileptogenesis afterFPI.rHFOSs could be noninvasive biomarkers of epileptogenesis.
Validation of rapid suicidality screening in epilepsy using the NDDIE
Authors: Mula Marco , McGonigal Aileen , Micoulaud‐Franchi Jean‐Arthur , May Theodor W. , Labudda Kirsten , Brandt Christian 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveStandard mortality ratio for suicide in patients with epilepsy is three times higher than in the general population, and such a risk remains high even after adjusting for clinical and socioeconomic factors. It is thus important to have suitable screening instruments and to implement care pathways for suicide prevention in every epilepsy center. The aim of this study is to validate the use of the Neurological Disorder Depression Inventory for Epilepsy (NDDIE) as a suicidality‐screening instrument.MethodsThe study sample included adult patients with epilepsy assessed with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and the NDDIE. A high suicidality risk according to the Suicidality Module of the MINI was considered the gold standard. Receiver operating characteristic analyses for NDDIE total and individual item scores were computed and subsequently compared using a nonparametric approach. The best possible cutoff was identified with the highest Youden index (J). Likelihood ratios were then computed, and specificity, sensitivity, positive, and negative predictive values calculated.ResultsThe study sample consisted of 380 adult patients with epilepsy: 46.3% male; mean age was 39.4 ± 14.6; 76.7% had a diagnosis of focal epilepsy; mean age at onset of the epilepsy was 23.3 ± 17.5. According to the MINI, 74 patients (19.5%) fulfilled criteria for a major depressive episode and 19 (5%) presented a high suicidality risk. A score >2 (J = 0.751) for item 4 “I'd be better off dead” of the NDDIE displayed excellent psychometric properties with a good to excellent validity (area under the curve [AUC] 0.906; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.820–0.992; p < 0.001), sensitivity 84.21% (95% CI 60.4–96.6), specificity 90.86% (95% CI 87.4–93.6), likelihood ratio+ 9.21 (95% CI 6.3–13.5), likelihood ratio– 0.17 (95% CI 0.06–0.50).SignificanceItem 4 of the NDDIE has shown to be an excellent suicidality screening instrument allowing the development of further care pathways for suicide prevention in epilepsy centers.
Colic in a working horse population in Egypt: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Salem S. E. , Scantlebury C. E. , Ezzat E. , Abdelaal A. M. , Archer D. C. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryReasons for performing studyColic is an important health problem in managed horse populations. Currently, there is limited information about colic prevalence and risk factors for colic in working horse populations.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of, and risk factors for, colic in a working horse population in Egypt and to describe management practices in this working horse population.Study designCross‐sectional survey.MethodsOwners of 350 working horses were interviewed. Data about their horses, management and colic episodes in the preceding 12 months were collected. Dental examination was conducted on 342 horses and blood samples (n = 100) were collected for immunodiagnosis of tapeworm (Anoplocephala perfoliata)infection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for a history of colic in the preceding 12 months.ResultsThe 12‐month prevalence of colic was 54.6%. Severe and moderate tapeworm infection intensity was identified in 3% and 26% of horses tested, respectively. Horses that had severe dental disease (odds ratio [OR] 6.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.9–24.3, P<0.001), that displayed stereotypic behaviour (OR2.0, 95%CI1.15–3.5, P = 0.013), were fed ground corn during the ‘dry season’ (OR1.65, 95%CI1.03–2.6, P = 0.035) or that had received an anthelmintic in the previous 6 months (OR2.1, 95%CI1.3–3.3, P = 0.003) were more likely to have a history of colic in the preceding 12 months. Horses fed on rice bran during the ‘green season’ (OR0.47, 95%CI0.26–0.9, P = 0.015) and that displayed geophagia/coprophagia (OR0.19, 95%CI0.05–0.73, P = 0.001) were less likely to have a history of colic.ConclusionsColic is common in this working horse population and this study has identified factors associated with altered likelihood of colic. The study provides important information that may be used to inform future prospective studies investigating colic in working horse populations and to assist development of preventive healthcare strategies.The Summary is available in Chinese – see Supporting information
Advanced dementia: opinions of physicians and nurses about antibiotic therapy, artificial hydration and nutrition in patients with different life expectancies
Authors: Pengo Valentina , Zurlo Anna , Voci Alberto , Valentini Elisabetta , De Zaiacomo Francesca , Catarini Massimo , Iasevoli Mario , Maggi Stefania , Pegoraro Renzo , Manzato Enzo , Giantin Valter 
Published: March 2016

Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate the proportion of physicians and nurses who agree with the administration of antibiotic therapy (AT), artificial hydration (AH), and artificial nutrition (AN) in patients with advanced dementia and different life expectancies. Furthermore, we aimed at analyzing the correlates of the opinion according to which medical treatments should no longer be given to advanced dementia patients once their life expectancy falls.Methods: End‐of‐life decisions and opinions were measured with a questionnaire that was sent to geriatric units, hospices and nursing homes in three different regions of Italy. Multivariate logistic regressions were carried out to ascertain the correlates of the agreement with the administration of AH, AT or AN.Results: When the patient's life expectancy was 1–6 months, 83% of respondents agreed with AH, 79% with AT and 71% with AN. When the life expectancy was less than 1 month, a large proportion of respondents still agreed with AH and AT (73% and 61%), whereas less than one in two respondents (48%) agreed with AN.Conclusions: The findings of the present study showed that AN creates more ethical dilemmas in the clinical management of end of life than other treatments, such as AH or AT. Opinions on whether or not these practices are appropriate at the end of life were related with feelings, thoughts and ethical issues that played a different part for physicians and nurses.Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 487–493.
Evidence for Elevated Levels of Arsenic in Public Wells of Bangladesh Due To Improper Installation
Authors: Choudhury I. , Ahmed K. M. , Hasan M. , Mozumder M. R. H. , Knappett P. S. K. , Ellis T. , van Geen A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOne of the mainstays of mitigation to reduce the exposure of the rural population of Bangladesh to arsenic (As) from private, mostly <90‐m deep wells over the past 15 years has been the installation of over 300,000 deeper community wells. A comprehensive testing campaign previously conducted across a 180 km2 of area of Bangladesh identified 9 out of total of 927 wells >90 m deep that contained >50 µg/L arsenic. We show here that for five of these nine wells, conductivity profiles obtained after spiking the well bore with salt indicate a shallow leak that could explain the high As in the well water. In two of the five leaky wells, the presence of additional screens at the depth of the leak was documented with a downhole camera. The downhole camera did not detect anomalies in the construction of the remaining three leaky wells or in the four wells that did not leak. The four wells that did not leak were all >150‐m deep and located in two villages separated by less than 500 m. Excluding these two villages and a handful of leaky wells, the results indicate an aquifer that is consistently low in As over a sizeable area at depths >90 m. Isolated cases of public wells that are elevated in As that have been reported elsewhere in Bangladesh may therefore reflect improper installation rather than actual contamination of the deep aquifer.
Adipokines and Migraine: A Systematic Review
Authors: Peterlin B. Lee , Sacco Simona , Bernecker Claudia , Scher Ann I. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundMigraine is comorbid with obesity. Recent research suggests an association between migraine and adipocytokines, proteins that are predominantly secreted from adipose tissue and which participate in energy homeostasis and inflammatory processes.ObjectivesIn this review, we first briefly discuss the association between migraine and obesity and the importance of adipose tissue as a neuroendocrine organ. We then present a systematic review of the extant literature evaluating circulating levels of adiponectin and leptin in those with migraine.MethodsA search of the PubMed database was conducted using the keywords “migraine,” “adiponectin,” and “leptin.” In addition reference lists of relevant articles were reviewed for possible inclusion. English language studies published between 2005 and 2015 evaluating circulating blood concentration of adiponectin or leptin in those with migraine were included.ConclusionsWhile the existing data are suggestive that adipokines may be associated with migraine, substantial study design differences and conflicting results limit definitive conclusions. Future research utilizing carefully considered designs and methodology is warranted. In particular careful and systematic characterization of pain states at the time of samples, as well as systematic consideration of demographic (eg, age, sex) and other vital covariates (eg, obesity status, lipids) are needed to determine if adipokines play a role in migraine pathophysiology and if any adipokine represents a viable, novel migraine biomarker, or drug target.
Xenobiotic Pathway Gene Polymorphisms Associated with Gastric Cancer in High Risk Mizo‐Mongoloid Population, Northeast India
Authors: Ghatak Souvik , Yadav Ravi Prakash , Lalrohlui Freda , Chakraborty Payel , Ghosh Soumee , Ghosh Sudakshina , Das Madhusudan , Pautu Jeremy L. , Zohmingthanga John , Senthil Kumar Nachimuthu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of gastric cancer associated with individual or combined glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) polymorphism and their interaction with environmental factors.Materials and MethodsGenotyping by PCR was carried out for 80 cases and controls each for GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 polymorphism and mapped for gene—environment association studies. The samples were subjected to pathogen detection and GSTP1 expression for analyzing their association with different genotypes. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to compute the influence of both genetic and environmental factors for gastric cancer. MDR analysis was performed to assess the risk of gastric cancer by studying the gene–gene and gene–environment effect on the basis of GST genotyping and GSTP1 gene expression.ResultsInfection with Helicobacter pylori and CagA+ strains was more frequent in patients with GSTM1/T1 null genotype. Intake of high fermented fat and smoked meat was found to be significantly associated with gastric cancer. The G/G, A/G (rs1695), and T/T (rs1138272) were found to be significantly associated with low expression of GSTP1 gene in cancer tissue.ConclusionPresence of H. pylori with CagA genotype showed significant individual effect with GSTT1 polymorphism as well as strong synergistic effect in gastric cancer risk. Majority of the gastric cancer samples showed significant negative expression in G/G, A/G (rs1695), and T/T (rs1138272) genotypes. This study shows that GST gene polymorphism was significantly relevant for determining the individual susceptibility to gastric cancer.
Effect of cultivar, cultivation year and dehulling on raffinose family oligosaccharides in Australian sweet lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.)
Authors: Karnpanit Weeraya , Coorey Ranil , Clements Jon , Nasar‐Abbas Syed M. , Khan Muhammad K. , Jayasena Vijay 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of cultivar, cultivation year and dehulling on raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) in current cultivars of Australian sweet lupin. Seed samples of ten cultivars grown in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were used in the study. Both whole seed and dehulled lupin samples were analysed for RFOs by high‐performance liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detector. Lupin cultivar had a significant effect on RFO contents. Total RFO contents in whole seed and dehulled lupin samples varied between 7.3–10.1 g/100 g DM and 7.6–16.8 g/100 g DM, respectively. Belara and Mandelup cultivars had high levels of RFOs indicating the suitability for functional foods with prebiotic effect. Gungurru and PBA Barlock contained low levels of RFOs and recommended for lupin‐enriched foods with low flatulence effect. Cultivation year with similar climatic conditions had no significant effect on RFO contents. Dehulling increases raffinose, stachyose and total RFO contents in lupin.
Anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibody Fc variants differentially impact regulatory T cells and immune homeostasis
Authors: Huss David J. , Pellerin Alex F. , Collette Brian P. , Kannan Arun K. , Peng Liaomin , Datta Abhishek , Wipke Brian T. , Fontenot Jason D. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryInterleukin‐2 (IL‐2) is a critical regulator of immune homeostasis through its non‐redundant role in regulatory T (Treg) cell biology. There is major interest in therapeutic modulation of the IL‐2 pathway to promote immune activation in the context of tumour immunotherapy or to enhance immune suppression in the context of transplantation, autoimmunity and inflammatory diseases. Antibody‐mediated targeting of the high‐affinity IL‐2 receptor α chain (IL‐2Rα or CD25) offers a direct mechanism to target IL‐2 biology and is being actively explored in the clinic. In mouse models, the rat anti‐mouse CD25 clone PC61 has been used extensively to investigate the biology of IL‐2 and Treg cells; however, there has been controversy and conflicting data on the exact in vivo mechanistic function of PC61. Engineering antibodies to alter Fc/Fc receptor interactions can significantly alter their in vivo function. In this study, we re‐engineered the heavy chain constant region of an anti‐CD25 monoclonal antibody to generate variants with highly divergent Fc effector function. Using these anti‐CD25 Fc variants in multiple mouse models, we investigated the in vivo impact of CD25 blockade versus depletion of CD25+ Treg cells on immune homeostasis. We report that immune homeostasis can be maintained during CD25 blockade but aberrant T‐cell activation prevails when CD25+ Treg cells are actively depleted. These results clarify the impact of PC61 on Treg cell biology and reveal an important distinction between CD25 blockade and depletion of CD25+ Treg cells. These findings should inform therapeutic manipulation of the IL‐2 pathway by targeting the high‐affinity IL‐2R.
Plasma from pre‐eclamptic patients induces the expression of the anti‐angiogenic miR‐195‐5p in endothelial cells
Authors: Sandrim Valeria Cristina , Dias Mayara Caldeira , Bovolato Ana Lívia de Carvalho , Tanus‐Santos Jose E , Deffune Elenice , Cavalli Ricardo C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe examined the effect of plasma incubation from preeclampsia pregnant on the antiangiogenic miR‐195‐5p expression. Higher miR‐195‐5p expression was found in cultures incubated with preeclampsia plasma compared to those incubated with healthy pregnant plasma. Next, as VEGF is a target of miR‐195‐5p we have quantified its expression by real‐time qPCR and ELISA. We found reduced VEGF levels in culture incubated with preeclampsia plasma. Therefore, we have concluded that the higher expression of miR‐195‐5p in endothelial cell cultures incubated with preeclampsia plasma may contribute to decreased expression of VEGFA (gene and protein) and increased antiangiogenic status in preeclampsia. Therefore, this miR may be an important target in preeclampsia.
Body mass index and the risk of cancer incidence in patients with type 2 diabetes in Japan: Results from the National Center Diabetes Database
Authors: Yamamoto‐Honda Ritsuko , Takahashi Yoshihiko , Yoshida Yoko , Kwazu Shoji , Iwamoto Yasuhiko , Kajio Hiroshi , Yanai Hidekatsu , Mishima Shuichi , Shimbo Takuro , Noda Mitsuhiko 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionBoth type 2 diabetes and obesity increase the risk of some types of cancers, and underlying mechanisms are thought to be, at least in part, common. In the present study, we carried out a retrospective cohort study of the relationship between body mass index (BMI) categories and cancer development in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 113 incident cancers including 35 cancers whose incidence was reported to be increased by obesity (27 colorectal cancers, two breast cancers in postmenopausal women, one endometrial cancer, four renal cancers and one gallbladder cancer) were identified in 2,334 type 2 diabetic patients (1,616 men and 718 women) over an average observation period of 5.1 years.ResultsIn men, there was no significant association between the BMI categories at the start of the observation period and the development of any cancer. In contrast, the incidence of all of the cancers in the women was significantly higher in the group with a BMI of less than 22.0 kg/m2 (hazard ratio 3.07, 95% CI 1.01–9.36). In either sex, there was no significant relationship between the BMI categories and the development of cancers whose risk is known to be increased by obesity.ConclusionsThe findings of the present study were limited by the relatively small number of patients in the cohort, which posed a danger of not finding significance. However, the results suggested that obesity did not become an additional risk factor for cancer in Japanese type 2 diabetic patients.
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing molecule 3 on CD14+ monocytes serves as a novel biological marker for diabetes duration in type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yan Wen‐jiang , Sun Peng , Wei Dan‐dan , Wang Shuang‐xi , Yang Jing‐jing , Li Yi‐hui , Zhang Cheng 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionType 2 diabetes is a worldwide disease that is associated with increased rates of obesity and reduced physical activity. Obesity‐associated insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes is a disorder in the balance between pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory signals. T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain‐containing molecule 3 (Tim‐3) has been reported as an important regulatory inflammation molecule, and plays a pivotal role in several inflammation‐related diseases.Materials and MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained from type 2 diabetes patients (n = 31) and healthy donors (n = 18), and Tim‐3 expression on peripheral blood mononuclear cells was evaluated by flow cytometry.ResultsWe showed the downregulated expression of Tim‐3 on CD14+ monocytes from type 2 diabetes patients. In addition, the upregulated expression of Tim‐3 on peripheral CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells was observed in the present study. The correlation analysis between Tim‐3 expression on CD14+ monocytes and diabetes duration showed the longer diabetes duration time, the lower Tim‐3 expression on CD14 monocytes.ConclusionsThe present results suggest that Tim‐3 might participate in the progression of type 2 diabetes by its negative regulation on these immune cells, and Tim‐3 on CD14+ monocytes serves as a novel biological marker for diabetes duration in type 2 diabetes patients.
Study on autonomic dysfunction and metabolic syndrome in Chinese patients
Authors: Zhu Ling , Zhao Xiaolan , Zeng Ping , Zhu Jianguo , Yang Shuwen , Liu Annan , Song Yuehua 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAims/IntroductionThere is still a lack of simple methods and instruments for the early assessment of autonomic dysfunction in metabolic syndrome patients. Assessment of sudomotor function has been proposed to explore autonomic function, and could be used as an early biomarker for metabolic syndrome. In the present study, we use a quick and non‐invasive method to measure sudomotor function, and aimed to evaluate its efficacy to identify metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population.Materials and MethodsInformation on the 1,160 Chinese participants involved in the study, such as age, sex, blood pressure, waist circumference, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose and lipid profile, and SUDOSCAN, was recorded. During the sudomotor test, patients were asked to place their bare hands and feet on large electrodes. The test took 2 min to carry out, was painless and no participant preparation was required.ResultsA total of 567 participants were diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome correlated significantly with increasing SUDOSCAN cardiac risk score (P for trend <0.0001). Furthermore, an increase in cardiac risk score value was associated with an increase in the number of metabolic syndrome components (P for trend <0.0001). Compared with the no‐risk group (cardiac risk score <20), participants in the high‐risk group (cardiac risk score ≥30) had a 2.83‐fold increased risk of prevalent metabolic syndrome (P < 0.0001), and 1.51‐fold increased risk (P = 0.01) after adjustments.ConclusionsAutonomic dysfunction is correlated to components of metabolic syndrome. The role of SUDOSCAN in the screening of at‐risk populations for metabolic syndrome has to be confirmed by further studies.