bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circulating Baseline CXCR3+Th2 and Th17 Cell Proportions Correlate With Trabecular Bone Loss After 48 Weeks of Biological Treatment in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Scheffler Julia M. , Drevinge Christina , Lindholm Catharina , Gjertsson Inger , Lend Kristina , Lund Hetland Merete , Østergaard Mikkel , Uhlig Till , Schrumpf Heiberg Marte , Haavardsholm Espen A. , Nurmohamed Michael T. , Lampa Jon , Sokka‐Isler Tuulikki , Nordström Dan , Hørslev‐Petersen Kim , Gudbjornsson Bjorn , Gröndal Gerdur , van Vollenhoven Ronald , Carlsten Hans , Lorentzon Mattias , Hultgård Ekwall Anna‐Karin , Rudin Anna , Islander Ulrika 
Published: October 2024

ObjectiveThe high prevalence of osteoporosis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is due to inflammation that stimulates differentiation of osteoclasts, a process involving circulating monocytes and T cell–derived factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate relations between circulating monocytes, T cell subsets, and changes in bone characteristics before and after treatment with biological disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) in RA.MethodsThirty patients with untreated early RA who met the American College of Rheumatology/EULAR 2010 criteria were included. Data were collected before and 48 weeks after treatment with methotrexate (MTX) together with one of three bDMARDs (abatacept, tocilizumab, or certolizumab pegol). Disease activity was measured using the Clinical Disease Activity Index, swollen or tender joint counts, C‐reactive protein levels, and erythrocyte sedimentation rates. Proportions of monocyte and CD4+ T cell subsets in blood samples were analyzed by flow cytometry. Bone densitometry was performed using high‐resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR‐pQCT).ResultsHR‐pQCT revealed an overall decrease in cortical (P = 0.009) and trabecular (P = 0.034) bone mineral density, although a subset of patients showed no bone loss after 48 weeks of treatment. The overall bone loss was not associated with age, body mass index, sex, intraarticular glucocorticoid injections, or baseline disease activity. Loss of trabecular bone volume fraction correlated with high proportions of circulating CXCR3+Th2 cells (r = −0.38, P = 0.04) and CXCR3+Th17 cells (r = −0.36, P = 0.05) at baseline. Similarly, no loss of trabecular bone volume fraction correlated with high proportions of regulatory T cells (r = 0.4, P = 0.03) at baseline. However, the associations were not significant when corrected for confounders and multiple testing.ConclusionMTX together with bDMARDs efficiently reduce disease activity but only prevent bone loss in a subset of patients with RA after 48 weeks of treatment. The correlations of circulating baseline T helper cell and regulatory T cell populations with trabecular bone changes suggest a potential novel role for these cells in systemic bone homeostasis during early RA.
Evaluation of Anti‐Inflammatory and Immunosuppressant Potential of Isotelekin in Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) Stimulated Macrophage (RAW 264.7) and Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBC) Sensitized Murine Models
Authors: Qasam Irfan , Nawaz Shah , Kumari Hema , Chauhan Narendra , Nalli Yedukondalu , Yadav Govind 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study explored the natural compound Isotelekin isolated from Inula racemose against anti‐inflammatory and immunomodulatory potential in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cell lines and immune‐elevated SRBC‐sensitized animal models. Isotelekin in in vitro studies, inhibited the production of Th‐1 cytokines Interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α), and Interferon‐gamma (INF‐γ), and increased Th‐2 cytokines Interleukin‐10 (IL‐10). Whereas it inhibited the nitrites and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by mitigating the effect of LPS significantly. In vivo immunomodulatory activity in Delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) and Hemagglutinating antibody (HA), Isotelekin suppressed the cellular as well as humoral immunity in immune‐affected and SRBC‐sensitized mice. Isotelekin decreased the phagocytic responses against carbon particles and plaque‐forming mainly IgG (Immunoglobulin G) production. Additionally, Isotelekin showed immunosuppressive potential through the evaluation of splenocytes, allograft acceptance, and haematological parameters. Molecular studies, including western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry, revealed that Isotelekin reduced the expression of iNOS (Inducible nitric oxide synthase), COX‐2 (Cyclo‐Oxygenase 2), and p‐IkBα (Phospho I‐kappa‐B‐alpha), and significantly inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF‐κB/p65. Based on these results, Isotelekin at 10 µm in in vitro and at 30 mg kg−1 in in vivo demonstrated strong anti‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive therapeutic potential.
Ultratough, Robustness, and Reprocessable Thermoset Epoxy Resins Synergistically Enhanced by Hierarchical Coordination Interactions and Dynamic Covalent Networks
Authors: Xie Hui , Bao Feng , Zhang Hao , Zhao Changbo , Shi Ludi , Cui Jinze , Li Xiyan , Pan Yi , Zhu Caizhen , Ding Xiaobin , Xu Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpoxy resins, ubiquitous and indispensable thermosetting material in various industries, suffer from the resistance to crack initiation, poor ductility, and irreparable permanent cross‐linked network, which hinder their utilization in high‐performance applications and are detrimental to the development of a sustainable economy. However, achieving the trade‐off between toughness, robustness, and reprocessability of epoxy resins remains a formidable challenge. Herein, an epoxy resin that combines ultratoughness, robustness, and reprocessability by incorporating a hierarchical crosslink structure embedded in a transesterification network is reported. The construction of hierarchical coordination structures facilitates formation of dense nano‐hard domains, enabling enhancement of both strength and toughness at multilength scales. As a result, the epoxy resin, integrating covalent adaptable networks with sacrificial non‐covalent networks, exhibits exceptional elongation at break (280%), modulus (1.8 GPa), stress at break (56.3 MPa), and tensile toughness (142 MJ m−3), showcasing its excellent endurance and ability to undergo multiple reprocessability. The application of this epoxy resin in carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer composites further underscores its potential as the resulting HCEV‐CFRPs exhibit unprecedented tensile properties and facilitate multiple non‐destructive recycling of high‐value carbon fiber under mild conditions. This research provides novel design principles for recyclable and high‐performance materials that combine strength and toughness.
Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence of Cocrystals of Aromatic Bisimides and Triplet Sensitizer Pt(acac)2
Authors: Soldner Simon , Sun Meng‐Jia , Anhalt Olga , Sárosi Menyhárt B. , Stolte Matthias , Würthner Frank 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFour sterically shielded aromatic bisimides are synthesized and their ability to form cocrystals with the triplet sensitizer platinum(II) acetylacetonate (Pt(acac)2) is investigated. Single crystals of the individual electron‐deficient bisimides are studied first, two showing bright blue fluorescence with quantum yields of up to 28%, while the other two barely emit at all. After successful cocrystallization of all four aromatic bisimides with the electron‐rich Pt(II) complex, two different stoichiometries, either 1:1 or 1:2, are found in the crystalline solid state, whose absorbance and photoluminescence exhibit distinct bathochromic shifts. While two naphthalene bisimides show strong and long‐lived room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with quantum yield exceeding 50%, the other two aromatic bisimides show only minor photoluminescence at RT, but a bright low‐temperature phosphorescence (LTP) at 80 K. Theoretical calculations reveal the importance of changing the magnetic quantum number ml of the involved d‐orbitals at the platinum center as well as the alignment of the Pt(II) center above an aromatic C─C bond for an efficient intersystem crossing in these hybrid systems.
Circularly Polarized Organic Ultralong Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence: Generation, Enhancement, and Application
Authors: Liu Jiao , Zhou Xinyu , Tang Xinzhou , Tang Yuqi , Wu Junjie , Song Zhenpeng , Jiang Haoyi , Ma Yun , Li Bingxiang , Lu Yanqing , Li Quan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCircularly polarized luminescent (CPL) materials have garnered tremendous attention owing to their expanded optical properties beyond emission wavelength and intensity. Among these, the emerging circularly polarized organic ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (CP‐OURTP) materialsdemonstrating elegant and distinct features are of significant importance for their extended emission lifetime, which represent a novel frontier in research with promising scientific and technological applications across diverse fields. This review systematically outlines the traditional strategies to achieve CP‐OURTP including organic crystals, copolymerization, host–guest doping, a combination of the copolymerization and host–guest doping, spinning and twisting technology, and supramolecular polymer assembly. Importantly, the recent significant progress of CP‐OURTP in the chiral soft materials, such as liquid crystals (LCs) involving lyotropic LCs (cellulose nanocrystals, CNCs) and chiral thermotropic LCs (cholesteric LCs and chiral LC elastomers), is showcased. Finally, the practical applications of CP‐OURTP materials are summarized, and the review concludes with the perspectives on the current challenges and future opportunities for CP‐OURTP materials. This review aims to inspire the further innovations in the fabrication of advanced CP‐OURTP materials and enrich their promising applications.
Engineered Multifunctional BioHJzyme via Tuning D‐Band Center for Postoperative Infected Wound Regeneration of Tumor Resection
Authors: Deng Yi , Lian Xiaoke , Lin Zhijie , Sun Dan , Zou Haiyang , Chan Yau Kei , Yang Weizhong , He Miaomiao , Yin Guangfu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe catalytic therapy for abundant •OH, 1O2, and •O2− provides an efficient tactic and methodology for rapid tumor/bacteria killing, whereas the limitation is focused on the catalytic efficiency owing to the in‐built energy band of catalytic materials. Thus, d‐band center tuning BioHJzyme is devised, which is composed of zinc tellurate/manganese dioxide anchored by glucose oxidase (GOx) with anti‐tumor and anti‐bacteria properties for postoperative infected wound regeneration of tumor. The GOx depletes glucose to produce H2O2, intercepting the glucose metabolism. The D‐BioHJzyme can catalyze the produced H2O2 to highly lethal •OH with POD‐mimetic activity owing to the tunned d‐band center strategy decreasing the adsorption energy of the intermediate in the catalytical process, while the oxygen originated from H2O2 and Mn2+ can be catalyzed into 1O2. The GPx‐mimetic activity of it can impair the antioxidant system of tumor. In vivo studies show that the BioHJzyme exhibits robust abilities against bacteria and tumors by •OH/1O2 production and promotes the apoptosis owing the Te. Besides, the BioHJzyme can accelerate cutaneous regeneration by M1/M2 regulation and the angiogenesis/collagen deposition. This work enlightens a powerful platform for the remedy of postoperative infected wound regeneration of tumor resection using an engineered BioHJzyme.
Porous and Conductive Fiber Woven Textile for Multi‐Functional Protection, Personal Warmth, and Intelligent Motion/Temperature Perception
Authors: Chai Jialong , Wang Guilong , Wang Guizhen , Shao Runze , Zhao Jinchuan , Zhao Guoqun , Park Chul B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIndustrialization and human activities have introduced numerous hazards, including exposure to harsh chemicals, radiation, static electricity, and fire risks, particularly in high‐risk sectors such as engineering, rescue operations, military, and aerospace. This study presents a multi‐functional protective textile developed from a conductive fiber composed of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and carbon nanotubes (CNT), crucial for ensuring personal safety. The conductive fiber demonstrates remarkable strength (17.3 MPa), high porosity (76%), and significant electrical conductivity (185 S m−1), coupled with excellent fineness and flexibility due to its dual‐nanofibrous structure. The resulting textile exhibits exceptional hydrophobicity, chemical resistance, and high electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (29 dB in the X‐band), alongside a superior UV protective factor (>3000) and anti‐static properties. Notably, it possesses outstanding electro/photo thermal conversion capabilities, enabling consistent heat generation for personal warmth. Additionally, the textile responds electrically to deformation and temperature changes, facilitating intelligent applications such as motion and temperature monitoring and fire alerts. This work offers a novel strategy for fabricating PTFE‐based composite fibers with porous microstructures and high electrical conductivity, setting a new standard for next‐generation protective clothing with advanced functionalities.
Responsive Magnetic Particle Imaging Tracer: Overcoming “Always‐On” Limitation, Eliminating Interference, and Ensuring Safety in Adaptive Therapy
Authors: Guan Guoqiang , Shi Guangyuan , Liu Huiyi , Xu Juntao , Zhang Qingpeng , Dong Zhe , Lu Chang , Wang Youjuan , Lei Lingling , Nan Bin , Zhang Cheng , Yue Renye , Du Yang , Tian Jie , Song Guosheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMagnetic particle imaging (MPI) has emerged as a novel technology utilizing superparamagnetic nanoparticles as tracers, essential for disease diagnosis and treatment guidance in preclinical animal models. Unlike other modalities, MPI provides high sensitivity, deep tissue penetration, and no signal attenuation. However, existing MPI tracers suffer from “always‐on” signals, which complicate organ‐specific imaging and hinder accuracy. To overcome these challenges, we have developed a responsive MPI tracer using pH‐responsive PdFe alloy particles coated with a gatekeeper polymer. This tracer exhibits pH‐sensitive Fe release and modulation of the MPI signal, enabling selective imaging with a higher signal‐to‐noise ratio and intratumoral pH quantification. Notably, this responsive tracer facilitates subtraction‐enhanced MPI imaging, effectively eliminating interference from liver uptake and expanding the scope of abdominal imaging. Additionally, the tracer employs a dual‐function mechanism for adaptive cancer therapy, combining pH‐switchable enzyme‐like catalysis with dual‐key co‐activation of ROS generation, and Pd skeleton that scavenges free radicals to minimize Fe‐related toxicity. This advancement promises to significantly expand MPI's applicability in diagnostics and therapeutic monitoring, marking a leap forward in imaging technology.
A Highly‐Sensitive Omnidirectional Acoustic Sensor for Enhanced Human–Machine Interaction
Authors: Qiao Wenyan , Zhou Linglin , Zhang Jiayue , Liu Di , Gao Yikui , Liu Xiaoru , Zhao Zhihao , Guo Ziting , Li Xinyuan , Zhang Baofeng , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAcoustic sensor‐based human–machine interaction (HMI) plays a crucial role in natural and efficient communication in intelligent robots. However, accurately identifying and tracking omnidirectional sound sources, especially in noisy environments still remains a notable challenge. Here, a self‐powered triboelectric stereo acoustic sensor (SAS) with omnidirectional sound recognition and tracking capabilities by a 3D structure configuration is presented. The SAS incorporates a porous vibrating film with high electron affinity and low Young's modulus, resulting in high sensitivity (3172.9 mVpp Pa−1) and a wide frequency response range (100–20 000 Hz). By utilizing its omnidirectional sound recognition capability and adjustable resonant frequency feature, the SAS can precisely identify the desired audio signal with an average deep learning accuracy of 98%, even in noisy environments. Moreover, the SAS can simultaneously recognize multiple individuals in the auxiliary conference system and the driving commands under background music in self‐driving vehicles, which marks a notable advance in voice‐based HMI systems.
Catalytic Construction of C(sp3)−Ge Bonds: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Authors: Tu Jia‐Lin , Huang Binbin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGermanium (Ge), a congener of carbon, possesses unique properties that hold extensive potential for applications across multiple domains. Recent years have seen significant progress in the development of carbon‐germanium bond formation strategies, particularly those for more challenging C(sp3)−Ge bonds. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in C(sp3)−Ge bond forming methodologies, with particular emphasis on (1) the versatility of transition‐metals, including iron, nickel, copper, rhodium and palladium, as catalysts in broadening reaction scope and controlling selectivity; (2) the powerfulness of organic photocatalysis in achieving mild and selective bond formation, and (3) the sustainability of catalytic electrosynthesis in facilitating chemical oxidant‐/reductant‐ free conversions. Additionally, examples of (4) non‐catalytic strategies are also discussed. The representative scopes, as well as mechanistic proposals, of these protocols are highlighted. Through an overview on the current state of research, this review aims to offer insights into the catalytic construction of C(sp3)−Ge bonds, and provide perspectives on future research directions to address the current challenges.
Modified Hermite Wavelet Discrete Matrix Approach for the Brusselator Chemical Model
Authors: R. Yeshwanth , S Kumbinarasaiah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe primary goal of this study is to create a wavelet collocation technique that can be used to solve nonlinear fractional order systems of ordinary differential equations, which are equations that arise in modeling problems related to auto‐catalytic chemical reactions. Using the Hermite wavelet collocation method (HWCM), the system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations of integer and fractional order is numerically solved. The nonlinear Brusselator system is transformed into an algebraic equation system using the collocation method and the fractional derivative operational matrices. The Newton‐Raphson method is used to solve these algebraic equations, and the approximate values of the derived unknown coefficients are substituted. Through the numerical examples, the method's computational effectiveness and correctness are illustrated with various model constraints. A numerical comparison is made between the current approach ND solver, RK method, and Haar wavelet method (HWM). The efficiency and reliability of the developed strategy's performance are shown in graphs and tables. The created Hermite wavelet collocation method is resilient and has good accuracy compared to current methods found in the literature. Numerical computations are performed through Mathematica, a mathematical software.
PGRN Inhibits Early B‐cell Activation and IgE Production Through the IFITM3‐STAT1 Signaling Pathway in Asthma
Authors: Zhang Pingping , Ruan Changshun , Yang Guangli , Guan Yaning , Zhu Yin , Li Qian , Dai Xin , An Yang , Shi Xiaoqi , Huang Pei , Chen Yan , He Zhixu , Du Zuochen , Liu Chaohong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProgranulin (PGRN) plays a critical role in bronchial asthma and the function of various immune cells. However, the mechanisms by which PGRN influences B‐cell receptor (BCR) signaling and immunoglobulin E(IgE) production are not fully understood. The study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms through which PGRN affects BCR signaling, B‐cell differentiation, and IgE production. A PGRN knockout mouse model, along with techniques including flow cytometry, the creation of a bone marrow chimeric mouse model, total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF), and Western blot (WB) analysis is employed, to investigate the link between PGRN and various aspects of B‐cell biology. It is discovered that the absence of PGRN in mice alters peripheral B‐cell subpopulations, promotes IgE class switching in a cell‐intrinsic manner, and affects B‐cell subpopulations. Additionally, PGRN modulates B‐cell functions by regulating BCR signaling pathways, metabolic processes, and the actin cytoskeleton during early B‐cell activation. Significantly, PGRN deficiency results in diminished production of NP‐specific antibodies. Moreover, it is found that PGRN inhibits B‐cell activation and IgE production through the PGRN‐IFITM3‐STAT1 signaling pathway. The findings provide new strategies for the targeted treatment of bronchial asthma, highlighting the crucial role of PGRN in B‐cell signaling and IgE production.
What explains rice exports? An analysis of major rice‐exporting countries
Authors: Varma Poornima 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines the drivers of rice trade. The analysis uses the standard comparative advantage model, the Heckscher–Ohlin–Vanek (HOV) framework, supplemented with a gravity‐type equation. Using the Poisson pseudo‐maximum likelihood (PPML) estimation for data from 2002 to 2020, the analysis broadly confirms HOV model predictions. Results indicate that arable land, along with GDP, distance, precipitation and crop season temperature, significantly influences rice trade dynamics. The results showed that the precipitation play a key role in influencing the rice trade rather than the blue water availability. However, agricultural water stress discouraged exports and encouraged imports.
Comprehensive geriatric assessment and palliative care
Authors: Castagna Alberto , Militano Vincenzo , Ruberto Carmen , Manzo Ciro , Ruotolo Giovanni 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe geriatric vision of palliative care is based on a multidisciplinary, patient‐centered approach, looking for a balance between human dignity and medical treatments with a particular focus on the social and ethical aspects. In order to develop the best care models, there is a rising need for a tighter collaboration of all the involved players (i.e., doctors, nurses, social workers). Indeed, the idea of a fragmented system without considering the patient or his/her family is not at all applicable to older patients with chronic disease. The causes of death, the phase of death changes, and the extend of last period of life could be a long phase characterized by complicated treatment decisions, difficult management of symptoms, multiple psychosocial problems, and complex spiritual distress. Recently, Italian guidelines on Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA) have been published. However, none of the identified studies on patients in hospice and other palliative care facilities met the criteria for inclusion. These findings underscore the need for further research to determine the potential benefits of a multidimensional approach for patients in hospice and other palliative care settings. Our reflections and suggestions on the CGA use for older persons in palliative care may be a starting point for an open and continuous dialogue with all the operators concerned.