bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultralow‐Power All‐Optical Logic Data Distributor Based on Resonant Excitation Enhanced Nonlinearity by Upconversion Radiative Transfer
Authors: Wang Feifan , Hu Xiaoyong , Song Hanfa , Li Chong , Yang Hong , Gong Qihuang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn ultralow‐power all‐optical logic data distributor with dual address bits is realized. The device is constructed from three silicon slot ring resonators, which are side coupled to silicon slot waveguides and coated with a nonlinear nanocomposite material made of upconversion nanoparticles dispersed in an organic conjugated polymer matrix. A large nonlinearity enhancement occurs in the nanocomposite material through resonant excitation via an upconversion radiative‐transfer process, which ensures an ultralow operating threshold control intensity of 10 kW cm−2. This result represents a reduction of five orders of magnitude compared with previous reports. An ultrafast response time of several picoseconds is simultaneously maintained based on structural defects inducing ultrafast decay of excited‐state carriers. The intensity contrast ratio between the output logic states “1” and “0” is larger than 20 dB, which is a fivefold increase compared with previous reports. This work may pave the way for the realization of real‐time multibit all‐optical computing chips.
Financial behavior of cooperatives and investor‐owned firms: An empirical analysis of the Spanish fruit and vegetable sector
Authors: Martínez‐Victoria MCarmen , Arcas Lario Narciso , Maté Sánchez Val Mariluz 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA partial adjustment model was formulated to compare financial ratios between cooperatives and investor‐owned firms from a dynamic perspective. Empirical results from a sample of Spanish fruit and vegetable firms for the period between 2009 and 2012 reveal different adjustment processes of current, debt, and return on assets ratios between cooperatives and IOFs. We find significant differences between these firms, with slower adjustment rates for current and debt ratios in cooperatives. These findings may arise from the weakness associated with ownership structure in cooperatives, which reduces their adjustment processes compared to those of IOFs. The identification of differences in adjustment processes between cooperatives and IOFs may provide us with additional information regarding the specific management characteristics of these agri‐food firms, thus identifying those firms that are most dependent on external market conditions. [EconLit citations: C33, G30, Q13].
Occupational styrene exposure and acquired dyschromatopsia: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Choi Ariel R. , Braun Joseph M. , Papandonatos George D. , Greenberg Paul B. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundStyrene is a chemical used in the manufacture of plastic‐based products worldwide. We systematically reviewed eligible studies of occupational styrene‐induced dyschromatopsia, qualitatively synthesizing their findings and estimating the exposure effect through meta‐analysis.MethodsPubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were queried for eligible studies. Using a random effects model, we compared measures of dyschromatopsia between exposed and non‐exposed workers to calculate the standardized mean difference (Hedges’g). We also assessed between‐study heterogeneity and publication bias.ResultsStyrene‐exposed subjects demonstrated poorer color vision than did the non‐exposed (Hedges’ g = 0.56; 95%CI: 0.37, 0.76; P < 0.0001). A non‐significant Cochran's Q test result (Q = 23.2; P = 0.171) and an I2 of 32.2% (0.0%, 69.9%) indicated low‐to‐moderate between‐study heterogeneity. Funnel plot and trim‐and‐fill analyses suggested publication bias.ConclusionsThis review confirms the hypothesis of occupational styrene‐induced dyschromatopsia, suggesting a modest effect size with mild heterogeneity between studies.
Sliding Mode Control for an Inhomogeneous Heat Equation with Global Constraint
Authors: Zhang Shuang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, an inhomogeneous heat equation with distributed load is controlled, on the basis of an infinite dimensional generalization of sliding‐mode control method. The control law is designed so that: (i) the temperature can track a desired reference signal, and (ii) the temperature can remain in a constrained region. We show that, with the designed control, the tracking error is bounded stable without violation of the constraint. The stability is proved under the designed control law. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed control law.
Single trans‐septal access technique for left atrial intracardiac echocardiography to guide left atrial appendage closure
Authors: Aguirre Daniel , Pincetti Christian , Perez Luis , Deck Carlos , Alfaro Mario , Vergara Maria Jesus , Maluenda Gabriel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThis registry aimed to describe the safety and feasibility of a single trans‐septal (TS) access technique for left intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) guidance of left‐atrial appendage (LAA) closure procedure.BackgroundLAA closure is currently accepted as an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with non‐valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who are at high‐risk for bleeding. Currently, LAA closure procedure is typically performed under trans‐esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) guidance. Although, ICE has the advantage of not requiring profound sedation/anesthesia, ICE‐LAA imaging quality is often limited from the right atrium requiring double TS access.MethodsTwenty‐two patients with NVAF underwent LAA closure using the Amplatzer Amulet™ device (St Jude Medical) under ICE guidance from the left atrium. The ICE AcuNav catheter (Biosense Webster) and the Amulet delivery sheath were advanced into the LA through single TS puncture technique.ResultsThe population was predominately male (59.1%) with a mean age of 74 ± 9.3 years, at high‐risk for stroke (mean CHADS2 score of 3.8 ± 1.1) and bleeding (mean HAS BLED score of 3.5 ± 1.3). The Amplatzer AmuletTM device was successfully implanted in all patients. No procedural related complications including device embolization were noted. No major cardiovascular events occurred and all patients were discharged alive. At 30‐day follow‐up all patients remained alive, free of ischemic stroke and with no residual leak or device thrombus on TEE.ConclusionsThis initial experience suggests that LAA occlusion with the Amplatzer Amulet device using ICE guidance from the left atrium via a single trans‐septal technique is feasible and safe.
Tuning the pKa of Fluorescent Rhodamine pH Probes through Substituent Effects
Authors: Stratton Sarah G. , Taumoefolau Grace H. , Purnell Grace E. , Rasooly Mona , Czaplyski William L. , Harbron Elizabeth J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRhodamine spirolactams (RSLs) have recently emerged as popular fluorescent pH probes due to their fluorescence turn‐on capability and ease of functionalization at the spirolactam nitrogen. Design of RSLs is often driven by biological targeting or compatibility concerns, rather than the pH sensitivity of the probe, and the relationship between RSL structure and pKa is not well understood. To elucidate the relationship between pKa values and the properties of substituents attached to the spirolactam nitrogen, a series of 19 aniline‐derived RSLs is presented. RSLs derived from di‐ortho‐substituted anilines exhibit pKa tunability across the moderately acidic region (ca. pH 4–6). Evaluation of pKa data using the Fujita–Nishioka model for ortho substituent effects reveals that both steric and electronic substituent properties influence RSL pH responsiveness, with pKa values increasing as substituent size and electron withdrawing character increase. These trends are attributed to changes in the RSL structure induced by large substituents, and to electronic influences on the protonated spirocyclic reaction intermediate. To demonstrate the practical applicability of these probes in completely aqueous environments, RSL‐doped conjugated polymer nanoparticles that exhibit a ratiometric fluorescence response to changing pH levels are presented.
An MFCC‐based text‐independent speaker identification system for access control
Authors: Liu Jung‐Chun , Leu Fang‐Yie , Lin Guan‐Liang , Susanto Heru 
Published: August 2017

SummaryIn recent years, by merit of convenient and unique features, bio‐authentication techniques have been applied to identify and authenticate a person based on his/her spoken words and/or sentences. Among these techniques, speaker recognition/identification is the most convenient one, providing a secure and strong authentication solution viable for a wide range of applications. In this paper, to safeguard real‐world objects, like buildings, we develop a speaker identification system named mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC)‐based speaker identification system for access control (MSIAC for short), which identifies a speaker U by first collecting U's voice signals and converting the signals to frequency domain. An MFCC‐based human auditory filtering model is utilized to adjust the energy levels of different frequencies as U's voice quantified features. Next, a Gaussian mixture model is employed to represent the distribution of the logarithmic features as U's specific acoustic model. When a person, eg, x, would like to access a real‐world object protected by the MSIAC, x's acoustic model is compared with known‐people's acoustic models. Based on the identification result, the MSIAC will determine whether the access will be accepted or denied.
Efficient Thermal Cooling Structure for a Motor
Authors: NONAKA TUYOSHI , MAKINO SHOGO , OHTO MOTOMICHI 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYThe rated output of a motor is determined based on the value of the load current at which the temperature of the motor's parts reaches the permissive limit. Especially, the temperature of the stator coil is considered in many cases. In this research, in order to attain the higher rated output of a motor, a new thermal cooling structure that decreases the rise in the temperature of the stator coil is proposed. Next, based on the proposed structure, a prototype motor was manufactured and evaluated. The results demonstrated the superior performance of the proposed structure in comparison with the conventional structure. Moreover, the press‐formed coil which is devised with the purpose of enhancing the desired effect is also explained herein.
Hydrogeomorphological differentiation between floodplains and terraces
Authors: Yan Qina , Iwasaki Toshiki , Stumpf Andrew , Belmont Patrick , Parker Gary , Kumar Praveen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFloodplains and terraces in river valleys play important roles in the transport dynamics of water and sediment. While flat areas in river valleys can be identified from LiDAR data, directly characterizing them as either floodplain or terraces is not yet possible. To address this challenge, we hypothesize that, since geomorphic features are strongly coupled to hydrological and hydraulic dynamics and their associated variability, there exists a return frequency, or possibly a narrow band of return frequencies, of flow that is associated with floodplain formation; and this association can provide a distinctive signature for distinguishing them from terraces. Based on this hypothesis we develop a novel approach for distinguishing between floodplains and terraces that involves transforming the transverse cross‐sectional geometry of a river valley into a curve, named a river valley hypsometric (RVH) curve, and linking hydraulic inundation frequency with the features of this curve. Our approach establishes that the demarcation between floodplains and terraces can be established from the structure of steps and risers in the RVH curves which can be obtained from the DEM data. Further, it shows that these transitions may themselves be shaped by floods with 10‐ to 100‐year recurrence. We additionally show that, when floodplain width and height (above channel bottom) are normalized by bankfull width and depth, the ratio lies in a narrow range independent of the scale of the river valley. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating Cognitive Views Into Psychometric Models for Reading Comprehension Assessment
Authors: Rahman Taslima , Mislevy Robert J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo demonstrate how methodologies for assessing reading comprehension can grow out of views of the construct suggested in the reading research literature, we constructed tasks and carried out psychometric analyses that were framed in accordance with 2 leading reading models. In estimating item difficulty and subsequently, examinee proficiency, an item response theory (IRT) model called the linear logistic test model was extended to incorporate reader as well as task attributes as covariates. A novel aspect of this modeling was reader effects—interest and prior knowledge—specific to text passages that the examinees read in the assessment. In the demonstration, the theory‐motivated task and reader attributes were found to be significantly related to item difficulty. In particular, examinees' comprehension proficiency estimates positively affected within‐person effects concerning the reader's familiarity and interest in a passage. This study suggests that it is both feasible and informative to incorporate variables for various comprehension components into the psychometric analysis.
Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the Middle Permian A‐type granites in Altay, northwestern China: Evidences from geochronological, geochemical, and Hf isotopic studies
Authors: Liu Yunlong , Zhang Hui , Tang Yong , Zhang Xin , Lv Zhenghang , Zhao Jingyu 
Published: August 2017

The Jiangjunshan and Dakalasu alkali‐feldspar granites are located in the central part of the Chinese Altay orogen. In this paper, we present detailed geochemical, zircon U–Pb, and Hf isotopic data of these granites. The Jiangjunshan and Dakalasu alkali‐feldspar granites show a high content of SiO2 (72.05–73.27 and 69.55–71.04 wt%, respectively), total alkalis (Na2O + K2O = 8.41–8.71 and 7.24–8.66 wt%, respectively), and high‐field strength elements (Zr + Nb + Ce + Y = 400.3–482.9 and 156.7–339.3 ppm, respectively), as well as high Ga/Al ratios (10,000 × Ga/Al = 3.46–4.19 and 2.62–3.28, respectively) and depletion in Ba, Nb, Sr, and Ti, showing geochemical characteristics similar to those of A‐type granites. Zircon U–Pb dating of the Jiangjunshan and Dakalasu alkali‐feldspar granites yielded weighted mean dating 206Pb/238U ages of 268.3 ± 1.9 and 270.4 ± 1.9 Ma, respectively, indicating that these granites intruded during the Permian. The Jiangjunshan and Dakalasu alkali‐feldspar granites show highly variable zircon εHf(t) values ranging from −7.0 to +5.6, implying that these granites originated from a mixing of mantle‐derived magma with crustal materials. Our data on the Jiangjunshan and Dakalasu alkali‐feldspar granites, coupled with previous studies of Permian magmatism and metamorphism, suggest that the tectonic regime was in a postcollisional extensional environment in the Chinese Altay orogen during the Permian. Therefore, the change in stress from compression to extension and asthenospheric upwelling triggered by slab break‐off plays a significant role in the generation of Jiangjunshan and Dakalasu alkali‐feldspar granites.
Genetic driver mutations define the expression signature and microenvironmental composition of high‐grade gliomas
Authors: Herting C. J. , Chen Z. , Pitter K. L. , Szulzewsky F. , Kaffes I. , Kaluzova M. , Park J. C. , Cimino P. J. , Brennan C. , Wang B. , Hambardzumyan D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHigh‐grade gliomas (HGG), including glioblastomas, are characterized by invasive growth, resistance to therapy, and high inter‐ and intra‐tumoral heterogeneity. The key histological hallmarks of glioblastoma are pseudopalisading necrosis and microvascular proliferation, which allow pathologists to distinguish glioblastoma from lower‐grade gliomas. In addition to being genetically and molecularly heterogeneous, HGG are also heterogeneous with respect to the composition of their microenvironment. The question of whether this microenvironmental heterogeneity is driven by the molecular identity of the tumor remains controversial. However, this question is of utmost importance since microenvironmental, non‐neoplastic cells are key components of the most radiotherapy‐ and chemotherapy‐resistant niches of the tumor. Our work demonstrates a versatile, reliable, and reproducible adult HGG mouse model with NF1‐silencing as a driver mutation. This model shows significant differences in tumor microenvironment, expression of subtype‐specific markers, and response to standard therapy when compared to our established PDGFB‐overexpressing HGG mouse model. PDGFB‐overexpressing and NF1‐silenced murine tumors closely cluster with human proneural and mesenchymal subtypes, as well as PDGFRA‐amplified and NF1‐deleted/mutant human tumors, respectively, at both the RNA and protein expression levels. These models can be generated in fully immunocompetent mixed or C57BL/6 genetic background mice, and therefore can easily be incorporated into preclinical studies for cancer cell‐specific or immune cell‐targeting drug discovery studies.
Dynamic causal modeling in PTSD and its dissociative subtype: Bottom–up versus top–down processing within fear and emotion regulation circuitry
Authors: Nicholson Andrew A. , Friston Karl J. , Zeidman Peter , Harricharan Sherain , McKinnon Margaret C. , Densmore Maria , Neufeld Richard W.J. , Théberge Jean , Corrigan Frank , Jetly Rakesh , Spiegel David , Lanius Ruth A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivePosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with decreased top–down emotion modulation from medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) regions, a pathophysiology accompanied by hyperarousal and hyperactivation of the amygdala. By contrast, PTSD patients with the dissociative subtype (PTSD + DS) often exhibit increased mPFC top–down modulation and decreased amygdala activation associated with emotional detachment and hypoarousal. Crucially, PTSD and PTSD + DS display distinct functional connectivity within the PFC, amygdala complexes, and the periaqueductal gray (PAG), a region related to defensive responses/emotional coping. However, differences in directed connectivity between these regions have not been established in PTSD, PTSD + DS, or controls. Methods: To examine directed (effective) connectivity among these nodes, as well as group differences, we conducted resting‐state stochastic dynamic causal modeling (sDCM) pairwise analyses of coupling between the ventromedial (vm)PFC, the bilateral basolateral and centromedial (CMA) amygdala complexes, and the PAG, in 155 participants (PTSD [n = 62]; PTSD + DS [n = 41]; age‐matched healthy trauma‐unexposed controls [n = 52]). Results: PTSD was characterized by a pattern of predominant bottom–up connectivity from the amygdala to the vmPFC and from the PAG to the vmPFC and amygdala. Conversely, PTSD + DS exhibited predominant top–down connectivity between all node pairs (from the vmPFC to the amygdala and PAG, and from the amygdala to the PAG). Interestingly, the PTSD + DS group displayed the strongest intrinsic inhibitory connections within the vmPFC. Conclusions: These results suggest the contrasting symptom profiles of PTSD and its dissociative subtype (hyper‐ vs. hypo‐emotionality, respectively) may be driven by complementary changes in directed connectivity corresponding to bottom–up defensive fear processing versus enhanced top–down regulation. Hum Brain Mapp 38:5551–5561, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A study on the deoxygenation of trialkyl‐, dialkyl‐phenyl‐ and alkyl‐diphenyl phosphine oxides by hydrosilanes
Authors: Kovács Tamara , Urbanics Anita , Csatlós Flóra , Keglevich György 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe deoxygenation of 1‐alkyl‐3‐methyl‐3‐phospholene 1‐oxides, which may be regarded as trialkyl phosphine oxides (R3PO), and the reduction of dialkyl‐phenylphosphine oxides (R2PhPO) and methyl‐diphenylphosphine oxide (MePh2PO) have been elaborated by applying user‐friendly silanes, such as tetramethyldisiloxane (>SiH–O–HSi<) and polymethylhydrosiloxane ((O–SiH)n) under solvent‐free, catalyst‐free, and microwave (MW)‐assisted conditions. New silanes of type Ar2SiH2, alkyl2SiH2, and Ar3SiH were also applied in a few cases. The reactivity of the phosphine oxides and the silanes could be mapped on the basis of our experimental data.
Synthesis and inclusion properties of boroncalix[3]arene compounds obtained by self‐assembly of 3‐aminophenylboronic acid and salicylaldehyde derivatives
Authors: González‐Hernández Arturo , Serrano‐Melgar Gloria , Villamil‐Ramos Raúl , Barba Victor 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe syntheses, characterization, and inclusion properties of two new trinuclear boron compounds having a calixlike shape are described. Macrocyclic compounds were obtained vía self‐assembly reactions between salicylaldehyde carboxyl derivatives and 3‐aminophenylboronic acid, whereby the formation of three N–B coordination bonds favored the oligomerization process. The products are stable to moisture and have good solubility in organic solvents. The inclusion properties toward primary amines and pyrophosphate were analyzed by titration experiments and monitored by UV‐vis spectroscopy. Association constants around 103‐105 M−1 were determined for both compounds.
Elements of a sustainable, competent, and empathetic workforce to support patients with dementia during an acute hospital stay: A comprehensive literature review
Authors: Brooke Joanne , Ojo Omorogieva 
Published: August 2017

AbstractInternationally, there has been a focus on the development of acute hospital workforces to support and care for people with dementia. Recommendations and initiatives to improve person‐centred care in acute hospitals have included: education and training, dementia‐specific roles, clinical leads, and environment changes. The aim of this literature review is to understand the elements of a sustainable, competent, and empathetic acute hospital workforce providing person‐centred care for patients with dementia. The following databases were searched for literature published in English from January 1, 2006, to August 1, 2016: CINHAL, MEDLINE, PsychINFO, PubMed, and Science Direct. A thematic analysis was applied to develop a meta‐synthesis of the data. A total of 12 papers with a range of methodological approaches from various countries were included. Emergent themes were as follows: understanding the current workforce, implementation and evaluation of training, and exploration of new and existing roles. An important element was the sustainability of acute hospital workforces competent in dementia care, as studies highlighted an ageing nursing population and a high turnover of staff. Dementia awareness training was sustainable, although there was a lack of consistency in the length, content, and delivery, which had a viable impact on the provision of empathetic and person‐centred care. The lack of consistency of training and specialist dementia roles restricts recommendations from a robust evidence base.