bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of childhood obesity or weight change with early-onset follicular occlusion triad in children
Authors: Kim Seong Rae , Koh Seong-Joon , Park Hyunsun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The effects of childhood obesity or weight gain on the development of early-onset follicular occlusion triad (FOT), which includes hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), acne conglobata (AC) and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp (DCS) in children, remain unknown.

Objectives
To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and changes in BMI and the development of early-onset FOT in children.

Methods
This nationwide population-based longitudinal cohort study included a cohort of 2 012 928 Korean children who underwent two consecutive health examinations at 30–36 months and 42–48 months of age, respectively, between 2009 and 2020. BMI and changes in BMI were derived during these health screenings. We performed multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses to estimate the risk of early-onset FOT, including HS, AC and DCS.

Results
During follow-up, 1283 FOT events, including 143 cases of HS, 1068 cases of AC and 72 cases of DCS, were identified. Children with obesity had an elevated risk of early-onset FOT than those with a normal weight [FOT: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.21–1.84; HS: aHR 2.30, 95% CI 1.39–3.82; AC: aHR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07–1.73]. BMI gain was correlated with an elevated risk of early-onset FOT, particularly HS, whereas BMI loss was linked to a decreased risk of early-onset FOT, especially HS. Children who developed obesity had an increased risk of early-onset FOT (aHR 1.51, 95% CI 1.07–2.14) vs. those who maintained a normal weight. Children with obesity who reduced to a normal weight exhibited a decreased risk of early-onset FOT [FOT: aHR 0.41, 95% CI 0.17–0.96 (Ptrend = 0.02); HS: Ptrend = 0.05] than children with obesity who retained their weight.

Conclusions
Childhood obesity is associated with an elevated risk of early-onset FOT, including HS and AC. Weight gain is correlated with an increased risk of early-onset FOT, especially HS, while weight loss is associated with a decreased risk of early-onset FOT, particularly HS. Implementing purposeful weight-reduction strategies may be helpful in preventing the development of early-onset FOT.
Optimization operation strategy of wind–pumped storage integrated system participation in spot market considering dual uncertainties
Authors: Zhai Huijuan , Sun Yang , Tian Liang , Wang Yueping , Fan Yijun , Li Fanqi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
With the gradual increase in the penetration rate of renewable energy, the multifunctional role of pumped storage is becoming increasingly prominent, and the joint operation of “renewable energy + pumped storage” is a current research hotspot. However, during the joint system operation, there are dual risks from internal (renewable energy output) and external (market prices) factors, which significantly impact the system’s overall revenue. Therefore, an analysis is conducted around the operational mechanism of the “wind power–pumped storage” joint operation, and the uncertain factors faced during the system’s operation are identified. Second, an optimization model for wind power–pumped storage under deterministic scenarios is constructed, employing robust optimization theory and information gap decision theory to describe the uncertainty of electricity prices and wind power, thus forming a hybrid of the information gap decision theory and the robust optimization model for wind power–pumped storage. Finally, the results show that: (1) The total revenue of the model proposed in the paper has increased by 2.36% compared to the robust optimization model and by 9.04% compared to the deterministic model, significantly enhancing the model’s robustness and risk resistance capabilities. (2) From the perspective of the economic feasibility of different energy storage system configurations, the wind plant equipped with pumped storage has the highest economic feasibility, with an internal rate of return of 9.8% and net present value of 872 million Chinese Yuan, which is higher than that of compressed air energy storage and electrochemical energy storage systems. (3) Decision makers can set the risk deviation coefficient and the uncertainty budget according to their risk preferences, thereby changing the robustness of the model for differentiated decision making. However, an increase in the uncertainty budget coefficient will cause the total revenue of the joint operation system first to increase and then decrease, with the maximum revenue achievable within the range of 500–625; the total revenue reaches its maximum when the risk deviation coefficient is between 0.1 and 0.125.
SNAr hexafluoroisopropoxylation of electron-rich aryl fluoride with a catalytic electrical input
Authors: Sato Eisuke , Nakahama Tomohiro , Mitsudo Koichi , Suga Seiji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Anodic oxidation–promoted SNAr reactions of electron-rich aryl fluoride were developed. The anodic oxidation of 4-fluoroanisole in hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol (HFIP) with K2CO3 led to SNAr-type hexafluoroisopropoxylation, and the reaction was completed with a catalytic electrical input. The results of cyclic voltammetry suggest that the radical cation of 4-fluoroanisole, which would react with the alkoxide of HFIP, is generated. Electron transfer between the intermediate and the starting material constructs the catalytic cycle, and the elimination of fluoride from the Meisenheimer complex produces the desired compound.
Post-Discharge Outcomes of Elderly Patients Hospitalized for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Flare Complicated by Clostridioides difficile Infection
Authors: Goren Idan , Fallek Boldes Ortal , Boldes Tomer , Knyazev Oleg , Kagramanova Anna , Limdi Jimmy K , Liu Eleanor , Sethi-Arora Karishma , Holvoet Tom , Eder Piotr , Bezzio Cristina , Saibeni Simone , Vernero Marta , Alimenti Eleonora , Chaparro María , Gisbert Javier P , Orfanoudaki Eleni , Koutroubakis Ioannis E , Pugliese Daniela , Cuccia Giuseppe , Calviño Suarez Cristina , Ribaldone Davide Giuseppe , Veisman Ido , Sharif Kassem , Aratari Annalisa , Papi Claudio , Mylonas Iordanis , Mantzaris Gerassimos J , Truyens Marie , Lobaton Ortega Triana , Nancey Stéphane , Castiglione Fabiana , Nardone Olga Maria , Calabrese Giulio , Karmiris Konstantinos , Velegraki Magdalini , Theodoropoulou Angeliki , Shitrit Ariella Bar-Gil , Lukas Milan , Vojtechová Gabriela , Ellul Pierre , Bugeja Luke , Savarino Edoardo V , Fischler Tali Sharar , Dotan Iris , Yanai Henit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Elderly hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flare and concurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) are considered at high risk of IBD-related complications. We aimed to evaluate the short-,intermediate-, and long-term post-discharge complications among these patients.

Methods
A retrospective multicenter cohort study assessing outcomes of elderly individuals (≥60 years) hospitalized for an IBD flare who were tested for CDI (either positive or negative) and discharged. The primary outcome was the 3-month post-discharge IBD-related complication rates defined as steroid dependency, re-admissions (emergency department or hospitalization), IBD-related surgery, or mortality. We assessed post-discharge IBD-related complications within 6 month and mortality at 12 month among secondary outcomes. Risk factors for complication were assessed by multivariable logistic regression.

Results
In a cohort of 654 patients hospitalized for IBD {age 68.9 (interquartile range [IQR]): 63.9–75.2 years, 60.9% ulcerative colitis (UC)}, 23.4% were CDI-positive. Post-discharge complication rates at 3 and 6 months, and 12 months mortality, did not differ significantly between CDI-positive and CDI-negative patients (32% vs 33.1%, p = 0.8; 40.5% vs 42.5%, p = 0.66; and 4.6% vs 8%, p = 0.153, respectively). The Charlson comorbidity index was the only significant risk factor for complications within 3 months (aOR 1.1), whereas mesalamine (5-aminosalicylic acid [5-ASA]) use was protective (aOR 0.6). An UC diagnosis was the sole risk factor for complication at 6 months (aOR 1.5). Clostridioides difficile infection did not significantly impact outcomes or interact with IBD type.

Conclusions
In elderly IBD patients hospitalized for IBD flare and subsequently discharged, a concurrent CDI infection was not associated with post-discharge IBD-related complications or mortality up to 1 year.
The crystal structure of Nictaba reveals its carbohydrate-binding properties and a new lectin dimerization mode
Authors: Bloch Yehudi , Osterne Vinicius J S , Savvides Savvas N , Van Damme Els J M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nictaba is a (GlcNAc)n-binding, stress-inducible lectin from Nicotiana tabacum that serves as a representative for the Nictaba-related lectins, a group of proteins that play pivotal roles in plant defense mechanisms and stress response pathways. Despite extensive research into biological activities and physiological role(s) of the lectin, the three-dimensional structure of Nictaba remained largely unknown. Here, we report crystal structures for Nictaba in the apo form and bound to chitotriose. The structures reveal that the Nictaba protomer has a jelly-roll fold, similar to the cucumber lectin Cus17, but exhibit a unique and previously unseen mode of dimerization. The chitotriose binding mode, similar to Cus17, centers around the central GlcNAc residue, providing insights into the determinants of specificity of Nictaba towards carbohydrate structures. By integrating these structural insights with inputs from glycan arrays, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations, we propose that Nictaba employs a single carbohydrate-recognition domain within each of the two subunits in the dimer to display pronounced specificity towards GlcNAc-containing carbohydrates. Furthermore, we identified amino acid residues involved in the extended binding site capable of accommodating structurally diverse high-mannose and complex N-glycans. Glycan array and in silico analyses revealed interactions centered around the conserved Man3GlcNAc2 core, explaining the broad recognition of N-glycan structures. Collectively, the structural and biochemical insights presented here fill a void into the atlas of lectin structure–function relationships and pave the way for future developments in plant stress biology and lectin-based applications.
Benzoic acid facilitates ANF in monocot crops by recruiting nitrogen-fixing Paraburkholderia
Authors: Liu Ran , Li Ruirui , Li Yanjun , Li Mingjia , Ma Wenjing , Zheng Lei , Wang Cunhu , Zhang Kefei , Tong Ya , Huang Guoqiang , Li Xinxin , Zhu Xin-Guang , You Chuihuai , Zhong Yongjia , Liao Hong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Associative nitrogen fixation contributes large portion of N input to agro-ecosystems through monocot–diazotrophic associations. However, the contribution of associative nitrogen fixation is usually neglected in modern agriculture, and the underlying mechanisms of association between monocot and diazotrophs remain elusive. Here, we demonstrated that monocot crops employ mucilage and associated benzoic acid to specially enrich diazotrophic partners in response to nitrogen deficiency, which could be used for enhancing associative nitrogen fixation in monocot crops. To be specific, mucilage and benzoic acid induced in sugarcane roots by nitrogen deficiency mediated enrichment of nitrogen-fixing Paraburkholderia through specific recruitment whereas other bacteria were simultaneously repelled. Further studies suggest maize employs a similar strategy in promoting associations with diazotrophs. In addition, our results also suggest that benzoic acid application significantly increases copy numbers of the nifH gene in soils and enhances associative nitrogen fixation in maize using 15N enrichment assay. Taken together, these results reveal a mechanism regulating the association between monocot crops and nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and, thereby point towards ways to harness these beneficial microbes in efforts to increase nitrogen efficiency in monocot crops through pathways regulated by a specific signaling molecule.
Embryo production by Holstein heifers superovulated with a recombinant long-acting follicle-stimulating hormone analog
Authors: Mirzaei Ahmadreza , Londoño-Mendez Maria C , Lasso-Ramirez Sergio , Adams Paul E , Seekford Zachary K , Bromfield John J , Heredia Daniella , Di Lorenzo Nicolas , Chebel Ricardo C , Gonella-Diaza Angela M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate embryo yield in Holstein heifers superovulated with a single injection of recombinant, long-acting human follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) vs. multiple injections of pituitary-derived follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). In experiment 1, heifers were assigned randomly to one of four experimental groups: Control (280 mg of pituitary-derived FSH; six injections of 40 mg and two injections of 20 mg, each ~12 h apart, n = 16); rFSH1 (50 µg of FSH analog protein, n = 16); rFSH2 (75 µg of FSH analog protein, n = 16); or rFSH3 (100 µg of FSH analog protein, n = 16). The rFSH was administered as a single injection. Estrous cycles were presynchronized with gonadorelin acetate (GnRH) and an intravaginal progesterone insert (CIDR) on day 8, followed by cloprostenol sodium (PGF2α) on day 3 and day 2 with removal of the CIDR, and GnRH on day 0. On day 5, ovarian follicles ≥ 5 mm in diameter were ablated by transvaginal ultrasound-guided aspiration. On day 6.5, the heifers received a CIDR and the first injection of either rFSH or pituitary-derived FSH. On day 9, the heifers received two injections of PGF2α, 12 h apart. On day 10.5, the CIDR was removed, and on day 11, the heifers received a GnRH injection. Heifers were AI-inseminated 12- and 24-h post-GnRH injection, and uterine contents were flushed transcervically on day 18 (7 d after the GnRH injection). Ovarian follicles ≥ 5 mm and corpora lutea (CL) were counted via ultrasound on days 5, 9, and 18. In experiment 1, group did not affect (P = 0.52) the number of follicles ≥ 5 mm (Control = 15.9 ± 1.2; rFSH1 = 17.5 ± 1.3; rFSH2 = 17.1 ± 1.3; rFHS 3 = 18.6 ± 1.4 follicles) or the number of CL (P = 0.96) on day 9 (Control = 1.1 ± 0.3; rFSH1 = 1.1 ± 0.3; rFSH2 = 1.1 ± 0.3; rFSH3 = 0.9 ± 0.2). Furthermore, there was no effect (P = 0.28) of rFSH dose on freezable embryos (grade 1 and 2 embryos) collected on day 18 (Control = 4.7 ± 1.1; rFSH1 = 4.7 ± 1.2; rFSH2 = 4.4 ± 1.1; rFSH3 = 2.6 ± 0.7 embryos). In experiment 2, Control (n = 8) and rFSH1 (n = 16) groups were repeated in three replicates using the same protocols as experiment 1. Consequently, Results showed that rFSH produced fewer total number of ova/embryos (Control = 9.9 ± 1.5 vs. rFHS1 = 5.9 ± 0.9, P = 0.04) and fewer freezable embryos (Control = 5.3 ± 1.0 vs. rFSH1 = 1.4 ± 0.3, P &lt; 0.01). In conclusion, the single rFSH injection effectively induced superovulation; however, its repeated use reduced embryo production.
Nitrogen input reduces the physical defense of rice plant against planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae)
Authors: Zeng Zi-Xuan , Shi Jin-Hua , Qiu Chang-Lai , Fan Tao , Lu Jing , Abdelnabby Hazem , Wang Man-Qun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nitrogen has important effects on plant growth and defense. Although studies on the alternation in plant chemical defense by nitrogen fertilization have been extensively reported, how it affects physical defense is poorly understood. Two rice (Oryza sativa L.) (Poales: Poaceae) varieties (LDQ7 and YLY1) were applied with varying nitrogen regimes (0.90 and 180 kg ha−1) to study their physical defense against the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) in this study. Results of the electrical penetration graph showed that BPH searching and penetrating duration time was shortened with increasing nitrogen application. Also, the tubercle papicle of rice leaves decreased with increasing nitrogen application, while rice leaves’ surface structure and waxy composition changed with increasing nitrogen application. In field experiments, BPH populations increased with the application of nitrogen fertilizer. These findings suggest that nitrogen input can affect plant-insect interactions by reducing the physical defense of plants, which provides new ideas for the organic combinations of yield increase and pest control in rice fields.
Risk of type 2 diabetes after breast cancer treatment: a population-based cohort study in Denmark
Authors: Kjærgaard Kasper A , Kousholt Astrid , Thomsen Reimar W , Woolpert Kirsten M , Sørensen Henrik T , Borgquist Signe , Cronin-Fenton Deirdre 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Data on type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk after breast cancer (BC) could guide preventive strategies. Yet, studies had limitations regarding sample size, follow-up, and contemporary treatments. We evaluated the risk of T2D after BC overall, by cancer treatment, and compared with a matched cohort of cancer-free women.

Methods
We assembled a population-based cohort of early-stage BC patients aged 30 years or more diagnosed during 1996-2021 in Denmark. We created a comparison cohort of 5 cancer- and T2D-free women for each BC patient, matched 6 months after BC diagnosis date on age and region. We followed both cohorts until T2D diagnosis, emigration, death, or December 31, 2022. We computed 5-year cumulative incidences and used Cox models to calculate time-varying adjusted hazard ratios (aHR) of T2D.

Results
Among 74 526 BC survivors and 372 630 matched cancer-free women, 5-year cumulative incidences of T2D were 3.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 3.7 to 3.9) and 3.3% (95% CI = 3.3 to 3.4), respectively. The aHR of T2D was elevated but attenuated over follow-up (aHR5-years = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.15 to 1.25, and aHR15-years = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.05 to 1.12). Adjuvant endocrine therapy (aHR = 1.14; 95% CI = 1.10 to 1.19), aromatase inhibitors (aHR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.18 to 1.32), and less so tamoxifen (aHR = 1.05; 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.11), were associated with elevated risk of T2D in women with BC vs cancer-free women. Among BC patients, chemotherapy (aHR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.17) and radiation therapy (right-sided aHR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.09 to 1.27 and left-sided aHR = 1.24, 95CI = 1.15 to 1.33) were associated with increased T2D risk.

Conclusion
BC was associated with excess risk of T2D, although of lower magnitude than previously reported. The excess risk was temporary and related to BC treatment but could also be influenced by obesity and heightened T2D diagnostic activity.
High γ-ray escape time in 2003fg-like supernovae: a challenge to proposed models
Authors: Sharon Amir , Kushnir Doron , Schinasi-Lemberg Eden 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
A rare subclass of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia), named after the prototype SN 2003fg, includes some of the brightest SNe Ia, often called ‘super Chandrasekhar-mass’ SNe Ia. We calculate the $\gamma$-ray deposition histories and the $^{56}$Ni mass synthesized in the explosion, $M_\mathrm{Ni56}$, for eight 2003fg-like SNe. Our findings reveal that the $\gamma$-ray escape time, $t_0$, for these objects is $t_0\approx 45\!-\!60 \,$ d, significantly higher than that of normal SNe Ia. 2003fg-like SNe are distinct from normal SNe Ia in the $t_0$–$M_\mathrm{Ni56}$ plane, with a noticeable gap between the two populations. The observed position of 2003fg-like SNe in this plane poses a significant challenge for theoretical explosion models. We demonstrate that the merger of two white dwarfs (WDs) and a single star exceeding the Chandrasekhar limit fail to reproduce the observed $t_0$–$M_\mathrm{Ni56}$ distribution. However, preliminary calculations of head-on collisions of massive WDs show agreement with the observed $t_0$–$M_\mathrm{Ni56}$ distribution.
Deciphering the properties of UV upturn galaxies in the Virgo cluster
Authors: Akhil Krishna R , Kartha Sreeja S , Kizhuprakkat Namitha , Ujjwal K , P Niranjana 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
The UV upturn refers to the increase in UV flux at wavelengths shorter than 3000 $\mathring{\rm A}$ observed in quiescent early-type galaxies (ETGs), which still remains a puzzle. In this study, we aim to identify ETGs showing the UV upturn phenomenon within the Virgo galaxy cluster. We utilized a colour–colour diagram to identify all potential possible UV upturn galaxies. The spectral energy distributions (SED) of these galaxies were then analysed using the cigale software; we confirmed the presence of UV upturn in galaxies within the Virgo cluster. We found that the SED fitting method is the best tool to visualize and confirm the UV upturn phenomenon in ETGs. Our findings reveal that the population distributions regarding stellar mass and star formation rate properties are similar between UV upturn and red sequence galaxies. We suggest that the UV contribution originates from old stellar populations and can be modelled effectively without a burst model. Moreover, by estimating the temperature of the stellar population responsible for the UV emission, we determined it to be 13 000 K to 18 000 K. These temperature estimates support the notion that the UV upturn likely arises from the contribution of low mass evolved stellar populations (extreme horizontal branch stars). Furthermore, the Mg2 index, a metallicity indicator, in the confirmed upturn galaxies shows higher strength and follows a similar trend to previous studies. This study sheds light on the nature of UV upturn galaxies within the Virgo cluster and provides evidence that low-mass evolved stellar populations are the possible mechanisms driving the UV upturn phenomenon.
Intra-host genomic diversity and integration landscape of human tissue-resident DNA virome
Authors: Pyöriä Lari , Pratas Diogo , Toppinen Mari , Simmonds Peter , Hedman Klaus , Sajantila Antti , Perdomo Maria F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The viral intra-host genetic diversities and interactions with the human genome during decades of persistence remain poorly characterized. In this study, we analyzed the variability and integration sites of persisting viruses in nine organs from thirteen individuals who died suddenly from non-viral causes. The viruses studied included parvovirus B19, six herpesviruses, Merkel cell (MCPyV) and JC polyomaviruses, totaling 127 genomes. The viral sequences across organs were remarkably conserved within each individual, suggesting that persistence stems from single dominant strains. This indicates that intra-host viral evolution, thus far inferred primarily from immunocompromised patients, is likely overestimated in healthy subjects. Indeed, we detected increased viral subpopulations in two individuals with putative reactivations, suggesting that replication status influences diversity. Furthermore, we identified asymmetrical mutation patterns reflecting selective pressures exerted by the host. Strikingly, our analysis revealed non-clonal viral integrations even in individuals without cancer. These included MCPyV integrations and truncations resembling clonally expanded variants in Merkel cell carcinomas, as well as novel junctions between herpesvirus 6B and mitochondrial sequences, the significance of which remains to be evaluated. Our work systematically characterizes the genomic landscape of the tissue-resident virome, highlighting potential deviations occurring during disease.