bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pemanfaatan Ampas Tahu Sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Kecap Dengan Kapang Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Widayat Widayat , Satriadi H. 
Published: June 2017

Ampas tahu merupakan limbah dari industri pembuatan tahu yang masih mengandung 17,4% protein, 67,5% karbohidrat, 5,9% lemak dan 4,9% air. Ampas tahu ini biasanya hanya dimanfatkan sebagai tempe gembus, oncom, tauco maupun ccampuran makanan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat kecap dari ampas tahu dengan kapang Aspergillus oryzae dan memperoleh kondisi optimumnya. Proses pembuatan kecap pada prinsipnya terdiri dari fermentasi bahan baku (koji), fermentasi di dalam larutan garam (moromi), penyaringan dan pemasakan (penambahan bumbu). Variabel tetap pada penelitian ini adalah berat ampas tahu 1000 gr dan suhu fermentasi pada suhu kamar. Variabel berubah yang dipelajari adalah penambahan yeast, waktu fermentasi, dan waktu penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa waktu fermentasi merupakan variabel yang paling berpengaruh, diikuti oleh konsentrasi yeast dan waktu penyimpanan. Model matematika untuk optimasi waktu fermentasi dan konsentrasi yeast adalah Y= 3,1134 + 14,4571 X1 + 1,2378 X2 – 73X12 + 0,5 X1.X2 – 0,1925 X22, dengan X1 adalah waktu fermentasi, X2 adalah konsentrasi yeast, dan Y adalah konsentrasi protein. Kondisi optimum didapat sebagai berikut konsentrasi yeast 0,11% dengan waktu fermentasi 80,61 jam (3,36 hari) dan diperoleh kadar protein yang optimal 5,9%.Kata kunci : ampas tahu, konsentrasi protein, Aspergillus oryzae, waktu fermentasi, konsentrasi yeast
Effect of 3-substituted 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones on maximal normalized rate of bradykinin-induced smooth muscle contraction in the presence of calcium channel blockers
Authors: Virych P. A. , Shelyuk O. V. , Kabanova T. A. , Khalimova O. I. , Martynyuk V. S. , Pavlovsky V. I. , Andronati S. A. 
Published: June 2017

The development of modern organic chemistry and molecular modeling technologies simplify the search for potential inhibitors of various receptor systems and biological processes. The one of the directions is the development of analgesics of broad spectrum and low toxicity. It is important to search for inhibitors of the kinin-kallikrein system that regulates many functions: inflammation, pain, carcinogenesis, vascular tone, smooth muscle contraction and other. Derivatives of 3-substituted 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones have a unique spatial conformation that allows one to simulate β-structures of bioactive peptides. The functional activity of compounds is determined by properties of their peripheral chemical radicals. We analyzed the effect of 3-substituted 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-ones derivatives on the normalized maximal rate of bradykinin-induced smooth muscle contraction and relaxation of the stomach in the presence of calcium channel blockers: verapamil (1 μM), gadolinium (300 μM) and 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate (0.1 μM). The levels of bradykinin and 3-arylamino-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones in incubation solution were 10–6 M. Data processing on dynamics of contraction was performed according to the method of Burdyha and Kosterin. Compounds MX-1775 and MX-1925 reduced maximal normalized rate (Vn) of bradykinin-induced smooth muscle contraction in the presence of Gd3+ by 21.2% and 31.0% respectively. Compound MX-1925 increased Vn of relaxation by 11.6%. A similar effect is typical for MX-2011, where there is an increase by 34.6%. In the presence of verapamil this compound additionally decreased Vn contraction by 20.5%. Substances MX-1775, MX-2004 and MX-1925 restored maximal normalized rate of relaxation to original values of bradykinin-induced contraction. In the presence of 2-aminoethyldiphenylborinate MX-1775 additionally reduced Vn of contractions by 7.5%. 3-substituted 1,4-benzo­diazepine-2-ones did not change the maximal normalized rate of contraction and relaxation of carbachol- and potential-induced smooth muscle contraction. Based on the results and previous investigations, the MX-1775 is a potential blocker of kinin B2-receptors. Effects obtained for other compounds require additional research.
THE ANTIGEN-SPECIFIC CELL IN VITRO TESTS FOR POST-VACCINATION ANTIPLAGUE IMMUNITY FORMATION
Authors: Kulichenko A. N. , Abzaeva N. V. , Gostischeva S. E. , Rakitina E. L. , Ponomarenko D. G. , Kostuchenko M. V. 
Published: June 2017

The possibility of post-vaccination anti-plague immunity evaluation was researched using antigen-stimulated cells tests in vitro and cytometry analysis. The object of study — the blood samples of 17 people immunised by the live plague vaccine (Yersinia pestis EV) epicutaneously. Blood taking was carried out before vaccination and after immunisation on 7 and on 21 days, in 3 and in 6 months. Intensity antigen reactivity of lymphocytes was detected by cell tests in vitro, analysing markers of early (CD45+CD3+CD25+) and late (CD45+CD3+HLA-DR+) lymphocyte activation using flow cytometry. The complex of water-soluble Y. pestis antigens and allergen — pestin PP was tested as antigen. The high stimulating potential was defined of the water-soluble antigens Y. pestis complex. It is shown that coefficient of stimulation of relative level T- lymphocytes which express receptors for IL-2 was positive for all observation times after immunisation. The coefficient of stimulation had maximum values at 21 days (56.37%) and at 3 (47.41%) months. In identifying HLADR-positive lymphocytes before vaccination, the negative coefficient of stimulation was indicated on 7 and 21 days and the positive coefficient of stimulation was indicated at 3 and at 6 months. Analysis of intensity expression of early and late lymphocyte activation markers dynamics showed the possibility and prospect of application of cellular in vitro tests for the laboratory evaluation of specific reactivity of cellular immunity in both the early (7 days) and late (6 months) periods after vaccination. The results can be the basis for developing a new algorithm for assessment of immunological effectiveness of vaccination people against plague. It is the algorithm based on the identification of lymphocyte activation markers by antigen stimulation in conditions in vitro.
O uso do role-playing game para o ensino de biologia: aprendendo zoologia de maneira não convencional
Authors: Silva André Maciel da , Silva Gabriel Gonçalves Ribeiro , Nascimento Júnior Antonio Fernandes 
Published: June 2017

É claro, atualmente, o fato de que o ensino de ciências enfrenta diversos desafios. As aulas precisam construir o conhecimento com os alunos de forma instigante e interessante, ou existe o risco de não estimularem a reflexão dos estudantes e seu gosto pelo conhecimento. Dessa forma, foi desenvolvida uma metodologia com o objetivo de construir conhecimentos de zoologia com os alunos, além de proporcionar oportunidades de reflexão e contextualização do tema. Para isso, foi utilizado um RPG (Role-playing Game), construído especialmente para esta aula. Após o processo de planejamento, o jogo foi aplicado para os alunos. Primeiramente, as regras do jogo foram apresentadas aos alunos, que então se dividiram em grupos para jogar, sendo que um dos jogadores de cada grupo foi o mestre e os outros escolheram, cada um, um animal dentro da história do jogo. Após o jogo, foi feita uma discussão sobre os temas abordados. Durante toda a aula, o professor atuou como mediador, orientando os grupos durante o jogo e auxiliando na contextualização dos temas presentes na história. Os alunos escreveram suas impressões sobre as aulas, que foram geralmente positivas. Foi possível perceber que o RPG não apenas se mostra como uma nova maneira de se ensinar ciência, mas também estimula a imaginação, a criatividade e a cooperação entre os alunos, de forma divertida e lúdica. Estratégias como esta aproximam o aluno do conhecimento, e demonstram como métodos alternativos de ensino podem ser não apenas divertidos, mas muito úteis para professores e alunos. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Role-playing Game. Metodologias Alternativas. Ensino de Ciências e Biologia.
Avaliação de Danos Ambientais em Sítios Arqueológicos
Authors: Donato Cláudio José , Astolphi José Luís de Lima , Uliana Maira Rodrigues 
Published: June 2017

O tema deste estudo é avaliação de danos ambientais em sítios arqueológicos. Justifica-se este estudo por tratar sobre a questão da proteção ambiental e a importância da preservação dos sítios arqueológicos. O objetivo do presente estudo é analisar a importância de realizar avaliação de danos e impactos ambientais em sítios arqueológico. A metodologia adotada foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Os resultados deste estudo demonstram que a prevenção de impactos ambientais em áreas de sítios arqueológicos se faz por meio de diagnóstico, para que se possa obter a licença ambiental. Com isto se pode minimizar os impactos ambientais e preservar o patrimônio histórico cultural do país. PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Sítio arqueológico. IPHAN. Danos Ambientais.
Educação Ambiental frente à Reforma do Ensino Médio no Brasil
Authors: Reis Laís Naiara Gonçalves dos , Martins Marco Túlio , Rosa Daniela Almeida 
Published: June 2017

O conceito de educação ambiental se diferencia pelos vieses do local de aplicação desta. A formação e desenvolvimento do indivíduo também acontecem nas instituições de ensino e, portanto os princípios que compõem a recente alteração da LDB para Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) precisam ser claros e dotados de pedagogia para que a educação ambiental seja desenvolvida nas grandes áreas propostas, uma vez que os alunos deverão optar por uma área. A preocupação é que não seja possível desenvolver em sua plenitude a educação ambiental por meio da proposta de flexibilização da grade curricular. Este artigo tem como objetivo avaliar o caráter pedagógico da educação ambiental nas alterações da Reforma do Ensino Médio brasileiro e na BNCC, nos conteúdos itinerários das Ciências da natureza e suas tecnologias e Ciências humanas sociais e aplicadas. Para tal, foi realizado o levantamento bibliográfico na literatura científica sobre a educação ambiental: teoria e aplicabilidades para a construção de reflexões sobre a Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) e a sua abordagem de EA. Após a leitura dos PCN’s, ficou-se a impressão de uma escola ideal, muito além daquela contemplada pela infraestrutura das escolas públicas brasileiras, sobretudo, no que tange aos aspectos de laboratório. Por ter característica continuada, a escola deverá adotar uma política e práticas que permitam o desenvolvimento integrado da Educação Ambiental no âmbito escolar. Para tal, alguns temas podem ser desenvolvidos na escola e em sua comunidade. Sugere-se um projeto start a partir da investigação da Coleta Seletiva de Resíduos Sólidos (CSRS). PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Educação ambiental. BNCC. Ensino.
Молодежь и революция (эскиз к политическому портрету)
Authors: Ильинский Игорь Михайлович 
Published: June 2017

<p>В статье проанализированы этапы российской истории XIX в. с точки зрения роли молодежи в ключевые моменты рождения новых социальных идей. Историософский очерк позволяет лучше понять ситуацию, в которой оказалась Россия в начале ХХ в., причины трех русских революций, представляющих собой единое по своей природе явление.</p><p>Впервые особая роль молодежи в российской истории резко проявилась во времена реформ Петра I, когда разразился конфликт поколений. Новые поколения молодежи XVIII в. поддерживали новый образ жизни. Они передали духовную эстафету своим детям. Движение декабристов возникло в 1820-х годах под влиянием просветительской деятельности и западноевропейских политических идей. Организации декабристов можно считать первыми по возрастному составу молодежными организациями. В начале и середине XIX в. движущей силой социально-политических движений была дворянская молодежь. С 1860-х годов инициатива перешла молодежи разночинной, интеллигентской. К концу века революционную массу составляли в основном молодые рабочие и рабочие-интеллигенты. В начале ХХ в. в революционной среде стала появляться крестьянская молодежь. Молодые люди стояли во главе различных революционных кружков и организаций, были духовными вожаками и идеологами различных общественных и революционных течений, составляли практически всю массу революционного движения.</p><p>Общественное движение молодежи, будучи на первых порах культурно-просветительским по своим конкретным и ближайшим задачам, в сущности своей в конце концов было революционно-политическим, ибо в той или иной форме вело к изменению или свержению существовавшего строя. Главными причинами возбуждения и непрерывного (с некоторыми спадами в критические моменты) нарастания революционного движения были условия жизни молодежи и внешняя международная обстановка.</p><p>Среди различных настроений, кружков и групп в революционном движении наиболее заметным и сильным было социалистическое течение. Социализм более всего отвечал умонастроению и психологическому состоянию, в котором находилось русское общество после реформ начала 1860-х годов.</p><p> </p>
Эволюция погребального обряда хакасов: факторы сохранения системной целостности
Authors: Анжиганова Лариса Викторовна , Арчимаева Маргарита Юрьевна 
Published: June 2017

<p>В работе осуществлен анализ основных этапов и факторов эволюции погребального обряда хакасов начиная с древности до начала XXI в. Под понятием «погребальный обряд» авторы понимают систему действий, объединенных единством мировоззренческих оснований, совершаемых с момента смерти человека, во время погребения и после похорон в виде поминальных ритуалов. Анализ научной литературы показал, что погребальный обряд рассматривался как объект либо археологических, либо этнографических изысканий, а также, что потребность рассмотреть обряд в его системной целостности требует культурологического анализа. </p><p class="21">Погребальный обряд хакасов в своих мировоззренческих основах начал формироваться еще в период тагарской культуры VIII–II вв. до н. э. Он соответствовал вертикально-горизонтальной структуре мира, проводился в соответствии с культами Неба, Земли, Огня. Таковым он оставался и в последующие периоды развития народа.</p><p class="21">В ХVIII — начале ХХ1 в. обрядность испытала влияние ряда факторов, в большей степени повлиявших на форму, но не на содержание ритуалов. Так, влияние господствующего рода кыргызов выразилось в доминировании обряда по типу трупосожжения. Взаимодействие различных этнических групп и родов (сеоков) Саяно-Алтая также внесло некоторые новации в обряд и оформление памятников. Особое влияние на проведение погребального обряда хакасов могла бы оказать христианизация, но он сохранил свою целостность. Атеизм ХХ в. лишь изменил форму надгробного памятника, когда распространились постаменты с пятиконечной звездой. В ХXI в. происходит восстановление этнической культуры хакасов. Хакасы выказывают живой интерес к традиционным формам, в том числе в погребальной обрядности.</p>
Reviews on “Progresses of Earthquake Engineering in Japan”
Authors: Takiguchi Katsuki ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology
Published: June 2017

It seems that when human beings attain one thing, it is at the simultaneous loss of something else. Upon developing recording devices, we lose our ability to memorize. Upon creating convenient computers, we lose our ability to calculate. What, then, do progress and development really mean? In considering this, time spans become especially important.
How are we to properly understand the progress and changes that have occurred in the last 3 decades in light of disaster prevention and reduction? Advances in communication technologies and developments in transportation system seem somehow to have accelerated the speed at which we live and at which our lives pass. How are we to balance the changes between progress in disaster prevention/reduction and the increasing potential risks disasters can bring due to our increasingly complex society? It seems certain that one thing has not advanced at all – the human capacity for foresight.
Let us consider the span of 3 decades from another perspective: Henry Petroski, in his Design Paradigms – Case Histories of Error and Judgment in Engineering – (Cambridge University Press, 1994), introduces the theory that every 30 years, a bridge falls – within the span of 30 years, succession in wisdom dies out.
Articles published more than 30 years ago give us a unique opportunity to assess their foresight, especially those written by persons in leadership positions at the time.
In the 3 years from 1973 to 1975, the journal Technocrat, published by Fuji Technology Press Ltd., presented 9 review articles on earthquake disaster prevention. They were all written by leaders in the field. An editorial reviewing urban disaster prevention in Japan was also published in Toshi bousai keikakuron (Urban Disaster Prevention Planning) (Dobunshoin) in 1986 – roughly a decade later.
These 10 articles will be republished in Vol. 1 Nos. 1-3 in this journal, together with new articles reviewing progress and development afterward. This unique series will consist of 18 articles as shown in the following list. Don’t miss it!
Katsuki Takiguchi
Professor, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Message from the Winner
Authors: Yeh Harry ,   Professor, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
Published: June 2017

I am honored to receive the JDR Award and am very grateful to the editors and staff members of the Journal of Disaster Research. I am also deeply indebted to the authors who contributed their excellent papers to the two special issues that I had the privilege of guest editing. One issue focused on tsunami forces and effects on structures (Vol.4 No.6) and the other on uncertainties in tsunami effects (Vol.11 No.4). I organized these special issues in cooperation with professors Shuto1 and Sato2, without whom I could not have achieved such fruitful special issues. So this award must be shared with both professor Shuto and professor Sato.
The Journal of Disaster Research was founded in 2006, immediately after two impactful disasters: the 2004 Great Indian Ocean Earthquake and Tsunami, and the 2005 Hurricane Katrina. The founding of the journal was very timely, and I was inspired when I was invited to serve as an international member of the editorial board. Recognizing that research in natural hazards must be trans-disciplinary and interwoven with expertise in geophysics, engineering, and social sciences, I felt it was difficult to locate a proper arena for reporting research findings. And because natural hazards do not recognize national borders, I felt it was crucial that research be conducted with close international collaboration.
In the Journal’s early days, it published collections of papers originating mostly from Japanese research activities. But contributions from other countries have increased dramatically, and today the Journal is in the process of establishing an exceptional reputation, attracting truly outstanding research articles from around the world. The Journal of Disaster Research now serves as an excellent dissemination outlet for cutting-edge natural hazard and disaster research, and I intend to continually contribute to this exemplary international journal.
An Examination of the Impact of Computer Skills on the Effective Use of ICT in the Classroom
Authors: Khaloufi Az-eddine , Laabidi Hicham 
Published: June 2017

The purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of computer skills on the successful integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Moroccan higher education institutions. Actually, the survival of these institutions in the expansion of modern technologies depends on their readiness to qualify professors and students to implement ICTs for educational objectives. Because of the significant role that computer technologies play in today’s job markets, higher education institutions are required to provide the most appropriate learning and teaching conditions for both professors and students to make effective use of these new technologies within classroom practices. The findings revealed that teachers consider ICTs very essential in their teaching. However, there are low levels of computer technology integration in teaching processes. This lack of computer technology use in instruction is attributed to several factors. One of these various factors is teachers’ computer skills. It has been found that there are statistically significant differences between professors’ use of ICT with respect to their computer skills, F (4,158) = 32.776, p<0.05.
Las tesis doctorales como instrumento para conocer la evolución de la producción en biblioteconomía y documentación: el caso del Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación de la Universidad Carlos III
Authors: Ortiz Sánchez Sarivette , Martín-Moreno Carmen 
Published: June 2017

Los estudios doctorales son los que conducen al grado académico más alto y dada su importancia son regulados por diferentes normativas. Por ello es importante conocer la evolución de la producción investigadora de los departamentos que otorgan dicho grado. En este estudio se analiza el caso del Departamento de Biblioteconomía y Documentación (ByD) de la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid (UC3M) a través de las 46 tesis doctorales defendidas durante los cursos 1996-1997 y 2005-2006. Su objetivo es conocer la evolución de la producción de tesis, la colaboración del Departamento con otras instituciones, el perfil actual de los autores, así como las fuentes y autores más citados en las tesis. Para ello se ha utilizado una metodología basada en técnicas bibliométricas, a fin de estudiar las 16,208 referencias utilizadas en las tesis. Se ha distribuido un cuestionario a los autores de las tesis para conocer su perfil actual. Entre los resultados se observa una media de 352 referencias por tesis, con preferencia a revistas y sobre temas relacionados con bibliometría y estudios de usuarios. En cuanto a la actividad actual de los autores de las tesis, cabe señalar que principalmente se encuentran en ambientes académicos y continúan investigando en su tema de tesis. Con respecto al consumo de información actual, se encontró similitud con la utilizada en las tesis.
La reutilización de la información pública en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid
Authors: Cobo Serrano Silvia , Sala Jiménez Andrea , Ramos Simón L. Fernando 
Published: June 2017

La reutilización de información fue introducida por la directiva europea 2003/98/CE y apoyada por la ley española 37/2007 para dar un enfoque uniforme a los aspectos relativos a la reutilización de datos del sector público. Se pretende caracterizar la información y analizar diversos aspectos de la reutilización de la información en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Se presenta el Portal de datos públicos como resultado de la investigación, y se recomienda la creación de productos de información, normalización, control, comunicación y difusión para potenciar la reutilización de la información madrileña.