bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Metoda Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) pada Rancang Bangun Data Logger berbasis SD card
Authors: SUSANA RATNA , ICHWAN MUHAMMAD , PHARD SAVERO AL 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAKSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI) adalah protokol komunikasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai interface komunikasi antara mikrokontroler dengan SD Card. Dengan menerapkan metoda SPI pada data logger berbasis SD Card, maka dapat diketahui karakteristik protokol komunikasi SPI antara mikrokontroler dengan SD Card. SD Card diformat dengan tipe FAT 16, dan data di dalam SD Card berupa sekumpulan paket data sensor yang diambil secara periodik dan disimpan dalam bentuk file dengan format.csv. Berdasarkan format paket data sensor yang dibuat, dapat dihitungwaktu perekaman data yang diperlukan agar kapasitas SD Card terisi penuh oleh data sensor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan,bahwa metoda SPI yang diterapkan pada penelitian ini memiliki sifat akan melakukan pemeriksaan berulang pada pin MISO terhadap command yang dikirimkan oleh mikrokontroler melalui pin MOSI. Proses read/write data pada SD Card data logger memiliki keberhasilan 100%, karena SD Card telah terinisialisasi dalam mode SPI melalui perintah reset dan init SD Card. Komunikasi ini dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan crystal 4 Mhz – 20 Mhz. Untuk pengujian konfigurasi SPI, hanya Independent Slave Configuration yang dapat digunakan pada komunikasi SPI dengan 2 SD card sebagai slave. Kata kunci: Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), Data Logger, SD card, FAT16ABSTRACTSerial Peripheral Interface (SPI) is a communication protocol that can be applied as a communication interface between microcontroller to SD Card. By implementing the SPI method to a data logger based on SD Card, it can be known the characteristics of the SPI communications protocol between microcontroller to SD Card. SD Card formatted in FAT 16 type, and data on the SD Card is the form of sensor data packets collection which be captured periodically and saved in .csv format file. Based on the sensor data packet format is created, it can be calculated recording time data required so that the SD Card capacity completely filled by the sensor data. Research results show, that the SPI method applied in this study has the properties will do repeated testing on MISO pin to the command sent by the microcontroller through the MOSI pin. The read / write data on the SD Card data logger has a 100% success, because the SD Card has been initialized in SPI mode through the reset and init SD Card command. This communication can be established using crystal 4 Mhz - 20 Mhz. At SPI configuration testing, only the Independent Slave Configuration can be used in SPI communication with 2 SD card as a slave.Keywords: Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), Data Logger, SD card, FAT16
Rancang Bangun Band Pass Filter Frekuensi 1.27 GHz untuk Teknologi Synthetic Aperture Radar
Authors: FITRIANTO RIFAN , ROHMAH YUYUN SITI , SAPUTRA EFA MAYDHONA 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAKSynthetic Apertur Radar (SAR) adalah teknologi radar yang digunakan untuk pengambilan gambar suatu objek dalam bentuk 2 atau 3 dimensi (penginderaan jarak jauh). Sistem tersebut bekerja pada rentang frekuensi 1.265 sampai dengan 1.275 GHZ dengan frekuensi tengahnya 1.27 GHz. Agar sistem SAR ini dapat bekerja dengan optimal, dibutuhkan suatu perangkat filter yang dapat meloloskan frekuensi yang diinginkan. Sebelumnya sudah ada penelitian yang membuat perangkat ini di band frekuensi yang sama namun menggunakan bahan duroid 5880 dan resonator berbentuk kotak. Bandpass filter Pada penelitian ini dirancang dengan menggunakan metode Hairpin line dan bahan epoxy FR4. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan nilai Return Loss masih cukup besar yaitu -9.33 dB dan nilai Insertion Loss minimal sebesar -13.51 dB.Kata kunci: Syntethic Aperture Radar, Band Pass Filter, Hairpin-lineABSTRACTSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is a radar technology that used for taking an object in the form of 2 or 3 dimensions (remote sensing). It works in the frequency range 1.265 to 1.275 GHZ with a middle frequency of 1.27 GHz. SAR system can work optimally if it support a filter device that can pass the desired frequency. Previously there has been research that makes this device in the same frequency band but using 5885 duroid material and square resonator. Bandpass filter In this study designed using Hairpin line method and FR4 epoxy material. The measurement results of Return Loss values are still quite large arround -9.33 dB and Insertion Loss minimum at -13.51 dB.Keywords: Syntethic Aperture Radar, Band Pass Filter, Hairpin line
Implementasi Prototype Alat Uji Flight Control Actuator Pesawat Berbasis Mikrokontroller Arduino Uno
Authors: TARYANA NANDANG , ALBAYUMI USEP ALI , ROHIM ABDUL 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAKFlight control system merupakan suatu sistem di pesawat udara yang digunakan untuk manuver dari satu kondisi terbang ke kondisi terbang lainnya. Alat uji flight control actuator pesawat ini dirancang berupa prototype yang dikendalikan dengan menggunakan mikrokontroller arduino uno, yang terdiri dari input dan output. Input tersebut adalah sensor load cell yang berfungsi untuk mengetahui beban yang diterima dari aktuator pesawat, serta input sensor ping berfungsi untuk mengetahui jarak ataupun sudut dari pergerakan aktuator pesawat. Sedangkan output yang dihasilkan berupa data dari hasil pembacaan sensor load cell dan sensor ping. Alat uji flight control sistem aktuator pesawat yang telah direalisasikan mampu menggerakkan 2 buah double acting cylinder untuk bekerja naik dan turun secara bergantian serta mampu menggerakkan motor servo dengan jarak pergerakkan 3 cm – 4 cm.Kata kunci: Flight control system, Arduino Uno, double acting cylinder, Sensor Ping, Load Cell, Motor ServoABSTRACTFlight control system is a system in which aircraft are used to maneuver from one condition to fly to other flight conditions. Testing instruments aircraft flight control actuator designed a prototype of which is controlled by using microcontroller arduino uno, which consists of input and output. The input is a load cell sensor that serves to determine the load received from aircraft actuators, as well as ping sensor input is used to determine the distance or angle of the aircraft actuator movement . While the output of the data from the load cell sensor readings and sensor ping . Test equipment aircraft flight control actuator system that has been realized is able to move two pieces of double acting cylinder to work up and down alternately and able to drive the servo motor with the movement distance of 3 cm – 4 cm . Keywords: Flight control system , Arduino Uno , double acting cylinder , Ping Sensor, Load Cell, Servo Motor
Perbandingan Nilai Ukur Sensor Load Cell pada Alat Penyortir Buah Otomatis terhadap Timbangan Manual
Authors: WAHYUDI WAHYUDI , RAHMAN ABDUR , NAWAWI MUHAMMAD 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRAKNilai ukur antara sensor load cell yang ada pada timbangan digital dan nilai ukur pada timbangan konvensional atau manual terkadang memiliki perbedaan yang sangat signifikan diantara keduanya, hal ini biasanya diakibatkan oleh beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi perbedaan nilai ukur tersebut, oleh karena itu pada penelitian kali ini, akan dilakukan suatu pengukuran dan pengujian berat suatu beban dengan objek yang ukur yaitu buah apel, tomat dan jeruk. Pengujian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui sistem mana yang lebih efisien dan akurat dalam melakukan suatu perhitungan berat suatu buah. Untuk tahap pertama, Proses pengukuran berat buah menggunakan sensor load cell dilakukan pada alat penyortir buah otomatis, kemudian untuk tahap kedua, pengukuran buah dilakukan dengan menggunakan timbangan jenis manual atau konvensioanal. Setelah didapat nilai perhitungan dari keduanya, selanjutnya akan dianalisa dan dibandingakan hasil ukur dari kedua sistem tersebut untuk mengetahui tingkat efisiensi dari keduanya.Kata Kunci : Perbandingan, Nilai Ukur, Load Cell, Timbangan Manual, keakuratan ABSTRACTThe measuring values between the load cell sensors present in the digital scales and the measured values on the conventional or manual scales sometimes have a very significant difference between them, this is usually due to several factors affecting the difference in measuring values, therefore in this study, Will be done a measurement and testing the weight of a load with the measuring object of apples, tomatoes and oranges. This test is conducted to determine which system is more efficient and accurate in performing a weight calculation of a fruit. For the first stage, the process of measuring the weight of fruit using the load cell sensor is done on the automatic fruit sorter, then for the second stage, the fruit measurement is done by using manual or conventional scales. Having obtained the value of the calculation of both, then will be analyzed and compared the results of measuring both systems to determine the level of efficiency of both.Keywords: Comparison, Measure Value, Load Cell, Manual Scales, Accuracy
Towards design optimization of high-pressure gasoline injectors using Genetic Algorithm coupled with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Authors: Hellmann Robin , Jochmann Paul , Stapf Karl Georg , Schuenemann Erik , Daróczy László , Thévenin Dominique 
Published: September 2017

The spray pattern of high-pressure multi-hole injectors as well as the atomization process are of uttermost impor-tance regarding efficiency and emissions in gasoline combustion engines. Ensuring optimal homogenization while meeting the engine individual specifications regarding spray targeting and massflow is a crucial development goal. High effort is put on the layout of the nozzle seat to meet the engine requirements. Success is only possible with a deep knowledge of the influencing quantities, considering that many design parameters affect the inner nozzle flow. Based on this knowledge improvement in spray penetration length and atomization can be achieved.In the current investigation a segment model of the injector is considered. A fully automated, highly parallelized workflow enables a systematic examination of the constrained design space with acceptable computational time. The CFD workflow is implemented in the OPtimization Algorithm Library++ (OPAL++) developed at the “Otto von Guericke” University of Magdeburg.First, inner nozzle flow 3D-CFD calculations of two selected nozzle geometries are validated by comparison with shadowgraphy and Long-Distance-Microscope (LDM) measurements. Using these simulations, correlations be- tween nozzle flow parameters and the key spray characteristics, serving as optimization objectives, are analyzed. Second, a Design-of-Experiment (DoE) is created to understand the interdependency between design variables and objectives. Based on the DoE, metamodels are constructed, validated, compared with each other and used for optimization. Afterwards, a direct 3D CFD-optimization is carried out for the nozzle geometry. It relies on a Genetic Algorithm in OPAL++ to identify the Pareto front of the multi-objective problem. Finally, the Pareto front is analyzedand conclusions are drawn for future research.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4586
Numerical studies of turbulent particle-laden jets using spatial approach of one-dimensional turbulence
Authors: Fistler Marco , Lignell David O. , Kerstein Alan , Oevermann Michael 
Published: September 2017

To challenge one of the major problems for multiphase flow simulations, namely computational costs, a dimension-reduced model is used with the goal to predict these types of flow more efficiently. One-dimensional turbulence (ODT) is a stochastic model simulating turbulent flow evolution along a notional one-dimensional line of sight by applying instantaneous maps that represent the effect of individual turbulent eddies on property fields. As the particle volume fraction is in an intermediate range above 10−5 for dilute flows and under 10−2 for dense ones, turbulence modulation is important and can be sufficiently resolved with a two-way coupling approach, which means the particle phase influences the fluid phase and vice versa. For the coupling mechanism the ODT multiphase model is extended to consider momentum transfer and energy in the deterministic evolution and momentum transfer during the particle-eddy interaction. The changes of the streamwise velocity profiles caused by different solid particle loadings are compared with experimental data as a function of radial position. Additionally, streamwise developments of axial RMS and mean gas velocities along the centerline are evaluated as functions of axial position. To achieve comparable results, the spatial approach of ODT in cylindrical coordinates is used here. The investigated jet configuration features a nozzle diameter of 14.22 cm and a Reynolds number of 8400, which leads to a centerline inlet velocity of 11.7 m/s. The particles used are glass beads with a density of 2500 kg/m3. Two different particle diameters (25 and 70 µm) were tested for an evaluation of the models capability to capture the impact of a varying Stokes number and also two different particle solid loadings (0.5 and 1.0) were evaluated. It is shown that the modelis capable of capturing turbulence modulation of particles in a round jet.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4604
An improved image processing method for particle characterization by shadowgraphy
Authors: Wang Hua , Felis Francisco , Tomas Severine , Anselmet Fabien , Amielh Muriel 
Published: September 2017

Shadowgraphy is one of the most popular imaging techniques to characterize moving particles by their size,geometry as well as velocity, due to its simplicity. However, it requires advanced image processing to handle various image defects such as non-uniform illumination, overlapped particles, etc., which are normally only solved for individual applications. This study proposes a robust image processing method for particle shadowgraphy, aiming to process imperfect particle shadow images. The proposed method first detects qualified particles from particle shadow images, and then processes detected particles individually. Therefore different defects from different particles can be handled separately and locally. An overlapped particles detection and separation algorithm is also implemented to improve the accuracy of size and geometry characterization.The proposed method is first proved by synthetic generated particle shadow images, followed by a proof test with shadow images from a transparent dot pattern target. Finally this method is successfully applied to a shadowimage acquired from a water spray and proved to be able to handle various issues of shadowgraphy.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4614
High Speed Shadowgraphy of Transparent Nozzles as an Evaluation Tool for In-Nozzle Cavitation Behavior of GDI Injectors
Authors: Mamaikin Dmitrii , Knorsch Tobias , Rogler Philipp , Leick Philippe , Wensing Michael 
Published: September 2017

Gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) systems have become a rapidly developing technology taking up a considerableand rapidly growing share in the Gasoline Engine market due to the thermodynamic advantages of direct injection. The process of spray formation and propagation from a fuel injector is very crucial in optimizing the air-fuel mixture of DI engines. Previous studies have shown that the presence of some cavitation in high-pressure fuel nozzles can lead to better atomization of the fluid. However, under some very specific circumstances, high levels of cavitation can also delay the atomization process; spray stabilization due to hydraulic flip is the most well-known example. Therefore, a better understanding of cavitation behavior is of vital importance for further optimization of next generation fuel injectors.In contrast to the abundance of investigations conducted on the inner flow and cavitation patterns of diesel injectors, corresponding in-depth research on the inner flow of gasoline direct-injection nozzles is still relatively scarce. In this study, the results of an experiment performed on real-size GDI injector nozzles made of acrylic glass are presented. The inner flow of the nozzle is visualized using a high-power pulsed laser, a long-distance microscope and a high- speed camera. The ambiguity of dark areas on the images, which may represent cavitation regions as well as ambient air drawn into the nozzle holes, is resolved by injecting the fuel both into a fuel or gas filled environment. In addition, the influence of backpressure on the transient flow characteristics of the internal flow is investigated. In good agreement with observations made in previous studies, higher backpressure levels decrease the amount of cavitation inside the nozzles. Due to the high temporal and spatial resolution of the experiment, the transient cavitation behavior during the opening, quasi-steady and closing phases of the injector needle motion can be analyzed. For example, it is found that cavitation patterns oscillate with a characteristic frequency that depends on the backpressure. The link between cavitation and air drawn into the nozzle at the beginning of injection is alsorevealed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4639
Measurement of polymeric time scales from linear drop oscillations
Authors: Plohl Gregor , Brenn Günter 
Published: September 2017

The oscillating drop method allows material properties of liquids to be measured from damped drop oscillations. Theliterature discusses, e.g., the measurement of the liquid dynamic viscosity and the surface tension against the ambient medium, predominantly for Newtonian liquids. We use this method for measuring pairs of material properties of polymeric liquids. Pairs of properties may be measured, since the quantity measured is a complex frequency with a real and an imaginary part. For the measurements, individual drops are levitated in air by an ultrasonic levitator and imaged with a high-speed camera. Amplitude modulation of the ultrasound drives shape oscillations of the levitated drop. When the modulation is switched off, with the levitating force maintained, the drop performs free oscillations which are damped due to the liquid viscosity. The data acquired from the images recorded are the angular frequency and the damping rate which are used as an input into the characteristic equation of the oscillating drop. Our measurements intend to yield either two viscoelastic time scales with the zero-shear viscosity known, or one time scale and the zero-shear viscosity, with the other time scale known. The two time scales are the stress relaxation and the deformation retardation times. The latter is difficult to get for polymer solutions.The present contribution presents results from a large set of measurements of the deformation retardation time. Liquids studied are aqueous solutions of poly(acryl-amides) at varying concentration. The corresponding values of the zero-shear viscosity agree well with the values from shear rheometry. Values of the deformation retardation time differ substantially from the values commonly used in viscoelastic flow simulations. Furthermore, the measured values disagree with the predictions from the viscous-elastic stress splitting approach in linear viscoelasticity. With our study we will provide a consistent set of material properties for the Oldroyd-B model in linear viscoelasticity. This will beimportant for material modelling in viscoelastic spray simulations.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4686
Numerical investigation of the role of heat transfer in bubble dynamics
Authors: Fostiropoulos Stavros Rafail , Malgarinos Ilias , Strotos George , Nikolopoulos Nikolaos , Kakaras Emmanouil , Koukouvinis Phoevos , Gavaises Manolis 
Published: September 2017

Bubble dynamics is generally described by the well-known Rayleigh-Plesset (R-P) equation in which the bubblepressure (or equivalently the bubble density) is predefined by assuming a polytropic gas equation of state with common assumptions to include either isothermal or adiabatic bubble behaviour. The present study examines the applicability of this assumption by assuming that the bubble density obeys the ideal gas equation of state, while the heat exchange with the surrounding liquid is estimated as part of the numerical solution. The numerical model employed includes the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations along with the energy equation, while the liquid- gas interface is tracked using the Volume of Fluid (VOF) methodology; phase-change mechanism is assumed to be insignificant compared to bubble heat transfer mechanism. To assess the effect of heat transfer and gas equation of state on bubble behaviour, simulations are also performed for the same initial conditions by using a polytropic equation of state for the bubble phase without solving the energy equation. The accuracy of computations is enhanced by using a dynamic local grid refinement technique which reduces the computational cost and allows for the accurate representation of the interface for the whole duration of the phenomenon in which the bubble size changes significantly. A parametric study performed for various initial bubble sizes and ambient conditions reveals the cases for which the bubble behaviour resembles that of an isothermal or the adiabatic one. Additional to the CFD simulations, a 0-D model is proposed to predict the bubble dynamics. This combines the solution of a modified R-P equation assuming ideal gas bubble content along with an equation for the bubbletemperature based on the 1st law of thermodynamics; a correction factor is used to represent accurately the heattransfer between the two phases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4691
Computational Prediction of Primary Breakup in Fuel Spray Nozzles for Aero-Engine Combustors
Authors: Dauch Thilo Ferdinand , Braun Samuel , Wieth Lars , Chaussonnet Geoffroy , Keller Marc Christoph , Koch Rainer , Bauer Hans-Jörg 
Published: September 2017

Primary breakup of liquid fuel in the vicinity of fuel spray nozzles as utilized in aero-engine combustors is numericallyinvestigated. As grid based methods exhibit a variety of disadvantages when it comes to the prediction of multi- phase flows, the ”Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics“ (SPH)-method is employed. The eligibility of the method to analyze breakup of fuel has been demonstrated in recent publications by Braun et al, Dauch et al and Koch et al [1, 2, 3, 4]. In the current paper a methodology for the investigation of the two-phase flow in the vicinity of fuel spray nozzles at typical operating conditions is proposed. Due to lower costs in terms of computing time, 2D predictions are desired. However, atomization of fluids is inherently three dimensional. Hence, differences between 2D and 3D predictions are to be expected. In course of this study, predictions in 2D and based on a 3D sector are presented.Differences in terms of gaseous flow, ligament shape and mixing are assessed.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ILASS2017.2017.4693