bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of lock-free approach for shared memory organisation in real-time multi-threading applications
Authors: Syrotiuk Oleksandr 
Published: September 2024

The development vector of modern central processing units, which increasingly involves using a more significant number of cores and prioritizing parallelism over the high power of a single computational unit, presents new challenges for the existing software design. This work investigates and addresses the problem of access to shared memory in multithreaded environments, such as operating systems, interactive distributed computing systems, and high-performance simulation systems. Thus, the object of study is a non-blocking approach to organizing access to memory and performing basic operations with it through non-blocking synchronization.
The research methods include developing an approach to organizing access to shared memory using the double-word compare-and-swap algorithm, followed by a theoretical and practical comparison of the resulting outcome with the standard blocking access algorithm to shared memory for different configurations of the number of threads and the number of simultaneous memory access attempts. Additionally, testing was conducted within the framework of an unnamed closed-source project by integrating the solution into it, followed by A/B testing.
The results showed that using non-blocking approaches is advisable, especially in comparison with locking approaches, which demonstrated a performance degradation relative to the standard allocation algorithm by more than 300 %, while non-blocking approaches provided an improvement of 40–90 %. It was also found that using hybrid approaches to the organization of shared memory systems at the software level can lead to more stable results and mitigate application performance degradation compared to classical approaches such as buddy algorithms or free lists.
Despite the results obtained, the author remains cautious about the idea of memory management and pool organization at the software level and does not recommend using specialized allocation algorithms without an urgent need to speed up memory allocation itself. The purpose of these structures is still not to improve software performance directly but to enhance and speed up access to the data stored in them.
A Statutory Analysis of the Role of the Courts in Protecting Financial Consumers' Rights in the Zimbabwean Banking Sector: The Penelope Case in Context
Authors: Chitimira Howard , Torerai Elfas , Tsaura Oscar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Zimbabwean banking sector has experienced several tumultuous challenges since 2000. This is owing chiefly to the political and economic challenges the country has experienced. Poorly conceived and ill-timed policies have also wreaked havoc in the Zimbabwean banking sector. Financial consumers have sometimes lost their savings to hyper-inflation or overnight policy changes in Zimbabwe. The change in currencies is a good example of how financial consumers have seen their deposits and savings at banks and other related financial institutions eroded to nothing. In 2018, the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe (RBZ) issued a directive for all banks to convert all deposits made prior to October 2018 from the United States (US) dollar denomination to the Zimbabwean dollar (bond notes and coins). This was done on an exchange rate of one US dollar as to one Zimbabwean dollar, yet in reality, the local currency had been devalued. The RBZ directive left individuals and corporates reeling from exchange losses. The directive was akin to a heist and many people lost trust and confidence in the Zimbabwean banking sector. While many financial consumers suffered in silence, some decided to take their banks to court, demanding a reimbursement of their deposits in the currency in which they deposited or alternatively, the equivalent of the original deposit using the correct exchange rate. This article examines the role of the courts in upholding the rights of financial consumers in the Zimbabwean banking sector in the light of the Penelope case. It also discusses how the Zimbabwean courts could assist in preserving the sanctity of the bank-client relationship among banks and financial customers. In addition, the article explores the role of the courts in challenging unjust laws that affect financial consumers' investments in banks. The strengths and weaknesses of the Zimbabwean banking regulatory framework are further discussed to assess if it is robust enough to protect financial consumers. The article recommends that the courts should objectively set aside unjust laws in the interest of justice to enable banks and other financial institutions to honour their contractual obligations. Policymakers should not adopt poor policies that infringe upon financial consumers' rights.
Keywords: Banking sector; consumer protection; financial consumer; deposits; exchange rate; courts.
Prototype of Monitoring System for Lithium-Ion Battery Charging and Discharging on UPS Using Atmega 328p
Authors: Riswandi Dedi , Andriana Andriana , Budiawan Irvan 
Published: September 2024

An Uninterruptible Power Supplies (UPS), is required as a backup source of power in a railroad signalling power supply system. The battery is an essential part of a UPS. The battery functions to provide or supply electrical energy without having to be connected to electricity. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor battery conditions such as state of charge (SOC) to check battery capacity and depth of discharge (DOD) to calculate lost battery capacity. This research made a prototype of a battery monitoring system using IC ATMega328p as a microcontroller that will monitor the condition of the battery. Connecting the battery with the voltage divider circuit, the current sensor ACS712 as a current value reader at the time of charge and discharge. The results of the study showed that for the process of charging a new battery for 2 hours and 30 minutes using a 12 volt DC adapter with a current of 1.5 amperes, the current generated when the battery voltage reaches a maximum of 12,01 volts is 2,824 amperes and SOC 100%. Whereas the old battery filling took 1 hour and 30 minutes with a maximum battery voltage of 12,01 volts, 2,032 amperes, and a SOC of 100%. Whereas when the process is carried out using a battery discharge using a motor load of DC 10 volts, the time required for the discharging of the new battery is 14 hours and 30 minutes, with the current produced when the voltage of the battery reaches the minimum voltage of 8,98 volts, or 2,138 ampers, and DOD 0%.
Analyzing Loss Components in DC Generator for Wind Turbine Applications
Authors: Irawan Elysa Nensy , Shibuya Kai , Giang Nguyen Hong Minh , Sakti Rizky Hamdani 
Published: September 2024

Direct current (DC) generators have gained attention for their simplicity and reliability in wind turbine applications. However, DC generators are subject to energy losses, including ohmic, magnetic core, and mechanical losses, which impact system performance. This research investigates these losses in DC generators used in wind turbines through experimental testing. The methodology integrates laboratory experiments with simulations to quantify and understand loss mechanisms. Findings offer insights for optimizing wind turbine efficiency and reliability. Results show significant total power loss of 99%, emphasizing the need for meticulous loss assessments. Friction, copper, and iron loss coefficients are analyzed with the value of 0.217 and 0.709, respectively. However, with the rise in input voltage levels, a noticeable pattern becomes evident, where the significance of iron loss decreases relative to other influencing factors. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for enhancing wind turbine performance and advancing sustainable energy solutions.
Splenic rupture post colonoscopy requiring splenectomy
Authors: Nguyen Phi , Pretorius Frans 
Published: September 2024

Colonoscopy is a safe procedure performed routinely worldwide. Splenic rupture is a rare complication of colonoscopy with less than 100 case reports since 1974. We report a case of splenic rupture post colonoscopy requiring splenectomy, with a focus on the analysis of risk, investigation and treatment. A 60-year-old patient underwent a colonoscopy with polypectomy after a positive faecal occult blood test. After 19 hours, the patient experienced abdominal pain and dizziness. A computed tomography showed a splenic rupture and abdominopelvic hemoperitoneum. An urgent splenectomy was successfully performed. Physicians should have greater awareness of the possibility of splenic rupture following coloscopy to avoid delay in diagnosis and treatment for this life-threatening complication.
Resilience and mental state of lung recipients in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Jaworska Izabela , Pudlo Robert , Mierzyńska Anna , Stącel Tomasz , Urlik Maciej , Hrapkowicz Tomasz 
Published: September 2024

WstępTransplantacja płuc jest jedyną skuteczną metodą leczenia pacjentów z chorobami tego narządu w końcowym stadium. W trakcie leczenia pacjent może być narażony na działanie licznych stresorów, mających niekorzystny wpływ na jego stan psychiczny, a czynniki te mogą ulegać wzmocnieniu w sytuacji pandemii COVID-19. Celem pracy jest ocena prężności i stanu psychicznego pacjentów po przeszczepieniu płuc w kontekście pandemii COVID-19.Materiał i metodyBadaniu z zastosowaniem <i>Kwestionariusza ogólnego stanu zdrowia</i> (GHQ-28), <i>Szpitalnej skali lęku i depresji</i> (HADS), <i>Ateńskiej skali bezsenności</i> (AIS) oraz <i>Krótkiej skali prężności zaradczej</i> (BRCS) poddano, w trakcie drugiej fali pandemii COVID-19, 40 pacjentów w okresie odległym po transplantacji płuc, u których przed rozpoczęciem pandemii wykonano badanie kwestionariuszem GHQ-28. Badani w trakcie drugiej fali COVID-19 mieli zapewniony stały, zdalny kontakt z ośrodkiem transplantacyjnym.WynikiŚredni wiek pacjentów w grupie badanej wyniósł 51 ± 12 lat. Większość stanowili mężczyźni (57.5%). Stan psychiczny pacjentów w skali GHQ-28 nie uległ pogorszeniu w trakcie pandemii koronawirusa. 70% uczestników charakteryzowało się wysokim poziomem prężności zaradczej, a 12,5% (5 pacjentów) niskim. Zmienne psychologiczne nie były zależne od wieku. Zmienne te nie różniły się istotnie pod względem rodzaju wykonanej transplantacji, płci czy pozostawania w związku.WnioskiDruga fala COVID-19 nie wpłynęła negatywnie na stan psychiczny biorców płuc. Uwagi i pogłębienia badań wymaga wysoki odsetek zaburzeń snu u biorców płuc.
Pengaruh model Problem Based Learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis berdasarkan self esteem peserta didik
Authors: Sari Indah Wulan , Kesumawati Nila , Sari Eka Fitri Puspa 
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif berdasarkan self esteem peserta didik, untuk mengetahui perbedaan krmampuan berpikir kreatif berdasarkan self esteem, dan untuk mengetahui interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan self esteem terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik. Metode penelitian ini adalah quasi eksperimen. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh kelas X IPA SMA di OKU. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu cluster random sampling sehingga terpilih sampel penelitian yaitu peserta didik kelas X IPA 1 sebagai kelas eksperimen dan X IPA 2 sebagai kelas kontrol. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi tes dan angket. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji ANOVA dua jalur. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa: 1) terdapat pengaruh model problem based learning terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik; 2) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kreatif berdasarkan self esteem (tinggi, sedang, rendah) peserta didik; 3) tidak terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dan self esteem terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif peserta didik.
Knee Pain and Quality of Life among the Elderly
Authors: Melati Akilla Nathania , Nugraheni Nuniek , Djuari Lilik , Yulianti Erikavitri , Romadhon Pradana Zaky 
Published: September 2024

Background: The aging process can lead to knee pain in the elderly, which negatively impacts their quality of life by decreasing their physical functioning and potentially affecting their psychological well-being over time. This study aimed to determine the association between knee pain and the quality of life of the elderly.
Methods: This analytical study involved elderly patients aged 60 years and over who presented with complaints of knee pain at the Geriatric Outpatient Clinic of Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from September 2022 to March 2023. The participants were selected by consecutive sampling until a total of 50 samples were collected using the interview method. The independent variable was knee pain, while the dependent variable was quality of life. The instruments used were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) to measure knee pain and the Barthel Index for Activities of Daily Living (ADL) to assess the quality of life. The data were analyzed using Spearman's rho, with p<0.01 indicating a significant correlation.
Results: The majority of the elderly were female (54%) and fell within the age group of 66–70 years. The most prevalent complaint was mild knee pain (52%). A total of 50% of the elderly had an independent quality of life. A strong correlation was found between the degree of knee pain and quality of life in the elderly (p=0.000). The correlation coefficient indicated an inverse relationship between the degree of knee pain and quality of life in the elderly.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that the higher the pain degree suffered by the elderly, the lower their quality of life.

Highlights:

This study evaluated the factors that influence the quality of life of elderly individuals with knee pain, an issue that has been relatively overlooked in Indonesia.
The results of this study will hopefully assist scholars and stakeholders, enabling them to optimize the quality of life for elderly individuals experiencing knee discomfort.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Chronic Hepatitis B and Non-Islet Cell Tumor Hypoglycemia: A Case Report
Authors: Tjahjadi Angela Kimberly , Maimunah Ummi , Loho Imelda Maria 
Published: September 2024

Non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome manifestation associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This report details a case of a 20-year-old woman with HCC linked to untreated chronic hepatitis B. The patient presented with refractory hypoglycemia that was suspected to be NICTH. She also exhibited decreased consciousness with an initial blood glucose reading of 31 mg/dL. After the administration of intravenous dextrose solution, the patient's consciousness improved, yet intermittent hypoglycemic episodes persisted due to insufficient oral intake. The laboratory findings revealed low levels of insulin and C-peptide. The management of the patient included a continuous infusion of 5% dextrose solution, administration of corticosteroids, and adherence to a high-calorie complex carbohydrate diet. Despite presenting with significant right upper abdominal discomfort and weight loss, the patient was diagnosed with HCC at stage B, according to the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) Staging System. The stage was determined based on the presence of extensive multifocal lesions, which rendered surgical resection and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) non-viable. Consequently, palliative treatment using lenvatinib and antiviral therapy with tenofovir were initiated. NICTH involves an increased insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2) precursor processing by tumor cells, leading to heightened peripheral glucose utilization and persistent hypoglycemia. Although tumor resection is the most effective treatment for NICTH, it was not feasible in this case. This report emphasizes the importance of considering NICTH in the differential diagnosis of refractory hypoglycemia for non-diabetic patients. It also underscores the need for parenteral nutrition and corticosteroid therapy to maintain euglycemia.

Highlights:

This case report details a rare clinical presentation of non-islet cell tumor hypoglycemia (NICTH) associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and chronic hepatitis B in a young patient, adding to the limited documented cases of this paraneoplastic syndrome.
The report provides a thorough clinical description, extensive diagnostic workup, and comprehensive management strategies, offering valuable insights into the complexities and challenges in diagnosing and treating NICTH in HCC patients.
This case emphasizes the critical need for early detection and intervention in HCC, particularly in non-cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatitis B, and highlights the importance of considering paraneoplastic syndromes in the differential diagnosis of refractory hypoglycemia in non-diabetic patients.
Diagnosis and Management of Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Kahdina Mega , Nugroho Cahyo Wibisono 
Published: September 2024

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) may indicate the first manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It is estimated that the incidence of AIHA is around 10% in patients with SLE. The first-line therapy for AIHA is corticosteroids. Nevertheless, a second-line therapy may be considered if an adequate response is not obtained. Transfusion indication in AIHA patients do not differ from other types of anemia. These indications include the degree of hemolysis, the progression of anemia, and clinical symptoms. However, blood transfusion for AIHA patients is challenging due to the limited availability of serologically compatible blood. In addition, AIHA patients who receive transfusions have an increased risk of experiencing hemolytic transfusion reactions. In this paper, we aimed to present a case report on the diagnosis of AIHA in an SLE patient treated with second-line therapy and red blood cell transfusions. The patient was a 49-year-old woman who presented with the main complaint of swelling in both legs. According to the medical history, the patient experienced petechia, abdominal distension, body weakness, and weight gain. No reports of joint pain, diarrhea, constipation, fever, shortness of breath, or yellowish skin were made. Before being referred to Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital in Surabaya, Indonesia, the patient experienced high blood pressure and body swelling that were unresponsive to treatment. Once the diagnosis of AIHA was confirmed, the patient was set to receive second-line therapy and red blood cell transfusions. At the conclusion of the therapy, the patient exhibited favorable outcomes.

Highlights:

This paper presents the management of autoimmune hemolytic anemia in systemic lupus erythematosus, which has been understudied in Indonesia.
This paper provides additional evidence regarding the indications and outcomes of red blood cell transfusion in a case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia.
Comorbid Diseases and Outcomes of Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Admitted to an Indonesian Intensive Care Unit from May to October 2021
Authors: Siahaan Katrin Wilentina , Somia I Ketut Agus , Utama I Made Susila , Dian Ni Made Dewi , Gayatri Anak Agung Ayu Yuli , Purnamasidhi Cokorda Agung Wahyu , Merati Ketut Tuti Parwati 
Published: September 2024

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2). The spread of COVID-19 has become a worldwide health threat, with 583,038,110 cases and a death toll of 6,416,023. This study attempted to determine the relationship of age, sex, and comorbid diseases with the outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients at Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah Central General Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia.
Methods: This analytic study employed a retrospective approach, analyzing secondary data from medical records using a purposive sampling method. The research included univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the chi-square test, and multivariate analysis using a general linear model performed with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 23.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y., USA). A statistical analysis result with a p-value of less than 0.05 was deemed significant.
Results: A total of 264 critically ill COVID-19 patients were hospitalized in the Intensive Care Unit of Prof. Dr. IGNG Ngoerah Central General Hospital from May to October 2021. Comorbid diseases were present in 215 patients. The comorbid diseases that had the greatest impact on increasing mortality were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease (p=0.000–0.006, 95% CI).
Conclusion: Age and sex do not have any significant relationship with the outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients. Meanwhile, comorbid diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and renal and cardiovascular diseases, pose a significant impact on the mortality rate of critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Highlights:

This study investigated patients who were critically ill with COVID-19 to determine the relationship between age, sex, comorbidities, and patient outcomes.
The findings of this study may provide additional data on the impact of comorbidities on the severity of COVID-19, which can be valuable to prevent mortality due to the infection.
Feasibility of the Non-Window-Type 3D-Printed Porous Titanium Cage in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion
Authors: Ham Dae-Woong , Park Sang-Min , Kim Youngbae B. , Chang Dong-Gune , Yang Jae Jun , Kwon Byung-Taek , Song Kwang-Sup 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Three-dimensionally printed titanium (3D-Ti) cages can be divided into 2 types: window-type cages, which have a void for bone graft, and non-window-type cages without a void. Few studies have investigated the necessity of a void for bone graft in fusion surgery. Therefore, the present study assessed the clinical and radiographic outcomes of window and non-window-type 3D-Ti cages in single-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion.

Methods:
A total of 70 patients were randomly assigned to receive either a window or non-window cage; 61 patients (87%) completed final follow-up (32 from the window cage group, 29 from the non-window cage group). Radiographic outcomes, including fusion rates, subsidence, and intra-cage osseointegration patterns, were assessed. Intra-cage osseointegration was measured using the intra-cage bridging bone score for the window cage group and the surface osseointegration ratio score for the non-window cage group. Additionally, we looked for the presence of the trabecular bone remodeling (TBR) sign on computed tomography (CT) images.

Results:
Of the 61 patients, 58 achieved interbody fusion, resulting in a 95.1% fusion rate. The fusion rate in the non-window cage group was comparable to, and not significantly different from, that in the window cage group (96.6% and 93.8%, p > 0.99). The subsidence rate showed no significant difference between the window and non-window cage groups (15.6% and 3.4%, respectively; p = 0.262). The intra-cage osseointegration scores showed a significant difference between the groups (p = 0.007), with the non-window cage group having a higher proportion of cases with a score of 4 compared with the window cage group. The TBR sign was observed in 87.9% of patients who achieved interbody fusion, with a higher rate in the non-window cage group across the entire cohort although the difference was not significant (89.7% versus 78.1%, p = 0.385).

Conclusions:
Non-window-type 3D-Ti cages showed equivalent clinical outcomes compared with window-type cages and comparable interbody fusion rates. These results suggest that the potential advantages of 3D-Ti cages could be optimized in the absence of a void for bone graft by providing a larger contact surface for osseointegration.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.