bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Bacterial Acid–Base Metabolism in Caries Screening: A Proof-Of-Concept Study
Authors: Morou-Bermudez E. , Loza-Herrero M.A. , Garcia-Rivas V. , Suarez-Perez E. , Billings R.J. 
Published: October 2016

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to clinically validate an array of biochemical tests as caries screening tools for oral acid–alkali generation. Adult subjects ( n = 185; mean 33.6 ± 10.6 y) were examined clinically for dental caries using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) criteria. Bitewing radiographs were used to confirm the interproximal surfaces of posterior teeth. For the purposes of this study, subjects were classified as “caries-active” if they had at least one untreated caries lesion with ICDAS 4 or higher. Pooled supragingival plaque and unstimulated saliva samples were collected and assayed for pH changes from sucrose and urea metabolism using colorimetric tests. The validity of each test to discriminate between “caries-inactive” and “caries-active” subjects was assessed and compared with a commercial bacteriological caries-screening test using roc regression and logistic regression models. The areas under the curve (AUCs) (95% CI) of the plaque-urea (PU, 0.59 (0.51 to 0.67)), plaque-urea-glucose (PUG: 0.59 (0.51 to 0.67)) and saliva-urea-glucose (SUG, 0.59 (0.51 to 0.67)) tests did not differ significantly from the bacteriological tests (CRT-mutans, 0.62 (0.54, 0.70); CRT-lactobacillus, 0.63 (0.56 to 0.71) ( P > 0.05), but the plaque-glucose (PG), saliva-glucose (SG), saliva-urea (SU) and saliva-plaque-glucose (SPG) tests had significantly smaller AUCs ( P < 0.05). The AUCs for PU, PUG, SUG, and the CRT-mutans tests were larger in subjects who had no existing dental restorations (PU, 0.90 (0.77 to 1.04); PUG, 0.90 (0.79 to 1.01); SUG, 0.89 (0.69 to 1.08); CRT-mutans, 0.90 (0.73 to 1.08)). The incorporation of the biochemical tests into a multidimensional bacteriological/psychosocial caries screening model significantly increased the diagnostic value (sensitivity and specificity, 160.6; AUC, 0.846). In conclusion, as a proof-of-concept, the results of this study indicate that measuring urea metabolism together with sugar metabolism by dental plaque and saliva may have a promising role in caries screening either independently or as part of a multidimensional biological test. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this study indicate that assessment of the oral acid/base balance may have a promising role in caries screening either independently, or as part of a multidimensional test.
Sharing housework between husbands and wives: how to improve marital satisfaction for working wives in Japan
Authors: Kobayashi Mayu , Kobayashi Miki , Okumura Tsunao , Usui Emiko 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper examines whether and how the marital satisfaction of Japanese couples is related to the housework the spouse performs. For single-earner couples, both husbands and wives are more satisfied with the other spouse ifthe wifeperforms the greater share of the housework on weekdays. In dual-earner couples, both husbands and wives experience higher spousal satisfaction when theotherspouse performs more housework on weekdays. Japanese dual-earner couples are unable to spend more time on housework, because wives are already performing a significant share of housework on weekdays while husbands are working long hours.JEL Classification:J12, J22
Naturalisation and on-the-job training: evidence from first-generation immigrants in Germany
Authors: von Haaren-Giebel Friederike , Sandner Malte 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper empirically analyses the effect of naturalisation on on-the-job training (OJT) participation among first-generation immigrants in Germany. OJT is associated with improved labour market outcomes and provides therefore an indicator for labour market integration. Naturalisation is assumed to act as a signal of the employee’s commitment to the host country and may thus increase employers’ likelihood of offering OJT. Testing the theoretical link with multivariate estimations (based on the German Socio-Economic Panel) shows a positive and significant correlation. To reduce selection bias on observables, propensity score matching is applied, yielding a significant average treatment effect.JEL Classification:J15, J24, M53
Prediagnosis Body Mass Index and Risk of Secondary Primary Cancer in Male Cancer Survivors: A Large Cohort Study
Authors: Park Sang Min , Yun Young Ho , Kim Young Ae , Jo Minkyung , Won Young-Joo , Back Joung Hwan , Lee Eun-Sook 
Published: October 2016

PurposeMale cancer survivors have a higher risk of cancer than the general population, which might be caused by an increased prevalence of obesity or susceptibility to obesity-related carcinogenesis. We assessed the effects of obesity before the diagnosis of a first cancer on the development of secondary primary cancers (SPCs).MethodsThe study population consisted of 239,615 Korean male cancer survivors between January 2003 and December 2010. Incident SPCs were assessed throughout follow-up until December 2011. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the hazard ratios of SPCs associated with prediagnosis body mass index (BMI), which were compared with those of first cancers in all cohort participants.ResultsAfter 1,614,583 person-years of follow-up, we observed 4,799 patients with SPC. The age-standardized incidence rate of cancer in cancer survivors was 1.1 times higher than that of the general population. We found positive linear trends between prediagnosis BMI and risk of all-combined, colorectal, liver, lymphoma, biliary tract, kidney, and obesity-related SPCs. The magnitude of the BMI-SPC risk association in male cancer survivors was stronger than that for first cancers in the general population, whereas the mean BMI was similar in both groups. In the severely obese category (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2), the adjusted hazard ratios for SPCs among cancer survivors (1.41; 95% CI, 1.15 to 1.74) were significantly higher than those for first cancers among all cohort participants (1.12; 95% CI, 1.09 to 1.16; Pheterogeneity< .01).ConclusionPrediagnosis obesity is a risk factor for overall and individual SPCs, and the strength of the BMI-cancer association is slightly stronger in male cancer survivors than in the general population.
Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression and Response to the Anti–Programmed Death 1 Antibody Pembrolizumab in Melanoma
Authors: Daud Adil I. , Wolchok Jedd D. , Robert Caroline , Hwu Wen-Jen , Weber Jeffrey S. , Ribas Antoni , Hodi F. Stephen , Joshua Anthony M. , Kefford Richard , Hersey Peter , Joseph Richard , Gangadhar Tara C. , Dronca Roxana , Patnaik Amita , Zarour Hassane , Roach Charlotte , Toland Grant , Lunceford Jared K. , Li Xiaoyun Nicole , Emancipator Kenneth , Dolled-Filhart Marisa , Kang S. Peter , Ebbinghaus Scot , Hamid Omid 
Published: October 2016

Purpose Expression of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a potential predictive marker for response and outcome after treatment with anti–programmed death 1 (PD-1). This study explored the relationship between anti–PD-1 activity and PD-L1 expression in patients with advanced melanoma who were treated with pembrolizumab in the phase Ib KEYNOTE-001 study (clinical trial information: NCT01295827). Patients and Methods Six hundred fifty-five patients received pembrolizumab10 mg/kg once every 2 weeks or once every 3 weeks, or 2 mg/kg once every 3 weeks. Tumor response was assessed every 12 weeks per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1 by independent central review. Primary outcome was objective response rate. Secondary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Membranous PD-L1 expression in tumor and tumor-associated immune cells was assessed by a clinical trial immunohistochemistry assay (22C3 antibody) and scored on a unique melanoma (MEL) scale of 0 to 5 by one of three pathologists who were blinded to clinical outcome; a score ≥ 2 (membranous staining in ≥ 1% of cells) was considered positive. Results Of 451 patients with evaluable PD-L1 expression, 344 (76%) had PD-L1–positive tumors. Demographic and staging variables were equally distributed among PD-L1–positive and –negative patients. An association between higher MEL score and higher response rate and longer PFS (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.71 to 0.82) and OS (hazard ratio, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.69 to 0.83) was observed ( P < .001 for each). Objective response rate was 8%, 12%, 22%, 43%, 57%, and 53% for MEL 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. Conclusion PD-L1 expression in pretreatment tumor biopsy samples was correlated with response rate, PFS, and OS; however, patients with PD-L1–negative tumors may also achieve durable responses.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Early Endocrine Disorders in Childhood Brain Tumor Survivors: A Nationwide, Multicenter Study
Authors: Clement Sarah C. , Schouten-van Meeteren Antoinette Y.N. , Boot Annemieke M. , Claahsen-van der Grinten Hedy L. , Granzen Bernd , Sen Han K. , Janssens Geert O. , Michiels Erna M. , van Trotsenburg A.S. Paul , Vandertop W. Peter , van Vuurden Dannis G. , Kremer Leontien C.M. , Caron Hubert N. , van Santen Hanneke M. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose To evaluate the prevalence of, and risk factors for, early endocrine disorders in childhood brain tumor survivors (CBTS). Patients and Methods This nationwide study cohort consisted of 718 CBTS who were diagnosed between 2002 and 2012, and who survived ≥ 2 years after diagnosis. Patients with craniopharyngeoma or a pituitary gland tumor were excluded. Results of all endocrine investigations, which were performed at diagnosis and during follow-up, were collected from patient charts. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study associations between demographic and tumor- and treatment-related variables and the prevalence of early endocrine disorders. Results After a median follow-up of 6.6 years, 178 CBTS (24.8%) were diagnosed with an endocrine disorder. A total of 159 CBTS (22.1%) presented with at least one endocrine disorder within the first 5 years after diagnosis. The most common endocrine disorders were growth hormone deficiency (12.5%), precocious puberty (12.2%), thyroid-stimulating hormone deficiency (9.2%), and thyroidal hypothyroidism (5.8%). The risk of hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (n = 138) was associated with radiotherapy (odds ratio [OR], 15.74; 95% CI, 8.72 to 28.42), younger age at diagnosis (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.14), advanced follow-up time (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.18), hydrocephalus at diagnosis (OR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.88), and suprasellar (OR, 34.18; 95% CI, 14.74 to 79.29) and infratentorial (OR, 2.65; 95% CI, 1.48 to 4.74) tumor site. Conclusion The prevalence of early endocrine disorders among CBTS is high. The observation that 22.1% of CBTS developed at least one endocrine disorder within the first 5 years after diagnosis stresses the importance of early and regular assessment of endocrine function in CBTS who are at risk for endocrine damage.
Multidisciplinary Optimization of Oral Chemotherapy Delivery at the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center
Authors: Mulkerin Daniel L. , Bergsbaken Jason J. , Fischer Jessica A. , Mulkerin Mary J. , Bohler Aaron M. , Mably Mary S. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose: Use of oral chemotherapy is expanding and offers advantages while posing unique safety challenges. ASCO and the Oncology Nursing Society jointly published safety standards for administering chemotherapy that offer a framework for improving oral chemotherapy practice at the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center. Methods: With the goal of improving safety, quality, and uniformity within our oral chemotherapy practice, we conducted a gap analysis comparing our practice against ASCO/Oncology Nursing Society guidelines. Areas for improvement were addressed by multidisciplinary workgroups that focused on education, workflows, and information technology. Recommendations and process changes included defining chemotherapy, standardizing patient and caregiver education, mandating the use of comprehensive electronic order sets, and standardizing documentation for dose modification. Revised processes allow pharmacists to review all orders for oral chemotherapy, and they support monitoring adherence and toxicity by using a library of scripted materials. Results: Between August 2015 and January 2016, revised processes were implemented across the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center clinics. The following are key performance indicators: 92.5% of oral chemotherapy orders (n = 1,216) were initiated within comprehensive electronic order sets (N = 1,315), 89.2% compliance with informed consent was achieved, 14.7% of orders (n = 193) required an average of 4.4 minutes review time by the pharmacist, and 100% compliance with first-cycle monitoring of adherence and toxicity was achieved. Conclusion: We closed significant gaps between institutional practice and published standards for our oral chemotherapy practice and experienced steady improvement and sustainable performance in key metrics. We created an electronic definition of oral chemotherapies that allowed us to leverage our electronic health records. We believe our tools are broadly applicable.
Discourse. Dialectical Approach to the Definition of Concept
Authors: Садикова  , Sadikova Valentina 
Published: October 2016

The article advocates the need of dialectical approach to the definition of
concept discourse in the communicative paradigm. As a methodological
framework for such approach is proposed a determinate system of structural-
semantic models of creation of communicative meaning based on categories,
predicates and Aristotle’s topic-dialectic. Dialectic approach allows
you to learn the language in a dynamic aspect, i.e. in the natural process
of communication, as well as to organize the formed in research practice
terminology definitions.
Human-Leopard Conflict in Girimukti Village, Sukabumi, Indonesia
Authors: PARTASASMITA RUHYAT , SHANIDA SYA SYA , ISKANDAR JOHAN , MEGANTARA ERRI NOVIAR , HUSODO TEGUH , PARIKESIT PARIKESIT , MALONE NICHOLAS 
Published: October 2016

Partasasmita R, Shanida SS, Iskandar J, Megantara EN, Husodo T, Malone N. 2016. Human-Leopard Conflict in Girimukti Village, Sukabumi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 17: 783-790. Populations of leopards continue to decrease over time. This decline is caused by many factors, such as decreasing animal prey and habitat loss. Due to a lack of animal prey, leopards frequently enter villages to find food, including livestock. Therefore, some conflicts between human-leopard have frequently occurred, and in many cases the leopard has been hunted by the villager. Consequently, the abundance of leopard in some areas of West Java have decreased. The aim of this research is to investigate: (i) local knowledge of the Girimukti Village on morphological variation of leopard; (ii) conflict between leopard and the people of Girimukti Village based on local knowledge; (iii) local knowledge on the hunting of leopard; and (iv) utilization of leopard resulting from human-leopard conflict in Girimukti Village, Sukabumi, West Java, Indonesia. Mixed methods andfield observation were applied in this study. The result of this study shows that the village people of Girimukti recognize variations of leopard and their behavior; conflict between humans and leopard has increased; hunting leopard is been undertaken by both traps and shotgun; and leopard are used for various purposes, such as trading skin and other body parts, food, traditional medicines, and as amulets. Based on this study, it can be inferred that many drivers of environmental changes that impact faunal and floral communities are social in origin and strongly related with peoplesâ€™ activities. As a result, in addition to biological properties, the social, economic and political systems must be considered and integrated into the conservation program of Javan leopards.
Keywords: Girimukti Village, human-leopard conflict, leopard
Natriuretic Peptides and Analytical Barriers
Authors: Vasile Vlad C , Jaffe Allan S 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The natriuretic peptide system is an endocrine, autocrine and paracrine system that plays an important role in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis. Biomarkers based on these peptides are important diagnostic and prognostic tools for myocardial function.

CONTENT
Although natriuretic peptides were discovered more than 2 decades ago, their intricate and complex biology is associated with important questions not yet elucidated. The diversity of circulating forms of natriuretic peptides, the distinct expression of these forms in particular patients, and the heterogeneity of heart failure forms, along with specific assay-related and preanalytic issues, cause assays to be poorly harmonized.

SUMMARY
This review presents the relevant issues related to the biology of natriuretic peptides and differences between assays with immediate implications for clinical practice.
Three nontrivial solutions for nonlinear fractional Laplacian equations
Authors: Düzgün Fatma Gamze , Iannizzotto Antonio 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We study a Dirichlet-type boundary value problem for a pseudodifferential equation driven by the fractional Laplacian, proving the existence of three non-zero solutions. When the reaction term is sublinear at infinity, we apply the second deformation theorem and spectral theory. When the reaction term is superlinear at infinity, we apply the mountain pass theorem and Morse theory.
Preferences of people with disabilities on wheelchairs in relation to forest trails for recreational in selected European countries
Authors: Janeczko Emilia , Jakubisová Mariana , Woźnicka Małgorzata , Fialova Jitka , Kotásková Pavla 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The article presents the results of the survey on the preferences of disabled people in wheelchairs for selected features recreational trails in the woods. The study was conducted in 2015, including a sample of 130 people older than 18 years, in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia (52 interviews in Poland, 21 in the Czech Republic and 57 in Slovakia). Respondents were interviewed both at the premises of the organisation as well as by email. The questions in the survey were designed to determine the preferences of the respondents in terms of recreational trails in the forests concerned: the optimal length of the route, recreational and educational points along the distribution routes of and usability of different types of forest roads. The results show that there is quite a lot of differences between the preferences of respondents from each of the analysed countries. Respondents from the Poland and Slovakia prefer shorter routes for recreation in forests, with a greater incidence of recreational and educational points along the route, whilst respondents in the Czech Republic prefer far longer routes, with a relatively larger distance between recreational points. In all the analysed countries, people with disabilities attributed highest usefulness to asphalt surfaces, concrete surfaces or surfaces made of cobblestones. The surface evaluated lowest for usability was made of wood.
European oak decline phenomenon in relation to climatic changes
Authors: Keča Nenad , Koufakis Ioannis , Dietershagen Jana , Nowakowska Justyna A. , Oszako Tomasz 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe complex phenomenon of decline in European oak is currently triggered by changing climatic conditions and their consequences like heavy rains, local floods and pest development. Especially, pathogens fromPhytophthoragenus profit from soil saturation with water. They are alien invasive species, which attack and severely damage fine roots. In drought conditions occurring in the subsequent year, many oaks die as they encounter problem with water uptake. Additionally, insect defoliators followed by oak mildew infections accelerate the level of tree mortality. Secondary insects, butt and root pathogens are usually the final cause of death of many oaks. More research is needed in the direction to determine (i) measurable factors (e.g. chlorophyll florescence) that can indicate that the process of tree decline has already started, (ii) the correlation between the root decay and the crown symptoms (scanners, software), (iii) which combination of stressors stimulate the best development of pathogens that lead to the high plant mortality and (iv) the difference between the mortality caused by the native and the invasivePhytophthoraspecies.
Takahasi semigroups
Authors: Branco Mário J. J. , Gomes Gracinda M. S. , Silva Pedro V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTakahasi’s Theorem on chains of subgroups of bounded rank in a free group is generalized to several classes of semigroups. As an application, it is proved that the subsemigroups of periodic points are finitely generated and periodic orbits are bounded for arbitrary endomorphisms for various semigroups. Some of these results feature classes such as completely simple semigroups, Clifford semigroups or monoids defined by balanced one-relator presentations.
A parallel evolutionary approach to solving systems of equations in polycyclic groups
Authors: Craven Matthew J. , Robertz Daniel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Anshel–Anshel–Goldfeld (AAG) key exchange protocol is based upon the multiple conjugacy problem for a finitely-presented group. The hardness in breaking this protocol relies on the supposed difficulty in solving the corresponding equations for the conjugating element in the group. Two such protocols based on polycyclic groups as a platform were recently proposed and were shown to be resistant to length-based attack. In this article we propose a parallel evolutionary approach which runs on multicore high-performance architectures. The approach is shown to be more efficient than previous attempts to break these protocols, and also more successful. Comprehensive data of experiments run with a GAP implementation are provided and compared to the results of earlier length-based attacks. These demonstrate that the proposed platform is not as secure as first thought and also show that existing measures of cryptographic complexity are not optimal. A more accurate alternative measure is suggested. Finally, a linear algebra attack for one of the protocols is introduced.
Mixed type boundary value problems for polymetaharmonic equations
Authors: Chkadua George 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the paper we consider three-dimensional Riquier-type and classical mixed boundary value problems for the polymetaharmonic equation

(

Δ
+

k
1
2

)

⁢

(

Δ
+

k
2
2

)

⁢
u

=
0

${(\Delta+k^{2}_{1})(\Delta+k^{2}_{2})u=0}$

. We investigate these problems by means of the potential method and the theory of pseudodifferential equations. We prove the existence and uniqueness theorems in Sobolev–Slobodetskii spaces, analyse the asymptotic properties of solutions and establish the best Hölder smoothness results for solutions.