bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Recipients With Percutaneous Ureteral Interventions: A Single-Center Study
Authors: Srinivasan Dushyanth , Stoffel John T. , James Chrystina , Bradley Kori , Sung Randall S. 
Published: December 2016

Background
Long-term outcomes of kidney transplantation recipients with percutaneous ureteral management of transplant ureteral complications are not well characterized.

Methods
Electronic records of 1753 recipients of kidney-alone transplant between January 2000 and December 2008 were reviewed. One hundred thirty-one patients were identified to have undergone percutaneous ureteral management, with placement of percutaneous nephrostomy tube or additional intervention (nephroureteral stenting and/or balloon dilation). Indications for intervention included transplant ureteral stricture or ureteral leak. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariable regression modeling were performed to determine survival outcomes.

Results
Kaplan- Meier graft survival (P = 0.04) was lower in patients with percutaneous ureteral intervention for transplant ureteral complication. Graft survival at 1, 5, and 10 years was 94.3% 78.3%, and 59.1% for no intervention and 97.2%, 72.1%, and 36.2% for intervention cohort. Patient survival (P = 0.69) was similar between cohorts. Multivariate analysis demonstrated no association with graft failure (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-2.19; P = 0.53) or patient death (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% confidence interval, 0.22-1.41; P = 0.22) in intervention group. The major cause of graft failure was infection for percutaneous ureteral intervention group (20.4%) and chronic rejection for those without intervention (17.3%).

Conclusions
Kidney transplant recipients with percutaneous ureteral interventions for ureteral complications do not have a significant difference in graft and patient survival outcomes. Therefore, aggressive nonoperative management can be confidently pursued in the appropriate clinical setting.
Endocranial volume is heritable and is associated with longevity and fitness in a wild mammal
Authors: Logan C. J. , Kruuk L. E. B. , Stanley R. , Thompson A. M. , Clutton-Brock T. H. 
Published: December 2016

Research on relative brain size in mammals suggests that increases in brain size may generate benefits to survival and costs to fecundity: comparative studies of mammals have shown that interspecific differences in relative brain size are positively correlated with longevity and negatively with fecundity. However, as yet, no studies of mammals have investigated whether similar relationships exist within species, nor whether individual differences in brain size within a wild population are heritable. Here we show that, in a wild population of red deer (
Cervus elaphus
), relative endocranial volume was heritable (
h
2
= 63%; 95% credible intervals (CI) = 50–76%). In females, it was positively correlated with longevity and lifetime reproductive success, though there was no evidence that it was associated with fecundity. In males, endocranial volume was not related to longevity, lifetime breeding success or fecundity.
The effect of a longitudinal density gradient on electron plasma wake field acceleration
Authors: Tsiklauri David 
Published: December 2016

Three-dimensional, particle-in-cell, fully electromagnetic simulations of electron plasma wake field acceleration in the blow-out regime are presented. Earlier results are extended by (i) studying the effect of a longitudinal density gradient, (ii) avoiding the use of a co-moving simulation box, (iii) inclusion of ion motion, and (iv) studying fully electromagnetic plasma wake fields. It is established that injecting driving and trailing electron bunches into a positive density gradient of 10-fold increasing density over 10 cm long lithium vapour plasma results in spatially more compact and three times larger, compared with the uniform density case, electric fields (−6.4×10
10
V m
−1
), leading to acceleration of the trailing bunch up to 24.4 GeV (starting from an initial 20.4 GeV), with energy transfer efficiencies from the leading to trailing bunch of 75%. In the uniform density case, a −2.5×10
10
V m
−1
wake is created leading to acceleration of the trailing bunch up to 22.4 GeV, with energy transfer efficiencies of 65%. It is also established that injecting the electron bunches into a negative density gradient of 10-fold decreasing density over 10 cm long plasma results in spatially more spread and two and a half smaller electric fields (−1.0×10
10
V m
−1
), leading to a weaker acceleration of the trailing bunch up to 21.4 GeV, with energy transfer efficiencies of 45%. Taking ion motions into consideration shows that in the plasma wake ion number density can increase over a few times the background value. It is also shown that transverse electromagnetic fields in a plasma wake are of the same order as the longitudinal (electrostatic) ones.
Accumulation of deleterious mutations during bacterial range expansions
Authors: Bosshard Lars , Dupanloup Isabelle , Tenaillon Olivier , Bruggmann Rémy , Ackermann Martin , Peischl Stephan , Excoffier Laurent 
Published: December 2016

AbstractRecent theory predicts that the fitness of pioneer populations can decline when species expand their range, due to high rates of genetic drift on wave fronts making selection less efficient at purging deleterious variants. To test these predictions, we studied the fate of mutator bacteria expanding their range for 1650 generations on agar plates. In agreement with theory, we find that growth abilities of strains with a high mutation rate (HMR lines) decreased significantly over time, unlike strains with a lower mutation rate (LMR lines) that present 3-4 times fewer mutations. Estimation of the distribution of fitness effect (DFE) under a spatially explicit model reveals a mean negative effect for new mutations (-0.38%), but it suggests that both advantageous and deleterious mutations have accumulated during the experiment. Furthermore, we show that the fitness of HMR lines measured in different environments has decreased relative to the ancestor strain, whereas that of LMR lines remained unchanged. Our results thus suggest that successful expanding species are affected by deleterious mutations that accumulate during the expansion process, leading to a drastic impairment of their evolutionary potential.
Genome-wide rules of nucleosome phasing
Authors: Baldi Sandro , Jain Dhawal S. , Harpprecht Lisa , Zabel Angelika , Scheibe Marion , Butter Falk , Straub Tobias , Becker Peter B. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryRegular successions of positioned nucleosomes – phased nucleosome arrays (PNAs) – are predominantly known from transcriptional start sites (TSS). It is unclear whether PNAs occur elsewhere in the genome. To generate a comprehensive inventory of PNAs forDrosophila, we applied spectral analysis to nucleosome maps and identified thousands of PNAs throughout the genome. About half of them are not near TSS and strongly enriched for a novel sequence motif. Through genome-wide reconstitution of physiological chromatin inDrosophilaembryo extracts we uncovered the molecular basis of PNA formation. We identified Phaser, an unstudied zinc finger protein that positions nucleosomes flanking the new motif. It also revealed how the global activity of the chromatin remodeler CHRAC/ACF, together with local barrier elements, generates islands of regular phasing throughout the genome. Our work demonstrates the potential of chromatin assembly by embryo extracts as a powerful tool to reconstitute chromatin features on a global scalein vitro.
Architecture and dynamics of the jasmonic acid gene regulatory network
Authors: Hickman Richard J. , Van Verk Marcel C. , Van Dijken Anja J.H. , Pereira Mendes Marciel , Vos Irene A. , Caarls Lotte , Steenbergen Merel , Van Der Nagel Ivo , Wesselink Gert Jan , Jironkin Aleksey , Talbot Adam , Rhodes Johanna , de Vries Michel , Schuurink Robert C. , Denby Katherine , Pieterse Corné M.J. , Van Wees Saskia C.M. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) is a critical regulator of plant growth and defense. To significantly advance our understanding of the architecture and dynamics of the JA gene regulatory network, we performed high-resolution RNA-Seq time series analyses of methyl JA-treatedArabidopsis thaliana. Computational analysis unraveled in detail the chronology of events that occur during the early and later phases of the JA response. Several transcription factors, including ERF16 and bHLH27, were uncovered as early components of the JA gene regulatory network with a role in pathogen and insect resistance. Moreover, analysis of subnetworks surrounding the JA-induced transcription factors ORA47, RAP2.6L, and ANAC055 provided novel insights into their regulatory role of defined JA network modules. Collectively, our work illuminates the complexity of the JA gene regulatory network, pinpoints to novel regulators, and provides a valuable resource for future studies on the function of JA signaling components in plant defense and development.
Qualité des institutions, structure de propriété et efficacité des banques dans la CEMAC
Authors: Djiogap Constant Fouopi , Song Jacques Simon 
Published: December 2016

RésuméL’objectif de cet article est d’analyser l’efficacité des banques de la Communauté Economique et Monétaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC). En particulier, il s’agit d’examiner l’influence de la qualité des institutions et la structure de propriété sur l’efficacité des banques de la CEMAC pour la période 2000 à 2010. Nous utilisons un modèle paramétrique Stochastic Frontier Analysis pour déterminer l’efficacité allocative et un modèle Tobit censuré pour identifier les facteurs d’efficacité des banques. Les résultats indiquent que le niveau moyen d’efficacité allocative des banques sur la période est de 0,70. Par ailleurs, les variables institutionnelles et la structure actionnariale privée (nationale et étrangère) influencent positivement l’efficacité des banques au cours de la période, ce qui à contrario n'est le cas pour la structure actionnariale publique. Ainsi, une amélioration de l’environnement institutionnel et la poursuite du programme de privatisation des banques dans la zone CEMAC accroîtront l’efficacité des banques.
Platelet activating factor: A potential biomarker in acute coronary syndrome?
Authors: Palur Ramakrishnan Anand Vijaya Kumar , Varghese Treesa P. , Vanapalli Sreedevi , Nair Narayanan K. , Mingate Menge Denis 
Published: December 2016

SummaryPlatelet activating factor (PAF) is a potent pro‐inflammatory negotiator that shows distinct spectrum of biological and pharmacological effects. Importantly, it participates in a wide range of pathophysiological conditions. In cardiovascular system, PAF has been shown to have an important role in platelet and neutrophil aggregation, vascular permeability, microvascular leakage, thrombus formation, leukocyte adhesion to the endothelial cells, and initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The purpose of this article was to review the PAF, a family of lipids that is associated with the pathology of coronary artery diseases due to their association with leading etiological mechanisms such as inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, oxidative and nitrosative stress, and platelet reactivity. This review further provides information about PAF and its potential role as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders.
Identifying opportunities to increase organ donation after brain death. An observational study in Sweden 2009–2014
Authors: Nolin T. , Mårdh C. , Karlström G. , Walther S. M. 
Published: December 2016

BackgroundThere is a wide gap between the number of organ donors and patients on waiting lists for transplantation. The purpose of this Swedish nationwide study of the critical pathway for organ donation after brain death (DBD) was to identify missed opportunities for organ donation.MethodsWe performed a prospective, observational study of all ICU deaths in Sweden from Jan 1, 2009 to Dec 31, 2014. The protocol structure followed the critical pathway for organ donation, which was developed and tested during 2008. We analysed differences in donation incidences between healthcare providers (counties) and patient characteristics using descriptive statistics and logistic regression.ResultsThe number of DBD per million population (pmp) was 14.9, varying almost 10‐fold from 4.3 to 40.6 DBD pmp between counties. Regional variation in DBD decreased when we assigned the donor to the place of residence (from 6.9 to 27.7 DBD pmp). Women were more likely to become donors compared to men [crude odds ratio (OR) 1.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.38–1.85, P < 0.001]. The increased likelihood remained after adjusting for age, comorbidity, and main diagnostic categories (OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.25–1.77, P < 0.001). An end‐of‐life decision was found in 50.9% of possible organ donors.ConclusionsRegional differences in DBD were considerable, and women were more likely to become donors than men. There is a need for increased awareness of the potential for organ donation as an integral part of end‐of‐life clinical care. In‐depth analysis of these differences may reveal opportunities for action that could lead to increased DBD.
Practical guidance on the use of olaparib capsules as maintenance therapy for women with BRCA mutations and platinum‐sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer
Authors: Friedlander Michael , Banerjee Susana , Mileshkin Linda , Scott Clare , Shannon Catherine , Goh Jeffrey 
Published: December 2016

AbstractOlaparib is the first oral poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase inhibitor to be approved as maintenance monotherapy for treatment of patients with platinum‐sensitive relapsed BRCA‐mutated (BRCAm) serous ovarian cancer. This review provides practical guidance on the use of olaparib (capsule formulation) in the maintenance setting. The article focuses on the key toxicities that can arise with olaparib therapy and recommendations for their management. Nausea, vomiting, fatigue and anemia are the most commonly reported adverse events in olaparib clinical trials and are generally mild to moderate and transient in nature in most patients. Implementation of an effective and timely management plan can control many of the side effects. It is vital that health care providers effectively communicate the potential side effects of olaparib, as well as educate patients on management strategies to combat these symptoms. To this end, realistic expectations regarding the potential side effects need to be set, with an understanding that dose interruptions and modifications may be required to allow patients to continue receiving treatment.
“When Said with a Sneer”: Translating Language, Race, and Culture Through an English Football Race Controversy
Authors: RENFREW DANIEL , SNYDER GENESIS M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article examines the origins and aftermath of a 2011 English football race controversy, where an English Football Association tribunal found Uruguayan Luis Suárez guilty of using racially abusive language against Patrice Evra, a Frenchman of Senegalese descent. It approaches the Suárez‐Evra controversy as a flashpoint of broader transformations in England, France, and Uruguay associated with sports, race, and nationalism, highlighting the problematic nature of cultural and linguistic translation under shifting racial, ethnic, and cultural dynamics. The controversy also provided an opportunity for Afro‐Uruguayans to collectively denounce and redress longstanding forms of racism in that country. [Soccer (football); Race; Globalization; England; France; Uruguay]
Race, Media, and Postcoloniality: Ukraine Between Nationalism and Cosmopolitanism
Authors: BILANIUK LAADA 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn response to Orientalist discourses that portray Ukraine as a backward country mired in narrow‐minded nationalism, anti‐Semitism, and xenophobia, a trend in the Ukrainian media constructs Ukrainians as global subjects by asserting ethnic and racial diversity as part of Ukrainian identity, staking a claim to cosmopolitanism and equality with what are perceived as “advanced” nations. The visibility of people of color in Ukrainian media and public performances is multivalent. It can be understood as a postcolonial effort to construct Ukraine as a modern and enlightened country, deserving of support and membership in Europe. It can also be seen as a commodification of blackness, and part of an effort to market Ukrainianness as a desirable brand. While blackness works as a symbol of modernity, racial discrimination and discourses equating Africanness with backwardness are also present. I analyze these conflicting discourses, in particular relating to events that brought race in Ukraine to the forefront of media attention, including the 2012 Eurovision competition, the 2012 European soccer championships, and the 2013‐2014 Euromaidan protests. I also examine the discursive processes through which the links between race and Ukrainianness are constructed and contested on the televised singing competition Holos Kraïny, Ukraine's analogue of The Voice. I argue that blackness and Ukrainianness mutually constitute each other in these cultural products, as people navigate the conflicting terrains of xenophobia and desires for cosmopolitan modernity. [Race; Nationalism; Postcolonialism; Cosmopolitanism; Visible Diversity; African‐Ukrainians; Popular Culture; Ukraine]
Taxis, Traffic, and Thoroughfares: The Politics of Transportation Infrastructure in China's Rapid Urbanization in the Reform Era
Authors: ZHANG JUN 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCities have expanded both territorially and demographically at an unprecedented speed during the recent intense process of urbanization in China. This article investigates the material, discursive, and social dimensions of an infrastructural process that has been interwoven with the discourse and practice of urban development in the city of Guangzhou since the 1990s. It takes a 2007 public hearing concerning the short supply of taxis on workdays as an entry point into the politics of urban infrastructure, threading together long‐term changes in urban forms, the ritual dimensions of the public hearing, and taxi drivers' downward mobility. The issue at the heart of this public hearing is a pattern of traffic flow caused by intense urbanization in the late Reform period that has led to important structural tensions in everyday life. Yet, under the official ideology of urban development, these structural tensions are de‐humanized and rendered a mere technical issue of supply and shortage. In present‐day China, infrastructural projects are regarded as technological solutions to a wide range of social and political issues in the process of urbanization; yet their material results often simply make these issues invisible instead. [Infrastructure; Urbanization; Taxi; Class; Mobility; China]
Diminished ability to identify facial emotional expressions in children with disorganized attachment representations
Authors: Forslund Tommie , Kenward Ben , Granqvist Pehr , Gredebäck Gustaf , Brocki Karin C. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe development of children's ability to identify facial emotional expressions has long been suggested to be experience dependent, with parental caregiving as an important influencing factor. This study attempts to further this knowledge by examining disorganization of the attachment system as a potential psychological mechanism behind aberrant caregiving experiences and deviations in the ability to identify facial emotional expressions. Typically developing children (N = 105, 49.5% boys) aged 6–7 years (M = 6 years 8 months, SD = 1.8 months) completed an attachment representation task and an emotion identification task, and parents rated children's negative emotionality. The results showed a generally diminished ability in disorganized children to identify facial emotional expressions, but no response biases. Disorganized attachment was also related to higher levels of negative emotionality, but discrimination of emotional expressions did not moderate or mediate this relation. Our novel findings relate disorganized attachment to deviations in emotion identification, and therefore suggest that disorganization of the attachment system may constitute a psychological mechanism linking aberrant caregiving experiences to deviations in children's ability to identify facial emotional expressions. Our findings further suggest that deviations in emotion identification in disorganized children, in the absence of maltreatment, may manifest in a generally diminished ability to identify emotional expressions, rather than in specific response biases.
Training and transfer effects of response inhibition training in children and adults
Authors: Zhao Xin , Chen Ling , Maes Joseph H.R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractResponse inhibition is crucial for mental and physical health but studies assessing the trainability of this type of inhibition are rare. Thirty‐nine children aged 10‐12 years and 46 adults aged 18‐24 years were assigned to an adaptive go/no‐go inhibition training condition or an active control condition. Transfer of training effects to performance on tasks assessing response inhibition, interference control, working memory updating, task‐switching, and non‐verbal fluid intelligence were assessed during 3‐ and 6‐month follow‐up sessions and/or an immediate post‐training session. Significant training improvements and positive transfer effects to a similar response inhibition task with other stimuli were observed for both children and adults. Reliable albeit short‐lived transfer effects were only found for the children, specifically to working memory updating and task switching. These results suggest some potential for response‐inhibition training programs to enhance aspects of cognitive functioning in children but not adults.
Psychoanalysis and Ethnography
Authors: Hollan Douglas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this commentary, I discuss some of the theoretical and methodological issues the contributions to this special issue raise collectively, namely: how do we as anthropologists pick and choose among the many diverse psychoanalytic concepts available to us, especially when these concepts may come embedded in very different, and sometimes contradictory, theoretical assumptions about human behavior? Once we find a psychoanalytic concept that is useful for ethnographic work, can we or should we attempt to relate it to more experience near ethnopsychological terms and assumptions, ones that might seem more understandable and intuitive from a local point of view? How intimately should we know people, biographically or developmentally, before we attempt to apply psychoanalytic concepts to their behavior? And, given that George Devereux is cited as one of the inspirations for this special issue, what role can or should an awareness of countertransference play in ethnographic work, and what are the limits, if any, of psychoanalytic interpretation in an ethnographic context?