bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thoraxtrauma: Diagnostik und Therapie
Authors: Redwan Bassam , Biancosino Christian , Nikolova Katina , Greve Thorsten , Bölükbas Servet 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungPatienten mit einem Thoraxtrauma können in den meisten Fällen durch die Anlage einer großlumigen Thoraxsaugdrainage und eine adäquate analgetische Therapie erfolgreich therapiert werden. Die initiale Behandlung richtet sich i. d. R. nach Feststellung der vitalen Notwendigkeit durch den Notarzt bzw. den behandelnden Chirurgen in der Notaufnahme. Schwere intrathorakale Verletzungen im Rahmen eines Polytraumas sind selten. Allerdings handelt es sich meist um akut lebensbedrohliche Situationen. Nach der initialen Stabilisierung stellt die Bildgebung eine essenzielle Grundlage der richtigen Versorgung und einer folgenden Operation dar. Die richtige Einschätzung der intrathorakalen Verletzungen sollte nur interdisziplinär in enger Kooperation zwischen der Anästhesie, Unfallchirurgie, Allgemeinchirurgie und Thoraxchirurgie erfolgen. Daher sollten Patienten mit Thoraxtraumata stets in spezialisierten Zentren mit der erforderlichen Fachexpertise behandelt werden. Dies führt zur Senkung der Sterblichkeit und Verkürzung der Langzeitbehandlung der Patienten.
Pulmonale Hypertonie bei Linksherzerkrankungen
Authors: Opitz Christian , Rieth Andreas , Rosenkranz Stephan 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungDie pulmonale Hypertonie (PH) bei Linksherzerkrankungen ist die weitaus häufigste Form der PH. Nach der hämodynamischen Definition liegt
hierbei eine post-kapilläre PH vor (PAPmean ≥ 25 mmHg, PAWP > 15 mmHg). Die Schwere einer PH sowie die Einschränkung der
rechtsventrikulären Funktion haben erhebliche Bedeutung für die Prognose von Patienten mit systolischer (Heart Failure with reduced Ejection
Fraction, HFrEF) oder diastolischer (Heart Failure with preserved Ejection Fraction, HFpEF) Herzinsuffizienz und/oder linksseitigen
Klappenerkrankungen. Die pathophysiologische Sequenz besteht in einer Rückwärtsübertragung pathologisch erhöhter Füllungsdrucke im linken
Herzen über die pulmonale Zirkulation bis zum rechten Herzen. Im Vordergrund der Therapie stehen daher eine leitliniengerechte Behandlung
der Linksherzerkrankung und die Optimierung des Volumenstatus. Gezielte PH-Medikamente sind primär nicht indiziert. Zeigen sich jedoch trotz
Entwässerung eine ausgeprägte PH und eine Rechtsherzbelastung, so sollte eine detaillierte Abklärung inklusive exakter hämodynamischer
Charakterisierung erfolgen. Die ESC/ERS-Leitlinien differenzieren unter Berücksichtigung des diastolischen Druckgradienten (DPG) und des
pulmonal vaskulären Widerstandes (PVR) zwischen isoliert post-kapillärer PH (Ipc-PH) und kombiniert post- und prä-kapillärer PH (Cpc-PH).
Während bei Ipc-PH kein therapeutisches Target in der pulmonalen Zirkulation besteht, kann bei Cpc-PH mit erhöhtem PVR und DPG ein
Therapieversuch mit gezielten PH-Medikamenten gerechtfertigt sein. Jedoch liegen für diese Form der PH nur präliminäre Daten vor, und
kontrollierte Studien sind notwendig.
Pulmonale Hypertonie bei Lungenerkrankungen
Authors: Lange Tobias J. , Klose Hans , Grimminger Jan F. , Held Matthias 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungInsbesondere fortgeschrittene und länger andauernde Lungenerkrankungen gehen oft mit einer pulmonalen Hypertonie (PH) einher, wobei diese in
der Regel hämodynamisch nur gering ausgeprägt ist und das klinische Erscheinungsbild nicht dominiert, aber dennoch die Prognose der
Patienten verschlechtert. Hinweise auf das Vorliegen einer PH bei Lungenerkrankungen können eine progrediente Dyspnoe und/ oder ein
rückläufiger Transferfaktor bei stabiler Ventilationsstörung in der Lungenfunktion, ein erhöhter oder steigender NT-proBNP-Wert, ein
erniedrigter oder fallender pCO2-Wert in der Blutgasanalyse oder das Auftreten kardialer Dekompensationszeichen sein.Bei Verdacht auf PH bei Patienten mit Lungenerkrankungen sollte eine Echokardiografie erfolgen, um die Wahrscheinlichkeit für das Vorliegen
einer PH abzuschätzen. Bei niedriger PH-Wahrscheinlichkeit oder geringer Ausprägung der Rechtsherzbelastung sollten unter optimaler Therapie
der Grunderkrankung zunächst nicht-invasive Verlaufskontrollen erfolgen. Besteht anhand der nicht-invasiven Untersuchungen der Verdacht auf
eine schwere PH bzw. Rechtsherzbelastung, welche durch die Schwere der Lungenerkrankung nicht gut erklärt ist, müssen weitere PH-Ursachen
wie Linksherzerkrankungen und rezidivierende Lungenembolien ausgeschlossen werden, wobei letzteres jedoch insbesondere bei Patienten mit
fortgeschrittenen Lungenerkrankungen schwierig sein kann. Die zur definitiven Diagnosesicherung einer PH bei Lungenerkrankungen
erforderliche Rechtsherzkatheteruntersuchung wird nach aktuellen Leitlinien nur im Falle voraussichtlicher therapeutischer Konsequenzen wie
z. B. vor einer Lungentransplantation empfohlen.Therapeutisch steht die optimale Behandlung der Lungenerkrankung im Vordergrund, der Einsatz Lungengefäß-erweiternder Medikamente wird
aufgrund fehlender Zulassung sowie möglicher nachteiliger Effekte nicht empfohlen. Patienten mit schwerer PH bei Lungenerkrankung sollten
zur Entscheidung über eine individuelle Therapie und für den Einschluss in klinische Studien im PH-Zentrum vorgestellt werden.
Local gene therapy durably restores vestibular function in a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 1G
Authors: Emptoz Alice , Michel Vincent , Lelli Andrea , Akil Omar , Boutet de Monvel Jacques , Lahlou Ghizlene , Meyer Anaïs , Dupont Typhaine , Nouaille Sylvie , Ey Elody , Franca de Barros Filipa , Beraneck Mathieu , Dulon Didier , Hardelin Jean-Pierre , Lustig Lawrence , Avan Paul , Petit Christine , Safieddine Saaid 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Hearing and balance impairments are major concerns and a serious burden for public health, but still lack an effective curative therapy. We assessed inner ear functions in a mouse model of Usher syndrome type 1, a developmental disorder characterized by profound congenital deafness and balance deficit, after local gene therapy. Viral transfer of the wild-type cDNA to the inner ear of the mutant mice shortly after birth resulted in a partial restoration of hearing and a long-lasting, almost complete, removal of the balance defect. The present results provide a basis for future clinical trials in humans.
Quantum processing by remote quantum control
Authors: Qiang Xiaogang , Zhou Xiaoqi , Aungskunsiri Kanin , Cable Hugo , O’Brien Jeremy L 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Client-server models enable computations to be hosted remotely on quantum servers. We present a novel protocol for realizing this task, with practical advantages when using technology feasible in the near term. Client tasks are realized as linear combinations of operations implemented by the server, where the linear coefficients are hidden from the server. We report on an experimental demonstration of our protocol using linear optics, which realizes linear combination of two single-qubit operations by a remote single-qubit control. In addition, we explain when our protocol can remain efficient for larger computations, as well as some ways in which privacy can be maintained using our protocol.
CESAR 2.0 substantially improves speed and accuracy of comparative gene annotation
Authors: Sharma Virag , Schwede Peter , Hiller Michael 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Homology-based gene prediction is a powerful concept to annotate newly sequenced genomes. We have previously demonstrated that whole genome alignments can be utilized for accurate comparative coding gene annotation.

Results
Here we present CESAR 2.0 that utilizes genome alignments to transfer coding gene annotations from one reference to many other aligned genomes. We show that CESAR 2.0 is 77 times faster and requires 31 times less memory compared to its predecessor. CESAR 2.0 substantially improves the ability to align splice sites that have shifted over larger distances, allowing for precise identification of the exon boundaries in the aligned genome. Finally, CESAR 2.0 supports entire genes, which enables the annotation of joined exons that arose by complete intron deletions. CESAR 2.0 can readily be applied to new genome alignments to annotate coding genes in many other genomes at improved accuracy and without necessitating large-computational resources.

Availability and implementation
Source code is freely available at https://github.com/hillerlab/CESAR2.0

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Enabling reproducible real-time quantitative PCR research: the RDML package
Authors: Rödiger Stefan , Burdukiewicz Michał , Spiess Andrej-Nikolai , Blagodatskikh Konstantin 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Reproducibility, a cornerstone of research, requires defined data formats, which include the setup and output of experiments. The real-time PCR data markup language (RDML) is a recommended standard of the minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments guidelines. Despite the popularity of the RDML format for analysis of quantitative PCR data, handling of RDML files is not yet widely supported in all PCR curve analysis softwares.

Results
This study describes the open-source RDML package for the statistical computing language R. RDML is compatible with RDML versions ≤ 1.2 and provides functionality to (i) import RDML data; (ii) extract sample information (e.g. targets and concentration); (iii) transform data to various formats of the R environment; (iv) generate human-readable run summaries; and (v) to create RDML files from user data. In addition, RDML offers a graphical user interface to read, edit and create RDML files.

Availability and implementation
https://cran.r-project.org/package=RDML. rdmlEdit server http://shtest.evrogen.net/rdmlEdit/. Documentation: http://kablag.github.io/RDML/.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
How cooperation contributes to scientific advances†
Authors: Paffenhöfer Gustav-Adolf 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The idea behind the various papers called Food for Thought was to show how advanced researchers developed their careers, informing about successes and misfortunes. This presentation reports not only on the experiences made by the author; it includes those researchers who provided ideas and support for the author which then led to progress. It often occurs that cooperative efforts are actually needed to advance. The interdisciplinary oceanographic studies reported here were made possible by truly cooperative planning and data-sharing efforts of several individuals which then led to our pioneering advances. Similarly, the successes on obtaining the actual feeding behaviour data of calanoid copepods, after decades of guesswork, could only be achieved through cooperation. Much of the credit goes to my colleagues at the Food Chain Research Group at Scripps Institution of Oceanography who pioneered the combination of field and laboratory efforts to arrive at an understanding of biological processes in the ocean. Overall, not so much my initiative-taking but the repeated encouragement by and feed-back from my colleagues and friends both at Scripps, at Skidaway and other institutes made advances possible.
Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 and FoxO1 in the transcriptional control of lipolysis and de novo lipogenesis
Authors: Kandror Konstantin V. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
Postprandial suppression of lipolysis in adipose tissue and stimulation of de novo lipogenesis (DNL) in the liver by insulin are essential for the metabolic homeostasis in the mammalian organism. The mechanism of coregulation of lipolysis and DNL is not clear.

Recent findings
Insulin controls both lipolysis and DNL at the level of transcription via the same mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) and FoxO1-mediated signaling pathways.

Summary
mTORC1 suppresses lipolysis in adipose tissue and activates DNL in the liver, whereas FoxO1 has the opposite effect. Individual inputs of either mTORC1 or FoxO1 in the regulation of lipid metabolism may be difficult to evaluate because of the cross talk between these pathways.
Medical and policy considerations for nuclear and radiation accidents, incidents and terrorism
Authors: Gale Robert Peter 
Published: August 2017

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to address the increasing medical and public concern regarding the health consequences of radiation exposure, a concern shaped not only by fear of another Chernobyl or Fukushima nuclear power facility accident but also by the intentional use of a nuclear weapon, a radiological dispersion device, a radiological exposure device, or an improved nuclear device by rogue states such as North Korea and terrorist organizations such as Al Qaeda and ISIS.

Recent findings
The United States has the medical capacity to respond to a limited nuclear or radiation accident or incident but an effective medical response to a catastrophic nuclear event is impossible. Dealing effectively with nuclear and radiation accidents or incidents requires diverse strategies, including policy decisions, public education, and medical preparedness.

Summary
I review medical consequences of exposures to ionizing radiations, likely concomitant injuries and potential medical intervention. These data should help haematologists and other healthcare professionals understand the principles of medical consequences of nuclear terrorism. However, the best strategy is prevention.
Stages of Adoption Concern and Technology Acceptance in a Critical Care Nursing Unit
Authors: Berg Gina M. , LoCurto Jamie , Lippoldt Diana 
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study is to examine the stages of concern (self, task, and impact) and usability (trust, perceived usefulness, and ease of use) shifts experienced by nurses adopting new technology.

BACKGROUND
Patient care processes in critical care units can be disrupted with the incorporation of information technology. New users of technology typically transition through stages of concern and experience shifts in acceptance during assimilation.

METHODS
Critical care nurses (N = 41) were surveyed twice: (1) pre, immediately after training, and (2) post, 3 months after implementation of technology.

RESULTS
From presurvey to postsurvey, self-concerns decreased 14%, whereas impact concerns increased 22%. Furthermore, there was a 30% increase in trust and a 17% increase in perceived usefulness, even with a 27% decrease in ease of use.

CONCLUSION
Adoption of new technology requires critical care nurses to adapt current practices, which may improve trust and perceived usefulness yet decrease perceptions of ease of use.
Mitochondrial DNA is Released in Urine of SIRS Patients With Acute Kidney Injury and Correlates With Severity of Renal Dysfunction
Authors: Jansen Marcel P.B. , Pulskens Wilco P. , Butter Loes M. , Florquin Sandrine , Juffermans Nicole P. , Roelofs Joris J.T.H. , Leemans Jaklien C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is characterized by the activation of the innate immune system resulting in stimulation of inflammatory responses, coagulation, and platelet activation that may contribute to complication such as the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). AKI importantly worsens the outcome of SIRS, implying the existence of a detrimental cross talk via systemic messages. Mitochondria are a source of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and are thought to form a molecular link between tissue injury and stimulation of innate immunity. The role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in the cross talk between the onset of SIRS and subsequent development of AKI is unknown. Hence, we performed a case control study in critically ill patients with SIRS diagnosed with or without AKI, in which we determined mtDNA levels in plasma and urine, and correlated these to markers of renal impairment, inflammation, coagulation, and platelet activation. In addition, we exposed mice, primary renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs), and platelets to mtDNA or purified mitochondrial ligands, and measured their response to elucidate underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. Our data reveal that increased systemic mtDNA levels in SIRS patients do not correlate with systemic inflammation and renal disease activity. Moreover, AKI does not have an additional effect on circulating mtDNA levels. In contrast, we found that urinary mtDNA levels correlate with an elevated albumin creatinine ratio (ACR) as well as with increased urinary markers of inflammation, coagulation, and platelet activation. Both renal TECs and platelets respond to mtDNA and mtDNA ligands, leading to increased expression of, respectively, inflammatory cytokines and P-selectin. Moreover, activation of platelets results in mtDNA release. Together, these data suggest that circulating mtDNA is probably not important in the detrimental cross talk between SIRS and AKI, whereas renal mtDNA accumulation may be related to intrarenal inflammation, coagulation processes, and renal dysfunction in the pathophysiology of SIRS.
The Atypical Chemokine Receptor ACKR2 is Protective Against Sepsis
Authors: Castanheira Fernanda V. e Silva , Borges Vanessa , Sônego Fabiane , Kanashiro Alexandre , Donate Paula B. , Melo Paulo H. , Pallas Kenneth , Russo Remo C. , Amaral Flávio A. , Teixeira Mauro M. , Ramalho Fernando S. , Cunha Thiago M. , Liew Foo Y. , Alves-Filho José C. , Graham Gerard J. , Cunha Fernando Q. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response as a result of uncontrolled infections. Neutrophils are the first cells to reach the primary sites of infection, and chemokines play a key role in recruiting neutrophils. However, in sepsis chemokines could also contribute to neutrophil infiltration to vital organs leading to multiple organ failure. ACKR2 is an atypical chemokine receptor, which can remove and degrade inflammatory CC chemokines. The role of ACK2 in sepsis is unknown. Using a model of cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), we demonstrate here that ACKR2 deficient (−/−) mice exhibited a significant reduction in the survival rate compared with similarly treated wild-type (WT) mice. However, neutrophil migration to the peritoneal cavity and bacterial load were similar between WT and ACKR2−/− mice during CLP. In contrast, ACKR2−/− mice showed increased neutrophil infiltration and elevated CC chemokine levels in the lung, kidney, and heart compared with the WT mice. In addition, ACKR2−/− mice also showed more severe lesions in the lung and kidney than those in the WT mice. Consistent with these results, WT mice under nonsevere sepsis (90% survival) had higher expression of ACKR2 in these organs than mice under severe sepsis (no survival). Finally, the lungs from septic patients showed increased number of ACKR2+ cells compared with those of nonseptic patients. Our data indicate that ACKR2 may have a protective role during sepsis, and the absence of ACKR2 leads to exacerbated chemokine accumulation, neutrophil infiltration, and damage to vital organs.
Short- and Long-term Outcomes of De Novo Liver Transplant Patients Treated With Once-Daily Prolonged-Release Tacrolimus
Authors: Okumura Yuichiro , Noda Takehiro , Eguchi Hidetoshi , Iwagami Yoshifumi , Yamada Daisaku , Asaoka Tadafumi , Wada Hiroshi , Kawamoto Koichi , Gotoh Kunihito , Takeda Yutaka , Tanemura Masahiro , Marubashi Shigeru , Umeshita Koji , Doki Yuichiro , Mori Masaki 
Published: August 2017

Background
Tacrolimus is the key immunosuppressive drug for liver transplantation. Once-daily prolonged-release tacrolimus (TAC-PR) exhibits good drug adherence but has difficulty controlling the trough level in the early phase of liver transplantation. The aim of this study was to compare the feasibility and efficacy of immediately starting oral TAC-PR versus traditional twice-daily tacrolimus (TAC-BID) in de novo liver transplantation recipients.

Methods
The study included 28 patients treated with conventional TAC-BID and 60 patients treated with TAC-PR (median follow-up 70.5 months). Short-term and long-term outcomes were compared.

Results
Patient characteristics were similar except for the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma and type of graft. Dose adjustment was more frequently required for TAC-PR than TAC-BID (73.3% vs 42.9%, P = 0.006), but trough levels of TAC during the first 3 months after liver transplantation were controlled well in both groups. The rate of acute cellular rejection and long-term renal function were similar in both groups. In both groups, renal function worsened during the first 6 months after transplantation and remained stable until the end of the follow-up period. The 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year survival rates were 96.4%, 85.7%, and 85.7% for TAC-BID and 96.7%, 94.8%, and 94.8% for TAC-PR, respectively. The overall survival curve for TAC-PR was not inferior to that of TAC-BID.

Conclusions
The TAC-PR protocol was feasible and effective with strict adjustment.
Ventromedial prefrontal cortex compression during concept learning
Authors: Mack Michael L. , Preston Alison R. , Love Bradley C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrefrontal cortex (PFC) is thought to support the ability to focus on goal-relevant information by filtering out irrelevant information, a process akin to dimensionality reduction. Here, we test this dimensionality reduction hypothesis by combining a data-driven approach to characterizing the complexity of neural representation with a theoretically-supported computational model of learning. We find strong evidence of goal-directed dimensionality reduction within human ventromedial PFC during learning. Importantly, by using model predictions of each participant’s attentional strategies during learning, we find that that the degree of neural compression predicts an individual’s ability to selectively attend to concept-specific information. These findings suggest a domain-general mechanism of learning through compression in ventromedial PFC.