bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The size at reproduction of canopy tree species in central Africa
Authors: Ouédraogo Dakis‐Yaoba , Doucet Jean‐Louis , Daïnou Kasso , Baya Fidèle , Biwolé Achille Bernard , Bourland Nils , Fétéké Fousséni , Gillet Jean‐François , Kouadio Yao Lambert , Fayolle Adeline 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSize at reproduction is a key aspect of species life history that is relatively understudied for long‐lived tropical trees. Here, we quantified reproductive diameter for 31 major timber species across 11 sites in Cameroon, Congo, and Central African Republic. Specifically, we examined whether (1) between‐species variability is correlated with other species traits; (2) reproductive diameter varies within‐species among sites; (3) reproductive status varies with crown exposure; and (4) the minimum cutting diameter limits (MCDL) imposed by national forest regulations enable seed trees to persist after logging operations. Consistent with studies conducted elsewhere in the tropics, we found great variability in diameter at reproduction among species, which correlated with adult stature (maximum diameter and height). For some species, reproductive diameter thresholds substantially varied between sites, and crown exposure had a significant positive effect on reproductive status. Most MCDLs were found to be suitable, with trees having a high probability of being seed trees at MCDL. Our findings have implications for the sustainable management of production forests, and they highlight questionable MCDLs for some species and between‐site variation in reproductive diameter. The study also highlights the need for long‐term phenological monitoring of tree species spanning a large range of ecological strategies to address both theoretical (species life history, allocation trade‐offs) and practical questions (MCDL).
The status of dermoscopy in Germany – results of the cross‐sectional Pan‐Euro‐Dermoscopy Study
Authors: Blum Andreas , Kreusch Jürgen , Stolz Wilhelm , Argenziano Giuseppe , Forsea Ana‐Maria , Marmol V. Del , Zalaudek Iris , Soyer H. Peter , Haenssle Holger A. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundSurvey on the current status of dermoscopy in Germany.MethodsIn the context of a pan‐European internet‐based study (n = 7,480) conducted by the International Dermoscopy Society, 880 German dermatologists were asked to answer questions with respect to their level of training as well as their use and perceived benefit of dermoscopy.ResultsSeven hundred and sixty‐two (86.6 %) participants practiced dermatology in a publicly funded health care setting; 98.4 % used a dermoscope in routine clinical practice. About 93 % (n = 814) stated to have had more than five years of experience in the use of dermoscopy. Dermoscopy was considered useful in the diagnosis of melanoma by 93.6 % (n = 824); for pigmented skin tumors, by 92.4 % (n = 813); in the follow‐up of melanocytic lesions, by 88.6 % (n = 780); for non‐pigmented lesions, by 71.4 % (n = 628), in the follow‐up of non‐melanocytic lesions, by 52.7 % (n = 464); and for inflammatory skin lesions, by 28.5 % (n = 251). Overall, 86.5 % (n = 761) of participants felt that – compared to naked‐eye examination – dermoscopy increased the number of melanomas diagnosed; 77,7 % (n = 684) considered the number of unnecessary excisions of benign lesions to be decreased. Participants who personally felt that dermoscopy improved their ability to diagnose melanoma were significantly i) younger, ii) had been practicing dermatology for a shorter period of time, iii) were less commonly employed by an university‐affiliated dermatology department, iv) were more frequently working in an office‐based public health care setting, and v) had more frequently been trained in dermoscopy during their dermatology residency.ConclusionsThe findings presented herein ought to be integrated into future residency and continuing medical education programs with the challenge to improve dermato‐oncological care and to expand the diagnostic spectrum of dermoscopy to include inflammatory skin diseases.
Prevalence and correlates of depressive symptoms in older adults across the glycaemic spectrum: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study
Authors: Rawlings A. M. , Sharrett A. R. , Golden S. H. , Windham B. G. , Selvin E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimsTo document the prevalence of current depressive symptoms and history of depression across the glycaemic spectrum in older adults, and examine if measures of health status and healthcare satisfaction, access and utilization explain differences in the prevalence of current depressive symptoms by diabetes status.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional study of 6226 participants aged 67–90 years who attended the 2011–2013 visit of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Diabetes was based on self‐report, medication use and HbA1c. Current depressive symptoms were defined using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 11‐item questionnaire, and history of depression was assessed via self‐report. We examined obesity, history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, kidney disease, cognitive function, and self‐reported health compared with others. Prevalence and prevalence ratios were estimated using age‐, race‐, and sex‐adjusted Poisson regression.ResultsThe prevalence of current depressive symptoms was 5.4% in people without diabetes and 11.0% in people with diabetes (prevalence ratio 2.04, 95% CI 1.60, 2.48); the prevalence of history of depression was 11% in people without diabetes and 17.7% in people with diabetes (prevalence ratio 1.61, 95% CI 1.28,1.95). Strong correlates of current depressive symptoms were history of depression (prevalence ratio 3.86, 95% CI 3.05, 4.90) and reporting poor health compared with others (prevalence ratio 3.88, 95% CI 2.93, 5.15). No variables had significantly different associations with depressive symptoms across glycaemic categories (P for interaction >0.10).ConclusionsIn older adults, current depressive symptoms were twice as prevalent in people with diabetes compared with those without. Measures of health status and healthcare did not explain differences in depressive symptoms between people with and without diabetes.
Interplay between Trx‐1 and S100P promotes colorectal cancer cell epithelial–mesenchymal transition by up‐regulating S100A4 through AKT activation
Authors: Zuo Zhigui , Zhang Peili , Lin Feiyan , Shang Wenjing , Bi Ruichun , Lu Fengying , Wu Jianbo , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe previously reported a novel positive feedback loop between thioredoxin‐1 (Trx‐1) and S100P, which promotes the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined the roles of Trx‐1 and S100P in CRC epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) and their underlying mechanisms. We observed that knockdown of Trx‐1 or S100P in SW620 cells inhibited EMT, whereas overexpression of Trx‐1 or S100P in SW480 cells promoted EMT. Importantly, S100A4 and the phosphorylation of AKT were identified as potential downstream targets of Trx‐1 and S100P in CRC cells. Silencing S100A4 or inhibition of AKT phosphorylation eliminated S100P‐ or Trx‐1‐mediated CRC cell EMT, migration and invasion. Moreover, inhibition of AKT activity reversed S100P‐ or Trx‐1‐induced S100A4 expression. The expression of S100A4 was higher in human CRC tissues compared with their normal counterpart tissues and was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis and poor survival. The overexpression of S100A4 protein was also positively correlated with S100P or Trx‐1 protein overexpression in our cohort of CRC tissues. In addition, overexpression of S100P reversed the Trx‐1 knockdown‐induced inhibition of S100A4 expression, EMT and migration and invasion in SW620 cells. The data suggest that interplay between Trx‐1 and S100P promoted CRC EMT as well as migration and invasion by up‐regulating S100A4 through AKT activation, thus providing further potential therapeutic targets for suppressing the EMT in metastatic CRC.
Pharmacokinetics of cefquinome in healthy and Pasteurella multocida‐infected rabbits
Authors: Elazab S. T. , Schrunk D. E. , Griffith R. W. , Ensley S. M. , Dell'Anna G. , Mullin K. , Elsayed M. G. , Amer M. S. , El‐Nabtity S. M. , Hsu W. H. 
Published: January 2018

The pharmacokinetics of cefquinome were studied in healthy and Pasteurella multocida‐infected rabbits after a single intramuscular (IM) injection at 2 mg/kg of its sulfate salt. Twelve female New Zealand white rabbits (2.0–2.5 kg) were used; six of them served as controls, and the other six had been infected with P. multocida; the experiments were conducted 1–2 days after nasal inoculation of P. multocida when rabbits showed the signs of respiratory infection. Plasma concentrations of cefquinome were determined using high‐performance liquid chromatography. The values of elimination half‐life, area under the curve, area under the first moment curve, and mean residence time were significantly lower in infected rabbits (0.48 hr, 4.54 hr*μg/ml, 3.63 hr* hr*μg/ml and 0.8 hr, respectively) than healthy rabbits (0.72 hr, 9.11 hr*μg/ml, 9.85 hr* hr*μg/ml and 1.1 hr, respectively), whereas total body clearance was significantly higher in infected than healthy rabbits. Therefore, P. multocida infection caused significant changes in some of the pharmacokinetic parameters of cefquinome in rabbits. These pharmacokinetic changes may affect dose regimen when used in P. multocida‐infected rabbits.
The applicability of modern tidal analogues to pre‐vegetation paralic depositional models
Authors: Bradley Ginny‐Marie , Redfern Jonathan , Hodgetts David , George Annette D. , Wach Grant D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn modern siliciclastic environments terrestrial and aquatic vegetation binds substrate, controls weathering and erosion rates, influences run‐off, sediment supply and subsequent depositional architecture. This study assesses the applicability of modern depositional models that are impacted by vascular vegetation, as analogues for ancient pre‐land plant systems. A review of pre‐Devonian published literature demonstrates a paucity of described tidal successions; this is possibly due to the application of modern analogues for interpreting the record when there is a lack of tidal indicators. This paucity suggests a need for revised models of tidal deposition that consider the different environmental conditions prior to land plant evolution. This study examines the Ordovician–Silurian Tumblagooda Sandstone, which is exposed in the gorge of the Murchison River and coastal cliffs near Kalbarri, Western Australia. The Tumblagooda Sandstone comprises stacked sand‐rich facies, with well‐preserved bedforms and trace fossils. Previous interpretations of the depositional setting have proposed from a mixed sheet‐braided fluvial and intertidal flats; to a continental setting dominated by fluvial and aeolian processes. An enigmatic element is the rarity of mud‐rich facies preserved in the succession. Outcrop logging, facies and petrographic analysis record dominantly shallow water conditions with episodes of emergence. Abundant ichnotaxa indicate that marine conditions and bi‐directional flow structures are evidence for an intertidal and subtidal depositional environment. A macrotidal estuary setting is proposed, with evidence for tidal channels and repeated fluvial incursions. Physical and biogenic sedimentary structures are indicative of tidal conditions. The lack of clay and silt resulted in the absence of flaser or lenticular‐bedding. Instead cyclic deposition of thin beds and foreset bioturbation replaced mud drape deposits. Higher energy conditions prevailed in the absence of the binding activity of plants in the terrestrial and marine realm. This is suggestive of different weathering processes and a reduction in the preservation of some sedimentary features.
Evolution of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa Aminoglycoside Mutational Resistome
In Vitro
and in the Cystic Fibrosis Setting
Authors: López-Causapé Carla , Rubio Rosa , Cabot Gabriel , Oliver Antonio 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Inhaled administration of high doses of aminoglycosides is a key maintenance treatment of
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
chronic respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis (CF). We analyzed the dynamics and mechanisms of stepwise high-level tobramycin resistance development
in vitro
and compared the results with those of isogenic pairs of susceptible and resistant clinical isolates. Resistance development correlated with
fusA1
mutations
in vitro
and
in vivo. pmrB
mutations, conferring polymyxin resistance, were also frequently selected
in vitro
. In contrast, mutational overexpression of MexXY, a hallmark of aminoglycoside resistance in CF, was not observed in
in vitro
evolution experiments.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Aeromonas hydrophila
Strain Ae25, Isolated from a Septicemic Moribund Koi Carp (
Cyprinus carpio
) in Sri Lanka
Authors: Honein Karim , Jagoda S. S. S. De S. , Arulkanthan A. , Ushio Hideki , Asakawa Shuichi 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Motile aeromonad septicemia caused by mesophilic strains of
Aeromonas hydrophila
is a widespread problem in cultured freshwater fish. We announce here the draft genome sequence of the multidrug-resistant
A. hydrophila
strain Ae25, isolated from a koi carp (
Cyprinus carpio
) with motile aeromonad septicemia that was collected from an ornamental fish-breeding farm in Sri Lanka.
Complete Closed Genome Sequence of Nontoxigenic Invasive
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
bv. mitis Strain ISS 3319
Authors: Azevedo Antunes Camila , Richardson Emily J. , Quick Joshua , Fuentes-Utrilla Pablo , Isom Georgia L. , Goodall Emily C. , Möller Jens , Hoskisson Paul A. , Mattos-Guaraldi Ana Luiza , Cunningham Adam F. , Loman Nicholas J. , Sangal Vartul , Burkovski Andreas , Henderson Ian R. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

The genome sequence of the human pathogen
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
bv. mitis strain ISS 3319 was determined and closed in this study. The genome is estimated to have 2,404,936 bp encoding 2,257 proteins. This strain also possesses a plasmid of 1,960 bp.
Follow-up patterns and associated risk factors after paediatric cataract surgery: observation over a 5-year period
Authors: Chougule Pratik , Murat Shamsiya , Mohamed Ashik , Kekunnaya Ramesh 
Published: January 2018

PurposeTo study the pattern of compliance to follow-up of children less than 5 years of age undergoing surgery for congenital and developmental cataract over a period of 5 years.MethodsIt is a retrospective study of children less than 5 years of age undergoing cataract surgery between January and December 2010 for congenital or developmental cataract and followed up until 31 December 2015. Age, sex, distance from hospital and urban or rural habitat, delay in presentation, socioeconomic status, laterality, morphology and type of cataract, implantation of intraocular lens and interventions done were noted. Compliance to follow-up at postoperative 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and then once a year until 5 years were recorded.Results169 patients were included in the study. The median follow-up was 22 months. Median age at surgery was 10 months and had a negative correlation with total follow-up. Male-to-female ratio was 1.82. Logarithmic curve of follow-up was noticed with 85%, 61%, 55%, 52%, 39% and 28% patients attending 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years of follow-up, respectively. Low socioeconomic group had poor follow-up compared with higher socioeconomic group (P=0.009), but the curve of follow-up was similar in both groups; multiple interventions group had better follow-up (P<0.0001).ConclusionCurve of loss to follow-up is logarithmic in children undergoing paediatric cataract surgery. Age at surgery and low economic status are the most important factors associated with poor follow-up.
Kolon FnC’s Global Expansion Strategy
Authors: Kim Hyojung , Lee Jinju , Kwon Ki-Hwan 
Published: January 2018

Korean fashion firms face difficulties in sustaining their growth momentum because of market stagnation and the aggressive entry of global luxury and SPA brands. To find a breakthrough, local fashion firms are adopting diverse strategies, including direct entry, licensing, and acquisitions, to successfully tap into the global market. Kolon FnC, which is among the five affiliates of Kolon Industries, focuses its business in the production and sales of fashion goods and clothing lines. Focusing on its strength as a leading brand power in the sports and outdoor segment, Kolon FnC is making strategic moves, such as diversifying its fashion portfolio, creating new value by collaborating with artists, and enhancing its R&D capability for new garment materials, which is led by one of its sister affiliates, Kolon Fashion Material. Under the leadership of the newly appointed CEO Dong-Mun Park, Kolon FnC is aggressively seeking talented young designers in Korea to differentiate itself from its global competitors. CEO Park strongly believes that talented young Korean designers can be a viable source of competitive advantage against global competitors. Since 2010, Kolon FnC has acquired several small-sized designer shops and fashion accessory shops to diversify its fashion portfolio and to create a young and vibrant brand image. This approach marks a departure from the strategic paths of its major local competitors, as Korean fashion firms typically focus on licensing or acquiring foreign brands. This case aims to identify the practical implications of global expansion strategies by analyzing how the Korean fashion industry has evolved and how Kolon FnC and its competitors have deployed different global expansion strategies in developing their resources and/or capabilities for future growth.
DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF C-SHAPED SUPERELASTIC SMA SHEET WITH CONSTANT FORCE
Authors: WANG MINGHUI , YU HONGLIU , LIU BAOLIN , ZHU LIANGFAN , LUO YUN 
Published: January 2018

Constant force component is very useful in medical device, such as forceps with constant force, which may prevent soft tissues from injures due to overloading. This paper studied the optimization procedure in constant force component for superelastic shape memory alloy, and tried to find the rule of obtaining constant force within a relatively large deformation range for superelastic C-shaped shape memory alloy sheet. The optimization concept of combing finite element analysis in ANSYS with genetic algorithm in MATLAB was presented for designing constant force component using superelastic SMA. The computational optimization and experimental results of the C-shaped shape memory alloy sheet showed that the proposed optimization method was potential for superelastic shape memory alloy. The optimization results were consistent with the experimental results. It was demonstrated that constant force could be obtained within a relatively large deformation range by varying the initial shape of the superelastic SMA component.
Genome-Wide Gene Expression Changes in the Normal-Appearing Airway during the Evolution of Smoking-Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kantrowitz Jacob , Sinjab Ansam , Xu Li , McDowell Tina L. , Sivakumar Smruthy , Lang Wenhua , Nunomura-Nakamura Sayuri , Fukuoka Junya , Nemer Georges , Darwiche Nadine , Chami Hassan , Tfayli Arafat , Wistuba Ignacio I. , Scheet Paul , Fujimoto Junya , Spira Avrum E. , Kadara Humam 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Smoking perpetuates in cytologically normal airways a molecular “field of injury” that is pertinent to lung cancer and early detection. The evolution of airway field changes prior to lung oncogenesis is poorly understood largely due to the long latency of lung cancer in smokers. Here, we studied airway expression changes prior to lung cancer onset in mice with knockout of the Gprc5a gene (Gprc5a−/−) and tobacco carcinogen (NNK) exposure and that develop the most common type of lung cancer, lung adenocarcinoma, within 6 months following exposure. Airway epithelial brushings were collected from Gprc5a−/− mice before exposure and at multiple times post-NNK until time of lung adenocarcinoma development and then analyzed by RNA sequencing. Temporal airway profiles were identified by linear models and analyzed by comparative genomics in normal airways of human smokers with and without lung cancer. We identified significantly altered profiles (n = 926) in the NNK-exposed mouse normal airways relative to baseline epithelia, a subset of which were concordantly modulated with smoking status in the human airway. Among airway profiles that were significantly modulated following NNK, we found that expression changes (n = 22) occurring as early as 2 months following exposure were significantly associated with lung cancer status when examined in airways of human smokers. Furthermore, a subset of a recently reported human bronchial gene classifier (Percepta; n = 56) was enriched in the temporal mouse airway profiles. We underscore evolutionarily conserved profiles in the normal-appearing airway that develop prior to lung oncogenesis and that comprise viable markers for early lung cancer detection in suspect smokers. Cancer Prev Res; 11(4); 237–48. ©2018 AACR.
Water choice as a counterstrategy to faecally transmitted disease: an experimental study in captive lemurs
Authors: Amoroso Caroline R. , Frink Alexa G. , Nunn Charles L. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMany parasites and pathogens are transmitted via water, including through faecal contamination of water sources. Yet water is essential for survival, and some species gain nutritional and other benefits from coprophagy. We investigated how primates balance the risks of faecal pathogen transmission with potential benefits of faeces ingestion in their selection of water sources by conducting behavioural experiments with five species of lemurs (Family Lemuridae) in captivity. Subjects were given a choice between clean water and water ‘contaminated’ with disinfected faecal material, which contained cues associated with faecally transmitted parasites, but minimal risk. We found that lemurs exhibited strong preferences for the clean water. This pattern was supported even at low levels of faecal contamination and in species adapted to water-limited habitats, for which choosiness about water quality could present a dehydration risk. Our results strongly support the hypothesis that avoiding faecal contamination is important in water selection.
Submesoscale Processes at Shallow Salinity Fronts in the Bay of Bengal: Observations during the Winter Monsoon
Authors: Ramachandran Sanjiv , Tandon Amit , Mackinnon Jennifer , Lucas Andrew J. , Pinkel Robert , Waterhouse Amy F. , Nash Jonathan , Shroyer Emily , Mahadevan Amala , Weller Robert A. , Farrar J. Thomas 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLateral submesoscale processes and their influence on vertical stratification at shallow salinity fronts in the central Bay of Bengal during the winter monsoon are explored using high-resolution data from a cruise in November 2013. The observations are from a radiator survey centered at a salinity-controlled density front, embedded in a zone of moderate mesoscale strain (0.15 times the Coriolis parameter) and forced by winds with a downfront orientation. Below a thin mixed layer, often ≤10 m, the analysis shows several dynamical signatures indicative of submesoscale processes: (i) negative Ertel potential vorticity (PV); (ii) low-PV anomalies with O(1–10) km lateral extent, where the vorticity estimated on isopycnals and the isopycnal thickness are tightly coupled, varying in lockstep to yield low PV; (iii) flow conditions susceptible to forced symmetric instability (FSI) or bearing the imprint of earlier FSI events; (iv) negative lateral gradients in the absolute momentum field (inertial instability); and (v) strong contribution from differential sheared advection at O(1) km scales to the growth rate of the depth-averaged stratification. The findings here show one-dimensional vertical processes alone cannot explain the vertical stratification and its lateral variability over O(1–10) km scales at the radiator survey.