bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On-Site Energy Consumption and Selected Emissions at Softwood Sawmills in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Loeffler Dan , Anderson Nathaniel , Morgan Todd A. , Sorenson Colin B. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Presently there is a lack of information describing US southwestern energy consumption and emissions generated from the sawmilling industry. This article uses a mail survey of softwood sawmills in the states of Arizona, Colorado, and New Mexico to develop a profile of on-site energy consumption and selected emissions for the industry. Energy consumption is categorized by fuel type on a production basis for both renewable and nonrenewable sources for production year 2012. Selected emissions from on-site energy consumption were also estimated for respondent sawmills. Survey respondents represented 35 percent of total softwood lumber production of 169.2 million board feet. Total annual on-site sawmill energy required was 64.8 billion British thermal units. Sixty-one percent was derived from diesel fuel, primarily for on-site rolling stock; 35 percent was from electricity; 3 percent was from gasoline used for on-site rolling stock; and the remainder was from propane and wood. Energy produced from nonrenewable sources accounted for 94 percent of total on-site energy consumption. Off-site electricity generation for consumption at sawmills comprise the majority of all emissions in this analysis: 62 percent of CO2, 99 percent of CH4, 94 percent of NOX, 99 percent of SOX, and 99 percent of particulate matter ≤ 10 μm (PM10). Diesel fuel, which supplies the majority of on-site energy, comprises 36 percent CO2, 0 percent CH4, 5 percent NOX, 0.4 percent SOX, and 1.1 percent of PM10.
Evaluating the Implementation of Health Checks for Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Primary Care: The Importance of Organizational Context
Authors: Durbin Janet , Selick Avra , Casson Ian , Green Laurie , Spassiani Natasha , Perry Andrea , Lunsky Yona 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Compared to other adults, those with intellectual and developmental disabilities have more health issues, yet are less likely to receive preventative care. One strategy that has shown success in increasing prevention activities and early detection of illness is the periodic comprehensive health assessment (the health check). Effectively moving evidence into practice is a complex process that often receives inadequate attention. This qualitative study evaluates the implementation of the health check at two primary-care clinics in Ontario, Canada, and the influence of the clinic context on implementation decisions. Each clinic implemented the same core components; however, due to contextual differences, some components were operationalized differently. Adapting to the setting context is important to ensuring successful and sustainable implementation.
Perceptions of Health and Healthcare of People With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities in Medicaid Managed Care
Authors: Gibbons Hailee M. , Owen Randall , Heller Tamar 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This study examined perceptions of health and healthcare of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) receiving Medicaid Managed Care. Exploratory, semistructured interviews were conducted with 23 participants. Findings indicate that participants generally expressed being in good health and defined good health as (a) absence of pain, disease, and symptoms; (b) adherence to or not requiring treatment; (c) physical self-care; (d) mental or spiritual self-care; and (e) ability to perform the activities one wants to do. Participants conceptualized healthcare as (a) ensuring needs are met through access to services, (b) obtaining quality services, (c) navigating the healthcare system successfully, and (d) receiving humanizing healthcare. This study has implications for improving healthcare and communications between people with IDD and healthcare providers.
Comparison between the (G’/G) - expansion method and the modified extended tanh method
Authors: Akçaği Şamil , Aydemir Tuğba 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper, firstly, we give a connection between well known and commonly used methods called the

(

G
'

G

)

$\left( {{{G'} \over G}} \right)$

-expansion method and the modified extended tanh method which are often used for finding exact solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs). We demonstrate that giving a convenient transformation and formula, all of the solutions obtained by using the

(

G
'

G

)

$\left( {{{G'} \over G}} \right)$

- expansion method can be converted the solutions obtained by using the modified extended tanh method. Secondly, contrary to the assertion in some papers, the

(

G
'

G

)

$\left( {{{G'} \over G}} \right)$

-expansion method gives neither all of the solutions obtained by using the other method nor new solutions for NPDEs. Namely, while the modified extended tanh method gives more solutions in a straightforward, concise and elegant manner without reproducing a lot of different forms of the same solution. On the other hand, the

(

G
'

G

)

$\left( {{{G'} \over G}} \right)$

-expansion method provides less solutions in a rather cumbersome form. Lastly, we obtain new exact solutions for the Lonngren wave equation as an illustrative example by using these methods.
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to STAR mutations in a Caucasian patient
Authors: Kaur Jasmeet , Casas Luis , Bose Himangshu S 
Published: March 2016

Summary
Lipoid congenital adrenal hyperplasia (lipoid CAH), the most severe form of CAH, is most commonly caused by mutations in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), which is required for the movement of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membranes to synthesize pregnenolone. This study was performed to evaluate whether the salt-losing crisis and the adrenal inactivity experienced by a Scandinavian infant is due to a de novo STAR mutation. The study was conducted at the University of North Dakota, the Mercer University School of Medicine and the Memorial University Medical Center to identify the cause of this disease. The patient was admitted to a pediatric endocrinologist at the Sanford Health Center for salt-losing crisis and possible adrenal failure. Lipoid CAH is an autosomal recessive disease, we identified two de novo heterozygous mutations (STAR c.444C>A (STAR p.N148K) and STAR c.557C>T (STAR p.R193X)) in the STAR gene, causing lipoid CAH. New onset lipoid CAH can occur through de novo mutations and is not restricted to any specific region of the world. This Scandinavian family was of Norwegian descent and had lipoid CAH due to a mutation in S
TAR exons 4 and 5. Overexpression of the STAR p.N148K mutant in nonsteroidogenic COS-1 cells supplemented with an electron transport system showed activity similar to the background level, which was ∼10% of that observed with wild-type (WT) STAR. Protein-folding analysis showed that the finger printing of the STAR p.N148K mutant is also different from the WT protein. Inherited STAR mutations may be more prevalent in some geographical areas but not necessarily restricted to those regions.

Learning points

STAR mutations cause lipoid CAH.

This is a pure population from a caucasian family.

Mutation ablated STAR activity.

The mutation resulted in loosely folded conformation of STAR.
Chemotropism and Cell Fusion in Neurospora crassa Relies on the Formation of Distinct Protein Complexes by HAM-5 and a Novel Protein HAM-14
Authors: Jonkers Wilfried , Fischer Monika S , Do Hung P , Starr Trevor L , Glass N Louise 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In filamentous fungi, communication is essential for the formation of an interconnected, multinucleate, syncytial network, which is constructed via hyphal fusion or fusion of germinated asexual spores (germlings). Anastomosis in filamentous fungi is comparable to other somatic cell fusion events resulting in syncytia, including myoblast fusion during muscle differentiation, macrophage fusion, and fusion of trophoblasts during placental development. In Neurospora crassa, fusion of genetically identical germlings is a highly dynamic and regulated process that requires components of a MAP kinase signal transduction pathway. The kinase pathway components (NRC-1, MEK-2 and MAK-2) and the scaffold protein HAM-5 are recruited to hyphae and germling tips undergoing chemotropic interactions. The MAK-2/HAM-5 protein complex shows dynamic oscillation to hyphae/germling tips during chemotropic interactions, and which is out-of-phase to the dynamic localization of SOFT, which is a scaffold protein for components of the cell wall integrity MAP kinase pathway. In this study, we functionally characterize HAM-5 by generating ham-5 truncation constructs and show that the N-terminal half of HAM-5 was essential for function. This region is required for MAK-2 and MEK-2 interaction and for correct cellular localization of HAM-5 to “fusion puncta.” The localization of HAM-5 to puncta was not perturbed in 21 different fusion mutants, nor did these puncta colocalize with components of the secretory pathway. We also identified HAM-14 as a novel member of the HAM-5/MAK-2 pathway by mining MAK-2 phosphoproteomics data. HAM-14 was essential for germling fusion, but not for hyphal fusion. Colocalization and coimmunoprecipitation data indicate that HAM-14 interacts with MAK-2 and MEK-2 and may be involved in recruiting MAK-2 (and MEK-2) to complexes containing HAM-5.
Transcript Isoform Variation Associated with Cytosine Modification in Human Lymphoblastoid Cell Lines
Authors: Zhang Xu , Zhang Wei 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCytosine modification on DNA is variable among individuals, which could correlate with gene expression variation. The effect of cytosine modification on interindividual transcript isoform variation (TIV), however, remains unclear. In this study, we assessed the extent of cytosine modification-specific TIV in lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) derived from unrelated individuals of European and African descent. Our study detected cytosine modification-specific TIVs for 17% of the analyzed genes at a 5% false discovery rate. Forty-five percent of the TIV-associated cytosine modifications correlated with the overall gene expression levels as well, with the corresponding CpG sites overrepresented in transcript initiation sites, transcription factor binding sites, and distinct histone modification peaks, suggesting that alternative isoform transcription underlies the TIVs. Our analysis also revealed 33% of the TIV-associated cytosine modifications that affected specific exons, with the corresponding CpG sites overrepresented in exon/intron junctions, splicing branching points, and transcript termination sites, implying that the TIVs are attributable to alternative splicing or transcription termination. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of TIV shared target preference but exerted independent effects on 61% of the common exon targets. Cytosine modification-specific TIVs detected from LCLs were differentially enriched in those detected from various tissues in The Cancer Genome Atlas, indicating their developmental dependency. Genes containing cytosine modification-specific TIVs were enriched in pathways of cancers and metabolic disorders. Our study demonstrated a prominent effect of cytosine modification variation on the transcript isoform spectrum over gross transcript abundance and revealed epigenetic contributions to diseases that were mediated through cytosine modification-specific TIV.
Die Rolle der Ernährung in der Kleintierpraxis
Authors: Schmidt Stefanie , Hänse Maria , Coenen Manfred , Siebert Diana 
Published: March 2016

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: Gewinn epidemiologischer Daten über die Bedeutsamkeit der Ernährung in der Kleintierpraxis und den Kenntnisstand praktischer Tierärzte. Material und Methoden: 707 Tierärzte wurden anhand eines standardisierten Online-Fragebogens befragt. Die Befragung gliederte sich in drei Abschnitte und umfasste die Themengebiete der Person und des Arbeitsumfeldes, den Weiterbildungsund Kenntnisstand der Tierärzte auf dem Gebiet der Kleintierernährung sowie deren Stellenwert in ihrer Praxis. Ergebnisse: Der überwiegende Teil der Befragten (91,3%) arbeitete in einer Praxis, in der maximal vier Tierärzte beschäftigt sind. Dabei behandelte die Mehrzahl der Tierärzte (89,3%) täglich bis zu 50 Patienten. Auf einer Skala von 1–5 bewerteten die Tierärzte ihr eigenes Wissen im Durchschnitt mit dem Wert 2,59 (± 0,798). Der Stellenwert der Ernährungsberatung in der Kleintierpraxis wurde mit 2,02 (± 0,818) als grundsätzlich wichtig eingestuft. 37,3% der Tierärzte führten entsprechend in mindestens der Hälfte der in ihrer Praxis vorgestellten Fälle eine Ernährungsberatung durch, wobei die Art der Ernährungsberatung sehr unterschiedlich gehandhabt wurde. Als Begründung für eine nicht durch - geführte Ernährungsberatung trotz bestehender Indikation gaben die meisten Tierärzte den Zeitaufwand (37,1%) und die geringe Zahlungsbereitschaft der Kunden (34,6%) an. Um die eigenen Fachkenntnisse zu erweitern, wünschten sich die meisten Tierärzte mehr Fortbildungen im Bereich der Tierernährung. Schlussfolgerung: Die tierärztliche Ernährungsberatung wird in der täglichen Praxis als wichtig empfunden, es besteht jedoch allgemein der Wunsch, sich auf diesem Gebiet häufiger fortzubilden. Klinische Relevanz: Obwohl die Ernährungsberatung eine große Rolle spielt, führt nur ein Teil der Tierärzte sie regelmäßig durch. Insbesondere in Fällen, in denen eine Indikation besteht, sollte immer eine Ernährungsberatung vorgenommen werden, um den maximalen Behandlungserfolg sicherzustellen.
Children's Attitudes toward Peers with Unintelligible Speech Associated with Cleft Lip and/or Palate
Authors: Lee Alice , Gibbon Fiona E. , Spivey Kimberley 
Published: March 2016

Objective The objective of this study was to investigate whether reduced speech intelligibility in children with cleft palate affects social and personal attribute judgments made by typically developing children of different ages. Design The study (1) measured the correlation between intelligibility scores of speech samples from children with cleft palate and social and personal attribute judgments made by typically developing children based on these samples and (2) compared the attitude judgments made by children of different ages. Participants A total of 90 typically developing children, 30 in each of three age groups (7 to 8 years, 9 to 10 years, and 11 to 12 years). Outcome Measures Speech intelligibility scores and typically developing children s attitudes were measured using eight social and personal attributes on a three-point rating scale. Results There was a significant correlation between the speech intelligibility scores and attitude judgments for a number of traits: “sick-healthy” as rated by the children aged 7 to 8 years, “no friends-friends” by the children aged 9 to 10 years, and “ugly-good looking” and “no friends-friends” by the children aged 11 to 12 years. Children aged 7 to 8 years gave significantly lower ratings for “mean-kind” but higher ratings for “shy-outgoing” when compared with the other two groups. Conclusions Typically developing children tended to make negative social and personal attribute judgments about children with cleft palate based solely on the intelligibility of their speech. Society, educators, and health professionals should work together to ensure that children with cleft palate are not stigmatized by their peers.
Velopharyngeal Structural and Functional Assessment of Speech in Young Children Using Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Perry Jamie L. , Kuehn David P. , Sutton Bradley P. , Fang Xiangming 
Published: March 2016

Objective The purpose of this study was to demonstrate a novel method for examining the velopharyngeal mechanism using static and dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at the sentence-level production in young children with normal anatomy. This study examined whether velopharyngeal events occurring in the midsagittal plane are correlated to muscle events occurring along the plane of velopharyngeal closure. Adenoid involvement in velopharyngeal function was also explored. Methods A high-resolution, T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo three-dimensional anatomical scan was used to acquire static velopharyngeal data and a fast-gradient echo fast low angle shot multishot spiral technique (15.8 frames per second) was used to acquire dynamic data on 11 children between 4 and 9 years old. Results Changes in velar knee height from rest to the bilabial /p/ production was strongly correlated with changes in the velar configuration ( r = 0.680, P = .021) and levator muscle contraction ( r = 0.703, P = .016). Velar configuration was highly correlated to levator muscle changes ( r = 0.685, P = .020). Mean alpha angle during bilabial /p/ production was 176°, which demonstrated that subjects achieve velopharyngeal closure at or just below the palatal plane. Subjects with a larger adenoid pad used significantly less ( r = –0.660, P = .027) levator muscle contraction compared with individuals with smaller adenoids. Conclusions This study demonstrates a potentially useful technique in dynamic MRI that does not rely on cyclic repetitions or sustained phonation. This study lends support to the clinical potential of dynamic MRI methods for cleft palate management.
A Longitudinal Study of the Presence of Dental Anomalies in the Primary and Permanent Dentitions of Cleft Lip and/or Palate Patients
Authors: Suzuki Akira , Nakano Masayuki , Yoshizaki Keigo , Yasunaga Atsushi , Haruyama Naoto , Takahashi Ichiro 
Published: March 2016

Objective The aim is to survey primary and permanent dental anomalies: hypodontia, microdontia, a supernumerary tooth, and fused teeth in patients with cleft lip and/or palate. Design Retrospective longitudinal study Subjects The subjects were selected from all 1724 patients with cleft lip and/or palate who were registered at the orthodontic clinic of Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan, from 1970 to 2009. Finally, 994 subjects were evaluated for primary dentition, 1352 for permanent dentition, and 871 for the longitudinal changes from primary to permanent dentition. Methods The prevalence of dental anomalies was compared for each tooth type, among various cleft types, between males and females, and between the alveolar cleft area and the noncleft area. Results The prevalence of hypodontia was 16.2% for primary dentition and 52.7% for permanent dentition in the subjects with cleft lip and/or palate. Hypodontia increased with the severity of the cleft type. Multiple hypodontia was found more frequently in the subjects with bilateral cleft lip and palate and the subjects with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Microformed lateral incisors were found in 22.7% of permanent lateral incisors but not in primary dentition. Supernumerary teeth were found in 17.7% of the subjects with cleft lip and/or palate for primary maxillary dentition and in 5.7% for permanent maxillary dentition. Conclusion The prevalence of hypodontia was greater in permanent dentition than in primary dentition; although, it was not much different between males and females or between the right and left sides. The prevalence of dental anomalies was significantly different among four groups by cleft type: cleft lip, cleft lip and alveolus, cleft lip and palate, and cleft palate.
O “Estado da Arte” da produção acadêmica sobre o fenômeno da judicialização da saúde no Brasil
Authors: Bittencourt Guaraci Bragança 
Published: March 2016

A saúde é um tema muito estudado no Brasil, haja vista a grande quantidade de estudos nos campos da saúde pública, saúde coletiva, epidemiologia, bioética, dentre tantos outros. No entanto, o tema da saúde, como um direito, pode ser considerado uma temática recente. Este trabalho realizou uma análise da produção acadêmica, entre os anos de 2010 e 2014 sobre judicialização da saúde, por meio de revisão de literatura, realizada em dois bancos de dados. A produção acadêmica no Brasil tem se dedicado ao estudo do fenômeno da judicialização do direito à saúde, enquanto direito fundamental social constitucionalizado, por meio de duas correntes de pensamento distintas: uma que vê no ativismo político do judiciário um empecilho para a efetivação do direito à saúde, enquanto direito coletivo, e outra, que atribui a este fenômeno uma forma de ampliação da cidadania e fortalecimento da democracia. A produção acadêmica brasileira tem contribuído para a superação de uma visão polarizada sobre a judicialização da saúde e promove um avanço em um caminho de produção de um “saber-fazer” interdisciplinar e integrado.
Espaço e espaços
Authors: Walty Ivete Lara Camargos , Mendes Nancy Maria 
Published: March 2016

Resumo: Tomando o espaço como possível elemento operacionalizador de análises de narrativas, o artigo procura sistematizar os diversos aspectos espaciais registrados nos textos: o geográfico, o social, o político, o moral, o mítico, o psíquico, o existencial.Résumé: Tout en considérant l'espace comme un élément opérationnelcapable de rendre compte des analyses du récit, cet article essaie de systématiser les divers aspects relatifs à l'espace , rencontrés dans les textes: l'aspect géographique, sociel, politique, moral, mythique, psychique et existentiel.
O realismo oblíquo do Roberto Drummond
Authors: Bastos Alcmeno 
Published: March 2016

Resumo: A História, considerada como disciplina, formou-se no culto do excepcional. O "romance histórico", correspondente literário dessa concepção redutora da trajetória do homem, construiu um passado nacional heróico, por vezes francamente mítico, como no caso do indianismo brasileiro, por exemplo.Com a "democratização" do fato histórico, são também "históricos" os fatos e os homens comuns do cotidiano. Deste modo, a narrativa contemporânea tem-se ocupado menos do passado remoto que do fato político atual.Na literatura brasileira, dentre os narradores que se têm interessado pela matéria de extração histórica, singulariza-se Roberto Drummond por submeter a História a uma semiotização oblíqua. Os elementos verídicos - fatos, personagens, instituições etc. - dos quais são aproveitadas apenas as "marcas registradas", são inseridos num universo marcado, simultaneamente, pela veridicidade das "marcas" (donde o realismo) e pela inveridicidade/inverossimilhança das situações narradas, que estão a meio caminho do documentário e da ficção.Résumé: Considerée comme discipline, l'Histoires s'est formée dans le culte de l'exceptionnel. Le "roman historique", correspondant littéraire de cette conception réductrice de la trajectoire de l'homme, a construit un passé national héroíque, parfois franchement mythique, comme c'est le cas de l'indianisme brésilien, par example.Avec la "démocratisation" du fait historique, sont aussi "historiques" les faits et les hommes simples du quotidien. De cette façon, le récit contemporain s'occupe moins du passé lointain que du fait politique de nos jours.Dans la littérature brésilienne, parmi les narrateurs qui se sont interessés à la matière de fond historique Roberto Drummond se singularise, car il soumet l'Histoire à une sémiotisation oblique. Les éléments véridiques - faits , personeges, institutions, etc. - dont on extrait , seulement , les "trades marks" - sont inserés dans l'universe marqué, simultanément, par la véridicité des "marques" (d'ou le réalisme) et par l' inveridicté / invraisemblance des situations narrées, à mi-chemin du documentaire et de la fiction.