bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association between MRI-defined osteoarthritis, pain, function and strength 3–10 years following knee joint injury in youth sport
Authors: Whittaker Jackie L , Toomey Clodagh M , Woodhouse Linda J , Jaremko Jacob L , Nettel-Aguirre Alberto , Emery Carolyn A 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundYouth and young adults who participate in sport have an increased risk of knee injury and subsequent osteoarthritis. Improved understanding of the relationship between structural and clinical outcomes postinjury could inform targeted osteoarthritis prevention interventions. This secondary analysis examines the association between MRI-defined osteoarthritis and self-reported and functional outcomes, 3–10 years following youth sport-related knee injury in comparison to healthy controls.MethodsParticipants included a subsample (n=146) of the Alberta Youth Prevention of Early Osteoarthritis cohort: specifically, 73 individuals with 3–10years history of sport-related intra-articular knee injury and 73 age-matched, sex-matched and sport-matched controls with completed MRI studies. Outcomes included: MRI-defined osteoarthritis, radiographic osteoarthritis, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, Intermittent and Constant Osteoarthritis Pain, knee extensor/flexor strength, triple-hop and Y-balance test. Descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression were used to compare those with and without MRI-defined osteoarthritis. Associations between MRI-defined osteoarthritis and each outcome were assessed using multivariable linear regression considering the influence of injury history, sex, body mass index and time since injury.ResultsParticipant median age was 23 years (range 15–27), and 63% were female. MRI-defined osteoarthritis varied by injury history, injury type and surgical history and was not isolated to participants with ACL and/or meniscal injuries. Those with a previous knee injury had 10-fold (95% CI 2.3 to 42.8) greater odds of MRI-defined osteoarthritis than uninjured participants. MRI-defined osteoarthritis was independently significantly associated with quality of life, but not symptoms, strength or function.SummaryMRI-detected structural changes 3– 10 years following youth sport-related knee injury may not dictate clinical symptomatology, strength or function but may influence quality of life.
Stair ascending–descending exercise accelerates the decrease in postprandial hyperglycemia more efficiently than bicycle exercise
Authors: Takaishi Tetsuo , Hayashi Tatsuya 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveStair climbing–descending exercise (ST-EX) is a convenient method to increase exercise intensity. We compared the acute effect of ST-EX on lowering postprandial hyperglycemia with that of constant bicycle exercise (BI-EX) performed at the same heart rate (HR).Research design and methodsSeven people with type 2 diabetes and seven with impaired glucose tolerance volunteered for this study. The step rate for ST-EX and work rate for BI-EX were individually determined to correspond to high-moderate to low-vigorous intensity (HR ~130 beats per minute). For the ST-EX trial, the subjects performed 16 repetitions of walking down one flight of stairs followed by climbing up to the starting point (~8 min in duration) 90 min after consuming a test meal. For the BI-EX trial, the subjects performed a constant pedaling exercise for the same duration at the same time after the meal.ResultsThe reduction in blood glucose (BG) level between 90 and 105 min after a meal was significantly greater for ST-EX (–4.0±0.7mmol/L) than for BI-EX (–2.7±0.9mmol/L). The net reduction in BG between 90 and 105 min was also significantly greater for ST-EX (–3.2±0.7mmol/L) than for BI-EX (–2.0±0.6mmol/L). Serum insulin levels did not differ between the groups. Oxygen consumption for ST-EX was higher than that for BI-EX, but the blood lactate level and respiratory exchange ratio (RER) for ST-EX were lower than those for BI-EX.ConclusionsCompared with BI-EX performed at the same HR, ST-EX more rapidly decreased postprandial BG level with lower blood lactate and RER responses. A short bout of ST-EX may be clinically useful to acutely ameliorate BG levels after meals.
Statin use and risk of developing diabetes: results from the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Crandall Jill P , Mather Kieren , Rajpathak Swapnil N , Goldberg Ronald B , Watson Karol , Foo Sandra , Ratner Robert , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Temprosa Marinella 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveSeveral clinical trials of cardiovascular disease prevention with statins have reported increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) with statin therapy. However, participants in these studies were at relatively low risk for diabetes. Further, diabetes was often based on self-report and was not the primary outcome. It is unknown whether statins similarly modify diabetes risk in higher risk populations.Research design and methodsDuring the Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study (n=3234), the long-term follow-up to a randomized clinical trial of interventions to prevent T2DM, incident diabetes was assessed by annual 75 g oral glucose tolerance testing and semiannual fasting glucose. Lipid profile was measured annually, with statin treatment determined by a participant’s own physician outside of the protocol. Statin use was assessed at baseline and semiannual visits.ResultsAt 10 years, the cumulative incidence of statin initiation prior to diabetes diagnosis was 33%–37% among the randomized treatment groups (p=0.36). Statin use was associated with greater diabetes risk irrespective of treatment group, with pooled HR (95% CI) for incident diabetes of 1.36 (1.17 to 1.58). This risk was not materially altered by adjustment for baseline diabetes risk factors and potential confounders related to indications for statin therapy.ConclusionsIn this population at high risk for diabetes, we observed significantly higher rates of diabetes with statin therapy in all three treatment groups. Confounding by indication for statin use does not appear to explain this relationship. The effect of statins to increase diabetes risk appears to extend to populations at high risk for diabetes.Trial registration numberNCT00038727; Results.
Pilot study for the registry of complications in rheumatic diseases from the German Society of Surgery (DGORh): evaluation of methods and data from the first 1000 patients
Authors: Kostuj Tanja , Rehart Stefan , Matta-Hurtado Ronald , Biehl Christoph , Willburger Roland E , Schmidt Klaus 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveMost patients suffering with rheumatic diseases who undergo surgical treatment are receiving immune-modulating therapy. To determine whether these medications affect their outcomes a national registry was established in Germany by the German Society of Surgery (DGORh). Data from the first 1000 patients were used in a pilot study to identify relevant corisk factors and to determine whether such a registry is suitable for developing accurate and relevant recommendations.Design and participantsData were collected from patients undergoing surgical treatments with their written consent. A second consent form was used, if complications occurred. During this pilot study, in order to obtain a quicker overview, risk factors were considered only in patients with complications. Only descriptive statistical analysis was employed in this pilot study due to limited number of observed complications and inhomogeneous data regarding the surgery and the medications the patients received. Analytical statistics will be performed to confirm the results in a future outcome study.ResultsComplications occurred in 26 patients and were distributed equally among the different types of surgeries. Twenty one of these patients were receiving immune-modulating therapy at the time, while five were not. Infections were observed in 2.3% of patients receiving and in 5.1% not receiving immunosuppression.ConclusionsDue to the low number of cases, inhomogeneity in the diseases and the treatments received by the patients in this pilot study, it is not possible to develop standardised best-practice recommendations to optimise their care. Based on this observation we conclude that in order to be suitable to develop accurate and relevant recommendations a national registry must include the most important and relevant variables that impact the care and outcomes of these patients.
Post-abortion care with misoprostol – equally effective, safe and accepted when administered by midwives compared to physicians: a randomised controlled equivalence trial in a low-resource setting in Kenya
Authors: Makenzius Marlene , Oguttu Monica , Klingberg-Allvin Marie , Gemzell-Danielsson Kristina , Odero Theresa M A , Faxelid Elisabeth 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveTo assess the effectiveness of midwives administering misoprostol to women with incomplete abortion seeking post-abortion care (PAC), compared with physicians.DesignA multicentre randomised controlled equivalence trial. The study was not masked.SettingsGynaecological departments in two hospitals in a low-resource setting, Kenya.PopulationWomen (n=1094) with incomplete abortion in the first trimester, seeking PAC between 1 June 2013 to 31 May 2016. Participants were randomly assigned to receive treatment from midwives or physicians. 409 and 401 women in the midwife and physician groups, respectively, were included in the per-protocol analysis.Interventions600 µg misoprostol orally, and contraceptive counselling by a physician or midwife.Main outcome measuresComplete abortion not needing surgical intervention within 7–10 days. The main outcome was analysed on the per-protocol population with a generalised estimating equation model. The predefined equivalence range was –4% to 4%. Secondary outcomes were analysed descriptively.ResultsThe proportion of complete abortion was 94.8% (768/810): 390 (95.4%) in the midwife group and 378 (94.3%) in the physician group. The proportion of incomplete abortion was 5.2% (42/810), similarly distributed between midwives and physicians. The model-based risk difference for midwives versus physicians was 1.0% (–4.1 to 2.2). Most women felt safe (97%; 779/799), and 93% (748/801) perceived the treatment as expected/easier than expected. After contraceptive counselling the uptake of a contraceptive method after 7–10 days occurred in 76% (613/810). No serious adverse events were recorded.ConclusionsTreatment of incomplete abortion with misoprostol provided by midwives is equally effective, safe and accepted by women as when administered by physicians in a low-resource setting. Systematically provided contraceptive counselling in PAC is effective to mitigate unmet need for contraception.Trial registration numberNCT01865136; Results.
Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza in 2015–2016: a hospital-based test-negative case–control study in Lithuania
Authors: Kuliese Monika , Jancoriene Ligita , Grimalauskaite Rita , Zablockiene Birute , Damuleviciene Gyte , Velyvyte Daiva , Lesauskaite Vita , Ambrozaitis Arvydas , Mickiene Aukse , Gefenaite Giedre 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveA case–control study was conducted to assess seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness (SIVE) during the 2015–2016 influenza season.MethodsA study was performed in three departments in Lithuania between 1 December 2015 and 1 May 2016. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics including influenza vaccination status were collected from the patients recommended to receive the seasonal influenza vaccine. Influenza virus infection was confirmed by multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) .ResultsNinety-one (56.4%) of the 163 included subjects were ≥65 years old. Fifteen (9.2%) subjects were vaccinated against influenza at least 2 weeks before the onset of influenza symptoms, 12 of them were ≥65 years old. Of the 72 (44.2%) influenza virus positive cases, 65 (39.9%) were confirmed with influenza A (including 50 cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09), eight (4.9%) were confirmed with influenza B and one was a co-infection. Unadjusted SIVE against any influenza, influenza type A and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was 57% (95% CI −41% to 87%), 52% (95% CI −57% to 85%) and 70% (95% CI −43% to 94%) respectively.ConclusionAlthough SIVE estimates were not statistically significant the point estimates suggest moderate effectiveness against influenza type A.
Organisational and extraorganisational determinants of volume of service delivery by English community pharmacies: a cross-sectional survey and secondary data analysis
Authors: Hann Mark , Schafheutle Ellen I , Bradley Fay , Elvey Rebecca , Wagner Andrew , Halsall Devina , Hassell Karen , Jacobs Sally 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the organisational and extraorganisational factors associated with existing variation in the volume of services delivered by community pharmacies.Design and settingLinear and ordered logistic regression of linked national data from secondary sources—community pharmacy activity, socioeconomic and health need datasets—and primary data from a questionnaire survey of community pharmacies in nine diverse geographical areas in England.Outcome measuresAnnual dispensing volume; annual volume of medicines use reviews (MURs).ResultsNational dataset (n=10 454 pharmacies): greater dispensing volume was significantly associated with pharmacy ownership type (large chains>independents>supermarkets), greater deprivation, higher local prevalence of cardiovascular disease and depression, older people (aged >75 years) and infants (aged 0–4 years) but lower prevalence of mental health conditions. Greater volume of MURs was significantly associated with pharmacy ownership type (large chains/supermarkets>>independents), greater dispensing volume, and lower disease prevalence.Survey dataset (n=285 pharmacies; response=34.6%): greater dispensing volume was significantly associated with staffing, skill-mix, organisational culture, years open and greater deprivation. Greater MUR volume was significantly associated with pharmacy ownership type (large chains/supermarkets>>independents), greater dispensing volume, weekly opening hours and lower asthma prevalence.ConclusionsOrganisational and extraorganisational factors were found to impact differently on dispensing volume and MUR activity, the latter being driven more by corporate ownership than population need. While levels of staffing and skill-mix were associated with dispensing volume, they did not influence MUR activity. Despite recent changes to the contractual framework, the existing fee-for-service reimbursement may therefore not be the most appropriate for the delivery of cognitive (rather than supply) services, still appearing to incentivise quantity over the quality (in terms of appropriate targeting) of services delivered. Future research should focus on the development of quality measures that could be incorporated into community pharmacy reimbursement mechanisms.
Protocol for a prospective interventional trial to develop a diagnostic index test for stroke as a cause of vertigo, dizziness and imbalance in the emergency room (EMVERT study)
Authors: Möhwald Ken , Bardins Stanislavs , Müller Hans-Helge , Jahn Klaus , Zwergal Andreas 
Published: October 2017

IntroductionIdentifying stroke as a cause of acute vertigo, dizziness and imbalance in the emergency room is still a clinical challenge. Many patients are admitted to stroke units, but only a minority will have strokes. This imposes a heavy financial burden on the healthcare system. The aim of this study is to develop a diagnostic index test to identify patients with a high risk of having a stroke as the cause of acute vertigo and imbalance.Methods and analysisPatients with acute onset of vertigo, dizziness, postural imbalance or double vision within the last 24 hours lasting for at least 10 min are eligible to be included in the study. Patients with clinically proven peripheral or central aetiology will be excluded. In the emergency room, all enrolled patients will undergo standardised neuro-ophthalmological/physiological testing (including video-oculography, mobile posturography, measurement of subjective visual vertical) (EMVERT block 1). Within 10 days, standardised MRI will be performed as a reference test to identify stroke (EMVERT block 2). Data from EMVERT block 2 will be compared with results from block 1 in order to devise a diagnostic index test with a high specificity and sensitivity to predict the risk of stroke in the emergency room.Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethics committee of the University of Munich and will be conducted according to the Guideline for Good Clinical Practice, the Federal Data Protecting Act and the Helsinki Declaration of the World Medical Association in its recent version. Study results are expected to be published in international peer-reviewed journals and will be presented at international conferences.Trial registration numberGerman Clinical Trial Register: DRKS00008992; Universal trial number: U1111-1172-8719); pre-results.
Effectiveness of child restraints and booster legislation in Israel
Authors: Nazif-Munoz José I , Blank-Gommel Aharon , Shor Eran 
Published: October 2017

Introduction96 countries in the world have enacted child restraints and booster legislation (CRBL). Yet, findings regarding the effectiveness of CRBLs are mixed. The current study is the first to examine the association between Israel’s CRBL, implemented in November 2004, and the traffic injury and fatality rates among children aged 0–9 years. We extend on previous studies by accounting for risk exposure and by comparing populations of children affected by the legislation to those who were not.MethodsWe used an interrupted time series design of kilometre driven-based traffic injury rates for children aged 0–4 years and children aged 5–9 years using childred aged 10–14 years as a comparison group. We estimated the effects of Israel’s CRBL using monthly injury and fatality count data from the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics. The sample includes all child vehicle occupants injured and killed in crashes in Israel between January 2003 and December 2011.ResultsChildren aged 0–4 years experienced a 5.17% yearly reduction in traffic injury rate (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 0.94(95% CI 0.92 to 0.96); p=0.000), and the injury rate for children aged 5–9 years was associated with a 4.10% yearly reduction (IRR: 0.95(95% CI 0.93 to 0.98); p=0.001). The comprehensive CRBL implemented in Israel was associated with a 6.3% (95% CI −7.2% to5.5%; p=0.001) reduction in traffic injuries and fatalities for children aged 0–9 years.ConclusionThis is the first study comparing traffic injury rates per kilometre driven for motor vehicle-occupant children before and after the implementation of the CRBL in Israel.
The use of the RenalGuard system in cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass: a first in man prospective, observational, feasibility pilot study
Authors: Luckraz Heyman , Giri Ramesh , Wrigley Benmjamin , Hennessy Anne-Marie , Nicholas Johann , Nevill Alan 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesAs proof of concept, this prospective, observational study assessed the feasibility and early clinical outcomes of performing on-pump cardiac surgery with the RenalGuard system.BackgroundAcute kidney injury (AKI) is reported in up to 30% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and is a recognised independent predictor of both morbidity and mortality. Forced diuresis with the RenalGuard system reduces the incidence of AKI during percutaneous coronary intervention procedures but its use in cardiac surgery has not been explored.MethodsTen consecutive patients who were at risk of developing AKI during cardiac surgery were selected. The RenalGuard system was used to facilitate forced diuresis using weight-adjusted intravenous furosemide while maintaining neutral fluid balance by matched intravenous fluid replacement. This regimen was initiated preoperatively in all patients and continued for 6–12 hours postoperatively. Serum creatinine, electrolytes and need for renal replacement were documented in all patients.ResultsThe RenalGuard system functioned successfully in all patients and facilitated high perioperative urine outputs, even when patients were placed on cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). There were no incidences of significant (A) electrolyte imbalance, (B) changes in haemoglobin levels or (C) pulmonary oedema. No patients developed AKI within 36 hours of surgery despite one patient developing cardiac tamponade 8 hours postoperatively and one patient developing paralytic ileus. One patient, however, was ‘electively’ haemofiltered on day 2 after developing acute right ventricular failure. The median intensive care stay was 1.5 (1, 5) days.ConclusionThe RenalGuard system can be used successfully in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB and may reduce the incidence of AKI in at-risk patients.Trial registrationNCT02974946; Pre-results.
A study of dynamical evolution of small two-dimensional Copper islands’ diffusion on Ag(111) surface and observed surface effects
Authors: Hayat Sardar Sikandar , Rehman Zakirur , Shah Zulfiqar Ali 
Published: October 2017

We study the diffusion of two-dimensional [Formula: see text] islands on Ag(1[Formula: see text]1[Formula: see text]1) surface using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The work is the extension of calculations of monomer and dimer Hayat et al. [Phys. Rev. B 82 (2010) 085411] and trimer results Shah et al. [Phys. Lett. A 378 (2014) 1732]. Simulations carried out at three different temperatures — 300, 500, and 700 K — show the concerted motion to be dominant for the smaller islands (2- to 4-atoms), while the shape-changing multiple-atom processes are responsible for the diffusion of larger islands. Arrhenius plots of the diffusion coefficients reveal that the effective energy barrier is less than [Formula: see text] meV for the largest island size of Cu/Ag(1[Formula: see text]1[Formula: see text]1). There is a scaling of the effective energy barrier with size to some extent, but most notably it remains constant for islands with 4- to 6-atoms. The diffusion coefficient increases within a factor of 10 at the three temperatures 300, 500, and 700 K. The observed anharmonic features of the [Formula: see text] adislands (breakage and pop–up) at Ag(1[Formula: see text]1[Formula: see text]1) surface as well as the surface anharmonicity of the Ag-substrate (fissures, dislocations, vacancy generation, and atomic exchange), are also presented. These findings can serve as an input for kinetic Monte Carlo (KMC) simulations. For the smaller sized islands the variation in the effective energy barrier with the island size is in good agreement with the experimental findings.
Structural and electrical properties of Cu-doped Ni–Zn nanocrystalline ferrites for MLCI applications
Authors: Venkatesh D. , Ramesh K. V. 
Published: October 2017

Polycrystalline Cu substituted Ni–Zn ferrites with chemical composition Ni[Formula: see text]Zn[Formula: see text]-Cu[Formula: see text]Fe2O4 (x = 0.00 to 0.25 in steps of 0.05) have been prepared by citrate gel autocombustion method. The samples for electrical properties have been sintered at 900[Formula: see text]C for 4 h. The X-ray diffraction patterns of all samples indicate the formation of single phase spinel cubic structure. The value of lattice parameter is decreases with increasing Cu concentration. The estimated cation distribution can be derived from X-ray diffraction intensity calculations and IR spectra. The tetrahedral and octahedral bond lengths, bond angles, cation–cation and cation–anion distances were calculated by using experimental lattice parameter and oxygen positional parameters. It is observed that Cu ions are distributed in octahedral site and subsequently Ni and Fe ions in tetrahedral site. The grain size of all samples has been calculated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images. The variations in DC electrical resistivity and dielectric constant have been explained on the basis of proposed cation distribution.