bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential item functioning in the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pediatric Short Forms in a sample of children and adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Coster Wendy J , Ni Pengsheng , Slavin Mary D , Kisala Pamela A , Nandakumar Ratna , Mulcahey Mary Jane , Tulsky David S , Jette Alan M 
Published: April 2016

AimThe present study examined the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Mobility, Fatigue, and Pain Interference Short Forms (SFs) in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP) for the presence of differential item functioning (DIF) relative to the original calibration sample.MethodUsing the Graded Response Model we compared item parameter estimates generated from a sample of 303 children and adolescents with CP (175 males, 128 females; mean age 15y 5mo) to parameter estimates from the PROMIS calibration sample, which served as the reference group. DIF was assessed in a two‐step process using the item response theory–likelihood ratio–differential item functioning detection procedure.ResultsSignificant DIF was identified for four of eight items in the PROMIS Mobility SF, for two of eight items in the Pain Interference Scale, and for one item out of 10 on the Fatigue Scale. Impact of DIF on total score estimation was notable for Mobility and Pain Interference, but not for Fatigue.InterpretationResults suggest differences in the responses of adolescents with CP to some items on the PROMIS Mobility and Pain Interference SFs. Cognitive interviews about the PROMIS items with adolescents with varying degrees of mobility limitations would provide better understanding of how they are interpreting and selecting responses to the PROMIS items and thus help guide selection of the most appropriate way to address this issue.
Genomics in equine veterinary medicine
Authors: Adam E. N. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryVeterinary medicine is marching forward with genomics grasped firmly in one fist. Genomics has been part of our veterinary tool bag for some time in various guises, but the breadth and depth of its ramifications can be daunting. This article is designed to provide toe‐holds for veterinarians to enjoy a better understanding of genomics – a truly fascinating area of science.
The Transitioning Families Therapeutic Reunification Model in Nonfamilial Abductions
Authors: Judge Abigail M. , Bailey Rebecca , Behrman‐Lippert JoAnn , Bailey Elizabeth , Psaila Cynthia , Dickel Jane 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe existing literature on abduction reunification is limited and evolving. Although guidelines for model service approaches exist, few programs address the unique challenges of reunifying children and families following abduction. This article delineates a family‐based reunification model that has assisted families affected by abduction since 2006. Model components include a team‐centered approach, a stage‐oriented reunification process, and pitfalls and strategies related to intersystem collaboration. We present the value of a family‐systems, solution‐focused, trauma‐informed, and case‐specific approach to therapeutic reunification following child abduction. Evidence that is contrary to the popular notion of Stockholm's syndrome is also marked. Research on the efficacy of therapeutic reunification is essential for the growth of systems equipped to address the dynamic needs of these families. Accordingly, suggestions for evaluation research are proposed.
The Nepalese Himalayas in Prehistoric Context: A Review of their role in Eurasian Exchange Networks and Domestication
Authors: Saul Hayley 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article explores the evidence for settlement and mobility within and across the Nepalese Himalayas, focusing on the period from 30 kya to the emergence of early states in the 1st millennium BC. Although trade routes around the Himalayas, such as those of the silk roads, have shaped a sense of the mountains as a marginal and inaccessible landscape, I argue that the high‐altitude/high‐relief landscape is by no means a barrier to exchange and mobility. Though relatively little archaeological fieldwork has been undertaken in the Himalayas of Nepal, this article presents the tentative evidence for: (1) the movement of prehistoric exchange items and (2) settlement activity and exchange infrastructure. In order to achieve this wider contextual evidence is drawn from East and South Asian exchange networks from the 14th to 1st millennia BC, particularly with respect to plant dispersals, and domestication episodes for which there is increasingly compelling biomolecular evidence. This evidence is collated in order to steer archaeological research questions for the Himalayan region, asking: what evidence is there for the development of settlement, mobility and exchange in the Nepalese Himalayas during prehistory?
School beverage environment and children's energy expenditure associated with physical education class: an agent‐based model simulation
Authors: Chen H.‐J. , Xue H. , Kumanyika S. , Wang Y. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundPhysical activity contributes to children's energy expenditure and prevents excess weight gain, but fluid replacement with sugar‐sweetened beverages (SSBs) may diminish this benefit.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore the net energy expenditure (EE) after physical education (PE) class given the competition between water and SSB consumption for rehydration and explore environmental factors that may influence the net EE, e.g. PE duration, affordability of SSB and students' SSB preference.MethodsWe built an agent‐based model that simulates the behaviour of 13‐year‐old children in a PE class with nearby water fountains and SSB vending machines available.ResultsA longer PE class contributed to greater prevalence of dehydration and required more time for rehydration. The energy cost of a PE class with activity intensity equivalent to 45 min of jogging is about 300 kcal on average, i.e. 10–15% of average 13‐year‐old children's total daily EE. Adding an SSB vending machine could offset PE energy expenditure by as much as 90 kcal per child, which was associated with PE duration, students' pocket money and SSB preference.ConclusionsSugar‐sweetened beverage vending machines in school may offset some of the EE in PE classes. This could be avoided if water is the only readily available source for children's fluid replacement after class.
A novel local search algorithm with configuration checking and scoring mechanism for the set k‐covering problem
Authors: Wang Yiyuan , Yin Minghao , Ouyang Dantong , Zhang Liming 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe set k‐covering problem, an extension of the classical set covering problem, is an important NP‐hard combinatorial optimization problem with extensive applications, including computational biology and wireless network. The aim of this paper is to design a new local search algorithm to solve this problem. First, to overcome the cycling problem in local search, the set k‐covering configuration checking (SKCC) strategy is proposed. Second, we use the cost scheme of elements to define the scoring mechanism so that our algorithm can find different possible good‐quality solutions. Having combined the SKCC strategy with the scoring mechanism, a subset selection strategy is designed to decide which subset should be selected as a candidate solution component. After that, a novel local search framework, as we call DLLccsm (diversion local search based on configuration checking and scoring mechanism), is proposed. DLLccsm is evaluated against two state‐of‐the‐art algorithms. The experimental results show that DLLccsm performs better than its competitors in terms of solution quality in most classical instances.
Computational and structural analysis of the contour of graphs
Authors: Artigas Danilo , Dantas Simone , Oliveira Alonso L. S. , Silva Thiago M. D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLet be a finite, simple, and connected graph. The closed interval of a set is the set of all vertices lying on a shortest path between any pair of vertices of S. The set S is geodetic if . The eccentricity of a vertex v is the number of edges in the greatest shortest path between v and any vertex w of G. A vertex v is a contour vertex if no neighbor of v has eccentricity greater than v. The contour of G is the set formed by the contour vertices of G. We consider two problems: the problem of determining whether the contour of a graph class is geodetic; the problem of determining if there exists a graph such that is not geodetic. We obtain a sufficient condition that is useful for both problems; we prove a realization theorem related to problem and show two infinite families such that is not geodetic. Using computational tools, we establish the minimum graphs for which is not geodetic; and show that all graphs with , and all bipartite graphs with , are such that is geodetic.
Intra‐pocket anaesthesia and pain during probing, scaling and root planing: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wambier Letícia M. , de Geus Juliana L. , Chibinski Ana C. R. , Wambier Denise S. , Rego Rodrigo O. , Loguercio Alessandro D. , Reis Alessandra 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimA systematic review/meta‐analysis was performed to evaluate pain during probing, scaling and root planing using intra‐pocket anaesthesia versus placebo in adult patients.MethodsA search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, Cochrane Library and Grey literature. IADR abstracts, unpublished trials registries, dissertations and theses were also searched for randomized clinical trials comparing the clinical effectiveness of intra‐pocket anaesthesia and placebo. Risk/intensity of pain was the primary outcome. The risk of bias tool from the Cochrane Collaboration was used for quality assessment. Meta‐analysis was performed on studies considered at low risk of bias.ResultsA total of 1740 articles were identified. Eleven remained in the qualitative synthesis, and nine studies were considered at “low” risk of bias for meta‐analysis. Standardized Hedge's g mean difference for pain intensity using visual analogue scale and Heft–Parker pain scales was −0.576 (95% confidence interval [CI] −0.94 to −0.22; p = 0.002) and for verbal rating scale pain scale it was −1.814 (95% CI −3.38 to −0.245; p = 0.023). The odds ratio for the risk of pain was 0.025 (95% CI 0.003 to 0.25; p = 0.002) and the odds ratio for the need for rescue anaesthesia it was 0.358 (95% CI 0.174 to 0.736; p = 0.005).ConclusionsThe anaesthetic gel decreases the risk and intensity of pain during probing/SRP.
Low Self‐Reported Function Predicts Adverse Postoperative Course in Veterans Affairs Beneficiaries Undergoing Total Hip and Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Kapoor Alok , Chew Priscilla W. , Reisman Joel I. , Berlowitz Dan R. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesTo measure association between self‐reported function and an adverse postoperative course and improvement in performance on the American College of Surgeons Universal Risk Calculator (ACS calculator) with inclusion of self‐reported function available through the Veteran Rand‐12 based Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores.DesignCohort analysis.SettingVeteran Affairs health system.ParticipantsSurgeries (n = 3,503) for older male veterans undergoing hip and knee replacement from 2002 to 2009.MeasurementsSerious complication (per ACS definition), discharge to facility, readmission, and death within 30 days after surgery as a function of PCS and MCS; comparison of prediction of net reclassification index (NRI) for serious complication using a modified version of the ACS calculator with prediction using the ACS calculator with MCS and PCS added.ResultsBeing in the lowest PCS quartile (vs highest quartile) predicted more than twice the risk of a serious complication (odds ratio (OR) = 2.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.44–3.58), twice the risk of discharge to facility (OR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.39–2.79), and almost twice the risk of readmission (OR = 1.80, 95% CI = 1.37–2.36). The lowest quartile of MCS predicted each outcome, although to a lesser extent than PCS. The enhanced model had a NRI of 29.4% (95% CI = 15.4–43.3%), reflecting that 20.8% of events were appropriately upgraded and 8.6% of nonevents appropriately downgraded.ConclusionLow PCS and MCS predicted an adverse postoperative course and enhanced the ACS calculator. Clinicians evaluating older adults undergoing orthopedic surgery could enhance the accuracy of their assessments by including self‐reported functional status.
Exploring metameric variation in human molars: a morphological study using morphometric mapping
Authors: Morita Wataru , Morimoto Naoki , Ohshima Hayato 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHuman molars exhibit a type of metameric variation, which is the difference in serially repeated morphology within an organism. Various theories have been proposed to explain how this variation is brought about in the molars. Actualistic data that support the theories, however, are still relatively scarce because of methodological limitations. Here we propose new methods to analyse detailed tooth crown morphologies. We applied morphometric mapping to the enamel–dentine junction of human maxillary molars and examined whether odontogenetic models were adaptable to human maxillary molars. Our results showed that the upper first molar is phenotypically distinct among the maxillary molars. The average shape of the upper first molar is characterized by four well‐defined cusps and precipitous surface relief of the occlusal table. On the other hand, upper third molar is characterized by smooth surface relief of the occlusal table and shows greater shape variation and distinct distribution patterns in morphospace. The upper second molar represents an intermediate state between first and third molar. Size‐related shape variation was investigated by the allometric vector analysis, and it appeared that human maxillary molars tend to converge toward the shape of the upper first molar as the size increases. Differences between the upper first molar and the upper second and third molar can thus be largely explained as an effect of allometry. Collectively, these results indicate that the observed pattern of metameric variation in human molars is consistent with odontogenetic models of molar row structure (inhibitory cascade model) and molar crown morphology (patterning cascade model). This study shows that morphometric mapping is a useful tool to visualize and quantify the morphological features of teeth, which can provide the basis for a better understanding of tooth evolution linking morphology and development.
Effects of anti‐β2‐GPI antibodies on cytokine production in normal first‐trimester trophoblast cells
Authors: Azuma Hiromitsu , Yamamoto Tatsuo , Chishima Fumihisa 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimThe anti‐β2‐GPI antibody (aβ2‐GPIAb) has been detected in recurrent fetal loss with strong pathogenic activity. The effects of aβ2‐GPIAb on cytokine production and aβ2‐GPIAb binding sites in first‐trimester trophoblast cells were evaluated.MethodsFirst‐trimester trophoblast cells were cultured in 24‐well tissue culture plates with immunoglobulin G (IgG) obtained from aβ2‐GPIAb‐positive and aβ2‐GPIAb‐negative serum. Cytokines in the cultured supernatant were measured using the suspension array system and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. To identify potential binding sites for aβ2‐GPIAb, such as toll‐like receptors (TLR) 2 or TLR4, we used mouse monoclonal anti‐TLR2 and/or anti‐TLR4 antibodies to inhibit TLR and then measured cytokine production.ResultsThe production of cytokines, such as interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8, increased more in response to aβ2‐GPIAb‐positive IgG than to aβ2‐GPIAb‐negative IgG in trophoblast cells. The secretion of cytokines from trophoblast cells decreased when the TLR were blocked with mouse monoclonal anti‐TLR2 and anti‐TLR4 antibodies.ConclusionWe suspect that aβ2‐GPIAb might increase cytokine production by binding to TLR2 or TLR4. The increased cytokine production in response to aβ2‐GPIAb might play a role in the increased inflammatory response in the placenta.
Urinary protein‐to‐creatinine ratio indicative of significant proteinuria in normotensive pregnant women
Authors: Baba Yosuke , Ohkuchi Akihide , Usui Rie , Takahashi Hironori , Matsubara Shigeki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimIn hypertensive pregnant women, the protein‐to‐creatinine (P/C) ratio is well correlated with 24‐h proteinuria and a P/C ratio of 0.27 (g/gCr) is used to reflect significant proteinuria (>0.3 g/day). The aim of this study was to obtain data on normotensive pregnant women, which have so far been lacking.MethodsThe study population consisted of 74 pregnant women who met the following criteria: (i) ≥22 gestational weeks; (ii) a positive result (≥1+) on dipstick test; (iii) a positive result (>0.27) for P/C ratio; and (iv) 24‐h urine test performed within 2 days of the P/C ratio. The correlation between the P/C ratio and 24‐h proteinuria, the incidence rates of significant proteinuria according to P/C ratios, and appropriate threshold of the P/C ratio to rule in significant proteinuria were determined using the appropriate statistical methods.ResultsThe P/C ratio was moderately correlated with the 24‐h proteinuria, with a correlation coefficient of 0.64 (95% confidence interval, 0.487–0.76). The area under the receiver–operator curve was 0.76 (95% confidence interval, 0.66–0.87); however, no clear shoulder was identifiable. The incidence rates of significant proteinuria according to P/C ratios of 0.27–0.49, 0.50–0.74, 0.75–0.99, and >1 were 41, 66, 100, and 100%, respectively, indicating that all normotensive pregnant women with a P/C ratio > 0.75 had significant proteinuria.ConclusionNormotensive pregnant women showed a significant correlation between the P/C ratio and 24‐h urine protein level. All normotensive pregnant women with a P/C ratio > 0.75 had significant proteinuria, suggesting that a P/C ratio > 0.75 may be the ‘rule‐in’ threshold of significant proteinuria in this population.
Role of Anxiety as a Trait and State in Youth With Mild Intellectual Disability: Coping With Difficult Situations
Authors: Kurtek Paweł 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlthough social integration of youths with intellectual disabilities improves their psychological adaptation, it nevertheless exposes them to a higher risk of stress. The author's goal was to verify the regulatory role of anxiety, respectively, as a trait and as a state in youth with mild intellectual disability who are coping with difficult situations. The study, involving a group of 120 students at the Education and Rearing Center in Kielce (Poland), used two psychological methods pertaining to a cognitive paradigm. The first was the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (ISCL—Polish version of STAI) and the other was the self‐description technique of the authorship “That's Life,” devised with the aim of revealing either task strategies or emotional and avoidant strategies adopted by the respondents. The tools are matched to specific cognitive abilities and social experiences typical of youth with mild intellectual disability. Correlative research model was applied. The results of linear regression and variance analyses showed the regulatory role of the state anxiety for youth with mild intellectual disability with reference to coping strategies. A higher intensity of anxiety stimulated their defensive activity, especially in the context of ambivalent conflicts, whereas a decrease in state anxiety led to their employing task‐focused strategies. The results should encourage the development and application of anxiety‐reducing techniques based on cognitive confrontation to activate task‐oriented coping.
Hydrocortisone in the management of acute hypoadrenocorticism in dogs: a retrospective series of 30 cases
Authors: Gunn E. , Shiel R. E. , Mooney C. T. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesThe objectives of this study were to describe the efficacy, outcome and adverse effects of intravenous hydrocortisone and fluid therapy for the management of acute hypoadrenocorticism in dogs.MethodsA retrospective review of dogs with primary hypoadrenocorticism receiving intravenous hydrocortisone and fluid therapy was performed.ResultsThirty newly‐diagnosed dogs were included. There was an excellent clinical response, with all dogs surviving to discharge within a median of 2 days. In 23 cases with complete data, the mean rate of change of sodium over 24 hours was 0·48 (±0·28) mmol/L/hour, while the mean rate of change of potassium was −0·12 (±0·06) mmol/L/hour. Circulating potassium concentration normalised in 68·4% and 100% of cases of by 12 and 24 hours, respectively. Additional treatment for hyperkalaemia was not found necessary. Plasma sodium concentration increased by >12 mmol/L/24 hours on 7 of 23 (30·4%) occasions. One dog exhibited associated temporary neurological signs.Clinical SignificanceIntravenous hydrocortisone infusion and fluid therapy for the management of acute hypoadrenocorticism is associated with a rapid resolution of hyperkalaemia and is well tolerated with few adverse effects. Regular electrolyte monitoring is required to ensure that rapid increases in sodium concentration are avoided.
Assessment of wound bio‐burden and prevalence of multi‐drug resistant bacteria during open wound management
Authors: Nolff M. C. , Reese S. , Fehr M. , Dening R. , Meyer‐Lindenberg A. 
Published: April 2016

Objective
To describe the bacterial bio‐burden of open‐treated wounds and make comparisons with bite wounds.Design
Retrospective multicentre study.Sample
Microbial culture between 2011 and 2013 from open‐treated wounds in dogs and cats (initiation of therapy n=88, follow‐up n=52) were compared to those from bite wounds (n=184).Procedures
Bacteria were identified and tested for antibiotic susceptibility by two accredited laboratories.Results
In total, 77/88 (88%) of open‐treated wounds yielded positive bacterial cultures at the beginning of treatment, decreasing to 27/52 (52%) during treatment. Upon initial evaluation, 42/88 (48 %) of open‐treated wounds were considered infected with multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria, with a drop to 22/52 (41%) during therapy. Bite wounds yielded fewer positive cultures 88/184 (48%) with only 11/182 (6%) being affected by multi‐drug‐resistant bacteria. Bacteria found most commonly in open‐treated wounds were Enterococcus subspecies, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.Conclusion
The bacterial populations of open‐treated wounds differed markedly from the bite wounds. The high incidence of multi‐drug‐resistant strains in open wounds highlights the need for alternatives to antibiotics.