bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Relationship of Ancient and Modern Populations
Authors: Schraiber Joshua G 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSequencing DNA from deceased individuals can inform whether the individuals that currently live in a location are descended from individuals that.....Genetic material sequenced from ancient samples is revolutionizing our understanding of the recent evolutionary past. However, ancient DNA is often degraded, resulting in low coverage, error-prone sequencing. Several solutions exist to this problem, ranging from simple approach, such as selecting a read at random for each site, to more complicated approaches involving genotype likelihoods. In this work, we present a novel method for assessing the relationship of an ancient sample with a modern population, while accounting for sequencing error and postmortem damage by analyzing raw reads from multiple ancient individuals simultaneously. We show that, when analyzing SNP data, it is better to sequence more ancient samples to low coverage: two samples sequenced to 0.5× coverage provide better resolution than a single sample sequenced to 2× coverage. We also examined the power to detect whether an ancient sample is directly ancestral to a modern population, finding that, with even a few high coverage individuals, even ancient samples that are very slightly diverged from the modern population can be detected with ease. When we applied our approach to European samples, we found that no ancient samples represent direct ancestors of modern Europeans. We also found that, as shown previously, the most ancient Europeans appear to have had the smallest effective population sizes, indicating a role for agriculture in modern population growth.
A personagem de ficção e a reportagem
Authors: Soares Mei Hua 
Published: November 2017

Parte de uma pesquisa que investiga os entrecruzamentos entre Literatura e Comunicação e seus desdobramentos, o artigo aborda questões referentes à presença de elementos literários, em especial características próprias de personagens de ficção, em gêneros jornalísticos como a reportagem investigativa. Para tanto, o presente estudo analisará a reportagem “Os trabalhos e os dias”, da jornalista Natália Viana, publicada na Revista Caros Amigos (2005). A fundamentação teórica se estruturará a partir de concepções do filósofo francês Jean-Paul Sartre (relacionadas à subjetividade, totalização, densidade obscura e singularização do universal) e se apoiará em categorizações sobre o mecanismo de criação propostas pelo sociólogo e teórico literário Antonio Candido.
O quixotismo como forma de existência
Authors: De Souza Eunice Prudenciano 
Published: November 2017

O comportamento inaugurado pela narrativa arquetípica de Miguel de Cervantes, Dom Quixote de la Mancha (1605/1615), ecoa em inúmeras narrativas modernas ocidentais. Dentre estas, podemos apontar as performances de dois protagonistas brasileiros: Vitorino, de Fogo Morto (1943), de José Lins do Rego, e Ponciano de Azeredo Furtado, de O coronele o lobisomem (1964), de José Cândido de Carvalho. O presente estudo parte da narrativa de Cervantes e, por meio dela, estabelece pontos de contato com os romances brasileiros, a fim de verificar em que medida os protagonistas brasileiros retomam o modo de agir – imortalizado sob a concepção de quixotismo – do herói cervantino.
RISCO DE QUEDA E USO DE MEDICAMENTO EM IDOSOS
Authors: Dutra Andressa Porto , Porto Sabrina Almeida , Dos Reis Luciana Araújo , Morais Karla Cavalcante Silva , Lima Leonardo da Silva , Santos Kleyton Trindade 
Published: November 2017

Introdução: com o aumento progressivo do número de idosos na população mundial, cresce a preocupação com fatores que condicionam ao envelhecimento deteriorizado, e dentre esses fatores observa-se que a queda e o uso de medicamentos apresenta-se como um evento totalmente desfavorável, trazendo consigo repercussões negativas. Objetivo: verificar a prevalência de quedas e uso de medicamentos em idosos residentes em comunidade. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal e descritivo, de caráter quantitativo, realizado com 66 idosos cadastrados na Unidade Básica de Saúde CAE II, no município de Vitória da Conquista, Bahia. Foi aplicado um questionário composto por dados sociodemográficos, acrescidos do mini-exame do estado mental e escala Fall risk score de Downton. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados no programa estatístico SPSS 21.0, sendo verificado as frequências absolutas e relativas de todas as variáveis. Resultados: identificou-se que a maioria dos idosos eram do sexo feminino (65,2%), sofreram episódios de quedas anteriores (60,8%) e faziam o uso de pelo menos um medicamento (72,7%). Conclusão: conclui-se que é alta a prevalência de queda e uso de medicamentos na população idosa, sendo necessário buscar alternativas para diminuir essa prevalência através de medidas preventivas e melhoria na atenção da saúde do idoso.
Biotype identification of Bemisia tabaci by acoustical method
Authors: Nakabayashi Hiroki , Mizutani Koichi , Ebihara Tadashi , Wakatsuki Naoto , Uga Hiroyuki , Kubota Kenji , Ishii Masahisa 
Published: November 2017

Bemisia tabaci has two major biotypes: B and Q. Biotype identification is necessary for whitefly control, since different biotypes have different pesticide resistance. However, slow and expensive techniques are needed for accurate biotype classification. In this paper, we propose a whitefly biotype identification scheme using an acoustic signature, and evaluate its performance. The proposed scheme achieves biotype identification by three steps: signal detection, frequency-domain matching, and classification of biotypes. We evaluated the performance of the proposed scheme by processing actual whitefly sounds obtained in a recording experiment, and calculated the accuracy of the classification.
Results showed the proposed biotype identification method achieved a correct detection rate of 92% in Bemisia tabaci. This result suggests that the proposed scheme is a viable alternative for biotype identification of whitefly.
Importance of hematological and biochemical findings in alcoholics admitted to emergency department
Authors: Gorghatta Hanumanthaiah Ramesh , Bangalore Krishnap Panchakshari Prasanna , P. Dheemantha , Farhath Sheerin , Biligi Dayananda , T. S. Ranganath 
Published: November 2017

Background: Alcoholism represents one of the most serious worldwide socioeconomic and health problems. An alcoholic is a person who consumes an amount of alcohol capable of producing pathological changes. The amount of alcohol capable of producing disease depends on a variety of factors, including genetic predisposition, malnutrition and concomitant viral infections of the liver. The association of heavy alcohol intake with a significant increase of all cause and non-cardiovascular mortality rates especially by cirrhosis, cancer and violent deaths.Methods: This study was conducted on 500 patients who were taken from the emergency department over a period of one year, they were divided into two groups as none drinkers and heavy drinkers. 250 subjects were in each group. Frequency, quantity and type of alcohol were noted for each group. Patients presenting to emergency with known history of diabetes, anemia and hepatic encephalopathy were excluded.Results: In our study there was no significant difference in the bio chemical tests of heavy drinkers and non-drinkers with respect to Glucose, sodium, potassium, chloride, Total Protein, albumin, globulin. But in current study significant difference in the values of GGT, ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase (P>0.05) were noted among non-alcoholics and heavy drinkers.Conclusions: Some of the Hematological parameters(MCV) and biochemical parameters like GGT, AST, ALT and alkaline phosphatase could be used for the diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism along with clinical examination if history about alcohol is missing.
Current role of low molecular weight heparin in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Singh Karan 
Published: November 2017

Background: Nevertheless, several studies of LMWH in acute ischemic stroke have been neutral with regard to their primary outcomes, and it remains unclear whether these drugs should be used routinely or not. Our present trial endeavors to study the efficacy of LMWH (low and high dose dalteparin) in patients with progressive ischemic stroke in terms of morbidity and mortality as compared to control group and to compare it with AS+CLOP, with respect to these event rates, at the end of treatment.Methods: Our study was performed on 38 patients of acute ischemic stroke admitted to LLR and associated Hospitals, G. S. V. M. Medical College, Kanpur and who were assigned randomly to any of the four treatment groups (0.4ml dalteparin, 0.8ml of dalteparin, O ml of placebo and aspirin +clopidogrel 150+75 mg). The standard error of proportion method and Chi square test was applied.Results: 70% of patients in group I, 62.5% in Group II and 60% Group III presented with stroke in evolution at presentation as compared to only 30% in the placebo group. 75% of patients in group I, 66.66% in group II, 50% in Group III and 33.34% in group IV had a complete recovery. 25% of patients in Group-I, 33.34% in Group-II, 50% in Group III and 66.66% in Group-IV had an incomplete recovery.Conclusions: There is no significant reduction in the mortality and morbidity amongst LMWH groups at the end of treatment and end of trial as compared to the AS+CLOP, or placebo group or even amongst the low and high dose LMWH groups.
Principales preservadores maderables y exudados microbianos con actividad antagonista al desarrollo en agentes biológicos deletéreos
Authors: García-Ortiz Vanessa Ruby , Benítez-Rocha Gabriela , Martínez-Pacheco Mauro , Velázquez-Becerra Crisanto 
Published: November 2017

<p>La madera de baja durabilidad es susceptible de deterioro por xilófagos y su protección es una meta tecnológica no alcanzada que genera pérdidas económicas y materiales. Alternativas para evitar el uso de preservadores convencionales tóxicos y contaminantes se pueden establecer mediante el conocimiento del microecosistema bacteriano en la madera. La protección de este material es posible obtenerla con bacterias y sus exudados. El propósito de esta investigación es destacar que el biodeterioro de la madera de baja durabilidad es evitable mediante estrategias microbiológicas relevantes para el control de los hongos xilófagos. La observación es que bacterias de los géneros <em>Arthrobacter, Bacillus</em> y <em>Pseudomonas</em> y sus exudados potencialmente son agentes de protección que exhiben mecanismos de acción diferentes como, el antagonismo, el parasitismo y la producción de exudados que contienen moléculas con efecto: antimicrobiano (antibióticos), quelante (sideróforos) que inhiben enzimas o funciones y compuestos volátiles (dimetilhexadecilamina). El conocimiento de este ecosistema microbiano facilitará la construcción de una alternativa al uso de los preservadores convencionales de madera y constituye un área de oportunidad. Se evidencia la ausencia del conocimiento de bacterias antagónicas de los xilófagos, el manejo de la producción y composición de sus exudados y su aplicación, con lo que se manifiesta un campo inexplorado en la biotecnología de la preservación de la madera.</p>
Comments: Signs of Recovery
Authors: Donnelly John 
Published: November 2017

Editor's column
After 3 tough years of cost cuts and downsizing, the oil industry is seeing signs of new life in a lower-price environment. Companies are hiring again, salaries have rebounded, and large producers are posting profits.
The oil and gas industry is finally hiring and may begin to face worker shortages in some areas. Since oil prices crashed in 2014, more than 440,000 jobs in the industry have been cut worldwide. But next year, almost 90% of employers expect that staffing levels will either stabilize or increase in 2018, according to a survey by NES Global Talent and oilandgasjobsearch.com. Almost 60% of employers expect to recruit significantly over the next year. Of the companies that are hiring, 23% expect to increase their workforce by 5%, 19% plan to increase staffing by between 5 and 10%; and 17% expect to increase hiring by more than 10%. Almost half of employers expect salaries to rise.
SPE’s annual industry salary survey also paints a brighter picture. Industry professionals reported average total compensation of $194,649 this year, a $9,000 increase from 2016 although still down from 2014 and earlier. Compared with 2016, mean base pay, other compensation, and total compensation all rose in 2017.
Oil prices have finally crossed the $50/bbl threshold, with Brent over $60/bbl in mid-November. Rising prices, along with sharp cost cutting, are leading to operator profits. The supermajors—including ExxonMobil, Total, Chevron, Shell, and BP—all posted healthy third-quarter earnings and solid year-over-year improvement in cash flow and profits. In delivering their earnings, both BP and Shell said they would remain profitable even if oil prices dipped into the high-$40/bbl range. The large service companies, such as Schlumberger, Baker Hughes, and Halliburton, were more circumspect in their outlooks but see a foundation laid for better days ahead.
OPEC also sees positive days ahead in its latest forecast. It predicts that global oil demand in 2018 will grow and that non-OPEC production will not increase as fast as previously thought. Along with its production cuts, that will continue to reduce excess oil in storage. OPEC, Russia, and a handful of other producers agreed to cut output by 1.8 million B/D, and compliance with the agreement has been stellar. OPEC’s report concedes that it did not kill off North American shale when it flooded the market with oil 3 years ago, and that shale will continue to see strong supply growth.
A new International Energy Agency reports confirms OPEC’s conclusion on shale’s staying power. The IEA said the supply surge in shale output will lead to the largest gains in the history of the industry. By 2025, the US will match Saudi Arabia in oil production and surpass the former Soviet Union in gas output, according to its World Energy Outlook. The US oil industry “weathered the turbulent period of lower oil prices since 2014 with remarkable fortitude,” according to the report.
E&P Notes (December 2017)
Authors: Boschee Pam , Whitfield Stephen , Parshall Joel , Donnelly John 
Published: November 2017

E&P Notes
BHGE Shares Strategy for Integration of Services, Products, and Digital Platforms
Pam Boschee, Senior Editor
Marking 100 days as a new company after the merger of Baker Hughes and GE Oil and Gas, Baker Hughes, a GE company (BHGE), shared its strategies and plans for taking a fullstream approach to global oilfield services, products, and digital capabilities to improve productivity, safety, and project economics.
Speaking at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in October, Mathias Schlecht, BHGE vice president of enterprise technology, described the concept as the full integration of services from upstream to midstream to downstream. “We know how to get the molecules and transport and use them. From molecules to megawatts, and deep sea to the cloud.”

Accidental Discovery: Bitumen Pellets for Heavy Oil Transport
Stephen Whitfield, Senior Staff Writer
Researchers at the University of Calgary have developed something that may have a significant impact on the transport of heavy oil, and it is the size of a pill.
The discovery is a pellet, self-sealing with a liquid core of either bitumen or heavy oil within a super-viscous, semi-solid, or solid skin that reduces the chance of a damaging spill during transport. The pellets can be designed to be buoyant and safe if they are spilled into the environment by incorporating agents within the pellets, like gas bubbles, catalysts, and solvents. Their outer coating is unreactive, making them much less likely to cause environmental damage than a liquid heavy oil or bitumen spill.

Jones Energy CEO Tells of Company’s Transformation
Joel Parshall, JPT Features Editor
Jones Energy CEO Jonny Jones described his company’s transformation from a small private entity to a publicly traded company in a talk in October at the Leaders in Industry Luncheon, sponsored by the Independent Producers Association of America and the Texas Independent Oil Producers & Royalty Owners, at the Houston Petroleum Club.
Jones highlighted the company’s entry into the Merge oil play, a newly defined play at the junction of the SCOOP (South Central Oklahoma Oil Province) and STACK (Sooner Trend, Anadarko and Canadian and Kingfisher [counties]) plays in central Oklahoma.

Largest Gulf of Mexico Lease Sale Announced
John Donnelly, JPT Editor
The US Department of the Interior in October proposed the largest oil and gas lease sale ever held in the United States—almost 77 million acres offshore Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. The sale would be held in March 2018 and is attempted to revive interest in a sector that has been reeling since oil prices fell sharply beginning 3 years ago. The sale includes all available unleased areas on the Gulf ’s Outer Continental Shelf. The Trump administration said the auction should make the US energy industry stronger. This proposed sale follows a lease sale in the Gulf of Mexico in August that attracted $121 million in high bids on 90 offshore tracts.
Great Plains Winter Wheat Varies for Root Length and Diameter under Drought Stress
Authors: Awad Wahid , Byrne Patrick F. , Reid Scott D. , Comas Louise H. , Haley Scott D. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Great Plains winter wheat genotypes differed for root traits in a greenhouse study.Total root length was negatively correlated with average root diameter under moisture stress.Root length deep in the profile was positively associated with leaf relative water content.Semi‐dwarfing alleles did not significantly affect any root system trait.
Development of a deep, extensive root system is a drought adaptation mechanism that is beneficial for maintaining productivity under water scarcity in dryland cropping systems. To determine variation for root biomass, depth, length, and diameter and related physiological traits in winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), we conducted two greenhouse studies under drought stress. Study I evaluated 30 entries (cultivars and advanced lines) primarily from Colorado, and Study II included 30 entries from seven U.S. Great Plains states. Evaluations were conducted on pre‐flowering plants in 1 m by 10 cm plastic tubes under greenhouse conditions. Tubes were weighed daily, and aboveground biomass (ABM) and root sections were collected after a 3‐wk dry‐down treatment. Roots were washed, scanned, and digitally analyzed. The Colorado entries differed significantly (P < 0.05) for estimated transpiration, ABM, average root diameter, total root length, and root length in most diameter classes. Great Plains entries differed significantly (P < 0.05) for ABM, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, total root length, and root length for several diameter classes. Total root length correlated positively (P < 0.05) with leaf elongation rate and relative water content in Study I and negatively with average root diameter in Study II. There was no significant effect of the Rht‐B1b or Rht‐D1b alleles on root system growth of the Great Plains winter wheat germplasm. Variation in root traits can be exploited in breeding programs to develop plants with the best adapted root systems to withstand drought stress.
Cultivar Selection, Cultural Management Practice, and Fungicide Application Influence Leaf Spot and Dollar Spot on Ultradwarf Bermudagrass
Authors: Vines Phillip L. , Allen Thomas W. , DuBien Janice , Stewart Barry R. , Tomaso‐Peterson Maria 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Ultradwarf bermudagrass cultivars show different susceptibility to foliar diseases.
Cultural management practices have different effects on foliar diseases.
Seasonal fungicide applications adequately controlled leaf spot and dollar spot.
In the southern United States, putting greens are commonly grassed with an ultradwarf bermudagrass (UDB) [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt‐Davy] cultivar. However, these turfgrasses generate profuse amounts of thatch, which leads to increased pressure of diseases such as leaf spot, caused by Bipolaris cynodontis (Marignoni) Shoemaker, and dollar spot, caused by Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett. This 2‐yr field study evaluated the effects of (i) cultivar selection (‘Champion’ and ‘MiniVerde’ UDB cultivars), (ii) cultural management practice (standard weekly applications of vertical mow [VM]; weekly applications of VM with once monthly substitutions of slice, spike, and scarify practices; and once monthly applications of slice, spike, and scarify practices alone), and (iii) fungicide application (application of fungicide and no application of fungicide) on leaf spot and dollar spot of UDB putting green turf. Leaf spot severity (LSS) was assessed by a visual estimation of percent symptomatic turf area (0–100%). Dollar spot incidence (DSI) was assessed as the number of dollar spot foci present. At most rating periods during active infection, MiniVerde had reduced LSS and DSI compared with Champion. Standard VM practices resulted in the greatest LSS and DSI. Once monthly substitutions of spike and scarify practices in weekly VM regimes reduced LSS and DSI compared with standard VM practices. The least LSS and DSI were observed with once monthly applications of alternative slice, spike, and scarify practices. Applications of fungicides reduced LSS and DSI compared with no application of fungicides.
A multi-scale nested experiment for understanding flood wave generation across four orders of magnitude of catchment area
Authors: Wilkinson Mark E. , Bathurst James C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Current understanding of flood response is deficient concerning the variation of flood generation at different spatial scales as a function of spatial and temporal variations in storm rainfall. This study therefore investigates the relationship between rainfall spatial variability and flood response through a multi-scale nested experiment. Hydrological data from an extensive network in the Eden catchment, UK, were collected for a range of flood events over varying scales from 1.1 km2 to 2,286 km2. The data were analysed to show the spatial scale dependency of flood peak and lag time. Peak specific discharge for winter events appears to remain constant with area up to 20–30 km2, corresponding to the main upland headwater catchments, thereafter declining as area increases. The flood response to the convective storms depends on the location of the rainfall and the downstream rates of change of runoff and peak discharge can vary significantly from the winter storm relationships. Particularly for large synoptic storms, average scaling laws for peak discharge have been quantified (exponents ranging between 0.75 and 0.86), illustrating the non-linear nature of the cross-scale variations. Such laws provide a means of linking the headwater catchments with the larger scale at which planners and decision-makers operate.