bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent fungal endocarditis of the aortic valve: A challenging clinical scenario
Authors: Bellamy Shannay , Mirza Mohammed , Umar Muhammad Faiq , Enyia Jacob , Malik Khurram , Ameen Abdul , Krause Tyrone 
Published: October 2024

Key Clinical MessageFungal endocarditis is a rare but potentially fatal infection with significant diagnostic and management challenges. Antifungal therapy and surgical debridement are the preferred treatments in these cases. Antimicrobial therapy with multiple antifungal agents may be required in high‐risk patients presenting with prolonged fever suspected of having fungal endocarditis.AbstractRecurrent fungal endocarditis, particularly involving Candida parapsilosis, is a rare and challenging clinical entity with limited management guidelines. We present the case of a 44‐year‐old female with a history of intravenous drug use and treatment‐resistant chronic hepatitis C who developed recurrent Candida parapsilosis endocarditis. Initially, she presented with native aortic valve fungal endocarditis, which was managed with antifungal therapy and surgical aortic valve replacement. Despite this intervention, she experienced a subsequent episode of prosthetic valve Candida parapsilosis endocarditis, further complicated by prolonged fungemia. This case underscores the complexities of managing recurrent fungal endocarditis and highlights the need for ongoing research to refine treatment strategies for this challenging condition.
Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of 2 Oral Formulations of Vildagliptin in Healthy Chinese Subjects
Authors: Tian Mengli , Ye Libing , Liang Binhong , Chen Yingrong , Mei Jue , Zhao Zhouming , Guo Xiaodi , Xu Min , Zhang Jingyao , Yang Shuixin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA randomized, open‐label, 2‐period, 2‐sequence crossover study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of 2 oral formulations of vildagliptin tablets under both fasting and fed conditions in healthy Chinese subjects. A total of 56 healthy subjects were randomized to receive a single 50‐mg dose of either a generic vildagliptin tablet (T) or the reference formulation (R). The washout period was 3 days. Blood samples were collected up to 24 hours postdosing during each period and analyzed for vildagliptin using liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS). The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios (T:R) of maximum serum concentration, area under the serum concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and area under the serum concentration‐time curve from time 0 to infinity were all within the predefined bioequivalence range of 80%‐125%. This indicates that the generic and reference formulations are bioequivalent under both fasting and fed states. All adverse events reported were mild and transient. High‐fat meals delayed absorption and reduced the maximum peak concentration of both formulations; however, they did not affect the overall exposure. Therefore, vildagliptin can be taken without regard to meals.
Petrogenetic and geochemical characteristics of some auriferous granitoids in the Kumasi Basin, Ghana: Implications for geodynamic settings and controls of orogenic gold mineralization in the Edikan Gold Mine
Authors: Sunkari Emmanuel D. , Oppong Obed , Agbenyezi Theophilus K. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Edikan Mine, which consists of Fobinso and Esuajah gold deposits, lies within the Asankrangwa Gold Belt of the Birimian Supergroup in the Kumasi Basin. The metasedimentary rocks in the Basins and the faulted metavolcanic rocks in the Belts that make up the Birimian Supergroup were intruded by granitoids during the Eburnean Orogeny. This research aims to classify granitoids in the Edikan Mine and ascertain the petrogenetic and geochemical characteristics of some auriferous granitoids in the wider Kumasi Basin, Ghana, to understand the implications for geodynamic settings. A multi‐methods approach involving field studies, petrographic studies, and whole‐rock geochemical analysis was used to achieve the goal of the study. Petrographic studies revealed a relatively high abundance of plagioclase and a low percentage of K‐feldspars (anorthoclase and orthoclase) in the Fobinso samples, suggesting that the samples are granodioritic in nature, while the Esuajah samples showed relatively low plagioclase abundance and a high percentage in K‐feldspars, indicating that they are granitic. The granitoids from the study areas are co‐magmatic. The granitoids in Esuajah and Fobinso are generally enriched in large ion lithophile elements and light rare earth elements than high field strength elements, middle rare earth elements, and heavy rare earth elements, indicating mixing with crustal sources during the evolution of the granitoids. The granitoids were tectonically formed in a syn‐collisional+VAG setting, which implies that they were formed in the subduction zone setting. Fobinso granodiorites showed S‐type signatures with evidence of extensive crustal contamination, while the Esuajah granites showed I‐type signatures with little or no crustal contamination and are peraluminous. Gold mineralization in the study area is structurally and lithologically controlled with shear zones, faulting, and veining as the principal structures controlling the mineralization. The late‐stage vein, V3, in the Edikan Mine is characterized by a low vein angle and is mineralized.
Photoactivated Formal [3 + 2]/[4+2] Cycloaddition of N‐Aryl Cyclopropyl and Cyclobutylamines
Authors: Villela Lucas F. , Zidan Montserrat , Barriault Louis 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic transformations initiated by photochemical activation have been at the forefront of reaction discovery. In this study, we present a formal photochemical [3+2] and [4+2] cycloaddition using N‐aryl cyclopropylamines and N‐aryl cyclobutylamines in conjunction with α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl systems, unveiling two distinct mechanistic pathways. The [3+2] cycloaddition is elucidated as being guided by the photochemical activity of an electron donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex. Simultaneously, intermolecular [4+2] annulation of cyclobutylanilines is achieved by visible‐light photoredox catalysis. These simple methodologies have wide applicability, facilitating the synthesis of N‐arylaminocycloalkyl compounds in yields ranging from good to excellent.
Technological Advances in the Electroreduction of CO2 to HCOOH: The Impact of Catalyst, Gas Diffusion Electrode, and Cell Design
Authors: Theußl Verena , Sanz Sergio , von Foerster Konstantin , Rutjens Bastian , Weinrich Henning , Tempel Hermann , Eichel Rüdiger‐A. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (eCO2RR) is a promising technology for synthesizing value‐added products required in the transition towards a more circular and renewable‐based economy. In this context, the electrochemical production of formic acid has the potential to become economically competitive to energy‐demanding conventional synthetic methods, thereby presenting a sustainable alternative. However, to enhance energy efficiency and selectivity toward the targeted product significant technological improvements in key components (e.g., electrodes, catalysts, electrolytes, membranes, cells, solvents) are required. Over recent years, our research has focused on understanding the influence of catalyst, gas diffusion electrode (GDE) architecture and performance, and cell design in the eCO2RR to formic acid. This perspective article provides an overview of the current status of these specific components, as well as our insights and those of other researchers, regarding potential future investigations and applications.
Safety analysis of pipe string strength during transient process of ultrahigh temperature and high pressure well fracturing
Authors: Yang Boyuan , Zhang Hui , Lv Kunhong , Wu Baokang , Zhou Yuting , Li Xingyu , Yang Ze , Yuan Rui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the continuous development of deep oil and gas resources, the number of high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells is increasing, and the complexity of fracturing operations is becoming more pronounced. The safe conduct of fracturing operations is crucial for improving production efficiency. To investigate the strength and safety of fracturing strings in high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells, a transient calculation model of temperature‐pressure coupling was established for fracturing strings in high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells. The safety factor method and triaxial stress analysis were employed to evaluate the safety of fracturing strings in high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells. The method was used to assess the fracturing strings in high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells, and the effects of fracturing fluid injection rate and string size on the stress of the strings were analyzed. The results indicate that the axial force and equivalent stress at the wellhead of the fracturing string are the highest; as the fracturing time and injection rate of the fracturing fluid increase, the axial stress and equivalent stress at the wellhead of the fracturing string also increase. Small‐sized pipes are conducive to improving the safety factor of fracturing pipe string operations. The research findings can provide theoretical guidance for designing fracturing strings for high‐temperature and high‐pressure wells.
Assessing lipid‐lowering and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity of Centranthus longiflorus and β‐Sitosterol following administration to triton WR1339‐ treated rats
Authors: Askin Seda , Umudum Fatma Zuhal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid‐lowering and plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP) activity of Centranthus longiflorus(CL) and β‐Sitosterol(βS) following intraperitoneal administration of Triton‐WR 1339 (=Tyloxapol) (TWR) to male Wistar rats. Hyperlipidemia(HL) was developed by intraperitoneal injection of TWR. The animals were divided into main eight groups of six rats each. Rats were housed in separate cages and fed a standard diet for 7 days. After 7 days, ethanol extraction of CL plant, aqueous suspension of βS and anacetrapib was given to rats by oral gavage 1 h before the triton injection. Blood samples were collected and used for the biochemical parameters analysis. Histopathological studies were also performed on liver tissue. In hyperlipidemic rats(HR), CL extract and βS reduced total cholesterol similarly. βS lowered low‐density lipoprotein(LDL‐C) more than CL extract. Both CL extract and βS approximated impaired Alanine transaminase(ALT) and Aspartate transaminase(AST) levels in HR's to the level of control. CL extract provided better protection than βS against deterioration in liver tissue samples seen in hyperlipidemic rats. Finally, CL extract and βS inhibited CETP, at which point βS was more effective. These findings showed that CL extract and βS reduce plasma lipid concentration and may have a hypolipidemic effect due to their anti‐CETP properties.
Size‐specific dose estimates calculated using patient size measurements from scanned projection radiograph in high‐resolution chest computed tomography
Authors: Brindhaban Ajit 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionSize‐specific dose estimates (SSDE) are used to assess patient‐specific radiation exposure in Computed Tomography (CT), complementing the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol). This study compared SSDE calculated using patient's lateral size from scan projection radiograph (SPR) with SSDE calculated using water equivalent diameter (Dw) from tomographic images in adult chest high‐resolution CT (HRCT).MethodsIn a single‐centre study, the CTDIvol and dose‐length product (DLP) were recorded from HRCT dose reports of adult patients. Lateral width (SLat), at the centre of the scan range, from the SPR was measured and the SSDE (SSDER) was calculated using conversion factors related to SLat. Average CT number, area of the slice, and lateral size of the patient (AxLat) were measured on the middle slice. The Dw and SSDE from Dw (SSDEW) were calculated. SSDER and SSDEW were compared using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Correlation between patient size and dosimetry parameters were investigated using Spearman Correlation test with statistical significance at P < 0.05. Bland–Altman plot was also used to test agreement between the two SSDE values.ResultsMedian CTDIvol, DLP, SSDER and SSDEW were 11.0 mGy, 372 mGy.cm, 11.6 mGy and 12.9 mGy, respectively. Small but statistically significant differences (P < 0.03) were found between SLat and AxLat as well as between SSDER and SSDEW. Bland–Altman analysis resulted in borderline agreement between SSDE values. Moderate correlations were observed between dosimetry quantities and patient size measurements (ρ > 0.640; P < 0.001). SSDEw showed statistically significant correlation (ρ = 0.587 and P < 0.001) with SSDER.ConclusionSSDER may be used to assess patients' absorbed radiation dose, before the scan, in adult chest HRCT. The median value of SSDER was about 10% lower than the median value SSDEW. However, the SSDEW should be used after the scan to establish effective dose and radiation risk to the patient.
Atmospheric Pressure Rivalry Between the Arctic and Northern Pacific: Implications for Alaskan Climate Variability
Authors: Polyakov Igor V. , Ballinger Thomas J. , Overland James E. , Vavrus Stephen J. , Danielson Seth L. , Lader Rick , Bhatt Uma S. , Hendricks Amy S. , Mueter Franz J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLocated at the confluence of the Arctic and North Pacific and with Alaska at its heart, the Pacific Arctic Region (PAR) is a unique and interconnected regional climate system. Significant climatic changes in the PAR are described by a novel, mobile monthly Alaska Arctic Front (AAF) index, which is defined by sea level pressure differences between the migratory cores of the Beaufort High and Aleutian Low. Regional climate variability associated with the AAF shows prominent decadal signatures that are driven by the opposing effects of the North Pacific and the Arctic atmospheric pressure fields. Low AAF (negative phase) is dominated by North Pacific forcing, whereas high AAF (positive phase) is dominated by Arctic atmospheric processes. The recent (2011–2021) negative AAF phase, which is associated with the westward displacement of Aleutian Low explaining stronger northward winds and enhanced water transport northward through Bering Strait, is conducive to increased oceanic heat and freshwater content, reduced regional sea ice cover in the PAR, and to the expansion of Pacific species into the Arctic. These factors are all indicators of the Pacification of the Arctic Ocean, a key feature of climate change related to progression of anomalous Pacific water masses and biota into the polar basins. It is not yet clear if or when the recent phase of decadal variability will change and alter the rate of Pacification of the Arctic climate system.
A tutorial on aggregating evidence from conceptual replication studies using the product Bayes factor
Authors: Van Lissa Caspar J. , Clapper Eli‐Boaz , Kuiper Rebecca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe product Bayes factor (PBF) synthesizes evidence for an informative hypothesis across heterogeneous replication studies. It can be used when fixed‐ or random effects meta‐analysis fall short. For example, when effect sizes are incomparable and cannot be pooled, or when studies diverge significantly in the populations, study designs, and measures used. PBF shines as a solution for small sample meta‐analyses, where the number of between‐study differences is often large relative to the number of studies, precluding the use of meta‐regression to account for these differences. Users should be mindful of the fact that the PBF answers a qualitatively different research question than other evidence synthesis methods. For example, whereas fixed‐effect meta‐analysis estimates the size of a population effect, the PBF quantifies to what extent an informative hypothesis is supported in all included studies. This tutorial paper showcases the user‐friendly PBF functionality within the bain R‐package. This new implementation of an existing method was validated using a simulation study, available in an Online Supplement. Results showed that PBF had a high overall accuracy, due to greater sensitivity and lower specificity, compared to random‐effects meta‐analysis, individual participant data meta‐analysis, and vote counting. Tutorials demonstrate applications of the method on meta‐analytic and individual participant data. The example datasets, based on published research, are included in bain so readers can reproduce the examples and apply the code to their own data. The PBF is a promising method for synthesizing evidence for informative hypotheses across conceptual replications that are not suitable for conventional meta‐analysis.
Exercise During Chemotherapy for Cancer: A Systematic Review
Authors: Walker R. C. , Pezeshki P. , Barman S. , Ngan S. , Whyte G. , Lagergren J. , Gossage J. , Kelly M. , Baker C. , Knight W. , West M. A. , Davies A. R. ,   Guy's & St Thomas' Oesophago‐gastric Research Group
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExercise prehabilitation may improve the tolerance and effectiveness of anticancer treatments such as chemotherapy. This systematic review assesses the impact of exercise on chemotherapy outcomes and identifies research priorities. Nineteen studies (1418 patients) were reviewed, including 11 randomised controlled trials and eight observational studies. Exercise led to improvements in body composition, fitness, strength and quality of life (QoL) across studies. Exercise can be safely and effectively delivered during chemotherapy. Limited standardisation and small sample sizes highlight the need for larger, better‐designed studies to optimise this low‐cost intervention.
Micropyramidal Si Photonics–A Versatile Platform for Detector and Emitter Applications
Authors: Bidney Grant W. , Duran Joshua M. , Ariyawansa Gamini , Anisimov Igor , Hendrickson Joshua R. , Astratov Vasily N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnisotropic wet etching of silicon (Si) has been known for decades, but the extraordinary capabilities of this technology to provide highly ordered microphotonic arrays have received limited attention in previous studies. It is shown that these capabilities include: i) a unique self‐terminating etching nature − crucial for achieving uniform arrays over centimeter‐scale wafers, ii) an extraordinary smoothness of the slow‐etching (111) planes, and iii) a precise geometry control including the extent micropyramids or micropyramidal voids are truncated. The combination of these properties transforms this technology into a versatile platform for novel detector and emitter applications in Si photonics. The optical properties of such arrays are studied by finite‐difference time‐domain modeling in two realms represented by different boundary conditions (BCs). Periodic BCs result in Talbot self‐images experimentally observed in this work. Perfectly matched layer BCs describe mesoscale interference effects resulting in the subwavelength focusing properties of micropyramids. Enhancements in the performance of mid‐wave infrared (MWIR) focal plane arrays are demonstrated by monolithic integration of Si micropyramids with silicon‐platinum silicide Schottky barrier photodetectors. Finally, it is shown that Si micropyramidal arrays can be used to enhance light extraction and directionality of quantum sources and infrared scene projectors.
Highly Anti‐Corrosive Performance of Poly(Vinylidene Fluoride‐Hexafluoropropylene)/Boron Nitride Nanosheet/Polyimide Composite Coating
Authors: Meng Lu , Li Zexia , Wu Weilong , Li Bo , Niu Zifeng , Wang Peng , Zhang Jun , Tang Chengchun , Xue Yanming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPolyimide (PI) is one of the most important engineering plastics, but its stability in aqueous environments is insufficient, which limits its anti‐corrosion efficiency. In this study, a novel P(VDF‐HFP)/SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI composite coating is prepared by incorporating poly(vinylidene fluoride‐hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF‐HFP)) and the exfoliated boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) which were highly co‐functionalized with two kinds of materials of the rosin and the soy‐maleic anhydride‐tannic acid adhesive molecules (SMT‐RS@BNNSs). The coatings are characterized in detail by using the XRD, FT‐IR, XPS, and SEM technologies. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization curve tests further evaluated the corrosion resistance of the coating. As results, the obtained P(VDF‐HFP)/SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI coating with good adhesion (grade 1) to the low‐carbon steel plate displays a larger water contact angle of 93.10° compared to blank PI (75.5°) and SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI (83.2°). The dispersed distribution and interaction of SMT‐RS@BNNSs can effectively reduce the phase separation between P(VDF‐HFP) and PI. Even after soaking in electrolyte for 15 days, the impedance modulus, corrosion current, and corrosion voltage of the P(VDF‐HFP)/SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI coating are 1.568 × 1010 Ω cm2, 4.612 × 10−12 A cm−2, and 0.325 V, respectively. These properties are superior to those of the PI and SMT‐RS@BNNSs/PI coatings. It is believed that the excellent anti‐corrosive performance of this PI‐based composite will broaden the application fields of PI materials.
In Vitro Neuroprotective Effect Evaluation of Donepezil‐Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles‐Embedded PVA/PEG Nanofibers on SH‐SY5Y Cells and AP‐APP Plasmid Related Alzheimer Cell Line Model
Authors: Guler Ece , Yekeler Humeyra Betul , Uner Burcu , Dogan Murat , Asghar Asima , Ikram Fakhera , Yazir Yusufhan , Gunduz Oguzhan , Kalaskar Deepak M , Cam Muhammet Emin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently developed nanoparticles and nanofibers present new brain‐specific treatment strategies, especially for Alzheimer's disease treatment. In this study, donepezil (DO)‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles (DNP) are embedded in PVA/PEG nanofibers (DNPF) produced by pressurized gyration for sublingual administration. SEM images showed produced drug‐loaded and pure nanofibers, which have sizes between 978 and 1123 nm, demonstrated beadless morphology and homogeneous distribution. FT‐IR, XRD, and DSC results proved the produced nanoparticles and fibers to consist of the DO and other polymers. The in vitro drug release test presented that the release profile of DO is completed at the end of the 18th day. It is released by the first order kinetic model. DNPF has an ultra‐fast release profile via its disintegration within 2 sec, which proved itself to be suitable for the administration sublingually. All samples presented above ≈90% cell viability via their non‐toxic natures on SH‐SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells by using Alamar blue assay. The anti‐Alzheimer effects of DO, DNP, and DNPF are evaluated on the Aβ1−42‐induced SH‐SY5Y cells at 1, 5, and 10 µM as treatment groups. The 1 µM dosage exhibited the most significant neuroprotective effects, which showed enhanced cellular uptake and superior modulation of Alzheimer's‐related proteins, including tau and Aβ.