bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicolor Scanning Laser Imaging in Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Ahmad Mohammad S. Z. , Carrim Zia Iqbal 
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
Diabetic retinopathy is a common cause of blindness in individuals younger than 60 years. Screening for retinopathy is undertaken using conventional color fundus photography and relies on the identification of hemorrhages, vascular abnormalities, exudates, and cotton-wool spots. These can sometimes be difficult to identify.

PURPOSE
Multicolor scanning laser imaging, a new imaging modality, may have a role in improving screening outcomes, as well as facilitating treatment decisions.

METHODS
Observational case series comprising two patients with known diabetes who were referred for further examination after color fundus photography revealed abnormal findings. Multicolor scanning laser imaging was undertaken. Features of retinal disease from each modality were compared.

RESULTS
Multicolor scanning laser imaging provides superior visualization of retinal anatomy and pathology, thereby facilitating risk stratification and treatment decisions.

CONCLUSIONS
Multicolor scanning laser imaging is a novel imaging technique offering the potential for improving the reliability of screening for diabetic retinopathy. Validation studies are warranted.
Preinflammatory Signs in Established Reusable and Disposable Contact Lens Wearers
Authors: Chao Cecilia , Stapleton Fiona , Willcox Mark D. P. , Golebiowski Blanka , Richdale Kathryn 
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCEEstablished reusable contact lens (CL) wearers show higher tear inflammatory cytokine concentrations and greater conjunctival metaplasia in the region covered by standard soft CLs. The balance of proinflammatory to anti-inflammatory cytokines, but not individual tear cytokine concentrations, was associated with self-reported CL discomfort.PURPOSEDaily disposable (DD) lenses are often used to improve CL discomfort, but the effect on ocular inflammatory responses has not been fully investigated. This study aimed to compare the concentrations of tear cytokines and conjunctival cell morphology in healthy habitual DD and reusable soft CL wearers.METHODSThirty-six established daily CL wearers, including 14 DD and 24 reusable wearers, were enrolled. Symptoms and ocular surface integrity were evaluated. The concentration of tear cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-10, IL-12(p70), IL-17A, and tumor necrosis factor α) were determined using Multiplex assays. The ratios of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were calculated. Impression cytology was performed on the conjunctiva, and goblet cell density and epithelial squamous metaplasia were quantified. Differences in variables by CL replacement schedules and the associations between variables were analyzed.RESULTSReusable CL wearers had higher concentrations (in pg/mL) of IL-1β (26 ± 7 vs. 16 ± 11), IL-6 (42 ± 14 vs. 25 ± 20), IL-10 (83 ± 23 vs. 49 ± 36), IL-12(p70) (145 ± 44 vs. 91 ± 68), IL-17A (93 ± 26 vs. 54 ± 44), and tumor necrosis factor α (312 [171 to 468] vs. 189 [6 to 447]) (allP< .01) and greater conjunctival metaplasia in the region covered by CLs (0.7 [0.2 to 1.6] vs. 0.4 [0.04 to 1.2],P= .01) compared with DD wearers. There was a positive association between CL discomfort and ratios of IL-1β to IL-10 and IL-12(p70) to IL-10 (ρ = 0.42 and ρ = 0.33,P< .05).CONCLUSIONSHigher ocular inflammatory responses, as indicated by higher tear cytokine concentrations and higher conjunctival epithelial metaplasia, were found in reusable CL wearers than in DD CL wearers. The balance of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may be helpful to assess the inflammatory status of the eye.
Craniofacial and Dental Features in Six Children With Cherubism
Authors: Stoor Patricia , Suomalainen Anni , Kemola w , Arte Sirpa 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Cherubism is an autosomal-dominant benign bone disorder, characterized by fibro-osseous lesions in the mandible and maxilla commonly caused by mutations in the SH3-binding protein 2-gene. The purpose of the authors’ study was to analyze craniofacial and dental features of children diagnosed with cherubism, describe their treatment, and assess their dental age compared with norms for Finnish children. Six children were diagnosed, followed up and treated due to dental and skeletal disorders caused by cherubsim. The patients were followed up for an average of 91.5 months with emphasis on the skeletal changes and development of dentition. The treatment consisted of minor orthodontic treatment, dental extractions, and exposures. One patient underwent cosmetic mandibular surgery. All patients had lesions in the lower jaw and 5 of 6 patients had lesions in the maxilla as well. The patients were characterized by varying swelling of the jaws, premature loss of deciduous teeth in the affected area and widely spaced, displaced, un-erupted, or absent permanent teeth. The dental age was delayed at younger age but near to normal or even a little ahead at older age. Even though cherubism affects the jaws, jaw positions, and malocclusion, no common dentofacial proportions associated with the disease could be confirmed by cephalometric analysis. The surgical interventions did not provoke adverse reactions or local growth of the lesions.
Surgical Tip for Prevention of Lip Injury During Orthognathic and Facial Bone Contouring Surgery
Authors: Lee Tae Sung , Park Sanghoon 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Iatrogenic lip injury is a rather common complication after facial bone surgery, but is usually treated lightly by the surgeon compared with other more severe functional complications. However, these injuries can have permanent sequelae and can therefore be a reason for patient dissatisfaction, especially after cosmetic surgery. Intraoperative lip injuries during facial bone surgery are usually caused by heat-generating surgical instruments or forced traction on the operative fields. The authors have applied a special technical strategy using a hydrocolloid dressing material to avoid these intraoperative lip injuries. This method does not disturb the operative procedure itself, but efficiently prevents lip injuries and decreases surgical morbidities and postoperative swelling.
Stability of Orbital Floor Fracture Fixation After Endoscope-Assisted Balloon Placement
Authors: Kashimura Tsutomu , Soejima Kazutaka , Kikuchi Yuji , Nakazawa Hiroaki 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In recent years, endoscope-assisted balloon fixation using transantral and endonasal approaches has gained popularity as a minimally invasive treatment for orbital floor fractures. However, the optimal duration for balloon placement and the efficacy of the method have not been fully evaluated. The authors report their assessment of this method using postoperative and chronological measurements of the maxillary sinus volume.
Fourteen patients with blowout fracture of the orbital floor who underwent reduction using endoscopic transantral and endonasal approaches followed by 6-week fixation with a balloon were evaluated. The volume of the maxillary sinus was measured for comparison using computed tomography at the time of balloon removal and 6 months after the surgery.
The ratio of change in the maxillary sinus volume (maxillary sinus volume 6 months after surgery/maxillary sinus volume at balloon removal) for all subjects was 0.90 to 1.04 (0.96 ± 0.44, mean ± SD). No postoperative reduction in volume was detected, indicating satisfactory fixation. Postoperative computed tomography showed bone regeneration in the orbital floor in all patients in whom the fractured bone fragments were removed. No subjects had remaining enophthalmos greater than 2 mm.
The postoperative change in the maxillary sinus volume was small, confirming the efficacy of 6-week balloon placement. This method was effective even in patients in whom fractured bone fragments were removed. Therefore, it is advisable to remove the fractured bone fragments if there is concern that the fragments will stray into the orbit due to inflation of the balloon.
Lipoadenoma of the Submandibular Gland
Authors: Çelik Mehmet , Doruk Can , Bayram Aysel , Yegen Gülçin , Orhan Kadir Serkan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
We report a case of an oncocytic lipoadenoma of the submandibular gland, which is a very rare benign tumor of the salivary gland. The patient was a 36-year-old man with a right submandibular mass measuring 29 × 1.3 × 1.2 cm. When the preoperative diagnostic tools were insufficient to rule out malignancy and for definite diagnosis, total removal of the gland was performed. Histopathologically, microscopic examination revealed a well-circumscribed tumor that is surrounded by a thin, fibrous capsule. The majority of the tumor consisted of adipocytes and normal components of salivary gland tissue. Oncocytic cells were observed only focally. Physicians should keep in mind that salivary glands may rarely exhibit this special tumor growth pattern.
Spontaneous Healing of Clodronate-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw
Authors: Nastro Siniscalchi Enrico , Allegra Alessandro , De Ponte Francesco Saverio , Oteri Giacomo , Cervino Gabriele , Lauritano Floriana , Musolino Caterina , Cicciù Marco 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Cases of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) have been more commonly associated with aminobiphosphonate therapy than with alkylbiphosphonate treatment. Here, we report a case of MRONJ in a subject who received an alkylbiphosphonate, clodronate, for the treatment of osteoporosis, and discuss the pathogenic mechanisms of alkylbiphosphonates and the possible reasons for the spontaneous and rapid remission of MRONJ occurring in our patient.
Learning Curve and Associated Morbidity of Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy
Authors: van Workum Frans , Stenstra Marianne H. B. C. , Berkelmans Gijs H. K. , Slaman Annelijn E. , van Berge Henegouwen Mark I. , Gisbertz Suzanne S. , van den Wildenberg Frits J. H. , Polat Fatih , Irino Tomoyuki , Nilsson Magnus , Nieuwenhuijzen Grard A. P. , Luyer Misha D. , Adang Eddy M. , Hannink Gerjon , Rovers Maroeska M. , Rosman Camiel 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
To investigate the morbidity that is associated with the learning curve of minimally invasive esophagectomy.

Background:
Although learning curves have been described, it is currently unknown how much extra morbidity is associated with the learning curve of technically challenging surgical procedures.

Methods:
Prospectively collected data were retrospectively analyzed of all consecutive patients undergoing minimally invasive Ivor Lewis esophagectomy in 4 European expert centers. The primary outcome parameter was anastomotic leakage. Secondary outcome parameters were operative time and textbook outcome (“optimal outcome”). Learning curves were plotted using weighted moving average and CUSUM analysis was used to determine after how many cases the plateau was reached. Learning associated morbidity was calculated with area under the curve analysis.

Results:
This study included 646 patients. Three of the 4 hospitals reached the plateau of 8% anastomotic leakage. The length of the learning curve was 119 cases. The mean incidence of anastomotic leakage decreased from 18.8% during the learning phase to 4.5% after the plateau had been reached (P < 0.001). Thirty-six extra patients (10.1% of all patients operated on during the learning curve) experienced learning associated anastomotic leakage, that could have been avoided if patients were operated by surgeons who had completed the learning curve. The incidence of textbook outcome increased from 28% to 53% and the mean operative time decreased from 344 minutes to 270 minutes.

Conclusions:
A considerable number of 36 extra patients (10.1%) experienced learning associated anastomotic leakage. More research is urgently needed to investigate how learning associated morbidity can be reduced to increase patient safety during learning curves.
Risk Factors and Mitigation Strategies for Pancreatic Fistula After Distal Pancreatectomy
Authors: Ecker Brett L. , McMillan Matthew T. , Allegrini Valentina , Bassi Claudio , Beane Joal D. , Beckman Ross M. , Behrman Stephen W. , Dickson Euan J. , Callery Mark P. , Christein John D. , Drebin Jeffrey A. , Hollis Robert H. , House Michael G. , Jamieson Nigel B. , Javed Ammar A. , Kent Tara S. , Kluger Michael D. , Kowalsky Stacy J. , Maggino Laura , Malleo Giuseppe , Valero Vicente , Velu Lavanniya K. P. , Watkins Amarra A. , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Zureikat Amer H. , Vollmer Charles M. 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
To identify a clinical fistula risk score following distal pancreatectomy.

Background:
Clinically relevant pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) following distal pancreatectomy (DP) is a dominant contributor to procedural morbidity, yet risk factors attributable to CR-POPF and effective practices to reduce its occurrence remain elusive.

Methods:
This multinational, retrospective study of 2026 DPs involved 52 surgeons at 10 institutions (2001–2016). CR-POPFs were defined by 2016 International Study Group criteria, and risk models generated using stepwise logistic regression analysis were evaluated by c-statistic. Mitigation strategies were assessed by regression modeling while controlling for identified risk factors and treating institution.

Results:
CR-POPF occurred following 306 (15.1%) DPs. Risk factors independently associated with CR-POPF included: age (<60 yrs: OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.05–1.82), obesity (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.19–2.12), hypoalbuminenia (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.06–2.51), the absence of epidural anesthesia (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.17–2.16), neuroendocrine or nonmalignant pathology (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.18–2.06), concomitant splenectomy (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.25–3.17), and vascular resection (OR 2.29, 95% CI 1.25–3.17). After adjusting for inherent risk between cases by multivariable regression, the following were not independently associated with CR-POPF: method of transection, suture ligation of the pancreatic duct, staple size, the use of staple line reinforcement, tissue patches, biologic sealants, or prophylactic octreotide. Intraoperative drainage was associated with a greater fistula rate (OR 2.09, 95% CI 1.51–3.78) but reduced fistula severity (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:
From this large analysis of pancreatic fistula following DP, CR-POPF occurrence cannot be reliably predicted. Opportunities for developing a risk score model are limited for performing risk-adjusted analyses of mitigation strategies and surgeon performance.
SUMO, a small, but powerful, regulator of double-strand break repair
Authors: Garvin Alexander J. , Morris Joanna R. 
Published: August 2017

The response to a DNA double-stranded break in mammalian cells is a process of sensing and signalling the lesion. It results in halting the cell cycle and local transcription and in the mediation of the DNA repair process itself. The response is launched through a series of post-translational modification signalling events coordinated by phosphorylation and ubiquitination. More recently modifications of proteins bySmallUbiquitin-likeMOdifier (SUMO) isoforms have also been found to be key to coordination of the response (Morriset al.2009Nature462, 886–890 (doi:10.1038/nature08593); Galantyet al.2009Nature462, 935–939 (doi:10.1038/nature08657)). However our understanding of the role of SUMOylation is slight compared with our growing knowledge of how ubiquitin drives signal amplification and key chromatin interactions. In this review we consider our current knowledge of how SUMO isoforms, SUMO conjugation machinery, SUMO proteases and SUMO-interacting proteins contribute to directing altered chromatin states and to repair-protein kinetics at a double-stranded DNA lesion in mammalian cells. We also consider the gaps in our understanding.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.
An ensemble learning approach to auto-annotation for whole-brain C. elegans imaging
Authors: Wu S. , Toyoshima Y. , Jang M.S. , Kanamori M. , Teramoto T. , Iwasaki Y. , Ishihara T. , Iino Y. , Yoshida R. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractShifting from individual neuron analysis to whole-brain neural network analysis opens up new research opportunities forCaenorhabditis elegans(C. elegans). An automated data processing pipeline, including neuron detection, segmentation, tracking and annotation, will significantly improve the efficiency of analyzing whole-brainC. elegansimaging. The resulting large data sets may motivate new scientific discovery by exploiting many promising analysis tools forbig data. In this study, we focus on the development of an automated annotation procedure. With only around 180 neurons in the central nervous system of aC. elegans, the annotation of each individual neuron still remains a major challenge because of the high density in space, similarity in neuron shape, unpredictable distortion of the worm’s head during motion, intrinsic variations during worm development, etc. We use an ensemble learning approach to achieve around 25% error for a test based on real experimental data. Also, we demonstrate the importance of exploring extra source of information for annotation other than the neuron positions.
Changes in free amino acid concentrations and associated gene expression profiles in the abdominal muscle of kuruma shrimpMarsupenaeus japonicusreared at different salinity
Authors: Koyama Hiroki , Mizusawa Nanami , Hoashi Masataka , Tan Enkong , Yasumoto Ko , Jimbo Mitsuru , Ikeda Daisuke , Yokoyama Takehiko , Asakawa Shuichi , Piyapattanakorn Sanit , Watabe Shugo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractShrimps inhabiting around the coastal area can survive in a wide range of salinity. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in their adaptation to different environmental salinity have remained largely unknown. In the present study, we reared kuruma shrimpMarsupenaeus japonicusat 1.7 %, 3.4 % and 4.0 % salinity. After rearing for 6, 12, 24 and 72 h, we determined free amino acid concentrations in their abdominal muscle, and performed RNA-seq analysis on this muscle. The concentrations of free amino acids were clearly altered depending on salinity after rearing for 24 h. Glutamine and alanine concentrations were markedly increased following the increase of salinity. In association with such changes, many genes related to amino acid metabolism changed their expression levels. Notably, the increased glutamine content at high salinity appeared to be relevant to the increase of the expression level of the gene encoding glutamate-ammonia ligase which functions in the glutamine metabolism. Furthermore, the alanine content increased at high salinity was likely to be associated with the decrease in the expression levels of the alanine-glyoxylate transaminase gene. Thus, the changes in the concentration of free amino acids for osmoregulation in kuruma shrimp are considered to be regulated by the changes in the expression levels of genes related to amino acid metabolism.Summary statesmentKuruma shrimpMarsupenaeus japonicuschanges free amino acid contents and associated gene expression levels in their muscle to adjust effectively to different salinity.
dmrad51/spnAmutant exhibit defects during somatic stages of developmental and show enhanced genomic damage, cell death and low temperature sensitivity
Authors: Khan Chaitali , Muliyil Sonia , Ayyub Champakali , Rao B J 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTHomologousRecombination (HR) is one of the key pathways to repairDoubleStrandBreaks (DSBs). Rad51 serves an important function of catalysing strand exchange between two homologous chromosomes in the HR pathway. In higher organisms, Rad51 function is indispensable with its absence leading to early embryonic lethality, thus precluding any mechanistic probing of the system. In contrast, absence ofDrosophilarad51 (Dmrad51/spnA) has been associated with defects in female germline causing ventralization of the egg, without any reported detrimental consequences toDrosophilasomatic tissues. In this study, we have performed a systematic analysis of somatic development ofdmrad51null mutant flies by using genetic complementation between multipledmrad51alleles. Our current study, for the first time, uncovers the requirement of Dmrad51 in somatic tissue maintenance at both larval and pupal stages. Also, we show thatdmrad51mutant exhibit patterning defects in abdominal cuticle in the stripes and bristles, while there appears to be only subtle defects in the adult wing and eye. Interestingly,dmrad51null mutant and other alleles show discernible phenotype of low temperature sensitivity, suggesting a role for Dmrad51 in temperature sensitive cellular processes, which thus presents an elegant system for probing temperature sensitive cellular/tissue responses that ensue when a mutation leads to the loss of protein expression (null mutant) rather than its altered protein structure. In summary, our study describes the role of Dmrad51 during somatic stages of development and provides a viable model system to study Rad51 function in a cellular process.
pdxBlacklist: Identifying artefactual variants in patient-derived xenograft samples
Authors: Salm Max , Schelhorn Sven-Eric , Lancashire Lee , Grombacher Thomas 
Published: August 2017

SummaryPatient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) samples typically represent a mixture of mouse and human tissue. Variant call sets derived from sequencing such samples are commonly contaminated with false positive variants that arise when mouse-derived reads are mapped to the human genome.pdxBlacklistis a novel approach designed to rapidly identify these false-positive variants, and thus significantly improve variant call set quality.Availability:pdxBlacklist is freely available on GitHub:https://github.com/MaxSalm/pdxBlacklistContact:maxsalm3@gmail.comSupplementary information:Supplementary data are available.
The PtdIns3P-binding protein Phafin2 escorts macropinosomes through the cortical actin cytoskeleton
Authors: Schink Kay Oliver , Tan Kia Wee , Spangenberg Hélène , Martorana Domenica , Sneeggen Marte , Campsteijn Coen , Raiborg Camilla , Stenmark Harald 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUptake of large volumes of extracellular fluid by actin-dependent macropinocytosis plays important roles in infection, immunity and cancer development. A key question is how large macropinosomes are able to squeeze through the dense actin network underlying the plasma membrane in order to move towards the cell centre for maturation. Here we show that, immediately after macropinosomes have been sealed off from the plasma membrane, the PH-and FYVE domain-containing protein Phafin2 is recruited by a mechanism that involves binding to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) generated in a non-canonical manner. Phafin2 in turn regulates the actin cross-linking protein Filamin A to promote entry of macropinosomes through the subcortical actin matrix and subsequent maturation. Depletion of Phafin2 inhibits macropinocytic internalization and maturation. We conclude that PtdIns3P and its effector Phafin2 are key components of a system that allows nascent macropinosomes to navigate through the dense subcortical actin network.