bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Porous Two‐Dimensional Transition Metal Carbide (MXene) Flakes for High‐Performance Li‐Ion Storage
Authors: Ren Chang E. , Zhao Meng‐Qiang , Makaryan Taron , Halim Joseph , Boota Muhammad , Kota Sankalp , Anasori Babak , Barsoum Michel W. , Gogotsi Yury 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHerein we develop a chemical etching method to produce porous two‐dimensional (2D) Ti3C2Tx MXenes at room temperature in aqueous solutions. The as‐produced porous Ti3C2Tx (p‐Ti3C2Tx) have larger specific surface areas and more open structures than their pristine counterparts, and can be fabricated into flexible films with, or without, the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The as‐fabricated p‐Ti3C2Tx/CNT films showed significantly improved lithium ion storage capabilities compared to pristine Ti3C2Tx based films, with a very high capacity of ≈1250 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C, excellent cycling stability, and good rate performance (330 mAh g−1 at 10 C). Using the same chemical etching method, we also made porous Nb2CTx and V2CTx MXenes. Therefore, this study provides a simple, yet effective, procedure to introduce pores into MXenes and possibly other 2D sheets that in turn, can enhance their electrochemical properties.
Facile Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Mesoporous Carbon for High‐Performance Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Xu Yunling , Wang Jie , Chang Zhi , Ding Bing , Wang Ya , Shen Laifa , Mi Changhuan , Dou Hui , Zhang Xiaogang 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPorous carbon with high specific surface area (SSA), a reasonable pore size distribution, and modified surface chemistry is highly desirable for application in energy storage devices. Herein, we report the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing mesoporous carbon with high SSA (1390 m2 g−1), a suitable pore size distribution (1.5–8.1 nm), and a nitrogen content of 4.7 wt % through a facile one‐step self‐assembly process. Owing to its unique physical characteristics and nitrogen doping, this material demonstrates great promise for application in both supercapacitors and encapsulating sulfur as a superior cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries. When deployed as a supercapacitor electrode, it exhibited a high specific capacitance of 238.4 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and an excellent rate capability (180 F g−1, 10 A g−1). Furthermore, when an NMC/S electrode was evaluated as the cathode material for lithium–sulfur batteries, it showed a high initial discharge capacity of 1143.6 mA h g−1 at 837.5 mA g−1 and an extraordinary cycling stability with 70.3 % capacity retention after 100 cycles.
Adsorption of Basic Yellow 28 onto chemically‐modified activated carbon: Characterization and adsorption mechanisms
Authors: Aguiar Catia R. L. , Fontana Éliton , Valle José A. B. , Souza Antônio A. U. , Morgado Ayres F. , Souza Selene M. A. G. U. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAdsorption processes have been investigated and successfully applied in the removal of dyes from textile plant wastewaters. Activated carbon is one of the most commonly used adsorbents, due to its excellent characteristics and relatively low cost. However, its dye removal efficiency depends on several parameters, notably the chemical nature of the carbon surface. To enhance the adsorption capacity, different methods have been proposed in the literature, chemical modification using acidic agents being one of the most commonly used. In this study, the performance of samples of activated carbon chemically modified with nitric and phosphoric acid in the adsorption of Basic Yellow 28 is evaluated. The physical and chemical structure of these adsorbents was investigated using electron microscopy, X‐ray spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy, revealing significant modifications depending on the agent used. Adsorption tests were conducted at three different temperatures and the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were evaluated. Comparing the experimental data and results obtained with models reported in the literature showed that in both cases the pseudo‐second order kinetics model and the Freundlich isotherms provided the closest fits. The samples modified with nitric acid presented better overall performance, particularly due to pore collapse observed for the samples treated with phosphoric acid, which caused a significant reduction in the surface area and total pore volume. These results indicate that the chemically‐modified activated carbon can be employed in the removal of basic dyes from textile effluents, allowing the reuse of the effluent.
Thermal History Reconstruction Based on Multiple Paleo‐Thermal Records of the Yazihe Area, Western Sichuan Depression, SW China
Authors: Chuan‐Qing ZHU , Nan‐Sheng QIU , Qiang JIANG , Sheng‐Biao HU , Shuo ZHANG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe thermal history of boreholes in the western Sichuan depression was reconstructed using paleo‐temperature indicators, such as vitrinite reflectance (Ro), apatite fission track (AFT) and the illite crystallinity index (IC index). The maximum paleo‐temperatures reconstructed based on different indicators were compared. The results showed that the western Sichuan depression has experienced a continuous process of denudation and cooling since the late Cretaceous (K3), resulting in a geothermal gradient reduction from ∼26 °C·km−1 to ∼22 °C·km−1 and the removal of 1.3 to 1.9 km of sediment. The surface area has undergone continuous uplift and denudation from ∼80 Ma to 40 Ma, followed by a thermal quiet period until 2.5 Ma. Since ∼2.5 Ma, the geothermal gradient has risen by ∼5 °C·km−1. In addition, there was high consistency among the paleo‐temperatures that were reconstructed based on different indicators. Relative to Ro and AFT, the illite crystallinity index is still controversial; more research is necessary before it can be used as a maturity and geothermal indicator for sedimentary rock.
Reverse Time Migration of Divided‐Order Multiples
Authors: Peng SONG , Bo ZHU , Jin‐Shan LI , Jun TAN 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe paper analyzes the imaging theory of the reverse time migration (RTM) of multiples and the generating mechanism of the crosstalk deeply and introduces a strategy of RTM of divided‐order multiples. Firstly, the strategy uses the surface‐related multiple elimination (SRME) to suppress multiples in the original shot gather record to acquire the primary record, and by which each order multiples can be forecasted, then the RTM of each order multiples can be implemented so as to avoid the crosstalk. Model tests show that the real interfaces can be imaged accurately and the crosstalk can be suppressed effectively in the imaging sections of each order multiples based on the strategy of RTM of divided‐order multiples. Furthermore, among all the sections of each order multiples, the section of the first‐order multiples has the highest imaging precision and its imaging quality is better than that of the common RTM of multiples in the deep structures.
Tectonic and Thermal History During the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Stage in Paizhouwan Region, Jianghan Plain, Mid Yangtze Area
Authors: Tian‐Yi LI , Zhi‐Liang HE , Sheng HE , Yan ZHOU , Dong‐Sheng SUN , Yu‐Jin WO , Xing‐Ye YANG , Li WANG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, apatite and zircon fission track and (U‐Th)/He dating, vitrinite reflectance analysis and basin modeling are carried out, for more clearly understanding the tectonic and thermal history during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic stage of the Paizhouwan area, eastern Jianghan basin. The analysis results show that the enormous tectonic uplift and erosion, and the formation cooling event during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic stage began at the early Cretaceous (140–130 Ma); the intense tectonic uplift‐cooling process mainly occurred during the early Cretaceous to the late Cretaceous. While there may be some sedimentary strata of the late Cretaceous‐Paleogene stage, the overall deposition thickness is relatively small. There should be large‐scale sediments deposited during the Middle Jurassic or/and Upper Jurassic and even the early Cretaceous strata. The present‐day remnants are thin mainly due to the later successive erosion; the total estimated denudation thickness is about 4300 m. The Mesozoic strata in the studied area reached the maximum paleo‐temperature in the early Cretaceous, rather than at the end of Paleogene sedimentation, the maximum temperature of the bottom Upper Triassic is about 170∼190 °C. The thermal history results also show that the ancient heat flow is relatively stable during the Paleozoic stage. The average value of the heat flow is about 53.64 mW·m−2; the heat flow began to decrease at the early Jurassic, and the lowest is about 48.38 mW·m−2 happened during the beginning of the early Cretaceous approximately.
A Global Optimized Implicit Staggered‐Grid Finite‐Difference Scheme for Elastic Wave Modeling
Authors: Yang WANG , Hong LIU , Heng ZHANG , Zhi‐Yang WANG , Xiang‐De TANG 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe implicit finite‐difference schemes make the process of numerical simulation possess higher accuracy and stability. However, most of the conventional implicit schemes have the limitation of lower computational efficiency because of the requirement of solving large scale matrix equation. In this paper, we first propose an optimized implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference scheme based on first order velocity‐stress elastic wave equation. Then we transform the new scheme from the time‐space domain into the time‐wavenumber domain, and construct the objective function by means of the two norm theory. Different from traditional global optimized schemes, we select the simulated annealing algorithm to get optimized coefficients. According to the shot records and wavefield snapshots acquired by homogeneous medium model and complex medium model numerical simulations, the optimized implicit staggered‐grid finite‐difference scheme not only reduces the calculating amount, but also suppresses the numerical dispersion, thus improves the precision of numerical simulation remarkably.
Stabilization of Organic–Inorganic Perovskite Layers by Partial Substitution of Iodide by Bromide in Methylammonium Lead Iodide
Authors: Ruess Raffael , Benfer Felix , Böcher Felix , Stumpp Martina , Schlettwein Derck 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThin films of the methylammonium lead halides CH3NH3Pb(I1−xBrx)3 are prepared on fluorine‐doped tin oxide substrates and exposed to humid air in the dark and under illumination. To characterize the stability of the materials, UV/Vis spectra are acquired at fixed intervals, accompanied by XRD, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, SEM, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Different degradation mechanisms are observed depending on the environmental conditions. It is found that bromide can successfully suppress the transformation of the perovskite into the monohydrate, presumably owing to stronger hydrogen‐bonding interactions with the organic cation. However, under illumination in humid air, rather rapid decomposition of the perovskites was still observed, which is due to phase segregation. The use of increased bromide content in methylammonium lead halide absorbers is discussed in terms of their application in perovskite solar cells.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Monocarbonyl Analogs of Curcumin as Potential Anti‐Tumor Agents
Authors: Pan Zheer , Chen Chengwei , Zhou Yeli , Xu Feng , Xu Yaozeng 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Preclinical Research

A series of mono‐carbonyl curcumin analogs with different substituents at the 4/4’‐position of the phenyl group were synthesized and screened for in vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of human cancer cell lines using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay. Several of the curcumin analogs, especially B114, exhibited a wide‐spectrum of anti‐tumor properties in all tested cell lines, indicating their potential in as anti‐cancer lead compounds. Further toxicity testing in the NRK‐52E kidney cell line revealed that the analogs A111, A113, and B114 had comparable or higher safety than curcumin. These data suggested that the introduction of appropriate substituents in the 4/4’‐positions could be a promising approach for curcumin‐based drug design. Drug Dev Res 77 : 43–49, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Metabolites from the Euryhaline Ciliate Pseudokeronopsis erythrina
Authors: Anesi Andrea , Buonanno Federico , di Giuseppe Graziano , Ortenzi Claudio , Guella Graziano 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThree new secondary metabolites (named erythrolactones A2, B2 and C2), that are characterized by a central 4‐hydroxy‐unsaturated δ lactone ring bearing an alkyl saturated chain at C(2) and a butyl‐benzenoid group at C(5), together with their respective sulfate esters (erythrolactones A1, B1 and C1), have been isolated from cell cultures of Pseudokeronopsis erythrina, clone TL‐1. The structures are assigned on the basis of extensive spectroscopic measurements (1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR and HR‐MALDI‐TOF). A plausible biogenetic route for their formation is also suggested. Cold‐shock treatment was performed in order to induce the discharge of the metabolites contained in pigment granules lying on the ciliary organelles of this microorganism. HPLC‐ESI‐MS analysis of this granule discharge reveals that erythrolactones A2–C2 are actually therein contained, strongly suggesting a possible role for these metabolites in the chemical defence strategy of P. erythrina.
Generation, Reactivity and Uses of Sulfines in Organic Synthesis
Authors: McCaw Patrick G. , Buckley Naomi M. , Collins Stuart G. , Maguire Anita R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis review focuses on the synthesis and reactivity of thioketone S‐oxides (sulfines). Sulfines have been long established as being reactive intermediates of high interest and with potential for wide application in organic synthesis. The review will cover many aspects of sulfines: the first section looks at the different routes to the synthesis of these compounds with a detailed look at more recently developed routes; the second section details the scope of reactivity of these types of compounds and how they are useful in synthetic organic chemistry with a particular look at cycloaddition and nucleophilic addition reactions.
2,2′‐Biindolyl Reactions with Aldehydes
Authors: Koch Daniel , Koch Eva , Desarbre Eric , Stensland Birgitta , Svensson Per H. , Bergman Jan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract2,2′‐Biindolyl has been condensed with aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and products featuring 10‐membered rings have been obtained. Thus, benzaldehyde gave compound 24a as the primary product, which readily underwent transannular oxidative coupling to 25a. The structures of both compounds were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. The product from 2,2′‐biindolyl and formaldehyde under strongly acidic conditions was slightly different leading to compound 11, whose structure also was confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. In this case, two molecules of 2,2′‐biindolyl reacted with six molecules of formaldehyde.
Tyrosinase Biosensor for Antioxidants Based on Semiconducting Polymer Support
Authors: Cabaj Joanna , Jędrychowska Agnieszka , Świst Agnieszka , Sołoducho Jadwiga 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study reports sensitive phenolic compounds detection using biosensing electrode constructed by immobilization of tyrosinase in an electrochemically synthesized copolymer based on N‐nonylcarbazole derivatives on a platinum (Pt) electrode. Tyrosinase has been successfully immobilized (electrolytic deposition) on the surface of thin film built of poly[2,7‐bis(selenophene)‐N‐nonylcarbazole] and poly[3,6‐bis(selenophene)‐N‐nonylcarbazole]. A well‐defined reduction current according to the phenolic compounds was observed in cyclic voltammetry, which assigned to the reduction of biocatalytically produced o‐quinones on the electrode surface. The immersion of the tyrosinase‐equipped electrode in solution with substrate generated large catalytic currents easily recorded by cyclic voltammetry. The response of the biosensing arrangement was estimated in the presence of catechol and L‐3,4‐dihydroxyphenylalanine (L‐DOPA). The system exhibits an explicit catalytic activity and the substrates can be amperometrically determined at +0.07 V vs. Ag/AgCl. The activation energy (Ea) of immobilized tyrosinase catalytic reaction was estimated as 24.65 kJ/mol in PBS buffer. The analytical properties of the developed biosensor, such as linear concentration range, sensitivity, detection limit and reproducibility, repeatibility were also evaluated. Considering the fact, that the immobilization policy proved high efficiency, the results suggest that the method for phenoloxidase immobilization has a big capacity of providing high throughput engineering of bioelectronic devices.
Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution on to pyrolyzed drinking water treatment residuals: Statistical process optimization, equilibrium, and kinetic analysis
Authors: Jung Kyung‐Won , Hwang Min‐Jin , Kim Kipal , Ahn Kyu‐Hong 
Published: February 2016

While the unique properties of drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs) make it possible to reuse them as a beneficial adsorbent for phosphate removal, the dispersed impurities on the surface or in the pores of raw DWTRs can hinder phosphate adsorption capabilities. Hence, in this study, a pyrolysis process (200–800°C for 2–8 h) was employed to remove such impurities. Testing confirmed that the pyrolyzed drinking water treatment residuals (PDRs) proved to be powerful adsorbent for the removal of phosphate from aqueous solutions. When pyrolysis temperature was increased up to 300°C, the phosphate adsorption capacity was enhanced due to the removal of impurities on the DWTRs surface, and the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity increased from 14.67 to 31.74 mg g−1, as indicated by the Freundlich model. However, a significant decrease of phosphate adsorption capacity was observed with further increase in temperature. Although structural and chemical properties of PDRs were found to be similar to raw DWTRs, the surface area and pore diameter became worse for adsorption due to the melting behavior of aluminum particles during pyrolysis. Subsequently, a statistical optimization was carried out using response surface methodology to optimize the pyrolysis conditions. As results, a phosphate adsorption capacity of 35.60 mg g−1 was recorded using the statistically optimized‐PDRs (SO‐PDRs). The results of phosphate adsorption equilibrium, isosteric heat of adsorption, and kinetic analysis at different temperatures tend to suggest that the main mechanisms of phosphate adsorption on to SO‐PDRs are endothermic and chemisorption reactions; the surfaces are energetically heterogeneous for adsorbing phosphate. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 35: 1035–1046, 2016
Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis GCL2505 on the physiological function of intestine in a rat model
Authors: Aoki Ryo , Tsuchida Sayaka , Arai Yuri , Ohno Konatsu , Nishijima Tomohiko , Mawatari Takashi , Mikami Yumiko , Ushida Kazunari 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis GCL2505 has been shown to proliferate in the human intestine. The intestinal dynamics and physiological effects of GCL2505 as well as the mechanism underlying proliferation in the gut were investigated. GCL2505 showed markedly higher resistance to free bile acids (cholic and deoxycholic acids) than other bifidobacterial species. The intestinal dynamics of GCL2505 and B. longum ssp. longum JCM1217T was compared. The level of B. animalis ssp. lactis in the GCL2505‐administered group was remarkably higher than that of B. longum in the JCM1217T‐administered group. The distribution of B. animalis ssp. lactis through the intestine of the GCL2505‐administered group revealed that GCL2505 proliferated in the cecum. The physiological effects of GCL2505 and JCM 1217T were investigated. The cecal IgA level in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly higher than that in the nontreated control group. In contrast, the JCM 1217T‐administered group did not manifest any change in the cecal IgA level. Mucin excretion in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly higher than that in the JCM 1217T‐administered group. The thickness of the sulfomucin layer of the colon in the GCL2505‐administered group tended to be higher than that in the JCM 1217T‐administered group. In a loperamide‐induced constipation model, fecal excretion in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly increased compared with that in the loperamide‐treated control group. Short‐chain fatty acid concentration in the GCL2505‐administered group was significantly higher than that in the loperamide‐treated control group. These results indicate that the level of proliferation of probiotics in the intestine correlates with the magnitude of host physiological responses, such as IgA production and mucin secretion, which possibly affect gastrointestinal functions such as bowel movement to counteract constipation. GCL2505 exhibits high tolerance to secondary bile acids, which partially explains its higher rate of proliferation in the large intestine.
Human papillomavirus–associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma and anogenital cancers in men: Epidemiologic evaluation of association
Authors: Marzouki Hani Z. , Biron Vincent L. , Harris Jeffrey , O'Connell Daniel , Seikaly Hadi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the possible epidemiological association between oropharyngeal carcinoma and anogenital tumors.MethodsPopulation‐based demographic and pathologic data on all male patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) and anogenital cancer between 1980 and 2011 in the province of Alberta was collected. The risk of association between anogenital cancers and OPSCCs was estimated.ResultsBetween 1980 and 2011, a total of 2105 male patients were diagnosed with OPSCC and 914 with anogenital cancers. Only 5 patients were diagnosed with both.ConclusionIn our male population, there was no significant association between anogenital and OPSCCs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2100–E2102, 2016
Multiportal combined transnasal transoral transpharyngeal endoscopic approach for selected skull base cancers
Authors: Turri–Zanoni Mario , Battaglia Paolo , Dallan Iacopo , Locatelli Davide , Castelnuovo Paolo 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundMinimally invasive endoscopic endonasal approaches to the ventral skull base have evolved considerably over the past several years. However, where there is a lateral extension of tumors as far as the parapharyngeal spaces with inferior extension below the level of the soft palate, limitations remain for an exclusive transnasal approach.MethodsA combined endoscopic‐assisted transnasal‐transoral‐transpharyngeal multiportal approach was performed to resect selected skull base malignancies that could not be adequately managed using a single approach.ResultsThree cases of skull base cancer (squamous cell carcinoma, polymorphous low‐grade adenocarcinoma, and high‐grade osteosarcoma) were suitable for such an approach. In all cases, a radical resection was obtained without major complications and with minimal morbidity for the patient.ConclusionThe transnasal, transoral, and transpharyngeal surgical windows are complementary approaches that, when combined, provide excellent exposure for selected skull base malignancies that have extended too laterally and inferiorly to allow an exclusively transnasal approach. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Head Neck 38: E2440–E2445, 2016