bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic systems (split beam echo sounder ) to determine abundance of fish in marine fisheries
Authors: Lubis Muhammad Zainuddin , Manik Henry M 
Published: March 2017

Acoustic waves are transmitted into the subsurface ocean will experience scattering (scattering) caused by marine organisms, material distributed in the ocean, the structure is not homogeneous in seawater, as well as reflections from the surface and the seabed. Estimation of fish stocks in the waters wide as in Indonesia have a lot of them are using the acoustic method. The acoustic method has high speed in predicting the size of fish stocks so as to allow acquiring data in real time, accurate and high speed so as to contribute fairly high for the provision of data and information of fishery resources. Split beam echo sounder comprises two aspects, and a transducer. The first aspect is the high-resolution color display for displaying echogram at some observations and also serves as a controller in the operation of the echo sounder. The second aspect is transceiver consisting of transmitter and receiver. The Echosounder divided beam first inserted into the ES 3800 by SIMRAD beginning of the 1980s and in 1985 was introduced to fishermen in Japan as a tool for catching up. Split beam transducer is divided into four quadrants. Factors that contribute affect the value of Target Strength (TS) fish Strength target can generally be influenced by three factors: a target factor itself, environmental factors, and factors acoustic instrument. Factors include the size of the target, the anatomy of fish, swim bladder, the behavior of orientation.
Effects of various factors on Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of radial and coccygeal arterial blood pressure in privately owned, conscious cats
Authors: Whittemore Jacqueline C. , Nystrom Michael R. , Mawby Dianne I. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of age, body condition score (BCS), and muscle condition score (MCS) on radial and coccygeal systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) in cats.
DESIGN Prospective randomized trial.
ANIMALS 66 privately owned cats enrolled between May and December 2010.
PROCEDURES BCS and MCS of cats were assessed by 2 investigators; SAP was measured via Doppler ultrasonic flow detector, with cats positioned in right lateral or sternal recumbency for measurements at the radial or coccygeal artery, respectively, with order of site randomized. Associations among variables were assessed through correlation coefficients, partial correlation coefficients, and ANCOVA.
RESULTS Interrater reliability for BCS and MCS assessment was high (correlation coefficients, 0.95 and 0.83, respectively). No significant effect was identified for order of SAP measurement sites. Coccygeal and radial SAP were positively correlated (ρ = 0.45). The median difference in coccygeal versus radial SAP was 19 mm Hg, but differences were not consistently positive or negative. Radial SAP was positively correlated with age (ρ = 0.48) and negatively correlated with MCS (ρ = −0.30). On the basis of the correlation analysis, the association between radial SAP and MCS reflected the confounding influence of age. Coccygeal SAP was not significantly correlated with age, BCS, or MCS.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of the coccygeal artery is recommended to reduce the confounding effects of age and sarcopenia on Doppler ultrasonographic SAP measurements in cats. Additionally, monitoring for changes in MCS is recommended for cats undergoing serial SAP measurement.
Factors that influence small animal veterinarians’ opinions and actions regarding cost of care and effects of economic limitations on patient care and outcome and professional career satisfaction and burnout
Authors: Kipperman Barry S. , Kass Philip H. , Rishniw Mark 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine small animal veterinarians’ opinions and actions regarding costs of care, obstacles to client education about veterinary care costs, and effects of economic limitations on patient care and outcome and professional career satisfaction and burnout.
DESIGN Cross-sectional survey.
SAMPLE 1,122 small animal practitioners in the United States and Canada.
PROCEDURES An online survey was sent to 37,036 veterinarians. Respondents provided information regarding perceived effects of client awareness of costs and pet health insurance coverage on various aspects of practice, the influence of client economic limitations on professional satisfaction and burnout, and proposals for addressing those effects.
RESULTS The majority (620/1,088 [57%]) of respondents indicated that client economic limitations affected their ability to provide the desired care for their patients on a daily basis. Approximately half (527/1,071 [49%]) of respondents reported a moderate-to-substantial level of burnout, and many cited client economic limitations as an important contributing factor to burnout. Only 31% and 23% of respondents routinely discussed veterinary costs and pet insurance, respectively, with clients before pets became ill, and lack of time was cited as a reason for forgoing those discussions. Most respondents felt improved client awareness of veterinary costs and pet health insurance would positively affect patient care and client and veterinarian satisfaction.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested most small animal practitioners believe the veterinary profession needs to take action at educational and organizational levels to inform pet owners and educate and train veterinary students and veterinarians about the costs of veterinary care.
The effect of unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation on the vocal dysfunction in a patient with spasmodic dysphonia: interrogating cerebellar and pallidal neural circuits
Authors: Poologaindran Anujan , Ivanishvili Zurab , Morrison Murray D. , Rammage Linda A. , Sandhu Mini K. , Polyhronopoulos Nancy E. , Honey Christopher R. 
Published: March 2017

Spasmodic dysphonia (SD) is a neurological disorder of the voice where a patient's ability to speak is compromised due to involuntary contractions of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles. Since the 1980s, SD has been treated with botulinum toxin A (BTX) injections into the throat. This therapy is limited by the delayed-onset of benefits, wearing-off effects, and repeated injections required every 3 months. In a patient with essential tremor (ET) and coincident SD, the authors set out to quantify the effects of thalamic deep brain stimulation (DBS) on vocal function while investigating the underlying motor thalamic circuitry.A 79-year-old right-handed woman with ET and coincident adductor SD was referred to our neurosurgical team. While primarily treating her limb tremor, the authors studied the effects of unilateral, thalamic DBS on vocal function using the Unified Spasmodic Dysphonia Rating Scale (USDRS) and voice-related quality of life (VRQOL). Since dystonia is increasingly being considered a multinodal network disorder, an anterior trajectory into the left thalamus was deliberately chosen such that the proximal contacts of the electrode were in the ventral oralis anterior (Voa) nucleus (pallidal outflow) and the distal contacts were in the ventral intermediate (Vim) nucleus (cerebellar outflow). In addition to assessing on/off unilateral thalamic Vim stimulation on voice, the authors experimentally assessed low-voltage unilateral Vim, Voa, or multitarget stimulation in a prospective, randomized, doubled-blinded manner. The evaluators were experienced at rating SD and were familiar with the vocal tremor of ET. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to study the pre- and posttreatment effect of DBS on voice.Unilateral left thalamic Vim stimulation (DBS on) significantly improved SD vocal dysfunction compared with no stimulation (DBS off), as measured by the USDRS (p < 0.01) and VRQOL (p < 0.01). In the experimental interrogation, both low-voltage Vim (p < 0.01) and multitarget Vim + Voa (p < 0.01) stimulation were significantly superior to low-voltage Voa stimulation.For the first time, the effects of high-frequency stimulation of different neural circuits in SD have been quantified. Unexpectedly, focused Voa (pallidal outflow) stimulation was inferior to Vim (cerebellar outflow) stimulation despite the classification of SD as a dystonia. While only a single case, scattered reports exist on the positive effects of thalamic DBS on dysphonia. A Phase 1 pilot trial (DEBUSSY; clinical trial no. NCT02558634, clinicaltrials.gov) is underway at the authors' center to evaluate the safety and preliminary efficacy of DBS in SD. The authors hope that this current report stimulates neurosurgeons to investigate this new indication for DBS.
The second-generation eCLIPs Endovascular Clip System: initial experience
Authors: Chiu Albert H. , De Vries Joost , O'Kelly Cian J. , Riina Howard , McDougall Ian , Tippett Jonathan , Wan Martina , de Oliveira Manoel Airton Leonardo , Marotta Thomas R. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVETreatment of wide-necked intracranial aneurysms is associated with higher recanalization and complication rates; however, the most commonly used methods are not specifically designed to work in bifurcation lesions. To address these issues, the authors describe the evolution in the design and use of the eCLIPs (Endovascular Clip System) device, a novel hybrid stent-like assist device with flow diverter properties that was first described in 2008.METHODSA registry was established covering 13 international centers at which patients were treated with the second-generation eCLIPs device. Aneurysm morphology and rupture status, device neck coverage, coil retention, and procedural and late morbidity and mortality were recorded. For those patients who had undergone successful implantation more than 6 months earlier, the final imaging and clinical follow-up results and need for re-treatment were recorded.RESULTSThirty-three patients were treated between June 2013 and September 2015. Twenty-five (76%) patients had successful placement of an eCLIPs device; 23 (92%) of these 25 patients had complete data. Eight cases of nondeployment occurred during the 1st year of use, consistent with a learning curve; no failures of deployment occurred thereafter. Two periprocedural transient ischemic attacks and 2 asymptomatic thrombotic events occurred. Twenty-one (91%) of 23 patients underwent follow-up at an average of 8 months (range 3–18 months); 9 (42.9%) of these 21 patients demonstrated an improvement in Raymond grade at follow-up; no cases of worsening Raymond grade were recorded, and 17 (81.0%) patients sustained a modified Raymond-Roy Classification class of I or II angiographic result at follow-up. Two delayed ruptures were recorded, both in previously coiled, symptomatic giant aneurysms where the device was used as a part of a salvage strategy.CONCLUSIONSThe second-generation eCLIPs device is a viable treatment option for bifurcation aneurysms. The aneurysm occlusion rates in this initial clinical series are comparable to the initial experience with other bifurcation support devices.
What Drives Country Differences in Cost of Alzheimer’s Disease? An Explanation from Resource Use in the GERAS Study
Authors: Reed Catherine , Happich Michael , Argimon Josep Maria , Haro Josep Maria , Wimo Anders , Bruno Giuseppe , Dodel Richard , Jones Roy W. , Vellas Bruno , Belger Mark 
Published: March 2017

Background: Country differences in resource use and costs of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) may be driven by differences in health care systems and resource availability. Objective: To compare country resource utilization drivers of societal costs for AD dementia over 18 months. Methods: GERAS is an observational study in France ( n = 419), Germany ( n = 550), and the UK ( n = 526). Resource use of AD patients and caregivers contributing to >1% of total societal costs (year 2010) was assessed for country differences, adjusting for participant characteristics. Results: Mean 18-month societal costs per patient were France €33,339, Germany €38,197, and UK €37,899 (£32,501). Caregiver time spent on basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADL) contributed the most to societal costs (54% France, 64% Germany, 65% UK). Caregivers in France spent less time on ADL than UK caregivers and missed fewer work days than in other countries. Compared with other countries, patients in France used more community care services overall and were more likely to use home aid. Patients in Germany were least likely to use temporary accommodation or to be institutionalized at 18 months. UK caregivers spent the most time on instrumental ADL, UK patients used fewest outpatient resources, and UK patients/caregivers were most likely to receive financial support. Conclusion: Caregiver time on ADL contributed the most to societal costs and differed across countries, possibly due to use of community care services and institutionalization. Other resources had different patterns of use across countries, reflecting country-specific health and social care systems.
Sleep Deprivation Induced Plasma Amyloid-β Transport Disturbance in Healthy Young Adults
Authors: Wei Meng , Zhao Beiyu , Huo Kang , Deng Yongning , Shang Suhang , Liu Jie , Li Yanbo , Ma Louyan , Jiang Yu , Dang Liangjun , Chen Chen , Wei Shan , Zhang Juanli , Yang Hailei , Gao Fan , Qu Qiumin 
Published: March 2017

Background: Sleep is an important physiological process and beneficial in the removal of brain metabolites and functional recovery. Prior studies have shown that sleep disorders are significant risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Objective: The present study was designed to characterize the effect of short-term total sleep deprivation (TSD) on plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) concentrations. Methods: A clinical trial was conducted between March 1, 2016, and April 1, 2016. Twenty volunteers (age 27.3±3.4 years) with normal cognitive function and sleeping habits were recruited from the local population. Participants underwent 24 h of TSD. Periprocedural blood samples were collected to compare the changes of plasma Aβ42, Aβ40, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (sLRP-1), soluble receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malonaldehyde (MDA). Results: TSD increased morning plasma Aβ40 levels by 32.6% ( p < 0.001) and decreased the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio by 19.3% ( p < 0.001). A positive relationship was found between TSD duration and plasma Aβ40 level ( r = 0.51, p < 0.001) and Aβ40/Aβ42 ratio ( r = 0.25, p = 0.003). Plasma concentrations of sLRP1 ( p = 0.018) and sRAGE ( p = 0.001) decreased significantly after TSD. Aβ40 and Aβ42 plasma concentrations correlated with plasma levels of sLRP1 and sRAGE. Serum SOD decreased after TSD ( p = 0.005), whereas serum MDA was increased ( p = 0.001). Conclusion: Sleep deprivation can lead to an elevation of plasma Aβ40 and decrease of the Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio. The underlying mechanisms may be related to increased oxidative stress and impaired peripheral Aβ clearance as pathomechanisms of AD.
Early feeding tolerance in small for gestational age infants with normal versus abnormal antenatal Doppler characteristics
Authors: Ahamed M.F. , Dar Pe’er , Vega M. , Kim Mimi , Gao Q. , Havranek T. 
Published: March 2017

OBJECTIVES: To determine differences in feeding tolerance amongst preterm small for gestational age (SGA) infants with normal versus abnormal umbilical artery Doppler flow defined as absent or reversed end diastolic flow (AREDF). METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of infants <35 weeks gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) <10th percentile. Day of initiation of feeds, days to full feeds and CRIB II scores were the primary outcomes. Clinical characteristics were compared between the groups of SGA infants with normal and AREDF. Multivariable regression models were fit to the data to adjust for potential confounders of the association of AREDF and feeding intolerance. RESULTS: 120 infants with normal and 64 infants with AREDF were included. The infants with AREDF were smaller (971 g vs. 1183 g, p = 0.0002), less mature (29.9 wks vs. 31.2 wks, p = 0.0009), had higher CRIB II score (7.2 vs. 5.2, p = 0.0033), started feeding later (4.1 days vs. 3.3 days, p = 0.020) and advanced slower to full feeds (17.7 days vs. 13.7 days, p = 0.0017). Necrotizing enterocolitis was similar between the groups ( p = 0.18). After adjusting for confounders, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of the initiation ( p = 0.37) and advancement of feeds ( p = 0.44). CONCLUSIONS: Infants with AREDF are sicker at birth and have more feeding difficulties; after adjusting for BW and GA, Doppler flow was no longer a significant predictor of feeding intolerance.
Superresolution Full-polarimetric Imaging for Radio Interferometry with Sparse Modeling
Authors: Akiyama Kazunori , Ikeda Shiro , Pleau Mollie , Fish Vincent L. , Tazaki Fumie , Kuramochi Kazuki , Broderick Avery E. , Dexter Jason , Mościbrodzka Monika , Gowanlock Michael , Honma Mareki , Doeleman Sheperd S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We propose a new technique for radio interferometry to obtain superresolution full-polarization images in all four Stokes parameters using sparse modeling. The proposed technique reconstructs the image in each Stokes parameter from the corresponding full-complex Stokes visibilities by utilizing two regularization functions: the ℓ
1 norm and the total variation (TV) of the brightness distribution. As an application of this technique, we present simulated linear polarization observations of two physically motivated models of M87 with the Event Horizon Telescope. We confirm that ℓ
1+TV regularization can achieve an optimal resolution of ∼25%–30% of the diffraction limit

, which is the nominal spatial resolution of a radio interferometer for both the total intensity (i.e., Stokes I) and linear polarizations (i.e., Stokes Q and U). This optimal resolution is better than that obtained from the widely used Cotton–Schwab CLEAN algorithm or from using ℓ
1 or TV regularizations alone. Furthermore, we find that ℓ
1+TV regularization can achieve much better image fidelity in linear polarization than other techniques over a wide range of spatial scales, not only in the superresolution regime, but also on scales larger than the diffraction limit. Our results clearly demonstrate that sparse reconstruction is a useful choice for high-fidelity full-polarimetric interferometric imaging.
The Pairing of Accreting Massive Black Holes in Multiphase Circumnuclear Disks: the Interplay Between Radiative Cooling, Star Formation, and Feedback Processes
Authors: Lima Rafael Souza , Mayer Lucio , Capelo Pedro R. , Bellovary Jillian M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We study the orbital decay of a pair of massive black holes (BHs) with masses

and 107

, using hydrodynamical simulations of circumnuclear disks (CNDs) with the alternating presence of sub-grid physics, such as radiative cooling, star formation, supernova feedback, BH accretion, and BH feedback. In the absence of such processes, the orbit of the secondary BH decays over timescales of

to the center of the CND, where the primary BH resides. When strong dissipation operates in CNDs, fragmentation into massive objects the size of giant molecular clouds with densities in the range 104–107 amu cm−3 occurs, causing stochastic torques and hits that can eject the secondary BH from the midplane. Outside the plane, the low-density medium provides only weak drag, and the BH return is governed by inefficient dynamical friction. In rare cases, clump–BH interactions can lead to a faster decay. Feedback processes lead to outflows, but do not significantly change the overall density of the CND midplane. However, with a spherically distributed BH feedback, a hot bubble is generated behind the secondary, which almost shuts off dynamical friction. We dub this phenomenon “wake evacuation.” It leads to delays in the decay, possibly of

. We discuss the non-trivial implications on the discovery space of the eLISA telescope. Our results suggest that the largest uncertainty in predicting BH merger rates lies in the potentially wide variety of galaxy host systems, with different degrees of gas dissipation and heating, yielding decay timescales from

to

.
Energy Cascade Rate in Compressible Fast and Slow Solar Wind Turbulence
Authors: Hadid L. Z. , Sahraoui F. , Galtier S. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Estimation of the energy cascade rate in the inertial range of solar wind turbulence has been done so far mostly within incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) theory. Here, we go beyond that approximation to include plasma compressibility using a reduced form of a recently derived exact law for compressible, isothermal MHD turbulence. Using in situ data from the THEMIS/ARTEMIS spacecraft in the fast and slow solar wind, we investigate in detail the role of the compressible fluctuations in modifying the energy cascade rate with respect to the prediction of the incompressible MHD model. In particular, we found that the energy cascade rate (1) is amplified particularly in the slow solar wind; (2) exhibits weaker fluctuations in spatial scales, which leads to a broader inertial range than the previous reported ones; (3) has a power-law scaling with the turbulent Mach number; (4) has a lower level of spatial anisotropy. Other features of solar wind turbulence are discussed along with their comparison with previous studies that used incompressible or heuristic (nonexact) compressible MHD models.
Farthest Neighbor: The Distant Milky Way Satellite Eridanus II*
Authors: Li T. S. , Simon J. D. , Drlica-Wagner A. , Bechtol K. , Wang M. Y. , García-Bellido J. , Frieman J. , Marshall J. L. , James D. J. , Strigari L. , Pace A. B. , Balbinot E. , Zhang Y. , Abbott T. M. C. , Allam S. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bernstein G. M. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Carretero J. , Cunha C. E. , D’Andrea C. B. , Costa L. N. da , DePoy D. L. , Desai S. , Diehl H. T. , Eifler T. F. , Flaugher B. , Goldstein D. A. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Gschwend J. , Gutierrez G. , Krause E. , Kuehn K. , Lin H. , Maia M. A. G. , March M. , Menanteau F. , Miquel R. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Sanchez E. , Santiago B. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla-Noarbe I. , Smith R. C. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Tarle G. , Thomas D. , Tucker D. L. , Walker A. R. , Wechsler R. H. , Wester W. , Yanny B. ,   (DES Collaboration)
Published: March 2017

Abstract
We present Magellan/IMACS spectroscopy of the recently discovered Milky Way satellite Eridanus II (Eri II). We identify 28 member stars in Eri II, from which we measure a systemic radial velocity of

and a velocity dispersion of

. Assuming that Eri II is a dispersion-supported system in dynamical equilibrium, we derive a mass within the half-light radius of

, indicating a mass-to-light ratio of

/

and confirming that it is a dark matter-dominated dwarf galaxy. From the equivalent width measurements of the Ca triplet lines of 16 red giant member stars, we derive a mean metallicity of [Fe/H] = −2.38 ± 0.13 and a metallicity dispersion of

. The velocity of Eri II in the Galactic standard of rest frame is v
GSR = −66.6

, indicating that either Eri II is falling into the Milky Way potential for the first time or that it has passed the apocenter of its orbit on a subsequent passage. At a Galactocentric distance of ∼370 kpc, Eri II is one of the Milky Way’s most distant satellites known. Additionally, we show that the bright blue stars previously suggested to be a young stellar population are not associated with Eri II. The lack of gas and recent star formation in Eri II is surprising given its mass and distance from the Milky Way, and may place constraints on models of quenching in dwarf galaxies and on the distribution of hot gas in the Milky Way halo. Furthermore, the large velocity dispersion of Eri II can be combined with the existence of a central star cluster to constrain massive compact halo object dark matter with mass ≳10

.