bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct Tubular Lumbar Microdiscectomy for Far Lateral Disc Herniation: A Modified Approach
Authors: Siu Timothy L T , Lin Kainu 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThe concept of minimally invasive tubular discectomy is based on precise placement of the retractor over the surgical target to minimize collateral tissue trauma. For far lateral disc herniation, the junction between the pars and the transverse process has generally been adopted as the target for facilitating early nerve root exposure; however, this may limit access to the disc space and increase the risks of iatrogenic neuralgia. An alternative approach to help address these issues involving docking the retractor caudally directly over the disc space with the aid of a microscope is here proposed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of such an approach.MethodsNineteen patients in whom the modified approach was performed over a 35‐month period were identified. Direct access to the disc space was attained by directing the retractor against the lateral margin of the facet joint and following the inferior transverse process medially towards the foramen with minimal exposure of the nerve root. Clinical outcomes were assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index, visual analogue scale scores for leg and back pain, Short Form 36 physical functioning (SF36‐PF) and bodily pain (SF36‐BP) scores and sciatica bothersomeness and frequency indexes (SBI & SFI) and obtained from a prospective patient database. Follow‐up data in the first 6 months were compared with preoperative baseline data.ResultsAll procedures were successfully completed with the modified approach. Contained disc herniation without sequestrated fragments was found in all but four cases. No perioperative complications or reoperation were recorded and no postoperative dysesthesia was noted. Clinically significant reductions in mean Oswestry Disability Index (32; 95% CI, 21–43) and visual analogue scale scores for leg pain (38 mm; 95% CI, 23–54 mm) and back pain (35 mm; 95% CI, 21–48 mm) scores were noted in the first 6 months. Significant improvements in SF36‐PF (40; 95% CI, 30–51) and SF36‐BP (35; 95% CI, 26–43), SBI (9; 95% CI, 6–11) and SFI (11; 95% CI, 8–13) were also recorded.ConclusionsA modified direct tubular approach is safe and effective for treating far lateral lumbar disc herniation. Our early results suggest that this approach helps safeguard adequate decompression and reduce the risk of postoperative dysesthesia.
Partial versus Intact Posterior Cruciate Ligament‐retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Comparative Study of Early Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Zhang Bo , Cheng Cheng‐kung , Qu Tie‐Bing , Hai Yong , Lin Yuan , Pan Jiang , Wang Zhi‐wei , Wen Liang 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveWhether the entire posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) should be retained during cruciate‐retaining total knee arthroplasty (CR TKA) is controversial. The goal of this study was to compare the early clinical outcomes of partial versus intact PCL‐retaining TKA.MethodsNinety‐two patients who had undergone unilateral CR TKA from March 2012 to June 2013 were enrolled in this study. Forty‐six of these patients were randomly selected to undergo intact PCL‐retaining TKA (intact group), whereas the remaining 46 patients underwent tibial osteotomy together with anterolateral bundle and bone island resection (partial group). All operations were performed by a senior orthopedic surgeon and the PCL was released to some extent in both groups. After TKA, active and passive flexion and extension exercises of the knee and lower limb strength exercises were maintained until at least 3 months after surgery. Before surgery and 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery, range of motion, Knee Society Clinical Rating System scores (including clinical and functional scores of the knee) and maximum anteroposterior (AP) displacement of the knee at 30° and 90° of knee flexion were evaluated in both groups.ResultsFourteen patients were rejected from the final analysis because of loss to follow‐up or development of complications. Thus, 40 patients from the partial group and 38 from the intact group were followed up for 24–41 months (mean 32.8 months). Knee functional scores were significantly higher in the intact than in the partial group (88.1 vs. 84.8 points) 24 months after surgery There were no significant differences in range of motion or knee clinical scores between the two groups at any time point. However, 12 and 24 months after surgery, the mean maximum AP displacement of the knee in 90° knee flexion was significantly greater in the partial than in the intact group (12 months: 6.3 vs. 5.7 mm; 24 months: 7.0 vs. 6.2 mm).ConclusionDouble‐bundle PCL plays an important role in maintaining knee stability; the entire PCL should therefore be retained during CR TKA.
Comparison of AO Titanium Locking Plate and Screw Fixation versus Anterograde Intramedullary Fixation for Isolated Unstable Metacarpal and Phalangeal Fractures
Authors: Zhang Bing , Hu Pan , Yu Kun‐lun , Bai Jiang‐bo , Tian De‐hu , Zhang Gui‐sheng , Shao Xin‐zhong , Zhang Ying‐ze 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of AO titanium locking plate and screw (ATLPS) and anterograde intramedullary (AIM) fixation for treating unstable metacarpal and phalangeal fractures.MethodsAdult patients with isolated fresh unstable metacarpal and phalangeal fractures who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled into this prospective study from July 2013. Patients were divided into ATLPS or AIM groups when they were admitted to our department after considering their work requirement, fracture complexity, and surgeon's experience and were then treated accordingly. Relevant demographic, clinical and preoperative clinical data were collected and analyzed. Clinical examination and radiograph evaluation were performed 1 week and 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Outcome measures were visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain, total range of motion (ROM) of the injured digit, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores (Quick‐DASH) and grip strength (percentage of the contralateral corresponding digit).ResultsFrom July 2013 to September 2014, 76 patients were treated by AIM and 71 by ATLPS. Age, sex, time from injury to operation, dominant hand, injury mechanism, fracture location, fracture type and participant occupation were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Operations were all performed well and followed by uneventful postoperative functional recoveries. At 3‐month follow‐up, all clinical outcomes were significantly better in the AIM than ATLPS group (
P
< 0.05) except for VAS pain scores. However, at 6‐month follow‐up, the differences were no longer significant, indicating similar results for both types of fixation. Patients in the AIM group developed significantly more complications (
P
= 0.037). Sick leave was significantly longer in the AIM group (
P
= 0.02).Conclusions
AIM outperforms ATLPS in the treatment of unstable metacarpal and phalangeal fractures in the early, but not the later, postoperative period; the latter is associated with significantly more complications. Patients treated by ATLPS require shorter sick leave, which is of particular benefit to workers with specialized manual skills.
Intraoperative Arthrogram Predicts Residual Dysplasia after Successful Closed Reduction of DDH
Authors: Zhang Zhong‐li , Fu Zhe , Yang Jian‐ping , Wang Kan , Xie Li‐wei , Deng Shu‐zhen , Chen Zhao‐qiang 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the incidence of residual dysplasia after closed reduction (CR) of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and assess correlations between quality of arthrogram‐guided CR and residual dysplasia using a new intraoperative radiographic criterion.MethodsData of a consecutive series of 126 patients with DDH in 139 hips treated at our institution by arthrogram‐guided CR from March 2006 to June 2013 were reviewed in this retrospective study. There were 23 boys and 103 girls with 88 affected left hips and 51 right hips. The average age at closed reduction was 14 months (range, 7–19 months) and average duration of follow‐up 36 months (range, 24–100 months). Femoral head coverage (FHC) and arthrography type (A/B/C) on best reduced arthrographic images, acetabular index (AI) and Wiberg Center‐Edge (CE) angle on anteroposterior (AP) pelvis radiograph at latest follow‐up were measured. Residual hip dysplasia was determined according to the Harcke acetabular dysplasia radiographic standard. Patients were divided into non‐late acetabular dysplasia (non‐LACD) and late acetabular dysplasia (LACD) groups according to final results and age at reduction, sex and side compared between these two groups. Correlations between FHC and arthrography type and residual hip dysplasia were analyzed. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to analyze sex, AI at CR, arthrography type and FHC with LACD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the cutoff value for FHC.ResultsForty‐five of 139 hips (32.4%) had residual hip dysplasia. Avascular necrosis of the femoral head occurred in 11 hips (7.9%), nine of which had acetabular dysplasia. There were no significant differences between the two groups in age at reduction, sex or side. FHC differed significantly between the two groups (51.2% ± 15.3% vs
. 28.5% ± 15.9%, t = 4.718, P = 0.000). A significantly greater percentage of the arthrography Type C group than Type A and B groups had LACD (χ2 = 17.170, P = 0.017). According to multiple logistic regression analysis, FHC was the only prognostic factor for LACD. There was a clear cutoff value for FHC (30%), under which 81.8% hips were determined as having LACD according to ROC curve analysis.ConclusionsIntraoperative arthrogram‐determined FHC is an alternative predictor of residual hip dysplasia after CR of DDH and FHC ≤30% can be considered the criterion for unacceptable reduction.
Feeling bad and doing good: The effect of customer mistreatment on service employee's daily display of helping behaviors
Authors: Yue Yumeng , Wang Karyn L. , Groth Markus 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMistreatment by customers is a common occurrence for many frontline service employees. Although some evidence suggests that employees engage in dysfunctional workplace behaviors as a result of mistreatment, others studies have suggested that employees may cope with such negative experiences by helping others. Drawing on negative state relief theory, we conducted 2 studies to test these relationships and examine whether service employees cope with negative emotions arising from such daily customer mistreatment by engaging in helping others. In Study 1, daily surveys from 70 restaurant employees showed that daily customer mistreatment predicted the experience of negative moods the next morning, which, in turn, led to higher levels of coworker helping the next day. In Study 2, daily surveys from 54 retail employees showed that daily customer mistreatment led to higher customer helping the next day, but only when customer orientation was high. Our results further show that helping behavior was associated with elevated positive affective experiences and that the proposed relationships differ depending on whether customer mistreatment is measured at a daily or a cumulative perspective. Specifically, cumulative customer mistreatment over time decreased general helping. These findings are discussed in relation to employees' coping strategies towards acute and cumulative mistreatment.
Juvenile Hormone and the endocrine regulation of wing polymorphism in insects: new insights from circadian and functional‐genomic studies in Gryllus crickets
Authors: Zera Anthony J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFor decades, Juvenile Hormone (JH) has been a major focus of studies investigating the endocrine regulation of wing‐polymorphism. The most general model postulates a single threshold, above which JH causes the expression of traits that define the short‐winged morph (SW), and below which JH causes the expression of traits that define the long‐winged morph (LW). Early studies in aphids and crickets reported ambiguous results as a result of the small size of aphids or the very low JH titre in nymphal crickets. Detailed studies in wing morphs of adult Gryllus firmus Scudder uncovered an unexpected and novel morph‐specific JH titre circadian cycle (cycling in LW but not in SW) in both the laboratory and field. This finding clearly contradicts the classic model. Morph‐specific daily rhythms in global gene expression are strongly associated with (and are possibly caused by) the morph‐specific JH titre rhythm. Daily rhythms for hormonal traits and gene expression, which are largely ignored in studies of life‐history evolution, may be common and play an important role in adaptation. Juvenile Hormone has likely evolved a specialized within‐morph function in G. firmus, regulating aspects of daily flight in the LW morph, which exhibits circadian flight. Other hormones, such as insulin‐like peptides and ecdysteroids, possibly regulate the expression of chronic (long‐term, noncircadian) differences between LW and SW morphs. Future studies should aim to investigate JH titres in more detail, as well as other hormones, most notably peptides and biogenic amines, which are largely ignored in endocrine studies of wing polymorphism.
Phytophthora caryae sp. nov., a new species recovered from streams and rivers in the eastern United States
Authors: Brazee N. J. , Yang X. , Hong C. X. 
Published: September 2016

Members of the Phytophthora citricola complex (Phytophthora clade 2c), such as P. plurivora, are destructive pathogens of trees and shrubs in nursery, landscape and forest settings worldwide. During surveys of Phytophthora species from streams and rivers in Massachusetts and North Carolina, a novel species in the P. citricola complex was recovered. Based on sequences from three nuclear (ITS, β‐tub and tef1) and two mitochondrial (cox1 and nadh1) loci, morphological characters, temperature–growth relationships and host plant inoculations, this novel species is described as Phytophthora caryae sp. nov. Phytophthora caryae resembles several other species in the P. citricola complex, demonstrating homothallism and producing paragynous antheridia and semipapillate and noncaducous sporangia. However, P. caryae exhibits smaller sexual structures, higher rates of oogonia with a tapered base and sporangia with an offset attachment of the sporangiophores. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference placed isolates of P. caryae into a unique clade with significant statistical support. Based on the mitochondrial dataset, P. caryae is most closely related to P. pini and P. citricola III, which are believed to be native in eastern North America. Inoculations of P. caryae on 1‐year‐old twigs of 12 tree species representing nine genera resulted in under‐bark lesions on species of Carya and Juglans. Sapling inoculations under greenhouse conditions suggest that P. caryae may be pathogenic to shagbark hickory (Carya ovata) but not to black walnut (Juglans nigra).
Cuneiform Sources for Judeans in Babylonia in the Neo‐Babylonian and Achaemenid Periods: An Overview
Authors: Pearce Laurie E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCuneiform Sources for Judeans in Babylonia in the Neo‐Babylonian and Achaemenid Periods: An OverviewCuneiform documents written in Babylonia provide valuable evidence for the experience of the Judeans who came there during the Exile and who remained throughout the Neo‐Babylonian and Achaemenid periods. Recent publications add significant data to the corpus previously known. The article describes and summarizes the relevant cuneiform evidence that informs an understanding of the Judeans' role in the social and economic history of Babylonia. Comparanda make clear that the Judeans occupied a place in the Babylonian economy and social order similar to that of other deportee populations in Babylonia.
Ice slurry ingestion does not enhance self‐paced intermittent exercise in the heat
Authors: Gerrett N. , Jackson S. , Yates J. , Thomas G. 
Published: September 2016

This study aimed to determine if ice slurry ingestion improved self‐paced intermittent exercise in the heat. After a familiarisation session, 12 moderately trained males (30.4 ± 3.4 year, 1.8 ± 0.1 cm, 73.5 ± 14.3 kg, O2max 58.5 ± 8.1 mL/kg/min) completed two separate 31 min self‐paced intermittent protocols on a non‐motorised treadmill in 30.9 ± 0.9 °C, 41.1 ± 4.0% RH. Thirty minutes prior to exercise, participants consumed either 7.5 g/kg ice slurry (0.1 ± 0.1 °C) (ICE) or 7.5 g/kg water (23.4 ± 0.9 °C) (CONTROL). Despite reductions in Tc (ΔTc: −0.51 ± 0.3 °C, P < 0.05) and thermal sensation prior to exercise, ICE did not enhance self‐paced intermittent exercise compared to CONTROL. The average speed during the walk (CONTROL: 5.90 ± 1.0 km, ICE: 5.90 ± 1.0 km), jog (CONTROL: 8.89 ± 1.7 km, ICE: 9.11 ± 1.5 km), run (CONTROL: 12.15 ± 1.7 km, ICE: 12.54 ± 1.5 km) and sprint (CONTROL: 17.32 ± 1.3 km, ICE: 17.18 ± 1.4 km) was similar between conditions (P > 0.05). Mean Tsk, Tb, blood lactate, heart rate and RPE were similar between conditions (P > 0.05). The findings suggest that lowering Tc prior to self‐paced intermittent exercise does not translate into an improved performance.
CENH3 morphogenesis reveals dynamic centromere associations during synaptonemal complex formation and the progression through male meiosis in hexaploid wheat
Authors: Sepsi Adél , Higgins James D. , Heslop‐Harrison John S. (Pat) , Schwarzacher Trude 
Published: September 2016

SummaryDuring meiosis, centromeres in some species undergo a series of associations, but the processes and progression to homologous pairing is still a matter of debate. Here, we aimed to correlate meiotic centromere dynamics and early telomere behaviour to the progression of synaptonemal complex (SC) construction in hexaploid wheat (2n = 42) by triple immunolabelling of CENH3 protein marking functional centromeres, and SC proteins ASY1 (unpaired lateral elements) and ZYP1 (central elements in synapsed chromosomes). We show that single or multiple centromere associations formed in meiotic interphase undergo a progressive polarization (clustering) at the nuclear periphery in early leptotene, leading to formation of the telomere bouquet. Critically, immunolabelling shows the dynamics of these presynaptic centromere associations and a structural reorganization of the centromeric chromatin coinciding with key events of synapsis initiation from the subtelomeric regions. As short stretches of subtelomeric synapsis emerged at early zygotene, centromere clusters lost their strong polarization, gradually resolving as individual centromeres indicated by more than 21 CENH3 foci associated with unpaired lateral elements. Only following this centromere depolarization were homologous chromosome arms connected, as observed by the alignment and fusion of interstitial ZYP1 loci elongating at zygotene so synapsis at centromeres is a continuation of the interstitial synapsis. Our results thus reveal that centromere associations are a component of the timing and progression of chromosome synapsis, and the gradual release of the individual centromeres from the clusters correlates with the elongation of interstitial synapsis between the corresponding homologues.
Heat‐shock protein 70 expression in the equine cornea
Authors: Peterson Cornelia , Driskell Elizabeth , Wilkie David , Premanandan Christopher , Hamor Ralph 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveExpression of the 70‐kDa heat‐shock protein (HSP70) has been demonstrated in normal canine corneal epithelium, and inducible expression has been suggested to facilitate wound resolution through organized migration, proliferation, and adhesion of the corneal epithelial cells. Diminished expression ofHSP70 may therefore contribute to prolonged healing in the pathologic cornea of other companion animal species, including the horse.Animal studiedNormal and pathologic equine cornea was evaluated to determine whether the expression ofHSP70 is correlated with appropriate corneal epithelial wound healing.ProceduresParaffin‐embedded tissue from normal equine cornea and therapeutic keratectomies of sterile keratopathies was subject to routine immunohistochemistry forHSP70.ResultsNormal equine corneas exhibited the baseline expression ofHSP70 in the nuclei of all epithelial cells as well as the cytoplasm of the basal epithelium. Expression ofHSP70 in suspected immune‐mediated keratitis was localized to the cytoplasm of basal epithelial cells and nuclei of all epithelial cells, similar to the normal equine cornea. Expression in indolent ulcers was diminished; weak, diffuse staining was noted in the cytoplasm of all epithelial cells.ConclusionsThese findings suggest the expression ofHSP70 is induced in the normal equine cornea during re‐epithelialization and may be altered in sterile keratopathies.
Simultaneous 4D‐CBCT reconstruction with sliding motion constraint
Authors: Dang Jun , Yin Fang‐Fang , You Tao , Dai Chunhua , Chen Deyu , Wang Jing 
Published: September 2016

PurposeCurrent approaches using deformable vector field (DVF) for motion‐compensated 4D‐cone beam CT (CBCT) reconstruction typically utilize an isotropically smoothed DVF between different respiration phases. Such isotropically smoothed DVF does not work well if sliding motion exists between neighboring organs. This study investigated an anisotropic motion modeling scheme by extracting organ boundary local motions (e.g., sliding) and incorporated them into 4D‐CBCT reconstruction to optimize the motion modeling and reconstruction methods.MethodsInitially, a modified simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (mSART) was applied to reconstruct high quality reference phase CBCT using all phase projections. The initial DVFs were precalculated and subsequently updated to achieve the optimized solution. During the DVF update, sliding motion estimation was performed by matching the measured projections to the forward projection of the deformed reference phase CBCT. In this process, each moving organ boundary was first segmented. The normal vectors of the boundary DVF were then extracted and incorporated for further DVF optimization. The regularization term in the objective function adaptively regularizes the DVF by (1) isotopically smoothing the DVF within each organ; (2) smoothing the DVF at boundary along the normal direction; and (3) leaving the tangent direction of boundary DVF unsmoothed (i.e., allowing for sliding motion). A nonlinear conjugate gradient optimizer was used. The algorithm was validated on a digital cubic tube phantom with sliding motion, nonuniform rotational B‐spline based cardiac‐torso (NCAT) phantom, and two anonymized patient data. The relative reconstruction error (RE), the motion trajectory's root mean square error (RMSE) together with its maximum error (MaxE), and the Dice coefficient of the lung boundary were calculated to evaluate the algorithm performance.ResultsFor the cubic tube and NCAT phantom tests, the REs are 10.2% and 7.4% with sliding motion compensation, compared to 13.4% and 8.9% without sliding modeling. The motion trajectory's RMSE and MaxE for NCAT phantom tests are 0.5 and 0.8 mm with sliding motion constraint compared to 3.5 and 7.3 mm without sliding motion modeling. The Dice coefficients for both NCAT phantom and the patients show a consistent trend that sliding motion constraint achieves better similarity for segmented lung boundary compared with the ground truth or patient reference.ConclusionsA sliding motion‐compensated 4D‐CBCT reconstruction and the motion modeling scheme was developed. Both phantom and patient study demonstrated the improved accuracy and motion modeling accuracy in reconstructed 4D‐CBCT.