bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outer Membrane Permeability of Cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. Strain PCC 6803: Studies of Passive Diffusion of Small Organic Nutrients Reveal the Absence of Classical Porins and Intrinsically Low Permeability
Authors: Kowata Hikaru , Tochigi Saeko , Takahashi Hideyuki , Kojima Seiji 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

The outer membrane of heterotrophic Gram-negative bacteria plays the role of a selective permeability barrier that prevents the influx of toxic compounds while allowing the nonspecific passage of small hydrophilic nutrients through porin channels. Compared with heterotrophic Gram-negative bacteria, the outer membrane properties of cyanobacteria, which are Gram-negative photoautotrophs, are not clearly understood. In this study, using small carbohydrates, amino acids, and inorganic ions as permeation probes, we determined the outer membrane permeability of
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6803 in intact cells and in proteoliposomes reconstituted with outer membrane proteins. The permeability of this cyanobacterium was >20-fold lower than that of
Escherichia coli
. The predominant outer membrane proteins Slr1841, Slr1908, and Slr0042 were not permeable to organic nutrients and allowed only the passage of inorganic ions. Only the less abundant outer membrane protein Slr1270, a homolog of the
E. coli
export channel TolC, was permeable to organic solutes. The activity of Slr1270 as a channel was verified in a recombinant Slr1270-producing
E. coli
outer membrane. The lack of putative porins and the low outer membrane permeability appear to suit the cyanobacterial autotrophic lifestyle; the highly impermeable outer membrane would be advantageous to cellular survival by protecting the cell from toxic compounds, especially when the cellular physiology is not dependent on the uptake of organic nutrients.

IMPORTANCE
Because the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria affects the flux rates for various substances into and out of the cell, its permeability is closely associated with cellular physiology. The outer membrane properties of cyanobacteria, which are photoautotrophic Gram-negative bacteria, are not clearly understood. Here, we examined the outer membrane of
Synechocystis
sp. strain PCC 6803. We revealed that it is relatively permeable to inorganic ions but is markedly less permeable to organic nutrients, with >20-fold lower permeability than the outer membrane of
Escherichia coli
. Such permeability appears to fit the cyanobacterial lifestyle, in which the diffusion pathway for inorganic solutes may suffice to sustain the autotrophic physiology, illustrating a link between outer membrane permeability and the cellular lifestyle.
Inhibiting 4EBP1 in Glioblastoma
Authors: Fan Qi Wen , Nicolaides Theodore P. , Weiss William A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and aggressive adult brain cancer. Tumors show frequent dysregulation of the PI3K–mTOR pathway. Although a number of small molecules target the PI3K–AKT–mTOR axis, their preclinical and clinical efficacy has been limited. Reasons for treatment failure include poor penetration of agents into the brain and observations that blockade of PI3K or AKT minimally affects downstream mTOR activity in glioma. Clinical trials using allosteric mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin and rapalogs) to treat patients with glioblastoma have also been unsuccessful or uncertain, in part, because rapamycin inefficiently blocks the mTORC1 target 4EBP1 and feeds back to activate PI3K–AKT signaling. Inhibitors of the mTOR kinase (TORKi) such as TAK-228/MLN0128 interact orthosterically with the ATP- and substrate-binding pocket of mTOR kinase, efficiently block 4EBP1 in vitro, and are currently being investigated in the clinical trials. Preclinical studies suggest that TORKi have poor residence times of mTOR kinase, and our data suggest that this poor pharmacology translates into disappointing efficacy in glioblastoma xenografts. RapaLink-1, a TORKi linked to rapamycin, represents a drug with improved pharmacology against 4EBP1. In this review, we clarify the importance of 4EBP1 as a biomarker for the efficacy of PI3K–AKT–mTOR inhibitors in glioblastoma. We also review mechanistic data by which RapaLink-1 blocks p-4EBP1 and discuss future clinical strategies for 4EBP1 inhibition in glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 14–21. ©2017 AACR.
Water-Blown Rigid Foams
Authors: Christman D. L. , Reichel C. J. 
Published: July 2017

With the scheduled phase out of CFCs near at hand, many companies have been investigating completely water-blown (CO2) rigid foams. Several problems surfaced immediately such as a substantial increase in k-factor, a reluctance for the foaming mass to flow and fill molds properly, and a tendency for the foam to be dimensionally unstable in the density range commonly considered. Several applications do not require that k-factor be the primary concern. For instance, the insulation provided by some units containing rigid foam is affected by the tightness of the lid to the case, and insulation is required for only a limited, not an extended period of time, as for example, a picnic cooler. In such applications, a water-blown foam provides sufficient insulation and rigidity in the cooler walls to provide a satisfactory result. However, the foam in such cases must be dimensionally stable, i.e., over a period of time in which the cooler may be subjected to a number of heating and cooling cycles, the foam must not shrink, expand, or distort. One method to accomplish this is to use open-celled foam, since the cells contain no trapped gas to exert internal pressure on heating or cause a semi-vacuum on cooling. At BASF we have uncovered a family of additives which act as cell openers when added to resin formulations. Using standard rigid foam polyols, we have prepared foams with densities as low as 0.90 pcf which show less than 5% dimensional changes when kept at 158°F and 100% R.H. for 28 days. The measured closed cell content can be as low as 3-5%, although foams in the 1.1-1.4 pcf density range were found to be dimensionally stable at closed cell contents as high as 88%.
Performance of Carbon Black-Containing Polyurethane Foam in Domestic Refrigerators
Authors: Pisipati J. S. , Godbey J. A. 
Published: July 2017

The North American appliance industry has been challenged to meet stringent federal standards for energy consumption using CFC alternatives, which generally increase thermal conductivity of a foam. After a period of evaluating several options, the industry has, for the most part, settled on hydrochloro-fluorocarbon, HCFC-141b, as a substitute for CFC-11. Studies have shown that appliance foam systems using carbon black in conjunction with HCFC-141b lower k-factors by 6-9% both in panels and in cabinets. Recent efforts in this area have demonstrated that this approach not only lowers k-factors but can provide benefits to reduce energy consumption of refrigerator cabinets. Preliminary evaluation of carbon black-containing foams based on HCFC-141b had shown that the material processed well in cabinets and had no effect on linear appearance. No modifications to the foam processing equipment was necessary. Since black dispersions are relatively higher in viscosity compared to conventional isocyanates, a process study was conducted to understand flow behavior and maximize foam performance in cabinets. Handmix work was extended to cyclopentane systems. Studies have shown that improvements of 7-9% in k-factors can be obtained in foams containing carbon black. This work demonstrates the versatility of using carbon black with different blowing agents. The use of carbon black provides an additional means of improving thermal insulation of polyurethane foam produced with current technologies.
A Preliminary Study of the Prognostic Role of Electromyography in Laryngeal Paralysis
Authors: Min Young B. , Finnegan Eileen M. , Hoffman Henry T. , Luschei Erich S. , McCulloch Timothy M. 
Published: July 2017

Confidence in the reliability of laryngeal electromyography to predict recovery is critical if this tool is to be used to select the type and timing of surgical intervention. The characteristics of electromyography of 14 patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis were assessed to determine which factor or combination of factors would be most useful in determining prognosis. We examined the duration, amplitude, waveform morphology, root‐mean‐square, and time interval from onset to electromyography recording. The results supported the concept that electromyography recordings are valuable in determining prognosis if performed before 6 months and preferably within 6 weeks of onset of laryngeal paralysis. A positive prognosis for laryngeal recovery was indicated when the following electromyography features were present in the immobile vocal fold: (1) normal motor unit waveform morphology. (2) overall electromyography activity characterized by a root‐mean‐square value greater than 40 μV in any one task, and (3) no electrical silence during voluntary tasks. On the basis of this criteria our overall correct prognostic rate was 89%.
Long-term effects of premature birth on somatic development in women through adolescence and adulthood
Authors: Kaczmarczyk Katarzyna , Pituch-Zdanowska Aleksandra , Wiszomirska Ida , Magiera Andrzej , Ronikier Aleksander 
Published: July 2017

Objectives To evaluate the long-term consequences of preterm birth on anthropometric parameters in women in adolescence and into adulthood. Methods Seventy girls born preterm (age 12.22 ± 1.52 years) and 48 born at term participated in the first stage. Eighteen years later, 13 of the same women participated in a follow-up and were compared with a control group of 27 women. We compared anthropometric results across the two examinations, and in the second stage, also assessed body composition using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Results No significant differences were found in anthropometric parameters or the content of individual components of the body between the preterm-born and control groups. However, the preterm-born group showed a tendency for higher average fat mass and lower fat-free and soft lean mass compared with the control group, and had a significantly higher mean waist–hip ratio. Conclusions Preterm birth does not adversely affect somatic development in girls during adolescence, but shows a correlation with an elevated waist–hip ratio in adulthood.
Un enfoque de la RSC en la televisión en España. Visión comparada a través del análisis de Atresmedia y Mediaset
Authors: Aguilar Conde Pablo , Cantalapiedra Nieto Basilio 
Published: July 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir la adecuación de los planteamientos sobre responsabilidad social corporativa de los dos grandes grupos audiovisuales españoles, Atresmedia y Mediaset, con la aplicación del Código de Autorregulación de Contenidos Televisivos e Infancia en el tramo de programación considerado de protección reforzada para los menores. Se parte de la premisa de que las empresas pueden ser motores de la responsabilidad social y en especial aquellas con más presencia y repercusión para todos los grupos de interés. La voluntariedad de la responsabilidad social corporativa no debe ser contraria al cumplimiento de ciertos aspectos protectores relativos a los derechos del menor, definidos expresamente en la Ley General Audiovisual de 2010. Dicha norma, en su artículo 7, regula los aspectos relativos a los derechos del menor y como deben ser gestionados, estableciendo las franjas horarias que se consideran de protección para los menores. Por su parte, el Código de Autorregulación de Contenidos Televisivos e Infancia establece los principios rectores de la programación televisiva respecto de la infancia, gestionando así mismo el control de su observancia. El cumplimiento de la idea de responsabilidad social corporativa de los grandes grupos televisivos, concretamente en lo que se refiere a aspectos sociales relacionados con sus clientes como grupos de interés, admite un seguimiento que ponga en relación sus propósitos sociales corporativos con el cumplimiento de los mismos.
Statistical Characterisation of Speckle in Clinical Echocardiographic Images with Pearson Family of Distributions
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Karmeshu Dr 
Published: July 2017

<p>The statistical characterisation of gray level distribution of echocardiographic images is commonly done in terms of unimodal probability densities such as Rayleigh, Gamma, Weibull, Nakagami, and Lognormal. Amongst these distributions, the Gamma density is found to provide better empirical model that fits to real data sets. We propose to extend the class of probability distributions by exploring Pearson family to characterise blood and tissue in echocardiographic images. It is found that Pearson Type I characterises the tissue regions whereas Type I, Type IV and Type VI classify blood regions. The statistical measures viz. Jensen-Shannon (JS) divergence and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistics reveal that Pearson family of curves outperforms the Gamma distribution.</p><p><strong>Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.473-478</strong><strong><strong>, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.62.1163</strong></strong></p>
Digital Watermarking Security
Authors: Blake Jonathan , Latifi Shahram 
Published: July 2017

<p>As creative works (e.g. books, films, music, photographs) become increasingly available in digital formats in a highly connected world, it also becomes increasingly difficult to secure intellectual property rights. Digital watermarking is one potential technology to aid intellectual property owners in controlling and tracking the use of their works. Surveys the state of digital watermarking research and examines the attacks that the technology faces and how it fares against them. Digital watermarking is an inherently difficult design problem subject to many constraints. The technology currently faces an uphill battle to be secure against relatively simple attacks.</p><p><strong>Defence Science Journal, 2011, 61(5), pp.408-414</strong><strong><strong>, DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.1176</strong></strong></p>
Results of breast and cervical cancer Health Promotion Model for older Turkish women
Authors: Kıssal Aygül , Beşer Ayşe 
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Gynecological cancers are an important cause of morbidity and mortality.Purpose: This study was conducted in an attempt to increase the participation of 60-75 year-old women in early diagnosis of breast and cervical cancer and determine the efficiency of nursing interventions on health promotion and development behaviors.Method and material: The sampling of this experimental study consisted of 50 women in the experimental group and 50 women in the control group. The data collection process involved socio-demographic characteristics information form, Standardized Mini Mental State Test, information form regarding previous behaviors, screening behaviors monitoring form, Health Belief Model Scale, Self-Efficacy Scale, and Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Scale II-Health Responsibility subscale. Results: The study determined that health perceptions in older women increased the rate of Breast Self-Exam, mammography and Pap-smear test utilization, but that the interventions were not effective in Clinical Breast Examination performance.Conclusion: The nursing interventions, which were performed using group health education based on the Health Belief Model and the Health Promotion Model as well as brochures, film displays, breast models and telephone reminders, had positive effects on the behaviors of early breast and cervical cancer diagnosis in older women.
The Impact of Choice on Exercise Motivation and Physical Activity in College Students
Authors: Tracy Julia Fera , Taliaferro Andrea , Kristjansson Alfgeir 
Published: July 2017

Background: While research suggests that college courses contribute to significant health benefits, there is limited research on the effectiveness of these courses in increasing motivation and lifetime PA habits of college students.Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of choice in a conceptually-based college health and wellness course on exercise motivation and physical activity of undergraduate students.Method: Participants included undergraduate students (N = 81) enrolled in a health and wellness course at a four-year liberal arts university located in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Quantitative data from the Behavioral Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire and the Leisure Time in Exercise Questionnaire were collected over three time points from two groups (choice and non-choice). Qualitative data from semistructured interviews with course instructors (N = 4) and open-ended questions were also collected.Results: There was a significant increase in intrinsic regulation F(2, 158) = 10.13, p = .00, ηp2 =.114; identified regulation F(2, 158) = 7.35, p = .001, ηp2= .085; introjected regulation F(2, 158) = 6.61, p = .002, ηp2= .077; and PA F(2, 158) = 5.63, p = .004, ηp2 = .067 over time. No significant differences were found between groups.Conclusion: While there was no significant difference between instruction type, instructors and participants suggested that choice was the preferred method for adult learners.
Las bandas juveniles en la sociedad contemporánea: marginalidad y resistencia<br /><em>Youth gangs in contemporary society: marginalisation and resistance</em>
Authors: Giliberti Luca 
Published: July 2017

RESUMEN El artículo explora el universo de los grupos juveniles hijos de la marginalidad –denominados bandas– en los barrios de las periferias globales, reflexionando sobre el fenómeno en la época contemporánea. Se presentan estos grupos compuestos por los hijos del subproletariado metropolitano, caracterizados mayoritariamente por su condición inmigrante, y conformados por elementos tanto globales como locales. Se discute la imagen dominante socialmente construida sobre estos colectivos, que declara una visión estigmatizadora, cada vez más con la crisis. Al mismo tiempo, se remarca cómo estos grupos brindan a los individuos una pertenencia y una identidad a la cual poder hacer referencia. También, las bandas pueden verse como grupos de resistencia –aunque ambiguos y contradictorios– a la violencia estructural que padecen. El cuadro interpretativo que se presenta en el artículo es fruto de diferentes investigaciones etnográficas del autor sobre los grupos juveniles marginalizados –en particular sobre las bandas latinas en el territorio catalán– realizadas en los últimos diez años. PALABRAS CLAVE: bandas, nación, síntomas, estigma, resistencia ABSTRACT The article explores the world of so-called youth gangs from suburban neighbourhoods, children of marginalisation, and reflects upon this phenomenon in the contemporary context. These groups are primarily composed of children of the metropolitan sub-proletariat, primarily characterised by their immigrant status and defined by global as well as local elements. The dominant image of these groups constructed by society is discussed as being stigmatising, even more so during the recent financial crisis. At the same time, these groups provide a sense of belonging and an identity to which individual members can refer. Furthermore, despite their ambiguity and contradictions, gangs can also be seen as groups of resistance against the structural violence that they endure. The interpretative framework of the article is based on various ethnographic research studies that the author conducted over the last ten years on marginalized youth groups, bandas latinas [Latino gangs ] in Catalonia in particular. KEY WORDS: gangs, nation, symptoms, stigma, resistance
La enfermería femenina del área de medicina del Hospital de las Cinco Llagas de Sevilla en los siglos XVI al XVIII<br /><em>Female Nurses in the Medicine Area of the Hospital de las Cinco Llagas in Seville in the XVI and XVIII Centuries</em>
Authors: Rivasplata Varillas Paula Ermila 
Published: July 2017

RESUMEN En el Antiguo Régimen ibérico, los hospitales fueron de las pocas instituciones que se caracterizaron por la especialización del trabajo femenino, convirtiéndose en lugares de refugio y de opción de vida para muchas mujeres que demostraban dedicación absoluta al hospital. En este contexto, la hipótesis planteada es que en un hospital regido por religiosos como fue el de las Cinco Llagas de Sevilla, se esquematizó el trabajo femenino del cuidado, caracterizado por el control, la prohibición y la separación de sexos. De tal manera que creó un reducto cerrado de la visibilidad pública de las labores realizadas por las enfermeras en una institución amparada por la Iglesia. La metodología utilizada fue la heurística y la hermenéutica de las fuentes primarias consultadas en el Archivo de la Diputación Provincial de Sevilla. PALABRAS CLAVE: enfermeras, mujeres, Antiguo Régimen, Hospital de las Cinco Llagas, Sevilla ABSTRACT In the Iberian Old Regime, hospitals were among the few institutions that were characterized by specialization of women’s work where the female nurse could develop freely, and they became places of refuge and life choice for many women who showed absolute dedication to the hospital. In this context, the raised hypothesis is that, in a hospital governed by religious as it was that of las Cinco Llagas of Seville, it was outlined the feminine work of the care, characterized by the control, the prohibition and the separation of sexes. In such a way that this hospital sheltered ill women and needed other women to work both in domestic and medical activities, creating a place closed to public visibility of the job done by these women in an institution protected by the church. The methodology used was heuristics and hermeneutics of primary sources consulted in the Archivo de la Diputación Provincial of Seville. KEY WORDS: nurses, women, Old Regime, Hospital de las Cinco Llagas, Sevilla
The Impact Of Metacognitive, Cognitive And Motivational Cultural Intelligence On Behavioral Cultural Intelligence
Authors: Gooden Doreen J. , Creque Carole Ann , Chin-Loy Claudette 
Published: July 2017

This study investigates the impact of Metacognitive, Cognitive, and Motivational Cultural Intelligence (CQ) on Behavioral Cultural Intelligence (CQ). In particular, we examine whether cognitive capabilities influence actions and behavior. The results show that 28.4% of the variability in behavioral CQ is explained by metacognitive CQ, cognitive CQ and motivational CQ. Further analysis was done to determine how each of these three dimensions impacts on behavioral CQ. Results show that only metacognitive and motivational CQ influence behavioral CQ.
Solving Poisson’s Equations with fractional order using Haarwavelet
Authors: Youssef I. K. , El Dewaik M. H. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The algebraic structure of the linear system appears in solving fractional order Poisson’s equation by Haar wavelet collocation approach is considered. The fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. Comparison with the classical integer case as a limiting process is illustrated. Numerical comparison is made between the solution using the Haar wavelet method and the finite difference method. The results confirms the accuracy for the Haar wavelet method.