bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nitrogen Dynamics and Biofloc Composition using Biofloc Technology to Treat Aquaculture Solid Waste Mixed with Distillery Spent Wash
Authors: Liu Wen-chang , Luo Guo-zhi , Li Li , Wang Xiao-yong , Wang Jiao , Ma Nian-nian , Sun Da-chuan , Tan Hong-xin 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Distillery spent wash (DSW) and aquaculture solid waste were homogeneously mixed and treated using biofloc technology to use DSW as a component of the substrate for biofloc production. The proportions of DSW, expressed as the proportion of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD), contributing to the total substrate content in the control group (GC) and treatment groups (G1/3 and G2/3) were 0, 1/3, and 2/3, respectively. The initial COD contents were statistically similar among all groups. During the experiment, the nitrogen dynamics process was consistent among all groups, and a higher content of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and less total organic nitrogen accumulated in the treatment reactors than in the GC reactors. The nitrogen recycling rate for G2/3 was 44.2%, which was significantly less than that for G1/3 (59.0%) or GC (69.7%). The biofloc production (considered as mixed liquor volatile suspended solid) in G2/3 was 1,237.3 mg/L, which was significantly less than that for G1/3 (1,662.3 mg/L) and GC (2,237.0 mg/L). Higher proportions of DSW in the substrate led to higher values of crude protein and crude lipid in the biofloc. There were no significant differences between the GC and G1/3 for linoleic acid, linolenic acid, total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or n-6 PUFAs. However, the higher proportion of DSW (G2/3) significantly decreased the values of these fatty acids. The addition of DSW also decreased the settling ability of the biofloc.
Monitoring Changes in Effective Population Size during Pond Culture of Red Drum
Authors: Anderson Joel , Cason Paul , Chavez Ruben 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Reduction of genetic diversity can occur at two general phases in stock enhancement: spawning and pond culture. In the latter case, reduction in genetic diversity can take place if mortality impacts family groups disproportionately during pond culture. The stock enhancement program developed by the Texas Parks and Wildlife for Red Drum Sciaenops ocellatus was used to determine whether this phenomenon occurs with any regularity. Larvae were sampled prior to pond culture to determine the genetic effective size (Ne) of the spawned population. At the end of pond culture, fingerlings were sampled and changes in Ne over the duration of pond culture were measured. In two trials, there was a nominal reduction in Ne during pond culture (−0.9 &lt; ΔNe &lt; −1.0). In three trials, a net gain in Ne (0.3 &lt; ΔNe &lt; 0.6) was observed, due to disproportionate mortality that influenced family groups that were overrepresented in larvae samples (prior to pond culture). Significant mortality and family turnover was observed in a single trial, which resulted in a 32% reduction in effective population size over pond culture (ΔNe = −3.5). These data suggest that changes in genetic diversity during pond culture are variable in magnitude, but are usually minor relative to the impact of variance in spawning success of broodfish.
Adding Corticosteroids to the Pudendal Nerve block for Pudendal Neuralgia: A Randomised, Double-blind, Controlled Trial
Authors: Labat J. J. , Riant T. , Lassaux A. , Rioult B. , Rabischong B. , Khalfallah M. , Volteau C. , Leroi A.-M. , Ploteaua S. 
Published: November 2016

(Abstracted from BJOG 2016; DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.14222)
Management of pudendal neuralgia (PN) is often not evidence based. The practice of adding corticosteroids to a nerve block in patients with PN is widespread and largely based on a few studies suggesting that corticosteroids may prolong the effect of a local anesthetic.
Phenazopyridine for Evaluation of Ureteral Patency: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Propst Katie , Tunitsky-Bitton Elena , O’Sullivan David M. , Steinberg Adam C. , LaSala Christine 
Published: November 2016

(Abstracted from Obstet Gynecol 2016;128:348–355)
There is increased risk of urinary tract injury with use of pelvic reconstructive and incontinence procedures compared with other gynecologic procedures. The incidence of injury ranges from 0.6% to 11% and has led to recommendations for use of universal cystoscopy after all urogynecologic procedures.
Impact of Surgeon Annual Volume on Short-term Maternal Outcome in Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Drukker Lior , Hants Yael , Farkash Rivka , Grisaru-Granovsky Sorina , Shen Ori , Samueloff Arnon , Sela Hen Y. 
Published: November 2016

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016;215:85.e1–85.e8)
Surgical volume is known to be associated directly with morbidity and mortality rates in surgical procedures. Cesarean delivery (CD) is associated with increased maternal morbidity, including hemorrhage, infection, pelvic organ damage, and increased number of hospital readmissions.
Symptomatic Venous Thromboembolism After Adolescent Knee Arthroscopy
Authors: Murphy Robert F. , Heyworth Benton , Kramer Dennis , Naqvi Manahil , Miller Patricia E. , Yen Yi-Meng , Kocher Mininder S. , Shore Benjamin J. 
Published: November 2016

Background:
The frequency of knee arthroscopy procedures is increasing in pediatric and adolescent patients. In general, complications after these procedures in adolescents are uncommon. The purposes of this study are to report the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in adolescent patients after knee arthroscopy procedures, as well identify risk factors in this patient population.

Methods:
Medical records were reviewed in all pediatric and adolescent patients (≤19 y) who underwent an arthroscopic knee procedure from 2010 to 2014 and were diagnosed with a symptomatic VTE in the postoperative period. Demographic features were recorded, and included age, sex, body mass index, clinical characteristics (diagnosis, type of surgical intervention, tourniquet time), VTE risk factors [family history of VTE, obesity (body mass index >30), oral contraceptive use, and smoking use/exposure] and treatment (anticoagulation type/duration).

Results:
Out of 2783 patients who underwent knee arthroscopy during the 5-year study period, 7 patients (3 males, 4 females, mean age, 16.9 y, range, 15 to 18) developed a symptomatic postoperative VTE (incidence, 0.25%, 95% confidence interval, 0.11%-0.54%). There were 6 unilateral deep venous thrombosis, and 1 bilateral deep venous thrombosis. Arthroscopic procedures performed in this cohort included anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (3), isolated lateral release (1), meniscectomy (2), and patellar realignment with arthroscopic lateral release, open tibial tubercle osteotomy, and open proximal medial retinacular reefing (1). VTE was diagnosed an average of 9 days following surgery (range, 3 to 16). All patients were initially treated with low–molecular-weight heparin, and 2 were converted to warfarin. Mean duration of anticoagulation treatment was 64 days (range, 28 to 183). All patients had at least 1 identifiable medical or surgical risk factor, including oral contraceptive use (2), smoking (2), obesity (2), an arthroscopically assisted open procedure (4), or tourniquet time >60 minutes (3).

Conclusions:
VTE after adolescent knee arthroscopy has not been well described. The incidence is ∼0.25%. Previously established risk factors for VTE were present in 100% of the affected population. Low–molecular-weight heparin was used to successfully treat this complication.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Effects of Low-Load Motor Control Exercises and a High-Load Lifting Exercise on Lumbar Multifidus Thickness
Authors: Berglund Lars , Aasa Björn , Michaelson Peter , Aasa Ulrika 
Published: November 2016

Study Design.
Randomized controlled trial.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to compare the effects of low-load motor control (LMC) exercises and a high-load lifting (HLL) exercise, on lumbar multifidus (LM) thickness on either side of the spine and whether the effects were affected by pain intensity or change in pain intensity.

Summary of Background Data.
There is evidence that patients with low back pain (LBP) may have a decreased size of the LM muscles with an asymmetry between sides in the lower back. It has also been shown that LMC training can affect this asymmetry. It is, however, not known whether a high-load exercise has the same effect.

Methods.
Sixty-five participants diagnosed with nociceptive mechanical LBP were included and randomized into LMC exercises or a HLL exercise, the deadlift. The LM thickness was measured using rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI), at baseline and after a 2-month training period.

Results.
There were no differences between interventions regarding effect on LM muscle thickness. However, the analysis showed a significant effect for asymmetry. The thickness of the LM muscle on the small side increased significantly compared with the large side in both intervention groups, without influence of pain at baseline, or change in pain intensity.

Conclusion.
At baseline, there was a difference in thickness of the LM muscles between sides. It seems that exercises focusing on spinal alignment may increase the thickness of the LM muscles on the small side, irrespective of exercise load. The increase in LM thickness does not appear to be mediated by either current pain intensity or the magnitude of change in pain intensity.

Level of Evidence: 2
Rotational Osteotomy for Hallux Valgus. A New Technique for Primary and Revision Cases
Authors: Wagner Pablo , Ortiz Cristian , Wagner Emilio 
Published: November 2016

More than 200 different surgical techniques exist for hallux valgus (HV). Some of them are designed for mild, moderate, or severe deformities depending on their correction power. Nevertheless, they all correct only the coronal and/or sagittal plane deformity. Just a handful of them correct the known axial malrotation that exists in most HV cases. This malrotation is one possible factor that could be the source of recurrence of an operated HV as it has been described. We describe a new technique which simultaneously corrects the metatarsal internal rotation and varus deformity by rotating the metatarsal through an oblique plane osteotomy. This is performed with no bone wedge resection. Also, there is a broader bone surface contact than on a transverse proximal osteotomy. This technique is easy to remember and relatively simple to perform in primary and revision cases. The authors results show that it is as safe and effective as other procedures, with some advantages to be discussed.
Levels of Evidence: Diagnostic Level 5. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Development of an UHPLC-UV-Method for Quantification of Direct Oral Anticoagulants: Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran, and its Prodrug Dabigatran Etexilate in Human Serum
Authors: Boehr Sebastian , Haen Ekkehard 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Direct oral anticoagulants currently have no indication for monitoring even though there are data that imply that individual dosing can improve and add safety to the therapy.

Methods:
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method with ultra violet detection has been developed and validated for apixaban, dabigatran, dabigatran etexilate, and rivaroxaban. Protein precipitation with methanol (1:3 vol/vol) was used as sample preparation. Analyses were performed on an Agilent 1290 ultra-high performance liquid chromatography system with an Agilent Poroshell 120 EC-C18-RP column using eluents [A] H2O and [B] methanol with 0.1% formic acid added to each. A gradient run was performed with a flow of 0.7 mL/min at 35°C. Apixaban was detected at 280 nm, dabigatran at 294 nm, dabigatran etexilate at 340 nm, and rivaroxaban at 249 nm.

Results:
Retention times were 1.83 minutes for dabigatran, 4.10 minutes for rivaroxaban, 4.30 minutes for apixaban, and 6.10 minutes for dabigatran etexilate within a total run time of 7 minutes. Linearity was given over a range from 20 to 300 ng/mL with r2 >0.999. The limit of detection ranged from 4 to 5 ng/mL and the limit of quantification from 15 to 19 ng/mL, respectively. Usability in daily routine was demonstrated in 27 samples from patients receiving rivaroxaban and 11 samples from patients receiving apixaban. In the absence of validated therapeutic ranges, we estimated “assumed therapeutically effective concentrations” from dose-related ranges for the respective licensed dosages.

Conclusions:
The method offers a fast, reliable, and low-cost way to quantify direct oral anticoagulants in daily routine even in smaller laboratories without access to liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Tear Film Osmolarity in Response to Long-Term Orthokeratology Treatment
Authors: Nieto-Bona Amelia , Nombela-Palomo María , Felipe-Márquez Gema , Teus Miguel A. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To compare tear film osmolarity (TFO) measurements in non–contact lens (CL) wearers and wearers of hydrogel or overnight orthokeratology (OK) CLs, and to assess possible effects of long-term OK on TFO.

Methods:
Overall, 108 subjects with moderate myopia participated in 2 experiments, and TFO was measured using the TearLab osmolarity system. In experiment 1, TFO measurements were made in 77 right eyes of 23 non-CL wearers, 26 hydrogel wearers, and 28 OK wearers. Subjects in the last 2 groups had worn their CL for at least 3 years. In experiment 2, 31 individuals (habitual soft CL wearers) were enrolled for prospective long-term follow-up of OK treatment. These subjects were fitted with Paragon-CRT (n=16) or Seefree (n=15) lenses, and TFO readings were taken at baseline and after 1 month and 1 year of lens wear and after 1 month of OK treatment interruption.

Results:
Values of TFO were within the normal limits in all 3 subject groups, although significantly lower osmolarities (P<0.01) were observed in non-CL wearers (281.7±5.9 mOsm/L) compared with hydrogel (291±16.5 mOsm/L) or OK lens wearers (301.7±10.8 mOsm/L). In experiment 2, TFO differed significantly at baseline between the Paragon-CRT and Seefree groups (P<0.05), and a significant decrease in TFO compared with baseline (P<0.01) was observed in the Paragon-CRT group after 1 month of cessation of lens wear.

Conclusion:
Higher TFO values were observed in lens wearers (hydrogel or OK) than non-CL wearers. After interruption of OK treatment, TFO returned to similar values to those found in non-CL wearers.
Trends and Determinants of Familial Consent for Corneal Donation in Chinese
Authors: Lee Allie , Ni Michael Y. , Luk Amanda C. K. , Lau Jessie K. P. , Lam Karen S. Y. , Li Tom K. , Wong Catherine S. M. , Wong Victoria W. Y. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:Corneal transplantation is the treatment of choice for many corneal diseases. At present, there is a global shortage of corneal transplant tissues, and failure to obtain consent from families of potential donors is a major limiting factor in tissue procurement.Methods:All family members of potential donors after cardiac death approached by the local eye bank staff members from January 2008 to December 2014 in Hong Kong were included. Reasons for consent or refusal and sociodemographic details of the deceased and the family members approached were reviewed. Trends in consent rates from 2008 to 2014 were examined. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to examine determinants of donation among cases from 2013 to 2014.Results:A total of 1740 cases were identified. The overall consent rate was 36.8%, and the consent rate did not change significantly over the 7-year study period (P= 0.24). The most common reason for consent by family members was “the wish to help others” (86.0%), and the most common reason for refusal was “traditional Chinese culture to keep the body intact after death” (42.7%). From the multivariable analysis in the subset of cases from 2013 to 2014 (n = 628), family members were more likely to consent when the deceased was female (adjusted odds ratio 1.45,P= 0.03), with a do-not-resuscitate order (adjusted odds ratio 2.27,P< 0.001).Conclusions:The consent rate for eye donation did not change significantly from 2008 to 2014. Our findings suggest that health education and promotion campaigns need to address cultural barriers to organ donation.
Evaluation of Management of Uncomplicated Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Walsh Thomas L. , DiSilvio Briana E. , Speredelozzi Daniel , Hammer Crystal D. , Hu Kurt , Abdulmassih Rasha , Makadia Jina T. , Sandhu Rikinder , Naddour Mouhib , Vishwanathan Swati , Chan-Tompkins Noreen H. , Trienski Tamara L. , Moffa Matthew A. , Bremmer Derek N. 
Published: November 2016

Background
Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) remains a leading cause of hospitalization and mortality in the United States. Studies have shown that interventions such as shorter antibiotic therapy and early intravenous (IV) to oral conversion can be safely performed. We evaluated areas of improvement at our institutions that could help optimize patient management while reducing collateral damage associated with excessive antibiotic usage.

Methods
In this retrospective analysis, all patients aged 18 years and older with a primary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code for CAP admitted from March 1, 2014, to October 31, 2014, were analyzed. The primary outcome was duration of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated CAP (appropriate treatment duration defined as 7 days or less). Secondary objectives included duration of IV antibiotic therapy, duration of inpatient length of stay, and 30-day readmission rate related to CAP.

Results
Of the 141 patients evaluated, 98 (69.5%) met inclusion criteria. The mean total duration of antibiotic therapy was 10.1 ± 3.4 days, and the mean duration of IV therapy was 4.9 ± 3.3 days. Only 26.5% of patients received 7 days or less of antibiotic therapy, whereas 38.8% received greater than 10 days of therapy.

Conclusions
Our findings are concerning given the available data demonstrating that short-course therapy with 5 to 7 days is clinically as effective as long-course therapy and associated with fewer adverse events. The management of uncomplicated CAP represents a significant opportunity for antimicrobial stewardship intervention.
Steerable Robot-assisted Micromanipulation in the Middle Ear: Preliminary Feasibility Evaluation
Authors: Yasin Rashid , O’Connell Brendan P. , Yu Haoran , Hunter Jacob B. , Wanna George B. , Rivas Alejandro , Simaan Nabil 
Published: November 2016

Hypothesis:
The use of a robotic manipulator with a dexterously orientable gripper will expand the ability of middle ear surgeons to perform precise tasks and access otherwise challenging anatomic regions.

Background:
Middle ear surgery presents unique challenges because of the constrained operative space and limited access to certain anatomic regions.

Methods:
A custom-designed robot with a sideways-reaching gripper was used to evaluate feasibility of manipulation tasks in different middle-ear anatomical zones. Reachable workspace within the middle ear, accuracy of free-space path following, and tool steadiness were compared between robotic telemanipulation and manual control. Preliminarily assessments of the robot's clinical utility included: 1) touching the round window niche, Eustachian tube orifice, and sinus tympani; 2) placing a stapes prosthesis; 3) removal of mockup diseased tissue in the sinus tympani.

Results:
The reachable workspace in the middle ear was considerably greater with the robot as compared with manual manipulation using a Rosen needle. In a simple path-tracing task outside the ear, robotic telemanipulation was associated with significantly reduced error. Within the middle ear, the robot contributed to steadier movement, but longer task completion time. The gripper successfully placed a 4.5 mm piston prosthesis, accessed the round window niche, Eustachian tube orifice, and removed mockup disease from the sinus tympani.

Conclusion:
This study demonstrates that robotic assistance using steerable tools allows surgeons to access challenging anatomic regions of the middle ear. Coordinated and accurate manipulation is evidenced by motion analyses and completion of feasibility tasks within the middle ear.
Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance Among Patients With Cirrhosis in a Population-based Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Singal Amit G. , Tiro Jasmin , Li Xilong , Adams-Huet Beverley , Chubak Jessica 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
Fewer than 1 in 5 patients with cirrhosis receive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance; however, most studies were performed in select patient populations, which may not be informative of practice patterns in population-based community practices. Further, few reported guideline-concordant consistent surveillance rates.

Goals:
Characterize guideline-concordant HCC surveillance rates and patient-level factors associated with surveillance among a population-based cohort of patients with cirrhosis.

Study:
We retrospectively characterized HCC surveillance among cirrhosis patients followed between January 2010 and December 2012 at an integrated health care delivery system in Washington state. Consistent surveillance was defined as an ultrasound every 6 months, and inconsistent surveillance was defined as ≥1 ultrasound during the 2-year follow-up period. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify correlates of HCC surveillance receipt.

Results:
Of 1137 patients with cirrhosis, 22 (2%) underwent consistent surveillance, 371 (33%) had inconsistent surveillance, and 744 (65%) received no surveillance during follow-up. Correlates of HCC surveillance receipt in multivariate analysis included Gastroenterology/Hepatology subspecialty care [odds ratio (OR), 1.88; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.44-2.46], Child Pugh B/C cirrhosis (OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.07-2.43), elevated aspartate aminotransferase (OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 1.13-2.35), and etiology of liver disease. Compared with hepatitis C-infected patients, patients with hepatitis B infection were more likely to undergo surveillance (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.28-5.81), whereas patients with alcohol-related cirrhosis (OR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.42-0.93) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (OR, 0.39; 95% CI, 0.28-0.56) were less likely to undergo surveillance.

Conclusions:
Although one third of patients undergo inconsistent HCC surveillance, <2% of patients receive guideline-concordant biannual HCC surveillance.