bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Percepção ambiental dos alunos do ensino médio da Escola Estadual Nossa Senhora da Conceição, município de Belém de Brejo do Cruz/PB
Authors: Simplicio Sérgio Ricardo da Costa , Silva Gilmar Gomes da , Fernandes Leonardo Gomes , Fonseca Neto Pedro Rodrigues da , Brasil Antônio Edielson Pereira , Oliveira Neto Glicério de 
Published: September 2024

Objetivou-se neste trabalho a avaliação da percepção ambiental dos alunos da Escola Estadual do Ensino fundamental e Médio Nossa Senhora da Conceição. Participaram da pesquisa 100 alunos de 5 turmas do ensino médio. Os dados foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário constituído por 7 perguntas. Cada aluno respondeu ao questionário individualmente. Depois de respondidas as questões, foram elaboradas um gráfico para cada turma e observou-se no 1° ano “C” a maioria dos alunos não conseguiram responder as questões 1,3,6 e 7. Para o 1° ano “A” a minoria dos alunos obtiveram resultados satisfatórios nas questões 2 e 4 enquanto que a maioria ficou restrita nas questões 1,3,5,6 e 7. Os participantes do 3° ano “A” obtiveram resultados satisfatórios nas questões 1,2,3,4, e 5. O 3° ano “B” obteve maior número de acertos em relação às turmas anteriores nas questões 1,2,3,4,5,6 e 7 do questionário aplicado, ou seja, esses alunos tiveram excelentes resultados na definição de educação ambiental, problemas ambientas, bem como a definição de reciclagem e a coleta seletiva com reciclagem como forma ecológica do destino do lixo.
Risk Management and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
Authors: Odigie Innocent William Otaigboria , Adim Chidiebere Victor 
Published: September 2024

This study examined the relationship between risk management and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria as moderated by environmental turbulence. The study adopted the cross-sectional research survey design. Primary data was generated through structured questionnaire while the population of study was the 24 deposit money banks in Nigeria. The entire population of 24 deposit money banks were adopted as a census. However, the number of respondents/ participants in the study was one hundred and twenty senior level managers of the 24 Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Coefficient. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level. Findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between risk management and performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Therefore, the study concludes that the adoption of risk management practice positively enhances the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. This implies that by adopting a proactive approach to risk management, deposit money banks can identify, assess, and mitigate potential risks that could adversely impact their operations. Hence, the study recommends that deposit money banks should conduct regular and thorough risk assessments to identify potential risks that could impact the bank's operations and performance. This includes assessing credit, market, liquidity, operational, and other relevant risks. Understanding the risk landscape is crucial for developing effective risk management strategies.
Revolutionizing Food Safety and Crop Production: Harnessing Novel Biosensors
Authors: Gafoor Rabeen Abdul , S.R. Sharu , P. Shalini Pillai , Thomas Usha C. , G. Gayathri , Gopinath Pratheesh P. 
Published: September 2024

Farmers and food manufacturers are under immense pressure from consumers and food safety regulations to deliver pollutant-free, high-quality foods. The extensive use of chemicals in food production poses ecological as well as health risks. In order to meet the demand for safe, preservative-free foods, rapid sensing techniques are required. Traditional analysis methods are time consuming, laboratory bound, expensive and require highly skilled personnel. Alternative analysis systems such as biosensors, which are user-friendly and enable real-time monitoring in the field should also be used. Biosensors have been developed to detect foodborne pathogens such as Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, etc. that cause food contamination, and a large number of cases are reported annually. Mycotoxin-contaminated food presents a serious threat to food safety. Biosensors have been utilised to identify Penicillium and aflatoxin infections, which are major mycotoxins found in food. Additionally, biosensors for identifying artificially ripened fruits have also been developed. Biosensors have been developed to detect pesticide residues such as atrazine, glyphosate, 2,4-D, methyl parathion, lindane, etc. Early identification of plant pathogens, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, is crucial because it enables farmers to take the necessary precautions to control the disease. Pathogens such as Fusarium sp., Phytophthora palmivora, tomato leaf curl virus are among some of the pathogens that have been successfully detected using novel biosensors. They can also be used for detecting heavy metals as they are cheaper, faster, more reliable and selective than traditional analysis methods. A bacterial biosensor was developed using Bacillus megaterium, which was sensitive to heavy metals like cadmium, copper and zinc in soil. Additionally, biosensors have been developed to detect heavy metal pollution in plants as well as irrigation water.
Evaluation of different Varieties of Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandifloras L.) Cultivars under Agro-climatic Conditions of Prayagraj, India
Authors: Samyuktha Udu Rani , Singh Devi , Fatmi Urfi 
Published: September 2024

An experiment was conducted during rabi season 2023 at Horticulture Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj (Uttar Pradesh). The experiment has 20 different varieties laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) in three replications. The results showed that the all the cultivars had significant differences for vegetative, floral, corm characters when evaluated under Agro climatic conditions of Prayagraj. Twenty cultivars namely Pusa Sindhuri, Pusa Suhagin, Red Ginger, Red Majesty, Sancerre, Shahanoda, Shobha, Smoky Lady, Snow Princess, Solan shrinagar, Souvik Biscuits, Suyrakiran, Swarnima, Sweta, Tambri, Urmi, VickyLin, WeddingCreamby, White Prosperity, Yellow Stone were evaluated for their performance. Based on their performance, it is concluded that all the cultivars can be grown under Prayagraj Agro climatic conditions, but cultivar yellow stone, white property, wedding creamby, Vickylin has found to be promising in respect of all parameters under Agro climatic conditions of Prayagraj.
Effects of dispersion in tsunami Green's functions and implications for joint inversion with seismic and geodetic data: A case study of the 2010 Mentawai Mw 7.8 earthquake
Authors: Li Linyan , Cheung Kwok Fai , Yue Han , Lay Thorne , Bai Yefei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTsunami observations play an important role in resolving offshore earthquake slip distributions. Nondispersive shallow‐water models are often used with a static initial sea surface pulse derived from seafloor deformation in computation of tsunami Green's functions. We compare this conventional approach with more advanced techniques based on a dispersive model with a static initial sea surface pulse and with the surface waves generated from kinematic seafloor deformation. These three sets of tsunami Green's functions are implemented in finite‐fault inversions with and without seismic and geodetic data for the 2010 Mentawai Mw 7.8 tsunami earthquake. Seafloor excitation and wave dispersion produce more spread‐out waveforms in the Green's functions leading to larger slip with more compact distribution through the inversions. The fit to the recorded tsunami and the deduced seismic moment, which reflects the displaced water volume, are relatively insensitive to the approach used for computing Green's functions.
The onset of sediment transport in vegetated channels predicted by turbulent kinetic energy
Authors: Yang J. Q. , Chung H. , Nepf H. M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis laboratory study advances our understanding of sediment transport in vegetated regions, by describing the impact of stem density on the critical velocity, Ucrit, at which sediment motion is initiated. Sparse emergent vegetation was modeled with rigid cylinders arranged in staggered arrays of different stem densities. The sediment transport rate, Qs, was measured over a range of current speeds using digital imaging, and the critical velocity was selected as the condition at which the magnitude of Qs crossed the noise threshold. For both grain sizes considered here (0.6–0.85 mm and 1.7–2 mm), Ucrit decreased with increasing stem density. This dependence can be explained by a threshold condition based on turbulent kinetic energy, kt, suggesting that near‐bed turbulence intensity may be a more important control than bed shear stress on the initiation of sediment motion. The turbulent kinetic energy model unified the bare bed and vegetated channel measurements.
Estimate of Rayleigh‐to‐Love wave ratio in the secondary microseism by a small array at Piñon Flat observatory, California
Authors: Tanimoto Toshiro , Lin Chin‐Jen , Hadziioannou Céline , Igel Heiner , Vernon Frank 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUsing closely located seismographs at Piñon Flat (PFO), California, for 1 year long record (2015), we estimated the Rayleigh‐to‐Love wave energy ratio in the secondary microseism (0.1–0.35 Hz) in four seasons. Rayleigh wave energy was estimated from a vertical component seismograph. Love wave energy was estimated from rotation seismograms that were derived from a small array at PFO. Derived ratios are 2–2.5, meaning that there is 2–2.5 times more Rayleigh wave energy than Love wave energy at PFO. In our previous study at Wettzell, Germany, this ratio was 0.9–1.0, indicating comparable energy between Rayleigh waves and Love waves. This difference suggests that the Rayleigh‐to‐Love wave ratios in the secondary microseism may differ greatly from region to region. It also implies that an assumption of the diffuse wavefield is not likely to be valid for this low frequency range as the equipartition of energy should make this ratio much closer.
Quantifying cloud base updraft speeds of marine stratocumulus from cloud top radiative cooling
Authors: Zheng Youtong , Rosenfeld Daniel , Li Zhanqing 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMarine stratocumulus clouds play a significant role in the Earth's radiation budget. The updrafts at cloud base (Wb) govern the supersaturation and therefore the activation of cloud condensation nuclei, which modifies the cloud and precipitation properties. A statistically significant relationship between Wb and cloud top radiative cooling rate (CTRC) is found from the measurements of the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Mobile Facility on board a ship sailing between Honolulu and Los Angeles. A similar relation was found on Graciosa Island but with greater scatter and weaker correlation presumably due to the island effect. Based on the relation, we are able to estimate the cloud base updrafts using a simple formula: Wb = −0.44 × CTRC + 22.30 ± 13, where the Wb and CTRC have units of cm/s and W/m2, respectively. This quantification can be utilized in satellite remote sensing and parameterizations of Wb in general circulation models.
Urbanization causes nonstationarity in Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall extremes
Authors: Singh Jitendra , Vittal H. , Karmakar Subhankar , Ghosh Subimal , Niyogi Dev 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGlobal and local environmental changes are likely to introduce nonstationarity in the characteristics of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) extremes. Here we perform a nonstationary frequency analysis on ISMR extremes in a Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape framework with a cluster of 74 models, considering nonstationarity in different possible combinations. Interestingly, we observe significant nonstationarity in ISMR extremes in urbanizing/developing‐urban areas (transitioning from rural to urban), compared to completely urbanized or rural areas. This presents a postulation that the extent of urbanization plays a significant role in introducing nonstationarity in ISMR extremes. We emphasize the effect of urbanization in changing the character of ISMR extremes, which further needs a scientific re‐evaluation by implementing physics‐based modeling. The impact of these observational studies will be critical in correcting the bias of model projections of ISMR.
Exclusion principle for very oblique and parallel lower band chorus waves
Authors: Agapitov O. V. , Mourenas D. , Artemyev A. V. , Mozer F. S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSimultaneous measurements of intense very oblique and parallel lower band chorus waves are rare in the Earth's inner magnetosphere. A possible explanation is that very oblique and parallel waves generally cannot be generated simultaneously, due to a suppression of parallel wave growth by fast nonlinear modifications of the electron distribution induced by very oblique waves. The corresponding exclusion principle for intense lower band chorus waves is proposed based on in situ measurements and tested in particle simulations. Parallel acceleration of low‐energy electrons trapped by very oblique waves up to the energy range of cyclotron resonance with parallel waves is very efficient and should usually result in a quick suppression of the temperature anisotropy necessary for parallel wave growth. Selected spacecraft observations have confirmed the main aspects of the proposed exclusion scenario. These results should help to better assess the respective roles of oblique and parallel lower band chorus in energetic electron dynamics.
Sources and pathways of the upscale effects on the Southern Hemisphere jet in MPAS‐CAM4 variable‐resolution simulations
Authors: Sakaguchi Koichi , Lu Jian , Leung L. Ruby , Zhao Chun , Li Yanjie , Hagos Samson 
Published: October 2016

AbstractImpacts of regional grid refinement on large‐scale circulations (“upscale effects”) were detected in a previous study that used the Model for Prediction Across Scales‐Atmosphere coupled to the physics parameterizations of the Community Atmosphere Model version 4. The strongest upscale effect was identified in the Southern Hemisphere jet during austral winter. This study examines the detailed underlying processes by comparing two simulations at quasi‐uniform resolutions of 30 and 120 km to three variable‐resolution simulations in which the horizontal grids are regionally refined to 30 km in North America, South America, or Asia from 120 km elsewhere. In all the variable‐resolution simulations, precipitation increases in convective areas inside the high‐resolution domains, as in the reference quasi‐uniform high‐resolution simulation. With grid refinement encompassing the tropical Americas, the increased condensational heating expands the local divergent circulations (Hadley cell) meridionally such that their descending branch is shifted poleward, which also pushes the baroclinically unstable regions, momentum flux convergence, and the eddy‐driven jet poleward. This teleconnection pathway is not found in the reference high‐resolution simulation due to a strong resolution sensitivity of cloud radiative forcing that dominates the aforementioned teleconnection signals. The regional refinement over Asia enhances Rossby wave sources and strengthens the upper level southerly flow, both facilitating the cross‐equatorial propagation of stationary waves. Evidence indicates that this teleconnection pathway is also found in the reference high‐resolution simulation. The result underlines the intricate diagnoses needed to understand the upscale effects in global variable‐resolution simulations, with implications for science investigations using the computationally efficient modeling framework.
Predicting the magnetic vectors within coronal mass ejections arriving at Earth: 2. Geomagnetic response
Authors: Savani N. P. , Vourlidas A. , Richardson I. G. , Szabo A. , Thompson B. J. , Pulkkinen A. , Mays M. L. , Nieves‐Chinchilla T. , Bothmer V. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis is a companion to Savani et al. (2015) that discussed how a first‐order prediction of the internal magnetic field of a coronal mass ejection (CME) may be made from observations of its initial state at the Sun for space weather forecasting purposes (Bothmer‐Schwenn scheme (BSS) model). For eight CME events, we investigate how uncertainties in their predicted magnetic structure influence predictions of the geomagnetic activity. We use an empirical relationship between the solar wind plasma drivers and Kp index together with the inferred magnetic vectors, to make a prediction of the time variation of Kp (Kp(BSS)). We find a 2σ uncertainty range on the magnetic field magnitude (|B|) provides a practical and convenient solution for predicting the uncertainty in geomagnetic storm strength. We also find the estimated CME velocity is a major source of error in the predicted maximum Kp. The time variation of Kp(BSS) is important for predicting periods of enhanced and maximum geomagnetic activity, driven by southerly directed magnetic fields, and periods of lower activity driven by northerly directed magnetic field. We compare the skill score of our model to a number of other forecasting models, including the NOAA/Space Weather Prediction Center (SWPC) and Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC)/SWRC estimates. The BSS model was the most unbiased prediction model, while the other models predominately tended to significantly overforecast. The True skill score of the BSS prediction model (TSS = 0.43 ± 0.06) exceeds the results of two baseline models and the NOAA/SWPC forecast. The BSS model prediction performed equally with CCMC/SWRC predictions while demonstrating a lower uncertainty.
Kinetics of gravity‐driven slug flow in partially wettable capillaries of varying cross section
Authors: Nissan Alon , Wang Qiuling , Wallach Rony 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA mathematical model for slug (finite liquid volume) motion in not‐fully‐wettable capillary tubes with sinusoidally varying cross‐sectional areas was developed. The model, based on the Navier‐Stokes equation, accounts for the full viscous terms due to nonuniform geometry, the inertial term, the slug's front and rear meniscus hysteresis effect, and dependence of contact angle on flow velocity (dynamic contact angle). The model includes a velocity‐dependent film that is left behind the advancing slug, reducing its mass. The model was successfully verified experimentally by recording slug movement in uniform and sinusoidal capillary tubes with a gray‐scale high‐speed camera. Simulation showed that tube nonuniformity has a substantial effect on slug flow pattern: in a uniform tube it is monotonic and depends mainly on the slug's momentary mass/length; an undulating tube radius results in nonmonotonic flow characteristics. The static nonzero contact angle varies locally in nonuniform tubes owing to the additional effect of wall slope. Moreover, the nonuniform cross‐sectional area induces slug acceleration, deceleration, blockage, and metastable‐equilibrium locations. Increasing contact angle further amplifies the geometry effect on slug propagation. The developed model provides a modified means of emulating slug flow in differently wettable porous media for intermittent inlet water supply (e.g., raindrops on the soil surface).
Locally conservative groundwater flow in the continuous Galerkin method using 3‐D prismatic patches
Authors: Wu Qiang , Zhao Yingwang , Lin Yu‐Feng F. , Xu Hua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA new procedure has been developed to improve the velocity field computed by the continuous Galerkin finite element method (CG). It enables extending the postprocessing algorithm proposed by Cordes and Kinzelbach (1992) to three‐dimensional (3‐D) models by using prismatic patches for saturated groundwater flow. This approach leverages a dual mesh to preserve local mass conservation and provides interpolated velocities based on consistent fluxes. To develop this 3‐D approach, a triangular conservative patch is introduced by computing not only advection fluxes, but also vertical infiltrations, storage changes, and other sink or source terms. This triangular patch is then used to develop a prismatic patch, which consists of subprisms in two layers. By dividing a single two‐layer patch into two separate one‐layer patches, two dimensional (2‐D) algorithms can be applied to compute velocities. As a consequence, each subelement is able to preserve local mass conservation. A hypothetical 3‐D model is used to evaluate the precision of streamlines and flow rates generated by this approach and the FEFLOW simulation program.
Evolution of wet‐day and dry‐day frequency in the western Amazon basin: Relationship with atmospheric circulation and impacts on vegetation
Authors: Espinoza Jhan Carlo , Segura Hans , Ronchail Josyane , Drapeau Guillaume , Gutierrez‐Cori Omar 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper documents the spatiotemporal evolution of wet‐day and dry‐day frequency (WDF and DDF) in the western Amazon, its relationships with oceanic and atmospheric variability and possible impact on vegetation. WDF and DDF changed significantly during the 1980–2009 period (p < 0.05). An increase in WDF is observed after 1995 over the northern part of the western Amazon (Marañón basin). The average annual value of WDF changed from 22 days/yr before 1995 to 34 days after that date (+55% after 1995). In contrast, DDF increased significantly over the central and southern part of this region (Ucayali basin) after 1986. Average annual DDF was 16.2 days before 1986 and 23.8 days afterward (+47% after 1986). Interannual variability in WDF appears to be modulated by changes in Pacific SST and the Walker cell during the November–March season. This mechanism enhances convective activity over the northern part of the western Amazon. The increase in DDF is related to warming of the North Tropical Atlantic SST, which produces changes in the Hadley cell and subsidence over the central and the southern western Amazon. More intense seasonal hydrological extremes in the western Amazon therefore appear to be related to changes in WDF and DDF that occurred in 1995 and 1986, respectively. During the 2001–2009 period, an index of vegetation condition (NDVI) appears negatively correlated with DDF (r = −0.95; p < 0.0001). This suggests that vegetation in the western Amazon is mainly water limited, rather than light limited and indicates that the vegetation is highly sensitive to concentration of rainfall.