bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Early Syphilis Trends Among Men Who Have Sex With Men to Identify Gaps in Screening and Case-Finding in Baltimore City, Maryland
Authors: Schumacher Christina M. , Fields Errol , Chandran Aruna , Heidari Omeid , Kingon Yvonne , Chaulk Patrick , Jennings Jacky M. 
Published: August 2017

Background
Syphilis incidence is increasing across the United States among men who have sex with men (MSM). Early latent (EL) versus primary and secondary (P&S) syphilis may be an indicator of delayed diagnosis and increased opportunity for transmission. To inform syphilis control strategies and identify potential gaps in case finding, we described recent syphilis trends among MSM and compared characteristics of syphilis cases by diagnosis stage.

Methods
We used public health surveillance data on P&S and EL syphilis diagnoses reported to the Baltimore City Health Department between 2009 and 2015. Differences across diagnosis stage were assessed using Cochran-Armitage and χ2 tests.

Results
Between 2009 and 2015, Baltimore City Health Department received 2436 reports of P&S and EL diagnoses. The majority (61%) of reports were among MSM, among whom 86% were black and 67% were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected. During this period, P&S and EL syphilis increased by 85% and 245%, respectively (P < 0.0001). MSM with EL versus P&S syphilis were similarly likely to be Black, more likely to be older (P < 0.05), HIV coinfected (P < 0.001), and diagnosed in private health care settings (P < 0.0001), but less likely to report multiple (P < 0.001) and anonymous sex partners (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
In Baltimore City, syphilis diagnoses, particularly EL diagnoses, are increasing rapidly and are concentrated among Black HIV-infected MSM. Significant gaps in identifying MSM with P&S syphilis may exist, specifically among HIV-infected MSM, and those diagnosed in private health care settings. Strategies to address these gaps may include local guidelines and provider education to screen MSM more frequently than CDC currently recommends and regardless of HIV status or risk.
An Assessment of Stereovision Acquired in Adulthood
Authors: Barry Susan R. , Bridgeman Bruce 
Published: August 2017

SIGNIFICANCE
Increasing evidence indicates that childhood binocular vision disorders that lead to stereodeficiency may be treated in adulthood. Reports of patients who gain stereopsis as adults indicate that this achievement provides for a qualitatively different and dramatically improved sense of space and depth.

PURPOSE
Increasing evidence suggests that stereopsis can be achieved in adult patients despite long-standing binocular disorders. We polled individuals who gained stereopsis as adults to ascertain their initial binocular disorders, the length of time they were stereodeficient, effective treatments, and the nature of their recovered stereovision.

METHODS
A questionnaire was posted online and announced in a brief article in the journal Vision Development and Rehabilitation.

RESULTS
Of the 63 responders, 56 (89%) reported strabismus and/or amblyopia, and 55 (87%) indicated that they had been stereodeficient for as long as they could remember. All but seven participants (89%) achieved stereovision through vision training or a combination of surgery and vision training, and many reported vivid visual changes.

CONCLUSIONS
Despite childhood binocular disorders, patients may be able to achieve stereopsis following interventions in adulthood. This achievement provides for a qualitatively different and dramatically improved sense of space and depth.
Strangulation and Its Role in Multiple Causes of Death
Authors: Hlavaty Leigh , Sung LokMan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Forensic pathologists have a duty to determine the cause and manner of death and are bound by international guidelines in the completion of the death certificate. Sometimes, there are complex circumstances surrounding a death that cannot be captured in the structure of the death certificate and its requirement of listing only 1 cause of death per line. Cases may have multiple causes of death with comorbid medical conditions or inflicted injuries that equally contribute to the ultimate demise. Compared with other forms of homicide, autopsy evidence of strangulation will often be found with other life-threatening traumatic injuries. The Wayne County Medical Examiner's Office conducted a retrospective study of strangulation cases that came into the office from mid-2007 to the end of 2016. The purpose of the study was to examine patterns of injuries in strangulation cases and identify those with additional traumatic injuries of commensurate extent that required incorporation into the cause of death. A total of 43 strangulation cases were found, of which there were equal numbers of ligature and manual strangulations (19 each) and 5 cases in which the method was not specified, and decedents were divided: 63% female and 37% male. Fourteen of these cases were recognized to have multiple causes of death, where blunt force trauma was the most common additional cause, and the sex distribution weighed heavily toward the female (approximately 79%).
Transarterial Embolization and Transmucosal Sclerotherapy That Led to Successful Deliveries in a Patient With Symptomatic Arteriovenous Malformation of the Tongue
Authors: Fujita Munezumi , Yamamoto Yuhei , Sasaki Satoru , Oyama Akihiko , Funayama Emi , Furukawa Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Patients with arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are at risk of significant hemorrhage and AVMs are especially difficult to manage in those desiring future pregnancy. Few patients with successful deliveries have been previously reported.
The authors report an unusual case of AVM of the tongue in a pregnant woman who presented with massive pulsatile bleeding from a ruptured artery in the tongue in late gestation, this was thought to be caused by the changes in hormonal balance and the increase in cardiac output. The bleeding was controlled with transarterial embolization and transmucosal absolute ethanol sclerotherapy. Furthermore, her second and third deliveries were successfully managed.
The authors managed symptomatic tongue AVM by combining transarterial embolization and transmucosal sclerotherapy, which was followed by successful deliveries. This patient supports the utility of transmucosal absolute ethanol sclerotherapy for tongue AVM and multidisciplinary medical care for a successful delivery.
Reading chromatin signatures after DNA double-strand breaks
Authors: Wilson Marcus D. , Durocher Daniel 
Published: August 2017

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are DNA lesions that must be accurately repaired in order to preserve genomic integrity and cellular viability. The response to DSBs reshapes the local chromatin environment and is largely orchestrated by the deposition, removal and detection of a complex set of chromatin-associated post-translational modifications. In particular, the nucleosome acts as a central signalling hub and landing platform in this process by organizing the recruitment of repair and signalling factors, while at the same time coordinating repair with other DNA-based cellular processes. While current research has provided a descriptive overview of which histone marks affect DSB repair, we are only beginning to understand how these marks are interpreted to foster an efficient DSB response. Here we review how the modified chromatin surrounding DSBs is read, with a focus on the insights gleaned from structural and biochemical studies.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.
ATM-dependent pathways of chromatin remodelling and oxidative DNA damage responses
Authors: Berger N. Daniel , Stanley Fintan K. T. , Moore Shaun , Goodarzi Aaron A. 
Published: August 2017

Ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a serine/threonine protein kinase with a master regulatory function in the DNA damage response. In this role, ATM commands a complex biochemical network that signals the presence of oxidative DNA damage, including the dangerous DNA double-strand break, and facilitates subsequent repair. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding ATM-dependent chromatin remodelling and epigenomic alterations that are required to maintain genomic integrity in the presence of DNA double-strand breaks and/or oxidative stress. We will focus particularly on the roles of ATM in adjusting nucleosome spacing at sites of unresolved DNA double-strand breaks within complex chromatin environments, and the impact of ATM on preserving the health of cells within the mammalian central nervous system.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.
DNA repair goes hip-hop: SMARCA and CHD chromatin remodellers join the break dance
Authors: Rother Magdalena B. , van Attikum Haico 
Published: August 2017

Proper signalling and repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) is critical to prevent genome instability and diseases such as cancer. The packaging of DNA into chromatin, however, has evolved as a mere obstacle to these DSB responses. Posttranslational modifications and ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling help to overcome this barrier by modulating nucleosome structures and allow signalling and repair machineries access to DSBs in chromatin. Here we recap our current knowledge on how ATP-dependent SMARCA- and CHD-type chromatin remodellers alter chromatin structure during the signalling and repair of DSBs and discuss how their dysfunction impacts genome stability and human disease.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.
Bromodomain proteins: repairing DNA damage within chromatin
Authors: Chiu Li-Ya , Gong Fade , Miller Kyle M. 
Published: August 2017

Genome surveillance and repair, termed the DNA damage response (DDR), functions within chromatin. Chromatin-based DDR mechanisms sustain genome and epigenome integrity, defects that can disrupt cellular homeostasis and contribute to human diseases. An important chromatin DDR pathway is acetylation signalling which is controlled by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes, which regulate acetylated lysines within proteins. Acetylated proteins, including histones, can modulate chromatin structure and provide molecular signals that are bound by acetyl-lysine binders, including bromodomain (BRD) proteins. Acetylation signalling regulates several DDR pathways, as exemplified by the preponderance of HATs, HDACs and BRD proteins that localize at DNA breaks to modify chromatin for lesion repair. Here, we explore the involvement of acetylation signalling in the DDR, focusing on the involvement of BRD proteins in promoting chromatin remodelling to repair DNA double-strand breaks. BRD proteins have widespread DDR functions including chromatin remodelling, chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation. We discuss mechanistically how BRD proteins read acetylation signals within chromatin to trigger DDR and chromatin activities to facilitate genome–epigenome maintenance. Thus, DDR pathways involving BRD proteins represent key participants in pathways that preserve genome–epigenome integrity to safeguard normal genome and cellular functions.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.
Transcription-associated events affecting genomic integrity
Authors: Sebastian Robin , Oberdoerffer Philipp 
Published: August 2017

Accurate maintenance of genomic as well as epigenomic integrity is critical for proper cell and organ function. Continuous exposure to DNA damage is, thus, often associated with malignant transformation and degenerative diseases. A significant, chronic threat to genome integrity lies in the process of transcription, which can result in the formation of potentially harmful RNA : DNA hybrid structures (R-loops) and has been linked to DNA damage accumulation as well as dynamic chromatin reorganization. In sharp contrast, recent evidence suggests that active transcription, the resulting transcripts as well as R-loop formation can play multi-faceted roles in maintaining and restoring genome integrity. Here, we will discuss the emerging contributions of transcription as both a source of DNA damage and a mediator of DNA repair. We propose that both aspects have significant implications for genome maintenance, and will speculate on possible long-term consequences for the epigenetic integrity of transcribing cells.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.
Genome maintenance functions of the INO80 chromatin remodeller
Authors: Morrison Ashby J. 
Published: August 2017

Chromatin modification is conserved in all eukaryotes and is required to facilitate and regulate DNA-templated processes. For example, chromatin manipulation, such as histone post-translational modification and nucleosome positioning, play critical roles in genome stability pathways. The INO80 chromatin-remodelling complex, which regulates the abundance and positioning of nucleosomes, is particularly important for proper execution of inducible responses to DNA damage. This review discusses the participation and activity of the INO80 complex in DNA repair and cell cycle checkpoint pathways, with emphasis on theSaccharomyces cerevisiaemodel system. Furthermore, the role of ATM/ATR kinases, central regulators of DNA damage signalling, in the regulation of INO80 function will be reviewed. In addition, emerging themes of chromatin remodelling in mitotic stability pathways and chromosome segregation will be introduced. These studies are critical to understanding the dynamic chromatin landscape that is rapidly and reversibly modified to maintain the integrity of the genome.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.
And yet, it moves: nuclear and chromatin dynamics of a heterochromatic double-strand break
Authors: Caridi P. Christopher , Delabaere Laetitia , Zapotoczny Grzegorz , Chiolo Irene 
Published: August 2017

Heterochromatin is mostly composed of repeated DNA sequences prone to aberrant recombination. How cells maintain the stability of these sequences during double-strand break (DSB) repair has been a long-standing mystery. Studies inDrosophilacells revealed that faithful homologous recombination repair of heterochromatic DSBs relies on the striking relocalization of repair sites to the nuclear periphery before Rad51 recruitment and repair progression. Here, we summarize our current understanding of this response, including the molecular mechanisms involved, and conserved pathways in mammalian cells. We will highlight important similarities with pathways identified in budding yeast for repair of other types of repeated sequences, including rDNA and short telomeres. We will also discuss the emerging role of chromatin composition and regulation in heterochromatin repair progression. Together, these discoveries challenged previous assumptions that repair sites are substantially static in multicellular eukaryotes, that heterochromatin is largely inert in the presence of DSBs, and that silencing and compaction in this domain are obstacles to repair.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Chromatin modifiers and remodellers in DNA repair and signalling’.
Inhibition of Intracellular Lipolysis Promotes Cancer Cell Adaptation to Hypoxia
Authors: Zhang Xiaodong , Saarinen Alicia M. , Hitosugi Taro , Wang Zhenghe , Wang Liguo , Ho Thai H. , Liu Jun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTumor tissues are chronically exposed to hypoxia owing to aberrant vascularity. Lipid droplet (LD) accumulation is a hallmark of hypoxic cancer cells, yet how LDs form and function during hypoxia remains poorly understood. Herein, we report that in various cancer cells upon oxygen deprivation, HIF-1 activation down-modulates LD catabolism mediated by adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), the key enzyme for intracellular lipolysis. Proteomics and functional analyses identified hypoxia-inducible gene 2 (HIG2), a HIF-1 target, as a new inhibitor of ATGL. Knockout of HIG2 enhanced LD breakdown and fatty acid (FA) oxidation, leading to increased ROS production and apoptosis in hypoxic cancer cells as well as impaired growth of tumor xenografts. All of these effects were reversed by co-ablation of ATGL. Thus, by inhibiting ATGL, HIG2 acts downstream of HIF-1 to sequester FAs in LDs away from the mitochondrial pathways for oxidation and ROS generation, thereby sustaining cancer cell survival in hypoxia.
A partial name prefix merging and shortening for name lookup in named data networking
Authors: Hsu Jenq-Muh , Chang Jui-Yang , Wang Chih-Hung 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
Named Data Networking (NDN) is a content-centric network differing from the traditional IP-based network. It adopts the name prefix to identify, query and route the information content instead of IP-based addressing and routing. NDN provides a convenient way to access the content without knowing the originated location of the requested information. However, the length of name prefix varies. It is not like the fixed-length IP addresses that makes handling queries or searching the requested information in NDN easier. An efficient name lookup mechanism of name prefix will efficiently increase the performance of prefix identifying, name searching and content retrieving. Therefore, this paper aims to propose a partial name prefix merging and shortening scheme for enhancing the efficiency of name lookup in NDN.

Design/methodology/approach
To reduce the work involved in name prefix identifying, querying, storing and routing, this work adopts a cyclic redundancy check-based encoding scheme to shorten the variable length of the name prefix into a proper and fixed length of encoded numerical information. In fact, the structure of a name prefix is presented in a combination of word segments with the slash symbol. The shortening procedure of name prefix can also be applied to adjacent word segments forming fixed-length encoded data for further efficiently matching the name prefix for name lookup in NDN.

Findings
The experimental results show that the shorter length of encoded name prefix can effectively reduce the access time of name lookup and increasingly retrieve the corresponding named content in NDN. Through partial merging and shortening of name prefix, the length of encoded prefix name may be larger than the whole encoding of name prefix. It retains the information differences from different parts of various name prefixes. Thus, it can avoid collision problems with the same encoded information from various name prefixes.

Originality/value
From the experimental results, it is observed that partial merging and shortening of name prefix is useful for name look up in NDN. It can increase the efficiency of name prefix matching and retrieving in NDN. It can also save memory space to store the name prefix in an NDN node.
Gender effects on impulse buying behavior
Authors: Prakash Gyan , Sahney Sangeeta , Kodati Soujanya , Shrivastava Archana 
Published: August 2017

Subject area
Choice Behavior.

Study level/applicability
The case study deals with cross-gender analysis of impulse buying behavior in apparel shopping in India. Any extrapolation of this study to other markets should take into account that Indian consumers are price sensitive. The buying behavior in apparel shopping may not be directly related to other retail categories such as ready-to-eat food, consumer electronics, etc.

Case overview
Mr Khuswant Chaddha’s family business is in tatters. Market dynamics have changed over the years and his textile mill is no longer the cash cow it once was. His son, Gaurav Chaddha, a recent engineering graduate, plans to save the business by venturing into branded apparel retailing. A key component of this strategy is to figure out impulse shopping behavior in apparel purchases. The gender angle is used to better comprehend the differences in impulse buying emotions so that males and females can be targeted with greater success. A survey of shoppers belonging to suitable demographics is used as the backbone of this study. The analysis of the data presents several dilemmas in some critical business decisions.

Expected learning outcomes
The objectives of the case include: understanding how marketplaces change over time; realizing the fact that businesses should evolve over time and even highly profitable business models can become obsolete pretty fast; studying the factors which influence the choice of an apparel store; understanding impulse buying behavior and how gender plays a decisive role in it and analyzing post purchase behavior with respect to gender.

Supplementary materials
Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 8: Marketing.
Analytical and numerical study on convection of nanofluid past a moving wedge with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Md Kasmani Ruhaila , Sivasankaran S. , Bhuvaneswari M. , Hussein Ahmed Kadhim 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate the Soret and Dufour effects on the double-diffusive convective boundary layer flow of a nanofluid past a moving wedge in the presence of suction.

Design/methodology/approach
The similarity transformation is applied to convert the governing nonlinear partial differential equations into ordinary differential equations. Then, they are solved numerically by the fourth-order Runge–Kutta–Gill method along with the shooting technique and the Newton–Raphson method. In addition, the ordinary differential equations are also analytically solved by the homotopy analysis method.

Findings
The results for dimensionless velocity, temperature, solutal concentration and nanoparticle volume fraction profiles, as well as local skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt and local Sherwood numbers are presented through the plots for various combinations of pertinent parameters involved in the study. The heat transfer rate increases on increasing the Soret parameter and it decreases on increasing the Dufour parameter. The mass transfer behaves oppositely to heat transfer.

Practical implication
In engineering applications, a wedge is used to hold objects in place, such as engine parts in the gate valves. A gate valve is the valve that opens by lifting a wedge-shaped disc to control the timing and quantity of fluid flow into an engine.

Originality/value
No such investigation is available in literature, and therefore, the results obtained are novel.
Rotating flow of Oldroyd-B fluid over stretchable surface with Cattaneo – Christov heat flux
Authors: Mustafa M. , Hayat T. , Alsaedi A. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the heat transfer effects on the stretched flow of Oldroyd-B fluid in a rotating frame. Cattaneo–Christov heat conduction model is considered, which accounts for the influence of thermal relaxation time.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on scale analysis, the usual boundary layer approximations are used to simplify the governing equations. The equations so formed have been reduced to self-similar forms by similarity transformations. A powerful analytic approach, namely, homotopy analysis method (HAM), has been applied to present uniformly convergent solutions for velocity and temperature profiles.

Findings
Suitable values of the so-called auxiliary parameter in HAM are obtained by plotting h-curves. The results show that boundary layer thickness has an inverse relation with fluid relaxation time. The rotation parameter gives resistance to the momentum transport and enhances fluid temperature. Thermal boundary layer becomes thinner when larger values of thermal relaxation time are chosen.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first attempt to study the three-dimensional rotating flow and heat transfer of Oldroyd-B fluid.