bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating research, clinical care, and education in academic health science centers
Authors: King Gillian , Thomson Nicole , Rothstein Mitchell , Kingsnorth Shauna , Parker Kathryn 
Published: October 2016

PurposeOne of the major issues faced by academic health science centers (AHSCs) is the need for mechanisms to foster the integration of research, clinical, and educational activities to achieve the vision of evidence-informed decision making (EIDM) and optimal client care. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachThis paper synthesizes literature on organizational learning and collaboration, evidence-informed organizational decision making, and learning-based organizations to derive insights concerning the nature of effective workplace learning in AHSCs.FindingsAn evidence-informed model of collaborative workplace learning is proposed to aid the alignment of research, clinical, and educational functions in AHSCs. The model articulates relationships among AHSC academic functions and sub-functions, cross-functional activities, and collaborative learning processes, emphasizing the importance of cross-functional activities in enhancing collaborative learning processes and optimizing EIDM and client care. Cross-functional activities involving clinicians, researchers, and educators are hypothesized to be a primary vehicle for integration, supported by a learning-oriented workplace culture. These activities are distinct from interprofessional teams, which are clinical in nature. Four collaborative learning processes are specified that are enhanced in cross-functional activities or teamwork: co-constructing meaning, co-learning, co-producing knowledge, and co-using knowledge.Practical implicationsThe model provides an aspirational vision and insight into the importance of cross-functional activities in enhancing workplace learning. The paper discusses the conceptual and empirical basis to the model, its contributions and limitations, and implications for AHSCs.Originality/valueThe model’s potential utility for health care is discussed, with implications for organizational culture and the promotion of cross-functional activities.
Continuous quality improvement in a Maltese hospital using logical framework analysis
Authors: Buttigieg Sandra C. , Gauci Dorothy , Dey Prasanta 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present the application of logical framework analysis (LFA) for implementing continuous quality improvement (CQI) across multiple settings in a tertiary care hospital.

Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a multiple case study approach. LFA is implemented within three diverse settings, namely, intensive care unit, surgical ward, and acute in-patient psychiatric ward. First, problem trees are developed in order to determine the root causes of quality issues, specific to the three settings. Second, objective trees are formed suggesting solutions to the quality issues. Third, project plan template using logical framework (LOGFRAME) is created for each setting.

Findings
This study shows substantial improvement in quality across the three settings. LFA proved to be effective to analyse quality issues and suggest improvement measures objectively.

Research limitations/implications
This paper applies LFA in specific, albeit, diverse settings in one hospital. For validation purposes, it would be ideal to analyse in other settings within the same hospital, as well as in several hospitals. It also adopts a bottom-up approach when this can be triangulated with other sources of data.

Practical implications
LFA enables top management to obtain an integrated view of performance. It also provides a basis for further quantitative research on quality management through the identification of key performance indicators and facilitates the development of a business case for improvement.

Originality/value
LFA is a novel approach for the implementation of CQI programs. Although LFA has been used extensively for project development to source funds from development banks, its application in quality improvement within healthcare projects is scant.
RiskTRACK: the five-factor model for measuring risk tolerance
Authors: Holzhauer Hunter Matthew , Lu Xing , McLeod Robert , Wang Jun 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Currently, few academics agree on a standard and scientific way to measure risk tolerance. This paper aims to create a unique model for empirically measuring risk tolerance and to make a strong contribution to the growing literature in risk tolerance and risk management.

Design/methodology/approach
The authors use factor analysis and regression analysis to identify relevant factors for measuring risk tolerance.

Findings
The risk tolerance model is based on the acronymed model riskTRACK, which includes the five significant factors this paper identifies for measuring risk tolerance: traditional risk factor, reflective risk factor, allocation risk factor, capacity risk factor and knowledge risk factor.

Research limitations/implications
Uses for future research streams devoted to risk tolerance and risk management.

Practical implications
The results also have practical applications for the financial services industry, particularly risk management, portfolio management and financial planning.

Originality/value
In sum, this research expands previous research in risk tolerance and also adds to the growing literature in risk management. Once again, this paper is unique in that the authors develop a valid and reliable risk tolerance model based on five specific factors for measuring risk tolerance.
A Bayesian inference model for the credit rating scale
Authors: Gmehling Philipp , La Mura Pierfrancesco 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to provide a theoretical explanation of why credit rating agencies typically disclose credit risk of issuers in classes rather than publishing the qualitative ranking those classes are based upon. Thus, its goal is to develop a better understanding of what determines the number and size of rating classes.

Design/methodology/approach
Investors expect ratings to be sufficiently accurate in estimating credit risk. In a theoretical model framework, it is therefore assumed that credit rating agencies, which observe credit risk with limited accuracy, are careful in not misclassifying an issuer with a lower credit quality to a higher rating class. This situation is analyzed as a Bayesian inference setting for the credit rating agencies.

Findings
A disclosure in intervals, typically used by credit rating agencies results from their objective of keeping misclassification errors sufficiently low in conjunction with the limited accuracy with which they observe credit risk. The number and size of the rating intervals depend in the model on how much accuracy the credit rating agencies can supply.

Originality/value
The paper uses Bayesian hypothesis testing to illustrate the link between limited accuracy of a credit rating agency and its disclosure of issuers’ credit risk in intervals. The findings that accuracy and the objective of avoiding misclassification determine the rating scale in this theoretical setting can lead to a better understanding of what influences the interval disclosure of major rating agencies observed in practice.
Stand-alone vs systemic risk-taking of financial institutions
Authors: Strobl Sascha 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This study investigates the risk-taking behavior of financial institutions in the USA. Specifically, differences between taking risks that affect primarily the shareholders of the institution and risks contributing to the overall systemic risk of the financial sector are examined. Additionally, differences between risk-taking before, during and after the financial crisis of 2007/2008 are examined.

Design/methodology/approach
To analyze the determinants of stand-alone and systemic risk, a generalized linear model including size, governance, charter value, business cycle, competition and control variables is estimated. Furthermore, Granger causality tests are conducted.

Findings
The results show that systemic risk has a positive effect on valuation and that corporate governance has no significant effect on risk-taking. The influence of competition is conditional on the state of the economy and the risk measure used. Systemic risk Granger-causes idiosyncratic risk but not vice versa.

Research limitations/implications
The major limitations of this study are related to the analyzed subset of large financial institutions and important risk-culture variables being omitted.

Practical implications
The broad policy implication of this paper is that systemic risk cannot be lowered by market discipline due to the moral hazard problem. Therefore, regulatory measures are necessary to ensure that individual financial institutions are not endangering the financial system.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the empirical literature on bank risk-taking in several ways. First, the characteristics of systemic risk and idiosyncratic risk are jointly analyzed. Second, the direction of causality of these two risk measures is examined. Moreover, this paper contributes to the discussion of the effect of competition on risk-taking.
Conference report: Special Libraries Association in Philadelphia: a unique blend of corporate, government, and academic librarians
Authors: Kesselman Martin 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to present a report of the Special Libraries Association (SLA) conference.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a conference report.

Findings
The paper includes the impressions of the SLA.

Originality/value
Original thoughts are presented in this paper.
Relationship between competitive strategy and construction organisation performance
Authors: Oyewobi Luqman Oyekunle , Windapo Abimbola Olukemi , Rotimi James Olabode Bamidele , Jimoh Richard Ajayi 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the possible moderating role of organisational characteristics (organisational structure, management style and decision-making style) in the relationship between strategy and organisational performance among large construction organisations in South Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
The study adopted a quantitative research approach using a questionnaire survey to obtain data from 72 large construction organisations in South Africa. Using hierarchical multiple regression, the paper examines the relationship between the constructs discussed in the study.

Findings
The internal characteristics of the organisation form the vital basis for achieving optimal performance. The results obtained from the analysis revealed that decision-making style directly influences the measure of organisational effectiveness, while it could also be inferred that organisational characteristics partly moderate the relationship between competitive strategy and organisational performance. The findings indicate that internal characteristics is one of the means through which organisational strategic factors and contextual aspects are organised to achieve greater organisational performance levels.

Originality/value
The findings have theoretical implications for strategic management literature in construction as it extends the scope of research on strategic management from assessing a set of individual management practices to evaluating a complex mechanism that connects internal characteristics and competitive advantage. It is believed that this study will contribute positively to the role of organisational characteristics in the competitive strategy-performance relationships in large construction organisations in South Africa and to the ongoing discussion on emerging strategic management issues in construction.
A computational analysis of the utility of chemical reactions within protective structures in mitigating shockwave-impact effects
Authors: Grujicic Mica , Snipes Jennifer , Ramaswami S. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to introduce and analyze a new blast-wave impact-mitigation concept using advanced computational methods and tools. The concept involves the use of a protective structure consisting of bimolecular reactants displaying a number of critical characteristics, including: a high level of thermodynamic stability under ambient conditions (to ensure a long shelf-life of the protective structure); the capability to undergo fast/large-yield chemical reactions under blast-impact induced shock-loading conditions; large negative activation and reaction volumes to provide effective attenuation of the pressure-dominated shockwave stress field through the volumetric-energy storing effects; and a large activation energy for efficient energy dissipation. The case of a particular bimolecular chemical reaction involving polyvinyl pyridine and cyclohexyl chloride as reactants and polyvinyl pyridinium ionic salt as the reaction product is analyzed.

Design/methodology/approach
Direct simulations of single planar shockwave propagations through the reactive mixture are carried out, and the structure of the shock front examined, as a function of the occurrence of the chemical reaction. To properly capture the shockwave-induced initiation of the chemical reactions during an impact event, all the calculations carried out in the present work involved the use of all-atom molecular-level equilibrium and non-equilibrium reactive molecular-dynamics simulations. In other words, atomic bonding is not pre-assigned, but is rather determined dynamically and adaptively using the concepts of the bond order and atomic valence.

Findings
The results obtained clearly reveal that when the chemical reactions are allowed to take place at the shock front and in the shockwave, the resulting shock front undergoes a considerable level of dispersion. Consequently, the (conserved) linear momentum is transferred (during the interaction of the protective-structure borne shockwaves with the protected structure) to the protected structure over a longer time period, while the peak loading experienced by the protected structure is substantially reduced.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge, the present work is the first attempt to simulate shock-induced chemical reactions at the molecular level, for purposes of blast-mitigation.
Two zone modeling of combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a cylinder head porous medium engine with experimental validation
Authors: Chidambaram Kannan , Thulasi Vijayakumar 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The development of a theoretical model for predicting the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a cylinder head porous medium engine becomes necessary due to imposed requirements from the viewpoint of power, efficiency and toxic gases in the exhaust. The cylinder head porous medium engine was found to have superior combustion, performance and emission characteristics when compared to a conventional diesel engine. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
Due to heterogeneous and transient operation of diesel engine under conventional and porous medium mode, the combustion process becomes complex, and achieving a pure analytical solution to the problem was difficult. Although, closer accuracy of correlation between the computer models and the experimental results is improbable, the computer model will give an opportunity to quantify the combustion and heat transfer processes and thus the performance and emission characteristics of an engine.

Findings
In this research work, a theoretical model was developed to predict the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a cylinder head porous medium engine through two-zone combustion modeling technique, and the results were validated through experimentation.

Originality/value
The two-zone model developed by using programming language C for the purpose of predicting combustion, performance and emission characteristics of a porous medium engine is the first of its kind.
Electromagnetic absorption and thermoelastic analysis of a functionally graded wave absorber
Authors: Tian Hongyan , Sang Jianbing , Ao Rihan , Hou Shujun 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
As a good absorbing material candidate, a functionally graded wave absorber can be tailored to satisfy the impedance match principle by gradually changing material property. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
The electromagnetic wave absorption properties are discussed. An analysis model is proposed to provide an insight into its mechanical characteristics during wave absorption. Considering the energy-converting and thermal deformation properties, the thermoelastic behaviors of an absorber are analyzed by numerical method. The effects of material and geometrical properties are discussed in detail.

Findings
The results demonstrate that absorbing effect of graded composite is enhanced. Good performance of low reflectance and high absorption with gentle thermal stress distribution can be obtained by proper designing of the gradient absorber.

Originality/value
Functionally graded materials exhibit a progressive compositional gradient change along certain dimension of structures, which can be used as absorbing materials for the gradual change of material property tailored to satisfy the principle of impedance match. The design of functionally graded absorbing materials usually should consider not only the electromagnetic performance, but also the mechanical properties simultaneously. Therefore, few investigations have addressed the mechanical characteristics of absorbers. This paper presents some studies on the electromagnetic, especially mechanical behaviors during electromagnetic wave absorption. It is helpful to provide mechanical reference for designing an absorber.
An upper-bound finite element solution for rolling of stainless steel 304L under warm and hot deformation conditions
Authors: Pourabdollah P. , Serajzadeh S. 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the thermomechanical behavior of stainless steel AISI 304L during rolling at elevated temperatures.

Design/methodology/approach
Two-dimensional finite element analysis together with the upper-bound solution were used for predicting temperature field and required power in warm and hot rolling operations. The required power and heat of deformation were estimated employing an upper-bound solution based on cylindrical velocity field and at the same time, temperature distributions within the rolling steel and the work rolls were determined by means of a thermal finite element analysis. To consider the effect of flow stress and its dependence on temperature, strain and strain rate, a neural network model was used and combined with the thermal and mechanical models. Finally, the microstructure of rolled steel was studied and the effect of rolling conditions was justified employing the predictions.

Findings
The results have shown that the predicted temperature variations were in good agreement with the experiments. Moreover, the model was shown to be capable of determining the effects of various rolling parameters such as reduction and rolling speed with low-computational cost as well as reasonable accuracy.

Originality/value
A combined upper-bound finite element analysis was developed to predict the required power and temperature field during plate rolling while the model can be employed under both hot and warm rolling conditions.
Design variation of thin-walled composite beam cross-section properties
Authors: Valido Aníbal J.J. , Cardoso João Barradas 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a design sensitivity analysis continuum formulation for the cross-section properties of thin-walled laminated composite beams. These properties are expressed as integrals based on the cross-section geometry, on the warping functions for torsion, on shear bending and shear warping, and on the individual stiffness of the laminates constituting the cross-section.

Design/methodology/approach
In order to determine its properties, the cross-section geometry is modeled by quadratic isoparametric finite elements. For design sensitivity calculations, the cross-section is modeled throughout design elements to which the element sensitivity equations correspond. Geometrically, the design elements may coincide with the laminates that constitute the cross-section.

Findings
The developed formulation is based on the concept of adjoint system, which suffers a specific adjoint warping for each of the properties depending on warping. The lamina orientation and the laminate thickness are selected as design variables.

Originality/value
The developed formulation can be applied in a unified way to open, closed or hybrid cross-sections.
Core skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor calcium release complex
Authors: Dulhunty Angela F , Wei‐LaPierre Lan , Casarotto Marco G , Beard Nicole A 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe core skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1) calcium release complex extends through three compartments of the muscle fibre, linking the extracellular environment through the cytoplasmic junctional gap to the lumen of the internal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium store. The protein complex is essential for skeletal excitation‐contraction (EC)‐coupling and skeletal muscle function. Its importance is highlighted by perinatal death if any one of the EC‐coupling components are missing and by myopathies associated with mutation of any of the proteins. The proteins essential for EC‐coupling include the DHPR α1S subunit in the transverse tubule membrane, the DHPR β1a subunit in the cytosol and the RyR1 ion channel in the SR membrane. The other core proteins are triadin and junctin and calsequestrin, associated mainly with SR. These SR proteins are not essential for survival but exert structural and functional influences that modify the gain of EC‐coupling and maintain normal muscle function. This review summarises our current knowledge of the individual protein/protein interactions within the core complex and their overall contribution to EC‐coupling. We highlight significant areas that provide a continuing challenge for the field. Additional important components of the Ca2+ release complex, such as FKBP12, calmodulin, S100A1 and Stac3 are identified and reviewed elsewhere.
Coprinuslactone protects the edible mushroom Coprinus comatus against biofilm infections by blocking both quorum‐sensing and MurA
Authors: de Carvalho Maira P. , Gulotta Giuseppe , do Amaral Matheus W. , Lünsdorf Heinrich , Sasse Florenz , Abraham Wolf‐Rainer 
Published: October 2016

SummaryPathogens embedded in biofilms are involved in many infections and are very difficult to treat with antibiotics because of higher resistance compared with planktonic cells. Therefore, new approaches for their control are urgently needed. One way to search for biofilm dispersing compounds is to look at defense strategies of organisms exposed to wet environments, which makes them prone to biofilm infections. It is reasonable to assume that mushrooms have developed mechanisms to control biofilms on their sporocarps (fruiting bodies). A preliminary screening for biofilms on sporocarps revealed several species with few or no bacteria on their sporocarps. From the edible mushroom Coprinus comatus where no bacteria on the sporocarp could be detected (3R,4S)‐2‐methylene‐3,4‐dihydroxypentanoic acid 1,4‐lactone, named coprinuslactone, was isolated. Coprinuslactone interfered with quorum‐sensing and dispersed biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, where it also reduced the formation of the pathogenicity factors pyocyanin and rhamnolipid B. Coprinuslactone also damaged Staphylococcus aureus cells in biofilms at subtoxic concentrations. Furthermore, it inhibited UDP‐N‐acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA), essential for bacterial cell wall synthesis. These two modes of action ensure the inhibition of a broad spectrum of pathogens on the fruiting body but may also be useful for future clinical applications.