bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ozonation inactivation of Escherichia coli in aqueous solution over MgO nanocrystals: modelling and mechanism
Authors: Chen Jun , Xu Shuang , Yang Hai , Au Chaktong , Tian Shuanghong , Xiong Ya 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThis study aims to reveal the potential of using heterogeneous catalytic ozonation processes (HCOP) in water disinfection and provide a direction to tailor the catalytic activity by crystal facet engineering. Four kinds of MgO nanocrystals individually with exposure of (111), (200), (110) and (100) facets were prepared and used.RESULTSIt is found that MgO functions as a bactericide as well as a catalyst for ozonation. The catalytic activity of MgO nanocrystals decreases in the order MgO(111) > MgO(200) > MgO(110) > MgO(100). The apparent first‐order inactivation rate (kap) fitted by the Hom model of MgO(111)/O3 is 2.56 min‐1, which is 32.0 and 3.5 times that of single ozonation and classic MgO(100)/O3. It is confirmed by scavenger studies that •OH mainly works in MgO(111)/O3 while more direct ozonation occurs in other cases. Some O2•− are also detected in the presence of MgO. With the attack of these reactive oxidation species, cell membranes were damaged and intracellular components were released, leading to the death of Escherichia coli.CONCLUSIONThese results indicate that HCOP is a promising technology for water disinfection, and crystal facet engineering is an effective strategy to enhance the catalytic performance. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
A novel food‐grade lactococcal expression system and its use for secretion and delivery of an oral vaccine antigen
Authors: Zhang Rongguang , Qiao Dan , Peng Xiaoyan , Duan Guangcai , Shi Qingfeng , Zhang Linghan , Wang Chen , Liang Wenjuan , Chen Shuaiyin , Fan Qingtang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDFood‐grade bacterial expression systems are relatively rare, and increasing evidence indicates that subcellular location of antigens in bacterial vector vaccines may markedly affect the immune efficacy.RESULTSThis study developed a novel food‐grade secretory expression system for heterologous protein production and oral vaccine delivery. Furthermore, by using the expression system, an engineered L. lactis strain secreting H. pylori UreB was constructed, and used to vaccinate SPF BALB/c mice. As results, the UreB expressed in L. lactis was detected in both cell lysates and culture supernatant of the engineered strain, constituting roughly 50% of the culture supernatant proteins, and recognized by mouse anti‐H. pylori sera. Oral vaccination with the engineered L. lactis produced a significantly elevated anti‐UreB serum antibody level in mice (P < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThese data show a novel food‐grade L. lactis secretory expression system, which may have distinct potential impact on edible and medicinal protein production and oral vaccine development. Moreover, this is the first report on secretory expression of a H. pylori antigen via using a food‐grade lactococcal expression system, and the engineered strain secreting UreB can be a hopeful H. pylori vaccine candidate. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Process for production and purification of lethal toxin neutralizing factor (LTNF) from E. coli and its economic analysis
Authors: Hebbi Vishwanath , Pandi Kathiresan , Kumar Devendra , Komives Claire , Rathore Anurag S 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDPurification of peptides offers unique challenges with respect to obtaining the desired process yield and selectivity. Lethal Toxin Neutralizing Factor (LTNF) is a peptide that is known to neutralize snake venom in mice when the peptide is preincubated with the venom prior to intravenous injection. A process for producing highly purified recombinant LTNF has been developed. The process has been modelled in SuperPro designer using laboratory data for a plant capable of producing 10 kg of purified rLTNF. Economic analysis has been performed for manufacturing 3 ton of purified rLTNFRESULTSThe process developed produces peptide in the form of concatemer that has been specifically designed to accumulate as insoluble inclusion bodies (IB) during expression in E. coli. A cation exchange chromatography step has been developed to capture the rLTNF concatemer at 140 g L‐1 dynamic binding capacity. Further, the purified concatemer is cleaved completely into monomeric rLTNF using alpha‐chymotrypsin enzyme. Finally, reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography has been designed to purify rLTNF with a recovery of more than 90% and purity greater than 98%. The overall process recovery is 78±2% resulting in 3.36 g of purified product per batch. Techno‐economic evaluation of the process has been performed to demonstrate its economic feasibility against currently marketed antivenom products.CONCLUSIONSThe developed process is able to produce purified rLTNF with 78±2% recovery. The study shows that recombinant technology can be used to produce rLTNF cost effectively and shows potential as a substitute for currently available antivenoms against snakebite. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
An adsorptive bioprocess for production and recovery of resveratrol with Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Braga Adelaide , Silva Marcelo , Oliveira Joana , Silva Ana Rita , Ferreira Patrícia , Ottens Marcel , Rocha Isabel , Faria Nuno 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe growing interest in polyphenols has led to the design of industrial‐scale processes able to produce them by fermentation and recover them in a more sustainable way. The goal of this work is to present two integrated approaches for the recovery of resveratrol, obtained through fermentation. The production of resveratrol using Corynebacterium glutamicum and its continuous removal using a hydrophobic resin is described. Batch production is compared with in situ product removal, where Amberlite XAD‐7HP is either directly added to the medium (direct adsorption) or is present in an external column (external adsorption).RESULTSFor both adsorption strategies tested, the amount of extracellular resveratrol increased from 75% to at least 90% of the total amount produced. However, lower total resveratrol concentrations were attained – 3.6 and 2.2 mg L‐1, for the external and direct contact strategies, respectively, versus 5.3 mg L‐1 for batch experiments.CONCLUSIONSThe proposed in situ removal strategies demonstrated the potential of increasing the excretion of resveratrol produced intracellularly. These process configurations may not only lead to a simpler downstream process design, but also to the avoidance of potential problems with the toxicity of polyphenols to the cells, especially when larger titers are obtained. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Feasibility and reproducibility of feature‐tracking‐based strain and strain rate measures of the left ventricle in different diseases and genders
Authors: Maceira Alicia M. , Tuset‐Sanchis Luis , López‐Garrido Miguel , San Andres Marta , López‐Lereu M. Pilar , Monmeneu Jose V. , García‐González M. Pilar , Higueras Laura 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundThe measurement of myocardial deformation by strain analysis is an evolving tool to quantify regional and global myocardial function.PurposeTo assess the feasibility and reproducibility of myocardial strain/strain rate measurements with magnetic resonance feature tracking (MR‐FT) in healthy subjects and in patient groups.Study TypeProspective study.PopulationSixty patients (20 hypertensives with left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (H); 20 nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (D); 20 ischemic heart disease (I); as well as 20 controls (C) were included, 10 men and 10 women in each group.Field Strength/SequenceA 1.5T MR protocol including steady‐state free precession (SSFP) cine sequences in the standard views and late enhancement sequences.AssessmentLV volumes, mass, global and regional radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain/strain rate were measured using CVI42 software. The analysis time was recorded.Statistical TestsIntraobserver and interobserver agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were obtained for reproducibility assessment as well as differences according to gender and group of pertinence.ResultsStrain/strain rate analysis could be achieved in all subjects. The average analysis time was 14 ± 3 minutes. The average intraobserver ICC was excellent (ICC >0.90) for strain and good (ICC >0.75) for strain rate. Reproducibility of strain measurements was good to excellent (ICC >0.75) for all groups of subjects and both genders. Reproducibility of strain measurements was good for basal segments (ICC >0.75) and excellent for middle and apical segments (ICC >0.90). Reproducibility of strain rate measurements was moderate for basal segments (ICC >0.50) and good for middle and apical segments.Data ConclusionMR‐FT for strain/strain rate analysis is a feasible and highly reproducible technique. CVI42 FT analysis was equally feasible and reproducible in various pathologies and between genders. Better reproducibility was seen globally for middle and apical segments, which needs further clarification.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage 2J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1415–1425.
Improvement of the repeatability of parallel transmission at 7T using interleaved acquisition in the calibration scan
Authors: Kameda Hiroyuki , Kudo Kohsuke , Matsuda Tsuyoshi , Harada Taisuke , Iwadate Yuji , Uwano Ikuko , Yamashita Fumio , Yoshioka Kunihiro , Sasaki Makoto , Shirato Hiroki 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundRespiration‐induced phase shift affects B0/B1+ mapping repeatability in parallel transmission (pTx) calibration for 7T brain MRI, but is improved by breath‐holding (BH). However, BH cannot be applied during long scans.PurposeTo examine whether interleaved acquisition during calibration scanning could improve pTx repeatability and image homogeneity.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsNine healthy subjects.Field Strength/Sequence7T MRI with a two‐channel RF transmission system was used.AssessmentCalibration scanning for B0/B1+ mapping was performed under sequential acquisition/free‐breathing (Seq‐FB), Seq‐BH, and interleaved acquisition/FB (Int‐FB) conditions. The B0 map was calculated with two echo times, and the B1+ map was obtained using the Bloch‐Siegert method. Actual flip‐angle imaging (AFI) and gradient echo (GRE) imaging were performed using pTx and quadrature‐Tx (qTx). All scans were acquired in five sessions. Repeatability was evaluated using intersession standard deviation (SD) or coefficient of variance (CV), and in‐plane homogeneity was evaluated using in‐plane CV.Statistical TestsA paired t‐test with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was used.ResultsThe intersession CV/SDs for the B0/B1+ maps were significantly smaller in Int‐FB than in Seq‐FB (Bonferroni‐corrected P < 0.05 for all). The intersession CVs for the AFI and GRE images were also significantly smaller in Int‐FB, Seq‐BH, and qTx than in Seq‐FB (Bonferroni‐corrected P < 0.05 for all). The in‐plane CVs for the AFI and GRE images in Seq‐FB, Int‐FB, and Seq‐BH were significantly smaller than in qTx (Bonferroni‐corrected P < 0.01 for all).Data ConclusionUsing interleaved acquisition during calibration scans of pTx for 7T brain MRI improved the repeatability of B0/B1+ mapping, AFI, and GRE images, without BH.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.
Experience with an abdominal compression band for radiotherapy of upper abdominal tumours
Authors: Van Gelder Rebecca , Wong Shelley , Le Andrew , Podreka Alexander , Briggs Adam , Haddad Carol , Hardcastle Nicholas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroductionRadiotherapy outcomes are influenced by treatment delivery geometric accuracy and organ‐at‐risk dose. The location of abdominal structures such as the liver, kidneys and tumour volumes can be strongly influenced by respiratory motion. This increases geometric uncertainty and dose to organs‐at‐risk. One common method of minimising respiratory motion is abdominal compression (AC).MethodsFifteen patients being treated for radiotherapy to upper abdominal tumours were analysed. Each patient underwent 2 four‐dimensional computerised tomography (4D‐CT) scans, one with and one without AC with a pneumatic compression belt. Liver and kidney positions were measured on the 4DCT scans at the peak inspiratory and expiratory respiratory phases. The patient received radiation therapy treatment planned on the CT data set with the technique (compression or no compression) that provided the least respiratory motion.ResultsThere was no statistically significant motion difference over the sample population with AC for the kidneys or liver. Of the 14 evaluable patients, 4, 6 and 6 saw reduction in superior‐inferior motion for left kidney, right kidney and liver respectively. The remainder either had negligible (<2 mm) or increase in motion with AC. For anterior‐posterior motion, 2, 2 and 1 saw a reduction for left‐kidney, right‐kidney and liver respectively.ConclusionAC through the use of a pneumatic compression belt was found to result in inconsistent reduction in kidney and liver respiratory motion. It is recommended that the effect of AC is evaluated on a per‐patient basis.
Cation binding in a soil with low exchange capacity: Implication for the structural rigidity of soil organic matter
Authors: Mouvenchery Yamuna Kunhi , Schaumann Gabriele Ellen 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTwo previous studies suggested that part of the cation sorption sites in soil organic matter with low exchange capacity have to be considered as “lonely”, i.e., too far from each other to allow direct cross‐linking by bivalent cations. The objective of this contribution was to understand the mechanisms controlling structural rigidity and physicochemical aging of the SOM (soil organic matter) and the role of water molecule bridges (WaMB) therein. For this, we evaluated the matrix rigidity of an organic surface layer of a Haplic Podzol on a quantitative basis, by assessing WaMB transition temperature (T*) directly after treatment with bivalent cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, or Ba2+) and after eight weeks of aging. Cation loading as well as cation type influenced matrix rigidity. Ba2+ induced the most rigid matrix and Mg2+ the weakest, which is in line with their binding strength in terms of Langmuir coefficient. The matrix rigidity increased with the cross‐linking activity, which is the product of loading and Langmuir constant of the respective cation. The aging process, however, was slowed down by the initial matrix rigidity, and the rigidity of the aged matrix decreased with increasing Langmuir constant. The degree of aging increased with increasing hydration enthalpy of the cation and decreased with increasing cation loading. Thus, directly after cation treatment, direct cross‐links by multivalent cations were most relevant, but WaMB increasingly gained influence on the matrix rigidity during aging. The untreated sample revealed a considerable number of WaMB, resulting in a fairly rigid and strongly cross‐linked matrix which, however, flexibly reacts on external influences like change in cation concentration or relative humidity. With these findings, the ideas on the relevance of indirect CaB‐WaMB associations between distant sorption sites for the rigidity and flexibility of the OM matrix as proposed in previous studies were confirmed on a mechanistic basis in this study.
A more sensitive detection of micrometastases of NSCLC in lymph nodes using the one‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) method
Authors: Vodicka Josef , Mukensnabl Petr , Vejvodova Sarka , Spidlen Vladimir , Kulda Vlastimil , Topolcan Ondrej , Pesta Martin 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundDetection of tumor cells in lymph nodes (LNs) removed during the treatment of pulmonary tumor by radical surgery is limited by the possibilities of standard histopathological methods. The goal of this study was to obtain more accurate pTNM status by a more sensitive detection of micrometastases in LNs.MethodsA total of 885 LNs, an average of 13.8 LNs per patient, were removed during 64 surgeries. LNs from the same zone were pooled together as a group, five groups of LNs were examined in each patient. A total of 320 groups of LNs were examined. One‐step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) method was compared to standard histopathological examination with haematoxylin‐eosin (H&E) staining and CK19 immunohistochemistry, specifically by an ultimate analysis of all intraoperatively removed LNs.ResultsIdentical results for H&E and OSNA examinations were recorded in 286 groups of LNs (89.4%). In total, positive examinations were recorded in 27 groups of LNs (8.4%) using the OSNA method, which were H&E negative. In seven groups of LNs (2.2%), the H&E examination was positive, while OSNA method produced negative results.ConclusionsThe OSNA examination led to a higher pTNM stage classification in 14 (21.9%) patients. The clinical significance remains the subject of follow‐up research.
Effects of local multivisceral resection for clinically locally advanced rectal cancer on long‐term outcomes
Authors: Dinaux Anne M. , Leijssen Lieve G. J. , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Kunitake Hiroko , Berger David L. 
Published: December 2017

IntroductionMultivisceral resection is occasionally needed to obtain clear margins in patients with transmural rectal cancer. Most series demonstrate equivalent outcomes between those patients who undergo multivisceral resections and those who do not, provided an R0‐resection is achieved. This study focuses solely on patients who received neoadjuvant treatment for clinically transmural rectal cancers and underwent a local multivisceral R0‐resection.MethodsA retrospective, single center analysis of consecutive series of patients who received a surgical R0‐resection after neoadjuvant treatment for a clinically transmural, non‐metastatic, primary rectal cancer. All patients were operated on between 2004 and 2015.ResultsA total of 279 patients was included, of whom 29 patients underwent a local multivisceral R0‐resection (LMVR). These patients were more often female and less often diagnosed through screening. Pathologic AJCC‐staging was significantly lower for non‐LMVR patients, with more favorable tumor characteristics. LMVR patients demonstrated higher rates of distant disease recurrence, and impaired survival, even after adjusting for disease stage.ConclusionAn R0‐resection after neoadjuvant therapy led to comparative local control of disease; however, patients with multivisceral resection had more distant recurrence and impaired survival, compared to those did not undergo a multivisceral resection. Further research should determine optimal postoperative care.
Chiral separation of disease biomarkers with 2‐hydroxycarboxylic acid structure
Authors: Calderón Carlos , Santi Cristina , Lämmerhofer Michael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractChiral 2‐hydroxycarboxylic acids are compounds that have been linked to particular diseases and are putative biomarkers with some diagnostic potential. The importance of identifying whether a particular enantiomer is related to certain diseases has been encouraged recently. However, in many cases it has not yet been elucidated whether there are stereochemical implications with respect to these biomarkers and whether their enantioselective analysis provides new insights and diagnostic potential. In this study 13 disease‐related chiral 2‐hydrocarboxylic acids were studied for their chiral separation by high‐performance liquid chromatography on three cinchona alkaloid‐derived chiral stationary phases. From a subgroup of eight 2‐hydroxymonocarboxylic acids, baseline resolution could be achieved and inversion of elution order by exchanging tert‐butylcarbamoyl quinidine chiral stationary phase (Chiralpak QD‐AX) for the corresponding quinine analogue (Chiralpak QN‐AX) is shown for seven of them. Furthermore, conditions for chiral separation of the 2‐hydroxydicarboxylic acids, citramalic acid, 2‐isopropylmalic acid, and 2‐hydroxyadipic acid are reported and compared to the previous reported conditions for 2‐hydroxyglutaric acid and malic acid.
Power Doppler Ultrasonography and Shear Wave Elastography as Complementary Imaging Methods for Suspected Local Breast Cancer Recurrence
Authors: Jales Rodrigo Menezes , Dória Maira Teixeira , Serra Kátia Piton , Miranda Mila Meneguelli , Menossi Carlos Alberto , Schumacher Klaus , Sarian Luis Otávio 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo prospectively investigate the diagnostic accuracy and clinical consequences of power Doppler morphologic criteria and shear wave elastography (SWE) as complementary imaging methods for evaluation of suspected local breast cancer recurrence in the ipsilateral breast or chest wall.MethodsThirty‐two breast masses with a suspicion of local breast cancer recurrence on B‐mode ultrasonography underwent complementary power Doppler and SWE evaluations. Power Doppler morphologic criteria were classified as avascular, hypovascular, or hypervascular. Shear wave elastography was classified according to a 5‐point scale (SWE score) and SWE maximum elasticity. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed by the sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve. A decision curve analysis assessed clinical consequences of each method. The reference standard for diagnosis was defined as core needle or excisional biopsy.ResultsHistopathologic examinations revealed 9 (28.2%) benign and 23 (71.8%) malignant cases. Power Doppler ultrasonography (US) had sensitivity of 34.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.6%–62.9%) and specificity of 45.4% (95% CI, 19.3%–71.5%). The SWE score (≥3) had sensitivity of 87.0% (95% CI, 66.4%–97.2%) and specificity of 44.4% (95% CI, 13.7%–78.8%). The SWE maximum elasticity (velocity > 6.5cm/s) had sensitivity of 87% (95% CI, 66.4%–97.2%) and specificity of 77.8% (95% CI, 40.0% to 97.2%). The areas under the curves for the SWE score and SWE maximum elasticity were 0.71 (95% CI, 0.53–0.87) and 0.82 (95% CI, 0.64–0.93), respectively (P = .32).ConclusionsPower Doppler US is unsuitable for discrimination between local breast cancer recurrence and fibrosis. Although the SWE score and SWE maximum elasticity can make this discrimination, the use of these methods to determine biopsy may lead to poorer clinical outcomes than the current practice of performing biopsies of all suspicious masses.