bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shiyang River streamflow since AD 1765, reconstructed by tree rings, contains far‐reaching hydro‐climatic signals over and beyond the mid‐latitude Asian continent
Authors: Chen Feng , Yuan Yu‐jiang , Zhang Rui‐bo , Wang Hui‐qin , Shang Hua‐ming , Zhang Tong‐wen , Qin Li , Fan Zi‐ang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this study, the regional tree‐ring chronology of Picea crassifolia was used to estimate annual (September to August) streamflow of the Shiyang River for the period from AD 1765 to 2010. The linear regression model was stable and could explain 41.5% of the variance for the calibration period of 1955–2005. According to the streamflow reconstruction, dry periods with below average streamflow occurred in AD 1775–1804, 1814–1823, 1831–1856, 1862–1867, 1877–1885, 1905–1910, 1926–1932, 1948–1951, 1960–1963 and 1989–2002. Periods of relatively wet years are identified for AD 1765–1774, 1805–1813, 1824–1830, 1857–1861, 1868–1876, 1886–1904, 1911–1925, 1933–1947, 1952–1959, 1964–1988 and 2003–2010. Comparisons with the precipitation reconstructions from surrounding areas supplied a high degree of confidence in our reconstruction. Our reconstructed streamflow is significantly correlated with sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean. The Multitaper spectral and correlation analyses also suggested that the reconstructed streamflow variation in the Shiyang River could be associated with large‐scale atmospheric‐oceanic variability, such as El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The linkages among the streamflow reconstruction, NAO and ENSO suggest the connection of regional streamflow variations to the Asian monsoon and westerlies circulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells modulate the immune response in chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model
Authors: Shalaby Sally M. , Sabbah Norhan A. , Saber Taisir , Abdel Hamid Reda A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune inflammatory neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that disrupts the myelin sheath, leading to dysfunction of the brain and spinal cord. No curative treatment is known for MS. Mesenchymal stem cells, through their immunomodulatory effects, represent a promising therapeutic approach for MS. The aim of this article is to explore the impact of human adipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs) on chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS when injected after a disease entered an irreversible clinical course. Forty‐one female albino rats were classified into the following groups: I: control, II: EAE‐untreated, III and IV: EAE treated with PBS at 15 and 25 days postimmunization (dpi), respectively, V and VI: EAE treated with ASCs at 15 and 25 dpi, respectively. Intravenous administration of ASCs at 15 or 25 dpi significantly ameliorates the disease course and decreases the immune cell infiltration, vascular congestion and axonal loss of the gray and white matters of cerebral cortex. ASCs treatment induced a Th2 shift of the immune response and downregulation of IL‐17 levels. We also found an engraftment of the ASCs into the lymph nodes and the brains up to 25 days after injection. The important finding was that human HLA‐G gene was significantly expressed in lymph nodes and brains of rats treated with ASCs. Transplantation of human ASCs has demonstrated striking therapeutic effects and unique immunomodulatory capacities when delivered at the peak or later in the course of the disease in EAE rats. Interestingly, ASCs injection at the peak of EAE had better effects than those injected after disease stabilization. We first determined that the immunomodulatory properties of ASCs in the brain are explained, at least in part, by the ability of ASCs to express HLA‐G. © 2016 IUBMB Life, 68(2):106–115, 2016
Expression of the potential cancer stem cell markers CD133 and CD44 in medullary thyroid carcinoma: A ten‐year follow‐up and prognostic analysis
Authors: Bi Yalan , Meng Yunxiao , Wu Huanwen , Cui Quancai , Luo Yufeng , Xue Xiaowei 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectivesTo investigate the expression profiles of cancer stem cells (CSCs) markers CD133 and CD44 in a cohort of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) patients, and their prognostic values during 10‐year follow‐up.MethodsMTC samples were obtained for H&E and immunohistochemical analysis. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan–Meier method and log‐rank test.ResultsBoth the CD133 and CD44 positives were higher in MTC than control. High expression of CD133 and CD44 was positively correlated with capsule invasion and each other, and their co‐expression was significantly correlated with capsule invasion, tissue invasion, and metastases at surgery. Tumor size, capsular invasion, tissue invasion, metastases at surgery, surgical plan, lymph node metastases, TNM stage, CD133, and CD44 were prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and/or disease free survival (DFS). Both the CD133 and CD44 were unfavorable prognostic predictors for OS (P = 0.046,P = 0.03), while only CD44 was a significant predictor for DFS (P = 0.017). OS rate in CD133/CD44 co‐expression group was significantly lower than that in non‐co‐expression group (χ2 = 8.44,P = 0.004).ConclusionOur study suggested the high expression of CD133 and CD44 in the MTC, and CD133 and CD44 expressions were correlated with capsule invasion and with OS. CD133 and/or CD44 may be prognostic factors for OS and/or DFS in our MTC patients.J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:144–151. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
Sentinel lymph node identification using superparamagnetic iron oxide particles versus radioisotope: The French Sentimag feasibility trial
Authors: Houpeau Jean‐Louis , Chauvet Marie‐Pierre , Guillemin François , Bendavid‐Athias Cécile , Charitansky Hélène , Kramar Andrew , Giard Sylvia 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectivesThe French Sentimag feasibility trial evaluated a new method for the localization of breast cancer sentinel lymph node (SLN) using Sienna+®, superparamagnetic iron oxide particles, and Sentimag® detection in comparison to the standard technique (isotopes ± blue dye).MethodsWe conducted a prospective multicentric paired comparison trial on 115 patients. SLN localization was performed using both the magnetic technique and the standard method. Detection rate and concordance between magnetic and standard tracers were calculated. Post‐operative complications were assessed after 30 days.ResultsResults are based on 108 patients. SLN identification rate was 98.1% [93.5–99.8] for both methods, 97.2% [92.1–99.4] for Sienna+® and 95.4% [89.5–98.5] for standard technique. A mean of 2.1 SLNs per patient was removed. The concordance rate was 99.0% [94.7–100.0%] per patient and 97.4% [94.1–99.2] per node. Forty‐six patients (43.4%) had nodal involvement. Among involved SLNs, concordance rate was 97.7% [88.0–99.9] per patient and 98.1% [90.1–100.0] per node.ConclusionsThis new magnetic tracer is a feasible method and a promising alternative to the isotope. It could offer benefits for ambulatory surgery or sites without nuclear medicine departments. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:501–507. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Multicenter clinical trial of the Nucleus Hybrid S8 cochlear implant: Final outcomes
Authors: Gantz Bruce J. , Dunn Camille , Oleson Jacob , Hansen Marlan , Parkinson Aaron , Turner Christopher 
Published: January 2016

Objectives/HypothesisThe concept of expanding electrical speech processing to those with more residual acoustic hearing with a less‐invasive shorter cochlear implant (CI) has been ongoing since 1999. A multicenter study of the Nucleus Hybrid S8 CI took place between 2002 and 2011. This report describes the final outcomes of this clinical trial.Study DesignMulticenter, longitudinal, single‐subject design.MethodsEighty‐seven subjects received a Nucleus Hybrid S8 CI in their poorer ear. Speech perception in quiet (Consonant‐Nucleus‐Consonant [CNC] words) and in noise (Bamford‐Kowal‐Bench Sentences‐In‐Noise [BKB‐SIN]) were collected pre‐ and postoperatively at 3, 6, and 12 months. Subjective questionnaire data using the Abbreviated Profile for Hearing Aid Benefit (APHAB) were also collected.ResultsSome level of hearing preservation was accomplished in 98% subjects, with 90% maintaining a functional low‐frequency pure‐tone average (LFPTA) at initial activation. By 12 months, five subjects had total hearing loss, and 80% of subjects maintained functional hearing. CNC words demonstrated that 82.5% and 87.5% of subjects had significant improvements in the hybrid and combined conditions, respectively. The majority had improvements with BKB‐SIN. Results also indicated that as long as subjects maintained at least a severe LFPTA, there was significant improvement in speech understanding. Furthermore, all subjects reported positive improvements in hearing in three of the four subscales of the APHAB.ConclusionsThe concept of hybrid speech processing has significant advantages for subjects with residual low‐frequency hearing. In this study, the Nucleus Hybrid S8 provided improved word understanding in quiet and noise. Additionally, there appears to be stability of the residual hearing after initial activation of the device.Level of Evidence2c Laryngoscope, 126:962–973, 2016
Microwave preservation method for DMSP, DMSO, and acrylate in unfiltered seawater and phytoplankton culture samples
Authors: Kinsey Joanna D. , Kieber David J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA microwave‐preservation method was developed to quantify total dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPT), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOT), and acrylate (acrylateT) concentrations in unfiltered samples to alleviate problems associated with the acidification method when applied to samples containing Phaeocystis. Microwave‐ and acid‐preservation methods were compared using batch cultures of Phaeocystis antarctica and 11 other marine phytoplankton species for DMSPT, batch P. antarctica cultures for DMSOT and acrylateT, and unfiltered Delaware Estuary water samples for DMSPT to demonstrate the general applicability of this method. Acidification of P. antarctica culture samples resulted in the underestimation of DMSPT (42–69%) and overestimation of dimethylsulfide (DMS) (2156–3819%), DMSOT (9–101%), and acrylateT (71–249%). By comparison, DMSPT concentrations in microwaved samples agreed with non‐microwaved, non‐acidified controls. In contrast to P. antarctica results, the microwave‐ and acid‐preservation methods yielded DMSPT concentrations that were statistically indistinguishable for 11 other marine phytoplankton species and Delaware Estuary samples. Unfiltered samples stored frozen following microwave treatment or stored at room temperature if acidified after the microwaving step, resulted in no change in DMSPT or acrylateT; DMSOT concentrations increased slightly (∼ 15%) when they were not sparged to remove DMS prior to acidification and room temperature storage. Based on these findings, we propose microwaving small sample volumes (≤ 7 mL) of unfiltered seawater or culture samples as a general approach to preserve samples for subsequent DMSPT, DMSOT, and acrylateT analyses, especially when the phytoplankton composition of the samples is unknown.
Dentinal tubule penetration of AH Plus, iRoot SP, MTA fillapex, and guttaflow bioseal root canal sealers after different final irrigation procedures: A confocal microscopic study
Authors: Akcay Merve , Arslan Hakan , Durmus Nazli , Mese Merve , Capar Ismail Davut 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectiveVaried physical and chemical characteristic of root canal sealers and different irrigant agitation systems can influence the depth of penetration. The aim of this in vitro study was to use a laser scanning confocal microscope in order to assess the dentinal tubules penetration of various sealers after the application of different final irrigation techniques.Study Design/Materials and MethodsA total of 156 single‐rooted extracted mandibular premolars were prepared up to size 40 and randomly distributed into four groups according to the sealer type (n = 39): AH Plus, iRoot SP, MTA Fillapex, and GF Bioseal. Each group was randomly subdivided into three groups according to the final irrigation protocol (n = 13): conventional needle irrigation (CI), photon‐induced‐photoacoustic streaming activation (PIPS), and passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI). After the final irrigation procedures, the root canals were obturated with single gutta‐percha and labeled sealer mixed with 0.1% fluorescent rhodamine B isothiocyanate. Specimens were sectioned at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex, and all the sections were examined under confocal microscope to calculate the dentinal tubule penetration area. Data were analyzed using three‐way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests (P = 0.05).ResultsiRoot SP exhibited a significantly higher penetration area than the other groups (P < 0.001), although there were no statistically significant differences between AH Plus, MTA Fillapex, and GF Bioseal (P > 0.05). Er:YAG laser activation with PIPS and PUI had significantly higher penetration than CI (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were also determined at each root canal third (coronal > middle > apical; P < 0.001).ConclusionsThe dentinal tubule penetration area was significantly affected by the selection of root canal sealer, final irrigation procedure, and root canal third. Use of iRoot with PIPS tip or PUI seems advantageous in dentinal tubule penetration. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:70–76, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcranial laser stimulation improves human cerebral oxygenation
Authors: Tian Fenghua , Hase Snehal N. , Gonzalez‐Lima F. , Liu Hanli 
Published: January 2016

Background and ObjectiveTranscranial laser stimulation of the brain with near‐infrared light is a novel form of non‐invasive photobiomodulation or low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) that has shown therapeutic potential in a variety of neurological and psychological conditions. Understanding of its neurophysiological effects is essential for mechanistic study and treatment evaluation. This study investigated how transcranial laser stimulation influences cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in the human brain in vivo using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).Materials and MethodsTwo separate experiments were conducted in which 1,064‐nm laser stimulation was administered at (1) the center and (2) the right side of the forehead, respectively. The laser emitted at a power of 3.4 W and in an area of 13.6 cm2, corresponding to 0.25 W/cm2 irradiance. Stimulation duration was 10 minutes. Nine healthy male and female human participants of any ethnic background, in an age range of 18–40 years old were included in each experiment.ResultsIn both experiments, transcranial laser stimulation induced an increase of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbO2]) and a decrease of deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration (Δ[Hb]) in both cerebral hemispheres. Improvements in cerebral oxygenation were indicated by a significant increase of differential hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbD] = Δ[HbO2] − Δ[Hb]). These effects increased in a dose‐dependent manner over time during laser stimulation (10 minutes) and persisted after laser stimulation (6 minutes). The total hemoglobin concentration (Δ[HbT] = Δ[HbO2] + Δ[Hb]) remained nearly unchanged in most cases.ConclusionNear‐infrared laser stimulation applied to the forehead can transcranially improve cerebral oxygenation in healthy humans. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:343–349, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. Lasers in Surgery and Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a double cap on the humidity sensor in radiosondes for improving ventilation
Authors: Lee Sang‐Wook , Kim Jong Chul , Choi Byung Il , Woo Sang‐Bong , So Jae Won , Yang Seung Gu , Kim Yong‐Gyoo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTAlthough a protective cap on the humidity sensor of radiosondes is an effective tool to prevent the sensor from wetting by rain and/or clouds, the cap is thought to be responsible for poor ventilation and thereby induces a time delay in the measurement of relative humidity in upper air. In the present study, a new type of the protective cap having a double cap configuration has been developed for improving the ventilation of air. The double cap consists of an outer cap and an inner cap with holes and windows on the top and sides of each cap, respectively, that are designed not to face each other, between two caps for blocking the penetration of water droplets. The wetting of the double cap was tested by artificial water droplets as well as during flying tests on rainy days and the humidity sensor in a double cap was not wet in both cases. In addition, the response of sensors to indoor humidity changes as well as during balloon‐borne measurements was found to be faster in the case of double caps than conventional closed caps, suggesting the enhancement of ventilation when using the double cap. The present study provides an efficient way to improve the performance of humidity sensors of radiosondes by simply modifying the design of protective caps.
Lynch syndrome mutation spectrum in New South Wales, Australia, including 55 novel mutations
Authors: Sjursen Wenche , McPhillips Mary , Scott Rodney J. , Talseth‐Palmer Bente A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundLynch syndrome, the most frequent hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, is caused by defects in mismatch repair genes. Genetic testing is important in order to identify mutation carriers who can benefit from intensive surveillance programs. One of the challenges with genetic testing is the interpretation of pathogenicity of detected DNA variants. The aim of this study was to investigate all putative pathogenic variants tested for at the Division of Molecular Medicine, Pathology North, in Newcastle, Australia, to establish whether previous variant classification is in accordance with that recently performed in the InSiGHT collaboration.MethodsPrediction programs and available literature were used to classify new variants or variants without classification.ResultsWe identified 333 mutation positive families, in which 211 different putative pathogenic mismatch repair mutations were found. Most variants with an InSiGHT classification (141 out of 146) were in accordance with our classification. Five variants were discordant, of which one can definitively be reclassified according to the InSiGHT scheme as class 5. Sixty‐four variants had not been classified by InSiGHT, of whom 55 have not been previously reported.ConclusionIn conclusion, we found that our classifications were mostly in accordance with the InSiGHT scheme. In addition to already known MMR mutations, we have also presented 55 novel pathogenic or putative pathogenic mutations.
CNS Multiparameter Optimization Approach: Is it in Accordance with Occam’s Razor Principle?
Authors: Raevsky Oleg A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA detailed analysis of the possibility of using the Multiparameter Optimization approach (MPO) for CNS/non‐CNS classification of drugs was carried out. This work has shown that MPO descriptors are able to describe only part of chemical transport in the CNS connected with transmembrane diffusion. Hence the “intuitive” CNS MPO approach with arbitrary selection of descriptors and calculations of score functions, search of thresholds of classification, and absence of any chemometric procedures, leads to rather modest accuracy of CNS/non‐CNS classification models.
Analysengerät Mobiltelefon
Authors: Ehrensberger Christian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDas Smartphone ist zur Plattform geworden: Es erkennt Sprache, macht Fotos, zeichnet bewegte Bilder auf und bietet Informationsaustausch jeglicher Art – nun wird es auch zum Messsystem für chemische Analytik, insbesondere in der medizinischen Diagnostik.
Polymere auf Schwefelbasis: Vulkanisation andersherum
Authors: Hoefling Alexander , Theato Patrick 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie inverse Vulkanisation stellt aus elementarem Schwefel und organischen Molekülen funktionalisierte Polymere her. Die Produkte sind prozessierbare Materialien, die Forscher als Kathodenmaterial in Batterien, als Infrarotlinsen oder als Halbleiter für die Photovoltaik nutzen.
Öffentlichkeitsarbeit für die Katalyse
Authors: Penno Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie Pressestelle einer Forschungsinstitution wie des Exzellenzclusters Unicat in Berlin versteht sich als Schnittstelle zwischen den Wissenschaftlern und Laien und möchte die Forschung einem breiteren Publikum näher bringen.
Reference values for frequency volume chart and uroflowmetry parameters in adolescent and adult enuresis patients
Authors: Hofmeester Ilse , Brinker Astrid E. , Steffens Martijn G. , Mulder Zwaan , van Capelle Jan Willem , Feitz Wout F.J. , Blanker Marco H. 
Published: January 2016

AimsReference values of Frequency Volume Chart (FVC) and uroflowmetry parameters for adolescent and adult enuresis patients are lacking. In this study, we aim to describe those parameters, in order to interpret findings from FVCs and uroflowmetries in those patients.MethodsRetrospective, descriptive cohort study, concerning 907 patients aged 11 years and older, suffering from enuresis of at least one wet night per fortnight, treated in a secondary/tertiary centre, between 2003 and 2013. The main FVC parameters of interest were: maximum voided volume (MVV), 24 hr urine production and nocturnal urine volume (NUV) including first morning void (FMV). Nocturnal polyuria (NP) was defined based on both International Children's Continence Society (ICCS, 2014) and International Continence Society (ICS, 2002) definitions. Data of all patients were collected from the medical files.ResultsAge had an impact on diurnal and nocturnal FVC parameters. Median MVV excluding FMV was 250 ml in the youngest, 11‐year‐old males and 363 ml in the eldest, ≥18‐yr‐old males. For females, these values were 230 ml and 310 ml. Median 24 hr urine production increased from 1,025 ml to 1,502 ml (males) and from 1,007 ml to 1,557 ml (females). Median NUV showed an increase from 387 ml to 519 ml (males) and from 393 ml to 525 (females). Forty‐two percent of men and 30% of women had a small MVV (for age). Prevalence of NP differed when assessed by the ICS or the ICCS definition: following ICS guidelines, NP was present in 96% of our male and 93% of our female population, compared to 27% and 41%, respectively, following ICCS guidelines.ConclusionsBoth small MVV and NP were found frequently in our adolescent and adult enuresis patients, which is in line with the current thoughts on causal factors. NP prevalence is quite different when using ICS or ICCS definitions, respectively. We would like to encourage the development of an unambiguous definition of NP to use both in pediatric and adult urology. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:463–468, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.