bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suppressing Sodium Dendrites by Multifunctional Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Interlayers with Nonthrough Pores and High Flux/Affinity of Sodium Ions toward Long Cycle Life Sodium Oxygen‐Batteries
Authors: Ma Jin‐Ling , Yin Yan‐Bin , Liu Tong , Zhang Xin‐Bo , Yan Jun‐Min , Jiang Qing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRechargeable sodium–oxygen (Na–O2) batteries are of interest due to their high specific capacity, high equilibrium potential output, and the abundance of sodium resources; however, their cycle life is still very poor due to instability of electrolytes and especially the uncontrollable growth of Na dendrites. Herein, as a proof‐of‐concept experiment, a facile and low‐cost strategy is first proposed and demonstrated to effectively suppress growth of Na dendrites by using a fibrillar polyvinylidene fluoride film (f‐PVDF) with nonthrough pore as a multifunctional blocking interlayer. Unexpectedly, the f‐PVDF interlayer endows Na–O2 battery with superior electrochemical performances, including high rate capability and long cycle life (up to 87 cycles), which is superior to those of the compact PVDF (c‐PVDF), PVDF with through pores (p‐PVDF), polyethylene oxide (PEO), and conventional polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) counterparts due to the following combined advantages: (1) the stronger CF polar function groups provide a better affinity to Na ions, thus enabling a more homogeneous Na deposition than that of CO function groups in PEO interlayer; (2) compared with c‐PVDF and p‐PVDF interlayers, f‐PVDF holds more electrolyte uptake for higher ion conductivity; (3) the good wettability of the f‐PVDF interlayer with electrolyte benefits Na dendrite suppression compared with PTFE interlayer.
Coaxial Thermoplastic Elastomer‐Wrapped Carbon Nanotube Fibers for Deformable and Wearable Strain Sensors
Authors: Zhou Jian , Xu Xuezhu , Xin Yangyang , Lubineau Gilles 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHighly conductive and stretchable fibers are crucial components of wearable electronics systems. Excellent electrical conductivity, stretchability, and wearability are required from such fibers. Existing technologies still display limited performances in these design requirements. Here, achieving highly stretchable and sensitive strain sensors by using a coaxial structure, prepared via coaxial wet spinning of thermoplastic elastomer‐wrapped carbon nanotube fibers, is proposed. The sensors attain high sensitivity (with a gauge factor of 425 at 100% strain), high stretchability, and high linearity. They are also reproducible and durable. Their use as safe sensing components on deformable cable, expandable surfaces, and wearable textiles is demonstrated.
Nanodiamond‐Palladium Core–Shell Organohybrid Synthesis: A Mild Vapor‐Phase Procedure Enabling Nanolayering Metal onto Functionalized sp3‐Carbon
Authors: Gunawan Maria A. , Moncea Oana , Poinsot Didier , Keskes Mariem , Domenichini Bruno , Heintz Olivier , Chassagnon Rémi , Herbst Frédéric , Carlson Robert M. K. , Dahl Jeremy E. P. , Fokin Andrey A. , Schreiner Peter R. , Hierso Jean‐Cyrille 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel approach for the bottom‐up construction of hybrid organic–inorganic nanocomposites with an intimate arrangement between sp3‐carbon 3D molecular‐size nanodiamonds (diamondoids) and a coated palladium surface as nanolayer is reported. The construction process is conducted stepwisely from the gas phase, using first controlled vapor‐phase self‐assembly of tailor‐made functionalized diamantane derivatives, followed by low‐temperature (45 °C) chemical vapor deposition of an organometallic complex in a reducing H2atmosphere over the self‐assembled diamondoid scaffold. The use of self‐assemblies of primary diamantane phosphine and phosphine oxide, which are produced with high structural uniformity and reproducibility, yields new hybrid diamondoid‐palladium materials incorporating PdOPHdiamantane bonding motifs. Additional investigations provide evidence for a very challenging issue in the intimate construction of sp3‐C/metal scaffolds. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy microscopies combined with X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy surface analysis and EDX bulk analysis confirm the formation of diamondoid‐palladium organohybrids with unique surface layering. The vapor phase‐controlled mild synthetic process allows excellent control over nanocomposite formation and morphology from molecular‐level modifications. As such, this bottom‐up composite building process bridges scales from the molecular (functionalized diamondoids) over nanoscopic (self‐assemblies) to microscopic regime (hybrids), in the challenging association of transition metals with an electronically saturated sp3‐carbon organic host material.
Monodisperse Metallic NiCoSe2 Hollow Sub‐Microspheres: Formation Process, Intrinsic Charge‐Storage Mechanism, and Appealing Pseudocapacitance as Highly Conductive Electrode for Electrochemical Supercapacitors
Authors: Hou Linrui , Shi Yaoyao , Wu Chen , Zhang Yanru , Ma Yangzhou , Sun Xuan , Sun Jinfeng , Zhang Xiaogang , Yuan Changzhou 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHighly conductive metal selenides are gaining prominence as promising electrode materials in electrochemical energy‐storage fields. However, phase‐pure bimetallic selenides are scarcely retrieved, and their underlying charge‐storage mechanisms are still far from clear. Here, first a solvothermal strategy is devised to purposefully fabricate monodisperse hollow NiCoSe2 (H‐NiCoSe2) sub‐microspheres. Inherent formation of metallic H‐NiCoSe2 is tentatively put forward with comparative structure‐evolution investigations. Interestingly, the fresh H‐NiCoSe2 does not demonstrate striking supercapacitive behaviors when evaluated for electrochemical supercapacitors (ESs). But it exhibits competitive pseudocapacitance of ≈750 F g−1 at a rate of 3 A g−1 with a high loading of 7 mg cm−2 after ≈100 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. With systematic physicochemical/electrochemical analyses, intrinsic energy‐storage mechanism of the H‐NiCoSe2 is convincingly revealed that the electrooxidation‐generated biactive CoOOH/NiOOH phases in aqueous KOH over CV scanning, rather than the H‐NiCoSe2 itself, account for the remarkable pesudocapacitance observed after cycling. An assembled H‐NiCoSe2‐based asymmetric device has delivered an energy density of ≈25.5 Wh kg−1 with a power rate of ≈3.75 kW kg−1, and long‐span cycle life. More significantly, the electrode design and new perspectives here hold profound promise in enriching material synthesis methodologies and in‐depth understanding of the complex charge‐storage process of newly emerging pseudocapacitive materials for next‐generation ESs.
Electrodeless Reverse Electrodialysis Patches as an Ionic Power Source for Active Transdermal Drug Delivery
Authors: Kwon Seung‐Ryong , Nam So Hee , Park Clara Yongjoo , Baek Seol , Jang Joomyung , Che Xiangguo , Kwak Su Hong , Choi Yu‐Ra , Park Na‐Rae , Choi Je‐Yong , Lee Yan , Chung Taek Dong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractReverse electrodialysis (RED) is one of the promising sustainable technologies generating electric power from the mixing energy of two different salt solutions. Most of the reports on the RED systems are focused on scale‐up development and the improvement of maximum power density. However, regarding biocompatible and eco‐friendly natures, the RED system also has a great potential use where low electrical power is necessary, in particular for skin‐wearable biomedical devices. In this work, electronics‐free RED patches are devised as an ionic power source for active transdermal drug delivery. The electrodeless RED patches generate reliable voltages, which are proportional to the number of ion‐exchange membranes and salinity ratios, and successfully facilitate in vitro delivery of ionic drugs through mouse skin without involving any electronic component for the first time; 9, 20, and 36‐fold increases with lidocaine, ketorolac, and risedronate, respectively. Indeed, by using an osteoporosis‐induced mouse model, the RED patch delivery demonstrates powerful in vivo therapeutic effects against the diffusion‐based topical administration. The new ionic power source can allow transport of various types of drugs in the transdermal route and, more importantly, can be used for the operation of other portable biomedical devices.
Facile “Spot‐Heating” Synthesis of Carbon Dots/Carbon Nitride for Solar Hydrogen Evolution Synchronously with Contaminant Decomposition
Authors: Zhang Gong , Ji Qinghua , Wu Zhang , Wang Guichang , Liu Huijuan , Qu Jiuhui , Li Jinghong 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe use of solar energy to produce the clean hydrogen (H2) energy from water splitting is a promising means of renewable energy conversion. High activation barriers for O2 generation associated with the rate‐limiting steps require utilization of noble metal‐based cocatalysts, which complicates the fabrication procedure and compromises the stability of the catalyst. Here, a homogenous “spot heating” approach is designed via the ultrasonic cavitation effect for evenly embedding highly crystalline carbon quantum dots (CQDs) on 2D C3N4 nanosheets. Based on density functional calculations and electrochemical experiments, the optimal introduction of CQDs into C3N4 not only extends light absorption spectrum, but also reduces effective mass of electrons (e−), facilitating photocarrier transport from excited sites. And, more importantly, the well‐organized CQDs with superior peroxidase mimetic activity can increase catalytic H2 production through the process of (i) 2H2O → H2O2 + H2; (ii) H2O2→2•OH; (iii) •OH + bisphenol A→ Final Products, with H2 production rate (152 µmol g−1 h−1) several times higher than that for pure C3N4. This work demonstrates an ideal platform for efficient H2 production with synergetic organic contaminant degradation, thereby opening possibilities for coupling energy conversion with environmental remediation.
Exploring Anomalous Polarization Dynamics in Organometallic Halide Perovskites
Authors: Ahmadi Mahshid , Collins Liam , Puretzky Alexander , Zhang Jia , Keum Jong Kahk , Lu Wei , Ivanov Ilia , Kalinin Sergei V. , Hu Bin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrganometallic halide perovskites (OMHPs) have attracted broad attention as prospective materials for optoelectronic applications. Among the many anomalous properties of these materials, of special interest are the ferroelectric properties including both classical and relaxor‐like components, as a potential origin of slow dynamics, field enhancement, and anomalous mobilities. Here, ferroelectric properties of the three representative OMHPs are explored, including FAPbxSn1–xI3 (x = 0, x = 0.85) and FA0.85MA0.15PbI3 using band excitation piezoresponse force microscopy and contact mode Kelvin probe force microscopy, providing insight into long‐ and short‐range dipole and charge dynamics in these materials and probing ferroelectric density of states. Furthermore, second‐harmonic generation in thin films of OMHPs is observed, providing a direct information on the noncentrosymmetric polarization in such materials. Overall, the data provide strong evidence for the presence of ferroelectric domains in these systems; however, the domain dynamics is suppressed by fast ion dynamics. These materials hence present the limit of ferroelectric materials with spontaneous polarization dynamically screened by ionic and electronic carriers.
In Situ Real‐Time Study of the Dynamic Formation and Conversion Processes of Metal Halide Perovskite Films
Authors: Meng Ke , Wu Longlong , Liu Zhou , Wang Xiao , Xu Qiaofei , Hu Youdi , He Sanfeng , Li Xiaolong , Li Tao , Chen Gang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMetal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have advanced to the forefront of solution‐processed photovoltaic techniques and made stunning progress in power conversion efficiency (PCE). Further improvements in device performances rely on perfecting the structure and morphology of perovskite films. However, undesirable defects such as pinholes and grain boundaries are often created in film preparations due to lack of knowledge of the precise reaction mechanism. Here, in situ grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction (GI‐XRD) investigations are performed, facilitated by other techniques, on the formation of the widely adopted MAPbI3 (MA = methylammonium) perovskite films from their intermediate adduct (IA) phases. The influences of solvent vapor atmospheres on MAPbI3 films are also systematically investigated, where the dynamic conversion processes between different phases are visualized in real time. Further in situ GI‐XRD and infrared spectroscopy measurements reveal that the IA phases contain both N,N‐dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as coordinating molecules. By tuning the DMSO concentration in perovskite precursors, the ideal perovskite film is formed and the best PCE is achieved for the planar MAPbI3‐based PSCs. These findings highlight the role of IA phases and the effect of solvent atmospheres on the quality of perovskite films, providing direct insights into their growth mechanism.
Selective Cell Isolation by Transferrin Functionalized Silane–Carbon Soot Mediated Superhydrophobic Micropatterns
Authors: Chate Govind P. , Kale Narendra R. , Khobragade Vrushali , Rahane Chinmay , Calderón Marcelo , Banerjee Shashwat S. , Khandare Jayant J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSurfaces that facilitate selective cell adhesion using specific targeting moieties have great implications in diagnostics, tissue engineering, and high throughput screenings. However, designing robust and spatially confined micropatterns for selective cell isolation on portable platform is highly challenging. Here, wettable, silane (Si) micropatterns holding covalently attached transferrin (Tf) for targeting Tf overexpressing cancer cells are reported. These micropatterns are separated by carbon soot based superhydrophobic regions that turn these targeting sites into surface tension confined “microwells.” These microwells facilitate capture of human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT 116) and human cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) by confining their attachment to wettable region, thereby making isolation and spotting of the targeted cells more efficient. In addition, owing to its transparent trait, the Tf conjugated wettability based patterned chip offer real time optical monitoring of cell adhesion, cell growth, and cell behavior. The specific cell isolation using such surface has applications in devising cancer recurrence monitoring tests.
MoS0.5Se1.5 Embedded in 2D Porous Carbon Sheets Boost Lithium Storage Performance as an Anode Material
Authors: Li Tongfei , Wang Ao , Li Xin , Wang Jingchun , Zhang Jie , Fu Gengtao , Xu Lin , Sun Dongmei , Tang Yawen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA promising anode material is developed for Li‐ion batteries consisting of MoS0.5Se1.5 particles uniformly embedded in 2D porous carbon sheets (denoted as MoS0.5Se1.5/C sheets). The formation of MoS0.5Se1.5/C sheets depends on a facile and cost‐effective potassium chloride (KCl)‐assisted strategy. The micrometer‐level KCl crystals are selected as the solid template because they are more easily precipitated than metal precursors and carbon source during recrystallization, which drives the simultaneous formation of carbon sheets and MoS0.5Se1.5 particles on KCl surface after pyrolysis; while makes a tighter integration between MoS0.5Se1.5 and carbon sheets. As an anode for Li‐ion batteries, the MoS0.5Se1.5/C sheets show more excellent Li storage properties compared to that of S‐free MoSe2/C sheets, including excellent cyclic stability and high rate capacity. Specifically, 494.8 mA h g−1 at a current density of 100 mA g−1 still is maintained for MoS0.5Se1.5/C sheets after 200 cycles, which is much higher than that of MoSe2/C sheets (173.5 mA h g−1). The significantly enhanced performance of MoS0.5Se1.5/C sheets can be attributed to the synergistic combination of MoS0.5Se1.5 phase and porous carbon sheets, which provides an effective conductive matrix and buffer spaces for Li‐ion/electronic transfer and MoS0.5Se1.5 expansion, during the charge–discharge.
Programmable Origami Strings
Authors: Kamrava Soroush , Mousanezhad Davood , Felton Samuel M. , Vaziri Ashkan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrigami‐inspired mechanisms have demonstrated a variety of beneficial features including geometric complexity and structural resilience. However, a limited number of studies have focused on their programmability in kinetics and kinematics through rearranging the folding pattern. In this paper, an origami “string,” a slender structure with a programmable trajectory, is presented. The string is composed of a number of elements that can be individually programed to achieve a specific folding pattern and curvature. The mechanism has a single degree of freedom, allowing it to be actuated from one end while maintaining precise positioning along the entire string length. The relationship between the fold pattern and string path is simulated and experimentally validated, and its application as a robotic gripper and a biomimetic hand is demonstrated. These results demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed origami strings in accomplishing precise positioning and programed shape and function.
Solution Deposition of Conformal Gold Coatings on Knitted Fabric for E‐Textiles and Electroluminescent Clothing
Authors: Wu Yunyun , Mechael Sara S. , Chen Yiting , Carmichael Tricia Breen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe vision for wearable electronics involves creating an imperceptible boundary between humans and devices. Integrating electronic devices into clothing represents an important path to this vision; however, combining conductive materials with textiles is challenging due to the porous structure of knitted textiles. Stretchability depends on maintaining the void structure between the yarns of the fabric; filling these voids with conductive materials stiffens the textile and can lead to detrimental cracking. The authors demonstrate the solution‐based metallization of a knitted textile that conformally coats individual fibers with gold, leaving the void structure intact. The resulting gold‐coated textile is highly conductive, with a sheet resistance of 1.07 Ω per square in the course direction. The resistance decreases by 80% when the fabric is stretched to 15% strain, and remains at this value to 160% strain. This outstanding combination of stretchability and conductivity is accompanied by durability to wearing, sweating, and washing. Low‐cost screen printing of a wax resist is demonstrated to produce patterned gold textiles suitable for electrically connecting discrete devices in clothing. The fabrication of electroluminescent fabric by depositing layers of device materials onto the gold‐coated textile is furthermore demonstrated, intimately merging device functionality with textiles for imperceptible wearable devices.
Dynamical Tuning of Graphene Plasmonic Resonances by Ultraviolet Illuminations
Authors: Dai Yunyun , Xia Yuyu , Jiang Tao , Chen Ang , Zhang Yiwen , Bai Yujie , Du Guiqiang , Guan Fang , Wu Shiwei , Liu Xiaohan , Shi Lei , Zi Jian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOne of the unique features of plasmonic resonances in graphene structures is the enabled tunability through external means. Up to now, electrical gating is extensively adopted to tune graphene plasmonic resonances. This method is, however, limited unfortunately only to graphene structures with electrical connections. Here, a simple and efficient method to tune graphene plasmonic resonances by ultraviolet illuminations in a dynamical and reversible way is demonstrated. It is purely an optical means and can be applied to all kinds of graphene structures without introducing electrodes, ion–gel, or conducting layers required in electrical gating, which is of great significance especially for isolated graphene structures. The optical tuning method could shed new light on graphene‐based tunable devices.
Printed Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells with the Highest Efficiency of 9.5%
Authors: Lin Yuanbao , Jin Yingzhi , Dong Sheng , Zheng Wenhao , Yang Junyu , Liu Alei , Liu Feng , Jiang Yufeng , Russell Thomas P. , Zhang Fengling , Huang Fei , Hou Lintao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe current work reports a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.54% achieved with nonfullerene organic solar cells (OSCs) based on PTB7‐Th donor and 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]dithiophene) (ITIC) acceptor fabricated by doctor‐blade printing, which has the highest efficiency ever reported in printed nonfullerene OSCs. Furthermore, a high PCE of 7.6% is realized in flexible large‐area (2.03 cm2) indium tin oxide (ITO)‐free doctor‐bladed nonfullerene OSCs, which is higher than that (5.86%) of the spin‐coated counterpart. To understand the mechanism of the performance enhancement with doctor‐blade printing, the morphology, crystallinity, charge recombination, and transport of the active layers are investigated. These results suggest that the good performance of the doctor‐blade OSCs is attributed to a favorable nanoscale phase separation by incorporating 0.6 vol% of 1,8‐diiodooctane that prolongs the dynamic drying time of the doctor‐bladed active layer and contributes to the migration of ITIC molecules in the drying process. High PCE obtained in the flexible large‐area ITO‐free doctor‐bladed nonfullerene OSCs indicates the feasibility of doctor‐blade printing in large‐scale fullerene‐free OSC manufacturing. For the first time, the open‐circuit voltage is increased by 0.1 V when 1 vol% solvent additive is added, due to the vertical segregation of ITIC molecules during solvent evaporation.
Low‐Temperature Solution‐Processed CuCrO2 Hole‐Transporting Layer for Efficient and Photostable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Hua , Wang Huan , Zhu Hongmei , Chueh Chu‐Chen , Chen Wei , Yang Shihe , Jen Alex K.‐Y. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractOrganic–inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have become the front‐running photovoltaic technology nowadays and are expected to profoundly impact society in the near future. However, their practical applications are currently hampered by the challenges of realizing high performance and long‐term stability simultaneously. Herein, the development of inverted PVSCs is reported based on low temperature solution‐processed CuCrO2 nanocrystals as a hole‐transporting layer (HTL), to replace the extensively studied NiOx counterpart due to its suitable electronic structure and charge carrier transporting properties. A ≈45 nm thick compact CuCrO2 layer is incorporated into an inverted planar configuration of indium tin oxides (ITO)/c‐CuCrO2/perovskite/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/bathocuproine (BCP)/Ag, to result in the high steady‐state power conversion efficiency of 19.0% versus 17.1% for the typical low temperature solution‐processed NiOx‐based devices. More importantly, the optimized CuCrO2‐based device exhibits a much enhanced photostability than the reference device due to the greater UV light‐harvesting of the CuCrO2 layer, which can efficiently prevent the perovskite film from intense UV light exposure to avoid associated degradation. The results demonstrate the promising potential of CuCrO2 nanocrystals as an efficient HTL for realizing high‐performance and photostable inverted PVSCs.