bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Linkages Between Patient-centered Medical Homes and Addiction Treatment Organizations
Authors: D’Aunno Thomas , Pollack Harold , Chen Qixuan , Friedmann Peter D. 
Published: September 2016

Background:
To meet their aims of providing comprehensive and coordinated care, patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) need to coordinate services for individuals with substance use disorders. Yet, the 14,000 addiction treatment (AT) organizations across the United States that provide services for more than 1 million individuals daily are generally ill-prepared to work with PCMHs (eg, AT organizations often lack electronic health records).

Objectives:
To examine the extent to which AT organizations have formal linkages through contracts with PCMHs; to identify key dimensions of linkages between PCMHs and AT organizations (eg, shared use of electronic health records); to identify characteristics of AT organizations and their environments associated with these linkages.

Materials and Methods:
We draw on data from a 2014 nationally representative survey of directors and clinical supervisors from 695 AT organizations (n=1390 survey respondents).

Results:
Thirty-eight percent of patients across the nation are receiving treatment in AT organizations linked by contracts to PCMHs. This number increases to 51% in states that expanded Medicaid (vs. only 6.2% of patients in non-Medicaid expansion states). Yet, the great majority of linkages are relatively weak; they do not include the exchange of patient information. Results from multivariable analyses show that larger, nonprofit and publicly owned AT organizations, as well as those located in the northeast and in states that expanded Medicaid coverage, are more likely to have contracts with PCMHs.

Conclusions:
Without stronger linkages between AT organizations and PCMHs or the development of other models that integrate services, individuals with substance abuse disorders may continue to receive uncoordinated care.
A Race to the Top? Competitive Pressure and Magnet Adoption Among US Hospitals 1997–2012
Authors: Richards Michael R. , Lasater Karen , McHugh Matthew 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Care quality continues to be a focal point within US health care. One quality innovation is the Magnet recognition program for hospitals, which is a nurse-driven initiative emphasizing care and patient-safety improvements. To date, Magnet hospitals have been associated with better outcomes, but their distribution is highly uneven. Relatedly, little research has characterized what factors drive Magnet adoption (eg, competitive pressure from other hospitals).

Objective:
To examine if hospitals respond to more competing hospitals becoming Magnets by also becoming Magnet institutions.

Research Design:
We use longitudinal data from the American Hospital Association, 1997–2012, and estimate hospital-level fixed-effect regressions to capture the association between Magnet adoption among competitors and a hospital’s own likelihood of becoming a Magnet. We also explore heterogeneity in the relationships according to a hospital’s standing within its market.

Results:
Having more competitors become Magnets strongly predicts that a given hospital seeks Magnet recognition; yet, a hospital’s market position and prevailing competition levels are moderating influences.

Conclusions:
A large literature links Magnet hospitals with better outcomes for patients and nurses, and more recent evidence suggests a business case for becoming a Magnet. We find evidence that hospitals seem motivated by competitive pressure, which suggests economic considerations in the decision to invest in costly care improvements.
A review of postsurgical dysphagia in nonmalignant disease
Authors: Vansant Mathew B. , Kunduk Melda , McWhorter Andrew J. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
This article reviews current literature regarding postsurgical dysphagia in nonmalignant disease examining the current recommendations, risk factors, and potential implications.

Recent findings
Surgical interventions including anterior cervical spine surgery, thyroidectomy, laryngeal and pulmonary, cardiac, esophageal and fundoplication, gastric and bariatric, and posterior fossa surgeries are known to result in swallowing dysfunction. Postsurgical dysphagia may increase the length of hospitalization, overall cost, risk of pneumonia, and time to oral intake. There are limited prospective research studies examining postsurgical dysphagia and poorly understood causes. The results are unclear regarding severity, symptom type, duration, and treatment outcomes of postsurgical dysphagia.

Summary
The life-changing and life-threatening nature of dysphagia make this an important factor to consider and discuss with patients and families. Both acute and late-onset dysphagia may become chronic if left untreated. Presurgery and postsurgery swallow studies should be considered for cervical spine, thyroid, lung, gastric, cardiac, and surgeries involving the cranial nerves. Future research should examine postsurgical dysphagia in a prospective manner using established and reliable methods of measurement to parse out causal factors and more accurate prevalence rates for each surgical intervention and population.
Pharyngoesophageal diverticuli: diagnosis, incidence and management
Authors: Little Ryan E. , Bock Jonathan M. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
Pharyngoesophageal diverticuli such as Zenker's diverticulum are relatively rare diseases that may have a significant impact on a patient's quality of life. Open surgical techniques have historically been the mainstay of treatment for Zenker's diverticuli and remain the preferred approach for many surgeons operating on Killian–Jamieson diverticuli (KJD) and pharyngoceles. However, advances in technology in recent decades have allowed for the development of successful endoscopic surgical techniques for the management of these conditions.

Recent findings
Endoscopic management of Zenker's diverticulum with carbon dioxide laser-assisted diverticulotomy or endoscopic stapler-assisted diverticulostomy has gained wide acceptance in recent years. This is based on studies showing high rates of successful outcomes, low rates of complications and shorter operative time with an associated impact on overall cost and patient recovery. Endoscopic management of KJD and pharyngoceles has recently been described, but remains controversial with many surgeons preferring open surgical approaches for the ability to identify and protect the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

Summary
Open and endoscopic techniques are accepted for the treatment of Zenker's diverticulum with open approaches remaining the traditional technique for management of non-Zenker's diverticulum. Further investigation of endoscopic approaches for management of KJD is necessary to assess safety and efficacy.
The differential diagnosis of Rickettsia prowazeki infection
Authors: Vanya Melinda , Hajdu Edit , Szucs Zoltan , Szili Karoly 
Published: September 2016

Introduction:
We describe a rare case of Rickettsia prowazeki infection in male prisoners.

Objective:
Our aim was to demonstrate a case of R. prowazeki infection in male prisoners presenting fever, dermatitis, and significant weight loss.

Case:
We report the cases of male prisoners, aged 46, who developed progressive dermatitis, fever, and weight loss. Due to dermatitis and 38.4°C fever, we transferred the prisoners to the Department of Dermatology and Allergology, University of Szeged. The examination of the antigen test was negative for Plasmodium vivax, and biopsy was performed to exclude the vasculitis. For the potentially autoimmune cause of disease choloquine, antihistamine, methyl-prednisolone treatment was ordered. The dermaticological symptoms had progressed; therefore, we sent the patients to the Department of Infectology of Szeged and St Laszlo Hospital for further diagnosis.
The serological tests were positive for R. prowazeki. Following 10-day course of doxycycline treatment, the patients displayed a significant clinical improvement.

Conclusion:
According to our knowledge, this is the first study to report the case of R. prowazeki in Central Europe.
Facilitators of and Barriers to Gastric Cancer Screening Among Korean Americans
Authors: Sin Mo-Kyung , Kim Il-Ho 
Published: September 2016

Background:
Gastric cancer is the most highly prevalent cancer among Korean Americans, occurring at a higher rate than among other Asian Americans and non-Latino Whites. However, little is known about the culturally specific barriers to gastric cancer screening among Korean Americans.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to explore facilitators of and barriers to gastric cancer screening among Korean Americans.

Methods:
In this qualitative focus group study, a convenience sample of 50 Korean Americans aged 21 to 75 years was recruited from the Puget Sound area of Washington with the assistance of Korean churches. Five focus groups of 6 to 8 and 1 focus group of 13 were conducted in a church, a café, and an apartment community center. The focus group discussions lasted approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour. Directed content analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results:
Facilitators included exposure to Korean media, history and prevalence of gastric problems, perceptions concerning positive aspects of the healthcare system in South Korea, physician recommendations, technology, and church health fair. Barriers included a lack of knowledge, finance/lack of health insurance, fear of test results, perceptions of an inconvenient American healthcare system, a lack of knowledge of American healthcare providers on culturally related health risks, a dislike of medical procedures, and no preventive measures.

Conclusions:
Sociocultural facilitators and barriers add new knowledge in a field with scarce information available.

Implications for Practice:
The study findings lay the groundwork for developing culturally relevant interventions that enhance healthcare providers’ awareness while empowering Korean Americans to prevent gastric cancer.
Sensitivity and Specificity of Fractal Analysis to Distinguish Between Healthy and Pathologic Rectal Mucosa Microvasculature Seen During Colonoscopy
Authors: Gryglewski Andrzej , Henry Brandon M. , Mrozek Marian , Żelawski Marcin , Piech Krzysztof , Tomaszewski Krzysztof A. 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
Conventional endoscopy is limited by human capability to recognize and to differentiate pathology. Fractal analysis of blood vessels has been used in other organs, such as the retina, but never before to supplement colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to assess whether it is possible to differentiate between healthy and pathologic rectal mucosa using fractal analysis of the mucosal microvascular architecture seen during colonoscopic examination (Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/SLE/A145).

Methods:
A total of 300 consecutive patients, 133 females and 167 males with a mean age of 49.1 (±11.3) years, undergoing endoscopy were included in the prospective cohort study. Colonoscopy of the sigmorectal region was performed, and then analyzed with computer-assisted image fractal analysis.

Results:
Fractal analysis of mucosal vasculature allowed for differentiation between healthy and pathologic rectal mucosa, as well as different pathologies (P<0.0001). The sensitivity of fractal analysis to diagnose rectal neoplasia was 92.8% to 96.4%, while the specificity was 91.9% to 98.5% depending on the fractal parameter. The sensitivity of fractal analysis to diagnose rectal colitis was 84.2% to 92.1%, while the specificity was 95.0% to 96.0%, depending on the fractal parameter.

Conclusions:
Computer-assisted fractal analysis allows for differentiation between healthy and pathologic rectal mucosa, as well as between different mucosal pathologies, seen during colonoscopy. Fractal analysis improves the sensitivity and specificity of colonoscopy to aid in the diagnosis of neoplasia or colitis, and should be included in the screening and surveillance of these pathologies.
Caregivers burden in palliative care patients: a problem to tackle
Authors: Veloso Verónica Inés , Tripodoro Vilma Adriana 
Published: September 2016

Purpose of review
To revise the family caregiver's burden concept and to understand the implications for the patient, family and healthcare system. We analyzed recent literature in three main areas: the role of family caregiver at the end of life, the family caregiver's burden and the involvement of social care networks.

Recent findings
The family caregiver often accepts the caring as a natural action, presumably imposed by the society. A recent review described seven main roles of care which, according to family system and society, consist of different tasks and activities. To assume this role is not stress free. It is likely to develop a ‘burden’ by the assumed task.

Summary
Family members who are close to the patient may play the role of caregiver, well-being enhancer, diversity of tasks fulfiller, minimizer and managing suffering, palliative care facilitator and responsible for the continuity of care, apprentice and participant of health teams. The family caregiver often gives priority to the problems of his dependent family member, becoming almost ‘invisible’ to the health system. It should also be consider the relevance of this issue into future bereavement process. Considering all these aspects, the family caregiver is often considered by the healthcare teams as ‘overall tasks’ performers’.
Efficacy of FemiScan Pelvic Floor Therapy for the Treatment of Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Segal Shimon , Morse Abraham , Sangal Purnima , Hirsch Nathan , Kohli Neeraj 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
Pelvic floor muscle training can be effective in alleviating urinary incontinence; however, women need instruction, motivation, and feedback to gain optimal benefit from pelvic rehabilitation. The Food and Drug Administration–approved FemiScan Pelvic Floor Therapy System uses office electromyography and an in-home programmable device to provide training, motivation, and feedback between office visits. This study was undertaken to document the outcomes of women who completed an MD-supervised program using the FemiScan Pelvic Floor Therapy System.

Methods
In this chart review, women with urinary incontinence, who completed the 8-visit protocol, were included in the analysis. We collected patient demographics, electromyographic measurements, and responses to subjective questions about the status of their urinary incontinence symptoms.

Results
Two hundred fifteen (60%) of 361 patients who started treatment with FemiScan completed the 8-visit protocol. No adverse events were reported. The mean age was 54.4 ± 12.7 years. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean maximal response comparing the first and final electromyographic measurements obtained during the first and last electromyography office visits. The left side (15.9 ± 10.2 μV vs 28.0± 15.2 μV, P < 001) and the right side (16.6 μV vs 28.2 μV, P < 0.001) were analyzed separately in peak electromyographic measurements between the first and final visits. Seventy-five percent considered their symptoms at least 80% improved with 45% reporting complete subjective cure. Urinary Distress Inventory 6 results confirmed the subjective report with a statistical significant improvement comparing the first and last visit (9.47 ± 3.66 vs 2.71 ± 3.58, P < 001).

Conclusions
FemiScan appears to be a safe and effective treatment for urinary incontinence with concomitant increased pelvic floor electromyographic activity.
Risk Factors for Microscopic Hematuria in Women
Authors: Richter Lee A. , Lippmann Quinn K. , Jallad Karl , Lucas Joelle , Yeung Jennifer , Dune Tanaka , Mellano Erin , Weissbart Steven , Mete Mihriye , Kim Ja-Hong , Gutman Robert 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
The objective of this study was to determine the risk factors that may contribute to the diagnosis of microscopic hematuria (MH) in women.

Methods
This multicenter case-control study reviewed cases of women presenting to Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery sites with MH from 2010 to 2014. Microscopic hematuria was defined as 3 or more red blood cells per high power field in the absence of infection as indicated in the American Urologic Association guidelines. Controls were matched to cases in a 1:1 ratio and chart review of 10 risk factors was performed (urethral caruncle, pelvic organ prolapse, vaginal atrophy, personal or family history of nephrolithiasis, prior prolapse or incontinence surgery, past or current smoking, chemical exposure, family history of urologic malignancy, prior pelvic radiation, and prior alkylating chemotherapy). Odds ratios were performed to assess risk factors.

Results
There were 493 cases and 501 controls from 8 Female Pelvic Medicine & Reconstructive Surgery sites. Current smoking, a history of pelvic radiation, and a history of nephrolithiasis were all significant risk factors for MH (P < 0.05). Vaginal atrophy, menopausal status, and use of estrogen were not found to be risk factors for MH (P = 0.42, 0.83, and 0.80, respectively). When stratifying the quantity of MH, women with increased red blood cells per high power field were more likely to have significant findings on their imaging results.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that the risk factors for MH in women are current smoking, a history of pelvic radiation, and a history of nephrolithiasis.
Outcomes of Sacral Neuromodulation in Patients with Prior Surgical Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence and Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Bartley Jamie M. , Ramirez Verity , Killinger Kim A. , Boura Judith A. , Gupta Priyanka , Gaines Natalie , Gilleran Jason P. , Peters Kenneth M. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of sacral neuromodulation in patients with prior stress urinary incontinence (SUI) or pelvic organ prolapse (POP) surgery.

Methods
Women in our prospective neuromodulation database were evaluated. Patients with a history of prior SUI/POP surgery were compared to those without. Medical records at baseline were reviewed, and primary outcome was defined as moderate/marked improvement on Global Response Assessment (GRA) at 3 months. Secondary outcomes were measured using bladder diaries and Overactive Bladder Symptom Severity (OABq-SS)/health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Data were analyzed with Pearson χ2 test, Fisher exact test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and repeated-measures analyses.

Results
Of 210 subjects, 108 (51%) had prior SUI/POP surgery. Patients with SUI/POP surgery had more prior hysterectomies. At 3 months, there was no difference between groups on GRA outcomes. On the bladder diary, both groups had improvement in median voids per 24 hours, urgency severity, and urge incontinence over 2 years. On the GRA, fewer patients in the SUI/POP group were treatment responders at 12 and 24 months. For urinary urgency, a few in this group were moderately/markedly improved at 6 months, and a higher proportion are reported still leaking urine at 6 and 12 months. Similar proportions in each group reported moderate/marked improvement in leaking. Satisfaction was similar between groups. The OABq-SS/HRQOL scores improved, and there was no difference between the groups.

Conclusion
Sacral neuromodulation improves bladder symptoms in women with prior SUI/POP surgery, but response may be slightly less in those with prior surgery due to underlying bladder or pelvic floor issues.
Re-Treatment With Ethambutol After Toxic Optic Neuropathy
Authors: Bouffard Marc A. , Nathavitharana Ruvandhi R. , Yassa David S. , Torun Nurhan 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
There are no data in the literature regarding the safety of re-treatment with ethambutol for recurrent mycobacterial infection after prior ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy. We describe a patient who developed optic neuropathy attributed to ethambutol, recovered fully after drug withdrawal, and tolerated a 14-month long re-treatment 10 years later without developing recurrent optic neuropathy.
StereoGene: Rapid Estimation of Genomewide Correlation of Continuous or Interval Feature Data
Authors: Stavrovskaya Elena D. , Niranjan Tejasvi , Fertig Elana J. , Wheelan Sarah J. , Favorov Alexander , Mironov Andrey 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMotivationGenomics features with similar genomewide distributions are generally hypothesized to be functionally related, for example, co-localization of histones and transcription start sites indicate chromatin regulation of transcription factor activity. Therefore, statistical algorithms to perform spatial, genomewide correlation among genomic features are required.ResultsHere, we propose a method, StereoGene, that rapidly estimates genomewide correlation among pairs of genomic features. These features may represent high throughput data mapped to reference genome or sets of genomic annotations in that reference genome. StereoGene enables correlation of continuous data directly, avoiding the data binarization and subsequent data loss. Correlations are computed among neighboring genomic positions using kernel correlation. Representing the correlation as a function of the genome position, StereoGene outputs the local correlation track as part of the analysis. StereoGene also accounts for confounders such as input DNA by partial correlation. We apply our method to numerous comparisons of ChIP-Seq datasets from the Human Epigenome Atlas and FANTOM CAGE to demonstrate its wide applicability. We observe the changes in the correlation between epigenomic features across developmental trajectories of several tissue types consistent with known biology, and find a novel spatial correlation of CAGE clusters with donor splice sites and with poly(A) sites. These analyses provide examples for the broad applicability of StereoGene for regulatory genomics.AvailabilityTheStereoGeneC++ source code, program documentation, Galaxy integration scripts and examples are available from the project homepagehttp://stereogene.bioinf.fbb.msu.ru/Contactfavorov@sensi.orgSupplementary informationSupplementary data are available online.
Functional consequences of pre- and postsynaptic expression of synaptic plasticity
Authors: Costa Rui Ponte , Mizusaki Beatriz E.P. , Jesper Sjöström P. , van Rossum Mark C. W. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGrowing experimental evidence shows that both homeostatic and Hebbian synaptic plasticity can be expressed presynaptically as well as postsynaptically. In this review, we start by discussing this evidence and methods used to determine expression loci. Next, we discuss functional consequences of this diversity in pre- and postsynaptic expression of both homeostatic and Hebbian synaptic plasticity. In particular, we explore the functional consequences of a biologically tuned model of pre- and postsynaptically expressed spike-timing-dependent plasticity complemented with postsynaptic homeostatic control. The pre- and postsynaptic expression in this model predicts 1) more reliable receptive fields and sensory perception, 2) rapid recovery of forgotten information (memory savings) and 3) reduced response latencies, compared to a model with postsynaptic expression only. Finally we discuss open questions that will require a considerable research effort to better elucidate how the specific locus of expression of homeostatic and Hebbian plasticity alters synaptic and network computations.