bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FATMOLS lodges of Zambia: reaching international travelers
Authors: Reed Marlene M. , Sikobela Steven 
Published: March 2017

Study level/applicability
Undergraduate.

Case overview
This case deals with a Zambian entrepreneur named Frank Ngambi who had developed several lodges in Ndola and Lusaka, Zambia. His original intention had been to build lodges that would provide inexpensive lodging for domestic travelers. That strategy had succeeded, and the lodges had been so successful that Frank had been able to increase the size of his lodges in both cities. However, by the summer of 2015, Frank had decided to seek the patronage of international travelers. He knew that this change in strategy would be difficult to achieve. After analyzing one of his competitors, the Intercontinental Hotel in Lusaka, he realized that he needed to increase his product offerings and also offer outstanding customer service. One problem in attaining that goal was the fact that there was very little training for human resources involved in the hospitality industry in Ndola where two of his lodges were located. Another problem he faced was figuring out how to market his lodges to international travelers, as he had never sought that segment of the market before.

Expected learning outcomes
At the conclusion of the case discussion, the student should be able to apply Michael Porter’s General Business-Level Strategy to the present and anticipated strategies for the FATMOLS Lodges; to identify tactics that would apply to a low cost leadership strategy; to identify tactics that would apply to a differentiation strategy; to discuss reasons tourism has increased in Zambia in the twenty-first century; to analyze the financial strategy used in developing the FATMOLS Lodges; and to develop a plan for moving a company from a low-cost leadership strategy to one of differentiation.

Supplementary materials
Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 11: Strategy.
Calculating social return on investment: Bookbridge learning center
Authors: Stadtmann Georg , Markova Marina 
Published: March 2017

Subject area
Social entrepreneurship.

Study level/applicability
Students in the middle or at the end of their undergraduate studies (BA level) in management and economics, graduate students (MA level).

Case overview
This case study deals with activities of the company, which has a direct social significance and social impact. Based on analysis of benefits and limitations of the stakeholders of the company, principles and tools of social return on investment (SROI) analysis, students should try to understand, how the company can ensure a stable market position and optimize its value proposition on the criterion of target stakeholders’ satisfaction in the implementation of social projects.

Expected learning outcomes
In this case study, students should learn to differ socially responsible companies and social entrepreneurs; be able to value and compare the costs and benefits of different kinds of companies’ activities for the stakeholders; be able to perform SROI analysis; strengthen their communication skills by summarizing the main arguments of articles from economic and business press, as well as from corporate sustainability reporting.

Supplementary materials
Bookbridge (2014): Impact Report 2013 – 2014, http://bookbridge.org/en/impact-downloads/SROINetwork(2012): A guide to Social Return on Investment, http://socialvalueuk.org/what-is-sroi/the-sroi-guide. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

Subject code
CSS 3: Entrepreneurship.
The potential of al-Wasatiyyah value concept for human sustainability (HS) in civil service
Authors: Syed Ismail Sharifah Hayaati , Abd Ghani Azmi Ilhaamie , Syed Kadir al-Haddad Sharifah latifah , Basir Siti Arni , Nayan Idris 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss the potential of al-Wasatiyyah (hereafter, AW) value concept for human sustainability (hereafter, HS) values and its applicability to civil service practice (CSP) in Malaysia. AW is a derivative of an Arabic word that means excellent, moderate, just and professional.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explains the potential of AW concept for HS both in epistemological and ontological perspectives with a focus on CSP. It focuses on the AW value concept according to Ibn Miskawaih and its applicability in CSP in Malaysia. Using content analysis and “integration perspective” between AW and contemporary Malaysia CSP practice, several questions were unlocked in this paper. They include the following: what are AW values for HS? What is the standard of value for sustainable CSP in Malaysia? And how HS from AW perspective can generate quality CSP in Malaysia?

Findings
It is found that AW can extend and enrich the meaning of value for HS and subsequently the civil service quality in Malaysia. Findings showed that AW can offer a holistic approach through four AW core values. The study also showed that AW is embedded indirectly in Malaysia CSP before it was highlighted under Najib Razak administration. This study suggests continuous emphasis on AW values in three service areas, namely, service requirements (SR), service priorities (SP) and service quality (SQ).

Research limitations/implications
The limitation is to bring the value concept into the HS parameters. HS is indexed by quantitative indicators including economy, health and education achievements, rather than value concept. This study tries to expand the potential and importance of value as an indicator for HS. That is through a concept named as AW.

Practical implications
AW values and approaches are perceived to be a potential focus system for HS and resource building in Malaysian civil service.

Social implications
Extending the meaning of HS through the application of AW concept is perceived to enrich social values and development.

Originality/value
This paper argues that current discussion on HS is not fit for all purposes because it lacks human great values. This paper subsequently argues AW concept as potential HS values, especially for CSP, in Malaysia.
Malaysian Islamic quality management system MS1900
Authors: Basir Siti Arni , Abdul Ghani Azmi Ilhaamie , Syed Ismail Sharifah Hayaati , Ibrahim Patmawati , Mohamed Hasan Albanna 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This study aims to explore the steps carried out in the implementation of Islamic Quality Management System (QMS) MS 1900 in Malacca zakat institution.

Design/methodology/approach
A case study strategy was used to explore the process of MS 1900 implementation at Malacca Zakat Center (MZC). Semi-structured interview with Top Management Officers, Managers, Shar’iah Officer, Quality Systems Officers and Auditors was used as main data collection method, and it was triangulated with data collected from documents and observations. The data were analysed by employing thematic analysis method.

Findings
The study found that there are 12 steps involved in MS 1900 implementation at MZC, namely, identifying gaps, understanding MS 1900, outlined quality policies and objectives, team work establishment, management representative establishment, management commitment, documentations, determining the quality scope system, implementing the MS 1900, internal audit, evaluating QMS performance and surveillance audit. All steps were carried out effectively with the cooperation of management and employees at MZC.

Research limitations/implications
The findings from this study can be employed by managers who intend to implement MS 1900 effectively in their organizations.

Originality/value
This study adds to the knowledge of the emergence of the first ever Islamic QMS MS 1900. It also contributes meticulous insights into the MS 1900 implementation particularly in the zakat centre.
Periodicity analysis and a model structure for consumer behavior on hotel online search interest in the US
Authors: Liu Juan , Li Xue , Guo Ya 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to analyze and model consumer behavior on hotel online search interest in the USA.

Design/methodology/approach
Discrete Fourier transform was used to analyze the periodicity of hotel search behavior in the USA by using Google Trends data. Based on the obtained frequency components, a model structure was proposed to describe the search interest. A separable nonlinear least squares algorithm was developed to fit the data.

Findings
It was found that the major dynamics of the search interest was composed of nine frequency components. The developed separable nonlinear least squares algorithm significantly reduced the number of model parameters that needed to be estimated. The fitting results indicated that the model structure could fit the data well (average error 0.575 per cent).

Practical implications
Knowledge of consumer behavior on online search is critical to marketing decision because search engine has become an important tool for customers to find hotels. This work is thus very useful to marketing strategy.

Originality/value
This research is the first work on analyzing and modeling consumer behavior on hotel online search interest.
Person–environment fit and its effects on employees’ emotions and self-rated/supervisor-rated performances
Authors: Lee Yong-Ki , Kim Soon-Ho , Kim Min-Seong , Kim Ho-Seok 
Published: March 2017

PurposeSeeking to build a deeper understanding of a higher level of hospitality in terms of employee task performance, this study aimed to explore different person–environment (P–E) fit types and the corresponding effects on hotel employees’ emotions and task performance, evaluated by both the employees themselves and their supervisors.Design/methodology/approachFrequency analysis, reliability analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeling method.FindingsThe results indicated that person–organization fit was associated with emotions toward the organization, the team and the job. However, this study did not provide empirical support for hypotheses that person-team fit affected emotions. Person–job fit was also associated with positive emotions toward the organization and the job, unlike with the team. Organization emotion had positive effects on both task performances, whereas no effect was reported between team emotion and task performances.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that hotels’ human resource administrators may want to focus on developing and strengthening P–E fit and emotional responses.Originality/valueThis research illustrates the impact of three types of P–E fit on self-rated and supervisor-rated performance and examines the significant mediating role of three types of emotion.
Clustering benefits for upscale urban hotels
Authors: Urtasun Ainhoa , Gutiérrez Isabel 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe aim of this paper is twofold. First, clustering patterns of urban hotels are explored, and, second, clustering effects on performance for upscale urban hotels are estimated.Design/methodology/approachLocal indicators of spatial association (LISA) were computed using geographic information system (GIS) techniques. Clustering for the entire population of hotels in Madrid was explored visualizing LISA statistics. Then, a system generalized method of moments regression was applied to test a set of hypotheses about the performance effects of LISA statistics for a sample of upscale urban hotels.FindingsTwo significantly distinct types of clusters are identified: dense “cold spots” or clusters containing many low-priced hotels and quiet “hot spots” or clusters only containing a few high-priced hotels. And, estimates confirmed two important results: evidence of adverse selection when clustering and evidence of positive location economies for upscale hotels.Practical implicationsThis study has a number of relevant implications for making better hotel location decisions. Specifically, the paper shows the applicability of GIS to find statistically significant clustering in the data. In the hotel sector, knowing exactly where hotel clustering occurs and of what type is of vital importance.Originality/valueThis paper’s novel application of LISA based on GIS techniques for hotel clustering sheds light on the effects of clustering on performance to convey the subtle nuances of the relationship for upscale urban hotels.
Customer relationship management (people, process and technology) and organisational culture in hotels
Authors: Rahimi Roya 
Published: March 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of four organisational cultural traits of adaptability, consistency, involvement and mission on the three components of customer relationship management (CRM), namely, people, process and technology, in the context of the hotel industry.Design/methodology/approachRequired data are collected with a quantitative approach and a questionnaire adapted from the Denison organisational culture survey and the Mendoza CRM model. The questionnaire was distributed among 364 managers of a chain hotel in the UK and gathered data were examined using the structural equation modelling method.FindingsThe results of this study reveal that the four traits of organisational culture (adaptability, consistency, involvement and mission) have positive and significant impacts on the three components of CRM (people, process and technology). A set of theoretical contributions and practical implications was also discussed.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is conducted with a case study approach; hence, the findings cannot be generalised to a larger population, and the results might be different for other industries. Because of the limitation of access to all employees, only managers were selected as the sample, and future studies with all employees may show different results.Practical implicationsCurrent study helps hotel managers to understand the role and importance of organisational cultural traits in successful implementation of their CRM strategy components.Originality/valueThe position taken in this study recognises the need to enhance the understanding of organisational culture’s impact on implementing CRM components. Organisational cultural traits have different levels of impact on CRM implementation, and this is the first study to investigate the detailed impacts of the four traits of adaptability, consistency, involvement and mission on the three components of CRM, namely, people, process and technology.
Efficiency of winemaking in developing countries
Authors: Goncharuk Anatoliy G. , Figurek Aleksandra 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to the evaluation and comparison of the efficiency of winemaking in two developing countries (Ukraine and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H)) from the perspective of their development.

Design/methodology/approach
In this research study, four models of data envelopment analysis (DEA), correlation and other tools of the data analysis are used to analyze the efficiency of wineries in two developing countries. Returns to scale, scale efficiency, super-efficiency and some other indicators are examined. The research is based on the sample, including 33 wineries of Ukraine and B&H.

Findings
Characterized by the same average efficiency and number of leaders, in Ukraine, medium and large wineries are developing more efficiently than small ones, whereas the opposite is true for B&H. The authors found the high potential growth of efficiency on Ukrainian (up to 28.9 per cent) and Bosnian wineries (up to 28.3 per cent). The ways for its realization were suggested. Cross-country efficiency analysis enabled us to find inter-country leaders of wine industry. The authors grouped inefficient wineries, calculated the potential for inputs reduction and found the main directions for the improvement of efficiency for each group.

Research limitations/implications
The research is limited to a single industry in only two developing countries. Future studies can be devoted to the comparison of the efficiency of wineries in developed and developing countries. The results can determine which countries can be leaders in the global wine market in the future.

Practical implications
This study provides useful information for: researchers of wine market in developing countries enabling them to understand the current state, basic problems and efficiency levels of wineries in Ukraine and B&H; domestic policy-makers- to improve regulation of wine industry as to make it more competitive and efficient; wine producers in these countries- to find the benchmarks using the best practices to adapt them in own business and to increase an efficiency.

Originality/value
On the example of Ukraine and B&H, this study has shown that each respective country has its own conditions of doing wine business. This is the first paper that compares the efficiency of wine industry in Ukraine and B&H.
Why users purchase virtual products in MMORPG? An integrative perspective of social presence and user engagement
Authors: Jin Wei , Sun Yongqiang , Wang Nan , Zhang Xi 
Published: March 2017

PurposePrior studies on virtual product purchase have focused on external technological factor but have paid less attention to internal user factors. Thus, drawing upon the social presence and user engagement theories, the purpose of this paper is to develop a research model considering both technological factors and user factors and empirically examine the validity of the proposed research model.Design/methodology/approachA survey from 214 World of Warcraft players was conducted to test the proposed research model, and structural equation modelling approach (specifically, PLS) was used to test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe data analysis results suggest that both social presence and user engagement positively influence the intention to purchase virtual products. Furthermore, two technological factors, interactivity and sociability, are found to affect social presence, and two social factors, social ties and social identity, are found to affect user engagement.Originality/valueThis study proposes a dual factor framework (i.e. technological and user factors) to investigate the factors influencing the intention to purchase by integrating the social presence perspective and user engagement perspective. The findings would be beneficial for service provider of massively multiplayer online role-playing games to recognize that triggering user demand is of equal importance with offering better technologies and suggest new ways to promote users’ virtual product purchase intentions.
An approach to initiating eWOM intentions
Authors: Lo Louis Yi-Shih , Lin Sheng-Wei 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects that reference prices and associated information sources (websites that consumers use to explore and their friends who have similar perspectives on value) have on deal evaluation and intention to disseminate electronic word of mouth (eWOM).

Design/methodology/approach
A stratified survey is conducted to empirically test the relations between reference prices, associated information sources (the top five Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) websites and top five Facebook friends with similar perspectives and values on consumption), deal evaluation, and eWOM intention. The study uses a Facebook API to help participants pick five Facebook friends to act as their favorite sources for advice on shopping.

Findings
The results suggest that consumers’ deal evaluations (as shaped by the recency effects of previous exposure to prices and the influence of Facebook friends and C2C websites) have carry-over effects on their eWOM intentions. The influence of Facebook friends and C2C websites on deal evaluation is as powerful as that of reference price, especially concerning the mean and the lowest prices.

Practical implications
The findings encourage marketers to invest their resources in targeting online groups, and suggest that C2C website marketers should set their offer prices between the mean and the lowest prices.

Originality/value
This study extends prior research on the motives for eWOM dissemination and elaborates an approach to initiate eWOM intention through deal evaluation.
Instructional leadership structure in Singapore: a co-existence of hierarchy and heterarchy
Authors: Nguyen Dong Thanh , Ng David , Yap Pui San 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the instructional leadership practices and structure in Singapore primary schools.

Design/methodology/approach
The study employs a qualitative approach. Data were collected from interviews of 30 Singapore primary school principals and 25 working-day observations of five principals. A grounded theory method was utilized to analyze the qualitative data.

Findings
The instructional leadership roles of principals can be categorized into four key themes: vision development and implementation, physical and organizational structure, professional development, and leading and managing instruction. Importantly, the study illuminates a hybrid structure of instructional leadership in which both hierarchical and heterarchical elements exist.

Originality/value
The current study expands the global knowledge base on instructional leadership by providing indigenous knowledge of how instructional leadership is enacted in Singapore schools. Simultaneously, this study suggests an agenda for future research on instructional leadership.