bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Shore and bar cross‐shore migration, rotation, and breathing processes at an embayed beach
Authors: Blossier B. , Bryan K. R. , Daly C. J. , Winter C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA principal component analysis (PCA) is used to decompose data on the coupled morphodynamics of the shoreline and nearshore sandbar of a typical single‐barred embayed beach (Tairua Beach, New Zealand). Dynamic patterns are classified into simultaneous modes, where the bar and shoreline move at the same time, and nonsimultaneous modes, where the shore moves independently from the bar, and vice versa. Two simultaneous modes accounting for 65% of the variance of the shoreline and barline dominate the system. One mode describes inverse shoreline and sandbar cross‐shore migrations (alongshore averaged), occurring with simultaneous rotations in the same direction. The other mode accounts for migration in the same direction accompanied by variations of the barline curvature (similar to “breathing modes” previously described in embayed beach shoreline modeling studies). Two nonsimultaneous modes of lesser importance account separately for independent shoreline and barline rotations (10 to 15% of the variance explained). A PCA applied to the shore and sandbar behaviors modeled by four standard equilibrium models simulating shore and sandbar cross‐shore migrations and rotations show that these are interrelated because of a correlation between wave energy and direction. Shore and bar rotations are coupled partially because the shape of the bay induces a correlation of their respective drivers, the wave angle of incidence and the alongshore gradient of wave energy. However, this correlation depends on the wave energy. This, in combination with different shore and sandbar response times (quantified using the models), also explains the independent rotations reflected by the nonsimultaneous modes.
Formation of ice eddies in subglacial mountain valleys
Authors: Meyer Colin R. , Creyts Timothy T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRadar data from both Greenland and Antarctica show folds and other disruptions to the stratigraphy of the deep ice. The mechanisms by which stratigraphy deforms are related to the interplay between ice flow and topography. Here we show that when ice flows across valleys or overdeepenings, viscous overturnings called Moffatt eddies can develop. At the base of a subglacial valley, the shear on the valley sidewalls is transferred through the ice, forcing the ice to overturn. To understand the formation of these eddies, we numerically solve the non‐Newtonian Stokes equations with a Glen's law rheology to determine the critical valley angle for the eddies to form. When temperature is incorporated into the ice rheology, the warmer basal ice is less viscous and eddies form in larger valley angles (shallower slopes) than in isothermal ice. We also show that when ice flow is not perpendicular to the valley orientation, complex 3‐D eddies transport ice down the valley. We apply our simulations to the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains and solve for the ice flow over radar‐determined topography. These simulations show Moffatt eddies on the order of 100 m tall in the deep subglacial valleys.
Effects of Feedback on Self‐Evaluations and Self‐Regulation in Elementary School
Authors: van Loon Mariëtte H. , Roebers Claudia M. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryElementary school learners are typically highly confident when judging accuracy of their test responses, relatively independent of whether these are correct. While feedback has been shown to improve accuracy of adults' and adolescents' self‐evaluations and subsequent self‐regulation, little is known about beneficial effects for elementary school children. We investigated effects of fine‐grained feedback on fourth and sixth graders' self‐evaluations and restudy selections by presenting them the ideas they were meant to bring up in their test responses. One group received full‐definition feedback standards, whereas the other group received idea‐unit feedback standards. The two types of feedback strongly improved fourth and sixth graders' self‐evaluations for commission errors and for partially correct responses. While restudy selections before feedback were more adaptive for sixth than fourth graders, age differences disappeared after receiving feedback. Findings imply that feedback standards are a suitable tool to calibrate elementary school learners and to support effective self‐regulation.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
6‐Mercaptopurine‐Induced Fluorescence Quenching of Monolayer MoS2 Nanodots: Applications to Glutathione Sensing, Cellular Imaging, and Glutathione‐Stimulated Drug Delivery
Authors: Chen Shih‐Chiang , Lin Chang‐Yu , Cheng Tian‐Lu , Tseng Wei‐Lung 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMolybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanodots (NDs) with sulfur vacancies have been demonstrated to be suitable to conjugate thiolated molecules. However, thiol‐induced fluorescence quenching of MoS2 NDs has been rarely explored. In this study, 6‐mercaptopurine (6‐MP) serves as an efficient quencher for the fluorescence of monolayer MoS2 (M‐MoS2) NDs. 6‐MP molecules are chemically adsorbed at the sulfur vacancy sites of the M‐MoS2 NDs. The formed complexes trigger the efficient fluorescence quenching of the M‐MoS2 NDs due to acceptor‐excited photoinduced electron transfer. The presence of glutathione (GSH) efficiently triggers the release of 6‐MP from the M‐MoS2 NDs, thereby switching on the fluorescence of the M‐MoS2 NDs. Thus, the 6‐MP‐M‐MoS2 NDs are implemented as a platform for the sensitive and selective detection of GSH in erythrocytes and live cells. Additionally, thiolated doxorubicin (DOX‐SH)‐loaded M‐MoS2 NDs (DOX‐SH/M‐MoS2 NDs) serve as GSH‐responsive nanocarriers for DOX‐SH delivery. In vitro studies reveal that the DOX‐SH/M‐MoS2 NDs exhibit efficient uptake by HeLa cells and greater cytotoxicity than free DOX‐SH and DOX. In vivo study shows that GSH is capable of triggering the release of DOX‐SH from M‐MoS2 ND‐based nanomaterials in mice. It is revealed that the DOX‐SH/M‐MoS2 NDs can be implemented for simultaneous drug delivery and fluorescence imaging.
A computer model for starve‐fed single‐screw extrusion of polymer blends
Authors: Wilczyński Krzysztof J. , Nastaj Andrzej , Wilczyński Krzysztof 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA new computer model has been developed to simulate a starve‐fed single‐screw extrusion process of polymer blends. This is a composite model, which is based on combining melt conveying models with new fusion models for polymer blends. The model is able to predict pressure and temperature profiles, filling of the screw and rate of polyblend fusion. Computer calculations were executed for extrusion of high‐density polyethylene and polystyrene blend at various technological conditions, and fill factor, pressure, temperature, and fusion profiles were calculated. The results of simulation studies were verified by experiment.
The Wyss institute: A new model for medical technology innovation and translation across the academic‐industrial interface
Authors: Tolikas Mary , Antoniou Ayis , Ingber Donald E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University was formed based on the recognition that breakthrough discoveries cannot change the world if they never leave the laboratory. The Institute's mission is to discover the biological principles that Nature uses to build living things, and to harness these insights to create biologically inspired engineering innovations to advance human health and create a more sustainable world. Since its launch in 2009, the Institute has developed a new model for innovation, collaboration, and technology translation within academia, breaking “silos” to enable collaborations that cross institutional and disciplinary barriers. Institute faculty and staff engage in high‐risk research that leads to transformative breakthroughs. The biological principles uncovered are harnessed to develop new engineering solutions for medicine and healthcare, as well as nonmedical areas, such as energy, architecture, robotics, and manufacturing. These technologies are translated into commercial products and therapies through collaborations with clinical investigators, corporate alliances, and the formation of new start‐ups that are driven by a unique internal business development team including entrepreneurs‐in‐residence with domain‐specific expertise. Here, we describe this novel organizational model that the Institute has developed to change the paradigm of how fundamental discovery, medical technology innovation, and commercial translation are carried out at the academic‐industrial interface.
Influence of the Support of Bimetallic Platinum Tungstate Catalysts on 1,3‐Propanediol Formation from Glycerol
Authors: García‐Fernández Sara , Gandarias Inaki , Tejido‐Núñez Yaiza , Requies Jesús , Arias Pedro Luis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThree aluminium oxide materials and a HZSM‐5 zeolite were used as supports of bimetallic Pt‐WOx catalysts to establish structure–activity relationships in the glycerol hydrogenolysis reaction. The surface W density and the intimate contact between Pt and WOx were key parameters. Surface W density controls the formation of polytungstates, the only species able to produce the weak Brønsted acidity that is required to produce 1,3‐propanediol selectively. The comparison between the HZSM‐5 and the Al2O3 supports demonstrated that an increment of the medium Brønsted acidity is detrimental for the selective 1,3‐propanediol formation as it promotes reactions that yield 1‐propanol and propane. An increase of the dispersion of Pt on the Pt/WOx/Al2O3 catalysts led to higher glycerol conversions but also promoted the hydrogenolysis routes that lead to 1,2‐ and 1,3‐propanediol similarly. On the contrary, an increase of the Pt metal content favoured the hydrogenolysis route that leads to 1,3‐propanediol significantly. A more intimate contact between Pt and WOx promoted the hydrogenation of the intermediate carbocation, formed and stabilised on a polytungstate active site, into 1,3‐propanediol.
Effects of Strong CYP3A Inhibition and Induction on the Pharmacokinetics of Ixazomib, an Oral Proteasome Inhibitor: Results of Drug‐Drug Interaction Studies in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors or Lymphoma and a Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Analysis
Authors: Gupta Neeraj , Hanley Michael J. , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Bessudo Alberto , Rasco Drew W. , Sharma Sunil , O'Neil Bert H. , Wang Bingxia , Liu Guohui , Ke Alice , Patel Chirag , Rowland Yeo Karen , Xia Cindy , Zhang Xiaoquan , Esseltine Dixie‐Lee , Nemunaitis John 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAt clinically relevant ixazomib concentrations, in vitro studies demonstrated that no specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme predominantly contributes to ixazomib metabolism. However, at higher than clinical concentrations, ixazomib was metabolized by multiple CYP isoforms, with the estimated relative contribution being highest for CYP3A at 42%. This multiarm phase 1 study (Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01454076) investigated the effect of the strong CYP3A inhibitors ketoconazole and clarithromycin and the strong CYP3A inducer rifampin on the pharmacokinetics of ixazomib. Eighty‐eight patients were enrolled across the 3 drug‐drug interaction studies; the ixazomib toxicity profile was consistent with previous studies. Ketoconazole and clarithromycin had no clinically meaningful effects on the pharmacokinetics of ixazomib. The geometric least‐squares mean area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from 0 to 264 hours postdose ratio (90%CI) with vs without ketoconazole coadministration was 1.09 (0.91‐1.31) and was 1.11 (0.86‐1.43) with vs without clarithromycin coadministration. Reduced plasma exposures of ixazomib were observed following coadministration with rifampin. Ixazomib area under the plasma concentration‐time curve from time 0 to the time of the last quantifiable concentration was reduced by 74% (geometric least‐squares mean ratio of 0.26 [90%CI 0.18‐0.37]), and maximum observed plasma concentration was reduced by 54% (geometric least‐squares mean ratio of 0.46 [90%CI 0.29‐0.73]) in the presence of rifampin. The clinical drug‐drug interaction study results were reconciled well by a physiologically based pharmacokinetic model that incorporated a minor contribution of CYP3A to overall ixazomib clearance and quantitatively considered the strength of induction of CYP3A and intestinal P‐glycoprotein by rifampin. On the basis of these study results, the ixazomib prescribing information recommends that patients should avoid concomitant administration of strong CYP3A inducers with ixazomib.
Morphology visualization of irregular shape bacteria by electron holography and tomography
Authors: Ortega Eduardo , Cantu‐Valle Jesús , Plascencia‐Villa Germán , Vergara Sandra , Mendoza‐Santoyo Fernando , Londono‐Calderon Alejandra , Santiago Ulises , Ponce Arturo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the current work, irregular morphology of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria has been visualized by phase retrieval employing off‐axis electron holography (EH) and 3D reconstruction electron tomography using high‐angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF‐STEM). Bacteria interacting with gold nanoparticles (AuNP) acquired a shrunken or irregular shape due to air dehydration processing. STEM imaging shows the attachment of AuNP on the surface of cells and suggests an irregular 3D morphology of the specimen. The phase reconstruction demonstrates that off‐axis electron holography can reveal with a single hologram the morphology of the specimen and the distribution of the functionalized AuNPs. In addition, EH reduces significantly the acquisition time and the cumulative radiation damage (in three orders of magnitude) over biological samples in comparison with multiple tilted electron expositions intrinsic to electron tomography, as well as the processing time and the reconstruction artifacts that may arise during tomogram reconstruction.
Design tradeoffs in long‐term research for stream salamanders
Authors: Brand Adrianne B. , Grant Evan H. Campbell 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTLong‐term research programs can benefit from early and periodic evaluation of their ability to meet stated objectives. In particular, consideration of the spatial allocation of effort is key. We sampled 4 species of stream salamanders intensively for 2 years (2010–2011) in the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal National Historical Park, Maryland, USA to evaluate alternative distributions of sampling locations within stream networks, and then evaluated via simulation the ability of multiple survey designs to detect declines in occupancy and to estimate dynamic parameters (colonization, extinction) over 5 years for 2 species. We expected that fine‐scale microhabitat variables (e.g., cobble, detritus) would be the strongest determinants of occupancy for each of the 4 species; however, we found greater support for all species for models including variables describing position within the stream network, stream size, or stream microhabitat. A monitoring design focused on headwater sections had greater power to detect changes in occupancy and the dynamic parameters in each of 3 scenarios for the dusky salamander (Desmognathus fuscus) and red salamander (Pseudotriton ruber). Results for transect length were more variable, but across all species and scenarios, 25‐m transects are most suitable as a balance between maximizing detection probability and describing colonization and extinction. These results inform sampling design and provide a general framework for setting appropriate goals, effort, and duration in the initial planning stages of research programs on stream salamanders in the eastern United States. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Potential Biological Effects of (‐)‐Epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate on the Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Chen Cheng , Liu Qian , Liu Lin , Hu Yi‐yang , Feng Qin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue throughout the world. However, no validated treatments for NAFLD are currently available. In‐depth studies have demonstrated the efficacy of (‐)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), a main bioactive chemical extracted from green tea, in treating NAFLD. EGCG exhibits multi‐pronged preventive and therapeutic activities, including promoting lipid and glucose metabolism, anti‐lipid peroxidation and anti‐inflammation activities, anti‐fibrosis, and anti‐NAFLD related tumor, thus contributing to the mitigation of NAFLD occurrence and progression. The objectives of this paper are to review and discuss the currently known targets, signaling pathways and roles of EGCG that interfere with NAFLD pathogenesis, then providing additional experimental evidence and the foundation for the further studies and clinical applications of EGCG in the prevention and treatment of NAFLD.
Technology‐specific yield analysis of various photovoltaic module technologies under specific real weather conditions
Authors: Bogenrieder J. , Hüttner M. , Luchscheider P. , Hauch J. , Camus C. , Brabec C.J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the presented paper, we introduce an approach to rate the performance of modules under specific real weather conditions, since solar modules are rated according to standard test conditions which do not give evidence of the performance under real outdoor conditions. Therefore, we categorize the daily weather at a photovoltaic test site into 7 different climatic‐day classifications and multiple cloud scenarios. Two different approaches to evaluate the cloud conditions were investigated. Furthermore, we use the developed approach to rate the performance of 8 different commercially available photovoltaic modules that have been installed and measured in Germany. The evaluation shows that module properties (eg, temperature coefficient, spectral response, and mechanical construction) have a major influence on the performance of photovoltaic modules under different weather conditions.
Bioassay‐guided isolation of potent aphicidal Erythrina alkaloids against Aphis gossypii from the seed of Erythrina crista‐galli L
Authors: Wang Delong , Xie Na , Yi Shandong , Liu Chuanyuan , Jiang Hui , Ma Zhiqing , Feng Juntao , Yan He , Zhang Xing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) is one of the most invasive pests of cotton. Many botanical phytochemicals have a long history as a source of insecticides, and as templates for new insecticides. This study was undertaken to isolate aphicidal compounds from the seeds of Erythrina crista‐galli L. using the bioassay‐guided isolation method.RESULTSThree novel and 11 known Erythrina alkaloids were isolated. Erysodine (9), erysovine (10), erysotrine (8) and erythraline (11) showed moderate to excellent aphicidal activity with LD50 values of 7.48, 6.68, 5.13 and 4.67 ng aphid–1, respectively. The Potter spray tower bioassay gave corresponding LC50 values of 186.81, 165.35, 163.74 and 112.78 µg ml–1. A unique substructure, which presents an sp3 methylene at C‐8, a non‐oxygenated site at N‐9 and a conjugated dienes group (Δ1,2 and Δ6,7), plays a crucial role in the aphicidal activity. Application of erythraline (11) led to different increases in the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione S‐transferase.CONCLUSIONThe study demonstrated that the Erythrina alkaloids erysodine (9), erysovine (10), erysotrine (8) and erythraline (11) have potential use as botanical aphicides for commercial application, or as templates for the development of new insecticides. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Incorporating human dimensions objectives into waterfowl habitat planning and delivery
Authors: Devers Patrick K. , Roberts Anthony J. , Knoche Scott , Padding Paul I. , Raftovich Robert 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe 2012 revision of the North American Waterfowl Management Plan (NAWMP) explicitly recognized the need to increase recruitment and retention of waterfowl hunters, birdwatchers, and other conservationists to maintain support for wetland conservation. The incorporation of human dimensions objectives within the NAWMP has compelled waterfowl and wetland managers to consider whether and to what extent landscape characteristics such as public land access; the type, amount, and location of wetlands; and site infrastructure will increase support for wetland conservation among user groups. Further, it has forced the waterfowl community to consider the possible trade‐offs between managing land to achieve biological versus social objectives. We used publicly available, long‐term data sets to illustrate a method of incorporating human dimensions into waterfowl habitat planning and management. We used United States Fish and Wildlife Service waterfowl harvest survey data, United States Geological Survey band encounter data, and Cornell Lab of Ornithology eBird data to summarize travel characteristics of wetland bird enthusiasts (i.e., waterfowl hunters and birdwatchers) in the Atlantic Flyway. Greater than 90% of all trips by wetland bird enthusiasts occurred within their state of residence. We used data from New York, USA, to demonstrate how to construct discrete choice recreation demand models to identify factors that influence site selection and participation. We demonstrate how model outputs, such as the expected change in the number and geographic distribution of recreational trips (i.e., hunting or birdwatching), can be used as an objective metric to evaluate the benefits of alternative habitat acquisition and restoration projects relative to the human dimensions objective of the NAWMP. These data and methods show promise for incorporating human dimensions objectives into habitat delivery and understanding potential trade‐offs relative to biological objectives. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
A management strategy for the long-term conservation of the Endangered sand-dune lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus in the Pampean coastal dunes of Argentina
Authors: Kacoliris Federico P. , Velasco Melina A. , Kass Camila , Kass Nicolas , Simoy Verónica , Grilli Pablo G. , Martínez Aguirre Tomas , Di Pietro Diego O. , Williams Jorge D. , Berkunsky Igor 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe sand-dune lizard Liolaemus multimaculatus is an Endangered species endemic to the Pampean coastal dunes of Argentina. To inform the development of a future Action Plan for this species, we investigated the demography and conservation status of all remaining populations, and we suggest management actions appropriate to local needs. We used population viability analysis to assess extinction risk in three inbreeding scenarios and estimate the minimum viable population and the minimum area requirement. To assess the current status of each local population, we used information related to population size, human pressure and connectivity. The results were then used to set and prioritize conservation management actions at local level. Our models indicated that populations of > 2,400 individuals would be viable in the long term and that inbreeding depression has a strong effect on extinction risk. The southern patches of coastal dune contain the largest populations of sand-dune lizards, and they are also better connected and less threatened. We suggest land protection as the priority management action for populations larger than the minimum viable population, whereas habitat recovery, when possible, should be the priority for patches of coastal dune smaller than the minimum area requirement. Supplementation with a small number of individuals could stabilize unviable populations but should be considered only in certain situations.The long-term conservation of the sand-dune lizard will be feasible only if a conservation action plan is developed and implemented.