bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aprepitant for postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Singh Preet Mohinder , Borle Anuradha , Rewari Vimi , Makkar Jeetinder Kaur , Trikha Anjan , Sinha Ashish C , Goudra Basavana 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is an important clinical problem. Aprepitant is a relatively new agent for this condition which may be superior to other treatment. A systematic review was performed after searching a number of medical databases for controlled trials comparing aprepitant with conventional antiemetics published up to 25 April 2015 using the following keywords: ‘Aprepitant for PONV’, ‘Aprepitant versus 5-HT3 antagonists’ and ‘NK-1 versus 5-HT3 for PONV’. The primary outcome for the pooled analysis was efficacy of aprepitant in preventing vomiting on postoperative day (POD) 1 and 2. 172 potentially relevant papers were identified of which 23 had suitable data. For the primary outcome, 14 papers had relevant data. On POD1, 227/2341 patients (9.7%) patients randomised to aprepitant had a vomiting episode compared with 496/2267 (21.9%) controls. On POD2, the rate of vomiting among patients receiving aprepitant was 6.8% compared with 12.8% for controls. The OR for vomiting compared with controls was 0.48 (95% CI 0.34 to 0.67) on POD1 and 0.54 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.72) on POD2. Aprepitant also demonstrated a better profile with a lower need for rescue antiemetic and a higher complete response. Efficacy for vomiting prevention was demonstrated for 40 mg, 80 mg and 125 mg without major adverse effects. For vomiting comparison there was significant unexplainable heterogeneity (67.9% and 71.5% for POD1 and POD2, respectively). We conclude that (1) aprepitant reduces the incidence of vomiting on both POD1 and POD2, but there is an unexplained heterogeneity which lowers the strength of the evidence; (2) complete freedom from PONV on POD1 is highest for aprepitant with minimum need for rescue; and (3) oral aprepitant (80 mg) provides an effective and safe sustained antivomiting effect.
Psychometric properties of three single-item pain scales in patients with rheumatoid arthritis seen during routine clinical care: a comparative perspective on construct validity, reproducibility and internal responsiveness
Authors: Sendlbeck Melanie , Araujo Elizabeth G , Schett Georg , Englbrecht Matthias 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the construct validity, reproducibility (ie, retest reliability) and internal responsiveness to treatment change of common single-item scales measuring overall pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to investigate the corresponding effect of common pain-related comorbidities and medical consultation on these outcomes.Methods236 patients with RA completed a set of questionnaires including a visual analogue scale (VAS), a numerical rating scale (NRS) and a verbal rating scale (VRS) measuring overall pain before and immediately after routine medical consultation as well as 1 week after the patient's visit. Construct validity and retest reliability were evaluated using the Bravais-Pearson correlation while standardised response means (SRM) were calculated for evaluating internal responsiveness. Differences in the perception of pain were calculated using dependent samples t-tests.ResultsIn the total sample, construct validity was good across all three time points (convergent validity of pain scales: rT1–T3=0.82–0.92, p<0.001; discriminant validity as correlation of pain scales with age: rage=0.01–0.16, p>0.05). In patients maintaining antirheumatic treatment, retest reliability of pain scales was confirmed for all scales and across time points (rVAS=0.82–0.95, rNRS=0.89–0.98, rVRS=0.80–0.90, p<0.001), while the internal responsiveness of scales to a change in treatment was low across all scales (SRM=0.08–0.21). The VAS especially suggested a change in pain perception after medical consultation in patients maintaining therapy.ConclusionsThe VAS, NRS and VRS are valid and retest reliable in an outpatient clinical practice setting. The low pain scales’ internal responsiveness to treatment change is likely to be due to the short follow-up period. Patients with RA maintaining antirheumatic therapy seem to experience less pain after medical consultation.
ІХ З’ЇЗД ІНФЕКЦІОНІСТІВ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Kopcha V. S. 
Published: January 2016

<p>7-9 жовтня 2015 р. у cанаторії “Медобори”, що поблизу Тернополя зібралось 265 науковців і практикуючих лікарів, переважно інфекціоністів, з усіх областей України на свій черговий, ІХ, з’їзд. Тема цьогорічного форуму: «Інфекційні хвороби: поступи і проблеми в діагностиці, терапії та профілактиці» вибрана неспроста – необхідно було всебічно і ретельно проаналізувати здобутки за час від минулого з’їзду, а головне, намітити шляхи суттєвого покращання надання медичної допомоги інфекційним хворим в умовах реформування медичної галузі, наблизитися до стандартів боротьби з інфекційними недугами в Євросоюзі і США. </p>
ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ ДЛЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ ФАХІВЦІВ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЇ НАДАННЯ ПЕРВИННОЇ МЕДИКО-САНІТАРНОЇ ДОПОМОГИ СІЛЬСЬКОМУ НАСЕЛЕННЮ
Authors: СЕЛЬСЬКИЙ П.Р. 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Мета:</strong> з’ясувати ефективність використання інформаційних технологій для підготовки фахівців та надання медичної допомоги на прикладі навчально-практичних центрів первинної медико-санітарної допомоги.</p><p><strong>Матеріали і методи. </strong>Під час виконання роботи застосовувались методи теорії інформаційних систем та інформаційного моделювання, соціологічний та статистичний методи. З метою дослідження ефективності інформатизації закладу охорони здоров’я проведено аналіз амбулаторного прийому 2486 сільських мешканців.</p><p><strong>Результати.</strong> Використання інформаційних та телемедичних технологій на первинному рівні дозволило покращити доступність та якість медичної допомоги, підвищити ефективність підготовки фахівців для майбутньої роботи у сільських амбулаторіях.<strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Висновки</strong>. Застосування інформаційних технологій та створення навчально-практичних центрів сприятиме покращенню лікувально-профілактичної роботи у сільських населених пунктах. </p><p>КЛЮЧОВІ СЛОВА: <strong>інформаційні технології, первинна медико-санітарна допомога, сільські заклади охорони здоров’я.</strong></p>
НАУКОВО-ДОСЛІДНА ДІЯЛЬНІСТТЬ СТУДЕНТІВ В СИСТЕМІ МЕДСЕСТРИНСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ
Authors: Ryzhkovskyi V. O. , Ryzhkovskyi A. V. 
Published: January 2016

<p>Інтеграція української вищої медичної школи в єдиний європейський простір вимагає удосконалення концепції підготовки медичної сестри, вітчизняних навчальних програм, підходів, форм і методів навчання. Одним із вагомих методів підготовки медичної сестри на шляху реформування є залучення студентів до науково-дослідної роботи. Творчо-пошукова робота студентів є невід’ємною складовою навчання і здійснюється з метою інтеграції навчальної, наукової та виробничої діяльності в системі вищої медсестринської освіти. </p>
Música e voz para além do som
Authors: Malufe Annita Costa , Ferraz Silvio 
Published: January 2016

<p>O presente artigo busca, a partir daquilo que o compositor Luciano Berio chamou de "musicalidade presente nas livres partículas" e do estudo da trajetória do conceito de escuta, e consequentemente de música, ao longo do século XX, evidenciar um tipo de musicalidade que estaria presente em certos modos de manifestação da literatura. Para tanto, toma por ponto de partida as propostas da música concreta e do serialismo integral, experiências radicais da música no séc. XX, como base para a leitura das poéticas de Samuel Beckett, Christophe Tarkos e Georges Aperghis. Os três autores são tomados aqui como momentos distintos, que perfazem as décadas de 1970, 80 e 90, da produção poética em sua relação direta com a arte da performance. Em cada um desses casos, tem-se diferentes modulações do trabalho com a voz, ainda que em todos possamos arriscar a presença de um traço comum: a leitura do texto que se abre à sua materialidade acústica e temporal. Tal aspecto é evidenciado pela ciclicidade com que suas escritas se valem, realçando a ideia de uma musicalidade que não se reduz à sonoridade ou ao ritmo das palavras, mas à palavra em sua completude, inserida em um campo aberto de significados, sonoridades, métrica, imagens etc. Propomos assim observar a potência vocal que atravessa a poesia, imaginando um movimento de mão dupla, de mútua interferência entre as invenções da música e da poesia no séc. XX, aquela capacidade de dizer algo - seja com palavras ou outros sons - não enunciável pelo discurso, mas pelo embate livre entre palavras, fonemas, frases.</p>
Torquato Neto: “Começa na lua cheia e termina antes do fim”
Authors: Bosi Viviana 
Published: January 2016

<p>Pretendemos examinar três momentos da obra poética de Torquato Neto a fim de refletir sobre as dramáticas mudanças de ordem estética, existencial e política, no Brasil, com as quais dialogou o artista. O primeiro, relacionado às letras de canção que compõe em meados da década de 1960, cujos traços principais aproximam o artista do veio “nacional-popular”. O segundo, do final dos anos 60, vinculado à Tropicália. Por fim, no começo da década de 1970, verificamos outra atitude na sua produção escrita e nas letras destinadas a canções, sintomáticas do processo de transformação histórica. Ao que se conclui, ele não conseguiu abandonar suas origens, retornando a elas de uma forma traumática.</p><p> </p>
Self-Administered Computer Therapy for Apraxia of Speech
Authors: Varley Rosemary , Cowell Patricia E. , Dyson Lucy , Inglis Lesley , Roper Abigail , Whiteside Sandra P. 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
There is currently little evidence on effective interventions for poststroke apraxia of speech. We report outcomes of a trial of self-administered computer therapy for apraxia of speech.

Methods—
Effects of speech intervention on naming and repetition of treated and untreated words were compared with those of a visuospatial sham program. The study used a parallel-group, 2-period, crossover design, with participants receiving 2 interventions. Fifty participants with chronic and stable apraxia of speech were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 order conditions: speech-first condition versus sham-first condition. Period 1 design was equivalent to a randomized controlled trial. We report results for this period and profile the effect of the period 2 crossover.

Results—
Period 1 results revealed significant improvement in naming and repetition only in the speech-first group. The sham-first group displayed improvement in speech production after speech intervention in period 2. Significant improvement of treated words was found in both naming and repetition, with little generalization to structurally similar and dissimilar untreated words. Speech gains were largely maintained after withdrawal of intervention. There was a significant relationship between treatment dose and response. However, average self-administered dose was modest for both groups. Future software design would benefit from incorporation of social and gaming components to boost motivation.

Conclusions—
Single-word production can be improved in chronic apraxia of speech with behavioral intervention. Self-administered computerized therapy is a promising method for delivering high-intensity speech/language rehabilitation.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1278-0601
. Unique identifier: ISRCTN88245643.
Description and molecular characterisation of two new species of Dorylaimidae (Dorylaimida: Nematoda) from Iran, with a compendium of all the nominal species of Dorylaimus Dujardin, 1845
Authors: Vinciguerra Maria Teresa , Eskandari Ali , Clausi Mirella , Asghari Ramezan , Rappazzo Giancarlo 
Published: January 2016

Two new species of Dorylaimidae from Iran are described using morphology and molecular data.Dorylaimus eleganssp. n. is characterised by 4.41-5.92 mm body length, lip region truncate, distinct from adjoining body by a depression, cuticle with 50-55 longitudinal ridges, odontostyle 42-51 μm long, thicker than cuticle at its level, didelphic female reproductive apparatus, vulva a small sub-equatorial pore, a variable number of advulval papillae (0-6), both pre- and post-vulval, present in most specimens, female tail elongate, 5.6-7.6 anal body diam. long, with ventrally hooked terminus. Male with 26-30 ventromedian supplements arranged very close to each other, copulatory hump weakly developed, and a convex-conoid tail with blunt terminus.Prodorylaimus reyesisp. n. is characterised by 2.78-3.33 mm body length, lip region slightly angular and well set off from adjoining body by a depression, odontostyle 26-31 μm long, thicker than cuticle at its level, didelphic female reproductive apparatus, vulva longitudinal, a variable number of advulval papillae (0-3), both pre- and post-vulval, present in most specimens, tail in both sexes convex-conoid in its anterior part, then narrowing abruptly to a filiform hyaline appendix, longer in female (c′ = 11.7-15.5) than in male (c′ = 7-7.7), and 19-21 contiguous ventromedian supplements. A compendium of the main morphometric characters ofDorylaimusand a key to species are also provided.
Use of hematopoietic cell transplants to achieve tolerance in patients with solid organ transplants
Authors: Strober Samuel 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe goals of tolerance in patients with solid organ transplants are to eliminate the lifelong need for immunosuppressive (IS) drugs and to prevent graft loss due to rejection or drug toxicity. Tolerance with complete withdrawal of IS drugs has been achieved in recipients of HLA-matched and mismatched living donor kidney transplants in 3 medical centers using hematopoietic cell transplants to establish mixed or complete chimerism.
An individualized predictor of health and disease using paired reference and target samples
Authors: Liu Tzu-Yu , Burke Thomas , Park Lawrence P. , Woods Christopher W. , Zaas Aimee K. , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. , Hero Alfred O. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundConsider the problem of designing a panel of complex biomarkers to predict a patient’s health or disease state when one can pair his or her current test sample, called a target sample, with the patient’s previously acquired healthy sample, called a reference sample. As contrasted to a population averaged reference this reference sample is individualized. Automated predictor algorithms that compare and contrast the paired samples to each other could result in a new generation of test panels that compare to a person’s healthy reference to enhance predictive accuracy. This paper develops such an individualized predictor and illustrates the added value of including the healthy reference for design of predictive gene expression panels.ResultsThe objective is to predict each subject’s state of infection, e.g., neither exposed nor infected, exposed but not infected, pre-acute phase of infection, acute phase of infection, post-acute phase of infection. Using gene microarray data collected in a large scale serially sampled respiratory virus challenge study we quantify the diagnostic advantage of pairing a person’s baseline reference with his or her target sample. The full study consists of 2886 microarray chips assaying 12,023 genes of 151 human volunteer subjects under 4 different inoculation regimes (HRV, RSV, H1N1, H3N2). We train (with cross-validation) reference-aided sparse multi-class classifier algorithms on this data to show that inclusion of a subject’s reference sample can improve prediction accuracy by as much as 14 %, for the H3N2 cohort, and by at least 6 %, for the H1N1 cohort. Remarkably, these gains in accuracy are achieved by using smaller panels of genes, e.g., 39 % fewer for H3N2 and 31 % fewer for H1N1. The biomarkers selected by the predictors fall into two categories: 1) contrasting genes that tend to differentially express between target and reference samples over the population; 2) reinforcement genes that remain constant over the two samples, which function as housekeeping normalization genes. Many of these genes are common to all 4 viruses and their roles in the predictor elucidate the function that they play in differentiating the different states of host immune response.ConclusionsIf one uses a suitable mathematical prediction algorithm, inclusion of a healthy reference in biomarker diagnostic testing can potentially improve accuracy of disease prediction with fewer biomarkers.
A multiple kernel learning algorithm for drug-target interaction prediction
Authors: Nascimento André C. A. , Prudêncio Ricardo B. C. , Costa Ivan G. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Drug-target networks are receiving a lot of attention in late years, given its relevance for pharmaceutical innovation and drug lead discovery. Different in silico approaches have been proposed for the identification of new drug-target interactions, many of which are based on kernel methods. Despite technical advances in the latest years, these methods are not able to cope with large drug-target interaction spaces and to integrate multiple sources of biological information.

Results
We propose KronRLS-MKL, which models the drug-target interaction problem as a link prediction task on bipartite networks. This method allows the integration of multiple heterogeneous information sources for the identification of new interactions, and can also work with networks of arbitrary size. Moreover, it automatically selects the more relevant kernels by returning weights indicating their importance in the drug-target prediction at hand. Empirical analysis on four data sets using twenty distinct kernels indicates that our method has higher or comparable predictive performance than 18 competing methods in all prediction tasks. Moreover, the predicted weights reflect the predictive quality of each kernel on exhaustive pairwise experiments, which indicates the success of the method to automatically reveal relevant biological sources.

Conclusions
Our analysis show that the proposed data integration strategy is able to improve the quality of the predicted interactions, and can speed up the identification of new drug-target interactions as well as identify relevant information for the task.

Availability
The source code and data sets are available at www.cin.ufpe.br/~acan/kronrlsmkl/.
Comparison of the toxicities, bioactivities and chemical profiles of raw and processed Xanthii Fructus
Authors: Su Tao , Cheng Brian Chi-Yan , Fu Xiu-Qiong , Li Ting , Guo Hui , Cao Hui-Hui , Kwan Hiu-Yee , Tse Anfernee Kai-Wing , Yu Hua , Cao Hui , Yu Zhi-Ling 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background
Although toxic, the Chinese medicinal herb Xanthii Fructus (XF) is commonly used to treat traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms that resemble cold, sinusitis and arthritis. According to TCM theory, stir-baking (a processing method) can reduce the toxicity and enhance the efficacy of XF.

Methods
Cytotoxicities of raw XF and processed XF (stir-baked XF, SBXF) were determined by the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay in normal liver derived MIHA cells. Nitric oxide (NO) production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression were measured by the Griess reagent and quantitative real-time PCR, respectively. The chemical profiles of XF and SBXF were compared using an established ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) method.

Results
SBXF was less toxic than XF in MIHA cells. Both XF and SBXF could reduce NO production and iNOS mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Interestingly, the effects of SBXF were more potent than XF in the macrophages. By comparing the chemical profiles, we found that seven peaks were lower, while nine other peaks were higher in SBXF than in XF. Eleven compounds including carboxyatractyloside, atractyloside and chlorogenic acid corresponding to eleven individual changed peaks were tentatively identified by matching with empirical molecular formulae and mass fragments, as well as literature data.

Conclusion
Our study showed that stir-baking significantly reduced the cytotoxicity and enhanced the bioactivity of XF; moreover, with a developed UPLC/Q-TOF-MS method we differentiated XF and SBXF by their chemical profiles. Further studies are warranted to establish the relationship between the alteration of chemical profiles and the changes of medicinal properties caused by stir-baking.
Unique and redundant β-catenin regulatory roles of two Dishevelled paralogs during C. elegans asymmetric cell division
Authors: Baldwin Austin T. , Clemons Amy M. , Phillips Bryan T. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is utilized across metazoans. However, the mechanism of signal transduction, especially dissociation of the β-catenin destruction complex by Dishevelled proteins, remains controversial. Here, we describe the function of the Dishevelled paralogs DSH-2 and MIG-5 in the Wnt/β-catenin asymmetry (WβA) pathway in Caenorhabditis elegans, where WβA drives asymmetric cell divisions throughout development. We find that DSH-2 and MIG-5 redundantly regulate cell fate in hypodermal seam cells. Similarly, both DSH-2 and MIG-5 are required for positive regulation of SYS-1 (a C. elegans β-catenin), but MIG-5 has a stronger effect on the polarity of SYS-1 localization. We show that MIG-5 controls cortical APR-1 (the C. elegans APC) localization. DSH-2 and MIG-5 both regulate the localization of WRM-1 (another C. elegans β-catenin), acting together as negative regulators of WRM-1 nuclear localization. Finally, we demonstrate that overexpression of DSH-2 or MIG-5 in seam cells leads to stabilization of SYS-1 in the anterior seam daughter, solidifying the Dishevelled proteins as positive regulators of SYS-1. Overall, we have further defined the role of Dishevelled in the WβA signaling pathway, and demonstrated that DSH-2 and MIG-5 regulate cell fate, β-catenin nuclear levels and the polarity of β-catenin regulation.
Innovative Applications of Robotic Surgery: Renal Allograft and Autologous Transplantation
Authors: Lee Jason , Ordon Michael 
Published: January 2016

Robotic surgery has enabled surgeons to offer more patients a minimally invasive surgical option in the management of their complex diseases. While renal transplantation is associated with significant improvements in quantity and quality of life for most end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, it is also not devoid of its surgical risks and potential morbidities. Robotic-assisted kidney transplantation is a recently described, innovative application of the robotic surgery platform, and early experiences suggest that it is associated with comparable graft function and lower rates of complications.Urinary tract obstruction, though less common than ESRD, can be a serious threat to renal function. Severe ureteric stricture disease can represent a clinically complex problem requiring major reconstructive surgery. Completely intra-corporeal robotic renal auto-transplantation is another innovative application of the robotic surgery platform and represents a significant advancement in urologic surgery. Initial reports of this procedure demonstrate safety, feasibility, and excellent renal function outcomes.