bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fibrous dysplasia in the jaws of a Hong-Kong population: radiographic presentation and systematic review
Authors: MacDonald-Jankowski D 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare the radiographic presentation of fibrous dysplasia in the jaws of Hong Kong patients with the features reported in other populations.

METHODS
The clinical records and radiographs were reviewed of seven patients with fibrous dysplasia whose diagnosis had been histopathologically confirmed. Published series of fibrous dysplasia were subjected to systematic review.

RESULTS
The male:female ratio was 4:3: one woman was Indian in origin; the other six patients were ethnic Chinese. The females were on average older than the males. Three cases affected the mandible and four the maxilla. Five cases affected the right side and two the left. A swelling was the principle clinical manifestation. The lesions were generally large, affecting most or all of the hemimandible or hemimaxilla involved. All cases exhibited expansion and had ground glass opacification. The four cases affecting the maxilla reduced the lumen of the maxillary antrum. The systematic review was carried out on 104 individual cases derived from nine reports of which only 93 cases were accompanied by radiological details. Many of the reports were limited in their scope, particularly with regards to radiological features. Fibrous dysplasia is more frequent in the maxilla in Oriental populations. Swelling is the most frequent clinical finding and buccolinqual expansion the most frequent radiological finding.

CONCLUSION
The pattern of presentation of fibrous dysplasia in a Hong Kong population is broadly in agreement with reports from other populations.
The effects of sustained incisal clenching on the temporomandibular joint space
Authors: Takenami Y , Kuboki T , Acero C O , Maekawa K , Yamashita A , Azuma Y 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To determine the effect of sustained incisal clenching on the width of the temporomandibular joint space.

METHODS
Nine normal subjects clenched on an anterior appliance for 10 min at 49 N. Sagittal tomograms were obtained during comfortable closure in the intercuspal position (ICP) (ICP-Before), comfortable closure on bite force transducer without clenching (BFT-Before), start of clenching (BFT-0), end of 5 min clenching (BFT-5), end of 10 min clenching (BFT-10), comfortable closure on the bite force transducer immediately after clenching (BFT-After) and comfortable closure in ICP after clenching (ICP-After). Joint space dimensions were automatically measured by a computerized image analysis system.

RESULTS
The minimum joint space dimension was significantly reduced at BFT-5 (P = 0.0381), BFT-10 (P = 0.0019) and BFT-After (P = 0.0053) in relation to BFT-Before. The condylar position was also significantly shifted upward at BFT-0 (P = 0.0422), BFT-5 (P = 0.0005), BFT-10 (P = 0.0001), and BFT-After (P = 0.0004) in relation to BFT-Before.

CONCLUSION
Sustained incisal clenching at 49 N causes significant anterior joint space reduction. We believe this is due to marked compression of the articular cartilage and disc.
Cross-sectional presurgical implant imaging using tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT).
Authors: Liang H , Tyndall D A , Ludlow J B , Lang L A 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To investigate tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT) as an alternative to conventional tomography for cross-sectional imaging of potential implant sites.

METHODS
Twenty potential implant sites in three dry human mandibles were selected. Sixteen TACT basis projections were recorded on film using a linear array of source positions. Films were scanned and 20 TACT and iterative TACT slices were reconstructed using TACT Workbench software. Maximum height and width were measured on one representative slice of each site. Results were compared with the ground truth using ANOVA and Wilcoxon signed rank tests.

RESULTS
The means of relative difference in maximum height were 1.55 and 1.56% for TACT and iterative TACT respectively (P = 0.8643). The means of relative difference in width were 5.96 and 6.36% for TACT and iterative TACT respectively (P = 0.4845). More than 75% measurements were within +/- 1 mm of ground truth for both modalities.

CONCLUSIONS
TACT may provide an alternative to conventional tomography for dental implant imaging. Further investigations should be performed to explore factors affecting image quality.
Bone formation in a carcinoma of the maxillary antrum
Authors: Lee K , Suei Y , Yamada T , Masuda S , Ogawa I , Tanimoto K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses are rare: about 80% are found in the maxillary sinus123. The presence of dense radiopaque masses in combination with destruction of the bone margins suggests osteosarcoma or aspergillosis4 rather than carcinoma. We present a unique mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the maxillary antrum containing new bone formation and discuss the differential diagnosis.
Diagnostic imaging of pigmented villonodular synovitis of the temporomandibular joint associated with condylar expansion
Authors: Song M Y , Heo M S , Lee S S , Choi S C , Park T W , Lim C Y , Lim J J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a rare lesion of the temporomandibular joint. We report a case which was initially misdiagnosed as a parotid tumor. CT revealed a well-defined mass demonstrating higher attenuation than the adjacent soft tissue with marked expansion of the mandibular condyle. MRI clearly delineated the extent of the lesion which had very low signal intensity on both T1W and T2W sequences due to the effect of hemosiderin. The usefulness of these imaging procedures in diagnosis of PVNS is discussed.
Accuracy of implant treatment planning utilizing template-guided reformatted computed tomography
Authors: Besimo C E , Lambrecht J T , Guindy J S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the magnitude of error in transferring the planned position of implants from reformatted CT scans to a surgical template.

METHODS
The deviation between the position of the apex of the proposed implant in paraxial CT reformats and on the corresponding study cast was measured in 77 prospective sites in five maxillas and nine mandibles.

RESULTS
The transfer error was 0.6 (s.d. 0.4) mm in the maxilla and 0.3 (s.d. 0.4) mm in the mandible.

CONCLUSIONS
The transfer errors detected in this investigation are not clinically relevant. Other factors involved in transferring positional and angular measurements from reformatted CT to the surgical site may result in more significant errors.
Physical properties of a photostimulable phosphor system for intra-oral radiography
Authors: Stamatakis H C , Welander U , McDavid W D 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine physical properties of the Digora digital intra-oral radiographic system (Soredex Orion Corporation, Helsinki, Finland) for different calibration settings and beam energies.

METHODS
The line spread function (LSF) and the modulation transfer function (MTF) were determined from radiographs of a slit. Noise power spectra (NPS) were determined from radiographs exposed to homogeneous radiation fields at 10, 50 and 100% of the calibration exposure for three tube potentials. All calculations were performed using relative values of exposure comprised of gray level, the signal at the photomultiplier tube and the amplified signal in order to confirm agreement between these different approaches. Noise equivalent quanta (NEQ) were calculated from the one-dimensional NPSs and the MTF. Detective quantum efficiencies (DQE) were determined from the NEQs and representative values of the photon fluence. Signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) were calculated for different signal contrasts applying the NEQs.

RESULTS
The MTF of the system exhibited typical characteristics and falls to a value close to zero at the Nyquist frequency of about 7 cycles/mm. Noise as expressed by the NPS was found to be relatively low, i.e. about 10(-5) to 10(-6) mm2 depending on exposure and frequency. There was no significant difference between data obtained at different beam energies. The NEQ and hence the DQE were relatively high. DQE decreased with increased exposure. For exposures in the clinical range of the DQE reached a peak value of about 25%. SNRs are favorable.

CONCLUSION
The physical properties of the Digora intra-oral system indicate that it is suitable for digital intra-oral radiography.
Dental optical coherence tomography: a comparison of two in vitro systems
Authors: Otis L L , Colston B W , Everett M J , Nathel H 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To compare the imaging results obtained with two different in vitro prototype dental optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems.

METHODS
Two prototypes were evaluated: an 850 nm wavelength, 700 microW OCT system with a relatively low numerical aperture (0.03) and a 1310 nm wavelength, 140 microW system with a higher numerical aperture (0.20).

RESULTS
Using the 850 nm system a characteristic scattering signal was observed that correlated with the depth of a periodontal probe. There was, however, insufficient light penetration to create images with adequate resolution. Improved image quality was achieved with the 1310 nm OCT system; these images had sufficient resolution to allow identification of anatomical structures important for the diagnostic assessment of oral structures.

CONCLUSIONS
These results illustrate the improvement in imaging dental structures that can be obtained with a prototype 1310 nm OCT system. The feasibility of OCT as a dental imaging technique is verified.
Digital analysis of trabecular pattern in jaws of patients with sickle cell anemia
Authors: White S C , Cohen J M , Mourshed F A 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To characterize how the morphological features of the cancellous bone of the maxilla and mandible differ in patients with sickle cell anemia compared with normal subjects.

METHODS
Periapical radiographs of 18 young African American patients with sickle cell anemia and 18 control African Americans were digitized at 600 d.p.i. A customized computer program measured 24 morphological features of the trabecular and marrow architecture in the anterior maxilla and mandible. The mean values for each of the features were determined for the sickle cell and control groups and compared by anatomical site.

RESULTS
Patients with sickle cell anemia have a significant increase in area of the marrow (53% compared with 47% in controls) and a less complex trabecular structure as evidenced by fewer skeletal branch points per square cm (451 compared with 584 in controls in the anterior maxilla and, 553 compared with 678 in controls in the anterior mandible). All values are significantly different (P &lt; 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS
The data support the hypothesis that an automated image-interpretation program can distinguish patients with sickle cell anemia from normal individuals.
Fractal properties of bone
Authors: Geraets W G , van der Stelt P F 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To introduce the applications of fractal analysis of bone in medical imaging in general and dental radiographs in particular.

RESULTS
Various methods for measuring fractal dimension have been used to compare normal with osteoporotic bone with contradictory results. This disparity may be attributed to differences in the anatomical sites studied and differences in methods used to obtain the 2D images. However, differences in methods used to measure fractal dimension can also be responsible.

CONCLUSION
When fractal dimension is used to study bone it must be remembered that all stages in the analytical chain have an impact on the results. Thus, to obtain more conclusive results, studies on the fractal dimension of bone should be carefully designed and individual methods thoroughly evaluated.
Computed tomography of emphysema following tooth extraction
Authors: Wakoh M , Saitou C , Kitagawa H , Suga K , Ushioda T , Kuroyanagi K 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Subcutaneous and tissue space emphysema following surgical extraction of mandibular third molars is a rare and serious complication of dental surgery. Recognition of mediastinal emphysema following surgical extraction is difficult because there are no absolute clinical symptoms and signs. We present two cases of emphysema following extraction of a lower third molar and discuss the contribution of CT to the early recognition of the presence and spatial migration of air and to clinical management.
Recent developments in understanding temporomandibular joint disorders. Part 2: Changes in the retrodiscal tissue
Authors: Sano T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The purpose of the second in the series of three review articles is to discuss the significance of changes in the retrodiscal tissue on MRI of the painful TMJ in patients with TMD. Decreased T1W or proton signal in the retrodiscal tissue is related neither to TMJ pain nor histologically clarified. However the increased MR signal, suggestive of higher vascularity, may reflect TMJ pain.
Comparison of the panoramic radiographic and CT features of post-Caldwell-Luc maxillary sinuses
Authors: Ohba T , Morimoto Y , Nagata Y , Tanaka T , Kito S 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To clarify the panoramic radiographic features of the post-Caldwell-Luc maxillary sinus.

METHODS
The panoramic radiographs were compared with the axial CT scans of 48 symptomatic post-Caldwell-Luc maxillary sinuses which had been operated on more than 5 years previously.

RESULTS
The two characteristic features of the post-Caldwell-Luc maxillary sinus on panoramic radiographs were a right-angled triangular shape, due to absence of the floor of the maxillary sinus and radiopacity of the posterior wall and zygomatic bone, and an ill-defied panoramic innominate line. This shape was related to the finding of a contracted sinus with a radiolucent lumen on the CT scans. There was also close relationship between the ill-defined panoramic innominate line and thickened posterior wall on the CT scans.

CONCLUSION
The characteristic features of the post-Caldwell-Luc maxillary sinus on panoramic radiographs were a right-angled triangular shape and an ill-defined panoramic innominate line. These features were related to a contracted sinus and a thickened posterior wall on the CT scans.
Experimental induction of rheumatoid arthritis in temporomandibular joint of the guinea pig: a clinical and radiographic study
Authors: Al-Mobireek A F , Darwazeh A M , Hassanin M B 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE
To correlate the clinical and radiographic changes at different stages of experimentally-induced rheumatoid arthritis (RA) of the TMJ.

METHODS
Forty eight adult male guinea pigs, aged 4-6 months, were divided into two groups. Arthritis was induced in the experimental animals by intraperitoneal injection of heat-inactivated group A Streptococcus pyogenes. Four animals from each group were sacrificed and examined clinically and radiographically at intervals of 48 h and 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks.

RESULTS
The main clinical findings were stiffness, crepitation and reduction in mouth opening. Radiographically, the main features were condylar erosion, flattening and sclerosis subcortical cyst formation.

CONCLUSION
RA passes through stages that can be correlated clinically and radiographically. Both the clinical and radiographic manifestations in this experimental model are comparable with those previously reported in the small joints of humans.
Magnetic resonance imaging of temporomandibular disorders: classification, prevalence and interpretation of disc displacement and deformation
Authors: Milano V , Desiate A , Bellino R , Garofalo T 
Published: October 2024

AIM
To analyse the prevalence of disc displacements and deformations from MRI of symptomatic temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

METHODS
The study was conducted retrospectively on 192 joints of 98 patients (67 females, 31 males, mean age 29 years), who had undergone bilateral MRI (except for four who had unilateral) in the sagittal (both open and closed mouth) and coronal (closed mouth only) planes. These displacements were subdivided into static (complete anterior and posterior, partial anterolateral and anteromedial, sideways lateral and medial, anterolateral and anteromedial rotational) and dynamic (with reduction, without reduction, with incomplete reduction; non-determinable). Disc deformations were subdivided into: enlargement of the posterior band, reversed biconcave shape, biplanar (flattened) and biconvex shape.

RESULTS
Eighty per cent of patients had bilateral displacement, 15% unilateral and 5% a normally positioned disc. Complete anterior displacement was the commonest and sideways the rarest. Reduction was present in 58% of disc displacements, no reduction in 26%, incomplete reduction in 4%, while in the remaining 12%, it could not be determined. Rotational displacement was the most likely to feature reduction and sideways the least. Temporomandibular joints with no reduction were closely correlated with bone lesions. The most frequent deformation was biplanar and the rarest enlargement of the posterior band.

CONCLUSIONS
There was a high prevalence of displacements and deformations. While they do not appear to be significant in inducing pain, they can predispose to the onset of osteoarthrosis.
Radiographic digital image enhancement. Part II: transform domain techniques
Authors: Analoui M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Digital image enhancement techniques can have a significant impact on the diagnostic quality of a radiographic image. Selection of an image enhancement technique is a function of image content and its attributes of interest. The diagnostic value of a radiographic image is commonly reduced by its intrinsic limitations as well as interference from unwanted signals. In this second article on radiographic image enhancement the Fourier transform, the most commonly used transformation method, is used to examine examples of methods for image enhancement, with particular emphasis on the removal or reduction of noise.
The effects of different image file formats and image-analysis software programs on dental radiometric digital evaluations
Authors: Gürdal P , Hildebolt C F , Akdeniz B G 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To determine if variations in radiodensity data are introduced by lossy Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compression and/or the use of three software programs.

METHODS
An occlusal film with an aluminium step wedge was exposed, processed and digitized under standard conditions. Before the image was saved, the coordinates and the gray-scale value for each pixel in a 20 x 20 pixel area near the middle of the thickest step were recorded. These pixel coordinates and gray-scale values served as Truth 1. In addition, a digital simulated-radiographic image with assigned gray-scale values for each pixel was created and served as Truth 2. The digital data for the scanned radiograph and the simulated radiograph were saved as Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) and lossy JPEG files. Each file was opened with three software programs and the gray-scale values of homologous pixels were recorded. For these pixels in each image type, the mean gray-scale values and standard deviations were calculated. The pixel gray-scale values for each homologous pixel were also individually compared.

RESULTS
When the TIFF images were opened with the three software programs, one program resulted in gray-scale values that were not concordant with truth. All JPEG images resulted in gray-scale values that were not concordant with truth.

CONCLUSIONS
One software program added a column of 0s to data files. Lossy JPEG compression introduced potentially deleterious variations to radiodensity data, and at least two of the software programs performed JPEG image decompression differently.
Resorption of the lateral pole of the mandibular condyle in temporomandibular disc displacement
Authors: Kurita H , Ohtsuka A , Kobayashi H , Kurashina K 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To assess the possible relationship between resorption of the superolateral pole of the mandible condyle (RSLC) and TMJ disk displacement.

METHODS
Two hundred and seventeen TMJs in 138 patients were studied. Displacement of the disc, degree of displacement and disc configuration were assessed using MRI. RSLC was assessed from a transorbital radiograph.

RESULTS
Seventy-two joints (37%) were considered to have RSLC. A significantly higher prevalence of RSLC was found in joints with disc displacement (goodness test of fit for chi-square, P&lt;0.05). A significantly higher prevalence of RSLC was found in joints with advanced disc displacement and advanced disk deformation (Mann-Whitney U-test, P&lt;0.01).

CONCLUSIONS
RSLC appears more likely to occur in joints with advanced disc displacement.
Detection of simulated periodontal bone gain by digital subtraction radiography with tuned-aperture computed tomography. The effect of angular disparity
Authors: Chai-U-Dom O , Ludlow J B , Tyndall D A , Webber R L 
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES
To investigate the influence of angular disparity on observer detection of simulated bone gain in digital subtraction radiography using tuned-aperture computed tomography (TACT).

MATERIALS AND METHODS
Simulated periodontal defects were created in interproximal and buccal or lingual (tooth-obscured) areas of the premolar and molar regions of a dry human skull. Radiographs were obtained before and after known weights of amorphous bone were added to the defects to simulate bone gain. The skull was positioned in a multidirectional tomographic unit to achieve reproducibility. A series of nine basis images were acquired with a CMOS intra-oral receptor and repeated using angular disparities of 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees. Stacks of TACT slices generated from the basis images were paired for image-registration, histogram-equalization and subtraction using TACT Workbench. Eight calibrated observers randomly assessed the presence or absence of bone gain using a 5-point confidence scale. ROC curves were generated and A(z) values were analysed using ANOVA.

RESULTS
There were significant differences in the performance of the observers (P=0.034), defect location (P=0.005), amount of bone gain (P&lt;0.001), angular disparity (P=0.003) and angular disparity x defect location interaction (P=0.019). Mean A(z) values in detecting bone gain were 0.90, 0.85, 0.79 for angular disparities of 10 degrees, 20 degrees, and 30 degrees respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Smaller angular disparity provided better detection of bone gain with TACT-subtraction using nine basis-projections. This effect of angular disparity was especially evident with tooth-obscured defects.
Systematic review in diagnostic radiology.
Authors: MacDonald-Jankowski D S , Dozier M F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Systematic review (SR) already makes a major contribution to evidence-based healthcare by making the review process transparent and by reducing bias. SR has been successfully applied to observational studies. Radiologists have already begun to make an impact in dentistry by using SR as a decision-making tool. Central to SR is establishment of a research question, selection criteria, a search plan, a literature search, an appraisal of the identified literature by the selection criteria; an analysis and a formulation of recommendations. With regard to the literature search, electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index, Lilacs), controlled subject headings, exploding and free-text searching, handsearching and the gray literature are discussed.
Ectopic parotid gland as an unusual cause of cheek swelling
Authors: Boyd D , Bates C , Macleod R I 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
There are numerous causes for chronic cheek swelling, including masseteric hypertrophy, lymphadenopathy, diffuse inflammatory changes and neoplasia. We report an unusual case where the swelling was the result of ectopic parotid tissue.