bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brain and Brown Adipose Tissue Metabolism in Transgenic Tg2576 Mice Models of Alzheimer Disease Assessed Using 18F-FDG PET Imaging
Authors: Coleman Robert A. , Liang Christopher , Patel Rima , Ali Sarah , Mukherjee Jogeshwar 
Published: May 2017

Objective: Imaging animal models of Alzheimer disease (AD) is useful for the development of therapeutic drugs and understanding AD. Transgenic Swedish hAPPswe Tg2576 mice are a good model of β-amyloid plaques. We report 18F-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of brain and intrascapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) in transgenic mice 2576 (Tg2576) and wild-type (WT) mice. Methods: Transgenic Tg2576 mice and WT mice, >18 months were injected intraperitonally with ≈ 25 to 30 MBq 18F-FDG while awake. After 60 minutes, they were anesthetized with isoflurane (2.5%) and imaged with Inveon MicroPET. Select mice were killed, imaged ex vivo, and 20 µm sections cut for autoradiography. 18F-FDG uptake in brain and IBAT PET and brain autoradiographs were analyzed. Results: Fasting blood glucose levels averaged 120 mg/dL for WT and 100 mg/dL for Tg2576. Compared to WT, Tg2576 mice exhibited a decrease in SUVglc in the various brain regions. Average reductions in the cerebrum regions were as high as −20%, while changes in cerebellum were −3%. Uptake of 18F-FDG in IBAT decreased by −60% in Tg2576 mice and was found to be significant. Intrascapular brown adipose tissue findings in Tg2576 mice are new and not previously reported. Use of blood glucose for PET data analysis and corpus callosum as reference region for autoradiographic analysis were important to detect change in Tg2576 mice. Conclusion: Our results suggest that 18F-FDG uptake in the Tg2576 mice brain show 18F-FDG deficits only when blood glucose is taken into consideration.
Factors associated with poor self-reported health within the UK military and comparisons with the general population: a cohort study
Authors: Jenkins Sarah C , Stevelink Sharon AM , Fear Nicola T 
Published: May 2017

Objective To investigate the self-rated health of the UK military and explore factors associated with poor self-rated health. Compare self-rated health of the military to the general population. Design A cohort study. Participants A total of 7626 serving and ex-serving UK military personnel, aged between 25 and 49; 19,452,300 civilians from England and Wales. Setting United Kingdom (military), England and Wales (civilians). Main outcome measures Self rated health for both populations. Additional data for the military sample included measures of symptoms of common mental disorder (General Health Questionnaire-12), probable post-traumatic stress disorder (post-traumatic stress disorder checklist Civilian Version), alcohol use (Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test), smoking behaviour, history of self-harm and body mass index. Results In the military sample, poor self-rated health was significantly associated with: common mental disorders and post-traumatic stress disorder symptomology, a history of self-harm, being obese, older age (ages 35–49) and current smoking status. However, the majority of military personnel report good health, with levels of poor self-rated health (13%) not significantly different to those reported by the general population (12.1%). Conclusions Self-rated health appears to relate to aspects of both physical and psychological health. The link between poor self-rated health and psychological ill-health emphasises the need for military support services to continue addressing mental health problems.
Zinc lozenges and the common cold: a meta-analysis comparing zinc acetate and zinc gluconate, and the role of zinc dosage
Authors: Hemilä Harri 
Published: May 2017

Objective To compare the efficacy of zinc acetate lozenges with zinc gluconate lozenges in common cold treatment and to examine the dose-dependency of the effect. Design Meta-analysis. Setting Placebo-controlled zinc lozenge trials, in which the zinc dose was > 75 mg/day. The pooled effect of zinc lozenges on common cold duration was calculated by using inverse-variance random-effects method. Participants Seven randomised trials with 575 participants with naturally acquired common colds. Main outcome measure Duration of the common cold. Results The mean common cold duration was 33% (95% CI 21% to 45%) shorter for the zinc groups of the seven included trials. Three trials that used lozenges composed of zinc acetate found that colds were shortened by 40% and four trials that used zinc gluconate by 28%. The difference between the two salts was not significant: 12 percentage points (95% CI: −12 to + 36). Five trials used zinc doses of 80–92 mg/day, common cold duration was reduced by 33%, and two trials used zinc doses of 192–207 mg/day and found an effect of 35%. The difference between the high-dose and low-dose zinc trials was not significant: 2 percentage points (95% CI: −29 to + 32). Conclusions Properly composed zinc gluconate lozenges may be as effective as zinc acetate lozenges. There is no evidence that zinc doses over 100 mg/day might lead to greater efficacy in the treatment of the common cold. Common cold patients may be encouraged to try zinc lozenges for treating their colds. The optimal lozenge composition and dosage scheme need to be investigated further.
ERS technical standard on bronchial challenge testing: general considerations and performance of methacholine challenge tests
Authors: Coates Allan L. , Wanger Jack , Cockcroft Donald W. , Culver Bruce H. ,   the Bronchoprovocation Testing Task Force, Carlsen Kai-Håkon , Diamant Zuzana , Gauvreau Gail , Hall Graham L. , Hallstrand Teal S. , Horvath Ildiko , de Jongh Frans H.C. , Joos Guy , Kaminsky David A. , Laube Beth L. , Leuppi Joerg D. , Sterk Peter J. 
Published: May 2017

This international task force report updates general considerations for bronchial challenge testing and the performance of the methacholine challenge test. There are notable changes from prior recommendations in order to accommodate newer delivery devices. Rather than basing the test result upon a methacholine concentration (provocative concentration (PC20) causing a 20% fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)), the new recommendations base the result upon the delivered dose of methacholine causing a 20% fall in FEV1(provocative dose (PD20)). This end-point allows comparable results from different devices or protocols, thus any suitable nebuliser or dosimeter may be used, so long as the delivery characteristics are known. Inhalation may be by tidal breathing using a breath-actuated or continuous nebuliser for 1 min (or more), or by a dosimeter with a suitable breath count. Tests requiring maximal inhalations to total lung capacity are not recommended because the bronchoprotective effect of a deep breath reduces the sensitivity of the test.
Breastfeeding, maternal asthma and wheezing in the first year of life: a longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Azad Meghan B. , Vehling Lorena , Lu Zihang , Dai David , Subbarao Padmaja , Becker Allan B. , Mandhane Piushkumar J. , Turvey Stuart E. , Lefebvre Diana L. , Sears Malcolm R. 
Published: May 2017

The impact of breastfeeding on respiratory health is uncertain, particularly when the mother has asthma. We examined the association of breastfeeding and wheezing in the first year of life.We studied 2773 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) birth cohort. Caregivers reported on infant feeding and wheezing episodes at 3, 6 and 12 months. Breastfeeding was classified as exclusive, partial (supplemented with formula or complementary foods) or none.Overall, 21% of mothers had asthma, 46% breastfed for at least 12 months and 21% of infants experienced wheezing. Among mothers with asthma, breastfeeding was inversely associated with infant wheezing, independent of maternal smoking, education and other risk factors (adjusted rate ratio (aRR) 0.52; 95% CI 0.35–0.77 for ≥12versus<6 months breastfeeding). Compared with no breastfeeding at 6 months, wheezing was reduced by 62% with exclusive breastfeeding (aRR 0.38; 95% CI 0.20–0.71) and by 37% with partial breastfeeding supplemented with complementary foods (aRR 0.63; 95% CI 0.43–0.93); however, breastfeeding was not significantly protective when supplemented with formula (aRR 0.89; 95% CI 0.61–1.30). Associations were not significant in the absence of maternal asthma (p-value for interaction <0.01).Breastfeeding appears to confer protection against wheezing in a dose-dependent manner among infants born to mothers with asthma.
IL-5 and IL-6 are increased in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis patients
Authors: Kubota Kazunori , Takeno Sachio , Taruya Takayuki , Sasaki Atsushi , Ishino Takashi , Hirakawa Katsuhiro 
Published: May 2017

Background Eosinophilic chronic frontal sinusitis is difficult to treat compared with non-eosinophilic sinusitis because of recurring inflammation and polyp formation in the frontal recess after the post-operative follow-up period. Studying inflammatory mediators in the frontal recess of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) patients and non-eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (non-ECRS) patients may lead to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of chronic frontal sinusitis. Methods Homogenates of sinonasal mucosa from 20 non-ECRS patients and 36 ECRS patients were measured for levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, interleukin (IL)-5, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) using real-time RT-PCR and TaqMan gene expression assays. Sinonasal mucosal specimens were obtained from the frontal recess, ethmoid sinus, and nasal polyp separately. Results The expression of IL-5 was significantly elevated in all sinonasal regions tested in the ECRS group, but absent in non-ECRS patients. Furthermore, the ECRS patients showed significantly increased levels of IL-5 in the frontal recess mucosa compared with ethmoid sinus mucosa. IL-6 was also significantly increased in the frontal recess mucosa compared with ethmoid sinus mucosa and nasal polyps in these patients. There were no significant differences in the levels of TGF-β or iNOS between the ECRS and non-ECRS groups in any sinonasal region tested. Conclusions This study is the first to characterize the cytokine milieu in the frontal recess of ECRS patients. We should keep these cytokine profiles in mind when we treat ECRS patients with frontal sinusitis.
An environmental transfer hub for multimodal atom probe tomography
Authors: Perea Daniel E. , Gerstl Stephan S. A. , Chin Jackson , Hirschi Blake , Evans James. E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEnvironmental control during transfer between instruments is required for samples sensitive to air or thermal exposure to prevent morphological or chemical changes prior to analysis. Atom probe tomography is a rapidly expanding technique for three-dimensional structural and chemical analysis, but commercial instruments remain limited to loading specimens under ambient conditions. In this study, we describe a multifunctional environmental transfer hub allowing controlled cryogenic or room-temperature transfer of specimens under atmospheric or vacuum pressure conditions between an atom probe and other instruments or reaction chambers. The utility of the environmental transfer hub is demonstrated through the acquisition of previously unavailable mass spectral analysis of an intact organic molecule made possible via controlled cryogenic transfer into the atom probe using the hub. The ability to prepare and transfer specimens in precise environments promises a means to access new science across many disciplines from untainted samples and allow downstream time-resolved in situ atom probe studies.
Therapeutic communities enter the world of evidence-based practice
Authors: Haigh Rex 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis editorial provides the modern-day context for a long-established psychiatric treatment, democratic therapeutic communities. As this treatment is now such a small field in psychiatry, readers may not have enough background to be able to place the research in a suitable context. This includes the previous gap in experimental research, the difference between the modern model and the one used in the 20th century and the general field of personality disorder evidence.
O valor da reinvenção [entrevistado por Adriana Wilner e Aline Lilian dos Santos]
Authors: Diniz Abilio 
Published: May 2017

Nos últimos anos, Abilio Diniz viveu grandes mudanças em sua vida empresarial. Deixou a presidência do Conselho de Administração do Grupo Pão de Açúcar em 2013, após uma ruidosa disputa com o Grupo Casino, assumiu a presidência do Conselho de Administração da BRF, resultado da fusão da Sadia com a Perdigão, e tornou-se o terceiro maior acionista e membro do Conselho do Grupo Carrefour. Apesar de tantas transformações terem trazido muito aprendizado ─ o que é narrado em seu livro Novos caminhos, novas escolhas, lançado em 2016 ─, sua visão de negócio não mudou. Acredita que o principal fundamento para qualquer empresa é escolher os profissionais corretamente, alocá-los de forma adequada e organizar processos. Formado na segunda turma de Administração de Empresas da FGV EAESP, em 1959, ele mantém uma relação muito forte com a instituição, sendo professor do curso Liderança 360º e compartilhando seu conhecimento com os alunos. Aos 80 anos, Abilio diz que vive seu momento de maior reinvenção. Pai de Maria, João Paulo, Pedro Paulo e Adriana, frutos de seu primeiro casamento, teve mais dois filhos com sua segunda esposa, Geyze: Rafaela, de 10 anos, e Miguel, de 7. Apesar do temperamento forte, de quem admite não aceitar derrotas, hoje o empresário parece encarar os desafios profissionais de forma mais lúdica. Exemplo disso é como define sua experiência na Península Participações, empresa de investimentos de sua família:“divertida” e “de mais inspiração do que transpiração”. Nessa entrevista exclusiva à GV-executivo, Abilio revela seu modo de lidar com os negócios, dá dicas de como gerenciar momentos de crise, opina sobre a nova geração de líderes, mostra sua visão de mercado e fala das expectativas para o futuro.
Cardiovascular involvement and manifestations of systemic Chikungunya virus infection: A systematic review
Authors: Alvarez María Fernanda , Bolívar-Mejía Adrián , Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J. , Ramirez-Vallejo Eduardo 
Published: May 2017

Background: In the last three years, chikungunya virus disease has been spreading, affecting particularly the Americas, producing more than two million cases. In this setting, not only new disease-related epidemiological patterns have been found, but also new clinical findings have been reported by different research groups. These include findings on the cardiovascular system, including clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic alterations. No previous systemic reviews have been found in major databases about it. Methods: We performed a systematic review looking for reports about cardiovascular compromise during chikungunya disease. Cardiac compromise is not so common in isolated episodes; but countries where chikungunya virus is an epidemic should be well informed about this condition. We used 6 bibliographical databases as resources: Medline/Pubmed, Embase, ScienceDirect, ClinicalKey, Ovid and SciELO. Dengue reports on cardiovascular compromise were included as well, to compare both arbovirus’ organic compromises. Articles that delved mainly into the rheumatic articular and cutaneous complications were not considered, as they were not in line with the purpose of this study. The type of articles included were reviews, meta-analyses, case-controls, cohort studies, case reports and case series. This systematic review does not reach or performed a meta-analysis. Results: Originally based on 737 articles, our reviewed selected 40 articles with 54.2% at least mentioning CHIKV cardiovascular compromise within the systemic compromise. Cardiovascular manifestations can be considered common and have been reported in France, India, Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Colombia, Venezuela and USA, including mainly, but no limited to: hypotension, shock and circulatory collapse, Raynaud phenomenon, arrhythmias, murmurs, myocarditis, dilated cardiomyopathy, congestive insufficiency, heart failure and altered function profile (Troponins, CPK). Conclusions: Physicians should be encouraged to keep divulgating reports on the cardiovascular involvement of chikungunya virus disease, to raise awareness and ultimately encourage suitable diagnosis and intervention worldwide. More research about cardiovascular involvement and manifestations of systemic Chikungunya virus infection is urgently needed.
On Buyer Selection of Service Providers in Online Outsourcing Platforms for IT Services
Authors: Hong Yili , Pavlou Paul A. 
Published: May 2017

The Internet has presumably created a level playing field that allows any service provider across the globe to compete for contracts on online outsourcing platforms for information technology (IT) services. In this paper, we empirically examine (a) how country (language, time zone, cultural) differences and the country’s IT development affect buyers’ selection of service providers in online outsourcing platforms; and (b) how the reputation of service providers moderates the proposed effects of country differences and the country’s IT development. We integrated a unique data set formed by a sample of 11,541 software development projects from an online outsourcing platform matched with archival sources on the language, time zone, culture, and IT development of countries. Since price is typically endogenous in any supply demand system, we used the exogenous variation of the normalized exchange rate of the currency among countries, as a “cost-shifter” type instrumental variable (IV) for econometric identification. Our panel data analyses results (both with and without IV) show that buyers are negatively affected by country differences in terms of language, time zone, and culture, and prefer service providers from countries with higher IT development. Notably, the reputation of service providers attenuates the negative effects of language and cultural (but not time zone) differences, while it substitutes the positive effect of the country’s IT development. We discuss the study’s theoretical and managerial implications for understanding the global dynamics of online outsourcing platforms and better designing these platforms. The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0709 .
Estimating Search Benefits from Path-Tracking Data: Measurement and Determinants
Authors: Seiler Stephan , Pinna Fabio 
Published: May 2017

We study consumer search behavior in a brick-and-mortar store environment, using a unique data set obtained from radio-frequency identification tags, which are attached to supermarket shopping carts. This technology allows us to record consumers’ purchases as well as the time they spent in front of the shelf when contemplating which product to buy, giving us a direct measure of search effort. We estimate a linear regression of price paid on search duration, in which search duration is instrumented with a search-cost shifter. We show that this regression allows us to recover the marginal return from search in terms of price at the optimal stopping point for the average consumer. Our identification strategy and coefficient interpretation are valid for a broad class of search models, and we are hence able to remain agnostic about the details of the search process, such as search order and search protocol. We estimate an average return from search of $2.10 per minute and explore heterogeneity across consumer types, product categories, and category location in the store. We find little difference in the returns from search across product categories, but large differences across consumer types and locations. Our findings suggest that situational factors, such as the location of the category or the timing of the search within the shopping trip, are more important determinants of search behavior than category characteristics such as the number of available products. Data are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2017.1026 .
Primary giant aggressive amelanotic duodenal melanoma
Authors: Kilambi R , Singh AN , Dash NR , Madhusudhan KS , Das P 
Published: May 2017

Primary malignant melanoma of the gastrointestinal tract is extremely rare. A 35-year-old man presented with complaints of abdominal pain and weight loss. Contrast enhanced computed tomography showed a large mass involving the duodenum and the superior mesenteric vessels. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy demonstrated a large, friable mass along the duodenal wall and biopsy was suggestive of malignant melanoma. A detailed physical examination and whole body imaging (positron emission tomography and computed tomography) did not reveal any other lesion. The patient underwent a pancreaticoduodenectomy with segmental resection and anastomosis of the superior mesenteric vein as well as a segmental colectomy. His postoperative recovery was uneventful. The histopathology of the operative specimen showed a malignant amelanotic melanoma arising from the duodenum with lymph nodal involvement. He received oral temozolomide. However, he developed liver metastasis at six months and again at ten months, which was managed with radiofrequency ablation both times. He is doing well at 32 months of follow-up review. Multimodality treatment including surgery, adjuvant chemotherapy and salvage therapy appears to be a promising tool for achieving long-term survival in such patients.
Can laparoscopy be part of a paediatric surgery outreach service?
Authors: Peeraully R , Hill R , Colliver D , Williams A , Motiwale S , Davies B 
Published: May 2017

INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to assess the outreach laparoscopic service delivered by four paediatric surgeons to a district general hospital (DGH). METHODS A retrospective review was carried out of all laparoscopic procedures performed in a single DGH between January 2004 and November 2014 by the four paediatric surgeons providing the outreach service. All operations were identified from the electronic theatre system and archived correspondence. Demographic and clinical details were obtained from contemporaneous records. RESULTS Over the 11-year study period, 1,339 operations were performed as part of the outreach paediatric surgery service, with 128 patients (9.6%) undergoing laparoscopy. The indications for laparoscopic surgery were impalpable unilateral or bilateral undescended testes (UDT) (n=79, 62%) or request for insertion of a feeding gastrostomy (n=49, 38%). All but six UDT cases (96%) were performed as day surgery and the median length of stay for gastrostomy patients was 3 days (interquartile range: 2–3 days). There were three UDT cases with surgical complications and one had complications related to the anaesthesia. One gastrostomy case required transfer to our tertiary centre for management of postoperative urinary retention and urethral injury. CONCLUSIONS Elective laparoscopic procedures in young children can be provided safely as components of an outreach paediatric surgery service in a DGH setting as part of an increasing volume of operations performed by specialist paediatric surgeons. This enables children to have a high quality service as close to their home as possible.