bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Aspergillosis: 2016 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Authors: Patterson Thomas F. , Thompson George R. , Denning David W. , Fishman Jay A. , Hadley Susan , Herbrecht Raoul , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Marr Kieren A. , Morrison Vicki A. , Nguyen M. Hong , Segal Brahm H. , Steinbach William J. , Stevens David A. , Walsh Thomas J. , Wingard John R. , Young Jo-Anne H. , Bennett John E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is important to realize that guidelines cannot always account for individual variation among patients. They are not intended to supplant physician judgment with respect to particular patients or special clinical situations. IDSA considers adherence to these guidelines to be voluntary, with the ultimate determination regarding their application to be made by the physician in the light of each patient's individual circumstances.
Geometrical beaming of stellar mass ULXs
Authors: Middleton Matthew J. , King Andrew 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The presence or lack of eclipses in the X-ray light curves of ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) can be directly linked to the accreting system geometry. In the case where the compact object is stellar mass and radiates isotropically, we should expect eclipses by a main-sequence to sub-giant secondary star on the recurrence time-scale of hours to days. X-ray light curves are now available for large numbers of ULXs as a result of the latest XMM–Newton catalogue. We determine the amount of fractional variability that should be injected into an otherwise featureless light curve for a given set of system parameters as a result of eclipses and compare this to the available data. We find that the vast majority of sources for which the variability has been measured to be non-zero and for which available observations meet the criteria for eclipse searches, have fractional variabilities which are too low to derive from eclipses and so must be viewed such that θ ≤ cos− 1(R*/a). This would require that the disc subtends a larger angle than that of the secondary star and is therefore consistent with a conical outflow formed from super-critical accretion rates and implies some level of geometrical beaming in ULXs.
Evidence for quasi-periodic oscillations in the optical polarization of the blazar PKS 2155–304
Authors: Pekeur N. W. , Taylor A. R. , Potter S. B. , Kraan-Korteweg R. C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Evidence for the presence of quasi-periodic oscillations (QPOs) in the optical polarization of the blazar PKS 2155–304, during a period of enhanced gamma-ray brightness, is presented. The periodogram of the polarized flux revealed the existence of a prominent peak at T ∼ 13 min, detected at &gt;99.7 per cent significance, and T ∼ 30 min, which was nominally significant at &gt;99 per cent. This is the first evidence of QPOs in the polarization of an active galactic nucleus, potentially opening up a new avenue of studying this phenomenon.
Fatty acid oxidation is required for the respiration and proliferation of malignant glioma cells
Authors: Lin Hua , Patel Shaan , Affleck Valerie S. , Wilson Ian , Turnbull Douglass M. , Joshi Abhijit R. , Maxwell Ross , Stoll Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background.
Glioma is the most common form of primary malignant brain tumor in adults, with approximately 4 cases per 100 000 people each year. Gliomas, like many tumors, are thought to primarily metabolize glucose for energy production; however, the reliance upon glycolysis has recently been called into question. In this study, we aimed to identify the metabolic fuel requirements of human glioma cells.

Methods.
We used database searches and tissue culture resources to evaluate genotype and protein expression, tracked oxygen consumption rates to study metabolic responses to various substrates, performed histochemical techniques and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based mitotic profiling to study cellular proliferation rates, and employed an animal model of malignant glioma to evaluate a new therapeutic intervention.

Results.
We observed the presence of enzymes required for fatty acid oxidation within human glioma tissues. In addition, we demonstrated that this metabolic pathway is a major contributor to aerobic respiration in primary-cultured cells isolated from human glioma and grown under serum-free conditions. Moreover, inhibiting fatty acid oxidation reduces proliferative activity in these primary-cultured cells and prolongs survival in a syngeneic mouse model of malignant glioma.

Conclusions.
Fatty acid oxidation enzymes are present and active within glioma tissues. Targeting this metabolic pathway reduces energy production and cellular proliferation in glioma cells. The drug etomoxir may provide therapeutic benefit to patients with malignant glioma. In addition, the expression of fatty acid oxidation enzymes may provide prognostic indicators for clinical practice.
Three-dimensional distribution of the ISM in the Milky Way Galaxy. IV. 3D molecular fraction and Galactic-scale H i-to-H2 transition
Authors: Sofue Yoshiaki , Nakanishi Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the volume-density molecular fraction, defined by $f_{\rm mol}^\rho =\rho _{\rm H_2}/(\rho _{\rm H\,{\small {I}}}+\rho _{\rm H_2})$, is studied in the Milky Way Galaxy. The molecular front appears at galacto-centric distance of R ∼ 8 kpc, where the galactic-scale phase transition from atomic to molecular hydrogen occurs with $f_{\rm mol}^\rho$ dropping from ∼0.8 to 0.2 within a radial interval as narrow as ∼0.5 kpc. The $f_{\rm mol}^\rho$ front is much sharper than that of the surface density molecular fraction. The $f_{\rm mol}^\rho$ front also appears in the direction vertical to the galactic plane with a full width of the high-$f_{\rm mol}^\rho$ disk to be ∼100 pc. The radial and vertical $f_{\rm mol}^\rho$ profiles, particularly the front behavior, are fitted by theoretical curves calculated using the observed density profile and assumed radiation field and metallicity with exponential gradients. The molecular fraction was found to be enhanced along spiral arms at radii R ∼ 6 to 10 kpc, such as the Perseus arm. This implies that the molecular clouds are produced from H i in the arms and are dissociated in the interarm regions in the transition region around the molecular front. We also show that there is a threshold value of mean H i density, over which H i is transformed into molecular gas.
IL-1α induces cathepsin K in oral cancer cells – the invasion is unaffected
Authors: Bitu Carolina C. , Al-Samadi Ahmed , Alanärä Tuukka , Karhumaa Hennaliina , Viitasaari Pirjo , L.S. Tersariol Ivarne , Dupart Nascimento Fábio , Salo Tuula 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundTo study cathepsin K location in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC), its traffic and expression levels in cultured oral cell lines; and to analyze the effect of interleukin (IL)-1α on OTSCC invasion.MethodsCathepsin K expression in OTSCC tissue samples was analyzed with immunostaining; its intracellular traffic was followed in HSC-3 cells after PMA treatment. HSC-3 and two oral keratinocyte cell lines, oral carcinoma associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and primary gingival fibroblasts (GF) were treated with IL-1α. Cathepsin K expression was measured using PCR and ELISA. Lastly, the effects of IL-1α on HSC-3 invasiveness, alone and in co-cultures with fibroblasts in the 3D myoma invasion model, were determined.ResultsCathepsin K in OTSCC cells was found in vesicles close to cell membrane and within exosomes. While cathepsin K was expressed at the basal level in both epithelial cells and fibroblasts, basal IL-1α levels were higher in epithelial cells compared with GFs and CAFs. Cathepsin K expression was slightly induced by IL-1α in all cell lines, but it did not affect HSC-3 invasiveness.ConclusionIn OTSCC, cathepsin K remains mostly intracellular and it is slightly secreted within exosomes. IL-1α treatment has no effect on HSC-3 invasiveness in 3D myoma model.
Democratizing DNA Fingerprinting
Authors: Zaaijer Sophie , Gordon Assaf , Piccone Robert , Speyer Daniel , Erlich Yaniv 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report a rapid, inexpensive, and portable strategy to re-identify human DNA using the MinION, a miniature sequencing sensor by Oxford Nanopore Technologies. Our strategy requires only 10-30 minutes of MinION sequencing, works with low input DNA, and enables familial searches. We also show that it can re-identify individuals from Direct-to-Consumer genomic datasets that are publicly available. We discuss potential forensic applications as well as the legal and ethical implications of a democratized DNA fingerprinting strategy available to the public.
The variable ELF3 polyglutamine tract mediates complex epistatic interactions in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors:   Maximilian Oliver Press, Queitsch Christine 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTShort tandem repeats are hypervariable genetic elements that occur frequently in coding regions. Their high mutation rate readily generates genetic variation contributing to adaptive evolution and human diseases. We recently proposed that short tandem repeats are likely to engage in epistasis because they are well-positioned to compensate for genetic variation arising at other loci due to their high mutation rate. We previously reported that natural ELF3 polyglutamine variants cause reciprocal genetic incompatibilities in two divergentArabidopsis thalianabackgrounds. Here, we dissected the genetic architecture of this incompatibility and used a yeast two-hybrid strategy to identify proteins whose physical interactions with ELF3 were modulated by polyglutamine tract length. Using these two orthogonal approaches, we identify specific genetic interactions and physical mechanisms by which theELF3polyglutamine tract may mediate the observed genetic incompatibilities. Our work elucidates how short tandem repeat variation, which is generally underascertained in population-scale sequencing, can contribute to phenotypic variation. Furthermore, our results support our proposal that highly variable STR loci can contribute disproportionately to the epistatic component of heritability.
Apprenticeship as a mode of learning and model of education
Authors: Billett Stephen 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– Apprenticeships are now usually seen as a model of education focused on occupational preparation, albeit manifested in different ways across nation states. However, throughout human history, the majority of occupational preparation has been premised upon apprenticeship as a mode of learning. That is, a preparation arising mainly through apprentices’ active and interdependent engagement in their work, rather than being taught or directly guided by more experienced practitioners. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approach– A review of literature.Findings– A way of considering apprenticeship as a mode of learning as well as a model of education.Research limitations/implications– Three elements of considering and supporting apprenticeship as a mode of learning.Practical implications– Practice curriculum, practice pedagogies and personal epistemology.Social implications– A way of considering apprenticeship as a mode of learning as well as a model of education.Originality/value– A way of considering apprenticeship as a mode of learning as well as a model of education.
“Breaking the word” and “sticking with the picture”
Authors: Park Jie Y. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to illustrate how first-generation immigrant youth who are English language learners respond to graphic novels and what literacies they acquire from reading and discussing graphic texts.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is based on qualitative discourse data collected from an afterschool program with five high-school-aged English-language learners and their teacher. The afterschool program is centered on reading and discussing graphic novels.

Findings
Transcript analysis showed that the girls, even while working to “break” the written code, were engaged in critical analysis. In other words, English learners’ struggles to decode the words did not hinder them in assuming the role of a text analyst, and in questioning the creator’s message, purposes and worldviews.

Research limitations/implications
This paper, which draws on an approach wherein the researcher pays close attention to immigrant youth as language users and meaning makers, can inform the methodologies of literacy and language researchers.

Practical implications
The paper can also inform the work of educators who are interested in pedagogical supports – texts and practices – that promote powerful language and literacy.

Originality/value
This paper is timely, given not only the challenges and possibilities associated with educating recent-arrival immigrant youth and English-language learners, but also the growing interest by language and literacy educators in the role of multimodal texts for developing multiple and critical literacies of all students.
How to identify housing bubbles? A decision support model
Authors: Pitros Charalambos , Arayici Yusuf 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a decision support model for the early diagnosis of housing bubbles in the UK during the maturity process of the phenomenon.Design/methodology/approachThe development process of the model is divided into four stages. These stages are driven by the normal distribution theorem coupled with the case study approach. The application of normal distribution theory is allowed through the usage of several parametric tools. The case studies tested in this research include the last two UK housing bubbles, 1986 to 1989 and 2001/2002 to 2007. The central hypothesis of the model is that during housing bubbles, all speculative activities of market participants follow an approximate synchronisation, and therefore, an irrational, synchronous and periodic increase on a wide range of relevant variables must occur to anticipate the bubble component. An empirical application of the model is conducted on UK housing market data over the period of 1983-2011.FindingsThe new approach successfully identifies the well-known UK historical bubble episodes over the period of 1983-2011. The study further determines that for uncovering housing bubbles in the UK, house price changes have the same weight with the debt–burden ratio when their velocity is positive. Finally, the application of this model has led us to conclude that the model’s outputs fluctuate approximately in line with phases of the UK real estate cycle.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a new measure for studying the presence of housing bubbles. This measure is not simply an ex post detection technique but dating algorithms that use data only up to the point of analysis for an on-going bubble assessment, giving an early warning diagnostic that can assist market participants and regulators in market monitoring.
Application of artificial neural network to loan recovery prediction
Authors: Adewusi Amos Olaolu , Oyedokun Tunbosun Biodun , Bello Mustapha Oyewole 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis study assesses the classification accuracy of an artificial neural network (ANN) model. It examines the application of loan recovery probability rather than odds of default as the case with traditional credit evaluation models.Design/methodology/approachData on 2,300 loans granted over the period 2001-2012 was obtained from the databases of Nigerian commercial banks and primary mortgage institutions. A multilayer feed-forward ANN model with back-propagation learning algorithm was developed having classified the sample into training (38 per cent), testing (41 per cent) and validation (21 per cent) sub-samples.FindingsThe model exhibits a high overall percentage classification accuracy of 92.6 per cent. It also achieves relatively low misclassification Type I and Type II errors at 6.5 per cent and 8.2 per cent, respectively. Macroeconomic variables such as gross domestic product, inflation and interest rates have the strongest influence on the ANN model classification power. The result of the analysis shows that adopting odds of recovery in ANN classification models can lead to improved loan evaluation.Originality/valueThe paper is distinct from extant studies in that it presents a new dimension to loan evaluation in Nigerian lending market. To the best knowledge of the authors, the paper is among the first to explore probability of loan recovery as the basis for credit evaluation in the country.
China’s diversifying demand for housing for the elderly
Authors: Jia Min , Heath Timothy 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the trends among the elderly population in China about residential preferences and policy applications, as the elderly is a rapidly expanding demographic group that has increasing and diversifying inclinations for demanding the residential facilities for the elderly (RFEs) now and in the foreseeable future.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on a review of the existing literature and policies, a model is conceptualised for understanding the demands of the elderly. Their needs for functional supportiveness and richness of residential resources in RFEs are then categorised into focal groups.

Findings
The Chinese elderly’s demand for specialised residential facilities is under a shift from seeking deficit relief to pursuing personal choices. It is suggested that there will be a continuing demand for affordable RFEs from a number of key focal groups, including: the functionally impaired; marginally housed; socially isolated; and the elderly requiring social relief. In addition, retirement housing in China is likely to be more affordable for the next elderly generation. However, the immature social welfare system and low average income level of the current elderly generation means that the Chinese Government has tough decisions to make about service priorities.

Practical implications
Policy and investment priorities may have to be inclusive of those who demand social relief (free-of-charge) and affordable professional long-term care in RFEs, whereas the rest of the demand could be released by growth in the development of community- and home-based service systems.

Originality/value
This study is one of the first to identify the diversifying demands of age-exclusive living facilities for the elderly that deserve priorities in China. The results can inform and guide future policy and project investment in China.
How successful organizations drive innovation
Authors: Ikeda Kazuaki , Marshall Anthony 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
The authors analyze IBM research and outline how the most successful established organizations approach innovation and prescribe specific strategies that can help all organizations innovate like an outperformer.

Design/methodology/approach
In a 2014 survey of more than 1,000 C-suite executives and their direct reports, we found that the most successful organizations approach innovation differently.

Findings
The top six percent of organizations in both operating efficiency and revenue growth pursue distinct strategies in innovation organization, culture and process.

Practical Implications
For today’s business leaders, innovation blends the art and science of anticipating the future. It requires understanding what the full potential of new technologies will be, of knowing what customers need and want, even before they know it themselves. And it requires building organizational and ecosystem-wide capabilities to execute and deliver. Successful organizations align innovation activities with business objectives, and they are not afraid to experiment.

Originality/value
Outlines the best practices of the most successful innovators. For example, these, organizations align innovation activities directly with business objectives, pursue “open” innovation structures and create specialized innovation teams. They also source new ideas from diverse locations, often leveraging big data and analytics; innovation is funded separately and measured rigorously.
Promoting learning and innovation in organizations through complexity leadership theory
Authors: Mendes M. , Gomes C. , Marques-Quinteiro P. , Lind P. , Curral L. 
Published: July 2016

PurposeCurrent organizations face a complex competitive landscape driven by globalization and technology that puts them in the course of a new economic age. This complexity stresses learning and innovation as fundamental mechanisms for organizational survival. This paper aims to propose that how learning and innovation emerge and affect organizational performance can be better understood through the complexity leadership theory.Design/methodology/approachThe authors review literature on complexity leadership theory, learning and innovation in complex bureaucratic environments and then present reflections regarding how learning and innovation can be achieved through the interaction of three complexity leadership functions: adaptive, administrative and enabling. This conceptual framework suggests that individuals are in constant interaction, exchange information, influence each other and collectively produce emergent properties that promote effective learning and innovation.FindingsWe propose that learning and innovation can be better achieved in organizations if the complexity leadership theory is applied as an alternative to centralized forms of influence and control.Originality/valueThis paper presents a reflection on the benefits of the complexity leadership theory as an alternative framework to understand organizational leadership. Furthermore, this paper proposes that the complexity leadership theory is more adequate to generate learning and innovation in complex, fast-changing work environments.
Conflict management and performance of information technology development teams
Authors: Nesterkin Dmitriy , Porterfield Tobin 
Published: July 2016

PurposeThis research aims to investigate how team support and cohesion channel the effects of relationship conflict and its management on team productivity.Design/methodology/approachQuestionnaire data were sampled from students working in groups to design software systems for companies. Structural equation methodology was used to estimate the proposed model.FindingsThe results indicate that the mediators (team support and cohesion) positively affect each other and team performance. The results support that the effects of conflict and conflict management on team performance are mediated by team support first and then indirectly through team cohesion.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper empirically establishes the mechanisms through which conflict and its management affect team performance. The following limitations should be considered when generalizing the results of the study: team-level phenomena were assessed using perceived measures of individual team members and an academic setting was used for data collection.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate that team support plays an important role in protecting the team from the negative effects of conflict and that team support contributes to the development of team cohesion.Originality/valueThis work is one of the first to evaluate the mechanisms of team support and cohesion through which team conflict and its management affect team performance.