bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide-Assisted Process for Well-Dispersed Silicon/Graphene Composite as a Li ion Battery Anode
Authors: Lee Sang Ha , Park Sengyoen , Kim Min , Yoon Dohyeon , Chanthad Chalathorn , Cho Misuk , Kim Jaehoon , Park Jong Hyeok , Lee Youngkwan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe silicon (Si)/graphene composite has been touted as one of the most promising anode materials for lithium ion batteries. However, the optimal fabrication method for this composite remains a challenge. Here, we developed a novel method using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) to intercalate Si nanoparticles into graphene nanosheets. Silicon was modified with a thin layer of polyaniline, which assisted the dispersion of graphene sheets by introducing π-π interaction. Using scCO2, well-dispersed Si/graphene composite was successfully obtained in a short time under mild temperature. The composite showed high cycle performance (1,789 mAh/g after 250 cycles) and rate capability (1,690 mAh/g at a current density of 4,000 mA/g). This study provides a new approach for cost-effective and scalable preparation of a Si/graphene composite using scCO2 for a highly stable lithium battery anode material.
Denning habits of free-ranging dogs reveal preference for human proximity
Authors: Sen Majumder Sreejani , Paul Manabi , Sau Shubhra , Bhadra Anindita 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDens are crucial in the early development of many mammals, making den site selection an important component of parental care in such species. Resource availability and shelter from predators primarily govern den selection. Species inhabiting human-dominated landscapes typically den away from human disturbance, often shifting dens to avoid humans during the early life of their young. Domesticated dogs have evolved in human proximity over centuries, being bred and reared in human homes for generations. While pets rely on their owners for shelter and care, free-ranging dogs roam uncared and typically whelp in dens. We conducted a study on 148 free-ranging dog dens in India to understand their denning habits. Distance from resources influenced den choice, but anthropogenic disturbance did not. Dens were found in areas of high human activity and begging from humans was preferred over scavenging. A study on 15 pregnant females revealed that females actively searched for denning sites, rejecting several intermediate ones before selecting the final den. We propose that the obvious preference of dogs for denning close to humans is a behavioural adaptation that helps them to survive in the urban landscape, in spite of the high human induced mortality during the early life of pups.
pH drop impacts differentially skin and gut microbiota of the Amazonian fish tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum)
Authors: Sylvain François-Étienne , Cheaib Bachar , Llewellyn Martin , Gabriel Correia Tiago , Barros Fagundes Daniel , Luis Val Adalberto , Derome Nicolas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAquatic organisms are increasingly exposed to lowering of environmental pH due to anthropogenic pressure (e.g. acid rain, acid mine drainages). Such acute variations trigger imbalance of fish-associated microbiota, which in turn favour opportunistic diseases. We used the tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), an Amazonian fish tolerant to significant pH variation in its natural environment, to assess the response of fish endogenous microbiota to acute short-term acid stress. We exposed 36 specimens of tambaquis to acidic water (pH 4.0) over 2 consecutive weeks and sampled cutaneous mucus, feces and water at 0, 7 & 14 days. The 16S RNA hypervariable region V4 was sequenced on Illumina MiSeq. After two weeks of acidic exposure, fecal and skin microbiota taxonomic structures exhibited different patterns: skin microbiota was still exhibiting a significantly disturbed composition whereas fecal microbiota recovered a similar composition to control group, thus suggesting a stronger resilience capacity of the intestinal microbiota than cutaneous microbiota.
Resonant Zener tunnelling via zero-dimensional states in a narrow gap diode
Authors: Di Paola D. M. , Kesaria M. , Makarovsky O. , Velichko A. , Eaves L. , Mori N. , Krier A. , Patanè A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractInterband tunnelling of carriers through a forbidden energy gap, known as Zener tunnelling, is a phenomenon of fundamental and technological interest. Its experimental observation in the Esaki p-n semiconductor diode has led to the first demonstration and exploitation of quantum tunnelling in a condensed matter system. Here we demonstrate a new type of Zener tunnelling that involves the resonant transmission of electrons through zero-dimensional (0D) states. In our devices, a narrow quantum well of the mid-infrared (MIR) alloy In(AsN) is placed in the intrinsic (i) layer of a p-i-n diode. The incorporation of nitrogen in the quantum well creates 0D states that are localized on nanometer lengthscales. These levels provide intermediate states that act as “stepping stones” for electrons tunnelling across the diode and give rise to a negative differential resistance (NDR) that is weakly dependent on temperature. These electron transport properties have potential for the development of nanometre-scale non-linear components for electronics and MIR photonics.
Dynamics of the formation of a hydrogel by a pathogenic amyloid peptide: islet amyloid polypeptide
Authors: Jean Létitia , Lee Chiu Fan , Hodder Peter , Hawkins Nick , Vaux David J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMany chronic degenerative diseases result from aggregation of misfolded polypeptides to form amyloids. Many amyloidogenic polypeptides are surfactants and their assembly can be catalysed by hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces (an air-water interface in-vitro or membranes in-vivo). We recently demonstrated the specificity of surface-induced amyloidogenesis but the mechanisms of amyloidogenesis and more specifically of adsorption at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces remain poorly understood. Thus, it is critical to determine how amyloidogenic polypeptides behave at interfaces. Here we used surface tensiometry, rheology and electron microscopy to demonstrate the complex dynamics of gelation by full-length human islet amyloid polypeptide (involved in type II diabetes) both in the bulk solution and at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces (air-water interface and phospholipids). We show that the hydrogel consists of a 3D supramolecular network of fibrils. We also assessed the role of solvation and dissected the evolution over time of the assembly processes. Amyloid gelation could have important pathological consequences for membrane integrity and cellular functions.
Detecting a hierarchical genetic population structure via Multi-InDel markers on the X chromosome
Authors: Fan Guang Yao , Ye Yi , Hou Yi Ping 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDetecting population structure and estimating individual biogeographical ancestry are very important in population genetics studies, biomedical research and forensics. Single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) has long been considered to be a primary ancestry-informative marker (AIM), but it is constrained by complex and time-consuming genotyping protocols. Following up on our previous study, we propose that a multi-insertion-deletion polymorphism (Multi-InDel) with multiple haplotypes can be useful in ancestry inference and hierarchical genetic population structures. A validation study for the X chromosome Multi-InDel marker (X-Multi-InDel) as a novel AIM was conducted. Genetic polymorphisms and genetic distances among three Chinese populations and 14 worldwide populations obtained from the 1000 Genomes database were analyzed. A Bayesian clustering method (STRUCTURE) was used to discern the continental origins of Europe, East Asia, and Africa. A minimal panel of ten X-Multi-InDels was verified to be sufficient to distinguish human ancestries from three major continental regions with nearly the same efficiency of the earlier panel with 21 insertion-deletion AIMs. Along with the development of more X-Multi-InDels, an approach using this novel marker has the potential for broad applicability as a cost-effective tool toward more accurate determinations of individual biogeographical ancestry and population stratification.
Substantial Reduction of Parenchymal Cerebral Blood Flow in Mice with Bilateral Common Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: Hattori Yorito , Enmi Jun-ichiro , Iguchi Satoshi , Saito Satoshi , Yamamoto Yumi , Nagatsuka Kazuyuki , Iida Hidehiro , Ihara Masafumi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS) mouse model, which replicates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion and white matter ischemic lesions, is considered to model some aspects of vascular cognitive impairment. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) changes in the brain surface post-BCAS have been demonstrated by laser speckle flowmetry, but CBF levels in the brain parenchyma remain unknown. Adult C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to BCAS using external microcoils. Brain magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was conducted to visualize the intracranial main arteries while arterial spin labeling (ASL) was used to measure cortical and subcortical parenchymal CBF levels before and after BCAS. Brain MRA showed anterior circulation flow was substantially decreased until 14 days post-BCAS, which gradually but incompletely recovered over the following 14 days, with probable growth of collaterals from the posterior cerebral artery. ASL showed that cortical and subcortical parenchymal CBF remained decreased at approximately 50% of the baseline level during 1 and 14 days post-BCAS, recovering to approximately 70% at day 28. CBF levels in the parenchyma were lower than the cortical superficial region in the BCAS model and remained decreased without recovery during the first 2 weeks post-BCAS. These results suggest that the BCAS model reliably replicates chronic cerebral hypoperfusion.
Using Spaced Retrieval With External Aids to Improve Use of Compensatory Strategies During Eating for Persons With Dementia
Authors: Benigas Jeanette E. , Bourgeois Michelle 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This study was designed to determine whether spaced retrieval (SR), when paired with an external memory aid, is an effective technique to teach persons with dementia to use compensatory swallowing strategies. A secondary purpose was to learn whether speech-language pathologists naive to the study aims would judge posttraining sessions as improved, or safer, in comparison to baseline sessions, thereby validating the changes in behavior due to SR training to use external aids during meals.

Method
A multiple baseline design across behaviors was used to evaluate the effects of teaching compensatory swallowing behaviors (i.e., chin tuck, alternation of liquids and solids, lingual/finger sweep) to 5 nursing home residents diagnosed with dementia and coexisting dysphagia.

Results
SR training with the use of a visual aid was functionally related to improvements in 2–3 compensatory swallowing behaviors for each of the 5 participants.

Conclusions
Study outcomes paired with social validation ratings demonstrated that persons with dementia could learn compensatory swallowing behaviors for perceived safety during intake. Because participants were eating in a quiet and controlled environment, generalization to the typical dining environment remains unknown, and further research is needed to investigate the long-term impact of this training protocol.
A Synthesis of Relevant Literature on the Development of Emotional Competence: Implications for Design of Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems
Authors: Na Ji Young , Wilkinson Krista , Karny Meredith , Blackstone Sarah , Stifter Cynthia 
Published: August 2016

Purpose

Emotional competence
refers to the ability to identify, respond to, and manage one's own and others' emotions. Emotional competence is critical to many functional outcomes, including making and maintaining friends, academic success, and community integration. There appears to be a link between the development of language and the development of emotional competence in children who use speech. Little information is available about these issues in children who rely on augmentative and alternative communication (AAC). In this article, we consider how AAC systems can be designed to support communication about emotions and the development of emotional competence.

Method
Because limited research exists on communication about emotions in a context of aided AAC, theory and research from other fields (e.g., psychology, linguistics, child development) is reviewed to identify key features of emotional competence and their possible implications for AAC design and intervention.

Results
The reviewed literature indicated that the research and clinical attention to emotional competence in children with disabilities is encouraging. However, the ideas have not been considered specifically in the context of aided AAC. On the basis of the reviewed literature, we offer practical suggestions for system design and AAC use for communication about emotions with children who have significant disabilities. Three key elements of discussing emotions (i.e., emotion name, reason, and solution) are suggested for inclusion in order to provide these children with opportunities for a full range of discussion about emotions.

Conclusions
We argue that supporting communication about emotions is as important for children who use AAC as it is for children who are learning speech. This article offers a means to integrate information from other fields for the purpose of enriching AAC supports.
Language Variation and Theory of Mind in Typical Development: An Exploratory Study of School-Age African American Narrators
Authors: Mills Monique T. , Fox Monica 
Published: August 2016

PurposeThe intent of this study was to explore the relation between language variation and theory of mind (ToM) in African American child narrators.MethodFifty children produced a narrative on the basis of the wordless book,Frog, Where Are You?ToM was assessed by children's internal-state words and false-belief mentioning in the book's narratives as well as their performance on the Reading the Eyes in the Mind Test (Baron-Cohen, Joliffe, Mortimore, & Robertson, 1997). Correlation and linear regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between narrative language ability and ToM indices. Relationships between language variation, ToM indices, and socioeconomic status were also explored.ResultsThere was no correlation between language variation and the 3 ToM indicators. False-belief mentioning accounted for the most variance in children's narrative language. Language variation scores and ToM performance were both unrelated to children's socioeconomic backgrounds.ConclusionToM indicators, such as false-belief mentioning, provide information about African American children's narrative ability and appear to be dialect-neutral.
Spontaneous Gesture Production and Lexical Abilities in Children With Specific Language Impairment in a Naming Task
Authors: Lavelli Manuela , Majorano Marinella 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of the study was to investigate the role that cospeech gestures play in lexical production in preschool-age children with expressive specific language impairment (E-SLI).

Method

Fifteen preschoolers with E-SLI and 2 groups of typically developing (TD) children matched for chronological age (
n
= 15, CATD group) and for language abilities (
n
= 15, LATD group) completed a picture-naming task. The accuracy of the spoken answers (coded for types of correct and incorrect answers), the modality of expression (spoken and/or gestural), types of gestures, and semantic relationship between gestures and speech produced by children in the different groups were compared.

Results
Children with SLI produced higher rates of phonological simplifications and unintelligible answers than CATD children, but lower rates of semantic errors than LATD children. They did not show a significant preference for spoken answers, as TD children did. Similarly to LATD children, they used gestures at higher rates than CATD, both deictic and representational, and both reinforcing the information conveyed in speech and adding correct information to co-occurring speech.

Conclusions
These findings support the hypotheses that children with SLI rely on gestures for scaffolding their speech and do not have a clear preference for the spoken modality, as TD children do, and have implications for educational and clinical practice.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.14963814
An Overview of Strategic Thinking in Complex Problem Solving
Authors: Chevallier Arnaud 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The first chapter, “An overview of strategic thinking in complex problem solving,” gives a general description of the book and introduces the case study that is used in each chapter to exemplify how the tools apply to a practical case. The case study requires no specialized knowledge: a friend’s dog disappears on the very day that the friend dismissed his temperamental housekeeper; did the dog escape or was he kidnapped? The chapter also introduces five key concepts that come at various points along the resolution process: using alternatively divergent and convergent thinking, using issue maps to identify all possible answers to a question exactly once (by using a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive (MECE) structure), acquiring the right skills, simplifying to reveal the underlying structure of a problem, and not fooling oneself and others.
Quantum Ontology
Authors: Lewis Peter J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Metaphysicians should pay attention to quantum mechanics, but not because it provides definitive answers to many metaphysical questions. The theory itself is remarkably silent on the nature of the physical world, and the various interpretations of the theory on offer present conflicting ontological pictures. Rather, quantum mechanics is essential to the metaphysician because it reshapes standard metaphysical debates and opens up unforeseen new metaphysical possibilities. Even if quantum mechanics provides few clear answers, there are good reasons to think that any adequate understanding of the quantum world will result in a radical reshaping of our classical worldview in some way or other. Whatever the world is like at the atomic scale, it is almost certainly not the swarm of particles pushed around by forces that is often presupposed. This book guides readers through the theory of quantum mechanics and its implications for metaphysics in a clear and accessible way. The theory and its various interpretations are presented with a minimum of technicality. The consequences of these interpretations for metaphysical debates concerning realism, indeterminacy, causation, determinism, holism, and individuality (among other topics) are explored in detail, stressing the novel form that the debates take given the empirical facts in the quantum domain. While quantum mechanics may not deliver unconditional pronouncements on these issues, the range of possibilities consistent with our knowledge of the empirical world is relatively small—and each possibility is metaphysically revisionary in some way.
Realism
Authors: Lewis Peter J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
It is sometimes claimed that quantum mechanics undermines realism—that it should be taken only as an instrumental recipe, not as a description of the world. If so, then quantum mechanics has no implications for metaphysics. However, this chapter makes the case for a realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. The EPR argument that quantum mechanics is an incomplete description of the world is presented, together with Bohr’s response. Bell’s theorem is explained, which shows that, subject to some plausible assumptions, no completion of quantum mechanics is possible. However, those assumptions can be challenged, leaving open several avenues for defending a realistic interpretation of quantum mechanics.
Determinism
Authors: Lewis Peter J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The most common metaphysical consequence claimed of quantum mechanics is indeterminism. But while the GRW theory is indeterministic, Bohm’s theory is fully deterministic. The many-worlds theory is more interesting. What place could there be for probability in a theory in which every possible outcome of a measurement actually occurs? The options for locating uncertainty within a many-worlds ontology are surveyed, and the arguments that probabilities can be assigned to the worlds are critically assessed. The argument that all of us are immortal according to the many-worlds theory is considered and shown to be mistaken. The consequences of quantum mechanics for free will are shown to be minimal.
Six Quantum Worlds
Authors: Lewis Peter J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The foundations of quantum mechanics are so contested that it yields few definitive answers to metaphysical questions. So the best we can do is to lay out the various possibilities. The six possibilities considered are as follows: Bohm’s hidden variable theory, particle-only hidden variable theories, the GRW spontaneous collapse theory, spontaneous collapse theories with added three-dimensional ontology, the “flashy” spontaneous collapse theory, and the many-worlds theory. The metaphysical consequences of each of these theories are summarized. Even if quantum mechanics does not settle many ontological questions, it shifts the debate in interesting and fruitful ways. Furthermore, the metaphysical consequences may in some cases reflect back on the tenability of the theories themselves.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Primate Species
Authors: Cotton Alison , Clark Fay , Boubli Jean P. , Schwitzer Christoph 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species is currently the most comprehensive source of data on the global conservation status of animal, fungi, and plant taxa. The Primate Specialist Group (PSG), part of IUCN’s SSC, is responsible for the assessment of all primates. According to the most recent assessment, 63% of the world’s primates are currently threatened (Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable), and the remaining are classified as Near Threatened (5%) or Least Concern (31%). Having recently celebrated 50 years, the IUCN Red List is today one of the most influential and authoritative documents on species conservation and is broadly used by conservation practitioners, policymakers, governments, funding agencies, and NGOs worldwide as a tool for setting their conservation targets and designing their strategies.
Hunting and primate conservation
Authors: Fa John E. , Tagg Nikki 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Hunting for meat and profit threatens a very large number of primate species. This chapter presents evidence of the extent of hunting of wild animals, and primates in particular, across the tropical areas of the globe. Studies are reviewed investigating whether estimated extraction rates of mammal species across the tropics exceed the production levels for these taxa. In particular, data on primate extraction levels in Latin America, Africa, and Asia are presented, along with an assessment of their sustainability. Subsequently, the impact of hunting on game mammals in general, and primates in particular, is reviewed and the implications of the possible local and global extirpation of primates on ecosystems. Finally, ways to mitigate primate hunting are covered.