bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymer optical fibres in healthcare: solutions, applications and implications. A perspective
Authors: Quandt Brit M , Boesel Luciano F , Rossi René M 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPolymer optical fibres are increasingly being used for medical applications, e.g. as wearable devices for diagnostics or therapeutics. Due to the multitude of applications and the corresponding restrictions and prerequisites, the properties of these optical fibres are fine‐tuned to their specific application. Regarding wearables and continuous, unobtrusive long‐term monitoring, a very low burden is reached when the integration into textiles is complete and the wearer's comfort is ensured. Here, we discuss a selection of recent solutions within wearable photonic sensors. Integration processes are highlighted so as to provide insight for further development. Finally, implications of long‐term monitoring are discussed including data mining. The effect of knowing one's vitals on society is highlighted as a relevant influence on medical care. If ubiquitous monitoring were realized for a high percentage of the population, concerns can arise regarding the long‐term reliability of photonic sensors as well as ethical use of patient data. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Chimeric mice with humanized liver as a model for testing organophosphate and carbamate pesticide exposure
Authors: Suemizu Hiroshi , Kawai Kenji , Murayama Norie , Nakamura Masato , Yamazaki Hiroshi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDiagnosis of acute intoxication with organophosphate (OP) or carbamate (CM) pesticides in humans is achieved by measuring plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity. However, BuChE activity is not an ideal biomarker in experimental animal models. The aim of this study was to establish an experimental mouse model for evaluating exposure to OP and CM pesticides by monitoring BuChE activity using chimeric mice in which the liver was reconstituted with human hepatocytes.RESULTSA single oral administration of acephate (300 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (10 mg/kg), fenobucarb (300 mg/kg) or molinate (250 mg/kg) in chimeric mice led to inhibition of >95%, > 95%, 28% and 60% of plasma BuChE activity after 7, 0.5, 0.5 and 7 h, respectively. Dose‐dependent decreases in plasma BuChE activity were also observed for acephate and chlorpyrifos. A 5‐day repeated‐dose study with 10 or 30 mg/kg acephate found a constitutive reduction in plasma BuChE activity to 80% and 70% of pre‐dose levels, respectively.CONCLUSIONChanges in plasma BuChE activity in chimeric mice with humanized liver clearly reflected the exposure levels of OP and CM pesticides. These results suggest that the humanized‐liver mouse model may be suitable for estimating levels of exposure to these pesticides in humans. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Iron‐chelating effect of silymarin in patients with β‐thalassemia major: A crossover randomised control trial
Authors: Darvishi‐Khezri Hadi , Salehifar Ebrahim , Kosaryan Mehrnoush , Karami Hossein , Mahdavi Mohammadreza , Alipour Abbas , Aliasgharian Aily 
Published: December 2017

This study aimed to determine the potential iron‐chelating effects of silymarin in patients with β‐thalassemia major receiving standard iron‐chelation therapy. We evaluated whether addition of silymarin to standard iron‐chelation therapy could improve iron burden markers and liver and cardiac function in these patients, via a placebo‐controlled, crossover clinical study. Silymarin (140 mg) or placebo were administered thrice daily to all patients (n = 82) for 12 weeks, and after a 2‐week washout period, patients were crossed over to the other groups. Silymarin efficacy was assessed by measuring serum iron level, ferritin level, total iron‐binding capacity and liver and cardiac function on magnetic resonance imaging. Silymarin treatment resulted in a negative change in the serum iron and ferritin levels and a positive change in the total iron‐binding capacity levels (treatment effect, p < .001, p = .06, and p = .05, respectively). Silymarin treatment led to positive changes in cardiac and liver function in both treatment sequences of study; however, this was not statistically significant. There was a negative change in liver iron concentration in both treatment sequences (treatment effect, p = .02). In conclusion, combined iron‐chelation and silymarin therapy was effective for improving the iron‐burden status in patients with β‐thalassemia major.
The effects of hypoglycemia and weight loss of total lignans from Fructus Arctii in KKAy mice and its mechanisms of the activity
Authors: Gao Yingying , Gu Chenchen , Wang Kai , Wang Haiying , Ruan Kefeng , Xu Zhaohui , Feng Yi 
Published: December 2017

Fructus Arctii (great burdock achene) is the dried ripe fruit of Arctium lappa L. (family Asteraceae) and is included in the Chinese pharmacopoeia. It has been reported that the clinical use of Fructus Arctii resulted in a satisfactory hypoglycemic effect in diabetic patients. This study aimed to investigate antidiabetic activity and mechanism of total lignans from Fructus Arctii (TLFA) in KKAy mice, a spontaneous Type 2 diabetic rodent model that exhibits marked obesity. In this study, KKAy mice were gavaged once daily with solvents (0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose), TLFA (250 and 125 mg/kg), or metformin (200 mg/kg) for 11 weeks, and C57BL/6J mice treated with saline solution (0.9%, w/v) were used as normal control. The results indicate that TLFA has dual effects of hypoglycemia and weight loss, and administration of TLFA in KKAy mice could decrease fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and body weight; improve oral glucose tolerance; increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol; and decrease triglycerides and free fatty acid in mice serum. Its efficacy may associate with multiple mechanisms of action such as stimulation of insulin secretion, activation of phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/protein kinase B, and adenosine‐monophosphate‐activated protein kinase signaling pathway, decreasing leptin.
Calling all archaeologists: guidelines for terminology, methodology, data handling, and reporting when undertaking and reviewing stable isotope applications in archaeology
Authors: Roberts Patrick , Fernandes Ricardo , Craig Oliver E. , Larsen Thomas , Lucquin Alexandre , Swift Jillian , Zech Jana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStable isotope analysis has been utilized in archaeology since the 1970s, yet standardized protocols for terminology, sampling, pretreatment evaluation, calibration, quality assurance and control, data presentation, and graphical or statistical treatment still remain lacking in archaeological applications. Here, we present recommendations and requirements for each of these in the archaeological context of: bulk stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of organics; bulk stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of carbonates; single compound stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis on amino acids in collagen and keratin; and single compound stable carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis on fatty acids. The protocols are based on recommendations from the Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as well as an expanding geochemical and archaeological science experimental literature. We hope that this will provide a useful future reference for authors and reviewers engaging with the growing number of stable isotope applications and datasets in archaeology.
Inner approximations of domains of attraction for a class of switched systems by computing Lyapunov‐like functions
Authors: Zheng Xiuliang , She Zhikun , Liang Quanyi , Li Meilun 
Published: December 2017

SummaryDomain of attraction plays an important role in control systems analysis, which is usually estimated by sublevel sets of Lyapunov functions. In this paper, based on the concept of common Lyapunov‐like functions, we propose an iteration method for estimating domains of attraction for a class of switched systems, where the state space is divided into several regions, each region is described by polynomial inequalities, and any region has no intersection among with each other. Starting with an initial inner estimate of domain of attraction, we first present a theoretical framework for obtaining a larger inner estimate by iteratively computing common Lyapunov‐like functions. Then, for obtaining a required initial inner estimate of domain of attraction, we propose a higher‐order truncation and linear semidefinite programming–based method for computing a common Lyapunov function. Successively, the theoretical framework is under‐approximatively realized by using S‐procedure and sum‐of‐squares programming, associated with a coordinatewise iteration idea. Finally, we implement our method and test it on some examples with comparisons. These computation and comparison results show the advantages of our method.
Efficient Copper‐Promoted Tandem Multi‐Component Strategy: The Synthesis of 1‐ Aryl/Alkyl‐5‐(N‐Benzoylamino) Tetrazoles and Guanidine's
Authors: vali Shaik Baji , Seelam Mohan , Tamminana Ramana , Kammela Prasad Rao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEfficient, simple and multi component methodology has been demonstrated for the construction of l‐Aryl/Alkyl‐5‐(N‐Benzoylamino) tetrazoles and guanidine's. These compounds can be used as intermediates for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds such as substituted 2‐(N‐benzoyl) benzimidazoles and fused cyclic tetrazoles. Target products were obtained from benzyol chloride via in situ consecutive formation of benzoyl isothiocyanates and benzyol aryl thiourea. Moreover, desulphurization was also observed during this methodology. In addition, functional group tolerance and reaction mechanism have also been studied.
Chemical Immobilization Effect on Lithium Polysulfides for Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Caixia , Xi Zhucong , Guo Dexiang , Chen Xiangju , Yin Longwei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite great progress in lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs), great obstacles still exist to achieve high loading content of sulfur and avoid the loss of active materials due to the dissolution of the intermediate polysulfide products in the electrolyte. Relationships between the intrinsic properties of nanostructured hosts and electrochemical performance of LSBs, especially, the chemical interaction effects on immobilizing polysulfides for LSB cathodes, are discussed in this Review. Moreover, the principle of rational microstructure design for LSB cathode materials with strong chemical interaction adsorbent effects on polysulfides, such as metallic compounds, metal particles, organic polymers, and heteroatom‐doped carbon, is mainly described. According to the chemical immobilizing mechanism of polysulfide on LSB cathodes, three kinds of chemical immobilizing effects, including the strong chemical affinity between polar host and polar polysulfides, the chemical bonding effect between sulfur and the special function groups/atoms, and the catalytic effect on electrochemical reaction kinetics, are thoroughly reviewed. To improve the electrochemical performance and long cycling life‐cycle stability of LSBs, possible solutions and strategies with respect to the rational design of the microstructure of LSB cathodes are comprehensively analyzed.
SMART Design of a Bulk‐Capped Supramolecular Segment for the Assembly into Organic Interdigital Lipid Bilayer‐Like (ILB) Nanosheets
Authors: Li Yin‐Xiang , Wang Sha‐Sha , Yu Yang , Zhang He , Wang Wu‐You , Yang Ru‐Qian , Xie Ling‐Hai , Liu Feng , Lin Zong‐Qiong , Shi Nai‐En , Sun Li‐Tao , Huang Wei 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRational molecular design for the organic nanocrystal morphology still remains a challenge due to the structural diversity and complicated weak intermolecular interactions. In this work, a typical attractor–repulsor molecule N,N‐diphenyl‐4‐(9‐phenyl‐fluoren‐9‐yl) phenylamine (TPA‐PF) is designed to explore a general assembly strategy for 2D nanocrystals. Via an interdigital lipid bilayer‐like (ILB) molecular packing mode, large‐sized lamellar 2D nanosheets are obtained with a length:width:thickness ratio as ≈2500:1000:1. The d‐spacing of the largest (001) plane is 1.32 nm, which equals to the thickness of a single interdigital stacking layer. The synergetic effect of the attractive supramolecular segment (TPA) and the repulsive bulky group (PF) is supposed to be the critical factor for the ILB packing that leads to the 2D structures. The attractor–repulsor molecule design is expected to be an effective strategy for the growth of 2D nanocrystals based on small organic molecules.
Copper Catalysis and Organocatalysis Showing the Way: Synthesis of Selenium‐Containing Highly Functionalized 1,2,3‐Triazoles
Authors: Alves Diego , Goldani Bruna , Lenardão Eder J. , Perin Gelson , Schumacher Ricardo F. , Paixão Márcio W. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article provides a comprehensive overview of reported methods ‐ particularly copper‐ and organocatalyzed reactions ‐ for the regioselective syntheses of selenium‐containing 1,2,3‐triazoles systems. These chemical entities are prevalent cores in biologically active compounds and functional materials. In view of their unique properties, substantial efforts have been paid for the design and development of practical approaches for the synthesis of these scaffolds.
Students' environmental NOS views, compassion, intent, and action: Impact of place‐based socioscientific issues instruction
Authors: Herman Benjamin C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPreparing students to achieve the lofty goal of functional scientific literacy entails addressing the normative and non‐normative facets of socioscientific issues (SSI) such as scientific processes, the nature of science (NOS) and diverse sociocultural perspectives. SSI instructional approaches have demonstrated some efficacy for promoting students' NOS views, compassion for others, and decision making. However, extant investigations appear to neglect fully engaging students through authentic SSI in several ways. These include: (i) providing SSI instruction through classroom approaches that are divorced from students' lived experiences; (ii) demonstrating a contextual misalignment between SSI and NOS (particularly evident in NOS assessments); and (iii) framing decision making and position taking analogously—with the latter being an unreliable indicator of how people truly act. The significance of the convergent parallel mixed‐methods investigation reported here is how it responds to these shortcomings through exploring how place‐based SSI instruction focused on the contentious environmental issue of wolf reintroduction in the Greater Yellowstone Area impacted sixty secondary students' NOS views, compassion toward those impacted by contentious environmental issues, and pro‐environmental intent. Moreover, this investigation explores how those perspectives associate with the students' pro‐environmental action of donating to a Yellowstone environmental organization. Results demonstrate that the students' NOS views became significantly more accurate and contextualized, with moderate to large effect, through the place‐based SSI instruction. Through that instruction, the students also exhibited significant gains in their compassion for nature and people impacted by contentious environmental issues and pro‐environmental intent. Further analyses showed that donating students developed and demonstrated significantly more robust and contextualized NOS views, compassion for people and nature impacted by contentious environmental issues, and pro‐environmental intent than their nondonating counterparts. Pedagogical implications include how place‐based learning in authentic settings could better prepare students to understand NOS, become socioculturally aware, and engage SSI across a variety of contexts.
Internet-based guided self-help for glioma patients with depressive symptoms: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Boele Florien W. , Klein Martin , Verdonck-de Leeuw Irma M. , Cuijpers Pim , Heimans Jan J. , Snijders Tom J. , Vos Maaike , Bosma Ingeborg , Tijssen Cees C. , Reijneveld Jaap C. ,   On behalf of the Dutch Society for Neuro-Oncology (LWNO)
Published: December 2017

AbstractDepressive symptoms are common in glioma patients, and can negatively affect health-related quality of life (HRQOL). We performed a nation-wide randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effects of an online guided self-help intervention for depressive symptoms in adult glioma patients. Glioma patients with depressive symptoms were randomized to a 5-week online course based on problem-solving therapy, or a waiting list control group. After having received the intervention, the glioma patient groups combined were compared with patients with cancer outside the central nervous system (non-CNS cancer controls), who also received the intervention. Sample size calculations yielded 63 participants to be recruited per arm. The primary outcome [depressive symptoms (CES-D)] and secondary outcomes [fatigue (Checklist Individual Strength (CIS)) and HRQOL (Short Form-36)], were assessed online at baseline, post-intervention, and 3 and 12 months follow-up. In total, 89 glioma patients (intervention N = 45; waiting list N = 44) and 26 non-CNS cancer controls were included, of whom 35 and 54% completed the intervention, respectively. Recruitment could not be extended beyond 3.5 years due to funding. On depression, no statistically significant differences between the groups were found. Fatigue decreased post-treatment in the glioma intervention group compared with the waiting list group (p = 0.054, d = 0.306). At 12 months, the physical component summary (HRQOL) remained stable in glioma patients, while scores improved in non-CNS cancer controls (p = 0.035, d = 0.883). In this underpowered study, no evidence for the effectiveness of online guided self-help for depression or HRQOL in glioma patients was found, but it may improve fatigue.Trial registration Netherlands Trial Register NTR3223.
On an Anomaly in the Modeling of Electromagnetic Stirring in Continuous Casting
Authors: Vynnycky M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Early, yet still often-cited, mathematical models for electromagnetic stirring (EMS) in continuous casting are re-examined and found to contain a surprising anomaly: the solutions obtained were not unique. Analysis for the case of a round billet under rotary EMS shows how to avoid this behavior, whilst still making use of the experimental data that motivated the original models. The relevance of this result for current-day modeling of EMS is highlighted, particularly in the context of modulated EMS.
The integration of palaeomagnetism, the geological record and mantle tomography in the location of ancient continents
Authors: TORSVIK TROND H. , COCKS L. ROBIN M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractConstructing palaeogeographical maps is best achieved through the integration of data from hotspotting (since the Cretaceous), palaeomagnetism (including ocean-floor magnetic anomalies since the Jurassic), and the analysis of fossils and identification of their faunal and floral provinces; as well as a host of other geological information, not least the characters of the rocks themselves. Recently developed techniques now also allow us to determine more objectively the palaeolongitude of continents from the time of Pangaea onwards, which palaeomagnetism alone does not reveal. This together with new methods to estimate true polar wander have led to hybrid mantle plate motion frames that demonstrate that TUZO and JASON, two antipodal thermochemical piles in the deep mantle, have been stable for at least 300 Ma, and where deep plumes sourcing large igneous provinces and kimberlites are mostly derived from their margins. This remarkable observation has led to the plume generation zone reconstruction method which exploits the fundamental link between surface and deep mantle processes to allow determination of palaeolongitudes, unlocking a way forward in modelling absolute plate motions prior to the assembly of Pangaea. The plume generation zone method is a novel way to derive ‘absolute’ plate motions in a mantle reference frame before Pangaea, but the technique assumes that the margins of TUZO and JASON did not move much and that Earth was a degree-2 planet, as today.
Takayasu arteritis in paediatrics
Authors: Di Santo Marisa , Stelmaszewski Erica V. , Villa Alejandra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTakayasu arteritis is an idiopathic chronic granulomatous panarteritis predominantly affecting the aorta and its main branches. Although idiopathic, genetic contribution to disease susceptibility is being increasingly recognised. Rare in children, Takayasu arteritis is a worldwide disease with significant morbidity and mortality. Its diagnosis is a challenge and requires awareness of the condition as clinical features at presentation are non-specific and assessing disease activity is difficult. In the inflammatory stage, treatment is essential to prevent the insidious course and vascular damage: stenotic, occlusive lesions, aneurysms, and aortic regurgitation. New imaging modalities, such as CT scan, MRI, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, have expanded the possibilities for non-invasive diagnosis and monitoring; however, digital subtraction arteriography remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis. Steroids are the first-line medical treatment. The combined use of methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine, mycophenolate mofetil, and biological agents is common. Revascularisation therapy should be considered in uncontrolled hypertension secondary to renal artery stenosis, symptomatic coronary ischaemia, cerebrovascular disease, severe aortic regurgitation, limb ischaemia, and aneurysms at risk of rupture, using surgical or endovascular procedures and taking into consideration that complications, especially restenosis, are frequent. Disease activity increases the likelihood of complications after revascularisation. Surgical intervention has shown better long-term outcomes, although the endovascular approach is evolving. The aim of this review was to describe key points of the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of Takayasu arteritis in childhood.