bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The ecological module of BOATS-1.0: a bioenergetically constrained model of marine upper trophic levels suitable for studies of fisheries and ocean biogeochemistry
Authors: Carozza David Anthony , Bianchi Daniele , Galbraith Eric Douglas 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Environmental change and the exploitation of marine resources have had profound impacts on marine communities, with potential implications for ocean biogeochemistry and food security. In order to study such global-scale problems, it is helpful to have computationally efficient numerical models that predict the first-order features of fish biomass production as a function of the environment, based on empirical and mechanistic understandings of marine ecosystems. Here we describe the ecological module of the BiOeconomic mArine Trophic Size-spectrum (BOATS) model, which takes an Earth-system approach to modelling fish biomass at the global scale. The ecological model is designed to be used on an Earth-system model grid, and determines size spectra of fish biomass by explicitly resolving life history as a function of local temperature and net primary production. Biomass production is limited by the availability of photosynthetic energy to upper trophic levels, following empirical trophic efficiency scalings, and by well-established empirical temperature-dependent growth rates. Natural mortality is calculated using an empirical size-based relationship, while reproduction and recruitment depend on both the food availability to larvae from net primary production and the production of eggs by mature adult fish. We describe predicted biomass spectra and compare them to observations, and conduct a sensitivity study to determine how they change as a function of net primary production and temperature. The model relies on a limited number of parameters compared to similar modelling efforts, while retaining reasonably realistic representations of biological and ecological processes, and is computationally efficient, allowing extensive parameter-space analyses even when implemented globally. As such, it enables the exploration of the linkages between ocean biogeochemistry, climate, and upper trophic levels at the global scale, as well as a representation of fish biomass for idealized studies of fisheries.
Assessing the impact of climate variability and human activities on streamflow variation
Authors: Chang Jianxia , Zhang Hongxue , Wang Yimin , Zhu Yuelu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Water resources in river systems have been changing under the impact of both climate variability and human activities. Assessing the respective impact on decadal streamflow variation is important for water resource management. By using an elasticity-based method and calibrated TOPMODEL and VIC hydrological models, we quantitatively isolated the relative contributions that human activities and climate variability made to decadal streamflow changes in the Jinghe basin, located in the northwest of China. This is an important watershed of the Shaanxi province that supplies drinking water for a population of over 6 million people. The results showed that the maximum value of the moisture index (E0∕P) was 1.91 and appeared in 1991–2000, and the decreased speed of streamflow was higher since 1990 compared with 1960–1990. The average annual streamflow from 1990 to 2010 was reduced by 26.96 % compared with the multiyear average value (from 1960 to 2010). The estimates of the impacts of climate variability and human activities on streamflow decreases from the hydrological models were similar to those from the elasticity-based method. The maximum contribution value of human activities was 99 % when averaged over the three methods, and appeared in 1981–1990 due to the effects of soil and water conservation measures and irrigation water withdrawal. Climate variability made the greatest contribution to streamflow reduction in 1991–2000, the values of which was 40.4 %. We emphasized various source of errors and uncertainties that may occur in the hydrological model (parameter and structural uncertainty) and elasticity-based method (model parameter) in climate change impact studies.
Impacts of land use change and climate variations on annual inflow into the Miyun Reservoir, Beijing, China
Authors: Zheng Jiangkun , Sun Ge , Li Wenhong , Yu Xinxiao , Zhang Chi , Gong Yuanbo , Tu Lihua 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The Miyun Reservoir, the only surface water source for Beijing city, has experienced water supply decline in recent decades. Previous studies suggest that both land use change and climate contribute to the changes of water supply in this critical watershed. However, the specific causes of the decline in the Miyun Reservoir are debatable under a non-stationary climate in the past 4 decades. The central objective of this study was to quantify the separate and collective contributions of land use change and climate variability to the decreasing inflow into the Miyun Reservoir during 1961–2008. Different from previous studies on this watershed, we used a comprehensive approach to quantify the timing of changes in hydrology and associated environmental variables using the long-term historical hydrometeorology and remote-sensing-based land use records. To effectively quantify the different impacts of the climate variation and land use change on streamflow during different sub-periods, an annual water balance model (AWB), the climate elasticity model (CEM), and a rainfall–runoff model (RRM) were employed to conduct attribution analysis synthetically. We found a significant (p  <  0.01) decrease in annual streamflow, a significant positive trend in annual potential evapotranspiration (p  <  0.01), and an insignificant (p  >  0.1) negative trend in annual precipitation during 1961–2008. We identified two streamflow breakpoints, 1983 and 1999, by the sequential Mann–Kendall test and double-mass curve. Climate variability alone did not explain the decrease in inflow to the Miyun Reservoir. Reduction of water yield was closely related to increase in actual evapotranspiration due to the expansion of forestland and reduction in cropland and grassland, and was likely exacerbated by increased water consumption for domestic and industrial uses in the basin. The contribution to the observed streamflow decline from land use change fell from 64–92 % during 1984–1999 to 36–58 % during 2000–2008, whereas the contribution from climate variation climbed from 8–36 % during the 1984–1999 to 42–64 % during 2000–2008. Model uncertainty analysis further demonstrated that climate warming played a dominant role in streamflow reduction in the most recent decade (i.e., 2000s). We conclude that future climate change and variability will further challenge the water supply capacity of the Miyun Reservoir to meet water demand. A comprehensive watershed management strategy needs to consider the climate variations besides vegetation management in the study basin.
Design and validation of MEDRYS, a Mediterranean Sea reanalysis over the period 1992–2013
Authors: Hamon Mathieu , Beuvier Jonathan , Somot Samuel , Lellouche Jean-Michel , Greiner Eric , Jordà Gabriel , Bouin Marie-Noëlle , Arsouze Thomas , Béranger Karine , Sevault Florence , Dubois Clotilde , Drevillon Marie , Drillet Yann 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. The French research community in the Mediterranean Sea modeling and the French operational ocean forecasting center Mercator Océan have gathered their skill and expertise in physical oceanography, ocean modeling, atmospheric forcings and data assimilation to carry out a MEDiterranean sea ReanalYsiS (MEDRYS) at high resolution for the period 1992–2013. The ocean model used is NEMOMED12, a Mediterranean configuration of NEMO with a 1∕12° ( ∼  7 km) horizontal resolution and 75 vertical z levels with partial steps. At the surface, it is forced by a new atmospheric-forcing data set (ALDERA), coming from a dynamical downscaling of the ERA-Interim atmospheric reanalysis by the regional climate model ALADIN-Climate with a 12 km horizontal and 3 h temporal resolutions. This configuration is used to carry a 34-year hindcast simulation over the period 1979–2013 (NM12-FREE), which is the initial state of the reanalysis in October 1992. MEDRYS uses the existing Mercator Océan data assimilation system SAM2 that is based on a reduced-order Kalman filter with a three-dimensional (3-D) multivariate modal decomposition of the forecast error. Altimeter data, satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and temperature and salinity vertical profiles are jointly assimilated. This paper describes the configuration we used to perform MEDRYS. We then validate the skills of the data assimilation system. It is shown that the data assimilation restores a good average temperature and salinity at intermediate layers compared to the hindcast. No particular biases are identified in the bottom layers. However, the reanalysis shows slight positive biases of 0.02 psu and 0.15 °C above 150 m depth. In the validation stage, it is also shown that the assimilation allows one to better reproduce water, heat and salt transports through the Strait of Gibraltar. Finally, the ability of the reanalysis to represent the sea surface high-frequency variability is shown.
Application of Cryoirradiation-Modified Xenopericardium for Building Bladder wall Defect
Authors: Sandomirsky Boris P. , Repin Nikolay V. , Mikhailova Irina P. , Manchenko Anna A. 
Published: April 2016

Introduction The project goal was to study special aspects of biointegration and the functional efficiency of the modified xenopericardium on the experimental model in vivo. Xenopericardium devitalization was performed using low temperatures and ionizing radiation (β-radiation) in an original manner. Methods In rabbits, a urinary bladder (UB) wall defect was repaired through tissue replacement. Observation period: up to 1 year. After implantation, tissue reaction and biomaterial structure changes were studied using light and electron microscopy. Dynamic ultrasound diagnostics were performed. Results After surgery all animals displayed normal physiological activity. No cases of material rejection or postoperative period complications were detected. At all stages the xenopericardium preserved structural integrity and served as a skeleton for forming an adequate UB wall. Small peripheral areas were exposed to lysis. After 3 months the collagen structure of the graft was rearranged and mucous membrane epithelization appeared. Folding was already formed and invasion of narrow SMC panniculi was registered within deeper layers. After 6 months the inner surface of the UB wall consisted of normal mucosa, lined by fully formed epithelium. By the 7th month an almost solid muscular sheet was formed in the lower layers. Conclusions Modified pericardium tissue with the given physical and mechanical properties was sustainable and able to endure the work load in an aggressive environment. It causes minimal inflammatory response, has a potential for cellular repopulation in vivo, stimulates formation of fibrous tissue, and embedded and restored cellular integrity and UB storage function.
Expression of CD133 Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Madjd Zahra , Erfani Elham , Gheytanchi Elmira , Moradi-Lakeh Maziar , Shariftabrizi Ahmad , Asadi-Lari Mohsen 
Published: April 2016

Background CD133-positive melanoma cells are thought to be melanoma-initiating cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) characteristics. Some researchers have reported that CD133-negative subsets can also initiate tumors, so the clinical significance of a CD133-positive subpopulation of cells in melanoma remains controversial. This systematic review was designed to assess the value of CD133 as a CSC marker in melanomas. A meta-analysis was also performed to cumulatively analyze the data on CD133 expression levels in the selected studies. Materials and Method Eligible studies were identified via an electronic search through various databases including PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE, and Web of Science (from May 2005 through September 2014) using the following keywords: “CD133 or prominin-1”, “cancer stem cells”, and “melanoma”. Only articles in which CD133 antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) were included. A meta-analysis was performed to identify any association between CD133 expression and clinical outcomes. Results Two hundred and ninety-nine melanoma cases from 5 studies were evaluated for expression levels of CD133 using IHC. Large heterogeneity was observed among the results (p<0.001, I2 = 94%). Approximately 47.9% (95% CI 23.7%-72.1%) of the studied melanoma cases had high CD133 expression. The I2 value and Q-test p value for heterogeneity were 89.0% and <0.001, respectively, and the pooled estimate of CD133 expression was 61.7% (95% CI 25.1%-98.4%). Conclusions Our findings suggest that CD133 is not yet proven to be an appropriate biomarker in identifying CSCs of melanoma. Thus, detection of CD133 in combination with other putative CSC markers may be more valuable for clinical application.
GaN barrier layer dependence of critical thickness in GaInN/GaN superlattice on GaN characterized by in situ X-ray diffraction
Authors: Osumi Junya , Ishihara Koji , Yamamoto Taiji , Iwaya Motoaki , Takeuchi Tetsuya , Kamiyama Satoshi , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigated the critical thickness dependence on the GaN barrier layer thickness in a GaInN/GaN superlattice (SL). The characterization was done by combining an in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) system attached to a metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy rector and ex situ analyses such as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The critical thickness required for the introduction of a + c-type misfit dislocations (MDs) in the GaInN/GaN SL was determined by analyzing the full width at half maximum of the in situ XRD spectrum from a GaInN/GaN SL as a function of SL periods, and we successfully found the critical thicknesses of specific different SLs.
7-Octenyltrichrolosilane/trimethyaluminum hybrid dielectrics fabricated by molecular-atomic layer deposition on ZnO thin film transistors
Authors: Huang Jie , Lee Mingun , Lucero Antonio T. , Cheng Lanxia , Ha Min-Woo , Kim Jiyoung 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of 7-octenytrichlorosilane (7-OTS)/trimethylaluminum (TMA) organic–inorganic hybrid films using molecular-atomic layer deposition (MALD). The properties of 7-OTS/TMA hybrid films are extensively investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electrical measurements. Our results suggest that uniform and smooth amorphous hybrid thin films with excellent insulating properties are obtained using the MALD process. Films have a relatively high dielectric constant of approximately 5.0 and low leakage current density. We fabricate zinc oxide (ZnO) based thin film transistors (TFTs) using 7-OTS/TMA hybrid material as a back gate dielectric with the top ZnO channel layer deposited in-situ via MALD. The ZnO TFTs exhibit a field effect mobility of approximately 0.43 cm2 V−1 s−1, a threshold voltage of approximately 1 V, and an on/off ratio of approximately 103 under low voltage operation (from −3 to 9 V). This work demonstrates an organic–inorganic hybrid gate dielectric material potentially useful in flexible electronics application.
Toward the Integration of Machine Learning and Molecular Modeling for Designing Drug Delivery Nanocarriers
Authors: Gao Xuejiao J. , Ciura Krzesimir , Ma Yuanjie , Mikolajczyk Alicja , Jagiello Karolina , Wan Yuxin , Gao Yurou , Zheng Jiajia , Zhong Shengliang , Puzyn Tomasz , Gao Xingfa 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe pioneering work on liposomes in the 1960s and subsequent research in controlled drug release systems significantly advances the development of nanocarriers (NCs) for drug delivery. This field is evolved to include a diverse array of nanocarriers such as liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and more, each tailored to specific therapeutic applications. Despite significant achievements, the clinical translation of nanocarriers is limited, primarily due to the low efficiency of drug delivery and an incomplete understanding of nanocarrier interactions with biological systems. Addressing these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration and a deep understanding of the nano‐bio interface. To enhance nanocarrier design, scientists employ both physics‐based and data‐driven models. Physics‐based models provide detailed insights into chemical reactions and interactions at atomic and molecular scales, while data‐driven models leverage machine learning to analyze large datasets and uncover hidden mechanisms. The integration of these models presents challenges such as harmonizing different modeling approaches and ensuring model validation and generalization across biological systems. However, this integration is crucial for developing effective and targeted nanocarrier systems. By integrating these approaches with enhanced data infrastructure, explainable AI, computational advances, and machine learning potentials, researchers can develop innovative nanomedicine solutions, ultimately improving therapeutic outcomes.
Multimaterial Digital‐Light Processing of Metal‐Organic Framework (MOF) Composites: A Versatile Tool for the Rapid Microfabrication of MOF‐Based Devices
Authors: Carbonell Carlos , Linares‐Moreau Mercedes , Borisov Sergey M. , Falcaro Paolo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPatterning Metal‐Organic Frameworks (MOFs) is essential for their use in sensing, electronics, photonics, and encryption technologies. However, current lithography methods are limited in their ability to pattern more than two MOFs, hindering the potential for creating advanced multifunctional surfaces. Additionally, balancing design flexibility, simplicity, and cost often results in compromises. This study addresses these challenges by combining Digital‐Light Processing (DLP) with a capillary‐assisted stop‐flow system to enable multimaterial MOF patterning. It demonstrates the desktop fabrication of multiplexed arbitrary micropatterns across cm‐scale areas while preserving the MOF's pore accessibility. The ink, consisting of a MOF crystal suspension in a low volatile solvent, a mixture of high molecular weight oligomers, and a photoinitiator, is confined by capillarity in the DLP projection area and quickly exchanged using syringe pumps. The versatility of this method is demonstrated by the direct printing of a ZIF‐8‐based luminescent oxygen sensor, a 5‐component dynamic information concealment method, and a PCN‐224‐based colorimetric sensor for amines, covering disparate pore and analyte sizes. The multi‐MOF capabilities, simplicity, and accessibility of this strategy pave the way for the facile exploration of MOF materials across a wide range of applications, with the potential to significantly accelerate the design‐to‐application cycle of MOF‐based devices.
d‐Orbital Induced Electronic Structure Reconfiguration toward Manipulating Electron Transfer Pathways of Metallo‐Porphyrin for Enhanced AlCl2+ Storage
Authors: Jiao Shuqiang , Han Xue , Bu Xudong , Huang Zheng , Li Shijie , Wang Wei , Wang Mingyong , Liu Yunpeng , Song Wei‐Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe positive electrodes of non‐aqueous aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) frequently encounter significant issues, for instance, low capacity in graphite (mechanism: anion de/intercalation and large electrode deformation induced) and poor stability in inorganic positive electrodes (mechanism: multi‐electron redox reaction and dissolution of active materials induced). Here, metallo‐porphyrin compounds (employed Fe2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+ as the ion centers) are introduced to effectively enhance both the cycling stability and reversible capacity due to the formation of stable conjugated metal‐organic coordination and presence of axially coordinated active sites, respectively. With the regulation of electronic energy levels, the d‐orbitals in the redox reactions and electron transfer pathways can be rearranged. The 5,10,15,20‐tetraphenyl‐21H,23H‐porphine nickle(II) (NiTPP) presents the highest specific capacity (177.1 mAh g−1), with an increment of 32.1% and 77.1% in comparison with the capacities of H2TPP and graphite, respectively, which offers a new route for developing high‐capacity positive electrodes for stable AIBs.
Controllable Contact‐Destructive Hydrogel Actuators
Authors: Ding Xiaoya , Li Wenzhao , Shang Luoran , Zhao Yuanjin , Sun Weijian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractConstructing hydrogels with spatially heterogeneous structures are crucial for unlocking novel applications. To this end, selectively removing a specific portion of hydrogels by facile and intricate destructive strategies is worth exploring. Herein, a “contact‐destructive” hydrogel actuator is presented, composed of a dynamic hydrogel network doped with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG). The destructive behavior of the hydrogel actuator is attributed to the surface tension‐induced spreading effect and the enhanced water absorption due to the additive PEG. Parameters that act on these mechanisms are used to control the destruction of the hydrogel. During the destructive process, the hydrogel actuator exhibits locomotion routes predetermined by the graphic pattern with the aid of 3D printing. Additionally, such self‐destructive behavior can be terminated by UV light irradiation when PEG is replaced with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). Significantly, diverse applications including controllable 3D structures collapse, self‐erasing, and on‐demand cell release, are realized with such self‐destructive hydrogel. These results demonstrate that the present hydrogel has great values in soft robotics, anti‐counterfeiting, controlled drug delivery, and other related fields.
Stimuli‐Responsive Nanocarriers as Active Enhancers of Antitumoral Immunotherapy
Authors: Parra‐Nieto Jorge , de Carcer Iñigo Aguirre , García del Cid María Amor , Jimenez‐Falcao Sandra , Gónzalez‐Larre Javier , Baeza Alejandro 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the understanding of the role of the immune system in tumor progression and metastasis is paving the way for the development of antitumoral strategies based on the delivery of immunotherapeutic agents. The engineering of stimuli‐responsive nanocarriers able to release their payload in a controlled manner being able to boost potent and sustained immune responses against tumors has provided a powerful tool to eradicate tumors with extreme precision. Paramount advantages to trigger the immune system against tumors are the high selectivity and memory effect of immune response, which allows not only to eradicate primary and metastatic malignancies but also to avoid their relapse. In this review, the recent advances carried out in the development of smart nanocarriers for immunotherapy are presented.