bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Litteraturarbete i ett svenska som andraspråksklassrum
Authors: Economou Catarina 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article considers the role of reading fiction in Swedish as a second language instruction. The study examines how a group of advanced second language learners in a Swedish upper secondary school read, interpret and discuss a contemporary Swedish novel, how they interact with the text and with each other in relation to the text. Furthermore, it analyses which forms of reading the students use. It is a qualitative, empirical study based on field studies, transcriptions of tape recorded interaction and of written texts. The results indicate that second language learners in this context have a positive attitude towards reading and discussing what they read using several forms of reading. They often compare the content of the text to their own lives. One conclusion is that literature teaching and literature can be integrated into one Swedish subject in order to create even more meaningful interactions between students from different backgrounds. Another is that literature can be a means of language development as well as personal development.Keywords: Second language learners, literature pedagogy and didactics, forms of reading, democracy. SammandragDenna artikel handlar om skönlitteraturens roll i skolämnet svenska som andraspråk. Studien undersöker hur en grupp avancerade andraspråksinlärare i en svensk gymnasieskola läser, tolkar och diskuterar en modern svensk roman och hur de interagerar med texten och med varandra i relation till texten. Dessutom analyseras vilka läsarter som eleverna använde sig av. Den är en kvalitativ, empirisk studie som baseras på fältstudier, transkriptioner av inspelade boksamtal och elevtexter. Resultaten visar att andraspråkseleverna hade en positiv attityd till boksamtal och de använde sig av flera läsarter. De jämförde ofta texten till sina egna liv och erfarenheter. En slutsats är att litteraturundervisning och litteraturarbete skulle kunna integreras i ett gemensamt ämne så att ännu mer meningsfulla samtal mellan elever från olika bakgrund. Dessutom kan litteratur bli ett medel för personlighetsutveckling liksom för språkutveckling.Nyckelord: Andraspråkselever, litteraturpedagogik och didaktik, läsarter, demokrati.
On the variation of alkalinity during phytoplankton photosynthesis
Authors: Fraga F , Álvarez-Salgado XA 
Published: August 2017

The alkalinity of the organic constituents of marine phytoplankton and their participation in the total alkalinity (TA) change of seawater during photosynthesis are carefully assessed. Quantification of the contribution of phytoplankton chlorophyll, proteins and phosphorus compounds to the hydrogen ion balance of seawater in terms of total inorganic nitrogen (∆[NT] = ∆NH4 +] + ∆[N2] + ∆[NO2–] + ∆[NO3–]) and total inorganic phosphorus (∆[PT]) changes during photosynthesis yielded that the organic components of marine phytoplankton are alkaline by –0.06 × ∆[NT] – 0.49 × ∆[PT], and that the potential total alkalinity (TAP) during photosynthesis is TAP = TA – [NH4– + 0.93 × [NO2–] + [NO3–] + 0.08 × [NT] + 0.23 × [PT] for unfiltered seawater samples and TAP = TA – [NH4–] + 0.93 × [NO2–] + [NO3–] + 0.02 × [NT] + 0.26 × [PT] for filtered seawater samples. These equations correct the traditionally used expression TAP = TA + [NO3–]. The TAP anomalies are produced, in order of increasing importance, by N2 fixation, DMSP production and CaCO3 fixation.
Space and time variability of the Southern Ocean carbon budget
Authors: Rosso Isabella , Mazloff Matthew R. , Verdy Ariane , Talley Lynne D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe upper ocean dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration is regulated by advective and diffusive transport divergence, biological processes, freshwater, and air‐sea CO2 fluxes. The relative importance of these mechanisms in the Southern Ocean is uncertain, as year‐round observations in this area have been limited. We use a novel physical‐biogeochemical state estimate of the Southern Ocean to construct a closed DIC budget of the top 650 m and investigate the spatial and temporal variability of the different components of the carbon system. The dominant mechanisms of variability in upper ocean DIC depend on location and time and space scales considered. Advective transport is the most influential mechanism and governs the local DIC budget across the 10 day–5 year timescales analyzed. Diffusive effects are nearly negligible. The large‐scale transport structure is primarily set by upwelling and downwelling, though both the lateral ageostrophic and geostrophic transports are significant. In the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the carbon budget components are also influenced by the presence of topography and biological hot spots. In the subtropics, evaporation and air‐sea CO2 flux primarily balances the sink due to biological production and advective transport. Finally, in the subpolar region sea ice processes, which change the seawater volume and thus the DIC concentration, compensate the large impact of the advective transport and modulate the timing of biological activity and air‐sea CO2 flux.
Equinoctial asymmetry in the zonal distribution of scintillation as observed by GPS receivers in Indonesia
Authors: Abadi P. , Otsuka Y. , Shiokawa K. , Husin A. , Liu Huixin , Saito S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe investigate the azimuthal distribution of amplitude scintillation observed by Global Positioning System (GPS) ground receivers at Pontianak (0.0°S, 109.3°E; magnetic latitude: 9.8°S) and Bandung (6.9°S, 107.6°E; magnetic latitude: 16.7°S) in Indonesia in March and September from 2011 to 2015. The scintillation is found to occur more to the west than to the east in March at both stations, whereas no such zonal difference is found in September. We also analyze the zonal scintillation drift as estimated using three closely spaced single‐frequency GPS receivers at Kototabang (0.2°S, 100.3°E; magnetic latitude: 9.9°S) in Indonesia during 2003–2015 and the zonal thermospheric neutral wind as measured by the CHAMP satellite at longitudes of 90°–120°E during 2001–2008. We find that the velocities of both the zonal scintillation drift and the neutral wind decrease with increasing latitudes. Interestingly, the latitudinal gradients of both the zonal scintillation drift and the neutral wind are steeper in March than in September. These steeper March gradients may be responsible for the increased westward altitudinal and latitudinal tilting of plasma bubbles in March. This equinoctial asymmetry could be responsible for the observed westward bias in scintillation in March, because the scintillation is more likely to occur when radio waves pass through longer lengths of plasma irregularities in the plasma bubbles.
Analysis of aerosol composition data for western United States wildfires between 2005 and 2015: Dust emissions, chloride depletion, and most enhanced aerosol constituents
Authors: Schlosser Joseph S. , Braun Rachel A. , Bradley Trevor , Dadashazar Hossein , MacDonald Alexander B. , Aldhaif Abdulmonam A. , Aghdam Mojtaba Azadi , Mardi Ali Hossein , Xian Peng , Sorooshian Armin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study examines major wildfires in the western United States between 2005 and 2015 to determine which species exhibit the highest percent change in mass concentration on day of peak fire influence relative to preceding nonfire days. Forty‐one fires were examined using the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) data set. Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) constituents exhibited the highest percent change increase. The sharpest enhancements were for the volatile (OC1) and semivolatile (OC2) OC fractions, suggestive of secondary organic aerosol formation during plume transport. Of the noncarbonaceous constituents, Cl, P, K, NO3−, and Zn levels exhibited the highest percent change. Dust was significantly enhanced in wildfire plumes, based on significant enhancements in fine soil components (i.e., Si, Ca, Al, Fe, and Ti) and PMcoarse (i.e., PM10–PM2.5). A case study emphasized how transport of wildfire plumes significantly impacted downwind states, with higher levels of fine soil and PMcoarse at the downwind state (Arizona) as compared to the source of the fires (California). A global model (Navy Aerosol Analysis and Prediction System, NAAPS) did not capture the dust influence over California or Arizona during this case event because it is not designed to resolve dust dynamics in fires, which motivates improved treatment of such processes. Significant chloride depletion was observed on the peak EC day for almost a half of the fires examined. Size‐resolved measurements during two specific fires at a coastal California site revealed significant chloride reductions for particle aerodynamic diameters between 1 and 10 μm.
Mirrored changes in Antarctic ozone and stratospheric temperature in the late 20th versus early 21st centuries
Authors: Solomon Susan , Ivy Diane , Gupta Mukund , Bandoro Justin , Santer Benjamin , Fu Qiang , Lin Pu , Garcia Rolando R. , Kinnison Doug , Mills Michael 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObserved and modeled patterns of lower stratospheric seasonal trends in Antarctic ozone and temperature in the late 20th (1979–2000) and the early 21st (2000–2014) centuries are compared. Patterns of pre‐2000 observed Antarctic ozone decreases and stratospheric cooling as a function of month and pressure are followed by opposite‐signed (i.e., “mirrored”) patterns of ozone increases and warming post‐2000. An interactive chemistry‐climate model forced by changes in anthropogenic ozone depleting substances produces broadly similar mirrored features. Statistical analysis of unforced model simulations (from long‐term model control simulations of a few centuries up to 1000 years) suggests that internal and solar natural variability alone is unable to account for the pattern of observed ozone trend mirroring, implying that forcing is the dominant driver of this behavior. Radiative calculations indicate that ozone increases have contributed to Antarctic warming of the lower stratosphere over 2000–2014, but dynamical changes that are likely due to internal variability over this relatively short period also appear to be important. Overall, the results support the recent finding that the healing of the Antarctic ozone hole is underway and that coupling between dynamics, chemistry, and radiation is important for a full understanding of the causes of observed stratospheric temperature and ozone changes.
Effect of 45‐Day −6° Head‐Down Bed Rest on Cooperation and Aggression
Authors: Wang Yun , Zhou Yuan , Rao Li‐Lin , Zheng Rui , Liang Zhu‐Yuan , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Tan Cheng , Tian Zhi‐Qiang , Wang Chun‐Hui , Bai Yan‐Qiang , Chen Shan‐Guang , Li Shu 
Published: August 2017

SummaryHigh levels of cooperation and low aggression seem obviously vital to the successful implementation of space missions. To elucidate the effect of microgravity on these behaviors, we investigated whether cooperative and aggressive behaviors would be affected in 16 male volunteers during 45‐day −6° head‐down bed rest, which is a reliable simulation model for most physiological effects of spaceflight. We used an ultimatum game task to evaluate the cooperative behavior and a revised competitive reaction time test to evaluate the aggressive behavior simultaneously. We found that (1) the participants became less cooperative in the post‐bed rest phase in comparison with the pre‐bed rest phase and (2) the participants became more aggressive in the in‐bed rest phase in comparison with the pre‐bed rest phase. These findings provide evidence that head‐down bed rest may affect both cooperative and aggressive behaviors in males, suggesting an important perspective for future studies in space psychology.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iodine‐Triggered Aerobic Oxysulfonylation of Styrenes
Authors: Choudhuri Khokan , Achar Tapas Kumar , Mal Prasenjit 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAn iodine‐triggered dioxygen activation in oxysulfonylation reactions of unactivated olefins using sulfonyl hydrazides and iodine as catalyst is reported here. In one pot, near quantitative syntheses of β‐hydroxysulfones were achieved at 70 °C, within 7 h, in acetonitrile and under aerobic conditions. A plausible mechanism is established by radical trapping and 18O labelling experiments for the operationally simple, efficient and economically viable transformation. The direct activation of aerial oxygen under metal‐free and mild conditions is proposed for the oxysulfonylation of olefins.magnified image
A multiscale investigation on controlling bovine serum albumin adsorption onto polyurethane films
Authors: Kurkcuoglu Selin Sofi , Kurkcuoglu Ozge , Güner F. Seniha 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTOur previous study on castor oil (CO) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐based shape memory polyurethane (PU) films indicated that cell spreading on the polymer surface, cell morphology, and adhesion of fibroblast are closely related to the composition of the polymer that influences surface properties. This integrated experimental and computational study is designed to investigate the effect of important parameters such as surface roughness, crystallinity, hydrophilicity, distribution of hard/soft segments, and topology of the surface on protein adsorption for CO‐ and PEG‐based PUs. Analyses indicate that the crystallinity percentage highly promotes bovine serum albumin (BSA) adsorption. Roughness together with topological features determines BSA adsorption rate and concentration. Hydrophilicity and hard segment content seem to have less critical effect on adsorption. Distribution of hard segments into the soft segments emerges as another important factor for protein adsorption. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45669.
Outcome after transcatheter occlusion of patent ductus arteriosus in infants less than 6 kg: A national study from United Kingdom and Ireland
Authors: Kang Sok‐Leng , Jivanji Salim , Mehta Chetan , Tometzki Andrew J. , Derrick Graham , Yates Robert , Khambadkone Sachin , de Giovanni Joseph , Stumper Oliver , Dhillon Rami , Bhole Vinay , Slavik Zdenek , Rigby Michael , Noonan Patrick , Smith Ben , Knight Brodie , Richens Trevor , Wilson Neil , Walsh Kevin , James Adam , Thomson John , Bentham Jamie , Hayes Nicholas , Nazir Sajid , Adwani Satish , Shauq Arjamand , Ramaraj Ram , Duke Christopher , Taliotis Demetris , Kudumula Vikram , Yong San‐Fui , Morgan Gareth , Rosenthal Eric , Krasemann Thomas , Qureshi Shakeel , Crossland David , Hermuzi Tony , Martin Robin P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to report our national experience with transcatheter patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion in infants weighing <6 kg.BackgroundThe technique of transcatheter PDA closure has evolved in the past two decades and is increasingly used in smaller patients but data on safety and efficacy are limited.MethodsPatients weighing < 6 kg in whom transcatheter PDA occlusion was attempted in 13 tertiary paediatric cardiology units in the United Kingdom and Ireland were retrospectively analyzed to review the outcome and complications.ResultsA total of 408 patients underwent attempted transcatheter PDA closure between January 2004 and December 2014. The mean weight at catheterization was 4.9 ± 1.0 kg and mean age was 5.7 ± 3.0 months. Successful device implantation was achieved in 374 (92%) patients without major complication and of these, complete occlusion was achieved in 356 (95%) patients at last available follow‐up. Device embolization occurred in 20 cases (5%). The incidence of device related obstruction to the left pulmonary artery or aorta and access related peripheral vascular injury were low. There were no deaths related to the procedure.ConclusionsTranscatheter closure of PDA can be accomplished in selected infants weighing <6 kg despite the manufacturer's recommended weight limit of 6 kg for most ductal occluders. The embolization rate is higher than previously reported in larger patients. Retrievability of the occluder and duct morphology needs careful consideration before deciding whether surgical ligation or transcatheter therapy is the better treatment option.
Acute and mid‐term outcomes of stent implantation for recurrent coarctation of the aorta between the Norwood operation and fontan completion: A multi‐center Pediatric Interventional Cardiology Early Career Society Investigation
Authors: Aldoss Osamah , Goldstein Bryan H. , Danon Saar , Goreczny Sebastian , Gray Robert G. , Sathanandam Shyam , Whiteside Wendy , Williams Derek A. , Zampi Jeffrey D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesWe sought to evaluate outcomes of stent implantation (SI) for recurrent coarctation of the aorta (RC) following the Norwood operation.BackgroundRC is common following the Norwood operation. Balloon angioplasty (BA) is standard treatment but may result in unsatisfactory relief of RC. SI may improve RC, but outcome data are limited.MethodsWe performed a multi‐center retrospective study of patients who underwent SI for RC between the Norwood operation and Fontan completion. Outcomes were examined, including procedural success, serious adverse events (SAE), and freedom from re‐intervention. A core laboratory was utilized to review angiograms. Coarctation Index (CI) was calculated before and after SI. Paired t‐test and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test were used to compare pre‐ and post‐SI variables.ResultsThirty‐three patients at 8 centers underwent SI for RC at a median age of 5 months (IQR 4.1, 13.3) and weight of 5.9 kg (5.2, 8.6). Aortic arch gradient improved from 20 (15, 24) to 0 (0, 2) mmHg following SI (P < 0.0001). The median CI improved from 0.54 (0.43, 0.62) to 0.97 (0.89, 1.06) following SI (P < 0.0001). There were no procedural deaths but SAEs occurred in 12 (36%) patients. During a median follow‐up duration of 29.7 months (6.8, 48.0), freedom from death or heart transplant was 82%, and from re‐intervention was 45%, with median time to re‐intervention of 20.1 months (11.4, 40.3).ConclusionsSI for treatment of RC in patients after the Norwood operation provides excellent acute relief of obstruction. Intraprocedural hemodynamic instability is common and re‐intervention is frequent at mid‐term follow‐up.
Persistent serum creatinine increase following contrast‐induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Briguori Carlo , Quintavalle Cristina , De Micco Francesca , Visconti Gabriella , Di Palma Vito , Napolitano Giovanni , Focaccio Amelia , Condorelli Gerolama 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundContrast‐induced acute kidney injury (CI‐AKI) may led to both a transient and a persistent serum creatinine (sCr) increase.ObjectivesTo assess whether serum cystatin C (sCyC) and urine and serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (uNGAL, sNGAL) are useful in the early identification of persistent sCr increase following CI‐AKI.MethodsOne hundred and eighteen patients who developed CI‐AKI were included into the study. Persistent sCr elevation was defined as a persistent increase ≥0.3 mg dL−1 at 1 month after contrast media (CM) administration.ResultssCr levels recovered in 87 patients (74%; Transient group), whereas a persistent elevation of sCr was observed in the remaining 31 patients (26%; Persistent group). By multivariable logistic regression analysis, independent predictors of persistent sCr increase were insulin therapy, uNGAL at 48 hr and absolute sCr difference between 48 and 72 hr. On the contrary, sCyC assessment did not help in the early identification of this subset of patients. By receiver operating curve analysis, the best cutoff values for predicting persistent sCr increase were uNGAL ≥0.50 ng dL−1 at 48 hr, and the absolute sCr increase ≥0.20 mg dL−1 between 48 and 72 hr.ConclusionsuNGAL ≥0.50 ng dL−1 at 48 hr and absolute sCr increase ≥0.20 mg dL−1 between 48 and 72 hr but not sCyC are useful in the early identification of patients developing persistent sCr increase after CM administration.
From Gardner fibroma diagnosis to constitutional APC mutation detection: a one‐way street
Authors: Santoro Claudia , Giugliano Teresa , Bifano Delfina , D'Anna Carolina , D'Onofrio Vittoria , Perrotta Silverio 
Published: August 2017

Key Clinical MessageWe report a young child without a family history of FAP, who promptly underwent APC testing after the histological confirmation of a paraspinal GAF that was not isolated. Our case report reinforces the suggestion advanced by previous authors for an APC analysis in all patients with GAF.
Synthesis of Spirocyclic Pyrrolidines: Advanced Building Blocks for Drug Discovery
Authors: Chalyk Bohdan A. , Butko Maryna V. , Yanshyna Oksana O. , Gavrilenko Konstantin S. , Druzhenko Tetiana V. , Mykhailiuk Pavel K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the context of drug discovery, novel spirocyclic pyrrolidines have been synthesized in two steps from common three‐ to seven‐membered‐ring (hetero)alicyclic ketones. The key transformation is a reaction between an electron‐deficient exocyclic alkene and an in situ generated N‐benzyl azomethine ylide. The developed method has been used to synthesize the central diamine core of the known antibacterial agents Sitafloxacin and Olamufloxacin.
Metal ions from S‐PRG filler have the potential to prevent periodontal disease
Authors: Iwamatsu‐Kobayashi Yoko , Abe Syouta , Fujieda Yoshiyasu , Orimoto Ai , Kanehira Masafumi , Handa Keisuke , Venkataiah Venkata Suresh , Zou Wei , Ishikawa Masaki , Saito Masahiro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe surface pre‐reacted glass ionomer (S‐PRG) filler, a component of composite resin, is capable of releasing metal ions that possess antibacterial activity against caries and periodontal pathogens. Although S‐PRG has been suggested to be involved in oral disease prevention, no reports have been published regarding its preventive effect on periodontal disease in vivo. The present study investigated whether the eluate from S‐PRG (S‐PRG eluate) has a suppressive effect on tissue destruction induced in a mouse model of ligature‐induced periodontal disease. Twenty‐seven C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups of nine animals each, no ligature group (Lig(−)), ligature group (Lig(+)S‐PRG(−)) and ligature with S‐PRG eluate group (Lig(+)S‐PRG(+)). Alveolar bone loss was evaluated using micro‐computed tomography scanning. Histologic changes were detected by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The infiltration of inflammatory cells was assessed by Ly6G and F4/80 staining immunohistochemically. The distribution of metal ions was detected by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. S‐PRG eluate clearly inhibited alveolar bone loss and bone density. The histological analysis revealed that S‐PRG eluate reduced destruction of the collagen bundle in the periodontal ligament and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the S‐PRG eluate significantly suppressed the number of infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages. Time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis revealed that more boron ions were present in the Lig(+)S‐PRG(+) group than in the Lig(+)S‐PRG(−) group. Our results suggest that the S‐PRG eluate has a preventive effect against tissue destruction in periodontal disease through its anti‐inflammatory effects in vivo.