bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of infant and toddler sleep patterns: real‐world data from a mobile application
Authors: Mindell Jodi A. , Leichman Erin S. , Composto Jordana , Lee Christina , Bhullar Bula , Walters Russel M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe aim of this study was to investigate the development of infant and toddler sleep patterns. Data were collected on 841 children (aged from birth to 36 months) via a free, publicly available, commercially sponsored iPhone app. Analyses were conducted on caregiver recordings of 156 989 sleep sessions across a 19‐month period. Detailed visualizations of the development of sleep across the first 3 years of life are presented. In the first 3 months, sleep sessions primarily lasted less than 3.5 h throughout the day. Between 3 and 7 months old, sleep consolidated into two naps of about 1.5 h in length and a night‐time sleep session of about 10.5 h. Across age groups, a negative relationship was observed between the start of bedtime and the length of the night‐time sleep session (i.e. later bedtime is associated with a shorter night‐time sleep period). The length of daytime sleep sessions (naps) varied with age, decreasing between 1 and 5 months old, and then increasing monotonically through 28 months. Morning wake time was observed to be invariant in children aged 5–36 months. Sleep patterns are ever‐changing across the first few years with wide individual variability. Sleep patterns start to develop more clearly at 5–6 months, when longer night‐time sleep duration begins and sleep consolidation occurs. Daytime sleep patterns appeared to become more consistent and consolidated later in age than night‐time sleep. Finally, there is greater variability in bedtimes than wake times, with bedtimes having a greater influence on night‐time sleep duration.
Long‐term outcomes following percutaneous hepatic vein recanalization for Budd–Chiari syndrome
Authors: Tripathi Dhiraj , Sunderraj Lawrence , Vemala Vishwaraj , Mehrzad Homoyon , Zia Zergham , Mangat Kamarjit , West Richard , Chen Frederick , Elias Elwyn , Olliff Simon P 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsA proportion of patients with Budd–Chiari Syndrome (BCS) associated with stenosis or short occlusion of the hepatic vein (HV) or upper inferior vena cava (IVC) can be treated with recanalization by percutaneous venoplasty ± HV stent insertion. We studied the long‐term outcomes of this approach.MethodsSingle‐centre retrospective analysis of patients referred for radiological assessment ± intervention over a 27‐year period. Of 155 BCS patients, 63 patients who underwent venoplasty were studied and compared to a previously reported series treated by TIPSS (n = 59).ResultsPatients treated with HV interventions (32 venoplasty alone, 31 endovascular stents): mean age, 34.9 ± 10.9; M:F ratio 27:36; median follow‐up, 113.0 months; 62% of patients had ≥1 haematological risk factor. Technical success was 100%, with symptom resolution in 73%. Cumulative secondary patency at 1, 5, 10 years was 92%, 79%, 79% and 69%, 69%, 64% in the stenting and venoplasty groups respectively. Where long‐term patency was not achieved, 10 patients required TIPSS, and 8 underwent surgery. Actuarial survival at 1, 5, 10 years was 97%, 89% and 85%. When compared to TIPSS, HV interventions resulted in similar patency and survival rates but significantly lower procedural complications (9.5% vs 27.1%) and hepatic encephalopathy (0% vs 18%). Patient age predicted survival following multivariate analysis.ConclusionsOur data support the stepwise approach to management of BCS, with very good outcomes from venoplasty combined with stenting when required. TIPSS should only be offered where HV interventions are not feasible or unsuccessful.
ADAMTS5 deficiency protects against non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis in obesity
Authors: Bauters Dries , Spincemaille Pieter , Geys Lotte , Cassiman David , Vermeersch Pieter , Bedossa Pierre , Scroyen Ilse , Lijnen Henri R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsIncreased prevalence of obesity is paralleled by an increase in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We previously found that the expression of ADAMTS5 (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin type 1 motifs; member 5) is enhanced in expanding adipose tissue. However, no information is available on a potential role in liver pathology. We studied the effect of ADAMTS5 deficiency on NASH in mice.MethodsWild‐type (Adamts5+/+) and deficient (Adamts5−/−) mice were kept on a standard‐ or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 15 weeks. Alternatively, steatohepatitis was induced with methionine/choline‐deficient (MCD) diet.ResultsHFD feeding resulted in comparable body weights for both genotypes, but Adamts5−/− mice had approximately 40% lower liver weight (P = 0.0004). In the Adamts5−/− mice, the HFD as well as the MCD diet consistently induced less NASH with less fibrosis. The deteriorating effect of ADAMTS5 on the liver during diet‐induced obesity may be due, at least in part, to proteolytic cleavage of the matrix components syndecan‐1 and versican, thereby enhancing hepatic triglyceride clearance from the circulation. Plasma lipid levels were elevated in obese Adamts5−/− mice. There was no clear effect of ADAMTS5 deficiency on glycaemia or glucose tolerance, whereas insulin sensitivity was somewhat improved. Furthermore, Adamts5−/− mice were protected from hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction, as indicated by increased mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity, higher ATP levels and higher expression of antioxidant enzymes.ConclusionsAbsence of ADAMTS5 preserves liver integrity in a diet‐induced obesity model. Selective targeting of ADAMTS5 could provide a new therapeutic strategy for treatment/prevention of NASH.
Rethinking Macroeconomic Policy within a Simple Dynamic Model
Authors: Almudi Isabel , Fatas‐Villafranca Francisco , Jarne Gloria , Sanchez‐Choliz Julio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe propose a simple macro‐dynamic model to rethink standard policy prescriptions. Our model includes exogenous growth, endogenous capital accumulation and debt, demand‐driven production with a non‐linear IS curve, a dynamic Phillips curve, and fiscal and monetary policy instruments. It has multiple steady states with different stability properties, and it is analytically tractable to a significant extent. We complete the analytical results with simulations. We find alternative growth patterns, endogenous fluctuations, and demand‐driven level effects even in the long‐run. For certain steady states the model shows saddle‐path type instabilities, which lead us to reflect on fiscal and monetary policy standards.
A Spatial Network Model for Civil Infrastructure System Development
Authors: Fu Gaihua , Wilkinson Sean , Dawson Richard J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInfrastructure networks play an important role in improving economic prosperity, enabling movement of resources, and protecting communities from hazards. As these networks serve population, they evolve in response to social, economic, environmental, and technological changes. Consideration of these interactions has thus far been limited by use of simplified data sets and idealized network structures, and is unable to explain the complexity and suboptimal structures displayed by real infrastructure networks. This article presents a new computational model that simulates the growth and evolution of infrastructure systems. Empirical evidence obtained from analysis of nontrivial real‐world data sets is used to identify the mechanisms that guide and govern system‐scale evolution of infrastructure networks. The model investigates the interplay of three key drivers, namely network demand, network efficiency, and network cost in shaping infrastructure network architectures. The validity of the model is verified by comparing key topological and spatial properties of simulated networks with real‐world networks from six infrastructure sectors. The model is used to develop and explore different scenarios of infrastructure network futures, and their resilience is shown to change as a result of different infrastructure management policies. The model can therefore be used to identify system‐wide infrastructure engineering strategies to reduce network costs, increase network efficiency, and improve the resilience of infrastructure networks to disruptive events.
Patient experiences of training and transition to home haemodialysis: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Hanson Camilla S , Chapman Jeremy R , Craig Jonathan C , Harris David C , Kairaitis Lukas K , Nicdao Maryann , Mikaheal Mary , Tong Allison 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimThis study aims to describe patients' perspectives on the transition to home haemodialysis.MethodsUp to three sequential semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 20 patients during the transition to home haemodialysis at an Australian renal unit. Transcripts were analysed thematically. Participants completed a satisfaction questionnaire after commencing home haemodialysis.ResultsWe identified six themes: persevering despite trepidations (diminishing intimidation of machinery, acquiescing to fatal risks, reconciling fears of cannulation, dispelling concerns of neglect and tolerating necessary concessions); optimizing the learning pathway (practising problem solving, learning from mistakes, grasping technical complexity, minimizing cognitive overload and progressing at own pace); developing confidence (believing in own abilities, adapting to independence, depending on caregiver partnership and faith in crisis support); interrupted transition momentum (lacking individual attention, language barriers, installation delays, interfering illness and complications and acclimatizing to new conditions); noticing immediate gains (reclaiming lifestyle normality, satisfying self‐sufficiency, personalizing treatment regime and thriving in a positive environment); and depleting resources and energy (exhaustion with gruelling routine, confronting medicalization of the home, draining financial reserves and imposing family burden). Fewer than 30% of respondents indicated low satisfaction with staff availability domains, staff interpersonal domains or technical domains.ConclusionHome haemodialysis training fosters confidence in patients; however, many patients experience stress because of medical isolation, treatment responsibilities, family impositions and financial difficulties. Addressing patient's on‐going psychosocial concerns may alleviate burdens on patients and their families during the transition to home haemodialysis.
Neurobiology of early life stress and visceral pain: translational relevance from animal models to patient care
Authors: Prusator D. K. , Andrews A. , Greenwood‐Van Meerveld B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundEpidemiological studies show that females are twice as likely to receive a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) than their male counterparts. Despite evidence pointing to a role for sex hormones in the onset or exacerbation of IBS symptoms, the mechanism by which ovarian hormones may predispose women to develop IBS remains largely undefined. On the other hand, there is a growing body of research showing a correlation between reports of early life stress (ELS) and the diagnosis of IBS. Current treatments available for IBS patients target symptom relief including abdominal pain and alterations in bowel habits, but are not directed to the etiology of the disease.PurposeTo better understand the mechanisms by which sex hormones and ELS contribute to IBS, animal models have been developed to mirror complex human experiences allowing for longitudinal studies that investigate the lifelong consequences of ELS. These preclinical models have been successful in recapitulating ELS‐induced visceral pain. Moreover, in female rats the influence of cycling hormones on visceral hypersensitivity resembles that seen in women with IBS. Such studies suggest that rodent models of ELS may serve as pivotal tools in determining (i) the etiology of IBS, (ii) novel future treatments for IBS, and (iii) improving individualized patient care. The current review aims to shed light on the progress and the challenges observed by clinicians within the field of gastroenterology and the preclinical science aimed at addressing those challenges in an effort to understand and more efficiently treat functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) in both children and adults.
The Endoscopic Reference Score shows modest accuracy to predict histologic remission in adult patients with eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: van Rhijn B. D. , Verheij J. , Smout A. J. P. M. , Bredenoord A. J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe relationship between the severity of endoscopic signs scored according to the Endoscopic Reference Score (EREFS) and histopathologic signs of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) has not been sufficiently explored. We aimed to determine if the EREFS system predicts histopathologic activity in EoE patients.MethodsWe included 69 patients with EoE (age 35 [IQR 29–48] years; 80% male) who, between 2006 and 2014, underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) during which high‐quality endoscopic images were taken and esophageal biopsy specimens were obtained. Per EGD, three or more depersonalized images were scored by an expert endoscopist, and histopathologic signs were scored by a pathologist with gastrointestinal expertise; both in a blinded fashion. The predictive values of endoscopic signs for disease activity (peak eosinophil count) were calculated. In addition, we measured the utility of the EREFS in the follow‐up of 35 EoE patients.Key ResultsIndividual endoscopic signs did not correspond to the peak eosinophil count or other histopathologic signs. Although the composite fibrotic signs score, inflammatory signs score, and total EREFS correlated weakly to moderately with the peak eosinophil count, none of these scores had both high positive and negative predictive values for histopathologic disease activity. In the follow‐up of 35 patients, lower peak eosinophil counts were not associated with a decrease in endoscopic abnormalities.Conclusions & InferencesIn adult patients with EoE, the EREFS system correlates with peak eosinophil counts, but their predictive value for disease activity is insufficient for clinical use. Therefore, biopsies remain indispensable for the assessment of disease activity.
IRAK1 variant is protective for orthodontic‐induced external apical root resorption
Authors: Pereira S , Nogueira L , Canova F , Lopez M , Silva HC 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveInterleukin‐1 beta (IL1B) pathway is a key player in orthodontic‐induced external apical root resorption (EARR). The aim of this work was to identify the genes related to the IL1 pathway as possible candidate genes for EARR, which might be included in an integrative predictive model of this complex phenotype.Materials and MethodsUsing a stepwise multiple linear regression model, 195 patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment were assessed for clinical and genetic factors associated with %EARRmax (maximum %EARR value obtained for each patient). The four maxillary incisors and the two maxillary canines were assessed. Three functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped: rs1143634 in IL1B gene, rs315952 in IL1RN gene, and rs1059703 in X‐linked IRAK1 gene.ResultsThe model showed that four of the nine clinical variables and one SNP explained 30% of the %EARRmax variability. The most significant unique contributions to the model were gender (P = 0.001), treatment duration (P < 0.001), premolar extractions (P = 0.003), Hyrax appliance (P < 0.001), and homozygosity/hemizygosity for variant C from IRAK1 gene (P = 0.018), which proved to be a protective factor.ConclusionIRAK1 polymorphism is proposed as a protective variant for EARR.
Indirect selection for resistance to Stenocarpella maydis and Fusarium graminearum and the prospects of selecting for high‐yielding and resistant maize hybrids
Authors: Tembo Langa , Asea Godfrey , Gibson Paul T. , Okori Patrick 
Published: June 2016

AbstractStenocarpella maydis and Fusarium graminearum affect grain yield and quality as a result of mycotoxins produced. A negative association of yield with resistance to cob rots has been reported. The objectives of this study were therefore to investigate the influence of cob characteristics on the response to F. graminearum and S. maydis disease reaction and evaluate the prospects of direct selection for high‐yielding and resistant maize hybrids. In this study, the pathogens were directly introduced to the cob through toothpick inoculation. Correlation of husk cover to disease severity of each pathogen, separately toothpick inoculated, was significant (P < 0.01). However, the low r values (<0.45) of traits associated with the response to inoculation by S. maydis and F. graminearum imply that indirect selection would not be beneficial for obtaining the type of resistance shown under inoculation. Several hybrids combined good yields with at least moderate resistance to both pathogens.
Haploid differentiation in maize kernels based on fluorescence imaging
Authors: Boote Brett W. , Freppon Daniel J. , De La Fuente Gerald N. , Lübberstedt Thomas , Nikolau Basil J. , Smith Emily A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new fluorescence‐based method for inbred haploid differentiation in maize kernels was developed by utilizing the R1‐nj colour marker in combination with fluorescence microspectroscopy and imaging. Seven inbred lines with varying R1‐nj expression were used in this study. The fluorescence response of the diploid kernels at the embryonic dye spot was shown to simultaneously exhibit lower intensity and occur at a higher wavelength than the fluorescence of the dye‐lacking haploid embryos. Intensity and area thresholds were applied to fluorescence images to sort the haploids from mixed sample populations, and sorting efficiencies of greater than 80% were achieved in all seven inbred lines (with values greater than 90% for five lines). The potential for high‐throughput sorting when fluorescence imaging is combined with existing technologies for seed handling as well as high sorting efficiency may make fluorescence a viable and promising alternative to current sorting methods for some inbred lines.
Usefulness of an angioplasty balloon as selective bronchial blockade device after transbronchial cryobiopsy
Authors: Echevarria‐Uraga José Javier , Pérez‐Izquierdo Julio , García‐Garai Nerea , Gómez‐Jiménez Estíbaliz , Aramburu‐Ojembarrena Amaia , Tena‐Tudanca Luis , Miguélez‐Vidales José L. , Capelastegui‐Saiz Alberto 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground and objectiveTransbronchial cryobiopsy (TBCB) is a technique in which frozen samples of lung are obtained using a probe inserted through a bronchoscope. We performed a retrospective study to assess the performance of the TBCB procedure complemented by segmental bronchial blockade using an angioplasty balloon, in terms of diagnostic yield and safety in diffuse parenchymal lung disease (DPLD).MethodsData from 100 patients with suspected DPLD (clinical and radiological findings), who underwent TBCB in our institution to establish a definitive diagnosis, were reviewed. In our institution, TBCB is monitored with fluoroscopy and performed under general anaesthesia by a multidisciplinary team (an anaesthesiologist, a pulmonologist and an interventional radiologist). In each patient, four samples were collected using a 2.4‐mm distal diameter cryoprobe. To control bleeding, the biopsied segmental bronchus was blocked with a 6‐mm diameter angioplasty balloon, inserted over a 0.035‐inch angled hydrophilic guidewire. After the cryoextraction, the balloon was inflated for 3 min intervals until bleeding stopped.ResultsOverall, 98% of samples had diagnostic value. In 85% of cases, DPLD was confirmed, while in 7%, cancer was diagnosed. Complications were observed in 16% of the patients: 13 patients developed moderate haemorrhage, and 3 developed pneumothorax.ConclusionTransbronchial cryobiopsy had a high diagnostic yield for DPLD. Performing the procedure under fluoroscopy guidance and using angioplasty balloon for selective bronchial blockade achieved a low rate of iatrogenic complications directly associated with the technique.
The Neotropical ‘polymorphic earless praying mantises’ – Part I: molecular phylogeny and revised higher‐level systematics (Insecta: Mantodea, Acanthopoidea)
Authors: RIVERA JULIO , SVENSON GAVIN J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe perform phylogenetic analyses of the ‘polymorphic earless praying mantises’, a heterogeneous assemblage comprisingc.55% of mantodean diversity in the Neotropics. Bayesian and maximum‐likelihood were implemented on aDNAdataset of 9949 aligned nucleic acid characters comprising ten mitochondrial and nuclear genes. Our analyses largely resolved congruent relationships with high levels of support for higher‐level taxonomic groups, but revealed extensive inconsistencies between the resolved topology and morphology‐based classification systems. The polymorphic earless praying mantises, now granted superfamily status as the Acanthopoideastat. n.,comprises 8 families, 15 subfamilies and 18 tribes. Our newly revised organization required the following taxonomic changes: (i) Thespidaesensu n.,including subfamilies Pseudopogonogastrinaesubfam. n.,Pseudomiopteryginaesensu n.,Bantiinaesubfam. n.,Miobantiinaesensu n.and Thespinaesensu n.(tribes Musoniellinitrib. n.and Thespinisensu n.); (ii) Angelidaestat. n.etsensu n.; (iii) Coptopterygidaestat. n.; (iv) Liturgusidaesensu n.; (v) Photinaidaestat. n.,including Macromantinaestat. n.,Cardiopterinaestat. n.,Photiomantinaesubfam. n.and Photinainaesensu n.(tribes Microphotininitrib. n.,Orthoderellinistat. n.and Photinainisensu n.); (vi) Stenophyllidaestat. n.; (vii) Acontistidaestat. n.; and (viii) Acanthopidaesensu n.Our new system also resulted in the reassignment of various genera to new and existing higher‐level taxa, the exclusion of old world genera otherwise traditionally classified among the Thespidae, Liturgusidae and Angelidae, the confirmation ofStenophyllaWestwood as member of this clade, and the revalidation ofParadiabantiaPizastat. r.We provide diagnoses for all suprageneric taxa using external morphological characters and male genitalia. A key to higher‐level groups is provided. We incorporate egg case structural variation as a novel approach for taxon delineation.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:29E37322‐30EB‐4F64‐80C9‐E2149B5B0195.