bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Modified Posterolateral Approach for Radiofrequency Denervation of the Medial Branch of the Cervical Segmental Nerve in Cervical Facet Joint Pain Based on Anatomical Considerations
Authors: van Eerd Maarten , Lataster Arno , Sommer Micha , Patijn Jacob , van Kleef Maarten 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe cervical facet joints, also called the zygapophyseal joints, are a potential source of neck pain (cervical facet joint pain). The cervical facet joints are innervated by the cervical medial branches (CMBs) of the cervical segmental nerves. Cervical facet joint pain has been shown to respond to multisegmental radiofrequency denervation of the cervical medial branches. This procedure is performed under fluoroscopic guidance. Currently, three approaches are described and used. Those three techniques of radiofrequency treatment of the CMBs, classified on the base of the needle trajectory toward the anatomical planes, are as follows: the posterolateral technique, the posterior technique, and the lateral technique.We describe the three techniques with their advantages and disadvantages. Anatomical studies providing a topographic anatomy of the course of the CMBs are reviewed.We developed a novel approach based on the observed strengths and weaknesses of the three currently used approaches and based on recent anatomical findings. With this fluoroscopic‐guided approach, there is always bone (the facet column) in front of the needle, which makes it safer, and the insertion point is easier to determine without the risk of positioning the radiofrequency needle too dorsally.
Stellate Ganglion Block in the Treatment of Post‐traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review of Historical and Recent Literature
Authors: Summers Mary R. , Nevin Remington L. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConcerns over the rising prevalence of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), particularly among military service members returning from combat, and over barriers that hinder individuals from seeking out or adhering to standard therapies have contributed to interest in alternative therapies for the disorder. A novel alternative therapy for PTSD—stellate ganglion block (SGB)—may be considered lacking in formal evidence of efficacy despite having shown considerable promise. This review of the recent and historical literature related to SGB finds evidence of substantial beneficial psychiatric effects and substantiates that this fast‐acting, somatic treatment may provide positive results for patients with PTSD and may reduce barriers to therapy, particularly among military populations.
A Comprehensive Outcome‐Specific Review of the Use of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Authors: Visnjevac Ognjen , Costandi Shrif , Patel Bimal A. , Azer Girgis , Agarwal Priya , Bolash Robert , Mekhail Nagy A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundComplex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a painful, debilitating affliction that is often difficult to treat. It has become common international practice to use spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for the treatment of CRPS as other therapies fail to provide adequate relief, quality of life, or improvement in function. This comprehensive outcome‐specific systematic review of the use of SCS for CRPS was performed to elucidate the available evidence with focus on clinically relevant patient‐specific outcomes.MethodsA systematic review of the literature was conducted to evaluate the effects of SCS on patients with CRPS for the following outcomes and provide summary levels of evidence in regard to each outcome: perceived pain relief, pain score, resolution of CRPS signs, functional status, quality of life, psychological impact, sleep hygiene, analgesic medication utilization, and patient satisfaction with SCS therapy. Search terms included “complex regional pain syndrome,” “spinal cord stimulation,” and “reflex sympathetic dystrophy,” without restriction of language, date, or type of publication, albeit only original data were included in analyses. Of 30 studies selected, seven systematic reviews were excluded, as were four studies reporting combination therapy that included SCS and other therapies (ie, concurrent peripheral nerve stimulation, intrathecal therapy) without clear delineation to the effect of SCS alone on outcomes. A total of 19 manuscripts were evaluated.ResultsPerceived pain relief, pain score improvement, quality of life, and satisfaction with SCS were all rated 1B+, reflecting positive high‐level (randomized controlled trial) evidence favoring SCS use for the treatment of CRPS. Evidence for functional status improvements and psychological effects of SCS was inconclusive, albeit emanating from a randomized controlled trial (evidence level 2B±), and outcomes evidence for both sleep hygiene and resolution of CRPS signs was either nonexistent or of too low quality from which to draw conclusions (evidence level 0). An analgesic sparing effect was observed in nonrandomized reports, reflecting an evidence level of 2C+.ConclusionsSpinal cord stimulation remains a favorable and effective modality for treating CRPS with high‐level evidence (1B+) supporting its role in improving CRPS patients' perceived pain relief, pain score, and quality of life. A paucity of evidence for functional improvements, resolution of CRPS signs, sleep hygiene, psychological impact, and analgesic sparing effects mandate further investigation before conclusions can be drawn for these specific outcomes.
Elevated acetyl‐CoA by amino acid recycling fuels microalgal neutral lipid accumulation in exponential growth phase for biofuel production
Authors: Yao Lina , Shen Hui , Wang Nan , Tatlay Jaspaul , Li Liang , Tan Tin Wee , Lee Yuan Kun 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMicroalgal neutral lipids [mainly in the form of triacylglycerols (TAGs)], feasible substrates for biofuel, are typically accumulated during the stationary growth phase. To make microalgal biofuels economically competitive with fossil fuels, generating strains that trigger TAG accumulation from the exponential growth phase is a promising biological approach. The regulatory mechanisms to trigger TAG accumulation from the exponential growth phase (TAEP) are important to be uncovered for advancing economic feasibility. Through the inhibition of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase by sodium dichloroacetate, acetyl‐CoA level increased, resulting in TAEP in microalga Dunaliella tertiolecta. We further reported refilling of acetyl‐CoA pool through branched‐chain amino acid catabolism contributed to an overall sixfold TAEP with marginal compromise (4%) on growth in a TAG‐rich D. tertiolecta mutant from targeted screening. Herein, a three‐step α loop‐integrated metabolic model is introduced to shed lights on the neutral lipid regulatory mechanism. This article provides novel approaches to compress lipid production phase and heightens lipid productivity and photosynthetic carbon capture via enhancing acetyl‐CoA level, which would optimize renewable microalgal biofuel to fulfil the demanding fuel market.
The defence‐associated transcriptome of hexaploid wheat displays homoeolog expression and induction bias
Authors: Powell Jonathan J. , Fitzgerald Timothy L. , Stiller Jiri , Berkman Paul J. , Gardiner Donald M. , Manners John M. , Henry Robert J. , Kazan Kemal 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an allopolyploid species containing three ancestral genomes. Therefore, three homoeologous copies exist for the majority of genes in the wheat genome. Whether different homoeologs are differentially expressed (homoeolog expression bias) in response to biotic and abiotic stresses is poorly understood. In this study, we applied a RNA‐seq approach to analyse homoeolog‐specific global gene expression patterns in wheat during infection by the fungal pathogen Fusarium pseudograminearum, which causes crown rot disease in cereals. To ensure specific detection of homoeologs, we first optimized read alignment methods and validated the results experimentally on genes with known patterns of subgenome‐specific expression. Our global analysis identified widespread patterns of differential expression among homoeologs, indicating homoeolog expression bias underpins a large proportion of the wheat transcriptome. In particular, genes differentially expressed in response to Fusarium infection were found to be disproportionately contributed from B and D subgenomes. In addition, we found differences in the degree of responsiveness to pathogen infection among homoeologous genes with B and D homoeologs exhibiting stronger responses to pathogen infection than A genome copies. We call this latter phenomenon as ‘homoeolog induction bias’. Understanding how homoeolog expression and induction biases operate may assist the improvement of biotic stress tolerance in wheat and other polyploid crop species.
A synthesis of the effects of atmospheric carbon dioxide enrichment on plant hydraulics: implications for whole‐plant water use efficiency and resistance to drought
Authors: Domec Jean‐Christophe , Smith Duncan D. , McCulloh Kate A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHere, we summarize studies on the effects of elevated [CO2] (CO2e) on the structure and function of plant hydraulic architecture and explore the implications of those changes using a model. Changes in conduit diameter and hydraulic conductance due to CO2e vary among species. Ring‐porous species tend towards an increase in conduit size and consequently conductivity. The effect in diffuse‐porous species is much more limited. In conifers, the results are mixed, some species show minor changes in xylem structure, while other studies found increases in tracheid density and diameter. Non‐woody plants generally exhibited the reverse pattern with narrower conduits and lower hydraulic conductivity under CO2e. Further, changes in drought‐resistance traits suggest that non‐woody plants were the most affected by CO2e, which may permit them to better resist drought‐induced embolism under future conditions. Due to their complexity, acclimation in hydraulic traits in response to CO2e is difficult to interpret when relying solely on measurements. When we examined how the observed tissues‐specific trends might alter plant function, our modelling results suggest that these hydraulic changes would lead to reduced conductance and more frequent drought stress in trees that develop under CO2e with a more pronounced effect in isohydric than in anisohydric species.
Leaf water stable isotopes and water transport outside the xylem
Authors: Barbour M. M. , Farquhar G. D. , Buckley T. N. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHow water moves through leaves, and where the phase change from liquid to vapour occurs within leaves, remain largely mysterious. Some time ago, we suggested that the stable isotope composition of leaf water may contain information on transport pathways beyond the xylem, through differences in the development of gradients in enrichment within the various pathways. Subsequent testing of this suggestion provided ambiguous results and even questioned the existence of gradients in enrichment within the mesophyll. In this review, we bring together recent theoretical developments in understanding leaf water transport pathways and stable isotope theory to map a path for future work into understanding pathways of water transport and leaf water stable isotope composition. We emphasize the need for a spatially, anatomically and isotopically explicit model of leaf water transport.
Water potential regulation, stomatal behaviour and hydraulic transport under drought: deconstructing the iso/anisohydric concept
Authors: Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Garcia‐Forner Núria 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this review, we address the relationship between stomatal behaviour, water potential regulation and hydraulic transport in plants, focusing on the implications for the iso/anisohydric classification of plant drought responses at seasonal timescales. We first revise the history of the isohydric concept and its possible definitions. Then, we use published data to answer two main questions: (1) is greater stomatal control in response to decreasing water availability associated with a tighter regulation of leaf water potential (ΨL) across species? and (2) is there an association between tighter ΨL regulation (~isohydric behaviour) and lower leaf conductance over time during a drought event? These two questions are addressed at two levels: across species growing in different sites and comparing only species coexisting at a given site. Our analyses show that, across species, a tight regulation of ΨL is not necessarily associated with greater stomatal control or with more constrained assimilation during drought. Therefore, iso/anisohydry defined in terms of ΨL regulation cannot be used as an indicator of a specific mechanism of drought‐induced mortality or as a proxy for overall plant vulnerability to drought.
A molecular phylogeny and revised higher‐level classification for the leaf‐mining moth family Gracillariidae and its implications for larval host‐use evolution
Authors: KAWAHARA AKITO Y. , PLOTKIN DAVID , OHSHIMA ISSEI , LOPEZ‐VAAMONDE CARLOS , HOULIHAN PETER R. , BREINHOLT JESSE W. , KAWAKITA ATSUSHI , XIAO LEI , REGIER JEROME C. , DAVIS DONALD R. , KUMATA TOSIO , SOHN JAE‐CHEON , DE PRINS JURATE , MITTER CHARLES 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGracillariidae are one of the most diverse families of internally feeding insects, and many species are economically important. Study of this family has been hampered by lack of a robust and comprehensive phylogeny. In the present paper, we sequenced up to 22 genes in 96 gracillariid species, representing all previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups, plus 20 outgroups representing other families and superfamilies. Following objective identification and removal of two rogue taxa, two datasets were constructed: dataset 1, which included 12 loci totalling 9927 bp for 94 taxa, and dataset 2, which supplemented dataset 1 with 10 additional loci for 10 taxa, for a total of 22 loci and 16 167 bp. Maximum likelihood analyses strongly supported the monophyly of Gracillariidae and most previously recognized subfamilies and genus groups. On this basis, we propose a new classification consisting of eight subfamilies, four of which are newly recognized or resurrected: Acrocercopinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Gracillariinae Stainton; Lithocolletinae Stainton; Marmarinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Oecophyllembiinae Réal & Balachowsky; Parornichinae Kawahara & Ohshima subfam. n.; Ornixolinae Kuznetzov & Baryshnikova stat. rev.; and Phyllocnistinae Zeller. The subfamily Gracillariinae is restricted to the monophyletic group comprising Gracillaria Haworth and closely related genera. We also formally transfer Acrocercops scriptulata Meyrick to Ornixolinae and use the name Diphtheroptila Vári, creating Diphtheroptila scriptulata comb. n. An exploratory mapping of larval host‐use traits on the phylogeny shows strong conservation of modes of leaf mining but much higher lability of associations with host plant orders and families, suggesting that host shifts could play a significant role in gracillariid diversification.This published work has been registered in ZooBank,
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:942814A2‐DE66‐41D4‐8AB6‐FF0B18C87EDB.
Bloodless medicine: current strategies and emerging treatment paradigms
Authors: Resar Linda M.S. , Wick Elizabeth C. , Almasri Talal Nael , Dackiw Elizabeth A. , Ness Paul M. , Frank Steven M. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDAdvances in our understanding of the risks associated with allogeneic blood transfusions (ABTs) and the growing number of patients who wish to avoid ABTs have led to the emergence of new treatment paradigms for “bloodless” medicine and surgery.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSHere, we review prior studies and summarize current strategies for bloodless care used at our institution. We advocate three basic principles: 1) diagnosing and aggressively treating anemia, 2) minimizing blood loss from laboratory testing and invasive procedures, and 3) identifying and managing bleeding diatheses. Anemia is treated with erythropoiesis‐stimulating agents as well as iron, folate, and B12 when indicated. Low‐volume phlebotomy tubes are used for laboratory testing. Autologous blood salvage is used for childbirth and surgical patients who have the potential for substantial bleeding.RESULTSAlthough there have been few retrospective studies and no prospective studies to guide management, prior studies suggest that outcomes for surgical patients managed without ABTs are comparable to those of historic controls.CONCLUSIONSGiven the emerging evidence that patients who avoid ABTs do as well if not better than patients who accept ABTs, further efforts are needed to determine whether all patients could benefit from bloodless strategies. Bloodless approaches in selected patients could reduce risks, improve outcomes, and decrease costs for all patients.
Feasibility of routine ferritin testing for donor management: validation of delayed processing and demonstration of within donor reproducibility over time
Authors: Stone Mars , Brambilla Donald , Murcia Karla , Dimapasoc Melanie , Cyrus Sherri , Cable Ritchard G. , Kiss Joseph E. , Busch Michael P. ,   NHLBI Recipient Epidemiology and Donor Evaluation Study‐III (REDS‐III)
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUNDUnderstanding the effect of delayed processing of whole blood on plasma ferritin will inform the feasibility of both routine ferritin testing in donors and clinical research study design.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSWhole blood tubes drawn from 16 donors were held at 4°C and centrifuged at 24‐hour intervals to assess plasma ferritin concentration up to 5 days after draw. Intraindividual variation over time was measured in 21 healthy donors in blood samples collected weekly for 4 weeks and then at 12 weeks.RESULTSNo significant variation in plasma ferritin concentration was observed in blood stored at 4°C for up to 5 days after draw (p = 0.32). The estimated loss of 4.75% ferritin over 5 days was within the reported 5% variation of the assay. Moderate intraindividual variation occurs over time in both sexes, with variability increasing with the mean. No difference was detected between men and women in the regression of standard deviation on mean ferritin (p = 0.43).CONCLUSIONSFerritin is stable in whole blood up to 5 days, demonstrating operational feasibility of its use in monitoring donor iron stores. Moderate fluctuations over time occur, but ferritin measurements are sufficiently reliable to determine donor iron status on the day of donation.
IMAGING DIAGNOSIS—COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY FINDINGS IN A CASE OF METASTATIC OVARIAN ADENOCARCINOMA IN A DOG
Authors: Rowan Conor , Cuddy Laura , Bryan Jill , Shiel Robert , Hoey Séamus 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA 5‐year‐old female entire German Shepherd presented for otitis and lethargy. An incidental abdominal mass was identified on examination. Ultrasound examination (US) identified a heterogeneous left ovarian mass. Computed tomography (CT) was performed for surgical planning and staging. The reproductive tract was removed en bloc and submitted for histopathology. Multiple small (1–5 mm) nodules identified at coeliotomy on the surface of the liver, spleen and peritoneum were biopsied. The lesions were not visible on CT nor US on review. This is the first case report of the CT findings of ovarian papillary adenocarcinoma with carcinomatosis.
The Effect of Sliding Humeral Osteotomy (SHO) on Frontal Plane Thoracic Limb Alignment: An Ex Vivo Canine Cadaveric Study
Authors: Breiteneicher Adam H. , Norby Bo , Schulz Kurt S. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Hulse Don A. , Fox Derek B. , Saunders W. Brian 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo determine the effect of sliding humeral osteotomy (SHO) on frontal plane thoracic limb alignment in standing and recumbent limb positions.Study DesignCanine cadaveric study.Sample PopulationCanine thoracic limbs (n=15 limb pairs).MethodsLimbs acquired from healthy Labrador Retrievers euthanatized for reasons unrelated to this study were mounted in a limb press and aligned in a standing position followed by axial loading at 30% body weight. Frontal plane radiography was performed in standing and recumbent positions pre‐ and post‐SHO. In the standing position, lateralization of the foot was measured pre‐ and post‐SHO using a textured grid secured to the limb press base plate. Twelve thoracic limb alignment values (mean ± SD and 95% CI) were determined using the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) method were compared using linear mixed models to determine if significant differences existed between limb alignment values pre‐ or post‐SHO, controlling for dog, limb, and limb position.ResultsSix of 12 standing or recumbent alignment values were significantly different pre‐ and post‐SHO. SHO resulted in decreased mechanical lateral distal humeral angle and movement of the mechanical humeral radio‐ulnar angle, radio‐ulnar metacarpal angle, thoracic humeral angle, and elbow mechanical axis deviation toward coaxial limb alignment. In the standing position, the foot underwent significant lateralization post‐SHO.ConclusionSHO resulted in significant alteration in frontal plane thoracic limb alignment. Additional studies are necessary to determine if the changes reported using our ex vivo model occur following SHO in vivo.
New Graduate Nurses’ Developmental Trajectories for Capability Beliefs Concerning Core Competencies for Healthcare Professionals: A National Cohort Study on Patient‐Centered Care, Teamwork, and Evidence‐based Practice
Authors: Ehrenberg Anna , Gustavsson Petter , Wallin Lars , Boström Anne‐Marie , Rudman Ann 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThis study aimed to describe the developmental trajectories of registered nurses’ capability beliefs during their first 3 years of practice. The focus was on three core competencies for health professionals—patient‐centered care, teamwork, and evidence‐based practice.MethodsA national cohort of registered nurses (n = 1,205) was recruited during their nursing education and subsequently surveyed yearly during the first 3 years of working life. The survey included 16 items on capability beliefs divided into three subscales for the assessment of patient‐centered care, teamwork, and evidence‐based practice, and the data were analyzed with linear latent growth modeling.ResultsThe nurses’ capability beliefs for patient‐centered care increased over the three first years of working life, their capability beliefs for evidence‐based practice were stable over the 3 years, and their capability beliefs for teamwork showed a downward trend.Linking Evidence to ActionThrough collaboration between nursing education and clinical practice, the transition to work life could be supported and competence development in newly graduated nurses could be enhanced to help them master the core competencies. Future research should focus on determining which factors impact the development of capability beliefs in new nurses and how these factors can be developed by testing interventions.
Draft Genome Sequence of Three Endophyte Strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens Isolated from
Miscanthus giganteus
Authors: Moreira António S. , Germaine Kieran J. , Lloyd Andrew , Lally Richard D. , Galbally Paul T. , Ryan David , Dowling David N. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the draft genome sequence of three
Pseudomonas fluorescens
strains (L111, L228, and L321) isolated from
Miscanthus giganteus
. The draft genome analyses uncovered a group of genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites and for plant growth promotion.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degrader
Rhodococcus
sp. WB1
Authors: Xu Yuxin , Yu Man , Shen Alin 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Rhodococcus
sp. WB1 is a polychlorinated biphenyl degrader which was isolated from contaminated soil in Zhejiang, China. Here, we present the complete genome sequence. The analysis of this genome indicated that a biphenyl-degrading gene cluster and several xenobiotic metabolism pathways are harbored.