bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Static Horizontal Forehead Lines
Authors: Carruthers Alastair , Donofrio Lisa , Hardas Bhushan , Murphy Diane K. , Carruthers Jean , Sykes Jonathan M. , Jones Derek , Creutz Lela , Marx Ann , Dill Sara 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of static forehead lines before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Forehead Lines Scale.

METHODS
The Allergan Forehead Lines Scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each scale grade. The clinical significance of a 1-point score difference was evaluated in a review of multiple image pairs representing varying differences in severity. Interrater and intrarater reliability was evaluated in a live-subject validation study (N = 295) completed during 2 sessions occurring 3 weeks apart.

RESULTS
A difference of ≥1 point on the scale was shown to reflect a clinically significant difference (mean [95% confidence interval] absolute score difference, 1.06 [0.91–1.21] for clinically different image pairs and 0.38 [0.26–0.51] for not clinically different pairs). Intrarater agreement between the 2 live-subject validation sessions was almost perfect (mean weighted kappa = 0.87). Interrater agreement was almost perfect during the second rating session (0.86, primary end point).

CONCLUSION
The Allergan Forehead Lines Scale is a validated and reliable scale for physician rating of static horizontal forehead lines.
Development and Validation of a Photonumeric Scale for Evaluation of Infraorbital Hollows
Authors: Donofrio Lisa , Carruthers Jean , Hardas Bhushan , Murphy Diane K. , Jones Derek , Sykes Jonathan M. , Carruthers Alastair , Creutz Lela , Marx Ann , Dill Sara 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
A validated scale is needed for objective and reproducible comparisons of infraorbital hollows (i.e., tear troughs) before and after treatment in practice and clinical studies.

OBJECTIVE
To describe the development and validation of the 5-point photonumeric Allergan Infraorbital Hollows Scale.

METHODS
The scale was developed to include an assessment guide, verbal descriptors, morphed images, and real subject images for each grade. The clinical significance of a 1-point score difference was evaluated in a review of image pairs representing varying differences in severity. Interrater and intrarater reliability was evaluated in a live-subject validation study (N = 297) completed during 2 sessions occurring 3 weeks apart.

RESULTS
A score difference of ≥1 point was shown to reflect a clinically significant difference (mean [95% confidence interval] absolute score difference, 0.90 [0.79–1.02] for clinically different image pairs and 0.33 [0.19–0.46] for not clinically different pairs). Intrarater agreement between the 2 validation sessions was substantial (mean weighted kappa = 0.79). Interrater agreement was substantial during the second rating session (0.70, primary end point).

CONCLUSION
The Allergan Infraorbital Hollows Scale is a validated and reliable scale for physician rating severity of hollowing in the infraorbital area.
Incidence and Clinical Features of Rare Cutaneous Malignancies in Olmsted County, Minnesota, 2000 to 2010
Authors: Tolkachjov Stanislav N. , Schmitt Adam R. , Muzic John G. , Weaver Amy L. , Baum Christian L. 
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND
The incidence of rare cutaneous malignancies is unknown. Current estimates of rare cutaneous malignancy incidences are based on broad epidemiologic data or single institution experiences, not population-based data.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the incidence of several rare nonmelanoma skin cancers.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
The authors conducted a retrospective chart review of a population-based cohort between the years 2000 and 2010. Residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who were diagnosed with a biopsy-proven nonmelanoma skin cancer—excluding basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma—were included in this study. The primary outcome was tumor incidence. Additionally, the authors extracted patient demographics, tumor characteristics, treatment modalities, and outcomes.

RESULTS
The age-adjusted and sex-adjusted incidences per 100,000 persons of multiple rare cutaneous malignancies were: atypical fibroxanthoma (1.8), sebaceous carcinoma (0.8), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (0.4), microcystic adnexal carcinoma (0.7), eccrine carcinoma (0.4), eccrine porocarcinoma (0.2), and leiomyosarcoma (0.2).

CONCLUSION
The authors report population-based incidences and clinical characteristics for these rare cutaneous malignancies. The immune status and smoking status of patients and the treatment and outcomes of these tumors are reported. Additional studies in a broader population are needed to further define the epidemiology and outcomes of these malignancies.
The Effect of Chronic Activation of the Novel Endocannabinoid Receptor GPR18 on Myocardial Function and Blood Pressure in Conscious Rats
Authors: Matouk Asmaa I. , Taye Ashraf , El-Moselhy Mohamed A. , Heeba Gehan H. , Abdel-Rahman Abdel A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract:
Although acute activation of the novel endocannabinoid receptor GPR18 causes hypotension, there are no reports on GPR18 expression in the heart or its chronic modulation of cardiovascular function. In this study, after demonstrating GPR18 expression in the heart, we show that chronic (2 weeks) GPR18 activation with its agonist abnormal cannabidiol (abn-cbd; 100 µg·kg−1·d−1; i.p) produced hypotension, suppressed the cardiac sympathetic dominance, and improved left ventricular (LV) function (increased the contractility index dp/dtmax and reduced LV end-diastolic pressure, LVEDP) in conscious rats. Ex vivo studies revealed increased: (1) cardiac and plasma adiponectin (ADN) levels; (2) vascular (aortic) endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression, (3) vascular and serum nitric oxide (NO) levels; (4) myocardial and plasma cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels; (5) phosphorylation of myocardial protein kinase B (Akt) and extracellular signal regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) along with reduced myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in abn-cbd treated rats. These biochemical responses contributed to the hemodynamic responses and were GPR18-mediated because concurrent treatment with the competitive GPR18 antagonist (O-1918) abrogated the abn-cbd-evoked hemodynamic and biochemical responses. The current findings present new evidence for a salutary cardiovascular role for GPR18, mediated, at least partly, via elevation in the levels of adiponectin.
UNILATERAL BEST DISEASE: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Kaden Talia R. , Tan Anna C. S. , Feiner Leonard , Freund K. Bailey 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
To describe the multimodal imaging findings observed unilaterally in a patient with Best disease due to a p.G15D mutation in the BEST1 gene.

Methods:
The clinical history of a 62-year-old female patient with unilateral Best disease was reviewed. Retinal findings were documented by clinical examination and multimodal imaging.

Results:
Posterior segment examination of the patient's right eye demonstrated retinal pigment epithelium hypopigmentation and clumping in the central macula beneath a chronic shallow serous retinal detachment (SRD), confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Fluorescein angiography showed central staining with no evidence of focal leakage or choroidal neovascularization, and correlated with the hypoautofluorescence seen on fundus autofluorescence. There was no evidence of choroidal hyperpermeability on indocyanine green angiography, nor was there any neovascularization detected on optical coherence tomography–angiography. The left eye appeared normal with all imaging modalities.

Conclusion:
Best disease is an autosomal dominant disease that is generally bilateral. We present a case of a unilateral Best disease with serous retinal detachment in a patient with a p.G15D mutation in BEST1. Best disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of serous retinal detachment and may masquerade as central serous chorioretinopathy.
Validation of Macular Choroidal Thickness Measurements from Automated SD-OCT Image Segmentation
Authors: Twa Michael D. , Schulle Krystal L. , Chiu Stephanie J. , Farsiu Sina , Berntsen David A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) imaging permits in vivo visualization of the choroid with micron-level resolution over wide areas and is of interest for studies of ocular growth and myopia control. We evaluated the speed, repeatability, and accuracy of a new image segmentation method to quantify choroid thickness compared to manual segmentation.

Methods
Two macular volumetric scans (25 × 30°) were taken from 30 eyes of 30 young adult subjects in two sessions, 1 hour apart. A single rater manually delineated choroid thickness as the distance between Bruch’s membrane and sclera across three B-scans (foveal, inferior, and superior-most scan locations). Manual segmentation was compared to an automated method based on graph theory, dynamic programming, and wavelet-based texture analysis. Segmentation performance comparisons included processing speed, choroid thickness measurements across the foveal horizontal midline, and measurement repeatability (95% limits of agreement (LoA)).

Results
Subjects were healthy young adults (n = 30; 24 ± 2 years; mean ± SD; 63% female) with spherical equivalent refractive error of −3.46 ± 2.69D (range: +2.62 to −8.50D). Manual segmentation took 200 times longer than automated segmentation (780 vs. 4 seconds). Mean choroid thickness at the foveal center was 263 ± 24 μm (manual) and 259 ± 23 μm (automated), and this difference was not significant (p = 0.10). Regional segmentation errors across the foveal horizontal midline (±15°) were ≤9 μm (median) except for nasal-most regions closest to the nasal peripapillary margin—15 degrees (19 μm) and 12 degrees (16 μm) from the foveal center. Repeatability of choroidal thickness measurements had similar repeatability between segmentation methods (manual LoA: ±15 μm; automated LoA: ±14 μm).

Conclusions
Automated segmentation of SD-OCT data by graph theory and dynamic programming is a fast, accurate, and reliable method to delineate the choroid. This approach will facilitate longitudinal studies evaluating changes in choroid thickness in response to novel optical corrections and in ocular disease.
Descemet’s Membrane Detachment with Schisis Induced by Phacoemulsification
Authors: Xie Wenjia , Xu Yesheng , Yao Yu-Feng 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To describe a case of Descemet’s membrane detachment and schisis (Descemet’s membrane separated into multiple layers) with confirmation by high-definition anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation.

Case Report
A 72-year-old woman presented with persistent corneal edema after phacoemulsification. She was diagnosed with herpes simplex keratitis and had been unsuccessfully treated for 60 days in her local hospital. Slit-lamp examination revealed moderate conjunctival injection, disciform-like stromal edema, and diffuse superficial punctate epithelial erosions. Descemet’s membrane schisis and detachment with an interlayer tear were verified by high-definition AS-OCT. After 2 weeks of medication with topical 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops four times daily together with 3% ofloxacin eye ointment twice daily, Descemet’s membrane was reattached with complete resolution of conjunctival injection, corneal edema, and epithelial erosions.

Conclusions
This is a report of Descemet’s membrane schisis in vivo that is documented and confirmed by high-definition AS-OCT. Descemet’s membrane detachment and schisis caused by phacoemulsification can be misdiagnosed as herpetic keratitis due to stromal edema and epithelial erosion. Topical steroid and lubrication may help reattach Descemet’s membrane to its original position.
Evaluation and Management of Acute-Onset Hemiparesis in an Adolescent With Leukemia
Authors: Subrahmanian Krishnan N. , Shim Young H. , Shah Mona D. , Tran Brandon H. , Stevens Alexandra M. , Cruz Andrea T. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Emergency departments (EDs) are alert to the possibility of stroke and the need for early interventions to improve long-term clinical outcomes. However, new-onset hemiparesis in pediatric patients with leukemia may be due to a number of different etiologies, including most common side effects from chemotherapeutic agents. We present a case of a 15-year-old boy with pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia on chemotherapy, having recently received a high-dose methotrexate infusion in addition to intrathecal methotrexate therapy, who presented to our ED with acute right-sided hemiparesis. He was initially suspected as having a possible ischemic stroke. Magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequence) demonstrated focal areas of diffusion restriction, an early sign of delayed-onset methotrexate neurotoxicity. Our patient received appropriate supportive care and leucovorin rescue with gradual clinical recovery, after a prolonged hospitalization and acute care rehabilitation over the course of several months. Our case illustrates the need for ED providers to consider methotrexate neurotoxicity in pediatric oncology patients presenting with acute neurologic changes.
Profile of Interfacility Emergency Department Transfers
Authors: Li Joyce , Pryor Stephanie , Choi Ben , Rees Chris A. , Senthil Mamata V. , Tsarouhas Nicholas , Myers Sage R. , Monuteaux Michael C. , Bachur Richard G. 
Published: September 2016

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the reasons for pediatric emergency department (ED) transfers and the professional characteristics of transferring providers.

Methods
We performed a multicenter, cross-sectional survey of ED medical providers transferring patients younger than 18 years to 1 of 4 tertiary care children's hospitals. Referring providers completed surveys detailing the primary reasons for transfer and their medical training.

Results
The survey data were collected for 25 months, during which 641 medical providers completed 890 surveys, with an overall response rate of 25%. Most pediatric patients were seen by physicians (89.4%) with predominantly general emergency medicine training (64.2%). The median age of patients seen was 5.6 years. The 3 most common diagnoses were closed extremity fracture (12.2%), appendicitis (11.6%), and pneumonia (3.7%). The 3 most common reasons for transfer were need for medical/surgical subspecialist consultation (62.6%), admission to the inpatient unit (17.1%), and admission to the intensive care unit (6.5%). When asked about the need for supportive pediatric services, referring providers ranked pediatric subspecialty and pediatric inpatient unit availability as the highest.

Conclusions
Most pediatric interfacility ED transfers are referred by general emergency medicine physicians who often transfer for inpatient admission or subspecialty consultation. Understanding the needs of the community-based ED providers is an important step to forming more collaborative efforts for regionalized pediatric emergency care.
Unilateral Lung Whiteout in Children
Authors: Iwama Itaru , Kohama Moriyasu 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Unilateral lung whiteout is not a common pediatric chest radiograph finding, but when it is encountered, timely and accurate interpretations of the radiograph are required because life-threatening respiratory failure can be associated. Lung whiteout may result from several conditions, and the differential diagnosis has a broad range. We describe 4 pediatric patients with different etiologies of unilateral lung whiteout: a large pleural effusion, mainstem bronchial plugging with a large cast, a mediastinal tumor, and consolidation. The ultimate causal diagnosis may not be initially obvious, but valuable clues can usually be found in the conventional chest radiograph to assist with appropriate early management. Chest ultrasound provides additional information, and we recommend it as the second examination for such patients.
Virtual Sensorimotor Training for Balance: Pilot Study Results for Children With Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Jirikowic Tracy , Westcott McCoy Sarah , Price Robert , Ciol Marcia A. , Hsu Lin-Ya , Kartin Deborah 
Published: September 2016

Purpose:
To examine the effects of Sensorimotor Training to Affect Balance, Engagement, and Learning (STABEL), a virtual reality system to train sensory adaptation for balance control, for children with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs).

Methods:
Twenty-three children with FASDs received STABEL training in a university laboratory, or home, or were controls. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children–2nd edition (MABC-2) and Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction for Balance–2 (P-CTSIB-2) were analyzed by group (lab, home, and control), session (pre-STABEL, 1 week post-STABEL, and 1 month post-STABEL), and group-by-session interaction.

Results:
Significant effects were group and session for MABC-2 Balance and interaction for MABC-2 Total Motor and P-CTSIB-2.

Conclusion:
Preliminary results support improved sensory adaptation, balance, and motor performance post-STABEL, which warrant further study with a larger, randomized sample.
Factors Related to the Changes in Quality of Life for Patients With Depression After an Acute Course of Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Huang Chun-Jen , Huang Yu-Hui , Lin Ching-Hua 
Published: September 2016

Objective
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on quality of life (QOL), depressive symptoms, and functioning for patients with depression, and to explore the variables related to QOL changes.

Methods
Ninety-five inpatients with depression receiving at least 6 ECT sessions and completed all measures were included. Quality of life, symptom severity, and functioning were assessed using Short Form 36 (SF-36), the 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17), and the Modified Work and Social Adjustment Scale (MWSAS), before and after ECT. The SF-36 includes 8 subscales, physical component summary (PCS), and mental component summary (MCS). Adverse effects after ECT, including headache, muscle pain, and nausea/vomiting, were also recorded.

Results
All 8 SF-36 subscales, PCS, MCS, HAMD-17, and MWSAS improved significantly after treatment. Using multiple linear regression analysis, MWSAS changes predicted PCS changes significantly after adjusting for baseline PCS. Similarly, using multiple linear regression analysis, MWSAS changes were significant variables associated with MCS changes after adjusting for ECT frequency, HAMD-17 changes, and baseline MCS. The ECT improved QOL, depressive symptoms, and functioning.

Conclusions
Whether strategies to enhance functioning during an acute course of ECT could improve QOL is needed to be examined in a further study.
Knock-In of a 25-Kilobase Pair BAC-Derived Donor Molecule by Traditional and CRISPR/Cas9-Stimulated Homologous Recombination
Authors: Leidy-Davis Tiffany , Cheng Kai , Goodwin Leslie O. , Morgan Judith L. , Juan Wen Chun , Roca Xavier , Ong Sin-Tiong , Bergstrom David E. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTHere, we describe an expansion of the DNA size limitations associated with CRISPR knock-in technology, more specifically, the physical extent to which mouse genomic DNA can be replaced with donor (in this case, human) DNA at an orthologous locus. Driving our efforts was the desire to create a whole animal model that would replace 17 kbp of the mouseBcl2l11gene with the corresponding 25-kbp segment of humanBCL2L11, including a conditionally removable segment (2.9-kbp) of intron 2, a cryptic human exon immediately 3′ of this, and a native human exon some 20 kbp downstream. Using two methods, we first carried out the replacement by employing a combination of bacterial artificial chromosome recombineering, classic ES cell targeting, dual selection, and recombinase-driven cassette removal (traditional approach). Using a unique second method, we employed the same vector (devoid of its selectable marker cassettes), microinjecting it along with CRISPR RNA guides andCas9into mouse zygotes (CRISPR approach). In both instances we were able to achieve humanization ofBcl2l11to the extent designed, remove all selection cassettes, and demonstrate the functionality of the conditionally removable,loxP-flanked, 2.9-kbp intronic segment.AUTHOR SUMMARYClustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) technology can be used to place DNA sequences (designed in the laboratory) into the genomes of living organisms. Here, we describe a new method, whereby we have replaced an exceptionally large segment of the mouseBcl2l11gene with the corresponding segment of humanBCL2L11gene. The method represents an expansion of the DNA size limitations typically associated with the introduction of DNA sequences through traditional CRISPR methods.
Using RNA-seq for genomic scaffold placement, correcting assemblies, and genetic map creation in a commonBrassica rapamapping population
Authors: Cody Markelz RJ , Covington Michael F , Brock Marcus T , Devisetty Upendra K , Kliebenstein Daniel J , Weinig Cynthia , Maloof Julin N 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBrassica rapais a model species for agronomic, ecological, evolutionary and translational studies. Here we describe high-density SNP discovery and genetic map construction for aBrassica raparecombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from field collected RNA-seq data. This high-density genotype data enables the detection and correction of putative genome mis-assemblies and accurate assignment of scaffold sequences to their likely genomic locations. These assembly improvements represent 7.1-8.0% of the annotatedBrassica rapagenome. We demonstrate how using this new resource leads to a significant improvement for QTL analysis over the current low-density genetic map. Improvements are achieved by the increased mapping resolution and by having known genomic coordinates to anchor the markers for candidate gene discovery. These new molecular resources and improvements in the genome annotation will benefit theBrassicaceaegenomics community and may help guide other communities in finetuning genome annotations.
SiLiCO: A Simulator of Long Read Sequencing in PacBio and Oxford Nanopore
Authors: Baker Ethan Alexander García , Goodwin Sara , McCombie W. Richard , Mendivil Ramos Olivia 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSummaryLong read sequencing platforms, which include the widely used Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) platform and the emerging Oxford Nanopore platform, aim to produce sequence fragments in excess of 15-20 kilobases, and have proved advantageous in the identification of structural variants and easing genome assembly. However, long read sequencing remains relatively expensive and error prone, and failed sequencing runs represent a significant problem for genomics core facilities. To quantitatively assess the underlying mechanics of sequencing failure, it is essential to have highly reproducible and controllable reference data sets to which sequencing results can be compared. Here, we present SiLiCO, the firstin silicosimulation tool to generate standardized sequencing results from both of the leading long read sequencing platforms.AvailabilitySiLiCO is an open source package written in Python. It is freely available athttps://www.github.com/ethanagbaker/SiLiCOunder the GNU GPL 3.0 license.Contact<emails>Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available atBioinformaticsonline.