bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a Self‐Management Theory‐Guided Discharge Intervention for Parents of Hospitalized Children
Authors: Sawin Kathleen J. , Weiss Marianne E. , Johnson Norah , Gralton Karen , Malin Shelly , Klingbeil Carol , Lerret Stacee M. , Thompson Jamie J. , Zimmanck Kim , Kaul Molly , Schiffman Rachel F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundParents of hospitalized children, especially parents of children with complex and chronic health conditions, report not being adequately prepared for self‐management of their child's care at home after discharge.ProblemNo theory‐based discharge intervention exists to guide pediatric nurses' preparation of parents for discharge.PurposeTo develop a theory‐based conversation guide to optimize nurses' preparation of parents for discharge and self‐management of their child at home following hospitalization.MethodsTwo frameworks and one method influenced the development of the intervention: the Individual and Family Self‐Management Theory, Tanner's Model of Clinical Judgment, and the Teach‐Back method. A team of nurse scientists, nursing leaders, nurse administrators, and clinical nurses developed and field tested the electronic version of a nine‐domain conversation guide for use in acute care pediatric hospitals.ConclusionsThe theory‐based intervention operationalized self‐management concepts, added components of nursing clinical judgment, and integrated the Teach‐Back method.Clinical RelevanceDevelopment of a theory‐based intervention, the translation of theoretical knowledge to clinical innovation, is an important step toward testing the effectiveness of the theory in guiding clinical practice. Clinical nurses will establish the practice relevance through future use and refinement of the intervention.
Feeling safe and motivated to achieve better health: Experiences with a partnership‐based nursing practice programme for in‐home patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Leine Marit , Wahl Astrid Klopstad , Borge Christine Råheim , Hustavenes Magne , Bondevik Hilde 
Published: March 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ experiences with a partnership‐based nursing practice programme in the home setting.BackgroundPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease suffer from psychological and physiological problems, especially when they return home after hospitalisation from exacerbation. Many express a need for information and knowledge about chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Partnership as practice is a patient‐centred framework providing an individualised practice for each patient. This study intends to achieve a nuanced and improved understanding of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients’ experiences with a partnership‐based nursing practice programme comprising home visits from a respiratory nurse after hospital discharge, alongside interdisciplinary collaboration.DesignThis study has a qualitative design with interviews.MethodsSix individual semi‐structured interviews collected in 2012–2013 constitute the material. Interviews were recorded, transcribed to written text and analysed using systematic text condensation.ResultsThree key themes were identified: to be seen, talked with and understood; healthcare support at home—continuity, practical support and facilitation; and exchange of knowledge. However, there were two generic themes that permeated the material: feeling safe and comforted, and motivation to achieve better health.ConclusionsPatients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can experience feeling safe and comforted, and be motivated to make changes in order to achieve better health after participating in a partnership‐based nursing practice programme that includes home visits from a respiratory nurse and interdisciplinary cooperation after hospital discharge. To feel safe is of great importance, and how this relates to the patient's ability to cope with illness should be explored in further research.Relevance to clinical practiceThe results suggest that the partnership‐based nursing practice programme that includes home visits and interdisciplinary collaboration can be a good approach to meeting the complexity of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient's health needs.
Acquisition of Involuntary Spinal Locomotion (Spinal Walking) in Dogs with Irreversible Thoracolumbar Spinal Cord Lesion: 81 Dogs
Authors: Gallucci A. , Dragone L. , Menchetti M. , Gagliardo T. , Pietra M. , Cardinali M. , Gandini G. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundSpinal walking (SW) is described as the acquisition of an involuntary motor function in paraplegic dogs and cats without pain perception affected by a thoracolumbar lesion. Whereas spinal locomotion is well described in cats that underwent training trials after experimental spinal cord resection, less consistent information is available for dogs.HypothesisParaplegic dogs affected by a thoracolumbar complete spinal cord lesion undergoing intensive physical rehabilitation could acquire an autonomous SW gait under field conditions.AnimalsEighty‐one acute paraplegic thoracolumbar dogs without pelvic limb pain perception.MethodsRetrospective study of medical records of dogs selected for intensive rehabilitation treatment in paraplegic dogs with absence of pain perception on admission and during the whole treatment. Binary regression and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze potential associations with the development of SW.ResultsAutonomous SW was achieved in 48 dogs (59%). Median time to achieve SW was of 75.5 days (range: 16–350 days). On univariate analysis, SW gait was associated with younger age (P = .002) and early start of physiotherapy (P = .024). Multivariate logistic regression showed that younger age (≤60 months) and lightweight (≤7.8 kg) were positively associated with development of SW (P = .012 and P < .001, respectively). BCS, full‐time hospitalization, and type and site of the lesion were not significantly associated with development of SW.ConclusionsDogs with irreversible thoracolumbar lesion undergoing intensive physiotherapic treatment can acquire SW. Younger age and lightweight are positively associated with the development of SW gait.
Effect of a micronutrient‐rich snack taken preconceptionally and throughout pregnancy on ultrasound measures of fetal growth: The Mumbai Maternal Nutrition Project (MMNP)
Authors: Lawande Ashwin , Di Gravio Chiara , Potdar Ramesh D. , Sahariah Sirazul A. , Gandhi Meera , Chopra Harsha , Sane Harshad , Kehoe Sarah H. , Marley‐Zagar Ella , Margetts Barrie M. , Jackson Alan A. , Fall Caroline H. D. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractImproving micronutrient intakes of under‐nourished mothers in low‐ and middle‐income countries increases birth weight, but there is little data on the nature and timing during gestation of any effects on fetal growth. Ultrasound measures of fetal size were used to determine whether and when a food‐based supplement affected fetal growth. Non‐pregnant women living in Mumbai slums, India (N = 6,513), were randomly assigned to receive either a daily micronutrient‐rich snack containing green leafy vegetables, fruit, and milk (treatment) or a snack made from lower‐micronutrient vegetables (control) in addition to their usual diet from before pregnancy until delivery. From 2,291 pregnancies, the analysis sample comprised 1,677 fetuses (1,335 fetuses of women supplemented for ≥3 months before conception). First‐trimester (median: 10 weeks, interquartile range: 9–12 weeks) fetal crown‐rump length was measured. Fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, femur length, and abdominal circumference were measured during the second (19, 19–20 weeks) and third trimesters (29, 28–30 weeks). The intervention had no effect on fetal size or growth at any stage of pregnancy. In the second trimester, there were interactions between parity and allocation group for biparietal diameter (p = .02) and femur length (p = .04) with both being smaller among fetuses of primiparous women and larger among those of multiparous women, in the treatment group compared with the controls. Overall, a micronutrient‐rich supplement did not increase standard ultrasound measures of fetal size and growth at any stage of pregnancy. Additional ultrasound measures of fetal soft tissues (fat and muscle) may be informative.
Big Five Personality Traits, Political Participation, and Civic Engagement: Evidence from 24 Countries
Authors: Weinschenk Aaron C. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveRecently, researchers interested in the psychological antecedents of political behavior have started to integrate individual personality traits into models of political participation and civic engagement. Thus far, there have not been any large‐scale, cross‐national analyses of the relationship between personality and participation. In this article, I use data from representative surveys conducted in 24 countries to examine the influence of personality on political and civic participation. The analysis focuses on the influence of the Big Five traits, enabling tests of hypotheses (that have previously only been tested in a few countries) across diverse contexts.MethodsI use logistic, Poisson, and ordered logit models to investigate the effects of the Big Five traits on a variety of measures of political and civic engagement, controlling for a number of demographic attributes previously connected to participation such as income and education.ResultsI find evidence that the effects of the Big Five vary considerably across countries.ConclusionThe results presented here justify future research on personality‐environment interactions.
Comparison of the efficacy of small and large‐bore thoracostomy tubes for pleural space evacuation in canine cadavers
Authors: Fetzer Tara J. , Walker Julie M. , Bach Jonathan F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine if there is a difference in the amounts of air (A), low‐viscosity fluid (LV), or high‐viscosity fluid (HV) that can be aspirated from the pleural cavity of canine cadavers using small‐bore (SB) or large‐bore (LB) thoracostomy tubes.DesignProspective experimental ex vivo study.SettingUniversity teaching hospital.AnimalsThirty‐six canine cadavers.InterventionsEach cadaver was randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (SB‐A, LB‐A, SB‐LV, LB‐LV, SB‐HV, LB‐HV). In each cadaver bilateral thoracostomy tubes (either SB or LB) were placed and 20 mL/kg of air, LV fluid, or HV fluid was instilled via 1 thoracostomy tube. Both tubes were aspirated and the volume aspirated was recorded and analyzed as a percentage of instilled air or fluid volume. The procedure was repeated on the contralateral hemithorax.Measurements and Main ResultsThere was no significant difference in air or fluid recovery when SB and LB groups were compared. Median (range) air recovery volumes in the SB‐A and LB‐A groups were 101.5% (94.4–115.8%) and 102.8% (94.1–107.8%), respectively (P = 0.898). Recovery of LV fluid was 93.5% (79.2–99.0%) for SB‐LV and 85.8% (77.1–101.8%) for LB‐LV cadavers (P = 0.305) and recovery percentages of HV fluid were 92.6% (86.1–96.2%) and 91.4% (74.2–96.4%) for SB‐HV and LB‐HV groups, respectively (P > 0.999). There was no significant difference between SB and LB groups when all substances were combined (94.1% [79.2–115.8%] and 93.5% [74.2–107.8%], respectively, P = 0.557).ConclusionsSB and LB thoracostomy tubes demonstrated similar efficacy in removing known amounts of air, LV fluid, and HV fluid from the pleural space of canine cadavers. Further study is necessary to determine if SB and LB thoracostomy tubes demonstrate similar efficacy in clinical veterinary patients.
SIRT1 may play a crucial role in overload‐induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle
Authors: Koltai Erika , Bori Zoltán , Chabert Clovis , Dubouchaud Hervé , Naito Hisashi , Machida Shuichi , Davies Kelvin JA , Murlasits Zsolt , Fry Andrew C , Boldogh Istvan , Radak Zsolt 
Published: March 2017

Key points
Silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) activity and content increased significantly in overload‐induced hypertrophy.
SIRT1‐mediated signalling through Akt, the endothelial nitric oxide synthase mediated pathway, regulates anabolic process in the hypertrophy of skeletal muscle.
The regulation of catabolic signalling via forkhead box O 1 and protein ubiquitination is SIRT1 dependent.
Overload‐induced changes in microRNA levels regulate SIRT1 and insulin‐like growth factor 1 signalling.
AbstractSignificant skeletal muscle mass guarantees functional wellbeing and is important for high level performance in many sports. Although the molecular mechanism for skeletal muscle hypertrophy has been well studied, it still is not completely understood. In the present study, we used a functional overload model to induce plantaris muscle hypertrophy by surgically removing the soleus and gastrocnemius muscles in rats. Two weeks of muscle ablation resulted in a 40% increase in muscle mass, which was associated with a significant increase in silent mating type information regulation 2 homologue 1 (SIRT1) content and activity (P < 0.001). SIRT1‐regulated Akt, endothelial nitric oxide synthase and GLUT4 levels were also induced in hypertrophied muscles, and SIRT1 levels correlated with muscle mass, paired box protein 7 (Pax7), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) levels. Alternatively, decreased forkhead box O 1 (FOXO1) and increased K48 polyubiquitination also suggest that SIRT1 could be involved in the catabolic process of hypertrophy. Furthermore, increased levels of K63 and muscle RING finger 2 (MuRF2) protein could also be important enhancers of muscle mass. We report here that the levels of miR1 and miR133a decrease in hypertrophy and negatively correlate with muscle mass, SIRT1 and Nampt levels. Our results reveal a strong correlation between SIRT1 levels and activity, SIRT1‐regulated pathways and overload‐induced hypertrophy. These findings, along with the well‐known regulatory roles that SIRT1 plays in modulating both anabolic and catabolic pathways, allow us to propose the hypothesis that SIRT1 may actually play a crucial causal role in overload‐induced hypertrophy of skeletal muscle. This hypothesis will now require rigorous direct and functional testing.
Preservation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial content in older adults: relationship between mitochondria, fibre type and high‐intensity exercise training
Authors: Wyckelsma Victoria L. , Levinger Itamar , McKenna Michael J. , Formosa Luke E. , Ryan Michael T. , Petersen Aaron C. , Anderson Mitchell J. , Murphy Robyn M. 
Published: March 2017

Key points
Ageing is associated with an upregulation of mitochondrial dynamics proteins mitofusin 2 (Mfn2) and mitochondrial dynamics protein 49 (MiD49) in human skeletal muscle with the increased abundance of Mfn2 being exclusive to type II muscle fibres.
These changes occur despite a similar content of mitochondria, as measured by COXIV, NDUFA9 and complexes in their native states (Blue Native PAGE).
Following 12 weeks of high‐intensity training (HIT), older adults exhibit a robust increase in mitochondria content, while there is a decline in Mfn2 in type II fibres.
We propose that the upregulation of Mfn2 and MiD49 with age may be a protective mechanism to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction, in particularly in type II skeletal muscle fibres, and that exercise may have a unique protective effect negating the need for an increased turnover of mitochondria.
AbstractMitochondrial dynamics proteins are critical for mitochondrial turnover and maintenance of mitochondrial health. High‐intensity interval training (HIT) is a potent training modality shown to upregulate mitochondrial content in young adults but little is known about the effects of HIT on mitochondrial dynamics proteins in older adults. This study investigated the abundance of protein markers for mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial content in older adults compared to young adults. It also investigated the adaptability of mitochondria to 12 weeks of HIT in older adults. Both older and younger adults showed a higher abundance of mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits COXIV and NDUFA9 in type I compared with type II fibres, with no difference between the older adults and young groups. In whole muscle homogenates, older adults had higher mitofusin‐2 (Mfn2) and mitochondrial dynamics protein 49 (MiD49) contents compared to the young group. Also, older adults had higher levels of Mfn2 in type II fibres compared with young adults. Following HIT in older adults, MiD49 and Mfn2 levels were not different in whole muscle and Mfn2 content decreased in type II fibres. Increases in citrate synthase activity (55%) and mitochondrial respiratory chain subunits COXIV (37%) and NDUFA9 (48%) and mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes (∼70–100%) were observed in homogenates and/or single fibres. These findings reveal (i) a similar amount of mitochondria in muscle from young and healthy older adults and (ii) a robust increase of mitochondrial content following 12 weeks of HIT exercise in older adults.
Active Travel to Primary Schools in Ireland: An Opportunistic Evaluation of a Natural Experiment
Authors: Lambe Barry , Murphy Niamh , Bauman Adrian 
Published: March 2017

Background:There is a paucity of intervention studies assessing active travel to school as a mechanism to increase physical activity. This paper describes the impact of a community-wide intervention on active travel to primary schools in 2 Irish towns.Methods:This was a repeat cross-sectional study of a natural experiment. Self-report questionnaires were completed by 5th and 6th grade students in 3 towns (n = 1038 students in 2 intervention towns; n = 419 students in 1 control town) at baseline and by a new group of students 2 years later at follow-up. The absolute change in the proportion of children walking and cycling to school (difference in differences) was calculated.Results:There was no overall intervention effect detected for active travel to or from school. This is despite an absolute increase of 14.7% (1.6, 27.9) in the proportion of children that indicated a preference for active travel to school in the town with the most intensive intervention (town 2).Conclusions:Interventions designed to increase active travel to school hold some promise but should have a high-intensity mix of infrastructural and behavioral measures, be gender-specific, address car dependency and focus on travel home from school initially.
Sport-Specific Outdoor Rehabilitation in a Group Setting: Do the Intentions Match Actual Training Load?
Authors: de Bruijn Jeroen , van der Worp Henk , Korte Mark , de Vries Astrid , Nijland Rick , Brink Michel 
Published: March 2017

Context: Previous research has shown a weak relationship between intended and actual training load in various sports. Due to variety in group and content, this relationship is expected to be even weaker during group rehabilitation. Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between intended and actual training load during sport-specific rehabilitation in a group setting. Design: Observational study. Setting: Three outdoor rehabilitation sessions. Participants: Nine amateur soccer players recovering from lower limb injury participated in the study (age 22 ± 3 y, height 179 ± 9 cm, body mass 75 ± 13 kg). Main Outcome Measures: We collected physiotherapists’ ratings of intended exertion (RIE) and players’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE). Furthermore, Zephyr Bioharness 3 equipped with GPS-trackers provided heart rate and distance data. We computed heart rate–based training loads using Edwards’ method and a modified TRIMP. Results: Overall, we found weak correlations (N = 42) between RIE and RPE (r = 0.35), Edwards’ (r = 0.34), TRIMPMOD (r = 0.07), and distance (r = 0.26). Conclusions: In general, physiotherapists tended to underestimate training loads. To check whether intended training loads are met, it is thus recommended to monitor training loads during rehabilitation.
B-Cell Responses to Intramuscular Administration of a Bivalent Virus-Like Particle Human Norovirus Vaccine
Authors: Ramani Sasirekha , Neill Frederick H. , Ferreira Jennifer , Treanor John J. , Frey Sharon E. , Topham David J. , Goodwin Robert R. , Borkowski Astrid , Baehner Frank , Mendelman Paul M. , Estes Mary K. , Atmar Robert L. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACT
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. A virus-like particle (VLP) candidate vaccine induces the production of serum histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-blocking antibodies, the first identified correlate of protection from HuNoV gastroenteritis. Recently, virus-specific IgG memory B cells were identified to be another potential correlate of protection against HuNoV gastroenteritis. We assessed B-cell responses following intramuscular administration of a bivalent (genogroup I, genotype 1 [GI.1]/genogroup II, genotype 4 [GII.4]) VLP vaccine using protocols identical to those used to evaluate cellular immunity following experimental GI.1 HuNoV infection. The kinetics and magnitude of cellular immunity to G1.1 infection were compared to those after VLP vaccination. Intramuscular immunization with the bivalent VLP vaccine induced the production of antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) and memory B cells. ASC responses peaked at day 7 after the first dose of vaccine and returned to nearly baseline levels by day 28. Minimal increases in ASCs were seen after a second vaccine dose at day 28. Antigen-specific IgG memory B cells persisted at day 180 postvaccination for both GI.1 and GII.4 VLPs. The overall trends in B-cell responses to vaccination were similar to the trends in the responses to infection, where there was a greater bias of an ASC response toward IgA and a memory B-cell response to IgG. The magnitude of the ASC and memory B-cell responses to the GI.1 VLP component of the vaccine was also comparable to that of the responses following GI.1 infection. The production of IgG memory B cells and persistence at day 180 is a key finding and underscores the need for future studies to determine if IgG memory B cells are a correlate of protection following vaccination. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01168401.)