bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphology‐Dependent Activities of Silver Phosphates: Visible‐Light Water Oxidation and Dye Degradation
Authors: Menezes Prashanth W. , Indra Arindam , Schwarze Michael , Schuster Felix , Driess Matthias 
Published: February 2016

AbstractConversion of sunlight to storable solar fuels offers a convenient and a promising route to renewable energy that is more important on account of the limited availability of fossil fuels and its global environmental benefits. One of the best ways to generate solar fuels is by splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen using visible‐light photocatalysts. Presented is a facile, scalable, and convenient strategy for the preparation of silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) particles with diverse morphology for visible‐light water oxidation and dye degradation. Changing the solvents in the reactions resulted in altered morphology such as ellipsoids, irregular shapes, polyhedra, and sphere‐type particles. These were then extensively characterized. Variation in the activity of photochemical water oxidation and dye degradation was observed during photocatalysis depending on the morphology, whereby the ellipsoids of Ag3PO4 displayed enhanced catalytic performance.
Direct comparison of liquid‐based and smear‐based cytology with and without rapid on‐site evaluation for fine needle aspirates of thoracic tumors
Authors: Mfokazi A. , Wright C.A. , Louw M. , Von Groote‐Bidlingmaier F. , Schubert P. T. , Koegelenberg C. F. N. , Diacon A. H. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundLiquid‐based cytology (LBC) and rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) are proposed to improve the quality of fine needle aspirates (FNA) and their diagnostic yield compared with conventional smear cytology (CSC). This prospective study directly compared outcomes of sonar‐guided FNA of thoracic tumors supported by LBC, CSC, or CSC with ROSE.MethodsThree aspirates each for both LBC and CSC with separate 22G spinal needles in a randomized, alternating sequence during 64 transthoracic FNA of thoracic tumors were collected. Smears were prepared by cytology staff on site but evaluated with ROSE only when all six samples had been collected. If no diagnostic material was found on the first three CSC additional needle passes guided by ROSE were performed.ResultsFinal diagnoses were non‐small cell lung cancer in 50 (78.1%), small cell lung cancer in 11 (17.2%), mesothelioma in 1 (1.6%), and inflammation in 2 cases (3.1%), respectively. LBC and CSC were diagnostic in 42 (65.6%) and 49 (76.6%) cases, respectively (P = 0.039), with both methods diagnostic in 41 cases (64.1%). Fifteen cases (23.4%) remained undiagnosed following three passes for CSC but 9 (14.1%) of these were diagnosed using FNA and ROSE with a total yield of 58 cases (90.6%; P < 0.001).ConclusionThe diagnostic yield of transthoracic FNA submitted for LBC is significantly lower than with CSC when slides are prepared professionally. ROSE significantly increases the yield of transthoracic FNA. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:363–368. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, NMR Spectroscopy, and Vibrational Spectroscopy of Sr(PO3F)·H2O and Sr(PO3F)
Authors: Jantz Stephan G. , van Wüllen Leo , Fischer Andreas , Libowitzky Eugen , Baran Enrique J. , Weil Matthias , Höppe Henning A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSingle crystals of Sr(PO3F)·H2O {P21/c, Z = 4, a = 7.4844(2) Å, b = 7.0793(2) Å, c = 8.4265(2) Å, β = 108.696(1)°, V = 422.91(2) Å3, 2391 Fo2, 70 parameters, R1[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036; wR2(F2 all) = 0.049, S = 1.054} were grown from an aqueous solution by a metathesis reaction. The structure comprises [SrO8] polyhedra and PO3F tetrahedra that form a layered arrangement parallel to (100). The topotactic dehydration of this phase proceeds between 80 and 140 °C to afford Sr(PO3F). The monazite‐type crystal structure of Sr(PO3F) was elucidated from the X‐ray powder data by simulated annealing [P21/c, Z = 4, a = 6.71689(9) Å, b = 7.11774(11) Å, c = 8.66997(13) Å, β = 128.0063(7)°, V = 326.605(8) Å3, Rp = 0.010, Rwp = 0.015, RF = 0.030]. During dehydration, the structure of Sr(PO3F)·H2O collapses along [100] from a layered arrangement into a framework structure, accompanied by a change of the coordination number of the Sr2+ ions from eight to nine. The magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR and vibrational spectroscopy data of both phases are discussed.
A Highly Efficient Pd(PPh3)4‐Catalyzed Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Method for the Preparation of 2‐Nitrobi­phenyls from 1‐Chloro‐2‐nitrobenz­enes and Phenylboronic Acids
Authors: Elumalai Vijayaragavan , Sandtorv Alexander H. , Bjørsvik Hans‐René 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA simple and efficient method for Suzuki cross‐coupling of highly substituted and congested 1‐chloro‐2‐nitrobenzene with phenylboronic acid was developed, investigated, and optimized. The reaction conditions comprises a mixture of MeOH and water (4:1) as the reaction medium, readily available and cheap Pd(PPh3)4 as catalyst, sodium carbonate as base, and microwave heating, which affords a fast reaction rate with good outcomes. The procedure was proven to have high functional group tolerance with phenylboronic acid and for 1‐chloro‐2‐nitrobenzene and thus is a general method for the synthesis of 2‐nitrobiphenyl. The target scaffold, 2‐nitrobiphenyls, was produced in excellent yields with excellent selectivities in all cases.
Multistatic cloud radar systems: joint sensing and communication design
Authors: Jeong Seongah , Khalili Shahrouz , Simeone Osvaldo , Haimovich Alexander , Kang Joonhyuk 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn a multistatic cloud radar system, receive sensors measure signals sent by a transmit element and reflected from a target and possibly clutter, in the presence of interference and noise. The receive sensors communicate over non‐ideal backhaul links with a fusion center, or cloud processor, where the presence or absence of the target is determined. The backhaul architecture can be characterized either by an orthogonal‐access channel or by a non‐orthogonal multiple‐access channel. Two backhaul transmission strategies are considered, namely, compress‐and‐forward (CF), which is well suited for the orthogonal‐access backhaul, and amplify‐and‐forward (AF), which leverages the superposition property of the non‐orthogonal multiple‐access channel. In this paper, the joint optimization of the sensing and backhaul communication functions of the cloud radar system is studied. Specifically, the transmitted waveform is jointly optimized with backhaul quantization in the case of CF backhaul transmission and with the amplifying gains of the sensors for the AF backhaul strategy. In both cases, the information‐theoretic criterion of the Bhattacharyya distance is adopted as a metric for the detection performance. Algorithmic solutions based on successive convex approximation are developed under different assumptions on the available channel state information. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed schemes outperform conventional solutions that perform separate optimizations of the waveform and backhaul operation, as well as the standard distributed detection approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal salience signaling in schizophrenia: The role of integrative beta oscillations
Authors: Liddle Elizabeth B. , Price Darren , Palaniyappan Lena , Brookes Matthew J. , Robson Siân E. , Hall Emma L. , Morris Peter G. , Liddle Peter F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAberrant salience attribution and cerebral dysconnectivity both have strong evidential support as core dysfunctions in schizophrenia. Aberrant salience arising from an excess of dopamine activity has been implicated in delusions and hallucinations, exaggerating the significance of everyday occurrences and thus leading to perceptual distortions and delusional causal inferences. Meanwhile, abnormalities in key nodes of a salience brain network have been implicated in other characteristic symptoms, including the disorganization and impoverishment of mental activity. A substantial body of literature reports disruption to brain network connectivity in schizophrenia. Electrical oscillations likely play a key role in the coordination of brain activity at spatially remote sites, and evidence implicates beta band oscillations in long‐range integrative processes. We used magnetoencephalography and a task designed to disambiguate responses to relevant from irrelevant stimuli to investigate beta oscillations in nodes of a network implicated in salience detection and previously shown to be structurally and functionally abnormal in schizophrenia. Healthy participants, as expected, produced an enhanced beta synchronization to behaviorally relevant, as compared to irrelevant, stimuli, while patients with schizophrenia showed the reverse pattern: a greater beta synchronization in response to irrelevant than to relevant stimuli. These findings not only support both the aberrant salience and disconnectivity hypotheses, but indicate a common mechanism that allows us to integrate them into a single framework for understanding schizophrenia in terms of disrupted recruitment of contextually appropriate brain networks. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1361‐1374, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the safety and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy for locally advanced adenoid cystic carcinoma of the tongue base
Authors: Koto Masashi , Hasegawa Azusa , Takagi Ryo , Ikawa Hiroaki , Naganawa Kensuke , Mizoe Jun‐etsu , Jingu Keiichi , Tsujii Hirohiko , Tsuji Hiroshi , Kamada Tadashi , Okamoto Yoshitaka ,   Organizing Committee for the Working Group for Head and Neck Cancer
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundMost cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the tongue base are radioresistant, and are diagnosed in the advanced stage. Therefore, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of carbon ion radiotherapy (C‐ion RT) for locally advanced ACC of the tongue base.MethodsEighteen patients with ACC of the tongue base were treated with C‐ion RT between May 2002 and April 2014. Seventeen patients had T4a disease and 1 patient had T2 disease before C‐ion RT.ResultsThe median follow‐up period was 57 months (range, 10–132 months). The 5‐year local control rate was 92%. The 5‐year overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS) rates were 72% and 44%, respectively. Regarding late reactions, 2 patients developed grade 3 mandible osteoradionecrosis, and 1 had grade 3 hemorrhage of the tongue base.ConclusionC‐ion RT was effective with acceptable toxicities for locally advanced ACC of the tongue base. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E2122–E2126, 2016
Modified endoscopic transnasal‐transmaxillary‐transpterygoid approach to parapharyngeal space tumor resection
Authors: Wasano Koichiro , Yamamoto Sayuri , Tomisato Shuta , Kawasaki Taiji , Ogawa Kaoru 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundConventional approaches for removing parapharyngeal space tumors require a cervical skin incision and resection of soft tissues between the skin and parapharyngeal space. The surgical visual field for this conventional approach is limited.MethodsTo decrease invasiveness during removal of benign parapharyngeal space tumors and to enhance the visual field, we devised a new approach called the modified endoscopic transnasal‐transmaxillary‐transpterygoid approach (MENMAP). The “surgical corridor” to the parapharyngeal space consists of the maxillary sinus, submucous tunnel under the lateral nasal wall, and the space created by removing the pterygoid process.ResultsWe successfully performed en bloc removal of a parapharyngeal space tumor using the MENMAP approach. The only surgical complication was hypoesthesia of the right hard palate and maxillary gingiva, which gradually improved.ConclusionThe MENMAP approach is a viable alternative for removing parapharyngeal space tumors, as it is safe, feasible, and less invasive. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 933–938, 2016
Papain immobilized polyurethane as an ureteral stent material
Authors: Maria Manohar Cynthya , Doble Mukesh 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLong term use of polyurethane‐based ureteral stent is hampered by the development of infection due to the formation of bacterial biofilm and salt deposition. Here papain, is covalently immobilized to polyurethane using glutarldehyde and is investigated as a possible anti‐infective ureteral stent material. Fourier transform infrared spectrum confirmed its immobilization. Immobilized enzyme retained 85% of the activity of the free enzyme and about 12% loss of enzyme was observed from the polymer surface in one month. The modified polyurethane showed 8 log reduction in Staphylococcus aureus and 7 log reduction in Escherichia coli live colonies and 3‐4 times decrease in the protein and carbohydrate in the biofilms than bare polymer. The amount of calcium and magnesium salts deposited on the polymer surface reduced by 40% after enzyme immobilization. 80% of L6 myoblast cells were viable on this material which indicated that it was noncytotoxic. A linear regression equation with hydrophilicity of the polymer surface and the cell surface hydrophobicity as the two independent variables was able to predict the number of live cells attached on the modified PU. This study indicated the possibility of using such an approach to overcome the problems of ureteral stent associated biofilm and salt encrustation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 104B: 723–731, 2016.
Tissue Engineered Airways: A Prospects Article
Authors: Bogan Stephanie L. , Teoh Gui Zhen , Birchall Martin A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTAn ideal tracheal scaffold must withstand luminal collapse yet be flexible, have a sufficient degree of porosity to permit vascular and cellular ingrowth, but also be airtight and must facilitate growth of functional airway epithelium to avoid infection and aid in mucocilliary clearance. Finally, the scaffold must also be biocompatible to avoid implant rejection. Over the last 40 years, efforts to design and manufacture the airway have been undertaken worldwide but success has been limited and far apart. As a result, tracheal resection with primary repair remains the Gold Standard of care for patients presenting with airway disorders and malignancies. However, the maximum resectable length of the trachea is restricted to 30% of the total length in children or 50% in adults. Attempts to provide autologous grafts for human application have also been disappointing for a host of different reasons, including lack of implant integration, insufficient donor organs, and poor mechanical strength resulting in an unmet clinical need. The two main approaches researchers have taken to address this issue have been the development of synthetic scaffolds and the use of decellularized organs. To date, a number of different decellularization techniques and a variety of materials, including polyglycolic acid (PGA) and nanocomposite polymers have been explored. The findings thus far have shown great promise, however, there remain a significant number of caveats accompanying each approach. That being said, the possibilities presented by these two approaches could be combined to produce a highly successful, clinically viable hybrid scaffold. This article aims to highlight advances in airway tissue engineering and provide an overview of areas to explore and utilize in accomplishing the aim of developing an ideal tracheal prosthesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 1497–1505, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.