bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and transcranial direct current stimulation on motor function in patients with stroke
Authors: Kwon Tae Gun , Park Eunhee , Kang Chung , Chang Won Hyuk , Kim Yun-Hee 
Published: September 2016

Background: Both transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), when provided to stroke patients in combination with motor training, enhance therapeutic efficacy and motor function. However, the majority of previous studies have only examined a single treatment modality. Objective: The authors investigated the modulating influence of combination dual-mode brain stimulation upon bihemispheric stimulation with motor training in stroke patients. Methods: Twenty stroke patients with hemiparesis underwent five randomly arranged sessions of diverse combinations of rTMS and tDCS. We applied cathodal or anodal tDCS over the contralesional primary motor cortex (cM1) and 10 Hz rTMS over the ipsilesional primary motor cortex (iM1) in a simultaneous or preconditioning method including sham stimulation. Immediately after dual-mode stimulation, sequential hand motor training was performed for 5 minutes. The total pulses of rTMS and the duration of tDCS and motor training were the same for all sessions. Cortical excitability and sequential motor performance were evaluated before and after each session. Results: Motor function and corticomotor excitability following simultaneous stimulation via cathodal tDCS over the cM1 combined with 10 Hz rTMS over the iM1 were significantly increased after the intervention, with significantly greater motor improvement than seen with other treatment conditions ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: For the combination of bihemispheric rTMS and tDCS, simultaneous stimulation of cathodal tDCS and 10 Hz rTMS results in better motor performance in stroke patients than other combination methods. This result seemed to be related to effective modulation of interhemispheric imbalance of cortical excitability by dual-mode stimulation.
Feasibility of using sodium alginate for improving structural quality of sweet dahi
Authors: Islam MN , Arefin S , Sarker MAH , Akhter S , Habib R 
Published: September 2016

Dahi is a popular fermented milk product with higher nutritional value and significant therapeutic properties. The objective of the present study was to use sodium alginate as stabilizer to monitor the feasibility of using for improving structural quality of sweet dahi. Dahi were prepared using 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8% and 1% sodium alginate. One control sample was made with no stabilizer to judge the other treated samples. All the samples were analyzed for organoleptic and chemical qualities .Significant difference was found in case of smell & taste score (p<0.05), body & consistency (p<0.01), color (p<0.01). Highest (p<0.05) smell and taste score was found at 0.6% sodium alginate treated dahi. In case of body & consistency 0.6% sodium alginate showed better results. In case of color, 0.6% level of sodium alginate (p<0.01) showed nearly similar result as dahi with no sodium alginate. Significant (p<0.01) differences were found among the treatments in case of composition of dahi samples, except for the fat content, which showed insignificant (p>0.05) difference. Total solids, ash and protein content of dahi samples were increased after addition of sodium alginate. From the above analysis 0.6% sodium alginate was found to be better and it can be concluded that sodium alginate can be used as stabilizer to improve the structural quality of dahi.Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2016. 45 (2): 66-72
Between Legend and Reality: The Bukit Batu Cemetery of the Island of Bintan, Riau Archipelago
Authors: Massot Gilles , Kalus Ludvik 
Published: September 2016

Entre légende et réalité : le cimetière Bukit Batu de l''île de Bintan, archipel de Riau
Cet article se propose d’établir l’importance historique du cimetière de Bintan Bukit Batu, situé au centre de Bintan, l’une des principales îles de l’archipel de Riau en Indonésie. Ce cimetière a fait l’objet d’un relevé réalisé par Gilles Massot en 2010. La première partie décrit les six «tombes » , et plus spécialement les pierres tombales qui se trouvent actuellement dans le cimetière. Cinq de ces tombes sont marquées par des pierres du type batu Aceh, un style fréquemment rencontré en Asie du Sud-Est maritime. La lecture effectuée par Ludvik Kalus des inscriptions sur l’une de ces tombes a révélé une date du XVe siècle EC, faisant de cette inscription la plus ancienne inscription islamique connue de l’archipel de Riau. Dans la seconde partie, l’histoire orale de ces tombes est comparée aux versions publiées de la
Sejarah Melayu. La troisième partie est consacrée au rôle de Bukit Batu depuis la Deuxième Guerre Mondiale et à son futur dans le contexte de la transformation présente de Bintan.
Nouvelles considérations sur les deux inscriptions arabes dites du « Champa »
Authors: Lotfi Abdeljaouad 
Published: September 2016

New Considerations on the Two Arabic Inscriptions Supposed to Come from the “ Champa”
Through a series of palaeographic comparisons and linguitisc analyses, we manage to dispel the ambiguities about the two Arabic inscriptions considered from “ Champa”. In fact, these inscriptions have no relation at all to the context of their discovery (on the Annamese coast, in Vietnam), as both belong to “ Tunisian Ifrīqiyya”. They were engraved in Qayrawan, on the same object, but at two very distant dates (the 11th and the 19th centuries AD).
Journeys, Palaces and Landscapes in the Javanese Imaginary. Some Preliminary Comments Based on the Kakawin Sumanasāntaka
Authors: Worsley Peter 
Published: September 2016

Voyages, Palais et paysages dans l'imaginaire javanais. Quelques commentaires préliminaires basées sur le kakawin sumanasāntaka
Les épopées kakawin contiennent des descriptions vivantes des espaces architecturaux des palais, villages, temples et hermitages, des paysages ruraux et de l’espace des régions sauvages. Dans cet essai on discute comment une lecture du poème épique de Mpu Monaguṇa Sumanasāntaka (La mort par une fleur sumanasa) peut contribuer à interpréter l’histoire de l’environnement javanais au début du XIIIe siècle et peut être utile aux archéologues qui tentent d’interpréter les usages socio-culturels des sites qu’ils fouillent. Ce faisant, nous posons la question de savoir à quel point un tel poème donne une description fidèle de la vie javanaise de cette époque, ce qui nous entraîne à considérer deux choses. D’abord la différence entre ce qui pourrait être le témoignage d’une véritable culture javanaise opposée à une culture indienne et ensuite si ce poème est un témoignage de la vie réelle et non pas une oeuvre romanesque.
Dynamique de la production du cuivre au temps des royaumes de Chypre
Authors: Fasnacht Walter 
Published: September 2016

Les fouilles sur le site de métallurgie extractive du cuivre d'Agia Varvara-Almyras forment la base de cette contribution plutôt technologique sur le cuivre de Chypre. Le site d'Almyras a livré la seule chaîne opératoire complète de la production de cuivre découverte jusqu'ici à Chypre : de la mine aux outils de concassage du minerai en passant par plusieurs types de fours de grillage et de réduction jusqu'au cuivre raffiné, tous les vestiges pyrotechniques excepté ceux de la fusion et de la coulée du bronze ont été trouvés. Les activités à Almyras sont datées entre le VIe s et le IIe siècle av. J.-C.
Le résultat le plus spectaculaire, en dehors de la reconstitution ergonomique du site, est un four de réduction intact à 90 %. C'est le seul four métallurgique du Proche-Orient du 1er millénaire av. J.-C. permettant de reconstituer la taille, la forme et la fonction d'une unité de réduction de minerai de cuivre. Ni la région célèbre de Timna dans le Sinaï, ni les fouilles de Fenan, ni les sites plus lointains d'Oman, n'ont fourni d'installations aussi révélatrices que le four n° 8 d'Almyras.
L'ensemble des vestiges métallurgiques d'Almyras et d'autres sites de production primaire de cuivre dans la vallée de Sia nous permettent de définir avec assez de précision la technique et le cadre socio-politique de la production du cuivre au temps des royaumes de Chypre. L'environnement géologique et technologique, l'organisation du travail et le produit final - un métal plus ou moins pur - se distinguent clairement de ceux de l'Age du Bronze et de l'époque romaine. La période située entre le VIIIe et le IVe siècle av. J.-C. marque l'apogée technologique de la transformation des minerais et des fours, en particulier de la relation géométrique entre four et tuyère, au cours de toutes les époques pré-médiévales.
L'objectif du projet d'Almyras est de reconstituer ces vestiges uniques du patrimoine historique de Chypre dans leur réalité physique, expérimentale et virtuelle. Cette reconstitution en grandeur réelle a pour but de présenter les résultats de notre recherche aux mondes scientifique, pédagogique et touristique.
MAGNETIC FIELD TWISTING BY INTERGRANULAR DOWNDRAFTS
Authors: Taroyan Youra , Williams Thomas 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The interaction of an intergranular downdraft with an embedded vertical magnetic field is examined. It is demonstrated that the downdraft may couple to small magnetic twists leading to an instability. The descending plasma exponentially amplifies the magnetic twists when it decelerates with depth due to increasing density. Most efficient amplification is found in the vicinity of the level, where the kinetic energy density of the downdraft reaches equipartition with the magnetic energy density. Continual extraction of energy from the decelerating plasma and growth in the total azimuthal energy occurs as a consequence of the wave-flow coupling along the downdraft. The presented mechanism may drive vortices and torsional motions that have been detected between granules and in simulations of magnetoconvection.
NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE EARLY LIGHT CURVES OF TYPE IIP SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Morozova Viktoriya , Piro Anthony L. , Renzo Mathieu , Ott Christian D. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The early rise of Type IIP supernovae (SN IIP) provides important information for constraining the properties of their progenitors. This can, in turn, be compared to pre-explosion imaging constraints and stellar models to develop a more complete picture of how massive stars evolve and end their lives. Using the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC), we model the first 40 days of SNe IIP to better understand what constraints can be derived from their early light curves. We use two sets of red supergiant (RSG) progenitor models with zero-age main sequence masses in the range between

and

. We find that the early properties of the light curve depend most sensitively on the radius of the progenitor, and thus provide a relation between the g-band rise time and the radius at the time of explosion. This relation will be useful for deriving constraints on progenitors from future observations, especially in cases where detailed modeling of the entire rise is not practical. When comparing to observed rise times, the radii we find are a factor of a few larger than previous semi-analytic derivations and are generally in better agreement with what is found with current stellar evolution calculations as well as direct observations of RSGs.
RADIOACTIVITY AND THERMALIZATION IN THE EJECTA OF COMPACT OBJECT MERGERS AND THEIR IMPACT ON KILONOVA LIGHT CURVES
Authors: Barnes Jennifer , Kasen Daniel , Wu Meng-Ru , Martínez-Pinedo Gabriel 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
One promising electromagnetic signature of compact object mergers are kilonovae: approximately isotropic radioactively powered transients that peak days to weeks post-merger. Key uncertainties in kilonova modeling include the emission profiles of the radioactive decay products—non-thermal

-particles,

-particles, fission fragments, and

-rays—and the efficiency with which their kinetic energy is absorbed by the ejecta. The radioactive energy emitted, along with its thermalization efficiency, sets the luminosity budget and is therefore crucial for predicting kilonova light curves. We outline uncertainties in the radioactivity, describe the processes by which the decay products transfer energy to the ejecta, and calculate time-dependent thermalization efficiencies for each particle type. We determine the net thermalization efficiency and explore its dependence on r-process yields—in particular, the production of

-decaying translead nuclei—and on ejecta mass, velocity, and magnetic fields. We incorporate our results into detailed radiation transport simulations, and calculate updated kilonova light curve predictions. Thermalization effects reduce kilonova luminosities by a factor of roughly 2 at peak, and by an order of magnitude at later times (15 days or more after explosion). We present analytic fits to time-dependent thermalization efficiencies, which can be used to improve light curve models. We revisit the putative kilonova that accompanied gamma-ray burst 130603B, and estimate the mass ejected in that event. We find later time kilonova light curves can be significantly impacted by

-decay from translead isotopes; data at these times may therefore be diagnostic of ejecta abundances.
SELF-SUSTAINED RECYCLING IN THE INNER DUST RING OF PRE-TRANSITIONAL DISKS
Authors: Husmann T. , Loesche C. , Wurm G. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Observations of pre-transitional disks show a narrow inner dust ring and a larger outer one. They are separated by a cavity with no or only little dust. We propose an efficient recycling mechanism for the inner dust ring which keeps it in a steady state. No major particle sources are needed for replenishment. Dust particles and pebbles drift outwards by radiation pressure and photophoresis. The pebbles grow during outward drift until they reach a balanced position where residual gravity compensates photophoresis. While still growing larger they reverse their motion and drift inward. Eventually, their speed is fast enough for them to be destroyed in collisions with other pebbles and drift outward again. We quantify the force balance and drift velocities for the disks LkCa15 and HD 135344B. We simulate single-particle evolution and show that this scenario is viable. Growth and drift timescales are on the same order and a steady state can be established in the inner dust ring.
A PERTURBATIVE ANALYSIS OF SYNCHROTRON SPECTRAL INDEX VARIATION OVER THE MICROWAVE SKY
Authors: Saha Rajib , Aluri Pavan K. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we implement a perturbative approach, first proposed by Bouchet & Gispert, to estimate the variation of the spectral index of galactic polarized synchrotron emission, using a linear combination of simulated Stokes Q polarization maps of selected frequency bands from WMAP and Planck observations on a region of sky dominated by the synchrotron Stokes Q signal. We find that a first order perturbative analysis recovers the input spectral index map well. Along with the spectral index variation map, our method provides a fixed reference index,

, over the sky portion being analyzed. Using Monte-Carlo simulations, we find that

, which matches very closely with the position of a peak at

of the empirical probability density function of input synchrotron indices obtained from the same sky region. For thermal dust, the mean recovered spectral index

from simulations, matches very well with the spatially fixed input thermal dust spectral index

. As accompanying results of the method, we reconstruct cosmic microwave background, thermal dust, and a synchrotron template components with fixed spectral indices over the entire sky region. We use, in our analysis, full pixel–pixel noise covariance matrices of all frequency bands, estimated from the sky region being analyzed. The perturbative technique of this work (1) can build a model with an arbitrary but sufficient degree of accuracy (and precession) as allowed by the data and (2) can produce maximum likelihood estimators for reference indices and templates asymptotically.
IN SITU FORMATION AND DYNAMICAL EVOLUTION OF HOT JUPITER SYSTEMS
Authors: Batygin Konstantin , Bodenheimer Peter H. , Laughlin Gregory P. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Hot Jupiters, giant extrasolar planets with orbital periods shorter than ∼10 days, have long been thought to form at large radial distances, only to subsequently experience long-range inward migration. Here, we offer the contrasting view that a substantial fraction of the hot Jupiter population formed in situ via the core-accretion process. We show that under conditions appropriate to the inner regions of protoplanetary disks, rapid gas accretion can be initiated by super-Earth-type planets, comprising 10–20 Earth masses of refractory material. An in situ formation scenario leads to testable consequences, including the expectation that hot Jupiters should frequently be accompanied by additional low-mass planets with periods shorter than ∼100 days. Our calculations further demonstrate that dynamical interactions during the early stages of planetary systems’ lifetimes should increase the inclinations of such companions, rendering transits rare. High-precision radial velocity monitoring provides the best prospect for their detection.
INFRARED HIGH-RESOLUTION INTEGRATED LIGHT SPECTRAL ANALYSES OF M31 GLOBULAR CLUSTERS FROM APOGEE
Authors: Sakari Charli M. , Shetrone Matthew D. , Schiavon Ricardo P. , Bizyaev Dmitry , Prieto Carlos Allende , Beers Timothy C. , Caldwell Nelson , García-Hernández Domingo Aníbal , Lucatello Sara , Majewski Steven , O’Connell Robert W. , Pan Kaike , Strader Jay 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
Chemical abundances are presented for 25 M31 globular clusters (GCs), based on moderately high resolution (R = 22,500) H-band integrated light (IL) spectra from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE). Infrared (IR) spectra offer lines from new elements, lines of different strengths, and lines at higher excitation potentials compared to the optical. Integrated abundances of C, N, and O are derived from CO, CN, and OH molecular features, while Fe, Na, Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca, and Ti abundances are derived from atomic features. These abundances are compared to previous results from the optical, demonstrating the validity and value of IR IL analyses. The CNO abundances are consistent with typical tip of the red giant branch stellar abundances but are systematically offset from optical Lick index abundances. With a few exceptions, the other abundances agree between the optical and the IR within the 1σ uncertainties. The first integrated K abundances are also presented and demonstrate that K tracks the α elements. The combination of IR and optical abundances allows better determinations of GC properties and enables probes of the multiple populations in extragalactic GCs. In particular, the integrated effects of the Na/O anticorrelation can be directly examined for the first time.
ON SOLAR WIND ORIGIN AND ACCELERATION: MEASUREMENTS FROM ACE
Authors: Stakhiv Mark , Lepri Susan T. , Landi Enrico , Tracy Patrick , Zurbuchen Thomas H. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
The origin and acceleration of the solar wind are still debated. In this paper, we search for signatures of the source region and acceleration mechanism of the solar wind in the plasma properties measured in situ by the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft. Using the elemental abundances as a proxy for the source region and the differential velocity and ion temperature ratios as a proxy for the acceleration mechanism, we are able to identify signatures pointing toward possible source regions and acceleration mechanisms. We find that the fast solar wind in the ecliptic plane is the same as that observed from the polar regions and is consistent with wave acceleration and coronal-hole origin. We also find that the slow wind is composed of two components: one similar to the fast solar wind (with slower velocity) and the other likely originating from closed magnetic loops. Both components of the slow solar wind show signatures of wave acceleration. From these findings, we draw a scenario that envisions two types of wind, with different source regions and release mechanisms, but the same wave acceleration mechanism.
KNOWN PULSARS IDENTIFIED IN THE GMRT 150 MHz ALL-SKY SURVEY
Authors: Frail D. A. , Jagannathan P. , Mooley K. P. , Intema H. T. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
We have used the 150 MHz radio continuum survey (TGSS ADR) from the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) to search for phase-averaged emission toward all well-localized radio pulsars north of −53° decl. We detect emission toward 200 pulsars with high confidence (

) and another 88 pulsars at fainter levels. We show that most of our identifications are likely from pulsars, except for a small number where the measured flux density is confused by an associated supernova or pulsar-wind nebula, or a globular cluster. We investigate the radio properties of the 150 MHz sample and find an unusually high number of gamma-ray binary millisecond pulsars with very steep spectral indices. We also note a discrepancy in the measured flux densities between GMRT and LOFAR pulsar samples, suggesting that the flux density scale for the LOFAR pulsar sample may be in error by approximately a factor of two. We carry out a separate search of 30 well-localized gamma-ray, radio-quiet pulsars in an effort to detect a widening of the radio beam into the line of sight at lower frequencies. No steep-spectrum emission was detected either toward individual pulsars or in a weighted stack of all 30 images.
AN ACCRETION-JET MODEL FOR M87: INTERPRETING THE SPECTRAL ENERGY DISTRIBUTION AND FARADAY ROTATION MEASURE
Authors: Feng Jianchao , Wu Qingwen , Lu Ru-Sen 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT
M87 is arguably the best supermassive black hole (BH) to explore jet and/or accretion physics, due to its proximity and fruitful high-resolution multi-waveband observations. We model the multi-wavelength spectral energy distribution (SED) of the M87 core that observed at a scale of 0.4 arcsec (∼105
R
g, R
g is gravitational radius), as recently presented by Prieto et al. Similar to Sgr A*, we find that the millimeter bump as observed by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array can be modeled by the synchrotron emission of the thermal electrons in an advection-dominated accretion flow (ADAF), while the low-frequency radio emission and X-ray emission may predominantly come from the jet. The millimeter radiation from ADAF predominantly comes from the region within 10R
g, which is roughly consistent with the recent very long baseline interferometry observations at 230 GHz. We further calculate the Faraday rotation measure (RM) from both ADAF and jet models, and find that the RM predicted from the ADAF is roughly consistent with the measured value, while the RM predicted from the jet is much higher if jet velocity close to the BH is low or moderate (e.g., v
jet ≲ 0.6 c). With the constraints from the SED modeling and RM, we find that the accretion rate close to the BH horizon is

(

is Bondi accretion rate), where the electron density profile, n
e ∝ r
∼−1, in the accretion flow, is consistent with that determined from X-ray observation inside the Bondi radius and recent numerical simulations.