bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Représentations de la formation chez les nouveaux professeurs des écoles formés en IUFM
Authors: Léonard Franck 
Published: January 2018

The IUFM (Teachers’ training colleges) have provided a one year course for primary schools teachers since 1991. Some of the representations these teachers had of their training and their views on the necessary adjustement from training to practice, were made apparent in a survey made among 500 of them in 1996. This article is an attempt to give an account of the significant elements in this survey and analyses them along these lines :
-who are the primary schools teachers ?
-what image do these teachers have of their training ?
-what is the role of the IUFM, according to them ?
La « machine à lire » et le scriptorium électronique
Authors: Ducard Dominique 
Published: January 2018

Les technologies informatiques de l’information et de la communication modifient en profondeur les représentations du texte et les conditions de sa lecture et de son écriture. Nous exposons un dispositif didactique qui combine les techniques de recherche dans une base encyclopédique et les différents modes de traitement du document électronique. La description et l’analyse de ce dispositif montrent en quoi l’instrumentation informatique permet de développer une activité textuelle évolutive et dynamique mettant en oeuvre des procédures techniques sous-tendues par des opérations mentales précises. Outre l’intérêt pédagogique d’une telle pratique des textes et documents, les réflexions que celle-ci nous suggère servent à nous orienter dans le débat actuel concernant l’incidence de l’innovation technologique sur les mutations de la lecture-écriture et la transformation des formes du savoir, quand la «machine à lire » et le «scriptorium
électronique » deviennent nos outils d’expression et d’acculturation.
La vulgarisation de la démarche expérimentale dans le mémoire de l’enseignant spécialisé : quel(s) impact(s) sur les pratiques pédagogiques ?
Authors: Garnier Philippe 
Published: January 2018

Cet article examine comment la démarche expérimentale est conçue et mise en pratique dans la classe avec des élèves ayant un handicap moteur, à travers le mémoire professionnel d’enseignants spécialisés. Quatre profils d’enseignants sont définis, selon que leurs approches théorique et pratique de la démarche expérimentale soit plutôt authentique
ou vulgarisée. L’article évoque des aspects autoformateurs de la réalisation des mémoires selon le profil de l’enseignant. Des extraits de quatre mémoires illustrent le propos.
La copie d’expression écrite certificative en langue étrangère : un support équitable ? Le cas de la Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles
Authors: Noiroux Kevin , Simons Germain 
Published: January 2018

La copie d’expression écrite certificative est un support qui a pour fonction, théoriquement du moins, d’informer chaque élève sur sa performance dans cette compétence à un moment t, et de l’aider à comprendre ses erreurs pour qu’il puisse, in fine,
progresser dans son apprentissage. Dans cet article, nous analysons la copie certificative à travers différents prismes. Au niveau macro, nous abordons les réformes du système éducatif en matière d’évaluation ; au niveau méso, nous ciblons les outils d’évaluation proposés par ce même système, ainsi que la place qu’y occupe, ou pas, la remédiation ; au niveau micro,
nous traitons le problème des types de feedbacks correctifs qui sont fournis à l’élève sur sa copie d’expression écrite. Le croisement de différentes sources (prescrits légaux, entretiens, enquêtes, analyse de copies annotées…) nous conduit à penser que ce support présente des risques importants d’inégalité.
Vocabulaire et compréhension de textes : si nous ne laissions à la charge de l’élève que celle qui lui revient ?
Authors: Cèbe Sylvie , Goigoux Roland 
Published: January 2018

Dans le domaine de la compréhension de textes, les différences d’efficience entre élèves de milieux sociaux contrastés sont très fortes. Ceci tient à la nature de l’activité de lecture qui requiert la coordination d’un ensemble complexe de compétences qui sont toutes potentiellement à la source des difficultés. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous ne traitons que l’une d’entre elles, probablement la plus décisive pour les enjeux de démocratisation : le vocabulaire. Après avoir présenté les origines possibles des différences observées
! aussi bien dans les pratiques familiales que scolaires !, nous décrivons un ensemble d’activités et de tâches explicitement conçues pour aider les maîtres à enseigner le vocabulaire, le faire mémoriser et utiliser par leurs élèves.
Correlation between the Total Gravitating Mass of Groups and Clusters and the Supermassive Black Hole Mass of Brightest Galaxies
Authors: Bogdán Ákos , Lovisari Lorenzo , Volonteri Marta , Dubois Yohan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Supermassive black holes (BHs) residing in the brightest cluster galaxies are over-massive relative to the stellar bulge mass or central stellar velocity dispersion of their host galaxies. As BHs residing at the bottom of the galaxy cluster’s potential well may undergo physical processes that are driven by the large-scale characteristics of the galaxy clusters, it is possible that the growth of these BHs is (indirectly) governed by the properties of their host clusters. In this work, we explore the connection between the mass of BHs residing in the brightest group/cluster galaxies (BGGs/BCGs) and the virial temperature, and hence total gravitating mass, of galaxy groups/clusters. To this end, we investigate a sample of 17 BGGs/BCGs with dynamical BH mass measurements and utilize XMM-Newton X-ray observations to measure the virial temperatures and infer the

mass of the galaxy groups/clusters. We find that the

relation is significantly tighter and exhibits smaller scatter than the

relations. The best-fitting power-law relations are

and

=

. Thus, the BH mass of BGGs/BCGs may be set by physical processes that are governed by the properties of the host galaxy group/cluster. These results are confronted with the Horizon-AGN simulation, which reproduces the observed relations well, albeit the simulated relations exhibit notably smaller scatter.
Coronal Electron Density Temperature and Solar Spectral Irradiance during Solar Cycles 23 and 24
Authors: Gómez J. M Rodríguez , Vieira L. , Lago A. Dal , Palacios J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Plasma parameters such as the electron density and temperature play a key role in the dynamics of the solar atmosphere. These characteristics are important in solar physics because they can help us to understand the physics of the solar corona, the ultimate goal being the reconstruction of the electron density and temperature distributions in the solar corona. The relations between emission and plasma parameters in different timescales are studied. We present a physics-based model to reconstruct the density, temperature, and emission in the EUV band. This model, called COronal DEnsity and Temperature (CODET), is composed of a flux transport model, an extrapolation model, an emission model, and an optimization algorithm. The CODET model parameters were constrained by comparing the model’s output to the TIMED/SEE record instead of direct observations because it covers a longer time interval than the direct solar observations currently available. The most important results of the current work are the recovery of SSI variability in specific wavelengths in the EUV band, as well as the variations in density and temperature during large timescales through the solar atmosphere with the CODET model. The evolution of the electron density and temperature profiles through the solar corona in different layers during solar cycles 23 and 24 will be presented. The emission maps were obtained and they are in accordance with the observations. Additionally, the density and temperature maps are related to the variations of the magnetic field in different layers through the solar atmosphere.
Warm Dark Matter and Cosmic Reionization
Authors: Villanueva-Domingo Pablo , Gnedin Nickolay Y. , Mena Olga 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In models with dark matter made of particles with keV masses, such as a sterile neutrino, small-scale density perturbations are suppressed, delaying the period at which the lowest mass galaxies are formed and therefore shifting the reionization processes to later epochs. In this study, focusing on Warm Dark Matter (WDM) with masses close to its present lower bound, i.e., around the 3 keV region, we derive constraints from galaxy luminosity functions, the ionization history and the Gunn–Peterson effect. We show that even if star formation efficiency in the simulations is adjusted to match the observed UV galaxy luminosity functions in both CDM and WDM models, the full distribution of Gunn–Peterson optical depth retains the strong signature of delayed reionization in the WDM model. However, until the star formation and stellar feedback model used in modern galaxy formation simulations is constrained better, any conclusions on the nature of dark matter derived from reionization observables remain model-dependent.
Relativistic MR–MP Energy Levels for L-shell Ions of Silicon
Authors: Santana Juan A. , Lopez-Dauphin Nahyr A. , Beiersdorfer Peter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Level energies are reported for Si v, Si vi, Si vii, Si viii, Si ix, Si x, Si xi, and Si xii. The energies have been calculated with the relativistic Multi-Reference Møller–Plesset Perturbation Theory method and include valence and K-vacancy states with nl up to 5f. The accuracy of the calculated level energies is established by comparison with the recommended data listed in the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) online database. The average deviation of valence level energies ranges from 0.20 eV in Si v to 0.04 eV in Si xii. For K-vacancy states, the available values recommended in the NIST database are limited to Si xii and Si xiii. The average energy deviation is below 0.3 eV for K-vacancy states. The extensive and accurate data set presented here greatly augments the amount of available reference level energies. We expect our data to ease the line identification of L-shell ions of Si in celestial sources and laboratory-generated plasmas, and to serve as energy references in the absence of more accurate laboratory measurements.
Oscillator Strengths and Integral Cross Sections of the Valence-shell Excitations of Acetylene Studied by the High-energy Electron-scattering
Authors: Liu Ya-Wei , Xu Long-Quan , Chen Tao , Qi De-Guang , Xiong Tao , Zhu Lin-Fan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The oscillator strengths and integral cross sections of the valence-shell excitations of acetylene have significant applications in the studies of interstellar gases. In the present work, the generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs) of the valence-shell excitations of acetylene have been determined by the fast-electron-scattering technique at an incident electron energy of 1500 eV and an energy resolution of 70 meV. The optical oscillator strengths (OOSs) of the valence-shell excitations of acetylene have been obtained by extrapolating the GOSs to the limit of the squared momentum transfer K
2 → 0. The present OOSs give an independent cross-check to the previous experimental and theoretical results, and the discrepancies between the present OOSs and the photoabsorption ones are analyzed in detail for the R30–R33 excitations. The integral cross sections of the valence-shell excitations of acetylene have been obtained systematically from the threshold to 5000 eV for the first time with the aid of the newly developed BE-scaling method. The present OOSs and integral cross sections of the valence-shell excitations of acetylene are the basic data for the astrophysical study and are conducive to deepening our understanding of the atmospheres of Jupiter and Saturn, and other outer planets and satellites.
A Catalog of Quasar Properties from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
Authors: Chen Zhi-Fu , Pan Da-Sheng , Pang Ting-Ting , Huang Yong 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Using the quasars with z
em < 0.9 from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, we measure the spectral characteristics, including continuum and emission lines, around the Hβ and Hα spectral regions, which are lacking in Quasar Data Release 12 (DR12Q). We estimate the virial black hole mass from broad Hα and/or Hβ, and infer quasar redshifts from [O iii] λ5007 emission lines. All the measurements and derived quantities are publicly available. A comparison between [O iii] λ5007 redshifts and the visual inspection redshifts included in DR12Q indicates that the visual inspection redshifts are robust. We find that the full widths at half maximum of the broad Hα are consistent with those of the broad Hβ, while both the equivalent widths and line luminosities of the broad Hα are obviously larger than the corresponding quantities of the broad Hβ. We also find that there is an obviously systematic offset between the Hβ and Hα based mass if they are inferred from the empirical relationships in the literature. Using our large quasar sample, we have improved the Hβ and Hα based mass estimators by minimizing the difference between the Hβ- and Hα-based masses. For the black hole mass estimator (Equation (1)), we find that the coefficients (a, b) = (7.00, 0.50) for Hα and (a, b) = (6.96, 0.50) for Hβ are the best choices.
Formation and High-order Carboxylic Acids (RCOOH) in Interstellar Analogous Ices of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and Methane(CH4)
Authors: Zhu Cheng , Turner Andrew M. , Abplanalp Matthew J. , Kaiser Ralf I. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This laboratory study simulated the abiotic formation of carboxylic acids (RCOOH) in interstellar analogous ices of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) at 10 K upon exposure to energetic electrons. The chemical processing of the ices and the subsequent warm-up phase were monitored online and in situ, exploiting Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry and quadrupole mass spectrometry. Characteristic absorptions of functional groups of carboxylic acids (RCOOH) were observed in the infrared spectra of the irradiated ice. Two proposed reaction mechanisms replicated the kinetic profiles of the carboxylic acids along with the decay profile of the precursors during the irradiation via hydrocarbon formation, followed by carboxylation and/or through acetic acid along with mass growth processes of the alkyl chain. Mass spectra recorded during the warm-up phase demonstrated that these acids are distributed from acetic acid (CH3COOH) up to decanoic acid (C9H19COOH). High-dose irradiation studies (91 ± 14 eV) converted low-molecular-weight acids such as acetic acid (CH3COOH) and propionic acid (C2H5COOH) to higher-molecular-weight carboxylic acids, compared to low-dose irradiation studies (18 ± 3 eV). The traces of the

(m/z = 60) fragment—a link to linear carboxylic acids—implied that higher-order acids (C
n
H2n+1COOH, n ≥ 5) are likely branched, which correlates with the recent analysis of the structures of the monocarboxylic acids in the Murchison meteorite.
On the Rotation of Supermassive Stars
Authors: Haemmerlé Lionel , Woods Tyrone E. , Klessen Ralf S. , Heger Alexander , Whalen Daniel J. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Supermassive stars (SMSs) born from pristine gas in atomically cooled halos are thought to be the progenitors of supermassive black holes at high redshifts. However, the way they accrete their mass is still an unsolved problem. In particular, for accretion to proceed, a large amount of angular momentum has to be extracted from the collapsing gas. Here, we investigate the constraints stellar evolution imposes on this angular momentum problem. We present an evolution model of a supermassive Population III star simultaneously including accretion and rotation. We find that, for SMSs to form by accretion, the accreted angular momentum has to be about 1% of the Keplerian angular momentum. This tight constraint comes from the

limit, at which the combination of radiation pressure and centrifugal force cancels gravity. It implies that SMSs are slow rotators, with a surface velocity less than 10%–20% of their first critical velocity, at which the centrifugal force alone cancels gravity. At such low velocities, the deformation of the star due to rotation is negligible.
Efficacy of Continuous Interleukin 1 Blockade in Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency: A Multicenter Retrospective Study in 13 Adult Patients and Literature Review
Authors: Deshayes Samuel , Georgin-Lavialle Sophie , Hot Arnaud , Durel Cécile-Audrey , Hachulla Eric , Rouanes Nicolas , Audia Sylvain , Le Gallou Thomas , Quartier Pierre , Urbanski Geoffrey , Messer Laurent , Klein Stéphane , de Boysson Hubert , Bienvenu Boris , Grateau Gilles , Aouba Achille 
Published: January 2018

Objective.To report efficacy and tolerance of interleukin 1 blockade in adult patients with mevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD).Methods.We retrospectively collected data on 13 patients with MKD who had received anakinra (n = 10) and canakinumab (n = 7).Results.Anakinra resulted in complete or partial remission in 3/10 and 5/10 patients, respectively, and no efficacy in 2/10, but a switch to canakinumab led to partial remission. Canakinumab resulted in complete or partial remission in 3/7 and 4/7 patients, respectively.Conclusion.These data support frequent partial responses, showing a better response with canakinumab. The genotype and therapeutic outcomes correlation should help in the personalization of treatment.
« Lumières juives médiévales » : (s’)éduquer à l’épreuve du texte
Authors: Lemler David 
Published: January 2018

Résumé Selon Leo Strauss, les « Lumières médiévales » se distingueraient des Lumières modernes par leur élitisme intellectuel. Elles réservent le savoir à une certaine catégorie de lecture par le biais d’une écriture ésotérique. Or les Lumières juives médiévales se caractérisent précisément par le fait que, malgré cette anthropologie élitiste, elles se sont paradoxalement efforcées de diffuser le savoir philosophique auprès des non-philosophes. Il en découle une théorie spécifique de l’éducation dans laquelle l’effort à consentir pour traverser le voile de l’écriture est le moyen d’une subjectivation de la vérité. Une telle théorie donne son sens à la centralité de l’étude dans la vie juive, une vie consacrée à l’éducation des autres, mais aussi de soi-même à l’épreuve des textes.
The functional response and prey preference of generalistNabis(Hemiptera: Nabidae) predators to leafhopper prey (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Stasek David J. , Radl James N. , Crist Thomas O. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractInsects of the family Nabidae (Hemiptera) are generalist predators commonly found in agroecosystems, but little is known about their predation rates on common pests of forage crops. We determined the functional response and prey preference ofNabisLatreille species to two common leafhopper pests of red clover (Trifolium pratenseLinnaeus; Fabaceae):Agallia constrictaVan Duzee (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) andCeratagallia agricola(Hamilton) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). We also determined the survivorship ofA. constrictato predation byNabisspecies over the course of five days. TheNabisspecies displayed a Type III functional response to both leafhopper species with a preference forA. constricta. The 10-A. constricta/cage treatments and 20-A. constricta/cage treatments had the highest survival probabilities after five days with survival probabilities of 0.19 and 0.23, respectively. These results indicate thatNabisspecies may help in controlling leafhopper populations in forage-crop systems.
Description of the skeleton of the fossil beaked whale &lt;i&gt;Messapicetus gregarius&lt;/i&gt;: searching potential proxies for deep-diving abilities
Authors: Ramassamy Benjamin , Lambert Olivier , Collareta Alberto , Urbina Mario , Bianucci Giovanni 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Ziphiidae (beaked whales) are a successful family of medium- to large-sized toothed whales. Their extant members perform regular deep dives beyond the photic zone to forage for cephalopods and fish. Conversely, extinct long-snouted stem ziphiids are interpreted as epipelagic predators. However, some aspects of this hypothesis remain unclear due to the lack of clear morphological proxies for recognizing regular deep divers. We compared the forelimb, neck, and pterygoid sinus system of the fossil ziphiid Messapicetus gregarius with those of other odontocetes to evaluate the potential of these body regions as proxies to assess deep-diving specialization. The reconstructed musculature of the neck and forelimb of M. gregarius was also compared with that of other odontocetes. We also quantified variation in the proportions of the forelimb and the hamular fossa of the pterygoid sinus (HF) using 16 linear measurements. The degree of association between diving behaviour in extant odontocetes and these measurements was evaluated with and without phylogenetic correction. Reconstruction of the neck musculature suggests that M. gregarius possessed a neck more flexible than most extant ziphiids due to the lower degree of fusion of the cervical vertebrae and the large insertions for the M. longus colli and Mm. intertransversarii ventrales cervicis. While neck rigidity might be related to deep diving, differences in neck flexibility among extant ziphiids indicate a more complex functional interpretation. The relationship between forelimb morphology and diving behaviour was not significant, both with and without phylogenetic correction, suggesting that it cannot be used to assess deep-diving abilities with the parameters considered here. Measurements of the HF revealed successful to evaluate deep-diving abilities in odontocetes, with an enlargement of this structure in deep divers. Considering other evidence that suggests an epipelagic behaviour, we propose different scenarios to explain the observation of an enlarged HF in M. gregarius: (1) this species may have fed at different depths; (2) it performed deep dives to avoid potential predators; or (3) the enlarged HF and deep-diving habitat correspond to an ancestral condition, with M. gregarius returning to a more epipelagic habitat.
Investigating water budget dynamics in 18 river basins across the Tibetan Plateau through multiple datasets
Authors: Liu Wenbin , Sun Fubao , Li Yanzhong , Zhang Guoqing , Sang Yan-Fang , Lim Wee Ho , Liu Jiahong , Wang Hong , Bai Peng 
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The dynamics of basin-scale water budgets over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are not well understood nowadays due to the lack of in situ hydro-climatic observations. In this study, we investigate the seasonal cycles and trends of water budget components (e.g. precipitation P, evapotranspiration ET and runoff Q) in 18 TP river basins during the period 1982–2011 through the use of multi-source datasets (e.g. in situ observations, satellite retrievals, reanalysis outputs and land surface model simulations). A water balance-based two-step procedure, which considers the changes in basin-scale water storage on the annual scale, is also adopted to calculate actual ET. The results indicated that precipitation (mainly snowfall from mid-autumn to next spring), which are mainly concentrated during June–October (varied among different monsoons-impacted basins), was the major contributor to the runoff in TP basins. The P, ET and Q were found to marginally increase in most TP basins during the past 30 years except for the upper Yellow River basin and some sub-basins of Yalong River, which were mainly affected by the weakening east Asian monsoon. Moreover, the aridity index (PET/P) and runoff coefficient (Q/P) decreased slightly in most basins, which were in agreement with the warming and moistening climate in the Tibetan Plateau. The results obtained demonstrated the usefulness of integrating multi-source datasets to hydrological applications in the data-sparse regions. More generally, such an approach might offer helpful insights into understanding the water and energy budgets and sustainability of water resource management practices of data-sparse regions in a changing environment.