bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neo‐Colonialism in South–South Relations? The Case of China and North Korea
Authors: Lee Jong‐Woon , Gray Kevin 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe past decade has seen the rapid expansion of economic ties between China and North Korea, leading to questions of whether this emerging relationship resembles neo‐colonialism or a more positive form of South–South cooperation. This article argues that China's engagement is driven in the first instance by strategic considerations, namely the maintenance of the geopolitical status quo on the Korean peninsula. However, North Korea has also become increasingly important in terms of Beijing's aims of revitalizing its north‐eastern region, and as such, economic relations are becoming increasingly market‐led. Although this mode of engagement bears similarities with China's engagement elsewhere in the developing world, North Korea's catastrophic economic decline in the 1990s largely preceded the more recent revival of relations with China. We argue therefore that bilateral relations between the two countries cannot usefully be regarded as ‘neo‐colonial’ since North Korea is receiving much needed trade and investment from China within the context of broader international isolation. As such, we suggest that more attention needs to be paid to how geopolitical specificities influence the manner in which South–South cooperation shapes the possibilities of development, and that the dichotomous terrain of the existing debate between optimistic and pessimistic viewpoints is unhelpful.
Scandinavian multicenter study on the treatment of 168 patients with 230 intruded permanent teeth – a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Tsilingaridis Georgios , Malmgren Barbro , Andreasen Jens O. , Wigen Tove I. , Maseng Aas Anne‐Lise , Malmgren Olle 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground/AimThe aim of the study was to evaluate the survival of intruded permanent teeth related to treatment in a large number of patients, with special focus on development of pulp necrosis and replacement resorption (ankylosis‐related resorption).Materials and MethodsThe material consisted of 168 patients (mean age 9.6 years) with 230 intruded permanent teeth from dental trauma clinics in Copenhagen, Denmark, Stockholm, Sweden, and Oslo, Norway. The degree of intrusion was classified as mild (1–<3 mm), moderate (3–7 mm), and severe (>7 mm). Root development was categorized with respect to root formation and development of the apex into three groups of increasing tooth maturity: very immature, immature, and mature.ResultsAwaiting re‐eruption was the treatment of choice in 107 teeth (47%), orthodontic repositioning in 28 (12%) and surgical repositioning in 95 (41%) teeth. Pulp necrosis was diagnosed in 173 teeth (75%), infection‐related root resorption in 57 (25%) and replacement resorption in 50 teeth (22%). Very immature teeth, teeth diagnosed with mild intrusion, and teeth awaiting re‐eruption had significantly (P < 0.05) fewer complications. In a stepwise discriminant function analysis, choice of treatment, root development, and degree of intrusion were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the development of replacement resorption. Root development and degree of intrusion were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with the development of pulp necrosis.ConclusionThis study indicates that root development and degree of intrusion may be important for the development of pulp necrosis as well as replacement resorption, whereas choice of treatment only seems to influence the development of replacement resorption in intruded permanent teeth. Awaiting re‐eruption resulted in the lowest risk for developing replacement resorption.
Culture and the Jitters: Guild Affiliation and Online Gaming Eustress/Distress
Authors: Snodgrass Jeffrey G. , Lacy Michael G. , Dengah H.J. Francois , Batchelder Greg , Eisenhower Scarlett , Thompson Rory Sascha 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe examine how online sociocultural context influences play experience in the popular online role‐playing game, World of Warcraft (WoW). We focus on how guilds, in‐game associations of like‐minded players, establish social relationships and cultural understandings that shape online play experience. Some guilds help their members regulate the stressful arousal emerging from challenging gaming activities—such as collaborative raids, where multiple players together try to defeat challenging opponents termed bosses—maximizing stress' positive eustressful potential. By contrast, so‐called “hard‐core” raiding guilds, the primary focus of this article, push their members to more extreme forms of online gaming, linking in‐game arousal with problematic patterns of play, potentially transforming pleasurable gaming eustress into harmful distress. Overall, we treat guilds as emergent communities of play, which, in the manner they differentially regulate their members’ gaming experiences, sharply illuminate the deep sociocultural shaping of the stress process. We suggest that these cultural processes are less visible in studies focusing more narrowly on distress or eustress alone—typically, medical anthropology in the first case, games studies in the second—making a balanced approach such as ours critical to psychological anthropologists hoping to clarify how culture lends psychobiological arousal its positive or negative valence.
On ensuring structural integrity for configurations with stress singularities: a review
Authors: Sinclair G B 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAt the outset in attempting to ensure structural integrity for configurations with stress singularities, it is important to recognize their presence. In addition to the asymptotic identifications of stress singularities available in the literature, the engineer can use divergence checks in numerical stress analysis to this end. After a review of the current state of the art of asymptotic identifications, this paper outlines some divergence checks that can also be effective in this role. Once singularities are recognized, there are four options open to engineers for attempting to ensure structural integrity: relying solely on experimental testing, drawing on the experience of others for like configurations, employing a fracture mechanics approach and removing singular stresses via improved modelling. This paper focuses on the last of these options. With suitable care, the requisite improved modelling can be realized by the introduction of stress‐separation laws. Resulting stresses then offer the potential of comparing with appropriate strengths to obtain structural integrity.
Realizing a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder as an adult
Authors: Lewis Laura Foran 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMany individuals with autism spectrum disorder are not diagnosed until adulthood, yet little is known about their experiences. This descriptive phenomenological study aimed to explore the experience of realizing a diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder in adulthood. A purposive sample of 77 adults was asked to describe their experiences of realizing a diagnosis as adults via an open‐ended online survey. Data were analysed using Colaizzi's method and six themes were derived: feeling different from others, riding an emotional rollercoaster, striving to accept themselves, strategizing to improve their lives, maintaining normalcy, and wandering into the future. Nurses must realize the importance of screening for depression following a new diagnosis. Barriers to reaching a formal diagnosis should also be evaluated.
The associations of supervisor support and work overload with burnout and depression: a cross‐sectional study in two nursing settings
Authors: Weigl Matthias , Stab Nicole , Herms Isabel , Angerer Peter , Hacker Winfried , Glaser Jürgen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsTo investigate the moderating effects of work overload and supervisor support on the emotional exhaustion–depressive state relationship.BackgroundBurnout and depression are prevalent in human service professionals and have a detrimental impact on clients. Work overload and supervisor support are two key job demands and job resources, whose role and interplay for the development and maintenance of burnout and depression are not fully understood yet.DesignTwo consecutive cross‐sectional surveys: survey 1 investigated 111 hospital nursing professionals and survey 2 examined 202 day care professionals. Data collection was completed in 2010.ResultsAfter controlling for general well‐being and sociodemographic characteristics, nurses’ emotional exhaustion was associated with increased depressive state in both samples. We found a meaningful three‐way interaction: our results show consistently that the relationship between emotional exhaustion and depressive state was strongest for nurses with high work overload and low supervisor support. Additionally, nurses with low work overload and low supervisor support were also found to have stronger associations between emotional exhaustion and depressive state.ConclusionThe findings indicate that nurses’ reported supervisor support exerts its buffering effect on the burnout‐depression link differentially and serves as an important resource for nurses dealing with high self‐reported work stress.
‘I Wanted to Come Here Because of My Child’: Stories of Migration Told by Turkish‐Speaking Families Who Have a Son or Daughter with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Sandhu Prabhleen , Ibrahim Jeyda , Chinn Deborah 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundDespite growing interest in the experiences and social barriers experienced by people with intellectual disabilities from ethnic minorities, the specific challenges associated with migration from abroad faced by these individuals and their families have been overlooked. This research focuses on narratives told by Turkish‐speaking families about migrating to the UK with a family member with intellectual disabilities.MethodSemi‐structured interviews were carried out with five Turkish‐speaking families who have a son or daughter with an intellectual disability and had migrated to the UK. Interviews were analysed using narrative analysis.ResultsSeeking help for the person with intellectual disabilities in a new country was a central part of migration narratives. The family member with intellectual disabilities was described as being caught up in wider geo‐political conflicts. Families continued to face challenges within their own communities and with accessing local services.ConclusionsEliciting narratives about families’ migration to their new homes can provide professionals with important information about family experiences of trauma and clarify hopes and expectations regarding service provision.
Sorodiplophrys stercorea: Another Novel Lineage of Sorocarpic Multicellularity
Authors: Tice Alexander K. , Silberman Jeffrey D. , Walthall Austin C. , Le Khoa N. D. , Spiegel Frederick W. , Brown Matthew W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSorodiplophrys stercorea is a sorocarpic organism that utilizes filose pseudopodia for locomotion and absorptive nutrition. It has traditionally been considered to be a member of the Labyrinthulae based on its morphology. Its closest relatives were thought to be species in the taxon Diplophrys. Since the genus Diplophrys has been shown to be paraphyletic and S. stercorea has pseudopodia similar to some members of Rhizaria, we examined its relationship with other eukaryotes. We obtained four isolates from the dung of cow and horse, brought each into monoeukaryotic culture, and sequenced their SSU rRNA gene for phylogenetic analysis. All our isolates were shown to form a monophyletic group in the Labyrinthulae, nested in the Amphifiloidea clade. Our results demonstrate that Sorodiplophrys is more closely related to species of the genus Amphifila than to Diplophrys and represents an additional independent origin of sorocarpic multicellularity among eukaryotes. This study represents the first confirmed sorocarpic lifestyle in the Stramenopiles.
THE IMPACT OF REAL ESTATE LENDING ON THRIFTS' FRANCHISE VALUES DURING THE 2007–2009 CRISIS: A COMPARISON WITH COMMERCIAL BANKS
Authors: Salotti Valentina , Schenck Natalya A. , Thornton John H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe real estate bubble and 2007–2009 financial crisis revived the debate about the viability of the thrift charter and its imposed limits on lending diversification. We compare the impact of real estate exposure on franchise values of publicly traded thrifts and size‐matched banks during and after the crisis. Whereas thrifts are mostly exposed to residential real estate, banks have a higher concentration in commercial real estate (CRE), which is significantly associated with the decline in their franchise values. We conclude that the constraints on loan portfolio diversification, such as the one on CRE, are not detrimental to the thrift charter.
Effects of Plant Oil Combinations Substituting Pork Back‐Fat Combined with Pre‐Emulsification on Physicochemical, Textural, Microstructural and Sensory Properties of Spreadable Chicken Liver PÂTÉ
Authors: Xiong Guoyuan , Wang Peng , Zheng Haibo , Xu Xinglian , Zhu Yingying , Zhou Guanghong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe effect of plant oils (sunflower and canola oil combinations) substituting 0–40% pork back‐fat combined with pre‐emulsification on the fatty acid profile, color, cooking loss, texture, microstructure and sensory evaluation of spreadable chicken liver pâtés was investigated. Pre‐emulsification back‐fat and plant oils, compared with the nontreated, affected significantly (P < 0.05) the color, cooking loss, texture, microstructure and sensory evaluation of liver pâtés. As increasing the percentage of plant oils substituting back‐fat from 10 to 40%, especially to 30 and 40%, the total saturated fatty acid content significantly decreased (P < 0.05), while polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acid significantly increased (P<0.05), and had even and fine microstructures, less cooking loss, spreadable texture and favored sensory evaluation. Therefore, a healthier spreadable chicken liver pâté can be formulated with plant oil combinations substituting 30–40% pork back‐fat combined with pre‐emulsification without adversely affecting eating quality.Practical ApplicationsLiver pâté products are traditional and popular meat products manufactured and consumed throughout the world. However, most liver pâté products show some negative health perception due to their high animal fat contents (about 35–50%) and high amounts of saturated fatty acids. How to substitute animal fat without sacrificing product quality is still a challenge for liver pâté. Furthermore, chicken liver pâtés are not widely manufactured and studied well. The aim of this study was to determine suitable proportions of substitution back‐fat with plant oils (sunflower and canola oil combinations) which contain high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and proper pre‐emulsification the back‐fat and plant oils method, and then fully utilize chicken liver to produce more healthy spreadable chicken liver pâté to meet consumer's needs.
Delay of gratification: a comparison study of children with Down syndrome, moderate intellectual disability and typical development
Authors: Cuskelly M. , Gilmore L. , Glenn S. , Jobling A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundSelf‐regulation has been found to be an important contributor to a range of outcomes, with delay of gratification (a self‐regulatory skill) predicting better academic, social and personal functioning. There is some evidence that individuals with Down syndrome have difficulty with delay of gratification. We investigated the question of whether this difficulty is common to intellectual disability irrespective of aetiology, or whether it presents a particular problem for those with Down syndrome. The latter was considered a possibility because of language difficulties in this group.MethodThree groups of children with a mean MA between 36 and 60 months participated in the study: children with Down syndrome (n = 32), children with a moderate intellectual disability from a cause other than Down syndrome (n = 26) and typically developing children (n = 50). Children completed a series of measures of language and cognitive functioning and participated in a delay of gratification task.ResultsThe group of children with Down syndrome delayed for a significantly shorter time than either of the other two groups that did not differ from each other. Receptive language was associated with delay time for the children with Down syndrome but not for the typically developing group, nor for the group with moderate intellectual disability.ConclusionsChildren with Down syndrome appear to have a particular difficulty with delay of gratification. Language abilities would seem to be implicated in this difficulty, although further examination of this hypothesis is required.
Educational Policing: Park Rangers and the Politics of the Green (E)State in Patagonia
Authors: Mendoza Marcos 
Published: March 2016

ResumenEste artículo examina cómo los guardaparques ejercen la autoridad política a través de sus prácticas de vigilancia conservacionista en relación a la actual crisis de legitimidad afectando al estado argentino post‐autoritario. La discusión se enfoca etnográficamente en una seccional patagónica de guardaparques en el Parque Nacional Los Glaciares y explica como los guardaparques despliegan múltiples técnicas de poder – la educación ambiental, la interdicción regulatoria, y la exclusión de recursos – para justificar y consolidar su autoridad en el patrimonio verde. También, este artículo investiga como la vigilancia de conservación promulga las políticas rentistas de la administración de parques en Argentina. Avanzo la proposición que las rentas de terrenos son fundamentales para la expansión de la globalización neoliberal en América Latina, llamando atención a la operación de las rentas de sitio dentro de las industrias del turismo vinculadas a las áreas protegidas. [Argentina, ecología, medio ambiente, globalización, mercados, política]
Effects of Dietary Carbohydrate‐to‐lipid Ratio on Growth Performance, Body Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activities, and Hepatic Enzyme Activities in Juvenile Large Yellow Croaker, Larimichthys crocea
Authors: Xing Shujuan , Sun Ruijian , Pan Xiaoyi , Ma Jun , Zhang Wenbing , Mai Kangsen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn 8‐wk feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary carbohydrate‐to‐lipid ratios (CHO : L) on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activities, and hepatic enzyme activities of juvenile large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea. Six isonitrogenous (45% crude protein) and isoenergetic (18 kJ/g gross energy) diets with varying CHO : L ratios (0.07, 0.48, 1.20, 2.19, 4.81, and 10.48) were fed to triplicate groups of large yellow croaker in floating sea cages. Results showed that the highest specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed diets with CHO : L ratio of 2.19. Fish fed the lower (0.07 and 0.48) CHO : L ratios tended to produce lower growth (P < 0.05). The whole‐body lipid content significantly decreased, while hepatosomatic index, liver glycogen content, and plasma glucose concentration significantly increased as dietary CHO : L ratios increased (P < 0.05). Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased with elevated dietary CHO : L ratios (P < 0.05). The increasing dietary CHO : L ratios significantly stimulated the activities of intestinal amylase and hepatic pyruvate kinase and depressed the activity of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (P < 0.05). Based on a second‐order polynomial regression analysis of SGR, 2.38 was determined as the optimal dietary CHO : L ratio for juvenile large yellow croaker.
Cystatin C estimated glomerular filtration rate and all‐cause and cardiovascular disease mortality risk in the general population: AusDiab study
Authors: Barr Elizabeth LM , Reutens Anne , Magliano Dianna J , Wolfe Rory , Lu Zhong X , Sikaris Ken A , Tanamas Stephanie K , Atkins Robert , Chadban Steve , Shaw Jonathan E , Polkinghorne Kevan R 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsUncertainties about the role of cystatin C‐based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the prediction of cardiovascular disease (CVD) beyond traditional CVD risk factors remain. We assessed contributions of eGFR to CVD and mortality in the general population.MethodsUsing 14 year follow‐up data on 9353 adults without a reported history of CVD from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle study, we assessed the contributions of eGFR (assessed by cystatin C (eGFRcysC) and serum creatinine (eGFRcr) and albuminuria (uACR) to total and CVD mortality.ResultsAfter adjusting for age, sex, CVD risk factors and uACR, compared with an eGFRcysC>90 mL/min per 1.73 m2, eGFRcysC<60 mL/min per 1.73 m2was associated with 56% and 73% increases in the risks for all‐cause and CVD mortality, respectively. The respective changes for the c‐statistic when eGFRcysCwas added to a risk prediction model were 0.003 (95% confidence interval: 0.001 to 0.005) and 0.002 (95% confidence interval: −0.001 to 0.006). The net proportion of non‐events assigned a lower‐risk category significantly improved with the addition of eGFR (non‐event net reclassification index eGFRcr: 1.0% and eGFRcysC: 1.5%) for all‐cause mortality, but for CVD mortality, improvements were only significant when eGFR was combined with uACR. The net proportion of events assigned a higher‐risk category was not significantly improved.ConclusionIn our community‐based cohort, reduced eGFRcysCwas associated with all‐cause and CVD mortality. The addition of chronic kidney disease measures to risk prediction models improved overall risk stratification among those at low risk as opposed to those at high baseline risk of mortality.
Current practice in mandibular third molar surgery. A national survey of British Association of Oral Surgeons membership
Authors: Devine M. , Gerrard G. , Renton T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this survey was to evaluate current practice in mandibular third molar (M3M) surgery within the British Association of Oral Surgeons (BAOS) membership against current evidence and relevant guidelines.MethodAn online questionnaire survey was active from March to June 2015.ResultsA total of 250 BAOS members (48%) responded to the survey. About 52% were registered Oral Surgery specialists. Exactly, 36% stated that M3M surgery comprised 50–75% and 17% stated that M3M surgery comprised over 75% of their workload. About 73% would recommend coronectomy for high‐risk M3Ms; however, 53% had difficulty in accessing cone beam CT (CBCT) scanning. Most practitioners undertook a two‐stage written consent informing patients of the possibility of numbness, altered sensation or pain as a result of inferior alveolar or lingual nerve injury; however, there were significant variations in how this was communicated. Most surgeons operated mainly under local anaesthesia, using a triangular buccal flap access; 27% routinely used lingual retraction. Buccal and distal bone removal followed by sectioning of the tooth was the most common approach, although 1% routinely used the lingual split technique. Over the last 5 years, each responder reported an average of 2 temporary and 0.4 permanent inferior alveolar nerve injuries (IANI), 1 temporary and 0.1 permanent lingual nerve injuries (LNI).ConclusionThis survey has highlighted the lack of access to CBCT scanning and the differences in approach to consent and surgical technique. The reported rates of nerve injury caused by M3M surgery were low; however, this may be due to a lack of post‐operative follow up.