bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Domains of Quality-of-Life with Vulnerable Young People in Bogotá: A Capability Approach Perspective
Authors: Bucheli Juan Fernando 
Published: September 2024

AbstractYoung adults aged 18–28 represent a pivotal demographic whose experiences of inequality significantly shape their life trajectories in cities. Despite their potential for innovation and social advancement, public agendas often marginalize their needs and aspirations. This paper explores urban inequality among young adults by examining how they define and value different aspects of their daily lives when urban inequality is at play. Drawing on focus group discussions in two socioeconomically segregated urban districts in Bogotá, this paper employs the capability approach to construct a comprehensive list of 15 capability domains that young adults use to define and value their daily experiences. The paper adds to the existing literature a detail a step-by-step process involving the identification, selection, and ranking of relevant capabilities, with young adults actively engaged in value judgements through a deliberative process of public reasoning. Findings reveal that quality-of-life domains for young adults extend beyond traditional youth policy sectors, encompassing political participation, public space and mobility, social norms, and independence. The results not only expand the scope of existing youth agendas but also align with demands expressed during recent social unrest in Colombia and the region, where young adults have played a central and vocal role.
Development of Material Sensors Made of Metastable Austenitic Stainless Steel for Load Monitoring
Authors: Gansel René , Heinrich Christian , Lohrengel Armin , Maier Hans Jürgen , Barton Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMetastable stainless steels can be used as a load-sensitive sensor. In combination with an eddy current testing system, mechanical overloads of a component can be detected directly during operation. Material sensors were prepared by shot peening fatigue specimen of metastable austenitic steel to obtain a martensitic surface layer and a local heating by a laser beam to obtain an austenitic area in the layer. In order to investigate the response of the material sensor to overload and achieve different trigger thresholds, the thermal energy applied to create the sensor material and the geometry of the material sensors were varied. It is shown that the austenitized volume and the martensite fraction in the material sensor correlate with the phase of the eddy current signals. Starting from the martensitic surface layer, the phase decreases as the austenitized volume increases. If martensite formation takes place due to an overload, the phase increases as a result. To determine the threshold stress needed to trigger the material sensor, cyclic rotating bending tests were carried out on austenitic stainless steel 1.4301 (AISI 304). In step tests, the bending stress was gradually increased and subsequently ex-situ eddy current testing was carried out. The potential for predicting and classifying an overload is significantly greater with a higher applied thermal energy. Three different sensor geometries (rhombus, cross and ring) were employed in tests. In comparison, the rhombus-shaped material sensor provided the greatest potential for load history interpretation due to the significant phase change.
Investigation of End-of-Life Chrome-Magnesia Refractories Using X-Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Pankka Iida , Ahmed Muhammad Saboor , Tammela Joonas , Taskinen Pekka , Lindberg Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe lifespan of refractory linings is a major industrial concern for safety, on-line availability, and financial reasons. In copper smelting, batchwise operating matte converters are the furnaces that pose the greatest challenge when it comes to refractory wear and lining life. In this work, the structure and morphology of used magnesia–chrome bricks were studied using X-ray computed tomography and mineralogical techniques. The bricks were taken from various locations of an end-of-life brick lining of an industrial Peirce–Smith converter, after a normal campaign at Boliden Harjavalta smelter (Finland). The results show that it is possible to visualize in 3D, e.g., porosity, metal-containing phases, and refractory magnesia in the used bricks. Different digital images, such as cross-sections and average volume fractions, were used as a non-destructive method to characterize the bricks’ internal structure. The metal/matte infiltration in the open porosity was found to differ based on the location in the converter, with some bricks having no metal/matte infiltration and the tuyere line showing metal/matte infiltration at a depth of about 100 mm from the hot face.
Urethroplasty- a single centre single surgeon experience
Authors: McNicholas Daniel Peter , Taylor Alexander , Baird Andrew D. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Male urethral stricture affects 100 in 100,000 men. These are investigated using uroflowmetry, retrograde urethrography and cystourethroscopy. Management is usually endoscopic with urethral dilation or direct visual internal urethrotomy, although they have high failure rates. It is now recommended that urethroplasty is performed earlier. In this study we have reviewed a single surgeons experience with urethroplasty and patient outcomes.

Methods
We retrospectively reviewed a prospectively maintained database of all urethroplasty operations performed in our hospital over a 5 -year period.

Results
Forty-five patients were identified, with a mean age of 46. The most common presenting symptom was poor flow (100%). Uroflowmetry was performed in 31 of 45 patients(69%). More patients had a urethrogram (58%) than flexible cystoscopy (38%). Most strictures were idiopathic (67%). Mean stricture length was 2.6 cm. 71% did not require any further intervention. Five patients required repeat surgery. Four required DVIU and one required a repeat urethroplasty.

Discussion
The most popular techniques for urethroplasty in the UK are augmentation urethroplasty using a buccal mucosal graft and anastomotic urethroplasty, both of which we describe. There are variations in what is deemed as successful surgery. The most widely used definition is ‘the lack of need for any further operative intervention’. We have recently adopted Patient Reported Outcome Measures using a validated questionnaire to measure the patients perception of a successful outcome. Complex strictures have a higher incidence of complications. 42% of our cohort were complex and we describe results comparable to the published literature.
Using academic mathematical knowledge when working on interface tasks–analyses of pre-service teachers’ arguments about rotationally symmetric figures
Authors: Hoffmann Max , Biehler Rolf 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSpecial tasks for pre-service teachers (PSTs) in university mathematics courses (“interface tasks”) are a common innovation in recent years to overcome the second discontinuity. By this, we mean tasks that are situated by typical everyday challenges of mathematics teaching and in which PSTs must use their mathematical knowledge and skills in a professionally relevant way. In this paper, we analyze answers that PSTs have created to an interface task on symmetry. The PSTs were asked to clarify a student’s question from a mathematical perspective and then give a suitable elementarized answer. We situate these two steps theoretically and reconstruct the mathematical reasoning in PSTs' answers. Through qualitative content analysis, we examined how PSTs justify figures' symmetries from a university mathematics perspective and when responding to the fictitious student. The scenario of a student questioning the existence of 100° rotationally symmetrical figures elicited rich and varied responses, proving suitable for an interface task. We compared PSTs' reasoning related to mathematical clarification with the reasoning related to elementarization. In many cases, this revealed a productive use of course content. An interesting result is that there is no uniform picture as to whether the arguments are more detailed in the mathematical clarification or in the elementarization.
Application of random survival forest to establish a nomogram combining clinlabomics-score and clinical data for predicting brain metastasis in primary lung cancer
Authors: Shi Zhongxiang , Chen Yixin , Liu Aoyu , Zeng Jingya , Xie Wanlin , Lin Xin , Cheng Yangyang , Xu Huimin , Zhou Jialing , Gao Shan , Feng Chunyuan , Zhang Hongxia , Sun Yihua 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To establish a nomogram for predicting brain metastasis (BM) in primary lung cancer at 12, 18, and 24 months after initial diagnosis.

Methods
In this study, we included 428 patients who were diagnosed with primary lung cancer at Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital between January 2020 and January 2022. The endpoint event was BM. The patients were randomly categorized into two groups in a 7:3 ratio: training (n = 299) and validation (n = 129) sets. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator was utilized to analyze the laboratory test results in the training set. Furthermore, clinlabomics-score was determined using regression coefficients. Then, clinlabomics-score was combined with clinical data to construct a nomogram using random survival forest (RSF) and Cox multivariate regression. Then, various methods were used to evaluate the performance of the nomogram.

Results
Five independent predictive factors (pathological type, diameter, lymph node metastasis, non-lymph node metastasis and clinlabomics-score) were used to construct the nomogram. In the validation set, the bootstrap C-index was 0.7672 (95% CI 0.7092–0.8037), 12-month AUC was 0.787 (95% CI 0.708–0.865), 18-month AUC was 0.809 (95% CI 0.735–0.884), and 24-month AUC was 0.858 (95% CI 0.792–0.924). In addition, the calibration curve, decision curve analysis and Kaplan–Meier curves revealed a good performance of the nomogram.

Conclusions
Finally, we constructed and validated a nomogram to predict BM risk in primary lung cancer. Our nomogram can identify patients at high risk of BM and provide a reference for clinical decision-making at different disease time points.
Understanding involvement in environmental activism: relationships to pathological narcissistic grandiosity, virtue signaling, dominance, and sensation seeking
Authors: Krispenz Ann , Bertrams Alex 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn a pre-registered study, we sought initial evidence for the relationship between pathological narcissistic grandiosity and involvement in environmental activism. This relationship was predicted based on the dark-ego-vehicle principle (DEVP) for which research is currently still rare. Using a socio-demographically diverse US sample (N = 1,145), we not only aimed at conceptually replicating previous findings on the DEVP but also at examining differential patterns of narcissistic engagement in environmental activism. In particular, we expected higher pathological narcissistic grandiosity to be more strongly related to greater engagement in environmental leadership actions than to greater engagement in environmental participatory actions. Results support the validity of the DEVP by showing that higher pathological narcissistic grandiosity was related to greater involvement in environmental activism, even above and beyond relevant covariates (i.e., pathological narcissistic vulnerability, age, and gender). Also, we found positive relationships between involvement in environmental activism and typical correlates of pathological narcissistic grandiosity (i.e., virtue signaling, dominance, and sensation seeking). Contrary to our predictions, we did not find the relationship between pathological narcissistic grandiosity and environmental activism to be more intense for environmental leadership actions compared to environmental participatory actions. These results are discussed considering the DEVP.
Multi-method dating reveals 200 ka of Middle Palaeolithic occupation at Maras rock shelter, Rhône Valley, France
Authors: Richard Maïlys , del Val Miren , Fewlass Helen , Sinet-Mathiot Virginie , Lanos Philippe , Pons-Branchu Edwige , Puaud Simon , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Moncel Marie-Hélène 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe emergence of the Middle Palaeolithic, and its variability over time and space are key questions in the field of prehistoric archaeology. Many sites have been documented in the south-eastern margins of the Massif central and the middle Rhône valley, a migration path that connects Northern Europe with the Mediterranean. Well-dated, long stratigraphic sequences are essential to understand Neanderthals dynamics and demise, and potential interactions with Homo sapiens in the area, such as the one displayed at the Maras rock shelter (“Abri du Maras”). The site is characterised by exceptional preservation of archaeological remains, including bones dated using radiocarbon (14C) and teeth using electron spin resonance combined with uranium series (ESR/U-series). Optically stimulated luminescence was used to date the sedimentary deposits. By combining the new ages with previous ones using Bayesian modelling, we are able to clarify the occupation time over a period spanning 200,000 years. Between ca. 250 and 40 ka, the site has been used as a long-term residence by Neanderthals, specifically during three interglacial periods: first during marine isotopic stage (MIS) 7, between 247 ± 34 and 223 ± 33 ka, and then recurrently during MIS 5 (between 127 ± 17 and 90 ± 9 ka) and MIS 3 (up to 39,280 cal BP).
Induction and maintenance of mucosal healing in Crohn’s disease with ustekinumab in clinical practice across all care levels in Germany (MUCUS)
Authors: Baumgart Daniel C. , Stallmach Andreas , Grunert Philip , Schubert Stefan , Howaldt Stefanie , von Arnim Ulrike , Ochsenkühn Thomas , Stein Jürgen , Lügering Andreas , Schmidt Daniel , Schulz Marten , Fischer Andreas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe impact of ustekinumab (UST) on mucosal- and fistula healing and extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) in Crohn’s disease (CD) were not fully elucidated in the registration trials. In this prospective, multicenter study (EudraCT number: 2017-005151-83) we evaluated the German label real-world-effectiveness of UST to achieve the primary endpoint of combined clinical and endoscopic response at week 52 and several secondary endpoints. Of 79 screened we enrolled 52 patients (female n = 28, bionaïve n = 13, biologic n = 39). At week 52 (per protocol analysis), 52% (n = 13/25) of patients achieved the primary endpoint [50% (n = 3/6) in the bionaïve, 45.5% (n = 5/11) biologic, 62.5% (n = 5/8 ) multiple biologics cohorts, respectively with age as independent predictor [OR 95% CI 0.933 (0.873, 0.998) p = 0.043], 60% (n = 15/25) achieved endoscopic response [50% (n = 3/6) in the bionaïve, 54.5% (n = 6/11) biologic, 75% (n = 6/8) multiple biologics cohorts, respectively], 36% (n = 9/25) achieved endoscopic remission [50% (n = 3/6) in the bionaïve, 27.3% (n = 3/11) biologic, 37.5% (n = 3/8) multiple biologics cohorts, respectively], 48% (n = 12/25) achieved mucosal healing [50% (n = 3/6) in the bionaïve, 36.4% (n = 4/11) biologic, 62.5% (n = 5/8) multiple biologics cohorts, respectively]. All achieved a fistula response and 33.3% (n = 1/3) in the multiple biologics group fistula remission at week 52. EIM decreased (week 0 28.2% vs. week 52 8%). CRP, FCP, PRO-2, EQ-5D-5L improved throughout. 36 patients (69.2%) experienced ≥ 1 treatment emergent adverse event, in 8 (15.4%) cases rated as severe and in 5 (9.6%) leading to UST discontinuation, but no very severe events or deaths. The effectiveness of UST was better than in the registration trials.
Increasing extreme precipitation variability plays a key role in future record-shattering event probability
Authors: de Vries Iris , Sippel Sebastian , Zeder Joel , Fischer Erich , Knutti Reto 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate events that break records by large margins are a threat to society and ecosystems. Climate change is expected to increase the probability of such events, but quantifying these probabilities is challenging due to natural variability and limited data availability, especially for observations and very rare extremes. Here we estimate the probability of precipitation events that shatter records by a margin of at least one pre-industrial standard deviation. Using large ensemble climate simulations and extreme value theory, we determine empirical and analytical record shattering probabilities and find they are in high agreement. We show that, particularly in high emission scenarios, models project much higher record-shattering precipitation probabilities in a changing relative to a stationary climate by the end of the century for almost all the global land, with the strongest increases in vulnerable regions in the tropics. We demonstrate that increasing variability is an essential driver of near-term increases in record-shattering precipitation probability, and present a framework that quantifies the influence of combined trends in mean and variability on record-shattering behaviour in extreme precipitation. Probability estimates of record-shattering precipitation events in a warming world are crucial to inform risk assessment and adaptation policies.
Multidisciplinary approaches in electronic nicotine delivery systems pulmonary toxicology: emergence of living and non-living bioinspired engineered systems
Authors: Benam Kambez H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTechnology-based platforms offer crucial support for regulatory agencies in overseeing tobacco products to enhance public health protection. The use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), such as electronic cigarettes, has surged exponentially over the past decade. However, the understanding of the impact of ENDS on lung health remains incomplete due to scarcity of physiologically relevant technologies for evaluating their toxicity. This review examines the societal and public health impacts of ENDS, prevalent preclinical approaches in pulmonary space, and the application of emerging Organ-on-Chip technologies and bioinspired robotics for assessing ENDS respiratory toxicity. It highlights challenges in ENDS inhalation toxicology and the value of multidisciplinary bioengineering approaches for generating reliable, human-relevant regulatory data at an accelerated pace.
SRL‐ProtoNet: Self‐supervised representation learning for few‐shot remote sensing scene classification
Authors: Liu Bing , Zhao Hongwei , Li Jiao , Gao Yansheng , Zhang Jianrong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUsing a deep learning method to classify a large amount of labelled remote sensing scene data produces good performance. However, it is challenging for deep learning based methods to generalise to classification tasks with limited data. Few‐shot learning allows neural networks to classify unseen categories when confronted with a handful of labelled data. Currently, episodic tasks based on meta‐learning can effectively complete few‐shot classification, and training an encoder that can conduct representation learning has become an important component of few‐shot learning. An end‐to‐end few‐shot remote sensing scene classification model based on ProtoNet and self‐supervised learning is proposed. The authors design the Pre‐prototype for a more discrete feature space and better integration with self‐supervised learning, and also propose the ProtoMixer for higher quality prototypes with a global receptive field. The authors’ method outperforms the existing state‐of‐the‐art self‐supervised based methods on three widely used benchmark datasets: UC‐Merced, NWPU‐RESISC45, and AID. Compare with previous state‐of‐the‐art performance. For the one‐shot setting, this method improves by 1.21%, 2.36%, and 0.84% in AID, UC‐Merced, and NWPU‐RESISC45, respectively. For the five‐shot setting, this method surpasses by 0.85%, 2.79%, and 0.74% in the AID, UC‐Merced, and NWPU‐RESISC45, respectively.
Optimizing traffic signal control for continuous‐flow intersections: Benchmarking against a state‐of‐practice model
Authors: Hu Yining , Rey David , Mohajerpoor Reza , Saberi Meead 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContinuous‐flow intersections (CFI), also known as displaced left‐turn (DLT) intersections, aim to improve the efficiency and safety of traffic junctions. A CFI introduces additional cross‐over intersections upstream of the main intersection to split the left‐turn flow from the through movement before it arrives at the main intersection which decreases the number of conflict points between left‐turn and through movements. This study develops and examine a two‐step optimization model for CFI traffic signal control design and demonstrates its performance across more than 300 different travel demand scenarios. The proposed model is compared against a state‐of‐practice CFI signal control model as a benchmark. Microsimulation results suggest that the proposed model reduces average delay by 17% and average queue length by 32% for a full CFI compared with the benchmark signal control model.
Wind energy system fault classification using deep CNN and improved PSO‐tuned extreme gradient boosting
Authors: Lee Chun‐Yao , Maceren Edu Daryl C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntelligent fault diagnosis for wind energy systems requires identifying unique characteristics to differentiate various fault types effectively, even when data discrepancy occurs due to the unpredictable and dynamic nature of its environment. This article addresses some of the challenges of fault classification in wind energy systems by proposing an integrated approach that combines deep learning features with a resampled supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) dataset. The methodology involves resampling the imbalanced SCADA dataset using synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) and near‐miss undersampling techniques, extracting deep learning features using deep convolutional neural network, and feeding them into an XGBoost (extreme gradient boosting) classifier with tuned parameters using adaptive elite‐particle swarm optimization (AEPSO). The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through validation conducted on a different imbalanced dataset showing superior performance metrics in terms of accuracy. Additionally, the study contributes to methodological advancements in wind turbine fault diagnosis by providing a rigorous framework for fault classification. It is confirmed that utilizing the extracted deep learning features into the resampled data can significantly affect the classification performance metrics. Furthermore, the proposed integrated approach shows significance for fault diagnosis enhancement in wind energy systems and advancing the field towards more efficient and reliable operation.