bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Positive and normative modeling for Palmer amaranth control and herbicide resistance management
Authors: Frisvold George B , Bagavathiannan Muthukumar V , Norsworthy Jason K 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDDynamic optimization models are normative; they solve for what growers ‘ought to do’ to maximize some objective, such as long‐run profits. While valuable for research, such models are difficult to solve computationally, limiting their applicability to grower resistance management education. While discussing properties of normative models in general, this study presents results of a specific positive model of herbicide resistance management, applied to Palmer amaranth control on a representative cotton farm. This positive model compares a proactive resistance management strategy to a reactive strategy with lower short‐run costs, but greater risk of herbicide resistance developing.RESULTSThe proactive strategy can pay for itself within 1–4 years, with a yield advantage of 4% or less if the yield advantage begins within 1–2 years of adoption. Whether the proactive strategy is preferable is sensitive to resistance onset and yield losses, but less sensitive to cotton prices or baseline yields. Industry rebates to encourage residual herbicide use (to delay resistance to post‐emergence treatments) may be too small to alter grower behavior or they may be paid to growers who would have used residuals anyway. Rebates change grower behavior over a relatively narrow range of model parameters. The size of rebates needed to induce a grower to adopt the proactive strategy declines significantly if growers extend their planning horizon from 1 year to 3–4 years.CONCLUSIONSWhether proactive resistance management is more profitable than a reactive strategy is more sensitive to biological parameters than economic ones. Simulation results suggest growers with longer time horizons (perhaps younger ones) would be more responsive to rebate programs. More empirical work is needed to determine how much rebates increase residual use above what would occur without them. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Secondary Biology Textbooks and National Standards for English Learners
Authors: SMITH LEIGH K. , HANKS JOSEPH H. , ERICKSON LYNNETTE B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTGiven secondary teachers’ dependence on textbooks for curricular and instructional guidance, the challenges introduced by increasingly diverse classrooms in the United States, and national efforts to provide equitable access to science for all students, this study examined the alignment between three popular high school biology textbooks and the tenets of four national standards. The standards, Benchmarks for Science Literacy (the national science content standards when the textbooks were published), The CREDE Five Standards for Effective Pedagogy and Learning, World‐Class Instructional Design and Assessment (WIDA) English Language Proficiency Standards, and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study Standards (TIMSS), were chosen as representative of nationally accepted ways of meeting the discipline‐specific content, pedagogical, linguistic, and cognitive needs of English learners (ELs). Descriptive content analysis revealed that the instructional helps (textual tools) found in all three textbooks had some level of alignment with all four standards. However, not all chapters or instructional units included explicit recommendations for teaching ELs, and the overall alignment ranged from low to moderate across textbooks. Equally concerning was that many important instructional recommendations from the standards, particularly those designed to develop and challenge student thinking, were implicit or completely absent. Implications for textbook publishers, textbook adoption committees, teachers, and teacher educators are discussed.
Brief Report: Proteasomal Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Degradation Reduces the Immunosuppressive Potential of Clinical Grade-Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Undergoing Replicative Senescence
Authors: Loisel Séverine , Dulong Joëlle , Ménard Cédric , Renoud Marie-Laure , Meziere Nadine , Isabelle Bezier , Latour Maëlle , Bescher Nadège , Pedeux Rémy , Bertheuil Nicolas , Flecher Erwan , Sensebé Luc , Tarte Karin 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Owing to their immunosuppressive properties, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) obtained from bone marrow (BM-MSCs) or adipose tissue (ASCs) are considered a promising tool for cell therapy. However, important issues should be considered to ensure the reproducible production of efficient and safe clinical-grade MSCs. In particular, high expansion rate, associated with progressive senescence, was recently proposed as one of the parameters that could alter MSC functionality. In this study, we directly address the consequences of replicative senescence on BM-MSC and ASC immunomodulatory properties. We demonstrate that MSCs produced according to GMP procedures inhibit less efficiently T-cell, but not Natural Killer (NK)- and B-cell, proliferation after reaching senescence. Senescence-related loss-of-function is associated with a decreased indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in response to inflammatory stimuli. In particular, although STAT-1-dependent IDO expression is transcriptionally induced at a similar level in senescent and nonsenescent MSCs, IDO protein is specifically degraded by the proteasome in senescent ASCs and BM-MSCs, a process that could be reversed by the MG132 proteasome inhibitor. These data encourage the use of appropriate quality controls focusing on immunosuppressive mechanisms before translating clinical-grade MSCs in the clinic.
Birkhoff style calculi for hybrid logics
Authors: Găină Daniel 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

We develop an abstract proof calculus for hybrid logics whose sentences are (
hybrid
)
Horn clauses
, and we prove a
Birkhoff completeness
theorem for hybrid logics in the general setting provided by the
institution theory
. This result is then applied to particular cases of hybrid logics with user-defined sharing, where the first-order variables in quantified sentences are interpreted uniformly across worlds.
Remote Video Auditing in the Surgical Setting
Authors: Pedersen Anne , Getty Ritter Elizabeth , Beaton Megan , Gibbons David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRemote video auditing, a method first adopted by the food preparation industry, was later introduced to the health care industry as a novel approach to improving hand hygiene practices. This strategy yielded tremendous and sustained improvement, causing leaders to consider the potential effects of such technology on the complex surgical environment. This article outlines the implementation of remote video auditing and the first year of activity, outcomes, and measurable successes in a busy surgery department in the eastern United States. A team of anesthesia care providers, surgeons, and OR personnel used low‐resolution cameras, large‐screen displays, and cell phone alerts to make significant progress in three domains: application of the Universal Protocol for preventing wrong site, wrong procedure, wrong person surgery; efficiency metrics; and cleaning compliance. The use of cameras with real‐time auditing and results‐sharing created an environment of continuous learning, compliance, and synergy, which has resulted in a safer, cleaner, and more efficient OR.
Discovering the Unexpected in Astronomical Survey Data
Authors: Norris Ray P. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMost major discoveries in astronomy are unplanned, and result from surveying the Universe in a new way, rather than by testing a hypothesis or conducting an investigation with planned outcomes. For example, of the ten greatest discoveries made by the Hubble Space Telescope, only one was listed in its key science goals. So a telescope that merely achieves its stated science goals is not achieving its potential scientific productivity.Several next-generation astronomical survey telescopes are currently being designed and constructed that will significantly expand the volume of observational parameter space, and should in principle discover unexpected new phenomena and new types of object. However, the complexity of the telescopes and the large data volumes mean that these discoveries are unlikely to be found by chance. Therefore, it is necessary to plan explicitly for unexpected discoveries in the design and construction. Two types of discovery are recognised: unexpected objects and unexpected phenomena.This paper argues that next-generation astronomical surveys require an explicit process for detecting the unexpected, and proposes an implementation of this process. This implementation addresses both types of discovery, and relies heavily on machine-learning techniques, and also on theory-based simulations that encapsulate our current understanding of the Universe.
A framework for modeling human evolution
Authors: Gintis Herbert 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCulture-led gene-culture coevolution is a framework within which substantive explanations of human evolution must be located. It is not itself an explanation. Explanations depend on such concrete historical evolutionary factors such as the control of fire, collective child-rearing, lethal weapon technology, altruistic cooperation and punishment, and the mastery of complex collaboration protocols leading to an effective division of social labor.
Are there “local hotspots?” When concepts of cognitive psychology do not fit with physiological results
Authors: Gaucher Quentin , Edeline Jean-Marc 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMather and colleagues' arguments require rethinking at the mechanistic level. The arguments on the physiological effects of norepinephrine at the cortical level are inconsistent with large parts of the literature. There is no evidence that norepinephrine induces local “hotspots”: Norepinephrine mainly decreases evoked responses; facilitating effects are rare and not localized. More generally, the idea that perception benefits from “local hotspots” is hardly compatible with the fact that neural representations involve largely distributed activation of cortical and subcortical networks.
Not even wrong: The “it's just X” fallacy
Authors: Lupyan Gary 
Published: January 2017

AbstractI applaud Firestone & Scholl (F&S) in calling for more rigor. But, although F&S are correct that some published work on top-down effects suffers from confounds, their sweeping claim that there are no top-down effects on perception is premised on incorrect assumptions. F&S's thesis is wrong. Perception is richly and interestingly influenced by cognition.
Structural and ultrastructural description of larval development in Zungaro jahu
Authors: Marques Camila , Faustino Francine , Bertolucci Bruno , Paes Maria do Carmo Faria , Valentin Fernanda Nogueira , Nakaghi Laura Satiko Okada 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThe Zungaro jahu is an important large catfish of the order Siluriformes that is in danger of extinction due to habitat destruction. Studies on its biology are scarce and the majority relates only to nutrition or parasitology. In order to provide greater information on its morphology and aid husbandry and larviculture studies, the aim of this study was to characterize larval development in Z. jahu from hatching to total yolk absorption. Samples were collected at pre-established times, processed, stained, and analyzed under stereomicroscopy, light microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Total yolk absorption was observed by 60 hours post-hatching (hph) at 28.75 ± 0.59°C. The newly hatched larvae showed slightly pigmented body, the outline of the digestive tract, evident eyes, and the first swimming movements. Mouth opening took place at 12 hph and the connection between the oral cavity and the rudimentary intestine was observed at 24 hph. Were analyzed the main larval organs and systems: digestive organs, heart, gill arches, sensory system, thyroid, kidney, and swim bladder. As the larvae grew, these organs became more mature and functional. The development of the sensory and feeding structures was observed at the start of larval development, and thus before depletion of endogenous energy reserves, the strategy for this species is to increase its chances of survival in the environment.
Detecting sexual predators in chats using behavioral features and imbalanced learning
Authors: CARDEI CLAUDIA , REBEDEA TRAIAN 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a system developed for detecting sexual predators in online chat conversations using a two-stage classification and behavioral features. A sexual predator is defined as a person who tries to obtain sexual favors in a predatory manner, usually with underage people. The proposed approach uses several text categorization methods and empirical behavioral features developed especially for the task at hand. After investigating various approaches for solving the sexual predator identification problem, we have found that a two-stage classifier achieves the best results. In the first stage, we employ a Support Vector Machine classifier to distinguish conversations having suspicious content from safe online discussions. This is useful as most chat conversations in real life do not contain a sexual predator, therefore it can be viewed as a filtering phase that enables the actual detection of predators to be done only for suspicious chats that contain a sexual predator with a very high degree. In the second stage, we detect which of the users in a suspicious discussion is an actual predator using a Random Forest classifier. The system was tested on the corpus provided by the PAN 2012 workshop organizers and the results are encouraging because, as far as we know, our solution outperforms all previous approaches developed for solving this task.
Evaluation of the Bone-ligament and tendon insertions based on Raman spectrum and its PCA and CLS analysis
Authors: Wu Yang , Dong Yu , Jiang Jia , Li Haiqing , Zhu Tongming , Chen Shiyi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInjuries to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) and Rotator Cuff Tendon (RCT) are common in physically active and elderly individuals. The development of an artificial prosthesis for reconstruction/repair of ACL and RCT injuries is of increasing interest due to the need for viable tissue and reduced surgically-related co-morbidity. An optimal prosthesis design is still elusive, therefore an improved understanding of the bone-soft tissue interface is extremely urgent. In this work, Raman spectral mapping was used to analyze, at the micron level, the chemical composition and corresponding structure of the bone-soft tissue interface. Raman spectroscopic mapping was performed using a Raman spectrometer with a 785 nm laser coupled to a microscope. Line-mapping procedure was performed on the ACL and RCT bone insertion sites. The classical least squares (CLS) fitting model was created from reference spectra derived from pure bone and soft-tissue components, and spectral maps collected at multiple sites from ACL and RCT specimens. The results suggest that different source of interface shows different boundary, even they seems have the same components. Compared to the common histology results, it provided intact molecular information that can easily distinguished some relative component change.
Prevalence of kidney stones in mainland China: A systematic review
Authors: Wang Wenying , Fan Jingyuan , Huang Guifeng , Li Jun , Zhu Xi , Tian Ye , Su Li 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe data on the prevalence of kidney stones in mainland China are still lacking. We performed the present meta-analysis to assess the stone prevalence in mainland China from 1990 through 2016. A total of 18 articles were included. The pooled overall prevalence was 7.54% (95% CI, 5.94–9.15). The prevalence in age groups of <20 years, 20–29 years, 30–39 years, 40–49 years, 50–59 years, and 60 years and older was 0.27%, 3.15%, 5.96%, 8.18%, 9.14%, and 9.68%, respectively, showing that it increased with age. Moreover, the prevalence was 10.34% in males and 6.62% in females, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.63 [95% CI: 1.51–1.76], indicating that males are more likely to suffer from this disease than females. However, urban areas (6.03%, 95% CI: 3.39–8.68) and rural areas (7.48%, 95% CI: 3.39–11.57) did not differ in the stone prevalence rate (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.42–1.68). The prevalence in the year groups of 1991–2000, 2001–2010, and 2011 to date was 5.95%, 8.86%, and 10.63%, respectively, which indicated an increasing trend. Further high-quality surveys throughout mainland China are needed to confirm these findings.
The fibrogenic actions of lung fibroblast-derived urokinase: a potential drug target in IPF
Authors: Schuliga Michael , Jaffar Jade , Harris Trudi , Knight Darryl A , Westall Glen , Stewart Alastair G 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe role of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains unclear. uPA-generated plasmin has potent fibrogenic actions involving protease activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Here we characterize uPA distribution or levels in lung tissue and sera from IPF patients to establish the mechanism of its fibrogenic actions on lung fibroblasts (LFs). uPA immunoreactivity was detected in regions of fibrosis including fibroblasts of lung tissue from IPF patients (n = 7). Serum uPA levels and activity were also higher in IPF patients (n = 18) than controls (n = 18) (P < 0.05), being negatively correlated with lung function as measured by forced vital capacity (FVC) %predicted (P < 0.05). The culture supernatants of LFs from IPF patients, as compared to controls, showed an increase in plasmin activity after plasminogen incubation (5–15 μg/mL), corresponding with increased levels of uPA and IL-6 (n = 5–6, P < 0.05). Plasminogen-induced increases in plasmin activity and IL-6 levels were attenuated by reducing uPA and/or PAR-1 expression by RNAi. Plasmin(ogen)-induced mitogenesis was also attenuated by targeting uPA, PAR-1 or IL-6. Our data shows uPA is formed in active regions of fibrosis in IPF lung and contributes to LF plasmin generation, IL-6 production and proliferation. Urokinase is a potential target for the treatment of lung fibrosis.
Large variation of magnetic properties of amorphous Fe–Zr thin films with Ar pressure during sputtering
Authors: Kim Miri , Sung Nark-Eon , Lim Sang Ho 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA large change is observed in the magnetic properties of amorphous Fe–Zr thin films sputtered at different Ar pressures. The change depends on the composition of the alloys and at compositions near 60 at.% Fe, for example, the magnetisation measured at 10 kOe increases 30-fold with an increase in the Ar pressure from 2 to 10 mTorr. The magnetic properties are well explained by a combination of two phenomena—superparamagnetism and spin glass behaviours—and the large change is partly related to the number density of a magnetically correlated region. Examinations of the microstructure by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy reveal no appreciable difference in it as a function of the Ar pressure. This indicates that even a very slight change in the microstructure can greatly affect the magnetic properties of amorphous Fe–Zr thin films, thereby opening up the possibility of employing the magnetic properties of amorphous alloys for the characterisation of amorphous microstructures.
Peak velocity and its time limit are as good as the velocity associated with VO2max for training prescription in runners
Authors: Manoel Francisco , da Silva Danilo , Lima Jorge , Machado Fabiana 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis study compared the effects of 4 weeks of training prescribed by peak velocity (Vpeak) or velocity associated with maximum oxygen uptake (vVO2max) in moderately trained endurance runners. Study participants were 14 runners (18–35 years) randomized into 2 groups, named group VO2 (GVO2) and group Vpeak (GVP). The GVO2 had training prescribed by vVO2max and its time limit (tlim), whereas the GVP had training prescribed by Vpeak and its tlim. Four tests were performed on a treadmill: 2 maximum incremental for Vpeak and vVO2max and 2 for their tlim. Performance (10 km) was evaluated on a 400 m track. Evaluations were repeated after 4 weeks of endurance training. The results showed a significant effect of training on Vpeak [GVP (16.7±1.2–17.6±1.5 km.h−1), GVO2 (17.1±1.9–17.7±1.6 km·h−1)]; vVO2max [GVP (16.4±1.4–17.0±1.3 km·h−1), GVO2 (17.2±1.7–17.5±1.9 km·h−1)]; and 10 km performance [GVP (41.3±2.4–39.9±2.7 min), GVO2 (40.1±3.4–39.2±2.9 min)]. The Vpeak highly correlated with performance in both pre- and post-training in GVP (–0.97;–0.86) and GVO2 (–0.95;–0.94), as well as with vVO2max in GVP (–0.82;–0.88) and GVO2 (–0.99; –0.98). It is concluded that training prescribed by Vpeak promoted similar improvements compared to training prescribed by vVO2max. The use of Vpeak is recommended due to its practical application and the low cost of determination.
Calorimetric Measurements of Carbon and A-150 Plastic Kerma Factors for 14.6 MeV Neutrons
Authors: McDonald J.C. , Cummings F.M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Two identical spherical calorimeters, one constructed of carbon (graphite) and the other of A-150 plastic, were used to measure kerma while activation foils of aluminium and gold were used to measure neutron fluence. The calorimeters were constructed specifically for the purpose of measuring neutron kerma. The amount of extraneous material around the calorimeters was kept to a minimum in order to reduce the absorption and scattering of neutrons before they reached the cores of the calorimeters. Neutrons were produced by the rotating target neutron source (RTNS-II) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, using the d-T interaction. The detectors were placed at an angle of 45&lt;o with respect to the deuteron beam line, where the most probable neutron energy was computed to be 14.6 MeV. The effects of gamma rays and low energy neutron contamination were accounted for, along with the neutron absorption and scattering that occurred in the enclosure, jacket, and core of each calorimeter. The measured value of the kerma factor for carbon was found to be 1.8 ± 0.16 x 10-11 Gy.cm, about 10% lower than the calculated value.
Development of Thin Layer Ceramic TLD Chips
Authors: Hoffman J. , Tetzlaff W. , Hegland J. , Bloomsburg C. , Braunlich P. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Properties of novel inorganic and rugged TLD chips for personnel and environmental dosimetry are described. A configuration developed especially for laser heating consists of a thin layer of CaSO4:Tm or MgB4O7:Tm powder bonded to aluminium oxide substrates of 125 µm thickness. A version for conventional heating on a 250 µm substrate and the geometry of a 380 µm thick LiF chip is also available. A patented glass overcoat makes these elements insensitive to humidity and immersion in water. They withstand thousands of readout cycles up to 400 oC and can be deep annealed to 600 oC. Chips of reduced layer thickness for beta dosimetry exhibit energy independent TL responses from 147Pm to 90Sr energies.