bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kejadian Anemia pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sirajuddin Saifuddin , Masni Masni 
Published: May 2016

Anemia gizi besi masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dengan prevalensi pada anak 5 - 12 tahun sebesar 29% di Indonesia dan di Kota Makassar sebesar 37,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan (status kecacingan, status seng, kebiasaan sarapan pagi, pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme dan nonheme, pola konsumsi sumber makanan pelancar dan penghambat zat besi) terhadap kejadian anemia. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada bulan April – Juni 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang yang dilaksanakan pada siswa kelas 3 - 5 SD Negeri Cambaya Kecamatan Ujung Tanah Kota Makassar. Sampel sebanyak 120 siswa yang dipilih secara acak sederhana. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat dengan uji kai kuadrat dan multivariat dengan regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor determinan kejadian anemia adalah status kecacingan (nilai p = 0,007), kebiasaan sarapan pagi (nilai p = 0,002), pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme (nilai p = 0,004), dan pola konsumsi sumber makanan penghambat zat besi (nilai p = 0,016). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa pola konsumsi makanan sumber heme (OR = 5,09 dan 95% CI = 1,98 – 13,08) dan pola konsumsi sumber makanan penghambat zat besi (OR = 4,53 dan 95% CI = 1,65 – 12,43) adalah determinan utama kejadian anemia gizi. Anemia Incidence among Elementary School StudentsIron deficiacy anemia has been a public health problem with prevalence on 5 - 12 year old children worth 29% in Indonesia and 37.6% in Makassar. This study aimed to determine the determinant factors (worm status, zinc status, breakfast habit, consumption pattern of heme and nonheme source of food, consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor food) toward anemia incidence. The study used cross sectional design conducted in April - June 2014. The population was third to fifth grade students of Cambaya State Elementary School at Ujung Tanah District , Makassar City. Sample of 120 students were selected randomly. Data was analyzed using univariate, bivariate with chi-square test, and multivariate with logistic regression test. The results showed that the determinant factors of anemia incidence were wormy status (p value = 0.007), breakfast habits (p value = 0.002), consumption pattern of heme and non-heme source of food (p value = 0.004), and consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor (p value = 0.016). Multivariate analysis result showed that consumption pattern of heme (OR = 5.09 and 95% CI = 1.98 - 13.08) and consumption pattern of iron enhancer and inhibitor food (OR = 4.53 and 95% CI = 1. 65 - 12.43) was a major determinant of nutritional anemia.
Volumetric Analysis of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Peri-Implant Sulcus Fluid in Healthy and Diseased Sites: A Cross-Sectional Split-Mouth Pilot Study
Authors: Bevilacqua Lorenzo , De Biasi Matteo , Lorenzon Maria Giulia , Frattini Costanza , Angerame Daniele 
Published: May 2016

Background:Researchers have recently drawn attention to the analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peri-implant sulcus fluid (PISF) for the implementation of the diagnosis of periodontal and peri-implant disease. Nevertheless, the measurements of volume and biomarkers concentration can be critically biased when data collected from studies with parallel group design are compared, given the technical difficulties, methodological variables, as well as the variability of crevicular fluid characteristics among different individuals.Objective:The aim of the present study was to assess the GCF and PISF volumes in healthy and diseased sites belonging to the same patient.Method:Ten patients presenting a periodontally healthy tooth, a tooth with periodontitis, an implant with healthy peri-implant tissues and an implant with peri-implantitis were enrolled. Samples of GCF and PISF were collected from each site of interest and their volume measured with a Periotron 8000 device. Non-parametric statistical analysis was performed to test the significance of the differences in GCF and PISF volumes between i) sites of teeth and dental implants with the same condition of health or disease and ii) healthy and diseased sites of both teeth and dental implants subgroups. The correlation between probing pocket depth (PPD) and fluid production was also tested (p<0.05).Results:Healthy periodontal and peri-implant tissues produced comparable amounts of fluid that was significantly lower than in diseased sites (p<0.05). In the presence of diagnosed disease, the volumes of GCF and PISF were similar, too. The correlation between PPD and fluid production was significant only in healthy sites (PPD/GCF, ρ=0.890, p<0.001; PPD/PISF, ρ=0.810; p<0.005).Conclusion:The periodontal and peri-implant tissues behaved similarly in terms of fluid production in condition of both health and active disease.
Microscopic Study of Surface Microtopographic Characteristics of Dental Implants
Authors: Sezin M. , Croharé L. , Ibañez J.C. 
Published: May 2016

Objective:To determine and compare the micro topographic characteristics of dental implants submitted to different surface treatments, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).Materials and Methods:Implants were divided into 7 groups of 3 specimens each, according to the surface treatment used: group 1: Osseotite, BIOMET 3i; group 2: SLA surface, Institut Straumann AG; group 3: Oxalife surface, Tree-Oss implant; group 4: B&W implant surface; group 5: Q-implant surface; group 6: ML implant surface; group 7: RBM surface, Rosterdent implant. The surfaces were examined under SEM (Carl Zeiss FE-SEM-SIGMA). Image Proplus software was used to determine the number and mean diameter of pores per area unit (mm). The data obtained were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. A confocal laser microscope (LEXT-OLS4100 Olympus) was used to conduct the comparative study of surface roughness (Ra). Data were analyzed using Tukey's HSD test.Results:The largest average pore diameter calculated in microns was found in group 5 (3.45 µm+/-1.91) while the smallest in group 7 (1.47µm+/-1.29). Significant differences were observed among each one of the groups studied (p<0.05). The largest number of pores/mm2was found in group 2 (229343) and the smallest number in group 4 (10937). Group 2 showed significant differences regarding the other groups (p<0.05). The greatest roughness (Ra) was observed in group 2 (0.975µm+/-0.115) and the smallest in group 4 (0.304µm+/-0.063). Group 2 was significantly different from the other groups (p<0.05).Conclusion:The micro topography observed in the different groups presented dissimilar and specific features, depending on the chemical treatment used for the surfaces..
Characterizing Carbonate Reservoirs through Sequence Stratigraphy and Seismic Attributes Analysis: An Example from the Miocene Carbonate of Central Luconia Province, Offshore Sarawak
Authors: Kob Mohd Razali Che , Ali Mohammad Yamin , Idris Mohd Faizal 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
The growth architecture, faulting and karstifications of the Miocene carbonate build-up in Central Luconia Province, offshore Sarawak, Malaysia were studied using an integrated 3D seismic and calibrated with core and well-logs. A high resolution well-to-seismic tie was obtained through the application of climate stratigraphic approach. This calibrated 3D seismic data were then analyzed using sequence stratigraphy and seismic attributes analyses. The RMS (Root Mean Square) attribute displays the best build-up morphology image that distinctively disseminates zones withinbuildup and interbuildup areas. Spectacular arrays of facies heterogeneities across the buildup were also observed. The facies range from back reef lagoonal and reef front to off-reef facies. The calibrated seismic facies analysis reveals the association of the reservoirs with the mounded reefal and progradational facies. Evidence for porosity and permeability enhancements through karstification was also observed. The extraction of seismic attributes at different stratigraphic levels of the buildup shows progressive growth architecture of the build-up from Early Miocene to Late Miocene. The carbonates were accumulated in two major sequences. The initial growth corresponded to a major sea level rise in the Early to Middle Miocene. The build-up was then subaerially and repeatedly exposed, and finally drowns during a major sea level rise at the beginning of the Pliocene. Generally, three main factors controlled the growth and the architecture of the buildups; tectonics, relative sea level changes and also the paleowind direction.
Challenges and Strategies in Exploring and Developing Carbonate Reefs in Southeast Asian Basins
Authors: Ali Mohammad Yamin 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
The Miocene carbonates have trapped a significant hydrocarbon reserve in several basins in Southeast Asia. However, the industry has been continuously facing unique challenges in exploring and developing this play type due to complex depositional history and reservoir heterogeneity resulting from drustic vertical and lateral facies changes and extensive diagenesis. Although the reef development was controlled by eustacy, build-ups that were developed at the edge and marginal slope have completely different characteristics as compared to the one grew at the interior part of the stable platform as seen in the Central Luconia. Obviously, the build-ups located within the tectonically active areas such as in the Philippines would definitely display different morphological and architectural features and reservoir behaviours as they are strongly influenced by natural fractures. Moreover, some of these carbonates have undergone a complete porosity reversal due to extensive diagenesis while others have still followed the hydrodynamic trends depending on fluid dynamics of the basins. All these issues would determine the best possible options in doing exploration and development.
The correct strategies are critically important to overcome these challenges. In the past, facies zonation derived from modern carbonate analogues has long played a key role in reef plays. Currently, facies modeling and zonation are widely used in support of drilling on seismic attribute features that often guide field development. The need to understand carbonate heterogeneity encourages the development and application of a new depositional and diagenetic facies through detailed analysis of outcrops and modern sediments by modelling. Advances in geophysical methods provide more detailed views of the anatomy and internal architecture of the reefs. In the near future, the evolution of reef complexes is more dynamics that what has been thought. Platform segmentation episodes and coalescence can produce new patterns of reservoirs. Refinements in understanding reservoir heterogeneity are more at horizon levels. Mapping inter-well facies and physical properties are expected to create more value. Modelling at pore scale including pore network modeling and their relationship with seismic properties and carbonate rock physics will become necessity to further understand, better image, accurately model and optimize the exploration and development efforts of carbonate reefs.
HT Deep Horizontal Gas Drilling In Challenging Conditions.
Authors: Nasrummnallah Muhammad , Al Sharafi Mohamed Ahmed , Obame-Ondo Henri , AL Yaqoubi Ali , Heidari AliReza Karimpour , Faisal Syed Ali 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Reservoirs consisting of sandstone and conglomerates nature present the most challenging reservoirs in the fields of North Oman. The target formations are often very deep with elevated static bottomhole temperatures exceeding 157degC, and with severe potential risks associated with geo mechanical and drilling perspectives. Tectonic stresses, where principal horizontal stress greatly exceeds vertical and minimum horizontal stresses, are coupled with rock compressive strengths varying between 45,000 and 50,000 psi with medium abrasiveness. These factors, together with borehole instability, borehole break-out phenomena, problems with conventional steerable systems due to weight transfer using turbines as well as drill bit sticking, present particular challenges in these wells and require significant up-front engineering resources to be deployed.
Drilling in this reservoir is difficult and in the past several issues have occurred while using turbines & rotary bottom hole assemblies. Due to the nature of the formation, a mechanical sticking mechanism (probably caused by plastic deformation of the bore hole wall resulting in the formation clamping bits along the gauge section) commonly occurs during connections and also while performing toolface orientation operations. This sticking could also be caused by breakout cavings, when an attempt is made to pick up off bottom.
The time taken for the formation deformation would appear to be very short and probably occurs within seconds of new bore hole being cut i.e. fresh hole is made and the stresses caused by removal of rock by the bit are redistributed around the bore hole wall and increases the probability of sticking with the turbine assemblies.
Typically drilling proceeds as normal and when a connection is made or tool face orientation is being attempted, the first sign of a problem occurs when picking up off bottom. The driller will notice a slight over pull, before the bit actually moves off bottom. Further over pull confirms that the bit is stuck on bottom and that bit rotation can not be resumed. If the bit is coupled to a down hole drive then the ability to work torque into the bit is lost as the drill string can normally still be rotated around the drive shaft. Recovery from this situation has a low probability of success ratio. A significant factor is mud weight, including the impact of losing equivalent circulating density.
Mud weights required to keep the hole open can be quite high, resulting in very high overbalance. Lowering bottom hole pressure below hydrostatic pressure may cause bore hole instability. Hence, when circulating sweeps and pills or conducting operations where swabbing occurs, the amount of lost pressure on bottom must be known by the drilling team. In this case loss of primary well control is not likely to be the major risk, rather that of bore hole instability, especially with a turbine bottom hole assemblies.
LNG - Quantifying Major Accident Risks
Authors: Vesovic Velisa 
Published: May 2016

This reference is for an abstract only. A full paper was not submitted for this conference.

Abstract
Throughout much of the world, the demand for natural gas has been steadily increasing and is projected to double in the next 15 years. A large portion of the demand can only be met through long-distance marine transport, and for economic reasons, ships carry the product as liquefied natural gas (LNG). While the LNG industry lays claim to an exceptional safety record, safety concerns have threatened to delay or even prevent the expansion as regulators and general public remain unconvinced. In order to identify the major hazards involved it is useful to review the physical processes which take place in the spillage of LNG on water. In this work we have concentrated on one of the crucial factors that determines the formation and the future behaviour of the hazardous vapour cloud, namely the rate of vaporization of the LNG. A model has been developed for estimating the rate of vaporisation of LNG mixture spreading on confined and unconfined water surfaces. In the context of this presentation the model is used to illustrate the importance of correctly describing the thermodynamics of LNG vaporisation and to examine the influence of chemical composition of LNG on its vaporisation rate. The detailed results indicate that the vaporisation rate of LNG mixture is markedly different to that of pure methane. The difference can be attributed primarily to the contributions of the direct and indirect component of the total, differential, isobaric latent heat to the boiling process. For LNG, as the liquid mixture gets rich in ethane, the total, differential, isobaric latent heat increases rapidly, leading to a large decrease in the vaporisation of LNG compared to pure methane. The overall results suggest that treating an LNG spill as a pure methane spill results in underestimation of the total spillage time and in qualitatively wrong dynamics of the rate of vapour formation. Furthermore, we report on the conditions under which the water surface will freeze. It was concluded that when LNG spills on a confined, shallow-water surface the surface temperature of water will decrease rapidly leading to ice formation. The formation of an ice layer, that will continue to grow for the duration of the spill, will have a profound effect upon the vaporization rate. The decreasing surface temperature of ice will decrease the temperature differential between LNG and ice that drives the heat transfer and will lead to a change of the boiling regime. The overall effect would be that the vaporization flux would first decrease during the film boiling; followed by an increase during the transition boiling and a steady decrease during the nucleate boiling. The developed model reduces the uncertainty associated with predicting the crucial vaporization rate of LNG and allows for a more secure quantification, for the purposes of risk assessment, of all hazards associated with accidental or terrorist-related LNG release.
How New Measurement, Tomographic and Visualisation Techniques Help Operators Improve Recovery in Older and Smaller Fields
Authors: Ruden Lars Anders 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Two of the biggest challenges operators face today is improving recovery from older fields; and making smaller fields economically viable. Today more than 70% of oil and gas production comes from fields over 30 years old and in regions, such as the North Sea, there has been a proliferation of smaller, producing fields.
This paper will examine the crucial role multiphase meters are playing in making these fields economically viable. The paper will look at how new measurement, tomographic and visualisation techniques are generating the detailed information on flow rates and complex flow patterns operators need to maximise production.
The paper will provide an overview of the development of a third generation multiphase meter and how it can help better define complex flow patterns in smaller and older fields and how flow characterisation can be enhanced through tomographic and 3D visualisation techniques.
The paper will describe in detail a new measurement principle for multiphase meters, based on an electrode geometry sensor, which allows for measurements in separate sectors in addition to the full cross-sectional area.
The result will be both rotational near wall measurements and cross-volume measurements, providing the operator with a comprehensive mapping of flow regimes and more accurate fraction measurements and velocities for each segment.
The paper will also examine new tomography and visualisation techniques and how the installation effects of multiphase meters can be identified through EIT (Electrical Impedance Tomography), traditionally a medical imaging technique but well suited for fast dynamic processes like multiphase flow.
Taking Roxar's experience in the North Sea, the paper will present initial results from the testing of the new measurement principle and tomographic techniques, relating to water liquid ratio (WLR) measurements and reduced uncertainty on liquid flow rate measurements.
The paper will provide an important technical contribution towards the goal of optimising existing assets in smaller and more mature fields.

The Growth in Brownfields and Smaller Fields
While it is high profile, large oil and gas developments in the early production phase which tend to get most of the attention, today more than 70 per cent of the world's oil and gas production comes from fields that are over 30 years old [1] with the Middle East, North Sea and Asia all having their share of brownfield sites.
In addition to brownfields, the last few years have also seen a growth in smaller fields - fields that sometimes have been initially produced by one of the oil & gas majors before being taken on by the smaller, oil & gas independent, with the North Sea being a case in point.
Detection of Cross-flows Behind Casing before Perforations, and Cement Isolation Diagnosis Based on Temperature Analysis (TUNU field, Indonesia)
Authors: Perrier Sebastien 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
In multilayered depleted gas fields, cement isolation is essential to avoid water or gas cross-flows behind casing, and possible subsequent detrimental effects after perforation, which usually require long and expensive remedial actions.
In the Tunu Field, a mature gas field operated by Total producing 200.000boepd in Eastern Borneo (Indonesia), a new method has been developed to detect these cross-flows prior to perforation.
Although it shares similar interpretation concepts as traditional temperature surveys (analysis of deviations to geothermal gradient), originality of the method lies in the fact that it uses logs acquired before initial perforations on the well. Unlike production logging methods, temperature profiles are thus exclusively affected by fluid movements behind casing, allowing optimal resolution.
This timing of logging, provided that it respects a minimum stabilization time after cementation job, is validated by a survey on more than 300 recent Tunu wells: a/ we could not identify in Tunu any proven water channeling on depleted reservoirs without anomalies being already present before perforations. b/ temperature anomaly patterns can be associated to different levels of risks of water channeling. In particular, "heating" anomalies indicate the highest risk of water channeling, while risk associated to other patterns can vary depending on reservoir stacking configuration and anomaly patterns.
This timing of logging is ideal for reservoir engineers to adapt perforation strategy and anticipate on eventual remedial jobs before any damage is done to other reservoirs.
Advantages over conventional bond logs interpretations at reservoir scale are commented, as well as the improvements in water monitoring interpretations that this method can bring.