bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership on Processed Food Trade under Monopolistic Competition and Firm Heterogeneity
Authors: Luckstead Jeff , Devadoss Stephen 
Published: August 2016

AbstractFood processing firms vary in size, exhibit productivity differences, produce highly differentiated products, and engage in monopolistic competition. As the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership negotiation is gaining momentum and trade in processed food is becoming more important, it is worth analyzing the impact of this potential trade liberalization on the U.S. and E.U. processed food markets. This study develops a three‐region (United States, European Union, and Rest of the World) monopolistic competition trade model with heterogeneous firms to analyze the effects of U.S.–E.U. bilateral tariff elimination and nontariff barrier harmonization on prices, domestic production, bilateral trade, productivity, measure of operating firms, and welfare in the processed food sector. The results show that this trade liberalization expands cross‐hauling, with U.S. exports to the European Union increasing by about 95% and E.U. exports to the United States rising by about 87%. This increase in cross‐hauling displaces exports from the Rest of the World to the United States and the European Union by approximately 3% and 8%, respectively. U.S. and E.U. total processed food production increases by about 4% and 0.4%, respectively. Because of lower prices and more consumption, net welfare expands in all three regions.
Identifying collaborative care teams through electronic medical record utilization patterns
Authors: Chen You , Lorenzi Nancy M , Sandberg Warren S , Wolgast Kelly , Malin Bradley A 
Published: August 2016

Objective: The goal of this investigation was to determine whether automated approaches can learn patient-oriented care teams via utilization of an electronic medical record (EMR) system.Materials and Methods: To perform this investigation, we designed a data-mining framework that relies on a combination of latent topic modeling and network analysis to infer patterns of collaborative teams. We applied the framework to the EMR utilization records of over 10 000 employees and 17 000 inpatients at a large academic medical center during a 4-month window in 2010. Next, we conducted an extrinsic evaluation of the patterns to determine the plausibility of the inferred care teams via surveys with knowledgeable experts. Finally, we conducted an intrinsic evaluation to contextualize each team in terms of collaboration strength (via a cluster coefficient) and clinical credibility (via associations between teams and patient comorbidities).Results: The framework discovered 34 collaborative care teams, 27 (79.4%) of which were confirmed as administratively plausible. Of those, 26 teams depicted strong collaborations, with a cluster coefficient &gt; 0.5. There were 119 diagnostic conditions associated with 34 care teams. Additionally, to provide clarity on how the survey respondents arrived at their determinations, we worked with several oncologists to develop an illustrative example of how a certain team functions in cancer care.Discussion: Inferred collaborative teams are plausible; translating such patterns into optimized collaborative care will require administrative review and integration with management practices.Conclusions: EMR utilization records can be mined for collaborative care patterns in large complex medical centers.
Combined Multichannel Intraluminal Impedance and pH Measurement in Detecting Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Children
Authors: Safe Mark , Cho Jemma , Krishnan Usha 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjective:The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare multichannel intraluminal impedance‐pH (MII‐pH) monitoring with standard investigations including pH testing for detecting gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in children.Methods:A retrospective review of all MII‐pH studies performed between July 2007 and March 2013 at Sydney Children's Hospital. Results from MII‐pH testing, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), barium meal and pepsin assay, symptoms, underlying comorbidities, age, and medication usage were evaluated.Results:An additional 47.18% of children had GERD detected by MII‐pH testing, which would have been missed by pH testing alone. Based on symptomatology, 50.49% of children with respiratory symptoms as a result of GERD and 47.54% of those with gastrointestinal symptoms would have been missed by pH testing alone. GERD was detected in an additional 39.47% of children with neurological impairment, 44.44% for those with cystic fibrosis, and 52.17% for those with esophageal atresia‐tracheoesophageal fistula by MII‐pH. In patients with persistent symptoms on anti‐reflux medication, GERD would have been missed by pH testing alone in 50.40%. GERD was detected in an additional 62.79% of infants and 42.76% of older children by MII‐pH compared with pH testing alone. With reference to MII‐pH, the sensitivity of other standard investigations, pH testing (32.35%), barium meal (25.00%), EGD (45.26%), and pepsin assay (48.89%) was significantly lower in the detection of GERD in children. Of all abnormal MII‐pH results, 51.1% were abnormal because of symptom association alone.Conclusions:Combined MII‐pH testing is superior to standard investigations such as 24‐hour pH testing, barium meal, EGD, and pepsin assay in detecting GERD in children, particular because of its ability to associate symptoms with acid and non‐acid reflux events.
Case of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma arising on subcutaneous tissue in an adult patient: Review of the published works of 13 cases arising on cutaneous or subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Watanabe Mai , Ansai Shin‐ichi , Iwakiri Itaru , Fukumoto Takaya , Murakami Masahiro 
Published: August 2016

AbstractRhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a malignant mesenchymal tumor usually occurring in children, young adults, and predominantly arising in the head and neck or deep soft tissue of the extremities. Pleomorphic RMS (PRMS) arising on subcutaneous tissue in an adult patient's trunk is extremely rare. We present a case of primary PRMS occurring on the back of a 50‐year‐old man. The tumor was diagnosed by histological and immunohistochemical findings of the resected specimen. One month after the surgery, axillary lymph node metastases were found. Subsequently, the patient received three cycles of combined chemotherapy. The rest of those axillary lymph nodes were reduced in size and there was no local recurrence 6 months postoperatively. PRMS is a very rare but aggressive tumor. Thus, it is important to confirm the diagnosis and provide adequate treatments.
Pazopanib does not bring remarkable improvement in patients with angiosarcoma
Authors: Kitamura Shinya , Yanagi Teruki , Inamura Yuka , Hata Hiroo , Imafuku Keisuke , Yoshino Koji , Shimizu Hiroshi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPazopanib is a potent and selective multi‐targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor that has been reported to extend progression‐free survival in cases of metastatic soft‐tissue sarcoma. However, the efficacy of pazopanib for cutaneous angiosarcoma has not been confirmed. We report eight cases of angiosarcoma treated with pazopanib, and review the efficacy and safety of pazopanib therapy. We retrospectively investigated the clinical information, including age, sex, body surface area, location, performance status, lung or pleural metastasis, preceding treatment, oral dose of pazopanib, response rate, progression‐free survival and adverse effects. Five of the eight patients needed to stop the pazopanib treatment due to severe adverse effects, including thrombocytopenia, anemia, drug‐associated pancreatitis, acute fulminant hepatitis and general fatigue. Progression‐free survival ranged 0.5–3.5 months (mean ± standard deviation, 1.81 ± 1.03). Overall survival ranged 3–26 months (14.13 ± 9.47). Six of the eight cases showed progressive disease, and two of the eight cases showed stable disease. To assess overall survival in angiosarcoma treated with pazopanib, we compared the pazopanib‐treated group (n = 8) with the non‐pazopanib‐treated control group (n = 10). There was no significant difference between two groups (P = 0.19, log–rank test). In conclusion, our case series suggests that pazopanib does not bring remarkable improvement in patients with angiosarcoma.
Clinical and histological characteristics of livedo racemosa in essential thrombocythemia: A report of two cases and review of the published works
Authors: Inoue Sae , Okiyama Naoko , Okune Mari , Shiraki Nagisa , Kessoku Reiko , Fujimoto Manabu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEssential thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare clonal myeloproliferative disorder with a prevalence rate of approximately 1–3 cases per 100 000 individuals per year. ET is characterized by a persistent increase in the platelet count with hyperplasia of bone marrow megakaryocytes. It is difficult to make a diagnosis of ET, because most thrombocythemia are reactive to certain disease conditions including iron deficiency anemia, infection, collagen diseases and malignant tumors. Mutation in the Janus kinase (JAK)2 gene is present in approximately 50–70% of ET patients, and somatic mutations in the calreticulin (CALR) gene were recently discovered in approximately 20–25% of sporadic patients with ET or primary myelofibrosis. Various cutaneous manifestations of ET often occur by microvascular thrombosis and precede severe arterial and venous thromboembolic events in other organs. Therefore, in order to prevent such severe events, it is important to make an early diagnosis of ET based on a number of cutaneous manifestations. Here, we report two cases of ET diagnosed based on livedo racemosa on feet with gene mutations in JAK2 and CALR, respectively, and show the pathological and immunohistological findings of the livedo resulting from platelet thrombosis rather than vasculitis. We also review the cutaneous manifestations in current published reports of Japanese ET patients. Our patients were successfully treated with low‐dose aspirin, a vasodepressor and hydroxyurea, following regressed livedo and reduced platelet counts.
Herbivore‐specific induction of defence metabolites in a grass–endophyte association
Authors: Fuchs Benjamin , Krischke Markus , Mueller Martin J. , Krauss Jochen 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Plants have developed a variety of defence strategies against herbivores. One possible strategy is the induced production of metabolites following herbivore attack. Plant‐associated micro‐organisms can be the source of such defensive compounds. For example, cool‐season grasses can be associated with systemic endophytic fungi of the genus Epichloё, which produce herbivore‐toxic alkaloids.

In a controlled common garden approach, we tested the hypothesis that different types of herbivory induce endophyte growth and increase the endophyte‐mediated production of three bioactive alkaloids which can deter or toxify herbivores. During 18 weeks, we analysed biweekly endophyte and alkaloid concentrations in the grass Lolium perenne infected with the endophytic fungus Epichloё festucae var. lolii. The experiment was conducted throughout the field season and compared three different herbivore treatments to the control treatment (herbivory exclosure).

We showed that the concentration of the vertebrate toxic alkaloid lolitrem B increased following clipping (a simulation of grazing herbivores), while the insect deterring alkaloid peramine increased following locust herbivory (biting–chewing herbivores). The endophyte concentration increased slightly following clipping (P = 0·09). Sap sucking aphids altered neither endophyte nor alkaloid concentrations.

Our study provides evidence for an herbivore‐specific induction of endophyte‐mediated responses following herbivore attack on its host grass. Our results suggest that the grass–endophyte symbiosis involves a close chemical crosstalk between the interacting partners.
Resource‐ and pollinator‐mediated selection on floral traits
Authors: Sletvold Nina , Tye Matthew , Ågren Jon 
Published: August 2016

Summary

Female reproductive success is predicted to be simultaneously limited by the availability of pollen and resources. Selection on floral traits results from both factors, but their relative importance and interaction is poorly understood.

We increased nutrient and pollen availability of the orchid Dactylorhiza lapponica in a factorial experiment to quantify resource‐ and pollinator‐mediated selection on floral traits. Hand‐pollination increased female fitness (number of fruits × mean fruit mass) by 74% in both nutrient treatments, whereas nutrient addition did not significantly affect female fitness.

There was selection for more flowers and longer spurs, and selection on spur length was significantly pollinator‐mediated and of similar strength across nutrient treatments (Δβpoll = 0·54 and Δβpoll_NPK = 0·59). There was no statistically significant resource‐mediated selection. Nutrient addition increased flower size the following year, but did not affect flower or fruit production, or selection on any trait.

The results demonstrate that D. lapponica does not increase flower production in response to nutrient addition, that the increase in female fitness in response to hand‐pollination is not resource limited, and suggest that natural resource variation does not influence selection on floral traits. The study illustrates that crossed manipulations of pollen and resources can clarify their relative importance for selection on floral traits.

A Lay Summary is available for this article.
Density function evaluation from borehole gravity meter data – regularized spectral domain deconvolution approach
Authors: Karcol Roland , Pašteka Roman 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWe present a new method of transforming borehole gravity meter data into vertical density logs. This new method is based on the regularized spectral domain deconvolution of density functions. It is a novel alternative to the “classical” approach, which is very sensitive to noise, especially for high‐definition surveys with relatively small sampling steps. The proposed approach responds well to vertical changes of density described by linear and polynomial functions. The model used is a vertical cylinder with large outer radius (flat circular plate) crossed by a synthetic vertical borehole profile. The task is formulated as a minimization problem, and the result is a low‐pass filter (controlled by a regularization parameter) in the spectral domain. This regularized approach is tested on synthetic datasets with noise and gives much more stable solutions than the classical approach based on the infinite Bouguer slab approximation. Next, the tests on real‐world datasets are presented. The properties and presented results make our proposed approach a viable alternative to the other processing methods of borehole gravity meter data based on horizontally layered formations.
‘Constrained collaboration’: Patient empowerment discourse as resource for countervailing power
Authors: Vinson Alexandra H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCountervailing powers constrain the authority and autonomy of the medical profession. One countervailing power is patient consumerism, a movement with roots in health social movements. Patient empowerment discourses that emerge from health social movements suggest that active patienthood is a normative good, and that patients should inform themselves, claim their expertise, and participate in their care. Yet, little is known about how patient empowerment is understood by physicians. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork in an American medical school, this article examines how physicians teach medical students to carry out patient encounters while adhering to American cultural expectations of a collaborative physician–patient relationship. Overt medical paternalism is characterised by professors as ‘here's the orders’ paternalism, and shown to be counterproductive to ‘closing the deal’ – achieving patient agreement to a course of treatment. To explain how physicians accomplish their therapeutic goals without violating cultural mandates of patient empowerment I develop the concept of ‘constrained collaboration’. This analysis of constrained collaboration contrasts with structural‐level narratives of diminishing professional authority and contributes to a theory of the micro‐level reproduction of medical authority as a set of interactional practices.
The Use and Intended Outcomes of Presence: A Focus Group Study
Authors: Stockmann Cherrill , Gabor Octavian , DiVito‐Thomas Pamela , Ehlers Caroline 
Published: August 2016

PURPOSETo explore and understand the use and intended outcomes of presence from the perspective of and as experienced by nurses.METHODSTwenty‐seven nurses participated in one of four focus groups. Data were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological method.FINDINGSFour themes emerged: (1) therapeutic communication; (2) nurse well‐being; (3) dimensions of presence; and (4) intention to improve client outcomes.CONCLUSIONSPresence was described as a multidimensional intervention that required therapeutic communication and nurse well‐being with the intention of improving client outcomes. Study findings provide evidence of the significance of presence in the face of human interaction that is shifting to virtual, impersonal communication.
Environmental factors exert predominant effects on testate amoeba metacommunities during droughts in floodplains
Authors: Arrieira Rodrigo Leite , Schwind Leilane Talita Fatoreto , Bonecker Claudia Costa , Lansac‐Tôha Fábio Amodêo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMetacommunities have been evaluated as models for the relative importance of environmental and spatial processes in assembling ecological communities. Here, we tested the hypothesis that different hydrological periods (drought and flooding) influence the environmental associations of planktonic testate amoeba metacommunities. We predicted that environmental factors would exert the strongest effects on species dispersal under drought, but that they would be less significant during flooding. Testate amoebae were sampled during drought and flooding, from 72 lakes in four Brazilian floodplains (Amazonian, Araguaia, Pantanal and Paraná). Partial redundancy analysis indicated that only environmental factors were significant; they were significant in all floodplain lakes during the drought. Only the Paraná floodplain had significant results for environmental factors during both hydrological periods. Spatial factors did not contribute significantly to any of the metacommunities. The depth, pH and variables related to environmental productivity were identified as major predictors in the assembly of testate amoeba communities. Our results highlight that different hydrological periods vary in their relative importance in environmental and spatial processes. The species‐sorting model was predominant during drought, while stochastic processes prevailed during flooding in all but the Paraná floodplain. In the Paraná floodplain, the construction of dams could potentially alter the effects of environmental and spatial factors on the dispersal of planktonic testate amoebae. The pH and the environmental productivity factors were largely responsible for species selection and the structuring of the planktonic testate amoebae metacommunities in Brazilian floodplains.
Recovery from a fish kill in a semi‐arid Australian river: Can stocking augment natural recruitment processes?
Authors: Thiem Jason D. , Wooden Ian J. , Baumgartner Lee J. , Butler Gavin L. , Forbes Jamin P. , Conallin John 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLocalized catastrophic events can dramatically affect fish populations. Management interventions, such as stocking, are often undertaken to re‐establish populations that have experienced such events. Evaluations of the effectiveness of these interventions are required to inform future management actions. Multiple hypoxic blackwater events in 2010–2011 substantially reduced fish communities in the Edward‐Wakool river system in the southern Murray‐Darling Basin, New South Wales, Australia. These events led to extensive fish kills across large sections of the entire system following a period of prolonged drought. To expedite recovery efforts, 119 661 golden perch Macquaria ambigua and 59 088 Murray cod Maccullochella peelii fingerlings were stocked at five locations over 3 years. All fish stocked were chemically marked with calcein to enable retrospective evaluation of wild or hatchery origin. Targeted collections were undertaken 3 years post‐stocking to investigate the relative contribution of stocking efforts and recovery via natural recruitment in the system. Of the golden perch retained for annual ageing (n = 93) only nine were of an age that could have coincided with stocking activities. Of those, six were stocked. The dominant year‐class of golden perch were spawned in 2009; before the stocking programme began and prior to blackwater events. All Murray cod retained (n = 136) were of an age that coincided with stocking activities, although only eight were stocked. Among the Murray cod captured, the dominant year‐class was spawned in 2011, after the blackwater events occurred. The results from this study provide first evidence that natural spawning and recruitment, and possibly immigration, were the main drivers of golden perch and Murray cod recovery following catastrophic fish kills. Interpreted in the context of other recent examples, the collective results indicate limited benefit of stocking to existing connected populations already naturally recruiting in riverine systems.
Negative pressure wound therapy using a portable single‐use device for free skin grafts on the distal extremity in seven dogs
Authors: Miller AJ , Cashmore RG , Marchevsky AM , Havlicek M , Brown PM , Fearnside SM 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveRetrospective study to describe clinical experience with a portable single‐use negative pressure wound therapy device after application of full‐thickness meshed skin grafts to wounds on the distal extremities of seven dogs.MethodsSeven dogs were treated with portable NPWT after receiving skin grafts; six as the result of tumour resection and one for traumatic injury. Medical records were reviewed and data recorded on patient signalment, cause and location of wound, surgical technique, application and maintenance of portable NPWT, graft survival and outcome, and complications encountered with the system.Clinical outcomes
NPWT was provided for between 4 and 7 days. Five patients were discharged from hospital during the treatment period. Application and maintenance of the portable device was technically easy and no major complications were encountered. Minor complications consisted of fluid accumulation in the evacuation tubing. All dogs achieved 100% graft survival.ConclusionsApplication and maintenance of the portable device was technically straightforward. All dogs receiving portable NPWT after transfer of a free skin graft to the distal extremity had a successful outcome.