bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A soft selective sweep during rapid evolution of gentle behaviour in an Africanized honeybee
Authors: Avalos Arian , Pan Hailin , Li Cai , Acevedo-Gonzalez Jenny P. , Rendon Gloria , Fields Christopher J. , Brown Patrick J. , Giray Tugrul , Robinson Gene E. , Hudson Matthew E. , Zhang Guojie 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHighly aggressive Africanized honeybees (AHB) invaded Puerto Rico (PR) in 1994, displacing gentle European honeybees (EHB) in many locations. Gentle AHB (gAHB), unknown anywhere else in the world, subsequently evolved on the island within a few generations. Here we sequence whole genomes from gAHB and EHB populations, as well as a North American AHB population, a likely source of the founder AHB on PR. We show that gAHB retains high levels of genetic diversity after evolution of gentle behaviour, despite selection on standing variation. We observe multiple genomic loci with significant signatures of selection. Rapid evolution during colonization of novel habitats can generate major changes to characteristics such as morphological or colouration traits, usually controlled by one or more major genetic loci. Here we describe a soft selective sweep, acting at multiple loci across the genome, that occurred during, and may have mediated, the rapid evolution of a behavioural trait.
Oxidation behavior of graphene-coated copper at intrinsic graphene defects of different origins
Authors: Kwak Jinsung , Jo Yongsu , Park Soon-Dong , Kim Na Yeon , Kim Se-Yang , Shin Hyung-Joon , Lee Zonghoon , Kim Sung Youb , Kwon Soon-Yong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe development of ultrathin barrier films is vital to the advanced semiconductor industry. Graphene appears to hold promise as a protective coating; however, the polycrystalline and defective nature of engineered graphene hinders its practical applications. Here, we investigate the oxidation behavior of graphene-coated Cu foils at intrinsic graphene defects of different origins. Macro-scale information regarding the spatial distribution and oxidation resistance of various graphene defects is readily obtained using optical and electron microscopies after the hot-plate annealing. The controlled oxidation experiments reveal that the degree of structural deficiency is strongly dependent on the origins of the structural defects, the crystallographic orientations of the underlying Cu grains, the growth conditions of graphene, and the kinetics of the graphene growth. The obtained experimental and theoretical results show that oxygen radicals, decomposed from water molecules in ambient air, are effectively inverted at Stone–Wales defects into the graphene/Cu interface with the assistance of facilitators.
Height associated variants demonstrate assortative mating in human populations
Authors: Li Xiaoyin , Redline Susan , Zhang Xiang , Williams Scott , Zhu Xiaofeng 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding human mating patterns, which can affect population genetic structure, is important for correctly modeling populations and performing genetic association studies. Prior studies of assortative mating in humans focused on trait similarity among spouses and relatives via phenotypic correlations. Limited research has quantified the genetic consequences of assortative mating. The degree to which the non-random mating influences genetic architecture remains unclear. Here, we studied genetic variants associated with human height to assess the degree of height-related assortative mating in European-American and African-American populations. We compared the inbreeding coefficient estimated using known height associated variants with that calculated from frequency matched sets of random variants. We observed significantly higher inbreeding coefficients for the height associated variants than from frequency matched random variants (P < 0.05), demonstrating height-related assortative mating in both populations.
Identification of host DEAD-box RNA helicases that regulate cellular tropism of oncolytic Myxoma virus in human cancer cells
Authors: Rahman Masmudur M. , Bagdassarian Eugenie , Ali Mohamed A. M. , McFadden Grant 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMyxoma virus (MYXV), a Leporipoxvirus, is being developed as an oncolytic virotherapeutic for the treatment of a variety of human cancers. MYXV tropism for human cancer cells is largely mediated by intracellular signaling networks that regulate viral replication or innate antiviral response pathways. Thus, MYXV is fully or partially permissive for the majority of human cancer cells that harbor defects in antiviral signaling, but a minority are nonpermissive because the virus infection aborts before its completion. To identify host factors relevant for MYXV tropism in human cancer cells, we performed a small interfering RNA (siRNA) library screen targeting the 58 human DEAD-box RNA helicases in two permissive human cancer cells (HeLa and A549), one semi-permissive (786-0), and one nonpermissive cell line (PANC-1). Five host RNA helicases (DDX3X, DDX5, DHX9, DHX37, DDX52) were inhibitory for optimal replication and thus classified as anti-viral, while three other cellular RNA helicases (DHX29, DHX35, RIG-I) were identified as pro-viral or pro-cellular because knockdown consistently reduced MYXV replication and/or required metabolic functions of permissive cancer cells. These findings suggest that replication of MYXV, and likely all poxviruses, is dramatically regulated positively and negatively by multiple host DEAD-box RNA helicases.
Dose de-escalation to the normal larynx using conformal radiotherapy reduces toxicity while maintaining oncologic outcome for T1/T2 glottic cancer
Authors: Kim Jun Won , Byeon Hyung Kwon , Choi Hong-Shik , Lee Ik Jae 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe evaluated the efficacy of dose de-escalation to the normal larynx using conformal radiotherapy (CRT) for T1/T2 glottic cancer. For conventional RT (2DRT, n = 38), the laryngeal box received a median equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions (EQD2) of 66 Gy. For CRT (n = 42; 3D-CRT, 20; intensity-modulated RT, 22), clinical target volume (CTV)1 (gross tumor with a 3-mm margin) and CTV2 (laryngeal box) received median EQD2s of 66.6 Gy and 52.2 Gy, respectively. With a 71-month median follow-up, five-year local control and overall survival rates for 2DRT vs. CRT were 88.1% vs. 95.1% (p = 0.405) and 94.7% vs. 90.7% (p = 0.102), respectively. Grade 2 and 3 pharyngitis rates were 52.6% and 5.3% for 2DRT vs. 35.7% and 2.4% for CRT (p = 0.121). Grade 2 and 3 dermatitis rates were 42.1% and 2.6% for 2DRT vs. 35.7% and 0% for CRT (p = 0.013). The maximum phonation time increased from 12.1 ± 7.1 to 14.0 ± 6.6 seconds after 2DRT (p = 0.375) and from 12.0 ± 5.5 to 13.8 ± 10.1 seconds after CRT (p = 0.313). Fundamental frequency decreased from 150.6 ± 40.3 to 121.9 ± 30.2 Hz after 2DRT (p = 0.039) and from 138.5 ± 31.9 to 126.1 ± 23.7 Hz after CRT (p = 0.058). CRT can effectively de-escalate the normal larynx dose while maintaining oncologic outcome and voice quality.
Trapping/Pinning of colloidal microspheres over glass substrate using surface features
Authors: Prakash Praneet , Varma Manoj 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSuspensions of micro/nano particles made of Polystyrene, Poly(methyl methacrylate), Silicon dioxide etc. have been a standard model system to understand colloidal physics. These systems have proved useful insights into phenomena such as self-assembly. Colloidal model systems are also extensively used to simulate many condensed matter phenomena such as dynamics in a quenched disordered system and glass transition. A precise control of particles using optical or holographic tweezers is essential for such studies. However, studies of collective phenomena such as jamming and flocking behaviour in a disordered space are limited due to the low throughput of the optical trapping techniques. In this article, we present a technique where we trap and pin polystyrene microspheres ~10 μm over ‘triangular crest’ shaped microstructures in a microfluidic environment. Trapping/Pinning occurs due to the combined effect of hydrodynamic interaction and non-specific adhesion forces. This method allows trapping and pinning of microspheres in any arbitrary pattern with a high degree of spatial accuracy which can be useful in studying fundamentals of various collective phenomena as well as in applications such as bead detachment assay based biosensors.
Electrical analysis of c-Si/CGSe monolithic tandem solar cells by using a cell-selective light absorption scheme
Authors: Jeong Ah Reum , Choi Sung Bin , Kim Won Mok , Park Jong-Keuk , Choi Jihye , Kim Inho , Jeong Jeung-hyun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA monolithic tandem solar cell consisting of crystalline Si (c-Si)/indium tin oxide (ITO)/CuGaSe2(CGSe) was demonstrated by stacking a CGSe solar cell on a c-Si/ITO solar cell to obtain a photovoltaic conversion efficiency of about 10%. Electrical analyses based on cell-selective light absorption were applied to individually characterize the photovoltaic performances of the top and bottom subcells. Illumination at a frequency that could be absorbed only by a targeted top or bottom subcell permitted measurement of the open-circuit voltage of the target subcell and the shunt resistance of the non-target subcell. The cell parameters measured from each subcell were very similar to those of the corresponding single cell, confirming the validity of the suggested method. In addition, separating the light absorption intensities at the top and bottom subcells made us measure the bias-dependent photocurrent for each subcell. The series resistance of a c-Si/ITO/CGSe cell subjected to bottom-cell limiting conditions was slightly large, implying that the tunnel junction was a little resistive or slightly beyond ohmic. This analysis demonstrated that aside from producing a slightly resistive tunnel junction, our fabrication processes were successful in monolithically integrating a CGSe cell onto a c-Si/ITO cell without degrading the performances of both cells.
Real-time wash-free detection of unlabeled PNA-DNA hybridization using discrete FET sensor
Authors: Kaisti Matti , Kerko Anssi , Aarikka Eero , Saviranta Petri , Boeva Zhanna , Soukka Tero , Lehmusvuori Ari 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate an electrochemical sensor for detection of unlabeled single-stranded DNA using peptide nucleic acid (PNA) probes coupled to the field-effect transistor (FET) gate. The label-free detection relies on the intrinsic charge of the DNA backbone. Similar detection schemes have mainly concentrated on sensitivity improvement with an emphasis on new sensor structures. Our approach focuses on using an extended-gate that separates the FET and the sensing electrode yielding a simple and mass fabricable device. We used PNA probes for efficient hybridization in low salt conditions that is required to avoid the counter ion screening. As a result, significant part of the target DNA lies within the screening length of the sensor. With this, we achieved a wash-free detection where typical gate potential shifts are more than 70 mV with 1 µM target DNA. We routinely obtained a real-time, label- and wash-free specific detection of target DNA in nanomolar concentration with low-cost electronics and the responses were achieved within minutes after introducing targets to the solution. Furthermore, the results suggest that the sensor performance is limited by specificity rather than by sensitivity and using low-cost electronics does not limit the sensor performance in the presented sensor configuration.
Coupled Motion of Contact Line on Nanoscale Chemically Heterogeneous Surfaces for Improved Bubble Dynamics in Boiling
Authors: Jaikumar Arvind , Kandlikar Satish G. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate that the contact line (CL) motion on energetically heterogeneous solid surfaces occurs in a coupled fashion as against the traditional staggered stick-slip motion. Introducing chemical inhomogeneities at nanoscale induces a local change in dynamic contact angles which manifests as a smooth and continuous motion of the CL. Nanoscale chemically inhomogeneous surfaces comprising of gold, palladium and nickel were generated on copper substrates to demonstrate the underlying CL dynamics. The spatial variations of chemical constituents were mapped using elemental display scanning electron microscope images. Further, the coupled and stick-slip motion was confirmed for a sliding water droplet on these surfaces, and then used in studying the pool boiling bubble dynamics of a single bubble from nucleation to departure. The coupled motion was seen to increase the CL velocity thereby increasing the contribution from transient conduction heat transfer. Consequently, a ~2X increase in the boiling critical heat flux (CHF) was observed. Enhancing the pool boiling performance by introducing nanoscale surface features is an attractive approach in many applications and this work provides a framework and understanding of the CL motion induced through the chemical inhomogeneity effects.
Disturbance in Plasma Metabolic Profile in Different Types of Human Cytomegalovirus-Induced Liver Injury in Infants
Authors: Li Wei-Wei , Shan Jin-Jun , Lin Li-Li , Xie Tong , He Li-Li , Yang Yan , Wang Shou-Chuan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection in infants is a global problem and the liver is a target organ of HCMV invasion. However, the mechanism by which HCMV causes different types of liver injury is unclear, and there are many difficulties in the differential diagnosis of HCMV infantile cholestatic hepatopathy (ICH) and extrahepatic biliary atresia (EHBA). We established a non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics method in conjunction with orthogonal partial least squares-discriminate analysis based on 127 plasma samples from healthy controls, and patients with HCMV infantile hepatitis, HCMV ICH, and HCMV EHBA to explore the metabolite profile of different types of HCMV-induced liver injury. Twenty-nine metabolites related to multiple amino acid metabolism disorder, nitrogen metabolism and energy metabolism were identified. Carbamic acid, glutamate, L-aspartic acid, L-homoserine, and noradrenaline for HCMV ICH vs. HCMV EHBA were screened as potential biomarkers and showed excellent discriminant performance. These results not only revealed the potential pathogenesis of HCMV-induced liver injury, but also provided a feasible diagnostic tool for distinguishing EHBA from ICH.
Single mode semiconductor laser based on coupled cavities of an active ring laser and Fabry Perot
Authors: Dernaika Mohamad , Kelly Niall P. , Caro Ludovic , Peters Frank H. 
Published: November 2017

A single mode laser based on coupled cavities of an active ring laser and a Fabry Perot is presented. The laser exhibits tunable single mode behaviour with a side mode suppression ratio of 41 dB and a line‐width of 400 kHz.
Endoscopic Endonasal Repair of Internal Carotid Artery Injury during Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery
Authors: Duek Irit , Sviri Gill , Amit Moran , Gil Ziv 
Published: November 2017

Background Injury to the cavernous portion of the internal carotid artery (ICA) during endoscopic skull base surgery is a well-recognized rare complication that can be associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Many techniques have been suggested to manage ICA injury with varying degrees of success.
Objectives We provide a detailed technical description of an operative technique for endoscopic management of carotid artery injury.
Methods A case of ICA injury during endoscopic skull base surgery is presented. The immediate treatment measurements include: (1) early recognition of ICA injury, (2) briefing of the team and preparations, (3) packing, (4) harvesting of temporalis muscle patch, (5) placement of the muscle patch over the defect, and (6) gentle compression for 10 minutes.
Results The technique facilitates quick repair and restores normal blood flow through the damaged artery. Exsanguination or the symptoms of stroke that may occur from prolonged occlusion of the ICA are therefore prevented.
Conclusion The proposed protocol is useful for the management of a potentially life-threatening ICA injury.
Tuberkulose bei Flüchtlingen und Asylbewerbern: Tuberkulose-Screening bei Einreise und Fallmanagement
Authors: Priwitzer Martin ,   für den Bundesverband der Ärztinnen und Ärzte des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes e. V., Fachausschuss Infektionsschutz, Arbeitskreis Tuberkulose
Published: November 2017

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Stellungnahme des Bundesverbandes der Ärztinnen und Ärzte des Öffentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes e. V. gibt unter Berücksichtigung der gesetzlichen Grundlagen und der aktuellen Empfehlungen des Robert Koch-Instituts sowie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für pädiatrische Infektiologie konkrete Empfehlungen, wie das Tuberkulose-Screening bei Geflüchteten und Asylbewerbern im Rahmen der Einreise zielführend, fachlich adäquat und ressourcenorientiert durchgeführt werden kann, differenziert nach verschiedenen Personengruppen (Erwachsene, Kinder, Schwangere, unbegleitete minderjährige Ausländer). Außerdem werden Empfehlungen zur Sicherung des Behandlungserfolgs bei Geflüchteten und Asylbewerbern mit Tuberkulose, zur Durchführung von Umgebungsuntersuchungen und zur präventiven Behandlung einer latenten tuberkulösen Infektion bei Geflüchteten und Asylbewerbern formuliert.
Adding landscape genetics and individual traits to the ecosystem function paradigm reveals the importance of species functional breadth
Authors: Castilla Antonio R. , Pope Nathaniel S. , O’Connell Megan , Rodriguez María F. , Treviño Laurel , Santos Alonso , Jha Shalene 
Published: November 2017

SignificancePollinators mediate reproductive processes between plants; however, little is known about how plant and pollinator traits impact pollen dispersal and resulting genetic connectivity. Our study quantifies pollen-dispersal distances and pollination effectiveness for individual pollinator species. We demonstrate that seed set is positively driven by pollinator body size, but long-distance pollen dispersal is mediated by both large-bodied and small-bodied bees. We also reveal that individual plant and population attributes impact pollen-dispersal distances and seed production, respectively. Thus, we show that plant and pollinator traits mediate pollination function and that the entire pollinator community, large and small, plays an important role in the maintenance of genetic connectivity.
Language learning strategy and language learning achievement
Authors: Lin Jia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between language learning achievement and the use of language learning strategy among intermediate Chinese as a second language (L2) learners. A total of 62 students from an intermediate Chinese course participated in this study.Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL)(Oxford, 1989) was used to assess participants’ strategy use frequency. Correlation, one-way ANOVA, and ANOVA post hoc tests were performed for data analysis. Key findings suggest that: (1) initiative, communicative orientation, and risk taking are good behavioral predictors of Chinese L2 achievement; (2) medium-achieving learners are more active in using strategies, especially cognitive and memory strategies. These investigations of strategy use within and across achievement groups revealed both Chinese L2 learners’ characteristics in strategy use, and also the problems and challenges that learners with different achievement levels encounter. Multiple pedagogical implications are provided at the end of this article.
The nature of parasitism.
Authors: Rohde K. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter consists of two sections. The first gives definitions of terms and a brief discussion of some adaptations to a parasitic way of life, such as body size, reproductive capacity, reduction and increase in complexity, and dispersal. The second discusses the distribution of parasites and in particular of marine parasites in the "tree of life". It is emphasized that life originated in an aqueous and probably marine environment, and that every marine organism is a potential host to parasites.
Energy consumption in US agriculture.
Authors: Miranowski J. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter first establishes a baseline for energy consumption in US agricultural production, both in the aggregate and by output categories. Secondly, it evaluates the responsiveness of agricultural producers to real energy price increases, other relative price changes, and associated input substitution possibilities. Thirdly, it assesses the energy efficiency of agricultural production and why efficiency changes over time. Fourthly, it reviews energy use in food processing and compares the energy efficiency in agriculture with that in food processing and other sectors of the US economy. Finally, the chapter discusses the roles of technology (information and biotechnology), government agricultural policies and programmes, and rural energy security in energy consumption in agriculture.
Economic analysis of alternative lignocellulosic sources for ethanol production.
Authors: Herbst B. K. , Anderson D. P. , Lau M. H. , Outlaw J. L. , Klose S. L. , Holtzapple M. T. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

This chapter first describes a new lignocellulosic process for the conversion of biomass into ethanol. A simulation model is then used to determine the feasibility of a 30-million-gal/year lignocellulosic ethanol plant in Texas, USA, in comparison to a similar-sized feed grain ethanol plant in the same state. The results support the notion that lignocellulosic-based ethanol production may be a profitable enterprise in Texas. The analysis indicates that the profitability of such a plant will depend greatly on the initial investment costs. The lignocellulosic ethanol plant returned positive net present values and net cash income at each investment level considered in the simulation (US$ 20, 40 and 60 million). Ending cash (EC) balance increases at the US$20 million and US$40 million initial investment level, but decreases at the US$60 million initial investment level with a 40% probability of being negative at the end of the planning period. Comparison with the feed grain ethanol plant shows that the lignocellulosic ethanol plant has a higher projected net cash income, real net worth, and net present value. The latter also has lower probabilities of negative net income and negative EC balances (1% compared to 27%).
Animal waste as a source of renewable energy.
Authors: Priyadarsan S. , Annamalai K. , Thien B. , Sweeten J. M. , Mukhtar S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

Poultry litter biomass (LB) and feedlot biomass (FB) have greater volatile matter (80%) on a dry ash-free basis compared to coal (45%). Both biomass fuels lose volatiles more rapidly and at lower temperatures (520 K) than coal (670 K). The heating values of FB and LB are much lower than coal, so the mass flow of fuel has to be increased to maintain the same heat throughput when firing blends. Co-firing results suggest that biomass blends and coal have a similar burnt mass fraction (0.95). During co-firing, eventhough the fuel nitrogen throughput increased, there was no appreciable change in NOx emissions compared to coal. However, for all the fuels tested, NOx increased as the excess air percentage was increased. Gasification of coal and FB blends suggest that FB can be co-gasified with coal to generate a low-Btu product gas, which in turn can be used for direct burning to generate heat and power. The economic analysis suggests that it is feasible to co-fire both FB and LB in existing coal power plants. In addition, co-firing results in a decrease in CO2 emissions, but an increase in SO2 emissions. To make animal waste an alternative non-conventional source of renewable energy, the handling and transportation cost for these fuels has to be kept minimal. This can be achieved by decreasing the moisture and ash content of the biomass fuel.