bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered directed functional connectivity in temporal lobe epilepsy in the absence of interictal spikes: A high density EEG study
Authors: Coito Ana , Genetti Melanie , Pittau Francesca , Iannotti Giannina R. , Thomschewski Aljoscha , Höller Yvonne , Trinka Eugen , Wiest Roland , Seeck Margitta , Michel Christoph M. , Plomp Gijs , Vulliemoz Serge 
Published: February 2016

SummaryObjectiveIn patients with epilepsy, seizure relapse and behavioral impairments can be observed despite the absence of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs). Therefore, the characterization of pathologic networks when IEDs are not present could have an important clinical value. Using Granger‐causal modeling, we investigated whether directed functional connectivity was altered in electroencephalography (EEG) epochs free of IED in left and right temporal lobe epilepsy (LTLE and RTLE) compared to healthy controls.MethodsTwenty LTLE, 20 RTLE, and 20 healthy controls underwent a resting‐state high‐density EEG recording. Source activity was obtained for 82 regions of interest (ROIs) using an individual head model and a distributed linear inverse solution. Granger‐causal modeling was applied to the source signals of all ROIs. The directed functional connectivity results were compared between groups and correlated with clinical parameters (duration of the disease, age of onset, age, and learning and mood impairments).ResultsWe found that: (1) patients had significantly reduced connectivity from regions concordant with the default‐mode network; (2) there was a different network pattern in patients versus controls: the strongest connections arose from the ipsilateral hippocampus in patients and from the posterior cingulate cortex in controls; (3) longer disease duration was associated with lower driving from contralateral and ipsilateral mediolimbic regions in RTLE; (4) aging was associated with a lower driving from regions in or close to the piriform cortex only in patients; and (5) outflow from the anterior cingulate cortex was lower in patients with learning deficits or depression compared to patients without impairments and to controls.SignificanceResting‐state network reorganization in the absence of IEDs strengthens the view of chronic and progressive network changes in TLE. These resting‐state connectivity alterations could constitute an important biomarker of TLE, and hold promise for using EEG recordings without IEDs for diagnosis or prognosis of this disorder.
Single‐port laparoscopic incisional hernia repair in a horse
Authors: Gandini M. , Giusto G. , Caramello V. , Comino F. , Rosso A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA 16‐year‐old Italian Saddle Horse gelding was referred for treatment of an incisional hernia that developed 7 months after a ventral midline laparotomy for treatment of acute abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed a hernia approximately 20 cm long and 15 cm wide on the ventral aspect of the abdomen. Ultrasonography revealed the dimensions of the hernia ring to be approximately 15 cm in length and 10 cm in width. A single‐port laparoscopic incisional hernia repair using an operating 0° laparoscope was performed with an appropriately sized (24 × 18 cm) piece of mesh fixed in place with simple interrupted transabdominal sutures. At 4 weeks post operatively, follow‐up physical examination and ultrasonography confirmed healing of the surgical site with no evidence of hernia recurrence. The same evaluation was done 6 months post operatively, and the horse returned to its previous level of activity 8 months post operatively. In horses, laparoscopic application of mesh should be considered among the treatment options for incisional hernia. In the present case, this technique was performed with a single port using an operative laparoscope, in contrast to the multiportal techniques reported previously. The case presented here demonstrates that single‐port laparoscopic herniorrhaphy is feasible, and allows proper placement of an expanded polytetrafluoroethylene intraperitoneal mesh in horses
Review of glucocorticoid therapy in horses. Part 1: Pharmacology
Authors: Cuming R. S. , Groover E. S. , Wooldridge A. A. , Caldwell F. J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis article is the first in a three part review series examining glucocorticoid use in treatment of medical conditions and musculoskeletal disorders of the horse. This article provides a review of the structure and function of corticosteroids together with a summary of the available literature pertaining to the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and indications for use of, and adverse effects associated with, glucocorticoids currently available for use by equine veterinarians.
The remarkable reproductive diversity of teleost fishes
Authors: Smith Carl , Wootton Robert J 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTeleosts display the most striking reproductive diversity of all vertebrates. However, no convincing hypothesis has yet been proposed to explain why they have evolved this remarkable variability in their modes of reproduction. Some of the features of the reproductive biology of teleosts are briefly reviewed, and unique characteristics of the group that may have made possible the evolution of their remarkable reproductive diversity are considered. These include whole‐genome duplication, the mode of differentiation of the gonads and the organization of the brain–pituitary relationship.
Acupuncture in Australia
Authors: O'Sullivan Jack , Del Mar Chris , Barnes Alex , Marron Loretta J 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcupuncture is one of the most commonly accepted forms of alternative therapy in Australia. We have hypothesised that a 2002 World Health Organization (WHO) report on acupuncture, which listed over 90 diseases for which acupuncture may be indicated, but was subsequently withdrawn in 2014, could be contributing to the rise in the popularity of acupuncture. We have determined the prevalence of Australian acupuncturists' websites citing the withdrawn WHO acupuncture report.
Liver transplantation in Japan: Registry by the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society
Authors: Umeshita Koji , Inomata Yukihiro , Furukawa Hiroyuki , Kasahara Mureo , Kawasaki Seiji , Kobayashi Eiji , Kokudo Norihiro , Sakisaka Shotaro , Shimada Mitsuo , Tanaka Eiji , Uemoto Shinji ,   for the Japanese Liver Transplantation Society
Published: February 2016

As of December 31, 2013, a total of 7474 liver transplants have been carried out at 66 institutions in Japan. This total included 7255 living‐donor transplants and 219 deceased‐donor transplants (216 from heart‐beating donors and 3 from non‐heart‐beating donors). The annual total of liver transplants in 2013 decreased to 408, from 422 in 2012. The number of liver transplants from living donors decreased to 369, from 381, whereas the number of liver transplants from heart‐beating deceased donors did not change significantly. The most frequent indication was cholestatic disease, followed by neoplastic disease. In terms of graft liver in living‐donor cases, right‐lobe graft was the most popular (36%). Patient survival following transplantations from heart‐beating donors (1 year, 85.9%; 3 years, 82.6%; 5 years, 81.3%; 10 years, 73.8%) was similar to those from living donors (1 year, 83.8%; 3 years, 79.6%; 5 years, 77.1%; 10 years, 71.9%; 15 years, 67.8%; 20 years, 66.1%). Graft survival was very much the same as patient survival. As for ABO‐incompatible transplantation, transplant period affected the outcome significantly, probably due to local infusion therapy and rituximab prophylaxis, which were introduced in many transplant centers after 2000 and 2004, respectively.
The impact of clinical librarian services on patients and health care organisations
Authors: Brettle Alison , Maden Michelle , Payne Clare 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundSystematic reviews have found limited evidence of effectiveness and impact of clinical librarians (CLs) due to the poor quality of reporting, scale and design of previous studies.ObjectivesTo measure specific CL impact on organisational and patient outcomes using a robust approach that helps CLs develop research skills.MethodsQuestionnaire and interviews.ResultsClinical librarians contribute to a wide range of outcomes in the short and longer term reflecting organisational priorities and objectives. These include direct contributions to choice of intervention (36%) diagnosis (26%) quality of life (25%), increased patient involvement in decision making (26%) and cost savings and risk management including avoiding tests, referrals, readmissions and reducing length of stay (28%).DiscussionInterventions provided by CL's are complex and each contributes to multiple outcomes of importance to health care organisations.ConclusionThis study is unique in taking a wide view of potential and specific impacts to which CLs contribute across health care organisations. It is the largest UK evaluation of CL services to date and demonstrates CLs affect direct patient care, improve quality and save money. Future researchers are urged to use the tools presented to collect data on the same outcomes to build a significant and comprehensive international evidence base about the effectiveness and impact of clinical librarian services.
Antimicrobial activity of Butyl acetate, Ethyl acetate and Isopropyl alcohol on undesirable microorganisms in cosmetic products
Authors: Lens C. , Malet G. , Cupferman S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe microbiological contamination risk of a cosmetic product has to be assessed by the manufacturer, according to the composition, to determine whether microbiological testing is required. Certain ingredients in cosmetic formulations help to create an environment hostile towards microbial growth. In this study, the influence on microbial survival of some solvents used in nail varnishes was evaluated. The purpose of this study was two‐fold. The first was to define the thresholds to be considered for the exemption of products from microbiological testing. The second was to assess the cross‐contamination risk linked to the use on successive consumers of solvent‐based products in beauty salons.MethodsStrains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum were exposed to various concentrations of ethyl acetate, butyl acetate and isopropyl alcohol in culture medium to estimate their MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration). These strains are relevant to cosmetic products as they are associated with skin and nail infections. Mixtures of the three solvents, which are characteristic of nail varnish compositions, were also tested for their cidal activity.ResultsEthyl and butyl acetates had a stronger impact than isopropyl alcohol: the MIC of ethyl and butyl acetate is ≤5% for all of the tested strains, whereas that of isopropyl alcohol is ≤10%. Various combinations of the three solvents tested showed a significant effect on both fungal and bacterial strains (greater than 3 log reduction in 15 min for the bacterial test strains and in 30 min for T. rubrum).ConclusionProducts containing more than 5% ethyl or butyl acetate or more than 10% isopropyl alcohol are hostile towards microbial growth. These products can therefore be considered as microbiologically low risk during both production and use, and so do not require microbiological testing (challenge test and end‐product testing). Moreover, the nine tested mixtures of these three solvents – which are characteristic of nail varnish compositions – all have a high cidal activity on the tested strains within a short time. The risk of cross‐contamination can therefore be considered as controlled when the nail varnishes are applied on successive clients in beauty salons.
Outcomes of artificial urinary sphincter placement in octogenarians
Authors: Ziegelmann Matthew J , Linder Brian J , Rivera Marcelino E , Viers Boyd R , Rangel Laureano J , Elliott Daniel S 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of patient age on device outcomes among patients undergoing primary artificial urinary sphincter.MethodsA total of 1081 male patients who underwent primary artificial urinary sphincter placement from 1983 to 2011 were analyzed, including 91 men (8%) who were aged >80 years at the time of surgery. Revisions and explanations were compared between men stratified by decade of life. Hazard ratios adjusting for competing risks were used to determine the association with age and artificial urinary sphincter device outcomes (infection/erosion, urethral atrophy and malfunction), while overall device failure was estimated using Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis.ResultsPatients aged >80 years were more likely to have coronary disease (P = 0.009), diabetes mellitus (P = 0.04), hypertension (P = 0.002) and lower body mass index (P < 0.0001). On multivariable analysis, patients aged >80 years were significantly more likely to experience device erosion or infection compared with a reference of patients aged <60 years (hazard ratio 4.13; P = 0.046), whereas there was no difference in those patients aged 60–70 years or 70–80 years compared with the reference group (P = 0.56 and 0.45). There was no significant difference in overall device survival between the age‐stratified groups (P = 0.26).ConclusionsAlthough overall artificial urinary sphincter device survival is similar, patients aged >80 years are more likely to experience erosion or infection compared with younger patients. Despite this, the overall device failure rate is low, and artificial urinary sphincter might be considered for appropriately selected and counseled octogenarians.
Documentary analysis of risk‐assessment and safety‐planning policies and tools in a mental health context
Authors: Higgins Agnes , Doyle Louise , Morrissey Jean , Downes Carmel , Gill Ailish , Bailey Sive 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDespite the articulated need for policies and processes to guide risk assessment and safety planning, limited guidance exists on the processes or procedures to be used to develop such policies, and there is no body of research that examines the quality or content of the risk‐management policies developed. The aim of the present study was to analyse the policies of risk and safety management used to guide mental health nursing practice in Ireland. A documentary analysis was performed on 123 documents received from 22 of the 23 directors of nursing contacted. Findings from the analysis revealed a wide variation in how risk, risk assessment, and risk management were defined. Emphasis within the risk documentation submitted was on risk related to self and others, with minimal attention paid to other types of risks. In addition, there was limited evidence of recovery‐focused approaches to positive risk taking that involved service users and their families within the risk‐related documentation. Many of the risk‐assessment tools had not been validated, and lacked consistency or guidance in relation to how they were to be used or applied. The tick‐box approach and absence of space for commentary within documentation have the potential to impact severely on the quality of information collected and documented, and subsequent clinical decision‐making. Managers, and those tasked with ensuring safety and quality, need to ensure that policies and processes are, where possible, informed by best evidence and are in line with national mental health policy on recovery.
A systematic review of prevalence and impact of symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction in identified workforce groups
Authors: Pierce Heather , Perry Lin , Chiarelli Pauline , Gallagher Robyn 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate the prevalence and impact of symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction in identified workforce groups.BackgroundProductivity of workforce groups is a concern for ageing societies. Symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction are associated with ageing and negatively influence psychosocial health. In the general population, lower urinary tract symptoms negatively influence work productivity.DesignA systematic review of observational studies.Data sourcesElectronic searches of four academic databases. Reference lists were scanned for relevant articles. The search was limited to English language publications 1990–2014.Review methodsThe Centre for Reviews and Dissemination procedure guided the review method. Data extraction and synthesis was conducted on studies where the workforce group was identified and the type of pelvic floor dysfunction defined according to accepted terminology. Quality appraisal of studies was performed using a Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool.ResultsTwelve studies were identified of variable quality, all on female workers. Nurses were the most frequently investigated workforce group and urinary incontinence was the most common subtype of pelvic floor dysfunction examined. Lower urinary tract symptoms were more prevalent in the studied nurses than related general populations. No included study investigated pelvic organ prolapse, anorectal or male symptoms or the influence of symptoms on work productivity.ConclusionLower urinary tract symptoms are a significant issue among the female nursing workforce. Knowledge of the influence of symptoms on work productivity remains unknown. Further studies are warranted on the impact of pelvic floor dysfunction subtypes in workforce groups.
Connecting Applied and Theoretical Bayesian Epistemology: Data Relevance, Pragmatics, and the Legal Case of Sally Clark
Authors: Barker Matthew J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this article applied and theoretical epistemologies benefit each other in a study of the British legal case of R. vs. Clark. Clark's first infant died at 11 weeks of age, in December 1996. About a year later, Clark had a second child. After that child died at eight weeks of age, Clark was tried for murdering both infants. Statisticians and philosophers have disputed how to apply Bayesian analyses to this case, and thereby arrived at different judgments about it. By dwelling on this applied case, I make theoretical gains: clarifying and defending pragmatic principles of inference that are important for estimating key probabilities in a range of cases. Then, partly by drawing on such principles, and uncovering overlooked data on post‐partum psychosis, I make applied gains: improving the rationality of judgments about the Sally Clark case in particular, judgments important to future similar cases.
Multidimensional Competition and Corporate Disclosure
Authors: Muiño Flora , Núñez‐Nickel Manuel 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we argue that the influence product market competition exerts on disclosure is defined by the combined effect of the incentives and disincentives to disclose raised by the multiple competition dimensions. We distinguish between firm‐ and industry‐level competition measures, and we hypothesize that the former raises agency and proprietary costs, whereas the latter creates incentives to disclose either to fulfil the owners’ need for information to monitor managers or to deter the entrance of new competitors in the industry. Our research design allows for non‐monotonic relationships between competition and disclosure as well as for interactions between competition dimensions. Using a sample of US manufacturing companies, we gather evidence that is consistent with our hypotheses. First, we find an inverted U‐shape relationship between corporate disclosure and a firm's abnormal profitability, which is suggestive of firms being reluctant to disclose when they are underperforming (outperforming) their rivals because of the fear of unveiling agency conflicts (raising proprietary costs). Second, we observe a U‐shape relationship between corporate disclosure and industry profitability, although this U design evolves to approximate a rising function as the protection provided by entry barriers increases.
Color Correlations among Six Types of Permanent Anterior Teeth
Authors: Lee Yong‐Keun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractStatement of ProblemWhen multiple teeth are missing, the color for missing teeth should be estimated based on the color of remaining teeth.PurposeThe purpose was to determine the strength of color correlations among six types of permanent anterior teeth.MethodsColor of 12 anterior teeth was measured by Shade Vision System for 47 volunteers. The color coordinates in each type of teeth such as maxillary central incisor (MX1), lateral incisor (MX2), and canine (MX3), and mandibular central incisor (MD1), lateral incisor (MD2), and canine (MD3) were determined. Correlations and differences among the corresponding color coordinates of each type of teeth were determined.ResultsCompared with MX1, the differences were in the range of −3.2 to −6.5 in L*, 0.5 to 2.7 in a*, −0.7 to 7.5 in b*, and the color difference (ΔE*ab) was 4.5 to 10.3. The color difference by ΔE00 formula was 3.1–6.7. Although the color coordinates were different by tooth type, they generally showed correlations (p < 0.001).ConclusionsFor the color estimation of missing MX1, the color coordinates of MD1 were the strongest predictors. In case of missing MX3, L* and a* of MD3 and b* of MX1 were the strongest predictors for each corresponding coordinates.Clinical SignificanceThe color for missing teeth, especially for maxillary central incisor and maxillary and mandibular canines, could be estimated based on those of the same type teeth on the opposing arch. These results should be applied for clinical color selection for missing teeth.(J Esthet Restor Dent 28:S5–S13, 2016)
Shade‐induced stem elongation in rice seedlings: Implication of tissue‐specific phytohormone regulation
Authors: Liu Huihui , Yang Chuanwei , Li Lin 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA better understanding of shade avoidance syndrome (SAS) is an urgent need because of its effect on energy reallocation. Leverage‐related mechanism in crops is of potential economic interest for agricultural applications. Here we report the SAS phenotype at tissue level rice seedlings. Tissue‐specific RNA‐sequencing indicates auxin plays different roles between coleoptile and the first leaf. Phenotypes of wild type treated by gibberellin and brassinosteroid biosynthesis inhibitors and of related mutants suggest these two hormones positively regulate SAS. Our work reveals the diversity of hormone responses in different organs and different species in shade conditions.
Late onset dHMN II caused by c.404C>G mutation in HSPB1 gene
Authors: Oberstadt Moritz , Mitter Diana , Classen Joseph , Baum Petra 
Published: February 2016

AbstractDistal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) type II is genetically heterogeneous. We report three siblings of a German family with late onset distal motor neuropathy due to the c.404C>G mutation in heat‐shock 27‐kDa protein 1 gene (HSPB1/HSP27). A 36‐year‐old mutation carrier, daughter of one sibling, did not present any clinical or electrophysiological abnormalities. The index patient (oldest brother) developed weakness of the distal lower limbs and nocturnal muscle cramps at the age of 54. After 5 years this patient developed an l‐DOPA‐responsive hypokinetic rigid syndrome, establishing a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Although none of the three other mutation carriers displayed Parkinsonian signs, a pathogenic relationship with Parkinson's disease remains a possibility, based on the known molecular pathology of HSPB1. The rare pathogenic HSPB1 c.404C>G mutation may predispose for late‐onset of dHMN type II.