bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of End-Stage Renal Disease and Acute Kidney Injury on ICU Outcomes in Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Jeganathan Niranjan , Ahuja Neha , Yau Stephen , Otu Dara , Stein Brian , Balk Robert A. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose: To report the characteristics and outcomes of patients with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU) with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) compared to patients with nonkidney injury (non-KI). Methods: Retrospective study of all patients with sepsis admitted to the ICU of a university hospital within a 12-month time period. Data were obtained from the University Health Consortium database and a chart review of the electronic medical records. Results: We identified 39 cases of ESRD, 106 cases of AKI, and 103 cases of non-KI. Intensive care unit mortality was 15.4% for ESRD, 30.2% for AKI, and 13.6% for non-KI ( P < .01). Hospital mortality was 20.5% for ESRD, 32.1% for AKI, and 13.6% for non-KI ( P < .01). Early AKI and late AKI had an ICU mortality of 24.4% versus 50% ( P <.01), hospital mortality of 26.8% versus 50% ( P = .03), ICU length of stay (LOS) of 3 and 6 days ( P = .04), and hospital LOS of 7 and 12.5 days ( P <.01), respectively. Conclusion: Patients with sepsis having AKI have a higher mortality rate than those with ESRD and non-KI. Hospital and ICU mortality rates for patients with ESRD were similar to non-KI patients. Late AKI compared to early AKI had a higher mortality and longer LOS.
Differences in disease phenotype and severity in SLE across age groups
Authors: Ambrose N , Morgan T A , Galloway J , Ionnoau Y , Beresford M W , Isenberg D A 
Published: May 2016

Objectives Significant differences have been reported in disease phenotype and severity of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presenting in different age groups. Most indicate a more severe phenotype in juvenile-onset SLE (JSLE). There have been limited studies in older patients and no large studies looking at SLE across all age groups. Methods We assessed the effect of age of onset of SLE on the clinical phenotype by analysing data from two large UK cohorts (the UK JSLE Cohort and the UCLH SLE cohort). Results A total of 924 individuals were compared (413 JSLE, 511 adult-onset SLE). A female preponderance was present, but less pronounced at either end of the age spectrum. Arthritis was more common with advancing age (93% vs 72%, p < 0.001), whereas renal disease (44% vs 33%, p = 0.001), alopecia (47% vs 23%, p < 0.001) and aphthous ulcerations (39% vs 26%, p = 0.001) were more common in the young. Neuropsychiatric lupus was less common in mature-onset SLE ( p < 0.01). JSLE was associated more commonly with thrombocytopenia (21% vs 15%, p = 0.01), haemolytic anaemia (20% vs 3%, p < 0.001), high anti-dsDNA (71% vs 63%, p = 0.009), Sm (22% vs 16%, p = 0.02) and RNP (36% vs 29%, p < 0.04) auto-antibodies. Leucopenia increased with advancing age ( p < 0.001). Mortality has been declining over recent decades. However, death rates were substantially higher than the general population. The standardized mortality ratio was 18.3 in JSLE and 3.1 in adult-onset SLE. Conclusion These data from the largest-ever direct comparison of JSLE with adult-onset SLE suggest an aggressive phenotype of disease with a worse outcome in patients with JSLE and emphasizes the importance of careful follow-up in this population.
Dalit Villages in India
Authors: Velusamy M. 
Published: May 2016

This paper aims to discuss the organised efforts for social, economic and political emancipation of Dalits in Tamil Nadu during the pre and post independence years. It also deals with the social status of Dalits in Tamil Nadu in the context of the implementation of the constitutional provisions. Section 1 attempts to provide an overview of Dalit settlements in India. Section 2 gives a profile ofDalit settlements in Tamil Nadu. Section 3 presents the methodology of the micro study while Section 4 presents the findings of the micro study.
RDoC and shift of reference
Authors: Castro-de-Araujo Luis FS , Levy Neil , Kanaan Richard AA 
Published: May 2016

Objective: This paper aims to analyse in a philosophically informed way the recent National Institute of Mental Health proposal for the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework. Conclusion: Current classification systems have helped unify psychiatry and the conditions that it is most concerned with. However, by relying too much on syndromes and symptoms, they too often do not define stable constructs. As a result, inclusions and removals from the manuals are not always backed by sound reasons. The RDoC framework is an important move towards ameliorating matters. This paper argues that it improves the current situation by re-referencing constructs to physical properties (biomarkers for disorders, for example), by allowing theoretical levels within the framework, and by treating psychiatry as a special case of the cognitive sciences.
The importance of taking a religious and spiritual history
Authors: Payman Vahid 
Published: May 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to explain the reasons for taking a religious and spiritual history, which is often neglected by psychiatrists, and to introduce some religious and spiritual assessment tools to assist those psychiatrists who feel inexperienced in this area. Conclusion: Religious and spiritual assessment enhances quality of patient care. Training programs for psychiatry registrars need to include modules on religious and spiritual assessment of patients.
Highly-conductive energetic coherent interfaces subject to in-plane degradation
Authors: Esmaeili Ali , Javili Ali , Steinmann Paul 
Published: May 2016

The presence of an interface can influence the thermo-mechanical response of a body. This influence is especially pronounced at small scales where the interface area to bulk volume ratio significantly increases. Since the thermo-mechanical properties of an interface can differ from those of the bulk, within interface continuum theory an interface is endowed with its own thermo-mechanical energetic structure. To date, the effects of interface in-plane damage on the thermo-mechanical response of a highly conductive interface have not been accounted for. Therefore in this contribution the computational aspects of thermo-mechanical solids containing highly conductive interfaces subject to in-plane degradation are studied. To this end, the equations governing a fully non-linear transient problem are given. They are solved using the finite element method. The results are illustrated through a series of three-dimensional numerical examples for various interfacial parameters. In particular a comparison is made between the results of the intact and the degraded highly conductive interface formulation.
Participatory design in education materials in a health care context
Authors: Smith Frida , Wallengren Catarina , Öhlén Joakim 
Published: May 2016

Written patient education material, for example, discharge-information is commonly used in hospital settings. Despite following guidelines on how to best present text and using patients as consultants, improvements can still be made from a patient’s perspective.Here, we describe the process of developing patient education material using a participatory design methodology, with patients, clinicians, researchers and designers working as co-designers following a structured process map. The method emphasises coping with conflicting interests and using this as a source of development. The philosophies behind action research and person-centred care were combined in a practical setting, enhancing both perspectives and generating actionable knowledge to be further used in patient involvement projects. The results reveal that predominant areas of tensions focused on power, organization, content and clinical usability. This study is one of the first to involve patients as co-designers of education materials in the health care context, and not only as consultants. Working as co-designers was found to be productive and in line with person-centred care philosophy, with focus on partnership and equality. The results of this study can therefore benefit both patients and other relevant stakeholders in the healthcare system in developing written patient education materials.
Informal Virtual Mentoring for Team Leaders and Members
Authors: Hart Rama Kaye 
Published: May 2016

The Problem Leaders and members of virtual teams do not always have the opportunity to seek training and development to overcome the challenges of being culturally and geographically distant, nor the serendipitous exchanges afforded by proximity to work associates who might provide mentoring for personal or professional guidance. How then might organizations and human resource development (HRD) professionals foster relationships that are supportive in nature, considered critical for many outcomes associated with individual and leadership development and virtual team success? The Solution Drawing on the theoretical perspective that communication is constitutive of social, psychological and organizational realities, a conceptual model was developed through an interpretive study. The model highlights how informal developmental relationships emerge, what type of communication constitutes these relationships, and the impact they have on leaders and members of virtual work teams. The Stakeholders The results of this study have implications for leaders and members who work virtually and for HRD professionals seeking strategies to create and improve informal developmental relationships through the medium of virtual work team communication. Opportunities exist for researchers to explore the effectiveness and outcomes of building developmental relationships in virtual contexts.
A Qualitative Study of Leader Transition and Polarities
Authors: Manderscheid Steven , Harrower Nancy L. 
Published: May 2016

The Problem Leaders frequently transition from one organization into another. Leader transitions can be fraught with challenges as new leaders try to adapt to a new culture, team, and work processes. At no time during their career are leaders more vulnerable to failure as when they are in transition. The Solution The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore leader transition and polarity. The researchers identified whether polarities existed during a leader’s transition from one leadership role into another and identified strategies leaders use to manage such polarities. Five polarities were identified: (a) Drive Change/Maintain Status Quo, (b) Work/Family, (c) Tradition/Innovation, (d) Action/Reflection, and (e) Task/Relationships. Furthermore, five strategies were used to manage polarities: (a) Collaborating, (b) Learning, (c) Developing Talent, (d) Reflecting (on Self), and (e) Decision-Making. By understanding the concepts and ramifications of polarities, it is hoped that newly transitioning leaders will be able to recognize and adjust to situations in which polarities may arise. Stakeholders The stakeholders include leaders in transition, leadership development professionals, executive coaches, and human resource management. These professionals should consider this research when they work to develop the capacity of their leadership talent.
The Electoral Determinants of State Welfare Effort in the U.S. South, 1960–2008
Authors: Terry William C. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article examines the impact of electoral politics on state welfare policy in the post-civil rights era South. In contrast to an emerging consensus concluding that southern African Americans materially benefited from rejoining the electorate, this study suggests that higher black registration rates actually reduced states' poverty relief efforts. In the years immediately following the Voting Rights Act (VRA), when Democrats controlled state government, the significant negative relationship between the size of the black electorate and state welfare generosity was moderated to some extent by high levels of partisan competition. In such cases, Democrats ostensibly chose a “core” targeting strategy of pursuing lower-income votes and had the institutional wherewithal to purchase these votes with policy concessions. Overall, however, the liberal “Downsian” policy response to African American mobilization was dominated by an antiredistributive response. In the South, welfare policies were relatively conservative vis-à-vis the other states during Jim Crow and became more so in response to black voting.
Prostate Cancer Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging at 1.5 and 3.0 T
Authors: Chen Huiyou , Sutedjo Janesya , Wang Liwei , Yin Xindao 
Published: May 2016

Objective: We sought to assess the value of 1.5-T and 3-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging in the diagnosis of prostate cancer by meta-analysis. Methods: Prospective studies were selected from MEDLINE, PubMed, Science Direct, OVID, and Springer between January 2004 and June 2014. Studies were reviewed based on Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies criteria. Any publication bias was assessed using Deek funnel plot asymmetry test. Pooled sensitivities, specificities, positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios, and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Summary receiver–operating characteristic curves were used to assess the results. Results: A total of 17 articles were included in this study. The area under the curve values of 1.5-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging with the use of an endorectal coil, 1.5-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging without the use of an endorectal coil, and 3.0-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging without the use of an endorectal coil were 0.90 ± 0.03, 0.75 ± 0.03, and 0.93 ± 0.02, respectively. Conclusion: Three-tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging without the use of an endorectal coil and 1.5-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging with the use of an endorectal coil both had similar applied values compared to the lower applied value of 1.5-T magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging without the use of an endorectal coil.
Comprehensive and differential long-term characterization of the alpha-galactosidase A deficient mouse model of Fabry disease focusing on the sensory system and pain development
Authors: Üçeyler Nurcan , Biko Lydia , Hose Dorothea , Hofmann Lukas , Sommer Claudia 
Published: May 2016

Background Fabry disease is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder due to impaired activity of alpha-galactosidase A with intracellular accumulation of globotriaosylceramide. Associated small fiber pathology leads to characteristic pain in Fabry disease. We systematically assessed sensory system, physical activity, metabolic parameters, and morphology of male and female mice with alpha-galactosidase A deficiency (Fabry ko) from 2 to 27 months of age and compared results with those of age- and gender-matched wild-type littermates of C57Bl/6J background. Results From the age of two months, male and female Fabry mice showed mechanical hypersensitivity ( p < 0.001 each) compared to wild-type littermates. Young Fabry ko mice of both genders were hypersensitive to heat stimulation ( p < 0.01) and developed heat hyposensitivity with aging ( p < 0.05), while cold hyposensitivity was present constantly in young ( p < 0.01) and old ( p < 0.05) Fabry ko mice compared to wild-type littermates. Stride angle increased only in male Fabry ko mice with aging ( p < 0.01) in comparison to wild-type littermates. Except for young female mice, male ( p < 0.05) and female ( p < 0.01) Fabry ko mice had a higher body weight than wild-type littermates. Old male Fabry ko mice were physically less active than their wild-type littermates ( p < 0.05), had lower chow intake ( p < 0.001), and lost more weight ( p < 0.001) in a one-week treadmill experiment than wild-type littermates. Also, Fabry ko mice showed spontaneous pain protective behavior and developed orofacial dysmorphism resembling patients with Fabry disease. Conclusions Mice with alpha-galactosidase A deficiency show age-dependent and distinct deficits of the sensory system. alpha-galactosidase A-deficient mice seem to model human Fabry disease and may be helpful when studying the pathophysiology of Fabry-associated pain.
Peripheral nerve injury induces loss of nociceptive neuron-specific Gαi-interacting protein in neuropathic pain rat
Authors: Liu Zhen , Wang Fei , Fischer Gregory , Hogan Quinn H. , Yu Hongwei 
Published: May 2016

Background Gαi-interacting protein (GINIP) is expressed specifically in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and functions in modulation of peripheral gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GBR). Genetic deletion of GINIP leads to impaired responsiveness to GBR agonist-mediated analgesia in rodent. It is, however, not defined whether nerve injury changes GINIP expression. Results Immunolabeling with validated antibody revealed GINIP expression in ∼40% of total lumbar DRG neurons in normal adult rats. GINIP immunoreactivity was detected in ∼80% of IB4-positive (nonpeptidergic) and ∼30% of CGRP-positive (peptidergic) neurons. GINIP immunoreactivity in the spinal cord dorsal horn was colabeled with IB4 and partially with CGRP. In addition, GINIP was expressed in DRG neurons immunopositive for GBR1, GBR2, Gαi(s), and Gαo and was also extensively colabeled with multiple nociceptive neuronal markers, including Trpv1, NaV1.7, CaV2.2α1b, CaV3.2α1b, TrkA, and Trek2. Peripheral nerve injury by L5 spinal nerve ligation significantly decreased the proportion of GINIP immunoreactivity-positive neurons from 40 ± 8.4% to 0.8 ± 0.1% ( p < 0.01, mean ± SD, four weeks after spinal nerve ligation) and the total GINIP protein to 1.3% ± 0.04% of its basal level ( p < 0.01, n = 6 animals in each group, two weeks after spinal nerve ligation) in the ipsilateral L5 DRGs. Conclusion Our results show that GINIP is predominantly expressed by small nonpeptidergic nociceptive neurons and that nerve injury triggers loss of GINIP expression. Signal transduction roles of GINIP may be diverse as it colabeled with various subgroups of nociceptive neurons. Future studies may investigate details of the signaling mechanism engaged by GINIP, as well as the pathophysiological significance of lost expression of GINIP in neuropathic pain.
Accidental alfaxalone overdose in a mature cat undergoing anaesthesia for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Bayldon Wendy , Carter Jennifer E , Beths Thierry , Warne Leon N , Whittem Ted , Martinez Lorena , Bauquier Sébastien H 
Published: May 2016

Case summary This case report describes the clinical signs and treatment of an alfaxalone 10 times overdose in a 12-year-old cat undergoing anaesthesia for MRI. The cat was discharged from hospital following a prolonged recovery including obtunded mentation and cardiorespiratory depression for several hours following cessation of anaesthesia. The cat received supportive therapy that included supplemental oxygen via a face mask, intravenous crystalloid fluids and active rewarming. The benefits of using alfaxalone for maintenance of anaesthesia, its pharmacokinetics and previously reported lethal doses are discussed. Strategies for reducing the incidence of medication errors are presented. Relevance and novel information An unintentional overdose of alfaxalone by continuous rate infusion has not been reported previously in a cat. Treatment is supportive and directed towards maintenance of the cardiorespiratory systems. Whenever possible, smart pumps that have been designed to reduce human error should be used to help prevent medication errors associated with continuous rate infusions.
Operation for infected thrombus in the false lumen after ascending aortic repair for acute aortic dissection
Authors: Ohki Shin-ichi , Aoyama Yutaka , Takazawa Ippei , Sato Hirotaka , Sakano Yasuhito , Misawa Yoshio 
Published: May 2016

Background: Aortic dissection requires operation for some reasons. Methods: We experienced a case for infected thrombus caused by Escherichia coli in the false lumen of the descending aorta 3 years after ascending aortic replacement for acute aortic dissection. Results: A deep sternal wound infection caused by Staphylococcus species after the initial surgery had been successfully treated with both administration of antibiotics for 8 weeks and omental transfer. Replacement of the descending aorta resulted in successful outcomes. Conclusion: A thrombosed false lumen with a low blood flow may be vulnerable to bacteremia.
Style classification and visualization of art painting’s genre using self-organizing maps
Authors: Lee Sang-Geol , Cha Eui-Young 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWith the spread of digitalization of art paintings, research on diverse scientific approaches on painted images has become active. In this paper, the method of classifying painting styles by extracting various features from paintings is suggested. Global features are extracted using the color-based statistical computation and composition-based local features of paintings are extracted through the segmentation of objects within the paintings to classify the styles of the paintings. Based on the extracted features, paintings are categorized by style using SOM, which are then analyzed through visualization using the map. We have proved the feasibility of the proposed method of categorizing paintings by style, and the objective features of paintings can contribute to the research on art history and aesthetics.
Socio-cultural aspects of gender-based violence and its impacts on women’s health in South Asia
Authors: Bishwajit Ghose , Sarker Sajeeb , Yaya Sanni 
Published: May 2016

This review attempts to shed light on the socio-cultural roots of gender-based violence (GBV) and its impact on women's health with a special reference to reproductive health in the context of South Asia. It also identifies the policy and capacity gaps that impede the implementation of gender-related development goals and makes recommendations in light of the ongoing situation. Led by the growing recognition of the pivotal importance of women’s and child’s health in national development processes, the issues surrounding gender-based violence (GBV) are being given increasing prominence in the global public health agenda. However, developing regions such as South Asia and Sub Saharan Africa are lagging far behind in this respect and failing to prioritize and implement gender-related development strategies. South Asian nations in their pursuance of gender-related goals are faced with host of infrastructure issues in financing, policy guidance, implementation and legislation terms. This study highlights the fact that GBV is essentially a socio-cultural issue which calls for developing gender-sensitive social policies and making strategic investment to promote social capital tailored especially to promote a more nuanced view of women’s health and human rights. Method: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Embase, Ovid MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Web of Science were searched for original and review articles published between January of 2000 to July of 2015. Boolean search was performed to identify suitable articles relating to GBV conducted on South Asia (Bangladesh, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Sri Lanka) by using the following search terms: South Asia, GBV, IPV (intimate partner violence), domestic violence, women’s health, reproductive health, risk factors, perpetrator, sexual abuse. Reference lists were searched manually for articles relevant to this study (snowballing). One volunteer from each country included in the study helped in reviewing renowned local media reports and constitutions to gather policy information germane to GBV issues.