bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations between loot box purchasing and gambling behaviours, financial problems, and low mental wellbeing in a household sample from a British island, a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wilson Charley , Butler Nadia , Quigg Zara , Sumnall Harry 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aim
This study estimated the prevalence of loot box purchasing and associated sociodemographic factors in a general population of a British island, and explored relationships between loot box purchasing and gambling behaviours, financial problems, and mental wellbeing.

Subject and methods
A cross-sectional survey was undertaken using representative household and supplementary convenience samples with (n = 1,234) residents of a British island aged 16 + years. The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) was used to assess gambling harm. Financial problems in the past year were defined as having been behind with payments for expenses. The Short Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale was used to measure mental wellbeing. Purchasing loot boxes in the past year was measured via self-report as: ‘In the last 12 months, have you purchased in-game loot boxes (e.g. weapons, armour, players for a virtual sports team)?’. Analyses were performed using χ2 and binary logistic regressions.

Results
5.9% of participants purchased loot boxes in the past year. There was no significant association between purchasing loot boxes and PGSI score. After controlling for sociodemographics and PGSI score, those who purchased loot boxes in the past year were 3.39 (1.42–8.11; p < 0.01) times more likely to experience financial problems, and 2.99 times (1.46–6.13; p < 0.01) more likely to have low mental wellbeing, compared to those who didn’t purchase loot boxes.

Conclusion
Findings in the current study suggest that purchasing loot boxes is associated with increased odds of experiencing financial problems and low mental wellbeing, independently of gambling behaviours.
BRCA promoter methylation in triple-negative breast cancer is preserved in xenograft models and represents a potential therapeutic marker for PARP inhibitors
Authors: Däster Kavitha , Hench Jürgen , Diepenbruck Maren , Volkmann Katrin , Rouchon Adelin , Palafox Marta , Miragaya Jorge Gomez , Preca Bogdan Tiberius , Kurzeder Christian , Weber Walter Paul , Bentires-Alj Mohamed , Soysal Savas Deniz , Muenst Simone 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Most triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) are sporadic in nature and often associated with dysfunction of the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. Since somatic BRCA mutations are rare in breast cancer (BC), this dysfunction frequently is the result of BRCA promoter methylation. Despite the phenotypic similarities of these tumors to those with germline or somatic BRCA mutation, the evidence of response to PARP inhibitors is unclear.

Methods
We analyzed the prevalence of BRCA promoter methylation in 29 BC metastases through the well-established Illumina Infinium EPIC Human Methylation Bead Chip. In cases with BRCA methylation, the xenograft of the same tumor was tested. Additionally, we compared BC xenografts with an identified BRCA methylation to their matched primary tumors and subsequently investigated the efficacy of PARP inhibitors on tumor organoids from a BRCA2 promoter-methylated BC.

Results

BRCA2 promotor hypermethylation was identified in one pleural metastasis of a young patient as well as in the xenograft tissue. We also identified five more xenograft models with BRCA2 promotor hypermethylation. Analysis of one matched primary tumor confirmed the same BRCA2 methylation. PARP inhibitor treatment of tumor organoids derived from the BRCA2 methylated xenograft tumor tissue of the young patient showed a significant decline in cell viability, similar to organoids with somatic BRCA1 mutation, while having no effect on organoids with BRCA1 wildtype.

Conclusion

BRCA promotor hypermethylation seems to be a rare event in metastatic BC but is preserved in subsequent xenograft models and might represent an attractive therapeutic marker for PARP inhibitors.
Relationship between social media use and critical thinking in university students
Authors: Galindo-Domínguez Héctor , Bezanilla María José , Campo Lucía 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlthough part of their use is intended for leisure, social networks could be a useful tool for developing students’ critical thinking. Nevertheless, this relationship could also be influenced by our competence in learning to learn, that is to say, our knowledge, skills, and attitudes associated with self-regulation, metacognition, use of learning strategies, and problem-solving. To test this hypothesis, 301 university students participated (M = 19.83; SD = 3.17). The results showed which functions of social media related to information, content creation, and problem-solving were associated with a higher level of Learning to Learn competence and of Critical Thinking. However, the different functions of social media use were poor predictors of Critical Thinking, with the best predictor of critical thinking being the competence of learning to learn. Finally, in students with a low competence in learning to learn, a greater interaction with their immediate environment (e.g. friends, family…) or with their teachers or peers through social media was associated with a higher development of critical thinking. Moreover, in students with a high competence in learning to learn, a greater use of social media to solve academic problems was associated with a higher development of critical thinking. These results shed some light on the potential benefits that the use of social media could bring in both formal and informal settings, as well as the need to work among university students on some of the main aspects of the learning to learn competence, like metacognition, self-regulation or problem-solving, to develop critical thinking.
The Effect of a training program based on the (TAWOCK) model for teaching computational thinking skills on teaching self- efficacy among female computer teachers
Authors: Alqahtani Remsh Nasser , Almassaad Ahmad Zaid 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of research is to reveal the effect of a training program based on the TAWOCK model for teaching computational thinking skills on teaching self-efficacy among computer teachers. It used the quasi-experimental approach, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. An electronic training program based on the TAWOCK model was designed, and prepared (teaching self-efficacy scale). The research sample included (42) female teachers in the experimental group, and (39) female teachers in the control group. The research reached: There was a statistically significant difference at the level (α ≤ 0.05) between the mean scores of computer teachers in the experimental and control groups in the post application; In favor of the experimental group, the value of the ETA square for the total scale of teaching self-efficacy was (0.613); Which indicates the size of significant impact on the self-teaching effectiveness of female computer teachers. There was also a statistically significant difference at the level (α ≤ 0.05) between the mean scores of computer teachers in the experimental group in the pre and post applications; In favor of the post application, the value of Cohen’s coefficient for the total scale of teaching self-efficacy was (1.26).
Development of an e-governance system to support cooperative environmental policy actions
Authors: Princz-Jakovics Tibor , Szemenyei Márton 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe quality of the digital infrastructure supporting decisions is an important factor in the preparation phase of any environmental policy action, and this quality can greatly reduce the level of transaction costs. However, the development of a solution for Coaseian bargaining raises several unsolved technical problems to be able to efficiently decrease external costs. Here, we show the recommended structure of an information and communication technology (ICT)-based software infrastructure that aims to guide relevant stakeholders to achieve environmental deals and enhance green innovations. After reviewing the existing methods, practical solutions, and economics of transaction costs, we selected the design process of a new platform. We identified the functionality modules of the ICT infrastructure with descriptions of the features. Our results demonstrated that the establishment of an ICT-based e-governance system featuring participatory modeling could efficiently reduce transaction costs based on the widely used typology of them. We found that our platform could improve the involvement of any group of stakeholders through collaboration. Furthermore, we elaborate on the assessment of risks and evaluate the potential to avoid serious risks during the implementation or operation of the system. We anticipate our paper to be an initial step in the implementation of an innovative platform for the interested parties of environmental policy actions.
Fast Track Intervention Effects and Mechanisms of Action Through Established Adulthood
Authors: McCabe George , Godwin Jennifer W. , Rothenberg W. Andrew , Goulter Natalie , Lansford Jennifer E. ,   Conduct Problems Prevention Research Group, Bierman Karen L. , Coie John D. , Crowley D. Max , Dodge Kenneth A. , Greenberg Mark T. , Lochman John E. , McMahon Robert J. , Pinderhughes Ellen E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEarly preventive interventions can improve outcomes in childhood, but the most effective interventions can continue to deliver benefits through the life course. The Fast Track intervention, a randomized controlled trial for children at risk of conduct problems, has lowered psychopathology, substance use problems, and criminality and elevated happiness at age 25. However, research has not studied whether the intervention’s effects continue further into established adulthood. In addition, little is known about the mechanisms through which the intervention may affect adult outcomes. We attempted to answer both questions by simultaneously estimating the intervention’s direct effect on adult outcomes at age 31 and the intervention’s indirect effects on those outcomes via interpersonal, intrapersonal, and academic competencies gained through the intervention. Participants included the Fast Track intervention (n = 445; 72.4% male) and high-risk control samples (n = 446; 66.4% male). Direct and total effects of random assignment to Fast Track on age 31 outcomes were not significant. However, our analyses showed that Fast Track’s improvements to interpersonal and intrapersonal skills in childhood served as catalysts for better life outcomes at age 31. Higher interpersonal skills led to fewer externalizing, internalizing, and substance use problems, reduced criminality and sexual partners, in addition to increased general health and full-time employment. Improved intrapersonal skills led to greater strength. There were no significant indirect pathways via academic skills. Our findings inform understanding of how a childhood preventive intervention can improve adjustment and behaviors into established adulthood.
Assessing transparency and methodological precision in variable measurement within organizational research: implications for validity
Authors: Øby Elise 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the call for enhanced transparency in methodological reporting by critically assessing methodological rigor and transparency, particularly in variable measurement, within primary cross-sectional survey-based research in organizational studies. Through a combined approach of scoping review for systematic literature identification and qualitative analysis, instances of inadequate reporting transparency and lack of methodological rigor are revealed. Analyzing data from 68 published studies, the findings highlight unclear construct definitions and a consistent absence of theoretical limitations when presenting study findings, pointing to a need for better reporting transparency. Additionally, the study uncovers the presence of elusive links between variable constructs and measures, and misplaced claims of prior validation for measurement instruments, indicating a lack of methodological rigor. Collectively, these findings challenge the interpretation and validity of research results, potentially leading to misconceptions and misinterpretations about what is known about the variable(s) in question. In turn, this may lead to researchers and practitioners basing their research or practice on flawed assumptions about what a group of studies is saying or indicating. While acknowledging prior recommendations on variable measurement and transparency, this study brings renewed focus to these areas. It also explores the role of measurement proficiency, debating whether the observed limitations reflect ethical concerns or are indicative of researchers’ capabilities in variable measurement, validity assessment, and reporting.
Using a Feminist Approach to Classify Women and Girls’ Charitable Organisations
Authors: Dowrick Lorna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWomen and girls’ organisations (WGOs) are a fundamental part of the voluntary and community sector (VCS) and wider society. They have a unique history and development as a sub-set of the wider VCS and have been pivotal in meeting important needs for women and girls, yet existing analysis of the VCS using data from the Charity Commission for England and Wales (CCEW) has not previously focused on WGOs. The purpose of this paper is to present a feminist approach to identifying and classifying WGOs utilising data from the CCEW register. The paper provides a detailed exploration of the methodological approach and argues that such an approach to compiling and analysing datasets is both necessary and advantageous in exposing areas of power and contestation. The paper provides an original overview of the scope of WGOs in England and Wales between 2008 and 2018 and also demonstrates benefits that can be applied in other classification work within the field.
Creating respiratory pathogen-free environments in healthcare and nursing-care settings: a comprehensive review
Authors: Nagy Attila , Czitrovszky Aladár , Lehoczki Andrea , Farkas Árpád , Füri Péter , Osán János , Groma Veronika , Kugler Szilvia , Micsinai Adrienn , Horváth Alpár , Ungvári Zoltán , Müller Veronika 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHospital- and nursing-care-acquired infections are a growing problem worldwide, especially during epidemics, posing a significant threat to older adults in geriatric settings. Intense research during the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the prominent role of aerosol transmission of pathogens. Aerosol particles can easily adsorb different airborne pathogens, carrying them for a long time. Understanding the dynamics of airborne pathogen transmission is essential for controlling the spread of many well-known pathogens, like the influenza virus, and emerging ones like SARS-CoV-2. Particles smaller than 50 to 100 µm remain airborne and significantly contribute to pathogen transmission. This review explores the journey of pathogen-carrying particles from formation in the airways, through airborne travel, to deposition in the lungs. The physicochemical properties of emitted particles depend on health status and emission modes, such as breathing, speaking, singing, coughing, sneezing, playing wind instruments, and medical interventions. After emission, sedimentation and evaporation primarily determine particle fate. Lung deposition of inhaled aerosol particles can be studied through in vivo, in vitro, or in silico methods. We discuss several numerical lung models, such as the Human Respiratory Tract Model, the LUng Dose Evaluation Program software (LUDEP), the Stochastic Lung Model, and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques, and real-time or post-evaluation methods for detecting and characterizing these particles. Various air purification methods, particularly filtration, are reviewed for their effectiveness in healthcare settings. In the discussion, we analyze how this knowledge can help create environments with reduced PM2.5 and pathogen levels, enhancing safety in healthcare and nursing-care settings. This is particularly crucial for protecting older adults, who are more vulnerable to infections due to weaker immune systems and the higher prevalence of chronic conditions. By implementing effective airborne pathogen control measures, we can significantly improve health outcomes in geriatric settings.
Generation of a virtual cohort of TAVI patients for in silico trials: a statistical shape and machine learning analysis
Authors: Scuoppo Roberta , Castelbuono Salvatore , Cannata Stefano , Gentile Giovanni , Agnese Valentina , Bellavia Diego , Gandolfo Caterina , Pasta Salvatore 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
In silico trials using computational modeling and simulations can complement clinical trials to improve the time-to-market of complex cardiovascular devices in humans. This study aims to investigate the significance of synthetic data in developing in silico trials for assessing the safety and efficacy of cardiovascular devices, focusing on bioprostheses designed for transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI).

Methods
A statistical shape model (SSM) was employed to extract uncorrelated shape features from TAVI patients, enabling the augmentation of the original patient population into a clinically validated synthetic cohort. Machine learning techniques were utilized not only for risk stratification and classification but also for predicting the physiological variability within the original patient population.

Results
By randomly varying the statistical shape modes within a range of ± 2σ, a hundred virtual patients were generated, forming the synthetic cohort. Validation against the original patient population was conducted using morphological measurements. Support vector machine regression, based on selected shape modes (principal component scores), effectively predicted the peak pressure gradient across the stenosis (R-squared of 0.551 and RMSE of 11.67 mmHg). Multilayer perceptron neural network accurately predicted the optimal device size for implantation with high sensitivity and specificity (AUC = 0.98).

Conclusion
The study highlights the potential of integrating computational predictions, advanced machine learning techniques, and synthetic data generation to improve predictive accuracy and assess TAVI-related outcomes through in silico trials.

Graphical Abstract
Studies on the Corrosion Performance of CP-Ti and Zr-4 in Hot Nitric Acid with Formaldehyde for Aqueous Reprocessing Applications
Authors: Vanithakumari S. C. , Nandakumar T. , Thinaharan C. , Shankar A. Ravi , Ningshen S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe robust performance of components within nuclear fuel reprocessing plants, especially in environments characterized by hostility, corrosion, and radioactivity, is imperative for ensuring seamless plant operations. Nitric acid serves as the primary process medium in the complex chemical processes involved in reprocessing spent fuel. While 304L SS is conventionally employed for nitric acid service in these plants, there is an ongoing exploration of alternative candidates such as titanium (Ti), zirconium (Zr) and their alloys. This study focuses on assessing the performance of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and zirconium alloy (Zr-4) in nitric acid with formaldehyde at 80 °C. The corrosion rate of the Zr-4 sample, immersed in nitric acid with formaldehyde for two weeks at 80 °C, was negligible when compared to the commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) sample under the same conditions. Comprehensive characterization of the oxide film formed on the surface of CP-Ti and Zr-4 samples was achieved through field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), as well as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion behavior of both Ti and Zr-4 samples in nitric acid containing formaldehyde was systematically evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results revealed enhanced corrosion resistance for both CP-Ti and Zr-4 samples. Consequently, this study suggests that titanium and zirconium may be considered as suitable candidates for the process equipments handling hot nitric acid with formaldehyde in the aqueous reprocessing of spent fuel.
High-Grade Progression, Sarcomatous Transformation, and/or Metastasis of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms (PitNENs): The UCSF Experience
Authors: Terry Merryl , Nguyen Minh P. , Tang Vivian , Guney Ekin , Bharani Krishna L. , Dahiya Sonika , Choutka Ondrej , Borys Ewa , Reis Gerald , Blevins Lewis , Aghi Manish K. , Kunwar Sandeep , DeGroot John , Raleigh David R. , Pekmezci Melike , Bollen Andrew W. , Cha Soonmee , Joseph Nancy M. , Perry Arie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET) that metastasize comprise ~ 0.2% of adenohypophyseal tumors are aggressive and are challenging to treat. However, many non-metastatic tumors are also aggressive. Herein, we review 21 specimens from 13 patients at UCSF with metastatic PitNETs (CSF or systemic, N = 7 patients), high-grade pituitary neuroendocrine neoplasms (HG-PitNEN, N = 4 patients), and/or PitNETs with sarcomatous transformation (PitNET-ST, N = 5 patients). We subtyped cases using the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) criteria for neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Lineage subtypes included acidophil stem cell, null cell, thyrotroph, corticotroph, lactotroph, and gonadotroph tumors. The median Ki-67 labeling index was 25% (range 5–70%). Lack of p16 was seen in 3 cases, with overexpression in 2. Strong diffuse p53 immunopositivity was present in 3 specimens from 2 patients. Loss of Rb expression was seen in 2 cases, with ATRX loss in one. Molecular analysis in 4 tumors variably revealed TERT alterations, homozygous CDKN2A deletion, aneuploidy, and mutations in PTEN, TP53, PDGFRB, and/or PIK3CA. Eight patients (62%) died of disease, 4 were alive at the last follow-up, and 1 was lost to the follow-up. All primary tumors had worrisome features, including aggressive lineage subtype, high mitotic count, and/or high Ki-67 indices. Additional evidence of high-grade progression included immunohistochemical loss of neuroendocrine, transcription factor, and/or hormone markers. We conclude that metastatic PitNET is not the only high-grade form of pituitary NEN. If further confirmed, these histopathologic and/or molecular features could provide advanced warning of biological aggressiveness and be applied towards a future grading scheme.