bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Latent Fingerprints by Nanomaterial: An Update
Authors: Singh Shailja , Minj Kimee Hiuna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
With the development of science and technology, forensics has become a more attractive scientific subject to study, and the field of nanoforensic research has seen a lot of interest in nanomaterials. Fingerprints are crucial pieces of evidence at each crime scene, and future fingerprint investigations could greatly benefit from nano-based procedures. In terms of tangible evidence for proving a person’s identity, fingerprints have historically been and now are considered to be the most valuable sort. The prints left behind at a crime scene are typically latent (invisible) fingerprints; therefore, the distinctive ridge details of fingerprints can be obtained by coating various object surfaces with various nanoparticles, with gold being the most popular choice. These nanoparticles include silver, zinc oxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, gold, carbon, and silica. Latent fingerprints can be made better and more stable using nanoparticles. This review study concentrates on the employment of various nanomaterials in the creation and identification of latent fingerprints as a consequence.
Monte Carlo Simulation for the Radixact™ Tomotherapy Linac Using EGSnrc
Authors: Makrani Danial Seifi , Nedaei Hassan Ali , Geraily Ghazale , Khorami-Moghaddam Alireza , Banaee Nooshin , Jassim Hussam 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
When exact information regarding the treatment head and initial electron beam is available, the Monte Carlo (MC) approach can properly simulate any linear accelerator. However, manufacturers seldom offer information such as the incident electron beam’s energy, radial intensity (spot size), or angular spread. This research aims to forecast these features and verify an MC-simulated linear accelerator model using measurements.

Materials and Methods:
The BEAMnrc code simulated a 6 MV photon beam from a Radixact™ Tomotherapy Linac. Percentage depth dose and beam profile calculations were conducted using DOSYXZnrc by various electron energies and spot sizes and compared to measurements using a Gamma index with two distinct criterion sets. Furthermore, the fine-tuned electron energy and spot size profiles were created to minimize any disparities using distinct angle spreads. Finally, the output factors (OFs) for various field sizes were compared.

Results:
The MC model’s fine-tuned electron energy was determined to be 5.8 MeV, with 88.6% of the calculation points passing the 1%/1 mm γ test. A circular radial intensity of 1.4 mm best represented the 6 MV photon beam regarding spot size. Furthermore, a mean angular spread of 0.05 reduced the disparity in cross-field profile between computation and measurement. The most considerable disparities between the MC model OFs and observations were 1.5%.

Conclusion:
Using the BEAMnrc code, a reliable MC model of the Radixact™ Tomotherapy Linac can be created, as shown in this paper. This model can be used to compute dose distributions with confidence.
Retrospective Comparison of Geometrical Accuracy among Atlas-based Auto-segmentation, Deep Learning Auto-segmentation, and Deformable Image Registration in the Treatment Replanning for Adaptive Radiotherapy of Head-and-Neck Cancer
Authors: Nagayasu Yukari , Inui Shoki , Ueda Yoshihiro , Masaoka Akira , Tominaga Masahide , Miyazaki Masayoshi , Konishi Koji 
Published: September 2024

Aims:
This study aimed to evaluate the geometrical accuracy of atlas-based auto-segmentation (ABAS), deformable image registration (DIR), and deep learning auto-segmentation (DLAS) in adaptive radiotherapy (ART) for head-and-neck cancer (HNC).

Subjects and Methods:
Seventeen patients who underwent replanning for ART were retrospectively studied, and delineated contours on their replanning computed tomography (CT2) images were delineated. For DIR, the planning CT image (CT1) of the evaluated patients was utilized. In contrast, ABAS was performed using an atlas dataset comprising 30 patients who were not part of the evaluated group. DLAS was trained with 143 patients from different patients from the evaluated patients. The ABAS model was improved, and a modified ABAS (mABAS) was created by adding the evaluated patients’ own CT1 to the atlas datasets of ABAS (number of patients of the atlas dataset, 31). The geometrical accuracy of DIR, DLAS, ABAS, and mABAS was evaluated.

Results:
The Dice similarity coefficient in DIR was the highest, at >0.8 at all organs at risk. The mABAS was delineated slightly more accurately than the standard ABAS. There was no significant difference between ABAS and DLAS in delineation accuracy. DIR had the lowest Hausdorff distance (HD) value (within 10 mm). The HD values in ABAS, mABAS, and DLAS were within 16 mm.

Conclusions:
DIR delineation is the most geometrically accurate ART for HNC.
Evaluation of Normal Tissue Objective Function for Treatment Planning of Solitary Brain Metastasis Using Intensity-modulated Radiosurgery Techniques
Authors: Ahamed Shabbir , Suvarna R. Padma 
Published: September 2024

Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the normal tissue objective (NTO) function by comparing its variations for planning solitary brain metastasis with intensity-modulated and volumetric-modulated arc radiosurgery techniques.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-two cases were retrospectively planned with two NTO parameter sets named A and B using intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) techniques. The Type A set used slope, k = 0.4 mm−1 plus end dose, De = 20%, whereas the Type B set used k = 1.0 mm−1 plus De = 10%. The resulting four plan types were assessed using mean dose to 5 mm exterior ring, normal brain receiving 12 Gy (V12), 5 Gy total brain dose volume (V5), gradient index (R50%), focal index (FI), Paddick conformity index (PCI), prescription isodose surface (PIDS), and MU/Gy.

Results:
Brain doses were significantly lower for VMAT than for IMRT. R50% was more favorable for VMAT than for IMRT for each planning target volume (PTV). The mean FI was comparable between the corresponding IMRT and VMAT plan types. PCI was better for the IMRT_A plan type. PIDS was significantly lower for Type B plans than Type A for both techniques. For PTVs <3 cm3, IMRT plans showed poor dosimetry and required NTO settings stricter than Type B.

Conclusions:
The application of NTO variations demonstrated varied dosimetry for IMRT and VMAT techniques. The NTO parameter variations produced field size and/or beamlet size/shape variations. The strict NTO parameter set generated more conformal beam apertures to reduce the brain dose. VMAT plan types showed significantly lower brain doses and better dosimetry for all target sizes.
Genetic Susceptibility and Treatment Personalization in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Comprehensive Review of Genetic Susceptibility and Targeted Therapies
Authors: Nirmalkar Nikita , Arora Ishani , Mishra Vaishnavi H , Bandre Gulshan R , Tiwade Yugeshwari R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is a complicated and heterogeneous disease impacted by various genetic susceptibility factors. The significance of genetic testing in pediatric ALL diagnosis and management, the role of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring, and ethical issues and problems in pediatric genetic testing are discussed in this narrative review. It also looks ahead to the future of genetic susceptibility research, focusing on data integration, artificial intelligence-driven insights, and the possible finding of novel treatment targets. We hope to provide a complete view of the current status and hopeful future of precision medicine in pediatric oncology as we traverse these numerous facets of pediatric ALL. Pediatric ALL is a significant problem in the world of pediatric cancer, requiring a detailed understanding of its genetic foundations and the importance of genetic testing. This narrative review investigates the complex world of pediatric ALL, shedding light on the intricate web of genetic susceptibility factors that influence the progression and treatment results. While we investigate the importance of genetic testing, the critical function of MRD monitoring, and the ethical concerns inherent in pediatric genetic testing, we also look forward to the potential horizons of genetic susceptibility research.
Novel Mutation in ITGB3: A Case Report of Glanzmann Thrombasthenia-like Syndrome Associated with Macrothrombocytopenia
Authors: Alathaibi Abdulrhman Ibrahim , Alam Muhammad Matloob , Kamal Mohammed , Refai Mohamed , Alosaimi Faisal , Allehyani Omar , Althubaity Nojood 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Congenital thrombocytopenias are a diverse range of diseases. Of them, Glanzmann thrombasthenia is an autosomal recessive platelet aggregation disorder due to defect in the alpha IIb/beta3 integrins, coded by the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes. While most patients with mutations in the ITGA2B and ITGB3 genes typically exhibit normal platelet size and count, there are some rare and novel variants in these genes that can lead to an autosomal dominant form of macrothrombocytopenia (large platelets) accompanied by platelet functional defects. These cases have been collectively referred to as Glanzmann thrombasthenia-like syndrome (GTLS). We report a 12-year-old male presenting with mild bleeding symptoms and macrothrombocytopenia, who was diagnosed with GTLS and macrothrombocytopenia, also known as platelet-type bleeding disorder-24, caused by a novel heterozygous variant of the ITBG3 gene.
Tp53 Genetic Mutations in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Patients in Iraq
Authors: Mobashr Kareem Abed , Al Sharifi Liqaa Mohammed , Jawad Afraa Mahdi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND:
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a malignant clonal proliferative condition of mature CD5+ B cells, with a 4.2/100,000 annual incidence rate and the median age at diagnosis is 72 years. CLL impacts mainly the elderly in Western nations. About 4%–10% of patients have 17p deleted at diagnosis, which includes tumor-suppressor protein (TP53) gene deletions and/or mutations. However, TP53 can also be acquired during the course of the disease, with a predictable incidence of 42%–45% in refractory CLL. Even when this mutation develops in a small percentage of neoplastic cells, the attending of subclonal TP53 changes has been linked to a bad prognosis. TP53 mutations are correlated with significantly lower lifespan and indicate impaired tolerance to chemoimmunotherapy, making them among the most powerful prognostic markers-guiding treatment decisions in CLL.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This cross-sectional study was performed at different centers in Iraq, including Euphrates Center for Cancerous Tumors, Najaf, and the Hematology center-medical City, Baghdad, Imam al Hussien Medical City, Karbala, from October 2023 to June 2024, with patients diagnosed by blood film and immunophenotyping CLL, included 63 patients.

RESULTS:
DNA Sequencing of TP53 genes investigated by Sanger technique to detect TP53 variations. All potential genotype variations of the TP53 gene were detected across several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

CONCLUSIONS:
The vast majority, 93% of our patients, carry variant-type mutations of TP53. The genotype of SNP rs1597359353 was found P < 0.05, which is significant according to the White blood count (WBCs) count, although all patients on treatment or follow-up had TP53 mutations.
Artificial Intelligence in Anatomy Teaching and Learning: A Literature Review
Authors: Pandurangam Gayathri , Gurajala Swathi , Nagajyothi Dandu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Medical anatomy is an essential preclinical course for medical undergraduates and provides a fundamental basis for various medical and surgical specializations. Frequently, students encounter difficulties when it comes to studying and comprehending the subject matter. Several pedagogical strategies have been devised and utilized throughout the years to enhance the process of teaching and learning in the field of anatomy. Artificial intelligence (AI) is now transforming anatomy education by utilizing modern technologies such as virtual reality, augmented reality, machine learning, and AI-powered evaluation tools. Recent research explored the AI in anatomy teaching, emphasizing its advantages and constraints. This review provides a thorough overview of the latest developments in the use of AI in anatomical education. It explores how AI-powered technologies can improve the educational experience for anatomy students, including personalized learning, automated grading, and intelligent tutoring systems, and examines the effects of these technologies on student engagement, learning outcomes, and teaching methods.
Estimating Effective Diameter and Scan Length of Abdomen and Pelvis for Radiation Dose Optimization in Computed Tomography Imaging Suitable for the Indian Population – A Preliminary Study
Authors: Nathan Vandana , Livingstone Roshan S. , Prithishkumar Ivan James 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Utilization of computed tomography (CT) has dramatically increased during the last decade with a concurrent increase in exposure to ionizing radiation. Even low levels of exposure have been linked to the development of cancer. Various dose reduction and optimization techniques have been attempted to minimize the risk. Dose optimization becomes crucial when scanning thin and small-built individuals, particularly children. Reference phantoms of European or North American descent are used to develop radiological protocols. CT dose index (CTDI) metrics like scan length, volume CTDI, and dose-length product help to measure the amount of radiation dose received by patients during CT scans.

Methodolgy:
We studied the anatomical dimensions of the CT abdomen and pelvis from the topographic and tomographic images using the standard bony landmarks in 340 children and 500 adults (F = 250, M = 250) and. Cross-sectional measurements and effective diameter were also used to generate CT phantom models.

Results:
Using measured variables, phantom models have been generated in different age groups in children and adults representative of the Indian population showing a significant increase in dimensions from pediatric to adult phantom. Dimensions vary from classic reference phantoms of European or North American descent.

Conclusion:
Diagnostic reference levels must be adjusted according to the age of the patient, size of organs, or surface area of examination as body proportions vary between age groups, sex, and race. Data from this study can be used to generate the age- and sex-specific preset protocols for dose optimization in the adult Indian and pediatric population to minimize exposure risk, particularly in young children.
Occupational Injuries and Its Determinants Among Cement Factory Workers: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Dewangan Pradeep K. , Verma Nirmal , Prasad Manish A. , Wasnik Ujjawala 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Cement manufacturing industry workers face inevitable circumstances and are unintentionally exposed to different injuries at the workplace. The purpose of this study was to establish the pattern of injuries and their related risk factors.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 360 workers from different departments within three cement factories in Chhattisgarh, India.

Results:
55% of employees had either abrasion (30%) or dust in their eyes (23%). Workers in open areas (unadjusted odds ratio [UOR] = 3.28 [2.08–5.18]) and those who do not have training in personal protective equipment (UOR = 2.19 [1.42–3.39]) were more likely to get injured.

Conclusions:
A high number of workers suffered from injuries, as reported by this study; therefore, there is a need for thorough training and safety procedures.
Ultrasound-guided pericapsular nerve group block and anterior quadratus lumborum block for analgesia in hip arthroplasty: a prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Abdelsalam Tamer A. , Hossam-Eldein Nourhan , Tarabeah Gehan A. , El Kenany Gouda Samah 
Published: September 2024

Background and objective
The ideal regional analgesic block following hip arthroplasty is not yet defined. This trial aimed to compare the efficacy of anterior quadratus lumborum block (QLB) and pericapsular nerve group (PENG) block analgesia in patients subjected to hip arthroplasty under spinal anesthesia.

Patients and methods
Following ethical approval, 70 participants scheduled for hip arthroplasty under subarachnoid block were included in the current prospective randomized double-blinded comparative study. They were randomly assigned into two equal groups (n=35 each): anterior QLB group and PENG group. The primary outcome was the time to the first postoperative request for analgesia. The secondary outcomes were assessment of pain during the positioning for giving spinal anesthesia, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores during movement and at rest, the total opioid consumption during the first postoperative 24 h, motor power assessment of the hip joint, and block and opioid-related complications.

Results
There were no statistically significant differences between the two studied groups regarding the time to first analgesic request, pain VAS scores at rest and on movement, total morphine consumption, positing pain, hip motor recovery, and block and opioid-related adverse effects.

Conclusion
The anterior QLB and the PENG block provided comparable posthip arthroplasty analgesia for patients subjected to surgeries under spinal anesthesia as evidenced by the comparable pain VAS scores, duration of analgesia, and total 24 h’ morphine consumption with comparable block and opioid safety profiles.
The Regulatory Effect and Mechanism of Moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on Spleen Immunity in Rats with Long-term Exercise-induced Fatigue
Authors: Zhang Ze-Min , Liu Chu-Han , Zuo Sha , Liu Deng-Ke , Li Rui-Da , Tian Yan-Xun , Liang Yu-Lei , Sun Dong-Yun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
By observing the effect of moxibustion at Shenque (CV 8) on spleen immune function in rats with long-term exercise-induced fatigue, we explored the mechanism of relieving exercise-induced fatigue.

Materials and Methods:
The male rats were divided into five groups: normal group (no intervention), control group (moxibustion at CV 8), untreated group (treadmill training), tail group (moxibustion at nonacupoint after treadmill training), and CV 8 group (moxibustion at CV 8 after treadmill training). We observed the general behavior of the rats, measured the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-18, IL-6, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10 in serum, and examined CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β in spleen tissue. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was used to observe the spleen.

Results:
After 8 weeks of training, the results in the normal group and CV 8 group were significantly better than those in the untreated and tail groups. In the untreated group and tail group, body weight, spleen mass, spleen index, and serum IL-10 concentrations decreased significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), whereas high expression was observed in other parts of the serum and spleen tissue (P < 0.01). The spleen corpuscle in the white pulp was reduced and necrotic without obvious germinal centers.

Conclusions:
Moxibustion at CV 8 could inhibit the NF-κB/NLRP3/caspase-1 inflammatory pathway to improve immunity and relieve exercise-induced fatigue.
Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes
Authors: Jayabalan Dujinthan , Huang Yi , Calzadilla-Bertot Luis , Janjua Malik , de Boer Bastiaan , Joseph John , Cheng Wendy , Hazeldine Simon , Smith Briohny W , MacQuillan Gerry C , Wallace Michael C , Garas George , Adams Leon A , Jeffrey Gary P 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
Survival in patients with autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes (AILDOS) compared to those with single autoimmune liver disease is unclear.
AIM
To investigate the survival of patients with AILDOS and assess the accuracy of non-invasive serum models for predicting liver-related death.
METHODS
Patients with AILDOS were defined as either autoimmune hepatitis and primary biliary cholangitis overlap (AIH-PBC) or autoimmune hepatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap (AIH-PSC) and were identified from three tertiary centres for this cohort study. Liver-related death or transplantation (liver-related mortality) was determined using a population-based data linkage system. Prognostic scores for liver-related death were compared for accuracy [including liver outcome score (LOS), Hepascore, Mayo Score, model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score and MELD incorporated with serum sodium (MELD-Na) score].
RESULTS
Twenty-two AILDOS patients were followed for a median of 3.1 years (range, 0.35-7.7). Fourteen were female, the median age was 46.7 years (range, 17.8 to 82.1) and median Hepascore was 1 (range, 0.07-1). At five years post enrolment, 57% of patients remained free from liver-related mortality (74% AIH-PBC, 27% AIH-PSC). There was no significant difference in survival between AIH-PBC and AIH-PSC. LOS was a significant predictor of liver-related mortality (P < 0.05) in patients with AIH-PBC (n = 14) but not AIH-PSC (n = 8). A LOS cut-point of 6 discriminated liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC patients (P = 0.012, log-rank test, 100% sensitivity, 77.8% specificity) (Harrell's C-statistic 0.867). The MELD score, MELD-Na score and Mayo Score were not predictive of liver-related mortality in any group.
CONCLUSION
Survival in the rare, AILDOS is unclear. The current study supports the LOS as a predictor of liver-related mortality in AIH-PBC patients. Further trials investigating predictors of survival in AILDOS are required.
C23 ameliorates carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis in mice
Authors: Tang Rong-Xing , Xie Xiao-Jun , Xiong Yong , Li Su , Luo Chen , Wang Yi-Gang 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND
C23, an oligo-peptide derived from cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), has been reported to inhibit tissue inflammation, apoptosis and fibrosis by binding to the CIRP receptor; however, there are few reports on its role in liver fibrosis and the underlying mechanism is unknown.
AIM
To explore whether C23 plays a significant role in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis.
METHODS
CCl4 was injected for 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis and C23 was used beginning in the second week. Masson and Sirius red staining were used to examine changes in fiber levels. Inflammatory factors in the liver were detected and changes in α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and collagen I expression were detected via immunohistochemical staining to evaluate the activation of hematopoietic stellate cells (HSCs). Western blotting was used to detect the activation status of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad3 axis after C23 treatment.
RESULTS
CCl4 successfully induced liver fibrosis in mice, while tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), IL (interleukin)-1β, and IL-6 levels increased significantly and the IL-10 level decreased significantly. Interestingly, C23 inhibited this process. On the other hand, C23 significantly inhibited the activation of HSCs induced by CCl4, which inhibited the expression of α-SMA and the synthesis of collagen I. In terms of mechanism, C23 can block Smad3 phosphorylation significantly and inhibits TGF-β/Smad3 pathway activation, thereby improving liver injury caused by CCl4.
CONCLUSION
C23 may block TGF-β/Smad3 axis activation, inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors, and inhibit the activation of HSCs induced by CCl4, alleviating liver fibrosis.