bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection for the treatment of upper limb spasticity in adults after stroke or traumatic brain injury
Authors: Patel Atul T. , Munin Michael C. , Ayyoub Ziyad , Francisco Gerard E. , Kazerooni Rashid , Gross Todd M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntramuscular injection of botulinum toxin type A is a first‐line pharmacotherapy for adults with upper limb spasticity (ULS). However, reemergence of symptoms within 12 weeks of treatment is common and longer‐lasting treatments are needed.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of three doses of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Injection (DAXI) for treatment of ULS in adults with stroke or traumatic brain injury.InterventionIntramuscular injections of placebo (N = 24), DAXI 250 U (N = 22), DAXI 375 U (N = 19), or DAXI 500 U (N = 18) to the suprahypertonic muscle (SMG) and other muscle groups.DesignRandomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study.SettingTwenty‐six study centers across the United States.ParticipantsEighty‐three adult patients with ULS were randomly assigned to each treatment group and followed for up to 36 weeks.Outcome MeasuresCo‐primary endpoints were the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) score change from baseline in the designated SMG and Physician Global Impression of Change (PGIC) at Week 6.ResultsThe mean changes from baseline in MAS score for the designated SMG for placebo and the DAXI 250 U, 375 U, and 500 U groups were −0.6, −0.9, −0.9, and −1.8, respectively, at Week 4 and −0.8, −0.9, −1.0, and −1.5, respectively, at Week 6. Statistically significant improvement in MAS score compared with placebo was reported only for the 500 U dose (Week 4: p < .001; Week 6: p = .049). Significant improvements in PGIC ratings compared with placebo were reported for DAXI 375 U (p = .015) and DAXI 500 U (p = .009) at Week 4 but not for any DAXI doses at Week 6. All DAXI doses were well tolerated with no trend toward more adverse events with increased dose.ConclusionResults from this Phase 2 study indicate that DAXI 500 U is effective and well tolerated for treatment of adults with ULS.
The Role of Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) for the Prevention of Alzheimer's Disease in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Littleford Karla , Tyler Laura , Dashwood Mark , Reed Hannah , Kuruvilla Tarun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) disproportionately affects women and, in 2022, was the leading cause of female deaths. It has major psychosocial, physical and economic impacts which will become more pronounced with an ageing population. Current treatments focus on symptom control and do not affect disease course. Emerging evidence suggests that the prescription of perimenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may prevent the development of AD. The objective of this narrative review is to synthesise and analyse relevant literature regarding HRT and AD prognosis in pre‐ and postmenopausal women to establish the current knowledge and provide a foundation for future research.
2‐Oxazoline‐Based Polymer for Pharmaceutical Products Adsorption in Aqueous Media
Authors: Stefanuto Luca , Ricci Agnese , Del Galdo Sara , Rossi Claudio , Pepi Simone , Giordano Emanuele , Capone Barbara , Tofani Daniela , Gasperi Tecla 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe present the synthesis and comprehensive evaluation of a novel 2‐oxazoline‐based polymer (polyPhOx) functionalized with phenyl groups, designed for the efficient adsorption of pharmaceutical contaminants from aqueous solutions. Employing living polymerization techniques (CROP) with two distinct initiators, we optimize reaction parameters including time, temperature, and initiator concentration. The rigorous characterization of the obtained polymer is depicted as well as the demonstration of its significant binding capacity for various pharmaceuticals, exploiting π–π and electrostatic interactions to achieve superior adsorption efficiency. Adsorption experiments are performed using high concentrations of model pharmaceuticals, including aspirin, ibuprofen, metoclopramide, pyramidone, oestradiol, and indomethacin, in hydroalcoholic solutions. Initial investigations confirm polyPhOx's exceptional efficacy, particularly with hydrophobic compounds such as oestradiol, achieving adsorption capacities of up to 56.67 mg g−1. Further validation in real environmental samples highlights the polymer's practical applicability, showing substantial removal rates even under complex matrix conditions and bringing hope for effective water purification solutions. Remarkably, polyPhOx retains high adsorption performance after 10 cycles, underscoring its potential for sustainable and cost‐effective water purification. This study not only introduces a promising material for environmental remediation but also demonstrates its robustness and reusability, paving the way for advanced wastewater treatment solutions targeting persistent pharmaceutical pollutants.
Dietary Anthocyanin Intake, Genetic Risk, and Incident Ulcerative Colitis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Sun Sishen , Wang Danshu , Dan Lintao , Fu Tian , Chen Jie , Zhang Yao , Sun Jing , Zou Duowu 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSummary evidence from animal experiments indicates that anthocyanin supplements can contribute to intestinal health. Nevertheless, no evidence has linked dietary anthocyanins to the prevention potential against inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in humans. We leveraged data from 188,044 IBD‐free individuals (mean age 59 years; 55.2% females) from the prospective cohort UK Biobank. The anthocyanin intake was estimated using dietary information from validated 24 h dietary recalls. Incident IBD was ascertained via national health‐related records. Genetic susceptibility to Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) was estimated by polygenic risk scores and further categorized into low‐ and high‐risk groups by median value. The Cox proportional regression model was applied to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During the mean follow‐up of 9.7 years, we documented 255 CD and 606 UC. We found that compared with participants with the lowest quartiles of anthocyanin intake, those in the highest quartiles were associated with 24% (95% CI 6%–38%, p = 0.012; p‐trend = 0.003) and 35% (95% CI 16%–49%, p = 0.001; p‐trend < 0.001) reduced risk of IBD and UC, respectively. The inverse associations were stronger (p‐interaction = 0.022) among individuals with a high genetic risk of UC. We did not observe a significant association between anthocyanin intake and CD (p‐trend = 0.536). Higher dietary anthocyanin intake was associated with reduced risk of IBD and UC, but not CD. Genetic factors may modify the influence of dietary anthocyanin on UC susceptibility, and possible mechanisms need to be further elucidated in the future.
Synthesis of Copper Sulfides by Anion Substitution and their Resistive Switching Properties in the Presence of Cuprou‘s
Authors: Chen Manru , Guo Xin , Lv Yanfei , Li Jingzhou , Xi Junhua , Fu Li , Chen Fei , Zhang Rui , Zhao Shichao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCopper sulfides exhibit various significant physical properties and have wide potential applications. In order to synthesize copper sulfides and investigate the anion substitution possibility of Cu3P, we immersed Cu3P in sodium sulfide solution. From X‐ray diffraction spectra results, copper sulfides, namely Cu2S and Cu7.2S4, were observed, indicating that anion substitution between S2− and P3− ions did occur. Consequently, we investigated the resistive switching (RS) properties of these two phases in the presence of Cu3P. We found that the Cu2S‐Cu3P composite exhibited a high Off/On ratio (88) and a long retention time (>103 s). However, the Cu7.2S4‐Cu3P composite exhibited no RS performance. In addition, we discussed the conduction and resistive switching mechanisms. Our work enriches the preparation method of copper sulfides and provides a reference for enhancing RS performance.
Chitosan‐Carbon Aerogel for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue Dye: Synthesis, Characterization, Adsorption Mechanism and Antimicrobial Therapies
Authors: El‐Newehy Mohamed H. , Aldalbahi Ali , Thamer Badr M. , Moydeen Abdulhameed Meera 
Published: October 2024

AbstractChitosan‐carbon aerogel was synthesized via a facile and eco‐friendly method and characterized for its structural and morphological properties. The composite exhibits remarkable adsorption kinetics and a high potential for removing Methylene Blue (MB) dye, attributed to its enhanced surface area, porous structure, and active functional groups. The adsorption capacity of chitosan‐carbon aerogel increased from 38 to 86.8 mg/g as the pH was raised from 2 to 7. The maximum MB adsorption capacity increased from 22 to 632 mg/g as the initial MB concentration increased from 25 to 2000 mg/L. The saturation adsorption capacity of the chitosan‐carbon aerogel was 668 mg/g. After five reuse cycles, the removal efficiency dropped from 89 % to 73.1 %. Antibacterial tests showed that the width of the inhibition zone for S. enterica was 16.2 ± 0.38 mm, indicating similar antibacterial activity for both chitosan and chitosan‐carbon aerogels. These findings underscore the potential of chitosan‐carbon aerogel as a sustainable and cost‐effective solution for dye removal in wastewater treatment.
Convenient Synthesis, Characterizations and Biological Evolution of Novel 1‐Phenyl‐N’‐(3‐phenylacryloyl)cyclopropane carbohydrazide Derivatives
Authors: Patagani Suresh , Balakrishna Kolli , Kumar Katari Naresh , Panasa Mahesh , Gundla Rambabu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCancer is a longstanding worldwide issue, current chemotherapeutic treatments have limited effectiveness and high toxicity. An extensive investigation has revealed a significant potential link between ITK and the development of cancer. Hence, it is recommended to prioritize investigating ITK to develop and produce novel inhibitors for treating diseases associated with T cells. In our study, we have designed and synthesized two new series of compounds, which consist of cinnamic acid, carbohydrazide, and cyclopropanamide groups in a single compound. We have developed a facile method to synthesize 20 new derivatives of two series of innovative 1‐phenyl‐N’‐(3‐phenylacryloyl)cyclopropane carbohydrazide derivatives with good yields and purity. The Synthesized derivatives are conformed by analytical techniques (FT‐IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, elemental analysis) and their biological evaluation data is provided. The synthesized compounds displayed favorable docking scores in comparison to the ITK inhibitor, Ibrutinib. The in vitro cancer investigation shows that these compounds have good IC50 values, causing cytotoxicity against malignant cell lines.
Synthesis, Docking Study, and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Heterocyclic Compounds Bearing Naphthalene Moiety
Authors: Fadda Ahmed A. , Soliman Nanees N. , Gaffer Hatem E. , Hawata Mohamed A. , Khalil Ekbal H. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUpon reaction with α,β‐unsaturated nitriles (2 a–d) and/or salicylaldehyde, 3‐(naphthalen‐2‐yl)‐3‐oxopropanenitrile (1) yields pyridine derivatives 3 a–d and/or the imino chromene derivative 4. Compound 1 reacted with phenyl isothiocyanate in a basic medium to give the intermediate potassium salt 6. Upon stirring at room temperature, the intermediate 6 with some α‐halogenated compounds yielded the acyclic compounds 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15. On the other hand, refluxing intermediate 6 with the same α‐halogenated compounds in DMF in the presence of TEA afforded the corresponding thiophene derivatives 8, 10, 12, 14, and 16. The reaction of thiol 17 with hydrazine hydrate derivatives 18 a–d yielded the corresponding pyrazole derivatives 21 a–d. Compound 20 reacted with o‐phenylenediamine or o‐aminothiophenol in the presence of DMF/TEA to give the corresponding benzothiazole or benzoimidazole derivatives 27 a and 27 b, respectively. Thirty new synthesized compounds were examined for their antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria including S. aureus and B. subtilis, Gram‐negative bacteria such as P. aeruginosa and E. coli, and yeast‐like fungi like C. albicans in vitro. Compounds 15, 16, 21 d, 27 a, 27 b, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. Molecular docking experiments were conducted to explore the binding affinities and interaction modalities of selected derivatives with the target PDB‐3cmt protein.
An Injectable, Self‐Healing, and Degradable Hydrogel With a Photothermal and Photodynamic Therapy Synergistic Antibacterial Response
Authors: Yang Dong , Lin Chenxiang , Xiao Jun‐An , Li Peiyuan , Su Wei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrogel dressings play an important role in the treatment of bacterial infection. In this study, carboxymethyl chitosan (CM‐CS) was cross‐linked with aldehyde polyglycol (DF‐PEG), and then polydopamine (pDA) and 5,10,15, 20‐tetrakis (4‐aminophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP) were grafted to prepare a CM‐CS/DF‐PEG/pDA/TAPP hydrogel (CDPT). The results showed that the CDPT hydrogel had good adhesion, injectability, self‐healing, degradability, and biocompatibility. Under near‐infrared irradiation, the CDPT hydrogel has excellent photothermal and photodynamic effects and can effectively inhibit activity of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antibiotic‐resistant, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In summary, CDPT hydrogel has potential applications as antibacterial material.
Modulatory Sedative Activity of Abrine on Diazepam in Thiopental Sodium Mediated Sleeping Mice: An In Vivo Approach with Receptor Binding Affinity of GABAergic Transmission
Authors: Ferdous Jannatul , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Chowdhury Raihan , Sheikh Salehin , Ansari Siddique Akber , Bappi Mehedi Hasan , Islam Muhammad Torequl 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe current study aims to assess the effects of abrine (ABR) in thiopental sodium (TS)‐induced sleeping mice and to explore the sedative impacts of the compound by using in vivo and in silico investigations. ABR (5 and 10 mg k−1g, i.p.) and diazepam (DZP) (2 mg k−1g, i.p.) were administered to the experimental animals either single or combined. TS (20 mg k−1g, i.p.) was administered to induce sleep, and latency with sleeping duration was observed for 3 h. The in silico investigation was conducted to predict the role of ABR in the gamma‐aminobutyric acid A (GABAA) receptor in the sleeping process and to evaluate pharmacokinetics and toxicity. Results showed that ABR (10 mg k−1g) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the latency period (8.20 ± 1.85 min) and enhanced sleep duration (187.8 ± 8.87 min) in comparison with the control group. Additionally, the co‐treatments of ABR and DZP remarkably reduced the latency period (4.40 ± 0.24 min) and increased the sleeping duration (201.40 ± 5.89 min) compared to the single therapy. The molecular docking indicated that ABR has a binding affinity of −7.4 kcal/mol for the GABAA receptor. In conclusion, ABR provides strong sedative and synergistic efficacy on TS‐induced sleeping mice via the GABAergic system.
Synergistic Effect Between 0D CQDs and 2D MXene to Enhance the Photothermal Conversion of Hydrogel Evaporators for Efficient Solar Water Evaporation, Photothermal Sensing and Electricity Generation
Authors: Jing Xinyu , Chen Lizhi , Li Yancai , Yin Hongyan , Chen Jiaying , Su Mengyao , Liu Fangfei , Abdiryim Tursun , Xu Feng , You Jiangan , Liu Xiong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSolar‐powered interfacial water evaporation is a promising technique for alleviating freshwater stress. However, the evaporation performance of solar evaporators is still constrained by low photothermal conversion efficiency and high water evaporation enthalpy. Herein, 0D carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are combined with 2D MXene to serve as a hybrid photothermal material to enhance the light absorption and photothermal conversion ability, meanwhile sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)/polyacrylamide (PAM) hydrogels are used as a substrate material for water transport to reduce the enthalpy of water evaporation. The synergistic effect in 0D CQDs/2D MXene hybrid photothermal materials accelerate the carrier transfer, inducing efficient localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect. This results in the enhanced photothermal conversion efficiency. The integrated hydrogel evaporators demonstrate a high evaporation rate (1.93 and 2.86 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 and 2 sunlights, respectively) and low evaporation enthalpy (1485 J g−1). In addition, the hydrogel evaporators are applied for photothermal sensing and temperature difference power generation (TEG). The TEG device presents an efficient output power density (230.7 mW m−2) under 1 sunlight. This work provides a feasible approach for regulating and controlling the evaporation performances of hydrogel evaporators, and gives a proof‐of‐concept for the design of multipurpose solar evaporation systems.
Phase Engineering‐Mediated D‐Band Center of Ru Sites Promote the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction Under Universal pH Condition
Authors: Wang Ying , Luo Tianmi , Wei Ying , Liu Qingqing , Qi Yirong , Wang Dongping , Zhao Jiayi , Zhang Jun , Li Xu , Ma Qunzhi , Huang Jianfeng , Kong Xingang , Chen Guanjun , Feng Yongqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe rational design of pH‐universal electrocatalyst with high‐efficiency, low‐cost and large current output suitable for industrial hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for hydrogen production via water splitting. Herein, phase engineering of ruthenium (Ru) electrocatalyst comprised of metastable unconventional face‐centered cubic (fcc) and conventional hexagonal close‐packed (hcp) crystalline phase supported on nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (fcc/hcp‐Ru/NC) is successfully synthesized through a facile pyrolysis approach. Fascinatingly, the fcc/hcp‐Ru/NC displayed excellent electrocatalytic HER performance under a universal pH range. To deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2, the fcc/hcp‐Ru/NC required overpotentials of 16.8, 23.8 and 22.3 mV in 1 M KOH, 0.5 M H2SO4 and 1 M phosphate buffered solution (PBS), respectively. Even to drive an industrial‐level current density of 500 and 1000 mA cm−2, the corresponding overpotentials are 189.8 and 284 mV in alkaline, 202 and 287 mV in acidic media, respectively. Experimental and theoretical calculation result unveiled that the charge migration from fcc‐Ru to hcp‐Ru induced by work function discrepancy within fcc/hcp‐Ru/NC regulate the d‐band center of Ru sites, which facilitated the water adsorption and dissociation, thus boosting the electrocatalytic HER performance. The present work paves the way for construction of novel and efficient electrocatalysts for energy conversion and storage.
Large deformation problem of hyperbolic shallow shells with bimodular effect: A perturbation‐variation method
Authors: He Xiao‐Ting , Wang Xin , Chang Hao , Sun Jun‐Yi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs an important analytical method, the perturbation‐variation method combines the advantages of perturbation method and variational method, and is widely used for the solution of nonlinear plate and shell problems. In this study, the perturbation‐variation method is used to solve the large deformation problem of a flexible hyperbolic thin shallow shells with different moduli in tension and compression (bimodular effect). First, we establish the governing equations expressed in terms of three displacement components, in which the bimodular effect of materials is considered in physical equations and the large deformation of shell is considered in geometrical equations. Next, we use the perturbation‐variation method to solve the governing equations established, obtaining the perturbation‐variation solution up to third‐order. During the application of the method, the displacements are expressed into perturbation formulas of all levels first, and the unknown constants and functions in the perturbation formulas are determined by the extreme value conditions of the functional established (variational principle), hence the perturbation‐variation method gets its name from this practice. The numerical results from FEM basically agree with the perturbation‐variation solution obtained. The method proposed may be extended into the solution of similar partial differential equations established in applied fields.
FFAG, Linear
Authors: Méot François 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter is an introduction to linear Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) cyclic accelerators. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical and technological context, and continues with the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. It relies on charged particle optics and acceleration concepts introduced in the previous synchrotron and scaling FFAG chapters and further addresses

design aspects of linear FFAGs,

diverse specificities of linear FFAG optics,

beam dynamics in rings,

serpentine acceleration.

Simulations do not require specific keywords, they use optical elements met in the previous chapters, including MULTIPOL DIPOLE[S], CAVITE, data input/output keywords such as FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, the SYSTEM keyword, etc. Beam dynamics simulations include

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computation of optical parameters,

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particle trajectories through a cell or a ring,

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closed-orbit finding, from multi-turn raytracing or by coordinate matching,

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deriving ancillary outcomes from rays, such as

$$\bullet $$
∙

transport matrices using MATRIX,

$$\bullet $$
∙

periodic optical functions and their transport using TWISS,

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finding dynamical aperture,

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serpentine fast acceleration, and more.
Introduction
Authors: Huang Minchao , Cheng Yuqiang , Dai Jia , Li Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAccording to the type of propellant, space propulsion systems are divided into monopropellant, bipropellant, cold gas propulsion and electric propulsion systems. The operation of a space propulsion system is closely related to the working status of the structure, control, thermal control, power supply, telemetry, remote control and other subsystems.
Analysis of the Response Characteristics of the Tank Pressurization System and a Single Thruster
Authors: Huang Minchao , Cheng Yuqiang , Dai Jia , Li Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBased on the mathematical models of the operation of the space propulsion system components established in Chap. 2 and the Modelica programs for the startup, steady-state and shutdown processes of the components, the thruster simulation system for each type of thrust can be conveniently assembled. By inputting known parameters of the thruster, such as the gas cylinder and pressure-reducing valve structural parameters, propellant density, pipeline diameter and length, and thrust chamber structural parameters, into the simulation system, the response of a single thruster can be analyzed in terms of pipeline pressure, flow rate, combustion chamber pressure, temperature, component ratio, thrust and other parameters, on which basis in this book it discussed the effects of the gas cylinder pressure, pressure-reducing valve characteristics, filling and shutdown characteristics, thruster response time, the effects of the combustion chamber volume and the inner diameter of the nozzle throat.