bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroimaging for diagnosing dementia with Lewy bodies: What is the best neuroimaging technique in discriminating dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease?
Authors: Shimizu Soichiro , Kanetaka Hidekazu , Hirao Kentaro , Fukasawa Raita , Namioka Nayuta , Hatanaka Hirokuni , Hirose Daisuke , Umahara Takahiko , Sakurai Hirofumi , Hanyu Haruo 
Published: May 2016

AimWe compared the diagnostic value of four neuroimaging techniques, namely, 123I‐2β‐Carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐iodophenyl)‐N‐(3‐fluoropropyl) nortropane (123I‐FP‐CIT) dopamine transporter single‐photon emission computed tomography (DAT‐SPECT), magnetic resonance imaging, perfusion SPECT and 123I‐metaiodobenzyl‐guanidine myocardial scintigraphy in differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) from Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsA total of 32 patients with probable AD and 32 patients with probable DLB were enrolled in the present study. For the comparison study, we used the specific binding ratio for DAT‐SPECT, the heart‐to‐mediastinum ratio in the delay phase for 123I‐metaiodobenzyl‐guanidine myocardial scintigraphy, z‐scores in the medial occipital lobe for perfusion SPECT and z‐scores of hippocampal atrophy using a voxel‐based specific regional analysis system for AD for magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsDAT‐SPECT enabled more accurate differentiation of DLB from AD than other methods. 123I‐metaiodobenzyl‐guanidine myocardial scintigraphy enabled more accurate differentiation of DLB from AD than magnetic resonance imaging and perfusion SPECT.ConclusionsIn agreement with the recent consensus clinical diagnostic criteria for DLB, we confirmed that the diagnostic accuracy of DAT‐SPECT imaging is significantly higher than other neuroimaging techniques. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 819‐824.
Microbiological risk assessment for personal care products
Authors: Stewart S. E. , Parker M. D. , Amézquita A. , Pitt T. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractRegulatory decisions regarding microbiological safety of cosmetics and personal care products are primarily hazard‐based, where the presence of a potential pathogen determines decision‐making. This contrasts with the Food industry where it is a commonplace to use a risk‐based approach for ensuring microbiological safety. A risk‐based approach allows consideration of the degree of exposure to assess unacceptable health risks. As there can be a number of advantages in using a risk‐based approach to safety, this study explores the Codex Alimentarius (Codex) four‐step Microbiological Risk Assessment (MRA) framework frequently used in the Food industry and examines how it can be applied to the safety assessment of personal care products.The hazard identification and hazard characterization steps (one and two) of the Codex MRA framework consider the main microorganisms of concern. These are addressed by reviewing the current industry guidelines for objectionable organisms and analysing reports of contaminated products notified by government agencies over a recent 5‐year period, together with examples of reported outbreaks. Data related to estimation of exposure (step three) are discussed, and examples of possible calculations and references are included. The fourth step, performed by the risk assessor (risk characterization), is specific to each assessment and brings together the information from the first three steps to assess the risk.Although there are very few documented uses of the MRA approach for personal care products, this study illustrates that it is a practicable and sound approach for producing products that are safe by design. It can be helpful in the context of designing products and processes going to market and with setting of microbiological specifications. Additionally, it can be applied reactively to facilitate decision‐making when contaminated products are released on to the marketplace. Currently, the knowledge available may only allow a qualitative or semi‐quantitative rather than fully quantitative risk assessment, but an added benefit is that the disciplined structuring of available knowledge enables clear identification of gaps to target resources and if appropriate, instigate data generation.
Voices of Nigerian Women Survivors of Trafficking Held in Italian Centres for Identification and Expulsion
Authors: Esposito Francesca , Quinto Carla R. , De Masi Francesca , Gargano Oria , Costa Pedro Alexandre 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article examines the vicissitudes that affect the migration trajectories of many Nigerian women who experienced trafficking before arriving in Italy, and end up in Centers for Identification and Expulsion (CIE) for undocumented migrants. Their life stories, collected within the CIE of Ponte Galeria (Rome), revealed violence as “a rule of action” with which these women are obliged to cope with at different levels. Moreover, they highlighted the failure of traditional security approaches to human trafficking, and the necessity to rethink the measures adopted to ensure survivors' protection and rights. As it is conceived, the system of immigration control prevents the full guarantee of survivors' rights, often labelling them as “illegal migrants”. Finally, there is the need to extend protection to all survivors of human trafficking even if the crime against them has not happened in Italy.
Breastfeeding preterm infants – a randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of an Internet‐based peer‐support group
Authors: Niela‐Vilén Hannakaisa , Axelin Anna , Melender Hanna‐Leena , Löyttyniemi Eliisa , Salanterä Sanna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to examine whether an Internet‐based peer‐support intervention has an effect on the duration of breastfeeding or breast milk expression or maternal breastfeeding attitude compared with routine care in the mothers of preterm infants. In addition, the feasibility of the intervention was examined.BackgroundA few peer‐support interventions conducted face‐to‐face or by telephone have given promising results in promoting breastfeeding in preterm infants.DesignA randomized controlled trial with a 1‐year follow‐up was conducted in one hospital in Finland in 2011–2015.MethodsAltogether 124 mothers of preterm (<35 weeks) infants were recruited; 60 in an experimental and 64 in a control group. The intervention was a closed peer‐support group in social media. Data were collected by structured questionnaires. Neonatal and breastfeeding data were collected from patient records.ResultsThe duration of overall breastfeeding was on average 3·0 and 4·3 months, in the experimental and control groups respectively. The intervention had no effect on breastfeeding or expressing the breast milk or maternal breastfeeding attitude. A breastfeeding‐favourable attitude and at least two previous children predicted longer duration of breastfeeding. Attitude‐score decreased during the follow‐up. The mothers in the experimental group enjoyed peer support, but only a few reported it as having some impact on breastfeeding.ConclusionAlthough the Internet‐based peer‐support intervention had no effect, the importance of breastfeeding attitude for the duration of breastfeeding in mothers of preterm infants was shown. In future, interventions in social media should be studied more and attitude‐focused interventions be developed.
Imaging of Pericardiophrenic Bundles Using Multislice Spiral Computed Tomography for Phrenic Nerve Anatomy
Authors: WANG YAN‐JING , LIU LIN , ZHANG MENG‐CHAO , SUN HUAN , ZENG HONG , YANG PING 
Published: May 2016

CT Imaging for Phrenic Nerve AnatomyIntroductionPhrenic nerve injury and diaphragmatic stimulation are common complications following arrhythmia ablation and pacing therapies. Preoperative comprehension of phrenic nerve anatomy via non‐invasive CT imaging may help to minimize the electrophysiological procedure‐related complications.MethodsCoronary CT angiography data of 121 consecutive patients were collected. Imaging of left and right pericardiophrenic bundles was performed with volume rendering and multi‐planar reformation techniques. The shortest spatial distances between phrenic nerves and key electrophysiology‐related structures were determined. The frequencies of the shortest distances ≤5 mm, >5 mm and direct contact between phrenic nerves and adjacent structures were calculated.ResultsLeft and right pericardiophrenic bundles were identified in 86.8% and 51.2% of the patients, respectively. The right phrenic nerve was <5 mm from right superior and inferior pulmonary veins in 92.0% and 3.2% of the patients, respectively. The percentage of right phrenic nerve, <5 mm from right atrium, superior caval vein, and superior caval vein‐right atrium junction was 87.1%, 100%, and 62.9%, respectively. Left phrenic nerve was <5 mm from left atrial appendage, great cardiac vein, anterior and posterior interventricular veins, and left ventricular posterior veins in 81.9%, 1.0%, 39.1%, 28.6%, and 91.4% of the patients, respectively. Merely 0.06% left phrenic nerve had a distance <5 mm with left superior pulmonary vein, and none left phrenic nerve showed a distance <5 mm with left inferior pulmonary vein.ConclusionOne‐stop enhanced CT scanning enabled detection of phrenic nerve anatomy, which might facilitate avoidance of the phrenic nerve‐related complications in interventional electrophysiology.
Radiofrequency and Cryo‐Ablation Effect on Transvenous Pacing and Defibrillatory Lead Integrity: An In Vitro Study
Authors: DARRAT YOUSEF H. , AGARWAL ANUJ , MORALES GUSTAVO X. , THOMPSON JOSEPH , ABDEL‐LATIF AHMED , WAESPE KELLY , DI BIASE LUIGI , NATALE ANDREA , PATWARDAN ABHIJIT , ELAYI CLAUDE‐SAMY 
Published: May 2016

Effects of Catheter Ablation on Transvenous LeadsIntorductionMedical societies and cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) manufacturers recommend avoiding close or direct contact between the body of transvenous leads and ablation catheters used to treat cardiac arrhythmias. These recommendations are made despite the lack of clinical studies. However, the target myocardium for successful ablation can be contiguous to CIED leads.Methods and ResultsWe examine in vitro the effects of direct application of radiofrequency (RF) and cryo‐ablation energy on the integrity and functionality of CIED leads (excluding the pacing electrodes and defibrillation coils). A saline bath was created to mimic the body milieu. CIED leads, including all commercially available lead insulation materials, were connected to a CIED pulse generator and placed in direct contact with an ablation catheter in the tissue bath. RF and cryo‐ablation energy were delivered under various conditions, including maximal ablation power, temperature, and impedance via the RF generator. CIED lead functionality, reflective of conductor integrity, was evaluated through lead impedance monitoring during ablation. CIED leads were then visually inspected, and examined with optic and electron microscopy as per protocol. A total of 42 leads were studied. All leads showed the absence of insulation damage at the site of ablation visually and with microscopy. Lead functionality was also preserved in all leads.ConclusionCatheter ablation in contact with CIED leads using radiofrequency or cryo‐ablation in vitro did not affect lead body integrity and function despite aggressive ablation settings. It may be reasonable to perform ablation in contact with the body of CIED leads when clinically necessary.
Using prognostic factors from case series and cohort studies to identify individuals with poor long‐term outcomes during periodontal maintenance
Authors: Fardal Øystein , Grytten Jostein , Martin John , Houlihan Ciara , Heasman Peter 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe accuracy of applying prognostic factors to individual patients is uncertain.Aim/MethodThe aim was to apply prognostic factors from several outcome studies (case series and cohort) to identify: (1) patients who lost a tooth/teeth during periodontal maintenance; (2) patients who were non‐responding to treatment; (3) patients needing re‐treatment during periodontal maintenance. In addition, tooth loss was related to initial prognosis and it was determined which of the prognostic factors were also risk factors. Chi squared analysis was carried out for the outcomes of patients with‐, and without prognostic factors. Significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Sensitivity and specificity was calculated for patients with and without prognostic factors.ResultsThe prognostic factors only identified a small proportion of patients who lost teeth (34–38%). Combining the prognostic factors resulted in a lower accuracy. A higher proportion of patients with no prognostic factors lost teeth (53.8–96.2%). The chance of identifying a non‐responding patient based on family history was 5.9%, for stress 32.4%, and for heavy smoking 8.7%. Significantly more patients (29/40 , χ² = 16.2 p < 0.05) with initial uncertain/poor prognosis and significantly fewer patients (11/40, χ² = 16.2, p < 0.05) with erratic/no compliance needing re‐treatment were identified. 21 of 40 patients (52.5%) (p = 0.655) with family history needing retreatment were identified. Combining the prognostic factors identified 5–22% out of a total of 40% of patients needing re‐treatment. six out of nine (67%) teeth with an initial hopeless prognosis were lost, 10/109 (9%) teeth with a poor prognosis were lost, 11/346 (3%) teeth with a moderate prognosis were lost and 9/1972 (0.46%) of teeth with a good prognosis were lost. None of the prognostic factors was found also to be a risk factor for developing periodontal diseases.ConclusionApplying prognostic factors to identify individual patients with poor long‐term outcomes is associated with low accuracy.
A Delphi Approach to Understanding Varying Expert Viewpoints in Sustainability Communication: The Case of Water Footprints of Bio‐Based Fiber Resources
Authors: Sutterlüty Andrea , Hesser Franziska , Schwarzbauer Peter , Schuster Kurt Christian , Windsperger Andreas , Stern Tobias 
Published: May 2016

SummaryIn recent years, the concepts of accounting for water use and assessing its impact, also known as the water footprint (WF), have evolved. The cultivation of wood and cotton are two important bio‐based fiber resources that can use, consume, and pollute huge amounts of water. The purpose of this study is to identify the methodological options on an inventory level asociated with a WF assessment for bio‐based fiber resources. Using a three‐step Argument Delphi approach with international experts, important, but controversial, aspects of water footprinting are elaborated. During the different rounds of the Delphi procedure, the interlacement of the crucial topics became apparent, including the net green water or the total volume of green water, trade‐offs between water use and land‐use impacts, allocation of the green WF on ecosystem services, and nomination of a reference situation (e.g., potential natural vegetation). Further, this study evaluates whether the experts allowed generalizations about these methodological options. Finally, the agreement of experts on some generalized statements showed that such statements can be used legitimately as long as knowledge of the inventory methods and knowledge of production characteristics are carefully combined.
Epithelial expression of cytokeratins 15 and 19 in vitiligo
Authors: Saleh Fatma Y , Awad Sherif S , Nasif Ghada A , Halim Christein 
Published: May 2016

SummaryBackgroundCytokeratins (CK) belong to the family of intermediate filament proteins, and among them specific epithelial keratins are considered markers for stem cells activation.ObjectivesThis study aims to investigate the expression of CK15 and CK19 as possible stem cell markers in vitiligo during phototherapy.MethodsThe study was conducted on vitiligo patients receiving narrow‐band ultraviolet therapy. Immunohistochemical staining for CK15 and CK19 was carried out, and clinical follow‐up continued for 4 weeks.ResultsOf 28 patients, CK15 expression was demonstrated in 17 cases (61%) while CK19 expression was demonstrated in 11 cases (39%). Cells expressing positive staining were demonstrated in follicular and interfollicular epithelium. Expression was clearly demonstrated in patients younger than 20 years old, with shorter disease duration, with disease stability, and with normally pigmented hairs. Expression of cytokeratins was significantly correlated to improvement of vitiligo lesions.ConclusionCK15 and CK19 are expressed in vitiligo during UV repigmentation in the follicular and interfollicular epithelium. This expression of cytokeratins was significantly correlated to improvement and can be considered valuable tool to monitor stem cells stimulation for the sake of the repigmentation process in vitiligo.
Mental health nurses’ attitudes, behaviour, experience and knowledge regarding adults with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder: systematic, integrative literature review
Authors: Dickens Geoffrey L , Lamont Emma , Gray Sarah 
Published: May 2016

Aims and objectivesTo establish whether mental health nurses responses to people with borderline personality disorder are problematic and, if so, to inform solutions to support change.BackgroundThere is some evidence that people diagnosed with borderline personality disorder are unpopular among mental health nurses who respond to them in ways which could be counter‐therapeutic. Interventions to improve nurses’ attitudes have had limited success.DesignSystematic, integrative literature review.MethodsComputerised databases were searched from inception to April 2015 for papers describing primary research focused on mental health nurses’ attitudes, behaviour, experience, and knowledge regarding adults diagnosed with borderline personality disorder. Analysis of qualitative studies employed metasynthesis; analysis of quantitative studies was informed by the theory of planned behaviour.ResultsForty studies were included. Only one used direct observation of clinical practice. Nurses’ knowledge and experiences vary widely. They find the group very challenging to work with, report having many training needs, and, objectively, their attitudes are poorer than other professionals’ and poorer than towards other diagnostic groups. Nurses say they need a coherent therapeutic framework to guide their practice, and their experience of caregiving seems improved where this exists.ConclusionsMental health nurses’ responses to people with borderline personality disorder are sometimes counter‐therapeutic. As interventions to change them have had limited success there is a need for fresh thinking. Observational research to better understand the link between attitudes and clinical practice is required. Evidence‐based education about borderline personality disorder is necessary, but developing nurses to lead in the design, implementation and teaching of coherent therapeutic frameworks may have greater benefits.Relevance to clinical practiceThere should be greater focus on development and implementation of a team‐wide approach, with nurses as equal partners, when working with patients with borderline personality disorder.
Direct estimation of the permeation of topical excipients through artificial membranes and human skin with non-invasive Terahertz time-domain techniques
Authors: Lopez-Dominguez Victor , Boix-Montañes Antoni , Redo-Sanchez Albert , Tejada-Palacios Javier 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background
Drug permeation through skin, or a synthetic membrane, from locally acting pharmaceutical products can be influenced by the permeation behaviour of pharmaceutical excipients.

Objective
Terahertz time-domain technology is investigated as a non-invasive method for a direct and accurate measurement of excipients permeation through synthetic membranes or human skin.

Methods
A series of in-vitro release and skin permeation experiments of liquid excipients (e.g. propylene glycol and polyethylene glycol 400) has been conducted with vertical diffusion cells. The permeation profiles of excipients through different synthetic membranes or skin were obtained using Terahertz pulses providing a direct measurement. Corresponding permeation flux and permeability coefficient values were calculated based on temporal changes of the terahertz pulses.

Results
The influence of different experimental conditions, such as the polarity of the membrane and the viscosity of the permeant, was assessed in release experiments. Specific transmembrane flux values of those excipients were directly calculated with statistical differences between cases. Finally, an attempt to estimate the skin permeation of propylene glycol with this technique was also achieved. All these permeation results were likely comparable to those obtained by other authors with usual analytical techniques.

Conclusion
Terahertz time-domain technology is shown to be a suitable technique for an accurate and non-destructive measurement of the permeation of liquid substances through different synthetic membranes or even human skin.
Preliminary evaluation of prostate-targeted radiotherapy using 131I-MIP-1095 in combination with radiosensitising chemotherapeutic drugs
Authors: Tesson Mathias , Rae Colin , Nixon Colin , Babich John W , Mairs Robert J 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Despite recent advances in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer, survival rates are low and treatment options are limited to chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. 131I-MIP-1095 is a recently developed prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeting, small molecular weight radiopharmaceutical which has anti-tumour activity as a single agent. Our purpose was to determine in vitro the potential benefit to be gained by combining 131I-MIP-1095 with cytotoxic drug treatments.

Methods
Various cytotoxic agents were evaluated in combination with 131I-MIP-1095 for their capacity to delay the growth of LNCaP cells cultured as multicellular tumour spheroids. Two end-points were used to assess treatment efficacy: (i) the time required for doubling of spheroid volume and (ii) the area under the volume–time growth curves.

Key findings
The PARP-1 inhibitor olaparib, the topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, the inhibitor of the P53–MDM2 interaction nutlin-3 and the copper-chelated form of the oxidising agent disulfiram (DSF:Cu) all significantly enhanced the inhibition of the growth of spheroids induced by 131I-MIP-1095. However, the Chk1 inhibitor AZD7762 failed to potentiate the effect of 131I-MIP-1095.

Conclusions
These results indicate that targeted radiotherapy of prostate cancer may be optimised by combining its administration with chemotherapy.