bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Local surface potential on hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films
Authors: Itoh Takashi , Sakai Takashi , Ito Takanori , Kuriyama Hirishi , Nonomura Shuichi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The local surface potential on hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon films was investigated using a Kelvin force microscope. In the surface morphology image of the films deposited on Asahi U-type substrates, large and small convex grains were observed. In i-type films, the surface potentials on the large and small convex grains were higher than those in the concave regions between large convex grains and between small convex grains, respectively. The potential difference between a large grain and the region between large grains was larger than that between a small grain and the region between small grains. The surface potential distribution on p-type films showed the same tendency as that on the i-type films. On the other hand, the surface potential distribution on n-type films showed a reverse tendency to that on the i-type films. The potential difference between a large convex grain and the region between large convex grains depended on the doping ratio and that in the p-type films was smaller than that in the n-type films.
Regional variability of a projected sea ice‐free Arctic during the summer months
Authors: Laliberté F. , Howell S. E. L. , Kushner P. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractClimate projections of sea ice retreat under anthropogenic climate change at the regional scale and in summer months other than September have largely not been evaluated. Information at this level of detail is vital for future planning of safe Arctic marine activities. Here the timing of when Arctic waters will be reliably ice free across Arctic regions from June to October is presented. It is shown that during this century regions along the Northern Sea Route and Arctic Bridge will be more reliably ice free than regions along the Northwest Passage and the Transpolar Sea Route, which will retain substantial sea ice cover past midcentury. Moreover, ice‐free conditions in the Arctic will likely be confined to September for several decades to come in many regions. Projections using a selection of models that accounts for agreement of models in each region and calendar month with observations yield similar conclusions.
Projected changes in east Australian midlatitude cyclones during the 21st century
Authors: Pepler Acacia S. , Di Luca Alejandro , Ji Fei , Alexander Lisa V. , Evans Jason P. , Sherwood Steven C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe east coast of Australia is regularly influenced by midlatitude cyclones known as East Coast Lows. These form in a range of synoptic situations and are both a cause of severe weather and an important contributor to water security. This paper presents the first projections of future cyclone activity in this region using a regional climate model ensemble, with the use of a range of cyclone identification methods increasing the robustness of results. While there is considerable uncertainty in projections of cyclone frequency during the warm months, there is a robust agreement on a decreased frequency of cyclones during the winter months, when they are most common in the current climate. However, there is a potential increase in the frequency of cyclones with heavy rainfall and those closest to the coast and accordingly those with potential for severe flooding.
Predictions of Solar Cycle 24: How are we doing?
Authors: Pesnell William Dean 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPredictions of solar activity are an essential part of our Space Weather forecast capability. Users are requiring usable predictions of an upcoming solar cycle to be delivered several years before solar minimum. A set of predictions of the amplitude of Solar Cycle 24 accumulated in 2008 ranged from zero to unprecedented levels of solar activity. The predictions formed an almost normal distribution, centered on the average amplitude of all preceding solar cycles. The average of the current compilation of 105 predictions of the annual‐average sunspot number is 106 ± 31, slightly lower than earlier compilations but still with a wide distribution. Solar Cycle 24 is on track to have a below‐average amplitude, peaking at an annual sunspot number of about 80. Our need for solar activity predictions and our desire for those predictions to be made ever earlier in the preceding solar cycle will be discussed. Solar Cycle 24 has been a below‐average sunspot cycle. There were peaks in the daily and monthly averaged sunspot number in the Northern Hemisphere in 2011 and in the Southern Hemisphere in 2014. With the rapid increase in solar data and capability of numerical models of the solar convection zone we are developing the ability to forecast the level of the next sunspot cycle. But predictions based only on the statistics of the sunspot number are not adequate for predicting the next solar maximum. I will describe how we did in predicting the amplitude of Solar Cycle 24 and describe how solar polar field predictions could be made more accurate in the future.
Copper‐Mediated Sulfonylation of Aryl C(sp2)H Bonds with Sodium and Lithium Sulfinates
Authors: Liang Shuai , Liu Nai‐Wei , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA copper‐mediated direct sulfonylation of aryl C(sp2)H bonds with sodium and lithium sulfinates is reported. Various aryl sulfones were synthesized in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance.magnified image
Enantiopure N‐Benzyloxycarbonyl‐β2‐amino Acid Allyl Esters from Racemic β‐Lactams by Dynamic Kinetic Resolution using Candida antarctica Lipase B
Authors: Gianolio Eleonora , Mohan Resmi , Berkessel Albrecht 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe dynamic kinetic resolution of α‐substituted racemic β‐lactams by alcoholytic ring‐opening, catalyzed by immobilized lipase B from Candida antarctica is described. With this process, a variety of racemic α‐substituted N‐Cbz‐azetidinones (Cbz=benzyloxycarbonyl) was transformed to the corresponding N‐Cbz‐protected β2‐amino acid allyl esters with high enantioselectivity (up to 99%) and high yields (up to quantitative) at room temperature.magnified image
Atmospheric Pressure of CO2 as Protecting Reagent and Reactant: Efficient Synthesis of Oxazolidin‐2‐ones with Carbamate Salts, Aldehydes and Alkynes
Authors: Yu Bing , Cheng Bin‐Bin , Liu Wei‐Qi , Li Wei , Wang Shan‐Shan , Cao Jie , Hu Chang‐Wen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCarbon dioxide (CO2) has been wildly employed as an environmentally benign C1 resource for organic synthesis in the recent years. The capture of CO2 with primary amines easily provides the corresponding carbamate salts. We described herein that carbamate salts are a useful reactant for the synthesis of oxazolidin‐2‐ones via the reaction with aromatic aldehydes and aromatic terminal alkynes. A variety of oxazolidin‐2‐ones with different functional groups were synthesized in 68–91% yields with only a 5 mol% amount of CuI as catalyst. It was found that the synergetic effect of iodide is important for the transformation. Notable, the captured CO2 serves not only as a protecting reagent for electron‐rich primary amine to avoid catalyst poisoning, but also as a reactant for the construction of oxazolidin‐2‐ones.magnified image
Residential context, institutional alloparental care, and child growth in Jamaica
Authors: Nelson Robin G. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesAlthough children are typically raised in familial care networks, not all children have access to kin. Here, I investigate the growth measures of children living in two different residential contexts in Jamaica: institutional care settings and familial homes.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study sampled individuals ranging from 5–18 years old, residing in children's homes (N = 113 participants) and familial homes (N = 103 participants). Anthropometric measurements and interview data were collected from all participants. Height for age z‐scores (ZHFA) and weight for age z‐scores (ZWFA) were calculated using the 2007 WHO standards. Body fat was estimated from tricep and suprailiac skinfold thickness. Between group comparisons were completed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), with age included as a covariate. Significance was accepted at P ≤ 0.05.ResultsContext was more predictive of condition among children than adolescents. Both girls and boys ages 5–11 years living with family members had higher mean height and weight for age, and summed skinfold thickness measures, than their peers living in children's homes. Fewer correlations between home setting and growth measurements were found among 12–18 year olds. Notably, although children were randomly assigned to children's homes, boys in a single‐sex institution did not differ in growth measurements from boys living with family members.ConclusionsYounger children who lived with family members had better growth measurements than their peers living in institutional settings. However, improved growth measures for children living in one home were correlated to nonconventional counseling practices, and nutritional policies that mirror some aspects of familial care. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:493–502, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Influence of author's affiliation and funding sources on the results of cohort studies on occupational cancer
Authors: Rollin Laetitia , Griffon Nicolas , Darmoni Stefan J. , Gehanno Jean‐Francois 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundReliability and credibility of research conducted by industry have been questioned, including in the field of occupational health.MethodsCohort studies on occupational cancer published between 2000 and 2010 were compared according to their results, their conclusions, their funding, and the affiliation of their authors.ResultsOverall, 510 articles were included. Studies published by authors with public affiliation or funded by public grants concluded that their study showed an excess of cancer more frequently (P = 0.01) than studies published by authors with private affiliation or funded by private grants (88% [95%CI = 85–91] vs. 73% [95%CI = 56–88] and 92% [95%CI = 86–97] vs. 71% [95%CI = 57–84], respectively). Discrepancies between statistical results and conclusion occurred more frequently in articles written by authors from the private sector than from the public sector (42% [IC95% = 26–60] vs. 23% [IC95% = 18–26], P = 0.02).ConclusionsIndustry affiliations of authors or industry support of studies are associated with the results of published studies on occupational cancer. The underlying mechanisms warrant further investigation. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:221–226, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of intranasal fluticasone spray, budesonide atomizer, and budesonide respules in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyposis after endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: Neubauer Paul D. , Schwam Zachary G. , Manes R. Peter 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundNasal steroids are a critical part of the management of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Increasingly, practitioners are using budesonide respules delivered to the sinonasal cavities, which is an off‐label use, in lieu of traditional nasal steroids. There has been little research comparing budesonide with traditional nasal steroids and the most effective delivery method of budesonide.MethodsA randomized controlled trial was performed on patients after ESS for CRSwNP in a tertiary care center. Patients were randomized into 1 of 3 groups: group A received fluticasone nasal spray twice daily; group B received budesonide respules via a mucosal atomization device (MAD) twice daily; and group C received budesonide respules instilled via the vertex‐to‐floor (VF) position twice daily. Primary endpoints were 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) and Lund‐Kennedy scores at 6 months.ResultsThirty‐two patients were enrolled in the study, 23 of whom completed the 6‐month trial. There were no significant differences among groups A, B, and C with respect to age, gender, asthma, aspirin sensitivity, or previous ESS. Group B had a statistically significant greater reduction in SNOT‐22 and Lund‐Kennedy scores at the primary endpoint of 6 months compared to groups A and C. Group C had the next greatest reduction, which was statistically significant, followed by group A.ConclusionPatients treated with budesonide after ESS for CRSwNP had greater improvement in SNOT‐22 and Lund‐Kennedy scores compared to fluticasone at 6 months. The data supports the use of budesonide respules, particularly with a MAD, over fluticasone for CRSwNP patients after ESS.
Sensibilisierte Zwei‐NIR‐Photonen‐Z→E‐Isomerisierung eines im sichtbaren Spektralbereich ansprechbaren und bistabilen Azobenzolderivats
Authors: Moreno Javier , Gerecke Mario , Grubert Lutz , Kovalenko Sergey A. , Hecht Stefan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEine durch Zwei‐NIR‐Photonen ausgelöste Z→E‐Isomerisierung eines Azobenzols gelang durch kovalente Verknüpfung einer zwei‐Photonen‐absorbierenden Triarylaminantenne mit einem thermisch stabilen ortho‐fluorierten Azobenzolderivat. Der erhaltene Photoschalter konnte vollständig mit sichtbarem bzw. NIR‐Licht unter Verwendung von Ein‐ bzw. Zwei‐Photonen‐Anregung adressiert werden, wobei die letztgenannte eine verbesserte Eindringtiefe und eine erhöhte räumliche Auflösung ermöglicht.
Gas‐Phase Generation and Decomposition of a Sulfinylnitrene into the Iminyl Radical OSN
Authors: Wu Zhuang , Li Dingqing , Li Hongmin , Zhu Bifeng , Sun Hailong , Francisco Joseph S. , Zeng Xiaoqing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe dipolar oxathiazyne‐like sulfinylnitrene RS(O)N, a highly reactive α‐oxo nitrene, has been rarely investigated. Upon flash vacuum pyrolysis of sulfinyl azide CF3S(O)N3 at 350 °C, an elusive sulfinylnitrene CF3S(O)N was generated in the gas phase in its singlet ground state and was characterized by matrix‐isolation IR spectroscopy. Further fragmentation of CF3S(O)N at 600 °C produced CF3 and a novel iminyl radical OSN, an SO2 analogue, which were unambiguously identified by IR spectroscopy. Consistent with the experimental observations, DFT calculations clearly support a stepwise decomposition mechanism of CF3S(O)N3.
Light‐Powered Self‐Healable Metallosupramolecular Soft Actuators
Authors: Borré Etienne , Stumbé Jean‐François , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Mauro Matteo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSupramolecular functional materials able to respond to external stimuli have several advantages over their classical covalent counterparts. The preparation of soft actuators with the ability to respond to external stimuli in a spatiotemporal fashion, to self‐repair, and to show directional motion, is currently one of the most challenging research goals. Herein, we report a series of metallopolymers based on zinc(II)–terpyridine coordination nodes and bearing photoisomerizable diazobenzene units and/or solubilizing luminescent phenylene–ethynylene moieties. These supramolecular polymers act as powerful gelating agents at low critical gelation concentrations. The resulting multiresponsive organogels display light‐triggered mechanical actuation and luminescent properties. Furthermore, owing to the presence of dynamic coordinating bonds, they show self‐healing abilities.
Sensitized Two‐NIR‐Photon Z→E Isomerization of a Visible‐Light‐Addressable Bistable Azobenzene Derivative
Authors: Moreno Javier , Gerecke Mario , Grubert Lutz , Kovalenko Sergey A. , Hecht Stefan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTwo‐NIR‐photon‐triggered Z→E isomerization of an azobenzene was accomplished by covalently linking a two‐photon‐harvesting triarylamine antenna to a thermally stable ortho‐fluorinated azobenzene derivative. The obtained photoswitch is fully addressable with visible and NIR light by using one‐photon and two‐photon excitation, respectively, with the latter offering enhanced penetration depth and improved spatial resolution.
Beitrag zum Studium von Phasengrenzreaktionen Gas—Festkörper: Das System H2, H2S/Ag2S
Authors: Roy P. , Schmalzried H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDurch Messung des elektrischen Stromes, der bei Oxydation bzw. Reduktion des Silbersulfids mit H2/H2S‐Gemischen in der galvanischen Kette Ag/AgJ/Ag2S/H2, H2S/Pt fließt, wird für elektrochemisch vorgegebene Komponentenaktivitäten im Silbersulfid die Geschwindigkeit der Phasengrenzreaktion Gas‐Festkörper bei 300 °C bestimmt. Aus der gemessenen Abhängigkeit der Reduktions‐ bzw. Oxydationsgeschwindigkeit von der Silberaktivität im Silbersulfid wird abgeleitet, daß die Phasengrenzreaktion durch die Gleichung H2(g) + S2− (ad) = H2S(g) + 2e'(Ag2S) beschrieben werden kann. Bei hohen Schwefelaktivitaten im Ag2S wird H2S zu H2S2 oxydiert. Die Geschwindigkeit dieser Reaktion wird ebenfalls gemessen und gedeutet.By measuring the electrical current during oxydation or reduction of Ag2S by H2/H2S‐mixtures at 300 °C in the galvanic cell Ag/AgJ/Ag2S/H2, H2S/Pt as a function of the silver activity in Ag2S one obtains the rate of the phase boundary reaction gas‐solid. From these measurements one can conclude that the phase boundary reaction should be formulated as H2(g) + S2− (ad) = H2S(g) + 2e'(Ag2S). At high sulfur activities in silver sulfide H2S is oxidized to H2S2. The rate of this reaction is also measured and interpreted.
Zur Kenntnis von Lösungssystemen in tief siedenden Lösungsmitteln 2. Mitteilung: Die Systeme Alkaliamid/Ammoniak
Authors: Schenk Peter W. , Tulhoff Helmut 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEs wird über die Untersuchung der Systeme NaNH2/NH3, KNH2/NH3, RbNH2/NH3 und CsNH2/NH3, berichtet, wobei das erstere System mit einer modifizierten Methode nach Ruff und Geisel und die drei letzteren Systeme mit der in Mitteilung 1 beschriebenen neuen Methode im Temperaturbereich zwischen — 30 und — 70 °C untersucht wurden. Löslichkeitsdaten für die verschiedenen Alkaliamide sowie die Natur der mit der Lösung jeweils im Gleichgewicht stehenden Bodenkörper werden angegeben. Auch die Dichten der Lösungen warden bestimmt. Das System KNH2/NH3 wird eingehender untersucht und die Lage von zwei Quadrupelpunkten festgelegt.
Dilatometrically Determined Volumes of Neutralization for a Series of Differently Charged Octahedral Aquo and Ammine Complexes in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kitamura Y. , van Eldik R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractReaction volumes at infinite dilution (ΔV̄0) were obtained at 25°C using a Carlsberg dilatometer for 19 reactions of the type MAz + OH− → MBz‐1 + H2O, where M = Pt(IV), Rh(III) and Co(III); A = H2O, NH3 and C2O4H; B = OH, NH2 and C2O4; and z = charge on complex which was varied between 4 + and 2‐ by selecting appropriate non‐participating ligands. The values of ΔV̄0 strongly depend on z and range from 35.5 ± 0.4 for Pt(NH3)64+ to 2.4 ± 0.3 cm3 mol−1 for Co(CN)5OH22‐. The results are consistent with the fundamental theories concerning electrostriction effects, and ΔV̄0 can be expressed as ΔV̄0 = (14.5 ± 0.8) ‐ (2.5 ± 0.2) Δz2 cm3 mol−1 where Δz2 = (z‐1)2‐z2. In addition it was found that ΔV̄0 = 22.1 ± 0.1 cm3 mol−1 for the neutralization reaction of a strong acid.
Direct Evidence for the Participation of Oxygen Vacancies in the Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide over Ceria‐Supported Gold Catalysts by using Operando Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Lohrenscheit Marno , Hess Christian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSupported gold catalysts are highly active for a variety of reactions, including low‐temperature CO oxidation. It has been shown that reducible support materials, for example, ceria and titania, may significantly alter catalytic performance. However, the current understanding of the CO oxidation mechanism of such gold catalysts is still incomplete, as important details such as the activation of oxygen and the role of oxygen vacancies are unknown. To elucidate the role of the ceria support during room‐temperature CO oxidation, we employed operando Raman spectroscopy by simultaneously recording the Raman spectra of the catalyst and the gas‐phase FTIR spectra. Our results give first direct spectroscopic evidence for the participation of oxygen vacancies in the oxidation of CO over ceria‐supported gold, which thus underlines the crucial role of the support material for detailed understanding of the mode of operation of supported gold catalysts.
Homonuclear Mixed‐Valent Cobalt Imidazolate Framework for Oxygen‐Evolution Electrocatalysis
Authors: Flügel Erik A. , Lau Vincent W‐h. , Schlomberg Hendrik , Glaum Robert , Lotsch Bettina V. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHerein, the synthesis and characterization of the first mixed‐valent, purely cobalt‐based zeolitic imidazolate framework, CoII3CoIII2(C3H3N2)12 is presented. The material adopts the cubic garnet‐type structure and combines high thermal stability of up to 350 °C with excellent chemical stability. Electrochemical characterization showed that the cobalt centres are redox active and efficiently support oxygen evolution, thus rendering this framework a potential candidate for single‐site heterogeneous catalysis based on earth‐abundant elements.
Overall Water Splitting on the Transition‐Metal Oxynitride Photocatalyst LaMg1/3Ta2/3O2N over a Large Portion of the Visible‐Light Spectrum
Authors: Pan Chengsi , Takata Tsuyoshi , Domen Kazunari 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOne of the main targets of studies on water splitting photocatalysts is to develop semiconductor materials with narrower bandgaps capable of overall water splitting for efficient harvesting of solar energy. A series of transition‐metal oxynitrides, LaMgxTa1−xO1+3xN2−3x (x≥1/3), with a complex perovskite structure was reported as the first example of overall water splitting operable at up to 600 nm. The photocatalytic behavior of LaMg1/3Ta2/3O2N was investigated in detail in order to optimize photocatalyst preparation and water‐splitting activity. Various attempts exploring photocatalyst preparation steps, that is, cocatalyst selection, coating material and method, and synthesis method for the oxide precursor, revealed photocatalyst structures necessary for achieving overall water splitting. Careful examination of photocatalyst preparation procedures likely enhanced the quality of the produced photocatalyst, leading to a more homogeneous coating quality and semiconductor particles with fewer defects. Thus, the photocatalytic activity for water splitting on LaMg1/3Ta2/3O2N was largely enhanced.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Strontium Dinickel Iron Orthophosphate.
Authors: Ouaatta Said , Assani Abderrazzak , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSrNi2Fe(PO4)3 is prepared by drying a stoichiometric HNO3 solution of the metal nitrates followed by calcination of the residue in air (Pt crucible, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Structures of Thallium (I) Thorium Fluorides and Crystal Chemistry of Monovalent Tetravalent Cation Pentafluorides.
Authors: Oudahmane Abdelghani , El‐Ghozzi Malika , Jouffret Laurent , Avignant Daniel 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSingle crystals of TlThF5 (I) are prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of TlF and ThF4 (Pt tube, 753 K, 3 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Host‐Sensitized Photoluminescence and Coordination Environment Evolution in Ba6 (Bi1‐xTbx)9B79O138 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1).
Authors: Li Qiaoqi , Cong Rihong , Gao Wenliang , Yang Tao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe title compounds are prepared by solid state reaction of H3BO3 (10% excess), Bi2O3, BaCO3, and Tb4O7 (staged heating, 700‐850 °C, 15 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of CaCu5‐Type RNi3TSi (R: Gd and Tb, T: Mn, Fe, Co and Cu) Compounds.
Authors: Morozkin A. V. , Knotko A. V. , Yapaskurt V. O. , Yao Jinlei , Yuan Fang , Mozharivskyj Y. , Nirmala R. , Quezado S. , Malik S. K. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLnNi3TSi (Ln: Gd, Tb; T: Mn, Fe, Co, Cu) compounds with the CaCu5‐type structure (space group P6/mmm, powder XRD) are prepared by arc melting of stoichiometric amounts of the elements and subsequent annealing under argon (1070 K, 200 h).