bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction between gravity waves and solar tides in a linear tidal model with a 4‐D ray‐tracing gravity‐wave parameterization
Authors: Ribstein B. , Achatz U. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGravity waves (GWs) play an important role in atmospheric dynamics. Due to their short wavelengths, they must be parameterized in current weather and forecast models, which cannot resolve them explicitly. We are here the first to report the possibility and the implication of having an online GW parameterization in a linear but global model that incorporates their horizontal propagation, the effects of transients and of horizontal background gradients on GW dynamics. The GW parameterization is based on a ray‐tracer model with a spectral formulation that is safe against numerical instabilities due to caustics. The global model integrates the linearized primitive equations to obtain solar tides (STs), with a seasonally dependent reference climatology, forced by a climatological daily cycle of the tropospheric and stratospheric heating, and the (instantaneous) GW momentum and buoyancy flux convergences resulting from the ray tracer. Under a more conventional “single‐column” approximation, where GWs only propagate vertically and do not respond to horizontal gradients of the resolved flow, GW impacts are shown to be significantly changed in comparison with “full” experiments, leading to significant differences in ST amplitudes and phases, pointing at a sensitive issue of GW parameterizations in general. In the full experiment, significant semidiurnal STs arise even if the tidal model is only forced by diurnal heating rates. This indicates that an important part of the tidal signal is forced directly by GWs via their momentum and buoyancy deposition. In general, the effect of horizontal GW propagation and the GW response to horizontal large‐scale flow gradients is rather observed in nonmigrating than in migrating tidal components.
Ionospheric ion temperature climate and upper atmospheric long‐term cooling
Authors: Zhang Shun‐Rong , Holt John M. , Erickson Philip J. , Goncharenko Larisa P. , Nicolls Michael J. , McCready Mary , Kelly John 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIt is now recognized that Earth's upper atmosphere is experiencing a long‐term cooling over the past several solar cycles. The potential impact of the cooling on societal activities is significant, but a fundamental scientific question exists regarding the drivers of the cooling. New observations and analyses provide crucial advances in our knowledge of these important processes. We investigate ionospheric ion temperature climatology and long‐term trends using up‐to‐date large and consistent ground‐based data sets as measured by multiple incoherent scatter radars (ISRs). The very comprehensive view provided by these unique observations of the upper atmospheric thermal status allows us to address drivers of strong cooling previously observed by ISRs. We use observations from two high‐latitude sites at Sondrestrom (invariant latitude 73.2°N) from 1990 to 2015 and Chatanika/Poker Flat (invariant latitude 65.9°N) over the span of 1976–2015 (with a gap from 1983 to 2006). Results are compared to conditions at the midlatitude Millstone Hill site (invariant latitude 52.8°N) from 1968 to 2015. The aggregate radar observations have very comparable and consistent altitude dependence of long‐term trends. In particular, the lower F region (<275 km) exhibits dayside cooling trends that are significantly higher (−3 to −1 K/yr at 250 km) than anticipated from model predictions given the anthropogenic increase of greenhouse gases. Above 275 km, cooling trends continue to increase in magnitude but values are strongly dependent on magnetic latitude, suggesting the presence of significant downward influences from nonneutral atmospheric processes.
Exploring a Lead‐free Semiconducting Hybrid Ferroelectric with a Zero‐Dimensional Perovskite‐like Structure
Authors: Sun Zhihua , Zeb Aurang , Liu Sijie , Ji Chengmin , Khan Tariq , Li Lina , Hong Maochun , Luo Junhua 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPerovskite lead halides (CH3NH3PbI3) have recently taken a promising position in photovoltaics and optoelectronics because of remarkable semiconducting properties and possible ferroelectricity. However, the potential toxicity of lead arouses great environmental concern for widespread application. A new chemically tailored lead‐free semiconducting hybrid ferroelectric is reported, N‐methylpyrrolidinium)3Sb2Br9 (1), which consists of a zero‐dimensional (0‐D) perovskite‐like anionic framework connected by corner‐ sharing SbBr6 coordinated octahedra. It presents a large ferroelectric spontaneous polarization of approximately 7.6 μC cm−2, as well as notable semiconducting properties, including positive temperature‐dependent conductivity and ultraviolet‐sensitive photoconductivity. Theoretical analysis of electronic structure and energy gap discloses a dominant contribution of the 0‐D perovskite‐like structure to the semiconducting properties of the material. This finding throws light on the rational design of new perovskite‐like hybrids, especially lead‐free semiconducting ferroelectrics.
Influence of sodium on deactivation and regeneration of SCR catalyst during utilization of Zhundong coals
Authors: Du Yongbo , Wang Chang'an , Lv Qiang , Deng Lei , Che Defu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractZhundong coals have a super huge reserve and many excellent characteristics. However, the sodium content in Zhundong coal is extremely high, which can accelerate the deactivation of the V‐W‐TiO2 selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts. In the present work, the solution impregnation method was adopted to investigate the effect of alkali metals deposition on the SCR catalysts, while various approaches were employed to regenerate the poisoned catalysts. Experimental results indicate that sodium deposition significantly deactivates the catalytic performance of SCR catalysts and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) presents the most serious deactivation. The catalytic ability of sodium poisoned catalyst is only slightly recovered by water washing, whereas it could be improved to approach that of the fresh catalyst by acid solution washing. The regeneration effect of sulfation with SO2 is between those of water washing and acidic solution washing. Further characterizations validated that the deactivation is mainly caused by the damage of surface acid sites. Acidic solution can remove more than 75 wt% of the deposited sodium and provide new acid sites on catalyst surface. Therefore, acidic solution washing is a satisfactory method to regenerate poisoned SCR catalysts for power plants firing high‐sodium coals. © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In situ AFM study of near‐surface crystallization in PET and PEN
Authors: Shinotsuka Kei , Assender Hazel 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe surface crystallization behavior of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN) spin‐coated thin films was compared by means of atomic force microscopy (AFM) with an in situ heating stage. As the films were heated up stepwise, characteristic surface crystals appeared at a crystallization temperature (Tc) in the near‐surface region which is about 15 °C under the bulk Tc, and were replaced by bulk crystals when the temperature was increased to the bulk Tc. In the case of films whose thickness is less than 70 nm (PET) and 60 nm (PEN), significant increases in the bulk Tc were observed. Scanning force microscopy (SFM) force‐distance curve measurements showed that the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the near‐surface region of PET and PEN were 22.0 and 26.6 °C below their bulk Tg (obtained by DSC). After the onset of surface crystallization, edge‐on and flat‐on crystals appeared at the free surface of PET and PEN thin films, whose morphologies are very different to those of the bulk crystals. Although the same general behavior was observed for both polyesters, there are significant differences both the influence of the surface and substrate on the transition temperatures, and in morphology of the surface crystals. These phenomena are discussed in terms of the differences in the mobility of polymer chains near the surface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44269.
Meta-analysis of closure of the fascial defect during laparoscopic incisional and ventral hernia repair
Authors: Tandon A , Pathak S , Lyons N J R , Nunes Q M , Daniels I R , Smart N J 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Background
Laparoscopic incisional and ventral hernia repair (LIVHR) is being used increasingly, with reported outcomes equivalent to those of open hernia repair. Closure of the fascial defect (CFD) is a technique that may reduce seroma formation and bulging after LIVHR. Non-closure of the fascial defect makes the repair of larger defects easier and reduces postoperative pain. The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether CFD affects the rate of adverse outcomes, such as recurrence, pseudo-recurrence, mesh eventration or bulging, and the rate of seroma formation.

Methods
A systematic search was performed of PubMed, Ovid, the Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Scopus to identify RCTs that analysed CFD with regard to rates of adverse outcomes. A meta-analysis was done using fixed-effect methods. The primary outcome of interest was adverse events. Secondary outcomes were seroma, postoperative pain, mean hospital stay, mean duration of operation and surgical techniques employed.

Results
A total of 16 studies were identified involving 3638 patients, 2963 in the CFD group and 675 in the non-closure of facial defect group. Significantly fewer adverse events were noted following CFD than non-closure (4·9 per cent (79 of 1613) versus 22·3 per cent (114 of 511)), with a combined risk ratio (RR) of 0·25 (95 per cent c.i. 0·18 to 0·33; P &lt; 0·001). CFD resulted in a significantly lower rate of seroma (2·5 per cent (39 of 1546) versus 12·2 per cent (47 of 385)), with a combined RR of 0·37 (0·23 to 0·57; P &lt; 0·001), and shorter duration of hospital stay. No significant difference was noted in postoperative pain.

Conclusion
CFD during LIVHR reduces the rate of seroma formation and adverse hernia-site events.
A rapid MCM‐41 dispersive micro‐solid phase extraction coupled with LC/MS/MS for quantification of ketoconazole and voriconazole in biological fluids
Authors: Yahaya Noorfatimah , Sanagi Mohd Marsin , Abd Aziz Noorizan , Wan Ibrahim Wan Aini , Nur Hadi , Loh Saw Hong , Kamaruzaman Sazlinda 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA rapid dispersive micro‐solid phase extraction (D‐μ‐SPE) combined with LC/MS/MS method was developed and validated for the determination of ketoconazole and voriconazole in human urine and plasma samples. Synthesized mesoporous silica MCM‐41 was used as sorbent in d‐μ‐SPE of the azole compounds from biological fluids. Important D‐μ‐SPE parameters, namely type desorption solvent, extraction time, sample pH, salt addition, desorption time, amount of sorbent and sample volume were optimized. Liquid chromatographic separations were carried out on a Zorbax SB‐C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3.5 μm), using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–0.05% formic acid in 5 mm ammonium acetate buffer (70:30, v/v). A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer with positive ionization mode was used for the determination of target analytes. Under the optimized conditions, the calibration curves showed good linearity in the range of 0.1–10,000 μg/L with satisfactory limit of detection (≤0.06 μg/L) and limit of quantitation (≤0.3 μg/L). The proposed method also showed acceptable intra‐ and inter‐day precisions for ketoconazole and voriconazole from urine and human plasma with RSD ≤16.5% and good relative recoveries in the range 84.3–114.8%. The MCM‐41‐D‐μ‐SPE method proved to be rapid and simple and requires a small volume of organic solvent (200 μL); thus it is advantageous for routine drug analysis.
A multipurpose test and measurement module with touchscreen and computer interface for engineering and technical education
Authors: Ari Murat 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTTest and measurement devices (TMD) are the core tools for the engineering and technical education on the field of electrical and electronics. This study is mainly concentrated on the development of a low cost, multifunction original equipment manufacturer (OEM) product intended to be used in conventional TMD free educational training sets. An enhancement on the interactive learning is also demonstrated as a consequence of embedding computer interfaced TMD to the conventional sets. While the technical requirements for such an embedded system can be achieved by the use of high end microprocessors or FPGAs, this study is aimed to develop a cost effective solution with the low end microcontrollers which is only available with hardware and firmware optimization during the design cycle. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:905–913, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21760
Defining optimal activated clotting time for percutaneous coronary intervention: A systematic review and Bayesian meta‐regression
Authors: Mottillo Salvatore , Filion Kristian B. , Joseph Lawrence , Eisenberg Mark J. 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundGuidelines recommend routine monitoring of unfractionated heparin (UFH) with activated clotting time (ACT) during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, the optimal ACT for patients undergoing PCI is unclear.MethodsWe sought to determine the association of peak ACT during PCI with 30‐day major adverse cardiac events (MACE; all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction, and revascularization) and bleeding events. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and Medline for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating UFH through May 2015. Only patients randomized to UFH alone or to UFH with a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor (GPI) were analyzed using Bayesian meta‐regression.ResultsAmong 13 included RCTs (n = 17455), eight (n = 5521) included study arms of UFH alone and 12 (n = 11934) included arms of UFH with a GPI. Peak ACT ranged from 201 to 460 sec for UFH alone and 248–317 sec for UFH with a GPI. With UFH alone, the probability of MACE was 7.0% (95% credible interval [CrI] 1.5, 31.5) for a peak ACT of 200 sec and 5.8% (95% CrI 2.6, 12.0) for 300 sec. Among UFH with a GPI, the probability of MACE was 2.8% (95% CrI 0.8, 6.8) for a peak ACT of 200 sec and 7.2% (95% CrI 5.4, 9.7) for 300 sec.ConclusionAmong individual RCTs, the probability of MACE and major bleeding events associated with low versus high values of peak ACT is inconsistent. Our meta‐regression results are inconclusive, emphasizing the need for RCTs comparing low versus high doses of UFH. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Aerobic Benzylic C(sp3)−H Oxygenations with the 3DDQ*/tert‐Butyl Nitrite Co‐catalytic System
Authors: Rusch Fabian , Schober Jan‐Christian , Brasholz Malte 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPhotocatalytic aerobic benzylic C(sp3)−H oxygenations of aromatic hydrocarbons and C3‐substituted indoles were studied by employing a co‐catalytic system of 3DDQ* (DDQ=2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone) and tert‐butyl nitrite. The superior efficiency of these reaction conditions was demonstrated by comparison with the analogous thermal protocol, and a range of substrates could be oxidized catalytically and selectively in good yields.
The Taylor‐Couette Disc Contactor
Authors: Grafschafter Annika , Aksamija Enes , Siebenhofer Matthäus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Taylor‐Couette disc contactor is a hydrodynamic hybrid of a rotating disc contactor and a Taylor‐Couette contactor. For application in reactive bioseparations, this type of liquid‐liquid contactor may offer advantageous operation features. This paper summarizes the design characteristics of the Taylor‐Couette disc contactor. For hydrodynamic characterization, experimental data of the mean Sauter diameter and dispersed‐phase hold‐up were compared with results predicted by empirical correlations, which were originally developed for rotating disc contactors. Several correlations were modified for the application on Taylor‐Couette disc contactors. Operation characteristics have been deduced from mass‐transfer experiments on the pilot‐plant scale.
Support stance in carers of adults with eating disorders: Factors associated with collaborative versus directive approaches
Authors: Geller Josie , Srikameswaran Suja , Iyar Megumi , Zelichowska Joanna , Thibodeau Michel , Brown Krista E. , Dunn Erin C. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe support provided by family and friends is integral to patient motivation and clinical outcomes across health care populations. However, little is known about factors that promote or interfere with the type of support offered.ObjectiveThis research examined factors associated with collaborative versus directive support among carers of adults with eating disorders.MethodParticipants were mothers, fathers, partners, friends, and siblings (N = 141) of eating disorder patients in hospital or residential treatment. Two methodologies were used to assess directive and collaborative support stance: a questionnaire of support behaviors and coded responses to clinical vignettes. Measures of interpersonal functioning, psychiatric distress, caregiving experience, and closeness with their loved one were also completed.ResultsAlthough carers rated a collaborative stance as more helpful than a directive stance, 60% of responses to the clinical vignettes were directive. Across both methodologies, collaborative support behaviors were associated with beliefs about helpful support and with a less vindictive and cold interpersonal style. Whereas use of a directive support stance was exclusively associated with negative caregiving experiences, collaborative responses were associated with both positive and negative experiences.DiscussionAlthough the benefits of collaborative support have been well established, this is the first study to examine factors associated with the use of support stance. Findings suggest a number of ways to help carers create and maintain collaborative relationships, including addressing beliefs and interpersonal style and capitalizing on both positive and negative experiences with their loved one. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.(Int J Eat Disord 2017; 50:498–505)
Short‐term selective thinning effects on hydraulic functionality of a temperate pine forest in eastern Canada
Authors: Skubel Rachel A. , Khomik Myroslava , Brodeur Jason J. , Thorne Robin , Arain M. Altaf 
Published: August 2016

AbstractForest plantations are commonly used to restore the ecological and hydrological functionality of landscapes. In this study, we investigated the hydrological response of a 74‐year‐old pine plantation forest in southern Ontario, Canada to a selective thinning, wherein 30% of trees were harvested in winter of 2012. Tree‐level and ecosystem‐level water fluxes were monitored from 2011 to 2013 using sapflow and eddy‐covariance techniques, and were compared with an adjacent 39‐year‐old pine plantation forest that was not thinned. In the 74‐year‐old forest, transpiration declined after thinning in the 2012 growing season, while tree‐level water transport increased despite a severe drought. Time lag between sapflow and ecosystem evapotranspiration showed that the older stand had a significantly shorter time lag when compared to the younger stand, particularly in the thinning year. Linear regression modeling indicated that this was likely due to higher soil moisture status in the older stand versus the younger forest. Hydraulic redistribution of soil water was apparent during drought periods in both forests and did not appear to be negatively affected by the thinning treatment in the older forest. We conclude that selective low density thinning did not negatively impact the forest's response to seasonal drought, and that the availability of more soil moisture as a result of thinning may improve the resilience of the forest to future climatic extreme events such as drought.
Data‐Driven Controller Tuning for Nonminimum Phase Plants with Stability Constraints
Authors: MATSUO RYOTA , YUBAI KAZUHIRO , YASHIRO DAISUKE , HIRAI JUNJI 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThis paper addresses the model reference control problem, which is a typical control problem found in data‐driven controller tuning methods. For nonminimum phase plants, the unstable zeros of the plant should be included in the reference to avoid destabilization of the resulting closed‐loop system and improve tracking performance. First, we propose a data‐driven controller tuning method with closed‐loop stability taken into consideration and with the tuned controller parameters in the time domain. If the plant has unstable zero(s), the proposed method would not lead to destabilizing controller in the worst case. Closed‐loop stability is checked using linear inequalities described with input/output data. This contributes to reducing computation in the proposed method. Moreover, this paper proposes a data‐driven controller tuning method for nonminimum phase plants estimating the unstable zero(s) using a flexible reference model at each parameter update and reflecting them into the resulting reference model. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed through numerical experiments.
Theoretical Concept of Hydrogen Redox Electric Power Generation
Authors: ONO KATSUTOSHI 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThis paper demonstrates the electric power generator with both zero energy input and zero matter input and emission without violating the laws of thermodynamics. The hydrogen redox power generation system is a combined energy cycle consisting of the H2O reduction by the electrostatic induction hydrogen electrolytic cell for the synthesis of pure stoichiometric H2‐O2 fuel and the H2 oxidation to H2O by the fuel cell. The electrostatic induction potential superposed hydrogen electrolytic cell works on the mechanism in which, on the theoretical base, power used is 17% of the total electrical energy required, while the remaining 83% can be provided by the electrostatic energy free of power. Part of the power delivered by the fuel cell is returned to the electrolytic cell, and the remainder represents the net power output. For high‐power applications, the cycle power efficiency defined as the ratio of net power output outside the generator to power delivered by the H2‐O2 fuel cell is of primary interest. According to calculations using the operational data of alkaline water electrolysis in industries, the cycle power efficiencies exceed 70%.