bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How Australian general practitioners engage in discussions about alcohol with their patients: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Miller Emma R , Ramsey Imogen J , Tran Ly Thi , Tsourtos George , Baratiny Genevieve , Manocha Ramesh , Olver Ian N 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate factors that inhibit and facilitate discussion about alcohol between general practitioners (GPs) and patients.DesignData analysis from a cross-sectional survey.Setting and participants894 GP delegates of a national health seminar series held in five capital cities of Australia in 2014.Main outcome measuresLikelihood of routine alcohol enquiry; self-assessed confidence in assessing and managing alcohol issues in primary healthcare.ResultsMost GPs (87%) reported that they were likely to routinely ask patients about their alcohol consumption and had sufficient skills to manage alcohol issues (74%). Potential barriers to enquiring about alcohol included perceptions that patients are not always honest about alcohol intake (84%) and communication difficulties (44%). ‘I usually ask about alcohol’ was ranked by 36% as the number one presentation likely to prompt alcohol discussion. Altered liver function test results followed by suspected clinical depression were most frequently ranked in the top three presentations. Suspicious or frequent injuries, frequent requests for sickness certificates and long-term unemployment were ranked in the top three presentations by 20% or less. Confidence in managing alcohol issues independently predicted likelihood to ‘routinely ask’ about alcohol consumption. Lack of time emerged as the single most important barrier to routinely asking about alcohol. Lack of time was predicted by perceptions of competing health issues in patients, fear of eliciting negative responses and lower confidence in ability to manage alcohol-related issues.ConclusionsImproving GPs' confidence and ability to identify, assess and manage at-risk drinking through relevant education may facilitate greater uptake of alcohol-related enquiries in general practice settings. Routine establishment of brief alcohol assessments might improve confidence in managing alcohol issues, reduce the time burden in risk assessment, decrease potential stigma associated with raising alcohol issues and reduce the potential for negative responses from patients.
Does place of death vary by deprivation for patients known to specialist palliative care services?
Authors: Macfarlane Michael , Carduff Emma 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesReferral to, and usage of, specialist palliative care (SPC) services are not equitable and social deprivation may be a contributory factor in this. Deprivation may also affect the place of death of patients with cancer. No study, however, has investigated whether inequalities persist following referral to SPC services. This study investigates whether place of death varies by deprivation for patients known to SPC services.MethodsPlace of death and postcode were obtained for 485 consecutive patients known to SPC services within NHS Lothian who died in 2014–2015. From this information, deprivation quintile (DQ) was derived using the Scottish Index of Multiple Deprivation (SIMD) database and place of death compared between DQs and analysed statistically.ResultsAcross all DQs, patients known to SPC services were more likely to die in the hospice than at home or in hospital. There was, however, a small but statistically significant difference in the ratio of hospital deaths compared to hospice deaths between the DQs, with higher death rates in hospital for the most deprived compared to the least deprived and higher death rates in the hospice for the least deprived compared to the most deprived.ConclusionsThis study suggests that even after referral to specialist palliative care services variation in place of death by deprivation persists. Greater deprivation is associated with increased likelihood of dying in hospital and decreased likelihood of dying in a hospice, although no difference was noted for home deaths.
Spontaneous destructive periodontitis and skeletal bone damage in transgenic mice carrying a human shared epitope-codingHLA-DRB1allele
Authors: Gehlot Prashasnika , Volk Sarah L , Rios Hector F , Jepsen Karl J , Holoshitz Joseph 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveShared epitope (SE)-codingDRB1alleles are associated with bone erosion in several diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and periodontal disease (PD), but the underlying mechanism is unknown. We have recently identified the SE as an osteoclast-activating ligand. To better understand the biological effects of the SE in vivo, here we sought to determine whether it can facilitate spontaneous bone damage in naïve mice.Methods3-month old naïve transgenic mice that carry the human SE-coding alleleDRB1*04:01, or a SE-negative alleleDRB1*04:02were studied.Bone tissues were analysed by micro-CT, and the tooth-supporting tissues were studied by histology, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Serum biomarkers were determined by ELISA.ResultsTransgenic mice expressing the SE-codingDRB1*04:01 allele, but not mice carrying the SE-negative alleleDRB1*04:02, showed spontaneous PD associated with interleukin (IL)-17 overabundance and periostin disruption. Mandibular bone volumetric and mineralisation parameters were significantly lower in SE-positive mice, and alveolar bone resorption was significantly increased in these mice. SE-positive mice also had more slender tibiae, and their marrow, cortical and total areas were lower than those of SE-negative mice. Additionally, significantly increased serum IL-17, tumour necrosis factor-α and osteoprotegrin levels were found in SE-positive mice, while their receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand levels were significantly lower.ConclusionsA human SE-coding allele increases the propensity to spontaneous bone-destructive periodontal inflammation and skeletal bone damage in transgenic mice. These findings provide new insights into the previously documented but poorly understood association of the SE with accelerated bone erosion in RA and several other human diseases.
Effects of prefabricated hole structure on cold-pressing joining reliability between dissimilar sheets
Authors: Jin Cheng Chuang , Li Feng , Wang Mo Nan , Bao Ze Ping 
Published: December 2016

The structural form of prefabricated holes is one of the important factors to determine the quality and reliability of cold-pressing joining between dissimilar sheets. Different numbers of holes with the same area will lead to different wall thickness distributions and joining strengths. This paper takes the cold-pressing joining between AA1100 pure aluminum sheet and SS304 stainless steel sheet as an example, the further study results show that the end of aluminum sheet has an increasing tendency along the directions of length and width in the process of cold-pressing joining. The wall thickness of joints shows a symmetrical distribution on both sides and the joining thickness decreases from the center to both sides sequentially. With the continuous increase of the punch loading pressure, the average thinning ratio of the joints becomes larger. By contrast, when the other parameters are all the same, the joining strength is the most ideal when the punch loading pressure is 250 kN. The loading pressure which is too small or large is easy to cause an insufficient joining strength or defects. This paper provides a scientific basis in this aspect for optimizing the cold-pressing joining plan and designing a reasonable joint structure. It can also promote the existing cold-pressing joining technologies to be mature, and enrich the existing solid-state joining technology.
Thermal, structural and optical investigation of Cu-doped ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Chithra Maruthanayagam Jay , Pushpanathan Kuppusamy 
Published: December 2016

Well-dispersed undoped and copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn[Formula: see text]Cu[Formula: see text]O, [Formula: see text] = 0, 1, 5 and 10 wt.%) have been synthesized by precipitation method at room temperature. X-ray diffraction data revealed that the undoped and copper-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles are in phase pure wurtzite structure and the crystallite size increases from 24 nm to 36 nm with increase in dopant concentration. The optical band gap was found to decrease with increasing dopant concentration, which clearly indicates the blue shift. High-resolution scanning electron microscope image shows that the synthesized samples consist of an assembly of nanopetals. Transmission electron microscope image also confirmed the average particle size of 20–50 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum shows that the prepared samples are free from impurities. Photoluminescence spectra exposed that copper ions are doped into the lattice positions of ZnO. A simultaneous differential scanning calorimeter/thermogravimetric analysis combination was used to study the phase variations.
A Reconfiguration Algorithm for Power-Aware Parallel Applications
Authors: De Sensi Daniele , Torquati Massimo , Danelutto Marco 
Published: December 2016

In current computing systems, many applications require guarantees on their maximum power consumption to not exceed the available power budget. On the other hand, for some applications, it could be possible to decrease their performance, yet maintain an acceptable level, in order to reduce their power consumption. To provide such guarantees, a possible solution consists in changing the number of cores assigned to the application, their clock frequency, and the placement of application threads over the cores. However, power consumption and performance have different trends depending on the application considered and on its input. Finding a configuration of resources satisfying user requirements is, in the general case, a challenging task.In this article, we propose Nornir, an algorithm to automatically derive, without relying on historical data about previous executions, performance and power consumption models of an application in different configurations. By using these models, we are able to select a close-to-optimal configuration for the given user requirement, either performance or power consumption. The configuration of the application will be changed on-the-fly throughout the execution to adapt to workload fluctuations, external interferences, and/or application’s phase changes. We validate the algorithm by simulating it over the applications of the Parsecbenchmark suit. Then, we implement our algorithm and we analyse its accuracy and overhead over some of these applications on a real execution environment. Eventually, we compare the quality of our proposal with that of the optimal algorithm and of some state-of-the-art solutions.
STAT1 Promotes KRAS Colon Tumor Growth and Susceptibility to Pharmacological Inhibition of Translation Initiation Factor eIF4A
Authors: Wang Shuo , Darini Cedric , Désaubry Laurent , Koromilas Antonis E. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The transcription factor STAT1 displays antitumor functions for certain forms of cancer via immunoregulatory and cell-autonomous pathways. Paradoxically, STAT1 can promote the survival of different tumor types treated with chemotherapeutic drugs through mechanisms that are not clearly defined. Herein, we demonstrate that STAT1 displays prosurvival effects in human KRAS colon tumor cells by regulating pathways that converge on the initiation of mRNA translation. Specifically, STAT1 increases PI3K class IB signaling and promotes the downregulation of the programmed cell death protein 4 (PDCD4), a protein with tumor-suppressive properties. PDCD4 downregulation by STAT1 increases the activity of the translation initiation factor eIF4A, which facilitates the cap-independent translation of mRNAs encoding for the antiapoptotic XIAP and BCL-XL in colon tumors with mutated but not normal KRAS. Genetic inactivation of STAT1 impairs the tumorigenic potency of human KRAS colon tumor cells and renders them resistant to the antitumor effects of the pharmacologic inhibition of eIF4A in culture and immunodeficient mice. Our data demonstrate an important connection between mRNA translation and KRAS tumorigenesis under the control of STAT1, which can determine the susceptibility of KRAS tumors to pharmacologic inhibition of mRNA translation initiation. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 3055–63. ©2016 AACR.
MicroRNA-146a Induces Lineage-Negative Bone Marrow Cell Apoptosis and Senescence by Targeting Polo-Like Kinase 2 Expression
Authors: Deng Shanming , Wang Huilan , Jia Chunling , Zhu Shoukang , Chu Xianming , Ma Qi , Wei Jianqin , Chen Emily , Zhu Wei , Macon Conrad J. , Jayaweera Dushyantha T. , Dykxhoorn Derek M. , Dong Chunming 
Published: December 2016

Objective—
Lineage-negative bone marrow cells (lin− BMCs) are enriched in endothelial progenitor cells and mediate vascular repair. Aging-associated senescence and apoptosis result in reduced number and functionality of lin− BMCs, impairing their prorepair capacity. The molecular mechanisms underlying lin− BMC senescence and apoptosis are poorly understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate many important biological processes. The identification of miRNA-mRNA networks that modulate the health and functionality of lin− BMCs is a critical step in understanding the process of vascular repair. The aim of this study was to characterize the role of the miR-146a–Polo-like kinase 2 (Plk2) network in regulating lin− BMC senescence, apoptosis, and their angiogenic capability.

Approach and Results—

Transcriptome analysis in lin− BMCs isolated from young and aged wild-type and ApoE
−/−
(apolipoprotein E) mice showed a significant age-associated increase in miR-146a expression. In silico analysis, expression study and Luciferase reporter assay established Plk2 as a direct target of miR-146a. miR-146a overexpression in young lin− BMCs inhibited Plk2 expression, resulting in increased senescence and apoptosis, via p16Ink4a/p19Arf and p53, respectively, as well as impaired angiogenic capacity in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, suppression of miR-146a in aged lin− BMCs increased Plk2 expression and rejuvenated lin− BMCs, resulting in decreased senescence and apoptosis, leading to improved angiogenesis.

Conclusions—
(1) miR-146a regulates lin− BMC senescence and apoptosis by suppressing Plk2 expression that, in turn, activates p16Ink4a/p19Arf and p53 and (2) modulation of miR-146a or its target Plk2 may represent a potential therapeutic intervention to improve lin− BMC–mediated angiogenesis and vascular repair.
Hospital Variation in Time to Epinephrine for Nonshockable In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Khera Rohan , Chan Paul S. , Donnino Michael , Girotra Saket 
Published: December 2016

Background:
For patients with in-hospital cardiac arrests attributable to nonshockable rhythms, delays in epinephrine administration beyond 5 minutes is associated with worse survival. However, the extent of hospital variation in delayed epinephrine administration and its effect on hospital-level outcomes is unknown.

Methods:
Within Get With The Guidelines-Resuscitation, we identified 103 932 adult patients (≥18 years) at 548 hospitals with an in-hospital cardiac arrest attributable to a nonshockable rhythm who received at least 1 dose of epinephrine between 2000 and 2014. We constructed 2-level hierarchical regression models to quantify hospital variation in rates of delayed epinephrine administration (>5 minutes) and its association with hospital rates of survival to discharge and survival with functional recovery.

Results:

Overall, 13 213 (12.7%) patients had delays to epinephrine, and this rate varied markedly across hospitals (range, 0%–53.8%). The odds of delay in epinephrine administration were 58% higher at 1 randomly selected hospital in comparison with a similar patient at another randomly selected hospital (median odds ratio, 1.58; 95% confidence interval, 1.51–1.64). The median risk-standardized survival rate was 12.0% (range, 5.4%–31.9%), and the risk-standardized survival with functional recovery was 7.4% (range, 0.9%–30.8%). There was an inverse correlation between a hospital’s rate of delayed epinephrine administration and its risk-standardized rate of survival to discharge (ρ=–0.22,
P
<0.0001) and survival with functional recovery (ρ=–0.14,
P
=0.001). In comparison with a median survival rate of 12.9% (interquartile range, 11.1%–15.4%) at hospitals in the lowest quartile of epinephrine delay, risk-standardized survival was 16% lower at hospitals in the quartile with the highest rate of epinephrine delays (10.8%; interquartile range, 9.7%–12.7%).

Conclusions:
Delays in epinephrine administration following in-hospital cardiac arrest are common and variy across hospitals. Hospitals with high rates of delayed epinephrine administration had lower rates of overall survival for in-hospital cardiac arrest attributable to nonshockable rhythm. Further studies are needed to determine whether improving hospital performance on time to epinephrine administration, especially at hospitals with poor performance on this metric, will lead to improved outcomes.
The Languages of Diaspora and Return
Authors: Spolsky Bernard 
Published: December 2016

AbstractUntil quite recently, the term Diaspora (usually with the capital) meant the dispersion of the Jews in many parts of the world. Now, it is recognized that many other groups have built communities distant from their homeland, such as Overseas Chinese, South Asians, Romani, Armenians, Syrian and Palestinian Arabs. To explore the effect of exile on language repertoires, the article traces the sociolinguistic development of the many Jewish Diasporas, starting with the community exiled to Babylon, and following through exiles in Muslim and Christian countries in the Middle Ages and later. It presents the changes that occurred linguistically after Jews were granted full citizenship. It then goes into details about the phenomenon and problem of the Jewish return to the homeland, the revitalization and revernacularization of the Hebrew that had been a sacred and literary language, and the rediasporization that accounts for the cases of maintenance of Diaspora varieties.
Sodium 4-Phenylbutyrate Attenuates Myocardial Reperfusion Injury by Reducing the Unfolded Protein Response
Authors: Takatori Osamu , Usui Soichiro , Okajima Masaki , Kaneko Shuichi , Ootsuji Hiroshi , Takashima Shin-ichiro , Kobayashi Daisuke , Murai Hisayoshi , Furusho Hiroshi , Takamura Masayuki 
Published: December 2016

Background: The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a pivotal role in ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in various organs such as heart, brain, and liver. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate (PBA) reportedly acts as a chemical chaperone that reduces UPR. In the present study, we evaluated the effect of PBA on reducing the UPR and protecting against myocardial I/R injury in mice. Methods: Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 30-minute myocardial I/R, and were treated with phosphate-buffered saline (as a vehicle) or PBA. Results: At 4 hours after reperfusion, mice treated with PBA had reduced serum cardiac troponin I levels and numbers of apoptotic cells in left ventricles (LVs) in myocardial I/R. Infarct size had also reduced in mice treated with PBA at 48 hours after reperfusion. At 2 hours after reperfusion, UPR markers, including eukaryotic initiation of the factor 2α-subunit, activating transcription factor-6, inositol-requiring enzyme-1, glucose-regulated protein 78, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein, and caspase-12, were significantly increased in mice treated with vehicle compared to sham-operated mice. Administration of PBA significantly reduced the I/R-induced increases of these markers. Cardiac function and dimensions were assessed at 21 days after I/R. Sodium 4-phenylbutyrate dedicated to the improvement of cardiac parameters deterioration including LV end-diastolic diameter and LV fractional shortening. Consistently, PBA reduced messenger RNA expression levels of cardiac remodeling markers such as collagen type 1α1, brain natriuretic peptide, and α skeletal muscle actin in LV at 21 days after I/R. Conclusion: Unfolded protein response mediates myocardial I/R injury. Administration of PBA reduces the UPR, apoptosis, infarct size, and preserved cardiac function. Hence, PBA may be a therapeutic option to attenuate myocardial I/R injury in clinical practice.
The psychological wellbeing of Iranian journalists: a descriptive study
Authors: Feinstein Anthony , Feinstein Saul , Behari Maziar , Pavisian Bennis 
Published: December 2016

Objective Iran ranks 173 out of 180 countries on an index of press freedom. The purpose of the study was to assess the psychological wellbeing of Iranian journalists and document the stressors encountered in their work. Design A secure website was established and participants were given their unique identifying number and password to access the site. Setting Newsrooms in Iran and the diaspora. Participants Responses were received from 114 journalists (76%) of whom 65.8% were living in the diaspora. The mean age was 37.8 years (SD = 7.30) and 57% male. Main outcomes measures Type of stressor and behavioural data: Impact of Event Scale-revised for posttraumatic stress disorder, Beck Depression Inventory-II for depression. Results Stressors include arrest (41.2%), torture (19.3%), assault (10.5%), intimidation (51.4%) and family threatened (43.1%). Eighty nine (78.1%) journalists had stopped working on a story because of intimidation. Arrest, torture, intimidation and family threatened were associated with more intrusive and arousal PTSD symptoms (p < .01 to .001) and assault and intimidation with more depressive symptoms (p < .05). Almost a third of Iranian journalists regularly used barbiturates, with use correlating with symptoms of intrusion (p < .0001), avoidance (p < .01), arousal (p < .0001) and depression (p < .0001). 46.5% of Iranian journalists were not receiving therapy for their distress. Conclusions The findings, the first of their kind, provide data highlighting the extraordinary degree of danger confronted by Iranian journalists, their emotional distress in response to this and their proclivity to self-medicate with barbiturates.
Acute promyelocytic leukemia: preventing early complications and late toxicities
Authors: Abedin Sameem , Altman Jessica K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAcute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a unique subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), which presents with a distinct coagulopathy. Therapeutic advances have made APL one of the true success stories in oncology, transforming this once lethal disease into the most curable form of AML. For many patients, cure will now be achieved without the use of chemotherapy. It is hoped that limiting chemotherapy will reduce mortality even further, particularly among more vulnerable older adults whose survival lagged behind that of younger patients. It should be noted that early death persists in patients with APL and continues to negatively affect survival. Further, among survivors treated with chemotherapy or even arsenic trioxide (ATO), there remains the potential for long-term toxicities that must be monitored. Understanding the management of these issues is an important complement to ensure maximal survival for patients with APL.