bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ketamine Anesthesia, Efficacy of Electroconvulsive Therapy, and Cognitive Functions in Treatment-Resistant Depression
Authors: Rybakowski Janusz K. , Bodnar Anna , Krzywotulski Milosz , Chlopocka-Wozniak Maria , Michalak Michal , Rosada-Kurasinska Jowita , Bartkowska-Sniatkowska Alicja 
Published: March 2016

Objectives
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for drug-resistant depression (DRD). Because a single infusion of ketamine may exert both a rapid antidepressant effect and a quick improvement of cognition, the aim of the present study was to assess whether ketamine, as an anesthetic drug for ECT, can augment the antidepressant activity of the procedure and/or exert a beneficial effect on cognition.

Methods
A total of 11 male and 34 female patients with DRD, aged 21 to 75 years, were included in the study. Fifteen patients (group 1) received only thiopental anesthesia, 15 patients (group 2) had their second and third ECT sessions with ketamine, and 15 patients (group 3) had ketamine for the second, fourth, sixth, eighth, and tenth sessions. Depression intensity was measured by the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Cognitive functions were measured before and after ECT, assessing visual-spatial abilities, verbal auditory memory, working memory, and executive functions.

Results
Before the ECT, the mean (SD) intensity of depression was 32 (6) points on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the mean number of ECT sessions was 10.8 (1.5), with no difference between groups. After the last ECT session, the intensity of depression was significantly lower in group 3, compared with group 1. Cognitive assessments after ECT showed a more marked worsening in verbal memory in patients with added ketamine anesthesia.

Conclusions
The addition of ketamine may be connected with better antidepressant efficacy of ECT, compared with only thiopental anesthesia. However, patients with added ketamine had worse results on some of the indices measuring verbal memory.
A trail camera imagery dataset of contrasting shrub and open microsites within the Carrizo Plain National Monument, San Luis Obispo County, California
Authors: Noble Taylor J. , Lortie Christopher J. , Westphal Michael , Butterfield H. Scott 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundCarrizo Plain National Monument is one of the largest remaining patches of San Joaquin Desert left within the Central Valley of California. It is home to many threatened and endangered species including the San Joaquin kit fox, blunt-nosed leopard lizard, and giant kangaroo rat. The dominant plant lifeform is shrubs. The speciesEphedra californicacomprises a major proportion of the community within this region and likely also provides key ecosystem services. We used motion sensor trail cameras to examine interactions between animals and these shrubs. This technology is a less invasive alternative to other animal surveying methods such as line transects, radio tracking, and spotlight surveys. Cameras were placed within the shrub understory and in the open (i.e. non-canopied) microhabitats at ground level to estimate animal activity.FindingsTrail cameras were successful in detecting the presence of animal species at shrub and open microhabitats. A total of 20 cameras were deployed from April 1st, 2015 to July 5th, 2015 at paired shrub/open microsites at three locations along Elkhorn Road in Carrizo Plain National Monument (35.1914° N, 119.7929° W). Each independent site was approximately 1 km2. Over 440,000 pictures (both of animals and triggers from vegetation moving in the wind) were taken during this time. The trigger rate was very high on the medium sensitivity camera setting in this desert ecosystem, and the rates did not differ between shrub and open microsites. The raw data (.jpeg images) are publicly available for download from GigaDB.ConclusionsMotion sensor trail cameras are an effective, non-invasive alternative survey method for collecting data on presence/absence of desert animals. We detected mammals, reptiles, birds, and also insects in 0.4% of the images. We also successfully detected the Federally-listed blunt-nosed leopard lizard. A more extensive array of cameras within the Carrizo Plain National Monument could thus be an effective tool to estimate the presence of this species along with the presence of other animals.
DrosophilaMutants that Are Motile but Respond Poorly to All Stimuli Tested
Authors: Vang Lar L. , Adler Julius 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTAdultDrosophila melanogasterfruit flies were placed into one end of a tube near to repellents (benzaldehyde and heat) and away from the other end containing attractants (light and a favored temperature). They escaped from the repellents and went to the attractants. Five motile mutants that failed to do that were isolated. They did not respond to any external attractants tested or external repellents tested. In addition, they did not respond well to internal sensory stimuli like hunger, thirst, and sleep. The mutants, although motile, failed to respond to stimuli at both 34°C and at room temperature. Some of the mutants have been mapped. It is proposed that the information from the different sensory receptors comes together at an intermediate, called “inbetween” (Inbet), that brings about a behavioral response. The Boss is defined here.
Signatures of archaic adaptive introgression in present-day human populations
Authors: Racimo Fernando , Marnetto Davide , Huerta-Sánchez Emilia 
Published: March 2016

AbstractComparisons of DNA from archaic and modern humans show that these groups interbred, and in some cases received an evolutionary advantage from doing so. This process - adaptive introgression - may lead to a faster rate of adaptation than is predicted from models with mutation and selection alone. Within the last couple of years, a series of studies have identified regions of the genome that are likely examples of adaptive introgression. In many cases, once a region was ascertained as being introgressed, commonly used statistics based on both haplotype as well as allele frequency information were employed to test for positive selection. Introgression by itself, however, changes both the haplotype structure and the distribution of allele frequencies, thus confounding traditional tests for detecting positive selection. Therefore, patterns generated by introgression alone may lead to false inferences of positive selection. Here we explore models involving both introgression and positive selection to investigate the behavior of various statistics under adaptive introgression. In particular, we find that the number and allelic frequencies of sites that are uniquely shared between archaic humans and specific present-day populations are particularly useful for detecting adaptive introgression. We then examine the 1000 Genomes dataset to characterize the landscape of uniquely shared archaic alleles in human populations. Finally, we identify regions that were likely subject to adaptive introgression and discuss some of the most promising candidate genes located in these regions.
Exploring the phenotypic consequences of tissue specific gene expression variation inferred from GWAS summary statistics
Authors: Barbeira Alvaro N. , Dickinson Scott P. , Torres Jason M. , Zheng Jiamao , Torstenson Eric S. , Wheeler Heather E. , Shah Kaanan P. , Bonazzola Rodrigo , Garcia Tzintzuni , Edwards Todd ,   GTEx Consortium, Nicolae Dan L. , Cox Nancy J. , Im Hae Kyung 
Published: March 2016

AbstractScalable, integrative methods to understand mechanisms that link genetic variants with phenotypes are needed. Here we derive a mathematical expression to compute PrediXcan (a gene mapping approach) results using summary data (S-PrediXcan) and show its accuracy and general robustness to misspecified reference sets. We apply this framework to 44 GTEx tissues and 100+ phenotypes from GWAS and meta-analysis studies, creating a growing public catalog of associations that seeks to capture the effects of gene expression variation on human phenotypes. Replication in an independent cohort is shown. Most of the associations were tissue specific, suggesting context specificity of the trait etiology. Colocalized significant associations in unexpected tissues underscore the need for an agnostic scanning of multiple contexts to improve our ability to detect causal regulatory mechanisms. Monogenic disease genes are enriched among significant associations for related traits, suggesting that smaller alterations of these genes may cause a spectrum of milder phenotypes.
The behaviour of hoverfly larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) lessens the effects of floral subsidy in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Laubertie Elsa A. , Wratten Steve D. , Magro Alexandra , Hemptinne Jean-Louis 
Published: March 2016

AbstractModern agricultural landscapes favour crop pests: herbivores benefit from resource concentration and/or the absence of natural enemies in large areas of intensively farmed fields interspersed by small fragments of natural or non-crop habitats.Conservation biological control (CBC) aims at increasing the functional diversity of agricultural landscapes to make them more hospitable to natural enemies, and less to herbivores. Although natural enemies readily respond to this management, very few studies assess if they succeed in effectively protecting crops.We set up a field experiment to study if an ecological infrastructure varying in size and consisting of the provision of floral resources at the centre of lettuce plots would influence the number of eggs laid by hoverflies, and ultimately the control of lettuce aphids. We found that the hoverfly females lay more eggs in the plots with the larger flower resource compared to the control. However, this response had no impact on the abundance of aphids on the lettuces.We designed two laboratory experiments to understand this absence of response. We found mutual interference between hoverfly larvae, and suggest it may undermine the biological control of aphids.This mismatch between landscape management and the response of hoverflies indicates CBC should take into account insect behaviour, particularly their response to conspecific density, additionally to landscape ecology.
Single cell chemotactic responses ofHelicobacter pylorito urea in a microfluidic chip
Authors: Weng Xuan , Neethirajan Suresh , Vogt Adam 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHelicobacter pyloriis a spiral-shaped bacterium that grows in the human digestive tract; it infects ~50% of the global population.H. pyloriinduce inflammation, gastroenteritis, and ulcers, which is associated with significant morbidity and may be linked to stomach cancer in certain individuals. Motility is an essential virulence factor forH. pylori, allowing it to migrate toward and invade the epithelial lining of the stomach to shelter it from the harsh environment of the stomach.H. pylorisenses pH gradients and use polar flagella to move towards the epithelium where the pH approaches neutrality. However, its chemotaxis behaviors are incompletely understood. Previous in vitro tests examining the response ofH. pylorito chemical gradients have been subjected to substantial limitations. To more accurately mimic/modulate the cellular microenvironment, a nanoporous microfluidic device was used to monitor the real time chemotactic activity of single cell ofH. pyloriin response to urea. The results showed that microfluidic method is a promising alternative for precisely studying chemotactic behavior of bacteria.
Managing adaptive orientation systems for museum visitors from an IoT perspective
Authors: Solima Ludovico , Della Peruta Maria Rosaria , Maggioni Vincenzo 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Starting from the premises that Internet of Things (IoT) applications can be used in museums as an aid to visiting systems, the purpose of this paper is to see how recommendation systems can be developed to provide advanced services to museum visitors.

Design/methodology/approach
– The research methodology employs a qualitative exploratory multi-case study: the method used has consisted in crossing the information currently known on the most advanced communication technologies (ICT) with the requirements of enhancing museum services, in order to determine the possible trajectories of applying the former to the latter.

Findings
– The implementation of recommender system outlines the main implications and effects of an advanced market-driven digital orientation, as the system’s users are the starting point for innovation and the creation of value. For a museum, it will be possible to access to an additional system of knowledge alongside that of its scientific staff. This process has profound implications in the way in which a museum presents itself and how it is perceived by its visitors and, in a wider sense, by the potential demand.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper consists in an exploratory effort to introduce an analytical framework for an evolved adaptive museum orientation system; the empirical investigation can be structured in the inductive-predictive view of assessing this promising debate further.

Originality/value
– Implementing the IoT blueprint entails introducing a plethora of new products, services and business models, opening new routes to guide and direct cultural events. Now, more than ever, sustainable development involves an intrinsic balancing act between the pluralism of data and that of customer needs, which is achieved through the elaboration of digital data.
The bank of things
Authors: Del Giudice Manlio , Campanella Francesco , Dezi Luca 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the existing relationship between the products offered by the banks of things and the relative return on equity (ROE). This can be used to highlight the benefit of carrying out investments to transform traditional banks into banks of things.

Design/methodology/approach
– The sample used in this empirical research contained 3,692 banks that, in 2013, were located in 28 European countries. To determine whether the Internet of Things (IoT) has an effect on the banks’ profitability, the authors employed the classification analysis method (classification and regression tree).

Findings
– The empirical analysis shows that a high ROE for banks is expressed by the following features: first, banks offer IoT retail services to customers; second, banks offer IoT corporate services to customers; third, banks offer customers a large number of home banking services; and finally, banks offer customers a large number of traditional investment services.

Research limitations/implications
– The survey covers a sample of European banks. It would be necessary to extend the sample to other geographical areas. It would be possible to generalize the results.

Originality/value
– Scientific research on the implications of the “Bank of things” are still few and fragmented.
The effects of old-age stereotypes on organizational productivity (part one)
Authors: Appelbaum Steven H. , Wenger Richard , Pachon Buitrago Carolina , Kaur Ravneet 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine common stereotypes regarding old-age workers and the effect of these stereotypes on organizational productivity, as well as to suggest practical solutions for accommodating old-age workers and increasing productivity in all employees.

Design/methodology/approach
– This three part paper will present a thorough review of relevant literature (1991-2014, with the exception of two studies from 1976) that were conducted on the topics of old-age stereotyping, the effect of old-age stereotyping on organizational productivity, and methods for adequately motivating and managing old-age workers. Studies concerning psychology theories are also examined in order to provide a framework for practical solutions, as well as demographic statistics on population age and employment trends.

Findings
– This paper identifies a number of old-age stereotypes that have decreased organizational productivity in empirical studies, including reluctance to change, decreased learning ability, intelligence and memory, poor health and accidents, higher organizational costs, decreased motivation, and low innovation and productivity. Findings also suggest that old-age workers can positively affect productivity, and that low productivity is often a result of stereotyping.

Research limitations/implications
– The prevalence of old-age stereotyping and its impact on organizational productivity may differ by culture, industry, type of employment, education level, and other factors, and thus further research may be necessary. The literature reviewed may not adequately represent worldwide organizational trends, as the literature is largely comprised of studies performed in North America and Europe.

Practical implications
– Solutions based on these findings are taken directly from the literature or derived from literature on psychology theories, which include self-determination theory, socio-emotional selectivity theory, and selective optimization and compensation theory. The practical solutions proposed address work environment, motivation, rewards, flexibility, and the loss and gain of resources in old-age workers.

Social implications
– The proportion of old-age workers is increasing and it is therefore necessary to determine ways to adequately integrate old-age workers in the workforce. Furthermore, this can raise productivity in all employees.

Originality/value
– This paper demonstrates that old-age stereotyping is both prevalent and detrimental within an organizational context. These findings and solutions can potentially be used by organizations in order to increase individual and overall productivity.
Factors influencing logistics cost and service quality: a survey within the Indian steel sector
Authors: Jena N , Seth Nitin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to understand the role of economic and social factors influencing the logistics cost for the Indian steel sector and its relationship with the service quality.

Design/methodology/approach
– A structured questionnaire survey is used for the data collection in this research. The questionnaire included different elements of logistics cost on inbound and outbound logistics, and service quality.

Findings
– This research identified various significant elements of logistics cost for Indian steel sector and observed its relationship with transportation cost, warehousing cost and administrative cost. The findings of this study showed positive relationship between logistics cost and service quality.

Research limitations/implications
– The data for this study is cross-sectional; it is recommended that future studies can gather it longitudinally. This will help in gaining deeper understanding of the cause and effect relationship among the variables. The findings of this study are very useful in identifying the suitable training directions.

Practical implications
– Logistics is very critical factor in deciding the competitiveness of steel sector globally. Particularly for steel manufacturing the inbound logistics is more critical as compared to outbound logistics both in terms of volumes and costs.

Social implications
– For the Indian steel manufacturing companies, the logistics cost is very high as compared to other developed countries. Total logistics cost on inbound movements taken into consideration is around 16-18 per cent of material turn-over whereas; the world average is around 7-8 per cent.

Originality/value
– To the best knowledge of the authors, this study is the first attempt to study the relationship of logistics cost elements on the service quality in the context of Indian steel manufacturing sector. The logistics cost in steel industry is considered as one of the top performance measurement of the entrepreneur in this research.
The need for global leadership
Authors: Bernard-Stevens David 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to get individuals understanding how to think differently about leadership and the process for creating ethical leaders with sustainable impact.

Design/methodology/approach
– The author uses his experience as a teacher, a state senator and his own learning experiences from studying and experiencing leadership from the top down. The author has taken concepts from his recently published book: A Leap of Faith: Going, Doing and Changing Ourselves and the World Around Us.

Findings
– There is a huge difference between having a position of authority and that of being a leader. One cannot lead anyone until first learning to lead one’s self. That we must shift how we think from reacting and repeating to responding and creating new possibilities.

Research limitations/implications
– This work is based upon the life experiences of the author. It is limited to that experience and his interpretation of what those experiences can mean for future leaders.

Practical implications
– These concepts can change reality for anyone both professionally and personally. These are concepts for changing ourselves and the world around us to provide meaning and joy regardless of one’s circumstance.

Social implications
– Create a way of thinking and a process for creating authentic, ethical leaders throughout the world whose impact will be both sustainable and resilient in the worlds of today and tomorrow.

Originality/value
– These are concepts taken from the author’s new book which is in the form of letters to his sons (and to us) about his life, experiences and how to be ethical leaders with lives of meaning and joy.
Polish entrepreneurs in Glasgow and entrepreneurial opportunity structure
Authors: Lassalle Paul , McElwee Gerard 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to develop a modelized representation of the concept of opportunity structures for ethnic minority entrepreneurs in Glasgow, Scotland, that incorporates the different demand and supply side dimensions influencing entrepreneurial activity.Design/methodology/approach– An appropriate qualitative research design was implemented in order to capture and understand the influence of contextual dimensions on entrepreneurial behaviour of Polish EMEs in Glasgow. As part of the abductive and reflective process of the research, 21 semi-structured interviews were carried out in with Polish EMEs who are sole-owners of businesses.Findings– By contextualising ethnic minority entrepreneurship, the paper reveals the crucial and ambivalent role played by the community (for resource mobilisation and as the primary market) and by Polish EMEs’ perception of the opportunity structure, on their entrepreneurial behaviour. Moreover, it highlights the importance of the household as a contextual dimension on entrepreneurial decision making among those Polish entrepreneurs in Glasgow.Practical implications– Provides a comprehensive and operational model of opportunity structure for EMEs which can be used an operational tool for both scholars in the field as well as by policy makers. The proposed model constitutes a framework for analysing the influence of different contextual dimensions on EMEs’ entrepreneurial behaviour.Originality/value– The contribution is the provision of an original tool to enable further systematic comparative approaches while conducting research on EMEs across different communities and localities.