bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic implications of the subcellular localization of survivin in glioblastomas treated with radiotherapy plus concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide
Authors: Saito Taiichi , Sugiyama Kazuhiko , Takeshima Yukio , Amatya Vishwa Jeet , Yamasaki Fumiyuki , Takayasu Takeshi , Nosaka Ryo , Muragaki Yoshihiro , Kawamata Takakazu , Kurisu Kaoru 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVECurrently, the standard treatment protocol for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM) includes surgery, radiotherapy, and concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide (TMZ). Various prognostic biomarkers for GBM have been described, including survivin expression. The aim of this study was to determine whether the subcellular localization of survivin correlates with GBM prognosis in patients who received the standard treatment protocol.METHODSThe authors retrospectively examined the subcellular localization of survivin (nuclear, cytoplasmic, or both) using immunohistochemistry in 50 patients with GBM who had received the standard treatment. The relationship between survivin localization and overall survival (OS) was assessed with uni- and multivariate analyses including other clinicopathological factors (age, sex, Karnofsky Performance Scale [KPS] score, extent of resection, the use of second-line bevacizumab, O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase [MGMT] status, and MIB-1 labeling index).RESULTSLog-rank tests revealed that patient age, KPS score, extent of resection, MGMT status, and survivin localization (p < 0.0001) significantly correlated with OS. Multivariate analysis indicated that patient age, MGMT status, and survivin localization significantly correlated with OS. Patients with nuclear localization of survivin had a significantly shorter OS than those in whom survivin expression was exclusively cytoplasmic (median OS 19.5 vs 31.7 months, respectively, HR 5.690, 95% CI 2.068–17.612, p = 0.0006). There was no significant difference in OS between patents whose survivin expression was exclusively nuclear or nuclear/cytoplasmic.CONCLUSIONSNuclear expression of survivin is a factor for a poor prognosis in GBM patients. Subcellular localization of survivin can help to predict OS in GBM patients treated with the standard protocol.
Phase IIb Study of Intranasal Glutathione in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Mischley Laurie K. , Lau Richard C. , Shankland Eric G. , Wilbur Timothy K. , Padowski Jeannie M. 
Published: April 2017

Background: Reduced glutathione (GSH) is an endogenously synthesized tripeptide depleted early in the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and GSH augmentation has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in PD. Objective: This Phase IIb study was designed to evaluate whether a Phase III study of intranasal GSH, (in)GSH, for symptomatic relief is warranted and to determine the most appropriate trial design for a disease-modification study. Methods: This was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of 45 individuals with Hoehn & Yahr Stage 1–3 PD. Participants were randomized to receive intranasal placebo (saline), 100 mg GSH, or 200 mg GSH thrice daily for three months, and were observed over a one-month washout period. Results: All cohorts improved over the intervention period, including placebo. The high-dose group demonstrated improvement in total Unified PD Rating Scale (UPDRS) (–4.6 (4.7), P = 0.0025) and UPDRS motor subscore (–2.2 (3.8), P = 0.0485) over baseline, although neither treatment group was superior to placebo. One participant in the high-dose GSH cohort developed cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: Although predicted improvements in PD total and motor scores were observed, these data do not suggest (in)GSH is superior to placebo after a three month intervention. The symptomatic effects are sufficient to warrant a delayed-start or wash-out design study for disease-modification trials. Whether long-term use of (in)GSH leads to clinical improvements that are sustained and significantly different than placebo will require appropriately-powered longer-duration studies in larger cohorts. The improvement in the placebo arm was more robust than has been observed in previous PD studies and warrants further investigation.
Histology and Surface Ultra-Structure of the Gill of A Minor Carp, <i>Labeo bata</i> (Hamilton)
Authors: Samajdar I. , Mandal D. K. 
Published: April 2017

The histology and surface ultra-structures of the gill epithelium of Labeo bata has been examined through light and electron microscopy. Gill arches bear double rows of primary lamellae and each primary lamella is provided with two rows of delicate rectangular secondary lamellae on its upper and lower surfaces. Gill arches and filaments are lined by thick stratified epithelium while the epithelium of secondary lamella is made up of thin single layered pavement cells. The thin epithelium is supported and kept apart from each other by the pillar cells. The pavement cells are polygonal with well-defined cell boundary and microridges on its apical surface. The epithelial cells are interspersed by large chloride cells located at the base of secondary lamellae and PAS positive mucous cells. Mucous cells are found abundant at the base and tip of the primary lamellae. Taste buds are found on the concave anterior faces of gill arches. The short and soft gill rakers are covered with stratified epithelium. This finding demonstrated that the fish has well developed respiratory system matching to its active life.
Airborne Radioactivity in Hot Lab of Nuclear Medicine
Authors: Ferdous J. , Sharmin N. , Begum A. , Begum A. 
Published: April 2017

In this study, identification and measurement of gamma emitting radionuclides contaminant in air inside the hot lab at the Institute of Nuclear Medicine have been carried out. Air particulate collection has been performed by suction of indoor air through filter paper using Staplex air sampler. The radioactivities of Pb-212, Pb-214, Ac-228, Bi-214, K-40, I-131 and Tc-99m captured by the filter paper were assessed using gamma-ray spectrometry. The observed activities of natural radionuclides in air samples ranged from 0.59 to 295 mBq/m3 with average 143±0.003 mBq/m3 for Pb-212; 13.55 to 1911 mBq/m3 with average 402±0.007 mBq/m3 for Pb-214; 0.69 mBq/m3 to 571 mBq/m3 with average 57.33±0.009 mBq/m3 for Ac-228; 7.85 to 2192 mBq/m3 with average 543±0.014 mBq/m3 for Bi-214 and from 9.89 mBq/m3 to 256 mBq/m3 with average 92.9±0.052 mBq/m3 for K-40. The activities of artificial radionuclides in air filter ranged from 0.19 to 60.67 mBq/m3 with average 6.4±0.0 mBq/m3 for I-131; 0.25 to 40.27 mBq/m3 with average 4.17±0.0 mBq/m3 for Tc-99m. The activity of I-131 is compared with the reported values of other countries of the world. This demonstrated that the work place condition is satisfactory and the level of protection provided to the worker is sufficient.
Experimental insights on Darwin's cross‐promotion hypothesis in tristylous purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)
Authors: Costa Joana , Castro Sílvia , Loureiro João , Barrett Spencer C.H. 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Darwin proposed that the reciprocal arrangement of anthers and stigmas in heterostylous plants promotes cross‐pollination through pollen segregation on pollinators’ bodies. The floral tube in most heterostylous species constrains the feeding posture of pollinators determining the site of contact with sex organs located at different heights within a flower. Here, we evaluate Darwin's hypothesis in tristylous Lythrum salicaria, a species with a partially tubular corolla, and examine the extent to which the location of sex organs within a flower influence compatible and incompatible pollination. We predicted that the proficiency of cross‐pollination would increase for more inserted sex organs due to the restrictions imposed by the floral tube on pollinator positioning.METHODS:We used experimental trimorphic and monomorphic arrays and emasculated flowers to quantify intermorph pollen transfer and capture among all sex‐organ heights, and estimated the contribution of intraflower self‐pollination, geitonogamous self‐pollination, and intramorph outcross pollination to total intramorph pollination.KEY RESULTS:As predicted, disassortative pollination varied significantly with sex‐organ height and was highest for short‐level organs and lowest for long‐level organs. In monomorphic arrays, most intramorph pollination resulted from outcross pollination followed by intraflower and geitonogamous self‐pollination.CONCLUSIONS:Our results provide evidence for the Darwinian hypothesis. Reciprocal herkogamy promoted varying degrees of disassortative pollination with the magnitude strongly influenced by sex‐organ height within a flower.
Anatomy of an Asteroid Breakup: The Case of P/2013 R3
Authors: Jewitt David , Agarwal Jessica , Li Jing , Weaver Harold , Mutchler Max , Larson Stephen 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present an analysis of new and published data on P/2013 R3, the first asteroid detected while disintegrating. Thirteen discrete components are measured in the interval between UT 2013 October 01 and 2014 February 13. We determine a mean, pair-wise velocity dispersion among these components of Δv = 0.33 ± 0.03 m s−1 and find that their separation times are staggered over an interval of ∼5 months. Dust enveloping the system has, in the first observations, a cross-section of ∼30 km2 but fades monotonically at a rate consistent with the action of radiation pressure sweeping. The individual components exhibit comet-like morphologies and also fade except where secondary fragmentation is accompanied by the release of additional dust. We find only upper limits to the radii of any embedded solid nuclei, typically ∼100–200 m (geometric albedo 0.05 assumed). Combined, the components of P/2013 R3 would form a single spherical body with a radius of

m, which is our best estimate of the size of the precursor object. The observations are consistent with rotational disruption of a weak (cohesive strength of ∼50 to 100 N m−2) parent body, ∼400 m in radius. Estimated radiation (YORP) spin-up times of this parent are

, shorter than the collisional lifetime. If present, water ice sublimating at as little as 10−3 kg s−1 could generate a torque on the parent body rivaling the YORP torque. Under conservative assumptions about the frequency of similar disruptions, the inferred asteroid debris production rate is ≳103 kg s−1, which is at least 4% of the rate needed to maintain the Zodiacal Cloud.
The Broadband Spectral Variability of Holmberg IX X-1
Authors: Walton D. J. , Fürst F. , Harrison F. A. , Middleton M. J. , Fabian A. C. , Bachetti M. , Barret D. , Miller J. M. , Ptak A. , Rana V. , Stern D. , Tao L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
We present results from four new broadband X-ray observations of the extreme ultraluminous X-ray source Holmberg IX X-1 (

erg s−1), performed by Suzaku and NuSTAR in coordination. Combined with the archival data, we now have broadband observations of this remarkable source from six separate epochs. Two of these new observations probe lower fluxes than seen previously, allowing us to extend our knowledge of the broadband spectral variability exhibited. The spectra are well fit by two thermal blackbody components that dominate the emission below 10 keV, as well as a steep (

) power-law tail that dominates above ∼15 keV. Remarkably, while the 0.3–10.0 keV flux varies by a factor of ∼3 between all these epochs, the 15–40 keV flux varies by only ∼20%. Although the spectral variability is strongest in the ∼1–10 keV band, both of the thermal components are required to vary when all epochs are considered. We also revisit the search for iron absorption features by leveraging the high-energy NuSTAR data to improve our sensitivity to extreme velocity outflows in light of the ultra-fast outflow recently detected in NGC 1313 X-1. Iron absorption from a similar outflow along our line of sight can be ruled out in this case. We discuss these results in the context of super-Eddington accretion models that invoke a funnel-like geometry for the inner flow, and propose a scenario in which we have an almost face-on view of a funnel that expands to larger radii with increasing flux, resulting in an increasing degree of geometrical collimation for the emission from intermediate-temperature regions.
Itinéraire d’une « bonne pratique » : la Banque mondiale et les conditional cash transfers en Amérique latine et aux Philippines
Authors: Diaz Pablo 
Published: April 2017

Cette étude se propose d'affiner la compréhension des processus à travers lesquels les « bonnes pratiques » sont définies et redéfinies dans les interactions complexes entre organisations internationales et gouvernements nationaux. Plusieurs enquêtes de terrain menées en Amérique latine et aux Philippines sur les programmes de conditional cash transfers mettent en lumière les mécanismes qui sous-tendent la standardisation, la mise en circulation et l’importation des modèles de politique publique. Le cas de la Banque mondiale, notamment, permet une réflexion sur les nouvelles modalités d'action des institutions financières internationales qui, afin de paraître moins coercitives, se présentent comme des intermédiaires éclairés entre des pays du Sud fournisseurs ou demandeurs de solutions d'action publique, tout en instrumentalisant leurs « innovations » dans le but de s’assurer un statut d’expert. Au demeurant, la capacité de réappropriation de certains pays des Suds est telle que leurs innovations peuvent déboucher sur l'émergence d'une nouvelle variante de la « bonne pratique » (une sorte de version 1.2), susceptible de devenir la nouvelle norme en vigueur.
La recomposition de la norme du « zéro alcool pendant la grossesse » dans le contexte du binge drinking
Authors: Simmat-Durand Laurence , Toutain Stéphanie 
Published: April 2017

Les nouveaux comportements de consommation d’alcool des jeunes femmes, avec le développement des alcoolisations ponctuelles importantes ou binge drinking, impliquent des risques en matière de grossesse pour la mère et l’enfant à naître. Les données quantitatives pour mesurer ces alcoolisations ponctuelles importantes autour de l’âge moyen à la maternité – 25 à 34 ans – en France sont lacunaires. L’analyse des forums d’échange sur Internet fait émerger que les femmes tendent à recomposer la norme en conciliant binge drinking en début de grossesse avant de se savoir enceintes et zéro alcool dès lors que la grossesse est connue. Cette recomposition de la norme est légitimée, d’une part, par le discours des professionnels de santé délivrant davantage un message de modération qu’un message d’abstinence. Et d’autre part, cette question n’est pas non plus investie par la prévention ou les politiques publiques qui peinent déjà à obtenir un consensus autour de la norme de l’abstinence « Zéro Alcool pendant la grossesse ».
La fratrie in utero
Authors: Farges François , Farges Nicole 
Published: April 2017

La rencontre échographique entre les parents, l’échographiste et le fœtus est, dans certaines conditions, ouverture vers la vie « psychique » prénatale. La présence d’un « autre », le jumeau, proto-objet à demeure, nous donne à voir et à penser la naissance du lien fraternel in statu nascendi . La rêverie parentale fait exister ce lien en parlant à (et de) ces sujets en devenir. Notre regard et notre écoute se déplacent alors vers un « avant-coup » du côté des mythes originaires. La psychanalyse contemporaine recherche les conditions d’émergence de la vie psychique et s’intéresse à l’archaïque. Elle ne peut que s’enrichir de l’apport de cette nouvelle clinique autour de l’échographie, la seule qui permette de (re)franchir le col utérin…
La fratrie germaine dans la recomposition familiale : le point de vue de l’enfant
Authors: Djo Lou Charlotte , Zaouche-Gaudron Chantal 
Published: April 2017

Notre objectif est d’analyser la représentation que l’enfant a de sa fratrie germaine dans la recompo-sition familiale. Dans le cadre de l’approche bioécosystémique de Bronfenbrenner (1996), des entretiens semi-directifs ont été réalisés auprès de 23 enfants. Il en ressort que les relations dans la fratrie germaine constituent, pour la moitié d’entre eux, une ressource pour l’enfant, de par la continuité et le soutien qu’elles apportent. D’autres types de relation, « neutre » ou « contrainte », peuvent aussi être déclinés étant à la fois continue et soutenante.
De l’exigence du bébé spectateur
Authors: Basset Virginie 
Published: April 2017

Les bébés et jeunes enfants sont des spectateurs fabuleux : leur présence, leur regard, leur compréhension, leur attention, peuvent être intenses et entiers. Des qualités qui questionnent les adultes sur la manière de concevoir les propositions artistiques pour la toute petite enfance : quel accueil ? Quels accompagnements ? Quels temps ? Quand les subtilités du regard des jeunes enfants nous interrogent sur notre relation au spectacle vivant…
Deux regards d’écrivains sur le monde musulman en crise
Authors: Rivet Daniel 
Published: April 2017

Le 13 Novembre a retenti sur ma pratique d’historien du Maghreb. Il m’a enjoint à parler de l’islam non à partir de la culture du djihad qui traverse l’histoire des sociétés du monde musulman, mais par rapport au régime de temporalité régissant les musulmans du temps présent. J’ai pris appui sur deux romans écrits à la fin du 20 e siècle : Le Livre des Illuminations de l’Égyptien Gamal al Ghitany et L’Amour, la fantasia de l’Algérienne Assia Djebar. À travers ces deux ouvrages, émergent deux attitudes envers l’écoulement du temps : ou bien le saisir comme une réalité achronique, où passé et présent se confondent dans une perspective eschatologique (Gamal al Ghitany), ou bien restituer le cours de la durée pour agir sur le temps présent (Assia Djebar).
Les débuts difficiles de l’École nationale d’administration (1945-1958)
Authors: Prost Antoine 
Published: April 2017

Envisagée depuis longtemps, la réforme du recrutement et de la formation des hauts fonctionnaires avait échoué. Le Front populaire n’était pas parvenu à créer une École nationale d’administration. Elle naît en 1945 dans le cadre d’une reconstruction d’ensemble de la haute fonction publique, l’une des grandes réformes de la Libération. Mais ce double caractère lui vaut d’une part une longue résistance des administrations qu’elle dérange, et d’autre part, durant les années 1950, l’hostilité des parlementaires de droite qui contestent sa pédagogie, tentent de l’épurer et lui infligent des brimades. Il faut attendre la Cinquième République pour qu’elle sorte de ces difficultés.
Performance evaluation of tuberculosis smear microscopists working at rechecking laboratories in Ethiopia
Authors: Asrat Habtamu , Kebede Abebaw , Abebe Abnet , Meaza Abyot , Hailu Getinet , Desale Adinew , Gashu Andargachew , Kassa Wondwossen , Mekonnen Tesfaye , Abose Ebisea , Girmachew Feven , Yenealem Dereje , Mulugeta Achamyeleh , Ayana Gonfa , Desta Kassu 
Published: April 2017

Background: Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. According to the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health’s 2013–2014 report, the tuberculosis case detection rate was 53.7%, which was below the target of 81% set for that year.Objective: This study assessed the performance of tuberculosis smear microscopists at external quality assessment rechecking laboratories in Ethiopia.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 81 laboratories from April to July 2015. Panel slides were prepared and validated at the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory. The validated panel slides were used to evaluate the performance of microscopists at these laboratories compared with readers from the reference laboratory.Results: A total of 389 external quality assessment rechecking laboratory microscopists participated in the study, of which 268 (68.9%) worked at hospitals, 241 (62%) had more than five years of work experience, 201 (51.7%) held Bachelors degrees, and 319 (82%) reported tuberculosis smear microscopy training. Overall, 324 (83.3%) participants scored ≥ 80%. Sensitivity for detecting tuberculosis bacilli was 84.5% and specificity was 93.1%. The overall percent agreement between participants and reference readers was 87.1 (kappa=0.72). All 10 slides were correctly read (i.e., scored 100%) by 80 (20.6%) participants, 156 (40.1%) scored 90% – 95%, 88 (22.6%) scored 80% – 85% and 65 (16.7%) scored below 80%. There were 806 (20.7%) total errors, with 143 (3.7%) major and 663 (17%) minor errors.Conclusion: The overall performance of participants in reading the slides showed good agreement with the reference readers. Most errors were minor, and the ability to detect tuberculosis bacilli can be improved through building the capacity of professionals.
Development and use of a clinical decision support tool for behavioral health screening in primary care clinics
Authors: Burdick Timothy , Kessler Rodger 
Published: April 2017

SummaryObjective: Screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment (SBIRT) for behavioral health (BH) is a key clinical process. SBIRT tools in electronic health records (EHR) are infrequent and rarely studied. Our goals were 1) to design and implement SBIRT using clinical decision support (CDS) in a commercial EHR; and 2) to conduct a pragmatic evaluation of the impact of the tools on clinical outcomes.Methods: A multidisciplinary team designed SBIRT workflows and CDS tools. We analyzed the outcomes using a retrospective descriptive convenience cohort with age-matched comparison group. Data extracted from the EHR were evaluated using descriptive statistics.Results: There were 2 outcomes studied: 1) development and use of new BH screening tools and workflows; and 2) the results of use of those tools by a convenience sample of 866 encounters. The EHR tools developed included a flowsheet for documenting screens for 3 domains (depression, alcohol use, and prescription misuse); and 5 alerts with clinical recommendations based on screening; and reminders for annual screening. Positive screen rate was 21% (≥1 domain) with 60% of those positive for depression. Screening was rarely positive in 2 domains (11%), and never positive in 3 domains. Positive and negative screens led to higher rates of documentation of brief intervention (BI) compared with a matched sample who did not receive screening, including changes in psychotropic medications, updated BH terms on the problem list, or referral for BH intervention. Clinical process outcomes changed even when screening was negative.Conclusions: Modified workflows for BH screening and CDS tools with clinical recommendations can be deployed in the EHR. Using SBIRT tools changed clinical process metrics even when screening was negative, perhaps due to conversations about BH not captured in the screening flowsheet. Although there are limitations to the study, results support ongoing investigation.Citation: Burdick TE, Kessler RS. Development and use of a clinical decision support tool for behavioral health screening in primary care clinics. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 412–429 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-04-RA-0068
Mind the gap: Australian local government reform and councillors’ understandings of their roles
Authors: Tan Su Fei , Morris Alan , Grant Bligh 
Published: April 2017

Over the last two decades a feature of local government reforms globally has been the introduction of New Public Management (NPM). Under this broad approach to public administration there is an expectation that councillors play a greater strategic role and move away from involvement in day-to-day management. This research, carried out in the state of Victoria, Australia, examines councillors’ understandings of their roles. Based on 17 in-depth interviews and two focus groups, we found that despite the evolving legislative requirements framing councillors as policymakers not managers, most councillors continued to seek involvement in the day-to-day management of councils. We argue that this gap may be linked to the diversity of views concerning the role of the councillor and the idea of representation and how both play out at the local level. It may also signal a lack of awareness as to how the legislatively inscribed role for councillors has changed over time.