bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cluster analysis in empirical OM research: survey and recommendations
Authors: Brusco Michael J. , Singh Renu , Cradit J. Dennis , Steinley Douglas 
Published: February 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold. First, the authors provide a survey of operations management (OM) research applications of traditional hierarchical and nonhierarchical clustering methods with respect to key decisions that are central to a valid analysis. Second, the authors offer recommendations for practice with respect to these decisions.Design/methodology/approachA coding study was conducted for 97 cluster analyses reported in six OM journals during the period spanning 1994-2015. Data were collected with respect to: variable selection, variable standardization, method, selection of the number of clusters, consistency/stability of the clustering solution, and profiling of the clusters based on exogenous variables. Recommended practices for validation of clustering solutions are provided within the context of this framework.FindingsThere is considerable variability across clustering applications with respect to the components of validation, as well as a mix of productive and undesirable practices. This justifies the importance of the authors’ provision of a schema for conducting a cluster analysis.Research limitations/implicationsCertain aspects of the coding study required some degree of subjectivity with respect to interpretation or classification. However, in light of the sheer magnitude of the coding study (97 articles), the authors are confident that an accurate picture of empirical OM clustering applications has been presented.Practical implicationsThe paper provides a critique and synthesis of the practice of cluster analysis in OM research. The coding study provides a thorough foundation for how the key decisions of a cluster analysis have been previously handled in the literature. Both researchers and practitioners are provided with guidelines for performing a valid cluster analysis.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no study of this type has been reported in the OM literature. The authors’ recommendations for cluster validation draw from recent studies in other disciplines that are apt to be unfamiliar to many OM researchers.
Determination of moment tensor and location of microseismic events under conditions of highly correlated noise based on the maximum likelihood method
Authors: Birialtsev E.V. , Demidov D.E. , Mokshin E.V. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWe examine the problem of localization of a single microseismic event and determination of its seismic moment tensor in the presence of strongly correlated noise. This is a typical problem occurring in monitoring of microseismic events from a daylight surface during producing or surface monitoring of hydraulic fracturing. We propose a solution to this problem based on the method of maximum likelihood. We discuss mathematical aspects of the problem, some features and weak points of the proposed approach, estimate the required computing resources, and present the results of numerical experiments. We show that the proposed approach is much more resistant to correlated noises than diffraction stacking methods and time reverse modeling.
Microseismic events enhancement and detection in sensor arrays using autocorrelation‐based filtering
Authors: Liu Entao , Zhu Lijun , Govinda Raj Anupama , McClellan James H. , Al‐Shuhail Abdullatif , Kaka SanLinn I. , Iqbal Naveed 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTPassive microseismic data are commonly buried in noise, which presents a significant challenge for signal detection and recovery. For recordings from a surface sensor array where each trace contains a time‐delayed arrival from the event, we propose an autocorrelation‐based stacking method that designs a denoising filter from all the traces, as well as a multi‐channel detection scheme. This approach circumvents the issue of time aligning the traces prior to stacking because every trace's autocorrelation is centred at zero in the lag domain. The effect of white noise is concentrated near zero lag; thus, the filter design requires a predictable adjustment of the zero‐lag value. Truncation of the autocorrelation is employed to smooth the impulse response of the denoising filter. In order to extend the applicability of the algorithm, we also propose a noise prewhitening scheme that addresses cases with coloured noise. The simplicity and robustness of this method are validated with synthetic and real seismic traces.
Postponing a General Practitioner Visit: Describing Social Differences in Thirty‐One European Countries
Authors: Detollenaere Jens , Van Pottelberge Amelie , Hanssens Lise , Pauwels Lieven , van Loenen Tessa , Willems Sara 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveTo describe social differences in postponing a general practitioner visit in 31 European countries and to explore whether primary care strength is associated with postponement rates.Data SourcesBetween October 2011 and December 2013, the multicountry QUALICOPC study collected data on 61,931 patients and 7,183 general practitioners throughout Europe.Study DesignAccess to primary care was measured by asking the patients whether they postponed a general practitioner visit in the past year. Social differences were described according to patients’ self‐rated household income, education, ethnicity, and gender.Data Collection/Extraction MethodsData were analyzed using multivariable and multilevel binomial logistic regression analyses.Principal FindingsAccording to the variance–decomposition in the multilevel analysis, most of the variance can be explained by patient characteristics. Postponement of general practitioner care is higher for patients with a low self‐rated household income, a low education level, and a migration background. In addition, although the point estimates are consistent with a substantial effect, no statistically significant association between primary care strength and postponement in the 31 countries is determined.ConclusionsDespite the universal and egalitarian goals of health care systems, access to general practitioner care in Europe is still determined by patients’ socioeconomic status (self‐rated household income and education) and migration background.
Case Report of a Migrating Bullet: An Unusual Cause of Postmortem Confusion
Authors: Chute Dennis J. , Newman Kia , Bready Robert J. , Benjamin Eric D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMigrating bullets are rare sequelae of penetrating gunshot wounds. Such cases have been described in the neurosurgical literature because they can produce complications in the management of patients such as decline in neurologic status, delays in rehabilitation, and difficulties in bullet removal. In contrast, few postmortem reports have described this phenomenon. We report a case of a gunshot wound in which the projectile entered the left side of the head and traversed to the right frontal area as documented by CT scan on hospital admission. At autopsy, the bullet was noted to have migrated back to the left side of the head from where it was recovered. Medical examiners need to be aware of this unusual phenomenon of retained intracranial projectiles.
A Comparison of US and Japanese Dental Restorative Care Present on Service Members Recovered from the WWII Era
Authors: Shiroma Calvin Y. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe documentation of dental materials used in the USA during the WWII era is readily available, while references for the Japanese are minimal. It was therefore important to build a photographic database of Japanese restorative care which could be utilized as a comparison tool for the deployed odontologist. The dental restorative care of approximately 400 US and 100 Japanese sets of remains was evaluated. Both countries share many similar restorative techniques to include collared crowns, full‐coverage restorations, cantilever bridge/pontics to close spaces; restorative materials such as amalgam, gold, and zinc phosphate (temporary) restorations; and removable prostheses. The dental restorative materials most commonly used by US dentists include the amalgam and silicate cement, while the full‐coverage crown was the type of restoration most frequently seen on the Japanese remains. Silicates, porcelain and replaceable crowns, and partial‐coverage prepared crowns were not observed on the recovered Japanese remains.
Male age and strain affect ejaculate quality in the Mexican fruit fly
Authors: Herrera‐Cruz Mariana , Abraham Solana , Nuñez‐Beverido Nicolas , Flores‐Estévez Norma , Reyes‐Hernández Martha , Alvarado Mayvi , Pérez‐Staples Diana 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAging in all organisms is inevitable. Male age can have profound effects on mating success and female reproduction, yet relatively little is known on the effects of male age on different components of the ejaculate. Furthermore, in mass‐reared insects used for the Sterile Insect Technique, there are often behavioral differences between mass‐reared and wild males, while differences in the ejaculate have been less studied. The ejaculate in insects is composed mainly of sperm and accessory gland proteins. Here, we studied how male age and strain affected (i) protein quantity of testes and accessory glands, (ii) the biological activity of accessory gland products injected into females, (iii) sperm viability, and (iv) sperm quantity stored by females in wild and mass‐reared Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae). We found lower protein content in testes of old wild males and lower sperm viability in females mated with old wild males. Females stored more sperm when mated to young wild males than with young mass‐reared males. Accessory gland injections of old or young males did not inhibit female remating. Knowledge of how male age affects different ejaculate components will aid our understanding on investment of the ejaculate and possible postcopulatory consequences on female behavior.
Golden Gate Assembly system dedicated to complex pathway manipulation in Yarrowia lipolytica
Authors: Celińska Ewelina , Ledesma‐Amaro Rodrigo , Larroude Macarena , Rossignol Tristan , Pauthenier Cyrille , Nicaud Jean‐Marc 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIn this study, we have adopted Golden Gate modular cloning strategy to develop a robust and versatile DNA assembly platform for the nonconventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. To this end, a broad set of destination vectors and interchangeable building blocks have been constructed. The DNA modules were assembled on a scaffold of predesigned 4 nt overhangs covering three transcription units (each bearing promoter, gene and terminator), selection marker gene and genomic integration targeting sequences, constituting altogether thirteen elements. Previously validated DNA modules (regulatory elements and selection markers) were adopted as the Golden Gate bricks. The system's operability was demonstrated based on synthetic pathway of carotenoid production. This technology greatly enriches a molecular biology toolbox dedicated to this industrially relevant microorganism enabling fast combinatorial cloning of complex synthetic pathways.
Evaluation of Rv0220, Rv2958c, Rv2994 and Rv3347c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for serodiagnosis of tuberculosis
Authors: You Xiaolong , Li Ranhui , Wan Kanglin , Liu Liangzhuan , Xie Xiaoping , Zhao Lanhua , Wu Ning , Deng Xiangying , Wang Li , Zeng Yanhua 
Published: February 2017

SummaryTuberculosis (TB), the leading cause of death among infectious diseases worldwide, is caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). Early accurate diagnosis means earlier prevention, treatment and control of TB. To confirm efficient diagnostic antigens for M. tuberculosis, the serodiagnosis value of four recombinant proteins including Rv0220, Rv2958c, Rv2994 and Rv3347c was evaluated in this study. The specificities and sensitivities of four recombinant proteins were determined based on enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) by screening sera from smear‐positive pulmonary TB patients (n = 92), uninfected individuals (n = 60) and patients with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (n = 32) that potentially cross‐react with M. tuberculosis. The ELISAs showed that Rv0220, Rv2958c, Rv2994 and Rv3347c exhibited high specificities and sensitivities in detecting immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody, with 98.3/91.3%, 91.7/85.9%, 93.3/89.1% and 93.3/80.4% respectively. According to the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, the area under the ROC of the target proteins was 0.988, 0.969, 0.929 and 0.945 respectively. Western blot was established to evaluate the immunoreactivities of target proteins to mice and human sera. Results demonstrated that Rv0220, Rv2958c, Rv2994 and Rv3347c could specifically recognize TB‐positive sera and the sera of mice immunized with the corresponding protein. Thus, Rv0220, Rv2958c, Rv2994 and Rv3347c were valuable potential diagnostic antigens for M. tuberculosis.
Impact of target area selection in 125Iodine seed brachytherapy on locoregional recurrence in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Yan Wei‐Liang , Lv Jin‐Shuang , Guan Zhi‐Yu , Wang Li‐Yang , Yang Jing‐Kui , Liang Ji‐Xiang 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundComputed tomography (CT)‐guided percutaneous implantation of 125Iodine radioactive seeds requires the precise arrangement of seeds by tumor shape. We tested whether selecting target areas, including subclinical areas around tumors, can influence locoregional recurrence in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodWe divided 82 patients with NSCLC into two groups. Target areas in group 1 (n = 40) were defined along tumor margins based on lung‐window CT. Target areas in group 2 (n = 42) were extended by 0.5 cm in all dimensions outside tumor margins. Preoperative plans for both groups were based on a treatment plan system, which guided 125
I seed implantation. Six months later, patients underwent chest CT to evaluate treatment efficacy (per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors version 1). We compared locoregional recurrences between the groups after a year of follow‐up. We then used the treatment plan system to extend target areas for group 1 patients by 0.5 cm (defined as group 3 data) and compared these hypothetical group 3 planned seeds with the actual seed numbers used in group 1 patients.ResultsAll patients successfully underwent implantation; none died during the follow‐up period. Recurrence was significantly lower in group 2 than in group 1 (
P
< 0.05). Group 1 patients and group 3 data significantly differed in seed numbers (
P
< 0.01).ConclusionOur results imply that extending the implantation area for 125
I seeds can decrease recurrence risk by eradicating cancerous lymph‐duct blockades within the extended areas.
Non‐destructive estimation of above‐ground surface and near‐surface biomass using 3D terrestrial remote sensing techniques
Authors: Wallace Luke , Hillman Samuel , Reinke Karin , Hally Bryan 
Published: February 2017

Summary

Quantitative measurements of above‐ground vegetation biomass are vital to a range of ecological and natural resource management applications. Remote‐sensing techniques, such as terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and image‐based point clouds, are potentially revolutionary techniques for measuring vegetation biomass and deriving other related, structural metrics for these purposes.
Surface vegetation biomass (up to 25 cm) in pasture, forest, and woodland environments is estimated from a 3D point cloud derived from a small number of digital images. Volume is calculated, using the 3D cloud and regressed against dry weight to provide an estimate of biomass. Assessment of the method is made through comparison to 3D point clouds collected through TLS surveys.
High correlation between destructively sampled biomass and vegetation volume derived from TLS and image‐based point clouds in the pasture (TLS , image based ), dry grassy forest (TLS , image based ) and lowland forest (TLS , image based ) environments was found. Occlusion caused by standing vegetation in the woodland environment resulted in moderate correlation between TLS derived volume and biomass (). The effects of surrounding vegetation on the image‐based technique resulted in 3D point clouds being resolved for only 40% of the samples in this environment.
The results of this study demonstrate that image‐based point cloud techniques are highly viable for the measurement of surface biomass. In contrast to TLS, volume and biomass data can be captured using low‐cost equipment and relatively little expertise.
Pain Assessment in INTensive care (PAINT): an observational study of physician‐documented pain assessment in 45 intensive care units in the United Kingdom
Authors: Kemp H. I. , Bantel C. , Gordon F. , Brett S. J. ,   PLAN,   SEARCH, Laycock H. C. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryPain is a common and distressing symptom experienced by intensive care patients. Assessing pain in this environment is challenging, and published guidelines have been inconsistently implemented. The Pain Assessment in INTensive care (PAINT) study aimed to evaluate the frequency and type of physician pain assessments with respect to published guidelines. This observational service evaluation considered all pain and analgesia‐related entries in patients’ records over a 24‐h period, in 45 adult intensive care units (ICUs) in London and the South‐East of England. Data were collected from 750 patients, reflecting the practice of 362 physicians. Nearly two‐thirds of patients (n = 475, 64.5%, 95%CI 60.9–67.8%) received no physician‐documented pain assessment during the 24‐h study period. Just under one‐third (n = 215, 28.6%, 95%CI 25.5–32.0%) received no nursing‐documented pain assessment, and over one‐fifth (n = 159, 21.2%, 95%CI 19.2–23.4)% received neither a doctor nor a nursing pain assessment. Two of the 45 ICUs used validated behavioural pain assessment tools. The likelihood of receiving a physician pain assessment was affected by the following factors: the number of nursing assessments performed; whether the patient was admitted as a surgical patient; the presence of tracheal tube or tracheostomy; and the length of stay in ICU. Physician‐documented pain assessments in the majority of participating ICUs were infrequent and did not utilise recommended behavioural pain assessment tools. Further research to identify factors influencing physician pain assessment behaviour in ICU, such as human factors or cultural attitudes, is urgently needed.
The new nature: Limitations and prospects of the paleoenvironmental tradition in biogeography in the 21st century
Authors: MacDonald Glen M. 
Published: February 2017

Paleoenvironmental research is an important component of biogeography. The profound environmental changes wrought by human activity over the past 300 years challenge the previous focus on past “natural” systems and the use of past environmental conditions to anticipate future anthropogenic environmental changes. In many cases, due to profound environmental changes brought on by humans, the past may not be the key to the present nor the future. Jettisoning strict nature‐human distinctions and uniformitarianistic expectations of past environmental analogues for current and future conditions does, however, open the door to a multitude of important research questions for biogeographers working in the paleoenvironmental tradition. Embracing research programs that seek to use paleoenvironmental records to inform questions of human‐environment interactions not only provides individuals with new research opportunities, but also can serve to strengthen bonds within the discipline.La nouvelle nature : les limites et perspectives de la tradition paléoenvironnementale en biogéographie au XXIe siècleLa recherche paléoenvironnementale est l'un des principaux volets de la biogéographie. Les profondes mutations de l'environnement causées par l'activité humaine des 300 dernières années remettent en question, d'une part, la perspective traditionnelle sur les systèmes « naturels » antérieurs et, d'autre part, l'utilisation des conditions environnementales du passé pour prévoir les tendances en matière de changements environnementaux anthropiques. Dans de nombreux cas, en raison des profondes mutations de l'environnement provoquées par les humains, le passé pourrait ne pas être garant ni du présent ni du futur. En supprimant la séparation nette de la nature et des humains et le principe de l'uniformitarisme qui postule que les conditions environnementales du passé correspondent à celles d'aujourd'hui et de demain, on dégage une panoplie de grandes questions de recherche pour les biogéographes travaillant dans la tradition paléoenvironnementale. L'adoption de programmes de recherche qui envisagent d'utiliser les archives paléoenvironnementales pour éclairer les questions sur les interactions entre les humains et l'environnement offre non seulement de nouvelles avenues de recherche, mais peut aussi servir à renforcer les liens disciplinaires.
Cytology of the neovagina in transgender women and individuals with congenital or acquired absence of a natural vagina
Authors: Grosse A. , Grosse C. , Lenggenhager D. , Bode B. , Camenisch U. , Bode P. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe primary objective of this study was to describe the cytological findings of bowel and (penile) skin‐lined neovaginas in patients with gender dysphoria (GD) and individuals with a congenital or acquired absence of a natural vagina. The secondary objective was to correlate the cytological findings with clinical characteristics such as oestrogen replacement therapy (ERT).MethodsA retrospective review of an institutional pathology archive over a 15‐year‐period was performed to identify cytological samples of neovaginal vaults. The medical and surgical records of the patients identified (n=20) were evaluated.ResultsWell‐preserved nucleated squamous cells were found in 70% (14/20) of patients. Neovaginal samples showing superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells plus Döderlein flora similar to normal cervical cytology were present in only 10% (2/20). Three samples (15%, 3/20) showed atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US) that were all negative for high‐risk human papillomavirus (HR‐HPV) types, whereas one case was positive for low‐risk (LR) HPV. One patient (5%, 1/20) was diagnosed with an HR‐HPV‐positive high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and one patient (5%, 1/20) had an HR‐ and LR‐HPV‐positive low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). The correlation between the presence of nucleated squamous cells and ERT was significant (P=.032).ConclusionCytological findings of the neovagina resemble normal cervical cytology with superficial, intermediate and parabasal cells as well as Döderlein bacilli in a minority of cases. Because precancerous lesions and invasive carcinoma may develop in the neovagina, patients with neovaginas should be subject to cancer screening programmes.