bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La conjugalité contemporaine, une nouvelle façon de penser le lien
Authors: Gérard Neyrand  
Published: April 2017

La conjugalité est au cœur du processus de transformation des relations privées, qui s’organise autour d’une « démocratisation » de la famille, d’une égalisation des rôles de sexe et d’une promotion des individualités. Mais ce processus mobilise des dimensions multiples, s’appuyant sur l’évolution des normes d’interaction, de leur transcription dans un imaginaire social en mouvement et dans la configuration des identités personnelles. L’article, après avoir rendu compte des logiques globales qui président à ces évolutions, s’attache à décrire leurs effets sur la conjugalité et les différentes fonctions de la vie en couple : expressivité réciproque, refuge identitaire, partage d’une normativité, qui sont interrogées dans leurs multiples rapports. Sur la base de la reconfiguration de la normativité conjugale et de l’affirmation de la dimension identitaire de la conjugalité, on assiste à une métamorphose des liens conjugaux traditionnels que le développement des nouveaux modes de rencontre et l’affirmation de nouvelles valeurs et de nouvelles pratiques contribuent à redéfinir, dans une tension entre hédonisation des relations et responsabilisation des personnes.
Les associations des enfants et jeunes travailleurs du Burkina Faso comme espace d’expression de la capacité d’action des enfants ?
Authors: Joséphine Wouango  
Published: April 2017

Depuis l’adoption de la Convention internationale des droits de l’enfant par les Nations Unies en 1989, la prise en compte du point de vue des enfants dans les décisions qui les concernent (article 12 de la Convention) est une approche de plus en plus plébiscitée. C’est dans ce contexte qu’ont émergé en Asie, en Amérique latine et en Afrique des mouvements d’enfants et de jeunes qui veulent se faire entendre dans le domaine de la lutte contre le travail des enfants.
Les associations des enfants et jeunes travailleurs du Burkina Faso (AEJT/BF) qui sont étudiées dans cet article sont une représentation nationale du mouvement africain des enfants et jeunes travailleurs (MAEJT) créé à la fin des années 1980. Le mouvement est fondé sur deux grands principes : d’une part sur les 12 droits prioritaires des enfants et des jeunes travailleurs, d’autre part sur le principe du « protagonisme » (l’enfant-travailleur comme acteur capable, à la différence de l’enfant-travailleur comme « victime » d’exploitation que prônent les normes internationales.
Cet article présente et analyse le fonctionnement de ce mouvement au Burkina Faso, les changements qu’il a contribué à apporter à la question sociale du travail des enfants et les résultats de la mise en application des principes annoncés. S’appuyant sur une enquête ethnographique, le texte offre des données inédites sur les réalités d’un acteur collectif qui, en utilisant à son avantage la rhétorique de la « participation » prônée par la Convention des droits de l’enfant, a réussi à s’insérer dans l’arène nationale de la protection de l’enfance. Toutefois, la question de la place et du rôle des enfants ainsi que celle du « vieillissement » des membres sont quelques-uns des défis auxquels la section burkinabè du mouvement doit faire face.
The importance and challenge of hyporheic mixing
Authors: Hester Erich T. , Cardenas M. Bayani , Haggerty Roy , Apte Sourabh V. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe hyporheic zone is the interface beneath and adjacent to streams and rivers where surface water and groundwater interact. The hyporheic zone presents unique conditions for reaction of solutes from both surface water and groundwater, including reactions which depend upon mixing of source waters. Some models assume that hyporheic zones are well‐mixed and conceptualize the hyporheic zone as a surface water‐groundwater mixing zone. But what are the controls on and effects of hyporheic mixing? What specific mechanisms cause the relatively large (>∼1 m) mixing zones suggested by subsurface solute measurements? In this commentary, we explore the various processes that might enhance mixing in the hyporheic zone relative to deeper groundwater, and pose the question whether the substantial mixing suggested by field studies may be due to the combination of fluctuating boundary conditions and multiscale physical and chemical spatial heterogeneity. We encourage investigation of hyporheic mixing using numerical modeling and laboratory experiments to ultimately inform field investigations.
Climate‐driven exceedance of total (wet + dry) nitrogen (N) + sulfur (S) deposition to forest soil over the conterminous U.S
Authors: Sun Jian , Fu Joshua S. , Lynch Jason A. , Huang Kan , Gao Yang 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) depositions are much mitigated over the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) but deposition exceedance still exists on forest soil. In addition, the empirical approach is usually used but only provides a spatially constant critical load (CL). Therefore, the CL derived from steady‐state mass balance equation is used to study the CL exceedance on forest soil over the CONUS. The multimodel mean (MMM) of global climate‐chemistry models in 2000s indicates that total (wet + dry) N deposition alone over 10.32% of forest soil exceeds the CL, but a higher percent (30.16%) is observed by the N + S deposition, which highlights the necessity of considering S deposition. In 2050s, less CL‐exceeded forest soil is projected and the exceedance amount is lower as well, mainly attributed to the strong reduction of projected NOX and SO2 emissions. By first projecting the future CL due to the climate change, the CL exceedance could further decrease as the air temperature is projected to increase rapidly and lead to higher CL in the future. The CL exceedance by N deposition alone is likely to be dominated by NOy in 2000s but NHX in 2050s because of the enhanced NH3 emission. Moreover, both in 2000s and 2050s, using the CL generated by different aggregation methods can cause up to 33 times difference between the corresponding CL exceedance. This suggests that several regions are under the marginal threat of either N or N + S deposition and different CL can influence the results significantly.
Superweak asthenosphere in light of upper mantle seismic anisotropy
Authors: Becker Thorsten W. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEarth's upper mantle includes a
km thick asthenosphere underneath the plates where viscosity and seismic velocities are reduced compared to the background. This zone of weakness matters for plate dynamics and may be required for the generation of plate tectonics itself. However, recent seismological and electromagnetic studies indicate strong heterogeneity in thinner layers underneath the plates which, if related to more extreme, global viscosity reductions, may require a revision of our understanding of mantle convection. Here, I use dynamically consistent mantle flow modeling and the constraints provided by azimuthal seismic anisotropy as well as plate motions to explore the effect of a range of global and local viscosity reductions. The fit between mantle flow model predictions and observations of seismic anisotropy is highly sensitive to radial and lateral viscosity variations. I show that moderate suboceanic viscosity reductions, to
–0.1 times the upper mantle viscosity, are preferred by the fit to anisotropy and global plate motions, depending on layer thickness. Lower viscosities degrade the fit to azimuthal anisotropy. Localized patches of viscosity reduction, or layers of subducted asthenosphere, however, have only limited additional effects on anisotropy or plate velocities. This indicates that it is unlikely that regional observations of subplate anomalies are both continuous and indicative of dramatic viscosity reduction. Locally, such weak patches may exist and would be detectable by regional anisotropy analysis, for example. However, large‐scale plate dynamics are most likely governed by broad continent‐ocean asthenospheric viscosity contrasts rather than a thin, possibly high melt fraction layer.
Skillful regional prediction of Arctic sea ice on seasonal timescales
Authors: Bushuk Mitchell , Msadek Rym , Winton Michael , Vecchi Gabriel A. , Gudgel Rich , Rosati Anthony , Yang Xiaosong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRecent Arctic sea ice seasonal prediction efforts and forecast skill assessments have primarily focused on pan‐Arctic sea ice extent (SIE). In this work, we move toward stakeholder‐relevant spatial scales, investigating the regional forecast skill of Arctic sea ice in a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) seasonal prediction system. Using a suite of retrospective initialized forecasts spanning 1981–2015 made with a coupled atmosphere‐ocean‐sea ice‐land model, we show that predictions of detrended regional SIE are skillful at lead times up to 11 months. Regional prediction skill is highly region and target month dependent and generically exceeds the skill of an anomaly persistence forecast. We show for the first time that initializing the ocean subsurface in a seasonal prediction system can yield significant regional skill for winter SIE. Similarly, as suggested by previous work, we find that sea ice thickness initial conditions provide a crucial source of skill for regional summer SIE.
Diagenetic silica enrichment and late‐stage groundwater activity in Gale crater, Mars
Authors: Frydenvang J. , Gasda P. J. , Hurowitz J. A. , Grotzinger J. P. , Wiens R. C. , Newsom H. E. , Edgett K. S. , Watkins J. , Bridges J. C. , Maurice S. , Fisk M. R. , Johnson J. R. , Rapin W. , Stein N. T. , Clegg S. M. , Schwenzer S. P. , Bedford C. C. , Edwards P. , Mangold N. , Cousin A. , Anderson R. B. , Payré V. , Vaniman D. , Blake D. F. , Lanza N. L. , Gupta S. , Van Beek J. , Sautter V. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Rice M. , Milliken R. , Gellert R. , Thompson L. , Clark B. C. , Sumner D. Y. , Fraeman A. A. , Kinch K. M. , Madsen M. B. , Mitrofanov I. G. , Jun I. , Calef F. , Vasavada A. R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDiagenetic silica enrichment in fracture‐associated halos that crosscut lacustrine and unconformably overlying aeolian sedimentary bedrock is observed on the lower north slope of Aeolis Mons in Gale crater, Mars. The diagenetic silica enrichment is colocated with detrital silica enrichment observed in the lacustrine bedrock yet extends into a considerably younger, unconformably draping aeolian sandstone, implying that diagenetic silica enrichment postdates the detrital silica enrichment. A causal connection between the detrital and diagenetic silica enrichment implies that water was present in the subsurface of Gale crater long after deposition of the lacustrine sediments and that it mobilized detrital amorphous silica and precipitated it along fractures in the overlying bedrock. Although absolute timing is uncertain, the observed diagenesis likely represents some of the most recent groundwater activity in Gale crater and suggests that the timescale of potential habitability extended considerably beyond the time that the lacustrine sediments of Aeolis Mons were deposited.
Quantify the continuous dependence of SST‐turbulent heat flux relationship on spatial scales
Authors: Li Furong , Sang Huiyan , Jing Zhao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractRelationship among different quantities usually changes in the time, spatial, and spectral domains due to the complicated dynamics in the geosystem. In this study, we propose a general statistical modeling approach to address this problem and apply the approach to evaluating the continuous dependence of relationship between sea surface temperature (SST) and turbulent heat flux (T‐Q relationship) on spatial scales. In the Kuroshio extension region, it is found that the turbulent heat flux (defined positive upward) anomalies are positively correlated to SST anomalies at scales ranging from ~150 km to ~4000 km. The T‐Q relationship stays stable at mesoscales (<1000 km) with a regression coefficient α of 26 W/(m2K). However, its value decreases rapidly as scales further increase. In addition, α exhibits a pronounced seasonal cycle with coherent phase at all the scales. The largest and smallest values occur in winter and summer, respectively.
Objectively Evaluating the Cathode Performance of Lithium‐Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Zhang Wang , Shen Yue , Sun Dan , Huang Zhimei , Huang Yunhui 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLithium‐oxygen battery is a promising high specific energy electrochemical system for next generation energy storage. Many literatures have reported lithium‐oxygen battery cathodes with specific capacity higher than 1000 mA h g−1 and cyclability of several hundred cycles in half‐cell tests. However, on the prototype cell level, high specific energy lithium‐oxygen batteries are still irreversible. In this report, the huge discrepancy between the half‐cell result and the prototype cell performance is carefully analyzed. Some methods and parameters to evaluate the cathode performances in lithium‐ion batteries are found to be unsuitable in lithium‐oxygen battery studies. More reliable half‐cell testing methods are discussed to objectively evaluate the cathode capacity and cyclability. Considering the latest progress, the lithium‐oxygen battery is still a promising energy storage system. But at this early stage, fundamental research on the battery chemistry is still the most important issue. Objective evaluating the electrochemical performance is the prerequisite to find the exact problems and thus deserves attention.
Feeding‐induced phenol production in Capsicum annuum L. influences Spodoptera litura F. larval growth and physiology
Authors: Movva Vijaya , Pathipati Usha Rani 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe studied the role of induced plant phenols as a defense response to insect herbivory. Phenolic compounds were induced in Capsicum annuum L., the source of many culinary peppers, after feeding by different stages of the insect pest, Spodoptera litura F. The phenols were identified and quantified using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and effects produced by these phenols on larval development were studied. Vanillic acid was identified in plants challenged by second, fourth, and fifth instar larvae, but not in plants challenged by third instar nor unchallenged plants. Syringic acid production was induced in chili plants infested with second (0.429 ± 0.003 μg/g fresh weight, fourth (0.396 ± 0.01 μg/g fresh weight), and fifth instar (5.5 ± 0.06 μg/g fresh weight) larvae, compared to untreated plants (0.303 ± 0.01 μg/g fresh weight) plants. Leaves surface treated with the rutin deterred oviposition. Dietary exposure to chlorogenic acid, vanillic acid, syringic acid, sinapic acid, and rutin led to enhanced activities of detoxifying enzymes, β‐glucosidase, carboxyl esterase, glutathione S‐transferase, and glutathione reductase in the midgut tissues of all the larval instars, indicating the toxic nature of these compounds. Protein carbonyl content and acetylcholinesterase activity was analyzed to appreciate the role of induced plant phenols in insect protein oxidation and terminating nerve impulses.
Physics, History, and the German Atomic Bomb
Authors: Walker Mark 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhysics, History, and the German Atomic Bomb. This paper examines the German concept of a nuclear weapon during National Socialism and the Second World War. Zusammenfassung: Physik, Geschichte und die deutsche Atombombe. Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die deutsche Vorstellung einer nuklearen Waffe während des Nationalsozialismus und des Zweiten Weltkrieges.
e‐Signals&Systems: A web‐based educational tool for signals and systems
Authors: Vatansever Fahri , Yalcin Nedim A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractComputers are widely used for educational purposes. Multimedia tools and simulations are mostly preferred for learning especially hard and complex structures in technical field and hardly realized experiments in laboratory environment. Besides, supporting theoretical knowledge with practical applications is crucial in engineering education. But, effects of negative conditions such as hardware deficiency (experimental gadgets, measuring instruments, etc.) in education environment, high number of students, less number of educators can be diminished with concepts which are distance education, computer‐aided education, etc. In this study, web‐based educational tool which is oriented to signals and systems subjects/courses is realized. This tool provides learning of signals and systems subjects with its subject descriptions, solved/unsolved problems, animations, simulations, interactive simulators, real‐time applications, general exams, online communication/support, and new educational strategy in easy, simple, and effective way. Usability and educational contribution of realized study was inspected with questionnaires which were filled anonymously by 110 students in Uludag University and assessed according to SUS and Likert scales.
New Cobalt‐Bisterpyridyl Catalysts for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Aroua Safwan , Todorova Tanya K. , Mougel Victor , Hommes Paul , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich , Fontecave Marc 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPreparation of a series of terpyridyl ligands bearing different substituents recently led to the synthesis of new cobalt‐bisterpyridyl complexes spanning over a wide range of redox potentials. In this work, we describe the catalytic properties of these complexes for the electroreduction of protons into hydrogen (hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)) in acetonitrile. The substituents of the ligands were found to greatly affect the catalytic performances of the systems, in terms of stability and overpotential. Interestingly, systems based on dimethylamino‐terpyridine derivatives perform HER with high efficiency, low overpotential and excellent stability. Density functional theory calculations were used to provide insights into the reaction mechanism of HER catalyzed by these systems, highlighting the role of the ligand for proton activation.
The Shape of Things To Come: The Formation of Modulated Nematic Mesophases at Various Length Scales
Authors: Mandle Richard J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe twist–bend nematic (NTB) phase is a recently discovered liquid‐crystalline phase that exhibits macroscopic chirality even when formed from achiral materials, and as such presents a unique testbed for studies concerning the spontaneous breaking of mirror symmetry in soft matter. It is primarily exhibited by materials for which the molecular structure is composed of two rigid aromatic units (such as biphenyl connected by a flexible spacer). The local structure of the NTB phase is nematic‐like—with molecules having an average orientational order but no positional order—with a nanoscale helix in which the pitch (i.e., the repeat distance of the helix) is of the order of several nanometres. A helix is chiral, and so the bulk NTB phase—in the absence of a biasing chiral environment—spontaneously separates into macroscopic domains of opposite handedness. After discussing the structure of this mesophase and its elucidation, this concept article presents the molecular factors that determine its incidence. The apparent dependency primarily on molecular shape and bend angle rather than particular functional group combinations manifests in this mesophase being exhibited on length scales far beyond those of simple liquid‐crystalline dimers, not only in oligomers and polymers, but also in aqueous suspensions of micron sized helical particles.
Push–Pull‐Type Polychlorotriphenylmethyl Radicals: New Two‐Photon Absorbers and Dyes for Generation of Photo‐Charges
Authors: Wu Xiaojin , Kim Jun Oh , Medina Samara , Ramírez Francisco J. , Mayorga Burrezo Paula , Wu Shaofei , Lim Zheng Long , Lambert Christoph , Casado Juan , Kim Dongho , Wu Jishan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTri(4‐iodo‐2,3,5,6‐tetrachlorophenyl)methane (2) is reported as a general building block for the synthesis of various π‐conjugated polychlorotriphenylmethyl (PTM) radicals. Three push–pull‐type triphenylamine‐substituted PTM radicals with different substitution patterns were prepared and all exhibited intense inter‐valence charge‐transfer bands and large two‐photon absorption (TPA) cross sections. Moreover, increase of solvent polarity also resulted in improved TPA response. The charge‐transfer character of the relevant excited states provoked the efficient photo‐generation of charges, anions in the PTM and cations in the amine arms, driven by the amphoteric redox character and the small coupling between donor and acceptor.
Potential biomechanical roles of risk factors in the evolution of thrombus‐laden abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Virag Lana , Wilson John S. , Humphrey Jay D. , Karšaj Igor 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAbdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) typically harbour an intraluminal thrombus (ILT), yet most prior computational models neglect biochemomechanical effects of thrombus on lesion evolution. We recently proposed a growth and remodelling model of thrombus‐laden AAAs that introduced a number of new constitutive relations and associated model parameters. Because values of several of these parameters have yet to be elucidated by clinical data and could vary significantly from patient to patient, the aim of this study was to investigate the possible extent to which these parameters influence AAA evolution. Given that some of these parameters model potential effects of factors that influence the risk of rupture, this study also provides insight into possible roles of common risk factors on the natural history of AAAs. Despite geometrical limitations of a cylindrical domain, findings support current thought that smoking, hypertension, and female sex likely increase the risk of rupture. Although thrombus thickness is not a reliable risk factor for rupture, the model suggests that the presence of ILT may have a destabilizing effect on AAA evolution, consistent with histological findings from human samples. Finally, simulations support two hypotheses that should be tested on patient‐specific geometries in the future. First, ILT is a potential source of the staccato enlargement observed in many AAAs. Second, ILT can influence rupture risk, positively or negatively, via competing biomechanical (eg, stress shielding) and biochemical (ie, proteolytic) effects. Although further computational and experimental studies are needed, the present findings highlight the importance of considering ILT when predicting aneurysmal enlargement and rupture risk.