bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling and optimization of laser polishing of additive laser manufacturing surfaces
Authors: Rosa Benoit , Mognol Pascal , Hascoët Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
Direct metal deposition (DMD) with laser is an additive manufacturing process enabling rapid manufacturing of complex metallic and thin parts. However, the final quality of DMD-manufactured surfaces is a real issue that would require a polishing operation. Polishing processes are usually based on abrasive or chemical techniques. These conventional processes are composed by many drawbacks such as accessibility of complex shapes, environmental impacts, high time consumption and cost, health risks for operators, etc. […] This paper aims to solve these problems and improve surface quality by investigating the laser polishing (LP) process.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on melting material by laser, the LP process enables the smoothing of initial topography. However, the DMD process and the LP processes are based on laser technology. In this context, the laser DMD process is used directly on the same machine for the polishing operation. Currently, few studies focus on LP of additive laser manufacturing surfaces, and it tends to limit the industrial use of additive manufacturing technology. The proposed study describes an experimental analysis of LP surfaces obtained by DMD process.

Findings
The investigation results in the improvement of a complete final surface quality, according to LP parameters. For mastering LP processes, operating parameters are modelled.

Originality/value
This experimental study introduces the LP of thin and complex DMD parts, to develop LP applications. The final objective is to create a LP methodology for optimizing the final topography and productivity time according to parts’ characteristics.
Lipoxygenases: From Isolation to Application
Authors: Hayward Stefan , Cilliers Tertius , Swart Pieter 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe positive effect of lipoxygenase, added as an enzyme‐active soy flour, during the production of white bread is well established. In addition to increasing the mixing tolerance and overall dough rheology, lipoxygenase is also an effective bleaching agent. It is known that these effects are mediated by enzyme‐coupled cooxidation of gluten proteins and carotenoids. However, the mechanism whereby these effects are achieved is not yet fully understood. In order to gain a better understanding into the reactions governing the beneficial effects of lipoxygenases in bread dough, an in‐depth knowledge of the lipoxygenase catalytic mechanism is required. Until now no single review combining the molecular enzymology of lipoxygenase enzymes and their application in the baking industry has been presented. This review, therefore, focuses on the extraction and molecular characterization of lipoxygenases in addition to the work done on the application of lipoxygenases in the baking industry.
Testing genotyping strategies for ultra‐deep sequencing of a co‐amplifying gene family: MHC class I in a passerine bird
Authors: Biedrzycka Aleksandra , Sebastian Alvaro , Migalska Magdalena , Westerdahl Helena , Radwan Jacek 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCharacterization of highly duplicated genes, such as genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), where multiple loci often co‐amplify, has until recently been hindered by insufficient read depths per amplicon. Here, we used ultra‐deep Illumina sequencing to resolve genotypes at exon 3 of MHC class I genes in the sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus). We sequenced 24 individuals in two replicates and used this data, as well as a simulated data set, to test the effect of amplicon coverage (range: 500–20 000 reads per amplicon) on the repeatability of genotyping using four different genotyping approaches. A third replicate employed unique barcoding to assess the extent of tag jumping, that is swapping of individual tag identifiers, which may confound genotyping. The reliability of MHC genotyping increased with coverage and approached or exceeded 90% within‐method repeatability of allele calling at coverages of >5000 reads per amplicon. We found generally high agreement between genotyping methods, especially at high coverages. High reliability of the tested genotyping approaches was further supported by our analysis of the simulated data set, although the genotyping approach relying primarily on replication of variants in independent amplicons proved sensitive to repeatable errors. According to the most repeatable genotyping method, the number of co‐amplifying variants per individual ranged from 19 to 42. Tag jumping was detectable, but at such low frequencies that it did not affect the reliability of genotyping. We thus demonstrate that gene families with many co‐amplifying genes can be reliably genotyped using HTS, provided that there is sufficient per amplicon coverage.
Substance use disorders and referral to treatment in substantiated cases of child maltreatment
Authors: Steenrod Shelley , Mirick Rebecca 
Published: October 2016

AbstractParents with substance use disorders (SUD) require treatment and support in order to provide children with appropriate care and protection. Using the 2012 National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System (NCANDS), this paper analysed 464 313 substantiated child maltreatment reports to determine (i) the proportion and characteristics of reports involving substance abuse; and (ii) the child and caregiver/perpetrator (C/P) characteristics that predicted referral to treatment as recorded in service plans. Findings indicate that 12% (N = 53 234) of maltreatment reports involved C/P SUD. Yet, of those reports, only (19%) (N = 10 088) were referred to substance abuse treatment as part of their service plan, indicating a large gap between those who need treatment and those who receive it. This finding is important given that parental SUD is consistently linked to poorer child outcomes. Amongst other variables, reports indicate that C/P with co‐occurring emotional disturbance were three times more likely to be referred to treatment for SUD as part of service plans. Additional research is needed regarding the characteristics that distinguish C/P who receive referrals for SUD treatment in substantiated cases of child maltreatment.
Reexamining the Prohibition of Gestational Surrogacy in Sunni Islam
Authors: Muaygil Ruaim A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAdvances in reproductive medicine have provided new, and much needed, hope for millions of people struggling with infertility. Gestational surrogacy is one such development that has been gaining popularity with infertile couples, especially those unable to benefit from other reproductive procedures such as In Vitro Fertilization. For many Muslim couples, however, surrogacy remains a nonviable option. Islamic scholars have deemed the procedure incompatible with Islam and have prohibited its use. This paper examines the arguments presented for proscribing surrogacy arrangements in Sunni Islam in particular. These include preservation of lineage, exclusion of third parties in reproduction, upholding the rights of the child, and protection from the negative effects of surrogacy arrangements. The rationales for banning surrogacy are subsequently refuted utilizing Islamic law “Sharia”, bioethics, and medical evidence. The paper also presents reasons for why surrogacy is not only consistent with Sunni Islamic teachings, but is also both ethically justified and medically necessary. Lastly, Islamic scholars are urged to take into account the arguments presented in this paper and reconsider their rulings on the permissibility of surrogacy.
Profile of diabetes in men aged 79–97 years: the Western Australian Health in Men Study
Authors: Henze M. , Alfonso H. , Flicker L. , George J. , Chubb S. A. P. , Hankey G. J. , Almeida O. P. , Golledge J. , Norman P. E. , Yeap B. B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimsTo investigate behavioural, physical and biochemical characteristics associated with diabetes in the oldest age group of elderly men.MethodsWe conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of community‐dwelling men aged 79–97 years from Perth, Western Australia. Lifestyle behaviours, self‐rated health, physical function, and fasting glucose and HbA1c levels were assessed.ResultsOf 1426 men, 315 had diabetes (22%). Men with diabetes were of similar age to men without (84.9 vs 84.5 years; P = 0.14). Only 26.5% of men with diabetes self‐rated their health as excellent or very good, compared with 40.6% of men without diabetes (P < 0.001). Diabetes was associated with less involvement with recreational walking (32.7 vs 41.0%; P < 0.01) and leisure activities (19.0 vs 26.5%; P < 0.01). Men with diabetes had poorer physical function on multiple measures, including longer times for the Timed Up‐and‐Go test (15.0 ± 6.9 s vs 13.4 ± 5.3 s; P < 0.001) and weaker knee extension (20.2 vs 21.9 kg; P < 0.001). In multivariate analyses, diabetes was associated with an increased prevalence of myocardial infarction (odds ratio 1.80, 95% CI 1.25–2.60; P < 0.001) and falls resulting in injury (odds ratio 1.55, 95% CI 1.06–2.26; P = 0.02). Average HbA1c was 49 ± 8 mmol/mol (6.6 ± 0.8%) in men with diabetes, with 90.6% of these men on diet or oral hypoglycaemic therapy.ConclusionsIn older men, diabetes is associated with poorer self‐perceived health, reduced healthy lifestyle behaviours and physical function, heart disease and injurious falls. The majority of these men with diabetes had good glycaemic control. Encouraging healthy lifestyle behaviours and improving physical function should be evaluated as interventions to improve quality‐of‐life and health outcomes.
Early life diets with prebiotics and bioactive milk fractions attenuate the impact of stress on learned helplessness behaviours and alter gene expression within neural circuits important for stress resistance
Authors: Mika Agnieszka , Day Heidi E. W. , Martinez Alexander , Rumian Nicole L. , Greenwood Benjamin N. , Chichlowski Maciej , Berg Brian M. , Fleshner Monika 
Published: October 2016

AbstractManipulating gut microbes may improve mental health. Prebiotics are indigestible compounds that increase the growth and activity of health‐promoting microorganisms, yet few studies have examined how prebiotics affect CNS function. Using an acute inescapable stressor known to produce learned helplessness behaviours such as failure to escape and exaggerated fear, we tested whether early life supplementation of a blend of two prebiotics, galactooligosaccharide (GOS) and polydextrose (PDX), and the glycoprotein lactoferrin (LAC) would attenuate behavioural and biological responses to stress later in life. Juvenile, male F344 rats were fed diets containing either GOS and PDX alone, LAC alone, or GOS, PDX and LAC. All diets altered gut bacteria, while diets containing GOS and PDX increased Lactobacillus spp. After 4 weeks, rats were exposed to inescapable stress, and either immediately killed for blood and tissues, or assessed for learned helplessness 24 h later. Diets did not attenuate stress effects on spleen weight, corticosterone and blood glucose; however, all diets differentially attenuated stress‐induced learned helplessness. Notably, in situ hybridization revealed that all diets reduced stress‐evoked cfos mRNA in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), a structure important for learned helplessness behaviours. In addition, GOS, PDX and LAC diet attenuated stress‐evoked decreases in mRNA for the 5‐HT1A autoreceptor in the DRN and increased basal BDNF mRNA within the prefrontal cortex. These data suggest early life diets containing prebiotics and/or LAC promote behavioural stress resistance and uniquely modulate gene expression in corresponding circuits.
Are fingernails a key to unlocking the puzzle of mammalian limb regeneration?
Authors: Lehoczky Jessica A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSome mammalian digit tips, including those of mice and human children, can regenerate following amputation, whereas mammalian limb regeneration does not occur. One major difference between the digit tip and the rest of the limb is the presence of the nail, which is necessary for this type of regeneration. This couples well with the finding that canonical Wnt signalling and Lgr6, an agonist of Wnt signalling that marks nail stem cells, are necessary for digit tip regeneration. This viewpoint essay discusses the role of the nail in digit tip regeneration and explores whether nail stem cells and their presumptive niche can be solely accountable for why regeneration is possible in the digit tip, but not the rest of the limb.
Expression and release of platelet protein disulphide isomerase in patients with haemophilia A
Authors: Voigtlaender M. , Holstein K. , Spath B. , Bokemeyer C. , Langer F. 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionDespite similar residual factor VIII activity, patients with haemophilia A (HA) show significant interindividual variability with regard to bleeding frequency and severity, suggesting that additional factors modulate thrombin generation and fibrin deposition. Protein disulphide isomerase (PDI) is an abundant oxidoreductase that exerts pleiotropic effects in primary and secondary haemostasis and contributes to thrombosis and vascular inflammation.AimWe conducted a pilot study to explore a potential role of platelet PDI in patients with HA.MethodsExpression and release of platelet PDI were studied by flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, respectively.ResultsCompared to healthy male controls (n = 12), patients with HA (n = 24) showed significantly increased expression of PDI antigen on ADP‐ or TRAP‐6‐, but not on buffer‐treated platelets, a finding that could not be explained by enhanced platelet activation, as indicated by expression of the α‐granule protein, CD62P (P‐selectin). While platelet agonists did not affect PDI secretion in healthy male controls, increased levels of PDI antigen were found in supernatants of TRAP‐6‐treated platelets from patients with HA. Importantly, in two patients with exceedingly high TRAP‐6‐induced PDI release over baseline, findings were consistent when platelets were isolated and stimulated on a separate occasion. No obvious association was found between platelet PDI and bleeding phenotype in this patient cohort.ConclusionAgonist‐induced expression and release of platelet PDI were increased in patients with HA. Larger studies are needed to clarify if variations in this platelet response contribute to the diversity in bleeding frequency and severity among patients with congenital factor VIII deficiency.
European retrospective study of real‐life haemophilia treatment
Authors: Berntorp E. , Dolan G. , Hay C. , Linari S. , Santagostino E. , Tosetto A. , Castaman G. , Álvarez‐Román MT. , Parra Lopez R. , Oldenburg J. , Albert T. , Scholz U. , Holmström M. , Schved J.‐F. , Trossaërt M. , Hermans C. , Boban A. , Ludlam C. , Lethagen S. 
Published: October 2016

IntroductionHaemophilia treatment varies significantly between individuals, countries and regions and details of bleed rates, factor consumption and injection frequency are often not available.AimTo provide an overview of the FVIII/FIX treatment practice and outcome for patients with haemophilia A (HA) or haemophilia B (HB) across Europe.MethodsNon‐interventional, 12‐month retrospective study where anonymized data were retrieved from haemophilia centres/registers in Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Male patients (all ages) receiving coagulation factor treatment 24 months prior to the study, with basal FVIII/FIX levels ≤5 IU dL−1, without inhibitors, were included. Data were summarized descriptively.ResultsIn total, 1346 patients with HA and 312 with HB were included in the analysis; 75% and 57% had severe disease (FVIII/FIX < 1 IU dL−1) respectively. Prophylaxis was most common for severe haemophilia, especially for children, whereas on‐demand treatment was more common for moderate haemophilia in most countries. The mean (SD) prescribed prophylactic treatment ranged from 67.9 (30.4) to 108.4 (78.1) (HA) and 32.3 (10.2) to 97.7 (32.1) (HB) IU kg−1 per week, across countries. Most patients on prophylaxis were treated ≥3 times/week (HA) or two times/week (HB). The median annual bleeding rate (ABR) for patients on prophylaxis ranged from 1.0 to 4.0 for severe HA, and from 1.0 to 6.0 for severe HB, while those with moderate haemophilia generally had slightly higher ABRs. Median ABRs for on‐demand‐treated severe HA ranged from 4.5 to 18.0, and for HB, 1.5 to 14.0.ConclusionTreatment practice varied greatly between centres and countries and patients treated on‐demand and prophylactically both experienced bleeds, emphasizing the need for further optimization of care.
Clinical efficacy of desensitizing mouthwashes for the control of dentin hypersensitivity and root sensitivity: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Molina A , García‐Gargallo M , Montero E , Tobías A , Sanz M , Martín C 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis systematic review aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence on the efficacy of desensitizing mouthwashes for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity (DH) and root sensitivity (RS).Material and methodsA thorough search in MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane Plus Library was conducted up to February 2015. Randomized clinical trials, parallel, double‐blinded and placebo‐controlled, with a follow‐up of at least 6 weeks, reporting changes on response to tactile stimuli, thermal/evaporative stimuli or patients’ subjective assessment of the pain experienced during their daily life after the home use of desensitizing mouthwashes were considered for inclusion.ResultsThe screening of titles and abstracts resulted in seven publications meeting the eligibility criteria. The desensitizing agents evaluated were potassium nitrate (n = 5), aluminium lactate (n = 1) and sodium fluoride (n = 1). A meta‐analysis for each of the hypersensitivity stimuli was performed. Results demonstrated statistically significant reduction in sensitivity scores favouring test group when DH was assessed by means of patients’ self‐reported pain experience (SMD at 8 weeks = 0.77; 95% CI [0.23; 1.31]; P = 0.005). No significant effects were detected in response to tactile or thermal/evaporative stimuli. Meta‐regression analysis demonstrated a tendency towards an increased effect favouring test group for the patients’ subjective perception, whereas tactile and thermal/evaporative stimuli showed a slight tendency towards a reduction in the efficacy of the test mouthwash.ConclusionsThere exists a tendency towards a decrease in DH or RS scores with time in both treatment groups, with significant differences in favour of test group when sensitivity is evaluated in terms of patients’ self‐reported sensitivity symptoms.
Use of New Imaging CARTO® Segmentation Module Software to Facilitate Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias
Authors: TOVIA‐BRODIE OHOLI , BELHASSEN BERNARD , GLICK AHARON , SHMILOVICH HAIM , AVIRAM GALIT , ROSSO RAPHAEL , MICHOWITZ YOAV 
Published: October 2016

A New CARTO Software for Ablating Ventricular ArrhythmiasIntroductionA new imaging software (CARTO® Segmentation Module, Biosense Webster) allows preprocedural 3‐D reconstruction of all heart chambers based on cardiac CT. We describe our initial experience with the new module during ablation of ventricular arrhythmias.Methods and ResultsEighteen consecutive patients with idiopathic ventricular arrhythmias or ischemic ventricular tachycardia (VT) were studied. In the latter group, a combined endocardial and epicardial ablation was performed. Of the 14 patients with idiopathic arrhythmias, 12 were ablated in the outflow tract (OT), 1 in the midseptal left ventricle, and 1 at the left posterior fascicular area; acute successful ablation was achieved in 11 (78.6%) patients. The procedure was discontinued due to close proximity of the arrhythmia origin to the coronary arteries (CA) in 2 patients. Acute successful uncomplicated ablation was achieved in all 4 patients with ischemic VT. During ablation in the coronary cusps commissures, the CARTO® Segmentation Module accurately defined the cusps anatomy. The precise anatomic location provided by the module assisted in successfully ablating when information from activation mapping was not optimal, by ablating at the opposite side of the cusps. In addition, by demonstrating the precise location of the CA, it allowed safe ablation of arrhythmias that originated in close proximity to the CA both in the OT area and the epicardium, eliminating the need for repeat angiography.ConclusionsThe CARTO® Segmentation Module is useful for accurate definition of the exact anatomic location of ventricular arrhythmias and for safely ablating them especially in close proximity to the CA.
The latent structure of Acute Stress Disorder symptoms in trauma‐exposed children and adolescents
Authors: McKinnon Anna , Meiser‐Stedman Richard , Watson Peter , Dixon Clare , Kassam‐Adams Nancy , Ehlers Anke , Winston Flaura , Smith Patrick , Yule William , Dalgleish Tim 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundThe revision of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) in the DSM‐5 (DSM‐5, 2013) proposes a cluster‐free model of ASD symptoms in both adults and youth. Published evaluations of competing models of ASD clustering in youth have rarely been examined.MethodsWe used Confirmatory Factor Analysis (combined with multigroup invariance tests) to explore the latent structure of ASD symptoms in a trauma‐exposed sample of children and young people (N = 594). The DSM‐5 structure was compared with the previous DSM‐IV conceptualization (4‐factor), and two alternative models proposed in the literature (3‐factor; 5‐factor). Model fit was examined using goodness‐of‐fit indices. We also established DSM‐5 ASD prevalence rates relative to DSM‐IV ASD, and the ability of these models to classify children impaired by their symptoms.ResultsBased on both the Bayesian Information Criterion, the interfactor correlations and invariance testing, the 3‐factor model best accounted for the profile of ASD symptoms. DSM‐5 ASD led to slightly higher prevalence rates than DSM‐IV ASD and performed similarly to DSM‐IV with respect to categorising children impaired by their symptoms. Modifying the DSM‐5 ASD algorithm to a 3+ or 4+ symptom requirement was the strongest predictor of impairment.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that a uni‐factorial general‐distress model is not the optimal model of capturing the latent structure of ASD symptom profiles in youth and that modifying the current DSM‐5 9+ symptom algorithm could potentially lead to a more developmentally sensitive conceptualization.
Normogram of umbilical artery Doppler indices in singleton pregnancies in south‐western Nigerian women
Authors: Ayoola Oluwagbemiga Oluwole , Bulus Peter , Loto Olabisi Morebisi , Idowu Bukunmi Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the Doppler indices of the umbilical arteries in normal singleton pregnancy with a view to generating local reference ranges.MethodsIn this prospective, cross‐sectional study, 400 pregnant women at 15–39 weeks’ gestational age, with estimated fetal weight within the 10th and 90th percentile, no fetal malformation(s), and without any history of maternal medical disease, were recruited. Umbilical arteries were assessed on ultrasound, with the subjects in the supine position. Resistivity index (RI), pulsatility index (PI) and systolic/diastolic (S/D) ratio were recorded and analyzed.ResultsAll the umbilical arteries were paired; no single umbilical artery was seen. Mean RI, PI, and S/D ratio declined with gestational age, and decreased from 1.265 to 0.829, from 0.760 to 0.585 and from 4.068 to 2.365, respectively, from 15 to 39 weeks of gestation. With regard to correlation between gestational age and Doppler indices, r = – 0.598 for PI (P < 0.05), − 0.437 for RI (P < 0.05), and – 0.538 for S/D ratio (P < 0.05). Decline in the Doppler indices was progressive with gestational age.ConclusionA normogram of umbilical artery Doppler indices was constructed, which showed that the indices decreased with gestational age. These normative data could serve as reference ranges for evaluation of the umbilical artery circulation in this locality.