bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust measurements of electric conductivity in polyethylene based materials: measurement setup, data processing and impact of sample preparation
Authors: Xu Xiangdong , Karlsson M. , Gaska K. , Gubanski Stanislaw , Hillborg Henrik , Gedde U.W. 
Published: October 2017

In this work, a measurement setup and an algorithm are introduced that allow for obtaining and processing the current data during standard measurements of electric conductivity in polymeric insulation materials. Robustness of this setup is demonstrated through dc conductivity measurements of low density polyethylene (LDPE) specimens that were prepared by two different techniques, i.e. compression molding and extrusion, at two independent laboratories (at Chalmers and KTH) from the same raw pellets. The results resented in this paper reveal that the implemented data processing algorithm allows for clear separation of the conduction current level and the external noise and thus for good differentiation between the conductivity levels in the investigated material specimens. In addition, a high reproducibility of the results is obtained for the independently manufactured specimens, suggesting the proposed measurement technique is well suitable for characterization of low conducting dielectrics.
Review of Partial Discharge and Dielectric Loss Tests for Hydropower Generator Bars
Authors: Aakre Torstein Grav , Ildstad Erling , Hvidsten Sverre , Nysveen Arne 
Published: October 2017

Condition assessment of hydropower generators is important to ensure high serviceability of power stations. Many of the in-service generators are old and current load operation schemes demands more than the design load, which makes the remaining lifetime of the generators uncertain. The reviewed literature shows many works regarding identifying signature PRPDA patterns for different relevant defects in the generator. Calibration is however impossible, due to variable signal propagation in the generator from the partial discharge source. The results regarding complex permittivity as function of frequency as a measure on water ingress are promising. However, the field grading paint at the ends of the bars are affected by the low frequency and gives a variable capacitance. The literature is still focused on qualitative measurements without giving quantitative answers.
Impact of a Pharmacist-Led Chemotherapy Education Program on the Knowledge of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Nurses
Authors: Fisher Christine M. , Kim Abby J. , Elder Joshua J. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVES
Medication errors involving chemotherapy are a serious source of avoidable medical harm that can result in chemotherapy-related adverse drug events. Efforts to reduce errors in the past decade have largely focused on chemotherapy errors at the prescriber level, using computerized or automated technology, but little has been done to ensure chemotherapy is administered accurately at the nursing level. The current study implemented a pharmacist-led, supplemental, institution-specific training program to nursing staff regarding the use of chemotherapy and to address knowledge deficits in newly hired nursing personnel.

METHODS
Inpatient pediatric oncology nurses were eligible to participate in a 3-session educational program regarding chemotherapy principles, adverse event management, and supportive care. Pre- and posttests were administered during the sessions to assess baseline and acquired knowledge. An attitudes survey was given to nurses prior to their first session and after the last session to assess the nurse's comfort with administration and management of chemotherapy.

RESULTS
Posttest scores following program implementation show a significant increase in baseline knowledge. Scores increased by 14.1% (p &lt; 0.001) overall; they increased 6% (p = 0.266), 22% (p = &lt;0.001), and 16.5% (p = &lt;0.001) after sessions 1, 2, and 3, respectively. All respondents requested additional classes for orientation or continuing education.

CONCLUSIONS
A pharmacist-led, educational program significantly improves knowledge of chemotherapy administration and monitoring in pediatric oncology nurses and was well received by participants as an additional training opportunity.
Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Single-Dose Intravenous Acetaminophen for Pain Associated With Adenotonsillectomy in Pediatric Patients With Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Authors: Thung Arlyne K. , Elmaraghy Charles A. , Barry N'Diris , Tumin Dmitry , Jatana Kris R. , Rice Julie , Raman Vidya , Bhalla Tarun , Martin David P. , Corridore Marco , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVESAdequate pain control is an important component in the postoperative outcome for pediatric adenotonsillectomy patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Intravenous acetaminophen appears to be a favorable analgesic adjunct owing to its predictable pharmacokinetics and opioid-sparing effects; however, its role in pediatric adenotonsillectomy pain management remains unclear.METHODSIn this prospective, randomized, double-blinded, controlled study, subjects with the diagnosis of SDB, aged 2 to 8 years, who required extended postoperative admission, received intravenous acetaminophen (15 mg/kg) or saline placebo intraoperatively in addition to morphine (0.1 mg/kg) for postoperative surgical analgesia. Pain scores in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) using the FLACC (Faces, Leg, Activity, Cry, Consolability) score were used to determine the need for supplemental analgesic agents in the PACU. The PACU time and time to the first request for pain medication on the inpatient ward were also measured.RESULTSA total of 239 patients were included in the final data analysis (118 in the intravenous acetaminophen group and 121 in the saline placebo group). The 2 groups did not differ in the proportion of patients reaching FLACC scores = 4 in the PACU (p = 0.223); mean FLACC scores in the PACU (p = 0.336); mean PACU time (p = 0.883); or time to requesting pain medication on the inpatient ward (p = 0.640).CONCLUSIONSA single intraoperative dose of intravenous acetaminophen did not alter the postoperative course of pediatric patients with SDB following adenotonsillectomy.
Evaluation of the Effects of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation on Antiepileptic Drug Serum Concentrations in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Dillman Nicholas O. , Messinger Mindl M. , Dinh Kimberly N. , Placencia Jennifer L. , Moffett Brady S. , Guaman Milenka Cuevas , Erklauer Jennifer C. , Kaiser Jeffrey R. , Wilfong Angus A. 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVES
Patients supported on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) have an increased incidence of seizures. Phenobarbital (PB) and fosphenytoin (fos-PHT) are common antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) used to manage seizures in the pediatric population; however, it is unknown what effect ECMO has on the serum concentrations of AEDs. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ECMO on AED serum concentrations.

METHODS
A retrospective, matched-cohort study was performed in patients younger than 18 years who received ECMO and were treated with intravenous (IV) PB or fos-PHT at Texas Children's Hospital between 2004 and 2014. Patients receiving IV AED therapy and ECMO were matched, based on age, sex, and weight, with patients receiving IV AED therapy without ECMO. The 24-hour cumulative AED dose, serum concentrations, number of doses per serum concentration drawn ratio, volume of distribution, therapeutic serum concentrations, and time to therapeutic serum concentration were compared between both groups. The fos-PHT and PB groups were analyzed in all patients and in neonates only.

RESULTS
Fourteen patients met inclusion criteria. The fos-PHT neonatal (20.1 vs 11.3 mg/kg/day, p = 0.044), PB composite (33.9 vs 21.6 mg/kg/day, p = 0.012), and PB neonatal (40.3 vs 20 mg/kg/day, p = 0.04) had larger 24-hour cumulative doses compared with non-ECMO patients. Lower serum concentrations were observed in the PB composite ECMO group (19.1 vs 35.4 mg/L, p &lt; 0.001) and the PB neonatal ECMO group (20.5 vs 27.8 mg/L, p = 0.01) compared with non-ECMO patients.

CONCLUSION
Pediatric patients receiving PB on ECMO and neonatal patients receiving fos-PHT on ECMO required larger doses, and in pediatric patients achieved lower serum concentrations, suggesting the necessity for alternative dosing strategies in these populations.
A Retrospective Study on Infusion-Related Reactions to Rituximab in a Heterogeneous Pediatric Population
Authors: Legeay Clément , Bittencourt Henrique , Haddad Elie , Spiesser-Robelet Laurence , Thépot-Seegers Valérie , Therrien Roxane 
Published: October 2017

OBJECTIVES
To assess risks and outcomes of infusion-related reactions to rituximab in a heterogeneous pediatric population.

METHODS
All patients who received rituximab between July 2010 and July 2012 were retrieved from the pharmacy software and included for analysis. Data were collected according to 4 categories: demographic data, infusion data, infusion-related reactions, and biological data considered as risk factors (i.e., absolute lymphocyte count, lactate dehydrogenase levels).

RESULTS
Sixty-seven patients treated for a total of 17 different indications were included. A total of 282 rituximab infusions were administered. Forty-three, mostly grade 1 or 2, infusion-related reactions occurred in 30 patients. Reactions occurred in 39.2% “first-dose” infusions, but this rate dropped drastically to 2.7% in subsequent doses. In multivariate analysis, high absolute lymphocyte count was the only risk factor for infusion-related reaction (OR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01–1.06; p = 0.014).

CONCLUSIONS
Rituximab infusion-related reactions in a heterogeneous pediatric population were frequent on first infusion, but rare in subsequent ones. Overall, these reactions were mild and manageable through pharmacological treatment. Patients with an elevated absolute lymphocyte count before infusion were at greater risk for an infusion-related reaction.
OSNOVNA POLAZIŠTA U RAZVOJU NACIONALNOG OKVIRA KVALIFIKACIJA
Authors: Ristić Bojan , Lazić Đorđe , Jovanović Verica 
Published: October 2017

U ovom radu se razmatraju osnovni rezultati u oblasti uređivanja kvalifikacija na međunarodnom planu i u Srbiji. Shodno tome, u radu se ukazuje na razloge koji su uzrokovali potrebu međusobno usklađenog regulisanja sistema kvalifikacija na nacionalnom nivou, a u koje naročito spadaju: krupne implikacije naučno-tehnološkog progresa na rad i život svakog pojedinca, zatim potreba za permanentnim obrazovanjem svih ljudi u svetu, kao i opšte prihvaćena sloboda međunarodnog kretanja, roba i kapitala. S tim u vezi, u radu se ukazuje na evropska dostignuća u oblasti uređivanja nacionalnih okvira kvalifikacija. U tom kontekstu se ističe da se u Srbiji osetno kasni sa regulisanjem te oblasti i da njoj urgentno treba dati prioritet.
FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT OF WORKERS AS A CONDITION FOR IMPLEMENTING THE EUROPE 2020 STRATEGY FOR EMPLOYMENT AND GROWTH
Authors: Chavkoska Biljana 
Published: October 2017

Summary: This article aims to analyze the freedom of movement of workers regarding the new strategies for EU growth and employment. The freedom of movement of people especially workers is one of the four freedoms of the EU Internal Market. The migrant workers who move from one into another state enjoy certain rights stipulated by the EU Law (acquis communautaire). Migrant workers are important for fulfilling the employment gap in the Member States and creating new jobs. Europe 2020 is the European Union growth strategy for the coming decade. Concretely, the Union has set five ambitious objective - employment, innovation, education, social inclusion and climate/energy - to be reached by 2020. Each Member State has adopted its own national targets in each of these areas. Concrete actions at EU and national levels underpin the strategy. The goals of the Europe 2020 would not be fulfill if the freedom of movement of workers is not realized. An agenda for new skills and jobs has the objective of creating the right conditions to modernize labor markets and to allow people to acquire new skills in order to raise employment levels and to ensure the sustainability of our social models. Further, the author analyzes the eliminations of impediments for freedom of movement of workers regarding the goals set in the new strategy.
THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SERVICE SECTOR AND IT’S IMPACT ON THE BANKING INDUSTRY. THE CASE OF MACEDONIA
Authors: Delova-Jolevska Evica , Andovski Ilija 
Published: October 2017

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to elaborate the importance of service sector and how its future development will affect the banking industry in the Republic of Macedonia. We live in a service society, where services sector represents more than two-thirds of economic activity and four-fifths of growth in recent years in OECD countries. This trend is evident in Macedonia also, where the service sector represents around 60% from the economic activity. Stil, because of the positive correlation with the economic development, further development will result with growth of the service sector. Further liberalization, removing product market barriers still limiting competition in various sub-sectors, allowing more FDI are factors that are indicated by experts that can contribute for further development of the service sector.Regarding banking industry in Macedonia, service sector has the biggest share in the credit portfolio. Especialy this is due of the high exposure towards trade.Comparative analysis with developed countries shows that the share of exposure towards service sector is greather in Macedonia. This is mainly due of the lower risk of this credit portfolio, whose average riskiness is below the industry sector and agriculture.Also, in deficiency of strong industrial sector who can export its goods, Macedonian banks are turned towards wholesale and retail trade sectors. So it is expected with growth of GDP per capita in future banks to increase the loan portfolio of industry and in the same time to decrease the share of trade sector portfolio in total service portfolio.
Seasonal Slumps in Juventae Chasma, Mars
Authors: Ojha Lujendra , Chojnacki Matt , McDonald George D. , Shumway Andrew , Wolff Michael J. , Smith Michael D. , McEwen Alfred S. , Ferrier Ken , Huber Christian , Wray James J. , Toigo Anthony 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDark topographic slumps several meters wide, tens of meters in length, and up to a meter in depth are observed on the slopes of Juventae Chasma (JC), Valles Marineris (VM), Mars. These slumps usually originate near the terminal points of recurring slope lineae (RSL). Near their initiation points, the slumps have topographic depressions due to the removal of materials; near their lowermost reaches, new materials are deposited in lobes. Over the course of three Mars years, 10 active slumps have been observed in JC, all of which formed in or near the same season (areocentric longitude: Ls 0°–120°). Mars Color Imager (MARCI) observations show low‐altitude atmospheric obscurations confined within the topography of the VM and JC in the seasons when the slumps form. In one instance, data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars and MARCI show evidence of H2O ice in the atmospheric obscuration, likely due to the formation of a low‐level afternoon cloud above a dust storm, or mixing of condensate clouds with a diffuse dust cloud. The presence of atmospheric obscurations with H2O ice near times when the slumps form is intriguing, but no direct evidence currently exists to support that they aid in slump formation. Further monitoring of this site will help establish if RSL and/or atmospheric events play a role in the creation of contemporary slumps.
Oxidative Drug Metabolism by Mammalian CytochromeP450Enzymes Using Their Monooxygenase and Peroxygenase Functions
Authors: Hrycay Eugene G. , Bandiera Stelvio M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme system represents the predominant biotransformation pathway in the human body for lipophilic exogenous and endogenous compounds. The monooxygenase reaction catalyzed by CYP enzymes involves the addition of one oxygen atom from molecular oxygen to a lipophilic substrate, while incorporating the other oxygen atom into a molecule of water, thereby leading to the production of more polar and easily excreted metabolites. Thus, CYP enzymes are major determinants of duration of action and clearance of drugs. In some cases, CYP enzymes are involved in the formation of chemically reactive and potentially toxic metabolites, as well as in clinically significant drug–drug interactions, which are a widely recognized cause of adverse drug reactions in humans. This chapter focuses on the oxidative biotransformation of therapeutic drugs catalyzed by human CYP enzymes. The topics covered include the identification of human hepatic and extrahepatic CYP enzymes involved in drug biotransformation, CYP bioactivation of prodrugs to pharmacologically active compounds, human CYP drug–drug interactions, CYP monooxygenase and peroxygenase reactions involving drug substrates, and mechanisms involved in CYP oxidative drug reactions.
Therapeutic Protein Drug–Drug Interactions
Authors: Kraynov Eugenia , Martin Steven W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMost of the reported drug–drug interactions (DDIs) involving therapeutic proteins (TPs) have been mild in nature and did not require dose adjustments. The majority of observed TP‐DDI occurred when small‐molecule drugs were coadministered with cytokine‐modulating TP. However, alterations in P‐glycoprotein and plasma proteins such as albumin or α acid glycoprotein have also been implicated in potential DDI. A new class of TP, antibody–drug conjugates, can potentially be involved as victims of DDI when clearance of the released drug is impaired.Both the 2007 EMA “Guideline on the Clinical Investigation of the Pharmacokinetics of Therapeutic Proteins” and 2012 FDA draft “Guidance on Drug Interaction Studies” contain recommendations for the TP‐DDI evaluation. Comprehensive assessment of the DDI risk for TPs requires a systematic, science‐driven approach that takes into account clearance mechanisms of the TP, its pharmacology, the target patient population, and expected concomitant medications. To date, conducting a clinical DDI study is the most reliable approach for TP‐DDI assessment. The approaches include population PK modeling, coadministration with cytochrome P450 (CYP) substrate cocktail, assessment of CYP expression in tissue biopsies, and measurements of the systemic cytokine concentrations.
From Molecular‐Level Organization to Nanoscale Positioning: Synergetic Ligand Effect on the Synthesis of Hybrid Nanostructures
Authors: Xiang Di , Liu Hong , Yang Lei , Liang Yuting , Zhu Jiaqi , Lu Zhongyuan , Hou Ying , Yang Ming 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA key challenge in advancing the design of hybrid nanostructures (HNs) lies in the difficulty in mastering the principle of selected hybrid formation, which is complicated not only by the size and shape variations of nanoparticles but also by the interfacial phenomena associated with surface ligands. Here this study elaborates the formation mechanism of HNs by a combined experimental and theoretical study employing multiscale simulations and shows how molecular information encoded on particle surface can be transferred into distinct composite patterns. The emergence of different HNs is found to be not only related to ligand binding strengths affecting the reaction kinetics but also the ligand–ligand interactions responsible for phase segregation. Unexpectedly, the sulfidation of Ag nanoparticles co‐stabilized by citrate/gallic acid with different molar ratios constantly produces heterodimers with faster reaction rate than the formation of core–shell structures when they are solely coated by citrate or gallic acid. The surprising result originates from the phase separation of two short surface ligands with large contrast in binding strengths as indicated by photoluminescence spectra and supported by the dissipative particle dynamics simulations. Hierarchical HNs consisting of a heterodimer shell with built‐in hot spots can be further synthesized using Au@Ag core–shell particles with mixed surface layers.
Sandwich‐Type Nanocomposite of Reduced Graphene Oxide and Periodic Mesoporous Silica with Vertically Aligned Mesochannels of Tunable Pore Depth and Size
Authors: Wang Zheng‐Ming , Peng Wenqin , Takenaka Yoshiko , Yoshizawa Noriko , Kosuge Katsunori , Wang Wendong , Ozin Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSandwich‐type nanocomposites of graphene oxide (GO) and periodic mesoporous silica (PMS) with vertically aligned mesochannels of different pore depth and size are synthesized and characterized, and their formation modes are examined. The existence of mesoscale ordered structure in the mixture of GO and surfactant solutions is confirmed for the first time by in situ small angle X‐ray scattering measurement using synchrotron radiation. The mesochannel depth and pore wall ripening of PMS in the nanocomposites are controlled by the reaction time of the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate. The pore size of PMS in the nanocomposites can be varied in the range of 1–5 nm by varying the chain length of alkyltrimethylammonium (CnTA+) template and high specific surface area (≈1000 m2 g−1) is achieved for all samples. Nanocomposites with vertically aligned PMS mesochannels can be synthesized by applying CnTA+ templates of n ≥ 12, whereas with CnTA+ of n ≤ 10, either PMS nanoparticle deposited GO structure or the structure with incomplete coverage of GO surface with imperfect PMS is found. The aggregation behaviors of surfactant molecules on GO depend on surfactant concentration relative to critical micelle concentration and reaction temperature, and result in the peculiar nanocomposites of different structural styles.
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles in Metal‐Phenolic Networks: Catalytic and Antimicrobial Applications of Coated Textiles
Authors: Yun Gyeongwon , Pan Shuaijun , Wang Ting‐Yi , Guo Junling , Richardson Joseph J. , Caruso Frank 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of metal nanoparticle (NP)‐coated textiles (nanotextiles) is achieved by a dipping process in water without toxic chemicals or complicated synthetic procedures. By taking advantage of the unique nature of tannic acid, metal‐phenolic network‐coated textiles serve as reducing and stabilizing sites for the generation of metal nanoparticles of controllable size. The textiles can be decorated with various metal nanoparticles, including palladium, silver, or gold, and exhibit properties derived from the presence of the metal nanoparticles, for example, catalytic activity in water (>96% over five cycles using palladium nanoparticles) and antibacterial activity against Gram‐negative bacteria (inhibition of Escherichia coli using silver nanoparticles) that outperforms a commercial bandage. The reported strategy offers opportunities for the development of hybrid nanomaterials that may have application in fields outside of catalysis and antimicrobials, such as sensing and smart clothing.