bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bayesian inversion of a CRN depth profile to infer Quaternary erosion of the northwestern Campine Plateau (NE Belgium)
Authors: Laloy Eric , Beerten Koen , Vanacker Veerle , Christl Marcus , Rogiers Bart , Wouters Laurent 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The rate at which low-lying sandy areas in temperate regions, such as the Campine Plateau (NE Belgium), have been eroding during the Quaternary is a matter of debate. Current knowledge on the average pace of landscape evolution in the Campine area is largely based on geological inferences and modern analogies. We performed a Bayesian inversion of an in situ-produced 10Be concentration depth profile to infer the average long-term erosion rate together with two other parameters: the surface exposure age and the inherited 10Be concentration. Compared to the latest advances in probabilistic inversion of cosmogenic radionuclide (CRN) data, our approach has the following two innovative components: it (1) uses Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling and (2) accounts (under certain assumptions) for the contribution of model errors to posterior uncertainty. To investigate to what extent our approach differs from the state of the art in practice, a comparison against the Bayesian inversion method implemented in the CRONUScalc program is made. Both approaches identify similar maximum a posteriori (MAP) parameter values, but posterior parameter and predictive uncertainty derived using the method taken in CRONUScalc is moderately underestimated. A simple way for producing more consistent uncertainty estimates with the CRONUScalc-like method in the presence of model errors is therefore suggested. Our inferred erosion rate of 39 ± 8. 9 mm kyr−1 (1σ) is relatively large in comparison with landforms that erode under comparable (paleo-)climates elsewhere in the world. We evaluate this value in the light of the erodibility of the substrate and sudden base level lowering during the Middle Pleistocene. A denser sampling scheme of a two-nuclide concentration depth profile would allow for better inferred erosion rate resolution, and including more uncertain parameters in the MCMC inversion.
A 125-year record of climate and chemistry variability at the Pine Island Glacier ice divide, Antarctica
Authors: Schwanck Franciele , Simões Jefferson C. , Handley Michael , Mayewski Paul A. , Auger Jeffrey D. , Bernardo Ronaldo T. , Aquino Francisco E. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. The Mount Johns (MJ) ice core (79°55′ S; 94°23′ W) was drilled near the Pine Island Glacier ice divide on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during the 2008–2009 austral summer, to a depth of 92.26 m. The upper 45 m of the record covers approximately 125 years (1883–2008), showing marked seasonal variability. Trace element concentrations in 2137 samples were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. In this study, we reconstruct mineral dust and sea salt aerosol transport and investigate the influence of climate variables on the elemental concentrations at the MJ site. The ice core record reflects changes in emissions as well as atmospheric circulation and transport processes. Our trajectory analysis shows distinct seasonality, with strong westerly transport in the winter months and secondary northeasterly transport in the summer. During summer months, the trajectories present slow-moving (short) transport and are more locally influenced than in other seasons. Finally, our reanalysis correlations with trace element suggest that marine-derived trace element concentrations are strongly influenced by sea ice concentration and sea surface temperature anomalies. The results show that seasonal elemental concentration maxima in sea salt elements correlate well with the sea ice concentration winter maxima in the west Amundsen and Ross seas. Lastly, we observed an increased concentration of marine aerosols when sea surface temperature decreased.
The Corporate Mediator – Supporting People, Fights, Flights and Flows
Authors: Doyle Anna 
Published: July 2017

The Corporate Mediator – Supporting People, Fights, Flights and Flows
Responding to Martin Brinks’ inaugural CMJ article (that asked if corporate mediation was a prospect for the legal department and for organisations as a whole) Anna Doyle responded with a resounding affirmative. A professional career that has spanned over four decades took her on a route through national and international public services, working in areas as diverse as promoting legislation for social justice to supporting the safety of air navigation. Her first-hand experience of the challenge of responding to the ups and downs of daily working life in a multi-cultural setting has opened up new frontiers in awareness of the value of conflict resolution. Her work at EUROCONTROL has pioneered the role of corporate mediator and has embedded mediation and ethics in organisational life in a way that aims to bring added value and promote shared insight.
Business Schools Should Adopt More Conflict Resolution into Their Risk Assessment and Management Curriculum
Authors: Weiss David S. 
Published: July 2017

Business Schools Should Adopt More Conflict Resolution into Their Risk Assessment and Management Curriculum: The “Economic Efficiency through Mediation” (“EEM”) Approach
This article proposes mediation models in business school curriculum and for business implementation as part of risk assessment, risk management and conflict mitigation procedures. Through a solution-focused approach, the article sets forth a new methodology known as Economic Efficiency through Mediation (“EEM”) to combat asymmetric information risks and provide early conflict resolution pathways. EEM aims to act as a hedge instrument for commercial stakeholders facing uncertainty, imbalances in analyzing data, making decisions, and conflict challenges to their systems. EEM is a risk mitigation procedure for the business community to adopt and business schools to include in risk assessment and risk management programs. The EEM model will help improve efficiency, functionality and fluidity in the market place.
Absolute reconstruction of the closing of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean in the Mesozoic elucidates the genesis of the slab geometry underneath Eurasia
Authors: Wu Lei , Kravchinsky Vadim A. , Gu Yu J. , Potter David K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the present‐day fast seismic velocity anomalies in the mantle requires an accurate kinematic reconstruction of past convergent tectonics. Using the paleomagnetism‐based absolute reconstruction method from Wu and Kravchinsky (2014), we present here the restoration of the closing of the Mongol‐Okhotsk Ocean (MOO) that existed between Siberia and North China‐Amuria (NCA) during the Mesozoic. Three stages, i.e., 250–200 Ma, 200–150 Ma, and 150–120 Ma, are identified from the time‐varying convergence rates of Siberia and NCA. The spherical distance between the suture margins was reduced by approximately 66.7% at an average convergence rate of 8.8 ± 0.6 cm/yr during the first stage at 250–200 Ma, when approximately 62.5–76.1% of the slabs associated with the MOO lithosphere were formed primarily through intraoceanic convergence. In the second stage at 200–150 Ma, the spherical distance was reduced by another 21.1% with a convergence rate of 3.6 ± 0.3 cm/yr. During this stage, approximately 14.2–30.9% of the MOO slabs were formed and continental‐oceanic convergence outpaced intraoceanic subduction. In the last stage at 150–120 Ma, the convergence rate dropped to approximately 0.4–0.6 cm/yr with the formation of approximately 4.6–9.8% slabs associated with the MOO lithosphere. The final closure of the remnant MOO basin could have been accomplished by 130–120 Ma, which explains the origin of the fast‐velocity anomalies inside the restored continents at 120 Ma near the suture margins.
Self‐falsification in multimodel unfalsified adaptive switching control
Authors: Nouri Manzar Mojtaba , Khaki‐Sedigh Ali 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper addresses a multimodel unfalsified adaptive switching control with finite fixed time window cost function by utilizing a self‐falsification strategy. A closed‐loop stability proof is provided, and it is shown that the forgetting factor employed with finite fixed windowed cost function improves the closed‐loop performance. Furthermore, it is shown that the unfalsified adaptive control with nonmonotone cost function is unable to select the appropriate controller, and a new reset strategy is proposed to resolve this problem. The γ sequence monotonicity in the linear increasing cost‐level algorithm causes a performance deterioration, and a γ sequence reset is introduced for performance enhancement. Effectiveness of the proposed method is investigated for a nonlinear pH neutralization process and the 2‐cart benchmark example.
Synthesis, optimization, and characterization of poly (Styrene‐co‐Acrylonitrile) copolymer prepared via precipitation polymerization
Authors: El‐Aassar Mohamed R. , Masoud Mamdouh S. , Elkady Marwa F. , Elzain Ahmed A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPoly (Styrene‐co‐Acrylonitrile) (poly (St‐co‐AN) copolymer nanoparticles with controllable size are synthesized by a simple and cheap precipitation polymerization technique of styrene (St) and acrylonitrile (AN) monomers in aqueous medium using potassium persulfate (KPS) redox initiation system. Preparation of poly (St‐co‐AN) and studying all the parameters affecting the polymerization process such as time, temperature, monomer ratio, initiator molarity, cosolvent ratio, and solvent were considered. The resultant poly (St‐co‐AN) was compared with other studies which used different comonomers with AN, the comparison was assessed by evaluating the polymer conversion yield side. Maximum polymerization conversion yield, 66.5%, was obtained with St:AN (30%:70%) comonomer ratio. The smallest particle size obtained with this method was close to 16.17 nm and controlled by variation in polymerization conditions. The structure of poly (St‐co‐AN) copolymers were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analyzer (DTA). The morphological structure of the copolymer particles was indicated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs. The polymeric particle size was studied using particle size analyzer.
Narrowing the Gap between Theoretical and Practical Capacities in Li‐Ion Layered Oxide Cathode Materials
Authors: Radin Maxwell D. , Hy Sunny , Sina Mahsa , Fang Chengcheng , Liu Haodong , Vinckeviciute Julija , Zhang Minghao , Whittingham M. Stanley , Meng Y. Shirley , Van der Ven Anton 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlthough layered lithium oxides have become the cathode of choice for state‐of‐the‐art Li‐ion batteries, substantial gaps remain between the practical and theoretical energy densities. With the aim of supporting efforts to close this gap, this work reviews the fundamental operating mechanisms and challenges of Li intercalation in layered oxides, contrasts how these challenges play out differently for different materials (with emphasis on Ni–Co–Al (NCA) and Ni–Mn–Co (NMC) alloys), and summarizes the extensive corpus of modifications and extensions to the layered lithium oxides. Particular emphasis is given to the fundamental mechanisms behind the operation and degradation of layered intercalation electrode materials as well as novel modifications and extensions, including Na‐ion and cation‐disordered materials.
ITACA: A new validated international erythropoietic stimulating agent‐response score that further refines the predictive power of previous scoring systems
Authors: Buckstein Rena , Balleari Enrico , Wells Richard , Santini Valeria , Sanna Alessandro , Salvetti Chiara , Crisà Elena , Allione Bernardino , Danise Paolo , Finelli Carlo , Clavio Marino , Poloni Antonella , Salvi Flavia , Cilloni Daniela , Oliva Esther Natalie , Musto Pellegrino , Houston Brett , Zhu Nancy , Geddes Michelle , Leitch Heather , Leber Brian , Sabloff Mitchell , Nevill Thomas J. , Yee Karen W. , Storring John M. , Francis Janika , Maurillo Luca , Latagliata Roberto , Spiriti Maria Antonietta Aloe , Andriani Alessandro , Piccioni Anna Lina , Fianchi Luana , Fenu Susanna , Gumenyuk Svitlana , Buccisano Francesco 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundIn ‘real‐life’, the Nordic score guides Erythropoietic stimulating agent (ESA) use in lower‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) with predicted response rates of 25% or 74%. As new treatments emerge, a more discriminating score is needed.ObjectivesTo validate existing ESA predictive scores and develop a new score that identifies non‐responders.MethodsESA‐treated patients were identified in 3 MDS registries in Italy and Canada (FISM 555, GROM 233, and MDS‐CAN 208). Clinical and disease‐related variables were captured. Nordic, MDS‐CAN, and IPSS‐R‐based ESA scores were calculated and documented ESA responses compared.Results996 ESA‐treated patients were identified. Overall response rate (ORR) was 59%. The database was randomly divided into balanced derivation (n = 463) and validation (n = 462) cohorts. By multivariate analysis, transfusion independence, erythropoietin (EPO) level <100 IU/L, and IPSS low‐risk were independently predictive of response. Assigning a score of 1 to each resulted in a scoring system of 0‐3 with response rates of 23%, 43%, 67%, and 85%. ORR was concordant in the validation cohort. The ‘ITACA’ score had the highest discriminating power of response.ConclusionITACA is an internally‐validated predictive SS of ESA response in real‐life ‘good risk’ MDS patients derived from a large international dataset that surpasses others. The incorporation of biologic markers to better identify non‐responders is still needed.
Advances in Aza‐Claisen‐Rearrangement‐Induced Ring‐Expansion Strategies
Authors: Jung Jong‐Wha , Kim Seok‐Ho , Suh Young‐Ger 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe aza‐Claisen rearrangement, also known as the 3‐aza‐Cope rearrangement, has attracted significant attention because it can be used as a complimentary method to access a diverse range of useful organic molecules. The presence of a nitrogen atom at the 3‐position enables the tethering of various‐sized azacycles, thereby giving ring‐expansion strategies that take advantage of the aza‐Claisen rearrangement a distinct advantage compared to other [3,3]‐sigmatropic rearrangements. Recent advances in aza‐Claisen rearrangements have facilitated otherwise‐inaccessible ring expansions in a highly stereoselective manner. The utility of aza‐Claisen‐rearrangement‐induced ring‐expansion strategies has been exemplified in the synthesis of a diverse range of natural products. This Focus Review summarizes recent advances in aza‐Claisen‐rearrangement‐induced ring‐expansion strategy, in particular applications in the synthesis of bioactive alkaloids.
Photoelectrocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into C1 Products by Using Modified‐Semiconductor‐Based Catalyst Systems
Authors: Dey Aniruddha , Maiti Debabrata , Lahiri Goutam Kumar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent developments in the photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of CO2 have helped to harness its potential as a versatile feedstock for the generation of alternative fuels. In this regard, the emergence of hybrid semiconductor‐based photocathodes in conjunction with metal cocatalysts, metal fabrications, and other photoanodes are noteworthy, owing to their efficient catalytic conversions and appreciable selectivities. Since its discovery in 1978, a series of reports have aided the production of CO, HCOOH, MeOH, and CH4 through the reduction of CO2 by using hybrid semiconductor‐based systems. This Focus Review highlights some of the major developments from the past few years with the aim of fostering further scientific perception of the true potential of this research area and encouraging future research investigations.
Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis: Techniques and Reactions
Authors: Wentrup Curt 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFlash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) had its beginnings in the 1940s and 1950s, mainly through mass spectrometric detection of pyrolytically formed free radicals. In the 1960s many organic chemists started performing FVP experiments with the purpose of isolating new and interesting compounds and understanding pyrolysis processes. Meanwhile, many different types of apparatus and techniques have been developed, and it is the purpose of this review to present the most important methods as well as a survey of typical reactions and observations that can be achieved with the various techniques. This includes preparative FVP, chemical trapping reactions, matrix isolation, and low temperature spectroscopy of reactive intermediates and unstable molecules, the use of online mass, photoelectron, microwave, and millimeterwave spectroscopies, gas‐phase laser pyrolysis, pulsed pyrolysis with supersonic jet expansion, very low pressure pyrolysis for kinetic investigations, solution‐spray and falling‐solid FVP for involatile compounds, and pyrolysis over solid supports and reagents. Moreover, the combination of FVP with matrix isolation and photochemistry is a powerful tool for investigations of reaction mechanism.
The Power of Stakeholders' Voice: The Effects of Social Media Activism on Stock Markets
Authors: Gomez‐Carrasco Pablo , Michelon Giovanna 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBuilding on social movement theory, this study assesses the influence of social media activism on the stock market performance of targeted firms. We focus on information published on Twitter by two critical stakeholders: consumer associations and trade unions. To the extent that social media represent a valid medium to mobilize stakeholders' activism, protests on Twitter may damage firm reputation, leading to capital market reactions. Using a corpus of over 1.5 million tweets referring to Spanish listed banks, we study the impact of activism by looking at targeted firms' abnormal variations in price and trading volume. Our findings suggest that the Twitter activism of key stakeholders has a significant impact on investors' decisions. Further, our empirical analyses indicate that the mechanisms affecting investors' behavior differ depending on the characteristics of the stakeholder group. Hence, this study contributes to understanding how social movements influence corporate behavior via social media. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
A qualitative investigation of staff's practical, personal and philosophical barriers to the implementation of a web‐based platform in a child mental health setting
Authors: Town Rosa , Midgley Nick , Ellis Louise , Tempest Rebecca , Wolpert Miranda 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo provide an understanding of the factors that discouraged staff members from using a new web‐based platform (CAMHSweb) with young people in a child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS). Although evidence‐based service improvement technology like CAMHSweb is becoming more common in child mental health, the staff‐level barriers to the use of web‐based platforms have not been explored in depth in the literature.MethodSemi‐structured interviews with six employees were carried out in a London‐based child mental health service that a preliminary audit had identified as having a poor utilisation of the platform. All participants had previously been invited to use the platform as part of their clinical work. Results were analysed using thematic analysis (Braun and Clarke, 2006).FindingsThree overarching themes covered staff's practical, personal and philosophical barriers to implementation. Interviewees believed that CAMHSweb was too challenging to implement, that it was not an asset to therapists, and that it interfered with the therapeutic process.Discussion and ImplicationsThese findings provide a nuanced understanding of the multiple factors that may discourage clinicians from using web‐based platforms. This may have implications for researchers or practitioners who aim to design or implement technology in child mental health services.
Isomer Dependence on the Reactivity of Diazenes with Pentaphenylborole
Authors: Adiraju Venkata A. K. , Martin Caleb D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReactions of the anti‐aromatic pentaphenylborole with diazenes indicate that both the substitution and the isomer influence the reaction outcome. With respect to trans isomers, azobenzene underwent coordination and C−H addition across the diene of the borole, and 2′,6′‐dimethylazobenzene furnished a fused tricyclic system. Under photolytic conditions, both of the aforementioned diazenes generate the first 1,3,2‐diazaborepin heterocycles, rationalized through reactivity with the cis isomers. This notion is corroborated by the reaction of pentaphenylborole with benzo[c]cinnoline, the tethered variant of azobenzene, that only exists as the cis conformer as the corresponding 1,3,2‐diazaborepin was produced regardless if the reaction is conducted in the dark or light. The more aromatic pyridazine proved to be less reactive, forming a resilient adduct.
Ultrafast Molecular Rotors and Their CO2 Tuning in MOFs with Rod‐Like Ligands
Authors: Bracco Silvia , Castiglioni Fabio , Comotti Angiolina , Galli Simona , Negroni Mattia , Maspero Angelo , Sozzani Piero 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA metal organic framework (MOF) engineered to contain in its scaffold rod‐like struts featuring ultrafast molecular rotors showed extremely rapid 180 ° flip reorientation with rotational rates of 1011 Hz at 150 K. Crystal‐pore accessibility of the MOF allowed the CO2 molecules to enter the cavities and control the rotor spinning speed down to 105 Hz at 150 K. Rotor dynamics, as modulated by CO2 loading/unloading in the porous crystals, was described by proton T1 and 2H NMR spectroscopy. This strategy enabled the regulation of rotary motion by the diffusion of the gas within the channels and the determination of the energetics of rotary dynamics in the presence of CO2.
Meta‐Selective C−H Arylation of Aromatic Alcohols with a Readily Attachable and Cleavable Molecular Scaffold
Authors: Li Qiankun , Ferreira Eric M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe first example of meta‐selective C−H arylations of arene alcohol‐based substrates is described. The strategy involves the combination of the transient norbornene strategy with the quinoline‐based acetal scaffold to achieve the formation of biaryl compounds. Both a two‐step meta‐arylation/scaffold cleavage process and a total telescoping procedure are described, highlighting the convenient attributes of attachment, removal, and recovery of the acetal scaffold. Moreover, the meta‐arylated compounds can be further derivatized via ortho‐selective functionalizations. These processes establish a foundation for catalytic polyfunctionalization of alcohol‐based compounds.
Emergent chemodiversity: The case of stereoisomerism in acyclic alkanes
Authors: Testa Bernard 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe objective of this pen‐and‐paper study is to witness the emergence of stereoisomeric properties when comparing lower to higher families of homologs. Specifically, the study compares all acyclic hexanes (five constitutional isomers, a.k.a. regioisomers), all nine heptanes, all 18 octanes, all 35 nonanes, and all 75 decanes. The first part of the work examines the nature and number of stereoisomeric properties seen to emerge in chemical structures featuring one chiral center (i.e., enantiomerism) or two such centers, in which case more complex stereoisomeric features emerge (enantiomerism, diastereoisomerism, pseudoasymmetry, andmeso‐isomers). The first emergence of chirality (i.e., enantiomerism) occurred in some heptanes. Diastereoisomerism andmeso‐isomers appear with some octanes, while a pseudoasymmetric center exists in a decane regioisomer. The second part of the work is an attempt to rationalize the numbers of regioisomers, chiral centers, and stereoisomers as these numbers grow from one family of regioisomers to the higher ones. Far from being random, such increases prove regular and ordered.