bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Assessments of Mechanical Responses upon Radial Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy
Authors: Liu Yajun , Chen Xiaodong , Guo Anyi , Liu Sijin , Hu Guoqing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) has been widely used to treat orthopedic disorders with promising clinical results, rESWT largely relies on clinicians' personal experiences and arbitrary judgments, without knowing relationships between administration doses and effective doses at target sites. In fact, practitioners lack a general and reliable way to assess propagation and distribution of pressure waves inside biological tissues quantitatively. This study develops a methodology to combine experimental measurements and computational simulations to obtain pressure fields from rESWT through calibrating and validating computational models with experimental measurements. Wave pressures at the bottom of a petri dish and inside biological tissues are measured, respectively, by attaching and implanting flexible membrane sensors. Detailed wave dynamics are simulated through explicit finite element analyses. The data decipher that waves from rESWT radiate directionally and can be modeled as acoustic waves generated from a vibrating circular piston. Models are thus established to correlate pressure amplitudes at the bottom of petri dishes and in the axial direction of biological tissues. Additionally, a pilot simulation upon rESWT for human lumbar reveals a detailed and realistic pressure field mapping. This study will open a new avenue of personalized treatment planning and mechanism research for rESWT.
The impact of changes in the AgriStability program on crop activities: A farm modeling approach
Authors: Liu Xuan , Duan Jun , van Kooten G. Cornelis 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTo analyze the production impacts of changes made in 2013 to Canada's AgriStability risk management program, we calibrate a crop allocation model using positive mathematical programming (PMP). Because PMP is not straightforward if farmers are assumed to maximize expected utility (as a risk parameter also needs to be calibrated), we consider possible ways to address this issue but settle on a traditional approach used in the EU's Farm System Simulator. We calibrate farm management models for six different Alberta regions and use it to determine how changes in the AgriStability's payment trigger affect production incentives. Results indicate that, although the initial introduction of the AgriStability program in 2008 might have tilted farmers’ planting decisions toward crops with higher returns and greater risk, changes to this program reduce indemnities and farmers’ expected profits, but do not further alter land‐use decisions. Rather, it is increases in farmers’ aversion to risk that lead to the greatest changes in crop allocation. [EconLit citations: Q14, Q18, C61].
Comparison of the guidelines for colorectal cancer in Japan, the USA and Europe
Authors: Shinagawa Takahide , Tanaka Toshiaki , Nozawa Hiroaki , Emoto Shigenobu , Murono Koji , Kaneko Manabu , Sasaki Kazuhito , Otani Kensuke , Nishikawa Takeshi , Hata Keisuke , Kawai Kazushige , Watanabe Toshiaki 
Published: December 2017

AbstractColorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers globally as well as in Japan and has shown a pattern of increasing incidence and mortality rates. Therefore, guidelines for CRC are considered to be crucial for establishing standard medical treatment not only in Japan but also around the world. In this article, we explain the features of the representative guidelines in Japan (Japanese Society for Cancer of the Colon and Rectum [JSCCR]), the USA (National Comprehensive Cancer Network [NCCN]) and Europe (European Society for Medical Oncology [ESMO]) and review the differences among these guidelines for CRC. We focus, in particular, on the descriptions of local treatments, including endoscopic treatment for CRC and transanal excision for lower rectal cancer; surgical treatments with lymph node dissection, including management of lower rectal cancer with lateral lymph node metastasis and laparoscopic surgery; and chemotherapy. Although the guidelines share basic principles, some details are different. Consulting the guidelines of various regions from around the world may aid in more precise and effective examination of the details and backgrounds of our own native guidelines.
Regioselective Acylation of 2,3,4,6‐Tetrahydro‐1,6‐dithia[3‐a]azaphenalene toward Donor–Acceptor‐Type Benzophenones
Authors: Wu Yuewei , Zhao Jinlian , Yan Chaoxian , Li Dongxu , Shao Xiangfeng 
Published: December 2017

Abstract2,3,4,6‐Tetrahydro‐1,6‐dithia[3‐a]azaphenalene (THDTAP) is a heteropolycycle possessing two reactive sites for acylation. The regioselective acylation of THDTAP was achieved at the para and meta positions with respect to the nitrogen atom under conditions of AlCl3 (1.3 equiv, 25 °C) and AlCl3 (4 equiv, 40 °C), respectively. A series of para‐ and meta‐benzophenones having a donor–acceptor‐type structure were then synthesized, in which the THDTAP and benzoyl moieties serve as donor and acceptor, respectively. Under typical McMurry reaction conditions, para‐ and meta‐benzophenones show different reactivity, and the electronic nature of the aryl group also plays a pivotal role. Theoretical, electrochemical, and photophysical studies indicate that the electronic structures of para‐ and meta‐benzophenones are distinct because the electronic communication between donor and acceptor subunits are different for the two regioisomers. The para‐benzophenones show off/on fluorescence upon acidification/neutralization and hence might be useful as chemosensors.
Phase‐Contact Engineering in Mono‐ and Bimetallic Cu‐Ni Co‐catalysts for Hydrogen Photocatalytic Materials
Authors: Muñoz‐Batista Mario J. , Motta Meira Debora , Colón Gerardo , Kubacka Anna , Fernández‐García Marcos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUnderstanding how a photocatalyst modulates its oxidation state, size, and structure during a photocatalytic reaction under operando conditions is strongly limited by the mismatch between (catalyst) volume sampled by light and, to date, the physicochemical techniques and probes employed to study them. A synchrotron micro‐beam X‐ray absorption spectroscopy study together with the computational simulation and analysis (at the X‐ray cell) of the light‐matter interaction occurring in powdered TiO2‐based monometallic Cu, Ni and bimetallic CuNi catalysts for hydrogen production from renewables was carried out. The combined information unveils an unexpected key catalytic role involving the phase contact between the reduced and oxidized non‐noble metal phases in all catalysts and, additionally, reveals the source of the synergistic Cu‐Ni interaction in the bimetallic material. The experimental method is applicable to operando studies of a wide variety of photocatalytic materials.
Presynaptic GLP‐1 receptors enhance the depolarization‐evoked release of glutamate and GABA in the mouse cortex and hippocampus
Authors: Rebosio Claudia , Balbi Matilde , Passalacqua Mario , Ricciarelli Roberta , Fedele Ernesto 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGlucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptors (GLP‐1Rs) have been shown to mediate cognitive‐enhancing and neuroprotective effects in the central nervous system. However, little is known about their physiological roles on central neurotransmission, especially at the presynaptic level. Using purified synaptosomal preparations and immunofluorescence techniques, here we show for the first time that GLP‐1Rs are localized on mouse cortical and hippocampal synaptic boutons, in particular on glutamatergic and GABAergic nerve terminals. Their activation by the selective agonist exendin‐4 (1–100 nM) was able to increase the release of either [3H]d‐aspartate or [3H]GABA. These effects were abolished by 10 nM of the selective GLP1‐R antagonist exendin‐3 (9–39) and were prevented by the selective adenylyl cyclase inhibitor 2′,5′‐dideoxyadenosine (10 µM), indicating the involvement of classic GLP‐1Rs coupled to Gs protein stimulating cAMP synthesis.Our data demonstrate the existence and activity of presynaptic receptors for GLP‐1 that could represent additional mechanisms by which this neurohormone exerts its effects in the CNS. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(2):148–157, 2018
Novel compound heterozygous mutations in the PARK2 gene identified in a Chinese pedigree with early‐onset Parkinson's disease
Authors: Shi Yingying , Kawakami Hideshi , Zang Weizhou , Li Gang , Zhang Jiewen , Xu Changshui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectsTo capture point mutations and short insertions/deletions in 49 previously reported genes associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) in a Chinese pedigree with early‐onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD)‐affected individuals.MethodsClinical examinations and genomic analysis were performed on 21 subjects belonging to three generations of a Chinese family. Target region capture and high‐throughput sequencing were used for screening 49 genes, which were previously reported to be associated with PD. The direct Sanger sequencing method in all subjects further verified the abnormal DNA fragments in the PARK2 gene.ResultsFour family members, including a mother (I‐1) and her three children (II‐2, II‐3, and II‐7), were diagnosed with PD by clinical manifestations and/or PET/CT imaging analyses. Novel compound heterozygous mutations, consisting of a fragment deletion in exon 1 to 2 (EX 1‐2 del) and a splicing point mutation c.619‐1 (G > C) in the 6th intron of the PARK2 gene, were identified in II‐2, II‐3, and II‐7. Individual EX 1‐2 del or c.619‐1 (G > C) mutations were detected in I‐1 and the third generation (III‐2, 3, 5, 10, and 11).Other mutations were not detected in the 49 known PD‐associated genes.ConclusionNovel compound heterozygous mutations were identified in a Chinese pedigree and might represent a cause of familial EOPD with autosomal dominant inheritance.
Sustainable Consumption: Proposal of a Multistage Model to Analyse Consumer Behaviour for Organic Foods
Authors: Torres‐Ruiz Francisco José , Vega‐Zamora Manuela , Parras‐Rosa Manuel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractExplanatory models of consumer behaviour can be used to steer decision‐making in the complex task of designing generic strategies to increase sustainable consumption. This paper proposes an operational model which assumes that the purchase of an organic food is a complex process that can be broken down into phases. It is applied to a concrete case – organic olive oil in the Spanish market – quantifying each phase to determine which ones should be acted on to increase demand. Results indicate that it is possible to adopt the model proposed, and that the problems hindering consumption are a lack of confidence in organic certification, not perceiving differences between organic and conventional foods, and the perception of barriers in their purchase. Given the context, marketing communications strategies have a key role to play. This model can be used to analyse the specific situation of each market and propose development strategies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Designed Cluster Assembly of Multidimensional Titanium Coordination Polymers: Syntheses, Crystal Structure and Properties
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Chao , Tian Hong‐Rui , Li Lei‐Jiao , Sun Zhong‐Ming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe exploitation of new titanium‐based coordination polymers (Ti CPs) with high crystallinity is difficult but highly desirable for their potential applications in photocatalysis. Herein, a cluster‐cooperative assemble strategy is developed to synthesize Ti CPs. By utilizing various bifunctional ligands containing carboxylate acids and N‐donor groups, we successfully assembled the zero‐dimensional (0D) [(Ti3O)(iPrO)8]2+ or [(Ti4O2)(iPrO)6]6+ clusters into one‐dimensional (1D) tube‐, ribbon‐, or helical chain‐shape architectures, two‐dimensional (2D) layered structures, and a rare parallel 2D→three‐dimensional (3D) polycatenation framework with various copper iodide dopants, including rhombus‐ or wing‐shaped Cu2I2 and tetrahedron‐ or ladder‐shaped Cu4I4. The as‐synthesized compounds display strong absorption in the visible region with narrow band gaps ranging from 1.70 to 2.72 eV and exhibit good photocatalytic activities in the degradation of organic pollutants.
NOE‐Derived Methyl Distances from a 360 kDa Proteasome Complex
Authors: Chi Celestine N. , Strotz Dean , Riek Roland , Vögeli Beat 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy is the prime tool to probe structure and dynamics of biomolecules at atomic resolution. A serious challenge for that method is the size limit imposed on molecules to be studied. Standard studies are typically restricted to ca. 30–40 kDa. More recent developments lead to spin relaxation measurements in methyl groups in single proteins or protein complexes as large as a mega‐Dalton, which directly allow the extraction of angular information or experiments with paramagnetic samples. However, these probes are all of indirect nature in contrast to the most intuitive and easy‐to‐interpret structural/dynamics restraint, the internuclear distance, which can be measured by nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE). Herein, we demonstrate time‐averaged distance measurements on the 360 kDa half proteasome from Thermoplasma acidophilium. The approach is based on exact quantification of the NOE (eNOE). Our findings open up an avenue for such measurements on very large molecules. These restraints will help in a detailed determination of conformational changes upon perturbation such as ligand binding.
Novel Hybrid Prins/Aza‐Prins Oxocarbenium/N‐Acyliminium Cascade: Expedient Access to Complex Indolizidines
Authors: Berthet Mathéo , Beauseigneur Alice , Moine Charlotte , Taillier Catherine , Othman Mohamed , Dalla Vincent 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHeavy silyl enol ethers (mostly TIPS and TBS) combine with cyclic N‐alkenyl N‐acyliminium salts generated in situ from their N,O‐acetal precursors, to furnish highly functionalized indolizidines through an unprecedented double Mukaiyama–Mannich–Prins cascade transformation. This novel cascade annulation process demonstrates a promising scope, and takes place mostly catalytically with interesting stereocontrol. Furthermore, an appealing facet of this chemistry is emphasized with a bicatalytic approach by which the Mannich–Prins cascade follows a Ru‐catalyzed N‐allylamide to N‐(E)‐propenyl isomerization of the aminal counterpart in a one‐pot operation.
Evaluation of disease‐free survival as an intermediate metric of overall survival in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma: A trial‐level meta‐analysis
Authors: Harshman Lauren C. , Xie Wanling , Moreira Raphael B. , Bossé Dominick , Ruiz Ares Gustavo J. , Sweeney Christopher J. , Choueiri Toni K. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDOverall survival (OS) is a critical endpoint in adjuvant trials but requires long durations to events and significant patient resources. In the current study, the authors assessed whether disease‐free survival (DFS) can be an early clinical surrogate for OS in the adjuvant setting for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC).METHODSUsing Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, the authors performed a systematic literature review of PubMed and the American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Society for Medical Oncology, and ClinicalTrial.gov Web sites (1996‐2016). Inclusion in the current study required randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of adjuvant systemic therapy for localized RCC after nephrectomy with ≥3 years of outcomes data. Data regarding hazard ratios (HRs) and 5‐year event‐free rates from Kaplan‐Meier estimates were extracted. A trial‐level meta‐analysis correlated estimates of 5‐year DFS and 5‐year OS as well as treatment effects (HRs) on these endpoints, weighted by the number of DFS events. R‐squared ≥ 0.7 was prespecified as being indicative of a strong correlation and the potential for surrogacy.RESULTSThirteen RCTs encompassing 6473 patients who were treated with a variety of systemic therapies met eligibility. Only a modest correlation was observed between 5‐year DFS and 5‐year OS rates (R‐squared, 0.48; 95% confidence interval, 0.14‐0.67) and between treatment effects as measured by DFS and OS HRs (R‐squared, 0.44; 95% confidence interval, 0.00‐0.69).CONCLUSIONSAcross RCTs of adjuvant systemic therapy for localized RCC, there was no strong correlation noted between 5‐year DFS and 5‐year OS rates or between treatment effects on these endpoints. These results highlight the need to identify alternative and more rapid clinical or biologic endpoints to hasten drug development and improve clinical outcomes. Cancer 2018;124:925‐33. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Identification of mechanisms of resistance to treatment with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
Authors: Pal Sumanta Kumar , Patel Jaymala , He Miaoling , Foulk Brad , Kraft Katherine , Smirnov Denis A. , Twardowski Przemyslaw , Kortylewski Marcin , Bhargava Vipul , Jones Jeremy O. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDTwo androgen receptor (AR)‐targeted therapies, enzalutamide and abiraterone acetate plus prednisone (abiraterone), have been approved for the treatment of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Many patients respond to these agents, but both de novo and acquired resistance are common. The authors characterized resistant phenotypes that emerge after treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide.METHODSPatients who received abiraterone or enzalutamide in the course of routine clinical care were consented for serial blood collection. A proprietary system (CellSearch) was used to enumerate and enrich circulating tumor cells (CTCs). RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq) was performed on pools of up to 10 epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)‐positive/CD45‐negative CTCs. The impact of gene expression changes observed in CTCs between patients who responded or were resistant to abiraterone/enzalutamide therapies was further explored in a model cell line system.RESULTSRNA‐seq data from CTCs identified mutations commonly associated with CRPC as well as novel mutations, including several in the ligand‐binding domain of AR that could facilitate escape from AR‐targeted agents. Ingenuity pathway analysis of differentially regulated genes identified the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and cyclin D1 (CCND1) signaling pathways as significantly upregulated in drug‐resistant CTCs. Transfection experiments using enzalutamide‐sensitive and enzalutamide‐resistant LNCaP cells confirmed the involvement of SMAD family member 3, a key mediator of the TGFβ pathway, and of CCND1 in resistance to enzalutamide treatment.CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicate that RNA‐seq of CTCs representing abiraterone and enzalutamide sensitive and resistant states can identify potential mechanisms of resistance. Therapies targeting the downstream signaling mediated by SMAD family member 3 (SMAD3) and CCND1, such as cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/cyclin‐dependent kinase 6 inhibitors, could provide new therapeutic options for the treatment of antiandrogen‐resistant disease. Cancer 2018;124:1216‐24. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Acupressure bands do not improve chemotherapy‐induced nausea control in pediatric patients receiving highly emetogenic chemotherapy: A single‐blinded, randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dupuis L. Lee , Kelly Kara M. , Krischer Jeffrey P. , Langevin Anne‐Marie , Tamura Roy N. , Xu Ping , Chen Lu , Kolb E. Anders , Ullrich Nicole J. , Sahler Olle Jane Z. , Hendershot Eleanor , Stratton Ann , Sung Lillian , McLean Thomas W. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDChemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting remain common, distressing side effects of chemotherapy. It has been reported that acupressure prevents chemotherapy‐induced nausea in adults, but it has not been well studied in children.METHODSIn this multicenter, prospective, randomized, single‐blind, sham‐controlled trial, the authors compared acute‐phase nausea severity in patients ages 4 to 18 years who were receiving highly emetic chemotherapy using standard antiemetic agents combined with acupressure wrist bands, the most common type of acupressure, versus sham bands. Patients wore acupressure or sham bands continuously on each day of chemotherapy and for up to 7 days afterward. Chemotherapy‐induced nausea severity in the delayed phase and chemotherapy‐induced vomiting control in the acute and delayed phases also were compared.RESULTSOf the 187 patients randomized, 165 contributed nausea severity assessments during the acute phase. Acupressure bands did not reduce the severity of chemotherapy‐induced nausea in the acute phase (odds ratio [OR], 1.33; 95% confidence limits, 0.89‐2.00, in which an OR <1.00 favored acupressure) or in the delayed phase (OR, 1.23; 95% CL, 0.75‐2.01). Furthermore, acupressure bands did not improve daily vomiting control during the acute phase (OR, 1.57; 95% CL, 0.95‐2.59) or the delayed phase (OR, 0.84; 95% CL, 0.45‐1.58). No serious adverse events were reported.CONCLUSIONSAcupressure bands were safe but did not improve chemotherapy‐induced nausea or vomiting in pediatric patients who were receiving highly emetic chemotherapy. Cancer 2018;124:1188‐96. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Determination of Seminal Concentration of Fingolimod and Fingolimod‐Phosphate in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Receiving Chronic Treatment With Fingolimod
Authors: David Olivier J. , Berwick Amy , Pezous Nicole , Lang Michael , Tiel‐Wilck Klaus , Ziemssen Tjalf , Li Peng , Hara Hisanori , Schmouder Robert 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe safety profile of fingolimod 0.5 mg, approved therapy for relapsing multiple sclerosis, is well established in clinical and real‐world studies. As fingolimod is teratogenic in rats, it was considered important to assess the concentrations of fingolimod and its active metabolite, fingolimod‐phosphate, in the semen of male patients on treatment and the risk of harming a fetus in a pregnant partner. In this multicenter open‐label study, 13 male patients receiving fingolimod for at least 6 months provided 1 semen and 1 blood sample for analyte concentration measurements. The steady‐state seminal concentrations of fingolimod and fingolimod‐phosphate were close to those simultaneously observed in blood. The amount of fingolimod‐related material in 10 mL of ejaculate was estimated to be 47.5 ng. The estimated fingolimod and fingolimod‐phosphate blood Cmax values in a woman having regular sexual intercourse with a male patient treated with fingolimod 0.5 mg were approximately 400 and 2400 times smaller than the estimated values in the embryo‐fetal development study in rats at the no‐observed‐adverse‐event level. Consequently, the risk of harming a fetus in a pregnant woman is considered extremely unlikely.
Speeding up NMR by in Situ Photo‐Induced Reversible Acceleration of T1‐Relaxation (PIRAT)
Authors: Stadler Eduard , Dommaschk Marcel , Frühwirt Philipp , Herges Rainer , Gescheidt Georg 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIncreasing the signal‐to‐noise ratio is one of the major goals in the field of NMR spectroscopy. In this proof of concept, we accelerate relaxation during an NMR pulse sequence using photo‐generated paramagnetic states of an inert sensitizer. For the follow‐up acquisition period, the system is converted to a diamagnetic state. The reversibility of the photo‐induced switching allows extensive repetition required for multidimensional NMR. We thus eliminate the obstacle of line‐broadening by the presence of paramagnetic species. In this contribution, we show how cycling of synchronized light/pulse sequences leads to an enhanced efficiency in multidimensional NMR. Our approach utilizes a molecular spin switch reversibly altering between a paramagnetic and diamagnetic state.