bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Aliphatic Primary Alcohols with 1-Chlorobenzimidazole in Aqueous Acetic Acid Medium
Authors: Rukmangathan Muthusamy , Santhoshkumar Vetrivel , Ramkumar Balasubramanian 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The kinetics of oxidation of a few aliphatic primary alcohols with
1-chlorobenzimidazole (CBI) was studied in aqueous acetic acid
medium. The reactions were found to be first order each with respect
to the concentrations of CBI and alcohol. The added HClO4
increases the rate and the order in HClO4 was found to be
fractional. The reactions were catalyzed by NaCl and fractional
order dependence was observed. The ionic strength had negligible
influence on the rate. The reaction rates increase with decrease in
dielectric constant of acetic acid. Addition of benzimidazole, one of
the products does not affect the rate. Effect of temperature on the
reaction rates was studied at different temperatures and the various
activation and thermodynamic parameters were evaluated. The rate
constants show good correlation with Taft–Pavelich Dual substituent
parameter model (DSP). Product analysis shows the formation of
aldehydes as major products of oxidation of aliphatic primary
alcohols. CBIH+ has been postulated as the reactive
oxidizing species. A mechanism involving a proton transfer by water
molecule has been proposed.
Intel und Post Danmark II – Die Weichen für die zukünftige Bewertung von Rabatten nach Art. 102 AEUV sind so gut wie gestellt!
Authors: Bodenstein Ines 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
In welchen Fällen ist die Gewährung von Rabatten durch marktbeherrschende Unternehmen ein Missbrauch dieser Stellung? An dieser Frage scheiden sich die Geister. Sollen Rabatte anhand ihrer Form bewertet werden oder im Hinblick auf ihre Auswirkungen auf den Markt? Gibt es generelle Regeln („per se rule“) oder ist eine Abwägung in jedem Einzelfall („rule of reason“) erforderlich? Spielen alleine qualitative Kriterien eine Rolle oder müssen auch quantitative Kriterien (Preis-Kosten-Test) berücksichtigt werden? Im Jahre 2009 versuchte die Kommission, die bisherige Entscheidungspraxis zu durchbrechen und neue Wege bei der Bewertung von Rabatten einzuschlagen. Unmittelbares Ergebnis war eine große Unsicherheit, anhand welcher Maßstäbe Rabattsysteme zu beurteilen wären. Mit seinem Urteil in Sachen Tomra hat der Gerichtshof im Jahre 2012 wieder erste Pflöcke zur Bewertung von Rabatten eingeschlagen und weitere maßgebliche Pflöcke sind mit den Entscheidungen des Gerichts in Sachen „Intel“ vom 12. Juni 2014 und des Gerichtshofes in Sachen „Post Danmark II“ vom 6. Oktober 2015 gefolgt. Mit gewissen Klarstellungen bzw. Öffnungen bekräftigen die Gerichte die bisherige Linie der Rechtsprechung zur Bewertung von Rabatten. Die Weichen für die noch ausstehende Entscheidung des Gerichtshofes in Sachen „Intel“ und für die zukünftige Bewertung von Rabatten nach Art. 102 AEUV sind damit so gut wie gestellt.
LANGKAH STRATEGIS OPTIMALISASI SISTEM EKONOMI SYARIAH
Authors: Gustiawati Mukri Syarifah 
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Step Strategic Optimization of Islamic Economic System. The role of Islamic financial system in Indonesia has been shown to support the creation of higher economic development, and also support the establishment of a more stable financial system, to achieve the well-being of individuals and society. In order for the role to be significant, hence the need for a strategic steps in the effort to optimize the Islamic economic system. This is to accelerate the development of the Islamic financial system, both nationally and internationally. This article aims to review the philosophical system of Islamic banking. The systems and practices should be done in order to accelerate the pace of Islamic economic development in Indonesia. Keywords: Step Strategic, optimization, Islamic Economic System Abstrak: Langkah Strategis Optimalisasi Sistem Ekonomi Syariah. Peranan Sistem keuangan syariah di Indonesia telah dipercaya dapat mendukung terciptanya pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih tinggi, dan juga menyokong terwujudnya sistem keuangan yang lebih stabil, untuk mencapai kesejahteraan individu dan masyarakat. Agar peranan tersebut dapat dirasakan lebih signifikan, maka perlu adanya langkah strategis dalam upaya optimalisasi sistem ekonomi syariah dalam rangka mempercepat perkembangan sistem keuangan syariah, baik secara nasional maupun internasional. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sistem ekonomi syariah secara filosofis, sistem dan praktik yang harus dilakukan dalam rangka mempercepat langkah perkembangan ekonomi syariah di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Langkah Strategis, Optimalisasi, Sistem Ekonomi SyariahDOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1521
PERAN ADVOKAT DALAM PENEGAKAN HUKUM EKONOMI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Makmur Syafrudin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract: The Role of Advocates in Law Enforcement Economy in Indonesia. Law enforcement is the job of an advocate and it is the mission of the profession. An Advocates must have the integrity in carrying out their duties, strong characteristics, and of course the high intellectual quality. n addition, advocates should be courageous, because it is an important attribute, even more important than the skill or vision that he had. In terms of law enforcement in the Indonesian economy, advocates have a great share. Because the system is considered an important economic laws and ordinances related to the laws that govern the rules of justice and order in the association of living together. Keywords: The Role of Advocates, Law Enforcement, Economic Law Abstrak: Peran Advokat Dalam Penegakan Hukum Ekonomi di Indonesia. Penegakan hukum adalah pekerjaan advokat dan itu merupakan misi profesinya. Seorang Advokat dalam menjalankan tugasnya harus memiliki integritas, karakteristik yang kuat, dan tentunya kualitas intelektual yang tinggi. Selain, advokat harus memiliki keteguhan hati, sebab ia bagi seorang advokat merupakan atribut yang teramat sangat penting, bahkan lebih penting ketimbang kecakapan atau visi yang dilakoninya. Dalam hal penegakan hukum ekonomi di Indonesia, advokat memiliki andil yang besar. Karena tata hukum ekonomi dirasa penting dan memiliki keterkaitan dengan tata hukum yang mengatur kaidah-kaidah keadilan dan ketertiban dalam pergaulan hidup bersama. Kata Kunci: Peran Advokat, Penegakan Hukum, Hukum EkonomiDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1524
KONSEP DASAR INVESTASI REKSADANA
Authors: Masruroh Aini 
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Basic Concept of Mutual Fund Investing. The high demand of living and the inflation rate in Indonesia from year to year became the background the importance of investment activities. Saving is no longer able to be a solution in improving the financial capability of a person. Investing is an activity placement of the funds in investment instruments in hopes of obtaining the value added in the future. One of the attractive investment instrument is mutual funds. One can invest through mutual funds with very low capital, while also being able to diversify, have a small risk, but it has a competitive returns. Keywords: Investment, Mutual Fund Abstrak: Konsep Dasar Investasi Reksadana. Tingginya kebutuhan hidup dan tingkat inflasi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun menjadi latar belakang pentingnya melakukan kegiatan investasi, karena saving tidak lagi mampu menjadi solusi dalam meningkatkan kemampuan financial seseorang. Investasi merupakan suatu kegiatan/aktivitas penempatan sejumlah dana pada instrumen investasi dengan harapan akan memperoleh nilai tambah dimasa yang akan datang. Salah satu instrumen investasi yang menarik adalah reksadana. Melalui reksadana seseorang dapat berinvestasi dengan modal sangat rendah, sekaligus dapat melakukan diversifikasi, memiliki risiko kecil, namun memiliki imbal hasil yag kompetitif. Kata Kunci: Investasi, ReksadanaDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i1.1526
INSTRUCTIONAL DESIGN IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR LAW (A Project Based Learning Instruction in English II for Law Science Department)
Authors: Qosim Arsadani Ummi Kultsum And 
Published: December 2015

Abstrak: Desan Intruksional Dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Hukum. Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum telah mulai mempersiapkan siswa mampu dalam menghadapi karir mereka sebagai ilmuwan hukum tidak hanya di nasional tetapi juga internasional. Kurikulum terpadu telah menjadi pilihan sebagai sistem pendidikan. Salah satu bentuk kurikulum terpadu adalah untuk mengkorelasikan antara atau di antara mata pelajaran. Untuk memenuhi hal ini, fakultas mencoba untuk mengembangkan Program ESP sebagai program pikiran dalam proses pembelajaran. Desain pembelajaran merupakan salah satu pendekatan yang dapat menjadi metode pilihan untuk dosen bahasa Inggris dalam memberikan subjek. English II diajarkan di kedua semester. Kata kunci: ESP Program, desain instruksional, Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris Hukum, Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek (PBL). Abstract: Intructional Design In Teaching English For Law. Sharia and Law faculty has started to prepare its students able in facing their career as a law scientist not only in national but also international. Integrated curriculum has become a define choice as educational system aims for rigor and relevance. One of the forms of integrated curriculum is to correlate between or among subjects. To fulfill this, the faculty tries to develop ESP program as the mind program in learning process. Instructional design is one of the approaches that can be an option method for English lecturer in delivering the subject. English II is taught in the second of semester. This subject is being correlated under the notion of Project Based Learning (PBL).The design involves students totally to search, analyze, and conclude what they learn. This will make students doing what they learn, and then they will understand what they make. Keywords: ESP Program, Instructional design, Teaching English for Law, Project Based Learning (PBL)DOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1544
ANALISIS KEWAJIBAN ALIH TEKNOLOGI DALAM INVESTASI ASING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sustrila Endah 
Published: December 2015

Abstract: An Analysis on Technology Transfer in Foreign Investment in Indonesia. Investment in globalization era is actively done by developed countries. The considerations are related to the availability of resources, cheap labor and to get benefits from great expansion on the market. The availability of this investment gives benefit to the developing countries, because it helps the countries to improve their infrastructures, decrease jobless rate by providing job opportunities, and the main important is the technology transfer from experts working in Indonesia to national workers. Keywords: globalization, investment, technology transfer Abstrak: Analisis Kewajiban Alih Teknologi Dalam Investasi Asing di Indonesia. Investasi di era globalisasi ini semakin giat dilakukan oleh negara-negara maju. Pertimbangannya berkaitan dengan ketersediaan bahan baku, tenaga kerja yang murah serta dalam rangka ekspansi pasar. Keberadaan investasi ini memberikan manfaat bagi negara-negara berkembang, karena dengannya negara-negara tersebut dapat melakukan pembangunan infrastruktur, mengurangi angka pengangguran dengan menyerap tenaga kerja dalam jumlah besar, dan yang paling pokok di sini ialah adanya alih atau transfer teknologi dari tenaga expert yang bekerja di Indonesia kepada tenaga kerja nasional. Kata Kunci: globalisasi, investasi, alih atau transfer teknologiDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1545
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEMEGANG SAHAM MINORITAS PERUSAHAAN TERBUKA AKIBAT PUTUSAN PAILIT
Authors: Permatasari Pita 
Published: December 2015

Abstract: Law Protection for Minority Shareholders of Public Companies due to Bankruptcy Verdict. The lack of protection for minority shareholders of public companies due to bankruptcy verdict is an open secret. The principal of openness in Regulation No. X.K.5/Act of Chairman of Indonesian: Capital Market Supervisory Agency and Financial Institution (Bapepam-LK) No. Kep-46/PM/1998 becomes one of guarantee rights for legal protection for these shareholders. Basically, these kinds of shareholders do not have any rights in a company which hold a principal one share one vote. The rights for these shareholders are to lodge obligation on curator action and supervisory judge besides direct claim of their own. Keywords: minority shareholders, public company, bankruptcy Abstrak: Perlindungan Hukum Pemegang Saham Minoritas Perusahaan Terbuka Akibat Putusan Pailit. Minimnya proteksi terhadap pemegang saham minoritas dalam suatu perusahaan terbuka yang mengalami pailit. Prinsip keterbukaan dalam Peraturan Nomor X.K.5/Keputusan Ketua Bapepam-LK Nomor Kep-46/PM/1998 menjadi salah satu hak yang menjamin perlindungan hukum pemegang saham minoritas perusahaan terbuka akibat putusan pailit, karena pada dasarnya pemegang saham minoritas tidak memiliki hak yang banyak karena dalam perusahaan menganut prinsip one share one vote. Adapun hak-hak yang diperoleh pemegang saham minoritas perusahaan yang mengalami pailit adalah pengajuan keberatan atas tindakan kurator dan hakim pengawas, selain pengajuan gugatan langsung untuk dan atas nama dirinya sendiri. Kata Kunci: Pemegang Saham minoritas, Perusahaan Terbuka, PailitDOI:10.15408/sjsbs.v1i2.1547
Overall Postneonatal Mortality and Rates of SIDS
Authors: Goldstein Richard D. , Trachtenberg Felicia L. , Sens Mary Ann , Harty Brian J. , Kinney Hannah C. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND:Reductions in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) are commonly attributed to modifications in infant sleep environments. Approaches to diagnosis in sudden infant death, death scene investigations, the prevalence of intrinsic risk factors for SIDS, and the potential influence of treatment-related factors on infant vulnerability have also changed. Understanding all contributory factors may help reduce residual SIDS rates.METHODS:We analyzed US Mortality Multiple Causes Records for 1983 to 2012 to compare SIDS postneonatal mortality rates with a projection applying non-SIDS mortality changes, using those changes as a proxy measure for alterations in intrinsic risk. Composites of neglect-related, unknown, and circumstantial respiratory diagnoses were measured, as was a cumulative composite of unexplained infant death diagnoses. Cluster analysis with leading causes of postneonatal mortality and SIDS mortality rates for low birth weight infants were also examined.RESULTS:SIDS and non-SIDS postneonatal mortality rates were concordant over time. Important variance was seen 1994 to 1996, coinciding with Back-to-Sleep initiation. Other variance, eliminated in the cumulative composite, appeared related to differences in diagnostic practices. Changes in SIDS rates resembled changes in mortality from congenital malformations, respiratory distress of the newborn, and diseases of the circulatory system. SIDS rates for low birth weight infants followed broader postneonatal trends.CONCLUSIONS:SIDS mortality followed trends in overall postneonatal mortality, including effects of changes in the infant sleep environment and diagnostic classification. Preventing asphyxia risk in the sleep environment must be coupled with efforts to understand intrinsic biological pathways, some potentially associated with other categories of infant and perinatal mortality.
On a technique for deriving explicit transfer matrices of orthotropic layers
Authors: Vinh Pham Chi , Linh Nguyen Thi Khanh , Anh Vu Thi Ngoc 
Published: December 2015

This paper presents a technique by which the transfer matrix in explicit form of an orthotropic layer can be easily obtained. This transfer matrix is applicable for both the wave propagation problem and the reflection/transmission problem. The obtained transfer matrix is then employed to derive the explicit secular equation of Rayleigh waves propagating in an orthotropic half-space coated by an orthotropic layer of arbitrary thickness.
PEMIKIRAN TASAWUF AKHLÂQÎ K.H. ASYHARI MARZUQI DAN IMPLIKASINYA DALAM KEHIDUPAN MODERN
Authors: Habibah Aina Noor 
Published: December 2015

<p>This article explores the ideas of KH Asyhari Marzuqi’s tasawuf akhlaqi. For him, morality is categorized into two parts, namely the morality of God and morality to others. The morality of God include: <em>first</em>, repentance <em>tawbat </em><em>nasûhah</em> and <em>taqarrub</em>, while the way of repentance and prayer can <em>taqarrub</em> and recitation. <em>Second</em>, with thanksgiving favors. And <em>third</em>, multiply the reading of al-Qur’ân. While the character among humans includes, <em>first</em>, “al-amr bi al-ma‘rûf wa al-nahy ‘an al-munkar”. <em>Second</em>, the pilgrimage to the grave as a reminder of death. <em>Third</em>, convey the message. <em>Fourth</em>, as a kind thought khilafiyah solution. And <em>fifth</em>, an blessing in disguise that fear to Allah. One filter that is able to stem the current crisis is multidimensional with glorious akhlaq.</p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> tasawuf akhlâqî, salat, zikir, dan <em>al-amr bi al-ma‘rûf</em>.</p>
Synthesis of nanocomposite CaxZny(OH)2(x + y) as thermochemical storage material
Authors: Hu Jun , Sun Shiming , Yu Lijun , Zheng Maosheng 
Published: December 2015

Thermal energy storage has good application prospects. Thermochemical storage is one of the interesting methods for long-term storage as it can store energy at room temperature without any loss. This experiment investigates a method to synthesize expanded graphite-based CaxZny(OH)2(x + y) in ammonia (NH3)/ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) solution for solar energy storage. Scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction are used to characterize the properties of the material. The results show that calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and zinc hydroxide (Zn(OH)2) in the expanded graphite composite are disposed at the nanolevel. Specifically, the crystal size of composite material ranges from 29·9 to 47·3 nm. The structure of the expanded graphite that adsorbed the nanocomposite material of CaxZny(OH)2(x + y) is porous. Furthermore, the decomposition temperature of expanded graphite-based CaxZny(OH)2(x + y) was nearly 171·6°C, which will significantly and effectively improve the reaction rate of thermal decomposition.
VIEILLIR EN IMMIGRATION
Authors: Gans-Guinoune Anne-Marie 
Published: December 2015

La transculturalité se faufile dans le quotidien, les premières phases de la vie dans un
ailleurs choisi ou non sont marquées de la nécessité de l’intégrer. Un mariage subtil s’opère
alors entre la culture du pays d’origine et celle du pays d’accueil, et il faudra du temps, du
recul pour pouvoir en constater les effets. La vieillesse est ce moment du bilan qui permet
d’observer ce phénomène de transculturalité.
COMMENT MARCEL PROUST S’EST RÉCONCILIÉ AVEC CHARLES-AUGUSTIN SAINTE-BEUVE EN LISANT ALBERT THIBAUDET (SIMPLES REMARQUES D’HISTOIRE LITTÉRAIRE)
Authors: Schuerewegen Franc 
Published: December 2015

Dans les textes réunis dans Physiologie de la critique – il s’agit d’une série de conférences faites à Paris en 1922 et réunies en volume huit ans plus tard –, Albert Thibaudet ne nomme nulle part Marcel Proust. Je fais toutefois l’hypothèse selon laquelle c’est bien de Proust qu’il est question dans cet ouvrage : discrètement mais efficacement, Thibaudet cherche à rapprocher l’auteur de la Recherche du temps perdu de celui qu’on considère parfois comme son pire ennemi – mais sans doute est-ce une erreur de notre part –, à savoir Sainte-Beuve.
VOIR PROUST EN MONTAIGNE : Rorty et le « personnage » de l’ironiste
Authors: Ferré Vincent 
Published: December 2015

Dans Contingence, ironie et solidarité (1989), Rorty fait de Proust un parangon de l’ironiste dans le domaine romanesque, figeant des conceptions exprimées dans Du côté de chez Swann pour les ériger en théories « de Proust » censées établir la coupure entre le langage et la réalité et témoigner d’une absence de compassion pour autrui. Ces positions, discutées par Rancière, sont ici examinées dans leur argumentation – en particulier l’absence d’appui explicite sur le texte proustien, comme s’il appartenait au lecteur de « rentoiler les fragments » pour recomposer la figure d’écrivain construite par Rorty.
MR PROUST’S WAY : des lectures woolfiennes de la Recherche
Authors: Cheilan Sandra 
Published: December 2015

À partir de 1921, l’œuvre de Woolf est hantée par la présence de Proust. L’analyse des textes autobiographiques et critiques permet de cerner l’impact que la lecture de la Recherche eut sur la romancière au niveau personnel, créateur – Proust devient un inspirateur des grandes inventions woolfiennes – et dans le champ littéraire anglophone et proustophile des années 20, où Woolf va renouveler le visage de Proust en Angleterre. Rapport affectif, filiation littéraire, phénomènes intertextuels, telles sont les qualités de cette relation culturelle, qui noue définitivement Woolf au romancier français.
Marketing Of Craft To Retailers: Understanding Their Buying Process, Supplier Selection Criteria And Information Sources Used
Authors: Makhitha Khathutshelo Mercy 
Published: December 2015

The purpose of the study was to investigate the buying process, supplier selection criteria and information of craft retailers in South Africa (SA). The information collected about the buying process, supplier selection criteria and information sources used were to propose a marketing strategy for craft producers wanting to target retailers. Craft retailers play a dominant role in the craft industry value chain yet craft producers face difficulties selling to this market. Instead, they resort to selling directly to end consumers and not through craft retailers. An understanding of the retailer’s buying process, supplier selection criteria and information sources is a necessity for craft producers who want to sell their products successfully through the craft retailers. A survey was conducted among 233 craft retailers in SA. A convenience sampling method was adopted for the study. The findings revealed that craft retailers go through homogenous buying stages. Craft retailers go through a lengthy process when buying crafts. The most important supplier selection criteria are product quality, product is exciting and attractive, product styling and design and product distinctiveness/uniqueness. The information sources most often used are existing sales records, buyer’s experience and sales persons visiting with samples.
Using MOOCs at Learning Centers in Northern Sweden
Authors: Norberg Anders , Händel Åsa , Ödling Per 
Published: December 2015

<p>This paper describes the use of globally accessible Massive Open Online Courses, MOOCs, for addressing the needs of lifelong learners at community learning centers in Northern Sweden, by the forming “glonacal” or “blended” MOOCs. The Scandinavian “study circle” concept is used to facilitate the studying of MOOCs. Although the technical possibilities for Swedish universities to offer accessible education are constantly increasing, most Swedish universities do not, at present, prioritize courses for off-campus students. The available web courses in asynchronous formats are difficult to master for untraditional learners and leaves the learning centers with limited possibilities. Therefore, a Nordplus Horizontal project 2014-2016 with partners in three Nordic countries is developing models for the use of MOOCs in learning centers and organisations. A small pilot course case at the learning centre in Arvidsjaur and its outcomes is presented, including the interactions with Lund University which has an ongoing piloting project on use and examination of MOOCs. This concept development is discussed as a blended learning design and as a “glonacal” phenomenon with Marginson and Rhoades’ “glonacal agency heuristics” (2002) forming a background for an actor analysis. Future scenarios are outlined. </p>