bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A path analysis of patient dependence and caregiver burden in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Garre-Olmo J. , Vilalta-Franch J. , Calvó-Perxas L. , Turró-Garriga O. , Conde-Sala L. , López-Pousa S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackground:The concept of dependence has been proposed as an integrative measure to assess the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).This study aimed to investigate the association of patient's dependence level with the caregiver burden within a general theoretical model that includes other well-established determinants.Methods:Observational and cross-sectional multicenter study. The sample consisted of patients with AD recruited in outpatient consultation offices by a convenience sampling procedure stratified by dementia severity. Cognitive and functional status, behavioral disturbances, dependence level, medical comorbidities, and caregiver burden were assessed by using standardized instruments. A path analysis was used to test the hypothesized relationships between the caregiver burden and its determinants, including the level of dependence.Results:The sample consisted of 306 patients (33.3% mild, 35.9% moderate, 30.7% severe), the mean age was 78.5 years (SD = 7.8), and 66.2% were women. The model fit was acceptable and explained 29% of the caregiver burden variance. Primary stressors were the level of dependence and the distress related to behavioral disturbances. Caregiver's age, gender, and co-residence with the patient were the contextual factors related to caregiver burden. The job status of the caregiver was a significant secondary stressor, functional disability was indirectly associated with caregiver burden via dependence, and frequency of behavioral disturbances was indirectly associated with the caregiver burden via distress.Conclusions:Dependence was, apart from behavioral disturbances, the most important primary stressor directly related to caregiver burden irrespective of the disease severity.
Searching for color variation on fast rotating asteroids with simultaneousV-Jobservations
Authors: Polishook David , Moskovitz Nicholas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBoulders, rocks and regolith on fast rotating asteroids (<2.5 hours) are modeled to slide towards the equator due to a strong centrifugal force and a low cohesion force. As a result, regions of fresh subsurface material can be exposed. Therefore, we searched for color variation on small and fast rotating asteroids. We describe a novel technique in which the asteroid is simultaneously observed in the visible and near-IR wavelength range. In this technique, brightness changes due to atmospheric extinction effects can be calibrated across the visible and near-IR images. We useV- andJ-band filters since the distinction in color between weathered and unweathered surfaces on ordinary chondrite-like bodies is most prominent at these wavelengths and can reach ~25%. To test our method, we observed 3 asteroids with Cerro Tololo's 1.3 m telescope. We find ~5% variation of the meanV-Jcolor, but do not find any clearly repeating color signature through multiple rotations. This suggests that no landslides occurred within the timescale of space weathering, or that Landslides occurred but the exposed patches are too small for the measurements' uncertainty.
From Asteroids to Space Debris
Authors: Benkhaldoun Zouhair , Moon Hong-Kyu , Daassou Ahmed , Park Jang-Hyun , Lazrek Mohamed 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSince 2011, Oukaimeden Observatory (OUCA) has become one of the active NEO search facilities in the word. Its discovery statistics shows that the MOSS (Morocco Oukaimeden Sky Survey) project received credits for more than 2,145 new designations, including 3 NEOs and 4 comets. Its excellent astro-climactic characteristics are partly behind the success. The average number of observable nights is around 280 nights per year, while median seeing is 0.8-0.9 arcsec. We completed construction of a new telescope at the site in March 2015. It is Optical Wide-field Patrol (OWL) facility designed and built by Korea Space Science Institute (KASI). The primary objective of this facility is to monitor national space assets of Korea; either wide-field imaging- or fast data acquisition- capabilities enable the 0.5m telescope to conduct observation programs to catalog and follow-up various transient events in the night sky. We present the seeing condition, the OWL system and preliminary results obtained at OWL@Oukaimeden during the past several months.
DEEP-South: Preliminary Photometric Results from the KMTNet-CTIO
Authors: Kim Myung-Jin , Moon Hong-Kyu , Choi Young-Jun , Yim Hong-Suh , Bae Young-Ho , Roh Dong-Goo , Park Jin Tae , Moon Bora ,   the DEEP-South Team
Published: March 2016

AbstractKorea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) successfully completed the development of Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet, Park et al. 2012) in mid-2015, following which it conducted test runs for several months. ‘DEep Ecliptic Patrol of the Southern sky’ (DEEP-South, Moon et al. 2015), which will be used for asteroid and comet studies, will not only characterize targeted asteroids, carrying out blind surveys toward the sweet spots, but will also mine the data of such bodies using the KMTNet archive. We report preliminary lightcurves of four Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) from test runs at KMTNet-CTIO in the February - May 2015 period.
Masses of asteroids and total mass of the main asteroid belt
Authors: Pitjeva E. V. , Pitjev N. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn estimation of the mass of the main asteroid belt was made on the basis of the new version of EPM2014 ephemerides of the Institute of Applied Astronomy of Russian Academy of Sciences using about 800000 positional observations of planets and spacecraft. We obtained the individual estimations of masses of large asteroids from radar data, as well as estimates of the masses of asteroids by using known diameters and estimated average densities for the three taxonomic types (C, S, M), and used the known mass values of binary asteroids and asteroids to which spacecraft approached. A two-dimensional homogeneous annulus with dimensions corresponding observed width of the main asteroid belt (2.06 au and 3.27 au) was used instead of a previous massive one-dimensional ring for modeling total perturbations from small asteroids. The obtained value of the total mass of the main asteroid belt is (12.25 ± 0.19)10−10M⊙.
DEEP-South: Network Construction, Test Runs and Early Results
Authors: Moon Hong-Kyu , Kim Myung-Jin , Yim Hong-Suh , Choi Young-Jun , Bae Young-Ho , Roh Dong-Goo , Park Jintae , Moon Bora ,   the DEEP-South Team
Published: March 2016

AbstractKorea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) which consists of three identical 1.6 m wide-field telescopes with 18k × 18k CCDs, is the first optical survey system of its kind. The combination of fast optics and the mosaic CCD delivers seeing limited images over a 4 square degrees field of view. The main science goal of KMTNet is the discovery and characterization of exoplanets, yet it also offers various other science applications including DEep Ecliptic Patrol of SOUTHern sky (DEEP-South). The aim of DEEP-South is to discover and characterize asteroids and comets, including Near Earth Objects (NEOs). We started test runs last February after commissioning, and will return to normal operations in October 2015. A summary of early results from the test runs will be presented.
WISE data and sparse photometry used for shape reconstruction of asteroids
Authors: Ďurech Josef , Hanuš Josef , Alí-Lagoa Victor M. , Delbo Marco , Oszkiewicz Dagmara A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAsteroid disk-integrated sparse-in-time photometry can be used for determination of shapes and spin states of asteroids by the lightcurve inversion method. To clearly distinguish the correct solution of the rotation period from other minima in the parameter space, data with good photometric accuracy are needed. We show that if the low-quality sparse photometry obtained from ground-based astrometric surveys is combined with data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) satellite, the correct rotation period can be successfully derived. Although WISE observed in mid-IR wavelengths, we show that for the period and spin determination, these data can be modelled as reflected light. The absolute fluxes are not required since only relative variation of the flux over the rotation is sufficient to determine the period. We also discuss the potential of combining all WISE data with the Lowell photometric database to create physical models of thousands of asteroids.
Main-belt comets: sublimation-driven activity in the asteroid belt
Authors: Hsieh Henry H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOur knowledge of main-belt comets (MBCs), which exhibit comet-like activity likely due to the sublimation of volatile ices, yet orbit in the main asteroid belt, has increased greatly since the discovery of the first known MBC, 133P/Elst-Pizarro, in 1996, and their recognition as a new class of solar system objects after the discovery of two more MBCs in 2005. I review work that has been done over the last 10 years to improve our understanding of these enigmatic objects, including the development of systematic discovery methods and diagnostics for distinguishing MBCs from disrupted asteroids (which exhibit comet-like activity due to physical disruptions such as impacts or rotational destabilization). I also discuss efforts to understand the dynamical and thermal properties of these objects.
Asteroid Evolution: Role of Geotechnical Properties
Authors: Sánchez Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a brief review and latest results of the work that has been carried out by the Planetary Science community in order to understand the role of the geotechnical properties of granular asteroids (commonly known as “rubble-pile” asteroids) in their formation, evolution and possible disruption. As such, we will touch in aspects of the theoretical and numerical tools that have been used with this objective and how the obtained results compare to the observed asteroids.
Recent Goldstone radar observations of selected near-Earth asteroids less than 140 m in diameter
Authors: Brozović Marina , Benner Lance A. M. , Busch Michael W. , Giorgini Jon D. , Slade Martin A. , Lawrence Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRadar observations are a powerful technique to study near-Earth asteroids (NEAs). Goldstone's 3.75 m resolution capability is invaluable when attempting to image NEAs with diameters smaller than 140 m. The small NEAs are a very diverse population in which we continue to discover unusual objects.
Spin-orbit coupling in binary asteroids
Authors: Margot Jean-Luc , Naidu Shantanu P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe use radar images with decameter resolution to measure the sizes, shapes, spin states, mutual orbits, masses, and densities of components of asteroid binaries and triples. We simulate the spin-orbit dynamics of these systems and map the possible spin configurations of the satellites on surface of section plots. The presence of chaotic regions in the phase space has important consequences for the evolution of binary asteroids. It may substantially increase spin synchronization timescales, delay BYORP-type evolution, and extend the lifetime of binaries.
Instrumentally documented meteorite falls: two recent cases and statistics from all falls
Authors: Spurný Pavel 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPrecise data from instrumental observations of fireballs, especially those for really bright bolides, provide information about the population and physical properties of meteoroids, i.e. fragments of asteroids and comets, colliding with the Earth's atmosphere. An overview of what is known about meteoroids and their parent bodies from analysis of bolides producing meteorite falls, especially from the instrumentally observed meteorite falls, was a topic of this invited contribution. At present, atmospheric and orbital information with different degree of reliability and precision for these meteorite falls is known for only 24 cases. This topic was described in detail in the review work of Borovička, Spurný and Brown (2015) (Borovička et al., 2015). However, this work contains all instrumentally documented falls until end of 2013. To bring this work up to date, two new instrumentally observed meteorite falls in 2014, the Annama meteorite fall in Russia on 18 April 2014 and the Žďár nad Sázavou meteorite fall in the Czech Republic on 9 December 2014, are presented and commented in this paper. Especially the second case is mentioned in more detail including still unpublished data. Statistical analyses resulting from all 24 instrumentally documented falls are also mentioned.
Linking the Origin of Asteroids to Planetesimal Formation in the Solar Nebula
Authors: Klahr Hubert , Schreiber Andreas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe asteroids (more precisely: objects of the main asteroid belt) and Kuiper Belt objects (more precisely: objects of the cold classical Kuiper Belt) are leftovers of the building material for our earth and all other planets in our solar system from more than 4.5 billion years ago. At the time of their formation those were typically 100 km large objects. They were called planetesimals, built up from icy and dusty grains. In our current paradigm of planet formation it was turbulent flows and metastable flow patterns, like zonal flows and vortices, that concentrated mm to cm sized icy dust grains in sufficient numbers that a streaming instability followed by a gravitational collapse of these particle clump was triggered. The entire picture is sometimes referred to as gravoturbulent formation of planetesimals. What was missing until recently, was a physically motivated prediction on the typical sizes at which planetesimals should form via this process. Our numerical simulations in the past had only shown a correlation between numerical resolution and planetesimal size and thus no answer was possible (Johansen et al.2011). But with the lastest series of simulations on JUQUEEN (Stephan & Doctor 2015), covering all the length scales down to the physical size of actual planetesimals, we were able to obtain values for the turbulent particle diffusion as a function of the particle load in the gas. Thus, we have all necessary data at hand to feed a 'back of the envelope' calculation that predicts the size of planetesimals as result of a competition between gravitational concentration and turbulent diffusion. Using the diffusion values obtained in the numerical simulations it predicts planetesimal sizes on the order of 100 km, which suprisingly coincides with the measured data from both asteroids (Bottke et al.2005) as well from Kuiper Belt objects (Nesvorny et al.2011).
Characterization of genetically engineered mouse models carrying Col2a1-cre-induced deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6
Authors: Schumacher Cassie A , Joiner Danese M , Less Kennen D , Drewry Melissa Oosterhouse , Williams Bart O 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMice carrying Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6 were created and characterized. Mice lacking either gene alone were viable and fertile with normal knee morphology. Mice in which both Lrp5 and Lrp6 were conditionally ablated via Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletion displayed severe defects in skeletal development during embryogenesis. In addition, adult mice carrying Collagen2a1-cre-mediated deletions of Lrp5 and/or Lrp6 displayed low bone mass suggesting that the Collagen2a1-cre transgene was active in cells that subsequently differentiated into osteoblasts. In both embryonic skeletal development and establishment of adult bone mass, Lrp5 and Lrp6 carry out redundant functions.
Chronic stress in mice remodels lymph vasculature to promote tumour cell dissemination
Authors: Le Caroline P. , Nowell Cameron J. , Kim-Fuchs Corina , Botteri Edoardo , Hiller Jonathan G. , Ismail Hilmy , Pimentel Matthew A. , Chai Ming G. , Karnezis Tara , Rotmensz Nicole , Renne Giuseppe , Gandini Sara , Pouton Colin W. , Ferrari Davide , Möller Andreas , Stacker Steven A. , Sloan Erica K. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChronic stress induces signalling from the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and drives cancer progression, although the pathways of tumour cell dissemination are unclear. Here we show that chronic stress restructures lymphatic networks within and around tumours to provide pathways for tumour cell escape. We show that VEGFC derived from tumour cells is required for stress to induce lymphatic remodelling and that this depends on COX2 inflammatory signalling from macrophages. Pharmacological inhibition of SNS signalling blocks the effect of chronic stress on lymphatic remodelling in vivo and reduces lymphatic metastasis in preclinical cancer models and in patients with breast cancer. These findings reveal unanticipated communication between stress-induced neural signalling and inflammation, which regulates tumour lymphatic architecture and lymphogenous tumour cell dissemination. These findings suggest that limiting the effects of SNS signalling to prevent tumour cell dissemination through lymphatic routes may provide a strategy to improve cancer outcomes.
Typical fast thermalization processes in closed many-body systems
Authors: Reimann Peter 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe lack of knowledge about the detailed many-particle motion on the microscopic scale is a key issue in any theoretical description of a macroscopic experiment. For systems at or close to thermal equilibrium, statistical mechanics provides a very successful general framework to cope with this problem. However, far from equilibrium, only very few quantitative and comparably universal results are known. Here a quantum mechanical prediction of this type is derived and verified against various experimental and numerical data from the literature. It quantitatively describes the entire temporal relaxation towards thermal equilibrium for a large class (in a mathematically precisely defined sense) of closed many-body systems, whose initial state may be arbitrarily far from equilibrium.
MT1-MMP sheds LYVE-1 on lymphatic endothelial cells and suppresses VEGF-C production to inhibit lymphangiogenesis
Authors: Wong Hoi Leong Xavier , Jin Guoxiang , Cao Renhai , Zhang Shuo , Cao Yihai , Zhou Zhongjun 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLymphangiogensis is involved in various pathological conditions, such as arthritis and cancer metastasis. Although many factors have been identified to stimulate lymphatic vessel growth, little is known about lymphangiogenesis inhibitors. Here we report that membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) is an endogenous suppressor of lymphatic vessel growth. MT1-MMP-deficient mice exhibit spontaneous corneal lymphangiogenesis without concomitant changes in angiogenesis. Mice lacking MT1-MMP in either lymphatic endothelial cells or macrophages recapitulate corneal lymphangiogenic phenotypes observed in Mmp14−/− mice, suggesting that the spontaneous lymphangiogenesis is both lymphatic endothelial cells autonomous and macrophage associated. Mechanistically, MT1-MMP directly cleaves LYVE-1 on lymphatic endothelial cells to inhibit LYVE-1-mediated lymphangiogenic responses. In addition, MT1-MMP-mediated PI3Kδ signalling restrains the production of VEGF-C from prolymphangiogenic macrophages through repressing the activation of NF-κB signalling. Thus, we identify MT1-MMP as an endogenous inhibitor of physiological lymphangiogenesis.
Enhanced flight performance by genetic manipulation of wing shape in Drosophila
Authors: Ray Robert P. , Nakata Toshiyuki , Henningsson Per , Bomphrey Richard J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInsect wing shapes are remarkably diverse and the combination of shape and kinematics determines both aerial capabilities and power requirements. However, the contribution of any specific morphological feature to performance is not known. Using targeted RNA interference to modify wing shape far beyond the natural variation found within the population of a single species, we show a direct effect on flight performance that can be explained by physical modelling of the novel wing geometry. Our data show that altering the expression of a single gene can significantly enhance aerial agility and that theDrosophilawing shape is not, therefore, optimized for certain flight performance characteristics that are known to be important. Our technique points in a new direction for experiments on the evolution of performance specialities in animals.
Social amoebae trap and kill bacteria by casting DNA nets
Authors: Zhang Xuezhi , Zhuchenko Olga , Kuspa Adam , Soldati Thierry 
Published: March 2016

AbstractExtracellular traps (ETs) from neutrophils are reticulated nets of DNA decorated with anti-microbial granules, and are capable of trapping and killing extracellular pathogens. Various phagocytes of mammals and invertebrates produce ETs, however, the evolutionary history of this DNA-based host defence strategy is unclear. Here we report that Sentinel (S) cells of the multicellular slug stage of the social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum produce ETs upon stimulation with bacteria or lipopolysaccharide in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. The production of ETs by S cells requires a Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing protein TirA and reactive oxygen species-generating NADPH oxidases. Disruption of these genes results in decreased clearance of bacterial infections. Our results demonstrate that D. discoideum is a powerful model organism to study the evolution and conservation of mechanisms of cell-intrinsic immunity, and suggest that the origin of DNA-based ETs as an innate immune defence predates the emergence of metazoans.
Blended sea level anomaly fields with enhanced coastal coverage along the U.S. West Coast
Authors: Risien C.M. , Strub P.T. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe form a new ‘blended’ data set of sea level anomaly (SLA) fields by combining gridded daily fields derived from altimeter data with coastal tide gauge data. Within approximately 55–70 km of the coast, the altimeter data are discarded and replaced by a linear interpolation between the tide gauge and remaining offshore altimeter data. To create a common reference height for altimeter and tide gauge data, a 20-year mean is subtracted from each time series (from each tide gauge and altimeter grid point) before combining the data sets to form a blended mean sea level anomaly (SLA) data set. Daily mean fields are produced for the 22-year period 1 January 1993–31 December 2014. The primary validation compares geostrophic velocities calculated from the height fields and velocities measured at four moorings covering the north-south range of the new data set. The blended data set improves the alongshore (meridional) component of the currents, indicating an improvement in the cross-shelf gradient of the mean SLA data set.