bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Working Together to Prevent Worker Exposures during Gauging and Sampling Activities
Authors: Retzer Kyla , Snawder John , Faist Allyson , Anson Stephen , Markovich Erin , Hyman Chad , Burket William 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Background: Workers responsible for manually gauging or collecting fluid samples from oilfield production tanks can be exposed to lethal doses of hydrocarbon gases and vapors as well as oxygen deficient environments. Nine worker deaths related to gauging and sampling were identified during 2010–2014 (Harrison et al., 2016) and, since 2015, a campaign to increase awareness of this hazard has reached thousands of workers and companies. Despite this, many oilfield companies continue to require workers to open tank hatches to gauge tanks and collect fluid samples. Continuing this practice could be due to the perceived costs or measurement inaccuracies of implementing alternative methods, regulatory barriers, or because it has historically been conducted in this manner. In response, the American Petroleum Institute released a new safety standard (API MPMS 18.2) describing alternative methods for measuring crude oil without opening tank hatches, and some companies have proactively implemented safer technologies and practices to eliminate the hazard. Methods: This paper will cover five case studies featuring companies that have examined their workers’ exposures and implemented safer methods for gauging and sampling. Unanticipated benefits as well as challenges are also covered. Conclusions: The types of approaches featured in these case studies have the potential to nearly eliminate manual tank gauging and sampling in their operations. These companies demonstrate that using alternative methods is not only safer, but a wise investment for a company’s bottom line. Novel Information: This paper contains the first report of how companies successfully implemented alternative methods to reduce hydrocarbon gas and vapor exposures associated with opening tank hatches, and how they addressed cost and regulatory barriers.
The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Understanding Oil and Gas Extraction Worker Fatalities through the Fatalities in Oil and Gas Extraction Database
Authors: Rid Sophia , Retzer Kyla 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
The U.S. oil and gas extraction (OGE) industry fatality rate (25.0 deaths per 100,000 workers) remains well above the rate for all U.S. workers (3.7 per 100,000 workers), and in 2014, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) recorded an all-time high of 144 OGE worker deaths (BLS, 2015; Mason et al. 2015). OGE is a complicated, diverse, dynamic, and specialized industry that presents unique challenges to understanding trends in fatal events. In 2014, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Oil and Gas Extraction Sector Program developed a database, Fatalities in Oil and Gas Extraction (FOG), to address these challenges by collecting detailed industry specific information about OGE worker fatalities.
FOG includes all identified U.S. worker fatalities related to OGE, irrespective of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code of the employer. Incidents occurring during non-traditional commutes and cardiac events that begin at work are also included. FOG relies on several data sources for incident identification and information, including government agencies, media, and professional contacts.
Nine publications using FOG data were reviewed to assess the capabilities of this new database in providing information about OGE worker fatalities. The evaluation found that FOG enhances the understanding of fatal events through its broad inclusion criteria and specificity in the type of information it collects. With these features, FOG unravels the complexities OGE worker fatalities, and has been used to identify emerging issues, provide new information on worker groups not typically included in OGE fatality data, and to help better understand the risk factors leading to OGE fatalities. Its success shows FOG is powerful tool that can be used for targeted, data driven interventions.
Sustainability of Supply Chains and Human rights
Authors: Dionisio Mariana , Sanchez Isolina 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Respecting Human rights through Global Supply Chains has become a staple for international guidelines and standards in recent years. The main objective of this paper is to present the challenges that arise from Supply Chain management, particularly when it comes to capacity building of local content suppliers and respect of human rights and possible solutions that will help businesses to manage human rights risks within the supply chain proactively.
This paper performs an industry desktop benchmark exercise using as reference, available sources and industry reports, to understand how a selection of Oil and Gas (O&G) operators are dealing with human rights within their Supply Chain. It presents challenges and possible solutions that will help businesses to manage human rights risks within the supply chain proactively, specifically through a capacity building program.
Keefektifan PAUD inklusi pada kesiapan anak memasuki sekolah dasar
Authors: Dhamayanti Yuni , Suparno Suparno 
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keefektifan PAUD penyelenggara pendidikan inklusif pada tingkat kesiapan anak dalam memasuki Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dan dilakukan di Labschool Rumah Citta yang merupa-kan PAUD penyelenggara pendidikan inklusif. Hasil penelitian adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Labschool Rumah Citta adalah PAUD dengan model pendidikan inklusif yang memfasilitasi anak-anak dari berbagai latar belakang sosial, budaya, ekonomi, agama, ras, dan kemampuan, termasuk anak berkebutuhan khusus. (2) Kurikulum Labschool Rumah Citta merupakan kuri-kulum yang disusun secara mandiri berdasarkan tahapan perkembangan anak, mengacu pada aspek-aspek perkembangan anak, serta memiliki beberapa kekhasan: inklusif, berpusat pada anak, mengembangkan kecerdasan jamak, pendidikan nilai, ramah lingkungan hidup, meng-hormati kearifan lokal, mandiri, dan keadilan gender. (3) Labschool Rumah Citta mengguna-kan pendekatan pembelajaran yang berorientasi dan berpusat pada anak/siswa (student-centered approach), serta menerapkan metoda pembelajaran yang mendorong kesiapan anak untuk memasuki SD, yang meliputi: main peran, praktek langsung, diskusi, kerja sama, peme-cahan masalah, ataupun kunjungan. (4) Kurikulum inklusi, yang ramah terhadap semua anak dan metode pembelajaran yang berpusat pada anak, efektif untuk mendorong kesiapan anak dalam memasuki SD.Kata kunci: PAUD inklusif, kesiapan sekolah anak The Effectiveness of Inclusive Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) on School Readiness of Child to Enter Primary School AbstractThis research aims to reveal the effectiveness of the inclusive ECCD on the level of child readiness to enter primary school. This research was conducted qualitive approach. The object was Labschool Rumah Citta, the ECCD that implemented inclusive learning. The results of the study are as follows. (1) Labschool Rumah Citta is and ECCD applying the inclusive education model, and ready to facilitate children from different social backgrounds, cultures, economy, religions, races, and capabilities, including the children with special needs. (2) The curriculum of Labschool Rumah Citta is compiled independently based on child development aspect, and has several peculiarities: inclusive, centered on children, developing multiple intelligence, values education, eco-friendly living, respect of local wisdom, independence, and gender. (3) Labschool Rumah Citta uses the student-centered approach and applies the methods of learning which encourage child's readiness to enter primary school, including: role play, direct practice, discussions, teamwork, problem solving, and visits. (4) The inclusive curriculum, which is child friendy and the learning methods that are suitable, with the characteristics of early childhood, is effective in encouraging children to enter primary school.Keywords: inclusive early childhood care and development care, school readiness of child
Editorial
Authors: Giraldo Díaz Reinaldo , Nieto Gómez Libia Esperanza 
Published: March 2017

<p>Inaugurado oficialmente el 5 de diciembre de 2014 con celebraciones en New York,<br />Santiago de Chile y Bangkok, 2015 ha sido declarado como el Año Internacional de<br />los Suelos: “suelos sanos para una vida sana”. En esta editorial de RIAA resaltamos<br />la importancia de los suelos como fundamento de la agricultura familiar, como pilar en la prevención y/o mitigación del cambio climático y como multiplicidad viva.</p>
Importancia de las energías renovables en la seguridad energética y su relación con el crecimiento económico.
Authors: Umbarila Valencia Lilian Paola , Alfonso Moreno Freddy Leonard , Rivera Rodríguez Julio César 
Published: March 2017

<p>La creciente demanda de las necesidades sociales a nivel global, impulsada por los hábitos de vida y la forma en la que se organizan las regiones ha llevado al crecimiento paralelo de la industria y con ello al creciente aumento del consumo de energía. Este artículo de investigación reflexiona acerca de la relevancia que tienen las energías renovables para la seguridad energética, teniendo en cuenta la inestabilidad de los precios del petróleo y su influencia en el mercado de los hidrocarburos como fuente primaria de energía. Se evidencian los avances que han tenido las tecnologías de energías renovables a nivel global, regional y local y el rol que juegan en la independencia energética y en la mitigación del impacto ambiental. Se concluye que las naciones deben buscar la optimización de las energías renovables desde los ámbitos: local, regional y global propendiendo por su uso adecuado desde la legislación. El futuro de las energías renovables está dado por la rentabilidad, ya que para que el uso de éstas siga creciendo, deben seguir atrayendo capital lo cual significa que los inversores deben ver una rentabilidad competitiva. Otra recomendación importante es la integración de la energía renovable en la red, incluyendo fuentes de generación intermitentes e incluso imprevisibles.</p><p> </p>
Producción de café (Coffea arabica L.) en función de las propiedades del suelo, en dos localidades de Quindío, Colombia
Authors: Lince Salazar Luz Adriana , Sadeghian Khalajabadi Siavosh 
Published: March 2017

<p>La producción agrícola es afectada por los componentes suelo, clima y manejo del sistema, los cuales al interactuar originan más de 50 factores que influyen de diferente forma en el cultivo. Con el objetivo de identificar las propiedades del suelo que determinan en mayor grado la producción de café, se realizó una investigación en dos localidades del departamento del Quindío, Colombia, entre los años 2011 y 2012, en lotes de café de 1,0 ha, plantados con variedad Castillo<sup>®</sup> de tres años de edad y fertilizados según los análisis de suelos. Se tomaron muestras de suelo cada 10 m en forma de retícula, a una profundidad de 0 a 20 cm y se analizaron 31 propiedades físicas y químicas. Cada muestra estaba conformada por cuatro muestras simples, tomadas en el plato de los árboles colindantes, a los que se les registró la producción de café cereza durante 21 meses. En general, la producción fue explicada entre 17,89% y 41,16%, por pocas propiedades, entre ellas porosidad, textura, profundidad del horizonte A, y contenidos de materia orgánica, S, B y Mn. </p>
Componentes trofodinámicos de la alimentación de corvina (Cynoscion phoxocephalus) en el Pacífico colombiano
Authors: Rosero Alpala Olga Lucía , Gómez Cerón Giovany Orlando , Moran Roger Stiven 
Published: March 2017

<p>Se realizó esta investigación con la especie <em>Cynoscion phoxocephalus</em> la cual es abundante en el Pacífico colombiano. Aunque se han hecho estudios de identificación y algunos censos poblacionales referentes a las capturas artesanal e industrial, no existen reportes sobre los hábitos alimenticios, factor indispensable en la determinación de los requerimientos nutricionales de la especie y su proceso de cría en cautiverio. Se planteó como objetivo identificar hábitos alimenticios específicos mediante un análisis trofodinámico de la alimentación de la corvina o pelada blanca. El estudio se adelantó en el corregimiento de Punta Soldado, Buenaventura, Colombia, con capturas o muestreos durante un periodo de dos años; se hizo un seguimiento mensual en las diferentes capturas con una muestra de 890 especies en estudio. Se estableció porcentaje (%) de estómagos vacíos (EV), encontrándose mayoría de estómagos vacíos (81%), probablemente por una alta tasa de digestión reflejada en la escasez de alimento en el medio lo cual se visualiza en un porcentaje alto del coeficiente de vacuidad. En el análisis cuantitativo del espectro trófico, a través de los métodos cuantitativos como el método numérico (N%:100 que corresponde a peces y el resto al camarón el 12%), método gravimétrico (G% 78 corresponde a peces y 22% al camarón) y método de frecuencia de aparición (FA% 41 que corresponde peces y el resto de muestras 12,4% a camarón). Aportes proximales en la nutrición de <em>C. Phoxocephalus</em> confirman su hábito carnívoro con un requerimiento de 51 % de proteína.</p>
Evaluación del efecto de tratamientos de desinfección con hipoclorito de sodio sobre segmentos nodales de Guadua angustifolia Kunth para el establecimiento del cultivo in vitro
Authors: Ramírez Correa Lorena Alexandra , Granados Moreno Jairo Enrique , Carreño González Nidia Elizabeth 
Published: March 2017

<p align="left"><strong> </strong>El establecimiento del cultivo <em>in vitro </em>de segmentos nodales de <em>Guadua angustifolia </em>presenta como principal inconveniente la contaminación por microorganismos, causando pérdidas biológicas y económicas. Esta investigación fue desarrollada en el Centro Nacional para el Estudio del Bambú-Guadua, en Córdoba, Quindío y financiada por la Corporación Autónoma Regional del Quindío (C.R.Q). Se evaluaron seis tratamientos para la desinfección de los explantes de guadua con hipoclorito de sodio (NaClO) en concentraciones del 2% y 3%, cada uno en tiempos de aplicación de 5, 10 y 15 minutos, posteriormente los explantes fueron sembrados en el medio de cultivo Murashige y Skoog, suplementado con 6-BAP a razón de 3mg L-1. También se valoró el porcentaje de brotación. El mejor resultado de desinfección y de brotación se obtuvo con el NaClO al 2% durante 15 minutos.</p>
Potensi Tinggalan Arkeologis di Kawasan Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi Manado: Upaya Pelestarian, Pemanfaatan, dan Pengembangan bagi Masyarakat
Authors: Marzuki Irfanuddin W. 
Published: March 2017

The area of Sam Ratulangi airport’s Manado has archaeological heritage which has been know as it is closed for public. This research used descriptive method, using inductive reasoning. Meanwhile, the analysis method used morphologyl, technology, and contextual analysis. This research aimed to find out the potential of archaeological heritage in Sam Ratulangi airport area of Manado. In addition to its strategy of preservation the haritage included veilbox, bungker, and waruga. The preservation can be conducted by doing protection, development, and utilization. The preservation both physical and non physical protection. The effort for its development and utilization was conducted for the purpose of science, education, culture, and tourism.Kawasan Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi Manado mempunyai potensi tinggalan arkeologis yang selama ini tidak diketahui masyarakat luas, dikarenakan letak tinggalan yang berada dalam kawasan tertutup untuk umum. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan penalaran induktif. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis morfologi, teknologi dan kontekstual. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui potensi tinggalan arkeologis yang terdapat di kawasan Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi dan strategi pelestariannya. Tinggalan arkeologis yang terdapat di kawasan Bandar Udara Sam Ratulangi meliputi veilbox, bungker, dan waruga. Upaya pelestarian dapat dilakukan dengan cara perlindungan, pengembangan dan pemanfaatan. Upaya perlindungan meliputi perlindungan secara fisik dan non fisik. Upaya pengembangan dan pemanfaatan dilakukan untuk kepentingan ilmu pengetahuan, pendidikan, kebudayaan dan pariwisata.
Arkeologi Sejarah Islam di Pesisir Selatan Pulau Seram Maluku Tengah
Authors: Handoko Wuri 
Published: March 2017

The history of Islamization in the region Seram Island Maluku until recently only records the Kingdom Hoamoal as the center of Islamization in the region. However, the formation of customary lands inhabited by the Muslim community is appealing to uncover where Islam originated and how it goes. This research is focused to see Islamization networks formed on indigenous lands in the southern coastal areas of the island of Seram by conducting the archaeological research that adopted survey method and oral history interviews to discover traces of the presence of Islam. This study found that Islamization in the southern coastal areas of the island of Seram, arised from the central region of Islam in the Maluku Islands; with another possibility that have been introduced from Java and the homeland of Islam, Arab and Persia. The study also found the formation process of political networks in the spread of Islam to get to the southern coastal areas of the island of Seram.Dalam sejarah Islamisasi di wilayah Pulau Seram Maluku sejauh ini, hanya menyebut Kerajaan Hoamoal sebagai pusat Islamisasi di wilayah tersebut. Meski demikian, terbentuknya negeri-negeri adat yang dihuni komunitas muslim, menarik untuk diungkap dari mana Islam berasal dan bagaimana perkembangannya. Penelitian ini difokuskan untuk melihat jaringan Islamisasi yang terbentuk pada negeri-negeri adat di wilayah pesisir selatan Pulau Seram. Melalui penelitian arkeologi, dengan metode survei serta wawancara untuk menelusuri sejarah lisan jejak kehadiran Islam. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa Islamisasi di wilayah pesisir selatan Pulau Seram, berasal dari wilayah pusat kekuasaan Islam di Kepulauan Maluku, juga kemungkinan dari Jawa dan tanah asal Islam dari Arab dan Persia. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bagaimana terbentuknya jaringan politik dalam proses penyebaran Islam hingga sampai ke wilayah pesisir selatan Pulau Seram.
Teknologi Tempa Logam pada Masa Lalu di Daerah Aliran Sungai Pawan, Kalimantan Barat (sebuah pendekatan etnoarkeologi)
Authors: Yogi Ida Bagus Putu Prajna 
Published: March 2017

Archaeological evidence of metal artifacts found in the area Pawan Watershed in the number of inviting attention to be investigated, that is how the process of technology in the past. The existence of the craftsmen of wrought metal along the watershed area Pawan certainly was not a coincidence. There might be a relationship between the presence of artifacts with traditional metal forging which is still survive until recently. Ethnoarchaeological approach that has been undertaken is expected to give an idea to reconstructs the metal forging technology in the past on Pawan Watershed; to understand the cultural continuity that still exists today in the area. Metal forging technology using the "ububan" the which is still used today in several locations in Indonesia, as well as in Pawan Watershed. This study concluded that the technology workmanship metal artifacts in the past has the similarity from the technological progress that has continued until recently. Bukti arkeologi berupa artefak logam yang ditemukan di daerah aliran Sungai Pawan dalam jumlah yang cukup banyak mengundang perhatian untuk diteliti, yaitu bagaimana teknologi dan proses pengerjaannya pada masa lalu. Keberadaan pengrajin logam tempa di sepanjang daerah aliran Sungai Pawan tentu bukan suatu kebetulan, mungkin ada hubungan antara kehadiran artefak dengan teknologi tempa logam tradisional yang masih bertahan saat ini. Pendekatan etnoarkeologi dilakukan dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran untuk merekonstruksi teknologi tempa logam di masa lalu di daerah aliran Sungai Pawan untuk melihat dan belajar tentang kelangsungan budaya yang masih ada saat ini di lokasi tersebut. Teknologi penempaan logam dengan menggunakan "ububan" yang masih digunakan saat ini di beberapa lokasi di Indonesia dan di daerah aliran Sungai Pawan. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa teknologi artefak pengerjaan logam di masa lalu tidak jauh berbeda dari kemajuan teknologi yang masih berlangsung hingga saat ini.
The effects of applying silicon carbide coating on core reactivity of pebble-bed HTR in water ingress accident
Authors: Zuhair  , Suwoto  , Setiadipura T. , Su’ud Z. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Graphite is used as the moderator, fuel barrier material, and core structure in High Temperature Reactors (HTRs). However, despite its good thermal and mechanical properties below the radiation and high temperatures, it cannot avoid corrosion as a consequence of an accident of water/air ingress. Degradation of graphite as a main HTR material and the formation of dangerous CO gas is a serious problem in HTR safety. One of the several steps that can be adopted to avoid or prevent the corrosion of graphite by the water/air ingress is the application of a thin layer of silicon carbide (SiC) on the surface of the fuel element. This study investigates the effect of applying SiC coating on the fuel surfaces of pebble-bed HTR in water ingress accident from the reactivity points of view. A series of reactivity calculations were done with the Monte Carlo transport code MCNPX and continuous energy nuclear data library ENDF/B-VII at temperature of 1 200 K. Three options of UO2, PuO2, and ThO2/UO2 fuel kernel were considered to obtain the inter comparison of the core reactivity of pebble-bed HTR in conditions of water/air ingress accident. The calculation results indicated that the UO2-fueled pebble-bed HTR reactivity was slightly reduced and relatively more decreased when the thickness of the SiC coating increased. The reactivity characteristic of ThO2/UO2-fueled pebble-bed HTR showed a similar trend to that of UO2, but did not show reactivity peak caused by water ingress. In contrast with UO2- and ThO2-fueled pebble-bed HTR, although the reactivity of PuO2-fueled pebble-bed HTR was the lowest, its characteristics showed a very high reactivity peak (0.33 Δk/k) and this introduction of positive reactivity is difficult to control. SiC coating on the surface of the plutonium fuel pebble has no significant impact. From the comparison between reactivity characteristics of uranium, thorium and plutonium cores with 0.10 cm thick SiC coating, it can be concluded that the effect of SiC coating on core reactivity in water ingress accident is more dominant for the pebble-bed HTR fuelled with thorium than those with uranium and plutonium fuels.