bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stereochemistry of heterobinuclear Pt-M complexes
Authors: Melnik Milan , Mikus Peter 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this review, the structural parameters of almost 30 isomers of heterobinuclear Pt-M (M=Sn, Tl, Cu, Ag, Ti, W, Cr, Fe, Co, Ni, Mn, Pd, or Rh) complexes are summarized and analyzed. There are three types of isomers: distortion (by far the prevailing type), polymerization, and mixed isomers. On the basis of Pt-M distance, there are two groups of complexes: one in which the Pt-M bond distances are <3.0 Å (M=Sn, Tl, W, Cr, Mn, Ni, or Pd) and the other one in which the Pt-M separations are >3.0 Å (M=Cu, Ag, Ti, W, Fe, Co, or Rh). Platinum atoms exist in two oxidation states: +2 and +4. The former by far prevails with a square-planar arrangement with varying degrees of distortion. The Pt(IV) atoms are six-coordinated. The inner coordination spheres about M atoms range from two-coordinated (AgNCl) to sandwiched (FeC10). There is wide variety of donor atoms (ligands) (H, OL, NL, CL, BL, Cl, SL, PL, Br, or I) that build up the respective inner coordination spheres about central metal atoms.
Binding and Non-Binding Contracts: A Theoretical Appraisal
Authors: D’Agostino Elena , Lisciandra Maurizio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The article investigates the equilibrium conditions in the choice between legally binding contracts, which are costly to verify and enforce, and non-binding contracts, which simply rely on trust as an enforcement mechanism, in both one-shot and repeated interactions. The returns to effort appear to have an important effect on reputational behavior. The theoretical investigation is accompanied by numerical simulations of the welfare impact of the introduction of a legal system that allows for binding contracts. We find that contract-enforcing institutions mainly produce benefits when effort is particularly valuable, but turn out to be less effective otherwise and even detrimental for a subset of parameters. Finally, reputation unleashes its welfare-enhancing properties especially if non-binding agreements take place when the counterparty’s reliability is very unpredictable.
Relationship Among Political Instability, Stock Market Returns and Stock Market Volatility
Authors: Irshad Hira 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This study investigated the relationship of political instability with the stock prices. Results of the study indicated the negative relationship of stock prices with political instability. Moreover, results of suggested that instable political system ultimately leads decline in stock prices. Inflation has shown negative relationship with stock prices whereas, industrial production and Exports have positive relationship with stock prices.
Expressive Speech Acts in Educational e-chats
Authors: Maíz-Arévalo Carmen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe category of expressive speech acts has traditionally proven elusive of definition in contrast to other types of speech acts. This might explain why this group of speech acts has been less researched. The present paper aims to redress this imbalance by analysing the expressive speech acts performed by two groups of university students in two educational chats, carried out in English or in Spanish, respectively. The main purpose of the study is to find out if students express their emotions (and which emotions) when interacting online and, if the use of their mother tongue or not affects their performance of expressive speech acts in terms of frequency and type. To this purpose, Weigand’s (2010) taxonomy of speech acts was followed, since it provides a more systematic delimitation of the traditional category of “expressive acts”. Her distinction between emotives and declaratives was thus applied to the dataset under scrutiny. Results show that students opt for performing declarative acts but refrain from expressing their own emotions in an educational setting. As for the use of English or Spanish, no significant differences were observed, which reveals that the use of their mother tongue does not seem to affect the kind of acts performed.
Proton-transfer compounds featuring the unusual 4-arsonoanilinium cation from the reaction of (4-aminophenyl)arsonic acid with strong organic acids
Authors: Smith Graham , Wermuth Urs D. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The crystal structures of the 1:1 proton-transfer compounds of (4-aminophenyl)arsonic acid (p-arsanilic acid) with the strong organic acids, 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid), 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, (3-carboxy-4-hydroxy)benzenesulfonic acid (5-sulfosalicylic acid) and toluene-4-sulfonic acid have been determined at 200 K and their hydrogen–bonding patterns examined. The compounds are, respectively, anhydrous 4-arsonoanilinium 2,4,6-trinitrophenolate (1), the hydrate 4-arsonoanilinium 2-carboxy-4,6-dinitrophenolate monohydrate (2), the hydrate 4-arsonoanilinium (3-carboxy-4-hydroxy)benzenesulfonate monohydrate (3) and the partial solvate 4-arsonoanilinium toluene-4-sulfonate 0.8 hydrate (4). The asymmetric unit of 2, a phenolate, comprises two independent but conformationally similar cation-anion pairs and two water molecules of solvation, and in all compounds, extensive inter-species hydrogen–bonding interactions involving arsono O–H···O and anilinium N–H···O hydrogen–bonds generate three-dimensional supramolecular structures. In the cases of 1 and 2, the acceptors include phenolate and nitro O-atom acceptors, with 3 and 4, additionally, sulfonate O-atom acceptors, and with the hydrates 2–4, the water molecules of solvation. A feature of the hydrogen–bonding in 3 is the presence of primary chains extending along (010) through centrosymmetric cyclic R
2
2(8) motifs together with conjoined cyclic R
3
4(12) motifs, which include the water molecule of solvation. The primary hydrogen–bonding in the substructure of 4 involves homomolecular cation–cation arsono O–H···O interactions forming columns down the crystallographic four-fold axis of the unit cell.
Structure and spectroscopic properties of porphyrinato group 14 derivatives: Part I – Phenylacetylido ligands
Authors: Stadlbauer Stefan , Fischer Roland , Flock Michaela , Zach Peter W. , Borisov Sergey M. , Torvisco Ana , Uhlig Frank 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA series of bis(phenylacetylido)(porphyrinato) E(IV) (E=Si, Ge, Sn) derivatives were obtained by reacting lithium phenylacetylide with the corresponding bis(chlorido)(porphyrinato) E(IV) precursors. Crystal structure determinations demonstrated that thetrans-coordinated acetylide ligands deviate from their expected ideal geometry. Density functional theory calculations and comparison of the packing of the molecules among the homologous series of Si(IV), Ge(IV) and Sn(IV) revealed causes for the deviation from the simple valence shell electron pair repulsion model. Fluorescence and phosphorescence of these organometallic group 14 derivatives were studied and the results are compared to the literature-known properties of the related bis(chlorido)(porphyrinato) E(IV) compounds (E=Si, Ge, Sn). The first crystal structure of a porphyrinato Ge(IV) compound with σ-bonded acetylide ligands is reported.
N-Acetylborrelidin B: a new bioactive metabolite fromStreptomyces mutabilissp. MII
Authors: Hamed Abdelaaty , Abdel-Razek Ahmed S. , Frese Marcel , Wibberg Daniel , El-Haddad Atef F. , Ibrahim Tarek M. A. , Kalinowski Jörn , Sewald Norbert , Shaaban Mohamed 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn the course of our screening program for new bioactive compounds, a naturally new 18-membered macrolide antibiotic,N-acetylborrelidin B (1) along with borrelidin (2) were obtained from the marineStreptomyces mutabilissp. MII. The strain was isolated from a sediment sample collected in the Red Sea at the Hurghada Coast and characterized taxonomically. Additional nine diverse bioactive compounds were reported: 6-prenyl-indole-3-acetonitrile (3), sitosteryl-3β-d-glucoside, campesterol, ferulic acid, linoleic acid methyl ester, linoleic acid,N-acetylanthranilic acid, indole 3-acetic acid methyl ester, indole 3-carboxylic acid, and adenosine. Structure1was confirmed by in-depth NMR studies and by mass spectra, and comparison with related literature data. The antimicrobial activity of the strain extract and compounds1and2were studied using a panel of pathogenic microorganisms. The in vitro cytotoxicity of compounds1and2as well as the crude extract were tested against the human cervix carcinoma cell line (KB-3-1).
Walking Speed, Risk Factors, and Cardiovascular Events in Older Adults—Systematic Review
Authors: Fonseca Alves David J. , Bartholomeu-Neto João , Júnior Edis Rodrigues , Ribeiro Zarricueta Bárbara S. , Nóbrega Otávio T. , Córdova Claudio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Fonseca Alves, DJ, Bartholomeu-Neto, J, Júnior, ER, Ribeiro Zarricueta, BS, Nóbrega, OT, and Córdova, C. Walking speed, risk factors, and cardiovascular events in older adults—systematic review. J Strength Cond Res 31(11): 3235–3244, 2017—It is important that new clinical measures can identify risk factors and predict cardiovascular events. Although the walking speed (WS) test is a potential candidate, consolidating data from multiple studies is required to determine comparative references. We examined the associations of WS measures with markers of cardiovascular risk and with cardiovascular events in noninstitutionalized subjects older than 60 years. A systematic review of observational studies was conducted using MEDLINE and SCOPUS from inception of the databases to December 2014, aiming at studies that evaluated WS as the primary outcome (usual or maximal pace) within a distance ≤20 m associated with cardiovascular health. All 15 included studies (29,845 subjects) reported significant associations of WS with different cardiovascular risk factors (coronary artery calcification, C-reactive protein, hypertension, diabetes, and intima-media thickness) and occurrence of cardiovascular events (peripheral artery disease, stroke, and mortality). Approximately 80% of the studies used a distance ≤6 m and WS at usual pace. There was high heterogeneity in the risk thresholds established by different studies. Our results suggest usefulness of the WS test as a tool for cardiovascular risk stratification in older adults. However, the variation in speed thresholds and diversity of protocols among studies suggest caution when generalizing results to different older adult populations. Because the WS test is a simple, cheap, and safe tool to administer, we make suggestions for its standardization in future studies.
Concerted Interneuron Activity in the Cerebellar Molecular Layer During Rhythmic Oromotor Behaviors
Authors: Astorga Guadalupe , Li Dongdong , Therreau Ludivine , Kassa Merouann , Marty Alain , Llano Isabel 
Published: October 2017

Molecular layer interneurons (MLIs, stellate and basket cells) of the cerebellar cortex are linked together by chemical and electrical synapses and exert a potent feedforward inhibition on Purkinje cells. The functional role of MLIs during specific motor tasks is uncertain. Here, we used two-photon imaging to study the patterns of activity of neighboring individual MLIs in the Crus II region of awake female mice during two types of oromotor activity, licking and bruxing, using specific expression of the genetically encoded calcium indicator protein GCaMP6s. We found that both stellate and basket cells engaged in synchronized waves of calcium activity during licking and bruxing, with high degrees of correlation among the signals collected in individual MLIs. In contrast, no calcium activity was observed during whisking. MLI activity tended to lag behind the onset of sustained licking episodes, indicating a regulatory action of MLIs during licking. Furthermore, during licking, stellate cell activity was anisotropic: the coordination was constant along the direction of parallel fibers (PFs), but fell off with distance along the orthogonal direction. These results suggest a PF drive for Ca2+signals during licking. In contrast, during bruxing, MLI activity was neither clearly organized spatially nor temporally correlated with oromotor activity. In conclusion, MLI activity exhibits a high degree of correlation both in licking and in bruxing, but spatiotemporal patterns of activity display significant differences for the two types of behavior.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIt is known that, during movement, the activity of molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) of the cerebellar cortex is enhanced. However, MLI–MLI interactions are complex because they depend both from excitatory electrical synapses and from potentially inhibitory chemical synapses. Accordingly, the pattern of MLI activity during movement has been unclear. Here, during two oromotor tasks, licking and bruxism, individual neighboring MLIs displayed highly coordinated activity, showing that the positive influences binding MLIs together are predominant. We further find that spatiotemporal patterns differ between licking and bruxing, suggesting that the precise pattern of MLI activity depends on the nature of the motor task.
HuD and the Survival Motor Neuron Protein Interact in Motoneurons and Are Essential for Motoneuron Development, Function, and mRNA Regulation
Authors: Hao le Thi , Duy Phan Q. , An Min , Talbot Jared , Iyer Chitra C. , Wolman Marc , Beattie Christine E. 
Published: October 2017

Motoneurons establish a critical link between the CNS and muscles. If motoneurons do not develop correctly, they cannot form the required connections, resulting in movement defects or paralysis. Compromised development can also lead to degeneration because the motoneuron is not set up to function properly. Little is known, however, regarding the mechanisms that control vertebrate motoneuron development, particularly the later stages of axon branch and dendrite formation. The motoneuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by low levels of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein leading to defects in vertebrate motoneuron development and synapse formation. Here we show using zebrafish as a model system that SMN interacts with the RNA binding protein (RBP) HuD in motoneuronsin vivoduring formation of axonal branches and dendrites. To determine the function of HuD in motoneurons, we generated zebrafishHuDmutants and found that they exhibited decreased motor axon branches, dramatically fewer dendrites, and movement defects. These same phenotypes are present in animals expressing low levels of SMN, indicating that both proteins function in motoneuron development. HuD binds and transports mRNAs and one of its target mRNAs,Gap43, is involved in axonal outgrowth. We found thatGap43was decreased in bothHuDandSMNmutants. Importantly, transgenic expression of HuD in motoneurons ofSMNmutants rescued the motoneuron defects, the movement defects, andGap43mRNA levels. These data support that the interaction between SMN and HuD is critical for motoneuron development and point to a role for RBPs in SMA.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn zebrafish models of the motoneuron disease spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), motor axons fail to form the normal extent of axonal branches and dendrites leading to decreased motor function. SMA is caused by low levels of the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein. We show in motoneuronsin vivothat SMN interacts with the RNA binding protein, HuD. Novel mutants reveal that HuD is also necessary for motor axonal branch and dendrite formation. Data also revealed that both SMN and HuD affect levels of an mRNA involved in axonal growth. Moreover, expressing HuD in SMN-deficient motoneurons can rescue the motoneuron development and motor defects caused by low levels of SMN. These data support that SMN:HuD complexes are essential for normal motoneuron development and indicate that mRNA handling is a critical component of SMA.
Recruitment of Foveal Retinotopic Cortex During Haptic Exploration of Shapes and Actions in the Dark
Authors: Monaco Simona , Gallivan Jason P. , Figley Teresa D. , Singhal Anthony , Culham Jody C. 
Published: October 2017

The role of the early visual cortex and higher-order occipitotemporal cortex has been studied extensively for visual recognition and to a lesser degree for haptic recognition and visually guided actions. Using a slow event-related fMRI experiment, we investigated whether tactile and visual exploration of objects recruit the same “visual” areas (and in the case of visual cortex, the same retinotopic zones) and if these areas show reactivation during delayed actions in the dark toward haptically explored objects (and if so, whether this reactivation might be due to imagery). We examined activation during visual or haptic exploration of objects and action execution (grasping or reaching) separated by an 18 s delay. Twenty-nine human volunteers (13 females) participated in this study. Participants had their eyes open and fixated on a point in the dark. The objects were placed below the fixation point and accordingly visual exploration activated the cuneus, which processes retinotopic locations in the lower visual field. Strikingly, the occipital pole (OP), representing foveal locations, showed higher activation for tactile than visual exploration, although the stimulus was unseen and location in the visual field was peripheral. Moreover, the lateral occipital tactile–visual area (LOtv) showed comparable activation for tactile and visual exploration. Psychophysiological interaction analysis indicated that the OP showed stronger functional connectivity with anterior intraparietal sulcus and LOtv during the haptic than visual exploration of shapes in the dark. After the delay, the cuneus, OP, and LOtv showed reactivation that was independent of the sensory modality used to explore the object. These results show that haptic actions not only activate “visual” areas during object touch, but also that this information appears to be used in guiding grasping actions toward targets after a delay.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVisual presentation of an object activates shape-processing areas and retinotopic locations in early visual areas. Moreover, if the object is grasped in the dark after a delay, these areas show “reactivation.” Here, we show that these areas are also activated and reactivated for haptic object exploration and haptically guided grasping. Touch-related activity occurs not only in the retinotopic location of the visual stimulus, but also at the occipital pole (OP), corresponding to the foveal representation, even though the stimulus was unseen and located peripherally. That is, the same “visual” regions are implicated in both visual and haptic exploration; however, touch also recruits high-acuity central representation within early visual areas during both haptic exploration of objects and subsequent actions toward them. Functional connectivity analysis shows that the OP is more strongly connected with ventral and dorsal stream areas when participants explore an object in the dark than when they view it.
Orientation Tuning of Correlated Activity in the Developing Lateral Geniculate Nucleus
Authors: Kiley Caitlin W. , Usrey W. Martin 
Published: October 2017

Neural circuits and the cells that comprise them undergo developmental changes in the spatial organization of their connections and in their temporal response properties. Within the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the dorsal thalamus, these changes have pronounced effects on the spatiotemporal receptive fields (STRFs) of neurons. An open and unresolved question is how STRF maturation affects stimulus-evoked correlated activity between pairs of LGN neurons during development. This is an important question to answer because stimulus-evoked correlated activity likely plays a role in establishing the specificity of thalamocortical connectivity and the receptive fields (RFs) of postsynaptic cortical neurons. Using multielectrode recording methods and white noise stimuli, we recorded neural activity from ensembles of LGN neurons in cats across early development. As expected, there was a progressive maturation of the spatial and temporal properties of visual responses. Using drifting bar stimuli and cross-correlation analysis, we also determined the orientation-tuning bandwidth of correlated activity between pairs of LGN neurons at different stages of development (Sillito and Jones, 2002; Andolina et al., 2007; Stanley et al., 2012; Kelly et al., 2014). Despite the larger RFs and slower responses of immature LGN neurons compared with mature neurons, our results show that correlated activity in the LGN was as tightly tuned for orientation early in development as it was in the adult. Closer examination revealed this age-invariant orientation tuning of correlated activity likely involves cellular mechanisms related to spike fatigue in young animals and a progressive decrease in response latency with development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOrientation tuning is a fundamental property of neurons in primary visual cortex. An important and unresolved question is how orientation tuning emerges during brain development. This study explores a potential mechanism for the establishment of orientation tuning based on correlated activity patterns among ensembles of maturing neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus. Results show that correlated activity between pairs of LGN neurons is more tightly tuned than predictions based simply on receptive field size, indicating that correlated activity has the properties needed to play an important role in the development of geniculocortical circuits and the emergence of cortical orientation tuning.
Burnout Syndrome and Self-Efficacy Beliefs in Professors
Authors: García Padilla Arlington Antonio , Escorcia Bonivento Carla Vanessa , Perez Suarez Blinis Sat 
Published: October 2017

<p>La presencia del síndrome de Burnout en docentes universitarios, puede considerarse como un deterioro de la salud mental de estos, teniendo consecuencias negativas en su desempeño laboral. Se sabe que el docente desarrolla diferentes actividades en las áreas de docencia, extensión e investigación. Éste estudio tiene como objetivo analizar la relación del Síndrome Burnout y los sentimientos de autoeficacia con el rendimiento académico en profesores universitarios pertenecientes a los Programas de Psicología y Odontología de una Universidad privada de la ciudad de Barranquilla. La investigación es empírico analítica, con un diseño descriptivo correlacional. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 93 docentes de los programas de psicología y Odontología, para elección de la muestra, se utilizó una muestra de tipo no probabilista, siguiendo con unos criterios de inclusión y exclusión que permitieron seleccionar un total de 36 profesores que cumplieron con los criterios para el estudio realizado. Los instrumentos que se utilizaron en este estudio, fue el Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI, 1981) adaptado por Seisdedos (1997) y Sentimiento de Autoeficacia en el Profesor de Tschannen-Moran y Woolfolk, (2001). Teniendo en cuenta los resultados, se observó que no se presenta un relación significativa entre el Burnout, sentimientos de autoeficacia con el rendimiento académico. </p>
Failure of a Polyaryletheretherketone-Cobalt-Chromium Composite Femoral Stem Due to Coating Separation and Subsidence
Authors: Bartelstein Meredith K. , Van Citters Douglas W. , Weiser Mitchell C. , Moucha Calin S. 
Published: October 2017

Case:
A 52-year-old man who previously had undergone total hip arthroplasty with use of an Epoch (Zimmer) extensively porous-coated femoral stem presented with hip pain after a high-energy motor-vehicle accident. Radiographs demonstrated delamination at the polyaryletheretherketone-cobalt-chromium (PEEK-CoCr) core interface, which led to loosening. At revision, the implant demonstrated gross evidence of debonding at the PEEK-CoCr interface.

Conclusion:
We demonstrate clinical and tribologic evidence of a rare failure mode involving the PEEK-metal interface in a composite femoral stem, which surgeons should be aware of when evaluating patients with this type of implant.