bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Giant Modular PKSs Provides Insight into Genetic Mechanism for Structural Diversification of Aminopolyol Polyketides
Authors: Zhang Lihan , Hashimoto Takuya , Qin Bin , Hashimoto Junko , Kozone Ikuko , Kawahara Teppei , Okada Masahiro , Awakawa Takayoshi , Ito Takuya , Asakawa Yoshinori , Ueki Masashi , Takahashi Shunji , Osada Hiroyuki , Wakimoto Toshiyuki , Ikeda Haruo , Shin‐ya Kazuo , Abe Ikuro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPolyketides form many clinically valuable compounds. However, manipulation of their biosynthesis remains highly challenging. An understanding of gene cluster evolution provides a rationale for reprogramming of the biosynthetic machinery. Herein, we report characterization of giant modular polyketide synthases (PKSs) responsible for the production of aminopolyol polyketides. Heterologous expression of over 150 kbp polyketide gene clusters successfully afforded their products, whose stereochemistry was established by taking advantage of bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis of highly homologous but functionally diverse domains from the giant PKSs demonstrated the evolutionary mechanism for structural diversification of polyketides. The gene clusters characterized herein, together with their evolutionary insights, are promising genetic building blocks for de novo production of unnatural polyketides.
Genome‐Wide Association Analysis Reveals Genetic Heterogeneity of Sjögren's Syndrome According to Ancestry
Authors: Taylor Kimberly E. , Wong Quenna , Levine David M. , McHugh Caitlin , Laurie Cathy , Doheny Kimberly , Lam Mi Y. , Baer Alan N. , Challacombe Stephen , Lanfranchi Hector , Schiødt Morten , Srinivasan M. , Umehara Hisanori , Vivino Frederick B. , Zhao Yan , Shiboski Stephen C. , Daniels Troy E. , Greenspan John S. , Shiboski Caroline H. , Criswell Lindsey A. 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveThe Sjögren's International Collaborative Clinical Alliance (SICCA) is an international data registry and biorepository derived from a multisite observational study of participants in whom genotyping was performed on the Omni2.5M platform and who had undergone deep phenotyping using common protocol‐directed methods. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic etiology of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) across ancestry and disease subsets.MethodsWe performed genome‐wide association study analyses using SICCA subjects and external controls obtained from dbGaP data sets, one using all participants (1,405 cases, 1,622 SICCA controls, and 3,125 external controls), one using European participants (585, 966, and 580, respectively), and one using Asian participants (460, 224, and 901, respectively) with ancestry adjustments via principal components analyses. We also investigated whether subphenotype distributions differ by ethnicity, and whether this contributes to the heterogeneity of genetic associations.ResultsWe observed significant associations in established regions of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), IRF5, and STAT4 (P = 3 × 10−42, P = 3 × 10−14, and P = 9 × 10−10, respectively), and several novel suggestive regions (those with 2 or more associations at P < 1 × 10−5). Two regions have been previously implicated in autoimmune disease: KLRG1 (P = 6 × 10−7 [Asian cluster]) and SH2D2A (P = 2 × 10−6 [all participants]). We observed striking differences between the associations in Europeans and Asians, with high heterogeneity especially in the MHC; representative single‐nucleotide polymorphisms from established and suggestive regions had highly significant differences in the allele frequencies in the study populations. We showed that SSA/SSB autoantibody production and the labial salivary gland focus score criteria were associated with the first worldwide principal component, indicative of higher non‐European ancestry (P = 4 × 10−15 and P = 4 × 10−5, respectively), but that subphenotype differences did not explain most of the ancestry differences in genetic associations.ConclusionGenetic associations with SS differ markedly according to ancestry; however, this is not explained by differences in subphenotypes.
Evaluation of Photocurrent Generation from Different Photosynthetic Organisms
Authors: Hasan Kamrul , Grippo Valentina , Sperling Eva , Packer Michael A. , Leech Dónal , Gorton Lo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBiological photovoltaics (BPVs) are emerging as a potential sustainable energy‐generating technology to convert solar energy into electrical energy. Although a great variety of photosynthetic biomaterials were studied in BPVs, cyanobacteria are considered as superior candidates because of their simpler physiology. To facilitate extracellular electron transfer (EET) from cyanobacteria to electrodes is the greatest challenge to improving the performance of BPVs. However, a systematic study comparing the photo‐excited EET from such organisms is not yet reported. Here we report on a comparison of photocurrent density generated by benthic cyanobacteria, that is, two species of Leptolyngbya sp. (CAWBG62 and CAWBG100), one species from the order Chroococcales (CAWBG64), and a eukaryotic algae, Paulschulzia pseudovolvox (UKE). This algae and CAWBG100 were sourced from New Zealand, CAWBG62 and CAWBG64 were from Antarctica. We demonstrate EET mediated by three different electron transfer (ET) mediating systems on graphite electrodes. These are as follows: (I) [Os(2,2’‐(bipyridine)2(polyvinyl‐imidazole)10Cl]+/2+ (1:9) [Os‐(bpy)PVI] (II) p‐benzoquinone (PBQ) (III) [Os‐(bpy)PVI] together with PBQ. The maximum photocurrent density of 47.2 μA cm−2 was obtained from CAWBG64 mediated by (III) [Os‐(bpy)PVI] together with PBQ.
Pyrrolidine‐Containing Bisphosphonates as Potential Anti‐Resorption Bone Drugs
Authors: De Luca Lorena , Chiminazzo Andrea , Sperni Laura , Strukul Giorgio , Scarso Alessandro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBisphosphonates, particularly those with N‐substituted groups, are currently the most popular drugs for the treatment of osteoporosis. However, their chemical structures are still rather simple and new synthetic methods are needed to expand their molecular complexity and also improve their specificity of action towards other targets as anticancer, antibacterial, and antimalarial drugs. Herein, we report a new class of potential antiresorption bisphosphonate drugs that have a pyrrolidine unit with different substituents, obtained through a simple dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azomethine ylides and vinylidenebisphosphonate derivatives as precursors. The methodology led to the efficient preparation of a wide range of (1‐methylpyrrolidine‐3,3‐diyl)bis(phosphonic esters) derivatives with different substituents in position 4.
Non‐Acceptance of Puerperal Sterilization
Authors: Palaniappan B. 
Published: January 2017

Palaniappan, B. (Dept. of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Kilpauk Medical College, Madras, India 600010). Non‐acceptance of puerperal sterilization. A study.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14:505–508, 1976.This is an analysis of reasons given by 800 women who were hospitalized for deliveries at the Government Kilpauk Medical College Hospital in Madras for refusing puerperal sterilization. The cases are analysed by socio‐demographic characteristics, age and parity. The most common reasons given were “inability to do manual work after the operation”, “husband objects”, and “necessity for prolonged rest”. The author suggests ways of dealing with these barriers to sterilization.
Iron Deficiency Anaemia in a Rural Area in Nigeria
Authors: Oluboyede O. A. , Ogunbode O. 
Published: January 2017

Oluboyede, O. A. and Ogunbode, O. (Depts. of Haematology and Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria). Iron deficiency anaemia in a rural area in Nigeria. Evaluation of diagnosis and treatment with Imferon.Int J Gynaecol Obstet 14: 529–532, 1976.In 32 pregnant women with packed cell volume (PCV) of 30% or less (Hb 10 g/100 ml or below), iron depletion was present in 87.5% and megaloblastic changes in 84.5% as judged by bone marrow findings. Parenteral iron gave statistically significant rise in the PCV (p<0.001) in those who received iron therapy compared with control group with no iron therapy. Routine iron administration during pregnancy is therefore indicated in this population.
The Needlescope and Other Small Diameter Laparoscopes for Sterilization and Diagnostic Procedures
Authors: Dingfelder James R. , Brenner William E. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe recent expanded popularity of gynecologic endoscopy has been accompanied by a proliferation of instrumentation which aims to satisfy the diverse requirements of laparoscopists for improving operative safety as well as developing novel or improved diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. One major trend in the diversification of equipment has been toward a reduction in the diameters of both telescopes and operative apparatus. It appears that such miniaturization may reduce operative complications as well as postoperative discomfort. A new dual‐puncture sterilization technique which utilizes a diagnostic endoscope and a bipolar electrosurgical instrument, each of less than 3 mm diameter, is presented. The advantages and limitations of this procedure are discussed and the cosmetic and psychological aspects of patient acceptance are considered.
Treatment of Post‐Pill Amenorrhea
Authors: Dickey Richard P. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTPost‐pill amenorrhea, a relatively rare but important sequela of oral contraceptive use, is often accompanied by galactorrhea. A review of women with post‐pill amenorrhea‐galactorrhea (PPAG) showed that it has more than one cause. Clinical and laboratory methods of evaluation are reviewed, and appropriate methods of treatment are suggested.
Small Dose Anti‐Rh Therapy After First Trimester Abortion
Authors: Keith Louis , Bozorgi Nader 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe standard prophylactic dose of anti‐Rh immunoglobulin used in the United States is 300 μg. For use after spontaneous or induced abortion and diagnostic amniocentesis, this dose represents immunological “overkill”. A 50 μg dose has been effectively used for these patients in other countries but the specific products used were not equivalent to the products available in the USA. No evaluation of this 50 μg dose has been conducted in the USA. This is a pilot study of 315 patients given a 50 μg dose or a 300 μg dose of anti‐Rh immunoglobulin after first trimester abortion. No patient in either treatment group developed atypical blood group antibodies within 6 months. This finding confirms that 50 μg of the American product is protective after first trimester abortion.
Rupture of the Uterus
Authors: Paydar Mehdi , Hassanzadeh Abass 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTSixty‐four cases of rupture of the uterus were managed from March 1967 to March 1977. The maternal morbidity was 81.0%, and there were six maternal deaths (9.4%). Fifty‐five patients (85.5%) had hysterectomies. The average hospital stay for patients who survived was 15.5 days. The fetal mortality rate was 89%. The etiology, diagnostic evaluation and the mode of prevention are discussed.
Risks and Benefits of Culdoscopic Female Sterilization
Authors: McCann Margaret F. , Cole Lynda Painter 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the risks and benefits of the culdoscopic approach to female sterilization in an analysis of 2153 culdoscopic sterilization procedures performed at 11 centers in nine countries. Inability to occlude the tubes as planned was reported for approximately 6.0% of the cases including 1.4% in which one or both tubes could not be occluded by any technique. Surgical difficulties were reported for about 13.0% of the procedures, and surgical complications, of which the most frequent was torn or bleeding tubes, occurred in 2.0% of the cases. Pregnancy rates were significantly higher for patients whose tubes were occluded by tantalum clips (7.7 per 100 women at 12 months), indicating that this is not the preferred technique of tubal occlusion; the 12‐month life table pregnancy rates were 0.1 per 100 women for tubal ring and 0.0 for Pomeroy and fimbriectomy. Comparison of these data with similar pooled data on laparoscopy and minilaparotomy indicates that culdoscopy is associated with greater technical difficulty and morbidity. Thus, abdominal procedures will continue to be preferred for use in most large‐scale programs.
An Ultrastructural and Clinical Study of Theca and Granulosa Cell Tumors
Authors: Klemi P. J. , Grönroos M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTTo establish the cell type responsible for the production of estrogens in an ovarian tumor, seven thecomas, three granulosa cell tumors and one fibroma were studied with electron microscopy. The secretion of estrogens by the tumor was determined by measuring the plasma levels of estrogens in the ovarian and cubital veins of some patients and examining the histology of the endometria. Polygonal cells with abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) at the ultrastructural level were found in the tumors of patients with clinical signs of hyperestrogenism. It is likely that these cells are the site of steroidogenesis, which is known to be reflected by SER in the cells of the human corpus luteum.
International Forum Update: Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate and Endometrial Carcinoma
Authors: McDaniel Edwin B. , Potts Malcolm 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn response to a recent report (Fam Plann Perspect 11: 47, 1979) that two of 12 rhesus monkeys given 50 times the human dose of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), by body weight, for ten years had developed endometrial carcinoma (CA), a retrospective survey of all hospital admissions for proven endometrial CA in two Thai provinces where DMPA contraceptive injections have been widely used since 1965 was made. From 1974 through 1978, 16 women were hospitalized with confirmed diagnoses of endometrial CA. None of the nine women successfully followed up had previously used oral or injectable contraceptives, nor has the recorded incidence of endometrial CA increased in these provinces. Base on the available evidence, the authors conclude that (a) the data on monkeys given very large doses of DMPA for ten years do not apply to women given normal doses of DMPA for prolonged periods and (b) widespread and long‐term use of DMPA can and should be continued.
Jaundice During Pregnancy in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunbode O. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe clinical features of hepatitis during pregnancy and the effect of this complication on the mother and the fetus were evaluated in 45 patients with jaundice who were treated at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, from July 1976 to January 1978. Viral hepatitis was the cause of jaundice in 23 of the 45 patients in this prospective study. Three of these patients had the fulminant type of jaundice which resulted in maternal deaths. The peak incidence of the disease occurred in the last trimester. Hepatitis had a deleterious effect on the outcome of pregnancy; the effect was directly related to the severity of the disease, especially when associated with pyrexia. It is postulated that, by lowering resistance to infection, malnutrition may play a significant role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis during pregnancy.
A New Instrument for the Management of Shoulder Dystocia
Authors: Chavis William M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTShoulder dystocia is a serious obstetric complication and remains an enigma to most obstetricians. Because of its rarity (1:10 000), improvements in management can hardly be gained through the experience of a single individual. However, a new obstetric instrument (shoulder horn) has been developed by the author that may prove to be of value in the management of shoulder dystocia by forming a channel which facilitates delivery of the anterior shoulder with minimal trauma.
Clonidine in the Treatment of Menopausal Symptoms
Authors: Salmi Tuula , Punnonen Reijo 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThirty‐seven women complaining of hot flushes, sweating and other menopausal symptoms were treated with clonidine. A double‐blind crossover trial with placebo controls was undertaken. The clonidine dose was 2 × 0.025 mg/24 hours–0.075 mg/24 hours, increased if necessary at intervals of two weeks. The effect of clonidine did not differ significantly from placebo effect in the treatment of the symptoms. Side effects during clonidine management were slight and no difference was seen in their incidence compared with that in the patients treated with the placebo. A definitive placebo response was perceivable in the decreasing of symptoms.
Pseudocyesis in Infertile Patients
Authors: Ladipo O. A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTIn the African population, pseudocyesis is not an uncommon gynecologic disorder. The high premium on childbearing, as well as the deep‐rooted cultural belief that children are a “security of old age” and continuation of the family, exposes the infertile woman to constant stress. The social and psychological satisfaction of parenthood is very important in this culture; while, for some patients, perception of the economic implication of children enhances the desire to have children.
Gonorrhea, Trichomonas and Candida Among Gravid and Nongravid Women in Cameroon
Authors: Nasah Boniface T. , Nguematcha Roger , Eyong Martha , Godwin Sama 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA case‐control study of 1358 pregnant and nonpregnant women with and without symptoms of a lower genital tract infection were investigated for evidence of venereal disease. The prevalence of gonorrhea, Trichomonas and Candida in pregnancy was 15.0%, 20.6% and 41.3%, respectively, while the equivalent percentages in the nonpregnant women varied from 16.5% to 21.6%, 2.4% to 22.8% and 33.3% to 39.3%. However, these differences are not statistically significant. The implications of the findings are discussed and a screening program suggested.
Maternal Glycemia and Birth Weight
Authors: Luqman W. , Smith M. , Saunders C. , Moore W. , Kulwin R. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTA study of 96 high‐risk, but uneventful pregnancies was performed. Overt hyperglycemia was excluded after 24 weeks of gestation by fasting serum glucose <110 mg, serum glucose of <140 mg two hours after a large breakfast (group 1, 44 subjects) or <140 mg two hours after a standard glucose load (group 2, 52 subjects). A significant linear correlation between the two‐hour postprandial serum glucose and birth weight was found in group 1 (r = 0.29, p < 0.05). There was a random correlation (r = −0.002, p > 0.4) in group 2. It is suggested that the dietary habits were an important variable.
Irregular Fetal Bradycardia: A Case Report
Authors: Batzer Frances 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThe importance of fetal heart rate patterns in the evaluation of fetal well‐being is discussed in relation to a case of antenatal documentation of a grossly irregular fetal bradycardia in a mother with congenital heart disease. A rare form of conduction disturbance, sinus bradycardia with resultant arterial‐venous dissociation is documented as an antenatal finding and etiology to irregular fetal bradycardia.
Nonprescription Vaginal Contraception
Authors: Edelman David A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTData on the efficacy of vaginal contraceptive suppositories and foams available in the United States are reviewed, and data on a new vaginal contraceptive, the Collatex sponge, is presented. The efficacy of this device appears to be similar to that of the diaphragm.
Suppression of osteogenic activity by regulation of WNT and BMP signaling during titanium particle induced osteolysis
Authors: Nam Ju‐Suk , Sharma Ashish Ranjan , Jagga Supriya , Lee Dong‐Hyun , Sharma Garima , Nguyen Lich Thi , Lee Yeon Hee , Chang Jun‐Dong , Chakraborty Chiranjib , Lee Sang‐Soo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPeriprosthetic osteolysis remains the leading obstacle for total joint replacements. Primarily, it was thought that aseptic loosening is mainly caused by macrophage mediated inflammatory process arising from production of wear debris. The role of osteoclasts and its sequential bone resorption ability has been extensively studied, but little is known about impaired osteogenesis during osteolysis. In the current study, we have tried to delineate the regulatory mechanism of osteogenic signals by Ti particles in osteoprogenitor cells as well its participatory role in wear debris induced osteolysis. Implantation of Ti particles on mice calvaria induced pro‐inflammatory response, elevated expression of COX2 and reduced the expression of Osterix. Treatment of Ti particles to MC3T3 E‐1 cells displayed decreased osteogenic activity including ALP activity, mineralization and mRNA levels several osteogenic genes. Moreover, the basal activity of WNT and BMP signaling pathways was suppressed in MC3T3 E‐1 cells treated with Ti particles. As an early response to Ti particles, MC3T3 E‐1 cells showed activation of ERK and JNK. Co‐inhibition of ERK and JNK with their specific inhibitors resulted in partial recovery of WNT and BMP signaling activity as well as ALP activity and collagen synthesis. Finally, LiCl mediated activation of WNT signaling pathway demonstrated rescue of Ti particle facilitated suppression of Osterix expression in mice calvaria. Our results provide evidences that WNT signaling pathway is regulated by ERK, JNK, and BMP signaling pathway during wear debris induced inflammatory osteolysis and may be considered as suitable therapeutic targets for the treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 912–926, 2017.
Supplementing diet with Manitoba lingonberry juice reduces kidney ischemia‐reperfusion injury
Authors: Isaak Cara K , Wang Pengqi , Prashar Suvira , O Karmin , Brown Daniel CW , Debnath Samir C , Siow Yaw L 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDLingonberry (Vaccinium vitis‐idaea L.) contains high levels of anthocyanins which are bioavailable in the kidney and may be protective against ischemia–reperfusion (IR)‐induced acute kidney injury. This study investigated the effect of lingonberry juice on the IR‐induced stress‐activated signalling pathway and inflammatory response in the kidney.RESULTSSprague–Dawley rats subjected to kidney IR had significantly impaired kidney function, with increased activation of the JNK signalling pathway and increased inflammatory response, measured using a multiplex panel containing an extensive array of inflammatory biomarkers. In rats fed 1 mL lingonberry juice daily for 3 weeks prior to IR, kidney function was protected and attenuation of inflammatory response and JNK signalling was reflected in the reduction of the measured biomarkers. In vitro results in cultured HK‐2 cells confirmed that lingonberry anthocyanins reduced JNK signalling and inflammatory gene expression after IR.CONCLUSIONThis study shows, for the first time, that daily supplementation with lingonberry juice may protect against loss of kidney function induced by IR injury by modulating JNK signalling and inhibiting the subsequent inflammatory response. © 2017 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry