bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protective role of Broccoli powder against continuous ingestion of Escitalopram antidepressant drug induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino male mice
Authors: Saxena Sneha , Shahani Lata , Bhatnagar Pradeep 
Published: August 2017

<p>To investigate the protective role of broccoli powder “<em>Brassica Oleracea Italica</em>” against continuous ingestion of escitalopram antidepressant drug induced hepatotoxicity in Swiss albino male mice.</p><p>Mice were divided into different groups. Group1: Normal control (0.9% NaCl), Group 2: Escitalopram drug treated only (20 mg/kg), Group 3: Broccoli powder with Escitalopram drug treated (200 mg/kg + 20 mg/kg), Group 4: Olive oil vehicle control, Group 5: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl<sub>4</sub>) referenced as positive control (33 mg/kg), Group 6: Broccoli powder with CCl<sub>4</sub> treated (200 mg/kg + 33 mg/kg). The effect of these groups on liver tissue was studied after three different time periods for 4, 8 and 12 weeks.</p>The results showed that the treatment with escitalopram drug displayed significantly increased serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP level and alter liver antioxidant enzymes level (LPO, SOD and GSH) that are comparable with CCl<sub>4</sub>intoxicated group considered as positive control. Comparing escitalopram drug treated group with group that received both broccoli powder and escitalopram drug displayed a significant decrease in serum SGOT, SGPT, ALP levels and restored the level of antioxidant enzymes. The protective effect of broccoli powder on escitalopram drug induced hepatotoxicity was also supported by histopathological studies.<p> </p>
Metabolic profile and atherogenic indices of rats treated with Tamarindus indica and Mentha piperita juice.
Authors: Barbalho Sandra Maria , Trevisan Silvia Cristina Cerini , Menezes Aline Pereira Paes , Guiguer Elen Landgraf , Oshiiwa Marie , Sellis Vanessa , Fiorini Adriana 
Published: August 2017

<p>Changes in diet, physical inactivity and stress contribute to obesity, cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis. Literature shows that bioactive compounds may result in benefits to human health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the glycemic, lipid profile and atherogenic indices of Wistar rats treated with <em>Mentha piperita</em> and <em>Tamarindus indica</em> juice. Animals received food and water <em>ad libitum </em>and were divided into 3 groups: control group (G1) that received 0.5 mL of water twice daily; <em>Mentha </em>group (G2) treated with 0.5 mL of mint juice and group treated with <em>Tamarindus indica </em>juice (G3), that received 0.5 mL of tamarind juice twice daily for 40 days. Groups G1, G2 and G3 received the drinks by intragastric rout. After this period the animals were sedated with sodium pentobarbital for blood collection and evaluation of the biochemical profile: total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, triglycerides and glucose. Atherogenic indexes were also calculated. The results showed a reduction of total cholesterol, LDL-c, triglyceride, body weight and atherogenic indices; and increase in the levels of HDL-c. We may suggest that the use of mint and tamarind juice can positively affect the biochemical parameters and reduce the atherogenic indexes of Wistar rats.</p>
“A dark affair, no doubt”: Perversion and Self-Victimizing in A. B. Yehoshua's Facing the Forests
Authors: Abazon Lital 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
This article analyzes A. B. Yehoshua's 1963 novella Facing the Forests from a psychoanalytic perspective, in an attempt to decipher its many moments of internal contradiction, including moments many former critiques do not pay attention to. It will use Freudian and Lacanian accounts of perverse personality structure to demonstrate the protagonist's perverse and self-victimizing personality structure. The first half of the article explores the psychoanalytic notion of perverse structure, as well as the definition of self-victimization and its derivatives. The second half analyzes Facing the Forests in four sections and explores how certain traits of perversion—namely the dominant characteristics of self-victimization—serve to motivate the actions of the protagonist. The article concludes by suggesting the unique type of national allegory that such a reading entails, as it presents a collective, national state of self-victimization.
A randomized clinical trial of vitamin D3(cholecalciferol) in ulcerative colitis patients with hypovitaminosis D3
Authors: Mathur Jagrati , Naing Soe , Mills Paul , Limsui David 
Published: August 2017

AimTo prospectively evaluate the effects of vitamin D3on disease activity and quality of life in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients with hypovitaminosis D.MethodsThe study was a prospective double-blinded, randomized trial conducted at Community Regional Medical Center, Fresno, CA from 2012–2013. Patients with UC and a serum 25(OH)D level <30 ng/ml were eligible for the study. Enrolled subjects were randomized to receive either 2,000 IU or 4,000 IU of oral vitamin D3daily for a total of 90 days. The Short IBD Questionnaire (SIBDQ) for quality of life, the Partial Mayo Score for UC disease activity and serum lab tests were compared between the two treatment groups. Matched pairt-tests were computed to assess differences between the vitamin D levels, CRP, UC disease activity and SIBDQ scores before and after vitamin D3therapy using SPSS version 21.ResultsEight UC patients received 2,000 IU/daily and ten UC patients received 4,000 IU/daily of vitamin D3for 90 days. Vitamin D levels increased after 90 days of oral vitamin D3in both dose groups. However, the increase in vitamin D levels after 90 days of oral vitamin D3, in the 4,000 IU group was significantly higher 16.80 ± 9.15 (p < 0.001) compared to the 2,000 IU group of vitamin D 5.00 ± 3.12 (p = 0.008). Normal vitamin D levels (>30 ng/dl) were achieved in four out of the ten UC patients (40%) in the 4,000 IU group and in one out of the eight UC patients (12%) in the 2,000 IU group. In the group receiving 4,000 IU/day of vitamin D3the increase in quality life scores (SIBDQ) was significant 1.0 ± 1.0 (p = 0.017) but not in the 2,000 IU vitamin D3group 0.1 ± 1.0 (p = 0.87). In the 2,000 IU of vitamin D3group the mean decrease in the Partial Mayo UC Score was −0.5 ± 1.5 (p = 0.38) compared to −1.3 ± 2.9 (p = 0.19) in the 4,000 IU vitamin D3group but this was not statistically significant. CRP levels decreased after 90 days of daily vitamin D3in both the 2,000 IU group and 4,000 IU group by −3.0 ± 9.4 (p = 0.4) and −10.8 ± 35.0 (p = 0.36) respectively.ConclusionVitamin D3at 4,000 IU/day is more effective than 2,000 IU/day in increasing vitamin D to sufficient levels in UC patients with hypovitaminosis D, however higher doses or treatment beyond ninety days may be required. Vitamin D3may improve the quality of life in UC patients but clinically significant improvement is not yet established. The effect of vitamin D3on UC disease activity is still unclear. Further larger studies are needed to investigate the effects of vitamin D in ulcerative colitis.
Transient effects on confined groundwater age distributions: Considering the necessity of time‐dependent simulations
Authors: Engdahl Nicholas B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe key concept of transient age distributions is that the age distribution of water at a fixed spatial location may change over time. Most previous studies involving groundwater age have relied on the assumption of a steady state age distribution over time. This assumption simplifies the problem and can also be used for predictive modeling, but few studies have addressed the validity of this assumption directly. We explore the variability of transient age distributions in simplified, confined groundwater flow systems. The main focus is determining when it is necessary to explicitly model the transience. A combination of analytical and numerical methods is used to demonstrate the transient variability of age for several hypothetical velocity fields and trial domains. Transient effects are strongest for samples taken near fluctuating interfaces or boundaries. Lastly, we investigate how heterogeneity and transient boundary signals interact in a 2‐D domain. These impacts are difficult to generalize, so the article closes with a set of considerations to assist readers in determining whether or not transience is likely to play a significant role in other applications. The main conclusion is that high‐frequency oscillations in flow boundaries have negligible impacts on confined age distributions but long‐term trends in flow velocities (increasing or decreasing) can cause significant changes over time.
Assessing the climate‐scale variability of atmospheric rivers affecting western North America
Authors: Gershunov Alexander , Shulgina Tamara , Ralph F. Martin , Lavers David A. , Rutz Jonathan J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA new method for automatic detection of atmospheric rivers (ARs) is developed and applied to an atmospheric reanalysis, yielding an extensive catalog of ARs land‐falling along the west coast of North America during 1948–2017. This catalog provides a large array of variables that can be used to examine AR cases and their climate‐scale variability in exceptional detail. The new record of AR activity, as presented, validated and examined here, provides a perspective on the seasonal cycle and the interannual‐interdecadal variability of AR activity affecting the hydroclimate of western North America. Importantly, AR intensity does not exactly follow the climatological pattern of AR frequency. Strong links to hydroclimate are demonstrated using a high‐resolution precipitation data set. We describe the seasonal progression of AR activity and diagnose linkages with climate variability expressed in Pacific sea surface temperatures, revealing links to Pacific decadal variability, recent regional anomalies, as well as a generally rising trend in land‐falling AR activity. The latter trend is consistent with a long‐term increase in vapor transport from the warming North Pacific onto the North American continent. The new catalog provides unprecedented opportunities to study the climate‐scale behavior and predictability of ARs affecting western North America.
Deriving colored dissolved organic matter absorption coefficient from ocean color with a neural quasi‐analytical algorithm
Authors: Chen Jun , He Xianqiang , Zhou Bin , Pan Delu 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study is to develop an approach to estimate the gelbstoff absorption coefficient (ag) from remote sensing reflectance (Rrs). This approach includes two components: the inherent optical properties are semianalytically derived from the Rrs by a neural quasianalytical algorithm (NQAA), and then the derivations are semianalytically extended to ag estimations using a band difference approach. This method is then evaluated with the various type of ocean color data including synthetic, field measured, and satellite‐observed data. The results show that the method can produce an excellent quantitative agreement between the estimated and known ag in ocean waters with a wide range of optical properties, while significantly reducing the effects of residual error in SeaWiFS Rrs, primarily from the imperfect atmospheric correction algorithm on the retrieval of ag in the clear open oceans. Furthermore, with the application of this new algorithm, the SeaWiFS ag products exhibit more spatially and temporally uniform results than the band ratio approach‐based ag retrieval algorithm. These results indicate that the new algorithm is an encouraging approach to process ocean color images for ag retrieval, although a greater number of independent tests with in situ and satellite data are required to further validate and improve this approach.
Comparison of AAPM Addendum to TG‐51, IAEA TRS‐398, and JSMP 12: Calibration of photon beams in water
Authors: Kinoshita Naoki , Oguchi Hiroshi , Nishimoto Yasuhiro , Adachi Toshiki , Shioura Hiroki , Kimura Hirohiko , Doi Kunio 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) Working Group on TG‐51 published an Addendum to the AAPM's TG‐51 protocol (Addendum to TG‐51) in 2014, and the Japan Society of Medical Physics (JSMP) published a new dosimetry protocol JSMP 12 in 2012. In this study, we compared the absorbed dose to water determined at the reference depth for high‐energy photon beams following the recommendations given in AAPM TG‐51 and the Addendum to TG‐51, IAEA TRS‐398, and JSMP 12. This study was performed using measurements with flattened photon beams with nominal energies of 6 and 10 MV. Three widely used ionization chambers with different compositions, Exradin A12, PTW 30013, and IBA FC65‐P, were employed. Fully corrected charge readings obtained for the three chambers according to AAPM TG‐51 and the Addendum to TG‐51, which included the correction for the radiation beam profile (Prp), showed variations of 0.2% and 0.3% at 6 and 10 MV, respectively, from the readings corresponding to IAEA TRS‐398 and JSMP 12. The values for the beam quality conversion factor kQ obtained according to the three protocols agreed within 0.5%; the only exception was a 0.6% difference between the results obtained at 10 MV for Exradin A12 according to IAEA TRS‐398 and AAPM TG‐51 and the Addendum to TG‐51. Consequently, the values for the absorbed dose to water obtained for the three protocols agreed within 0.4%; the only exception was a 0.6% difference between the values obtained at 10 MV for PTW 30013 according to AAPM TG‐51 and the Addendum to TG‐51, and JSMP 12. While the difference in the absorbed dose to water determined by the three protocols depends on the kQ and Prp values, the absorbed dose to water obtained according to the three protocols agrees within the relative uncertainties for the three protocols.
Trends and Determinants of Osteoporosis Treatment and Screening in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Compared to Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ozen Gulsen , Kamen Diane L. , Mikuls Ted R. , England Bryant R. , Wolfe Frederick , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo profile osteoporosis (OP) care in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) over the past decade.MethodsPatients with RA or osteoarthritis (OA) were followed from 2003 through 2014. OP care was defined as receipt of OP treatment (with the exception of calcium/vitamin D) or screening (OPTS). Adjusted trends over followup, and the factors associated with OP care, were examined using multivariable Cox proportional hazards.ResultsOPTS was reported in 67.4% of 11,669 RA patients and in 64.6% of 2,829 OA patients during a median (interquartile range) 5.5 (2–9) years of followup. In patients for whom treatment was recommended by the 2010 American College of Rheumatology (ACR) glucocorticoid‐induced OP (GIOP) guidelines (48.4% of RA patients and 17.6% of OA patients), approximately 55% overall reported OP medication use. RA patients were not more likely to undergo OPTS compared to OA patients (hazard ratio 1.04 [95% confidence interval 0.94–1.15]). Adjusted models showed a stable trend for OPTS between 2004 and 2008 compared to 2003, with a significant downward trend after 2008 in both RA and OA patients. Factors associated with receipt of OP care in RA patients were older age, postmenopausal state, prior fragility fracture or diagnosis of OP, any duration of glucocorticoid treatment, and use of biologic agents.ConclusionApproximately half of RA patients for whom treatment was indicated never received an OP medication. OP care in RA patients was not better than in OA patients, and the relative risk of the application of this care has been decreasing in RA and OA patients since 2008 without improvement after the release of the 2010 ACR GIOP guideline.
A framework of iterative learning control under random data dropouts: Mean square and almost sure convergence
Authors: Shen Dong , Xu Jian‐Xin 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis paper addresses the iterative learning control problem under random data dropout environments. The recent progress on iterative learning control in the presence of data dropouts is first reviewed from 3 aspects, namely, data dropout model, data dropout position, and convergence meaning. A general framework is then proposed for the convergence analysis of all 3 kinds of data dropout models, namely, the stochastic sequence model, the Bernoulli variable model, and the Markov chain model. Both mean square and almost sure convergence of the input sequence to the desired input are strictly established for noise‐free systems and stochastic systems, respectively, where the measurement output suffers from random data dropouts. Illustrative simulations are provided to verify the theoretical results.
Activated Neutral Alumina as a Simple and Reusable Catalyst for the Synthesis of N,N‐Bis[(alkyl/arylthio)methyl]amines: A Solid‐Supported Protocol Under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Mondal Animesh , Mukhopadhyay Chhanda 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe developed a straightforward and environmentally benign process for the synthesis of N,N‐bis[(alkyl/arylthio)methyl]amines using neutral alumina as a highly effective and reusable catalyst under solvent‐free conditions. It was found that the use of neutral alumina afforded the desired products in shorter times and in better yields compared to traditional methodologies, perhaps with the help of water molecules trapped into the grooves of the alumina.
Ultrathin Cell‐Membrane‐Mimic Phosphorylcholine Polymer Film Coating Enables Large Improvements for In Vivo Electrochemical Detection
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Xiao Tongfang , Wu Fei , Shen Mo‐Yuan , Zhang Meining , Yu Hsiao‐hua , Mao Lanqun 
Published: August 2017

AbstractResisting biomolecule adsorption onto the surface of brain‐implanted microelectrodes is a key issue for in vivo monitoring of neurochemicals. Herein, we demonstrate that an ultrathin cell‐membrane‐mimic film of ethylenedioxythiophene tailored with zwitterionic phosphorylcholine (EDOT‐PC) electropolymerized onto the surface of a carbon fiber microelectrode (CFE) not only resists protein adsorption but also maintains the sensitivity and time response for in vivo monitoring of dopamine (DA). As a consequence, the as‐prepared PEDOT‐PC/CFEs could be used as a new reliable platform for tracking DA in vivo and would help understand the physiological and pathological functions of DA.
Radical‐Enhanced Charge Transport in Single‐Molecule Phenothiazine Electrical Junctions
Authors: Liu Junyang , Zhao Xiaotao , Al‐Galiby Qusiy , Huang Xiaoyan , Zheng Jueting , Li Ruihao , Huang Cancan , Yang Yang , Shi Jia , Manrique David Zsolt , Lambert Colin J. , Bryce Martin R. , Hong Wenjing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe studied the single‐molecule conductance through an acid oxidant triggered phenothiazine (PTZ‐) based radical junction using the mechanically controllable break junction technique. The electrical conductance of the radical state was enhanced by up to 200 times compared to the neutral state, with high stability lasting for at least two months and high junction formation probability at room‐temperature. Theoretical studies revealed that the conductance increase is due to a significant decrease of the HOMO–LUMO gap and also the enhanced transmission close to the HOMO orbital when the radical forms. The large conductance enhancement induced by the formation of the stable PTZ radical molecule will lead to promising applications in single‐molecule electronics and spintronics.
Influence of Surface Morphology and Conductivity on Photocatalytic Performance of Solution‐Processed Zinc Oxide Film
Authors: Hong Jeongsoo , Matsushita Nobuhiro , Shirai Takashi , Nakata Kazuya , Terashima Chiaki , Fujishima Akira , Katsumata Ken‐ichi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSolution‐processed ZnO films with various structures have been fabricated and the influence of surface morphology and conductivity on photocatalytic performance, including improvement of conductivity, hydrogen production, and photodegradation of rhodamine B, has been investigated. Surface morphology was controlled by solution conditions, and as‐fabricated films had rod, dense, and flower‐like structures. Improved conductivity was revealed by the photocatalytic activity of ZnO, the influence of surface morphology on the photodegradation of rhodamine B, and the relationship with conductivity and hydrogen production.
The Role of Inference in Attribute Framing Effects
Authors: Leong Lim M. , McKenzie Craig R. M. , Sher Shlomi , Müller‐Trede Johannes 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrevious research has shown that a speaker's choice between logically equivalent frames is influenced by reference point information, and that listeners draw accurate inferences based on the frame. Less clear, however, is whether these inferences play a causal role in generating attribute framing effects. Two experiments are reported, which suggest that frame‐dependent inferences are sufficient to generate attribute framing effects, and that blocking such inferences may block framing effects. Experiment 1 decomposed the typical framing design into two parts: One group of participants saw a target described in one of two attribute frames and reported their estimates (inferences) of the typical attribute value. These estimates were then given to a second group of yoked participants, who evaluated the target. Although this latter group was not exposed to different attribute frames, they nevertheless exhibited a “framing effect” as a result of receiving systematically different inferences. In contrast, Experiment 2 shows that experts—who are familiar with an attribute's distribution and are therefore less likely to draw strong frame‐based inferences—exhibit a diminished framing effect. Together, these findings underscore the role of inferences in the generation and attenuation of attribute framing effects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical Projection Tomography with a Tissue Clearing Agent for Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Studies
Authors: Magsam Alexander W. , Johnson Michael , Villani Thomas , Pierce Mark C. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDevelopmental and reproductive toxicology (DART) testing represents an expensive and time‐consuming stage in determining the toxicological profile of new chemical entities. Within DART studies, morphological evaluation of fetal skeletons for developmental abnormalities typically requires 7 to 14 days. Current processing techniques involve digestion of soft tissue using a strong base (KOH), followed by qualitative assessment of the remaining skeletal tissue by a fetal morphologist. Micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) has been proposed as a nondestructive image‐based alternative for quantitative assessment of skeletal morphology. Such methods eliminate the need for extensive tissue processing and can be paired with quantitative analysis algorithms. However, due to the significant capital and operational expenses required for micro‐CT imaging, this approach has yet to gain widespread traction and regulatory acceptance.MethodsA novel tissue clearing agent was used in 1‐week‐old rats to render soft tissue optically transparent. Alizarin red was used to stain the skeleton. High dynamic range optical trans‐illumination images were then acquired with an optical‐CT imaging system and rendered as three‐dimensional images of skeletal structure.ResultsHigh dynamic range–based optical‐CT imaging of chemically cleared tissues can rapidly generate high resolution (50–250 μm) reconstructions of whole skeletons.ConclusionIn summary, this study demonstrates that the combination of tissue clearing, optical imaging, and novel reconstruction algorithms may present a new paradigm for high‐throughput evaluation of tissues in DART testing. Birth Defects Research 110:12–16, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.