bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Re-evaluating black carbon in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau: concentrations and deposition
Authors: Li Chaoliu , Yan Fangping , Kang Shichang , Chen Pengfei , Han Xiaowen , Hu Zhaofu , Zhang Guoshuai , Hong Ye , Gao Shaopeng , Qu Bin , Zhu Zhejing , Li Jiwei , Chen Bing , Sillanpää Mika 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is the second most important warming component in the atmosphere after CO2. The BC in the Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau (HTP) has influenced the Indian monsoon and accelerated the retreat of glaciers, resulting in serious consequences for billions of Asian residents. Although a number of related studies have been conducted in this region, the BC concentrations and deposition rates remain poorly constrained. Because of the presence of arid environments and the potential influence of carbonates in mineral dust (MD), the reported BC concentrations in the HTP are overestimated. In addition, large discrepancies have been reported among the BC deposition derived from lake cores, ice cores, snow pits and models. Therefore, the actual BC concentration and deposition values in this sensitive region must be determined. A comparison between the BC concentrations in acid (HCl)-treated and untreated total suspected particle samples from the HTP showed that the BC concentrations previously reported for the Nam Co station (central part of the HTP) and the Everest station (northern slope of the central Himalayas) were overestimated by approximately 52 ± 35 and 39 ± 24 %, respectively, because of the influence of carbonates in MD. Additionally, the organic carbon (OC) levels were overestimated by approximately 22 ± 10 and 22 ± 12 % for the same reason. Based on previously reported values from the study region, we propose that the actual BC concentrations at the Nam Co and Everest stations are 61 and 154 ng m−3, respectively. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparison of the BC deposition rates obtained via different methods indicated that the deposition of BC in HTP lake cores was mainly related to river sediment transport from the lake basin as a result of climate change (e.g., increases in temperature and precipitation) and that relatively little BC deposition occurred via atmospheric deposition. Therefore, previously reported BC deposition rates from lake cores overestimated the atmospheric deposition of BC in the HTP. Correspondingly, BC deposition derived from snow pits and ice cores agreed well with that derived from models, implying that the BC depositions of these two methods reflect the actual values in the HTP. Therefore, based on reported values from snow pits and ice cores, we propose that the BC deposition in the HTP is 17. 9 ± 5. 3 mg m−2 a−1, with higher and lower values appearing along the fringes and central areas of the HTP, respectively. These adjusted BC concentrations and deposition values in the HTP are critical for performing accurate evaluations of other BC factors, such as atmospheric distribution, radiative forcing and chemical transport in the HTP.
Deriving the slit functions from OMI solar observations and its implications for ozone-profile retrieval
Authors: Sun Kang , Liu Xiong , Huang Guanyu , González Abad Gonzalo , Cai Zhaonan , Chance Kelly , Yang Kai 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) has been successfully measuring the Earth's atmospheric composition since 2004, but the on-orbit behavior of its slit functions has not been thoroughly characterized. Preflight measurements of slit functions have been used as a static input in many OMI retrieval algorithms. This study derives on-orbit slit functions from the OMI irradiance spectra assuming various function forms, including standard and super-Gaussian functions and a stretch to the preflight slit functions. The on-orbit slit functions in the UV bands show U-shaped cross-track dependences that cannot be fully represented by the preflight ones. The full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of the stretched preflight slit functions for detector pixels at large viewing angles are up to 30 % larger than the nadir pixels for the UV1 band, 5 % larger for the UV2 band, and practically flat in the VIS band. Nonetheless, the on-orbit changes of OMI slit functions are found to be insignificant over time after accounting for the solar activity, despite of the decaying of detectors and the occurrence of OMI row anomaly. Applying the derived on-orbit slit functions to ozone-profile retrieval shows substantial improvements over the preflight slit functions based on comparisons with ozonesonde validations.
A 14-year dataset of in situ glacier surface velocities for a tidewater and a land-terminating glacier in Livingston Island, Antarctica
Authors: Machío Francisco , Rodríguez-Cielos Ricardo , Navarro Francisco , Lapazaran Javier , Otero Jaime 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We present a 14-year record of in situ glacier surface velocities determined by repeated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) measurements in a dense network of 52 stakes distributed across two glaciers, Johnsons (tidewater) and Hurd (land-terminating), located on Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. The measurements cover the time period 2000–2013 and were collected at the beginning and end of each austral summer season. A second-degree polynomial approximation is fitted to each stake position, which allows estimating the approximate positions and associated velocities at intermediate times. This dataset is useful as input data for numerical models of glacier dynamics or for the calibration and validation of remotely sensed velocities for a region where very scarce in situ glacier surface velocity measurements have been available so far. The link to the data repository is as follows: http://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.846791.
Improvements to the WRF-Chem 3.5.1 model for quasi-hemispheric simulations of aerosols and ozone in the Arctic
Authors: Marelle Louis , Raut Jean-Christophe , Law Kathy S. , Berg Larry K. , Fast Jerome D. , Easter Richard C. , Shrivastava Manish , Thomas Jennie L. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. In this study, the WRF-Chem regional model is updated to improve simulated short-lived pollutants (e.g., aerosols, ozone) in the Arctic. Specifically, we include in WRF-Chem 3.5.1 (with SAPRC-99 gas-phase chemistry and MOSAIC aerosols) (1) a correction to the sedimentation of aerosols, (2) dimethyl sulfide (DMS) oceanic emissions and gas-phase chemistry, (3) an improved representation of the dry deposition of trace gases over seasonal snow, and (4) an UV-albedo dependence on snow and ice cover for photolysis calculations. We also (5) correct the representation of surface temperatures over melting ice in the Noah Land Surface Model and (6) couple and further test the recent KF-CuP (Kain–Fritsch + Cumulus Potential) cumulus parameterization that includes the effect of cumulus clouds on aerosols and trace gases. The updated model is used to perform quasi-hemispheric simulations of aerosols and ozone, which are evaluated against surface measurements of black carbon (BC), sulfate, and ozone as well as airborne measurements of BC in the Arctic. The updated model shows significant improvements in terms of seasonal aerosol cycles at the surface and root mean square errors (RMSEs) for surface ozone, aerosols, and BC aloft, compared to the base version of the model and to previous large-scale evaluations of WRF-Chem in the Arctic. These improvements are mostly due to the inclusion of cumulus effects on aerosols and trace gases in KF-CuP (improved RMSE for surface BC and BC profiles, surface sulfate, and surface ozone), the improved surface temperatures over sea ice (surface ozone, BC, and sulfate), and the updated trace gas deposition and UV albedo over snow and ice (improved RMSE and correlation for surface ozone). DMS emissions and chemistry improve surface sulfate at all Arctic sites except Zeppelin, and correcting aerosol sedimentation has little influence on aerosols except in the upper troposphere.
Low-cost, in-liquid measuring system using a novel compact oscillation circuit and quartz-crystal microbalances (QCMs) as a versatile biosensor platform
Authors: Beißner Stefan , Thies Jan-Wilhelm , Bechthold Christopher , Kuhn Philipp , Thürmann Bettina , Dübel Stefan , Dietzel Andreas 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Quartz-crystal microbalances (QCMs) are commercially available mass sensors which mainly consist of a quartz resonator that oscillates at a characteristic frequency, which shifts when mass changes due to surface binding of molecules. In addition to mass changes, the viscosity of gases or liquids in contact with the sensor also shifts the resonance but also influences the quality factor (Q-factor). Typical biosensor applications demand operation in liquid environments leading to viscous damping strongly lowering Q-factors. For obtaining reliable measurements in liquid environments, excellent resonator control and signal processing are essential but standard resonator circuits like the Pierce and Colpitts oscillator fail to establish stable resonances. Here we present a low-cost, compact and robust oscillator circuit comprising of state-of-the-art commercially available surface-mount technology components which stimulates the QCMs oscillation, while it also establishes a control loop regulating the applied voltage. Thereby an increased energy dissipation by strong viscous damping in liquid solutions can be compensated and oscillations are stabilized. The presented circuit is suitable to be used in compact biosensor systems using custom-made miniaturized QCMs in microfluidic environments. As a proof of concept we used this circuit in combination with a customized microfabricated QCM in a microfluidic environment to measure the concentration of C-reactive protein (CRP) in buffer (PBS) down to concentrations as low as 5 µg mL−1.
APORTES DE LA CULTURA DEL TRABAJO A LA ALIMENTACIÓN DE LOS POBLADORES DE LA RESERVA NATURAL ESTERO PADRE RAMOS
Authors: Velásquez Hernández José Ramón 
Published: October 2017

En relación entre naturaleza y cultura, se refleja de manera directa en la interacción entre las comunidades de: Kilaca, Padre Ramos y Venecia con la Reserva Natural Estero Padre Ramos.Este vínculo les proporciona los recursos necesarios para su auto sostenibilidad, alimentos para el consumo familiar o como un medio para conseguir otros alimentos que ellos no producen, a través de la comercialización. Todo esto se logra por medio de la organización del trabajo de las unidades domésticas en estas comunidades rurales.
Transición a la edad adulta en jóvenes vulnerables. Efectos de una intervención sociocomunitaria en el barrio de Las Remudas, Gran Canaria, España
Authors: Ruiz Callado Rául , Martínez Cía Nieves 
Published: October 2017

Este estudio analiza el caso de un barrio vulnerable donde se ha desarrollado una intervención sociocomunitaria, entre los años 2002 y 2012, para la mejora de la salud y la calidad de vida comunitaria, especialmente de su población joven. <br />El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la experiencia biográfica de los jóvenes e indagar a propósito de la influencia de la intervención en sus trayectorias de vida. <br />Metodología: Desde una perspectiva cualitativa, a través de la observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y análisis documental, se reflexiona sobre la eficacia social y los beneficios percibidos de la intervención en la comunidad. <br />Los resultados muestran un relevante y positivo impacto sobre la cohesión social y la convivencia comunitaria. En el caso de los jóvenes, se reconoce el cambio de orientación de algunas trayectorias, evitando la exclusión y con una clara mejora de su entorno relacional, de su autoestima y mostrando el desarrollo de habilidades sociales que han favorecido su transición a la edad adulta.<br />Conclusión: Este artículo invita a la reflexión sobre la eficacia las intervenciones destinadas al cambio social, su sostenibilidad en el tiempo y sus limitaciones. Es una propuesta, basada en el ejemplo real, de la aplicación de políticas sociales y de salud dirigidas a la juventud en desventaja social. <br /><br />
Intervenciones antibullying desarrolladas por enfermeros: revisión integradora de la literatura
Authors: Silva Marta Angélica Iossi , Monteiro Estela Maria Leite Meirelles , Braga Iara Falleiros , Ferriani Maria das Graças Bomfim de Carvalho , Pereira Beatriz , Oliveira Wanderlei Abadio de 
Published: October 2017

<p>Objetivos: Identificar y describir las intervenciones antibullying realizadas por enfermeros. <br />Método: Revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en seis bases de datos (CINAHL, LILACS, PsycINFO, PUBMED, SciELO y Web of Science), utilizando en las buscas descriptores relacionados al fenómeno y a la enfermería. La pregunta que orientó la investigación fue: “¿Cuáles son las intervenciones antibullying desarrolladas en escuelas con la participación de enfermeros?”. Resultados: Cinco artículos compusieron el corpus de análisis de la revisión. Los resultados indicaron una variedad de enfoques en las intervenciones realizadas (dramatización/teatro, grupo de apoyo, multidimensional y vídeos). <br />Conclusión: La revisión presenta conocimientos que pueden orientar prácticas y programas de intervención antibullying a ser desarrollados por enfermeros o equipos de salud en Brasil.</p><p> </p>
Influence of exercise duration on cardiorespiratory responses, energy cost and tissue oxygenation within a 6 hour treadmill run
Authors: Kerhervé Hugo A. , McLean Scott , Birkenhead Karen , Parr David , Solomon Colin 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe physiological mechanisms for alterations in oxygen utilization ($\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$) and the energy cost of running (Cr) during prolonged running are not completely understood, and could be linked with alterations in muscle and cerebral tissue oxygenation.MethodsEight trained ultramarathon runners (three women; mean ± SD; age 37 ± 7 yr; maximum $\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ 60 ± 15 mL min−1 kg−1) completed a 6 hr treadmill run (6TR), which consisted of four modules, including periods of moderate (3 min at 10 km h−1, 10-CR) and heavy exercise intensities (6 min at 70% of maximum $\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, HILL), separated by three, 100 min periods of self-paced running (SP). We measured $\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, minute ventilation (${\dot {\mathrm{V }}}_{\mathrm{E}}$), ventilatory efficiency (${\dot {\mathrm{V }}}_{\mathrm{E}}:\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$), respiratory exchange ratio (RER),Cr, muscle and cerebral tissue saturation index (TSI) during the modules, and heart rate (HR) and perceived exertion (RPE) during the modules and SP.ResultsParticipants ran 58.3 ± 10.5 km during 6TR. Speed decreased and HR and RPE increased during SP. Across the modules, HR and $\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ increased (10-CR), and RER decreased (10-CR and HILL). There were no significant changes in ${\dot {\mathrm{V }}}_{\mathrm{E}}$, ${\dot {\mathrm{V }}}_{\mathrm{E}}:\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$,Cr, TSI and RPE across the modules.ConclusionsIn the context of positive pacing (decreasing speed), increased cardiac drift and perceived exertion over the 6TR, we observed increased RER and increased HR at moderate and heavy exercise intensity, increased $\dot {\mathrm{V }}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at moderate intensity, and no effect of exercise duration on ventilatory efficiency, energy cost of running and tissue oxygenation.
Clinical outcomes of residual or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with endoscopic nasopharyngectomy plus chemoradiotherapy or with chemoradiotherapy alone: a retrospective study
Authors: Weng Jingjin , Wei Jiazhang , Si Jinyuan , Qin Yangda , Li Min , Liu Fei , Si Yongfeng , Su Jiping 
Published: October 2017

Background
Local residual and recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) generally shows treatment failure after standard radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy. Whether endoscopic nasopharyngectomy might provide an additional therapeutic advantage remains controversial. Therefore, we retrospectively compared the clinical prognoses of patients with residual or recurrent NPC treated with endoscopic nasopharyngectomy combined with chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with those of patients treated with CRT alone.

Methods and Materials
A total of sixty-two patients with local residual or recurrent NPC were studied retrospectively: 36 patients received endoscopic nasopharyngectomy combined with CRT, whereas 26 patients who refused the surgery or had surgical contraindications received CRT alone. Serum Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA levels were measured pre- and post-treatment. The differences in prognosis between the two treatment regimens and the pre- and post-treatment changes in EBV-DNA levels were analyzed.

Results
The median follow-up time was 31 months, with a 3-year overall survival (OS) of 51.40% and a 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) of 46.86%. The surgery + CRT group had a better OS than the CRT alone group did (χ2 = 4.054, P = 0.044). The pretreatment EBV-DNA levels showed a positive correlation with the clinical staging of recurrent NPC (χ2 = 11.674, P = 0.009). Patients with negative pretreatment serum EBV-DNA levels showed a superior OS to those of patients who tested positive for EBV-DNA (>0 copy/mL) (χ2 = 9.833, P = 0.002). The post-treatment EBV-DNA levels, compared with the pretreatment levels, decreased significantly in the surgery + CRT group (Z = − 3.484, P = 0.000). In contrast, the EBV-DNA levels after CRT alone did not decrease significantly (Z = − 1.956, P = 0.051). Multivariate analysis indicated that local staging, pretreatment EBV-DNA load, and the treatment method were independent risk factors for OS. Subgroup analysis indicated that the patients who tested negative for EBV-DNA before the treatment and those who received surgery + CRT showed a better OS than those who received CRT alone.

Conclusions
The pretreatment serum EBV-DNA level was associated with disease prognosis. The combination therapy preceded by surgery can effectively decrease the copy number of EBV-DNA. Patients with local intermediate- and late-stage NPC, especially those negative for EBV-DNA, may consider opting for surgery followed by post-operative adjuvant radiotherapy or chemotherapy.
Comment on “A Simple Model for Regolith Formation by Chemical Weathering” by Braun et al.: Contradictory Concentrations and a Tale of Two Velocities
Authors: Harman Ciaran J. , Cosans Cassandra L. , Putnam Shane M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn intriguing model has been presented predicting that the rate of deepening of the critical zone is proportional to lateral hydraulic gradients in a hillslope's perched aquifer. Unfortunately, the model is based on assumptions that lead to a contradiction and the prediction that discharge concentrations are supersaturated with respect to weathering products. Consequently, the remainder of the paper's deductions from the model cannot be regarded as valid. A corrected version of the model implies that deepening of the critical zone is proportional to local recharge, and not to lateral water table gradients.
Future Changes to El Niño–Southern Oscillation Temperature and Precipitation Teleconnections
Authors: Perry Sarah J. , McGregor Shayne , Gupta Alex Sen , England Matthew H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPotential changes to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) resulting from climate change may have far reaching impacts through atmospheric teleconnections. Here ENSO temperature and precipitation teleconnections between the historical and high‐emission future simulations are compared in 40 models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project. Focusing on the global land area only, we show that there are robust increases in the spatial extent of ENSO teleconnections during austral summer in 2040–2089 of ~19% for temperature and ~12% for precipitation in the multimodel mean (MMM), relative to the 1950–1999 period. The MMM further shows that the expansion of ENSO teleconnection extent is at least partly related to a strengthening of ENSO teleconnections over continental regions; however, a consistent strengthening is not found across the individual models. This suggests that while more land may be affected by ENSO, the existing teleconnections may not be simply strengthened.
Florida Current Salinity and Salinity Transport: Mean and Decadal Changes
Authors: Szuts Zoltan B. , Meinen Christopher S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Florida Current (FC) contributes to Atlantic circulation by carrying the western boundary flow of the subtropical gyre and the upper branch of meridional overturning circulation. Repeated FC hydrographic (velocity, salinity, and temperature) sections during 1982–1987 and 2001–2015 characterize its water mass structure and associated transport variability. On average, FC volume transport comes from subtropical North Atlantic water (NAW, 44%), Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW, 14%), surface water (SW, 27%), and an indistinct source (Rem 15%), while salinity transport relative to the average salinity along 26°N comes from NAW (55%), AAIW (0.2%), SW (30%), and Rem (15%). From 1982–1987 to 2001–2015, NAW, AAIW, and Rem salinified by 0.03–0.16 g kg−1 and increased the salinity anomaly transport by 3%. These patterns imply that advective salt transport by the FC (1) is sensitive to subtropical North Atlantic variability and (2) is partially decoupled from the volumetric pathway of the upper overturning branch.
Global Floods and Water Availability Driven by Atmospheric Rivers
Authors: Paltan Homero , Waliser Duane , Lim Wee Ho , Guan Bin , Yamazaki Dai , Pant Raghav , Dadson Simon 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWhile emerging regional evidence shows that atmospheric rivers (ARs) can exert strong impacts on local water availability and flooding, their role in shaping global hydrological extremes has not yet been investigated. Here we quantify the relative contribution of ARs variability to both flood hazard and water availability. We find that globally, precipitation from ARs contributes 22% of total global runoff, with a number of regions reaching 50% or more. In areas where their influence is strongest, ARs may increase the occurrence of floods by 80%, while absence of ARs may increase the occurrence of hydrological droughts events by up to 90%. We also find that ~300 million people are exposed to additional floods and droughts due the occurrence of ARs. ARs provide a source of hydroclimatic variability whose beneficial or damaging effects depend on the capacity of water resources managers to predict and adapt to them.
Rapid Pitch Angle Evolution of Suprathermal Electrons Behind Dipolarization Fronts
Authors: Liu C. M. , Fu H. S. , Cao J. B. , Xu Y. , Yu Y. Q. , Kronberg E. A. , Daly P. W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe pitch angle distribution (PAD) of suprathermal electrons can have both spatial and temporal evolution in the magnetotail and theoretically can be an indication of electron energization/cooling processes there. So far, the spatial evolution of PAD has been well studied, leaving the temporal evolution as an open question. To reveal the temporal evolution of electron PAD, spacecraft should monitor the same flux tube for a relatively long period, which is not easy in the dynamic magnetotail. In this study, we present such an observation by Cluster spacecraft in the magnetotail behind a dipolarization front (DF). We find that the PAD of suprathermal electrons can evolve from pancake type to butterfly type during <4 s and then to cigar type during <8 s. During this process, the flow velocity is nearly zero and the plasma entropy is constant, meaning that the evolution is temporal. We interpret such temporal evolution using the betatron cooling process, which is driven by quasi‐adiabatic expansion of flux tubes, and the magnetic mirror effect, which possibly exists behind the DF as well.