bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ergebnisqualität einer web-basierten Tele-Nachsorge nach stationärer medizinischer Rehabilitation Alkoholabhängiger
Authors: Missel Peter , Kramer Dietmar , Arens Julia 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung. Ziele der vorliegenden Studie waren eine erfolgreiche Implementierung chatbasierter Nachsorge nach stationärer Rehabilitation Alkoholabhängiger, eine Sicherung des Erhalts einer abstinenten Lebensweise im Alltag sowie die Überwindung der poststationären Schnittstellenproblematik. Methodik. Die prospektive, randomisierte Längsschnittstudie (Experimentalgruppe (EG): wöchentliche Gruppentherapie im Chat; Kontrollgruppe (KG): monatlicher Telefonkontakt) wurde in zwei Fachkliniken für Abhängigkeitserkrankungen durchgeführt (NGesamt = 268). Beide Interventionen fanden über sechs Monate nach Entlassung aus der Rehabilitation statt. Als Datenbasis dienten eine standardisierte Basisdokumentation und Katamnestik, psychometrische Fragebögen, Instrumente zur Erfassung von Rückfällen, Nachsorgeverhalten und zur Programmevaluation. Ergebnisse. Die Abstinenzquoten wurden nach den Standards der DGSS (DGSS 1 – 4) berechnet. Sechs Monate nach der stationären Entlassung fiel die Erfolgsquote der EG mit 69,4 % erwartungsgemäß höher aus als die der KG (59,5 %). Die Teilnehmer der Interventionsgruppen wiesen zur 1-Jahres-Katamnese je nach Standard eine um 10 – 20 % höhere Erfolgsquote auf als Patienten einer Vergleichsgruppe (treatment as usual) (p < 0.05). Schlussfolgerungen. Internetbasierte und telefonische Nachsorgekonzepte stellen ein innovatives, bedarfsgerechtes Behandlungsangebot dar, welches die Chance bietet, die Inanspruchnahme von Nachsorgemaßnahmen zu erhöhen.
Exploring a potential impact of a social marketing campaign on reducing oral cancer incidences in Michigan: an ecological study
Authors: Lim Sungwoo , Spavik Georgia , Ismail Amid I 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Objectives/Aims:
The social marketing campaign was launched in 2005–2007 to address excess risk of oral cancer in Detroit tri-county area, Michigan. We assessed the extent to which the campaign might have contributed to decreasing risk of oral cancer using the modified interrupted time-series design.

Materials and Methods:
Oral cancer incidence and mortality data came from Michigan Department of Community Health, and trends of age-adjusted rates during 1990–2009 were compared between intervention and comparison counties via joinpoint regression.

Results:
Although mortality rates in both areas decreased in parallel manner, incidence rates decreased during and after the campaign only in the intervention counties. A similar trend was observed in the race-specific analysis. Alternative explanations, including population profiles, health-care access and pre-existing trends, were examined, and these characteristics were comparable between two areas in 1990s and 2000s.

Conclusions:
These results suggested that the campaign was more likely to be associated with the decreasing trend of oral cancer incidence in the intervention counties than alternative explanations. Although oral cancer is a deadly disease, its awareness has been relatively low. This study highlights a potential impact of concerted efforts to improve the oral cancer awareness in the high-risk communities.
Relative importance of evolutionary dynamics depends on the composition of microbial predator–prey community
Authors: Friman Ville-Petri , Dupont Alessandra , Bass David , Murrell David J , Bell Thomas 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Community dynamics are often studied in subsets of pairwise interactions. Scaling pairwise interactions back to the community level is, however, problematic because one given interaction might not reflect ecological and evolutionary outcomes of other functionally similar species interactions or capture the emergent eco-evolutionary dynamics arising only in more complex communities. Here we studied this experimentally by exposing Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 prey bacterium to four different protist predators (Tetrahymena pyriformis, Tetrahymena vorax, Chilomonas paramecium and Acanthamoeba polyphaga) in all possible single-predator, two-predator and four-predator communities for hundreds of prey generations covering both ecological and evolutionary timescales. We found that only T. pyriformis selected for prey defence in single-predator communities. Although T. pyriformis selection was constrained in the presence of the intraguild predator, T. vorax, T. pyriformis selection led to evolution of specialised prey defence strategies in the presence of C. paramecium or A. polyphaga. At the ecological level, adapted prey populations were phenotypically more diverse, less stable and less productive compared with non-adapted prey populations. These results suggest that predator community composition affects the relative importance of ecological and evolutionary processes and can crucially determine when rapid evolution has the potential to change ecological properties of microbial communities.
Rabphilin 3A retains NMDA receptors at synaptic sites through interaction with GluN2A/PSD-95 complex
Authors: Stanic Jennifer , Carta Mario , Eberini Ivano , Pelucchi Silvia , Marcello Elena , Genazzani Armando A. , Racca Claudia , Mulle Christophe , Di Luca Monica , Gardoni Fabrizio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractNMDA receptor (NMDAR) composition and synaptic retention represent pivotal features in the physiology and pathology of excitatory synapses. Here, we identify Rabphilin 3A (Rph3A) as a new GluN2A subunit-binding partner. Rph3A is known as a synaptic vesicle-associated protein involved in the regulation of exo- and endocytosis processes at presynaptic sites. We find that Rph3A is enriched at dendritic spines. Protein–protein interaction assays reveals that Rph3A N-terminal domain interacts with GluN2A(1349–1389) as well as with PSD-95(PDZ3) domains, creating a ternary complex. Rph3A silencing in neurons reduces the surface localization of synaptic GluN2A and NMDAR currents. Moreover, perturbing GluN2A/Rph3A interaction with interfering peptides in organotypic slices orin vivoinduces a decrease of the amplitude of NMDAR-mediated currents and GluN2A density at dendritic spines. In conclusion, Rph3A interacts with GluN2A and PSD-95 forming a complex that regulates NMDARs stabilization at postsynaptic membranes.
Efficient backbone cyclization of linear peptides by a recombinant asparaginyl endopeptidase
Authors: Harris Karen S. , Durek Thomas , Kaas Quentin , Poth Aaron G. , Gilding Edward K. , Conlan Brendon F. , Saska Ivana , Daly Norelle L. , van der Weerden Nicole L. , Craik David J. , Anderson Marilyn A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCyclotides are diverse plant backbone cyclized peptides that have attracted interest as pharmaceutical scaffolds, but fundamentals of their biosynthetic origin remain elusive. Backbone cyclization is a key enzyme-mediated step of cyclotide biosynthesis and confers a measure of stability on the resultant cyclotide. Furthermore, cyclization would be desirable for engineered peptides. Here we report the identification of four asparaginyl endopeptidases (AEPs), proteases implicated in cyclization, from the cyclotide-producing plant Oldenlandia affinis. We recombinantly express OaAEP1b and find it functions preferably as a cyclase by coupling C-terminal cleavage of propeptide substrates with backbone cyclization. Interestingly, OaAEP1b cannot cleave at the N-terminal site of O. affinis cyclotide precursors, implicating additional proteases in cyclotide biosynthesis. Finally, we demonstrate the broad utility of this enzyme by cyclization of peptides unrelated to cyclotides. We propose that recombinant OaAEP1b is a powerful tool for use in peptide engineering applications where increased stability of peptide products is desired.
Theory and experimental evidence of phonon domains and their roles in pre-martensitic phenomena
Authors: Jin Yongmei M , Wang Yu U , Ren Yang 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPre-martensitic phenomena, also called martensite precursor effects, have been known for decades while yet remain outstanding issues. This paper addresses pre-martensitic phenomena from new theoretical and experimental perspectives. A statistical mechanics-based Grüneisen-type phonon theory is developed. On the basis of deformation-dependent incompletely softened low-energy phonons, the theory predicts a lattice instability and pre-martensitic transition into elastic-phonon domains via ‘phonon spinodal decomposition.’ The phase transition lifts phonon degeneracy in cubic crystal and has a nature of phonon pseudo-Jahn–Teller lattice instability. The theory and notion of phonon domains consistently explain the ubiquitous pre-martensitic anomalies as natural consequences of incomplete phonon softening. The phonon domains are characterised by broken dynamic symmetry of lattice vibrations and deform through internal phonon relaxation in response to stress (a particular case of Le Chatelier’s principle), leading to previously unexplored new domain phenomenon. Experimental evidence of phonon domains is obtained by in situ three-dimensional phonon diffuse scattering and Bragg reflection using high-energy synchrotron X-ray single-crystal diffraction, which observes exotic domain phenomenon fundamentally different from usual ferroelastic domain switching phenomenon. In light of the theory and experimental evidence of phonon domains and their roles in pre-martensitic phenomena, currently existing alternative opinions on martensitic precursor phenomena are revisited.
Zinc enhancement of cytidine deaminase activity highlights a potential allosteric role of loop-3 in regulating APOBEC3 enzymes
Authors: Marx Ailie , Galilee Meytal , Alian Akram 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe strong association of APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases with somatic mutations leading to cancers accentuates the importance of their tight intracellular regulation to minimize cellular transformations. We reveal a novel allosteric regulatory mechanism of APOBEC3 enzymes showing that APOBEC3G and APOBEC3A coordination of a secondary zinc ion, reminiscent to ancestral deoxycytidylate deaminases, enhances deamination activity. Zinc binding is pinpointed to loop-3 which whilst highly variable harbors a catalytically essential and spatially conserved asparagine at its N-terminus. We suggest that loop-3 may play a general role in allosterically tuning the activity of zinc-dependent cytidine deaminase family members.
PDLIM1 inhibits NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling by sequestering the p65 subunit of NF-κB in the cytoplasm
Authors: Ono Rumiko , Kaisho Tsuneyasu , Tanaka Takashi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractUnderstanding the regulatory mechanisms for the NF-κB transcription factor is key to control inflammation. IκBα maintains NF-κB in an inactive form in the cytoplasm of unstimulated cells, whereas nuclear NF-κB in activated cells is degraded by PDLIM2, a nuclear ubiquitin E3 ligase that belongs to a LIM protein family. How NF-κB activation is negatively controlled, however, is not completely understood. Here we show that PDLIM1, another member of LIM proteins, negatively regulates NF-κB-mediated signaling in the cytoplasm. PDLIM1 sequestered p65 subunit of NF-κB in the cytoplasm and suppressed its nuclear translocation in an IκBα-independent, but α-actinin-4-dependent manner. Consistently, PDLIM1 deficiency lead to increased levels of nuclear p65 protein and thus enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production in response to innate stimuli. These studies reveal an essential role of PDLIM1 in suppressing NF-κB activation and suggest that LIM proteins comprise a new family of negative regulators of NF-κB signaling through different mechanisms.
The realization of the dipole (γ, γ) method and its application to determine the absolute optical oscillator strengths of helium
Authors: Xu Long-Quan , Liu Ya-Wei , Kang Xu , Ni Dong-Dong , Yang Ke , Hiraoka Nozomu , Tsuei Ku-Ding , Zhu Lin-Fan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe dipole (γ, γ) method, which is the inelastic x-ray scattering operated at a negligibly small momentum transfer, is proposed and realized to determine the absolute optical oscillator strengths of the vanlence-shell excitations of atoms and molecules. Compared with the conventionally used photoabsorption method, this new method is free from the line saturation effect, which can seriously limit the accuracies of the measured photoabsorption cross sections for discrete transitions with narrow natural linewidths. Furthermore, the Bethe-Born conversion factor of the dipole (γ, γ) method varies much more slowly with the excitation energy than does that of the dipole (e, e) method. Absolute optical oscillator strengths for the excitations of 1s2 → 1 snp(n = 3 − 7) of atomic helium have been determined using the high-resolution dipole (γ, γ) method and the excellent agreement of the present measurements with both those measured by the dipole (e, e) method and the previous theoretical calculations indicates that the dipole (γ, γ) method is a powerful tool to measure the absolute optical oscillator strengths of the valence-shell excitations of atoms and molecules.
Effects of electrical stimulation on rat limb regeneration, a new look at an old model
Authors: Leppik Liudmila P. , Froemel Dara , Slavici Andrei , Ovadia Zachri N. , Hudak Lukasz , Henrich Dirk , Marzi Ingo , Barker John H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractLimb loss is a devastating disability and while current treatments provide aesthetic and functional restoration, they are associated with complications and risks. The optimal solution would be to harness the body’s regenerative capabilities to regrow new limbs. Several methods have been tried to regrow limbs in mammals, but none have succeeded. One such attempt, in the early 1970s, used electrical stimulation and demonstrated partial limb regeneration. Several researchers reproduced these findings, applying low voltage DC electrical stimulation to the stumps of amputated rat forelimbs reporting “blastema and new bone, bone marrow, cartilage, nerve, skin, muscle and epiphyseal plate formation”. In spite of these encouraging results this research was discontinued. Recently there has been renewed interest in studying electrical stimulation, primarily at a cellular and subcellular level and studies have demonstrated changes in stem cell behavior with increased proliferation, differentiation, matrix formation and migration, all important in tissue regeneration. We applied electrical stimulation, in vivo, to the stumps of amputated rat limbs and observed significant new bone, cartilage and vessel formation and prevention of neuroma formation. These findings demonstrate that electricity stimulates tissue regeneration and form the basis for further research leading to possible new treatments for regenerating limbs.
Adipose tissue fatty acid chain length and mono-unsaturation increases with obesity and insulin resistance
Authors: Yew Tan Chong , Virtue Samuel , Murfitt Steven , Roberts Lee D. , Phua Yi Hui , Dale Martin , Griffin Julian L. , Tinahones Francisco , Scherer Philipp E. , Vidal-Puig Antonio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe non-essential fatty acids, C18:1n9, C16:0, C16:1n7, C18:0 and C18:1n7 account for over 75% of fatty acids in white adipose (WAT) triacylglycerol (TAG). The relative composition of these fatty acids (FA) is influenced by the desaturases, SCD1-4 and the elongase, ELOVL6. In knock-out models, loss of SCD1 or ELOVL6 results in reduced Δ9 desaturated and reduced 18-carbon non-essential FA respectively. Both Elovl6 KO and SCD1 KO mice exhibit improved insulin sensitivity. Here we describe the relationship between WAT TAG composition in obese mouse models and obese humans stratified for insulin resistance. In mouse models with increasing obesity and insulin resistance, there was an increase in scWAT Δ9 desaturated FAs (SCD ratio) and FAs with 18-carbons (Elovl6 ratio) in mice. Data from mouse models discordant for obesity and insulin resistance (AKT2 KO, Adiponectin aP2-transgenic), suggested that scWAT TAG Elovl6 ratio was associated with insulin sensitivity, whereas SCD1 ratio was associated with fat mass. In humans, a greater SCD1 and Elovl6 ratio was found in metabolically more harmful visceral adipose tissue when compared to subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Homogeneity of lithium distribution in cylinder-type Li-ion batteries
Authors: Senyshyn A. , Mühlbauer M. J. , Dolotko O. , Hofmann M. , Ehrenberg H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpatially-resolved neutron powder diffraction with a gauge volume of 2 × 2 × 20 mm3 has been applied as an in situ method to probe the lithium concentration in the graphite anode of different Li-ion cells of 18650-type in charged state. Structural studies performed in combination with electrochemical measurements and X-ray computed tomography under real cell operating conditions unambiguously revealed non-homogeneity of the lithium distribution in the graphite anode. Deviations from a homogeneous behaviour have been found in both radial and axial directions of 18650-type cells and were discussed in the frame of cell geometry and electrical connection of electrodes, which might play a crucial role in the homogeneity of the lithium distribution in the active materials within each electrode.
Iron oxide nanoparticle-mediated hyperthermia stimulates dispersal in bacterial biofilms and enhances antibiotic efficacy
Authors: Nguyen Thuy-Khanh , Duong Hien T. T. , Selvanayagam Ramona , Boyer Cyrille , Barraud Nicolas 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe dispersal phase that completes the biofilm lifecycle is of particular interest for its potential to remove recalcitrant, antimicrobial tolerant biofilm infections. Here we found that temperature is a cue for biofilm dispersal and a rise by 5 °C or more can induce the detachment ofPseudomonas aeruginosabiofilms. Temperature upshifts were found to decrease biofilm biomass and increase the number of viable freely suspended cells. The dispersal response appeared to involve the secondary messenger cyclic di-GMP, which is central to a genetic network governing motile to sessile transitions in bacteria. Furthermore, we used poly((oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate)-block-poly(monoacryloxy ethyl phosphate)-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (POEGA-b-PMAEP@IONPs) to induce local hyperthermia in established biofilms upon exposure to a magnetic field. POEGA-b-PMAEP@IONPs were non-toxic to bacteria and when heated induced the detachment of biofilm cells. Finally, combined treatments of POEGA-b-PMAEP@IONPs and the antibiotic gentamicin reduced by 2-log the number of colony-forming units in both biofilm and planktonic phases after 20 min, which represent a 3.2- and 4.1-fold increase in the efficacy against planktonic and biofilm cells, respectively, compared to gentamicin alone. The use of iron oxide nanoparticles to disperse biofilms may find broad applications across a range of clinical and industrial settings.
Ligand-Mediated and Copper-Catalyzed C(sp3)-H Bond Functionalization of Aryl Ketones with Sodium Sulfinates under Mild Conditions
Authors: Lan Xing-Wang , Wang Nai-Xing , Bai Cui-Bing , Zhang Wei , Xing Yalan , Wen Jia-Long , Wang Yan-Jing , Li Yi-He 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA novel and convenient copper (II) bromide and 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.1]undec-7-ene (DBU) or 1,10-phenanthroline catalysis protocol for the construction of α-alkyl-β-keto sulfones via C(sp3)-H bond functionalization followed by C(sp3)-S bond formation between aryl ketones and sodium sulfinates at room temperature has been developed. This method is applicable to a wide range of aryl ketones and sodium sulfinates. The electronic effects of aryl ketones and ligands effects of the copper salts are crucial for this transformation. Typically, substituted aryl ketones with electron-withdrawing group do not need any ligand to give a good to excellent yield, while substituted aryl ketones with electron-donating group and electron-rich heteroaromatic ketones offer a good to excellent yield only under the nitrogen-based ligands. The practical value of this transformation highlights the efficient and robust one-pot synthesis of α-alkyl-β-keto sulfones.
Dose-volume relationships for moderate or severe neck muscle atrophy after intensity-modulated radiotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Lu-Lu , Wang Xiao-Ju , Zhou Guan-Qun , Tang Ling-Long , Lin Ai-Hua , Ma Jun , Sun Ying 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis study aimed to identify the dosimetric parameters and radiation dose tolerances associated with moderate or severe sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) atrophy after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). We retrospectively analysed 138 patients treated with IMRT between 2011 and 2012 for whom IMRT treatment plans and pretreatment and 3-year post-IMRT MRI scans were available. The association between mean dose (Dmean), maximum dose (Dmax), VX (% SCM volume that received more than X Gy), DX (dose to X% of the SCM volume) at X values of 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80 and SCM atrophy at 3 years after IMRT were analyzed. All dosimetric parameters, except V40, V50 and V80, were significantly associated with moderate or severe SCM atrophy. Multivariate analysis showed that V65 was an independent predictor of moderate or severe SCM atrophy (P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated a V65 of 21.47% (area under ROC curves, 0.732; P < 0.001) was the tolerated dose for moderate or severe SCM atrophy. We suggest a limit of 21.47% for V65 to optimize NPC treatment planning, whilst minimizing the risk of moderate or severe SCM atrophy.
Investigation of the dynamic bending properties of MoS2 thin films by interference colours
Authors: Wang Peng , Xiao Si , Li Xiaohong , Lyu Bosai , Huang Yingbao , Cheng Shubo , Huang Han , He Jun , Gao Yongli 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA non-contact method for the observation of the elastic deformation of 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin films using an ordinary optical microscope is reported. A pulsed laser is used to rapidly increase the bending deformation of the MoS2 thin films via heating. The bending angle of the MoS2 thin films shows high stability, changing only 5% in forty days without external forces. However, the bending angle of the MoS2 thin films substantially decreases after being wetted with the volatile polar solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF), because of its low surface tension. By removing the nano-Newton scale forces on the MoS2 thin films, the bending angle increases significantly within 4 minutes and this feature of the thin films shows great potential for use in the fabrication of micro-force sensors. This is the first attempt to study the mechanical properties of 2D materials by optical methods. Further utilization of industrially manufactured MoS2 thin films for detecting micro-force qualitatively on the basis of their excellent bending properties would significantly reduce the production costs of micro-force sensors.