bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined Secretomics and Transcriptomics Revealed Cancer-Derived GDF15 is Involved in Diffuse-Type Gastric Cancer Progression and Fibroblast Activation
Authors: Ishige Takayuki , Nishimura Motoi , Satoh Mamoru , Fujimoto Mai , Fukuyo Masaki , Semba Toshihisa , Kado Sayaka , Tsuchida Sachio , Sawai Setsu , Matsushita Kazuyuki , Togawa Akira , Matsubara Hisahiro , Kaneda Atsushi , Nomura Fumio 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGastric cancer is classified into two subtypes, diffuse and intestinal. The diffuse-type gastric cancer (DGC) has poorer prognosis, and the molecular pathology is not yet fully understood. The purpose of this study was to identify functional secreted molecules involved in DGC progression. We integrated the secretomics of six gastric cancer cell lines and gene expression analysis of gastric cancer tissues with publicly available microarray data. Hierarchical clustering revealed characteristic gene expression differences between diffuse- and intestinal-types. GDF15 was selected as a functional secreted molecule owing to high expression only in fetal tissues. Protein expression of GDF15 was higher in DGC cell lines and tissues. Serum levels of GDF15 were significant higher in DGC patients as compared with healthy individuals and chronic gastritis patients, and positively correlated with wall invasion and lymph node metastasis. In addition, the stimulation of GDF15 on NIH3T3 fibroblast enhanced proliferation and up-regulated expression of extracellular matrix genes, which were similar to TGF-β stimulation. These results indicate that GDF15 contributes to fibroblast activation. In conclusion, this study revealed that GDF15 may be a novel functional secreted molecule for DGC progression, possibly having important roles for cancer progression via the affecting fibroblast function, as well as TGF-β.
A versatile strategy for rapid conditional genome engineering using loxP sites in a small synthetic intron in Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Jones Matthew L. , Das Sujaan , Belda Hugo , Collins Christine R. , Blackman Michael J. , Treeck Moritz 
Published: February 2016

AbstractConditional genome engineering in the human malaria pathogenPlasmodium falciparumremains highly challenging. Here we describe a strategy for facile and rapid functional analysis of genes using an approach based on the Cre/lox system and tailored for organisms with short and few introns. Our method allows the conditional, site-specific removal of genomic sequences of essential and non-essential genes by placingloxPsites into a short synthetic intron to produce a module (loxPint) can be placed anywhere in open reading frames without compromising protein expression. When duplicated, the loxPint module serves as an intragenic recombineering point that can be used for the fusion of gene elements to reporters or the conditional introduction of point mutations. We demonstrate the robustness and versatility of the system by targeting theP. falciparummerozoite surface protein 1 gene (msp1), which has previously proven refractory to genetic interrogation and the parasite exported kinase FIKK10.1.
Vector selection approach‐based hexagonal hysteresis space vector current controller for a three phase diode clamped MLI with capacitor voltage balancing
Authors: Bharatiraja C. , Jeevananthan Seenithangam , Latha Ramachandran , Mohan V. 
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study is to provide a broad idea about current control scheme and equilibrating voltages in DC‐link capacitors of the neutral‐point clamped multilevel inverter (NPC‐MLI), using an innovative hexagonal space vector hysteresis current control (SVHCC) scheme. The main ideology is to force the literal current vector to reach the reference current vector through an appropriate voltage vector selection sequence. This proposed scheme defines two hexagonal hysteresis bands encompassing the error vector, as a first step. With respect to the error vector location, the selection of the adjacent vector is acted to minimise the error vector. In addition to the error vector selection, the capacitor voltage is also equilibrated by controlling the degree of freedom available in selecting the switching vectors. The SVHCC scheme is intelligent in performing modulation depth dependent selection of switching vectors between the groups namely closest three vector and preferred three vector (PTV). This scheme balances the DC‐link capacitors’ voltages within a tolerance limit for any value of modulation index. The proposed scheme is asserted through MATLAB/Simulink software. The superiority of the proposed technique is validated through the 2 kW NPC‐MLI supported with SPARTAN III 3AN –XC3S400 field programmable gate array.
Outcomes following Laminoplasty or Laminectomy and Fusion in Patients with Myelopathy Caused by Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament: A Systematic Review
Authors: Singhatanadgige Weerasak , Limthongkul Worawat , Valone Frank , Yingsakmongkol Wicharn , Riew K. Daniel 
Published: February 2016

Study Design Systematic review. Objective To compare laminoplasty versus laminectomy and fusion in patients with cervical myelopathy caused by OPLL. Methods A systematic review was conducted using PubMed/Medline, Cochrane database, and Google scholar of articles. Only comparative studies in humans were included. Studies involving cervical trauma/fracture, infection, and tumor were excluded. Results Of 157 citations initially analyzed, 4 studies ultimately met our inclusion criteria: one class of evidence (CoE) II prospective cohort study and three CoE III retrospective cohort studies. The prospective cohort study found no significant difference between laminoplasty and laminectomy and fusion in the recovery rate from myelopathy. One CoE III retrospective cohort study reported a significantly higher recovery rate following laminoplasty. Another CoE III retrospective cohort study reported a significantly higher recovery rate in the laminectomy and fusion group. One CoE II prospective cohort study and one CoE III retrospective cohort study found no significant difference in pain improvement between patients treated with laminoplasty versus patients treated with laminectomy and fusion. All four studies reported a higher incidence of C5 palsy following laminectomy and fusion than laminoplasty. One CoE II prospective cohort and one CoE III retrospective cohort reported that there was no significant difference in axial neck pain between the two procedures. One CoE III retrospective cohort study suggested that there was no significant difference between groups in OPLL progression. Conclusion Data from four comparative studies was not sufficient to support the superiority of laminoplasty or laminectomy and fusion in treating cervical myelopathy caused by OPLL.
Clinical Outcomes of Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Patients 80 Years of Age and Older with Lumbar Degenerative Disease: Minimum 2 Years’ Follow-Up
Authors: Hayashi Kazunori , Matsumura Akira , Konishi Sadahiko , Kato Minori , Namikawa Takashi , Nakamura Hiroaki 
Published: February 2016

Study Design Retrospective study. Objective To compare clinical outcomes, radiographic evaluations including bony union rate and incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures (OVFxs), and perioperative complications following posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) between patients ≥80 years of age and those <80 years. Methods Ninety-six patients ≥70 years old who underwent PLIF were reviewed. We divided the patients into the two age groups, ≥80 group ( n = 19) and <80 group ( n = 77), and compared the clinical outcomes using Japanese Orthopaedics Association (JOA) scores and the Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). We also evaluated bony union and the incidence of OVFxs in the both groups. Results The JOA score improved 47.6% in the ≥80 group and 49.1% in the <80 group. There were no significant differences between the two groups. Only the bodily pain component of the SF-36 improved significantly in the ≥80 group, and seven of eight components (exception was general health) improved significantly in the <80 group. Bony union rate was significantly superior in the <80 group (94.8%) compared with that of the ≥80 group (73.7%, p = 0.013). OVFx prevalence and incidence were not significantly different between the two groups, although postoperative OVFx worsened the JOA score improvement in the ≥80 group (38.8%, p = 0.02). Conclusions The present study indicated that surgical outcomes of PLIF in patients ≥80 years were comparable to those < 80 years. However, bony union rate was significantly lower and postoperative OVFx worsened the clinical outcomes in patients ≥80 years.
The construction of national images through news translation
Authors: Valdeón Roberto A. 
Published: February 2016

This paper discusses the construction of a new national image of Spain for an international audience, as presented in the English version of the leading Spanish paper El País. It uses the concept of framing as used in communication studies, on the one hand, and in translation studies, on the other. In the former frames are defined “as organizing principles that are socially shared and persistent over time, that work symbolically to meaningfully structure the social world” (Reese 2001, 11). In Translation Studies, Baker has adopted a similar definition for her adaptation of Somer’s narrative theory to text manipulation.
The paper analyzes a corpus of sixty issues of El País English Edition, a joint venture of El País and The International Herald Tribune. El País English Edition is an unusual publication that combines news and translation in a very visible manner. Spanish news reports are selected and translators render them into English for an international audience. More precisely three sections will be considered: the front page, the features section and the sports section. The selection of these three distinctive parts of the newspaper for the present discussion is based on the understanding that the latter two can reflect the extent to which stereotypes are present or are in conflict with the images of modernity that the medium might be willing to project onto an international audience whereas the front page is the first contact of those readers with Spain’s political, social and economic life.
Images of turmoil
Authors: Caimotto M. Cristina 
Published: February 2016

In the 1970s, Italy’s national identity was transformed and re-negotiated consequent to a number of tragic events and radical reforms. The country’s image and self-image were constantly revisited in domestic and foreign news features. To this day, the best-known verbal icon of that period remains the phrase “strategia della tensione” (strategy of tension), from the headline of an article in the British press. This highlights a tendency of the Italian newspapers to “look up” to the British newspapers.
The aim of this chapter is to investigate how this tendency to prioritize British images of the Italian scenario, turning them into tropes, influenced the construction of Italy’s image between 1969 and 1980. A parallel corpus of articles from The Times and La Stampa is explored through a methodological framework combining diachronic News Translation Studies and the strategies of Imagology.
Electronic querying and manual inspection of the corpus revealed cases of textual migration, consisting of textual segments in La Stampa mirroring excerpts from The Times. These migrated texts were identified and labelled according to the translation strategy employed – selective appropriations, permutations, omissions, and additions (Valdeón 2008) – in order to investigate potential agendas, gatekeeping or self-censorship practices. However, rather than display an agenda, this analysis seems to reveal a clash between the British image and Italy’s self-image in the troubled 1970s, the latter being constructed through heavy domestication of the British articles. Translation choices indeed reveal patterns of mitigation of criticism, as well as foregrounding of positive comments, which require a discourse-based approach in order to be fully understood. The strategies of Imagology – notably those applied to Translation Studies in recent work by van Doorslaer (2010) – prove particularly useful in detailing these findings, through close observation of the constructed images of the country.
Suppression of type-I ELMs with reduced RMP coil set on DIII-D
Authors: Orlov D.M. , Moyer R.A. , Evans T.E. , Paz-Soldan C. , Ferraro N.M. , Nazikian R. , deGrassie J.S. , Grierson B.A. , Eldon D. , Fenstermacher M.E. , King J.D. , Logan N.C. , Lanctot M.J. , Maingi R. , Snyder P.B. , Strait E.J. , Wingen A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Recent experiments on DIII-D have demonstrated that having a toroidally-monochromatic spectral content of edge-resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) is not a necessary condition for suppression of edge localized modes (ELMs). Robust ELM suppression has been reproducibly obtained on DIII-D during experiments in which various non-axisymmetric coil loops were turned off pseudo-randomly producing a variety of

,

, and

spectral contributions. It was shown that RMP ELM suppression could be achieved with as few as 5 out of 12 internal coil loops (I-coils) on DIII-D at similar coil currents and with good plasma confinement. Linear MHD plasma response (m3dc1, ipec, mars) and vacuum (surfmn, trip3d) modelling have been performed in order to understand the effects of the perturbation spectrum on the plasma response and ELM suppression. The results suggest that reduction of the dominant

perturbation field is compensated by increased

field in the plasma that may lead to RMP ELM suppression at lower levels of

perturbative magnetic flux from the I-coils. These results provide additional confidence that ITER may be capable of RMP ELM suppression in the event of multiple internal coil failures.
Modeling and control of plasma rotation for NSTX using neoclassical toroidal viscosity and neutral beam injection
Authors: Goumiri I.R. , Rowley C.W. , Sabbagh S.A. , Gates D.A. , Gerhardt S.P. , Boyer M.D. , Andre R. , Kolemen E. , Taira K. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
A model-based feedback system is presented to control plasma rotation in a magnetically confined toroidal fusion device, to maintain plasma stability for long-pulse operation. This research uses experimental measurements from the National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) and is aimed at controlling plasma rotation using two different types of actuation: momentum from injected neutral beams and neoclassical toroidal viscosity generated by three-dimensional applied magnetic fields. Based on the data-driven model obtained, a feedback controller is designed, and predictive simulations using the TRANSP plasma transport code show that the controller is able to attain desired plasma rotation profiles given practical constraints on the actuators and the available measurements of rotation.
Impact of Ex‐Ante Hypothetical Bias Mitigation Methods on Attribute Non‐Attendance in Choice Experiments
Authors: Bello Muhammad , Abdulai Awudu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this article, we use survey data from Nigeria on consumers' preferences for organic products to investigate the impact of ex‐ante hypothetical bias mitigation methods (Cheap Talk and Honesty Priming) on respondents' attribute non‐attendance. We employ a framework that allows us to jointly examine the response to the stated choice component and the response to the attribute processing questions, while avoiding the potential endogeneity bias and measurement error problems arising from some attribute non‐attendance methods. Our results show that the incidence of attribute non‐attendance varies across the treatments in general, with significant difference in attribute non‐attendance rates between respondents exposed to the mitigation strategies (Honesty Priming and Cheap Talk) and the baseline group. We also find that the low willingness to pay values for the honesty priming task appear to correspond with the lowest attribute non‐attendance rates reported for all the attributes (especially price) and might reflect a more realistic valuation of the attributes.
Quantitative sensory testing in classical trigeminal neuralgia—a blinded study in patients with and without concomitant persistent pain
Authors: Younis Samaira , Maarbjerg Stine , Reimer Maren , Wolfram Frauke , Olesen Jes , Baron Ralf , Bendtsen Lars 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The diagnostic criteria of the third International Classification of Headache Disorders state that there should be no neurological deficits in patients with classical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) at clinical examination. However, studies demonstrating sensory abnormalities at bedside examination in TN patients have questioned this. Our aim was to examine whether TN patients without sensory abnormalities at neurological examination have sensory abnormalities at quantitative sensory testing (QST) and whether there were any QST differences between TN with and without concomitant persistent pain. Thirty-six TN patients were investigated with the standardized QST protocol by the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain. The investigators were blinded to presence of concomitant persistent pain and symptomatic side. Based on comparison to the German Research Network on Neuropathic Pain controls, z scores were calculated to process frequency analyses and Z-profiles. We found increased mechanical detection threshold on the symptomatic side (47.2% vs 0%, P = 0.008), asymptomatic side (33.3% vs 0%, P = 0.011), and hand (36% vs 0%, P < 0.001) in TN compared with controls. The Z-profiles demonstrated increased mechanical detection threshold on the symptomatic side compared with the asymptomatic side (−2.980 vs −2.166, P = 0.040). Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia was detected bilaterally in the face and the hand. Trigeminal neuralgia patients with concomitant persistent pain tended to have higher mean z score values compared to TN with purely paroxysmal pain indicative of decreased detection thresholds. Trigeminal neuralgia patients with no sensory abnormalities at neurological examination had generalized subclinical hypoesthesia, which was more pronounced on the symptomatic side, and thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia. This could indicate pain-induced hypoesthesia and sensitization induced by central mechanisms.
Differential pain modulation properties in central neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury
Authors: Gruener Hila , Zeilig Gabi , Laufer Yocheved , Blumen Nava , Defrin Ruth 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt seems that central neuropathic pain (CNP) is associated with altered abilities to modulate pain; whereas dysfunction in descending pain inhibition is associated with the extent of chronic pain distribution, enhanced pain excitation is associated with the intensity of chronic pain. We investigated the hypothesis that CNP is associated with decreased descending pain inhibition along with increased neuronal excitability and that both traits are associated with spinothalamic tract (STT) damage. Chronic spinal cord injury subjects with CNP (n = 27) and without CNP (n = 23) and healthy controls (n = 20) underwent the measurement of pain adaptation, conditioned pain modulation (CPM), tonic suprathreshold pain (TSP), and spatial summation of pain above injury level. Central neuropathic pain subjects also underwent at and below-lesion STT evaluation and completed the questionnaires. Central neuropathic pain subjects showed decreased CPM and increased enhancement of TSP compared with controls. Among CNP subjects, the dysfunction of CPM and pain adaptation correlated positively with the number of painful body regions. The magnitude of TSP and spatial summation of pain correlated positively with CNP intensity. STT scores correlated with CNP intensity and with TSP, so that the more affected the STT below injury level, the greater the CNP and TSP magnitude. It seems that CNP is associated with altered abilities to modulate pain, whereas dysfunction in descending pain inhibition is associated with the extent of chronic pain distribution and enhanced pain excitation is associated with the intensity of chronic pain. Thus, top–down processes may determine the spread of CNP, whereas bottom–up processes may determine CNP intensity. It also seems that the mechanisms of CNP may involve STT-induced hyperexcitability. Future, longitudinal studies may investigate the timeline of this scenario.
Infliximab Dosing Strategies and Predicted Trough Exposure in Children With Crohn Disease
Authors: Frymoyer Adam , Piester Travis L. , Park K.T. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Standard infliximab maintenance dosing of 5 mg/kg every 8 weeks may be inadequate to consistently achieve sufficient drug exposure to minimize loss of response or treatment failure in pediatric Crohn disease (CD). We aimed to determine the predicted infliximab trough concentrations in children with CD during maintenance therapy and the percentage of patients achieving target trough concentration >3 μg/mL.Methods:A Monte Carlo simulation analysis was constructed using a published population pharmacokinetic model based on data from 112 children in the REACH trial. We assessed maintenance dosing strategies of 5, 7.5, and 10 mg/kg at dosing intervals of every 4, 6, and 8 weeks for children that differed by age, weight, albumin level, and concomitant immunomodulator therapy.Results:Based on the index case of a 10‐year‐old with CD receiving standard infliximab dosing with concomitant immunomodulator therapy, the median (interquartile range) simulated infliximab trough concentration at week 14 was 1.3 (0.5–2.7) μg/mL and 2.4 (1.0–4.8) μg/mL for albumin levels of 3 and 4 g/dL, respectively. Among 1000 simulated children in the model, trough concentration >3 μg/mL at week 14 was achieved 21% and 41% of the time for albumin levels of 3 and 4 g/dL, respectively.Conclusions:Standard infliximab maintenance dosing in children with CD is predicted to frequently result in inadequate exposure, especially when albumin levels are low. Optimized dosing strategies for individual patients are needed to achieve sufficient drug exposure during infliximab maintenance therapy.
Increased Expression of ALDH1A1 in Prostate Cancer is Correlated With Tumor Aggressiveness: A Tissue Microarray Study of Iranian Patients
Authors: Kalantari Elham , Saadi Faezeh H. , Asgari Mojgan , Shariftabrizi Ahmad , Roudi Raheleh , Madjd Zahra 
Published: February 2016

Introduction:
Subpopulations of prostate cancer (PCa) cells expressing putative stem cell markers possess the ability to promote tumor growth, maintenance, and progression. This study aimed to evaluate the expression patterns and clinical significance of putative stem cell marker aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 A1 (ALDH1A1) in prostate tumor tissues.

Materials and Methods:
ALDH1A1 expression was examined in a well-defined series of prostate tissues, including 105 (68%) samples of PCa, 21 (13%) samples of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and 31 (19%) samples of benign prostate hyperplasia, which were embedded in tissue microarray blocks. The correlation of ALDH1A1 expression with clinicopathologic parameters was also assessed.

Results:
There was a significant difference between the expression level of ALDH1A1 in PCa compared with the high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and benign prostate hyperplasia samples (P<0.001). PCa cells expressing ALDH1A1 were more often seen in samples with advanced Gleason score (P=0.05) and high serum prostate specific antigen level (P=0.02). In addition, a positive correlation was found between ALDH1A1 expression and primary tumor stage and regional lymph node involvement (P=0.04 and 0.03, respectively).

Conclusions:
The significant association between ALDH1A1 expressions with Gleason score indicates the potential role of this protein in PCa tumorigenesis and aggressive behavior; therefore, this cancer stem cell marker can be used as a promising candidate for targeted therapy of PCa, especially those with high Gleason score.