bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The retail distribution review
Authors: Ring Patrick 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the effect of reforms to the UK’s retail advice sector as a result of the Retail Distribution Review (RDR).

Design/methodology/approach
The paper takes the form of a review of the RDR in the context of the Financial Advice Market Review (FAMR).

Findings
There is a lack of clarity, experienced by both consumers and financial advisers, concerning the nature of “advice”. This results from the use of an array of regulatory and non-regulatory terms. Whilst enhancing professionalisation and reducing commission bias, the RDR is failing to address the needs of many financial consumers – identified by many as an “advice gap”. It is argued that the focus of the RDR, and previous reforms, on addressing market failures may be misplaced.

Practical implications
The paper provides an analysis designed to help in the process of developing a retail advice sector that meets the needs of consumers, in the context policy reforms placing more emphasis on the responsibilities of individuals for financial planning.

Social implications
The study has the potential of better outcomes for consumers and reputational returns for the financial services sector.

Originality/value
This paper is a review of the current regulatory issues facing financial advisers and retail consumers in the context of the RDR and FAMR.
Black engineering students’ motivation for PhD attainment: passion plus purpose
Authors: McGee Ebony O. , White Devin T. , Jenkins Akailah T. , Houston Stacey , Bentley Lydia C. , Smith William J. , Robinson William H. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeMuch of the extant research, practice and policy in engineering education has focused on the limited persistence, waning interest and lack of preparation among Black students to continue beyond the post-secondary engineering pipeline. However, this research suggests that many Black PhD students persist and succeed in engineering, fueled by various motivational strengths. To better understand the motivations of Black students in engineering doctoral programs, this study aims to explore the factors that influence their decision to enroll in either an engineering or a computing doctoral program.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses an intrinsic and extrinsic motivational framework to investigate the inspiration of 44 Black engineering doctoral students in PhD engineering programs in 11 engineering schools across the country.FindingsResults show that the participants’ motivation to pursue a PhD in engineering comes from several distinct factors, including the following: an unyielding passion for their particular discipline, a sense of responsibility to serve marginalized peoples and society, a path toward autonomy, pre-PhD mentorship and research opportunities and family and prior work experience.Research limitations/implicationsBased on this study’s findings, a reconceptualization of graduate engineering education that incorporates the importance of “being Black” and its relationships with motivating and, potentially, retaining Black science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) students is also offered.Originality/valueThis paper seeks to expose particular constructs and behaviors surrounding Black students’ motivation to learn and achieve in engineering at the highest academic levels, offering a more nuanced perspective than currently is found in traditional engineering education literature.
Descubriendo mi lugar
Authors: Williams Pichon Henrietta 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this quantitative study is to explore the differences and relations among how Black science, technology, engineering and mathematics-life and health sciences (STEM-H) and non-STEM-H students develop a sense of belonging and community at a Hispanic serving institution (HSI).

Design/methodology/approach
This paper used findings from a survey that collected both numeric and string data. Surveys were administered via e-mail.

Findings
There were a limited number of significant findings related to STEM-H students believing that faculty would be sensitive to their needs and that they would be part of the community. String data provide more data about positive and negative experiences related to belonging and community.

Research limitations/implications
It was a single-institution study in New Mexico. Therefore, it may not mirror other HSIs across the country. Also, there were only 84 participants. This number is relatively low compared to the 465 Black students identified at the institutions. Thus, it is clear that not all voices are heard in this study. Finally, this study used preexisting scales to measure a sense of belonging and a sense of community. Because of this, the questions were not customized to the region.

Originality/value
This study introduces STEM-H as a viable area of study. It examines Black STEM-H students enrolled at an HSI using two scales for sense of belonging and sense of community.
Melanoma diagnosed in lesions previously treated by laser therapy
Authors: Delker Sarah , Livingstone Elisabeth , Schimming Tobias , Schadendorf Dirk , Griewank Klaus G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLaser therapy has become a routine procedure in dermatological practice and is frequently also used for pigmented lesions. Few reports exist of melanomas diagnosed in lesions previously treated by laser therapy. Between 2007 and 2014, we identified 11 patients who presented to our department with a melanoma diagnosed in a region previously treated by laser therapy. The course of events until the diagnosis of melanoma was assessed as well as patient outcome including treatment for disease progression. No histological assessment had been performed prior to laser therapy in nine of 11 (82%) cases. Benign melanocytic lesions had been diagnosed by biopsy prior to laser therapy in the other two cases. Time from laser therapy to diagnosis of melanoma ranged from less than 1 to 10 years. Stage of disease at diagnosis varied from stage IA to IIIC. Four patients progressed to stage IV disease, of whom at least one died of melanoma. We conclude that laser treatment of pigmented lesions can complicate the diagnosis of melanoma and lead to diagnosis delay with potentially fatal consequences. Considering this risk, we believe laser therapy for pigmented lesions should either be avoided entirely or at a minimum performed only after prior histological assessment.
Presence of anti‐phosphatidylserine–prothrombin complex antibodies and anti‐moesin antibodies in patients with polyarteritis nodosa
Authors: Okano Tatsuro , Takeuchi Sora , Soma Yoshinao , Suzuki Koya , Tsukita Sachiko , Ishizu Akihiro , Suzuki Kazuo , Kawakami Tamihiro 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe measured both serum anti‐phosphatidylserine–prothrombin complex (anti‐PSPT) antibodies and anti‐moesin antibodies, as well as various cytokines (interleukin [IL]‐2, IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐10, IL‐13, IL‐17, granulocyte macrophage colony‐stimulating factor, γ‐interferon, tumor necrosis factor‐α) levels in polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) patients with cutaneous manifestations. All patients showed the presence of a histological necrotizing vasculitis in the skin specimen. They were treated with i.v. cyclophosphamide pulse therapy (IV‐CY) and prednisolone therapy or steroid pulse therapy. The immunological assessments were performed on sera collected prior to and after treatment with IV‐CY or steroid pulse therapy. We found a significant positive correlation between serum anti‐moesin antibodies and both clinical Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Scores and Vasculitis Damage Index. Anti‐PSPT antibody and IL‐2 levels after treatment in PAN patients were significantly lower than before treatment. In contrast, anti‐moesin antibody levels were higher following IV‐CY or steroid pulse therapy compared with the pretreatment levels. In the treatment‐resistant PAN patients (n = 8), anti‐PSPT antibody levels after treatment were significantly lower than before treatment. In contrast, anti‐moesin antibody levels after treatment in the patients were significantly higher compared with the pretreatment levels. Immunohistochemical staining revealed moesin overexpression in mainly fibrinoid necrosis of the affected arteries in the PAN patients. We suggest that measurement of serum anti‐PSPT antibody levels could serve as a marker for PAN and aid in earlier diagnosis of PAN. We also propose that elevated serum anti‐moesin antibodies could play some role of the exacerbation in patients with PAN.
Fine‐tuned production of hydrogen peroxide promotes biofilm formation of Streptococcus parasanguinis by a pathogenic cohabitant Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Duan Dingyu , Scoffield Jessica A. , Zhou Xuedong , Wu Hui 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBalanced bacterial biofilm communities help to maintain host health. Disturbance of such balance can lead to bacterial dysbiosis and pathogenesis. However, complex and dynamic bacterial interactions within the biofilm communities are poorly understood. In this study, we used a dual‐species biofilm consisting of the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and a commensal Streptococcus parasanguinis to investigate bacterial interactions since the two organisms have been found to coexist during the development of localized aggressive periodontal disease. We report that A. actinomycetemcomitans promoted biofilm formation of S. parasanguinis in vitro and in vivo. Protein profiling of S. parasanguinis co‐cultured with A. actinomycetemcomitans revealed a significant decrease in the protein level of pyruvate oxidase(PoxL), an enzyme required for the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Consistently, the H2O2 concentration was concurrently decreased. However, the complete removal of H2O2 impaired the biofilm formation. H2O2 at a low concentration range regulated by A. actinomycetemcomitans enhanced the biofilm formation. These results demonstrate that A. actinomycetemcomitans promotes the S. parasanguinis biofilm formation through modulating the production of H2O2 by fine‐tuning the expression of poxL, indicating that H2O2 functions as a signaling molecule. Taken together, this report revealed a previously unknown bacteria‐bacteria interaction mechanism.
Direct‐geneFISH: a simplified protocol for the simultaneous detection and quantification of genes and rRNA in microorganisms
Authors: Barrero‐Canosa Jimena , Moraru Cristina , Zeugner Laura , Fuchs Bernhard M. , Amann Rudolf 
Published: June 2016

SummaryAlthough fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with specific ribosomal RNA (rRNA)‐targeted oligonucleotides is a standard method to detect and identify microorganisms, the specific detection of genes in bacteria and archaea, for example by using geneFISH, requires complicated and lengthy (> 30 h) procedures. Here we report a much improved protocol, direct‐geneFISH, which allows specific gene and rRNA detection within less than 6 h. For direct‐geneFISH, catalyzed amplification reporter deposition (CARD) steps are removed and fluorochrome‐labelled polynucleotide gene probes and rRNA‐targeted oligonucleotide probes are hybridized simultaneously. The protocol allows quantification of gene copy numbers per cell and the signal of the directly labelled probes enables a subcellular localization of the rRNA and target gene. The detection efficiencies of direct‐geneFISH were first evaluated on Escherichia coli carrying the target gene on a copy‐control vector. We could show that gene copy numbers correlated to the geneFISH signal within the cells. The new protocol was then applied for the detection of the sulfate thiolhydrolase (soxB) genes in cells of the gammaproteobacterial clade SUP05 in Lake Rogoznica, Croatia. Cell and gene detection efficiencies by direct‐geneFISH were statistically identical to those obtained with the original geneFISH, demonstrating the suitability of the simpler and faster protocol for environmental samples.
Food Grain Policies in India and their Implications for Stocks and Fiscal Costs: A Dynamic Partial Equilibrium Analysis
Authors: Kozicka Marta , Kalkuhl Matthias , Brockhaus Jan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe analyse current and possible future reforms of the Indian food policies for the most important staple grains, wheat and rice, within a two‐commodity dynamic partial equilibrium model with stochastic shocks. The model is empirically grounded and reproduces past values well. It uses a new reduced‐form approach to capture private storage dynamics. We evaluate the implementation of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) under several policy measures with the current regime as well as two scenarios with a regime change – implementation of cash transfers and deficiency payments. Implications for market fundamentals and fiscal costs are simulated in the medium term – until 2020/21. The NFSA puts a high pressure on fiscal costs and public stocks. Relying on imports with low support prices results in low fiscal costs and stable, but higher domestic and international prices, and a high risk of zero stocks. A policy strategy to manipulate procurement prices in order to maintain public stocks close to the norms leads to slightly higher fiscal costs with lower, but more volatile prices. The highest domestic price volatility occurs under a strategy which uses export bans in order to maintain sufficient public stocks. A cash‐based regime can bring considerable savings and curb fiscal costs, particularly if targeted to the poor, and would leave sufficient stocks due to higher private stocks.
A Comparison of Different Age Estimation Methods of the Adult Pelvis
Authors: Miranker Molly 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe adult human pelvis is useful to estimate age because it contains three age indicators—the pubic symphysis, auricular surface, and acetabulum. This study tested the accuracy, inaccuracy, and bias of age estimation from the Suchey‐Brooks pubic symphysis, Osborne auricular surface, Rissech and Calce acetabulum aging methods, and a summary age of these indicators. The study sample consisted of 212 White individuals with known age and sex from the William M. Bass Donated Skeletal Collection. The Rissech method performed the best, was the most accurate method with smallest inaccuracy and bias, followed by the Osborne, Suchey‐Brooks, summary age, and then Calce methods. Though the Pearson correlation showed only the Suchey‐Brooks method to correlate significantly with known age, it is likely the Suchey‐Brooks study sample coincidentally reflected the age distribution of this test sample. Results suggested that Bayesian prediction may improve age estimation and should be applied to other age indicators.
A High‐Resolution National‐Scale Hydrologic Forecast System from a Global Ensemble Land Surface Model
Authors: Snow Alan D. , Christensen Scott D. , Swain Nathan R. , Nelson E. James , Ames Daniel P. , Jones Norman L. , Ding Deng , Noman Nawajish S. , David Cédric H. , Pappenberger Florian , Zsoter Ervin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWarning systems with the ability to predict floods several days in advance have the potential to benefit tens of millions of people. Accordingly, large‐scale streamflow prediction systems such as the Advanced Hydrologic Prediction Service or the Global Flood Awareness System are limited to coarse resolutions. This article presents a method for routing global runoff ensemble forecasts and global historical runoff generated by the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts model using the Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge to produce high spatial resolution 15‐day stream forecasts, approximate recurrence intervals, and warning points at locations where streamflow is predicted to exceed the recurrence interval thresholds. The processing method involves distributing the computations using computer clusters to facilitate processing of large watersheds with high‐density stream networks. In addition, the Streamflow Prediction Tool web application was developed for visualizing analyzed results at both the regional level and at the reach level of high‐density stream networks. The application formed part of the base hydrologic forecasting service available to the National Flood Interoperability Experiment and can potentially transform the nation's forecast ability by incorporating ensemble predictions at the nearly 2.7 million reaches of the National Hydrography Plus Version 2 Dataset into the national forecasting system.
Distribution of Chancelloriids in a Middle Cambrian Carbonate Platform Deposit, Taebaek Group, Korea
Authors: Jongsun HONG , Suk‐Joo CHOH , Dong‐Jin LEE 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe onset of the Cambrian witnessed the diversification of “small shelly fossils (SSF)”, which affected carbonate depositional system. One of the problematic SSF, chancelloriids, are common components of the early to middle Cambrian carbonate and shale, and their contributions toward Cambrian carbonates are not yet fully understood. This study assesses distribution patterns of chancelloriid sclerites in the Cambrian Series 3 Daegi Formation based on microfacies analysis and discusses their sedimentologic implications. In the lower part of the formation, partially articulated chancelloriid sclerites occur mainly in bioclastic packstone and grainstone facies, with isolated sclerite rays in nodular packstone to grainstone facies. In the middle part of the formation, chancelloriid fragments occur only sporadically in bioclastic wackestone to packstone, bioclastic grainstone and oolitic packstone to grainstone facies, whereas boundstone facies are nearly devoid of their fragments. There are no chancelloriid fragments in the upper part of the formation, which consists of oolitic packstone to grainstone facies. Chancelloriids are interpreted to have primarily occupied platform margin shoal environments, shedding their sclerites to surrounding areas, and thus contributed as sediment producers. The distribution of Daegi chancelloriid sclerites is similar to other Cambrian examples, with the exception of common chancelloriids in Cambrian Series 2 reefs and their apparent near absence in the Daegi and other Cambrian Series 3 reefs. This disparity resulted from changes in the ecologic niche of chancelloriids after the end‐Cambrian Series 2 reef crisis, coupled with an overall decline of chancelloriids in the middle Cambrian.
Fossil Liverworts from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Ruiyun LI , Xuelian WANG , Peihong JIN , Fujun MA , Defei YAN , Zhicheng LIN , Bainian SUN 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new genus and species, Rebouliothallus huolinhensis sp. nov., and two uncertain species, Ricciopsis sp. and Hepaticites sp., are described. The fossils were collected from the Lower Cretaceous Huolinhe Formation of Huolinhe Basin, northeastern China. The new genus Rebouliothallus was established in the Aytoniaceae family of Marchantiales. Rebouliothallus huolinhensis appears to be quite similar to species of the extant genus Reboulia Raddi. The species is characterized by the relatively large ventral scales. Ventral scales are large, imbricate and arranged in two rows on the ventral surface. Rhizoids are either pegged or smooth. Ricciopsis sp. is characterized by the rosette‐forming thallus. Hepaticites sp. shows some similarities to liverworts. Of the forty‐nine Early Cretaceous floras of China, only two floras, one from the Huolinhe basin, Inner Mongolia and the other from the Jixi Basin, Heilongjiang Province, contain fossil liverworts. The rare fossil liverwort records in the Early Cretaceous floras of China may be the result of taphonomic bias.
Free‐surface Simulations of Newtonian and Non‐Newtonian Fluids with the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Chuanhu ZHANG , Songgui CHEN , Qicheng SUN , Feng JIN 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper describes the application of a three‐dimensional lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) to Newtonian and non‐Newtonian (Bingham fluid in this work) flows with free surfaces. A mass tracking algorithm was incorporated to capture the free surface, whereas Papanastasiou's modified model was used for Bingham fluids. The lattice Boltzmann method was first validated using two benchmarks: Newtonian flow through a square cross‐section tube and Bingham flow through a circular cross‐section tube. Afterward, the dam‐break problem for the Newtonian fluid and the slump test for Bingham fluid were simulated to validate the free‐surface‐capturing algorithm. The numerical results were in good agreement with analytical results, as well as other simulations, thereby proving the validity and correctness of the current method. The proposed method is a promising substitute for time‐consuming and costly physical experiments to solve problems encountered in geotechnical and geological engineering, such as the surge and debris flow induced by a landslide or earthquake.
Rphylopars: fast multivariate phylogenetic comparative methods for missing data and within‐species variation
Authors: Goolsby Eric W. , Bruggeman Jorn , Ané Cécile 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Over the past several years, phylogenetic comparative studies have increasingly approached trait evolution in a multivariate context, with a number of taxa that continues to rise dramatically. Recent methods for phylogenetic comparative studies have provided ways to incorporate measurement error and to address computational challenges. However, missing data remain a particularly common problem, in which data are unavailable for some but not all traits of interest for a given species (or individual), leaving researchers with the choice between omitting observations or utilizing imputation‐based approaches.

Here, we introduce an r implementation of PhyloPars, a tool for phylogenetic imputation of missing data and estimation of trait covariance across species (phylogenetic covariance) and within species (phenotypic covariance). Rphylopars provides expanded capabilities over the original PhyloPars interface including a fast linear‐time algorithm, thus allowing for extremely large data sets (which were previously computationally infeasible) to be analysed in seconds or minutes rather than hours.

In addition to providing fast and computationally efficient implementations, we introduce in Rphylopars methods to estimate macroevolutionary parameters under alternative evolutionary models (e.g. Early‐Burst, multivariate Ornstein‐Uhlenbeck).

By providing fast and computationally efficient methods with flexible options for various phylogenetic comparative approaches, Rphylopars expands the possibilities for researchers to analyse large and complex data with missing observations, within‐species variation and deviations from Brownian motion.