bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Importance of lymphovascular invasion and invasive front on survival in floor of mouth cancer
Authors: Fives Cassie , Feeley Linda , O'Leary Gerard , Sheahan Patrick 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe floor of mouth (FOM) is a common site of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The purpose of this study was to investigate pathological predictors of survival in FOM SCC.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 54 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for FOM SCC. Pathological parameters were extracted from histological reports with original pathology slides re‐reviewed by 2 pathologists for missing data.ResultsOn univariate analysis, depth of invasion >10 mm (p = .009), lymphovascular invasion (LVI; p < .001), noncohesive invasive front (p = .006), perineural invasion (PNI; p = .003), and nodal metastases (p = .02) were significant predictors of overall survival. On multivariate analysis, LVI (p = .009) and invasive front (p < .001) remained significant. Postoperative radiotherapy improved survival in patients with LVI, PNI, and nodal metastases, and was just outside significance for noncohesive invasive front (p = .06).ConclusionLVI is an adverse prognosticator in FOM SCC and indicates postoperative radiotherapy. Further study is required to investigate the importance of invasive front. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E1528–E1534, 2016
Effect and mechanism of waterborne prolonged Zn exposure influencing hepatic lipid metabolism in javelin goby Synechogobius hasta
Authors: Huang Chao , Luo Zhi , Hogstrand Christer , Chen Feng , Shi Xi , Chen Qi‐Liang , Song Yu‐Feng , Pan Ya‐Xiong 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe present study was conducted to determine the effect and mechanism of waterborne Zn exposure influencing hepatic lipid deposition and metabolism in javelin goby Synechogobius hasta. S. hasta were exposed to four waterborne Zn concentrations (Zn 0.005 [control], 0.18, 0.36 and 0.55 mg l−1, respectively) for 60 days. Sampling occurred at days 20, 40 and 60, respectively. Zn exposure increased Zn content, declined hepatic lipid content and reduced viscerosomatic and hepatosomatic indices and lipogenic enzyme activities, including 6‐phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD), glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), malic enzyme (ME) and fatty acid synthase (FAS). At days 20 and 60, Zn exposure decreased hepatic mRNA levels of 6PGD, G6PD, ME, FAS, acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC)α, ACCβ, hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL)a, HSLb, sterol‐regulator element‐binding protein (SREBP)‐1, peroxisome proliferators‐activated receptor (PPAR)α and PPARγ. However, the mRNA levels of CPT 1 and adipose triglyceride lipase increased following Zn exposure. On day 40, Zn exposure reduced hepatic mRNA expression of 6PGD, G6PD, ME, FAS, ACCα, ACCβ, HSLa, HSLb, SREBP‐1 and PPARγ but increased mRNA expression of CPT 1, adipose triglyceride lipase and PPARα. General speaking, Zn exposure reduced hepatic lipid content by inhibiting lipogenesis and stimulating lipolysis. For the first time, the present study provided evidence that chronic Zn exposure differentially influenced mRNA expression and activities of genes and enzymes involved in lipogenic and lipolytic metabolism in a duration‐dependent manner, and provided new insight into the relationship between metal elements and lipid metabolism. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viscoelastic shear properties of in vivo thigh muscles measured by MR elastography
Authors: Chakouch Mashhour K. , Pouletaut Philippe , Charleux Fabrice , Bensamoun Sabine F. 
Published: November 2015

PurposeTo measure the viscoelastic properties of passive thigh muscles using multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography (MMRE) and rheological models.Materials and MethodsFour muscles in five volunteers underwent MMRE tests set up inside a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner. Compression excitation was generated with a driver attached around the thigh, and waves were generated at 70, 90, and 110 Hz. In vivo experimental viscoelastic parameters (G(ω) = G′ + i G″) were extracted from the wavelength and attenuation measurements along a local profile in the direction of the wave's displacement. The data‐processing method was validated on a phantom using MMRE and RheoSpectris tests. The complex modulus (G(ω)) related to elasticity (μ) and viscosity (η) was then determined using four rheological models.ResultsZener was the best‐fit model (χ ∼0.35 kPa) for the rheological parameters of all muscles. Similar behaviors for the elastic components for each muscle were found for the Zener and springpot models. The gracilis muscle showed higher elastic values (about 2 kPa) in both models compared to other muscles. The α‐values for each muscle was equivalent to the ratio G″/G′ at 90 Hz.ConclusionMMRE tests associated with data processing demonstrated that the complex shear modulus G(ω) of passive muscles could be analyzed using two rheological models. The viscoelastic data can be used as a reference for future assessment of muscular dysfunction. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:1423–1433.
Experimental Study of Water‐Based Al2O3 Nanofluid Flow in Direct Absorption Solar Collector
Authors: Gupta Hemant Kumar , Agrawal Ghanshyam Das , Mathur Jyotirmay 
Published: November 2015

SummaryTo overcome the limitations of conventional tube in plate type solar collector such as low collection and conversion efficiency, direct absorption solar collectors using nanofluid as heat transfer media has been proposed. Direct absorption of solar radiation and mixing of nanoparticles in the base liquid improves the optical and thermo physical properties of the base liquids, resulting to an increase in the efficiency of solar collectors. In the present experimental work, the effect of Al2O3–H2O nanofluid, as heat transfer fluid on the efficiency of a direct absorption solar collector was investigated. The ASHRAE standard was used to calculate the instantaneous efficiency. The results show that, in comparison with water as direct solar absorption medium, nanofluid increases the efficiency. For 0.001 vol% the increased efficiency was 12.8%. There is a continuous increase in the efficiency by increasing the volume fraction from 0.001% to 0.01% and beyond that increase in volume fraction values, the solar collector efficiency gets a reverse trend and becomes constant.
GO/SGO Based SPES Composite Membranes for the Removal of Water by Pervaporation Separation
Authors: Gahlot Swati , Sharma Prem P. , Bhil Batuk M. , Gupta Hariom , Kulshrestha Vaibhav 
Published: November 2015

SummaryMembranes of Graphene Oxide (GO) and Sulfonated Graphene Oxide (SGO) within sulfonated poly ether sulfone (SPES) matrix have been prepared for pervaporation (PV) application. GO was prepared through modified Hummer's method further GO was sulfonated using sulfuric acid to synthesize SGO. Various concentration of GO and SGO has been incorporated in SPES to prepare GO/SGO based SPES membranes. Pervaporation was done to separate alcohol‐water mixture taking different volume % of alcohol and water to get concentrated alcohol. Membranes were characterized for thermal, mechanical and physicochemical properties. GO/SGO membranes shows good performance towards pervaporation experiments.
Clinical outcomes of a simultaneous replantation technique for amputations of four or five digits
Authors: Kwon Gi‐Doo , Ahn Byung‐Moon , Lee Jae‐Sung , Park Yong‐Gum , Ha Yong‐Chan 
Published: November 2015

PurposeReplantation of amputations separated by more than four digits is challenging microsurgery because of the technical demands and long operation time. The purpose of this report was to present the clinical and functional outcomes in patients with amputations of four or five digits using a simultaneous replantation technique.Patients and MethodsAmong the 43 patients who visited our institution due to amputation of four or five digits from 2004 to 2013, 35 patients (28 males and seven females) underwent simultaneous replantation of four or five digits. The age range of the patients was 25–64 years (mean, 40.6 years). Simultaneous replantation technique included that bone was fixed and flexor tendons were repaired first and then digital vessels and nerves were simultaneously anastomosed for all amputated digits. The clinical and functional outcomes were evaluated at a minimum 1‐year follow‐up.ResultsIschemic time was 150–510 min. Mean operation time was 313.2 min. In total, 127 of the 145 (87.5%) digits remained viable survived 2‐weeks postoperatively, and four patients (16 digits) were lost to follow up. Of the 31 patients (129 digits), 19 (61.3%) had excellent and good outcomes using the criteria of Chen, and 21 patients (71%) were satisfied completely. Mean grip strength of the injured hand was 67% at the last follow‐up.ConclusionThe results from this series of cases showed that the simultaneous replantation technique for four or five digit amputations may provide an alternative method to shorten surgical time, reduce complication rates, and enhance high survival rate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 36:225–229, 2016.
Impact of expiratory strength training in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Plowman Emily K. , Watts Stephanie A. , Tabor Lauren , Robison Raele , Gaziano Joy , Domer Amanda S. , Richter Joel , Vu Tuan , Gooch Clifton 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: We evaluated the feasibility and impact of expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) on respiratory and bulbar function in persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: Twenty‐five ALS patients participated in this delayed intervention open‐label clinical trial. Following a lead‐in period, patients completed a 5‐week EMST protocol. Outcome measures included: maximum expiratory pressure (MEP); physiologic measures of swallow and cough; and penetration–aspiration scale (PAS) scores. Results: Of participants who entered the active phase of the study (n = 15), EMST was well tolerated and led to significant increases in MEPs and maximum hyoid displacement during swallowing post‐EMST (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed for PAS scores or cough spirometry measures. Conclusions: EMST was feasible and well tolerated in this small cohort of ALS patients and led to improvements in expiratory force‐generating pressures and swallow kinematics. Further investigation is warranted to confirm these preliminary findings. Muscle Nerve 54: 48–53, 2016
Postoperative Outcomes of Enucleation and Standard Resections in Patients with a Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor
Authors: Jilesen Anneke P. J. , van Eijck Casper H. J. , Busch Olivier R. C. , van Gulik Thomas M. , Gouma Dirk J. , van Dijkum Els J. M. Nieveen 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundEither enucleation or more extended resection is performed to treat patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET). Aim was to analyze the postoperative complications for each operation separately. Furthermore, independent risk factors for complications and incidence of pancreatic insufficiency were analyzed.MethodsRetrospective all resected patients from two academic hospitals in The Netherlands between 1992 and 2013 were included. Postoperative complications were scored by both ISGPS and Clavien–Dindo criteria. Based on tumor location, operations were compared. Independent risk factors for overall complications were identified. During long‐term follow‐up, pancreatic insufficiency and recurrent disease were analyzed.ResultsTumor enucleation was performed in 60/205 patients (29 %), pancreatoduodenectomy in 65/205 (31 %), distal pancreatectomy in 72/205 (35 %) and central pancreatectomy in 8/205 (4 %) patients. Overall complications after tumor enucleation of the pancreatic head and pancreatoduodenectomy were comparable, 24/35 (69 %) versus 52/65 (80 %). The same was found after tumor enucleation and resection of the pancreatic tail (36 vs.58 %). Number of re‐interventions and readmissions were comparable between all operations. After pancreatoduodenectomy, 33/65 patients had lymph node metastasis and in patients with tumor size ≤2 cm, 55 % had lymph node metastasis. Tumor in the head and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 were independent risk factors for complications after enucleation. During follow‐up, incidence of exocrine and endocrine insufficiency was significant higher after pancreatoduodenectomy (resp. 55 and 19 %) compared to the tumor enucleation and distal pancreatectomy(resp. 5 and 7 % vs.8 and 13 %). After tumor enucleation 19 % developed recurrent disease.ConclusionSince the complication rate, need for re‐interventions and readmissions were comparable for all resections, tumor enucleation may be regarded as high risk. Appropriate operation should be based on tumor size, location, and functional status of the pNET.
Oaths (ὅρκοι), Covenants (συνθῆκαι) and Laws (νόμοι) in the Athenian Reconciliation Agreement of 403 BC
Authors: Joyce Christopher 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThere has been much discussion in recent years as to whether the Athenian amnesty of 403 BC can be understood in terms of political forgiveness. A number of scholars have denied that it can. Nevertheless, if the oaths, covenants, and laws are properly analysed, it will become clear that, though ancillary to the earliest clauses of the agreement, the promise μὴ μνησικακεῖν was a blanket measure forbidding prosecutions for crimes under the Thirty and before in the courts after 403. The covenants (συνθῆκαι) chiefly laid down conditions for future relations between Athens and Eleusis. The promise not to dredge up the past was just one concern, and should not be confused with the agreement in its entirety. This article re-examines the agreement as a whole in light of recent discussion of the meaning of amnesty in the ancient world, and argues that the oath μὴ μνησικακεῖν, sworn subsequently, affirmed just one of the covenants, not, as is sometimes held, every covenant. Other clauses may have been re-affirmed by separate oaths. The legislation (νόμοι) which followed was designed to give clearer legal definition to μὴ μνησικακεῖν, but was distinct and separate from the covenants of amnesty.
Cato, Caesar, and the Germani
Authors: Morrell Kit 
Published: November 2015

AbstractIn 55 BC, Caesar massacred reportedly 400,000 Usipetes and Tencteri. When asupplicatiowas proposed in the senate, M. Cato moved instead that Caesar should be surrendered to the enemy. This paper offers a technical analysis of an episode which, while well known, has not always been well understood. What Cato proposed wasdeditio(surrender) on the grounds that Caesar had committed a breach offides(breach of truce and/or mistreatment of ambassadors) and thus an offence against the gods.Deditiowas a means of expiation, so that Caesar alone should suffer for his crime, as in the famous case of C. Hostilius Mancinus in 136. Cato’s motivations were obviously political, but the technical and religious nature of his allegations meant they could not be ignored. Caesar, I argue, felt obliged to respond, and does so inBG4 within particular constraints imposed by the nature offidesanddeditio.
Molecular characterization of Urocleidoides cuiabai and U. malabaricusi (Monogenea: Dactylogyridae) from the trahira fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus in the Paraná River, Brazil
Authors: Gasques L.S. , Graça R.J. , Prioli S.M.A.P. , Takemoto R.M. , Prioli A.J. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractUrocleidoides ectoparasites are mainly found on fish of the neotropical regions. Although molecular research on monogeneans is available, no genetic data exist characterizing species in the Urocleidoides genus. Some DNA sequences have been efficacious in systematic studies and in the reconstruction of phylogenies of fish parasites. Relevant roles have been given to the sequence of the mitochondrial gene of cytochrome c oxidase I (COI). This study characterized COI sequences of the parasites Urocleidoides malabaricusi and U. cuiabai in trahira fish Hoplias aff. malabaricus of the flood plain of the Upper River Paraná, Brazil. The two species under analysis were distinguished by sequencing and analysing a 420-bp fragment of the COI gene, which suggested the existence of the cryptic species U. malabaricusi.
No one to fill my shoes: narrative practices of three ageing Australian male farmers
Authors: O'CALLAGHAN ZOE , WARBURTON JENI 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAgeing Australian farmers face many uncertainties associated with wider social, economic and climate change. Significantly for many farmers, ageing means the end not only of a life-long occupation but the end of the farm that has often been in the family for many generations. In turn, the prospect of this discontinuity breaches long-held cultural images of Australian farming and farmers. For individual male farmers approaching retirement age, the lack of succession and discontinuation of the family's ownership of, and attachment to the land, poses threats for social and personal identity. This paper examines the narratives of three male, baby-boom Australian farmers to tease out the impact of ageing and the possible loss of the family farm on the ways that they construct their situations and their self-identity. It illustrates the narrative practices that these men employ as they work to validate their self-identities within particular narrative environments, and through a range of outmoded and contemporary material conditions that mediate their selves and lives. The approach exemplified in this paper focuses on the processes and phases of analysis to show how the farmers craft their narrative as well as the individuality, complexity and coherence of their accounts.
Experimental fault-tolerant universal quantum gates with solid-state spins under ambient conditions
Authors: Rong Xing , Geng Jianpei , Shi Fazhan , Liu Ying , Xu Kebiao , Ma Wenchao , Kong Fei , Jiang Zhen , Wu Yang , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: November 2015

AbstractQuantum computation provides great speedup over its classical counterpart for certain problems. One of the key challenges for quantum computation is to realize precise control of the quantum system in the presence of noise. Control of the spin-qubits in solids with the accuracy required by fault-tolerant quantum computation under ambient conditions remains elusive. Here, we quantitatively characterize the source of noise during quantum gate operation and demonstrate strategies to suppress the effect of these. A universal set of logic gates in a nitrogen-vacancy centre in diamond are reported with an average single-qubit gate fidelity of 0.999952 and two-qubit gate fidelity of 0.992. These high control fidelities have been achieved at room temperature in naturally abundant 13C diamond via composite pulses and an optimized control method.
Evolution and control of the phase competition morphology in a manganite film
Authors: Zhou Haibiao , Wang Lingfei , Hou Yubin , Huang Zhen , Lu Qingyou , Wu Wenbin 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe competition among different phases in perovskite manganites is pronounced since their energies are very close under the interplay of charge, spin, orbital and lattice degrees of freedom. To reveal the roles of underlying interactions, many efforts have been devoted towards directly imaging phase transitions at microscopic scales. Here we show images of the charge-ordered insulator (COI) phase transition from a pure ferromagnetic metal with reducing field or increasing temperature in a strained phase-separated manganite film, using a home-built magnetic force microscope. Compared with the COI melting transition, this reverse transition is sharp, cooperative and martensitic-like with astonishingly unique yet diverse morphologies. The COI domains show variable-dimensional growth at different temperatures and their distribution can illustrate the delicate balance of the underlying interactions in manganites. Our findings also display how phase domain engineering is possible and how the phase competition can be tuned in a controllable manner.
Attenuation of Histone Methyltransferase KRYPTONITE-mediated transcriptional gene silencing by Geminivirus
Authors: Sun Yan-Wei , Tee Chuan-Sia , Ma Yong-Huan , Wang Gang , Yao Xiang-Mei , Ye Jian 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAlthough histone H3K9 methylation has been intensively studied in animals and a model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, little is known about the evolution of the histone methyltransferase and its roles in plant biotic stress response. Here we identified a Nicotiana benthamiana homolog of H3K9 histone methyltransferase KRYPTONITE (NbKYP) and demonstrated its fundamental roles on methylation of plant and virus, beside of leading to the suppression of endogenous gene expression and virus replication. NbKYP and another gene encoding DNA methyltransferase CHROMOMETHYLTRANSFERASE 3 (NbCMT3-1) were further identified as the key components of maintenance of transcriptional gene silencing, a DNA methylation involved anti-virus machinery. All three types of DNA methylations (asymmetric CHH and symmetric CHG/CG) were severely affected in NbKYP-silenced plants, but only severe reduction of CHG methylation found in NbCMT3-1-silenced plants. Attesting to the importance of plant histone H3K9 methylation immunity to virus, the virulence of geminiviruses requires virus-encoded trans-activator AC2 which inhibits the expression of KYP via activation of an EAR-motif-containing transcription repressor RAV2 (RELATED TO ABI3 and VP1). The reduction of KYP was correlated with virulence of various similar geminiviruses. These findings provide a novel mechanism of how virus trans-activates a plant endogenous anti-silencing machinery to gain high virulence.
Quantifying the Impact of Scenic Environments on Health
Authors: Seresinhe Chanuki Illushka , Preis Tobias , Moat Helen Susannah 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFew people would deny an intuitive sense of increased wellbeing when spending time in beautiful locations. Here, we ask: can we quantify the relationship between environmental aesthetics and human health? We draw on data fromScenic-Or-Not, a website that crowdsources ratings of “scenicness” for geotagged photographs across Great Britain, in combination with data on citizen-reported health from the Census for England and Wales. We find that inhabitants of more scenic environments report better health, across urban, suburban and rural areas, even when taking core socioeconomic indicators of deprivation into account, such as income, employment and access to services. Our results provide evidence in line with the striking hypothesis that the aesthetics of the environment may have quantifiable consequences for our wellbeing.