bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Decision Rules for Diagnostic Imaging in the Emergency Department: A Research Agenda
Authors: Finnerty Nathan M. , Rodriguez Robert M. , Carpenter Christopher R. , Sun Benjamin C. , Theyyunni Nik , Ohle Robert , Dodd Kenneth W. , Schoenfeld Elizabeth M. , Elm Kendra D. , Kline Jeffrey A. , Holmes James F. , Kuppermann Nathan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackgroundMajor gaps persist in the development, validation, and implementation of clinical decision rules (CDRs) for diagnostic imaging.ObjectivesThe objective of this working group and article was to generate a consensus‐based research agenda for the development and implementation of CDRs for diagnostic imaging in the emergency department (ED).MethodsThe authors followed consensus methodology, as outlined by the journal Academic Emergency Medicine (AEM), combining literature review, electronic surveys, telephonic communications, and a modified nominal group technique. Final discussions occurred in person at the 2015 AEM consensus conference.ResultsA research agenda was developed, prioritizing the following questions: 1) what are the optimal methods to justify the derivation and validation of diagnostic imaging CDRs, 2) what level of evidence is required before disseminating CDRs for widespread implementation, 3) what defines a successful CDR, 4) how should investigators best compare CDRs to clinical judgment, and 5) what disease states are amenable (and highest priority) to development of CDRs for diagnostic imaging in the ED?ConclusionsThe concepts discussed herein demonstrate the need for further research on CDR development and implementation regarding diagnostic imaging in the ED. Addressing this research agenda should have direct applicability to patients, clinicians, and health care systems.
Knowledge Translation and Barriers to Imaging Optimization in the Emergency Department: A Research Agenda
Authors: Probst Marc A. , Dayan Peter S. , Raja Ali S. , Slovis Benjamin H. , Yadav Kabir , Lam Samuel H. , Shapiro Jason S. , Farris Coreen , Babcock Charlene I. , Griffey Richard T. , Robey Thomas E. , Fortin Emily M. , Johnson Jamlik O. , Chong Suzanne T. , Davenport Moira , Grigat Daniel W. , Lang Eddy L. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResearchers have attempted to optimize imaging utilization by describing which clinical variables are more predictive of acute disease and, conversely, what combination of variables can obviate the need for imaging. These results are then used to develop evidence‐based clinical pathways, clinical decision instruments, and clinical practice guidelines. Despite the validation of these results in subsequent studies, with some demonstrating improved outcomes, their actual use is often limited. This article outlines a research agenda to promote the dissemination and implementation (also known as knowledge translation) of evidence‐based interventions for emergency department (ED) imaging, i.e., clinical pathways, clinical decision instruments, and clinical practice guidelines. We convened a multidisciplinary group of stakeholders and held online and telephone discussions over a 6‐month period culminating in an in‐person meeting at the 2015 Academic Emergency Medicine consensus conference. We identified the following four overarching research questions: 1) what determinants (barriers and facilitators) influence emergency physicians’ use of evidence‐based interventions when ordering imaging in the ED; 2) what implementation strategies at the institutional level can improve the use of evidence‐based interventions for ED imaging; 3) what interventions at the health care policy level can facilitate the adoption of evidence‐based interventions for ED imaging; and 4) how can health information technology, including electronic health records, clinical decision support, and health information exchanges, be used to increase awareness, use, and adherence to evidence‐based interventions for ED imaging? Advancing research that addresses these questions will provide valuable information as to how we can use evidence‐based interventions to optimize imaging utilization and ultimately improve patient care.
Relation between age of first drinking and mental health and alcohol and drug disorders in adulthood: evidence from a 35‐year cohort study
Authors: Newton‐Howes G. , Boden J. M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimsTo estimate associations between age of first drinking (AFD) and alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, cannabis dependence, illicit drug dependence, major depression and anxiety disorder in adulthood, net of a series of covariate factors.DesignData were obtained from a longitudinal birth cohort.SettingChristchurch, New Zealand.ParticipantsThe Christchurch Health Development Study (CHDS), a longitudinal study of a cohort born in 1977 and studied to age 35 years. Analysis samples ranged in size from 1056 (ages 11–13 years) to 962 (age 35 years); 50.2% of the total sample was male.MeasurementsA measure of AFD (ages 5–13+ years) was generated using latent class analysis. Outcome measures included: major depression, anxiety disorders, alcohol use disorder, nicotine dependence, cannabis dependence and other illicit drug dependence during the period 15–35 years. Covariate factors measured during childhood included family socio‐economic status, family functioning, parental alcohol‐related attitudes/behaviours and individual factors.FindingsEarlier AFD was associated significantly (P < 0.05) with increased risk of later alcohol use disorders, nicotine dependence and illicit drug dependence, and was associated marginally (P < 0.10) with cannabis dependence, but not depression or anxiety disorder. After controlling for covariate factors, the associations between AFD and outcomes were no longer statistically significant [alcohol use disorder: B = –0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) = –0.22, 0.08; nicotine dependence: B = –0.15, 95% CI = –0.34, 0.04; illicit drug dependence: B = –0.29, 95% CI = –0.73, 0.15; cannabis dependence: B = –0.05, 95% CI = –0.31, 0.22].ConclusionsThe associations between age of first drinking and later alcohol/drug disorders appear to be accounted for at least to some degree by factors related to characteristics of the individual and family during childhood.
Awareness and use of electronic cigarettes and heat‐not‐burn tobacco products in Japan
Authors: Tabuchi Takahiro , Kiyohara Kosuke , Hoshino Takahiro , Bekki Kanae , Inaba Yohei , Kunugita Naoki 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and AimsIn addition to some electronic cigarettes (e‐cigarettes), new heat‐not‐burn tobacco products Ploom and iQOS have recently begun to be sold by tobacco companies. These products are regulated differently in Japan, depending on whether the contents are liquid or tobacco leaf. Our objective was to estimate percentages of awareness and use of e‐cigarettes and heat‐not‐burn tobacco products among the Japanese population, including minors.Design and SettingAn internet survey (randomly sampled research agency panellists) with a propensity score adjustment for “being a respondent in an internet survey” using a nationally representative sample in Japan.ParticipantsA total of 8240 respondents aged 15–69 years in 2015 (4084 men and 4156 women).MeasurementsAdjusted percentages of awareness and use of e‐cigarettes (nicotine or non‐nicotine e‐cigarettes) and heat‐not‐burn products among total participants; product types and percentages ever used among e‐cigarettes ever users.FindingsOf respondents in Japan, 48% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 47–49] were aware of e‐cigarettes and heat‐not‐burn tobacco products, 6.6% (95% CI = 6.1–7.1) had ever used, 1.3% (95% CI = 1.0–1.5) had used in the last 30 days and 1.3% (95% CI = 1.1–1.6) had experience of > 50 sessions. Seventy‐two per cent (95% CI = 69–76) of ever users used non‐nicotine e‐cigarettes, while 33% (95% CI = 30–37) of them used nicotine e‐cigarettes, which has the majority share world‐wide; 7.8% (95% CI = 5.5–10.0) and 8.4% (95% CI = 6.1–10.7) of them used the new devices, Ploom and iQOS, respectively, with a relatively higher percentage among the younger population.ConclusionsApproximately half the respondents in a Japanese internet survey were aware of e‐cigarettes and heat‐not‐burn tobacco products, 6.6% had ever used. More than 70% of ever users used non‐nicotine e‐cigarettes, the sale of which is not legally prohibited, even to minors, in Japan, and 33% of them used nicotine e‐cigarettes; 3.5% of never smoking men and 1.3% of never smoking women had ever used e‐cigarettes. Corresponding figures for use in the last 30 days were 0.6% and 0.3%, predominantly non‐nicotine e‐cigarettes.
Detection of volume loss using the Nexfin device in blood donors
Authors: Nicia S. B. , van Veelen T. A. , Stens J. , Koopman M. M. W. , Boer C. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWe investigated which haemodynamic parameters derived from Nexfin non‐invasive continuous arterial blood pressure measurements are optimal to detect controlled volume loss in spontaneously breathing subjects. Haemodynamic monitoring was performed in 40 whole‐blood donors. Mean arterial pressure, cardiac index, systemic vascular resistance index and pulse pressure variation were recorded during controlled breathing, and a Valsalva manoeuvre was performed before and after blood donation. Blood donation resulted in a reduction in cardiac index (from 3.96 ± 0.84 l.min−1.m2 to 3.30 ± 0.61 l.min−1.m2; p < 0.001), an increase in systemic vascular resistance (from 1811 ± 450 dyn.s.cm−5.m2 to 2137 ± 428 dyn.s.cm−5.m2; p < 0.001) and an increase in pulse pressure variation (from 13.4 ± 5.1 to 15.3 ± 5.4%; p = 0.02). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve to detect volume loss was highest for cardiac index (0.94, 95% CI 0.88–0.99) and systemic vascular resistance (0.90, 95% CI 0.82–0.99). Nexfin is a non‐invasive haemodynamic monitor that can feasibly detect volaemic changes in spontaneously breathing subjects.
A randomised comparison between ultrasound and nerve stimulation for infraclavicular catheter placement
Authors: Dhir S. , Armstrong K. , Armstrong P. , Bouzari A. , Mall J. , Yu J. , Ganapathy S. , King G. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryWe conducted this study to determine if placement of infraclavicular catheters guided by ultrasound is quicker than placement guided by nerve stimulation. Infraclavicular brachial plexus catheters were inserted in 210 randomly allocated patients who were scheduled for elective hand or elbow surgery. Needle and catheter placement was guided by ultrasound (n = 105) or by nerve stimulation (n = 105). The primary outcome was time to sensory block success. Success rate was similar between the two techniques (83.2% vs 81.4%, p = 0.738). However, placement of ultrasound‐guided catheters took less time (7.2 [2.5] vs 9.6 [3.6] min, p < 0 .001). Pain and satisfaction scores, and incidence of nerve deficit, were also similar with both techniques.
Health‐related quality of life is unimpaired in children and adolescents with Marfan syndrome despite its distinctive phenotype
Authors: Mueller Goetz C. , Steiner Kristoffer , Wild Jeske M. , Stark Veronika , Kozlik‐Feldmann Rainer , Mir Thomas S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimMarfan syndrome (MFS) is a progressive, life‐threatening genetic disorder of the connective tissue, which causes impaired quality of life (QoL) in adults. This study investigated the quality of life in children and adolescents, taking into account their gender, age and how MFS affected their organs.MethodsThis prospective nonrandomised single‐centre study included 46 patients with verified MFS with a mean age of 10.98 years (±3.72). QoL was measured using the self‐reported, multidimensional KINDL‐R questionnaire and compared with an age‐matched control group of 174 children and adolescents.ResultsNo significant overall reduction of QoL was found. Total QoL scores for patients diagnosed at four to seven years were the same as the control group (77.65 ± 9.37 versus 77.06 ± 11.72), but they were higher for patients aged eight to 16 years (75.15 ± 9.19 versus 70.46 ± 11.35, p = 0.025). No gender‐specific differences or impairments in QoL during adolescence were observed (p > 0.05). Analysis of the effect of organ manifestation on QoL showed better or equal QoL scores (p > 0.05), despite distinctive phenotypes such as ectopia lentis.ConclusionQoL was fairly good in paediatric patients with MFS, and there was no impairment during adolescence. Despite the distinctive phenotype, quality of life was unimpaired in younger patients.
The course of social cognitive and metacognitive ability in depression: Deficit are only partially normalized after full remission of first episode major depression
Authors: Ladegaard Nicolai , Videbech Poul , Lysaker Paul H. , Larsen Erik R. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesResearch has suggested that patients suffering from major depressive disorder (MDD) experience deficits in the related domains of social cognition and metacognition. Most research has focused on detecting deficits among persons who are acutely symptomatic. Thus, little is known about whether these deficits persist after symptoms have remitted. As a first, this study investigated social cognitive and metacognitive deficits in patients with MDD in the acute and remitted state.DesignLongitudinal case–control.MethodsForty‐four drug‐naïve depressed patients and an equal number of matched healthy controls were assessed in multiple domains of social cognition including theory of mind, social perception, and metacognition. Additionally, a comprehensive neurocognitive (non‐social) test battery was utilized. Following baseline assessment, patients were enrolled in an outpatient treatment programme. Patients reaching remission within 6 months (n = 29) were reassessed 6 months post‐remission. Included for analysis were only patients who followed a course of remission (n = 29) and their paired healthy controls (n = 29).ResultsAnalyses of variance revealed that remitted patients performed significantly better at retest than at baseline on nearly all measures. These effects withstood adjusting for test–retest effects. Moreover, remitted patients performed up to level of healthy controls on some but not all social cognitive tasks and metacognition at retest.ConclusionsOverall, results suggests that social cognitive and metacognitive ability may improve with symptom remission in major depression although it may not reach a level equal to persons who have never experienced depression.Practitioner points

Many with first‐episode depression experience deficits in social cognition.

When first‐episode depression remits, social cognition may improve.

After remission, first‐episode depressed patients may still experience deficits in social cognition.

We have yet to determine whether social cognitive deficits existed prior to the onset of depression.

Longer‐term longitudinal studies of social cognition in depression are needed.

Treatment was pharmacological and non‐manualized psychotherapy, the effects of which were not controlled for.

Sample sizes were modest, which must caution against generalization of the results.
Mast cells in asthma – state of the art
Authors: Bradding P. , Arthur G. 
Published: November 2015

SummaryMast cells (MCs) play a central role in tissue homoeostasis, sensing the local environment through numerous innate cell surface receptors. This enables them to respond rapidly to perceived tissue insults with a view to initiating a co‐ordinated programme of inflammation and repair. However, when the tissue insult is chronic, the ongoing release of multiple pro‐inflammatory mediators, proteases, cytokines and chemokines leads to tissue damage and remodelling. In asthma, there is strong evidence of ongoing MC activation, and their mediators and cell–cell signals are capable of regulating many facets of asthma pathophysiology. This article reviews the evidence behind this.
RNA‐Seq data analysis identifies the comprehensive profile of in vivo interferon‐β‐stimulated genes in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Satoh Jun‐ichi , Takitani Mika , Miyoshi Junko , Kino Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesInterferon‐beta (IFNβ) is the most widely used drug for reducing the disease activity of multiple sclerosis (MS), although a considerable population of MS patients are refractory to IFNβ. To establish personalized therapy for MS, the molecular mechanism underlying the therapeutic effects of IFNβ in MS should be thoroughly characterized by aid of next‐generation sequencing technology.MethodsTo elucidate a comprehensive profile of in vivo IFNβ‐stimulated genes (ISGs) in MS patients, we analyzed a RNA sequencing (RNA‐Seq) dataset numbered SRP045500, composed of the genome‐wide transcriptome of whole blood and purified populations of CD4+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes isolated from MS patients at the time‐point before and 24 h after the first treatment with IFNβ1a.ResultsWe identified a set of 914 in vivo ISGs, containing a number of non‐coding RNAs and pseudogenes, along with differential spliced genes in the whole blood of MS patients. The set of 914 ISGs were relevant to the molecular pathways defined as “interferon signaling” and “proteasome,” and were closely associated with gene ontology terms of antiviral and immune responses. We also identified 640, 653 and 1018 ISGs from CD4+ T cells, B cells, and monocytes of MS patients receiving IFNβ treatment, respectively, and extracted 95 genes shared among the three cell types as the core set of ISGs. They included 78 genes that might serve as the most consistent blood biomarkers for assessment of the immediate early in vivo response to IFNβ treatment in MS.ConclusionsRNA‐Seq data analysis promotes us to characterize the comprehensive profile of in vivo ISGs in MS patients receiving IFNβ treatment.
The alveolar process following single‐tooth extraction: a study of maxillary incisor and premolar sites in man
Authors: Misawa Mônica , Lindhe Jan , Araújo Mauricio G. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectiveThe present investigation was performed to determine some dimensional alterations that occur in the alveolar process of the incisor and premolar sites of the maxilla following tooth removal.Material and methodsComputer‐assisted cone‐beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were obtained from the maxilla using an iCAT unit, and involved edentulous and contralateral tooth sites. For each site included in the study, parasagittal and axial reconstructions, 1 mm apart, were made and measurements of different variables (cross‐sectional area, height, and width) performed.ResultsThe study involved 69 subjects and disclosed that the cross‐sectional area and the height and width of the alveolar process of the lateral incisor site were the smallest and those of the second premolar the largest. All parameters had been significantly reduced after the completion of the ≥1 year of healing. Thus, the overall (i) cross‐sectional area was reduced from 99.1 to 65.0 mm2, (ii) the height from 11.5 to 9.5 mm, and (iii) the width from 8.5 to 3.2 mm (marginal 1/3rd), 8.9 to 4.8 mm (middle portion), and 9.0 to 5.7 mm (apical portion).ConclusionThe removal of single tooth caused marked hard tissue diminution. The loss of hard tissue was most pronounced in the buccal and marginal portions of the edentulous ridge that in most sites had acquired a triangular shape.
Maxillary 3‐implant removable prostheses without palatal coverage on Locator abutments – a case series
Authors: Mo Arild , Hjortsjö Carl , Olsen‐Bergem Heming , Jokstad Asbjørn 
Published: November 2015

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to present the clinical outcomes of patients with an edentulous maxilla treated with a removable prosthesis without palatal coverage retained by Locator abutments on three titanium implants.Material and methodsAll the patients in a private dental clinic consecutively treated up to 6 years earlier were invited for a follow‐up examination (n = 23). Two implants were placed bilaterally and one implant anteriorly in a tripod pattern. All patients underwent a clinical and radiological examination and completed questionnaires related to their experiences and satisfaction with the reconstructions. The prosthesis and implants were examined for adverse biological or technical aspects. Patient satisfaction and quality of life outcomes were collected using a self‐reported Denture Satisfaction Scale and OHIP‐20. Statistical analyses were limited to descriptive statistics.ResultsTwenty‐one of 23 invited participants consented to participate. We report in this study the outcomes of the study participants who had received their implants more than 2 years ago (n = 12). None of their 36 implants gave any indications of mobility or tenderness upon percussion. Suppuration was observed on one implant. Probing around the implants caused no (53%) or minor bleeding (47%). The incidence of adverse biological and technical events was near non‐existent. The rates of replacement of male attachments varied, as did any changes of male attachment retention force. All participants described the task of insertion and removal of the prosthesis as unproblematic. The marginal bone loss ranged between 0 and 5.3 mm. The OHIP‐20 and the Denture Satisfaction Questionnaire scores were high.ConclusionsThe results in this clinical study are positive and promising. Admittedly, the study design is purely retrospective and observational with a small participant cohort, so the technical solution of placing three implants in the edentulous maxilla to retain a removable prosthesis should be appraised further in more controlled studies.
A meta‐analysis of math performance in Turner syndrome
Authors: Baker Joseph M , Reiss Allan L 
Published: November 2015

AimStudies investigating the relationship between Turner syndrome and math learning disability have used a wide variation of tasks designed to test various aspects of mathematical competencies. Although these studies have revealed much about the math deficits common to Turner syndrome, their diversity makes comparisons between individual studies difficult. As a result, the consistency of outcomes among these diverse measures remains unknown. The overarching aim of this review is to provide a systematic meta‐analysis of the differences in math and number performance between females with Turner syndrome and age‐matched neurotypical peers.MethodWe provide a meta‐analysis of behavioral performance in Turner syndrome relative to age‐matched neurotypical populations on assessments of math and number aptitude. In total, 112 comparisons collected across 17 studies were included.ResultsAlthough 54% of all statistical comparisons in our analyses failed to reject the null hypothesis, our results indicate that meaningful group differences exist on all comparisons except those that do not require explicit calculation.InterpretationTaken together, these results help elucidate our current understanding of math and number weaknesses in Turner syndrome, while highlighting specific topics that require further investigation.