bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of dimensional accuracy for different complete edentulous impressions immersed in different disinfectant solutions
Authors: Ismail Hussein Abdelfattah , Mahross Hamada Z. , Shikho Suaad 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of two different disinfectant solutions' immersion on the dimensional accuracy of different complete edentulous impressions. Materials and Methods: A specific custom-made metallic cast template was constructed and used for making both 120 alginate and zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) paste impressions (60 for each). Disinfectants with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde were used for 10 and 60 min immersion of both impressions. After immersion time, the impressions were used for constructing 120 completely edentulous master stone models and divided into different groups according to the study. An electronic caliper was used for dimensional accuracy measurements of the casts. The data were collected and statistically analyzed according to the independent paired sample t-test at statistically significant level P< 0 05. One-way ANOVA test was used to compare between significant different groups. Results: There is no statistically significant difference in dimensional accuracy of alginate and ZOE paste impressions as disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 min and ZOE paste impressions for 60 min, where there is statistically significant difference in alginate impressions dimensional accuracy as disinfection with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde for 60 min. Conclusions: Possibility of ZOE impressions paste disinfected with 1% sodium hypochlorite and 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 or 60 min, not affecting on dimensional stability, while alginate impressions, only 10 min immersion in disinfectant not affecting the dimensional stability.
The Impact of Using Mean Versus Mode When Assessing Resident Competency
Authors: Barlow Patrick B. , Thoma Kate DuChene , Ferguson Kristi J. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Milestone Project was implemented in 2014 to standardize assessments and progression of residents. While it is recommended that milestones not be used as tools for direct assessments of resident competency, many programs have used or adapted milestone tools for this purpose.

Objective
We sought to explore use of the most frequent milestone level at which a resident was evaluated (ie, the mode), and compared this to the standard practice of using the arithmetic mean for summarizing performance.

Methods
We reviewed all Family Medicine Milestone evaluations from 1 program for the first 2 academic years of milestone implementation. Mean and mode scores were calculated across 24 unique residents, 841 evaluation forms, and 5897 measurements. The proportion of overestimation errors (where the mean is at least 0.5 larger than the mode) and underestimation errors (where the mean is at least 0.5 less than the mode) were then compared across resident training year and subcompetency.

Results
For the 24 residents, an estimation error occurred in 175 of 792 of the comparisons (22%). Of these errors, 118 (67%) were overestimation errors. First-year residents accounted for 55% (96 of 175) of all estimation errors. All subcompetencies had some estimation errors, with 6 having greater than 5%.

Conclusions
If the trend for using the milestones as stand-alone assessment tools is to continue, aggregating data by using frequency distributions and mode would be a more stable and appropriate approach given their nominal or, at best, ordinal nature.
Dignity of Agency in The Aftermath of Personal Apocalypse: Martha Nussbaum, Lionel Shriver, and the Ethics of the Particular
Authors: Rokotnitz Naomi 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This article tests Martha Nussbaum's assertion that a novel can be “a paradigm of moral activity” (1990: 148) and expands that claim beyond the boundaries Nussbaum is likely to have originally conceived, through a study of Lionel Shriver's controversial novel We Need to Talk About Kevin (2003). The article combines analysis of Shriver's narrative techniques and unorthodox moral argument with current clinical research, discussions of accountability in post-postmodern society, and Nussbaum's hopes for the place of fiction in such debates, particularly with regard to her distinction between the general and the particular in moral judgment. The article reveals how critical focus on violence in Shriver's novel has so far obscured Shriver's fierce and surprisingly optimistic ethical message. In addition to its astute anatomization of trauma, the novel offers readers a framework for envisioning rehabilitation from trauma that is both recuperative and generative. The process of mutual-reconstitution achieved by Shriver's characters challenges readers to reconfigure their expectations and assumptions; to engage with characters that court antipathy; and yet, to emerge from the experience profoundly humbled. Shriver thereby sets forth an existential model of significant importance to contemporary reformulations of notions of authentic self-becoming and of love's knowledge.
Evaluation of the Effect of Probiotic Administration on Gene Expression in Goat Blood
Authors: Ekwemalor Kingsley , Asiamah Emmanuel , Osei Bertha , Ismail Hamid , Worku Mulumebet 
Published: June 2017

The objective of this study was to assess the molecular impact of probiotic administration on genes involved in homeostasis and immunity in goat blood. Following initial screening for infection, one-week post weaning, female SpanishXBoer goats were drenched daily with the recommended doses of FASTtrak microbial pack (Conklin Company Inc., Shakopee, MN) in 10 mL sterile water over an 8-week period. The control group were given sterile water. Blood samples were collected weekly. Total RNA was isolated from blood collected at the beginning of the study (week 0) and at the end of the study (week 8) using Tri-reagent and then reverse-transcribed to cDNA using the Ambion-Retroscript kit. Quantification of genes was performed in the CFX96TM Biorad Real-Time PCR detection system with the addition of the dye SYBR green. The cow Wingless (Wnt) signaling pathway, Human Innate & Adaptive Immune Responses and the Cow Inflammatory Cytokine & Receptors RT² Profiler™ PCR Arrays (QIAGEN, Valencia, CA) were used to profile the expression of 84 genes involved in each pathway. Probiotic treatment had no effect on body weight, body condition, fecal egg count and RNA concentration (p>0.05). Packed cell volume and FAMACHA scores were significantly improved by probiotic administration. Results from RT-PCR showed increased expression of genes in innate and adaptive immune response, cytokine and Wnt pathways in response to probiotics. Probiotics induced the expression of 32 genes involved in innate and adaptive immune response inflammatory cytokines, and 48 genes involved in the Wnt signaling pathway. This study provides evidence for a systematic effect of oral probiotic administration on expression of genes involved in immunity and homeostasis in goat blood.
Creating a Patrotic History: Historical Source-Editing as National Monument
Authors: Widén Per 
Published: June 2017

‘Kungliga samfundet för utgivande av handskrifter rörande Skandinaviens historia’ [Royal society for the publication of manuscripts on Scandinavian history], a society dedicated to the editing and printing of historical source documents, was founded in Stockholm in 1815. Earlier research has focused upon the editorial praxis of the society’s publication, Handlingar rörande Skandinaviens historia. Here I focus more upon the monumental and museological aspects of the society’s work. Viewed as types of national monument, source editions from the romantic era can tell us something about how history was produced and popularised during this period. The source documents printed in Handlingar served as educational tools intended to help the reader better understand history, specifically in this case the history of Sweden. But such editions also functioned – like a museum or a monument – as triggers for emotions, memory, and historicity, and like those other institutions, romantic-period source editions played a significant role in the construction and negotiation of national memory and heritage.
Batti, figure de lectrice subalterne
Authors: Piégay Nathalie 
Published: June 2017

Batti, dans Les géorgiques (1981), est un personnage subalterne auquel le texte accorde pourtant une importance et même un privilège particuliers. En examinant la façon dont ce personnage de domestique lit les lettres du Général, nous verrons comment Claude Simon fait de la lecture une expérience sensible sans en négliger l’historicité. Plus, il semble que la lecture de Batti redouble celle du romancier : elle ouvre ainsi une réflexion implicite sur la discordance des choses et des signes et sur l’impact imaginaire que peut avoir une correspondance.
Traduction et art poétique, de Valéry à Bonnefoy
Authors: Charest Nelson 
Published: June 2017

Cet article tente de tracer un départage des poétiques du xxe siècle, entre ce que nous proposons d’appeler une ère poïétique et une ère herméneutique. Ces deux poétiques sont particulièrement visibles dans les oeuvres critiques de Paul Valéry, d’une part, et d’Yves Bonnefoy, d’autre part. Leurs traductions respectives, et tout particulièrement les réflexions qu’elles leur permettent d’établir sur leurs créations propres, semblent un lieu privilégié où ils élaborent des poétiques qui se veulent d’emblée comparatives et générales. Ainsi se comprennent mieux, à notre sens, leurs visions respectives de l’oeuvre mallarméenne et de sa philosophie du langage. Alors que Valéry considère la traduction et la création poétique comme un moyen d’accéder aux sources du travail poétique, maintenu constamment dans ses exigences, Bonnefoy les considère plutôt comme une tentative, toujours ouverte et a posteriori, de questionner le poème et de relancer sa précarité, son espérance.
Ars poetica (in vitro) : réflexions sur le réarmement du poème
Authors: Coste Didier 
Published: June 2017

L’absence de la poésie lyrique dans la poétique d’Aristote et longtemps après a permis et exigé la rédaction d’innombrables « arts poétiques », dont les fonctions, les contenus et la place dans l’oeuvre poétique n’ont cessé de varier. La perte d’autorité sociale du discours littéraire et la relégation du lyrique loin derrière la fiction narrative ont à la fois entraîné un développement potentiellement illimité du métapoétique au détriment de toute référence au monde et sauvé, parfois, le poème, de sa dissolution dans la prose. De la hantise et de la fascination du silence, chez Rilke, au retour d’un sujet souverain de ses incertitudes chez Guillevic, on constate le manque de la voix de l’autre, d’une voix autre que celle du sujet esseulé. Dire le manque ne suffit pas. La tâche du poème aujourd’hui serait de bâtir un espace pour cette voix et de faire en sorte qu’art poétique et poème du monde jouissent, eux aussi, chacun de son tour de parole.
Kıbrıs Türk Eğitim Tarihinde Shakespeare Okulu ve Nejmi Sagıp Bodamyalızade / Shakespeare School and Nejmi Sagip Bodamyalizade in Cyprus Turkish Education History
Authors: Özkul Ali Efdal , Özsezer Mete 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p class="yiv9127107781msonormal">Nejmi Sagıp Bodamyalızade, who was originally from Paphos in the south-west of Cyprus, completed his education at Oxford University. Then he returned to the island and established the Shakespeare School, which is one of the first private schools of the island. He has undertaken both teaching and school management roles here. Many Turkish Cypriots have been educated in this private school which offers English education. Nejmi Sagıp, which has a high level of general culture, has been nicknamed Feylosof (philosopher) by the community. During World War II, Nejmi Sagıp declared himself as a deputy of Cypriot Muslims by the signing of thousands of people in Nicosia. By using this title, Mr. Nejmi sent letters to the presidents and deputies of several countries, mainly the United Kingdom, defending the rights of Turkish Cypriots against the Enosis requests of Greek Cypriots. Mr. Nejmi has literary works besides education and political activities. One of his literary was the Quran which he translates to English. He also translated some of the classics of Turkish literature into English. Many people, especially the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw, Nobel Peace Prize-winning, have already begun to appreciate him for his translations. As a result, Mr. Nejmi has an important value for the Turkish Cypriot Political, Cultural and Educational history. </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Aslen Kıbrıs’ın güney batısında bulunan Baf Kazasından olan Nejmi Sagıp Bodamyalızade, Oxford Üniversitesi’ndeki eğitimini tamamladıktan sonra adaya dönerek adanın ilk özel okullarından olan Shakespeare Okulu’nu kurmuştur. Burada hem öğretmenlik hem de okul müdürlüğü görevlerini üstlenmiştir. İngilizce eğitim veren bu özel okulda birçok Kıbrıslı Türk eğitim almıştır. Genel kültür düzeyi yüksek olan Nejmi Sagıp’a halk tarafından Feylosof (Filozof) lakabı takılmıştır. Nejmi Sagıp, II. Dünya Savaşı sırasında Lefkoşa’da binlerce kişiden imza toplayarak kendisini Kıbrıslı Müslümanların vekili ilan etmiştir. Nejmi Bey bu unvanı kullanarak başta İngiltere olmak üzere birçok ülkenin başkan ve elçilerine Kıbrıslı Rumların Enosis taleplerine karşı Kıbrıs Türklerinin haklarını savunan mektuplar göndermiştir. Nejmi Bey’in eğitim ve siyasi faaliyetlerinin yanında edebi çalışmaları da bulunmaktadır. Kaleme aldığı edebi eserlerinden birisi de İngilizceye çevirdiği manzum Kur’an-ı Kerim’dir. Ayrıca Türk Edebiyatının klasiklerinin bazılarını da İngilizceye tercüme etmiştir. Yaptığı bu çeviriler sayesinde başta Nobel Barış ödülü sahibi İrlandalı yazar George Bernard Shaw olmak üzere birçok kişinin takdirini toplamayı başarmıştır. Sonuç olarak Nejmi Bey Kıbrıs Türk Siyasi, Kültürel ve Eğitim tarihinin bir dönemine damgasını vurmuştur denilebilir.</p>
Din Sosyolojisi Çalışmalarında Alan Araştırması Yapmanın Zorlukları / The Challenges of Conducting Fieldwork in Sociology of Religion
Authors: Yılmaz Selman 
Published: June 2017

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>The fieldwork is the most important data collection way for social sciences to analyze the society. However, conducting fieldwork bears physical, psychological, social, political, ethical or religious difficulties. Often a few of them, sometimes all of them may occur during a research. Many young researchers hear these difficulties only superficially and step the field without sufficient knowledge of what they encounter. This study examines the challenges of doing a fieldwork on religion. A significant part of the experienced difficulties constitute subjective judgments. However, experiencing similar difficulties by many researchers convert subjective judgments into objective facts. This study exams 100 M.A. theses and dissertations in the field of sociology of religion, and by basing on them, depicts difficulties of doing fieldwork. The study concludes that many people do not believe confidentiality and anonymity of fieldworks; therefore, they do not want to participate surveys and interviews or even if they participate, they do not reply every question. </p><p><strong>Öz</strong></p><p>Alan araştırmaları, sosyal bilimlerde toplumu analiz etmenin en önemli yapı taşını oluşturmaktadır. Ampirik veriler, akademik araştırmalar için oldukça önemli olmakla birlikte elde edilmeleri de bir o kadar zahmetlidir. Bu verilerin toplanması az veya çok fiziksel, psikolojik, sosyal, siyasi, etik veya dini zorluklardan çoğu zaman birkaçını bazen de hepsini barındırır. Birçok genç araştırmacı bu zorlukları yüzeysel olarak duymakta fakat tecrübe etmediği için zorluk derecesini kestiremeden alana inmektedir. Bu çalışma, din konusunda alan araştırması yaparken karşılaşılan zorlukları incelemektedir. Alanda yaşanan zorlukların önemli bir kısmı öznel yargılara dayanmaktadır. Ama benzer tecrübelerin birçok kişi tarafından yaşanması öznel yargıları nesnel gerçeklere çevirmektedir. Araştırmamızda, Din Sosyolojisi alanında yazılmış 100 farklı tez incelenmiş ve bunlar üzerinden alan araştırması sırasında karşılaşılan güçlükler resmedilmiştir. Çalışma, alana yeni giren genç araştırmacılara ışık tutacak ve kendilerini ileride karşılaşacakları zorluklara karşı hazırlayacaktır. Ayrıca alan araştırmalarında etik kodlar önemli bir yer tuttuğu için makalenin teorik kısmında etik kural ve kurulların oluşum tarihi de incelenmiştir. Araştırmamız göstermektedir ki alan araştırmalarında karşılaşılan sorunların birçoğu katılımcının araştırma ve araştırmacıya karşı duyduğu güven probleminden kaynaklanmaktadır. Birçok kişi kimliklerinin gizli kalacağını düşünmemekte ve bu sebeple araştırmaya katılmamakta veya katılsa bile kendince kritik öneme sahip sorulara cevap vermemeyi tercih etmektedir. </p>
Quantification of uncertainties in global grazing systems assessment
Authors: Fetzel T. , Havlik P. , Herrero M. , Kaplan J. O. , Kastner T. , Kroisleitner C. , Rolinski S. , Searchinger T. , Van Bodegom P. M. , Wirsenius S. , Erb K.‐H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLivestock systems play a key role in global sustainability challenges like food security and climate change, yet many unknowns and large uncertainties prevail. We present a systematic, spatially explicit assessment of uncertainties related to grazing intensity (GI), a key metric for assessing ecological impacts of grazing, by combining existing data sets on (a) grazing feed intake, (b) the spatial distribution of livestock, (c) the extent of grazing land, and (d) its net primary productivity (NPP). An analysis of the resulting 96 maps implies that on average 15% of the grazing land NPP is consumed by livestock. GI is low in most of the world's grazing lands, but hotspots of very high GI prevail in 1% of the total grazing area. The agreement between GI maps is good on one fifth of the world's grazing area, while on the remainder, it is low to very low. Largest uncertainties are found in global drylands and where grazing land bears trees (e.g., the Amazon basin or the Taiga belt). In some regions like India or Western Europe, massive uncertainties even result in GI > 100% estimates. Our sensitivity analysis indicates that the input data for NPP, animal distribution, and grazing area contribute about equally to the total variability in GI maps, while grazing feed intake is a less critical variable. We argue that a general improvement in quality of the available global level data sets is a precondition for improving the understanding of the role of livestock systems in the context of global environmental change or food security.
A binomial modeling approach for upscaling colloid transport under unfavorable conditions: Emergent prediction of extended tailing
Authors: Hilpert Markus , Rasmuson Anna , Johnson William P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractColloid transport in saturated porous media is significantly influenced by colloidal interactions with grain surfaces. Near‐surface fluid domain colloids experience relatively low fluid drag and relatively strong colloidal forces that slow their downgradient translation relative to colloids in bulk fluid. Near‐surface fluid domain colloids may reenter into the bulk fluid via diffusion (nanoparticles) or expulsion at rear flow stagnation zones, they may immobilize (attach) via primary minimum interactions, or they may move along a grain‐to‐grain contact to the near‐surface fluid domain of an adjacent grain. We introduce a simple model that accounts for all possible permutations of mass transfer within a dual pore and grain network. The primary phenomena thereby represented in the model are mass transfer of colloids between the bulk and near‐surface fluid domains and immobilization. Colloid movement is described by a Markov chain, i.e., a sequence of trials in a 1‐D network of unit cells, which contain a pore and a grain. Using combinatorial analysis, which utilizes the binomial coefficient, we derive the residence time distribution, i.e., an inventory of the discrete colloid travel times through the network and of their probabilities to occur. To parameterize the network model, we performed mechanistic pore‐scale simulations in a single unit cell that determined the likelihoods and timescales associated with the above colloid mass transfer processes. We found that intergrain transport of colloids in the near‐surface fluid domain can cause extended tailing, which has traditionally been attributed to hydrodynamic dispersion emanating from flow tortuosity of solute trajectories.
Regional‐scale development of opening‐mode calcite veins due to silica diagenesis
Authors: Hooker John N. , Huggett Jennifer M. , Cartwright Joe , Ali Hussein Mohammad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe formation and distribution of natural fractures in Cretaceous‐Paleogene strata in Jordan are strongly tied to diagenetic processes, which in turn reflect the lithology of the host material. Observations collected from subsurface cores show that widespread fracturing began before compaction of the host sediment was complete, based on ptygmatic folding of one set of mineral‐filled fractures (veins). Nonfolded veins are preferentially developed within heavily cemented layers. Calcium carbonate is the greatest volumetric component of the host sediment, and most fractures are at least partially filled by calcite. Dolomite‐bearing and silica‐bearing fractures are present in dolomitized and silicified host beds, respectively. Horizontal veins are filled by cone‐in‐cone calcite or, rarely, silica or dolomite. The stratigraphic arrangement and degree of compaction around ptygmatically folded calcite veins and chert nodules suggest that silica diagenesis was an important driver of early fractures. Nevertheless, those fractures were filled with carbonate cements as they opened, based on crack‐seal texture of the vein fill. The volume loss associated with silica diagenesis created fracture porosity, which was filled coevally by carbonate cements. The distribution of later veins reflects embrittlement of host layers by cementation and is consistent with crustal deformation as the primary fracture driver.
Karst‐driven flexural isostasy in North‐Central Florida
Authors: Woo Han Byul , Panning Mark P. , Adams Peter N. , Dutton Andrea 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDeformed marine terraces can be used to explore a region's uplift history. Trail Ridge is a marine terrace in north Florida that is nearly 80 m above modern sea level and contains Quaternary marine fossils, a fact that is inconsistent with estimates of paleo‐sea level history since the early Pleistocene. This implies that the terrace has experienced uplift since its formation, as well as nonuniform deformation recorded by the warping of its previously horizontal state. The Florida carbonate platform, located on the passive margin of eastern North America, is a setting where nontectonic influences (e.g. isostatic adjustment, dynamic topography) can be examined. We present a single‐transect, numerical model of vertical displacement, derived from elastic flexure, to assess the influence of karst‐driven isostatic uplift on present day topography of Trail Ridge in north Florida. Flexural modeling predicts elevations in central Florida not observed today, most likely because surface erosion and karst cavity collapse have obliterated this high topography. Older subsurface stratigraphic units, however, display the arched profile predicted from flexural modeling. Mass loss, calculated by differencing modeled topography and observed topography, was found to be 6.75
kg, since emplacement of Trail Ridge. Uplift rates, assuming karst‐driven flexural isostasy alone, using previously estimated ages of Trail Ridge of 0.125, 1.4, 3, or 3.5 Ma were found to be 0.535, 0.048, 0.022, and 0.019 mm/yr, respectively. A more likely explanation of uplift includes contributions from dynamic topography and glacial isostatic adjustment which should be further explored with more advanced geophysical modeling.