bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What could you do with 400 years of biological history on african americans? Evaluating the potential scientific benefit of systematic studies of dental and skeletal materials on African Americans from the 17th through 20th centuries
Authors: Jackson Fatimah , Jackson Latifa , Cross Christopher , Clarke Cameron 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesHow important is it to be able to reconstruct the lives of a highly diverse, historically recent macroethnic group over the course of 400 years? How many insights into human evolutionary biology and disease susceptibilities could be gained, even with this relatively recent window into the past? In this article, we explore the potential ramifications of a newly constructed dataset of Four Centuries of African American Biological Variation (4Cs).MethodsThis article provides initial lists of digitized variables formatted as SQL tables for the 17th and 18th century samples and for the 19th and 20th century samples.ResultsThis database is dynamic and new information is added yearly. The database provides novel opportunities for significant insights into the past biological history of this group and three case study applications are detailed for comparative computational systems biology studies of (1) hypertension, (2) the oral microbiome, and (3) mental health disorders.ConclusionsThe 4Cs dataset is ideal for interdisciplinary “next generation” science research and these data represent a unique step toward the accumulation of historically contextualized Big Data on an underrepresented group known to have experienced differential survival over time. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:510–513, 2016. © 2016 The Authors American Journal of Human Biology Published byWiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Total Synthesis and Structural Assignment of Hexaketide Xylarinol B and its C1′‐Epimer
Authors: Mullapudi Venkannababu , Ramana Chepuri V. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe total synthesis of two isomeric hexaketides isolated along with sordarial, which have the proposed relative arabino and ribo configurations, has been executed. A Rh‐catalyzed [2+2+2]‐alkyne cyclotrimerization has been employed as the key reaction to construct the central dihydroisobenzofuran core. The absolute configuration of the xylarinol B hexaketide has been established as l‐arabino. This is the first natural product of this family for which the absolute configuration has been determined, and this can be extended to provide structural details of several of related hexaketides.
Electrocatalytic O2 Reduction at a Bio‐inspired Mononuclear Copper Phenolato Complex Immobilized on a Carbon Nanotube Electrode
Authors: Gentil Solène , Serre Doti , Philouze Christian , Holzinger Michael , Thomas Fabrice , Le Goff Alan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn original copper‐phenolate complex, mimicking the active center of galactose oxidase, featuring a pyrene group was synthesized. Supramolecular pi‐stacking allows its efficient and soft immobilization at the surface of a Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube (MWCNT) electrode. This MWCNT‐supported galactose oxidase model exhibits a 4 H+/4 e− electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction at a redox potential of 0.60 V vs. RHE at pH 5.
A Simple Graphical Method to Determine the Order in Catalyst
Authors: Burés Jordi 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA graphical analysis to elucidate the order in catalyst is presented. This analysis uses a normalized time scale, t [cat]Tn, to adjust entire reaction profiles constructed with concentration data. The method is fast and simple to perform because it directly uses the concentration data, therefore avoiding the data handling that is usually required to extract rates. Compared to methods that use rates, the normalized time scale analysis requires fewer experiments and minimizes the effects of experimental errors by using information on the entire reaction profile.
Target‐Induced and Equipment‐Free DNA Amplification with a Simple Paper Device
Authors: Liu Meng , Hui Christy Y. , Zhang Qiang , Gu Jimmy , Kannan Balamurali , Jahanshahi‐Anbuhi Sana , Filipe Carlos D. M. , Brennan John D. , Li Yingfu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe report on a paper device capable of carrying out target‐induced rolling circle amplification (RCA) to produce massive DNA amplicons that can be easily visualized. Interestingly, we observed that RCA was more proficient on paper than in solution, which we attribute to a significantly higher localized concentration of immobilized DNA. Furthermore, we have successfully engineered a fully functional paper device for sensitive DNA or microRNA detection via printing of all RCA‐enabling molecules within a polymeric sugar film formed from pullulan, which was integrated with the paper device. This encapsulation not only stabilizes the entrapped reagents at room temperature but also enables colorimetric bioassays with minimal steps.
Redox‐Switchable 20π‐, 19π‐, and 18π‐Electron 5,10,15,20‐Tetraaryl‐5,15‐diazaporphyrinoid Nickel(II) Complexes
Authors: Satoh Takaharu , Minoura Mao , Nakano Haruyuki , Furukawa Ko , Matano Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe first examples of air‐stable 20π‐electron 5,10,15,20‐tetraaryl‐5,15‐diaza‐5,15‐dihydroporphyrins, their 18π‐electron dications, and the 19π‐electron radical cation were prepared through metal‐templated annulation of nickel(II) bis(5‐arylamino‐3‐chloro‐8‐mesityldipyrrin) complexes followed by oxidation. The neutral 20π‐electron derivatives are antiaromatic and the cationic 18π‐electron derivatives are aromatic in terms of the magnetic criterion of aromaticity. The meso N atoms in these diazaporphyrinoids give rise to characteristic redox and optical properties for the compounds that are not typical of isoelectronic 5,10,15,20‐tetraarylporphyrins.
Removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions in batch systems using activated perlite: an application of response surface methodology
Authors: Baei Mazyar Sharifzadeh , Esfandian Hossein , Nesheli Arash Azizzadeh 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe aim of this research is to facilitate the adsorption of nitrate on perlite acid treated with dilute H2SO4 solutions. The activated perlite with 0.06 N sulfuric acid resulted in a higher efficiency in the removal of NO3− from aqueous solutions and was adopted for subsequent investigations. To analyze the process, a significant variable, i.e. removal efficiency (%) of nitrate and three dependent parameters as the process responses, was examined through a central composite design under the response surface methodology. The optimum conditions included pH 5, contact time of 120 min and an adsorbent amount of 0.7 g. The percentage removal of NO3− in batch administrations was 91.01. © 2016 The Authors Asia‐Pacific Journal of Chemical Engineering published by Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]naphtho[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene based medium bandgap conjugated polymers for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Yang Chunyan , Li Huijuan , Tong Junfeng , Li Jianfeng , Zhang Peng , Xia Yangjun 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThree novel medium band gap (MBG) conjugated polymers (CPs) (named as P1, P2, and P3, respectively) were developed by copolymerizing 2,7‐dibromo‐10,11‐di(2‐hexyldecyloxy)dithieno[2,3‐d:2′,3′‐d′]naphtho[2,1‐b:3,4‐b′]dithiophene (NDT‐Br) with three different units: 2,5‐bis(tributylstannyl)thiophene, 2,5‐bis(trimethylstannyl)thieno[3,2‐b]thiophene and trans−1,2‐bis(tributylstannyl)ethene, respectively. The thermal, optical, and electrochemical properties of the polymers were investigated. All of the polymers have good thermal stability and medium band gap (∼ 1.9 eV). Prototype bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells based on the blend P1/P2/P3 and [6, 6] phenyl‐C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM) were assembled and the photovoltaic properties were assessed. Power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 1.61% ∼ 2.43% have been obtained under 100 mW cm−2 illumination (AM1.5). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43288.
Water vapor sorption and diffusion in wheat straw particles and their impact on the mass transfer properties of biocomposites
Authors: Wolf Caroline , Guillard Valérie , Angellier‐Coussy Hélène , Silva Gabriella Ghizzi D. , Gontard Nathalie 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThis work intends to decipher the role of hydrophilic fillers, wheat straw fibers (WSF), on the water vapor transfer properties (sorption and diffusion) of biocomposites based on poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate), (PHBV) as matrix. Transfer in biocomposites, measured using dynamical vapor sorption measurement, is correlated to the transfer properties of each individual constituent and to the specific structural arrangements induced by the presence of particles inside the matrix. Increasing amounts of WSF particles in the PHBV matrix lead to an increase of the water vapor sorption (WVS) of the resulting composites. This is attributed to the high sorption of hydrophilic WSF as compared to that of the neat PHBV matrix. Water vapor diffusion in composites (around 0.13 × 10−11 m2 s−1 at 20°C whatever the filler content) is always lower than in the neat matrix (0.26 × 10−11 m2 s−1) although wheat straw displays high diffusivity values (1.84 × 10−11 m2 s−1). Such unexpected behavior is related to (1) changes of structure and properties of the WSF particle once embedded in the PHBV matrix, (2) changes in the polymer matrix structure and properties in contact with fibers, and also (3) to the representativeness of the filler diffusivity, which is difficult to appraise. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43329.
Synthesis and characterization of MC nylon/modified yttrium hydroxide nanocomposites
Authors: Chen Jia , Volinsky Alex A. , He Wei 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, monomer casting (MC) nylon is synthesized. MC nylon could replace nonferrous metals in certain applications, including gears, wheels, and other moving parts. However, compared with metals, MC nylon products have poor strength and stiffness, and crack easily, especially at low temperatures. In addition, the dimensional stability of MC nylon is poor, especially in the large casting nylon products, causing significant internal stresses due to shrinkage. Thus, MC nylon cracks easily when cast and molded. The yttrium hydroxide particles are modified by stearic acid and dispersed in the caprolactam. The polymerization time is short due to fast anionic polymerization. Copolymerization with different ratios of yttrium hydroxide particles can be used to prepare the copolymer. The effects of different amounts of yttrium hydroxide on the performance of the monomer casting nylon are studied. The products are characterized using X‐ray diffraction, impact, and tensile testing. When the percentage of modified yttrium hydroxide is 0.3 wt %, the composite exhibits the maximum impact strength, thus the 0.3 wt % of modified yttrium hydroxide is the suitable percentage to enhance the impact strength of MC nylon. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43356.
Synthesis and properties of amphiprotic polyacrylamide microspheres as water shutoff and profile control
Authors: Yu Zhisheng , Li Yingcheng , Sha Ou , Su Zhiqing , Zhou Wenle 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTHeat‐ and salt‐resistant amphiprotic polyacrylamide microsphere (APMS) was synthesized using inverse microemulsion polymerization method. The microstructure, swellability, filtration, and core flooding performances were tested and characterized. FT‐IR spectroscopy indicates that APMS was successfully prepared. Morphological analysis reveals that it is relatively uniform and spherical with an average diameter about 50 nm. Its average diameter increases up to 634 nm after aging at 90°C for 7 days in synthetic brine. After aging for 30 days, the particle size is decreased to 482 nm. But the swelling magnification is still 9.6 times its initial diameter. Compared with the traditional microspheres, APMS exhibits excellent thermal stability, salt resistance, and swelling properties. In addition, the plugging factor is in the range of 0.236 to 0.317, and the number of particles for bridge‐plugging is slightly increased from 2 to 4 over aging time. Moreover, the plugging parameters show that APMS can favorably enter and effectively plug the artificial cores with permeability of 0.19 to 0.50 µm2 by deformation, breakthrough and migration, bridging and plugging mechanisms. Furthermore, APMS also shows well its resistance to water flushing and good plugging strength in continuous injection experiment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43366.
Association Between Ischemic Stroke and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Therapy in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Low Audrey S. L. , Lunt Mark , Mercer Louise K. , Watson Kath D. , Dixon William G. , Symmons Deborah P. M. , Hyrich Kimme L. 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivePatients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at an increased risk of ischemic stroke. Tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) may influence risk and mortality after ischemic stroke by reducing inflammation. This study was undertaken to examine the association of TNFi with the risk of incident ischemic stroke and with 30‐day and 1‐year mortality after ischemic stroke.MethodsPatients with RA starting therapy with TNFi and a biologics‐naive comparator group treated with synthetic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) only were recruited to the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register for Rheumatoid Arthritis from 2001 to 2009. Patients were followed up via clinical and patient questionnaires as well as the national death register. Incident strokes were classified as ischemic if brain imaging reports suggested ischemia or if ischemic stroke was reported as the underlying cause of death on a death certificate. Patients with a previous stroke were excluded. Risk of ischemic stroke was compared between patients receiving synthetic DMARDs only and those ever‐exposed to TNFi using a Cox proportional hazards regression model adjusted for potential confounders. Mortality after ischemic stroke was compared between synthetic DMARD–treated patients and TNFi‐treated patients using logistic regression, adjusted for age and sex.ResultsTo April 2010, 127 verified incident ischemic strokes (21 in 3,271 synthetic DMARD–treated patients and 106 in 11,642 TNFi‐treated patients) occurred during 11,973 and 61,226 person‐years of observation, respectively (incidence rate 175 versus 173 per 100,000 person‐years). After adjustment for confounders, there was no association between ever‐exposure to TNFi and ischemic stroke (hazard ratio 0.99 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.54–1.81]). Mortality 30 days or 1 year after ischemic stroke was not associated with concurrent TNFi exposure (odds ratio 0.18 [95% CI 0.03–1.21] and 0.60 [95% CI 0.16–2.28], respectively).ConclusionExposure to TNFi does not appear to influence the occurrence of ischemic stroke in the medium term in patients with RA. The impact on mortality after ischemic stroke remains inconclusive.
Cloning, expression, and characterization of a novel sialidase from Brevibacterium casei
Authors: Wang Xuedong , Long Hui , Shen Danhong , Liu Long 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe sialidase gene from Brevibacterium casei was cloned in pET28a and overexpressed as a histidine‐tagged protein in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The histidine‐tagged sialidase protein was purified and characterized from the crude cell extracts of isopropyl‐β‐d‐thiogalactopyranoside‐induced cells using Ni‐NTA agarose chromatography. SDS‐PAGE using the purified sialidase indicated a single band at 116 kDa. This sialidase showed maximum activity at a pH of 5.5 and temperature of 37 °C. The kinetic parameters Km and Vmax for the artificial substrate 2′‐(4‐methylumbelliferyl)‐α‐d‐N‐acetyl‐neuraminic acid sodium salt hydrate were 1.69 × 10−3 mM and 244 mmol·Min−1·mg−1, respectively. The sialidase may catalyze the hydrolysis of terminal sialic acids linked by the α‐(2,3) and α‐(2,8) linkage of polysialogangliosides, but it does not act on monosialotetrahexosylganglioside (GM1), which offers it a great potential for commercially producing GM1 from polysialogangliosides.
Tissue distribution of teneligliptin in rats and comparisons with data reported for other dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors
Authors: Nakamaru Yoshinobu , Akahoshi Fumihiko , Iijima Hiroaki , Hisanaga Noriko , Kume Toshiyuki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe tissue distribution of teneligliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)‐4 inhibitor, was investigated in rats, and compared with tissue distributions previously reported for other DPP‐4 inhibitors. Following the oral administration of [14C]teneligliptin to Sprague–Dawley rats, it was predominantly distributed to the kidney and liver, followed by the lung, spleen and pituitary gland. The elimination half‐life (t1/2) of [14C]teneligliptin was 68.3 and 69.0 h in the kidney and liver, respectively; these values were about 10 times greater than the plasma t1/2. Of note, the elimination of [14C]teneligliptin from tissues with high DPP‐4 activity (kidney, liver and lung) was slower in wild‐type rats than in DPP‐4‐deficient rats, especially in the kidney. By contrast, in the heart and pancreas, which weakly express DPP‐4, no difference was observed in [14C]teneligliptin concentrations between the two animal strains. In the kidney, most radioactivity was attributable to unchanged teneligliptin from 0.5 to 72 h after administration. The marked difference in the distribution of [14C]teneligliptin between the two strains suggests that the high binding affinity of teneligliptin for DPP‐4 is involved in its tissue distribution. The currently marketed DPP‐4 inhibitors are highly distributed to the liver, kidney and lung, but the extent of tissue distribution varies greatly among the drugs. The differences in the tissue distributions of DPP‐4 inhibitors might be related to differences in their pleiotropic effects. © 2016 The Authors Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Investigation on the interaction between isorhamnetin and bovine liver catalase by spectroscopic techniques under different pH conditions
Authors: Yang Yumin , Li Daojin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe binding of isorhamnetin to bovine liver catalase (BLC) was first investigated at 302, 310 and 318 K at pH 7.4 using spectroscopic methods including fluorescence spectra, circular dichroism (CD) and UV–vis absorption. Spectrophotometric observations are rationalized mainly in terms of a static quenching process. The binding constants and binding sites were evaluated by fluorescence quenching methods. Enzymatic activity of BLC in the absence and presence of isorhamnetin was measured using a UV/vis spectrophotometer. The result revealed that the binding of isorhamnetin to BLC led to a reduction in the activity of BLC. The positive entropy change and enthalpy change indicated that the interaction of isorhamnetin with BLC was mainly driven by hydrophobic forces. The distance r between the donor (BLC) and acceptor (isorhamnetin) was estimated to be 2.99 nm according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence, and CD spectra showed no obvious change in the conformation of BLC upon the binding of isorhamnetin. In addition, the influence of pH on the binding of isorhamnetin to BLC was investigated and the binding ability of the drug to BLC deceased under other pH conditions (pH 9.0, 6.5, 5.0, 3.5, or 2.0) as compared with that at pH 7.4. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interplay of persuasion inference and flow experience in an entertaining food advergame
Authors: Ham Chang‐Dae , Yoon Gunwoo , Nelson Michelle R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIncreasingly, unhealthy food is being advertised through online games known as advergames. The advergame is designed for entertaining fun to promote the brand featured in the game. But what happens if the food advertised is healthy or the source of the game is non‐commercial? This study examines how people's entertainment (flow experience) interacts with their inference about the persuasion impact of food brands featured in an advergame, which vary according to their persuasion knowledge about the source (e.g., non‐commercial versus commercial) and the perceived persuasion effect on self (e.g., beneficial versus harmful). Results of an experiment show that flow is positively associated with persuasion effects of the advergame. Brand attitudes and purchase intentions were the most favorable for non‐commercial brands with perceived benefits (healthy food) followed by commercial brands (healthy food) and commercial brands with harmful effects (less healthy food). However, persuasion effects for purchase intention were mitigated when participants were immersed in a flow state. Ramifications for persuasion and health promotions are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Competitive Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay System for Adenylation Domains in Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases
Authors: Ishikawa Fumihiro , Kakeya Hideaki 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe describe a proof‐of‐concept study of a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) system for the adenylation (A) domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) with active‐site‐directed probes coupled to a 5′‐O‐N‐(aminoacyl)sulfamoyladenosine scaffold. A biotin functionality immobilizes the probes onto a streptavidin‐coated solid support. Dissociation constants were determined with a series of ligands, including enzyme substrates and a library of sulfamoyloxy‐linked aminoacyl/aryl‐AMP analogues. As it enables direct readout of protein–ligand interaction, the competitive ELISA technique provided information on comparative structure– activity relationships and insights into the enzyme active‐site architecture of NRPS A‐domains. These studies indicate that the ELISA technique can accelerate the discovery of small‐molecule inhibitors of the A‐domains with new scaffolds that perturb the production of NRPS‐related virulence factors.
Adrenal oncoctyoma of uncertain malignant potential: a rare etiology of adrenal incidentaloma
Authors: Kedia Rohit R. , Muinov Lucy , Lele Subodh M. , Shivaswamy Vijay 
Published: January 2016

Key Clinical MessageA rare cause for rapid adrenal enlargement is adrenal oncocytoma of uncertain malignant potential. A full biochemical evaluation is warranted to screen secreting adrenal adenomas as well as to evaluate adrenal cortical carcinoma. Careful pathologic evaluation is required as the diagnosis of AOC cannot be made by imaging.
Intermolecular Peptide Cross‐Linking by Using Diaminodicarboxylic Acids
Authors: Kamalov Meder , Kaur Harveen , Brimble Margaret A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSynthetic methods aimed at preparing peptides cross‐linked by diaminodiacids remain an important chemical challenge. These cross‐links are known to play a crucial role on the activity, structural stability, and folding of the host peptides and proteins. Recent developments in the syntheses of such systems have led to intriguing advances in the understanding of intermolecular side‐chain cross‐linking and the role that these structural motifs play in the biochemistry of proteins. Herein we provide an overview of the existing synthetic methodology that has been developed to effect protein cross‐linking using diaminodiacids.