bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caen dans les guerres de Religion : autour de Jean Pelet, frère du gouverneur Gaspard de La Vérune (1589-1594) inhumé dans l’église du château de Caen
Authors: Dauvin Antoine 
Published: September 2016

L’étude tente d’identifier un défunt enterré dans le chœur de l’église Saint-Georges de Caen en avril 1594, dont l’épitaphe se limite au nom de la seigneurie, « Messire des Perlages ». Depuis sa transcription par Georges Bouet en 1861, l’identité de ce frère du gouverneur Gaspard Pelet de La Vérune demeurait incertaine, en raison des trop nombreux nobles languedociens pouvant lui correspondre. L’hypothèse proposée s’appuie sur les sources municipales de la ville de Caen, plusieurs documents militaires concernant le château et le fonds de la famille Pelet de La Vérune, conservé aux Archives départementales de l’Hérault. L’article comprend des éléments biographiques sur ce militaire, soulignant ses actions importantes dans la défense de la ville pendant les luttes d’Henri IV contre la Ligue (1589-1594). Il explique également les circonstances de la transmission de la terre des Perlages à ce cadet du Languedoc.
Bibliothèques universitaires : le retard français ? Histoire comparée des bibliothèques universitaires de Caen et de Cardiff (1945-1980)
Authors: Féret Romain 
Published: September 2016

Les comparaisons nationales entre les bibliothèques universitaires françaises et britanniques ou allemandes concluent à un retard conséquent des premières, dû à une insuffisance de moyens financiers. Cette étude s’écarte d’une approche nationale pour comparer deux bibliothèques : les bibliothèques universitaires de Caen et de Cardiff. Cela conduit à souligner les limites des comparaisons statistiques nationales en questionnant la pertinence de certains indicateurs. L’écart qui se creuse dans la qualité des services de ces deux bibliothèques ne peut pas être attribué uniquement à une insuffisance de moyens de la bibliothèque universitaire de Caen. Celle-ci a souffert d’une vision trop restrictive de ses fonctions et de son éloignement de sa communauté universitaire. La bibliothèque de l’université de Cardiff a au contraire profité d’une grande proximité avec son université pour diversifier ses services et les adapter aux évolutions de son environnement.
Phylogenetic analysis of Micracidini bark beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) demonstrates a single trans-Atlantic disjunction and inclusion ofCactopinusin the New World clade
Authors: Jordal Bjarte H. , Kaidel Johanna 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMicracidini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is an unusual tribe of mainly bigynous bark beetles found in dry forests and scrublands in Afrotropical and Neotropical regions. Their phylogenetic relationship to other bark beetle groups is poorly known with few clues from external morphology. Hence, a phylogenetic analysis of five genes (COI, EF-1a, 28S, CAD, ArgK) and morphological (internal and external) data was conducted to test potential sister group relationships, including 56 outgroup genera in 22 tribes, and 18 species in 10 genera of Micracidini.CactopinusSchwarz – a genus with many cactus feeding species – was nested within a clade of all Neotropical and Nearctic genera. The New World was colonised by an Afrotropical ancestor about 75–85 million years ago, where cactus feeding inCactopinusevolved much later. All analyses indicated a paraphyletic clade of Afrotropical micracidines, strongly supporting inclusion of the Ipini genusDendrochilusSchedl inAfromicracisSchedl. Hypoborini appear to be one of the more plausible sistergroup candidates to Micracidini, and revealed morphological similarity in protibial and proventricular characters. Most phylogenetic results were supported independently by morphological and molecular data and therefore document the power of thorough examination of morphological characters analysed properly in a phylogenetic context.
Novel Evasion Mechanisms of the Classical Complement Pathway
Authors: Garcia Brandon L. , Zwarthoff Seline A. , Rooijakkers Suzan H. M. , Geisbrecht Brian V. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Complement is a network of soluble and cell surface-associated proteins that gives rise to a self-amplifying, yet tightly regulated system with fundamental roles in immune surveillance and clearance. Complement becomes activated on the surface of nonself cells by one of three initiating mechanisms known as the classical, lectin, and alternative pathways. Evasion of complement function is a hallmark of invasive pathogens and hematophagous organisms. Although many complement-inhibition strategies hinge on hijacking activities of endogenous complement regulatory proteins, an increasing number of uniquely evolved evasion molecules have been discovered over the past decade. In this review, we focus on several recent investigations that revealed mechanistically distinct inhibitors of the classical pathway. Because the classical pathway is an important and specific mediator of various autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, in-depth knowledge of novel evasion mechanisms could direct future development of therapeutic anti-inflammatory molecules.
Reduced fine sediment flux and channel change in response to the managed
diversion of an upland river channel
Authors: Perks Matthew Thomas , Warburton Jeff 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. This paper describes the implementation of a novel mitigation approach and subsequent adaptive management, designed to reduce the transfer of fine sediment (< 2 mm) in Glaisdale Beck, a small, predominantly upland catchment in the UK. Hydro-meteorological and suspended sediment data sets are collected over a 2-year period spanning pre- and post-diversion periods in order to assess the impact of the channel reconfiguration scheme on the fluvial suspended sediment dynamics. Analysis of the river response demonstrates that the fluvial sediment system has become more restrictive with reduced fine sediment transfer. This is characterized by reductions in flow-weighted mean suspended sediment concentrations from 77.93 mg L−1 prior to mitigation, to 74.36 mg L−1 following the diversion. A Mann–Whitney U test found statistically significant differences (p < 0.001) between the pre- and post-monitoring median suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs). Whilst application of one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) on the coefficients of sediment rating curves developed before and after the diversion found statistically significant differences (p < 0.001), with both Loga and b coefficients becoming smaller following the diversion. Non-parametric analysis indicates a reduction in residuals through time (p < 0.001), with the developed LOWESS model over-predicting sediment concentrations as the channel stabilizes. However, the channel is continuing to adjust to the reconfigured morphology, with evidence of a headward propagating knickpoint which has migrated 120 m at an exponentially decreasing rate over the last 7 years since diversion. The study demonstrates that channel reconfiguration can be effective in mitigating fine sediment flux in headwater streams but the full value of this may take many years to achieve whilst the fluvial system slowly readjusts.
Causes and consequences of the sinkhole at El Trébol of Quito, Ecuador –
implications for economic damage and risk assessment
Authors: Toulkeridis Theofilos , Rodríguez Fabián , Arias Jiménez Nelson , Baile Débora Simón , Martínez Rodolfo Salazar , Addison Aaron , Carreón Freyre Dora , Mato Fernando , Díaz Perez Carmen 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The so-called El Trébol is a critical road interchange in Quito connecting the north and south regions of the city. In addition, it connects Quito with the highly populated Los Chillos Valley, one of the most traveled zones in the Ecuadorian capital. El Trébol was constructed in the late 1960s in order to resolve the traffic jams of the capital city and for that purpose the Machángara River was rerouted through an underground concrete box tunnel. In March 2008, the tunnel contained a high amount of discarded furniture that had been impacting the top portion of the tunnel, compromising the structural integrity. On 31 March 2008 after a heavy rainfall a sinkhole of great proportions formed in the Trébol traffic hub. In the first few minutes, the sinkhole reached an initial diameter of 30 m. The collapse continued to grow in the following days until the final dimensions of 120 m in diameter and some 40 m of depth, revealing the Machángara River at the base of the sinkhole.A state of emergency was declared. The cause of the sinkhole was a result of the lack of monitoring of the older subterranean infrastructure where trash had accumulated and damaged the concrete tunnel that channelized the Machángara River until it was worn away for a length of some 20 m, leaving behind the sinkhole and the fear of recurrence in populated areas.With the intent to understand the causes and consequences of this sinkhole event, rainfall data are shown together with hydrogeological characteristics and a view back to the recent history of sinkhole lineation or arrangement of the city of Quito. The economic impact is also emphasized, where the direct costs of the damage and the reconstruction are presented and compared to indirect costs associated with this socio-natural disaster. These analyses suggest that the costs of indirect financial damage, like time loss or delay, and subsequent higher expenses for different types of vehicles, are equivalent to many times the costs of the reconstruction of El Trébol.
3-D surface properties of glacier penitentes over an ablation season,
measured using a Microsoft Xbox Kinect
Authors: Nicholson Lindsey I. , Pętlicki Michał , Partan Ben , MacDonell Shelley 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. In this study, the first small-scale digital surface models (DSMs) of natural penitentes on a glacier surface were produced using a Microsoft Xbox Kinect sensor on Tapado Glacier, Chile (30°08′ S, 69°55′ W). The surfaces produced by the complete processing chain were within the error of standard terrestrial laser scanning techniques, but insufficient overlap between scanned sections that were mosaicked to cover the sampled areas can result in three-dimensional (3-D) positional errors of up to 0.3 m. Between November 2013 and January 2014 penitentes become fewer, wider and deeper, and the distribution of surface slope angles becomes more skewed to steep faces. Although these morphological changes cannot be captured by manual point measurements, mean surface lowering of the scanned areas was comparable to that derived from manual measurements of penitente surface height at a minimum density of 5 m−1 over a 5 m transverse profile. Roughness was computed on the 3-D surfaces by applying two previously published geometrical formulae: one for a 3-D surface and one for single profiles sampled from the surface. Morphometric analysis shows that skimming flow is persistent over penitentes, providing conditions conducive for the development of a distinct microclimate within the penitente troughs. For each method a range of ways of defining the representative roughness element height was used, and the calculations were done both with and without application of a zero displacement height offset to account for the likelihood of skimming air flow over the closely spaced penitentes. The computed roughness values are on the order of 0.01–0.10 m during the early part of the ablation season, increasing to 0.10–0.50 m after the end of December, in line with the roughest values previously published for glacier ice. Both the 3-D surface and profile methods of computing roughness are strongly dependent on wind direction. However, the two methods contradict each other in that the maximum roughness computed for the 3-D surface coincides with airflow across the penitente lineation, while maximum roughness computed for sampled profiles coincides with airflow along the penitente lineation. These findings highlight the importance of determining directional roughness and wind direction for strongly aligned surface features and also suggest more work is required to determine appropriate geometrical roughness formulae for linearized features.
Gestão e avaliação: desafios para a educação física como área de conhecimento
Authors: Noronha Vânia , Teixeira Daniel Marangon Duffles 
Published: September 2016

<p>O presente artigo tem por objetivo analisar as transformações que vêm ocorrendo no Brasil, nas últimas décadas, especialmente relacionadas com a gestão (escolar e pedagógica) e com a avaliação no âmbito do componente curricular Educação Física. Tendo como referência a produção sobre essa temática, este texto identifica os desafios enfrentados pelos professores, na condição de gestores, em escolas públicas e privadas, bem como na condução de processos de avaliação. A discussão levou em consideração as experiências dos autores na gestão em cursos de graduação e de pós-graduação, e na realização de consultorias em escolas públicas e privadas de educação básica que tiveram como objeto a produção, a implantação e a avaliação de propostas curriculares. Os desafios identificados estão relacionados com: resistência dos professores com a compreensão da Educação Física como área de conhecimento; construção com os próprios alunos do conhecimento que lhes interessa; construção coletiva de propostas interdisciplinares; necessidade de os professores terem resiliência durante os processos de inovação pedagógica; desenvolvimento de habilidades e competências para a construção de instrumentos de avaliação; condições materiais de trabalho inadequadas e que desestimulam os professores; inexistência de livros didáticos; dificuldades na gestão democrática das escolas, dentre outros.</p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p> </p><p>This article aims to analyze the changes taking place in Brazil in recent decades, especially related to the management (educational and pedagogical) and the evaluation within the curricular componente Physical Education. Referring to the literature on this theme, this paper identifies the challenges faced by teachers, provided managers in public and private schools, as well as conducting assessment processes. The discussion took into account the experiences of the authors in management at undergraduate and postgraduate courses, and carrying out consultancies in public and private schools of basic education which had as its object the production, implementation and evaluation of curriculum proposals. The challenges identified are related to: teachers’ resistance to the understanding of physical education as a field of knowledge; construction with the students of knowledge that interests them; collective construction of interdisciplinary proposals; need for teachers to have resilience during the pedagogical innovation processes; development of skills and competencies for building assessment tools; material conditions of poor working and that discourage teachers; lack of textbooks; difficulties in the democratic management of schools, among others.</p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: Physical Education. Knowledge. Curriculum. Collective Construction. Democratic Management.</p><p> </p>
The Pathology of Reactive Lymphadenopathies: A Discussion of Common Reactive Patterns and Their Malignant Mimics
Authors: Slack Graham W. 
Published: August 2016

Context.—Distinguishing between a reactive and a neoplastic lymphoid proliferation is a clinically significant task frequently performed by the surgical pathologist in routine practice.
Objectives.—To highlight common situations in lymph node pathology where reactive changes and lymphoma may be misdiagnosed.
Data Sources.—Data sources are peer-reviewed journal articles, textbooks, and clinical experience.
Conclusions.—This review aims to refresh and enhance the surgical pathologist's awareness of the shared and distinguishing features of select reactive and neoplastic lymphoproliferations, which in turn will allow the surgical pathologist to make more accurate diagnoses and avoid the pitfalls of misdiagnosis. This will be done by describing a selection of commonly encountered reactive histologic changes observed in lymph nodes, present the lymphomas with which they share overlapping features, outline the features that distinguish them, and describe an approach to making an accurate diagnosis and avoiding a misdiagnosis in each scenario.
Intellectual Property Protection for Biologics: Why the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Trade Agreement Fails to Deliver
Authors: Lybecker Kristina M 
Published: September 2016

Biopharmaceutical research and development is overwhelmingly focused in the U.S. becasue here it is incentivized and encouraged through a robust intellectual property rights protection environment. Across the board, the United States provides the most comprehensive, effective intellectual property rights protections for biopharmaceuticals. As a result, the industry locates here, researches here, and thrives here. With an acknowledgement of the importance of intellectual property rights as well as the wider benefits of biopharmaceutical research and development, it's tremendously disappointing that the recently negotiated Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) Trade Agreement fails to deliver sufficient IP protections for biologics. This article explores the importance of a rigorous intellectual property environemtn for the biopharmaceutical industry through an examination of the importance of data exclusivity provisions. Such protection is critical as the number, complexity and cost of clinical trials increases. Technology inevitably evolves faster than the legal architecture that surrounds it. As technology evolves, making the development of new biologic vaccines and therapies possible, society's commitment to incentivize innovation and protect it must be enshrined in the intellectual property protections of agreements such as the TPP.
Portrait du linguiste en jeune grammairien
Authors: Samain Didier 
Published: September 2016

Après avoir rappelé en préambule deux acquis des études saussuriennes : l’importance de la diachronie dans la pensée de Saussure et sa cohérence conceptuelle depuis le Mémoire jusqu’au écrits tardifs et au CLG, l’article s’efforce de replacer l’oeuvre dans le contexte épistémologique de son époque.
Il suggère que l’effet de discontinuité entre Saussure et la génération précédente fut pour une large part le résultat de malentendus chez les structuralistes mais aussi en Allemagne. La comparaison avec quelques oeuvres canoniques du courant néogrammairien met au contraire en évidence de nombreuses convergences entre Saussure et les linguistes de Leipzig : rôle de la synchronie, importance du sujet parlant, fonction différentielle des unités et surtout conception non substantielle de la langue.
Il avance la thèse que le courant néogrammairien s’est caractérisé par la rencontre de deux univers théoriques apparentés par leur commune orientation formelle et empiriste, celui de la grammaire comparée et celui de la psychologie de tradition herbartienne. Il en est résulté une conception particulière du rapport entre élément et système, différente de toute forme d’holisme comme d’un quelconque atomisme. Les traits qui unissent Saussure à ses prédécesseurs immédiats reconduisent à la question rebattue de son originalité et du destin singulier du CLG. Quelques pistes sont proposées en conclusion.
All-oxide p–n heterojunction diodes comprising p-type NiO and n-type β-Ga2O3
Authors: Kokubun Yoshihiro , Kubo Shohei , Nakagomi Shinji 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
NiO/β-Ga2O3 all-oxide p–n heterojunction diodes were fabricated for the first time using p-type NiO epitaxial layers grown on n-type β-Ga2O3 substrates. The fabricated diodes exhibited good rectifying current–voltage characteristics, with a rectifying ratio greater than 108 at ±3 V. The capacitance–voltage measurements showed that the built-in voltage was 1.4 V. These results were discussed in terms of the energy band diagram of a type-II heterojunction, where the conduction band and valence band discontinuities were estimated to be 2.2 and 3.4 eV, respectively.
Bismuth-induced Raman modes in GaP1−
xBix
Authors: Christian Theresa M. , Fluegel Brian , Beaton Daniel A. , Alberi Kirstin , Mascarenhas Angelo 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Dilute bismide semiconductor alloys are a promising material platform for optoelectronic devices due to drastic impacts of bismuth on the electronic structure of the alloy. At the same time, the details of bismuth incorporation in the lattice are not fully understood. In this work, we conduct Raman scattering spectroscopy on GaP1−

x
Bi
x
epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and identify several bismuth-related Raman features including gap vibration modes at 296, 303, and 314 cm−1. This study paves the way for more detailed analysis of the local symmetry at bismuth incorporation sites in the dilute bismide alloy regime.
Dense lower crust elevates long‐term earthquake rates in the New Madrid seismic zone
Authors: Levandowski Will , Boyd Oliver S. , Ramirez‐Guzmán Leonardo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractKnowledge of the local state of stress is critical in appraising intraplate seismic hazard. Inverting earthquake moment tensors, we demonstrate that principal stress directions in the New Madrid seismic zone (NMSZ) differ significantly from those in the surrounding region. Faults in the NMSZ that are incompatible with slip in the regional stress field are favorably oriented relative to local stress. We jointly analyze seismic velocity, gravity, and topography to develop a 3‐D crustal and upper mantle density model, revealing uniquely dense lower crust beneath the NMSZ. Finite element simulations then estimate the stress tensor due to gravitational body forces, which sums with regional stress. The anomalous lower crust both elevates gravity‐derived stress at seismogenic depths in the NMSZ and rotates it to interfere more constructively with far‐field stress, producing a regionally maximal deviatoric stress coincident with the highest concentration of modern seismicity. Moreover, predicted principal stress directions mirror variations (observed independently in moment tensors) at the NMSZ and across the region.
Whole‐Cell‐Catalyzed Multiple Regio‐ and Stereoselective Functionalizations in Cascade Reactions Enabled by Directed Evolution
Authors: Li Aitao , Ilie Adriana , Sun Zhoutong , Lonsdale Richard , Xu Jian‐He , Reetz Manfred T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBiocatalytic cascade reactions using isolated stereoselective enzymes or whole cells in one‐pot processes lead to value‐added chiral products in a single workup. The concept has been restricted mainly to starting materials and intermediate products that are accepted by the respective wild‐type enzymes. In the present study, we exploited directed evolution as a means to create E. coli whole cells for regio‐ and stereoselective cascade sequences that are not possible using man‐made catalysts. The approach is illustrated using P450‐BM3 in combination with appropriate alcohol dehydrogenases as catalysts in either two‐, three‐, or four‐step cascade reactions starting from cyclohexane, cyclohexanol, or cyclohexanone, respectively, leading to either (R,R)‐, (S,S)‐, or meso‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diol. The one‐pot conversion of cyclohexane into (R)‐ or (S)‐2‐hydroxycyclohexanone in the absence of ADH is also described.
Polysilylether: A Degradable Polymer from Biorenewable Feedstocks
Authors: Cheng Chen , Watts Annabelle , Hillmyer Marc A. , Hartwig John F. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of polysilylethers (PSEs) using a monomer derived from a biorenewable feedstock is reported. The AB‐type monomer was synthesized from undecenoic acid through hydrosilylation and reduction, and the polymerization was catalyzed by earth‐abundant metal salts. High‐molar‐mass products were achieved, and the degree of polymerization was controlled by varying the amount of an AA‐type monomer in the reaction. The PSEs possess good thermal stability and a low glass‐transition temperature (Tg≈−67 °C). To demonstrate the utility of the PSEs, polyurethanes were synthesized from low‐molar‐mass hydroxy‐telechelic PSEs.