bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microscope‐assisted hepatic artery reconstruction in adult living donor liver transplantation—A review of 325 consecutive cases in a single center
Authors: Lee Chen‐Fang , Lu Johnny Chuieng‐Yi , Zidan Ahmed , Lee Ching‐Song , Wu Tsung‐Han , Chan Kun‐Ming , Lee Wei‐Chen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundDespite the technical and medical improvements in the recent years, hepatic artery thrombosis (HAT) remains a devastating complication after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). We described our surgical techniques and monitoring protocols for hepatic artery reconstruction. We reported one of the lowest incidence rates of HAT in the literature.MethodsBetween 2008 and 2015, a total of 325 LDLTs performed at our institute were retrospectively analyzed. Under microscope assistance, all hepatic artery anastomosis were performed in a risk‐free and back‐wall first manner. We collected donors’ and recipients’ demographics, operative procedures, and outcome.ResultsA total of 325 adult LDLTs were enrolled in the study. Of these, 297(91.4%) were right liver graft. The mean diameter of the hepatic arteries of the graft was 1.9 ± 0.3 mm. A single HA anastomosis was performed in 310 patients (95.4%). The 1‐, 3‐, and 5‐year overall patient survival rates were 84.8%, 76.8%, and 75.2%, respectively. Only one (0.3%) episode of HAT was encountered in our series. The patient was treated successfully with nonsurgical management.ConclusionOur study showed that the occurrence of HAT is avoidable. Identifying risk factors associated with HAT, meticulous surgical techniques, and careful routine flow monitoring are mandatory to avoid disastrous complications.
It is time to bridge the gap between exploring and exploiting: prospects for utilizing intraspecific genetic variation to optimize arthropods for augmentative pest control – a review
Authors: Lommen Suzanne T.E. , de Jong Peter W. , Pannebakker Bart A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntraspecific genetic variation in arthropods is often studied in the context of evolution and ecology. Such knowledge, however, can also be very usefully applied to biological pest control. Selection of genotypes with optimal trait values may be a powerful tool to develop more effective biocontrol agents. Although it has repeatedly been proposed, this approach is still hardly applied in the current commercial development of arthropod agents for pest control. In this perspective study, we call to take advantage of the increasing knowledge on the genetics underlying intraspecific variation to improve biological control agents. We argue that it is timely now because at present both the need and the technical possibilities for implementation exist, as there is (1) increased economic importance of biocontrol, (2) reduced availability of exotic biocontrol agents due to stricter legislation, and (3) increased availability of genetic information on non‐model species. We present a step‐by‐step approach towards the exploitation of intraspecific genetic variation for biocontrol, outline that knowledge of the underlying genetic mechanisms is essential for success, and indicate how new molecular techniques can facilitate this. Finally, we exemplify this procedure by two case studies, one focussing on a target trait – offspring sex ratio – across species of hymenopteran parasitoids, and the other on a target species – the two‐spot ladybird beetle – where wing length and body colouration can be optimized for aphid control. With this overview, we aim to inspire scientific researchers and biocontrol agent producers to start collaborating on the use of genetic variation for the improvement of natural enemies.
Ecology under lake ice
Authors: Hampton Stephanie E. , Galloway Aaron W. E. , Powers Stephen M. , Ozersky Ted , Woo Kara H. , Batt Ryan D. , Labou Stephanie G. , O'Reilly Catherine M. , Sharma Sapna , Lottig Noah R. , Stanley Emily H. , North Rebecca L. , Stockwell Jason D. , Adrian Rita , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A. , Arvola Lauri , Baulch Helen M. , Bertani Isabella , Bowman Larry L. , Carey Cayelan C. , Catalan Jordi , Colom‐Montero William , Domine Leah M. , Felip Marisol , Granados Ignacio , Gries Corinna , Grossart Hans‐Peter , Haberman Juta , Haldna Marina , Hayden Brian , Higgins Scott N. , Jolley Jeff C. , Kahilainen Kimmo K. , Kaup Enn , Kehoe Michael J. , MacIntyre Sally , Mackay Anson W. , Mariash Heather L. , McKay Robert M. , Nixdorf Brigitte , Nõges Peeter , Nõges Tiina , Palmer Michelle , Pierson Don C. , Post David M. , Pruett Matthew J. , Rautio Milla , Read Jordan S. , Roberts Sarah L. , Rücker Jacqueline , Sadro Steven , Silow Eugene A. , Smith Derek E. , Sterner Robert W. , Swann George E. A. , Timofeyev Maxim A. , Toro Manuel , Twiss Michael R. , Vogt Richard J. , Watson Susan B. , Whiteford Erika J. , Xenopoulos Marguerite A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWinter conditions are rapidly changing in temperate ecosystems, particularly for those that experience periods of snow and ice cover. Relatively little is known of winter ecology in these systems, due to a historical research focus on summer ‘growing seasons’. We executed the first global quantitative synthesis on under‐ice lake ecology, including 36 abiotic and biotic variables from 42 research groups and 101 lakes, examining seasonal differences and connections as well as how seasonal differences vary with geophysical factors. Plankton were more abundant under ice than expected; mean winter values were 43.2% of summer values for chlorophyll a, 15.8% of summer phytoplankton biovolume and 25.3% of summer zooplankton density. Dissolved nitrogen concentrations were typically higher during winter, and these differences were exaggerated in smaller lakes. Lake size also influenced winter‐summer patterns for dissolved organic carbon (DOC), with higher winter DOC in smaller lakes. At coarse levels of taxonomic aggregation, phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition showed few systematic differences between seasons, although literature suggests that seasonal differences are frequently lake‐specific, species‐specific, or occur at the level of functional group. Within the subset of lakes that had longer time series, winter influenced the subsequent summer for some nutrient variables and zooplankton biomass.
Rapid and safe response to low‐dose carbamazepine in neonatal epilepsy
Authors: Sands Tristan T. , Balestri Martina , Bellini Giulia , Mulkey Sarah B. , Danhaive Olivier , Bakken Eliza Hayes , Taglialatela Maurizio , Oldham Michael S. , Vigevano Federico , Holmes Gregory L. , Cilio Maria Roberta 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo evaluate treatment responses in benign familial neonatal epilepsy (BFNE).MethodsWe recruited patients with BFNE through a multicenter international collaboration and reviewed electroclinical and genetic details, and treatment response. All patients were tested at minimum for mutations/deletions in the KCNQ2, KCNQ3, and SCN2A genes.ResultsNineteen patients were included in this study. A family history of neonatal seizures was positive in 16 patients, and one additional patient had a family history of infantile seizures. Mutations or deletions of KCNQ2 were found in 14, and of KCNQ3 in 2, of the 19 patients. In all patients, seizures began at 2–5 days of life and occurred multiple times per day. Four patients developed status epilepticus. Seizures were focal, alternating between hemispheres, and characterized by asymmetric tonic posturing associated with apnea and desaturation, followed by unilateral or bilateral asynchronous clonic jerking. Twelve of 19 patients were treated with multiple medications prior to seizure cessation. Seventeen of (88%) 19 patients were seizure‐free within hours of receiving oral carbamazepine (CBZ) or oxcarbazepine (OXC). Earlier initiation of CBZ was associated with shorter hospitalization (p < 0.01). No side effects of CBZ were reported. All patients had normal development and remain seizure‐free at a mean follow‐up period of 7.8 years (6 months–16 years).SignificanceThis study provides evidence that CBZ is safe and rapidly effective in neonates with BFNE, even in status epilepticus. We propose that CBZ should be the drug of choice in benign familial neonatal seizures.
The burden of premature mortality of epilepsy in high‐income countries: A systematic review from the Mortality Task Force of the International League Against Epilepsy
Authors: Thurman David J. , Logroscino Giancarlo , Beghi Ettore , Hauser W. Allen , Hesdorffer Dale C. , Newton Charles R. , Scorza Fulvio Alexandre , Sander Josemir W. , Tomson Torbjörn ,   the Epidemiology Commission of the International League Against Epilepsy
Published: November 2016

SummarySince previous reviews of epidemiologic studies of premature mortality among people with epilepsy were completed several years ago, a large body of new evidence about this subject has been published. We aim to update prior reviews of mortality in epilepsy and to reevaluate and quantify the risks, potential risk factors, and causes of these deaths. We systematically searched the Medline and Embase databases to identify published reports describing mortality risks in cohorts and populations of people with epilepsy. We reviewed relevant reports and applied criteria to identify those studies likely to accurately quantify these risks in representative populations. From these we extracted and summarized the reported data. All population‐based studies reported an increased risk of premature mortality among people with epilepsy compared to general populations. Standard mortality ratios are especially high among people with epilepsy aged <50 years, among those whose epilepsy is categorized as structural/metabolic, those whose seizures do not fully remit under treatment, and those with convulsive seizures. Among deaths directly attributable to epilepsy or seizures, important immediate causes include sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP), status epilepticus, unintentional injuries, and suicide. Epilepsy‐associated premature mortality imposes a significant public health burden, and many of the specific causes of death are potentially preventable. These require increased attention from healthcare providers, researchers, and public health professionals.
Functional properties of granule cells with hilar basal dendrites in the epileptic dentate gyrus
Authors: Kelly Tony , Beck Heinz 
Published: November 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe maturation of adult‐born granule cells and their functional integration into the network is thought to play a key role in the proper functioning of the dentate gyrus. In temporal lobe epilepsy, adult‐born granule cells in the dentate gyrus develop abnormally and possess a hilar basal dendrite (HBD). Although morphological studies have shown that these HBDs have synapses, little is known about the functional properties of these HBDs or the intrinsic and network properties of the granule cells that possess these aberrant dendrites.MethodsWe performed patch‐clamp recordings of granule cells within the granule cell layer “normotopic” from sham‐control and status epilepticus (SE) animals. Normotopic granule cells from SE animals possessed an HBD (SE+HBD+ cells) or not (SE+HBD− cells). Apical and basal dendrites were stimulated using multiphoton uncaging of glutamate. Two‐photon Ca2+ imaging was used to measure Ca2+ transients associated with back‐propagating action potentials (bAPs).ResultsNear‐synchronous synaptic input integrated linearly in apical dendrites from sham‐control animals and was not significantly different in apical dendrites of SE+HBD− cells. The majority of HBDs integrated input linearly, similar to apical dendrites. However, 2 of 11 HBDs were capable of supralinear integration mediated by a dendritic spike. Furthermore, the bAP‐evoked Ca2+ transients were relatively well maintained along HBDs, compared with apical dendrites. This further suggests an enhanced electrogenesis in HBDs. In addition, the output of granule cells from epileptic tissue was enhanced, with both SE+HBD− and SE+HBD+ cells displaying increased high‐frequency (>100 Hz) burst‐firing. Finally, both SE+HBD− and SE+HBD+ cells received recurrent excitatory input that was capable of generating APs, especially in the absence of feedback inhibition.SignificanceTaken together, these data suggest that the enhanced excitability of HBDs combined with the altered intrinsic and network properties of granule cells collude to promote excitability and synchrony in the epileptic dentate gyrus.
Decreased allopregnanolone levels in cerebrospinal fluid obtained during status epilepticus
Authors: Meletti Stefano , Lucchi Chiara , Monti Giulia , Giovannini Giada , Bedin Roberta , Trenti Tommaso , Rustichelli Cecilia , Biagini Giuseppe 
Published: November 2016

SummaryNeuroactive steroids are increasingly considered as relevant modulators of neuronal activity. Especially allopregnanolone (AP) and pregnenolone sulfate (PS) have been shown to possess, respectively, anticonvulsant or proconvulsant properties. In view of the potential role of these steroids, we aimed at evaluating AP and PS levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood samples obtained from patients with status epilepticus (SE). To this purpose, we enrolled 41 patients affected by SE and 41 subjects investigated for nonepileptic neurologic disorders. Liquid chromatographic procedures coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry and routine laboratory investigations were performed. Significantly lower AP levels were found in the CSF of patients affected by SE (−30%; p < 0.05, Mann‐Whitney test). Notably, AP was not detectable in 28 of 41 patients affected by SE (p < 0.01 vs. controls, Fisher's exact test). In serum, AP levels did not differ in the two considered groups. Conversely, PS was present at similar levels in the investigated groups. Finally, differences in AP levels could not be explained by a variation in CSF albumin content. These findings indicate that AP is defective in the CSF of patients affected by SE. This phenomenon was not dependent on carriers for steroids, such as albumin.
Identification and characterization of the distinct expression profiles of candidate chemosensory membrane proteins in the antennal transcriptome of Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze)
Authors: Xiao Y. , Sun L. , Ma X.‐Y. , Dong K. , Liu H.‐W. , Wang Q. , Guo Y.‐Y. , Liu Z.‐W. , Zhang Y.‐J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractChemosensory membrane proteins, including odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs), gustatory receptors (GRs) and sensory neurone membrane proteins (SNMPs), are supposed to be crucial macromolecules in the insect olfactory signal transduction pathway. The alfalfa plant bug Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) (Hemiptera: Miridae) is highly attracted to high‐nitrogen or flowering plants and destroys many important agricultural crops. We assembled the antennal transcriptome of A. lineolatus using Illumina sequencing technology and identified a total of 108 transcripts encoding chemosensory membrane proteins (88 ORs, 12 IRs, four GRs and four SNMPs), amongst which 90 candidates appeared to be full length. Subsequently, both semiquantitative reverse transcription PCR and quantitative real‐time PCR experiments were performed to investigate their tissue‐ and sex‐biased expression profiles. The results showed that nearly all of the 108 candidate chemosensory membrane protein genes were largely expressed in adult antennae, and some genes additionally displayed significant differences in the expression levels between sexes. The results of our phylogenetic analysis and the detailed tissue‐ and sex‐biased expression characteristics given here provide an important foundation for further understanding of the complex chemoreception system of the alfalfa plant bug and other Hemiptera species, which also could help us use chemosensory membrane proteins as targets to manipulate insect olfactory behaviour and broaden the applications of available tools for insect pest control.
Origins of endemic island tortoises in the western Indian Ocean: a critique of the human‐translocation hypothesis
Authors: Hansen Dennis M. , Austin Jeremy J. , Baxter Rich H. , de Boer Erik J. , Falcón Wilfredo , Norder Sietze J. , Rijsdijk Kenneth F. , Thébaud Christophe , Bunbury Nancy J. , Warren Ben H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHow do organisms arrive on isolated islands, and how do insular evolutionary radiations arise? In a recent paper, Wilmé et al. () argue that early Austronesians that colonized Madagascar from Southeast Asia translocated giant tortoises to islands in the western Indian Ocean. In the Mascarene Islands, moreover, the human‐translocated tortoises then evolved and radiated in an endemic genus (Cylindraspis). Their proposal ignores the broad, established understanding of the processes leading to the formation of native island biotas, including endemic radiations. We find Wilmé et al.'s suggestion poorly conceived, using a flawed methodology and missing two critical pieces of information: the timing and the specifics of proposed translocations. In response, we here summarize the arguments that could be used to defend the natural origin not only of Indian Ocean giant tortoises but also of scores of insular endemic radiations world‐wide. Reinforcing a generalist's objection, the phylogenetic and ecological data on giant tortoises, and current knowledge of environmental and palaeogeographical history of the Indian Ocean, make Wilmé et al.'s argument even more unlikely.
Bayesian estimation of the global biogeographical history of the Solanaceae
Authors: Dupin Julia , Matzke Nicholas J. , Särkinen Tiina , Knapp Sandra , Olmstead Richard G. , Bohs Lynn , Smith Stacey D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThe tomato family Solanaceae is distributed on all major continents except Antarctica and has its centre of diversity in South America. Its worldwide distribution suggests multiple long‐distance dispersals within and between the New and Old Worlds. Here, we apply maximum likelihood (ML) methods and newly developed biogeographical stochastic mapping (BSM) to infer the ancestral range of the family and to estimate the frequency of dispersal and vicariance events resulting in its present‐day distribution.LocationWorldwide.MethodsBuilding on a recently inferred megaphylogeny of Solanaceae, we conducted ML model fitting of a range of biogeographical models with the program ‘BioGeoBEARS’. We used the parameters from the best fitting model to estimate ancestral range probabilities and conduct stochastic mapping, from which we estimated the number and type of biogeographical events.ResultsOur best model supported South America as the ancestral area for the Solanaceae and its major clades. The BSM analyses showed that dispersal events, particularly range expansions, are the principal mode by which members of the family have spread beyond South America.Main conclusionsFor Solanaceae, South America is not only the family's current centre of diversity but also its ancestral range, and dispersal was the principal driver of range evolution. The most common dispersal patterns involved range expansions from South America into North and Central America, while dispersal in the reverse direction was less common. This directionality may be due to the early build‐up of species richness in South America, resulting in large pool of potential migrants. These results demonstrate the utility of BSM not only for estimating ancestral ranges but also in inferring the frequency, direction and timing of biogeographical events in a statistically rigorous framework.
Undercarboxylated osteocalcin can predict insulin secretion ability in type 2 diabetes
Authors: Takashi Yuichi , Koga Minae , Matsuzawa Yoko , Saito Jun , Omura Masao , Nishikawa Tetsuo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIt has been reported that there is an intimate relationship between diabetes and bone metabolism including undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC). In contrast, data on the relationship between ucOC and glucose metabolism are limited in type 2 diabetes. We recruited 50 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes, and examined the association with ucOC on the insulin secretion, evaluated by both glucagon loading test and meal tolerance test. UcOC was shown to correlate positively with the change in C‐peptide response in the glucagon loading test and C‐peptide response after eating a meal (P = 0.025, P = 0.047). Therefore, ucOC reflects the reserve capacity of β‐cell function, such as the bolus insulin secretion ability in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Long‐term progression of viral load and serum markers of fibrosis among treated and untreated patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Li Jia , Gordon Stuart C , Rupp Loralee B , Zhang Talan , Trudeau Sheri , Holmberg Scott D , Moorman Anne C , Spradling Philip R , Teshale Eyasu H , Boscarino Joseph A , Daida Yihe G , Schmidt Mark A , Lu Mei ,   for the CHeCS Investigators
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackground and AimsAntiviral therapy for patients with hepatitis B (HBV) infection is generally deferred for “immune inactive” patients, although longitudinal changes in viral load and liver fibrosis remain understudied in this population. Likewise, in treated patients, the temporal relationship between changes in viral load and liver fibrosis is not well characterized. Using data from the chronic hepatitis cohort study, the study investigated viral load and the Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB4, a serum‐based marker of liver fibrosis) trajectories in both untreated and treated HBV patients.Materials and MethodsWe applied a bivariate, piecewise, linear spline, mixed‐effects modeling approach to data from 766 HBV patients (342 untreated, 424 treated). Treatment selection bias was adjusted using propensity scores. Multiple sensitivity analyses were used to confirm results in untreated patients.ResultsAmong all untreated patients, FIB4 began to increase by 0.9% per month (11% per year; P < 0.05) at 28 months post‐index date, suggesting fibrosis progression. Significant FIB4 progression was also observed in a subgroup analysis of “immune inactive” untreated patients. In treated patients, viral load declined 31.8% per month (P < 0.05) for the first 5 months after treatment initiation, and 1.4–1.7% per month (P < 0.05) thereafter. At 5 months after treatment initiation, FIB4 began to decline 0.5% per month (P < 0.05), stabilizing at 28 months.ConclusionAmong untreated HBV patients, FIB4 gradually increases over time, suggesting fibrosis progression, even in those patients designated as immune inactive. In treated patients, antiviral therapy results in a rapid decline in viral load followed by a delayed decline in markers of liver fibrosis.