bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Cancer Associated With Frailty? Results From a Longitudinal Study of Old Danish Twins
Authors: Mohammadnejad Afsaneh , Jylhävä Juulia , Ewertz Marianne , Ryg Jesper , Hjelmborg Jacob V B , Galvin Angéline 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Although age is an important risk factor for both cancer and frailty, it is unclear whether cancer itself increases the risk of frailty. We aimed to assess the association between cancer and frailty in a longitudinal cohort of older Danish twins, taking familial effect into account.

Methods
Using the Danish Cancer Registry, cancer cases were identified among participants aged 70 and over in the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins (LSADT). Frailty was evaluated over 10 years of follow-up using the frailty index (FI) and defined as FI &gt; 0.21. Stratified Cox regressions were performed on discordant twin pairs (pairs where one twin had incident cancer and the other was cancer-free) and on all LSADT individual twins (twin pairs and singletons) with no history of cancer.

Results
Among the 72 discordant pairs (n = 144, median age at inclusion = 75) included in the study, the median FI at inclusion was 0.08 for both cancer twins and cancer-free co-twins. From the stratified Cox regression, twins with cancer had an increased hazard of developing frailty (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.67, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02–13.14) compared with their cancer-free co-twins. The analyses on individual twins (n = 4 027) provided similar results, showing an increased hazard of frailty in individuals with cancer (HR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.77–3.74) compared with those without cancer.

Conclusions
We showed a higher risk of becoming frail following a cancer diagnosis in both discordant twin pairs and individual twins. These findings support the importance of monitoring frailty in older adults with cancer through geriatric assessments and the implementation of frailty interventions.
Carbon emissions analysis of office building renovation: a case study in China’s hot summer and cold winter zone
Authors: Xu Chi , Zhang Ying , Qiu Dianle , Chen Zhiqing , Zhang Yurong , Kong Deyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Building renovations in climates characterized by a hot summer and cold winter (HSWC) pose significant challenges in managing carbon emissions due to increased energy demands and material use. Despite advances in sustainable design, the carbon footprint of renovation activities remains a critical concern, particularly regarding the balance between initial emissions from construction and long-term operational efficiency. This study addresses these pressing issues through analyzing the carbon emissions associated with a building complex renovation in an HSWC zone of China. The research examines both the construction stage, where material production and transportation contribute significantly to emissions, and the operational stage, where energy consumption and equipment degradation influence long-term carbon output. By evaluating the effectiveness of renovation strategies and integrating building-integrated photovoltaic systems, this study demonstrates a reduction in annual carbon emissions from 1176.28 tCO2 to 1007.25 tCO2, a reduction of approximately 14.4%. The findings showed that the renovation process would achieve a carbon payback period of 7.46 years and a 24.9%–37.8% reduction in carbon emission intensity. This work underscores the potential significant environmental benefits of innovative materials and efficient design, offering valuable insights for future low-carbon building renovation projects.
Ketamine Prevents Inflammation-Induced Reduction of Human Hippocampal Neurogenesis via Inhibiting the Production of Neurotoxic Metabolites of the Kynurenine Pathway
Authors: Mandal Gargi , Kirkpatrick Madeline , Alboni Silvia , Mariani Nicole , Pariante Carmine M , Borsini Alessandra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding the precise mechanisms of ketamine is crucial for replicating its rapid antidepressant effects without inducing psychomimetic changes. Here, we explore whether the antidepressant-like effects of ketamine enantiomers are underscored by protection against cytokine-induced reductions in hippocampal neurogenesis and activation of the neurotoxic kynurenine pathway in our well-established in vitro model of depression in a dish.

Methods
We used the fetal hippocampal progenitor cell line (HPC0A07/03C) to investigate ketamine’s impact on cytokine-induced reductions in neurogenesis in vitro. Cells were treated with interleukin- 1beta (IL-1b) (10 ng/mL) or IL-6 (50 pg/mL), alone or in combination with ketamine enantiomers arketamine (R-ketamine, 400 nM) or esketamine (S-ketamine, 400 nM) or antidepressants sertraline (1 mM) or venlafaxine (1 mM).

Results
Resembling the effect of antidepressants, both ketamine enantiomers prevented IL-1b– and IL-6–induced reduction in neurogenesis and increase in apoptosis. This was mediated by inhibition of IL-1b–induced production of IL-2 and IL-13 by R-ketamine and of IL-1b–induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha by S-ketamine. Likewise, R-ketamine inhibited IL-6–induced production of IL-13, whereas S-ketamine inhibited IL-6–induced IL-1b and IL-8. Moreover, both R- and S-ketamine prevented IL-1b–induced increases in indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression as well as kynurenine production, which in turn was shown to mediate the detrimental effects of IL-1b on neurogenesis and apoptosis. In contrast, neither R- nor S-ketamine prevented IL-6–induced kynurenine pathway activation.

Conclusions
Results suggest that R- and S-ketamine have pro-neurogenic and anti-inflammatory properties; however, this is mediated by inhibition of the kynurenine pathway only in the context of IL-1b. Overall, this study enhances our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ketamine’s antidepressant effects in the context of different inflammatory phenotypes, ultimately leading to the development of more effective, personalized therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from depression.
Boundedness of Log Fano Pairs with Certain K-stability
Authors: Loginov Konstantin , Zhou Chuyu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We prove several boundedness results for log Fano pairs with certain K-stability. In particular, we prove that K-semistable log Fano pairs of Maeda type in each dimension form a log bounded family. We also compute K-semistable domains for some examples.
Intact HIV Reservoir in Monocytes Is Associated With Cognitive Function in Virally Suppressed Women With HIV
Authors: Rubin Leah H , Shirk Erin N , Pohlenz Lily , Romero Hayley , Roti Elizabeth , Dastgheyb Raha M , Santiuste Isabel , Coughlin Jennifer M , Brown Todd T , Clements Janice E , Veenhuis Rebecca T 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Monocytes are susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, form HIV reservoirs, and contribute to central nervous system complications (eg, cognitive impairment) in virally suppressed women with HIV (vsWWH). However, it remains unknown if the quality and/or quantity of the monocyte reservoir contributes to cognition in vsWWH.

Methods
Sixty-two vsWWH (mean age = 56.1 years, SD = 7.1; 93% Black, non-Hispanic; all HIV RNA &lt;250 copies/mL) completed a cognitive test battery, blood draw, and whole-blood immunophenotyping. Monocytes and CD4 T cells were isolated from a subset of 53 participants and the HIV reservoir was assessed using cell-specific intact proviral DNA assays (IPDA). Demographically adjusted z-scores were calculated for each outcome using data from participants without HIV in the Women's Interagency HIV Study. Cognitive outcomes of interest included domain-specific and global z-scores.

Results
Thirty-Eight percent of vsWWH had detectable intact HIV genomes in monocytes (median = 21.5 copies/million). Higher levels of intact HIV genomes per million monocytes were associated with poorer verbal memory (delayed recall, r = 0.55, P = .01; recognition, r = 0.46, P = .04), fine motor skills (r = 0.50, P = .03), and global function (r = 0.47, P = .04). Higher levels of intact HIV genomes in monocytes were associated with percent intermediate monocytes (r = 0.60, P = .008), and the ratio of intact per intermediate monocyte was associated with worse memory (r = −0.59, P = .008). There were no associations between CD4 reservoir and cognition.

Conclusions
The number of intact HIV genomes per million monocytes was related to poorer cognition and the percentage of intermediate monocytes. These findings suggest that the presence of HIV genomes in general do not relate to cognitive complications, but intact, and therefore potentially replication-competent HIV, may contribute to cognitive complications in vsWWH.
Illiberal Jewish-Christian Encounters: Political Temporalities in Amish Country Tourism
Authors: Feldman Rachel , Fader Ayala 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Increasing numbers of ultra-Orthodox Jews are flocking to Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, to participate in Amish country tourism and to consume kosher dairy products, sometimes produced through economic collaborations between Orthodox Jews and local Amish/Mennonite farmers. Through an ethnographic examination of these phenomena, we demonstrate how Amish tourism fosters illiberal interreligious encounters among the triangle of ultra-Orthodox Jewish tourists, Amish/Mennonite farmers, and Christian tour guide mediators. Whereas historically tourism to the Amish was driven by white nostalgic longings for a European peasant past and the American frontier, Orthodox Jews project a nostalgic vision of the Eastern European shtetl onto the Amish and their dairy products. We borrow the concept of political temporalities (Little 2022) to explore an illiberal political temporality formed by the encounter among illiberal religious groups in a recreational tourist setting. Despite different nostalgic projections, these religious groups converged over their visions of an American religious present and future.
Evaluation of circulating immune cells, analytes, and inflammatory markers in sows affected with postpartum dysgalactia syndrome
Authors: Studer Jamie M , Kiefer Zoë E , Koester Lucas R , Johnson Erika M , Schmitz-Esser Stephan , Farkas Attila , Galina Pantoja Lucina , Vonnahme Kimberly A , Greiner Laura L , Keating Aileen F , Baumgard Lance H , Ross Jason W 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) is a condition affecting periparturient sows, characterized by a reduction in milk and colostrum synthesis shortly after farrowing. Insufficient milk production results in substantial economic losses due to increased piglet morbidity/mortality and premature sow culling. Since PDS develops within a few days following farrowing, the study objectives were to determine if periparturient immune cell profiles and circulating biomarkers differ in sows affected by PDS. We hypothesized differences in immune cells, circulating analytes, and inflammatory markers would exist at farrowing in sows that subsequently developed PDS compared to healthy herd-mates. Thirty-six sows with PDS symptoms were matched by parity and day of lactation with 36 healthy control (CON) sows. Diagnosis of PDS (timepoint 2) occurred on average 9.25 ± 2.67 d after farrowing. Blood samples and litter weights were collected at farrowing (timepoint 1) and at the onset of clinical PDS (timepoint 2). Piglets from PDS sows had lower average daily gain and higher mortality than piglets from CON (P &lt; 0.01). Aspartate aminotransferase was increased (20%; P ≤ 0.06) in PDS sows compared to CON at both timepoints. Additionally, blood urea nitrogen was increased in PDS sows at timepoint 1 and timepoint 2 (13%; P = 0.08 and 16%; P = 0.01, respectively). At timepoint 2, total protein, globulin, magnesium, and cholesterol were increased (P ≤ 0.03) while γ-glutamyl transferase and albumin were decreased (P ≤ 0.02) in PDS sows. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, an inflammatory biomarker, was increased (48%; P = 0.07) at timepoint 2 in PDS compared to CON sows. Collectively, these data indicate PDS sows have altered metabolism and appear immune activated compared to healthy herd-mates, and further investigation is needed to determine if PDS can be predicted at farrowing.
Navigating the Ethical Challenges of Clinical Decision-Making for Patients with Mental Illness Presenting with Self-Inflicted Burns
Authors: DePew Rebekka , Lal Ashima , Sivertsen Elizabeth , Smith Ashley , Johnson Laura S , Pinto Taylor Emily 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Complex ethical considerations can arise when patients with severe, persistent mental illness (SPMI) present with critical illness resulting from self-injury. This article presents 2 clinical cases in which a patient with SPMI was admitted with severe injuries following self-inflicted burns, with a substantial impact on their anticipated quality of life and challenges directing their medical care. In both cases, the medical teams held discussions with surrogate decision-makers in order to evaluate the patient’s minimal acceptable quality of life and make medical decisions that best reflected the patient’s voice and goals. These cases underscore the importance of advance care planning in SPMI, particularly the appointment of a surrogate decision-maker, and highlight the moral distress that can arise among surgical teams and trainees while caring for patients with illness resulting from self-harm. This article offers a framework for approaching decision-making in critical illness resulting from self-harm for patients with SPMI.
Positive contribution of shoot apex to the growth and flooding tolerance of Hemarthria altissima upon complete submergence
Authors: Niu Hangang , Ayi Qiaoli , Xie Jiaojiao , Zhao Yujie , Luo Xian , Liu Xiangzheng , Wang Ting , Lin Feng , Zeng Bo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Flooding events tend to destroy the original flood-intolerant vegetation in riparian zones, but the flood-tolerant species can confront the stress, and contribute to the riparian ecosystem. Grass species, Hemarthria altissima, are usually dominant in the riparian zones. This species is considered as good forage which is usually grazed by livestock or mowed by local people. Therefore, the apical tissues of the plants are often removed, and the plants have to grow without stem apexes, during their life cycle. In this study, we aimed to examine the differences in growth performance of intact versus apex-cut individuals of H. altissima upon complete submergence. Two groups of H. altissima plants (with and without shoot apexes) were treated with dark non-submergence and dark complete submergence conditions for 200 days. During the experiment, we measured plant growth, biomass changes in plant organs, and the consumption of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) by different tissues. During submergence, shoot elongation stopped, and around six lateral buds were developed averagely by each plant without apexes. This growth performance finally caused 60% decline of NSC in underground parts. The relatively intensive consumption of carbohydrates in submerged apex-removed plants induced the 21% stem length decreased under water, which indicated the decreasing submergence tolerance of plants with shoot apex removed. Therefore, we suggest that when using H. altissima for restoring degraded riparian ecosystems, the shoot apexes should be protected from grazing by livestock or harvesting by local people in order to maintain the submergence tolerance of H. altissima.
Midwives of Invention: Black Healers and Reconciling Worldviews of Wellness in American Emancipation
Authors: Cooper Abigail J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Of all the transformations that an enslaved woman hoped for in coming into a refugee camp during the American Civil War, foremost in her mind was surely the transformation of her reproductive labor. Her children could be her own. If we have characteristically viewed the Black Union soldier as serving his country and tugging his family with him into freedom, we should expand the paradigm to include the Black mothers who staked all to give birth out of slavery’s reach and the Black midwives who knew how to keep them all alive. More than an act of recovery, bringing Black wartime midwives’ perspective into view enriches the political emancipation narrative of soldier to citizen as well as the modern medicine narrative of primitive to professional. Midwives imparted intimate knowledge of Black women’s bodies as sites of vitality as well as subjection. Attending to their role brings not only Black female leadership to the fore but also spiritual practice as the locus of power and the location for making meaning of freedom’s birth.
CIDEC/FSP27 exacerbates obesity-related abdominal aortic aneurysm by promoting perivascular adipose tissue inflammation
Authors: Zhu Qing , Luo Da , Li Yining , Yu Liyang , Zhang Zixuan , Ouyang Feng , Li Liangkui , Lu Manxi , Hu Changyong , Dong Yinuo , Ma Chengxin , Liang Yan , Zhao Tong-Jin , Chen Feng-Jung , Li Peng , Yang Tian-Shu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is strongly correlated with obesity, partially due to the abnormal expansion of abdominal perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). Cell death-inducing DNA fragmentation factor-like effector C (CIDEC), also known as fat-specific protein 27 (FSP27) in rodents, is specifically expressed in adipose tissue where it mediates lipid droplet fusion and adipose tissue expansion. Whether and how CIDEC/FSP27 plays a role in AAA pathology remains elusive. Here, we show that FSP27 exacerbates obesity and angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ)-induced AAA progression. FSP27 deficiency in mice inhibited high-fat diet-induced PVAT expansion and inflammation. Both global and adipose tissue-specific FSP27 ablation significantly decreased obesity-related AAA incidence. Deficiency of FSP27 in adipocytes abrogated matrix metalloproteinase-12 (MMP12) expression in aortic tissues. Infiltrated macrophages, which partially colocalize with MMP12, were significantly decreased in the FSP27-deficient aorta. Mechanistically, knockdown of Fsp27 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes inhibited C–C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) expression and secretion through a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent pathway, thereby leading to reduced induction of macrophage migration, while Cidec overexpression rescued this effect. Overall, our study demonstrates that CIDEC/FSP27 in adipose tissue contributes to obesity-related AAA formation, at least in part, by enhancing PVAT inflammation and macrophage infiltration, thus shedding light on its significance as a key regulator in the context of obesity-related AAA.
Reionization after JWST: a photon budget crisis?
Authors: Muñoz Julian B , Mirocha Jordan , Chisholm John , Furlanetto Steven R , Mason Charlotte 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
New JWST observations are revealing the first galaxies to be prolific producers of ionizing photons, which we argue gives rise to a tension between different probes of reionization. Over the last two decades, a consensus has emerged where star-forming galaxies are able to generate enough photons to drive reionization, given reasonable values for their number densities, ionizing efficiencies $\xi _{\rm ion}$ (per unit ultraviolet luminosity), and escape fractions $f_{\rm esc}$. However, some new JWST observations infer high values of $\xi _{\rm ion}$ during reionization and an enhanced abundance of earlier ($z\gtrsim 9$) galaxies, dramatically increasing the number of ionizing photons produced at high z. Simultaneously, recent low-z studies predict significant escape fractions for faint reionization-era galaxies. Put together, we show that the galaxies we have directly observed ($M_{\rm UV} &lt; -15$) not only can drive reionization, but would end it too early. That is, our current galaxy observations, taken at face value, imply an excess of ionizing photons and thus a process of reionization in tension with the cosmic microwave background and Lyman-$\alpha$ forest. Considering galaxies down to $M_{\rm UV}\approx -11$, below current observational limits, only worsens this tension. We discuss possible avenues to resolve this photon budget crisis, including systematics in either theory or observations.
Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes of patients with advanced melanoma treated with nivolumab plus relatlimab
Authors: Thakker Sach , Belzberg Micah , Jang Sekwon , Al-Mondhiry Jafar 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The use of programmed death-1 (PD-1) inhibitors has been a pivotal advancement in treating advanced melanoma, yet their efficacy is limited. The approval of relatlimab (RELA), a lymphocyte activation gene 3 protein (LAG-3) antibody, in combination with nivolumab (NIVO), a PD-1 inhibitor, marked a significant stride toward enhancing treatment efficacy for metastatic and unresectable stage 3 and 4 melanoma. This combination has been shown to synergistically improve antitumor activity and effector T-cell activity in the tumor microenvironment, despite limited data on real-world outcomes. Our retrospective review at a tertiary cancer center of patients with stage 3 and 4 melanoma treated with NIVO-RELA revealed an overall response rate (ORR) of 39%, with notable improvements in median PFS and ORR, especially in first-line treated patients. Our study highlights the superior efficacy of NIVO-RELA over previous reports, demonstrating its significant potential in the treatment landscape of advanced melanoma.
Evolutionary Systems Biology Identifies Genetic Trade-offs in Rice Defense against Aboveground and Belowground Attackers
Authors: Dunivant Taryn S , Godinez-Vidal Damaris , Perkins Craig , Lee Madelyn G , Ta Matthew , Groen Simon C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Like other plants, wild and domesticated rice species (Oryza nivara, O. rufipogon, and O. sativa) evolve in environments with various biotic and abiotic stresses that fluctuate in intensity through space and time. Microbial pathogens and invertebrate herbivores such as plant-parasitic nematodes and caterpillars show geographical and temporal variation in activity patterns and may respond differently to certain plant-defensive mechanisms. As such, plant interactions with multiple community members may result in conflicting selection pressures on genetic polymorphisms. Here, through assays with different aboveground and belowground herbivores, the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) and the southern root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), and comparison with rice responses to microbial pathogens, we identify potential genetic trade-offs at the KSL8 and MG1 loci on chromosome 11. KSL8 encodes the first committed step toward the biosynthesis of either stemarane-type or stemodane-type diterpenoids through the japonica (KSL8-jap) or indica (KSL8-ind) allele. Knocking out KSL8-jap and CPS4, encoding an enzyme that acts upstream in diterpenoid synthesis, in japonica rice cultivars increased resistance to S. frugiperda and decreased resistance to M. incognita. Furthermore, MG1 resides in a haplotype that provided resistance to M. incognita, while alternative haplotypes are involved in mediating resistance to the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae and other pests and pathogens. Finally, KSL8 and MG1 alleles are located within trans-species polymorphic haplotypes and may be evolving under long-term balancing selection. Our data are consistent with a hypothesis that polymorphisms at KSL8 and MG1 may be maintained through complex and diffuse community interactions.