bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and Photovoltaic Effect of CdS/Silicon Nanopillars Heterojunction Solar Cell
Authors: Liu Jing , Yi Futing , Wang Bo , Zhang Tianchong , Wang Yuting , Zhou Yue 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA 200 nm thickness layer of Cadmium sulfide (CdS) film covers on the silicon nanopillars surface to heterojunction solar cell. The nanopillars with the large surface ratio can increase the heterojunction surface and the light absorption, which can improve the photovoltaic performance of solar cell. Silicon nanopillars are fabricated by Cesium Chloride self‐assembly lithography and inductively coupled plasma dry etching as substrate. CdS film covers the silicon nanopillars surface by the RF magnetron sputtering using CdS ceramic target. The X‐ray diffraction patterns of the nanopillar and planar substrates after CdS film covering indicate that all the deposited films are crystal. The nanopillars wafer has lower reflectance than the planar one both before and after the CdS film covering for the wavelength ranging from 350 to 1050 nm. With this method, the nanopillar based CdS/Silicon heterojunction solar cell has the better photovoltaic performance than the planar one. The Jsc increases from 7.12 to 13.92 mA/cm2 and the energy conversion efficiency increases from 1.32 % to 1.83 %. The large surface ratio nanopillars might be a potential substrate for high efficiency heterojunction solar cell.
Short Synthesis of Novel Recyclable Chiral Bifunctional Thioureas from Aminoalkyl Polystyrene and their use as Organocatalysts in Stereoselective aza‐Henry Reaction.
Authors: Andrés José M. , Maestro Alicia , Rodríguez‐Ferrer Patricia , Simón Inmaculada , Pedrosa Rafael 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA series of supported bifunctional thioureas has been prepared, in one or two steps, from commercially available aminoalkyl polystyrene resins. They differ in the length of the tether attaching the thiourea to the polymer chain, and the nature of the amino thiourea component. All the materials are able to promote stereoselective aza‐Henry reaction with very good stereoselection, and they can be recycled maintaining the catalytic activity.
Simple method for preparing of sulfur–doped graphitic carbon nitride with superior activity in CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Shcherban Nataliya D. , Filonenko Svitlana M. , Ovcharov Mykhailo L. , Mishura Andriy M. , Skoryk Mykola A. , Aho Atte , Murzin Dmitry Yu. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractS‐doped porous carbon nitride was obtained by a simple method using melamine and sulfuric acid. The synthesized material exhibits high BET specific surface area (75 m2/g) compared to non‐doped C3N4 (25 m2/g). According to X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy sulfur atoms substitute nitrogen forming C−S bonds in the structure of carbon nitride. Incorporation of sulfur into C3N4 results in a significant increase of the light absorbance intensity especially in the UV region compared to undoped sample. Synthesized S‐doped carbon nitride was found to be p‐type semiconductor with high catalytic activity towards photoreduction of carbon dioxide with water vapour. Doping C3N4 with sulfur increases the catalytic activity in this reaction almost tenfold.
Benefits and biases of VHF and GPS telemetry: A case study of American alligator spatial ecology
Authors: Skupien Gregory M. , Andrews Kimberly M. , Norton Terry M. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAmerican alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) historically occupied freshwater habitats such as isolated wetlands, lakes, rivers, bottomland swamps, and floodplains in coastal and inland sites. As a result of loss of aquatic habitats, alligators have adapted to inhabiting human‐made lagoons on golf courses and aquatic habitats in close proximity to developed areas. We conducted a telemetry study of adult (>1.8‐m) male alligators between July 2012 and September 2014 on Jekyll Island, Georgia, USA. Our objective was to compare the efficacy of using very‐high‐frequency (VHF) and Global Positioning System (GPS) telemetry in the framework of understanding the spatial ecology of American alligators in a developed landscape. We present both benefits and biases of using these technologies in studies with large, semiaquatic vertebrates. Global Positioning System telemetry produced larger 100% minimum convex polygon home range sizes (range = 67.0–1,094.0 ha) when compared with VHF telemetry (range = 27.5–596.0 ha). Data collected using a prototype GPS technology custom developed by Advanced Telemetry Systems (ATS, Isanti, MN, USA) allowed for the construction of larger, more biologically accurate home ranges. However, VHF telemetry allowed alligators to be detected in underground habitats where they could not be detected with GPS telemetry and yielded more information on behavior and microhabitat through direct observation. We recommend the use of traditional VHF telemetry to allow researchers to directly observe animal behaviors such as reproduction and foraging in conjunction with GPS telemetry to capture previously unavailable locational data. These data highlight the importance of choosing the appropriate telemetry technology based on habitat type, species, and research objectives. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Questions as information types
Authors: Ciardelli Ivano 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
This paper argues that questions have an important role to to play in logic, both semantically and proof-theoretically. Semantically, we show that by generalizing the classical notion of entailment to questions, we can capture not only the standard relation of logical consequence, which holds between pieces of information, but also the relation of logical dependency, which holds between information types. Proof-theoretically, we show that questions may be used in inferences as placeholders for arbitrary information of a given type; by manipulating such placeholders, we may construct formal proofs of dependencies. Finally, we show that such proofs have a specific kind of constructive content: they do not just witness the existence of a certain dependency, but actually encode a method for transforming information of the types described by the assumptions into information of the type described by the conclusion.
On the interaction of Taylor length scale size droplets and isotropic turbulence
Authors: Dodd Michael S. , Ferrante Antonino 
Published: September 2016

Droplets in turbulent flows behave differently from solid particles, e.g. droplets deform, break up, coalesce and have internal fluid circulation. Our objective is to gain a fundamental understanding of the physical mechanisms of droplet–turbulence interaction. We performed direct numerical simulations (DNS) of 3130 finite-size, non-evaporating droplets of diameter approximately equal to the Taylor length scale and with 5 % droplet volume fraction in decaying isotropic turbulence at initial Taylor-scale Reynolds number $\mathit{Re}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}}=83$. In the droplet-laden cases, we varied one of the following three parameters: the droplet Weber number based on the r.m.s. velocity of turbulence ($0.1\leqslant \mathit{We}_{rms}\leqslant 5$), the droplet- to carrier-fluid density ratio ($1\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{d}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{c}\leqslant 100$) or the droplet- to carrier-fluid viscosity ratio ($1\leqslant \unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{d}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{c}\leqslant 100$). In this work, we derive the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) equations for the two-fluid, carrier-fluid and droplet-fluid flow. These equations allow us to explain the pathways for TKE exchange between the carrier turbulent flow and the flow inside the droplet. We also explain the role of the interfacial surface energy in the two-fluid TKE equation through the power of the surface tension. Furthermore, we derive the relationship between the power of surface tension and the rate of change of total droplet surface area. This link allows us to explain how droplet deformation, breakup and coalescence play roles in the temporal evolution of TKE. Our DNS results show that increasing $\mathit{We}_{rms}$, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{d}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}_{c}$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{d}/\unicode[STIX]{x1D707}_{c}$ increases the decay rate of the two-fluid TKE. The droplets enhance the dissipation rate of TKE by enhancing the local velocity gradients near the droplet interface. The power of the surface tension is a source or sink of the two-fluid TKE depending on the sign of the rate of change of the total droplet surface area. Thus, we show that, through the power of the surface tension, droplet coalescence is a source of TKE and breakup is a sink of TKE. For short times, the power of the surface tension is less than $\pm 5\,\%$ of the dissipation rate. For later times, the power of the surface tension is always a source of TKE, and its magnitude can be up to 50 % of the dissipation rate.
DESAlert: Enabling Real-Time Transient Follow-Up with Dark Energy Survey Data
Authors: Poci A. , Kuehn K. , Abbott T. , Abdalla F. B. , Allam S. , Bauer A.H. , Benoit-Lévy A. , Bertin E. , Brooks D. , Brown P. J. , Buckley-Geer E. , Burke D. L. , Rosell A. Carnero , Kind M. Carrasco , Covarrubias R. , da Costa L. N. , D’Andrea C. B. , DePoy D. L. , Desai S. , Dietrich J. P. , Cunha C. E , Eifler T. F. , Estrada J. , Evrard A. E. , Neto A. Fausti , Finley D. A. , Flaugher B. , Fosalba P. , Frieman J. , Gerdes D. , Gruen D. , Gruendl R. A. , Honscheid K. , James D. , Kuropatkin N. , Lahav O. , Li T. S. , March M. , Marshall J. , Merritt K. W. , Miller C.J. , Nichol R. C. , Nord B. , Ogando R. , Plazas A. A. , Romer A. K. , Roodman A. , Rykoff E. S. , Sako M. , Sanchez E. , Scarpine V. , Schubnell M. , Sevilla I. , Smith C. , Soares-Santos M. , Sobreira F. , Suchyta E. , Swanson M. E. C. , Tarle G. , Thaler J. , Thomas R. C. , Tucker D. , Walker A. R. , Wester W. ,   (The DES Collaboration)
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Dark Energy Survey is undertaking an observational programme imaging 1/4 of the southern hemisphere sky with unprecedented photometric accuracy. In the process of observing millions of faint stars and galaxies to constrain the parameters of the dark energy equation of state, the Dark Energy Survey will obtain pre-discovery images of the regions surrounding an estimated 100 gamma-ray bursts over 5 yr. Once gamma-ray bursts are detected by, e.g., the Swift satellite, the DES data will be extremely useful for follow-up observations by the transient astronomy community. We describe a recently-commissioned suite of software that listens continuously for automated notices of gamma-ray burst activity, collates information from archival DES data, and disseminates relevant data products back to the community in near-real-time. Of particular importance are the opportunities that non-public DES data provide for relative photometry of the optical counterparts of gamma-ray bursts, as well as for identifying key characteristics (e.g., photometric redshifts) of potential gamma-ray burst host galaxies. We provide the functional details of the DESAlert software, and its data products, and we show sample results from the application of DESAlert to numerous previously detected gamma-ray bursts, including the possible identification of several heretofore unknown gamma-ray burst hosts.
Early life adversity alters normal sex-dependent developmental dynamics of DNA methylation
Authors: Massart Renaud , Nemoda Zsofia , Suderman Matthew J. , Sutti Sheila , Ruggiero Angela M. , Dettmer Amanda M. , Suomi Stephen J. , Szyf Moshe 
Published: September 2016

AbstractStudies in rodents, nonhuman primates, and humans suggest that epigenetic processes mediate between early life experiences and adult phenotype. However, the normal evolution of epigenetic programs during child development, the effect of sex, and the impact of early life adversity on these trajectories are not well understood. This study mapped the genome-wide DNA methylation changes in CD3+ T lymphocytes from rhesus monkeys from postnatal day 14 through 2 years of age in both males and females and determined the impact of maternal deprivation on the DNA methylation profile. We show here that DNA methylation profiles evolve from birth to adolescence and are sex dependent. DNA methylation changes accompany imposed weaning, attenuating the difference between males and females. Maternal separation at birth alters the normal evolution of DNA methylation profiles and targets genes that are also affected by a later stage maternal separation, that is, weaning. Our results suggest that early life events dynamically interfere with the normal developmental evolution of the DNA methylation profile and that these changes are highly effected by sex.
Contextual adversity, telomere erosion, pubertal development, and health: Two models of accelerated aging, or one?
Authors: Belsky Jay , Shalev Idan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTwo independent lines of inquiry suggest that growing up under conditions of contextual adversity (e.g., poverty and household chaos) accelerates aging and undermines long-term health. Whereas work addressing the developmental origins of health and disease highlights accelerated-aging effects of contextual adversity on telomere erosion, that informed by an evolutionary analysis of reproductive strategies highlights such effects with regard to pubertal development (in females). That both shorter telomeres early in life and earlier age of menarche are associated with poor health later in life raises the prospect, consistent with evolutionary life-history theory, that these two bodies of theory and research are tapping into the same evolutionary–developmental process whereby longer term health costs are traded off for increased probability of reproducing before dying via a process of accelerated aging. Here we make the case for such a claim, while highlighting biological processes responsible for these effects, as well as unknowns in the epigenetic equation that might instantiate these contextually regulated developmental processes.
Deficiency of Parkinson’s disease-related gene Fbxo7 is associated with impaired mitochondrial metabolism by PARP activation
Authors: Delgado-Camprubi Marta , Esteras Noemi , Soutar Marc PM , Plun-Favreau Helene , Abramov Andrey Y 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
The Parkinson’s disease (PD)-related protein F-box only protein 7 (Fbxo7) is the substrate-recognition component of the Skp1-Cullin-F-box protein E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. We have recently shown that PD-associated mutations in Fbxo7 disrupt mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy), suggesting a role for Fbxo7 in modulating mitochondrial homeostasis. Here we report that Fbxo7 deficiency is associated with reduced cellular NAD+ levels, which results in increased mitochondrial NADH redox index and impaired activity of complex I in the electron transport chain. Under these conditions of compromised respiration, mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP contents are reduced, and cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is increased. ROS activates poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) activity in Fbxo7-deficient cells. PARP inhibitor restores cellular NAD+ content and redox index and ATP pool, suggesting that PARP overactivation is cause of decreased complex I-driven respiration. These findings bring new insight into the mechanism of Fbxo7 deficiency, emphasising the importance of mitochondrial dysfunction in PD.
Dichotomy of cellular inhibition by small-molecule inhibitors revealed by single-cell analysis
Authors: Vogel Robert M. , Erez Amir , Altan-Bonnet Grégoire 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDespite progress in drug development, a quantitative and physiological understanding of how small-molecule inhibitors act on cells is lacking. Here, we measure the signalling and proliferative response of individual primary T-lymphocytes to a combination of antigen, cytokine and drug. We uncover two distinct modes of signalling inhibition: digital inhibition (the activated fraction of cells diminishes upon drug treatment, but active cells appear unperturbed), versus analogue inhibition (the activated fraction is unperturbed whereas activation response is diminished). We introduce a computational model of the signalling cascade that accounts for such inhibition dichotomy, and test the model predictions for the phenotypic variability of cellular responses. Finally, we demonstrate that the digital/analogue dichotomy of cellular response as revealed on short (signal transduction) timescales, translates into similar dichotomy on longer (proliferation) timescales. Our single-cell analysis of drug action illustrates the strength of quantitative approaches to translate in vitro pharmacology into functionally relevant cellular settings.
CO2 fixation by anaerobic non-photosynthetic mixotrophy for improved carbon conversion
Authors: Jones Shawn W. , Fast Alan G. , Carlson Ellinor D. , Wiedel Carrissa A. , Au Jennifer , Antoniewicz Maciek R. , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T. , Tracy Bryan P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMaximizing the conversion of biogenic carbon feedstocks into chemicals and fuels is essential for fermentation processes as feedstock costs and processing is commonly the greatest operating expense. Unfortunately, for most fermentations, over one-third of sugar carbon is lost to CO2 due to the decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and limitations in the reducing power of the bio-feedstock. Here we show that anaerobic, non-photosynthetic mixotrophy, defined as the concurrent utilization of organic (for example, sugars) and inorganic (for example, CO2) substrates in a single organism, can overcome these constraints to increase product yields and reduce overall CO2 emissions. As a proof-of-concept, Clostridium ljungdahlii was engineered to produce acetone and achieved a mass yield 138% of the previous theoretical maximum using a high cell density continuous fermentation process. In addition, when enough reductant (that is, H2) is provided, the fermentation emits no CO2. Finally, we show that mixotrophy is a general trait among acetogens.
Giant superconducting fluctuations in the compensated semimetal FeSe at the BCS–BEC crossover
Authors: Kasahara S. , Yamashita T. , Shi A. , Kobayashi R. , Shimoyama Y. , Watashige T. , Ishida K. , Terashima T. , Wolf T. , Hardy F. , Meingast C. , Löhneysen H. v. , Levchenko A. , Shibauchi T. , Matsuda Y. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe physics of the crossover between weak-coupling Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer (BCS) and strong-coupling Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) limits gives a unified framework of quantum-bound (superfluid) states of interacting fermions. This crossover has been studied in the ultracold atomic systems, but is extremely difficult to be realized for electrons in solids. Recently, the superconducting semimetal FeSe with a transition temperature Tc=8.5 K has been found to be deep inside the BCS–BEC crossover regime. Here we report experimental signatures of preformed Cooper pairing in FeSe, whose energy scale is comparable to the Fermi energies. In stark contrast to usual superconductors, large non-linear diamagnetism by far exceeding the standard Gaussian superconducting fluctuations is observed below T*∼20 K, providing thermodynamic evidence for prevailing phase fluctuations of superconductivity. Nuclear magnetic resonance and transport data give evidence of pseudogap formation at ∼T*. The multiband superconductivity along with electron–hole compensation in FeSe may highlight a novel aspect of the BCS–BEC crossover physics.
Dynamic actin cycling through mitochondrial subpopulations locally regulates the fission–fusion balance within mitochondrial networks
Authors: Moore Andrew S. , Wong Yvette C. , Simpson Cory L. , Holzbaur Erika L. F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMitochondria form interconnected networks that dynamically remodel in response to cellular needs. Using live-cell imaging, we investigate the role of the actin cytoskeleton in regulating mitochondrial fission and fusion. We identify cycling of actin filaments onto and off of subsets of cellular mitochondria. The association of actin filaments with mitochondrial subpopulations is transient; actin quickly disassembles, then reassembles around a distinct subpopulation, efficiently cycling through all cellular mitochondria within 14 min. The focal assembly of actin induces local, Drp1-dependent fragmentation of the mitochondrial network. On actin disassembly, fragmented mitochondria undergo rapid fusion, leading to regional recovery of the tubular mitochondrial network. Cycling requires dynamic actin polymerization and is blocked by inhibitors of both Arp2/3 and formins. We propose that cyclic assembly of actin onto mitochondria modulates the fission/fusion balance, promotes network remodelling and content mixing, and thus may serve as an essential mechanism regulating mitochondrial network homeostasis.
Stille coupling via C–N bond cleavage
Authors: Wang Dong-Yu , Kawahata Masatoshi , Yang Ze-Kun , Miyamoto Kazunori , Komagawa Shinsuke , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Wang Chao , Uchiyama Masanobu 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCross-coupling is a fundamental reaction in the synthesis of functional molecules, and has been widely applied, for example, to phenols, anilines, alcohols, amines and their derivatives. Here we report the Ni-catalysed Stille cross-coupling reaction of quaternary ammonium salts via C–N bond cleavage. Aryl/alkyl-trimethylammonium salts [Ar/R–NMe3]+react smoothly with arylstannanes in 1:1 molar ratio in the presence of a catalytic amount of commercially available Ni(cod)2and imidazole ligand together with 3.0 equivalents of CsF, affording the corresponding biaryl with broad functional group compatibility. The reaction pathway, including C–N bond cleavage step, is proposed based on the experimental and computational findings, as well as isolation and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Ni-containing intermediates. This reaction should be widely applicable for transformation of amines/quaternary ammonium salts into multi-aromatics.
Wideband dynamic microwave frequency identification system using a low-power ultracompact silicon photonic chip
Authors: Burla Maurizio , Wang Xu , Li Ming , Chrostowski Lukas , Azaña José 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPhotonic-based instantaneous frequency measurement (IFM) of unknown microwave signals offers improved flexibility and frequency range as compared with electronic solutions. However, no photonic platform has ever demonstrated the key capability to perform dynamic IFM, as required in real-world applications. In addition, all demonstrations to date employ bulky components or need high optical power for operation. Here we demonstrate an integrated photonic IFM system that can identify frequency-varying signals in a dynamic manner, without any need for fast measurement instrumentation. The system is based on a fully linear, ultracompact system based on a waveguide Bragg grating on silicon, only 65-μm long and operating up to ∼30 GHz with carrier power below 10 mW, significantly outperforming present technologies. These results open a solid path towards identification of dynamically changing signals over tens of GHz bandwidths using a practical, low-cost on-chip implementation for applications from broadband communications to biomedical, astronomy and more.