bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anti‐proliferation effect of blue light‐emitting diodes against antibiotic‐resistant Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Ma Jianwei , Hiratsuka Takahiro , Etoh Tsuyoshi , Akada Junko , Fujishima Hajime , Shiraishi Norio , Yamaoka Yoshio , Inomata Masafumi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and AimInfection by Helicobacter pylori is implicated in a wide range of upper gastrointestinal diseases. Owing to the rapid emergence of antibiotic‐resistant strains of H. pylori, the development of novel treatment modalities for antibiotic‐resistant H. pylori infection is a key priority. Blue light‐emitting diodes (LED) may represent a unique option owing to their antimicrobial effect. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti‐proliferative effect of blue LED against antibiotic‐resistant H. pylori.MethodsTen antibiotic‐resistant strains and one sensitive H. pylori strain were used in this study. After irradiation by blue LED along time course, the viability of H. pylori was evaluated by enumerating colony forming units. Morphological changes in H. pylori were observed using a scanning electron microscope. Reductase activity was measured as an indicator of bacterial cellular activity. Total reactive oxygen species was monitored using fluorescence intensity and fluorescence microscope imaging.ResultsAfter irradiation by blue LED, the numbers of H. pylori in all the strains were significantly reduced compared with control group. The H. pylori exhibited a short rod‐shaped morphology after irradiation; no such change was observed in H. pylori not exposed to blue LED. Re‐irradiation of surviving strain after the initial irradiation also exhibited the same anti‐proliferation effect. After blue LED irradiation, bacterial cellular activity was lower, and total reactive oxygen species production was significantly higher in blue LED group, compared with that in control.ConclusionsBlue LED could be a new treatment to eradicate infection with antibiotic‐resistant H. pylori.
A Social Scientific Approach toward Understanding Racial Disparities in Police Shooting: Data from the Department of Justice (1980–2000)
Authors: Scott Kendra , Ma Debbie S. , Sadler Melody S. , Correll Joshua 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe analyze data from 213 metropolitan areas over a 21‐year period, and examine two possible reasons for the disproportionately high number of Black suspects killed in police officer‐involved shootings. One account suggests that such shootings reflect racial bias on the part of police. A second account suggests that Black suspects behave differently (perhaps more aggressively) than White suspects, and that police respond to suspects’ behavior (but not race). Our analysis statistically controls for racial differences in criminal activity (a proxy for behavior) and provides a statistical test of the effect of race on police shootings. Results suggest that officers are more likely to shoot Black suspects, even when race‐based differences in crime are held constant.
Genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships of Ralstonia solanacearum strains from diverse origins in Guangdong Province, China
Authors: She Xiaoman , He Zifu , Li Huaping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBacterial wilt, caused by Ralstonia solanacearum species complex is a key yield‐limiting factor on crops in Guangdong province, China. The genetic diversity of 110 R. solanacearum strains collected from 16 host plants in different areas of Guangdong province was analysed using biovar and phylotype classification schemes. Of 110 strains, fifty‐five strains belong to biovar 3, fifty‐two strains belong to biovar 4, two strains belong to biovar 2 and one strain belonged to biovar 1. Phylotype‐specific multiplex PCR showed that 108 strains belonged to phylotype I (biovars 1, 3, 4) and two strains belonged to phylotype II (biovar 2). The result of phylogenetic relationships analysis based on egl gene sequences demonstrated that 108 strains of phylotype I were grouped into nine previously described sequevars and a new sequevar 57, and two strains of phylotype II were grouped into sequevar 1. Sequevars 15, 34 and 44 widely distributed in Guangdong were predominant sequevars. Sequevar 45 was first reported on potato and pumpkin in China. These results revealed the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships of R. solanacearum population in Guangdong and will be helpful in bacterial wilt‐resistance breeding.
The presence and distribution of cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors in the mandibular gland: The influence of different physical forms of diets on their expression in piglets
Authors: Pirino C. , Cappai M. G. , Maranesi M. , Tomassoni D. , Giontella A. , Pinna W. , Boiti C. , Kamphues J. , Dall'Aglio C. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWe explored the expression and cell type distribution of cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptors type 2 (CB2) in the mandibular glands of pigs in relation to different physical forms of the diet. Thirty‐two crossbred growing pigs (ages 5–6 weeks) were randomly allotted to four experimental groups (eight pigs/group) and fed four different physical types of the same diet for 4 weeks: finely ground pellet (FP), coarsely ground meal (CM), coarsely ground pellet (CP) and coarsely ground extruded (CE) with dMEAN of 0.46, 0.88, 0.84 and 0.66 mm respectively. At the end of the feeding trial, the pigs were euthanized and the mandibular gland was collected after dissection. By immunohistochemistry, positive signals for CB1 were found in the cytoplasm of duct epithelial cells of pigs fed CP, FP and CE diets and in the serous cells of mixed acini in pigs fed the coarser CM diet. Positive signals for CB2 were detected in duct epithelial cells and in neurons of ganglia close to major secretory ducts of all pigs. The differential expression and localization of these receptors in response to variable chewing activity due to the type of diet suggest that endocannabinoids may influence the functional activity of the mandibular gland by modifying qualitative and/or quantitative aspects of salivary secretion.
Signals for identifying cows at risk of subacute ruminal acidosis in dairy veterinary practice
Authors: Humer E. , Aschenbach J. R. , Neubauer V. , Kröger I. , Khiaosa‐ard R. , Baumgartner W. , Zebeli Q. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryControlling rumen disorders is critical to ensure successful dairy herd health management. Lactation diets of dairy cows are commonly rich in concentrates and low in physically effective fibre. Feeding of these diets increases the risk of rumen disorders with far‐reaching consequences for cattle health, welfare and sustainability of dairy production. The term subacute ruminal acidosis or SARA is often used as a synonym for poor rumen health. Being subclinical, SARA lacks of clear symptoms and is therefore difficult to diagnose and to control in the practice. This review article summarises common and identifies new direct and indirect cow signals related to SARA. We have performed a scientific evaluation and interpretation of each of these cow signals by highlighting their advantages and disadvantages from the practitioner's point of view. The gold standard of SARA cow signals still remains direct measurement of ruminal pH. However, continuous pH monitoring is cost‐intensive and often biased by sensor drift. Single‐point ruminal pH measurements by oral stomach tubing or rumenocentesis have strong limitations. Therefore, there is a need for reliable and robust markers of SARA that are easily accessible and inexpensive. Such indirect parameters are the observation of chewing and feeding activities, as well as the monitoring of milk, faecal, urine and blood variables. Also, novel technologies that allow rapid and non‐invasive measurement of the rumen mucosa thickness and ruminal motility patterns might provide advantages in SARA diagnosis. Due to several constraints of these indirect diagnostic tools, such as limited specificity and sensitivity, we strongly recommend using a combination of the signals to reliably identify cows at risk of SARA in a dairy herd.
Population structure and migration of the Tobacco Blue Mold Pathogen, Peronospora tabacina, into North America and Europe
Authors: Blanco‐Meneses Monica , Carbone Ignazio , Ristaino Jean B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractTobacco blue mold, caused by Peronospora tabacina, is an oomycete plant pathogen that causes yearly epidemics in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) in the United States and Europe. The genetic structure of P. tabacina was examined to understand genetic diversity, population structure and patterns of migration. Two nuclear loci, Igs2 and Ypt1, and one mitochondrial locus, cox2, were amplified, cloned and sequenced from fifty‐four isolates of P. tabacina from the United States, Central America–Caribbean–Mexico (CCAM), Europe and the Middle East (EULE). Cloned sequences from the three genes showed high genetic variability across all populations. Nucleotide diversity and the population mean mutation parameter per site (Watterson's theta) were higher in EULE and CCAM and lower in U.S. populations. Neutrality tests were significant and the equilibrium model of neutral evolution was rejected, indicating an excess of recent mutations or rare alleles. Hudson's Snn tests were performed to examine population subdivision and gene flow among populations. An isolation‐with‐migration analysis (IM) supported the hypothesis of long‐distance migration of P. tabacina from the Caribbean region, Florida and Texas into other states in the United States. Within the European populations, the model documented migration from North Central Europe into western Europe and Lebanon, and migration from western Europe into Lebanon. The migration patterns observed support historical observations about the first disease introductions and movement in Europe. The models developed are applicable to other aerial dispersed emerging pathogens and document that high‐evolutionary‐risk plant pathogens can move over long distances to cause disease due to their large effective population size, population expansion and dispersal.
Complex selection on a regulator of social cognition: Evidence of balancing selection, regulatory interactions and population differentiation in the prairie vole Avpr1a locus
Authors: Berrio Alejandro , Guerrero Rafael F. , Aglyamova Galina V. , Okhovat Mariam , Matz Mikhail V. , Phelps Steven M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAdaptive variation in social behaviour depends upon standing genetic variation, but we know little about how evolutionary forces shape genetic diversity relevant to brain and behaviour. In prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), variants at the Avpr1a locus predict expression of the vasopressin 1a receptor in the retrosplenial cortex (RSC), a brain region that mediates spatial and contextual memory; cortical V1aR abundance in turn predicts diversity in space use and sexual fidelity in the field. To examine the potential contributions of adaptive and neutral forces to variation at the Avpr1a locus, we explore sequence diversity at the Avpr1a locus and throughout the genome in two populations of wild prairie voles. First, we refine results demonstrating balancing selection at the locus by comparing the frequency spectrum of variants at the locus to a random sample of the genome. Next, we find that the four single nucleotide polymorphisms that predict high V1aR expression in the RSC are in stronger linkage disequilibrium than expected by chance despite high recombination among intervening variants, suggesting that epistatic selection maintains their association. Analysis of population structure and a haplotype network for two populations revealed that this excessive LD was unlikely to be due to admixture alone. Furthermore, the two populations differed considerably in the region shown to be a regulator of V1aR expression despite the extremely low levels of genomewide genetic differentiation. Together, our data suggest that complex selection on Avpr1a locus favours specific combinations of regulatory polymorphisms, maintains the resulting alleles at population‐specific frequencies, and may contribute to unique patterns of spatial cognition and sexual fidelity among populations.
Getting there and around: Host range oscillations during colonization of the Canary Islands by the parasitic nematode Spauligodon
Authors: Jorge Fátima , Perera Ana , Poulin Robert , Roca Vicente , Carretero Miguel A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEpisodes of expansion and isolation in geographic range over space and time, during which parasites have the opportunity to expand their host range, are linked to the development of host–parasite mosaic assemblages and parasite diversification. In this study, we investigated whether island colonization events lead to host range oscillations in a taxon of host‐specific parasitic nematodes of the genus Spauligodon in the Canary Islands. We further investigated whether range oscillations also resulted in shifts in host breadth (i.e., specialization), as expected for parasites on islands. Parasite phylogeny and divergence time estimates were inferred from molecular data with Bayesian methods. Host divergence times were set as calibration priors after a priori evaluation with a global‐fit method of which individual host–parasite associations likely represent cospeciation links. Parasite colonization history was reconstructed, followed by an estimation of oscillation events and specificity level. The results indicate the presence of four Spauligodon clades in the Canary Islands, which originated from at least three different colonization events. We found evidence of host range oscillations to truly novel hosts, which in one case led to higher diversification. Contemporary host–parasite associations show strong host specificity, suggesting that changes in host breadth were limited to the shift period. Lineages with more frequent and wider taxonomic host range oscillations prior to the initial colonization event showed wider range oscillations during colonization and diversification within the archipelago. Our results suggest that a lineage's evolutionary past may be the best indicator of a parasite's potential for future range expansions.
To Pool or Not to Pool: Revisited
Authors: Pesaran M. Hashem , Zhou Qiankun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper provides a new comparative analysis of pooled least squares and fixed effects (FE) estimators of the slope coefficients in the case of panel data models when the time dimension (T) is fixed while the cross section dimension (N) is allowed to increase without bounds. The individual effects are allowed to be correlated with the regressors, and the comparison is carried out in terms of an exponent coefficient, δ, which measures the degree of pervasiveness of the FE in the panel. The use of δ allows us to distinguish between poolability of small N dimensional panels with large T from large N dimensional panels with small T. It is shown that the pooled estimator remains consistent so long as δ<1, and is asymptotically normally distributed if δ<1/2, for a fixed T and as N→∞. It is further shown that when δ<1/2, the pooled estimator is more efficient than the FE estimator. We also propose a Hausman type diagnostic test of δ<1/2 as a simple test of poolability, and propose a pretest estimator that could be used in practice. Monte Carlo evidence supports the main theoretical findings and gives some indications of gains to be made from pooling when δ<1/2.
Nonresponsiveness and Susceptibility of Opioid Side Effects Related to Cancer Patients’ Clinical Characteristics: A Post‐Hoc Analysis
Authors: Corli Oscar , Roberto Anna , Bennett Michael I. , Galli Francesca , Corsi Nicole , Rulli Eliana , Antonione Raffaella 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe response to opioids is not always positive in cancer patients. A considerable proportion of patients do not respond (nonresponders [NRs]) or experience severe toxicity. The aim of this analysis was to assess the role of demographic characteristics, pain features, comorbidities, and ongoing therapy on the lack of efficacy and on the occurrence of severe adverse drug reactions (ADRs).MethodsThis is a post‐hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial that involved 520 patients and aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of 4 strong opioids. Patients who presented with unchanged or worsened pain compared to the first visit were considered to be NRs. As for toxicity, severe ADRs with an incidence of greater than 10% were evaluated. Univariate and multivariate logistic models were used.Results498 patients were analyzed. Liver metastases and breakthrough pain (BTP) were found to increase the risk for nonresponse. Conversely, a high basal pain intensity significantly decreased the same risk. Constipation risk was worsened by previous weak opioid therapy but decreased with aging and with the use of transdermal opioids. Risk for drowsiness was aggravated by bone metastases and concomitant treatment with anticoagulant, antidiabetic, and central nervous system drugs. Risk for confusion increased with antidiabetics, antibiotics, and previous weak opioid therapy but decreased when fentanyl was used. Occurrence of nausea increased in patients with a high rating on the Karnofsky Performance Status Index. Risk for xerostomia was higher in women and in patients treated with antidiabetic or long‐term opioids.ConclusionsSeveral clinical variables are correlated with opioid response in cancer patients. In particular, the presence of BTP is associated with nonresponse. Additionally, patients who receive polypharmacological therapy are more likely to experience opioid adverse events.
Efavirenz is related to neuropsychiatric symptoms among adults, but not among adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania
Authors: Sumari‐de Boer Marion , Schellekens Arnt , Duinmaijer Ashanti , Lalashowi Julieth M. , Swai Happiness J. , de Mast Quirijn , van der Ven Andre , Kinabo Grace 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the relationship between Efavirenz (EFV) and neuropsychiatric symptoms among adults and adolescents living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.MethodsCross‐sectional study among HIV‐infected adults (age 18–65) and adolescents (age 12–17) on antiretroviral treatment attending Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania. Neuropsychiatric symptoms were measured using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL‐90) and the Mini‐International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). manova and chi‐squared tests were used to test differences between EFV and non‐EFV‐treated participants.ResultsA total of 215 adults and 150 adolescents participated. About 52% of adults and 37% of adolescents used EFV. Among adults, depression scores were higher for those on EFV (HADS (Cohen's D: 0.38; P = 0.02) and SCL‐90 (Cohen's D: 0.24; P = 0.03). Among adolescents, those on EFV had lower scores on depression (HADS (Cohen's D: 0.3; P = 0.02) and SCL‐90 (Cohen's D: 0.1; P = 0.02). About 10% of adults reported suicidal thoughts, but there was no difference between those on EFV and those without. Lastly, adults on EFV reported higher levels of problematic alcohol use (P = 0.003).ConclusionsIn line with the previous studies, EFV is associated with depressive symptoms and problematic alcohol use among HIV‐infected adults in Tanzania. In contrast, EFV was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms in adolescents in Tanzania. Particularly among adults, close monitoring of depressive symptoms and alcohol use is indicated.
Disposable skin staplers for closure of linear gastrointestinal incisions in dogs
Authors: Schwartz Zeev , Coolman Bradley R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo report the clinical features and outcomes of linear gastrointestinal incisions closed with skin staples in dogs.Study DesignHistorical cohort study.Animals333 client‐owned dogs.MethodsMedical records from 1 private referral hospital were searched for dogs that underwent gastrointestinal surgery between November 1999 and October 2015. Cases were included if skin staplers were used to close linear gastrointestinal incisions. Information regarding preoperative, surgical, and postoperative factors was collected.ResultsComplications were diagnosed in 8 of 245 (3.27%) dogs, including 3 of 245 (1.22%) dogs that died or were euthanized, 3 of 245 (1.22%) dogs with incisional dehiscence, and 2 of 245 (0.81%) dogs with attachment of a linear foreign body to the staples at the intestinal lumen. Dehiscence was noted at the enterotomy sites in 3 dogs at a mean time of 44 hours after surgery (SD ± 6.93). Two dogs presented with another linear foreign body that was attached to the staples in the intestinal lumen at postoperative days 24 and 42. The risk factors associated with incisional dehiscence included multiple gastrointestinal incisions performed in 1 surgery (χ2, P < .001) and the presence of a linear foreign body (χ2, P = .02253). No associations were detected between dogs' age, sex, weight, surgery time, indication for surgical intervention, surgery location in the gastrointestinal tract, or surgeon experience and incisional dehiscence.ConclusionSkin staplers provide safe and effective closure of gastrotomies, enterotomies, and colonotomies in dogs. This method is reliable, efficient, and affordable in the hands of veterinary surgeons with varying skill levels.
Wound healing activity of Streptocaulon juventas root ethanolic extract
Authors: Nguyen Minh Can , Le Dinh To , Kamei Kaeko , Dang Thi Phuong Thao 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStreptocaulon juventas is a well‐known plant that has antimicrobial activity, in vitro antiplasmodial activity, anti‐proliferative activity, and antioxidant activity. In this study, we showed experimental evidence that proved that S. juventas root ethanolic extract has wound healing activities. First, in a mouse excision wound model, S. juventas root ethanolic extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day significantly reduced the wound closure time. After 7 days, the wound granulation tissue in mice treated with the extract exhibited a 2.3‐fold decrease in inflammatory cells, a 1.7‐fold increase in fibroblasts and enhanced angiogenesis. Molecular analysis also revealed that after wounds were treated with S. juventas root ethanolic extract, TNF‐α and NF‐κB1 gene expression were down‐regulated by 4.7 and 3.7 times, respectively. In contrast, TGF‐β1 and VEGF gene expression were up‐regulated by 1.9 and 6.5 times, respectively. Taken together, our experimental data strongly show that the ethanolic extract from S. juventas root displays remarkable wound healing activity.