bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A looping-based model for quenching repression
Authors: Pollak Y. , Goldberg S. , Amit R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe model the regulatory role of proteins bound to looped DNA using a simulation in which dsDNA is represented as a self-avoiding chain, and proteins as spherical protrusions. We simu-late long self-avoiding chains using a sequential importance sampling Monte-Carlo algorithm, and compute the probabilities for chain looping with and without a protrusion. We find that a protrusion near one of the chain’s termini reduces the probability of looping, even for chains much longer than the protrusion–chain-terminus distance. This effect increases with protrusion size, and decreases with protrusion-terminus distance. The reduced probability of looping can be explained via an eclipse-like model, which provides a novel inhibitory mechanism. We test the eclipse model on two possible transcription-factor occupancy states of theeve3/7 enhancer, and show that it provides a possible explanation for the experimentally-observedevestripe 3 and 7 expression patterns.The authors declare no conflict of interests
Tourism development progress of two islands of Malaysia
Authors: Mohamad Diana , Bahauddin Azizi , Mohamed Badaruddin 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to look at the physical tourism impacts experienced by the communities of Redang Island and Perhentian Island – two tourist islands located close to the coast of Peninsular Malaysia. The physical tourism impacts are examined via environmental and infrastructure related attributes (19 attributes), which are further categorized into sustainability, environment, greenhouse effects, public and tourist facilities maintenance, sewage system management, rural areas and deforestation. All of these indicators indirectly measure the impact of climate change in these island destinations.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper uses a questionnaire survey with an instrument based on prior work by Ap and Cromptom (1998) with regard to air pollution, deforestation and land fertility; Tetlow and Hanusch (2012) in relation to biodiversity; Sunlu (2003) in line with greenhouse effects, water quality, natural landscape and solid waste; and Cessford and Dingwall (1999), corresponding to physical impacts.

Findings
Results for Perhentian Island indicate serious physical impacts resulting from tourism development, compared with less serious impacts on Redang Island. Both islands were observed to experience tourism development progress that is well-blended with their natural environment, and the level of physical impact dependency on tourism development can be assessed using the environmental and infrastructure variables.

Research limitations/implications
While the paper reports on findings from both Perhentian and Redang Islands, results from this paper could well represent other communities in many other Malaysian island locations (or perhaps the wider region), facing a similar phenomenon.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to an understanding of how to investigate each variable independently, as each island is undergoing a different lifecycle phase, regardless of the fact that some islands may be mirroring each other. In addition, the paper envisages the importance of integrating social exchange theory and integrated threat theory, when it comes to evaluating how people judge the consequences of their actions.
How can the tourism industry respond to the global challenges arising from climate change and environmental degradation?
Authors: Nair Vikneswaran , Mohamed Badaruddin , Thomas Toney K. , Teare Richard 
Published: November 2016

Purpose
This paper profiles the WHATT theme issue “How can the tourism industry respond to the global challenges arising from climate change and environmental degradation?” by drawing on reflections from the theme editors and theme issue outcomes, including case study examples from Malaysia, New Zealand and Canada.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper uses structured questions to enable the theme editors to reflect on the rationale for the theme issue question, the starting point, the selection of the writing team, the material and the editorial process.

Findings
This paper uses case studies to illustrate how the tourism industry is responding to climate change issues. Additionally, team members of the theme issue from Australia, India, Germany, Malaysia and Canada review some of the latest thinking on the relationships between tourism and climate change.

Practical implications
This paper outlines challenges and new approaches to the management of climate change in tourism.

Originality/value
Explores the extent to which innovative approaches, discussed in this theme issue, could be replicated and applied in countries that have yet to take action on tourism-related climate change.
Cross‐protection against Vibrio cholerae infection by monoclonal antibodies against Vibrio vulnificus RtxA1/MARTXVv
Authors: Lee Tae Hee , Cha Sun‐Shin , Lee Chang‐Seop , Rhee Joon Haeng , Woo Hye Ryun , Chung Kyung Min 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTGram‐negative Vibrio species secrete multifunctional autoprocessing repeats‐in‐toxin (MARTX) toxins associated with bacterial pathogenesis. Here, the cross‐reactivity and cross‐protectivity of mAbs against V. vulnificus RtxA1/MARTXVv was evaluated. Passive administration of any of these mAbs (21RA, 24RA, 46RA, 47RA and 50RA) provided strong protection against lethal V. cholerae infection. Interestingly, 24RA and 46RA, which map to the cysteine protease domain of V. cholerae MARTXVc, inhibited CPD autocleavage in vitro; this process is involved in V. cholerae pathogenesis. These results generate new insight into the development of broadly protective mAbs and/or vaccines against Vibrio species with MARTX toxins.
Effects of plant diversity on the concentration of secondary plant metabolites and the density of arthropods on focal plants in the field
Authors: Kostenko Olga , Mulder Patrick P. J. , Courbois Matthijs , Bezemer T. Martijn 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe diversity of the surrounding plant community can directly affect the abundance of insects on a focal plant as well as the size and quality of that focal plant. However, to what extent the effects of plant diversity on the arthropod community on a focal plant are mediated by host plant quality or by the diversity of the surrounding plants remains unresolved.In the field, we sampled arthropod communities on focalJacobaea vulgarisplants growing in experimental plant communities that were maintained at different levels of diversity (one, two, four or nine species) for 3 years. Focal plants were also planted in plots without surrounding vegetation. We recorded the structural characteristics of each of the surrounding plant communities as well as the growth, and primary and secondary chemistry (pyrrolizidine alkaloids,PAs) of the focal plants to disentangle the potential mechanisms causing the diversity effects.Two years after planting, the abundance of arthropods on focal plants that were still in the vegetative stage decreased with increasing plant diversity, while the abundance of arthropods on reproductive focal plants was not significantly affected by the diversity of the neighbouring community. The size of both vegetative and reproductive focal plants was not significantly affected by the diversity of the neighbouring community, but the levels ofPAs and the foliar N concentration of vegetative focal plants decreased with increasing plant diversity. Structural equation modelling revealed that the effects of plant diversity on the arthropod communities on focal plants were not mediated by changes in plant quality.Synthesis. Plant quality can greatly influence insect preference and performance. However, under natural conditions, the effects of the neighbouring plant community can overrule the plant quality effects of individual plants growing in those communities on the abundance of insects associated to this plant.
A global test for phylogenetic signal in shifts in flowering time under climate change
Authors: Rafferty Nicole E. , Nabity Paul D. 
Published: November 2016

Summary

Shifts in the timing of flowering are a conspicuous biological signal of climate change. These shifts have been documented across the globe for diverse communities. Although many species are flowering earlier, others have exhibited no shifts or delays in flowering.

How species respond phenologically will shape interactions both with other community members and with the abiotic environment, altering fitness, abundance and ultimately persistence.

To understand if variability in phenological response is influenced by evolutionary history, we tested for phylogenetic signal in shifts in flowering onset for 13 communities representing 116 families across the Northern Hemisphere. We compared the fit of models of neutral evolution (Brownian Motion) with models that incorporate selection (Ornstein–Uhlenbeck).

We found significant signal in whether species had shifted and the magnitude of response, with both traits conforming to an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck model of trait evolution.

Synthesis. These results show there is global phylogenetic signal in the direction and magnitude of shifts in flowering onset and indicate selection has shaped flowering time responses of related species under climate change; thus, environmentally determined optima may constrain whether and to what degree species respond phenologically to climate change. Our findings further demonstrate the value of testing for phylogenetic signal across multiple communities and comparing multiple models of trait evolution.
The Effect of Monetary Policies on the Relationship between Advertising and Mutual Fund Flows
Authors: Wu Ming‐Hung , Tsai Wei‐Che , Chen Miao‐Ling 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the effect of monetary policies, mainly proxied by interest rate changes, on the relationship between advertising and subsequent net cash flows for Taiwan's mutual fund industry. Based on a comprehensive mutual fund dataset and allowing for a precise estimation of fund inflows and outflows, we find that there is a positive advertising–cash flow relation under different macroeconomic conditions. Taking into account a change in the interest rate, we document that the positive relationship between the two only exists when the interest rate is at a relatively low level regardless of restrictive and expansionary periods. Our empirical findings shed new light on marketing strategies whereby mutual fund advertising works well during relatively low interest rate environments, which are generally interpreted as exhibiting low cost of capital and a good signal of future economic conditions.
IκBNS induces Muc5ac expression in epithelial cells and causes airway hyper‐responsiveness in murine asthma models
Authors: Yokota M. , Tamachi T. , Yokoyama Y. , Maezawa Y. , Takatori H. , Suto A. , Suzuki K. , Hirose K. , Takeda K. , Nakajima H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundIn allergic asthma, environmental allergens including house dust mite (HDM) trigger pattern recognition receptors and activate downstream signaling pathways including NF‐κB pathways not only in immune cells but also in airway epithelial cells. Recent studies have shown that NF‐κB activation is regulated positively or negatively depending on the cellular context by IκBNS (encoded by the gene Nfkbid), one of atypical IκB proteins, in the nucleus. Therefore, we hypothesized that IκBNS expressed in immune cells or epithelial cells is involved in the regulation of asthmatic responses.AimTo determine the roles of IκBNS in HDM‐induced asthmatic responses.MethodsRoles of IκBNS in HDM‐induced airway inflammation and airway hyper‐responsiveness (AHR) were examined by using IκBNS‐deficient (Nfkbid−/−) mice. Roles of IκBNS expressed in hematopoietic cells and nonhematopoietic cells were separately evaluated by bone marrow chimeric mice. Roles of IκBNS expressed in murine tracheal epithelial cells (mTECs) were examined by air–liquid interface culture.ResultsHouse dust mite‐induced airway inflammation and AHR were exacerbated in mice lacking IκBNS in hematopoietic cells. In contrast, HDM‐induced airway inflammation was exacerbated, but AHR was attenuated in mice lacking IκBNS in nonhematopoietic cells. The induction of Muc5ac, a representative mucin in asthmatic airways, was reduced in Nfkbid−/− mTEC, whereas the induction of Spdef, a master regulator of goblet cell metaplasia, was not impaired in Nfkbid−/− mTEC. Moreover, IκBNS bound to and activated the MUC5AC distal promoter in epithelial cells.ConclusionIκBNS is involved in inducing Muc5ac expression in lung epithelial cells and causing AHR in HDM‐induced asthma models.
In Vitro Laser Fenestration of Aortic Stent‐Grafts: A Qualitative Analysis Under Scanning Electron Microscope
Authors: Lin Jing , Udgiri Naval , Guidoin Robert , Panneton Jean , Guan Xiaoning , Guillemette Maxime , Wang Lu , Du Jia , Zhu Dajie , Nutley Mark , Zhang Ze 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn situ fenestration of stent‐grafts allows patients with life threatening aortic pathologies to be amenable to emergent “off the shelf indications for use” percutaneous treatments as a bail out technique. Three types of aortic stent‐grafts were subjected to laser fenestration in a physiological saline solution followed by balloon angioplasty using 8, 10 or 12 mm in diameter noncompliant balloons. The morphology and the size of fenestrations were observed under optical and scanning electron microscopy. The damage to the fabrics was analyzed and quantified. The creation of fenestrations was feasible in all devices, with varying degrees of fraying and/or tearing. The monofilament twill weave (Medtronic Valiant) tore in two directions (warp and weft) while the multifilament weave fenestrations showed more fraying (Anaconda Vascutek and Zenith TX2 Cook). The size and directions of tearing were more predictable with the 8 mm diameter balloon whereas the results obtained with the 10 and 12 mm diameter balloons were more unpredictable. The fenestrations were free of melting of the yarns and blackening of the filaments. The in situ fenestration is feasible but the observed damage to the fabric constructions must be carefully considered. This procedure must currently be limited to urgent and emergent life threatening cases because it is off indications for use for approved devices.
Fabrication, Characterization, and Hemocompatibility Investigation of Polysulfone Grafted With Polyethylene Glycol and Heparin Used in Membrane Oxygenators
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Wang Weiping , Huang Xin , Lv Quan , Fan Wenling , Yu Wenkui , Li Lei , Zhang Zhibing 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPolysulfone (PSF) was grafted chemically with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of different molecular weights (400, 2000, 10 000, and 20 000) and heparin to prepare PSF–PEG–Hep membranes (labeled as PSF–PEG400–Hep, PSF–PEG2000–Hep, PSF–PEG10 000–Hep, and PSF–PEG20 000–Hep). These membranes were synthesized via the following steps: (i) PSF chloromethylation; (ii) PEGylation; and (iii) heparin immobilization process. Water contact angle, critical water permeation pressure, ATR–FTIR, 1H NMR, UV–visible spectrophotometry, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy were conducted to prove grafting success and to fix the optimal reaction parameters during chemical modification processes. To further evaluate the application potential of the PSF–PEG–Hep membrane in a membrane oxygenator, we conducted pure CO2 and O2 gas permeation tests and measured the gas exchange rates of CO2 and O2 through a membrane oxygenator using fresh porcine blood. Meanwhile, the hemocompatibility of the membrane was analyzed and compared by protein adsorption, platelet adhesion, and blood coagulation tests. Results of pure gas permeation experiments indicated that the excellent gas transmission properties through PSF membrane were preserved after modification. Blood oxygenation experiments through the PSF–PEG10 000–Hep membrane showed that when the flow rate of porcine blood was 1.5 L/min, CO2 and O2 exchange rates reached 102 and 110 mL/min, respectively, which could basically satisfy the gas exchange potential of commercial membrane oxygenators. Besides, the PSF–PEG–Hep membrane has demonstrated more prominent blood compatibility than PSF.
Renoprotection: focus on TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2
Authors: Markó L. , Mannaa M. , Haschler T. N. , Krämer S. , Gollasch M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMembers of the transient receptor potential (TRP) cation channel receptor family have unique sites of regulatory function in the kidney which enables them to promote regional vasodilatation and controlled Ca2+ influx into podocytes and tubular cells. Activated TRP vanilloid 1 receptor channels (TRPV1) have been found to elicit renoprotection in rodent models of acute kidney injury following ischaemia/reperfusion. Transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6) in podocytes is involved in chronic proteinuric kidney disease, particularly in focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). TRP vanilloid 4 receptor channels (TRPV4) are highly expressed in the kidney, where they induce Ca2+ influx into endothelial and tubular cells. TRP melastatin (TRPM2) non‐selective cation channels are expressed in the cytoplasm and intracellular organelles, where their inhibition ameliorates ischaemic renal pathology. Although some of their basic properties have been recently identified, the renovascular role of TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2 channels in disease states such as obesity, hypertension and diabetes is largely unknown. In this review, we discuss recent evidence for TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6 and TRPM2 serving as potential targets for acute and chronic renoprotection in chronic vascular and metabolic disease.
Extended Low‐Dose Exposure to Saxitoxin Inhibits Neurite Outgrowth in Model Neuronal Cells
Authors: O'Neill Katie , Musgrave Ian F. , Humpage Andrew 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe potent neurotoxin saxitoxin (STX) belongs to a group of structurally related analogues produced by both marine and freshwater phytoplankton. The toxins act by blocking voltage‐gated sodium channels stopping the inflow of sodium ions and the generation of action potentials. Exposure from marine sources occurs as a result of consuming shellfish which have concentrated the toxins, and freshwater exposure can occur from drinking water although there have been no acute poisonings from the latter source to date. Previously, the majority of research into this group of toxins, collectively known as the paralytic shellfish toxins, has focused on acute exposure resulting in paralytic shellfish poisoning. While acute exposure guidelines exist for both sources, there are no chronic exposure guidelines and there has been minimal research into this pattern of exposure despite the known role of electrical activity in neurogenesis. We aimed to investigate this pattern of exposure and its potential effects on neurodevelopment using model neuronal cells. PC12 and SH‐SY5Y cells were exposed to STX (0.25–3 μg/l) for 7 days, after which time they were stained with TRITC‐Phalloidin, to observe adverse morphological effects. Cells exposed to STX had a significant decrease (18–85%) in long axonlike projections, instead exhibiting a significant increase in shorter projections classified as filopodia (p < 0.05). The results suggest that extended low‐dose exposure to STX can inhibit proper neurite outgrowth at concentrations well below guideline levels for both sources of exposure making it a potential public health concern.
Do KV7.1 channels contribute to control of arterial vascular tone?
Authors: Tsvetkov Dmitry , Kaßmann Mario , Tano Jean‐Yves , Chen Lan , Schleifenbaum Johanna , Voelkl Jakob , Lang Florian , Huang Yu , Gollasch Maik 
Published: November 2016

Background and PurposeKV7.1 voltage‐gated potassium channels are expressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) of diverse arteries, including mesenteric arteries. Based on pharmacological evidence using R‐L3 (KV7.1 channel opener), HMR1556, chromanol 293B (KV7.1 channel blockers), stimulation of these channels has been suggested to evoke profound relaxation in various vascular beds of rats. However, the specificity of these drugs in vivo is uncertain.Experimental ApproachWe used Kcnq1−/− mice and pharmacological tools to determine whether KV7.1 channels play a role in the regulation of arterial tone.Key ResultsR‐L3 produced similar concentration‐dependent relaxations (EC50 ~ 1.4 μM) of arteries from wild‐type (Kcnq1+/+) and Kcnq1−/− mice, pre‐contracted with either phenylephrine or 60 mM KCl. This relaxation was not affected by 10 μM chromanol 293B, 10 μM HMR1556 or 30 μM XE991 (pan‐KV7 channel blocker). The anti‐contractile effects of the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) were normal in Kcnq1−/− arteries. Chromanol 293B and HMR1556 did not affect the anti‐contractile effects of (PVAT). Isolated VSMCs from Kcnq1−/− mice exhibited normal peak KV currents. The KV7.2–5 channel opener retigabine caused similar relaxations in Kcnq1−/− and wild‐type vessels.Conclusion and ImplicationsWe conclude that KV7.1 channels were apparently not involved in the control of arterial tone by α1‐adrenoceptor agonists and PVAT. In addition, R‐L3 is an inappropriate pharmacological tool for studying the function of native vascular KV7.1 channels in mice.
The Potential for Youth Programs to Promote African American Youth's Development of Ethnic and Racial Identity
Authors: Brittian Loyd Aerika , Williams Brittney V. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEffective programs for youth can reduce problem behaviors and promote positive development. In particular, cultural assets (e.g., ethnic–racial identity) are important for African American youth's health and development. In this article, we argue that youth programs represent an important social context for African American youth's development of positive ethnic–racial identity, and we present a conceptual framework for understanding how such programs may affect African American youth's development in this area. Then, we provide examples of evidence‐based programs that have assessed this developmental process among African American youth. We conclude with considerations for research.