bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in urine volume and serum albumin in incident hemodialysis patients
Authors: Eriguchi Rieko , Obi Yoshitsugu , Rhee Connie M. , Chou Jason A. , Tortorici Amanda R. , Mathew Anna T. , Kim Taehee , Soohoo Melissa , Streja Elani , Kovesdy Csaba P. , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kamyar 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntroduction: Hypoalbuminemia is a predictor of poor outcomes in dialysis patients. Among hemodialysis patients, there has not been prior study of whether residual kidney function or decline over time impacts serum albumin levels. We hypothesized that a decline in residual kidney function is associated with an increase in serum albumin levels among incident hemodialysis patients.Methods: In a large national cohort of 38,504 patients who initiated hemodialysis during 1/2007‐12/2011, we examined the association of residual kidney function, ascertained by urine volume and renal urea clearance, with changes in serum albumin over five years across strata of baseline residual kidney function, race, and diabetes using case‐mix adjusted linear mixed effects models.Findings: Serum albumin levels increased over time. At baseline, patients with greater urine volume had higher serum albumin levels: 3.44 ± 0.48, 3.50 ± 0.46, 3.57 ± 0.44, 3.59 ± 0.45, and 3.65 ± 0.46 g/dL for urine volume groups of <300, 300–<600, 600–<900, 900–<1,200, and ≥1,200 mL/day, respectively (Ptrend < 0.001). Over time, urine volume and renal urea clearance declined and serum albumin levels rose, while the baseline differences in serum albumin persisted across groups of urinary volume. In addition, the rate of decline in residual kidney function was not associated with the rate of change in albumin.Discussion: Hypoalbuminemia in hemodialysis patients is associated with lower residual kidney function. Among incident hemodialysis patients, there is a gradual rise in serum albumin that is independent of the rate of decline in residual kidney function, suggesting that preservation of residual kidney function does not have a deleterious impact on serum albumin levels.
The power of symbolic capital in patient and public involvement in health research
Authors: Locock Louise , Boylan Anne‐Marie , Snow Rosamund , Staniszewska Sophie 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundPolicy‐makers and health research funders increasingly require researchers to demonstrate that they have involved patients in the design and conduct of research. However, the extent to which patients and public have the power to get involved on an equal footing is dependent on their economic, cultural, social and symbolic capital.ObjectiveTo explore power relations in patient and public involvement (PPI) in research, particularly how patients may wield symbolic capital to develop a more equal relationship.MethodsNarrative interviews with a maximum variation sample of 38 people involved as patients, carers or public in health research, analysed thematically.FindingsSymbolic capital may be demonstrated in a range of ways (sometimes alongside or in the absence of other forms of capital): illness experience, technical illness knowledge and the challenging outsider. Symbolic capital is unstable and dependent on others for recognition and legitimacy. Nonetheless, participants identify a gradual shift in power relations over time.Discussion and conclusionsResearch into PPI has been conceptually and theoretically poor, limiting our understanding of its mechanisms and wider contextual elements. Our findings demonstrate the importance of reflecting on the forms of power and capital wielded by the health research community, and of acknowledging the way in which PPI is challenging the status quo. As one of the first papers to conceptualize how different forms of symbolic capital operate and their critical role in challenging the balance of power, our findings may help researchers better plan their PPI activities and reflect on their own power.
Assessing the spatial ecology and resource use of a mobile and endangered species in an urbanized landscape using satellite telemetry and DNA faecal metabarcoding
Authors: Groom Christine , White Nicole E. , Mitchell Nicola , Roberts J. Dale , Mawson Peter 
Published: November 2016

The conservation of highly mobile species presents challenges to managers for assessment of threats to survival, given the difficulties in locating and observing such species. Here we evaluate satellite telemetry, DNA faecal metabarcoding and traditional field observations as three complementary techniques to acquire critical management information for an endangered species, Carnaby's Cockatoo Calyptorhynchus latirostris. Satellite telemetry of 23 birds resulted in 6026 location fixes accurate to within 500 m, and combined with extensive field observations and DNA faecal metabarcoding resulted in a more detailed understanding of how this species survives in an urbanized landscape. We identified 168 night roosts, 75% of which were previously unknown, which will contribute towards a more accurate population size estimate based on annual counts of roosting birds. We also determined the scale of daily movements (morning 5.4 ± 3.4 km from roost, afternoon 5.5 ± 3.3 km to roost; maximum distance between consecutive roosts 69.7 km) and the size of foraging areas around roosts (range 17–276 km2), and identified dependence on a variety of native and exotic food sources. Field observations identified 11 food‐plant families, but combined with DNA faecal metabarcoding this was extended to 21 food‐plant families. The three techniques were compared to assess their individual and collective values. By combining spatial ecology information from satellite telemetry with ecological knowledge from field observation and DNA faecal analysis, we gained deeper insights into the ecology of the species than would have been possible from any one technique alone. This information will lead to more strategic conservation planning to allow this species to persist within a rapidly expanding urban environment.
Cereal processing and glycaemic response
Authors: Sopade Peter A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryCereals are processed into diverse products using techniques that range from thermal to biotechnological, with different degrees of mechanical and pressure effects, in various moisture systems. Amongst others, cereal processing gelatinises starch, influences its digestibility and modulates glycaemia, and this review concentrates on recent developments on how cereal processing conditions affect these properties. In vitro and in vivo starch digestions are discussed, so also are types of digestible starches and glycaemic indices (GIs) of cereal products. Modelling of in vitro starch digestograms and estimated GIs of processing effects are highlighted. Extrusion moisture of and fermentation time‐dependent acidity in cereal products reduce GIs, and their lipid components can enhance amylose–lipid complexation to reduce starch digestibility. Cereal types and varieties differ in starch characteristics, micronutrients, amylase inhibitors and nonstarch components. This review explores how these endogenous factors, in association with exogenous factors, can assist in combining cereal processing conditions for desirable glycaemic outcomes.
The effect of pumpkin fibre on quality and storage stability of reduced‐fat set‐type yogurt
Authors: Bakirci Sümeyra , Dagdemir Elif , Boran Osman Seracettin , Hayaloglu Ali Adnan 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIn this study, the effect of pumpkin fibre (PF) on physicochemical, microbiological, rheological and microstructural characteristics of reduced‐fat yogurt samples was investigated during storage. PF was added at three different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5%) to standardised (1.55% fat ratio) cow's milk. Plain yogurt (PF‐free) was used for comparison. The addition of PF significantly affected total solid content, synaeresis, water‐holding capacity, apparent viscosity and colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) of yogurt samples for all sampling time. The addition of PF caused a reduction in L* values (from 94.89 to 88.67), but caused an increase in a* (from −2.10 to +4.22) and b* (from 10.79 to 25.88) values. Yogurts with PF exhibited lower synaeresis and more viscous structure than PF‐free sample during storage. SEM images showed that distinctive microstructure profile was present between samples with or without PF. More filamentous structures and denser network were observed in the SEM images and these increased with increasing level of PF. Yogurt containing 1.0% PF showed a higher storage (G′) (3687.87 at 21 day) and loss (G″) (543.10 at 21 day) moduli in comparison with other samples. In conclusion, the results revealed that PF improved the physical quality and contributed textural properties of half‐fat yogurt.
Effects of state/phase transitions on the quality attributes of mango (Mangifera indica L.) during frozen storage
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhao Jin‐Hong , Ding Yang , Nie Ying , Xiao Hong‐Wei , Zhu Zhen , Tang Xuan‐Ming 
Published: November 2016

SummaryEffects of different state/phase transitions (temperature fluctuations) on quality attributes of mango cubes during frozen storage were investigated. Temperature of frozen mango was modulated from −65 °C to different states, namely, rubbery state , partially freeze‐concentrated state () and glassy states ( and ). Results revealed that frozen samples after 4 weeks of storage in a glassy state showed higher quality in hardness, drip loss, colour and ascorbic acid. Quality of mango still continued to change during frozen storage even in the glassy state without temperature fluctuations. Furthermore, there was a significant decrease in quality attributes of frozen mango subjected to temperature fluctuations above and . Current work indicates glassy state storage can improve retention of quality attributes in frozen mango and glassy state without temperature fluctuation was proposed as the most favourable frozen storage condition.
Serum ferritin level is a prognostic marker in patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Koyama S. , Fujisawa S. , Watanabe R. , Itabashi M. , Ishibashi D. , Ishii Y. , Hattori Y. , Nakajima Y. , Motohashi K. , Takasaki H. , Kawasaki R. , Hashimoto C. , Yamazaki E. , Koharazawa H. , Takemura S. , Tomita N. , Sakai R. , Motomura S. , Nakajima H. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryIntroductionThe prognostic value of serum ferritin level in patients with peripheral T‐cell lymphoma (PTCL) remains unknown.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical data from 78 consecutive patients with newly diagnosed PTCL that were treated with anthracycline‐containing regimens between 1998 and 2011.ResultsThe patients consisted of 50 males and 28 females with a median age of 64 years (range, 16–83 years). The subtypes of PTCL were 39 PTCL, not otherwise specified and 39 angioimmunoblastic T‐cell lymphoma (AITL). The median observation period for the surviving patients was 50 months. The overall survival (OS) was poorer in patients with serum ferritin level above the upper normal limit (n = 28), compared with patients with serum ferritin level within normal range (n = 50; 4‐year OS: 23% vs. 72%; P < 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, poor performance status (P = 0.006) and elevated serum ferritin level (P = 0.018) were independent risk factors for poor OS.ConclusionSerum ferritin level is a useful prognostic marker for PTCL.
School absenteeism among school‐aged children with medically attended acute viral respiratory illness during three influenza seasons, 2012‐2013 through 2014‐2015
Authors: McLean Huong Q. , Peterson Siri H. , King Jennifer P. , Meece Jennifer K. , Belongia Edward A. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundAcute respiratory illnesses (ARIs) are common in school‐aged children, but few studies have assessed school absenteeism due to specific respiratory viruses.ObjectiveTo evaluate school absenteeism among children with medically attended ARI due to common viruses.MethodsWe analyzed follow‐up surveys from children seeking care for acute respiratory illness who were enrolled in the influenza vaccine effectiveness study at Marshfield Clinic during the 2012‐2013 through 2014‐2015 influenza seasons. Archived influenza‐negative respiratory swabs were retested using multiplex RT‐PCR to detect 16 respiratory virus targets. Negative binomial and logistic regression models were used to examine the association between school absence and type of respiratory viruses; endpoints included mean days absent from school and prolonged (>2 days) absence. We examined the association between influenza vaccination and school absence among children with RT‐PCR‐confirmed influenza.ResultsAmong 1027 children, 2295 days of school were missed due to medically attended ARIs; influenza accounted for 39% of illness episodes and 47% of days missed. Mean days absent were highest for influenza (0.96‐1.19) and lowest for coronavirus (0.62). Children with B/Yamagata infection were more likely to report prolonged absence than children with A/H1N1 or A/H3N2 infection [OR (95% CI): 2.1 (1.0, 4.5) and 1.7 (1.0, 2.9), respectively]. Among children with influenza, vaccination status was not associated with prolonged absence.ConclusionsSchool absenteeism due to medically attended ARIs varies by viral infection. Influenza B infections accounted for the greatest burden of absenteeism.
Effects of processing factors on the quality of mechanically expressed Moringa (Moringa oleifera) oil: A response surface approach
Authors: Fakayode Olugbenga Abiola , Ajav Emmanuel Atoo , Akinoso Rahman 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEdible unrefined oils produced by expellers need to possess high quality attributes; therefore, the effects of processing factors on the quality of mechanically expressed moringa oil were investigated. A 4 × 5 Central Composite Rotatable Design was adopted for the experiments. Processing factors were moisture content, heating temperature, heating time and applied pressure. Oil quality criteria such as FFA, oil impurity and colour were determined. Data analyses were done using multiple linear regression at p = .05. The FFA, impurity and colour intensity ranged from 2.42–7.40 mg/KOH/g, 5.70–7.60 LU and 2.12–3.20% respectively and fell majorly within acceptable limits. Mathematical models were developed relating processing factors to oil quality. Coefficients of determination (R2) for the FFA, impurity and colour intensity were .94, .98 and .99 respectively. Deviations between experimental and predicted values were low and ranged from 0.01–0.68, 0.01–0.12 and 0.01–0.12 for the FFA, colour intensity and impurity respectively.Practical applicationsEdible unrefined oils being produced by expellers need to possess high quality attributes. Applied pressure, heating temperature, heating duration, and moisture content affect the quality of vegetable oil expression and these factors need to be controlled during expression process. Free fatty acid (FFA), color intensity, and oil impurity are some of the most important oil quality parameters. FFA is responsible for rancidity; color is the most obvious product characteristic evaluated by any consumer of vegetable oil; while oil impurity affects the sensory characteristics of the oil. As the mechanical method of oil expression has gained high importance in modern vegetable oil industry, it is necessary to determine the effects of processing factors on the quality of the expressed oil. In this study, mathematical models were developed to predict the physico‐chemical properties of mechanically expressed moringa oil at various processing conditions. This would serve as useful data to moringa oil processors.
Performance characterization and optimization of a synchronized medium‐scale oil palm fruit processing mill
Authors: Morakinyo T. Afolabi , Bamgboye A. Isaac 
Published: November 2016

AbstractPrevious studies revealed that sterilization, digestion, and mechanical oil extraction have not been fully mechanized in Nigeria. A synchronized medium‐scale oil palm fruits processing mill consisting of a boiler, sterilizer, inclined screw conveyor, digester and screw‐press was developed. Prominent cultivars of Dura and Tenera fruitlets of 20, 30, and 50 years of age were selected for the evaluation of this mill. In this study, the performance evaluation of the unit operations of this mill was characterized. Surface response methodology was employed using STATISTICA Release 7 model: STA862D175437Q to optimize the mill throughput, efficiency and oil yield. The result showed that, the performance efficiency and throughput of boiler, sterilizer, inclined screw conveyor, vertical digester and twin‐cam screw‐press were 71.3% and 55.0 L/h, 70% and 75.4 kg/h, 72.7% and 70.2 kg/h, 85.4% and 152.4 kg/h, 83.0% and 190.0 kg/h, respectively. The synchronized medium‐scale oil palm processing mill had the optimum throughput, efficiency and oil yield of 80.35 kg/h, 84.70% and 29.28%, respectively.Practical applicationsAbout 90% of annual palm oil production in Nigeria is still being processed with traditional and small‐scale methods across twenty four oil palm producing states. Over 40 million of rural women and small‐scale oil palm processors were grossly burdensome with lack of appropriate indigenous technology. It has been reported that about 140 of indigenous fabricators were involved in producing machines for small‐scale processors both in Nigeria and Ghana including palm oil research institutes, without developing a synchronized mill that can enhance productivity, timeliness and oil yield (Elekwachi, Fadare, & Owolarafe, ; PIND, ).The unit operations of small‐scale mills were usually separately installed without instrumentation devices to regulate their processing parameters for optimum oil yield. In this synchronized medium‐scale oil palm fruits processing mill, fresh oil palm fruits were fully sterilized using the superheated steam generated from biomass fire‐tube vertical boiler which was synchronized with sterilizer. The sterilized fruits were conveyed through inclined screw‐conveyor to the steam jacketed digester, which was connected to the twin‐cam screw press for the hot extraction processing operation. It is a continuous and full sterilization mill, which has increased oil yield tremendously from 17.8% to 29.3% for Tenera cultivar fruitlets. This study presented technical information in term of mill equipment efficiency and throughput; likewise, the type of cultivar and age of palm fruit that enhances overall optimum mill efficiency and oil yield.
Multilingualism in the Andes and Amazonia: A View from In‐between
Authors: Emlen Nicholas Q. 
Published: November 2016

ResumenMuchos pueblos indígenas de Sudamérica son actualmente multilingües. Además, se puede identificar en idiomas sudamericanos la presencia de efectos de contacto histórico que demuestran que el multilingüismo ha sido una parte importante de las sociedades del continente desde hace mucho tiempo. Sin embargo, el multilingüismo y el contacto lingüístico en los Andes y la Amazonía se han tratado mayormente por separado en la literatura académica. Este artículo examina dos aspectos de multilingüismo identificado por los especialistas de cada región—acerca del rol de formaciones políticas jerárquicas y la importancia de los idiomas coloniales. Los analiza en relación a un caso contemporáneo de multilingüismo entre el quechua, el matsigenka, y el castellano en una zona de transición andina–amazónica en el sur del Perú. Este caso se puede describir como una red multilingüe que integra ambas regiones. De esta forma podemos demostrar que las situaciones andinas y amazónicas son más similares de lo que se ha considerado hasta ahora. Al poner atención a tales vínculos andino–amazónicos, proponemos ampliar nuestro conocimiento de la riqueza y la variabilidad del multilingüismo en Sudamérica.
Characterization of Gambierdiscus lapillus sp. nov. (Gonyaulacales, Dinophyceae): a new toxic dinoflagellate from the Great Barrier Reef (Australia)
Authors: Kretzschmar Anna Liza , Verma Arjun , Harwood Tim , Hoppenrath Mona , Murray Shauna 
Published: November 2016

Gambierdiscus is a genus of benthic dinoflagellates found worldwide. Some species produce neurotoxins (maitotoxins and ciguatoxins) that bioaccumulate and cause ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), a potentially fatal food‐borne illness that is common worldwide in tropical regions. The investigation of toxigenic species of Gambierdiscus in CFP endemic regions in Australia is necessary as a first step to determine which species of Gambierdiscus are related to CFP cases occurring in this region. In this study, we characterized five strains of Gambierdiscus collected from Heron Island, Australia, a region in which ciguatera is endemic. Clonal cultures were assessed using (i) light microscopy; (ii) scanning electron microscopy; (iii) DNA sequencing based on the nuclear encoded ribosomal 18S and D8‐D10 28S regions; (iv) toxicity via mouse bioassay; and (v) toxin profile as determined by Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry. Both the morphological and phylogenetic data indicated that these strains represent a new species of Gambierdiscus, G. lapillus sp. nov. (plate formula Po, 3′, 0a, 7″, 6c, 7‐8s, 5‴, 0p, 2″″ and distinctive by size and hatchet‐shaped 2′ plate). Culture extracts were found to be toxic using the mouse bioassay. Using chemical analysis, it was determined that they did not contain maitotoxin (MTX1) or known algal‐derived ciguatoxin analogs (CTX3B, 3C, CTX4A, 4B), but that they contained putative MTX3, and likely other unknown compounds.
Intercellular translocation of molecules via plasmodesmata in the multiseriate filamentous brown alga, Halopteris congesta (Sphacelariales, Phaeophyceae)
Authors: Nagasato Chikako , Tanaka Atsuko , Ito Toshiaki , Katsaros Christos , Motomura Taizo 
Published: November 2016

Despite the high number of studies on the fine structure of brown algal cells, only limited information is available on the intercelluar transportation of molecules via plasmodesmata in brown algae. In this study, plasmodesmatal permeability of Halopteris congesta was examined by observing the translocation of microinjected fluorescent tracers of different molecular sizes. The tip region of H. congesta consists of a cylindrical apical cell, while the basal region is multiseriate. Fluorescein isothiocyanate‐dextran (FD; 3, 10, and 20 kDa) and recombinant green fluorescent protein (27 kDa) were injected into the apical cell and were observed to diffuse into the neighboring cells. FD of 40 kDa was detected only in the injected apical cell. The plasmodesmatal size exclusion limit was considered to be more than 20 kDa and less than 40 kDa. The extent of translocation of 3 and 10 kDa FD from the apical to neighboring cells 2 h postinjection was estimated based on the fluorescence intensity. It was suggested that the diffusing capacity of plasmodesmata varied according to molecular size. In order to examine acropetal and/or basipetal direction of molecular movement, 3 and 10 kDa FD were injected into the third cell from the apical cell. Successive observations indicated that the diffusion of fluorescence in the acropetal direction took longer than that in the basipetal direction. No ultrastructural difference in plasmodesmata was noted among the cross walls.