bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigating the effects of age‐related spatial structuring on the transmission of a tick‐borne virus in a colonially breeding host
Authors: Wanelik Klara M. , Burthe Sarah J. , Harris Mike P. , Nunn Miles A. , Godfray H. Charles J. , Sheldon Ben C. , McLean Angela R. , Wanless Sarah 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigher pathogen and parasite transmission is considered a universal cost of colonial breeding due to the physical proximity of colony members. However, this has rarely been tested in natural colonies, which are structured entities, whose members interact with a subset of individuals and differ in their infection histories. We use a population of common guillemots,Uria aalge, infected by a tick‐borne virus,Great Island virus, to explore how age‐related spatial structuring can influence the infection costs borne by different members of a breeding colony. Previous work has shown that the per‐susceptible risk of infection (force of infection) is different for prebreeding (immature) and breeding (adult) guillemots which occupy different areas of the colony. We developed a mathematical model which showed that this difference in infection risk can only be maintained if mixing between these age groups is low. To estimate mixing between age groups, we recorded the movements of 63 individually recognizable, prebreeding guillemots in four different parts of a major colony in the North Sea during the breeding season. Prebreeding guillemots infrequently entered breeding areas (in only 26% of watches), though with marked differences in frequency of entry among individuals and more entries toward the end of the breeding season. Once entered, the proportion of time spent in breeding areas by prebreeding guillemots also varied between different parts of the colony. Our data and model predictions indicate low levels of age‐group mixing, limiting exposure of breeding guillemots to infection. However, they also suggest that prebreeding guillemots have the potential to play an important role in driving infection dynamics. This highlights the sensitivity of breeding colonies to changes in the behavior of their members—a subject of particular importance in the context of global environmental change.
Pomegranate seed clustering by machine vision
Authors: Amiryousefi Mohammad Reza , Mohebbi Mohebbat , Tehranifar Ali 
Published: November 2017

AbstractApplication of new procedures for reliable and fast recognition and classification of seeds in the agricultural industry is very important. Recent advances in computer image analysis made applicable the approach of automated quantitative analysis in order to group cultivars according to minor differences in seed traits that would be indiscernible in ocular inspection. In this work, in order to cluster 20 cultivars of pomegranate seed, nine image features and 21 physicochemical properties of them were extracted. The aim of this study was to evaluate if the information extracted from image of pomegranate seeds could be used instead of time‐consuming and partly expensive experiments of measuring their physicochemical properties. After data reduction with principal component analysis (PCA), different kinds of overlapping between these two types of data were controlled. The results showed that clustering base on all variables of image features contain more similar cultivars with clustering base on physicochemical properties (66.67% for cluster 1, 75% for cluster 2, and 50% for cluster 3). Therefore, by applying image analysis technique, the seeds almost were placed in different pomegranate clusters without spending time and additional costs.
Surveillance and diagnosis of zoonotic foodborne parasites
Authors: Zolfaghari Emameh Reza , Purmonen Sami , Sukura Antti , Parkkila Seppo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFoodborne parasites are a source of human parasitic infection. Zoonotic infections of humans arise from a variety of domestic and wild animals, including sheep, goats, cattle, camels, horses, pigs, boars, bears, felines, canids, amphibians, reptiles, poultry, and aquatic animals such as fishes and shrimp. Therefore, the implementation of efficient, accessible, and controllable inspection policies for livestock, fisheries, slaughterhouses, and meat processing and packaging companies is highly recommended. In addition, more attention should be paid to the education of auditors from the quality control (QC) and assurance sectors, livestock breeders, the fishery sector, and meat inspection veterinarians in developing countries with high incidence of zoonotic parasitic infections. Furthermore, both the diagnosis of zoonotic parasitic infections by inexpensive, accessible, and reliable identification methods and the organization of effective control systems with sufficient supervision of product quality are other areas to which more attention should be paid. In this review, we present some examples of successful inspection policies and recent updates on present conventional, serologic, and molecular diagnostic methods for zoonotic foodborne parasites from both human infection and animal‐derived foods.
Effect of isolation techniques on the characteristics of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) protein isolates
Authors: Adenekan Monilola K. , Fadimu Gbemisola J. , Odunmbaku Lukumon A. , Oke Emmanuel K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this study, the effect of different isolation techniques on the isolated proteins from pigeon pea was investigated. Water, methanol, ammonium sulfate, and acetone were used for the precipitation of proteins from pigeon pea. Proximate composition, and antinutritional and functional properties of the pigeon pea flour and the isolated proteins were measured. Data generated were statistically analyzed. The proximate composition of the water‐extracted protein isolate was moisture 8.30%, protein 91.83%, fat 0.25%, ash 0.05%, and crude fiber 0.05%. The methanol‐extracted protein isolate composition was moisture 7.87%, protein 91.83%, fat 0.17%, and ash 0.13%, while crude fiber and carbohydrates were not detected. The composition of the ammonium sulfate‐extracted protein isolate was moisture 7.73%, protein 91.73%, fat 0.36, ash 0.13%, and crude fiber 0.67%. The acetone‐extracted protein isolate composition was moisture 8.03%, protein 91.50%, ash 0.67%, and fat 0.30%, but crude fiber and carbohydrates were not detected. The isolate precipitated with ammonium sulfate displayed the highest foaming capacity (37.63%) and foaming stability (55.75%). Isolates precipitated with methanol and acetone had the highest water absorption capacity (160%). Pigeon pea protein isolates extracted with methanol and ammonium sulfate had the highest oil absorption capacity of 145%. Protein isolates recovered through acetone and methanol had the highest emulsifying capacity of 2.23% and emulsifying stability of 91.47%, respectively. The proximate composition of the recovered protein isolates were of high purity. This shows the efficiency of the extraction techniques. The isolates had desirable solubility index. All the isolation techniques brought significant impact on the characteristics of the isolated pigeon pea protein.
Maternal cognitive guidance and early education and care as precursors of mathematical development at preschool age and in ninth grade
Authors: Sorariutta Anne , Silvén Maarit 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFinnish students' international success in mathematics has been largely explained by the high‐quality compulsory basic education system, while increasing evidence suggests that early childhood contexts can also promote development long before formal instruction begins. This study examined, in a sample of 66 mother–infant dyads, 2 early contextual precursors of later mathematical development at preschool age and at the end of comprehensive school. The path analyses showed that maternal autonomy support and scaffolding observed during joint play interactions in infancy, and time spent in various care contexts beyond infancy contributed more to variation in numerical skills than spatial skills tested at preschool age. Maternal autonomy supportive behaviours were related to differences in mathematics and other school grades collected in ninth grade, even after controlling for time spent in various care contexts. Moreover, joint play interactions mediated the relation between mothers' education and children's mathematical outcomes. The findings are discussed in relation to why early developmental contexts can provide an advantageous base for children's mathematical achievement in a society with a high‐quality education system.HighlightsDoes the quality of mother–infant interaction and amount of early childhood education and care beyond infancy predict children's mathematical development?Mothers' cognitive guidance observed during play predicted children's mathematics skills tested at preschool and assessed by teachers at 9th grade.Autonomy support and scaffolding in early developmental contexts can have far‐reaching influences on children's motivation and school achievement.
Native T1 reference values for nonischemic cardiomyopathies and populations with increased cardiovascular risk: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: van den Boomen Maaike , Slart Riemer H.J.A. , Hulleman Enzo V. , Dierckx Rudi A.J.O. , Velthuis Birgitta K. , van der Harst Pim , Sosnovik David E. , Borra Ronald J.H. , Prakken Niek H.J. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundAlthough cardiac MR and T1 mapping are increasingly used to diagnose diffuse fibrosis based cardiac diseases, studies reporting T1 values in healthy and diseased myocardium, particular in nonischemic cardiomyopathies (NICM) and populations with increased cardiovascular risk, seem contradictory.PurposeTo determine the range of native myocardial T1 value ranges in patients with NICM and populations with increased cardiovascular risk.Study TypeSystemic review and meta‐analysis.PopulationPatients with NICM, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM), and patients with myocarditis (MC), iron overload, amyloidosis, Fabry disease, and populations with hypertension (HT), diabetes mellitus (DM), and obesity.Field Strength/Sequence(Shortened) modified Look–Locker inversion‐recovery MR sequence at 1.5 or 3T.AssessmentPubMed and Embase were searched following the PRISMA guidelines.Statistical TestsThe summary of standard mean difference (SMD) between the diseased and a healthy control populations was generated using a random‐effects model in combination with meta‐regression analysis.ResultsThe SMD for HCM, DCM, and MC patients were significantly increased (1.41, 1.48, and 1.96, respectively, P < 0.01) compared with healthy controls. The SMD for HT patients with and without left‐ventricle hypertrophy (LVH) together was significantly increased (0.19, P = 0.04), while for HT patients without LVH the SMD was zero (0.03, P = 0.52). The number of studies on amyloidosis, iron overload, Fabry disease, and HT patients with LVH did not meet the requirement to perform a meta‐analysis. However, most studies reported a significantly increased T1 for amyloidosis and HT patients with LVH and a significant decreased T1 for iron overload and Fabry disease patients.Data ConclusionsNative T1 mapping by using an (Sh)MOLLI sequence can potentially assess myocardial changes in HCM, DCM, MC, iron overload, amyloidosis, and Fabry disease compared to controls. In addition, it can help to diagnose left‐ventricular remodeling in HT patients.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:891–912.
Using dose error reduction software in paediatrics to prevent medication error
Authors: Munro Courtney 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundMedication errors during administration are not uncommon and have a higher risk and severity of error. Dose error reduction software (DERS) makes an infusion pump a ‘smart pump’.AimWe present our experience using DERS in an Australian paediatric hospital.DiscussionWe discuss adapting DERS for use in paediatrics: its limitations, and estimated preventable errors and cost avoidance. Importantly, DERS can prevent medication error in paediatrics.
An ensemble framework for time delay synchronization
Authors: Pinheiro Flavia R. , van Leeuwen Peter Jan , Parlitz Ulrich 
Published: November 2017

Synchronization based state estimation tries to synchronize a model with the true evolution of a system via the observations. In practice, an extra term is added to the model equations which hampers growth of instabilities transversal to the synchronization manifold. Therefore, there is a very close connection between synchronization and data assimilation. Recently, synchronization with time‐delayed observations has been proposed, in which observations at future times are used to help synchronize a system that does not synchronize using only present observations, with remarkable successes. Unfortunately, these schemes are limited to small‐dimensional problems.In this article, we lift that restriction by proposing an ensemble‐based synchronization scheme. Tests were performed using the Lorenz'96 model for 20‐, 100‐ and 1000‐dimension systems. Results show global synchronization errors stabilizing at values of at least an order of magnitude lower than the observation errors, suggesting that the scheme is a promising tool to steer model states to the truth. While this framework is not a complete data assimilation method, we develop this methodology as a potential choice for a proposal density in a more comprehensive data assimilation method, like a fully nonlinear particle filter.
Mass Spectrometric Characterization of Sonochemical Transformation Products of 2’‐Deoxycytidine under Aerated Conditions: Direct Observation of Hydroxyhydroperoxide and Glycol
Authors: Chandran Jisha , Aravind Usha K. , Aravindakumar Charuvila T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe present report profiles the complete ultrasound mediated transformation products of a DNA nucleoside, 2’‐deoxycytidine (dCyd), the second in this series, using high resolution mass spectrometry (UPLC−Q‐ToF‐MS). The compound, dCyd was subjected to sonolysis under four different frequencies (200, 350, 620 and 1000 kHz) at a power density of 24.5 W/ml. The extent of decomposition of dCyd follows the order 620>350>1000>200 kHz. The effect of different gases on sonolysis was also investigated. This clearly indicates the involvement of oxygen radical (O•) in the transformation reactions. The sonochemical transformation products of dCyd were analyzed using UPLC−Q‐ToF‐MS and a total of 8 products were identified and characterized. The identified products include two primary products, 5,6‐dihydro‐5‐hydroxy‐6‐hydroperoxy‐2’‐deoxycytidine (hydroxyhydroperoxide) and 5,6‐dihydro‐5,6‐dihydroxy‐2’‐deoxycytidine (glycol) which are generally difficult to identify in DNA damage studies due to their instability during the work up procedure. The structural identity of all the products was confirmed by the collisionally induced dissociation (CID) pattern. Out of the eight identified products, 5,6‐dihydroxy‐2’‐deoxycytidine, 5,6‐dihydroxy‐2’‐deoxyuridine and 5‐hydroxy‐2’‐deoxyuridine are not observed in radiolysis. The difference in product profile obtained for sonolysis and radiolysis is compared and contrasted.
Development of New Cs+ Ion‐Selective Electrode with Alkyl‐Bridged Calix[4]arene Crown‐6 Compounds for the Determination of Cs+ in Nuclear Waste Streams
Authors: Ramanjaneyulu Pentapati S. , Kundu Kshama , Sharma Manoj K. , Nayak Sandeep K. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA new liquid membrane based Ion Selective Electrodes (ISE) for Cs+ employing three 1,3 cycloalkyloxy bridged calix[4]arene crown 6 ether compounds (L1: cyclooctyloxy, L2: cyclodecyloxy, L3: cyclotetradecyloxy) as ionophores were developed. The best response was observed when L3 was used as an ionophore. The cation exchange resin DOWEX‐50 W was used to maintain low activity of Cs+ in inner filling solution (IFS) to improve the performance. With optimized IFS, Nernstian response (56.3 mV/decade of Cs+) over the concentration range 10−7 to 10−2 M of Cs+ was observed. Studies were also carried out to develop all solid contact Cs+ ISE employing gold‐ polyaniline composites as a transducer. Superior response for Cs+ was observed with IFS based ISE. The developed ISE showed detection limit of 3.7x10−8 M Cs+ with response time less than 20 seconds. Separate solution method was applied to determine selectivity for Cs+ over alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The response of ISE for Cs+ was fairly constant over the pH range 4–11. The concentration of Cs+ was determined in two simulated high level active waste solutions and spiked tap water samples and results agreed well with atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) values and expected values, respectively.
Halogen‐Induced Friedel‐Crafts Alkenylation Reactions with Haloalkynes: Direct Access to gem‐1, 1‐Dihaloalkenes
Authors: Maji Biswajit , Bhattacharya Aditya , Hazra Sunit 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA simple and efficient tactic for the synthesis of gem‐hetero‐ or homo‐dihaloalkenes is reported from haloalkynes where Friedel‐Crafts alkenylation is a key step. The method provides functionalized tetrasubstituted alkenes which are important precursors in organic synthesis. The strategy is further extended with intramolecular Friedel‐Crafts alkenylation on ω‐aryl alkynes to produce annulated arene carbocycles in a simple manner.
Functional Outcomes of Acute Inpatient Rehabilitation in Patients With Chronic Graft‐Versus‐Host Disease
Authors: Leung Jason , Smith Sean , Kalpakjian Claire 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundGrowing numbers of allogeneic stem cell transplants and improved posttransplant care have led to an increase of individuals with chronic graft‐versus‐host disease (cGVHD). Although cGVHD leads to functional impairment for many, there is limited literature regarding the benefits of acute inpatient rehabilitation for patients with cGVHD.ObjectiveTo assess Functional Independence Measure (FIM) outcomes of patients with cGVHD during acute inpatient rehabilitation and to compare inpatient rehabilitation outcomes with patients with burn injuries, a rehabilitation patient population with similar comorbidities.DesignRetrospective chart review.SettingAcute rehabilitation center at a large academic medical center.Patients (or Participants)A total of 37 adult patients with cGVHD and 30 with burn injuries admitted to inpatient rehabilitation from 2010 to 2015.Methods or InterventionsLinear regression analysis to evaluate group (cGVHD versus burn) differences in functional gains. Effect size and minimal detectable change at the 90% confidence level (MDC90) were used to evaluate change in FIM outcomes.Main Outcome MeasurementsTotal FIM gain, motor FIM gain, and FIM efficiency.ResultsPatients with cGVHD had statistically significant lower functional gains than patients with burn injuries, with an average of 11.66 fewer total FIM points (P ≤ .001), 10.54 fewer motor FIM points (P = .01), and 2.45 units less of FIM efficiency (P = .01). At the time of discharge, 7 (18%) patients with cGVHD exceeded the MDC90 values for total FIM gain versus 9 (30%) patients with burn injuries (P = .26). Eight (21%) patients with cGVHD exceeded the MDC90 for motor FIM gain versus 13 (43%) patients with burn injuries (P = .048). Effect sizes for patients with cGVHD and with burn injury were moderate to large, respectively, with patients with burn injuries having nearly twice the magnitude of gains as patients with cGVHD.ConclusionsDespite achieving more modest functional gains than patients with burn injuries, patients with cGVHD improved in function after acute inpatient rehabilitation. If replicated in larger studies, patients with functional impairment from cGVHD can be considered for inpatient rehabilitation. Future work should also determine minimal clinically important differences in function gain from inpatient rehabilitation for patients with cGVHD.Level of EvidenceII
Ultrasound Finding of Ischiofemoral Impingement Syndrome and Novel Treatment With Botulinum Toxin Chemodenervation: A Case Report
Authors: Chen Yin‐Ting , Jenkins Keyonna M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIschiofemoral impingement syndrome (IFIS) is a rare and poorly understood condition that leads to deep gluteal pain, groin, and/or medial thigh pain. It has unique diagnostic challenges, with limited nonoperative treatment options. It is caused by the impingement of the quadratus femoris by the lesser trochanter and the ischium. Currently, there are no validated physical examination maneuvers for IFIS, and the value of ischiofemoral interval for establishing IFIS is also uncertain. Ultrasound‐guided corticosteroid injections have been reported. Here, we present a case of novel treatment of IFIS with botulinum chemodenervation that led to long‐term symptomatic and functional improvement in this patient, with the unique ultrasound findings of the “eruption sign.”Level of EvidenceIV
Técnica radiográfica de estresse em varo bilateral simultâneo
Authors: Borges Felipe , de Castro Jacqueline , Kennedy Nicholas , Ferrari Marcio , Gomes Joao 
Published: November 2017

ResumoAs radiografias de estresse em varo são descritas como uma técnica efetiva e econômica de diagnóstico e tomada de decisão em lesões laterais do joelho, tanto no contexto agudo quanto crônico. A abertura do compartimento lateral varia de acordo com o número de estruturas danificadas, ajudando a diferenciar lesões isoladas do ligamento colateral fibular das lesões do canto posterolateral de grau III. A técnica convencional exige que o médico ou outro profissional de saúde aplique estresse em varo manual ao obter a radiografia em um joelho de cada vez. O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever, em detalhes, o método preferido dos autores para avaliar a abertura do compartimento lateral em ambos os joelhos simultaneamente, o que também evita a necessidade da presença do examinador na sala de imagem.
Discrepância de membros em menino de 11 meses de idade associada a osteoma osteoide
Authors: Cotta Ana , de Castro Renato , Paim Julia , Fiuza Leonardo , Lyra Maria 
Published: November 2017

ResumoOsteoma osteoide é um tumor ósseo benigno, mais frequente dos 10 aos 25 anos de idade e, em cerca de 80% dos pacientes, está associado a dor forte. O presente artigo descreve um paciente masculino apresentando claudicação, encurtamento do membro inferior direito e aumento de volume indolor da perna direita desde os 11 meses de idade. Os exames de imagem demonstraram lesão osteolítica contendo pequenas ossificações de permeio, envolvidas por espessamento cortical da diáfise da tíbia direita. As hipóteses diagnósticas de osteoma osteoide, de osteomielite crônica (abscesso de Brodie), de sarcoma de Ewing e de histiocitose de células de Langerhans foram levantadas. As culturas para microrganismos foram negativas e o exame histopatológico demonstrou osteoma osteoide. O presente relato expande o conhecimento sobre osteoma osteoide como causa de claudicação e discrepância de membros inferiores indolor em lactente. O diagnóstico diferencial precoce é importante, pois a exérese da lesão é curativa e previne sequelas futuras.