bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeny of Lotus (Leguminosae: Loteae): Partial incongruence between nrITS, nrETS and plastid markers and biogeographic implications
Authors: Kramina Tatiana E. , Degtjareva Galina V. , Samigullin Tahir H. , Valiejo-Roman Carmen M. , Kirkbride, Jr. Joseph H. , Volis Sergei , Deng Tao , Sokoloff Dmitry D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractLotus comprises ca. 130 species of herbs, semishrubs and shrubs native to the Old World, including important pasture crops and a model legume, L. japonicus. Earlier nrITS‐based phylogenies were incongruent with all taxonomic classifications of the genus. In particular, members of the former genus Dorycnium were unexpectedly placed near species of L. sect. Lotus. The primary goal of the present study is to explore whether the unexpected placement of members of sect. Lotus and the former genus Dorycnium in earlier phylogenetic studies resulted from (1) insufficient taxon sampling and/or (2) the use of only one DNA marker. The rooting of the Lotus phylogeny, its major clades and basic biogeographic patterns are also discussed. This is the first global phylogenetic study of Lotus that uses both plastid and nuclear markers. The nrITS region was analyzed in 155 ingroup specimens representing 98 species of Lotus. Sequences of nrITS, nrETS, psbA‐trnH spacer and rps16 intron were analyzed for 70 ingroup specimens representing 54 species. The placement of the segregate genera Dorycnium and Tetragonolobus in the synonymy of Lotus was confirmed. Analyses of plastid data strongly supported a basal split of Lotus into two clades, one comprising species of sect. Lotus plus those traditionally placed in Dorycnium and the other including the rest of the species. The former clade has a centre of species diversity in Europe and N Asia, and the latter in Macaronesia, Africa and S Asia. Only the "Southern" clade is resolved in analyses of nrITS and nrETS data. Trees inferred from plastid, nrITS and nrETS data shared the occurrence of several smaller clades corresponding to traditionally recognized infrageneric taxa or species groups as well as the occurrence of some well‐supported clades that differ from traditional taxonomic concepts. Several instances of incongruence were documented between nuclear and plastid markers and between the two nuclear markers, possibly resulting from reticulate evolution. The extant geographic patterns of Lotus are likely biased by at least one round of area fragmentation followed by expansion coupled with extensive speciation associated with the complex history of the Mediterranean biome.
IGG SPECIFIC LEVELS FOR DIPHTHERIA, TETANUS AND PERTUSSIS IN RURAL AND URBAN SAMPLES IN ALBANIA
Authors: Pojani Eftiola , Nelaj Erida , Ylli Alban 
Published: October 2016

INTRODUCTION: During the years 1970s and 1980s, IPH (Institute of Public Health) in Albania, achieved remarkable improvements in the biotechnology of the components production of D (diphtheria), T (tetanus) and P (pertussis) for the trivalent vaccine DTP, vaccine DT and the Td one, which together with vaccine TT, consequently led to the increasing of their effectiveness and efficiency. In the year 2000, Rubella component was added to Measles vaccine, and in the year 2005, Mumps component was added too (now MMR vaccine).OBJECTIVE: The primary objective of this study was to identify protective immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels for each antigen (diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis) according to different age groups and residence (rural and urban).METHODS: Two samples, each involving 120 healthy children were selected from urban and rural populations of three central regions of Albania. The children were aged between 1 and 15 years. IgG specific levels for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests (ELISA). Levels of IgG were classified into the following categories: unprotected, insufficient, and fair/good or full/sure protection, using specific thresholds for each, diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.RESULTS: Of the same population, 75.7% was found to have IgG protective levels for diphtheria. For tetanus, 81.4% of the total sample had protective levels of IgG, and for pertussis this proportion was 69.0%.Levels of protection for diphtheria and tetanus increased up until 3 years of age (diphtheria: 25.0% at 1 year and then 95.0% at 3 years of age; tetanus: 65.0% at 1 year and 90.0% at 3 years of age). From then on the trend stabilized. The same trend was not observed for pertussis, which presented protective IgG levels of 73.0% from the first year of life. When IgG protective levels were compared between rural and urban samples, differences were only found with diphtheria specific IgG, which was significantly higher in the rural population. Furthermore, a correlation in IgG levels was found among diphtheria and tetanus.CONCLUSIONS: IgG specific levels for diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis referring to our sample are are considered acceptable for providing protection in the general population. Nevertheless, these levels seem to have been achieved only after booster doses until the third year of life, especially for diphtheria.
MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE AND DEVELOPMENT OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN KOSOVO
Authors: Hoxha Rifat , Hoti Hamdi , Ahmeti Remzi 
Published: October 2016

Issues undertaken in this work include: how to increase the development of small and medium enterprises, the factors that affect their development, barriers in this process, how to help new entrepreneurs, how to increase the number of employers in this economic activity, innovations in enterprises, improvement of retailer balance, and how to increase local production and performance in general. This study will help address specific difficulties and problems of enterprises in Kosovo, and provide necessary recommendations for future steps for small and medium enterprises, while making it easier and supporting them in economic activities to develop economic support and have better employment for future generations in general
High Glycated Albumin and Mortality in Persons with Diabetes Mellitus on Hemodialysis
Authors: Chen Christina W , Drechsler Christiane , Suntharalingam Pirianthini , Karumanchi S Ananth , Wanner Christoph , Berg Anders H 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Monitoring of glycemic control with hemoglobin A1c (A1c) in hemodialysis patients may be compromised by anemia and erythropoietin therapy. Glycated albumin (GA) is an alternative measure of glycemic control but is not commonly used because of insufficient evidence of association to clinical outcomes. We tested whether GA measurements were associated with mortality in hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus.

METHODS
The German Diabetes and Dialysis Study (4D) investigated effects of atorvastatin on survival in 1255 patients with diabetes mellitus receiving hemodialysis. We measured GA during months 0, 6, and 12. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to measure associations between GA and A1c and all-cause mortality.

RESULTS
Patients with high baseline GA (fourth quartile) had a 42% higher 4-year mortality compared to those in the first quartile (HR 1.42; 95% CI, 1.09–1.85, P = 0.009). Repeated measurements of GA during year one also demonstrated that individuals in the top quartile for GA (analyzed as a time-varying covariate) had a 39% higher 4-year mortality (HR 1.39; 95% CI, 1.05–1.85, P = 0.022). The associations between high A1c and mortality using similar analyses were less consistent; mortality in individuals with baseline A1c values in the 3rd quartile was increased compared to 1st quartile (HR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.04–1.77, P = 0.023), but risk was not significantly increased in the 2nd or 4th quartiles, and there was a less consistent association between time-varying A1c values and mortality.

CONCLUSIONS
High GA measurements are consistently associated with increased mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus on hemodialysis.
From Retrogradism to Post-Gravitational Art and Back
Authors: Anđelković Bojan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Dragan Živadinov creates conceptual total works of art that are procedural and processual in nature. At the centre of interest of his art is the spectator, or the gaze, since the essence of this theatre is produced by a constant turning of the perspective. The project(ile) Noordung 1995-2045 has been conceived as a 50-year project to show the instability of the relation between body and technology. It stages itself and thus repeats the drama of the cosmos. A theatre of repetition that again finds the primary (ritual) sense of theatre.
Acts of Recognition: The Political Dimension of Terminology
Authors: Aquilina Stefan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article uses theories on the Politics of Recognition to attach a political dimension to terminology. More than a practice that facilitates communication in rehearsal or studio situations, terminology is a tool that aids in the recognition of one’s work and identity. Two case studies frame the discussion, namely, certain scholarly material written about theatre in Africa and the laboratorial practice developed by Frank Camilleri, a practitioner-academic whose work has featured in recent publications. (These choices are framed around the theories on recurrent practices as developed by Michel De Certeau.) Two terminological approaches are delineated, namely, the appropriation of terms and the formulation of alternative nomenclatures. The relevance of terminology to contemporary discourses on hybridity, creation of lineages and academic accreditation is also evaluated.
Mediating Performance (and) Curatorship
Authors: Šentevska Irena 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Prague Quadrennial (PQ), the world’s largest exhibition of stage (performance) design, was held for the 13th time from 17-28 June 2015. This article outlines the historical development of PQ, from its “conceptual” beginnings in the 1930s and real beginnings in socialist Czechoslovakia, to the present day. Our focus is the variety of curatorial practices at PQ 2015 that perform the delicate process of “translation” of live performances into static exhibits and “mediation” between the stage (performing space) and the gallery (exhibition space), taking into account the transformations of the “art world” that is increasingly bringing those spaces together.
Ecopharmacognosy: Exploring The Chemical And Biological Potential Of Nature For Human Health
Authors: Cordell Geoffrey A. 
Published: October 2016

“Why didn’t they develop natural product drugs in a sustainable manner at the beginning of this century?” In 2035, when about 10.0 billion will inhabit Earth, will this be our legacy as the world contemplates the costs and availability of synthetic and gene-based products for primary health care? Acknowledging the recent history of the relationship between humankind and the Earth, it is essential that the health care issues being left for our descendants be considered in terms of resources. For most people in the world, there are two vast health care “gaps”, access to quality drugs and the development of drugs for major global and local diseases. Consequently for all of these people, plants, in their various forms, remain a primary source of health care. In the developed countries, natural products derived from plants assume a relatively minor role in health care, as prescription and over-the-counter products, even with the widespread use of phytotherapeutical preparations. Significantly, pharmaceutical companies have retrenched substantially in their disease areas of focus. These research areas do not include the prevalent diseases of the middle- and lower-income countries, and important diseases of the developed world, such as drug resistance. What then is the vision for natural product research to maintain the choices of drug discovery and pharmaceutical development for future generations? In this discussion some facets of how natural products must be involved globally, in a sustainable manner, for improving health care will be examined within the framework of the new term “ecopharmacognosy”, which invokes sustainability as the basis for research on biologically active natural products. Access to the biome, the acquisition, analysis and dissemination of plant knowledge, natural product structure diversification, biotechnology development, strategies for natural product drug discovery, and aspects of multitarget therapy and synergy research will be discussed. Options for the future will be presented which may be significant as countries decide how to develop approaches to relieve their own disease burden, and the needs of their population for improved access to medicinal agents.
Fünf Jahre Kulturgutdigitalisierung an der Badischen Landesbibliothek – eine Zwischenbilanz
Authors: Syré Ludger 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ende 2015 konnte die Badische Landesbibliothek in Karlsruhe auf fünf Jahre Kulturgutdigitalisierung zurückblicken. Mit einem Scanner und einem Buchtisch sowie dem Digitalisierungssystem Visual Library gestartet, konnte die hauseigene Werkstatt in der Folgezeit ihre Erstausstattung um weitere Scantechnik und zusätzliche Softwaremodule aufrüsten. Mit Hilfe von Drittmittel-finanzierten Projekten gelang es, die Digitalisierungsstrategie des Hauses, die auf mittelalterliche Handschriften, Musikalien und regionales Schrifttum gerichtet ist, erfolgreich umzusetzen. Der Aufsatz benennt die Inhalte der wichtigsten Digitalisierungsprojekte, die zwischen 2011 und 2015 durchgeführt wurden.
Comparison of Subcritical and Supercritical Flow Patterns Within Triangular Channels Along the Side Weir
Authors: Azimi Hamed , Shabanlou Saeid 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Side weirs with triangular channel are used as flow controlling devices in draining and irrigation networks. By installing a side weir on the main conduits side walls, the runoff overflows from the weir and are conducted toward the diversion channel. In this study, changing of the flow free surface and the turbulence of the flow field in triangular channels with side weir are numerically simulated using volume of fluid (VOF) scheme and RNG k–ε turbulence model. In the present paper, the pattern of the spatially varied flow with decreasing discharge in both subcritical and supercritical flow regimes for triangular channels with side weirs was simulated. The present numerical model has precisely predicted the changes of the water surface and the specific energy. In subcritical regime, the flow depth is from the beginning of the weir toward its end is followed by an increase and in supercritical conditions is followed by a reduction in depth. For both subcritical and supercritical regimes, a drop in the surface in the first third of the weir’s opening and a surface jump in the final third of its length has occurred. Along the mentioned surface jump the amount of the kinetic energy increases and the potential energy reduces. According to results of the simulation, the maximum longitudinal velocity for subcritical flow regime occurs in the first third of the length of the side weir and for supercritical flow regime, almost in the middle of the weir opening happens. In both subcritical and supercritical regimes, the maximum transverse velocity has occurred in the final third of the length of the side weir.
Technological aspects of vegetable oils epoxidation in the presence of ion exchange resins: a review
Authors: Milchert Eugeniusz , Malarczyk-Matusiak Kornelia , Musik Marlena 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A review paper of the technology basics of vegetable oils epoxidation by means of peracetic or performic acid in the presence of acidic ion exchange resins has been presented. The influence of the following parameters: temperature, molar ratio of acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide to ethylenic unsaturation, catalyst loading, stirring intensity and the reaction time on a conversion of ethylenic unsaturation, the relative percentage conversion to oxirane and the iodine number was discussed. Optimal technological parameters, mechanism of epoxidation by carboxylic peracids and the possibilities of catalyst recycling have been also discussed. This review paper shows the application of epoxidized oils.
Economic Transformation in Slovenia: From a Model Example to the Default Edge
Authors: Žídek Libor 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The Slovenian economy appeared on the brink of bankruptcy at the end of 2013. The situation was caused by high level of classified debts in state-owned banks. This can be seen as surprising because Slovenia used to be (for a long time) considered as a (textbook) example of the gradualist transformation approach. The goal of this article is first to describe the transformation process in the country and consequently to determine causes of the economic problems that resulted in the 2013 crisis. The article concludes that the economic problems were rooted already in the specific functioning of the centrally planned system in Yugoslavia. These specifics had a direct influence on the transformation process in the country and stood behind the application of gradualism. Among the most telling features of gradualism were slow privatization, cold attitude towards foreign investment and the foremost lasting casual economic environment caused by behaviour of the state-owned banks. My conclusion is that the country’s economic problems can be ascribed to gradualism and that they are a clear example of the path dependence development.
The Long-Run Superneutrality of Money Revised: the Extended European Evidence
Authors: Deev Oleg , Hodula Martin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article investigates the validity of the money superneutrality concept for the large panel of European economies. While focusing exclusively on endogenous growth theories including the Mundell-Tobin effect, we examine the long-run response of real output to a permanent inflation shock in every studied country using a structural vector autoregressive framework. For the majority of countries in our sample, the longrun superneutrality concept is confirmed since the original increase/decrease in output growth fades in time. We also test the additional hypothesis of whether the group of countries with smaller in-sample inflation mean forms the exception to the long-run money superneutrality. As the result, modern economies might be better described from the viewpoint of Sidrauski.
Quadratic forms of refined skew normal models based on stochastic representation
Authors: Tian Weizhong , Wang Tonghui 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Wang, Li and Gupta [17] first introduced the skew chi-square distribution based on the multivariate skew normal distribution provided by Azzalini [2], and Ye, Wang and Gupta [18] extended this results into the skew Wishart distribution. Motivated by these results, we first study a new type of multivariate skew normal distribution introduced by Gupta and Chen [12], the moment generating function, independence and quadratic form are discussed, and also a new type of skew chi-square distribution was introduced. Later on, we defined a new type of skew Wishart distribution based on the matrix skew normal models introduced by Ning [15]. In the end, we will study the probabilistic representation of multivariate skew elliptical models.
Multiskalige Oberflächeninspektion mit Wavelets und Deflektometrie
Authors: Greiner Thomas , Le Tan-Toan , Ziebarth Mathias , Heizmann Michael 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
Für die Inspektion von spiegelnden Oberflächen ist die Deflektometrie eine der bekanntesten Methoden. Eine automatische
Defektdetektion, Klassifikation und Bewertung der Daten von deflektometrischen Messungen gibt es allerdings noch nicht. In
diesem Artikel werden neue Methoden basierend auf der Wavelet-Analyse vorgestellt, die in der Lage sind, Fehler in
unterschiedlichen Skalen zu erkennen. Um die Erkennungsrate zu erhöhen, werden die Filterbänke in Hinsicht auf
Eigenschaften gegebener Defektklassen sowie an dominante Merkmalsausdehnungen optimiert. Die Verfahren wurden mit realen
Messdaten evaluiert, bei denen verschiedene Defektklassen auftraten.
The European Union and Conflict Prevention. What Europeanization?
Authors: Baracani Elena 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article presents the main empirical findings of the analysis of the European Union’s activity for conflict prevention in three case studies – Cyprus, Kosovo and Palestine. After having clarified the meaning of conflict ‘resolution’, ‘prevention’ and ‘Europeanization’, it is proposed a classification of the main foreign policy tools at the disposal of the Union to intervene before the escalation of the conflicts, during and after it. Then, the article focuses on the empirical findings of the Europeanization of the conflicts in the case studies, and therefore not only on the instruments used and on the norms promoted, but also on the mechanisms and the conditions that have enabled or not the Union to exert its leverage.
Familialistische vs. individualistische Partnerwahl. Eine Untersuchung der Partnerschaftsqualität bei türkischstämmigen Personen.
Authors: Abdul-Rida Chadi 
Published: October 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der Beitrag vergleicht die Partnerschaftsqualität von Personen, deren Familie an der Partnerwahl beteiligt war (familialistischer Modus), mit Personen, die ihre Partnerwahl allein entschieden haben (individualistischer Modus). Es werden Türkischstämmige in Berlin (n=218) untersucht. Die Befragung fand 2009 als Begleitstudie des deutschen Familien- und Beziehungspanels pairfam statt. Als Methode werden Strukturgleichungsmodelle eingesetzt, um vermittelte Effekte zwischen dem Partnerwahlmodus und der Partnerschaftsqualität testen zu können. Die Befunde zeigen ein ähnlich hohes Niveau der globalen Partnerschaftsqualität in beiden Partnerwahlmodi, weisen jedoch auf unterschiedliche Wirkpfade hin. Personen mit einer familialistischen Partnerwahl haben Zugang zu mehr familiären Ressourcen. Personen mit einer individualistischen Partnerwahl haben eine höhere Paarinteraktionsqualität. Familiäre Ressourcen und Paarinteraktionsqualität wirken sich positiv auf die Partnerschaftsqualität aus, so dass sich die darüber vermittelten Effekte beider Partnerwahlmodi gegenseitig ausgleichen.
Theoretical Description of Pulsed RYDMR: Refocusing Zero-Quantum and Single Quantum Coherences
Authors: Nasibulov Egor A. , Behrends Jan , Kulik Leonid V. , Ivanov Konstantin L. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A theoretical description of pulsed reaction yield detected magnetic resonance (RYDMR) is proposed. In RYDMR, magnetic resonance spectra of radical pairs (RPs) are indirectly detected by monitoring their recombination yield. Such a detection method is significantly more sensitive than conventional electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), but design of appropriate pulse sequences for RYDMR requires additional effort because of a different observable. In this work various schemes for generating spin-echo like signals and detecting them by RYDMR are treated. Specifically, we consider refocusing of zero-quantum coherences (ZQCs) and single-quantum coherences (SQCs) by selective as well as by non-selective pulses and formulate a general analytical approach to pulsed RYDMR, which makes an efficient use of the product operator formalism. We anticipate that these results are of importance for RYDMR studies of elusive paramagnetic particles, notably, in organic semiconductors.