bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐Reformation Priesthood in England: Taking the Past into the Future
Authors: Champ Judith 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper explores ways in which the identity of the secular priesthood in England and Wales has been shaped by its particular historical experience. Five themes are proposed: the creation of the concept of mission in the post‐Reformation world; the combination of isolation and independence that became characteristic of recusant priests; the emergence of new ways of relating to church structures that priests were forced to find; the distinctive fraternal identity that was nurtured in a variety of ways throughout the penal times and the period of the Catholic Revival; the revolutions in relationships with the laity. These themes are pursued through the nineteenth‐ and twentieth‐centuries when the meaning and experience of them changed as the emphasis shifted to buildings and organisations. The twentieth century experience of priesthood in a parish context created possibilities for expansion, which masked issues and problems already rising to the surface. Both the challenges and the opportunities of the recusant way of life became stifled. A fixed model of the church made change difficult to contemplate. The loss of an historically shaped sense of priestly identity is explored as part of the explanation for the contemporary loss of confidence and direction within a shrinking presbyterate.
The Eclipse of Sacramental Realism in the Age of Reform: Re‐thinking Luther's Gutenberg Galaxy in a Post‐Digital Age
Authors: Hoff Johannes 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the last 500 years our modern world has oscillated between the belief in “disenchanted” strategies of bureaucratic control and surveillance, and the celebration of iconoclastic ruptures that are supposed to preserve our sense of freedom and dignity. Yet, the equilibrium between these poles has fallen out of balance after the turn of the millennium. While the obsession with control has released concerted efforts to replace our supposedly irrational intelligence by the “artificial intelligence” of digital technologies, the implementation of ICT technologies in our everyday life has undermined the iconoclastic conviction that artefacts are merely tools. Our smartphones have a “magic life” of their own – be it that they afford a life that we appreciate, or that they nudge us into a life that we abhor. This challenge requires us to recover our ability to distinguish between idolatrous attachments and the prudent use of “magic objects” that is consistent with our natural desire to transform our life for the better. The following essay will discuss the question to what extent the basic assumptions of the confessionalized religions of the post‐Reformation era distract us from the task of engaging with this challenge. Moreover it will question the modern inclination to replace the engagement with sacramental objects with an engagement with pious “master signifiers”: authoritative substitutes for the “body of Christ”, like the Eucharistic host, the Bible or secular party books that reduce the attachment to religious traditions to a matter of formal belief and submission to an authoritative system of clerical, bureaucratic, or (today) robotic surveillance.
Diminished gastric prokinetic response to ghrelin in a rat model of spinal cord injury
Authors: Besecker E. M. , White A. R. , Holmes G. M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPatients with cervical or high‐thoracic spinal cord injury (SCI) often present reduced gastric emptying and early satiety. Ghrelin provokes motility via gastric vagal neurocircuitry and ghrelin receptor agonists offer a therapeutic option for gastroparesis. We have previously shown that experimental high‐thoracic injury (T3‐SCI) diminishes sensitivity to another gastrointestinal peptide, cholecystokinin. This study tests the hypothesis that T3‐SCIimpairs the vagally mediated response to ghrelin.MethodsWe investigated ghrelin sensitivity in control and T3‐SCIrats at 3‐days or 3‐weeks after injury utilizing: (i) acute (3‐day post‐injury) fasting and post‐prandial serum levels of ghrelin; (ii) in vivo gastric reflex recording following intravenous or central brainstem ghrelin; and (iii) in vitro whole cell recording of neurons within the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV).Key ResultsThe 2‐day food intake of T3‐SCIrats was reduced while fasting serum ghrelin levels were higher than in controls. Intravenous and fourth ventricle ghrelin increased in vivo gastric motility in fasted 3‐day control rats but not fasted T3‐SCIrats. In vitro recording ofDMVneurons from 3‐day T3‐SCIrats were insensitive to exogenous ghrelin. For each measure, vagal responses returned after 3‐weeks.Conclusions and InferencesHypophagia accompanying T3‐SCIproduces a significant and physiologically appropriate elevation in serum ghrelin levels. However, higher ghrelin levels did not translate into increased gastric motility in the acute stage of T3‐SCI. We propose that this may reflect diminished sensitivity of peripheral vagal afferents to ghrelin or a reduction in the responsiveness of medullary gastric vagal neurocircuitry following T3‐SCI.
Simultaneous adaptation and maladaptation of tree populations to local rhizosphere microbial communities at different taxonomic scales
Authors: Lankau Richard A. , Keymer Daniel P. 
Published: December 2017

Summary

Plant populations are often adapted to their local conditions, but the specific selective forces creating this adaptation are often unclear. All plants interact with diverse microbial communities, but we know little about how these microbial communities as a whole shape the evolutionary trajectory of plant populations.

We tested whether tree populations were adapted or maladapted to their local rhizosphere microbial communities by growing seedlings sourced from multiple locations with soil microbial communities from all locations in a fully reciprocal design, using seedling growth as a proxy for fitness. In addition, we compared the microbial composition of the experimental inocula with that of the communities we detected associating with naturally occurring trees at the seedling source populations.

We found that seedlings grew similarly when inoculated with local vs foreign microbial communities, but this neutral response derived from conflicting patterns – plant populations appeared to be adapted to the presence or absence of whole taxonomic groups in their local microbial community, but were simultaneously maladapted to the particular microbial populations present in their local site.

As rapid climate change and other factors push tree populations into new areas, the successful establishment of seedlings may depend critically on the balance between the novelty and familiarity of the microbial communities they encounter.
Comparative plastome genomics and phylogenomics of Brachypodium: flowering time signatures, introgression and recombination in recently diverged ecotypes
Authors: Sancho Rubén , Cantalapiedra Carlos P. , López‐Alvarez Diana , Gordon Sean P. , Vogel John P. , Catalán Pilar , Contreras‐Moreira Bruno 
Published: December 2017

Summary

Few pan‐genomic studies have been conducted in plants, and none of them have focused on the intraspecific diversity and evolution of their plastid genomes.

We address this issue in Brachypodium distachyon and its close relatives B. stacei and B. hybridum, for which a large genomic data set has been compiled. We analyze inter‐ and intraspecific plastid comparative genomics and phylogenomic relationships within a family‐wide framework.

Major indel differences were detected between Brachypodium plastomes. Within B. distachyon, we detected two main lineages, a mostly Extremely Delayed Flowering (EDF+) clade and a mostly Spanish (S+) – Turkish (T+) clade, plus nine chloroplast capture and two plastid DNA (ptDNA) introgression and micro‐recombination events. Early Oligocene (30.9 million yr ago (Ma)) and Late Miocene (10.1 Ma) divergence times were inferred for the respective stem and crown nodes of Brachypodium and a very recent Mid‐Pleistocene (0.9 Ma) time for the B. distachyon split.

Flowering time variation is a main factor driving rapid intraspecific divergence in B. distachyon, although it is counterbalanced by repeated introgression between previously isolated lineages. Swapping of plastomes between the three different genomic groups, EDF+, T+, S+, probably resulted from random backcrossing followed by stabilization through selection pressure.
Sustaining global agriculture through rapid detection and deployment of genetic resistance to deadly crop diseases
Authors: Periyannan Sambasivam 
Published: December 2017

Contents

Summary
45

I.
Introduction
45

II.
Targeted chromosome‐based cloning via long‐range assembly (TACCA)
46

III.
Resistance gene cloning through mutational mapping (MutMap)
47

IV.
Cloning through mutant chromosome sequencing (MutChromSeq)
47

V.
Rapid cloning through resistance gene enrichment and sequencing (RenSeq)
49

VI.
Cloning resistance genes through transcriptome profiling (RNAseq)
49

VII.
Resistance gene deployment strategies
49

VIII.
Conclusions
50

Acknowledgements
50

References
50

SummaryGenetically encoded resistance is a major component of crop disease management. Historically, gene loci conferring resistance to pathogens have been identified through classical genetic methods. In recent years, accelerated gene cloning strategies have become available through advances in sequencing, gene capture and strategies for reducing genome complexity. Here, I describe these approaches with key emphasis on the isolation of resistance genes to the cereal crop diseases that are an ongoing threat to global food security. Rapid gene isolation enables their efficient deployment through marker‐assisted selection and transgenic technology. Together with innovations in genome editing and progress in pathogen virulence studies, this creates further opportunities to engineer long‐lasting resistance. These approaches will speed progress towards a future of farming using fewer pesticides.
Coexistence via coevolution driven by reduced allelochemical effects and increased tolerance to competition between invasive and native plants
Authors: Huang Fangfang , Lankau Richard , Peng Shaolin 
Published: December 2017

Summary

Coevolution can promote long‐term coexistence of two competing species if selection acts to reduce the fitness inequality between competitors and/or strengthen negative frequency dependence within each population. However, clear coevolution between plant competitors has been rarely documented.

Plant invasions offer opportunities to capture the process of coevolution. Here we investigated how the developing relationship between an invasive forb, Alliaria petiolata, and a native competitor, Pilea pumila, may affect their long‐term coexistence, by testing the competitive effects of populations of varying lengths of co‐occurrence on each other across a chronosequence of invasion history.

Alliaria petiolata and P. pumila tended to develop greater tolerance to competition over invasion history. Their coexistence was promoted more by increases in stabilizing relative to equalizing processes. These changes likely stem in part from reductions in allelopathic traits in the invader and evolution of tolerance in the native.

These results suggested that some native species can evolve tolerance against the competitive effects of strong invaders, which likely promoted their persistence in invaded communities. However, the potential for coevolutionary rescue of competing populations is likely to vary across native species, and evolutionary processes should not be expected to compensate for the ecological consequences of exotic invasions.
Prospective analysis of serious cardiorespiratory events in children during ophthalmic artery chemotherapy for retinoblastoma under a deep standardized anesthesia
Authors: Nghe Marie‐Claire , Godier Anne , Shaffii Anoushée , Leblanc Isabelle , Picard Hervé , Blanc Raphaël , Lumbroso‐Le Rouic Livia , Devys Jean‐Michel 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackground and ObjectiveSerious adverse cardiorespiratory events complicate super selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy for retinoblastoma in anesthetized children. Their mechanism remains unclear but may be attributed to an autonomic nervous reflex induced by the catheter close to the ophthalmic artery. Inadequate depth of anesthesia during catheter stimulation might be an aggravating factor. Thus, we tested whether deep general anesthesia reduced the incidence of serious cardiorespiratory events.MethodsChildren were prospectively included in this observational study. Standardized deep general anesthesia with sevoflurane, rocuronium, and sufentanil was administered. Sevoflurane MAC was kept between 1.5 and 1.7 and additional sufentanil administered. Serious cardiorespiratory event criteria were predefined and included arterial hypotension, bradycardia, and severe decrease in lung compliance. They were recorded and the factors influencing their occurrence were investigated.ResultsOne hundred fifteen procedures were performed on 32 children. The median MAC of sevoflurane was 1.5 and median BIS value was 44. Serious cardiorespiratory events occurred in 20% of procedures and were mainly severe decrease in lung compliance (83% of events). All of them required active treatment. One procedure was aborted due to cardiorespiratory compromise and required an epinephrine infusion. All severe decreases in lung compliance occurred within 2 minutes after catheter insertion in the ophthalmic artery. No recorded demographic and endovascular characteristics were associated with serious cardiorespiratory events.ConclusionSerious cardiorespiratory events occur commonly during super selective ophthalmic artery chemotherapy. Standardized deep anesthesia with analgesia did not appear to be protective. No predictive factors were identified, but these events systematically arose within 2 minutes after ophthalmic artery catheter insertion. Anesthetists and neuroradiologists should be prepared to manage these serious complications and parents should be informed of the risks.
Ultrasound‐guided lower forearm median nerve block in open surgery for trigger thumb in 1‐ to 3‐year‐old children: A randomized trial
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Jianxia , Tan Xingqin , Wang Shouyong 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackground and AimTrigger thumb is a common hand disability in children and is primarily treated with open surgery. A conscious median nerve block can usually meet the requirements for trigger thumb‐releasing surgery in adults; however, its effectiveness in children requires further clarification. The present study aims to demonstrate whether ultrasound‐guided lower forearm median nerve blockade is a viable option for children undergoing open surgery for trigger thumb.MethodsA prospective randomized study was designed to compare median nerve blocks guided by ultrasonography with those guided by anatomic landmarks. Following induction of general anesthesia, the children received a median nerve block performed either by ultrasound‐guided block of the lower forearm (group U) or landmark‐based blocking at the proximal wrist crease level (group T) with a 0.2% ropivacaine injection. The success rates were compared between groups as the primary endpoint; additional sufentanil and propofol administration, anesthesia recovery time, and other secondary endpoints were also compared.ResultsA total of 100 children (age 1‐3 years) with ASA status I who were scheduled for open surgery for trigger thumb were included in this study (n = 50 per group). Thirty‐seven children in group T and 50 children in group U underwent successful blocks. The rate of unsuccessful blockade was significantly lower in group U than group T (0% and 26%, respectively), and rate of additional sufentanil and propofol administration was also lower in group U than in group T.ConclusionUltrasound‐guided lower forearm median nerve block can provide more effective analgesia, a higher success rate, and lower general and local anesthetic dosages than the anatomic landmark‐based blocking method in children undergoing open surgery for trigger thumb.
Successful treatment of facial milia in an infant with orofaciodigital syndrome type 1
Authors: Hinen Hallie B. , Gathings Robert M. , Shuler Marshall , Wine Lee Lara 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe report the successful treatment of multiple facial milia with manual extraction and tretinoin in a child with orofaciodigital syndrome type 1. Treatment with topical medications may be insufficient in individuals with orofaciodigital syndrome type 1, and pitted scarring is often a sequala. This case demonstrates that manual extraction is well tolerated and effective in the treatment of multiple milia. In addition, clinicians need to be aware of this rare genetic condition, which commonly presents de novo and can lead to significant morbidity if untreated.
Presepsin as a predictor of positive blood culture in suspected neonatal sepsis
Authors: Miyosawa Yukihide , Akazawa Yohei , Kamiya Motoko , Nakamura Chizuko , Takeuchi Yusuke , Kusakari Mai , Nakamura Tomohiko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the incidence of neonatal sepsis is decreasing, neonatal sepsis remains a severe life‐threatening disease. No current biochemical marker can provide perfect diagnostic accuracy for neonatal sepsis. The aim of this study was therefore to evaluate the accuracy of presepsin (P‐SEP) as a novel biomarker of bacterial infection for neonatal sepsis diagnosis.MethodsWe prospectively studied newborns with sepsis (sepsis group; n = 13) during the first 30 days after birth and compared them with control preterm newborns (control group; n = 18). In addition, we evaluated term newborns with some clinical signs of early onset sepsis (non‐sepsis term group; n = 35).ResultsP‐SEP in the sepsis group was significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.001) The area under the curve for P‐SEP was 0.868 (95%CI: 0.71–1.00). A P‐SEP cut‐off of 795 pg/mL was established, with 85% sensitivity and 89% specificity. The positive and negative predictive values were 85% and 89%, respectively. In the non‐sepsis term group, P‐SEP had better stability than white blood cells and C‐reactive protein for 3 days after birth.ConclusionsP‐SEP can better discriminate between infections and non‐infectious inflammatory conditions than the currently used biomarkers.
Critical caring theory and public health nursing advocacy for comprehensive sexual health education
Authors: Dickson Elizabeth , Lobo Marie L. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPublic health nurses (PHNs) often work with adolescent populations at risk for unplanned pregnancies who do not have access to comprehensive sexual health education (CSHE). Evidence‐based CSHE can have a significant protective effect on adolescent sexual behaviors. This article applies critical caring theory to public health nursing advocacy for CSHE. Critical caring theory defines the social justice work of PHNs as an expression of their caring as nurses. The lack of CSHE in schools for adolescents is a social justice issue, and PHNs can be important advocates. The purpose of this article is to explore how critical caring theory can inform public health nursing practice regarding the importance of CSHE advocacy with the goal of creating equitable access to CSHE for all adolescents.
Deep insemination with sex‐sorted Cashmere goat sperm processed in the presence of antioxidants
Authors: Qin Y , Yang S , Xu J , Xia C , Li X , An L , Tian J 
Published: December 2017

ContentsFlow cytometrically sex‐sorted sperm have been widely used for improving reproductive management in the dairy industry. However, the industrial application of this technology in other domestic species is largely limited by the lower fertility after insemination. The aim of this study was to investigate effects of antioxidant supplementation during the sex‐sorting and freezing process on the quality and functions of sorted sperm from Liaoning Cashmere goats. We tested the effects of antioxidant supplementation during sex‐sorting and freezing process, including ascorbic acid‐2‐glucosideAA‐2G, glutathione, melatonin and vitamin C (VC), on the quality and functions of sex‐sorted fresh and frozen‐thawed sperm. Based on these experiments, we performed deep insemination with sex‐sorted sperm using our improved strategy, in comparison to unsorted sperm. In Experiment 1, compared with control group and other antioxidants,AA‐2G supplementation significantly alleviated the degradation of motility and viability of fresh sperm after sorting and showed the highest percentage of sperm with normal morphology. In addition,AA‐2G supplementation showed an evident protection against the sorting process‐induced membrane and acrosome damage. In Experiment 2,AA‐2G supplementation was most effective in protecting motility, while melatonin supplementation appears to facilitate the degradation of quality of frozen‐thawed sex‐sorted sperm. In Experiment 3, we performed deep insemination with sperm that were sorted and frozen in the presence ofAA‐2G and obtained a satisfying pregnancy rate comparable to that from unsorted sperm. The results showed thatAA‐2G supplementation efficiently protects quality and function of both fresh and frozen‐thawed sex‐sorted sperm of Cashmere goats, thus obtaining a satisfying pregnancy outcome.
Melatonin reduces apoptotic cells, SOD2 and HSPB1 and improves the in vitro production and quality of bovine blastocysts
Authors: Marques TC , da Silva Santos EC , Diesel TO , Leme LO , Martins CF , Dode MAN , Alves BG , Costa FPH , de Oliveira EB , Gambarini ML 
Published: December 2017

ContentsEffects of adding different concentrations of melatonin (10−7, 10−9 and 10−11 M) to maturation (Experiment 1; Control, IVM + 10−7, IVM + 10−9, IVM + 10−11) and culture media (Experiment 2; Control, IVC + 10−7, IVC + 10−9, IVC + 10−11) were evaluated on in vitro bovine embryonic development. The optimal concentration of melatonin (10−9 M) from Experiments 1–2 was tested in both maturation and/or culture media of Experiment 3 (Control, IVM + 10−9, IVC + 10−9, IVM/IVC + 10−9). In Experiment 1, maturated oocytes from Control and IVM + 10−9 treatments showed increased glutathione content, mitochondrial membrane potential and percentage of Grade I blastocysts (40.6% and 43%, respectively). In Experiment 2, an increase in the percentage of Grade I blastocysts was detected in IVC + 10−7 (43.5%; 56.7%) and IVC + 10−9 (47.4%; 57.4%). Moreover, a lower number and percentage of apoptotic cells in blastocysts were observed in the IVC + 10−9 group compared to Control (3.8 ± 0.6; 3.6% versus 6.1 ± 0.6; 5.3%). In Experiment 3, the IVC + 10−9 treatment increased percentage of Grade I blastocysts with a lower number of apoptotic cells compared to IVM/IVC + 10−9 group (52.6%; 3.0 ± 0.5 versus 46.0%; 5.4 ± 1.0). The IVC + 10−9 treatment also had a higher mRNA expression of antioxidant gene (SOD2) compared to the Control, as well as the heat shock protein (HSPB1) compared to the IVM + 10−9. Reactive oxygen species production was greater in the IVM/IVC + 10−9 treatment group. In conclusion, the 10−9 M concentration of melatonin and the in vitro production phase in which it is used directly affected embryonic development and quality.