bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micropropagation of Leuce-poplars and evaluation of their development under sandy site conditions in Hungary
Authors: Keserű Zsolt , Balla Ildikó , Antal Borbála , Rédei Károly 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLeuce-poplars are a native stand-forming tree species throughout Hungary. Several species or selections of them are used as ornamental plants in parks or to line streets and highways. They cover approximately 4.0 per cent of the total forested area in Hungary (70000 ha). The white (grey) poplar belongs to the Leuce poplars and plays a significant role in sand fixation, regional forestation, and nature conservation. The National Agricultural Research and Innovation Centre, Forest Research Institute or NARIC-FRI (formerly known as the Forest Research Institute) is involved in long-term breeding work for the selection of fast-growing white poplar trees under dry conditions. In vitro multiplication of trees is applied mainly to fruit growing trees in Hungary; in forestry research it is used primarily for selective breeding. This paper presents a short overview of the most important issues concerning the biotechnology of different Populus species, the related research on micropropagation trials, and the results of field investigations of micropropagated Leuce-poplar clone experiments.
Stability of generalized quadratic functional equation on a set of measure zero
Authors: Aribou Youssef , Dimou Hajira , Chahbi Abdellatif , Kabbaj Samir 
Published: January 2016

Abstract In this paper we prove the Hyers-Ulam stability of the following K-quadratic functional equationwhere E is a real (or complex) vector space. This result was used to demonstrate the Hyers-Ulam stability on a set of Lebesgue measure zero for the same functional equation.
Electric Properties of NaTaO3 Obtained by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Malaescu Dan , Grozescu Ioan , Sfirloaga Paula , Vlazan Paulina , Marin Catalin N. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Two samples of NaTaO3 perovskite materials were prepared by the standard hydrothermal method at the same reaction temperature (600 °C) but with different sintering times: 6 hours for sample S1 and 12 hours for sample S2.
Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), it shows that samples S1 and S2 are mixtures of Na-Ta oxides (Ta2O5 and the prevailing phase NaTaO3). The scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), shows that the grains are connected each other in agglomerated clusters of size about few hundred nanometers.
The frequency (f) dependencies of complex impedance, Z(f) = Z’(f) - i Z’’(f) of the samples, over the frequency range 20 Hz - 2 MHz, at room temperature are presented. The real component Z’ of the complex impedance decreases with increasing frequency and the imaginary component Z’’ has two maximum corresponding to two relaxation processes.
The results obtained from the complex impedance spectroscopy, Z’’(Z’) showed the appearance of two semicircles, corresponding to grain and grain boundary mechanism. Experimental results have been fitted with two parallel RC equivalent circuits connected in series and the parameters R and C have been evaluated.
EU Enlargement, Parallel Trade and Price Competition in Pharmaceuticals: Has the Price Competition increased?
Authors: Granlund David , Köksal-Ayhan Miyase Yesim 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Given the cost of trade and availability of pharmaceuticals, the driving force for parallel trade is the price difference between the source (exporting) and the destination (importing) country. An increase in the price difference or in the availability of pharmaceuticals for parallel trade should increase price competition in the destination country. Using 2003–2007 data from Sweden we investigated whether EU enlargement in 2004, when new countries with low pharmaceutical prices joined the EU, increased competition from parallel imports. Drugs facing competition from parallel imports are found to have on average 19–22% lower prices than they would have had if they had never faced such competition. The EU enlargement is, however, not found to have increased this effect, which might be explained by derogations and changes in consumer perceptions of parallel imports.
Different pattern of haemagglutinin immunoreactivity of equine influenza virus strains isolated in Poland
Authors: Kwaśnik Małgorzata , Góra Ilona Marcelina , Rożek Wojciech 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The immunoreactivity of haemagglutinin (HA) polypeptides of equine influenza virus was compared among the strains isolated in Poland, using H3 monoclonal antibody. A stronger signal in immunoblot reaction was observed for A/equi/Pulawy/2008 HA polypeptides compared to A/equi/Pulawy/2006, despite the fact that both strains are phylogenetically closely related and belong to Florida clade 2 of American lineage. The strongest signal, observed in the case of A/equi/Pulawy/2008, seemed to be connected with the presence of G135, I213, E379, and/or V530 instead of R135, M213, G379, and I530 present in A/equi/Pulawy/2006 HA sequence. This implies that point mutations within amino acid sequences of HA polypeptides of equine influenza virus may change their immunoreactivity even when they are not located within five basic antigenic sites.
Dioxins, furans, and polychlorinated biphenyls in hen eggs – a new source of hazard for consumers?
Authors: Piskorska-Pliszczyńska Jadwiga , Struciński Paweł , Mikołajczyk Szczepan , Maszewski Sebastian , Rachubik Jarosław , Warenik-Bany Małgorzata 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The paper presents the results of testing eggs for the content of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), determination of the sources that caused the presence of high concentrations of these compounds which exceeded the acceptable contamination levels, and assessment of consumer health risk caused by the consumption of eggs with excessive contents of investigated compounds. In about 9% of free range eggs and 17% of organic eggs, the content of PCDD/Fs was two- or threefold higher than the acceptable limits, and in some samples the concentration of investigated compounds exceeded the maximum concentration levels. Based on the profile of the compounds, it was confirmed in several cases that their main source was the soil or unsecured refuse. The consumers of eggs and meat produced under these conditions constitute the risk groups, and their dioxin and PCB intake may exceed toxicological reference values.
Gestation specific reference intervals for thyroid function tests in pregnancy
Authors: Akarsu Süleyman , Akbiyik Filiz , Karaismailoglu Eda , Dikmen Zeliha Gunnur 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThyroid function tests are frequently assessed during pregnancy to evaluate thyroid dysfunction or to monitor pre-existing thyroid disease. However, using non-pregnant reference intervals can lead to misclassification. International guidelines recommended that institutions should calculate their own pregnancy-specific reference intervals for free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The objective of this study is to establish gestation-specific reference intervals (GRIs) for thyroid function tests in pregnant Turkish women and to compare these with the age-matched non-pregnant women.Serum samples were collected from 220 non-pregnant women (age: 18–48), and 2460 pregnant women (age: 18–45) with 945 (39%) in the first trimester, 1120 (45%) in the second trimester, and 395 (16%) in the third trimester. TSH, FT4 and FT3 were measured using the Abbott Architect i2000SR analyzer.GRIs of TSH, FT4 and FT3 for first trimester pregnancies were 0.49–2.33 mIU/L, 10.30–18.11 pmol/L and 3.80–5.81 pmol/L, respectively. GRIs for second trimester pregnancies were 0.51–3.44 mIU/L, 10.30–18.15 pmol/L and 3.69–5.90 pmol/L. GRIs for third trimester pregnancies were 0.58–4.31 mIU/L, 10.30–17.89 pmol/L and 3.67–5.81 pmol/L. GRIs for TSH, FT4 and FT3 were different from non-pregnant normal reference intervals.TSH levels showed an increasing trend from the first trimester to the third trimester, whereas both FT4 and FT3 levels were uniform throughout gestation. GRIs may help in the diagnosis and appropriate management of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy which will prevent both maternal and fetal complications.
Using the hazard ratio to evaluate allowable total error in predictive measurands
Authors: Åsberg Arne , Odsæter Ingrid Hov , Mikkelsen Gustav , Hov Gunhild Garmo 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAllowable total error is usually derived from data on biological variation or from state-of-the-art of measuring technology. Here we present a new principle for evaluating allowable total error when the concentration of the analyte (the measurand) is used for prediction: What are the predictive consequences of allowable total errors in terms of errors in the estimate of the hazard ratio (HR)?We explored the effect of analytical measurement errors on Cox regression estimates of HR. Published data on Cox regression coefficients were used to illustrate the effect of measurement errors on predicting cardiovascular events or death based on serum concentration of cholesterol and on progression of chronic kidney disease to kidney failure based on serum concentrations of albumin, bicarbonate, calcium and phosphate, and urine albumin/creatinine-ratio.If the acceptable error in the estimate of the HR is 10%, allowable total errors in serum cholesterol, bicarbonate and phosphate are approximately the same as allowable total error based on biological variation, while allowable total error in serum albumin and calcium are a little larger than estimates based on biological variation.Evaluating allowable total error from its effect on the estimate of HR is universally applicable to measurands used for prediction.
Liquid–liquid equilibria of ternary systems of 1-hexene/hexane and extraction solvents
Authors: Zhu Lin , Li Fang-Fang , Lei Zhi-Gang , Zhu Ji-Qin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOlefins and paraffins are important basic chemical raw materials with so similar molecular structure and volatility that their separation is a difficult and energy-consuming process. Liquid- liquid equilibrium (LLE) data were determined for ternary systems of: 1-hexene + hexane + solvent at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C, and N-formylmorpholine (NFM), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), γ-butyrolactone (GBL), and 1-methylimidazole (1-MEI) as the solvents studied. Liquid-liquid equilibrium data for each system were correlated to the NRTL (Non-Random Two Liquid) equation and the interaction parameters presented. The calculated results agree well with the experimental data.
Influence of solvents and novel extraction methods on bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity of Phyllanthus amarus
Authors: Nguyen Van Tang , Pham Hong Ngoc Thuy , Bowyer Michael C. , Altena Ian A. van , Scarlett Christopher J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPhyllanthus amarus (P. amarus) is a herbal plant used in the treatment of various diseases such as hepatitis, diabetes, and cancer. Efficiency of its bioactive compounds extraction and therefore the biological activity of the extracts are significantly influenced by both solvent character and extraction method. This study is aimed at the determination of the influence of six various solvents (water, acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and dichloromethane) and nine different extraction methods (conventional, ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, and six novel methods) on the extraction efficiency and antioxidant capacity of P. amarus. The results indicated that water extracted the maximal amount of phenolics from P. amarus and had the highest antioxidant capacity, while microwave-assisted extraction provided the highest yields of phenolics and saponins, and the highest antioxidant capacity with the lowest energy consumption when compared to the other extraction methods. These findings implied that water and microwave-assisted extraction are recommended as the most effective solvent and method for the extraction of bioactive compounds from P. amarus for potential application in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
Copper corrosion behaviour in acidic sulphate media in the presence of 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 5-chloro-1H-benzotriazole
Authors: Tasic Zaklina Z. , Antonijevic Milan M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe influence of 1H-benzotriazole, 5-methyl-1H-benzotriazole and 5-chloro-1H-benzotriazole on copper corrosion in an acidic sulphate medium was studied, as well as the influence of chloride ions on the corrosion behaviour of copper. The methods used were potentiodynamic measurements, open circuit potential and mass loss. The results show that the examined compounds possess good inhibitory properties in an acidic medium. The potentiodynamic polarisation results indicate that the degree of copper protection against corrosion depends on the concentration of Cl
DART – The dialogue annotation and research tool
Authors: Weisser Martin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCorpus-based research into pragmatics is suffering from a distinct lack of suitably annotated corpora. This dilemma has so far generally forced researchers in corpus-based pragmatics to focus on well-known fixed expressions (e. g. discourse markers, politeness formulae, etc.) in their research, rather than being able to investigate interaction on the level of speech acts and other pragmatics-relevant features on a larger scale. This article describes a research environment that aims at remedying this problem (currently for English only) by making large-scale annotation of, and research into, speech acts and other linguistic levels possible in an efficient manner, at the same time discussing the difficulties and complexities inherent in such an endeavour. It then goes on to illustrate the efficiency of the approach, and how the resulting annotations represent an improvement over existing models in the form of a brief case study. The latter includes an illustrative discussion of the performance of the tool in annotating a subset of 100 files from the Switchboard corpus, plus a more detailed comparison of the automatically annotated version of one of the files with its original, manually annotated, version.
Globalization And Knowledge Management In Projects
Authors: Bubel Dagmara 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Knowledge management is a field of management dealing with the use of knowledge, methods, and tools to effectively coordinate complex and unique projects. In accordance with this definition, project knowledge can be treated as a useful resource of information that allows projects to be implemented in compliance with its objectives: time, costs, and quality of results. Knowledge in the activity of an organization, including in the implementation of projects, has for many years been an area of interest to researchers, who confirmed its key importance for building permanent competitive advantages of companies and enterprises. In project management, this issue takes on a new character, as it is transferred to the field of dynamic, time restricted, temporary, and team-implemented projects. The aim of this paper is to present the results of a survey regarding the use of practices of knowledge management in projects in international organizations and to show that the concept of knowledge management in projects is a tool conducive to spreading the process of globalization.
Theoretical Developments In Environmental Management Accounting And The Role And Importance Of MFCA
Authors: Doorasamy Mishelle 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Environmental Management Accounting (EMA) is a broader concept of accounting which uses accounting tools and practices to support company-internal management decision making on environmental issues and its impact on company performance. Research on EMA can be divided into two broad categories: theoretical and empirical studies. The theoretical studies based on framework that aim to explain the nature of the relationship between economic and environmental performance and the adoption of Environmental Management Accounting in a business environment. The empirical studies follow two lines of research, instrumental studies aim to empirically test the relationships hypothesized in theoretical studies; descriptive studies are intended to examine the factors that encourage the adoption of EMA. This review paper examined the role of MFCA in identifying non-product output (waste) and its impact on an organisations profitability. Various case studies are examined in this article that demonstrates MFCA to an important environmental management tool to ensure future sustainability of an organisation.
The Challenges Of Public University Informatization
Authors: Zajkowski Andrzej , Stańczak Janusz 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The public university is a peculiar mix of features of corporations, public office, and the legacy of a tradition of federalism and academic freedom. Hence its programming information, understood as the primary management tool, requires a specific approach. This article (on the nature of the study) discusses the challenges of research by referring to selected participating (action research) carried out in the course of the implementation of information technology (IT) projects at the Warsaw University of Technology in the years 2013–15. Computerization of university is a complex, ongoing process, which depends on many factors, limited all kinds of regulations that requires making the right decision at every stage. The introduction of standardized and business processes is expensive and associated with organizational changes. However, it brings benefits in terms of new technologies, reduce operating costs and increase flexibility to respond to changing external conditions. Informatics is a dynamic process, that usually lasts as long as the organization works and develops. Organization and her environment are changing, it requires to adapt hardware and software solutions [2].
The hyperbolic lattice point problem in conjugacy classes
Authors: Chatzakos Dimitrios , Petridis Yiannis N. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
For Γ a cocompact or cofinite Fuchsian group, we study the hyperbolic lattice point problem in conjugacy classes, which is a modification of the classical hyperbolic lattice point problem. We use large sieve inequalities for the Riemann surfaces

Γ
\
ℍ

${{\Gamma\backslash{\mathbb{H}}}}$

to obtain average results for the error term, which are conjecturally optimal. We give a new proof of the error bound

O
⁢

(

X

2
/
3

)

${O(X^{2/3})}$

, due to Good. For

SL
2

⁢

(
ℤ
)

${{\mathrm{SL}_{2}({\mathbb{Z}})}}$

we interpret our results in terms of indefinite quadratic forms.
An efficient asymmetric approach to the R-enantiomer impurity of esomeprazole
Authors: Zhou Guobin , Guan Yueqing 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEsomeprazole {(S)-5-methoxy-2-[(4-methoxy-3, 5-dimethyl-2-pyridinylmethyl) sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole} is a proton pump inhibitor used as an antiulcer drug. Its R-enantiomer3was synthesized with high enantioselectivity by asymmetric oxidation of prochiral sulfide2using the oxaziridinium salt4. Product3, useful as a reference for the quality control of esomeprazole, was characterized by1H and13C NMR, IR, and HRMS. The enantiomeric excess was determined by HPLC.
Moral responsibility for natural disasters
Authors: Dranseika Vilius 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
My aim in this paper is to explore the idea of human moral responsibility for (the outcomes) of natural disasters. First, I discuss the claim that there is often a human causal contribution to negative outcomes of even such paradigmatic natural disasters as earthquakes, typhoons, and volcano eruptions. Second, I attempt to move away from discussions attributing human causal responsibility to discussions attributing human moral responsibility for such outcomes (and to the obstacles to such attributions). I suggest that in most (perhaps even all) cases of moral responsibility for the outcomes of natural disasters moral responsibility is grounded in culpable negligence, including culpable failure to prevent the side-effects of our actions or omissions.
Challenge of time as a moral imperative
Authors: Drozenová Wendy 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The aim of this essay is to consider how the dominant moral theories can be applied to the discourse of disaster situations. In specific times, specific values take priority. Therefore, this article will consider how moral theory deals with time. Kant’s moral philosophy has influenced ethics enormously, but rejects the idea of a temporal dimension in ethics; consequently, modern ethics has not devoted sufficient attention to the temporal dimension. Nonetheless, Kantian ethics established the basic principles of respect for human beings as ends in themselves, and for autonomy of rational beings; thus it cannot be ignored. In political decision-making, simply having good intentions does not suffice; they must be accompanied by responsibility. Both the ethics of consequentialism and virtue ethics (the virtue of wisdom) deal with responsibility for the future. Hans Jonas developed a concept of responsibility concerned particularly with the risks associated with new technologies and the ethical requirement to avoid disasters. “Uncertainty may be our permanent fate - which has moral consequences” (Jonas). Public policy should be precautionary. The ethics of disaster preparation planning is distinct from the ethics of disaster response planning.
On bankfull methods determination again – why we care?
Authors: Radecki-Pawlik Artur , Skalski Tomasz , Plesiński Karol , Czech Wiktoria 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
One more time we would like to pay attention of especially of the hydraulic engineer audience to bankfull stage and discharge. Along the paper we show commonly accepted definitions of it and ways of calculations. It is difficult to determine the size of the bankfull flow level, that is why the authors are presenting many selected methods. Some of the methods allow the determination of biotic bankfull flow through the occurrence of zones of vegetation characteristic and based on the observation of the occurrence of ground beetles (e.g. the Woodyer and the Radecki-Pawlik and Skalski methods). Some of the methods – most popular- are using morphometric parameters (e.g. the Williams, the Hey and Thorne, the Gauckler-Manning and finally the Lambor methods).
We believe that the value of bankfull discharge would be accepted as a supporting tool for designers, hydraulics engineers and managers, especially those who care about river channel environment and cooperate with fluvial geomorphologists- and biologists as well as environmental agencies.