bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase II Study of Partial and Subtotal Thymectomy for Thymoma (JART02)
Authors: Yano Motoki , Fujii Yoshitaka , Yoshida Junji , Utsumi Tomoki , Shiono Hiroyuki , Takao Motoshi , Tanahashi Masayuki , Saito Yushi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe believe the merit of preservation of a part of the thymus following surgery for thymoma. We evaluated the efficacy of partial or subtotal thymectomy for early‐stage thymoma in the prospective study.MethodsThe Japanese Association for Research on the Thymus conducted a multiple institutional study of thymectomy for thymoma localized in the thymus without total thymectomy. Patients without autoimmune disease who had an anterior mediastinal tumor that had been clinically diagnosed as an early‐stage thymoma were enrolled in the study. Patients who were positive for anti‐acetylcholine receptor antibodies were excluded.ResultsSixty‐three patients were enrolled preoperatively; 27 patients were judged as being inappropriate based on the other thymic pathologies or tumor invasion. The remaining 36 cases were diagnosed as early‐staged thymoma and analyzed. The mean age of the patients was 61 years. The mean maximal tumor diameter in the resected specimens was 3.6 cm. The most common pathological types of thymoma were AB (n = 10) and B1 (n = 10). The Masaoka stages were classified as stage I (n = 22) and II (n = 14). The mean observation period was 63 months. Two patients died due to respiratory dysfunction, which was not related to thymoma. One hundred percent of the patients remained recurrence‐free.ConclusionsThis prospective study suggested the efficacy of partial or subtotal thymectomy for early‐stage thymoma in patients without any apparent evidence of autoimmune disease. We can preserve a part of the thymus even following surgery for thymoma to prepare the possible second malignancies or diseases in future.
Experience with second line drugs in frequently relapsing and steroid dependent childhood nephrotic syndrome in a large Saudi center
Authors: Alsaran Khalid , Khalid Mirza , Al-Talhi Abdulhadi , Al-Kanani Esam 
Published: March 2017

Background and objectives:
To assess the efficacy and safety of second line drugs used at our center in frequently relapsing and steroid dependant (FR/SD) childhood nephrotic syndrome.

Patients and methods:
This was a retrospective study over a period of 3 years (July 2012 to July 2015) on the use of 4 second line drugs in FR/SD nephrotic syndrome in children treated at our center. These drugs were Levamisole, Mycophenolate Mofetil (MMF), Cyclophosphamide, and Cyclosporine. We studied the relapse rate per year, cumulative dose of steroids, success, failure, and side effects of these drugs. Statistical analyses were done with the help of a statistician using the T-test and the "N-1”Chi–Square test.

Results:
We reviewed the charts of 60 children. All had FR/SD nephrotic syndrome and received a 3 month protocol of prednisolone. 20 received Levamisole (33%), 12 received Cyclophosphamide (20%), 20 received MMF (25%), and 13 received Cyclosporine (22%).
All the four drugs significantly reduced the relapse rate and the cumulative dose of steroids (P < .0001). Treatment success was best with Cyclosporine (69.2%), and treatment failure was the least with Cyclosporine (7.6%). However, treatment success and failure with Cyclosporine when compared to other three drugs was not statistically significant. No dangerous side effects were seen with any of the 4 drugs in the observation period.

Conclusion:
All the second line drugs in our study were equally effective. However, we recommend that the initial treatment of FR/SD nephrotic syndrome should be chosen with the least toxic yet equally efficacious drug Levamisole.
Recent publications from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative: Reviewing progress toward improved AD clinical trials
Authors: Weiner Michael W. , Veitch Dallas P. , Aisen Paul S. , Beckett Laurel A. , Cairns Nigel J. , Green Robert C. , Harvey Danielle , Jack Clifford R. , Jagust William , Morris John C. , Petersen Ronald C. , Saykin Andrew J. , Shaw Leslie M. , Toga Arthur W. , Trojanowski John Q. ,   Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: March 2017

IntroductionThe Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) has continued development and standardization of methodologies for biomarkers and has provided an increased depth and breadth of data available to qualified researchers. This review summarizes the over 400 publications using ADNI data during 2014 and 2015.MethodsWe used standard searches to find publications using ADNI data.Results(1) Structural and functional changes, including subtle changes to hippocampal shape and texture, atrophy in areas outside of hippocampus, and disruption to functional networks, are detectable in presymptomatic subjects before hippocampal atrophy; (2) In subjects with abnormal β‐amyloid deposition (Aβ+), biomarkers become abnormal in the order predicted by the amyloid cascade hypothesis; (3) Cognitive decline is more closely linked to tau than Aβ deposition; (4) Cerebrovascular risk factors may interact with Aβ to increase white‐matter (WM) abnormalities which may accelerate Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression in conjunction with tau abnormalities; (5) Different patterns of atrophy are associated with impairment of memory and executive function and may underlie psychiatric symptoms; (6) Structural, functional, and metabolic network connectivities are disrupted as AD progresses. Models of prion‐like spreading of Aβ pathology along WM tracts predict known patterns of cortical Aβ deposition and declines in glucose metabolism; (7) New AD risk and protective gene loci have been identified using biologically informed approaches; (8) Cognitively normal and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects are heterogeneous and include groups typified not only by “classic” AD pathology but also by normal biomarkers, accelerated decline, and suspected non‐Alzheimer's pathology; (9) Selection of subjects at risk of imminent decline on the basis of one or more pathologies improves the power of clinical trials; (10) Sensitivity of cognitive outcome measures to early changes in cognition has been improved and surrogate outcome measures using longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging may further reduce clinical trial cost and duration; (11) Advances in machine learning techniques such as neural networks have improved diagnostic and prognostic accuracy especially in challenges involving MCI subjects; and (12) Network connectivity measures and genetic variants show promise in multimodal classification and some classifiers using single modalities are rivaling multimodal classifiers.DiscussionTaken together, these studies fundamentally deepen our understanding of AD progression and its underlying genetic basis, which in turn informs and improves clinical trial design.
Associations between social relationship measures, serum brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, and risk of stroke and dementia
Authors: Salinas Joel , Beiser Alexa , Himali Jayandra J. , Satizabal Claudia L. , Aparicio Hugo J. , Weinstein Galit , Mateen Farrah J. , Berkman Lisa F. , Rosand Jonathan , Seshadri Sudha 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIntroductionMechanisms underlying social determinants of stroke and dementia are unclear and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) may contribute as a molecular link.MethodsUsing the Framingham Study, we examined social relationship measures as predictors of higher serum BDNF level and cumulative incidence of stroke and dementia.ResultsAmong 3294 participants, controlling for age and sex, isolation trended with lower BDNF (odds ratio = 0.69 [0.47–1.00]). Participants with more companionship had reduced risk for stroke (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.59 [0.41–0.83]) and dementia (HR = 0.67 [0.49–0.92]). Greater emotional support was associated with higher BDNF (odds ratio = 1.27 [1.04–1.54]), reduced dementia risk (HR = 0.69 [0.51–0.94], and among smokers, reduced stroke risk (HR = 0.23 [0.10–0.57]). Associations persisted after additional adjustments. BDNF partly mediated the total effect between emotional support and dementia risk.ConclusionsAvailability of social support appears to be associated with increased BDNF levels and, in certain subsets, reduce risk of subsequent dementia and stroke, thus warranting study of these pathways to understand their role in neuroprotection.
On the Davey-Stewartson systems
Authors: Linares Felipe , Ponce Gustavo 
Published: March 2017

We study the initial value problem for the Davey–Stewartson systems. This model arises generically in both physics and mathematics. Using the classification in [15] we consider the elliptic-hyperbolic and hyperbolic-hyperbolic cases. Under smallness assumption on the data it is shown that the IVP is locally wellposed in weighted Sobolev spaces.

Résumé
Nous étudions le problème de Cauchy pour les systèmes de Davey–Stewartson. Ce modèle se présente de façon générique en mathé-matiques et en physique. Nous utilisons la classification de [15] et considérons les cas elliptique-hyperbolique et hyperbolique-hyperbolique. Sous des conditions (de petites tailles) sur les données nous montrons que le problème est bien posé sur les espaces de Sobolev à poids.
The symmetry of minimizing harmonic maps from a two dimensional domain to the sphere
Authors: Sandier Étienne 
Published: March 2017

We show that minimizing harmonic maps from an annulus in

ℝ^2

to the sphere in

ℝ^3

that agree on the boundary with the map

u_0 (x, y) = (x/r, y/r, 0)

– where

r^2 = x^2 + y^2

– must be radially symmetric. This result combined with previous results of Jäger–Kaul [JK], Brezis–Coron [BC] and of Bethuel–Brezis–Coleman–Hélein [BBCH] shows that for any symmetrical domain in

ℝ^2

and any symmetrical boundary data with image lying in a closed hemisphere, minimizing harmonic maps must be radially symmetric. We also give an example showing that this no longer has to be true when the boundary data has its image lying in a neighborhood – however small it may be – of a closed hemisphere.

Résumé
On montre que les applications harmoniques minimisantes d’un domaine bidimensionnel vers la sphère sont nécessairement symétriques dès que leur trace est symétrique et à valeur dans un hémisphère fermé. On montre également que ceci devient faux lorsque la trace est à valeurs dans un voisinage arbitrairement petit d’un hémisphère.
Neuropsychological Outcome in Perinatal Stroke Associated With Epileptiform Discharges in Sleep
Authors: Mineyko Aleksandra , Qi Wei , Carlson Helen L. , Bello-Espinosa Luis , Brooks Brian L. , Kirton Adam 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackground:Patients with arterial perinatal stroke often suffer long-term motor sequelae, difficulties in language, social development, and behaviour as well as epilepsy. Despite homogeneous lesions, long-term behavioural and cognitive outcomes are variable and unpredictable. Sleep-related epileptic encephalopathies can occur after early brain injury and are associated with global developmental delays. We hypothesized that sleep-potentiated epileptiform abnormalities are associated with worse developmental outcomes after perinatal stroke.Methods:Participants were identified from a population-based cohort (Alberta Perinatal Stroke Project). Inclusion criteria were magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed arterial perinatal stroke, age 4 to 18 years, electroencephalogram (EEG) including sleep, and comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Sleep-related EEG abnormalities were categorized by an epileptologist blinded to the cognitive outcome. Associations between EEG classification and neuropsychological outcomes were explored (ttests, Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons).Results:Of 128 potentially eligible participants, 34 (53% female) had complete EEG (mean age, 8.1 years; range, 0.2-16.4) and neuropsychology testing (mean age, 9.8 years; range 4.4-16.7). Twelve (35%) were classified as having electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Patients with abnormal EEGs were more likely to have statistically worse scores when corrected for multiple comparisons, in receptive language (median, 1st percentile; IQR 1-7th percentile; p<0.05), and externalizing behaviours (median, 82nd percentile; IQR, 79-97th percentile; p<0.05).Conclusions:Developmental outcome in language and behaviour in children with arterial perinatal stroke is associated with electrical status epilepticus in sleep. Increased screening with sleep EEG is suggested, whereas further studies are necessary to determine if treatment of EEG abnormalities can improve outcome.
Dissolution collapse of a growing diapir from radial, concentric, and salt-withdrawal faults overprinting in the Salinas de Oro salt diapir, northern Spain
Authors: Guerrero Jesús 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA geomorphic investigation of the Salinas de Oro salt diapir in the Pyrenees reveals that the ring fracture pattern related to the karstic collapse of the diapir crest may vary significantly depending on the rates of dissolution and salt flow, and the rheology of the overburden. The salt diapir has well-developed concentric faults related to salt dissolution subsidence throughout the Quaternary. Roof strata accommodate subsidence by a combination of downward sagging and brittle collapse leading to the development of a ring monocline that is broken by 5 to 20 m throw conjugated normal faults and a 40 m throw, 9.5-km-long and 200-m-wide keystone graben. The salt diapir top has >100-m-long sinkholes that coalesce to form hollows >70 m deep. Up to 3-km-long radial grabens with a 70 to 90 m vertical throw overprint concentric-ring faulting and displace Quaternary deposits demonstrating active salt flow and diapir rise. Radial faults are linked with salt-withdrawal faults of the Andia Fault Zone (AFZ). Salt flow from the AFZ into the Salinas de Oro salt diapir causes brittle gravitational extension of limestone strata leading to a sequence of grabens and Quaternary faults >10 km long and several hundred meters deep.
A new substitute host and its effects on some biological properties ofOoencyrtus kuvanae
Authors: Tunca Hilal , Venard Marine , Colombel Etty-Ambre , Tabone Elisabeth 
Published: March 2017

AbstractLymantia dispar(L.) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), commonly known as the gypsy moth, is a serious forest pest, and beneficial insects are particularly important for reducing its population numbers.Ooencyrtus kuvanae(Howard) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is an arrhenotokous, solitary egg parasitoid ofL. dispar. In this study, we evaluated a new substitute host,Philosamia ricini(Danovan) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) forO. kuvanae. We investigated some of the biological effects ofO. kuvanaeonP. ricinieggs. In this context, the importance of the age of the female parasitoid (1, 3 or 5 days old), host age (1–2 and 3–4 days old) and host number (40, 60 and 80 host eggs) were examined under laboratory conditions (25 ± 1 °C, 65 ± 5% relative humidity and a 16 : 8 h photoperiod [light : dark]). The highest rate of offspring production (89.90%) occurred with 40 (1–2-day-old) host eggs and 5-day-old females. The mean developmental period ranged from 16.5 ± 0.08 days to 18.7 ± 0.08 days. The mean lifespan of the parasitoid was 51.10 ± 1.1 (n= 60) days with bio-honey and 3.92 ± 0.14 (n= 60) days without food. The mean fecundity was 68.88 ± 3.22 offspring/female. Peak adult emergence occurred between 2 and 9 days. The mean oviposition and mean post-oviposition periods of the female parasitoid were 22.76 ± 1.37 days and 13.64 ± 1.40 days, respectively.O. kuvanaewas reared for more than ten generations on the eggs ofP. ricini. Based on our findings,P. ricinican be used to rearO. kuvanaefor the biological control ofL. dispar.
Patterns and processes influencing helminth parasites of Arctic coastal communities during climate change
Authors: Galaktionov K.V. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis review analyses the scarce available data on biodiversity and transmission of helminths in Arctic coastal ecosystems and the potential impact of climate changes on them. The focus is on the helminths of seabirds, dominant parasites in coastal ecosystems. Their fauna in the Arctic is depauperate because of the lack of suitable intermediate hosts and unfavourable conditions for species with free-living larvae. An increasing proportion of crustaceans in the diet of Arctic seabirds would result in a higher infection intensity of cestodes and acanthocephalans, and may also promote the infection of seabirds with non-specific helminths. In this way, the latter may find favourable conditions for colonization of new hosts. Climate changes may alter the composition of the helminth fauna, their infection levels in hosts and ways of transmission in coastal communities. Immigration of boreal invertebrates and fish into Arctic seas may allow the circulation of helminths using them as intermediate hosts. Changing migratory routes of animals would alter the distribution of their parasites, facilitating, in particular, their trans-Arctic transfer. Prolongation of the seasonal ‘transmission window’ may increase the parasitic load on host populations. Changes in Arctic marine food webs would have an overriding influence on the helminths’ circulation. This process may be influenced by the predicted decreased of salinity in Arctic seas, increased storm activity, coastal erosion, ocean acidification, decline of Arctic ice, etc. Greater parasitological research efforts are needed to assess the influence of factors related to Arctic climate change on the transmission of helminths.
Charged particle dynamics in multiple colliding electromagnetic waves. Survey of random walk, Lévy flights, limit circles, attractors and structurally determinate patterns
Authors: Bulanov S. V. , Esirkepov T. Zh. , Koga J. K. , Bulanov S. S. , Gong Z. , Yan X. Q. , Kando M. 
Published: March 2017

The multiple colliding laser pulse concept formulated by Bulanovet al.(Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 104, 2010b, 220404) is beneficial for achieving an extremely high amplitude of coherent electromagnetic field. Since the topology of electric and magnetic fields of multiple colliding laser pulses oscillating in time is far from trivial and the radiation friction effects are significant in the high field limit, the dynamics of charged particles interacting with the multiple colliding laser pulses demonstrates remarkable features corresponding to random walk trajectories, limit circles, attractors, regular patterns and Lévy flights. Under extremely high intensity conditions the nonlinear dissipation mechanism stabilizes the particle motion resulting in the charged particle trajectory being located within narrow regions and in the occurrence of a new class of regular patterns made by the particle ensembles.
Realism and constructivism in social perception
Authors: Kihlstrom John F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractJussim's critique of social psychology's embrace of error and bias is needed and often persuasive. In opting for perceptual realism over social constructivism, however, he seems to ignore a third choice – a cognitive constructivism which has a long and distinguished history in the study of nonsocial perception, and which enables us to understand both accuracy and error.
A close consideration of effect sizes reviewed by Jussim (2012)
Authors: Trafimow David , Raut Yogesh J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis commentary on Jussim (2012) makes two points: (1) Effect sizes often reflect artifacts of experimental design rather than real-world relevance, and (2) any argument dependent on effect sizes must correct for attenuation due to instrument reliabilities. A formula for making this correction is presented, and its ramifications on the debate over accuracy in person perception are discussed.
Attractiveness biases are the tip of the iceberg in biological markets
Authors: Barclay Pat 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPhysical attractiveness affects how one gets treated, but it is just a single component of one's overall “market value.” One's treatment depends on other markers of market value, including social status, competence, warmth, and any other cues of one's ability or willingness to confer benefits on partners. To completely understand biased treatment, we must also incorporate these other factors.
Is there an alternative explanation to the evolutionary account for financial and prosocial biases in favor of attractive individuals?
Authors: Dang Junhua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAll three critical points of the evolutionary explanation proposed by Maestripieri et al. may not withstand close scrutiny. Instead, there should be an alternative explanation that has nothing to do with genetic continuity, but stresses the rewarding property of attractiveness that results mainly from sociocultural value assignment and sexual experience pursuit.
It is not all about mating: Attractiveness predicts partner value across multiple relationship domains
Authors: Eisenbruch Adar B. , Lukaszewski Aaron W. , Roney James R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAn account of the “beauty premium” based only on mating motivations overlooks adaptationist models of social valuation that have broader explanatory power. We suggest a broader approach based on evolved preferences for attractive partners in multiple cooperative domains (not just mating), which accounts for many observations of attractiveness-based preferential treatment more comfortably than does the target article's mating-specific account.
The type of behavior and the role of relationship length in mate choice for prosociality among physically attractive individuals
Authors: Farrelly Daniel 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo further key aspects of prosociality as a sexual signal are explored here. First, the context in which it is used (in particular, relationship length) and, second, the different types of prosocial behaviors that exist in social interactions. Therefore, this commentary can show why prosocial behaviors are biased toward physically attractive individuals, as they can gain valuable information from them.
How should we tackle financial and prosocial biases against unattractive people?
Authors: Minerva Francesca 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe fact that attractive people benefit from their good looks is not bad per se. Rather, what is worrisome is the fact that unattractive people are discriminated against, and that such discrimination negatively affects many aspects of their lives. I focus on the moral implications of this discrimination and on the possible measures that could be taken to alleviate it.
Tinbergen's “four questions” provides a formal framework for a more complete understanding of prosocial biases in favour of attractive people
Authors: Stephen Ian D. , Burke Darren , Sulikowski Danielle 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe adopt Tinbergen's (1963) “four questions” approach to strengthen the criticism by Maestripieri et al. of the non-evolutionary accounts of favouritism toward attractive individuals, by showing which levels of explanation are lacking in these accounts. We also use this approach to propose ways in which the evolutionary account may be extended and strengthened.