bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The exact Fermi potential yielding the Hartree–Fock electron density from orbital‐free density functional theory
Authors: Finzel Kati , Ayers Paul W. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe exact expression for the Fermi potential yielding the Hartree–Fock electron density within an orbital‐free density functional formalism is derived. The Fermi potential, which is defined as that part of the potential that depends on the particles’ nature, is in this context given as the sum of the Pauli potential and the exchange potential. The exact exchange potential for an orbital‐free density functional formalism is shown to be the Slater potential.
Theoretical investigation toward organophosphine‐catalyzed [3 + 3] annulation of Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates with azomethine imines: Mechanism, origin of stereoselectivity, and role of catalyst
Authors: Zhang Wei , Qiao Yan , Wang Yang , Tang Mingsheng , Wei Donghui 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA computational study on the detailed mechanism and stereoselectivity of the chiral phosphine‐catalyzed C(sp2)H activation/[3 + 3] annulation between Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) carbonates and C,N‐cyclic azomethine imines has been performed. Generally, the catalytic cycle consists of two stages, that is, C(sp2)H activation companied by the dissociation of the t‐BuO
group forming phosphonium enolate, and [3 + 3] cycloaddition process followed by regeneration of the catalyst. The calculated results indicate that C(sp2)H activation is rate‐determining while [3 + 3] cycloaddition is stereoselectivity‐determining. Furthermore, the advantageous hydrogen bond interactions and less steric hindrance in the RR configurational CC bond forming transition states should be responsible for the favorability of RR‐configured product among the four possible products. The special role of the organocatalyst was also identified by natural bond orbital (NBO) and global reactivity index (GRI) analyses. The mechanistic insights obtained in the present study should be useful for understanding the novel organocatalytic C(sp2)H activation and cycloaddition cascade reaction of MBH carbonates, and thus provide valuable clues on rational design of efficient organocatalysts for the C(sp2)H activation/functionalizations.
Correlations between mercury concentration, and stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen of amino acids in scalp hair from whale meat eaters and heavy fish eaters
Authors: Endo Tetsuya , Ogasawara Hideki , Hayasaka Moriaki , Hotta Yohei , Kimura Osamu , Petzke Klaus J. 
Published: February 2017

RationaleAs mercury (Hg) accumulation in marine animals generally increases with increased trophic level (δ15N values) through the food web, predators accumulate higher levels of Hg. The main source of human Hg intake is the consumption of fish and other marine animals, and Hg concentration in scalp hair is the preferred marker for evaluating consumption of marine animals. Difference in δ15N values between trophic and source amino acids of human consumers could enable us to estimate the trophic level of the consumer without knowing the bulk δ15N value of their prey.MethodsWe measured the δ15N values of 15 amino acids in scalp hair from heavy fish eaters and whale meat eaters using isotope ratio monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (irm‐GC/MS), and investigated the correlations between Hg concentrations in the hair and the δ15N values of the individual constituent amino acids.ResultsThe δ15N values for all trophic amino acids (Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, Pro, Asx and Glx) increased with increases in Hg concentration (p < 0.01), with the highest correlation being with Glx (R2 = 0.725). In contrast, the δ15N value for Thr decreased with increases in Hg concentration (R2 = 0.663, p < 0.01). The difference in δ15N values between Glx and Thr was positively correlated with Hg concentration, showing the highest correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.773, p < 0.01) among the various combinations for amino acids.ConclusionsThe difference in δ15N values between Glx and Thr appears to be the best proxy for the estimation of Hg concentration in scalp hair. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Observer‐based controllers with data dropout rate adaptation
Authors: Dolz Daniel , Peñarrocha Ignacio , Sanchis Roberto 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIn this work, we address the observer‐based control problem for networked control systems with an unknown time‐varying packet arrival rate (PAR) and under root mean square‐norm bounded disturbances. We assume packetized transmissions of both measurement and control input through a communication network with successful delivery acknowledgement. Using the measurement reception state and the control transmission acknowledgement, we derive a filter to estimate the PAR. We consider that the PAR changes sporadically from a constant value to another one; that is, it has two different behaviours: transient and steady state. While the observer only updates the state estimation using the current received measurements, the controller computes the control action employing the current state estimation and the previous applied control input. We propose to schedule both the observer and controller with rational functions of the PAR estimation. We show that the separation principle applies, and then, seeking higher performance accuracy, we develop an optimization
observer and controller design procedure that considers the two possible behaviours of the PAR. This optimization procedure attempts to maximize the estimation and control performances for each of the possible constant values of the PAR while offering robustness against PAR estimation errors and variations of the PAR. By exploiting sum‐of‐squares decomposition techniques, the design procedure involves an optimization problem over polynomials. A numerical example illustrates the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stabilization of a general linear heat‐ODE system coupling at an intermediate point
Authors: Zhou Zhongcheng , Ren Zhigang , Xu Chao 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper considers the stabilization of a general linear heat‐ODE system coupling at an intermediate point which is an extension from our previous work on stabilizing a coupled system of a heat PDE and a second‐order ODE. A novel backstepping transformation is proposed which can overcome the difficulty of using the one proposed in our previous work to a more general system considered in the current paper. Existence of smooth kernels in both the forward and inverse transformations is proved. Also, we show that forward and inverse transformations are a mutually inverse pair governed by the kernels equations. Finally, the effectiveness of the controller design is demonstrated with some numerical examples for heat‐ODE systems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time‐varying filter design for semi‐Markov jump linear systems with intermittent transmission
Authors: Yang Ting , Zhang Lixian , Sreeram Victor , Vargas Alessandro N. , Hayat Tasawar , Ahmad Bashir 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper focuses on the filter design problem for semi‐Markov jump linear systems. The system outputs are transmitted to the filter via networks, and it is assumed that the transmission is imperfect with data packet dropouts subject to the Bernoulli random binary distribution. A σ‐error mean square stability criterion is first derived for the underlying systems. On the basis of the criterion, the H∞ performance analysis is conducted. By constructing a time‐varying Lyapunov function, a time‐varying H∞ filter scheme is investigated. Because the presented approach can cover the mode‐dependent and mode‐independent time‐invariant H∞ filter schemes as special cases, the conservatism of the derived results is less than those of the time‐invariant filter schemes. An active suspension system with activator uncertainties is lastly presented to illustrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the derived theoretical results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global finite‐time stabilization via time‐varying output‐feedback for uncertain nonlinear systems with unknown growth rate
Authors: Li Fengzhong , Liu Yungang 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper considers the global finite‐time output‐feedback stabilization for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems. Comparing with the existing related literature, two essential obstacles exist: On the one hand, the systems in question allow serious parametric unknowns and serious time variations coupling to the unmeasurable states, which is reflected in that the systems have the unmeasurable states dependent growth with the rate being an unknown constant multiplying a known continuous function of time. On the other hand, the systems possess remarkably inherent nonlinearities, whose growth allows to be not only low‐order but especially high‐order with respect to the unmeasurable states. To effectively cope with these obstacles, we established a time‐varying output‐feedback strategy to achieve the finite‐time stabilization for the systems under investigation. First, a time‐varying state‐feedback controller is constructed by adding an integrator method, and by homogeneous domination approach, a time‐varying reduced‐order observer is designed to precisely rebuild the unmeasurable states. Then, by certainty equivalence principle, a desired time‐varying output‐feedback controller is constructed for the systems. It is shown that, as long as the involved time‐varying gain is chosen fast enough to overtake the serious parametric unknowns and the serious time variations, the output‐feedback controller renders that the closed‐loop system states converge to zero in finite time. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Usefulness and effectiveness of herbal medicines in stroke: Narrative review
Authors: Cho Ki‐Ho , Kwon Seungwon 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTStroke causes various disabilities, reducing the quality of life and motivation for life. It is also one of the major causes of death in the aging population. Therefore, prevention and treatment are crucial. In conventional medicine, thrombolysis and various surgical techniques have been developed and used to treat stroke, but, despite the advancements and benefits, many patients still experience various disabilities. In East Asian countries, herbal prescriptions have been widely used for the treatment and prevention of stroke. Recently, the efficacy of herbal complexes as an adjunct to conventional treatment has been suggested. Numerous reports have been published in various fields from acute stroke management to chronic stroke rehabilitation and stroke prevention. Here, we review the herbal complexes used for acute phase treatment, to recover motor function, and those used for post‐stroke sensory disturbances such as central post‐stroke pain and complex regional pain syndrome. Furthermore, we review the herbal complexes used for post‐stroke psychiatric symptoms such as emotional incontinence, post‐stroke depression, and post‐stroke insomnia, and those used for cognitive dysfunction, dysphagia, and urinary and defecation problems. Furthermore, in most cases, both Western medicines and herbal complexes have been used together. To reflect on this situation, we investigate the safety of herbal complexes combined with anticoagulants. Moreover, we investigate the possibility of using herbal complexes to combat the problems that could occur during conventional treatment such as with antibiotics. Finally, we review the efficacy of herbal complexes for stroke prevention.
Important Treatment Outcomes for Patients with Psoriatic Arthritis: A Multisite Qualitative Study
Authors:   For the PROMPT Study Group, Dures Emma , Hewlett Sarah , Lord Jane , Bowen Clive , McHugh Neil , Tillett William 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) is a variable and complex inflammatory condition. Symptoms can compromise physical function, reduce quality of life, and accrue significant health costs. Commonly used patient-reported outcomes largely reflect the professionals’ perspective, however it is not known whether they capture what is important to patients.

Objective
The aim of our study was to identify treatment outcomes important to patients with PsA.

Methods
Eight focus groups that were audio recorded, transcribed, anonymised and analysed using inductive thematic analysis were conducted at five hospital sites. The full data set was analysed by the lead researcher, and subsets analysed by three team members (including patient partners).

Results
Overall, 41 patients sampled for a range of phenotypes and domains of disease activity participated in the study: 20 males; mean age 58 years (range 28–75, standard deviation [SD] 11.4); mean disease duration 9 years (range 0.5–39, SD 8.3); and mean Health Assessment Questionnaire score of 1 (range 0.0–2.5, SD 0.7). Over 60 outcomes were identified and grouped into four themes: (i) symptom alleviation (e.g. pain, fatigue, itchy skin, swelling, and reducing variability); (ii) reduction of disease impact (e.g. tiredness and pain, mobility and dexterity, deteriorating physical fitness, negative emotional responses, and strained relationships and social interactions); (iii) improved prognosis (e.g. slowing down disease progression, maintaining independence, and enhancing quality of life); and (iv) minimisation of treatment harm and burden (e.g. nausea, long-term effects, and administration and monitoring of treatments).

Conclusions
Outcomes from treatments that are important to patients, which relate to impacts from PsA and its treatment that range beyond those outcomes commonly measured, were identified. These patient perspectives need to be considered when evaluating treatments.
Amount of Water Sufficient to Suppress Thermal Decomposition of Forest Fuel
Authors: Kuznetsov G. V. , Strizhak P. A. , Volkov R. S. , Zhdanova A. O. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study examines how to stop the pyrolysis of fir needles, birch leaves, aspen twigs and their mixture using the minimum volumes of water. The combustion of forest fuels is suppressed by spraying water on their surface. The temperature of thermal decomposition is monitored throughout the layer of forest fuel by thermocouples. A high-speed camera and optical techniques allow us to study water spraying and its interaction with forest fuels. Finally, the study specifies the ranges of the minimum water volumes and the times of ending of the thermal decomposition of forest fuels. When analyzing the energy balance in the thermally decomposing forest fuel, a mathematical expression is formulated to predict the water volume sufficient to suppress thermal decomposition of forest fuel. This expression takes into account the ratio between the heat energy spent on water evaporation in pores of forest fuel and the heat energy of the reacting layer of forest fuel. The obtained dimensionless factor considers the main parameters of water spraying and the properties of forest fuel. This factor enables us to apply the research findings to forest fuel in various regions of the world.
Time-Dependent Creep Analysis for Life Assessment of Cylindrical Vessels Using First Order Shear Deformation Theory
Authors: Kashkoli M. D. , Tahan Kh. N. , Nejad M. Z. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn the present study, assuming that the thermo-elastic creep response of the material is governed by Norton's law, an analytical solution has been developed for the purpose of time-dependent creep response for isotropic thick-walled cylindrical pressure vessels. To study the creep response, the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT) is applied. To the best of the researchers’ knowledge, in the literature, there is no study carried out into FSDT for time-dependent creep response of cylindrical pressure vessels. The novelty of the present work is that it seeks to investigate creep life of the vessels made of 304L austenitic stainless steel (304L SS) using Larson-Miller Parameter (LMP) based on FSDT. Using this analytical solution, stress rates are calculated followed by an iterative method using initial thermo-elastic stresses at zero time. When the stress rates are known, the stresses at any time are obtained and then using LMP, creep life of the vessels are investigated. The Problem is also solved, using the finite element method (FEM), the result of which are compared with those of the analytical solution and good agreement was found. It is found that the temperature gradient distribution has significant influence on the creep life of the cylinder, so that the maximum creep life is located at the outer surface of the cylinder where the minimum value of temperature is located.
The Role of Business Entertainment in Economic Exchanges: A Governance Perspective and Propositions
Authors: Sun Francis , Chen Shih-Fen S. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTWhile entertainment activities in private business settings (i.e., business entertainment) are widely seen all over the world, issues about their prevalence have remained unresolved in the literature. This study takes an institutional approach to elucidate (1) the governance role of business entertainment in economic exchanges, (2) the mechanism through which business entertainment plays this role, and (3) the conditions under which business entertainment plays a greater role to facilitate economic exchanges. Our starting point is that economic transactions are governed through a combination of market rules, legal restraints, and social norms. We argue that business entertainment plays a governance role by boosting the power of social norms to regulate the behaviors of economic actors. As such, business entertainment should be more prevalent under the conditions where social fabrics are dense but market and legal infrastructures are underdeveloped. This governance approach provides a common ground to accommodate the positive versus negative views on business entertainment advocated by two camps of researchers in management, economics, and sociology. It also offers useful guidelines for policymakers to regulate, and for executives to manage, this prevalent but often misunderstood business practice.
Fetal and neonatal exposure totrans-fatty acids impacts on susceptibility to atherosclerosis in apo E*3 Leiden mice
Authors: Gates Louise , Langley-Evans Simon C. , Kraft Jana , Lock Adam L. , Salter Andrew M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNutrition during pregnancy can impact on the susceptibility of the offspring to CVD. Postnatal consumption oftrans-fatty acids (TFA), associated with partially hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO), increases the risk of atherosclerosis, whereas evidence for those TFA associated with ruminant-derived dairy products and meat remain equivocal. In this study, we investigate the impact of maternal consumption of dietary PHVO (P) and ruminant milk fat (R) on the development of atherosclerosis in their offspring, using the transgenic apoE*3 Leiden mouse. Dams were fed either chow (C) or one of three high-fat diets: a diet reflecting the SFA content of a ‘Western’ diet (W) or one enriched with either P or R. Diets were fed during either pregnancy alone or pregnancy and lactation. Weaned offspring were then transferred to an atherogenic diet for 12 weeks. Atherosclerosis was assessed as lipid staining in cross-sections of the aorta. There was a significant effect of maternal diet during pregnancy on development of atherosclerosis (P=0·013) in the offspring with those born of mothers fed R or P during pregnancy displaying smaller lesions that those fed C or W. This was not associated with changes in total or lipoprotein cholesterol. Continuing to feed P during lactation increased atherosclerosis compared with that seen in offspring of dams fed P only during pregnancy (P<0·001). No such effect was seen in those from mothers fed R (P=0·596) or W (P=901). We conclude that dietary TFA have differing effects on cardiovascular risk at different stages of the lifecycle.
Curiosity killed the cat: no evidence of an association between cat ownership and psychotic symptoms at ages 13 and 18 years in a UK general population cohort
Authors: Solmi F. , Hayes J. F. , Lewis G. , Kirkbride J. B. 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundCongenital or early life infection with Toxoplasma gondii has been implicated in schizophrenia aetiology. Childhood cat ownership has been hypothesized as an intermediary marker of T. gondii infection and, by proxy, as a risk factor for later psychosis. Evidence supporting this hypothesis is, however, limited.MethodWe used birth cohort data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) to investigate whether cat ownership in pregnancy and childhood (ages 4 and 10 years) was associated with psychotic experiences (PEs) in early (age 13, N = 6705) and late (age 18, N = 4676) adolescence, rated from semi-structured interviews. We used logistic regression to examine associations between cat ownership and PEs, adjusting for several sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors, household characteristics and dog ownership. Missing data were handled via multiple imputation.ResultsCat ownership during pregnancy was not associated with PEs at age 13 years [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97–1.35] or 18 years (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.86–1.35). Initial univariable evidence that cat ownership at ages 4 and 10 years was associated with PEs at age 13 years did not persist after multivariable adjustment (4 years: OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.94–1.48; 10 years: OR 1.12, 95% CI 0.92–1.36). There was no evidence that childhood cat ownership was associated with PEs at age 18 years.ConclusionsWhile pregnant women should continue to avoid handling soiled cat litter, given possible T. gondii exposure, our study strongly indicates that cat ownership in pregnancy or early childhood does not confer an increased risk of later adolescent PEs.
‘Only a local affair’? Imagining and enacting locality through London's Boer War carnivals
Authors: GEORGIOU DION 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT:This article examines carnivals held in Greater London during the Boer War, as a prism through which to analyse the contemporary construction and enactment of locality in the metropolis. It argues that ideas of locality, class and citizenship were reshaped through advances in transport and communication, more active government and urban and then suburban growth. This was manifest in the carnivals, whereby a national and imperial cause stimulated local initiative and citywide replication, encouraged expressions of local identity but also instigated and exacerbated local rivalries, and illustrated the extent to which class identities were nested in local ones.