bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term hematopoietic dysfunction in patients with large‐scale mitochondrial DNA deletion syndromes
Authors: Greenberg‐Kushnir Noa , Grossmann Liron D. , Barg Assaf Arie , Schiby Ginnete , Mardoukh Corine , Varda‐Bloom Nira , Marcu‐Malina Victoria , Anikster Yair , Gruber Noah , Lahav Einat , Bolkier Yoav , Bar Diana , Bielorai Bella , Toren Amos , Jacoby Elad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPearson syndrome (PS) and Kearns‐Sayre syndrome (KSS) are single large‐scale mitochondrial DNA deletion (SLSMD) syndromes. PS is characterized by severe, transient childhood cytopenia, whereas KSS typically manifests later in life without hematologic abnormalities. Despite distinct clinical presentations, both share a common mitochondrial DNA deletion. Recent observations suggest a potential link between PS progression and myeloid malignancy development, indicating that bone marrow failure (BMF) may be a key aspect of PS pathology and potentially universal across SLSMDs.MethodsThis study explores longitudinal hematological manifestations of SLSMD syndromes, focusing on bone marrow (BM) dysfunction.ResultsSixteen patients with SLSMDs (13 PS and 3 KSS) were followed, of whom 75% experienced cytopenia, necessitating blood transfusions in 56%. Despite achieving transfusion independence at a median age of 24 months, persistent hematological abnormalities were noted. Comprehensive longitudinal BM studies were conducted in 62% of subjects and consistently revealed signs of marrow dysfunction, even without concurrent cytopenia. Median BM cellularity at a median age of four years and eight months was 50%, with histological signs of dyserythropoiesis, abnormal megakaryocytes, and signs suggesting myelodysplasia. Reduced CD34+ counts and BM colony‐forming unit capacity were noted, alongside chromosome 7 aberrations in 16% of patients on cytogenetic studies.ConclusionsOur findings establish BM dysfunction as a persistent hallmark of SLSMD syndromes, posing a risk of clonal evolution and acquisition of chromosome 7 aberrations. This aligns with recent literature, emphasizing enduring BMF in SLSMD syndromes and advocating for tailored hematological monitoring guidelines for this unique patient cohort.
Reflections on 20 years of the Wilms Africa project: Lessons learned and the way forward
Authors: Israels Trijn , Borgstein Eric , Kamiza Steve , Mallon Brenda , Mavinkurve‐Groothuis Annelies M. C. , Kouya Francine , Balagadde Joyce , Bhakta Nickhill , Renner Lorna Awo , Ilbawi André , Masamba Leo , Pritchard‐Jones Kathy , Paintsil Vivian , Chagaluka George , Molyneux Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWilms tumour (WT) is one of the common and curable childhood cancer types included in the Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer (GICC) to monitor progress. Local evidence is key to finding effective and sustainable solutions to local challenges to improve care and survival. Local evidence generated by the Wilms Africa project is summarised with recommendations for the future.
Influence of silane and polyethylene glycol functionalization of boron nitride nanosheets on mechanical and thermal properties of epoxy nanocomposites: Machine and deep learning forecasting
Authors: Varughese Jerrin Joy , M. S. Sreekanth 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe influence of hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) nanosheet surface modification on epoxy nanocomposites' mechanical and thermal properties were investigated. An innovative approach was developed for synthesizing hBN nanosheets (hBNNs) via optimized ultrasonic‐assisted liquid‐phase exfoliation (UALPE), followed by functionalization with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) and polyethylene glycol (PEG600) for nanocomposite preparation. Compared to unmodified epoxy, nanocomposites containing 0.3 wt% of pristine hBNNs exhibited significant enhancements in flexural strength (125.28 MPa) and tensile strength (53.35 MPa), with respective increases of 40.57% and 43.23%. PEG‐hBNNs improved flexural and tensile strengths to 136.83 and 58.57 MPa, respectively. The most substantial enhancements were observed with APTS‐hBNNs, yielding flexural and tensile strengths of 174.13 and 63.53 MPa, reflecting increases of 95.37% and 70.50%, attributed to better interfacial interactions and a more effective crack deflection mechanism. Thermal stability analyses revealed superior performance of modified hBNNs epoxy nanocomposites, increasing 8.2°C and 6.3°C at 50 wt% degradation as compared to the unmodified system, owing to enhanced physical barrier properties. Structural and morphological analyses validated the successful exfoliation and modification of hBNNs. Predictive models utilizing machine and deep learning (DL) techniques, particularly DL with the adaptive moment estimation (ADAM) optimizer, effectively forecasted mechanical properties, achieving high R2 values.HIGHLIGHTS
0.3 wt% modified hBNNs epoxy nanocomposite showed the highest mechanical strength
Improved thermal stability of epoxy nanocomposite by modification of hBNNs
Improved crack deflection mechanism in the presence of surface‐modified hBNNs
Deep learning with ADAM optimizer showed high R2 and low prediction loss
Aggregation/agglomeration dependent percolation threshold of spherical nanoparticles in electrically conductive polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Sharifzadeh Esmail , Ader Fiona 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study evaluated the percolation threshold in polymer nanocomposites and its dependence on the aggregation/agglomeration phenomenon. The main objective of the investigation was to propose a particular method that besides revealing the impact of different involved parameters on the percolation threshold could also provide useful information regarding the system characteristics. In line with that, a specific geometrical structure was employed to represent the clusters and assess the variation of the percolation threshold and characteristics of the polymer/particle interphase region. The findings were applied in an improved form of the percolation theory to perform validation against the related experimental data. Improvement was conducted by involving the impact of the newly estimated percolation threshold, aggregations/agglomerations, interphase region, and so forth. Also, specific theories were employed to define the electrical conductivity of the nanoparticle clusters and interphase region. The results showed that the percolation threshold is directly affected by the content of the nanoparticles and the characteristics of the aggregates/agglomerates. Besides, it was revealed that parameters, such as the size of nanoparticles, physical characteristics of the polymer matrix and interphase region, dispersion quality, etc. may substantially affect the percolation threshold and subsequently other physical properties of the system, such as electrical conductivity.Highlights
A structural approach toward understanding the percolation phenomenon.
Defining the particular dependence of percolation threshold on dispersion quality.
Estimating the content of aggregates/agglomerates using percolation theory.
Improving the percolation theory to predict the electrical conductivity.
Applying the scaling theory to define the electrical conductivity of the interphase.
Mixed Mode‐I/II interlaminar fracture toughness Characterization of woven Carbon–Kevlar interyarn hybrid textile composites
Authors: Sharma Pawan , Mali Harlal Singh , Dixit Anurag 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn actual service conditions, the composite structures are subjected to the combined effect of Mode‐I and Mode‐II loadings. It has great significance in the aerospace, defense, military, automobile, and marine sectors. This study aims to determine the Mixed Mode‐I/II interlaminar fracture toughness (ILFT) of plain and twill woven carbon, Kevlar monolithic, and interyarn hybrid textile composites under several hybridization schemes. The tailored properties are obtained using the interyarn hybridization of high stiff carbon yarn and high tough Kevlar yarn. The effect of individual yarn in the length direction in different hybrid composite laminates is carefully investigated. The Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT characterization is experimentally performed using a mixed mode bending (MMB) test specimen on the Instron 8862 system under 45%, 55%, and 65% Mixed Mode ratios (MMRs). The increase in mode mixture percentage decreases the lever length, increases the load‐bearing capacity, and increases the Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT of the MMB test specimen. Plain woven composites exhibited a higher ILFT than twill woven textile composites. The plain woven carbon–Kevlar hybrid composite laminate with carbon yarn‐in‐length direction shows the highest Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT after CP laminates. Hybridization significantly increases the Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT compared to monolithic Kevlar fabric‐reinforced composites. Moreover, the failure mechanisms are investigated using scanning electron microscopy.Highlights
Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT of carbon–Kevlar interyarn hybrid textile composites.
ILFT at nonlinearity (NL), VIS, and 5%/Max load points for 45%, 55%, and 65% MMR.
Advantage of placing carbon yarn‐in‐length direction in hybrid configurations.
Effect of carbon–Kevlar interyarn hybridization on Mixed Mode‐I/II ILFT.
Fractography of tested specimens to investigate several failure mechanisms.
Sorghum segmentation and leaf counting using in silico trained deep neural model
Authors: Ostermann Ian , Benes Bedrich , Gaillard Mathieu , Li Bosheng , Davis Jensina , Grove Ryleigh , Shrestha Nikee , Tross Michael C. , Schnable James C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel deep neural model for segmenting and tracking the number of leaves in sorghum plants in phenotyping facilities. Our algorithm inputs a sequence of images of a sorghum plant and outputs the segmented images and the number of leaves. The key novelty of our approach is in training the deep neural model. Manual annotations are tedious, and we have developed a procedural three‐dimensional (3D) sorghum model that provides detailed geometry and texture to generate photorealistic 3D models. The overall shape of the sorghum leaf geometry is determined by its skeleton, and it is detailed by a procedural model that varies its curvature, width, length, and overall shape. The color is determined by using a Monte Carlo path tracer. We mimic the illumination of the phenotyping facility and use reflectance and transmittance on sorghum surfaces to determine the color of the leaves. The 3D procedural model allows us to generate photorealistic and segmented images that we use to train a deep neural model. Our segmentation provides a mean intersection over union score of 0.51, resulting in leaf counting accuracy within the 90% confidence interval for the human counts.
Impact of N‐Terminal Domain Conformation and Domain Interactions on RfaH Fold Switching
Authors: Seifi Bahman , Wallin Stefan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRfaH is a two‐domain metamorphic protein involved in transcription regulation and translation initiation. To carry out its dual functions, RfaH relies on two coupled structural changes: Domain dissociation and fold switching. In the free state, the C‐terminal domain (CTD) of RfaH adopts an all‐α fold and is tightly associated with the N‐terminal domain (NTD). Upon binding to RNA polymerase (RNAP), the domains dissociate and the CTD transforms into an all‐β fold while the NTD remains largely, but not entirely, unchanged. We test the idea that a change in the conformation of an extended β‐hairpin (β3–β4) located on the NTD, helps trigger domain dissociation. To this end, we use homology modeling to construct a structure, H1, which is similar to free RfaH but with a remodeled β3–β4 hairpin. We then use an all‐atom physics‐based model enhanced with a dual basin structure‐based potential to simulate domain separation driven by the thermal unfolding of the CTD with NTD in a fixed, folded conformation. We apply our model to both free RfaH and H1. For H1 we find, in line with our hypothesis, that the CTD exhibits lower stability and the domains dissociate at a lower temperature T, as compared to free RfaH. We do not, however, observe complete refolding to the all‐β state in these simulations, suggesting that a change in β3–β4 orientation aids in, but is not sufficient for, domain dissociation. In addition, we study the reverse fold switch in which RfaH returns from a domain‐open all‐β state to its domain‐closed all‐α state. We observe a T‐dependent transition rate; fold switching is slow at low T, where the CTD tends to be kinetically trapped in its all‐β state, and at high‐T, where the all‐α state becomes unstable. Consequently, our simulations suggest an optimal T at which fold switching is most rapid. At this T, the stabilities of both folds are reduced. Overall, our study suggests that both inter‐domain interactions and conformational changes within NTD may be important for the proper functioning of RfaH.
Nitrogen‐Induced Microcrystalline‐to‐Nanocrystalline Structure Transition in Diamond Films Grown by Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition: Comparison of N2 and NH3 Precursors
Authors: Martyanov Artem , Tiazhelov Ivan , Voronov Valery , Savin Sergey , Popovich Alexey , Ralchenko Victor , Sedov Vadim 
Published: October 2024

The structure and properties of polycrystalline chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond coatings grown by microwave plasma CVD in H2–CH4 mixtures can be effectively controlled by nitrogen admixture in the process gas. Here, a comparative study of adding nitrogen from different precursors, N2 and ammonia NH3, in concentrations up to 0.4%vol on grain size, texture, surface roughness, and sp2/sp3 ratio of the produced films on Si substrates is performed. A transition from microcrystalline to smooth nanocrystalline diamond structure is found to occur at a certain concentration of the precursor, for NH3 this threshold concentration being much lower, 0.02–0.1%, than for N2. The higher activity of ammonia is associated with easier formation of cyano radicals in the plasma as detected with optical emission spectroscopy, in accord with the lower bond‐dissociation energy for NH3 compared to N2. On the contrary, a smaller addition (0.004%) of either N2 or NH3 promotes almost doubling of the growth rate, while preserving the microcrystalline structure of the film. The results establish ammonia as a convenient alternative precursor to commonly used N2 added in the plasma for the diamond film structure modifications.
Mathematical lipid correction of δ13C and effect of lipid extraction on δ15N of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) muscle
Authors: Lagarde Raphaël , Menniti Christophe , Teichert Nils , Amilhat Elsa , Faliex Elisabeth , Nahon Sarah 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRationaleCarbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope analysis is a powerful tool to investigate diverse questions in fish ecology, such as their trophic position or migration strategies. These questions appear particularly important to protect endangered European eel. However, elevated lipid content in eel muscle can bias δ13C values, as lipids are 13C‐depleted compared to proteins and carbohydrates.MethodsWe measured δ13C and δ15N values of bulk and lipid‐free samples of eel muscle. Lipid‐free samples were obtained after the extraction of lipids with cyclohexane. Lipid‐corrected δ13C values, using five different mathematical equations based on bulk δ13C values, were compared to lipid‐free δ13C values. We also evaluated the effect of lipid extraction on δ15N values. The analyses were based on linear regression performed on 333 individuals captured in nine lagoons and four rivers.ResultsIndependently to the capture site or habitat (river or lagoon), the predicted lipid‐corrected δ13C values were highly consistent with the measured lipid‐free δ13C values (R2 > 0.90). The application of specific equations for each habitat or capture site only slightly increases these R2 (1.5% or less). The lipid extraction treatment significantly decreased by 0.2‰ the δ15N values compared to bulk samples.ConclusionsGiven the excellent prediction of mathematical equations and the small decrease of δ15N values after lipids extraction, we propose to use mathematical correction to estimate δ13C values of eel muscle. As the habitats or sites did not strongly influence the results, the coefficients from our study can be applied to other studies on European eel.
The role of military directors in holding the CEO accountable for poor firm performance
Authors: Pavićević Stevo , Keil Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryWhy do some boards of directors dismiss the CEO when a firm performs poorly, while others do not? We argue that military directors—outside directors with military backgrounds—on the board increase the likelihood of CEO dismissal under low‐performance conditions. Military service instills a lifelong system of values and beliefs related to accountability—the obligation to accept responsibility for one's own actions and outcomes—which leads military directors to attribute low performance to the CEO and hold the CEO strictly accountable for such performance. This argument is supported by extensive quantitative data on CEO dismissal in publicly listed firms and qualitative data obtained from interviews with military directors who have served on boards of those firms.Managerial SummaryMilitary directors—outside directors with military backgrounds—frequently occupy seats on the boards of publicly listed firms in the United States. Military service instills an enduring system of values and beliefs rooted in accountability, which, we argue, makes military directors more inclined to attribute performance shortfalls to the CEO and advocate for more rigorous CEO accountability, resulting in CEO dismissal. Our argument is supported by quantitative data on CEO dismissals within publicly listed firms and qualitative data derived from interviews with military directors who have served on boards of those firms. Our findings underscore that principles ingrained via military service may influence corporate governance, particularly one of its core components: executive accountability.
The study on bond‐slip constitutive model of recycled concrete under different loading rates
Authors: He Zhenjun , Yang Jinpeng , Qin Jieqiong , Ma Yanni , Song Guojie , Han Xiu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIf recycled concrete is to be widely, reasonably, and safely applied in practical engineering, the study of bond‐slip performance between steel bars and concrete is crucial. In this paper, the central pull‐out test of recycled concrete under different loading rates was conducted. The characteristics of failure mode and crack directions of the specimens were observed and analyzed. The ultimate bond strength and slip displacement between rebar and concrete were analyzed. The effects of three parameters, namely concrete strength grades, replacement percentage of recycled coarse aggregate, and loading rates on the failure modes and bond‐slip mechanical properties of recycled concrete, were analyzed and summarized. The experimental results showed that there were significant differences in the influence trend and amplitude of the above three parameters on the ultimate bonding strength, slip amount, and slip curve. Based on the above experimental and theoretical analysis, a reasonable bond‐slip constitutive model was established in this paper and was in good agreement with the experimental results.
Adaptive Leadership for Multilevel Resilience in the Context of Disruptions
Authors: Latukha Marina , Yakovleva Polina , Yan Kaifeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between adaptive leadership and three levels of resilience: individual, team, and organizational. Developing multilevel resilience enables organizations to better anticipate conflicts and respond to environmental disruptions. Through correlation and regression analysis based on 148 respondents from companies in Russia, we build the relationship between adaptive leadership and three levels of resilience, unpacking the new role of leadership in shaping managerial responses to contextual change. The results suggest that adaptive leadership can positively influence all three levels of resilience, with adaptive leadership having the most significant impact on team resilience, then organizational resilience, leaving employee resilience behind. Such findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how exactly managerial mechanisms should be redesigned to overcome disruptions and develop leadership capabilities.
A Hexanuclear Gallium(III) Complex with a {GaIII6(μ‐OH)10} Core Supported by Two Naphthalenediolate‐Based Ligands
Authors: Böhm Maximilian , Stammler Anja , Oldengott Jan , Glaser Thorsten 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe have developed a family of 2,7‐disubstituted 1,8‐naphthalenediol ligands to pre‐organize two metal ions to the distance of two neighboring phosphate diesters of 6–7 Å in the DNA backbone by a rigid backbone. As complexes with divalent ions (CuII and NiII) bind to DNA, interferes DNA synthesis via PCR, and kills human cancer cells more efficiently than human stem cells of the same proliferation rate, we intended to increase the binding affinity by going from divalent to trivalent ions‐especially FeIII. Here, we apply GaIII as redox inactive model for FeIII and obtain for the first time a complex with trivalent ions. However, the structural characterization provides not a dinuclear GaIII complex, but a hexanuclear GaIII complex with a central {GaIII6(μ‐OH)10} core, that is yet unprecedented.
Approximate Distributed Monitoring Under Partial Synchrony: Balancing Speed & Accuracy
Authors: Bonakdarpour Borzoo , Momtaz Anik , Ničković Dejan , Saraç N. Ege 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn distributed systems with processes that do not share a global clock, partial synchrony is achieved by clock synchronization that guarantees bounded clock skew among all applications. Existing solutions for distributed runtime verification under partial synchrony against temporal logic specifications are exact but suffer from significant computational overhead. In this paper, we propose an approximate distributed monitoring algorithm for Signal Temporal Logic (STL) that mitigates this issue by abstracting away potential interleaving behaviors. This conservative abstraction enables a significant speedup of the distributed monitors, albeit with a tradeoff in accuracy. We address this tradeoff with a methodology that combines our approximate monitor with its exact counterpart, resulting in enhanced efficiency without sacrificing precision. We evaluate our approach with multiple experiments, showcasing its efficacy in both real-world applications and synthetic examples.
Random structures and automorphisms with a single orbit
Authors: Kikyo Hirotaka , Tsuboi Akito 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate the class of m-hypergraphs whose substructures with l elements have more than sm-element subsets that do not form a hyperedge. The class will have the free amalgamation property if s is small, but it does not if s is large. We find the boundary of s. Suppose the class has the free amalgamation property. In the case $$m \ge 3$$

m
≥
3

, we demonstrate that the random structure for the class has continuum-many automorphisms with a single orbit. The situation differs from the case of Henson graphs. In the case of generic hypergraphs constructed by Hrushovski’s method using a predimension function, we also demonstrate that they have no automorphisms with a single orbit.