bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of radiation therapy in the treatment of adult soft tissue sarcomas of the extremities: a long‐term community‐based cancer center experience
Authors: Kneisl Jeffrey S. , Ferguson Chad , Robinson Myra , Crimaldi Anthony , Ahrens Will , Symanowski James , Bates Michael , Ersek Jennifer L. , Livingston Michael , Patt Joshua , Kim Edward S. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of external beam radiotherapy (RT) in the treatment of extremity soft tissue sarcoma (STS) before or after limb‐sparing surgery (LSS) in a community‐based setting. Patients presenting to our institution from 1992 to 2010 and meeting eligibility criteria were stratified into low (G1) or high (G2, G3) pathologic grade and evaluated. Major complication events, including amputation, radiation‐induced sarcoma, and pathologic fracture, were assessed. Kaplan–Meier techniques and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used. One hundred and sixty‐two eligible patients underwent LSS for extremity STS (120 high grade, 42 low grade). Median time of follow‐up was 5.1 years (0.8–20.3 years). RT was administered to 111 patients. In unadjusted models, RT significantly decreased the risk of local recurrence (LR) in high‐grade STS patients (P = 0.005) and had a trend for improved recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (P = 0.069). In multivariable‐adjusted models, RT significantly improved time to LR (P = 0.001), RFS (P = 0.003), and overall survival (OS) (P = 0.003). Analysis of all patients showed those who underwent RT had a major complication rate (MCR) of 16.2%, compared to 3.9% in the no RT group (P = 0.037); however, the difference in MCR did not differ significantly when the analysis was restricted to high‐grade sarcomas. In our large experience of patients with extremity STS undergoing limb sparing surgery (LSS), RT significantly improved local recurrence (LR), RFS, and OS, in patients with high‐grade tumors. Efficacy benefits of RT should be weighed against potential complications. External beam RT should be considered in patients with resected high‐grade sarcomas.
Getting personal: A feminist argument for research aligned to therapeutic practice
Authors: Bondi Liz , Fewell Judith 
Published: February 2017

AbstractStudents and practitioners tend to assume that research requires them to set aside their embodied knowledge of practice and to produce radically different, objective and depersonalised forms of knowledge. Troubled by these assumptions, and coming from backgrounds within the humanities and social sciences shaped by critiques of this model of research, we offer personal stories through which to articulate and argue for a very different approach. Feminist critiques of science occupy a central place within our stories, which tell of the pull of the particular, the personal and the subjective, the importance of personally engaged, reflexive stories, and the influence of moving between disciplines. We understand the personal in research as inevitable, contextually located and deeply relational.
A Nonarchetypal 5,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐pyrano[3,2‐g]indolizine‐Based Solution‐Solid Dual Emissive AIEgen with Multicolor Tunability
Authors: Raghuvanshi Ashutosh , Jha Ajay Kumar , Sharma Ashutosh , Umar Shahida , Mishra Shachi , Kant Ruchir , Goel Atul 
Published: February 2017

AbstractScreening of a chemical library of pyranones and their ring transformed fluorophores led to the discovery of a novel 5,6‐dihydro‐2H‐pyrano[3,2‐g]indolizine (DPI) class of the luminogen DPI 7, which exhibited unique solution–solid dual emission (SSDE) behavior with an emission color shift from bright‐green in solution to a strong red emission in the solid state. The AIE mechanism of these luminogens revealed a well‐defined set of noncovalent interactions (CH⋅⋅⋅O and CH⋅⋅⋅N) that block the motion of C2‐flexure leading to restriction of intramolecular vibrations (RIV) in the solid state. DPI‐7 is the first example of solution–solid dual emissive RIV‐based AIEgen, which has great potential both in biomedical imaging and optoelectronic fields.
Metal–Organic‐Framework‐Derived Carbons: Applications as Solid‐Base Catalyst and Support for Pd Nanoparticles in Tandem Catalysis
Authors: Li Xinle , Zhang Biying , Fang Yuhui , Sun Weijun , Qi Zhiyuan , Pei Yuchen , Qi Shuyan , Yuan Pengyu , Luan Xuechen , Goh Tian Wei , Huang Wenyu 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe facile pyrolysis of a bipyridyl metal‐organic framework, MOF‐253, produces N‐doped porous carbons (Cz‐MOF‐253), which exhibit excellent catalytic activity in the Knoevenagel condensation reaction and outperform other nitrogen‐containing MOF‐derived carbons. More importantly, by virtue of their high Lewis basicity and porous nature, Cz‐MOF‐253‐supported Pd nanoparticles (Pd/Cz‐MOF‐253‐800) show excellent performance in a one‐pot sequential Knoevenagel condensation‐hydrogenation reaction.
Engineering of Ruthenium(II) Photosensitizers with Non‐Innocent Oxyquinolate and Carboxyamidoquinolate Ligands for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Ngo Ken T. , Lee Nicholas A. , Pinnace Sashari D. , Rochford Jonathan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn alternative approach to replacing the isothiocyantate ligands of the N3 photosensitizer with light‐harvesting bidentate ligands is investigated for application in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). An in‐depth theoretical analysis has been applied to investigate the optical and redox properties of four non‐innocent ligand platforms, which is then corroborated with experiment. Taking advantage of the 5‐ and 7‐positions of 8‐oxyquinolate, or the carboxyaryl ring system of the N‐arylcarboxy‐8‐amidoquinolate ligand, fluorinated aryl substituents are demonstrated as an effective means of tuning complex redox potentials and light‐harvesting properties. The non‐innocent character, resulting from mixing of both the central metal‐dπ and ligand‐π manifolds, generates hybrid metal–ligand frontier orbitals. These play a major role by contributing to the redox properties and visible electronic transitions, and promoting an improved power conversion efficiency in a Ru DSSC device featuring non‐innocent ligands.
Effect of Ti (III) Surface Defects on the Process of Photocatalytic Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium
Authors: Qin Hongxia , Bian Yingying , Zhang Yaxi , Liu Longfei , Bian Zhenfeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the process of photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium was investigated over Ti3+‐modified TiO2 photocatalysts. The Ti3+ surface defects were repaired by annealing as‐prepared sample at different temperatures to control the amount of Ti3+ sites. The samples were characterized by SEM, XRD, BET, UV–vis absorption, EPR and XPS. The results showed Ti3+ defects were successfully doped in TiO2. The surface selective adsorption of hexavalent chromium [Cr2O72− (Cr(VI))] and the desorption of trivalent chromium [Cr3+ (Cr(III))] were investigated during the process of photocatalytic reduction. Zeta potential results presented that the increased positive charges due to more Ti3+ defects on the surface show a significant improvement for adsorption of Cr(VI). Accordingly, the surface positive charges controlled by the Ti3+ defects play important roles in the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI).
Optic nerve, superior colliculus, visual thalamus, and primary visual cortex of the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus)
Authors: Turner Emily C. , Sawyer Eva K. , Kaas Jon H. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) are members of a diverse clade of carnivorous mammals known as pinnipeds. Pinnipeds are notable for their large, ape‐sized brains, yet little is known about their central nervous system. Both the northern elephant seal and California sea lion spend most of their lives at sea, but each also spends time on land to breed and give birth. These unique coastal niches may be reflected in specific evolutionary adaptations to their sensory systems. Here, we report on components of the visual pathway in these two species. We found evidence for two classes of myelinated fibers within the pinniped optic nerve, those with thick myelin sheaths (elephant seal: 9%, sea lion: 7%) and thin myelin sheaths (elephant seal: 91%, sea lion: 93%). In order to investigate the architecture of the lateral geniculate nucleus, superior colliculus, and primary visual cortex, we processed brain sections from seal and sea lion pups for Nissl substance, cytochrome oxidase, and vesicular glutamate transporters. As in other carnivores, the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus consisted of three main layers, A, A1, and C, while each superior colliculus similarly consisted of seven distinct layers. The sea lion visual cortex is located at the posterior side of cortex between the upper and lower banks of the postlateral sulcus, while the elephant seal visual cortex extends far more anteriorly along the dorsal surface and medial wall. These results are relevant to comparative studies related to the evolution of large brains.
Orthogonal topography in the parallel input architecture of songbird HVC
Authors: Elliott Kevin C. , Wu Wei , Bertram Richard , Hyson Richard L. , Johnson Frank 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNeural activity within the cortical premotor nucleus HVC (acronym is name) encodes the learned songs of adult male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata). HVC activity is driven and/or modulated by a group of five afferent nuclei (the Medial Magnocellular nucleus of the Anterior Nidopallium, MMAN; Nucleus Interface, NIf; nucleus Avalanche, Av; the Robust nucleus of the Arcopallium, RA; the Uvaeform nucleus, Uva). While earlier evidence suggested that HVC receives a uniformly distributed and nontopographic pattern of afferent input, recent evidence suggests this view is incorrect (Basista et al., ). Here, we used a double‐labeling strategy (varying both the distance between and the axial orientation of dual tracer injections into HVC) to reveal a massively parallel and in some cases topographic pattern of afferent input. Afferent neurons target only one rostral or caudal location within medial or lateral HVC, and each HVC location receives convergent input from each afferent nucleus in parallel. Quantifying the distributions of single‐labeled cells revealed an orthogonal topography in the organization of afferent input from MMAN and NIf, two cortical nuclei necessary for song learning. MMAN input is organized across the lateral‐medial axis whereas NIf input is organized across the rostral‐caudal axis. To the extent that HVC activity is influenced by afferent input during the learning, perception, or production of song, functional models of HVC activity may need revision to account for the parallel input architecture of HVC, along with the orthogonal input topography of MMAN and NIf.
Pressure‐Induced Photoluminescence Adjustment and Lattice Disorder in Monolayer WSe2
Authors: Gong Yuanbo , Zhou Qiang , Huang Xiaoli , Han Bo , Fu Xinpeng , Gao Hanxue , Li Fangfei , Cui Tian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPressure engineering is considered as a novel strategy to modulate the properties of transition metal dichalcogenide materials. Here, through photoluminescence (PL) and Raman measurements, we investigate the electronic band structure variation and lattice vibrational dynamics of monolayer tungsten diselenide (WSe2) under pressure. As the pressure increases, the energy of the direct Κ→Κ interband transition increases, whereas that of the indirect Λ→Κ interband transition decreases, leading to a significant transition from direct to indirect band gap at 3.8 GPa. With the increase of pressure, the intensity of the direct Κ→Κ interband transition constantly decreases and finally vanishes around 12.2 GPa. Moreover, a remarkable transition between A′ and LA(M) modes under pressure has been determined by virtue of Raman spectra variations, which indicate a pressure‐induced lattice disorder. This work provides a deep understanding of the intrinsic variation of WSe2 under pressure, which effectively facilitates the development of device applications.
A Simple and Mild Approach for the Synthesis of p‐Xylene from Bio‐Based 2,5‐Dimethyfuran by Using Metal Triflates
Authors: Ni Lingli , Xin Jiayu , Dong Huixian , Lu Xingmei , Liu Xiaomin , Zhang Suojiang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe production of aromatic platform chemicals from biomass‐derived feedstocks is of considerable importance in biomass conversion. However, the development of effective routes with simple steps and under mild conditions is still challenging. In this work, we report an original route for the direct synthesis of p‐xylene from 2,5‐dimethylfuran and acrylic acid catalyzed by scandium(III) triflate (Sc(OTf)3) in 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([Emim]NTf2) under mild conditions. An overall 63 % selectivity towards p‐xylene and 78 % selectivity towards aromatics were obtained at 90 % conversion of 2,5‐dimethylfuran by enhancing the dehydration and introducing an extra one‐pot decarboxylation step. Furthermore, various dienes and dienophiles were employed as reactants to extend the substrate scope. The aromatic compounds were obtained in moderate yields, which proved the potential of the method to be a generic approach for the conversion of bio‐based furanics into renewable aromatics.
Interconnected Network of Core–Shell CoP@CoBiPi for Efficient Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis under Near Neutral Conditions
Authors: Cui Liang , Qu Fengli , Liu Jingquan , Du Gu , Asiri Abdullah M. , Sun Xuping 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDeveloping earth‐abundant electrocatalysts for efficient and stable water oxidation under near neutral conditions is of great importance but still remains a key challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the development of an interconnected network of core–shell CoP@CoBiPi through anodic polarization of a CoP nanoarray in potassium borate aqueous electrolyte (KBi). This 3 D CoP@CoBiPi exhibits high catalytic activity for water oxidation at pH 9.2 and needs an overpotential (η) of only 410 mV to drive a geometrical catalytic current density of 10 mA cm−2, with a high turnover frequency of 819 h−1 at an overpotential of 610 mV. Remarkably, this catalyst also demonstrates high long‐term electrochemical stability with its activity being maintained for at least 27 h in KBi. This study provides us an attractive earth‐abundant 3 D catalyst electrode for water‐splitting devices toward efficient and stable water oxidation under benign conditions.
Quantitative Flow Cytometry: Concerns and Recommendations in Clinic and Research
Authors: Mizrahi Olga , Ish Shalom Eliran , Baniyash Michal , Klieger Yair 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundQuantitative flow cytometry (QFCM) can be an important element within the developing toolbox for clinical diagnostics which relies on precise and rapid tests that provide a conclusive answer for physicians. The FC technology combines all of these features. Until recently, this imperative discipline was based on qualitative assessments of cell populations. However, due to the enormous advancement in FC technology, which allows the quantification of a number of antigens on cell surface and within the cells by units of median fluorescence intensity (MFI), this method becomes meaningful and fits the clinical needs. Methods: On the basis of our experience in the field of quantitative FC, we wish to highlight some of the key concerns related to this methodology and suggest possible solutions for achieving uniform and standardized QFCM tests based on MFI. Results: Several parameters are responsible for inter and intra laboratory variations. The standardization of quantitative FC relies on three major components; Samples and reagents handling, FC maintenance and data analysis. The use of specialized beads as a part of the routine calibration process lowers inter‐test variability between different operators and different FC instruments. Similarly, the use of agreed biological controls contributes significantly to lowering test variability. Conclusions: The field of QFCM displays a significant part in the diagnostic clinical toolbox. We believe that the recommendations described herein can improve significantly the stability and accuracy of this method, thus assuring a more standardized cell analyses. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
How “suspicious” is that nodule? Review of “suspicious” Afirma gene expression classifier in high risk thyroid nodules
Authors: Roychoudhury Sudarshana , Klein Melissa , Souza Fabiola , Gimenez Cecilia , Laser Alice , Shaheen Cocker Rubina , Chau Karen , Das Kasturi 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe Afirma gene expression classifier (GEC) is being increasingly utilized to confirm the benign nature of indeterminate FNA cytology results thus avoiding unnecessary surgical procedures. However the “suspicious” result of the Afirma GEC does not classify these indeterminate nodules further in determining appropriate management. This study investigated the outcome of the thyroid nodules deemed to be “suspicious” by the Afirma GEC in a high risk population.MethodsThe pathology database was searched for all thyroid nodules with Afirma test results over a three year period, 2013–2015. All thyroid nodules with a “suspicious” Afirma GEC result were investigated. Patient medical records were retrospectively reviewed for clinical history, FNA results, radiologic findings, management and follow‐up.ResultsAfirma result was suspicious in 69 cases. On cytologic evaluation 3.0% of the cases were non diagnostic (ND), 9% benign, 62% AUS, and 26% suspicious for neoplasm (SN). There was no follow up in 13% of cases and 87% were resected (50% lobectomies and 50% total thyroidectomies). On surgical resection 82% were benign, with 45% follicular adenoma (FA), and 37% nodular goiter (NG). The remaining 18% were malignant.ConclusionThe rate of malignancy in nodules suspicious by Afirma was 18.3% (11/60). The rate of malignancy in nodules suspicious for neoplasm (SN) on cytology interpretation was 31.2% (5/16). False positive rate of Afirma was 56% (32/57). We conclude that cytology interpretation has a higher rate of predicting malignancy, in nodules interpreted as SN, when compared with the Afirma test, by almost twofold Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:308–311. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Maturation‐dependent control of vocal temporal plasticity in a songbird
Authors: Tachibana Ryosuke O. , Takahasi Miki , Hessler Neal A. , Okanoya Kazuo 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTBirdsong is a unique model to address learning mechanisms of the timing control of sequential behaviors, with characteristic temporal structures consisting of serial sequences of brief vocal elements (syllables) and silent intervals (gaps). Understanding the neural mechanisms for plasticity of such sequential behavior should be aided by characterization of its developmental changes. Here, we assessed the level of acute vocal plasticity between young and adult Bengalese finches, and also quantified developmental change in variability of temporal structure. Acute plasticity was tested by delivering aversive noise bursts contingent on duration of a target gap, such that birds could avoid the noise by modifying their song. We found that temporal variability of song features decreased with birds' maturation. Noise‐avoidance experiments demonstrated that maximal changes of gap durations were larger in young that in adult birds. After these young birds matured, the maximal change decreased to a similar level as adults. The variability of these target gaps also decreased as the birds matured. Such parallel changes suggest that the level of acute temporal plasticity could be predicted from ongoing temporal variability. Further, we found that young birds gradually began to stop their song at the target gap and restart from the introductory part of song, whereas adults did not. According to a synaptic chain model for timing sequence generation in premotor nuclei, adult learning would be interpreted as adaptive changes in conduction delays between chain‐to‐chain connections, whereas the learning of young birds could mainly depend on changes of the connections. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 995–1006, 2017
Electrical transmission: Two structures, same functions?
Authors: Pereda Alberto E. , Macagno Eduardo 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTElectrical synapses are finding increasing representation and importance in our understanding of signaling in the nervous system. In contrast to chemical synapses, at which molecules are evolutionary conserved, vertebrate and invertebrate electrical synapses represent molecularly different structures that share a common communicating strategy that allows them to serve very similar functions. A better understanding of differences and commonalities regarding the structure, function and regulation of vertebrate and invertebrate electrical synapses will lead to a better understanding of the properties and functional diversity of this modality of synaptic communication. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 517–521, 2017
Zebrafish transgenic constructs label specific neurons in Xenopus laevis spinal cord and identify frog V0v spinal neurons
Authors: Juárez‐Morales José L. , Martinez‐De Luna Reyna I. , Zuber Michael E. , Roberts Alan , Lewis Katharine E. 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACTA correctly functioning spinal cord is crucial for locomotion and communication between body and brain but there are fundamental gaps in our knowledge of how spinal neuronal circuitry is established and functions. To understand the genetic program that regulates specification and functions of this circuitry, we need to connect neuronal molecular phenotypes with physiological analyses. Studies using Xenopus laevis tadpoles have increased our understanding of spinal cord neuronal physiology and function, particularly in locomotor circuitry. However, the X. laevis tetraploid genome and long generation time make it difficult to investigate how neurons are specified. The opacity of X. laevis embryos also makes it hard to connect functional classes of neurons and the genes that they express. We demonstrate here that Tol2 transgenic constructs using zebrafish enhancers that drive expression in specific zebrafish spinal neurons label equivalent neurons in X. laevis and that the incorporation of a Gal4:UAS amplification cassette enables cells to be observed in live X. laevis tadpoles. This technique should enable the molecular phenotypes, morphologies and physiologies of distinct X. laevis spinal neurons to be examined together in vivo. We have used an islet1 enhancer to label Rohon‐Beard sensory neurons and evx enhancers to identify V0v neurons, for the first time, in X. laevis spinal cord. Our work demonstrates the homology of spinal cord circuitry in zebrafish and X. laevis, suggesting that future work could combine their relative strengths to elucidate a more complete picture of how vertebrate spinal cord neurons are specified, and function to generate behavior. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 77: 1007–1020, 2017