bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Simple Method to Determine Synchronous Machine Quantities Using Frequency Characteristics of Operational Impedances
Authors: TANAKA AKIRA , YAMAMOTO SHU , ARA TAKAHIRO , SAKAI KAZUTO , KOMURO SHUJI 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYThis paper presents a simple method for determining synchronous machine quantities: d‐ and q‐axes time constants and reactances. This method determines them only by drawing additional lines in the frequency characteristics of operational impedances. A new systematic drawing strategy for determining transient/subtransient open‐circuit time constants and the d‐axis transient reactance is proposed. The frequency characteristics of operational impedances are obtained by the standstill dc test using a small dc power supply. Since the rotational test becomes unnecessary, the proposed method is suitable for tests in a factory. The validity of the proposed method was demonstrated with a numerical calculation example on a large‐capacity machine (800 MVA, 25 kV, two poles, 60 Hz) and an implementation test on a small‐capacity machine (10 kVA, 200 V, 31.9 A, four poles, 50 Hz).
Migraine prevalence in inflammatory bowel disease patients: A tertiary‐care centre cross‐sectional study
Authors: Moisset X. , Bommelaer G. , Boube M. , Ouchchane L. , Goutte M. , Dapoigny M. , Dallel R. , Guttmann A. , Clavelou P. , Buisson A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundInflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are systemic, chronic inflammatory conditions that predominately affect the gastrointestinal tract and can induce abdominal pain. Besides, many IBD patients complain about headaches in daily practice. The objective was to assess the prevalence of headaches, including migraines and pain with neuropathic characteristics (NC), in IBD patients compared to historical controls from the general population.MethodsOverall, 203 consecutive tertiary‐care centre patients completed validated self‐administered questionnaires and benefitted from a clinical evaluation performed by an IBD physician at the same time.ResultsIn our cohort, 75% of the patients experienced pain in the previous 3 months. Migraine prevalence was two‐fold higher in IBD patients compared to the general population (41% vs. 21.3%, p < 0.001). Migraine was associated with a younger age, female gender and higher depression scores. Although migraine impact was very important for 30% of the patients (61/203), specific acute therapeutics were prescribed in only 22% of cases (18/83). Chronic pain with NC was more frequent than in the general population (11.3% vs. 6.9%, p = 0.012) and was strongly associated with the presence of extra‐intestinal manifestations (p < 0.001). Abdominal pain concerned 19% of the patients during the previous week and was, as expected, associated with disease activity.ConclusionsMigraine prevalence is strongly increased in IBD patients followed in tertiary care. A systematic screening for migraine should be done by IBD physicians in daily practice to provide adequate therapeutics. Further studies are needed to confirm whether migraine should be classified as IBD extra‐intestinal manifestations.SignificanceMigraine prevalence was two‐fold higher in IBD patients compared to the general population, was generally poorly treated and a systematic screening for migraine should be done by IBD physicians in daily practice to provide adequate therapeutics.
Determination of Manganese in Whole Blood by Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry with Indium Tin Oxide
Authors: Rusinek Cory A. , Kang Wenjing , Nahan Keaton , Hawkins Megan , Quartermaine Cooper , Stastny Angela , Bange Adam , Papautsky Ian , Heineman William R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractManganese (Mn) is a required trace metal in the body. In recent years however, it has garnered significant attention as a developmental neurotoxin in children with chronic exposure. It has been linked to complications such as memory loss with negatively associated IQ scores, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and in extreme cases, the development of a Parkinson's disease analogue‐manganism. Cathodic stripping voltammetry (CSV) has proven to be a suitable method for electroanalytical determination of Mn. We have established Mn CSV using indium tin oxide (ITO) as the working electrode for the determination of Mn in bovine whole blood after an acid digestion. Reliable, accurate, and precise results were obtained, as only 9 % variation in the digested blood was observed. The CSV results were compared with graphite‐furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GF‐AAS) and inductively coupled plasma‐ mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) and favorable agreement across the methods was observed. Due to ITO's excellent positive potential window and stability under harsh environments, this method could be applied to other oxide‐forming transition metals detectable by CSV.
The sequence stratigraphy and depositional characteristics of fan‐delta complexes in the Upper Bayingebi Member (Lower Cretaceous) in Chagan Sag, Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Tan Mingxuan , Zhu Xiaomin , Wei Wei , Wu Chenbingjie , Pan Rong 
Published: May 2017

The Chagan Sag is a small Early Cretaceous intracontinental passive rift subbasin in the Yingen‐Ejinaqi Basin Group generated on the Tianshan‐Xingmeng Orogenic Belt. The Lower Cretaceous strata contain the Bayingebi, Suhongtu, and Yingen formations deposited during the syn‐rift phase. The Wuliji Structural Zone bounded by a high‐dip syn‐sedimentary fault is an intensively studied area with an extent of ~300 km2 having abundant available subsurface dataset and great hydrocarbon potential. According to well‐ and seismic‐based sequence stratigraphic study, the Upper Bayingebi Member generally corresponds to a complete third‐order transgressive–regressive sequence in the Wuliji Structural Zone. The transgressive system tract gradually thins towards the north, but the regressive system tract covers the entire study area in this third‐order sequence. Further investigations reveal that tectonic subsidence and climate change are two predominant allogenic factors for controlling stratigraphic development in the Wuliji Structural Zone.During the deposition of the Upper Bayingebi Member, transverse gravity flow dominated fan‐delta complexes sourced from the Maodun Subuplift are well developed in the Wuliji Structural Zone. The retrogradational conical fan deltas are mainly located in the southern sector during the transgressive system tract stage, but the progradational Gilbert‐type fan deltas are widely developed during the regressive system tract stage. The sedimentary evolution and stratigraphic architecture are directly linked with preexisting topography, accommodation, and sediment supply. In addition, climate change and vegetation types are thought to be critical controls for fluid properties originated from feeder drainage systems and depositional processes of the construction of fan‐delta complexes in the distinct system tracts.
Amyloid is essential but insufficient for Alzheimer causation: addition of subcellular cofactors is required for dementia
Authors: Fessel Jeffrey 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to examine the hypotheses stating the importance of amyloid or of its oligomers in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD).MethodsPublished studies were examined.ResultsThe importance of amyloid in the pathogenesis of AD is well established, yet accepting it as the main cause for AD is problematic, because amyloid‐centric treatments have provided no clinical benefit and about one‐third of cognitively normal, older persons have cerebral amyloid plaques. Also problematic is the alternative hypothesis that, instead of amyloid plaques, it is oligomers of amyloid precursor protein that cause AD.Evidence is presented suggesting amyloid/oligomers as necessary but insufficient causes of the dementia and that, for dementia to develop, requires the addition of cofactors known to be associated with AD. Those cofactors include several subcellular processes: mitochondrial impairments; the Wnt signaling system; the unfolded protein response; the ubiquitin proteasome system; the Notch signaling system; and tau, calcium, and oxidative damage.ConclusionsA modified amyloid/oligomer hypothesis for the pathogenesis of AD is that activation of one or more of the aforementioned cofactors creates a burden of functional impairments that, in conjunction with amyloid/oligomers, now crosses a threshold of dysfunction that results in clinical dementia. Of considerable importance, several treatments that might reverse the activation of some of the subcellular processes are available, for example, lithium, pioglitazone, erythropoietin, and prazosin; they should be given in combination in a clinical trial to test their safety and efficacy. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring change in perceived well‐being of family caregivers: validation of the Spanish version of the Perceived Change Index (PCI‐S) in Chilean dementia caregivers
Authors: Aravena José M. , Albala Cecilia , Gitlin Laura N. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveFew instruments evaluate family caregiver perceptions of challenges caring for persons with dementia and improvement or worsening in these areas. To address this measurement gap, we examine psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the 13‐item Perceived Change Index (PCI‐S), originally validated with English‐speaking caregivers.MethodsCross‐sectional study with 94 caregivers of persons with mild to moderate dementia in Chile. Interviews included caregiver demographics, burden, health perception, distress with behaviours, dementia severity, behavioural symptoms and functionality.ResultsCaregiver mean age was 55.9 (SD ± 14.14) years and mean years caregiving was 3 (SD ± 2.60). The scale had strong internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.94), and inter‐observer consistency (CCI = 0.99; 95% CI = 0.95–0.99). Two factors were identified: Management skills (α = 0.89), and somatic well‐being and affects (α = 0.92), explaining 63% of scale variance. Significant associations supporting convergent validity were observed for PCI‐S and subscales with caregiver burden (p < 0.01), health perceptions (p < 0.01), depressive symptoms (p < 0.01) and distress with behaviours (p < 0.01); and in persons with dementia, functionality (p < 0.05), dementia severity (p < 0.05) and behavioural symptoms (p < 0.01) in expected directions. In logistic regression models, perceived worsening (PCI‐S and subscale scores) was associated with more behavioural symptoms (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.03–1.15) and caregiver burden (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.18–1.86); whereas perceived improvement was associated with higher physical functioning (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91–0.99) in persons with dementia. PCI‐S scores were not associated with socio‐demographic characteristics reflecting divergent validity.ConclusionsSpanish version of the 13‐item Perceived Change Index and its two‐factor solution is a valid and reliable measure with clinical utility to detect improvement or worsening in caregivers concerning daily care challenges. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of vascular risk factors on cognitive function in early Parkinson's disease
Authors: Doiron Maxime , Langlois Mélanie , Dupré Nicolas , Simard Martine 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesHypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and obesity are well‐established risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementia in older adults. In contrast, previous studies that have assessed the impact of vascular risk factors (VRFs) on cognition in Parkinson's disease (PD) have had methodological limitations and reported conflicting findings. We address this question in a large well‐characterized cohort of de novo PD patients.MethodsA total of 367 untreated and non‐demented patients aged 50 years and older with early PD (H&Y = 1.0–2.0) underwent a comprehensive clinical and neuropsychological assessment at baseline and 24 months later. A series of linear mixed models were used to determine the effects of VRFs on cognition while controlling for patient and disease characteristics. The outcomes included norm‐referenced Z‐scores of global cognition, visuospatial skills, verbal episodic memory, semantic verbal fluency, attention, and working memory tests.ResultsA longer history of hypertension and a higher pulse pressure were significant predictors of lower Z‐scores on immediate and delayed free recall, recognition, and verbal fluency tests. On average, every 10 mmHg increase in pulse pressure was associated with a 0.08 reduction on the cognitive Z‐scores. The effects were independent of age, education, disease duration, motor impairment, medication, and depressive symptoms. Other VRFs were not associated with cognitive outcomes.ConclusionsOur results are consistent with previous studies suggesting that hypertension exerts a detrimental effect on memory and verbal fluency in early PD. Management of blood pressure and cardiovascular health may be important to reduce risk of cognitive decline in PD. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Domain‐specific cognitive impairment in non‐demented Parkinson's disease psychosis
Authors: Hinkle Jared T. , Perepezko Kate , Bakker Catherine C. , Dawson Ted M. , Johnson Vanessa , Mari Zoltan , Marvel Cherie L. , Mills Kelly A. , Pantelyat Alexander , Pletnikova Olga , Rosenthal Liana S. , Shepard Melissa D. , Stevens Daniel A. , Troncoso Juan C. , Wang Jiangxia , Pontone Gregory M. 
Published: May 2017

IntroductionIn Parkinson's disease (PD), psychosis is associated with cognitive impairment that may be more profound in particular cognitive domains. Our goal was to determine whether psychosis in non‐demented PD participants is associated with domain‐specific cognitive impairment on the Mini‐Mental State Exam (MMSE).MethodsThe Morris K. Udall Parkinson's Disease Research Center of Excellence Longitudinal Study at Johns Hopkins is a prospective study that was initiated in 1998. Clinical assessments are conducted at two‐year intervals at the Johns Hopkins Hospital. We analyzed data from 137 enrolled participants with idiopathic PD. Psychosis diagnoses were established by psychiatrist interview per DSM‐IV criteria. An incident dementia diagnosis resulted in exclusion from analysis for that evaluation and any future evaluations in that participant. We used logistic regression with generalized estimated equations (GEE) to model the time‐varying relationship between MMSE subscale scores and psychosis, adjusting for potential confounding variables identified through univariable analysis.ResultsThirty‐one unique psychosis cases were recorded among non‐demented participants. Fifty total evaluations with psychosis present were analyzed. In multivariable regressions, psychosis was associated with lower scores on the orientation (relative odds ratio, rOR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.58–0.93; p = 0.011), language (rOR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.48–0.86; p = 0.003), and intersecting pentagon (rOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.20–0.92 p = 0.030) subscales of the MMSE.ConclusionsIn PD, executive dysfunction, disorientation, and impaired language comprehension may be associated with psychosis. Our findings suggest that the corresponding MMSE subscales may be useful in identifying participants with a higher likelihood of developing psychosis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of JAK2V617F‐positive essential thrombocythaemia and early primary myelofibrosis: The impact of mutation burden and histology
Authors: Latagliata Roberto , Polverelli Nicola , Tieghi Alessia , Palumbo Giuseppe Alberto , Breccia Massimo , Sabattini Elena , Villari Loredana , Riminucci Mara , Valli Riccardo , Catani Lucia , Alimena Giuliana , Ottaviani Emanuela , Fama Angelo , Martinelli Giovanni , Perricone Margherita , Spinsanti Marco , Cavo Michele , Vianelli Nicola , Palandri Francesca 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAn accurate histological diagnosis may distinguish essential thrombocythaemia (ET) from early primary myelofibrosis (early‐PMF), which is associated with worse outcome. Outcome of ET is also negatively affected by the presence of the JAK2V617F mutation. To investigate the impact of JAK2V617F mutation burden and histology on outcome, we collected 475 WHO‐diagnosed ET (69.2%) or early‐PMF JAK2V617F‐positive patients followed in 4 Italian haematology centers. JAK2V617F allele burden was ≤50% in 90% and 87% of ET and early‐PMF patients, respectively (P = .34). During follow‐up, 32 (9.7%) ET and 18 (12.3%) early‐PMF patients experienced 59 thrombotic events, and 27 patients (5.6%) and 6 (1.2%) patients evolved to myelofibrosis and acute leukemia, respectively. At last contact, 28 (5.8%) patients had died. In early‐PMF compared to ET, the 10‐year mortality rates (6.7% and 4.3%, P = .73), leukemic transformation rates (1.4% and 1.2%, P = .45), and thrombosis rates (16.7% and 12.2%, P = .12) were comparable. Only progression to overt myelofibrosis at 10 years was significantly worse (11.4% and 1.5%, P = .004). In multivariate analysis, a higher (>50%) JAK2V617F burden was significantly correlated with fibrotic progression and histology. Considering JAK2V617F‐positive disease, a higher (>50%) JAK2V617F burden and histological classification are independent prognostic risk factors for disease progression. These findings reinforce the need for standardized detection of this mutation.
Temporal change of spatial heterogeneity and its effect on regional trend of annual precipitation heterogeneity indices
Authors: Zhang Runrun , Chen Xi , Wang Huimin , Cheng Qinbo , Zhang Zhicai , Shi Peng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA statistical test on climate and hydrological series from different spatial resolution could obtain different regional trend due to spatial heterogeneity and its temporal variability. In this study, annual series of the precipitation heterogeneity indices of concentration index (CI) and the number of wet days (NW) along with annual total amount of precipitation were calculated based on at‐site daily precipitation series during 1962–2011 in the headwater basin of the Huaihe River, China. The regional trends of the indices were first detected based on at‐site series by using the aligned and intrablock methods, and field significance tests that consider spatial heterogeneity over sites. The detected trends were then compared with the trends of the regional index series derived from daily areal average precipitation (DAAP), which averages at‐site differences and thus neglects spatial heterogeneity. It was found that the at‐site‐based regional test shows increasing trends of CI and NW in the basin, which follows the test on individual sites that most of sites were characterized by increasing CI and NW. However, the DAAP‐derived regional series of CI and NW were tested to show a decreasing trend. The disparity of the regional trend test on at‐site‐based regional series and the DAAP‐derived regional series arises from a temporal change of the spatial heterogeneity, which was quantified by the generalized additive models for location, scale, and shape. This study highlights that compared with averaging indices, averaging at‐site daily precipitation could lead to an error in the regional trend inference on annual precipitation heterogeneity indices. More attention should be paid to temporal variability in spatial heterogeneity when data at large scales are used for regional trend detection on hydro‐meteorological events associated with intra‐annual heterogeneity.
High heparin content surface‐modified polyurethane discs promote rapid and stable angiogenesis in full thickness skin defects through VEGF immobilization
Authors: McLuckie Michelle , Schmidt Christian A. , Oosthuysen Anel , Sanchez‐Macedo Nadia , Merker Hannes , Bezuidenhout Deon , Hoerstrup Simon P. , Lindenblatt Nicole 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional scaffolds have the capacity to serve as an architectural framework to guide and promote tissue regeneration. Parameters such as the type of material, growth factors, and pore dimensions are therefore critical in the scaffold's success. In this study, heparin has been covalently bound to the surface of macroporous polyurethane (PU) discs via two different loading methods to determine if the amount of heparin content had an influence on the therapeutic affinity loading and release of (VEGF165) in full thickness skin defects. PU discs (5.4 mm diameter, 300 µm thickness, and interconnected pore size of 150 µm) were produced with either a low (2.5 mg/g) or high (6.6 mg/g) heparin content (LC and HC respectively), and were implanted into the modified dorsal skin chamber (MDSC) of C57BL/6 J mice with and without VEGF. Both low‐ and high‐content discs with immobilized VEGF165 (LCV and HCV, respectively) presented accelerated neovascularization and tissue repair in comparison to heparin discs alone. However, the highest angiogenetic peak was on day 7 with subsequent stabilization for HCV, whereas other groups displayed a delayed peak on day 14. We therefore attribute the superior performance of HCV due to its ability to hold more VEGF165, based on its increased heparin surface coverage, as also demonstrated in VEGF elution dynamics. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2543–2550, 2017.
The zebrafish embryo as a model to quantify early inflammatory cell responses to biomaterials
Authors: Zhang Xiaolin , Stockhammer Oliver. W. , de Boer Leonie , Vischer Norbert. O. E , Spaink Herman. P. , Grijpma Dirk. W. , Zaat Sebastian. A. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractTo rapidly assess early inflammatory cell responses provoked by biomaterials in the full complexity of the living organism, we developed a zebrafish embryo model which allows real time analysis of these responses to biomaterial microspheres. Fluorescently labeled microspheres with different properties were injected into embryos of selected transgenic zebrafish lines expressing distinct fluorescent proteins in their neutrophils and macrophages. Recruitment of leukocytes and their interactions with microspheres were monitored using fluorescence microscopy. We developed a novel method using ImageJ and the plugin ObjectJ project file “Zebrafish‐Immunotest” for rapid and semi‐automated fluorescence quantification of the cellular responses. In the embryo model we observed an ordered inflammatory cell response to polystyrene and poly (ε‐caprolactone) microspheres, similar to that described for mammalian animal models. The responses were characterized by an early infiltration of neutrophils followed by macrophages, and subsequent differentially timed migration of these cells away from the microspheres. The size of microspheres (10 and 15 µm) did not influence the cellular responses. Poly (ε‐caprolactone) microspheres provoked a stronger infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages than polystyrene microspheres did. Our study shows the potential usefulness of zebrafish embryos for in vivo evaluation of biomaterial‐associated inflammatory cell responses. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2522–2532, 2017.