bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of Wnt Signaling by Mechanical Loading Is Impaired in the Bone of Old Mice
Authors: Holguin Nilsson , Brodt Michael D , Silva Matthew J 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Aging diminishes bone formation engendered by mechanical loads, but the mechanism for this impairment remains unclear. Because Wnt signaling is required for optimal loading-induced bone formation, we hypothesized that aging impairs the load-induced activation of Wnt signaling. We analyzed dynamic histomorphometry of 5-month-old, 12-month-old, and 22-month-old C57Bl/6JN mice subjected to multiple days of tibial compression and corroborated an age-related decline in the periosteal loading response on day 5. Similarly, 1 day of loading increased periosteal and endocortical bone formation in young-adult (5-month-old) mice, but old (22-month-old) mice were unresponsive. These findings corroborated mRNA expression of genes related to bone formation and the Wnt pathway in tibias after loading. Multiple bouts (3 to 5 days) of loading upregulated bone formation–related genes, e.g., Osx and Col1a1, but older mice were significantly less responsive. Expression of Wnt negative regulators, Sost and Dkk1, was suppressed with a single day of loading in all mice, but suppression was sustained only in young-adult mice. Moreover, multiple days of loading repeatedly suppressed Sost and Dkk1 in young-adult, but not in old tibias. The age-dependent response to loading was further assessed by osteocyte staining for Sclerostin and LacZ in tibia of TOPGAL mice. After 1 day of loading, fewer osteocytes were Sclerostin-positive and, corroboratively, more osteocytes were LacZ-positive (Wnt active) in both 5-month-old and 12-month-old mice. However, although these changes were sustained after multiple days of loading in 5-month-old mice, they were not sustained in 12-month-old mice. Last, Wnt1 and Wnt7b were the most load-responsive of the 19 Wnt ligands. However, 4 hours after a single bout of loading, although their expression was upregulated threefold to 10-fold in young-adult mice, it was not altered in old mice. In conclusion, the reduced bone formation response of aged mice to loading may be due to failure to sustain Wnt activity with repeated loading. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bone Mineral Density Is Positively Related to Carotid Intima-Media Thickness: Findings From a Population-Based Study in Adolescents and Premenopausal Women
Authors: Frysz Monika , Deere Kevin , Lawlor Debbie A , Benfield Li , Tobias Jon H , Gregson Celia L 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are both common causes of morbidity and mortality. Previous studies, mainly of people older than 60 years, suggest a relationship between these conditions. Our aim was to determine the association between bone characteristics and CVD markers in younger and middle-aged individuals. Women (n = 3366) and their adolescent offspring (n = 4368) from the UK population-based cohort study, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), were investigated. We measured total body (TB) and hip bone mineral density (BMD), TB bone area (BA) and bone mineral content (BMC) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) by high-resolution ultrasound. Arterial distensibility was calculated as the difference between systolic and diastolic arterial diameters. Linear regression determined associations between bone exposures and cIMT (in adolescents) and both cIMT and arterial distensibility (in women), generating partial correlation coefficients. Mean (SD) age of women was 48 (4.2) years, body mass index (BMI) was 26.2 (5.0) kg/m2, and 71% were premenopausal. In confounder-adjusted analyses (age, height, lean mass, fat mass, menopause, smoking, estrogen replacement, calcium/vitamin D supplementation, and education) TB and hip BMD were both positively associated with cIMT (0.071 [0.030, 0.112], p = 0.001; 0.063 [0.025, 0.101], p = 0.001, respectively). Femoral neck BMD and TB BMD, BMC, and BA were positively associated with arterial distensibility. Mean (SD) age of adolescents was 17 (0.4) years, BMI was 23 (4.1) kg/m2, and 44.5% were male. Total hip and TB measurements were positively associated with cIMT, with similar magnitudes of association to those found in their mothers. In contrast to most published findings, we identified weak positive associations between BMD and cIMT in predominantly premenopausal women and their adolescent offspring. We found greater femoral neck BMD and TB DXA measurements to be associated with reduced arterial stiffness. Rather than a relationship with preclinical atherosclerosis, in these relatively young populations, we speculate our associations between BMD, cIMT, and arterial distensibility may reflect a shared relationship between bone and vascular growth and development. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Targeted Transcriptional Profiling of Microdissected Biopsy Specimens Representing Early Colonic Neoplasia
Authors: Mo Allen , Jackson Stephen , Devers Thomas J. , Rosenberg Daniel W. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTOur incomplete understanding of the critical changes that accompany the earliest stages of tumor initiation provides a substantial hurdle for the development of novel intervention strategies for cancer prevention. Premalignant lesions are inherently difficult to characterize given their diminutive size, creating technical obstacles for accurate genetic profiling. Here, we describe an approach combining laser‐capture microdissection (LCM) with targeted RNA‐sequencing to study the transcriptional state of epithelial and stromal cells during the earliest detectable stage of human colorectal neoplasia, the aberrant crypt foci (ACF). We provide a robust and reproducible workflow for RNA isolation, library preparation, and expression profiling of laser‐captured cells from frozen OCT‐embedded tissue specimens. It is anticipated that the methodological approach outlined in this report will provide a framework for a broad range of microgenomics analyses that can be routinely applied to many other premalignant tissues. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2677–2681, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large‐scale Enrichment of Sulfur‐containing Acid in Acetonitrile Using Triazine Analog as the Derivatizing Reagent for Desorption from Humic‐fraction‐modified Silica Gel
Authors: Hu Shun‐Wei , Chen Shushi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe analog of triazine is used as the derivatizing reagent for enriching large‐scale acid (e.g. amino acid) containing a sulfur atom on the humic‐fraction‐modified silica gel in acetonitrile and desorbing from the adsorbent in hexane, respectively. The percent yield of the chemical derivatization under alkaline conditions, ranging from about 8 to almost 100 %, is pH dependent, and varies significantly among these examined analytes, believed to be due to the structure of the analyte, not the derivatizing reagent. The percentage of enrichment, not reproducible under an aqueous environment and independent of the type of triazine analogs, reaches almost 100 % in all cases. The force leading to the adsorption is the complexation between carboxyl groups on analyte and a humic‐fraction‐modified adsorbent based on the adsorption equilibrium results. Consequently, these results are not reproducible under ethyl ether or methanol environments due to the competition for binding sites from solvent molecules.
Evaluating the Effect of Radiation Damage on the Photocatalytic Performance of H2+‐implanted Hematite Electrodes
Authors: Qin Kun , Chen Chien‐Hsu , Li Jianrong , Hsieh Yi‐Kong , Wang TsingHai , Wang Chu‐Fang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe content of oxygen vacancy in hematite is known to play an important role in photocurrent enhancement. We found that implanting high energy H2+ to hematite photoelectrodes indeed injected additional oxygen vacancy and thus the conductivity of hematite was increased. However, inevitable radiation damage on the other hand distorted hematite lattice structure. Although post annealing will relax the lattice distortion to a certain degree, most implanted and post annealed hematite photoelectrodes exhibited deteriorated photocatalytic activities than the one without implantation. It seems that structure engineering is more effective in photocurrent enhancement than the injection of additional oxygen vacancy.
Closed form of topographic elevation in the context of interferometric synthetic aperture
Authors: Maakouf Z. , Redada S. , Benslama M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article deals with the large problem of interferometric synthetic aperture. Our analysis begins with the study of transverse distance influence and the orientation of the interferometric baseline. The processing of elevation problem solving relative to the horizontal resolution of conventional synthetic aperture radar has been carried out, including its ambiguity to choose the optimum parameters of the interferometer and thus improve the surface topography. We found out indeed that when we take a picture of the earth's surface at an angle of inclination of the baseline α = π / 4, the best results are obtained. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Availability and dose response of phytophenols from a wheat bran rich cereal product in healthy human volunteers
Authors: Neacsu Madalina , McMonagle Jolene , Fletcher Reg J. , Hulshof Toine , Duncan Sylvia H. , Scobbie Lorraine , Duncan Gary J. , Cantlay Louise , Horgan Graham , de Roos Baukje , Duthie Garry G. , Russell Wendy R. 
Published: June 2016

ScopePhytophenols present in cereals are metabolised to compounds that could be partly responsible for the reduced risk of chronic diseases and all‐cause mortality associated with fibre‐rich diets. The bioavailability, form and in vivo concentrations of these metabolites require to be established.Materials and methodsEight healthy volunteers consumed a test meal containing a recommended dose (40 g) and high dose (120 g) of ready‐to‐eat wheat bran cereal and the systemic and colonic metabolites determined quantitatively by LC‐MS.ConclusionAnalysis of the systemic metabolomes demonstrated that a wide range of phytophenols were absorbed/excreted (43 metabolites) within 5 h of consumption. These included 16 of the 21 major parent compounds identified in the intervention product and several of these were also found to be significantly increased in the colon. Not all of the metabolites were increased with the higher dose, suggesting some limitation in absorption due to intrinsic factors and/or the food matrix. Many compounds identified (e.g. ferulic acid and major metabolites) exhibit anti‐inflammatory activity and impact on redox pathways. The combination of postprandial absorption and delivery to the colon, as well as hepatic recycling of the metabolites at these concentrations, is likely to be beneficial to both systemic and gut health.
A phase II study of clinical activity of SCH 717454 (robatumumab) in patients with relapsed osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma
Authors: Anderson Peter M. , Bielack Stefan S. , Gorlick Richard G. , Skubitz Keith , Daw Najat C. , Herzog Cynthia E. , Monge Odd R. , Lassaletta Alvaro , Boldrini Erica , Pápai Zsuzanna , Rubino Joseph , Pathiraja Kumudu , Hille Darcy A. , Ayers Mark , Yao Siu‐Long , Nebozhyn Michael , Lu Brian , Mauro David 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundRobatumumab (19D12; MK‐7454 otherwise known as SCH717454) is a fully human antibody that binds to and inhibits insulin‐like growth factor receptor‐1 (IGF‐1R). This multiinstitutional study (P04720) determined the safety and clinical efficacy of robatumumab in three separate patient groups with resectable osteosarcoma metastases (Group 1), unresectable osteosarcoma metastases (Group 2), and Ewing sarcoma metastases (Group 3).ProcedureRobatumumab infusions were administered every 2 weeks and were well tolerated with minimal toxicity. Centrally reviewed response data were available for 144 patients.ResultsLow disease burden was important for osteosarcoma response: three of 31 patients had complete response or partial response (PR) by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) in resectable patients (Group 1) versus zero of 29 in unresectable patients (Group 2); median overall survival was 20 months in Group 1 versus 8.2 months in Group 2. In centrally reviewed patients with Ewing sarcoma with PET‐CT data (N = 84/115), there were six PR, 23 stable disease, and 55 progression of disease by RECIST at 2 months. Patients with Ewing sarcoma had a median overall survival of 6.9 months. However, responding patients with Ewing sarcoma were allowed to continue on treatment after study closure. A minority of patients with metastatic Ewing sarcoma showed clinical responses and have remained healthy after receiving 25–115 doses of robatumumab with remissions of >4 years duration (N = 6).ConclusionsThese findings show that although the IGF‐1R remains an attractive treatment target, additional research is needed to identify responders and/or means to achieve durable remissions in order to successfully exploit IGF‐1R signal blockade in Ewing sarcoma (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT00617890).
Impaired glucose metabolism and bronchial hyperresponsiveness in obese prepubertal asthmatic children
Authors: Karampatakis Nikolaos , Karampatakis Theodoros , Galli‐Tsinopoulou Assimina , Kotanidou Eleni P. , Tsergouli Katerina , Eboriadou‐Petikopoulou Maria , Haidopoulou Katerina 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIntroduction: The prevalence of asthma and obesity has risen in parallel over the last decades, but the exact mechanisms linking these two diseases still remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the associations between bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR), impaired glucose metabolism, obesity, and asthma in prepubertal children. Methods: A total of 71 prepubertal children were included in the study and divided in four groups according to the presence of asthma and their Body Mass Index (BMI): Group 1‐Healthy Controls (HC), Group 2‐Non Obese Asthmatics (NOA), Group 3‐Obese Non Asthmatics (ONA), Group 4‐Obese Asthmatics (OA) Αll children underwent spirometry and bronchial hyperresponsiveness testing by using the cumulative Provoking Dose of mannitol (PD15, primary study variable); homeostasis model assessment‐estimated insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) index was calculated in order to evaluate insulin resistance. Obese children also underwent an oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT). Results: A statistically significant difference in bronchial hyperreactivity (mean ± SD) was detected in the group of obese asthmatic children who had lower values ​​of PD15, (174.16 ± 126.42) as compared to normal weight asthmatic children (453.93 ± 110.27), (P < 0.001). Moreover, obese asthmatic children with confirmed insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR ≥2.5), had significantly lower PD15 values (89.05 ± 42.75) as ​​compared to those with HOMA‐IR <2.5 (259.27 ± 125.75), (P = 0.006). Finally, obese asthmatic children with impaired OGTT had likewise significantly lower PD15 (81.02 ± 42.16) measurements as compared to children with normal OGTT (267.3 ± 112.62), (P = 0.001). Conclusion: Our findings suggest that obesity per se does not correlate to airway hyperreactivity unless it is accompanied by glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:160–166. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Lead‐free mesoscopic Cs2SnI6 perovskite solar cells using different nanostructured ZnO nanorods as electron transport layers
Authors: Qiu Xiaofeng , Jiang Yanan , Zhang Hailiang , Qiu Zhiwen , Yuan Shuai , Wang Ping , Cao Bingqiang 
Published: June 2016

Lead‐free and more air‐stable perovskite Cs2SnI6 absorber with a direct bandgap of 1.48 eV is synthesized via a modified solution process. Different nanostructured ZnO nanorod arrays as electron transport layers and hole blocking layers are grown by controlling the seed layer and used to fabricate mesoscopic perovskite solar cells with Cs2SnI6 as light absorber layer. The influences of ZnO seed layers and nanorod morphology on the device photovoltaic performance were also investigated. With careful control of ZnO nanorod length and pore size to ensure high loading of the Cs2SnI6 absorber, we achieved power conversion efficiency of near 1%.
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Performance‐based plastic design method for tall hybrid coupled walls
Authors: Chan‐Anan Watchara , Leelataviwat Sutat , Goel Subhash C. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe research presented herein involves a performance‐based design method for a tall hybrid coupled wall (HCW) system. For this study, HCW structures were designed with a performance‐based plastic design (PBPD) method. This approach directly accounts for inelastic structural behavior and considers design lateral force distribution at ultimate limit state. The design concept uses a pre‐selected target drift and yield mechanism as key performance limit states. The yield mechanism consists of shear yielding in the coupling beams and flexural yielding of reinforced concrete walls at the bases. HCW structures with varying heights and coupling ratios (CRs) were designed and subjected to a series of nonlinear dynamic analyses. The results indicated that the CR strongly influences the response of the structure. The structures could also be under‐designed when the inelastic distribution of lateral forces owing to higher modes was not properly considered. Finally, a design method to account for higher mode effects within the PBPD framework was presented. The method was validated using the results from nonlinear analyses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using network coding to achieve the capacity of deterministic relay networks with relay messages
Authors: Zewail Ahmed A. , Mohasseb Yahya , Nafie Mohammed , El Gamal Hesham 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we derive the capacity of the deterministic relay networks with relay messages. We consider a network that consists of five nodes, four of which can only communicate via the fifth one. However, the fifth node is not merely a relay as it may exchange private messages with the other network nodes. First, we develop an upper bound on the capacity region based on the notion of a single‐sided genie. In the course of the achievability proof, we also derive the deterministic capacity of a four‐user relay network (without private messages at the relay). The capacity achieving schemes use a combination of two network coding techniques: the simple ordering scheme and detour scheme. In the simple ordering scheme, we order the transmitted bits at each user such that the bi‐directional messages will be received at the same channel level at the relay, while the basic idea behind the detour scheme is that some parts of the message follow an indirect paths to their respective destinations. This paper, therefore, serves to show that user cooperation and network coding can enhance throughput, even when the users are not directly connected to each other. Finally, we make a conjecture about the capacity region of the general K‐node relay network with relay messages. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Root biomass distribution of planted Haloxylon ammodendron in a duplex soil in an oasis: desert boundary area
Authors: Zhou Hai , Zhao Wenzhi , Yang Qiyue 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDuplex soils, consisting of a sandy surface soil (A‐horizon) and silty‐clay subsoil (B‐horizon), occur in a boundary area between oasis and desert in northwestern China and create a challenging habitat for restoration of plant growth. We conducted an experiment in a 10‐year‐old H. ammodendron plantation forest to determine the influence of physical properties of duplex soil on water infiltration and plant root growth. We used a trenching method to assess root biomass, and classified roots into two diameter classes: fine (<2 mm) and coarse (>2 mm). Following a 26.7 mm rain event, water infiltrated to the B‐ horizon; further deep percolation was hindered by low hydraulic conductivity, so that B horizon remained at high available soil moisture for an extended period of time. Root biomass increased rapidly in, or very close to the B horizon, especially for coarse roots. The subsoil formed a barrier to root penetration, but may also reflect the accumulation of water resources at the boundary between the A‐ and B‐horizon. Shoot growth and root distribution, shrub height and canopy area, and total root biomass were negatively correlation with depth to the B horizon, and that was reflected by quadratic functions. We conclude that the texture and structure of duplex soils influenced the soil environment for water infiltration and storage, indicating that the B‐horizon underlying sand in duplex soils is advantageous for the growth, and development of planted sand‐stabilizing vegetation. These results have important implications for sustainable development of sand‐fixing plantations in desert ecosystems.
Physicochemical Properties and Fatty Acid Profile of Phoenix Tree Seed and its Oil
Authors: Sun Shangde , Li Xulei 
Published: June 2016

AbstractVarious components of Phoenix tree (Firmiana simplex) seed were determined. Oil, protein, moisture, ash, and fiber accounted for 27.8 ± 0.3, 19.7 ± 0.4, 7.5 ± 0.2, 4.4 ± 0.3, and 31.23 ± 0.93 % (w/w) of the seed, respectively. The acid value, peroxide value, saponification value, and unsaponifiable matter content of Phoenix tree seed oil extracted using the Soxhlet method were 3.73 ± 0.02 mg KOH/g, 1.97 ± 0.21 mmol/kg, 183.74 ± 2.37 mg KOH/g, and 0.90 ± 0.05 g/100 g, respectively. The total tocopherol content was 54.5 ± 0.5 mg/100 g oil, which consisted mainly of δ‐tocopherol (29.5 ± 0.6 mg/100 g oil) and γ‐tocopherol (13.8 ± 0.8 mg/100 g oil). Linoleic acid (L, 30.2 %), oleic acid (O, 22.2 %), and sterculic acid (S, 23.2 %) were the main unsaturated fatty acids of Phoenix tree seed oil. The saturated fatty acids included palmitic acid (17.4 %) and stearic acid (St, 2.9 %). The work shows the first report of sterculic acid in seeds of this species. This oil can be used as a raw material to produce sterculic acid.