bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Construction of amine‐rich coating utilizing amine curing reaction of triglycidyl isocyanate with triethylenetetramine on the surface of poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) microspheres for preparation of anion exchange stationary phase
Authors: Liu Junwei , Yan Yuqi , Li Haojie , Zhang Shiting , Wang Guoqing , Sun Yu‐an , Zhu Yan 
Published: September 2024

Epoxy resins, as important thermosetting polymers, exhibit excellent adhesion to various substrates. In view of this, reticulate coating of triglycidyl isocyanate with triethylenetetramine was introduced onto the surface of poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) utilizing amine curing reaction to obtain poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene)@triglycidyl isocyanate‐triethylenetetramine composite microspheres. The amino groups and epoxy groups of triglycidyl isocyanate‐triethylenetetramine endowed poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) with good reactivity, which could be quaternized under mild conditions to obtain an anion exchange chromatographic stationary phase. The quaternized poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene)@triglycidyl isocyanate‐triethylenetetramine was characterized by scanning electron microscope, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy, N2 adsorption‐desorption experiment, et al. The chromatographic performance of the customized column was evaluated by separating seven conventional anions, organic weak acids, and carbohydrates. Poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene)@triglycidyl isocyanate‐triethylenetetramine possesses the uniform size of poly(styrene‐divinylbenzene) microspheres and good reactivity of triglycidyl isocyanate‐triethylenetetramine, which offers a flexible strategy for the preparation of anion exchange stationary phase. The column exhibits excellent chemical and mechanical stability and chromatographic performance. Finally, the column was successfully applied for the determination of nitrite in pickles.
Impact of Sonographer Experience, Insonation Angle, and Bladder Filling on Uterine Artery Doppler Measurements in the First Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Einig Sabrina , Monod Cécile , Baumann Hanna , Butenschön Annkathrin , Engesser‐Mussbah Jasmin , Reina Hubertina , Schoetzau Andreas , Mosimann Beatrice , Manegold‐Brauer Gwendolin 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of different measurement conditions and ultrasound training level on uterine artery pulsatility index (UtA‐PI) measurements as required for combined first trimester preeclampsia (PE) screening.MethodsThis was a prospective study of consecutive patients with singleton pregnancies presenting for an ultrasound examination between 11 and 14 weeks' gestation. UtA‐PI measurements were conducted by residents in training and repeated by experienced sonographers thereafter. UtA‐PI measurements were conducted under different examination conditions. First, the trainee sonographers performed transabdominal sagittal and transverse UtA‐PI measurements without bladder filling. These measurements were then repeated by the expert sonographers. Additionally, the expert sonographers also performed transvaginal UtA‐PI measurements and transabdominal measurements with bladder filling. Statistical analysis was conducted with the statistical software R and included descriptive statistics as well as 2‐sided paired t tests.ResultsA total of 100 women were included in the study. Mean age was 31.7 ± 4.92 years and mean gestational week was 12.5 ± 0.53 weeks. A total of 56% were nulliparous and 44% were parous. UtA‐PI was significantly lower if performed by a sonographer in training versus an experienced sonographer (P = .031). No significant difference was observed in comparing transverse and sagittal techniques (P = .241). There was also no significant difference in transabominal versus transvaginal measurements (P = .806) and with an empty versus full bladder (P = .444).ConclusionExperience of sonographer has a significant impact on UtA‐PI. Supervised onsite training is necessary to improve reliability and consistency of UtA‐PI measurements and make PE screening reliable for implementation in a universal screening setting.
Identifying temperature refuges in Utah using temperature, biota, and habitat data
Authors: Hammill Edd , Berkeley Lorelle , Lindsey Sarah , Wheeler Mindy , Thompson Paul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding where on landscapes to make investments, such as designating protected areas, is a critical component of biodiversity management. Locations for management actions should achieve current management objectives while also having the best chance of continued success in the future. Climate change has the potential to undermine biodiversity management, as it may lead to substantial changes in environmental conditions that are outside local managers' control. Following changes in environmental conditions, areas on the landscape may become unsuitable for the species or habitats that the initial actions were intended to benefit. The potential for local actions to be undermined by global‐scale threats makes it essential to account for and minimize exposure to temperature change. We present a series of analyses identifying priority areas for wildlife and habitat management. We conducted our analyses using a systematic landscape planning approach that identifies areas within species' ranges or current distributions of key habitats that are predicted to be less affected by future temperature change. We used the ranges of 142 animal and 149 plant species identified as species of greatest conservation need (SGCN) together with the distributions of 14 terrestrial and 19 aquatic key habitats in Utah, USA. We measured temperature change in 2 ways: as changes in mean annual temperature between 2020 and the year 2100 (temperature difference) and by quantifying how far a species range or habitat would have to shift to maintain its current temperature envelope (climate velocity). We identified the sub‐watersheds with hydrologic unit code 12 (HUC 12) that collectively encompassed the ranges of our SGCNs and key habitats while minimizing overall exposure to temperature change. These high priority HUC 12s represented areas that were not only hotspots for SGCNs and key habitats but also acted as temperature refugia, where management actions are likely to be robust to temperature change. We hope that our identification of high‐priority HUC 12s will help inform and guide future management actions to improve their long‐term outcomes.
Divergent Effects of Grazing Intensity on Soil Nutrient Fractions in Alpine Meadows
Authors: Mipam Tserang Donko , Jiang Ao , Jing Luhuai , Zhang Sihu , Yi Wei , Zhao Chen , Ai Yi , Tian Liming 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTLarge herbivore grazing plays a key role in regulating ecosystem functioning and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. However, the effects and mechanisms of large herbivore grazing intensity on soil nutrient fractions remain largely unclear in alpine grasslands. Here, we determine 20 indicator variables associated with soil nutrient fractions (e.g., particulate organic carbon, POC; mineral‐associated organic carbon, MAOC) to investigate how grazing intensity on labile fractions through a well‐controlled grazing experiment in an alpine meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Our results show that microbial biomass carbon, dissolved organic carbon, light fraction organic carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and phosphorus, total potassium, and available potassium significantly decrease with increased grazing intensity, whereas other fractions (e.g., POC, MAOC, dissolved organic nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, available nitrogen, etc.) have marginal or non‐significant responses to grazing intensity. Further analysis reveals that above‐and below‐ground biomass, soil moisture, and soil pH jointly determine the grazing effects on soil nutrient fractions, without the impact of species richness. Moreover, correlation analyses indicate that grazing intensity decouples carbon and nitrogen from phosphorus and potassium in alpine meadows. Collectively, our results emphasize the importance of grazing intensity effects on nutrient cycling in alpine grasslands and incorporate the impacts of grazing intensity into terrestrial ecosystem models may help accurately predict carbon sequestration potential in grazinglands.
On a family of sparse exponential sums
Authors: Garaev Moubariz Z. , Rudnick Zeev , Shparlinski Igor E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate exponential sums modulo primes whose phase function is a sparse polynomial, with exponents growing with the prime. In particular, such sums model those which appear in the study of the quantum cat map. While they are not amenable to treatment by algebro‐geometric methods such as Weil's bounds, Bourgain gave a nontrivial estimate for these and more general sums. In this work, we obtain explicit bounds with reasonable savings over various types of averaging. We also initiate the study of the value distribution of these sums.
Enhancing Fire Safety and Softness: Efficacy of Ethanolamine Polyphosphate as a Fire Retardant for Textiles
Authors: Li Hongyang , Wang Cheng , Chen Hengqi , Oliver Susan , Wang Wei , Lei Lei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rising awareness of fire safety among consumers has driven the demand for fire retardants (FRs) that are both cost‐effective and efficient across various industries, particularly in textiles. Traditional FRs often compromise fabric softness, resulting in undesirable tactile texture and stiffness changes. While the external addition of softeners can mitigate the stiffness, it may introduce issues such as a greasy texture and increased flammability. This study introduces ethanolamine polyphosphate (EAPP), an innovative organic polyphosphate, as an effective fire retardant that preserves the softness of textiles. Comprehensive evaluations are conducted on EAPP‐treated textiles, revealing significant improvements in fire retardancy without compromising fabric quality. EAPP treatment (15 wt.% aqueous solutions) increases the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of pure cotton textiles from 17% to 36% and significantly reduces the peak heat release rate (pHRR) and total smoke rate (TSR) as measured by cone calorimetry. Unlike conventional FR products that form FR‐salt crystal particles on the fabric surface after drying, EAPP forms a smooth FR protective layer on the fabric, enhancing mechanical fastness and maintaining tactile qualities. These findings highlight EAPP's potential as a non‐washing durable, spray‐on fire retardant solution for textiles, combining safety with user comfort.
Unique Core−Shell Structured Polyaniline Nanofibers Toward Ultrahigh−Rate Flexible All−Solid−State Supercapacitor
Authors: Hu Shuo , Qin Jiawei , Shen Yueying , Du Houlin , Qin Zongyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPromoting charge storage and fast charging capability simultaneously is a long–standing challenge for supercapacitors. A facile flowing seed polymerization is adopted to prepare polyaniline (PANI) nanofibers, in which phytic acid (PA) doped oligomers are first produced as the seeds for promoting the highly oriented growth of PANI nanofibers accompanying with the copolymerization of m−aminobenzene sulfonic acid (ASA) and aniline occurred on the surface of PANI nanofibers, as a result, unique core−shell structured PANI nanofibers are continuously fabricated. Benefitting from compact nanofiber structure, excellent dispersion, and self–doping effect, as–prepared PANI nanofibers exhibit a specific capacitance of 671.2 F g−1 at 2 A g−1 and ultrahigh rate capability of 93.1% from 2 to 100 A g−1. Then assembled all–solid–state supercapacitor can deliver the highest energy density of 28.3 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 320.2 W kg−1 with remarkable rate capability (81.2% from 1 to 20 A g−1), cycle stability (77.5% after 5000 cycles) as well as light weight and flexibility. It is highly desirable that the present green and scalable approach can be further applied to fabricate other unique core–shell structured PANI nanofibers with appealing potentials in energy storage devices.
Tripartite evolutionary game and simulation of solvency supervision under C‐ROSS II based on prospect theory
Authors: Li Shilong , Tong Zhijie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on the implementation of “C‐ROSS II” and utilizes an evolutionary game model to investigate regulatory issues. Based on prospect theory, a three‐party evolutionary game model is constructed among regulatory agencies, insurance companies, and consumers with incomplete rationality, examining evolutionary stability strategies. Meanwhile, considering the different attitudes of policyholders in the face of loss and return, the heterogeneous risk preference is analyzed by changing the prospect parameters. The results show that increases in penalty amounts, positive incentives, and consumer sensitivity to losses will promote the evolution of the system to the optimal stable equilibrium point. However, rises in brand incomes and rectification costs, as well as decreases in capital costs, will decrease the probability of regulatory authorities enforcing strict supervision.
Dual‐stage semantic segmentation of endoscopic surgical instruments
Authors: Chen Wenxin , Wang Kaifeng , Song Xinya , Xie Dongsheng , Li Xue , Islam Mobarakol , Li Changsheng , Duan Xingguang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundEndoscopic instrument segmentation is essential for ensuring the safety of robotic‐assisted spinal endoscopic surgeries. However, due to the narrow operative region, intricate surrounding tissues, and limited visibility, achieving instrument segmentation within the endoscopic view remains challenging.PurposeThis work aims to devise a method to segment surgical instruments in endoscopic video. By designing an endoscopic image classification model, features of frames before and after the video are extracted to achieve continuous and precise segmentation of instruments in endoscopic videos.MethodsDeep learning techniques serve as the algorithmic core for constructing the convolutional neural network proposed in this study. The method comprises dual stages: image classification and instrument segmentation. MobileViT is employed for image classification, enabling the extraction of key features of different instruments and generating classification results. DeepLabv3+ is utilized for instrument segmentation. By training on distinct instruments separately, corresponding model parameters are obtained. Lastly, a flag caching mechanism along with a blur detection module is designed to effectively utilize the image features in consecutive frames. By incorporating specific parameters into the segmentation model, better segmentation of surgical instruments can be achieved in endoscopic videos.ResultsThe classification and segmentation models are evaluated on an endoscopic image dataset. In the dataset used for instrument segmentation, the training set consists of 7456 images, the validation set consists of 829 images, and the test set consists of 921 images. In the dataset used for image classification, the training set consists of 2400 images and the validation set consists of 600 images. The image classification model achieves an accuracy of 70% on the validation set. For the segmentation model, experiments are conducted on two common surgical instruments, and the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) exceeds 98%. Furthermore, the proposed video segmentation method is tested using videos collected during surgeries, validating the effectiveness of the flag caching mechanism and blur detection module.ConclusionsExperimental results on the dataset demonstrate that the dual‐stage video processing method excels in performing instrument segmentation tasks under endoscopic conditions. This advancement is significant for enhancing the intelligence level of robotic‐assisted spinal endoscopic surgeries.
The impact of isoflurane anesthesia on brain metabolism in mice: An MRI and electroencephalography study
Authors: Wei Zhiliang , Roh Seung‐Eon , Yang Xiuli , Wang Wenshen , Wang Jiekang , Chen Lin , Li Yuguo , Bibic Adnan , Lu Hanzhang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIsoflurane is one of the most widely used anesthetic agents in rodent imaging studies. However, the impact of isoflurane on brain metabolism has not been fully characterized to date, primarily due to a scarcity of noninvasive technologies to quantitatively measure the brain's metabolic rate in vivo. In this study, using noncontrast MRI techniques, we dynamically measured cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO2) under varying doses of isoflurane anesthesia in mice. Concurrently, systemic parameters of heart and respiration rates were recorded alongside CMRO2. Additionally, electroencephalogram (EEG) recording was used to identify changes in neuronal activities under the same anesthetic regimen employed in the MRI experiments. We found suppression of the CMRO2 by isoflurane in a dose‐dependent manner, concomitant with a diminished high‐frequency EEG activity. The degree of metabolic suppression by isoflurane was strongly correlated with the respiration rate, which offers a potential approach to calibrate CMRO2 measurements. Furthermore, the metabolic level associated with neural responses of the somatosensory and motor cortices in mice was estimated as 308.2 μmol/100 g/min. These findings may facilitate the integration of metabolic parameters into future studies involving animal disease models and anesthesia usage.
A visual guide for the Brabant index to score dental macrowear quantity and direction
Authors: Olszewski Judyta , Hemingway Jason , Gibbon Victoria E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to reduce subjectivity bias in scoring dental macrowear quantity and direction using the Brabant index, which previously relied solely on written descriptions. To achieve this, we present a new, optimized visual guide incorporating buccal and lingual scores. The optimization process involved conceptualizing and illustrating a visual guide using Holocene southern African hunter‐gatherer and herder teeth, featuring both buccal and lingual scores for multicuspid teeth. The guide was hand‐drawn using a stippling technique and digitized to depict surface details for each wear stage and tooth type. We conducted intra‐ and inter‐observer assessments to evaluate the optimized method using both the original and optimized Brabant indices. Statistical analysis was performed in R using Cohen's kappa for direction and Cohen's weighted kappa for quantity. Intra‐observer results for the original method yielded kappa values of 0.84 for direction and 0.94 for quantity, while the optimized version both resulted in improved values of 0.99. Inter‐observer results revealed some differences between an inexperienced and an experienced observer. The inexperienced observer achieved kappa scores of 0.20 for direction and 0.86 for quantity with the original method, and 0.17 and 0.80, respectively, with the optimized version. The experienced observer's results using the original index were 0.66 for direction and 0.89 for quantity, and 0.75 and 0.96, respectively, with the optimized version. These findings demonstrate that the optimized method enhances data reliability for experienced observers, highlighting the value of a published visual guide and multicuspid scoring adjustments. However, reduced or unappreciable changes in accuracies for the inexperienced observer illustrate the need for dental expertise when scoring for dental wear, even with a modified method.
Effect of Halide Anions on Electrochemical CO2 Reduction in Non‐Aqueous Choline Solutions using Ag and Au Electrodes
Authors: Farahmandazad Hengameh , Asperti Simone , Kortlever Ruud , Goetheer Earl , de Jong Wiebren 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effect of halide anions on the selectivity of the CO2 reduction reaction to CO was investigated in choline‐based ethylene glycol solutions containing different halides (ChCl : EG, ChBr : EG, ChI : EG). The CO2RR was studied using silver (Ag) and gold (Au) electrodes in a compact H‐cell. Our findings reveal that chloride effectively suppresses the hydrogen evolution reaction and enhances the selectivity of carbon monoxide production on both Ag and Au electrodes, with relatively high selectivity values of 84 % and 62 %, respectively. Additionally, the effect of varying ethylene glycol content in the choline chloride‐containing electrolyte (ChCl : EG 1 : X, X=2, 3, 4) was investigated to improve the current density during CO2RR on the Ag electrode. We observed that a mole ratio of 1 : 4 exhibited the highest current density with a comparable faradaic efficiency toward CO. Notably, an evident surface reconstruction process took place on the Ag surface in the presence of Cl− ions, whereas on Au, this phenomenon was less pronounced. Overall, this study provides new insights into anion‐induced surface restructuring of Ag and Au electrodes during CO2RR, and its consequences on the reduction performance on such surfaces in non‐aqueous electrolytes.
Identifying Key Causal Factors of “Outsourcing Failure” in Government Procurement of Public Service Based on Interval Type‐2 Fuzzy DEMATEL‐Prospect Theory
Authors: Xu Lan , Wang Yaofei 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAccurately identifying the key causal factors of “outsourcing failure” in government procurement of public service (GPPS) is the focus when constructing its corrective mechanism. The research process and contributions of this paper unfold in two parts: First, based on the structure‐process‐outcome (SPO) model, from the three dimensions of structure, process and outcome, constructing a library of factors causing “outsourcing failure” in GPPS. Then aiming at the ambiguity, uncertainty, and risk preference of decision makers in the decision‐making process, this study proposes a method to identify the key causal factors of “outsourcing failure” in GPPS based on interval type‐2 fuzzy decision‐making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL)‐prospect theory. We take government procurement of home‐based care services in Jiangsu Province as an example. The results show that nine key causal factors were identified. Further, targeted correction suggestions are proposed to provide strong support and reference for improving the effect of GPPS outsourcing.
Synthesis, characterization, and optimization of dual‐responsivePAMAMnanodendrimers for improved dispersive solid‐phase extraction of cancer agents from complex biological samples
Authors: Mahdavijalal Mohammadreza , Ahmad Panahi Homayon , Moniri Elham , Torabi Fard Niloufar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLevels of anticancer agents in cancer patients' body fluids are typically measured to adjust drug dosages or improve treatment results. The goal of this research is to present a new method for extracting bicalutamide (BCT) from biological samples using a responsive polymeric nanoadsorbent that reacts to temperature and near‐infrared radiation (NIR). To achieve this, the surface layers of tungsten disulfide nanosheets are modified using poly (N‐vinylcaprolactam) and three generations of polymeric dendrimers. The adsorbent product is then characterized using thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The drug loading operation on the proposed adsorbent is studied through central composite design and response surface strategy, with optimization for temperature (25–45°C), pH (5–9), and contact time (2–18 min). Nonlinear kinetic and adsorption isotherm analysis results show the best fit with Langmuir and pseudo‐second‐order models. The drug release process from the BCT‐loaded adsorbent is investigated via an HPLC‐UV system under both NIR‐irradiated and non‐irradiated conditions. The suggested method demonstrates remarkable recovery rates for BCT spikes from urine (95.23%) and plasma (93.33%), respectively. Overall, the recommended strategy can be regarded as a potent analytical tool for evaluating BCT in complex biosamples.