bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DciA is an ancestral replicative helicase operator essential for bacterial replication initiation
Authors: Brézellec Pierre , Vallet-Gely Isabelle , Possoz Christophe , Quevillon-Cheruel Sophie , Ferat Jean-Luc 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDelivery of the replicative helicase onto DNA is an essential step in the initiation of replication. In bacteria, DnaC (in Escherichia coli) and DnaI (in Bacillus subtilis) are representative of the two known mechanisms that assist the replicative helicase at this stage. Here, we establish that these two strategies cannot be regarded as prototypical of the bacterial domain since dnaC and dnaI (dna[CI]) are present in only a few bacterial phyla. We show that dna[CI] was domesticated at least seven times through evolution in bacteria and at the expense of one gene, which we rename dciA (dna[CI] antecedent), suggesting that DciA and Dna[CI] share a common function. We validate this hypothesis by establishing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa that DciA possesses the attributes of the replicative helicase-operating proteins associated with replication initiation.
Sensing of HSV-1 by the cGAS–STING pathway in microglia orchestrates antiviral defence in the CNS
Authors: Reinert Line S. , Lopušná Katarína , Winther Henriette , Sun Chenglong , Thomsen Martin K. , Nandakumar Ramya , Mogensen Trine H. , Meyer Morten , Vægter Christian , Nyengaard Jens R. , Fitzgerald Katherine A. , Paludan Søren R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHerpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common form of acute viral encephalitis in industrialized countries. Type I interferon (IFN) is important for control of herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in the central nervous system (CNS). Here we show that microglia are the main source of HSV-induced type I IFN expression in CNS cells and these cytokines are induced in a cGAS–STING-dependent manner. Consistently, mice defective in cGAS or STING are highly susceptible to acute HSE. Although STING is redundant for cell-autonomous antiviral resistance in astrocytes and neurons, viral replication is strongly increased in neurons in STING-deficient mice. Interestingly, HSV-infected microglia confer STING-dependent antiviral activities in neurons and prime type I IFN production in astrocytes through the TLR3 pathway. Thus, sensing of HSV-1 infection in the CNS by microglia through the cGAS–STING pathway orchestrates an antiviral program that includes type I IFNs and immune-priming of other cell types.
Coupled binding mechanism of three sodium ions and aspartate in the glutamate transporter homologue GltTk
Authors: Guskov Albert , Jensen Sonja , Faustino Ignacio , Marrink Siewert J. , Slotboom Dirk Jan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGlutamate transporters catalyse the thermodynamically unfavourable transport of anionic amino acids across the cell membrane by coupling it to the downhill transport of cations. This coupling mechanism is still poorly understood, in part because the available crystal structures of these transporters are of relatively low resolution. Here we solve crystal structures of the archaeal transporter GltTk in the presence and absence of aspartate and use molecular dynamics simulations and binding assays to show how strict coupling between the binding of three sodium ions and aspartate takes place.
A Late Cretaceous diversification of Asian oviraptorid dinosaurs: evidence from a new species preserved in an unusual posture
Authors: Lü Junchang , Chen Rongjun , Brusatte Stephen L. , Zhu Yangxiao , Shen Caizhi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractOviraptorosaurs are a bizarre group of bird-like theropod dinosaurs, the derived forms of which have shortened, toothless skulls, and which diverged from close relatives by developing peculiar feeding adaptations. Although once among the most mysterious of dinosaurs, oviraptorosaurs are becoming better understood with the discovery of many new fossils in Asia and North America. The Ganzhou area of southern China is emerging as a hotspot of oviraptorosaur discoveries, as over the past half decade five new monotypic genera have been found in the latest Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) deposits of this region. We here report a sixth diagnostic oviraptorosaur from Ganzhou, Tongtianlong limosus gen. et sp. nov., represented by a remarkably well-preserved specimen in an unusual splayed-limb and raised-head posture. Tongtianlong is a derived oviraptorid oviraptorosaur, differentiated from other species by its unique dome-like skull roof, highly convex premaxilla, and other features of the skull. The large number of oviraptorosaurs from Ganzhou, which often differ in cranial morphologies related to feeding, document an evolutionary radiation of these dinosaurs during the very latest Cretaceous of Asia, which helped establish one of the last diverse dinosaur faunas before the end-Cretaceous extinction.
Indoor terpene emissions from cooking with herbs and pepper and their secondary organic aerosol production potential
Authors: Klein Felix , Farren Naomi J. , Bozzetti Carlo , Daellenbach Kaspar R. , Kilic Dogushan , Kumar Nivedita K. , Pieber Simone M. , Slowik Jay G. , Tuthill Rosemary N. , Hamilton Jacqueline F. , Baltensperger Urs , Prévôt André S. H. , El Haddad Imad 
Published: November 2016

AbstractCooking is widely recognized as an important source of indoor and outdoor particle and volatile organic compound emissions with potential deleterious effects on human health. Nevertheless, cooking emissions remain poorly characterized. Here the effect of herbs and pepper on cooking emissions was investigated for the first time to the best of our knowledge using state of the art mass spectrometric analysis of particle and gas-phase composition. Further, the secondary organic aerosol production potential of the gas-phase emissions was determined by smog chamber aging experiments. The emissions of frying meat with herbs and pepper include large amounts of mono-, sesqui- and diterpenes as well as various terpenoids and p-cymene. The average total terpene emission rate from the use of herbs and pepper during cooking is estimated to be 46 ± 5 gg-1Herbsmin-1. These compounds are highly reactive in the atmosphere and lead to significant amounts of secondary organic aerosol upon aging. In summary we demonstrate that cooking with condiments can constitute an important yet overlooked source of terpenes in indoor air.
Long-term lifestyle interventions in middle-aged and elderly men with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dong Fangyuan , Zhang Yan , Huang Yiqin , Wang Yiqian , Zhang Gansheng , Hu Xiaona , Wang Jiaofeng , Chen Jie , Bao Zhijun 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a metabolic disorder related to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, has become a public health concern. Currently, the principal therapeutic modalities targeting NAFLD are lifestyle interventions. However, the efficacy of long-term lifestyle interventions in managing NAFLD remains largely unexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of long-term lifestyle interventions in middle-aged and elderly men with NAFLD. All 280 eligible patients were randomized to the control or test group. Patients in the test group received counseling on diet and exercise from 2 physicians every 3 months via a phone call. Patients in the control group received only counseling in annual checkups without regular intervention. After the 2-year periodic intervention, body weight, abdominal circumference, ALT, TCH, LDL-C and HDL-C decreased in the test group. Specifically, the fatty liver index (FLI) and NAFLD-fibrosis score (NAFLD-FS) reduced markedly in the test group. However, in the control group, there was only a significant decrease in LDL-C, HDL-C and NAFLD-FS (P < 0.001). The liver steatosis grade of the test group decreased significantly, while it increased in the control group. In NAFLD, long-term lifestyle interventions exert an anti-obesity effect and attenuate liver dysfunction and steatosis.
Contribution of sleep to the repair of neuronal DNA double-strand breaks: evidence from flies and mice
Authors: Bellesi Michele , Bushey Daniel , Chini Mattia , Tononi Giulio , Cirelli Chiara 
Published: November 2016

AbstractExploration of a novel environment leads to neuronal DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). These DSBs are generated by type 2 topoisomerase to relieve topological constrains that limit transcription of plasticity-related immediate early genes. If not promptly repaired, however, DSBs may lead to cell death. Since the induction of plasticity-related genes is higher in wake than in sleep, we asked whether it is specifically wake associated with synaptic plasticity that leads to DSBs, and whether sleep provides any selective advantage over wake in their repair. In flies and mice, we find that enriched wake, more than simply time spent awake, induces DSBs, and their repair in mice is delayed or prevented by subsequent wake. In both species the repair of irradiation-induced neuronal DSBs is also quicker during sleep, and mouse genes mediating the response to DNA damage are upregulated in sleep. Thus, sleep facilitates the repair of neuronal DSBs.
The use of targeted exome sequencing in genetic diagnosis of young patients with severe hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Jiang Long , Wu Wen-Feng , Sun Li-Yuan , Chen Pan-Pan , Wang Wei , Benito-Vicente Asier , Zhang Fan , Pan Xiao-Dong , Cui Wei , Yang Shi-Wei , Zhou Yu-Jie , Martin Cesar , Wang Lu-Ya 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is an autosomal dominant disorder. Although genetic testing is an important tool for detecting FH-causing mutations in patients, diagnostic methods for young patients with severe hypercholesterolemia are understudied. This study compares the target exome sequencing (TES) technique with the DNA resequencing array technique on young patients with severe hypercholesterolemia. A total of 20 unrelated patients (mean age 14.8 years) with total cholesterol > 10 mmol/L were included. 12 patient samples were processed by DNA resequencing array, 14 patient samples were processed by TES, and 6 patient samples were processed by both methods. Functional characterization of novel mutations was performed by flow cytometry. The mutation detection rate (MDR) of DNA resequencing array was 75%, while the MDR of TES was 100%. A total of 27 different mutations in the LDLR were identified, including 3 novel mutations and 8 mutations with previously unknown pathogenicity. Functional characterization of c.673delA, c.1363delC, p.Leu575Phe and p.Leu582Phe variants found that all of them are pathogenic. Additionally, 7 patients were diagnosed with Heterozygous FH (HeFH) in which lipid levels were significantly higher than common HeFH patients. This data indicates that TES is a very efficient tool for genetic diagnosis in young patients with severe hypercholesterolemia.
Evidence that ferritin is associated with light production in the mucus of the marine worm Chaetopterus
Authors: Rawat Renu , Deheyn Dimitri D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe blue glow of the mucus fromChaetopterusinvolves a photoprotein, iron and flavins. Identity and respective role of these components remain, however, largely unresolved today, likely because of viscosity issues and inhibition of this system by oxidizers conventionally used to track bioluminescence activity. Here, we used gentle centrifugation to obtain a mucus supernatant showing no inhibition to oxidizers, allowing for further analysis. We applied conventional chromatographic techniques to isolate major proteins associated with light emission. Luminescence ability of elutriate fractions was tested with hydrogen peroxide to track photoprotein and/or protein-bound chromophore. Fractions producing light contained few major proteins, one with similarity to ferritin. Addition to the mucus of elements with inhibitory/potentiary effect on ferritin ferroxidase activity induced corresponding changes in light production, emphasizing the possible role of ferritin in the worm bioluminescence. DNA of the protein was cloned, sequenced, and expressed, confirming its identity to aChaetopterusFerritin (ChF). Both ferric and ferrous iron were found in the mucus, indicating the occurrence of both oxidase and reductase activity. Biochemical analysis showed ChF has strong ferroxidase activity, which could be a source of biological iron and catalytic energy for the worm bioluminescence when coupled to a reduction process with flavins.
Molecular Mechanism and Energy Basis of Conformational Diversity of Antibody SPE7 Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Chen Jianzhong , Wang Jinan , Zhu Weiliang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMore and more researchers are interested in and focused on how a limited repertoire of antibodies can bind and correspondingly protect against an almost limitless diversity of invading antigens. In this work, a series of 200-ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations followed by principal component (PC) analysis and free energy calculations were performed to probe potential mechanism of conformational diversity of antibody SPE7. The results show that the motion direction of loops H3 and L3 is different relative to each other, implying that a big structural difference exists between these two loops. The calculated energy landscapes suggest that the changes in the backbone angles ψ and φ of H-Y101 and H-Y105 provide significant contributions to the conformational diversity of SPE7. The dihedral angle analyses based on MD trajectories show that the side-chain conformational changes of several key residues H-W33, H-Y105, L-Y34 and L-W93 around binding site of SPE7 play a key role in the conformational diversity of SPE7, which gives a reasonable explanation for potential mechanism of cross-reactivity of single antibody toward multiple antigens.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
kinesin-5 switches direction using a steric blocking mechanism
Authors: Britto Mishan , Goulet Adeline , Rizvi Syeda , von Loeffelholz Ottilie , Moores Carolyn A. , Cross Robert A. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Molecular motors organize cells by hauling molecular cargoes along polymer tracks (actin filaments or microtubules). Until recently, the stepping direction of each motor was thought to be fixed; however, it now emerges that yeast kinesin-5 motors can reverse their stepping direction. How does this work? We show that the stepping direction of Cut7, a yeast kinesin-5 motor, depends on the level of motor crowding on the microtubule, and that crowding of Cut7 by non-Cut7 proteins also can drive reversal. To explain this, we propose that stepping of Cut7 in one direction is blocked by collisions with neighbors, whereas stepping in the other direction, being less space-hungry, is not. Crowding-dependent directional reversal is a hitherto-unsuspected aspect of motor-driven self-organization in cells.
High-density array-CGH with targeted NGS unmask multiple noncontiguous minute deletions on chromosome 3p21 in mesothelioma
Authors: Yoshikawa Yoshie , Emi Mitsuru , Hashimoto-Tamaoki Tomoko , Ohmuraya Masaki , Sato Ayuko , Tsujimura Tohru , Hasegawa Seiki , Nakano Takashi , Nasu Masaki , Pastorino Sandra , Szymiczek Agata , Bononi Angela , Tanji Mika , Pagano Ian , Gaudino Giovanni , Napolitano Andrea , Goparaju Chandra , Pass Harvey I. , Yang Haining , Carbone Michele 
Published: November 2016

SignificanceWe found that gene mutations/deletions are frequent in mesothelioma and occur through a variety of DNA alterations. We identified genes implicated in malignant mesothelioma:SETD2,SMARCC1,PBRM1. Previous next-generation studies (NGS) underestimated the frequency of genetic alterations in malignant mesothelioma because NGS mainly identifies nucleotide level mutations. Our findings are of general relevance to the field of cancer research that relies almost exclusively on NGS to identify gene alterations in cancer biopsies, and uses this information to design specific molecular therapies. An integrated approach that includes a high-density comparative genomic hybridization array and NGS or targeted-NGS, as conducted here, may reveal additional genes that are inactivated by mechanisms other than point mutations. This information may inform us on how to design more effective molecular therapies.
Transcriptional start site heterogeneity modulates the structure and function of the HIV-1 genome
Authors: Kharytonchyk Siarhei , Monti Sarah , Smaldino Philip J. , Van Verna , Bolden Nicholas C. , Brown Joshua D. , Russo Emily , Swanson Canessa , Shuey Alex , Telesnitsky Alice , Summers Michael F. 
Published: November 2016

Significance
Current dogma states that the integrated HIV type 1 provirus encodes a single RNA transcript that serves as both mRNA for generating viral proteins and as genomic RNA that is packaged and used for reverse transcription. We now show that multiple transcripts with different functions are generated in infected cells, a consequence of heterogeneous transcriptional start site usage. Transcripts that begin with a single capped guanosine are specifically selected for packaging, whereas those that begin with two or three capped guanosines are enriched on polysomes and used for translation. In vitro studies with recombinant 5′-leader transcripts reveal a mechanism by which the incorporation of a single 5′ guanosine dramatically alters the structure, function, and fate of the viral RNA.
Telling Time: Statues and Stasis, Daphnis et Chloé and L'après-midi d'un faune
Authors: Vajjhala Rachana 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThis article considers the statuomaniacal impulse sweeping Paris in the first years of the twentieth century, and how contemporary interest in the animation of antiquities resulted in new ways of seeing. Despite the shared aspects of setting and choreographic inspiration, Daphnis et Chloé and L'après-midi d'un faune staged profoundly divergent conceptions of how bodies could and should move, a result of emerging optical modes.
The Kinematics and Spondylosis of the Lumbar Spine Vary Depending on the Levels of Motion Segments in Individuals With Low Back Pain
Authors: Basques Bryce A. , Espinoza Orías Alejandro A. , Shifflett Grant D. , Fice Michael P. , Andersson Gunnar B. , An Howard S. , Inoue Nozomu 
Published: November 2016

Study Design.
A prospective cohort study.

Objective.
The aim of this study was to identify associations of spondylotic and kinematic changes with low back pain (LBP).

Summary of Background Data.
The ability to characterize and differentiate the biomechanics of both the symptomatic and asymptomatic lumbar spine is crucial to alleviate the sparse literature on the association of lumbar spine biomechanics and LBP.

Methods.
Lumbar dynamic plain radiographs (flexion-extension), dynamic computed tomography (CT) scanning (axial rotation, disc height), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, disc and facet degeneration grades) were obtained for each subject. These parameters were compared between symptomatic and control groups using Student t test and multivariate logistic regression, which controlled for patient age and sex and identified spinal parameters that were independently associated with symptomatic LBP. Disc grade and mean segmental motion by level were tested by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Results.
Ninety-nine volunteers (64 asymptomatic/35 LBP) were prospectively recruited. Mean age was 37.3 ± 10.1 years and 55% were male. LBP showed association with increased L5/S1 translation [odds ratio (OR) 1.63 per mm, P = 0.005], decreased flexion-extension motion at L1/L2 (OR 0.87 per degree, P = 0.036), L2/L3 (OR 0.88 per degree, P = 0.036), and L4/L5 (OR 0.87 per degree, P = 0.020), increased axial rotation at L4/L5 (OR 2.11 per degree, P = 0.032), decreased disc height at L3/L4 (OR 0.52 per mm, P = 0.008) and L4/L5 (OR 0.37 per mm, p < 0.001), increased disc grade at all levels (ORs 2.01–12.33 per grade, P = 0.001–0.026), and increased facet grade at L4/L5 (OR 4.99 per grade, P = 0.001) and L5/S1 (OR 3.52 per grade, P = 0.004). Significant associations were found between disc grade and kinematic parameters (flexion-extension motion, axial rotation, and translation) at L4/L5 (P = 0.001) and L5/S1 (P < 0.001), but not at other levels (P > 0.05).

Conclusion.
In symptomatic individuals, L4/L5 and L5/S1 levels were affected by spondylosis and kinematic changes. This study clarifies the relationships between kinematic alterations and LBP, mostly observed at the above-mentioned segments.

Level of Evidence: N/A
Investigation of the Effects of a Nursing Information System by Using the Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Hsu Hung-Hsiou , Wu Ya-Hui 
Published: November 2016

The purposes of this study are to investigate the effectiveness of implementing a nursing information system and to discuss several issues affecting its successful deployment from the perspectives of nurses, the major users of the system. The methodology was based on the theory of the technology acceptance model. This study adopted a cross-sectional study method to survey and collect data. In total, 167 questionnaires were distributed to subjects. Approximately 94.6%, or 158 valid questionnaires, were collected. The data were analyzed using SPSS and PLS software.
The data analysis indicated that the factors that most significantly influenced the willingness of nurses to use the nursing information system were their degrees of satisfaction with the system and their perceptions of its usefulness. A nursing information system that can provide functions that are useful and convenient and that facilitate the avoidance of tedious repetitive writing and improve the quality of provided care can encourage nurse satisfaction with the system and thus stimulate their interest in using it for their work. The ease of use of the system can also affect the willingness of nurses to use it.
Successful Treatment of Pyoderma Gangrenosum after Augmentation Mastopexy Using Vacuum Therapy
Authors: Soncini Julio Alberto , Grassi Salles Alessandra , Frizzo Neto Juvenal Antonio , Gemperli Rolf 
Published: November 2016

Background:
Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, severe, destructive neutrophilic dermatosis characterized by a progressive, necrotizing process after skin injury. Its cause is still unknown, and diagnosis represents a challenge when ulcers are seen after surgery. Bacterial infection is not found in the wounds. Patients exhibit “pathergy” with the appearance of new lesions after local trauma such as surgical procedures, debridements, and wound care, suggesting altered inflammatory response. The objective of this study was to review the literature and report a case of PG that was satisfactorily treated with vacuum therapy (vacuum-assisted closure [VAC]).

Case Report:
A 19-year-old healthy patient presented with skin ulceration 4 days after augmentation mastopexy, progressing to extensive necrosis. On the eighth day, she underwent debridement and implant removal. Two days later, the necrotic process was again evident and progressed, resulting in a significant increase in wound size, with each wound reaching 20 × 25 cm. Intense and diffuse neutrophilic exudate and areas of necrosis were present. Systemic corticosteroids and VAC under general anesthesia were initiated 5 days after the second surgery. From the fourth VAC session, some adherence between the mammary gland and pectoral muscles was visible, so deep sutures avoiding the dermis were placed to direct wound closure.

Conclusions:
PG is a life-threatening complication with devastating outcomes. Early diagnosis is critical. Although some reported cases needed up to 2 years for wound closure, in this case, VAC therapy allowed the patient to be discharged after only 42 days and permitted wound closure without the need for skin grafts.