bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological effects of Cnicus arvensis on the gastrointestinal system
Authors: Saqib Fatima , Hassan Sakeena , Imran Imran , Aleem Ambreen , Janbaz Khalid Hussain 
Published: January 2018

<p class="Abstract">The current study was conducted to screen the possible pharmacological activity of Cnicus arvensis on the gastrointestinal system. The methanolic extract exerted concentration-dependent (0.01–3.0 mg/mL) spasmolytic effect using isolated tissue preparations of rabbit jejunum and caused relaxation of K<sup>+</sup>(80 mM)-induced spastic contractions. There was non-parallel shift in Ca<sup>++ </sup>concentration response curves towards right at tissue bath concentrations of 0.3 and 1.0 mg/mL. The solvent-solvents fractionation revealed domination of spasmolytic effects in petroleum ether fraction as compared to aqueous fraction. The methanolic extract also found to reduce the retching in chicks at 150 mg/kg as compared to chlorpromazine. The methanolic crude extract also found to reduce the number of wet spots using castor oil-induced diarrhea in rat as compare to loperamide. Our results reflected the presence of Ca<sup>++</sup> channel blocking activity in methanolic extract, thus rationalizing the medicinal use of C. arvensis in diarrhea and vomiting.</p>
Isotopic and Chemical Evidence for Primitive Aqueous Alteration in the Tagish Lake Meteorite
Authors: Sakuma Keisuke , Hidaka Hiroshi , Yoneda Shigekazu 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Aqueous alteration is one of the primitive activities that occurred on meteorite parent bodies in the early solar system. The Tagish Lake meteorite is known to show an intense parent body aqueous alteration signature. In this study, quantitative analyses of the alkaline elements and isotopic analyses of Sr and Ba from acid leachates of TL (C2-ungrouped) were performed to investigate effects of aqueous alteration. The main purpose of this study is to search for isotopic evidence of extinct 135Cs from the Ba isotopic analyses in the chemical separates from the Tagish Lake meteorite. Barium isotopic data from the leachates show variable 135Ba isotopic anomalies (ε = −2.6 ∼ +3.6) which correlatewith 137Ba and 138Ba suggesting a heterogeneous distribution of s- and r-rich nucleosynthetic components in the early solar system. The 87Rb–87Sr and 135Cs–135Ba decay systems on TL in this study do not provide any chronological information. The disturbance of the TL chronometers is likely a reflection of the selective dissolution of Cs and Rb given the relatively higher mobility of Cs and Rb compared to Ba and Sr, respectively, during fluid mineral interactions.
On the Dispersal of Young Stellar Hierarchies
Authors: Elmegreen Bruce G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Hierarchical structure in young star fields has been demonstrated in a variety of ways, including two-point correlation functions (TPCFs) that are power laws for spatial scales up to at least several hundred parsecs. As the stars age, this power law decreases in slope until it becomes nearly flat at ∼100 Myr, at which point the hierarchical structure has disappeared. The fact that the TPCF remains nearly a power law during this time implies that the dispersal mechanism is somewhat independent of scale. This rules out dispersal by random stellar motions at either the local gas turbulent speed or a constant speed, because in both cases the hierarchy would disappear at small scales first, causing the TPCF to bend over. Destruction by shear has the right property, as the shear rate in a galaxy is independent of scale for kiloparsec-size regions, but shear converts the hierarchy into an azimuthal stream, which still has a power-law TPCF. What does explain the observation is the overlapping of several independent hierarchies from successive generations of star formation in the same region. If stellar age is determined from magnitude intervals on the main sequence of a color–magnitude diagram, or if cluster ages are grouped together logarithmically into bins, then multiple generations will overlap more and more as the grouped populations age, and this overlap will lower the spatial correlations between group members. Models of these processes illustrate their relative roles in removing the appearance of young stellar hierarchies.
The HST Large Programme on ω Centauri. II. Internal Kinematics
Authors: Bellini Andrea , Libralato Mattia , Bedin Luigi R. , Milone Antonino P. , Marel Roeland P. van der , Anderson Jay , Apai Dániel , Burgasser Adam J. , Marino Anna F. , Rees Jon M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
In this second installment of the series, we look at the internal kinematics of the multiple stellar populations of the globular cluster ω Centauri in one of the parallel Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fields, located at about 3.5 half-light radii from the center of the cluster. Thanks to the over 15 yr long baseline and the exquisite astrometric precision of the HST cameras, well-measured stars in our proper-motion catalog have errors as low as ∼10 μas yr−1, and the catalog itself extends to near the hydrogen-burning limit of the cluster. We show that second-generation (2G) stars are significantly more radially anisotropic than first-generation (1G) stars. The latter are instead consistent with an isotropic velocity distribution. In addition, 1G stars have excess systemic rotation in the plane of the sky with respect to 2G stars. We show that the six populations below the main-sequence (MS) knee identified in our first paper are associated with the five main population groups recently isolated on the upper MS in the core of cluster. Furthermore, we find both 1G and 2G stars in the field to be far from being in energy equipartition, with

for the former and

for the latter, where η is defined so that the velocity dispersion

scales with stellar mass as

. The kinematical differences reported here can help constrain the formation mechanisms for the multiple stellar populations in ω Centauri and other globular clusters. We make our astro-photometric catalog publicly available.
The Star–Planet Connection. I. Using Stellar Composition to Observationally Constrain Planetary Mineralogy for the 10 Closest Stars*
Authors: Hinkel Natalie R. , Unterborn Cayman T. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The compositions of stars and planets are connected, but the definition of “habitability” and the “habitable zone” only take into account the physical relationship between the star and planet. Planets, however, are made truly habitable by both chemical and physical processes that regulate climatic and geochemical cycling between atmosphere, surface, and interior reservoirs. Despite this, an “Earth-like” planet is often defined as a planet made of a mixture of rock and Fe that is roughly 1 Earth-density. To understand the interior of a terrestrial planet, the stellar abundances of planet-building elements (e.g., Mg, Si, and Fe) can be used as a proxy for the planet’s composition. We explore the planetary mineralogy and structure for fictive planets around the 10 stars closest to the Sun using stellar abundances from the Hypatia Catalog. Although our sample contains stars that are both sub- and super-solar in their abundances, we find that the mineralogies are very similar for all 10 planets—since the error or spread in the stellar abundances create significant degeneracy in the models. We show that abundance uncertainties need to be on the order of [Fe/H] < 0.02 dex, [Si/H] < 0.01 dex, [Al/H] < 0.002 dex, while [Mg/H] and [Ca/H] < 0.001 dex in order to distinguish two unique planetary populations in our sample of 10 stars. While these precisions are high, we believe that they are possible given certain abundance techniques, in addition to methodological transparency, that have recently been demonstrated in the literature. However, without these precisions, the uncertainty in planetary structures will be so high that we will be unable to confidently state that a planet is like the Earth, or unlike anything we have ever seen.
The Dusty Galactic Center as Seen by SCUBA-2
Authors: Parsons H. , Dempsey J. T. , Thomas H. S. , Berry D. , Currie M. J. , Friberg P. , Wouterloot J. G. A. , Chrysostomou A. , Graves S. , Tilanus R. P. J. , Bell G. S. , Rawlings M. G. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present new JCMT SCUBA-2 observations of the Galactic Center region from

and

, covering 10 × 2 square degrees along the Galactic Plane to a depth of 43 mJy beam−1 at 850 μm and 360 mJy beam−1 at 450 μm. We describe the mapping strategy and reduction method used. We present 12CO(3-2) observations of selected regions in the field. We derive the molecular-line conversion factors (mJy beam−1 per K km s−1) at 850 and 450 μm, which are then used to obtain the amount of contamination in the continuum maps due to 12CO(3-2) emission in the 850 μm band. Toward the fields where the CO contamination has been accounted for, we present an 850 μm CO-corrected compact source catalog. Finally, we look for possible physical trends in the CO contamination with respect to column density, mass, and concentration. No trends were seen in the data despite the recognition of three contributors to CO contamination: opacity, shocks, and temperature, which would be expected to relate to physical conditions. These SCUBA-2 Galactic Center data and catalog are available via https://doi.org/10.11570/17.0009.
The WISE AGN Catalog
Authors: Assef R. J. , Stern D. , Noirot G. , Jun H. D. , Cutri R. M. , Eisenhardt P. R. M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present two large catalogs of active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates identified across 30,093 deg2 of extragalactic sky from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer’s AllWISE Data Release. Both catalogs are selected purely using the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) W1 and W2 bands. The R90 catalog consists of 4,543,530 AGN candidates with 90% reliability, while the C75 catalog consists of 20,907,127 AGN candidates with 75% completeness. These reliability and completeness figures were determined from a detailed analysis of UV- to near-IR spectral energy distributions of

sources in the 9 deg2 Boötes field. The AGN selection criteria are based on those of Assef et al. (2013) recalibrated to the AllWISE data release. We provide a detailed discussion of potential artifacts and excise portions of the sky close to the Galactic Center, Galactic Plane, nearby galaxies, and other expected contaminating sources. These catalogs are expected to enable a broad range of science, and we present a few illustrative cases. From the R90 sample, we identify 45 highly variable AGNs lacking radio counterparts in the FIRST survey. One of these sources, WISEA J142846.71+172353.1, is a changing-look quasar at z = 0.104, which has changed from having broad Hα to being a narrow-lined AGN. We characterize our catalogs by comparing them to large, wide-area AGN catalogs in the literature. We identify four ROSAT X-ray sources that are each matched to three WISE-selected AGNs in the R90 sample within 30″. Spectroscopy reveals that one of these systems, 2RXS J150158.6+691029, consists of a triplet of quasars at z = 1.133 ± 0.004, suggestive of a rich group or forming galaxy cluster.
The Impact of Nuclear Reaction Rate Uncertainties on the Evolution of Core-collapse Supernova Progenitors
Authors: Fields C. E. , Timmes F. X. , Farmer R. , Petermann I. , Wolf William M. , Couch S. M. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We explore properties of core-collapse supernova progenitors with respect to the composite uncertainties in the thermonuclear reaction rates by coupling the probability density functions of the reaction rates provided by the STARLIB reaction rate library with MESA stellar models. We evolve 1000 models of 15

from the pre-main sequence to core O-depletion at solar and subsolar metallicities for a total of 2000 Monte Carlo stellar models. For each stellar model, we independently and simultaneously sample 665 thermonuclear reaction rates and use them in a MESA in situ reaction network that follows 127 isotopes from 1H to 64Zn. With this framework we survey the core mass, burning lifetime, composition, and structural properties at five different evolutionary epochs. At each epoch we measure the probability distribution function of the variations of each property and calculate Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients for each sampled reaction rate to identify which reaction rate has the largest impact on the variations on each property. We find that uncertainties in the reaction rates of

, triple-α,

, 12C(12C,p)23Na, 12C(16O, p)27Al, 16O(16O,n)31S, 16O(16O, p)31P, and 16O(16O,α)28Si dominate the variations of the properties surveyed. We find that variations induced by uncertainties in nuclear reaction rates grow with each passing phase of evolution, and at core H-, He-depletion they are of comparable magnitude to the variations induced by choices of mass resolution and network resolution. However, at core C-, Ne-, and O-depletion, the reaction rate uncertainties can dominate the variation, causing uncertainty in various properties of the stellar model in the evolution toward iron core-collapse.
The GALEX/S4G Surface Brightness and Color Profiles Catalog. I. Surface Photometry and Color Gradients of Galaxies
Authors: Bouquin Alexandre Y. K. , Gil de Paz Armando , Muñoz-Mateos Juan Carlos , Boissier Samuel , Sheth Kartik , Zaritsky Dennis , Peletier Reynier F. , Knapen Johan H. , Gallego Jesús 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We present new spatially resolved surface photometry in the far-ultraviolet (FUV) and near-ultraviolet (NUV) from images obtained by the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) and IRAC1 (3.6 μm) photometry from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G). We analyze the radial surface brightness profiles μ
FUV, μ
NUV, and μ
[3.6], as well as the radial profiles of (FUV − NUV), (NUV − [3.6]), and (FUV − [3.6]) colors in 1931 nearby galaxies (z < 0.01). The analysis of the 3.6 μm surface brightness profiles also allows us to separate the bulge and disk components in a quasi-automatic way and to compare their light and color distribution with those predicted by the chemo-spectrophotometric models for the evolution of galaxy disks of Boissier & Prantzos. The exponential disk component is best isolated by setting an inner radial cutoff and an upper surface brightness limit in stellar mass surface density. The best-fitting models to the measured scale length and central surface brightness values yield distributions of spin and circular velocity within a factor of two of those obtained via direct kinematic measurements. We find that at a surface brightness fainter than μ
[3.6] = 20.89 mag arcsec−2, or below 3 × 108
M
⊙ kpc−2 in stellar mass surface density, the average specific star formation rate (sSFR) for star-forming and quiescent galaxies remains relatively flat with radius. However, a large fraction of GALEX Green Valley galaxies show a radial decrease in sSFR. This behavior suggests that an outside-in damping mechanism, possibly related to environmental effects, could be testimony of an early evolution of galaxies from the blue sequence of star-forming galaxies toward the red sequence of quiescent galaxies.
Thorgal, une masculinité « douce » comme modèle pour la jeunesse
Authors: Desfontaine Pierrick , Mesyngier Prune , Renaud Jean-Nicolas 
Published: January 2018

Thorgal est un incontournable de la BD francophone de ces trente dernières années. Son amour pour Aarica, sa haine pour Kriss de Valnor ainsi que son incroyable habilité au tir à l’arc ont fait de l’Enfant des étoiles un héros prisé par la jeunesse. Mais plus encore, la dimension profondément humaine de Thorgal interpelle : bon père de famille, mari aimant, il ne rêve que de vivre à la campagne avec sa famille et son chien Muff. En somme, le héros et l’homme se confondent et donnent à voir un nouveau modèle identificatoire de masculinité correspondant à la tendance de la fin du xx e siècle.
Conception sécularisée ou non-sécularisée de la science chez des élèves de sept pays
Authors: Wolfs José-Luis , García Redondo Eva , Espejo Vilar Belen , Lázaro Herrero Luján , Delhaye Coralie , Ekanga Lambert , Koffi Guillaume , Simsek Nikaïl , De Blasio Carolina , El Adek Hind 
Published: January 2018

Le constat du rejet total ou partiel de la théorie de l’évolution au nom de motifs religieux par des élèves dans différents pays amène à s’interroger – plus globalement – sur les facteurs influençant l’adoption ou non-adoption d’une conception sécularisée de la science. Cette recherche vise à examiner, à partir d’un questionnaire à réponses fermées, l’influence de deux facteurs : les convictions personnelles des élèves en matière de religion et la filière d’études (scientifique ou non). L’enquête a été réalisée dans sept pays présentant des caractéristiques différenciées en matière de sécularisation : la Belgique, l’Espagne, l’Italie, la Côte d’Ivoire, la République démocratique du Congo, le Maroc et la Turquie.
Jeu sérieux à l’université : quels apports sur l’engagement des équipes ?
Authors: Caraguel Valérie , Guiderdoni-Jourdain Karine 
Published: January 2018

Cet article présente les résultats d’une recherche-intervention portant sur les apports d’un jeu sérieux mené en équipe sur l’engagement des étudiants dans un dispositif de formation universitaire. Celle-ci a été réalisée auprès de 103 étudiants de Licence 3 au sein du département de Langues Étrangères Appliquées (LEA), dans le domaine du management de projet. Elle retrace la création d’un dispositif évolutif et bi-dimensionnel intégrant un jeu sérieux de gestion de projet, combinant virtuel et présence. Nos résultats illustrent un niveau de satisfaction important des étudiants et surtout un changement de regard sur la matière enseignée et leur mode d’apprentissage. Nos résultats confirment un fort engagement chez les étudiants associé au travail collectif. Plus étonnant, ils attestent d’un renforcement des compétences comportementales plus que des compétences spécifiques en management de projet.
L’évaluation des écoliers et collégiens, une approche comparative France-Japon
Authors: Merle Pierre , Hosoo Moeko 
Published: January 2018

Cet article a pour objet la comparaison des principes et pratiques d’évaluation des écoliers et collégiens en France et au Japon. Il repose sur les textes réglementaires, recherches et rapports relatifs aux modalités des évaluations scolaires dans ces deux systèmes éducatifs. À l’école primaire, il existe des proximités dans les pratiques évaluatives propres à chaque pays, différenciées toutefois par l’existence du redoublement des écoliers français. Au collège, les pratiques d’évaluation sont différenciées même si elles tendent à se rapprocher. Au Japon, le livret scolaire impose une évaluation par compétences alors que, dans le collège français, jusqu’à la rentrée 2016 au moins, l’évaluation par compétences demeure encore largement incomplète. Les différences entre les deux pays tiennent notamment à la réforme japonaise de 2001 des pratiques d’évaluation, et à l’échec relatif d’une telle réforme en France depuis 2005.
Une histoire de peste ou retour sur « l’horrible miracle d’Apollonios de Tyane »
Authors: Jacquel Alexandre 
Published: January 2018

Cet article se propose de revenir sur un épisode de la Vie d’Apollonios de Tyane de Philostrate, la peste d’Éphèse, et sur l’interprétation qui en a été faite par R. Girard dans son livre Je vois Satan tomber comme l’éclair . L’analyse de R. Girard témoigne, en effet, de la façon dont, pendant longtemps, le récit de Philostrate a été abordé : la recherche de l’« Apollonios historique » et la lecture de la vie du sage de Tyane à l’aune du christianisme et du Nouveau Testament. Ces deux approches, même si elles furent riches en découvertes, avaient l’inconvénient majeur de rester à la périphérie de l’œuvre et, dans le cas de l’analyse de R. Girard, d’aller contre le sens profond du texte. Aussi le présent article se propose-t-il de donner une nouvelle analyse de l’extrait, en prenant en compte la construction du récit et celle de la figure du sage. L’épisode de la peste d’Éphèse se révèle être une véritable réflexion sur le théâtre grec et les évolutions qu’il connaît sous l’Empire. Ainsi, bien loin d’être un rival du Christ, comme on l’a trop souvent réduit, Apollonios serait avant tout une figure permettant d’interroger l’hellénisme et la culture grecque au temps des empereurs de Rome.
La tradición historiográfica sobre catástrofes naturales en la Península Ibérica durante la Antigüedad y el supuesto tsunami del Golfo de Cádiz de 218-209 a.C.
Authors: Álvarez-Martí-Aguilar Manuel 
Published: January 2018

Résumé Dans les études récentes sur les événements à haute énergie marine dans la péninsule Ibérique pendant l’Antiquité, on finit par admettre l’historicité d’une série de tremblements de terre et de tsunamis entre 218 et 209 av. J.-C. dont la chronologie nécessite une révision critique. Dans cette étude, on identifie les sources originales de certaines traditions historiographiques sur les anciens cataclysmes dans la péninsule, particulièrement celui auquel il est fait allusion dans le Golfe de Cadix et on évalue sa fiabilité historique. Bien que les traces géomorphologiques montrent l’existence d’épisodes cataclysmiques dans le Sud-Ouest de la péninsule au premier millénaire av. J.-C., la question de leur datation précise reste encore à élucider.
Le théâtre dans la guerre en 1917 : hantises, compromis, décalages
Authors: Mégevand Martin 
Published: January 2018

Le contexte de la guerre hante toute la production théâtrale de l’année 1917, de ses œuvres phares, Parade , Les Mamelles de Tirésias et les soirées dadaïstes, à celles du théâtre de texte écrites ou publiées cette année-là. Envisagées dans la perspective des effets de la guerre sur les formes, les œuvres témoignent de deux difficultés symétriques : celles portées par une ambition de dire la guerre échouent, en dépit de leur inventivité, à en figurer la complexité quand d’autres manifestent des contradictions formelles singulièrement modernes, résultant du compromis avec les forces exercées sur elles par le contexte.