bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Underrepresented Quinolinone Alkaloids in Genera Penicillium and Aspergillus: Structure, Biology, and Biosynthetic Machinery
Authors: Moussa Ashaimaa Y. , Albelbisy Muhammad A. K. , Singab Abdel Nasser B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuinolone alkaloids are N‐heterocycles with extensive structural diversity, mainly derived from in fungi from anthranilic acid and amino acids as precursors with a wide range of biological activities as antifungal, antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, and insecticidal activities. The quinolone basic skeleton comprised of either 2‐quinolones or 4‐quinolones generated more than one hundred compounds. Several reviews discussed quinolones; particularly, the fluoroquinolones, yet few studies tackled natural quinolones. Many of these quinolones were not assayed for their antimicrobial potential despite their unique stereospecificity, which can supersede synthetic quinolones if their discovery is coupled with OMICS techniques, biochemical and molecular strategies as heterologous expression to maximize their yield. Herein, we conducted a comprehensive review of the quinolone's family in Aspergillus and Penicillium species, the exclusive producers of quinolones whether they are soil, endophytic or marine derived highlighting their isolation, chemical structures, pharmacological effects, structure activity relationships if any, and biosynthetic machinery. We believe that our initiative will pave the way for further development of natural quinolones as future antimicrobial agents.
Chemical Engineering View on the Silicone Oil Utilization in the Treatment of Retinal Detachment
Authors: Reháčková Monika , Veith Miroslav , Stavárek Petr , Zedniková Maria , Orvalho Sandra , Pěnkavová Věra , Jaklová Natalie , Maliková Sara , Klusoň Petr 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRetinal detachment is an acute condition in ophthalmology that needs an immediate surgical management. The treatment requires a replacement of the vitreous with a temporary substitute, usually based on a silicone oil. A certain number of patients experience adverse events during the treatment. It seems this phenomenon is related to the formation of emulsions in the affected eye. These appear macroscopically as heterogeneities resembling small droplets with a patchy occurrence in the vitreous substitute. Their existence represents a major complication that may lead to loss of vision. The heterogeneities are transported to regions of the eye in which they cause irreversible damage. The current state of knowledge describes the phenomenon and recommends certain intervention procedures. Here, specific attention is paid to the chemical engineering aspects of the utilization of silicone oils for the treatment of the retinal detachment. It is very likely that the process of tiny droplet formation leading to the development of emulsions is substantially controlled by the hydrodynamic conditions in the eye. The complexity of this statement is examined in this review text.
CoFe2O4 with the In‐Situ Formed Oxygen Vacancies and Co Particles as an Efficient Bifunctional Catalyst for Rechargeable Zinc‐Air Batteries
Authors: Ren Zhenghua , Zhang Tianhao , Jiang Sujie , Su Keke , Liu Wenfeng , Niu Fuquan , Shi Zhenpu , Lu Zhansheng , Cui Yuantao , Yang Shuting , Yin Yanhong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRechargeable zinc‐air batteries (RZABs) are considered as one of the most promising clean energy device due to their abundant resources, low cost and environmental friendliness. However, their energy efficiency and cycle life are far from satisfactory due to the poor activity and stability of bi‐functional electrocatalyst in air cathode. In this work, an efficient bi‐functional catalyst (rGO‐CoFe2O4/Co) was derived from its precursor (rGO‐CoFe2O4) through a simple annealing process. Electrochemical measurements prove that rGO‐CoFe2O4/Co with the in‐situ formed Co nano particles and rich oxygen vacancies appears excellent oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction catalytic activity compared to its counterpart. Its half‐wave potential is 0.81 V (vs RHE) and the OER overpotential is only 310 mV (vs RHE). In addition, rechargeable zinc‐air batteries assembled with rGO‐CoFe2O4/Co show the highest peak power density (128.9 mW cm−2) and cycling stability compared to rGO‐CoFe2O4 and commercial Pt/C‐RuO2 catalysts. This work provides a simple strategy for the design of advanced bifunctional catalysts.
Mo‐Doped α‐MnO2 for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Chen Ying , Yang Shujiao , Wang Ting , Li Sisi , Liu Xiaohan , Zhang Wei , Cao Rui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractManganese is a key metal involved in the catalysis of natural photosynthesis. Thus, the investigation of Mn‐based electrocatalysts for water oxidation is of high importance. This work reports the doping of Mo into α‐MnO2 nanorods to improve the water oxidation performance. The doping of Mo can transform the microstructure of α‐MnO2 from nanorods into nanosphere superstructures. As a dopant, Mo expands the α‐MnO2 lattice to result in a decrease in the average oxidation state of Mn and the generation of oxygen vacancies, which are beneficial to water oxidation catalysis. Under optimized doping, the overpotential of 2.34 wt.% Mo/α‐MnO2 is reduced by 80 mV (at 10 mA/cm2) compared with pure α‐MnO2.
Hierarchically Structured Catalysts Toward Sustainable Hydrogen Economy: Electro‐ and Thermo‐Chemical Pathways
Authors: Deng Chenxin , Zhao Binchao , Gao Pu‐Xian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrogen, as an important clean energy source, plays a more and more crucial role in decarbonizing the planet and meeting the global climate challenge due to its high energy density and zero‐emission. The demand for sustainable hydrogen is increasing drastically worldwide as driven by the global shift towards low‐carbon energy solutions. Thermochemical catalysis process dominates hydrogen production at scale given its relatively mature technology and commercialization status, as well as the established manufacturing infrastructure. While due to its environmentally friendly nature and growing abundant sources of renewable electricity, the electrochemical path for hydrogen production is rising as a major alternative to the thermochemical means. Nevertheless, hierarchically structured catalysts and devices have gradually taken the center stage toward replacing the traditional counterparts, especially with the rapid advancement of the design and manufacture of such ordered nanostructure assemblies toward high activity, efficient mass transport, and superb stability. In this review, the latest progress of the hierarchically structured catalysts for hydrogen production have been surveyed on electro‐ and thermo‐ chemical pathways comparatively. It covers the structure designs of atomic dispersion, nanoscale surfaces and interfaces for achieving highly active and durable catalysts, components, and devices. Both electrochemical and thermochemical approaches are reviewed in terms of the vast design details, engineered benefits, and understandings of various Pt‐group metal (PGM) and non‐PGM based transition metal catalysts for hydrogen production. As the growing trend, brief discussions are also presented toward the high‐level assembly and manufacture of complexly structured components and devices at scale in the electrochemical and thermochemical energy systems.
Biological Characteristics of the Glacier Lantern Fish Benthosema glaciale (Myctophidae) in Icelandic Waters and the Irminger Sea During Summer
Authors: Matthews Charlotte S. , Kennedy James , Ólafsdóttir Anna H. , Pampoulie Christophe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMyctophids are one of the most diverse and abundant fish families in the mesopelagic zone, making them a key component in the marine pelagic community. In the North Atlantic, Benthosema glaciale (glacier lantern fish) is considered the most abundant myctophid north of 35° N, yet some regions within its extensive range lack information on its basic biological parameters. We investigated the growth and described the distribution of B. glaciale in Icelandic waters, including the southern continental shelf, Iceland Basin, and Irminger Sea. Length distribution, growth, relative body condition, age, and otolith‐fish size relationships were analyzed from samples collected opportunistically with pelagic trawls during the International Ecosystem Summer Survey in the Nordic Seas (IESSNS) in July 2020. In total, 1374 individuals were caught, and only a subset of 225 were measured fresh at sea and 89 were frozen and dissected on land. Total lengths of fresh fish ranged from 38 to 85 mm, while dissected individuals ranged from 40 to 74 mm and were 2 to 6 years old. Located over the Reykjanes Ridge in the Iceland Basin region, individuals had a significantly higher mean standard length and mean age, and a lower mean body condition. We reported length–weight relationships for both fresh and frozen samples, indicating evidence that preserving of the specimens through freezing affected relationships. The von Bertalanffy growth curve was calculated along with significant otolith‐fish size relationships where r2 values ranged between 0.87 and 0.92. Our research highlights the importance of cross‐regional studies and provides baseline biology for B. glaciale in Icelandic waters, specifically in the southern continental slope and Reykjanes Ridge.
Relationship Between Genetic and Phenotypic Variations in Natural Populations of Perennial and Biennial Sagebrush
Authors: Oyundelger Khurelpurev , Großmann Lisa , Herklotz Veit , Harpke Dörte , Batlai Oyuntsetseg , Wesche Karsten , Ritz Christiane M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPlant responses to environmental heterogeneity depend on life‐history traits, which could relate to phenotypical and genetic characteristics. To elucidate this relationship, we examined the variation in population genetics and functional traits of short‐ and long‐lived Artemisia species that are co‐occurring in the steppes of Mongolia. Mongolian steppes represent stressful and water‐limited habitats, demanding phenotypic modifications in the short term and/or genetic adaptation in the long term. However, detailed knowledge is missing about both plant phenotypic and genetic differentiation, and their interrelationships in temperate grasslands. Here, we investigated 21 populations of the widely distributed subshrub Artemisia frigida and the herbaceous biennial Artemisia scoparia. Genetic variation was assessed with newly developed simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. Functional trait data were collected from each individual, and data on environmental variables was collected for each population. We detected significantly higher genetic diversity in the biennial species (HE = 0.86) compared with the perennial (HE = 0.79). For both species, the largest share of genetic variation was partitioned within populations (96%). Population genetic structure in the biennial A. scoparia was weak, while the perennial A. frigida showed some spatial genetic structure, which was impacted by geographical factors, soil nutrients, and precipitation amount. Morphology‐related functional traits (i.e., plant height) were predominantly associated with environmental variables rather than with genetic variation, whereas physiology‐related trait (i.e., specific leaf area [SLA]) was partly genetically determined.
Toward a Functional Trait Approach to Bee Ecology
Authors: Ostwald Madeleine M. , Gonzalez Victor H. , Chang Carrie , Vitale Nydia , Lucia Mariano , Seltmann Katja C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTFunctional traits offer an informative framework for understanding ecosystem functioning and responses to global change. Trait data are abundant in the literature, yet many communities of practice lack data standards for trait measurement and data sharing, hindering data reuse that could reveal large‐scale patterns in functional and evolutionary ecology. Here, we present a roadmap toward community data standards for trait‐based research on bees, including a protocol for effective trait data sharing. We also review the state of bee functional trait research, highlighting common measurement approaches and knowledge gaps. These studies were overwhelmingly situated in agroecosystems and focused predominantly on morphological and behavioral traits, while phenological and physiological traits were infrequently measured. Studies investigating climate change effects were also uncommon. Along with our review, we present an aggregated morphological trait dataset compiled from our focal studies, representing more than 1600 bee species globally and serving as a template for standardized bee trait data presentation. We highlight obstacles to harmonizing this trait data, especially ambiguity in trait classes, methodology, and sampling metadata. Our framework for trait data sharing leverages common data standards to resolve these ambiguities and ensure interoperability between datasets, promoting accessibility and usability of trait data to advance bee ecological research.
Microvascular obstruction in cardiac amyloidosis
Authors: Netti Lucrezia , Ioannou Adam , Martinez‐Naharro Ana , Razvi Yousuf , Porcari Aldostefano , Venneri Lucia , Maestrini Viviana , Knight Dan , Virsinskaite Ruta , Rauf Muhammad U. , Kotecha Tushar , Patel Rishi K. , Wechelakar Ashutosh , Lachmann Helen , Kellman Peter , Manisty Charlotte , Moon James , Hawkins Philip N. , Gillmore Julian D. , Fontana Marianna 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsCardiac amyloidosis (CA) is characterized by deposition of amyloid fibrils within the extracellular space, causing disarray of the myocardial structure and capillary architecture. This study aims to characterize the prevalence of microvascular obstruction (MVO) in patients with CA and to assess the association between MVO and prognosis.Methods and resultsThe study population comprised 800 patients, of which 400 had light‐chain CA (AL‐CA) and 400 had transthyretin CA (ATTR‐CA). MVO was present in 221 (27.6%) patients, and more common in ATTR‐CA than AL‐CA (124 [56.1%] vs. 97 [43.9%], p = 0.033). Patients with MVO had a more severe cardiac phenotype evidenced by higher N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (3516 ng/L [1944–6247] vs. 2508 ng/L [1203–5752], p < 0.001), worse global longitudinal strain (−10.5% [−12.6; −7.9] vs. −12.0% [−16.0; −8.9], p < 0.001), and higher extracellular volume (56% [51–61] vs. 50% [45–57], p < 0.001). Patients with AL‐CA and MVO had a higher serum troponin (86 ng/L [47–148] vs. 59 ng/L [44–78], p < 0.001), and higher T2 (53 ms [50–56] vs. 50 ms [48–52], p < 0.001), but lower extracellular volume (55% [50–60] vs. 58% [53–61], p = 0.008) and lower indexed myocyte cell volume (48.6 g/m2 [41.1–59.8] vs. 55.7 g/m2 [47.5–68.4], p < 0.001) than patients with ATTR‐CA and MVO. MVO was associated with an increased risk of mortality in the overall population (hazard ratio [HR] 1.28, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.59, p = 0.025), and the subgroup with AL‐CA (HR 1.59, 95% CI 1.17–2.17, p = 0.003) but not ATTR‐CA (HR 1.04, 95% CI 0.77–1.40, p = 0.814).ConclusionsMicrovascular obstruction is common in CA and is related to markers of amyloid infiltration. MVO is associated with an increased risk of mortality in AL‐CA, but not in ATTR‐CA. This reflects the intrinsic differences in disease biology between these two forms of CA, with MVO likely related to multiple myocardial processes, amyloid infiltration, oedema and myocyte death.
Coal‐wall spalling prevention mechanism using advance‐grooving pressure relief in the large‐mining‐height working face of a shallow coal seam
Authors: Hongwei Wang , Li Feng , Zhouyan Zhao , Yanjun Li , Peipei Cao , Jianqiang Jiao , Baolin Jiang , Yong Liu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn mining, the roof structure of a working face with a large mining height in a shallow‐buried coal seam is prone to cutting instability in front of the support, which causes support crushing and coal‐wall spalling. This study analyzes 2201 working faces with large mining heights in the Haiwan No. 3 Mine by investigating the mechanical response law of coal walls under the transient excitation of roof structure instability. A mechanical model of coal walls under dynamic and static load coupling is established, revealing the formation mechanism of coal wall spalling and its main influencing factors. Prevention and control technologies of advanced grooving and pressure relief are proposed, and grooving parameters are determined. The results show that: During the mining process of large mining height working face in shallow buried coal seam, the step change of static response of coal wall is induced by the transient instability of roof structure, and the high abutment pressure is formed on the coal wall. At the same time, the strain energy and gravitational potential energy of roof cutting instability are released to form a dynamic load. Under the action of dynamic and static load, the plastic failure dissipation power of the coal wall is greater than the critical power, and the coal wall spalling occurs. The main influencing factors are mining load, mining height, and internal friction angle of the coal wall. The method of advanced grooving pressure relief can change the roof structure and coal force mechanism, by cutting off the connection between the coal wall and immediate roof, reducing the height of the coal wall force, effectively controlling the position of the roof cut off break line, reducing the static load effect of the roof on the coal, and transferring the position of the dynamic load response to the depth of the coal wall. When the grooving height‐depth ratio k is 0.75, the peak value of the abutment pressure moves 5.57 m to the front of the working face, and the pressure relief effect is the best. The above research results provide an effective active protection method for controlling coal wall spalling in fully mechanised working face with large mining height.
Horticulture in education: A comprehensive insight into school gardening
Authors: Xu Jingcheng , Gao Xianyi , Lin Tingwei , Wang Wei , Xu Haijun , Xu Yunfei , Wang Xinxi , Cheng Xiaoqing , Chen Zengju , Tan Tingsheng , Qi Huijuan , Wang Ying , Hong Min , Liu Shudong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSchool gardening (SG) is the practice of using school grounds to establish horticultural spaces that are collaboratively designed and managed by teachers, students, volunteers, and others. SG offers plant cultivation areas, locations for students to cook, socialize, and relax, and a stress‐relieving environment. Now SG has gained popularity worldwide. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the benefits of SG, current challenges faced in the realm of SG, countermeasures to these issues, and precautions that should be taken account into when implementing SG. This paper is intended to serve as a valuable reference for guiding the continued advancement of SG initiatives in the future.
Effects of simultaneous intake of dietary fermented foods and processed meat products on the risk of colorectal cancer
Authors: Lee Da Young , Lee Seung Yun , Jeong Jae Won , Kim Jae Hyeon , Yun Seung Hyeon , Lee Juhyun , Mariano Ermie , Hur Sun Jin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of fermented food consumption on the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) related to processed meat intake using a mouse model. Processed meat products and fermented foods were supplemented to analyze heterocyclic amines (HCA) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels and the gut microbiota in mice. The study determined age to be a non‐influential factor. While HCAs were detected in all the processed meat samples, no CRC development was observed, even when they consumed excessive amounts of these processed meats, either alone or in combination with fermented foods. Bacteroides and Alistipes were the most predominant gut microbiota. Kimchi, soybean paste, and red pepper paste showed a decreasing trend in the ratio of these bacteria associated with gut inflammation, but the results were inconclusive because this trend was inconsistent. Therefore, this study found that fermented foods did not significantly affect CRC risk indicators associated with dietary processed meat intake, regardless of age.
Hydrolyzed milk infant formula effectively protects against milk protein allergy: Independent of whey protein source
Authors: Xie Qinggang , Liu Sibo , Cui Dongying , Liu Yang , Wang Xiangxin , Cao Ting , Xu Xiaoxi , Li Bailiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMilk protein sensitivity is a major challenge in infant feeding, especially for infants who cannot receive adequate breastfeeding. Hydrolyzed milk protein is a mainstream way to address this difficulty. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of differences in whey protein concentrate (WPC) source and the degree of hydrolysis on blocking allergy and to analyze the possible mechanisms by which hydrolyzed infant formula (IF) blocks allergy through colony‐metabolism–immunity response. First, we prepared six groups of goat's milk IF with unhydrolyzed, partially, and extensively hydrolyzed WPC, which come from cow's milk WPC and goat's milk WPC. Subsequently, we evaluated their effects on allergy. The results showed that the hydrolyzed IF improved the allergic characteristics of mice, including low levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), specific IgE, histamine, and mucosal mast cell protease‐1 (mMCP‐1). Furthermore, the hydrolyzed IF promoted the immune response of T helper 1 (Th1) and regulatory T (Treg) cells by enhancing the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of T‐box transcription factor 21 (T‐bet) and forkhead box protein P3 (Foxp3), which in turn suppressed the T helper 2 (Th2) overexpressed immune response in allergy (GATA‐binding protein 3 (GATA‐3) and retinoic‐acid‐receptor‐related orphan receptor gamma t (RORγt) mRNA expression, as well as interleukin 4 (IL‐4) and interleukin 5 (IL‐5) levels). Hydrolyzed IF promoted an increase in beneficial gut microbe Lactobacillus and Alistipes, which in turn promoted an increase in intestinal butyrate levels. The beneficial bacteria and their metabolized butyrate may have suppressed the abundance of the allergy‐characterizing bacterium Rikenellaceae‐RC9‐gut‐group. The final result we obtained was that for both cow's milk WPC and goat's milk WPC, at similar levels of hydrolysis, they did not bring about a significant effect on allergy symptoms. The hydrolyzed IF improved the allergic characteristics of mice, the deeper the degree of hydrolysis of WPC, the more obvious the effect of reducing allergic symptoms in model mice.
Are private hospital emergency departments in Australia distributed to serve the wealthy community?
Authors: Baazeem Mazen , Kruger Estie , Tennant Marc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study investigates the geographical distribution of private hospitals in Australian capital cities in relation to the Index of Relative Socioeconomic Disadvantage.MethodsUsing Geographic Information System analysis, the study examined how private hospitals are distributed across different socioeconomic quartiles, providing a comprehensive visualisation of health care accessibility.ResultsThe results indicate an unequal distribution with a substantial concentration of private hospitals within the vicinity of communities classified in the highest socioeconomic classification. This raises significant concerns about health care equity, particularly in light of the increased strain on health care systems before, during and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionsThis study underscores the need for targeted policy interventions to enhance the resilience and accessibility of the private health care sector, specifically targeting disadvantaged communities. It suggests that comprehensive, geographically‐informed data is crucial for policymakers to make informed decisions that promote health equity in the postpandemic landscape.