bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
4-Valent Human Papillomavirus (4vHPV) Vaccine in Preadolescents and Adolescents After 10 Years
Authors: Ferris Daron G. , Samakoses Rudiwilai , Block Stanley L. , Lazcano-Ponce Eduardo , Restrepo Jaime Alberto , Mehlsen Jesper , Chatterjee Archana , Iversen Ole-Erik , Joshi Amita , Chu Jian-Li , Krick Andrea Likos , Saah Alfred , Das Rituparna 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVES:
We describe the final 10-year data for the long-term follow-up study of the 4-valent human papillomavirus (4vHPV) vaccine in preadolescents and adolescents.

METHODS:
In the base study (V501-018), 1661 sexually inactive boys and girls received the 4vHPV vaccine (early vaccination group [EVG], managed for 9.9 years) or a placebo at day 1, month 2, and month 6. Thereafter, at month 30, the placebo group (catch-up vaccination group [CVG], managed for 7.4 years) received the 4vHPV vaccine by using the same dosing schedule. Long-term anti-HPV type 6, 11, 16, and 18 immune responses were assessed. Effectiveness was estimated by calculating the incidence rate of the primary endpoints (HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18–related disease or persistent infection).

RESULTS:
For HPV types 6, 11, and 16, 89% to 96% of subjects remained seropositive through 10-years postvaccination. The preadolescents had 38% to 65% higher geometric mean titers at month 7, which remained 16% to 42% higher at 10 years compared with adolescents. No cases of HPV type 6, 11, 16, and 18–related diseases were observed. Ten subjects had a persistent infection of ≥6 months duration with vaccine-type HPV and 2 subjects had persistent infection for ≥12 months. No new serious adverse events were reported through 10 years.

CONCLUSIONS:
A 3-dose regimen of the 4vHPV vaccine was immunogenic, clinically effective, and generally well tolerated in preadolescents and adolescents during 10 years of follow-up. These long-term findings support efforts to vaccinate this population against HPV before exposure.
Momentary Parental Stress and Food-Related Parenting Practices
Authors: Berge Jerica M. , Tate Allan , Trofholz Amanda , Fertig Angela R. , Miner Michael , Crow Scott , Neumark-Sztainer Dianne 
Published: November 2017

BACKGROUND:
Research suggests that stress and depressed mood are associated with food-related parenting practices (ie, parent feeding practices, types of food served at meals). However, current measures of parental stress, depressed mood, and food-related parenting practices are typically survey-based and assessed as static/unchanging characteristics, failing to account for fluctuations across time and context. Identifying momentary factors that influence parent food-related parenting practices will facilitate the development of effective interventions aimed at promoting healthy food-related parenting practices. In this study, we used ecological momentary assessment to examine the association between momentary factors (eg, stress, depressed mood) occurring early in the day and food-related parenting practices at the evening meal.

METHODS:
Children aged 5 to 7 years and their families (N = 150) from 6 racial and/or ethnic groups (n = 25 each African American, Hispanic/Latino, Hmong, American Indian, Somali, and white families) were recruited for this mixed-methods study through primary care clinics.

RESULTS:
Higher stress and depressed mood earlier in the day predicted pressure-to-eat feeding practices and fewer homemade foods served at meals the same night. Effect modification was found for certain racial and/or ethnic groups with regard to engaging in pressure-to-eat feeding practices (ie, America Indian, Somali) or serving fewer homemade meals (ie, African American, Hispanic/Latino) in the face of high stress or depressed mood.

CONCLUSIONS:
Clinicians may want to consider discussing with parents the influence stress and depressed mood can have on everyday food-related parenting practices. Additionally, future researchers should consider using real-time interventions to reduce parental stress and depressed mood to promote healthy parent food-related parenting practices.
Comparison of lipid levels in the diabetic and non diabetic patients: a study in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Veeramalla Vydehi , Madas Swetha 
Published: November 2017

Background: The incidence of coronary artery diseases is 3 to 5 times higher in both male and female diabetic patients compared to general population. Individuals with diabetes may have several forms of dyslipidemia leading to additive cardiovascular risk of hyperglycemia. This study was therefore conducted to identify the levels of lipidemia in the diabetic patients in our area.Methods: This study was conducted on 100 diabetic and 100 healthy patients, with 50 patients were males and 50 were females in both groups. Blood was collected in sodium fluoride tubes for all the patients for the estimation of glucose (both fasting and post prandial) and in serum tubes for lipids such as Triglycerides, Total cholesterol, High density cholesterol, Low density cholesterol and Very low density cholesterol.Results: The total cholesterol among the males who were diabetic was in the normal range in 46% and high in 20% of the patients. Among the control, i.e. non diabetic patients, 76% of them had total cholesterol in the normal range and high cholesterol levels were observed in only 8% of them. The levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL were significantly higher in the patients with diabetes, compared to the non diabetic patients. HDL in these patients was significantly low.Conclusions: The incidence of raised lipid levels in the diabetic patients is very high and since the elevated levels of lipids especially in these patients can lead to CHD and its complications, it is important for the monitoring of these levels throughout the course of the disease.
Asymptomatic bacteriuria and its associated factors in type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gurjar Dinesh , Mathur Akash , Sai Ramkrishna , Lakesar Arvind , Saxena Puneet 
Published: November 2017

Background: With the dawn of modern era the diabetes epidemic has spread over continents affecting the developed and the developing nations alike. Asymptomatic bacteriuria which is quite prevalent in the diabetic population is associated with increased diabetic complications and thereby increased morbidity. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the proportion of cases with asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) among type II diabetes mellitus patients as compared to non-diabetic healthy controls and studying the factors associated with ASB.Methods: 93 eligible type II diabetes mellitus cases without genitourinary symptoms or abnormalities along with 93 non-diabetic healthy controls were recruited. Mid-stream urine was collected after taking informed consent and each sample tested using the dipstick, microscopy and culture techniques. Isolates were identified using standard biochemical tests.Results: Prevalence of ASB in our study was found to be 34.4% among cases of type II diabetes mellitus while it was 6.45% among non-diabetic healthy controls. Amongst the diabetics with ASB 71.9 % were females and 28.13 % were males. E. Coli was isolated in 21 subjects among diabetic cases (22.58%) and in 5 subjects among non-diabetic healthy controls (5.38%). Fasting blood sugar (FBS) in diabetic cases group was 151.08 ± 48.16 and in control group was found to be 98.57 ± 25.95 (p<0.001). Mean duration of patients with DM who had ASB (32) was 8.46 ± 4.14 years and those who were culture negative was 4.59 ± 4.2 years (p < 0.05). 24 subjects (75%) out of 32 diabetic ASB cases had glycosuria compared to 27 subjects (44.26%) out of 61 culture negative cases (p < 0.05). 9 out of 32 (28.13%) diabetic ASB subjects had proteinuria compared to 4 out of 61 (6.56%) culture negative cases (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Overall prevalence of ASB was significantly more in diabetic population as compared to non-diabetic healthy controls (34.4% vs 6.45%). Females have an increased likelihood of developing ASB as compared to males. E. Coli was the most common pathogen isolated in ASB cases. Longer duration of diabetes and poor glycemic control are independent predictors for the development of ASB. The risk of ASB is also significantly increased in those with glycosuria and proteinuria.
Clinical and manometric profile of patients with GERD in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Deepalakshmi Kaliyaperumal , Vasanthi Ramesh , Venkatakrishnan Leelakrishnan , Karthikeyan Shanmugam 
Published: November 2017

Background: Abnormal esophageal motility and low Lower Esophageal Pressure (LES) play an integral role among various etiologies implicated in pathogenesis and severity of Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease (GERD). Delayed clearance of refluxate leads to prolonged mucosal exposure to gastro duodenal contents which promotes esophagitis and its complications. To find out the association of ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) and low Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES) pressure with endoscopic esophagitis in patients presenting with symptoms of GERD. Settings and designs: Prospective cross sectional study done in a tertiary medical care center in south India from October 2016 to March 2017.Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out among patients presenting with symptoms of GERD (heart burn and regurgitation,) at least twice per week for past three months. Based on their endoscopy findings patients with GERD are grouped into two having erosive and nonerosive reflux disease. After general and systemic clinical examination, High resolution Manometry was performed, and data was analyzed using Trace 1.2.3a V software. Statistical methods: Data was analysed using SPSS version 19. Chi square test was used to analyze categorical variables and independent ’t’ test was used for continuous variables.Results: A total of 66 patients with GERD symptoms were subjected to esophageal manometry. Out of these 66 patients 42 were males and 22 were females with their mean age 40.82±12.86 years. Among 66 patients presented with GERD symptoms 26.7% were found to have ineffective esophageal motility and only 11.7% had low LES pressure. Ineffective esophageal motility was also found to be more common among older age group individuals with their mean age being 44.64 ±14.154. Among the patients with erosive reflux disease (70.21%), 66.7% had low LES pressure and 75 % had IEM; the association was not statistically significant.Conclusions: The incidence of Ineffective esophageal motility in patients with GERD is found to be higher than that of low LES pressure. There was no significant association observed between IEM and low LES pressure with endoscopic esophagitis in patients with GERD.
Dyslipidaemia pattern amongst diabetic patients visiting a tertiary care hospital in Eastern Odisha
Authors: Behera Surendra Nath , Patro Shubhransu 
Published: November 2017

Background: With controlled blood sugar levels, the occurrence of dyslipidaemia can be reduced. Due to poor awareness and literacy being a major concern, there is an association in the incidence of dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular risk. Routine and timely observations can help health care professionals to reduce the future risk.Methods: The current study was initiated at the Department of Medicine, KIMS, Bhubaneswar (Odisha). It included in total 669 patients, who were assigned into two groups: Group 1(Diabetic) included 364 patients and Group 2 (Non-diabetic) included 305 patients. The study patients were screened using a pretested structured questionnaire. The plan and checklist were linked by unique identification code (ID). Data was gathered in a friendly atmosphere after obtaining informed consent.Results: In the current study, all characteristics of diabetes were correlated with each parameter and it was found that disproportionate body mass index, high waist girth was correlated with incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Literacy is one of the factor found intermediate responsible for CVD. The more educated, the more advances in current lifestyle is observed whereas due to illiteracy, awareness about health issues is less and both together result in increased incidence of CVD.Conclusions: Dyslipidaemia should be promptly diagnosed and treated aggressively to reduce the rate of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.
Rethinking Fracturing: The Problems With Bigger Fracs in Tighter Spaces
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: November 2017

The Problems With Bigger Fracs in Tighter Spaces
When a new well is being fractured, anyone with a producing well nearby needs to look out for hits.
The hydraulic pressure used to fracture a new well is likely to be felt in older wells nearby because fractures tend to grow toward zones where the pressure has been depleted by production.
“It is unrealistic to expect total avoidance in formations such as the Eagle Ford, Woodford, and Bone Springs,” said Mike Rainbolt, completions engineer, senior advisor for Apache Corp., adding “let me rephrase that—it is impossible.”
The risk of a hit is high in those plays in Texas and Oklahoma because hydraulic fracturing there is likely to create long planar fractures, whose growth can be magnified by aggressive fracturing designs used to maximize liquids production.
Damage caused by “frac hits” is the high-profile problem that has fanned interest in the larger, but less obvious issue of how fracturing affects the reservoir between tightly spaced wells. Rainbolt presented a 43-page paper by Apache (SPE 187192) at the 2017 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition in October, which offered a broad look at the problem with examples and ideas on how to manage it.
The impact of a hit can be big and immediate. The Apache paper included a look at a well whose production dropped 65% after a hit and remained down until it was treated.
But these fracturing-driven interactions may only be apparent with production analysis. Apache’s study found one pair of wells where the area fractured by the second well overlapped with the original well. As a result, it said “the existing well could have produced the reserves without the infill well.”

Stressed About Production? Consider a Chemical Cocktail
Field testing is beginning to confirm laboratory work that indicates it is possible to achieve significant spurts in unconventional oil production using cocktails of chemicals.
BHP Billiton has pumped a blend of chemicals along with low-salinity brine to pressure-up shut-in wells. The result of these jobs, intended to reduce the risk of damage due to fracturing nearby, has been higher production lasting for months, including an estimated 20,000 barrels of oil from one well (SPE 187420).
Apache used its chemical blend to speed recovery of wells that had production bashed by frac hits. Positive results led to tests on underperforming wells that delivered strong, but short-lived, production gains (SPE 187192).
“You have a chance of getting your well back,’ said Michael Rainbolt, completions engineer, senior advisor for Apache Corp. who presented the findings at the 2017 SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition.
Early tests using familiar chemicals and delivery methods have been reported in which the cost and the technical challenges associated with running a test are relatively low.
Long‐Term Tillage on Yield and Water Use of Grain Sorghum and Winter Wheat
Authors: Schlegel Alan J. , Assefa Yared , Haag Lucas A. , Thompson Curtis R. , Stone Loyd R. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Average sorghum yield advantage was 120% for no tillage over conventional tillage and 55% for reduced tillage over conventional tillage.Average wheat yield advantage was 31% for no tillage over conventional tillage and 12% for reduced tillage over conventional tillage.Available soil water at planting in soil profile was less for conventional tillage than both no tillage and reduced tillage for both crops.There was a decline in wheat yield over time due to increased seasonal temperature.
Tillage is among crop management factors that affect yield, profitability, and environmental quality. The objective of our study was to evaluate the effect of three long‐term tillage intensities; conventional tillage (CT), reduced tillage (RT), and no‐till (NT), on winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) yield, available soil water (ASW), and water productivity. The study was conducted near Tribune, KS, from 1991 through 2015 in a wheat–sorghum–fallow (WSF) rotation. The CT plots were tilled (primarily with a sweep plow), on average, four to five times per fallow season; NT plots used herbicides for weed control during fallow. The RT plots used a combination of herbicides and tillage for weed control during fallow prior to both crops for years 1991 to 2000; and, for the years 2001 to 2015, the RT system was NT before sorghum planting (short‐term NT) and CT before wheat planting. On average, there was a 31% wheat yield advantage for NT over CT, 16% NT over RT, and 12% RT over CT. On average, there was a 120% sorghum yield advantage for NT over CT, 41% NT over RT, and 55% RT over CT. Sorghum yields were 80% greater for continuous NT compared with short‐term NT (2001–2015 RT). The average of profile ASW at planting was less for CT compared with NT and RT. There was a significant yield and water productivity benefit in the order NT > RT > CT for both crops, but greater for sorghum than wheat.
Soil Applied Maleic Hydrazide Does Not Suppress Tobacco Axillary Bud Growth
Authors: Vann Matthew C. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Maleic hydrazide residues are a threat to the US tobacco industry.
Alternative application methods could prove beneficial.
Root absorption of maleic hydrazide appears to be limited.
With an increasing focus on maleic hydrazide (MH) residues and the need to sufficiently control axillary bud (sucker) growth, flue‐cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) producers would benefit from an alternative to the conventional foliar application method of the plant growth regulator. Research was conducted in four North Carolina environments from 2014 to 2015 to quantify the efficacy of soil applications of MH. Two rates of MH were selected (2.25 and 4.50 lb a.i./acre) and were applied in combination with one of three sucker control programs: foliar MH preceded by foliar flumetralin (F treatment), soil MH preceded by foliar flumetralin (SF treatment), or soil MH preceded by foliar fatty alcohol (SFA treatment). Ranging from 95 to 100%, sucker suppression was greatest in F treatments. In two Coastal Plain environments, the control in SF treatments was similar to that of F treatments; however, in the two Piedmont environments, the control was reduced by 30 to 50%. Sucker suppression was lowest in SFA treatments, particularly in the Piedmont environments, thus indicating that flumetralin was the likely source of suppression in SF treatments. No differences were observed between the two MH application rates evaluated. Given the observations of this study, it is unlikely that a soil application of MH will serve as an effective sucker control alternative to the standard foliar application used at present by commercial growers.
Documenting Trends in Energy Use and Environmental Practices on US Golf Courses
Authors: Gelernter Wendy D. , Stowell Larry J. , Johnson Mark E. , Brown Clark D. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Energy use on US golf courses has declined since 2008.
The greatest decreases were in electricity consumption.
Increased use of alternative energy sources, hybrid vehicles, and acreage reductions will result in further energy decreases in the future.
Since an initial 2008 survey that documented energy use and environmental practices on US golf courses, there has been an 8.3% decrease in annual energy use on 18‐hole facilities, from 2623 million Btu (MMBtu) per facility in 2008 to 2405 MMBtu in 2015. This decrease was primarily the result of reduced consumption of electricity since 2008, including adoption of behavioral and physical or design features for the purpose of energy conservation, increased use of onsite solar panels, adoption of written energy plans, and use of energy audits. From 2008 to 2015, there was a small increase (2.2%) in diesel fuel use, but little change in the use of all other energy sources including gasoline, natural gas, propane, and heating oil on 18‐hole facilities. There was a 7.8% decrease in overall energy use in the golf course industry as a whole, which came about as a result of behavioral changes in energy consumption (accounting for 39% of the decrease) and the reduced number of golf facilities in the United States since 2008 (accounting for 61% of the decrease). Future energy conservation efforts should be focused on electricity and fuel use, especially in golf maintenance activities, increased use of alternative energy sources, hybrid vehicles, reduced maintained acreage, and regular energy audits on which energy conservation plans can be based.
Pervaporative desalination of seawater using a polyvinylidene fluoride based membrane
Authors: Nigiz F. U. , Hilmioglu N. D. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Producing a fresh water supply by converting non-potable water is an attractive solution when water is scarce. According to the energy strategies of different countries, various seawater purification techniques such as distillation and reverse osmosis (RO) are used to produce fresh water. Due to the selective separation capability and cost-effective properties, membrane based methods such as RO, electrodialysis, and ultra/micro/nano/filtration are prevalent, especially in Europe. Recently, innovative desalination technologies have been investigated by researchers. Among them, pervaporative separation, in which non-porous membranes are used, appears to be an emerging and promising method. The key part of the system is the membrane. Hence, scientific investigations are focused on the production of high-performance membranes. In this study, non-porous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) blend membranes were prepared in different PVDF/PVP ratios and Marmara seawater was desalinated using the pervaporation method at different temperatures. Desalination performance was evaluated as a function of flux and salt retention. The highest salt retention of 99.90% and flux of 1.60 kg/m2.h were obtained at 60 °C when the PVDF/PVP ratio was 1.5.
Recent Progress of Crosslinking Strategies for Polymeric Micelles with Enhanced Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Fan Wei , Zhang Luye , Li Yiwen , Wu Haoxing 
Published: November 2017

Background:
The drug delivery by versatile types of self-assembled micelles for tumor
treatment, which improved the diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness, is advocated. However, despite
the numerous advantages, applications of most micelle system have been retarded by low in vivo
bio-stability which led to premature drug release and nonspecific tissue accumulation. To date, a range
of chemistries has been introduced in intermolecular non-covalent/covalent crosslinking strategies for
these dynamic nanostructures to produce robust functional nanoparticles with enhanced circulation
stability and lower non-targeted organ toxicity.

Objective:
We focused on recent developments in crosslinking polymeric nanoparticles in cancer therapy.

Methods:
Types of chemistries used in the crosslinking strategies of the micelles are outlined and their
enhanced drug delivery abilities are discussed.

Results:
We reviewed one hundred and nineteen papers and discussed in six aspect. More than 30 examples
have been carefully discussed.

Conclusion:
Over the last decade, numerous of strategies for micelles crosslinking, such as disulfide
coupling, free radical polymerization, physical interactions, chelation, and formation of microenvironment-
responsive bonds, have been developed for enhancing micelles circulation stability, minimizing
organ toxicity and achieving higher tumor targeting specificity. The application of these chemistries
for micelle stabilizing might bring a new generation of versatile crosslinked micelles with enhanced
therapeutic index and facilitate their further clinical translations.