bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diet‐induced obesity causes visceral, but not subcutaneous, lymph node hyperplasia via increases in specific immune cell populations
Authors: Magnuson A. M. , Regan D. P. , Fouts J. K. , Booth A. D. , Dow S. W. , Foster M. T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe spatial proximity of adipose depots to secondary lymph nodes allows a unique relation between the two systems. Obesity, predominately visceral adiposity, links to numerous diseases; hence, we postulate that secondary lymphatics within this region contributes to disease risk.Material and methodsMale C57BL/6 mice were fed standard CHOW (18% kcal fat) or Western diet (45% kcal fat) for 7 weeks. Visceral and subcutaneous lymph nodes and associated adipose depots they occupy were excised. Lymph node morphology and resident immune cell populations were characterized via histopathology, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Adipose tissue immune cell populations were also characterized.ResultsObesity caused lymph node expansion, increased viable cell number and deviations in immune cell populations. These alterations were exclusive to visceral lymph nodes. Notably, pro‐inflammatory antigen presenting cells and regulatory T cells increased in number in the visceral lymph node. Obesity, however, reduced T regulatory cells in visceral lymph nodes. The visceral adipose depot also had greater reactivity towards HFD than subcutaneous, with a greater percent of macrophages, dendritic and CD8+ T cells. Immune cell number, in both the visceral and subcutaneous, however decreased as adipose depots enlarged.ConclusionOverall, HFD has a greater influence on visceral cavity than the subcutaneous. In the visceral lymph node, but not subcutaneous, HFD‐induced obesity decreased cell populations that suppressed immune function while increasing those that regulate/activate immune response.
Stationäre Hauttumorpatienten – Psychosoziale Belastung und Unterstützungswunsch
Authors: Buchhold Britta , Arnold Andreas , Lutze Stine , Jülich Andreas , Winkler Monique , Bahlmann Johannes , Eggert Claudia , Jünger Michael , Hannich Hans‐Joachim 
Published: August 2017

ZusammenfassungHintergrundEine wichtige Basis für adäquate psychoonkologische und soziale Betreuung von Tumorpatienten bildet die regelmäßige Erhebung der psychosozialen Belastung. In entsprechende Studien mit Hauttumorpatienten wurden bisher hauptsächlich Melanompatienten eingeschlossen.Ziele(1) Variiert der psychosoziale Betreuungsbedarf in Abhängigkeit von der Hauttumordiagnose? (2) Wünschen belastete Patienten Unterstützung? (3) Welchen potenziellen Ansprechpartner aus dem Behandlerteam wählen die Patienten?Patienten und MethodikStationäre Hauttumorpatienten wurden gebeten, ihre psychosoziale Situation mittels Hornheider Fragebogen einzuschätzen. Erfragt wurden zudem der Wunsch nach psychosozialer Unterstützung und die bevorzugte Profession des potenziellen Ansprechpartners.ErgebnisseDer Betreuungsbedarf der 116 Patienten variiert signifikant mit der Diagnose (p = 0,007). Beim direkten Vergleich der Patienten mit malignem Melanom (n = 38; 32,8 %) und Plattenepithelkarzinom (n = 9; 7,8 %) (p = 0,724) bzw. sonstigen Hauttumorerkrankungen (n = 20; 17,2 %) (p = 0,366) ist dieser Unterschied nicht ersichtlich. Psychosoziale Belastung (n = 49; 42,2 %) und Unterstützungswunsch (n = 20; 17,4 %) der Patienten weichen deutlich voneinander ab. Patienten wählen hauptsächlich Arzt (n = 14/35) und Psychologen (n = 13/35) als potenzielle Ansprechpartner bei seelischer Belastung.SchlussfolgerungenNeben der psychosozialen Belastung sollte der Unterstützungswunsch erhoben und weitere Zugangswege zu psychosozialen Angeboten geebnet werden. Eine bevorzugte oder gar ausschließliche Beachtung von Patienten mit malignem Melanom in der klinischen Praxis sowie in der Forschung zum psychosozialen Betreuungsbedarf erscheint nicht gerechtfertigt.
Geography, policy, or productivity? Regional trade in five South American countries, 1910–50
Authors: Badia‐Miró Marc , Carreras‐Marín Anna , Meissner Christopher M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRegional trade in South America since independence has long been much smaller than would be expected if geography were the only constraint on trade. Several potential explanations exist, including low technological and demand complementarities; low productivity; and high natural and policy barriers to trade. Focusing on the latter explanations, policy makers have long advocated a South American/Southern Cone Free Trade Area—proposed as early as 1889. Would reductions in trade costs have been sufficient to raise trade significantly, or was trade low for other reasons? We study bilateral trade between 1910 and 1950, when large external shocks altered global supply and demand. These shocks help us show that intra‐regional trade could have been boosted by reductions in trade costs. Trade among Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, and Peru could have benefited from more benign trade policies or better infrastructure. Regional trade in textiles, which took off from the 1930s, supports our argument that trade improved when trade costs fell.
Distance to screening site and older adults’ participation in cognitive impairment screening
Authors: Harada Kazuhiro , Lee Sangyoon , Shimada Hiroyuki , Lee Sungchul , Bae Seongryu , Anan Yuya , Harada Kenji , Suzuki Takao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimTo develop intervention strategies that promote screening for cognitive impairment, it is essential to identify the modifiable predictors for participation in screening. The present study aimed to examine whether a shorter distance to the screening site predicted participation in screening for cognitive impairment, and whether interactive effects of the distance and psychological factors on the participation would be observed among community‐dwelling older adults.MethodsThe study used a prospective design. After a baseline questionnaire survey, participation in screening for cognitive impairment was followed for 6 months (n = 9616). The distance to the screening site was measured by road distance from each residential address and categorized into four groups (<1 km, 1–1.99 km, 2–2.99 km, ≥3 km). The questionnaire measured psychological factors (behavioral intention and perceived benefits of screening), driving status and demographic factors.ResultsA logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the <1 km group, the 2–2.99 km (adjusted odds ratio 0.62, P = 0.040) and ≥3 km (adjusted odds ratio 0.54, P = 0.015) groups did not participate in screening after adjusting for psychological and demographic factors, and driving status. The interaction of the distances and psychological factors on participation were not significant.ConclusionsThe distance to the screening site predicted participation in cognitive impairment screening among older adults regardless of their psychological status. This finding shows that improving access to screening sites would be effective for promoting screening for cognitive impairments among both low and highly motivated older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 146–153.
A Proposed Method to Estimate In Situ Dissolved Gas Concentrations in Gas‐Saturated Groundwater
Authors: Tamamura Shuji , Miyakawa Kazuya , Aramaki Noritaka , Igarashi Toshifumi , Kaneko Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGas‐saturated groundwater forms bubbles when brought to atmospheric pressure, preventing precise determination of its in situ dissolved gas concentrations. To overcome this problem, a modeling approach called the atmospheric sampling method is suggested here to recover the in situ dissolved gas concentrations of groundwater collected ex situ under atmospheric conditions at the Horonobe Underground Research Laboratory, Japan. The results from this method were compared with results measured at the same locations using two special techniques, the sealed sampler and pre‐evacuated vial methods, that have been developed to collect groundwater under its in situ conditions. In gas‐saturated groundwater cases, dissolved methane and inorganic carbon concentrations derived using the atmospheric sampling method were mostly within ±4 and ±10%, respectively, of values from the sealed sampler and pre‐evacuated vial methods. In gas‐unsaturated groundwater, however, the atmospheric sampling method overestimated the in situ dissolved methane concentrations, because the groundwater pressure at which bubbles appear (Pcritical) was overestimated. The atmospheric sampling method is recommended for use where gas‐saturated groundwater can be collected only ex situ under atmospheric conditions.
Principles of treating enlarging pseudoaneurysm in a dialysis arteriovenous graft
Authors: Patel Daniel V. , Vachharajani Tushar J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe arteriovenous graft (AVG) is one of the major types of permanent vascular access used to provide hemodialysis. Complications encountered with AVG use include stenosis, infection, thrombosis, and pseudoaneurysm formation. Venous outflow stenosis along with frequent needle cannulation at the same site can lead to breakdown of the graft material, resulting in pseudoaneurysm formation. In the following case, we illustrate common management principles used to treat pseudoaneurysms. While stent‐grafts have been utilized for pseudoaneurysm repair, stent‐graft usage is not always optimal. Surgical management may be an ideal choice of treatment. The role of educating the dialysis staff and patients is essential to identify and minimize the risk of pseudoaneurysm formation.
Treading on sacred ground? Confronting the Anzac myth in higher education
Authors: Kilmister Michael , Bennett James , Ford Margot , Debenham Jennifer 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Anzac legend, with its firm grip on popular abstractions of Australian history, nationhood, and identity, incites trepidation in the university History teacher like few other topics. Casting a critical eye over the Anzac metanarrative can also be disquieting for students unfamiliar with scholarly History and method because their conceptions of identity, both individual and national, are disrupted. In the tertiary classroom, popular understandings collide not only with scholarship but also with professional and ethical requirements. In a generic History course, which includes many teacher education students, our trepidation to teach Anzac is highlighted. We argue that many young people belong to a state‐sanctioned conceptualisation of Anzac. This highly nationalistic interpretation is partly reinforced in schools, by certain sections of the media as well as other corporate and political interests. Prompted by the centenary of Anzac, the article suggests that an appreciation of students' existing knowledge and conceptions of the subject become the starting point for engaging with such a contentious topic. This is especially important because the Anzac legend is an evolving, malleable myth that means different things to different people. The article argues that eliciting students' views on Anzac as an entry point enables tertiary teachers to craft strategies to overcome the resilience of the myth.
The Kingdom of Upper Burgundy and the East Frankish Kingdom at the beginning of the 10th century
Authors: Hauff Andrea 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough the source base concerning the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy in general is limited, contacts to the East Frankish Kingdom are documented in considerable proportion. This article takes a closer look at the special relationship between Upper Burgundy and the East Frankish Kingdom and analyses which role the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy played among the post‐Carolingian kingdoms at the beginning of the 10th century. It focuses on the reign of Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy (912–937), as the beginning of his reign in 912 almost coincides with that of Conrad I (911–918), the first non‐Carolingian ruler of the East Frankish Kingdom. First, the historical development of the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy and its ruling dynasty, the Rudolfians, is roughly sketched out. Next, the article provides an overview of political interactions between the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy and the East Frankish Kingdom during the reign of Rudolph II of Upper Burgundy, dealing, in particular, with the transfer of the Holy Lance. Finally, by exceeding the narrow conceptual framework of vassalage, this article suggests to reassess the complex relationship between the Kingdom of Upper Burgundy and the East Frankish Kingdom.
Quarantined histories: Sindh and the question of historiography in Colonial India—Part II
Authors: Asif Manan Ahmed 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis essay examines histories of colonial British India and the annexation of Sindh in 1843 from two perspective. The first is the colonial historiographic project that frames the history of Islam in India, creates an archive for its study, and produces the political and military dominance of Sindh. Fundamentally, it argues that Muslims in India cannot produce their own histories for they lack the language and archives for scientific objectivity. In response, a set of Indian intellectuals take on the project of writing histories of Sindh from the 1890s to 1950s. These histories are written in direct dialogue with the colonial archive and insist on their engagement with social scientific methodologies and tools. In re‐thinking this past, the essay argues that vernacular historiography was itself deemed un‐scientific by modern South Asian historians and abandoned as not “proper history.” This essay thus reflects on the after‐effects of a truncated conversation on history for both anti‐colonial thought and histories of anti‐colonialism.
Jewish Morocco: Religious and national identity during the French Protectorate
Authors: Hissong Kristin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article explores the complex layers of religious and national identity among Moroccan Jews during the French Protectorate, 1912–1956. Self‐assigned or state‐applied identity labels and language do not help to account for the diversity of nations or members of nation‐states. If one refers to the “Arab people,” this term does not reflect the diverse ethnic, religious, and national groups among this label. Located geographically and demographically between Africa and the Middle East and, equally, the Arab world and Europe, Morocco highlights the coming together of multiple identities and narratives. Though the Morocco of 1956, and the years leading to independence, came to construct and develop a religious and national identity that centered on Arab‐Islamic notions of its past and present, French Protectorate Morocco was a heterogeneous society comprised of Berber, Jewish, Muslim, and colonial influences that complicate an Arab‐Islamic understanding of this time. In the years since independence, scholars have built a considerable body of literature on the topic of Protectorate‐era Morocco and its Jewish communities. This article presents a thorough reading and understanding of the existing body of literature on Jewish Morocco and highlights key gaps that demand further investigation and representation.
Assessing the practice of palliative care doctors: what driving advice do they give patients with advanced disease?
Authors: Weir Nashringi , Fischer Amanda , Good Phillip 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is little research and no clear guidelines for clinicians to follow when instructing patients with advanced disease about driving.AimsTo investigate current practice in providing advice to patients with advanced disease and identify areas of consensus or variation with the Australian driving guidelines.MethodsAn online survey was distributed to Australian members of the Australian and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine. Responses were analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe survey was distributed to 322 Australian and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine members and received 92 responses (29% response rate). Most respondents were aware of the driving guidelines (76%) and about half of the respondents had read the driving guidelines (55%). The majority of respondents had been asked to provide advice about driving to their patient or patient's caregiver (91%). Most respondents had asked a patient to stop driving (94%), but only 27% had reported a patient to the Driver Licensing Authority. Only 14% of respondents were in consensus with the guidelines in providing driving advice to a patient with asymptomatic brain metastases. Most doctors (64%) advise patients to refrain temporarily from driving post‐short‐acting oral morphine, with 4 h (36%) being the most common time period for not driving.ConclusionsThis is the first survey investigating the practice of Australian doctors in assessing fitness to drive of patients with advanced disease. The survey found wide variability in practice and substantial discordance with current driving guidelines.
The fracture toughness of inorganic glasses
Authors: Rouxel Tanguy , Yoshida Satoshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMeasuring the fracture toughness (KIc) of glasses still remains a difficult task, raising experimental and theoretical problems as well. The available methods to estimate KIc are reviewed, with emphasis on their respective advantages and drawbacks. In view of our current understanding, this analysis gives precedence to the SEPB method. The ultimate glass strength, the critical flaw size, and the indentation load for the onset of crack initiation are discussed, in the light of the fundamentals of fracture mechanics and classical background regarding the mechanics of brittle materials. Analytical expressions were further proposed to predict the fracture energy and fracture toughness of glasses from different chemical systems from their nominal compositions. The theoretical values were compared with the experimental ones, as obtained by self‐consistent methods when available. The agreement observed in most cases suggests that measured KIc values correspond to the crack propagation regime (as opposed to the crack initiation threshold), and supports previous investigations in glasses and ceramics, which showed that a crack tip is nearly atomically sharp in these materials (but for metallic glasses). Some ideas to design tougher glasses are finally presented.
Nano Ca(OH)2synthesis using a cost‐effective and innovative method: Reactivity study
Authors: Taglieri Giuliana , Daniele Valeria , Macera Ludovico , Mondelli Claudia 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCa(OH)2nanoparticles in hydro‐alcoholic dispersion (nanolime) are currently used for eco‐compatible treatments of carbonate‐based substrates in the field of Cultural Heritage conservation. Unfortunately, at present nanolime is synthesized by processes which present some drawbacks (considerable cost, multiple steps, low specific production yield), thus limiting the potential of its applications. We have developed a single‐step procedure, based on an ion exchange process, making it possible to produce pure and crystalline Ca(OH)2nanoparticles easily in water, at room temperature and ambient pressure, starting from cheap or renewable reactants. The simplicity of the process and its time‐ and energy‐saving aspects are very promising factors for extending the production from laboratory to industrial scale. The aim of this paper is to investigate the structural and morphological features of the nanoparticles produced and to analyze the influence of crucial parameters of the synthesis process (i.e., time, water usage, reagent concentration and reaction volume) on the nanoparticles’ characteristics. The nanolime produced is investigated byXRD,FTIR,TEM, andAFMtechniques. The nanoparticle reactivity in the carbonation process is also investigated, by varying the suspension concentration, the solvent and relative humidity conditions. Pure, crystalline, and very reactive Ca(OH)2nanoparticles are obtained. The nanoparticles are constituted of thin lamellas, composed of primary hexagonal nanoparticles <10 nm, irrespective of time, water employed, reagents concentration, and reaction volume.
Structural and piezoelectric properties of <001> textured PZT‐PZNN piezoelectric ceramics
Authors: Lee Tae‐Gon , Lee Ho‐Jun , Park Su‐jin , Lee Tae‐Ho , Kim Dae‐hyeon , Hong Chang‐Hyo , Xu HaiBo , Kang Chong‐Yun , Nahm Sahn 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRhombohedral 0.69Pb(Zr0.47Ti0.53)‐0.31Pb(Zn0.6Ni0.4)NbO3 (PZT‐PZNN) ceramics were textured using 10.0 vol. % BaTiO3 (BT) platelets along the <001> direction at 950°C with a high Lotgering factor of 95.3%. BT platelets did not react with the PZT‐PZNN ceramics, and the textured PZT‐PZNN ceramic had a tetragonal structure. The PZT‐PZNN ceramics exhibited a strain of 0.174% with a piezoelectric strain constant (d*33) of 580 pC/N at 3.0 kV/mm. The textured PZT‐PZNN ceramic showed an increased strain of 0.276% and d*33 of 920 pC/N at 3.0 kV/mm, which can be explained by the domain rotation. However, the d33 values of the textured specimens are smaller than those of the untextured specimens because of the small remanent polarization and relative dielectric constant of BT platelets. The textured PZT‐PZNN ceramic synthesized in this work can be used for piezoelectric multilayer actuators because of its large strain and low sintering temperature.
Looking forward to helping: The effects of prospection on prosocial intentions and behavior
Authors: Baumsteiger Rachel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThree experiments were conducted to further examine how prospection (i.e., thinking about the future) fosters prosociality. In Study 1 (n = 238), participants who wrote about the future expressed significantly stronger prosocial intentions than people who wrote about the past. In a similar study (n = 87), participants who wrote about the future were significantly more likely to behave prosocially than those who wrote about the past. In Study 3 (n = 203), mediational analyses revealed that prospection and optimism each predicted positive affect, which then predicted stronger prosocial intentions. These findings extend previous work by demonstrating that prospection enhances general prosocial intentions, that this effect extends to prosocial behavior, and that the effect is partially mediated by positive affect.