bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Associations Among Pain, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms, and Stress Appraisals
Authors: Vaughan Christine A. , Miles Jeremy N.V. , Eisenman David P. , Meredith Lisa S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractComorbidity of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and pain is well documented, but the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity are not well understood. Cross‐lagged regression models were estimated with 3 waves of longitudinal data to examine the reciprocal associations between PTSD symptom severity, as measured by the Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), and pain, as measured by a brief self‐report measure of pain called the PEG (pain intensity [P], interference with enjoyment of life [E], and interference with general activity [G]). We evaluated stress appraisals as a mediator of these associations in a sample of low‐income, underserved patients with PTSD (N = 355) at federally qualified health centers in a northeastern metropolitan area. Increases in PTSD symptom severity between baseline and 6‐month and 6‐ and 12‐month assessments were independently predicted by higher levels of pain (β = .14 for both lags) and appraisals of life stress as uncontrollable (β = .15 for both lags). Stress appraisals, however, did not mediate these associations, and PTSD symptom severity did not predict change in pain. Thus, the results did not support the role of stress appraisals as a mechanism underlying the associations between pain and PTSD.
Coupled nitrification–denitrification leads to extensive N loss in subtidal permeable sediments
Authors: Marchant Hannah K. , Holtappels Moritz , Lavik Gaute , Ahmerkamp Soeren , Winter Christian , Kuypers Marcel M. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe investigated microbial pathways of nitrogen transformation in highly permeable sediments from the German Bight (South‐East North Sea) by incubating sediment cores percolated with 15N‐labeled substrates under near in situ conditions. In incubations with added
, production of
occurred while the sediment was oxic, indicating ammonia oxidation. Similarly,
production during
incubations indicated nitrite oxidation. Taken together these findings provide direct evidence of high nitrification rates within German Bight sands. The production of 15N‐N2 on addition of
revealed high denitrification rates within the sediment under oxic and anoxic conditions. Denitrification rates were strongly and positively correlated with oxygen consumption rates, suggesting that denitrification is controlled by organic matter availability. Nitrification and denitrification rates were of the same magnitude and the rapid production of 15N‐N2 in incubations with added
confirmed close coupling of the two processes. Areal rates of N‐transformation were estimated taking advective transport of substrates into account and integrating volumetric rates over modeled oxygen and nitrate penetration depths, these ranged between 22 μmol N m−2 h−1 and 94 μmol N m−2 h−1. Furthermore, results from the 15N‐labeling experiments show that these subtidal permeable sediments are, in sharp contrast to common belief, a substantial source of N2O. Our combined results show that nitrification fuels denitrification by providing an additional source of nitrate, and as such masks true N‐losses from these highly eutrophic sediments. Given the widespread occurrence of anthropogenically influenced permeable sediments, coupled benthic nitrification–denitrification might have an important but so far neglected role in N‐loss from shelf sediments.
Chronic hypoxia in pregnancy affects thymus development in Balb/c mouse offspring via IL2 Signaling
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhou Xiuwen , Li Lingjun , Sun Miao , Gao Qingqing , Zhang Pengjie , Tang Jiaqi , He Yu , Zhu Di , Xu Zhice 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARYHypoxia during pregnancy can adversely affect development. This study, addressed the impact of prenatal hypoxia on thymus development in the rodent offspring. Pregnant Balb/c mice were exposed to hypoxia or normoxia during pregnancy, and the thymuses of their offspring were tested. Chronic hypoxia during pregnancy resulted in significantly decreased fetal body weight, with an increased thymus‐to‐body weight ratio. Histological analysis revealed a smaller cortical zone in the thymus of the offspring exposed to hypoxia. A reduction in the cortical T lymphocyte population corresponded to increased mRNA abundance of caspase 3 (Casp3) and decreased expression of the proliferation marker Ki‐67 (Mki67). Differences in T lymphocyte sub‐populations in the thymus further indicate that thymus development in offspring was retarded or stagnated by prenatal hypoxia. The abundance of IL2 and its receptor was reduced in the thymus following prenatal hypoxia. This was accompanied by an increase in thymus HIF1A and IKKβ and a decrease in phosphorylated NFKB, MAP2K1, and MAPK1/3 compared to control pregnancies. Together, these results implicate deficiencies in IL2‐mediated signaling as one source of prenatal‐hypoxia‐impaired thymus development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 337–346, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reflection–transmission matrix method for the consolidation of a multilayered saturated soil
Authors: Lu Jian‐Fei , Shen Rong‐Feng , Shi Meng‐Qin 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe consolidation of the layered saturated soil is an important issue in civil engineering and has been investigated extensively during the past decades. In this study, based on the Biot's theory, the reflection–transmission matrix (RTM) method for treating the layered saturated soil under axisymmetric consolidation is developed. To decouple the governing equations of the Biot's theory, the McNamee displacement functions are introduced, and the general solution for the saturated soil is obtained using the Laplace and Hankel transforms. In order to develop the RTM method for the layered saturated soil, based on the obtained general solution, the static wave vector corresponding to the state vector of the saturated soil and the transform matrix relating the aforementioned two vectors are defined. Also, the transfer matrices corresponding to the two vectors are introduced, and the representations of the RTMs for the static wave vector of the saturated soil are presented. As the state vector, static wave vector, and the transform matrix relating the two vectors are all defined in the global coordinate system, the RTMs obtained in this study thus have a reasonable physical meaning. By using the RTMs for the layered saturated soil, the solutions for the layered saturated soil subjected to external sources are derived. Comparison of results due to the proposed RTM method with some existing results and results due to the transfer matrix method validates the developed RTM method. Some numerical results are obtained based on the proposed RTM method for the layered saturated soil. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A two‐scale generalized finite element approach for modeling localized thermoplasticity
Authors: Plews J. A. , Duarte C. A. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPredicting localized, nonlinear, thermoplastic behavior and residual stresses and deformations in structures subjected to intense heating is a prevalent challenge in a range of modern engineering applications. The authors present a generalized finite element method targeted at this class of problems, involving the solution of intrinsically parallelizable local boundary value problems to capture localized, time‐dependent thermo‐elasto‐plastic behavior, which is embedded in the coarse, structural‐scale approximation via enrichment functions. The method accommodates approximation spaces that evolve in between time or load steps while maintaining a fixed global mesh, which avoids the need to map solutions and state variables on changing meshes typical of traditional adaptive approaches. Representative three‐dimensional examples exhibiting localized, transient, nonlinear thermal and thermomechanical effects are presented to demonstrate the advantages of the method with respect to available approaches, especially in terms of its flexibility and potential for realistic future applications in this area. Parallelism of the approach is also discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Several Infra‐cranial Non‐metric Variations in a Single Neolithic individual: A Common Genetic Underlying Predisposition?
Authors: Verna E. , Villotte S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractNon‐metric variations have been the subject of anatomical and anthropological studies for more than a century. In this study, we present an individual from Sion (Canton of Valais, Southern Switzerland) dated from the Middle Neolithic who shows evidence for four non‐metric variations. This young adult male presents an os acromiale, spondylolysis, a bipartite patella, and bilateral calcaneus secundarius. These non‐metric variations have a low frequency in most populations (less than 10%), and for each of them the origin is usually considered to be genetic, environmental, or a combination of both. This case is of interest for understanding the potential genetic origin of these non‐metric variations as well as for demonstrating their usefulness in bioarcheological analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H∞ state‐feedback controller design for continuous‐time nonhomogeneous Markov jump systems
Authors: Ding Yucai , Liu Hui , Shi Kaibo 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThis paper studies the problem of H∞ state‐feedback controller design for continuous‐time nonhomogeneous Markov jump systems. The time‐varying transition rate matrix in continuous‐time domain is considered to lie in a convex bounded domain of polytopic type. By constructing a parameter‐dependent Lyapunov function and fully considering the information about the rate of change of time‐varying parameters, a new sufficient condition on the existence of an H∞ state‐feedback controller is provided in the form of a parameter‐dependent matrix inequality. Moreover, based on the structure characteristics of Lyapunov matrix and transition matrix, the parameter‐dependent matrix inequality is converted into a finite set of linear matrix inequalities, which can be readily solved. Two numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Coordinated induction of cell survival signaling in the inflamed microenvironment of the prostate
Authors: McIlwain David W. , Zoetemelk Marloes , Myers Jason D. , Edwards Marshé T. , Snider Brandy M. , Jerde Travis J. 
Published: February 2016

PURPOSEBoth prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia are associated with inflammatory microenvironments. Inflammation is damaging to tissues, but it is unclear how the inflammatory microenvironment protects specialized epithelial cells that function to proliferate and repair the tissue. The objective of this study is to characterize the cell death and cell survival response of the prostatic epithelium in response to inflammation.METHODSWe assessed induction of cell death (TNF, TRAIL, TWEAK, FasL) and cell survival factors (IGFs, hedgehogs, IL−6, FGFs, and TGFs) in inflamed and control mouse prostates by ELISA. Cell death mechanisms were determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for cleavage of caspases and TUNEL. Survival pathway activation was assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for Mcl−1, Bcl−2, Bcl−XL, and survivin. Autophagy was determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for free and membrane associated light chain 3 (LC−3).RESULTSCleavage of all four caspases was significantly increased during the first 2 days of inflammation, and survival protein expression was substantially increased subsequently, maximizing at 3 days. By 5 days of inflammation, 50% of prostatic epithelial cells expressed survivin. Autophagy was also evident during the recovery phase (3 days). Finally, immunofluorescent staining of human specimens indicates strong activation of survival proteins juxtaposed to inflammation in inflamed prostate specimens.CONCLUSIONSThe prostate responds to deleterious inflammation with induction of cell survival mechanisms, most notably survivin and autophagy, demonstrating a coordinated induction of survival factors that protects and expands a specialized set of prostatic epithelial cells as part of the repair and recovery process during inflammation. Prostate 76:722–734, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Crystal structures of OprN and OprJ, outer membrane factors of multidrug tripartite efflux pumps of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Yonehara Ryo , Yamashita Eiki , Nakagawa Atsushi 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe genome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes tripartite efflux pumps that extrude functionally and structurally dissimilar antibiotics from the bacterial cell. MexAB‐OprM, MexCD‐OprJ, MexEF‐OprN, and MexXY‐OprM are the main tripartite efflux pumps responsible for multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa. The outer membrane factors OprN, OprJ, and OprM are essential components of functional tripartite efflux pumps. To elucidate the structural basis of multidrug resistance, we determined the crystal structures of OprN and OprJ. These structures revealed several features, including tri‐acylation of the N‐terminal cysteine, a small pore in the β‐barrel domain, and a tightly sealed gate in the α‐barrel domain. Despite the overall similarity of OprN, OprJ, and OprM, a comparison of their structures and electrostatic distributions revealed subtle differences at the periplasmic end of the α‐barrel domain. These results suggested that the overall structures of these outer membrane factors are specifically optimized for particular tripartite efflux pumps. Proteins 2016; 84:759–769. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Monitoring the phase evolution of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 by different Se flux via in‐situ XRD
Authors: Zahedi‐Azad Setareh , Jarzembowski Enrico , Hartnauer Stefan , Wägele Leonard , Greiner Dieter , Scheer Roland 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThrough in‐situ X‐ray diffraction, we examined the phase evolution of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films deposited by three stage co‐evaporation with regard to Se flux and substrate temperature. The deposition method is based on the sequence of Cu‐poor/Cu‐rich/Cu‐poor, which is beneficial for improving the crystal quality as well as the conversi‐on efficiency. We find that while the Se flux during the first stage determines the final orientation, the substrate temperature moderates the degree of the preferred orientation. The orientation of the intermediate Cu2Se phase follows the preferred orientation of the CIGSe film, indicating an epitaxial relationship between the two phases.
Observation of topological phase transition by terahertz photoconductivity in HgTe‐based transistors
Authors: Kadykov A. M. , Consejo C. , Marcinkiewicz M. , Viti L. , Vitiello M. S. , Krishtopenko S. S. , Ruffenach S. , Morozov S. V. , Desrat W. , Dyakonova N. , Knap W. , Gavrilenko V. I. , Mikhailov N. N. , Dvoretsky S. A. , Teppe F. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWe have found the possibility to probe the magnetic field‐driven topological phase transition in HgTe‐based transistors by measuring their Terahertz photoconductivity response. At the critical magnetic field to which zero‐mode Landau levels cross, we have observed a pronounced photoconductivity peak independent on incident frequency and carrier concentration. Our results pave the way towards terahertz topological field effect transistors. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Sustainable Consumption of Groceries: the Importance of Believing that One Can Contribute to Sustainable Development
Authors: Hanss Daniel , Böhm Gisela , Doran Rouven , Homburg Andreas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis study investigated relations between consumers’ sustainable development self‐efficacy, attitudes, norms and intentions to purchase sustainable groceries such as ecological and fair trade foods. Demographic variables were also investigated. Attitudes and norms were positively associated with intentions to purchase sustainable products. The importance of different types of attitudes and norms for explaining sustainable consumption depended on the facet of purchasing intentions that was investigated. Self‐efficacy explained variance in purchasing intentions over and above attitudes, norms and demographic characteristics. Of the self‐efficacy components, people's perceptions of their indirect impact gained by encouraging others to contribute to sustainable development showed the strongest association with purchasing intentions. This could mean that believing that one can have an impact on other consumers is a strong motivator for buying sustainable products. Implications of these findings for practitioners and environmental policy are discussed. © 2016 The Authors Sustainable Development published by ERP Environment and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Points of Equilibrium: Religious Beliefs and Economic Development Policy
Authors: Clarke Matthew 
Published: February 2016

AbstractEighty per cent of the world's population professes religious belief. Such beliefs provide precepts on how individuals should conduct their private lives and (often) how society should be organized. Given there are 2.1 billion Christians worldwide and 1.3 billion Muslims, understanding the religious approach to social life based on sacred texts and social teachings of Christianity and Islam has a strong relevance to those interested in implementing international economic development policies. This paper argues that religion can thus play a positive role in development and specifically support development economic policies at the international level. The purpose of this paper is not to present a fully formed development economic policy, but rather to identify teachings of the world's two largest religions – such as preferencing the poor, minimizing inequality and having the economy serve wider realms of society – that directly speak to how sustainable economic development is understood within these faith traditions and how these teachings could scaffold and support and international policy frameworks aimed to achieve sustainable economic development. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Antidepressive‐like effect of volatile components of kososan in a mouse model of stress‐induced depression
Authors: Ito Naoki , Nagai Takayuki , Hirose Eiji , Kiyohara Hiroaki , Oikawa Tetsuro , Yamada Haruki , Hanawa Toshihiko 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
AimKososan (Xiang‐Su‐San in Chinese), a kampo (traditional Japanese herbal) medicine, contains large amounts of unique volatile components (termed KSv). This study evaluated the antidepressive‐like effects of KSv alone or in combination with the water‐soluble extracts of kososan (termed KSw), neither of which is fully known, in a mouse model of stress‐induced depression.Methods
KSv, KSw + KSv (in toto or with a specific component herb removed), or KSw + perillaldehyde (a major volatile component of perillae herba) was given to stress‐induced depression‐like model mice for 9 days, followed by measurement of immobility time in forced swimming test (FST). KSv was also analyzed on gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy.Results
KSv (100%, inhaled) significantly reduced FST immobility time. KSw (0.5 g/kg, oral) + KSv (50%, inhaled) reduced immobility time to a significantly greater extent than did either alone, whereas KSw + KSv with perillae herba removed (50%, inhaled) did not. Likewise, KSw + 0.5% (v/v) perillaldehyde significantly had less immobility time than did either alone.ConclusionInhaled KSv has antidepressive‐like activity in a mouse model of stress‐induced depression and enhances the antidepressive‐like activity of KSw. Perillaldehyde in perillae herba may account in part for the enhancing effects of KSv. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenotypic plasticity of lianas in response to altered light environment
Authors: Yuan Chun‐ming , Wu Tao , Geng Yun‐fen , Chai Yong , Hao Jia‐bo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe growth, morphology and biomass allocation of 11 liana species (six light‐demanding and five shade‐tolerant) were investigated by growing plants in three contrasting light environments (i.e., field, forest edge and forest interior). Our objectives were to determine: (1) changes in plant traits at the species level; and (2) differences in light‐demanding and shade‐tolerant species in response to altered light environment. We found that all seedlings of liana species increased in total biomass, total leaf area, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), height, basal diameter, root length, leaf number, root mass/total plant mass (RMR) and root‐to‐shoot dry biomass (R/S ratio), and decreased in leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf size, stem mass‐to‐total plant mass ratio (SMR) and leaf mass‐to‐total plant mass ratio (LMR) with increasing light availability. Under the three light environments, the two types of species differed significantly in total biomass, total leaf area, RGR, NAR, LAR, SLA and leaf number, and not in leaf area. Only light‐demanding species differed significantly in height, root length, basal diameter, RMR, SMR, LMR and R/S ratio. The mean plasticity index of growth and biomass allocation were relatively higher than the morphological variables, with significant differences between the two groups. Our results showed that liana species respond differently to changing light environments and that light‐demanding species exhibit higher plasticity. Such differences may affect the relative success of liana species in forest dynamics.
Efficacy of Analgesic Treatments to Manage Children's Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Retrospective Medical Record Review
Authors: Manworren Renee C.B. , McElligott Connor D. , Deraska Peter V. , Santanelli James , Blair Sherry , Ruscher Kimberly A. , Weiss Richard , Rader Christine , Finck Christine , Bourque Michael , Campbell Brendan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractKnowledge of the effectiveness of multimodal analgesic treatments to manage children's postoperative pain during hospital stays is limited. Our retrospective chart review of a convenience sample of 200 pediatric surgical patients’ pain experiences during the first 24 hours after laparoscopic appendectomy demonstrates the benefits of a multimodal analgesic approach. We found that pediatric patients who received perioperative IV ketorolac in addition to opioids reported statistically significantly lower mean pain intensity (n = 134, mean [M] = 2.9, standard deviation [SD] = 1.7) during the first 24 hours after surgery when compared with the pain intensity of patients who did not receive perioperative IV ketorolac (n = 66, M = 3.7, SD = 1.7,t= 3.14,P= .002). Patients who received perioperative IV ketorolac (M = 0.94, SD = 0.71) also received significantly fewer morphine equivalents of postoperative opioids during the first 24 hours after surgery than those who did not (M = 1.21, SD = 0.78,t= 2.41,P= .02). We will use data from these patients to introduce the potential for a personalized medicine approach to postoperative pain.