bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Controlled Study of Buttock Fat Transfer Using Ultrasound and Photographic Measurements
Authors: Swanson Eric 
Published: May 2016

Background:
Buttock fat transfer is now the preferred method for gluteal augmentation. However, its efficacy has not been well-documented using measurements.

Methods:
Twenty-five consecutive patients underwent buttock fat transfer performed by the author. Twenty-one patients returned for measurements ≥3 months after surgery (inclusion rate, 84%). A separate group of 25 patients undergoing cosmetic surgery without buttock fat transfer served as controls. All patients underwent superwet liposuction using total intravenous anesthesia and no prone positioning. A closed filtration system was used to collect the fat. Subcutaneous fat thickness was assessed using ultrasound imaging. Measurements were made on standardized photographs. The data were controlled for change in body mass index. Clinical data were also evaluated.

Results:
The mean fat volume injected per buttock was 287 mL (range, 70–550 mL). Ultrasound measurements detected a significant increase in the subcutaneous fat thickness (P ≤ 0.001), with mean increments of 0.66 cm for the right buttock and 0.86 cm for the left buttock and no significant change for control patients. The mean calculated fat retention, based on the measured surface area injected, was 66%. Photographic measurements of buttock projection revealed a significant increase in treated patients (P < 0.01) and no significant change in control patients. There were no clinical complications at either recipient or donor sites and no evidence of oily cysts on ultrasound examinations.

Conclusions:
Photographic and ultrasound measurements, and clinical findings, confirm that buttock fat transfer effectively and safely increases buttock projection.
Thrombospondin-4 divergently regulates voltage-gated Ca2+ channel subtypes in sensory neurons after nerve injury
Authors: Pan Bin , Guo Yuan , Wu Hsiang-En , Park John , Trinh Van Nancy , Luo Z. David , Hogan Quinn H. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Loss of high-voltage–activated (HVA) calcium current (ICa) and gain of low-voltage–activated (LVA) ICa after painful peripheral nerve injury cause elevated excitability in sensory neurons. Nerve injury is also accompanied by increased expression of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin-4 (TSP4), and interruption of TSP4 function can reverse or prevent behavioral hypersensitivity after injury. We therefore investigated TSP4 regulation of ICa in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. During depolarization adequate to activate HVA ICa, TSP4 decreases both N- and L-type ICa and the associated intracellular calcium transient. In contrast, TSP4 increases ICa and the intracellular calcium signal after low-voltage depolarization, which we confirmed is due to ICa through T-type channels. These effects are blocked by gabapentin, which ameliorates neuropathic pain by targeting the α2δ1 calcium subunit. Injury-induced changes of HVA and LVA ICa are attenuated in TSP4 knockout mice. In the neuropathic pain model of spinal nerve ligation, TSP4 application did not further regulate ICa of injured DRG neurons. Taken together, these findings suggest that elevated TSP4 after peripheral nerve injury may contribute to hypersensitivity of peripheral sensory systems by decreasing HVA and increasing LVA in DRG neurons by targeting the α2δ1 calcium subunit. Controlling TSP4 overexpression in peripheral sensory neurons may be a target for analgesic drug development for neuropathic pain.
Increasing Therapist Productivity: Using Lean Principles in the Rehabilitation Department of an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Johnson Diana , Snedeker Kristie , Swoboda Michael , Zalieckas Cheryl , Dorsey Rachel , Nohe Cassandra , Smith Paige , Roche Renuka 
Published: May 2016

Abstract:
The Department of Rehabilitation Services, within the University of Maryland Medical Center's 650-bed academic medical center, was experiencing difficulty in meeting productivity standards. Therapists in the outpatient division believed they were not spending enough time performing billable patient care activities. Therapists in the inpatient division had difficulty keeping pace with the volume of incoming referrals. Collectively, these issues caused dissatisfaction among referral sources and frustration among the staff within the rehabilitation department. The department undertook a phased approach to address these issues that included examining the evidence, using Lean process improvement principles, and employing transformational leadership strategies to drive improvements in productivity and efficiency. The lessons learned support the importance of having meaningful metrics appropriate for the patient population served, the use of Lean as an effective tool for improving productivity in rehabilitation departments, the impact of engaging staff at the grassroots level, and the importance of having commitment from leaders. The study findings have implications for not only rehabilitation and hospital leadership, but CEOs and managers of any business who need to eliminate waste or increase staff productivity.
Chaos in the Clinic: Characteristics and Consequences of Practices Perceived as Chaotic
Authors: Perez Hector R. , Beyrouty Matthew , Bennett Katelyn , Baier Manwell Linda , Brown Roger L. , Linzer Mark , Schwartz Mark D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract:
The Minimizing Error, Maximizing Outcome (MEMO) study of clinics in New York City, Chicago, and Wisconsin linked primary care work experiences to physician stress. We analyzed MEMO data to determine how chaos in the clinic was associated with work conditions and quality of care measures. Surveys and medical record audits determined practice characteristics and medical errors, respectively. Physicians rated clinic atmosphere on a scale of 1 (calm) to 5 (chaotic). Chaotic clinics were defined as practices rated either 4 or 5 by greater than 50% of clinic physicians. Forty of 112 MEMO clinics (36%) were chaotic. Compared with nonchaotic practices, these clinics served more minority and Medicaid patients and had a greater likelihood of clinic bottlenecks such as phone access (both p < .01). Physicians in chaotic clinics reported lower work control and job satisfaction, less emphasis on teamwork and professionalism, more stress and burnout, and a higher likelihood of leaving the practice within 2 years (all p < .05). Chaotic clinics had higher rates of medical errors and more missed opportunities to provide preventative services (both p < .05). More research should examine the effectiveness of organizational interventions to decrease chaos in the clinic and to mitigate its effects on patient safety.
D-Dimer Levels and Traditional Risk Factors Are Associated With Incident Hypertension Among HIV-Infected Individuals Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy in Uganda
Authors: Okello Samson , Asiimwe Stephen B. , Kanyesigye Michael , Muyindike Winnie R. , Boum Yap , Mwebesa Bosco B. , Haberer Jessica E. , Huang Yong , Williams Kenneth , Burdo Tricia H. , Tracy Russell P. , Bangsberg David R. , Mocello A. Rain , Martin Jeffrey N. , Hunt Peter W. , Siedner Mark J. 
Published: May 2016

Objectives:
We sought to describe blood pressure (BP) changes after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation and evaluate the association of markers of inflammation with incident hypertension in a cohort of HIV-infected individuals in Uganda.

Methods:
We used mixed effects linear regression to model changes in systolic BP over time among a cohort of HIV-infected individuals initiating ART in Uganda. After exclusion of participants with preexisting hypertension, we identified participants with normal BP throughout follow-up (controls) and those with elevated BP on ≥3 consecutive visits (cases). Before ART initiation, participants had testing for interleukin 6, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, lipopolysaccharide, soluble CD14, soluble CD163, and D-dimer and those with viral suppression at 6 months during ART had repeat tests. We fit logistic regression models to estimate associations between biomarkers and risk of incident hypertension.

Results:
In the entire cohort, systolic BP increased by 9.6 mm Hg/yr (95% CI: 7.3 to 11.8) in the first 6 months of ART, then plateaued. Traditional factors: male gender (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 2.76, 95% CI: 1.34 to 5.68), age (AOR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.13), overweight (AOR 4.48, 95% CI: 1.83 to 10.97), and a CD4 count <100 cells (AOR 3.08, 95% CI: 1.07 to 8.89) were associated with incident hypertension. After adjusting for these, D-dimer levels at month 6 were inversely associated with incident hypertension (AOR 0.61, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.99). Although not significant, similar associations were seen with sCD14 and kynurenine/tryptophan ratio.

Conclusion:
BP increases early after ART initiation in Ugandans. Traditional risk factors, rather than immune activation, were associated with incident hypertension in this population.
Improved Detection of Recurrent Hepatocellular Carcinomas in Arterial Phase With CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST-Volumetric Interpolated Breath-Hold Examination
Authors: Qu Jinrong , Han Shuai , Zhang Hongkai , Liu Hui , Wang Zhaoqi , Kamel Ihab R. , Berthold Kiefer , Dominik Nickel Marcel , Zhang Shouning , Dong Yafeng , Jiang Lina , Liu Cuicui , Li Hailiang 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
The aim of this study was to assess the detection rate of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in arterial phase using multiarterial CAIPIRINHA-Dixon-TWIST-VIBE (MA-CDT-VIBE).

Materials and Methods
Fifty-eight patients with possible recurrence of HCC were retrospectively included in this cohort. Patients were scanned with a prototype dynamic contrast-enhanced breath-hold CDT-VIBE sequence, which included 6 arterial subphases with a temporal resolution of 2.64 seconds on a 3 T scanner. Absence and presence of recurrence was documented by consensus of 2 experienced radiologists using magnetic resonance imaging multiphase imaging and follow-up evaluation. The third of 6 arterial subphases was considered the equivalent-to-conventional single arterial phase from the contrast bolus timing perspective. The detection rate of recurrent HCCs in arterial phase by another 2 independent experienced readers was compared for all 6 arterial subphases of MA-CDT-VIBE and the equivalent-to-conventional single arterial phase. Interreader agreement was also calculated.

Results
Of the 55 patients reviewed, 46 patients (201 lesions) had recurrent HCC and 9 patients had no recurrence. There was an excellent interreader agreement for both MA-CDT-VIBE (κ = 1.000, P < 0.0001) and the equivalent-to-conventional single arterial phase (κ = 0.850, P < 0.0001). MA-CDT-VIBE showed the detection rate of 100% for all lesions with the diameter of less than 1 cm, 1 to 2 cm, and more than 2 cm. The equivalent-to-conventional single arterial phase resulted in the detection rate of 81.1% and 83.1% for all recurrent HCCs by the 2 readers, respectively, with 78.7% and 83.6% for lesions measuring less than 1 cm, 79.2% and 81.2% for lesions measuring 1 to 2 cm, and 89.7% and 87.2% for lesions measuring more than 2 cm.

Conclusions
Compared with the equivalent-to-conventional single arterial phase, MA-CDT-VIBE with 6 arterial subphases demonstrated higher detection rate of recurrent HCCs in arterial phase and provided a wider arterial observation window, especially for recurrent HCCs less than 2 cm in diameter.
Facilitated Diagnosis of Pneumothoraces in Newborn Mice Using X-ray Dark-Field Radiography
Authors: Hellbach Katharina , Yaroshenko Andre , Willer Konstantin , Pritzke Tina , Baumann Alena , Hesse Nina , Auweter Sigrid , Reiser Maximilian F. , Eickelberg Oliver , Pfeiffer Franz , Hilgendorff Anne , Meinel Felix G. 
Published: May 2016

Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of x-ray dark-field imaging in projection radiography-based depiction of pneumothoraces in the neonatal murine lung, a potentially life-threatening medical condition that requires a timely and correct diagnosis.

Materials and Methods
By the use of a unique preclinical model, 7-day-old C57Bl/6N mice received mechanical ventilation for 2 or 8 hours with oxygen-rich gas (Fio
2 = 0.4; n = 24). Unventilated mice either spontaneously breathed oxygen-rich gas (Fio
2 = 0.4) for 2 or 8 hours or room air (n = 22). At the end of the experiment, lungs were inflated with a standardized volume of air after a lethal dose of pentobarbital was administered to the pups. All lungs were imaged with a prototype grating-based small-animal scanner to acquire x-ray transmission and dark-field radiographs. Image contrast between the air-filled pleural space and lung tissue was quantified for both transmission and dark-field radiograms. After the independent expert's assessment, 2 blinded readers evaluated all dark-field and transmission images for the presence or absence of pneumothoraces. Contrast ratios, diagnostic accuracy, as well as reader's confidence and interreader agreement were recorded for both imaging modalities.

Results
Evaluation of both x-ray transmission and dark-field radiographs by independent experts revealed the development of a total of 10 pneumothoraces in 8 mice. Here, the contrast ratio between the air-filled pleural space of the pneumothoraces and the lung tissue was significantly higher in the dark field (8.4 ± 3.5) when compared with the transmission images (5.1 ± 2.8; P < 0.05). Accordingly, the readers' diagnostic confidence for the diagnosis of pneumothoraces was significantly higher for dark-field compared with transmission images (P = 0.001). Interreader agreement improved from moderate for the analysis of transmission images alone (κ = 0.41) to very good when analyzing dark-field images alone (κ = 0.90) or in combination with transmission images (κ = 0.88). Diagnostic accuracy significantly improved for the analysis of dark-field images alone (P = 0.04) or in combination with transmission images (P = 0.02), compared with the analysis of transmission radiographs only.

Conclusions
The significant improvement in contrast ratios between lung parenchyma and free air in the dark-field images allows the facilitated detection of pneumothoraces in the newborn mouse. These preclinical experiments indicate the potential of the technique for future clinical applications.
MRI monitoring of spinal cord changes in patients with multiple sclerosis
Authors: Rovira Alex , de Stefano Nicola 
Published: May 2016

Purpose of reviewWe analyze recent data on technical aspects, clinical indications, and imaging features of spinal cord MRI in multiple sclerosis, and on the value of this examination for assessing the type and extension of spinal cord damage, and for predicting prognosis in patients with this disease.Recent findingsSpinal cord MRI on patients with multiple sclerosis is technically challenging and a standardized protocol that optimizes the accuracy of this examination is essential, particularly as recent studies have shown its value for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Several recent studies have proven the potential value of new, quantitative spinal cord magnetic resonance metrics for assessing the type and degree of spinal cord damage. Although these measures can bring new insights into the understanding of the disease, there is not enough evidence to support their use outside the research scenario.SummaryNeurologists and neuroradiologists should be aware of the added value of conventional spinal cord MRI in the initial diagnosis and monitoring of multiple sclerosis. The use of advanced quantitative magnetic resonance techniques, which better assess the degree of irreversible tissue damage within the spinal cord, is mainly restricted to clinical research and cannot yet be incorporated into the daily clinical practice.
Reexamining the influence of large clients on office-level auditor reporting decisions
Authors: Lim Lucy 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– This paper revisits the Reynolds and Francis’ (2001) study via the use of a more current dataset, incorporation of improvements into the accrual model and the use of actual fee data vs estimates. Using the improved analyses, the purpose of this paper is to examine whether more conservative auditors’ reports on larger clients are still evident.

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper follows Reynolds and Francis (2001) in using a regression model with White-adjusted t-statistics for the discretionary accrual model and a logistic model for going concern analysis. The most current discretionary accrual model is used to improve the original model, use actual fee data (not available previously), and add analyses using the two components of total fees (i.e. audit and non-audit fees).

Findings
– As opposed to Reynolds and Francis (2001), the results show that the Big Five auditors are less conservative with higher-paying clients as they allow their clients to have more discretionary accruals. While Reynolds and Francis (2001) found that auditors are more likely to report going concern opinions for higher-paying clients, the results in this paper does not show any difference in the propensity of auditors to issue going concern opinions.

Originality/value
– This study replicates Reynolds and Francis (2001) using more recent US data, applying the most recent discretionary accrual model, using the actual fee data, and adding analyses using total fees decomposition.
How co-creation uplift suggestion systems’ performance
Authors: Gohary Ali , Alizadeh Hamid , Heidarzadeh Hanzaee Kambiz 
Published: May 2016

Purpose– Suggestion systems have always been used as the means of continuous development and co-creating values among the employees of organizations. On the other hand, the co-creation has been introduced as a solution to co-create values between companies and customers. Since a simultaneous study on setting up suggestion systems and co-creation among employees and customers have been ignored so far, the purpose of this paper, focussing on the combination of two strategies of suggestion systems (generally more effective among the employees of organizations) and co-creation (studied so far merely the scope of customers), is to evaluate variables leading to intention to use, improvement in understanding the concept of justice, and positive word-of-mouth.Design/methodology/approach– Two between-subjects experiments were carried out to explore the interactional role of co-creation, reward, and time in efficiency of suggestion systems. The first study which was carried out among customers analyzed the effect of setting up suggestion systems along with co-creation on the amount of their intention to use this system in the future and positive word-of-mouth. The second study discussed the effect of setting up suggestion systems along with co-creation on the level of understanding organizational justice and commitment.Findings– The results indicate that the effectiveness of co-creation and tangible factors, such as offered reward, on improving the evaluation of suggestion system. In the other word, when firm’s encourage customers to participate in value co-creation program in suggestion system, they perceive more justice and intend to participate more in such program in future.Originality/value– Most of the previous studies carried out on co-creation considered its effectiveness on occasions when a service failure occurs to consumers and the service provider urgently needs service recovery, but this paper aimed to provide a collaborative perspective toward co-creation through suggestion system that puts emphasis on service experience, innovation, and intention to future participation in such programs.
The Western Australian Art and Crafts Superintendents’ advocacy for years k-12 Visual Arts in education
Authors: Lummis Geoffrey William , Morris Julia Elizabeth , Lock Graeme 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to record Visual Arts education in Western Australia (WA) as it underwent significant change between 1967 and 1987, in administration, policy, curriculum and professional development.

Design/methodology/approach
– A narrative inquiry approach was utilized to produce a collective recount of primary Visual Arts teacher education, based on 17 interviews with significant advocates and contributors to WA Visual Arts education during the aforementioned period.

Findings
– This paper underscores the history of the role of Western Australian Superintendents of Art and Crafts and the emergence of Visual Arts specialist teachers in primary schools, from the successful establishment of a specialist secondary Visual Arts program at Applecross Senior High School, to the mentoring of generalist primary teachers into a specialist role, as well as the development and implementation of a new Kindergarten through to Year 7 Art and Crafts Syllabus. It also discusses the disestablishment of the WA Education Department’s Art and Crafts Branch (1987).

Originality/value
– The history of primary Visual Arts specialists and advocacy for Visual Arts in WA has not been previously recorded. This history demonstrates the high quality of past Visual Arts education in WA, and questions current trends in pre-service teacher education and Visual Arts education in primary schools.
“Among the Boer Children”
Authors: Anae Nicole 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– There exists no detailed account of the 40 Australian women teachers employed within the “concentration camps” established by British forces in the Orange River and Transvaal colonies during the Boer War. The purpose of this paper is to critically respond to this dearth in historiography.

Design/methodology/approach
– A large corpus of newspaper accounts represents the richest, most accessible and relatively idiosyncratic source of data concerning this contingent of women. The research paper therefore interprets concomitant print-based media reports of the period as a resource for educational and historiographical data.

Findings
– Towards the end of the Boer War in South Africa (1899-1902) a total of 40 Australian female teachers – four from Queensland, six from South Australia, 14 from Victoria and 16 from New South Wales – successfully answered the imperial call conscripting educators for schools within “concentration camps” established by British forces in the Orange River and Transvaal colonies. Women’s exclusive participation in this initiative, while ostensibly to teach the Boer children detained within these camps, also exerted an influential effect on the popular consciousness in reimagining cultural ideals about female teachers’ professionalism in ideological terms.

Research limitations/implications
– One limitation of the study relates to the dearth in official records about Australian women teachers in concentration camps given that; not only are Boer War-related records generally difficult to source; but also that even the existent data is incomplete with many chapters missing completely from record. Therefore, while the data about these women is far from complete, the account in terms of newspaper reports relies on the existent accounts of them typically in cases where their school and community observe their contributions to this military campaign and thus credit them with media publicity.

Originality/value
– The paper’s originality lies in recovering the involvement of a previously underrepresented contingent of Australian women teachers while simultaneously offering a primary reading of the ideological work this involvement played in influencing the political narrative of Australia’s educational involvement in the Boer War.