bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
NTRK fusion oncogenes in pediatric papillary thyroid carcinoma in northeast United States
Authors: Prasad Manju L. , Vyas Monika , Horne Matthew J. , Virk Renu K. , Morotti Raffaella , Liu Zongzhi , Tallini Giovanni , Nikiforova Marina N. , Christison‐Lagay Emily R. , Udelsman Robert , Dinauer Catherine A. , Nikiforov Yuri E. 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUNDAn increase in thyroid cancers, predominantly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), has been recently reported in children.METHODSThe histopathology of 28 consecutive PTCs from the northeast United States was reviewed. None of the patients (ages 6‐18 years; 20 females, 8 males) had significant exposure to radiation. Nucleic acid from tumors was tested for genetic abnormalities (n = 27). Negative results were reevaluated by targeted next‐generation sequencing.RESULTSSeven of 27 PTCs (26%) had neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor (NTRK) fusion oncogenes (NTRK type 3/ets variant 6 [NTRK3/ETV6], n =5; NTRK3/unknown, n = 1; and NTRK type 1/translocated promoter region, nuclear basket protein [NTRK1/TPR], n = 1), including 5 tumors that measured >2 cm and 3 that diffusely involved the entire thyroid or lobe. All 7 tumors had lymphatic invasion, and 5 had vascular invasion. Six of 27 PTCs (22%) had ret proto‐oncogene (RET) fusions (RET/PTC1, n = 5; RET/PTC3, n = 1); 2 tumors measured >2 cm and diffusely involved the thyroid, and 5 had lymphatic invasion, with vascular invasion in 2. Thirteen PTCs had the B‐Raf proto‐oncogene, serine/threonine kinase (BRAF) valine‐to‐glutamic acid mutation at position 600 (BRAFV600E) (13 of 27 tumors; 48%), 11 measured <2 cm, and 6 had lymphatic invasion (46%), with vascular invasion in 3. Fusion oncogene tumors, compared with BRAFV600E PTCs, were associated with large size (mean, 2.2 cm vs 1.5 cm, respectively; P = .05), solid and diffuse variants (11 of 13 vs 0 of 13 tumors, respectively; P < .001), and lymphovascular invasion (12 of 13 vs 6 of 13 tumors, respectively; P = .02); BRAFV600E PTCs were predominantly the classic variant (12 of 13 vs 1 of 13 tumors). Two tumors metastasized to the lung, and both had fusion oncogenes (NTRK1/TPR, n = 1; RET/PTC1, n = 1).CONCLUSIONSFusion oncogene PTC presents with more extensive disease and aggressive pathology than BRAFV600E PTC in the pediatric population. The high prevalence of the NTRK1/NTRK3 fusion oncogene PTCs in the United States is unusual and needs further investigation. Cancer 2016;122:1097–1107. © 2016 American Cancer Society
Blue pigments in blue and purple painting layers of Gdańsks' paintings of the mid‐16th to the end of the 18th century
Authors: Szmelter‐Fausek Bożena , Olszewska‐Świetlik Justyna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe technique of blue and purple painting layers were analyzed on the example of selected panel paintings of the mid‐16th to the end of the 18th century from the Gdańsk painting workshops. Paintings are the property of the church and the museums of Gdańsk and Pelplin (Poland). Searching studies of the selected painting layers and of the samples were performed to characterize the pigments present in the individual blue and purple painting layers and the pictorial techniques. Samples were obtained from painting and ground layers. The blue pigments identified in Gdańsks' paintings of the 16th and 17th century were natural azurite, smalt, and natural ultramarine, and of the 18th century, the only one blue pigment was organic indigo. Purple layers were obtained by adding organic red, lead red, vermilion, and iron oxide red. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 270–275, 2016
Glycogen content in hepatocytes is related with their size in normal rat liver but not in cirrhotic one
Authors: Bezborodkina Natalia N. , Chestnova Anna Yu. , Vorobev Mikhail L. , Kudryavtsev Boris N. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackground & Aims: Hepatocytes differ from one another by the degree of the ploidy, size, position in the liver lobule, and level of the DNA‐synthetic processes. It is believed, that the cell size exerts substantial influence on the metabolism of the hepatocytes and the glycogen content in them. The aim of the present study was to test this hypothesis. Methods: Dry weight of hepatocytes, their ploidy and glycogen content were determined in the normal and the cirrhotic rat liver. Liver cirrhosis in rats was produced by chronic inhalation of CCl4 vapours in the course of 6 months. A combined cytophotometric method was used. Dry weight of the cell, its glycogen and DNA content were successively measured on a mapped preparation. Result: Hepatocytes of each ploidy class in the normal and the cirrhotic rat liver accumulated glycogen at the same rate. In the normal liver, there was a distinct correlation between the size of hepatocytes and glycogen content in them. This correlation was observed in each ploidy class, and was especially pronounced in the class of mononucleate tetraploid hepatocytes. In the cirrhotic liver, there was no correlation between the size of the cells and their glycogen content. Conclusions: The impairment of liver lobular structure probably explains the observed lack of correlation between hepatocyte size and their glycogen content in the cirrhotic liver. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Ca9Sc(PO4)7:Ce3+,Mn2+ – A Red‐Emitting Phosphor Based on Energy Transfer
Authors: Li Hai‐Feng , Jia Yong‐Lei , Ma Teng‐Fei , Pang Ran , Sun Wen‐Zhi , Li Da , Fu Ji‐Peng , Zhang Su , Jiang Li‐Hong , Li Cheng‐Yu 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA series of novel color‐tunable phosphors, Ca9Sc(PO4)7:xCe3+,yMn2+ (CSP:xCe3+,yMn2+), have been synthesized by traditional high‐temperature solid‐state reactions. The optical properties of CSP:xCe3+ and CSP:0.02Ce3+,yMn2+ were systematically investigated with various spectral technologies. A phosphor with a broad, deep‐red emission, CSP:0.02Ce3+,0.1Mn2+, was prepared by an energy transfer process with the CIE chromaticity coordinates (0.669, 0.307). CSP:Ce3+,Mn2+ phosphors excited at 254 nm display two broad emission bands: one centered at around 360 nm is assigned to the 5d1–4f1 electronic transition of Ce3+ ions, and the other at about 650 nm is attributed to the 4T1 (4G) → 6A1 (6S) transition of Mn2+ ions. The energy transfer mechanism from Ce3+ to Mn2+ in the CSP:Ce3+,Mn2+ samples was discovered to be the dipole–dipole interaction, which was confirmed by the estimated critical distance between Ce3+ and Mn2+ (13.0 Å) by the spectral overlap method. Furthermore, the higher thermal stability of CSP:Ce3+,Mn2+ makes it feasible for a potential application in white‐light‐emitting diodes (WLEDs).
Conjugated, trans‐Spanning Ligands as Models for Multivalent p‐Phenyleneethynylenes
Authors: Vang Herh G. , Driscoll Zakarias L. , Robinson Emily R. , Green Casey E. , Bosch Eric , Bowling Nathan P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA conjugated, pyridine‐containing, phenylethynyl ligand that forms complexes with AgI and PdII has been developed. NMR titration studies with PdII reveal a stoichiometric binding of the ligand to the metal atom, while similar studies with AgI reveal a binding that is dynamic on the NMR timescale. Analysis of the NMR spectroscopic data by Job's plot analysis and non‐linear curve fitting of a titration curve reveals a 1:1 binding ratio of ligand/silver cation and an association constant of Ka = 53 M–1. X‐ray crystal structures of the ligand–metal complexes suggest ample room for the nearly barrierless rotation of the unsubstituted central benzene ring of the para‐phenylethynyl chain. Subtle electronic differences in substituted systems provide some evidence of impaired rotation.
Evaluation of Different Scoring Rules for a Noncognitive Test in Development
Authors: Guo Hongwen , Zu Jiyun , Kyllonen Patrick , Schmitt Neal 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this report, systematic applications of statistical and psychometric methods are used to develop and evaluate scoring rules in terms of test reliability. Data collected from a situational judgment test are used to facilitate the comparison. For a well‐developed item with appropriate keys (i.e., the correct answers), agreement among various item‐scoring rules is expected in the item‐option characteristic curves. In addition, when models based on item‐response theory fit the data, test reliability is greatly improved, particularly if the nominal response model and its estimates are used in scoring.
Advanced numerical method for a thermally induced slug flow: application to a capillary closed loop pulsating heat pipe
Authors: Manzoni M. , Mameli M. , de Falco C. , Araneo L. , Filippeschi S. , Marengo M. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAn advanced hybrid lumped parameter code for the simulation of Pulsating Heat Pipes is developed. Being able to simulate transient operative conditions and removing common physical simplified assumptions, it represents a step forward with respect to the present models of passive two‐phase systems. Mass, momentum and energy balances account for the thermal and fluid‐dynamics phenomena. Heterogeneous and homogeneous phase changes are directly integrated. In addition, a fitting correlation for the wall/vapour heat transfer coefficient is implemented and tuned against experimental data in order to evaluate the influence of the liquid film on conjugate heat transfer. The resulting numerical tool have been validated against experimental data achieved testing a copper pulsating heat pipe during the 58th ESA Parabolic Flight Campaign in several operative conditions and transient gravity levels. The predicted results show very good matching with the actual thermo‐physical behaviour of the system. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Formaldehyde onto Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Nickel Decorated Nanoporous Cobalt‐Nickel Phosphate Molecular Sieve for Fuel Cell
Authors: Hassaninejad‐Darzi S. K. , Rahimnejad M. , Gholami‐Esfidvajani M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNanoporous cobalt‐nickel phosphate VSB‐5 molecular sieve (CoVSB‐5) was synthesized by conventional heating for 48 h in the presence of (2‐hydroxyethyl) trimethylammonium hydroxide as template. Then, a novel, cheap and efficient catalyst was developed for formaldehyde electrooxidation by decorating Ni2+ ions on the surface of CoVSB‐5 modified carbon paste electrode (CoVSB‐5/CPE). The electrochemical behavior of the Ni‐CoVSB‐5/CPE electrode towards the formaldehyde oxidation was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) as well as chronoamperometry methods. An oxidation peak was observed at 0.60 V in 0.1M NaOH solution for electrocatalytic oxidation of formaldehyde with EC′ mechanism. It has been observed that CoVSB‐5 at the surface of CPE can improve catalytic efficiency of the dispersed nickel ions toward oxidation of formaldehyde. The values of electron transfer coefficient, the mean value of catalytic rate constant and diffusion coefficient for formaldehyde and redox sites were obtained to be 0.66, 1.80 × 105 cm3 mol−1 s−1 and 3.62 × 10−4 cm2 s−1, respectively. Obtained results from cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry techniques specified that the electrode reaction is a diffusion‐controlled process. The good catalytic activity, high sensitivity, good selectivity and stability and easy in preparation rendered the Ni‐CoVSB‐5/CPE to be a capable electrode for formaldehyde electrooxidation.
The CRE tambora.org – new data and tools for collaborative research in climate and environmental history
Authors: Riemann D. , Glaser R. , Kahle M. , Vogt S. 
Published: January 2016

Tambora.org is a new web‐based Collaborative Research Environment (CRE) for Historical Climatology (HC) and Environmental research, already containing several huge data collections from different regions with different cultural background. The integration and sustainable storage of existing data collections, as well as the entry of new data are core features of the system. Additionally, tambora.org provides a growing toolbox for creating, analysing and presenting the data. With many active contributors and everyone being invited to add further datasets, it is continuously growing.Tambora.org enables researchers to collaboratively interpret climate information derived from historical sources. It includes tools to support the complete workflow of transforming the raw source material (typically text) to data useful for climatic analysis and finally the publication of data. It provides a database for original text quotations together with bibliographic references and derived searchable, dated and geo‐referenced information on climate and environment. To acknowledge scientific work, tambora.org facilitates the process of assigning citable DOIs (digital object identifier) to data collections by providing the necessary infrastructure and institutional responsibility for quality control.
Impact of creatine supplementation in combination with resistance training on lean mass in the elderly
Authors: Pinto Camila Lemos , Botelho Patrícia Borges , Carneiro Juliana Alves , Mota João Felipe 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundHuman ageing is a process characterized by loss of muscle mass, strength, and bone mass. We aimed to examine the efficacy of low‐dose creatine supplementation associated with resistance training on lean mass, strength, and bone mass in the elderly.MethodsThis was a 12‐week, parallel‐group, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled trial. The individuals were randomly allocated into one of the following groups: placebo plus resistance training (PL + RT) and creatine supplementation plus resistance training (CR + RT) . The participants were assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were lean mass and strength, assessed by dual energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and ten‐repetition maximal tests (10 RM), respectively. Secondary outcomes included the lumbar spine, right and left femoral neck, both femur and whole body bone mineral density (BMD), and whole body bone mineral content (BMC), assessed by DXA.ResultsThe CR + RT group had superior gains in lean mass when compared with the PL + RT group (P = 0.02). Changes in the 10 RM tests in bench press and leg press exercises, body composition, BMD, and BMC of all assessed sites did not significantly differ between the groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsTwelve weeks of low‐dose creatine supplementation associated with resistance training resulted in increases in lean mass in the elderly.
Magnetic resonance elastography of frontotemporal dementia
Authors: Huston John , Murphy Matthew C. , Boeve Bradley F. , Fattahi Nikoo , Arani Arvin , Glaser Kevin J. , Manduca Armando , Jones David T. , Ehman Richard L. 
Published: January 2016

PurposeTo investigate the feasibility of utilizing brain stiffness as a potential biomarker for behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) patients. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a noninvasive technique for evaluating the mechanical properties of brain tissue in vivo. MRE has demonstrated decreased brain stiffness in patients with Alzheimer's disease.Materials and MethodsWe examined five male subjects with bvFTD and nine cognitively normal age‐matched male controls (NC) with brain 3T MRE. Stiffness was calculated in nine regions of interest (ROIs): whole brain (entire cerebrum excluding cerebellum), frontal lobes, occipital lobes, parietal lobes, temporal lobes, deep gray matter / white matter (GM/WM; insula, deep gray nuclei and white matter tracts), cerebellum, sensorimotor cortex (pre‐ and postcentral gyri), and a composite region labeled FT (frontal and temporal lobes excluding the pre‐ and postcentral gyri).ResultsSignificantly lower stiffness values were observed in the whole brain (P = 0.007), frontal lobe (P = 0.001), and temporal lobes (P = 0.005) of bvFTD patients compared to NC. No significant stiffness differences were observed in any other ROIs of bvFTD patients compared to NC (P > 0.05). These results demonstrate that statistically significant brain softening occurs in the frontal and temporal lobes of bvFTD patients, which corresponds to the expected pathophysiology of bvFTD.ConclusionFuture studies evaluating the feasibility of brain MRE for early disease detection and monitoring disease progression could shed new insights into understanding the mechanisms involved in bvFTD. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;43:474–478.
Early MRI versus conventional management in the detection of occult scaphoid fractures: what does it really cost? A rural pilot study
Authors: Kelson Tamika , Davidson Robert , Baker Tim 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionTo compare the cost‐effectiveness and patient impact between acute magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) management and conventional management in the diagnosis of occult scaphoid fractures in a rural setting.MethodsConsecutive patients presenting to a rural emergency department (ED) with a suspected scaphoid fracture were randomly assigned to either conventional management (6) or acute MRI management (10) (3 patients were excluded from the study analysis). All healthcare costs were compared between the two management groups and potential impacts on the patients’ pain, mobility and lifestyle were also measured.ResultsThere were no significant differences between the two groups at baseline. There was one (10%) scaphoid fracture in the MRI group and none in the conventional group (P = 0.42). A larger proportion of other fractures were diagnosed in the MRI group (20% (2) vs. 16.7% (1), P = 0.87), as well as less clinic attendances (1 (0–2.25) vs. 4 (2.25–5)) and diagnostic services (1 (1–1.25) vs. 2 (1–3)). Median management costs were $485.05 (AUD) (MRI) and $486.90 (AUD) (conventional). The MRI group had better pain and satisfaction scores as well as less time of immobilisation, treatment and time off work.ConclusionMRI dramatically reduces the amount of unnecessary immobilisation, time of treatment and healthcare usage in a rural setting. The two protocols are suggested to be equivalent financially. When potential societal costs, the amount of unnecessary immobilisation, low prevalence of true fractures and patient satisfaction are considered, acute MRI should be the management technique of choice. Further studies are still required to assess the best method for managing bone bruise within the scaphoid.
Correlation between preoperative endoscopic ultrasound and surgical pathology staging of gastric adenocarcinoma: A single institution retrospective review
Authors: Serrano Oscar K. , Huang Kevin , Ng Nicole , Yang Julie , Friedmann Patricia , Libutti Steven K. , Kennedy Timothy J. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundRecent evidence validates the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma. Endoscopic ultrasonographic (EUS) staging has been proposed as a useful adjunct in this setting.MethodsWe performed a retrospective review of patients treated at our institution for gastric adenocarcinoma between July 2005 and January 2014. We identified patients referred for EUS before surgery as part of a prospective treatment plan. Histopathologic staging was compared to EUS staging, with a focus on T‐ and N‐stage. Agreement between the two modalities was examined using kappa‐statistics.ResultsWe identified 614 patients with biopsy‐proven gastric adenocarcinoma; 145 underwent curative‐intent surgery. Surgical pathology and EUS results were available from 69 patients. The accuracy of EUS for the evaluation of T‐ and N‐stage was 44.9% and 56.5%, respectively. EUS demonstrated greater concordance with histopathology at evaluating T‐stage (κ = 0.3469) than N‐stage (κ = 0.1316). EUS underestimated T‐ and N‐stage in 40.8% and 30.4% of patients, respectively.ConclusionEUS seems to correlate poorly with pathology in the preoperative staging of gastric adenocarcinoma. In the majority of inaccurate cases, EUS underestimates T‐stage and N‐stage, limiting its utility in the neoadjuvant setting. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:42–45. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outstanding fundraising practice: how do nonprofits substantively increase their income?
Authors: Sargeant Adrian , Shang Jen 
Published: January 2016

In this paper, we examine the characteristics of charities that have generated substantive increases in their fundraising income. We interviewed 25 fundraising directors and team members, from organizations experiencing rapid growth, adopting a “decoding the discipline” approach to identify how each organization had overcome key barriers to its success. We identify that fundraising leaders in these exceptional nonprofits focus particularly on matters connected to their team, organizational structures that support that team, and the development of an organization‐wide learning culture. We also find that these teams were successful because of the “systems” way in which they understood and coped with the complexities of decision making. They were exceptional in isolating the right problems and exceptional too in the processes they adopted to solve them.
Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Norepinephrine transporter expression is inversely associated with glycaemic indices: a pilot study in metabolically diverse persons with overweight and obesity
Authors: Straznicky N. E. , Guo L. , Corcoran S. J. , Esler M. D. , Phillips S. E. , Sari C. I. , Grima M. T. , Karapanagiotidis S. , Wong C. Y. , Eikelis N. , Mariani J. A. , Kobayashi D. , Dixon J. B. , Lambert G. W. , Lambert E. A. 
Published: January 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the cross‐sectional relationship between the expression of norepinephrine transporter (NET), the protein responsible for neuronal uptake‐1, and indices of glycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, in overweight and obese individuals.MethodsThirteen non‐medicated, non‐smoking subjects, aged 58 ± 1 years (mean ± standard error of the mean), body mass index (BMI) 31.4 ± 1.0 kg m−2, with wide‐ranging plasma glucose and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, range 5.1% to 6.5%) participated. They underwent forearm vein biopsy to access sympathetic nerves for the quantification of NET by Western blot, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp, echocardiography and assessments of whole‐body norepinephrine kinetics and muscle sympathetic nerve activity.ResultsNorepinephrine transporter expression was inversely associated with fasting plasma glucose (r = −0.62, P = 0.02), glucose area under the curve during OGTT (AUC0–120, r = −0.65, P = 0.02) and HbA1c (r = −0.67, P = 0.01), and positively associated with steady‐state glucose utilization during euglycaemic clamp (r = 0.58, P = 0.04). Moreover, NET expression was inversely related to left ventricular posterior wall dimensions (r = −0.64, P = 0.02) and heart rate (r = −0.55, P = 0.05). Indices of hyperinsulinaemia were not associated with NET expression. In stepwise linear regression analysis adjusted for age, body mass index and blood pressure, HbA1c was an independent inverse predictor of NET expression, explaining 45% of its variance.ConclusionsHyperglycaemia is associated with reduced peripheral NET expression. Further studies are required to identify the direction of causality.