bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants of the Intention to Pump Breast Milk on a University Campus
Authors: Bai Yeon K. , Dinour Lauren M. , Pope Gina A. 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionThe number of young mothers in the workforce and in schools of higher education has steadily increased. In order to maintain a breastfeeding relationship with their children, these mothers need to pump or express breast milk multiple times a day while at work or school. This study examines the factors associated with the intention to pump breast milk at one university campus.MethodsBetween January and February 2015, an online survey invitation was sent out to all female employees and students at one university. The survey, based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, assessed intentions to pump breast milk on campus. The intention to pump breast milk was examined between employees and students separately. Within these 2 groups, behavioral performers (women who pump or have pumped breast milk while on campus) were compared to nonperformers. Using multiple regression analysis, the most influential predictors of the intention to pump (ie, attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, and underlying beliefs) were identified.ResultsA total of 218 women participated in the study (62 employees and 156 students, a 71.7% survey completion rate). Among university employees, the most influential factor that predicted pumping intention among performers was attitude toward pumping (β = 0.36, P = .03). Among student performers, the most influential factor to predict pumping intention was the subjective norm (β = 0.31, P = .02). For student nonperformers, perceived behavioral control (β = 0.54, P < .001) was the most influential factor. Important determinants of the intention to pump on campus included relieving discomfort from engorgement, availability of milk storage, experiencing other people's approval of pumping breast milk, and the inconvenience of carrying pump equipment.DiscussionContinued efforts are needed to create a supportive culture for breastfeeding in the campus community as well as to provide pump loan and milk storage options for both employee and student mothers.
The effect of Arabic gum on frozen dough properties and the sensory assessments of the bread produced
Authors: Tavakoli Hamid Reza , Jonaidi Jafari Nematollah , Hamedi Hassan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe use of hydrocolloids in frozen dough has become frequent as bread improvers due to their anti‐staling effect. Nevertheless, the impact of both different frozen storage and Arabic gum level in non‐prefermented flat dough with following thawing procedure have not been studied. This work intended to study the effect of three different ratio of Arabic gum on rheological properties of 1, 7, and 30 days of frozen storage and the quality of the bread made from. In order to gain the least detrimental effects on gluten network, we used rapid rate freezing and microwave heating in thawing stage. Rheological results showed that the unfrozen samples to which Arabic gum had been added rendered the highest resistance to extension. The resistance of gum fortified samples were less than fresh dough, however the decline was not significant in 3.0% Arabic gum dough kept in a month storage (p > .05). The similar findings were obtained for extensibility and adhesiveness; in which the maximum incorporation of Arabic gum lessen the destructive impact of long freezing storage. Addition of 3% gum could be able to retard staling through an increment in hydrophilic bonds between water molecules and amylose during thawing (p < .05). The overall rating of Arabic gum enriched samples was similar with bread made from non‐frozen dough, even after 30 days of storage as indicated by the sensory evaluation of breads.Practical applicationsProducing a chapatti‐like fermented bread without long fermentation period. Formulation a frozen dough without using chemical additives. Introducing a proper use of a new defrosting method with the aim of achieving a better texture. Improvement in retarding staling by the use of Gum Arabic after 7 days.
Relationship social comparison interpretations and dating relationship quality, behaviors, and mood
Authors: MORRY MARIAN M. , SUCHARYNA TAMARA A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSocial comparisons are common in dating relationships. We examined individuals' cognitive interpretations (e.g., hope for the future or one's own relationship is not doing well) after an upward, downward, or lateral social comparison to a friend's dating relationship. Exploratory factor analyses indicated three factors in the Relationship Social Comparison Interpretation scale (RSCI): negative interpretations, positive upward interpretations, and positive downward interpretations (Studies 1 and 2). Hierarchical regressions controlling for comparison direction and individual differences in relationship social comparison orientation indicated that the RSCI was associated with relationship satisfaction, commitment, and positive and negative affect (Studies 1 and 2). There were also direct and indirect effects (through relationship quality) of the RSCI, with attention to alternatives and accommodation behaviors (Study 2).
Monitoring infection of tomato fruit by Tomato yellow leaf curl virus
Authors: Just K. , Arif U. , Luik A. , Kvarnheden A. 
Published: August 2016

Fruit constitutes a strong sink organ and thus accumulates infecting viruses, but there is limited information about the infection process of viruses in fruit. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV, genus Begomovirus, family Geminiviridae) is one of the most important viruses affecting the production of tomato fruit. Using real‐time quantitative PCR, TYLCV was shown to accumulate with increasing titres in early developing tomato fruit tissues from anthesis until 21 days post‐anthesis. In situ hybridization demonstrated that TYLCV DNA and transcripts of the coat protein gene localized specifically to the phloem tissue of young fruit as well as sepals and petals. Embryos of developing seeds were also found to be infected. Expression of a host histone H4 gene was used as a marker for S‐phase and the gene was also found to be expressed in phloem cells of young tomato fruit. The results indicate that TYLCV is transported to developing tomato fruit, where the virus titre gradually increases because of movement and probably also due to virus replication. In this study, the accumulation and localization of TYLCV in early developing tomato fruit are monitored for the first time.
Facilitators and barriers to treatment with haemodialysis among persons in mid‐adulthood: an interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Sciberras Alan , Scerri Josianne 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe quality of life of persons on haemodialysis (HD) is often limited by the restrictions imposed by their medical regimen. These restrictions may negatively influence patients’ adherence to their treatment. Therefore, in an effort to improve patients’ adherence to treatment, there is the need to explore the patients’ perceptions of facilitators and barriers in relation to their experience of HD.AimThe purpose of the study was to explore the perceived barriers and facilitators of the HD experience of persons in mid‐adulthood.Participants and DesignA qualitative design was used. Semistructured interviews were conducted with seven participants in the mid‐adulthood phase (40–65 years). The transcribed texts were analysed using an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis approach.ResultsThree main themes were identified from the analysis: ‘social network outside the renal unit’, ‘the renal setting as a context’ and ‘qualities relating to staff’. Facilitators identified include: support from family and work colleagues, caring and knowledgeable staff and consultation with patients when planning out the treatment schedule. Barriers to treatment include: discomfort with the needling process, intrusion of HD on family time, lack of privacy in the renal unit and staff that do not take their concerns seriously.ConclusionThis study demonstrated the need for healthcare professionals to allocate time and space, where persons on HD may discuss personal issues that relate to their care experience in a private care setting. By identifying and exploring the barriers and facilitators of patients on haemodialysis, healthcare professionals may formulate individualised care plans which may improve patients’ adherence to their HD treatment.
Resistance Training Affects Iron Status in Older Men and Women
Authors: Murray-Kolb Laura E. , Beard John L. , Joseph Lyndon J. , Davey Stephanie L. , Evans William J. , Campbell Wayne W. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To examine the effects of resistance training on hematological and selected indices of iron status in 17 women aged 54–71 years and 18 men aged 56–69 years.Design:Tests and evaluations were done before and after all subjects participated in a resistance training program twice weekly for 12 weeks.Results:The resistance training was effective as evidenced by increases in skeletal muscle strength of 20 ± 9% and 23 ± 13% for the men and women, respectively. Hematological parameters and serum iron concentrations were within normal clinical ranges and were unchanged by resistance training for both the men and the women. Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) and transferrin saturation were also unaffected by resistance training in the women but were significantly affected in the men. The men showed a decreased TIBC (p < .0001) and an increased transferrin saturation (p = .050). Serum ferritin concentrations decreased significantly in the women (p = .041) but were unchanged in the men. Transferrin receptor concentrations were unaffected by resistance training in the women but increased significantly in the men (p = .030).Conclusions:With resistance training, iron status of older men and women changes in a sex specific way.
Aerobic Exercise Alters Postprandial Lipemia in African American versus White Women
Authors: Shannon Keith A. , Shannon Robynn M. , Clore John N. , Gennings Chris , Warren Beverly J. , Potteiger Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:To determine whether ethnicity influences postprandial lipemia after a bout of aerobic exercise.Methods:Randomized crossover design. Healthy White (W; n = 6) and African American (AA; n = 6) women (age, W 27.0 ± 3.3 yr, AA 21.6 ± 1.4 yr; body-mass index, W 25.0 ± 0.93 kg/m2, AA 25.8 ± 0.79 kg/m2) participated in 2 treatments (control and exercise), each conducted over 2 d. On d 1, participants rested (control) or walked at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake for 90 min (exercise) and then consumed a meal. On d 2, after a 12-hr overnight fast, participants consumed an oral fat-tolerance test (OFTT) meal of 1.7 g fat, 1.65 g carbohydrate, and 0.25 g protein per kg fat-free mass. Blood was collected premeal and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 hr post-OFTT and analyzed for triacylglycerol (TAG), glucose, and insulin. Areas under the curve (AUCs) were calculated for each blood variable.Results:A significantly lower TAG AUC was observed for AA (0.86 ± 0.24 mmol · L−1 · 6 hr−1) after exercise than for W (2.25 ± .50 mmol · L−1 · 6 hr−1). Insulin AUC was significantly higher for AA after exercise (366.2 ± 19.9 mmol · L−1 · 6 hr−1) than for the control (248.1 ± 29.2 mmol · L−1 · 6 hr−1).Conclusions:The data indicate that exercise performed ~13 hr before an OFTT significantly reduces postprandial lipemia in AA compared with W. It appears that AA women have an increased ability to dispose of TAG after exercise and a high-fat meal.
Carbohydrate Gel Ingestion and Immunoendocrine Responses to Cycling in Temperate and Hot Conditions
Authors: Peake Jonathan , Peiffer Jeremiah J. , Abbiss Chris R. , Nosaka Kazunori , Laursen Paul B. , Suzuki Katsuhiko 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:Heat stress might attenuate the effects of carbohydrate on immunoendocrine responses to exercise by increasing endogenous glucose production and reducing the rate of exogenous carbohydrate oxidation. The authors compared the efficacy of carbohydrate consumption on immune responses to exercise in temperate vs. hot conditions.Methods:Ten male cyclists exercised on 2 separate occasions in temperate (18.1 ± 0.4 °C, 58% ± 8% relative humidity) and on another 2 occasions in hot conditions (32.2 ± 0.7 °C, 55% ± 2% relative humidity). On each occasion, the cyclists exercised in a fed state for 90 min at ~60% VO2max and then completed a 16.1-km time trial. Every 15 min during the first 90 min of exercise, they consumed 0.24 g/kg body mass of a carbohydrate or placebo gel.Results:Neutrophil counts increased during exercise in all trials (p < .05) and were significantly lower (40%, p = .006) after the carbohydrate than after the placebo trial in 32 °C. The concentrations of serum interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and plasma granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor, myeloperoxidase, and calprotectin also increased during exercise in all trials but did not differ significantly between the carbohydrate and placebo trials. Plasma norepinephrine concentration increased during exercise in all trials and was significantly higher (50%, p = .01) after the carbohydrate vs. the placebo trial in 32 °C.Conclusion:Carbohydrate ingestion attenuated neutrophil counts during exercise in hot conditions, whereas it had no effect on any other immune variables in either temperate or hot conditions.
Effect of Prior Acute Exercise on Trafficking of Dietary Fat Away From Adipose Tissue
Authors: Hansen Kent C. , Schoeller Dale A. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:Increasing fat content in an isocaloric diet is associated with positive fat imbalance. Exercise attenuates this process, and the authors hypothesized the attenuation was a result of altered postprandial lipid trafficking.Design:To investigate the effects of prior exercise and nutritional state on the metabolic fate of dietary fat, a study was designed with 4 treatment arms. Energy-balance modifications (fed or fasted) ± exercise were followed by postexercise feeding of 1-14C oleic acid to Sprague-Dawley rats. Fed rats were fed 6 hr before treatment, whereas fasted rats were fasted for 15 hr before treatment with the primary variable being exercise.Measurements:14C content of gastrointestinal tract, plasma, breath, muscle (soleus, vastus lateralis [VL], and extensor digitorum longus), liver, and adipose tissue (retroperitoneal and epididymal) was measured at 5 time points postdose (1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 hr).Results:Compared with matched unexercised controls, fed rats undergoing acute exercise significantly increased recovery of 14C in breath (p = .005) and plasma (p = .001), and trends of increasing 14C recovery occurred in VL (p = .07) and soleus (p = .06). Acute exercise significantly increased recovery of 14C in breath (p = .003), VL (p = .04), and soleus (p = .03) in the fasted study. Acute exercise significantly decreased the trafficking of dietary tracer into adipose tissue in only the fed study (p < .0001).Conclusion:Although the effect of acute exercise on trafficking dietary fat away from adipose tissue was greater in the fed group than in the fasted, acute exercise had beneficial effects on adipose tissue’s collecting dietary fat when fed or fasted.
Long-Term Effect of Weight Loss on Body Composition and Performance in Elite Athletes
Authors: Garthe Ina , Raastad Truls , Sundgot-Borgen Jorunn 
Published: August 2016

Context:When weight loss (WL) is needed, it is recommended that athletes do it gradually by 0.5–1 kg/wk through moderate energy restriction. However, the effect of WL rate on long-term changes in body composition (BC) and performance has not been investigated in elite athletes.Purpose:To compare changes in body mass (BM), fat mass (FM), lean body mass (LBM), and performance 6 and 12 mo after 2 different WL interventions promoting loss of 0.7% vs. 1.4% of body weight per wk in elite athletes.Methods:Twenty-three athletes completed 6- and 12-mo postintervention testing (slow rate [SR] n = 14, 23.5 ± 3.3 yr, 72.2 ± 12.2 kg; fast rate [FR] n = 9, 21.4 ± 4.0 yr, 71.6 ± 12.0 kg). The athletes had individualized diet plans promoting the predetermined weekly WL during intervention, and 4 strength-training sessions per wk were included. BM, BC, and strength (1-repetition maximum) were tested at baseline, postintervention, and 6 and 12 mo after the intervention.Results:BM decreased by ~6% in both groups during the intervention but was not different from baseline values after 12 mo. FM decreased in SR and FR during the intervention by 31% ± 3% vs. 23% ± 4%, respectively, but was not different from baseline after 12 mo. LBM and upper body strength increased more in SR than in FR (2.0% ± 1.3% vs. 0.8% ± 1.1% and 12% ± 2% vs. 6% ± 2%) during the intervention, but after 12 mo there were no significant differences between groups in BC or performance.Conclusion:There were no significant differences between groups after 12 mo, suggesting that WL rate is not the most important factor in maintaining BC and performance after WL in elite athletes.
Whey Protein Before and During Resistance Exercise Has No Effect on Muscle Mass and Strength in Untrained Young Adults
Authors: Weisgarber Krissy D. , Candow Darren G. , Vogt Emelie S. M. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:To determine the effects of whey protein before and during resistance exercise (RE) on body composition and strength in young adults.Methods:Participants were randomized to ingest whey protein (PRO; 0.3 g/kg protein; n = 9, 24.58 ± 1.8 yr, 88.3 ± 17.1 kg, 172.5 ± 8.0 cm) or placebo (PLA; 0.2 g/kg cornstarch maltodextrin + 0.1 g/kg sucrose; n = 8, 23.6 ± 4.4 yr, 82.6 ± 16.1 kg, 169.4 ± 9.2 cm) during RE (3 sets of 6–10 repetitions for 9 whole-body exercises), which was performed 4 d/wk for 8 wk. PRO and PLA were mixed with water (600 ml); 50% of the solution containing 0.15 g/kg of PRO or PLA was consumed immediately before the start of exercise, and ~1.9% of the remaining solution containing ~0.006 g/kg of PRO or PLA was consumed immediately after each training set. Before and after the study, measures were taken for leantissue mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), muscle size of the elbow and knee flexors and extensors and ankle dorsiflexors and plantar flexors (ultrasound), and muscle strength (1-repetition-maximum chest press).Results:There was a significant increase (p < .05) in muscle size of the knee extensors (PRO 0.6 ± 0.4 cm, PLA 0.1 ± 0.5 cm), knee flexors (PRO 0.4 ± 0.6 cm, PLA 0.5 ± 0.7 cm) and ankle plantar flexors (PRO 0.6 ± 0.7 cm, PLA 0.8 ± 1.4 cm) and chest-press strength (PRO 16.6 ± 11.1 kg, PLA 9.1 ± 14.6 kg) over time, with no differences between groups.Conclusion:The ingestion of whey protein immediately before the start of exercise and again after each training set has no effect on muscle mass and strength in untrained young adults.
No Improvement in Endurance Performance after a Single Dose of Beetroot Juice
Authors: Cermak Naomi M. , Res Peter , Stinkens Rudi , Lundberg Jon O. , Gibala Martin J. , van Loon Luc J.C. 
Published: August 2016

Introduction:Dietary nitrate supplementation has received much attention in the literature due to its proposed ergogenic properties. Recently, the ingestion of a single bolus of nitrate-rich beetroot juice (500 ml, ~6.2 mmol NO3−) was reported to improve subsequent time-trial performance. However, this large volume of ingested beetroot juice does not represent a realistic dietary strategy for athletes to follow in a practical, performancebased setting. Therefore, we investigated the impact of ingesting a single bolus of concentrated nitrate-rich beetroot juice (140 ml, ~8.7 mmol NO3−) on subsequent 1-hr time-trial performance in well-trained cyclists.Methods:Using a double-blind, repeated-measures crossover design (1-wk washout period), 20 trained male cyclists (26 ± 1 yr, VO2peak 60 ± 1 ml · kg−1 · min−1, Wmax 398 ± 7.7 W) ingested 140 ml of concentrated beetroot juice (8.7 mmol NO3−; BEET) or a placebo (nitrate-depleted beetroot juice; PLAC) with breakfast 2.5 hr before an ~1-hr cycling time trial (1,073 ± 21 kJ). Resting blood samples were collected every 30 min after BEET or PLAC ingestion and immediately after the time trial.Results:Plasma nitrite concentration was higher in BEET than PLAC before the onset of the time trial (532 ± 32 vs. 271 ± 13 nM, respectively; p < .001), but subsequent time-trial performance (65.5 ± 1.1 vs. 65 ± 1.1 s), power output (275 ± 7 vs. 278 ± 7 W), and heart rate (170 ± 2 vs. 170 ± 2 beats/min) did not differ between BEET and PLAC treatments (all p > .05).Conclusion:Ingestion of a single bolus of concentrated (140 ml) beetroot juice (8.7 mmol NO3−) does not improve subsequent 1-hr time-trial performance in well-trained cyclists.
Physical Activity, Fitness, and Metabolic Syndrome in Young Adults
Authors: López-Martínez Sara , Sánchez-López Mairena , Solera-Martinez Montserrat , Arias-Palencia Natalia , Fuentes-Chacón Rosa M. , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:Our objective was to analyze the association between different intensities of physical activity (PA), physical fitness, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in young adults.Methods:Cross-sectional study including 275 university students, 18–30 years old, from Cuenca, Spain. We evaluated (a) physical activity using accelerometry, (b) aerobic capacity (VO2max), and (c) muscle strength, by a muscle strength index calculated as the sum of the standardized z score of handgrip dynamometry/weight and standing broad jump. An MS index was estimated by summing standardized z scores of waist circumference, ratio of triglycerides to high-density lipoprotein, mean arterial blood pressure, and HOMA-IR.Results:The mean scores of MS index and HOMAIR were significantly higher and the VO2max significantly lower for individuals who did not perform 20 min or more per week of vigorous physical activity. However, those who performed 250 min/week of moderate physical activity showed no significant differences in either VO2max or the MS index when compared with individuals who did not perform this level of activity. The MS index was lower in those with medium-high levels of aerobic capacity. In addition, individuals with medium-high levels of muscular fitness showed lower waist circumference and a lower MS index.Conclusions:VO2max and muscle strength are negatively associated with metabolic risk. 20-min/week of vigorous physical activity was associated with lower cardiometabolic risk in young adults; moderate physical activity did not show association with lower cardiometabolic risk.
Oral Creatine Supplementation Augments the Repeated Bout Effect
Authors: Veggi Kelle F. T. , Machado Marco , Koch Alexander J. , Santana Sandro C. , Oliveira Sedison S. , Stec Michael J. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:We examined the effects of creatine supplementation on the response to repeated bouts of resistance exercise.Methods:Young men (24.1 ± 5.2 yr) were divided into Creatine (CM, n = 9) and Placebo (PL, n = 9) groups. On day (D) 1 and D15, subjects performed four sets of bicep curls at 75% 1-RM to concentric failure. On D8-D13, subjects consumed either 20g/d creatine monohydrate or placebo. Muscle soreness and elbow joint range of motion (ROM) were assessed on D1-D5 and D15-D19. Serum creatine kinase activity (CK) was assessed on D1, D3, D5, D15, D17, and D19.Results:The first exercise bout produced increases in muscle soreness and CK, and decreases in ROM in both groups (p < .001). The second bout produced lesser rises in serum CK, muscle soreness, and a lesser decrease in ROM (bout effect, p < .01 for all), with greater attenuation of these damage markers in CM than PL. CK levels on D17 were lower (+110% over D15 for CM vs. +343% for PL), muscle soreness from D15–19 was lower (–75% for CM vs. –56% for PL compared with first bout), and elbow ROM was decreased in PL, but not CM on D16 (p < .05 for all).Conclusions:Creatine supplementation provides an additive effect on blunting the rise of muscle damage markers following a repeated bout of resistance exercise. The mechanism by which creatine augments the repeated bout effect is unknown but is likely due to a combination of creatine’s multifaceted functions.