bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRIMORDIAL GRAVITATIONAL WAVES AND RESCATTERED ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND
Authors: Kim Dong-Hoon , Trippe Sascha 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
Understanding the interaction of primordial gravitational waves (GWs) with the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) plasma is important for observational cosmology. In this article, we provide an analysis of an apparently as-yet-overlooked effect. We consider a single free electric charge and suppose that it can be agitated by primordial GWs propagating through the CMB plasma, resulting in periodic, regular motion along particular directions. Light reflected by the charge will be partially polarized, and this will imprint a characteristic pattern on the CMB. We study this effect by considering a simple model in which anisotropic incident electromagnetic (EM) radiation is rescattered by a charge sitting in spacetime perturbed by GWs, and becomes polarized. As the charge is driven to move along particular directions, we calculate its dipole moment to determine the leading-order rescattered EM radiation. The Stokes parameters of the rescattered radiation exhibit a net linear polarization. We investigate how this polarization effect can be schematically represented out of the Stokes parameters. We work out the representations of gradient modes (E-modes) and curl modes (B-modes) to produce polarization maps. Although the polarization effect results from GWs, we find that its representations, the E- and B-modes, do not practically reflect the GW properties such as strain amplitude, frequency, and polarization states.
« La cause c’est nous » : militants du Hezbollah au Liban face à la guerre en Syrie
Authors: Calabrese Erminia Chiara 
Published: October 2016

Cet article analyse la façon dont les militants du Hezbollah libanais ont adopté et vécu la décision du parti de s’engager militairement en Syrie, aux côtés des troupes de Bachar al-Assad. S’appuyant sur des entretiens biographiques avec des militants et des combattants dans la banlieue sud de Beyrouth, des observations ethnographiques et des sources secondaires, il éclaire les pratiques militantes au sein du Hezbollah depuis 2011. En dépit de la diversité d’attitudes de la part des militants vis-à-vis de cette intervention, l’article montre combien les ressorts de la loyauté au Hezbollah ne se limitent pas à la question de la résistance contre Israël, qui n’est qu’une déclinaison d’une cause plus générale.
Irak : « la malédiction du trop-plein partisan »
Authors: Al Rachid Loulouwa 
Published: October 2016

Loulouwa Al Rachid rend compte de la construction historique du fait partisan irakien et du moment de l’intervention étrangère de 2003 qui opère le passage d’un État-parti à un oligopole partisan, d’un parti-idéologie à des partis-confessions. Elle dresse le constat d’une société politique extrêmement diverse, mais dont la diversité, contrainte par un champ partisan à la fois violent, verrouillé et hyperconcurrentiel, ne trouve à s’exprimer que sur des modes armés et confessionnalisés à outrance.
Nice et ses musulmans : une intégration refusée ?
Authors: Bistolfi Robert 
Published: October 2016

Endeuillée par l’un des attentats les plus meurtriers liés à Daech, Nice n’a pas été choisie au hasard. La Promenade des Anglais est bien connue, son prestige est associé au soleil et à la légèreté des vacances. L’écho médiatique de l’événement ne pouvait être que mondial. On dit que l’État islamique en recul au Proche-Orient a ainsi voulu rappeler que sa capacité de nuisance demeurait forte. D’autres analyseront cette dimension-là de l’événement, mais pour ce qui est de la France, le choix de Nice n’a pas été anodin pour d’autres raisons. Le paravent trompeur des palmiers masque des inégalités et des frictions bien réelles. Le nombre de musulmans est aujourd’hui significatif, et ils sont visibles – légitimement – dans l’espace public. La droite extrême qui domine ici a préféré manipuler les questions identitaires plutôt que d’affronter les défis et les efforts d’une réelle intégration sociale. La réalité des tensions sociétales a fait croire aux terroristes que la situation était exploitable, que la tuerie susciterait des violences antimusulmanes en retour. Leur choix du 14 juillet a voulu de même manifester symboliquement le refus d’une communauté politique égalitaire. Le but recherché – un déchaînement des affrontements – n’a pas été atteint. Pour le moment ? On doit se féliciter des réactions dignes, de la retenue dont, en général, la ville a su faire preuve. Mais, après l’émotion, le temps du deuil doit déboucher sur celui de la réflexion. Dans la démarche d’accueil des musulmans, la société niçoise avait-elle su affronter à la juste hauteur les défis d’une diversité culturelle inédite ? Sauf brillantes exceptions, le personnel politique a sur ce point été défaillant. Le riche particularisme nissart (catholicisme de tradition, dialecte original…) a été utilisé dans une démarche de repli et d’exclusion concernant l’Islam. Dans l’espace urbain, on a voulu contraindre la présence musulmane, l’effacer au maximum, la maintenir dans l’espace clos et discret de la famille, à la périphérie du cœur actif de la cité. Avec un simple dépouillement de la presse, on peut suivre au fil du temps ce refus des édiles d’admettre véritablement la composante musulmane de « leur » ville, cela en lui imputant l’intégrale responsabilité de son exclusion. N’en déplaise au Premier ministre qui avait affirmé qu’expliquer c’est déjà excuser, un rapprochement est inquiétant : les départs en Syrie à partir des Alpes-Maritimes ont été parmi les plus nombreux de l’Hexagone.
Vers une critique pragmatique du management et de l’évaluation par les chiffres. Une analyse des routines conversationnelles dans un réseau de franchise
Authors: Quaram Youness , Fauré Bertrand 
Published: October 2016

Cet article propose de renouveler la critique traditionnelle du management et des instruments de mesure et d’évaluation des performances en assumant une position analytique pragmatique : la performativité des chiffres – ce qu’ils font en disant ce qui est – est constituée par une réciprocité, une symétrie, une oscillation entre eux et nous. A partir d’une analyse des routines conversationnelles des salariés d’une station service en franchise, cet article montre que la plus tyrannique des évaluations peut aussi être vue, à partir du moment où elle dure, comme performative d’un mode d’existence polyphonique de l’organisation. La conclusion invite les organisations à une éthique de l’indécidabilité dans l’usage des chiffres et des actes de langage.
Le Community management : une instrumentalisation de l’espace public, de la lutte pour la reconnaissance et de la logique de don
Authors: Galibert Olivier 
Published: October 2016

Le Community management se présente comme une forme d’ingénierie sociale et symbolique dont l’objet est de développer l’interaction et l’autoproduction de contenus sur Internet. Le Community Management s’inscrit donc dans une forme de néo-management prompt à gommer les marques d’un contrôle social intrinsèquement lié aux normes gestionnaires, dans une forme de promotion d’un communautarisme électronique communicationnel, généreux et valorisant les usagers-membres. Mais cette récupération instrumentale d’une certaine forme d’idéologie d’Internet ne peut-elle pas déboucher sur une réelle promotion et diffusion des normes sociales émancipatrices qui la constituent ?
Filiation catastrophique et travail de mémoire après la Shoah : quand la libre réalisation de l’arbre généalogique est au service de l’historicisation
Authors: Katz-Gilbert Muriel , Bourguignon Manon , Lo Piccolo Giuseppe 
Published: October 2016

Cet article se propose de montrer comment un crime de masse tel que le génocide entraîne des répercussions psychiques sur plusieurs générations, ce que l’on peut considérer comme une catastrophe de la filiation. Comment s’inscrire dans un lien de filiation pour écrire son propre roman des origines lorsque l’horreur vécue musèle à jamais la vie de la mémoire, de la parole et de la transmission ? C’est à travers la médiation projective de la libre réalisation de l’arbre généalogique que l’article tentera d’explorer ces questions par une étude de cas. Dans l’espace intermédiaire de la rencontre, tout en respectant les aménagements défensifs du sujet, le travail de perlaboration se rend possible. L’article montre comment la dimension médiatrice et projective du dispositif se met au service du travail d’historicisation et de remémoration de l’histoire familiale et collective chez un descendant d’un survivant de la Shoah.
La lutte des Guarani de l’Ouest du Paraná
Authors: Lini Priscila , Caubet Christian G. 
Published: October 2016

Dans un territoire occupé au début du XX e siècle par une colonisation agricole d’immigrants européens récents, au détriment des autochtones restés à l’écart du développement jusque-là, un grand barrage a été construit en 1973 au prix d’importants déplacements de populations, qui s’est traduit par un confinement des Guaranis dans des espaces trop exigus.
Effect of ingratiation on supervisor satisfaction through helping behavior: A moderated mediation model
Authors: Asadullah Muhammad Ali , Haider Sajid , De Pablos Heredero Carmen , Musaddiq Mariam 
Published: October 2016

Purpose: This research intends to investigate the mediating role of helping behavior in relationship between employee ingratiation and supervisor satisfaction across high and low levels of ingratiation behavior, and answers the questions: how, when and why ingratiation is effective.Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through questionnaire surveys in hotel industry, and structural equation modelling was applied to analyze these data by using hypothetical-deductive approach.Findings: The results indicate that helping behavior is an important mediator of the relationship between ingratiation and supervisor satisfaction. Moreover, ingratiation is also a strong moderator of the relationship between helping behavior and supervisor satisfaction. This research concludes that employee ingratiation positively predicts helping behaviors, and consequently the supervisor satisfaction.Research limitations/implications: This study is not experimental in nature, but a cross-sectional design has been followed. Future research can focus on an experimental design by incorporating a time element, and the design and analysis should be nested since this study did not use multilevel analysis. Moreover, this study used only two forms of ingratiation for measuring employee ingratiation behavior. We suggest researchers to consider all four dimensions of ingratiation by using some distinct scales.Practical implications: This research explains mechanisms underlying supervisor-subordinate relationship, and contributes to organizational behavior research by answering the question; 'when and how ingratiation could be effective?' The findings of this study have important managerial implications, and provide future lines of research. Social implications: The findings of this research demonstrate that ingratiation is an important tool for satisfying superiors if employees exhibit helping behaviors towards coworkers and supervisors. Particularly, new employees can benefit from ingratiation to socialize within work organizations. Moreover, existing employees can use ingratiation to establish as well as maintain better social relations with supervisors and colleagues.Originality/value: Previous research emphasized more on customer-directed employee ingratiation but this study offers its contribution by emphasizing coworker as well as supervisor directed employee ingratiation. Moreover, this study measures effectiveness of ingratiation in terms of employee task performance representing supervisor satisfaction.
Topical Squalamine 0.2% and Intravitreal Ranibizumab 0.5 mg as Combination Therapy for Macular Edema Due to Branch and Central Retinal Vein Occlusion: An Open-Label, Randomized Study
Authors: Wroblewski John J. , Hu Allen Y. 
Published: October 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effects of squalamine (OHR-102; Ohr Pharmaceuticals, New York, NY) and ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) on macular edema (ME) secondary to retinal vein occlusion (RVO).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Twenty consecutive, treatment-naïve patients with RVO-related ME received topical squalamine and intravitreal ranibizumab 0.5 mg for 10 weeks, followed by randomization to continue or discontinue squalamine. Groups received as-needed ranibizumab from weeks 2 through 34. The primary endpoint was the proportion of eyes gaining 15 or more Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) letters at week 38. Safety and tolerability were assessed. Data from 13 treatment-naïve control eyes previously enrolled in three similar trials evaluating monthly ranibizumab 0.5 mg for RVO-related ME were included for comparison.

RESULTS:
At baseline, mean best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) measures were 55.6 ETDRS letters and 55.0 ETDRS letters in the squalamine and control groups, respectively. At week 38, BCVA improved 25.6 letters in the squalamine group; at month 9, BCVA improved 16.3 letters in the control group. This corresponds to a between–treatment-group difference of 9.2 letters. Squalamine and ranibizumab combination therapy was well-tolerated.

CONCLUSIONS:
In patients with RVO-related ME, topical squalamine combined with early, as-needed ranibizumab appears to enhance visual recovery versus ranibizumab alone. Combination therapy appears safe and was well-tolerated.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2016;47:914–923.]
Changing clinical scenario in Chandipura virus infection
Authors: Sudeep A.B. , Gurav Y.K. , Bondre V.P. 
Published: October 2016

Chandipura virus (CHPV) (Vesiculovirus: Rhabdoviridae) garnered global attention as an emerging neurotropic pathogen inflicting high mortality in children within 24 h of commencement of symptoms. The 2003-2004 outbreaks in Central India witnessed case fatality rates ranging from 56-75 per cent in Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat with typical encephalitic symptoms. Due to the acute sickness and rapid deterioration, the precise mechanism of action of the virus is still unknown. Recent studies have shown increased expression of CHPV phosphoprotein upto 6 h post infection (PI) demonstrating CHPV replication in neuronal cells and the rapid destruction of the cells by apoptosis shed light on the probable mechanism of rapid death in children.
Phlebotomine sandflies are implicated as vectors due to their predominance in endemic areas, repeated virus isolations and their ability to transmit the virus by transovarial and venereal routes. Significant contributions have been made in the development of diagnostics and prophylactics, vaccines and antivirals. Two candidate vaccines, viz. a recombinant vaccine and a killed vaccine and siRNAs targeting P and M proteins have been developed and are awaiting clinical trials. Rhabdomyosarcoma and Phlebotomus papatasi cell lines as well as embryonated chicken eggs have been found useful in virus isolation and propagation. Despite these advancements, CHPV has been a major concern in Central India and warrants immediate attention from virologists, neurologists, paediatricians and the government for containing the virus.
Influence of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene rs4362 polymorphism on the progression of kidney failure in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
Authors: Ramanathan Gnanasambandan , Ghosh Santu , Elumalai Ramprasad , Periyasamy Soundararajan , Lakkakula Bhaskar V.K.S. 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is an inherited systemic disorder, characterized by the fluid filled cysts in the kidneys leading to end stage renal failure in later years of life. Hypertension is one of the major factors independently contributing to the chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression. The renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) genes have been extensively studied as hypertension candidate genes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of angiotensin converting enzyme tagging - single nucleotide polymorphisms (ACE tag-SNPs) in progression of CKD in patients with ADPKD.

Methods:
In the present study six ACE tagSNPs (angiotensin converting enzyme tag single nucleotide polymorphisms) and insertion/deletion (I/D) in 102 ADPKD patients and 106 control subjects were investigated. The tagSNPs were genotyped using FRET-based KASPar method and ACE ID by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and electrophoresis. Genotypes and haplotypes were compared between ADPKD patients and controls. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the effect of genotypes and hypertension on CKD advancement. Mantel-Haenszel (M-H) stratified analysis was performed to study the relationship between different CKD stages and hypertension and their interaction.

Results:
All loci were polymorphic and except rs4293 SNP the remaining loci followed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Distribution of ACE genotypes and haplotypes in controls and ADPKD patients was not significant. A significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed between SNPs forming two LD blocks. The univariate analysis revealed that the age, hypertension, family history of diabetes and ACE rs4362 contributed to the advancement of CKD.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The results suggest that the ACE genotypes are effect modifiers of the relationship between hypertension and CKD advancement among the ADPKD patients.
Homocysteine & its metabolite homocysteine-thiolactone & deficiency of copper in patients with age related macular degeneration - A pilot study
Authors: Bharathselvi Muthuvel , Biswas Sayantan , Raman Rajiv , Selvi Radhakrishnan , Coral Karunakaran , Narayanansamy Angayarkanni , Ramakrishnan Sivaramakrishnan , Sulochana Konerirajapuram N. 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
Age related macular degeneration (ARMD) is a leading cause of blindness, particularly in persons above 60 yr of age. Homocysteine is implicated in many ocular diseases including ARMD. This study was undertaken to assess the status and relationship between plasma homocysteine, homocysteine - thiolactone, homocysteinylated protein and copper levels in patients with ARMD.

Methods:
A total of 16 patients with ARMD and 16 age-matched controls were recruited for the study. Plasma glutathione, homocysteine, homocysteine - thiolactone and extent of homocysteine conjugation with proteins, copper and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were measured.

Results:
Homocysteine levels were elevated with increase in homocysteine-thiolactone, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and a decrease of glutathione. The levels of homocysteinylated protein were elevated in ARMD. The elevated homocysteine, homocysteine-thiolactone correlated with the decrease in copper level.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Elevated homocysteine and its metabolite homocysteine-thiolactone and decreased levels of copper may play an important role in the pathogenesis of ARMD.
Current costs & projected financial needs of India's Universal Immunization Programme
Authors: Chatterjee Susmita , Pant Manish , Haldar Pradeep , Aggarwal Mahesh Kumar , Laxminarayan Ramanan 
Published: October 2016

Background & objectives:
India's Universal Immunization Programme (UIP) is one of the largest programmes in the world in terms of quantities of vaccines administered, number of beneficiaries, number of immunization sessions, and geographical extent and diversity of areas covered. Strategic planning for the Programme requires credible information on the cost of achieving the objectives and the financial resources needed at national, State, and district levels. We present here expenditures on immunization services in India in 2012 (baseline) and projected costs for five years (2013-2017).

Methods:
Data were collected from the Immunization Division of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, and immunization partners, such as the World Health Organization and UNICEF. The cost components were immunization personnel, vaccines and injection supplies, transportation, trainings, social mobilization, advocacy and communication activities, disease surveillance, Programme management, maintenance of cold chain and other equipment, and capital costs.

Results:
Total baseline expenditure was

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-201643060-00018/math_18MM1/v/2022-09-30T185044Z/r/image-tiff

3,446 crore [1 crore = 10 million] (US$718 million), including shared personnel costs. In 2012, the government paid for 90 per cent of the Programme. Total resource requirements for 2013-2017 are

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-201643060-00018/math_18MM2/v/2022-09-30T185044Z/r/image-tiff

34,336 crore (US$ 5, 282 million). Allocations for vaccines increase from

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-201643060-00018/math_18MM3/v/2022-09-30T185044Z/r/image-tiff

511 crore in 2013 to

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-201643060-00018/math_18MM4/v/2022-09-30T185044Z/r/image-tiff

3,587 crore in 2017 as new vaccines are assumed to be introduced in the Programme.

Interpretation & conclusions:
The projections show that the government immunization budget will be double in 2017 as compared to 2013. It will increase from

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-201643060-00018/math_18MM5/v/2022-09-30T185044Z/r/image-tiff

4,570 crore in 2013 to

JOURNAL/ijmer/04.03/02223309-201643060-00018/math_18MM6/v/2022-09-30T185044Z/r/image-tiff

9,451 crore in 2017.
Numerical Analysis for a Nonlocal Parabolic Problem
Authors: Mbehou M. , Maritz R. , Tchepmo P.M.D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article is devoted to the study of the finite element approximation for a nonlocal nonlinear parabolic problem. Using a linearised Crank-Nicolson Galerkin finite element method for a nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation, we establish the convergence and error bound for the fully discrete scheme. Moreover, important results on exponential decay and vanishing of the solutions in finite time are presented. Finally, some numerical simulations are presented to illustrate our theoretical analysis.