bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic Predisposition Analysis of the Fshr Gene in Pcos: Insights From a South Indian Population
Authors: Francis Jijo , Sebastian Honey , George Neetha , Saritha F. , Gilvaz Sareena , Dileep K.V. , T.S. Ragitha , George Siji Susan , Francis Roger , Martin Mary , Menon Smriti , Raveendran Suresh Kumar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose: In genetic studies, ethnic variations and the heterogeneous nature of PCOS attributed to inconclusive results. Despite being one of the most populated and diverse countries in the world, there is an absence of polymorphisms study on promoter region and a paucity of data on the association of common exonic variations of FSHRgene with PCOS in a homogenous group in India.
Materials and Methods: In our case-control study, we recruited 1018 women (438 PCOS and 580 Controls). We carefully selected 121 participants from the 438 PCOS patients based on their maternal or paternal lineage and the severity of their symptoms from menarche onwards with fulfilling all the three Rotterdam criteria. From 580 controls, to reduce maximum genetic propensity, 121 age-matched individuals who did not have PCOS in either maternal or paternal relatives up to the second degree were enrolled as experimental controls. The proximal promoter region of the FSHR gene was analyzed in PCOS and control samples by PCR-Sanger sequencing. Further, significantly observed 5’UTR variant (rs1394205) in sanger sequencing and two common exon 10 SNPs [Ala307Thr A>G (rs6165) and Ser680Asn A>G (rs6166)] were analyzed by PCR-RFLP in 121 PCOS patients and 121 control subjects. Finally, the pathogenic evaluation of Ala307Thr A>G (rs6165) and Ser680Asn A>G (rs6166) was performed by applying various bioinformatics tools.
Results: In our study, a notable significance were observed in the FSHR rs1394205 and rs6165 polymorphisms with the PCOS predisposition. Apart from this, rs6165 has a notable variance in genotype frequency between individuals with the normal BMI group. However, the in-silico pathogenicity prediction tools predicted that this variation was non-pathogenic.
Conclusion: Our finding suggests that the FSHR rs1394205, −29G>A and rs6165 polymorphisms are significantly associated with PCOS predisposition in South Indian PCOS patients.
Prevalence and predictors of undiagnosed hypertension among residents of Akesta City, Northeast, Ethiopia, 2023: Community based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tassew Hussein , Shumye Mekuraiw Wuhib , Zeru Leul Mekonnen , Shiferaw Metadel Tegegne , Shumye Getachew Wuhib , Tegegne Belachew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is the world's leading risk factor for death and disability. Occasionally, there is an alarming rise in the prevalence of undetected hypertension; this is especially true in poorer nations due to inadequate screening protocols. However, there are few studies on the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension in Ethiopia. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension and associated factors among Akesta Town residents.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 428 adult residents of Akesta town from April to May 2023. A systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. A structured, pretested WHO STEPS-wise tool was used to collect data. Data was entered using Epidata version 3.1, then exported to SPSS version 25 for further analysis. Binary logistic regression, adjusted odds ratio, along with 95% CI, was used to identify significant variables. From multivariable analysis, variables having a p-value <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The results were expressed in texts and tables. Model fitness was assessed using the Hosmer-Lemshow Test.
Results: The prevalence of undiagnosed hypertension was 15.9% (995% CI: 11.2, 21.5). Cigarette smoking (AOR = 11.04, 95% CI: 3.43, 35.57), alcohol drinking (AOR = 5.5, 95% CI: 1.64, 18.78), physical exercise (AOR = 4.78, 95% CI: 1.53, 15.06), and family history of hypertension (AOR = 6.8, 95% CI: 1.83, 25.19) were predictors of undiagnosed hypertension.
Conclusion: According to this study, adult residents of Akesta Town had a significant prevalence of untreated hypertension. Undiagnosed hypertension was predicted by physical exercise, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and family history of hypertension. The government and other pertinent parties will be alarmed by this, prompting them to create public health initiatives, including community-based screening and education campaigns.
Temporal Graph Memory Networks For Knowledge Tracing
Authors: Gad Seif , Abdelfattah Sherif , Abdelrahman Ghodai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Tracing a student's knowledge growth given the past exercise answering is a vital objective in automatic tutoring systems to customize the learning experience. Yet, achieving this objective is a non-trivial task as it involves modeling the knowledge state across multiple knowledge components (KCs) while considering their temporal and relational dynamics during the learning process. Knowledge tracing methods have tackled this task by either modeling KCs' temporal dynamics using recurrent models or relational dynamics across KCs and questions using graph models. Albeit, there is a lack of methods that could learn joint embedding between relational and temporal dynamics of the task. Moreover, many methods that count for the impact of a student's forgetting behavior during the learning process use hand-crafted features, limiting their generalization on different scenarios. In this paper, we propose a novel method that jointly models the relational and temporal dynamics of the knowledge state using a deep temporal graph memory network. In addition, we propose a generic technique for representing a student's forgetting behavior using temporal decay constraints on the graph memory module. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method using multiple knowledge tracing benchmarks while comparing it to state-of-the-art methods.
Hyperammonemia-derived Neurovascular Inflammation Mediated by MAO-A and δ- Secretase in Neurodegenerative Brain Models
Authors: Tran Minh , Do Khanh V. , Kang You Jung , Diep Yen N. , Jamsranjav Ariunzaya , Kwak Seung Min , Lee Luke P. , Cho Hansang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Ammonia is a potent neurotoxin that can lead to hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a severe neurological condition associated with cerebral edema. Recent studies have increasingly shown an association between hepatic encephalopathy, particularly cerebral edema and tauopathy, yet no existing model adequately explains the underlying mechanism. Here, we report that hyperammonemia triggers neurovascular inflammation, leading to tauopathy through the activation of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) and δ-secretase, using a human brain edema model implemented on 3D human blood-brain barrier (BBB) and 3D neuroglia platforms. In the BBB, hyperammonemia disrupts tight junctions and activates pro-inflammatory endothelial cells via superoxide production from mitochondrial MAO-A, allowing ammonia and inflammatory factors to infiltrate brain tissues. In brain neuron-glia, ammonia is a key factor in inducing brain edema by activating hypertrophic astrogliosis, which releases excess glutamine and H2O2, key contributors to phosphorylated tau via MAO-A activation in neurons. Meanwhile, endothelium-derived pro-inflammatory factors drive the recruitment of microglial M1 phenotypes, further triggering δ-secretase activation and subsequent cleavage of tau proteins in neurons. Taken together, our studies suggest potential therapeutic targets for neurodegeneration associated with hepatic failure.
Predicting peak cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with cardiovascular disease using machine learning
Authors: Suh Jungwon , Kim Hongbum , Kim Bo Ryun , Lee Hyo Kyung , Jung Jae Seung , Kim Hee Jung , Son Ho Sung , Ko Jinhee , Park Chanyoung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models to predict peak cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) before and after cardiac rehabilitation (CR).
Methods and Results
Data from 162 patients with cardiovascular disease were analyzed. Two predictive tasks were employed: Task 1 estimated peak oxygen consumption (VO2 peak) using baseline clinical and functional data and Task 2 predicted changes in VO2 peak after CR by additionally considering inter-visit exercise quantities and pre-CR cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) results. Four linear regression models and six ML models were trained and validated through 5-fold cross-validation technique. Both tasks demonstrated that the CatBoost and XGBoost models exhibited the highest predictive performance, effectively forecasting VO2 peak values before and after CR. Task 1 highlighted the importance of the six-minute walk distance (6MWD), Korean Activity Scale Index (KASI), and hand grip strength (HGS) in predicting the initial VO2 peak. Task 2 suggested a ceiling effect in the recovery of VO2 peak following CR and emphasized the importance of resistance exercise.
Conclusion
The application of ML models provides a powerful tool for predicting the peak CRF in patients with CVD undergoing CR, both at the initial assessment and after completing rehabilitation programs.
Exceptional energy harvesting from coupled bound states
Authors: Kronowetter Felix , Melnikov Anton , Maeder Marcus , Yang Tao , Chiang Yan Kei , Oberst Sebastian , Powell David , Marburg Steffen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Sustainable and affordable energy is one of society's most critical issues. Noise is ubiquitous and disruptive, hence a near-perfect energy harvesting source, albeit with a low energy density. To overcome the problem of low energy density, one possible solution to improve energy harvesting performance is to exploit the unique properties of bound states in the continuum. Due to their high-quality factor, they offer exceptional energy enhancement properties, resulting in improved impedance matching between the medium and the harvesting element. As a result, bound states in the continuum are particularly well suited to harvesting energy with a high degree of efficiency. A cutting-edge innovation is that bound states can be further tuned by pressure coupling, which can lead to the formation of a super-bound state. Here, we present theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies on bound state acoustic harvesters. We compare them to conventional Helmholtz resonator harvesters and show that the energy harvesting efficiency is significantly improved. Under white noise excitation, the bound state harvester outperforms the conventional Helmholtz resonator harvester by a factor of $2.2$ in terms of amplitude spectral density of the output voltage. We also present the first free field system for bound state-based harvesting. By introducing a coupled bound state system, we further increase the energy enhancement, resulting in a $50$-fold increase in output voltage compared to a single-bound state harvester. In summary, a game-changing, low-cost, and sustainable module for free acoustic energy generation that outperforms conventional harvesters is presented. Our findings advance the state-of-the-art in sustainable energy harvesting for low-power devices such as wearable devices, medical implants, and remote sensors, where connecting to the grid or other conventional power sources is inconvenient. This contribution serves as another step towards a greener, cleaner world.
Rapid polyamide membrane compatibility testing of potential anti-biofouling agents for reverse osmosis membrane systems
Authors: Da-Silva-Correa Luiz Henrique , Smith Hayley A. , Douglas Georgia , Thorburn Danyka S. G. , Godoy Rafaela , Henriquez Orielle-Floriane K. N. , Gamm Nicole E. , Buckley Heather Louisa 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

The detrimental impacts of biofouling on reverse osmosis (RO) membrane (ROM) installations is one of the main technical barriers faced by RO technology to provide potable water. To unveil safer alternatives for biofouling prevention in ROM installations, this work assesses the ROM compatibility of three potential low-hazard anti-biofouling agents (lauroyl arginate ethyl (LAE), phenoxyethanol (PE), and sodium benzoate (SB)) via a proposed rapid membrane degradation test. This study offers a cost-effective screening tool to select biocides for extensive compatibility studies. Attenuated total reflectance – Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy assessed ROM surface damage due to biocide exposure. LAE did not show significant morphological or chemical membrane damage at any experimental conditions (exposure time: 1, 8, and 24 h; pH: 4, 7, 9; concentration: 100 mg/L, 50 g/L, 100 g/L, and 150 g/L). However, results indicated that exposure to PE and SB led to membrane degradation. The proposed rapid membrane degradation test showed to be an excellent tool for improving current membrane compatibility testing practices. It identified two ROM-damaging biocides, SB and PE, streamlining large-scale testing efforts. Additionally, it identified a promising biocide, LAE, with the potential to address biofouling in RO systems, prompting further long-term compatibility studies.
Determinants of Prevalence and Factors Associated with Anemia among Pregnant Women in Gambia: A Multivariate Analysis using DHS Data
Authors: Akindutire Opeyemi Roselyn , Ramroop Shaun , Habyarimana Faustin 
Published: October 2024

Background
Anemia is a prevalent public health concern in The Gambia and other developing nations. While previous studies relied on binary logistic regression, the Multinomial Survey Logistic Regression Model was developed to address complexities in survey design, including sampling weights, stratification, and clustering. Multiple Imputation with Chained Equations (MICE) was employed to address missing data in variables such as anemia level, contraceptive use, and malaria drug intake during pregnancy.

Aim/Objective
This study aims to determine the prevalence and factors of anemia among pregnant women across eight local government areas in The Gambia. The research focuses on Kanifing, Kuntaur, Mansakonko, Kerewan, Janjanbureh, Basse, Brikama, and Banjul. Given the limited research on anemia among pregnant women in The Gambia, there is a need for further investigation into this topic.

Methods
MICE were utilized to address missing data due to their validity in handling uncertainty. This method generates multiple reasonable datasets for imputation and analyzes them accurately. A survey logistic regression model was employed to assess data fitness, considering the complex sample design. Anemia levels were measured among 11,865 pregnant women aged 15 to 49 using a systematic questionnaire. The multinomial survey logistic regression model was utilized to account for sampling weights, stratification, and clustering, relaxing the premise of observation independence violated by conventional logistic regression.

Results
The study involved 11,865 expectant mothers, revealing mild, moderate, and severe cases of anemia with a prevalence of 44.6%. Factors associated with anemia included place of residence, local government area, contraceptive use, age, literacy level, and current pregnancy status.

Conclusion
Socio-economic, demographic, and environmental factors significantly impact anemia levels among reproductive women in The Gambia. Addressing factors such as place of residence, local government areas, contraceptive use, literacy level, and current pregnancy status is crucial in mitigating anemia risk. Government initiatives, such as improving access to sanitation facilities and offering free check-ups, could effectively address this public health concern.
Understanding Bacterial Roles in Cancer Chemo-resistance: A Signaling Pathway Mapping Study
Authors: Chaudhary Raushan Kumar , Pinto Allen , Mascarenhas Vineeth , Saliyan Ashwath Kampa , Avvaru Deepthi , Babu Anjana , Mateti Uday Venkat 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Chemoresistance is one of the leading causes of chemotherapy
failure among cancer patients. Out of several hypotheses proposed for chemoresistance,
bacteria-mediated chemoresistance to cancer drugs has not been well established. Thus,
the aim of this review is to map the pathways by which bacteria exhibit chemoresistance
in specific cancers.

Material and Methods:
Relevant articles on bacteria-mediated chemoresistance in cancer
were retrieved by conducting a systematic search across PubMed, Scopus and Web of
Science databases. The search was limited to English original articles published until 15th
December 2023.

Results:
A total of nine articles were included to map the pathways involved in chemoresistance.
Numerous pathways have been connected to various forms of cancer, such as
autophagy pathway in colorectal and esophageal cancers by Fusobacterium nucleatum
causing oxaliplatin and 5-FU resistance; DNA damage response pathway also by Fusobacterium
nucleatum promoting CDDP resistance in esophageal cancer; Porphyromonas
gingivalis led to oral and esophageal cancer resistance to paclitaxel via JAK/STAT pathway.
NF-κB pathway involved in gastric cancer in the presence of Helicobacter pylori
towards cisplatin, and also 5-FU resistance via the apoptotic pathway. Cellular metabolism
modulation by Lactobacillus iners was also implicated in cervical cancer chemoresistance.

Conclusion:
We conclude that bacteria can mediate chemoresistance not merely to antibiotics
but also to anticancer drugs. Thus, a detailed understanding of the pathways associated
with chemoresistance mediated via bacteria might help in targeting these pathways
or antibiotics to prevent bacterial growth could help overcome resistance.
A Comprehensive Analysis of Traditional and Advanced Approaches of Image Restoration Techniques
Authors: Ramesh Chiluka , Rao D. Venkata 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
Tremendous developments in multimedia technology have promoted a
massive amount of research in image and video processing. As imaging technologies are rapidly
increasing, it is becoming essential to use images in almost every application in our day-today
life.

Materials and Methods:
This paper presents a comparative analysis of various image restoration
approaches, ranging from fundamental methods to advanced techniques. These approaches
aim to improve the quality of images that have been degraded during acquisition or transmission.
A brief overview of the image restoration approaches is mentioned in the paper, which are
as follows:
Wiener Filter: The Wiener filter is a classical approach used for image restoration. It is a linear
filter that minimizes the mean square error between the original image and the restored image.
Inverse Filter: The inverse filter is another traditional restoration technique. It attempts to invert
the degradation process to recover the original image. However, inverse filtering is highly sensitive
to noise and tends to amplify noise artifacts. Linear and Nonlinear Filtering: These methods
involve applying linear or nonlinear filters to the degraded image to enhance its quality.
Linear filters, such as Gaussian filters, can effectively reduce noise but may blur the image.
Nonlinear filters, such as median filters, can preserve edges while reducing noise. Compressive
Sensing (CS) Restoration Approaches: Compressive sensing is a signal processing technique
that exploits the sparsity of signals or images to reconstruct them from fewer measurements.
CS-based restoration methods aim to recover high-quality images from compressed or incomplete
measurements. Neural Networks Approaches: With the advancements in deep learning,
neural networks have been widely used for image restoration tasks. Convolutional neural networks
(CNNs) and generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown promising results in
restoring degraded images by learning from large datasets.

Results:
The paper likely provides a detailed analysis and comparison of these approaches,
highlighting their strengths, weaknesses, and performance in different scenarios

Conclusion:
This paper aims to improve the quality of restored images. Several image restoration
approaches have been compared, and they have exhibited enhanced performance compared
to several existing image restoration approaches.
Spectrophotometric Analysis of Edible Salt for Iodate Quantities
Authors: Ayesha Syeda 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
The Spectrophotometric method was used to identify iodate by
utilizing a class of antidepressants known as imipramine hydrochloride (IPH), desipramine
hydrochloride (DPH), clomipramine hydrochloride (CPH), and trimipramine hydrochloride
(TPM).

Method:
Iodate in nano amounts can be measured using this method in an acidic medium
with 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone hydrazone hydrochloride hydrate (MBTH) acting as
an electrophilic coupling reagent. The MBTH-IPH/DPH/CPH/TPM method had a blue
with a maximum absorbance at 630 nm. Beer, 's law was followed, and the blue color that
was produced remained stable for up to 24 hours at room temperature (27°C).

Result:
The boundaries depending on the situation for the assessment of the strategy like
molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity gave various qualities with various reagents.
The method was tested with interference from common 11 cations and 8 anions, and the
results obtained were within a reasonable range.

Conclusion:
The procedure was used for the determination of iodate in iodized edible
salts because iodate is one of the common ions in iodized salt. It was found that the method
is reliable and can be used effectively for the determination.
Characterization of a Polyphenol Oxidase and Lipase Produced by Microbes Derived from Palm Oil Sludge
Authors: Aka Benedict , Lokesh Dhanashree , Choyam Shilja , Rajagopal Kammara 
Published: October 2024

Introduction:
The waste-to-wealth concept was applied in this study. Our main objective
was to identify and evaluate several microorganisms responsible for the production of important
industrial enzymes using sludge from palm oil processing. We were able to isolate several bacteria
that are tyrosinase producers: Bacillus cereus, Acinobacter seifertii, Klebsiella variicola and
Pseudomonas stutzeri. Laccase producers Trametes polyzona, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus pumilus
and Staphylococcus condimenti, as well as lipase producers.

Methods:
In addition, we focused specifically on B. cereus because we knew that it produces tyrosinase.
Lipase is another target enzyme, and S. condimenti was found to be a hyperproducer. Production
conditions included a 24-hour incubation period at 40°C and a pH of 6.0, while typical
substrates such as starch and coconut oil were used.

Results:
Preliminary protein purification studies identified a 43 kDa lipase that is active at pH 7.0
and 40°C. Salts such as NaCl, various detergents such as Triton X-100 and Tween-80 as well as
many metal ions enhanced the activity and made the enzyme unique in its biological function.

Conclusion:
Even with EDTA (2.5 mM), which does not completely block its function, only 40%
inhibition was observed. Only a few organic solvents such as butanol, acetone and DMF are involved
in inhibiting its activity.