bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resource subsidies between stream and terrestrial ecosystems under global change
Authors: Larsen Stefano , Muehlbauer Jeffrey D. , Marti Eugenia 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStreams and adjacent terrestrial ecosystems are characterized by permeable boundaries that are crossed by resource subsidies. Although the importance of these subsidies for riverine ecosystems is increasingly recognized, little is known about how they may be influenced by global environmental change. Drawing from available evidence, in this review we propose a conceptual framework to evaluate the effects of global change on the quality and spatiotemporal dynamics of stream–terrestrial subsidies. We illustrate how changes to hydrological and temperature regimes, atmospheric CO2 concentration, land use and the distribution of nonindigenous species can influence subsidy fluxes by affecting the biology and ecology of donor and recipient systems and the physical characteristics of stream–riparian boundaries. Climate‐driven changes in the physiology and phenology of organisms with complex life cycles will influence their development time, body size and emergence patterns, with consequences for adjacent terrestrial consumers. Also, novel species interactions can modify subsidy dynamics via complex bottom‐up and top‐down effects. Given the seasonality and pulsed nature of subsidies, alterations of the temporal and spatial synchrony of resource availability to consumers across ecosystems are likely to result in ecological mismatches that can scale up from individual responses, to communities, to ecosystems. Similarly, altered hydrology, temperature, CO2 concentration and land use will modify the recruitment and quality of riparian vegetation, the timing of leaf abscission and the establishment of invasive riparian species. Along with morphological changes to stream–terrestrial boundaries, these will alter the use and fluxes of allochthonous subsidies associated with stream ecosystems. Future research should aim to understand how subsidy dynamics will be affected by key drivers of global change, including agricultural intensification, increasing water use and biotic homogenization. Our conceptual framework based on the match–mismatch between donor and recipient organisms may facilitate understanding of the multiple effects of global change and aid in the development of future research questions.
Comprehensive genetic analysis of a paediatric pleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma reveals near‐haploidization and loss of the RB1 gene
Authors: Hofvander Jakob , Jo Vickie Y , Ghanei Iman , Gisselsson David , Mårtensson Emma , Mertens Fredrik 
Published: December 2015

AimsPleomorphic myxoid liposarcoma (PML) is an exceptionally rare and poorly studied subtype of liposarcoma, occurring typically in children and adolescents. The few previous genetic studies have shown that PML lacks the gene fusions and amplifications that characterize myxoid liposarcoma, atypical lipomatous tumour and de‐differentiated liposarcoma. To learn more about its pathogenesis, we performed a comprehensive genetic analysis, including chromosome banding, fluorescence in‐situ hybridization, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array analysis, deep sequencing of the exome (WES) complemented by targeted sequencing of hot‐spot regions of selected cancer‐associated genes and transcriptome sequencing (RNA‐seq) of a PML in a 10‐year‐old boy.Methods and resultsBanding analysis revealed a hyperdiploid/hypotriploid karyotype that at SNP array analysis could be shown to derive from a near‐haploid ancestral clone. Structural imbalances were few, but included homozygous loss of the RB1 locus; no fusion transcripts were identified at RNA‐seq, no somatic mutations were seen at gene panel analysis and the most interesting mutation detected at WES involved KMT2D.ConclusionThe results support the notion that PML is a distinct type of liposarcoma, associated with a spectrum of somatic mutations that is different from that in other liposarcoma subtypes. The findings in the present case, combined with previous data, suggest that PML develops through combinations of numerical chromosome aberrations, possibly initialized by haploidization. The results also suggest that inactivation of RB1 is pathogenetically important.
The emerging roles of the STING adaptor protein in immunity and diseases
Authors: Liu Xing , Wang Chen 
Published: December 2015

SummaryDNA that gains access to the cytoplasm generally serves as a danger signal for the hosts. An emerging paradigm for responding to cytosolic DNAs centres on the endoplasmic reticulum‐resident protein stimulator of interferon genes (STING, also known as MITA, ERIS or MPYS), the hub adaptor of the recently identified DNA sensors. Dynamic regulations of STING action are critical for shaping innate immune responses against microbial infections, as well as for preventing autoimmune diseases. STING is also indispensable for the detection of immunogenic tumours. A deeper understanding of STING modulations could be instrumental for developing novel immunotherapeutic strategies against infectious, autoimmune and cancerous diseases. In this review, we summarize the latest advances on the role of STING in the DNA‐triggered immune reactions, and underscore the critical issues that remain to be resolved in future studies.
Individual inversions or their combinations: which is the main selective target in a natural population ofDrosophila subobscura?
Authors: Zivanovic G. , Arenas C. , Mestres F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is generally accepted that chromosomal inversions have been key elements in adaptation and speciation processes. In this context,Drosophila subobscurahas been, and still is, an excellent model species due to its rich chromosomal polymorphism. In this species, many analyses from natural populations have demonstrated the adaptive potential of individual inversions (and their overlapped combinations, the so‐called arrangements). However, little information is available on the evolutionary role of combinations generated by inversions located in homologous and nonhomologous chromosomes. The aim of this research was to ascertain whether these combinations are also a target for natural selection. For this objective, we have studied the inversion composition of homologous and nonhomologous chromosomes from aD. subobscurasample collected in a well‐studied population, Mount Avala (Serbia). No significant deviation from H‐W expectations was detected, and when comparing particular karyotypic combinations, likelihood ratios close to 1 were obtained. Thus, it seems that for each pair of homologous chromosomes inversions no deviation from randomness was detected. Finally, no linkage disequilibrium was observed between inversions located in different chromosomes of the karyotype. For all these reasons, it can be assumed that, at the cytological level, the individual inversions rather than their combinations in different chromosomes are the main target of selection.
Using standardized patients to evaluate medical students’ evidence‐based medicine skills
Authors: Amini Richard , Hernandez Nicholas C , Keim Samuel M , Gordon Paul R 
Published: December 2015

AbstractObjectivesTo analyze the effectiveness of an Evidence Based Medicine Objective Structured Clinical Examination (EBM OSCE) with standardized patients for end of third year medical students at our institution.MethodsThis was a single‐center prospective cross‐sectional investigation. As part of the eight‐station OSCE exam, the authors developed and implemented a new 25‐minute EBM OSCE station with the goal of evaluating evidence based medicine skills necessary for daily clinical encounters. The OSCE case involved a highly educated patient with a history of recurrent debilitating migraines who has brought eight specific questions regarding the use of steroids for migraine headaches. Students were provided computer stations equipped to record a log of the searches performed.ResultsOne hundred and four third‐year medical students participated in this study. The average number of search tools used by the students was 4 (SD = 2). The 104 students performed a total of 896 searches. The two most commonly used websites were uptodate.com and google.com. Sixty‐nine percent (95% CI, 60% to 78%) of students were able to find a meta‐analysis regarding the use of dexamethasone for the prevention of rebound migraines. Fifty‐two percent of students were able to explain that patients who took dexamethasone had a moderate RR (0.68 to 0.78) of having a recurrent migraine, and 71% of students were able to explain to the standardized patient that the NNT for dexamethasone was nine.ConclusionThe EBM OSCE was successfully integrated into the existing eight‐station OSCE and was able to assess student EBM skills.
Tribolium confusum responses to blends of cereal kernels and plant volatiles
Authors: Wenda‐Piesik A. , Piesik D. , Nowak A. , Wawrzyniak M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this study, we report on the behavioural responses of the Tribolium confusum to 6 blends of cereal volatiles. There were tested four doses (1 ng/min, 10 ng/min, 100 ng/min and 1000 ng/min in 50 μl of hexane applied on filter paper). A Y‐tube experiment revealed that T. confusum females and males were attracted to the blend 1, 4 and 5 at the concentrations between 1 and 10 ng/min. Confused T. confusum females and males were not attracted to any concentration of blend 2 and 3. Yet the beetle females and males were repelled by the highest concentrations (1000 ng/min) for all the blends tested and also by the concentration 100 ng/min of all the blends tested, except for blend 1 and 4. Females and males were also repelled by the three blend 6 concentrations tested (10, 100 and 1000 ng/min).
Molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer based on miRNA expression profiles have independent prognostic value
Authors: Namkung Junghyun , Kwon Wooil , Choi Yonwhan , Yi Sung Gon , Han Sangjo , Kang Mee Joo , Kim Sun‐Whe , Park Taesung , Jang Jin‐Young 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Altered microRNAs (miRNA) expression, a typical feature of many cancers, is reportedly associated with prognosis according to several studies. Although numerous studies on miRNAs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma have also attempted to identify prognostic biomarkers, more large‐scale clinical studies are needed to establish the clinical significance of the results. Present study aimed to identify prognosis‐related molecular subtypes of primary pancreas tumors using miRNA expression profiling.Methods:Expression profiles of 1733 miRNAs were obtained by using microarray analysis of 104 pancreatic tumors of Korean patients. To detect subgroups informative in predicting the patient's prognosis, we applied unsupervised clustering methods and then analyzed the association of the molecular subgroups with survival time. Then, we constructed a classifier to predict the subgroup using penalized regression models.Results:We have determined three pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor subtypes associated with prognosis based on miRNA expression profiles. These subtypes showed significantly different survival time for patients with the same clinical conditions. This demonstrates that our prognostic molecular subgroup has independent prognostic utility. The molecular subtypes can be predicted with a classifier of 19 miRNAs. Of the 19 signature miRNAs, miR‐106b‐star, miR‐324‐3p, and miR‐615 were related to a p53 canonical pathway, and miR‐324, miR‐145‐5p, miR‐26b‐5p, and miR‐574‐3p were related to a Cox‐2 centered pathway.Conclusions:Our prognostic molecular subtypes demonstrated that miRNA profiles could be used as prognostic markers. Additionally, we have constructed a classifier that may be used to determine the molecular subgroup of new patient sample data. Further studies are needed for validation.
Electroencephalographic studies of eclampsia and pre‐eclampsia
Authors: Maeda Kazuo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimsTo investigate eclampsia and pre‐eclampsia electroencephalograms (EEGs) and related animal experiments, and to publish a Japanese article in English.Materials and MethodsA two channel EEG system constructed with a self‐made vacuum tube amplifier, optical recorder, signal generator, a magic‐eye signal monitor and a shield room were prepared by the author. EEGs were recorded in five admitted eclamptic and 35 pre‐eclamptic cases before, during and after convulsion until clinical recovery. The hypothalami of female rabbits were stimulated with Kurotsu's electrode, and blood pressure and urinary proteins were studied before and after stimulation. The rabbits cortical and hypothalamic EEGs were studied.ResultsFrontal and occipital EEG waves synchronized immediately before and during eclamptic convulsions and during coma. Large δ waves were characteristic during the coma after convulsions. Moderately slow waves were recorded in cases of pre‐eclampsia. In animal experiments, hypertension and proteinuria appeared in cases of hypothalamic sympathetic zone stimulation, while there was no change in parasympathetic stimulation.ConclusionEclamptic convulsion is evoked by synchronization of the whole cortex controlled by a heavily excited hypothalamus. Pregnancy hypertension and proteinuria is caused by the excited sympathetic center of the hypothalamus.
Practical Usefulness of Dual Lumen Catheter‐Facilitated Reverse Wire Technique for Markedly Angulated Bifurcated Lesions
Authors: Nomura Tetsuya , Higuchi Yusuke , Kubota Hiroshi , Miyawaki Daisuke , Urata Ryota , Sugimoto Takeshi , Kato Taku , Keira Natsuya , Tatsumi Tetsuya 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the practical usefulness of dual lumen catheter‐facilitated reverse wire technique.BackgroundWe sometimes encounter difficulty in introducing a guidewire to the highly angulated side branch. In those cases, the reverse wire technique is considered as a last resort to overcome the situation.MethodsBetween January 2013 and June 2015, we performed the reverse wire technique for guidewire crossing into an extremely angulated side branch in consecutive seven cases with true bifurcated lesions. We retrospectively evaluated patients’ backgrounds, lesion characteristics, and details of the percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures.ResultsThree interventional cardiologists with various levels of experience in coronary intervention performed this technique. A polymer‐jacket hydrophilic‐coated guidewire was used for the reverse wire system excluding in one case, and we adopted a sharp curve for the tip shape in all cases. After crossing the reverse wire into a highly angulated side branch, we usually deliver a flexible micro catheter over the guidewire for the purpose of guidewire exchange. We deployed a stent in the side branch in three cases. We successfully performed all PCI procedures without any complications and no major adverse cardiac event was observed during hospitalization.ConclusionsWe could safely and effectively perform the reverse wire technique for guidewire crossing into a markedly angulated side branch. We recommend a polymer‐jacket hydrophilic‐coated guidewire with a sharp curve in the tip shape for this technique. All interventional cardiologists should acquire knowledge and skills regarding this guidewire manipulation technique. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:544–550)
Percutaneous Coronary Interventions and Hemodynamic Support in the USA: A 5 Year Experience
Authors: Patel Nileshkumar J. , Singh Vikas , Patel Samir V. , Savani Chirag , Patel Nilay , Panaich Sidakpal , Arora Shilpkumar , Cohen Mauricio G. , Grines Cindy , Badheka Apurva O. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesTo compare the utilization and outcomes in patients who had percutaneous coronary interventions (PCIs) performed with intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) versus percutaneous ventricular assist devices (PVADs) such as Impella and TandemHeart and identify a sub‐group of patient population who may derive the most benefit from the use of PVADs over IABP.BackgroundDespite the lack of clear benefit, the use of PVADs has increased substantially in the last decade when compared to IABP.MethodsWe performed a cross sectional study including using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Procedures performed with hemodynamic support were identified through appropriate ICD‐9‐CM codes.ResultsWe identified 18,094 PCIs performed with hemodynamic support. IABP was the most commonly utilized hemodynamic support device (93%, n = 16, 803) whereas 6% (n = 1069) were performed with PVADs and 1% (n = 222) utilized both IABP and PVAD. Patients in the PVAD group were older in age and had greater burden of co‐morbidities whereas IABP group had higher percentage of patients with cardiac arrest. On multivariable analysis, the use of PVAD was a significant predictor of reduced mortality (OR 0.55, 0.36–0.83, P = 0.004). This was particularly evident in sub‐group of patients without acute MI or cardiogenic shock. The propensity score matched analysis also showed a significantly lower mortality (9.9% vs 15.1%; OR 0.62, 0.55–0.71, P < 0.001) rate associated with PVADs when compared to IABP.ConclusionThis largest and the most contemporary study on the use of hemodynamic support demonstrates significantly reduced mortality with PVADs when compared to IABP in patients undergoing PCI. The results are largely driven by the improved outcomes in non‐AMI and non‐cardiogenic shock patients. (J Interven Cardiol 2015;28:563–573)
Real Time Intraprocedural Ultrasound Measurements of the Radial and Ulnar Arteries in 565 Consecutive Patients Undergoing Cardiac Catheterization and/or Percutaneous Coronary Intervention via the Wrist: Understanding Anatomy and Anomalies May Improve Access Success
Authors: Baumann Frederic , Roberts Jonathan S. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesUltrasound evaluation of both the radial artery (RA) and ulnar artery (UA) in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization/percutaneous coronary intervention.BackgroundArterial access from the wrist is almost exclusively obtained from the RA. Crossover to secondary femoral arterial access was observed in up to 7.6% in randomized multicenter trials utilizing palpation guided RA access.MethodsIntraprocedural ultrasound evaluation of the RA and UA was performed in a consecutive series of patients. A difference of ≥20% in diameter was defined as significant. In the case of a dual artery, measurements of the dual arteries and the proximal confluens were obtained.ResultsA total of 566 RA/UA measurements were analysed (patients: n = 565, female: n = 201 [35.5%], mean age: 66.5 years). Overall, the RA measured 3.03 ± 0.57 mm and the UA 2.70 ± 0.57 mm (P < 0.01). The RA was larger in 210 (37.1%) and the UA in 37 (6.5%) measurements. A dual RA was present in 25 (4.4%) measurements. The mean diameters of the smaller and larger of the dual RAs were 1.82 ± 0.37 and 2.59 ± 0.36 mm (P < 0.01). The corresponding proximal confluens measured 3.10 ± 0.40 mm. No dual UA was observed.ConclusionIn 10.9 % of patients, a larger UA or a dual RA with a more accessible confluens was observed. This information can only be obtained using ultrasound and may improve arterial access from the wrist if the larger UA or RA confluens is accessed instead of blind palpation guided RA access.
Phylogeny and molecular evolution of the DMC1 gene in the polyploid genus Leymus (Triticeae: Poaceae) and its diploid relatives
Authors: Sha Li‐Na , Fan Xing , Zhang Hai‐Qin , Kang Hou‐Yang , Wang Yi , Wang Xiao‐Li , Yu Xiao‐Fang , Zhou Yong‐Hong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe level and pattern of nucleotide variation in duplicate genes provide important information on the evolutionary history of polyploids and divergent processes between homoeologous loci within lineages. Leymus, a group of allopolyploid species with the NsXm genomes, is a perennial genus with a diverse array of morphology, ecology, and distribution in Triticeae. To estimate the phylogeny and molecular evolution of a single‐copy DMC1 gene in Leymus and its diploid relatives, DMC1 homoeologous sequences were isolated from the sampled Leymus species and were analyzed with those from 30 diploid taxa representing 18 basic genomes in Triticeae. Sequence diversity patterns and genealogical analysis suggested that: (i) different Leymus species might derive their Ns genome from different Psathyrostachys species; (ii) Pseudoroegneria has contributed to the nuclear genome of some Leymus species, which might result from recurrent hybridization or incomplete lineage sorting; (iii) the Xm genome origin of Leymus could differ among species; (iv) rapid radiation and multiple origin might account for the rich diversity, numbers of species, and wide ecological adaptation of Leymus species; and (v) the DMC1 sequence diversity of the Ns genome in Leymus species was lower than that in the Psathyrostachys diploids, while the level of DMC1 sequence diversity in Leymus was higher than that in diploid Pseudoroegneria. Our results provide new insight on the evolutionary dynamics of duplicate DMC1 genes, polyploid speciation, and the phylogeny of Leymus species.
Adolescent Obesity Risk Knowledge (AORK): Let the Discussion Begin
Authors: Rutkowski Elaine M. , Connelly Cynthia D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPurposeThis study aims to examine adolescent level of knowledge concerning obesity risk.Design and MethodsQualitative and quantitative data were collected using a staged process. Data collected with (a) Obesity Risk Knowledge Scale (ORK‐10), (b) focus groups, (c) scientific advisory group input, and (d) the Adolescent Obesity Risk Knowledge Scale (AORK).ResultsTheAORKis tailored from theORK‐10 (α = .53) to capture adolescents' knowledge of obesity complications and/or risks (α = .68).Practice ImplicationsTheAORKintegrates questions for assisting practitioners to initiate discussions about obesity and lifestyle choices with adolescents and their families.
Effect of Sucralfate on the Relative Bioavailability of Enrofloxacin and Ciprofloxacin in Healthy Fed Dogs
Authors: KuKanich K. , KuKanich B. , Guess S. , Heinrich E. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundSucralfate impairs absorption of ciprofloxacin and other fluoroquinolones in humans, but no sucralfate–fluoroquinolone interaction has been reported in dogs. Veterinary formularies recommend avoiding concurrent administration of these medications, which might impact compliance, therapeutic success, and resistance selection from fluoroquinolones.ObjectivesTo determine whether a drug interaction exists when sucralfate is administered to fed dogs concurrently with ciprofloxacin or enrofloxacin, and whether a 2 hour delay between fluoroquinolone and sucralfate affects fluoroquinolone absorption.AnimalsFive healthy Greyhounds housed in a research colony.MethodsThis was a randomized crossover study. Treatments included oral ciprofloxacin (C) or oral enrofloxacin (E) alone, each fluoroquinolone concurrently with an oral suspension of sucralfate (CS, ES), and sucralfate suspension 2 hours after each fluoroquinolone (C2S, E2S). Fluoroquinolone concentrations were evaluated using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry.ResultsDrug exposure of ciprofloxacin was highly variable (AUC 5.52–22.47 h μg/mL) compared to enrofloxacin (AUC 3.86–7.50 h μg/mL). The mean relative bioavailability for ciprofloxacin and concurrent sucralfate was 48% (range 8–143%) compared to ciprofloxacin alone. Relative bioavailability of ciprofloxacin improved to 87% (range 37–333%) when sucralfate was delayed by 2 hours. By contrast, relative bioavailability for enrofloxacin and concurrent sucralfate was 104% (94–115%).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA possible clinically relevant drug interaction for the relative bioavailability of ciprofloxacin with sucralfate was found. No significant difference in bioavailability was documented for enrofloxacin with sucralfate. Further research is warranted in fasted dogs and clinical cases requiring enrofloxacin or other approved fluoroquinolones in combination with sucralfate.