bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms linking energy balance and reproduction: impact of prenatal environment
Authors: Rhinehart Erin M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The burgeoning field of metabolic reproduction regulation has been gaining momentum due to highly frequent discoveries of new neuroendocrine factors regulating both energy balance and reproduction. Universally throughout the animal kingdom, energy deficits inhibit the reproductive axis, which demonstrates that reproduction is acutely sensitive to fuel availability. Entrainment of reproductive efforts with energy availability is especially critical for females because they expend large amounts of energy on gestation and lactation. Research has identified an assortment of both central and peripheral factors involved in the metabolic regulation of reproduction. From an evolutionary perspective, these mechanisms likely evolved to optimize reproductive fitness in an environment with an unpredictable food supply and regular bouts of famine. To be effective, however, the mechanisms responsible for the metabolic regulation of reproduction must also retain developmental plasticity to allow organisms to adapt their reproductive strategies to their particular niche. In particular, the prenatal environment has emerged as a critical developmental window for programming the mechanisms responsible for the metabolic control of reproduction. This review will discuss the current knowledge about hormonal and molecular mechanisms that entrain reproduction with prevailing energy availability. In addition, it will provide an evolutionary, human life-history framework to assist in the interpretation of findings on gestational programming of the female reproductive function, with a focus on pubertal timing as an example. Future research should aim to shed light on mechanisms underlying the prenatal modulation of the adaptation to an environment with unstable resources in a way that optimizes reproductive fitness.
Regulation of bovine oviductal NO synthesis by follicular steroids and prostaglandins
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshihiko , Yamamoto Yuki , Kageyama Soichi , Hirayama Hiroki , Kimura Koji , Okuda Kiyoshi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is a regulator of sperm motility, oocyte/embryo survival, and waves of contraction/relaxation in mammalian oviducts. As follicles control oviductal functions by two routes at least, (1) a systemic way via blood vessels before ovulation, (2) a direct way by entering of follicular fluid through fimbria at ovulation, we hypothesized that NO synthesis in the bovine oviduct is regulated by follicular steroids and prostaglandins (PGs). Quantification of mRNA expressions in the ampullary tissues showed that inducible NO synthase (NOS2) mRNA expression was highest on the day of ovulation (day 0). By contrast, NOS2 mRNA expression in the isthmus was highest on days 5–6 and lowest on days 19–21. Endothelial NOS (NOS3) mRNA expressions in either the ampulla or the isthmus did not change during the estrous cycle. PGE2 and PGF2α increased NOS2 mRNA expressions in cultured ampullary oviductal epithelial cells after 1-h incubation. These increases were suppressed by an antagonist of E-prostanoid receptor type 2, one of the PGE2 receptor. Estradiol-17β decreased the expression of NOS2 mRNA expression in cultured isthmic epithelial cells 24h after treatment. This effect was suppressed by an antagonist of estrogen receptorα(ESR1). Expression of ESR1 was highest on days 19–21 in the isthmic tissues. The overall findings indicate region-specific difference of NO synthesis in the oviduct. PGs flowed from ruptured follicle may up-regulate NO synthesis in the oviductal epithelium, whereas circulating E2 seems to inhibit NO synthesis via ESR1 in the isthmus at the follicular stage.
Non-operative Management of Necrotic Pancreatic Collection and Bleeding Pseudoaneurysm Communicating with Bowel Lumen at Multiple Sites: a Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Razik Roshan , May Gary R. , Saibil Fred 
Published: March 2016

Pancreatic pseudocysts and foci of walled-off necrosis (WON) are well-known complications of acute pancreatitis. We present a case of severe gallstone pancreatitis complicated by WON, fistulization to the bowel and gastrointestinal bleeding. Bleeding was localized to a pseudoaneurysm of the gastroduodenal artery within the WON using imaging and endoscopy. Angiography and image-guided therapy were then used to control bleeding with coil-embolization. To our knowledge, this is the first report of non-operative management of a patient with severe pancreatitis complicated by WON and a bleeding pseudoaneurysm with multiple communications to the hollow viscera. Therapeutic options are discussed and a thorough literature review is included.
Abbreviations: EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy; ERCP: endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography; GDA: gastroduodenal artery; GI: gastrointestinal; IEP: interstitial edematous pancreatitis; IPDA: inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery; WON: walled-off necrosis.
Variação das vogais pretônicas em cartas de um casal não-ilustre de 1930
Authors: Rocha Fabiane De Mello Vianna da 
Published: March 2016

<p><span>Este artigo analisa o comportamento das vogais médias pretônicas em missivas de um casal não ilustre do início do século XX. Trata-se de um estudo diacrônico, que parte dos preceitos da Sociolinguística Histórica e investiga a relação entre a variação existente na representação grafemática dessas vogais, na década de 1930, e o grau de contato dos autores com modelos de escrita. Mais especificamente, em um primeiro momento, as ocorrências são selecionadas a partir dos modelos de escrita atuais. A fim de verificar se os dados de fato refletem desvios grafemáticos ou se correspondem ao padrão que vigorava, utilizam-se, ainda, registros escritos de dois jornais de grande circulação na mesma época. Assim, constata-se ora a correspondência entre os periódicos e as missivas, ora o seu distanciamento, já que alguns casos refletem, ainda que em diferentes níveis, marcas de fala e/ou a insegurança sobre os padrões ortográficos então vigentes.</span></p>
Danos existenciais: precificando lágrimas?
Authors: Facchini Neto Eugenio , Wesendonck Tula 
Published: March 2016

A evolução da Responsabilidade Civil trouxe a criação de novas espécies de danos, ganhando relevância aquelas que integram o gênero danos imateriais. Nesse contexto, merecem destaque os danos existencias, uma nova modalidade de dano extrapatrimonial que tem sido objeto de grande debate na doutrina estrangeira, sobretudo no Direito italiano e francês. Este artigo trata dos danos existenciais através de uma abordagem evolutiva dos danos imateriais, especialmente no Direito Italiano e Francês, para depois ponderar a sua aplicabilidade no âmbito do Direito de Família. Ainda é grande a resistência na doutrina e na jurisprudência brasileiras para reconhecer a viabilidade da indenização pelos danos extrapatrimoniais nas relações familiares. Isso porque é próprio destas relações resultarem, ocasionalmente, mágoas, decepções e frustrações aos seus integrantes. Os danos existenciais podem ser considerados como um critério a justificar a indenização pelos danos extrapatrimoniais derivados das relações familiares, com observância de critérios definidos. Com isso diminuem-se as chances de uma indesejável "banalização do dano moral" e do ajuizamento de ações frívolas.
A vítima de crimes e seus direitos fundamentais: seu reconhecimento como sujeito de direito e sujeito do processo
Authors: Barros Flaviane De Magalhães 
Published: March 2016

O presente artigo discute sobre os direitos fundamentais das vítimas no processo penal e o reconhecimento como sujeito do processo, tendo como marco a teoria procedimentalista, revisitada pelas críticas de Marramao e de Eligio Resta. Assim, o presente artigo inicia demonstrando a relação entre a ordem jurídica democrática e os direitos fundamentais e a necessidade de se reconhecer direitos fundamentais vítimas. No segundo item discute-se justamente o ocultamento pelo qual a vitima de crimes se encontrava e a necessidade de seu reconhecimento. Por fim, analisa os atuais limites e possibilidades da atuação da vítima no processo penal.
A justiça social, instrumento de realização dos direitos fundamentais, é uma questão de (Re) distribuição ou reconhecimento?
Authors: Tramontina Robison , Hahn Paulo 
Published: March 2016

A presente investigação tem como objeto de análise a questão da natureza da justiça social. Tem como problema a seguinte pergunta: a justiça social é uma questão de distribuição ou de reconhecimento? Nela, advoga-se com Nancy Fraser, a tese da possibilidade da compatibilização entre distribuição e reconhecimento. O desdobramento argumentativo adotado é o seguinte: a) exposição do paradigma e das principais teses defendidas por Honneth; b) apresentação do modelo e dos traços definidores sustentados por Fraser e c) análise alcance e limites desta proposta. Trata–se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que usa o método analítico-interpretativo e que se justifica por indicar, provavelmente, como direito e as políticas podem ou devem ser pensadas para a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais.
A relação entre deficiência física e acessibilidade numa perspectiva hermenêutica: a construção da igualdade a partir de uma ética da inclusão; estudo de um caso “fácil”
Authors: Pereira Mateus , Bastos Ronaldo , Alves Pedro Spíndola Bezerra 
Published: March 2016

Este artigo busca realizar uma análise de um caso no qual o problema da acessibilidade dos deficientes físicos foi aplicado indevidamente, porque não foi considerada a razão que fundamentou a criação do comando normativo – o princípio da igualdade. Para defender nosso posicionamento, irão ser lançadas três teses. Primeira: o princípio da igualdade apresenta como fundamento remoto a dignidade da pessoa humana. Segunda: é preciso ter cautela hermenêutica ao interpretar o princípio da igualdade. Terceira: é preciso ampliar os caminhos, e não restringi-los.
Valoração da prova na tutela da função social da propriedade imobiliária urbana no Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Francisco Cardozo , Bubniak Marco Antonio 
Published: March 2016

O artigo enfrenta o problema de uma práxis de valoração da prova na tutela da função social da propriedade urbana no Brasil implicada na relação entre o exercício dos poderes proprietários e a totalidade da vida social. Trata-se da valoração em três níveis: a valoração das finalidades de função; a valoração da prova; e a identificação do trabalho como o valor de irradiação de finalidades de função social na atividade de valoração da prova na tutela do direito de propriedade urbana funcionalizada. O objetivo é construir referencial teórico necessário ao enfrentamento dos conflitos envolvendo a apropriação do solo urbano.
Ação de interdito proibitório e a aplicação do princípio da proporcionalidade no juízo das condições da ação: colisão entre os direitos fundamentais de greve e de livre iniciativa
Authors: Carneiro Filho Roberto 
Published: March 2016

Se por longos anos a grande questão jurídica envolvendo a ação de interditoproibitório nos conflitos de greve referia-se à existência ou não de competênciamaterial trabalhista para processar e julgar as ações possessórias oriundas do movimento paredista, por certo, superada essa questão técnica quando da edição da Súmula Vinculante n. 23 pelo STF, nos dias atuais o grande dilema a ser enfrentado pelos estudiosos e aplicadores do direito coletivo laboral versa sobre a problemática envolvendo o exercício abusivo dos direitos de acesso à justiça e de ação, quando do ajuizamento de ações de interdito proibitório com a finalidade única e exclusiva de esvaziar o movimento grevista. Diante da referida problemática, o presente artigo jurídico propõe um debate aberto sobre os critérios de aplicação do princípio da proporcionalidade na análise das condições da ação de interdito proibitório, tendo-se em vista ser possível a ponderação do interesse processual diante da colisão entre dois direitos fundamentais consagrados no texto constitucional, quais sejam: o direito de fundamental de greve e o direito fundamental de livre iniciativa.
Usługi ekosystemów w aspekcie zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów miejskich
Authors: Lorek Agnieszka Anna 
Published: March 2016

Związki między funkcjonowaniem ekosystemów a korzyściami czerpanymi przez społeczeństwo rozpatrywano już od lat 70. XX w. Prowadzone badania i analizy w tym zakresie, a także opracowanie i udoskonalenie metod szacowania wartości ekonomicznej usług ekosystemów, są powodem zmian postaw wśród decydentów i polityków. W ostatnich latach można zauważyć wzrost świadomości ekologicznej szczególnie w krajach wysokorozwiniętych, który sprawił, iż coraz częściej, zarówno w pracach naukowych jak i dokumentach dotyczących rozwoju obszarów zurbanizowanych dużo uwagi poświęca się usługom ekosystemów. Zauważono, że kondycja miast zależy od zdrowego środowiska przyrodniczego, które wytwarza szereg korzyści, a zdrowe ekosystemy stanowią podstawę zrównoważonego rozwoju miast, ponieważ pozytywnie oddziałują na dobrobyt człowieka i działalność gospodarczą. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na temat teoretycznych aspektów związanych z pojęciem usługi ekosystemów oraz ich znaczenia dla zrównoważonego rozwoju obszarów miejskich. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na działania podejmowane przez gminy w tym zakresie m.in. problem planowania przestrzennego miast w tym zachowanie: odpowiedniej ilości i jakości terenów zielonych oraz funkcjonowania ekosystemów wodnych i naturalnej retencji wody.
DOMY MIĘDZYPOKOLENIOWE ODPOWIEDZIĄ NA STARZENIE SIĘ SPOŁECZEŃSTWA W XXI WIEKU
Authors: Labus Agnieszka Marzena 
Published: March 2016

Niniejszy artykuł dotyczy problematyki domów międzypokoleniowych, jako formy zamieszkania na miarę XXI wieku, odpowiadającej na współczesne wyzwania związane ze starzeniem się społeczeństwa oraz zróżnicowanymi sposobami i wzorami życia rodzinnego. Autorka opisuje ewolucję domu wielopokoleniowego w perspektywie kiedyś i dziś, a także poszukuje rozwiązań przestrzennych odpowiadającyh na nowe trendy i tendencje oraz potrzeby zróżnicowanego społeczeństwa. W artykule opisano problematykę domu międzypokoleniowego w odniesieniu do działań polityki miejskiej tj. niemiecka inicjatywa opracowania rządowego programu „Mehrgenerationenhaus“, ale także struktury urbanistycznej i architektonicznej na przykładzie domu międzypokoleniowego „Generationenhaus Heslach“ w Stuttgarcie. Efektem badań są wnioski o charakterze społecznym, ekonomicznym i przestrzennym, a także odniesienie wyników do sytuacji w Polsce.
A Note On The Adoption Of The Euro Compared To The Adoption Of Federal Money In The United States
Authors: Nogler George E. , Armstrong John A. 
Published: March 2016

This paper compares and contrasts the experience of the European Community in creating a single monetary unit (the Euro) from the currencies of a dozen participating member states to the experience of the United States in creating a single monetary unit (the dollar) across the former colonies after the American Revolution. The European Community was able to merge the member state currencies in a period of 23 years, while the United States experience lasted over 75 years. By extensively reviewing the experience of the United States through contemporaneous textbooks, two factors are identified which may account for this difference. First, the existence of a central bank, and second, the universal adoption of decimal currencies, which began with the United States experience.
The Subprime Mortgage Lending Collapse: Should We Have Seen It Coming?
Authors: Hojnacki Jared E. , Shick Richard A. 
Published: March 2016

The subprime mortgage lending crisis and the decline in housing values has profoundly affected the worlds’ financial markets. Financial institutions have ceased to exist, others have come under the U.S. government’s control, the future survival of others has been threatened and the U.S. government is proposing the greatest financial rescue operation since the Great Depression. Profound changes in the financial markets have occurred and the markets will never be quite the same again. This paper presents the argument that this collapse should have been foreseen by tracing and comparing the development and decline in the subprime auto lending market in the 1990’s to the development and decline of the subprime mortgage lending market. While the effects of the subprime mortgage crisis are greater and farther reaching than those of the subprime auto lending market, there is no question that the similarities are plain to be seen and that the current crisis should come as no surprise.
An Evaluation Of A Public Energy Loan Program: The Characteristics Influencing Inquiry And Participation By Firms
Authors: DiFurio Ferdinand G. , Vinuya Ferdinand 
Published: March 2016

Public programs designed to subsidize the use of energy conserving technologies are becoming widely used policy initiatives targeting both the public and private sector. Proponents of such initiatives point to its win-win nature of promoting energy conservation: it not only benefits the economy as a whole, but also allows private benefits to accrue to program participants. This paper attempts to identify the firm-level and regional characteristics that influence the likelihood of participation for firms in a public energy loan program. The results show that the loan amount requested by firms is inversely related to participation. Participation falls with proprietorships, partnerships, and corporations when compared with charitable associations, non-profits and government entities. Those companies benefiting the most from small changes in energy efficiency exhibit a significant increase in participation rates. Firms located in metropolitan areas are associated with increased participation when compared with their non-metropolitan counterparts. There is also evidence that program inquiries move with interest rates, suggesting that during periods of rising rates, companies may seek out the program's reduced interest rate to subsidize investment projects. Policymakers may use these findings to better understand how energy-related issues apply to the profit-maximizing decision of the firm.
Effects Of Patent Pools On Innovation Investment Ex Ante Perspectives
Authors: Kwon Young-Kwan , Kim Yeonbae , Kim Tai-Yoo , Song Yongil 
Published: March 2016

Recently Patent Pooling has a fast growing interest as a good alternative means to decrease transaction costs between IPRs owners and promote technology commercialization and diffusion. In this paper we attempt to shed light on the effects of patent pooling on the ex-ante innovation investment or incentive using the game theoretical economic model. We generalize the model by including many vertical integrated firms, research laboratories, and specialized manufacturing firms. Main results of this paper are: 1) Patent Pools can affect on the innovation incentives of vertically integrated firms(I-firms) and of research laboratories(R-firms) differently, and the effect depends on the number of I-firms owning essential patents and the number of specially manufacturing firms(M-firms). But in the presence of many I-firms owning essential patents, the instruction of patent pooling increases I-firms’ ex-ante innovation incentive or investments with independence of M-firms. 2) There is strategic complementary relationship between innovation investments of I-firms and those of R-firms, so I-firms’ increased ex-ante innovation investments make R-firms’ ex-ante innovation investments increasing. 3) In the case of R-firms maximizing private profit, the best aspect is to license independently their patent technology when I-firms make up patent pools. But this aspect is not desirable for I-firms because I-firms’ gross profit is smaller than that of I-firms which license their patent technologies independently. However, we show that in the cases of many I-firms owning essential patent technologies, patent pools including only I-firms(IP) or all upstream firms(CP) can affect asymmetrically on the I-firms’ or R-firms’ innovation investments. Nonetheless, any types of patent pools make the innovation investments of I-firms and R-firms higher than those of all firms which license independently. In summary, nowadays under general aspects that production of final goods requires many complex technologies and that many I-firms and R-firms attend R&D for essential technologies, competition authorities’ deregulation for patent pooling or government policy supporting the patent pooling can promote upstream firms’ innovation incentives or investments and compulsory licensing about R-firms is not necessary for enhancing upstream firms’ innovation investments or incentives..
MIS Faculty Perceptions Regarding The Reengineered Organizational & End-User Information Systems Curriculum In Information Technology Education
Authors: Hunt C. Steven , Kelley George , Green David , Smith Lola B. 
Published: March 2016

The Office Systems Research Association’s recent revision of the Organizational End-User Information Systems (OEIS) curriculum model provides an opportune setting for determining the value of the model regarding undergraduate education in end-user information systems. This study follows an established method for examining IS curriculum perceptions by MIS faculty in hopes of providing a realistic snapshot of the model’s strengths and weaknesses to aid the actual decision and implementation process of end-user information systems undergraduate curricula. Key findings regarding the perceived importance of the curriculum objectives are reported as well as conclusions, implications and suggestions for future research in end-user information systems. Feedback from MIS faculty regarding possible methods for integrating enterprise systems concepts (ERP) are also reported. MIS academicians have shown that the model curriculum and the associated content objectives do indeed have value and is of considerable importance. In addition to its importance, the faculty validated and solidified that the curriculum does have merit in preparing OEIS undergraduate students for participation, as end user support personnel, in a digital, knowledge-based economy of unbridled change.
Improved Customer Service Using RFID Technology
Authors: Jaska Patrick , Johnson Don Bosco Adarsh , Nalla Jithender , Reddy Nandikonda Vinod Kumar , Tadisina Raghavender 
Published: March 2016

Customer service is an important aspect of the service supply chain. Radio frequency identification (RFID) can be used to improve customer service in the service supply chain. This paper examines the use of RFID in the service supply chain by examining case studies and illustrating RFID usage with respect to both internal and external customer service.