bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Participant‐Reported Benefits of Involvement in an Adaptive Sports Program: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Lape Emma C. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Losina Elena , Kerman Hannah M. , Gedman Marissa A. , Blauwet Cheri A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough participation in adaptive sports offers numerous benefits for persons with disabilities, a substantial number of eligible persons do not take part. Previous studies have identified personal and environmental factors that promote or inhibit adaptive sports participation. However, these studies have considered a relatively narrow range of factors.ObjectiveTo use qualitative research techniques to identify novel factors that influence participation in a community‐based adaptive sports program.DesignQualitative focus group study.SettingCommunity‐based adaptive sports programs affiliated with a rehabilitation hospital network.ParticipantsParticipants were recruited from among 134 adults who registered for the sports program in 2013‐2014. Participants with mobility or sensory impairment, absence of cognitive impairment, and English proficiency were included. The 90 former participants with adequate contact information were contacted, and 17 participated in the focus groups.MethodsTwo moderators led each of 3 audio‐recorded focus groups using a moderator's guide. We conducted a thematic analysis of transcript data to identify perceived benefits, barriers, and facilitators of participation.ResultsOur analysis identified 5 themes: physical well‐being and health/safety; interpersonal and social relationships; intrapersonal and beliefs/attitudes; physical environment; and access. Participants experienced participation both as physically beneficial and as transformative in terms of how they view themselves. However, programs drew on limited personal resources and sometimes presented a perceived risk of injury. Finding information about and transportation to programs was a challenge. Participants formed an informal community that modeled what athletes with disabilities are capable of, helping to overcome initial doubts.ConclusionsTo gain the benefits of participation, athletes overcame significant barriers, several of which may be modifiable, including transportation and difficult‐to‐find information about program offerings. The importance of community and raising awareness of athletes' own abilities suggests a key role for mentorship. Our study contributes to the understanding of experiential aspects that motivate participation in adaptive sports.Level of EvidenceIV
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty in Weight‐Bearing Shoulders of Wheelchair‐Dependent Patients: Outcomes and Complications at 2 to 5 years
Authors: Alentorn‐Geli Eduard , Wanderman Nathan R. , Assenmacher Andrew T. , Sánchez‐Sotelo Joaquín , Cofield Robert H. , Sperling John W. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundWheelchair‐dependent patients rely on their upper extremities for mobility and transfers. This entails the heavy use of upper extremities as weight‐bearing joints, leading to shoulder overuse with increased prevalence of rotator cuff–related disorders and ultimately to challenging cases for shoulder surgeons when a joint replacement is needed.ObjectiveTo report the outcomes of reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) in wheelchair‐dependent patients with arthritis and rotator cuff tears.DesignRetrospective case series/cross‐sectional study.SettingTertiary university hospital.Patient (participants)All wheelchair‐dependent patients undergoing RSA between 2004 and 2013.Methods/InterventionsOf the 22 wheelchair‐dependent patients undergoing RSA, 18 of them had a minimum follow‐up of 2 years. There were 9 men and 9 women, with a mean (standard deviation) age and length of follow‐up of 68 (8.5) years and 36 (24‐63) months. A retrospective chart review and cross‐sectional phone calls were conducted to obtain all data.OutcomesPain, range of motion, functional scores (Neer scale, simple shoulder test, and American Shoulder and Elbow Society), satisfaction, complications/reoperations, radiographic loosening, and 90‐day mortality/morbidity.ResultsRSA resulted in a significant improvement in pain (P = .02) and nonsignificant improvements in forward flexion (P = .3) and external rotation (P = .07). There were 3 (16%) excellent, 12 (63%) satisfactory, and 4 (21%) unsatisfactory results. The mean (standard deviation) postoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Society score was 56.5 (16.5). All patients stated that they would undergo RSA again. There were no surgically related complications or reoperations. The 90‐day mortality and morbidity rates were 0% and 26%, respectively.ConclusionsRSA is a safe and effective procedure in wheelchair‐dependent patients who use their shoulders for weight‐bearing purposes. Although functional scores are not optimal and medical complications are not uncommon, 79% of patients had an excellent or satisfactory result.Level of EvidenceIII
Antimicrobial Stewardship Practices Reported by California Hospitals Following New Legislative Requirements: Analysis of National Healthcare Safety Network Annual Survey Data, 2014-2015
Authors: Rizzo Kyle , Kealey Melissa , Epson Erin 
Published: October 2017

We analyzed California hospitals’ National Healthcare Safety Network Annual Surveys to describe antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) implementation progress following new state ASP legislation. The proportion of hospitals with all 7 Core Elements of Hospital ASP rose from 59.3% in 2014 to 69.2% in 2015 (P<.001).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1503–1505
MAXIMUM GENUS EMBEDDINGS OF LATIN SQUARES
Authors: GRIGGS TERRY S. , PSOMAS CONSTANTINOS , ŠIRÁŇ JOZEF 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is proved that every non-trivial Latin square has an upper embedding in a non-orientable surface and every Latin square of odd order has an upper embedding in an orientable surface. In the latter case, detailed results about the possible automorphisms and their actions are also obtained.
Can existing mobile apps support healthier food purchasing behaviour? Content analysis of nutrition content, behaviour change theory and user quality integration
Authors: Flaherty Sarah-Jane , McCarthy Mary , Collins Alan , McAuliffe Fionnuala 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the quality of nutrition content and the integration of user quality components and behaviour change theory relevant to food purchasing behaviour in a sample of existing mobile apps.DesignDescriptive comparative analysis of eleven mobile apps comprising an assessment of their alignment with existing evidence on nutrition, behaviour change and user quality, and their potential ability to support healthier food purchasing behaviour.SettingMobile apps freely available for public use in GoogePlay were assessed and scored according to agreed criteria to assess nutrition content quality and integration of behaviour change theory and user quality components.SubjectsA sample of eleven mobile apps that met predefined inclusion criteria to ensure relevance and good quality.ResultsThe quality of the nutrition content varied. Improvements to the accuracy and appropriateness of nutrition content are needed to ensure mobile apps support a healthy behaviour change process and are accessible to a wider population. There appears to be a narrow focus towards behaviour change with an overemphasis on behavioural outcomes and a small number of behaviour change techniques, which may limit effectiveness. A significant effort from the user was required to use the mobile apps appropriately which may negatively influence user acceptability and subsequent utilisation.ConclusionsExisting mobile apps may offer a potentially effective approach to supporting healthier food purchasing behaviour but improvements in mobile app design are required to maximise their potential effectiveness. Engagement of mobile app users and nutrition professionals is recommended to support effective design.
Erratum: An intrinsic mechanism controls reactivation of neural stem cells by spindle matrix proteins
Authors: Li Song , Koe Chwee Tat , Tay Su Ting , Tan Angie Lay Keng , Zhang Shenli , Zhang Yingjie , Tan Patrick , Sung Wing-Kin , Wang Hongyan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this article.
Monitoring and manipulating cellular crosstalk during kidney fibrosis inside a 3D in vitro co-culture
Authors: Nugraha Bramasta , Mohr Manuel A. , Ponti Aaron , Emmert Maximilian Y. , Weibel Franziska , Hoerstrup Simon P. , Moll Solange , Certa Ulrich , Prunotto Marco , Pantazis Periklis 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn pharmacological research the development of promising lead compounds requires a detailed understanding of the dynamics of disease progression. However, for many diseases, such as kidney fibrosis, gaining such understanding requires complex real-time, multi-dimensional analysis of diseased and healthy tissue. To allow for such studies with increased throughput we established a dextran hydrogel-based in vitro 3D co-culture as a disease model for kidney fibrosis aimed at the discovery of compounds modulating the epithelial/mesenchymal crosstalk. This platform mimics a simplified pathological renal microenvironment at the interface between tubular epithelial cells and surrounding quiescent fibroblasts. We combined this 3D technology with epithelial reporter cell lines expressing fluorescent biomarkers in order to visualize pathophysiological cell state changes resulting from toxin-mediated chemical injury. Epithelial cell damage onset was robustly detected by image-based monitoring, and injured epithelial spheroids induced myofibroblast differentiation of co-cultured quiescent human fibroblasts. The presented 3D co-culture system therefore provides a unique model system for screening of novel therapeutic molecules capable to interfere and modulate the dialogue between epithelial and mesenchymal cells.
Acute Psychological Stress Disrupts Attentional Bias to Threat-Related Stimuli
Authors: Jiang Caihong , Buchanan Tony W. , Yao Zhuxi , Zhang Kan , Wu Jianhui , Zhang Liang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe present study investigated the effect of acute stress on attentional bias to threat using behavioral and ERP methods. Sixty-two male participants were randomly assigned to a stress condition (Trier Social Stress Test) or a control condition. To examine the impact of stress-induced cortisol on attentional bias to threat, participants in the stress group were split into Low- and High cortisol responders. All participants were then administered a modified dot probe task in which the cues were neutral and angry faces. Behavioral results showed a pattern of attentional bias toward threat in the Control group but not in the stress group. For the ERPs, the P100 peaked earlier for the angry-cued targets than the neutral-cued targets in the Control group, which suggests a rapid, adaptive response toward threat. However, this effect was not observed in the stress group, suggesting a suppressed attentional bias under stress. In addition, the stress group (including both Low and High cortisol responders) showed reduced P300 amplitude to target onset than the Control group. These results suggest that acute stress disrupts attentional bias to threat including a reduction in early bias to threat in addition to a subsequent change of attention allocation.
Influence of facial feedback during a cooperative human-robot task in schizophrenia
Authors: Cohen Laura , Khoramshahi Mahdi , Salesse Robin N. , Bortolon Catherine , Słowiński Piotr , Zhai Chao , Tsaneva-Atanasova Krasimira , Di Bernardo Mario , Capdevielle Delphine , Marin Ludovic , Schmidt Richard C. , Bardy Benoit G. , Billard Aude , Raffard Stéphane 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRapid progress in the area of humanoid robots offers tremendous possibilities for investigating and improving social competences in people with social deficits, but remains yet unexplored in schizophrenia. In this study, we examined the influence of social feedbacks elicited by a humanoid robot on motor coordination during a human-robot interaction. Twenty-two schizophrenia patients and twenty-two matched healthy controls underwent a collaborative motor synchrony task with the iCub humanoid robot. Results revealed that positive social feedback had a facilitatory effect on motor coordination in the control participants compared to non-social positive feedback. This facilitatory effect was not present in schizophrenia patients, whose social-motor coordination was similarly impaired in social and non-social feedback conditions. Furthermore, patients’ cognitive flexibility impairment and antipsychotic dosing were negatively correlated with patients’ ability to synchronize hand movements with iCub. Overall, our findings reveal that patients have marked difficulties to exploit facial social cues elicited by a humanoid robot to modulate their motor coordination during human-robot interaction, partly accounted for by cognitive deficits and medication. This study opens new perspectives for comprehension of social deficits in this mental disorder.
Cyclophilin D regulates the dynamic assembly of mitochondrial ATP synthase into synthasomes
Authors: Beutner Gisela , Alanzalon Ryan E. , Porter George A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractMitochondrial electron transport is essential for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Electron transport chain (ETC) activity generates an electrochemical gradient that is used by the ATP synthase to make ATP. ATP synthase is organized into supramolecular units called synthasomes that increase the efficiency of ATP production, while within ATP synthase is the cyclophilin D (CypD) regulated mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP). We investigated whether synthasomes are dynamic structures that respond to metabolic demands and whether CypD regulates this dynamic. Isolated heart mitochondria from wild-type (WT) and CypD knockout (KO) mice were treated to either stimulate OXPHOS or open the PTP. The presence and dynamics of mitochondrial synthasomes were investigated by native electrophoresis, immunoprecipitation, and sucrose density centrifugation. We show that stimulation of OXPHOS, inhibition of the PTP, or deletion of CypD increased high order synthasome assembly. In contrast, OXPHOS inhibition or PTP opening increased synthasome disassembly in WT, but not in CypD KO heart mitochondria. CypD activity also correlated with synthasome assembly in other tissues, such as liver and brain. We conclude that CypD not only regulates the PTP, but also regulates the dynamics of synthasome assembly depending on the bioenergetic state of the mitochondria.
Observation of photobleaching in Ge-deficient Ge16.8Se83.2 chalcogenide thin film with prolonged irradiation
Authors: Zhang Sen , Chen Yimin , Wang Rongping , Shen Xiang , Dai Shixun 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe presented the unusual result of photobleaching (PB) in Ge-deficient Ge16.8Se83.2 thin films with continuous irradiation with 560 nm laser for 12000 s, which is contradicted with the previous reports that the PB only occurs in GexSe100-x films with x > 30. Observation of the dynamics variations of the photo-induced effects indicated that, photodarkening (PD) appears almost instantaneously upon light irradiation, saturates faster in a shorter time scale, and then photobleaching (PB) becomes dominant. Moreover, both PD and PB process accelerates with increasing irradiation power density. Raman spectra provided the evidence on the change of the photostructure of the samples, e.g. the structural transformation from Ge(Se1/2)4 edge-sharing (ES) to corner-sharing (CS) tetrahedral and homopolar Ge-Ge and Se-Se bonds to heteropolar Ge-Se bonds.
Modular endolysin of Burkholderia AP3 phage has the largest lysozyme-like catalytic subunit discovered to date and no catalytic aspartate residue
Authors: Maciejewska Barbara , Źrubek Karol , Espaillat Akbar , Wiśniewska Magdalena , Rembacz Krzysztof P. , Cava Felipe , Dubin Grzegorz , Drulis-Kawa Zuzanna 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEndolysins are peptidoglycan-degrading enzymes utilized by bacteriophages to release the progeny from bacterial cells. The lytic properties of phage endolysins make them potential antibacterial agents for medical and industrial applications. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of phage AP3 modular endolysin (AP3gp15) containing cell wall binding domain and an enzymatic domain (DUF3380 by BLASTP), both widespread and conservative. Our structural analysis demonstrates the low similarity of an enzymatic domain to known lysozymes and an unusual catalytic centre characterized by only a single glutamic acid residue and no aspartic acid. Thus, our findings suggest distinguishing a novel class of muralytic enzymes having the activity and catalytic centre organization of DUF3380. The lack of amino acid sequence homology between AP3gp15 and other known muralytic enzymes may reflect the evolutionary convergence of analogous glycosidases. Moreover, the broad antibacterial spectrum, lack of cytotoxic effect on human cells and the stability characteristics of AP3 endolysin advocate for its future application development.
Disease-relevant signalling-pathways in head and neck cancer: Taspase1’s proteolytic activity fine-tunes TFIIA function
Authors: Gribko Alena , Hahlbrock Angelina , Strieth Sebastian , Becker Sven , Hagemann Jan , Deichelbohrer Max , Hildebrandt Andreas , Habtemichael Negusse , Wünsch D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHead and neck cancer (HNC) is the seventh most common malignancy in the world and its prevailing form, the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), is characterized as aggressive and invasive cancer type. The transcription factor II A (TFIIA), initially described as general regulator of RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription, is part of complex transcriptional networks also controlling mammalian head morphogenesis. Posttranslational cleavage of the TFIIA precursor by the oncologically relevant protease Taspase1 is crucial in this process. In contrast, the relevance of Taspase1-mediated TFIIA cleavage during oncogenesis of HNSCC is not characterized yet. Here, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of HNSCC which revealed significant downregulation of the TFIIA downstream target CDKN2A. To identify potential regulatory mechanisms of TFIIA on cellular level, we characterized nuclear-cytoplasmic transport and Taspase1-mediated cleavage of TFIIA variants. Unexpectedly, we identified an evolutionary conserved nuclear export signal (NES) counteracting nuclear localization and thus, transcriptional activity of TFIIA. Notably, proteolytic processing of TFIIA by Taspase1 was found to mask the NES, thereby promoting nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of TFIIA target genes, such as CDKN2A. Collectively, we here describe a hitherto unknown mechanism how cellular localization and Taspase1 cleavage fine-tunes transcriptional activity of TFIIA in HNSCC.
Sex differentiation in grayling (Salmonidae) goes through an all-male stage and is delayed in genetic males who instead grow faster
Authors: Maitre Diane , Selmoni Oliver M. , Uppal Anshu , Marques da Cunha Lucas , Wilkins Laetitia G. E. , Roux Julien , Mobley Kenyon B. , Castro Isabelle , Knörr Susanne , Robinson-Rechavi Marc , Wedekind Claus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractFish populations can be threatened by distorted sex ratios that arise during sex differentiation. Here we describe sex differentiation in a wild grayling (Thymallus thymallus) population that suffers from distorted sex ratios. We verified that sex determination is linked to the sex determining locus (sdY) of salmonids. This allowed us to study sex-specific gene expression and gonadal development. Sex-specific gene expression could be observed during embryogenesis and was strong around hatching. About half of the fish showed immature testes around eleven weeks after fertilization. This phenotype was mostly replaced by the “testis-to-ovary” or “ovaries” phenotypes during development. The gonads of the remaining fish stayed undifferentiated until six months after fertilization. Genetic sexing revealed that fish with undifferentiated gonads were all males, who grew larger than the genetic females during the observational period. Only 12% of the genetic males showed testicular tissue six months after fertilization. We conclude that sex differentiation starts before hatching, goes through an all-male stage for both sexes (which represents a rare case of “undifferentiated” gonochoristic species that usually go through an all-female stage), and is delayed in males. During these juvenile stages males grow faster than females instead of developing their gonads.
Changes in GABAergic markers accompany degradation of neuronal function in the primary visual cortex of senescent rats
Authors: Ding Yanxia , Zheng Yuan , Liu Tao , Chen Ting , Wang Changhua , Sun Qiushuang , Hua Mutian , Hua Tianmiao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNumerous studies have reported age-dependent degradation of neuronal function in the visual cortex and have attributed this functional decline to weakened intracortical inhibition, especially GABAergic inhibition. However, whether this type of functional decline is linked to compromised GABAergic inhibition has not been fully confirmed. Here, we compared the neuronal response properties and markers of GABAergic inhibition in the primary visual cortex (V1) of young adult and senescent rats. Compared with those of young adult rats, old rats’ V1 neurons exhibited significantly increased visually evoked responses and spontaneous activity, a decreased signal-to-noise ratio and reduced response selectivity for the stimulus orientation and motion direction. Additionally, the ratio of GABA-positive neurons to total cortical neurons in old rats was significantly decreased compared with that in young rats. Expression of the key GABA-synthesizing enzyme GAD67 was significantly lower in old rats than in young rats, although GAD65 expression showed a marginal difference between the two age groups. Further, expression of an important GABAA receptor subunit, GABAAR α1, was significantly attenuated in old rats relative to young ones. These results demonstrate that ageing may result in decreased GABAergic inhibition in the visual cortex and that this decrease in GABAergic inhibition accompanies neuronal function degradation.
The burden and challenges of tuberculosis in China: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015
Authors: Zhu Sui , Xia Lan , Yu Shicheng , Chen Saobing , Zhang Juying 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTo achieve the End Tuberculosis (TB) Strategy, it is important to understand the characteristics of TB in China, which may provide the government with important clues for controlling TB by 2030. Data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015 (GBD 2015) and Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) were reviewed and analysed. The age-standardized death rate decreased by 83.79% [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 73.06–87.10] from 1990 to 2015. The age-standardized prevalence of TB in males decreased steadily by 33.88% (95% UI 29.35–37.67) but nearly increased by 6.24% (95% UI -2.02–15.07) in females from 1990 to 2015. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were higher in males than in females, and the highest TB burden was found in the elderly (70+ years of age). Over the period 1990–2015, the attributable age-standardized DALY rates for smoking decreased by 12.98% (95% UI 2.40–24.27), but increased for alcohol use and high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG). Greater attention should be paid to females especially in the under 5 years of age group, and more latent reasons explaining TB DALYs should be explored in future studies.