bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commentary on “Causing trouble: the language of learning disability and challenging behaviour”
Authors: Marks Bob 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to consider the findings of the research studies on referral to a community learning disability team presented in “Causing trouble: the language of learning disability and challenging behaviour”.

Design/methodology/approach
– The commentary is based on a review of the article and associated literature.

Findings
– The studies were undertaken from a social constructionist perspective. It is argued that the use of language in referral texts and the way they represent people with learning disabilities and challenging behaviour is influenced by wider social and historical ideas of what is accepted knowledge. The analysis of these texts contributes to the understanding of how outmoded responses to challenging behaviour are maintained and has potential benefits when used in the context of positive behaviour support.

Originality/value
– The commentary considers the studies presented from a practitioner perspective.
Commentary: assessing children’s swallowing – parent and professional perceptions
Authors: Rose Steve M 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide a commentary on “Assessing children’s swallowing: parent and professional perceptions”.

Design/methodology/approach
– The commentary is a narrative review of the paper from a community-based SLT practitioner perspective looking at related, published practices.

Findings
– A number of important themes are identified, illustrating the complexity of swallowing assessment procedures.

Originality/value
– The paper and this commentary highlight the importance of partnership working in managing dysphagia in children, engaging parents and practitioners and providing empowerment for decision making.
Employment for all: United States disability policy
Authors: Monteleone Rebecca 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of policy regarding employment for individuals with intellectual disabilities (ID) in the USA. Drawing from recent data, it assesses the impact of policy on current employment services and rates of employment.Design/methodology/approach– An introduction provides details regarding the benefits of employment for individuals with disabilities, current demographic information in the USA and salient definitions. Next, ten key national laws and one state law relating to employment for individuals with disabilities are outlined briefly. Finally, current outcomes for adults with disabilities are presented in order to assess the implementation and effectiveness of the legislation presented.Findings– Whilst this paper is a policy review, and therefore no novel findings have been produced, it is clear by juxtaposing the mandates enacted by the US Government with practical outcomes that there is a need to assess implementation and effectiveness of such legislation.Originality/value– It is imperative to scrutinize policy in the context of practical outcomes in order to assess its viability and relevance. Additionally, it is crucial that practitioners and academics be aware of the legislation that impacts the populations with whom they interact. Finally, in the context of this publication, it is important that researchers and practitioners in the UK understand US policy, and likewise US professionals understand UK policies in order to facilitate greater cross-cultural communication and collaboration for the mutual benefit of both nations.
Supporting people with complex communication needs through community capacity building: the Communication Access Network
Authors: Johnson Hilary , Solarsh Barbara , Bloomberg Karen , West Denise 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe specific features of a Victorian (Australia) state-wide hub and spoke model of speech pathology provision established for adults with complex communication needs (CCN). Two case studies highlighting successful examples of services developed to enhance community inclusion will be described and the challenges discussed.

Design/methodology/approach
– The route to community inclusion is described through a case study illustration of one communication accessible community site and one disability service study. The disability service research involved focus groups, survey and interview data and demonstrated the efficacy and sustainability of a support worker training model.

Findings
– Sustainable change in the community and in disability services can occur through partnerships, training, and long-term commitment. Support workers who can facilitate interactions for people who have cognitive and communicative disabilities are an essential component of building the capacity of communities to include people with CCN. Collaboration between community members, specialised supports and people with disabilities enhances active community participation.

Originality/value
– This innovative, state-wide model has the capacity to be replicated elsewhere. On-going speech pathology services are integral to support adults with CCN providing both short-term individualised services, sustainable staff training and community engagement.
Waterfowl populations are resilient to immediate and lagged impacts of wildfires in the boreal forest
Authors: Lewis Tyler L. , Schmutz Joel A. , Amundson Courtney L. , Lindberg Mark S. 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Wildfires are the principal disturbance in the boreal forest, and their size and frequency are increasing as the climate warms. Impacts of fires on boreal wildlife are largely unknown, especially for the tens of millions of waterfowl that breed in the region. This knowledge gap creates significant barriers to the integrative management of fires and waterfowl, leading to fire policies that largely disregard waterfowl.

Waterfowl populations across the western boreal forest of North America have been monitored annually since 1955 by the Waterfowl Breeding Population and Habitat Survey (BPOP), widely considered the most extensive wildlife survey in the world. Using these data, we examined impacts of forest fires on abundance of two waterfowl guilds – dabblers and divers. We modelled waterfowl abundance in relation to fire extent (i.e. amount of survey transect burned) and time since fire, examining both immediate and lagged fire impacts.

From 1955 to 2014, >1100 fires in the western boreal forest intersected BPOP survey transects, and many transects burned multiple times. Nonetheless, fires had no detectable impact on waterfowl abundance; annual transect counts of dabbler and diver pairs remained stable from the pre‐ to post‐fire period.

The absence of fire impacts on waterfowl abundance extended from the years immediately following the fire to those more than a decade afterwards. Likewise, the amount of transect burned did not influence waterfowl abundance, with similar pair counts from the pre‐ to post‐fire period for small (1–20% burned), medium (21–60%) and large (>60%) burns.

Policy implications. Waterfowl populations appear largely resilient to forest fires, providing initial evidence that current policies of limited fire suppression, which predominate throughout much of the boreal forest, have not been detrimental to waterfowl populations. Likewise, fire‐related management actions, such as prescribed burning or targeted suppression, seem to have limited impacts on waterfowl abundance and productivity. For waterfowl managers, our results suggest that adaptive models of waterfowl harvest, which annually guide hunting quotas, do not need to emphasize fires when integrating climate change effects.
MicroRNA‐217 suppresses homocysteine‐induced proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid receptor inhibition
Authors: Duan Hongyan , Li Yongqiang , Yan Lijie , Yang Haitao , Wu Jintao , Qian Peng , Li Bing , Wang Shanling 
Published: June 2016

SummaryHyperhomocysteine has become a critical risk for atherosclerosis and can stimulate proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). N‐methyl‐D‐aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) is a receptor of homocysteine and mediates the effects of homocysteine on VSMCs. Bioinformatics analysis has shown NMDAR is a potential target of microRNA‐217 (miR‐217), which exerts multiple functions in cancer tumorigenesis and carotid plaque progression. In this study, we sought to investigate the role of miR‐217 in VSMCs phenotype transition under homocysteine exposure and elucidate its effect on atherosclerotic plaque formation. After treating with several doses of homocysteine (0–8 × 10−4 mol/L) for 24 hours, the expression of miR‐217 in HA‐VSMCs and rat aortic VSMCs was not altered. Intriguingly, the expression of NMDAR mRNA and protein was reduced by homocysteine in a dose‐dependent manner. Transfection of miR‐217 mimic significantly inhibited the proliferation and migration of VSMCs with homocysteine treatment, while transfection of miR‐217 inhibitor promoted VSMCs migration. Moreover, miR‐217 mimic down‐regulated while miR‐217 inhibitor up‐regulated NMDAR protein expression but not NMDAR mRNA expression. Through luciferase reporter assay, we showed that miR‐217 could directly bind to the 3′‐UTR of NMDAR. MiR‐217 mimic transfection also released the inhibition of cAMP‐response element‐binding protein (CREB)‐PGC‐1α signalling induced by homocysteine. Additionally, restoration of PGC‐1α expression via AdPGC‐1α infection markedly suppressed VSMCs proliferation through the degradation of NADPH oxidase (NOX1) and reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Collectively, our study identified the role of miR‐217 in regulating VSMCs proliferation and migration, which might serve as a target for atherosclerosis therapy.
The importance of the Cisto‐Lavanduletalia coastal habitat on population persistence of the narrow endemic Dianthus morisianus (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Fenu Giuseppe , Cogoni Donatella , Navarro Francisco B , Concas Erica , Bacchetta Gianluigi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn Mediterranean coastal dune habitats, the facilitative mechanisms among plants could be crucial for the persistence of several plants for which survival is linked to a fragile equilibrium with the surrounding microenvironment. The aim of this study was to verify whether there exists a facilitative effect on Dianthus morisianus Vals., a narrow endemic plant of Sardinia, and to analyze the potential importance of facilitative effects via the analysis of the interaction outcome with the nurse plants. Forty‐five plots of 1 × 1 m were randomly placed within the habitat where D
. morisianus grows preferentially, composed of sclerophyllous shrubs (Cisto‐Lavanduletalia sensu Habitats Directive). All D
. morisianus plants recorded within the plots were assigned to one of the three microhabitats identified: (i) open areas in the inter‐shrub discontinuities, (ii) under shrubs canopy influence and (iii) inside the shrubs. For each D
. morisianus plant, the reproductive or vegetative status and both morphological and reproductive traits, as well as the possible physical damage (grazing and trampling), were measured. Inside the Cisto‐Lavanduletalia habitat there was a greater number of reproductive plants, whereas in the open patches the vegetative plants prevailed. Morphological and reproductive parameters varied significantly among microhabitats and showed higher values inside the shrubs. As expected, grazing and trampling negatively affected mainly plants growing in the open and below microhabitats. A strong facilitative interaction between D
. morisianus and the coastal Cisto
‐
Lavanduletalia habitat was found: this habitat had a crucial positive effect on the persistence of D
. morisianus and preserved this threatened plant; therefore, it is essential to primarily conserve the Cisto‐Lavanduletalia habitat.
A Longitudinal Investigation of Willingness to Pay for Health Insurance in Germany
Authors: Bock Jens‐Oliver , Hajek André , Brenner Hermann , Saum Kai‐Uwe , Matschinger Herbert , Haefeli Walter Emil , Schöttker Ben , Quinzler Renate , Heider Dirk , König Hans‐Helmut 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate factors affecting willingness to pay (WTP) for health insurance of older adults in a longitudinal setting in Germany.Data SourcesSurvey data from a cohort study in Saarland, Germany, from 2008–2010 and 2011–2014 (n1 = 3,124;n2 = 2,761) were used.Study DesignPanel data were taken at two points from an observational, prospective cohort study.Data CollectionWTPestimates were derived using a contingent valuation method with a payment card. Participants provided data on sociodemographics, lifestyle factors, morbidity, and health care utilization.Principal FindingsFixed effects regression models showed higher individual health care costs to increaseWTP, which in particular could be found for members of private health insurance. Changes in income and morbidity did not affectWTPamong members of social health insurance, whereas these predictors affectedWTPamong members of private health insurance.ConclusionsThe fact that individual health care costs affectedWTPpositively might indicate that demanding (expensive) health care services raises the awareness of the benefits of health insurance. Thus, measures to increaseWTPin old age should target at improving transparency of the value of health insurances at the moment when individual health care utilization and corresponding costs are still relatively low.
Distinguishing liver haemangiomas from metastatic tumours using gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid‐enhanced diffusion‐weighted imaging at 1.5T MRI
Authors: Saito Kazuhiro , Yoshimura Nobutaka , Shirota Natsuhiko , Saguchi Toru , Sugimoto Katsutoshi , Tokuuye Koichi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of enhanced diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for distinguishing liver haemangiomas from metastatic tumours (mets).MethodsThis study included 23 patients with 27 haemangiomas and 26 patients with 46 mets. Breath‐holding diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) (b‐values of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 400 and 800 s/mm2) were obtained before and 20 min after injection of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd‐EOB‐DTPA). Lesion contrast‐to‐noise ratios (CNRs) were calculated. The data were processed using the bi‐exponential model of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to compare the diagnostic performance when distinguishing haemangioma from mets.ResultsThe CNRs of haemangioma and mets at post‐contrast enhancement increased. All IVIM parameters for liver haemangioma and mets showed no significant differences between pre‐ and post‐contrast enhancement. The highest Az value of CNR and IVIM parameters occurred at a post‐contrast b‐value of 0 s/mm2 and true diffusion (D). The highest qualitative evaluation occurred at a b‐value of 800 s/mm2. The sensitivity and specificity, with a CNR of 100 or higher at a post‐contrast b‐value of 0 s/mm2 and considered to be haemangioma, were 89% and 67% (<10 mm, 91%, 77%) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity, when D was higher than 1.4 × 10−3 mm2/s, were 74% and 83% (<10 mm, 64%, 77%) respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of qualitative evaluation by enhanced DWI were 74% and 76% (<10 mm, 64%, 80%) respectively.ConclusionsThe accuracy of the CNR was highest with b = 0; however, examination at high b‐values had advantages in the qualitative evaluation of some small‐size lesions.
stratag: An r package for manipulating, summarizing and analysing population genetic data
Authors: Archer Frederick I. , Adams Paula E. , Schneiders Brita B. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe introduce the r package stratag as a user‐friendly population genetics toolkit. stratag provides easy access to a suite of standard genetic summaries as well as the ability to rapidly manipulate stratified genetic data for custom analyses. Tests of population subdivision with most common measures of population subdivision (e.g., FST, GST, ΦST, Χ2) can be conducted within a single function. The package also provides wrapper functions that allow users to configure and run popular external programs such as genepop, structure, and fastsimcoal from within r, and smoothly interface with popular r packages adegenet and pegas. stratag is intended to be an open‐source dynamic package that will grow with future needs and user input.
SNP discovery in candidate adaptive genes using exon capture in a free‐ranging alpine ungulate
Authors: Roffler Gretchen H. , Amish Stephen J. , Smith Seth , Cosart Ted , Kardos Marty , Schwartz Michael K. , Luikart Gordon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIdentification of genes underlying genomic signatures of natural selection is key to understanding adaptation to local conditions. We used targeted resequencing to identify SNP markers in 5321 candidate adaptive genes associated with known immunological, metabolic and growth functions in ovids and other ungulates. We selectively targeted 8161 exons in protein‐coding and nearby 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions of chosen candidate genes. Targeted sequences were taken from bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) exon capture data and directly from the domestic sheep genome (Ovis aries v. 3; oviAri3). The bighorn sheep sequences used in the Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli) exon capture aligned to 2350 genes on the oviAri3 genome with an average of 2 exons each. We developed a microfluidic qPCR‐based SNP chip to genotype 476 Dall's sheep from locations across their range and test for patterns of selection. Using multiple corroborating approaches (lositan and bayescan), we detected 28 SNP loci potentially under selection. We additionally identified candidate loci significantly associated with latitude, longitude, precipitation and temperature, suggesting local environmental adaptation. The three methods demonstrated consistent support for natural selection on nine genes with immune and disease‐regulating functions (e.g. Ovar‐DRA, APC, BATF2, MAGEB18), cell regulation signalling pathways (e.g. KRIT1, PI3K, ORRC3), and respiratory health (CYSLTR1). Characterizing adaptive allele distributions from novel genetic techniques will facilitate investigation of the influence of environmental variation on local adaptation of a northern alpine ungulate throughout its range. This research demonstrated the utility of exon capture for gene‐targeted SNP discovery and subsequent SNP chip genotyping using low‐quality samples in a nonmodel species.
Hypersensitivities to sesame and other common edible seeds
Authors: Patel A. , Bahna S. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSeveral seeds have been increasingly incorporated in various food items, with consequent risk of hypersensitivity reactions that are often severe. Identification of the specific seed as the culprit is often not explored or is difficult to verify. In this article, we reviewed the English literature from January 1930 to March 2016 using PubMed and Google Scholar searching for publications relevant to hypersensitivity to common edible seeds, namely sesame, sunflower seed, poppy seed, pumpkin seed, flaxseed, and mustard seed. Considering the worldwide consumption of those seeds, the number of published articles on the subject was relatively small and was mainly as case reports rather than large series. Allergy to sesame was more reported than to other seeds, with an estimated prevalence of 0.1–0.2%. In this review, we summarize the information relevant to each of the six seeds and their oils regarding the manifestations, routes of exposure, identified major allergens, and cross‐reactivity with other seeds or other foods. We also addressed the important role of a thorough history taking in suspecting seed allergy, the limited reliability of routine diagnostic procedures, and the importance of verification by appropriate challenge tests. At present, management is basically dietary avoidance and the use of symptomatic medications that may include epinephrine auto‐injectors. We did not encounter any well‐designed studies on immunotherapy for seed allergy, but it is hoped that such a gap be filled by the development of safe effective protocols in the near future.
Mould‐sensitized adults have lower Th2 cytokines and a higher prevalence of asthma than those sensitized to other aeroallergens
Authors: Matheson M. C. , Reece J. C. , Kandane‐Rathnayake R. K. , Tang M. L. K. , Simpson J. A. , Feather I. H. , Southey M. C. , Tsimiklis H. , Hopper J. L. , Morrison S. C. , Giles G. G. , Walters E. H. , Dharmage S. C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundEvidence suggests that specific allergen sensitizations are associated with different allergic diseases which may reflect different underlying immune profiles. We aimed to examine the cytokine profiles of individuals sensitized to eight common aeroallergens.MethodsWe used data from the Tasmanian Longitudinal Health Study a population‐based cohort study of 45‐year‐olds. Serum cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10, TNF‐α) were measured in 1157 subjects using the LINCOplex assays. Participants underwent skin prick testing for house dust mite, cat, grasses and moulds. Multivariable linear regression was used to compare serum cytokine levels between sensitized and nonatopic subjects.ResultsThe prevalence of allergic sensitization to any aeroallergen was 51% (95% CI 47–54). Being sensitized to any aeroallergen was strongly associated with current asthma (OR = 3.7, 95% CI 2.6–5.3), and being sensitized to any moulds was associated with a very high risk of current asthma (OR = 6.40, 95% CI 4.06–10.1). The geometric mean (GM) levels of Th2 cytokines (IL‐4, IL‐5 and IL‐6) for adults sensitized to Cladosporium were significantly lower than the levels for nonatopic individuals (IL‐4 ratio of GMs = 0.25, 95% CI 0.10–0.62, P = 0.003; IL‐5 GM = 0.55, 95% CI 0.30–0.99, P = 0.05; and IL‐6 GM = 0.50, 95% CI 0.24–1.07, P = 0.07). Individuals sensitized to other aeroallergens all showed elevated Th2 cytokine levels.ConclusionOur study is the first large population‐based study to demonstrate reduced Th2 cytokines levels in people sensitized to mould. Underlying biological mechanisms driving allergic inflammatory responses in adults sensitized to moulds may differ from those sensitized to other aeroallergens. These findings suggest that it may be necessary to tailor treatments in individuals sensitized to moulds compared with other aeroallergens in order to optimize outcomes.