bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multivalent and Photoresponsive Assembly of Dual‐Cavity Baskets in Water
Authors: Wang Lu , Neal Taylor , Chen Shigui , Badjić Jovica D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLarge unilamellar vesicles [1]n, composed of bolaamphiphilic baskets 1, were found to complex photoresponsive guest 3 and divalent 4 to, respectively, give stable vesicular assemblies [12–3]n and [12–43]n. With the assistance of 1H NMR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering, it was deduced that [12–3]n vesicles comprise ternary [12–3] organized into a curved membrane in which a pair of baskets entraps a laterally positioned dicationic 3. In the case of [12–43]n vesicles, however, the spectroscopic results suggest that three guest molecules 4 insert vertically between four baskets 1 to give pentanary [12–43] packed into the membrane of [12–43]n. Importantly, nanostructured [12–3]n and [12–43]n retain rhodamine B (RhB) in their reservoir (fluorescence microscopy) and can be switched from one into another using UV light, with a disproportionate release of RhB dye. The reported complexes, organized into photoresponsive capsular materials, are rather unprecedented, demonstrating the potential of multivalency for creating functional structures of great interest in the areas of catalysis and delivery.
New Ruthenium‐Based Probes for Selective G‐Quadruplex Targeting
Authors: Piraux Guillaume , Bar Laure , Abraham Michaël , Lavergne Thomas , Jamet Hélène , Dejeu Jérôme , Marcélis Lionel , Defrancq Eric , Elias Benjamin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTelomeric regions containing G‐quadruplex (G4) structures play a pivotal role in the development of cancers. The development of specific binders for G4s is thus of great interest in order to gain a deeper understanding of the role of these structures, and to ultimately develop new anticancer drug candidates. For several years, RuII complexes have been studied as efficient probes for DNA. Interest in these complexes stems mainly from the tunability of their structures and properties, and the possibility of using light excitation as a tool to probe their environment or to selectively trigger their reaction with a biological target. Herein, we report on the synthesis and thorough study of new RuII complexes based on a novel dipyrazino[2,3‐a:2′,3′‐h]phenazine ligand (dph), obtained through a Chichibabin‐like reaction. Luminescence experiments, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and computational studies have demonstrated that these complexes behave as selective probes for G‐quadruplex structures.
Enhancing Catalytic Activity of Bioanode for Glucose Biofuel Cell by Compressing Enzyme, Mediator and Carbon Support through Centrifugation
Authors: Tan Desmond Chun Long , Sato Hirotaka 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, the fabrication of a graphene‐based bioanode utilizing ferrocenemethanol as mediator and glucose oxidase as enzyme catalyst through centrifugation was demonstrated. The enhanced in catalytic activity for glucose oxidation was achieved via centrifuge compressing respective components within the mixture. The glucose/O2 biofuel cell (GBFC) was assembled by having the bioanode integrated with Pt wire as cathode. The GBFC produced maximum power density and open circuit voltage of approximately 70 μW cm−2 and 0.38 V.
Simultaneous Visualization and Quantitation of Multiple Steroid Hormones Based on Signal‐Amplified Biosensing with Duplex Molecular Recognition
Authors: Tan Yaning , Hu Xiaoxia , Liu Meng , Liu Xinwen , Lv Xiaobo , Li Zhihao , Wang Jie , Yuan Quan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe simultaneous quantitation of multiple steroid hormones in real time is of great importance in medical diagnosis. In this study, a portable hormone biosensor based on duplex molecular recognition coupled with a signal‐amplified substrate was successfully developed for the simultaneous visualization and quantitation of multiple steroid hormones. Aptamer‐functionalized upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) with different emission peaks are immobilized on the photonic crystal (PC) substrate as the nanoprobes, leading to the specific and simultaneous assay of multiple steroid hormones. Coupled with the luminescence‐enhanced effect of the PC substrate, nanomolar quantification limits of multiple hormones are achieved. This well‐designed biosensor is also promising in the quantification of multiple hormones in serum samples. The amplified luminescence signals can be visualized with the naked eye and captured by an unmodified phone camera. This hormone quantitation biosensor exhibits the advantages of multi‐detection, visualization, high sensitivity, and selectivity for potential applications in clinical disease diagnosis.
Multi‐parametric profiling of renal cell, colorectal, and ovarian cancer identifies tumour‐type‐specific stroma phenotypes and a novel vascular biomarker
Authors: Corvigno Sara , Frödin Magnus , Wisman G Bea A , Nijman Hans W , Van der Zee Ate GJ , Jirström Karin , Nodin Björn , Hrynchyk Ina , Edler David , Ragnhammar Peter , Johansson Martin , Dahlstrand Hanna , Mezheyeuski Artur , Östman Arne 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA novel set of integrated procedures for quantification of fibroblast‐rich stroma and vascular characteristics has recently been presented allowing discovery of novel perivascular and stromal biomarkers in colorectal, renal cell, and ovarian cancer. In the present study, data obtained through these procedures from clinically well‐annotated collections of these three tumour types have been used to address two novel questions. First, data have been used to investigate if the three tumour types demonstrate significant differences regarding features such as vessel diameter, vessel density, and perivascular marker expression. Second, analyses of the cohorts have been used to explore the prognostic significance of a novel vascular metric, ‘vessel distance inter‐quartile range (IQR)’ that describes intra‐case heterogeneity regarding vessel distribution. The comparisons between the three tumour types demonstrated a set of significant differences. Vessel density of renal cell cancer was statistically significantly higher than in colorectal and ovarian cancer. Vessel diameter was statistically significantly higher in ovarian cancer. Concerning perivascular status, colorectal cancer displayed significantly higher levels of perivascular PDGFR‐β expression than the other two tumour types. Intra‐case heterogeneity of perivascular PDGFR‐β expression was also higher in colorectal cancer. Notably, these fibroblast‐dominated stroma phenotypes matched previously described experimental tumour stroma characteristics, which have been linked to differential sensitivity to anti‐VEGF drugs. High ‘vessel distance IQR’ was significantly associated with poor survival in both renal cell cancer and colorectal cancer. In renal cell cancer, this characteristic also acted as an independent prognostic marker according to multivariate analyses including standard clinico‐pathological characteristics. Explorative subset analyses indicated particularly strong prognostic significance of ‘vessel distance IQR’ in T stage 4 of this cancer type. Together, these analyses identified tumour‐type‐specific vascular‐stroma phenotypes of possible functional significance, and suggest ‘vessel distance IQR’ as a novel prognostic biomarker.
Next‐generation sequencing and clinical outcomes of patients with lung adenocarcinoma treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Cassidy Richard J. , Zhang Xinyan , Patel Pretesh R. , Shelton Joseph W. , Escott Chase E. , Sica Gabriel L. , Rossi Michael R. , Hill Charles E. , Steuer Conor E. , Pillai Rathi N. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Owonikoko Taofeek K. , Behera Madhusmita , Force Seth D. , Fernandez Felix G. , Curran Walter J. , Higgins Kristin A. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDGenetic aberrations are well characterized in lung adenocarcinomas (LACs) and clinical outcomes have been influenced by targeted therapies in the advanced setting. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is the standard‐of‐care therapy for patients with nonoperable, early‐stage LAC, but to the authors' knowledge, no information is available regarding the impact of genomic changes in these patients. The current study sought to determine the frequency and clinical impact of genetic aberrations in this population.METHODSUnder an Institutional Review Board‐approved protocol, the records of 242 consecutive patients with early‐stage lung cancers were reviewed; inclusion criteria included LAC histology with an adequate tumor sample for the successful use of next‐generation sequencing and fluorescence in situ hybridization testing. Univariate analysis was performed to identify factors associated with clinical outcomes.RESULTSLAC samples from 98 of the 242 patients were reviewed (40.5%), of whom 45 patients (46.0%) had genetic testing. The following mutations were noted: KRAS in 20.0% of samples, BRAF in 2.2% of samples, SMAD family member 4 (SMAD4) in 4.4% of samples, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in 15.6% of samples, STK1 in 2.2% of samples, tumor protein 53 (TP53) in 15.6% of samples, and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in 2.2% of samples. The following gene rearrangements were observed: anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) in 8.9% of samples, RET in 2.2% of samples, and MET amplification in 17.8% of samples. The median total delivered SBRT dose was 50 grays (range, 48‐60 grays) over a median of 5 fractions (range, 3‐8 fractions). The KRAS mutation was associated with worse local control (odds ratio [OR], 3.64; P<.05). MET amplification was associated with worse regional (OR, 4.64; P<.05) and distant (OR, 3.73; P<.05) disease control.CONCLUSIONSTo the authors' knowledge, the current series is the first to quantify genetic mutations and their association with clinical outcomes in patients with early‐stage LAC treated with SBRT. KRAS mutations were associated with worse local control and MET amplification was associated with worse regional and distant disease control, findings that need to be validated in a prospective setting. Cancer 2017;123:3681–3690. © 2017 American Cancer Society
Prognostic value of event‐free survival at 12 and 24 months and long‐term mortality for non‐Hodgkin follicular lymphoma patients: A study report from the Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group
Authors: Provencio Mariano , Royuela Ana , Torrente María , Pollán Marina , Gómez‐Codina José , Sabín Pilar , Llanos Marta , Gumá Josep , Quero Cristina , Blasco Ana , Aguiar David , García‐Arroyo Francisco Ramón , Lavernia Javier , Martínez Natividad , Morales Manuel , Saenz‐Cusi Álvaro , Rodríguez Delvys , Calvo Virginia , de la Cruz‐Merino Luis , de la Cruz Miguel Ángel , Rueda Antonio ,   for the Spanish Lymphoma Oncology Group
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDRelatively few studies have analyzed the mortality of follicular lymphoma (FL) patients in comparison with a sex‐ and age‐matched general population. This study analyzed the overall survival (OS) of patients with FL and compared their survival with the expected survival of a general population.METHODSPatients diagnosed with FL were prospectively enrolled from 1980 to 2013. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were obtained from yearly sex‐ and age‐specific mortality rates in Spain, and OS was compared with age‐ and sex‐matched general population data.RESULTSA total of 1074 patients with newly diagnosed FL were enrolled. The median OS was 231 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 195‐267 months). Event‐free survival at 12 months (EFS12) and event‐free survival at 24 months (EFS24) were associated with an increased probability of early death, with an SMR of 10.27 (95% CI, 8.26‐12.77) for EFS12. The overall SMR, including all causes of death, was 2.55 (95% CI, 2.23‐2.92), and it was higher for women (SMR, 3.02; 95% CI, 2.48‐3.67) and young adults (SMR, 6.01; 95% CI, 3.13‐11.55). More than 10 years after the diagnosis, mortality rates for FL patients were lower than those for the general population (SMR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.28‐0.78). When FL was excluded as a cause of death, the overall SMR was 1.35 (95% CI, 1.11‐1.65) without a statistically significant mortality increase in the >60‐year‐old group in comparison with age‐ and sex‐matched general population data. More than 15% of the patients included in the study (n = 158) had more than 10 years of follow‐up.CONCLUSIONSEFS12 and EFS24 predict an early increase in mortality. The long‐term SMR, over the course of 10 years of follow‐up, shows that patients with FL have a risk of dying similar to that of a sex‐ and age‐matched general population. Cancer 2017;123:3709–3716. © 2017 American Cancer Society
Osteoradionecrosis of the mandible in patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with intensity‐modulated radiotherapy
Authors: Caparrotti Francesca , Huang Shao Hui , Lu Lin , Bratman Scott V. , Ringash Jolie , Bayley Andrew , Cho John , Giuliani Meredith , Kim John , Waldron John , Hansen Aaron , Tong Li , Xu Wei , O'Sullivan Brian , Wood Robert , Goldstein David , Hope Andrew 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDOsteoradionecrosis (ORN) of the mandible is a late toxicity affecting patients treated with radiotherapy for head and neck malignancies. To the authors' knowledge, ORN has no standardized grading system and its reporting is based on retrospective findings in heterogeneous patient populations. The rate of ORN in the era of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) still is unknown.METHODSThe authors report the incidence of ORN from prospectively collected data regarding 1196 patients who were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx and treated with curative‐intent IMRT, with or without concomitant systemic treatment, from January 2005 to December 2014. Each case of ORN was graded according to its severity. Clinical and dosimetric comparisons were performed between patients with ORN and a matched control cohort of patients without ORN.RESULTSThe actuarial rate of ORN of the mandible was 3% at 1 year, 5% at 3 years, and 7% at 5 years. On multivariable analysis, smoking (hazard ratio, 1.9; 95% confidence interval, 1.07‐3.4 [P = .03]) and T classification (hazard ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.02‐3.1 [P = .041]) were found to be statistically significant risk factors. The presence of cardiovascular comorbidities, use of bisphosphonates, and pre‐IMRT dental extractions were found to be different between the matched cohorts. The mandibular volume receiving 50 grays (Gy) (in cm3) and the volume receiving 60 Gy (in cm3) were found to be associated with ORN on multivariable analysis in the matched cohort patients receiving an IMRT regimen of 2 Gy per fraction.CONCLUSIONSORN is relatively uncommon among patients with oropharyngeal carcinoma who are treated with IMRT, but continues to occur beyond 5 years after treatment. Modifiable risk factors that are associated with higher rates of ORN include smoking and the use of bisphosphonates. Minimizing the volumes of the mandible receiving >50 Gy or > 60 Gy also may have an effect on the ORN rate. Cancer 2017;123:3691–3700. © 2017 American Cancer Society
Value and application of trimodality therapy or definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy in thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Lin Wei‐Cheng , Ding Yi‐Fang , Hsu Han‐Lin , Chang Jer‐Hwa , Yuan Kevin Sheng‐Po , Wu Alexander T. H. , Chow Jyh‐Ming , Chang Chia‐Lun , Chen Shee‐Uan , Wu Szu‐Yuan 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDFew large, prospective, randomized studies have investigated the value and optimal application of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery (trimodality therapy) or definitive concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) for patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (TESCC).METHODSThe authors analyzed data from patients with TESCC in the Taiwan Cancer Registry database. To compare their outcomes, patients with TESCC were enrolled and categorized into the following groups according to treatment modality: group 1, those who underwent surgery alone; group 2, those who received trimodality therapy; and group 3, those who received definitive CCRT. Group 1 was used as the control arm for investigating the risk of mortality after treatment.RESULTSIn total, 3522 patients who had TESCC without distant metastasis were enrolled. Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that a Charlson comorbidity index score ≥3, American Joint Committee on Cancer stage ≥IIA, earlier year of diagnosis, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and definitive CCRT were significant, independent predictors of a poor prognosis. After adjustment for confounders, adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall mortality in patients with clinical stage I, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, and IIIC TESCC were 2.01 (95% CI, 0.44‐6.18), 1.65 (95% CI, 0.99‐2.70), 1.48 (95% CI, 0.91‐2.42), 0.66 (95% CI, 1.08‐1.14), 0.39 (95% CI, 0.26‐0.57), and 0.44 (95% CI, 0.24‐0.83), respectively, in group 2; and 2.06 (95% CI, 1.18‐3.59), 2.65 (95% CI, 1.76‐4.00), 2.25 (95% CI, 1.49‐3.39), 1.34 (95% CI, 0.79‐2.28), 0.82 (95% CI, 0.57‐1.17), and 0.93 (95% CI, 0.51‐1.71), respectively, in group 3.CONCLUSIONSTrimodality therapy may be beneficial for the survival of patients with advanced‐stage (IIIA‐IIIC) TESCC, and CCRT might be an alternative to surgery alone in these patients. Cancer 2017;123:3904‐15. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Elevated risk of human papillomavirus‐related second cancers in survivors of anal canal cancer
Authors: Nelson Rebecca A. , Lai Lily L. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUNDOver the last decade, the causal link between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) has been well described. Because HPV infection in one site is often associated with other sites of infection, it then follows that patients with SCCA may have an increased risk of additional HPV‐related cancers. Identifying and targeting at‐risk sites through cancer screening and surveillance may help to guide best practices. The current study sought to ascertain sites and risk of HPV‐related second primary malignancies (SPMs) in survivors of SCCA.METHODSUsing population‐based data from 1992 through 2012, the authors identified patients with SCCA and determined their risk of HPV‐related SPMs, including anal, oral, and genital cancers. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs), defined as observed to expected cases, were calculated to determine excess risk.RESULTSOf 10,537 patients with SCCA, 416 developed HPV‐related SPMs, which corresponded to an overall SIR of 21.5 (99% confidence interval [99% CI], 19.0‐24.2). Men were found to have a higher SIR (35.8; 99% CI, 30.7‐41.6) compared with women (12.8; 99% CI, 10.4‐15.5). SIRs for a second SCCA were markedly higher in men (127.5; 99% CI, 108.1‐149.2) compared with women (47.0; 99% CI, 34.7‐62.1), whereas SIRs for oral cavity and pharyngeal cancers were elevated in men (3.1; 99% CI, 1.5‐5.7) and women (4.4; 99% CI, 1.5‐9.7). SIRs for sex‐specific sites also were elevated, with male genital cancers having an SIR of 19.6 (99% CI, 8.7‐37.6) and female genital cancers an SIR of 8.3 (99% CI, 6.1‐11.0).CONCLUSIONSPatients with index SCCA are at an increased risk of subsequent HPV‐related SPMs. The elevated risk is most striking in patients with second primary SCCAs; however, the risk of second cancers also appears to be increased in other HPV‐related sites. Cancer 2017;123:4013‐21. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Neuronal distribution of tyramine and the tyramine receptor AmTAR1 in the honeybee brain
Authors: Thamm Markus , Scholl Christina , Reim Tina , Grübel Kornelia , Möller Karin , Rössler Wolfgang , Scheiner Ricarda 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTyramine is an important neurotransmitter, neuromodulator, and neurohormone in insects. In honeybees, it is assumed to have functions in modulating sensory responsiveness and controlling motor behavior. Tyramine can bind to two characterized receptors in honeybees, both of which are coupled to intracellular cAMP pathways. How tyramine acts on neuronal, cellular and circuit levels is unclear. We investigated the spatial brain expression of the tyramine receptor AmTAR1 using a specific antibody. This antibody detects a membrane protein of the expected molecular weight in western blot analysis. In honeybee brains, it labels different structures which process sensory information. Labeling along the antennal nerve, in projections of the dorsal lobe and in the gnathal ganglion suggest that tyramine receptors are involved in modulating gustatory and tactile perception. Furthermore, the ellipsoid body of the central complex and giant synapses in the lateral complex show AmTAR1‐like immunoreactivity (AmTAR1‐IR), suggesting a role of this receptor in modulating sky‐compass information and/or higher sensor‐motor control. Additionally, intense signals derive from the mushroom bodies, higher‐order integration centers for olfactory, visual, gustatory and tactile information. To investigate whether AmTAR1‐expressing brain structures are in vicinity to tyramine releasing sites, a specific tyramine antibody was applied. Tyramine‐like labeling was observed in AmTAR1‐IR positive structures, although it was sometimes weak and we did not always find a direct match of ligand and receptor. Moreover, tyramine‐like immunoreactivity was also found in brain regions without AmTAR1‐IR (optic lobes, antennal lobes), indicating that other tyramine‐specific receptors may be expressed there.
Computing in Verotoxin
Authors: Adamatzky Andrew 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe develop an excitable automata model of a protein verotoxin and demonstrate that logic gates and circuits are realised in the model via interacting patterns of excitation. By sampling potential input pairs of nodes, we calculate frequencies of logic gates which occurred in the verotoxin model for various parameters of node excitation rules. We show that overall the gates can be arranged in the following hierarchy of descending frequencies: AND>OR>AND‐NOT>XOR. We demonstrate realisations of one‐bit half‐adder and controlled‐not gates and estimate memory capacity of the verotoxin molecule.
Using Voltammetry to Measure the Relative Hydrogen‐Bonding Strengths of Pyridine and Its Derivatives in Acetonitrile
Authors: Tessensohn Malcolm E. , Koh Yu Rong , Lim Sihao , Hirao Hajime , Webster Richard D. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe voltammetric behavior of 2,3,5,6‐tetramethyl‐1,4‐phenylenediamine was found to be able to differentiate the hydrogen acceptor abilities of electroinactive pyridine compounds in acetonitrile. Weak and strong hydrogen acceptors were distinguished through the onset of a third oxidation process that came about at sub‐stoichiometric amounts of strong hydrogen acceptors, but not in the presence of weak hydrogen acceptors. This additional oxidation reaction occurred at a potential between the two 1 e−‐oxidation reactions that phenylenediamines typically undergo (i.e. EPox(1)<EPox(3)<EPox(2), with EPox(1) and EPox(2) representing the electrochemical conversion of the neutral phenylenediamine into the radical cation and thereafter to the quinonediimine dication) as well as at the expense of the second electrochemical reaction. EPox(2) and EPox(3) were observed to shift towards less positive potentials with increasing concentrations of weak or strong hydrogen acceptors, respectively, whereas EPox(1) remained virtually unaffected. This allows the electrochemical parameters ΔEPox(1, 2)=|EPox(1)−EPox(2)| and ΔEPox(1, 3)=|EPox(1)−EPox(3)| to be employed as measures of the hydrogen‐bonding strengths within each category, to which they were found to be highly reproducible and responsive to steric, electronic, inductive, and mesomeric effects. The electrochemical findings concur with available aqueous pKa data of the protonated pyridine compounds but were, however, in poor agreement with results obtained by density functional theory calculations.