bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variability in 14C contents of soil organic matter at the plot and regional scale across climatic and geologic gradients
Authors: van der Voort Tessa Sophia , Hagedorn Frank , McIntyre Cameron , Zell Claudia , Walthert Lorenz , Schleppi Patrick , Feng Xiaojuan , Eglinton Timothy Ian 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Soil organic matter (SOM) forms the largest terrestrial pool of carbon outside of sedimentary rocks. Radiocarbon is a powerful tool for assessing soil organic matter dynamics. However, due to the nature of the measurement, extensive 14C studies of soil systems remain relatively rare. In particular, information on the extent of spatial and temporal variability in 14C contents of soils is limited, yet this information is crucial for establishing the range of baseline properties and for detecting potential modifications to the SOM pool. This study describes a comprehensive approach to explore heterogeneity in bulk SOM 14C in Swiss forest soils that encompass diverse landscapes and climates. We examine spatial variability in soil organic carbon (SOC) 14C, SOC content and C : N ratios over both regional climatic and geologic gradients, on the watershed- and plot-scale and within soil profiles. Results reveal (1) a relatively uniform radiocarbon signal across climatic and geologic gradients in Swiss forest topsoils (0–5 cm, Δ14C  =  130 ± 28.6, n = 12 sites), (2) similar radiocarbon trends with soil depth despite dissimilar environmental conditions, and (3) micro-topography dependent, plot-scale variability that is similar in magnitude to regional-scale variability (e.g., Gleysol, 0–5 cm, Δ14C 126 ± 35.2, n = 8 adjacent plots of 10  ×  10 m). Statistical analyses have additionally shown that Δ14C signature in the topsoil is not significantly correlated to climatic parameters (precipitation, elevation, primary production) except mean annual temperature at 0–5 cm. These observations have important consequences for SOM carbon stability modelling assumptions, as well as for the understanding of controls on past and current soil carbon dynamics.
Dissolved oxygen prediction using a possibility theory based fuzzy neural network
Authors: Khan Usman T. , Valeo Caterina 
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A new fuzzy neural network method to predict minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in a highly urbanised riverine environment (in Calgary, Canada) is proposed. The method uses abiotic factors (non-living, physical and chemical attributes) as inputs to the model, since the physical mechanisms governing DO in the river are largely unknown. A new two-step method to construct fuzzy numbers using observations is proposed. Then an existing fuzzy neural network is modified to account for fuzzy number inputs and also uses possibility theory based intervals to train the network. Results demonstrate that the method is particularly well suited to predicting low DO events in the Bow River. Model performance is compared with a fuzzy neural network with crisp inputs, as well as with a traditional neural network. Model output and a defuzzification technique are used to estimate the risk of low DO so that water resource managers can implement strategies to prevent the occurrence of low DO.
Responsabilidade Administrativa do Servidor Público na Administração Pública Federal
Authors: Gomes Reginaldo Gonçalves 
Published: June 2016

Diante do atual debate acerca do Direito Administrativo Constitucional e ainda da função pública, já é hora de examinarmos os conceitos e procedimentos que são adotados pela Administração Pública para externar o poder disciplinar, mormente a fomentação de comissões de processos por encomenda, ainda muito comum em órgãos cuja relação dos servidores é de “compadrio” e não de profissionalismo, que açambarca todos os princípios constitucionais e administrativos. O presente artigo pretende dar uma luz aos servidores, membros de comissão de processo, autoridades administrativas e advogados militantes na área, de modo a auxiliá-los na condução e reconstrução do processo administrativo disciplinar.	Assim, abordaremos alguns tópicos de suma importância para o direito administrativo disciplinar de forma a dar uma noção do que representa o processo disciplinar na Administração Pública.
Le renouvellement paradoxal de la pratique syndicale : l’exemple des dimensions mentales de la santé au travail
Authors: Delmas Corinne 
Published: June 2016

La diffusion des questions de santé mentale au travail dans les organisations syndicales et les entreprises mobilise les registres scientifiques et les univers académiques et professionnels. L’enjeu d’une proximité renforcée avec les salariés et le terrain a nécessité un renouvellement des pratiques syndicales. Cette rupture est parfois explicitement recherchée, comme le montre l’Observatoire du stress et des mobilités forcées à France Télécom, qui illustre la volonté de produire une information crédible et des discours audibles dans d’autres univers sociaux. Occupant un double positionnement, syndical et scientifique, et contribuant à la promotion d’une expertise des risques psychosociaux, il atteste les collaborations entre chercheurs et militants, ce souci de proximité et les nouvelles pratiques syndicales. Son action et les résistances rencontrées montrent en même temps combien cette rupture expose les syndicats à des tensions entre deux dimensions centrales de l’activité syndicale : d’une part, entre action et compréhension des situations et, d’autre part, entre droit individuel et droit collectif. Ces tensions, les limites de l’expertise des risques psychosociaux et la publicisation ambiguë des questions de stress et de souffrance révèlent les difficultés persistantes à penser et à agir sur le travail.
Gestion des relations professionnelles, gestion de l’application de la loi. Quand les sourds négocient leurs conditions de travail1
Authors: Kerbourc’h Sylvain , Dalle-Nazébi Sophie 
Published: June 2016

Afin de donner accès à l’emploi à une population de travailleurs marginalisés, la loi du 11 février 2005 pour l’égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées renforce la loi de 1987 et augmente les contributions financières des entreprises de plus de 20 salariés ne respectant pas le taux de 6 %. Elle rappelle différents droits, comme ceux de compensation et d’aménagements de postes de travail, et reconnaît officiellement dans le secteur de l’éducation la Langue des signes française pratiquée par des personnes sourdes. Bien que novateur, ce cadre législatif n’apporte pas toutes les ressources nécessaires, ni ne résout les inégalités et discriminations. À partir de groupes de travail avec des salariés sourds et d’une centaine d’entretiens avec d’autres travailleurs sourds, leurs collègues, des managers, responsables des ressources humaines, médecins du travail, mission Insertion Handicap et syndicats, nous exposerons les incertitudes qui marquent les relations professionnelles de ces salariés. Nous mettrons en évidence la difficulté à identifier les interlocuteurs susceptibles de contribuer à l’amélioration de leurs situations, en évoquant notamment les initiatives autant que les évitements de la part de syndicats, la recherche d’interlocuteurs à l’extérieur des entreprises et, d’une manière générale, la relecture locale des responsabilités et référents dans une systématique négociation des conditions d’application de la loi.
Continuités et mutations de la régulation paritaire en France
Authors: Tallard Michèle , Vincent Catherine 
Published: June 2016

Les institutions paritaires peuvent être analysées comme des formes spécifiques de relations entre les organisations patronales et syndicales dont l’objet est la gestion d’éléments de la relation salariale déléguée par l’État, ce dernier gardant un rôle plus ou moins important de contrôle. L’objectif de cet article est d’analyser les mutations dans les formes d’engagement des organisations patronales dans la gouvernance des institutions paritaires de la protection sociale et de la formation professionnelle. Ces mutations, qui trouvent leur origine dans les transformations du système productif (montée des activités de service au détriment des activités industrielles), dans celles du marché du travail (précarisation, individualisation…) ainsi que dans les reconfigurations de l’État-providence, ébranlent les institutions paritaires. L’analyse part d’une réinterprétation dans le contexte français des analyses de Streeck (1991), pour réévaluer, à l’aune des logiques d’influence et de cohésion, les formes de construction historique de la stratégie patronale de la régulation paritaire – au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale pour la protection sociale et au tournant des années 1970 pour la formation professionnelle continue. L’articulation de ces deux logiques éclaire également les transformations de la conception du paritarisme portée par le patronat. Toutefois, ce renouvellement stratégique est insuffisant pour protéger la régulation paritaire de l’intervention étatique qui cherche à en faire un appendice de l’action étatique.
Formation professionnelle et régulation tripartite au Maroc : entre volontarisme politique, négociation sociale et partenariat économique
Authors: El Yacoubi1 Driss , Verdier2 Éric 
Published: June 2016

Depuis trente ans, le Maroc connaît un développement notable de la formation professionnelle. Cet article analyse les configurations d’acteurs qui l’ont porté, en prenant en compte la construction de l’État social marocain et du système de relations professionnelles, les liens avec la politique d’éducation et, enfin, l’inscription de la formation dans les stratégies de développement économique. Une première période, courant jusqu’au milieu des années quatre-vingt-dix, est caractérisée par une prééminence de l’État qui confine les autres acteurs à un rôle, au mieux, subalterne. Durant la seconde période, les gouvernements successifs promeuvent, sous l’influence croissante de l’Union européenne, une gouvernance tripartite (État, patronat, syndicats) qui s’avère fort incomplète : émerge une co-régulation de l’État et des employeurs, le premier disposant de la légitimité et des ressources d’un pouvoir politique sans guère de partage, les seconds, d’une capacité d’influence croissante au fil du temps. Considérant le rôle secondaire des syndicats, mieux vaudrait, à ce stade, parler d’un tripartisme supplétif de l’action de l’État. Cette régulation « à la marocaine » trace un chemin original au sud de la Méditerranée, en mettant progressivement en place des forums de débat public où se confrontent différentes visions de la formation professionnelle.
Electrostatic analyzer measurements of ionospheric thermal ion populations
Authors: Fernandes P. A. , Lynch K. A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe define the observational parameter regime necessary for observing low‐altitude ionospheric origins of high‐latitude ion upflow/outflow. We present measurement challenges and identify a new analysis technique which mitigates these impediments. To probe the initiation of auroral ion upflow, it is necessary to examine the thermal ion population at 200–350 km, where typical thermal energies are tenths of eV. Interpretation of the thermal ion distribution function measurement requires removal of payload sheath and ram effects. We use a 3‐D Maxwellian model to quantify how observed ionospheric parameters such as density, temperature, and flows affect in situ measurements of the thermal ion distribution function. We define the viable acceptance window of a typical top hat electrostatic analyzer in this regime and show that the instrument's energy resolution prohibits it from directly observing the shape of the particle spectra. To extract detailed information about measured particle population, we define two intermediate parameters from the measured distribution function, then use a Maxwellian model to replicate possible measured parameters for comparison to the data. Liouville's theorem and the thin‐sheath approximation allow us to couple the measured and modeled intermediate parameters such that measurements inside the sheath provide information about plasma outside the sheath. We apply this technique to sounding rocket data to show that careful windowing of the data and Maxwellian models allows for extraction of the best choice of geophysical parameters. More widespread use of this analysis technique will help our community expand its observational database of the seed regions of ionospheric outflows.
Cooperative Search, Reconnaissance, Surveillance
Authors: Joaquin José , Arrue Begoña C. , Ollero Anibal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCooperative search, reconnaissance, or surveillance with multiple aerial robots or unmanned aerial systems (UAS) is a well‐known topic in the literature. This chapter focuses on the high‐level problem addressing the multi‐UAS coordination, the cooperative strategy, and the coverage path‐planning issues. Experimental results and a large set of related references support the provided approaches.
Modeling and Frequency‐Domain Parameter Identification of a Small‐Scale Flybarless Unmanned Helicopter
Authors: Alvarenga Jessica , Vitzilaios Nikolaos I. , Rutherford Matthew J. , Valavanis Kimon P. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Design of robust and reliable flight controllers for unmanned rotorcraft requires a high‐fidelity model. This chapter presents the process of model identification of a small‐scale flybarless unmanned helicopter through frequency‐domain methods and the use of Comprehensive Identification from FrEquency Response (CIFER) software. First, the design of flight tests, data collection requirements, and considerations for unmanned rotorcraft are presented. The process of model linearization is presented, resulting in a final linear model structure. Next, frequency‐domain analysis is discussed, including criteria for selection of response pairs. The results for the DU
2
SRI Bergen helicopter are presented. Lastly, the process of model validation is discussed.
Metal‐organic framework membrane process for high purity CO2 production
Authors: Rui Zebao , James Joshua B. , Kasik Alexandra , Lin Y. S. 
Published: June 2016

SignificanceGas separation by metal‐organic framework (MOF) membranes is an emerging research field. Their commercial application potential is, however, still rarely explored due in part to unsatisfied separation characteristics and difficulty in finding suitable applications. Herein, we report “sharp molecular sieving” properties of high quality isoreticular MOF‐1 (IRMOF‐1) membrane for CO2 separation from dry, CO2 enriched CO2/CH4, and CO2/N2 mixtures. The IRMOF‐1 membranes exhibit CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2 separation factors of 328 and 410 with CO2 permeance of 2.55 × 10−7 and 2.06 × 10−7 mol m−2 s−1 Pa−1 at feed pressure of 505 kPa and 298 K, respectively. High grade CO2 is efficiently produced from the industrial or lower grade CO2 feed gas by this MOF membrane separation process. The demonstrated “sharp molecular sieving” properties of the MOF membranes and their potential application in production of value‐added high purity CO2 should bring new research and development interest in this field. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 3836–3841, 2016
Lifestyle mediates seasonal changes in metabolic health among the yakut (sakha) of northeastern siberia
Authors: Levy Stephanie B. , Leonard William R. , Tarskaia Larissa A. , Klimova Tatiana M. , Fedorova Valentina I. , Baltakhinova Marina E. , Josh Snodgrass J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesAmong indigenous circumpolar populations, extreme seasonality influences food availability and energy metabolism. Furthermore, subsistence patterns and wage labor opportunities shift with season. Thus, health measures among circumpolar populations likely exhibit seasonal changes that are influenced by lifestyle factors. This study examines how markers of cardio‐metabolic health vary between summer and winter as a function of an individual's lifestyle and sex among the Yakut of northeastern Siberia.MethodsAnthropometric dimensions, serum lipids and glucose levels, blood pressure, and lifestyle data were collected for a sample of 115 Yakut participants (71 women, 44 men) in Berdygestiakh, Sakha Republic, Russia in the summer of 2009 and winter of 2011.ResultsMen and women experienced significant increases in total and HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels from summer to winter. Women exhibited winter‐time increases in adiposity and glucose levels. Men who reported greater market integration were more likely to have lower winter blood pressure levels. Additionally, time spent fishing was associated with lower winter‐time LDL cholesterol, while foraging time was associated with higher HDL cholesterol.ConclusionsWhile seasonal changes in anthropometric dimensions were modest, Yakut men and women experienced significant increases in total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol from summer to winter. These results also suggest that while Yakut individuals with greater subsistence participation are more buffered from adverse seasonal changes in cholesterol levels, they may be at a greater risk for winter increases in blood pressure. Furthermore, the interactions between lifestyle and seasonal change in metabolic health appear to differ between Yakut women and men. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 28:868–878, 2016. © 2016Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
[CrF(O2CtBu)2]9: Synthesis and Characterization of a Regular Homometallic Ring with an Odd Number of Metal Centers and Electrons
Authors: Woolfson Robert J. , Timco Grigore A. , Chiesa Alessandro , Vitorica‐Yrezabal Inigo J. , Tuna Floriana , Guidi Tatiana , Pavarini Eva , Santini Paolo , Carretta Stefano , Winpenny Richard E. P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe first regular homometallic ring containing an odd number of metal centers is reported. The ring was synthesized by means of amine‐templated self‐assembly. Extensive physical characterization studies, including magnetic measurements, powder inelastic neutron scattering (INS), and DFT calculations, show that the molecule has a near perfect match to the expected behavior for a frustrated system with the lowest energy pair of S=1/2 spin states separated by only 0.1 meV (0.8 cm−1).
Organolead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Branched Capping Ligands Control Crystal Size and Stability
Authors: Luo Binbin , Pu Ying‐Chih , Lindley Sarah A. , Yang Yi , Lu Liqiang , Li Yat , Li Xueming , Zhang Jin Z. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs) of different sizes (ca. 2.5–100 nm) with high photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY; ca. 15–55 %) and product yield have been synthesized using the branched molecules, APTES and NH2‐POSS, as capping ligands. These ligands are sterically hindered, resulting in a uniform size of PNCs. The different capping effects resulting from branched versus straight‐chain capping ligands were compared and a possible mechanism proposed to explain the dissolution–precipitation process, which affects the growth and aggregation of PNCs, and thereby their overall stability. Unlike conventional PNCs capped with straight‐chain ligands, APTES‐capped PNCs show high stability in protic solvents as a result of the strong steric hindrance and propensity for hydrolysis of APTES, which prevent such molecules from reaching and reacting with the core of PNCs.
Bacterial Alkaloids Prevent Amoebal Predation
Authors: Klapper Martin , Götze Sebastian , Barnett Robert , Willing Karsten , Stallforth Pierre 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBacterial defense mechanisms have evolved to protect bacteria against predation by nematodes, predatory bacteria, or amoebae. We identified novel bacterial alkaloids (pyreudiones A–D) that protect the producer, Pseudomonas fluorescens HKI0770, against amoebal predation. Isolation, structure elucidation, total synthesis, and a proposed biosynthetic pathway for these structures are presented. The generation of P. fluorescens gene‐deletion mutants unable to produce pyreudiones rendered the bacterium edible to a variety of soil‐dwelling amoebae.
Total Synthesis of Calophyline A
Authors: Li Guang , Xie Xiaoni , Zu Liansuo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractReported herein is the total synthesis of calophyline A, an indoline natural product possessing distinct ring connectivity which has not been synthesized previously. The synthetic route features several key transformations, including an aza‐pinacol rearrangement to construct the nitrogen‐containing bridged [3.2.2] bicycle, a Heck cyclization to assemble the fused 6/5/6/5 ring system, and a challenging late‐stage aldol reaction to generate both a neopentyl quaternary stereogenic center and an oxygen‐containing bridged [3.2.1] bicycle.
Reciprocating (More) Specifically to You: The Role of Benefactor's Identifiability on Direct and Upstream Reciprocity
Authors: Halali Eliran , Kogut Tehila , Ritov Ilana 
Published: June 2016

AbstractResearch suggests that benefiting from someone's voluntary, intentional, costly effort encourages reciprocal prosocial behavior, as well as promoting upstream reciprocity, that is, increases reciprocal actions by the recipient for the benefit of an unrelated third party. The current study examines the role of the identifiability of the benefactor in determining the extent to which people engage in direct and upstream reciprocity. Results of three studies reveal that while an identified benefactor tends to engender greater direct reciprocal reactions than an unidentified one, this strong reaction toward the identified benefactor does not hold to the same extent when upstream reciprocity is considered (regardless of identification of the third party). On the other hand, when the benefactor is unidentified, levels of direct and upstream reciprocity remain similar. Moderated‐mediation analysis suggests that ethical commitment associated with the universal norm of reciprocity explains the decrease in prosociality between reactions toward the benefactor himself or herself and toward a third party under the identified condition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute alcohol exposure during mouse gastrulation alters lipid metabolism in placental and heart development: Folate prevention
Authors: Linask Kersti K. , Han Mingda 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundEmbryonic acute exposure to ethanol (EtOH), lithium, and homocysteine (HCy) induces cardiac defects at the time of exposure; folic acid (FA) supplementation protects normal cardiogenesis (Han et al., , ; Serrano et al., ). Our hypothesis is that EtOH exposure and FA protection relate to lipid and FA metabolism during mouse cardiogenesis and placentation.MethodsOn the morning of conception, pregnant C57BL/6J mice were placed on either of two FA‐containing diets: a 3.3 mg health maintenance diet or a high FA diet of 10.5 mg/kg. Mice were injected a binge level of EtOH, HCy, or saline on embryonic day (E) 6.75, targeting gastrulation. On E15.5, cardiac and umbilical blood flow were examined by ultrasound. Embryonic cardiac tissues were processed for gene expression of lipid and FA metabolism; the placenta and heart tissues for neutral lipid droplets, or for medium chain acyl‐dehydrogenase (MCAD) protein.ResultsEtOH exposure altered lipid‐related gene expression on E7.5 in comparison to control or FA‐supplemented groups and remained altered on E15.5 similarly to changes with HCy, signifying FA deficiency. In comparison to control tissues, the lipid‐related acyl CoA dehydrogenase medium length chain gene and its protein MCAD were altered with EtOH exposure, as were neutral lipid droplet localization in the heart and placenta.ConclusionEtOH altered gene expression associated with lipid and folate metabolism, as well as neutral lipids, in the E15.5 abnormally functioning heart and placenta. In comparison to controls, the high FA diet protected the embryo and placenta from these effects allowing normal development. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:749–760, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.