bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Communicating austerity measures during times of crisis: A comparative empirical analysis of four heads of government
Authors: König Pascal D. 
Published: April 2016

This article develops a coherent framework for analyzing policy communication; Conceptualizes how policy communication can be understood as a function of contextual factors; Empirically maps the policy communication of four political leaders. Points to the importance of political competition and welfare culture for systematic variation in policy communication. To what extent are political leaders’ policy communications shaped by the context in which they act? This article addresses this so far largely disregarded question by means of a systematic comparison of broader communication profiles. Based on a content analysis, it empirically maps how Mario Monti, Mariano Rajoy, Enda Kenny and David Cameron communicated austerity policies, which meant considerable cuts in the welfare state, during the European debt crisis. The findings suggest that a lower degree of political competition manifests in political leaders’ communication in terms of a more consensual stance. The evidence is also partly in line with the assumption that liberal welfare culture allows for a policy communication that is more strongly based on norm- and value-based justifications. Surprisingly, the expectation that the crisis condition led to a stronger emphasis on the costs/risks of the status quo is not borne out in the data.
The Experience of Family Caregivers of Patients With a Left Ventricular Assist Device
Authors: Cicolini Giancarlo , Cerratti Francesca , Pelle Carlo Della , Simonetti Valentina 
Published: April 2016

Objective: The purpose of this review is to understand the experience of caregivers of patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) and to evaluate how health professionals can support them properly. Background: Left ventricular assist device can improve quality of life, enhance functional status, and prolong survival in patients with advanced heart failure. Nonetheless, LVAD can adversely influence quality of life for their family caregivers. Methods: An integrative literature review was conducted using scientific databases between January to March 2015. Results: A total of 15 studies are included in the final review. Three major themes emerged “emotional distress,” “responsibility,” and “coping strategies” that characterize family caregivers’ experiences with care of patients with LVAD. Conclusion: Health care providers should understand the pivotal role of caregivers in promoting and maintaining patients’ well-being and be able to help the caregiver to moderate the impact being overloaded. Research should be addressed to create interventions that motivate the caregivers to engage in activities that promote their health.
Dimension reduction and shrinkage methods for high dimensional disease risk scores in historical data
Authors: Kumamaru Hiraku , Schneeweiss Sebastian , Glynn Robert J. , Setoguchi Soko , Gagne Joshua J. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Multivariable confounder adjustment in comparative studies of newly marketed drugs can be limited by small numbers of exposed patients and even fewer outcomes. Disease risk scores (DRSs) developed in historical comparator drug users before the new drug entered the market may improve adjustment. However, in a high dimensional data setting, empirical selection of hundreds of potential confounders and modeling of DRS even in the historical cohort can lead to over-fitting and reduced predictive performance in the study cohort. We propose the use of combinations of dimension reduction and shrinkage methods to overcome this problem, and compared the performances of these modeling strategies for implementing high dimensional (hd) DRSs from historical data in two empirical study examples of newly marketed drugs versus comparator drugs after the new drugs’ market entry—dabigatran versus warfarin for the outcome of major hemorrhagic events and cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (coxibs) versus nonselective non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nsNSAIDs) for gastrointestinal bleeds.

Results
Historical hdDRSs that included predefined and empirical outcome predictors with dimension reduction (principal component analysis; PCA) and shrinkage (lasso and ridge regression) approaches had higher c-statistics (0.66 for the PCA model, 0.64 for the PCA + ridge and 0.65 for the PCA + lasso models in the warfarin users) than an unreduced model (c-statistic, 0.54) in the dabigatran example. The odds ratio (OR) from PCA + lasso hdDRS-stratification [OR, 0.64; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.90] was closer to the benchmark estimate (0.93) from a randomized trial than the model without empirical predictors (OR, 0.58; 95 % CI 0.41–0.81). In the coxibs example, c-statistics of the hdDRSs in the nsNSAID initiators were 0.66 for the PCA model, 0.67 for the PCA + ridge model, and 0.67 for the PCA + lasso model; these were higher than for the unreduced model (c-statistic, 0.45), and comparable to the demographics + risk score model (c-statistic, 0.67).

Conclusions
hdDRSs using historical data with dimension reduction and shrinkage was feasible, and improved confounding adjustment in two studies of newly marketed medications.
Transplantation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells expressing elastin alleviates pelvic floor dysfunction
Authors: Jin Minfei , Chen Ying , Zhou Yun , Mei Yan , Liu Wei , Pan Chenhao , Hua Xiaolin 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) is a group of clinical conditions including stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The abnormality of collagen and elastin metabolism in pelvic connective tissues is implicated in SUI and POP.

Methods
To reconstitute the connective tissues with normal distribution of collagen and elastin, we transduced elastin to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). Elastin-expressing BMSCs were then differentiated to fibroblasts using bFGF, which produced collagen and elastin. To achieve the sustained release of bFGF, we formulated bFGF in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NP).

Results
In an in vitro cell culture system of 7 days, when no additional bFGF was administrated, the initial PLGA-loaded bFGF NP induced prolonged production of collagen and elastin from elastin-expressing BMSCs. In vivo, co-injection of PLGA-loaded bFGF NP and elastin-expressing BMSCs into the PFD rats significantly improved the outcome of urodynamic tests. Together, these results provided an efficient model of connective tissue engineering using BMSC and injectable PLGA-loaded growth factors.

Conclusions
Our results provided the first instance of a multidisciplinary approach, combining both stem cell and nanoparticle technologies, for the treatment of PFD.
Reconsidering first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Rotenberg Brian W. , Vicini Claudio , Pang Edward B. , Pang Kenny P. 
Published: April 2016

Background Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is typically recommended as first line therapy for obstructive sleep apnea, but the adherence rate of CPAP is problematic. This study's objective was to systematically review the literature relating to CPAP as first line therapy for OSA and compare it to surgical literature on the same topic. Methods A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines, examining Medline-Ovid, Embase, and Pubmed databases. The primary search objective was to identify all papers reporting the results of (1) randomized clinical trials (RCT) of CPAP for the treatment of adults with OSA; and (2) both randomized and non-randomized clinical trials and case series on the surgical treatment of OSA in adults. A PhD-level biostatistician first screened papers, and then those that met study criteria were retrieved and analyzed using standardized forms for each author. The primary outcomes were adherence rates of CPAP. Results A total of 82 controlled clinical trials for CPAP and 69 controlled and non-controlled surgery trials were identified for analysis. Variation in CPAP use within reported RCT trials were identified, and the majority of patients in the studies would eventually be considered non-adherent to CPAP. Conclusions When considering the numerous patient-related factors that come into play when CPAP is prescribed, the concept of CPAP as gold-standard therapy for OSA should be reconsidered. In many cases surgery can provide a better overall outcome. This study's results suggest that certain patients with OSA may be managed more effectively with surgery than CPAP, without confounding issues of treatment adherence.
Future of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Incidence in the United States Forecast Through 2030
Authors: Petrick Jessica L. , Kelly Scott P. , Altekruse Sean F. , McGlynn Katherine A. , Rosenberg Philip S. 
Published: April 2016

Purpose Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence rates have been increasing in the United States for the past 35 years. Because HCC has a poor prognosis, quantitative forecasts could help to inform prevention and treatment strategies to reduce the incidence and burden of HCC. Methods Single-year HCC incident case and population data for the years 2000 to 2012 and ages 35 to 84 years were obtained from the SEER 18 Registry Database. We forecast incident HCC cases through 2030, using novel age-period-cohort models and stratifying by sex, race/ethnicity, and age. Rates are presented because absolute numbers may be influenced by population increases. Results Rates of HCC increased with each successive birth cohort through 1959. However, rates began to decrease with the 1960 to 1969 birth cohorts. Asians/Pacific Islanders (APIs) have had the highest HCC rates in the United States for many years, but the rates have stabilized and begun to decline in recent years. Between 2013 and 2030, rates among APIs are forecast to decline further, with estimated annual percentage changes of −1.59% among men and −2.20% among women. Thus, by 2030, Asians are forecast to have the lowest incidence rates among men, and Hispanics are forecast to have the highest rates among men (age-standardized rate, 44.2). Blacks are forecast to have the highest rate among women (age-standardized rate, 12.82). Conclusion Although liver cancer has long had some of the most rapidly increasing incidence rates, the decreasing rates seen among APIs, individuals younger than 65 years, and cohorts born after 1960 suggest that there will be declines in incidence of HCC in future years. Prevention efforts should be focused on individuals in the 1950 to 1959 birth cohorts, Hispanics, and blacks.
Scoring System Prognostic of Outcome in Patients Undergoing Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Myelodysplastic Syndrome
Authors: Shaffer Brian C. , Ahn Kwang Woo , Hu Zhen-Huan , Nishihori Taiga , Malone Adriana K. , Valcárcel David , Grunwald Michael R. , Bacher Ulrike , Hamilton Betty , Kharfan-Dabaja Mohamed A. , Saad Ayman , Cutler Corey , Warlick Erica , Reshef Ran , Wirk Baldeep Mona , Sabloff Mitchell , Fasan Omotayo , Gerds Aaron , Marks David , Olsson Richard , Wood William Allen , Costa Luciano J. , Miller Alan M. , Cortes Jorge , Daly Andrew , Kindwall-Keller Tamila L. , Kamble Rammurti , Rizzieri David A. , Cahn Jean-Yves , Gale Robert Peter , William Basem , Litzow Mark , Wiernik Peter H. , Liesveld Jane , Savani Bipin N. , Vij Ravi , Ustun Celalettin , Copelan Edward , Popat Uday , Kalaycio Matt , Maziarz Richard , Alyea Edwin , Sobecks Ron , Pavletic Steven , Tallman Martin , Saber Wael 
Published: April 2016

Purpose To develop a system prognostic of outcome in those undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo HCT) for myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients and Methods We examined 2,133 patients with MDS undergoing HLA-matched (n = 1,728) or -mismatched (n = 405) allo HCT from 2000 to 2012. We used a Cox multivariable model to identify factors prognostic of mortality in a training subset (n = 1,151) of the HLA-matched cohort. A weighted score using these factors was assigned to the remaining patients undergoing HLA-matched allo HCT (validation cohort; n = 577) as well as to patients undergoing HLA-mismatched allo HCT. Results Blood blasts greater than 3% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.41; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.85), platelets 50 × 109/L or less at transplantation (HR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.18 to 1.61), Karnofsky performance status less than 90% (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.28), comprehensive cytogenetic risk score of poor or very poor (HR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.14 to 1.80), and age 30 to 49 years (HR, 1.60; 95% CI, 1.09 to 2.35) were associated with increased hazard of death and assigned 1 point in the scoring system. Monosomal karyotype (HR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.65 to 2.45) and age 50 years or older (HR, 1.93; 95% CI, 1.36 to 2.83) were assigned 2 points. The 3-year overall survival after transplantation in patients with low (0 to 1 points), intermediate (2 to 3), high (4 to 5) and very high (≥ 6) scores was 71% (95% CI, 58% to 85%), 49% (95% CI, 42% to 56%), 41% (95% CI, 31% to 51%), and 25% (95% CI, 4% to 46%), respectively (P < .001). Increasing score was predictive of increased relapse (P < .001) and treatment-related mortality (P < .001) in the HLA-matched set and relapse (P < .001) in the HLA-mismatched cohort. Conclusion The proposed system is prognostic of outcome in patients undergoing HLA-matched and -mismatched allo HCT for MDS.
VEGF-A isoforms program differential VEGFR2 signal transduction, trafficking and proteolysis
Authors: Fearnley Gareth W. , Smith Gina A. , Abdul-Zani Izma , Yuldasheva Nadira , Mughal Nadeem A. , Homer-Vanniasinkam Shervanthi , Kearney Mark T. , Zachary Ian C. , Tomlinson Darren C. , Harrison Michael A. , Wheatcroft Stephen B. , Ponnambalam Sreenivasan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTVascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) binding to the receptor tyrosine kinase VEGFR2 triggers multiple signal transduction pathways, which regulate endothelial cell responses that control vascular development. Multiple isoforms of VEGF-A can elicit differential signal transduction and endothelial responses. However, it is unclear how such cellular responses are controlled by isoform-specific VEGF-A–VEGFR2 complexes. Increasingly, there is the realization that the membrane trafficking of receptor–ligand complexes influences signal transduction and protein turnover. By building on these concepts, our study shows for the first time that three different VEGF-A isoforms (VEGF-A165, VEGF-A121 and VEGF-A145) promote distinct patterns of VEGFR2 endocytosis for delivery into early endosomes. This differential VEGFR2 endocytosis and trafficking is linked to VEGF-A isoform-specific signal transduction events. Disruption of clathrin-dependent endocytosis blocked VEGF-A isoform-specific VEGFR2 activation, signal transduction and caused substantial depletion in membrane-bound VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 levels. Furthermore, such VEGF-A isoforms promoted differential patterns of VEGFR2 ubiquitylation, proteolysis and terminal degradation. Our study now provides novel insights into how different VEGF-A isoforms can bind the same receptor tyrosine kinase and elicit diverse cellular outcomes.
Two classes of short intraflagellar transport train with different 3D structures are present in Chlamydomonas flagella
Authors: Vannuccini Elisa , Paccagnini Eugenio , Cantele Francesca , Gentile Mariangela , Dini Daniele , Fino Federica , Diener Dennis , Mencarelli Caterina , Lupetti Pietro 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is responsible for the bidirectional trafficking of molecular components required for the elongation and maintenance of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. Cargo is transported by IFT ‘trains’, linear rows of multiprotein particles moved by molecular motors along the axonemal doublets. We have previously described two structurally distinct categories of ‘long’ and ‘short’ trains. Here, we analyse the relative number of these trains throughout flagellar regeneration and show that long trains are most abundant at the beginning of flagellar growth whereas short trains gradually increase in number as flagella elongate. These observations are incompatible with the previous hypothesis that short trains are derived solely from the reorganization of long trains at the flagellar tip. We demonstrate with electron tomography the existence of two distinct ultrastructural organizations for the short trains, we name these ‘narrow’ and ‘wide’, and provide the first 3D model of the narrow short trains. These trains are characterized by tri-lobed units, which repeat longitudinally every 16 nm and contact protofilament 7 of the B-tubule. Functional implications of the new structural evidence are discussed.
Optimal Consumption Until Ruin for an Endowment Described by an Autonomous ODE for an Infinite Time Horizon
Authors: Grandits Peter 
Published: April 2016

We give an algorithmic solution of the optimal consumption problem [Formula: see text], where Ct denotes the accumulated consumption until time t, and τ denotes the time of ruin. Moreover, the endowment process Xt is modeled by [Formula: see text]. We solve the problem by showing that the function provided by the algorithm solves the Hamilton-Jacobi (HJ) equation in a viscosity sense and that the same is true for the value function of the problem. The argument is finished by a uniqueness result. It turns out that one has to change the optimal strategy at a sequence of endowment values, described by a free boundary value problem. Finally we give an illustrative example.
The diagnosis and management of acute cluster headache in the out-of-hospital environment
Authors: Crawley Kerry , Brady Mike 
Published: April 2016

Cluster headaches are the most painful form of primary headache and the most common of a group of headaches known as trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) ( Imai, 2013 ). It is estimated that 25 million days are lost from work or school because of migraine each year ( National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2013 ), and a potential cost of £956 million to health services due to service use, and £4.8 billion due to lost employment each year ( McCrone et al, 2011 ). Given the burden upon health services and the wider economy, a number of strategic drivers for enhancing general management of headaches have been produced with explicit aims of reducing inappropriate referrals and admissions. This article reviews the current literature and discusses the appropriateness of non-specialist clinicians working in out-of-hospital, and in primary, urgent and emergency care, such as paramedics, safely diagnosing and managing cluster headaches in the community, while also considering the balance of possible risks and fiscal benefits in doing so. It concludes that community practitioners could safely manage recurrent episodes of cluster headaches within the community, with good referral and consultation pathways being put in place. However, caution should be paid to discharging those patients presenting with first bout of cluster headache without specialist clinical assessment. Furthermore, while there is some evidence to suggest that this community management may be cost effective, this conclusion cannot be definitely drawn without the authors undertaking a full cost–benefit analysis, which was not within the scope of this paper.
Review: The diversity of local cattle in Indonesia and the efforts to develop superior indigenous cattle breeds
Authors: SUTARNO SUTARNO , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI 
Published: April 2016

Sutarno, Setyawan AD. 2016. The diversity of local cattle in Indonesia and the efforts to develop superior indigenous cattle breeds. Biodiversitas 16: 275-295. Cattle breeding are regarded indigenous to Indonesia. In the country, there are three types of cattle breeds: zebu (Bos indicus),Â Bali cattle (Bos javanicus),Â and taurine (Bos taurus). These breeds are farmed for their meat, milk, leather, and their power for agricultural work. Zebu was introduced by the Indians in the beginning of the first century. Bali cattle are indigenous breeds that have been domesticated from wild bantengs (Bos javanicus) in Java and Bali for hundreds of years. Several breeds of taurine were imported in early eighteenth century to be used as dairy cattle. Zebu and taurine are the major cattle breeds of the world; whereas in Indonesia, the major cattle breeds are Bali cattle, Ongole crossbred, and Madura cattle, which is a crossbred of the former two. Primary breeding between species in the genus Bos will result in sterile male and fertile female offspring. However, secondary breedingÂ with a crossbred female will result in fertile offspring. In Indonesia, there are several local cattle breeds of zebu that have adapted to the local condition, for example Ongole crossbred, Aceh cattle, Pesisir cattle, Sumba Ongole, and, the less commonly found, Galekan cattle of Trenggalek. In addition, there are many hybrids between zebu and Bali cattle such as Madura cattle, Jabres cattle of Brebes, Rancah cattle of Ciamis, and Rambon cattle of Bondowoso, Banyuwangi, and the surrounding areas. A crossbreeding of zebu and taurine produces Grati dairy cattle. In 1970s, an Artificial Insemination program was conducted in a large scale using male cattle and semen from several breeds of zebu (Brahman, Brahman Cross)Â and taurine (particularly Simmental, Limousin, Holstein Friesians). The program resulted in more complex genetic mixes. Crossbreeding conducted directly in the field causes a concern since it may threaten the purity of the native species and decrease the cattleâ€™s potential for adaptation, reproduction, and productivity. It is better to conductÂ crossbreeding programs privately in research centers or corporate/large farmers, of which the result can be distributed to smaller farms. â€œOngolizationâ€ program that was introduced in the early twentieth century should be a lesson to learn, because it had led to the extinction of Javanese cattle, while the produced offspring, the Ongole Crossbred, are considered unsatisfactory so that they still have to be crossbred with other species of cattle, particularly taurine.
Exploratory portals of research data in education
Authors: Di Blas Nicoletta 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This paper presents a powerful tool to enhance research in education: ‘exploratory portals’, supporting effective storage, sharing and exploration of large sets of research data. The workflow is the following: data are gathered by a research group; they are then classified according to a taxonomy (the one that best fits the group’s research interest); once uploaded in the portal, they can be ‘explored’ via a combination of faceted search (enriched by Boolean operators) and data mining techniques. The system can thus answer in a few seconds to sophisticated user’s queries that otherwise would require hours; it can save a session’s results and materials for sharing with other scholars or for further investigation. The paper presents a case study of exploratory portal, dealing with data on (technology-based) education. The portal has effectively been used by five different research groups, to run complex investigations of data about technology integration into schools.