bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Upper limits on the 21 cm power spectrum at z = 5.9 from quasar absorption line spectroscopy
Authors: Pober Jonathan C. , Greig Bradley , Mesinger Andrei 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
We present upper limits on the 21 cm power spectrum at z = 5.9 calculated from the model-independent limit on the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium of $x_{{\rm H\,\small {I}}} &lt; 0.06 + 0.05\ (1\sigma )$ derived from dark pixel statistics of quasar absorption spectra. Using 21CMMC, a Markov chain Monte Carlo Epoch of Reionization analysis code, we explore the probability distribution of 21 cm power spectra consistent with this constraint on the neutral fraction. We present 99 per cent confidence upper limits of Δ2(k) &lt; 10–20 mK2 over a range of k from 0.5 to 2.0 h Mpc−1, with the exact limit dependent on the sampled k mode. This limit can be used as a null test for 21 cm experiments: a detection of power at z = 5.9 in excess of this value is highly suggestive of residual foreground contamination or other systematic errors affecting the analysis.
Increase in Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Cases in Saudi Arabia Linked to Hospital Outbreak With Continued Circulation of Recombinant Virus, July 1–August 31, 2015
Authors: Assiri Abdullah M. , Biggs Holly M. , Abedi Glen R. , Lu Xiaoyan , Bin Saeed Abdulaziz , Abdalla Osman , Mohammed Mutaz , Al-Abdely Hail M. , Algarni Homoud S. , Alhakeem Raafat F. , Almasri Malak M. , Alsharef Ali A. , Nooh Randa , Erdman Dean D. , Gerber Susan I. , Watson John T. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
During July–August 2015, the number of cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) reported from Saudi Arabia increased dramatically. We reviewed the 143 confirmed cases from this period and classified each based upon likely transmission source. We found that the surge in cases resulted predominantly (90%) from secondary transmission largely attributable to an outbreak at a single healthcare facility in Riyadh. Genome sequencing of MERS coronavirus from 6 cases demonstrated continued circulation of the recently described recombinant virus. A single unique frameshift deletion in open reading frame 5 was detected in the viral sequence from 1 case.
NUCLEAR FACTOR Y, subunit A (NF-YA) proteins positively regulate flowering and act throughFLOWERING LOCUS T
Authors: Siriwardana Chamindika L. , Gnesutta Nerina , Kumimoto Roderick W. , Jones Daniel S. , Myers Zachary A. , Mantovani Roberto , Holt Ben F 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPhotoperiod dependent flowering is one of several mechanisms used by plants to initiate the developmental transition from vegetative growth to reproductive growth. The NUCLEAR FACTOR Y (NF-Y) transcription factors are heterotrimeric complexes composed of NF-YA and histone-fold domain (HFD) containing NF-YB/NF-YC, that initiate photoperiod-dependent flowering by cooperatively interacting with CONSTANS (CO) to drive the expression ofFLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). This involves NF-Y and CO binding at distalCCAATand proximal “CORE” elements, respectively, in theFTpromoter. While this is well established for the HFD subunits, there remains some question over the potential role of NF-YA as either positive or negative regulators of this process. Here we provide strong support, in the form of genetic and biochemical analyses, that NF-YA, in complex with NF-YB/NF-YC proteins, can directly bind the distalCCAATbox in theFTpromoter and are positive regulators of flowering in anFT-dependent manner.Author SummaryFor plants to have reproductive success, they must time their flowering with the most beneficial biotic and abiotic environmental conditions - after all, reproductive success would likely be low if flowers developed when pollinators were not present or freezing temperatures were on the horizon. Proper timing mechanisms for flowering vary significantly between different species, but can be connected to a variety of environmental cues, including water availability, temperature, and day length. Numerous labs have studied the molecular aspects of these timing mechanisms and discovered that many of these pathways converge on the geneFLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). This means that understanding precisely how this gene is regulated can teach us a lot about many plant species in both natural and agricultural settings. In the current study, we focus on day length as an essential cue for flowering in the plant speciesArabidopsis thaliana. We further unravel the complexity ofFTregulation by clarifying the roles ofNUCLEAR FACTOR Ygenes in day length perception.
Sequence elimination in hybrid offspring of wheat-Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn introgression line Pubing3504 × common wheat cultivar Jing4839
Authors: Xiaoyang Wu , Dan Chen , Yuqing Lu , Jinpeng Zhang , Weihua Liu , Xinming Yang , Xiuquan Li , Juan Du , Lihui Li 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSequence elimination is one of main reasons for homologous chromosome differentiation in common wheat. Sequence elimination can occur in genome-specific sequences, chromosome-specific sequences, and repeat sequences in the wheat genome. Genetic polymorphism loci in chromosome-specific sequences can be used to develop molecular markers including simple sequence repeats (SSRs), insertions and deletions, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Pubing3504 is awheat-Agropyron cristatum(L.) Gaertn introgression line, and Jing4839 is a common wheat cultivar. Assessment of their recombinant inbred line (RIL) population using 120 pairs of SSR markers covering all wheat chromosomes indicated that sequence elimination occurred at the short arm of chromosome 1A (1AS). We developed 13 pairs of new co-dominant SSR markers and constructed a genetic linkage map of 1AS; we found that the segment with sequence elimination is fromSSR110to the end of 1AS. We further developed 10 pairs of dominant SNP markers of Pubing3504, 10 pairs of dominant SNP markers of Jing4839, and 10 pairs of primers designed in SNP flanking sequences to assess RILs. We found that all chromosome segments with sequence elimination came from Jing4839. The sequence elimination occurred in SSR loci, SNP loci, and coding sequences. There was no homologous recombination in the chromosome segment with sequence elimination. We suggest that sequence elimination causes the differentiation of chromosomes and the chromosome differentiation affects the homologous pairing at the chromosome segment in meiosis, which further affects the occurrence of homologous recombination at the chromosome segment.
Divergent leaf shapes amongPassifloraspecies arise from a shared juvenile morphology
Authors: Chitwood Daniel H. , Otoni Wagner C. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPREMISE OF THE STUDYNot only does leaf shape vary betweenPassifloraspecies, but between sequential nodes of the vine. The profound changes in leaf shape withinPassifloravines reflect the temporal development of the shoot apical meristem from which leaves are derived and patterned, a phenomenon known as heteroblasty.METHODSWe perform a morphometric analysis of more than 3,300 leaves from 40 differentPassifloraspecies using two different methods: homologous landmarks and Elliptical Fourier Descriptors (EFDs).KEY RESULTSChanges in leaf shape across the vine are first quantified in allometric terms; that is, changes in the relative area of leaf sub-regions expressed in terms of overall leaf area. Shape is constrained to strict linear relationships as a function of size that vary between species. Statistical analysis of leaf shape, using landmarks and EFDs, reveals that species effects are the strongest, followed by interaction effects, and negligible heteroblasty effects. The ability of different nodes to predictively discriminate species and the variability of landmark and EFD traits at each node is then analyzed. Heteroblastic trajectories, the changes in leaf shape between the first and last measured leaves in a vine, are then compared between species in a multivariate space.CONCLUSIONLeaf shape diversity amongPassifloraspecies is expressed in a heteroblastic-dependent manner. Leaf shape is constrained by linear, allometric relationships related to leaf size that vary between species. There is a strong species x heteroblasty interaction effect for leaf shape, suggesting that different leaf shapes between species arise through changes in shape across nodes. The first leaves in the series are not only more like each other, but are also less variable across species. From this similar, shared leaf shape, subsequent leaves in the heteroblastic series follow divergent morphological trajectories. The disparate leaf shapes characteristic ofPassifloraspecies arise from a shared, juvenile morphology.
Ownership structure and dividend policy in Indonesia
Authors: Setiawan Doddy , Bandi Bandi , Kee Phua Lian , Trinugroho Irwan 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This research aims to examine the effect of ownership structure on dividend policy using the Indonesian context. The most common ownership structure is concentrated in the hand of family owners except in the UK and USA (La Porta et al., 1998, 2000). Family owners hold more than half of the companies in Indonesia (Carney & Child, 2013; Claessens et al., 2000). Family firms play an important role in Indonesia. Another important characteristic that emerges is the rise of government- and foreign-controlled firms in Indonesia. Thus, this research also divides ownership concentration into family firms, government-controlled and foreign-controlled firms.

Design/methodology/approach
Samples of this research consist of dividend announcements during 2006-2012 in Indonesian Stock Exchange. This research excluded financial data because these have characteristics that are different non-financial sectors’ characteristics. The final sample of this research consists of a 710 firm-year observation.

Findings
The result of this research shows that ownerships have a positive effect on dividend payout. This research divides the sample into family-controlled firms, government-controlled firms (GOEs) and foreign-controlled firms. This research shows that government- and foreign-controlled firms have a positive impact on dividend payout. However, family firms have a negative effect on the dividend payout. Family firms pay lower dividends because they prefer to control it themselves. Family firms earn benefit from those resources, but at the expense of minority shareholders. Thus, family firms engage in expropriation to minority shareholders.

Research limitations/implications
This study focuses on ownership structure of Indonesian listed firm. This study does not analyze the impact of other corporate governance mechanism such as board structure on dividend decisions. The owner of the companies (family, government and foreign firm) has an opportunity to put their member as part of board members. However, this study does not analyze the impact of board structure on dividend decisions.

Originality/value
This study provides evidence that ownership concentration positively affects dividend payout. However, there is a different effect of ownership structure (family-controlled firms, GOEs and foreign-controlled firm). Government- and foreign-controlled have a positive effect; however, family-controlled firm have a negative effect on dividend payout. Therefore, this study provides evidence of the importance of ownership structure on dividend decision.
Opportunistic earnings management during initial public offerings: evidence from India
Authors: Shette Rachappa , Kuntluru Sudershan , Korivi Sunder Ram 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to examine the impact of initial public offerings (IPO)-year opportunistic earnings management on long-term market and earnings performance.

Design/methodology/approach
A sample of 150 book-built IPOs over 2001-2006 are analysed based on industry adjusted return on sales and industry adjusted return on assets for six post-IPO years. The quality of earnings is measured in two ways using discretionary accruals and Beneish manipulation score. Modified Jones model is used to estimate the expected accruals and to compute the discretionary accruals for each IPO firm year. Regression model is used to examine the impact of IPO-year quality of earnings on future earnings performance.

Findings
The paper finds that earnings and market performance of IPO companies are abnormally higher in the IPO-year, as compared to the post-IPO years. Similarly, the quality of earnings during the IPO-year is lower than those in the post-IPO years. The results also show that the opportunistic earnings management in IPO-year has significant negative impact on the long-term adjusted earnings and market performance.

Research limitations/implications
The present study is confined to the period from 2001 to 2006 for the purpose of post-IPO analysis for a period of six post-IPO years. Thus, the conclusions of this study are to be viewed with this limitation.

Originality/value
This paper is the first study based on the Indian context to examine the relationship between the quality of earnings of the IPO firm and long-term earnings and market performance.
The relative term structure and the Australian-US exchange rate
Authors: Bui Anh Tuan , Fisher Lance A. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether the factors that summarise the information in the yield curves of Australia and the USA can predict changes in the Australian–USA exchange rate (i.e. the AUD/USD rate) and Australian dollar excess returns.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper extracts the three Nelson–Siegel factors (level, slope and curvature) from the relative yield curve of Australia with the USA to predict changes in the bilateral exchange rate and excess returns on the Australian dollar. The full sample regressions allow for a shift in the coefficient on the relative curvature factor which can account for the impact of the Fed’s changed monetary policy to one of quantitative easing.

Findings
The paper finds that the relative curvature factor strongly predicts changes in the AUD/USD exchange rate and Australian dollar excess returns out to 12 months ahead in the sample that precedes the Fed’s policy of quantitative easing. The relative curvature factor retains its predictive power in the full sample regressions but anticipates smaller exchange rate changes and excess currency returns in in-sample predictions made from August 2007.

Practical implications
The yield curves of Australia and the USA reliably reflect investor’s expectations about prospective monetary policies in each economy.

Originality/value
The paper investigates the predictive content of the relative Nelson–Siegel factors for changes in the AUD/USD exchange rate and for Australian dollar excess returns over various forecast horizons for a period that covers the Fed’s policy of quantitative easing.
Earnings surprises and the response of CDS markets
Authors: Pereira da Silva Paulo 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the informational content of earnings surprises and accounting information in credit default swap (CDS) markets.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper analyzes a sample of 444 US firms and 6,907 earnings announcements. By means of parametric and non-parametric event study analysis, the paper assesses the informational value and the timeliness in the assimilation of earnings surprises by CDS rates.

Findings
This paper shows that earnings surprises contain material information and that CDS rates are affected by the disclosure of obligors’ financial statements. There is also supporting evidence that positive and negative surprises induce asymmetric reactions on CDS rates, especially after accounting for the credit risk of the obligor and the liquidity of the CDS contract. Finally, and perhaps the most interesting conclusion of the study, there is evidence that earnings disclosed during unstable periods lack informational value, in opposition to normal periods.

Originality/value
As compared with similar studies, this paper presents three novel contributions. The first concerns the use of non-parametric analysis in parallel with parametric tests to achieve robust conclusions. The second novel contribution resides in assessing whether the liquidity of the CDS contracts affects the information value of earnings surprises or the timeliness at which the information is assimilated into CDS rates. Finally, this paper also contributes to improve our understanding on the relationship between the business cycle and the informativeness of accounting information.
Management systems audit in the annex SL context
Authors: Roncea Cristinel 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to find answers to the current issue of the audit. What has to offer classical approach of audit practice to help organizations improve their performance? What should be done for the results of an audit of the audited organization to be useful in terms of its managers more interested in improving organizational performance, effective leadership, risk management and assessing the maturity of the organization in order to take decisions and improve business than the information to confirm compliance?

Design/methodology/approach
– Analysis and evaluation of the management systems’ audits findings, conducted in the last ten years by two major Romanian accredited certification bodies.

Findings
– A complete rethinking of audits is required. The audit methods will increase, allowing auditors to use various combined methods, based on audit purposes and on the needs of the audited organization.

Originality/value
– The present paper is describing the current situation, found in management systems auditing and also trying to assess and predict future development possibilities.
Critical incidents of quality orientation in lower and middle management
Authors: Heine Ina , Schmitt Robert , Beaujean Patrick 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present research about identifying critical management behaviour regarding quality orientation in organisations.Design/methodology/approach– In order to describe how quality orientation is manifested in management behaviour, the critical incident technique was chosen. First, quality orientation was defined based on an extensive literature review. Then, critical incidents that represent a behavioural manifestation of each dimension were derived through a deductive approach. Lastly, an expert group consisting of scientists and practitioners were asked to categorise the critical incidents and evaluate their practical relevance and completeness.Findings– The results show that the construct quality orientation is related to the five variables internal customer focus, external customer focus, continuous improvement orientation, systems-thinking perspective, and data-driven. For each variable four critical incidents were developed and evaluated by the expert group. Analyses of the data show fair agreement between the raters with an overall agreement index of 0.38.Originality/value– The results of the present study can be used to support managers in understanding and practising behaviour critical to organisation-wide quality and thereby improving working conditions as well as business results.
The development and initial validation of a new tool to measure self‐awareness of driving ability after brain injury
Authors: Gooden James R. , Ponsford Jennie L. , Charlton Judith L. , Ross Pamela E. , Marshall Shawn , Gagnon Sylvain , Bédard Michel , Stolwyk Renerus J. 
Published: August 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to develop and provide initial validation data for a self‐awareness of on‐road driving ability measure for individuals with brain injury.MethodThirty‐nine individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury completed an on‐road driving assessment, the Self‐Regulation Skills Interview (SRSI) and the newly developed Brain Injury Driving Self‐Awareness Measure (BIDSAM).ResultsBIDSAM self, clinician and discrepancy scales demonstrated high levels of internal consistency (α = 0.83–0.92). Criterion‐related validity was established by demonstrating significantly higher correlations between clinician ratings and on‐road performances, rs = 0.82, P < 0.01, compared to self‐ratings, rs = 0.45, P < 0.05. Discrepancy scores were significantly correlated with the SRSI emergent, rs = 0.52, P < 0.01, and anticipatory awareness scores, rs = 0.37, P < 0.05, indicative of convergent validity.ConclusionsThese results provide initial support for the BIDSAM as a reliable and valid measure of self‐awareness of on‐road driving ability following TBI.
Human rights in occupational therapy education: A step towards a more occupationally just global society
Authors: Crawford Emma , Aplin Tammy , Rodger Sylvia 
Published: August 2016

Background/aimEducation on human rights will place occupational therapists in a strong position to address societal inequities that limit occupational engagement for many client groups. The imminent changes to the Minimum Standard for the Education of Occupational Therapists engender efforts towards social change and will require university‐level human rights education. This education might enhance the profession's influence on disadvantaging social structures in order to effect social change. To contribute to the evidence base for social change education in occupational therapy, this research aims to understand the knowledge, skills, confidence and learning experiences of occupational therapy students who completed a human rights course.MethodsFinal year occupational therapy students responded to questionnaires which included listing human rights, a human rights scale measuring knowledge and confidence for working towards human rights, and open questions. Numbers of rights listed, knowledge scores and confidence scores were calculated. Responses to the open questions were thematically analysed.ResultsAfter completing a human rights course, students had good knowledge and moderate confidence to work with human rights. Three themes were identified including ‘learning about human rights’, ‘learning about structural, societal and global perspectives on occupational engagement’ and ‘learning how occupational therapists can work with groups, communities and populations: becoming articulate and empowered’.ConclusionsHuman rights education fosters the development of occupational therapists who are skilled, knowledgeable, confident and empowered to address occupational injustices, according to these research findings. To develop a more occupationally just global society, education that considers iniquitous social structures and human rights is necessary.