bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of submodules and design of seventeen-level modular multilevel converter using a five-level submodule block
Authors: Diwan Anuja Prashant , Nagarajan Booma , Mahendran Venmathi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Multilevel inverters and various modulation techniques have been proven to be the best solutions to overcome all the limitations of conventional two- or three-level voltage source inverters. In recent years, among all topologies, modular multilevel converter (MMC) has advantages like low total harmonic distortion (THD), reduced filter requirement, fault-tolerant operation, scalability, modularity, transformerless operation, etc. The main application of MMC is found in high-voltage DC transmission (HVDC). This study describes and analyses the performance of two distinct MMC submodule (SM) topologies: the Half Bridge submodule (HBSM) and the Full Bridge submodule (FBSM). Switching pattern is simpler in HBSM topology but it has the disadvantage that it does not have DC fault current blocking capability. Whereas FBSM not only inherently can block the DC fault current but also has advantages like reduced volume of MMC and better performance. Further, having the capability to produce three voltage levels, it can be operated in boost mode. Also, by using a proper switching pattern, MMC can be designed to generate a various number of output levels by using the same five-level submodule block. Out of which 17 level MMC gives the best output. The MATLAB-Simulink model is used to simulate the circuit, and the findings are confirmed for a 17-level output voltage.
A comprehensive numerical investigation of bi-dimensional analysis of PVT system using square channel absorber
Authors: Brahim Taoufik , Jemni Abdelmajid 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper offers a comprehensive numerical investigation of PVT solar thermal performance using the Finite Difference Method (FDM) for both longitudinal bi-dimensional transient and steady state analysis, which is the unique aspect of this study. Likewise, a thorough analysis of the use of two distinct cooling absorber PVT solar collectors is conducted under realistic climatic conditions. The current modeling methodology can be considered a useful tool that enables rapid bi-dimensional PVT system analysis. The findings show that, in comparison to the PVT tube configuration (587 kWh/m2, 178 kWh/m2), the direct flow square channel has more yearly thermal and electrical gain outputs (608 kWh/m2, 196 kWh/m2). Furthermore, the design of directly flow channels has the advantages of easier integration and effective conduction heat transfer between the fluid and absorber panel. A good agreement between the measured and predicted data was obtained once the current results were compared with theoretical and experimental data in the literature.
Flawed Explanations of Mitigation
Authors: Summers Andy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter critiques some existing theories that have been put forward to explain the law of mitigation. First, it clarifies what is meant by an ‘explanation’ of a legal doctrine, and the criteria for assessing this type of theory. The chapter then considers several existing explanations of mitigation that have been put forward by legal scholars, including the promotion of economic efficiency, self-reliance, or co-operation, the theory that mitigation is an aspect of remoteness, and the theory that mitigation responds to demands of fairness. The chapter also assesses the argument that mitigation may be explained by a combination of these principles. In conclusion, the chapter rejects all of these existing explanations, leaving the causal explanation which is addressed in the next chapter.
Puzzles Resolved
Authors: Summers Andy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter addresses three puzzles that arise under the orthodox account of mitigation, explaining in each case how they are resolved by the new account of mitigation developed in this book. First, the conventional language of the ‘duty’ to mitigate, which persists despite routinely being disclaimed as inaccurate by judges. Second, the universal and homogenous application of mitigation to every assessment of loss, which is inconsistent with policy-based explanations of the doctrine such as self-reliance or prevention of waste. Third, the restricted temporal scope of mitigation—applying only after breach—which is hard to square with the focus on whether the claimant acted reasonably. The chapter argues that each of these features of the law of mitigation makes more sense once mitigation is understood as an aspect of causation, triggered by the claimant’s choice to respond abnormally to the breach.
General Introduction
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This introduction outlines Schelling’s concept of bliss (Seligkeit) as antagonistic to the negativity of the modern world, and as emerging from the post-Enlightenment, post-Revolutionary landscape of crisis. It argues that Schelling’s metaphysics refracts in a singular way the co-imbrication of Christianity, modernity, and bliss, as well as the tension between bliss and theodicy at the heart of the Christian-modern trajectory. It then stages two contrasting scenes that help to illuminate the stakes of Schellingian bliss: the foreclosure of bliss through endless postlapsarian toil in Immanuel Kant and the Romantic scene of a non-alienated oneness with nature that leaves possibilities unused in Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Theodor Adorno. Finally, the introduction sketches, via Hans Blumenberg and Sylvia Wynter, the problem of theodicy in Schelling as grappling with the negativity, suffering, and evil inherent in the world, including the systemic evils of global Western-centric modernity such as colonialism, racialization, and enslavement.
Interlude I
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This interlude sketches the nexus of the young Schelling’s theoretical concerns in the early 1790s, rethinking this nexus as intertwined with the movement of his time and with the self-reflection of the modern age at the critical late eighteenth-century moment. It identifies five central lines of inquiry that the young Schelling pursues: the modern epoch and its task; the “pagan” world and the relation between mediation and immediacy; early Christianity and Gnosticism, or orthodoxy and heresy; theodicy and the problem of evil; and the logic of demiurgic subjectivity between Plato and Kant. The interlude emphasizes especially the political-theological question of the legitimacy of world order in the young Schelling; his justification of the Fall in the 1792 On the Origin of Evil; and his early heretical counter-program, including his planned work entitled History of Gnosticism, arguing that the broadly Gnostic tendency of world-delegitimation originates in his earliest thought.
The Demiurgic Subject
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter interrogates the emergence of the concept of beatitude or bliss (Seligkeit) and the antagonistic entanglement between “bliss” and “world” as the dirempted structure of reality in Schelling’s early metaphysics. It argues that, in his 1795 writings, Schelling advances an analytic of the aporias of the modern demiurgic subject of self-assertion. In this analytic, the subject’s ceaseless synthetic productivity and striving for moral purity—the two paths to “absolute identity,” “absolute freedom,” or “absolute bliss”—are underwritten by the Gnostic longing for bliss as the immediate abolition of the world understood as the prison to which the subject is bound. Bliss, however, cannot be produced: in seeking to produce bliss out of diremption, the subject reproduces the world, endlessly deferring bliss. In philosophically legitimating this deferral, idealism functions for Schelling as what Carl Schmitt calls the katechon, re-mediating, via the world’s not-yet, the demand for bliss in the now.
Interlude II
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This interlude sketches a reading of the original cosmic explosion and the duality of forces in Schelling’s natural philosophy as it develops by the year 1800, arguing that the Schellingian subject of pre-human nature—not unlike the modern human subject analyzed in Chapter 2—appears as the alienated subject of endless synthetic production through which the world or universe as the structure of universal diremption is constantly reproduced. The ceaseless productivity of nature and the multitude of natural forms signal for Schelling not bliss but the constitutive unblissfulness of nature, which seeks to return to its ante-original essence of repose and inactivity and to attain absolute freedom from the world, yet remains bound to the structure of diremption and doomed to generate finite products without end. Only in his post-1801 philosophy of absolute identity, the interlude suggests, does Schelling attempt to radically re-vision nature or the All as immediately blissful.
Introduction to Part II
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Part II rereads Schelling’s post-1809 philosophy as a geo-racial theodicy of universal history. Following the collapse of his earlier vision of immediate bliss, this theodicy refracts Schelling’s grappling with the possibility of providence in the face of the darkness and contingency of the modern universe. In response to the ongoing discovery of deep time at what is often taken to be the beginning of the Anthropocene, Schellingian theodicy seeks to reimpose a human-centric providential order on the decentered universe, and to reassert humanity as the universal being at the ideal center of the cosmos. This introduction outlines Schelling’s system narrative as Part II reconstructs it, arguing that, on the basis of the interplay of cosmic decentering and recentering, Schelling envisions universal history as a narrative of a spiral-shaped ascent toward bliss. In his providential, kenotic, and kairotic construction of history, historical contingency itself emerges as the ceaseless divine tribunal.
Interlude III
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This interlude argues that the temporality of the world-process in Schelling is underwritten by his rethinking of clock time as the cosmic ground of salvation history, and of synchronizing the history of global humanity in its directedness toward absolute bliss. With recourse to the clockwork metaphor in Jacob Boehme and Friedrich Christoph Oetinger, the interlude elucidates Schelling’s statements that “all that is is merely the hand on the great dial of the vast clockwork of nature,” and that God “counts and measures by this clockwork.” Taken on its own, clock time for Schelling is fallen time, emerging from the oscillation of cosmic proto-matter; and as inhabiting this temporality, modernity remains caught in the circle of the eternally same. To become the basis of salvation history, clock time must be subordinated to kairotic time. Bliss, however, is indifferent to either clock time or kairotic time, indexing the abolition of time itself.
Conclusion
Authors: Chepurin Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This programmatic conclusion brings together the dimensions of bliss and the sites of world-delegitimation and world-refusal assembled throughout the book: nomadism and mysticism, blackness and hidden divinity, magic and the mysteries, the bliss of lying on water and looking at the skies, and that of the all-consuming revolutionary fire. In dialogue with Sun Ra’s invocation of a “dark tradition,” the conclusion asks whether one may speak of a “counter-tradition” of bliss against the world. It then turns to the foreclosure of bliss by the nineteenth-century capitalist world and the waning of the Romantic impulse of bliss, suggesting that the early Marx’s vision of being-in-common inherits the antagonistic Romantic impulse. Finally, the conclusion contends that the entwined questions—How to insist on bliss without theodicizing it? and How to think the world without justifying it?—index a central philosophical problem that Schelling tries but ultimately fails to resolve.
Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misaligned Pulmonary Veins diagnosed at autopsy in association with novel FOXF1 variant
Authors: Lynch J M , Harley R , Butler D C , Thompson C T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Alveolar Capillary Dysplasia with Misalignment of Pulmonary Veins (ACD/MPV) is a rare disorder characterized by abnormal development of the pulmonary vasculature resulting in intractable pulmonary hypertension in neonates. Affected newborns present with progressive hypoxemia that is nearly always fatal.
ACD/MPV is typically seen in the setting of other congenital anomalies, including gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and cardiac systems. Although the pathogenesis of ACD/MPV is poorly understood, inactivating mutations in the FOXF1 gene have been implicated. We present a case of ACD/MPV with associated gastrointestinal/cardiac anomalies and a novel heterozygous mutation of FOXF1.

Methods/Case Report
A complete autopsy was perfomed. Rapid whole exome sequencing of whole blood was done via reference laboratory.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
A 36-week gestational age male was born via cesarean delivery following a pregnancy course complicated by polyhydramnios. The neonate developed respiratory failure requiring intubation and Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation (ECMO). Further clinical evaluation revealed a patent foremen ovale and ductus arteriosus with right to left shunting. After 18 days on ECMO, he was transferred to comfort care where he later died.
The body was that of a small for gestational age, phenotypic male neonate without gross dysmorphia noted on external examination. Internal examination revealed duodenal atresia, a patent ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale, and heavy, edematous lungs.
Histologic examination of the lungs demonstrated prominent congested veins abutting small arteries with medial hypertrophy within shared adventitial sheaths. The interlobar septa contained dilated lymphatic spaces. Airspaces showed a dense neutrophilic exudate.
Rapid whole exome sequencing revealed heterozygous mutations in FOXF1 (c.182T&gt;C, p.Ile61Thr), NOTCH1 (c.7495A&gt;C, p.Ser2499Arg) and a hemizygous mutation in SSR4 (c.20G&gt;T, p.Gly7Val). The FOXF1 mutation was predicted to be damaging and has not yet been reported in the literature; however, its clinical significance was interpreted as uncertain. The significance of the NOTCH1 and SSR4 mutations were considered unknown.
Given these findings, a diagnosis of ACD/MPV was given as the cause of death.

Conclusion
This case illustrates the classic clinical, gross and histologic findings described in ACD/MPV. Additionally, a novel heterozygous mutation of FOXF1 was identified and predicted to be damaging, supporting the role of FOXF1 mutations in the pathogenesis of ACD/MPV.
Neuropathologic Findings and Electrolyte Abnormalities in a Case of Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome (SCN2a- related) Encountered at Autopsy
Authors: Thompson C T , Khatskevich K , Welsh C , Baker T , Butler D C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Lennox-Gastaut syndrome is a severe form of childhood epilepsy which may be due to several conditions, including sodium channelopathies which alter neuronal firing patterns. We present a case of a 6-year-old female with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (SCN2A-related) complicated by developmental delay, spastic quadriplegia, and gastrojejunostomy tube dependence who was referred for medicolegal autopsy due to death subsequent to becoming unresponsive during a supervised bath.

Methods/Case Report
A complete autopsy was performed, including gross and microscopic examination of all primary organ systems, formal neuropathologic examination, and postmortem microbiology, toxicology, and vitreous electrolyte studies.
The decedent showed evidence of developmental delay and flexion contractures of the extremities. No significant traumatic injuries were identified. A postmortem nasopharyngeal swab was positive for Rhinovirus/Enterovirus and Influenza A H3. A postmortem vitreous electrolyte panel demonstrated a dehydration pattern, including markedly elevated sodium and chloride and elevated urea nitrogen. Gross examination of the brain showed a thin corpus callosum, small hippocampi, as well as abnormal cerebellar dentate and inferior olivary nuclei. Microscopic examination of the brain tissue supported the gross findings, including dentato-olivary dysplasia.
The cause of death was certified as dehydration complicating Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (SCN2a-related). Rhinovirus/Enterovirus and Influenza A H3 infections were considered contributory to death. The manner of death remained undetermined, since it was unknown if the decedent’s natural diseases, issues following a scheduled gastrojejunostomy feeding regimen, neglect, or some combination thereof caused the dehydration.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
This case highlights unique and rarely documented neuropathologic findings and electrolyte abnormalities that may be seen in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome associated with an SCN2A mutation in addition to demonstrating the challenges of cause and manner death certification in cases of severe developmental disorders of childhood related to sodium channelopathies.
Death Due to Embolic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Jolly A L , Love G 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
While most pulmonary embolisms are composed of blood clot resulting from venous stasis, tumor embolism is rarely encountered. We describe an autopsy patient with an unexpected renal cell carcinoma (RCC) who expired after a massive tumor embolism to the pulmonary artery.

Methods/Case Report
A 56-year-old male presented with complaints of shortness of breath and was found to have a large right-sided pulmonary embolism with an incidental finding of a 9.0 cm right kidney mass on imaging. He was subsequently admitted for further management consisting of thrombo-aspiration. The procedure was largely unsuccessful and the patient’s respiratory status continued to decline and he subsequently expired. On autopsy, a 9.3 x 6.2 x 6.0 cm, yellow-tan, well-defined mass was discovered primarily in the lower pole of the right kidney with invasion into the hilar structures. The mass grossly appeared to be invading into the renal vein. Two large yellow-tan emboli were found to be causing significant obstruction of the inferior vena cava at the level of the right renal vein and in the right pulmonary artery. Microscopic evaluation revealed the kidney tumor to be consistent with renal cell carcinoma morphologically and immunohistochemically. Interestingly, all emboli discovered at autopsy are primarily composed of sheets of cells identical to the patient’s renal mass. It is therefore concluded that the patient’s kidney cancer invaded into the renal vein and embolized to the pulmonary artery, ultimately resulting in death.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
Tumor embolism is a rare cause of death. Renal cell carcinoma is a relatively common neoplasm that has been described to present as a tumor thrombus in 13.3% of patients. Of these patients with RCC tumor thrombus, 1% embolize to the right atrium. Our case represents this rare phenomenon and demonstrates why it is crucial to confirm the contents of a pulmonary embolism, as not all are composed of blood components alone.
Giant pilomatricoma with atypical features: report of a case of aggressive pilomatricoma in an adult
Authors: Johal J J , Mateescu V , Dai H , Augustin S M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction/Objective
Pilomatricoma, also known as pilomatrixoma or calcifying epithelioma of Malherbe, is a relatively common, benign tumor of the hair matrix. It typically presents as a small (~1cm), dermal based mass in the head and neck region of children and young adults (under 20 years) with predominance for males, but can occur in any age. In contrast, malignant pilomatricoma is typically larger (1 to 10 cm) and occurs later in life (50-60 years).
Aggressive pilomatricoma is a variant of pilomatricoma that tends to occur in children and demonstrates atypical features such as increased matrical cells and nuclear atypia, but insufficient for a classification as pilomatrical carcinoma. Here, we presented a case of a large (14.5 cm) aggressive/atypical pilomatricoma that occurred in an adult.

Methods/Case Report
A 45 year-old-female presented to the emergency department with a posterior neck mass which has been slowly enlarging for years. Recently, it became painful with sanguineous discharge which prompted her to seek medical attention. CT scan revealed a lobulated, pedunculated mass with fat and fluid components. An excision was performed. Gross examination revealed an ulcerated mass measured 14.5 cm in greatest dimension. Scattered calcifications were present. Microscopically, nests of basaloid cells with scattered shadow cells are present consistent with matrical differentiation. A multinodular growth pattern with central necrosis was evident. Nuclear atypia characterized by prominent nucleoli and nuclear overlapping was identified.

Results (if a Case Study enter NA)
NA

Conclusion
Histopathologic criteria to reliably differentiate between benign and malignant pilomatrical tumors are not well-established. Tumor ulceration, asymmetry, irregular borders, multinodular growth pattern, marked cytologic atypia, prominent necrosis, lymphovascular invasion, and perineural invasion may be used in favor of malignancy. Our case showed focal confluent necrosis, ulceration, multinodular growth pattern, and cellular atypia but lacked other features that indicative of unequivocal malignancy. The resection margins were negative for tumor. Clinical followup was negative for signs of recurrence or metastasis after two years. We presented this case to show the large size that aggressive pilomatricoma can reach and to emphasize the difficulty in differentiating benign from malignant pilomatrical tumors in borderline cases.