bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chemical control in forest pest management
Authors: Holmes Stephen B. , MacQuarrie Chris J.K. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractChemical insecticides have been an important tool in the management of forest insect pests in Canadian forests. Aerial application of insecticides began in the 1920s and expanded greatly after World War II with the widespread adoption of DDT primarily for the suppression of spruce budworm,Choristoneura fumiferanaClemens (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), and other defoliating insects. Significant progress was made in the development of new chemical insecticides and formulations including fenitrothion and tebufenozide, as well as technology for the application of insecticides against various insect pests. However, widespread opposition to the use of chemical insecticides in forest management has led to significant reductions in the number of insecticides registered for use in Canadian forests. Developments in the past 20 years have focussed on new insecticides, formulations, and technologies that seek to limit the impacts on non-target organisms and subsequent ecosystem effects. These developments have resulted in significant improvements in the management of traditional management targets, such as the spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana(Clemens); Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) but also the management of invasive species, especially wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Buprestidae, Cerambycidae).
Deák, István. 2015. Europe on Trial: The Story of Collaboration, Resistance and Retribution during World War II. Boulder: Westview Press. 257 pp. with maps and photographs.
Authors: Boterbloem Kees 
Published: January 2016

Deák, István. 2015. Europe on Trial: The Story of Collaboration, Resistance and Retribution during World War II. Boulder: Westview Press. 257 pp. with maps and photographs. Reviewed by Kees Boterbloem, University of South Florida
Szentkirályi, Endre. 2014. Cold War to Warm Cooperation - The Military Service of Cleveland Hungarians. Egy amerikai város magyar katonái, 1950-2014 (English and Hungarian). Budapest: Zrinyi Kiadó. 290 pp.
Authors: Glanz Susan 
Published: January 2016

Szentkirályi, Endre. 2014. Cold War to Warm Cooperation - The Military Service of Cleveland Hungarians. Egy amerikai város magyar katonái, 1950-2014 (English and Hungarian). Budapest: Zrinyi Kiadó. 290 pp. Reviewed by Susan Glanz, St. John’s University
Lenard, Alexander. 2013. Stories of Rome (trans. Mark Baczoni). Budapest: Corvina. 241 pp.
Authors: Lénárt-Cheng Helga 
Published: January 2016

Lenard, Alexander. 2013. Stories of Rome (trans. Mark Baczoni). Budapest: Corvina. 241 pp. Reviewed by Helga Lénárt-Cheng, Saint Mary’s College of California
Apor, Péter. 2014. Fabricating Authenticity in Soviet Hungary – The Afterlife of the First Hungarian Soviet Republic in the Age of State Socialism. London: Anthem. 228 pp. Illus (Hungarian edition: Apor, Péter. 2014. Az elképzelt köztársaság. A Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság utóélete 1945–1989. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont. 228 o.)
Authors: Schweitzer András 
Published: January 2016

Apor, Péter. 2014. Fabricating Authenticity in Soviet Hungary – The Afterlife of the First Hungarian Soviet Republic in the Age of State Socialism. London: Anthem. 228 pp. Illus (Hungarian edition: Apor, Péter. 2014. Az elképzelt köztársaság. A Magyarországi Tanácsköztársaság utóélete 1945–1989. Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia Bölcsészettudományi Kutatóközpont. 228 o.) Reviewed by András Schweitzer, 1956 Institute, Budapest
Sándor, Klára. 2014. A székely írás nyomában ('On the Tracks of the Székely Script'). Budapest: Typotext. 353 pp.
Authors: Sherwood Peter 
Published: January 2016

Sándor, Klára. 2014. A székely írás nyomában ('On the Tracks of the Székely Script'). Budapest: Typotext. 353 pp. Reviewed by Peter Sherwood, László Birinyi, Sr., Distinguished Professor of Hungarian Language and Culture (Emeritus), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Márai, Sándor. 2013. The Withering World (trans. John M. Ridland and Peter V. Czipott). Richmond, Surrey, UK: Alma Books. 242 pp.
Authors: Sohar Paul 
Published: January 2016

Márai, Sándor. 2013. The Withering World (trans. John M. Ridland and Peter V. Czipott). Richmond, Surrey, UK: Alma Books. 242 pp. Reviewed by Paul Sohar, Freelance Writer
Körner, András. 2013. Egy vonakodó zsidó ('A Reluctant Jew'). Budapest: 2B Kulturális és Művészeti Alapítvány.
Authors: Varnai Paul 
Published: January 2016

Körner, András. 2013. Egy vonakodó zsidó ('A Reluctant Jew'). Budapest: 2B Kulturális és Művészeti Alapítvány. Reviewed by Paul Varnai, Carleton University, Ottawa
Oligomeric Amyloid-β Peptide on Sialylic Lewisx–Selectin Bonding at Cerebral Endothelial Surface
Authors: Askarova Sholpan , Sun Grace Y. , Meininger Gerald A. , Lee James 
Published: January 2016

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder, which affects approximately 10% of the population aged 65 and 40% of people over the age 80. Currently, AD is on the list of diseases with no effective treatment. Thus, the study of molecular and cellular mechanisms of AD progression is of high scientific and practical importance. In fact, dysfunction of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays an important role in the onset and progression of the disease. Increased deposition of amyloid b peptide (Aβ) in cerebral vasculature and enhanced transmigration of monocytes across the BBB are frequently observed in AD brains and are some of the pathological hallmarks of the diseases. Since the transmigration of monocytes across the BBB is both a mechanical and a biochemical process, the expression of adhesion molecules and mechanical properties of endothelial cells are the critical factors that require investigation.Methods: Because of recent advances in the biological applications of atomic force microscopy (AFM), we applied AFM with cantilever tips bio-functionalized by sLex in combination with the advanced immunofluorescent microscopy (QIM) to study the direct effects of Aβ42 oligomers on the selectins expression, actin polymerization, and cellular mechanical and adhesion properties in cerebral endothelial cells (mouse bEnd3 line and primary human CECs) and find a possible way to attenuate these effects. Results: QIM results showed that Aβ42 increased the expressions of P-selectin on the cell surface and enhanced actin polymerization. Consistent with our QIM results, AFM data showed that Aβ42 increased the probability of cell adhesion with sLex-coated cantilever and cell stiffness. These effects were counteracted by lovstatin, a cholesterol-lowering drug. Surprisingly, the apparent rupture force of sLex-selectin bonding was significantly lower after treatment with Aβ42, as compared with the control (i.e. no treatment). Similar results were also obtained when cells were treated with latruculin A (F-actin-disrupting drug). These results suggest that the decrease in the apparent rupture force of sLex-selectin bonding is the consequence of the dissociation of adhesion between the cytoskeleton and the bilayer membrane induced by Aβ42. The major causes of excess mortality in the first group were neoplams (30.6%), hypertension (23.8%), and myocardial infarction (22.6%). The effects of radiation influenced mortality in the second group were 2-2.5 times lower than the first group. Conclusion: The studies of the effects of Aβ42 on the adhesion properties of cerebral endothelial cells and how pharmacological agents (e.g. statin) counteract these effects should prove to provide insights into the mechanism of inflammation in Alzheimer’s brains and the design of therapeutic treatments of the disease.
Clinical Experience with Chitosan Matrix and Cultured Fibroblasts for Burns
Authors: Danlybayeva Gaziza , Zhylkibayev Assylbek , Akhmadeyeva Zhansaya , Belan Elena , Ramazanov Zhanatay 
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Burns are an important public health challenge due to the frequency of getting burns in day-to-day life, occupational hazards, and catastrophes. Treatment of burns is complex and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Duration and complexity of burn treatment require finding new ways of curing and rehabilitating burns. The result of burn treatment plays a significant role in post-traumatic status of a patient and his or her consequent adaptation in society. Chitosan is a natural safe non-toxic product compatible with human tissues, characterized by hydrosorbid, anticoagulant, antibacterial, and wound healing features. The study aims to show a clinical application of chitosan-pectin scaffold with cultured human skin fibroblasts in the treatment of deep burns.Methods. The substrate was prepared by dissolving 3% chitosan in 0.5N acetic acid, which was then mixed with 3% solution of pectin dissolved in distillated water. Chitosan film was formed in a Petri dish for 20-24 hours at 20-25 °C. After drying the film, cultured allogeneic fibroblasts (patent number RK-25091) were seeded on its surface.Results. The results from an in vitro culture study showed that human allogeneic fibroblasts could adhere well and grow on the selected scaffold with a typical morphology. During autodermoplasty surgery, cultured allogeneic fibroblasts were applied on granulating wounds of 9 patients with IIIA to IVB degree burns and limited donor resources. Wounds treated with the fibroblast-seeded scaffold among all patients provided the highest level of re-epithelialization (day 5), in comparison to cell-free scaffold (day 7) and untreated surface of wounds (day 10).Conclusion. Our results indicate the potential use of chitosan for wound healing due to its allogenic fibroblast adherence to scaffolding as well as high epithelization. This warrants further studies on chitosan for use in wounds resulting from third and fourth degree burns.
Metagenomic Analysis of Koumiss in Kazakhstan
Authors: Kozhakhmetov Samat , Tynybayeva Indira , Baikhanova Dinara , Saduakhasova Saule , Shakhabayeva Gulnar , Kushugulova Almagul , Nurgozhin Talgat , Zhumadilov Zhaxybay 
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Koumiss is a low-alcohol product made from fermented mare's milk, which is popular in Kazakhstan, Russia, and other countries of Central Asia, China, and Mongolia. Natural mare's milk is fermented in symbiosis of two types of microorganisms (lactobacteria and yeast). Koumiss’s microbial composition varies depending on the geographical, climatic, and cultural conditions. Based on a phenotypic characteristic from samples, Wu, R. and colleagues identified the following bacteria isolated in inner Mongolia, an autonomous region of China: L.casei, L.helveticus, L.plantarum, L.coryniformis subsp. coryniformis, L.paracasei, L.kefiranofaciens, L.curvatus, L.fermentum, and W.kandleri. Studies of the yeast composition in koumiss also showed significant variations. Thus, there were Saccharomyces unisporus related 48.3% of isolates, to Kluyveromyces marxianus (27.6%), Pichia membranaefaciens (15.0%), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (9.2%) from 87 isolated yeast cultures. The purpose of this study was to examine the bacterial composition in koumiss.Methods. To extract DNA, 1.8 ml of fermented milk was centrifuged to generate a pellet, which was suspended in 450 µl of lysis buffer P1 from the Powerfood Microbial DNA Isolation kit (MoBio Laboratories Inc, USA). Amplification of the microflora was used to determine the composition of a fragment of the gene 16S rRNA and ITS1. Plasmid library with target insertion was obtained on the basis of height copy plasmid vectors producing high pGem-T. The definition of direct nucleotide sequencing was performed by the method of Sanger using a set of "BigDye Terminanor v 3.1 Cycle sequencing Kit with automatic genetic analyzer ABI 3730xl (Applied Biosystems, USA). Informax Vector NTI Suite 9, Sequence Scanner v 1.0 software package used for the analysis.Results. Our studies showed that in the most samples of koumiss isolated from Akmola region (Central Kazakhstan) prevailed the following bacteria species: Lactobacillus diolivorans, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. casei, L. curvatus yeast genus Torula (62.4%) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (37.6%).Conclusion. Thus, the first metagenomic research of koumiss, which was conducted in Kazakhstan, showed significant variations in microbial composition.
Application of Clinical Aging Indicators for the Assessment of Neurological Health via Screening Among Residents of the Almaty Region
Authors: Nurguzhayev Erkin , Iliyev Renat , Mitrokhin Dmitriy , Karimova Altynay 
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Life expectancy at birth is considered to be a primary indicator of public health success. However, an increase in life expectancy is meaningless if it is not accompanied by an equivalent increase in the number of life years without disability such as physical, cognitive, and psychological abilities. The main consequences of disease leading to neurological dysfunction are directly related to issues such as the inability to walk, talk, learn, live in society, or take care of oneself. The objective of the study was to conduct a medical examination of elderly people as a part of the scientific program "Development of a model (program) of anti-aging to provide active longevity of elderly people of Kazakhstan.”Methods. As part of a pilot study, we assessed the presence of the following clinical indicators of aging: cognitive impairment (MMSE test), pyramidal symptoms,and ataxia. We conducted medical examination (screening) among 150 elderly persons in Almaty City Polyclinic #8 and 287 elderly persons in Central Regional Clinic of Rayimbek Area, Almaty region aged 45 and above.Results. The results show that the intensity of changes is directly dependent on the age of the study groups. The cognitive function is the most affected and depends on the age of examinees. The changes are more expressed among residents of Almaty region. The average MMSE score in Almaty was 28.2 (age group of 45-49 years) and 25.8 (age group of 80 and above), and 27.3 and 24.0 respectively in Almaty region. The various symptoms among residents of Almaty tend to stabilize after 65 years, however, the frequency of ataxia continues to grow and increases significantly after 75 years.Conclusions. Considering that important risk factors of neurological disorders are cerebrovascular diseases of various origins (primarily hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes), an adequate treatment of these diseases will increase a healthy lifespan. Furthermore, it is necessary to conduct additional research for possible methods of reducing existing morbidities so that healthy aging can be achieved.
Lactobacillus for Vaginal Microflora Correction
Authors: Saduakhasova Saule , Kushugulova Almagul , Shakhabayeva Gulnara , Kozhakhmetov Samat , Khasenbekova Zhanagul , Tynybayeva Indira , Nurgozhin Talgat , Zhumadilov Zhaxybay 
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Despite the significant progress made in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment, there is still a high rate of vaginal dysbiosis in Kazakh women. The use of antibiotics in the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis contributes to the elimination of pathogens as well as microflora, which can lead to a decrease in local immunity and more favorable conditions for infection spread. The most physiologically safe and promising method for the restoration of vaginal biocenosis is the use of probiotics administered by a vaginal route.Methods. We have allocated 64 of cultures of Lactobacillus from the vaginal epithelium of healthy women of reproductive age and women with diagnosed bacterial vaginosis (BV). Identification of cultures was performed by PCR analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA. Evaluation of biological significance was determined by the following criteria: high antagonistic activity against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella ozaenae, and Staphylococcus aureus; and production of hydrogen peroxide, resistance to antibiotics, adhesive activity. We studied the symbiotic relationship of selected biologically active of cultures to each other and received options for consortiums with properties of probiotics through co-cultivation.Results. Results of genotyping showed that the isolated lactobacilli belong to the seven species: L. fermentum, L. salivarius, L. gasseri, L. crispatus, L. jensenii, L. plantarum, and L. delbrueskii. L. fermentum, L. salivarius, L. gasseri, and L. jensenii occur in women with suspected BV. The highest percentage of occurrence in the vagina of healthy women was L. fermentum (28%). Most strains of lactobacilli possess high inhibitory activity for all test-strains, except Candida albicans (37.5%). 56% of studied cultures revealed high adhesion to human erythrocytes. All lactobacillus strains were resistant to metronidazole, 80% to kanamycin, 57% to vancomycin, and sensitivity to roxithromycin, amoxiclav, ampicillin was diagnosed in all strains. 50% of cultures showed a moderate sensitivity to gentamicin and cefazolin. In a study of peroxide-producing activity, 80% of the cultures exhibited peroxide-producing activity. As a result of sсreening, the 7 most active strains of lactobacilli were selected for development of 10 variants of probiotic consortia. Also, there was increase of adhesive activity in the consortia compared to other components. These consortia can be used for the treatment of BV in addition to metronidazole.Conclusion. The probiotic consortia identified in this study had high antagonistic, adhesive properties, and resistance to metronidazole. These probiotics can potentially be used for the development of biological products for the treatment and prevention of bacterial vaginosis.
Features of Cytokine Profile in Different Age Groups
Authors: Shortanbayev Alikhan , Bizhigitova Beibitgul , Tarabayeva Anel , Nurmuchanbetova Aliya 
Published: January 2016

Introduction. The study of the cytokine profile during aging is interesting because age-related changes of the immune status are usually correlate with the onset of specific diseases. Characteristics of cytokine activity in the elderly can not only detail the pathogenesis of the disease but also help to choose the appropriate therapeutic strategy, which in addition to the therapeutic effect could improve the quality of life of the elderly. The purpose of this study was to examine cytokine levels in older adults.Material and methods. We examined 268 people aged 45-80 years and older. All surveyed individuals were divided into 8 different age groups. All participants were tested for concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, TNF-a and IFN-γ.Results. The study found that concentrations of TNF-a increased with age. For age group 45-49, the concentration of TNF-a was 5.94 pcg/ml. In older age groups, there was a gradual increase in cytokine concentration. In a group of centenarians, concentration of TNF-a reached 20.55 pcg/ml, which is 3.4 times higher compared to the middle age group. Similar trends were found in the concentration of IL-1. For the age group of 45-49, the concentration of IL-1 b was 3.38 pcg/ml, and in the age group of 80 years and older, levels of this cytokine increased almost 5 times. It was found that with age-related there is a gradual decrease in the level of IL-2, and a gradual increase of IFN-γ. The decrease in IL-2 is due to the typical aging decrease in the amount of T-lymphocytes.Conclusion. Thus, our results indicate that there are significant deviations of immune parameters, particularly in cytokine concentrations, in older adults compared to middle aged adults.
The Probiotical Potential of Lactobacilli from Therapeutic Preventive Beverage Kurunga
Authors: Stoyanova Lidia , Kozhakhmetov Samat , Kushugulova Almagul , Nurgozhin Talgat , Zhumadilov Zhaxybay , Bryukhanov Andrey , Napalkova Maria , Netrusov Alexander 
Published: January 2016

Introduction. Kurunga is a dairy drink made of a mix of lactic acid and alcoholic fermentation, characterized by high biological value based on protein composition, amino acid spectrum, fatty acid composition of lipids, vitamin and mineral substances, and physiological activity of microbiota containing lactobacilli, lactococci, bifidobacteria, and yeast. Among the probiotic correctors of normal microbiota isolated from national products, lactobacilli was of particular interest, with regards to a therapeutic – preventive effect. The aim of the study was to examine the probiotic properties of lactobacilli from kurunga.Methods. We isolated lactic acid bacteria strains from kurunga. The isolated cultures were identified using common microbiological methods and phylogenetic analysis. The antibiotic activities of these strains were determined by measuring the growth inhibition zone of test cultures. The probiotic properties were measured as levels of resistance to bile and hydrochloric acids, in addition to the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity using the xanthine oxidase-cytochrome method. Proteolitic activity was determined at the various levels of pH (3.0, 4.2, 5.3, and 7.0).Results. According to the morphological, cultural, physiological, biochemical properties and the genotypic analysis of the oligonucleotides sequence of specific genes, the most effective strain was identified as Lactobacillus diolivorans KL-2 (GenBank database KC438372). The isolated strain suppressed the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Bacillus, Staphylococcus, and Listeria sp., as well as Gram-negative bacteria, such as E.coli, Proteus, Salmonella sp. They also possessed fungicidal action (based on Penicillum, Aspergillus sp, and Candida sp.). The strain was resistant to the action of the bile acids at concentrations of 0.8% to 1.0% and hydrochloric acid. The strain KL-2 possessed a relatively high SOD activity (25.74 U/mg of protein), a low proteolytic activity at a pH 3.0 (4.74·10-3 PU/ml), and high proteolytic activity at pH 4.2 (294.74·10-3 PU/ml), pH 5.3 (330.52·10-3 PU/ml) and pH 7.0 (713.68·10-3 PU/ml).Conclusion. The unique properties of this strain, such as stability in the gastrointestinal tract, the wide spectrum of bactericidal and fungicidal action to the pathogenic species, the relatively high superoxide dismutase and proteolytic activities, and the absence of toxicity, make it a prime candidate for probiotic culturing.