bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A putative spermidine synthase interacts with flagellar switch protein FliM and regulates motility in Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Zhang Huawei , Lam Kwok Ho , Lam Wendy Wai Ling , Wong Sandra Yuen Yuen , Chan Vera Sau Fong , Au Shannon Wing Ngor 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe flagellar motor is an important virulence factor in infection by many bacterial pathogens. Motor function can be modulated by chemotactic proteins and recently appreciated proteins that are not part of the flagellar or chemotaxis systems. How these latter proteins affect flagellar activity is not fully understood. Here, we identified spermidine synthase SpeE as an interacting partner of switch protein FliM in Helicobacter pylori using pull‐down assay and mass spectrometry. To understand how SpeE contributes to flagellar motility, a speE‐null mutant was generated and its motility behavior was evaluated. We found that deletion of SpeE did not affect flagellar formation, but induced clockwise rotation bias. We further determined the crystal structure of the FliM‐SpeE complex at 2.7 Å resolution. SpeE dimer binds to FliM with micromolar binding affinity, and their interaction is mediated through the β1' and β2' region of FliM middle domain. The FliM‐SpeE binding interface partially overlaps with the FliM surface that interacts with FliG and is essential for proper flagellar rotational switching. By a combination of protein sequence conservation analysis and pull‐down assays using FliM and SpeE orthologues in E. coli, our data suggest that FliM‐SpeE association is unique to Helicobacter species.
Concrete and Otherworldly: Reading Kierkegaard's Works of Love alongside Hegel's Philosophy of Right
Authors: Millay Thomas Joseph 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHere I argue that much of the confusion surrounding the status of material aid to the neighbor in Kierkegaard's Works of Love is cleared up once one sees the text as participating in a movement that has a fundamentally Hegelian substructure: from Moralität in Upbuilding Discourses in Various Spirits to Sittlichkeit in Works of Love. As might be expected, Kierkegaard takes this Hegelian structure in a very different direction than the Hegel of Philosophy of Right—a direction best described as an Augustinian ethic that is both concrete and otherworldly.
Filioque, Theosis, and Ecclesia: Augustine in Dialogue with Modern Orthodox Theology
Authors: Iacovetti Christopher 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBy bringing recent developments in Augustine scholarship into conversation with modern Orthodox criticisms of Augustine, this article challenges the polemical Orthodox claim that Augustinian pneumatology logically undermines the doctrine of theosis. Indeed, in Augustine's own case, I argue that just the opposite is true: Augustine's “filioquist” pneumatology is precisely what leads him, ahead of his contemporaries, to advance a robustly ecclesial and trinitarian account of deification. Augustine should therefore be seen not as an opponent but as a crucial conversation partner for Orthodox theology, addressing in advance many of the ecclesiological and trinitarian questions with which the latter has engaged in recent centuries.
Consequences of Linguistic Distance for Economic Growth
Authors: Gören Erkan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper advances a new country‐level measure of ethno‐linguistic diversity, making use of Greenberg's definition of diversity by synthesizing information on the share of different ethno‐linguistic groups in a country's population and, more importantly, information on intergroup linguistic distances derived from a recently developed lexicostatistical approach. I show that this measure captures ethno‐linguistic diversity at lower levels of linguistic aggregation. However, unlike the commonly used phylogenetic language tree approach, I found that these distance‐weighted diversity measures continue to have a strong negative statistical association with economic growth that is not sensitive to the underlying resemblance function between ethno‐linguistic groups.
The Parrot and the Braid
Authors: Cooke Roderick 
Published: September 2017

I begin by articulating a basis for comparison between Flaubert's “Un cœur simple” (1877) and Rodenbach's Bruges‐la‐morte (1891), identifying a set of five close structural parallels between their final chapters. Given these parallels, why do the two narratives end so differently, with a quiet death in the Flaubert and a violent one in the Rodenbach? Donald Winnicott's theory of transitional objects enables an answer to this question. Flaubert's protagonist has a successful transitional object, the parrot Loulou, where Rodenbach's has a failed object in the form of his dead wife's golden braid, and the roles of these two objects help to explain the two works’ conclusions.A transitional object reading further allows comparison of the texts’ representation of religion, both the private shrines of the characters and the public processions of their communities. The distinction between successful and failed transitional objects is tied to the public/private opposition. Félicité, in “Un cœur simple,” and Hugues, in Bruges‐la‐morte, differ from each other in their respective attachments to public and private life, notably in the religious sphere. The same opposition may, I suggest, be connected to the difference between motivated and unmotivated metaphors articulated in conceptual metaphor theory.
The phenylephrine concentration‐response relationship for blood pressure after nasal delivery in children
Authors: Anderson Brian J. , Christensen Lisa K. , Armstead Valerie E. , Bilyeu David P. , Johnson Kenneth E. , Friesen Robert H. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundIntranasal phenylephrine is commonly used to vasoconstrict the nasal mucosa, reducing bleeding associated with nasotracheal intubation or endoscopic sinus surgery. There are few data quantifying either absorption pharmacokinetics or phenylephrine concentration effect on blood pressure in children.MethodsPublished observations of plasma concentration and blood pressure changes after phenylephrine nasal administration (0.1 mL kg−1, 0.25% or 0.5%) in children (n = 52, 2‐12 years, 10‐40 kg) were pooled with those in adults (23‐81 years) given phenylephrine 2.5% (n = 10) and 10% (n = 10) eyedrops. Further pharmacokinetic (PK) data were available from healthy volunteers given oral phenylephrine 10 mg alone, with blood for concentration assay taken at 5, 15, 30, 45 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 6 hours (n = 28). Intravenous time‐concentration data were available from four healthy volunteers given phenylephrine 1 mg and who had blood taken for assay on 17 occasions over the subsequent 4 hours. Data were analyzed using an integrated pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic (PK‐PD) model using nonlinear mixed‐effects models. Allometry, scaled to a 70‐kg person, was used for PK size standardization. Effect was described using an EMAX model.ResultsA two‐compartment model was used to fit PK data while an additional compartment, linked by an equilibration half‐time (T1/2keo), was used to describe effect. PK parameter estimates for the nasal formulation were clearance (CL) 160 L h−1, central volume of distribution (V1) 13.3 L, intercompartment clearance (Q) 25.3 L h−1, peripheral volume of distribution (V2) 225 L, absorption half‐time (Tabs) 6.2 minutes, absorption lag time (Tlag) 1.5 minutes, and bioavailability (F) 0.183. Bioavailability and absorption of the ophthalmic solution were concentration dependent (F 0.13, Tabs 5.5 minutes for 2.5% solution; F 0.15, Tabs 9.6 minutes for 10% solution). Absorption of the oral formulation was slow (Tabs 48 minutes) with poor bioavailability (F 0.0128). The pediatric PD interrogation revealed a baseline mean arterial pressure of 60 mm Hg, a maximum effect (EMAX) of 25 mm Hg, and an EC50 of 10.3 μg L−1. The effect on vasculature was immediate and T1/2keo was not estimable.ConclusionAbsorption of phenylephrine through the nasal mucosa was rapid and similar to the ophthalmic formulation. Bioavailability was also similar to the ophthalmic formulation. The maximum effect (EMAX) in children was half that in adults (EMAX 50 mm Hg).
Comprehensive description of genomewide nucleotide and structural variation in short‐season soya bean
Authors: Torkamaneh Davoud , Laroche Jérôme , Tardivel Aurélie , O'Donoughue Louise , Cober Elroy , Rajcan Istvan , Belzile François 
Published: September 2017

SummaryNext‐generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics tools have greatly facilitated the characterization of nucleotide variation; nonetheless, an exhaustive description of both SNP haplotype diversity and of structural variation remains elusive in most species. In this study, we sequenced a representative set of 102 short‐season soya beans and achieved an extensive coverage of both nucleotide diversity and structural variation (SV). We called close to 5M sequence variants (SNPs, MNPs and indels) and noticed that the number of unique haplotypes had plateaued within this set of germplasm (1.7M tag SNPs). This data set proved highly accurate (98.6%) based on a comparison of called genotypes at loci shared with a SNP array. We used this catalogue of SNPs as a reference panel to impute missing genotypes at untyped loci in data sets derived from lower density genotyping tools (150 K GBS‐derived SNPs/530 samples). After imputation, 96.4% of the missing genotypes imputed in this fashion proved to be accurate. Using a combination of three bioinformatics pipelines, we uncovered ~92 K SVs (deletions, insertions, inversions, duplications, CNVs and translocations) and estimated that over 90% of these were accurate. Finally, we noticed that the duplication of certain genomic regions explained much of the residual heterozygosity at SNP loci in otherwise highly inbred soya bean accessions. This is the first time that a comprehensive description of both SNP haplotype diversity and SV has been achieved within a regionally relevant subset of a major crop.
OsASR2 regulates the expression of a defence‐related gene, Os2H16, by targeting the GT‐1 cis‐element
Authors: Li Ning , Wei Shutong , Chen Jing , Yang Fangfang , Kong Lingguang , Chen Cuixia , Ding Xinhua , Chu Zhaohui 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe GT‐1 cis‐element widely exists in many plant gene promoters. However, the molecular mechanism that underlies the response of the GT‐1 cis‐element to abiotic and biotic stresses remains elusive in rice. We previously isolated a rice short‐chain peptide‐encoding gene, Os2H16, and demonstrated that it plays important roles in both disease resistance and drought tolerance. Here, we conducted a promoter assay of Os2H16 and identified GT‐1 as an important cis‐element that mediates Os2H16 expression in response to pathogen attack and osmotic stress. Using the repeated GT‐1 as bait, we characterized an abscisic acid, stress and ripening 2 (ASR2) protein from yeast‐one hybridization screening. Sequence alignments showed that the carboxy‐terminal domain of OsASR2 containing residues 80–138 was the DNA‐binding domain. Furthermore, we identified that OsASR2 was specifically bound to GT‐1 and activated the expression of the target gene Os2H16, as well as GFP driven by the chimeric promoter of 2 × GT‐1‐35S mini construct. Additionally, the expression of OsASR2 was elevated by pathogens and osmotic stress challenges. Overexpression of OsASR2 enhanced the resistance against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Rhizoctonia solani, and tolerance to drought in rice. These results suggest that the interaction between OsASR2 and GT‐1 plays an important role in the crosstalk of the response of rice to biotic and abiotic stresses.
Antioxidant Consumption is Associated with Decreased Odds of Congenital Limb Deficiencies
Authors: Pace Nelson D. , Desrosiers Tania A. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Shaw Gary M. , Olshan Andrew F. , Siega‐Riz Anna Maria ,   the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundApproximately 1 in 2000 infants is born with a limb deficiency in the US. Research has shown that women's periconceptional diet and use of vitamin supplements can affect risk of birth defects. We investigated whether maternal consumption of nutritional antioxidants was associated with occurrence of transverse limb deficiency (TLD) and longitudinal limb deficiencies (LLD).MethodsWe analysed case–control data from mothers and their singleton infants with TLD (n = 566), LLD (n = 339), or no malformation (controls; n = 9384) in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (1997–2009). Using a modified food frequency, we estimated usual pre‐pregnancy antioxidant consumption by total fruit and vegetable consumption (in grams) grouped into tertiles, and cumulative antioxidant score (ranging from 1 to 10) based on consumption of three antioxidants: beta‐carotene, lycopene, and lutein. We estimated odds ratios (OR) adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, alcohol use, body mass index, and total energy.ResultsCompared to women in the lowest tertile of fruit and vegetable consumption, women in the highest tertile were less likely to have infants with TLD (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.57, 0.96) or LLD (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.59, 1.13). Compared to the lowest antioxidant consumption score of 1, those with the highest score of 10 had ORs of 0.68 (95% CI 0.48, 0.95) for TLD and 0.77 (95% CI 0.50, 1.17) for LLD.ConclusionsDietary intake of antioxidants was associated with reduced odds of limb deficiencies. These findings add further evidence for women's periconceptional diet reducing occurrence of some birth defects.
Perceptions of family caregivers of cancer patients about the challenges of caregiving: a qualitative study
Authors: Nemati Shahnaz , Rassouli Maryam , Ilkhani Mahnaz , Baghestani Ahmad Reza 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundThe experience of caring for a family member with cancer is associated with several care‐related problems and challenges for the caregiver. The comprehensive and in‐depth understanding of the trials and tribulations of caregiving can be a step towards resolving the problems faced by family caregivers of these patients.AimThe present study aimed to explore challenges faced by Iranian family caregivers of cancer patients.Materials and methodsThe present qualitative study was conducted through in‐depth semi‐structured interviews held with 21 family caregivers of cancer patients selected through purposive sampling. Interviews continued until saturation of data. All interviews were recorded, transcribed and analysed through conventional content analysis.FindingThe codes extracted from interviews produced four main themes, including ‘confusion’, ‘uncertainty’, ‘disintegration’ and ‘setback’, which collectively caused suffering for family caregivers.ConclusionCare provided in an atmosphere of suffering and discontent diminishes caregiver's quality of life and quality of patient care. Health planners should therefore consider the challenges and sufferings faced by family caregivers and should seek to obviate them through appropriate plans.
Parent Caring Response Scoring System: development and psychometric evaluation in the context of childhood cancer‐related port starts
Authors: Bai Jinbing , Swanson Kristen , Harper Felicity W.K. , Penner Louis A. , Santacroce Sheila J. 
Published: September 2017

RationaleMultiple observational coding systems have been developed and validated to assess parent–child interactions during painful procedures. Most of these coding systems are neither theory‐based nor do they well represent parent nonverbal behaviours.AimsDevelop the Parent Caring Response Scoring System (P‐CaReSS) based on Swanson's Theory of Caring and test its psychometric properties in children in cancer port starts.MethodsA hybrid approach of inductive and deductive coding was used to formulate the preliminary observational codes for the P‐CaReSS. Twenty‐nine children, each with one video‐recording of port start available, were selected from the parent study (R01CA138981) to refine the P‐CaReSS, train coders and test inter‐rater reliability. Videos of another 43 children were used to evaluate the construct validity of P‐CaReSS. Per cent agreement and Cohen's kappa were used to present the inter‐rater reliability. Spearman rank‐order correlations were used to report the construct validity.ResultsThe 18‐item P‐CaReSS includes three types of parent behaviours: verbal, nonverbal and emotional behaviours. These parent interaction behaviours comprise five caring domains – knowing, being with, doing for, enabling, and maintaining belief – and one noncaring domain. On average the per cent agreement was 0.82 for the P‐CaReSS overall, with average per cent agreements above 0.80 for both verbal and nonverbal behaviours. Kappa coefficient was 0.81 for the emotional behaviour. The behavioural codes in the P‐CaReSS showed significant correlations with independent ratings of parent distress, child distress and child cooperation.ConclusionsThe P‐CaReSS is a promising tool that can be used to evaluate parent verbal, nonverbal and emotional behaviours during cancer‐related port starts. This observational tool can be used to guide the development of nursing interventions to help parents caring for their child during cancer procedures.
Ulurumyiidae – a new family of calyptrate flies (Diptera)
Authors: Michelsen Verner , Pape Thomas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new monotypic and monospecific family Ulurumyiidae fam.n., type genus Ulurumyia gen.n., is erected for the species Ulurumyia macalpinei sp.n. from southeastern Australia. The family is unambiguously a member of the superfamily Oestroidea within Calyptratae, and available evidence supports noninclusion in any of the known families, but phylogenetic affinities are otherwise obscure. The species is a coprophage with obligate lecithotrophic unilarviparity, known to breed in cow dung but not known from the dung of any native Australian mammal.
A new genus of hell ants from the Cretaceous (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Haidomyrmecini) with a novel head structure
Authors: Barden Phillip , Herhold Hollister W. , Grimaldi David A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn unusual Cretaceous trap jaw ant is described from Burmese amber dated to the Late Cretaceous. Linguamyrmex vladi gen.n. sp.n. is distinguished by an unusual suite of morphological characters indicating specialized predatory behaviour and an adaptive strategy no longer found among modern ant lineages. The clypeus, highly modified as in other closely related haidomyrmecine hell ants, is equipped with a paddle‐like projection similar to Ceratomyrmex. X‐ray imaging reveals that this clypeal paddle is reinforced, most probably with sequestered metals. Presumably this fortified clypeal structure was utilized in tandem with scythe‐like mandibles to pin and potentially puncture soft‐bodied prey. This unique taxon, which stresses the diversity of stem‐group ants, is discussed in the context of modern and other Cretaceous trap jaw ant species.This published work has been registered in ZooBank, http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:40D636A3‐4D88‐470A‐BC5B‐85ABFD1A49E2.
Diabetes prevalence and its impact on health‐related quality of life in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Siddiqui Ali Nasir , Khayyam Khalid Umer , Siddiqui Nahida , Sarin Rohit , Sharma Manju 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), assess its influence on health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) among patients with TB.MethodsIn this prospective study, eligible patients at three primary healthcare centres in urban slum region of south Delhi, India, underwent blood glucose screening at treatment initiation. HRQoL scores were determined by conducting face‐to‐face interviews using Dhingra and Rajpal (DR‐12) scale at pre‐treatment, end of intensive phase and end of the treatment.ResultsIn 316 patients, the overall DM prevalence was 15.8%, of whom 9.5% were known to have diabetes, and 6.3% were diagnosed at TB treatment initiation. DM was more common among patients of older age (P < 0.001), with higher BMI (P < 0.001), with PTB (P = 0.02) and with poor psychological status. HRQoL was significantly poor in the socio‐psychological & exercise adaptation domain in patients with DM ˃50 years of age at each visit. Older age, poor literacy, loss in workdays, alcohol use and socio‐economic status significantly predict poor HRQoL scores in patients with DM. Uncontrolled DM patients demonstrated poor HRQoL at the end of the intensive phase (P = 0.04) of treatment and at its completion (P = 0.03) compared to those with controlled DM.ConclusionAddressing screening measures and glycaemic control along with social determinants such as literacy level and alcohol consumption could be an important means of improving the HRQoL of TB with DM patients.
Extensive genome heterogeneity leads to preferential allele expression and copy number‐dependent expression in cultivated potato
Authors: Pham Gina M. , Newton Linsey , Wiegert‐Rininger Krystle , Vaillancourt Brieanne , Douches David S. , Buell C. Robin 
Published: September 2017

SummaryRelative to homozygous diploids, the presence of multiple homologs or homeologs in polyploids affords greater tolerance to mutations that can impact genome evolution. In this study, we describe sequence and structural variation in the genomes of six accessions of cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), a vegetatively propagated autotetraploid and their impact on the transcriptome. Sequence diversity was high with a mean single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) rate of approximately 1 per 50 bases suggestive of high levels of allelic diversity. Additive gene expression was observed in leaves (3605 genes) and tubers (6156 genes) that contrasted the preferential allele expression of between 2180 and 3502 and 3367 and 5270 genes in the leaf and tuber transcriptome, respectively. Preferential allele expression was significantly associated with evolutionarily conserved genes suggesting selection of specific alleles of genes responsible for biological processes common to angiosperms during the breeding selection process. Copy number variation was rampant with between 16 098 and 18 921 genes in each cultivar exhibiting duplication or deletion. Copy number variable genes tended to be evolutionarily recent, lowly expressed, and enriched in genes that show increased expression in response to biotic and abiotic stress treatments suggestive of a role in adaptation. Gene copy number impacts on gene expression were detected with 528 genes having correlations between copy number and gene expression. Collectively, these data suggest that in addition to allelic variation of coding sequence, the heterogenous nature of the tetraploid potato genome contributes to a highly dynamic transcriptome impacted by allele preferential and copy number‐dependent expression effects.