bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Clinical and Economic Impacts of Skeletal-Related Events Among Medicare Enrollees With Prostate Cancer Metastatic to Bone
Authors: McDougall Jean A. , Bansal Aasthaa , Goulart Bernardo H.L. , McCune Jeannine S. , Karnopp Andy , Fedorenko Catherine , Greenlee Stuart , Valderrama Adriana , Sullivan Sean D. , Ramsey Scott D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground.Approximately 40% of men diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer experience one or more skeletal-related events (SREs), defined as a pathological fracture, spinal cord compression, or surgery or radiotherapy to the bone. Accurate assessment of their effect on survival, health care resource utilization (HCRU), and cost may elucidate the value of interventions to prevent SREs.Materials and Methods.Men older than age 65 years with prostate cancer and bone metastasis diagnosed between 2004 and 2009 were identified from linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results–Medicare records. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk for death associated with SREs were calculated by using Cox regression. HCRU and costs (in 2013 U.S. dollars) were evaluated in a propensity score-matched cohort by using Poisson regression and Kaplan-Meier sample average estimators, respectively.Results.Among 3,297 men with prostate cancer metastatic to bone, 40% experienced ≥1 SRE (median follow-up, 19 months). Compared with men who remained SRE-free, men with ≥1 SRE had a twofold higher risk for death (HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 2.09–2.51). Pathological fracture was associated with the highest risk for death (HR, 2.77; 95% CI, 2.38–3.23). Among men with ≥1 SRE, emergency department visits were twice as frequent (95% CI, 1.77–2.28) and hospitalizations were nearly four times as frequent (95% CI, 3.20–4.40). The attributable cost of ≥1 SRE was $21,191 (≥1 SRE: $72,454 [95% CI, $67,362–$76,958]; SRE-free: $51,263 [95% CI, $45,439–$56,100]).Conclusion.Among men with prostate cancer metastatic to bone, experiencing ≥1 SRE is associated with poorer survival, increased HCRU, and increased costs. These negative effects emphasize the importance of SRE prevention in this population.
Cultural models of linguistic standardization
Authors: Geeraerts Dirk 
Published: February 2016

In line with well-known trends in cultural theory (see Burke et al., 2000), Cognitive Linguistics has stressed the idea that we think about social reality in terms of models – ‘cultural models’ or ‘folk theories’: from Holland & Quinn (1987) over Lakoff (1996) and Palmer (1996) to Dirven et al. (2001a, 2001b), Cognitive linguists have demonstrated how the technical apparatus of Cognitive Linguistics can be used to analyze how our conception of social reality is shaped by underlying patterns of thought. But if language is a social and cultural reality, what are the models that shape our conception of language? Specifically, what are the models that shape our thinking about language as a social phenomenon? What are the paradigms that we use to think about language, not primarily in terms of linguistic structure (as in Reddy 1979), but in terms of linguistic variation: models about the way in which language varieties are distributed over a language community and about the way in which such distribution should be evaluated?
In this paper, I will argue that two basic models may be identified: a rationalist and a romantic one. I will chart the ways in which they interact, describe how they are transformed in the course of time, and explore how the models can be used in the analysis of actual linguistic variation.
Textos multimodais na aula de língua estrangeira
Authors: Winter Daiane 
Published: February 2016

RESUMO:Este artigo objetiva analisar o vídeo como um instrumento de motivação na aula de língua estrangeira, considerando a importância da motivação na aprendizagem de línguas. A hipótese é de que o vídeo intensifica a motivação dos alunos. A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa e a fundamentação teórica está baseada, principalmente, no modelo ARCS de John Keller, na Gramática Visual de Kress e van Leeuwen e nas formas de multiletramentos do The New London Group. Para coletar os dados, a metodologia constou de dois momentos: no primeiro, os alunos assistiram a um vídeo do YouTube; no segundo, produziram seu próprio vídeo e postaram no YouTube. A análise dos dados revelou que o vídeo intensifica a motivação dos alunos na aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras.PALAVRAS-CHAVE: vídeo; motivação; língua estrangeira; multiletramento. ABSTRACT:The aim of this paperis to analyse video as an instrument of motivation in the foreign language class, considering that motivation is very important in language learning. The hypothesis is that video enhances students’ motivation in the classroom. The research is qualitative and the theoretical framework is based on John Keller’s ARCS model, on Kress e van Leeuwen’s Visual Grammar and on the concepts of multiliteracy of The New London Group. In order to collect the data, the following methodology was used: in the first moment, the students watched a video from YouTube; and in the second moment, they produced their own video and posted it on YouTube. The data analysis showed that the use of video enhances students’ motivation in foreign language learning. . KEYWORDS: video; motivation; foreign language; multiliteracy.
Avaliação formativa da aprendizagem: a experiência do conselho de classe
Authors: Magnata Rúbia Cavalcante Vicente , Santos Ana Lúcia Felix dos 
Published: February 2016

O estudo teve por objeto o conselho de classe como instrumento da avaliação formativa da aprendizagem. Buscou identificar as concepções de avaliação da aprendizagem que perpassam a experiência do conselho de classe no Colégio de Aplicação da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Toma a avaliação formativa como aquela que favorece o desenvolvimento do aluno, pois se configura num processo contínuo e permanente de acompanhamento das aprendizagens. Fundamentado no método de estudo de caso, foram feitas observações de reuniões do conselho de classe, entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de documentos. Os resultados revelam que as concepções intrínsecas à dinâmica do funcionamento do conselho de classe apontam para compreensão e prática dentro de uma perspectiva de avaliação formativa, e que as práticas de desenvolvimento do conselho de classe revelam a possibilidade de implantação de uma avaliação construtiva e coletiva.
Triaje: instrumentos de priorización de las urgencias pediátricas
Authors: Avilés-Martínez Karla Isis , López-Enríquez Adriana , Luévanos-Velázquez Antonio , Jiménez-Pérez Blanca Araceli , García-Armenta Ma. Bertha , Ceja-Moreno Hugo , Santos-Hernández María , Montaño-Dorado Claudia Josefina , López-Altamirano Dánae , Álvarez-Venegas Gerardo 
Published: February 2016

<p>El triaje pediátrico estructurado es un proceso de evaluación clínica preliminar para priorizar la atención por grado de urgencia, identificar riesgo vital, asegurar la reevaluación de los pacientes que deben esperar, decidir el área más apropiada para atenderlos y optimizar la calidad de la atención. </p><p>Objetivo: determinar la utilidad de los métodos de triaje, Triángulo de Evaluación Pediátrica, Sistema de Alerta Temprana y SAVE A CHILD para la correcta identificación y jerarquización inicial de la gravedad de la enfermedad en niños.</p><p>Material y métodos: estudio transversal de prueba diagnóstica realizado en el Servicio de Urgencias en Pediatría. Criterios de inclusión: ingreso por triaje. Criterios de exclusión: niños ya hospitalizados, ingreso por causa administrativa. Muestreo aleatorio simple. Se inició con la clasificación por un médico pediatra en triaje y asignación de nivel de gravedad (I-V) según The Canadian Paediatric E.D. Triage and Acuity Scale como estándar de referencia. Simultáneamente se recolectaron datos mediante los métodos Triángulo de Evaluación Pediátrica, Sistema de Alerta Temprana y SAVE A CHILD. Los datos obtenidos se corroboraron por un segundo pediatra al brindar la atención definitiva.</p><p>Resultados: se evaluaron 1,120 niños; 560 ingresaron directamente del triaje a una cama de urgencias pediátricas (84.6% clasificados como nivel I, II o III) y 560 fueron revisados inicialmente en el consultorio después del triaje (20.2% nivel II o III). La sensibilidad para The Canadian Paediatric E.D. Triage Acuity Scale fue de 82%, obtuvimos especificidad de 80% y cociente de verosimilitudes positivo 4.16 (OR = 4.99; p &lt; 0.001); para el Triángulo de Evaluación Pediátrica la sensibilidad fue de 81%, especificidad de 87% y cociente de verosimilitudes positivo 6.25 (OR 111; p &lt; 0.001); para el Sistema de Alerta Temprana sensibilidad de 80%, especificidad de 85% y cociente de verosimilitudes positivo 5.2 (OR 92.3; p &lt; 0.001); para SAVE A CHILD sensibilidad de 90%, especificidad de 23% y cociente de verosimilitudes positivo 1.2 (OR 15.2; p &lt; 0.001).</p><p>Conclusiones: el estudio demostró que el Triángulo de Evaluación Pediátrica, el Sistema de Alerta Temprana y SAVE A CHILD fueron instrumentos útiles para identificar y clasificar la gravedad de una emergencia pediátrica; el mejor resultado se obtuvo cuando se emplearon en conjunto.</p><p> </p>
Recurrence of a Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma as a Pyogenic Granuloma Within 1 Week: A Case Report
Authors: Singhal Anshul , Arora Ritika , Sharma Anamika 
Published: February 2016

Introduction: Peripheral ossifying fibromas (POFs) and pyogenic granulomas (PGs) are non‐neoplastic reactive lesions of gingiva that usually affect young females and are usually located in the anterior maxilla. It is possible to misdiagnose POF as PG, peripheral giant cell granuloma, or odontogenic tumors. Histopathologic examination is recommended and is essential for an accurate diagnosis of such lesions, and differential diagnosis is also important because POFs have a tendency to recur.Case Presentation: A clinical case of gingival swelling in the mandibular left second premolar and first molar region on the lingual side, which was diagnosed as a POF on histopathologic examination, is reported. Recurrence of the lesion was seen within 1 week of its excision. The recurrent overgrowth was again excised, thoroughly curetted, and histopathologically confirmed as a PG. No signs of recurrence were seen at the 6‐month follow‐up.Conclusion: This case shows the importance of complete excision of the lesion to the entire depth with curettage of the adjacent tissues for prevention of recurrence.
Spiritualitas Islam dalam Trilogi Kosmos
Authors: Haris Munawir 
Published: February 2016

Human beings are mysterious. Although various studies about humans have been conducted, they fail to totally comprehend them. Therefore, studies about humans are always interesting topics, especially if they attempt to reveal non-physical aspects of humans. One way to look at this neglected aspect is to study spiritual dimensions of humans. Base on their explorations to the Qur’an and hadith, Muslim scholars propose a theory of three cosmos: macrocosmos, microcosmos and metacosmos. Macrocosmos represents the Universe. Microcosmos is human beings and metacosmos is concerned with Allah. These are three cosmologies that Muslims have to find from the scriptural texts so they can understand the central role of human beings in preserving balanced relationships among these three worlds. The Qur’an, for example, gives allegories and signs that Muslims must explore their deep meanings to gain wisdom and get closer to the Creator.
Relationships among Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Rosati Mariel G. , Peters Anju T. 
Published: February 2016

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease in the United States. There are a significant number of patients with CRS who are refractory to standard medical and surgical therapy. Many of these patients also have comorbid allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma, although the underlying pathophysiology that connects these three conditions remains unclear. Objective The goal of this article is to review the relationships among CRS, AR and asthma. Methods Scientific literature that addresses the prevalence of AR and asthma in CRS populations, the effect of AR and asthma on CRS disease severity, and whether treatment of AR and asthma can affect CRS outcomes was reviewed. Results The literature supports the relationship between AR and CRS, but there is no direct evidence of causality the between the two conditions. There is a high prevalence of CRS in patients with asthma and the presence of CRS is associated with worse asthma outcomes. There is weak evidence that treatment of CRS may improve asthma outcomes. Targeting type 2 inflammation via biologics is being investigated in the treatment of asthma and CRS. Conclusion AR, asthma, and CRS are closed related and understanding the associations among these comorbid diseases will have significant clinical implication.
Neuron-Specific Enolase in Nasal Secretions as a Novel Biomarker of Olfactory Dysfunction in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Tsybikov Namjil N. , Egorova Elena V. , Kuznik Boris I. , Fefelova Elena V. , Magen Eli 
Published: February 2016

Background Olfactory dysfunction is a diagnostic criterion for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). During chronic inflammation and olfactory neuronal damage in CRS, it is likely that neuron-specific enolase (NSE) can leak into nasal secretions (NS) and serum. Therefore, we postulated that NSE levels in NS andin circulation may be indicative of olfactory dysfunction in CRS. Objective To evaluate the relationship between the NS and serum concentrations of NSE with olfactory dysfunction in subjects with CRS. Methods The patients with CRS were classified into two groups, depending on the presence of polyps: CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP). A group of age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers served as controls. Olfactory function assessment was performed by using Sniffin’ Sticks. NSE concentrations in serum and NS were analyzed by using the enzyme immunometric assay kit specific for the γ subunit. Results The study included 46 patients with CRSsNP, 25 women (54.3%) and 21 men (45.7%), mean (standard deviation [SD]) age, 34.1 ± 12.3 years; and 54 patients with CRSwNP, 24 women (44.4%) and 30 men (55.6%), mean (SD) age, 37.9 ± 17.5 years. A group of 40 healthy volunteers who were matched for age and sex served as controls. Significantly higher serum and NS levels of NSE were measured in patients with CRS compared with healthy controls (p < 0.001). In the CRSwNP group, both mean (SD) serum (83.5 ± 37.6 ng/mL) and mean (SD) NS (6.1 ± 2.3 ng/mL) levels of NSE were significantly higher than in the CRSsNP group (46.4 ± 7.3 ng/mL [p < 0.001] and 1.7 ± 0.5 ng/mL [p < 0.001], respectively). In both the CRSsNP and CRSwNP groups (but not in the healthy controls), significant negative correlations between NS NSE levels and TDI scores (r = -00.63, p < 0.001 for the CRSwNP group, and r = -0.51, p < 0.001 for CRSsNP group) were observed, which meant that higher NSE was associated with worse olfactory function. Conclusions The study demonstrated a contribution of CRS to NSE and olfactory dysfunction.
The Relationship between Serum Vitamin D and Chronic Rhinosinusitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stokes Patrick J. , Rimmer Joanne 
Published: February 2016

Background An exciting development in upper respiratory tract disease is the pathophysiology of vitamin D (VD3). There now is substantial literature to indicate that VD3 acts as an immunomodulator of adaptive and innate immunity locally within the respiratory epithelium. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) places a relatively large socioeconomic burden on developed nations, yet remains a difficult disease to treat. VD3, therefore, has become an area of clinical interest because it may provide an adjunctive drug therapy option in CRS, thereby potentially improving the quality of life of these patients. Objective A systematic review of the relationship among serum VD3 levels, CRS phenotype, and disease severity by using outcome assessments. Methods A systematic search was performed by using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and EMBASE databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. Studies that measured serum VD3 levels and correlated the measurements to any subtype of CRS (with or without nasal polyps) were included for qualitative analysis. Results Seven articles were included (four prospective and three retrospective studies), with a total of 539 patients. There were significantly lower VD3 levels in the polypoid phenotypes of CRS compared with controls. Low VD3 levels were often associated with an increased degree of inflammation. Conclusion The available evidence indicated that there is a significant relationship between low VD3 levels and polypoid CRS phenotypes. The association between VD3 levels and disease severity and VD3 potential for drug therapy remains unclear, which warrants further research in the area.
Involvement of Staphylococcus aureus and Moraxella catarrhalis in Japanese Cedar Pollinosis
Authors: Otsuka Hirokuni , Takanashi Ikuo , Tokunou Shunsuke , Endo Sadao , Okubo Kimihiro 
Published: February 2016

Background and Objective From mid February to the end of March, each year ∼30% of Japanese have Japanese cedar pollinosis. Moreover, 10–50% of patients with this pollinosis exhibit nasal manifestations in the preseason. These patients have a predominance of neutrophils but not eosinophils in nasal swabs and high carriage of Staphylococcus aureus. We hypothesized that S. aureus or other bacteria and associated neutrophilia were involved in preseasonal symptoms. Methods Cytology and bacterial colony growth were assessed in nasal swabs in the groups of asymptomatic patients in the preseason (PreAsP) (n = 53) and symptomatic patients in the preseason (PreSyP) (n = 60), and in group of symptomatic patients in season (InSyP) (n = 72). Results In the preseason, high neutrophilia was present in only 20% of the PreAsP group but in 47% of the PreSyP group (p < 0.01). Nasal carriage of S. aureus in the PreAsP and PreSyP groups were 79%, 75%, respectively, whereas, for Moraxella catarrhalis, these were 9% versus 25% (PreAsP versus PreSyP group; p < 0.05). In patients with positive results for S. aureus and M. catarrhalis, the degrees of neutrophilia (-, ∓, +, 2+, 3+) in the PreSyP group were larger than in the PreAsP groups (p < 0.01). In the PreSyP group, the magnitude of neutrophilia was greater (p < 0.05) in subgroups with more colonies of S. aureus than in subgroups with fewer colonies. Conclusion Nasal symptoms in the preseason are associated with neutrophilia and nasal colonization with S. aureus and M. catarrhalis. Patients with symptoms in the preseason had improved symptom scores when given prophylactic treatment early in season but had more-severe symptom scores late in season than asymptomatic patients in the preseason. Neutrophil-associated tissue damage related to bacterial colonization may underlie these associations.
Electrocauterization and No Packing may be Comparable with Nasal Packing for Postoperative Hemorrhage after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Kim Dong-Kyu , Rhee Chae Seo , Kim Jeong-Whun 
Published: February 2016

Background Nasal packing is commonly performed after functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). However, nasal packing is associated with higher cost (owing to the cost of packing materials), patient discomfort, delayed wound healing, and concern about toxic shock syndrome. Some surgeons have been performing FESS without packing, but there are few studies that show its safety. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety of electrocauterization and no packing. Methods A total of 490 patients who underwent bilateral FESS for chronic rhinosinusitis were included in this retrospective study, 242 in the nasal packing group and 248 in the electrocauterization and no-packing group. Electrocauterization was performed by using a suction coagulator. Rates of immediate (first 24 hours after surgery) and delayed postoperative bleeding were compared. Patient characteristics, including concomitant disease and medication history, and Lund-Mackay computed tomography score were also assessed Results There were no significant differences in age; sex; Lund-Mackay score; use of anticoagulant drugs; or prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, or asthma between the two groups. In the electrocauterization and no-packing group, there were fewer patients with allergic rhinitis and more smokers. Primary bleeding did not occur in the nasal packing group, but 11 patients (4.4%) had delayed bleeding. Primary bleeding occurred in four patients (1.7%) in the electrocauterization and no-packing group, and five patients (2.1%) had delayed bleeding. There were no significant differences in primary (p = 0.058) and secondary bleeding (p = 0.142) between the two groups. All bleeding was minor and easily controlled. Multivariate logistic regression analysis ruled out significant correlation between no packing and postoperative bleeding. Conclusion This study provided evidence that, in terms of postoperative hemorrhage, the safety of the electrocauterization and no-packing technique after FESS was comparable with that of nasal packing.
Root development and structure in seedlings of Ginkgo biloba
Authors: Bonacorsi Nikole K. , Seago James L. 
Published: February 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The popular, highly recognizable, well‐known gymnosperm, Ginkgo biloba, was studied to document selected developmental features, which are little known in its primary root system from root tips to cotyledonary node following seed germination.METHODS:Using seedlings grown in soil, vermiculite, or a mixture, we examined sections at various distances from the root cap to capture a developmental sequence of anatomical structures by using standard brightfield, epifluorescence, and confocal microscopic techniques.KEY RESULTS:The vascular cylinder is usually a diarch stele, although modified diarchy and triarchy are found. Between exarch protoxylem poles, metaxylem usually develops into a complete disc, except near the transition region, which has irregularly arranged tracheary cells. The disc of primary xylem undergoes secondary growth on its metaxylem flanks with many tracheids added radially within a few weeks. Production of fibers in secondary phloem also accompanies secondary growth. In the cortex, endodermis produces Casparian bands early in development and continues into the upper transition region. Phi cells with phi‐thickenings (bands of lignified walls) of a layer of inner cortex are often evident before endodermis, and then adjoining, additional layers of cortex develop phi cells; phi cells do not occur in the upper transition region or stem. An exodermis is produced early in root development and is continuous into the transition region and cotyledonary node.CONCLUSIONS:Seedling root axes of Ginkgo biloba are more complex than the literature suggests, and our findings contribute to our knowledge of root structure of this ancient gymnosperm.