bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drafting Biological Material Transfer Agreement: A Ready-To-Sign Model for Biobanks and Biorepositories
Authors: Cervo Silvia , De Paoli Paolo , Mestroni Ermes , Perin Tiziana , Escoffier Luca , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Steffan Agostino 
Published: February 2016

Purpose Due to the scarcity of publications, guidelines, and harmonization among national regulations, biobanks and institutions face practical and theoretical issues when drafting a material transfer agreement (MTA), the fundamental tool to regulate the successful exchange of biosamples and information. Frequently researchers do not execute MTAs because of a general lack of knowledge about this topic. It is thus critical to develop new models to prevent loss of traceability and opportunities both for researchers and biobanks, their exposure to various risks, and delays in transferring biomaterials. Methods Through the involvement of institutional groups and professionals with multidisciplinary expertise, we have drawn up a ready-to-sign MTA for the CRO-Biobank (the biobank of the National Cancer Institute, CRO, Aviano), a standardized template that can be employed as a ready-to-use model agreement. Results The team identified the essential components to be included in the MTA, which comprise i) permissions, liability and representations; ii) custodianship and distribution limitations; iii) appropriate use of materials, including biosafety concerns; iv) confidentiality, non-disclosure, and publications; v) intellectual property protection for both the provider and recipient. Conclusions This paper aims to be an unabridged report (among the few works in the existing literature) providing a description of the whole process related to the formation of an MTA. Biobanks and institutions may consider adopting our ready-to-sign form as a standard model. The article discusses the most important issues tackled during the drafting of the document, thus proposing an operative approach for other institutions that face the same problems.
Hijas todas, madres algunas…
Authors: Francis Smith Juliana , Samqui Chang Eva 
Published: February 2016

Desde un abordaje feminista se profundiza en las relaciones madres e hijas visibilizadas y valoradas como apertura a la inclusión y democratización de las relaciones de poder entre mujeres y hombres, así como al interior desde ellas. Se aporta sobre las decisiones de las mujeres en su crecimiento profesional y gestión de conocimientos a partir de sus propias experiencias. El enfoque metodológico fue cualitativo en sus niveles descriptivo e interpretativo con el análisis de 10 casos donde existe la relación madre e hija en su calidad de feministas y activistas del Movimiento de Mujeres en Managua, Masaya y Bilwi, con un corte transversal que corresponde de Junio 2009 a Julio 2010. Se caracterizaron las rupturas de mandatos de género sobre la jerarquización, poder, procesos de identidad y asignación de roles de madres e hijas en instancias organizativas y laborales, se priorizaron los testimonios de las mujeres que laboran en ONG’s nacionales e internacionales. En conclusión, la ruptura de los mandatos de género se han dado de una generación a otra, las madres de hoy establecieron con sus madres relaciones donde prevaleció la autoridad y el respeto a costa del criterio propio. Las hijas de hoy afirman que las relaciones con sus madres son más horizontales y más cercanas como mujeres con consciencia de género. Summary This study is made from a feminist approach in order to make visible and know how to deepen the relationship between mothers and daughters as an opening to the inclusion and democratization of power relations between men and women , as well as from within them. The research contributes to women decisions in terms of their professional growth and knowledge management from their own experiences. The methodology used was qualitative based on a descriptive and interpretative analysis of 10 cases where there is a mother-daughter relationship as a feminist and activist of the Women's Movement in Managua, Masaya and Bilwi, with a cross section corresponding from June 2009 to July 2010. We characterized the ruptures on gender hierarchy, power, identity processes and assignment of roles of mothers and daughters in organizative and laboral instances. The testimonies of women who work in national and international NGO's were prioritized.In conclusion, the rupture of gender mandates have been given from one generation to another; the mothers of today established relationships with their mothers where authority and respect prevails above any other thing. The daughters of today claim that their relationships with their mothers are more horizontal and closer as women with a gender-awareness.
LA ORTOGRAFÍA ACENTUAL EN LA LENGUA MISKITU: ENRIQUECIMIENTO DE LA EDUCACIÓN INTERCULTURAL BILINGÜE
Authors: Morales Quant Ruby , Padilla Brown Marcos , Zapata Webb Yuri 
Published: February 2016

El estudio se realizó en diez comunidades: cinco del Wangki, municipio de Waspam y en localidades de hablantes Tawira de Puerto Cabezas. Participaron un total de 109 personas entre hombres y mujeres. Su propósito fue demostrar que la acentuación es plurifonética y no monofonética, como se ha estado considerando hasta este momento. A pesar de que la ortografía acentual del Idioma Español no tiene concordancia lingüística ni gramatical con la del miskitu, ha sido la base referencial para el estudio, lo cual permitió hacer adaptaciones al sistema de acentuación de la lengua en cuestión. La metodología es cualitativa y participativa en la que se aplicaron entrevistas, diálogo, asamblea, cultos de oración, programas radiales y consultas bibliográficas. Como la mayoría de las fuentes no saben leer se utilizaron láminas y objetos concretos. Este estudio, además de servirle a los docentes de educación bilingüe, les será de mucha utilidad a investigadores de la cultura de pueblos indígenas como la del miskitu, a traductores del español al idioma miskitu o viceversa, porque además de la acentuación se le brinda información sobre el uso correcto del circunflejo, que en muchos escritos se ha aplicado incorrectamente.
ECONOMÍA INDÍGENA EN LA COMUNIDAD SIKILTA, MUNICIPIO DE SIUNA, RAAN
Authors: García Izaguirre Pio Alejandro , Arguello Mendieta Saida De los Ángeles 
Published: February 2016

La URACCAN, Recinto Las Minas ha emprendido acciones de fomento a la investigación en diversas áreas. El estudio Economía Indígena en la Comunidad de Sikilta (palmera), Siuna 2007- 2010, es parte de ese proceso.La comunidad está situada en el territorio mayangna de Sauni Bas, al noroeste del área urbana, río Uly arriba a 33 km, forma parte de la Reserva Biósfera de Bosawás (RBB) y Jinotega. Tiene una población de 155 familias, 780 indígenas, distribuida en 43,200 hectáreas (432 km.2), fundada en 1818, hay acceso por vía acuática y caminos sinuosos.Los objetivos plantean identificar, describir renglones, percepción del pueblo y propuestas para mejorarla. En las metodologías y técnicas se realizaron entrevistas, grupos focales y observación, propias de la antropología cultural, para conocer la cultura económica. La investigación es de carácter social cualitativa con trabajo de gabinete y campo.La economía se caracteriza por ser de “subsistencia y autoconsumo”, basada en la agricultura, siembran (2/3, 3/4, 1/2, 1 manzana, 50, 100 plantas) por familia; además se dedican a la ganadería, artesanía, maderas, caza, pesca y recolección.La cultura no ha cambiado los renglones económicos, antes cultivaban banano, yuca, pijibay, ahora igual, y granos básicos en lo mínimo. Perpetúan actividades ancestrales, esto ha provocado pobreza.Aplican la reciprocidad e intercambio (“Biri Biri”) entre algunas familias, considerado un remanente del pasado, la práctica es selectiva, favorece a estratos vulnerables la distribución de bienes intracomunitarios y que fue costumbre del pasado.Conservan la identidad y es visible las consecuencias en bienestar material, la propuesta indígena consiste en buscar apoyo para el rubro agropecuario, comercio, educación, salud y viviendas.Palabras claves: Economía indígena; renglones de economía; bienestar económico; percepción económica; alternativa económica.CIENCIA E INTERCULTURALIDAD Volumen 8, año 4 No. 1 Erero - Julio 2011 pp.77-95
Conflictos territoriales en la comunidad de Wasakín, municipio de Rosita, Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (RAAN)
Authors: García Izaguirre Pio Alejandro 
Published: February 2016

Este estudio de caso sobre conflictos territoriales en la comunidad de Wasakín, municipio de Rosita Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte (RAAN), fue descriptivo, en el análisis y valoración a dichos problemas hasta el año 2006, se han descrito las consecuencias y propuestas para darle salida al conflicto. Es un estudio de caso de Antropología Cultural, con el auxilio de las ciencias de la Etnografía, Historia, y Geografía para estudiar conflictos ocasionados por el recurso tierra.Los resultados revelan que el principal factor de los conflictos lo han constituido los mestizos procedentes del Pacífico y Centro de Nicaragua, que llegaron entre 1916, 1957, en busca de mejores condiciones de vida. A partir de entonces, se han generado otras olas migratorias (1990), que han provocado conflictos socio-ambientales por la competencia de los recursos, la tierra, bosques, ríos y en contextos de relaciones sociales asimétricas. En lo político, los conflictos han tenido sus raíces en el Estado Nacional por el irrespeto e incumplimiento a los derechos de los pueblos indígenas, al ceder la explotación de los recursos naturales por extranjeros, principalmente por la ausencia de delimitación y titulación formal de sus territorios. SummaryThis study of territorial conflicts in Wasakin community, municipality of Rosita, North Autonomous Atlantic Region (RAAN), was mainly descriptive; the analysis and assessment of such problems until 2006, have described the consequences and proposals to be able to find a solution to the conflict. It is a case study of Cultural Anthropology, with the assistance of the sciences of Ethnography, History, and Geography to study conflicts that are caused by land resource.The results reveal that the main factor of conflicts have been the Mestizos from the Pacific of Nicaragua, who arrived between 1916 and 1957, seeking for better living conditions. Since then, other waves of immigration have been created (1990), which have caused social and environmental conflicts for the competition of resources, land, forests, and rivers in an asymmetric social context. Politically, the conflicts have been rooted in the national government due to the disrespect and violation of the rights of indigenous peoples, by handing over the exploitation of natural resources to foreigners, mainly by the absence of formal demarcation and titling of their territories.
Beginselen van procesrecht en de hoogste rechter: mag, moet en gaat de Hoge Raad ooit in dialoog met het EHRM?
Authors: de Groot G. 
Published: February 2016

Beginselen van procesrecht en de hoogste rechter: mag, moet en gaat de Hoge Raad ooit in dialoog met het EHRM?
Het procesrecht kent diverse instrumenten om de dialoog tussen rechterlijke instanties te bevorderen. De dialoog tussen nationale rechters enerzijds en HvJ EU en EHRM anderzijds is onder meer van belang voor effectieve grondrechtenbescherming in Nederland. Met het zestiende protocol bij het EVRM kan, als het voor Nederland in werking treedt, naar verwachting de dialoog tussen rechters in Nederland en het EHRM verder worden ontwikkeld.
L’association des dimensions de l’orientation sexuelle, du harcèlement et du suicide : quelles minorités sexuelles sont les plus à risque ?
Authors: Montoro Richard , Thombs Brett , Igartua Karine J. 
Published: February 2016

Le but de cette étude était de comparer l’association de l’intimidation avec l’idée suicidaire, la planification et la tentative de suicide, chez les élèves hétérosexuels sans attirance ou comportement envers le même sexe, les élèves hétérosexuels avec attirance ou comportement envers le même sexe et les élèves non hétérosexuels. Un total de 1852 élèves âgés de 14 à 18 ans, de 14 écoles publiques et privées de Montréal ont été interrogés anonymement. Les éléments du sondage ont évalué les dimensions de l’orientation sexuelle, les comportements à risque pour la santé, le harcèlement et les paramètres de suicide. En analyse multivariée, le groupe de référence était les élèves hétérosexuels sans attirance ou comportement envers le même sexe et n’ayant subi aucune intimidation. Lorsque les élèves avaient été victimes d’intimidation, ils étaient plus susceptibles d’avoir des idées suicidaires (rapport des chances [RC] = 2,11, intervalle de confiance [IC] 95 % = 1,52 à 2,92), mais pas plus susceptibles d’avoir eu des tentatives de suicide. Les élèves non hétérosexuels étaient deux fois plus susceptibles d’avoir des idées suicidaires lorsque non victimes d’intimidation (RC = 2,35, IC 95 % = 1,24 à 4,48) et quatre fois plus susceptibles lorsque qu’il y avait eu intimidation (RC = 4,44, IC 95 % = 2,26 à 8,72). De même pour les tentatives de suicide, elles n’étaient pas à risque accru sans intimidation, mais elles étaient presque trois fois plus nombreuses lorsqu’il y avait intimidation (RC = 2,87, IC 95 % = 1,43 à 5,78). La principale conclusion de cette étude est que la différence de risque suicidaire entre les élèves victimes et non victimes d’intimidation était de loin la plus grande chez les élèves ayant une identité non hétérosexuelle.
Le rôle du soutien parental dans la relation entre la victimisation homophobe, l’homophobie intériorisée et la détresse psychologique chez les jeunes de minorités sexuelles (JMS) : une approche de médiation modérée
Authors: Bergeron Félix-Antoine , Blais Martin , Hébert Martine 
Published: February 2016

Cet article explore le rôle modérateur du soutien parental dans les relations entre la victimisation homophobe, l’homophobie intériorisée et la détresse psychologique chez des jeunes de minorités sexuelles (JMS), que l’on dit aussi lesbiennes, gais, bisexuels ou en questionnement. Il vise à 1) documenter la prévalence des différentes formes de victimisation homophobe vécue par les JMS, et ce, selon le genre et l’âge ; et 2) explorer l’effet modérateur du soutien parental dans la relation entre la victimisation homophobe, l’homophobie intériorisée et la détresse psychologique. Un échantillon de 228 JMS âgés de 14 à 22 ans, non exclusivement hétérosexuels, recrutés en milieu communautaire dans le cadre de l’enquête sur le Parcours amoureux des jeunes (PAJ) du Québec a été analysé. L’impact de la victimisation homophobe, du soutien parental, de l’homophobie intériorisée sur la détresse psychologique est exploré par un modèle de régression linéaire avec effets de modération et de médiation. Le rôle modérateur du soutien parental est confirmé dans la relation entre la victimisation homophobe et la détresse psychologique. Ces variables peuvent constituer des leviers pour prévenir les effets négatifs des préjudices homophobes sur la santé mentale des JMS.
Les enjeux de santé mentale chez les aînés gais et lesbiennes
Authors: Beauchamp Julie , Chamberland Line 
Published: February 2016

La plupart des gais et lesbiennes aînés ont été marqués dans leur trajectoire de vie par des expériences de discrimination et de stigmatisation reliées à leur orientation sexuelle. Ces expériences négatives peuvent avoir eu des impacts sur leur parcours de vie et sur leur santé mentale. Même si, actuellement, la majorité des aînés gais et lesbiennes ont et maintiennent une bonne santé mentale, il ressort des études que les personnes non hétérosexuelles sont plus à risque de développer certains problèmes tels que l’anxiété, la dépression, les idéations suicidaires et la consommation excessive d’alcool et d’autres substances. Cet article présente les facteurs pouvant fragiliser la santé mentale des aînés gais et lesbiennes, soit la victimisation et l’exposition à diverses formes de préjudices au cours du parcours de vie, la gestion continue du dévoilement ou de la dissimulation de l’orientation sexuelle, le degré d’homophobie intériorisée ainsi que la solitude ; et les facteurs potentiels de protection tels que les capacités de résilience, le réseau social et le soutien social. Cet article conclut sur les implications quant à la prise en compte des besoins propres aux aînés gais et lesbiennes. Des recommandations sont mises de l’avant dans une perspective de reconnaissance des enjeux touchant les aînés gais et lesbiennes, et d’amélioration des services qui leur sont offerts.
Synthesis and nanorod growth of n-type phthalocyanine on ultrathin metal films by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Koshiba Yasuko , Nishimoto Mihoko , Misawa Asuka , Misaki Masahiro , Ishida Kenji 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The thermal behavior of 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB), the synthesis of metal-2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octacyanophthalocyanine–metal [MPc(CN)8–M] (M = Cu, Fe, Ni) complexes by the tetramerization of TCNB, and the growth of MPc(CN)8–M nanorods were investigated. By chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in vacuum, MPc(CN)8 molecules were synthesized and MPc(CN)8–M nanorods were formed on all substrates. Among them, CuPc(CN)8 molecules were synthesized in high yield, and CuPc(CN)8–Cu nanorods were deposited uniformly and in high density, with diameters and lengths of 70–110 and 200–700 nm, respectively. The differences in the growth of MPc(CN)8–M nanorods were mainly attributed to the stability of the MPc(CN)8–M complex, the oxidation of ultrathin metal films, and the diffusion of metal atoms. Additionally, the tetramerization of TCNB by CVD at atmospheric pressure was performed on ultrathin Cu films, and the synthesis of CuPc(CN)8 molecules was observed by in situ UV–vis spectroscopy. CVD under atmospheric pressure is also useful for the synthesis of CuPc(CN)8 molecules.
Using Natural Experiments to Test Environmental Mediation Hypotheses
Authors: L. Rutter Michael , Thapar Anita 
Published: February 2016

AbstractConcepts of causation are discussed, as are alternative explanations of an association other than causation. Nine types of genetically sensitive natural experiments are described, together with their assumptions and limitations. Social selection biases can be dealt with by designs involving the universal introduction or removal of risks. The use of instrumental variables is discussed in relation to early puberty, China's one‐child policy, and Mendelian randomization. Regression discontinuity designs are described as a way of dealing with confounders. We end by considering whether natural experiments are really needed, and we conclude that they are. We note that natural experiment opportunities are widely available and do not constitute a discrete number of designs.
Developmental Models and Mechanisms for Understanding the Effects of Early Experiences on Psychological Development
Authors: O'Connor Thomas G. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnderstanding how and why early exposure to stress may have lasting effects on behavior and biology is fundamental to developmental study of psychopathology. Significant progress in this area has been made since the previous volume, in terms of the quality and quantity of findings and the types of research targets. This chapter reviews illustrative and intriguing findings in this large and diverse area of study. Key sections of the chapter aim to outline and differentiate leading developmental models for testing hypotheses concerning early experience and psychological development; to identify leading mechanisms that may account for a carrying forward of effects in development; to articulate methodological challenges for clinical and translational research for current and future investigation; to review select model systems and research paradigms that have risen to prominence in this area; to discuss intervention studies that have shaped the early experience debate and in clinical and public contexts; and to target future directions for clinical and translational research. Although evidence from animal studies plays a prominent role, research findings from human studies are particularly emphasized.
Attachment and Developmental Psychopathology
Authors: Fearon R. M. Pasco , Groh Ashley M. , Bakermans‐Kranenburg Marian J. , van IJzendoorn Marinus H. , Roisman Glenn I. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis chapter examines the conceptual and empirical contributions of attachment theory to the field of developmental psychopathology. It reviews the major elements and methods of attachment theory and research, and considers current evidence regarding (1) the environmental and genetic determinants of attachment, (2) short‐ and long‐term continuity in attachment processes, (3) the association between attachment and emerging psychopathology, (4) candidate mediating mechanisms conveying risk, and (5) the efficacy of attachment‐focused interventions. We end with a consideration of the broader relevance of attachment theory for understanding the process and mechanisms of change in psychological therapies. We conclude that attachment represents a coherent and generally well‐supported developmental construct, which is of great potential value as a framework for prevention and intervention. We also highlight several key outstanding issues and qualifications regarding the measurement of attachment, the scope and limits of its effects on children's outcomes, and unresolved scientific issues regarding causal mechanisms.
Evolutionary Foundations of Developmental Psychopathology
Authors: Giudice Marco Del , Ellis Bruce J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this chapter we situate developmental psychopathology in an evolutionary perspective and demonstrate how the discipline can benefit by embracing modern biological theory. We begin by presenting the integrative approach of evolutionary‐developmental psychology and exploring the interplay between adaptation and maladaptation in the origin of disorders. We then review a host of recent theoretical developments that address the organization of individual differences, the nature of environmental risk, the role of early stress, the nature of gene–environment interactions, the classification of mental disorders, and many other critical issues. Together, these contributions paint the contours of an integrative theory of human development and provide a sophisticated evolutionary foundation for developmental psychopathology. We aim to show that, far from undermining the tenets of developmental psychopathology, the evolutionary framework we describe supports all its core principles while also extending them, clarifying their underlying logic, and connecting them at a deeper level than previously possible.
Differential Susceptibility to Environmental Influences
Authors: Belsky Jay , Pluess Michael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe notion that developmental experiences and environmental exposures shape individual development is central to most theorizing about human development and implies that humans are generally characterized by developmental plasticity. Evolutionary‐biological reasoning suggests that such plasticity in development carries substantial costs and in some cases increases the risk for maladaptive developmental outcomes. Consequently, application of evolutionary thinking to the phenomenon of developmental plasticity leads to the conclusion that individuals should vary in their degree of plasticity to balance associated risks and benefits. This notion has been conceptualized in the framework ofdifferential susceptibility, which posits that some people are generally more susceptible to environmental influences than others. After presenting a detailed evolutionary rational for differential susceptibility, the latest empirical evidence for the hypothesized variability in developmental plasticity is reviewed before discussing new research questions stimulated by the application of differential susceptibility reasoning to human development.