bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
U-Net basierte Koloniedetektion in Fluoreszenzbildern
Authors: Burgdorf Simon-Johannes , Roddelkopf Thomas , Thurow Kerstin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Manual analysis of bacterial colonies in microbiology is time-consuming and error-prone. This study examines the suitability of U-Net models for the automated detection of colonies on fluorescent images. A particular advantage of these models is the pixel-precise segmentation, which enables detailed analyses. The model performed effectively with an F1 score of 0.93 on the validation data and a mask prediction time of just 0.27 seconds without the need for image preprocessing, even in the presence of artifacts. The implementation uses freely available libraries, which simplifies access.
Mitochondrial proteostasis in axons: key roles for neuronal health
Authors: Zaninello Marta , Rugarli Elena I. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Neurons integrate perception, motor, and cognitive functions, relying heavily on mitochondria for ATP production to support axonal transport, synaptic activity, and maintenance of membrane potential. Mitochondrial dysfunction disrupts energy supply, increases oxidative stress, and impairs calcium buffering, contributing to axonal degeneration in neurodegenerative diseases. Mitochondria are strategically located and transported within highly polarised neurons, posing the problem of maintaining functional organelles in axonal and dendritic regions far away from the cell body. This article highlights mechanisms that ensure the quality of the mitochondrial proteome in neurons.
The role of possessions for the extended self of sustainability- concerned anti-consumers
Authors: Vlieger de Oliveira Sophia Elizabeth , Wache Catalina , Raithel Sascha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Belk’s (Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 139–168, 1988, Journal of Consumer Research, 40(1), 477–500, 2013) seminal work on possessions and the extended self explains how possessions form and symbolize an individual’s extended self. According to the framework, material possessions play a significant role for the extended self. In recent decades, individuals in consumer societies of the Global North have started to question their consumption patterns and their impact on the natural environment in light of the climate crisis. These individuals engage in anti-consumption practices which aim at reducing environmental impact through reducing and rejecting consumption including the acquisition of material possessions. This paper assesses if Belk’s (Journal of Consumer Research, 15(2), 139–168, 1988, Journal of Consumer Research, 40(1), 477–500 2013) framework is still applicable in the case of sustainability-concerned anti-consumers and which modifications need to be made to account for a change in consumption patterns. We propose that the self-expressive aspect of the extended self framework remains salient, as the intentional non-consumption by anti-consumers helps them distance themselves from possible undesired selves. Through a de-extension of the self, consumers rely on experiences, people and places which are central to the self rather than on material possessions. The material objects that remain parts of the extended self and that have a symbolic meaning represent their owner’s ethical and pro-environmental values and are often created through upcycling, refurbishing or acquired in second-hand or sharing markets. Since consumers increasingly consider the effects their acquisitions and actions have on the state of the Earth, they re-extend their selves to include experiences and the natural environment as a psychological possession.
Explaining AI through mechanistic interpretability
Authors: Kästner Lena , Crook Barnaby 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent work in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) attempts to render opaque AI systems understandable through a divide-and-conquer strategy. However, this fails to illuminate how trained AI systems work as a whole. Precisely this kind of functional understanding is needed, though, to satisfy important societal desiderata such as safety. To remedy this situation, we argue, AI researchers should seek mechanistic interpretability, viz. apply coordinated discovery strategies familiar from the life sciences to uncover the functional organisation of complex AI systems. Additionally, theorists should accommodate for the unique costs and benefits of such strategies in their portrayals of XAI research.
Advances in predictive biomarkers for melanoma immunotherapy
Authors: Ma Wenjie , Liu Wanlin , Zhong Jingqin , Zou Zijian , Lin Xinyi , Sun Wei , Hu Tu , Xu Yu , Chen Yong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This review primarily discusses the current research advance of predictive biomarkers for melanoma immunotherapy. The aim of the present review is to summarize the biomarkers and evaluate the advantages and disadvantages.

Methods
All reference can be found through Pubmed. This review mainly focuses on three main directions: tumor-related factors, host factors, and the tumor microenvironment. In the end, there exhibits some unusual aspects of predictive biomarkers and forecasts the future model.

Results
The mainsteam of predictive biomarkers focuses on PD-L1, TMB, gene mutations, immune cells, IDO1, LDH, tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS), HLA-DR, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and Extracellular vesicles (EVs).

Conclusion
The current research advance of predictive biomarkers for melanoma immunotherapy can be mainly divided into three parts: tumor-related factors, host factors, and the tumor microenvironment. The predictive biomarkers include PD-L1, TMB, gene mutations, immune cells, IDO1, LDH, TLS, HLA-DR, TAMs, TILs, and EVs. A model based on multiple biomarkers is expected to become the answer to predicting prognosis.
Hungarian Nationalism in Orbán’s Era: The Case of Martfű
Authors: Demers Bálint 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Based on the discursive analysis of 28 semidirected interviews conducted in the small industrial town of Martfű, this article reflects on the role played by nationalism in the construction of political and cultural hegemony by Viktor Orbán’s Fidesz, Hungary’s ruling party since 2010. The ten themes mobilised by the respondents to express their vision of the Hungarian nation (identification, belonging, commitment, transmission, territory, uniqueness/fragility, heterogeneity/homogeneity, unity/division, east/west, and insubordination) and the issues attached to them (relationship to Hungarian minorities of neighbouring countries, relationship to the European Union, immigration, etc.) are paralleled with Fidesz’s discourse. On those subjects, Orbán’s party’s nationalism positions itself in a “central” way, managing to incarnate heterogeneous conceptions of the nation that are shared among this research’s respondents by Fidesz as well as non-Fidesz voters.
The Unfulfilled Promise of Brown v. Board: white Americans’ Support for Public Education Funding for Black Students in the 21st Century
Authors: Filindra Alexandra , Manning Andrea , Pollert Isaac 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeven decades after Brown v. Board, Black students continue to lag White students. This article analyzes six experiments conducted over three decades to study whether, consistent with social identity theory, White Americans are more supportive of funding increases for nonracially targeted educational programs that benefit their racial ingroup compared to race-targeted programs. We also ask whether racial prejudice is a factor, if implicit or explicit racial priming accounts for any observed differences, and if the effects have changed over time. Our results show that consistent with social identity theory, White Americans are more likely to favor funding increases for public schools or programs for poor children, categories that are majority White, than programs targeted to Black children. Furthermore, we find no evidence of implicit or explicit racial priming. Across all experiments and all years, interactions between racial priors and the treatments are null. We conclude that ingroup favoritism, not prejudice nor racial priming, explains racially discriminatory support for increases in education funding.
CHES Canada
Authors: Dassonneville Ruth , Koedam Jelle 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ideological and issue positions of parties are known to shape citizens’ political attitudes and voting behaviour. One important way to obtain estimates of parties’ positions is to ask experts to place parties on salient ideological dimensions. The Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES) has been collecting such estimates for democracies in Europe and elsewhere. CHES Canada adds to this project by providing estimates of party positions and characteristics of Canadian federal parties and provincial parties in Ontario and Quebec. This note introduces this new data source, clarifies how the data were collected and illustrates how the data can be used to (comparatively) study party politics in Canada.
On Interrogative Inquiries Without Suspended Judgement and Doxastic Neutrality
Authors: Flamini Leonardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is a widespread idea that suspended judgement implies a state of doxastic neutrality. Jane Friedman has recently claimed that while inquiring into a given question, one suspends one's judgement on it. Jointly considered, the previous claims imply that one is in a state of doxastic neutrality about a given question while inquiring into it. In this article, I explore the leading cases against Friedman's perspective, arguing that it is debatable whether they exhibit inquiries into questions without doxastic neutrality. However, I will propose the possibility of “explorative disconfirmation inquiries” to show that doxastically non-neutral inquiries do exist.
Socialism, Democracy, Bureaucracy, and Umbrella Organizations
Authors: Barzman John 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAmong the dilemmas faced by labor, socialist, and other movements of the subaltern classes striving to change society over the past two centuries, three are discussed here: forms of ownership, bureaucracy and “big tent” formulas for both unity of the working class broadly defined, and alliances with movements of independent owners or undefined class status. Examples are drawn from various countries (France, Italy, Britain, the USA, Brazil, Korea) and from international programmatic discussions. Socialists, notably Marxists, shared the radical republican goal of a true democracy of equals, but differed on the extent of collective ownership (state, local, cooperative) needed in the economy, and the definition of privately owned personal goods that insured an individual’s dignity and independence. The rise and contraction of capitalist states with social services (“welfare states”) complicated the issue. Such movements also accumulated experiences with the growth of experts and/or bureaucrats, and the means to limit their privileges and transformation into a caste-type elite. Three environments which generate such phenomena are identified: social-democratic and big labor, post-capitalist states and, more recently, nongovernmental organizations. Finally, the author discusses alliances with broader social forces which include working-class and non-working-class interests, and the management of cross-class ideologies such as certain varieties of nationalism, feminism, environmentalism, and anti-tax movements.
Vertex-critical graphs far from edge-criticality
Authors: Martinsson Anders , Steiner Raphael 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLet
$r$
be any positive integer. We prove that for every sufficiently large
$k$
there exists a
$k$
-chromatic vertex-critical graph
$G$
such that
$\chi (G-R)=k$
for every set
$R \subseteq E(G)$
with
$|R|\le r$
. This partially solves a problem posed by Erdős in 1985, who asked whether the above statement holds for
$k \ge 4$
.
Barriers and facilitators for place of death: A scoping review
Authors: Pedersen Tina , Raunkiær Mette , Graven Vibeke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesMany factors influence where people die, but most people prefer to die at home. Investigating the factors affecting death at different locations can enhance end-of-life care and enable more people to die at their preferred place. The aim was to investigate barriers and facilitators affecting place of death and compare facilitators and barriers across different places of death.MethodsA scoping review registered on Open Science Framework was conducted in accordance with the guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). An electronic search of literature was undertaken in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, PsycINFO, and CINAHL covering the years January 2013–December 2023. Studies were included if they described barriers and/or facilitators for place of death among adults.ResultsThis review identified 517 studies, and 95 of these were included in the review. The review identified the following themes. Illness factors: disease type, dying trajectory, treatment, symptoms, and safe environment. Individual factors: sex, age, ethnicity, preferences, and for environmental factors the following were identified: healthcare inputs, education and employment, social support, economy, and place of residence.Significance of resultsThe factors influencing place of death are complex and some have a cumulative impact affecting where people die. These factors are mostly rooted in structural aspects and make hospital death more likely for vulnerable groups, who are also less likely to receive palliative care and advanced care planning. Disease type and social support further impact the location of death. Future research is needed regarding vulnerable groups and their preferences for place of death.
Lunar Low‐Titanium Magmatism During Ancient Expansion Inferred From Ejecta Originating From Linear Gravity Anomalies
Authors: Nishiyama G. , Morota T. , Namiki N. , Inoue K. , Sugita S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLinear gravity anomalies (LGAs) on the Moon have been interpreted as ancient magmatic intrusions formed during the lunar expansion. The composition of such ancient subsurface intrusions may offer hints for the lunar thermodynamic state in the initial stage of lunar history. To pose a first compositional constraint on magmatism related to lunar expansion, this study analyzed the spectrum and gravity around craters on LGAs, such as Rowland, Roche, and Edison craters. Using reflectance spectra around the craters, we first surveyed non‐mare basaltic exposures. To test the LGA excavation scenario as a possible origin of the discovered exposures, we then compared the Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory data and post‐cratering gravity simulation with the iSALE shock physics code. Our spectral analysis reveals no basaltic exposure around the Rowland crater. Further, the observed termination of LGA at the crater rim contradicts the gravity simulation, which assumes that LGA predates the Rowland crater. These results suggest that LGA formation might postdate the Rowland formation and that lunar expansion lasted even after the Nectarian age. On the other hand, we found that both Roche and Edison craters possess basaltic exposures in their peripheries. Because the gravity reduction inside Roche crater can be reproduced in our simulation, the discovered basaltic exposures are possibly LGA materials ejected from these craters. The composition of those exposures shows that the LGA intrusions at the two locations are composed of low‐titanium magma, indicating that ancient magma during the expansion did not contain ilmenite‐rich melt, perhaps resulting from the low‐ilmenite content of the ancient upper mantle.
First Late Cambrian Paleomagnetic Results From the Oulongbuluke Terrane, Northern Tibetan Plateau: Implications for the Paleogeography of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean
Authors: Cao Yong , Pei Junling , Sun Zhiming , Li Haibing , Xu Wei , Ye Xiaozhou , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Early Paleozoic paleolatitudinal position of the terranes in the northern Tibetan Plateau is the key to unraveling the evolution of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean. We present the first Late Cambrian paleomagnetic results from the Oulongbuluke terrane (OT), in the northern Tibetan Plateau. The mean paleomagnetic direction for 16 sites is Ds = 196.2°, Is = −36.9° with κs = 31.5, α95 = 6.7°, corresponding to a paleopole at 68.2°S/51.9°E with dp/dm = 4.6°/7.8°. Rock magnetic and petrologic analyses demonstrate the primary origin of the magnetic mineralogy. This paleomagnetic result defines the Late Cambrian paleolatitude of the OT as 20.6 ± 4.6°S (reference point: 37.2°N/96.6°E). Combined paleomagnetic and geological evidence suggests that the terranes in the northern Tibetan Plateau were located to the northwest of the Indian plate of Gondwana during the Late Cambrian.
Hydroacoustic Evidence for Offshore Lava Emplacement During the 2018 Kīlauea Eruption
Authors: Atkins C. , Costa O. , Caplan‐Auerbach J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring the 2018 Kīlauea eruption, over half the erupted lava was deposited on the seafloor. Lava flows crossing the shoreline generated sounds that were recorded by a network of hydrophones. We show that short‐duration, broadband signals associated with lava‐water interactions occurred throughout the eruption but increased in number when the Ahalanui ocean entry initiated on July 11. These terminated in early August coincident with the eruption's end. We compare hydroacoustic data with transmission loss models and eruption photographs to show that coastal explosive activity was poorly recorded by the hydrophone network. Similarly, strong hydroacoustic signals did not correlate with observed activity. These results suggest that acoustic signals were generated by lava flowing up to 100 s of meters offshore. Offshore lava flows can be hazardous to boaters, but hydrophones provide a means by which these hazards can be detected.
Juno Observations of Large‐Scale Azimuthal Fields in Jupiter's Nightside Magnetosphere and Related Radial Currents
Authors: Provan G. , Cowley S. W. H. , Nichols J. D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe combine magnetic data from the first 46 data‐taking periapsides of the polar orbiting Juno spacecraft spanning dawn to dusk via midnight to investigate azimuthal fields and related currents in Jupiter's nightside magnetosphere. Data are binned by perpendicular radial distance ρ from the magnetic axis over 4–32 RJ along empirical poloidal model field lines spanning from tail to middle magnetosphere regions (ionospheric colatitudes θi ∼ 5°–17°), and by local time (LT). The data are well organized by these parameters. On southern tail field lines () the azimuthal field is well represented as the sum of sweepback fields falling as 1/ρ that are near‐independent of θi and LT, and a near‐constant field consistent with ∼3.5 nT pointing sunward. The combination is swept back at dawn/midnight but swept forward at dusk outside ∼5 RJ. Outer magnetosphere (θi ∼ 12°–15.5°) azimuthal fields are instead swept back near‐independent of LT, near‐continuous with the tail field in the dawn sector, but with large shear at the tail interface and across outer magnetosphere field lines in the dusk‐midnight sector. The tail region 1/ρ field is associated with a nightside inward polar axial current ∼5.8 MA located within θi ∼ 5° of the magnetic axis, while the dusk‐midnight field shear measured near the ∼30 RJ study boundary provides an inward current ∼15.4 MA, related to the near‐constant field. Azimuthal fields fall to small values across middle magnetosphere field lines (θi ∼ 15.5°–17°), associated with outward currents ∼21.2 MA per hemisphere near‐independent of LT forming the nightside equatorial current sheet, balancing these inward currents.
Supercooled Water Cloud Detection From Polarized Multi‐Angle Imager Data Using 1.37 μm Water Vapor Polarized Channel
Authors: Wang Haofei , Xu Na , Fougnie Bertrand , Zhang Peng , Bojkov Bojan , Gu Songyan , Shang Jian , Chen Lin , Hu Xiuqing , Li Zhengqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDetecting supercooled water clouds (SWCs) is essential for enhancing artificial rainfall, preventing aircraft ice accretion, and developing a better understanding of radiative energy balance. The 1.37 μm channel, known as strong water vapor absorbing, was made polarized in the polarized multi‐angle imager (PMAI) onboard FengYun‐3G satellite. The infight data shown that the new 1.37 μm polarized channel could be used to detect SWCs. The cloudbow is observed around the 140° scattering angle in the 1.37 μm polarization image, with a maximum polarization reflectance of approximately 0.04–0.06. The indicated water clouds with spherical particles in the high‐level altitude could be SWCs. Then, the SWCs detected by 1.37 μm polarized channel is verified using polarized reflectance of other channels, the reflectance difference of channels, and thermal infrared bright temperature. The presence of cloudbow in 1.03 and 1.64 μm channels indicate liquid water cloud. The reflectance difference between 1.03 and 1.64 μm of SWCs agree with characteristic of water cloud. The thermal infrared channels from the imager on the same platform indicate cold cloud with the brightness temperature far below 273.16 K. Therefore, the only use of 1.37 μm polarized channel could perform the identification of SWCs. PMAI provides a powerful tool for monitoring supercooled water clouds.
Light People: Prof. Daoxin Dai, Dr. Patrick Lo, and Prof. Yikai Su—innovators in silicon photonics
Authors: Wan Yating , Guo Chenzi 
Published: October 2024

EditorialIn this edition of Light People, we are excited to feature Prof. Daoxin Dai (Zhejiang University), Prof. Yikai Su (Shanghai Jiao Tong University), and Dr. Patrick Lo (Advanced Micro Foundry Pte Ltd, Singapore), three prominent researchers shaping the future of silicon photonics. Their collaborative work addresses critical issues in silicon photonics, including reducing propagation losses, enlarging the functionalities and enhancing building blocks, integrating efficient laser sources, expanding applications, and pushing the boundaries of optical and electronic integration. Through this interview, we delve into their academic journeys, challenges, and future visions, offering insights into the ongoing evolution of silicon photonics and its potential to transform industries. For a deeper exploration of their experiences and advice, the full interview is available in the Supplementary material.