bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tunable Electrodeposition of Ni Electrocatalysts onto Si Microwires Array for Photoelectrochemical Water Oxidation
Authors: Tung Ching‐Wei , Chuang Yen , Chen Hsiao‐Chien , Chan Ting‐Shan , Li Jiun‐Yun , Chen Hao Ming 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHigh‐aspect‐ratio silicon microwire (Si MW) arrays are expected to act as potential absorbers for solar energy conversion due to their excellent optically absorption capability and shorter diffusion length for collecting charge carriers. To date, most of the studies on structured Si microwire arrays devices are focusing on photocathode for the photoelectrochemical hydrogen production, only a handful of reports attempt to use photoanode based on Si microwire arrays for water oxidation. Herein, a tunable electrodeposition technique for decorating isolated Ni nanoparticles as a both protecting and oxygen evolution electrocatalyst onto the n‐type Si MW is demonstrated. The Si microwire array photoanodes with optimized surface decoration show a stable photocurrent density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1 m KOH electrolyte for several hours without additional protecting layer in addition to Ni nanoparticles, in which the optimized photoanode is able to produce a maximum photocurrent density of 35.5 mA cm−2.
Staphylococcus aureuswall teichoic acid is a pathogen-associated molecular pattern that is recognized by langerin (CD207) on skin Langerhans cells
Authors: van Dalen Rob , De La Cruz Diaz Jacinto S. , Rumpret Matevž , Fuchsberger Felix F. , van Teijlingen Nienke H. , Hanske Jonas , Rademacher Christoph , Geijtenbeek Theunis B.H. , van Strijp Jos A.G. , Weidenmaier Christopher , Peschel Andreas , Kaplan Daniel H. , van Sorge Nina M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStaphylococcus aureusis a major cause of skin and soft tissue infections and aggravator of the inflammatory skin disease atopic dermatitis (AD). Epicutaneous exposure toS. aureusinduces Th17 responses through skin Langerhans cells (LCs), which paradoxically contribute to host defense but also to AD pathogenesis. The underlying molecular mechanisms of the association betweenS. aureusand skin inflammation are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that human LCs directly interact withS. aureusthrough the pattern-recognition receptor langerin (CD207). Human, but not mouse, langerin interacts withS. aureusthrough the conserved β-N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) modifications on wall teichoic acid (WTA), thereby discriminatingS. aureusfrom other staphylococcal species. Importantly, the specificS. aureusWTA glycoprofile strongly influences the level of Th1-and Th17-polarizing cytokines that are produced byin vitrogenerated LCs. Finally, in a murine epicutaneous infection model,S. aureusinduced a more pronounced influx of inflammatory cells and pro-inflammatory cytokine transcripts in skin of human langerin transgenic mice compared to wild-type mice. Our findings provide molecular insight into the unique pro-inflammatory capacities ofS. aureusin relation to inflammatory skin disease.
Transcription-dependent spreading of canonical yeast GATA factor across the body of highly expressed genes
Authors: Ronsmans Aria , Wery Maxime , Gautier Camille , Descrimes Marc , Dubois Evelyne , Morillon Antonin , Georis Isabelle 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGATA transcription factors are highly conserved among eukaryotes and play roles in transcription of genes implicated in cancer progression and hematopoiesis. However, although their consensus binding sites have been well definedin vitro, thein vivoselectivity for recognition by GATA factors remains poorly characterized. Using ChIP-Seq, we identified the Dal80 GATA factor targets in yeast. Our data reveal Dal80 binding to a large set of promoters, sometimes independently of GATA sites. Strikingly, Dal80 was also detected across the body of promoter-bound genes, correlating with high, Dal80-sensitive expression. Mechanistic single-gene experiments showed that Dal80 spreading across gene bodies is independent of intragenic GATA sites but requires transcription elongation. Consistently, Dal80 co-purified with the post-initiation form of RNA Polymerase II. Our work suggests that GATA factors could play dual, synergistic roles during transcription initiation and post-initiation steps, promoting efficient remodeling of the gene expression program in response to environmental changes.Author SummaryGATA transcription factors are highly conserved among eukaryotes and play key roles in cancer progression and hematopoiesis. In budding yeast, four GATA transcription factors are involved in the response to the quality of nitrogen supply. We have determined the whole genome binding profile of one of them, Dal80, and revealed that it also binds across the body or promoter-bound genes. Our observation that ORF binding correlated with elevated transcription levels and exquisite Dal80 sensitivity suggests that GATA factors could play other, unexpected roles at post-initiation stages in eukaryotes.
Physical properties characterization of Natural Protein Fibre Peacock Feather Barbs
Authors: Das Sekhar , Jose Seiko , Pandit Pintu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn the present study, the barbs of peacock feather were subjected to its physio-mechanical characterisation. Various properties of barbs viz., bundle strength, diameter, moisture regain, thermal stability, X-ray diffraction, colour intensity and FTIR was studied according standard analytical methods. The surface morphology of the barbs was examined using SEM images. The results indicate that the barb is a hollow vertical structure made up of protein. The average length and diameter of the barb was found to be 45 mm and 82 μm respectively. The FTIR study confirms the presence of characteristic peaks for protein, related to the keratinous material. The barbs seem to be semi-crystalline in nature, as indicated by X-ray study.
Contact-dependent cell-cell communications drive morphological invariance during ascidian embryogenesis
Authors: Guignard Léo , Fiuza Ulla-Maj , Leggio Bruno , Faure Emmanuel , Laussu Julien , Hufnagel Lars , Malandain Grégoire , Godin Christophe , Lemaire Patrick 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTCanalization of developmental processes ensures the reproducibility and robustness of embryogenesis within each species. In its extreme form, found in ascidians, early embryonic cell lineages are invariant between embryos within and between species, despite rapid genomic divergence. To resolve this paradox, we used live light-sheet imaging to quantify individual cell behaviors in digitalized embryos and explore the forces that canalize their development. This quantitative approach revealed that individual cell geometries and cell contacts are strongly constrained, and that these constraints are tightly linked to the control of fate specification by local cell inductions. While in vertebrates ligand concentration usually controls cell inductions, we found that this role is fulfilled in ascidians by the area of contacts between signaling and responding cells. We propose that the duality between geometric and genetic control of inductions contributes to the counterintuitive inverse correlation between geometric and genetic variability during embryogenesis.
Sparse ordinal logistic regression and its application to brain decoding
Authors: Satake Emi , Majima Kei , Aoki Shuntaro C , Kamitani Yukiyasu 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBrain decoding with multivariate classification and regression has provided a powerful framework for characterizing information encoded in population neural activity. Classification and regression models are respectively used to predict discrete and continuous variables of interest. However, cognitive and behavioral parameters that we wish to decode are often ordinal variables whose values are discrete but ordered, such as subjective ratings. To date, there is no established method of predicting ordinal variables in brain decoding. In this study, we present a new algorithm, sparse ordinal logistic regression (SOLR), that combines ordinal logistic regression with Bayesian sparse weight estimation. We found that, in both simulation and analyses using real functional magnetic resonance imaging data, SOLR outperformed ordinal logistic regression with non-sparse regularization, indicating that sparseness leads to better decoding performance. SOLR also outperformed classification and linear regression models with the same type of sparseness, indicating the advantage of the modeling tailored to ordinal outputs. Our results suggest that SOLR provides a principled and effective method of decoding ordinal variables.
Stimulus content shapes cortical response statistics
Authors: Bányai Mihály , Lazar Andreea , Klein Liane , Klon-Lipok Johanna , Singer Wolf , Orbán Gergő 
Published: December 2017

SummarySpike count correlations (SCCs) are ubiquitous in sensory cortices, are characterized by rich structure and arise from structured internal interactions. Yet, most theories of visual perception focus exclusively on the mean responses of individual neurons. Here, we argue that feedback interactions in primary visual cortex (V1) establish the context in which individual neurons process complex stimuli and that changes in visual context give rise to stimulus-dependent SCCs. Measuring V1 population responses to natural scenes in behaving macaques, we show that the fine structure of SCCs is stimulus-specific and variations in response correlations across-stimuli are independent of variations in response means. Moreover, we demonstrate that stimulus-specificity of SCCs in V1 can be directly manipulated by controlling the high-order structure of synthetic stimuli. We propose that stimulus-specificity of SCCs is a natural consequence of hierarchical inference where inferences on the presence of high-level image features modulate inferences on the presence of low-level features.
MateSim: Monte Carlo simulation for the generation of mating tables
Authors: Carvajal-Rodríguez A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn species with sexual reproduction, the mating pattern is a meaningful element for understanding evolutionary and speciation processes. Given a mating pool where individuals can encounter each other randomly, the individual mating preferences would define the mating frequencies in the population. However, in every mating process we can distinguish two different steps. First, the encounter between partners. Second, the actual mating once the encounter has occurred. Yet, we cannot always assume that the observed population patterns accurately reflect the individual’s preferences. In some scenarios the individuals may have difficulties to achieve their preferred matings, such as in monogamous species with low population size, where the mating process is similar to a sampling without replacement. In the latter, the encounter process will introduce some noise that may disconnect the individual preferences from the obtained mating pattern. Actually, the difference between the mating pattern observed in a population and the mating preferences of the individuals have been shown by different modeling scenarios.Here I present a program that simulates the mating process for both discrete and continuous traits, under different encounter models and individual preferences, including effects as time dependence and aging. The utility of the software is demonstrated by replicating and extending, a recent study that showed how patterns of positive assortative mating, or marriage in human societies, may arise from non-assortative individual preferences. The previous result is confirmed and is shown to be caused by the marriage among the “ugliest” and oldest individuals, who after many attempts were finally able to mate among themselves. In fact, I show that the assortative pattern vanishes if an aging process prevents these individuals from mating altogether. The software MateSim is available jointly with the user’s manual, at http://acraaj.webs.uvigo.es/MateSim/matesim.htm
Automated 3D Axonal Morphometry of White Matter
Authors: Abdollahzadeh Ali , Belevich Ilya , Jokitalo Eija , Tohka Jussi , Sierra Alejandra 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAxonal structure underlies white matter functionality and plays a major role in brain connectivity. The current literature on the axonal structure is based on the analysis of two-dimensional (2D) cross-sections, which, as we demonstrate, is precarious. To be able to quantify three-dimensional (3D) axonal morphology, we developed a novel pipeline, called ACSON (AutomatiC 3D Segmentation and morphometry Of axoNs), for automated 3D segmentation and morphometric analysis of the white matter ultrastructure. The automated pipeline eliminates the need for time-consuming manual segmentation of 3D datasets. ACSON segments myelin, myelinated and unmyelinated axons, mitochondria, cells and vacuoles, and analyzes the morphology of myelinated axons. We applied the pipeline to serial block-face scanning electron microscopy images of the corpus callosum of sham-operated (n = 2) and brain injured (n = 3) rats 5 months after the injury. The 3D morphometry showed that cross-sections of myelinated axons were elliptic rather than circular, and their diameter varied substantially along their longitudinal axis. It also showed a significant reduction in the myelinated axon diameter of the ipsilateral corpus callosum of rats 5 months after brain injury, indicating ongoing axonal alterations even at this chronic time-point.
“CapZyme-Seq” comprehensively defines promoter-sequence determinants for RNA 5’ capping with NAD+
Authors: Vvedenskaya Irina O. , Bird Jeremy G. , Zhang Yuanchao , Zhang Yu , Jiao Xinfu , Barvík Ivan , Krásný Libor , Kiledjian Megerditch , Taylor Deanne M. , Ebright Richard H. , Nickels Bryce E. 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARYNucleoside-containing metabolites such as NAD+can be incorporated as “5′ caps” on RNA by serving as non-canonical initiating nucleotides (NCINs) for transcription initiation by RNA polymerase (RNAP). Here, we report “CapZyme-Seq,” a high-throughput-sequencing method that employs NCIN-decapping enzymes NudC and Rai1 to detect and quantify NCIN-capped RNA. By combining CapZyme-Seq with multiplexed transcriptomics, we determine efficiencies of NAD+capping byEscherichia coliRNAP for ~16,000 promoter sequences. The results define preferred transcription start-site (TSS) positions for NAD+capping and define a consensus promoter sequence for NAD+capping: HRRASWW (TSS underlined). By applying CapZyme-Seq toE. colitotal cellular RNA, we establish that sequence determinants for NCIN cappingin vivomatch the NAD+-capping consensus definedin vitro, and we identify and quantify NCIN-capped small RNAs. Our findings define the promoter-sequence determinants for NCIN capping with NAD+and provide a general method for analysis of NCIN cappingin vitroandin vivo.
The continuous flow culture as an in vitro model in experimental mycology
Authors: Bernhardt Hannelore , Zimmermann Kathrin , Knoke M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryWe used the model of continuous flow culture (cfc) to study the growth of Candida species. This model allows special test conditions: a long generation time of 15–20 hs, controlled limitation of nitrogen sources and carbohydrates, comparison of the growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions simultaneously. These conditions were used to study the effect of antimycotic drugs, mainly during a long time of 7 to 10 days.Germ tube formation as a virulence factor was more abundant and faster in cfc of strains with a stronger adherence to buccal epithelium cells. Co‐cultivation of C. albicans and C. glabrata allowed conclusions for their colonization in vivo. A biofilm on the glass wall of the culture vessel led to mycelium formation by C. albicans. Concomitantly the growth of C. glabrata was favoured. Growth of C. albicans in the gastrointestinal flora was reduced by masses of bacteria and their multiple metabolic activities. A remarkable growth of C. albicans was only to be seen if the ecosystem was destroyed e.g. by antibacterial antibiotics. The influence of fluconazole in a long‐term follow up study under anaerobic conditions showed an inhibition of C. albicans in 99.9 %. This means fungicidal efficacy.
Cutaneous sporotrichosis in Thailand: first reported case
Authors: Kwangsukstith C. , Vanittanakom N. , Khanjanasthiti P. , Uthammachai C. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA case of cutaneous sporotrichosis is reported for the first time in Thailand. The infection occurred in a 33‐ year‐old Thai female who has been in good health and had no history of previous trauma or contact with any animals. Histopathology revealed pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia of the epidermis and a combination of granulomatous and pyogenic reactions in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Typical asteroid bodies (Splendore‐Hoeppli phenomenon) with central yeast cells were seen. Sporothrix schenckii was recovered from skin biopsy specimens. The patient responded well to the treatment with saturated solutions of potassium iodide within three months. No recurrence was seen after more than six months follow‐up.
In Vitro Susceptibility of Dermatophytes from Munich to Griseofulvin, Miconazole and Ketoconazole
Authors: Korting H. C. , Rosenkranz Simone 
Published: December 2017

SummaryVarious recent clinical isolates of Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Microsporum canis and Epidermophyton floccosum from Munich were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the microdilution method. Both azoles miconazole and ketoconazole were found to be more active than griseofulvin. Comparatively high inhibitory concentrations of griseofulvin were especially found with Tr. mentagrophytes. On the whole miconazole turned out to be even somewhat more effective than ketoconazole. Considering the minimum inhibitory concentrations found at least some of the strains tested might not be open to eradication in clinical terms with conventional treatment protocols.
Induction of zoospore formation in Thai isolates of Pythium insidiosum
Authors: Chaiprasert A. , Samerpitak K. , Wanachiwanawin W. , Thasnakorn P. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThree human isolates of Pythium insidiosum De Cock 1987, the aetiologic agent of pythiosis, were induced for zoosporogenesis. The isolates were grown on Sabouraud glucose agar for 2 days before being inoculated into boiled spikelets of Axonopus compressus (Gramineae) and then into induction medium (IM). Optimum zoospore formation was demonstrated under the light microscope after incubation for 24 h at 37°C in IM.
Pulmonary fungal infections in immunocompromised patients: incidence and risk factors
Authors: von Eiff M. , Roos N. , Fegeler W. , von Eiff C. , Zühlsdorf M. , Glaser J. , van de Loo J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn a prospective study, 178 patients with fever > 38.4 °C and newly diagnosed pulmonary infiltrates underwent bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), aspiration of bronchial secretions (BS) and, in 71 cases, protected specimen brushing (PSB). In 42/143 immunocom‐promised patients (haematological malignancies, n= 92; AIDS, n = 22; immunosuppressant therapy, n = 29) and in 4/35 patients with no defined underlying disease fungal pneumonia was present (candidosis, n= 35; aspergillosis, n = 8 mixed fungal infection, n = 3). Candidosis was combined, in 17 cases, with Aspergillus (n=3), bacterial (n= 15) or cytomegalovirus (n=2) infection. Aspergillosis was combined in eight cases with infection with Candida (n = 3), Pneumocystis carinii (n=1) or bacteria (n = 5). The sensitivity of BAL and PSB in Candida pneumonia was 48% and 50%, respectively; specificity was 75% and 74% respectively. Bronchial secretions were more sensitive in detecting Candida pneumonia, but specificity was only 55%. In aspergillosis, the specificity of BAL, BS and PSB in each case was 100%; the sensitivity of BAL, BS and PSB was 38%, 64% and 100%. Twenty‐four fungal infections were fatal. Unfavourable prognostic factors were respiratory failure needing mechanical ventilation, diffuse bilateral pulmonary infiltrates, mixed fungal infections and start of i.v. antifungal treatment > 14 days after fever onset, which were associated with a mortality rate of 74%, 67%, 67% and 63% respectively.
Doctors with Asperger's: the impact of a diagnosis
Authors: Price Sophie , Lusznat Rosie , Mann Richard , Locke Rachel 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundAsperger syndrome (AS) is part of a spectrum of disorders encompassing difficulties with social interaction that may result in specific educational needs for doctors in training. There is currently limited research on the impact of AS on working as a doctor.MethodsThis is a qualitative study using semi‐structured interviews to explore the perceptions of trainees diagnosed with AS following input from a professional support service, and the perspectives of the staff involved in their professional development.FindingsReceiving a diagnosis of AS was viewed as a double‐edged sword, allowing the development of insight into lifelong difficulties, but also creating the potential for prejudice. Understanding AS traits provided an explanation for challenges in the workplace and therefore opportunities to find solutions.Understanding AS traits provided an explanation for challenges in the workplaceDiscussionThis study explores the benefits and disadvantages of defining and labelling a specific professional support need for a group of trainees. It also reveals the need for improved awareness of AS amongst all clinical educators.
The structure of one weight linear and cyclic codes over Z_{2}^r x (Z_{2} + uZ_{2})^s
Authors: Aydogdu Ismail 
Published: December 2017

Inspired by the Z2Z4-additive codes, linear codes over Z_{2}^r x (Z_{2} + uZ_{2})^s have been introduced by Aydogdu et al. more recently. Although these family of codes are similar to each other, linear codes over Z_{2}^r x (Z_{2} + uZ_{2})^s have some advantages compared to Z2Z4-additive codes. A code is called constant weight(one weight) if all the codewords have the same weight. It is well known that constant weight or one weight codes have many important applications. In this paper, we study the structure of one weight Z2Z2[u]-linear and cyclic codes. We classify these type of one weight codes and also give some illustrative examples.
A defect of biliary excretion of copper in copper-laden Bedlington terriers
Authors: Su Le-Chu , Owen Charles A. , Zollman Paul E. , Hardy Robert M. 
Published: December 2017

Copper-laden Bedlington terriers were found to absorb copper normally, based on the ratio of 64Cu in bile and in plasma ceruloplasmin after oral and intravenous doses of the radionuclide. The excessive accumulation of the copper in Bedlington terriers was due to impaired biliary excretion of the metal, The abnormal Bedlington pattern was simulated in normal dogs by biliary obstruction. Although the Bedlington terriers excreted more copper in their urine than normal, the amount was far less than that accumulated secondary to inadequate biliary excretion. These abnormalities are shared by patients with Wilson's disease, both conditions being inherited on an autosomal recessive basis. copper absorption; copper excretion; radiocopper; Wilson's disease Submitted on May 5, 1981 Accepted on March 30, 1982