bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Propensity to Pay Dividends By State-Controlled Companies in Poland. Tunneling or Maturity Effect?
Authors: Kowerski Mieczysław 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Usage of a random effects panel logit model have shown in this paper that the high propensity to pay dividends by the state-controlled companies quoted on the Warsaw Stock Exchange over the last years was not a result of the tunneling effect but was the maturity effect. The state-controlled companies which pay dividends fulfil the maturity effect criteria as they are big, profitable, have low investment opportunities and financial leverage, and are characterised by low risk associated with investing in their shares. The additional evidence of a reasonable and stable dividend policy pursued by the state-controlled companies are: payout ratio on the level of slightly more than 50% and lower by almost 8 percentage points than in the other companies; and relatively rare use of the reserve capital for dividends. However, state-controlled companies listed on the WSE are mostly commercial and of a fiscal nature for the state, which may create a temptation for tunneling.
Practical Problems of Legal Regulation of Customs Duties Developing an International Trade Between the Republic of Lithuania And East Asian Countries
Authors: Valantiejus Gediminas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
For more than ten years (since 2004) the Republic of Lithuania is a member of the EU and is realizing its economic and trade relations with other foreign countries, and regulating customs duties according to the requirements of the EU Common Commercial Policy. However, in the recent years foreign trade (in particular - exports of goods) remained one of the main factors which increased an economic growth (recovery) in the Republic of Lithuania after the global economic crisis of the world, which began in 2008. In this context, the search for new markets and expansion of trade relations with new trade partners in Asia became essential in order to diversify the structure of the national economy and avoid dependence on traditional trade partners, such as Russia. Taking into account this strategic goal, the article seeks to answer a question whether an existing foreign trade regulation system ensures the status of Lithuania as an attractive partner of foreign trade with East Asian countries (Taiwan, Hong Kong, South Korea and Singapore) and what regulatory instruments (customs duty rules and procedures) should be used on the national level to ensure cooperation with these countries. In order to answer this problematic question, the first chapter of the article overviews general tendencies in Lithuanian foreign trade with the countries of East Asia, while the second chapter is dedicated to describe regulatory regime for import customs duties on the national level (in line with the major provisions of the EU Common Commercial Policy). The practical problems and obstacles to international trade are presented in the third chapter and are illustrated by the examples of case law, which was formed in disputes relating to the decisions and actions of Lithuanian national customs authorities for the period from 1 May, 2004 (since entry to the EU)).
Patronage or Signaling: How Mayors Use City Payroll to Stay in Office
Authors: Vobolevičius Vincentas 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Several studies on municipal hiring decisions have indicated that when a city’s payroll grows, its mayor’s re-election prospects are likely to improve. It is not clear, however, if such an effect is attributable to patronage-driven, or signaling-driven, behavior of the incumbents. The difference is important: patronage leads to inefficient public administration, while signaling can produce political business cycles. In this paper, I propose some key electoral implications of patronage-driven and signaling-driven hiring, and verify them with data on local elections in Bulgaria (2015 and 2011) and in Poland (2014). I find that a large municipal workforce has a negative overall effect on mayors’ re-election. Importantly, the impact of city payroll varies with incumbents’ partisanship (strongly negative for mayors representing the economic right, neutral for independent mayors, positive for ex-communist mayors) and does not depend on the duration of incumbent’s tenure. These findings strongly support the patronage-driven explanation of Eastern Europe’s local political economy.
Microwave regeneration of biological activated carbon
Authors: Wu Daoji , Li Shujie , Wang Ning 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSpent biological activated carbon (SAC) in a drinking water treatment plant has been regenerated with microwaves, and the regeneration effects were evaluated through iodine values, surface chemistry, surface structure energy and surface morphology by comparison with unused activated carbon (UAC). On this basis, the performance of regenerated activated carbon (RAC) was investigated by methylene blue adsorption and raw water clarification. The results showed that the iodine value of RAC recovered to 98.1 % of that of UAC, and that the BET surface area of RAC (778 m
The Relation of Brexit with the UK’s QE Decisions and its Impact on the Eurozone
Authors: Kyriazis Νikolaos A. , Economou Emmanouil M.L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This paper aims to provide some insights into the way that the recent referendum held on June 23rd about the Brexit could affect the UK’s perspective to proceed to a new round of QE. Moreover, the effects of the latter on the Eurozone are under scrutiny. Transmission channels of the shock that the Brexit has brought about on the EU and the Eurozone, as well as possible scenarios about the future relationship between the UK and the EU are presented. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first academic piece of work that makes a direct link between the consequences of the Brexit on decisions about proceeding in further QE actions or not in the UK and at the same time studies how this could result in affecting the Eurozone’s economy and its decision-making about adopting further unconventional policies.
Loyalty, Investment Model and New Media - A Correlation Study in Banking Services in Montenegro
Authors: Femić-Radosavović Bojana , Jovović Milorad 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In this paper we perceived causal relationship between loyalty, satisfaction, quality of the alternatives, investment size, and new media through online word of mouth in banking services in Montenegro. Obtained empirical results substantiated validity of the set hypothetical frame, i.e. meaningfulness of the conceptual model that is set.
Exchange Rate and Interest Rate in the Monetary Policy Reaction Function
Authors: Krušković Borivoje D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn recent years there has been a particular interest in the relation between exchange rates and interest rates both in developed countries and emerging countries. This is understandable given the important role that these variables have in determining the movement of nominal and real economic variables, including the movement of domestic inflation, real output, exports and imports, foreign exchange reserves, etc. To realized the importance of the given instruments selected macroeconomic indicators, data analysis (monthly data) relating to Serbia was made on the basis of the Transfer Function Model, a data analysis (annual data) relating to emerging countries was done on the basis of the Stepvise Multiple Regression model. In the transfer function model we used the Maximum Likelihood method for assessing unknown coefficients. In the gradual multiple regression model we used the Least Square method for the evaluation of unknown coefficients. All indicator values were used in the original unmodified form, i.e. there was no need for a variety of transformations. Empirical analysis showed that the exchange rate is a more significant transmission mechanism than the interest rate both in emerging markets and Serbia.
A Brief Introduction to the World of Macroprudential Policy
Authors: Dumičić Mirna 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNotwithstanding the rapid growth in the popularity of and the increasing number of research papers on macroprudential policy, the general public still has a relatively unclear perception of this concept. The main purpose of this paper is to explain briefly the most important concepts related to macroprudential policy and describe its objectives. Emphasis is put on explaining the main stages of a macroprudential cycle, the relationship between macroprudential policy and other economic policies, and the costs and benefits of macroprudential regulations.
An Analysis of International Trade of Montenegro Using Statistics on the Operations of Transnational Corporations’ Affiliates
Authors: Živković Olivera , Bjelić Predrag 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Most of the international trade today takes place through transnational corporations that have changed its structure and directions of activity. The scope of international transactions that occur within transnational corporations is increasingly replacing the classical cross-border forms of import and export of goods and services.
The transition process and the opening of Montenegro towards the rest of the world has had its influence on significant inflows of foreign direct investments and the presence of a large number of companies controlled by foreign capital. If we neglected the sales data of foreign corporations’ affiliates we would attain a distorted picture of the position of Montenegro in international trade. Through the analysis of the application of FATS statistics, which monitor the operations of these companies in Montenegro, we discovered the economic variables to which the foreign affiliates have made the greatest contribution. Our goal is to assess the benefits of Montenegro’s participation in international trade. The focus of the work is on the calculation of the export of Montenegro through the application of this new statistical concept.
Quality of Justice as an Institutional Game. Insights from the Italian Case
Authors: Piana Daniela 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIntroduction: Is soft power effective? Justice institutions have become a key topic in the international scientific and institutional agendas some decades ago, for different, and still interdependent reasons: the waves of democratizations (Pridham 2000), the increasing power of the judicial branch (Russell and O Brian 2001; Stone Sweet 2002), the transnationalisation of the processes of law making and law enforcement (Allard and Garapon 2005), the increasing demand for justice, dispute resolution, and rights enforcement (Epp 1998; OECD 2014, 2015). Despite the vast literature focusing on these phenomena, very little has been said on the impact that the recent development of the quality of justice mainstream (Fabri et al. 2005; Piana 2010) has on the relationship between the judicial and the executive branch. Notoriously, this relationship is one of the key dimensions for a constitutional democracy.
Non-separability and complete reducibility: En{E_{n}} examples with an application to a question of Külshammer
Authors: Uchiyama Tomohiro 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Let G be a simple algebraic group of type

E
n

{E_{n}}

(

n
=

6
,
7
,
8

{n=6,7,8}

) defined over an algebraically closed field k of characteristic 2. We present examples of triples of closed reductive groups

H
<
M
<
G

{H<M<G}

such that H is G-completely reducible, but not M-completely reducible. As an application, we consider a question of Külshammer on representations of finite groups in reductive groups. We also consider a rationality problem for G-complete reducibility and a problem concerning conjugacy classes.
Crystal structure of catena-(bis(μ2-1, 2-bis(imidazole-1-ylmethyl)benzene-κN:N′)-dichlororido-nickel(II)), C28H28Cl2N8Ni
Authors: Liu Ping , Liu Qiuxia , Zhao Ning , An Caixia , Lian Zhaoxun 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
C28H28Cl2N8Ni, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 8.521(5) Å, b = 10.255(6)) Å, c = 15.414(9) Å, β = 91.209(9)°, V = 1346.6(13) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0360, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0916, T = 296(2) K.
Crystal structure of 2-(4-(dimethylamino)phenyl)-1,3-dimethyl-1H-perimidin-3-ium iodide, C21H22I1N3
Authors: Yuan Xian-You , Zhang Min , Li Zhong-Yan , Yuan Lin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
C21H22I1N3, monoclinic, C2/c, a = 21.829(7) Å, b = 10.741(3) Å, c = 17.564(5) Å, β = 109.446(3)°, V = 3883(2) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0260, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0687, T = 296(2) K.
Overview of Nordic Media Research on Immigration and Ethnic Relations
Authors: Horsti Karina 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNordic media and communication research had reacted to the ethnically/racially and culturally changing societies since the 1980s, and the multidisciplinary field of migration, ethnic relations and the media has been shaped. This overview draws upon existing body of research, particularly on recent literature since the early 2000s, and aims to sketch out the rough lines of Nordic media research by mapping and comparing developments in this area. In addition, it points out some major outcomes and, finally, suggests future developments. The longest line of research is based on text analysis, mostly quantitative and qualitative content analysis and discourse analysis of majority media’s texts on immigration and ethnic minorities. Later on, the research focus has widened to cover various dimensions of media output as well as production and reception. Although the field is intensively developing, comparative research among the Nordic countries, and between other European countries, is scarce.
E-paper News Publishing
Authors: Leckner Sara , Appelgren Ester 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Electronic distribution is challenging the newspaper industry to seek new ways of publishing; consequently, news content could be processed on and for a variety of output platforms. Electronic paper (e-paper) could turn into a major newspaper publishing channel due to its ability to display content in a paper-like manner, with lower weight, lower power consumption, and facilitated handling compared to a computer, but without the major publishing and distribution costs associated with printed newspapers.
This work is based on seven case studies of newspaper companies in Sweden, Europe and North America, and analyses newspaper companies’ views on future e-paper publishing. The objective has been to examine the conditions that would enable the e-paper medium to become viable as a newspaper-publishing channel.
Newspaper companies regard the idea of a future e-paper edition as very promising, but are uncertain as to what strategy to use. The final product will be a balance between cost, reorganization, the available number of rich media, and updates. Based on the companies’ views, five models of how to incorporate an e-paper publishing channel into existing newspaper production have been proposed. The appropriateness of the models depends on each newspaper company’s conditions, including assets, consumer base and demographics, current workflow, and future strategies.
Researching Media Convergence and Crossmedia News Production
Authors: Erdal Ivar John 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDigitization of production has facilitated changes in the organization and practices of journalism. Technological convergence, media convergence and organizational convergence have helped change the way in which news is made.A substantial amount of research has been done on news production in general, and television news in particular. However, little research has been done specifically on the production context in a digital, integrated broadcasting environment, taking into account new technology and its relationship to changes in institutional context, production processes and the resulting texts.The present article discusses some challenges that face research into media organization, challenges that are a result of these developments. The discussion is structured around two main developments: changing professional practices and genre development. The article will also look at where this line of research fits into the larger picture of media studies, and discuss the relationship to existing research in the field.
Rethinking the Rethinking
Authors: Eriksson Göran 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDuring the last few decades, the possibilities and limitations of qualitative media audience research have regularly been discussed in media and communication research. Quantitatively oriented researchers have claimed that qualitatively oriented research is incapable of producing general knowledge. From a ‘radical ethnographic’ point of view it has been stated that such knowledge is more or less useless, while other qualitatively oriented researchers have approached the question of generality in a more balanced way, and argued for the necessity to interpret specific events within a framework of more general theories. But these solutions are not satisfactory. The aim of this article is to suggest an alternative conceptualisation of generality. From the meta-theoretical viewpoint of critical realism, this article states that generalisations have to take into consideration the domain of the deep structures of reality. Qualitative media audience research should aim at producing general knowledge about the constituent properties or transfactual conditions of the process of media consumption.
On the Open and Closed Space of Public Discourse
Authors: Dahlberg Leif 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The subject of this article is to investigate the notion and status of public discourse in contemporary media. The article opens with a reading of the trope the ‘open’ (das Offene) in Rainer Maria Rilke’s eighth Duineser Elegie and then discusses the meanings given to openess and public (Öffentlich, Öffentlichkeit) in the academic discourses of law, philosophy, political theory, and sociology. However, the principal focus of the article is on the artistic and political interventions by two Austrian artists, Otto Mittmannsgruber and Martin Strauß, made in commercialized public spaces in Austria and Germany during the years 1995-2004. Their artistic works directly address issues of power and public discourse, and effect both a questioning of unilinear mass media communication and a politicization of commercialized public space. In the article it is argued that the interventions of Mittmannsgruber and Strauß in commercial mass media make strikingly visible the simultaneously open and closed nature of contemporary public discourse.
Between Individualism and Community
Authors: Andersen Johannes , Kristensen Niels Nørgaard 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMedia consumption in Denmark as well as other western democracies seems to be in transition in several ways. Fewer people keep up with politics and societal developments. Still, on the other hand, people show considerable political confidence and belief in personal political skills as well as in possibilities for making a “difference”. Often this phenomenon is given a theoretical foundation in the notion of “reflexive individualization”.This chapter draws the contours of an emerging role of political citizenship and identity: The individualized citizen. Embodied here is a character which is highly engaged and interested in politics, but at the same time does not follow along with current events in the media.The media continues to play an important role as a central tie between laymen and political authorities but its status and functioning is changing and its decisive role in democracy might be in decay.The individualized citizen represents a subjectivization and individualization of the political. The awareness and the scope and horizon of political orientations and engagement is increasingly turned on towards personal interests - possibly resulting in an erosion of the public spirit or the common good. The final section of the chapter also discusses possible consequences of a gradual cut between political elites and ordinary citizens.
Youth and New Media in the New Millennium
Authors: Broddason Thorbjörn 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThere is general agreement among media and communication scholars that a monumental shift is occurring in the media and communication habits of young people. In the present paper, this shift is discussed within the framework of a long-term study of six samples of Icelandic youths, covering a period of 35 years. A persistent decline in use of the “old” media, such as books, newspapers and radio is demonstrated, while the social role of television is shown to be undergoing a transformation comparable to what happened to book reading centuries earlier. All this is discussed in the light of the onslaught of new technologies and new media of communication.
The Protection of Minors Against Harmful Media Content in Europe
Authors: Büttner Christian 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Reaching agreement on child protection and the media at a joint European level is a difficult process, as national differences regarding film classifications would appear to be too great. On the basis of interviews conducted with leading classifiers in Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark, France, Portugal, Spain and Ireland, the considerable differences in the rationales behind the respective national classification concepts are examined in terms of how children and adolescents in Europe are granted autonomy and responsibility, and what role parents play in this. The basic plea is for more attention to be given to the intercultural dimensions of the relationship between children, adolescents and adults in further work to develop a European youth media protection act.
The Reformation Process in Ukrainian Higher Education Institutions According to the Credit-Module System: Evaluation by Lecturers and Students
Authors: Burega Valery V. , Mikheyeva Oksana K. , Sikorskaya Irina N. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The article presents a general evaluation of the higher education system under reform in Ukraine with examples of some higher education institutions in different regions, and demonstrates basic tendencies and regularities which typical of all the institutions that are undergoing similar processes of reform. The process is heavily influenced by the so-called “human factor”, by investigating the participants’ opinion. The empirical data presented in this paper demonstrate how lecturers and students understand the reform process in different ways.
Professional Integration of Sociology Graduates from the Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu, 2002-2009
Authors: Popesc Andreea Simona 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe professional integration of higher education students is a problem for all contemporary societies, including the Romanian one. The surplus of graduates, the diplomas’ devaluation, the opportunities’ inequality and the unequal distribution of labour market’s posts are just a few determinant factors, which make the individual to adopt a variety of strategies to get a job.This research is particularly interested in the integration process on labour markets of sociology graduates in Romanian academic system, taking in consideration the case of sociology graduates from the Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu.The main objective is to understand all mechanisms of social, economic, cultural and familiar order, susceptible in influencing the individuals when they are searching a job.The instruments used in this research are based on questionnaire survey and interview. I used these to have an overview of the situation both quantitatively and qualitatively and for a better understanding of the professional integration process. I used the purposeful sample. The results of this research are expected to be able to capture the professional integration process of graduates in sociology from the Lucian Blaga University by identifying some of the factors that influence this process.