bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formin-2 regulates stabilization of filopodial tip adhesions in growth cones and affects neuronal outgrowth and pathfinding in vivo
Authors: Sahasrabudhe Abhishek , Ghate Ketakee , Mutalik Sampada , Jacob Ajesh , Ghose Aurnab 
Published: December 2015

Growth cone filopodia are actin-based mechanosensory structures essential for chemoreception and generation of contractile forces necessary for directional motility. However, little is known about the influence of filopodial actin structures on substrate adhesion and filopodial contractility.
Formin-2 (Fmn2) localizes along filopodial actin bundles and its depletion does not affect filopodia initiation or elongation. However, Fmn2 activity is required for filopodial tip adhesion maturation and the ability of filopodia to generate traction forces. Dysregulation of filopodia in Fmn2 depleted neurons leads to compromised growth cone motility. Additionally, in fibroblasts, Fmn2 regulates ventral stress fiber assembly and affects the stability of focal adhesions. In the developing spinal cord, Fmn2 activity is required cell autonomously for the outgrowth and pathfinding of spinal commissural neurons.
Our results reveal an unanticipated function for Fmn2 in neural development. Fmn2 regulates structurally diverse bundled actin structures, parallel filopodial bundles in growth cones and anti-parallel stress fibers in fibroblasts, in turn modulating the stability of substrate adhesions. We propose Fmn2 as a mediator of actin bundle integrity enabling efficient force transmission to the adhesion sites.
A classification of Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) based on molecular (chloroplast and nuclear), macromorphological, and spore features
Authors: Zhou Xin-Mao , Zhang Li-Bing 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe largest genus of seed‐free vascular plants Selaginella alone constitutes t he family Selaginellaceae, the largest of the lycophyte families. The genus is estimated to contain ca. 800 species distributed on all continents except Antarctica, with the highest species diversity in tropical and subtropical regions. The monophyly of Selaginella has rarely been doubted, in contrast its infrageneric classification has been contentious. In the present study, based on chloroplast and nuclear DNA evidence, macromorphology, spore features, and/or distribution information, Selaginella is classified into six subgenera: S. subg. Selaginella, S. subg. Boreoselaginella, S. subg. Pulviniella, S. subg. Ericetorum, S. subg. Heterostachys, and S. subg. Stachygynandrum. The latter three subgenera are further classified into six, five, and seven sections, respectively. All of these infrageneric divisions, identified with molecular data, are supported by non‐molecular features. A key to infrageneric taxa is given. Thirty‐seven infrageneric taxa published in earlier literature are lectotypified and classified into those infrageneric taxa here recognized. A nomenclatural account of each infrageneric taxon is given.
Molecular phylogenetics, morphology and a revised classification of the complex genus Saxifraga (Saxifragaceae)
Authors: Tkach Natalia , Röser Martin , Miehe Georg , Muellner-Riehl Alexandra N. , Ebersbach Jana , Favre Adrien , Hoffmann Matthias H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSaxifraga, the most species‐rich and taxonomically complex genus of Saxifragaceae, is a characteristic component of temperate to polar climatic zones and of montane to alpine vegetation belts in mountain ranges of the Northern Hemisphere. The genus encompasses more than 440 species, which display notable diversity in growth form, vegetative and reproductive characters, as well as in micromorphology of pollen grains and seeds. Using a large taxon set including representatives attributed to nearly all recognised subgenera, sections and subsections of Saxifraga (altogether 254 species), as well as a broad coverage of outgroup taxa, we inferred evolutionary relationships within Saxifraga, explored the reasons of the striking inconsistencies between previous taxonomic treatments of Saxifraga, estimated the degree of homoplasy in characters frequently employed for classification, assessed the role of hybridisation in the evolution of the genus and, finally, provided a phylogeny‐based framework upon which to revise its taxonomy. The phylogenetic trees based on nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and plastid trnL‐trnF DNA markers, including more than 460 newly generated sequences, were generally highly congruent, except within a single clade (sect. Saxifraga), in which incomplete lineage sorting and presumably allopolyploid speciation plays an important evolutionary role. Major lineages of Saxifraga are concordantly resolved by the DNA markers from both organelles with mostly strong node support. Our molecular phylogenetic results support the recognition of at least 13 sections and 9 subsections within Saxifraga. A part of these lineages agrees well with previously recognised infrageneric groupings, whereas others are differently delineated. Some of the groups identified by molecular phylogenetics are characterised only by the combination of different morphological characters. Frequently, micromorphological characters support the clades in the phylogenetic tree comparatively well. We here provide new ranks for three infrageneric epithets, namely for sect. Saxifragasubsect. Androsaceae and subsect. Arachnoideae and sect. Porphyrion subsect. Squarrosae. Finally, our study identifies remaining taxonomic uncertainties within Saxifraga.
Entangled evolutionary history of Cuscuta pentagona clade: A story involving hybridization and Darwin in the Galapagos
Authors: Costea Mihai , García Miguel A. , Baute Kurtis , Stefanović Saša 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe distribution of Cuscuta subg. Grammica sect. Cleistogrammica (Cuscuta pentagona clade) is centered in North America (C. campestris, C. glabrior, C. harperi, C. pentagona, C. obtusiflora, C. plattensis, C. polygonorum, C. runyonii); however, long ‐distance dispersal was documented to Hawaii (C. sandwichiana), South America (C. gymnocarpa, C. stenolepis, and in part C. obtusiflora), Africa (C. bifurcata, C. schlechteri), Eurasia, and Australia (C. australis). Hybrid speciation has already been documented for some members of sect. Cleistogrammica (C. sandwichiana, C. bifurcata) but previous studies strongly suggested that the extent of reticulate evolution is underestimated in Cuscuta generally, and in this section in particular. Sequence data from the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the plastid trnL‐F region were used to reconstruct the phylogeny and gain a better understanding of the evolutionary history within the clade. Additionally, a morphometric analysis was conducted to test the phenetic distinctiveness of a select number of species with taxonomic problems: C. campestris, C. glabrior, C. gymnocarpa, and C. pentagona. Discordances between phylogenies derived from plastid and nuclear data showed that C. campestris is a hybrid, likely involving the C. runyonii / glabrior lineage as a maternal progenitor and an undiscovered species as a paternal progenitor. This latter species, an extinct or unsampled lineage, was itself inferred to be a hybrid between C. pentagona / harperi and C. australis / obtusiflora / polygonorum lineages. Both the evolutionary and morphometric results clearly showed that C. campestris is a distinct species and the negative consequences of its amalgamation with C. pentagona during the last decades are discussed. Cuscuta gymnocarpa, an enigmatic species described from specimens collected by Darwin from the Galapagos, was inferred as conspecific with C. campestris and proposed as a variety of the latter. Because C. gymnocarpa is only a form of C. campestris, the possible means of dispersal of the latter species to the Galapagos are discussed. Cuscuta modesta, a new species discovered while studying the systematics of the clade, is described and illustrated.
Streptocarpus redefined to include all Afro‐Malagasy Gesneriaceae: Molecular phylogenies prove congruent with geographical distribution and basic chromosome numbers and uncover remarkable morphological homoplasies
Authors: Nishii Kanae , Hughes Mark , Briggs Marie , Haston Elspeth , Christie Frieda , DeVilliers Margaret J. , Hanekom Thea , Roos Wiets G. , Bellstedt Dirk U. , Möller Michael 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe taxonomy of the African, Madagascan and Comoro Island (Afro‐Malagasy) Gesneriaceae attracts a large amount of interest given the horticultural importance of Cape Primroses (Streptocarpus) and African Violets (Saintpaulia). Earlier studies indicated that the Afro‐Malagasy genera form a strongly supported clade, and recent classifications have included some of the genera within an expanded Streptocarpus. Given the global importance of this group, we carried out a comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analysis of all Afro‐Malagasy genera in subfamily Didymocarpoideae, tribe Trichosporeae, subtribe Streptocarpinae, to investigate species relationships in these genera as the basis for a new classification. Phylogenetic analyses of the nuclear ribosomal spacer (ITS, 5S NTS) and chloroplast intron and spacer regions (rpl20‐rps12 spacer, trnL intron, trnLF spacer) of 226 samples were performed, including all Streptocarpinae genera, except the monotypic Nodonema. The molecular phylogenies demonstrate that the genera with non‐twisted fruits are nested within Streptocarpus which has twisted fruits. Two main clades were found, one comprising herbaceous caulescent Streptocarpus that also included Saintpaulia, the caulescents Hovanella and Schizoboea, and the unifoliates Acanthonema and Trachystigma. The second clade comprises the woody caulescents and acaulescent Streptocarpus, Colpogyne and Linnaeopsis. Altogether, twelve well‐supported subclades can be recognized, each with a combination of distinct morphological characteristics. A new classification of tribe Streptocarpinae, de facto Streptocarpus, is presented, retaining the two subgenera, Streptocarpus and Streptocarpella, and dividing them into five and seven sections respectively. Nodonema is attributed to subg. Streptocarpus for morphological reasons. The former genus Saintpaulia is classified as Streptocarpus subg. Streptocarpella sect. Saintpaulia with ten species recognized.
Shainin Methodology: An Alternative or an Effective Complement to Six Sigma?
Authors: Kosina Jan 
Published: December 2015

<div><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief overview of Six Sigma and Shainin RedX® methodology and to propose the modification of Six Sigma methodology in order to achieve the improved efficiency of DMAIC in the diagnostic journey using some of the approaches of Shainin RedX® methodology.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> The diagnostic journey of Six Sigma has been revised by bringing key elements of Shainin RedX® methodology into DMAIC: task domain character of the method, focus on the dominant root-cause, use of the progressive elimination method and the application of a problem-solving strategy.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> This paper presents a proposal of DMAIC framework modification using selected tools and procedures of Shainin RedX® methodology in the diagnostic phase.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> Although the improved methodology is used in the environment of the automotive supplier, in this paper, practical examples are not included in order not to violate the licensing rules applied by Shainin LLC.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> The contribution of this article is the proposal of modified methodology, which should improve the effectiveness of problem-solving.</div>
Management Development Programs and the Aspired Management Style: A Study in Malaysia
Authors: Nurita Juhdi , Wan Jusoh Wan Jamaliah , Supar Norizah , Juhdi Noor Hasni 
Published: December 2015

<div><strong>Purpose:</strong> The study was to examine the relationship between management development programs and the management styles used by junior executives and young managers.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Design/methodology/approach:</strong> Data was collected using survey forms and all the respondents were below 45 years old. They were either professionals or holding middle to higher level positions.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> Only mentoring had significant relationships with all the seven management styles. Mentoring was also found as the only program which was significant predictor to all the management styles. Assessment programs were found having significant relationship with participative style with negative relationship. On-the-job development programs were only significantly related to two management styles. Delegating style was significantly related to all the management development programs. Ethical management style was only significant to mentoring.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Research implications:</strong> HR practitioners should emphasize the use of mentoring with systematic mentoring programs.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Research limitations:</strong> The correlation values among variables were weak-to-moderate and some variables suffered from low Cronbach’s alpha values.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Originality/value:</strong> The paper researched on the outcomes of management development programs by measuring the management styles as perceived by the program participants. </div>
Taking a Holistic Perspective on Technical Communication and Lean
Authors: Ingelsson Pernilla , Löfstedt Ulrika , Bäckström Ingela , Öberg Lena-Maria 
Published: December 2015

<div><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this paper is to present best practices and areas of improvement in Technical Communication (TC) analyzed with Lean values as a base. The purpose is also to analyze the results from a holistic perspective using the Synergy-4 model, a multi-perspective approach which considers four different spheres of an organization at a time in order to discover synergies.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> To fulfill the purpose, 15 interviews in four different companies were conducted. These were then analyzed and the results were categorized into a number of predefined Lean areas. The results from the Lean values were then further analyzed with the Synergy-4 model as a base. </div><div> </div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> Taking a Lean perspective could enhance the status of TC with regard to finding ways to incorporate the customer’s voice more clearly when it comes to strengthening the role of TC. The result from the analyses indicates that Lean and Synergy-4 can enrich each other.</div>
Enhancement of the Quality Assurance Model at the Slovak University: Case Study
Authors: Zgodavova Kristina , Urbancikova Natasa , Kisela Matus 
Published: December 2015

<div><strong>Purpose:</strong> The aim of the paper is to present an enhanced internal quality assurance model based on the requirements of ISO 9001:2015 European Standards and Guidelines (ESG) principles, criteria for accreditation, and data management support in the web-based environment developed within the European Structural Fund (ESF) project.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> A literary survey and personal interviews with university representatives and ICT professionals have been conducted to evaluate and analyse the possibility of the enhanced internal quality assurance model implementation at the university. The SWOT analysis and TELOS framework feasibility study have been used to design the proposal for the decision makers.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Findings:</strong> A case study confirmed the feasibility of an enhanced quality assurance model utilisation and also revealed the possibility of the existing system of quality management improvement concerning the teaching and learning process.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> The study is the output of an ESF project and is supposed to be implemented by top management in the very near future.</div><div> </div><div><strong>Originality:</strong> The originality of the solution is that it connects the existing university QMS to the ESG standards and evaluation criteria for the internal system of quality assurance in Higher Education Institutions (HEI) in Slovakia. The case study showed that the utilisation of a web-based quality management system has many advantages in comparison to the existing decentralised data management system. </div>
Yong-Shik Lee, “Call for a New Analytical Model for Law and Development”: A Comment
Authors: Hubbard William H. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn his recent article, “Call for a New Analytical Model for Law and Development,” Yong-Shik Lee undertakes an ambitious pair of tasks: to redefine the field of law and development, and to provide a guiding framework for future work on law and development. In this short comment, I argue that, with some qualifications, Lee’s efforts promise to provide a healthy degree of coherence to an inevitably eclectic field.
Redefining and Analyzing “Development” and the Role and Rule of Law
Authors: Crawford Colin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article introduces a series of articles prepared in connection with an April 2015 conference jointly sponsored by the Law & Development Institute and the Payson Center for International Development at Tulane University Law School. The introduction first surveys the uncertain and chaotic terrain of current and competing definitions of development and then introduces the articles in this special volume, identifying common themes and differences. In the process, the introduction suggests, law and development studies present great promise to provide greater coherence to development studies and practice going ahead, providing the approach is pluralist and inclusive.
Stimulant Medication and Psychotic Symptoms in Offspring of Parents With Mental Illness
Authors: MacKenzie Lynn E. , Abidi Sabina , Fisher Helen L. , Propper Lukas , Bagnell Alexa , Morash-Conway Jessica , Glover Jacqueline M. , Cumby Jill , Hajek Tomas , Schultze-Lutter Frauke , Pajer Kathleen , Alda Martin , Uher Rudolf 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND:
Stimulants, such as methylphenidate, are among the most commonly used medications in children and adolescents. Psychotic symptoms have been reported as rare adverse reactions to stimulants but have not been systematically inquired about in most previous studies. Family history of mental illness may increase the vulnerability to drug-induced psychotic symptoms. We examined the association between stimulant use and psychotic symptoms in sons and daughters of parents with major mood and psychotic disorders.

METHODS:
We assessed psychotic symptoms, psychotic-like experiences, and basic symptoms in 141 children and youth (mean ± SD age: 11.8 ± 4.0 years; range: 6–21 years), who had 1 or both parents with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, or schizophrenia, and of whom 24 (17.0%) had taken stimulant medication.

RESULTS:
Psychotic symptoms were present in 62.5% of youth who had taken stimulants compared with 27.4% of participants who had never taken stimulants. The association between stimulant use and psychotic experiences remained significant after adjustment for potential confounders (odds ratio: 4.41; 95% confidence interval: 1.82–10.69; P = .001) and was driven by hallucinations occurring during the use of stimulant medication. A temporal relationship between use of stimulants and psychotic symptoms was supported by an association between current stimulant use and current psychotic symptoms and co-occurrence in cases that were assessed on and off stimulants.

CONCLUSIONS:
Psychotic symptoms should be monitored during the use of stimulants in children and adolescents. Family history of mood and psychotic disorders may need to be taken into account when considering the prescription of stimulants.
A new family of primitive serphitoid wasps in Lebanese amber (Hymenoptera: Serphitoidea)
Authors: Engel Michael S. 
Published: December 2015

A new family of serphitoid wasps (Bipetiolarida: Serphitoidea) is described and figured as <strong>Archaeoserphitidae</strong> Engel, new family. The family is based on <em><strong>Archaeoserphites melqarti</strong></em> Engel, new genus and species, preserved in Early Cretaceous amber from Lebanon, and shares with Serphitidae a two-segmented, tubular petiole. <em>Archaeoserphites</em> have several primitive features relative to Serphitidae (<em>e.g</em>., reduced pterostigma, similar to many chalcidoids; a greater number of flagellomeres; a distinct malar sulcus), while simultaneously exhibiting its own derived features (<em>e.g</em>., angulate lower face, with clypeus downward; smaller mandibles; large pronotum; fused propleura). Diagnoses of and keys to the higher taxa of Bipetiolarida are provided, and the subfamily <strong>Microserphitinae</strong> Engel, new subfamily, is established.
Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Barriers regarding cervical cancer and its screening using Pap smear, in rural women of Ba, Lautoka and Nadi, Fiji.
Authors: Naidu Swaran , Heller Gillian , Qalomaiwasa George , Naidu Sheetal , Gyaneshwar Rajat 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Fiji has a high rate of cervical cancer, which is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in women in the country. Less than 10% of women are screened for cervical cancer in Fiji.In this paper we report the result of a study on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Barriers (KAPB) to cervical cancer and its screening with Pap smears, conducted on 1505 rural women in Fiji.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To assess the knowledge, attitudes, practice and barriers to cervical cancer and it’s screening with Pap smears in rural women of Ba, Lautoka and Nadi, in Fiji.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Structured questionnaires were administered to women presenting to a rural outreach Reproductive Health education and clinics, by trained health educators to ascertain their Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice and Barriers to cervical cancer and its screening with Pap smears.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Seventy two percent of rural women had no knowledge of cervical cancer and 80% had no knowledge of the risk factors of cervical cancer. Lack of knowledge was significantly different for age groups (p=0.006), education levels and employment status(p&lt;0.001) and ethnicity (p=0.022). Those groups with lowest knowledge were teenagers (18 to 19 years); those with less education; and iTaukei respondents. Of the respondents who had at least some knowledge of the Pap smear, 75% had had a Pap test. Of those who had no knowledge of the Pap smear, only 45% had had the test (p&lt;0.001). Of those who did not have a Pap smear the commonest barrier was lack of knowledge at 46.3% and fear of procedure was 29.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: More education is required to acquaint women in rural Fiji about cervical cancer, its associated risk factors as well as the benefits of cervical cancer screening programs and other prevention strategies. </p>