bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Motor Fault Detection and Isolation for Multi-Rotor UAVs Based on External Wrench Estimation and Recurrent Deep Neural Network
Authors: Cacace Jonathan , Scognamiglio Vincenzo , Ruggiero Fabio , Lippiello Vincenzo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFast detection of motor failures is crucial for multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) safety. It is well established in the literature that UAVs can adopt fault-tolerant control strategies to fly even when losing one or more rotors. We present a motor fault detection and isolation (FDI) method for multi-rotor UAVs based on an external wrench estimator and a recurrent neural network composed of long short-term memory nodes. The proposed approach considers the partial or total motor fault as an external disturbance acting on the UAV. Hence, the devised external wrench estimator trains the network to promptly understand whether the estimated wrench comes from a motor fault (also identifying the motor) or from unmodelled dynamics or external effects (i.e., wind, contacts, etc.). Training and testing have been performed in a simulation environment endowed with a physic engine, considering different UAV models operating under unknown external disturbances and unexpected motor faults. To further assess this approach’s effectiveness, we compare our method’s performance with a classical model-based technique. The collected results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed FDI approach.
Wearable devices as part of postoperative early warning score systems: a scoping review
Authors: Bignami E. G. , Panizzi M. , Bezzi F. , Mion M. , Bagnoli M. , Bellini V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Postoperative deterioration is often preceded by abnormalities in vital parameters, but limited resources prevent their continuous monitoring in patients with no indication to ICU admission. The development of new technologies allowed the introduction of wearable devices (WDs), enabling the possibility of postoperative monitoring in surgical wards. We performed a Scoping Review to determine the current use of wearable devices as part of Continuous Remote Early Warning Score (CREWS) systems and their efficiency during postoperative period. This Scoping Review was conducted according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PICO framework was used before the search to define the review protocol. Systematic literature research has been performed on PubMed, MeSH, MEDLINE and Embase, considering a period between 2018 and February 2024. Prospective and retrospective studies involving patients undergoing cardiac and non-cardiac surgery are included. A total of 10 articles were included in the review. 11 different CE/FDA approved wearable devices were used in the studies analyzed. In all studies the WDs were applied the day of the surgery. The use of WDs as part of CREWS systems is feasible and safe. Furthermore, with the aid of other technologies (LoRa and Artificial Intelligence), they shorten Length of Stay (LOS) and reduce the number of ICU admissions with a reduction in healthcare costs. Continuous monitoring in surgical departments can facilitate the correct and timely identification of postoperative complications. This article is a starting point for the development of new protocols and for the application of these monitoring systems in clinical practice.
Computing optimal drug dosing regarding efficacy and safety: the enhanced OptiDose method in NONMEM
Authors: Bachmann Freya , Koch Gilbert , Bauer Robert J. , Steffens Britta , Szinnai Gabor , Pfister Marc , Schropp Johannes 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecently, an optimal dosing algorithm (OptiDose) was developed to compute the optimal drug doses for any pharmacometrics model for a given dosing scenario. In the present work, we enhance the OptiDose concept to compute optimal drug dosing with respect to both efficacy and safety targets. Usually, these are not of equal importance, but one is a top priority, that needs to be satisfied, whereas the other is a secondary target and should be achieved as good as possible without failing the top priority target. Mathematically, this leads to state-constrained optimal control problems. In this paper, we elaborate how to set up such problems and transform them into classical unconstrained optimal control problems which can be solved in NONMEM. Three different optimal dosing tasks illustrate the impact of the proposed enhanced OptiDose method.
Exploring the Transformative Aftereffects of Religious Experiences on Pilgrims Along the Camino de Santiago in Spain
Authors: Brumec Snežana , Roszak Piotr 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines religious experiences (REs) and their transformative aftereffects (TAs) among pilgrims on the Camino de Santiago. Analyzing 32 travelogue testimonies and survey data from 501 participants, it identifies three key dimensions of post-RE transformations: heightened Unity and Love, a strong commitment to the Apostolic Mission, and expanded Spirituality, Wisdom, and Detachment. Pilgrims report a shift toward greater love, unity with nature, and sharing insights, as well as increased spirituality and reduced materialism. The study finds significant correlations between TAs and individuals prioritizing their relationship with God and regular religious practices, highlighting REs’ impact on societal values and beliefs.
Comprehensive analysis of thermo-mechanical responses in collapsible soil under varied water content conditions
Authors: Ali Nehal , Metwally Mohamed , Elsawwaf Mostafa , Nazir Ashraf 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this research, the effect of both temperature gradients and varied water content on heat transfer in collapsible soil is investigated. The study based on one-dimensional laboratory setup, soil temperature distribution in proximity to a heat source, was examined across four distinct temperatures (ranging from 50 to 200 °C) under varying water content (0%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). Through steady-state conditions and extended measurements over days, data were collected to compare soil thermal conductivity at 10% water content using two different methods. The first method required some of soil characteristics, such as dry density and optimum water content, while the second method relied on heating parameters and supplied heating content. A robust agreement between thermal conductivity values obtained through these two methods was observed. Correlations from experimental data were analyzed to enrich understanding, and multivariate linear regression was employed to predict the thermal conductivity and resistivity of collapsible soils. Results indicated that the higher soil density, the increasing the thermal conductivity, whereas greater soil porosity exhibited the opposite trend. Elevated temperatures were found to enhance soil density, influencing the spatiotemporal distribution of heat within the soil. This research contributes valuable insights into the dynamic behavior of heat transfer in collapsible soil, emphasizing the complex interaction of temperature gradients and water content variations. The findings of this study can advance the development of efficient and sustainable geothermal systems in regions with collapsible soils, potentially enhancing the design and management of structures built on such soils, especially in arid and semi-arid areas.
Best practices for studies using digital data donation
Authors: Carrière Thijs C. , Boeschoten Laura , Struminskaya Bella , Janssen Heleen L. , de Schipper Niek C. , Araujo Theo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDigital trace data form a rich, growing source of data for social sciences and humanities. Data donation offers an innovative and ethical approach to collect these digital trace data. In data donation studies, participants request a copy of the digital trace data a data controller (e.g., large digital social media or video platforms) collected about them. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation obliges platforms to provide such a copy. Next, the participant can choose to share (part of) this data copy with the researcher. This way, the researcher can obtain the digital trace data of interest with active consent of the participant. Setting up a data donation study involves several steps and considerations. If executed poorly, these steps might threaten a study’s quality. In this paper, we introduce a workflow for setting up a robust data donation study. This workflow is based on error sources identified in the Total Error Framework for data donation by Boeschoten et al. (2022a) as well as on experiences in earlier data donation studies by the authors. The workflow is discussed in detail and linked to challenges and considerations for each step. We aim to provide a starting point with guidelines for researchers seeking to set up and conduct a data donation study.
Role of Ca in Ni-Ca/Fumed-SiO2 Catalysts for CO2 Catalytic Conversion to Methane
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Aheed Ali , Ebrahimi Parisa , Yuda Afdhal , Al-Marri Mohammed J. , Kumar Anand , Ali Mohammed , Saad H. S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the role of calcium in facilitating the carbon dioxide methanation reaction over nickel supported on fumed-SiO2 catalysts. The wet impregnation method was used to prepare Ni/fumed-SiO2 catalysts with three different Ca loadings for CO2 conversion. As part of the investigation into the effects of Ca concentration and reaction conditions on the structural and morphological properties of the catalysts, various techniques including XRD, BET, SEM, TPR and TEM were used for both fresh and used catalyst samples. The findings showed that the addition of 0.5% Ca increases the catalyst reducibility, promotes dispersion of Ni sites on the surface of fumed SiO2 support and prevents the metal from agglomerating. Evaluation of catalytic results showed that the performance of 10%Ni-0.5Ca/fumed-SiO2 was superior to the other tested catalysts, with CO2 conversion and CH4 yield of 76% and ~ 40% at 650 °C, respectively.
Molecular detection of lumpy skin disease virus in naturally infected cattle and buffaloes: unveiling the role of tick vectors in disease spread
Authors: Zeedan Gamil S. G. , Abdalhamed Abeer M. , Allam Ahmad M. , Abdel-Shafy Sobhy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLumpy skin disease (LSD) is a viral disease that affects cattle and buffaloes in Egypt, causing considerable economic losses in the animal sector. This study aimed to investigate the recent outbreak of LSDV in cattle and buffaloes and evaluate the potential role of the hard tick Rhipicephalus annulatus in their transmission through isolation and molecular characterization by multiplex PCR (mPCR) and real-time quantitative PCR (rt-qPCR) assays. A total of 50 skin biopsies (cattle n = 30, buffaloes n = 20), 110 nasal swabs (cattle n = 76, buffaloes n = 44), and 129 blood samples (cattle n = 84, buffaloes n = 45) were collected. In addition, 145 hard ticks of different stages were collected from cattle and buffaloes of different breeds and ages in different governorates in Egypt from November 2021 to June 2022. Multiplex PCR and real-time quantitative PCR (rt-qPCR) assays based on SYBR Green and targets (P32, VP32, G protein, and viral fusion protein) were used. We identified positive results in 17 out of 30 cattle skin biopsies (56.6%), 1 out of 7 buffalo skin scabs (14.3%), and 5 out of 45 buffalo blood samples (11.11%) using mPCR and RT-qPCR methods. We successfully isolated LSDV from hard ticks and cattle infested with ticks and exhibited characteristic signs of LSD on the chorioallantois membrane (CAM) of specific pathogen-free embryonated chicken eggs (SPF-ECE). The isolates were confirmed by multiplex PCR and RT-qPCR. The cyclic threshold (Ct) with correlation-slandered curve values of rt-qPCR ranging from 10.2 to 36.5 showed the amount of LSDV-DNA in different samples. The study's findings demonstrated the widespread circulation of LSDV in both cattle and buffaloes in Egypt and provided strong evidence that hard ticks R. annulatus play a role in the transmission of LSDV in susceptible animals.
Sustainable use of coffee roasting by-products: development of high value-added gummy candies
Authors: Boninsegna Miriam Arianna , Cilea Iolanda , Piscopo Amalia , De Bruno Alessandra , Poiana Marco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe sustainable utilization of production wastes in the agri-food sector is an increasing challenge. This work aims to evaluate the applicability of coffee silverskin, the main by-product of coffee roasting, in the formulation of gummy candies. Firstly, the experimental plan envisaged the extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds from coffee silverskin. The influence of different concentrations of coffee silverskin extract (1%, 2%, and 4%) was then evaluated on chemical, physical, microbiological, structural, and sensory gummy candies characteristics for 120 storage days. Candies formulated without coffee silverskin extract were used as control. The results up to 120 days of storage revealed the higher quality of gummy candies enriched with 1%, 2% and 4% coffee silverskin extract not only for their bioactive content, ranging from 147.9 to 161.1 mg GAE Kg -1 of phenolic compounds, but also for their antioxidant activity, with values at the end of storage of 15.06, 30.25, 31.50 and 28.20 µmol TE g-1 respectively in control and gummy candies enriched with 1%, 2% and 4% coffee silverskin extract. Moreover, all the candies enriched with silverskin coffee extract showed better physical and sensory characteristics compared to the control taste. The results show that the proposed use of silver coffee skin improves and preserves the quality of gummy candies and then be employed as an ingredient to improve the quality of confectionery products.
A novel route to produce metal or ceramic parts in space: local debinding and sintering of powdered filaments
Authors: Ortega Varela de Seijas Manuel , Bardenhagen Andreas , Rohr Thomas , Stoll Enrico 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn-space manufacturing of polymer feedstocks has already been shown using the widely investigated filament extrusion additive manufacturing (AM) technology. Yet, polymers are only a small piece of the puzzle, and there is a growing demand to locally source metal and ceramic parts. In this manuscript, we propose a cost-effective method for in-orbit manufacturing of metal and ceramic multi-material components using highly packed powdered filaments, which need to be shaped, debinded, and sintered in sequential steps. Traditional debinding and sintering of material extrusion (MEX) AM parts are known to be time-consuming and require complex post-processing, often involving toxic debinding agents. To overcome this, a low-intensity infrared diode laser and an induction heater are coupled to a hybrid MEX system to allow full processing in situ, within the same volume. The results show that the main binder matrix can be removed across the 3D volume of the part via laser ablation of the polymeric mass, even for multi-material metal–ceramic composites. The sintered geometries further densify efficiently within the bulk due to the high-energy concentration of the induction sintering treatment, providing short processing times. Debinding and sintering locally, in the same machine, offer a simple and effective way to produce space hardware in situ, avoiding the use of consumables or part transportation to bulky equipment.
Exploring the Probiotic Potential of Bacteroides spp. Within One Health Paradigm
Authors: Tufail Muhammad Aammar , Schmitz Ruth A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractProbiotics are pivotal in maintaining or restoring the balance of human intestinal microbiota, a crucial factor in mitigating diseases and preserving the host’s health. Exploration into Bacteroides spp. reveals substantial promise in their development as next-generation probiotics due to their profound interaction with host immune cells and capability to regulate the microbiome’s metabolism by significantly impacting metabolite production. These beneficial bacteria exhibit potential in ameliorating various health issues such as intestinal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, behavioral disorders, and even cancer. Though it’s important to note that a high percentage of them are as well opportunistic pathogens, posing risks under certain conditions. Studies highlight their role in modifying immune responses and improving health conditions by regulating lymphocytes, controlling metabolism, and preventing inflammation and cancer. The safety and efficacy of Bacteroides strains are currently under scrutiny by the European Commission for authorization in food processing, marking a significant step towards their commercialization. The recent advancements in bacterial isolation and sequencing methodologies, coupled with the integration of Metagenome-Assembled Genomes (MAGs) binning from metagenomics data, continue to unveil the potential of Bacteroides spp., aiding in the broader understanding and application of these novel probiotics in health and disease management.
Feynman diagrams: visualization of phenomena and diagrammatic representation
Authors: Forgione Marco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractI will argue that the development of Feynman diagrams came from the physicist’s capacity of visualizing phenomena and that such visualization-skill contributed to the forming of a narrative explanation in the sense of Wise (2011) and Morgan (2001). The second part of the paper explores the extent to which Feynman diagrams can be considered as weak representations of quantum phenomena. I will review some of the most common arguments in support of the instrumentalist view and I will suggest that a form of weak representation that does not imply ontological commitment can be applied to the diagrams. Such a form of weak representation will be characterized as non-denotative, intentional, and as conveying a physical interpretation through narrative explanations.
Reproducibility of operating potentials for a C12A7 electride plasma-based cathode with constant keeper current control
Authors: Drobny Christian , Tajmar Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHollow Cathodes are fundamental components for electric propulsion systems. In recent publications, the performance of a planar C12A7 electride cathode has been presented with promising results. This includes the endurance operation of the cathode, the heaterless ignition cycling, and the general performance mapping over a wide range of parameters. The present publication will add to these publications, presenting results of only one defined set of discharge parameters, allowing a statistical evaluation of repeated discharge operations. Overall, exceptable repeatability of the performance could be evaluated, confirming the overall performance trends observed in previous campaigns. The cathode was operated in self-heating mode using krypton as propellant in a current range of 100 mA to 600 mA. A discharge potential of 30 V with a slight increase for lower discharge currents is reported. Furthermore, means to reduce the variation in the test results by increasing the keeper current have been identified.
From trade-off to synergy: how nutrient status modulates plant resistance to herbivorous insects?
Authors: Li Zhi-Xing , Tan Jin-Fang , Yao Nan , Xie Ruo-Han 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe principle of the “growth-defense trade-off” governs how plants adjust their growth and defensive strategies in response to external factors, impacting interactions among plants, herbivorous insects, and their natural enemies. Mineral nutrients are crucial in modulating plant growth and development through their bottom-up effects. Emerging evidence has revealed complex regulatory networks that link mineral nutrients to plant defense responses, influencing the delicate balance between growth and defense against herbivores. This review aims to summarize recent advances that elucidate the impact of nutrient availability on plant defense responses. Particularly, we focus on how nutrient status shapes plant resistance to herbivores, delving into the molecular mechanisms underlying this physiological process. Moreover, the interplay between mineral nutrients and various herbivore defense mechanisms, including physical protection, plant hormone signaling, defensive metabolite production, and volatile organic compound emissions that deter herbivores or attract their natural enemies, are discussed. This comprehensive review sets the stage for future investigations into the intricate crosstalk between nutrient signaling and plant defense responses, which serves as a central mechanism to guide sustainable pest management approaches, thereby promoting balanced agroecosystem health and enhancing plant ecosystem productivity and resilience.
Repulsive guidance molecules b (RGMb): molecular mechanism, function and role in diseases
Authors: Zhang Jie , Jiang Yijing , Zhang Zijian , Li Shilin , Fan Haowen , Gu Jinhua , Mao Renfang , Xu Xiaohong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Repulsive guidance molecule b (RGMb), a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored member of the RGM family, is initially identified as a co-receptor of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) in the nervous system. The expression of RGMb is transcriptionally regulated by dorsal root ganglion 11 (DRG11), which is a transcription factor expressed in embryonic DRG and dorsal horn neurons and plays an important role in the development of sensory circuits. RGMb is involved in important physiological processes such as embryonic development, immune response, intercellular adhesion and tumorigenesis. Furthermore, RGMb is mainly involved in the regulation of RGMb–neogenin–Rho and BMP signalling pathways. The recent discovery of programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2)–RGMb binding reveals that the cell signalling network and functional regulation centred on RGMb are extremely complex. The latest report suggests that down-regulation of the PD-L2–RGMb pathway in the gut microbiota promotes an anti-tumour immune response, which defines a potentially effective immune strategy. However, the biological function of RGMb in a variety of human diseases has not been fully determined, and will remain an active research field. This article reviews the properties and functions of RGMb, focusing on its role under various physiological and pathological conditions.