bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic RNAi in western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, does not involve transitive pathways
Authors: Li Huarong , Bowling Andrew J. , Gandra Premchand , Rangasamy Murugesan , Pence Heather E. , McEwan Robert E. , Khajuria Chitvan , Siegfried Blair D. , Narva Kenneth E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWestern corn rootworm (WCR, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) is highly sensitive to orally delivered double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA). RNAi in WCR is systemic and spreads throughout the insect body. This raises the question whether transitive RNAi is a mechanism that functions in WCR to amplify the RNAi response via production of secondary siRNA. Secondary siRNA production is achieved through RNA‐dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) activity in other eukaryotic organisms, but RdRP has not been identified in WCR and any other insects. This study visualized the spread of the RNAi‐mediated knockdown of Dv v‐ATPase C mRNA throughout the WCR gut and other tissues using high‐sensitivity branched DNA in situ hybridization. Furthermore, we did not detect either secondary siRNA production or transitive RNAi in WCR through siRNA sequence profile analysis. Nucleotide mismatched sequences introduced into either the sense or antisense strand of v‐ATPase C dsRNAs were maintained in siRNAs derived from WCR fed with the mismatched dsRNAs in a strand specific manner. The distribution of all siRNAs was restricted to within the original target sequence regions, which may indicate the lack of new dsRNA synthesis leading to production of secondary siRNA. Thus, the systemic spread of RNAi in WCR may be derived from the original dsRNA molecules taken up from the gut lumen. These results indicate that the initial dsRNA dose is important for a lethal systemic RNAi response in WCR and have implications in developing effective dsRNA traits to control WCR and in resistance management to prolong the durability of RNAi trait technology.
Safety of atorvastatin in Asian patients within clinical trials
Authors: Chan Juliana C. N. , Kong Alice P. S. , Bao Weihang , Fayyad Rana , Laskey Rachel 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionData on statin safety in Asian patients are limited compared with evidence from Western populations.AimThis study assessed atorvastatin safety among Asian patients enrolled in 58 randomized clinical trials.MethodsData from 52 short‐term trials (median exposure 4–72 weeks) and six long‐term cardiovascular outcomes trials (median exposure 3.1–4.9 years) conducted across the atorvastatin 10–80‐mg dose range were analyzed retrospectively to assess the incidence of safety endpoints.ResultsA total of 77 952 patients were identified (49 974 received atorvastatin), among whom 3191 were Asian (2519 received atorvastatin). In the short‐term trials, the incidence of all‐causality adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) in Asian patients treated with atorvastatin was similar to or lower than that observed with other statins or placebo, and discontinuations due to treatment‐related AEs/SAEs were infrequent (2.0% across all doses). These observations were confirmed in the long‐term trials. Treatment‐related SAEs were rare (n = 4) among Asian patients receiving atorvastatin. No cases of rhabdomyolysis were observed in atorvastatin‐treated Asian patients, and the incidence of myalgia was 1.8% in the short‐term studies and 6.7% in the long‐term trials. Elevations (>3× the upper limit of normal) in liver transaminases were observed in ~2% of Asian patients receiving atorvastatin; renal AEs occurred in <2%.ConclusionThe incidence of AEs/SAEs with atorvastatin 10–40‐mg in patients of Asian origin was low and comparable to placebo. Further evaluation of atorvastatin 80‐mg is required owing to the limited number of Asian patients (n = 281; 11.2%) who received this dose.
Safety of Computer Interpretation of Normal Triage Electrocardiograms
Authors: Hughes Katie E. , Lewis Scott M. , Katz Laurence , Jones Jonathan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesFrequent interruptions within the emergency department may lead to errors that negatively impact patient care. The immediate review of electrocardiograms (ECGs) obtained from triage patients is one source of interruption. Limiting triage ECGs requiring immediate attending review to those interpreted by the computer as abnormal may be one way to reduce interruption. We hypothesize that triage ECGs interpreted by the computer as “normal ECG” are unlikely to have clinical significance that would affect triage care.MethodsAll triage ECGs performed at the University of North Carolina were collected between November 14, 2014, and March 3, 2015, according to a standard nursing triage protocol using GE machines running Marquette 12SL software. Triage ECGs with a computer interpretation of “normal ECG” were compared to an attending cardiologist's final interpretation. Triage ECGs for which the cardiologist's interpretation differed from the computer interpretation of normal ECG were presented to two emergency physicians (EPs) blinded to the goals of the study. The physicians were asked to evaluate the ECG for clinical significance. Clinical significance was defined as any change from normal that would alter triage care. Triage ECGs were considered true negatives if either the cardiologist agreed with the normal computer interpretation or if both EPs agreed that the ECG did not show clinical significance.ResultsA total of 855 triage ECGs were collected over 16 weeks. A total of 222 (26%) were interpreted by the computer as normal. The negative predictive value for a triage ECGs interpreted by the computer as “normal” was calculated to be 99% (95% confidence interval = 97% to 99%). Of the ECGs with a computer interpretation of normal ECG, 13 had an interpretation by an attending cardiologist other than normal. Two attending EPs reviewed these triage ECGs. One of the 13 ECGs was found to have clinical significance that would alter triage care by one of the EPs. The stated triage intervention was “bed immediately.”ConclusionsOur data suggest that triage ECGs identified by the computer as normal are unlikely to have clinical significance that would change triage care. Eliminating physician review of triage ECGs with a computer interpretation of normal may be a safe way to improve patient care by decreasing physician interruptions.
Goal‐directed Focused Ultrasound Milestones Revised: A Multiorganizational Consensus
Authors: Nelson Mathew , Abdi Amin , Adhikari Srikar , Boniface Michael , Bramante Robert M. , Egan Daniel J. , Matthew Fields J. , Leo Megan M. , Liteplo Andrew S. , Liu Rachel , Nomura Jason T. , Pigott David C. , Raio Christopher C. , Ruskis Jennifer , Strony Robert , Thom Chris , Lewiss Resa E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn 2012 the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education and the American Board of Emergency Medicine released the emergency medicine milestones. The Patient Care 12 (PC12) subcompetency delineates staged and progressive accomplishment in emergency ultrasound. While valuable as an initial framework for ultrasound resident education, there are limitations to PC12. This consensus paper provides a revised description of criteria to define the subcompetency. A multiorganizational task force was formed between the American College of Emergency Physicians Ultrasound Section, the Council of Emergency Medicine Residency Directors, and the Academy of Emergency Ultrasound of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine. Representatives from each organization created this consensus document and revision.
Bone mineral density in women treated for various types of gynecological cancer
Authors: Lee Suk Woo , Yeo Seung Geun , Oh In‐Hwan , Yeo Joon Hyung , Park Dong Choon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimPatients with gynecologic cancer frequently experience bone loss due to cancer treatments, including bilateral oophorectomy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This study evaluated treatment‐associated changes in bone mineral density (BMD) in women with gynecologic cancer and compared changes among patients with different types of gynecologic cancer.MethodsBMD of the lumbar spine and femur was retrospectively analyzed using dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in 118 women who underwent treatment for gynecological cancers and 132 women without gynecologic cancers. The cohort included 55 women with cervical cancer who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy, 33 with endometrial cancer (EC) who underwent surgery followed by adjuvant radiation therapy and 30 with ovarian cancer who underwent bilateral oophorectomy followed by adjuvant platinum‐based chemotherapy. Lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD were assessed at baseline and 12 months after treatment. Areal BMD, expressed as grams of mineral/cm2 scanned, was compared with that in young healthy women (T‐score).ResultsDemographic characteristics and pretreatment BMDs, including T‐scores, did not differ among cancer types. After adjustment for factors that can affect T‐score, cancer type affected change in T‐score 12 months after treatment. After adjustment for pretreatment age, parity, BMI and T‐score, T‐score 12 months after treatment was significantly lower in the EC than in the other groups.ConclusionsWomen treated for gynecological cancer, particularly those with EC who undergo bilateral oophorectomy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy or chemotherapy, should be managed in a timely manner to prevent or minimize bone loss.
Continuous Pringle maneuver does not affect outcomes of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after curative resection
Authors: Xu Wei , Xu Haifeng , Yang Huayu , Liao Wenjun , Ge Penglei , Ren Jinjun , Sang Xinting , Lu Xin , Zhong Shouxian , Mao Yilei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo investigate whether the use of continuous Pringle maneuver (PM) adversely impacts the outcome of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).MethodsFrom January 1989 to January 2011, 586 HCC patients who underwent curative resection in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were identified from the database. Continuous PM was performed in 290 patients (PM group), including 163 patients with a hepatic inflow occlusion time of <15 min (PM‐1 group) and 127 with 15–30 min (PM‐2 group). An additional 296 patients underwent partial hepatectomy without inflow occlusion (occlusion‐free, OF group).ResultsThe PM group showed less estimated blood loss during hepatectomy than the OF group (P = 0.005) and the two groups experienced similar incidence of perioperative complications. There were no significant differences in either overall survival or disease‐free survival (DFS) between the PM and OF groups (P = 0.117 and 0.291, respectively), and between the PM‐1 and PM‐2 groups (P = 0.344 and 0.103, respectively). Hepatic inflow occlusion and occlusion time were not independent risk factors for OS or DFS.ConclusionsContinuous PM effectively reduces intraoperative bleeding and does not adversely impact the outcomes of HCC patients. It remains a valuable tool in hepatic resection, even difficult, complicated resections requiring prolonged clamping times.
Gene expression of MAGE‐A3 and PRAME tumor antigens and EGFR mutational status in Taiwanese non–small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Pan Szu‐Hua , Su Kang‐Yi , Spiessens Bart , Kusuma Nicole , Delahaye Nicolas F , Gruselle Olivier , Myo Aung , de Creus An , Louahed Jamila , Chang Gee‐Cheng , Yu Sung‐Liang , Yang Pan‐Chyr 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAimTo determine the frequency of expression of the tumor‐associated antigens (TAAs) melanoma‐associated antigen A3 (MAGE‐A3) and preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) and the rate of EGFR mutations in a Taiwanese non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) population including only adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas. Furthermore, to investigate associations between TAA expression and EGFR mutations and to evaluate these TAAs as prognostic markers for overall survival. The occurrence of single nucleotide polymorphisms in MAGEA3 and PRAME was also assessed.MethodsArchival fresh‐frozen tumor tissue specimens were tested by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays to detect MAGE‐A3 and PRAME expression. EGFR mutations were detected by mass spectroscopy and single nucleotide polymorphisms by gene sequencing.ResultsOf the 156 adenocarcinomas examined, 3.3% expressed MAGE‐A3, 32.2% expressed PRAME and 62.8% had EGFR mutations. Of the 128 squamous cell carcinomas, 29.8% expressed MAGE‐A3, 59.2% expressed PRAME and 20.5% harbored EGFR mutations. TAA expression was similar across subgroups determined by patient or tumor characteristics. There was no association between TAA expression and EGFR mutation status and TAA expression was found not to be a prognostic marker for survival. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified, one of which with a possible impact on MAGE‐A3 expression.ConclusionsIn this NSCLC population, expression of MAGE‐A3 and PRAME was more frequent in squamous cell carcinomas than in adenocarcinomas tumors. EGFR mutations were not associated with TAA expression for either histology and were three times more frequent in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas tumors.
Predictive value of maternal serum NF‐κB p65 and sTREM‐1 for subclinical chorioamnionitis in premature rupture of membranes
Authors: Wang Fan , Wang Yuhuan , Wang Rongyue , Qiu Haifan , Chen Lulu 
Published: August 2016

ProblemThe aim of this study was to investigate the levels of nuclear factor kappa B‐p65 (NF‐κB p65) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells‐1 (sTREM‐1) in maternal blood with premature rupture of membranes (PROM) and to assess their values for prediction of subclinical chorioamnionitis.MethodNF‐κB p65 and sTREM‐1 levels were measured in maternal blood and cord blood by fluorescence quantitative RT‐PCR assay. According to the placental membranes pathological examination, pregnant women with PROM were divided into chorioamnionitis group (n=28) and non‐chorioamnionitis group (n=22).ResultsIn the PROM group,the NF‐κB p65 and sTREM‐1 levels in maternal blood were significantly higher in women with chorioamnionitis than women without chorioamnionitis (P<.05). The cutoff value of maternal NF‐κB p65, sTREM‐1, C‐reactive protein (CRP), and WBC level were 6.73, 2.93, 6.75 mg/L, and 10.8×109/L, respectively, through analysis of the area under the ROC curve (AUC). The optimal combination test was detection of maternal blood NF‐κB p65 and CRP levels, which resulted in a sensitivity of 89.3% and a specificity of 72.7% for the prediction of subclinical chorioamnionitis.ConclusionCombined measurements of maternal NF‐κB p65 and CRP levels may be used as early biological indicators that predict subclinical chorioamnionitis in premature rupture of membranes.
Fundus autofluorescence lifetimes are increased in non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Schmidt Johanna , Peters Sven , Sauer Lydia , Schweitzer Dietrich , Klemm Matthias , Augsten Regine , Müller Nicolle , Hammer Martin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo discriminate non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) patients from healthy controls by fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO).MethodsA prototype FLIO (Heidelberg‐Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) was used to examine the retina of 33 patients and 28 controls. As increased fluorescence of the diabetic lens is known, the lenses of 34 patients and 24 controls were investigated as well. Time‐resolved decay was detected in two spectral channels (ch1: 498–560 nm, ch2: 560–720 nm) and approximated by a series of three exponential functions yielding in lifetimes (τ1, τ2, τ3), amplitudes (α1, α2, α3) and their amplitude‐weighted means (τm).ResultsSignificant differences between patients and controls were found for all fundus lifetime components (τm, τ1‐τ3) as for the amplitude α3 in both spectral channels. Channel 1 showed the largest differences: the average of mean fluorescence lifetime τm in the macula was 259 ± 137 ps in the patients versus 147 ± 69 ps in the controls.A logistic regression model allowed discrimination between study and control group with a sensitivity of 90.09% and a specificity of 71.4% (area under the curve: 0.865).Significantly shorter τm in the patients group than in the control group was detected in channel 2 in the crystalline lens (1587 ± 326 ps versus 1854 ± 384 ps, p = 0.006).ConclusionsFundus Fluorescence lifetimes are significantly increased in NPDR while lens lifetimes are shorter in the patient group. Lifetime changes might be indicative for the accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which enables detection of the disease with high sensitivity and specificity possibly bearing diagnostic merit.
Role of artificial tears in reducing the recurrence of pterygium after surgery: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Kampitak Kosol , Leelawongtawun Wichai , Leeamornsiri Supinda , Suphachearaphan Wannisa 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether artificial tears can reduce recurrence of pterygium after surgery.MethodsA total of 128 primary pterygium cases after excision were randomized into two groups according to postoperative drugs: 64 cases received topical dexamethasone (control group), and 64 cases received topical dexamethasone and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (treatment group). The pterygium was removed with amniotic membrane graft technique in all cases. Recurrence was observed within 6 months after surgery, and survival analysis was used to evaluate the difference between groups.ResultsThere were no significant differences in age and gender of patients, size of pterygium, Schirmer's test results and tear breakup time between both groups (p > 0.05). Recurrence rate in the treatment group (16%) was significantly less than the control group (33%), p = 0.018 (log‐rank test).ConclusionUsing artificial tears as an adjunctive drug could lower pterygium recurrence after excision.
Evaluation of circumferential angle closure using iridotrabecular contact index after laser iridotomy by swept‐source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Cho Hyun‐kyung , Ahn Dongsub , Kee Changwon 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the quantitative changes of circumferential angle closure after laser iridotomy (LI) using the iridotrabecular contact (ITC) index by Swept‐Source optical coherence tomography (OCT).MethodsIn this prospective observational study conducted in a hospital setting, 42 eyes of 36 patients (five males, 31 females) who underwent LI were included. The mean age was 65.00 ± 8.13 years old and the diagnosis included primary angle closure (PAC, 21 eyes), PAC suspect (16 eyes) and PAC glaucoma (five eyes). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) images were obtained pre‐LI and at 1 week post‐LI. In each image frame, the scleral spur (SS) and the ITC end‐point were marked, from which the ITC index was calculated as a percentage of the angle closure across 360°. Measurements inspected before and after LI included: central anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber volume (ACV), lens vault (LV), nasal and temporal angle opening distance (AOD), angle recess area (ARA), trabecular‐iris space area (TISA), trabecular‐iris angle (TIA) at 500 μm and 750 μm from the SS and intraocular pressure (IOP).ResultsThe ITC index and IOP decreased significantly after LI from 71.52 ± 26.29 to 35.31 ± 27.19 and from 20.64 ± 12.72 mmHg to 14.02 ± 3.49 mmHg, respectively (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001). Central ACD (1.94 ± 0.31 mm pre‐LI) and LV (1.13 ± 0.32 mm pre‐LI) did not show a significant change after LI (all p > 0.05), but ACV increased significantly after LI (p < 0.001). Most of the angle parameters except for nasal TIAs increased significantly after LI (all p < 0.05).ConclusionThe ITC index from patients with shallow anterior chamber angle showed a significant decrease after LI, but part of the angle closure was not relieved after LI. Other mechanisms besides pupillary block may play a role together in causing angle closure.
Translating child development research into practice: Can teachers foster children's theory of mind in primary school?
Authors: Bianco Federica , Lecce Serena 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundTranslating research findings into practice should be one of the objectives of developmental psychology. Recently, research demonstrated the existence of individual differences in theory of mind (ToM) during middle childhood that are crucial for children's academic and social adjustment.AimsThis study aims to transfer the results of recent experimental studies on ToM interventions into primary‐school teachers’ practices. It examines whether a ToM training programme, based on conversations about mental states, can be effective under real‐world school conditions and if it can be translated in such a way that it becomes suitable for primary‐school teachers.SampleSeventy‐two 8‐ to 9‐year‐old children took part in the study. A total of four classes were recruited and randomly assigned to the experimental (34 children, 18 boys) or to the control condition (38 children, 18 boys).MethodsThe ToM group and the control group were matched at pre‐test for age, ToM, socio‐economic background, verbal ability, working memory, and planning. Teachers were trained in four teacher‐training sessions; the classroom‐training programme was delivered by teachers in four sessions (each 50 min long). Children were assessed before the intervention, after the end of the programme, and 2 months later.ResultsThe ToM group improved ToM skills significantly more than the control group both in the short and in the long term.ConclusionsTeachers can successfully promote their pupils’ ToM development during their regular teaching hours. Results are discussed in the light of the importance of ToM promotion for children's school adjustment.
Gestation‐specific changes in maternal thyroglobulin during pregnancy and lactation in an iodine‐sufficient region in China: a longitudinal study
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Li Chenyan , Mao Jinyuan , Wang Weiwei , Xie Xiaochen , Peng Shiqiao , Wang Zhaojun , Han Cheng , Zhang Xiaomei , Wang Danyang , Fan Chenling , Shan Zhongyan , Teng Weiping 
Published: August 2016

SummaryObjectivesTo describe the changes in thyroglobulin (Tg) based upon gestational and postpartum concentrations in healthy pregnant women from an iodine‐sufficient region in China, and to evaluate the use of Tg as a biomarker for iodine‐sufficient pregnant women.DesignA longitudinal study of Tg change in normal pregnant women from an iodine‐sufficient region.Patients and measurementsBlood and urine samples were obtained from 133 pregnant women. Urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was measured using an ammonium persulfate method. Serum iodine concentration was required by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). Serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total thyroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), antithyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), antithyroglobulin antibody (TgAb) and Tg were measured using an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay.ResultsThyroglobulin concentrations were higher in early pregnancy (pregnancy at 8 weeks vs nonpregnancy: 11·42 ng/ml vs 8·8 ng/ml, P < 0·01) and maintained a stable level, and then increased greatly at the 36th week. After delivery, Tg decreased to nonpregnant levels. During pregnancy, maternal Tg was not correlated with thyroid function, UIC or urine iodine–creatinine ratio (UI/Cr). Cord blood Tg was much higher compared to maternal Tg levels at the 36w (57·34 vs 14·86 ng/ml, P < 0·001) and correlated positively with cord FT4 (r = 0·256, P < 0·05), cord TT4 (r = 0·263, P < 0·05) and maternal UI/Cr at 36w (r = −0·214, P < 0·05).ConclusionsOur work demonstrates that Tg is elevated during pregnancy, and the effect of pregnancy should be taken into consideration when Tg is used as a biomarker for the iodine status. Cord blood Tg is much higher than maternal Tg levels at the 36w and is correlated with maternal iodine status.