bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Poly(n‐butyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate)/CNC Latex Nanocomposites via In Situ Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Dastjerdi Zahra , Cranston Emily D. , Dubé Marc A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are renewable, nontoxic and naturally available organic nanoparticles derived from cellulosic resources such as cotton and wood pulp. Poly(n‐butyl acrylate‐co‐methyl methacrylate)/CNC latexes are successfully synthesized via in situ emulsion polymerization. The effect of CNC loading on overall conversion, polymer particle size, glass transition temperature (Tg), gel content, latex viscosity, and storage and loss moduli of dried latex are studied. While the effect of CNC content on overall conversion, polymer particle size, and Tg of the resulting latexes is negligible, significant increase in gel content, latex viscosity, and storage and loss moduli are observed.
image
(BEDT‐TTF)2Cu2(HCOO)5: An Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Conducting Magnet
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Yan , Wang Zheming , Gao Zengqiang , Yang Deliang , Wang Dongwei , Guo Yanjun , Zhu Daoben 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA dual‐functional organic–inorganic hybrid (BEDT‐TTF)2Cu2(HCOO)5 (1) (BEDT‐TTF=bis(ethylenedithio)tetrathiafulvalene) was obtained through the electrochemical oxidation of neutral BEDT‐TTF in the presence of an ammonium salt of the one‐dimensional copper‐formate framework [(C2H5)3NH]2Cu2(HCOO)5 in a C6H5Cl–C2H5OH solution. Compound 1 was composed of organic donor BEDT‐TTF+0⋅5 in a θ‐phase arrangement and Jahn–Teller distorted (4,4) grid anion sheets [Cu2(HCOO)5‐]n with S=1/2. We identified the material as a semiconductor with values of σ300K=10−1 S cm−1. The anion sheet is a coordination isomer of [Cu2(HCOO)5‐]n and, compared with the starting material, shows antiferromagnetic behavior as the well‐known inorganic Cu−O, Co−O square layers for creating inorganic conducting magnets. Long‐range antiferromagnetic ordering was observed at 8.0 K.
Facial asymmetry in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma survivors
Authors: Schoot Reineke A , Hol Marinka L. F. , Merks Johannes H. M. , Suttie Michael , Slater Olga , van Lennep Marinde , Hopman Saskia M. J. , Dunaway David , Syme‐Grant Jonathan , Smeele Ludi E. , Zwinderman Koos H. , Caron Huib N. , Hammond Peter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIntroductionRadiotherapy is essential for achieving and maintaining local control in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) patients. However, radiotherapy may cause outgrowth disturbances of facial bone and soft tissue, resulting in facial asymmetry. The aim of this study was to develop a method to visualize and measure facial asymmetry in HNRMS survivors using three‐dimensional (3D) imaging techniques.MethodsFacial deformity was evaluated in a multidisciplinary clinical assessment of 75 HNRMS survivors, treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT, n = 26) or Ablative surgery, MOulage brachytherapy, and REconstruction (AMORE, n = 49). Individual facial asymmetry was measured using 3D photogrammetry and expressed in a raw asymmetry index and a normalized sex–age–ethnicity‐matched asymmetry signature weight. Facial asymmetry was also compared between British and Dutch controls and between survivors and their matched controls.ResultsFacial asymmetry was more pronounced with increasing age (P < 0.01) in British controls compared with Dutch controls (P = 0.04). Survivors developed more facial asymmetry than matched controls (P < 0.001). The clinical assessment of facial deformity correlated with the raw asymmetry index (r = 0.60, P < 0.001).Discussion3D imaging can be used for objective measurement of facial asymmetry in HNRMS survivors. The raw asymmetry index correlated with a clinical assessment of facial deformity. Comparisons between treatment groups seemed inappropriate given the differences in facial asymmetry between British and Dutch controls. In future studies, pretreatment images could act as matched controls for posttreatment evaluation.
Prenatal exposure to β2‐adrenoreceptor agonists and the risk of autism spectrum disorders in offspring
Authors: Su XiuJuan , Yuan Wei , Chen JianPing , Miao MaoHua , Olsen Jørn , Pedersen Lars Henning , Liang Hong , Li Jiong 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeWe aimed to examine the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in the offspring who were exposed to maternal use of β2‐adrenoreceptor agonist (β2AA) during pregnancy.MethodsThis is a population‐based cohort study including all live singleton births in Denmark from 1 January 1997 to 31 December 2008. Children born to mothers who used β2AA during pregnancy were categorized as exposed, and all other children were included in the unexposed group. Cases of ASDs were identified from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register and the Danish Patient Register. Incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence interval were estimated by Poisson regression models.ResultsAmong 751 888 children in the cohort, 9098 (1.21%) received a diagnosis of ASDs. We observed an increased risk of ASDs in the exposed children (IRR = 1.28, 1.11–1.47), especially for those who were exposed during the second trimester period (IRR = 1.38, 1.14–1.67). However, when extending the exposure time window to 1 year prior to pregnancy, we observed a similar association in children born to women who received β2AA treatment during pregnancy (IRR = 1.33, 1.11–1.59) to that in children born to women who received β2AA treatment 1 year prior to pregnancy (IRR = 1.35, 1.17–1.56).ConclusionOur finding suggested that children born to women who used β2AA during pregnancy have an increased risk of ASDs in later life, which is more likely due to underlying maternal diseases rather than the exposure to β2AA itself. However, further study, which would better differentiate the effects between indication and medicine, is needed to corroborate the finding. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local reconstruction of low‐rank matrices and subspaces
Authors: David Roee , Goldenberg Elazar , Krauthgamer Robert 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe study the problem of reconstructing a low‐rank matrix, where the input is an n × m matrix M over a field and the goal is to reconstruct a (near‐optimal) matrix that is low‐rank and close to M under some distance function Δ. Furthermore, the reconstruction must be local, i.e., provides access to any desired entry of by reading only a few entries of the input M (ideally, independent of the matrix dimensions n and m). Our formulation of this problem is inspired by the local reconstruction framework of Saks and Seshadhri (SICOMP, 2010).Our main result is a local reconstruction algorithm for the case where Δ is the normalized Hamming distance (between matrices). Given M that is ‐close to a matrix of rank (together with d and ), this algorithm computes with high probability a rank‐d matrix that is ‐close to M. This is a local algorithm that proceeds in two phases. The preprocessing phase reads only random entries of M, and stores a small data structure. The query phase deterministically outputs a desired entry by reading only the data structure and 2d additional entries of M.We also consider local reconstruction in an easier setting, where the algorithm can read an entire matrix column in a single operation. When Δ is the normalized Hamming distance between vectors, we derive an algorithm that runs in polynomial time by applying our main result for matrix reconstruction. For comparison, when Δ is the truncated Euclidean distance and , we analyze sampling algorithms by using statistical learning tools.A preliminary version of this paper appears appears in ECCC, see: http://eccc.hpi-web.de/report/2015/128/ © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 51, 607–630, 2017
Formal Synthesis of (±)-Allocolchicine Via Gold-Catalysed Direct Arylation: Implication of Aryl Iodine(III) Oxidant in Catalyst Deactivation Pathways
Authors: Corrie Tom J. A. , Lloyd-Jones Guy C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
A concise formal synthesis of racemic allocolchicine has been developed, centred on three principal transformations: a retro-Brook alkylation reaction to generate an arylsilane, a gold-catalysed arylative cyclisation to generate the B-ring via biaryl linkage, and a palladium-catalysed carbonylation of an aryl chloride to generate an ester. 1H NMR monitoring of the key gold-catalysed cyclisation step reveals that a powerful catalyst deactivation process progressively attenuates the rate of catalyst turnover. The origins of the catalyst deactivation have been investigated, with an uncatalysed side-reaction, involving the substrate and the iodine(III) oxidant, identified as the source of a potent catalyst poison. The side reaction generates 1–4% of a diaryliodonium salt, and whilst this moiety is shown not to be an innate catalyst deactivator, when it is tethered to the arylsilane reactant, the inhibition becomes powerful. Kinetic modelling of processes run at two different catalyst concentrations allows extraction of the partitioning of the gold catalyst between the substrate and its diaryliodonium salt, with a rate of diaryliodonium salt generation consistent with that independently determined in the absence of catalyst. The high partition ratio between substrate and diaryliodonium salt (5/1) results in very efficient, and ultimately complete, diversion of the catalyst off-cycle.

Graphical Abstract
Self-Organizing and Error Driven (SOED) artificial neural network for smarter classifications
Authors: Jafari-Marandi Ruholla , Khanzadeh Mojtaba , Smith Brian K. , Bian Linkan 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Classification tasks are an integral part of science, industry, business, and health care systems; being such a pervasive technique, its smallest improvement is valuable. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) is one of the strongest techniques used in many disciplines for classification. The ANN technique suffers from drawbacks such as intransparency in spite of its high prediction power. In this paper, motivated by learning styles in human brains, ANN's shortcomings are assuaged and its prediction power is improved. Self-Organizing Map (SOM), an ANN variation which has strong unsupervised power, and Feedforward ANN, traditionally used for classification tasks, are hybridized to solidify their benefits and help remove their limitations. The proposed method, which we name Self-Organizing Error-Driven (SOED) Artificial Neural Network, shows significant improvements in comparison with usual ANNs. We show SOED is a more accurate, more reliable, and more transparent technique through experimentation with five different datasets.
Highlights A synthesis of MLP and SOM is presented for tackling classification challenges. The superiority of SOED over MLP in addressing 5 classification tasks is presented. SOED is compared with other states of the art techniques such as DT, KNN, and SVM. It is shown that SOED is a more accurate and reliable in comparison with MLP. It is shown SOED is more accurate, reliable and transparent in comparison with MLP.
The Northwest Participant and Clinical Interactions Network: Increasing opportunities for patients to participate in research across the Northwestern United States
Authors: Baldwin Laura-Mae , Hassell Laurie , Laukes Cindi , Doyle Michelle , Reedy Anne , Mollis Brenda , Albritton Sandra , Ciemins Elizabeth , Coker Robert , Brant Jeannine , Tuttle Katherine R. , Baker Laura , Ramsey Bonnie 
Published: April 2017

IntroductionThe Institute of Translational Health Sciences (ITHS) promotes and supports translational research collaboration between clinicians, communities, and investigators across the five-state Washington, Wyoming, Alaska, Montana, and Idaho (WWAMI) region. The ITHS has developed a collaborative regional clinical research network, the Northwest Participant & Clinical Interactions Network (NW PCI), involving 12 diverse clinical health systems and academic institutions.MethodsThis descriptive article details NW PCI’s development, infrastructure and governance, tools, characteristics, and initial outcomes.ResultsRegional NW PCI sites are conducting largely industry-sponsored studies; they are interested in including more grant-funded research. Regional NW PCI sites had over 1,240 open studies involving over 6700 patients in 2016. NW PCI trials are largely industry-sponsored; NW PCI sites are interested in including more grant-funded research. In its first three years, the NW PCI Coordinating Center facilitated regional sites’ participation in 34 new grant and contract applications across diverse topics.ConclusionThe NW PCI model supports the goals of the developing CTSA Trial Innovation Network by increasing access to cutting-edge research across the Northwestern U.S., by supporting investigators seeking diverse populations, including those with rare diseases, for their research studies, and by providing settings to test implementation and dissemination of effective interventions.
Law, order and plunder at sea: a comparison of England and France in the fourteenth century
Authors: HEEBØLL-HOLM THOMAS K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article addresses the management of maritime plunder and conflict in the waters of England and France in the fourteenth century. It argues that during this century a fundamental change occurred. Around 1300, maritime conflict was handled by recourse to the strictly civil law merchant and law maritime, or by Marcher law. However by the 1350s and 1360s the kings of England and France, moved by contemporary political events and theories of sovereignty at sea, created courts of Admiralty that challenged the previous systems’ jurisdiction. These initiatives eventually paved the way for the criminalisation of private maritime conflict.
Golden Years or Retirement Fears? Private Pension Inequality Among Canada’s Immigrants
Authors: Curtis Josh , Lightman Naomi 
Published: April 2017

RÉSUMÉEn ce moment, de nombreux immigrants n’ont pas droit à participer au régime de retraite publique du Canada en raison des critères de résidence légale. De plus, des décennies de faible revenu et de l’exclusion du marché du travail défendent à nombreux immigrants canadiens d’augmenter une épargne-pension ou des économies suffisantes tout au long de la période de la vie quand ils travaillent. Ces facteurs, pris ensemble, posent de sérieuses préoccupations pour le bien-être des immigrants âgés. À l’aide des données du recensement canadien pendant une période de vingt ans (1991–2011), nous constatons que les revenus tirés des épargnes et des investissements personnels ont fortement diminué chez les canadiens d’origine et les immigrants, les dernières cohortes d’immigrants étant les plus touchées. Toutefois, depuis 1991, les hommes d’origine canadienne et les immigrants vivant au Canada depuis 40 ans ou plus ont montré des gains importants dans les pensions des employeurs privés. Ainsi, les données montrent un écart inquiétant de plus en plus grand entre les hommes nés au Canada et tous les autres au Canada, les nouveaux immigrants et les femmes étant les plus démunis.
Genetic and environmental influences on the codevelopment among borderline personality disorder traits, major depression symptoms, and substance use disorder symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood
Authors: Bornovalova Marina A. , Verhulst Brad , Webber Troy , McGue Matt , Iacono William G. , Hicks Brian M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAlthough borderline personality disorder (BPD) traits decline from adolescence to adulthood, comorbid psychopathology such as symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD), alcohol use disorder (AUD), and drug use disorders (DUDs) likely disrupt this normative decline. Using a longitudinal sample of female twins (N= 1,763), we examined if levels of BPD traits were correlated with changes in MDD, AUD, and DUD symptoms from ages 14 to 24. A parallel process biometric latent growth model examined the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to the relationships between developmental components of these phenotypes. Higher BPD trait levels predicted a greater rate of increase in AUD and DUD symptoms, and higher AUD and DUD symptoms predicted a slower rate of decline of BPD traits from ages 14 to 24. Common genetic influences accounted for the associations between BPD traits and each disorder, as well as the interrelationships of AUD and DUD symptoms. Both genetic and nonshared environmental influences accounted for the correlated levels between BPD traits and MDD symptoms, but solely environmental influences accounted for the correlated changes between the two over time. Results indicate that higher levels of BPD traits may contribute to an earlier onset and faster escalation of AUD and DUD symptoms, and substance use problems slow the normative decline in BPD traits. Overall, our data suggests that primarily genetic influences contribute to the comorbidity between BPD features and substance use disorder symptoms. We discuss our data in the context of two major theories of developmental psychopathology and comorbidity.
Anglicismes dans la presse écrite: le bilinguisme de milieu peut-il expliquer l'anglicisation ?
Authors: PLANCHON CÉCILE 
Published: April 2017

RÉSUMÉLes Canadiens francophones sont naturellement exposés à un environnement bilingue constant. L'influence de la langue officielle dominante – l'anglais – sur leur langue maternelle ne peut être ignorée. Vu la politique linguistique proactive actuellement en place dans la province de Québec, on peut s'attendre à ce que la presse écrite francophone soit très attentive à la protection de la langue qu'elle utilise. Cependant, plusieurs études (Théoret, 1991; Martel et al., 2001; Chaput, 2009) ont montré que la presse n’échappait pas au phénomène d'anglicisation tant les traces laissées par les contacts entre les deux cultures étaient visibles à l’écrit dans l'utilisation de termes anglais ou anglicisés. Se basant sur deux visions s'opposant sur le sujet, cet article se propose d’étudier si le contexte culturel et linguistique des lectorats a une influence sur le degré d'anglicisation de la presse écrite canadienne francophone. La première hypothèse admet que plus une communauté est exposée à l'anglais de façon répétée, plus la fréquence d'utilisation d'emprunts à l'anglais dans les journaux est élevée ; la deuxième se base sur le principe de survie de la langue qui veut que lorsqu'il y a insécurité linguistique, la protection du lexique est beaucoup plus importante. Basée sur un corpus composé d'une année entière de publications de trois quotidiens destinés à trois communautés francophones québécoises et outaouaise, cette étude analyse la fréquence d'utilisation de plus de 500 « anglicismes », plus précisément des emprunts lexicaux intégraux et hybrides. Les résultats obtenus semblent confirmer la deuxième hypothèse, vu que la région la plus bilingue des trois communautés affiche les chiffres les plus bas.
Impaired Comprehension of Speed Verbs in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Speed Laura J. , van Dam Wessel O. , Hirath Priyantha , Vigliocco Gabriella , Desai Rutvik H. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectives:A wealth of studies provide evidence for action simulation during language comprehension. Recent research suggests such action simulations might be sensitive to fine-grained information, such as speed. Here, we present a crucial test for action simulation of speed in language by assessing speed comprehension in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Based on the patients’ motor deficits, we hypothesized that the speed of motion described in language would modulate their performance in semantic tasks. Specifically, they would have more difficulty processing language about relatively fast speed than language about slow speed.Methods:We conducted a semantic similarity judgment task on fast and slow action verbs in patients with PD and age-matched healthy controls. Participants had to decide which of two verbs most closely matched a target word.Results:Compared to controls, PD patients were slower making judgments about fast action verbs, but not for judgments about slow action verbs, suggesting impairment in processing language about fast action. Moreover, this impairment was specific to verbs describing fast action performed with the hand.Conclusions:Problems moving quickly lead to difficulties comprehending language about moving quickly. This study provides evidence that speed is an important part of action representations. (JINS, 2017,23, 412–420)
Hierarchical assembly of centriole subdistal appendages via centrosome binding proteins CCDC120 and CCDC68
Authors: Huang Ning , Xia Yuqing , Zhang Donghui , Wang Song , Bao Yitian , He Runsheng , Teng Junlin , Chen Jianguo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn animal cells, the centrosome is the main microtubule-organizing centre where microtubules are nucleated and anchored. The centriole subdistal appendages (SDAs) are the key structures that anchor microtubules in interphase cells, but the composition and assembly mechanisms of SDAs are not well understood. Here, we reveal that centrosome-binding proteins, coiled-coil domain containing (CCDC) 120 and CCDC68 are two novel SDA components required for hierarchical SDA assembly in human cells. CCDC120 is anchored to SDAs by ODF2 and recruits CEP170 and Ninein to the centrosome through different coiled-coil domains at its N terminus. CCDC68 is a CEP170-interacting protein that competes with CCDC120 in recruiting CEP170 to SDAs. Furthermore, CCDC120 and CCDC68 are required for centrosome microtubule anchoring. Our findings elucidate the molecular basis for centriole SDA hierarchical assembly and microtubule anchoring in human interphase cells.
Electron transport and visible light absorption in a plasmonic photocatalyst based on strontium niobate
Authors: Wan D. Y. , Zhao Y. L. , Cai Y. , Asmara T. C. , Huang Z. , Chen J. Q. , Hong J. , Yin S. M. , Nelson C. T. , Motapothula M. R. , Yan B. X. , Xiang D. , Chi X. , Zheng H. , Chen W. , Xu R. , Ariando  , Rusydi A. , Minor A. M. , Breese M. B. H. , Sherburne M. , Asta M. , Xu Q-H , Venkatesan T 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSemiconductor compounds are widely used for photocatalytic hydrogen production applications, where photogenerated electron–hole pairs are exploited to induce catalysis. Recently, powders of a metallic oxide (Sr1−xNbO3, 0.03<x<0.20) were reported to show competitive photocatalytic efficiencies under visible light, which was attributed to interband absorption. This discovery expanded the range of materials available for optimized performance as photocatalysts. Here we study epitaxial thin films of SrNbO3+δ and find that their bandgaps are ∼4.1 eV. Surprisingly, the carrier density of the conducting phase exceeds 1022 cm−3 and the carrier mobility is only 2.47 cm2 V−1 s−1. Contrary to earlier reports, the visible light absorption at 1.8 eV (∼688 nm) is due to the plasmon resonance, arising from the large carrier density. We propose that the hot electron and hole carriers excited via Landau damping (during the plasmon decay) are responsible for the photocatalytic property of this material under visible light irradiation.