bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Sampling of Ensemble for Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage-Reservoir History Matching
Authors: Patel Rajan G. , Trivedi Japan , Rahim Shahed , Li Zukui 
Published: December 2015

Summary
History matching of a steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) reservoir requires a large ensemble size for proper uncertainty assessment, which ultimately results in high computational cost. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the number of realizations for SAGD-reservoir simulation purposes. In this paper, a novel sampling method (based on the probability-distance-minimization method) to generate an initial ensemble of reduced size is discussed. This method considers multiple static measurements and geological properties and uses Kantorovich distance to quantify the probability distance between the original ensemble and the reduced ensemble, which is later optimized by use of the mixed-integer linear-optimization (MILP) technique. To show the effectiveness of the method, we have shown history matching of an SAGD reservoir using the smaller size initial ensemble derived from the proposed method and compared with the original ensemble. For history matching, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) has been used because of its ability to assimilate data for large-scale nonlinear systems. Results are compared with several other methods, such as importance sampling, kernel K-means clustering, and sampling by use of orthogonal ensemble members. The robustness and usefulness of each method for generating an improved initial ensemble of reduced size are analyzed on the basis of two criteria: (1) Does the smaller ensemble retain the same statistical distribution characteristics as the original ensemble, and (2) does the smaller ensemble improve the performance of history matching? In general, we conclude that the improved, smaller initial ensemble created by use of the proposed method retains the best statistical characteristics of the original ensemble. Also, it provides better performance compared with other ranking methods in sampling and history matching using EnKF. Finally, the proposed method can reduce the computing cost significantly without compromising uncertainty in the forecast model, which allows for real-time updating at smaller time intervals.
Demonstrating Compliance with Stringent Nitrogen Limits Using a Biological Nutrient Removal Process in California's Central Valley
Authors: Merlo Rion , Witzgall Bob , Yu William , Ohlinger Kurt , Ramberg Steve , De Las Casas Carla , Henneman Seppi , Parker Denny 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT: The Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District (District) must be compliant with stringent nitrogen limits by 2021 that the existing treatment facilities cannot meet. An 11‐month pilot study was conducted to confirm that these limits could be met with an air activated sludge biological nutrient removal (BNR) process. The pilot BNR treated an average flow of 946 m3/d and demonstrated that it could reliably meet the ammonia limit, but that external carbon addition may be necessary to satisfy the nitrate limit. The BNR process performed well throughout the 11 months of operation with good settleability, minimal nocardioform content, and high quality secondary effluent. The BNR process was operated at a minimum pH of 6.4 with no noticeable impact to nitrification rates. Increased secondary sludge production was observed during rainfall events and is attributed to a change in wastewater influent characteristics.
L'apport du principe de précaution au droit de la responsabilité civile
Authors: Guégan Anne 
Published: December 2015

Si le principe de précaution voit son interprétation controversée et sa
portée encore débattue, il semble qu'il puisse intéresser le droit de la responsabilité civile. Une telle affirmation ne va pourtant pas de soi, et l'apport du principe de précaution au droit de la responsabilité civile reste aujourd'hui bien incertain. Face à des menaces de dommages graves et irréversibles, il n'est plus temps de penser en termes de réparation et de compensation, il faut éviter. Mais, défendant la notion juridique de responsabilité, il est permis de rechercher si la responsabilité civile peut jouer un rôle dans la mise en œuvre du principe de précaution. Il convient alors de définir à quelles conditions, et de quelle manière, elle peut constituer un mode de déclinaison du principe, aux côtés de mesures plus pertinentes qui restent à construire. Cette réflexion conduira, dans un premier temps, à vérifier que les sujets de la responsabilité civile sont concernés par le principe de précaution, et à envisager l'apport naturel du principe à l'appréciation du comportement en droit de la responsabilité civile. C'est ici le fait générateur de responsabilité civile qui sera mis en lumière. Dans un second temps, c'est l'éventualité d'apports plus inattendus du principe de précaution au droit de la responsabilité civile qu'il faudra examiner : sur le terrain des autres conditions de la responsabilité civile (dommage, lien de causalité) et sur celui des causes d'exonération (force majeure et risque de développement).
Methodologies, Models and Algorithms for Patients Rehabilitation
Authors: Mashat A. S. , Fardoun H. M. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIntroduction: This editorial is part of the Focus Theme of Methods of Information in Medicine on “Methodologies, Models and Algorithms for Patients Rehabilitation”. Objective: The objective of this focus theme is to present current solutions by means of technologies and human factors related to the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) for improving patient rehabilitation. Methods: The focus theme examines distinctive measurements of strengthening methodologies, models and algorithms for disabled people in terms of rehabilitation and health care, and to explore the extent to which ICT is a useful tool in this process. Results: The focus theme records a set of solutions for ICT systems developed to improve the rehabilitation process of disabled people and to help them in carrying out their daily life. Conclusions: The development and subsequent setting up of computers for the patients’ rehabilitation process is of continuous interest and growth.
Justice environnementale et approche par les capabilités
Authors: Ballet Jérôme , Bazin Damien , Pelenc Jérôme 
Published: December 2015

Nous montrons que l’approche par les capabilités offre de sérieuses pistes pour donner tout son sens à la justice environnementale abordée sous l’angle de la justice comparative. L’approche des capabilités permet de prendre en compte les trois enjeux que soulève la justice environnementale : la distribution des bénéfices et des nuisances liés à l’environnement, les enjeux de participation des populations dans l’élaboration des régulations environnementales, la reconnaissance des identités collectives. Cependant, cela suppose d’une part d’attribuer une priorité à la liberté de processus sur la liberté d’opportunités, d’autre part l’introduction du concept de capabilité collective.
Health Literacy Education in Health Professions Schools: An Integrative Review
Authors: Toronto Coleen E. , Weatherford Barbara 
Published: December 2015

Background:

Most Americans lack the health literacy skills to function in today's health care environment. The Institute of Medicine's
Health Literacy: A Prescription to End Confusion
report recommended that health professionals be trained to effectively communicate with patients with low health literacy.

Method:
An integrative review was conducted, using six electronic databases: CINAHL, ERIC, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, and Web of Science.

Results:
Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Educational interventions include multimodal approaches using didactic content, followed by active learning strategies. Evaluative methods in the classroom were used in all studies; however, only one study assessed students' health literacy skills.

Conclusion:

Findings support research efforts that (a) clarify where health literacy should be taught, (b) target the assessment of students' health literacy skills, (c) perform rigorous psychometric testing of evaluative instruments used, and (d) create interprofessional learning opportunities. [
J Nurs Educ.
2015;54(12):669–676.]
Comparison of Visual Quality After SMILE and LASEK for Mild to Moderate Myopia
Authors: Yu Manrong , Chen Minjie , Wang Bingjie , Zou Leilei , Zhu Xiaoyu , Dai Jinhui 
Published: December 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare the objective and subjective quality of vision after femtosecond laser-assisted small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and laser-assisted subepithelial keratomileusis (LASEK) for mild to moderate myopia.

METHODS:
This prospective, comparative study included 65 eyes of 33 patients in the SMILE group, with a mean spherical equivalent (SE) of −4.16 ± 0.82 diopters, and 50 eyes of 25 patients in the LASEK group, with a mean SE of −3.81 ± 0.97 diopters. Visual acuity, corneal topography, contrast sensitivity, and wavefront aberrations were recorded preoperatively and compared with postoperative measurements. A quality of vision questionnaire was scored and analyzed 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

Three months postoperatively, the SMILE group had fewer (
P
< .05) higher-order aberrations (HOAs) (0.390 ± 0.175
µ
m), including spherical aberration (SA) (0.262 ± 0.242
µ
m), than the LASEK group (HOAs = 0.479 ± 0.148
µ
m, SA = 0.576 ± 0.287
µ
m, trefoil = 0.465 ± 0.248
µ
m). There was no significant difference in the amount of coma and trefoil between the two groups after surgery. Analysis of the scores of glare and halos in the quality of vision questionnaire revealed that SMILE (night glare = 1.25 ± 1.22, halos = 0.97 ± 1.12) provided a better quality of vision (
P
< .05) than LASEK (night glare = 2.32 ± 1.99, halos = 1.96 ± 1.77). The two groups demonstrated no significant difference in contrast sensitivity 3 months postoperatively. No vision-threatening complications were noted at any stage in either group.

CONCLUSIONS:
Both SMILE and LASEK are safe and effective surgical procedures in the correction of myopia. SMILE has a lower induction rate of HOAs and a higher degree of patient satisfaction than LASEK at 3 months postoperatively.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(12):795–800.]
Increased Biomechanical Efficacy of Corneal Cross-linking in Thin Corneas Due to Higher Oxygen Availability
Authors: Kling Sabine , Richoz Olivier , Hammer Arthur , Tabibian David , Jacob Soosan , Agarwal Amar , Hafezi Farhad 
Published: December 2015

PURPOSE:
To compare the currently available ultraviolet-A (UV-A) corneal cross-linking (CXL) treatment protocols for thin corneas with respect to oxygen, UV fluence, and osmotic pressure.

METHODS:
Freshly enucleated murine (n = 16) and porcine (n = 16) eyes were used. The dependency on oxygen and the amount of UV absorption were evaluated using different CXL protocols, including standard CXL, contact lens-assisted CXL (caCXL), and CXL after corneal swelling. The CXL protocol was adapted from the treatment parameters of the human cornea to fit the thickness of murine and porcine corneas. Immediately after CXL, the corneas were subjected to biomechanical testing, including preconditioning, stress relaxation at 0.6 MPa, and stress-strain extensiometry. A two-element Prony series was fitted to the relaxation curves for viscoelastic characterization.

RESULTS:

Standard CXL was most efficient; prior corneal swelling reduced the long-term modulus by 6% and caCXL by 15% to 20%. Oxygen reduction decreased the long-term modulus G∞ by 14% to 15% and the instantaneous modulus G
0
by 2% to 5%, and increased the short-term modulus G
2
by 22% to 31%. Reducing the amount of absorbed UV energy decreased the long-term modulus G∞ by 5% to 34%, the instantaneous modulus G
0
by 7% to 29%, and the short-term modulus G
2
by 17% to 20%. The amount of absorbed UV light was more important in porcine than in murine corneas.

CONCLUSIONS:
The higher oxygen availability in thin corneas potentially increases the overall efficacy of riboflavin UV-A CXL compared to corneas of standard thickness. Clinical protocols for thin corneas should be revised to implement these findings.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(12):840–846.]
Dangling Lens Phacoemulsification: A Novel Technique for Near Complete Zonular Dehiscence
Authors: Toygar Okan , Snyder Michael E. , Riemann Christopher D. 
Published: December 2015

PURPOSE:
To demonstrate a novel technique for the management of dangling lenses with near complete zonular dehiscence.

METHODS:
A capsule-sparing combined anterior and posterior surgical approach for dangling lenses with severe zonular dehiscence is described. The surgical record of a patient who underwent phacoemulsification with “dangling lens technique” and in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation was evaluated.

RESULTS:
This technique was able to preserve the lens capsule, allowing freedom of IOL choice and an optimally reconstructed anterior segment. Placement of sutured capsular tension rings (CTRs) or segments provided long-term stabilization of the capsular bag and the bag-fixated posterior chamber IOL. No intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred during a follow-up of 3 years.

CONCLUSIONS:
Combined microincisional pars plana vitrectomy, posterior levitation of the crystalline lens, phacoemulsification with sutured CTR, and in-the-bag IOL placement may be considered for surgical management of patients with nearly luxated, dangling, crystalline lenses.

[
J Refract Surg.
2015;31(12):835–838.]
Primary Intravitreal Ranibizumab for High-Risk Retinopathy of Prematurity
Authors: Baumal Caroline R. , Goldberg Roger A. , Fein Jordana G. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate initial treatment of high-risk retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) with low-dose intravitreal ranibizumab.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Case series of premature infants with high-risk pre-threshold or threshold posterior ROP receiving primary therapy with 0.2 mg ranibizumab. Pre-treatment and post-injection examination, RetCam (Clarity Medical Systems, Pleasanton, CA) images, fluorescein angiography, resolution of ROP and plus disease, and stability of examinations were assessed.

RESULTS:
Eight eyes of four infants received primary ranibizumab treatment. Plus disease resolved within 48 hours of unilateral injection, and there was no change in ROP appearance in the contralateral eye. Complete resolution of stage 3 ROP occurred 1 week after injection. Recurrent progressive stage 2 or 3 ROP in mid to anterior zone 2 was noted 8 to 11 weeks after ranibizumab in all eyes. Treatment of recurrent ROP with peripheral laser led to complete ROP regression. Comparison of images before ranibizumab injection to images after ROP recurred demonstrated anterior retinal growth. Retina examinations remained stable without ROP recurrence or detachment at follow-up 8 to 18 months after ranibizumab injection.

CONCLUSION:
Intravitreal ranibizumab induces rapid, complete regression of high-risk posterior ROP with continued retina growth peripherally. The potential for recurrent ROP after a single 0.2 mg ranibizumab injection for posterior ROP requires vigilant monitoring. Subsequent peripheral laser for ROP recurrences may spare the posterior retina from photocoagulation effects.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:432–438.]
Preoperative and Intraoperative Prognostic Factors of Epiretinal Membranes Using Chromovitrectomy and Internal Limiting Membrane Peeling
Authors: Machado Leonardo M. , Furlani Bruno A. , Navarro Rodrigo M. , Farah Michel E. , Maia Andre , Magalhães Octaviano , Rodrigues Eduardo B. , Moraes Nilva , Maia Mauricio 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the preoperative and intraoperative findings as prognostic indicators of functional and anatomic results of idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM) surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Vitrectomies included ERM and internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal with vital dyes. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography, and autofluorescence were performed at baseline and postoperatively. Intraoperative ILM status after ERM removal was also evaluated.

RESULTS:

Thirty-one eyes were monitored for a mean of 16.78 months. BCVA and central foveal thickness (CFT) improved significantly (
P
< .001) from baseline at 3 and 12 months. Preoperative hyperautofluorescence was associated with greater CFT reduction (
P
< .005). ILM status after ERM peeling did not influence visual recovery but was associated with anatomical results as measured by OCT.

CONCLUSION:
Preoperative poor initial BCVA and RPE defects by FAF may not be bad prognostic factors. Preoperative hyperautofluorescence was associated with greater CFT reduction. Intraoperative classification of ILM status after ERM and ILM staining/peeling was reported and may be useful for future studies, though it was not associated neither with preoperative nor postoperative BCVA.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:457–462.]
Adverse Vitreoretinal Outcomes of Glaucoma Drainage Devices Based on Verified and Unverified Financial Claims Data
Authors: Banitt Michael R. , Feuer William J. , Schiffman Joyce C. , Parrish Richard K. 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To determine adverse vitreoretinal outcome rates after glaucoma drainage device (GDD) surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Medical records from the Anne Bates Leach Eye Hospital with financial claims from 1991 to 2005 for GDD surgery coded for endophthalmitis, choroidal hemorrhage, or retinal detachment were reviewed. Cumulative incidences were calculated before and after verifying claims with chart review.

RESULTS:
GDD surgery was performed in 2,661 eyes. Thirty-three cases of endophthalmitis were identified, with 10 attributable to GDD (1-, 5-, and 10-year cumulative incidences: 0.22%, 0.43%, and 0.83%, respectively). Forty cases of choroidal hemorrhage were identified, with 20 attributable to GDD (1-, 5-, and 10-year incidences: 0.81% for all time points). Rhegmatogenous retinal detachments developed in 148 eyes, with 42 attributable to GDD (1-, 5-, and 10-year incidences: 1.25%, 2.02%, and 2.67%, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
This study’s complication rates compare favorably with those previously reported. The use of claims data without chart review verification may result in overestimated event rates.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2015;46:463–470.]
La fonction du savoir imaginaire dans La Vie mode d’emploi de Georges Perec
Authors: Shiotsuka Shuichiro 
Published: December 2015

La Vie mode d’emploi de Georges Perec multiplie les savoirs imaginaires. Si la plupart de ces savoirs existent sous forme de détails fragmentaires, ne formant pas de système cohérent, ils n’en jouent pas moins dans plusieurs chapitres un rôle important en tant que moteurs du récit. Alors, quel est le rôle de ces savoirs dans la stratégie globale de l’écriture du livre ? L’objectif de cet article est de répondre à cette question en considérant plusieurs chapitres dont la diégèse met en scène un savoir particulier. Au terme de nos analyses, il s'avère que les savoirs mis en fiction dans La Vie mode d’emploi – archéologique, ethnographique, pétrochimique, lexicographique, historique et cartographique – peuvent s’interpréter comme autant de métaphores de la conception du roman et des techniques romanesques mises en œuvre par Perec.
Targeting Ornithine Decarboxylase by α-Difluoromethylornithine Inhibits Tumor Growth by Impairing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Ye Cong , Geng Zhe , Dominguez Donye , Chen Siqi , Fan Jie , Qin Lei , Long Alan , Zhang Yi , Kuzel Timothy M. , Zhang Bin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
α-Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is currently used in chemopreventive regimens primarily for its conventional direct anticarcinogenesic activity. However, little is known about the effect of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibition by DFMO on antitumor immune responses. We showed in this study that pharmacologic blockade of ODC by DFMO inhibited tumor growth in intact immunocompetent mice, but abrogated in the immunodeficient Rag1−/− mice, suggesting that antitumor effect of DFMO is dependent on the induction of adaptive antitumor T cell immune responses. Depletion of CD8+ T cells impeded the tumor-inhibiting advantage of DFMO. Moreover, DFMO treatment enhanced antitumor CD8+ T cell infiltration and IFN-γ production and augmented the efficacy of adoptive T cell therapy. Importantly, DFMO impaired Gr1+CD11b+ myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) suppressive activity through at least two mechanisms, including reducing arginase expression and activity and inhibiting the CD39/CD73-mediated pathway. MDSCs were one primary cellular target of DFMO as indicated by both adoptive transfer and MDSC-depletion analyses. Our findings establish a new role of ODC inhibition by DFMO as a viable and effective immunological adjunct in effective cancer treatment, thereby adding to the growing list of chemoimmunotherapeutic applications of these agents.
Surprising Convergence Properties of Some Simple Gibbs Samplers under Various Scans
Authors: O. Roberts Gareth , S. Rosenthal Jeffrey 
Published: December 2015

We examine the convergence properties of some simple Gibbs sampler examples under various scans. We find some surprising results, including Gibbs samplers where deterministic-scan is much more efficient than random-scan, and other samplers where the opposite is true. We also present an example where the convergence takes precisely the same time with any fixed deterministic scan, but modifying the scan in any way leads to significantly slower convergence.
pH Monitoring of Tumor Microenvironment and Low Volume of Urine in Experimental Rats
Authors: Terezia Kiskova  , Steffekova Zuzana  , Karasova Martina  , Kokosova Natalia  
Published: December 2015

The pH monitoring of the tumor microenvironment in vivo seems to be in fact complicated and technically quite challenging nowadays. Also the strategy of measuring urine pH of a little amount is not fully solved. Thus, the aim of our study was to monitor pH of urine samples (< 0.1 ml) and of tumor microenvironment of anesthetized rats in a minimal invasive way. The small urine volumes of rats or mice make pH measurements difficult, as standard pH electrodes usually need a minimal volume of several milliliters to function. The manual micromanipulator together with a needle-type housed pH microsensor offers a simple and effective way to do so. Our results show that pH of urine and tumor microenvironment was lower in tumor bearing rats compared to healthy subjects. The unique technology of pH microsensors could be a promising way to monitor the pH in many experimental designs and clinical praxis.