bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What Is Better Than Coulomb Failure Stress? A Ranking of Scalar Static Stress Triggering Mechanisms from 105 Mainshock‐Aftershock Pairs
Authors: Meade Brendan J. , DeVries Phoebe M. R. , Faller Jeremy , Viegas Fernanda , Wattenberg Martin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAftershocks may be triggered by the stresses generated by preceding mainshocks. The temporal frequency and maximum size of aftershocks are well described by the empirical Omori and Bath laws, but spatial patterns are more difficult to forecast. Coulomb failure stress is perhaps the most common criterion invoked to explain spatial distributions of aftershocks. Here we consider the spatial relationship between patterns of aftershocks and a comprehensive list of 38 static elastic scalar metrics of stress (including stress tensor invariants, maximum shear stress, and Coulomb failure stress) from 213 coseismic slip distributions worldwide. The rates of true‐positive and false‐positive classification of regions with and without aftershocks are assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis. We infer that the stress metrics that are most consistent with observed aftershock locations are maximum shear stress and the magnitude of the second and third invariants of the stress tensor. These metrics are significantly better than random assignment at a significance level of 0.005 in over 80% of the slip distributions. In contrast, the widely used Coulomb failure stress criterion is distinguishable from random assignment in only 51–64% of the slip distributions. These results suggest that a number of alternative scalar metrics are better predictors of aftershock locations than classic Coulomb failure stress change.
The First Molecule‐Based Blue‐Light Optical‐Dielectric Switching Material in Both Hybrid Bulk Crystal and Flexible Thin Film Forms
Authors: Guo Qiang , Zhang Wan‐Ying , Ye Qiong , Fu Da‐Wei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThree Japanese scientists are awarded the 2014 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention of a new energy‐efficient light source, the blue light‐emitting diode, which has great potential in photoelectric applications. However, exploring excellent blue‐light materials is still a bigger challenge than red/green ones, especially those with optical‐dielectric dual channels of dielectricity and photoluminescence, which are rarely reported and gradually become the main research objects and nodi in the information industry. Herein, the first molecular blue‐light switching material, (4‐methoxybenzylaminum)2ZnCl4 (1) with many advantages, such as light weight, easy, and environment‐friendly processing, controllability, flexibility, and so on, performs optical and dielectric dual switching simultaneously in a single‐molecule integrated module. And the multifunctional switching ON/OFF channels can be manipulated in the bulk crystal or unidirectional film by applying an external thermal signal, which shows a high signal‐to‐noise ratio of 2:1 and a strong fatigue resistance. Besides, the dense film maintains the structural retention characteristic after more than 10 000 times of folding over 90°, which is the mark of its real genius as an ultraflexible blue‐light device. This finding will promote the application of blue‐light materials in optoelectronic devices and open up a new era of molecule‐based blue‐light switchable multifunctional materials.
Controllable Photoluminescence Behaviors of Amphiphilic Porphyrin Supramolecular Assembly Mediated by Cyclodextrins
Authors: Liu Guoxing , Zhang Ying‐Ming , Xu Xiufang , Zhang Lu , Yu Qilin , Zhao Qian , Zhao Chaoyue , Liu Yu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTunable photoluminescence nanomaterials have aroused increasing interest from researchers recently due to their application in bioimaging, photodynamic therapy, and energy conversion. Herein, an artificial ternary nanosystem comprised of dithienylethene‐bridged bis(permethyl‐β‐CD)s, dodecyl‐bearing porphyrin, and amphipathic near‐infrared (NIR) cyanine fluorochrome is conveniently constructed by rationally designing the host/guest components, dimensions, and properties. In this system, an effective energy transfer (ET) from porphyrin to cyanine fluorochrome leads to the dramatic enhancement of NIR fluorescence intensity and more crucially, this process can be efficiently regulated by distinct light input, achieving photoswitching ET‐NIR fluorescence in aqueous media.
Supported Palladium Nanoparticles Catalyzed Reductive Carbonylation of Nitroarenes to N‐Arylformamides
Authors: Thakur Vandna , Kumar Ajay , Sharma Nishtha , Shil Arun K. , Das Pralay 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA facile reductive carbonylation reaction of nitroarenes to N‐arylformamide synthesis was investigated under polymer supported palladium (Pd@PS) nanoparticles catalyzed conditions. Dual role of oxalic acid dihydrate ((CO2H)2 ⋅ 2H2O) as H2 source for hydrogenation and CO source for carbonylation reaction for desired products synthesis was critically investigated under favorable DMF solvent conditions. Several cross experiments were performed to establish the best possible hypothesis for the proposed mechanism and understanding about the involvement of CO in the reaction pathway. Further, ortho‐substituted nitroarenes were found to be highly specific for facile para‐hydroxylation to give corresponding para‐hydroxy N‐aryl formamides.magnified image
Sustainable In Situ Carbothermal Reduction Route to Biochar Stabilized Ru–Cu Nanoalloys from Lignocellulosic Biomass as a Highly Efficient and Durable Catalyst
Authors: Chen Si‐Qin , Ling Li‐Li , Zhang Shun , Jiang Shun‐Feng , Xu Zhuoran , Liu Wu‐Jun , Jiang Hong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCarbon‐based functional materials have extensive applications in the fields of catalysis, energy storage, and conversion, as well as environmental science. However, it remains challenging to synthesize these materials in an economically sustainable way. This work demonstrates an in situ carbothermal reduction route to prepare biochar stabilized Ru–Cu nanoalloys (Ru–Cu/biochar) with low Ru loading (0.16 wt%) by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass waste. The as‐synthesized Ru–Cu/biochar shows excellent catalytic performance toward Cr(VI) reduction by hydrazine (N2H4·H2O), with 94% of the Cr(VI) reduced in aqueous solution within 150 s without any additional precipitation process. The catalyst also demonstrates high stability without significant loss of activity after nine cycles. This work offers a sustainable approach to utilize biomass waste to synthesize functional materials as highly efficient and durable catalysts.
Reaction of Thiocarbonyl Fluoride Generated from Difluorocarbene with Amines
Authors: Yu Jiao , Lin Jin‐Hong , Xiao Ji‐Chang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe reaction of thiocarbonyl fluoride, generated from difluorocarbene, with various amines under mild conditions is described. Secondary amines, primary amines, and o‐phenylenediamines are converted to thiocarbamoyl fluorides, isothiocyanates, and difluoromethylthiolated heterocycles, respectively. Thiocarbamoyl fluorides were further transformed into trifluoromethylated amines by using a one‐pot process. Thiocarbonyl fluoride is generated in situ and is rapidly fully converted in one pot under mild conditions; therefore, no special safety precautions are needed.
A Copper(II) Phenanthroline Metallopeptide That Targets and Disrupts Mitochondrial Function in Breast Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Laws Kristine , Bineva‐Todd Ganka , Eskandari Arvin , Lu Chunxin , O'Reilly Nicola , Suntharalingam Kogularamanan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe breast cancer stem cell (CSC) and bulk breast cancer cell potency of a series of metallopeptides containing dichloro(1,10‐phenanthroline)copper(II) and various organelle‐targeting peptide sequences is reported. The mitochondria‐targeting metallopeptide 1 exploits the higher mitochondrial load in breast CSCs over the corresponding non‐CSCs and the vulnerability of breast CSCs to mitochondrial damage to potently and selectively kill breast CSCs. Strikingly, 1 reduces the formation and size of mammospheres to a greater extent than salinomycin, an established CSC‐potent agent. Mechanistic studies show that 1 enters CSC mitochondria, induces mitochondrial dysfunction, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), activates JNK and p38 pathways, and prompts apoptosis. To the best of our knowledge, 1 is the first metallopeptide to selectivity kill breast CSCs in vitro.
A Gold‐Catalyzed Domino Cyclization Enabling Rapid Construction of Diverse Polyheterocyclic Frameworks
Authors: He Yi , Li Zhenghua , Robeyns Koen , Van Meervelt Luc , Van der Eycken Erik V. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe report herein an efficient gold(I)‐catalyzed post‐Ugi domino dearomatization/ipso‐cyclization/Michael sequence that enables access to libraries of diverse (hetero)arene‐annulated tricyclic heterocycles. This process affords novel complex polycyclic scaffolds in moderate to good yields from readily available acyclic precursors with excellent chemo‐, regio‐, and diastereoselectivity. The power of this strategy has been demonstrated by the rapid synthesis of 40 highly functionalized polyheterocycles bearing indole, pyrrole, (benzo)furan, (benzo)thiophene, pyrazole, and electron‐rich arene groups in two operational steps.
A Strontium‐ and Chlorine‐Free Pyrotechnic Illuminant of High Color Purity
Authors: Glück Johann , Klapötke Thomas M. , Rusan Magdalena , Sabatini Jesse J. , Stierstorfer Jörg 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe development of a red‐light‐emitting pyrotechnic illuminant has garnered interest from the pyrotechnics community owing to potential regulations by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) regarding the use of strontium and chlorinated organic materials. To address these environmental regulatory concerns, the development of lithium‐based red‐light‐emitting pyrotechnic compositions of high purity and color quality is described. These formulations do not contain strontium or chlorinated organic materials. Rather, the disclosed formulations are based on a non‐hygroscopic dilithium nitrogen‐rich salt that serves as both oxidizer and red colorant. These formulations are likely to draw interest from the civilian fireworks and military pyrotechnics communities for further development as they both have a vested interest in the development of environmentally conscious formulations.
Application of industrial solid wastes in catalytic pyrolysis
Authors: Qiu Bingbing , Deng Na , Zhang Yufeng , Wan Haijun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe catalytic pyrolysis is one of the thermochemical patterns for producing chemical products consisting of solid char, liquid oil, and pyrolytic gas. A number of parameters affecting the catalytic pyrolysis process, yields, and properties of products such as the temperature, residence time, heating rate, feedstock type, and the use of catalyst were evaluated in details to promote the process of catalytic pyrolysis. Catalytic pyrolysis has emerged with the use of a catalyst such as red mud, fly ash, copper slag, blast furnace slag, coal gangue, and aluminum dross. In this paper, a brief discussion with recent development on industrial solid wastes as a catalyst in catalytic pyrolysis process is presented. In the process, the liquid oil is of higher quality; in addition, process by‐products such as solid char can be used as an adsorbent material, while the quality of pyrolysis gases is improved. Despite all the potential advantages with industrial solid wastes as a catalyst, some limitations such as less reuse of catalyst and high parasitic energy demand are still remaining. The recommended measurements for these challenges include exploration of suitable reactor, catalyst regeneration, and catalytic mechanism optimization.
Cartilage MicroRNA Dysregulation During the Onset and Progression of Mouse Osteoarthritis Is Independent of Aggrecanolysis and Overlaps With Candidates From End‐Stage Human Disease
Authors: Kung Louise H. W. , Ravi Varshini , Rowley Lynn , Angelucci Constanza , Fosang Amanda J. , Bell Katrina M. , Little Christopher B. , Bateman John F. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo identify candidate microRNAs (miRNAs) that potentially regulate the initiation and progression of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsOA was induced in 10–12‐week‐old male wild‐type C57BL/6 mice and in mice resistant to aggrecanase cleavage (Acan p.374ALGS→374NVYS) by destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Pathologic changes of OA were scored histologically. RNA from cartilage and subchondral bone was harvested in parallel by laser microdissection at 1 week and 6 weeks postsurgery. Global miRNA expression profiling was performed using Agilent microarrays and was validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis.ResultsWild‐type DMM mice had characteristic cartilage degeneration, subchondral bone sclerosis, and osteophyte formation. While no miRNA dysregulation was seen in subchondral bone, 139 miRNAs were differentially expressed in cartilage obtained at 1 and/or 6 weeks after OA initiation from wild‐type mice that underwent DMM. To prioritize OA candidates, dysregulated miRNAs with human orthologs were filtered, and paired miRNA/messenger RNA (mRNA) expression analysis was conducted to identify those with corresponding changes in mRNA target transcripts in the DMM mouse cartilage. An important cohort also overlapped with miRNAs identified in human end‐stage OA. Comparisons of miRNA dysregulation in DMM mouse cartilage where aggrecan cleavage was genetically ablated demonstrated that all candidates were independent of aggrecan breakdown, earmarking these as important to the critical stages of OA initiation. Furthermore, functional enrichment analysis and data annotation revealed the responses to mechanical stimuli, apoptotic processes, and core extracellular matrix structural and regulatory factors to be potentially influenced by OA‐dysregulated miRNA/mRNA networks.ConclusionOur comprehensive analyses identified high‐priority miRNA candidates that have potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in human OA.
Production of 1,2‐propanediol in photoautotrophic Synechocystis is linked to glycogen turn‐over
Authors: David Christian , Schmid Andreas , Adrian Lorenz , Wilde Annegret , Bühler Katja 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe utilized a photoautotrophic organism to synthesize 1,2‐propanediol from carbon dioxide and water fueled by light. A synthetic pathway comprising mgsA (methylglyoxal synthase), yqhD (aldehyde reductase), and adh (alcohol dehydrogenase) was inserted into Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 to convert dihydroxyacetone phosphate to methylglyoxal, which is subsequently reduced to acetol and then to 1,2‐propanediol. 1,2‐propanediol could be successfully produced by Synechocystis, at an approximate rate of 55 μmol h−1 gCDW−1. Surprisingly, maximal productivity was observed in the stationary phase. The production of 1,2‐propanediol was clearly coupled to the turn‐over of intracellular glycogen. Upon depletion of the glycogen pool, product formation stopped. Reducing the carbon flux to glycogen significantly decreased final product titers. Optimization of cultivation conditions allowed final product titers of almost 1 g L−1 (12 mM), which belongs to the highest values published so far for photoautotrophic production of this compound.
Simultaneous determination of tilianin and its metabolites in mice using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wang Liping , Chen Qingwei , Zhu Lijun , Zeng Xuejun , Li Qiang , Hu Ming , Wang Xinchun , Liu Zhongqiu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTilianin is an active flavonoid glycoside found in many medical plants. Data are lacking regarding its pharmacokinetics and disposition in vivo. The objective of this study was to develop a sensitive, reliable and validated ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method to simultaneously quantify tilianin and its main metabolites and to determine its pharmacokinetics in wild‐type and breast cancer resistance protein knockout (Bcrp1−/−) FVB mice. Chromatographic separation was accomplished on a C18 column by utilizing acetonitrile and 0.5 mm ammonium acetate as the mobile phase. Mass spectrometric detection was performed using electrospray ionization in both positive and negative modes. The results showed that the precision, accuracy and recovery, as well as the stability of tilianin and its metabolites in mouse plasma, were all within acceptable limits. Acacetin‐7‐glucuronide and acacetin‐7‐sulfate were the major metabolites of tilianin in mouse plasma. Moreover, systemic exposure of acacetin‐7‐sulfate was significantly higher in Bcrp1 (−/−) FVB mice compared with wild‐type FVB mice. In conclusion, the fully validated UHPLC–MS/MS method was sensitive, reliable, and was successfully applied to assess the pharmacokinetics of tilianin in wild‐type and Bcrp1 (−/−) FVB mice. Breast cancer resistance protein had a significant impact on the elimination of the sulfated metabolite of tilianin in vivo.
Dilemmas that undermine supervisor confidence
Authors: Thériault Anne , Gazzola Nicola 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundConventional wisdom links supervisor self‐confidence with experience in supervisory practice.AimsThis study explored the nature of confidence from an emic perspective.MethodTwelve experienced Canadian supervisors were interviewed, and data was analysed using Structured Thematic Analysis.ResultsAspects of the role and process produce tensions that create ambiguity that may diminish self‐confidence. Five main themes were distilled: (a) building supervisee confidence when experiencing self‐doubt as supervisor or clinician;(b) parallel process‐what disturbs therapy disturbs supervision; (c) expert vs. co‐explorer; (d) engaging in supervision while maintaining boundaries; and (e) catch 22 – inviting disclosures of difficulties and evaluation.ConclusionThe study adds nuance to the scholarly work that informs supervisor self‐confidence.
Characterization of Novel Carbon Foam Corrugated Structured Packings with Varied Corrugation Angle
Authors: Li Hong , Shi Qiang , Yang Xinwei , Li Xingang , Gao Xin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCarbon foam was utilized to develop corrugated structured packing in distillation for the first time. The hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of CFP‐400X and CFP‐500W with 60 and 75° corrugation angle were determined by total reflux experiments. The results indicate that increasing the corrugation angle will improve the capacity but decrease the mass transfer efficiency. Comparisons among CFP‐400X, SCFP‐500X, BX‐500, and B1‐500X were made with respect to the performance of hydrodynamics and mass transfer. CFP‐400X shows advantages in terms of capacity and efficiency compared with the other two metal packings. SCFP‐500X exhibits a higher mass transfer efficiency than CFP‐400X because of its superior wettability of test liquid which is supported by the liquid flow behavior experiment.
Multimodal image analysis in tissue diagnostics for skin melanoma
Authors: Guo Shuxia , Pfeifenbring Susanne , Meyer Tobias , Ernst Günther , von Eggeling Ferdinand , Maio Vincenza , Massi Daniela , Cicchi Riccardo , Pavone Francesco S. , Popp Jürgen , Bocklitz Thomas 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEarly diagnosis is a corner stone for a successful treatment of most diseases including melanoma, which cannot be achieved by traditional histopathological inspection. In this respect, multimodal imaging, the combination of TPEF and SHG, features a high diagnostic potential as an alternative approach. Multimodal imaging generates molecular contrast, but to use this technique in clinical practice, the optical signals must be translated into diagnostic relevant information. This translation requires automatic image analysis techniques. Within this contribution, we established an analysis pipeline for multimodal images to achieve melanoma diagnostics of skin tissue. The first step of the image analysis was the pre‐treatment, where the mosaicking artifacts were corrected and a standardization was performed. Afterwards, the local histogram‐based first‐order texture features and the local gray‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features were extracted in multiple scales. Thereafter, we constructed a local hierarchical statistical model to distinguish melanoma, normal epithelium, and other tissue types. The results demonstrated the capability of multimodal imaging combined with image analysis to differentiate different tissue types. Furthermore, we compared the histogram and the GLCM‐based texture feature sets according to the Fisher's discriminant ratio (FDR) and the prediction of the classification, which demonstrated that the histogram‐based texture features are superior to the GLCM features for the given task. Finally, we performed a global classification to achieve a patient diagnostics with the clinical diagnosis as ground truth. The agreement of the prediction and the clinical results demonstrated the great potential of multimodal imaging for melanoma diagnostics.
Cubane Cross‐Coupling and Cubane–Porphyrin Arrays
Authors: Bernhard Stefan S. R. , Locke Gemma M. , Plunkett Shane , Meindl Alina , Flanagan Keith J. , Senge Mathias O. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Mathias O. Senge at Trinity College Dublin. The image depicts cubanes and new methods to attach functionalities onto the cubane core. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201704344.
Cover Picture: A Three‐dimensional Non‐fullerene Small Molecule Acceptor for Solution‐processed Organic Solar Cells (Chin. J. Chem. 11/2017)
Authors: Chang Meijia , Wang Yunchuang , Qiu Nailiang , Yi Yuan‐Qiu‐Qiang , Wan Xiangjian , Li Chenxi , Chen Yongshen 
Published: November 2017

The cover picture shows a new three‐dimensional non‐fullerene small molecular acceptor for solution‐processed organic solar cells. The acceptor was named SFTTIC using spiro‐bifluorene as the core unit linking with four thieno[3,2‐b]thiophenes and end‐capped with 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile. SFTTIC has a high absorption coefficient, good thermal stability and appropriate energy levels and the optimized power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.66% was achieved for the devices with PBDB‐T as donor material. These results indicate that the 3D non‐fullerene small molecule is potential for achieving high photovoltaic performance. More details are discussed in the article by Chen et al. on page 1687–1692.
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ShapeFit: Exact Location Recovery from Corrupted Pairwise Directions
Authors: Hand Paul , Lee Choongbum , Voroninski Vladislav 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLet t1,…,tn ∊ ℝd for d ≥ 2 and consider the location recovery problem: given a subset of pairwise direction observations , where a constant fraction of these observations are arbitrarily corrupted, find up to a global translation and scale. We propose a novel algorithm for the location recovery problem, which consists of a simple convex program over $dn$ real variables. We prove that this program recovers a set of n i.i.d. Gaussian locations exactly and with high probability if the observations are given by an Erdős‐Rényi graph, with d large enough, and provided that at most a constant fraction of observations involving any particular location are adversarially corrupted. We also prove that the program exactly recovers Gaussian locations for d = 3 if the fraction of corrupted observations at each location is, up to poly‐logarithmic factors, at most a constant. Both of these recovery theorems are based on a set of deterministic conditions that we prove are sufficient for exact recovery. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.