bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chow ring of generic flag varieties
Authors: Karpenko Nikita A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLet G be a split semisimple algebraic group over a field k and let X be the flag variety (i.e., the variety of Borel subgroups) of G twisted by a generic G‐torsor. We start a systematic study of the conjecture, raised in in form of a question, that the canonical epimorphism of the Chow ring of X onto the associated graded ring of the topological filtration on the Grothendieck ring of X is an isomorphism. Since the topological filtration in this case is known to coincide with the computable gamma filtration, this conjecture indicates a way to compute the Chow ring. We reduce its proof to the case of . For simply‐connected or adjoint G, we reduce the proof to the case of simple G. Finally, we provide a list of types of simple groups for which the conjecture holds. Besides of some classical types considered previously (namely, A, C, and the special orthogonal groups of types B and D), the list contains the exceptional types G2, F4, and simply‐connected E6.
Media hype: Patient and scientific perspectives on misleading medical news
Authors: Robledo Israel , Jankovic Joseph 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIn this age of digital technology, Internet, and social media we are increasingly subjected to an information and disinformation overload. This includes not only political and economic information but also medical news, which is often presented as a “new discovery”, “miracle cure” or some other press hyperbole. In this viewpoint article we present patient and scientific perspectives some recent episodes of medical hype related to Parkinson's disease research, including proposed therapies such as nilotinib, marijuana, stem cells and other controversial therapies that have attracted the mainstream and social media. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of vigilance on the part of patients and physicians when interpreting these often exaggerated and/or unfounded health claims. © 2017 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Long‐term neuromuscular outcomes of west nile virus infection: A clinical and electromyographic evaluation of patients with a history of infection
Authors: Athar Parveen , Hasbun Rodrigo , Nolan Melissa S. , Salazar Lucrecia , Woods Steven P. , Sheikh Kazim , Murray Kristy O. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Neuromuscular clinical manifestations during acute West Nile virus (WNV) infection are well documented; however, long‐term neurologic outcomes still require investigation. Methods: We conducted a long‐term follow‐up study in patients with history of WNV infection. Of the 117 patients who participated in neurologic and neurocognitive evaluations, 30 were referred for neuromuscular and electrodiagnostic evaluation based on abnormal findings. Results: We found that 33% of these patients (10 of 30) showed abnormalities on nerve conduction and/or needle electromyography due to primary or secondary outcomes of WNV infection. Most common electrodiagnostic findings and causes of long‐term disability were related to anterior horn cell poliomyelitis (WNV poliomyelitis). Electrical data on these patient populations were similar to those observed in chronic poliomyelitis. Discussion: With more than 16,000 cases of WNV neuroinvasive disease reported across the USA since 1999, understanding clinical outcomes from infection will provide a resource for physicians managing long‐term care of these patients. Muscle Nerve 57: 77–82, 2018
Vom emissionsfreien Kamin und musikalischen Molekül
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIm letzten Jahr gab es nicht nur Katastrophen zu vermelden, sondern auch Lösungen für drängende Umweltprobleme wie Feinstaub im Auto und zu viel Stickstoff in der Luft. Kunst und Kultur wären ohne Chemie und die Materialien, die sie liefert, weniger schön, und das trifft uneingeschränkt auch für Wassernutzer und Wassertrinker zu.
Docking and molecular dynamics simulations of the Fyn‐SH3 domain with free and phospholipid bilayer‐associated 18.5‐kDa myelin basic protein (MBP)—Insights into a noncanonical and fuzzy interaction
Authors: Bessonov Kyrylo , Vassall Kenrick A. , Harauz George 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe molecular details of the association between the human Fyn‐SH3 domain, and the fragment of 18.5‐kDa myelin basic protein (MBP) spanning residues S38–S107 (denoted as xα2‐peptide, murine sequence numbering), were studied in silico via docking and molecular dynamics over 50‐ns trajectories. The results show that interaction between the two proteins is energetically favorable and heavily dependent on the MBP proline‐rich region (P93‐P98) in both aqueous and membrane environments. In aqueous conditions, the xα2‐peptide/Fyn‐SH3 complex adopts a “sandwich”"‐like structure. In the membrane context, the xα2‐peptide interacts with the Fyn‐SH3 domain via the proline‐rich region and the β‐sheets of Fyn‐SH3, with the latter wrapping around the proline‐rich region in a form of a clip. Moreover, the simulations corroborate prior experimental evidence of the importance of upstream segments beyond the canonical SH3‐ligand. This study thus provides a more‐detailed glimpse into the context‐dependent interaction dynamics and importance of the β‐sheets in Fyn‐SH3 and proline‐rich region of MBP. Proteins 2017; 85:1336–1350. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fertility and urban context: A case study from Ghana, West Africa, using remotely sensed imagery and GIS
Authors: Benza Magdalena , Weeks John R. , Stow Douglas A. , López‐Carr David , Clarke Keith C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSub‐Saharan Africa has the highest levels of fertility in the world, despite rapid urban growth in most nations of the region. While there are many reasons for the fact that fertility decline is slow in Africa, we hypothesize that the relationship between fertility and urbanization is obscured by the fact that urbanization takes place along a gradient. In the most urban places (e.g., neighborhoods of the largest cities), fertility is apt to be very low, but most urban residents are residing in places that are somewhere along a continuum from completely rural to the most urban possible. All previous attempts to define that urban gradient and relate it to fertility levels rely in one form or another on census data. Because sub‐Saharan‐African countries are among the least prolific in terms of census gathering, a measure that relies solely on satellite imagery to gage a place's position along the urban gradient could be extremely useful. This paper describes a methodology for doing this and then uses data from the West African country of Ghana to examine how spatial patterns of land cover are associated with fertility. Satellite imagery and landscape metrics are used to create an urban context definition based on landscape patterns using a gradient approach. Census data are used to model the association between urban context and fertility through ordinary least square regression and spatial autoregressive models. Results indicate that there are significant differences in fertility between different urban contexts.
Clergy in place in England: Bias to the poor or inverse care law?
Authors: Hirst Michael 
Published: April 2017

AbstractFaith traditions frequently proclaim priority for the poor and socially marginalised, emphasising individual and collective responsibility towards those in poverty. Ordained ministers or clergy—possibly the main investment of religious organisations—play a key role in encouraging and fulfilling that commitment in their local settings. This paper considers the availability of clergy to provide pastoral care in areas of high socio‐economic deprivation. Data from the 2011 census of England are used to correlate area variations in the number of clergy with household and neighbourhood deprivation. Findings show that clergy are distributed inversely to socio‐economic deprivation at the ecological level. Fewer clergy are available or readily accessible in the most deprived areas, raising questions about their ability to respond pastorally and act politically on behalf of the poor. Market forces that draw clergy deployments towards less deprived areas warrant further investigation.
Entwicklung von weichen Türmen für Windenergieanlagen – Softtower
Authors: Lange Holger , Elberg Christian 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. em. Dr.‐Ing. Herbert Schmidt zur Vollendung seines 80. Lebensjahres gewidmetIn der Windenergie übernimmt der Turm eine immer wichtigere Rolle, da er mit dem Fundament zusammen für bis zu 45 % der Gesamtkosten verantwortlich ist. Für weitere Ertragssteigerungen werden in Zukunft Türme bis auf 160 m anwachsen. Um dem immer weiter wachsenden Kostendruck in der Windenergie entgegenzuwirken, werden Türme entwickelt, die sehr weich ausgelegt sind und sich gezielt im Resonanzbereich der drehenden Windenergieanlage (WEA) befinden. Hierdurch übernimmt der Turm eine Schlüsselrolle bei der Entwicklung der Anlagensteuerung und der damit einhergehenden Lasten. In diesem Aufsatz wird beschrieben, wie der weiche Turm mit der Windenergieanlage zusammen als eine Einheit die zukünftigen Windenergieanlagen mit bestimmen wird. Es werden die aeroelastischen Einflüsse und die damit verbundenen positiven aerodynamischen Dämpfeffekte in Zusammenhang gebracht und untersucht.
Einblick in das Vorspannverhalten von geschraubten Verbindungen aus nichtrostendem Stahl
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Jungbluth Dominik , Afzali Nariman , Lorenz Christoph 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHerrn Univ.‐Prof. em. Dr.‐Ing. Herbert Schmidt zur Vollendung seines 80. Lebensjahres gewidmetVorgespannte geschraubte Verbindungen aus nichtrostendem Stahl sind derzeit normativ nicht zulässig. Dennoch besteht der Wunsch seitens der Bauausführenden, in Spezialfällen diese Art von Verbindungen tragsicherheitsrelevant oder auch nur aus Gebrauchstauglichkeitsgründen auszuführen. Gemeinhin wird den vorgespannten Verbindungen aus nichtrostendem Stahl unterstellt, dass sie sehr hohen Vorspannkraftverlusten infolge Relaxieren und Kriechen der Schrauben und Kriechen des Klemmpaktes unterliegen, weshalb die tatsächlich in der Verbindung verbleibende Vorspannkraft nicht abschätzbar sein soll. Im Rahmen des europäischen RFCS‐Forschungsvorhabens SIROCO laufen derzeit umfangreiche Untersuchungen zum Anzieh‐ und Vorspannverhalten von geschraubten Verbindungen aus nichtrostenden austenitischen und Duplex‐Stählen zum Einsatz in gleitfesten Verbindungen aus ebenfalls nichtrostenden Stählen. Erste Ergebnisse aus diesem Vorhaben zeigen, dass ein gezieltes Anziehen solcher Verbindungen durchaus möglich ist, dass die Vorspannkraftverluste infolge Relaxieren bei Weitem nicht so hoch sind wie vermutet und dass das Fressen der Verbindungen bei geeigneter Werkstoffpaarung und Wahl des Schmiermittels durchaus zu vermeiden ist. Der vorliegende Beitrag soll erste Einblicke in die vorliegenden Ergebnisse des derzeit noch laufenden Vorhabens geben.
Origin and characterization of alpha smooth muscle actin-positive cells during murine lung development
Authors: Moiseenko Alena , Kheirollahi Vahid , Chao Cho-Ming , Ahmadvand Negah , Quantius Jennifer , Wilhelm Jochen , Herold Susanne , Ahlbrecht Katrin , Morty Rory E. , Rizvanov Albert A. , Minoo Parviz , El Agha Elie , Bellusci Saverio 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
ACTA2 expression identifies pulmonary airway and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) as well as alveolar myofibroblasts (MYF). Mesenchymal progenitors expressing fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10), Wilms tumor 1 (Wt1), or glioma-associated oncogene 1 (Gli1) contribute to SMC formation from early stages of lung development. However, their respective contribution and specificity to the SMC and/or alveolar MYF lineages remain controversial. In addition, the contribution of mesenchymal cells undergoing active WNT signaling remains unknown. Using Fgf10CreERT2, Wt1CreERT2, Gli1CreERT2, and Axin2CreERT2 inducible driver lines in combination with a tdTomatoflox reporter line, the respective differentiation of each pool of labeled progenitor cells along the SMC and alveolar MYF lineages was quantified. The results revealed that while FGF10+ and WT1+ cells show a minor contribution to the SMC lineage, GLI1+ and AXIN2+ cells significantly contribute to both the SMC and alveolar MYF lineages, but with limited specificity. Lineage tracing using the Acta2-CreERT2 transgenic line showed that ACTA2+ cells labeled at embryonic day (E)11.5 do not expand significantly to give rise to new SMCs at E18.5. However, ACTA2+ cells labeled at E15.5 give rise to the majority (85%–97%) of the SMCs in the lung at E18.5 as well as alveolar MYF progenitors in the lung parenchyma. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based isolation of different subpopulations of ACTA2+ lineage-traced cells followed by gene arrays, identified transcriptomic signatures for alveolar MYF progenitors versus airway and vascular SMCs at E18.5. Our results establish a new transcriptional landscape for further experiments addressing the function of signaling pathways in the formation of different subpopulations of ACTA2+ cells.
Intranuclear Actin Structure Modulates Mesenchymal Stem Cell Differentiation
Authors: Sen Buer , Uzer Gunes , Samsonraj Rebekah M. , Xie Zhihui , McGrath Cody , Styner Maya , Dudakovic Amel , van Wijnen Andre J. , Rubin Janet 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Actin structure contributes to physiologic events within the nucleus to control mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) differentiation. Continuous cytochalasin D (Cyto D) disruption of the MSC actin cytoskeleton leads to osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation, both requiring mass transfer of actin into the nucleus. Cyto D remains extranuclear, thus intranuclear actin polymerization is potentiated by actin transfer: we asked whether actin structure affects differentiation. We show that secondary actin filament branching via the Arp2/3 complex is required for osteogenesis and that preventing actin branching stimulates adipogenesis, as shown by expression profiling of osteogenic and adipogenic biomarkers and unbiased RNA-seq analysis. Mechanistically, Cyto D activates osteoblast master regulators (e.g., Runx2, Sp7, Dlx5) and novel coregulated genes (e.g., Atoh8, Nr4a3, Slfn5). Formin-induced primary actin filament formation is critical for Arp2/3 complex recruitment: osteogenesis is prevented by silencing of the formin mDia1, but not its paralog mDia2. Furthermore, while inhibition of actin, branching is a potent adipogenic stimulus, silencing of either mDia1 or mDia2 blocks adipogenic gene expression. We propose that mDia1, which localizes in the cytoplasm of multipotential MSCs and traffics into the nucleus after cytoskeletal disruption, joins intranuclear mDia2 to facilitate primary filament formation before mediating subsequent branching via Arp2/3 complex recruitment. The resulting intranuclear branched actin network specifies osteogenic differentiation, while actin polymerization in the absence of Arp2/3 complex-mediated secondary branching causes adipogenic differentiation.
Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α Potentiates Jagged 1-Mediated Angiogenesis by Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes
Authors: Gonzalez-King Hernán , García Nahuel A. , Ontoria-Oviedo Imelda , Ciria María , Montero José Anastasio , Sepúlveda Pilar 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Insufficient vessel growth associated with ischemia remains an unresolved issue in vascular medicine. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been shown to promote angiogenesis via a mechanism that is potentiated by hypoxia. Overexpression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α in MSCs improves their therapeutic potential by inducing angiogenesis in transplanted tissues. Here, we studied the contribution of exosomes released by HIF-1α-overexpressing donor MSCs (HIF-MSC) to angiogenesis by endothelial cells. Exosome secretion was enhanced in HIF-MSC. Omics analysis of miRNAs and proteins incorporated into exosomes pointed to the Notch pathway as a candidate mediator of exosome communication. Interestingly, we found that Jagged1 was the sole Notch ligand packaged into MSC exosomes and was more abundant in HIF-MSC than in MSC controls. The addition of Jagged1-containing exosomes from MSC and HIF-MSC cultures to endothelial cells triggered transcriptional changes in Notch target genes and induced angiogenesis in an in vitro model of capillary-like tube formation, and both processes were stimulated by HIF-1α. Finally, subcutaneous injection of Jagged 1-containing exosomes from MSC and HIF-MSC cultures in the Matrigel plug assay induced angiogenesis in vivo, which was more robust when they were derived from HIF-MSC cultures. All Jagged1-mediated effects could be blocked by prior incubation of exosomes with an anti-Jagged 1 antibody. All together, the results indicate that exosomes derived from MSCs stably overexpressing HIF-1α have an increased angiogenic capacity in part via an increase in the packaging of Jagged1, which could have potential applications for the treatment of ischemia-related disease.
Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Alters Their Immunomodulatory Properties in a Tissue-Specific Manner
Authors: Munir Hafsa , Ward Lewis S. C. , Sheriff Lozan , Kemble Samuel , Nayar Saba , Barone Francesca , Nash Gerard B. , McGettrick Helen M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Chronic inflammation is associated with formation of ectopic fat deposits that might represent damage-induced aberrant mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) differentiation. Such deposits are associated with increased levels of inflammatory infiltrate and poor prognosis. Here we tested the hypothesis that differentiation from MSC to adipocytes in inflamed tissue might contribute to chronicity through loss of immunomodulatory function. We assessed the effects of adipogenic differentiation of MSC isolated from bone marrow or adipose tissue on their capacity to regulate neutrophil recruitment by endothelial cells and compared the differentiated cells to primary adipocytes from adipose tissue. Bone marrow derived MSC were immunosuppressive, inhibiting neutrophil recruitment to TNFα-treated endothelial cells (EC), but MSC-derived adipocytes were no longer able to suppress neutrophil adhesion. Changes in IL-6 and TGFβ1 signalling appeared critical for the loss of the immunosuppressive phenotype. In contrast, native stromal cells, adipocytes derived from them, and mature adipocytes from adipose tissue were all immunoprotective. Thus disruption of normal tissue stroma homeostasis, as occurs in chronic inflammatory diseases, might drive “abnormal” adipogenesis which adversely influences the behavior of MSC and contributes to pathogenic recruitment of leukocytes. Interestingly, stromal cells programmed in native fat tissue retain an immunoprotective phenotype.
Novel Deposition System Designs for Thin Film Materials Research
Authors: Gaines James Roland 
Published: April 2017

AbstractModern thin film deposition systems must be designed for maximum flexibility with respect to their physical footprint as well as the range of processes and materials they can support. Increasingly disciplines that have not traditionally utilized thin film deposition, such as biology and medicine, are demanding that materials never intended for vacuum be applied on a molecular level. Multi‐user nanofabrication facilities are tasked to adapt and accommodate new requirements while also making room for new tools in environments which may already be over crowded. New system designs, mindful of these challenges, are discussed.
Unit root tests
Authors: Herranz Edward 
Published: April 2017

Unit roots are nonstationary autoregressive (AR) or autoregressive moving average (ARMA) time series processes which may include an intercept and/or a trend. These processes are used often in economics and finance, but can also be found in other scientific fields. Unit root tests address the null hypothesis of a unit root, and an alternative hypothesis of a stationary (or trend stationary) time series. Critical values for unit root tests are typically derived via simulation of limiting distributions expressed as functionals of Brownian motions. The critical values for the Dickey Fuller unit root test with a constant and linear trend are derived via simulation in the R language. Simulation studies are presented showing that linear regressions with unit root processes often produce spurious results. Additional simulation studies are reviewed providing statistical evidence that near‐unit roots can often result in spurious cointegration relationships. Various unit root tests are presented, including ones that allow for structural breaks in intercept and/or trend. Threshold unit root tests are introduced. Simulation studies are used to compare the unit root tests under various scenarios. The case where the analyzed time series may have stationary and nonstationary segments is also considered. WIREs Comput Stat 2017, 9:e1396. doi: 10.1002/wics.1396This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Finance
Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Monte Carlo Methods
Data: Types and Structure > Time Series, Stochastic Processes, and Functional Data
Human diseases, immunity and the oral microbiota—Insights gained from metagenomic studies
Authors: Idris Adi , Hasnain Sumaira Z. , Huat Lu Z. , Koh David 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe immune system consists of a complex but organised myriad of cell types that continually maintain and survey their resident environment. It is this balanced homeostatic relationship between the cells of the immune system and its surrounding environment that shapes the microbial flora. In the oral cavity, the immune system not only has to harmonise with the ecology of commensal bacteria, fungi and viruses but also should be able to defend against pathogenic microbes. In fact, the oral microbiota is altered in situations when the immune system is dysregulated. There are a number of human diseases or conditions that perturb the balance of the host immune system and have an effect on the host oral microbiota. If this balance is disturbed, the symbiotic relationship will shift to allow the colonisation or overgrowth of potentially pathogenic species, inducing a pathogenic process that leads to various disease symptoms. The dynamics balance between the immune status and the oral microbial community of an individual has remained understudied till recently. Advances in metagenomics allow detailed investigations into oral microbial population and the possible diversity. This concise review summarises the current findings using metagenomic approaches for studying oral microbial flora diversity.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE THE USE OF IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES AND WATER MANAGEMENT PRACTICES IN ARKANSAS
Authors: HUANG QIUQIONG , XU YING , KOVACS KENT , WEST GRANT 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study investigates which factors may influence producers’ use of irrigation technologies and/or water management practices (WMPs). One major finding is that Arkansas producers are more likely to rely on WMPs instead of sprinkler irrigation as a response to changes in depth to water and drought occurrences. This finding highlights the importance of expanding the existing literature that focuses mostly on more efficient irrigation technologies, especially in areas where WMPs are more prevalent. Climate factors also play a role. Sprinkler systems are more prevalent in regions with lower average temperature. WMPs are used to mitigate the impact of more frequent droughts.