bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation, bioactivity and mechanism of nano-hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate/chitosan bone repair material
Authors: Liao Jianguo , Li Yanqun , Li Haiyan , Liu Jingxian , Xie Yufen , Wang Jianping , Zhang Yongxiang 
Published: September 2017

Background: As the major inorganic component of natural bone, nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) on its own is limited in its use in bone repair, due to its brittleness. Chitosan (CS) and sodium alginate (SAL) are used to reduce its brittleness and tendency to degradation. However, the compressive strength of the composite is still low, and its biological performance needs further study. Methods: Nano-hydroxyapatite/sodium alginate/chitosan (n-HA/SAL/CS) composite was prepared via an in situ synthesis method. Further, we prepared the n-HA/SAL/CS self-setting bone repair material by mixing n-HA/SAL/CS powder with a curing liquid (20 wt.% citric acid). In addition, the in vitro bioactivity and cell cytotoxicity were also explored. Results: Transmission electron microscopy photos revealed that the n-HA crystals were uniformly distributed throughout the polymer matrix. Infrared IR spectroscopy indicated that the HA interacted with the COO− of SAL and NH2− of CS. The compressive strength of the n-HA/SAL/CS bone cement was 34.3 MPa and matched the demands of weight-bearing bones. Soaking in vitro in simulated body fluid demonstrated that the composite material had reasonably good bioactivity, while cytotoxicity tests indicated that the n-HA/SAL/CS cement could promote cell proliferation and was biocompatible. Conclusions: Compressive strength of n-HA/SAL/CS can satisfy the needs of cancellous bone, and in vitro bioactivity and cytotoxicity tests results indicated that the n-HA/SAL/CS composite could act as an optimal bone repair material.
Relação da Teoria da Sinalização com o Desempenho das Empresas a partir dos seus Indicadores de Performance de Divulgação Voluntária
Authors: Janiszewski Vanessa Janiszewski , Carrascoso Lívia Albuquerque , Felix Júnior Luiz Antonio , Lagioia Umbelina Cravo Teixeira , Oliveira Marina Fidelis Jerônimo 
Published: September 2017

Este estudo objetivou identificar a presença de mecanismos de sinalização no mercado brasileiro, por meio da divulgação de informações nos demonstrativos financeiros anuais. Para alcançar este objetivo foi desenvolvida inicialmente a análise descritiva dos dados, avaliando o nível de divulgação de índices voluntários incrementais e posteriormente analisou-se os dados coletados, por meio do software Gnu Regression, Econometrics and Time-series Libray (gretL 1.9.92), estimando-se um modelo de análise de regressão múltipla para identificar a relação entre o percentual da quantidade de indicadores de performance incrementais com variação percentual das variáveis independentes. Como resultados da pesquisa, observou-se um baixo nível de divulgação de índices voluntários incrementais, apresentando um percentual médio de 19% de divulgação, e atingindo um nível máximo de 64% de índices de divulgação incremental voluntária. A pesquisa encontrou uma forte relação dos Indicadores de Divulgação Voluntária com a variação da Rentabilidade e do Tamanho das empresas, em contraste, no que se refere aos níveis de risco não houve associação significativa. O estudo provou que empresas tendem a sinalizar através de seus indicadores de performance voluntários quando ocorre uma queda no desempenho. Assim, através dos resultados do estudo, verificou-se que empresas divulgam informação na busca reduzir a assimetria informacional para convencer aos seus usuários externos que estão agindo de forma otimizada. Palavras - chave: Divulgação. Performance. Sinalização.
Endodontic Management of a Three Rooted Mandibular Third Molar with a Dilacerated Distal Root and Close Approximation to the Inferior Alveolar Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Sharawy Wael Waheed , Ahmed Hany Mohamed Aly 
Published: August 2017

Aim: A thorough understanding of root and canal anatomical variations is essential for achieving successful endodontic treatment. Literature continues to demonstrate complex root and canal anatomical variations in mandibular third molars which are sometimes in close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal.
Methodology: A 26-year-old male patient was referred for endodontic treatment of a three-rooted mandibular third molar with a dilacerated distal root and close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal. A cone beam computed tomography was performed to assess the root and canal anatomical variations together with the inferior alveolar canal. Conventional endodontic treatment was performed using a rotary nickel-titanium file system, and the canals were then obturated using a cold lateral condensation technique.
Results: The endodontic treatment procedures were performed successfully and in the follow-up visit, the tooth was asymptomatic.
Conclusions: Despite limited accessibility and challenges during root canal treatment procedures, retaining every functional component of the dental arch, including mandibular third molars, is an essential goal of contemporary dental practice.
How to cite this article: Sharawy WW, Ahmed HMA. Endodontic management of a three rooted mandibular third molar with a dilacerated distal root and close approximation to the inferior alveolar canal: A case report. Int Dent Res 2017;7:42-45.
Le retour au travail d’immigrants ayant subi une lésion professionnelle : les embûches
de la rencontre interculturelle et la précarité du lien d’emploi
Authors: Gravel Sylvie , Dubé Jessica , Côté Daniel , White Bob W. , Gratton Danielle 
Published: August 2017

Cet article rapporte une partie des résultats d'une étude exploratoire sur le
processus de réadaptation et de retour au travail en contexte de relations interculturelles.
Cette étude avait deux objectifs : identifier les stratégies mises de l'avant par les
différents acteurs pour faciliter le processus de réadaptation et de retour au travail des
travailleurs immigrants et décrire les contraintes, les obstacles et les aides au processus
selon la perspective des différents acteurs. Des entrevues semi-dirigées ont ainsi été
menées auprès de 47 répondants : cliniciens, agents d'indemnisation et conseillers en
réadaptation de la CNESST, employeurs et travailleurs immigrants victimes d'une lésion
reconnue et indemnisée. Au-delà des barrières linguistiques et culturelles, deux facteurs
nuisent au retour en emploi des travailleurs immigrants : d'une part, la précarité du lien
d'emploi freine leurs efforts et mine leur volonté de consolider leur état de santé et,
d'autre part, la menace ou la perte réelle du lien d'emploi amène une rupture symbolique
dans leur processus d'intégration. Cette rupture est importante pour ceux qui sont
surqualifiés pour leur poste, surtout si leur emploi est un passage obligé pour acquérir une
expérience de travail au Canada et viser ensuite un emploi à la hauteur de leurs
compétences. Le processus de réadaptation peut soit se transformer en un « parcours
déshonorant », soit fournir une occasion d'améliorer sa situation sur un marché du travail
discriminant. Adapter les programmes à la réalité de ces travailleurs immigrants est
possible, mais pose un dilemme moral et éthique : comment motiver les travailleurs à se
rétablir tout en explorant un autre créneau d'emploi si leur lien d'emploi risque d'être
rompu, alors que les règles relatives au droit de retour au travail prévoient la
réintégration de l'emploi prélésionnel ou tout autre poste jugé équivalent?
"An Eyesore among Eyesores" : The Significance of Physical Setting in Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily"
Authors: Khrais Sura M. 
Published: September 2017

It is the purpose of this paper to study the significance of the physical setting of Faulkner's "A Rose for Emily". The two main geographical settings are Jefferson Town and the Grierson's house . The researcher will show how Faulkner's treatment of the details of the house (the microcosmic geographical settings) which include the upstairs bridal chamber, the crayon portrait, the front door, and window frame leads to a better understanding of Miss Emily's motivations and actions, and gives us insight to her lonely isolated life. At a certain point, Emily's decaying smelly house is refuge from the modernised outside world to which she does not belong. Furthermore, the house is the source of Miss Emily's power. Inside the walls of the house, she is a strong woman, a killer; yet a woman falling in love. Nevertheless, Faulkner presents another horrifying image of Emily's house. It harbours death and decay. In this sense, the house is closer to dark setting we read about in Gothic Romance. On the other hand, the town is the macrocosmic setting. It is a fallen legacy as it becomes a symbol for the fall of the old South which Emily's house still harbours.
Between Languages and Cultures: Arabic into English Transliteration in English Travel Literature
Authors: Adel Almahameed Nusaiba , Abbadi Renad Mohammad , Almahameed Atef Adel 
Published: September 2017

This essay aspires to examine the use of transliteration of some words and phrases from Arabic to English in travel literature books. This has been conducted by exploring the transliterated Arabic words and phrases, and comparing the different transliterations of the same words and phrases by different writers. It investigates the way that the travel writers employ in making plural nouns, the use of the definite article (Al) (ال), and Al-tashdid (the duplication of a letter). The conclusion drawn is that travel literature writers resort to transliteration for three reasons; one of the main reasons is that sometimes there is no one-to-one correspondence; the second main reason suggests that transliteration avoids the loss of meaning; and the third one stems from the fact that transliteration helps to find transculturation between cultures. The contributions of this essay would be of concern to scholars, who are interested in Arabic into English transliteration, specifically in English travel literature. According to the researchers’ knowledge, this essay can be considered a leading pioneer study in the field that deals with transliteration from Arabic into English in English travel literature.
Parodi og det imaginære Afrika i en lesning av Rumpemelk fra Afrika
Authors: Alfheim Ingvild , Fodstad Cecilie Dyrkorn 
Published: August 2017

Denne artikkelen analyserer Erlend Loe og Alice Bjerknes Lima de Farias bildebok Rumpemelk fra Afrika (2012). Her foretar vi en tematisk analyse av det imaginære Afrika som presenteres gjennom hovedpersonens Afrika-reise. Reisen er en jakt etter det som blir betegnet som «rumpemelk». Bildeboka er postmoderne og plasserer seg i en tradisjon etter fabelen, der fantasi, lek og besjelte dyr er sentrale element, men parodi og intertekstualitet spiller også en sentral rolle i hvordan det imaginære Afrika gestaltes. Målet med artikkelen er å foreta en tematisk lesning som undersøker hvordan bildebokas intertekstuelle og parodiske dialog med tidligere Afrika-forestillinger i barnelitteraturen danner grunnlaget for det imaginære Afrika som presenteres i denne spesifikke boka. This article on Erlend Loe og Alice Bjerknes Lima de Faria’s picture book Rumpemelk fra Afrika (2012) is a thematic analysis of the imaginary Africa which is portrayed through the protagonist’s journey to Africa in search of what is termed “milk from the bum.” The picture book is a postmodern picture book, and can be placed in the tradition of the fable, where play and fantasy and animated animals are central ingredients, but parody and intertextuality also play a central role in how the imaginary Africa is rendered. This article’s intention is to analyse the way in which this picture book forms an intertextual and parodic dialogue with previous myths and pretexts of the tales of Africa in children’s literature in the creation of the specific imaginary Africa of this book.
Spatial Patterns of Summer Speedup on South Central Alaska Glaciers
Authors: Armstrong William H. , Anderson Robert S. , Fahnestock Mark A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSeasonal changes in glacier basal motion are attributable to variations in subglacial hydrology and cause variations in both ice discharge and glacier erosion. We develop a novel workflow based upon Landsat 8 feature tracking to document differences between spatial patterns of summer and winter glacier surface speed, which reflect changes in the distribution of basal motion. We identify and characterize summer speedups on 13 of 19 land‐terminating glaciers in Alaska's Wrangell‐St Elias Ranges. The speedups are relatively uniform over much of the ablation zones, and the speedup magnitudes vary by only a factor of ~2 between glaciers whose velocities span an order of magnitude. Summer speedups extend up to ~30 km up glacier from termini and often end at the bases of icefalls. These data provide systematic observation of the spatial pattern of enhanced summer glacier basal motion and suggest the possibility of its parameterization in glacier models.
Twentieth century correlations between extratropical SST variability and ITCZ shifts
Authors: Green Brian , Marshall John , Donohoe Aaron 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a global‐scale band of tropical precipitation lying, in the annual mean, just north of the equator. Its position can be tied to the atmosphere's energy balance: the Northern Hemisphere is heated more strongly than the Southern Hemisphere, biasing the atmosphere's circulation and ITCZ north of the equator. In the context of this energy balance framework, we examine multidecadal connections between variations in the position of the global ITCZ and indices of extratropical sea surface temperature (SST) variability over the twentieth century. We find that the ITCZ and atmospheric circulation are shifted farther to the north during periods when North Atlantic and North Pacific SSTs are anomalously warm. Additionally, a warmer North Atlantic is correlated with a relatively warm Northern Hemisphere atmosphere. Our results suggest an important role for the ocean circulation in modulating ITCZ migrations on decade‐and‐longer timescales.
Volumetric‐modulated arc therapy and intensity‐modulated radiation therapy treatment planning for prostate cancer with flattened beam and flattening filter free linear accelerators
Authors: Treutwein Marius , Hipp Matthias , Koelbl Oliver , Dobler Barbara 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study on patients with localized prostate cancer was set up to investigate valuable differences using flattened beam (FB) and flattening filter free (FFF) mode in the application of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT). For ten patients, four different plans were calculated with Oncentra planning system of Elekta, using Synergy machines: IMRT and VMAT, with and without flattening filter. Homogeneity and conformity indexes, dose to the organs at risk, and measurements of peripheral dose and dosimetric plan verification including record of the delivery times were analyzed and statistically evaluated. The indexes for homogeneity and conformity (CTV and PTV) are either advantageous or not significantly different for FFF compared to FB with one minor exception. Regarding the doses to the organs at risk and the measured peripheral dose, equivalent or lower doses were delivered for FFF than with FB. Furthermore, the delivery times were significantly shorter for FFF. VMAT compared to IMRT reveals benefits or at least equivalent values. VMAT‐FFF combines the most advantageous plan quality parameters with the shortest delivery times and reduced peripheral dose and is therefore recommended for the given equipment and cancer localization.
The Effects of Programme Context on Memory for Humorous Television Commercials
Authors: Han Da Eun , McClelland Alastair , Furnham Adrian 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThis study investigated the effects of programme context on memory for humorous television advertisements in South Korean participants. Humorous and nonhumorous Korean advertisements were embedded within two programme contexts: humorous and nonhumorous. When the programme ratings of humour, enjoyment and involvement were higher, unaided recall was poorer. In addition, unaided recall of the advertisements was better when they were embedded within a nonhumorous programme. However, there was no significant programme‐advertisement interaction effect. Overall, both free and cued recall were higher for humorous advertisements than for the nonhumorous advertisements. The findings are discussed in terms of cultural differences and changes in television programmes and advertising over time.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Magnetoresistance Induced by a Nonzero Berry Phase in GeTe/Sb2Te3 Chalcogenide Superlattices
Authors: Tominaga Junji , Saito Yuta , Mitrofanov Kirill , Inoue Nobuki , Fons Paul , Kolobov Alexander V. , Nakamura Hisao , Miyata Noriyuki 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe chalcogenide alloy Ge–Sb–Te (GST) has not only been used in rewritable digital versatile discs, but also in nonvolatile electrical phase change memory as a key recording material. Although GST has been believed for a long time not to show magnetic properties unless doped with magnetic impurities, it has recently been reported that superlattices (SLs) with the structure [(GeTe)L(Sb2Te3)M]N (where L, M, and N are usually integers) have a large magnetoresistance at room temperature for particular combinations of L and M. Here it is reported that when [(GeTe)L(Sb2Te3)M]N chalcogenide SL films are thermally annealed at 470 K and cooled down to room temperature under an external magnetic field accompanied by current pulse injections, a large magnetoresistance change (>2500 Ω) is induced. This study shows that the phenomenon has a strong correlation with the GeTe thickness and the periodic structure of the SL films, and that it is induced by the structural phase transition between electrically nonpolar and polar phases in the GeTe layers in the SLs. This study proposes that the relationship between the polar (ferroelectric) phase and the Berry curvature in the SLs is responsible for the magnetoresistance change.
Side Chain Engineering on Medium Bandgap Copolymers to Suppress Triplet Formation for High‐Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Xue Lingwei , Yang Yankang , Xu Jianqiu , Zhang Chunfeng , Bin Haijun , Zhang Zhi‐Guo , Qiu Beibei , Li Xiaojun , Sun Chenkai , Gao Liang , Yao Jia , Chen Xiaofeng , Yang Yunxu , Xiao Min , Li Yongfang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSuppression of carrier recombination is critically important in realizing high‐efficiency polymer solar cells. Herein, it is demonstrated difluoro‐substitution of thiophene conjugated side chain on donor polymer can suppress triplet formation for reducing carrier recombination. A new medium bandgap 2D‐conjugated D–A copolymer J91 is designed and synthesized with bi(alkyl‐difluorothienyl)‐benzodithiophene as donor unit and fluorobenzotriazole as acceptor unit, for taking the advantages of the synergistic fluorination on the backbone and thiophene side chain. J91 demonstrates enhanced absorption, low‐lying highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, and higher hole mobility, in comparison with its control polymer J52 without fluorination on the thiophene side chains. The transient absorption spectra indicate that J91 can suppress the triplet formation in its blend film with n‐type organic semiconductor acceptor m‐ITIC (3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐(3‐(1,1‐dicyanomethylene)‐indanone)‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(3‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d:2,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b:5,6‐b′]‐dithiophene). With these favorable properties, a higher power conversion efficiency of 11.63% with high VOC of 0.984 V and high JSC of 18.03 mA cm−2 is obtained for the polymer solar cells based on J91/m‐ITIC with thermal annealing. The improved photovoltaic performance by thermal annealing is explained from the morphology change upon thermal annealing as revealed by photoinduced force microscopy. The results indicate that side chain engineering can provide a new solution to suppress carrier recombination toward high efficiency, thus deserves further attention.
Batch Fabrication of Metasurface Holograms Enabled by Plasmonic Cavity Lithography
Authors: Liu Liqin , Zhang Xiaohu , Zhao Zeyu , Pu Mingbo , Gao Ping , Luo Yunfei , Jin Jinjin , Wang Changtao , Luo Xiangang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMetasurface holograms consisting of nanostructures have shown great promise for various applications due to their unique capability of shaping light. Usually, they are fabricated by point‐by‐point scanning method, such as focused ion beam and electron beam lithography, which would greatly hamper their applications due to the high cost and low yield. In this work, plasmonic cavity lithography is proposed to fabricate metasurface holograms. The lithography system consists of Cr mask and plasmonic cavity that compose of 20 nm Ag/30 nm photoresist/50 nm Ag, where an air separation layer exists between them to avoid contamination and damage of mask patterns. The simulated results show that the cavity can effectively amplify the evanescent waves and modulate the electric field components on imaging plane, resulting in greatly improved resolution and fidelity compared to near field and superlens lithography. In experiments, the Au metaholograms are fabricated by the proposed lithography method and following etching processes. Furthermore, the designed holographic image of character “E” is successfully observed with the fabricated hologram. This approach is believed to open up a batch fabrication way for reproducing many copies of a metasurface hologram.
Risk factor for permanent stoma and incontinence quality of life after sphincter‐preserving surgery for low rectal cancer without a diverting stoma
Authors: Miura Takuya , Sakamoto Yoshiyuki , Morohashi Hajime , Yoshida Tatsuya , Sato Kentaro , Hakamada Kenichi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to evaluate permanent stoma formation and defecation function in long‐term follow up after surgery for low rectal cancer without a diverting stoma. Subjects were 275 patients who underwent sphincter‐preserving surgery for low rectal cancer between 2000 and 2012. Clinical outcomes were evaluated and defecation function was assessed based on a questionnaire survey, using Wexner and modified fecal incontinence quality of life (mFIQL) scores. Incidence of anastomotic leakage was 21.8%, and surgery‐related death as a result of anastomotic leakage occurred in one male patient. Median follow‐up period was 4.9 years and permanent stoma formation rate was 16.7%. Anastomotic leakage was an independent predictor of permanent stoma formation (odds ratio [OR] 5.86, P<0.001). Age <65 years (OR 1.99, P=0.001) and male gender (OR 4.36, P=0.026) were independent predictors of anastomotic leakage. A permanent stoma was formed as a result of poor healing of anastomotic leakage in 29.6% of males, but in no females. Defecation function was surveyed in 27 and 116 patients with and without anastomotic leakage, respectively. These groups had no significant differences in median follow‐up period (63.5 vs 63 months), Wexner scores (quartile) (6 (2.5‐9) vs 6 (3‐11)), and mFIQL scores (26.1 (4.8‐64.2) vs 23.8 (5.9‐60.7). Defecation function associated with anastomotic leakage showed no significant dependence on gender or resection procedure. Sphincter‐preserving surgery without a diverting stoma may be indicated for females with low rectal cancer. In this procedure, male gender is a risk factor for anastomotic leakage and subsequent formation of a permanent stoma in one in three patients.