bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trinitroglycerine-loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Attenuate Renal Ischemia- Reperfusion Injury by Modulating Oxidative Stress
Authors: Karimi Zeinab , Asadi Khatereh , Ghahramani Pooran , Gholami Ahmad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a common clinical factor for acute kidney injury (AKI). A current study investigated the renoprotective effects of the trinitroglycerine (TNG) combination with chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) on renal I/R-induced AKI.
Methods: Rats were randomly assigned to five groups (n=8/group): Sham, I/R, TNG (50 mg/kg) + I/R, CNPs (60 mg/kg) + I/R, and TNG-CNPs + I/R. Bilateral renal pedicles were occluded for 60 minutes to induce ischemia. TNG, CNPs, or TNG-CNPs were administered intraperitoneally 30 minutes before renal ischemia. After 24 hours of reperfusion, blood samples were collected, and both kidneys were removed. The left kidney was used for oxidative stress analysis. The right kidney was preserved in 10% formalin for histopathological examination via H&E staining.
Result: After renal I/R injury, plasma creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) significantly increased in rats. Total oxidative stress (TOS) levels were also significantly higher in the I/R group, whereas total antioxidative capacity (TAC) was reduced. Histopathological examination revealed damage in the kidneys of rats in the I/R group. Pretreatment with the TNG-CNP formulation before I/R increased plasma and tissue TAC levels in rats. It also corrected the renal histopathological changes and functional disorders induced by I/R injury, as evidenced by reduced Cr and BUN, increased GFR, and attenuated oxidative stress.
Conclusion: The results suggest that the TNG-CNP combination provides renoprotective effects against I/R-induced AKI by improving antioxidant status and minimizing renal injury.
Paradigm Shift: Outcomes from a Physician-Scientist Undergraduate Pipeline Program
Authors: Jones Alana C , McCaw Tyler R , Seay Randy L , Sims Brian , Lorenz Robin G 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Diverse medical and research teams are essential to culturally-responsive care and robust progress of biomedical research. However, structural inequities stymie the entry of trainees from underrepresented in medicine (URiM) backgrounds into the physician-scientist pipeline. The Preparation for Graduate and Medical Education (PARAdiGM) program was designed to provide students from underrepresented backgrounds early exposure to physician-scientist training in the context of ample mentorship and programmatic support. By emphasizing research experience, career exposure, presentation skills, mentorship, and application assistance, PARAdiGM is an incipient experience priming this student group to pursue careers in academic medicine. Since its establishment in 2014, PARAdiGM is already increasing entry of URiM students into the physician-scientist pipeline. Encouragingly, the majority of PARAdiGM alumni have matriculated into US medical schools, of which 16% are currently enrolled in MD-PhD programs. Early outcomes from PARAdiGM suggest that an immersive framework, longitudinal mentoring, and opportunity for self-growth should be incorporated into URiM pipeline programs on a larger scale. In these ways, helping students to envision themselves as members of the physician-scientist community is a step toward breaking down the barriers currently limiting URiM entry into academic medicine.
WITHDRAWN: Study on accumulation deformation characteristics of silty clay based on dynamic triaxial tests
Authors: Chen Guoqiang , Yang Wenjie , Pan Yuangui , Zheng Yuchao , Zhang Huijian , Shao Shiyou , Lu Feng , Yang Chuhan , Guo Leilei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Silty clay exhibits complex and significant deformation behavior under cyclic loading. This study systematically investigates the cumulative deformation characteristics of silty clay under varying moisture content, confining pressure, and cyclic stress ratio (CSR) using the GDS dynamic triaxial loading system. Through dynamic triaxial tests, the deformation patterns of silty clay under different conditions and the influencing factors were investigated. The results indicate that silty clay shows significant cumulative deformation characteristics under cyclic loading, where the rate of cumulative deformation decreases with increasing cycles until it eventually stabilizes. Moreover, moisture content, confining pressure, and CSR significantly impact the cumulative deformation of silty clay. Increases in moisture content, confining pressure, and CSR result in greater cumulative deformation. Specifically, a 50% increase in CSR results in a cumulative strain increment three times that caused by moisture content, whereas a 100% increase in moisture content yields a cumulative strain increment approximately four times greater than that caused by confining pressure. Additionally, after more than 1000 cycles, the cumulative deformation curve exhibits a distinct linear trend. This study offers essential experimental data and theoretical support for comprehending the cumulative deformation characteristics of silty clay under cyclic loading.
Misuse of dexamethasone for cosmetic purposes boosts hyperthyroidism and hepatotoxicity in albino rats
Authors: Ahmad Fatima Yousif , Abdrabo Abdelkarim Abobakr , Ahmed Omaima Ali Mohamed , Ahmed Samia Mahdi , Abdulbadie Ahmed , Eltahir Zakaria , Ismail Amar Mohamed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background. The use of dexamethasone (Dex) for cosmetic purposes, particularly for skin lighting, is widespread and is associated with a high incidence of skin cancer in several populations. Objective. This study aimed to investigate the misuse of dex for skin whitening, particularly its influence on thyroid, liver, and kidney function in female albino rats.
Methods. This study included 36 female albino rats weighing 140–162 g divided into two experiments of three groups each. Experiment 1: Group I received a placebo. Groups II and III were administered low and high doses of dex (8.3µg/kg/day and 24.9µg/kg/day) for 30 days. Experiment 2: Groups were treated with the same doses for 60 days. Thyroid function, liver enzyme activity, and renal function were measured using ELISA. Liver and kidney sections were fixed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).
Results. Groups treated with high and low doses of dex showed a significant increase in T3, T4, AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, creatinine, and urea levels than the control. In contrast, TSH levels were significantly decreased compared to those in the control (P <0.05). The kidney sections showed ghost glomeruli and partially necrotic tubular cells with chronic inflammation following both doses, and the liver revealed binucleated cells, infiltration, and focal necrotic cells compared with the control.
Conclusion.The misuse of dex for cosmetic purposes influences hyperthyroidism, hepatotoxicity, and renal impairment with dose- and duration-dependent.
Research on the Impact of Mutual Elderly Care on the Physical and Mental Health of Rural Elderly--An Empirical Study Based on the Propensity Score Matching Method (PSM)
Authors: LIU Jialiang , LIU xiaohan , LIU Guangyao , HU Bin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

To study the impact of mutual care on the physical and mental health of rural elderly, and provide countermeasures and suggestions for the long-term development of mutual care.
METHODS: Data from the 2018 China Health and Aged Care Tracking Survey (CHARLS) were selected from 8,369 elderly people aged ≥60 years old, and propensity score matching (PSM) was carried out using STATA (MP17) software using nearest-neighbor matching, kernel matching, and radius matching, and then heterogeneity was used to analyze the mean effect values among different populations.
RESULTS: The results of propensity score matching PSM showed that participation in mutual care had a significant positive effect on the mental health of the rural elderly, with a net effect of 0.020~0.027, and a significant negative effect on the physical health of the rural elderly, with a net effect of -0.029~-0.030. Heterogeneity analyses showed that participation in mutual care had no significant effect on the physical and mental health of the rural elderly who did not suffer from chronic diseases. Physical and mental health does not have a significant effect. The net effect is -0.06031 to -0.035, and the net effect is 0.029 to 0.030.
Conclusion: the rate of rural elderly people's participation in mutual aid is low, and participation in mutual aid has different degrees of influence on the physical and mental health of rural elderly people, and different characteristics of rural elderly people's participation in mutual aid have different degrees of influence on their physical and mental health.
Dynamic Mortality Prediction in Critically Ill Children during Inter-hospital Transports to PICUs Using Explainable AI
Authors: HUO ZHIQIANG , Booth John , Monks Thomas , Knight Philip , Watson Liam , Peters Mark , Pagel Christina , Ramnarayan Padmanabhan , Li Kezhi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Critically ill children who require inter-hospital transfers to Paediatric Intensive Care Units (PICUs) are sicker than other admissions and have higher mortality rates. Accurate identification of severely ill patients at risk of high mortality is crucial throughout the transport episode, with the potential to inform interventions and post-transport medical resource allocation. Current practice primarily relies on early clinical assessments within the initial hours of transport. Real-time mortality risk during transport is lacking due to the absence of data-driven assessment tools. Addressing this gap, our research introduces PROMPT (Patient-centred Real-time Outcome monitoring and Mortality PredicTion), an explainable end-to-end machine learning pipeline designed to forecast 30-day mortality in transported critically ill children. PROMPT integrates continuous time-series vital signs and medical records with episode-specific transport data to provide real-time mortality prediction. Our study collected data during inter-hospital transports of critically ill children between January 2016 and May 2021. The results demonstrated that with PROMPT, both the random forest model and logistic regression models achieved the best performance with AUROC 0.83 (95% CI: 0.79–0.86) and 0.81 (95% CI: 0.76-0.85), respectively. Employing SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for its interpretation, the model not only explains individual risk factors for outcome, but also visualises dynamic risk assessment throughout the transport episode. In conclusion, the proposed model has demonstrated proof-of-principle in predicting mortality risk in transported children and providing individual-level model interpretability during inter-hospital transports.
The concurrent docking of diphenoquinone and cholesterol to the human ATP-binding cassette A1
Authors: Tsujita Maki , de Silva Leticia Alves , Nakasuka Kosuke , Yamamoto Junki , Ford Robert C , Stockner Thomas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aim: Spiroquinone (SQ) and 3,3',5,5'-tetra-tert-butyldiphenoquinone (DQ), metabolites of the probucol, promote ABCA1-mediated HDL neogenesis. To further investigate the detailed mechanism, we analyzed the docking pose of these drugs to ABCA1 using GOLD (Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking) software, an in silico structural analysis application. Then, docking ability of cholesterol to the drug-ABCA1 complex were investigated.
Methods: The ligand-bound ABCG2 (PDB:6ETI) was used for ligand redocking to select the optimal scoring function of GOLD. Next, human ABCA1 (PDB:5XJY) was used and the docking poses of probucol, SQ, DQ, and MDL-29311 were examined using the selected scoring function. Furthermore, binding poses of cholesterol and POPC to the drug-docked ABCA1 complex were evaluated.
Results: The ChemScore function was the most accurate predictor of the original docking site of the ligand to ABCG2. Using this function to predict the docking calculations for ABCA1, optimal docking poses was obtained at the transmembrane region. Furthermore, docking poses for cholesterol were predicted into ABCA1 bound to DQ and to MDL-29311(fitness score; 41.42 and 41.61, respectively) while no docking poses in probucol- or SQ-bound ABCA1 were obtained.
Discussion:We reported that DQ, an accelerator of the preb-HDL generation, stabilizes ABCA1 and sustains HDL neogenesis(1). In the current study, in addition to DQ docking pose, docking sites of cholesterol and POPC were observed in ABCA1 in silico. Furthermore, probucol, which inhibits ABCA1-mediated preb-HDL neogenesis, showed no additional docking sites for cholesterol or POPC.
Conclusion: These results are the first to elucidate the at atomic level of the mechanism in lipid transport action of probucol and its metabolite, DQ, on ABCA1. Future clinical applications of DQ for targeting the increased plasma HDL and regression of atherosclerotic plaques are expected.
Medium-Scale Expensive Optimization Framework with Weighted Committee- Based Surrogate-Assisted Differential Evolution: Application to Enhanced Geothermal Systems
Authors: Ren Xiaoqing , Wang Hongliang , Hu Hanyu , Wang Jian , Ablameyko Sergey V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Real-world optimization challenges frequently involve computationally expensive evaluations, necessitating efficient optimization strategies. To address the demands of medium-scale expensive optimization problems, this research introduces and explores a novel Weighted Committee-Based Surrogate-Assisted Differential Evolution Framework (WCBDEF). This framework innovatively combines principles from active learning and ensemble learning, iteratively interrogating the most ambiguous and high-fidelity solutions to ensure judicious allocation of evaluation resources. WCBDEF employs a dual sampling criterion, with offline optimization dedicated to exploration and online optimization focused on exploitation. Benchmarking against state-of-the-art surrogate algorithms across six test functions reveals that WCBDEF demonstrates a clear advantage in performance, confirming its efficacy in tackling the challenges of expensive optimization. Moreover, its application in optimizing operational parameters for two Enhanced Geothermal Systems (EGS) models has resulted in a significant reduction in the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE), surpassing existing algorithmic solutions. The results demonstrate that WCBDEF significantly outperforms existing methods, exhibiting superior performance over single surrogate-assisted evolutionary algorithms (SAEAs) on real-world problems, thereby showcasing its exceptional potential for solving expensive optimization problems.
Development of improved technologies for protecting fish from infections in aquaculture
Authors: Dong Xiangli , Shilin M. B. , Leonteva E. O. 
Published: September 2024

The current intensification of marine aquaculture is inevitably associated with such environmental issues as growing infections and the need to apply antibiotic and other antimicrobial preparations. This leads to antibiotic pollution in the environment. Latest technologies aimed at preventing fish infections in aquaculture are based on the vaccination of the objects under cultivation. These technologies allow the use of antibiotics to be reduced and the balance of the microbial environment in aquaculture to be restored, eventually minimizing the negative effects of antibiotic residues on the human health. In this work, we set out to study molecular mechanisms underlying the immune response of fish to viral infections. Data on the expression of some genes of the most important aquaculture objects in Russia and China in response to infection and during its progression was obtained. The research results can be used when developing vaccines against vibriosis with the purpose of minimizing the application of medical preparations, such as antibiotics. These measures are important for maintaining healthy fish habitats and, as a consequence, the human health.
Development of tourism in the mining areas of Scandinavia and Murmansk region
Authors: Huber M. , Iakovleva O. A. , Zhigunova G. V. 
Published: September 2024

In this article, we set out to assess opportunities for the development of tourism in mining regions in the Scandinavian and Kola Peninsulas, as well as to identify threats arising from these activities in comparison with known examples. It is assumed that the Arctic zone can become a promising place for the development of tourism and urbanization in the future.
Assessment of water quality in the Great Zab River (Erbil city, Iraq) exposed to wastewater from different industries using the WQI and GIS-based Python script approaches
Authors: Dilekoğlu Mehmet Fatih , Abdulhaq Harem Ali , Hussein Masoud Hamad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to assess the water quality of the Great Zab River (GZR) under potential pollutant pressure from some industries. The Water Quality Index (WQI) was used to evaluate the results of the water quality monitoring study. WQI and Geographical Information System (GIS)-based Python scripts were used to evaluate the results. Results indicate varying water qualities, ranging from moderate to poor, with fluctuations attributed to pollution from industrial plants mixing with river water. The WQI rating of the GZR before industrial discharges was 57.48, and in the lower part, after discharges, the WQI rating was 56.00, indicating marginal water quality. In contrast, the areas near the Cola Factory, where the river confluence occurs, have WQI values of 43.32 and 44.97, representing unacceptable, poor water quality. The study highlights that the refinery, Cola factory, and power plant locations significantly impact the river's water quality. These findings underscore the urgent need to adopt ecological practices, establish environmental regulations, and implement sustainable technologies to preserve the river's natural state. Concise measures aimed at eliminating pollutant sources and enhancing environmental awareness within communities are essential for the conservation of the GZR and the the protection of its surrounding ecosystems. surrounding ecosystems.
The Benefits of Using Active Remote Patient Management for Enhanced Heart Failure Outcomes in Rural Cardiology Practice: Single-Site Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Craig William , Ohlmann Suzanne 
Published: September 2024

Background
Rural populations have a disproportionate burden of heart failure (HF) morbidity and mortality, associated with socioeconomic and racial inequities. Multiple randomized controlled trials of remote patient monitoring (RPM) using both direct patient contact and device-based monitoring have been conducted to assess improvement in HF outcomes, with mixed results.

Objective
We aimed to assess whether a novel digital health care platform designed to proactively assess and manage patients with HF improved patient outcomes by preventing HF re-exacerbations, thus reducing emergency room visits and HF hospitalizations.

Methods
This was a single-site, retrospective cohort study using electronic medical record (EMR) data gathered from 2 years prior to RPM initiation and 2 years afterward. In January 2017, this single center began enrolling New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II and class III patients with HF prone to HF exacerbation into an RPM program using the Cordella HF system. By July 2022, 93 total patients had been enrolled in RPM. Of these patients, 87% lived in rural areas. This retrospective review included 40 of the 93 patients enrolled in RPM. These 40 were selected because they had 2 years of established EMR data prior to initiation of RPM and 2 years of post-RPM data; each consented to this Sterling IRB–approved study.

Results
We included 40 patients with at least 4 years of follow-up, including 2 years prior to RPM initiation and 2 years after RPM initiation. In the 2 years after RPM initiation, check-up calls increased 519%, medication change calls increased 519%, and total calls increased by 519%. Emergency room visits for HF fell 93%, heart failure hospitalizations fell 83%, and all other cardiovascular hospitalizations fell 50%. Additionally, the total number of office visits declined by 15% after RPM, and unscheduled or urgent office visits declined by 73%.

Conclusions
Daily monitoring of trends in vital sign data between engaged patients and a collaborative team of clinicians, incorporated into daily clinical workflow, enhanced patient interactions and allowed timely response or intervention when HF decompensation occurred, resulting in a reduction of outpatient and inpatient clinical use over more than 2 years of follow-up.
Current Evidence of the Application of Music in Tai Chi Exercise: Scoping Review
Authors: Du Yan , Wei Gao-Xia , He Yichao , Ning Hongting , Roberts Penny , Golob Edward , Yin Zenong 
Published: September 2024

Background
Music has frequently been used in movement exercises to enhance health benefits. However, scientific evidence regarding the application of music to Tai Chi practice is limited.

Objective
This scoping review aims to understand how music has been used in Tai Chi practice and whether music could be applied to Tai Chi practice to help optimize its benefits.

Methods
PubMed, CINAHL, CNKI, and Weipu databases were searched. We included studies that compare Tai Chi practice experience or health outcomes between individuals practicing Tai Chi with music and those practicing Tai Chi without music. Studies published through September 2022 were identified. Two researchers (YD and YH) independently performed study selection and data extraction. Thematic analysis was used to summarize and categorize the findings of the included studies.

Results
Seven studies were included in this review. All 7 included studies are experimental studies. Practicing Tai Chi with music might lead to positive perceptions of Tai Chi practice (eg, motivation, concentration, enjoyment, compliance, and performance) and higher evaluations of Tai Chi instructional quality, especially for Tai Chi beginners. The effects of incorporating music into Tai Chi practice on health outcomes are inconclusive due to the heterogeneities of the sample size, and the intervention components, lengths, and frequencies of the included studies.

Conclusions
Applying music to Tai Chi practice may result in positive Tai Chi practice experience and adherence, particularly for beginners, which could help improve the dissemination and implementation of Tai Chi interventions for public health. However, whether applying music to Tai Chi practice leads to synergetic effects on health outcomes needs further investigation.