bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glycerol and Methanol Electro‐oxidation at Pt/C‐ITO under Alkaline Condition
Authors: Ottoni Cristiane Angélica , Ramos Carlos Eduardo Domingues , Gomes da Silva Sirlane , Spinacé Estevan Vitorio , Brambilla de Souza Rodrigo Fernando , Neto Almir Oliveira 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA physical mixture composed by carbon Vulcan XC 72 and indium tin oxide (ITO) with different ratios (85 : 15; 50 : 50; 85 : 15) was used as support for platinum nanoparticles synthesis by borohydride reduction method. The characterization of this electrocatalyst was performed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical techniques cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry and performance test on direct alkaline glycerol/methanol fuel cell (DGFC/DMFC). According to TEM micrographs, Pt/C‐ITO nanoparticles analysis revealed the presence of large agglomerations of particles. Moreover, it was possible to observe Pt deposition on ITO and also in the carbon surface. The electrochemical studies showed that Pt/C‐ITO (85 : 15) had superior performance for glycerol electro‐oxidation, whereas Pt/C‐ITO (15 : 85) was the most promising in the methanol oxidation. A comparative study using direct alkaline fuel cells revealed Pt‐C‐ITO (15 : 85) electrocatalyst to be the best material for glycerol and methanol oxidation, specifically when being at open circuit potential about 0.95 V, maximum power density of 16 mW cm−2 for glycerol and circuit potential 0.95 V, and maximum power density of approximately 20 mW cm−2 for methanol.
Non‐enzymatic Amperometric Glucose Sensor Based on Copper Nanowires Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Ju Lele , Wu Guosong , Lu Biao , Li Xiaoyun , Wu Huaping , Liu Aiping 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA nanocomposite consisting of one‐dimensional copper nanowires and two‐dimensional reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (CuNWs/rGO) was synthesized by a simple one‐step wet‐chemical synthetic process. The Cu NWs anchored onto the rGO nanosheets with wrinkles and folds had a smooth surface. The CuNWs/rGO hybrids exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity toward glucose oxidation due to the superior conductivity along one‐dimensional direction and excellent catalytic activity of Cu NWs and rapid electron transfer in the two‐dimensional rGO sheets. A wide linear range up to 11 mM, high sensitivity (1625 µA/(mM ⋅ cm2)), low detection limit (0.2 µM) and fast response (<2 s) to glucose oxidation were obtained under a working potential of 0.58 V for the hybrid with optimized Cu/rGO mass ratio in the alkaline solution. Furthermore, the CuNWs/rGO composites displayed high selectivity to glucose and resistance against poisoning by commonly interfering species such as ascorbic acid, dopamine, uric acid, acetamidophenol and some carbohydrates. The CuNWs/rGO hybrids with good reproducibility, stability and poisoning resistance to chloride ions were therefore promising for the potential application as non‐enzymatic amperometric glucose sensors with improved electrochemical performances.
Electrochemical Behaviour of Nitrobenzene, Nitrosobenzene, Azobenzene, and Azoxybenzene on Hg, Pt, Cu, and Ni Electrodes in Aprotic Medium
Authors: Huang Youqin , Lessard Jean 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe electrochemical behaviour of nitrobenzene and other members of the nitrobenzene family (nitrosobenzene, azoxybenzene, azobenzene) has been investigated in DMF/TEAP by cyclic voltammetry, polarography, and controlled potential electrolysis at mercury, platinum, copper, and nickel cathodes. At the four electrodes, nitrobenzene and the other members of the family are reduced to aniline via hydrazobenzene upon exhaustive electrolysis at −2.35 V vs. Ag/AgNO3 (0,05 M). The electrochemical reversibility of the nitrobenzene/nitrobenzene radical anion and of the azoxybenzene/azoxybenzene radical anion couples is decreased by the presence of oxides at the surface of copper and nickel. The presence of oxides has little influence on the reversibility of the nitrosobenzene/nitrosobenzene radical anion and azobenzene/azobenzene radical anion couples.
Electrogeneration of O2.− and H2O2 Using Polymer‐modified Microelectrodes in the Environment of Living Cells
Authors: Dongmo Saustin , Leyk Janina , Dosche Carsten , Richter‐Landsberg Christiane , Wollenberger Ulla , Wittstock Gunther 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMicroelectrodes modified with electropolymerized plumbagin (PLG) were used for the generation of superoxide radical (O2.−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in an aqueous medium, specifically in serum‐free cell culture media. This is enabled by the specific design of a polymer film on the microelectrode. The generation and diffusion of O2.− during electrocatalytic ORR at a positionable PLG polymer‐modified microelectrode was followed by fluorescence microscopy with the selective dye 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobenzo‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazole (NBD‐Cl) and by amperometric detection using a cytochrome c‐modified electrode at +0.13 V. H2O2 production, either by direct oxygen reduction or as product of O2.− disproportionation, was monitored by the reaction with Amplex UltraRed. The PLG polymer‐modified microelectrodes were used to expose mammalian B6‐RPE07 retinal cells to defined local fluxes of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cellular responses and morphological alterations were observed. The use of a controllable source of ROS opens many possibilities to study how living cells respond to the presence of a certain flux of specific ROS.
The care needs and experiences with the use of services of people with young‐onset dementia and their caregivers: a systematic review
Authors: Millenaar Joany K. , Bakker Christian , Koopmans Raymond T. C. M. , Verhey Frans R. J. , Kurz Alexander , de Vugt Marjolein E. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveIn this review, the care needs and experiences with the use of available services of individuals with young‐onset dementia (YOD) and their caregivers were investigated. This knowledge is an important prerequisite for the development of appropriate interventions and personalized care to address their specific needs and problems.DesignA systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Psycinfo and Cinahl. A quality checklist for observational and qualitative studies was used to appraise the methodological quality of the studies.ResultsTwenty‐seven studies were included, and a synthesis of the literature revealed six themes. The first theme concerned problems in the diagnostic period. Early recognition and referral was reported as an essential area that required improvement in order to obtain appropriate help in time. The second theme discussed the need for information about YOD and the availability of care throughout the caregiving trajectory. The third theme described barriers in access to care that hindered caregivers in finding the right services. The fourth theme showed the availability of appropriate services and specific unmet needs. The fifth theme illustrated that behavioural and personality changes pose a significant challenge for caregivers and other family members. The last theme showed the profound impact of YOD on caregivers.ConclusionsThe literature indicates that people with YOD and their caregivers face a wide range of difficulties during the disease process. The reviewed studies provide an important foundation for knowledge and awareness about the specific care needs and experiences of people with YOD and their caregivers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of surgical intervention on circulating tumor cells in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck using a negative enrichment technology
Authors: Jatana Kris R. , Balasubramanian Priya , McMullen Kyle P. , Lang Jas C. , Teknos Theodoros N. , Chalmers Jeffrey J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of surgical intervention on detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN.)MethodsWe utilized a negative depletion technique to identify cytokeratin (CK)‐positive CTCs. The numbers of CTCs immediately before and after surgical resection were compared.ResultsSeventy‐six blood samples from 38 patients with SCCHN were examined. Seventy‐nine percent of the patients had CTCs detected before and after surgery. A total of 7.89% had no CTCs before surgery, yet had CTCs identified after surgery. Overall, 60.5% of patients had an increased number of CTCs/mL after surgery with a mean increase of 6.63‐fold. A statistically significant increase in CTCs was seen after surgery (p = .02).ConclusionThe timing of sample collection in patients with SCCHN who have surgical intervention can potentially impact the number of CTCs identified. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: 1799–1803, 2016
Bioguided Isolation and Antiproliferative Activity of Constituents fromSmilax korthalsiiA.D.C. Leaves
Authors: Hamid Abdulmumeen A. , Aiyelaagbe Olapeju O. , Negi Arvind S. , Luqman Suaib , Kaneez Fatima 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEthyl acetate extract ofSmilax korthalsiiA.D.C. leaves exhibited antiproliferative activity on leukaemia carcinoma K562, hepatic liver cancer cells WRL and colorectal carcinoma with IC50of 125.20, 46.10 and 160.00 μM respectively. Isolation of the bioactive ethyl acetate extract ofSmilax korthalsiiA.D.C. leaves gave eight compounds; 3β‐hydroxyspirost‐5‐ene (diosgenin),1, β‐sitosterol,2, lup‐5,11,20‐trien‐23‐ol,3, uneicos‐9‐enoic acid,4, ethylheptadecan‐17‐oic‐9‐enoate,5, cis‐octadec‐9‐enoic acid,6, hexadec9‐enoic acid,7and 11‐methyltridec‐12‐en‐1‐ol,8. The isolated compounds were tested against four human cancer cell lines: leukaemia carcinoma, K‐562; hepatic liver cancer cells, WRL; colorectal carcinoma, COLO; and breast carcinoma, MCF‐7 using the MTT assay. Diosgenin1exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against all four cell lines (IC50; K562=6.25, WRL=14.34, COLO=38.00, MCF‐7=12.40 μM), while compounds3, 6and7inhibited the growth of K‐562 at 20, 50 and 100 μM concentrations with IC50of 90.20, 75.92 and 50.72 μM respectively. Other isolated compounds also showed cytotoxic properties against K‐562, WRL and COLO, but showed low inhibition of MCF‐7.
Will (CH3)2COO Survive in Humid Conditions?
Authors: Lin Liang‐Chun , Takahashi Kaito 
Published: June 2016

AbstractCriegee intermediates (CIs) are thought to be important oxidizing agents in the atmosphere; whereas in high humidity conditions, some CIs are quenched by water vapor, while some are immune from it. CIs’ reactivity toward water vapor is strongly dependent on the substituents of the CIs. It was reported previously that syn‐substituted CIs are less reactive toward water vapor than anti‐substituted ones, and this characteristic allows syn‐substituted CIs to survive in high humidity and react with other atmospheric trace gases, for example, SOx, NOx. In this paper, we calculated the rate coefficients of (CH3)2COO+(H2O)n,n=1,2 and compared them with those of syn‐CH3CHOO+(H2O)n,n=1,2 reported in our previous work. We discussed the substituent effect of CIs and the competition between SO2 and water vapor reaction at atmospheric conditions. In addition, we also discussed the tunneling correction with four different methods on these water mediated hydrogen transfer reactions. We calculated the rate coefficients with anharmonic correction for the partition function, with energetic values from our ratio extrapolation strategy, and with tunneling correction by small curvature approximation. At 298K the calculated bimolecular rate coefficients of (CH3)2COO+(H2O)2 and (CH3)2COO+H2O are 7.4×10−15 and 2.3×10−18 cm3sec−1, which are slow enough that (CH3)2COO can survive in high humidity condition, allowing it to possibly play an important role to oxidize SO2.
Interdecadal changes in the links between Mediterranean evaporation and regional atmospheric dynamics during extended cold season
Authors: Zveryaev Igor I. , Hannachi Abdel B. A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMonthly evaporation data for 1958–2010 from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution dataset are used to investigate interdecadal changes in interannual variability of Mediterranean evaporation and its links to regional climate. Analysis performed for the two climate periods characterized by the downward (1958–1978) and upward (1979–2010) trends of evaporation revealed significant season‐dependent interdecadal changes in its interannual variability. The largest changes in interannual variability have been revealed during autumn when the leading empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs) are characterized by a zonal dipole pattern (except in November 1979–2010). During winter and spring, the EOF‐1 and EOF‐2 are characterized, respectively, by a monopole pattern and a zonal dipole and are associated with the East Atlantic (EA) and the East Atlantic–West Russia (EAWR) teleconnections. It is shown that interdecadal changes in interannual variability of Mediterranean evaporation during cold season were determined by the EA transition from the strongly negative to more neutral phase that occurred in late 1970s. Seasonally dependent changes in the structure of the leading evaporation EOFs reflect changing roles of the EA and EAWR which impact near surface air temperature, specific humidity and wind.
To Be Bored or Not To Be Bored—How Task‐Related Boredom Influences Creative Performance
Authors: Haager Julia S. , Kuhbandner Christof , Pekrun Reinhard 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn the current society, boredom has a bad reputation. Among others, one reason is that boredom is a negative predictor for cognitive performance due to the detrimental effects on attention and engagement. Recently, however, the negative reputation has been challenged by studies showing that boredom seems to promote creativity. However, those studies examined the influence of incidental boredom on apparently unrelated creativity tasks, leaving it open to question what happens when the individual gets bored by the task itself. To examine this issue, participants performed six blocks of a creativity task, and we measured creativity performance and experienced boredom across blocks. Results showed that boredom increased in parallel with fluency performance. However, more detailed analyses showed that the fluency increase was not brought about by the increase in boredom but was fully accounted for by the effect of increased task practice. When controlling for practice effects, results revealed that boredom actually impaired fluency. Such a finding supports the view that boredom has a negative impact on cognitive performance and underlines the necessity for changes in educational settings to prevent boredom.
Linking Disjoint Supermatrices and Criteria Clusters
Authors: Orrin Cooper , Guoqing Liu 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAn axiom of the Analytic Network Process (ANP) requires the elements being considered to be strongly connected in order to obtain a meaningful priority vector. A simple example demonstrates the issues that can arise when a decision contains disjoint clusters within the Supermatrix. From the example it can be observed that the necessary information to complete additional linking pin comparisons would have already been collected; and by performing linking pin comparisons a decision maker can convert a disjoint Supermatrix into a strongly connected Supermatrix. The linking process is summarized in five steps and provided in the general form. This linking comparison methodology exploits the fundamental advantages of pairwise comparisons and can also be used to weight the criteria clusters within a decision network. Linking pin comparisons performed at the level of a criterion of a single alternative with respect to another criterion of that same alternative can be used to obtain the criteria cluster weights. Linking pin comparisons at this level can reduce the decision maker's cognitive burden in comparison to totality comparisons. The ability to strongly connect an otherwise disjoint Supermatrix and reduce the decision maker's cognitive burden demonstrates the usefulness of linking pin comparisons in ANP decision models. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Systematic Review of Treatment Outcome in Patients with Dopa‐responsive Dystonia (DRD) and DRD‐Plus
Authors: Kim Ryul , Jeon Beomseok , Lee Woong‐Woo 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundDopa‐responsive dystonia (DRD) and DRD‐plus are inherited metabolic disorders of the dopamine synthetic pathway that have considerable clinical, biochemical, and genetic heterogeneity. Dopamine is the main deficient neurotransmitter; however, a deficiency in norepinephrine and serotonin can coexist, depending on the gene and its degree of defect. Therefore, even though levodopa is the mainstay of therapy, response to levodopa can be suboptimal and, thus, other drugs are tried.Methods and ResultsThe authors searched for reports of DRD and DRD‐plus and reviewed the drugs used, their response and side effects, and neurologic outcomes, including motor and cognition. Based on the current results, a recommended treatment plan is presented according to the type of enzyme defect in patients with DRD and DRD‐plus.ConclusionsIt is important to recognize the features of DRD and DRD‐plus, because many of them have a good clinical response to the appropriate treatment. The aim of this review is to help guide clinicians with planning treatment for patients with DRD and DRD‐plus.
Activity and topographic changes in the somatosensory system in embouchure dystonia
Authors: Mantel Tobias , Dresel Christian , Altenmüller Eckart , Zimmer Claus , Noe Jonas , Haslinger Bernhard 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundEmbouchure dystonia is a highly disabling focal task‐specific dystonia affecting professional brass players.ObjectiveThis study was designed to analyze activity changes along with topographic representations in primary and nonprimary centers for somatosensory processing in patients with embouchure dystonia.MethodsWe used event‐related functional magnetic resonance imaging with automized tactile stimulation of dystonic (upper lip) and nondystonic (forehead and dorsal hand) body regions in 15 professional brass players with and without embouchure dystonia. Statistical analyses included whole‐brain between‐group comparisons of stimulation‐induced activation and region‐of‐interest‐based single patient analyses of topographic activation characteristics.ResultsAffected musicians revealed increased stimulation‐induced activity in contralateral primary and bilateral secondary somatosensory representations of dystonic and nondystonic body regions as well as in the cerebellum ipsilateral to the left dystonic upper lip. Changes of somatotopic organization with altered intracortical distances and between‐group differences of the centers of representations were found in the right primary and the bilateral secondary somatosensory cortex and in the left cerebellum. Positional variability of dystonic and nondystonic body regions was reduced with an emphasis on face representations.ConclusionsThe present findings are supportive of the concept of an abnormal processing of somatosensory information in embouchure dystonia affecting multiple domains. The underlying neurophysiological mechanisms (eg, changes in inhibition, maladaptive plasticity, changes in baseline activity) remain unclear. The involvement of nondystonic body areas can be viewed in the context of possible compensation or an endophenotypic predisposition. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Facial‐nerve regeneration ability of a hybrid artificial nerve conduit containing uncultured adipose‐derived stromal vascular fraction: An experimental study
Authors: Matsumine Hajime , Numakura Kazuyuki , Climov Mihail , Watanabe Yorikatsu , Giatsidis Giorgio , Orgill Dennis P. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThis study investigated the potential of uncultured‐stromal‐vascular‐fraction (SVF) cells in promoting facial nerve regeneration in a rat model.Materials and MethodsA 7‐mm nerve defect was created in the buccal branch of facial nerve in five groups of Lewis rats (total n = 30, n = 6 per group). A silicone tube, infused with syngeneic uncultured‐SVF was implanted into the facial nerve defect. Groups 1–3 received 1 × 103, 1 × 105, and 1 × 107 cells, and regenerated nerves were examined at 13 weeks after the surgery. The findings were compared to the autograft and collagen‐alone groups with facial palsy score (FPS), the number of myelinated fibers, fiber diameter, axon diameter, myelin thickness, and g ratio.ResultsThere was no significant difference in FPS between the autograft and 1 × 105‐cell groups at 13 weeks after surgery, and FPS values of these two groups were significantly higher than those of the other three groups (P < 0.01). Axon diameter significantly increased in the 1 × 105‐cell group compared with the 1 × 103‐ (P < 0.05) and 1 × 107‐cell groups (P < 0.01). Myelin thickness was found to be the highest in the autograft group, followed by the 1 × 105‐, 1 × 103‐, 1 × 107‐cell, and negative control groups, and there were significant differences among all groups (P < 0.01).ConclusionThe infusion of uncultured‐SVF into the artificial nerve conduit promoted optimal nerve regeneration that was significantly better than nerve conduit alone. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:808–818, 2017.
Contribution of iron and protein contents from rat brain subcellular fractions to MR phase imaging
Authors: Leutritz T. , Hilfert L. , Busse U. , Smalla K.‐H. , Speck O. , Zhong K. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeInvestigation of magnetic susceptibility and chemical exchange as sources of MRI phase contrast between gray and white matter resulting from protein and iron content from subcellular fractions.MethodsThis study analyzes the iron and macromolecule content of different subcellular fractions from rat brain and their relation to the water‐resonance frequency by NMR spectroscopy. Additionally, the contributions of susceptibility and exchange were determined with different NMR reference substances.ResultsOnly weak correlations between iron (r = 0.4318, P = 0.76) or protein content (r = 0.4704, P = 0.70) and frequency shift were observed. After membrane depletion, the correlation for iron increased to r = −0.9006 (P = 0.0009), whereas the shift relative to protein content increased much less (r = −0.4982, P = 0.64). Exchange‐driven frequency shifts were 1.283 ppb/(mg/ml) for myelin and 0.775 ppb/(mg/ml) for synaptosomes; susceptibility‐driven shifts were −1.209 ppb/(mg/ml) for myelin and −0.368 ppb/(mg/ml) for synaptosomes. The ratios between susceptibility and exchange differ significantly from simple protein solutions.ConclusionsAs a result of counteracting susceptibility and exchange and increased relative shifts in membrane‐depleted fractions, we conclude that tissue microstructure accounts more for the in vivo phase contrast than in the situation of homogenized tissue. Thus, membranes may generate much of the in vivo MR phase contrast resulting from anisotropy. Magn Reson Med 77:2028–2039, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine