bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Maintenance pemetrexed in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma: Outcome analysis from a tertiary care center
Authors: Pandey Avinash Vijaykumar , Phillip Deepa Susan , Noronha Vanita , Joshi Amit , Janu Amit , Jambekar Nirmala , Kaushal Rajesh , Mahajan Abhishek , Prabhash Kumar 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background: Maintenance pemetrexed is a standard treatment option for selected non squamous nonsmall cell lung carcinoma patients having a response to platin based doublet. We conducted a clinical audit of such selected patients and report the outcome among the Indian population. Aim: To evaluate the outcomes with maintenance pemetrexed in the patients with locally advanced and metastatic adenocarcinoma lung. Objectives: To calculate the progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and factors affecting the outcome. Materials and Methods: Data of patients with locally advanced and metastatic adenocarcinoma lung were retrieved from prospectively maintained lung cancer database registered between June 2011 and March 2014. The patients who achieved partial response (n = 87) or stable disease (n = 101) after 6 cycles of pemetrexed platin based doublet and received the maintenance pemetrexed were selected for final analysis (n = 188). Kaplan-Meir survival analysis was used for PFS and OS. Log rank test was used to evaluate the factors affecting the outcome. Results: Median follow-up is 14 months. The median number of maintenance pemetrexed cycles received is 6 (1-38). Common reason for the discontinuation are disease progression (n = 127), renal toxicity (n = 4), and social/financial (n = 7). Median PFS and OS are 8 months and 20 months, respectively. The patients with baseline pleural effusion had better PFS (9 months vs. 7 months, P = 0.02) and OS (26 months vs. 18 months, P = 0.05). The patients receiving more than 6 cycles of maintenance had improved PFS (12 vs. 7 months, P = 0.002) and OS (26 vs. 16 months, P = 0.05). Conclusion: Maintenance pemetrexed is feasible and well tolerated by the majority of Indian patients who achieved the response after platin based doublet. The patients with baseline pleural effusion benefit more with maintenance pemetrexed.
Early Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) Oncogenic Influences in Breast Cancer
Authors: Ngan Christopher , Lawson James S. , Clay Rosemary , Delprado Warick , Whitaker Noel J. , Glenn Wendy K. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundHuman papilloma viruses (HPVs) may act early in breast oncogenesis (“hit-and-run” phenomena).MethodsThe authors used immunohistochemistry for the identification of HPV E7 oncogenic protein expression in 32 sets of benign and subsequent breast cancer specimens from the same Australian patients.ResultsHPV E7 oncoprotein was clearly expressed in the nuclei of 23 (72%) of the 32 benign specimens and 20 (62.5%) of the subsequent 32 breast cancer specimens in the same patients. There was no HPV E7 protein expression in seven (30%) of the 23 breast cancer specimens that had prior HPV E7 protein-positive benign breast biopsies in the same patients.ConclusionsThis observation suggests that HPV oncogenic influences occur early in some breast cancers. This finding confirms the previous observations. This early influence of HPVs may be the reason why there is no increase in the prevalence of HPV-associated breast cancer in immunocompromised patients as compared to HPV-associated cervical cancer.
Agents zoonotiques vectorisés étudiés à l’Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection
Authors: Laroche Maureen , Alméras Lionel , Bérenger Jean-Michel , Raoult Didier , Parola Philippe 
Published: December 2015

L’entomologie médicale est l’étude des arthropodes vecteurs d’agents pathogènes responsables de maladies humaines, dont de nombreuses zoonoses émergentes ces dernières années. Nous présentons ici quelques axes de recherche développés par l’équipe d’Entomologie Médicale de l’Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Méditerranée Infection, illustrés par des études récentes ou emblématiques : l’innovation technologique pour identifier les arthropodes, l’utilisation des arthropodes comme outil épidémiologique ou diagnostique, les enquêtes autour de cas cliniques et les modèles expérimentaux pour comprendre les interactions entre les arthropodes, l’homme et les microorganismes.
Résumé
Solidarity Forever: The Historical Background of John Steinbeck's In Dubious Battle
Authors: Dawson Jon Falsarella 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article examines the strikes that provided the basis for In Dubious Battle. Building on the work of Jackson J. Benson and Anne Loftis, I analyze how Steinbeck utilized episodes from the Tagus Ranch peach strike in August of 1933 and a cotton strike throughout the San Joaquin Valley that October. Through the use of periodical accounts, I examine how Steinbeck deviated from the particulars of these labor disputes to clarify the central themes of the novel. Further, the article brings these events to bear on the representation of Mac and Jim Nolan, whose motives and methods have been the subjects of significant critical scrutiny. While Steinbeck does not necessarily present these characters in a favorable manner, In Dubious Battle indicates that the primary responsibility for human suffering rests on the growers since they preside over an economic framework that limits the opportunities available to the working class.
“A room of experience into which I cannot enter”: John Steinbeck on Race
Authors: Lynn Shane 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In her seminal study on intellectuals and the civil rights struggle, Carol Polsgrove castigated “white intellectuals, in the North and South” for their reticence. After Brown v. Board of Education “opened the door to change,” she argues, America's leading intellectuals simply “milled about outside the door, debating amongst themselves how fast America ought to go through it.” Yet what of John Steinbeck? How did the compassionate advocate of social justice in the thirties respond to the racial upheaval of the fifties and sixties, a time when his winning of the Nobel Prize in Literature made him once more a highly visible public intellectual? This paper applies a historical perspective in examining Steinbeck's contributions (or lack thereof) to America's race issue, with a particular emphasis on his nonfiction and personal correspondence. It is argued that Steinbeck was typically uncomfortable airing his support for the civil rights movement and deliberately avoided presenting himself as a spokesman on the issue. While in his fiction he tended to indulge in stereotyping, he did so with no perceptible intent to denigrate his nonwhite characters. His preoccupation, even when addressing the race issue directly, was always with the danger of moral decline in American society at large. Steinbeck's African American was presented as a dignified and courageous foil to the materialistic white American, who was “trapped and entangled” in avaricious individualism.
Local tumour ablation for localized kidney cancer: Practice patterns in Canada
Authors: Trudeau Vincent , Larcher Alessandro , Dell'Oglio Paolo , Boehm Katharina , Bishr Mohamed , Karakiewicz Pierre I 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Local tumor ablation (LTA) is a recommended option for the treatment of localized kidney cancer in nonsurgical candidates. We performed a survey to describe the practice patterns of this procedure in Canada.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An electronic survey was sent by email to all urologists registered to the Canadian Urological Association (CUA). Urologists were queried about general demographic information, LTA availability at their institution (and reasons of non-availability, if it was the case) as well as the type and context of LTA use. </p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 103 individual responses were obtained (response rate of 19.5%). Of those, 58 (56.3%) had access to LTA at their institution. Urologists who had access to LTA were more likely to work at an academic institution (69 vs. 16%, p&lt;0.001). Among individuals who did not use LTA, the main reasons were the lack of staff, such as radiologists, who can assist and/or perform the procedure (64%); and the lack of expertise with the procedure (62%). Among urologists who had access to LTA, percutaneous radiofrequency and cryoablation were the most commonly used (72% and 21%, respectively). However, urologists were rarely involved in those procedures (12%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In this national survey, we found that a significant proportion of Canadian urologists did not have access to LTA. We also found that when LTA was performed, urologists were rarely involved in the procedures. Those findings represent significant areas for improvement in the access to LTA. The conclusions of this study are limited by the low response rate.</p>
Simultaneous Determination of Eight Hypotensive Drugs of Various Chemical Groups in Pharmaceutical Preparations by HPLC-DAD
Authors: Stolarczyk Mariusz , Hubicka Urszula , Zuromska-Witek Barbara , Krzek Jan 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A new sensitive, simple, rapid, and precise HPLC method with diode array detection has been developed for separation and simultaneous determination of hydrochlorothiazide, furosemide, torasemide, losartane, quinapril, valsartan, spironolactone, and canrenone in combined pharmaceutical dosage forms. The chromatographic analysis of the tested drugs was performed on an ACE C18, 100 Å, 250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm particle size column with 0;0.05M phosphate buffer (pH = 3.00)–acetonitrile–methanol (30 + 20 + 50 v/v/v) mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The column was thermostatted at 25°C. UV detection was performed at 230 nm. Analysis time was 10 min. The elaborated method meets the acceptance criteria for specificity, linearity, sensitivity, accuracy, and precision. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in the selected combined dosage forms.
Rapid Quantification of Four Anthocyanins in Red Grape Wine by Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography/ Triple Quadrupole Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Sun Yongming , Xia Biqi , Chen Xiangzhun , Duanmu Chuansong , Li Denghao , Han Chao 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The identification and quantification of four anthocyanins (cyanidin-3-O -glucoside, peonidin- 3-O -glucoside, delphinidin-3-O -glucoside, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside) in red grape wine were carried out by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole linear ion trap MS (HILIC/QTrap-MS/MS). Samples were diluted directly and separated on a Merck ZIC HILIC column with 20 mM ammonium acetate solution–acetonitrile mobile phase. Quantitative data acquisition was carried out in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Additional identification and confirmation of target compounds were performed using the enhanced product ion mode of the linear ion trap. The LOQs were in the range 0.05–1.0 ng/mL. The average recoveries were in the range 94.6 to 104.5%. The HILIC/QTrap-MS/MS platform offers the best sensitivity and specificity for characterization and quantitative determination of the four anthocyanins in red grape wines and fulfills the quality criteria for routine laboratory application.
Trapped energetic ion dynamics affected by localized electric field perturbations
Authors: Nishimura Seiya 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Trapped energetic ion orbits in helical systems are numerically simulated using the Lorentz model. Simulation results of precession drift frequencies of trapped energetic ions are benchmarked by those of analytic solutions. The effects of the electric field perturbation localized at the rational surface on trapped energetic ions are examined, where the perturbation has an arbitrary rotation frequency and an amplitude fixed in time. It is found that the trapped energetic ions resonantly interact with the perturbation, when the rotation frequency of the perturbation is comparable to the precession drift frequencies of trapped energetic ions. The simulation results are suggestive to a mechanism of the energetic-ion-induced interchange mode, which might be associated with the fishbone mode observed in helical systems.
Crustal architecture beneath the Tibet‐Ordos transition zone, NE Tibet, and the implications for plateau expansion
Authors: Guo Xiaoyu , Gao Rui , Wang Haiyan , Li Wenhui , Keller G. R. , Xu Xiao , Li Hongqiang , Encarnacion John 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMost previous studies of the Tibetan Plateau have focused on the processes of crustal thickening and subsequent outward growth. However, lithospheric structure across the tectonic boundaries of the plateau has not yet been fully imaged, and therefore, how geological structures evolved in association with the lateral expansion of the margins remains unclear. Here together with interpretation of regional aeromagnetic anomalies, we employ a recently acquired 165 km long deep seismic reflection image that crosses the northeastern flank of the Tibetan Plateau. The resulting crustal “architecture” suggests that crustal shortening is a primary driver for plateau uplift of northeastern Tibet and that the Xiaoguan Shan to the east of the Liupan Shan belt marks the easternmost edge of the strata that has been affected by the northeastward growth of the plateau. In addition, decoupled crustal deformation owing to differential structural integrity has been accommodated during the subsequent northeastward growth of the plateau.
Duskside enhancement of equatorial zonal electric field response to convection electric fields during the St. Patrick's Day storm on 17 March 2015
Authors: Tulasi Ram S. , Yokoyama T. , Otsuka Y. , Shiokawa K. , Sripathi S. , Veenadhari B. , Heelis R. , Ajith K. K. , Gowtam V. S. , Gurubaran S. , Supnithi P. , Le Huy M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe equatorial zonal electric field responses to prompt penetration of eastward convection electric fields (PPEF) were compared at closely spaced longitudinal intervals at dusk to premidnight sectors during the intense geomagnetic storm of 17 March 2015. At dusk sector (Indian longitudes), a rapid uplift of equatorial F layer to >550 km and development of intense equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were observed. These EPBs were found to extend up to 27.13°N and 25.98°S magnetic dip latitudes indicating their altitude development to ~1670 km at apex. In contrast, at few degrees east in the premidnight sector (Thailand‐Indonesian longitudes), no significant height rise and/or EPB activity has been observed. The eastward electric field perturbations due to PPEF are greatly dominated at dusk sector despite the existence of background westward ionospheric disturbance dynamo (IDD) fields, whereas they were mostly counter balanced by the IDD fields in the premidnight sector. In situ observations from SWARM‐A and SWARM‐C and Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System satellites detected a large plasma density depletion near Indian equatorial region due to large electrodynamic uplift of F layer to higher than satellite altitudes. Further, this large uplift is found to confine to a narrow longitudinal sector centered on sunset terminator. This study brings out the significantly enhanced equatorial zonal electric field in response to PPEF that is uniquely confined to dusk sector. The responsible mechanisms are discussed in terms of unique electrodynamic conditions prevailing at dusk sector in the presence of convection electric fields associated with the onset of a substorm under southward interplanetary magnetic field Bz.
Sensitivity of stream dissolved organic carbon to temperature and discharge: Implications of future climates
Authors: Winterdahl Mattias , Laudon Hjalmar , Lyon Steve W. , Pers Charlotta , Bishop Kevin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a significant constituent in aquatic ecosystems with concentrations in streams influenced by both temperature and water flow pathway dynamics associated with changes in discharge (streamflow). We investigated the sensitivity of DOC concentrations in 12 high‐latitude headwater streams to changes in temperature and discharge using a mathematical model. The implications of differences in sensitivities were explored by using downscaled projections of air temperature and discharge to simulate possible trajectories of DOC concentrations in a changing climate. We found two distinct responses: (i) catchments where stream DOC sensitivity was high to temperature but low to discharge and (ii) catchments where stream DOC sensitivity was low to temperature but high to discharge. Streams with strong seasonal DOC dynamics were more sensitive to temperature changes than nonseasonal systems. In addition, stream DOC sensitivity to discharge was strongly correlated with vertical soil water DOC differences in the near‐stream zone. Simulations of possible future changes in DOC concentrations indicated median increases of about 4–24% compared to current levels when using projections of air temperature and discharge but even larger increases were observed for base flow concentrations (13–42%). Streams with high‐temperature sensitivity showed the largest increases in DOC concentrations. Our results suggest that future climatic changes could bring significant increases in surface water DOC concentrations in boreal and hemiboreal areas but that the response ultimately is dependent on vertical soil solution DOC differences and soil organic carbon distribution.
Summer storms trigger soil N2O efflux episodes in forested catchments
Authors: Enanga E. M. , Creed I. F. , Casson N. J. , Beall F. D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractClimate change and climate‐driven feedbacks on catchment hydrology and biogeochemistry have the potential to alter the aquatic versus atmospheric fate of nitrogen (N) in forests. This study investigated the hypothesis that during the forest growth season, topography redistributes water and water‐soluble precursors (i.e., dissolved organic carbon and nitrate) for the formation of gaseous N species. Soil nitrous oxide (N2O) and nitrogen (N2) efflux and soil physical and chemical properties were measured in a temperate forest in Central Ontario, Canada from 2005 to 2010. Hotspots and hot moments of soil N2O and N2 efflux were observed in topographic positions that accumulate precipitation, which likely triggered the formation of redox conditions and in turn intercepted the conversion of nitrate N flowing to the stream by transforming it to N2O and N2. There was a strong relationship between precipitation and N2O efflux (y = 0.44x1.22, r2 = 0.618, p < 0.001 in the inner wetland; y = 1.30x1.16 r2 = 0.72, p < 0.001 in the outer wetland) and significantly different N2:N2O ratios in different areas of the wetland (19.6 in the inner wetland and 10.1 in the outer wetland). Soil N2O + N2 efflux in response to precipitation events accounted for 16.1% of the annual N input. A consequence of the higher frequency of extreme precipitation events predicted under climate change scenarios is the shift from an aquatic to atmospheric fate for N, resulting in a significant forest N efflux. This in turn creates feedbacks for even warmer conditions due to increased effluxes of potent greenhouse gases.
Iodine‐Mediated Copper‐Catalyzed Efficient α‐C(sp2)‐Thiomethylation of α‐Oxoketene Dithioacetals with Dimethyl Sulfoxide in One Pot
Authors: Shukla Gaurav , Srivastava Abhijeet , Nagaraju Anugula , Raghuvanshi Keshav , Singh Maya Shankar 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe direct α‐Csp2H functionalization and thiomethylation of α‐oxoketene dithioacetals (DTAs) has been accomplished with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in the presence of iodine and a copper(I) salt for the first time. A prerequisite is the in situ iodination of the α‐Csp2 atom of dithioacetals that could offer other reaction channels. The operationally simple one‐pot protocol includes region‐defined consecutive iodination and sulfenylation of the challenging α‐Csp2H bond of dithioacetals employing cheap and readily available reagents. DMSO here plays a dual role as thiomethyl source and solvent.magnified image
Recyclable Organocatalyst‐Promoted One‐Pot Asymmetric Synthesis of Spirooxindoles Bearing Multiple Stereogenic Centers
Authors: Huang Xin , Pham Kenny , Yi Wenbin , Zhang Xiaofeng , Clamens Cécilia , Hyatt Jeremy H. , Jasinsk Jerry P. , Tayvah Uriel , Zhang Wei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA recyclable fluorous bifunctional Cinchona alkaloid/thiourea‐catalyzed and four‐component Michael/Mannich/cyclization sequence has been developed for the asymmetric synthesis of spirooxindoles containing 2‐piperidinone and tetrahydropyridine rings. This one‐pot reaction process affords the products in good to excellent yields and up to 99% ee and 9:1 dr.magnified image
In situ Generation of Reticulate Micropores through Covalent Network/Polymer Nanocomposite Membranes for Reverse‐Selective Separation of Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Jeon Eunkyung , Moon Su‐Young , Bae Jae‐Sung , Park Ji‐Woong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe demonstrate the synthesis of a microporous covalent‐network membrane derived from co‐continuous blends of a porogenic urea network and a polyimide (PI). We show that the urea networks in the PI matrix may be thermally rearranged while selectively expelling small molecular fragments, thereby forming a new network bearing reticular microporous molecular pathways. The porous structures enable reverse‐selective gas separation, efficiently blocking carbon dioxide to which most polymeric membranes exhibit selective permeability. The proposed method for fabricating microporous organic membranes with highly tunable porosities using a variety of chemical structures and processing parameters is facile and shows promise for the creation of new membrane‐based molecular‐separation techniques.
Die Eisen‐katalysierte intramolekulare C(sp2)‐H‐Aminierung
Authors: Alt Isabel T. , Plietker Bernd 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDer nukleophile Fe‐Komplex Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] (TBA[Fe]) katalysiert die direkte intramolekulare C‐H‐Aminierung von α‐Azidobiarylen oder (Azidoaryl)alkenen zu den entsprechenden Carbazolen und Indolen unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen mit geringen Mengen an Katalysator. Dies und die breite Toleranz für funktionelle Gruppen machen dieses Protokoll zu einer attraktiven Alternative zu den etablierten Edelmetall‐basierenden Verfahren.
Small Cause, Great Impact: Modification of the Guanidine Group in the RGD Motif Controls Integrin Subtype Selectivity
Authors: Kapp Tobias G. , Fottner Maximilian , Maltsev Oleg V. , Kessler Horst 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDue to its unique role as a hydrogen‐bond donor and its positive charge, the guanidine group is an important pharmacophoric group and often used in synthetic ligands. The chemical modification of the guanidine group is often considered to destroy its function. Herein, we show that the N‐methylation, N‐alkylation, or N‐acylation of the guanidine group can be used to modify the receptor subtype specificity of the integrin ligand cilengitide. Using the αvβ6/α5β1‐biselective ligand c(isoDGRkphg) and the αvβ6‐specific ligand c(FRGDLAFp(NMe)K(Ac) as examples, we show that the binding affinities of the ligands can be fine‐tuned by this method to enhance the selectivity for αvβ6. Furthermore, we describe a new strategy for the functionalization of integrin ligands. By introducing longer N‐alkylguanidine and N‐acylguanidine groups, we are able to simultaneously identify a hitherto unknown anchoring point and enhance the subtype selectivity of the ligand.