bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated electromagnetic induction measurements for mapping soil moisture at the field scale: validation with data from a wireless soil moisture monitoring network
Authors: Martini Edoardo , Werban Ulrike , Zacharias Steffen , Pohle Marco , Dietrich Peter , Wollschläger Ute 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Electromagnetic induction (EMI) measurements are widely used for soil mapping, as they allow fast and relatively low-cost surveys of soil apparent electrical conductivity (ECa). Although the use of non-invasive EMI for imaging spatial soil properties is very attractive, the dependence of ECa on several factors challenges any interpretation with respect to individual soil properties or states such as soil moisture (θ). The major aim of this study was to further investigate the potential of repeated EMI measurements to map θ, with particular focus on the temporal variability of the spatial patterns of ECa and θ. To this end, we compared repeated EMI measurements with high-resolution θ data from a wireless soil moisture and soil temperature monitoring network for an extensively managed hillslope area for which soil properties and θ dynamics are known. For the investigated site, (i) ECa showed small temporal variations whereas θ varied from very dry to almost saturation, (ii) temporal changes of the spatial pattern of ECa differed from those of the spatial pattern of θ, and (iii) the ECa–θ relationship varied with time. Results suggest that (i) depending upon site characteristics, stable soil properties can be the major control of ECa measured with EMI, and (ii) for soils with low clay content, the influence of θ on ECa may be confounded by changes of the electrical conductivity of the soil solution. Further, this study discusses the complex interplay between factors controlling ECa and θ, and the use of EMI-based ECa data with respect to hydrological applications.
Laboratory experimental investigation of heat transport in fractured media
Authors: Cherubini Claudia , Pastore Nicola , Giasi Concetta I. , Allegretti Nicoletta Maria 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Low enthalpy geothermal energy is a renewable resource that is still underexploited nowadays in relation to its potential for development in society worldwide. Most of its applications have already been investigated, such as heating and cooling of private and public buildings, road defrosting, cooling of industrial processes, food drying systems or desalination. Geothermal power development is a long, risky and expensive process. It basically consists of successive development stages aimed at locating the resources (exploration), confirming the power generating capacity of the reservoir (confirmation) and building the power plant and associated structures (site development). Different factors intervene in influencing the length, difficulty and materials required for these phases, thereby affecting their cost. One of the major limitations related to the installation of low enthalpy geothermal power plants regards the initial development steps that are risky and the upfront capital costs that are huge. Most of the total cost of geothermal power is related to the reimbursement of invested capital and associated returns. In order to increase the optimal efficiency of installations which use groundwater as a geothermal resource, flow and heat transport dynamics in aquifers need to be well characterized. Especially in fractured rock aquifers these processes represent critical elements that are not well known. Therefore there is a tendency to oversize geothermal plants. In the literature there are very few studies on heat transport, especially on fractured media. This study is aimed at deepening the understanding of this topic through heat transport experiments in fractured networks and their interpretation. Heat transfer tests have been carried out on the experimental apparatus previously employed to perform flow and tracer transport experiments, which has been modified in order to analyze heat transport dynamics in a network of fractures. In order to model the obtained thermal breakthrough curves, the Explicit Network Model (ENM) has been used, which is based on an adaptation of Tang's solution for the transport of the solutes in a semi-infinite single fracture embedded in a porous matrix. Parameter estimation, time moment analysis, tailing character and other dimensionless parameters have permitted a better understanding of the dynamics of heat transport and the efficiency of heat exchange between the fractures and the matrix. The results have been compared with the previous experimental studies on solute transport.
Colonialisme et pollution environnementale
Authors: Farget1 Doris 
Published: January 2017

Sachant que la contamination de l’environnement altère, limite ou élimine l’accès à certains domaines utilisés ou revendiqués par des peuples autochtones, notamment le territoire, la faune et la flore, quels sont les effets de la pollution de l’environnement sur les droits de ces peuples ? Dans le cadre de cet article, nous soutenons l’idée selon laquelle les effets de la pollution environnementale prolongent ou reproduisent ceux du colonialisme sur le plan des droits reconnus et de la normativité autochtone. C’est à travers cette lunette que nous analysons l’exercice ou l’accès à certains droits reconnus aux peuples autochtones dans un contexte de contamination environnementale, puis que nous analysons le type d’effet que celle-ci produit.
La nécessité d’associer la biopiraterie à la criminalité environnementale en droit international
Authors: Djemba Kandjo1 Joseph , Koutouki Konstantia 
Published: January 2017

Les récents développements de la criminologie environnementale – un nouveau domaine en émergence – montrent que certains types d’utilisation des ressources génétiques peuvent être qualifiés de criminogènes. Cette étape importante permettrait d’associer à la criminalité environnementale certains actes susceptibles de provoquer l’érosion de la biodiversité et les connaissances traditionnelles associées aux ressources génétiques. La biopiraterie est considérée par de nombreux observateurs comme l’un de ces actes, mais qui échappe encore au domaine d’infractions des crimes contre l’environnement comme défini par le droit international. Cet article examine dans quelle mesure la biopiraterie pourrait faire partie du domaine d’infraction du droit pénal international de l’environnement pour une meilleure protection de la biodiversité et des connaissances traditionnelles associées aux ressources génétiques en droit international.
Crimes environnementaux : si la pollution de l’eau tue… malheureusement elle rapporte !
Authors: Paquerot1 Sylvie 
Published: January 2017

Qualifier la pollution de l’eau de crime peut sembler à première vue relever du sens commun et une telle pollution est déjà considérée comme un crime dans certains pays, à certaines conditions. Il importe toutefois de se demander ce qu’apporterait concrètement, pour lutter contre la dégradation et la pollution des ressources en eau, vitales, une telle criminalisation à l’échelle internationale. Du point de vue du message, la catégorie de crimes environnementaux aurait certes l’avantage de signifier la gravité des conséquences pour la société, et pour l’humanité. Dans ce domaine, comme pour les violations massives des droits humains, une telle criminalisation pourrait également contribuer à faire reculer, sinon l’impunité, du moins le sentiment d’impunité. Il demeure toutefois que la sanction effective de tels crimes requiert des conditions précises, souvent difficiles à satisfaire ; ainsi en est-il du fardeau de la preuve d’une part, et de la volonté politique d’autre part.
Des savoirs policiers sur les « mouvements marginaux ». Les constructions du projet GAMMA du SPVM1
Authors: Dominique-Legault2 Pascal 
Published: January 2017

Contribuant à la littérature sociologique et criminologique sur la police en contexte de foule et sur la marginalité, cet article présente une analyse de la construction des savoirs policiers relatifs à l’implantation, en 2010, du controversé projet GAMMA (Guet des activités et des mouvements marginaux et anarchistes) du Service de police de la Ville de Montréal (SPVM). Des documents obtenus, au terme d’un épisode juridique de plus de deux ans, montrent que loin de reposer uniquement sur des événements criminalisables, la mise en place de GAMMA puise plus fondamentalement dans une problématisation de la marginalité politique de groupes sociaux. Nous présentons comment les mouvements marginaux sont implicitement opérationnalisés en indicateurs visibles et comment la problématisation de convictions politiques spécifiques et de caractéristiques, loin de constituer des indicateurs de criminalité, amalgame ces mouvements à un potentiel criminel, enjoignant les policiers de GAMMA à adopter des attitudes de suspicion généralisée à leur égard. L’article explore la subjectivité des savoirs policiers sur lesquels repose l’institutionnalisation, à l’échelle municipale, d’une réponse policière supplémentaire ciblant de façon différentielle ces mouvements marginaux. Nous inscrivons nos résultats de recherche au sein de la littérature scientifique, notamment au regard des thèses de la « neutralisation stratégique », du « contrôle intelligent » et des « paysages d’exclusion ».
Dyslexie et adaptation didactique de l’écrit au collège. Production de contes en groupe et besoins particuliers d’élèves de sixième
Authors: Marsat Martine 
Published: January 2017

Cet article de recherche vise à examiner des adaptations didactiques et des pratiques d’enseignement de la langue française en lien avec les savoirs scolaires conventionnels. L’originalité de l’étude réside dans le choix de la situation didactique et dans son aménagement pour permettre à tous les élèves, y compris à des élèves à besoins éducatifs particuliers de trois classes de sixième d’un collège, de produire des écrits à partir de l’exploitation du conte. L’analyse qualitative des productions, notamment de celles d’élèves dyslexiques, s’attache à montrer certains effets produits par le dispositif didactique et les procédures mises en oeuvre pour répondre au problème posé par leur déficit langagier.
Les résultats valident nos hypothèses et apportent un éclairage sur les enjeux relationnels de réciprocité et d’ouverture entre pairs. Ils montrent, de manière significative, le rôle constructif des interactions sociales dans l’essor des compétences scripturales et créatives en production de contes.
Computer simulation of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation—validation analysis of hemodynamics parameters
Authors: Kumar Y. Kiran , Mehta Shashi Bhushan , Ramachandra Manjunath 
Published: January 2017

ProblemThe purpose of this work is to provide some validation methods for evaluating the hemodynamic assessment of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformation (CAVM). This article emphasizes the importance of validating noninvasive measurements for CAVM patients, which are designed using lumped models for complex vessel structure.MethodsThe validation of the hemodynamics assessment is based on invasive clinical measurements and cross-validation techniques with the Philips proprietary validated software’s Qflow and 2D Perfursion.ResultsThe modeling results are validated for 30 CAVM patients for 150 vessel locations. Mean flow, diameter, and pressure were compared between modeling results and with clinical/cross validation measurements, using an independent two-tailed Studentttest. Exponential regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between blood flow, vessel diameter, and pressure between them. Univariate analysis is used to assess the relationship between vessel diameter, vessel cross-sectional area, AVM volume, AVM pressure, and AVM flow results were performed with linear or exponential regression.DiscussionModeling results were compared with clinical measurements from vessel locations of cerebral regions. Also, the model is cross validated with Philips proprietary validated software’s Qflow and 2D Perfursion. Our results shows that modeling results and clinical results are nearly matching with a small deviation.ConclusionIn this article, we have validated our modeling results with clinical measurements. The new approach for cross-validation is proposed by demonstrating the accuracy of our results with a validated product in a clinical environment.
Buprenorphine-Precipitated Withdrawal Among Hospitalized Patients Using Fentanyl
Authors: Thakrar Ashish P. , Christine Paul J. , Siaw-Asamoah Andrew , Spadaro Anthony , Faude Sophia , Snider Christopher K. , Delgado M. Kit , Lowenstein Margaret , Kampman Kyle , Perrone Jeanmarie , Nelson Lewis S. , Kilaru Austin S. 
Published: September 2024

ImportanceBuprenorphine treatment of opioid use disorder (OUD) is safe and effective, but opioid withdrawal during treatment initiation is associated with poor retention in care. As fentanyl has replaced heroin in the drug supply, case reports and surveys have indicated increased concern for buprenorphine-precipitated withdrawal (PW); however, some observational studies have found a low incidence of PW.ObjectiveTo estimate buprenorphine PW incidence and assess factors associated with PW among emergency department (ED) or hospitalized patients.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis retrospective cohort study at 3 academic hospitals in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, included adults with OUD who underwent traditional or high-dose buprenorphine initiation between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. Exclusion criteria included low-dose buprenorphine initiation and missing documentation of opioid withdrawal severity within 4 hours of receiving buprenorphine.ExposureBuprenorphine initiation with an initial dose of at least 2 mg of sublingual buprenorphine after a Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale (COWS) score of 8 or higher. Additional exposures included 4 predefined factors potentially associated with PW: severity of opioid withdrawal before buprenorphine (COWS score of 8-12 vs ≥13), initial buprenorphine dose (2 vs 4 or ≥8 mg), body mass index (BMI) (&amp;lt;25 vs 25 to &amp;lt;30 or ≥30; calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared), and urine fentanyl concentration (0 to &amp;lt;20 vs 20 to &amp;lt;200 or ≥200 ng/mL).Main Outcome and MeasuresThe main outcome was PW incidence, defined as a 5-point or greater increase in COWS score from immediately before to within 4 hours after buprenorphine initiation. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of PW associated with the 4 aforementioned predefined factors.ResultsThe cohort included 226 patients (150 [66.4%] male; mean [SD] age, 38.6 [10.8] years). Overall, 26 patients (11.5%) met criteria for PW. Among patients with PW, median change in COWS score was 9 points (IQR, 6-13 points). Of 123 patients with confirmed fentanyl use, 20 (16.3%) had PW. In unadjusted and adjusted models, BMI of 30 or greater compared with less than 25 (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 5.12; 95% CI, 1.31-19.92) and urine fentanyl concentration of 200 ng/mL or greater compared with less than 20 ng/mL (AOR, 8.37; 95% CI, 1.60-43.89) were associated with PW.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this retrospective cohort study, 11.5% of patients developed PW after buprenorphine initiation in ED or hospital settings. Future studies should confirm the rate of PW and assess whether bioaccumulated fentanyl is a risk factor for PW.
Pilot study: Evaluating the feasibility of real‐time kinematic GNSS as a tool for tracking movable chairs in outdoor urban public spaces
Authors: Chheang Kim , Ohmura Ren , Karashima Kazuki , Hatayama Yosuke , Matsuo Kajiro , Mizutani Akihiro , Ono Haruka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAs urban public spaces evolve to accommodate human activities, there arises a pressing need for effective methodologies to understand public life within these environments. This pilot study assesses the accuracy of the Real‐Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK GNSS) in the Toyohashi South Side Station Square, aiming to validate its utility as a privacy‐sensitive tool for studying public life, particularly in tracking movable chairs in urban settings. The findings indicate that RTK GNSS exhibits sufficient accuracy in recording the positions of movable chairs, thus facilitating public life studies. Given the variability of GNSS accuracy across environments, we propose the Silhouette Index as a metric for evaluating GNSS suitability across different scales. A Silhouette Index exceeding 0.9 signifies highly accurate data, suitable for comprehending the spatial arrangement and utilization of movable chairs in compact urban spaces. Conversely, an index below 0.8 indicates insufficient accuracy for this purpose. Nevertheless, RTK GNSS, akin to GPS, offers diverse applications in urban research. It can aid in analyzing pedestrian flows in city centers or expansive parks, as well as elucidating spatial behavioral patterns among distinct demographic groups in large‐scale urban public spaces.
Use of Monte Carlo Simulation in XRF Analysis
Authors: Brunetti Antonio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractX‐ray fluorescence (XRF) is a well‐established nondestructive analytical technique that allows for the characterization of the chemical contents of the specimen examined. Furthermore, it can be made portable and therefore usable for samples that cannot be brought to the laboratory. Despite its great versatility, characterizing samples from the standpoint of elemental content becomes challenging when dealing with complex and irregular structures. In such cases, analytical quantification algorithms struggle, sometimes yielding unreliable results. An alternative to these algorithms is provided by Monte Carlo algorithms, which enable simulation with a level of detail surpassing that achievable with analytical algorithms. They encompass the entire experiment, including the sample's structure and composition. However, the time required to obtain accurate quantification, typically much longer than the measurement time, may pose an insurmountable limit to their practical use. This work will describe and discuss the use of Monte Carlo algorithms for XRF analysis, their performance, and their limitations.
Multi‐Functional Gelatin‐Dithiolane Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering
Authors: Asim Saad , Tuftee Cody , Qureshi Asma Talib , Callaghan Rachel , Geary Moira L. , Santra Mithun , Pal Vaibhav , Namli Ilayda , Yam Gary Hin‐Fai , Ozbolat Ibrahim T. , Rizwan Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBiomaterials that integrate multiple functionalities, mimic the extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment to support cellular growth, and adhere robustly to damaged tissues are highly needed to advance tissue engineering. Protein‐based biomaterials are promising due to their inherent biocompatibility, biomimicry, biodegradation, and cell‐supportive properties. Herein, by leveraging the unique ability of dithiolanes to generate on‐demand in situ thiols, a new class of dithiolane‐modified, protein‐based biomaterial that combines unique, seemingly opposing functions for tissue engineering is developed. Dithiolane‐modified gelatin, a model protein used herein, enabled photoinitiator‐free photo‐crosslinking to form multi‐functional gelatin‐dithiolane (GelDT) hydrogels, which displayed exceptional long‐term stability in cell culture media (>28 days) to support the growth of both surface‐seeded and encapsulated cells. GelDT hydrogels allowed pre‐gelation tuning of biomechanical properties and biodegradation via introducing physical crosslinks, and post‐gelation tuning of matrix stress‐relaxation rate, via responding to exogenous thiols, independently of other parameters. Furthermore, GelDT enabled covalent immobilization of bio‐active molecules, glutathione‐responsive drug release, supported efficient 3D bioprinting due to its shear‐thinning ability, and demonstrated robust tissue adhesion in various contexts (bare skin, ex‐vivo, in‐vivo) due to covalent disulfide coupling with endogenous tissue thiols. Together, this study presents a novel multi‐responsive and multi‐functional protein‐based biomaterial, anticipated to advance tissue engineering and regeneration.
Epitaxial Growth of PdH@Ru Hollow Nanobamboos for Efficient Hydrogen Evolution in Anion Exchange Membrane Electrolyzer
Authors: Jiang Xian , Wang Yufei , Ding Jiaqian , Wang Caikang , Tang Yawen , Cao Yingnan , Wang Wenchao , Fu Gengtao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn‐depth comprehension and improvement of the sluggish hydrogen evolution kinetics in alkaline media is highly important to enhance the activity and durability of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE) for green hydrogen production. Herein, a hydrogen atom‐terminated core–shell PdH@Ru nanobamboos (NBs) is developed by the synergetic strategy of epitaxial growth and in situ DMF hydrogenation. The synthesized PdH@Ru NBs demonstrate exceptional activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media, requiring only a 14 mV overpotential at the 10 mA cm−2, surpassing those of commercial Pt/C (35 mV) and H‐free Pd@Ru NBs (37 mV). Furthermore, an AEMWE device using PdH@Ru NBs as the cathode also achieves the current density of 1000 mA cm−2 at ≈1.80 V in 1.0 m KOH at 60 °C, with continuous operation for 50 h. The operando spectroscopic analysis and density functional theory calculations suggest that hydrogen insertion into the Pd@Ru NBs induces tensile strain on the Ru surface layer, altering the Pd/Ru electronic structure and weakening H adsorption, thereby enhancing the HER efficiency. The bamboo‐like hollow structure features numerous active sites, which contribute to the optimization of electron/mass diffusion in the alkaline electrolyte. This work provides a potential high‐efficiency cathodic electrocatalyst for industrial hydrogen production.
Elastocaloric Heat Pump by Twist Induced Periodical Non‐Linear Stress for Low Hysteresis and High Carnot Efficiency
Authors: Xiao Yicheng , Mei Guangkai , Feng Danyang , Zhao Wubin , Guo Wenjin , Leng Xueqi , Qian Dong , Zhao Weiqiang , Bai Jie , Wang Zongqian , Zhu Meifang , Zhou Xiang , Liu Zunfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElastocaloric cooling is one of the most promising solid‐state cooling approaches to address the issues of energy shortage and global warming. However, the cooling efficiency and cycle life of this technology need to be improved, and the required driving force shall be reduced. Here, a novel elastocaloric heat pump by periodic non‐linear stress is developed by employing fiber twisting and separated cooling and heating media. The non‐linear stress generated by fiber twisting yields a hierarchical, rigid‐yet‐flexible architecture and a periodic entropy spatial distribution, which result in a low mechanical hysteresis work and a high cooling efficiency (a maximum material coefficient of performance (COP) of 30.8 and a maximum Carnot efficiency of 82%). The torsional non‐linear stress inhibits crack propagation and results in a highly extended cycle life (14752 cycles, more than ten times of fiber stretching). The heat pump exhibits a maximum average temperature span of 25.6 K, a maximum specific cooling power of 1850 W Kg−1, a maximum device COP of 19.5, and a maximum device power of 5.0 W, under each optimal condition.