bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Utility of the Shortened Version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in Patients With Sporadic Late Onset Alzheimer Disease
Authors: Sánchez Juan Luis , Martín Javier , López Carolina 
Published: September 2017

Background: The classic version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) consists of correctly sorting 128 cards according to changing sorting criteria. Its application is costly in terms of the time employed, with all the negative consequences this entails (decrease in motivation, frustration, and fatigue). Method: The main objective of this study was to test the usefulness of the shortened version of the WCST as compared to the full test by analyzing the equivalence between the two decks comprising the full 128-card version on a sample of patients diagnosed with sporadic late onset Alzheimer disease (SLOAD) and to check its clinical usefulness. Results: The variables showed equivalence between the two decks and their ability to differentiate between the control group (CG) and the Alzheimer disease (AD) group. Conclusion: The scores obtained suggest equivalence between decks and that the application of only the first deck is sufficient.
Diagnosis, Management, and Outcome of Aortitis at a Single Center
Authors: Skeik Nedaa , Ostertag-Hill Claire A. , Garberich Ross F. , Alden Peter B. , Alexander Jason Q. , Cragg Andrew H. , Manunga Jesse M. , Stephenson Elliot J. , Titus Jessica M. , Sullivan Timothy M. 
Published: September 2017

Background: Aortitis is a rare condition with inflammatory or infectious etiology that can be difficult to diagnose due to the highly variable clinical presentation and nonspecific symptoms. However, current literature on the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of aortitis is extremely scarce. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed all patients’ charts who were diagnosed with giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, or noninfectious aortitis presenting at a single center between January 1, 2009, and April 17, 2015. Data collected included demographics, medical history, comorbidities, laboratory and imaging data, management, and outcome. Results: Among the included 15 patients presenting with aortitis at our center, 53% were diagnosed with Takayasu arteritis, 33% with idiopathic inflammatory aortitis, and 13% with giant cell arteritis. All patients received steroid treatment, 67% received adjunctive immunosuppressants or immunomodulators, and 33% underwent interventional procedures. Based on clinical presentation and laboratory and imaging findings at the last follow-up visit for each patient, 67% showed improvement, 27% had no change in disease activity, and 7% had a progression of the disease. Conclusions: Takayasu arteritis was found to be more common than idiopathic inflammatory aortitis and giant cell arteritis among our 15 cases diagnosed with aortitis. All patients received medical therapy and 33% received interventional procedures, leading to 67% improvement of disease activity or related complications. This article also offers a comprehensive review of the diagnosis, management, and outcome of aortitis, supplementing the very limited literature on this disease.
Group B Streptococcus tricuspid valve endocarditis with subsequent septic embolization to the pulmonary artery: A case report following elective abortion
Authors: Piedimonte Sabrina , Almohammadi Mohammad , Lee Todd C 
Published: September 2017

Background Tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by Group B streptococcus is a rare clinical entity with poor prognosis and has been previously reported following gynecologic procedures. Case summary We report a case of an 18-year-old female diagnosed with Group B streptococcus tricuspid valve endocarditis with septic emboli following an elective therapeutic abortion. After six weeks of treatment with ceftriaxone, she returned with recurrent symptoms and was found to have embolized a sizable vegetation to the pulmonary artery with probable lung infarction. She underwent surgical embolectomy and was treated with antibiotics and anticoagulation and was subsequently discharged in stable condition. Conclusion Group B streptococcus endocarditis is a serious complication of gynecologic procedures. The role of preoperative antibiotics, postoperative clinical suspicion of endocarditis based on respiratory symptoms and a multidisciplinary approach may lead to enhanced patient outcomes.
Editor’s Choice- Heparin pre-treatment in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and the risk of intracoronary thrombus and total vessel occlusion. Insights from the TASTE trial
Authors: Karlsson Sofia , Andell Pontus , Mohammad Moman A , Koul Sasha , Olivecrona Göran K , James Stefan K , Fröbert Ole , Erlinge David 
Published: September 2017

Background: Pre-treatment with unfractionated heparin is common in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) protocols, but the effect on intracoronary thrombus burden is unknown. We studied the effect of heparin pre-treatment on intracoronary thrombus burden and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow prior to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with STEMI. Methods: The Thrombus Aspiration in ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction in Scandinavia (TASTE) trial angiographically assessed intracoronary thrombus burden and TIMI flow, prior to percutaneous coronary intervention, in patients with STEMI. In this observational sub-study, patients pre-treated with heparin were compared with patients not pre-treated with heparin. Primary end points were a visible intracoronary thrombus and total vessel occlusion prior to percutaneous coronary intervention. Secondary end points were in-hospital bleeding, in-hospital stroke and 30-day all-cause mortality. Results: Heparin pre-treatment was administered in 2898 out of 7144 patients (41.0%). Patients pre-treated with heparin less often presented with an intracoronary thrombus (61.3% vs. 66.0%, p<0.001) and total vessel occlusion (62.9% vs. 71.6%, p<0.001). After adjustments, heparin pre-treatment was independently associated with a reduced risk of intracoronary thrombus (odds ratio (OR) 0.73, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.65–0.83) and total vessel occlusion (OR 0.64, 95% CI=0.56–0.73), prior to percutaneous coronary intervention. There were no significant differences in secondary end points of in-hospital bleeding (OR 0.84, 95% CI=0.55–1.27), in-hospital stroke (OR 1.17, 95% CI=0.48–2.82) or 30-day all-cause mortality (hazard ratio 0.88, 95% CI=0.60–1.30). Conclusions: Heparin pre-treatment was independently associated with a lower risk of intracoronary thrombus and total vessel occlusion before percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with STEMI, without evident safety concerns, in this large multi-centre observational study.
Lumbar Selective Nerve Root Block: Comparative Study Using Two Pharmacological Formulae
Authors: Guyot Juan Pablo 
Published: September 2017

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 different pharmacological formulae in selective nerve root injections. Methods: We studied a series of 298 patients who received a selective nerve root injection and made a comparative study dividing them into 2 groups according to the drugs used. In group A, we used betamethasone 6 mg and lidocaine, while in group B, triamcinolone 60 mg and bupivacaine were used for the procedure. We evaluated the patients for a period of at least 8 months, assuming the need for surgical therapy as the failure of the procedure. Results: Both groups had 149 patients with similar etiological characteristics. Forty-seven patients (16%) required surgery to relieve pain with a similar distribution between groups (24 from group A and 23 from group B). Time between nerve root injection and surgery was 86.79 (14-360) days on average in group A and 75.76 (2-180) days in group B with no statistical difference ( P = .67). Only one complication was documented, an anaphylactic shock in a patient in group B. Conclusions: Based on these results, we found no difference in the type of steroid or local anesthetic used for selective nerve root injections.
Arthroscopy-assisted versus standard intramedullary nail fixation in diaphyseal fractures of the humerus
Authors: Dedeoğlu Süleyman Semih , İmren Yunus , Çabuk Haluk , Tekin Ali Çağrı , Kır Mustafa Çağlar , Gürbüz Hakan 
Published: September 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess applicability of arthroscopic technique in intramedullary nail fixation of humerus shaft fractures and to compare with conventional nailing in terms of its effects on perioperative and postoperative intra-articular complication rates as well as on clinical and functional outcomes. Methods: This prospective randomized controlled clinical trial included 40 patients (12 females and 28 males) indicated for surgery between either undergo arthroscopy-assisted (Arthroscopy-assisted intramedullary nailing [AIMN]; n = 20) or conventional (Intramedullary nailing [IMN]; n = 20) anterograde intramedullary nailing. Two groups were compared in terms of mean number of fluoroscopic shootings until the guide wire was inserted, time for union, length of hospital stay, and complication rates. Shoulder functions were assessed by Constant and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score. Results: Groups did not significantly differ in terms of age, gender, and mechanism of injury, length of hospital stay, union rate, and mean union time ( p > 0.05). Mean ASES and Constant scores were found to be statistically significantly higher in AIMN group than that in IMN group ( p = 0.000 and p = 0.002, respectively). Mean number of fluoroscopic shootings until the guide wire was inserted was 2.15 in AIMN group, which was significantly lower compared to 4.2 of IMN group ( p = 0.000). Conclusions: Arthroscopy-assisted technique may be an applicable and safe method owing to its cosmetic advantages and more satisfactory postoperative shoulder functions subsequent to less injury to deltoid, rotator cuff, and other soft tissue, as compared to conventional anterograde approach.
Efficient use of a limited resource: A comparison of femoral head allograft preparation methods
Authors: Marshall Timothy , Chow Jason , Sivakumar Brahman , Ahmed Nushin , Smith Paul 
Published: September 2017

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the yield and compressed volume of femoral head allograft prepared by either hand morselization or a bone mill. Methods: Twenty human femoral head allografts were donated from a bone bank and morselized by two different methods. The heads were divided in half and split into two sample groups. One group underwent hand morselization with large bone nibblers, while the other was prepared using a bone mill. The volume of graft produced was measured. Ten-gram aliquots of each sample then underwent 30 impactions in a contained cavity, with the volume of graft compression measured. Results: Bone milling yielded approximately 31% more usable graft than hand morselization (81% to 50%; p = 0.0001). There was no difference between the compressed volume of graft prepared by either method ( p = 0.14). Conclusion: This study demonstrates the efficacy of preparation of allograft with a bone mill and assists the clinician in determining the yield of graft by the weight of femoral head, thereby potentially minimizing excessive ordering and wastage.
The Latarjet Procedure at the National Football League Scouting Combine: An Imaging and Performance Analysis
Authors: LeBus George F. , Chahla Jorge , Sanchez George , Akamefula Ramesses , Moatshe Gilbert , Phocas Alexandra , Price Mark D. , Whalen James M. , LaPrade Robert F. , Provencher Matthew T. 
Published: September 2017

Background: The Latarjet procedure is commonly performed in the setting of glenoid bone loss for treatment of recurrent anterior shoulder instability; however, little is known regarding the outcomes of this procedure in elite American football players. Purpose: (1) Determine the prevalence, clinical features, and imaging findings of elite college football athletes who present to the National Football League (NFL) Combine with a previous Latarjet procedure and (2) describe these athletes’ performance in the NFL in terms of draft status and initial playing time. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: After review of all football players who participated in the NFL Combine from 2009 to 2016, any player with a previous Latarjet procedure was included in this study. Medical records, position on the field, and draft position were recorded for each player. In addition, imaging studies were reviewed to determine fixation type, hardware complications, and status of the bone block. For those players who were ultimately drafted, performance was assessed based on games played and started, total snaps, and percentage of eligible snaps in which the player participated during his rookie season. Results: Overall, 13 of 2617 (<1%) players at the combine were identified with a previous Latarjet procedure. Radiographically, 8 of 13 (61%) showed 2-screw fixation, while 5 of 13 (39%) had 1 screw. Of the 13 players, 6 (46%) players demonstrated hardware complications. All players had evidence of degenerative changes on plain radiographs, with 10 (77%) graded as mild, 1 (8%) as moderate, and 2 (15%) as severe according to the Samilson Prieto classification. Six of the 13 (46%) players went undrafted, while the remaining 7 (54%) were drafted; however, no player participated in more than half of the plays for which he was eligible during his rookie season. Conclusion: Only a small percentage of players at the NFL Combine (<1%) had undergone a Latarjet procedure. High rates of postoperative complications and radiographically confirmed degenerative change were observed. Athletes who had undergone a Latarjet procedure demonstrated a variable amount of playing time, but none participated in more than half of their eligible plays during their rookie season.
Official ERS/ATS clinical practice guidelines: noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure
Authors: Rochwerg Bram , Brochard Laurent , Elliott Mark W. , Hess Dean , Hill Nicholas S. , Nava Stefano , Navalesi Paolo , Antonelli Massimo , Brozek Jan , Conti Giorgio , Ferrer Miquel , Guntupalli Kalpalatha , Jaber Samir , Keenan Sean , Mancebo Jordi , Mehta Sangeeta , Raoof Suhail 
Published: September 2017

Noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) is widely used in the acute care setting for acute respiratory failure (ARF) across a variety of aetiologies. This document provides European Respiratory Society/American Thoracic Society recommendations for the clinical application of NIV based on the most current literature.The guideline committee was composed of clinicians, methodologists and experts in the field of NIV. The committee developed recommendations based on the GRADE (Grading, Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) methodology for each actionable question. The GRADE Evidence to Decision framework in the guideline development tool was used to generate recommendations. A number of topics were addressed using technical summaries without recommendations and these are discussed in the supplementary material.This guideline committee developed recommendations for 11 actionable questions in a PICO (population–intervention–comparison–outcome) format, all addressing the use of NIV for various aetiologies of ARF. The specific conditions where recommendations were made include exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiogenic pulmonary oedema,de novohypoxaemic respiratory failure, immunocompromised patients, chest trauma, palliation, post-operative care, weaning and post-extubation.This document summarises the current state of knowledge regarding the role of NIV in ARF. Evidence-based recommendations provide guidance to relevant stakeholders.
Schizophrenia is not a kind of PTSD
Authors: Matthews Paul R. L. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryCoughlan & Cannon's article provides a helpful review of the current state of evidence regarding the connection between childhood trauma and psychotic-like symptoms. This commentary focuses on the clinical implications by noting that much of the data comes from studies in non-patient populations and to some extent depends on the underlying assumption of the continuum model of psychosis. I reconsider the presented data focusing purely on clinical diagnoses of psychosis, and consider the implications of the association between trauma and psychosis by looking at the evidence base for specific trauma-focused therapies in psychosis.
Randomized Phase II Study of R-CHOP With or Without Bortezomib in Previously Untreated Patients With Non–Germinal Center B-Cell–Like Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Leonard John P. , Kolibaba Kathryn S. , Reeves James A. , Tulpule Anil , Flinn Ian W. , Kolevska Tatjana , Robles Robert , Flowers Christopher R. , Collins Robert , DiBella Nicholas J. , Papish Steven W. , Venugopal Parameswaran , Horodner Andrew , Tabatabai Amir , Hajdenberg Julio , Park Jaehong , Neuwirth Rachel , Mulligan George , Suryanarayan Kaveri , Esseltine Dixie-Lee , de Vos Sven 
Published: September 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the impact of the addition of bortezomib to rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (R-CHOP) on outcomes in previously untreated patients with non–germinal center B-cell–like (non-GCB) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Patients and MethodsAfter real-time determination of non-GCB DLBCL using the Hans immunohistochemistry algorithm, 206 patients were randomly assigned (1:1; stratified by International Prognostic Index [IPI] score) to six 21-day cycles of standard R-CHOP alone or R-CHOP plus bortezomib 1.3 mg/m2intravenously on days 1 and 4 (VR-CHOP). The primary end point, progression-free survival (PFS), was evaluated in 183 patients with centrally confirmed non-GCB DLBCL who received one or more doses of study drug (91 R-CHOP, 92 VR-CHOP).ResultsAfter a median follow-up of 34 months, with 25% (R-CHOP) and 18% (VR-CHOP) of patients having had PFS events, the hazard ratio (HR) for PFS was 0.73 (90% CI, 0.43 to 1.24) with VR-CHOP ( P = .611). Two-year PFS rates were 77.6% with R-CHOP and 82.0% with VR-CHOP; they were 65.1% versus 72.4% in patients with high-intermediate/high IPI (HR, 0.67; 90% CI, 0.34 to 1.29), and 90.0% versus 88.9% (HR, 0.85; 90% CI, 0.35 to 2.10) in patients with low/low-intermediate IPI. Overall response rate with R-CHOP and VR-CHOP was 98% and 96%, respectively. The overall survival HR was 0.75 (90% CI, 0.38 to 1.45); 2-year survival rates were 88.4% and 93.0%, respectively. In the safety population (100 R-CHOP and 101 VR-CHOP patients), grade ≥ 3 adverse events included neutropenia (53% v 49%), thrombocytopenia (13% v 29%), anemia (7% v 15%), leukopenia (26% v 25%), and neuropathy (1% v 5%).ConclusionOutcomes for newly diagnosed, prospectively enrolled patients with non-GCB DLBCL were more favorable than expected with R-CHOP and were not significantly improved by adding bortezomib.
Drosophila Atlastin in motor neurons is required for locomotion and presynaptic function
Authors: De Gregorio Cristian , Delgado Ricardo , Ibacache Andrés , Sierralta Jimena , Couve Andrés 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSPs) are characterized by spasticity and weakness of the lower limbs, resulting from length-dependent axonopathy of the corticospinal tracts. In humans, the HSP-related atlastin genes ATL1–ATL3 catalyze homotypic membrane fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules. How defects in neuronal Atlastin contribute to axonal degeneration has not been explained satisfactorily. Using Drosophila, we demonstrate that downregulation or overexpression of Atlastin in motor neurons results in decreased crawling speed and contraction frequency in larvae, while adult flies show progressive decline in climbing ability. Broad expression in the nervous system is required to rescue the atlastin-null Drosophila mutant (atl2) phenotype. Importantly, both spontaneous release and the reserve pool of synaptic vesicles are affected. Additionally, axonal secretory organelles are abnormally distributed, whereas presynaptic proteins diminish at terminals and accumulate in distal axons, possibly in lysosomes. Our findings suggest that trafficking defects produced by Atlastin dysfunction in motor neurons result in redistribution of presynaptic components and aberrant mobilization of synaptic vesicles, stressing the importance of ER-shaping proteins and the susceptibility of motor neurons to their mutations or depletion.
Early gametogenesis in the Pacific oyster: new insights using stem cell and mitotic markers
Authors: Cavelier Patricia , Cau Julien , Morin Nathalie , Delsert Claude 
Published: September 2017

While our knowledge of bivalve gametogenesis recently progressed, more molecular markers are needed in order to develop tissue imaging. Here, we identified stem cell and mitotic markers to further characterize the oyster early gametogenesis, mainly through immunofluorescence microscopy.
Intense alkaline phosphatase activity, a nonspecific marker for stem cells, was detected on the outer edge of the gonad ducts at the post-spawning stage, suggesting the abundance of undifferentiated cells very early during the sexual cycle. This observation was confirmed using Sox2, a transcription factor specific for stem or germline cells, which decorated cells in the gonad duct inner mass and ciliated epithelium, early during the initial oyster sexual cycle. Moreover, Vasa, a cytoplasmic marker for germline cells was also detected in the gonad acini and duct cells, thus confirming that germline cells were already abundant early on.
In addition, the binding of the Minichromosome maintenance MCM6 protein to chromatin indicated the gonad acini and duct cells were engaged in cell cycle. DNA replication was indeed confirmed by an abundant in vivo incorporation of BrdU in the duct cell chromatin. Finally, proliferation of acini and duct cells was demonstrated by the chromatin-bound Ser10-phosphorylated histone H3, a mitotic marker.
The markers for cell cycle and mitosis used here thus indicate that acini and duct cells were already actively dividing early during the oyster sexual cycle. In addition, altogether with the stem cell markers, these data revealed that the epithelium delimiting the duct outer edge contains a dynamic population of undifferentiated cells.
Strategies for intracanal separated instrument removal: a review
Authors: Karimi Zakaria , Chala Sanaa , Sakout Majid , Abdallaoui Faiza 
Published: September 2017

The successful removal of a separated instrument from the root canal depends on various factors. The location of the broken fragment must be determined because that is commonly the most important factor in determining successful retrieval of the fragment. A variety of different methods for removing obstructions have been described in the literature. However, guidelines for the removal of a separated instrument have not been established. This review aims to describe the methodological approaches to adopt for removing an intracanal separated instrument, depending on the clinical situation, both when the fragment extends into the pulp chamber and two-thirds of the way down the root canal.CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to describe the methodological approaches to adopt for removing an intracanal separated instrument, depending on the clinical situation.