bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In planta functions of cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes in the phytocassane biosynthetic gene cluster on rice chromosome 2
Authors: Ye Zhongfeng , Yamazaki Kohei , Minoda Hiromi , Miyamoto Koji , Miyazaki Sho , Kawaide Hiroshi , Yajima Arata , Nojiri Hideaki , Yamane Hisakazu , Okada Kazunori 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In response to environmental stressors such as blast fungal infections, rice produces phytoalexins, an antimicrobial diterpenoid compound. Together with momilactones, phytocassanes are among the major diterpenoid phytoalexins. The biosynthetic genes of diterpenoid phytoalexin are organized on the chromosome in functional gene clusters, comprising diterpene cyclase, dehydrogenase, and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes. Their functions have been studied extensively using in vitro enzyme assay systems. Specifically, P450 genes (CYP71Z6, Z7; CYP76M5, M6, M7, M8) on rice chromosome 2 have multifunctional activities associated with ent-copalyl diphosphate-related diterpene hydrocarbons, but the in planta contribution of these genes to diterpenoid phytoalexin production remains unknown. Here, we characterized cyp71z7 T-DNA mutant and CYP76M7/M8 RNAi lines to find that potential phytoalexin intermediates accumulated in these P450-suppressed rice plants. The results suggested that in planta, CYP71Z7 is responsible for C2-hydroxylation of phytocassanes and that CYP76M7/M8 is involved in C11α-hydroxylation of 3-hydroxy-cassadiene. Based on these results, we proposed potential routes of phytocassane biosynthesis in planta.
Response of plasma rotation to resonant magnetic perturbations in J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Yan W , Chen Z Y , Huang D W , Hu Q M , Shi Y J , Ding Y H , Cheng Z F , Yang Z J , Pan X M , Lee S G , Tong R H , Wei Y N , Dong Y B 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The response of plasma toroidal rotation to the external resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP) has been investigated in Joint Texas Experimental Tokamak (J-TEXT) ohmic heating plasmas. For the J-TEXT’s plasmas without the application of RMP, the core toroidal rotation is in the counter-current direction while the edge rotation is near zero or slightly in the co-current direction. Both static RMP experiments and rotating RMP experiments have been applied to investigate the plasma toroidal rotation. The core toroidal rotation decreases to lower level with static RMP. At the same time, the edge rotation can spin to more than 20 km s−1 in co-current direction. On the other hand, the core plasma rotation can be slowed down or be accelerated with the rotating RMP. When the rotating RMP frequency is higher than mode frequency, the plasma rotation can be accelerated to the rotating RMP frequency. The plasma confinement is improved with high frequency rotating RMP. The plasma rotation is decelerated to the rotating RMP frequency when the rotating RMP frequency is lower than the mode frequency. The plasma confinement also degrades with low frequency rotating RMP.
Dynamic ASEP, Duality, and Continuous q−1-Hermite Polynomials
Authors: Borodin Alexei , Corwin Ivan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
We demonstrate a Markov duality between the dynamic asymmetric simple exclusion process (ASEP) and the standard ASEP. We then apply this to step initial data, as well as a half-stationary initial data (which we introduce). While investigating the duality for half-stationary initial data, we uncover and utilize connections to the continuous q−1-Hermite polynomials. Finally, we introduce a family of stationary initial data which are related to the indeterminate moment problem associated with these q−1-Hermite polynomials.
Candidates’ First-Time Performance on the Certified Nurse Educator Examination
Authors: Ortelli Tracy A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

AIM
This quantitative study examined the first-time pass/fail performance of 2,673 academic nurse educators who took the certified nurse educator (CNE) examination between September 28, 2005 and September 30, 2011.

BACKGROUND
This is the first research study designed to analyze candidates' first-time pass/fail performance on the CNE examination.

METHOD
Descriptive statistics, chi-square test of independence, Pearson's r statistic, and binary logistic regression were performed.

RESULTS
The chi-square test of independence revealed the lack of a statistically significant relationship between study participants' eligibility option and first-time pass/fail performance. Binary logistic regression revealed that a one-year increase in full-time experience resulted in a 1.05 times greater likelihood of passing the CNE examination (OR = 1.05; 95 percent CI [1.03, 1.06]; p = .00).

CONCLUSION
This study verifies the need for faculty development and mentoring for nurse educators with less than five years of full-time experience and supports recommendations for doctoral preparation.
Psychosocial Outcomes in Long-Term Cochlear Implant Users
Authors: Castellanos Irina , Kronenberger William G. , Pisoni David B. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
The objectives of this study were to investigate psychosocial outcomes in a sample of prelingually deaf, early-implanted children, adolescents, and young adults who are long-term cochlear implant (CI) users and to examine the extent to which language and executive functioning predict psychosocial outcomes.

Design:
Psychosocial outcomes were measured using two well-validated, parent-completed checklists: the Behavior Assessment System for Children and the Conduct Hyperactive Attention Problem Oppositional Symptom. Neurocognitive skills were measured using gold standard, performance-based assessments of language and executive functioning.

Results:
CI users were at greater risk for clinically significant deficits in areas related to attention, oppositional behavior, hyperactivity–impulsivity, and social-adaptive skills compared with their normal-hearing peers, although the majority of CI users scored within average ranges relative to Behavior Assessment System for Children norms. Regression analyses revealed that language, visual–spatial working memory, and inhibition–concentration skills predicted psychosocial outcomes.

Conclusions:
Findings suggest that underlying delays and deficits in language and executive functioning may place some CI users at a risk for difficulties in psychosocial adjustment.
Risk of Hip Arthroplasty After Open Reduction Internal Fixation of a Fracture of the Acetabulum: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Henry Patrick D. G. , Si-Hyeong Park Sam , Paterson J. Michael , Kreder Hans J. , Jenkinson Richard , Wasserstein David 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
To determine what proportion of operatively treated acetabular fracture patients proceeded to total hip arthroplasty (THA), over what time period, and quantify the influence of patient, provider, and surgical factors on rates of THA.

Design:
Retrospective matched cohort prognostic study using administrative data.

Setting:
This study used the large population database of Ontario (population 13,125,000 in 2010), Canada.

Participants:
Patients who underwent open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) of an acetabulum fracture between 1996 and 2010 in the province of Ontario were identified from administrative health databases.

Method:
Each patient was matched to 4 individuals from the general population according to age, sex, income, and urban/rural residence. The rates of THA at 2, 5, and 10 years were compared using time-to-event analysis. The influence of patient, provider, and surgical factors on the risk of eventual THA was examined using a Cox model.

Intervention:
The primary intervention was ORIF of the acetabulum.

Main Outcome Measurement:
The primary outcome measurement was THA.

Results:
A total of 1725 eligible patients were identified and were matched to 6900 controls. Among cases, there was a 13.9% (N = 240) rate of hip arthroplasty after a median of 6.25 (interquartile range 3.5–10.1) years, compared with 0.6% (N = 38) among matched controls (relative risk = 25.26). The greatest difference in risk of eventually undergoing a THA was in the first 10 years, after which time the risk in the group that had undergone ORIF acetabulum trended down toward that of the control group. Among surgical patients, risk factors for eventual hip arthroplasty included older age [hazard ratio (HR) 1.035 (1.027, 1.044); P < 0.0001]; female sex [HR 1.65 (1.257, 2.165); P = 0.0003]. Higher surgeon volume revealed a 2.6% decreased risk of arthroplasty for each acetabulum ORIF performed above 10 per year [HR 0.974 (0.960, 0.989); P = 0.0007].

Conclusion:
Patients who underwent acetabulum fracture ORIF had a 25 times higher prevalence of hip arthroplasty compared with matched controls. THA rate was greater in women, older patients, and patients whom had ORIF performed by low-volume surgeons.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Patient Mortality in Geriatric Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Myers Philip , Laboe Patrick , Johnson Kory J. , Fredericks Peter D. , Crichlow Renn J. , Maar Dean C. , Weber Timothy G. 
Published: November 2017

Objectives:
To estimate 1-year mortality rates in elderly patients who undergo operative treatment for distal femur fractures and identify potential risk factors for mortality.

Design:
Retrospective chart review.

Setting:
Level 1 and Level 2 trauma centers.

Patients/Participants:
Two hundred eighty-three elderly patients (average age 76.0 years ± 9.8) who sustained distal femur fractures between 2002 and 2012.

Intervention:
Fracture fixation of the distal femur.

Main Outcome Measure:
Survival up to 1 year after surgery.

Results:
The 1-year mortality rate for distal femur fractures in elderly patients was 13.4%. There were no statistically significant differences in overall mortality between native bone and periprosthetic fractures, intramedullary nail or open reduction internal fixation, or across Orthopaedic Trauma Association fracture classifications. Overall patient mortality was significantly higher at 30 days (P = 0.036), 6 months (P = 0.019), and 1 year (P = 0.018), when surgery occurred more than 2 days from the injury. Mean Charlson Comorbidity Index scores were significantly lower in survivors versus nonsurvivors at all time intervals (30 days, P = 0.023; 6 months, P = 0.001 and 1 year P ≤ 0.001). A time to surgery of more than 2 days, regardless of baseline illness, did not result in improved survivability at 1 year.

Conclusions:
Overall mortality for distal femur fractures was 13.4% in the elderly population. A surgical treatment more than 2 days after injury was associated with increased patient mortality.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Should Transfusion Trigger Thresholds Differ for Critical Care Versus Perioperative Patients? A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials
Authors: Chong Matthew A. , Krishnan Rohin , Cheng Davy , Martin Janet 
Published: November 2017

Objective:
To address the significant uncertainty as to whether transfusion thresholds for critical care versus surgical patients should differ.

Design:
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Setting:
Medline, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library searches were performed up to 15 June 2016.

Patients:
Trials had to enroll adult surgical or critically ill patients for inclusion.

Interventions:
Studies had to compare a liberal versus restrictive threshold for the transfusion of allogeneic packed RBCs.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary outcome was 30-day all-cause mortality, sub-grouped by surgical and critical care patients. Secondary outcomes included myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, allogeneic blood exposure, and length of stay. Odds ratios and weighted mean differences were calculated using random effects meta-analysis. To assess whether subgroups were significantly different, tests for subgroup interaction were used. Subgroup analysis by trials enrolling critically ill versus surgical patients was performed. Twenty-seven randomized controlled trials (10,797 patients) were included. In critical care patients, restrictive transfusion resulted in significantly reduced 30-day mortality compared with liberal transfusion (odds ratio, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70–0.97). In surgical patients, a restrictive transfusion strategy led to the opposite direction of effect for mortality (odds ratio, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.94–1.82). The subgroup interaction test was significant (p = 0.04), suggesting that the effect of restrictive transfusion on mortality is statistically different for critical care (decreased risk) versus surgical patients (potentially increased risk or no difference). Regarding secondary outcomes, for critically ill patients, a restrictive strategy resulted in reduced risk of stroke/transient ischemic attack, packed RBC exposure, transfusion reactions, and hospital length of stay. In surgical patients, restrictive transfusion resulted in reduced packed RBC exposure.

Conclusions:
The safety of restrictive transfusion strategies likely differs for critically ill patients versus perioperative patients. Further trials investigating transfusion strategies in the perioperative setting are necessary.
Liposomal Bupivacaine in Implant-Based Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Motakef Saba , Wong Wendy W. , Ingargiola Michael J. , Nguyen David , Galdyn Izabela A. , Kim Hahns Y. , Gupta Subhas C. 
Published: November 2017

Purpose:
This study evaluates the role of liposomal bupivacaine in implant-based breast reconstruction.

Methods:
A prospective, randomized, single-blind trial of liposomal bupivacaine in implant-based breast reconstruction was performed. Patients in the control arm were treated with 20 mL 0.25% bupivacaine with epinephrine 1:200,000 to each breast pocket. Patients in the experimental arm were treated with 10 mL 1.3% liposomal bupivacaine delivered to each breast pocket. Pain scores were recorded over the course of patients’ hospital stay. Consumption of pain medications, benzodiazepines, and anti-emetics was monitored. Length of stay and other direct cost data were collected.

Results:
Twenty-four patients were enrolled, with 12 women randomized to each arm. Average postoperative pain scores were 3.66 for patients in the control arm and 3.68 for patients in the experimental arm. Opioid consumption was 1.43 morphine equivalent dosing/h for patients in the control arm and 0.76 morphine equivalent dosing/h for patients in the experimental arm (P = 0.017). Diazepam consumption was 0.348 mg/h for patients in the control arm and 0.176 mg/h for patients in the experimental arm (P = 0.011). Average length of hospital stay was 46.7 hours for patients in the control arm and 29.8 hours for patients in the experimental arm (P = 0.035). Average hospital charges were $18,632 for patients in the control arm and $10,828 for patients in the experimental arm (P = 0.039).

Conclusions:
Liposomal bupivacaine reduces opioid and benzodiazepine consumption, length of stay, and hospital charges. These data support a role for liposomal bupivacaine in implant-based breast reconstruction.
Use of Indocyanine Green for Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy: Case Series and Methods Comparison
Authors: McGregor Andrew , Pavri Sabrina N. , Tsay Cynthia , Kim Samuel , Narayan Deepak 
Published: November 2017

Introduction:
Sentinel lymph node biopsy is indicated for patients with biopsy-proven thickness melanoma greater than 1.0 mm. Use of lymphoscintigraphy along with vital blue dyes is the gold standard for identifying sentinel lymph nodes intraoperatively. Indocyanine green (ICG) has recently been used as a method of identifying sentinel lymph nodes. We herein describe a case series of patients who have successfully undergone ICG-assisted sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma. We compare 2 imaging systems that are used for ICG-assisted sentinel lymph node biopsy.

Methods:
Fourteen patients underwent ICG-assisted sentinel lymph node biopsy for melanoma using the SPY Elite system (Novadaq, Mississigua, Canada) and the Hamamatsu PDE-Neo probe system (Mitaka USA, Park City, Utah). We analyzed costs for 2 systems that utilize ICG for sentinel lymph node biopsies.

Results:
Intraoperative use of ICG for sentinel lymph node biopsies was successful in correctly identifying sentinel lymph nodes. There was no difference between the Hamamatsu PDE-Neo probe and SPY Elite systems in the ability to detect sentinel lymph nodes; however, the former was associated with a lower operating cost and ease of use compared with the latter.

Conclusion:
ICG-assisted sentinel lymph biopsy using the SPY Elite or the Hamamatsu PDE-Neo probe systems for melanoma are comparable in terms of sentinel node detection. The Neo probe system delivers pertinent clinical data with the advantages of lower cost and ease of operation.
Feasibility of Bone Perfusion Evaluation in Cadavers Using Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography
Authors: Yoshimatsu Hidehiko , Steinbacher Johannes , Meng Stefan , Hamscha Ulrike M. , Weninger Wolfgang J. , Tinhofer Ines E. , Yamamoto Takumi , Iida Takuya , Tzou Chieh-Han 
Published: November 2017

Summary:
Bone perfusion evaluation methods in cadaver studies have yet to be established. The aim of this report was to introduce and validate the feasibility of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography for evaluation of bone perfusion in the femoral medial condyle in cadavers. In 4 fresh nonembalmed cadavers (2 female), the descending genicular artery was dissected and carefully cannulated bilaterally. A 10 mL solution containing 5 mL ICG solution and 5 mL methylene blue solution was injected into the descending genicular artery. After the injection, the medial femoral condyle was cut with an oscillating saw. A photograph was taken of the cut ends of the bone. The cut ends of the bones were observed using a near-infrared camera. Images corresponding to the previously taken photographs of the cut ends were captured for comparative analysis. After injection of methylene blue and ICG, the blue dye could be seen in the periosteum in all specimens, but not inside the cortex or the cancellous region of the bone. When observed with ICG fluorescence angiography, however, the cancellous region was highlighted through small perforators penetrating the periosteum. Perfusion inside the medial femoral condyle in cadavers was confirmed using ICG fluorescence angiography. Our method can be especially beneficial in confirming the bone perfusion of a new bone flap based on a particular artery, both in cadavers as well as in patients, because ICG can be injected into specific arteries.
History of High Motion Sickness Susceptibility Predicts Vestibular Dysfunction Following Sport/Recreation-Related Concussion
Authors: Sufrinko Alicia M. , Kegel Nathan E. , Mucha Anne , Collins Michael W. , Kontos Anthony P. 
Published: November 2017

Objective:To compare vestibular dysfunction at 1 to 10 and 11 to 20 days following sport/recreation-related concussion (SRC) in athletes with and without history of motion sickness susceptibility. Secondary aims of this study were to investigate differences in neurocognitive performance and affective symptoms in these groups.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Concussion Specialty Clinic.Participants:One hundred twenty-four adolescents and adults (82 males, 42 females) aged 14 to 26 (16.36 ± 2.10) years, diagnosed with SRC in the past 10 (4.56 ± 2.54) days; 47 participants composed the sample for quartile analyses.Independent Variable:Motion sickness susceptibility questionnaire short form score.Main Outcome Measures:Computerized neurocognitive test scores, vestibular/oculomotor screening scores (VOMS), and symptom factor scores from a standardized concussion symptom inventory.Results:There was no association between history of motion sickness susceptibility and VOMS scores (above or below clinical cutoff) at 1 to 10 days after injury, although at 11 to 20 days after injury there was an association between high motion sickness susceptibility and symptoms above clinical cutoff on 5 of the 6 VOMS items (Pvalues 0.01-0.04). The high motion sickness group had more affective symptoms on the symptom inventory than the no motion sickness group (P= 0.002) at 1 to 10 days after injury. Groups did not differ on computerized neurocognitive testing (P= 0.11).Conclusion:Athletes with a preexisting history of motion sensitivity may exhibit more prolonged vestibular dysfunction following SRC, and may experience more affective symptoms early in recovery.
Luc's Abscess and Temporomandibular Joint Septic Arthritis
Authors: Tsai Carmelle , Deramo Jennifer , Shen Xiaofan , Vandiver Kathleen , Mittal Vineeta 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA 5-year-old previously healthy child presented with right-sided otalgia, right facial and temporal swelling, and right jaw pain in the setting of 6 days of low-grade fever. The child had no trauma, vomiting, or prior dental treatments. On physical examination, the patient had facial swelling, erythema, and tenderness over the right temporal region along with trismus, as well as pain on palpation of the right temporomandibular joint (TMJ). A computed tomography scan revealed otitis media, Luc's abscess, and TMJ septic arthritis requiring surgical drainage and intravenous antibiotics. The patient responded well to treatment and recovered without sequelae. Dr. Cardwell Luc first described Luc's abscess in 1913 as a rare complication of middle ear infection leading to an abscess in the infratemporal space. To our knowledge, our case is the first documented case of concurrent Luc's abscess and TMJ septic arthritis in a previously healthy child as complications of acute otitis media. This case highlights 2 rare complications of a common medical condition that pediatric emergency care providers should recognize due to the need for surgical intervention, without which there may be longstanding sequelae.
Pediatric Emergency Research Canada
Authors: Bialy Liza , Plint Amy , Zemek Roger , Johnson David , Klassen Terry , Osmond Martin , Freedman Stephen B. 
Published: November 2017

Objective
The objective of the study was to describe the origins, growth, and progress of a national research network in pediatric emergency medicine.

Methods
The success of Pediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) is described in terms of advancing the pediatric emergency medicine agenda, grant funding, peer-reviewed publications, mentoring new investigators, and global collaborations.

Results
Since 1995, clinicians and investigators within PERC have grown the network to 15 active tertiary pediatric emergency medicine sites across Canada. Investigators have advanced the research agenda in numerous areas, including gastroenteritis, bronchiolitis, croup, head injury, asthma, and injury management. Since the first PERC Annual Scientific meeting in 2004, the attendance has increased by approximately 400% to 152 attendees, 65 presentations, and 13 project/investigator meetings. More than $33 million in grant funding has been awarded to the network, and has published 76 peer-reviewed articles. In 2011, PERC's success was recognized with a Top Achievement Award in Health Research from Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Canadian Medical Association Journal.

Conclusions
Moving forward, PERC will continue to focus on the creation of new knowledge, the mentorship of new investigators and fellows in developing research projects, and promoting a pediatric emergency medicine–focused research agenda guided by the pooling of expertise from individuals across the nation. Through collaborations with networks across the globe, PERC will continue to strive for the conduct of high-quality, impactful research that improves outcomes in children with acute illness and injury.