bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of a Moving Averages Program Using a Simulated Annealing Algorithm: The Goal is to Monitor the Process Not the Patients
Authors: Ng David , Polito Frank A , Cervinski Mark A 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The patient moving average (MA) is a QC strategy using the mean patient result to continuously monitor assay performance. Developing sensitive MA protocols that rapidly detect systematic error (SE) is challenging. We compare MA protocols established using a previously published report as a guide and demonstrate the use of a simulated annealing (SA) algorithm to optimize MA protocol performance.

METHODS
Using 400 days of patient data, we developed MA protocols for 23 assays. MA protocols developed using a previously published report and our SA algorithm were compared using the average number of patient samples affected until error detection (ANPed).

RESULTS
Comparison of the strategies demonstrated that protocols developed using the SA algorithm generally proved superior. Some analytes such as total protein showed considerable improvement, with positive SE equal to 0.8 g/dL detected with an ANPed of 135 samples using the previously published method whereas the SA algorithm detected this SE with an ANPed of 18. Not all analytes demonstrated similar improvement with the SA algorithm. Phosphorus, for instance, demonstrated only minor improvements, with a positive SE of 0.9 mg/dL detected with an ANPed of 34 using the previously published method vs an ANPed of 29 using the SA algorithm. We also demonstrate an example of SE detection in a live environment using the SA algorithm derived MA protocols.

CONCLUSIONS
The SA algorithm–developed MA protocols are currently in use in our laboratory and they rapidly detect SE, reducing the number of samples requiring correction and improving patient safety.
Vom Richten zum Schlichten – juristische Entscheidungssysteme im Umbruch
Authors: Collin Peter 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
In den 1870er Jahren setzte sich in Deutschland ein liberal-etatistisches Justizmodell durch (Gerichtsverfassungsgesetz 1877, Zivilprozessordnung 1877). Schon kurz nach seinem Triumph geriet es aber in eine Krise. Man beklagte das komplizierte Prozedere und die Weltfremdheit der Richter. Reformüberlegungen erhielten Impulse durch die betont dem sozialen Gedanken verpflichtete österreichische Zivilprozessordnung von 1895. Gleichzeitig entstanden neben der ordentlichen Gerichtsbarkeit neue nichtstaatliche oder halbstaatliche Konfliktlösungseinrichtungen. Dieser Trend setzte sich im Krieg und in der Krise der Nachkriegszeit verstärkt fort. Die neuen Institutionen zeichneten sich vor allem durch drei Merkmale aus: eine Beteiligung von Laien, ein vereinfachtes Verfahren und die Berücksichtigung nichtjuristischer Entscheidungsrationalitäten. Der Beitrag veranschaulicht dies anhand von drei Beispielen, erörtert verschiedene funktionale Ausrichtungen und skizziert determinierende und influenzierende Faktoren, die den wirtschafts- und sozialpolitischen Kontext dieser partiellen Neukonturierung des Justizsystems deutlich machen.
Effect of greenhouse heights on the production of aromatic herbs in Colombia. Part 1: Chives (Allium schoenoprasum L.).
Authors: Bustamante Nelson , Acuña John Fabio , Valera Diego 
Published: August 2016

The tests were conducted in the municipality of Carmen de Viboral, 40 minutes from the city of Medellin (6º05'09"N and 75º20'19"W, 2.150 m a.s.l.). Three greenhouses with the same dimensions were used, with different channel heights of 2, 2.5, and 3 m, respectively. Temperature and relative humidity measurements were taken every 30 minutes for 3 years, and crop production was assessed. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of the height of the greenhouse on climatic conditions generated on a chives crop (Allium schoenoprasum). A multiple linear regression, colinearity analysis, and analysis of heteroscedasticity was performed to determine climatic variations caused by the difference in height between the greenhouses, and to determine differences in production levels. For statistical analysis, the SPSS software was used. The results indicate that, under the studied conditions, the greenhouse height directly affects the internal weather condition, reduction of 1 m in the minimum height of channel (from 3 to 2 m) resulted in an increase of minimum, average and maximum temperature by 0.37°C, 1.42°C and 3.56 °C, respectively, and consequently the chives crop yields, produced a 4.78% higher fresh weight of chives.
Effect of population density on the yield of export-type white yams (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.)
Authors: Pérez Polo Dairo Javier , Campo Arana Rodrigo Orlando 
Published: August 2016

The limitations for yam crops destined for the export market include low yields per unit area and the production of deformed and overly large tubers that are rejected by the market, causing huge losses for small farmers. In order to increase the export competitiveness of yams, the effect of population density on the yield of white yams (D. rotundata cv. Brasilero) was evaluated. On the experimental farm of the Universidad de Córdoba, an experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design and three replications using the following densities (treatments): 10,101; 22,727; 30,303 and 45,454 plants/ha, where the first treatment corresponded to the density used by producers (control). The following yield components were evaluated each time: number, shape, weight, size and production of export-type and non-export-type tubers. In addition, an economic analysis of the treatments was carried out to assess the impact of adoption. The export-type production increased as the population density increased, achieving the maximum yield with 30,303 plants/ha, surpassing the control by 197.75%; this population was also the most profitable, 116.67%. The shape, weight and size of the tubers were not affected by the population density; the cylindrical shape was the most frequent. It was concluded that the white yam cv. Brasilero population increase significantly influenced the number of export-type tubers per hectare, tripling the number, as well as increasing profitability
Cinética de secagem de vagens de algaroba (Prosopis juliflora SW)
Authors: Nascimento A. P. S. , Lima A. K. S. , Cavalcanti C. F. , Gusmão R. P. 
Published: August 2016

<p>O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a cinética de secagem de vagens de algaroba em secador convectivo, nas temperaturas de 60, 70 e 80 °C. A secagem foi conduzida em camada fina, em um secador com circulação de ar, onde as vagens foram colocados em um recipiente de alumínio, medindo 20 mm de comprimento e 10 mm de largura, com capacidade de aproximadamente 10 g. Para representar o comportamento cinético da secagem foram utilizados os modelos matemáticos de Page, Henderson &amp; Pabis e Exponencial de Dois Termos. A partir dos resultados obtidos foi possível concluir que a secagem das vagens de algaroba ocorreu durante o período de taxa decrescente e é influenciada pela ação da temperatura, ou seja, ao aumentar a temperatura de secagem tem-se uma diminuição no tempo de estabilização, podendo este processo ser representado pelos três modelos matemáticos estudados, sendo o modelo Exponencial de Dois Termos o que melhor se ajustou aos dados experimentais apresentando coeficiente de determinação superior a 99,8% e desvios quadráticos médios menores que 0,05.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Drying kinetics of pods of algaroba </em></strong><strong>(</strong><em>Prosopis juliflora<strong> SW</strong></em><strong>)<em></em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>The objective of this work was to study the drying kinetics of algaroba pods in convective dryer at temperatures of 60, 70 and 80 °C<strong>.</strong> The drying was carried out in thin layer in a circulating air dryer where the beans were placed in a fine mesh metal container measuring 20 mm long and 10 mm wide, with a capacity of approximately 10 g. To represent the kinetics of drying the mathematical models of Page, Henderson and Pabis and Exponential of Two Terms were tested. Based on the results obtained it was concluded that the drying of algaroba pods occurs during falling rate period and is influenced by the action of temperature, in other words, by increasing the drying temperature has been a decrease in settling time, this process can be represented by the three mathematical models considered, being the Exponential of Two Terms model which best fits the experimental data showing higher coefficient of determination 98% and lower DQM. <strong></strong></p>
Qualidade físico-química de farinhas de genótipos de berinjela (Solanum melongena L.) submetidas ao cultivo orgânico
Authors: Silva Rosicleide Dos Santos da , Pereira Emmanuel Moreira , Costa José Carlos da , Oliveira Fernando Luiz Nunes , Azerêdo Geíza Alves de 
Published: August 2016

<p>Atrelado ao valor nutricional vem sendo atribuída à berinjela algumas propriedades funcionais, como a capacidade de diminuir o colesterol plasmático e o efeito hipoglicêmico. Por suas características nutricionais, a farinha de berinjela se destaca como um importante ingrediente alimentar, visto que apresenta, em relação à farinha de trigo, maior teor de proteínas, cinzas e fibra alimentar. Dados sobre os efeitos benéficos da berinjela evidenciam a importância do conhecimento detalhado de sua composição química para especificações nutricionais, adequação de dietas e para a ciência de alimentos. Em vista do manejo diferenciado, o cultivo sustentável demanda cultivares bem adaptadas e que proporcionem o melhor rendimento e elevado padrão de qualidade, o que pode interferir na composição dos frutos e, por conseguinte na farinha elaborada a partir destes. Dessa maneira, objetivou-se avaliar as características físico-químicas das farinhas de berinjela de diferentes genótipos sob o sistema de cultivo orgânico. Os resultados demonstraram que o genótipo comprida foi o que proporcionou a obtenção de uma farinha com maior potencial nutritivo, destacando-se nos conteúdos de proteínas, lipídeos e cinzas, frente aos demais materiais analisados.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Physicalchemical quality of the flour of eggplants genotypes (</em></strong><em>Solanum melongena<strong> L.) submitted to an organic cultivation</strong></em></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Besides its nutritional value, it has been atributed to eggplant some functional properties, just like the capacity to diminish plasmatic cholestherol and its hypoglycemic effects, the eggplant outstands, for its nutritional characteristics, as an important ingredient , said that it shows in relation to wheat flour (ordinary baking flour) a bigger fiber and protein rate. Datum about the benefits of the eggplant raise the relevance on the detailed knowledge of its chemical composition to nutritional especifications. From adequating diets to food industialization sciences, and to the care and attention of the particular handling, the sustainable cultivation demands. Well-adapted practices which brings the best results and high quality levels which can interfere on the composition of the fruit, therefore in the flour made of these ones. This way, the objective was to evaluate the physicalchemichal charactheristics of the flours made of different eggplant genotypes under the organic cultivation system. The results showed that the long genotype "comprido " is the one of which is made the flour, which contains the best potential of nutrition, outstanding the contents of protein, lipids and ashes before the other observed materials.</p>
Wettability Alteration of Heavy-Oil-Bitumen-Containing Carbonates by Use of Solvents, High-pH Solutions, and Nano/Ionic Liquids
Authors: Cao Nahai , Almojtaba Mohammed M.. , Babadagli Tayfun 
Published: August 2016

Summary
Capillary imbibition tests are commonly applied to measure wettability-alteration potential of chemicals. However, these tests are exhaustive, time-consuming, and expensive, and the underlying physics of the alteration process from a surface-chemistry point of view is often limited and/or unexplained. Contact-angle measurement is a quicker and more-feasible screening tool to assess the emerging wettability modifiers. It also provides visual data on the mechanics of the wettability-alteration process. This paper focuses on contact-angle measurements as a means to evaluate the wettability alteration on mineral plates and porous-rock samples. Imidazolium ionic liquids were tested at different concentrations. To study the effect of pH on the wettability, sodium chloride and sodium borate were used at different concentrations. The composition of divalent ions was varied because of their possible use with low-/high-salinity water as wettability-alteration agents. Unmodified and surface-modified silica, zirconium, and alumina nanoparticles were also tested.
Contact-angle measurements were performed initially on mica, marble, and calcite plates. Experiments were repeated on polished surfaces of Berea sandstone, Indiana limestone, and cleaned Grosmont carbonate cores. Oils (pure and solvent-mixed crude oils) with different viscosities and densities were used to test the effect of oil type on the process. The images were obtained by an single-lens reflex (SLR) camera at different temperatures ranging from 25 to 80°C. By testing with different concentrations, the optimum chemicals were found for different mineral-plate/porous-rock systems. Then, the results were cross checked with the imbibition tests performed on the same samples to validate the contact-angle-measurement observations.
Thermal-stability tests were also performed in case of their use during or after a thermal method. For the thermal-stability tests, contact-angle experiments were conducted in a high-pressure and high-temperature (up to 200°C) cell. It was shown that certain ionic liquids and nanofluids are stable at high temperatures and can be efficiently used at low concentrations.
Counting with Colours? Effect of Colours on the Numerical Abilities of House Crows (Corvus splendens) and Common Myna (Acridotheres tristis)
Authors: Nor Amira Abdul Rahman  , Zalila Ali  , Wan Fatma Zuharah  , Nik Fadzly  
Published: August 2016

We conducted several aviary experiments to investigate the influence of colours in quantity judgments of two species of birds; house crow (Corvus splendens) and common myna (Acridotheres tristis). Different quantity (in seven different food proportions) of mealworms were presented nonsequentially to all birds using artificially coloured red mealworms, for experiment 1, and using artificially coloured green mealworms, for 2 experiment 2. Both red and green coloured mealworms have no significant effect on house crow’s quantity judgments (red: ANOVA: F?‚?? = 1.748, p = 0.144; and green: ANOVA: F?‚?? = 1.085, p = 0.394). Common myna, however, showed a strong influence of red colour in their quantity judgment (ANOVA: F?‚?? = 2.922, p = 0.023) as they succeeded in choosing the largest amount of food between two cups, but not when offered food using green coloured mealworms (ANOVA: F?‚?? = 1.183, p = 0.342). In the next experiment, we hypothesised that both house crow and common myna will prefer red coloured food items over green coloured food items, when factors such as the amount of food is equal. We chose to test red and green colours because both colours play an important role in most avian food selections. Results showed that there were no significant differences in the selection of red or green coloured mealworms for both house crows (ANOVA: F?‚?? = 2.310, p = 0.06) and common myna (ANOVA: F?‚?? = 0.823, p = 0.561).

Kami menjalankan beberapa eksperimen aviari untuk mengenal pasti kesan warna ke atas pemilihan kuantiti oleh dua jenis burung, burung gagak (Corvus splendens) dan burung tiung (Acridotheres tristis). Cacing dalam kuantiti berbeza (tujuh pembahagian berlainan) diberikan kepada burung dalam turutan rawak menggunakan cacing dicat dengan warna merah bagi eksperimen 1 dan menggunakan cacing dicat warna hijau bagi eksperimen 2. Kedua-dua warna cacing merah dan hijau tidak memberi kesan kepada pemilihan kuantiti gagak (merah: ANOVA: F?‚?? = 1.748, p = 0.144; dan hijau: ANOVA: F?‚?? = 1.085, p = 0.394). Namun demikian, burung tiung menunjukkan kesan pengaruh kuat bagi warna merah ke atas pemilihan kuantiti (ANOVA: F?‚?? = 2.922, p = 0.023), dengan burung berjaya memilih jumlah makanan yang lebih besar antara dua cawan, tetapi tidak apabila cacing berwarna hijau ditawarkan (ANOVA: F?‚?? = 1.183, p = 0.342). Dalam eksperimen seterusnya, hipotesis kami ialah kedua-dua burung gagak dan burung tiung akan memilih makanan berwarna merah berbanding warna hijau apabila faktor jumlah makanan adalah sama. Kami memilih untuk menguji warna merah dan warna hijau kerana kedua-dua warna memainkan peranan penting dalam pemilihan makanan burung. Keputusan menunjukkan tiada perbezaan signifikan bagi pemilihan cacing merah dan hijau bagi kedua-dua burung gagak (ANOVA: F?‚?? = 2.310, p = 0.06) dan burung tiung (ANOVA: F?‚?? = 0.823, p = 0.561).
Five New Records of Terrestrial and Lithophytic Orchids (Orchidaceae) from Penang Hill, Malaysia
Authors: Nga Shi Yeu  , Farah Alia Nordin  , Ahmad Sofiman Othman  
Published: August 2016

Five new records of terrestrial and lithophytic orchid species were gathered from Penang Hill, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia namely Bulbophyllum depressum, Goodyera pusilla, Peristylus monticola, Podochilus microphyllus, and Zeuxine gracilis. Checklist of each species is provided and their distribution in Penang Hill is discussed.

Lima rekod baru spesies anggerik tanah dan litofitik telah diperoleh dari Bukit Bendera, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia iaitu Bulbophyllum depressum, Goodyera pusilla, Peristylus monticola, Podochilus microphyllus, dan Zeuxine gracilis. Satu senarai semak untuk setiap spesies dan taburannya di Bukit Bendera dibincangkan.
Rapid and Noninvasive Assessment of Atterberg Limits Using Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy
Authors: Gupta Abhinav , Das Bhabani Sankar , Kumar Ashish , Chakraborty Poulamee , Mohanty Biswajita 
Published: August 2016

Core IdeasDiffuse reflectance spectroscopy has potential for the estimation of Atterberg limits.Visible, near‐, and mid‐infrared regions of electromagnetic spectra were utilized.Atterberg limits were estimated by correlation with other spectrally active soil properties.In this study, Atterberg limits were estimated using pedotransfer functions (PTFs), spectral‐transfer functions (STFs), and spectral PTFs (SPTFs). In the PTF approach, basic soil properties were used to calibrate PTFs using stepwise multiple linear regression and support‐vector regression (SVR) approaches. In the STF approach, spectral reflectance values across the visible to near‐infrared (VNIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) regions were used to estimate Atterberg limits using the SVR and partial least squares regression (PLSR) approaches along with bootstrapping. Also, two locally weighted PLSR models were developed using covariance and correlation as weighting schemes. Finally, feature selection was combined with the PLSR (PLSRFS) to identify the optimum set of spectral features to use in the estimations. In the SPTF approach, both basic properties and geometrical shape factors of spectral absorption were used for the prediction of Atterberg limits. Comparison of the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean squared residual values for the validation data sets across different modeling approaches suggested that the PLSRFSmodel along with pooled VNIR + MIR data yielded the highestR2of 0.77 for the liquid limit. The PLSRFSmodel along with VNIR data alone yielded the highestR2of 0.70 for the plastic limit. A maximumR2value of 0.65 was obtained for the plasticity index using both the PLSR and SVR models on MIR data and the PLSRFSmodel on pooled VNIR + MIR data. This study shows that the STF approach may be adopted as an alternate to PTFs to estimate the Atterberg limits because it can account for up to 77% of the variance in the data.
Net and Gross Nitrogen Turnover in Soil Amended with Acidified and Differently Dried Solids from Biogas Digestate
Authors: Pantelopoulos A. , Magid J. , Jensen L.S. 
Published: August 2016

Core Ideas
Acidification decreased the degradability of digestate solids.
Acidification stabilized the gross N mineralization pattern with time.
Dried acidified solids showed the highest potential N fertilizing value.
Low drying temperature promoted net N mineralization from unacidified solids.
The use of dried digestate solids from biogas plants as organic fertilizers may be disadvantaged by considerable N losses during thermal treatment. Acidification can decrease NH3 emissions during drying, but little is known about the degradability and N release pattern of acidified and dried digestate solids. In a laboratory incubation, C mineralization and gross and net N mineralization from digestate solids subjected to acidification (to pH 5.5) and drying (70 or 160°C) were monitored for 160 d at 15°C. Gross N mineralization rates were determined using the 15N isotopic pool dilution technique, and gross N transformation rates were calculated with the FLUAZ model. Irrespective of further treatment, acidified solids showed up to 50% reduced cumulative CO2–C respiration throughout the incubation and consequently decreased gross N mineralization rates compared with unacidified solids. Moreover, acidification of digestate solids delayed the nitrification dynamics during the first 3 wk of incubation. Throughout the experimental period, the acidified dried digestate solids had the highest inorganic N contents among all treatments. It was evident that acidification increased the stability of the organic matter and enhanced the availability of N on application to soil.
L'enquête nationale sur les meurtres et disparitions de femmes et de filles autochtones
Authors:   Feminist Alliance for International Action,   Native Women's Association of Canada
Published: August 2016

Recommandations consolidées L'Association des femmes autochtones du Canada, l'Alliance canadienne féministe pour l'action internationale et la Revue Femmes et droit ont organisé à Ottawa, les 30 et 31 janvier 2016, un symposium en vue d'entamer un dialogue au sujet de l'enquête nationale à venir sur les meurtres et disparitions de femmes et de filles autochtones. Quarante leaders féminines autochtones, des membres des familles des femmes et des filles disparues et assassinées, des universitaires et des alliés ont été rejoints par cinq expertes en droits de la personne des Nations Unies et un expert de la Commission interaméricaine des droits de l'homme. Le présent document est issu des présentations et des dialogues qui ont eu lieu pendant le Symposium. Ce rapport constitue un document consensuel. Le groupe a généralement accepté les principes qui y sont mis de l'avant. Cependant, quelques participantes ont exprimé leur désaccord avec certaines de ses recommandations. Nous avons tenté de tenir compte de leurs préoccupations dans le présent document. Ce rapport n'a pas la prétention de couvrir tous les aspects de l'enquête. D'autres thèmes à prendre en considération comprennent notamment : comment incorporer de façon efficace dans l'enquête les voix et les expériences des femmes autochtones qui sont très jeunes ou s'identifient comme LGBTQ. Le but de ce rapport est de fournir à ceux et celles qui développent le mandat de l'enquête une direction claire enracinée dans les délibérations des femmes autochtones du Canada et de leurs alliés. On y retrouve des thèmes qui décrivent les préoccupations et les questions soulevées par les participants et les participantes, avec une recommandation concrète par thème. Les recommandations sont consolidées à la fin du rapport à des fins de référence. Nous espérons sincèrement que les responsables politiques qui développent le mandat de l'enquête tiendront effectivement compte de ces recommandations à la lumière des droits de la personne.