bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech-specific categorical perception deficit in autism: An Event-Related Potential study of lexical tone processing in Mandarin-speaking children
Authors: Wang Xiaoyue , Wang Suiping , Fan Yuebo , Huang Dan , Zhang Yang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecent studies reveal that tonal language speakers with autism have enhanced neural sensitivity to pitch changes in nonspeech stimuli but not to lexical tone contrasts in their native language. The present ERP study investigated whether the distinct pitch processing pattern for speech and nonspeech stimuli in autism was due to a speech-specific deficit in categorical perception of lexical tones. A passive oddball paradigm was adopted to examine two groups (16 in the autism group and 15 in the control group) of Chinese children’s Mismatch Responses (MMRs) to equivalent pitch deviations representing within-category and between-category differences in speech and nonspeech contexts. To further examine group-level differences in the MMRs to categorical perception of speech/nonspeech stimuli or lack thereof, neural oscillatory activities at the single trial level were further calculated with the inter-trial phase coherence (ITPC) measure for the theta and beta frequency bands. The MMR and ITPC data from the children with autism showed evidence for lack of categorical perception in the lexical tone condition. In view of the important role of lexical tones in acquiring a tonal language, the results point to the necessity of early intervention for the individuals with autism who show such a speech-specific categorical perception deficit.
Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted MR imaging in assessing and characterizing solitary pulmonary lesions
Authors: Wan Qi , Deng Ying-Shi , Zhou Jia-Xuan , Yu Yu-Dong , Bao Ying-Ying , Lei Qiang , Chen Hou-Jin , Peng Ya-Hui , Mei Ying-Jie , Zeng Qing-Si , Li Xin-Chun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the potential of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted MR imaging in assessing solitary pulmonary lesions (SPLs). Sixty-two patients with pathologically confirmed SPLs, including 51 and 11 cases of malignant and benign lesions, respectively, were assessed. Diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) with 13 b values was used to derive apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM parameters, including true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f). Our results showed that, there was an excellent inter-observer agreement on the measurements of D and ADC between observers (inter-class correlation coefficient, ICC = 0.902 and 0.884, respectively). Meanwhile, f and D* showed good and substantial reproducibility (ICC = 0.787 and 0.623, respectively). D and ADC of malignant lesions were significantly lower than those of benign lesions (both P ≤ 0.001), while similar values were obtained in both groups for D* and f (both P > 0.05). In receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, D showed the highest area under curve (AUC) for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions, followed by ADC. Accompanying signs of SPLs have specific features on IVIM maps. In conclusion, IVIM provides functional information in characterizing SPLs which is helpful to differential diagnosis. D and ADC have a significantly higher diagnostic value than f and D*.
The general PTS component HPr determines the preference for glucose over mannitol
Authors: Choe Mangyu , Park Young-Ha , Lee Chang-Ro , Kim Yeon-Ran , Seok Yeong-Jae 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPreferential sugar utilization is a widespread phenomenon in biological systems. Glucose is usually the most preferred carbon source in various organisms, especially in bacteria where it is taken up via the phosphoenolpyruvate:sugar phosphotransferase system (PTS). The currently proposed model for glucose preference over non-PTS sugars in enteric bacteria including E. coli is strictly dependent on the phosphorylation state of the glucose-specific PTS component, enzyme IIAGlc (EIIAGlc). However, the mechanism of the preference among PTS sugars is largely unknown in Gram-negative bacteria. Here, we show that glucose preference over another PTS sugar, mannitol, is absolutely dependent on the general PTS component HPr, but not on EIIAGlc, in E. coli. Dephosphorylated HPr accumulates during the transport of glucose and interacts with the mannitol operon regulator, MtlR, to augment its repressor activity. This interaction blocks the inductive effect of mannitol on the mannitol operon expression and results in the inhibition of mannitol utilization.
Trends in Nasal Subunit Reconstruction by Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons
Authors: Larrabee Yuna , Phillips David , Sclafani Anthony 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTo determine if facial plastic and reconstructive surgeons still adhere to the classic nasal subunit principle as described by Burget and Menick. Observational survey. A Weill Cornell Medicine institutional review board approved electronic survey that was sent via e-mail to active members of the American Academy of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (AAFPRS). The survey consisted of 32 multiple-choice questions pertaining to the operative management of small (22–30%), medium (50–58%), and large (75–81%) defects of each subunit of the nose, as well as demographic, provider, and practice characteristics. There were 111 responses to the survey (10.1% response rate). Ninety-eight percent of respondents reported familiarity with the subunit principle, and 59.6% considered the subunit principle in greater than 90% of cases. Almost three-quarters (70.4%) of respondents felt the subunit principle should be applied but could be modified based on the particular nasal defect, whereas 28.7% felt it was only sometimes helpful and was not mandatory for successful nasal reconstruction. Large defects of the tip and ala are generally treated by excision of the remaining subunit (79.4 and 80.6%, respectively). Fewer surgeons would excise the remaining subunit for large defects of the dorsum (39.8%), sidewall (38.8%), and soft tissue facet (18.4%). Simple repair without additional excision was the treatment of choice for small defects of the tip (58.2%), ala (59.2%), sidewall (65%), dorsum (68%), and soft tissue facet (71.8%). However, in many small- (up to 32%) and medium- (up to 51%) sized defects of the tip, ala, sidewall, and dorsum, respondents reported partial subunit excision. The majority of AAFPRS members abide to the classical subunit principle by completely excising the remaining subunit for large defects of the tip and ala. Many surgeons modify the subunit principle in small and medium defects.
Applying a Visual Assessment Tool to Facial Linear Scars
Authors: Knackstedt Thomas , Ganger Pamela , Scherer Emily , Samie Faramarz , Collins Lindsey 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPrevious scar scales have focused on verbal descriptions. A nonverbal visual assessment tool would provide a simple way for patients and physicians to quantify scar appearance. The authors sought to use a validated visual assessment tool for linear surgical scars to assess linear scars on the face and to determine whether patients and surgeons rate scars similarly. A total of 143 patients with linear facial scars resulting from repair of Mohs micrographic surgery defects used the visual assessment tool to rate their surgical scar. Six physicians used the tool to rate a subset of the patients' scar photographs. The scar ratings for patients and physicians were compared. Among the scars rated by both the patients and physicians (n = 79), patients had a significantly lower mean (i.e., more favorable) rating compared with the physicians. This was a single-center study including only Caucasian patients. The visual assessment tool to rate linear surgical scars provided a simple method for both patients and physicians to assess the overall appearance of postsurgical scars. Difference in the scar ranking between patients and physicians indicate the importance of incorporating both patient and physician point of view when assessing scars.
Osseous and Cartilaginous Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Hahn Samuel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe nose is a complex, three-dimensional structure that is supported by a framework of osseous and cartilaginous structures. Disruption of this framework can result in nasal deformity and functional deficits. Nasal reconstruction requires restoration of the osseous and cartilaginous framework. This requires careful preoperative assessment of the nasal defect and understanding the nasal and facial aesthetics that are supported by the osseous and cartilaginous support structures. Structural grafts can be classified as restorative, supportive, or contouring. Surgeons must understand the requirements for each type of grafting and which materials to use to provide the necessary structural reconstruction. Autogenous, homologous, and allogenic materials can be used for reconstruction of the structural deficits. Autogenous grafts from the septum, ear, rib, and calvarium are preferred for structural reconstruction, but surgeons should be well versed with alternative structural grafting materials. Smaller defects can be corrected through cartilaginous grafts, while larger defects require more rigid bony support to withstand the contractive forces of wound healing. Titanium mesh can serve as a viable alternative for rigid structural reconstruction. The ultimate goal of nasal reconstruction is to restore nasal form and function, and successful reconstruction starts with establishing a stable, functional, and anatomically sound osseocartilaginous framework.
Microvascular Flaps in Nasal Reconstruction
Authors: Boahene Kofi , Byrne Patrick , Desai Shaun , Kim Irene 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNasal reconstruction for subtotal and total rhinectomy defects is a challenging endeavor, which requires technical finesse, a keen artistic eye, and the ability to anticipate long-term changes that accompany postoperative healing. While local and regional flaps have traditionally been utilized to reconstitute missing nasal elements, certain situations may not provide sufficient or acceptable tissue for optimal reconstruction. In these situations, the three major components of the nose—lining, structural support, and external skin—may require reconstruction with tissues harvested from distant sites through microvascular free tissue transfer. Our objective in this article is to discuss the general approach to nasal reconstruction and present the considerations for free tissue transfer with regard to each nasal component. The virtues of free flap transfer as well as its shortcomings and potential complications are discussed.
Heart failure drug changes the mechanoenzymology of the cardiac myosin powerstroke
Authors: Rohde John A. , Thomas David D. , Muretta Joseph M. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Heart failure is the leading cause of mortality in the United States, despite sustained efforts to develop effective small-molecule treatments. The biophysical characterization of existing therapies will drive development of next-generation approaches for treating heart failure. Furthermore, small molecules can be powerful probes for dissecting protein structure function relationships. We used an innovative FRET-based spectroscopic approach to determine that the small-molecule heart disease therapeutic omecamtiv mecarbil (OM) changes how myosin’s working powerstroke is coordinated with actin-activated phosphate release, the biochemical step associated with force generation. This result explains how OM alters cardiac contractility at the molecular level, forcing the accumulation of actin-bound prepowerstroke cross-bridges.
High-throughput screening of rare metabolically active tumor cells in pleural effusion and peripheral blood of lung cancer patients
Authors: Tang Yin , Wang Zhuo , Li Ziming , Kim Jungwoo , Deng Yuliang , Li Yan , Heath James R. , Wei Wei , Lu Shun , Shi Qihui 
Published: February 2017

SignificanceIdentification of cancer cells in the pleural effusions of lung cancer patients is an important clinical diagnosis to verify the malignant pleural involvement. Elevated glucose uptake is a hallmark of cancer cells and has been used in positron-emission tomography to detect malignant tumors in vivo. We hypothesize that cells with enhanced glucose uptake and without expression of leukocyte markers in pleural effusion or peripheral blood samples are highly likely to be malignant cells that can be confirmed via single-cell sequencing. To this end, a high-throughput metabolic-based assay is developed for rapid detection of rare metabolically active tumor cells in pleural effusion, enabling sensitive diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion in the clinic that is associated with metastatic malignancies.
Rational design of adjuvants targeting the C-type lectin Mincle
Authors: Decout Alexiane , Silva-Gomes Sandro , Drocourt Daniel , Barbe Sophie , André Isabelle , Cueto Francisco J. , Lioux Thierry , Sancho David , Pérouzel Eric , Vercellone Alain , Prandi Jacques , Gilleron Martine , Tiraby Gérard , Nigou Jérôme 
Published: February 2017

Significance
For many years, the development of adjuvants—compounds that boost the immunogenicity of vaccines—has been an empirical process. Adjuvants inducing a strong humoral immunity are available, but adjuvants directing the development of robust cellular immune responses are still needed. Recently, the C-type lectin receptor Mincle was found to elicit such responses on the recognition of microbial glycolipids, thereby providing a basis for the rational design of new adjuvants. Here we used a multidisciplinary approach, combining chemical synthesis, biology, and molecular modeling to decipher the molecular bases of ligand recognition by the receptor. This led us to synthesize new compounds inducing stronger immune responses than the currently available Mincle ligands that represent new powerful adjuvant molecules.
Intragenic CpG islands play important roles in bivalent chromatin assembly of developmental genes
Authors: Lee Sun-Min , Lee Jungwoo , Noh Kyung-Min , Choi Won-Young , Jeon Sejin , Oh Goo Taeg , Kim-Ha Jeongsil , Jin Yoonhee , Cho Seung-Woo , Kim Young-Joon 
Published: February 2017

Significance
The decision-making process of cellular phenotype specification is controlled by the interplay between genetic and epigenetic elements. Intragenic CGIs (iCGIs) associated with developmental regulators have sequence features that favor DNA methylation and bivalent histone modification, i.e., both activating histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation and repressing H3K27me3 marks. The epigenetic transition from bivalent modification to DNA methylation on iCGIs during differentiation results in cell type-specific activation of their associated genes. This process is accompanied by loss of physical interactions with promoter regions, and the motifs of developmental regulators are enriched at iCGIs, indicating involvement of these regulators in the epigenetic transition. Our work uncovers the role of iCGIs in cell type-specific differentiation.
Single-neuron identification of chemical constituents, physiological changes, and metabolism using mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhu Hongying , Zou Guichang , Wang Ning , Zhuang Meihui , Xiong Wei , Huang Guangming 
Published: February 2017

SignificanceWe anticipate that our proposed single-neuron mass spectrometry technology may provide not only the possibility to study single-cell metabolism, but also the chance to investigate chemical changes in the content and metabolism of intracellular small molecules at the single-cell level during physiological processes, such as growth and development, or pathological processes, such as depression, dementia, inflammation, cancer, and other diseases.
Ancient X chromosomes reveal contrasting sex bias in Neolithic and Bronze Age Eurasian migrations
Authors: Goldberg Amy , Günther Torsten , Rosenberg Noah A. , Jakobsson Mattias 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Studies of differing female and male demographic histories on the basis of ancient genomes can provide insight into the social structures and cultural interactions during major events in human prehistory. We consider the sex-specific demography of two of the largest migrations in recent European prehistory. Using genome-wide ancient genetic data from multiple Eurasian populations spanning the last 10,000 years, we find no evidence of sex-biased migrations from Anatolia, despite the shift to patrilocality associated with the spread of farming. In contrast, we infer a massive male-biased migration from the steppe during the late Neolithic and Bronze Age. The contrasting patterns of sex-specific migration during these two migrations suggest that different sociocultural processes drove the two events.
Hypermutation signature reveals a slippage and realignment model of translesion synthesis by Rev3 polymerase in cisplatin-treated yeast
Authors: Segovia Romulo , Shen Yaoqing , Lujan Scott A. , Jones Steven J. M. , Stirling Peter C. 
Published: February 2017

Significance
Cancer cells often have defects in DNA repair and are killed effectively by drugs that damage DNA. However, surviving cells can acquire additional mutations after treatment with these genotoxic chemicals. Here we apply a simple model system to reveal synergy between specific DNA repair mutations and genotoxic drugs that occurs independently of fitness defects. Moreover, by analyzing the entire genome of a mutagenized cell population, we identify a signature of mutations that informs the mechanism of the translesion synthesis DNA damage tolerance pathway. Our work establishes a conceptual framework for predicting the mutational burden of cells surviving genotoxin treatment and adds to a growing list of examples supporting the utility of model organism mutation signature analysis for generating mechanistic insights.
Inhibition of α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors prevents chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Romero Haylie K. , Christensen Sean B. , Di Cesare Mannelli Lorenzo , Gajewiak Joanna , Ramachandra Renuka , Elmslie Keith S. , Vetter Douglas E. , Ghelardini Carla , Iadonato Shawn P. , Mercado Jose L. , Olivera Baldomera M. , McIntosh J. Michael 
Published: February 2017

Significance
This study addresses the need to phase out opioids as the major analgesic drugs for moderate to severe chronic pain. We establish that a highly selective and potent inhibitor of the α9α10 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtype prevents the expression of chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain. Thus, selective antagonists of the α9α10 nAChR are potential leads for nonopioid analgesic drug development. The effects of inhibitors of the α9α10 receptor, together with genetic studies, suggest a key role for the α9α10 nAChR subtype in an intercellular signaling network that can be activated by diverse insults (e.g., chemotherapy, nerve injury, and diabetes).
A Method to Consistently Approach the Target Total Fishing Fraction of Pacific Sardine and Other Internationally Exploited Fish Stocks
Authors: Demer David A. , Zwolinski Juan P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The “northern” stock of Pacific Sardine Sardinops sagax is fished by Mexico, the USA, and Canada. Without an international management agreement, the U.S. Pacific Fishery Management Council prorates its target total fishing fraction (F) in its harvest control rule (HCR) by 0.87. This is the proportion of the stock that it deemed in 1998 to be present, on average, during summer–fall 1964–1992 in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone. However, the portion of the stock in U.S. waters is variable, depending on the environment and stock biomass and demographics. Furthermore, irrespective of the stock distribution, the combined foreign and U.S. landings may exceed those determined by an F of 0.15, potentially reducing the stock biomass and yield. This occurred each year during 2001–2014, and the F (mean = 0.22; SD = 0.06) trended upward. To more consistently approximate the target F, a method was proposed to set harvest quotas with accounting for predicted foreign landings. We refined the method by adding a prediction error term and showed that the U.S. HCR, solved with predicted foreign landings and stock biomass from each annual assessment in 2001–2014, better stabilized F about the target F relative to the historical values (original method: mean = 0.16, SD = 0.02; new method: mean = 0.16, SD = 0.05). We also compared the historical F (mean = 0.18, SD = 0.07) and optimized F (original method: mean = 0.16, SD = 0.06; new method: mean = 0.17, SD = 0.08) calculated using updated biomass estimates from the 2013 assessment. Results showed that irrespective of the assessment and its assumptions, quotas that were optimized with respect to F better approached the target F-value. Although the new method reduces bias due to trend in the foreign landings, its performance may be less precise than the original method if—as recently occurred—the assessments are significantly revised and the stock migration is abruptly abbreviated.
Density-Dependent Growth in Atlantic Menhaden: Impacts on Current Management
Authors: Schueller Amy M. , Williams Erik H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Biological reference points (BRPs) are used to determine stock status and set management regulations. While BRPs rely on equilibrium life history data, conditions are not static, and density dependence can play a role. Our objective was to determine the relationship between recruitment strength (i.e., density) and mean length and weight at age for Atlantic Menhaden Brevoortia tyrannus in order to assess the impacts on BRP calculations used for management. Recruitment was tested for autocorrelation and related to time-varying mean lengths and weights at age. Spawning potential ratio (SPR) and yield per recruit (Y/R) benchmarks were calculated across a range of fishing mortality rates, F, and recruitment. Recruitment was autocorrelated and negatively related to mean lengths and weights at age. Both SPR and Y/R were not static under nonequilibrium assumptions about recruitment. To maintain SPR with recruitment increased above equilibrium, F would decrease, while maintaining Y/R would require increased F to maintain yield. Tracking recruitment gives managers the ability to track the population and its ability to withstand F in the short term and to make timely management decisions. Changes in life history information over time should be incorporated into BRP calculations and benchmarks, as opposed to it being equilibrium based, in order to ensure sustainability of the population while maximizing harvest.
Received May 9, 2016; accepted November 5, 2016 Published online February 22, 2017
Characterization of high hydrostatic pressure-injured Bacillus subtilis cells*
Authors: Inaoka Takashi , Kimura Keitarou , Morimatsu Kazuya , Yamamoto Kazutaka 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) affects various cellular processes. Using a sporulation-deficient Bacillus subtilis strain, we characterized the properties of vegetative cells subjected to HHP. When stationary-phase cells were exposed to 250 MPa of HHP for 10 min at 25 °C, approximately 50% of cells were viable, although they exhibited a prolonged growth lag. The HHP-injured cells autolyzed in the presence of NaCl or KCl (at concentrations ≥100 mM). Superoxide dismutase slightly protected the viability of HHP-treated cells, whereas vegetative catalases had no effect. Thus, unlike HHP-injured Escherichia coli, oxidative stress only slightly affected vegetative B. subtilis subjected to HHP.