bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonochemical Synthesis of PMMA/Cloisite 30B Nanocomposites: A Mechanistic Investigation
Authors: Poddar Maneesh Kumar , Sharma Sachin , Moholkar Vijayanand S. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryThis study attempts to gain mechanistic insight into the influence of ultrasound and cavitation in synthesis of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and its nanocomposite using the organo‐modified Cloisite 30B clay. A statistical design of experiments (Central Composite Design with Response Surface Methodology) has been used to find optimum values of quantities of monomer (15 g), initiator (0.75 g) and surfactant (0.87 g) in the synthesis of neat PMMA in 60 mL of total reaction volume. Using these optimized values, the nanocomposites have been synthesized using varying concentrations of clay. Characterization of the nanocomposites was done with standard techniques of XRD, FTIR, DSC, TGA, particle size analysis, zeta potential, SEM and TEM. The nanocomposites have been revealed to have better thermal properties (maximum degradation temperature of 277°C at T5% and glass transition temperature of 120°C at 2% clay loading) as compared to neat PMMA. The results have been explained on the basis of basic physical and chemical principles of ultrasound and cavitation. The physical effect of ultrasound and cavitation of generation of intense microturbulence in the system has been revealed to play major role in the process rather than the chemical effect of generation of radicals.
Malignant Subthalamic Nucleus‐Deep Brain Stimulation Withdrawal Syndrome in Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Rajan Roopa , Krishnan Syam , Kesavapisharady Krishna Kumar , Kishore Asha 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbrupt cessation of STN‐DBS is an under‐recognized cause of life‐threatening akinetic crisis in Parkinson's disease (PD) and can present as a movement disorder emergency. We report on 2 patients who survived severe and prolonged akinetic crisis after abrupt cessation of STN stimulation for PD (malignant STN‐DBS withdrawal syndrome). We discuss the clinical similarities and possible differences in pathophysiology from the akinetic crisis in medically‐treated PD. Although early implantable pulse generator (IPG) replacement is the definitive treatment, medical and economic considerations may preclude early surgery and strategies for medical management assume importance. We reflect upon the socioeconomic concerns surrounding DBS in countries lacking health care coverage and the need for user‐independent monitors and indicators of low IPG battery status.
Convection‐permitting models: a step‐change in rainfall forecasting
Authors: Clark Peter , Roberts Nigel , Lean Humphrey , Ballard Susan P. , Charlton‐Perez Cristina 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTConvection‐permitting models (CPMs) have provided weather forecasting centres with a step‐change in capabilities for forecasting rainfall. They are now used operationally to forecast precipitation in many parts of the world, including the UK. CPMs are models in which the dynamics of atmospheric convection is treated with sufficient accuracy in order to make it viable to switch off convection parametrization. This review describes the current state‐of‐the‐art in operational CPM‐based numerical weather prediction (NWP), primarily within the UK, and the historical development of CPMs. The characteristics of CPM systems and forecasts are highlighted and placed in an international context to recognize similar trends and highlight some differences. It is shown that the realism of CPM‐based forecasts can provide improved subjective guidance on convection, and, when measured on appropriate scales, can improve rainfall forecasting skill compared to coarser‐resolution NWP. Data assimilation techniques used with operational CPMs are reviewed and given historical context. Examples of new types of observations that may increase the skill of forecasts from improved initial conditions are discussed. CPM‐based nowcasting systems are shown to provide considerable improvements in short‐range forecasts of rapidly developing, intense systems. As a result, these CPM‐based systems provide a new forecasting capability. Finally, the development of CPMs has also required new techniques to verify forecasts and define their skill. These have revealed that the lack of predictability of the smallest scales involving convection means that ensemble techniques are required to represent forecast uncertainty, resulting in a new capability to provide objective forecast probabilities of local precipitation.
Level product form QSF processes and an analysis of queues with Coxian interarrival distribution
Authors: Ertiningsih Dwi , Katehakis Michael N. , Smit Laurens C. , Spieksma Flora M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this article, we study a class of Quasi‐Skipfree (QSF) processes where the transition rate submatrices in the skipfree direction have a column times row structure. Under homogeneity and irreducibility assumptions we show that the stationary distributions of these processes have a product form as a function of the level. For an application, we will discuss the
‐queue that can be modeled as a QSF process on a two‐dimensional state space. In addition, we study the properties of the stationary distribution and derive monotonicity of the mean number of the customers in the queue, their mean sojourn time and the variance as a function of for fixed mean arrival rate. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logisticsxs 66:57–72, 2019
The Effect of Breakfast in the Classroom on Obesity and Academic Performance: Evidence from New York City
Authors: Corcoran Sean P. , Elbel Brian , Schwartz Amy Ellen 
Published: March 2016

AbstractParticipation in the federally subsidized school breakfast program often falls well below its lunchtime counterpart. To increase take‐up, many districts have implemented Breakfast in the Classroom (BIC), offering breakfast directly to students at the start of the school day. Beyond increasing participation, advocates claim BIC improves academic performance, attendance, and engagement. Others caution BIC has deleterious effects on child weight. We use the implementation of BIC in New York City (NYC) to estimate its impact on meals program participation, body mass index (BMI), achievement, and attendance. While we find large effects on participation, our findings provide no evidence of hoped‐for gains in academic performance, or of feared increases in obesity. The policy case for BIC will depend upon reductions in hunger and food insecurity for disadvantaged children, or its longer‐term effects.
Amphiphilic linear–hyperbranched polymer poly(ethylene glycol)–branched polyethylenimine–poly(ϵ‐caprolactone): synthesis, self‐assembly and application as stabilizer of platinum nanoparticles
Authors: Dai Yu , Zhang Xiaojin , Zhuo Renxi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAmphiphilic linear–hyperbranched polymer poly(ethylene glycol)–branched polyethylenimine–poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) (PEG‐PEI‐PCL) was synthesized by progressively conjugating PEG (one chain) and PCL (multi‐chains) to PEI (hyperbranched architecture) with a yield of 87%. PEG‐PEI‐PCL forms nano‐sized uniform spherical micelles by self‐assembly in water. The micelles had an average diameter of 56 nm determined using dynamic light scattering and 35 nm observed from transmission electron microscopy images. PEG‐PEI‐PCL was used as a stabilizer of platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) for the first time. The particle diameter of PEG‐PEI‐PCL‐stabilized PtNPs was 7.8 ± 1.4 nm. Amphiphilic (hydrophilic–hydrophilic–hydrophobic) and hyperbranched (linear–hyperbranched–grafted) structures enabled PtNPs to effectively stabilize and disperse in liquid‐phase synthesis. The highly disperse PtNPs in PEG‐PEI‐PCL micelles improved the catalytic activity for the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol with a catalytic yield of near 100%. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of Nano‐Co3O4 in HTPB‐Based Composite Propellant Formulations
Authors: Kshirsagar Dhirendra R. , Jain Sunil , Jawalkar Shekhar N. , Naik Nilesh H. , Pawar Suman , Maurya Mehilal 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDifferent propellant compositions were prepared by incorporating nano‐sized cobalt oxide from 0.25 % to 1 % in HTPB/AP/Al‐based composite propellant formulations with 86 % solid loading. The effects on viscosity build‐up, thermal, mechanical and ballistic properties were studied. The findings revealed that by increasing the percentage of nano‐Co3O4 in the composition, the end of mix viscosity, the modulus and the tensile strength increased, whereas the elongation decreased accordingly. The thermal property data envisaged a reduction in the decomposition temperature of ammonium perchlorate (AP) as well as formulations based on AP. The ballistic property data revealed an enhanced burning rate from 6.11 mm s−1 (reference composition) to 8.99 mm s−1 at 6.86 MPa and a marginal increase in pressure exponent from 0.35 (reference composition) to 0.42 with 1 % nano‐cobalt oxide.
Congratulations John Grant!
Authors: Artyushkova Kateryna 
Published: March 2016

With this special issue, we are celebrating the outstanding career of John Grant, who is retiring from both his roles as SIA North‐American Editor and his affiliation with the University of Dayton Research Institute and the Air Force Materials Lab.We open this issue with a personal note from the Air Force Research Laboratory written by Neil Murphy. This note is followed by an essay by several of John's surface analysis colleagues, highlighting the professionalism that has been one of the hallmarks of John's career. We are all indebted to John for conveying the importance of true professionalism through his teaching, journal editorship and numerous other contributions to the surface analysis community. John's many professional activities and awards are summarized below.
Very high gravity ethanol and fatty acid production of Zymomonas mobilis without amino acid and vitamin
Authors: Wang Haoyong , Cao Shangzhi , Wang William Tianshuo , Wang Kaven Tianyv , Jia Xianhui 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Very high gravity (VHG) fermentation is the mainstream technology in ethanol industry, which requires the strains be resistant to multiple stresses such as high glucose concentration, high ethanol concentration, high temperature and harsh acidic conditions. To our knowledge, it was not reported previously that any ethanol-producing microbe showed a high performance in VHG fermentations without amino acid and vitamin. Here we demonstrate the engineering of a xylose utilizing recombinant Zymomonas mobilis for VHG ethanol fermentations. The recombinant strain can produce ethanol up to 136 g/L without amino acid and vitamin with a theoretical yield of 90 %, which is significantly superior to that produced by all the reported ethanol-producing strains. The intracellular fatty acids of the bacterial were about 16 % of the bacterial dry biomass, with the ratio of ethanol:fatty acids was about 273:1 (g/g). The recombinant strain was achieved by a multivariate-modular strategy tackles with the multiple stresses which are closely linked to the ethanol productivity of Z. mobilis. The over-expression of metB/yfdZ operon enabled the growth of the recombinant Z. mobilis in a chemically defined medium without amino acid and vitamin; and the fatty acids overproduction significantly increased ethanol tolerance and ethanol production. The coupled production of ethanol with fatty acids of the Z. mobilis without amino acid and vitamin under VHG fermentation conditions may permit a significant reduction of the production cost of ethanol and microbial fatty acids.
Mental health benefits of outdoor adventures: Results from two pilot studies
Authors: Mutz Michael , Müller Johannes 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates potential mental health benefits of outdoor and adventure education programs. It is argued that experiences made in successful programs can increase self‐efficacy, mindfulness and subjective well‐being. Furthermore, programs may reduce feelings of time pressure and mental stress amongst participants. Evidence comes from two pilot studies: In the school project “Crossing the Alps” (Study 1), 14‐year‐old participants reported an increase in life satisfaction, mindfulness and a decrease in the PSQ Subscale ‘demand’ after a successful nine‐day hike through the German, Austrian, and Italian Alps. In the university project “Friluftsliv” (Study 2) participants scored higher in life satisfaction, happiness, mindfulness, and self‐efficacy and lower in perceived stress after having spent eight days in the wilderness of the Norwegian Hardangervidda region, miles away from the next locality. The findings suggest that outdoor education and wilderness programs can foster mental health in youths and young adults.
The writing on the wall? John Ingram’s verse and the dissemination of Catholic prison writing
Authors: Shell Alison 
Published: March 2016

The strong association between prison writing and writing on walls, whether by graffiti or carving, is as true of Tudor and Stuart England as of other times and places. Yet even if prison-writers associated themselves with the idea of writing on a wall, they need not have done so in reality. This article considers the topos in the writings and afterlife of the Catholic priest, poet and martyr John Ingram, and asks whether it is to be taken at face value.Ingram’s verse, composed in Latin and mostly epigrammatic, survives in two contemporary manuscripts. The notion that the author carved his verses with a blunt knife on the walls of the Tower of London while awaiting death derives from a previous editorial interpretation of a prefatory sentence within the more authoritative manuscript of the two, traditionally held to be autograph. However, though several Tudor and Stuart inscriptions survive to this day on the walls of the Tower of London, no portions of Ingram’s verse are among them, nor any inscriptions of similar length and complexity. Ingram might instead have written his verse down in the usual way, using wall-carving as a metaphor for the difficulty of writing verse when undergoing incarceration and torture.1
Limbic Encephalitis Associated With GAD65 Antibodies: Brief Review of the Relevant literature
Authors: Gagnon Maude-Marie , Savard Martin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRecently, many cases of autoimmune limbic encephalitis with positive GAD65 (glutamic acid decarboxylase) antibodies have been described in the scientific literature. However, it remains an understudied topic of great relevance to practicing neurologists. Thus, we report here a review of published cases, in English, of autoimmune limbic encephalitis with this type of antibodies, focusing on presenting symptoms and signs, associated conditions, and findings upon investigation. We also report treatment responses. We aim to offer a better description of the clinical spectrum of autoimmune limbic encephalitis associated with GAD65 antibodies as well as to expose its paraclinical features and outcome.
A sensitivity study of annual area change for Greenland ice sheet marine terminating outlet glaciers: 1999–2013
Authors: JENSEN TRINE S. , BOX JASON E. , HVIDBERG CHRISTINE S. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe mass flux from marine terminating glacier outlets from the Greenland ice sheet is a significant mass budget term. Yet, glacier calving sensitivity to climate parameters is not well understood. In this study, the front area changes of 42 marine terminating Greenland outlet glaciers were measured annually from 1999 to 2013 using optical satellite imagery. Thirty-five glaciers retreated, while seven remained stable. The average front position change was −240 m a−1 and the total rate of front area change was −114 km2 a−1. The yearly average area changes of all measured glaciers are compared with interannual variations in sea surface temperature (SST), sea-ice concentration (SIC), surface melt, Northern Hemisphere (NH) surface air temperatures and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. We find: (1) northwestern glaciers area change have a significant correlation with surface melt and NH land temperature variations; (2) southeastern glaciers have a significant correlation with local SST, SIC and NH temperatures; and (3) southwestern glaciers area change correlate significantly with local SST and NAO index. We conclude that a climate sensitivity signal emerges considering a population of glaciers. Further, we find a significant correlation between the date of minimum extent and glacier latitude. Area change data are available from http://GAC.geus.dk.
The Evolution of Self-Gravitating Accretion Discs
Authors: Rice Ken 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIt is quite likely that self-gravity will play an important role in the evolution of accretion discs, in particular, those around young stars, and those around supermassive black holes. We summarise, here, our current understanding of the evolution of such discs, focussing more on discs in young stellar system, than on discs in active galactic nuclei. We consider the conditions under which such discs may fragment to form bound objects, and when they might, instead, be expected to settle into a quasi-steady, self-regulated state. We also discuss how this understanding may depend on the mass of the disc relative to the mass of the central object, and how it might depend on the presence of external irradiation. Additionally, we consider whether or not fragmentation might be stochastic, where we might expect it to occur in an actual protostellar disc, and if there is any evidence for fragmentation actually playing a role in the formation of planetary-mass bodies. Although there are still a number of outstanding issue, such as the convergence of simulations of self-gravitating discs, whether or not there is more than one mode of fragmentation, and quite what role self-gravitating discs may play in the planet-formation process, our general understanding of these systems seems quite robust.
The effects of familism on intended care arrangements in the process of preparing for future care among one-child parents in urban China
Authors: SONG YAJUN , YAN ELSIE C. W. , SÖRENSEN SILVIA 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTGuided by Sörensen and Pinquart's model of preparation for future care, this study investigated the relationship between familism and intended care arrangements. Ordinal logistic regression was performed on a sample of 516 urban Chinese one-child parents aged 45–65 with an equal gender ratio to examine the associations between five care expectations, familism (filial obligation and child gender) and future care planning constructs (awareness, information gathering and avoidance). Awareness and information gathering were positively associated with service-focused care arrangements. Avoidant planners were more inclined to rely on adult children. Participants with a stronger filial obligation had greater expectations for ageing at home with the aid of a spouse, siblings or helper. Child gender was not significantly associated with intended care arrangements. The model of preparation for future care was useful when predicting service-focused care arrangements. Familism was a powerful predictor of family-focused care arrangements. Females were more likely to rely on children regardless of child gender but less likely to rely on spouses and siblings. The study enriches researchers' understanding of urban Chinese older adults' intended care arrangements in the context of fading familism and single-child families.
The rationale behind the concept of goal
Authors: GOVERNATORI GUIDO , OLIVIERI FRANCESCO , SCANNAPIECO SIMONE , ROTOLO ANTONINO , CRISTANI MATTEO 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe paper proposes a fresh look at the concept of goal and advances that motivational attitudes like desire, goal and intention are just facets of the broader notion of (acceptable) outcome. We propose to encode the preferences of an agent as sequences of “alternative acceptable outcomes”. We then study how the agent's beliefs and norms can be used to filter the mental attitudes out of the sequences of alternative acceptable outcomes. Finally, we formalise such intuitions in a novel Modal Defeasible Logic and we prove that the resulting formalisation is computationally feasible.
Computer Programs for Calculating Atomic Data For Ions
Authors: Eissner W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis report is a continuation of the preceding review talk. I shall describe general purpose computer programs that have been developed in Professor Seaton’s group at University College London. Other speakers will present results produced with them.The programs require a minimum of input. General purpose means; not restricted to one ion or just one isoelectronic sequence. High speed is achieved by using approximations suitable for medium and highly ionized light atoms. The programs allow fully for configuration mixing, which plays an important role in ion calculations. Equations in M. J. Seaton’s review will be referred to as (S.number).
Surface Composition and Cooling Histories of Neutron Stars
Authors: Cameron A. G. W. 
Published: March 2016

One of the major questions which has been raised with the rotating neutron star model of pulsars, is whether cosmic rays can be produced by the pulsar phenomenon through the acceleration of the surface material of neutron stars. It is therefore very instructive to review the calculations which have been made on the surface structure and cooling histories of neutron stars.Figure 1 shows a diagram of the interior of a neutron star, one of a sequence of models calculated by Cohen et al. (1970). In this diagram the radii of the various parts of the model are to scale. The total radius of the model is 13.7 km. Over a fairly large range of distance downwards from the surface, ions and electrons also put in an appearance, and below that there is a still narrower strip where protons coexist with the ions, electrons, and neutrons. Below this the ions disappear, and at still greater depths mu mesons put in an appearance. Finally, near the center of the star, the calculations indicated that other hyperons probably appear.The region containing the ions can be expected to form a crystalline solid, except in the outer fringes of the atmosphere, where thermal effects and the relatively small pressure will vaporize any crystals.
Solar and Interplanetary Magnetic Fields and Plasmas
Authors: Wilcox John M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA few recent observations of interplanetary fields and plasmas are discussed, including the evolution over several years of the longitudinal sector pattern, the corotating filamentary structure that exists within the sectors, guiding of solar cosmic rays along such magnetic filaments, a field-aligned thermal anisotropy of the plasma, and a small component of corotating plasma velocity observed at 1 AU. The solar wind plasma streaming past spacecraft near 1 AU contains a large amount of information about the detailed structure of the Sun.
Results from Detailed Studies of X-Ray Sources
Authors: Giacconi R. 
Published: March 2016

Since the results of early surveys revealed the existence of cosmic X-ray sources (Giacconi and Gursky, 1965), the major effort of X-ray astronomy has been devoted to the investigation of their nature. With the exception of the X-ray source in the Crab Nebula (Bowyer et al., 1964), an object well known prior to the discovery of its X-ray emission, the galactic X-ray sources which have been observed do not appear to coincide with conspicuous visible or radio objects.The attempt to study their nature has proceeded along two main directions:(a) Accurate determinations of celestial coordinates for the X-ray emitters permit the identification of their visible and radio counterparts. When a likely candidate is discovered, the techniques of optical astronomy yield information regarding the spectrum, size, distance, temporal variations and polarization of the radiation emitted by the object.(b) The properties of the X-ray emitter are investigated by careful measurement of the angular size of the X-ray emitting region, its detailed spectrum and its polarization and variability.