bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Connectives as indicators of explicitation in literary
translation
Authors: Marco Josep 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This study aims to answer three questions: (1) whether there are differences in
the frequency of use of connectives between translated and non-translated
Catalan literary texts; (2) whether these differences (if they exist) are
sensitive to the type of semantic relation conveyed; and (3) to what extent they
are due to explicitation or other factors. Quantitative analysis reveals that
there is no significant difference in the overall frequency of occurrence of
connectives in translations and non-translations, but the behaviour of
connectives in translations is sensitive to the type of semantic relation
conveyed. Moreover, the higher frequency of connectives expressing consequence
in translations seems to be related to explicitation. Qualitative analysis
suggests that explicitation is strongly associated with two factors: the
semantic relation conveyed by the connective being part of the common ground
shared by participants, and the predominance of the procedural function of the
connective.
Blackberries: an introduction.
Authors: Hummer K. E. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This chapter provides information on the classification and distribution of blackberries (Rubus), and discusses how the Latin name of blackberry species affects international trade. It also provides an introduction to the book, which reports on developments in the blackberry industry. The book, which contains 17 chapters, provides a comprehensive yet concise reference for horticulture students, blackberry growers, producers, and fruit industry personnel looking for the latest production information.
Blackberry fruit quality components, composition, and potential health benefits.
Authors: Lee JungMin Lee JungMin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Blackberry fruit contains dietary fibre, vitamins, and minerals, along with phenolic metabolites that are likely to promote good health in humans. This chapter describes the components, such as sugars and organic acids, anthocyanins, phenolic monomers and polymers, as well as additional quality components that are found in this fruit. A summary is provided of distinct primary and secondary metabolites crucial to blackberry quality. Blackberry fruit make an excellent contribution to human health, providing a source of antioxidants and fibre, which is a healthy addition to a balanced diet.
Nursery production of plants.
Authors: Tzanetakis I. E. , Martin R. R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Many pathogens infect blackberries (Rubus). These diseases may kill plants or at the least reduce yields. New plantations should begin with certified pathogen-negative stocks. This chapter describes the procedure for establishing a clean foundation plant material and presents guidelines for blackberry nursery stock. It focus on the available processes for virus elimination (i.e. thermo-, chemo- and cryotherapy) as well as the best management practices in a nursery setting to safeguard plants and guarantee the best material possible for the end user, allowing for profitable and sustainable production.
Propagation of blackberries and related Rubus species.
Authors: Reed B. , Poothong S. , Hall H. K. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This chapter discusses traditional propagation methods as well as micropropagation protocols, which are primarily used today, of blackberry (Rubus) species and cultivars. Micropropagation protocols include several stages of plant growth: initiation, propagation and rooting. Nursery companies using these techniques produce millions of blackberry plants annually. The step-by-step procedures for micropropagation of Rubus plants are described, and recent adjustments to standard growth media and plant growth regulators are mentioned.
Site preparation, soil management, and planting.
Authors: Pritts M. , Hanson E. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the importance of the treatment and management of the site and soil before planting in improving the growth and productivity of blackberries. Some factors that need to be considered prior to blackberry cultivation, such as the soil physical, chemical and biological properties, soil quality and field layout, are presented. The importance of the proper selection of blackberry planting stock to increase production is also discussed.
Soil and water management.
Authors: Funt R. C. , Ross D. S. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

This chapter focuses on the benefits of the development of a management plan for the location of the infrastructure for the water supply and how water is to be applied to different soil types prior to blackberry cultivation. The importance of soil management in maintaining fertility, minimizing erosion of the topsoil and maintaining good soil structure with minimum tillage is discussed and the role of water management in maintaining adequate soil moisture for producing an optimal canopy for maximum fruit production is highlighted.
Low Levels of Immunoglobulins and Mannose-Binding Lectin Are Not Associated With Etiology, Severity, or Outcome in Community-Acquired Pneumonia
Authors: Siljan William W , Holter Jan C , Nymo Ståle H , Husebye Einar , Ueland Thor , Skattum Lillemor , Bosnes Vidar , Garred Peter , Frøland Stig S , Mollnes Tom E , Aukrust Pål , Heggelund Lars 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundDisease severity and outcome in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) depend on the host and on the challenge of the causal microorganism(s). We measured levels of immunoglobulins (Igs) and complement in 257 hospitalized adults with CAP and examined the association of low levels of Igs or complement to microbial etiology, disease severity, and short-term and long-term outcome.MethodsSerum Igs were analyzed in blood samples obtained at admission and at 6 weeks postdischarge if admission levels were low. Serum complement deficiencies were screened with a total complement activity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), with further analyzes performed if justified. Disease severity was assessed by the CURB-65 severity score. Short-term outcome was defined as a composite end point of intensive care unit (ICU) admission and 30-day mortality, and long-term outcome as 5-year all-cause mortality.ResultsAt admission, 87 (34%) patients had low levels of at least 1 Ig, with low IgG2 as the most prevalent finding (55/21%). IgG levels were lower in bacterial than viral CAP (8.48 vs 9.97 g/L, P = .023), but low Igs were not associated with microbial etiology. Fifty-five (21%) patients had low lectin pathway activity, of which 33 (13%) were mannose-binding lectin (MBL) deficient. Low admission levels of any Ig or MBL were not associated with disease severity, short-term outcome, or long-term outcome. Excluding patients defined as immunocompromised from analysis did not substantially affect these results.ConclusionIn hospitalized adults with CAP, low admission levels of Igs or complement were in general not associated with microbial etiology, disease severity, short-term outcome, or long-term outcome.
Radiatively-suppressed spherical accretion under relativistic radiative transfer
Authors: Fukue Jun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe numerically examine radiatively-suppressed relativistic spherical accretion flows on to a central object with mass M under Newtonian gravity and special relativity. We simultaneously solve both the relativistic radiative transfer equation and the relativistic hydrodynamical equations for spherically symmetric flows under the double iteration process in the case of the intermediate optical depth. We find that the accretion flow is suppressed, compared with the freefall case in the nonrelativistic regime. For example, in the case of accretion on to a luminous core with accretion luminosity L*, the freefall velocity v normalized by the speed of light c under the radiative force in the nonrelativistic regime is $\beta (\hat{r}) = v/c = -\sqrt{(1-\Gamma _*)/(\hat{r}+1-\Gamma _*)}$, where Γ* (≡ L*/LE, LE being the Eddington luminosity) is the Eddington parameter and $\hat{r}$ (= r/rS, rS being the Schwarzschild radius) the normalized radius, whereas the infall speed at the central core is ∼0.7β(1), irrespective of the mass-accretion rate. This is due to the relativistic effect; the comoving flux is enhanced by the advective flux. We briefly examine and discuss an isothermal case, where the emission takes place in the entire space.
Periodontal disease in children with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Wooton Angela K. , Melchior Lynne M. , Coan Lorinda L. , Reddington Amanda R. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract:
Collaborative efforts between health team members can advance early detection of children with elevated blood glucose levels, preventing hyperglycemia and periodontal diseases. Rates of obesity are increasing in children, impacting the prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases. Collaborative care between nurse practitioners and dental hygienists can detect, prevent, and treat periodontal disease in children.
Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Smile Excursion in Facial Reanimation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 1- versus 2-stage Procedures
Authors: Natghian Hamidreza , Fransén Jian , Rozen Shai M. , Rodriguez-Lorenzo Andrés 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Free functional muscle transfer has become a common treatment modality for smile restoration in long-lasting facial paralysis, but the selection of surgical strategy between a 1-stage and a 2-stage procedure has remained a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to compare the quantitative and qualitative outcomes of smile excursion between 1-stage and 2-stage free muscle transfers in the literature.

Methods:
A comprehensive review of the published literature between 1975 and end of January 2017 was conducted.

Results:
The abstracts or titles of 2,743 articles were screened. A total of 24 articles met our inclusion criteria of performing a quantitative or qualitative evaluation of a free-functioning muscle transfer for smile restoration. For the purpose of meta-analysis, 7 articles providing quantitative data on a total of 254 patients were included. When comparing muscle excursion between 1-stage and 2-stage procedures, the average range of smile excursion was 11.5 mm versus 6.6 mm, respectively. For the purpose of systematic review, 17 articles were included. The result of the systematic review suggested a tendency toward superior functional results for the 1-stage procedure when comparing the quality of smile.

Conclusions:
The results of this review must be interpreted with great caution. Quantitative analysis suggests that 1-stage procedures produce better excursion than 2-stage procedures. Qualitative analysis suggests that 1-stage procedures might also produce superior results when based on excursion and symmetry alone, but these comparisons do not include one important variable dictating the quality of a smile—the spontaneity of the smile. The difficulty in comparing published results calls for a consensus classification system for facial palsy.
Candida Endophthalmitis After Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty With Grafts From Both Eyes of a Donor With Possible Systemic Candidiasis
Authors: Palioura Sotiria , Sivaraman Kavitha , Joag Madhura , Sise Adam , Batlle Juan F. , Miller Darlene , Espana Edgar M. , Amescua Guillermo , Yoo Sonia H. , Galor Anat , Karp Carol L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
To report 2 cases with late postoperative Candida albicans interface keratitis and endophthalmitis after Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) with corneal grafts originating from a single donor with a history of presumed pulmonary candidiasis.

Methods:
Two patients underwent uncomplicated DSAEK by 2 corneal surgeons at different surgery centers but with tissue from the same donor and were referred to the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute with multifocal infiltrates at the graft–host cornea interface 6 to 8 weeks later, and anterior chamber cultures that were positive for the same genetic strain of C. albicans. Immediate explantation of DSAEK lenticules and daily intracameral and instrastromal voriconazole and amphotericin injections failed to control the infection. Thus, both patients underwent therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty with intraocular lens explantation, pars plana vitrectomy, and serial postoperative intraocular antifungal injection.

Results:
Both patients are doing well at 2 years postoperatively with best-corrected vision of 20/20 and 20/30+ with rigid gas permeable lenses. One patient required repeat optical penetrating keratoplasty and glaucoma tube implantation 1 year after the original surgery. Literature review reveals that donor lenticule explantation and intraocular antifungals are often inadequate to control fungal interface keratitis, and a therapeutic graft is commonly needed.

Conclusions:
Interface fungal keratitis and endophthalmitis due to infected donor corneal tissue is difficult to treat, and both recipients of grafts originating from the same donor are at risk of developing this challenging condition.
Assessment of bone mineral density in patients with cirrhosis treated with third-generation nucleos(t)ide analogues: comparison between tenofovir and entecavir
Authors: Tonon Marta , Piano Salvatore , Romano Antonietta , Fasolato Silvano , Stanco Marialuisa , Pilutti Chiara , Pontisso Patrizia , Mareso Sara , Gambino Carmine , Sartori Leonardo , Angeli Paolo 
Published: January 2018

Background and aim
Tenofovir and entecavir are nowadays the first-line treatment in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis. Both drugs were shown to be effective in HBV suppression and well tolerated. The effects of tenofovir on bone mineral density (BMD), however, were shown to worsen the rate of osteoporosis, which is already a common feature in cirrhosis. In contrast, entecavir seems to have no effect on mineral metabolism. The aim of our study was to compare the effects of nucleos(t)ide analogs on bone density in HBV-related cirrhosis.

Patients and methods
Fourty-eight patients were treated with tenofovir and 22 patients were treated with entecavir, and were followed prospectively from 2008 to 2013. To evaluate BMD, laboratory examinations, dual-X-ray absorptiometry, and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool were assessed.

Results
During the study, no difference was found between the two groups in the plasmatic concentration of calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, or creatinine. Dual-X-ray absorptiometry showed no difference in the T-score and Fracture Risk Assessment Tool showed no significant difference in the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fractures in the two groups. On univariate and multivariate analyses, the only predictors of osteoporosis development were the prognostic scores of liver disease and BMI.

Conclusion
Both tenofovir and entecavir are effective in treating HBV in cirrhotic patients. The known effects of tenofovir on BMD do not worsen osteoporotic fractures risk compared with entecavir in these patients.
Inflammation-based prognostic scores predict disease severity in patients with acute cholecystitis
Authors: Sato Noriko , Kinoshita Akiyoshi , Imai Nami , Akasu Takafumi , Yokota Takeharu , Iwaku Akira , Koike Kazuhiko , Saruta Masayuki 
Published: January 2018

Background
Although several investigators have reported that inflammation-based prognostic scores can predict disease severity in patients with various inflammatory diseases, whether or not these scores are associated with disease severity in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) has not yet been fully clarified.

Patients and methods
Two hundred and sixty-two patients with AC were reviewed retrospectively. We evaluated the correlations between demographic or clinical variables, including the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), and the C-reactive protein/albumin (CRP/Alb) ratio, as well as the disease severity grade on the basis of the revised Tokyo guidelines. Multivariate analyses were carried out to identify the clinical parameters associated with disease severity grade.

Results
The NLR (P<0.0001), GPS (P<0.0001), mGPS (P<0.0001), and CRP/Alb ratio (P<0.0001) were all elevated according to the severity grade. Multivariate analyses showed that the NLR [odds ratio (OR)=3.41–4.77; P<0.005], GPS (OR=2.49; P=0.012), mGPS (OR=2.79; P=0.005), and the CRP/Alb ratio (OR=12.53; P<0.0001) were associated independently with grade II/III AC. The value of the area under the curve of the CRP/Alb ratio (continuous 0.759) or NLR (continuous 0.753) was higher than that of other inflammation-based prognostic scores for diagnosing ≥grade II AC, grade III AC, respectively.

Conclusion
Inflammation-based prognostic scores could predict the severity grade independently in patients with AC. These scores may play a complementary role in predicting disease severity in patients with AC in conjunction with the Tokyo guidelines severity grade.
Protection of Inferior Alveolar Neurovascular Bundle in Alveolar Bone Operation
Authors: Zhang Wenhao , Chen Minjie , Yang Chi , Han Zixiang , Wei Wenbin , Chai Ying 
Published: January 2018

Purpose:
The aim of this study was to investigate the protection of the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle in alveolar bone operation in conditions such as chronic osteomyelitis and cementoma.

Patients and Methods:
The study enrolled 7 cases, 4 with chronic osteomyelitis and 3 with cementoma with pain. Computed tomography scan and 3-dimensional reconstruction were performed for the diseases. Data were processed by ProPlan CMF 1.3 software. The edge of lesion was defined and the inferior alveolar nerve was marked. Template was designed to guide the osteotomy line. Piezosurgery was used for osteotomy, with the avoidance of nerve canal. Current perception threshold (CPT) was performed to evaluate the nerve function after operation.

Results:
The CPT difference of the affected side before and after operation showed no statistically significant differences compared with that of the unaffected side (P = 0.0556).

Conclusions:
Digital template protects the inferior alveolar neurovascular bundle with the aid of piezosurgery during alveolar bone resection, which obtained satisfying clinical results. As powerful assistive tools of functional surgery, digital template and piezosurgery achieve both the purposes of treatment and function.
Reconstruction of a Compound Oromandibular Defect by Means of Chimeric Scapular–Parascapular Free Flap Assisted by Virtual Surgical Planning
Authors: Hernando Josué , Aguilar-Salvatierra Antonio , Leizaola-Cardesa Ignacio Osoitz , Rad Juan Antonio , Vicuña Amaya , Gómez Rafael , Martín Javier , Gómez-Moreno Gerardo 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Reconstruction of an oromandibular defect presents a considerable surgical challenge. But since the advent of microvascularized free flap reconstructive surgery, outcomes have improved significantly so that today almost any defect may be reconstructed. Recently, virtual surgical planning has reduced surgical time, the morbidity associated with surgery, and surgical precision.

Objective:
This article reports a complex patient with a composite oromandibular defect.

Methods:
The patient had undergone multiple surgeries with bad results. She presented an orostoma of 5 cm in diameter, osteoradionecrosis and fracture of the left mandibular body, and relapse in the ipsilateral posterior maxilla. Reconstruction was performed by means of a scapular/parascapular chimeric free flap. A customized reconstruction plate was designed virtually based on the mirror image of the contralateral mandibular body. Surgery and the postoperative phase passed without incident. The patient recovered vocal, swallowing, and respiratory function without any problems. At the end of a 1-year follow-up, no complications or tumor relapse had occurred.

Conclusions:
Composite defects are a surgical challenge in which free flap reconstruction is an evolution that has facilitated treatment and led to improved outcomes. Virtual treatment planning produces more exact results and greater control of surgical techniques.
Prescribing Trends of Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs in an Outpatient Unit of a Child and Adolescent Clinic in Turkey
Authors: Yektaş Çiğdem , Tufan Ali Evren 
Published: January 2018

Objective
Use of antipsychotic agents in the management of various psychopathologies in Child and Adolescent Psychiatric practice is gradually increasing. This study aimed to evaluate the sociodemographic and clinical features of children and adolescents who applied to an outpatient clinic of child and adolescent psychiatry department in Turkey and were prescribed atypical antipsychotics.

Method
Patients with prescription codes of ATC N05A (except N05AN lithium) were accepted to denote those with atypical antipsychotic treatment. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, pharmacological mechanisms and groups and use of multiple agents for 212 patients with atypical antipsychotic treatment were collected and recorded.

Results
Patients (6.6%) evaluated within a year were prescribed antipsychotic agents (APs). The majority of the sample consisted of adolescents and especially females. The most common diagnoses managed with atypical antipsychotic were attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, MDD, and mental retardation/intellectual disability in decreasing frequency. Males with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, CD, and autism spectrum disorders and females with MDD and PTSD were more frequently prescribed APs. Most common indications were irritability, impulsivity, and self-harming behaviors. Most common agents were risperidone, aripiprazole, and quetiapine in decreasing order of frequency. Most common adverse effects were reported as sedation, increased appetite, and hyperprolactinemia.

Conclusions
Our results support the prevalence of off-label use of AP agents in managing various childhood psychopathologies also in Turkey. Further studies from multiple centers and using reliable and valid measurements are needed to determine the extent and predictors of AP use in outpatient samples from different child and adolescent centers.
A Comprehensive Tool Set for Inducible, Cell Type-Specific Gene Expression in Arabidopsis
Authors: Schürholz Ann-Kathrin , Lopez-Salmeron Vadir , Li Zhenni , Forner Joachim , Wenzl Christian , Gaillochet Christophe , Augustin Sebastian , Barro Amaya Vilches , Fuchs Michael , Gebert Michael , Vermeer Joop E.M. , Lohmann Jan U. , Greb Thomas , Wolf Sebastian 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUnderstanding the context-specific role of gene function is a key objective of modern biology. To this end, we generated a resource for inducible cell-type specific trans-activation based on the well-established combination of the chimeric GR-LhG4 transcription factor and the syntheticpOppromoter. Harnessing the flexibility of the GreenGate cloning system, we produced a comprehensive set of GR-LhG4 driver lines targeting most tissues in theArabidopsisshoot and root with a strong focus on the indeterminate meristems. We show that, when combined with effectors under control of thepOppromoter, tight temporal and spatial control of gene expression is achieved. In particular, inducible expression in F1 plants obtained from crosses of driver and effector lines allows rapid assessment of the cell type-specific impact of an effector with high temporal resolution. Thus, our comprehensive and flexible toolbox is suited to overcome the limitations of ubiquitous genetic approaches, the outputs of which are often difficult to interpret due to widespread existence of compensatory mechanisms and the integration of diverging effects in different cell types.One sentence summary: A set of lines enabling spatio-temporal control of gene expression in Arabidopsis.