bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reviewing morphology of Quadriceps femoris muscle
Authors: Chavan S. , Wabale R. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Quadriceps is composite muscle of four portions rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, vastus medialis and vatus lateralis. It is inserted into patella through common tendon with three layered arrangement rectus femoris superficially, vastus lateralis and vatus medialis in the intermediate layer and vatus intermedius deep to it. Most literatures do not take into account its complex and variable morphology while describing the extensor mechanism of knee, and wide functional role it plays in stability of knee joint. It has been widely studied clinically, mainly individually in foreign context, but little attempt has been made to look into morphology of quadriceps group. The diverse functional aspect of quadriceps group, and the gap in the literature on morphological aspect particularly in our region what prompted us to review detail morphology of this group. Method: Study consisted dissection of 40 lower limbs (20 rights and 20 left) from 20 embalmed cadavers from Department of Anatomy Rural Medical College, PIMS Loni, Ahmednagar (M) India. Results: Rectus femoris was a separate entity in all the cases. Vastus medialis as well as vastus lateralis found to have two parts, as oblique and longus. Quadriceps group had variability in fusion between members of the group. The extent of fusion also varied greatly. The laminar arrangement of Quadriceps group found as bilaminar or trilaminar. The insertion level of vastus medialis and vastus lateralis on patella varied greatly. Vastus lateralis found to extent to whole extent of lateral border of patella. The extension of fibrous band like structure from lower horizontal fibers of vastus medialis to adductor tubercle also noticed in one case. Conclusion: There is wide variability in the quadriceps group of muscles that we came across, then believed. This variability in the quadriceps group might affect the stability of the knee joint but needs, to prove clinically. The inding may also help in the understanding the factors associated with anterior knee pain and its management.
Morphological and ultrastructural analysis of the teeth of guaiquica (Gracilinanus microtarsus, Wagner, 1842)
Authors: Lobo L. , Santos A. , Rosa R. , Carvalho A. , Costa G. , Mançanares C. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The guaiquica ( Gracilinanus microtarsus) is an omnivorous-frugivorous marsupial, which belongs to family Didelphidae and subfamily Didelphinae. By feeding on small fruits, it is a species of considerable ecological importance in seed dispersal of some plants. The teeth are calcified and have adapted anatomical structures, which exhibit morphological variation among vertebrates. They are important for the systematic and sometimes represent the only traces of extinct species, and may also assist the phylogenetic reconstruction of these species. Objective: In order to establish morphological patterns of the teeth of G. microtarsus, the establishment of dental formula of the species was performed. Materials and methods: We used macroscopic analysis, microstructural analysis by light microscopy and ultrastructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy in five G. microtarsus adults (n= 3 males and n= 2 females) were performed. Results and conclusion: We conclude that the dental formula of G. microtarsus (2x I 5/4 C1/1 P 3/3 M 4/4), totaling 50 teeth is similar to that described in opossum (Didelphis sp.). The teeth are classified as thecodont and bunodont and microscopic morphology of teeth is also similar to Didelphis sp. and other species that have braquidonts teeth.
Variability of the obturator artery with its surgical implications
Authors: Tajra J. , Lima C. , Pires F. , Sales L. , Junqueira D. , Mauro E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe vascular anatomy of the pelvis has in the retro pubic space one the most dangerous artery variations for the surgical approach. The aim of this study was to evaluate arise from obturator artery and its implications. Eleven specimens were bisected pelvic an adult cadaver. The iliac artery and femoral artery were identified and divided in their branches. The anomalous origin was noted in 22.72% with an anastomotic branch between the external iliac or inferior epigastric vessels found in 13.69%. The right side showed a greater variation than left side with 27.27% versus 18.18%. Our data suggest that retro pubic space has critical vascular variations of the obturator artery with many probabilities of the lesions.
Chronic exposure to ketamine induces neuronal lose and glial reaction in CA4 region of hippocampus
Authors: Ahmadpour SH. , Foghi K. , Behrad A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Introduction: Studies have shown that even acute single dose of ketamine is associated with neurodegeneration in hippocampus. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of chronic exposure to ketamine on hippocampus proper in young adult male rats. Materials and Method: Twenty young adult male wistar rats weighing 120-150 g were randomly divided into two groups. Experimental group received ketamine intraperitoneally at the dose of 10mg/kg for one week. The control animals only received saline. At the end ofweek animals were anesthetized and the hippocampus and adrenal were harvested for further study. Results: Cytological examination of cresyl violet stained sections of ketamine group showed dark neurons in CA4 region. The number of dark neurons in CA4 (15±3) showed meaningful difference with control (P<0.001). The weight ofwet brain in ketamine group (1.34±0.04 gr) showed significant level of difference in comparison with those of control (1.6±.2gr) (P<0.05). The presence of oligodendrocytes aggregation around degenerating and healthy looking neurons was only recognized in ketamine group. Also in ketamine exposed animals, hypertrophic astrocytes especially in white matter hilar region, were observed. Conclusion: According to our findings it could be concluded repeated or chronic ketamine use is associated neurodegeneration in CA4region of hippocampus and sever glial reaction.
Simultaneous observations of structure function parameter of refractive index using a high-resolution radar and the DataHawk small airborne measurement system
Authors: Scipión Danny E. , Lawrence Dale A. , Milla Marco A. , Woodman Ronald F. , Lume Diego A. , Balsley Ben B. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. The SOUSY (SOUnding SYstem) radar was relocated to the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO) near Lima, Peru, in 2000, where the radar controller and acquisition system were upgraded with state-of-the-art parts to take full advantage of its potential for high-resolution atmospheric sounding. Due to its broad bandwidth (4 MHz), it is able to characterize clear-air backscattering with high range resolution (37.5 m). A campaign conducted at JRO in July 2014 aimed to characterize the lower troposphere with a high temporal resolution (8.1 Hz) using the DataHawk (DH) small unmanned aircraft system, which provides in situ atmospheric measurements at scales as small as 1 m in the lower troposphere and can be GPS-guided to obtain measurements within the beam of the radar. This was a unique opportunity to make coincident observations by both systems and to directly compare their in situ and remotely sensed parameters. Because SOUSY only points vertically, it is only possible to retrieve vertical radar profiles caused by changes in the refractive index within the resolution volume. Turbulent variations due to scattering are described by the structure function parameter of refractive index Cn2. Profiles of Cn2 from the DH are obtained by combining pressure, temperature, and relative humidity measurements along the helical trajectory and integrated at the same scale as the radar range resolution. Excellent agreement is observed between the Cn2 estimates obtained from the DH and SOUSY in the overlapping measurement regime from 1200 m up to 4200 m above sea level, and this correspondence provides the first accurate calibration of the SOUSY radar for measuring Cn2.
Analysis of Theanine in Tea (Camellia sinensis) Dietary Ingredients and Supplements by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography with Postcolumn Derivatization: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2016.10
Authors: Ofitserova Maria , Nerkar Sareeta 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
An HPLC method with postcolumn derivatization was developed and validated for the determination of theanine content in tea dietary ingredients and supplements. A variety of common commercially available supplement forms such as powders, liquid tinctures, tablets, softgels, and gelcaps, as well as three National Institute of Standards and Technology Camellia sinensis Standard Reference Materials were investigated in the study. A simple extraction procedure using citrate buffer at pH 2.2 allowed for the analysis of theanine without additional cleanup or concentration steps, even at low ppm levels. Theanine was separated from other naturally occurring amino acids using a cation-exchange column and detected using a UV-Vis detector after derivatization with ninhydrin reagent. A single-laboratory validation demonstrated that specificity, accuracy, precision, and other method performance parameters have met the requirements set for theanine analysis by the AOAC Stakeholder Panel on Dietary Supplements.
Comparison of SPE/d-SPE and QuEChERS-Based Extraction Procedures in Terms of Fungicide Residue Analysis in Wine Samples by HPLC–DAD and LC-QqQ-MS
Authors: Tuzimski Tomasz , Rejczak Tomasz , Pieniążek Dominika , Buszewicz Grzegorz , Teresiński Grzegorz 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Two different extraction and clean-up protocols, based on either the SPE/dispersive SPE (d-SPE) or the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe approach, were optimized and compared for determination of six selected fungicides (benalaxyl, metalaxyl, triadimenol, tebuconazole, diniconazole, and epoxiconazole) in wine samples. The pilot study was performed by applying HPLC with diode-array detection, and optimized procedures were easily transferred to the LC triple-quadrupole MS system. Both extraction procedures presented good performance for all the analytes, with recoveries in the range of 70–132% and SDs ≤20%. The d-SPE clean-up step included in both procedures allows obtaining colorless extracts with the majority of coextracted matrix compounds removed. LC with electrospray ionization and tandem MS operating in the multiple reaction monitoring mode provide high sensitivity and selectivity for trace analysis. Both developed procedures were evaluated in terms of commercial wine sample analysis. In three wine samples, metalaxyl and tebuconazole residues were detected at concentrations from 0.14 to 30.7 ng/mL. Both approaches showed satisfactory feasibility for fungicide residue analysis in wine samples.
Estágio supervisionado como espaço de revisão de conceitos na formação inicial de futuros professores de Geografia
Authors: Braga Maria Cleonice Barbosa , Santos Francisco De Assis dos 
Published: September 2016

A formação inicial de professores é desafiada a desenvolver um trabalho que rompa com a histórica dissociação entre teoria e prática. Nessa perspectiva o presente trabalho buscou compreender as concepções de estágio de estudantes de uma Licenciatura em Geografia ao longo de dois anos de envolvimento no componente curricular Estágio Supervisionado. O foco foi desenvolver uma práxis no sentido de atingir uma mudança não apenas conceitual, mas prática. A pesquisa-ação foi o caminho que usamos para acompanhar as possíveis reconstruções das referidas concepções. A análise dos dados nos mostrou que as mudanças superaram a mera concepção de estágio, que deixou de ser momento de colocar em prática os conteúdos, “habilidades” e “práticas” aprendidos na licenciatura, para ser um campo de conhecimento. A compreensão da articulação entre as problemáticas vividas na sala de aula e na escola com a realidade social mais ampla; a origem das “teorias” e práticas pessoais e coletivas; são alguns dos aprendizados destacados pelos alunos ao final do componente curricular.
Development of a Three-Dimensional Bioengineering Technology to Generate Lung Tissue for Personalized Disease Modeling
Authors: Wilkinson Dan C. , Alva-Ornelas Jackelyn A. , Sucre Jennifer M.S. , Vijayaraj Preethi , Durra Abdo , Richardson Wade , Jonas Steven J. , Paul Manash K. , Karumbayaram Saravanan , Dunn Bruce , Gomperts Brigitte N. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Stem cell technologies, especially patient-specific, induced stem cell pluripotency and directed differentiation, hold great promise for changing the landscape of medical therapies. Proper exploitation of these methods may lead to personalized organ transplants, but to regenerate organs, it is necessary to develop methods for assembling differentiated cells into functional, organ-level tissues. The generation of three-dimensional human tissue models also holds potential for medical advances in disease modeling, as full organ functionality may not be necessary to recapitulate disease pathophysiology. This is specifically true of lung diseases where animal models often do not recapitulate human disease. Here, we present a method for the generation of self-assembled human lung tissue and its potential for disease modeling and drug discovery for lung diseases characterized by progressive and irreversible scarring such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Tissue formation occurs because of the overlapping processes of cellular adhesion to multiple alveolar sac templates, bioreactor rotation, and cellular contraction. Addition of transforming growth factor-β1 to single cell-type mesenchymal organoids resulted in morphologic scarring typical of that seen in IPF but not in two-dimensional IPF fibroblast cultures. Furthermore, this lung organoid may be modified to contain multiple lung cell types assembled into the correct anatomical location, thereby allowing cell-cell contact and recapitulating the lung microenvironment. Our bottom-up approach for synthesizing patient-specific lung tissue in a scalable system allows for the development of relevant human lung disease models with the potential for high throughput drug screening to identify targeted therapies.
L’ascension des « enfants disparus » à l’agenda de l’Occident. Enquête sur une nouvelle frontière de l’intolérable
Authors: Poretti Michele 
Published: September 2016

Dans les dernières décennies, les disparitions d’enfants ont acquis en Occident une visibilité politique sans précédents. La cause des « enfants disparus », catégorie qui inclut, entre autres, les kidnappings, les enlèvements parentaux et les fugues, est notamment devenue la raison d’être de nombreuses ONG et une source d’inquiétude croissante pour les États. Sur la base d’une enquête auprès de professionnels, cet article interroge la logique qui sous-tend la remarquable ascension de cette nouvelle cause publique. En suivant au plus près les acteurs et en situant la trajectoire des « enfants disparus » dans le contexte des transformations de notre relation à l’enfance, à la vie et à la mort, l’article montre, en particulier, qu’au nom de la sauvegarde de l’intégrité corporelle des enfants et de la santé de leurs parents, cette cause contribue à dépolitiser l’espace public et à légitimer les dispositifs voués à gouverner la vie des gens.
Le dessin ou la vie : parcours d’un deuil dans la bande dessinée Catharsis (Luz, 2015)1
Authors: Boukala Mouloud 
Published: September 2016

Le 7 janvier 2015 en fin de matinée à Paris, les frères Chérif et Saïd Kouachi lancent une attaque contre la rédaction de l’hebdomadaire satiriqueCharlie Hebdo. Cagoulés, vêtus de noir et armés de kalachnikovs, ils déciment la rédaction, faisant douze morts dont huit journalistes. Cet article examine comment Renald Luzier (« Luz »), dessinateur de presse àCharlie Hebdo, se réconcilie avec la mort, la réapprend par le truchement de la bande dessinéeCatharsis(2015).Autrement dit, comment la bande dessinée parvient-elle à donner du sens à une expérience traumatique ? Comment contribue-t-elle, par une expérience graphique, à nouer des liens entre un passé récent indicible, un présent douloureux et un possible futur ? Peut-elle être un moyen de (re)construction de soi ? Autant d’interrogations qui font la matière de ce texte où la bande dessinée n’est pas envisagée comme une illustration à un processus de deuil mais dans ses potentialités symboliques, imaginaires – anthropologiques - où un dessinateur, Luz, vit la mort des autres dans sa propre vie.
Morcellement d’une aire protégée en agglomération urbaine : le cas du parc national du Banco (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Tia Lazare , Dago Dohouri Rose 
Published: September 2016

La volonté de préserver et de conserver les ressources forestières en leur état naturel est à l’origine de la création des parcs nationaux et réserves naturelles, en Côte d’Ivoire. Ce processus fut entamé avec le parc national (PN) du Banco, qui est passé du statut de station forestière, en 1926, à celui de parc national, en 1953. De par sa situation géographique, le PN du Banco est classé parmi les parcs urbains du monde. Ce riche patrimoine naturel est l’objet de dégradations et pollutions diverses. Les résultats d’une enquête exhaustive montrent que la conjugaison de plusieurs facteurs a contribué au morcellement du parc dans sa partie nord-est, connue comme le Triangle de Sagbé (52 ha). Parmi ces facteurs on note les fortes pressions démographique et foncière urbaine, ainsi que les crises socioéconomiques et politicomilitaires doublées d’une faiblesse institutionnelle. Au total, 1134 acteurs économiques informels s’y sont installés par vagues successives, de 1987 à 2013. La quasi totalité des exploitants (95,6 %) des sites du Triangle de Sagbé sont bien disposés à libérer les lieux, mais ils s’y maintiennent à la faveur de la passivité et de la réduction du rôle régalien de l’État dans la protection des aires protégées. Pour garantir une conservation durable du parc, des mesures coercitives de déguerpissement, la construction d’au moins 14,2 km de clôture et l’application du système de gestion participative sont nécessaires.
A BIOFILOSOFIA DOS GRAUS DO ORGÂNICO: ARNOLD GEHLEN E A ONTOLOGIA DE NICOLAI HARTMANN
Authors: De Almeida Cleber Ranieri Ribas 
Published: September 2016

<p>O propósito deste artigo é investigar os fundamentos da antropobiologia de Arnold Gehlen de modo a demonstrar como o esquema darwiniano da evolução das espécies fora aí substituído pela biofilosofia dos graus do orgânico de Nicolai Hartmann. Esta substituição permitiu que Gehlen distinguisse claramente entre as Leis Estruturais da Constituição Humana (LECH) e as Operações Humanas (OPHU). Segundo Gehlen, a ação conjunta (<em>handlung zuzammen</em>) entre estruturas e operações humanas forma um circuito inconsútil no qual as carências vitais do homem (<em>mängelwesen</em>) são supridas mediante ações de descarga. A observação fenomenológica das leis de descarga (<em>entlastungsgefahren</em>) se dá na fabricação do mundo (<em>Welt</em>). Malgrado seus notáveis progressos no que diz respeito à explicação não-zoológica do homem, o modelo gehleniano reduziu a percepção fenomenológica do humano a uma mecânica de operações e estruturas. A substituição do esquema darwiniano pela ontologia de Nicolai Hartmann nos provê uma explicação holística e singular do homem, porém, sob pena da redução mecânica das operações simbólicas e numênicas.</p><p> </p>
Photocurrent enhancement of chemically synthesized Ag nanoparticle-embedded BiFeO3 thin films
Authors: Maruyama Rika , Sakamoto Wataru , Yuitoo Isamu , Takeuchi Teruaki , Hayashi Koichiro , Yogo Toshinobu 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
BiFeO3 and Ag nanoparticle-embedded BiFeO3 thin films were prepared on Pt/TiO
x
/SiO2/Si and MgO(100) substrates using colloidal silver and BiFeO3 metal–organic precursor solutions. Colloidal silver solution was prepared by a chemical reductive method using NaBH4 as a reductant. The prepared Ag nanoparticles exhibited characteristic optical absorption properties based on their surface plasmon resonance related to particle size. The synthesized BiFeO3 and Ag nanoparticle/BiFeO3 thin films demonstrated rapid on/off responses of photocurrent to visible light. The Ag nanoparticle-incorporated BiFeO3 film exhibited a 2–4-fold higher photocurrent than the BiFeO3 film. Optical and ferroelectric properties did not change markedly even when Ag nanoparticles were embedded in the BiFeO3 thin film within the quantities of this study. Furthermore, in the Ag nanoparticle/BiFeO3 composite structure, Ag nanoparticles were introduced in the near-metallic state with maintained their nanometer size. In the Ag nanoparticle-embedded BiFeO3 film, photoinduced charge separation and transport of photoexcited carriers were enhanced by the surface plasmon effect of nanosized Ag particles as well as the internal bias electric field existed in the narrow-bandgap BiFeO3 thin film.
Sign Language Translation Approach to Sinhalese
Language
Authors: Fernando Pumudu , Wimalaratne Prasad 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSign language is used for communication between deaf persons while Sinhalese language is used by normal hearing persons whose first language is Sinhalese in Sri Lanka. This research focuses on an approach for a real-time translation from Sri Lankan sign language to Sinhalese language which will bridge the communication gap between deaf and ordinary communities. This study further focuses on a novel methodology of enabling distance communication between deaf and ordinary persons. Once the sign based gestures captured by depth sensing camera, series of feature extraction techniques will be used to identify essential attributes in gesture frame. Identified feature frame will be compared with pre-trained gesture dictionary based on classification techniques, in order to identify gesture based word. Detected word will be displayed for ordinary user or could be used for communication between two individuals in two different geographic locations. Proposed prototype has provided an overall recognition rate of 94.2% for a dictionary of fifteen signs in Sri Lankan sign language.
Arabic Text Categorization Using Support vector machine, Naïve Bayes and Neural Network
Authors: Mohammad Adel Hamdan , Alwada‘n Tariq , Al-Momani Omar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractText classification is a very important area in information retrieval. Text classification techniques used to classify documents into a set of predefined categories. There are several techniques and methods used to classify data and in fact there are many researches talks about English text classification. Unfortunately, few researches talks about Arabic text classification. This paper talks about three well-known techniques used to classify data. These three well-known techniques are applied on Arabic data set. A comparative study is made between these three techniques. Also this study used fixed number of documents for all categories of documents in training and testing phase. The result shows that the Support Vector machine gives the best results.