bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Different Designs, Different Outcomes? A Critical Systematic Review of Interventions for Preparing Preservice Science Teachers to Teach Scientific Models and Modeling
Authors: Chan Kennedy Kam Ho , Lau David Siu Pan , van Driel Jan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCultivating in preservice science teachers (PSTs) the competence required to teach scientific models and modeling is a valued outcome of teacher preparation programs. However, science teacher educators face inherent tensions when designing and implementing teacher preparation experiences to achieve this outcome. In this systematic review, we first propose five sets of design tensions that science teacher educators need to navigate. We identify empirical intervention studies that aimed to develop PSTs' professional competence for teaching scientific models and modeling and analyze how the reviewed interventions addressed the design tensions, and examine their outcomes. Our analysis reveals that the reviewed interventions prioritized the development of PSTs' cognitive aspects of teacher professional competence for teaching scientific models and modeling while giving limited attention to affective–motivational aspects and the need to simultaneously develop aspects of PSTs' competence not specific to scientific models and modeling. The interventions were more successful in enhancing PSTs' declarative knowledge than enacted knowledge and affective–motivational aspects. However, the nature of modeling activities included in the interventions varied widely, posing challenges in identifying critical features that led to the identified positive outcomes. The interventions reported mixed outcomes in developing PSTs' enacted knowledge in teaching contexts, even when incorporating activities for knowledge application and knowledge transfer beyond the intervention context. We discuss the implications of these findings and provide recommendations for better‐preparing PSTs to teach scientific models and modeling. We also discuss the unique affordance of using the design tension framework to analyze the interventions.
Digital technology‐based business model design and innovation to address grand challenges: A process model
Authors: Wang Liyan , Zhang Wei , White Steven , Fan Hang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractResearch SummaryThe question of how a new venture designs and innovates on its business model (BM) to leverage digital technology to address multiple grand challenges has received little attention in the literature. We address this through a longitudinal case study of a new social enterprise in China. We develop an accessing‐embedding‐strengthening‐expanding process model of BM design and innovation by which a venture may increase both the scale and scope of its impact as a complementor in ecosystems addressing grand challenges. We identify the specific actions and contingencies underlying this process. Our findings contribute to the understanding of BM design and innovation based on digital technologies and propose that assessment of a BM's impact on grand challenges may be in terms of scope as well as scale.Managerial SummaryHow may founders build a BM that exploits a technology's potential to address diverse sustainability challenges? Our study derives insights from one for‐profit Chinese venture whose founders had the explicit objective of leveraging remote sensing data and analytics to address important and diverse social and environmental challenges. We identify the steps in its ecosystem‐based strategy (accessing, embedding, strengthening, and expanding) by which the founders targeted and entered successive application ecosystems as a complementor. This strategy has enabled them to achieve financial goals and also increase their contribution to sustainability objectives in terms of both scale (vis‐à‐vis one grand challenge) and scope (across multiple grand challenges). We also identify the specific questions that the founders had to answer in the process of executing this strategy.
Use of the Pickering Emulsion Method for the Preparation of Nano‐Aluminum Powder/Fluororubber Composite Microspheres
Authors: Gao DengZhao , Huang XinYang , Yang Min , Guo Jun , Wang Qian , Wen Tao , Zhang XingQuan , Guo ChangPing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe combination of fluoropolymer and nano‐thermite has been a research focus in the field of materials in the field of energy and storage in recent years, but it faces the problem of uneven mixing of fluoropolymer and nano‐aluminum powder (nAl). Therefore, it is of great significance to obtain a fluorine/aluminum uniform composite by a solid/solid phase mixing method. In this paper, Pickering emulsions effectively blend difficult‐to‐mix powders of nAl and solid bulk fluoroelastomers on the micro‐ and nanoscale. The emulsion was prepared by Pickering emulsion with an ethyl acetate solution of fluororubber as the oil phase and perfluorocarboxylic acid‐modified nano‐aluminum powder as a surfactant. The effects of oil/water ratio, fluororubber/aluminum ratio, and standing time on the stability of the emulsion were studied. The nano‐aluminum powder/fluororubber composite microspheres were prepared and their morphology, thermal decomposition, and combustion properties were characterized. The results showed that the emulsion prepared with the oil/water ratio of 1:8 and m(fluororubber):m(modified nano‐aluminum powder) of 5:1 had good stability and dispersion. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that the complex was observed to be regular spherical and the size was about 10 µm, and the composite microspheres prepared by the Pickering emulsion had good. The TG‐DSC results showed that the decomposition of the composite microspheres started at about 450 °C and finished at 519 °C. The composite microspheres prepared in this paper are stable and rapid in exotherm, with a combustion rate of 33 cm s−1 and excellent combustion performance. The Pickering emulsion introduces a new idea for the preparation of thermite by mixing the solid reactants at the micro‐nano level without introducing substances that reduce the energy of the system.
Fe3O4/f‐MWCNTs Nanocomposite: Efficient Electrode Material for Symmetric Hybrid Supercapacitors with 25 k Cycle Stability
Authors: S. Srividhya , V. Tejashree , Venkatesh Krishna , Nagaraju Kathyayini 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFe3O4 with acid functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (f‐MWCNTs) was synthesized using a simple ultrasonic‐assisted co‐precipitation method. The structural, morphological, and elemental composition of the composite material were determined using P‐XRD, FT‐IR, SEM‐EDS, and BET analysis. The electrochemical properties of the composite were analysed by CV, CP and EIS techniques. In a three‐electrode system setup, a specific capacitance (Cs) of 509 Fg−1 at 2 mVs−1 and 116 Fg−1 at 2.5 Ag−1 was achieved in 1 M KOH solution. The composite material was utilized in the design of a symmetric supercapacitor coin cell (CR2032) device. The coin cell exhibited Cs of 49 Fg−1 at 2 mVs−1 (0 to 1.8 V) and 19.2 Fg−1 at 1 Ag−1 (0 to 1.75 V) in 1 M KOH electrolyte, with a Cs retention of 80 % at the end of 25,000 charge‐discharge cycles at a high current density of 20 Ag−1. The coin cell demonstrated a maximum energy density of 8.2 Whkg−1 and power density of 17.5 kWkg−1. This study highlights an inexpensive, environmentally benign hybrid supercapacitor composite material synthesized by a facile method as a promising candidate for high‐performance supercapacitor applications.
Improving Germanium Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Insights from SCAPS Simulation Analysis Compared to Experimental Data
Authors: Kumar Praveen , Khan Mohd Quasim , Shabbir Mohd , Ahmad Khursheed , Oh Tae Hwan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPreviously, various approaches and methods have been developed for the construction of high performance perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The lead (Pb)‐based PSCs demonstrated excellent performance but suffers from low stability and presence of toxic Pb. Thus, a rapid surge in the development of Pb free PSCs has been observed. Recently, various Pb free elements such as germanium (Ge), bismuth, tin and antimony based materials were adopted as absorber materials. Among these, Ge halide based absorber materials have received significant attention for the development of Pb free PSCs. Despite the exceptional optoelectronic properties of Ge‐based perovskite structures, the efficiency of resulting PSCs remains lower compared to their Pb‐based PSCs. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the simulation studies of PSCs using solar cell capacitance simulation‐one dimensional (SCAPS‐1D) method. Numerous reports have emerged from different research groups simulating various Ge‐based PSCs via SCAPS‐1D. These simulation studies have shown promise in aiding the development of Pb‐free PSCs. In this mini‐review, previously reported literature on Ge‐based PSCs for experimental studies and simulation studies via SCAPS‐1D had been amassed. We believe that present mini review article will attract scientific researchers engaged in experimental and theoretical investigations of Ge‐based PSCs.
Illiberal Democracy as Revolutionary Action: The Case of the 2020–2022 Janša Government in Slovenia
Authors: Kovačič Gorazd 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chapter examines the character of the contemporary far right, which formally operates within electoral democracy but challenged the democratic constitutional order by undermining in practice the system of checks and balances after assuming power. The question posed is whether the programme of illiberal democracy seeks to transform the democratic form of government. The answer is developed on the basis of the case of the 2020–2022 Slovenian government of Janez Janša, whose term of office coincided with the Covid-19 pandemic. As a minority government, it had no possibility of formally changing the constitution; nevertheless, it acted zealously and relentlessly as if it had already transformed the form of government into an authoritarian one. It steered the pandemic through unlawful decrees, usurped the authority of the legislature and the judiciary, instrumentalized the police, and carried out constant attacks against the judiciary, supervisory institutions, the media, and civil society. The text analyses this phenomenon of autocratic pretensions through the theories of Montesquieu, Arendt, and Duso and concludes that illiberal democracy should be understood as a revolutionary action against democracy and the rule of law.
Isotope Shifts, Radioactive Decay, and the Nuclear Forces
Authors: Raven Will 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this chapter, we explore the nucleus, focusing on how the number of neutrons in a nucleus influences transition frequencies and the stability of atoms. We begin by examining the effect of neutrons on transition frequencies, then shift into detailed discussions of the nuclear forces and principles governing atomic stability and radioactive decay. Various modes of radioactive decay, including neutron and proton emission, $$\alpha $$
α
decay, spontaneous fission, $$\beta ^-$$

β

−

decay, $$\beta ^+$$

β

+

decay, and electron capture, are investigated, with an emphasis on the conditions under which each occurs. Additionally, we explore the nuclear shell model to understand the energetics behind different types of decays and the stability of isotopes.
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in combination with deep regional hyperthermia followed by surgery for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ademaj Adela , Stieb Sonja , Gani Cihan , Ott Oliver J. , Marder Dietmar , Hälg Roger A. , Rogers Susanne , Ghadjar Pirus , Fietkau Rainer , Crezee Hans , Riesterer Oliver 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background and purpose
Combining chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with deep regional hyperthermia (HT) shows promise for enhancing clinical outcomes in selected rectal cancer patients. This study aimed to integrate the evidence and evaluate the efficacy of this combined treatment approach.

Materials and methods
A systematic search of the PubMed, Scopus, and Mendeley databases was performed. This review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of studies was evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale (NOS). Random-effects meta-analyses (DerSimonian and Laird) were performed. The primary outcome was pathological complete response (pCR), and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), and toxicity.

Results
In total, 12 studies were included, mostly of moderate quality. Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC; n = 760) and locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC; n = 22) were eligible. The pooled pCR rate was 19% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16–22%) among all 782 patients and 19% (95%CI:16–23%) among 760 LARC patients. Due to significant study heterogeneity, survival outcomes were pooled by excluding LRRC patients. The pooled 5‑year OS rate among 433 LARC patients was 87% (95%CI: 83–90%). The pooled 5‑year DFS and LRFS in LARC patients were 75% (95%CI: 70–80%) and 95% (95%CI: 92–97%), respectively. There was a lack of consistent reporting of HT treatment parameters and toxicity symptoms among the studies.

Conclusion
The collective clinical evidence showed that neoadjuvant CRT combined with HT in rectal cancer patients is feasible, with a 19% pCR rate and excellent survival outcomes in long term follow-up.
Streptomyces fradiae Mitigates the Impact of Potato Virus Y by Inducing Systemic Resistance in Two Egyptian Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Cultivars
Authors: Mohammed Fafy A. , Abu-Hussien Samah H. , Dougdoug Noha K. El , Koutb Neima , Korayem Abdalla S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, the impact of culture media filtrate of QD3 actinobacterial isolate on two potato cultivars, Spunta and Diamond, infected with potato virus Y (PVY) was investigated. Various parameters, including infection percentage, PVY virus infectivity, disease severity scoring, PVY optical density, photosynthetic and defense-related biochemical markers, enzymatic profiling, phenolic compounds, proline content, salicylic acid levels, and growth and yield parameters, were assessed to elucidate the potential of the QD3 actinobacterial isolate culture filtrate in mitigating PVY-induced damage. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the QD3 actinobacterial isolate, including its salinity tolerance, pH preferences, and metabolic traits, were investigated. Molecular identification via 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed its classification as Streptomyces fradiae QD3, and it was deposited in GenBank with the gene accession number MN160630. Distinct responses between Spunta and Diamond cultivars, with Spunta displaying greater resistance to PVY infection. Notably, pre-infection foliar application of the QD3 filtrate significantly reduced disease symptoms and virus infection in both cultivars. For post-PVY infection, the QD3 filtrate effectively mitigated disease severity and the PVY optical density. Furthermore, the QD3 filtrate positively influenced photosynthetic pigments, enzymatic antioxidant activities, and key biochemical components associated with plant defense mechanisms. Gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS) analysis revealed palmitic acid (hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester) and oleic acid (9-octadecanoic acid, methyl ester) as the most prominent compounds, with retention times of 23.23 min and 26.41 min, representing 53.27% and 23.25%, respectively, of the total peak area as primary unsaturated fatty acids and demonstrating antiviral effects against plant viruses. Cytotoxicity assays on normal human skin fibroblasts (HSFs) revealed the safety of QD3 metabolites, with low discernible toxicity at high concentrations, reinforcing their potential as safe and effective interventions. The phytotoxicity results indicate that all the seeds presented high germination rates of approximately 95–98%, suggesting that the treatment conditions had no phytotoxic effect on the Brassica oleracea (broccoli) seeds, Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds, and Eruca sativa (arugula or rocket) seeds. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the S. fradiae filtrate has promising anti-PVY properties, influencing various physiological, biochemical, and molecular aspects in potato cultivars. These findings provide valuable insights into potential strategies for managing PVY infections in potato crops, emphasizing the importance of Streptomyces-derived interventions in enhancing plant health and crop protection.
Challenges and applications in generative AI for clinical tabular data in physiology
Authors: Umesh Chaithra , Mahendra Manjunath , Bej Saptarshi , Wolkenhauer Olaf , Wolfien Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in generative approaches in AI have opened up the prospect of synthetic tabular clinical data generation. From filling in missing values in real-world data, these approaches have now advanced to creating complex multi-tables. This review explores the development of techniques capable of synthesizing patient data and modeling multiple tables. We highlight the challenges and opportunities of these methods for analyzing patient data in physiology. Additionally, it discusses the challenges and potential of these approaches in improving clinical research, personalized medicine, and healthcare policy. The integration of these generative models into physiological settings may represent both a theoretical advancement and a practical tool that has the potential to improve mechanistic understanding and patient care. By providing a reliable source of synthetic data, these models can also help mitigate privacy concerns and facilitate large-scale data sharing.
Development of a mathematical model for harbor maneuvers to realize modeling automation
Authors: Miyauchi Yoshiki , Akimoto Youhei , Maki Atsuo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA simulation environment of harbor maneuvers is critical for developing automatic berthing. Mathematical models are widely used to estimate harbor maneuvers. However, user’s analysis and decision are necessary to derive, select, and identify the model because each actuator configuration needs an inherent mathematical expression. We proposed a new mathematical model for arbitrary configurations to overcome that issue. The new model is a hybrid model that combines the simplicity of the derivation of the Taylor expansion and the high degree of freedom of the MMG low-speed maneuvering model. We also developed a method to select mathematical expressions for the proposed model using system identification. Because the proposed model can easily derive mathematical expressions, we can generate multiple expressions simultaneously and choose the best one. This method can reduce the workload of model identification and selection. Furthermore, the proposed method will enable the automatic generation of mathematical models because it can reduce user’s decision-making and data analysis for the model generation due to its less dependency on the knowledge of ship hydrodynamics and captive model test. The proposed method was validated with free-running model tests and showed equivalent or better estimation performance than the conventional model generation method.
A thermodynamics-consistent spatiotemporally-nonlocal model for microstructure-dependent heat conduction
Authors: Zhang Yu , Nie Daming , Mao Xuyao , Li Li 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe spatiotemporally-nonlocal phenomena in heat conduction become significant but challenging for metamaterials with artificial microstructures. However, the microstructure-dependent heat conduction phenomena are captured under the hypothesis of spatiotemporally local equilibrium. To capture the microstructure-dependent heat conduction phenomena, a generalized nonlocal irreversible thermodynamics is proposed by removing both the temporally-local and spatially-local equilibrium hypotheses from the classical irreversible thermodynamics. The generalized nonlocal irreversible thermodynamics has intrinsic length and time parameters and thus can provide a thermodynamics basis for the spatiotemporally-nonlocal law of heat conduction. To remove the temporally-local equilibrium hypothesis, the generalized entropy is assumed to depend not only on the internal energy but also on its first-order and high-order time derivatives. To remove the spatially local equilibrium hypothesis, the thermodynamics flux field in the dissipation function is assumed to relate not only to the thermodynamics force at the reference point but also to the thermodynamics force of the neighboring points. With the developed theoretical framework, the thermodynamics-consistent spatiotemporally-nonlocal models can then be developed for heat transfer problems. Two examples are provided to illustrate the applications of steady-state and transient heat conduction problems.
Dilemmas of Care (Re) Allocation: Care and Consumption in Pandemic Times
Authors: Heath Teresa , Gallage Samanthika , Chatzidakis Andreas , Hutton Martina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStudies into the ethical aspects of consumption tend to focus on a limited class of actions that are explicitly understood as “ethical consumption”. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic provided a context in which other ethical issues and questions of whom we should care for first, and how, suddenly and dramatically gained salience. This article draws on the care literature to explore the reconfiguration of consumption decisions and dilemmas during this period. Building on twenty-eight in-depth interviews, it considers the temporal and spatial dimensions of care and consumption and examines various ethical and ideological considerations that arose, particularly regarding the allocation of care in the face of competing demands. Subsequently, the article problematises mainstream accounts of ethical consumption, arguing for considering a plurality of ethics present within decisions about consumption. It concludes with a call to incorporate a more capacious understanding of care in broader discussions of ethics in consumption.
Evaluating the spatiotemporal patterns of drought characteristics in a semi‐arid region of Limpopo Province, South Africa
Authors: Matimolane Selelo , Strydom Sheldon , Mathivha Fhumulani Innocentia , Chikoore Hector 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDrought is a complex phenomenon resulting from below-average rainfall and is characterized by frequency, duration, and severity, occurring at a regional scale with dire consequences, especially in semiarid environments. This study used the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI) to assess drought severity in two district municipalities in Limpopo Province. Rainfall and air temperature data from 12 stations covering 1970–2020 were obtained from the Agricultural Research Council. The calculation of RDI relies on the monthly accumulation ratio of total rainfall to potential evapotranspiration (PET). For this study, PET was estimated using the Hargreaves and Samani temperature-based approach. The RDI results showed a high spatial–temporal variation in drought characteristics over the study area. All stations experienced extreme drought conditions in different years, with the maximum drought severity (-3.40) occurring from 2002–2003 in the western parts of the study area, indicating extreme drought. Furthermore, the results revealed continuous drought conditions over various periods, including severe droughts between 1995 and 1998 and between 2014 and 2016, with the severity varying between mild and moderate drought conditions. The results reveal notable but nonuniform drought patterns as the climate evolves, with potential implications for water availability and livelihoods. The study's findings underscore the significance of adopting multidimensional approaches to drought assessment that encompass meteorological and hydrological factors to inform strategies for adaptive water management and policy formulation in the face of a changing climate.