bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An investigation of the influence of managerial factors on industrial accidents in the construction industry using the gray FTA method
Authors: Omidvari Manouchehr , Abootorabi Seyyed Morteza , Mehrno Hossein 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The statistical report published by the Iranian Social Security Organization in 2012 showed that, of all industries, the construction industry is associated with the highest number of work-related accidents. Furthermore, as this sector contains a large human workforce, identification of the factors contributing to the occurrence of such accidents is vital. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

Design/methodology/approach
– Furthermore, as this sector contains a large human workforce, identification of the factors contributing to the occurrence of such accidents is vital. In the present study, such factors were initially identified, after which the most important of these, managerial factors, were selected. Subsequently, the identification of the causes of the managerial factors was carried out with the use of the fault tree analysis (FTA) method and application of OR and AND entries.

Findings
– Since it is difficult to determine the probability of occurrence of events in this industry with certainty, and because gray numbers (numbers of which the exact value is unknown, and which represent uncertain information) have a strong relationship with human expressions, the probability of occurrence of the main undesired events was also evaluated using the gray numbers as input entries, in addition to ranking the probability of occurrence of intermediate events.

Originality/value
– The findings revealed that FTA using gray numbers is a useful and effective tool in risk assessment.
Comparing library wayfinding among novices and experts
Authors: Zaugg Holt , Child Curtis , Bennett Dalton , Brown Jace , Alcaraz Melissa , Allred Alexander , Andrus Nathaniel , Babcock Drew , Barriga Maria , Brown Madison , Bulloch Lindsey , Corbett Todd , Curtin Michelle , Giossi Victoria , Hawkins Samantha , Hernandez Sergio , Jacobs Kayia , Jones Jette , Kessler David , Lee Samuel , Mackay Sara , Marshall Amy , Maxfield Dallin , McFarland Cory , Miller Brennen , Roberson Maia , Rogers Kristy , Stoker Devin , Tonga Manase , Twitchell Abby , Zandamela Tinesha 
Published: May 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate similar and different wayfinding strategies used by novice and expert patrons at an academic library.

Design/methodology/approach
– The study employed a usability study approach. In total, 12 people, places, or things were identified as important for students to be able to locate within an academic library. Students from one of three groups (high school, freshmen, and seniors) were randomly assigned a scenario requiring them to find the indicated person, place, or thing. Student researchers video recorded participants and took field notes during the wayfinding activity and conducted an interview about participant’s experience following the exercise.

Findings
– Total and average time needed to locate the person, place, or thing indicated in the scenario were determined for each group. In addition, wayfinding tools (signs, maps, help desks, technology, and experience) used by participants were identified.

Originality/value
– The research compares novice and expert wayfinding strategies. It is unique in its use of student researchers as part of a sociology class project, to collect and analyze the data.
TOXINZ, the New Zealand Internet poisons information database: The first decade
Authors: Fountain John S , Slaughter Robin J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe New Zealand National Poisons Centre has, over a number of years, developed an electronic poisons information database. In 2002, this was released as toxinz™ (University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand), an Internet accessible version. The objective of this study is to describe New Zealand subscriber utilisation of TOXINZ with an emphasis on pharmaceutical monographs viewed.MethodsA retrospective review was conducted of records of New Zealand subscriber access to TOXINZ monographs during the period 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2012. Telephone enquiry data to the New Zealand National Poisons Centre was also obtained for the same time period.ResultsOver the decade, 201 255 TOXINZ monographs were accessed, with annual numbers of documents viewed doubling from 13 718 in 2003 to 28 782 in 2012. Pharmaceuticals were the largest group viewed with 132 316 documents accessed (65.7% of all documents), followed by monographs relating to chemicals 46 061 (22.9%), substances of abuse 6698 (3.3%), plants 6563 (3.3%), supportive care 4668 (2.3%), animals 2553 (1.3%), and other 2396 (1.2%). In regard to the pharmaceuticals, high or rapidly increasing levels of enquiries were identified for venlafaxine, quetiapine, paracetamol, zopiclone and tramadol. Investigation of telephone enquiries to the New Zealand National Poisons Centre showed total poisoning calls increased slightly over the 10 year period, whereas telephone enquiries from hospitals halved.ConclusionThe TOXINZ Internet accessible poisons information database has proved to be a well‐utilised addition to the New Zealand National Poisons Centre's service.
The contribution of the melanin pathway to overall body pigmentation during ontogenesis of Periplaneta americana
Authors: Lemonds Thomas R. , Liu Jin , Popadić Aleksandar 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe most prominent colors observed in insects are black or brown, whose production is attributed to the melanin pathway. At present, though, the contribution of this pathway to overall body pigmentation throughout ontogenesis is still lacking. To address this question we examined the roles of 2 key melanin genes (TH and DDC), in embryonic and postembryonic development of the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana. Our results show that the melanin pathway does not contribute to the light brown coloration observed in the first nymphs. However, the dark brown coloration in mid nymphs and adults is produced solely from the melanin pathway. In addition, the DDC RNAi results reveal that it is dopamine melanin, not DOPA melanin, acts as the main contributor in this process. Overall, present study provides a new insight into insect pigmentation suggesting that genetic mechanisms of coloration can change during ontogenesis. Future studies of additional basal insect lineages will be required to assess in more details the generality of this phenomenon.
Cadmium Removal from Rice by Separating and Washing Protein Isolate
Authors: Huo Yinqiang , Du Hongying , Xue Bingying , Niu Meng , Zhao Siming 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this study detoxification of 3 Chinese Cd‐contaminated cultivars (Jinyou463, Yuchi, and Xiangzaoxian 32) of rice was explored. By separation with an alkaline method, Cd concentrations of the starch isolates were decreased from 0.2769, 0.4037, and 0.5156 mg/kg in starting milled rice to 0.1056, 0.1585, and 0.1923 mg/kg, respectively. However, the Cd concentrations reached up to 2.5905, 3.1628, and 4.8593 mg/kg in the protein isolates, respectively. Therefore, 10 common acids in food industry were investigated to remove Cd from protein isolate by washing process. The optimal washing conditions were 0.5 M citric acid, acid to rice protein isolate ratio of 6:1 v/w, shaking time of 1 h at room temperature. The rice protein isolate showed a significant decrease in Cd concentration and the removal efficiency was more than 95% after 2 washings at optimized conditions. Rice proteins were not degraded at all and had very little loss during citric acid washing process. The study presents a promising way of depurating Cd‐contaminated rice, and meanwhile it reduces the risk of heavy metal causing food safety issues effectively.
Quantifying carbon and amphibian co‐benefits from secondary forest regeneration in the Tropical Andes
Authors: Basham E. W. , González del Pliego P. , Acosta‐Galvis A. R. , Woodcock P. , Medina Uribe C. A. , Haugaasen T. , Gilroy J. J. , Edwards D. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTropical land‐use change is a key driver of global declines in biodiversity and a major source of anthropogenic carbon emissions, yet there is a substantial shortfall in the funding available to tackle these issues. We urgently need mechanisms that can simultaneously tackle both biodiversity and carbon losses, with carbon‐based payments for ecosystem services (e.g. REDD+) of particular interest. A critical question is whether such payments offer strong carbon–biodiversity co‐benefits via the regrowth of forests on abandoned farmlands (carbon enhancements) for amphibians, which are the most threatened vertebrate group and reach the greatest richness of threatened and small‐ranged species in the montane tropics (>1000 m a.s.l.). Here, we study changes in amphibian communities across a typical Andean habitat transition from cattle pasture through secondary forests (8–35 years) to primary forest. As secondary forests mature, they recovered the abundance, species richness, species composition and Red‐listed (near threatened and threatened) species typically found in primary forest. By contrast, cattle pasture contained much lower richness of Red‐listed species and a different species composition compared to forest. We then reveal positive relationships between carbon stocks and amphibian species richness and abundance, Red‐listed species richness and abundance and the similarity of communities to primary forests, confirming significant carbon–biodiversity co‐benefits. Our results underscore the high conservation value of secondary forests and the strong potential for carbon and biodiversity recovery. Using carbon‐based funding initiatives to support the regrowth of forests on marginal agricultural land is therefore likely to conserve threatened biodiversity in the Tropical Andes.
Religion and Corporate Governance: Evidence from 32 Countries
Authors: Kim Jaehyeon , Daniel Shirley J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis study seeks to understand the effects of informal constraints, particularly religious denominations, on corporate governance. Using archival data from a panel sample of 32 countries—between 2006 and 2010—we find that a higher proportion of Protestantism is associated with stronger corporate governance after controlling for cultural, economic, legal, and institutional factors. This study provides empirical support for the socio‐cultural theory, which posits that socio‐cultural variables such as religion are associated with the level of agency costs (Charreaux, 2004, Corporate governance theories: From micro theories to national systems theories, Working Paper). The findings of this study contribute to the corporate governance, accounting, finance, and management literature by showing that social norms, especially religion, have a strong effect on corporate governance practices. Moreover, this study provides insights for policy makers who are interested in enhancing corporate governance, allowing them to strengthen formal constraints such as rule of law for countries where there is a low proportion of Protestants, in order to improve corporate governance.
Change in visual acuity and associated risk factors after trabeculectomy with adjunctive mitomycin C
Authors: Kashiwagi Kenji , Kogure Satoshi , Mabuchi Fumihiko , Chiba Tatsuya , Yamamoto Tetsuya , Kuwayama Yasuaki , Araie Makoto ,   the Collaborative Bleb‐Related Infection Incidence and Treatment Study Group
Published: May 2016

AbstractPurposeTo report the 5‐year incidence of visual impairment after mitomycin C‐augmented trabeculectomy (MMC trabeculectomy) and the risk factors for visual impairment.MethodsThis is a multicentre prospective observational cohort study. Among glaucoma patients registered in the Collaborative Bleb‐related Infection Incidence and Treatment Study performed in Japan, the patients with eyes meeting the following qualifications were included: eyes with primary open‐angle glaucoma; eyes with primary angle‐closure glaucoma; eyes with exfoliative glaucoma; eyes with ≥3/60 in blindness analysis; and eyes with ≥20/60 in low‐vision analysis and visual acuity loss analysis. The patients were followed at 6‐month intervals for 5 years. The entry data and follow‐up data were analysed to determine the incidence of blindness (<3/60), low vision (≥3/60 and <20/60) and visual acuity loss (≥0.2 logMAR) during the follow‐up period. Risk factors for visual impairment were also analysed.ResultsA total of 694 eyes of 694 or 559 eyes of 559 glaucoma patients were subjected to the blindness analysis or the low‐vision and visual acuity loss analysis, respectively. Visual acuity significantly deteriorated (p < 0.0001): 12.2% (95%CI: 9.8–14.7%) of the patients became blind; 12.1% (95%CI: 9.4–14.9%) were judged to have low vision at the final examination; 28.3% (95%CI: 24.5–32.0%) were judged to have visual acuity loss. Glaucoma subtypes, poor preoperative visual function and postoperative complications are the main risk factors for visual impairment.ConclusionsVisual acuity was significantly reduced after MMC trabeculectomy in 5 years, and we identified several risk factors associated with this complication.
A Bayesian Credible Subgroups Approach to Identifying Patient Subgroups with Positive Treatment Effects
Authors: Schnell Patrick M. , Tang Qi , Offen Walter W. , Carlin Bradley P. 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Many new experimental treatments benefit only a subset of the population. Identifying the baseline covariate profiles of patients who benefit from such a treatment, rather than determining whether or not the treatment has a population-level effect, can substantially lessen the risk in undertaking a clinical trial and expose fewer patients to treatments that do not benefit them. The standard analyses for identifying patient subgroups that benefit from an experimental treatment either do not account for multiplicity, or focus on testing for the presence of treatment–covariate interactions rather than the resulting individualized treatment effects. We propose a Bayesian credible subgroups method to identify two bounding subgroups for the benefiting subgroup: one for which it is likely that all members simultaneously have a treatment effect exceeding a specified threshold, and another for which it is likely that no members do. We examine frequentist properties of the credible subgroups method via simulations and illustrate the approach using data from an Alzheimer's disease treatment trial. We conclude with a discussion of the advantages and limitations of this approach to identifying patients for whom the treatment is beneficial.
Women's Knowledge of Ovulation, the Menstrual Cycle, and Its Associated Reproductive Changes
Authors: Ayoola Adejoke B. , Zandee Gail L. , Adams Yenupini J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to examine women's knowledge of female reproduction—anatomy, hormones and their functions, ovulation, the menstrual cycle and its associated reproductive changes, conception, and signs of pregnancy.MethodsA survey was completed by 125 women of childbearing age as part of a larger “Women's Health Promotion Program.” Descriptive statistics, mainly univariate and bivariate analyses were conducted using STATA 13.ResultsThe women in the study were ages 18–51 years, 52.0 percent were Hispanic, 36.0 percent African American, and 12.0 percent White. The majority, 70.4 percent, had a household income of less than $20,000, 58.4 percent were not married, 83.2 percent were not trying to get pregnant at the time, and 37.6 percent had sexual intercourse that may have put them at risk for pregnancy in the past month. Less than one‐third knew about the reproductive hormones. Over 80.0 percent knew their reproductive anatomy, 68.8 percent were not keeping any log to track their menstrual flow, 53.6 percent did not know when their next menstruation would be, and 49.6 percent did not know the average number of days for a regular menstrual cycle. Many did not know what ovulation is (47.2%), the ovulation timing (67.2%), the number of eggs released from an ovary each month (79.2%), and how long an egg or sperm could live in a woman's body (62.4%).ConclusionsReproductive knowledge should be assessed during preconception visits and women should be taught comprehensive reproductive education—not just selected topics—to be adequately equipped to make informed reproductive decisions.
Innovations in Practice: a pilot study of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents and their parents
Authors: Gunlicks‐Stoessel Meredith , Mufson Laura 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundProblems in adolescents’ relationships with their parents are a significant risk factor for the development and maintenance of depression. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility and acceptability of an adaptation of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (IPT‐A) who were also experiencing problems in their relationships with parents. The adaptation includes greater and more structured parent involvement in the treatment (IPT‐AP).MethodFifteen adolescents (age 12–17) who were diagnosed with depression and were also experiencing conflictual or emotionally disengaged relationships with their parents (based on adolescent or parent report on the Conflict Behavior Questionnaire) participated in a 16 week randomized clinical trial of individually delivered IPT‐A versus IPT‐AP. Data regarding the feasibility and acceptability of IPT‐AP were collected. Assessments of depression and family functioning were completed at baseline and weeks 4, 8, 12, and 16 by evaluators blind to treatment condition.ResultsIPT‐AP was feasible to implement, and adolescents and parents reported high treatment satisfaction. Adolescents demonstrated significant improvements in depressive symptoms, general functioning, and family functioning. IPT‐AP was more efficacious than individual IPT‐A in improving adolescents’ perceptions of father–adolescent relations and mothers’ perceptions of mother–adolescent relations.ConclusionsInterpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents and their parents was feasible to implement and acceptable to families, indicating that a full‐scale randomized controlled trial to evaluate its efficacy is warranted.
Interleukin-9 and T helper type 9 cells in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Ciccia F , Guggino G , Ferrante A , Cipriani P , Giacomelli R , Triolo G 
Published: May 2016

Summary
Interleukin (IL)-9 is a 28-30 kDa monomeric glycosylated polypeptide belonging to the IL-7/IL-9 family of proteins that bind to a composite receptor consisting of the private receptor IL-9R and the IL-2 receptor, gamma (IL-2RG), a common gamma subunit shared by the receptors of many different cytokines. The IL-9R is expressed widely and IL-9 impacts a number of effector cells, such as effector T cells, B cells, innate lymphoid cells, mast cells, polymorphonuclear cells, epithelial cells and smooth muscle cells, playing an important role in regulating inflammatory immunity. The critical role of IL-9 in promoting cellular and humoral immune responses makes it an important focus of potential therapeutic interventions. Recently, a defined subset of T helper type cells, Th9 cells, has been identified by the potent production of IL-9. The involvement of the Th9 cell subset has been described in many types of inflammatory diseases, namely atopic diseases, helminth infections, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and ulcerative colitis. In this review, we summarize the IL-9 biological activities, highlighting roles for IL-9 and Th9 cells in rheumatoid and psoriatic arthritis, systemic vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis.
Neuroinflammation in motor neuron disease
Authors: Endo Fumito , Komine Okiru , Yamanaka Koji 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNeuroinflammation, which is characterized by activated microglia, astrocytes, infiltrating immune cells and the subsequent production of inflammatory mediators, is linked to a pathological process common to neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that activated glial cells and immune cells surrounding motor neurons also contribute to the non‐cell autonomous neurodegeneration through neuroinflammation mediated by these non‐neuronal cells. As activated microglia can produce pro‐inflammatory cytokines and other neurotoxic or protective molecules under the control of infiltrated T cells and astrocytes, neuroinflammation includes both the detrimental and beneficial effects on motor neurons. Activated astrocytes also have an important role in neuroinflammation in ALS by interfering with the beneficial effects of neuroinflammation partly by transforming growth factor‐β1. In the peripheral blood of ALS patients, CD4+ T cells might have a tendency to polarize toward pro‐inflammatory type 1 T helper cells, and regulatory T cells are decreased during disease progression in ALS. Many ongoing clinical trials for ALS targeting neuroinflammation, together with a further understanding of the role of neuroinflammation in disease, will lead to the development of novel therapeutics for ALS.
A Long Time Gone: Post‐conflict Rural Property Restitution under Customary Law
Authors: Joireman Sandra F. , Meitzner Yoder Laura S. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTMass displacement of people due to violence poses a unique set of challenges for property restitution when people return to their homes after a long absence. This is particularly evident in rural areas where the dominant form of land holding is customary tenure. Violence‐induced displacement, unlike voluntary migration, challenges both customary and public legal‐administrative structures. The lack of written documentation of customary holdings and the importance of the support of community leaders means that incorporating returnees back into a community can be easier for those who choose to return, while reclaiming property without physical return is nearly impossible. This article seeks to make three contributions: 1) to note the diversity of return processes after long displacements in terms of timing and demographics; 2) to demonstrate that the nature of the claims people can make on customary tenure systems is at odds with international legal norms on property restitution after displacement; and 3) to introduce a set of observations and questions on how conflict can change customary law. The article is based on fieldwork conducted in Uganda, Liberia and Timor‐Leste, all countries with extended displacement where most of the rural land is held via customary claims.