bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of Improved Feeding Methods in the Culture of Yellow Tang, Zebrasoma flavescens
Authors: Callan Chatham K. , Burgess Aurora I. , Rothe Cara R. , Touse Renee 
Published: January 2018

AbstractYellow tang, Zebrasoma flavescens, are one of the most heavily traded marine aquarium fish species, with nearly 400,000 individuals collected annually from Hawaii's reefs. Despite recent success culturing this species, significant challenges in the rearing processes remain to be overcome before commercialization is feasible. This study compared two feeding regimens, an original diet treatment, which was initially used to successfully culture yellow tang, and a revised diet, which differed in the timing of the introduction of feed items and weaning periods. Both diet regimens consisted of Parvocalanus crassirostris nauplii, enriched Brachionus rotundiformis rotifers, and Artemia nauplii, followed by a transition to dry and frozen feed items. The revised feeding regimen aimed to considerably reduce the amount of copepods and rotifers needed in the rearing process. Eggs were stocked at 40/L into replicate (n = 3) 200‐L tanks for the feeding regimen trial. A follow‐up rearing study, in which eggs were stocked at 19/L in a single 1000‐L tank, tested the revised feeding method at pilot scale. Fish reared on the revised feeding regimen were observed to grow faster in body length and body depth after 2 wk in culture and transitioned more quickly to juveniles as 41% had completed their transition to juvenile coloration by 70 d after hatch. None of the fish reared under the original feeding regimen attained full juvenile coloration during the study period. Survival was not significantly different between treatments and was 0.13% ± 0.13 and 0.29% ± 0.17 in the original and revised feeding regimens, respectively. In the pilot‐scale study, growth was comparable to that of both treatments in the 200‐L scale trial, but survival was much better at 1.9%. This study successfully shortened the copepod and rotifer feeding periods for yellow tang, while not jeopardizing growth or survival. This outcome enhances the commercialization potential for this and likely other Acanthuridae species.
The physiology of leadership in fish shoals: leaders have lower maximal metabolic rates and lower aerobic scope
Authors: Ward A. J. W. , Herbert‐Read J. E. , Schaerf T. M. , Seebacher F. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe question of who leads and who follows is crucial to our understanding of the collective movements of group‐living animals. Various characteristics associated with leadership have been documented across a range of social taxa, including hunger, motivation, dominance and personality. Comparatively little is known about the physiological mechanisms that underlie leadership. Here, we tested whether the metabolic phenotype of individual fish (x‐ray tetras, Pristella maxillaris) determined their relative position within a moving shoal and their tendency to act as leaders. In contrast to previous work, we found that individuals with low maximal metabolic rates and low aerobic scope tended to be more likely to be found at the front of shoals and were more likely to act as leaders. We suggest that leadership by low‐performing individuals leads to greater group cohesion. However, in more challenging environmental contexts, such as flowing water, higher performing animals may be more likely to become leaders while low‐performing individuals seek the more favourable hydrodynamic conditions at the rear of the group. Hence, the travelling speed of the group may mediate the relationship between metabolic phenotype and leadership.
Transmitting Ainu traditional food knowledge from mothers to their daughters
Authors: Iwasaki‐Goodman Masami 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSince 2004, research has been conducted in the Ainu Indigenous community of the Saru River Region of Biratori in Northern Japan examining traditional food use knowledge. The purpose was to improve the socio‐cultural environment for the Ainu People by implementing interventions meant to reintroduce traditional Ainu food use, so that they can live with dignity and in harmony with non‐Ainu people in the heterogeneous community where Japanese cultural values dominate. Ten years after the start of this research, a series of interviews was conducted with Ainu mothers and daughters active in the community to evaluate the result of the interventions because, in accordance with culturally established Ainu gender roles, the Ainu women prepare the Ainu dishes. The interviews indicated that the community of both Ainu and non‐Ainu people shared traditional Ainu food as a communal food at community events organized by the Ainu members of the community. The people in the community now identify traditional Ainu dishes with Ainu names, indicating the establishment of culinary and linguistic boundaries between Ainu traditional food and mainstream Japanese food. This also signals that the Ainu People have begun to establish a basis for reconstructing their unique ethnic identity, once suppressed by the government's former assimilation policy.
Reclaiming food security in the Mohawk community of Kahnawà:ke through Haudenosaunee responsibilities
Authors: Delormier Treena , Horn‐Miller Kahente , McComber Alex M. , Marquis Kaylia 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIndigenous Peoples are reclaiming their food security, nutrition, and well‐being by revitalizing food systems, livelihoods, knowledge‐systems, and governance. Our food security research is guided by sustainable self‐determination that focuses on restoring Indigenous cultural responsibilities and relationships to land, each other, and the natural world (Corntassel, 2008). Our Kanien'kehá:ka (Mohawk) research team from Kahnawà:ke, in Quebec, Canada, examines food insecurity experiences in our community to explore ways of upholding our Haudenosaunee responsibilities and enhancing local food security. We collaboratively designed the study and interviewed Kahnawakehró:non (people from the Kahnawake community) with traditional knowledge, extensive community experience, and interests in food and culture. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analysed by the team. Analysis characterized food insecurity experiences and conditions that challenge and enable food security with attention to traditional food systems, relationships to land, and gender‐related responsibilities. Findings show that communal responsibilities generate resilient strategies that provide for all in times of crisis, and long‐term food insecurity is managed through social programs, organized charities, and family support. Enhancing food security involves healing and protecting a limited land‐base for food production, integrating food production with community priorities for education, training, health, economic development, and scientific innovation. Nurturing spiritual connections with tionhnhéhkwen (life sustaining foods), the natural world, and each other calls for accelerated teaching and practicing our original instructions. Challenges in developing food security leadership, balancing capitalism and subsistence economies, and strengthening social relationships are rooted in the historical colonial and current settler‐colonial context that disrupts all aspects of Kanien'kehá:ka society.
A comparison of monetary and fiscal policy interaction under ‘sound’ and ‘functional’ finance regimes
Authors: Mason J. W. , Jayadev Arjun 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe interest rate and the fiscal balance can be thought of as two independent instruments to be assigned to two targets, the path of output and the path of public debt. Under what we term a ‘sound finance rule’ the interest rate targets output while the fiscal balance targets public debt; under a ‘functional finance rule’ the budget balance targets the output gap and the interest rate targets the debt ratio. The same unique combination of interest rate and fiscal balance will be consistent with output at potential and a constant debt‐GDP ratio regardless of which instrument is assigned to which target. The stability characteristics of the two rules differ, however. At low levels of debt, both rules converge to the targets, but there is a threshold debt level above which only the functional finance rule converges. Contrary to conventional wisdom, therefore, the case for countercyclical fiscal policy becomes stronger, not weaker, when the ratio of public debt to GDP is already high. We apply our framework to describe the possibility of policy‐generated cycles in the United States over the past five decades.
Periodontal and chronic kidney disease association: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Kapellas Kostas , Singh Ankur , Bertotti Maitê , Nascimento Gustavo G. , Jamieson Lisa M ,   on behalf of the Perio‐CKD collaboration
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTAimChronic kidney disease (CKD) and kidney failure is increasing globally and evidence from observational studies suggest periodontal disease may contribute to kidney functional decline.MethodsElectronic searches of the PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were conducted for the purposes of conducting a systematic review. Hand searching of reference lists was also performed. Meta‐analysis of observational studies involving periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease in adults was performed.ResultsA total of 17 studies was selected from an initial 4055 abstracts. Pooled estimates indicated the odds of having CKD were 60% higher among patients with periodontitis: pooled OR 1.60 (95% CI 1.44–1.79, I235.2%,P = 0.11) compared to those without. Conversely, a similar magnitude but non‐significant higher odds of having periodontal disease was found among people with CKD 1.69 (95% CI: 0.84, 3.40, I2= 89.8%,P < 0.00) versus non‐CKD. Meta‐regression revealed study quality based on the Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale and statistical adjustment for potential confounders explained almost 35% of the heterogeneity in the studies investigating the association between CKD and periodontitis.ConclusionsModerate evidence for a positive association between periodontitis and CKD exists. Evidence for the opposite direction is extremely weak based on significant heterogeneity between studies.
Plant genetic resources for food and agriculture: opportunities and challenges emerging from the science and information technology revolution
Authors: Halewood Michael , Chiurugwi Tinashe , Sackville Hamilton Ruaraidh , Kurtz Brad , Marden Emily , Welch Eric , Michiels Frank , Mozafari Javad , Sabran Muhamad , Patron Nicola , Kersey Paul , Bastow Ruth , Dorius Shawn , Dias Sonia , McCouch Susan , Powell Wayne 
Published: January 2018

Contents

Summary
1407

I.
Introduction
1408

II.
Technological advances and their utility for gene banks and breeding, and longer‐term contributions to SDGs
1408

III.
The challenges that must be overcome to realise emerging R&D opportunities
1410

IV.
Renewed governance structures for PGR (and related big data)
1413

V.
Access and benefit sharing and big data
1416

VI.
Conclusion
1417

Acknowledgements
1417

ORCID
1417

References
1417

SummaryOver the last decade, there has been an ongoing revolution in the exploration, manipulation and synthesis of biological systems, through the development of new technologies that generate, analyse and exploit big data. Users of Plant Genetic Resources (PGR) can potentially leverage these capacities to significantly increase the efficiency and effectiveness of their efforts to conserve, discover and utilise novel qualities in PGR, and help achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This review advances the discussion on these emerging opportunities and discusses how taking advantage of them will require data integration and synthesis across disciplinary, organisational and international boundaries, and the formation of multi‐disciplinary, international partnerships. We explore some of the institutional and policy challenges that these efforts will face, particularly how these new technologies may influence the structure and role of research for sustainable development, ownership of resources, and access and benefit sharing. We discuss potential responses to political and institutional challenges, ranging from options for enhanced structure and governance of research discovery platforms to internationally brokered benefit‐sharing agreements, and identify a set of broad principles that could guide the global community as it seeks or considers solutions.
Market size and TFP in the Melitz model
Authors: Felbermayr Gabriel , Jung Benjamin 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTrade theory in the Krugman tradition predicts a positive correlation between market size and countries' total factor productivity (TFP). However, in the data, there is no such correlation. Models with heterogeneous firms and selection can reconcile theory and empirics, when the degree of external economies of scale is lower than assumed in the standard CES case. Realistically, larger countries have an over‐proportionate share of firms. With export selection, these countries have more input varieties available, but they also have a lower average productivity of firms. Which of these effects dominates depends on the degree of external economies of scale.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant in a patient with leprosy: Is it safe?
Authors: Salomão Matias Chiarastelli , Batista Marjorie Vieira , de Macedo Maria Cristina , Sotto Mirian Nacagami , Duarte Amaro Nunes , Rocha Vanderson Geraldo , Higashino Hermes Ryoiti , Costa Silvia Figueiredo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA patient with non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, preparing for an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT), developed leprosy. The patient was successfully treated with rifampicin, ofloxacin, and doxycycline, and the HSCT was performed without complications, being the first report, to our knowledge, of leprosy in an autologous HSCT patient.
Carcinocythemia: First report in a cat and literature review
Authors: Sá e Lemos Eva , Lima de Carvalho Hugo , Gil da Costa Rui M. , Pinto da Cunha Nazaré 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA 6‐year‐old female neutered European Shorthair cat was presented with a 2‐day history of lethargy and hyporexia. On physical examination, the cat was slightly depressed and had a 2.5 cm nodule in the left 3rd mammary gland. The hemogram revealed mild leukocytosis with mature neutrophilia and moderate thrombocytopenia. On blood smear evaluation, rare pleomorphic cells, possibly of epithelial origin, were observed mainly at the feathered edge. The animal died about 12 hours after presentation, and a necropsy was performed. On histopathology, the mammary nodule was diagnosed as a tubulopapillary adenocarcinoma with vascular invasion and widespread metastases. Immunocytochemical tests for cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) confirmed the epithelial phenotype of the neoplastic cells observed on the blood smear. The present report describes a feline mammary carcinoma with widespread metastases and the presence of malignant epithelial cells in the peripheral blood referred to as carcinocythemia. This condition has been previously described in people and dogs. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of feline carcinocythemia. As in other species, the phenomenon was associated with a terminal phase of systemic malignancy.
A high plasma: red blood cell transfusion ratio during liver transplantation is associated with decreased blood utilization
Authors: Pagano M. B. , Metcalf R. A. , Hess J. R. , Reyes J. , Perkins J. D. , Montenovo M. I. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundDuring massive transfusion, the volume ratio of administered plasma (PL Vol) to red blood cell (RBC Vol) appears to be associated with reduced blood utilization and improved survival. The aim of this study was to evaluate the optimal component ratio in the setting of liver transplantation.MethodsThis is a retrospective chart review of patients who underwent liver transplantation and received at least 500 ml of red blood cells from January 2013 through December 2015. Kernel smoothing analysis determined the proper component ratios to evaluate were a ≥0·85:1 ratio (high) to a ≤0·85:1 ratio (low). Two groups, plasma volume to RBC volume (PL Vol/RBC Vol) and plasma contained in the platelet units added to the plasma calculation [PL + PLT (platelet)] Vol/RBC Vol, were used to evaluate the component ratios.ResultsA total of 188 patients were included in the analysis. In the PL Vol/RBC Vol evaluation, a low ratio revealed that 1238 ml (977–1653 ml) (P < 0·0001) and 1178 ml (747–1178) (P < 0·0001) of RBC were used in excess compared to the high ratio, in the univariable and multivariable analysis, respectively. In the PL +PLT Vol/RBC Vol evaluation, a low ratio used 734 ml (193–1275) (P = 0·008) and 886 ml (431–1340) (P < 0·0001) of RBC in excess when compared to high ratio in the univariable and multivariable analysis, respectively.ConclusionIn patients undergoing liver transplantation, the transfusion of plasma to RBC ratio ≥0·85 was associated with decreased need of RBC transfusions.
Working together on transfusion audits to improve clinical practice
Authors: Zhong X. , Heng M.L. , Lam J.C.M. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundFor many years, great efforts have been put in place to ensure quality and safety of blood and blood products during collection and processing. In recent years, the focus has shifted to enhancement of clinical transfusion processes. Conducting audits is one effective mechanism of evaluating the ongoing blood administration process against set standards.MethodsRandom transfusion audits were conducted jointly by both Blood Bank technical staff and the transfusion nurse in Paediatric and Obstetric wards using a checklist. This checklist consisted of essential procedures and checks during blood transfusion. Transfusion slips were also audited against defined standards.ResultsMany good transfusion practices were observed. In the majority of cases, there was positive identification of patients before transfusion by doctor and nurse. However, there were many areas requiring improvement, including inconsistency in setting up transfusions across different clinical areas in the hospital. Knowledge deficit was identified in eight key areas when results of a transfusion knowledge questionnaire were reviewed. Audit of the transfusion slips revealed a major concern with putting up blood for transfusion within 30 minutes. All findings were reviewed, and interventions were undertaken. A formal transfusion training programme was implemented, and the institution's clinical transfusion protocol was revised for better clarity.ConclusionInitiatives implemented after reviewing all findings from the transfusion audits lead to improved practice, thereby enhancing patients’ safety. Continuous audit will be required to monitor and sustain improvements.
The value of glycated albumin for the prediction of graft outcome in the non‐human primate porcine islet transplantation model
Authors: Kang Hee Jung , Lee Haneulnari , Park Eun Mi , Kim Jong‐Min , Shin Jun‐Seop , Park Chung‐Gyu 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe development of a precise and easy‐to‐use tool for monitoring islet graft function is important in clarifying the causes of graft loss, identifying appropriate therapy, and ensuring graft survival in the nonhuman primate (NHP) model of porcine islet transplantation (PITx). Glycated albumin (GA) is an indicator of intermediate‐term changes in blood glucose control and is useful in clinical diabetes management. The validity of GA for monitoring graft function in NHP recipients of PITx was evaluated using a retrospective analysis of cohort samples.MethodsData from a total of 23 PITxs performed in 20 recipients (3 were retransplanted) were included in this study. Islet clusters purified from adult wild‐type pigs were transplanted via the intraportal route into streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rhesus monkeys with immune suppression. Blood samples were obtained once per week from the recipients until they lost insulin‐independence. Blood samples were also obtained from 69 non‐diabetic monkeys that served as a control group. The levels of GA and albumin in stored plasma aliquots were measured using each enzymatic method, and the GA result was expressed as the percentage of GA level to the total albumin level.ResultsThe median level of GA in the recipients on the day of PITx (median 18.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 16.7%‐20.4%) was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (median 9.14%, 95% CI 9.0%‐9.3%, P < .0001). However, the level decreased after PITx and remained low or increased depending on the extent of residual graft function. The GA level at a nadir (median 11.6%, 95% CI 10.8%‐13.0%) and the time to reach a nadir (median 43 days, 95% CI 21.7‐69.3 days) both correlated with the duration of insulin‐independence (rho [ρ] = −.605, P = .0028 and ρ = .662, P = .0008, respectively). The GA level strongly correlated with KG, the glucose disappearance rate during intravenous glucose tolerance testing (ρ = −.76, P < .0001). At post‐transplant week (PTW) 3 and at PTW 4, the GA levels in recipients with long‐term insulin‐independence (>90 days) were significantly lower than those with short‐term insulin‐independence, which revealed the excellent performance for the prediction of long‐term insulin‐independence that is comparable to that of porcine C‐peptide (historic data).ConclusionsAs a surrogate indicator for graft function, serial measurement of GA may provide Supporting Information to that obtained from conventional monitoring techniques of graft function for assessing porcine islet grafts in NHP models.
Signal Peptidase Is Necessary and Sufficient for Site 1 Cleavage of RsiV in Bacillus subtilis in Response to Lysozyme
Authors: Castro Ana N. , Lewerke Lincoln T. , Hastie Jessica L. , Ellermeier Craig D. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors are a diverse family of alternative σ factors that allow bacteria to sense and respond to changes in the environment. σ
V
is an ECF σ factor found primarily in low-GC Gram-positive bacteria and is required for lysozyme resistance in several opportunistic pathogens. In the absence of lysozyme, σ
V
is inhibited by the anti-σ factor RsiV. In response to lysozyme, RsiV is degraded via the process of regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP). RIP is initiated by cleavage of RsiV at site 1, which allows the intramembrane protease RasP to cleave RsiV within the transmembrane domain at site 2 and leads to activation of σ
V
. Previous work suggested that RsiV is cleaved by signal peptidase at site 1. Here we demonstrate
in vitro
that signal peptidase is sufficient for cleavage of RsiV only in the presence of lysozyme and provide evidence that multiple
Bacillus subtilis
signal peptidases can cleave RsiV
in vitro
. This cleavage is dependent upon the concentration of lysozyme, consistent with previous work that showed that binding to RsiV was required for σ
V
activation. We also show that signal peptidase activity is required for site 1 cleavage of RsiV
in vivo
. Thus, we demonstrate that signal peptidase is the site 1 protease for RsiV.

IMPORTANCE
Extracytoplasmic function (ECF) σ factors are a diverse family of alternative σ factors that respond to extracellular signals. The ECF σ factor σ
V
is present in many low-GC Gram-positive bacteria and induces resistance to lysozyme, a component of the innate immune system. The anti-σ factor RsiV inhibits σ
V
activity in the absence of lysozyme. Lysozyme binds RsiV, which initiates a proteolytic cascade leading to destruction of RsiV and activation of σ
V
. This proteolytic cascade is initiated by signal peptidase, a component of the general secretory system. We show that signal peptidase is necessary and sufficient for cleavage of RsiV at site 1 in the presence of lysozyme. This report describes a role for signal peptidase in controlling gene expression.