bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SORM‐Enhanced Inverse Reliability Analysis for Geotechnical Multiobjective Reliability‐Based Design Optimization
Authors: Wang Tao , Wang Zhaocheng , Zhang Zheming , Liao Wenwang , Ji Jian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe first‐order reliability method (FORM) is mostly employed in the existing geotechnical reliability‐based design (RBD) methods due to its computational simplicity and efficiency. However, the first‐order Taylor approximation of the limit state surface (LSS) may result in significant errors, especially in cases of highly nonlinear LSS characterized by substantial curvatures. Therefore, FORM‐based RBD methods require a modification of the curvatures to enhance the accuracy of the probabilistic constraints, specifically by converting the target reliability index into a more precise target failure probability. Correspondingly, reliability index‐based design is converted into failure probability‐based design. In this study, the parabolic second‐order reliability method (SORM), which avoids the Hessian calculations, is adopted to improve the accuracy of probabilistic constraints beyond what is achievable with FORM. The proposed SORM‐enhanced RBD method accounts for the curvature information of the nonlinear LSS, modifying the target reliability index to align with the exact target failure probability through the application of SORM. Moreover, by incorporating an implicit coupling function, multiobjective RBD can be effectively implemented without any additional surrogate model. Furthermore, the proposed RBD method is readily extended to reliability‐based design optimization (RBDO) through integration with an optimization strategy. The proposed RBDO method demonstrates a more precise convergence of the probabilistic constraints, surpassing the accuracy of FORM‐based RBDO methods. Notably, the proposed SORM‐enhanced RBDO method not only significantly improves accuracy but also bypasses the necessity for Hessian computation, which remains both the second‐order accuracy and first‐order efficiency. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated through a mathematical example and three practical geotechnical design examples.
Sustained caloric restriction potentiates insulin action by activating prostacyclin synthase
Authors: Merali Carmen , Quinn Connor , Huffman Kim M. , Pieper Carl F. , Bogan Jonathan S. , Barrero Carlos A. , Merali Salim 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveCaloric restriction (CR) is known to enhance insulin sensitivity and reduce the risk of metabolic disorders; however, its molecular mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aims to elucidate specific proteins and pathways responsible for these benefits.MethodsWe examined adipose tissue from participants in the Comprehensive Assessment of Long‐term Effects of Reducing Intake of Energy Phase 2 (CALERIE 2) study, comparing proteomic profiles from individuals after 12 and 24 months of CR with baseline and an ad libitum group. Biochemical and cell‐specific physiological approaches complemented these analyses.ResultsOur data revealed that CR upregulates prostacyclin synthase (PTGIS) in adipose tissue, an enzyme crucial for producing prostacyclin (PGI2). PGI2 improves the ability of insulin to stimulate the tether‐containing UBX domain for GLUT4 (TUG) cleavage pathway, which is essential for glucose uptake regulation. Additionally, iloprost, a PGI2 analog, was shown to increase insulin receptor density on cell membranes, increasing glucose uptake in human adipocytes. CR also reduces carbonylation of GLUT4, a modification that is detrimental to GLUT4 function.ConclusionsCR enhances insulin sensitivity by promoting PTGIS expression and stimulating the TUG cleavage pathway, leading to increased GLUT4 translocation to the cell surface and decreased GLUT4 carbonylation. These findings shed light on the complex molecular mechanisms through which CR favorably impacts insulin sensitivity and metabolic health.
Sequential Detection of Hg2+ and TNT Using a Nitrogen‐Doped Polymeric Carbon Dots On–Off–On Fluorescence Sensor
Authors: Radhakrishnan K. , Suriyaprakash R. , Shunmugakani S. , Saravanan P. , Kumar J. Vinoth , Mythili R. , Al‐Sadoon Mohammad Khalid , Santhamoorthy Madhappan 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis work presents a fluorescence sensor based on nitrogen‐doped carbon dots (N‐CDs) utilized for sequential detection of Hg2+ and TNT. The N‐CDs were produced by a simple and efficient hydrothermal process involving the combination of black bean extract with citric acid (CA) and ethylenediamine (EDA). The resulting N‐CDs exhibit a steady blue fluorescence with a significant quantum yield of 12%. We conducted a thorough investigation into the mechanism by which the fluorescence of NCDs is reduced in the presence of Hg2+. Our analyses, which included Stern–Volmer quenching tests, confirmed the development of a stable complex between N‐CDs and Hg2+. When the NCDs‐Hg2+ complex was exposed to TNT, the fluorescence was selectively restored. This sequential “on–off–on” sensing capacity allows for efficient monitoring of both Hg2+ and TNT, demonstrating good sensitivity and selectivity. The sensor has a low detection limit (LOD) of 3.1 and 46 nM for Hg2+ ions and TNT in a linear range of 0–40 and 0–30 μM, respectively. This study emphasizes the potential application of N‐CDs for detecting heavy metals and explosives at the same time. It highlights their usefulness in sophisticated environmental sensing technologies that are suitable for important applications.
Graphene wrapped porous polyaniline/manganese oxide nanocomposites with enhanced structural stability and conductivity for high‐performance symmetric supercapacitor
Authors: Zheng Chunpeng , Zhu Yang , Li Cheng , Liu Yulan , Huang Huabo , Li Liang , Yu Peng , Ji Jiayou , Xu Ligang , Huang Juan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractManganese oxides have emerged as promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. Despite extensive efforts to improve their conductivity and structural stability through various manganese oxide/conductor nanocomposites, achieving efficient and reliable energy storage electrode materials has remained challenging. In this study, we propose a meticulous “dual enhancement” strategy, where three‐dimensional (3D) nanostructured polyaniline/manganese oxide composites (PM) are synthesized via an in situ method and further integrated with graphene wrapping to form polyaniline/manganese oxide/graphene nanocomposites (PMG). Electrochemical characterization reveals that PMG exhibits a remarkable specific capacitance of up to 403 F g−1 (at 1 A g−1), with a favorable capacitance retention of 80.2% after 5000 cycles, along with a wide potential window. This enhancement is attributed to the synergistic effects of polyaniline, which provides a supportive framework and electron transport pathways, and graphene, which offers external protection and enhances conductivity pathways. Assembled symmetrical supercapacitors demonstrate outstanding energy density (32.7–23.3 Wh kg−1) and power density (720–4500 W kg−1) at a high operating voltage of 1.8 V, surpassing the performance of many reported high‐performance supercapacitors. This study provides valuable insights for advancing manganese oxide electrode materials and is expected to catalyze their widespread adoption in energy storage applications.Highlights
“Dual enhancement” is implemented by PANI supporting and rGO wrapping.
The conductivity and structural stability of composite electrode is greatly enhanced.
Improved capacitance (403 F g−1, 1 A g−1) and cycling stability (80.2%) is achieved.
The symmetrical supercapacitor has high voltage and energy density (32.7 Wh kg−1).
Management implications of latent TB among under‐five children at risk: Insights from a community study in Mumbai, India
Authors: Surve Suchitra , Bhor Vikrant , Gounder Venkateshwaran , Munne Kiran , Begum Shahina , Naukariya Kajal , Gomare Mangala , Puri Varsha , Tipre Pranita , Sutar Narendra , Dhawale Ajay , Naik Rohan , Jaiswal Akanksha , Bhonde Gauri , Shikhare Madhuri , Kamble Rakesh , Dalvi Rachna , Kamat Sharmila , Tryambake Varsha , Chauhan Sanjay , Shah Ira 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLatent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) management is crucial to WHO's End TB Strategy. Indian guidelines recommend treating under‐five children with household TB contacts after ruling out active TB, regardless of TBI testing. However, the precise LTBI burden among children in high TB burden settings like India is unknown. A community‐based study in Mumbai's urban slums screened and managed under‐five children at LTBI risk to understand its epidemiology and inform TB control interventions.MethodsTotal 369 eligible under‐five children were enrolled for the study. LTBI screening was done using Tuberculin skin test and Interferon gamma release assay. Active TB was ruled out before initiation of TB preventive therapy among LTBI positives. Statistical tests like chi‐square, logistic regression analysis and Hosmer‐Lemeshow test were used.ResultsOverall, LTBI prevalence among under‐five children was 12.4% by IGRA and 21.4% by TST. Undernourished children had significantly lower LTBI positivity by IGRA (p = 0.027), while those with household contacts, longer contact duration and drug‐resistant tuberculosis (DR‐TB) exhibited proportionally greater IGRA positivity (p = <0.001).ConclusionThe study found a lower LTBI prevalence among under‐five children compared to adults, with key risk factors being HHC, DR‐TB contact, and prolonged exposure. These findings suggest the need to revise or revisit the TPT framework for this age group in India, particularly by implementing a test‐and‐treat approach.
A New N‐functionalized Pyrrole Derivative Bearing Ruthenium Tris(2,2’‐bipyridine) Subunit
Authors: Bezgin Carbas Buket , Kaya Yasemin , Bekir Yildiz Huseyin , Kivrak Arif 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn recent years, nitrogen‐based ruthenium complexes have become an important material for dye‐sensitized solar cells and photo‐catalytic H2O and CO2 reduction research and applications, thanks to their charge transfer feature from the metal to the ligand. The electronic and spectral properties of such materials can be easily modified by changing the substituents and ligands. In this study, a new ruthenium (II) complex with N‐functionalized pyrrole derivative ([Ru(bpy)2(bpyCONHArPy)]+2 complex) was successfully synthesized and characterized. Its optical and electrochemical properties were studied by means of fluorescence, UV‐vis spectrometry, FTIR spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. These results were compared with that of its components (4‐(1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl) aniline, N4,N4′‐bis(4‐(1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)phenyl)‐[2,2′‐bipyridine]‐4,4′‐dicarboxamide and ligand [Ru(bpy)3]+2). Related theoretical studies were also studied to find energy levels of complex. The present work is carried out to understand what chemical changes bring when combination of all the pieces of the puzzle into a chemical structure step by step.
Enhancing SO2 Resistance of Mn−Ce−Co Loaded Activated Carbon Catalysts for Low‐Temperature NH3‐SCR: Insight into the Effect of Citrate Addition
Authors: Yang Mingjie , Zhu Yujie , Wang Jitong , Ma Cheng , Ling Licheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe low‐temperature performance and ability to withstand SO2 poisoning of catalyst are crucial factors in evaluating the NH3‐SCR technology. In this study, honeycomb activated carbon loaded with Mn−Ce−Co catalysts was prepared using the citric acid complex impregnation method, simple impregnation and citric acid pre‐oxidation methods for low‐temperature NH3‐SCR. The synergistic effect of citric acid and ternary metals results in catalysts prepared by the citric acid complex impregnation method exhibiting excellent redox properties and a high abundance of acidic sites. By increasing catalyst acidity and introducing CeO2 sacrificial sites, the catalytic performance was improved, resulting in weaker adsorption capacity of the catalysts for SO2, enhancing SO2 tolerance. The catalyst demonstrated 100 % NOx removal at 160 °C which remained stable even after a 100 ppm SO2 pass for four hours. In addition, the catalyst showed good CO oxidation performance, with 78 % CO removal at 170 °C, which broadened the application scenario of the catalyst. This study highlights the denitrification effect of activated carbon supported Mn−Ce−Co ternary metal oxide catalysts and reveals the potential of multiple coupled approaches in improving the sulfur resistance of the catalysts.
Functionalized Nanomaterials for Detecting Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Dave Raj , Pandey Kshipra , Jain Sweny , Kshtriya Vivekshinh , Sengupta Poulomi , Kumar Verma Sandeep , Gour Nidhi , Bhatia Dhiraj 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe environment consists of wide diversity, of which, an integral and most diversifying part is the living organisms, and hence it is imperative to design novel strategies that could alleviate pollutants and detect them at very minute levels. The functionalization of nanomaterials provides a very facile and efficient tool for the design of robust sensors that could detect pollutants that contaminate air, water, and soil. Because of their nanoscale size, these materials have enhanced surface‐to‐volume ratio, which in turn provide more reaction sites for the analyte interaction and enables highly specific and sensitive detection. Different nanomaterials like metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon‐based nanomaterials, and miscellaneous nanomaterials like polymer, dendrimers, metal‐organic frameworks are functionalized with suitable ligands for efficient detection of a wide range of pollutants such as heavy metals, pesticides, industrial wastes, volatile organic compounds, toxic gases, and environmental pathogens with efficient level of sensitivity. In this review, we will briefly discuss different types of functionalized nanomaterials, strategies adopted for their functionalization, detection methodologies pursued for specific sensing and detection of different types of pollutants and their critical analysis, and future outlook.
SCC/PVA Hydrogel with Self‐Healing Capability for Electrochromic Device
Authors: Song Weixing , Zhang Zhenxiao , Hao Meng , Hu Xingwei , Chai Jiaqi , Jiang Bo , Song Ying 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCracking caused by aging or repeated bending can severely affect the lifetime of electrochromic devices. In this work, a self‐healing electrochromic hydrogel was developed with poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐sodium carboxymethyl chitosan (SCC) semi‐inter transfer network as the matrix, viologen bromide (HPV2+2Br−) as the electrochromic substance, and borax as the cross‐linking agent. The self‐healing properties of hydrogel stem from the dynamic and reversible borate bonds between borax and PVA molecular chains. As the voltage changes, the color of the device transitions from colorless to light purple and then to dark purple. The optical contrast at 600 nm reaches approximately 51 %. At room temperature, the disconnected hydrogel can fully restore its original state after 30 minutes of contact, effectively addressing issues related to cracks and damage in flexible electrochromic devices. This research holds significant implications for enhancing the reliability and stability of flexible electrochromic devices.
Fe3O4@ATA‐Mo Complex as a Suitable and Reusable NanoCatalyst for Solvent‐Free Synthesis of Dihydropyrimidinones
Authors: Jassim Kazem Mohammad , Ghassamipour Soheila 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized and functionalized by molybdenum aurintricarboxylic acid. Complex physicochemical characteristics of the catalyst were investigated by various methods such as infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and X‐ray energy diffraction spectroscopy. The results confirmed the spherical morphology, nanoscale size, magnetic properties, and the presence of the desired elements in the synthesized catalyst. Efficiency of the catalyst was determined by the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinone derivatives via Biginelli condensation. Under optimal conditions, a variety of dihydropyrimidinones derivatives were synthesized with good and excellent yields. The magnetic nature of the catalyst, easy separation of the reaction mixture, and catalyst reusability are the advantages of this work. The use of solvent‐free conditions is the other advantage.
Properties of Thin Film Composites of rGO–SnO2 and Modeling of Ultraviolet Laser‐Induced Conductivity Decay
Authors: de Almeida André Luis , Fonseca Lucas Prado , de Oliveira Natália Carli , Martins Lucas Michelão , Bueno Cristina de Freitas , Scalvi Luis Vicente de Andrade 
Published: October 2024

AbstractReduced graphene oxide (rGO) and tin dioxide (SnO2) form composites in a wide range of SnO2/rGO proportions, which are deposited as thin films on borosilicate glass and silica substrates. The rGO proportion affects the SnO2 optical properties and the sample surface, as observed by optical transmittance and confocal and scanning electron microscopies images, mainly for high proportion of rGO. For low proportion, the presence of small surface islands may contribute to optical confinement. The evaluated bandgap is basically from the SnO2 matrix unless the presence of rGO affects the optical absorption edge. Monochromatic ultraviolet light from a He–Cd laser (325 nm) irradiating on the composite film increases the conductivity, giving rise to the phenomenon of persistent photoconductivity (PPC), even very close to room temperature. Modeling by considering mainly the SnO2/rGO interface barrier for electron transport, yield an interface energy barrier of 250 meV. The strong response to ultraviolet light and the phenomenon of PPC indicates potential application in amplifiers, which could be adjusted by doping with rare‐earth ions, such as Er3+ in the SnO2 matrix.
Design, Synthesis, Computational Study, and Antidiabetic Evaluation of Benzoxazole Derivatives
Authors: Mahajan Amol , Yadav Shreyash Santosh , Malik Jatin , Agarwal Dhairiya , Ambatwar Ramesh , Datusalia Ashok Kumar , Khatik Gopal L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAlpha‐amylase plays a crucial role in blood glucose levels, and thus, its inhibitor can be used to control diabetes. Thus, in vitro alpha‐amylase inhibitory activities were studied for synthesized benzoxazole compounds. The 2‐amino‐benzoxazoles were prepared by reacting 2‐aminophenol with cyanogen bromide, which was coupled with phenoxy acetic acid derivatives (6 a‐n). The compound 6 h was found to be significantly active with IC50 values of 348.43 μg/mL against alpha‐amylase compared to acarbose (IC50=682.54 μg/mL). The molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation showed better affinity and stability of 6 h at the binding site of the alpha‐amylase protein. Further, a preliminary bioevalauation and antidiabetic study were done through in vivo using SD rats. The efficacy study showed a significant improvement in glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, and HDL levels in the compound 6 h and was found to be a lead antidiabetic agent.
Temperature‐Dependent Surface Anisotropy in (110) Epitaxial Rare Earth Iron Garnet Films
Authors: Song Yixuan , Lasinger Katharina , Tang Hao , Li Ju , Beach Geoffrey S. D. , Ross Caroline A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFerrimagnetic oxide thin films are important material platforms for spintronic devices. Films grown on low symmetry orientations such as (110) exhibit complex anisotropy landscapes that can provide insight into novel phenomena such as spin‐torque auto‐oscillation and spin superfluidity. Using spin‐Hall magnetoresistance measurements, the in‐plane (IP) and out‐of‐plane (OOP) uniaxial anisotropy energies are determined for a thickness series (5–50 nm) of europium iron garnet (EuIG) and thulium iron garnet (TmIG) films epitaxially grown on a gadolinium gallium substrate with (110) orientation and capped with Pt. Pt/EuIG/GGG exhibits an (001) easy plane of magnetization perpendicular to the substrate, whereas Pt/TmIG/GGG exhibits an (001) hard plane of magnetization perpendicular to the substrate with an IP easy axis. Both IP and OOP surface anisotropy energies comparable in magnitude to the bulk anisotropy are observed. The temperature dependence of the surface anisotropies is consistent with first‐order predictions of a simplified Néel surface anisotropy model. By taking advantage of the thickness and temperature dependence demonstrated in these ferrimagnetic oxides grown on the low symmetry (110) orientations, the complex anisotropy landscapes can be tuned to act as a platform to explore rich spin textures and dynamics.
Recent Developments in Membrane‐Free Hybrid Water Electrolysis for Low‐Cost Hydrogen Production Along with Value‐Added Products
Authors: Vadivel Neshanth , Murthy Arun Prasad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWater electrolysis using renewable energy is considered as a promising technique for sustainable and green hydrogen production. Conventional water electrolysis has two components – hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) occurring at the cathode and anode respectively. However, electrolysis of water suffers from high overpotential due to the slow kinetics of OER. To overcome this hybrid water electrolysis has been developed by replacing conventional anode oxidation producing oxygen with oxidation of cost‐effective materials producing value‐added chemicals. This review summarizes recent advances in organic oxidative reactions such as alcohols, urea, hydrazine, and biomass at the anode instead of OER. Furthermore, the review also highlights the use of membrane‐free hybrid water electrolysis as a method to overcome the cost and complexity associated with conventional membrane‐based electrolyzer thereby improving overall efficiency. This approach holds promise for scalable and cost‐effective large‐scale hydrogen production along with value‐added products. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are discussed for further development in membrane‐free hybrid water electrolysis.
Mild and Subtle Synthesis of β‐Ketoenamine COFs with High Crystallinity and Controllable Solubility Guided by a Monomer Preassembly Strategy
Authors: Zhang Yingdan , He Pan , Zhang Meicheng , Zhang Jie , He Ningning , Zou Yingdi , Fan Zhiying , Deng Chan , Li Yang , Ma Lijian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe stability of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is crucial for their applications in demanding environments. However, increasing the stability of COFs often comes with challenges such as higher synthesis difficulty, lower crystal quality, and reduced controllability during synthesis, making it difficult to regulate dimensions and morphology, thereby impacting the processing and shaping of stable COFs. Herein, the study presents a novel confined polymerization approach guided by hydrogen bonding preassembly to synthesize a soluble and stable COF featuring β‐ketoenamine linkage. The presence of relatively weaker hydrogen bonds accelerates the orderly arrangement of monomers, ensuring appropriate spacing, and orientations among functional groups. This facilitates efficient covalent polymerization, leading to the creation of the framework while minimizing the “self‐correction” mechanism during crystal growth, thereby enhancing the efficiency of COF synthesis. Furthermore, this method offers precise control over the size of the synthesized COF. The resulting crystalline COF can be toggled between dissolution and precipitation states, facilitating the fabrication of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) through leveraging the solubility properties of COF. Overall, this pioneering strategy yields valuable insights for advancing weak bond assembly‐mediated confined polymerization approaches, the controlled synthesis of stable COFs, and the preparation and processing of soluble COFs in diverse applications.