bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Postoperative Outcomes after Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy: A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Lin Fan , Hengli Lu , Zhu Kunpeng , Bao Yuchen , Pan Jianfeng 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveArthroscopic partial meniscectomy is a widely used surgical technique for treating meniscus injuries, while individual differences in postoperative outcomes remain a significant concern. This retrospective study aimed to identify the factors influencing clinical outcomes following arthroscopic partial meniscectomy.MethodsWe retrospectively examined the clinical data of 52 patients who underwent arthroscopic partial meniscectomy at our institution from January to May 2022. Observation indicators, including gender, age, type of medical insurance, various surgeons, the self‐pay portion of hospital costs, and total hospital costs, were systematically recorded. Subjective symptoms were evaluated with ΔTenger, ΔLysholm, and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) scores during follow‐up. The trends of the above questionnaires and potential predictors were statistically evaluated through regression analysis.ResultsBinary logistic analysis revealed that female patients (OR: 32.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.22, 473.86) and higher preoperative visual analog scale (VAS) (odds ratio [OR]: 3.58; 95% CI: 1.55, 8.28) were significantly associated with FP Lysholm score. Similarly, patients with elevated preoperative VAS (OR: 1.47; 95% CI: 1.01, 2.15) were significantly more likely to have FP IKDC scores. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that traumatic meniscus tear (β = −0.324; 95% CI: −0.948, −0.036; p = 0.035) emerged as a negative independent predictor of ΔTegner, while higher preoperative VAS scores (β = 0.330; 95% CI: 0.013, 0.217; p = 0.028) were identified as positive independent predictors of ΔTegner. The duration of symptoms (β = −0.327; 95% CI: −0.010, −0.001; p = 0.023) had a negative impact on the ΔLysholm scores. Factors such as body mass index (BMI) (β = −0.250; 95% CI: −1.000, −0.020; p = 0.042), duration of symptoms (β = −0.302; 95% CI: −0.009, −0.001; p = 0.014), and preoperative VAS (β = −0.332; 95% CI: −1.813, −0.250; p = 0.011) were negatively associated with ΔIKDC scores.ConclusionThe study offers insights into multiple factors for patient outcomes after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. Orthopedic surgeons need to consider variables such as gender, BMI, duration of symptoms, preoperative VAS, and the traumatic/degenerative types of meniscal tears to optimize postoperative outcomes.
The trade‐off between immunity and product quality of Opisthoplatia orientalis (Blattodea: Blaberidae) under low temperatures
Authors: Qiu Xiaoming , Lin Yongwen , Huang Jing , Akutse Komivi S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOpisthoplatia orientalis Burmeister is a traditional medicinal insect in China that is mass‐produced by entrepreneur farmers. However, low temperatures pose a serious threat to the survival and quality of this insect, causing economic losses to the farmers. This study aimed to test the hypothesis that low temperatures induce a trade‐off between immunity and physical condition of O. orientalis. The phenoloxidase activity and hemocyte concentration of O. orientalis under 25°C and 5°C were measured by micro‐determination and haemocytometre, respectively. The immunocompetence of the insect was also evaluated by inoculating it with Metarhizium anisopliae M11, an entomopathogenic fungus. The physical factors (protein content, fatty acid content and body weight) of O. orientalis were determined accordingly. The results showed that phenoloxidase activity and hemocyte concentration increased from 9.21 mOD/min and 122.30 hemocyte/ml to 3.64 mOD/min and 55.70 hemocyte/ml when temperature down‐regulated from 25 to 5°C. However, the insects at 5°C had higher protein and fatty acid content, but lower body weight, than those at 25°C. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between immunity and protein or fatty acid content, indicating a trade‐off between immunity and physical condition in O. orientalis under low temperatures. This study provides useful insights for improving the efficiency of insect breeding and enhancing the quality of this medicinal insect.
Evaluating neonatal mortality in Malta compared with other EU countries: Exploring the influence of congenital anomalies and maternal risk factors
Authors: Wilhelm Merle , Gatt Miriam , Hrzic Rok , Calleja Neville , Zeeb Hajo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlobally, 240,000 babies die in the neonatal period annually due to congenital anomalies (CA). Malta reports the highest neonatal mortality rate (NMR) among EU (European Union) Countries, constituting a public health concern.ObjectivesThis study describes the contribution of CA to NMR in Malta, investigating possible associations with known maternal risk factors of maternal age, nationality, and education. Additionally, it provides an update on the contribution of CA to neonatal deaths in Malta and other EU countries.MethodsAnonymous data for births and neonatal deaths were obtained for 2006–2020 from the National Obstetrics Information System (NOIS) in Malta. Regression analyses adjusting for maternal risk factors were run on this data to explore possible associations with NMR. NMRs published by EUROSTAT 2011–2020 were used to compare mortality by underlying cause of death (CA or non‐CA causes) for Malta and other EU countries.ResultsBetween 2006 and 2020, 63,890 live births with 283 neonatal deaths were registered in Malta, (NMR 4.4 per 1000 live births). CA accounted for 39.6% of neonatal deaths. No time trends were observed in either total NMR, NMR attributed to CA or mortality due to non‐CA causes. Adjusted variables revealed associations for women hailing from non‐EU, low‐income countries. Malta registered high NMRs compared to EU countries, most marked for deaths attributed to CA.ConclusionsBetween 2006 and 2020, Malta's NMR remained stable. Maternal Nationality, from non‐EU low‐income countries, was associated with higher neonatal mortality. The influx of such migrants may play a partial role in the high NMRs experienced. Malta's high NMR was primarily driven by early neonatal deaths, which included high proportions of deaths due to CA and is linked to the fact that termination of pregnancy is illegal in Malta.
Self‐concealment is associated with brooding, but not with reflection: relationship between self‐concealment and rumination among older adults
Authors: Su Xinning , Ogawa Susumu , Takahashi Yoshifumi , Shimizu Yuho , Yamashiro Daichi , Tsuchiya Toshihito , Li Yan , Kawakubo Kiyo , Furuya Tomoki , Cho Daisuke , Ito Koki , Takahashi Tomoya , Suzuki Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research found that self‐concealment was associated with rumination in younger adults. However, no study had investigated the relationship between self‐concealment and rumination in older adults. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between self‐concealment and the two subfactors of rumination: brooding and reflection, in older adults.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the relationship between self‐concealment and rumination in older adults. Considering that rumination has two subfactors: brooding, which reflects the more maladaptive aspects of rumination; and reflection, which reflects the more adaptive aspects of rumination, we separately investigated the relationship between self‐concealment and the two subfactors of rumination.ResultsWe found that after controlling for other potentially relevant variables and the interrelationship between these two subfactors, self‐concealment was associated with brooding, but not with reflection.ConclusionsSelf‐concealment was only associated with the maladaptive aspect of rumination (i.e. brooding), and not with the adaptive aspects of rumination (i.e. reflection). These findings have important implications for enhancing the understanding of older adults' mental health, and imply that improving self‐concealment could potentially mitigate the maladaptive aspects of rumination, which may offer valuable insights for guiding future psychogeriatrics interventions.
Acute Stress Does Not Affect Motor Imagery Ability in Young, Healthy Participants: A Randomized Trial
Authors: Trapero‐Asenjo Sara , Fernández‐Guinea Sara , Guillot Aymeric , García‐Domínguez Juan Jesús , Nunez‐Nagy Susana 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMotor imagery (MI) is the mental representation of a movement without its execution. It activates internal representations of the movement without external stimulus through different memory‐related processes. Although acute stress is frequent in the population and affects supraspinal structures essential for memory functionality, it is still unknown how that stress affects MI capacity and temporal congruence (TC) between execution and movement imagination. This study aimed to discover how acute stress may influence MI capacity and TC in the subscales of internal and external visual imagery and kinesthetic imagery. A double‐blind, randomized trial was conducted. Sixty‐two young, healthy subjects (mean age = 20.65 [2.54]; 39 females and 23 males) unfamiliar with the assessment and uses of MI were recruited. Participants were assigned by stratified randomization to the stress group or the control group. Stress was induced by the Maastricht Acute Stress Test (MAST), while the control group performed the MAST control protocol. MI capacity and TC were assessed before (t1) and after (t2) MAST stress or control using the Movement Imagery Questionnaire‐3 (MIQ‐3). Electrodermal activity and heart rate variability were further recorded as control variables to assess stress induction. Thirty subjects in the stress group and 26 subjects in the control group were analyzed. No significant group differences were observed when comparing MI capacity or TC in any subscales. These findings suggest that acute stress does not significantly affect MI capacity or TC in young, healthy, non‐experienced MI subjects. MI could thus be a relevant helpful technique in stressful situations.
Remediation of Pb, Cd, and Cu contaminated soil with Mg‐Fe‐Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs) synthesized from waste red mud
Authors: Chai Ao , Ding Senxu , Yu Jiang , Deng Siwei , Yu Jie , Zhu Weiwei , Liu Longyu , Wu Donghai , Wu Yuerong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSoils contaminated with multiple heavy metals pose a significant threat to human health and ecosystem functionality. Following a “treat pollution with waste” strategy, we synthesized Mg‐Fe‐Al ternary layered double hydroxides (LDHs) from waste Bayer red mud for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. Characterization using XRD, FTIR, SEM and EDS methods revealed a characteristic layered structure rich in functional groups, offering reaction sites for heavy metal passivation. Passivation experiments showed that the application of Mg‐Fe‐Al LDHs (2.5 wt.%) reduced the availability of Pb (29.7%), Cd (64.1%) and Cu (66.0%) in contaminated soil from a sulphide iron ore area in southern Sichuan Province. Simulated acid rain experiments showed leachate concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cu reduced by 43.3%, 72.7% and 42.4%, respectively. This work provides a reference for the development of high‐performance and environmentally friendly adsorption‐stabilizing materials for green remediation.
Aircraft Ducted Heat Exchanger Aerodynamic Shape and Thermal Optimization
Authors: Adler Eytan J. , Lamkin Andrew H. R. , Martins Joaquim R. R. A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Interest in aircraft electrification and hydrogen fuel cells is driving demand for efficient waste heat management systems. Ultimately, most of the heat must be rejected to the freestream air. Ducted heat exchangers, also called ducted radiators, are the most common and effective way to do this. Engineers manually design ducted heat exchangers by adjusting the duct's shape and heat exchanger's configuration to reduce drag and transfer sufficient heat. This manual approach misses potential performance improvements because engineers cannot simultaneously consider all of the complex interactions between the detailed duct shape, heat exchanger design, and operating conditions. To find these potential gains, we apply gradient-based optimization to a three-dimensional ducted heat exchanger computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. The optimizer determines the duct shape, heat exchanger size, heater exchanger channel geometry, and coolant flowrate that minimize the ducted heat exchanger's power requirements while rejecting enough heat. Gradient-based optimization enables the use of nearly 100 shape design variables, creating a large design space and allowing fine-tuning of the optimal design. When applied to an arbitrary, poorly performing baseline, our method produces a nuanced and sophisticated ducted heat exchanger design with five times less cruise drag. Employing this method in the design of electric and fuel cell aircraft thermal management could uncover performance not achievable with manual design practices.
Self-Paced Field Running Test in Monitoring Fatigue and Training Adaptations in Recreational Runners
Authors: Nuuttila Olli-Pekka , Uusitalo Arja , Kokkonen Veli-Pekka , Kyröläinen Heikki 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: To examine the reproducibility and sensitivity of a self-paced field running test (SFT) in monitoring positive and negative changes in endurance performance. Methods: A total of 27 (11 women) recreational runners participated in a 6-week training intervention. The intervention was divided into a 3-week baseline period, a 2-week overload period, and a 1-week recovery period. An incremental treadmill test was performed before the baseline period and a 3000-m running test before and after all periods (T1–T4). In addition, the participants performed once a week an SFT (SFT1–6), which consisted of submaximal (6 + 6 + 3-min test at perceived exertion of 9/20, 13/20, and 17/20) and maximal sections (6 × 3-min intervals at maximum sustainable effort). The associations between the incremental treadmill test and the SFT1 performance were examined with the Pearson correlation, and the intraclass correlation was analyzed for the parameters of SFT1 to SFT3 sessions during the baseline period. The repeated-measures correlation was calculated for the 3000-m speed at T1 to T4 and the corresponding speeds at SFT. Results: Significant associations (r = .68–.93; P < .001) were found between the speeds of the SFT and the peak and lactate threshold speeds of the incremental treadmill test. Intraclass correlations varied between .77 and .96, being the highest for the average speed of 6 × 3-minute intervals. Repeated-measures correlation was significant (P < .05) for the 9/20 (r = .24), 13/20 (r = .24), and 6 × 3-minute intervals (r = .29). Conclusions: The SFT seemed a reproducible method to estimate endurance performance in recreational runners. The sensitivity to track short-term and small-magnitude changes in performance seems more limited and might require more standardized conditions.
Community-Based Physical Activity Programs for Blood Pressure Management in African Americans: A Scoping Review
Authors: Miezah Dennis , Wright Julie A. , Hayman Laura L. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Hypertension is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease, with a higher prevalence among African Americans (AA) than other racial groups. The impact of community-based interventions on managing blood pressure (BP) in AA communities is not fully understood. The purpose of this review was to synthesize literature on community-based physical activity (PA) programs designed to manage BP in AA populations. Methods: We conducted a scoping review by searching 4 databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and APA PsycInfo) and reference lists of studies. Search terms included community PA, community-based, hypertension, high BP, AA, Black Americans, PA, and exercise. Inclusion criteria were studies (1) conducted in the United States and (2) published in English language from January 2013 to September 2023, with community-based interventions that included PA for BP management among AA aged ≥18 years. Results: Search results yielded 260 studies, of which 11 met the inclusion criteria. BP decreased over time in studies that incorporated PA, faith-based therapeutic lifestyle changes with nutritional education. The duration of the PA interventions varied, with moderate to vigorous PAs implemented for 12 weeks or longer having a greater impact on BP management. Conclusions: Evidence suggests that community-based PA programs can potentially reduce BP among AA. PA programs incorporating faith-based therapeutic lifestyle change with nutritional education appear to reduce BP. Practitioners should consider multicomponent community-based PA initiatives to improve BP outcomes in AA communities.
The Retest Reliability of Common Tests to Assess Physical Qualities in Adolescent Rugby League Players
Authors: Carron Michael A. , Scanlan Aaron T. , Doering Thomas M. 
Published: September 2024

Purpose: Rigorous evidence concerning the reliability of physical tests among young athletes is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to comprehensively determine the retest reliability of the most commonly used tests to assess physical qualities in adolescent rugby league players, and to provide the standard error of measurement and minimal detectable change for each test to support objective athlete monitoring. Method: A repeated-measures design was employed with 50 adolescent, schoolboy rugby league players (16.2 [1.3] y) completing the same testing battery across 2 consecutive weeks. Within each week, stature, body mass, and ∑4 skinfold thickness assessments, as well as countermovement jump, medicine ball throw, and 1-repetition maximum bench press, back squat, and prone row tests were conducted on the first testing day. Forty-eight hours later, a second testing day contained the 10- and 20-m linear sprints, 505-Agility Test, L-run Test, and Multistage Fitness Test. Results: Nonsignificant (P > .05), trivial differences (dav = 0.00–0.16) were evident between trials in all tests. The coefficient of variation ranged from 0.05% to 4.02% across tests. The intraclass correlation ranged from .704 to .999. All tests presented relatively low standard error of measurement, with accompanying minimal detectable change provided. Conclusion: These data can help inform decision making among end-users when implementing tests in a repeated manner and interpreting testing data.
Prophylactic phage biocontrol prevents
Burkholderia gladioli
infection in a quantitative
ex planta
model of bacterial virulence
Authors: Lauman Philip , Dennis Jonathan J. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Agricultural crop yield losses and food destruction due to infections by phytopathogenic bacteria such as
Burkholderia gladioli
, which causes devastating diseases in onion, mushroom, corn, and rice crops, pose major threats to worldwide food security and cause enormous damage to the global economy. Biocontrol using bacteriophages has emerged as a promising strategy against a number of phytopathogenic species but has never been attempted against
B. gladioli
due to a lack of quantitative infection models and a scarcity of phages targeting this specific pathogen. In this study, we present a novel, procedurally straightforward, and highly generalizable fully quantitative
ex planta
maceration model and an accompanying quantitative metric, the
ex planta
maceration index (
x
PMI). In utilizing this model to test the
ex planta
virulence of a panel of 12 strains of
B. gladioli
in
Allium cepa
and
Agaricus bisporus
, we uncover substantial temperature-, host-, and strain-dependent diversity in the virulence of this fascinating pathogenic species. Crucially, we demonstrate that
Burkholderia
phages KS12 and AH2, respectively, prevent and reduce infection-associated onion tissue destruction, measured through significant (
P
< 0.0001) reductions in
x
PMI, by phytopathogenic strains of
B. gladioli
, thereby demonstrating the potential of agricultural phage biocontrol targeting this problematic microorganism.

IMPORTANCE

Agricultural crop destruction is increasing due to infections caused by bacteria such as
Burkholderia
gladioli, which causes plant tissue diseases in onion, mushroom, corn, and rice crops. These bacteria pose a major threat to worldwide food production, which, in turn, damages the global economy. One potential solution being investigated to prevent bacterial infections of plants is “biocontrol” using bacteriophages (or phages), which are bacterial viruses that readily infect and destroy bacterial cells. In this article, we demonstrate that
Burkholderia
phages KS12 and AH2 prevent or reduce infection-associated plant tissue destruction caused by strains of
B. gladioli
, thereby demonstrating the inherent potential of agricultural phage biocontrol.
The avengers: SAMHD1 cooperates with MX2/MxB to defend against HIV-1
Authors: Wan Zhi , Zhong Gang , Wang Huiqing 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

SAMHD1 is an intrinsic limiting factor that effectively prevents HIV-1 infection in macrophages, dendritic cells, and resting CD4+ T cells. Extensive studies have underscored the indispensable role of the dNTPase activity of SAMHD1 in its antiviral function by primarily depleting dNTPs in quiescent cells, thereby impeding HIV-1 cDNA synthesis. However, recent advancements in understanding posttranslational modifications of SAMHD1 have revealed specific modification site mutants that maintain their ability to reduce dNTP levels while impairing the inhibition of HIV-1 replication. Thus, the precise anti-HIV-1 mechanism of SAMHD1 remains enigmatic, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting its antiviral activity. Recent findings by Guo et al. shed light on the role of SAMHD1 as an HIV-1 core sensor in suppressing HIV-1 infection after viral cDNA synthesis through its interaction with MX2 (H. Guo, W. Yang, H. Li, J. Yang, et al., mBio 15:e01363-24, 2024,
https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01363-24
).