bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons to be learnt from Freud; how to deal with the relations between somatic and mental processes
Authors: Panhuysen G.E.M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn biological psychiatry, the biopsychosocial model is broadly supported. This does not mean a rejection of materialism, but of reductionism. Psychological (and social) psychiatry is deemed to be a necessary supplement to biological psychiatry.This is one of the lessons made avalaible by Freud. In addition, there are other lessons to be taken from his work. From his view on the mind-body relationship a useful strategy for theory construction can be abstracted:specify the relevant (neuro)physiologiocal mechanims,specify the relevant mental mechanisms,look for that output of the neurophysiological mechanisms that can also serve as the input of the mental mechanisms, and conversely. Especially the third directive will be of use for adherents of the biopsychosocial model.We may also learn from Freud's mistakes. He rightly used his interactionistic but non-dualistic arguments for the vindication of a relatively autonomous psychological psychiatry. However, he wrongly delayed biological-psychiatric tasks to an indefinite future.
HPLC analysis and pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of R,S-oxazepam and R,S-temazepam with their corresponding glucuronide conjugates in urine and plasma of man
Authors: Vree T.B. , Baars A.M. , Wuis E.W. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryR,S-Oxazepam and R,S-temazepam can be separated in their enantiomers by means of a chiral AGP column. The corresponding R- and S-glucuronide conjugates can be separated on a normal reversed-phase C18 column. Man conjugates the S-enantiomer of oxazepam and temazepam both better than the R-enantiomer. The urinary recovery of the glucuronides following either R,S,-oxazepam or R,S-temazepam almost amounts to 100% of the dose administered.
Monoamines and CSF: relevance to neuropsychiatric disorders
Authors: Verhoeven W.M.A. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryOver the past 25 years much effort has been put into the research of the relationship between neuropsychiatric disorders and the concentrations of CSF-monoamine metabolites. Most of this research has beenfocused on the relation between CSF-concentrations of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) and specific symptomatological entities, particularly schizophrenia, Alzheimer's dementia and endogenous depression. It appeared that specific relations between diseases and CSF-concentrations of monoamine metabolites cannot be longer maintained and that a more functional psychopathology should be considered as the future research strategy.
Psychofarmakologika IX
Authors: van den Bergh W. 
Published: July 2016

InleidingIn deze rubriek zal worden ingegaan op recente observaties betreffende de psychofarmakologie in de breedst mogelijke zin. Vaak zullen zaken uit de literatuur worden behandeld. De gekozen onderwerpen dienen altijd klinische relevantie te hebben. Ook zal deze rubriek gaan over gewoontes die in psychofarmakologische behandeling of in onderzoek zijn geslopen die volgens de auteur lang niet altijd logisch zijn. Soms zal deze rubriek een oproep bevatten om te reageren op een bijdrage gepubliceerd in dit of in een ander tijdschrift. Ook zal de lezer worden aangemoedigd hier zijn eigen ervaringen mee te delen. Het is niet de bedoeling in deze rubriek onderzoeken uitvoerig te rapporteren. Daarvoor staan andere pagina's van de Acta Neuropsychiatrica voor u open.
An ethological approach of depression
Authors: Bouhuys A.L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWithin the framework of interactional theories of depression it was examined whether the interaction of 31 severely depressed patients and a psychiatrist was related to the course of depression during hospitalization. Interactional processes were defined on the basis of directly observed behaviour displayed during an interview and by the use of ethological methods. The behavioural structure of such interaction could be described by 6-7 factors. Some of these factors could predict the clinical course of depression, over an interval of tien weeks. The patients who would not improve displayed before treatment (just after admission) more involvement (i.e., looking, gesticulating) coinciding with more general activation (leg and hand movements) than the patients who would improve. The psychiatrist displayed relatively high levels of involvement (encouragement: hm, hm, yes, yes, and yes-nodding) and low levels of general activation (hand movements) in his interaction with patients who would not improve. The results provide support for interactional theories of depression.
Preclinical evidence for the role of serotonin receptor-subtypes in depression
Authors: Olivier B. , Schipper J. , van der Heyden J.A.M. , van Hest A. , Mos J. , Tulp M.Th.M. 
Published: July 2016

SummarySerotonin (5-HT) plays an important role in depression and specific 5-HT reuptake blockers appear to be clinically important antidepressants. It is unclear however, which serotonergic mechanism is involved in the antidepressant effect, certainly when regarding the existence of at least seven 5-HT receptor subtypes. By testing different 5-HT ligands in two animal models of depression (forced swimming and DRL72-S test) and comparison with data from literature, evidence is provided for potential antidepressant qualities of 5-HT1A receptor-agonists and 5-HT1C receptor-antagonists. Compounds binding to 5-HT1B, 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 receptors do not have an antidepressant profile. Results of clinical research support the predicted antidepressive effects of 5-HT1A receptor-agonists.
Dystonie reactions and hallucinations: a rare adverse-effect?
Authors: Kaiser L.H.W.M. , Schols M.P.J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDystonie reactions and hallucinations: a rare adverse-effect? One of the intriguing side-effects of neuroleptics is the acute dystonie reaction like oculogyric crises. It is seldom mentioned that the dystonie reaction may be combined with hallucinations. This combination of acute dystonia with hallucinations may be explained by overstimulation of dopamine-receptors in the striatal neurons. Awareness of these hallucinations as a complication of neuroleptics is essential to prevent that neuroleptic dose will be increased; instead it must be lowered. Prevention of the dystonia is critical. These side effects may be suppressed with anti-parkinsonian drugs. Information to the patient in due time may prevent anxiety about the side effects.
Dementia and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Verhey F.R.J. , Vreeling F.W. , Jolles J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryDementia and Amyotrophic Lateral SclerosisThe case-histories of two patients are presented with Amyo-trofic Lateral Sclerosis and dementia (ALS-D), followed by a discussion of recent literature on this topic. This condition can be considered as the interface between non-Alzheimer frontal lobe dementia and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The nosological classification of the ALS-D complex has not been established yet.
Chronic pain and the psychiatrist
Authors: Houdenhove B. Van 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYChronic pain is a phenomenon with important psychiatric aspects from a diagnostic as well as a therapeutic point of view. The place of chronic pain in the different versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, and the differential-diagnosis are critically discussed. The comorbidity with depression, anxiety disorders, substance abuse and personality disorders is extensively treated. Finally, the essential role of the psychiatrist in the multidisciplinary therapeutic approach of these patients is emphasised.
Set-maintenance and set-shifting problems in schizophrenic subtypes: relationship to dysfunctions of the fronto-striatal loops
Authors: Lanser M.G. , Ellenbroek B.A. , Cools A.R. , Zitman F.G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYResearch with patients suffering from Parkinson's disease and frontal lobe lesions has shown that disturbances in the fronto-striatal loops in the brain can cause perseveration. Perseveration is a core symptom of schizophrenia, yet the cause is not known. For schizophrenic patients disorders of many parts of the fronto-striatal loops are found, for example disturbances of the prefrontal cortex and the striatum. Perseveration in schizophrenia can be explained with set-maintenance problems, related to dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, or with set-shifting problems that are related to disorders in the striatum. These set-maintenance and set-shifting problems can be distinguished with neuropsychological tests. Regarding the bloodflow patterns for the different subtypes of schizophrenia three problems are expected as explanations for perseveration: set-maintenance problems concerning abstract information, set-maintenance problems shifting between stimuli and enhanced set-shifting with cues.
Management of psychiatric adverse events with immunotherapy with interferon-alfa
Authors: Van Gool A.R. , Kruit W.H.J. , Cornelissen J.J. , Berk L. , Eggermont A.M.M. , Bannink M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryImmunotherapy with interferon-alfa has become standard therapy in selected patients with viral hepatitis and chronic myelogenous leukemia. In addition, it is used in a variety of other diseases, both as standard therapy and in clinical trials. Its use is expected to expand in the following decade. Interferon can cause (severe) neuropsychiatric side effects. These side effects are discussed. Adequate management of these side effects is important, as is close collaboration between the oncologist and the psychiatrist. The cornerstone of management is patient education: this prevents interruption of therapy by patients who were not warned for neuropsychiatric side effects. Furthermore, patients should report in case of rapidly arising mood disorders. Interferon-alfa induced mood disorder is reported to be treatable. Three case descriptions illustrate this, but also illustrate some limits to successful treatment.
Neurobiology of adaptation disorders
Authors: de Kloet E.R. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYA fundamental issue in the neurobiology of adaptation disorders is how the hormones of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis protect the brain from such disorders, and how in a different context these very same stress hormones may enhance vulnerability. This contribution focuses on the corticosteroids which exert through two distinct nuclear receptor types control over gene networks underlying stress system activity in brain. The mineralocorticoid receptor mediates the pro-active mode of corticosteroid action involved in maintenance of basal stress system activity. The glucocorticoid receptor mediates the reactive feedback mode aimed to facilitate recovery from stress-induced disturbance. The balance between these pro-active and reactive modes of control is thought to be of critical importance for homeostasis, and thus for control of hormone-responsive genes which enhance vulnerability to stress-related affective and neurodegenerative disorders.
A comparison of the ‘Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression’ and the ‘Montgomery-Asberg Depression rating Scale’
Authors: Huijbrechts I.P.A.M. , Haffmans P.M.J. , Jonker K. , van Dijke A. , Hoencamp E. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAlthough the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) is the most frequently used rating scale for quantifying depressive states, it has been criticized for its reliability and its usability in clinical practice. This criticism is less applying to the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Goal of the present study is to investigate the reliability and validity, and clinical relationship between the HRSD and the MADRS. For 60 out-patients with diagnosed depression (DSM IV296.2x, 296.3x, 300.40 and 311.00), the HRSD and MADRS were scored at baseline and 6 weeks later by an independent rater according to a structured interview. Also the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) was assessed by a psychiatrist. Satisfying agreement was found between the totalscores (r= .75, p>.000 en r=.92, p>.000 respectively, at baseline and 6 weeks later). Furthermore agreement was found between the items of both scales, and these agree with the clinical impression. The reliability of the MADRS is more stable than the reliability of the HRSD (α = .6367 and α =.8900 vs α = .2193 and α = .8362 at baseline and at endpoint respectively). Considering the ease of scoring both scales in one interview and the widely international use of the HRSD, scoring both the HRSD and the MADRS to measure the severity of a depression seems to be an acceptabel covenant.
Psychopathologie en Pathogenese van enkele behavioural phenotypes
Authors: Verhoeven W.M.A. , Tuinier S. , Curfs L.M.G. 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYDescription of psychopathological symptoms in mentally retarded subjects is of great heuristic value because of the association with a known genetic disorder as well as the heterogenous and atypical phenomenology. The concept of behavioural phenotypes postulates a specific relationship between gene defect and behaviour, although considerable overlap between syndromes and differences within syndromes concerning behavioural manifestations are frequently observed. Since syndrome specific psychiatric disorders can be established too, the term psychopathological phenotype seems to be appropriate.
Antipsychotics, movement disorders and fine motor performances: new device for the measurement of bradykinesia and tremor
Authors: Jogems-Kosterman B.J.M. , Loonen A.J.M. , van Hoof J.J.M. , Zitman F.G. , Hulstijn W. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis article reviews the results of an exploratory study on the relationship between the ratings of bradykinesia, obtained by the Schedule for the Assessment of Drug-Induced Movement Disorders (SADIMoD), and the performances on writing and drawing tasks. The pen movements made during these tasks were recorded by means of an electronic digitizing tablet, a special electronic pen and a personal computer. This study was aimed at finding objective parameters for the severity of (antipsychotic-induced) bradykinesia. The results show that the writing tablet device is appropriate at finding movement variables that are related to the clinical ratings for bradykinesia: high scores for bradykinesia involved slowing on a number of duration measures during the execution of the writing and drawing tasks. We were also able to measure (postural) tremor by means of the writing tablet. However, an accelerometer seems to be more appropriate in this respect.
Evaluation of the application of carbohydrate deficient transferin in a general hospital; recommendations for use
Authors: Janssens P.M.W. , de Jonge N.I.S. , Bosch F.H. , Verwey B. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryWe performed a retrospective evaluation of the use of carbohydrate deficient transferrin (CDT) in a general hospital, for diagnosing alcohol abuse. The high specificity for the CDT test and lower sensitivity as reported in the literature were confirmed. Alcohol anamnesis proved rather often to be incomplete. In intensive care medicine, the CDT investigation could be used as a guide to diagnoses and treatment, especially for patients that are difficult to communicate with. For being of use here, results of the CDT determination should be available within a day. CDT proved to be of use also in psychiatric medicine, the test being of help in clarifying the patients acohol addiction.
Het cytochroom P450 enzymsysteem: wat is de relevantie voor de praktijk? Deel II, interacties.
Authors: Touw D.J. , Verhoeven W.M.A. , Noten J.B.G.M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn man a great interindividual variability exists in the oxidative capacity to metabolize drugs. A major factor contributing to this phenomenon is the genetically determined hydroxyla-tion-capacity of the cytochrome P450 enzyme system. The cytochrome P450 system comprises of several isozymes. For several isozymes (CYP2D6, CYP2C) a genetically based hydroxylation capacity has been demonstrated. A frequency distribution of the clearance shows a bimodal distribution with poor and extensive metabolizers. Applying standard dosing schemes of the drugs that are predominantly metabolised by these isozymes, a considerable number of patients will be intoxicated because of poor metabolism. In general, cytochrome P450 capacity is limited and substrate-affinity is high. Henceforth cytochrome P450 isozymes are likely targets for pharmacokinetic interactions.
The contribution of biological factors to the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders in the postpartum period: a survey
Authors: Claes M. , Maes M. , Jacquemyn Y. 
Published: July 2016

SamenvattingAan de hand van literatuurgegevens wordt een overzicht gegeven van de rol van biologische factoren bij het tot stand komen van de drie belangrijkste psychiatrische stoornissen in het kraambed: ‘maternity blues’, postpartumdepressie en kraambedpsychose. Voorde blues en de postpartumdepressie worden vooral stoornissen in de stofwisseling van L-tryptofaan, progesteron en de endorfines beschreven maar zonder dat een duidelijk biopsychofysiologische verklaring van de ziektebeelden kan worden gegeven. Voorde kraambedpsychose wordt vooral aan dopamine en beta-enkefaline aandacht besteed.Het blijkt dat over de bio-etiologie van deze aandoeningen vooralsnog geen consensus bestaat.
rCBF-activatie en neuronale circuits gerelateerd aan visuele waarneming
Authors: de Jong B.M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThree principles of neuronal interaction within cortically distributed networks are discussed. PET-rCBF activation methods provide an opportunity to acquire insight in the distribution of functionally related areas of the human brain in vivo. The distinction of visual areas, activated by either motion or color within an observed scenery, points at a segregation in neuronal information processing. Such a segregation extends into both a dorsal and a ventral route towards consequently the parietal and temporal cortex.Simultaneous activation over the dorsal and ventral route, which for example occurs in relation to the perception of complex motion (optic flow), or motion perception after lesion of V5, suggests integration by means of cross-connectivity. The third principle, i.e. “top-down” integration, appears by analysis of V5-V1 interaction, attentional effects on V4, frontal activation in prosopagnosia, and by analysis of hallucinations. Such “top-down” integration indicates the presence of momentaneous effect on cortical areas, intimately related to the primary sensory cortex, by neuronal activity of remote “association” cortex, the latter being connected by direct (synaps-restricted) bypass from early stations of information processing.
Psychofarmakologika XIII
Authors: Quak J. , Korf J. 
Published: July 2016

InleidingIn deze rubriek zal worden ingegaan op recente observaties betreffende de psychofarmakologie in de breedst mogelijke zin. Vaak zullen zaken uit de literatuur worden behandeld. De gekozen onderwerpen dienen altijd klinische relevantie te hebben. Ook zal deze rubriek gaan over gewoontes die in psychofarmakologische behandeling of in onderzoek zijn geslopen die volgens de auteur lang niet altijd logisch zijn. Soms zal deze rubriek een oproep bevatten om te reageren op een bijdrage gepubliceerd in dit of in een ander tijdschrift. Ook zal de lezer worden aangemoedigd hier zijn eigen ervaringen mee te delen. Het is niet de bedoeling in deze rubriek onderzoeken uitvoerig te rapporteren. Daarvoor staan andere pagina 's van de Acta Neuropsychiatrica voor u open.
Unexplained somatic complaints in relation to paroxysmal EEG phenomena and localised abnormalities in the electroencephalogram
Authors: Van Bork J.J. , Boezeman E.H.J.F. , Duivenvoorden H.J. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA positive significant relationship (p<0,01) is found between a psychiatric judgement on autonomic nervous system complaints and a “blind” neurological judgement on paroxysmal EEG phenomena. Classification: Somatization Disorder (DSM-III-R; IV 300.81). Diagnoses: nervous functional complaints, hyperventilation syndrome, Da Costa's disease (irritable heart syndrome, neurocirculatory asthenia) and irritable bowel syndrome. A positive significant relationship (p<0,001) is found between a diagnosis of “Da Costa's disease” and a “blind” neurological judgement on PEF. A positive significant relationship (p<0,001) is found between a psychiatric judgement on neurasthenia (atypical headache and atypical tiredness) classified as dysthymia DSM-IH-R 300.40 and a neurological judgement on localised (cortical) abnormalities by “blind” EEG evaluation. No medication in the last half year. Logistic regression analysis (n=116) revealed that sex and age are of no importance. No medication in the last half year before EEG registration.
Cholesterol and psyche
Authors: Duits N. , Tilburg W. Van 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThis paper reviews the relationship between cholesterol and psychological functioning. Possibly a relationship exists between the lowering of cholesterol, low serum cholesterol concentration and mood and/or impulse control disorders. This might be associated with a disregulated cerebral serotonin metabolism. These hypotheses are based on (meta-analyses of) epidemiologic research investigating the lowering of cholesterol. One of the findings was an increased mortality due to suicide, homicide and accidents. Much is still unknown about the matters mentioned above. However, recommendations for research and clinical psychiatric practice are formulated.
Psychological and neurophysiological dysfunctioning during wakefulness in narcolepsy
Authors: Beullens J. , van Sweden B. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryMemory complaints and altered states of consciousness with automatic behaviour of narcoleptic patients indicate cognitive dysfunctioning. Although more problems arise while performing attention tasks than memory tasks, the neuropsychological test inquiry doesn't indicate one particular neuropsychological function as consistently impaired. They often perform well because they compensate impaired wakefulness by an increased willingness to respond. Neurophysiological research indicates that the sometimes occurring cognitive dysfunction is associated with a waxing and waning between wakefulness and sleep. The increased psychopathology is partly a reflection of, partly a reaction to the symptoms. The impact of hypersomnia on psychosocial functioning is more important than that of epilepsy in epileptics. In severe cases smoking and driving should better be dissuaded.