bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new approach of presbyopia over a myopic population: PresbyLASIK using the myopic SUPRACOR Algorithm (preliminary results about 12 eyes)
Authors: Timsit A. , Delbarre M. , Rambault C. , Marechal M. , Charpentier S. , Benisty D. , Berguiga M. , Froussart‐Maille F. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe aim of our study was to analyze refractive outcomes and satisfaction after myopic presbyLASIK with induced micro‐monovision (−0.50 D), a new approach of correcting presbyopia among myopic patients.MethodsThis retrospective consecutive cases study included 12 eyes of 9 patients treated for myopia and presbyopia with central presbyLASIK with micro‐monovision using the Technolas 217P excimer laser (Technolas Perfect Vision GmbH, Munich, Germany) between December 2014 and May 2016. Study parameters included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and uncorrected near visual acuity (UNVA), iniitial and final sphere and cylinder, abberrometry, central steep zone, and patient satisfaction.ResultsPatients median age was 50.7 ± 4 years (range: 46–54 years), predominantly females at 78%, with a mean preoperative spherical equivalent of −3.38 [−1.25; −5.25]. Mean postoperative spherical equivalent refraction was 0.18 ± 0.47 diopters (D) for dominant eyes and −0.45 ± 0.46 D for dominated eyes. Mean monocular UDVA was 0.09 ± 0.10 logMAR (Snellen 20/24) at 1 month postoperatively. Mean binocular UDVA was −0.06 ± 0.07 logMAR (Snellen 20/18) at last follow‐up visit. Mean binocular UNVA was 0.18 ± 0.14 logMAR (Parinaud 2). At 1 months, 83.3% of patients achieved 20/20 or better and could read Parinaud 2 binocularly, and 91.6% of patients achieved 20/20 and could read Parinaud 3 binocularly. The mean central steep zone was 1.95 ± 1.00 D. There was no need for retreatment (under/over‐correction) but one eye underwent interface washing with corticoids. Patients were satisfied in 92 and 80% were independent of spectacles at all distances.ConclusionsMyopic PresbyLASIK is safe and efficacious with postoperative improvement in binocular vision at far, intermediate, and near distances vision, being an attractive alternative to monovision.
Retinal function and morphology in Mitf mutant mice
Authors: Garcia Llorca A. , Gudmundsdóttir Aspelund S. , Ogmundsdóttir M.H. , Steingrimsson E. , Eysteinsson T. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe Mitf (microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor) gene that is essential for the normal development of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Mutations in this gene can cause hypopigmentation, microphthalmia and blindness. The purpose of this work was to analyze the retinal function and morphology in mice with specific Mitf mutations.MethodsThe following Mitf mutations were used: Mitfmi‐enu122 (398), Mitfmi‐wh/+, Mitfmi‐wh/Mitfmi and wild type (C5BL/6J) mice as a control. Mice were anesthetized by an intraperitoneal injection of 40 mg/kg−1 Ketamine and 4 mg/kg−1 Xylazine. Flash electroretinography (ERG), from mice with pupils dilated, with a corneal electrode and a reference electrode placed in the mouth, was used to determine the role of the MITF protein in retinal function. Histological retinal sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin.ResultsERG recordings revealed that only one of the four mutants had any retinal function. The wild type mice had significantly higher mean amplitudes of the photopic a‐waves and scotopic oscillatory potentials than the Mitfmi‐enu122 (398) animals (α = 0.05). Furthermore, Mitfmi‐enu122 (398) had significantly shorter implicit times for the photopic b‐waves and c‐waves. Histology revealed that the RPE layer in the Mitfmi‐enu122 (398) and shows localized thinning of the RPE and their retinas look normal. However, the Mitfmi‐wh/+ showed a profound RPE degeneration and this layer is missing from the Mitfmi‐wh/Mitfmi animals. Furthermore, Mitfmi‐wh/+ and Mitfmi‐wh/Mitfmi have an immense retinal degeneration, lacking the photoreceptor and outer plexiform layers.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that the Mitf gene has an impact on retinal function in mice, and the morphology of the neuroretina and the RPE.
Histomorphological changes of uveal melanoma (UM) following proton beam therapy (PBR)
Authors: Qureshi S. , Hussain R. , Kalirai H. , Heimann H. , Coupland S. 
Published: September 2016

PurposePBR is used for the treatment of UM. Little is known about histomorphological alterations in UM following PBR. Our aim was to document these changes.MethodsData was obtained for 25 UM enucleation samples following PBR between Jan 2005–Dec 2015. Histological sections were examined for morphological changes affecting tumour cells, its microenvironment and adjacent sclera. Data was analysed using SPSS Software.Results730 patients underwent enucleation at the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre (646 primary, 84 secondary); 41 underwent enucleation following PBR, of which 25 samples were analysed. Histological examination of tumour type classified 5 UM as epitheloid, 9 spindle, and 11 as mixed. Focal necrosis was seen in 10 cases (41.7%); bizarre mitoses in 5 (20.8%); tumour cell‐ ballooning in 17 (70.8%) and mummification in 12 (50%); and vessel wall‐ thickening in 13 (54.2%) and hyalinization in 15 (62.5%). Prominent tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL's) were noted in 17 UM (70.9%), and tumour‐associated‐macrophages (TAM's) in 15 (62.5%); 19 UM (79.2%) had noticeable degenerative scleral changes. Median time elapsed between PBR and enucleation was 14.5 months (range 7–26). Bivariate analyses demonstrated statistically significant correlations between interval from PBR to enucleation and histological changes (bizarre mitoses (p = 0.035); tumour cell mummification (p = 0.025), nuclear inclusions (p = 0.002); TILs/TAMs (p = 0.022); plasma cells (p = 0.021); and hyalinisation (p = 0.031). UMs enucleated >20 months following PBR were 1.73 times more likely to have inflammation and bizarre mitoses than eyes enucleated within 10 months following PBR (p = 0.041).ConclusionsThe histopathological alterations of UM following PBR are complex, and evolve over time, with increasing degenerative and inflammatory changes. Immunohistochemical and genetic studies are underway.
Comparison of the retinal measurements of standard and neurological SD‐OCT applications in MS patients
Authors: Paterno J.J. , Kaarniranta K. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeIn multiple sclerosis (MS), spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) provides a tool to evaluate structural retinal changes related to MS. Recently, an application dedicated to visualize and quantify changes in MS and other neurodegenerative diseases became commercially available. Unlike the standard SD‐OCT, it is not yet widespread in eye clinics in Finland. Therefore, aim of the present study was determine if correlation exists in the retinal measurements between this and standard SD‐OCT application, using scan pattern presets feasible in monitoring of MS.MethodsSeven patients (mean age 48.2 ± 12.8 years) with previously diagnosed MS were examined in both eyes with Spectralis SD‐OCT (Heidelberg, Germany) in Kuopio University Hospital, Finland. Retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thickness scans around the peripapillary retina (PPR) were performed with the Nsite Analytics and the standard glaucoma application (Heidelberg). Volumes of the retina and its layers in the 9 macular sectors, as defined by the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), were measured by Heyex Viewing Module software with automated retinal layer segmentation (Heidelberg).ResultsCorrelations between the measurements of the Nsite Analytics and the standard application were strong (r > 0.9; p < 0.01) in PPR RNFL thickness and in total macular retinal volume. In part, correlations of retinal layer volumes were weaker. Both applications interpreted the degree of PPR RNFL atrophy in a comparable manner (κ > 0.7; p < 0.01), except the temporal superior sector.ConclusionsAs an accessible alternative, the standard SD‐OCT can be used for measuring retinal changes in MS patients. However, an application actually designed for neurological diseases provides tools to visualize these changes and to evaluate the degree of the thickening of PPR RNFL above normal limits.
Wide‐field autofluorescence and scanning laser ophthalmoscopy: a tool for differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors
Authors: Esposti G. , Denaro R. , Hadjistilianou D. , Chimenti G. , Esposti P.L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeFundus autofluorescence is a non invasive technique for evaluation of intrinsic autofluorescence of the tissues within the eye; it is an important diagnostic tool for the assessment of various ocular diseases and also for the differential diagnosis of intraocular tumors. The fundus autofluorescence represents the status of the overlying retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the natural activity of the complex RPE‐ photoreceptors.MethodsWe have examined 60 eyes of 60 patients: 40 nevi, 12 melanomas, 6 angiomas, 2 choroidal metastasis from lung cancer. All patients carried out a complete eye examination, an OCT (optical coherence tomography), an autofluorescence using a green wavelenght (532 nm) and a blu wavelenght (488), and a fluorangiography. The number of follow‐up was based on the pathology analyzed.ResultsThe autofluorescence is predictable of the nature of the tumor. Whereas the diagnosis of small coroidal melanomas remains controversial, imaging such as OCT and fundus autofluorescence are useful to detect subretinal fluid and lipofuscine. It is an additional useful tool together with OCT, fundus photography, ultrasonography and fluorangiography in making differential diagnosis.ConclusionsStudying the different characteristics of intraocular tumors at autofluorescence we can have important indications about the nature of the tumor. Some findings are strongly characteristics of certain tumors: a choroidal nevus appears silent at autofluorescence, while melanomas show an area of hypo‐autofluorescence; the gravitation tract is typical of angiomas and metastasis appear as a patchy pattern of hyper‐autofluorescence and hypo‐autofluorescence.
A comparison of visual field testing with a new automated perimeter, the Compass visual field analyser, and the Humphrey visual field analyser
Authors: Fenolland J.R. , Bonnel S. , Rosenberg R. , Sendon D. , Ghazal W. , Giraud J.M. , Renard J.P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo compare a new visual field analyser, Compass, that included an eye tracking and scanning ophthalmoloscopy to Humphrey visual field analyser (HFA).MethodsProspective cross study design.Patients were included after a complete examination: all were indemn of ocular disease except glaucoma. Visual acuity was 20/20 for each eye and spherical equivalent ranged from +3 to −3 D.Patients were randomly assigned to one instrument. HFA was performed with a 24‐2 SITA standard strategy comparable to the Compass 24‐2 ZEST strategy. Both eyes were tested and 30 min after where screened with the other instrument.MD, PSD and exam duration were compared for both devices using a Wilcoxon signed‐rank test. Agreement was evaluated with a Bland‐Altman graph for each parameter.ResultsThe study included 67 eyes of 30 patients. This population was decomposed as: 13 normal eyes, 28 OHT or glaucoma suspect and 26 glaucoma. Patients’ demographics were (mean ± SD): age 66.3 ± 13.0 years, pachymetry 527.6 ± 28.95 μm, axial length 23.73 ± 0.99 mm, spherical equivalent −0.004 ± 1.3 D. 65 HFA vs. 62 compass visual fields were reliable (ns). Mean Deviation was equivalent for HFA and Compass instruments: −1.6 ± 2.6 vs. −1.4 ± 2.8 dB (p = 0.28). Pattern Standard Deviation was significantly higher for the Compass 3.9 ± 2.4 vs. 2.4 ± 1.9 dB for the HFA (p < 0.0001). Examen duration was also longer for the Compass 351 ± 83 s vs. 318 ± 48 s for the HFA (p = 0.0164). Bland Altman plots showed a good agreement between HFA and Compass.ConclusionsThis study shows that MD and failure rate were comparable between both instruments, PSD and examination duration were slightly higher for the Compass. Agreement was good between both instruments.As most of the patients included had already performed a HFA before, this may explain the duration difference between and should be consider in further explorations.
The predegenerated nerves extract enhances the endogenous neuroprotective system of Retinal Ganglion Cells by modulating of BDNF expression in rat glaucoma model
Authors: Pietrucha‐Dutczak M. , Smędowski A. , Lewin‐Kowalik J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo verify impact of the administration of extract from predegenerated rat sciatic nerves on the expression and co‐localization of endogenous BDNF and whether this change promotes survival of RGCs in rat glaucoma model.MethodsExperimental glaucoma was induced unilaterally (the right eye) based on modified bead model. The left eye served as control. Two, 7, or 14 days following glaucoma induction, nerve extract (PNE groups) or PBS was injected into the vitreous body. Time of exposure of RGCs to the extract was 2, 3, or 4 weeks. Five days before euthanasia, RGCs were labeled by FluoroGold (FG). Number of FG‐positive RGCs was estimated and expression of BDNF was analyzed in immunohistochemistry.ResultsBDNF was highly expressed in inner nuclear layer (INL) and RGC layer in the healthy eye and weakly in RGC layer in glaucoma. Injection of the extract at 14th day following induction of glaucoma and 3‐week‐exposure to the extract resulted in the strongest increase in endogenous BDNF expression in both INL and ONL and weaker in RGC layer what was correlated with the highest RGCs survival (2,943 ± 147 in PNE group vs. 2,212 ± 497 in PBS group; p < 0.05). BDNF expression in RGC layer co‐localized with RGCs markers and glial cells markers (both cells bodies and processes).ConclusionsThe increase in the endogenous BDNF expression is correlated with survival of RGCs and is the highest when the extract is administered 14 days following glaucoma induction acting for 3 weeks.
Nasolacrimal duct reconstitution with radiofrequency: case report
Authors: Carvalho B. , Machado M.A.C. , Ferrari da Silva J.A. , Alonso Garcia E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo describe a minimal invasive technique for nasolacrimal duct reconstitution with radiofrequency in a case of lacrimal flow restriction.MethodsCase report of a 23 years‐old female, with previous history of tearing, swelling, redness and pain over the innermost aspect of the lower eyelid of her right eye (RE). The symptoms started four years ago and sometimes relapses and discharge. The patient denies any other comorbilities, systemic or local complaints or any medication. External examination RE: Milder test +++, BUT inferior to 3’’. LE: Milder test +, BUT inferior to 3’’. Both eyes present inferior punctate keratopathy. It was diagnosed low nasolacrimal obstruction in RE, confirmed with dacriocistography. Treatment option was nasolacrimal duct reconstitution with radiofrequency under sedation and local anesthesia.ResultsThe patient was followed for at least one year. She was evaluated for the presence of secretion, epiphora, reflux at compression of the lacrimal sac, placement of silicone tube and Milder test. At postoperative visits, the patient presented positive irrigation with clearance of lacrimal duct.ConclusionsReconstitution with radio frequency seems to be a solution to be considered. The presented technique was effective in the treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction with a good safety profile, being less invasive when compared with the classic DCR. Prospective, comparative, multicentric studies and larger follow up are still needed.
Correlation of foveal bulge on SD‐OCT and visual acuity in resolved macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Bouraoui R. , Dhouib N. , Bouladi M. , Zerei N. , Maamouri R. , Chaker N. , El Matri L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo investigate the correlation between the presence of a bulge in the photoreceptor inner segment/outer segment (IS/OS) line and the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) in eyes with resolved macular edema associated with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO).MethodsA total of 17 eyes (17 patients) with macular edema associated with BRVO were evaluated. The medical records of patients who had a complete resolution of macular edema with intact IS/OS line in the central fovea on spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) images were retrospectively reviewed. These eyes were classified into those with foveal bulge and those without foveal bulge and the characteristics of the 2 groups were compared.ResultsTwelve eyes (70.5%) had complete resolution of macular edema after a mean follow up of 24.1 months. A foveal bulge was present in 9 of 17 eyes with resolved macular edema. The BCVA was significantly better in eyes with a foveal bulge than in eyes without foveal bulge (p < 0.001). All eyes with foveal bulge had a decimal BCVA less than 0.5 against only 28.6% in eyes without foveal bulge (p = 0.011).ConclusionsFoveal bulge seems to be frequent in resolved macular edema associated with BRVO. Visual acuity was significantly better in the subgroup with foveal bulge making it a potential good marker of the functional properties of the fovea.
Analysis of SD‐OCT prognostic factors in macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion
Authors: Bouraoui R. , Bouladi M. , Dhouib N. , Mghaieth F. , Limaiem R. , Chaker N. , El Matri L. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo identify quantitative and qualitative spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) prognostic factors for visual outcome in patients with macular edema secondary to retinal vein occlusion.MethodsFourty one patients (41eyes) with retinal vein occlusion were retrospectively analyzed with SD‐OCT before and after resolution of macular edema. We evaluated the influence of these patterns on visual acuity: central macular thickness, total macular volume (TMV), continuity of the junction between photoreceptor inner and outer segments (IS/OS), of the external limiting membrane (ELM) and of the internal limiting membrane (ILM), and the number of hyperreflective foci.ResultsThe logMAR VA was significantly better in eyes with continuous IS/OS line, ELM and ILM (p < 0.001) and in eyes with a lower number of hyperreflective foci (p = 0.032). Visual acuity was also statistically better in patients with a thinner central retinal thickness (p = 0.046) and a less total macular volume (p = 0.023) in patients with BRVO.ConclusionsSD‐OCT seems to be helpful in predicting visual outcomes in macular edema associated with retinal vein occlusion and shows that outer layers integrity was closely associated with visual prognosis.
Presentation and management of cytomegalovirus retinitis in immunocompromised children
Authors: Denier C. , Robert M. , Adjadj E. , Michel S. , Aymard P.A. , Bremond‐Gignac D. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeCytomegalovirus retinitis in children is poor known and his management remains controversial. The objective of this study is to provide a precise clinical description and set a treatment protocol for a better management of these patients.MethodsRetrospective study including all children's eyes with primary immune deficiency (PID) patients with CMV retinitis confirmed by PCR on aqueous humor. The treatment protocol consisted of: an anti‐viral treatment with intravitreal injection (IVT) associated with general treatment. The primary endpoint was the good response to treatment defined by a quantifiable vision at the end of treatment.ResultsFifteen eyes of 8 children aged 6 months to 10 years were included, of 156 children transplanted for PID. Each eye received 4.7 ± 2.5 IVT of Gancyclovir (12/15) or Foscarnet (3/15). The time between IVT was 4, 8 ± 2 days. A systemic treatment was initiated. Eight eyes were placed in the ‘good recovery’ group (BR) and seven eyes of four patients in the ‘poor recovery’ group (MR). In the BR group's initial involvement was peripheral or sectorial, while in the MR group achievement was broadcast for four eyes or sectoral reached the posterior pole for three eyes. The number of IVT by eye and the time between IVT were not different between the groups as well as systemic therapy. At the end of treatment in the BR group the posterior pole was normal for five eyes or showed a para‐macular scar for three eyes. In the MR group, five eyes showed diffuse fibrosis and two macular scar.ConclusionsVisual prognosis seems related to the extent of the initial damage, the need for regular checks of the FO in children at risk is paramount. Regarding the treatment protocol, an average of four ganciclovir IVT to two per week without exceeding six IVT, combined with the general treatment appears to be an effective protocol.
Retinal toxicity of intraocular silicone oil: a retrospective study
Authors: Rocha de Sousa A. , Roca A. , Barbosa‐Breda J. , Falcão‐Reis F. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo determine the relation between the use of silicone oil (SO) as an intraocular tamponade and the incidence of unexplained loss of visual acuity.MethodsA retrospective study of 175 patients who underwent SO removal at Department of vitreo‐retinal surgery at Centro Hospitalar São João between January 2012 and June 2015.ResultsNine patients (5.1%) (4 male, 5 female), with a median age of 57 years (range 31–84 years) reported reduction of vision of unexplained cause after SO extractions. The median time of SO fill was 8 months (range 4–21 months). Patients with 2 or more lines of vision loss of unexplained cause after removal of silicone oil (ROSO) showed a mean drop of visual acuity of 0.2. The intraocular pressure (IOP) became elevated in 7 (77.8%) eyes during the follow up period. Only 2.9% of patients who underwent ROSO had cataract as a complication.ConclusionsThere is a 5.1% overall incidence of unexplained loss of vision in eyes following SO removal, with a high rate in women (55.6%). The main complication observed was ocular hypertension.
Wooden projectile caused eye injuries in Finland – Helsinki eye trauma study
Authors: Haavisto A.K. , Sahraravand A. , Leivo T. , Holopainen J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo report the current population‐based epidemiology, treatment, use of resources and outcomes of eye injuries caused by sticks, branches and other wooden projectiles in Finland.MethodsThe study included all new patients injured by sticks, branches and other wooden projectiles with ocular or orbital traumas taken into care to the Helsinki University Eye Hospital (population base 1.5 million people) in one year. The follow‐up period was three months.ResultsSixty‐seven patients with male dominance (76%) were treated because of eye injury from wooden projectiles, compromising 6% of all new eye traumas treated in a one year period. Injury was most likely in spring (36%) and autumn (27%) and at the age of 51–57 years. The most common activity during the accident was playing (27%), forestry (16%) and gardening (15%) and most common diagnose after mild superficial trauma (n = 36, 54%) was contusion (n = 25, 37%), followed by eye lid wound (3), orbital fracture (2) and open globe trauma (1). Seven patients (10%) were estimated to have permanent disability because of lowered visual acuity (3), double vision (2), evisceration (1) and glare due to mydriasis (1), all being adults. Traumas were contusions and one orbital fracture and one open globe trauma caused in variable activities. Twenty five patients (37%) were estimated to need lifelong follow‐up, most (24) because of contusion and one because of open globe trauma. Five of these patients were children age 3–11 years. Most took place during playing (7) or forestry (4). Eleven patients needed major surgeries. The number of outpatient visits was 167 and inpatient days 30.ConclusionsWooden projectiles cause serious eye injuries, permanent disability and need for lifelong follow‐up. More precaution should attend for eye protection when playing with sticks and during forestry and gardening.