bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The zinc‐metallothionein redox system in human retina and RPE
Authors: Alvarez L. , García M. , Rodríguez S.M. , Fernández B. , Pereiro R. , Sanz‐Medel A. , Coca‐Prados M. , González‐Iglesias H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe retina contains the highest concentration of zinc in the human eye and it is primarily associated with the photoreceptors and the RPE. Metallothioneins (MTs) are the main cytosolic zinc‐ion‐binding proteins, and their main roles include neuroprotection and maintenance of cellular zinc homeostasis. Zinc is the main regulator of MTs, and there is a tight control in the number of atoms of zinc bound to the MT proteins (stoichiometry), which could be related with their antioxidant and neuroprotective functions. The main purpose of this work is to study the Zn‐MT system in the RPE and retina of the human eye.MethodsWe first determined the total content of Zn by elemental mass spectrometry (i.e., ICP‐MS), in RPE and retina from post mortem human donors, and compared its quantitative distribution by bio‐imaging (i.e, laser ablation‐ICP‐MS), on cryogenic eye sections. Secondly, we carried out the quantitative speciation of zinc in the water‐soluble protein fractions of RPE and neural retina, to study its protein binding profile. Finally we studied the effects of metals (i.e., ZnSO4), inflammatory cytokines (i.e., IL1a) and glucocorticoids (i.e., dexamethasone), by ICP‐MS, in an in vitro cellular model of human RPE cells (HRPEsv).ResultsWe found preferential quantitative distribution of zinc in the RPE, followed by the retina in lesser levels. Zinc is mainly associated to high and low molecular mass proteins in both RPE and retina. Exogenous zinc, interleukin and dexamethasone increased MT proteins synthesis and induced a stoichiometric change in MT proteins in HRPEsv cells.ConclusionsThe stoichiometric transition on Zn‐MT proteins in HRPEsv and its potential implication against oxidative stress processes will be discussed.
High‐intensity focused ultrasound cyclocoagulation: a 6‐month study
Authors: Vandewalle E. , Somers A. , Vermorgen K. , Stalmans I. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) cyclocoagulation in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma by using a novel miniaturized delivery device (EyeOP1) after 6 months of follow up.MethodsThis was an interventional study of 61 eyes of 61 patients with glaucoma. The first series of 39 patients did not receive Pilocarpine before intervention and the second series of 22 patients received Pilocarpine before intervention. All eyes were treated with 6 activated transducers operating at 21 MHz with a duration of 8 sec. A complete ophthalmic examination was performed before the procedure and at day 1, week 3, month 3 and 6 after the procedure. Primary outcome was to evaluate intraocular pressure (IOP) at 3 and 6 months. Secondary outcomes were to assess intra‐ and postoperative tolerance, visual acuity, medication use, complication rates and re‐interventions.ResultsIOP results of months 3 and 6 will be available at November 2016. Due to increased pupil distortion and astigmatism in the first series, a second series with the use of preoperative Pilocarpine was performed. In this series, pupillometry was also performed pre‐ and postoperatively.ConclusionsThe current study investigates the influence of preoperative Pilocarpine on the safety outcomes of this procedure.
Assessment of chorioretinal blood flow and vessel diameter by laser speckle flowgraphy in three animal models
Authors: Wei X. , Barathi A. , Sai B.B. , Balne P.K. , Khandelwal N. , Agrawal R. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo investigate the differences in optic nerve head (ONH) blood flow and retinal vessel diameter measured by laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG) in C57 BL/6 (wild type) mouse, Akita (diabetic) mouse, and wild‐type monkey models.MethodsLSFG measurements of mean blur rate (MBR), relative flow volume (RFV) and vessel diameter were obtained in 20 C57 BL/6 mice, 10 Akita mice and 8 wild‐type monkeys. Comparisons of the three measurements were made between C57 BL/6 and Akita mouse models, and between C57 BL/6 mouse and monkey models using Student's t‐test.ResultsRFV which measures retinal blood flow, was significantly reduced in one of the retinal veins (V4, p = 0.004) as well as globally (p = 0.04) in Akita mice compared to C57 BL/6 mice. There were no significant differences in MBR which is a measure of ONH choioretinal blood flow, or retinal vein diameter between C57 BL/6 and Akita mice. In monkeys, we noted significantly increased MBR (p < 0.001) compared to C57 BL/6 mice. There were also increased RFV and vein diameter in two of the retinal veins (V4 and V6) as well as globally in monkeys.ConclusionsDiabetic mice had compromised retinal blood flow while maintained similar level of ONH total choroiretinal blood flow compared to wild type mice. This may indicate retinal vessels are more affected by diabetes compared to choroidal vessels. Our data also suggest that ONH total and retinal blood flow and retinal vein diameter were increased in big monkey model compared to small mouse models.
Ocular manifestations in dengue fever
Authors: Remond A.L. , Butel N. , Fardeau C. , Errera M.H. , Le Hoang P. , Bodaghi B. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeDengue fever, a viral disease epidemic in some parts of the world, caused by a virus, is characterized by fever, headache, muscle and joint pains. Ocular manifestations are uncommon, but of great significance. Main symptoms include blurring of vision, scotomata, metamorphopsia, and floaters. We describe the clinical spectrum of fundus manifestations and angiographic, optical coherence tomographic and electrophysiology features of dengue‐ associated maculopathy in few patient.MethodsWe reviewed clinical records and report 6 serial cases of ophthalmic complications resulting from dengue infection. Serology was positive in 100%. Investigations included Humphrey automated visual field analyzer, optical coherence tomography, fundus fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography, and electrophysiology.Results12 eyes of 6 patients, 5 women and 1 man, were studied. The mean age was 26.8 years.The mean log MAR presenting best corrected visual acuity was 0.53 (range of 1 to counting fingers). Multiple retinal yellowish deposits at fovea were an usual finding in 9 eyes. Of these, optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed focal disruption of the outer neurosensory retina in 8 eyes, and indocyanine green angiography corresponding hypofluorescent spots in 3 eyes. Intraretinal hemorrhage was seen in 1 eye, in association with an artery sheathing. In this case, OCT showed a thickening of the inner retina, the result of retinal arteriolar occlusion. Central or paracentral scotomas were observed in 83%. Multifocal electroretinography showed decreased foveal and parafoveal responses. Final visual acuity increased while relativ scotoma remained.ConclusionsOcular damage in Dengue fever are extremely varied and all examinations are needed to better characterize the lésion and thus assess the best visual prognosis of often young and active patients.
Analysis of retinal and choroidal thickness in the macular area in patients with Parkinson's disease using swept‐source optical coherence tomography
Authors: Obis J. , Cipres Alastuey M. , Villades E. , Garcia‐Martin E. , Satue M. , Rodrigo M.J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo analyze the retinal and choroidal thickness in the macular area in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) using swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT) as a marker for neurodegenerative injury.Methods108 eyes of patients with PD and 90 eyes of healthy controls were included. All subjects underwent ophthalmologic evaluation including retinal and choroidal assessment using SS‐OCT Triton (Topcon), 3DH Wide protocol. Macular ETDRS data were analyzed, including retinal and choroidal thickness evaluation.ResultsPatients with PD revealed significant thinning compared to healthy controls concerning the outer nasal region of macular thickness (276.70 ± 17.64 μm in patients vs. 282.44 ± 9.64 μm in controls; p = 0.043). Regarding choroidal thickness, patients with PD revealed significant thickening compared to healthy controls in the inner nasal region (250.78 ± 99.50 μm in patients vs. 205.28 ± 81.62 μm in controls; p = 0.014), outer nasal region (207.11 ± 97.78 μm vs. 163.39 ± 70.02 μm; p = 0.011), inner inferior region (252.25 ± 96.54 μm vs. 213.65 ± 80.31 μm; p = 0.032) and outer inferior region (233.00 ± 89.10 μm vs. 200.15 ± 75.19 μm; p = 0.049).ConclusionsPD patients present reduced retinal thickness and increased choroidal thickness in the macular area compared to healthy subjects detectable with new SS‐OCT technology.
Case report of a choroidal ganglioneuroma
Authors: Van Ginderdeuren R. , Missotten G. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo describe an extremely rare ganglioneuroma of the choroid.MethodsA 68 year old man was referred for longstanding retinal detachment on his right eye. There was loss of vision to <0.01 without pain or trauma. The left eye was normal. He was in normal good health. A retinal detachment with subretinal mass mid‐peripheral was detected and a metastatic disease was the most probable diagnosis. After general investigations and full body scan, no other suspicious tumors were found. After consultations the patient choose to have his eye enucleated and the eye was sent for histopathology.ResultsPathology examination revealed a broad and flat choroidal tumor consisting of mature nerves and ganglion cells. A retinal detachment with atrophy of photoreceptor layers, and large zones with hemorrhage were present. There were no signs of atypia, pleiomorphisme or malignancy remarked. The abnormal tissue stained positive with S100, neuron specific enolase, neurofilamnet and synoptophysine. Ki67 was negative.ConclusionsAn unexpected diagnosis of benign ganglioneuroma of the choroid was established. This is an extremely rare tumor an a non‐Neurofibromatosis‐1 adult man.
Transmission electron microscopy study of the collagens of the trabecular meshwork in glaucoma patients
Authors: Ramirez A.I. , García‐Antón M. , Rojas B. , Salazar J.J. , de Hoz R. , Triviño A. , Escribano J. , García‐Feijoo J. , Ramírez J.M. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo analyze the ultrastructural features and the distribution of the collagens of the different regions of the trabecular meshwork (TM) in patients with primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG) and primary congenital glaucoma (PCG).MethodsIridocorneal angle tissue from healthy donors and surgical specimens from trabeculectomies of glaucomatous patients were fixed with glutaraldehyde and processed for examination by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).ResultsIn comparison with normal eyes, both the trabecular beams and the juxtacanalicular tissue of glaucomatous eyes had changes in the size, distribution, and organization of fibrillar collagens (type I, III, V), non‐fibrillar collagens (type IV), and filamentous collagens (type VI).ConclusionsThe ultrastructural changes detected in collagen constituents of the trabecular meshwork impair its biomechanics and increase aqueous humor outflow resistance, thus contributing to the elevation of the intraocular pressure.
Macular thickness and retinal layer measurements in multiple sclerosis patients using new Swetpt‐Source Optical coherence tomography Triton device
Authors: Cipres Alastuey M. , Vilades Palomar E. , Garcia Martín E. , Satué M. , Rodrigo M.J. , Obis Alfaro J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate macular thickness measurements changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using Swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT)Methods101 healthy and 97 MS eyes were included in the study. All of them underwent evaluation of retinal measurements using DRI Triton 3DH wide scan SS‐OCT. Nine macular ETDRS areas, average and central thickness, total macular volume and choroidal thickness were analysed. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using Student's T testResultsAll retinal measurements in the ETDRS macular map showed significant reduction in MS patients. Average thickness (280.41 μm in controls vs. 266.96 μm in patients, p = 0.010) and total macular volume (7.92 μm vs. 7.54 μm; p = 0.010). No significant reduction of the choroid layer thickness was found between patients and controlsConclusionsSS‐OCT Triton is an efective method to detect retinal atrophy in MS patients. Further studies comparing Spectral domain and Swept source OCT are needed to demonstrate superior capability of SS‐OCT technology to detect retinal changes.
AS‐OCT utility for corneal lacerations in pediatric patients
Authors: Sanchez Marin J.I. , Del Buey M.A. , Pérez Navarro I. , Almenara C. , Martínez V M.E.F.O. , Idoate A. , Berniolles J. , Bartolomé I. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose is to evaluate the utility of optical coherence tomography anterior segment (AS‐ OCT) through different clinical cases of corneal lacerations. OCT technology will help us to determine the corneal anatomy after trauma and deciding the therapeutic approach, in addition to guiding the prognosis, and evaluating response to treatment.MethodsWe examined the corneal trauma patients with the AS‐OCT performing exploration on the initial visit after trauma, which serves as a reference, and repeated again with the established treatment.ResultsThe AS‐OCT provides us a more detailed diagnosis than one realized directly with the slit lamp, especially in pediatric patients, and helps us to determine more accurately the depth and location of the trauma diagnosis, possible presence of foreign bodies and to evaluate the response to treatment.ConclusionsThe AS‐OCT is a useful tool for an accurate diagnosis, especially in pediatric patients, in anterior segment ocular trauma and the evaluation of therapeutic response in these cases.
Iatrogenic Ozurdex® injection into the crystalline lens and surgical management
Authors: Sanchez marin J.I. , Ascaso F. , Pérez Navarro I. , Almenara C. , Martínez V M. , Estebán Floría O. , Idoate A. , Berniolles J. , Bartolomé I. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeOzurdex® implant is a 700 micrograms implant of Dexamethasone approved for the treatment of macular edema secondary to diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion. The purpose is to describe the uncommon Ozurdex® injection into the crystalline lens and its management.MethodsWe present the case of a woman diagnosed with cystoid macular edema who underwent intravitreal Ozurdex® injection. During the procedure the implant was accidentally injected into the lens body. We also discuss about the surgical management of this complication.ResultsThe patient was scheduled for phacoemulsification surgery of the lens with implantation of a 3‐piece lens into the sulcus because a tear in the posterior capsule was identified during the surgery.ConclusionsFew problems involving the anterior segment in Ozurdex® implants have been described. However, the injection of the dispositive into the crystalline lens is a rare complication we must take into account. Cataract surgery should be performed as soon as possible and we must keep in mind the posible damage of the structures such as posterior capsule or lens zonules. We recommend the management of these cases with a 3‐pieces IOL into the sulcus.
Retinal nerve fiber layer measurements in multiple sclerosis patients using new Swetpt‐Source Optical coherence tomography Triton device
Authors: Cipres Alastuey M. , Vilades Palomar E. , Garcia Martín E. , Satué M. , Rodrigo M.J. , Obis Alfaro J. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness measurements changes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients using Swept‐source optical coherence tomography (SS‐OCT)Methods101 healthy and 97 MS eyes were included. All of them underwent retinal evaluation using DRI Triton 3DH wide scan and retinal peripapillary thickness was analyzed: Total retinal thickness, CFNR, GCL+ (ganglion cells layer between CFNR and inner nuclear layer) and GCL++ (from the inner limiting membrane to inner nuclear layer) thickness were evaluated. Comparisons between the two groups were performed using Student's T testResultsGCL+ showed significant thinning in MS patients compared to controls, in temporal, nasal and superonasal sectors; GCL++ and RNFL thickness were significantly lower in the MS group in all the sectors except nasal; total retinal thickness was lower in MS patients in all sectors. (p < 0.05)ConclusionsPeripapillary retinal structural alterations can be detected in MS patients using SS‐OCT Triton. Further studies comparing Spectral domain and Swept source OCT are needed to demostrate superior capability of SS‐OCT technology to detect retinal changes in these patients.
SMA+perivascular cells evaluation in VEGF induced blood‐retinal barrier breakdown in rabbit model
Authors: Grillo‐Antonelli S. , Mauro V. , Cimbolini N. , Feraille L. , Elena P.P. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeDiabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the hallmark microvascular diseases secondary to diabetes. Endothelial cells and perivascular cells are key players in the pathogenesis. It has been shown that VEGF coordinates interactions between endothelial and perivascular cells. In rodent studies, VEGF injected into the eyes results in vascular retinal permeability with pericyte loss. Immunochemistry used for quantification of perivascular cells is well described for murine species but not for rabbit. The aim of the present study was to evaluate perivascular cell pattern in rabbit induced retinal permeability model.MethodsTen pigmented rabbits were induced by intravitreal injection of 500 ng rhVEGF165 into the right eye. At day 2, quantification of vascular leakage was evaluated by fluorometry in both eyes. At day 3, both eye were sampled and fixed. Anti‐ SMA and Isolectin B4 staining was performed on flat‐mounted retina. The evaluation of SMA+cells was performed along the microvasculature.ResultsArea of SMA+cells decreased with distal progression along the arterioles and venules: from 78% to 47% of coverage for arteriolar tree and 69% to 47% for venular tree, less coverage for capillary (30%). Flat‐mounted retina immunostaining analysis revealed that VEGF‐induced treated eyes displayed a remodeling and a loss of the SMA+cells coverage in comparison with left non‐induced eyes: Radial arteriole coverage decreased by 27% (A2) and 23% (A3) in VEGF‐induced eye. Radial venular coverage decreased by 22% (V2) in VEGF‐induced eye. No difference was observed on capillary vessel type with SMA immunolabelling.ConclusionsThis study showed the SMA+cells coverage pattern of retinal microvasculature in rabbit eyes and indicates that VEGF decreased SMA+cells coverage of both arteriolar and venular tree in an induced blood‐retinal barrier breakdown rabbit model.
Thickness of chorioretinal complex in the fovea in teenagers with myopia
Authors: Boychuk I. , Shebil S. , Ivanickaya E. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo study the features of chorioretinal complex in teenagers with myopia of different degree this work was done.MethodsMeasurement of choroidal layer thickness in the fovea was performed in 27 patients aged 14–16 y.o. (7 with mild degree of myopia, 10 with medial and 10 with high degree) .Visual acuity with correction was (0.8 ± 0.2), refraction (−1 to 7.0) dptr (average (−3.6 ± 0.45) dptr). All patients underwent General ophthalmic observation; the thickness of the choroidal layer was measured by OCT (SPECTRALIS Tracing Laser Tomography, Heidelberg Engineering) according to standard protocols in the fovea in both directions of scan. The value of chorioretinal complex in the fovea was measured from the vertical Hyper‐reflective layer of pigment epithelium to the border connections of the choroidal and sclera tissues.ResultsData analysis showed significantly greater thickness (198 ± 15.9) μm of chorioretinal complex in fovea in children with mild myopia, than in medial cases (164 ± 17.0) μm, p = 0.02 and myopia of high degree (139 ± 17.0) μm, p = 0.001. It is known that in healthy patients choroidal thickness is 270–350 μm, i.e. in adolescents with myopia choroidal thickness is significantly thinner. We have not found significant differences of choroidal thickness in patients in the fovea when measured in the horizontal and vertical directions of scan (paired t‐test, p = 0.2).ConclusionsIt is established that the thickness of chorioretinal complex in the fovea in adolescents with myopia is significantly thinner compared to healthy. 2. The thickness of chorioretinal complex in the fovea in adolescents with mild myopia significantly thicker than in teenagers with myopia of medial and high degree (p = 0.02, p = 0.001, respectively).
Macular hole angle as a surgery prognostic factor
Authors: Rocha de Sousa A. , Silva M.I. , Morais A.S. , Falcao M. , Falcao‐Reis F. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo analyze pre‐surgical macular hole (MH) angle measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) and its influence on anatomical and visual outcomes of macular hole surgeryMethodsA retrospective observational study of 37 eyes, with idiopathic MH, of 37 patients was conducted between 2013 January 1st and 2014 December 31st. Temporal and nasal angles of the macular holes were measured as the angle between RPE and the retinal edge. Angles were measured using a protractor directly on the screen of the SD‐OCT machine. For statistical analysis, the approximate average angle of the macular hole was estimated through the average between the temporal and nasal angle of each eye. Besides medium MH angle, other parameters were considered, including minimum hole diameter; hole base diameter; hole height and presence of cystic edges. Several MH indices, such as Macular Hole Index, Tractional Hole Index and Diameter Hole Index, were calculated. Separate multivariate regressions for the dependent variables final best corrected visual acuity and anatomical closure were performed to analyze their associations with SD‐OCT parameters as independent variables.ResultsMedian average angle was 43.5 (35.0–45.5) degrees. Multivariate analysis showed that average angle did not significantly correlated to anatomical closure and final visual acuity, in contrast to hole base diameter and hole height that significantly correlated to final visual acuity.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates that MH angle did not correlate to anatomical or visual outcome after MH repair surgery.
Comparison of visual and refractive outcomes after implantation of a new diffractive trifocal toric lens, a trifocal lens and a monofocal toric lens
Authors: Marechal M. , Delbarre M. , Berguiga M. , Rambaud C. , Benisty D. , Charpentier S. , Timsit A. , Froussart‐Maille F. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeTo evaluate a diffractif trifocal toric intraocular lens (IOL) comparated with a trifocal IOL and a monofocal toric IOL.MethodsThis retrospective comparative study included patients with visually significant cataract or presbyopia who were scheduled for lensectomy and implantation of IOL. They were included in 3 groups according to the IOL implanted: multifocal group, multifocal toric group and toric group. At 1 month postoperatively, visual acuity (VA) at long and near distance, and refractive outcomes were examined.Results70 eyes of 45 patients were included. 21 eyes in the multifocal group, 22 in the multifocal toric group, and 27 in the toric group. The mean age of patients was 70.7 years +/− 10.6 (range 52–91 years). Postoperatively, the mean refractive astigmatism decreased to 0.71D, 0.77D and 0.72D respectively in the 3 groups. The distance uncorrected VA was 0.13logMar +/− 0.11 for multifocal group, 0.13logMar +/− 0.16 for multifocal toric group and 0.12logMar +/− 0.11 for toric group. There were no statistically differences between the 3 groups for the uncorrected distance VA, and between multifocal group and multifocal toric group for the uncorrected near VA.ConclusionsDiffractif trifocal toric IOL provided useful VA at any distance. The addition of a toric surface to the aspheric diffractive multifocal IOL resulted in a comparable visual performance.