bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
P66Shc-Induced MicroRNA-34a Causes Diabetic Endothelial Dysfunction by Downregulating Sirtuin1
Authors: Li Qiuxia , Kim Young-Rae , Vikram Ajit , Kumar Santosh , Kassan Modar , Gabani Mohanad , Lee Sang Ki , Jacobs Julia S. , Irani Kaikobad 
Published: October 2016

Objective—
Diabetes mellitus causes vascular endothelial dysfunction and alters vascular microRNA expression. We investigated whether endothelial microRNA-34a (miR-34a) leads to diabetic vascular dysfunction by targeting endothelial sirtuin1 (Sirt1) and asked whether the oxidative stress protein p66Shc governs miR-34a expression in the diabetic endothelium.

Approach and Results—
MiR-34a is upregulated, and Sirt1 downregulated, in aortic endothelium of db/db and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Systemic administration of miR-34a inhibitor, or endothelium-specific knockout of miR-34a, prevents downregulation of aortic Sirt1 and rescues impaired endothelium-dependent aortic vasorelaxation induced by diabetes mellitus. Moreover, overexpression of Sirt1 mitigates impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation caused by miR-34a mimic ex vivo. Systemic infusion of miR-34a inhibitor or genetic ablation of endothelial miR-34a prevents downregulation of endothelial Sirt1 by high glucose. MiR-34a is upregulated, Sirt1 is downregulated, and oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide) is induced in endothelial cells incubated with high glucose or the free fatty acid palmitate in vitro. Increase of hydrogen peroxide and induction of endothelial miR-34a by high glucose or palmitate in vitro is suppressed by knockdown of p66shc. In addition, overexpression of wild-type but not redox-deficient p66Shc upregulates miR-34a in endothelial cells. P66Shc-stimulated upregulation of endothelial miR-34a is suppressed by cell-permeable antioxidants. Finally, mice with global knockdown of p66Shc are protected from diabetes mellitus–induced upregulation of miR-34a and downregulation of Sirt1 in the endothelium.

Conclusions—
These data show that hyperglycemia and elevated free fatty acids in the diabetic milieu recruit p66Shc to upregulate endothelial miR-34a via an oxidant-sensitive mechanism, which leads to endothelial dysfunction by targeting Sirt1.
Kv7 Channel Activation Underpins EPAC-Dependent Relaxations of Rat Arteries
Authors: Stott Jennifer B. , Barrese Vincenzo , Greenwood Iain A. 
Published: October 2016

Objective—
To establish the role of Kv7 channels in EPAC (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP)-dependent relaxations of the rat vasculature and to investigate whether this contributes to β-adrenoceptor-mediated vasorelaxations.

Approach and Results—
Isolated rat renal and mesenteric arteries (RA and MA, respectively) were used for isometric tension recording to study the relaxant effects of a specific EPAC activator and the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoproterenol in the presence of potassium channel inhibitors and cell signaling modulators. Isolated myocytes were used in proximity ligation assay studies to detect localization of signaling intermediaries with Kv7.4 before and after cell stimulation. Our studies showed that the EPAC activator (8-pCPT-2Me-cAMP-AM) produced relaxations and enhanced currents of MA and RA that were sensitive to linopirdine (Kv7 inhibitor). Linopirdine also inhibited isoproterenol-mediated relaxations in both RA and MA. In the MA, isoproterenol relaxations were sensitive to EPAC inhibition, but not protein kinase A inhibition. In contrast, isoproterenol relaxations in RA were attenuated by protein kinase A but not by EPAC inhibition. Proximity ligation assay showed a localization of Kv7.4 with A-kinase anchoring protein in both vessels in the basal state, which increased only in the RA with isoproterenol stimulation. In the MA, but not the RA, a localization of Kv7.4 with both Rap1a and Rap2 (downstream of EPAC) increased with isoproterenol stimulation.

Conclusions—
EPAC-dependent vasorelaxations occur in part via activation of Kv7 channels. This contributes to the isoproterenol-mediated relaxation in mesenteric, but not renal, arteries.
Neuronal Oscillations Indicate Sleep-dependent Changes in the Cortical Memory Trace
Authors: Köster Moritz , Finger Holger , Kater Maren-Jo , Schenk Christoph , Gruber Thomas 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Sleep promotes the consolidation of newly acquired associative memories. Here we used neuronal oscillations in the human EEG to investigate sleep-dependent changes in the cortical memory trace. The retrieval activity for object–color associations was assessed immediately after encoding and after 3 hr of sleep or wakefulness. Sleep had beneficial effects on memory performance and led to reduced event-related theta and gamma power during the retrieval of associative memories. Furthermore, event-related alpha suppression was attenuated in the wake group for memorized and novel stimuli. There were no sleep-dependent changes in retrieval activity for missed items or items retrieved without color. Thus, the sleep-dependent reduction in theta and gamma oscillations was specific for the retrieval of associative memories. In line with theoretical accounts on sleep-dependent memory consolidation, decreased theta may indicate reduced mediotemporal activity because of a transfer of information into neocortical networks during sleep, whereas reduced parietal gamma may reflect effects of synaptic downscaling. Changes in alpha suppression in the wake group possibly index reduced attentional resources that may also contribute to a lower memory performance in this group. These findings indicate that the consolidation of associative memories during sleep is associated with profound changes in the cortical memory trace and relies on multiple neuronal processes working in concert.
Impact of Lake Breezes on Summer Ozone Concentrations in the Salt Lake Valley
Authors: Blaylock Brian K. , Horel John D. , Crosman Erik T. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDuring the late afternoon of 18 June 2015, ozone concentrations in advance of a strong lake-breeze front arising from the Great Salt Lake in northern Utah were ~20 ppb lower than those in its wake. The lake-breeze progression and ozone concentrations in the valley were monitored by an enhanced observation network that included automated weather stations, a nearby Terminal Doppler Weather Radar, state air quality measurement sites, and mobile platforms, including a news helicopter. Southerly flow opposing the lake breeze increased convergent frontogenesis and delayed the onset of its passage through the Salt Lake valley. Ozone concentrations were exceptionally high aloft at the lake-breeze frontal boundary. The progression of this lake breeze was simulated using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model at 1-km horizontal grid spacing over northern Utah. The model was initialized using hourly analyses from the High Resolution Rapid Refresh model. Errors in the underlying surface initialization were improved by adjusting the areal extent and surface temperature of the lake to observed lake conditions. An urban canopy parameterization is also included. The opposing southerly flow was weaker in the simulation than that observed such that the simulated lake-breeze front occurred too early. Continuous passive tracers initialized within and ahead of the lake breeze highlight the dispersion and transport of pollutants arising from the lake-breeze front. Tracers within the lake breeze are confined near the surface while tracers in advance of the front are lofted over it.
Feedback Attributions to the Dominant Modes of East Asian Winter Monsoon Variations
Authors: Li Yana , Yang Song 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the variations and feedback attributions of changes in surface temperature between strong and weak East Asian winter monsoons. The variations of winter-mean surface air temperature are dominated by two distinct principal modes that account for 70.9% of the total variance. The first mode features high correlation with the high-latitude atmospheric circulation, including a correlation coefficient of −0.53 with the Arctic Oscillation in January, and the second mode is significantly linked to El Niño–Southern Oscillation, with a correlation coefficient of −0.37. The surface temperature anomalies of each mode are decomposed into partial temperature anomalies resulting from radiative and nonradiative feedback processes by applying a coupled climate feedback–response analysis method to quantify contributions from thermodynamic and dynamic processes. Results indicate that the surface cooling associated with both modes is mainly attributed to the nonradiative feedback processes of atmospheric dynamics and surface sensible heating and to the radiative feedback processes of water vapor and clouds. The first mode exhibits a deep barotropic anomalous high that weakens the high-latitude westerly jet stream but strengthens the midlatitude westerly jet stream. This circulation feature traps cold and dry air over northern East Asia. For the second mode, the ocean and land heat storage processes induce a large thermal gradient over eastern China and the northwestern Pacific, resulting in a large pressure gradient. Northerly anomalies further reinforce the pressure gradient, which favors cold air intruding southward into the tropics.
Burden of Bites by Dogs and Other Animals in Los Angeles County, California, 2009-2011
Authors: Lyu Caleb , Jewell Mirna Ponce , Piron Jennifer , Ehnert Karen , Beeler Emily , Swanson Alexandra , Smith Lisa V. , Kuo Tony 
Published: October 2016

Objectives: The objective of this study was to analyze all animal-to-human bite reports during a 3-year period from a regional surveillance database. Results helped to inform local efforts to reduce and prevent animal-to-human bites. Methods: We reviewed all cases of animal-to-human bites occurring from 2009 through 2011 that were reported to the Los Angeles County Department of Public Health’s Animal Bites Database. We collected data on the bite victim’s date of birth, age, and address; bite circumstances (ie, date, time, location, how bite occurred); anatomic site and treatment of bite; type of reporting facility; and breed and management of biting animal. Results: From 2009 through 2011, 26   169 animal-to-human bites were reported, of which 23   103 (88%) were dog bites. Most animal-to-human bites (n = 7673, 29%) occurred between 4 pm and 8 pm and peaked during the month of July (n = 2663, 10%). Most animal-to-human bites occurred outdoors (n = 8772, 34%) and while victims engaged in recreational activities (n = 4353, 17%). The hands were the most common injury site (n = 9130, 35%), and only 1% of animal bites (n = 267) resulted in hospitalization. A total of 4115 bite victims (16%) received tetanus vaccinations. Of all animal-to-human bite cases, medical organizations reported 13   451 (51%), and animal control agencies reported 10   682 (41%). Conclusions: Animal-to-human bites can often lead to medical complications. Surveillance is essential in helping to identify, manage, and reduce these highly preventable injuries and direct public health actions and policies on animal bite risk and prevention.
Access to Cancer Care and General Medical Care Services Among Cancer Survivors in the United States
Authors: de Moor Janet S. , Virgo Katherine S. , Li Chunyu , Chawla Neetu , Han Xuesong , Blanch-Hartigan Danielle , Ekwueme Donatus U. , McNeel Timothy S. , Rodriguez Juan L. , Yabroff K. Robin 
Published: October 2016

Objectives: Cancer survivors require appropriate health care to manage their unique health needs. This study describes access to cancer care among cancer survivors in the United States and compares access to general medical care between cancer survivors and people who have no history of cancer. Methods: We assessed access to general medical care using the core 2011 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). We assessed access to cancer care using the MEPS Experiences With Cancer Survey. We used multivariable logistic regression to compare access to general medical care among 2 groups of cancer survivors (those who reported having access to all necessary cancer care [n = 1088] and those who did not [n = 70]) with self-reported access to general medical care among people who had no history of cancer (n = 22 434). Results: Of the 1158 cancer survivors, 70 (6.0%) reported that they did not receive all necessary cancer care. Adjusted analyses found that cancer survivors who reported not receiving all necessary cancer care were also less likely to report receiving general medical care (78.0%) than cancer survivors who reported having access to necessary cancer care (87.1%) and people who had no history of cancer (87.8%). Conclusions: This study provides nationally representative data on the proportion of cancer survivors who have access to necessary cancer care and yields insight into factors that impede survivors’ access to both cancer care and general medical care. This study is a reference for future work on access to care.
Acidosis induced by carbon dioxide insufflation decreases heparin potency: a risk factor for thrombus formation
Authors: Gorter Karin A.M. , Stehouwer Marco C. , Van Putte Bart P. , Vlot Eline A. , Urbanus Rolf T. 
Published: October 2016

Background: Since the introduction of CO2 insufflation during open heart surgery in our hospital, we incidentally observed thrombus formation in the dissected heart, in the pericardium and in the cardiotomy reservoir of the cardiopulmonary bypass system. Furthermore, we measured very high levels of pCO2, causing severe acidosis, in stagnant blood in the pericardium and cardiotomy reservoir. Objectives: In this in vitro study, we assessed the influence of acidosis and hypothermia on heparin potency and thrombin formation. Methods: We assessed heparin potency in function of pH (pH 5.0-7.4) and temperature (24-37°C) by comparing the activated partial thromboplastin time in platelet-poor plasma between samples with and without unfractionated heparin. We measured thrombin formation in platelet-poor plasma by means of fluorescent, calibrated, automated thrombography in function of pH (pH 5.0-7.4) and temperature (24-37°C). The parameters of interest were the endogenous thrombin potential and the peak amount of thrombin generation. Results: The major finding of this study is the significant decrease in the efficiency of unfractionated heparin in delaying thrombus formation at acidotic (pH 5.0-7.0) conditions (p=0.034-0.05). Furthermore, we found that thrombin formation is significantly increased at hypothermic (24-34°C) conditions (p=<0.001-0.01). Conclusions: Based on the results of our in-vitro study, we conclude that acidosis may lead to a decreased heparin potency. Acidosis, as induced by CO2 insufflation, may predispose patients to incidental thrombus formation in stagnant blood in the open thorax and in the cardiotomy reservoir. Hypothermia might further increase this risk. Therefore, we recommend reconsidering the potential advantages and disadvantages of using CO2 insufflation during cardiopulmonary bypass.
The frequency and severity of metabolic acidosis related to topiramate
Authors: Türe Hatice , Keskin Özgül , Çakır Ülkem , Aykut Bingöl Canan , Türe Uğur 
Published: October 2016

Objective We planned a cross-sectional analysis to determine the frequency and severity of metabolic acidosis in patients taking topiramate while awaiting craniotomy. Methods Eighty patients (18 – 65 years) taking topiramate to control seizures while awaiting elective craniotomy were enrolled. Any signs of metabolic acidosis or topiramate-related side effects were investigated. Blood chemistry levels and arterial blood gases, including lactate, were obtained. The severity of metabolic acidosis was defined according to base excess levels as mild or moderate. Results Blood gas analysis showed that 71% ( n = 57) of patients had metabolic acidosis. The frequency of moderate metabolic acidosis was 56% ( n = 45), while that of mild metabolic acidosis was 15% ( n = 12). A high respiratory rate was reported in only 10% of moderately acidotic patients. Conclusions In patients receiving topiramate, baseline blood gas analysis should be performed preoperatively to determine the presence and severity of metabolic acidosis.
The Effect of the “Zero Tolerance for Head Contact” Rule Change on the Risk of Concussions in Youth Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Krolikowski Maciej P. , Black Amanda M. , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Blake Tracy A. , Schneider Kathryn J. , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: October 2016

Background: Ice hockey is a popular winter sport in Canada. Concussions account for the greatest proportion of all injuries in youth ice hockey. In 2011, a policy change enforcing “zero tolerance for head contact” was implemented in all leagues in Canada. Purpose: To determine if the risk of game-related concussions and more severe concussions (ie, resulting in >10 days of time loss) and the mechanisms of a concussion differed for Pee Wee class (ages 11-12 years) and Bantam class (ages 13-14 years) players after the 2011 “zero tolerance for head contact” policy change compared with players in similar divisions before the policy change. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The retrospective cohort included Pee Wee (most elite 70%, 2007-2008; n = 891) and Bantam (most elite 30%, 2008-2009; n = 378) players before the rule change and Pee Wee (2011-2012; n = 588) and Bantam (2011-2012; n = 242) players in the same levels of play after the policy change. Suspected concussions were identified by a team designate and referred to a sport medicine physician for diagnosis. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated based on multiple Poisson regression analysis, controlling for clustering by team and other important covariates and offset by game-exposure hours. Incidence rates based on the mechanisms of a concussion were estimated based on univariate Poisson regression analysis. Results: The risk of game-related concussions increased after the head contact rule in Pee Wee (IRR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.20-2.86) and Bantam (IRR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.17-5.24) players. The risk of more severe concussions increased after the head contact rule in Pee Wee (IRR, 4.12; 95% CI, 2.00-8.50) and Bantam (IRR, 7.91; 95% CI, 3.13-19.94) players. The rates of concussions due to body checking and direct head contact increased after the rule change. Conclusion: The “zero tolerance for head contact” policy change did not reduce the risk of game-related concussions in Pee Wee or Bantam class ice hockey players. Increased concussion awareness and education after the policy change may have contributed to the increased risk of concussions found after the policy change.
Patients’ moral views on coercion in mental healthcare
Authors: Norvoll Reidun , Pedersen Reidar 
Published: October 2016

Background: Coercion in mental healthcare has led to ethical debate on its nature and use. However, few studies have explicitly explored patients’ moral evaluations of coercion. Aim: The purpose of this study is to increase understanding of patients’ moral views and considerations regarding coercion. Research design: Semi-structured focus-group and individual interviews were conducted and data were analysed through a thematic content analysis. Participants and research context: A total of 24 adult participants with various mental health problems and experiences with coercion were interviewed in 2012–2013 in three regions of Norway. Ethical considerations: Ethical approval and permissions were obtained according to required procedures. Informed consent and confidentiality were also secured. Findings: Ethical considerations regarding coercion included seven main themes: the need for alternative perspectives and solutions, the existence of a danger or harm to oneself or others, the problem of paternalism, the problem of discrimination and stigma, the need for proportionality, the importance of the content and consequences of coercion and concerns about way that coercion is carried out in practice. Discussion: The participants’ views and considerations are in line with previous research and reflect the range of normative arguments commonly encountered in ethical and legal debates. The study accentuates the significance of institutional factors and alternative voluntary treatment opportunities, as well as the legal and ethical principles of proportionality and purposefulness, in moral evaluations of coercion. Conclusion: Broader perspectives on coercion are required to comprehend its ethical challenges and derive possible solutions to these from a patient perspective.
National Trends in Home Treatment of Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Stein Paul D. , Matta Fadi , Hughes Mary J. 
Published: October 2016

Background: Management of patients with acute pulmonary embolism has evolved from obligatory hospitalization to home treatment of carefully selected low-risk patients. The purpose of this investigation is to determine national trends in the prevalence of home treatment of pulmonary embolism. Methods: The Nationwide Emergency Department Sample was used to determine the number of patients seen in emergency departments throughout the United States with a primary (first-listed) diagnosis of pulmonary embolism and the proportion hospitalized according to age, from 2007 to 2012. The National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample was used to determine in-hospital all-cause mortality and length of stay of hospitalized patients. Patients were adults (≥18 years) of both genders and all races from all regions of the United States. Excluded patients were those in shock or on ventilator support. International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes were used to identify patients and comorbid conditions. Results: Home treatment was selected for 54 494 (6.0%) of 915 702 stable patients with acute pulmonary embolism. The proportion of patients treated at home was age-dependent, highest in those aged 30 years or younger, 12.1%, and lowest in those >80 years, 2.9%. Most patients treated at home, 66.8%, and had no comorbid conditions. In-hospital all-cause deaths were 2.6%. Deaths were ≤0.9% in those ≤40 years and 4.8% in those >80 years. Length of stay was 6 days or longer in 37.6% of patients. Conclusion: In view of the lower death rate among younger patients, they might be a group in whom home treatment would be more advantageous than in elderly patients.