bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and Surface Modification of Nanocellulose: Necessity of Enzymes over Chemicals
Authors: Afrin Sadaf , Karim Zoheb 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNanocellulose is an emerging sustainable biomaterial with exceptional physicochemical properties. It can be isolated from inexpensive renewable cellulosic biomass. Wood cellulose is the most extensively used biomass for the isolation of nanocellulose. Yet, owing to their hydrophilic nature, their utilization is restricted to applications involving hydrophilic or polar media, which limits their exploitation. With the presence of a large number of chemical functionalities within their structure, these building blocks provide a unique platform for significant surface modification through various methods. On the other hand, significantly used hazardous chemicals make the process environmentally unfriendly. Furthermore, recovery of used chemicals and toxicity of final products are the biggest challenges. To overcome these problems, the enzymatic approach is an emerging trend for isolation and surface modification of nanocellulose. This review assembles current knowledge in the research and development of nanocelluloses from cellulosic biomass and emphasizes the enzymatic routes developed so far for isolation, production, and functionalization.
Ehlers–Danlos hypermobility type in an adult with chronic pain and fatigue: a case study
Authors: Cohen Sarah , Markham Fred 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageEhlers–Danlos syndrome hypermobility type (EDS‐HT) is an underdiagnosed genetic connective tissue disorder that causes joint hypermobility and widespread pain. We present a patient with the chief complaint of shoulder pain, a long history of widespread joint pain, and associated comorbidities. EDS‐HT provided a unifying diagnosis and direction for management.
What drives outward FDI from emerging economies? The interplay between exploration orientation and home‐country institutional changes
Authors: Park Byung Il , Xiao Shufeng (Simon) 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe examine how home‐country government involvement and institutional environments interact with the exploration orientation of emerging market firms (EMFs) and how these interrelationships affect the outward foreign direct investment (FDI) behaviours of EMFs. By using a unique data set of Chinese firms, we find that exploration orientation has a positive effect on the outward FDI propensity and outward FDI intensity of Chinese firms. The findings further demonstrate that government support can enhance the independent effects of exploration orientation on outward FDI propensity and outward FDI intensity, but such effects will weaken when a high degree of state ownership exists within these firms. No evidence is found that regional institutional development moderates the effect of exploration orientation on outward FDI behaviours. Copyright © 2017 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial and temporal trends and flow dynamics of glyphosate and other pesticides within an agricultural watershed in Argentina
Authors: Pérez Débora J. , Okada Elena , De Gerónimo Eduardo , Menone Mirta L. , Aparicio Virginia C. , Costa José L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

In the present study, we evaluated the spatial and temporal trends of current-use pesticides in surface water and sediments as well as their relationship with hydrological stream dynamics within the agricultural watershed of El Crespo stream (Buenos Aires Province, Argentina). We sampled 2 contrasting sites: site 1 (upstream), surrounded by agricultural lands, and site 2 (downstream), surrounded by natural grasslands. Most of the applied pesticides (glyphosate, 2,4-D, atrazine, tebuconazole, and imidacloprid) were detected at high frequencies in surface water samples at both sites. However, only glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) were present at high concentrations and had a significant spatial–temporal trend. The highest concentrations were found during spring 2014 at site 1, in association with the intense rains that occurred in that season. The fact that glyphosate and AMPA concentrations were higher than the rest of the studied compounds is closely related to the land use within the watershed, as glyphosate was the most applied herbicide during the fallow period of glyphosate-resistant crops (soybean, maize). The pesticide mixture had a significant spatial–temporal trend, reaching the highest levels during storm flow events in spring 2014. The intensive rains in spring 2014 could be the main factor influencing stream hydrology and pesticide behavior at El Crespo watershed. The estimated annual pesticide losses were 3.11 g/ha at site 1 and 0.72 g/ha at site 2. This result indicates that an attenuation process could be decreasing pesticide loads during downstream transport from site 1 to site 2. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3206–3216. © 2017 SETAC
Potential impact of nonavalent HPV vaccine in the prevention of high‐grade cervical lesions and cervical cancer in Portugal
Authors: Pista Angela , de Oliveira Carlos Freire , Lopes Carlos , Cunha Maria J. ,   the CLEOPATRE Portugal study group
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the potential impact of the nonavalent HPV vaccine for high‐grade cervical lesions and invasive cervical cancer (ICC) in Portugal.MethodsThe present secondary analysis used data collected in the CLEOPATRE II study on the prevalence of HPV 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 among female patients aged 20–88 years. The prevalence of HPV types in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades 2/3 and ICC was examined.ResultsData were included from 582 patients. There were 177, 341, and 64 patients with CIN2, CIN3, and ICC, respectively, and 169 (95.5%), 339 (99.4%), and 62 (96.9) of them had HPV infections. Of patients with HPV infections, HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 infections were identified in 150 (88.8%), 329 (97.1%), and 60 (96.8%) patients with CIN2, CIN3, and ICC, respectively. HPV genotypes 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52, and 58 were identified in 540 (94.7%) of the patients with HPV infections.ConclusionThe addition of the five HPV genotypes included in the nonavalent HPV vaccine (HPV 31/33/45/52/58) could result in the new HPV vaccine preventing 94.7% of CIN2/3 and ICC occurrences.
Reduced cell attachment to poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)‐coated ventricular catheters in vitro
Authors: Hanak Brian W. , Hsieh Chia‐Yun , Donaldson William , Browd Samuel R. , Lau Kenneth K. S. , Shain William 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe majority of patients with hydrocephalus are dependent on ventriculoperitoneal shunts for diversion of excess cerebrospinal fluid. Unfortunately, these shunts are failure‐prone and over half of all life‐threatening pediatric failures are caused by obstruction of the ventricular catheter by the brain's resident immune cells, reactive microglia and astrocytes. Poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) hydrogels are widely used for biomedical implants. The extreme hydrophilicity of PHEMA confers resistance to protein fouling, making it a strong candidate coating for ventricular catheters. With the advent of initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD), a solvent‐free coating technology that creates a polymer in thin film form on a substrate surface by introducing gaseous reactant species into a vacuum reactor, it is now possible to apply uniform polymer coatings on complex three‐dimensional substrate surfaces. iCVD was utilized to coat commercially available ventricular catheters with PHEMA. The chemical structure was confirmed on catheter surfaces using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. PHEMA coating morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Testing PHEMA‐coated catheters against uncoated clinical‐grade catheters in an in vitro hydrocephalus catheter bioreactor containing co‐cultured astrocytes and microglia revealed significant reductions in cell attachment to PHEMA‐coated catheters at both 17‐day and 6‐week time points. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1268–1279, 2018.
Adaptive Mechanisms of Soybean Grown on Salt‐Affected Soils
Authors: Cao Dong , Li Yuanyuan , Liu Baohui , Kong Fanjiang , Tran Lam‐Son Phan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSoybean (Glycine max) is an economically important pulse crop for livestock feed, human consumption and industrial use as a source for production of biodiesel. However, soybean yield is detrimentally affected by soil salinity around the world. To cope with soil salinization, in addition to soil remediation, approaches used in genetically modifying soybean genotypes to increase their productivity under saline conditions are also of importance. Thus, it is crucial to unravel the mechanisms controlling soybean responses to soil salinity in order to improve soybean performance with high salinity tolerance. Knowledge of the regulatory network for salt tolerance in model plants, includingArabidopsis, and the publically available soybean genome sequence has accelerated identification and functional analyses of genes regulating soybean responses to high salinity. This review presents an update of recent works on genetic studies of salt tolerance and the mechanisms regulating soybean responses and tolerance to soil salinity. We also discuss the effort and progress that have been made in the last decade toward developing high salt‐tolerant soybean varieties with improved productivity. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crustacean zooplankton release copious amounts of dissolved organic matter as taurine in the ocean
Authors: Clifford Elisabeth L. , Hansell Dennis A. , Varela Marta M. , Nieto‐Cid Mar , Herndl Gerhard J. , Sintes Eva 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTaurine (Tau), an amino acid‐like compound, is present in almost all marine metazoans including crustacean zooplankton. It plays an important physiological role in these organisms and is released into the ambient water throughout their life cycle. However, limited information is available on the release rates by marine organisms, the concentrations and turnover of Tau in the ocean. We determined dissolved free Tau concentrations throughout the water column and its release by abundant crustacean mesozooplankton at two open ocean sites (Gulf of Alaska and North Atlantic). At both locations, the concentrations of dissolved free Tau were in the low nM range (up to 15.7 nM) in epipelagic waters, declining sharply in the mesopelagic to about 0.2 nM and remaining fairly stable throughout the bathypelagic waters. Pacific amphipod–copepod assemblages exhibited lower dissolved free Tau release rates per unit biomass (0.8 ± 0.4 μmol g−1 C‐biomass h−1) than Atlantic copepods (ranging between 1.3 ± 0.4 μmol g−1 C‐biomass h−1 and 9.5 ± 2.1 μmol g−1 C‐biomass h−1), in agreement with the well‐documented inverse relationship between biomass‐normalized excretion rates and body size. Our results indicate that crustacean zooplankton might contribute significantly to the dissolved organic matter flux in marine ecosystems via dissolved free Tau release. Based on the release rates and assuming steady state dissolved free Tau concentrations, turnover times of dissolved free Tau range from 0.05 d to 2.3 d in the upper water column and are therefore similar to those of dissolved free amino acids. This rapid turnover indicates that dissolved free Tau is efficiently consumed in oceanic waters, most likely by heterotrophic bacteria.
Prevalence and orthopedic management of foot and ankle deformities in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease
Authors: Laurá Matilde , Singh Dishan , Ramdharry Gita , Morrow Jasper , Skorupinska Mariola , Pareyson Davide , Burns Joshua , Lewis Richard A. , Scherer Steven S. , Herrmann David N. , Cullen Nicholas , Bradish Christopher , Gaiani Luca , Martinelli Nicolò , Gibbons Paul , Pfeffer Glenn , Phisitkul Phinit , Wapner Keith , Sanders James , Flemister Sam , Shy Michael E. , Reilly Mary M. ,   on behalf of the Inherited Neuropathies Consortium
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Foot deformities are frequent complications in Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease (CMT) patients, often requiring orthopedic surgery. However, there are no prospective, randomized studies on surgical management, and there is variation in the approaches among centers both within and between countries. Methods: In this study we assessed the frequency of foot deformities and surgery among patients recruited into the Inherited Neuropathies Consortium (INC). We also designed a survey addressed to orthopedic surgeons at INC centers to determine whether surgical approaches to orthopedic complications in CMT are variable. Results: Foot deformities were reported in 71% of CMT patients; 30% of the patients had surgery. Survey questions were answered by 16 surgeons working in different specialized centers. Most of the respondents were foot and ankle surgeons. There was marked variation in surgical management. Discussion: Our findings confirm that the approaches to orthopedic management of CMT are varied. We identify areas that require further research. Muscle Nerve 57: 255–259, 2018
Mass spectrometry‐based protein analysis to unravel the tissue pathophysiology in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Authors: Carr Stephanie J. , Zahedi René P. , Lochmüller Hanns , Roos Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic muscle wasting condition with limited treatment options available and is caused by the lack of dystrophin. However, pathophysiology of different tissues is variable showing different histological and molecular signatures. Recently, a number of studies have employed gel‐free proteomic approaches to unveil the molecular pathophysiology in terms of tissue‐specific proteome changes in dystrophin deficiency. The authors analyzed studies in models of dystrophin deficiency and patients both from the published literature. The authors created a database containing all of the significantly differentially expressed proteins. By the integration of data from nine studies, the authors have identified 31 proteins which are commonly affected in different tissues by dystrophin deficiency. These proteins represent pathways involved in the maintenance of the actin cytoskeleton and those involved in cellular energy metabolism among others. Also represented is glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), often used as a loading control in protein assays, it appears to be highly variable, and should be replaced by other controls. The same intersection of data was performed using studies of the blood and urine of Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients and/or animal models and identified 33 proteins that are commonly differentially expressed. These proteins may themselves be novel therapeutic targets biomarkers that could monitor disease progression.
Free vibration analysis of nanocomposite sandwich plates reinforced with CNT aggregates
Authors: Moradi‐Dastjerdi Rasool , Malek‐Mohammadi Hossein , Momeni‐Khabisi Hamed 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article, free vibration analysis of simply supported sandwich plates with a flexible core and two functionally graded nanocomposite face sheets resting on two‐parameter elastic foundation is carried out using Navier's solution. The nanocomposite face sheets are reinforced by randomly oriented and aggregated carbon nanotube (CNT). The material properties of the nanocomposites plates are graded along the thickness and are estimated though the Eshelby–Mori–Tanaka approach. In the proposed theory, 3‐D elasticity theory and first order shear deformation theory are used for core and face sheets, respectively. Also, Hamilton's variational principle is used to derive the equations of motion.
Asymptotic behavior of non‐uniform Timoshenko beam acting on shear force with feedback controller
Authors: Aouadi Moncef , Boulehmi Kaouther 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe spectrum and asymptotic behavior of a non‐uniform Timoshenko beam with second sound is considered in this paper. In particular, we consider a new thermoelastic coupling on shear force. The velocity of the beam at one end is observed. A feedback controller is designed to stabilize the beam. Firstly, we prove the well‐posedness of the considered problem and that the operator has compact resolvent and generates a semigroup in an appropriate space. We also show that there is a sequence of the generalized eigenvectors of the operator that forms a Riesz basis. Then based on the distribution of the spectrum, they prove that the corresponding semigroup decays exponentially independently of the wave speeds of propagation. However, it no longer decays exponentially if there is no feedback controller. As application, we consider the uniform problem to improve some already existing results and to find the best choice of the feedback ensuring the exponential stability.
Synergistic Interaction between Nonionic Octylphenol Polyoxyethylene Ethers and Effect of Hydrophilic Chain
Authors: Huang Jing , Ren Zhao Hua 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe micellization of binary mixture composed of nonionic octylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (OP‐n, n is the average number of oxyethylene unit) and its homologues, as well as the effect of hydrophilic chain were investigated. The tensiometry was adopted to determine the critical micelle concentration of binary surfactant mixture. According to the regular solution theory, some thermodynamic models were used to predict the parameters of micellization and the thermodynamic parameters. For all the three binary mixtures of nonionic/nonionic surfactants, each of which shows a nonideal mixing and can behave synergistically in aqueous solution. For both the mixture of OP‐10/OP‐7 and the mixture of OP‐10/OP‐4, the positive deviation of the mole fraction of surfactant in mixed micelle from its ideal value coexists with the negative deviation in the entire range of compositions in aqueous solution, while for the mixture of OP‐7/OP‐4, it only shows a positive deviation. Thermodynamic data indicate that for all the three binary surfactant mixtures, the process of micellization is entropically spontaneous, and the change of hydrophilic chain results in the difference in the stability of mixed micelle. The results can be explained by the steric effect, the hydrogen bonding and the hydration. The work helps with understanding the interaction between molecules and properties for some industrial products constituted by nonionic surfactant and its homologues.
Food deprivation in F0 generation and hypercaloric diet in F1 generation reduce F2 generation astrogliosis in several brain areas after immune challenge
Authors: Ogassawara T.B. , Joaquim A. , Coelho C.P. , Bernardi M.M. , Teodorov E. , Martins M.F.M. , Kirsten T.B. , Bonamin L.V. , Dossa P.D. , Viebig L.B. , Bondan E.F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAimsThe effects of maternal food restriction during gestation in F0 generation followed by hypercaloric diet (HD) during puberty in F1 generation (F1HD) were investigated on astrocyte behavior of F2 generation. Also, the astrocyte behavior, after an immune challenge, was examined by the immunohistochemical expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in several brain areas.MethodsThe body weight gain (BW) during development and in postnatal day (PND) 90–95, the retroperitoneal fat weight (RPF), and the size of larger and smaller adipocytes in the F1 generation were assessed to observe the effects of HD in female rats. The BW, RPF weight and size of smaller and larger adipocytes was also measured to evaluate the transgenerational effects of F0 and F1 diets on F2 generation, treated or not with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Key findingsThe F1HD group exhibited a higher BW gain than the F1 treated with normocaloric diet (ND, group F1ND), from weaning to PND65. In the frontal/parietal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamic arcuate/periventricular nuclei, molecular/granular layers of the cerebellum areas, excepting the pons, GFAP expression was greater in F1HD group relative to F1ND group. A reduced GFAP expression was observed in both groups born from F1 generation fed with HD (groups F2HDS and F2HDLPS) in relation to F2 generation born from dams fed with ND (groups F2NDS and F2NDLPS), independently of LPS challenge.SignificanceThese data show an attenuation of LPS effect on GFAP expression, probably by a transgenerational effect of both maternal food deprivation in F0 generation and HD in F1 generation.
Basket Composition and Choice among Direct Channels: A Latent State Model of Shopping Costs
Authors: Kalyanam Kirthi , Lenk Peter , Rhee Eddie 
Published: June 2017

Shoppers of multi-channel retailers often place orders using different channels on different shopping occasions. The differential use of channels is related to both basket composition and channel characteristics, such as the ability of the channel to provide additional information that resolves uncertainty about the purchase. In this paper, we examine the impact of basket composition on the choice among direct channels. We develop a two-stage, shopping cost model with two, latent states. Given a shopping basket, the shopper first decides if she needs additional information about items in the basket. If she is uncertain about the items in the basket meeting her needs, she uses an information rich channel, such as the retailer's website or call center, and risk reduction costs become salient in addition to the other shopping costs. If she does not require additional information, she places her order by choosing among all available channels, and she may incur a welfare loss from making a purchase that does not optimally meet her needs. We operationalize welfare loss with Shannon information and various metrics based on purchase history. Our empirical setting is a data set from a catalog retailer that offers multiple direct channels. Our estimates show that basket composition impacts channel choice. Large baskets shift to the Internet channel, suggesting that the Internet channel has lower ordering costs. High-risk baskets shift to call centers and this suggests that the call center has lower risk reduction costs. Collectively these estimates provide evidence for the notion of channel specialization—some channels are better at addressing certain shopping costs compared to others. Our estimates also show that electronic self-service channels have high initial access costs and a significant learning curve compared to the call center suggesting that these channels might be better suited to heavy users. We use the estimated model to quantify the value of channels, to identify categories that need risk reduction, and to segment and target shoppers for Internet ordering based on basket size and the potential to accumulate experience.