bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legacy effects of diversity in space and time driven by winter cover crop biomass and nitrogen concentration
Authors: Barel Janna M. , Kuyper Thomas W. , de Boer Wietse , Douma Jacob C. , De Deyn Gerlinde B. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Plant diversity can increase nitrogen cycling and decrease soil‐borne pests, which are feedback mechanisms influencing subsequent plant growth. The relative strength of these mechanisms is unclear, as is the influence of preceding plant quantity and quality. Here, we studied how plant diversity in space and time influences subsequent crop growth.

During 2 years, we rotated two main crops (Avena sativa, Cichorium endivia) with four winter cover crop (WCC) species in monocultures and mixtures. We hypothesized that, relative to monocultures, WCC mixtures promote WCC biomass (quantity) and nitrogen concentration (quality), soil mineral nitrogen, soil organic matter, and reduce plant‐feeding nematode abundance. Additionally, we predicted that preceding crops modified WCC legacies. By structural equation modelling (SEM), we tested the relative importance of WCC shoot biomass and nitrogen concentration on succeeding crop productivity directly and indirectly via nitrogen cycling and root‐feeding nematode abundance.

WCC shoot biomass, soil properties and succeeding Avena productivity were affected by first‐season cropping, whereas subsequent Cichorium only responded to the WCC treatments. WCC mixtures’ productivity and nitrogen concentration showed over‐ and under‐yielding, depending on mixture composition. Soil nitrogen and nematode abundance did not display WCC mixture effects. Soil organic matter was lower than expected after Raphanus sativus + Vicia sativa mixture. Subsequent Avena productivity depended upon mixture composition, whereas final Cichorium productivity was unresponsive to WCC mixtures. SEM indicated that WCC legacy effects on subsequent Avena (R2 = 0.52) and Cichorium (R2 = 0.59) productivity were driven by WCC biomass and nitrogen concentration, although not by the quantified soil properties.

Synthesis and applications. Through understanding plant–soil feedback, legacy effects of plant species and species mixtures can be employed for sustainable management of agro‐ecosystems. Biomass and nitrogen concentration of plants returned to the soil stimulate subsequent plant productivity. Winter cover crop quantity and quality are both manipulable with mixtures. The specificity of spatial and temporal diversity effects warrants consideration of plant species choice in mixtures and rotations for optimal employment of beneficial legacy effects.
Microbial network, phylogenetic diversity and community membership in the active layer across a permafrost thaw gradient
Authors: Mondav Rhiannon , McCalley Carmody K. , Hodgkins Suzanne B. , Frolking Steve , Saleska Scott R. , Rich Virginia I. , Chanton Jeff P. , Crill Patrick M. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBiogenic production and release of methane (CH4) from thawing permafrost has the potential to be a strong source of radiative forcing. We investigated changes in the active layer microbial community of three sites representative of distinct permafrost thaw stages at a palsa mire in northern Sweden. The palsa site (intact permafrost and low radiative forcing signature) had a phylogenetically clustered community dominated by Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria. The bog (thawing permafrost and low radiative forcing signature) had lower alpha diversity and midrange phylogenetic clustering, characteristic of ecosystem disturbance affecting habitat filtering. Hydrogenotrophic methanogens and Acidobacteria dominated the bog shifting from palsa‐like to fen‐like at the waterline. The fen (no underlying permafrost, high radiative forcing signature) had the highest alpha, beta and phylogenetic diversity, was dominated by Proteobacteria and Euryarchaeota and was significantly enriched in methanogens. The Mire microbial network was modular with module cores consisting of clusters of Acidobacteria, Euryarchaeota or Xanthomonodales. Loss of underlying permafrost with associated hydrological shifts correlated to changes in microbial composition, alpha, beta and phylogenetic diversity associated with a higher radiative forcing signature. These results support the complex role of microbial interactions in mediating carbon budget changes and climate feedback in response to climate forcing.
Enhancement of the functional properties of whey protein by conjugation with maltodextrin under dry‐heating conditions
Authors: Mulcahy Eve M , Park Curtis W , Drake MaryAnne , Mulvihill Daniel M , O'Mahony James A 
Published: June 2017

Conjugation of whey protein isolate (WPI) and maltodextrin (MD, dextrose equivalent of 6) was achieved by dry‐heating at an initial pH of 7.0, at 60 °C and 79% relative humidity, with WPI: MD6 ratio of 1:1, for up to 24 h. Conjugation was achieved with limited development of colour and advanced Maillard products on 24 h of heating. Conjugation increased the protein solubility at pH 4.5, by 7.1–8.5%, compared to the unheated and heated WPI controls. Conjugation of WPI with MD6 enhanced the stability and retention of clarity in protein solutions heated at 85 °C for 10 min with 50 mM added NaCl.
Objective neuromuscular monitoring of neuromuscular blockade in Denmark: an online‐based survey of current practice
Authors: Söderström C. M. , Eskildsen K. Z. , Gätke M. R. , Staehr‐Rye A. K. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundNeuromuscular blocking agents are commonly used during general anaesthesia but can lead to postoperative residual neuromuscular blockade and associated morbidity. With appropriate objective neuromuscular monitoring (objNMM) residual blockade can be avoided. In this survey, we investigated the use of objNMM in Denmark.MethodsWe conducted an anonymous Internet‐based survey distributed through e‐mails to Danish public anaesthesia departments. The survey consisted of 15–17 short questions regarding the use of objNMM.ResultsA total of 653 (27%) anaesthetists from 90% of the hospitals answered the questionnaire. ObjNMM was always used by 58% of the anaesthetists and 86% used objNMM at least 75% of the times. Despite the frequent use, 75% of the anaesthetists experienced difficulties with objNMM in at least 25% of the cases. The likelihood of using objNMM was higher among nurse anaesthetists vs. anaesthesiologists (odds ratio (OR) 2.24 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.62–3.08]), if the department had an employee with special interest in objNMM (OR 1.66 [95% CI: 1.12–2.47]), if the anaesthetist had < 5 years of experience (OR 1.88 [95% CI: 1.29–2.73]), or if experiencing difficulties with objNMM < 25% of the cases (OR 1.60 [95% CI: 1.00–2.57]).ConclusionIn this survey, Danish anaesthetists frequently, in an international perspective, use objNMM, but the use is often associated with technical difficulties.
Trace elements in patients on continuous renal replacement therapy
Authors: Broman M. , Bryland A. , Carlsson O. ,   for the T‐Trace Acute Study Group
Published: June 2017

PurposeIntensive care patients with acute kidney injury (AKI), treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) are at great risk for disturbances in plasma levels of trace elements due to the underlying illness, AKI, and dialysis. This study was performed to increase our knowledge regarding eight different trace elements during CRRT.MethodsThirty one stable patients with AKI, treated with CRRT, were included in the study. Blood, plasma and effluent samples were taken at the start of the study and 36 ± 12 h later. A group of 48 healthy volunteers were included as controls and exposed to one fasting blood sample. Samples were analysed for trace elements (Cr, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn, Rb, Mo, Se) and standard blood chemistry.ResultsBlood and plasma levels of selenium and rubidium were significantly reduced while the levels of chromium, cobalt, and molybdenum were significantly increased in the study group vs. healthy volunteers. There was an uptake of chromium, manganese, and zinc. Molybdenum mass balance was around zero. For selenium, copper, and rubidium there were a marked loss.ConclusionsThe low levels of selenium and rubidium in blood and plasma from CRRT patients, together with the loss via CRRT effluent, raises the possibility of the need for selenium supplementation in this group of patients, despite the unchanged levels during the short study period. Further investigations on the effect of additional administration of trace elements to CRRT patients would be of interest.
Examining coping style and the relationship between stress and subjective well‐being in Australia's ‘sandwich generation’
Authors: Gillett Jade E , Crisp Dimity A 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe sandwich generation represents adults, often in midlife, who care for both children and ageing parents/relatives. While the stress they experience has received some attention, little research has investigated the subjective well‐being (SWB) of this population. This study examined the relationship between perceived stress and SWB and the moderating effect of coping style.MethodsNinety‐three participants (80 women), aged 23–63 years, completed an online survey measuring perceived stress, coping strategies, life satisfaction and positive and negative affect.ResultsStress was negatively associated with SWB. While emotion‐ and problem‐focused coping were directly associated with SWB outcomes, the only moderating effect found was for avoidance‐focused coping (AFC). Specifically, AFC was associated with higher positive affect for those reporting lower stress.ConclusionThis study highlights the need to recognise the distinct circumstances that exist for the sandwich generation. Limitations and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Echographic features and perinatal outcomes in fetuses with congenital absence of ductus venosus
Authors: Garcia‐Delgado Raquel , Garcia‐Rodriguez Raquel , Romero Requejo Azahar , Armas Roca Marta , Obreros Zegarra Luciana , Medina Castellano Margarita , Garcia Hernandez Jose A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to describe the echographic features and perinatal outcomes of fetuses with absence of ductus venosus.Material and methodsRetrospective review of 10 cases with absence of ductus venosus diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography between January 2014 and February 2016 at a single referral center. Prenatal findings, umbilical shunting type, perinatal outcomes, and autopsy reports were reviewed.ResultsA total of 11 491 fetuses underwent a first‐ and second‐trimester screening during the study period. Ten cases of absence of ductus venosus were diagnosed. All of the fetuses presented an extrahepatic shunt: three fetuses from the umbilical vein to the right atrium and the seven remaining fetuses from the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. Major structural defects and fetal effusions were detected in six fetuses. There were two cases of chromosomal abnormalities. Five patients underwent legal termination of pregnancy and five decided to carry to term. In two of these, the absence of ductus venosus anomaly was isolated and had a normal outcome. In the remaining three cases, a follow up of the children showed a variety of adverse outcomes.ConclusionsThe absence of ductus venosus is associated with high rates of adverse perinatal outcomes. The prognosis for this group of anomalies depends on the additional findings with targeted ultrasound. This pathology should lead to a detailed anatomical study and affected fetuses should be closely monitored for signs of congestive heart failure.
Three‐Stream, Bicarbonate‐Based Hemodialysis Solution Delivery System Revisited: With an Emphasis on Some Aspects of Acid‐Base Principles
Authors: Lew Susie Q. , Kohn Orly F. , Cheng Yuk‐Lun , Kjellstrand Carl M. , Ing Todd S. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHemodialysis patients can acquire buffer base (i.e., bicarbonate and buffer base equivalents of certain organic anions) from the acid and base concentrates of a three‐stream, dual‐concentrate, bicarbonate‐based, dialysis solution delivery machine. The differences between dialysis fluid concentrate systems containing acetic acid versus sodium diacetate in the amount of potential buffering power were reviewed. Any organic anion such as acetate, citrate, or lactate (unless when combined with hydrogen) delivered to the body has the potential of being converted to bicarbonate. The prescribing physician aware of the role that organic anions in the concentrates can play in providing buffering power to the final dialysis fluid, will have a better knowledge of the amount of bicarbonate and bicarbonate precursors delivered to the patient.
Proper reprogramming of imprinted and non‐imprinted genes in cloned cattle gametogenesis
Authors: Kaneda Masahiro , Watanabe Shinya , Akagi Satoshi , Inaba Yasushi , Geshi Masaya , Nagai Takashi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEpigenetic abnormalities in cloned animals are caused by incomplete reprogramming of the donor nucleus during the nuclear transfer step (first reprogramming). However, during the second reprogramming step that occurs only in the germline cells, epigenetic errors not corrected during the first step are repaired. Consequently, epigenetic abnormalities in the somatic cells of cloned animals should be erased in their spermatozoa or oocytes. This is supported by the fact that offspring from cloned animals do not exhibit defects at birth or during postnatal development. To test this hypothesis in cloned cattle, we compared the DNA methylation level of two imprinted genes (H19 and PEG3) and three non‐imprinted genes (XIST, OCT4 and NANOG) and two repetitive elements (Satellite I and Satellite II) in blood and sperm DNAs from cloned and non‐cloned bulls. We found no differences between cloned and non‐cloned bulls. We also analyzed the DNA methylation levels of four repetitive elements (Satellite I, Satellite II, Alpha‐satellite and Art2) in oocytes recovered from cloned and non‐cloned cows. Again, no significant differences were observed between clones and non‐clones. These results suggested that imprinted and non‐imprinted genes and repetitive elements were properly reprogramed during gametogenesis in cloned cattle; therefore, they contributed to the soundness of cloned cattle offspring.
Intensifying Work and Chasing Innovation: Incorporating Care in Silicon Valley
Authors: English‐Lueck J. A. , Avery Miriam Lueck 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe struggle for labor rights is often one of asserting embodied care. Workers negotiate for rest and safe physical conditions. In the United States, further embodied care is translated into health care and family leave benefits. In Silicon Valley, while labor still struggles in the service and manufacturing sectors, professional high‐tech work constitutes another set of challenges and expectations. Startup culture draws on the university‐student lifestyle—where institutionalized care includes a broad palette of wellness care, cafeterias, and structured recreation. So it is not surprising that yoga, massage, food, and managed fun made their way into high‐tech workplaces of the late twentieth century. Increasingly, however, that corporate care is a requirement, not a perquisite, of progressive companies recruiting elite workers. Effective care requires personal awareness and corporate surveillance in order to be effective. Corporate responsibility in Silicon Valley workplaces embraces discourses in which worker productivity and care intertwine. This care is not evenly distributed or available to all workers, but still points to an emerging set of corporate care practices. Knowledge workers are expected to work more intensively, and employers sustain them by providing care. That logic of care shaped the social experience of both care providers, such as chefs and concierges, and workers, who learn to be the subjects of such care. Based on two decades of fieldwork in companies from Apple to Yahoo, this article outlines the uneven evolution of Silicon Valley's corporate care.
Twenty‐year progression of body mass index in a county‐wide cohort of people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder identified at their first episode of psychosis
Authors: Strassnig Martin , Kotov Roman , Cornaccio Danielle , Fochtmann Laura , Harvey Philip D , Bromet Evelyn J 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThere is an increased prevalence of obesity in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, leading to a disproportionate risk of adverse health conditions. Prospective, long‐term weight gain data, however, are scarce.MethodsWe analyzed data from the Suffolk County Mental Health Project cohort of consecutive first admissions with psychosis recruited from September 1989 to December 1995 and subsequently followed for 20 years, focusing on people with schizophrenia (n=146) and bipolar disorder (n=87). The time course of weight gain was examined using a 2 (group)×5 (time) mixed‐model repeated measures ANOVA, and body mass index (BMI) scores at the first (6 months) and second (2 years) assessments were compared to examine whether early overweight predicted later obesity.ResultsThere was a statistically significant effect of time (F(1,210)=68.06, P<.001) and diagnosis (F(1,210)=29.18, P<.001) on BMI, but not the interaction of time×diagnosis (F(1,210)=0.88, P=.48). Most participants had normal BMIs at the first two assessments. Early overweight was a predictor of eventual obesity for both groups. At the 20‐year follow‐ups, approximately 50% of the bipolar and 62% of the schizophrenia sample were obese, with a greater prevalence of obesity in schizophrenia at each assessment (all P<.02), except for years 4 (P=.12) and 20 (P=.27).ConclusionsNearly two‐thirds of the participants with schizophrenia and over half of those with bipolar disorder were obese 20 years after first hospitalization for psychosis, considerably higher than the rate for adults in New York State (27%). Early intervention may be required to prevent long‐term consequences of obesity‐related morbidity and mortality.
Diagnosis and monitoring for light chain only and oligosecretory myeloma using serum free light chain tests
Authors: Heaney Jennifer L. J. , Campbell John P. , Griffin Anne E. , Birtwistle Jane , Shemar Meena , Child J Anthony , Gregory Walter M. , Cairns David A. , Morgan Gareth , Jackson Graham , Drayson Mark T. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThis study aims to guide the integration of serum free light chain (sFLC) tests into clinical practice, including a new rapid test (Seralite®). Blood and urine analysis from 5573 newly diagnosed myeloma patients identified 576 light chain only (LCO) and 60 non‐secretory (NS) cases. Serum was tested by Freelite® and Seralite® at diagnosis, maximum response and relapse. 20% of LCO patients had urine FLC levels below that recommended for measuring response but >97% of these had adequate sFLC levels (oligosecretory). The recommended Freelite® sFLC ≥100 mg/l for measuring response was confirmed and the equivalent Seralite® FLC difference (dFLC) >20 mg/l identified. By both methods, ≥38% of NS patients had measurable disease (oligosecretory). Higher sFLC levels were observed on Freelite® at all time points. However, good clinical concordance was observed at diagnosis and in response to therapy. Achieving at least a very good partial response according to either sFLC method was associated with better patient survival. Relapse was identified using a Freelite® sFLC increase >200 mg/l and found 100% concordance with a corresponding Seralite® dFLC increase >30 mg/l. Both Freelite® and Seralite® sensitively diagnose and monitor LCO/oligosecretory myeloma. Rapid testing by Seralite® could fast‐track FLC screening and monitoring. Response by sFLC assessment was prognostic for survival and demonstrates the clinical value of routine sFLC testing.
Establishing a chemical genetic link between Bruton tyrosine kinase activity in malignant B cells and cell functions involved in the micro‐environmental dialogue
Authors: Göckeritz Elisa , Vondey Verena , Guastafierro Anna , Pizevska Maja , Hassenrück Floyd , Neumann Lars , Hallek Michael , Krause Günter 
Published: June 2017

SummaryTo elucidate their mechanism of action, inhibitors of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) and resistant BTK mutants were employed to dissect target‐dependent cellular functions. BTK‐C481S and ‐T474I, expressed in Ramos and NALM‐6 cells, maintained BTK auto‐phosphorylation under treatment with ibrutinib or dasatinib, respectively, which showed only modest cytotoxicity. Retained activity of BTK‐T474 partially rescued cell migration from inhibition by dasatinib. Importantly, resistant BTK mutants reconstituted B cell receptor‐triggered chemokine secretion in the presence of corresponding inhibitors, demonstrating that BTK activity is connected with cell‐intrinsic functions of malignant B cells with importance for their dialogue with the micro‐environment.
BSACI guideline for the diagnosis and management of peanut and tree nut allergy
Authors: Stiefel G. , Anagnostou K. , Boyle R. J. , Brathwaite N. , Ewan P. , Fox A. T. , Huber P. , Luyt D. , Till S. J. , Venter C. , Clark A. T. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPeanut nut and tree nut allergy are characterised by IgE mediated reactions to nut proteins. Nut allergy is a global disease. Limited epidemiological data suggest varying prevalence in different geographical areas. Primary nut allergy affects over 2% of children and 0.5% of adults in the UK. Infants with severe eczema and/or egg allergy have a higher risk of peanut allergy. Primary nut allergy presents most commonly in the first five years of life, often after the first known ingestion with typical rapid onset IgE‐mediated symptoms. The clinical diagnosis of primary nut allergy can be made by the combination of a typical clinical presentation and evidence of nut specifc IgE shown by a positive skin prick test (SPT) or specific IgE (sIgE) test. Pollen food syndrome is a distinct disorder, usually mild, with oral/pharyngeal symptoms, in the context of hay fever or pollen sensitisation, which can be triggered by nuts. It can usually be distinguish clinically from primary nut allergy. The magnitude of a SPT or sIgE relates to the probability of clinical allergy, but does not relate to clinical severity. SPT of ≥ 8 mm or sIgE ≥ 15 KU/L to peanut is highly predictive of clinical allergy. Cut off values are not available for tree nuts. Test results must be interpreted in the context of the clinical history. Diagnostic food challenges are usually not necessary but may be used to confirm or refute a conflicting history and test result. As nut allergy is likely to be a long‐lived disease, nut avoidance advice is the cornerstone of management. Patients should be provided with a comprehensive management plan including avoidance advice, patient specific emergency medication and an emergency treatment plan and training in administration of emergency medication. Regular re‐training is required.