bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profound primary prevention of liver cancer following a natural experiment in China: A 50‐year perspective and public health implications
Authors: Chen Jian‐Guo , Kensler Thomas W. , Zhu Jian , Zhu Yuan‐Rong , Wang Jin‐Bing , Lu Jian‐Hua , Muñoz Alvaro , Groopman John D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLiver cancer causes upwards of 1 million cancer deaths annually and is projected to rise by at least 55% over the next 15 years. Two of the major risk factors contributing to liver cancer have been well documented by multiple epidemiologic studies and the hepatitis B virus (HBV) and aflatoxin show a synergy that increases by more than 8‐fold the risk of liver cancer relative to HBV alone. Using the population‐based cancer registry established by the Qidong Liver Cancer Institute in 1972 and aflatoxin‐specific biomarkers, we document that reduction of aflatoxin exposure has likely contributed to a nearly 70% decline in age‐standardized liver cancer incidence over the past 30 years despite an unchanging prevalence of HBV infection in cases. A natural experiment of economic reform in the 1980s drove a rapid switch from consumption of heavily contaminated corn to minimally, if any, contaminated rice and subsequent dietary diversity. Aflatoxin consumption appears to accelerate the time to liver cancer diagnosis; lowering exposure to this carcinogen adds years of life before a cancer diagnosis. Thus, in 1990 the median age of diagnosis was 48 years, while increasing to 67 years by 2021. These findings have important translational public health implications since up to 5 billion people worldwide might be routinely exposed to dietary aflatoxin, especially in societies using corn as the staple food. Interventions against aflatoxin are an achievable outcome leading to a reduction in liver cancer incidence and years of delay of its nearly always fatal diagnosis.
Regulatory factors of ILC2 are therapeutic targets for lung inflammation
Authors: Cui Lele , Wang Yajie 
Published: September 2024

AbstractType 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) are an important class of innate immune cells that play a key role in regulating immune responses, maintaining tissue homeostasis, and participating in immune responses induced by inflammatory diseases. In lung inflammation, ILC2s drive the inflammatory response by secreting type 2 cytokines, and have a significant role in tissue repair and the maintenance of barrier function by secreting IL‐9 and antimicrobial peptides. ILC2s activation and function are affected by various regulatory factors, including epithelial‐derived alarmins such as IL‐25, IL‐33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, neurotransmitters, metabolites and hormones. These regulatory factors affect the development and activation of ILC2s through signaling pathways under different pathological conditions. An in‐depth study of regulatory factors is expected to provide new targets and strategies for the treatment of lung inflammation.
Climate‐resilient irrigation: Essential changes to balance food production and water security on a livable planet
Authors: Talbi Amal , Karimi Poolad , Waalewijn Pieter , Onimus Francois , de Jong I Jsbrand , Zaveri Esha Dilip , Li Ruyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractClimate‐resilient irrigation is a necessity for sustainable development, aligning with broader goals of poverty alleviation, food security and environmental stewardship. By embracing adaptive strategies and fostering collaborative efforts, communities can navigate the challenges posed by a changing climate, safeguarding livelihoods and ecosystems. Climate‐resilient irrigation can improve coping measures and build resilience for communities through pathways which help improve agriculture. The relationship between agriculture, irrigation, water resources and climate change calls for an evolution of traditional irrigation practices towards climate‐resilient irrigation approaches, such as farmer‐led irrigation development; innovation and modernization to ensure the long‐term viability and functionality of irrigation systems and infrastructure; financing mechanisms to support the transition towards climate resilience; partnerships between governments, international organizations and the private sector to mobilize resources effectively; and efficient service delivery mechanisms, promoting equitable access and effective management of water resources. Emphasizing the need climate‐resilient irrigation to balance food production and water security, this essay advocates a paradigm shift towards sustainable water management, ensuring resilience in the face of climate uncertainties while safeguarding agricultural productivity and environmental integrity for a livable planet.
Application of the AquaCrop model and response surface method to determine the optimum irrigation water and seeding density for wheat growing under sprinkler irrigation system
Authors: Shabani Ali , Habibagahi Majid , Mahbod Mehdi , Partojou Farhad , Mahmoudi Mohammad Reza 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to determine the optimal seeding density and irrigation water for maximizing wheat yield, water productivity and income using the AquaCrop model and response surface method (RSM). The AquaCrop model was calibrated and validated using experimental data from two successive growing seasons. The AquaCrop simulations for grain yield, biomass, soil water content, evapotranspiration and canopy cover were satisfactory and acceptable. After calibration, the model simulated the grain yield for 47 years with five seeding densities and four irrigation schedules. By applying RSM to the AquaCrop model outputs over 47 years, it was found that irrigation water amounts of 747, 198 and 747 mm, along with seeding densities of 211, 188 and 208 kg ha−1, respectively, maximized the wheat yield, water productivity and profit per unit area. A seeding density of 162.4 kg ha−1 combined with a total of 350 mm of irrigation water and rainfall resulted in the highest water productivity. This study demonstrated the reliability of the AquaCrop model in predicting wheat grain yield under various irrigation and seeding density conditions, providing valuable insights for farmers and agricultural experts to optimize crop productivity and profitability.
Clinical analysis of 145 cases of pediatric pulmonary artery sling diagnosed by echocardiography
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Liu Qinghua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study explored echocardiography's role in diagnosing and managing pediatric pulmonary artery sling (PAS). Data from 145 patients (January 2017 to December 2023) were analyzed, including echocardiography, CT angiography, bronchoscopy, and surgical records. Results indicated echocardiography accurately diagnosed PAS in 98.62% cases, with 1.38% misdiagnosed. Tracheal compression was common (95.86%), along with intracardiac anomalies (73.79%). Combined vascular ring types were found, notably PAS with left aortic arch and aberrant right subclavian artery (LAA‐ARSA) and PAS with double aortic arch (DAA). Echocardiography's effectiveness underscores its crucial role in clinical management and surgical planning for these complex conditions.
Low placenta at the mid trimester anomaly scan—A cause for concern?
Authors: Yadav Sarika , Shah Aditi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was aimed to assess the predictive validity of internal os distance (IOD) in mid‐trimester scan for the prediction of third‐trimester low‐positioned placenta, and to define a cut‐off of IOD at which third‐trimester low‐positioned placenta could be identified, see the association of placental site (anterior/posterior), previous history of cesarean section with abnormal location of placenta in third trimester and see the maternal and neonatal outcomes.MethodsIt was a prospective cohort study of women with low‐positioned placenta (IOD < 20 mm) at mid‐trimester anomaly scan followed up in third trimester till birth. Relative risks for a low‐positioned placenta in the third‐trimester were calculated for women with posterior versus anterior, low‐lying placenta versus placenta previa and positive versus negative history of cesarean section. Multilevel likelihood ratios and corresponding ROC curves for different ranges of IOD were calculated.ResultsWomen with posterior placenta had a high risk of low positioned placenta compared to anterior placenta (9.28% vs. 0.74%); RR 1.45, similarly women with placenta previa had high risk compared to low lying placenta (68.57% vs. 1.69%); RR 6.51, so did the women with previous cesarean section (9.41% vs. 5.87%); RR 1.47.Conclusions93.42% placenta which were low positioned in mid trimester were normally situated in third trimester. The cut‐off for IOD in anterior placenta was −40 mm and in posterior placenta was 14.3 mm. IOD measurement and interpretation seems promising.
Analyzing infections caused by 11 respiratory pathogens in children: Pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 pandemic trends in China
Authors: Li Huamei , yang Ying , Tao Ran , Shang Shiqiang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWith the lifting of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) restrictions in December 2022 in China, the population was widely infected with COVID‐19. We aim to analyzed changes in the epidemiological characteristics of other respiratory pathogens in children before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 44 704 children with acute respiratory infections who underwent 11 respiratory pathogen tests based on multiplex polymerase chain reaction between February and December in both 2022 and 2023. The total pathogen detection rate (24861, 74.80% vs. 6423, 56.01%; p = 0.000) and detection rates of coinfection (4059, 12.21% vs. 676, 5.89%; p = 0.000) in 2023 was significantly higher than that in 2022. The detection rates of influenza A (2567, 7.72% vs. 222, 1.94%; p = 0.000), influenza B (383, 1.15% vs. 37, 0.32%; p = 0.000), human parainfluenza virus (2175, 6.54% vs. 602, 5.25%; p = 0.000), human metapneumovirus (1354, 4.07% vs. 346, 3.01%; p = 0.000), respiratory syncytial virus (3148, 9.47% vs. 870, 7.59%; p = 0.000), and Mycoplasma pneumonia (MP; 9494, 28.56% vs. 1790, 15.61%; p = 0.000) in 2023 were significantly higher than those in 2022, whereas the detection rates of human adenovirus (1124, 3.38% vs. 489, 4.26%; p = 0.000) and human bocavirus (629, 1.89% vs. 375, 3.27%; p = 0.000) were significantly lower than those in 2022. Chlamydia, human rhinovirus, and human coronavirus showed similar detection rates between 2023 and 2022. In 2023, the influenza virus and human parainfluenza virus regained seasonal characteristic, an outbreak of MP infection occurred, the epidemic season of respiratory syncytial virus changed, and the proportion of children with acute respiratory infection aged 0–28 days and over 3 years old increased. Influenza B, metapneumovirus, and human bocavirus were detected in children aged 0–28 days in 2023, but not in 2022. After the COVID‐19 pandemic, we should be alert to the increase of respiratory diseases and the change of epidemic season and susceptible age.
Characterization of the Synergistic Effect of Fungal Isolates in Suppressing Ganoderma boninense and Enhancing Oil Palm Growth
Authors: Anuar Muhammad Salahudin Kheirel , Hashim Amalia Mohd , Sundram Shamala , Rahman Siti Rahmah Abdul , Ho Chai Ling , Wong Mui‐Yun , Saidi Noor Baity , Wasoh Helmi , Yusof Mohd Termizi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe globally vital oil palm, a major oil producer, confronts productivity challenges due to Ganoderma boninense (Gb), causing output decline. Chemical control efforts have proven ineffective, prompting exploration of microbial‐based biocontrol. While single fungal biocontrol research exists, the impact of employing multiple biocontrols concurrently to combat Ganoderma and enhance oil palm growth remains uncharted. This study examined four soil‐derived fungal isolates for their ability to antagonize Gb PER71 in vitro. Molecular identification categorized them as Talaromyces spp. and Penicillium sp. Moreover, all isolates were revealed to have at least three plant growth‐promoting (PGP) traits and were shown to have phosphoric hydrolase, ester hydrolase, peptide hydrolase, and glycosidase activities which are essential for plant growth. Furthermore, the synergistic evaluation of fungal isolates was tested against Gb PER71. One out of six combinations of fungal isolates showed a synergistic effect in vitro, and two showed a synergistic effect in planta. The application of single and combined fungal isolates tested in planta also suppressed Gb PER71 and enhanced oil palm growth compared to control groups. The findings indicate the promising potential of these isolates as biocontrol agents (BCAs) and bioformulations against Gb in oil palm cultivation.
Riding the waves of uncertainty: Towards strategic agility in medicine supply systems
Authors: Dube Nonhlanhla , Selviaridis Kostas , van Oorschot Kim E. , Jahre Marianne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate how organizations embedded in a supply system collectively respond to risks and seize opportunities arising from crisis events under shifting forms of uncertainty. Using the United Kingdom (UK) medicine supply system as the research context, we explore how decision‐makers navigated the effects of an event with knowable implications (UK's European Union exit, 2016–2020) followed by an event with unknowable implications (COVID‐19 global pandemic, 2020–2021). We adopt a longitudinal case research design that incorporates causal loop diagramming, to understand the system's responses. We find that learning evolves as crisis events unfold, changing from surface (know‐what) to deep (know‐why and ‐how) and at the highest level, it is transcendent. Transcendent learning entails understanding system effects into the future (i.e., beyond the past and present) and in relation to other supply systems (i.e., beyond the UK system). Capabilities to absorb, avoid, and accelerate away from shocks are developed sequentially as learning changes. We contribute to prior research by developing a theory of system‐level strategic agility and the adaptation processes that underpin it. The latter hinge on dynamic resource (re)allocation and the continuous (re)configuration of processes, protocols, regulations, and structures.
How Tourism Development Leads to Residents' Subjective Happiness Through Their Quality of Life: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective
Authors: Gautam Vikas , Bhalla Saubhagya 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe present research confirmed a comprehensive model for examining the connections between tourist development, subjective happiness, residents' quality of life, and support for sustainable tourism development. Study hypotheses were tested using a covariance‐based structural equation modeling analytical technique with 451 data points. The structural model found socio‐economic impact as the most vital antecedent of quality of life, followed by social impact, cultural impact, and environmental impact. In addition, social impact emerged as the most important predictor of subjective happiness, followed by cultural impact and quality of life. Moreover, the full mediating effect of residents' quality of life was confirmed in two paths, namely, socio‐economic impact to subjective happiness and environmental impact to subjective happiness. Finally, a study model confirmed a positive and significant effect of residents' quality of life on their support for sustainable tourism development. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed at large.
Hearing Loss in Children with 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome
Authors: Arganbright Jill , Crowley Terrence Blaine , Tracy Meghan , Noel‐MacDonnell Janelle , Gaiser Kim , Yaktine Lori , Moore Amanda , Hamm Jamie , Morrow Bernice , Song Hansoo , Giunta Victoria , McGinn Daniel E. , Zackai Elaine H. , Emanuel Beverly , Elden Lisa , Narayanan Srivats , Raje Nikita , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesHearing loss is considered common in children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), with a few prior studies reporting a 32%–78% prevalence; mild–moderate conductive hearing loss has been reported most commonly. Overall, however, there remains a paucity of data regarding the frequency, type, age, and progression of hearing loss in children with 22q11.2DS.MethodsRetrospective chart review was completed, and data combined for two large 22q centers. Inclusion criteria were children with 22q11.2DS and a documented audiogram. Data extracted included a laboratory‐confirmed chromosome 22q11.2 deletion; co‐morbidities; results of all audiograms and radiologic temporal bone imaging; and otologic surgical procedures.ResultsOne thousand seven hundred sixty‐nine charts were reviewed; 775 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 563 (73%) children had at least one abnormal audiogram demonstrating hearing loss. A total of 2,536 audiograms were reviewed; 74% of these showed abnormal hearing in at least one ear. Most of the hearing loss was conductive (right ear 76%; left ear 69%) and mild severity. For the children with SNHL, 90% of all follow‐up audiograms were stable without progression. Hearing loss was identified across all pediatric age ranges. Ear tube placement occurred in 39% of children.ConclusionThis study confirms the high incidence of hearing loss for children with 22q11.2DS at some point in their childhood. In our cohort, hearing loss occurred in 73% of children and was most often conductive and mild in severity. The results highlight the importance of otolaryngology and audiology involvement in managing children with 22q11.2DS for timely diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss.Level of Evidence4 Laryngoscope, 135:929–934, 2025
Comparative Assessment of Otolaryngology Knowledge Among Large Language Models
Authors: Merlino Dante J. , Brufau Santiago R. , Saieed George , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Price Daniel L. , Archibald David J. , Ator Gregory A. , Carlson Matthew L. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of advanced large language models from OpenAI (GPT‐3.5 and GPT‐4), Google (PaLM2 and MedPaLM), and an open source model from Meta (Llama3:70b) in answering clinical test multiple choice questions in the field of otolaryngology—head and neck surgery.MethodsA dataset of 4566 otolaryngology questions was used; each model was provided a standardized prompt followed by a question. One hundred questions that were answered incorrectly by all models were further interrogated to gain insight into the causes of incorrect answers.ResultsGPT4 was the most accurate, correctly answering 3520 of 4566 questions (77.1%). MedPaLM correctly answered 3223 of 4566 (70.6%) questions, while llama3:70b, GPT3.5, and PaLM2 were correct on 3052 of 4566 (66.8%), 2672 of 4566 (58.5%), and 2583 of 4566 (56.5%) questions. Three hundred and sixty‐nine questions were answered incorrectly by all models. Prompts to provide reasoning improved accuracy in all models: GPT4 changed from incorrect to correct answer 31% of the time, while GPT3.5, Llama3, PaLM2, and MedPaLM corrected their responses 25%, 18%, 19%, and 17% of the time, respectively.ConclusionLarge language models vary in their understanding of otolaryngology‐specific clinical knowledge. OpenAI's GPT4 has a strong understanding of core concepts as well as detailed information in the field of otolaryngology. Its baseline understanding in this field makes it well‐suited to serve in roles related to head and neck surgery education provided that the appropriate precautions are taken and potential limitations are understood.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 135:629–634, 2025
Defining the Treatment Window: Early Versus Late Pulsed Dye Laser Therapy for Posttraumatic and Surgical Scars in Asian Patients
Authors: Chang Han‐Yuan , Wu Bing‐Qi , Chang Chang‐Cheng , Chen Yu‐Tsung , Wang Yen‐Jen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivesThis retrospective study evaluates the effectiveness of pulsed dye laser (PDL) treatment in early versus late treatment groups for traumatic or postoperative scars. The study aims to determine the threshold between early and late treatment. Additionally, it investigates factors that may influence wound healing outcomes.MethodsThe medical records of 147 patients who underwent PDL treatment at our institution between January 2018 and December 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were patients receiving PDL treatment for traumatic or postoperative scars. Out of these patients, we selected those who were willing to receive telephone interviews or re‐visit at a scheduled time. Eventually, 52 participants were included in our study. A standardized questionnaire was administered to all participants during telephone interviews, encompassing inquiries regarding their medical history, treatment experiences, and the patient component of the Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale. Among the enrolled patients, 38 were contacted and interviewed via telephone, while the remaining 14 patients attended follow‐up visits where photographs of their current skin condition were captured. The pretreatment and latest follow‐up photographs obtained from the clinical database were independently scored in a blinded manner by two dermatologist reviewers using both the Vancouver Scar Scale and the Manchester Scar Scale.ResultsAmong the 52 patients, 43 (82.7%) were successfully treated with good response. The correlation coefficients between week‐to‐treatment initiation and posttreatment MSS and VSS among patients with good response were 0.50 (p < 0.001) and 0.46 (p = 0.002), respectively. Given these findings, we established a treatment initiation threshold of 10 weeks, distinguishing patients into early and late treatment groups. The early treatment group showed borderline significantly lower posttreatment MSS and VSS scores than the late treatment group (MSS: 7.5 ± 2.1 vs. 9.3 ± 2.5, p = 0.011; VSS: 2.8 ± 2.0 vs. 4.5 ± 2.3, p = 0.011). Furthermore, both MSS and VSS of posttreatment showed significantly greater improvement in the early treatment group (4.4 ± 1.6 vs. 3.2 ± 1.9; p = 0.03 and 3.8 ± 1.8 vs. 2.8 ± 1.4; p = 0.04).ConclusionsEarly intervention using a PDL within 10 weeks post‐injury achieved better outcomes in treating traumatic and postoperative scars based on both clinical and patient opinions.
The 2910‐nm Fiber Laser Is Safe and Effective for Improving Acne Scarring
Authors: Bernstein Eric , Alajmi Ali , Wang Jennifer , Hochman Edward , Biesman Brian , Sanzo James F. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundAcne scarring results from the inflammation associated with acne papules, which alters dermal collagen, typically producing depressed scars. Lasers have been used to remodel skin improving the texture and appearance of acne scars. Herein, we investigate a new 2910 nm, erbium‐doped, fluoride glass, fiber laser for improving acne scars. This novel laser delivers up to 5000 Hz low‐energy pulses, providing a unique treatment modality.MethodsFourteen subjects with rolling and/or boxcar acne scars were enrolled in this study. Thirteen subjects completed the final visit and received three treatments with the 2910 nm fiber laser at 6–8‐week intervals. Eight subjects were Fitzpatrick type II and five were Fitzpatrick type III. Digital images were taken pre‐ and 1‐ and 3‐months posttreatment and evaluated by two blinded reviewers in a randomized fashion for improvement. Subjects and the treating physician completed a Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) before treatment and at each visit to subjectively evaluate treatment effect. Histological analysis was performed on ex vivo lower eyelid skin samples. Side effects were evaluated by the treating physician and included erythema, edema, and pinpoint bleeding.ResultsEvaluation of blinded digital images revealed a mean improvement of 47.3% ± 14.2% (mean ± SEM) 3 months following the final treatment. GAIS scores demonstrated improvement as evaluated by both the subjects and the treating physician. Side effects averaged trace‐to‐mild erythema, edema, and pinpoint bleeding.ConclusionThis study shows that the 2910 nm, erbium‐doped, fluoride glass, fiber laser is safe and effective for improving the appearance of acne scars.