bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐VELBANAMINE AND (+)‐ISOVELBANAMINE USING L‐GLUTAMIC ACID AS CHIRAL TEMPLATE
Authors: TAKANO S. , YONAGA M. , CHIBA K. , OGASAWARA K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Alkaloide (VIII) werden aus dem γ‐Lacton‐carbinol (Ia) über die im Formelschema angegebenen Zwischenstufen dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: “REDUCED” ANALOGS OF PUROMYCIN. SYNTHESIS OF 3′‐O‐(L‐2‐AMINO‐3‐PHENYLPROPYL)‐N6,N6‐DIMETHYLADENOSINE AND THE CORRESPONDING 2′ ISOMER
Authors: KATO T. , ZEMLICKA J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractN‐Phthaloyl‐aminopropanol (Ia) wird in die Sulfonate (Ib) und (Ic) und die Substitutionsprodukte (Id) und (Ie) übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF PYRROLNITRIN AND 3‐(2‐AMINO‐3‐CHLOROPHENYL)PYRROLE FROM 7‐CHLOROTRYPTOPHAN
Authors: VAN PEE K.‐H. , SALCHER O. , LINGENS F. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung von Tryptophan (Ia) bzw. seinem 7‐Chlor‐Derivat (Ib) mit dem Bacterium Pseudomonas aureofaciens im Fermenter liefert in Gegenwart von Na36Cl das Pyrrolnitrin (II).
ChemInform Abstract: BIOORGANIC SYNTHESIS AND ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION OF FARANAL
Authors: KOBAYASHI M. , KOYAMA T. , OGURA K. , SETO S. , RITTER F. J. , BRUEGGEMANN‐ROTGANS I. E. M. + 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEnzymatische Kondensation des Homogeranylpyrophosphats (I) mit dem Methylpentenylpyrophosphat (IIa) bzw. seinem Z‐Isomeren (IIb) und nachfolgende Hydrolyse mit alkalischer Phosphatase geben die Alkohole (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb); die daraus erhältlichen Aldehyde (IVa) bzw. (IVb) liefern durch selektive Reduktion der 2,3‐Doppelbindung die isomeren 1′7Ä Faranale (Va) + (VIa) bzw. (Vb) + (VIb) (jeweils trennbar).
Structural Analysis Using Chiroptical Spectroscopy: Insights and Cautions
Authors: Polavarapu Prasad L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChiroptical spectroscopy has evolved into a promising tool for chiral molecular structural determination in the last four decades. Determination of the absolute configurations (ACs) of bromochlorofluoromethane and [2H1,2H2,2H3]‐neopentane demonstrated the enviable advantages of chiroptical spectroscopy. Furthermore, uncovering the errors in the ACs reported in the literature established a glimpse of what can be accomplished with the modern chiroptical spectroscopic methods. Despite these triumphs, it is important to exercise caution in the practice of chiroptical spectroscopic methods, because certain widely practiced approaches can lead to erroneous conclusions. Selected major accomplishments and special precautions needed for future applications are emphasized. Chirality 28:445–452, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Produktion und Charakterisierung von mikrostrukturierten Calcitpartikeln aus der Kalkalge Emiliania huxleyi
Authors: Hariskos Ioanna , Chairopoulou Makrina , Vučak Marijan , Posten Clemens , Teipel Ulrich 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBiogene Calcitpartikeln (Coccolithen) aus Mikroalgen verfügen über hochkomplexe, dreidimensionale Strukturen, die so bei technischen Partikeln noch nicht bekannt sind. Es ist daher lohnenswert, Coccolithen in Bezug auf eine potenzielle industrielle Anwendung zu untersuchen. Diese Arbeit stellt einen effizienten phototrophen Bioprozess zur Gewinnung von Coccolithen vor und gibt einen Einblick in das Anwendungspotenzial dieser außergewöhnlichen Partikeln.
Modellbasierte Berechnung des Benetzungsgrades in einer zylindrischen Wirbelschicht mit Flüssigkeitseindüsung
Authors: Idakiev Vesselin V. , Bück Andreas , Tsotsas Evangelos , Mörl Lothar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFür die Trocknung an inerten Partikeloberflächen in einer Wirbelschicht können Feststoff enthaltende Flüssigkeiten so eingedüst werden, dass sich die Flüssigkeit möglichst gleichmäßig auf alle Feststoffoberflächen verteilt. Eine mathematische Beschreibung des Grades der Partikelbenetzung in einer zylindrischen Wirbelschicht mit Eindüsung wird vorgestellt. Zur Charakterisierung des Vorganges wird ein vereinfachtes Trocknungsmodell unter Definition eines Benetzungsgrades mit einem inaktiven Bypass durch die Wirbelschicht diskutiert. Die Validierung erfolgte durch Versuche mit Wassereindüsung und Variation der Eindüsungsrate.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of 5‐(Hydroxymethyl)furfural to 5‐Formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic Acid in Water
Authors: Ventura Maria , Aresta Michele , Dibenedetto Angela 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA simple, cheap, and selective catalyst based on copper/cerium oxides is described for the oxidation of 5‐(hydroxymethyl)furfural (5‐HMF) in water. An almost quantitative conversion (99 %) with excellent (90 %) selectivity towards the formation of 5‐formyl‐2‐furancarboxylic acid, a platform molecule for other high value chemicals, is observed. The catalyst does not require any pretreatment or additives, such as bases, to obtain high yield and selectivity in water as solvent and using oxygen as oxidant. When a physical mixture of the oxides is used, low conversion and selectivity are observed. Air can be used instead of oxygen, but a lower conversion rate is observed if the same overall pressure is used, and the selectivity remains high. The catalyst can be recovered almost quantitatively and reused. Deactivation of the catalyst, observed in repeated runs, is due to the deposition of humins on its surface. Upon calcination the catalyst almost completely recovers its activity and selectivity, proving that the catalyst is robust.
The Effect of Functional Groups in Bio‐Derived Fuel Candidates
Authors: Jenkins Rhodri W. , Moore Cameron M. , Semelsberger Troy A. , Chuck Christopher J. , Gordon John C. , Sutton Andrew D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInterest in developing renewable fuels is continuing to grow and biomass represents a viable source of renewable carbon with which to replace fossil‐based components in transportation fuels. During our own work, we noticed that chemists think in terms of functional groups whereas fuel engineers think in terms of physical fuel properties. In this Concept article, we discuss the effect of carbon and oxygen functional groups on potential fuel properties. This serves as a way of informing our own thinking and provides us with a basis with which to design and synthesize molecules from biomass that could provide useful transportation fuels.
Efficacy and safety of dulaglutide in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: a comprehensive review of the dulaglutide clinical data focusing on the AWARD phase 3 clinical trial program
Authors: Jendle Johan , Grunberger George , Blevins Thomas , Giorgino Francesco , Hietpas Ryan T. , Botros Fady T. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryDulaglutide (DU) is a once weekly glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Glycaemic efficacy and safety characteristics of dulaglutide have been assessed in six Phase 3 studies in the AWARD program. The objective of this review article is to summarize these results from the six completed AWARD studies. At the primary endpoint, in five of the six studies, once weekly dulaglutide 1.5 mg was superior to the active comparator [exenatide, insulin glargine (two studies), metformin, and sitagliptin], with a greater proportion of patients reaching glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) targets of <7.0% (53.0 mmol/mol) and ≤6.5% (47.5 mmol/mol). Dulaglutide 1.5 mg was non‐inferior to liraglutide in AWARD‐6. Once weekly dulaglutide 0.75 mg was evaluated in five of these trials and demonstrated superiority to the active comparator in four of five AWARD studies (exenatide, glargine, metformin, and sitagliptin), and non‐inferiority to glargine in the AWARD‐2 study. Similar to other GLP‐1 receptor agonists, treatment with dulaglutide was associated with weight loss or attenuation of weight gain and low rates of hypoglycaemia when used alone or with non‐insulin‐secretagogue therapy. The most frequently reported adverse events were gastrointestinal, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. The incidence of dulaglutide antidrug antibody formation was 1–2.8% with rare injection site reactions. In conclusion, dulaglutide is an effective treatment for T2DM and has an acceptable tolerability and safety profile. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mitraclip therapy in patients with functional mitral regurgitation and missing leaflet coaptation: is it still an exclusion criterion?
Authors: Adamo Marianna , Chiari Ermanna , Curello Salvatore , Maiandi Cristian , Chizzola Giuliano , Fiorina Claudia , Frontini Mario , Cuminetti Giovanni , Pezzotti Elena , Rovetta Riccardo , Lombardi Carlo Mario , Manzato Aldo , Metra Marco , Ettori Federica 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of Mitraclip therapy in patients with functional mitral regurgitation (MR) and missing leaflet coaptation (MLC).Methods and resultsOut of 62 consecutive patients with functional MR undergoing Mitraclip implantation, 22 had MLC defined as the presence of a ‘gap’ between two mitral leaflets or insufficient coaptation length (<2 mm), according to the EVEREST II criterion. Compared with the control group, the MLC population had a significantly higher effective regurgitant orifice area (0.67 ± 0.31 vs. 0.41 ± 0.13 cm2; P = 0.019) and sphericity index (0.80 ± 0.11 vs. 0.71 ± 0.10; P = 0.003). MLC patients were treated with pharmacological/mechanical support in order to improve leaflet coaptation and to prepare the mitral valve apparatus for grasping. Implantation of >1 clip and device time were comparable in patients with and without MLC (61.9% vs. 47.5%; P = 0.284 and 101 ± 39 vs. 108 ± 69 min; P = 0.646, respectively). No significant differences were observed between the two cohorts in technical success (95.5% vs. 97.5%, P = 0.667), 30‐day device success (85.7% vs. 78.9%; P = 0.525), procedural success (81.8% vs. 75%; P = 0.842), and 1‐year patient success (52.9% vs. 44.1%; P = 0.261), defined according to the MVARC (Mitral Valve Academic Research Consortium) criteria. The long‐term composite endpoint of cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization was similar in the two groups (49.9% vs. 44.4%; P = 0.348). A significant improvement of MR and NYHA functional class and a lack of reverse remodelling were observed up to 2 years in both arms.ConclusionThe Mitraclip procedure could be extended to patients with functional MR who do not fulfil the coaptation length EVEREST II criterion and who would otherwise be excluded from this treatment.
A cytogenetic study of R. constantinopolitanus and R. sericeus (Ranunculaceae) in Iran
Authors: Rastipisheh Sareh , Nemati Somayeh , Pakravan Maneezheh , Tavassoli Akhtar , Bolourian Saman 
Published: April 2016

With 600 species Ranunculus is the largest genus in Ranunculaceae, and has a broad global distribution. We studied the karyotypes of R. constantinopolitanus and R. sericeus species of Ranunculaceae and identified their symmetry level. New chromosome numbers of 2n = 21 (Nodeh woods population) and 2n ca. 63 (Javaherdeh population) are reported for R. constantinopolitanus. Two different populations of R. sericeus had two different chromosome results. We investigated morphological and karyological studies along with pollens micromorphology. Different populations of R. constantinopolitanus and R. sericeus, with different chromosome numbers showed morphological and micromorphological differences. Therefore, we considered the two populations of R. sericeus as cytotypes. There was a correlation between the studied morphological characters and pollen size with ploidy levels in the two R. constantinopolitanus populations.
History of moisture change derived from slope sediments of the eastern Gonghe Basin (northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau) during the last 17 ka
Authors: Liu Bing , Jin Heling , Sun Liangying , Su Zhizhu , Zhang Caixia , Zhao Shuang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe palaeosol–loess–aeolian sand sequence in the eastern Gonghe Basin, which is located at the convergence of the Asian summer monsoon, winter monsoon and the westerlies, reveals detailed moisture changes in the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau (NETP) during the last 17 ka. Analysis of magnetic susceptibility (MS), total organic carbon, carbonate content, grain size and geochemical parameters indicate that the region was dominated by an extremely dry climate during ~17.0–15.82 ka, accompanying large‐scale desert expansion in the last glacial maximum (LGM). Subsequently, the climate became generally dry during 15.82–14.6 ka, an interval in which loess rapidly accumulated. Enhanced humidity occurred at 14.6 ka, probably associated with increased strength of the East Asian summer monsoon. The region experienced slightly decreased moisture at around 6.5 and 5.8 ka. After 2.7 ka, the climate became wetter. This interpretation correlates with climatic records from lacustrine and aeolian deposits in the NETP during the LGM, the last deglaciation and the early–middle Holocene. High climatic moisture in the Late Holocene facilitated the formation of a well‐developed palaeosol in the NETP. The effective moisture change in the Gonghe Basin is not simply ascribed to the influences of Asian summer monsoons; instead, it was possibly influenced by the interaction of evaporation and monsoonal precipitation forced by solar insolation variation. The balance between these variables was very influential on the effective moisture change in the closed inland basin of the NETP. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of the inflammatory potential of implant materials in a mouse model by bioluminescent imaging of intravenously injected bone marrow cells
Authors: Rais Bushra , Köster Mario , Rahim Muhammad Imran , Pils Marina , Seitz Jan‐Marten , Hauser Hansjörg , Wirth Dagmar , Mueller Peter P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractTo evaluate the inflammatory potential of implants a bioluminescent imaging assay was developed using luciferase‐expressing bone marrow cells that were injected into the blood circulation of wild‐type mice. After subcutaneous implantation of titanium discs as an example for a clinically established biocompatible material, the luminosity was modest. Similarly, low luminosity signals were generated by pure magnesium implants that were used to represent metallic alloys that are presently under investigation as novel degradable implant materials. Increased luminosity was observed in response to degradable polymeric PLGA implants. Surgical wounds induced a basic luminescent response even in the absence of an implant. However, the material‐independent response to injury could be minimized using injectable microparticle suspensions. In parallel with the resorption of biodegradable microparticles, the signal induced by PLGA declined faster when compared to non‐degradable polystyrene suspensions. By using an interferon type I inducible Mx2 promoter construct to drive luciferase gene expression, the highest luminosity was observed in response to bacteria, indicating that the system could also be employed to monitor implant infections. Overall, labeled bone marrow cells yielded specific, well‐defined localized signals that correlated with the inflammatory responses to implants. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2149–2158, 2016.
A Young Woman With Recurrent Gestational Hypercalcemia and Acute Pancreatitis Caused by CYP24A1 Deficiency
Authors: Woods Gina N , Saitman Alec , Gao Hanlin , Clarke Nigel J , Fitzgerald Robert L , Chi Nai-Wen 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

The CYP24A1 gene encodes a mitochondrial 24-hydroxylase that inactivates 1,25(OH)2D. Loss-of-function mutations in CYP24A1 cause hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis. We describe a woman with CYP24A1 deficiency and recurrent gestational hypercalcemia. Her first pregnancy, at age 20, resulted with the intrauterine demise of twin fetuses. Postpartum, she developed severe hypercalcemia (14 mg/dL), altered mental status, and acute pancreatitis. Her PTH was suppressed (6 pg/mL) and her 1,25(OH)2D was elevated (165 and 195 pg/mL on postpartum day 1 and 5, respectively). Between one and three months postpartum, her serum calcium decreased from 11.4 to 10.2 mg/dL while her 1,25(OH)2D level decreased from 83 to 24 pg/mL. Her 24-hour urine calcium was 277 mg. Six months postpartum, she became pregnant again. At 14 weeks, her albumin-corrected calcium level was 10.4 mg/dL and her 1,25(OH)2D level exceeded 200 pg/mL. To establish the diagnosis of CYP24A1 deficiency, we showed her 24,25(OH)2D level to be undetectable (&lt;2 ng/mL). Exon sequencing of the CYP24A1 gene revealed a homozygous, 8-nucleotide deletion in exon 8, causing an S334V substitution and premature termination due to a frame shift (c.999_1006del, p.Ser334Valfs*9). To prevent hypercalcemia, she was advised to discontinue prenatal vitamins, avoid sun exposure and calcium-rich foods, and start omeprazole and a calcium binder (250 mg K-Phos-neutral with meals). Despite these measures, both hypercalcemia (11.5 mg/dL) and acute pancreatitis recurred. Labor was induced and a healthy, normocalcemic boy was delivered. In the absence of lactation, maternal hypercalcemia resolved within 2 months. This report shows that CYP24A1-deficient subjects may be normocalcemic at baseline. Hypercalcemia may be unmasked by pregnancy through the routine use of calciferol-containing prenatal vitamins, increased 1-alpha hydroxylation of VitD by the placenta and maternal kidney, and production of PTHrP by the uteroplacental unit. CYP24A1 deficiency should be considered in patients with unexplained vitamin D-mediated hypercalcemia. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Androgen Control in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Pelekanou Vasiliki , Castanas Elias 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTResearch on prostate cancer has extensively advanced in the past decade, through an improved understanding for its genetic basis and risk‐stratification. Molecular classification of prostate cancer into distinct subtypes and the recognition of new histologic entities promise the development of tailored‐made management strategies of patients. Nowadays, various alternatives are available for clinical management of localized disease ranging from observation alone through radical prostatectomy. In patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer, the approval of new drugs for the management of metastatic disease has offered promising results improving the survival of these patients. In this context, androgen receptors (AR) remain at the epicenter of prostate cancer research holding a prominent role in the biology and therapeutic regimens of prostate cancer. As many of castration‐resistant tumors retain hormone‐responsiveness, AR is a clinical relevant, druggable target. However, AR paradoxically remains neglected as a prostate cancer biomarker. The great advancements in prostate cancer preclinical and clinical research, imply further improvement in clinical and translational data, for patient selection and treatment optimization. For a precision medicine‐guided clinical management of prostate cancer, AR evaluation has to be implemented in companion and complementary diagnostics, as discussed here. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2224–2234, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High molecular weight hyaluronic acid regulates MMP13 expression in chondrocytes via DUSP10/MKP5
Authors: Furuta Junya , Ariyoshi Wataru , Okinaga Toshinori , Takeuchi Jun , Mitsugi Sho , Tominaga Kazuhiro , Nishihara Tatsuji 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTTo determine the effect of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HA) on matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) expression induced by tumor necrosis factor α (TNF‐α) in chondrocytes. Human chondrocytic C28/I2 cells were incubated with TNF‐α and HA. In some experiments, the cells were pre‐incubated with a CD44 function‐blocking monoclonal antibody (CD44 mAb) prior to addition of TNF‐α and HA. The expression of MMP13 was determined by real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, while the phosphorylation of signaling molecules was measured by western blot analysis. The transcriptional activity of activator protein 1 (AP‐1) was analyzed by a reporter assay. To further clarify the molecular mechanisms of HA in MMP13 regulation, the expression level of dual‐specificity protein phosphatase 10 (DUSP10)/mitogen‐activated protein kinases phosphatase 5 (MKP5) in HA‐treated chondrocytes was assessed by real‐time RT‐PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence microscopy. HA decreased MMP13 mRNA and protein expression induced by TNF‐α. Blockage of HA‐CD44 binding by CD44 mAb suppressed HA‐mediated inhibition of MMP13. HA inhibited transient phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c‐jun NH2‐terminal kinase (JNK) induced by TNF‐α. Reporter assay findings also revealed that pre‐treatment with HA inhibited the transcriptional activity of AP‐1 mediated by TNF‐α. Moreover, HA induced the expression of DUSP10/MKP5, a negative regulator of p38 MAPK and JNK pathways. These results indicate that HA‐CD44 interactions downregulate TNF‐α‐induced MMP13 expression via regulation of DUSP10/MKP5, suggesting that HA plays an important role as a regulatory factor in cartilage degradation. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:331–339, 2017.
Histological characteristics of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
Authors: Kuperus Jonneke S. , Westerveld L. Anneloes , Rutges Joost P. H. J. , Alblas Jacqueline , van Rijen Mattie H. P. , Bleys Ronald L. A. W. , Öner F. Cumhur , Verlaan Jorrit‐Jan 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTDiffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is a predominantly radiographic diagnosis and histological knowledge of DISH is limited. The aim of this study was to describe the histological characteristics of DISH in the spinal column and to study the relation between DISH and intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Therefore, 10 human cadaveric spines with fluoroscopic evidence of DISH were compared with 10 controls. Plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained and tissue blocks were resected from three predefined levels of all specimens. The microscopic sections were scored by two blinded observers using a newly developed scoring system specific for characteristics of DISH and a validated scoring system for IVD degeneration. Maximum IVD height was measured on the CT scans. Analyses were performed using Fisher's exact test and Student's t‐test. When compared to controls, the right sided sections from DISH specimens showed partial or complete bone bridges, consisting of cortical woven bone, accompanied by morphological changes in the adjoining part of the IVD. Using the histological scoring system for DISH, all parameters were significantly different between the DISH and control group (p < 0.01). The contralateral location did not show differences between the groups. The overall degree of IVD degeneration and height of IVD was comparable for the two groups. The histopathological changes observed in spines with DISH corresponded to the fluoroscopic images and CT scans. The degree of IVD degeneration and IVD height was comparable for both groups, suggesting a limited role for IVD degeneration in the pathogenesis of DISH. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:140–146, 2017.
Reflective LCD with high reflectance and color reproducibility for reduced eye strain
Authors: Kubota Daisuke , Niikura Yasuhiro , Hatsumi Ryo , Hirakata Yoshiharu , Miyake Hiroyuki , Yamazaki Shunpei , Chubachi Yuka , Katayama Masahiro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe fabricated a prototype of a 434‐ppi 5.9‐in reflective liquid crystal display for use as an e‐book reader. With high‐level optical characteristics with a reflectance of 28.7% and an NTSC ratio of 37%, we achieved eye‐friendly reflective liquid crystal display.