bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanomedicines: current status and future perspectives in aspect of drug delivery and pharmacokinetics
Authors: Choi Young Hee , Han Hyo-Kyung 
Published: November 2017

AbstractNanomedicines have evolved into various forms including dendrimers, nanocrystals, emulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles since their first launch in the market. Widely highlighted benefits of nanomedicines over conventional medicines include superior efficacy, safety, physicochemical properties, and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profiles of pharmaceutical ingredients. Especially, various kinetic characteristics of nanomedicines in body are further influenced by their formulations. This review provides an updated understanding of nanomedicines with respect to delivery and pharmacokinetics. It describes the process and advantages of the nanomedicines approved by FDA and EMA. New FDA and EMA guidelines will also be discussed. Based on the analysis of recent guidelines and approved nanomedicines, key issues in the future development of nanomedicines will be addressed.
Modern gyrokinetic formulation of collisional and turbulent transport in toroidally rotating plasmas
Authors: Sugama H. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Collisional and turbulent transport processes in toroidal plasmas with large toroidal flows on the order of the ion thermal velocity are formulated based on the modern gyrokinetic theory. Governing equations for background and turbulent electromagnetic fields and gyrocenter distribution functions are derived from the Lagrangian variational principle with effects of collisions and external sources taken into account. Noether’s theorem modified for collisional systems and the collision operator given in terms of Poisson brackets are applied to derivation of the particle, energy, and toroidal momentum balance equations in the conservative forms which are desirable properties for long-time global transport simulation. The resultant balance equations are shown to include the classical, neoclassical, and turbulent transport fluxes which agree with those obtained from the conventional recursive formulations.
Does stress and university adjustment relate to health in Peru?
Authors: Chau Cecilia , Saravia Juan Carlos 
Published: November 2017

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between university adaptation, perceived stress and mental and physical health. We also evaluated if perceived stress mediated the relationship between university adaptation and health. A cross-sectional study was carried out among general studies undergraduate students of one private university in Lima, Peru. The sample was composed of 200 students with an average of 18.13 years old (SD = 1.41). Multiple regression and mediation analyses were assessed to understand the relationship between university adaptation and health. Multiple linear regression estimations had the following results for mental and physical health. Interpersonal relationships in university better related to mental health. This model was composed by Interpersonal, Estudio and Carrera, which accounted for 23% of the whole model. Physical health model was composed of perceived stress and Estudio which accounted for 22% of the whole model of physical health. Mediation analysis showed that perceived stress fully mediated the relationship between Estudio and physical health. Our findings could help further understand how college students are adjusting in order to have a better health. These findings have important implications on assessing interventions for students that are struggling to adapt to college demands.
L’interprétation multiforme du multiculturalisme par les tribunaux canadiens (1981-2015)
Authors: Rocher François , Brassard-Dion Nikola 
Published: November 2017

Résumé
Cette recherche consiste en une analyse de la signification que les tribunaux canadiens ont donnée au terme multiculturalisme. L’objectif est double. D’abord, identifier le contexte de l’utilisation du terme et cerner la signification qui lui est accordée. Ensuite, contraster la compréhension du multiculturalisme par l’État fédéral avec celle à laquelle souscrivent implicitement les tribunaux. Bien que ces derniers recourent souvent aux principes du multiculturalisme, leur conception n’est pas univoque et son champ d’application s’est rapidement élargi, allant au-delà de ce qui avait été prévu au moment de l’adoption du terme en 1971.
Ability to Reach Low-Income Smokers Enrolled in a Randomised Controlled Trial Varies with Time of Month
Authors: Hawk Kathryn , Shi Ruizhi , Weiss June , Makuch Robert , Toll Benjamin , Bernstein Steven L. 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Because of financial pressures, low-income individuals sometimes run out of cellphone service towards the end of the month.Aims: To determine if the time of month affects ability to reach low-income smokers by telephone.Methods: We reviewed data from a completed trial in the United States of emergency department (ED)-initiated tobacco dependence treatment for low-income smokers at a busy, academic ED in an urban community. We recorded the date of each one-month follow-up call, and divided each month into four time blocks: Week 1, Week 2, Week 3, and Week 4.Results: A total of 2,049 phone calls were made to reach 769 participants. Of these calls, 677 (33%) resulted in contact; 88% of all participants were contacted. Using generalised estimating equations with Week 4 as reference, the odds of a successful contact at Weeks 1, 2, and 3 were, respectively, 1.52 (95% CI 1.18, 1.96), 1.30 (95% CI 1.01, 1.66), and 1.37 (95% CI 1.07, 1.76).Conclusions: Study participants became progressively difficult to reach. This result may reflect low-income smokers’ decreased rates of active telephone service later in the month and suggests a mechanism to improve follow-up rates in future studies of low-income populations.
Underweight increases the risk of early death in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Yen Yung-Feng , Tung Fu-I , Ho Bo-Lung , Lai Yun-Ju 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEvidence regarding the association between BMI and mortality in tuberculosis (TB) patients is limited and inconsistent. We investigated the impact of BMI on TB-specific and non-TB-specific mortality with respect to different timing of death. All Taiwanese adults with TB in Taipei were included in a retrospective cohort study in 2012–2014. Multinomial Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the associations between BMI, cause-specific mortality and timing of death. Of 2410 eligible patients, 86·0 % (2061) were successfully treated, and TB-specific and non-TB-specific mortality occurred for 2·2 % (54) and 13·9 % (335), respectively. After controlling for potential confounders, underweight was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 1·57; 95 % CI 1·26, 1·95), whereas overweight was not. When cause-specific death was considered, underweight was associated with an increased risk of either TB-specific (AHR 1·85; 95 % CI 1·03, 3·33) or non-TB-specific death (AHR 1·52; 95 % CI 1·19, 1·95) during treatment. With joint consideration of cause-specific and timing of death, underweight only significantly increased the risk of TB-specific (AHR 2·23; 95 % CI 1·09, 4·59) and non-TB-specific mortality (AHR 1·81; 95 % CI 1·29, 2·55) within the first 8 weeks of treatment. This study suggests that underweight increases the risk of early death in TB patients during treatment.
Chilli-briquettes modify the temporal behaviour of elephants, but not their numbers
Authors: Pozo Rocío A. , Coulson Tim , McCulloch Graham , Stronza Amanda , Songhurst Anna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCrop loss to foraging elephants is one of the most significant causes of conflict between people and elephants in areas where wild elephants share resources with people. Effective solutions to reduce the effects of human–elephant conflict on local livelihoods are thus essential to foster coexistence between elephants and people. We assessed the effectiveness of chilli-briquettes (bricks made of dry chilli, elephant dung and water) in altering elephants use of space in the eastern Okavango Panhandle, Botswana. We burned > 600 briquettes during the night over a 2-month period to test five treatments: frequent burning of (1) chilli and (2) chilli-free briquettes, occasional burning of (3) chilli and (4) chilli-free briquettes, and (5) a control treatment. Using camera traps and footprint surveys we assessed the number of elephants that used experimental sites, and the times at which they did so. We found elephants changed their movement behaviour from predominantly nocturnal to diurnal in areas where chilli-briquettes were burned throughout the night; however, there was no difference in the mean numbers of individuals between treatments with and without chillies. In other words, chilli-briquettes had a repellent but not a deterrent effect on elephants, keeping them away only at times when chilli-briquettes were smouldering. Based on these findings we recommend the use of chilli-briquettes as a method to deter elephants in the short term. In the long term, chilli-briquettes should be applied in combination with other larger-scale mitigation approaches, such as land management and cooperative community-based tools.
Religious Disagreement and Epistemic Intuitions
Authors: Bergmann Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractReligious disagreement is, quite understandably, viewed as a problem for religious belief. In this paper, I consider why religious disagreement is a problem—why it is a potential defeater for religious belief—and I propose a way of dealing with this sort of potential defeater. I begin by focusing elsewhere—on arguments for radical skepticism. In section 1, I consider skeptical arguments proposed as potential defeaters for all of our perceptual and memory beliefs and explain what I think the rational response is to such potential defeaters, emphasizing the way epistemic intuitions are involved in both the skeptical arguments and my recommended response. In section 2, I discuss the way in which peer disagreement—on any topic—is a potential defeater for our beliefs, highlighting the conditions under which recognized disagreement is a successful defeater and those under which it isn't. In the third section, I consider how to use a section-1 type of response to deal with a section-2 type of defeater for religious belief.
Detachment, Rationality and Evidence: Towards a More Humane Religious Epistemology
Authors: Cottingham John 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSome truths cannot be accessed ‘cold’, from a detached and impersonal standpoint, but require personal commitment and even moral change in order for the relevant evidence to come to light. The truths of religion may be of this kind. Moreover, recent work in psychology and neurophysiology suggests that our knowledge of the world comes in different forms, the detached critical scrutiny associated with ‘the left-brain’ and the more intuitive and holistic awareness mediated by the ‘right brain’. Much contemporary philosophy privileges the former kind of knowledge, but in areas such as religion this may be a mistake.1
Transcriptome-wide identification of the RNA-binding landscape of the chromatin-associated protein PARP1 reveals functions in RNA biogenesis
Authors: Melikishvili Manana , Chariker Julia H , Rouchka Eric C , Fondufe-Mittendorf Yvonne N 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent studies implicate Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) in alternative splicing regulation, and PARP1 may be an RNA-binding protein. However, detailed knowledge of RNA targets and the RNA-binding region for PARP1 are unknown. Here we report the first global study of PARP1–RNA interactions using PAR–CLIP in HeLa cells. We identified a largely overlapping set of 22 142 PARP1–RNA-binding peaks mapping to mRNAs, with 20 484 sites located in intronic regions. PARP1 preferentially bound RNA containing GC-rich sequences. Using a Bayesian model, we determined positional effects of PARP1 on regulated exon-skipping events: PARP1 binding upstream and downstream of the skipped exons generally promotes exon inclusion, whereas binding within the exon of interest and intronic regions closer to the skipped exon promotes exon skipping. Using truncation mutants, we show that removal of the Zn1Zn2 domain switches PARP1 from a DNA binder to an RNA binder. This study represents a first step into understanding the role of PARP1–RNA interaction. Continued identification and characterization of the functional interplay between PARPs and RNA may provide important insights into the role of PARPs in RNA regulation.
MiR-215-5p is a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer targeting EGFR ligand epiregulin and its transcriptional inducer HOXB9
Authors: Vychytilova-Faltejskova Petra , Merhautova Jana , Machackova Tana , Gutierrez-Garcia Irene , Garcia-Solano José , Radova Lenka , Brchnelova Dominika , Slaba Katerina , Svoboda Marek , Halamkova Jana , Demlova Regina , Kiss Igor , Vyzula Rostislav , Conesa-Zamora Pablo , Slaby Ondrej 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGrowing evidence suggests that microRNAs are involved in the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). In the present study, deregulation and functioning of tumor-suppressive miR-215-5p was evaluated in CRC. In total, 448 tumor tissues and 325 paired adjacent healthy tissues collected from Czech and Spain cohorts of CRC patients have been used for miR-215-5p expression analyses. A series of in vitro experiments have been performed using transient transfection of miR-215-5p mimics into four CRC cell lines to identify specific cellular processes affected by miR-215-5p. Further, the effects of miR-215-5p on tumor growth were evaluated in vivo using NSG mice and stable cell line overexpressing miR-215-5p. Target mRNAs of miR-215-5p were tested using luciferase assay and western blot analyses. We found that miR-215-5p is significantly downregulated in tumor tissues compared with non-tumor adjacent tissues and its decreased levels correlate with the presence of lymph node metastases, tumor stage, and shorter overall survival in CRC patients. Overexpression of miR-215-5p significantly reduced proliferation, clonogenicity, and migration of CRC cells, lead to cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase and p53-dependent induction of apoptosis. The ability of miR-215-5p to inhibit tumor growth was confirmed in vivo. Finally, we confirmed epiregulin and HOXB9 to be the direct targets of miR-215-5p. As epiregulin is EGFR ligand and HOXB9 is its transcriptional inducer, we suggest that the main molecular link between miR-215-5p and CRC cells phenotypes presents the EGFR signaling pathway, which is one of the canonical pathogenic pathways in CRC.
Crystal plasticity as an indicator of the viscous-brittle transition in magmas
Authors: Kendrick J. E. , Lavallée Y. , Mariani E. , Dingwell D. B. , Wheeler J. , Varley N. R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the flow of multi-phase (melt, crystals and bubbles) magmas is of great importance for interpreting eruption dynamics. Here we report the first observation of crystal plasticity, identified using electron backscatter diffraction, in plagioclase in andesite dome lavas from Volcán de Colima, Mexico. The same lavas, deformed experimentally at volcanic conduit temperature and load conditions, exhibit a further, systematic plastic response in the crystalline fraction, observable as a lattice misorientation. At higher stress, and higher crystal fraction, the amount of strain accommodated by crystal plasticity is larger. Crystal plastic distortion is highest in the intact segments of broken crystals, which have exceeded their plastic limit. We infer that crystal plasticity precludes failure and can punctuate the viscous-brittle transition in crystal-bearing magmas at certain shallow magmatic conditions. Since crystal plasticity varies systematically with imposed conditions, this raises the possibility that it may be used as a strain marker in well-constrained systems.
Internalization of a polysialic acid-binding Escherichia coli bacteriophage into eukaryotic neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Lehti Timo A. , Pajunen Maria I. , Skog Maria S. , Finne Jukka 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEukaryotic organisms are continuously exposed to bacteriophages, which are efficient gene transfer agents in bacteria. However, bacteriophages are considered not to pass the eukaryotic cell membrane and enter nonphagocytic cells. Here we report the binding and penetration of Escherichia coli PK1A2 bacteriophage into live eukaryotic neuroblastoma cells in vitro. The phage interacts with cell surface polysialic acid, which shares structural similarity with the bacterial phage receptor. Using fluorescence and electron microscopy, we show that phages are internalized via the endolysosomal route and persist inside the human cells up to one day without affecting cell viability. Phage capsid integrity is lost in lysosomes, and the phage DNA is eventually degraded. We did not detect the entry of phage DNA into the nucleus; however, we speculate that this might occur as a rare event, and propose that this potential mechanism could explain prokaryote–eukaryote gene flow.
Direct evidence of hidden local spin polarization in a centrosymmetric superconductor LaO0.55 F0.45BiS2
Authors: Wu Shi-Long , Sumida Kazuki , Miyamoto Koji , Taguchi Kazuaki , Yoshikawa Tomoki , Kimura Akio , Ueda Yoshifumi , Arita Masashi , Nagao Masanori , Watauchi Satoshi , Tanaka Isao , Okuda Taichi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractConventional Rashba spin polarization is caused by the combination of strong spin–orbit interaction and spatial inversion asymmetry. However, Rashba–Dresselhaus-type spin-split states are predicted in the centrosymmetric LaOBiS2 system by recent theory, which stem from the local inversion asymmetry of active BiS2 layer. By performing high-resolution spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we have investigated the electronic band structure and spin texture of superconductor LaO0.55F0.45BiS2. Here we present direct spectroscopic evidence for the local spin polarization of both the valence band and the conduction band. In particular, the coexistence of Rashba-like and Dresselhaus-like spin textures has been observed in the conduction band. The finding is of key importance for fabrication of proposed dual-gated spin-field effect transistor. Moreover, the spin-split band leads to a spin–momentum locking Fermi surface from which superconductivity emerges. Our demonstration not only expands the scope of spintronic materials but also enhances the understanding of spin–orbit interaction-related superconductivity.
ORAI channels are critical for receptor-mediated endocytosis of albumin
Authors: Zeng Bo , Chen Gui-Lan , Garcia-Vaz Eliana , Bhandari Sunil , Daskoulidou Nikoleta , Berglund Lisa M. , Jiang Hongni , Hallett Thomas , Zhou Lu-Ping , Huang Li , Xu Zi-Hao , Nair Viji , Nelson Robert G. , Ju Wenjun , Kretzler Matthias , Atkin Stephen L. , Gomez Maria F. , Xu Shang-Zhong 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImpaired albumin reabsorption by proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTECs) has been highlighted in diabetic nephropathy (DN), but little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here we find that ORAI1-3, are preferentially expressed in PTECs and downregulated in patients with DN. Hyperglycemia or blockade of insulin signaling reduces the expression of ORAI1-3. Inhibition of ORAI channels by BTP2 and diethylstilbestrol or silencing of ORAI expression impairs albumin uptake. Transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative Orai1 mutant (E108Q) increases albuminuria, and in vivo injection of BTP2 exacerbates albuminuria in streptozotocin-induced and Akita diabetic mice. The albumin endocytosis is Ca2+-dependent and accompanied by ORAI1 internalization. Amnionless (AMN) associates with ORAIs and forms STIM/ORAI/AMN complexes after Ca2+ store depletion. STIM1/ORAI1 colocalizes with clathrin, but not with caveolin, at the apical membrane of PTECs, which determines clathrin-mediated endocytosis. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of protein reabsorption and potential targets for treating diabetic proteinuria.
Multiyne chains chelating osmium via three metal-carbon σ bonds
Authors: Zhuo Qingde , Lin Jianfeng , Hua Yuhui , Zhou Xiaoxi , Shao Yifan , Chen Shiyan , Chen Zhixin , Zhu Jun , Zhang Hong , Xia Haiping 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Although the formation of metal–carbon σ bonds is a fundamental principle in organometallic chemistry, the direct bonding of one organic molecule with one metal center to generate more than two metal–carbon σ bonds remains a challenge. Herein, we report an aromaticity-driven method whereby multiyne chains are used to construct three metal–carbon σ bonds in a one-pot reaction under mild conditions. In this method, multiyne chains act as ligand precursors capable of chelating an osmium center to yield planar metallapolycycles, which exhibit aromaticity and good stability. The direct assembly of various multiyne chains with commercially available metal complexes or even simple metal salts provides a convenient and efficient strategy for constructing all carbon-ligated chelates on the gram scale.
Development of a microfluidic setup to study the corrosion product deposition in accelerated flow regions
Authors: McGrady John , Duff Jonathan , Stevens Nicholas , Cioncolini Andrea , Curioni Michele , Banks Andrew , Scenini Fabio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCRUD (Chalk River Unidentified Deposit) forms in the water circuits of nuclear reactors due to corrosion of structural materials and the consequent release of species into the coolant. The deposition of CRUD is known to occur preferentially in regions of the primary circuit of pressurised water reactors (PWRs) where the water flow accelerates. In order to investigate this phenomenon, a micro-fluidic system, recreating plant conditions while using a simplified experimental set-up, was realised. A flow cell, comprising a stainless steel disc with a central micro-orifice, was used to create accelerated flow under representative operating conditions. By monitoring the pressure drop across the cell, the build-up rate (BUR) of CRUD within the micro-orifice was monitored in real time. By this setup, the conditions inducing deposition of CRUD under PWR conditions were emulated and CRUD deposition was induced in the accelerated flow region. Further effects associated with the presence of lithium hydroxide were investigated in real-time.
Sensory Stream Adaptation in Chaotic Networks
Authors: Ponzi Adam 
Published: November 2017

AbstractImplicit expectations induced by predictable stimuli sequences affect neuronal response to upcoming stimuli at both single cell and neural population levels. Temporally regular sensory streams also phase entrain ongoing low frequency brain oscillations but how and why this happens is unknown. Here we investigate how random recurrent neural networks without plasticity respond to stimuli streams containing oddballs. We found the neuronal correlates of sensory stream adaptation emerge if networks generate chaotic oscillations which can be phase entrained by stimulus streams. The resultant activity patterns are close to critical and support history dependent response on long timescales. Because critical network entrainment is a slow process stimulus response adapts gradually over multiple repetitions. Repeated stimuli generate suppressed responses but oddball responses are large and distinct. Oscillatory mismatch responses persist in population activity for long periods after stimulus offset while individual cell mismatch responses are strongly phasic. These effects are weakened in temporally irregular sensory streams. Thus we show that network phase entrainment provides a biologically plausible mechanism for neural oddball detection. Our results do not depend on specific network characteristics, are consistent with experimental studies and may be relevant for multiple pathologies demonstrating altered mismatch processing such as schizophrenia and depression.