bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Objective (Real-world) Motion Responses in Scene Responsive Regions
Authors: Hacialihafiz Didem Korkmaz , Bartels Andreas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe perceive scenes as stable even when eye movements induce retinal motion, for example during pursuit of a moving object. Mechanisms mediating perceptual stability have primarily been examined in motion regions of the dorsal visual pathway. Here we examined whether motion responses in human scene regions are encoded in eye- or world centered reference frames. We recorded brain responses in human participants using fMRI while they performed a well-controlled visual pursuit paradigm previously used to examine dorsal motion regions. In addition, we examined effects of content by using either natural scenes or their Fourier scrambles. We found that parahippocampal place area (PPA) responded to motion only in world- but not in eye-centered coordinates, regardless of scene content. The occipital place area (OPA) responded to both, objective and retinal motion equally, and retrosplenial cortex (RSC) had no motion responses but responded to pursuit. Only PPA’s objective motion responses were higher during scenes than scrambled images, although there was a similar trend in OPA. These results indicate a special role of PPA in representing its content in real-world coordinates. Our results question a strict subdivision of dorsal “what” and ventral “where” streams, and suggest a role of PPA in contributing to perceptual stability.
On the Number of Siblings andp-th Cousins in a Large Population Sample
Authors: Shchur Vladimir , Nielsen Rasmus 
Published: June 2017

1.AbstractThe number of individuals in a random sample with close relatives in the sample is a quantity of interest when designing Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and other cohort based genetic, and non-genetic, studies. In this paper, we develop expressions for the distribution and expectation of the number ofp-th cousins in a sample from a population of sizeNunder two diploid Wright-Fisher models. We also develop simple asymptotic expressions for large values ofN. For example, the expected proportion of individuals with at least onep-th cousin in a sample ofKindividuals, for a diploid dioecious Wright-Fisher model, is approximately 1 −e−(22p−1)K/N. Our results show that a substantial fraction of individuals in the sample will have at least a second cousin if the sampling fraction (K/N) is on the order of 10−2. This confirms that, for large cohort samples, relatedness among individuals cannot easily be ignored.
Multiplexed live-cell visualization of endogenous proteins with nanometer precision by fluorobodies
Authors: Klein Alina , Hank Susanne , Raulf Anika , Tissen Felicitas , Heilemann Mike , Wieneke Ralph , Tampé Robert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe visualization of endogenous proteins in living cells is a major challenge. A fundamental requirement for spatiotemporally precise imaging is a minimal disturbance of protein function at high signal-to-background ratio. Current approaches for visualization of native proteins in living cells are limited by dark emitting, bulky fluorescent proteins and uncontrollable expression levels. Here, we demonstrate the labeling of endogenous proteins using nanobodies with site-specifically engineered bright organic fluorophores, named fluorobodies. Their fast and fine-tuned intracellular transfer by microfluidic cell squeezing allowed for low background, low toxicity, and high-throughput. Multiplexed imaging of distinct cellular structures was facilitated by specific protein targeting, culminating in live-cell super-resolution imaging of protein networks. The high-throughput delivery of engineered nanobodies will open new avenues in visualizing native cellular structures with unprecedented accuracy in cell-based screens.
Mathermycin, a Lantibiotic from the Marine Actinomycete Marinactinospora thermotolerans SCSIO 00652
Authors: Chen Erquan , Chen Qi , Chen Shaoming , Xu Bing , Ju Jianhua , Wang Huan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Lantibiotics are antimicrobial peptides belonging to the family of ribosomally synthesized and posttranslationally modified peptides (RiPPs) and feature thioether linkages in their structures. In this study, we identified the biosynthetic gene cluster of a cinnamycin analog, named mathermycin, from
Marinactinospora thermotolerans
SCSIO 00652 and reconstituted its biosynthesis in
Streptomyces lividans
and
Escherichia coli
. Key posttranslational modification enzymes of mathermycin were characterized. Mathermycin exhibited antimicrobial activity and therefore represents an example of cinnamycin-like lantibiotics from
Marinactinospora
species.

IMPORTANCE
The discovery of new antimicrobial compounds that can be used as potential drugs is in urgent need due to increasing bacterial resistance to current antibiotics. Lantibiotics are important antimicrobial compounds that have found applications in both the clinic setting and food industry. We report here the discovery of a new lantibiotic, mathermycin, from a marine-derived
Marinactinospora thermotolerans
strain and elucidation of its biosynthesis. We also demonstrate that mathermycin possesses antimicrobial activity toward a
Bacillus
strain.
Multiple supratentorial subependymomas causing obstructive hydrocephalus
Authors: Schroeder Jason , LeFever Devon , Entezami Pouya , Mrak Robert E 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSubependymomas are benign intraventricular tumours that most often occur asymptomatically and are found incidentally on autopsy. Symptomatic examples requiring surgical intervention are exceedingly rare.Case presentationA 55-year-old man with no history of neurological symptoms presented with multiple episodes of loss of consciousness and increasing headaches. MRI revealed a lobulated intraventricular mass centred at the right Foramen of Monro. Obstructive hydrocephalus with localised midline shift and a second lesion were noted. Right frontal craniotomy with total removal via transcortical resection was performed.DiscussionSymptomatic subependymomas generally present with signs of hydrocephalus due to obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid pathways. There is only one other reported case of multifocal subependymomas in a symptomatic patient. An example of multiple supratentorial subependymomas causing obstructive hydrocephalus has not been previously reported.ConclusionsMultiple subependymomas are rare. Judicious surgical management with full excision led to symptomatic improvement in our patient.
Out-of-pocket expenditures for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in general and specialised cardiac hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional cohort study
Authors: Tolla Mieraf Taddesse , Norheim Ole Frithjof , Verguet Stéphane , Bekele Abebe , Amenu Kassahun , Abdisa Senbeta Guteta , Johansson Kjell Arne 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundCardiovascular disease poses a great financial risk on households in countries without universal health coverage like Ethiopia. This paper aims to estimate the magnitude and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure and factors associated with catastrophic health expenditure for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in general and specialised cardiac hospitals in Addis Ababa.Methods and findingsWe conducted a cross-sectional cohort study among individuals who sought cardiovascular disease care in selected hospitals in Addis Ababa during February to March 2015 (n=589, response rate 94%). Out-of-pocket payments on direct medical costs and direct non-medical costs were accounted for. Descriptive statistics was used to estimate the magnitude and intensity of catastrophic health expenditure within households, while logistic regression models were used to assess the factors associated with it.About 27% (26 .7;95% CI 23.1 to 30.6) of the households experienced catastrophic health expenditure, defined as annual out-of-pocket payments above 10% of a household’s annual income. Family support was the the most common coping mechanism. Low income, residence outside Addis Ababa and hospitalisation increased the likelihood of experiencing catastrophic health expenditure. The bottom income quintile was about 60 times more likely to suffer catastrophic health expenditure compared with the top quintile (adjusted OR=58.6 (16.5–208.0), p value=0.00). Of those that experienced catastrophic health expenditure, the poorest and richest quintiles spent on average 34% and 15% of households’ annual income, respectively. Drug costs constitute about 50% of the outpatient care cost.ConclusionsSeeking prevention and treatment services for cardiovascular disease in Addis Ababa poses substantial financial burden on households, affecting the poorest and those who reside outside Addis Ababa more. Economic and geographical inequalities should also be considered when setting priorities for expanding coverage of these services. Expanded coverage has to go hand-in-hand with implementation of sound prepayment and risk pooling arrangements to ensure financial risk protection to the most needy.
Perceived challenges to achieving universal health coverage: a cross-sectional survey of social health insurance managers/administrators in China
Authors: Shan Linghan , Wu Qunhong , Liu Chaojie , Li Ye , Cui Yu , Liang Zi , Hao Yanhua , Liang Libo , Ning Ning , Ding Ding , Pan Qingxia , Han Liyuan 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveChina has achieved over 96% health insurance coverage. However, universal health coverage (UHC) entails population coverage and the range of services covered and the extent to which health service costs are covered. This study aimed to determine the performance of the health insurance system in China in terms of its role in UHC and to identify challenges in the progress of UHC as perceived by health insurance managers/administrators.MethodsA cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Beijing, Ningbo, Harbin and Chongqing over the period of 2014 and 2015. A stratified cluster random sampling strategy was adopted to select study participants. A total of 1277 (64.8%) respondents who reported familiarity with the current health insurance system and the requirements of UHC provided valid data for analyses. They gave a rating on the role of the current health insurance system in achieving UHC. A multivariate logistic regression model was developed to determine the associations between the rating and the features of insurance arrangements.ResultsThere was consensus among the respondents on the performance of the current health insurance system in terms of its role in UHC, regardless who they were and what responsibility they held in their organisation (ie, policy development, managing fund transactions, and so on). Overall, about 45% of the respondents believed that there is a long way to go to achieve UHC. The low rating was found to be associated with limited financial protection (OR=1.656, 95% CI 1.279 to 2.146), healthcare inequity (OR=1.607, 95% CI 1.268 to 2.037), poor portability (OR=1.347, 95% CI 1.065 to 1.703) and ineffective supervision and administration of funds (OR=1.339, 95% CI 1.061 to 1.692) as perceived by the respondents.ConclusionHealth insurance managers/administrators in China are pessimistic about the achievements of the current health insurance system. They are concerned about the overall lack of benefit that insurance programmes bring to members, including low levels of entitlements, large healthcare inequity, limited financial protection and poor portability. A singular amendment of the structural design of the existing funds may not be enough to offer a satisfactory solution to these identified barriers. There is a need to increase funding capacities, to develop unified and consistent policies and to increase the level of fund pooling.
Has the NHS 111 urgent care telephone service been a success? Case study and secondary data analysis in England
Authors: Pope Catherine , Turnbull Joanne , Jones Jeremy , Prichard Jane , Rowsell Ali , Halford Susan 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesTo explore the success of the introduction of the National Health Service (NHS) 111 urgent care service and describe service activity in the period 2014–2016.DesignComparative mixed method case study of five NHS 111 service providers and analysis of national level routine data on activity and service use.Settings and dataOur primary research involved five NHS 111 sites in England. We conducted 356 hours of non-participant observation in NHS 111 call centres and the urgent care centres and, linked to these observations, held 6 focus group interviews with 47 call advisors, clinical and managerial staff. This primary research is augmented by a secondary analysis of routine data about the 44 NHS 111 sites in England contained in the NHS 111 Minimum Data Set made available by NHS England.ResultsOpinions vary depending on the criteria used to judge the success of NHS 111. The service has been rolled out across 44 sites. The 111 phone number is operational and the service has replaced its predecessor NHS Direct. This new service has led to changes in who does the work of managing urgent care demand, achieving significant labour substitution. Judged against internal performance criteria, the service appears not to meet some targets such as call answering times, but it has seen a steady increase in use over time. Patients appear largely satisfied with NHS 111, but the view from some stakeholders is more mixed. The impact of NHS 111 on other health services is difficult to assess and cost-effectiveness has not been established.ConclusionThe new urgent care service NHS 111 has been brought into use but its success against some key criteria has not been comprehensively proven.
Association between exposure to the Chinese famine during infancy and the risk of self-reported chronic lung diseases in adulthood: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Zhenghe , Zou Zhiyong , Yang Zhongping , Dong Yanhui , Ma Jun 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo examine the association between early-life exposure to the Chinese famine and the risk of chronic lung diseases in adulthood.DesignData analysis from a cross-sectional survey.Setting and participants4135 subjects were enrolled into the study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2011–2012 baseline survey to analyse the associations between prenatal and early postnatal famine exposure and the risk of chronic lung diseases in adulthood.Main outcome measuresChronic lung diseases were defined based on self-reported information.ResultsThe prevalence of self-reported chronic lung diseases in fetus-exposed, infant-exposed, preschool-exposed, and non-exposed groups was 6.5%, 7.9%, 6.8%, and 6.1%, respectively. The risk of chronic lung diseases in the infant-exposed group was significantly higher (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.10 to 3.44) than the non-exposed group in severely affected areas, even after adjusting for gender, smoking, and drinking, family economic status, and the highest educational attainment of the parents (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.26 to 5.25). In addition, after stratification by gender and famine severity, we found that only infant exposure to the severe famine was associated with the elevated risk of chronic lung diseases among male adults (OR 3.16, 95% CI 1.17 to 8.51).ConclusionsSevere famine exposure during the period of infancy might increase the risk of chronic lung diseases in male adults.
Application of pharmacogenomics to investigate adverse drug reactions to the disease-modifying treatments for multiple sclerosis: a case–control study protocol for dimethyl fumarate-induced lymphopenia
Authors: Kowalec Kaarina , Kingwell Elaine , Carruthers Robert , Marrie Ruth Ann , Bernatsky Sasha , Traboulsee Anthony , Ross Colin J D , Carleton Bruce , Tremlett Helen 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAdverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a global public health issue. The potential for pharmacogenomic biomarkers has been demonstrated in several therapeutical areas, including HIV infection and oncology. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) is a licensed disease-modifying therapy for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). The use of DMF in MS has been associated with a severe reduction in lymphocyte counts and reports of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Here, we outline the protocol for a case–control study designed to discover genomic variants associated with DMF-induced lymphopenia. The ultimate goal is to replicate these findings and create an efficient and adaptable approach towards the identification of genomic markers that could assist in mitigating adverse drug reactions in MS.Methods and analysisThe population sample will comprise DMF-exposed patients with MS, with cases representing those who developed lymphopenia and controls who did not. DNA genotyping will take place using a high-throughput genome-wide array. Fine mapping and imputation will be performed to focus in on the potentially causal variants associated with lymphopenia. Multivariable logistic regression will be used to compare genotype and allele frequencies between the cases and the controls, with consideration of potential confounders. The association threshold will be set at p<1.0×10−5for the discovery of genomic association analyses to select variants for replication.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval has been obtained from the respective research ethics board, which includes written informed consent. Findings will be disseminated widely, including at scientific conferences, via podcasts (targeted at both healthcare professionals as well as patients and the wider community), through patient engagement and other outreach community events, written lay summaries for all participants and formal publication in peer-reviewed scientific journals.
High-intensity flywheel exercise and recovery of atrophy after 90 days bed-­rest­
Authors: Belavý Daniel L , Ohshima Hiroshi , Rittweger Jörn , Felsenberg Dieter 
Published: June 2017

AimsTo investigate differential muscle atrophy during bed-rest, the impact of a high-intensity concentric-eccentric (flywheel) resistance exercise countermeasure and muscle recovery after bed-rest.MethodsTwenty-five healthy male subjects underwent 90 dayshead-down tilt bed-rest. Volume of individual lower-limb muscles was measured via MRI before, twice during and four times up to 1 year after bed-rest. Subjects were either inactive (n=16) or performed flywheel exercise every third day of bed-rest (n=9). Functional performance was assessed via countermovement jump.ResultsOn ‘intent-to-treat’ analysis, flywheel prevented atrophy in the vasti (p<0.001) and reduced atrophy in the hip adductor/extensor adductor magnus (p=0.001) and ankle dorsiflexors/toe flexors (soleus (p<0.001), gastrocnemius medialis (p<0.001), gastrocnemius lateralis (p=0.02), and tibialis posterior with flexor digitorum longus (p=0.04)). Flywheel exercise was not effective for the hamstrings, gracilis, sartorius, peroneals and anterior tibial muscles. Muscle atrophy in vasti, soleus, gastrocnemius medialis, gastrocnemius lateralis and adductor magnus correlated with losses in countermovement jump performance. Muscle volume recovered within 90 days after bed-rest, however long-term after bed-rest, the inactive subjects only showed significantly increased muscle volume versus prebed-rest in a number of muscles including soleus (+4.3%), gastrocnemius medialis (+3.9%) and semimembranosus (+4.3%). This was not associated with greater countermovement jump performance.ConclusionThe exercise countermeasure was effective in preventing or reducing atrophy in the vasti, adductor magnus and ankle dorsiflexors/toe flexors but not the hamstrings, medial thigh muscles or peroneals and dorsiflexor muscles.Trial registration numberNCT00311571; results.
Leisure time physical activity and quality of life in medical students: results from a multicentre study
Authors: Peleias Munique , Tempski Patricia , Paro Helena BMS , Perotta Bruno , Mayer Fernanda B , Enns Sylvia C , Gannam Silmar , Pereira Maria Amelia D , Silveira Paulo S , Santos Itamar S , Carvalho Celso RF , Martins Milton A 
Published: June 2017

Background/aimWe evaluated the association between leisure time physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) in medical students. Our hypothesis was that there was a positive association between volume of PA and various domains of perception of QoL.MethodsData were evaluated from a random sample of 1350 medical students from 22 Brazilian medical schools. Information from participants included the WHO Quality of Life questionnaire-short form (WHOQOL-BREF), a questionnaire specifically designed to evaluate QoL in medical students (VERAS-Q) and questions for both global QoL self-assessment and leisure time PA. According to the amount of metabolic equivalents (METs) spend during PA, volunteers were divided into four groups, according to the volume of PA: (a) no PA; (b) low PA, ≤540 MET min/week; (c) moderate PA, from 541 to 1260 MET min/week and (d) high PA, > 1261 MET min/week.ResultsForty per cent of the medical students reported no leisure time PA (46.0% of females and 32.3% of males). In contrast, 27.2% were classified in the group of high PA (21.0% of females and 34.2% of males). We found significant associations between moderate and high levels of PA and better QoL for all measurements. For low levels of PA, this association was also significant for most QoL measurements, with the exceptions of WHOQOL physical health (p=0.08) and social relationships (p=0.26) domains.ConclusionWe observed a strong dose-effect relationship between the volume of leisure time PA and QoL in both male and female medical students.
Association between fasting insulin and high-sensitivity C reactive protein in Korean adults
Authors: Yang June S , Gerber Jeffry N , You Hyun J 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundHigh-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a reliable indicator of atherosclerotic diseases and is associated with hyperinsulinaemia. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between hs-CRP and fasting insulin levels in Korean adults not taking medication for hypertension, dyslipidaemia or diabetes, nor provided with specific dietary advice.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included 2588 subjects who participated in the 2015 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. High-risk hs-CRP was defined as hs-CRP>2 mg/L. Subjects were divided into four groups with fasting insulin (<5, 5–10, 10–15,>15 uIU/mL)ResultsThe mean hs-CRP in our sample was 1.22 mg/L. hs-CRP was positively associated with fasting insulin level. The occurrence of high-risk hs-CRP with increasing fasting insulin levels was 7.6%, 9.8%, 19.1% and 28.2%, respectively. In comparing high-risk hs-CRP between the highest (>15 µIU/mL) and lowest (<5 µIU/mL) insulin groups, the OR (95% CI) was 4.59 (2.77–7.58). triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein ratio was also associated with hs-CRP. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was not associated with hs-CRP.ConclusionsHigher level of fasting insulin is positively associated with high-risk hs-CRP.