bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Green criminology: shining a critical lens on environmental harm
Authors: Nurse Angus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGreen criminology provides for inter-disciplinary and multi-disciplinary engagement with environmental crimes and wider environmental harms. Green criminology applies a broad ‘‘green’’ perspective to environmental harms, ecological justice, and the study of environmental laws and criminality, which includes crimes affecting the environment and non-human nature. Within the ecological justice and species justice perspectives of green criminology there is a contention that justice systems need to do more than just consider anthropocentric notions of criminal justice, they should also consider how justice systems can provide protection and redress for the environment and other species. Green criminological scholarship has, thus, paid direct attention to theoretical questions of whether and how justice systems deal with crimes against animals and the environment; it has begun to conceptualize policy perspectives that can provide contemporary ecological justice alongside mainstream criminal justice. Moving beyond mainstream criminology’s focus on individual offenders, green criminology also explores state failure in environmental protection and corporate offending and environmentally harmful business practices. A central discussion within green criminology is that of whether environmental harm rather than environmental crime should be its focus, and whether green ‘‘crimes’’ should be seen as the focus of mainstream criminal justice and dealt with by core criminal justice agencies such as the police, or whether they should be considered as being beyond the mainstream. This article provides an introductory overview that complements a multi- and inter-disciplinary article collection dedicated to green criminological thinking and research.
Hiring leaders: Inference and disagreement about the best person for the job
Authors: Giannakas Konstantinos , Fulton Murray , Awada Tala 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHiring is a critical determinant of organizational performance and has received considerable attention in economics where the focus is on identifying who is the best person for the job (an adverse selection problem) and ensuring that the person hired has incentives to behave in a desirable manner (a moral hazard problem). The implicit assumption in this literature is that everyone agrees on what constitutes the “best candidate.” In this paper we show that the economics literature fails to recognize that people will generally disagree over “what is best?” Answering this question requires people to make inferences about the environment the organization expects to experience in the future and to match this environment with leader characteristics. Given the idiosyncratic nature of inference, there will be disagreement on the “best person for the job,” even when everyone shares the same goals. The purpose of this paper is to outline why conflict regarding the most desirable person for the job emerges in rapidly changing environments and how this conflict is different from conflict that arises from self-interest and the presence of decision-making biases. The paper shows that conflict from inference, if properly dealt with, can actually improve decision-making, and what can be done to create the right conditions for this to occur. The paper also shows why hiring always involves an element of luck.
The creative mind: cognition, society and culture
Authors: Bondebjerg Ib 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the main tendencies and ideas in the embodied mind paradigm in the expanding field of modern cognitive science. The focus is not on the biological and neurological aspects of cognitive science, rather the article demonstrates how basic concepts and theories from cognitive science have influenced linguistics, sociology, the understanding of art and creativity, film and film perception, as well as our understanding of historical film narratives and mediated memories. Although these areas of humanities and social science may seem unrelated, this article demonstrates how the embodied mind paradigm has actually forged links between separate scientific disciplines. Cognitive science and the embodied mind theory have created a stronger interdisciplinary connection between cognitive understanding in social science and humanities. Metaphors and image schema, the way our brain relies on narrative structures, the dynamic ability of the brain to blend old and new schemas, and the unparalleled creativity of the brain are all part of the approaches of the cognitive social science and humanities to social interaction, communication and creativity described here. The article also discusses the relationship between the more universal dimensions of the human mind and the question of cultural and social variations. The argument here is that a cognitive and more universal theory of human beings is not the same as determinism. On the contrary, when we understand our universal commonalities and the basic functions of our embodied mind we will also be better placed to understand cultural and social differences and variations.
Impact of population growth and population ethics on climate change mitigation policy
Authors: Scovronick Noah , Budolfson Mark B. , Dennig Francis , Fleurbaey Marc , Siebert Asher , Socolow Robert H. , Spears Dean , Wagner Fabian 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceWe investigate how future population growth is relevant to climate change policy. The answer depends importantly on ethical questions about whether our ultimate goal should be to increase the number of people who are happy or rather to increase the average level of people’s happiness. We calculate the best (optimal) emissions reduction pathway given each of these two different goals that society might have and calculate how much cheaper it would be to avoid dangerous interference with the climate given a smaller rather than a larger population. We also show that whether it is ultimately better to have a smaller population in response to climate change depends on which of these two goals society chooses.
Seasonally fluctuating selection can maintain polymorphism at many loci via segregation lift
Authors: Wittmann Meike J. , Bergland Alan O. , Feldman Marcus W. , Schmidt Paul S. , Petrov Dmitri A. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
A key question in evolutionary biology is: What maintains the abundant genetic variation observed in natural populations? Many organisms experience some seasonality in their habitats, and, if they have multiple generations per year, seasonally fluctuating selection is a potentially powerful mechanism to maintain polymorphism. However, previous research has argued that this occurs rarely. Inspired by recent empirical findings, we reevaluate the potential of seasonally fluctuating selection to simultaneously maintain polymorphism at many loci in the genome. We obtain a more general condition for the maintenance of multilocus polymorphism by seasonally fluctuating selection. This condition may plausibly be satisfied for many species and does not suffer from problems of previous models.
PRC2-mediated repression of SMARCA2 predicts EZH2 inhibitor activity in SWI/SNF mutant tumors
Authors: Januario Thomas , Ye Xiaofen , Bainer Russell , Alicke Bruno , Smith Tunde , Haley Benjamin , Modrusan Zora , Gould Stephen , Yauch Robert L. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Targeting epigenetic dependencies caused by mutations in chromatin-modifying enzymes represents a novel therapeutic approach in cancer. Notably, cancers harboring mutations in the SNF5 subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex have been shown to be susceptible to small-molecule inhibitors of the EZH2 histone methyltransferase that are currently in clinical development. We demonstrate that EZH2 inhibition can be effective in SMARCA4 mutant cancers that concurrently transcriptionally silence the paralog helicase SMARCA2. SMARCA2 is directly suppressed by EZH2, and SMARCA2 expression levels predict EZH2 inhibitor activity in other SWI/SNF mutant contexts, including ARID1A mutant tumors. These data provide insight into the utility of EZH2 inhibitors in SWI/SNF mutant tumors and have important implications regarding predictive diagnostics.
Brain network dynamics are hierarchically organized in time
Authors: Vidaurre Diego , Smith Stephen M. , Woolrich Mark W. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
We address the important question of the temporal organization of large-scale brain networks, finding that the spontaneous transitions between networks of interacting brain areas are predictable. More specifically, the network activity is highly organized into a hierarchy of two distinct metastates, such that transitions are more probable within, than between, metastates. One of these metastates represents higher order cognition, and the other represents the sensorimotor systems. Furthermore, the time spent in each metastate is subject-specific, is heritable, and relates to behavior. Although evidence of non–random-state transitions has been found at the microscale, this finding at the whole-brain level, together with its relation to behavior, has wide implications regarding the cognitive role of large-scale resting-state networks.
Two rice receptor-like kinases maintain male fertility under changing temperatures
Authors: Yu Junping , Han Jiaojiao , Kim Yu-Jin , Song Ming , Yang Zhen , He Yi , Fu Ruifeng , Luo Zhijing , Hu Jianping , Liang Wanqi , Zhang Dabing 
Published: October 2017

Significance
By affecting male fertility in crops, climate temperature change has a major impact on global food security. Here we show the role of two rice leucine-rich repeat–receptor-like kinases, TMS10 and TMS10L, which redundantly control male fertility under fluctuating temperatures. This finding provides insights into how plants overcome adversary temperature changes to achieve normal male fertility and a new genetic resource for crop hybrid seed production.
Parsing the roles of neck-linker docking and tethered head diffusion in the stepping dynamics of kinesin
Authors: Zhang Zhechun , Goldtzvik Yonathan , Thirumalai D. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Like all motors, the stepping of the two-headed conventional kinesin on the microtubule (MT) is facilitated by conformational changes in the motor domain upon ATP binding and hydrolysis. Numerous experiments have revealed that docking of the 13-residue neck linker (NL) to the motor domain of the leading head plays a critical role in propelling the trailing head toward the plus end of the microtubule by nearly 16 nm in a single step. Surprisingly, our molecular simulations reveal that nearly three-quarters of the step occur by stochastic diffusion of the trailing head. Docking of the NL restricts the extent of diffusion, thus forcing the motor to walk with overwhelming probability on a single protofilament of the MT.
Relevance of iPSC-derived human PGC-like cells at the surface of embryoid bodies to prechemotaxis migrating PGCs
Authors: Mitsunaga Shino , Odajima Junko , Yawata Shiomi , Shioda Keiko , Owa Chie , Isselbacher Kurt J. , Hanna Jacob H. , Shioda Toshi 
Published: October 2017

Significance
Human primordial germ cell-like cells (hPGCLCs) generated from pluripotent stem cells in vitro hold promise, with broad applications for studies of human germline cells. We show that hPGCLCs generated using several distinct protocols are transcriptomally comparable and that primed pluripotency human iPSCs gain competence to generate hPGCLCs after only 72 hours of reprogramming toward ERK-independent state-naïve pluripotency. hPGCLCs were localized in the outermost surface layer of embryoid bodies and strongly expressed CXCR4. Live cell imaging showed active migratory activity of hPGCLCs, and their exposure to the CXCR4 ligand CXCL12/SDF-1 induced enriched expression of promigratory genes and antiapoptotic genes. These results support the resemblance of hPGCLCs to prechemotaxis human embryonic primordial germ cells migrating in the midline region of embryos.
Sensing fluctuating airflow with spider silk
Authors: Zhou Jian , Miles Ronald N. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
We find nanodimensional spider silk captures airflow with maximum physical efficiency over an extremely wide frequency range from infrasound to ultrasound. The aerodynamic property of spider silk provides the sensitivity of an ideal resonator but without the usual bandwidth limitation. This provides an effective means for miniaturized flow sensing, surpassing the frequency response of hair-based flow sensors of animals, which has been pursued in past decades. The results are significant because they elucidate the highly responsive nature of materials such as spider silk. This bioinspired approach will be valuable to various disciplines which have been pursuing miniaturized flow measurement and control in various mediums (air, gas, liquid) and situations (from steady flow to highly fluctuating flow).
Catalysis of heat-to-work conversion in quantum machines
Authors: Ghosh A. , Latune C. L. , Davidovich L. , Kurizki G. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
The traditional (19th century) rules of thermodynamics were conceived for engines that convert heat into work. Recently, these rules have been scrutinized, assuming that the engines have quantum properties, but we still have no complete answer to the question: Are these rules then the same as the traditional ones? Here, we subject a “piston”—an oscillator that extracts work from the engine—to energy “pumping” that renders this oscillator quantum and nonlinear. We show that even weak pumping may strongly catalyze the heat-to-work conversion rate. This catalysis, analogous to its chemical-reaction counterpart, is a manifestation of “quantumness” in heat engines, yet it adheres to the traditional laws of thermodynamics.
Visual experience sculpts whole-cortex spontaneous infraslow activity patterns through an Arc-dependent mechanism
Authors: Kraft Andrew W. , Mitra Anish , Bauer Adam Q. , Snyder Abraham Z. , Raichle Marcus E. , Culver Joseph P. , Lee Jin-Moo 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceVisual critical periods are essential for shaping the normal mature responsiveness of visual cortex neurons; however, it is unclear whether early visual experience influences functional network organization. Here we demonstrate that monocular and binocular visual deprivation (MD and BD) have distinct effects on cortical functional connectivity (FC). MD induces FC changes restricted to the visual system, while BD results in widespread FC changes between disparate brain regions. These results suggest that early exposure to altered vision (MD) induces intranetwork change, but absent vision (BD) drives internetwork change, reminiscent of cross-modal plasticity. Moreover, this early experience-driven FC change was attenuated by deletion of Arc, a gene critical for synaptic plasticity, suggesting that network relationships are modulated by changes in synaptic strengths.
Giant boulders and Last Interglacial storm intensity in the North Atlantic
Authors: Rovere Alessio , Casella Elisa , Harris Daniel L. , Lorscheid Thomas , Nandasena Napayalage A. K. , Dyer Blake , Sandstrom Michael R. , Stocchi Paolo , D’Andrea William J. , Raymo Maureen E. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
The Last Interglacial was the last period of the Earth’s history when climate was warmer than preindustrial, with higher polar temperatures and higher sea levels. Based on geologic evidence in Bermuda and the Bahamas, studies suggest that during this period the North Atlantic was characterized by “superstorms” more intense than any observed historically. Here we present data and models showing that, under conditions of higher sea level, historically observed hurricanes can explain geologic features previously interpreted as evidence for more intense Last Interglacial storm activity. Our results suggest that, even without an increase in the intensity of extreme storms, cliffs and coastal barriers will be subject to significantly higher wave-induced energies under even modestly higher sea levels.
Efficacy of 12-mm Half-Duplex Passive Integrated Transponder Tags in Monitoring Fish Movements through Stationary Antenna Systems
Authors: Baker Cindy F. , Reeve Kathryn , Baars Dylan , Jellyman Don , Franklin Paul 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Globally, many freshwater fishes are declining in distribution and abundance, but for many species conservation measures are hindered by a limited knowledge of their ecology. Recent development of 12-mm half-duplex (HDX) passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags has broadened the potential application of this technology for studying habitat selection and migration of freshwater fishes. However, the limited read range of the smaller 12-mm PIT tags can limit their functionality in ecological studies. The present study used four migratory fish species to test the efficacy of different PIT antenna designs for detecting 12-mm HDX tags in small- and medium-sized rivers. Three types of pass-through antennae were created and coupled to either a single reader or multiplexor board. Across single-reader and multiplexor systems, the detection efficiencies for Giant Kokopu Galaxias argenteus, Shortfin Eel Anguilla australis, and New Zealand Longfin Eel Anguilla dieffenbachii ranged between 87% and 97%. Adult Pouched Lamprey Geotria australis also had a high detection rate of 74%, even though several other migration routes existed that were unmonitored. Overall, the present study shows that with appropriate antenna design, the 12-mm HDX PIT tag can be effective for monitoring a variety of fish species. Although the antennae in the present study had a maximum width of 6.1 m, the spaced double-coil antenna design may increase efficacy of the 12-mm tag in larger rivers.
Received April 27, 2017; accepted September 1, 2017 Published online October 30, 2017
Comparison of Two Viewing Methods for Estimating Largemouth Bass and Walleye Ages from Sectioned Otoliths and Dorsal Spines
Authors: Wegleitner Eric J. , Isermann Daniel A. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Many biologists use digital images for estimating ages of fish, but the use of images could lead to differences in age estimates and precision because image capture can produce changes in light and clarity compared to directly viewing structures through a microscope. We used sectioned sagittal otoliths from 132 Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides and sectioned dorsal spines and otoliths from 157 Walleyes Sander vitreus to determine whether age estimates and among-reader precision were similar when annuli were enumerated directly through a microscope or from digital images. Agreement of ages between viewing methods for three readers were highest for Largemouth Bass otoliths (75–89% among readers), followed by Walleye otoliths (63–70%) and Walleye dorsal spines (47–64%). Most discrepancies (72–96%) were ±1 year, and differences were more prevalent for age-5 and older fish. With few exceptions, mean ages estimated from digital images were similar to ages estimated via directly viewing the structures through the microscope, and among-reader precision did not vary between viewing methods for each structure. However, the number of disagreements we observed suggests that biologists should assess potential differences in age structure that could arise if images of calcified structures are used in the age estimation process.
Received May 26, 2017; accepted September 19, 2017Published online October 30, 2017
Application of FK Filtering for Coherent Noise Removal in High Frequency Shallow Marine Data
Authors: Herman Maman , Syahmi Hashim Hazwan , Abdul Latif Abdul Halim , Ghosh Deva P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The use of seismic reflection to study earth subsurface is commonly troubled by the presence of the coherent noise in the seismic data. This unwanted signal were generated by various sources and therefore had their own noise characteristic. The acquisition of the shallow marine seismic survey were done using a sparker source to obtain a high frequency seismic data. This however results in a stronger noise level in the recorded data. The application of FK filter were used to eliminate this unwanted noise using the data obtained from the Malacca Strait and Terengganu Bay. The result obtained prove to be successful in reducing the coherent noise while preserving the frequency content of the seismic data.
Measuring Price Risk in Rating Revenue Coverage: BS or No BS?
Authors: Goodwin Barry K , Harri Ardian , Rejesus Roderick M , Coble Keith H 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Black‐Scholes (BS) option pricing model has been a cornerstone of modern financial theories since its introduction by Black and Scholes (1973) and its subsequent refinement by Merton (1973). The model has realized widespread adoption for a number of purposes. Inherent in the model are a number of assumptions. An important and potentially restrictive assumption is that the underlying asset price is log–normally distributed. Among the many diverse uses of the BS model, the model and underlying theory are used to derive measurements of the variance of expected (harvest‐time) prices for use in rating revenue coverage in the federal crop insurance program. Revenue coverage currently accounts for about 80% of the total liability insured in the program. This liability frequently exceeds $100 billion and thus the accuracy of revenue premium rates is of vital importance. The use of the BS model by the Risk Management Agency (RMA) of the USDA has been the focus of recent criticisms of the program. Critics have argued in favor of retrospective measures of price variability that are based on historical price movements or have recommended other approaches to measuring price risk. This article reports on a contracted review of revenue insurance rating methodology commissioned by RMA. We evaluate a number of alternative approaches to measuring expected price variability, including several approaches recommended by critics of the federal program. Our results suggest that the BS model is preferred to recommended alternatives on the basis of numerous criteria.
Grandparenting in the United States
Authors: Meyer Madonna Harrington , Kandic Amra 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGrandparenting varies enormously in the United States and here we discuss that growing diversity. Relying on exchange and reciprocity, feminist, and political economic theoretical perspectives, we begin by exploring the increasing need for grandchild care and assistance in the United States and the dearth of federal and employer supports for working families. Assessing the impact of sociodemographic trends, notably the rise in single parenting and the increase in employment among grandparents, we assess the intensification of grandparenting. Then we turn to issues related to proximity, examining the pleasures and challenges of coresidential, custodial, long distance, and transnational grandparenting. Finally, we turn to the impact of grandparenting on the emotional, physical, and financial wellbeing of grandparents.
The Variation of the Fractional Maximal Function of a Radial Function
Authors: Luiro Hannes , Madrid José 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this article, we study the regularity of the non-centered fractional maximal operator $M_{\beta}$. As the main result, we prove that there exists $C(n,\beta)$ such that if $q=n/(n-\beta)$ and $f$ is radial function, then $\|DM_{\beta}f\|_{L^{q}({\mathbb{R}^n})}\leq C(n,\beta)\|Df\|_{L^{1}({\mathbb{R}^n})}$. The corresponding result was previously known only if $n=1$ or $\beta=0$. Our proofs are almost free from one-dimensional arguments. Therefore, we believe that the new approach may be very useful when trying to extend the result for all $f\in W^{1,1}({\mathbb{R}^n})$.