bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deployment of High Performance Packer for Extreme Gradients Hydraulic Fracturing Operations
Authors: Mittiga Vincenzo , Ahmed Sumair , Adnan Muhammad , Raja Hassan Nazir , Rashid Anwar 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The decline of the conventional resources and growth of industries worldwide are pushing governments to look into new horizons of energy. Drilling deeper into formations to explore hydrocarbons in extreme pressure and temperature conditions makes it difficult to utilize the services with conventional tools in such environments. Schlumberger has developed the HPHT Quartz Gauges and high performance packer which can cater to the aforementioned challenges, with a simplified tool string and robust design specifications.
As an initiative to explore new energy resources, Eni planned operations to develop hostile HT ultratight gas formations. Eni chose to test the ultratight gas formations before beginning its planned multiple hydraulic fracturing operations. The test string would require sturdy, vigorous downhole equipment designed to withstand challenging downhole conditions, including high bottomhole temperatures with high maximum pressure differential pressure and well deviation of 31°.
Considering the extreme reservoir conditions as well as the rigorous test design, the importance of using robust downhole reservoir test technologies in a simplified string design was of paramount importance.
Drilling Engineering Challenges in Commercial SAGD Well Design in Alberta
Authors: Knoll R. , Yeung K. C. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Recently, the field pilots in Canada using SAGD (Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage) technology have generated sufficient positive response to encourage commercial scale development in the Alberta Oil Sands Deposits. This will be a very interesting time for drilling engineers, since SAGD well pairs present some unique design and operational challenges.
This paper will attempt to review some of the drilling engineering challenges of generic SAGD well design in the Alberta setting, specifically, the need to cool the drilling mud to maintain hole stability, and the selection of slant or vertical intermediate hole section geometry.
Automatic Rotary Drilling Tools
Authors: Buker M. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Current technology limits the drilling of horizontal wells to utilizing steerable motor assemblies and MWD systems. Recent developments have lead to the successful introduction of automatic rotary drilling tools, or more commonly known as Rotary Steerable Tools. This technology greatly enhances the efficiency of horizontal drilling. Benefits attributable to automatic rotary drilling tools include increased ROP, elimination of sliding, improved hole cleaning, optimized bit selection, extended horizontal reach, improved tortuosity and complete closed loop systems.
The presentation will begin the presentation by describing the history of Rotary Steerable Tools. Why the tools were developed and who has been at the forefront of development. At this point the presentation will focus on the horizontal drilling market and how these tools in general have been instrumental in the successful completion of extended reach horizontal wells around the world. From here the focus will be on the tools that are available today. The presentation will describe the mechanical workings of the tools, electronics package and benefits of these tools when used in a horizontal application as opposed to a conventional bent housing mud motor and MWD drilling system. The discussion will conclude the discussion by explaining where the market is headed for horizontal drilling using Rotary Steerable Tool systems.
Paraconsistent argumentation schemes
Authors: Dunin-Kęplicz Barbara , Strachocka Alina 
Published: February 2016

Various types of everyday arguments are represented as argumentation schemes, originating from the Legal Argumentation literature. The recent achievements in this domain can be applied to multi-agent settings to enrich the paradigmatic aspects of communication and reasoning. Agents typically populate complex environments where incompleteness and inconsistency of information is rather a rule than exception. Although the problem how to tackle inconsistencies is already present in argumentation, a paraconsistent (that is, tolerating inconsistency) approach is still missing from the literature. The contribution of this research is a computationally-friendly framework for formalizing paraconsistent argumentation schemes. This is achieved by extending agent’s reasoning capabilities with non-deductive methods rooted in argumentation. To this end we provide a generic paraconsistent program template for implementation of various argumentation schemes. Our methodology is strongly influenced by ideas underlying 4QL: a four-valued, rule-based, Datalog¬¬-like query language. Thanks to its properties, the tractability of the solution (so hardly obtainable in logical modeling) has been reached. The paper concludes with examples of several paraconsistent argumentation schemes implemented in 4QL.
HEATING OF THE PARTIALLY IONIZED SOLAR CHROMOSPHERE BY WAVES IN MAGNETIC STRUCTURES
Authors: Shelyag S. , Khomenko E. , Vicente A. de , Przybylski D. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
In this paper, we show a “proof of concept” of the heating mechanism of the solar chromosphere due to wave dissipation caused by the effects of partial ionization. Numerical modeling of non-linear wave propagation in a magnetic flux tube, embedded in the solar atmosphere, is performed by solving a system of single-fluid quasi-MHD equations, which take into account the ambipolar term from the generalized Ohm’s law. It is shown that perturbations caused by magnetic waves can be effectively dissipated due to ambipolar diffusion. The energy input by this mechanism is continuous and shown to be more efficient than dissipation of static currents, ultimately leading to chromospheric temperature increase in magnetic structures.
Shortened Intervals during Heterologous Boosting Preserve Memory CD8 T Cell Function but Compromise Longevity
Authors: Thompson Emily A. , Beura Lalit K. , Nelson Christine E. , Anderson Kristin G. , Vezys Vaiva 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Developing vaccine strategies to generate high numbers of Ag-specific CD8 T cells may be necessary for protection against recalcitrant pathogens. Heterologous prime-boost-boost immunization has been shown to result in large quantities of functional memory CD8 T cells with protective capacities and long-term stability. Completing the serial immunization steps for heterologous prime-boost-boost can be lengthy, leaving the host vulnerable for an extensive period of time during the vaccination process. We show in this study that shortening the intervals between boosting events to 2 wk results in high numbers of functional and protective Ag-specific CD8 T cells. This protection is comparable to that achieved with long-term boosting intervals. Short-boosted Ag-specific CD8 T cells display a canonical memory T cell signature associated with long-lived memory and have identical proliferative potential to long-boosted T cells Both populations robustly respond to antigenic re-exposure. Despite this, short-boosted Ag-specific CD8 T cells continue to contract gradually over time, which correlates to metabolic differences between short- and long-boosted CD8 T cells at early memory time points. Our studies indicate that shortening the interval between boosts can yield abundant, functional Ag-specific CD8 T cells that are poised for immediate protection; however, this is at the expense of forming stable long-term memory.
Atmospheric circulation patterns associated with the variability of River Ammer floods: evidence from observed and proxy data
Authors: Rimbu Norel , Czymzik Markus , Ionita Monica , Lohmann Gerrit , Brauer Achim 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The relationship between the frequency of River Ammer floods (southern Germany) and atmospheric circulation variability is investigated based on observational Ammer River discharge data back to 1926 and a flood layer time series from varved sediments of the downstream Lake Ammer for the pre-instrumental period back to 1766. A composite analysis reveals that, at synoptic timescales, observed River Ammer floods are associated with enhanced moisture transport from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean towards the Ammer region, a pronounced trough over western Europe as well as enhanced potential vorticity at upper levels. We argue that this synoptic-scale configuration can trigger heavy precipitation and floods in the Ammer region. Interannual to multidecadal increases in flood frequency, as detected in the instrumental discharge record, are associated with a wave train pattern extending from the North Atlantic to western Asia, with a prominent negative center over western Europe. A similar atmospheric circulation pattern is associated with increases in flood layer frequency in the Lake Ammer sediment record during the pre-instrumental period. We argue that the complete flood layer time series from Lake Ammer sediments covering the last 5500 years contains information about atmospheric circulation variability on interannual to millennial timescales.
The WACMOS-ET project – Part 1: Tower-scale evaluation of four remote-sensing-based evapotranspiration algorithms
Authors: Michel D. , Jiménez C. , Miralles D. G. , Jung M. , Hirschi M. , Ershadi A. , Martens B. , McCabe M. F. , Fisher J. B. , Mu Q. , Seneviratne S. I. , Wood E. F. , Fernández-Prieto D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The WAter Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy – EvapoTranspiration (WACMOS-ET) project has compiled a forcing data set covering the period 2005–2007 that aims to maximize the exploitation of European Earth Observations data sets for evapotranspiration (ET) estimation. The data set was used to run four established ET algorithms: the Priestley–Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL), the Penman–Monteith algorithm from the MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) evaporation product (PM-MOD), the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) and the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM). In addition, in situ meteorological data from 24 FLUXNET towers were used to force the models, with results from both forcing sets compared to tower-based flux observations. Model performance was assessed on several timescales using both sub-daily and daily forcings. The PT-JPL model and GLEAM provide the best performance for both satellite- and tower-based forcing as well as for the considered temporal resolutions. Simulations using the PM-MOD were mostly underestimated, while the SEBS performance was characterized by a systematic overestimation. In general, all four algorithms produce the best results in wet and moderately wet climate regimes. In dry regimes, the correlation and the absolute agreement with the reference tower ET observations were consistently lower. While ET derived with in situ forcing data agrees best with the tower measurements (R2  =  0.67), the agreement of the satellite-based ET estimates is only marginally lower (R2  =  0.58). Results also show similar model performance at daily and sub-daily (3-hourly) resolutions. Overall, our validation experiments against in situ measurements indicate that there is no single best-performing algorithm across all biome and forcing types. An extension of the evaluation to a larger selection of 85 towers (model inputs resampled to a common grid to facilitate global estimates) confirmed the original findings.
The WACMOS-ET project – Part 2: Evaluation of global terrestrial evaporation data sets
Authors: Miralles D. G. , Jiménez C. , Jung M. , Michel D. , Ershadi A. , McCabe M. F. , Hirschi M. , Martens B. , Dolman A. J. , Fisher J. B. , Mu Q. , Seneviratne S. I. , Wood E. F. , Fernández-Prieto D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The WAter Cycle Multi-mission Observation Strategy – EvapoTranspiration (WACMOS-ET) project aims to advance the development of land evaporation estimates on global and regional scales. Its main objective is the derivation, validation, and intercomparison of a group of existing evaporation retrieval algorithms driven by a common forcing data set. Three commonly used process-based evaporation methodologies are evaluated: the Penman–Monteith algorithm behind the official Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) evaporation product (PM-MOD), the Global Land Evaporation Amsterdam Model (GLEAM), and the Priestley–Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory model (PT-JPL). The resulting global spatiotemporal variability of evaporation, the closure of regional water budgets, and the discrete estimation of land evaporation components or sources (i.e. transpiration, interception loss, and direct soil evaporation) are investigated using river discharge data, independent global evaporation data sets and results from previous studies. In a companion article (Part 1), Michel et al. (2016) inspect the performance of these three models at local scales using measurements from eddy-covariance towers and include in the assessment the Surface Energy Balance System (SEBS) model. In agreement with Part 1, our results indicate that the Priestley and Taylor products (PT-JPL and GLEAM) perform best overall for most ecosystems and climate regimes. While all three evaporation products adequately represent the expected average geographical patterns and seasonality, there is a tendency in PM-MOD to underestimate the flux in the tropics and subtropics. Overall, results from GLEAM and PT-JPL appear more realistic when compared to surface water balances from 837 globally distributed catchments and to separate evaporation estimates from ERA-Interim and the model tree ensemble (MTE). Nonetheless, all products show large dissimilarities during conditions of water stress and drought and deficiencies in the way evaporation is partitioned into its different components. This observed inter-product variability, even when common forcing is used, suggests that caution is necessary in applying a single data set for large-scale studies in isolation. A general finding that different models perform better under different conditions highlights the potential for considering biome- or climate-specific composites of models. Nevertheless, the generation of a multi-product ensemble, with weighting based on validation analyses and uncertainty assessments, is proposed as the best way forward in our long-term goal to develop a robust observational benchmark data set of continental evaporation.
Idiosyncratic Volatility and Cross-section of Stock Returns: Evidences from India
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Kumar Brajesh 
Published: February 2016

<p>The present study examines the cross-sectional pricing ability of idiosyncratic volatility (IV) in Indian stock market and investigates the relationship amongst expected idiosyncratic volatility (EI), unexpected idiosyncratic volatility (UI), and cross-section of stocks returns. The study uses ARIMA (2, 0, 1) model to IV into EI and UI. The stocks returns are regressed on IV, EI and UI using Newey-West (1987) corrections, in order to investigate their empirical relationship. The study finds that IV is positively related with stock returns. Further the IV significantly explains the cross-section of stock returns in Indian context. After imposing control over UI, as it is highly correlated with unexpected returns, the inter-temporal relationship between EI and expected returns turns out to be positive.</p>
Structural Inertia, Social Media and Organizational Change
Authors: Ababneh Musab 
Published: February 2016

<p class="ber"><span lang="EN-GB">The paper addresses structural inertia and radical change in countries which have suffered from stagnant inertial forces. In light of the punctuated equilibrium model, the paper introduces two propositions which suggest that such forces have established the necessary conditions for radical change. Also, social media networks have been a factor in creating such change by galvanizing protestors and by allowing them to share information, to organize, and to build support and momentum for the change process. </span></p>
Studying at UCL Institute of Archaeology
Authors: Frearson Charlotte , Rando Carolyn 
Published: February 2016

Ranked first in the UK for archaeology, for the fifth year in a row, in The Guardian University Guide League Tables, with a top score of 100/100.
Ranked in the top five for student satisfaction in The Complete University Guide 2016 League Table of UK archaeology departments (published in May 2015).
Twitter: @UCLarchaeology
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/UCLArchaeology_
String Teachers’ Practices and Attitudes Regarding Their Primary String Instrument in Settings Inside and Outside the Classroom
Authors: Pellegrino Kristen , Russell Joshua A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine string teachers’ (kindergarten-12th grade [K-12] school teachers, private lesson teachers, and collegiate teachers) practices and attitudes regarding their primary string instrument. Research questions included string teachers’ practices and attitudes regarding modeling on their primary string instrument inside the classroom and string teachers’ practices and attitudes regarding playing their primary string instrument outside the classroom. American String Teachers Association members (K-12 string teachers, private lesson teachers, and college-level string teachers) responded to a researcher-constructed questionnaire (N = 419, response rate = 37%). We found that most participants: (a) claimed to model for students many times a week to many times a day (86.04%); (b) believed benefits of modeling include being an effective teaching tool and positively affecting student motivation and student engagement; (c) reported playing their instrument outside the classroom at least a couple of times a week (75%); (d) reported performing at least one concert a year (94%), with 54% performing over 11 times a year; and (e) reported continuing music making because it was part of their identity (76%) and to keep skills sharp in order to model for students (59%). Findings from this study suggest that music making is an important aspect of string teachers’ (K-12 inservice teachers, private lesson teachers, and college teachers) personal and professional lives, connecting music making with their identity and perceptions of string student learning.
Three Beginning Music Teachers’ Understandings and Self-Perceptions of Micropolitical Literacy
Authors: Conway Colleen , Rawlings Jared 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine beginning music teachers’ understandings and selfperceptions of micropolitical literacy (Curry, Jaxon, Russell, Callahan, & Bicals, 2008). Using a qualitative interview design (Seidman, 2013), data included: (a) an initial e-mail survey completed by each participant, (b) two individual interviews with each participant, (c) an observation of the beginning music teacher, (d) one interview with a principal, (e) a focus group interview with all participating beginning music teachers, and (f) the researchers’ logs. Findings are presented in the following categories: (a) typical beginning music teacher challenges, (b) questions beginning teachers ask, (c) beginning teachers seek collegial assistance, (d) beginning teachers have a growing awareness of the need for micropolitical literacy, and (e) accountability and assessment. A discussion of each finding with connections to past literature is included after the presentation of findings.
Collegiate Musicians Learning to Improvise
Authors: Snell Alden H. , Azzara Christopher D. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
To continue our profession’s ongoing dialogue about the centrality of improvisation to music learning (State Education Agency Directors of Arts Education, 2014; National Association of Schools of Music, 2013; Task Force on the Undergraduate Music Major, 2014), we documented experiences of collegiate musicians learning to improvise. In this case study, we asked 4 participants enrolled in a 7-week improvisation course to (a) complete a brief demographic survey, (b) describe their experiences learning to improvise during 2 interviews, and (c) perform 2 improvisation course assignments. To establish validity, we triangulated findings from all 3 data sources. Participants (a) recalled few meaningful improvisation experiences prior to this course; (b) felt the process of learning to improvise taught in this course was sequential and logical; (c) perceived a positive effect of improvisation on their personal musicianship; and (d) identified the importance of overcoming fear of improvisation, becoming more open to the creative process and finding ways to improvise on a more regular basis. To improve their ability to improvise, participants identified the need to be less inhibited, less afraid of making mistakes, more willing to take musical chances, and willing to immerse themselves further in the improvisation process. Additional research is recommended to illuminate findings from this study.
Factors Influencing the Labor Force Participation of Married Women in the United States
Authors: Thamma-Apiroam Rewat 
Published: February 2016

<p class="a"><span lang="EN-US">This paper examines the factors that influence the labor force participation of married women in the United States during 1975-2002, using multiple regressions with log specification. The results show that women earnings and life expectancy of women are not satisfactory indicators of whether married women should join the labor force. Nonetheless, there exist strong relationships between the decisions to work and men’s income, unemployment rate, consumer durable goods to GDP ratio, women’s schooling as well as divorce rate. </span></p>
Self-disturbance in the National Medium after 36 Years of the Islamic Revolution
Authors: Dehaghi Ali Asghar Amini 
Published: February 2016

<p>Self-disturbance of the Iranian national medium, after 36 years of the Islamic Revolution, could be due to the structural and software effects of the political-religious culture ruling the community. In particular, the structural effect of bureaucracy on the structural system of the national medium has created self-disturbance in this medium. The content and meaning of this medium is, more than any other thing, dominated by the traditional media such as mosques, Hossainies, clergymen, and the descendants of Imams Etc. which are mostly provided by religious clergymen. In addition, the presence of the clergy on top of the pyramid of power has caused the procedure of the national medium which moves based on the patterns of modernity to be manifested as its religious-traditional content and meaning being influenced by and against secularism. This is why the national medium, in spite of the lack of any serious domestic rival, is incapable of global competition in the field of plurality of Persian speaking media. As a result several factors arising from the cultural-religious as well as political spheres have provided self-disturbance in the Iranian national medium. </p>