bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fishing‐gear restrictions and biomass gains for coral reef fishes in marine protected areas
Authors: Campbell Stuart J. , Edgar Graham J. , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Soler German , Bates Amanda E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConsiderable empirical evidence supports recovery of reef fish populations with fishery closures. In countries where full exclusion of people from fishing may be perceived as inequitable, fishing‐gear restrictions on nonselective and destructive gears may offer socially relevant management alternatives to build recovery of fish biomass. Even so, few researchers have statistically compared the responses of tropical reef fisheries to alternative management strategies. We tested for the effects of fishery closures and fishing gear restrictions on tropical reef fish biomass at the community and family level. We conducted 1,396 underwater surveys at 617 unique sites across a spatial hierarchy within 22 global marine ecoregions that represented 5 realms. We compared total biomass across local fish assemblages and among 20 families of reef fishes inside marine protected areas (MPAs) with different fishing restrictions: no‐take, hook‐and‐line fishing only, several fishing gears allowed, and sites open to all fishing gears. We included a further category representing remote sites, where fishing pressure is low. As expected, full fishery closures, (i.e., no‐take zones) most benefited community‐ and family‐level fish biomass in comparison with restrictions on fishing gears and openly fished sites. Although biomass responses to fishery closures were highly variable across families, some fishery targets (e.g., Carcharhinidae and Lutjanidae) responded positively to multiple restrictions on fishing gears (i.e., where gears other than hook and line were not permitted). Remoteness also positively affected the response of community‐level fish biomass and many fish families. Our findings provide strong support for the role of fishing restrictions in building recovery of fish biomass and indicate important interactions among fishing‐gear types that affect biomass of a diverse set of reef fish families.
Feasibility, symptoms, adverse effects, and complications associated with noninvasive assessment of coronary flow velocity reserve in women with suspected or known coronary artery disease
Authors: Montisci Roberta , Ruscazio Massimo , Marchetti Maria Francesca , Tuveri Francesca , Cacace Cristina , Congia Michela , Zedda Norma , Meloni Luigi 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundMicrovascular coronary impairment, defined as reduced coronary flow reserve, represents the predominant etiologic mechanism of ischemia in women with chest pain and no obstructive coronary artery disease. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is a noninvasive method for assessing coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) in the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The purpose of this investigation was to define the safety profile, feasibility, adverse events, and rate of complications of the test in women with suspected CAD.MethodsWe evaluated CFVR in LAD with TTE during adenosine infusion in 1455 women aged 66.4±11.9 years.ResultsA complete CFVR study was achieved in 1429 pts (feasibility 98.2%), the test being performed also in the early phase of acute coronary syndrome and on obese patients. Minor symptoms or adverse effects occurred in 43.7% of patients not requiring test termination: hyperpnea (16.7%), flushing (9.4%), atypical chest pain (9.9%), headache (6.6%), minor arrhythmias (2.9%), chest pain with EKG changes (1.5%) were the symptoms reported. No major complications were observed.ConclusionsNoninvasive assessment of CFVR in LAD by TTE is a very feasible method with very low incidence of adverse events and complications in women with suspected or known CAD. It is safe and can be used when evaluating female patients with atherosclerotic LAD disease or with coronary microvascular impairment.
Updated meta‐analysis of CMYA5 rs3828611 and rs4704591 with schizophrenia in Asian populations
Authors: Hoya Satoshi , Watanabe Yuichiro , Shibuya Masako , Someya Toshiyuki 
Published: August 2017

AimTwo single‐nucleotide polymorphisms, rs3828611 and rs4704591, in the cardiomyopathy‐associated protein 5 (CMYA5) gene have been extensively investigated for associations with schizophrenia in Asian populations, but with conflicting results. To assess the collective evidence across individual studies, we conducted an updated meta‐analysis.MethodsWe performed a random‐effect model meta‐analysis of the associations of rs3828611 and rs4704591 with schizophrenia using seven case–control samples from Asian populations (8074 patients and 8139 controls).ResultsThe meta‐analysis indicated that rs3828611 and rs4704591 were not significantly associated with schizophrenia (odds ratios [OR] = 0.93, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.85–1.01 and OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.93–1.05, respectively).ConclusionsOur meta‐analysis did not provide evidence supporting a contribution of CMYA5 rs3828611 and rs4704591 to schizophrenia susceptibility in Asian populations.
Preoperative medication use and its association with postoperative length of hospital stay in surgical oncology patients receiving comprehensive geriatric assessment
Authors: Jeong Young Mi , Lee Kyung Eun , Lee Eun Sook , Kim Kwang Ill , Chung Jee Eun , Lee Byung Koo , Gwak Hye Sun 
Published: August 2017

AimThe present study aimed to investigate whether preoperative medication use is associated with postoperative length of hospital stay in older adults undergoing cancer surgery.MethodsPatients aged ≥65 years who were scheduled for cancer surgery and presented for preoperative comprehensive geriatric assessment were included in the present study. Cognitive function evaluation and preoperative medication review were carried out, as well as baseline characteristics of participants collected from electronic medical records. The primary efficacy variable was the postoperative length of stay (LOS) in hospital.ResultsA total of 475 cancer patients were included for the analysis. Baseline characteristics of participants including older age, lower body mass index (BMI) and male sex were associated with longer postoperative stay. Among the clinical variables, cancer type, number of medications, potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) and delirium‐inducing medication were found as statistically significant factors for postoperative LOS. In multivariate analysis, variables independently associated with postoperative LOS were cancer type, PIM use, BMI, and the number of medications after controlling for age, BMI, sex, cancer type, the number of medications, PIM, and delirium‐inducing medication. In subgroup analysis of gastrointestinal cancer, multiple linear regression analysis showed that PIM use and BMI were significantly associated with LOS after adjustment for age, sex, and number of medication.ConclusionsThe present study supports the impact of medication use on postoperative LOS in geriatric oncology patients. The results add a further aspect to medication optimization in older patients undergoing cancer surgery. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2018; 18: 12–19.
PERSEPT 1: a phase 3 trial of activated eptacog beta for on‐demand treatment of haemophilia inhibitor‐related bleeding
Authors: Wang M. , Lawrence J. B. , Quon D. V. , Ducore J. , Simpson M. L. , Boggio L. N. , Mitchell I. S. , Yuan G. , Alexander W. A. , Schved J.‐F. 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionHaemophilia A or B patients with inhibitors have been treated with FVIIa‐containing bypassing agents for over 20 years. However, due to uncertainty regarding dose response and thrombotic risk, the use of a gradual, titrated, minimal dosing strategy remains prevalent, potentially hampering early haemostasis.AimEvaluate the dose‐dependent efficacy, safety and immunogenicity of activated eptacog beta (rhFVIIa), a new recombinant inhibitor bypassing agent for the treatment of bleeding episodes (BEs).MethodsA Phase 3, randomized, cross‐over study of initial dose regimens (IDRs) in 27 bleeding congenital haemophilia A or B subjects with inhibitors was conducted to evaluate on‐demand treatment of mild/moderate BEs. Intravenous 75 μg/kg or 225 μg/kg initial doses with 75 μg/kg subsequent doses by schedule were administered until clinical response.ResultsThe primary endpoint was sustained clinical response within 12 hours, determined by a composite of objective and pain measures. In the 75 μg/kg IDR, 84.9% (95% CI; 74.0%, 95.7%) of mild/moderate BEs at 12 hours were successfully treated compared to 93.2% (95% CI; 88.1%, 98.3%) treated in the 225 μg/kg IDR. Efficacy between the IDRs was statistically different (P<.020) in mild/moderate bleeding episodes. Both IDRs were well tolerated with no detectable immunogenic or thrombotic responses to rhFVIIa or host cell proteins.ConclusionThe dose‐dependent efficacy seen in this study supports individualizing the initial dose of eptacog beta to optimize clinical response. By reducing uncertainty, the PERSEPT 1 results should increase the adoption of early haemostasis as a treatment goal for clinicians who treat haemorrhage in the inhibitor population.
MicroRNAs are differentially abundant during Aedes albopictus diapause maintenance but not diapause induction
Authors: Batz Z. A. , Goff A. C. , Armbruster P. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDiapause is a programmed dormancy that allows organisms to tolerate predictable periods of unfavourable conditions by temporarily halting development and reducing metabolism. Diapause is widespread amongst insects and is crucial for allowing organisms to coordinate their growth and reproduction with favourable environmental conditions. Although the adaptive significance of diapause is well understood, the molecular mechanisms underpinning diapause remain unresolved. We performed high‐throughput sequencing to investigate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the diapause of the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. We first investigated miRNAs in diapause induction by characterizing maternally provisioned miRNAs in mature oocytes of Ae. albopictus under diapause‐inducing and diapause‐averting conditions. Second, we investigated miRNAs in diapause maintenance by characterizing miRNAs in diapause and nondiapause pharate larvae. We identified 162 miRNAs, 152 previously known and 10 putatively novel. We identified no differentially abundant miRNAs in mature oocytes and seven differentially abundant miRNAs in pharate larvae. The predicted targets of differentially abundant miRNAs include genes affecting several processes related to diapause maintenance including ecdysone regulation, immune response, lipid metabolism and regulation of development. Our results suggest that Ae. albopictus does not maternally provision a unique set of miRNAs during diapause induction but miRNAs are a component of diapause maintenance in this species.
Riders in the sky (islands): Using a mega‐phylogenetic approach to understand plant species distribution and coexistence at the altitudinal limits of angiosperm plant life
Authors: Marx Hannah E. , Dentant Cédric , Renaud Julien , Delunel Romain , Tank David C. , Lavergne Sébastien 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimPlants occurring on high‐alpine summits are generally expected to persist due to adaptations to extreme selective forces caused by the harshest climates where angiosperm life is known to thrive. We assessed the relative effects of this strong environmental filter and of other historical and stochastic factors driving plant community structure in very high‐alpine conditions.LocationEuropean Alps, Écrins National Park, France.MethodsUsing species occurrence data collected from floristic surveys on 15 summits (2,791–4,102 m a.s.l.) throughout the Écrins range, along with existing molecular sequence data obtained from GenBank, we used a mega‐phylogenetic approach to evaluate the phylogenetic structure of high‐alpine plant species assemblages. We used three nested species pools and two null models to address the importance of species‐specific and species‐neutral processes for driving coexistence.ResultsCompared with the entire species pool of the study region, alpine summits exhibited a strong signal of phylogenetic clustering. Restricting statistical sampling to environmentally and historically defined species pools reduced the significance of this pattern. However, we could not reject a model that explicitly incorporates neutral colonization and local extinction in shaping community structure for dominant plant orders. Between summits, phylogenetic turnover was generally lower than expected. Environmental drivers did not explain overall phylogenetic patterns, but we found significant geographical and climatic structure in phylogenetic diversity at finer taxonomic scales.Main conclusionsAlthough we found evidence for strong phylogenetic clustering within alpine summits, we were not able to reject models of species‐neutral processes to explain patterns of floristic diversity. Our results suggest that plant community structure in high‐alpine regions can also be shaped by neutral processes, and not through the sole action of environmental selection as traditionally assumed for harsh and stressful environments.
Cutaneous leishmaniasis by Leishmania infantum: behind granulomatous lesions of unknown aetiology
Authors: Merino‐Espinosa G. , Corpas‐López V. , Díaz‐Sáez V. , Morillas‐Márquez F. , Tercedor‐Sánchez J. , Azaña‐Defez J.M. , López‐Hidalgo J. , Aneiros‐Fernández J. , Martín‐Sánchez J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundCutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is underestimated in Spain as in other European countries due to the polymorphism of its clinical manifestations and histopathological features discouraging doctors from suspecting leishmaniasis. Mucosal manifestations (ML) are misdiagnosed due to the fact that they often mimic cancer.ObjectivesGiven that leishmaniasis may be masked as different granulomatous diseases in Leishmania infantum endemic areas, the aim of this study was to verify this misdiagnosing and contributes to the improvement of CL/ML diagnosis.MethodsA retrospective study involving formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissue biopsies with histopathological features of granulomatous lesions of unknown origin (GLUO) detected in 17 patients. This study included 13 patients with CL that was used as positive controls, nine patients with other confirmed diseases used as negative controls and seven patients with histological features suggestive of CL or ML without confirmation. Molecular analysis was blindly performed using two different PCR techniques.ResultsThe PCR detected 15 CL cases in which the diagnosis was neither clinically nor histologically suspected. Leishmaniasis was confirmed in seven suspected patients in whom the classical techniques failed to detect the parasite. L. infantum was identified in all cases. A systematic review of CL cases in GLUO patients from European countries identified 45 reported cases.ConclusionsIn L. infantum endemic areas, a high percentage of GLUO are due to Leishmania infection. The main consequences are delayed diagnosis and underestimation of the real incidence. PCR performed on paraffin‐embedded tissue proved to be a reliable tool for diagnosis of CL/ML and must be performed routinely in any granulomatous dermatitis, even when the morphological features are no stereotypical of leishmaniasis.
Efficacious Holidays: The Therapeutic Dimensions of Pleasure and Discipline in Czech Respiratory Spas
Authors: Trnka Susanna 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAs evidence‐based medicine has increasingly become the standard for assessing the efficacy of health care, the Czech Republic finds itself in a dilemma, with centuries of sanatorium‐style spa treatments resisting easy categorization. Despite some critics’ contentions that spas are “pointless holidays” and reductions in government funding of health spas, in 2014 Czech courts affirmed every Czech citizen's right to spa treatments if their health status merits it. Drawing on research in two children's respiratory spas, this article considers the experiences of patients aged 2–15 and their accompanying parents or guardians (mainly mothers) to suggest that in addition to the range of therapeutic procedures highlighted within spa cures, more amorphous aspects—such as pleasure and discipline—may be just as central to spas’ successes. Indeed, as some spa physicians contend, spas may be considered a “package deal,” to which EBM criteria is not easily applied.
Scheduling Optimization of Linear Schedule with Constraint Programming
Authors: Tang Yuanjie , Liu Rengkui , Wang Futian , Sun Quanxin , Kandil Amr A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn recent decades, construction project scheduling optimization has received extensive attention from the research community. However, the most commonly used scheduling approach, the critical path method, is often inapplicable to transportation‐type linear projects. Recently, the linear scheduling method (LSM) has demonstrated many advantages for such projects and has become a popular research subject. As a relatively novel scheduling method, LSM requires further improvement, as there are restrictions associated with the scheduling/optimization of linear projects. By analyzing results from previous studies, we propose a unique three‐element mode, a description method for LSM's logical relationships and constraints system. An LSM‐based scheduling optimization model based on constraint satisfaction problems and constraint programming is then proposed that could be used in classical scheduling optimization problems with flexibility, practicability, and solution superiority. The proposed model is verified using three practical transportation construction projects. Verification under six optimization scenarios demonstrates the advantages of our approach.
Practice activities of privately‐practicing nurse practitioners: Results from an Australian survey
Authors: Currie Jane , Chiarella Mary , Buckley Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTo facilitate expansion of privately‐practicing nurse practitioners in community and primary care settings, a legislative amendment in 2010 made privately‐practicing nurse practitioners eligible to provide services subsidised through the Medicare Benefits Schedule and the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme. To evaluate their practice activities, a national survey of privately‐practicing nurse practitioners in Australia was conducted, and data analysed using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis (n = 73). As part of their role, 96% (n = 70) participants reported undertaking direct patient care, 95% (n = 69) patient education and health promotion, 95% (n = 69) prescribed medications, 92% (n = 67) referred patients for diagnostic investigations, and 88% (n = 64) reported making a diagnosis. Over 50% of participants saw up to 15 patients daily, and 80% (n = 58) treated the same patients on a regular basis. Of the participants, 59% (n = 43) perceived that they worked to their full scope of practice. The mainstay of privately‐practicing nurse practitioner services is provision of direct patient care in community and primary healthcare settings, suggesting they have emerging potential in addressing the ever‐increasing demand for healthcare in Australia.
Influence of food on the gastric motor effect of the Kampo medicine rikkunshito in rat
Authors: Nahata M. , Mizuhara Y. , Sadakane C. , Watanabe J. , Fujitsuka N. , Hattori T. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundRikkunshito, one of the Kampo medicines, is widely prescribed as a remedy for various upper gastrointestinal syndromes. The effect of rikkunshito is related to endogenous ghrelin and its active ingredient atractylodin enhances ghrelin receptor signaling. Kampo medicines are traditionally administered before or between meals; however, no definitive benefit of the timing of administration has been proven yet. To clarify the influence of food on the pharmacological action of rikkunshito, we investigated the gastric motor activity and pharmacokinetic profiles of atractylodin after the administration of rikkunshito in fasted and fed rats.MethodsPhase III‐like contractions in the gastric antrum after an injection of ghrelin were measured using a strain gauge force transducer. Rikkunshito was administered to rats during fasting or after a nutrient test meal. Ghrelin was injected 30 minutes later and gastric motility was evaluated. Furthermore, after rikkunshito administration, the pharmacokinetic profiles of atractylodin in the plasma and brain of fasted and free‐fed rats were assessed.Key ResultsRikkunshito administration potentiated ghrelin‐induced phase III‐like contractions under fasting conditions. This effect was attenuated in animals fed a test meal. Atractylodin was detected pharmacokinetically in the plasma and brain after rikkunshito administration in rats, and free‐fed rats exhibited a decreased maximum concentration of plasma atractylodin and a delayed time to reach the maximum concentration.Conclusions & InferencesWe show that the pharmacological action of rikkunshito is influenced by food in rats. The efficacy of rikkunshito may be associated with decreased absorption of its active ingredient atractylodin when food is in the stomach.
Mosaics often outperform pyramids: insights from a model comparing strategies for the deployment of plant resistance genes against viruses in agricultural landscapes
Authors: Djidjou‐Demasse Ramses , Moury Benoît , Fabre Frédéric 
Published: August 2017

Summary

The breakdown of plant virus resistance genes is a major issue in agriculture. We investigated whether a set of resistance genes would last longer when stacked into a single plant cultivar (pyramiding) or when deployed individually in regional mosaics (mosaic strategy).

We modeled the genetic and epidemiological processes shaping the demogenetic dynamics of viruses under a multilocus gene‐for‐gene system, from the plant to landscape scales. The landscape consisted of many fields, was subject to seasonality, and of a reservoir hosting viruses year‐round.

Strategy performance depended principally on the fitness costs of adaptive mutations, epidemic intensity before resistance deployment and landscape connectivity. Mosaics were at least as good as pyramiding strategies in most production situations tested. Pyramiding strategies performed better only with slowly changing virus reservoir dynamics. Mosaics are more versatile than pyramiding strategies, and we found that deploying a mosaic of three to five resistance genes generally provided effective disease control, unless the epidemics were driven mostly by within‐field infections.

We considered the epidemiological and evolutionary mechanisms underlying the greater versatility of mosaics in our case study, with a view to providing breeders and growers with guidance as to the most appropriate deployment strategy.