bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deletion of Lactate Dehydrogenase-A in Myeloid Cells Triggers Antitumor Immunity
Authors: Seth Pankaj , Csizmadia Eva , Hedblom Andreas , Vuerich Marta , Xie Han , Li Mailin , Longhi Maria Serena , Wegiel Barbara 
Published: April 2017

AbstractImmunometabolism is emerging as a critical determinant of cancer pathophysiology. In this study, we explored the contributions of macrophage-expressed lactate dehydrogenase-A (LDH-A) to tumor formation in a K-Ras murine model of lung carcinoma. Myeloid-specific deletion of LDH-A promoted accumulation of macrophages with a CD86high and MCP-1high M1-like phenotype that suppressed tumor growth. This phenotypic effect was accompanied by reduced VEGF expression and angiogenesis, diminished numbers of PD-L1+ cancer cells, increased numbers of CD3+ T cells, and activation status of CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, it was associated with more pronounced antitumor T-cell immunity via induction of IL17 and IFNγ-producing CD8+ T (Tc17 and Tc1) cells, likely via suppression of lactate-driven PD-L1 expression. Our results suggest that expressions of LDH-A and lactate by macrophage in the tumor microenvironment are major drivers of T-cell immunosuppression, strongly supporting the concept of targeting stromal LDH-A as an effective strategy to blunt tumoral immune escape. Cancer Res; 77(13); 3632–43. ©2017 AACR.
Seasonal Variability in Warm-Water Inflow toward Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord
Authors: Gelderloos Renske , Haine Thomas W. N. , Koszalka Inga M. , Magaldi Marcello G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSeasonal variability in pathways of warm-water masses toward the Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord (KF)–Glacier (KG) system, southeast Greenland, is investigated by backtracking Lagrangian particles seeded at the fjord mouth in a high-resolution regional ocean model simulation in the ice-free and the ice-covered seasons. The waters at KF are a mixture of Atlantic-origin water advected from the Irminger Basin [Faxaflói (FF)], the deep waters from the Denmark Strait, and the waters from the Arctic Ocean, both represented by the Kögur section (KO). Below 200-m depth, the warm water is a mixture of FF and KO water masses and is warmer in winter than in summer. The authors find that seasonal differences in pathways double the fraction of FF particles in winter, causing the seasonal warming and salinification. Seasonal temperature variations at the upstream sections (FF and KO) have a negligible impact on temperature variations near the fjord. Successful monitoring of heat flux to the fjord therefore needs to take place close to the fjord and cannot be inferred from upstream conditions.
Frontal Circulation and Submesoscale Variability during the Formation of a Southern Ocean Mesoscale Eddy
Authors: Adams Katherine A. , Hosegood Philip , Taylor John R. , Sallée Jean-Baptiste , Bachman Scott , Torres Ricardo , Stamper Megan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObservations made in the Scotia Sea during the May 2015 Surface Mixed Layer Evolution at Submesoscales (SMILES) research cruise captured submesoscale, O(1–10) km, variability along the periphery of a mesoscale O(10–100) km meander precisely as it separated from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and formed a cyclonic eddy ~120 km in diameter. The meander developed in the Scotia Sea, an eddy-rich region east of the Drake Passage where the Subantarctic and Polar Fronts converge and modifications of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) occur. In situ measurements reveal a rich submesoscale structure of temperature and salinity and a loss of frontal integrity along the newly formed southern sector of the eddy. A mathematical framework is developed to estimate vertical velocity from collocated drifter and horizontal water velocity time series, under certain simplifying assumptions appropriate for the current dataset. Upwelling (downwelling) rates of O(100) m day−1 are found in the northern (southern) eddy sector. Favorable conditions for submesoscale instabilities are found in the mixed layer, particularly at the beginning of the survey in the vicinity of density fronts. Shallower mixed layer depths and increased stratification are observed later in the survey on the inner edge of the front. Evolution in temperature–salinity (T–S) space indicates modification of water mass properties in the upper 200 m over 2 days. Modifications along σθ = 27–27.2 kg m−3 have climate-related implications for mode and intermediate water transformation in the Scotia Sea on finer spatiotemporal scales than observed previously.
Analyzing Simulated Convective Bursts in Two Atlantic Hurricanes. Part I: Burst Formation and Development
Authors: Hazelton Andrew T. , Rogers Robert F. , Hart Robert E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the structure and evolution of the tropical cyclone (TC) inner core remains an elusive challenge in tropical meteorology, especially the role of transient asymmetric features such as localized strong updrafts known as convective bursts (CBs). This study investigates the formation of CBs and their role in TC structure and evolution using high-resolution simulations of two Atlantic hurricanes (Dean in 2007 and Bill in 2009) with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model.Several different aspects of the dynamics and thermodynamics of the TC inner-core region are investigated with respect to their influence on TC convective burst development. Composites with CBs show stronger radial inflow in the lowest 2 km, and stronger radial outflow from the eye to the eyewall around z = 2–4 km, than composites without CBs. Asymmetric vorticity associated with eyewall mesovortices appears to be a major factor in some of the radial flow anomalies that lead to CB development. The anomalous outflow from these mesovortices, along with outflow from supergradient parcels above the boundary layer, favors low-level convergence and also appears to mix high-θe air from the eye into the eyewall. Analyses of individual CBs and parcel trajectories show that parcels are pulled into the eye and briefly mix with the eye air. The parcels then rapidly move outward into the eyewall, and quickly ascend in CBs, in some cases with vertical velocities of over 20 m s−1. These results support the importance of horizontal asymmetries in forcing extreme asymmetric vertical velocity in tropical cyclones.
Patient Safety and Quality Improvement in Otolaryngology Education: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gettelfinger John D. , Paulk P. Barrett , Schmalbach Cecelia E. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThe breadth and depth of patient safety/quality improvement (PS/QI) research dedicated to otolaryngology–head and neck surgery (OHNS) education remains unknown. This systematic review aims to define this scope and to identify knowledge gaps as well as potential areas of future study to improved PS/QI education and training in OHNS.Data SourcesA computerized Ovid/Medline database search was conducted (January 1, 1965, to May 15, 2015). Similar computerized searches were conducted using Cochrane Database, PubMed, and Google Scholar.Review MethodsThe study protocol was developed a priori using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA). Articles were classified by year, subspecialty, Institute of Medicine (IOM) Crossing the Chasm categories, and World Health Organization (WHO) subclass.ResultsComputerized searches yielded 8743 eligible articles, 267 (3.4%) of which met otolaryngology PS/QI inclusion criteria; 51 (19%) were dedicated to resident/fellow education and training. Simulation studies (39%) and performance/competency evaluation (23.5%) were the most common focus. Most projects involved general otolaryngology (47%), rhinology (18%), and otology (16%). Classification by the IOM included effective care (45%), safety/effective care (41%), and effective and efficient care (7.8%). Most research fell into the WHO category of “identifying solutions” (61%).ConclusionNineteen percent of OHNS PS/QI articles are dedicated to education, the majority of which are simulation and focus on effective care. Knowledges gaps for future research include facial plastics PS/QI and the WHO category of “studies translating evidence into safer care.”
Smoking addiction: the shift from head to hands: Approach bias towards smoking-related cues in low-dependent versus dependent smokers
Authors: Detandt Sandrine , Bazan Ariane , Quertemont Etienne , Verbanck Paul 
Published: April 2017

The dual process theory is central to several models of addiction, implying both an increase of stimulus salience and deficits in inhibitory control. Our major aim is to provide behavioral evidence for an approach bias tendency in smokers and more specifically during smoking cue exposure. The second aim is to examine whether this bias differs in low-dependent versus dependent smokers. Thirty-two smokers (17 low dependent and 15 dependent; cut-off FTND of 4) and 28 non-smokers performed a modified Go/NoGo task using tobacco-related words and neutral words as stimuli. Smokers generally made more mistakes and tended to be faster for smoking-related cues specifically. Low dependents acknowledged more their dependency in declarative questionnaires while making more errors and being slower specifically on smoking cues; dependent smokers were less prone to indicate their addiction, but were faster and accurate when it came to picking the smoking cues. These results suggest that a shift has operated from a mental preoccupation with smoking in the low-dependent group, to smoking as a motor habit in our dependent group. This finding invites experts to rethink smoking addiction in the light of this crucial moment, namely, the shift “from head to hands”.
Subtotal resection of vestibular schwannoma: Evaluation with Ki-67 measurement, magnetic resonance imaging, and long-term observation
Authors: Iannella Giannicola , de Vincentiis Marco , Di Gioia Cira , Carletti Raffaella , Pasquariello Benedetta , Manno Alessandra , Angeletti Diletta , Savastano Ersilia , Magliulo Giuseppe 
Published: April 2017

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare the postoperative clinical and radiological data of patients with vestibular schwannomas who were initially managed by near total resection (NTR) or subtotal resection (STR). The Ki-67 analysis results were compared with tumor regrowth to determine the presence of a correlation between this proliferative index and postoperative tumor regrowth. Study Design Seventeen adult patients (7 male, 10 female) were retrospectively reviewed. Nine (52.9%) and eight (47.1%) patients underwent NTR and STR, respectively. Postoperative clinical and radiological data associated with vestibular schwannoma growth were compared with the Ki-67 immunohistochemical analysis results. Results Evidence of clinically significant regrowth was observed in four (23.5%) patients. Patients who underwent NTR had a lower rate/incidence of tumor regrowth than did patients who underwent STR. Patients with a higher Ki-67 index had the highest tumor regrowth rates. Conclusions Our study indicates that assessment of the Ki-67 index may be useful for determining the probability of regrowth of vestibular schwannomas when only partial removal is accomplished.
Preseason Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms and Prospective Injury Risk in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Li Hongmei , Moreland Jennifer J. , Peek-Asa Corinne , Yang Jingzhen 
Published: April 2017

Background: Psychological risk factors are increasingly recognized as important in sport-related injury prevention. Understanding how these psychological factors may affect the risk of injuries could help design effective prevention programs. Purpose: To determine the effect of reported preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms on the risk of injuries during a prospective season in a cohort of collegiate athletes. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Collegiate athletes participating in 4 men’s sports and 5 women’s sports from 2 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I universities were enrolled and prospectively followed during the 2007-2011 seasons. Preseason anxiety and depressive symptoms were measured at enrollment. Injuries occurring during the season were reported by certified athletic trainers. The injury incidence rate was calculated as the total number of injuries divided by the total number of athlete-exposures (ie, games and practices). Results: Of 958 enrolled athletes (response rate of 90.3%), 389 (40.6%) athletes sustained a total of 597 injuries. At preseason, 276 (28.8%) athletes reported anxiety symptoms, and 208 (21.7%) reported depressive symptoms. Among athletes reporting any of these symptoms, 48.5% (n = 158) reported having both anxiety and depressive symptoms. Athletes with preseason anxiety symptoms had a significantly higher injury incidence rate compared with athletes without anxiety symptoms (rate ratio [RR], 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0-2.6), adjusting for age, race, body mass index, history of injuries 12 months before baseline, and university attended, and this was observed for both male and female athletes. Only male athletes who reported co-occurring preseason depressive and anxiety symptoms had a significantly increased injury risk (RR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.6-2.6) compared with male athletes who reported no co-occurring symptoms. However, no such increase in the injury risk was observed among female athletes or male athletes who reported preseason depressive symptoms but no anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Athletes with anxiety symptoms at preseason were at an increased risk of injuries during the prospective season. Targeted programs could focus on psychological health and injury prevention for athletes, especially for those exhibiting symptoms at preseason.
Results of a Randomized Trial on an Intervention Promoting Adoption of Occupational Sun Protection Policies
Authors: Buller David B. , Walkosz Barbara J. , Buller Mary Klein , Wallis Allan , Andersen Peter A. , Scott Michael D. , Eye Rachel , Liu Xia , Cutter Gary 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: To evaluate an intervention promoting adoption of occupational sun protection policies by employers in a randomized trial. Design: A randomized pretest–posttest controlled design with 2-year follow-up was conducted in 2010 to 2013. Setting: Local government organizations in Colorado who had outdoor workers in public works, public safety, and/or parks and recreation. Participants: Ninety-eight local government organizations (n = 51 municipalities, 10 counties, and 37 special districts). Intervention: Organizations were randomly assigned to receive a policy and education intervention comprised of personal contacts and theory-based training and materials or to an attention control group. Measures: Occupational policy documents were coded for sun safety content by a trained research assistant blind to condition. Analysis: Policy scores were analyzed with logistic and Poisson regression models using imputation. Results: At posttest, more organizations in the intervention group had a sun protection policy than in the control group (odds ratio [OR] = 4.91, P < .05; intent to treat: OR = 5.95, P < .05) and policies were more extensive (χ2 = 31.29, P < .01; intent to treat: χ2 =73.79, P < .01) and stronger (χ2 = 24.50, P < .01; intent to treat: χ2 = 51.95, P < .01). Policy adoption was higher when the number of contacts and trainings increased ( P < .05). Conclusion: The intervention had a large effect on adoption of formal sun protection policies, perhaps because of its fit with legal requirements to maintain safe workplaces. Personal contacts with managers were influential on adoption of occupational policy even in this age of communication technology and social media.
Perinatal and infant mental health in Australia: moving forward towards REAL prevention and early intervention – can we do it?
Authors: Sved Williams Anne E 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: Australia has been at the forefront of appropriate early intervention. Prevention of mental illness in infants by early identification and intervention in the mental health of their mothers has stalled since the cessation of funding through the National Perinatal Depression Initiative (NPDI, 2009–2015). Whilst screening for maternal mental illness has been widely implemented throughout Australia during the last two decades, services are now diminishing and great opportunities to ride the crest of a wave for appropriate mental illness intervention are receding. Reviews of history and interventions internationally may help guide future directions. Conclusions: Advocacy through across-agency and across-political-party support has been markedly successful for perinatal and infant mental health in the United Kingdom. A solid foundation exists in Australia. Australian psychiatrists have the ability to continue to change the face of prevention and early intervention.
Transcranial Doppler screening for stroke risk in children with sickle cell disease: a systematic review
Authors: Mazzucco Sara , Diomedi Marina , Qureshi Amrana , Sainati Laura , Padayachee Soundrie T 
Published: April 2017

Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the most common causes of stroke in children worldwide. Based on the results of the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia (STOP), annual transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) screening for affected children is standard practice. However, the need for TCD surveillance programs could override the accuracy of the screening, affecting the correct stratification of stroke risk and subsequent clinical management of the target population. Aims To shed light on this issue, a systematic review of the literature on TCD screening for children and adolescents with SCD was carried out (CRD42016050549), according to a list of clinically relevant questions, with a particular focus on screening practices in European countries. Quality of the evidence was rated using the grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation. Summary of review Thirty-three studies published in English or French were included (5 randomized controlled trials, 8 experimental non-randomized, and 20 observational studies). The quality of the retrieved evidence ranged between low and high, but was rated as moderate or high most of the times. TCD is effective as a screening tool for the primary prevention of stroke in SCD children. There is no high-quality evidence on the effectiveness of alternative screening methods, such as imaging-TCD with or without angle correction or magnetic resonance angiography. No evidence was found on effectiveness of the screening on children on hydroxyurea and with genotypes other than HbSS and HbS/β0. No European data were found on screening rates or adherence of screening practices to the STOP protocol. Conclusions High-quality studies on alternative screening methods that are currently used in real-world practice, and on screening applicability to specific subgroups of patients are urgently needed. Considering the low awareness of the disease in European countries and the lack of data on screening practices and adherence, clinicians need up-to-date guidelines for more uniform and evidence-based surveillance of children with SCD.
A randomized, double-blind study to evaluate the acid-inhibitory effect of vonoprazan (20 mg and 40 mg) in patients with proton-pump inhibitor-resistant erosive esophagitis
Authors: Iwakiri Katsuhiko , Sakurai Yuuichi , Shiino Madoka , Okamoto Hiroyuki , Kudou Kentaro , Nishimura Akira , Hiramatsu Naoki , Umegaki Eiji , Ashida Kiyoshi 
Published: April 2017

Background: Standard treatment for patients with erosive esophagitis (EE) is proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs), but some patients are resistant to PPIs. We aimed to evaluate the acid-inhibitory effects and efficacy of a novel potassium-competitive acid blocker (vonoprazan) in patients with PPI-resistant EE. Methods This randomized, double-blind, multicenter study of vonoprazan evaluated gastric and esophageal pH over a 24-hour period as the primary endpoint and EE healing rate as the secondary endpoint. Following a 7 to 14-day run-in period (lansoprazole 30 mg treatment), patients with endoscopically confirmed PPI-resistant EE received vonoprazan 20 mg or 40 mg for 8 weeks. Results Patients were randomized to receive vonoprazan 20 mg ( n = 9) or 40 mg ( n = 10). Over a 24-hour period; both groups showed a significant increase from baseline in the percentage of time gastric pH ≥ 4, referred to as pH 4 holding time ratio (HTR): an increase from 73.21% to 96.46% in the 20 mg group, and from 69.97% to 100.00% in the 40 mg group. Increases from baseline in esophageal pH 4 HTRs were not significant. The 40 mg group showed greater increases in gastric and esophageal pH 4 HTRs compared with the 20 mg group, but differences between groups were not significant. After 8 weeks’ treatment, the healing rate in subjects with baseline EE grades A–D was 60.0% (3/5 patients) in the 20 mg group and 71.4% (5/7 patients) in the 40 mg group. Vonoprazan was generally well tolerated. One patient (40 mg group) experienced four treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) (unrelated to study drug), leading to study discontinuation. Conclusions Vonoprazan 20 mg and 40 mg effectively inhibited gastric acid secretion over a 24-hour period with significantly increased gastric pH 4 HTR, and resulted in an EE healing rate > 60.0% in this study. Vonoprazan treatment may be valuable for patients with PPI-resistant EE