bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE SPLIT IMMUNOGLOBULIN G ARCS
Authors: BLAKE N. M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryWhen human serum is examined by immunoelectrophoresis, the IgG arc is frequently seen to split into two more or less distinct arcs, and it has been suggested that this splitting is due to the presence of antigenically different protein molecules. Evidence presented in this paper suggests that the inner arc corresponds to a population of IgG molecules whose light chains carry type K antigenic determinants, with the outer arc representing IgG molecules bearing L type light chains.
A CLINICAL COMPARISON OF TWO PREPARATIONS OF CALCIFEROL
Authors: PARFITT A. M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe effectiveness of calciferol in tablet form has been compared with that of calciferol in opaque oil‐filled capsules in four patients with vitamin D‐resistant rickets and three patients with hypoparathyroidism. The approximate potency of the tablets in terms of the capsules varied from 0·4 to 1·2, in keeping with the variation in the content of the tablets permitted by the British Pharmacopœia and the known liability of calciferol to chemical deterioration. Deficiencies in the preparation of calciferol used have probably been responsible for some reported instances of apparent increased sensitivity or resistance to treatment. It is concluded that the use of calciferol in tablet form should be discontinued.
GLUCOCORTICOID MANAGEMENT OF PAROXYSMAL NOCTURNAL HÆMOGLOBINURIAL
Authors: FIRKIN F. , GOLDBERG H. , FIRKIN B. G. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn some cases of paroxysmal nocturnal hæmoglobinuria (P.N.H.), glucocorticoids will produce a marked decrease in hæmolysis and an improvement in the hæmoglobin level. In these cases, they can be effective both in the management of life‐threatening hæmolytic crises and in long‐term maintenance therapy. In one case their use has averted a heavy requirement for blood transfusions. In view of the difficulty in withdrawing these drugs, their use is recommended only when more conservative measures are unsatisfactory and the patient's state is causing concern. The régime recommended as a trial is a dose of 40 mg. of prednisone per day for at least two weeks, after which the level is gradually lowered to a maintenance level which has varied between 5 and 12·5 mg. per day for these patients. It should be emphasized that improvement cannot be expected in all cases of P.N.H.Thus, glucocorticoids can be added to the group of drugs, including dextran given by intravenous infusion (Gardner and Laforet, 1960) and androgen plus iron therapy (Hartman et alit, 1966), which occasionally can be of benefit in the management of this disease.
AN ANALYSIS OF HYPOPLASTIC ANÆMIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE USE OF OXYMETHOLONE (”ADROYD“) IN ITS THERAPY
Authors: SILINK SANDRA J. , FIRKIN BARRY G. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryEight of II patients with refractory anæmia, who required regular blood transfusions to maintain their hæmoglobin level, gave a dramatic clinical and hæmatological response to oxymetholone. Analysis of bone marrow aspirates revealed an overall increase in erythropoietic tissue and mitotic indices following successful treatment with oxymetholone. A significant increase in the incidence of karyomeres was noted in the red‐cell precursors in some patients with hypoplastic anæmia. This was interpreted as reflecting abnormalities in mitosis similar to the effects seen after irradiation. Possible factors in the ætiology of aplastic anæmia are discussed.
A SHORT TRIAL ASSESSMENT OF URICOSURIC THERAPY IN GOUT
Authors: PALMER D. G. , HIGHTON T. C. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA study has been made of the short‐term effects of two uricosuric drugs (sulphinpyrazone and probenecid) in 12 gouty patients. The changes induced by these drugs on serum uric acid levels, 24‐hour urate excretion rates and urate clearance values have been related to glomerular function. Since allopurinol is now available for the therapy of gout, and as uricosuric agents may fail to resolve tophaceous deposits, it is held that long‐term uricosuric therapy should not be undertaken unless the efficacy of the chosen drug has been established. Therapeutic criteria have been proposed as a result of this trial.The magnitude of the urate diuresis induced by these drugs was found in general to be dependent on glomerular function; but even in the presence of a normal glomerular filtration rate a particular uricosuric drug could be ineffective. A glomerular filtration rate of less than 80 ml. per minute was associated with a relative failure of the drugs under trial, and it is considered that this level of renal impairment is an indication for the use of allopurinol. In the type of assessment described it is important that both the fall in the serum uric acid level and the rise in urate excretion should be estimated, for these changes do not under all circumstances bear a constant inverse relationship to one another.
MEDULLARY THYROID CARCINOMAS WITH BILATERAL PHÆOCHROMOCYTOMAS
Authors: SLAVOTlNEK A. , DE LA LANDE I. S. , HEAD R. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe findings in two cases of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid are reported, the patients being a mother and her daughter. The mother was also found to have previously unsuspected bilateral phæochromocytomas at autopsy. The association of these two tumours represents a rare but well recognized clinical entity. A family study was then undertaken to detect evidence of these conditions in 17 blood relatives. Neither thyroid carcinoma nor phæochromocytoma were detected. However, because of the previously reported familial nature of this syndrome, family and long term follow‐up studies of patients with either medullary thyroid carcinoma or phæochromocytoma, or both of these conditions, are recommended.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF PROTEINS SYNTHESIZED BY HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: LAWTON J. M. W. , FORBES I. J. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe capacity of peripheral venous lymphocytes to synthesize the three major immunoglobulins was tested in chronic lymphatic leukæmia, lymphoma and lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease, reticulum cell sarcoma and infectious mononucleosis.Autoradiographs of immunoelectrophoresis patterns of radioactive proteins synthesized by the lymphocytes were indicative of reduced synthesis of all types of immunoglobulins in most cases of these groups. No pattern of deficiency of synthesis was constantly related to any disease.Normal synthesis of immunoglobulins was seen in one of three cases of Hodgkin's disease and one of 10 cases of lymphosarcoma. In two cases of lymphosarcoma labelling of IgA was much heavier than labelling of IgM and IgG. This was thought to indicate a specific derangement of immunological mechanisms, rather than a general impairment of immunological activity.Very heavy synthesis of all three immunoglobulins was found in one of II cases of infectious mononucleosis. No clear pattern of activity and quiescence was seen when these cases were arranged in order of the length of the illness.
GASTRIC IRON BINDING SUBSTANCE (GASTROFERRIN) IN A FAMILY WITH HÆMOCHROMATOSIS
Authors: DELLER D. J. , EDWARDS R. G. , DART G. , LUKE C. G. , DAVIS P. S. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYA family study was undertaken to obtain further evidence for a possible role of a deficiency of gastric iron binding substance (gastroferrin) in the pathogenesis of hæmochromatosis. Various studies of iron metabolism were performed on a patient with the disease and 35 relatives. Judged by elevation of the serum iron level, the saturation of the plasma transferrin and the increased urinary iron excretion after D.T.P.A. administration, two brothers, two nephews and one niece of the propositus had iron overload. One of the brothers had alcoholic cirrhosis with secondary siderosis of the liver; the level of gastric iron binding substance in his case was normal. The remaining relatives with iron overload had an absence or marked reduction in the amount of gastroferrin.Current concepts of the mechanism of iron absorption in health, and of the pathogenesis of hæmochromatosis, are reviewed. A chelation theory of the luminal control of iron absorption is proposed, and the possible role of gastroferrin deficiency in the retiology of hæmochromaiosis discussed. The thesis presented is that hæmochromatosis might be an inborn error of metabolism in which the genetic defect consists of failure to produce the gastric inhibitory iron binding substance. The results reported in this study are compatible with this hypothesis, and suggest the value of a prospective study of children lacking gastroferrin to determine whether this defect occurs before evidence of iron overload.
ACUTE DISSEMINATED HISTIOCYTOSIS X
Authors: DUTT A. K. , LOPEZ C. G. , GANESAN S. , SMITH G. , DUTT A. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYA very rare case of acute disseminated histiocytcsis X with transition from eosinophilic granuloma of bone to Letterer‐Siwe disease is described. Literature on the disease is briefly reviewed.
HÆMODIALYSIS AND TERTIARY HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: DOAK P. B. , NORTH J. D. K. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYA woman aged 29 years, with chronic glomerulonephritis with the early bone changes of secondary hyperparathyroidism, developed hypercalcremia and musculo‐skeletal symptoms during treatment with regular hremodialysis. The parathyroid glands were explored and showed hyperplasia with several small adenomata. Three and a half glands were excised, with cure of symptoms, and the serum calcium levels became normal.Following cadaveric renal transplantation, oliguria was present for 30 days. With the onset of good renal function, renal glycosuria, renal tubular acidosis and marked phosphaturia were observed. Renal glycosuria was transient, but tubular acidosis and increased phosphate clearances have persisted for more than one year. Signs and symptoms of osteodystrophy were aggravated after the onset of good renal function but responded to treatment with oral phosphate.The phosphaturia is believed to be due to continued parathyroid overactivity together with proximal renal tubular dysfunction due to ischæmia, possibly aggravated by azathioprine therapy.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS OF THE PANCREAS IN ADOLESCENCE AND ADULTHOOD
Authors: GRACEY MICHAEL , ANDERSON CHARLOTTE M. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYSince an increasing number of patients with cystic fibrosis now reach adolescence and adulthood, more will be treated by general physicians.Since 1953 approximately 200 patients have been cared for in this unit, and in January, 1967, 31 were over 14 years of age; five of these have since died, and their modes of death (chest infection and respiratory failure, three; moderate chest disease, massive hæmoptysis, one; mild chest disease and progressive liver disease, one) are considered. The clinical state of the survivors varies greatly and allows discussion of the natural history of the disorder. The well‐being of patients depends both on the intrinsic severity of the manifestations of the disease and the efficacy of treatment. With careful attention to chest disease most of these older patients manage to lead relatively active lives and are in most instances gainfully employed.
ENDEMIC CRETINISM IN EASTERN NEW GUINEA
Authors: BUTTFIELD I. H. , HETZEL B. S. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYA study has been carried out of the clinical features, epidemiology and thyroid function in 254 cases of endemic cretinism in Eastern New Guinea. The clinical picture resembles closely that described for Western New Guinea and other endemic goitre areas throughout the world.Goitre was encountered more commonly in mothers of cretins than in adult females of the studied population. Examination of thyroid function revealed a significantly lower serum PBI value and I uptake in cretins when compared with neurologically normal natives. No clinical evidence of hypothyroidism was encountered in endemic cretins, and no biosynthetic defect was isolated as shown by perchlorate discharge testing and chromatography of I131 labelled thyroid glands and serum. Mothers of 13 cretins, born since the introduction of iodized oil prophylaxis, were identified, and in only one instance was there a possibility that iodine therapy had been given.These findings suggest that the condition is related to iodine deficiency and may be prevented by correction of maternal iodine deficiency.
CUSHING'S SYNDROME OF NINETEEN YEARS' DURATION
Authors: MELICK ROGER 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYA case of Cushing's syndrome of 19 years' duration is described. The disease began at the age of 12 years and caused an abrupt cessation of growth. The adrenals were responsive to stimulation with corticotrophin and suppression with dexamethasone. After irradiation of the pituitary gland had failed to improve the patients' condition, bilateral adrenalectomy was performed. Postoperatively exfoliation and skin itching caused much trouble, and it was 14 months before his corticosteroid requirements reached the usual maintenance level.
Burnet and Medicine
Authors: Wood Ian J. 
Published: September 2017

SummarySir Macfarlane Burnet had a progressive rise in the world of Medical Science, from a shy ward medical officer at the Melbourne Hospital to a scientist of world renown as Director of the Walter and Eliza Hall Institute.He won fame in the field of virology, making a special study of the influenza virus, which he began in London under Sir Henry Dale.In 1957 he switched his researches from virology to immunology and again achieved fame by his study of autoimmune disease.His contributions to clinical medicine were many and varied, including the isolation of C. burneti, the discovery of two strains of poliomyelitis virus, and the applications of his clonal selection theory to the autoimmune diseases in Man.Amongst his many honours and awards were the Order of Merit, and the Nobel Prize which he shared with Sir Peter Medawar of London.Congratulations on his achievements are extended to him on the occasion of his seventieth birthday.
Giant Cells, Cartilage and Bone Fragments within Rheumatoid Synovial Membrane: Clinico‐Pathological Correlations
Authors: Muirden K. D. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe frequency of two little known features of the synovial pathology in rheumatoid arthritis has been estimated in 100 biopsies and their presence correlated with certain clinical features in 28 patients. Rheumatoid giant cells and cartilage and bone fragments within the synovium tend to occur in joints showing more advanced disease as judged by x‐ray change. The presence of cartilage and bone fragments shows a significant relationship with disease duration and with anaemia due to the disease but neither giant cells nor catilage and bone fragments correlate with the titre of rheumatoid factor.
Disseminated Histoplasmosis
Authors: Fewings J. D. , Lander Harry , Anderson K. F. , Henning F. R. , Radden B. G. , Jeanes B. J. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe case of a 25 year old man who developed disseminated histoplasmosis following heavy exposure to dust during the process of carrying out renovations to an old home is described. The presenting symptom was an indolent ulcer of the gum margin. Diagnosis was made by the successful culture of Histoplasma capsulatum from the ulcer tissue. This organism was also cultured from soil samples in and near a fowl yard adjacent to his home. It is postulated that this was the source of infection. The disseminated infection resolved within a few weeks following treatment with amphotericin B, but six months later recurrence of infection was evident in the gingival ulcer and the regional submandibular lymph nodes. The affected areas were surgically excised. Twelve months later the patient remains well and apparently free of infection.
The Anaemia of Rheumatoid Arthritis: The Significance of Iron Deposits in the Synovial Membrane
Authors: Muirden K. D. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryHistological examination of synovial membrane removed from 100 joints in 81 patients with rheumatoid arthritis has shown iron deposits, often of an extensive nature in 96 joints. Electron microscopic examination revealed ferritin within synovial cell cytoplasm and concentrated into lysosomes in 16 of 20 biopsies. It is suggested that the iron deposits arise from continued oozing of blood from the vascular granulation tissue into the synovial cavity. The sequence from erythrophagocytosis to ferritin formation can be followed with the electron microscope. It is also likely that some of the iron given as parenteral therapy finds its way into synovial macrophages.In 28 patients a highly significant relationship was found between the presence of anaemia due to rheumatoid arthritis and the histological estimate of the extent of iron deposits. There was also a relationship between the duration of disease in the joint, the grade of x‐ray change and the iron deposits.The synovial membrane appears to be an important source of iron sequestration. A delay in release of iron from this and the reticuloendothelial storage sites could explain many of the features of the anaemia of rheumatoid arthritis.
Comparative evaluation of MCP gene in worldwide strains of Megalocytivirus (Iridoviridae family) for early diagnostic marker
Authors: Mishra A , Nam G‐H , Gim J‐A , Lee H‐E , Jo A , Yoon D , Oh S , Kim S , Kim A , Kim D‐H , Kim Y C , Jeong H D , Cha H‐J , Choi Y H , Kim H‐S 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMembers of the Iridoviridae family have been considered as aetiological agents of iridovirus diseases, causing fish mortalities and economic losses all over the world. Virus identification based on candidate gene sequencing is faster, more accurate and more reliable than other traditional phenotype methodologies. Iridoviridae viruses are covered by a protein shell (capsid) encoded by the important candidate gene, major capsid protein (MCP). In this study, we investigated the potential of the MCP gene for use in the diagnosis and identification of infections caused Megalocytivirus of the Iridoviridae family. We selected data of 66 Iridoviridae family isolates (53 strains of Megalocytivirus, eight strains of iridoviruses and five strains of Ranavirus) infecting various species of fish distributed all over the world. A total of 53 strains of Megalocytivirus were used for designing the complete primer sets for identifying the most hypervariable region of the MCP gene. Further, our in silico analysis of 102 sequences of related and unrelated viruses reconfirms that primer sets could identify strains more specifically and offers a useful and fast alternative for routine clinical laboratory testing. Our findings suggest that phenotype observation along with diagnosis using universal primer sets can help detect infection or carriers at an early stage.
The efficacy and safety of a monophasic hyaluronic acid filler in the correction of nasolabial folds: A randomized, multicenter, single blinded, split‐face study
Authors: Kwon Hyun Jung , Ko Eun Jung , Choi Sun Young , Choi Eun Ja , Jang Yu‐Jin , Kim Beom Joon , Lee Yang Won 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe different rheological properties of hyaluronic acid (HA) filler reflect their specific manufacturing processes and resultant physicochemical characteristics. However, there are few researches about the relationship between product differences and clinical outcome when HA fillers are used for nasolabial folds (NLFs).AimsThis study sought to compare the rheological properties, efficacy and safety of a monophasic HA filler, and a well‐studied biphasic HA filler, in the treatment of NLFs.Patients/methodsA total of 72 Korean subjects with moderate to severe NLFs were randomized to receive injections with monophasic HA or biphasic HA on the left or right side of the face. Efficacy was evaluated by the change in the Wrinkle Severity Rating Scale (WSRS) at 2, 10, 18, 26, and 52 weeks. Safety was assessed on the basis of all abnormal reactions during the clinical test period. To compare the rheological characteristics of two cross‐linked HA fillers, viscoelastic analysis was performed.ResultsAt week 26, the mean WSRS was 2.26±0.56 for the monophasic HA side and 2.24±0.54 for the biphasic HA side. Both treatments were well tolerated. The adverse reactions were mild and transient. Monophasic HA filler had lower elasticity and higher viscosity than biphasic HA filler.ConclusionDespite a number of different rheological properties, monophasic HA is noninferior to biphasic HA in the treatment of moderate to severe NLFs for 52 weeks. Therefore, monophasic HA provides an alternative option for NLFs correction.
Relationship of Number of Missing Teeth to Hip Fracture in Elderly Patients: A Cohort Pilot Study
Authors: Priebe Jennifer , Wermers Robert A. , Sems Stephen A. , Viozzi Christopher F. , Koka Sreenivas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurposeTo determine the relationship between the number of missing natural teeth or remaining natural teeth and osteoporotic hip fracture in elderly patients and to determine the relationship between the number of missing teeth or remaining teeth and osteoporotic fracture risk assessment (FRAX) probability.Materials and MethodsNumber of missing teeth was determined by clinical oral exam on a total of 100 subjects, 50 with hip fractures and 50 without. Ten‐year fracture risk and hip fracture risk probabilities were calculated using the FRAX tool. Statistical analyses were performed to determine strength of associations between number of missing natural teeth and likelihood of experiencing a fracture. Degree of correlation between number of missing natural teeth and FRAX probabilities were calculated.ResultsThere appears to be an association between the number of missing natural teeth and hip fractures. For every 5‐tooth increase in the number of missing teeth, the likelihood of being a subject in the hip fracture group increased by 26%. Number of missing natural teeth was positively correlated with FRAX overall fracture and hip fracture probability.ConclusionsNumber of missing natural teeth may be a valuable tool to assist members of medical and dental teams in identifying patients with higher FRAX scores and higher likelihood of experiencing a hip fracture. Additional research is necessary to validate these findings.