bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cosmogenic radionuclides in meteorites from the Otway Massif blue ice area, Antarctica: An unusual, well‐preserved H5 chondrite strewn field
Authors: Welten Kees C. , Caffee Marc W. , Kress Monika E. , Giscard Marlene D. , Jull A. J. Timothy , Harvey Ralph P. , Schutt John 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe US Antarctic Search for Meteorites (ANSMET) discovered a dense cluster of 88 ordinary chondrites with a total mass of more than 100 kg on a blue ice area (BIA) of 1.6 × 0.3 km2 near the Otway Massif, Grosvenor Mountains, Antarctica. The larger masses (weighing up to 29 kg) were found at one end of an oval‐shaped pattern and the smaller masses (50–200 g) at the other end. We measured concentrations of the cosmogenic radionuclides 10Be (half‐life—1.36 × 106 year) and 36Cl (3.01 × 105 year) in the metal fraction of 17 H chondrites, including 14 fragments of this cluster, to verify the hypothesis that this meteorite cluster on the Otway Massif BIA represents a meteorite strewn field produced by the atmospheric breakup of a single meteoroid. The 10Be and 36Cl concentrations confirm that 10 out of 14 H chondrites from different locations within this small area are paired fragments of the same meteorite fall, while the four other H chondrites represent two additional—smaller—falls. The radionuclides suggest a pre‐atmospheric mass of 200–400 kg for the large pairing group, suggesting that 25%–50% of the meteoroid survived atmospheric entry. Based on the distribution of the paired H chondrites and evidence of their common cosmic‐ray exposure history in space, we conclude that most of the 88 meteorites within this small area represent a meteorite strewn field. The small size of the strewn field suggests that the meteoroid entered at a steep angle (>60°), while the low amount of fusion crust on most meteorite surfaces most likely indicates atmospheric break up at low altitude, while additional fragmentation of a large surviving fragment may have occurred during impact on the ice. This well‐documented strewn field provides a good opportunity to apply model simulations of the atmospheric fragmentation of this object as a function of entry angle, velocity, and meteoroid strength. Cosmogenic 14C analyses in two members of the Otway Massif pairing group yield a terrestrial age of 15.5 ± 1.5 kyr, which represents the time elapsed since this meteorite fell on Earth. The excellent preservation of an Antarctic meteorite strewn field suggests that the Otway Massif BIA represents a relatively stagnant blue ice field.
Multi‐omics integration analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of drought adaptation in homologous tetraploid alfalfa(Medicago sativa ‘Xinjiang‐Daye’)
Authors: Qi Jianwei , Luo Yongzhong , Lu Songsong , Liu Hui , Huang Haixia , Qiu Yingde , Zhou Xiaotong , Ma Chao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrought stress is a predominant abiotic factor leading to decreased alfalfa yield. Genomic ploidy differences contribute to varying adaptation mechanisms of different alfalfa cultivars to drought conditions. This study employed a multi‐omics approach to characterize the molecular basis of drought tolerance in a tetraploid variant of alfalfa (Medicago sativa, Xinjiang‐Daye). Under drought treatment, a total of 4446 genes, 859 proteins, and 524 metabolites showed significant differences in abundance. Integrative analysis of the multi‐omics data revealed that regulatory modules involved in flavonoid biosynthesis, plant hormone signalling transduction, linoleic acid metabolism, and amino acid biosynthesis play crucial roles in alfalfa adaptation to drought stress. The severity of drought led to the substantial accumulation of flavonoids, plant hormones, free fatty acids, amino acids, and their derivatives in the leaves. Genes such as PAL, 4CL, CHI, CHS, PP2C, ARF_3, and AHP_4 play pivotal regulatory roles in flavonoid biosynthesis and hormone signalling pathways. Differential expression of the LOX gene emerged as a key factor in the elevated levels of free fatty acids. Upregulation of P5CS_1 and GOT1/2 contributed significantly to the accumulation of Pro and Phe contents. ERF19 emerged as a principal positive regulator governing the synthesis of the aforementioned compounds. Furthermore, observations suggest that Xinjiang‐Daye alfalfa may exhibit widespread post‐transcriptional regulatory mechanisms in adapting to drought stress. The study findings unveil the critical mechanisms by which Xinjiang‐Daye alfalfa adapts to drought stress, offering novel insights for the improvement of alfalfa germplasm resources.
Copper Homeostasis and Its Impact on Innate Immunity in Crustaceans
Authors: Chen Hejia , Huang Xi , Tayyab Muhammad , Zhao Mingming , Yao Defu , Zheng Zhihong , Zhao Xianliang , Zhao Yongzhen , Chen Xiuli , Zhang Bobo , Yang Qiongqiong , Zhang Yueling , Lin Zhongyang 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCopper, an essential micronutrient in crustaceans, plays vital roles in enzymatic processes, oxygen transport, pigmentation, and structural protein synthesis, including collagen and elastin. Recent research has elucidated its pivotal role in innate immunity of crustaceans, enhancing the immune response by promoting phagocytic activity, antimicrobial peptide production, and modulation of immune gene expression. Copper ions exhibit antimicrobial effects by disrupting cell membranes and inhibiting microbial proliferation. Furthermore, copper governs antioxidant defense mechanisms, protecting crustaceans against oxidative stress and infection. However, excessive copper can lead to toxicity, highlighting the need for strict maintenance of copper homeostasis. This review explores the complex processes of copper homeostasis in crustaceans, detailing transport mechanisms, storage proteins, and detoxification pathways. It emphasizes copper's critical physiological and immunological functions, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of its multifaceted roles in crustaceans and laying groundwork for further exploration of copper homeostasis as a strategy for boosting crustacean immunity. Aquaculture practices significantly influence copper levels in crustaceans. Effective copper management, including monitoring techniques, water treatment strategies, and regulatory frameworks, is crucial for both crustacean welfare and environmental sustainability.
Two‐phase magma flow with phase exchange: Part I. Physical modeling of a volcanic conduit
Authors: Narbona‐Reina Gladys , Bresch Didier , Burgisser Alain , Collombet Marielle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn a review paper in this same volume, we present the state of the art on modeling of compressible viscous flows ranging from single‐phase to two‐phase systems. It focuses on mathematical properties related to weak stability because they are important for numerical resolution and on the homogenization process that leads from a microscopic description of two separate phases to an averaged two‐phase model. This review serves as the foundation for Parts I and II, which present averaged two‐phase models with phase exchange applicable to magma flow during volcanic eruptions. Here, in Part I, after introducing the physical processes occurring in a volcanic conduit, we detail the steps needed at both microscopic and macroscopic scales to obtain a two‐phase transient conduit flow model ensuring: (1) mass and volatile species conservation, (2) disequilibrium degassing considering both viscous relaxation and volatile diffusion, and (3) dissipation of total energy. The resulting compressible/incompressible system has eight transport equations on eight unknowns (gas volume fraction and density, dissolved water content, liquid pressure, and the velocity and temperature of both phases) as well as algebraic closures for gas pressure and bubble radius. We establish valid sets of boundary conditions such as imposing pressures and stress‐free conditions at the conduit outlet and either velocity or pressure at the inlet. This model is then used to obtain a drift‐flux system that isolates the effects of relative velocities, pressures, and temperatures. The dimensional analysis of this drift‐flux system suggests that relative velocities can be captured with a Darcy equation and that gas–liquid pressure differences partly control magma acceleration. Unlike the vanishing small gas–liquid temperature differences, bulk magma temperature is expected to vary because of gas expansion. Mass exchange being a major control of flow dynamics, we propose a limit case of mass exchange by establishing a relaxed system at chemical equilibrium. This single‐velocity, single‐temperature system is a generalization of an existing volcanic conduit flow model. Finally, we compare our full compressible/incompressible system to another existing volcanic conduit flow model where both phases are compressible. This comparison illustrates that different two‐phase systems may be obtained depending on the governing unknowns chosen. Part II presents a 1.5D version of the model established herein that is solved numerically. The numerical outputs are compared to those of another steady‐state, equilibrium degassing, isothermal model under conditions typical of an effusive eruption at an andesitic volcano.
Not exactly twins: Authoritarians and populists differ in their attitudes toward trust in government, elitism, pluralism, political identification, and identity fusion
Authors: Jami Waleed A. 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionAuthoritarianism and populism are used regularly to describe the individuals responsible for anti‐democratic action. These two constructs share some similarities with regard to how they hinder democracy and at times have been used interchangeably to describe such issues. However, authoritarians and populists may differ with regard to their political identification, as well as how they view the government and the existing establishment.ObjectivesWith a US college sample, this study's goal was to examine how authoritarianism and populist attitudes influence views on pluralism, elitism, trust in government, identity fusion, and political identification (identification with American political parties).ResultsThe findings indicated that right‐wing authoritarians trusted the government, endorsed elitist attitudes, but were low on pluralism; this pattern was the opposite for those high on populist attitudes. Left‐wing authoritarianism was related only to low pluralism. Moreover, low trust in the government partially mediated the link between populist attitudes and pluralism. Results also indicated that right‐wing and left‐wing authoritarians identified with the Republican and Democratic parties, respectively, whereas political identification was unrelated to populist attitudes. Furthermore, identity fusion partially mediated the link between right‐wing authoritarianism and identification with the Republican Party.ConclusionAuthoritarianism and populist attitudes may explain different motivations for anti‐democratic thought and behaviors. This study contributes to ongoing debates found in contemporary populism and authoritarianism research as well as different solutions to addressing their rise in mainstream politics.
“Fiddler on the Roof ” as a Tool for Teaching About How Religions Change Through Time
Authors: Wilson Liz 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis article reflects on the difficulty that many students have in appreciating that religions change over time. It describes an assignment that can be used to teach this important religious literacy skill. The assignment focuses on changing norms on courtship, marriage, and family formation in Jewish communities at two different times and two different places. Students reflect on norms in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn‐of‐the century using the film version of the musical Fiddler on the Roof. They then view a documentary about the making and reception of the musical that centers the social movements of 1960s America, and they also read secondary literature on changing marriage norms in turn‐of‐the century Jewish communities in Eastern Europe and in 20th century Jewish communities in America. The assignment turns on concepts of tradition and innovation, showing how often innovation plays a role in things deemed “traditional”.
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ ВОПРОСОВ БИОБЕЗОПАСНОСТИ ПРИ ПОДГОТОВКЕ СПЕЦИАЛИСТОВ ДЛЯ БИОТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ФАРМПРОИЗВОДСТВ
Authors: Сулейменов М. К. , Албаева Ж. Т. , Сулейменова Д. М. 
Published: September 2024

Учитывая важность вопросов биобезопасности, впервые в Казахстане 21 мая 2022 года принят закон № 122-VII ЗРК «О биологической безопасности Республики Казахстан». Он определил правовые основы государственного регулирования в области биологической безопасности Республики Казахстан и направлен на предотвращение биологических угроз.
Закон, создав правовые основы государственного регулирования вопросов биобезопас­ности при появлении в Казах­стане патогенных биологических агентов, позволит сформировать единую основу для ее обеспечения в сфере здравоохранения, санитарно-эпидемиологической службы, экологической, ветеринарной, фитосанитарной безопасности, гражданской защиты и, конечно, для развития науки.
Осознавая перспективы развития биотехнологии и рост производства биотехнологических препаратов, вакцин, диагностических средств, в Школе Фармации КазНМУ имени С.Д.Асфендиярова в августе 2022 года создана кафедра биотехнологии и общей химической технологии (ОХТ). В образовательные программы по специальности «Технология фармацевтического производства» включена обязательная дисциплина «Основы биологической безопасности на фармацевтическом производстве».
Целью дисциплины является формирование у студентов мышления по вопросам биобезопасности при проектировании и эксплуатации фармацевтического производства на основе изучения действующей правовой документации и законодательства. Программа дисциплины и силлабус интегрированы и разработаны совместно с Санкт-Петербургским химико-фармацевтическим университетом. При подготовке специалистов для биотехнологических фармпроизводств большое значение имеет сотрудничество ВУЗа и научно-исследовательских организаций, предприятий. КазНМУ имени С.Д. Асфендиярова наладил сотрудничество с НИИ проблем биологической безопасности, ННЦ особо опасных инфекций имени Масгута Айкимбаева, ТОО «OtarBioPharm», Карагандинским фармацевтическим комплексом, ТОО НПП «Антиген», ТОО «КАЗ-ДИА-ТЕСТ». Рассматриваются планы сотрудничества в научной сфере, подготовке магистрантов, докторантов. Учитывая рост в Казахстане фармацевтических предприятий, выпускающих биотехнологические препараты, вакцины, диагностикумы, тест-системы, изучение дисциплины «Основы биологической безопасности на фармацевтическом производстве» в медицинских ВУЗах Казахстана представляется важным и актуальным.
В связи с увеличением в перспективе числа фармацевтических производств в Казахстане, выпускающих биотехнологические препараты, вакцины необходимо больше видеоматериалов и информации о казахстанских предприятиях, выпускающих такую продукцию. Целесообразно также прохождение тренинга или курсов повышения квалификации по биологической безопасности для преподавателей, обучающих студентов по дисциплине «Основы биологической безопасности на фармацевтическом производстве», с получением соответствующего сертификата.
Development of a Method for Shape Optimization for a Gas Turbine Fuel Injector Design Using Metal-Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Jalui Sagar , Xuan Yuan , Manogharan Guha , O'Connor Jacqueline 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adjoint shape optimization has enabled physics-based optimal designs for aerodynamic surfaces. Additive manufacturing (AM) makes it possible to manufacture complex shapes. However, there has been a gap between optimal and manufacturable surfaces due to the inherent limitations of commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) codes to implement geometric constraints during adjoint computation. In such cases, the design sensitivities are exported and used to perform constrained shape modifications using parametric information stored in computer aided design (CAD) files to satisfy manufacturability constraints. However, modifying the design using adjoint methods in CFD solvers and performing constrained shape modification in CAD can lead to inconsistencies due to different shape parameterization schemes. This paper describes a method to enable the simultaneous optimization of the fluid domain and impose AM manufacturability constraints, resolving one of the key issues of geometry definition for isogeometric analysis. Similar to a grid convergence study, the proposed method verifies the consistencies between shape parameterization techniques present within commercial CAD and CFD software during mesh movement as a part of the adjoint shape optimization routine. By identifying the appropriate parameters essential to a shape optimization study, the error metric between the different parameterization techniques converges to demonstrate sufficient consistencies for justifiable exchange of data between CAD and CFD. For the identified shape optimization parameters, the error metric to measure the deviation between the two parameterization schemes lies within the AM laser-powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process tolerance. Additionally, comparison for subsequent objective function calculations between iterations of the optimization loop showed acceptable differences within 1% variation between the modified geometries obtained using the two parameterization schemes. This method provides justification for the use of multiphysics guided adjoint design sensitivities computed in CFD software to perform shape modifications in CAD to incorporate AM manufacturability constraints during the shape optimization loop such that optimal designs are also additively manufacturable.
Anti-echinococcal effect of metformin in advanced experimental cystic echinococcosis: reprogrammed intermediary carbon metabolism in the parasite
Authors: Loos Julia A. , Negro Perla S. , Ortega Hugo H. , Salinas Facundo J. , Arán Martín , Pellizza Leonardo , Salerno Graciela L. , Cumino Andrea C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Metformin, a safe biguanide derivative with antiproliferative properties, has shown antiparasitic efficacy against the
Echinococcus
larval stage. Hence, we assessed the efficacy of a dose of 250 mg kg
−1
day
−1
in experimental models of advanced CE, at 6 and 12 months post-infection with oral and intraperitoneal administration, respectively. At this high dose, metformin reached intracystic concentrations between 0.7 and 1.7 mM and triggered Eg-TOR inhibition through AMPK activation by AMP-independent and -dependent mechanisms, which are dependent on drug dose. Cystic metformin uptake was controlled by increased expression of organic cation transporters in the presence of the drug. In both experimental models, metformin reduced the weight of parasite cysts, altered the ultrastructural integrity of their germinal layers, and reduced the intracystic availability of glucose, limiting the cellular carbon and energy charge and the proliferative capacity of metacestodes. This glucose depletion in the parasite was associated with a slight increase in cystic uptake of 2-deoxiglucose and the transcriptional induction of GLUT genes in metacestodes. In this context, drastic glycogen consumption led to increased lactate production and altered intermediary metabolism in treated metacestodes. Specifically, the fraction of reducing soluble sugars decreased twofold, and the levels of non-reducing soluble sugars, such as sucrose and trehalose, were modified in both cystic fluid and germinal cells. Taken together, our findings highlight the relevance of metformin as a promising candidate for CE treatment and warrant further research to improve the therapeutic conditions of this chronic zoonosis in humans.
Transcriptomic analyses of bacterial growth on fungal necromass reveal different microbial community niches during degradation
Authors: Novak Jessica K. , Kennedy Peter G. , Gardner Jeffrey G. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Bacteria are major drivers of organic matter decomposition and play crucial roles in global nutrient cycling. Although the degradation of dead fungal biomass (necromass) is increasingly recognized as an important contributor to soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling, the genes and metabolic pathways involved in necromass degradation are less characterized. In particular, how bacteria degrade necromass containing different quantities of melanin, which largely control rates of necromass decomposition
in situ
, is largely unknown. To address this gap, we conducted a multi-timepoint transcriptomic analysis using three Gram-negative, bacterial species grown on low or high melanin necromass of
Hyaloscypha bicolor
. The bacterial species,
Cellvibrio japonicus, Chitinophaga pinensis
, and
Serratia marcescens
, belong to genera known to degrade necromass
in situ
. We found that while bacterial growth was consistently higher on low than high melanin necromass, the CAZyme-encoding gene expression response of the three species was similar between the two necromass types. Interestingly, this trend was not shared for genes encoding nitrogen utilization, which varied in
C. pinensis
and
S. marcescens
during growth on high vs low melanin necromass. Additionally, this study tested the metabolic capabilities of these bacterial species to grow on a diversity of C and N sources and found that the three bacteria have substantially different utilization patterns. Collectively, our data suggest that as necromass changes chemically over the course of degradation, certain bacterial species are favored based on their differential metabolic capacities.

IMPORTANCE
Fungal necromass is a major component of the carbon (C) in soils as well as an important source of nitrogen (N) for plant and microbial growth. Bacteria associated with necromass represent a distinct subset of the soil microbiome and characterizing their functional capacities is the critical next step toward understanding how they influence necromass turnover. This is particularly important for necromass varying in melanin content, which has been observed to control the rate of necromass decomposition across a variety of ecosystems. Here we assessed the gene expression of three necromass-degrading bacteria grown on low or high melanin necromass and characterized their metabolic capacities to grow on different C and N substrates. These transcriptomic and metabolic studies provide the first steps toward assessing the physiological relevance of up-regulated CAZyme-encoding genes in necromass decomposition and provide foundational data for generating a predictive model of the molecular mechanisms underpinning necromass decomposition by soil bacteria.