bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Labor Supply Shocks, Native Wages, and the Adjustment of Local Employment*
Authors: Dustmann Christian , Schönberg Uta , Stuhler Jan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBy exploiting a commuting policy that led to a sharp and unexpected inflow of Czech workers to areas along the German-Czech border, we examine the impact of an exogenous immigration-induced labor supply shock on local wages and employment of natives. On average, the supply shock leads to a moderate decline in local native wages and a sharp decline in local native employment. These average effects mask considerable heterogeneity across groups: while younger natives experience larger wage effects, employment responses are particularly pronounced for older natives. This pattern is inconsistent with standard models of immigration but can be accounted for by a model that allows for a larger labor supply elasticity or a higher degree of wage rigidity for older than for young workers. We further show that the employment response is almost entirely driven by diminished inflows of natives into work rather than outflows into other areas or nonemployment, suggesting that “outsiders” shield “insiders” from the increased competition.
Altered nocturnal blood pressure profiles in women with insomnia disorder in the menopausal transition
Authors: de Zambotti Massimiliano , Trinder John , Javitz Harold , Colrain Ian M. , Baker Fiona C. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objective:
Insomnia disorder is a risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) pathology. It is unknown whether insomnia that develops in the context of the menopausal transition (MT) impacts the CV system. We assessed nocturnal blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) profiles in women with insomnia disorder in the MT.

Methods:
Twelve women meeting DSM-IV criteria for insomnia in the MT (age, mean ± SD: 50.5 ± 3.6 y) and 11 controls (age, mean ± SD: 49.0 ± 3.0 y) had polysomnographic recordings on one or two nights during which beat-to-beat BP and HR were assessed and analyzed hourly from lights-out across the first 6 hours of the night and according to sleep stage. Physiological hot flashes were identified from fluctuations in sternal skin conductance.

Results:
Women with insomnia and controls had similar distributions of sleep stages and awakenings/arousals across hours of the night, although insomnia participants tended to have more wakefulness overall. More women in the insomnia group (7 of 12) than in the control group (2 of 11) had at least one physiological hot flash at night (P < 0.05). Both groups showed a drop in BP in the first part of the night; however, systolic and diastolic BP patterns diverged later, remaining low in controls but increasing in insomnia participants 4 to 6 hours after lights-out (P < 0.05). Both groups showed a similar pattern of decline in HR across the night.

Conclusions:
Our findings suggest altered regulatory control of BP during sleep in the MT insomnia. The causes and long-term consequences of this altered nocturnal BP profile remain to be determined.
Human Trafficking, Sexual Assault, or Something Else? A Complicated Case With an Unexpected Outcome
Authors: Scott-Tilley Donna , Crites Heather 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT
This case report presents a patient who presented multiple times with vaginal injuries and bleeding, reporting sexual assault with a foreign object. Findings from her history and physical examination were consistent with sexual assault and human trafficking. The outcome of this case was not what we initially expected when the patient first presented for care. However, the patient ultimately received the care she needed. This case illuminates the need for excellent continuing education, interdisciplinary communication, and continuity of care.
Age, Ethnicity, and Socioeconomic Factors Impacting Infant and Toddler Fall-Related Trauma
Authors: Shimony-Kanat Sarit , Benbenishty Julie 
Published: October 2016

Objective
To characterize trauma-related falls in infants and toddlers aged 0 to 3 years over a 4-year period and develop a risk stratification model of causes of fall injuries.

Methods
Data on falls of 0 to 3 year olds from 2009 to 2012 were identified from a Jerusalem tertiary hospital trauma registry (N = 422) and the National Trauma Registry of Israel (N = 4,131).

Results
Almost half of falls occurred during the first year of life, and 57% of the children were Jewish. The majority of the children lived in low socioeconomic environments, both in the Jewish (59.2%) and Arab (97.6%) samples. Most (74%) of the falls resulted in head injury. A classification and regression tree analysis indicated that falls from furniture were the leading cause of injury in 0 to 12 month olds (estimated probability of 37.9%), whereas slipping is the leading cause in 13 to 36 month olds (estimated probability of 38.4%). Age and ethnicity emerged as the leading predictors of the nature of a fall; Injury Severity Score and the child's sex were secondary. Compared with the national data, Jerusalem children had a higher incidence of falls from buildings (9.3%; 2.4%), a higher moderate-severe Injury Severity Score (>16), a higher incidence of traumatic brain injury, and a longer hospital length of stay (P < 0.001).

Conclusions
The leading determinants of fall injuries in children below the age of 3 years are age, ethnicity, and low socioeconomic status. Future outreach community interventions should target these risk groups and be tailored to their defining characteristics.
Severe Neck and Face Edema in an Adolescent—Delayed Hypersensitivity Reaction to Hair Dye
Authors: Işik Sakine , Caglayan-Sözmen Sule , Anal Özden , Karaman Özkan , Uzuner Nevin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Allergic contact reactions to hair dyes arise mostly due to sensitization to para-phenylenediamine (PPD). Para-phenylenediamine, a derivative of p-nitroanaline, is widely used as an oxydizable hair dye and is also found in black henna tattoo. Subsequent exposure to PPD may lead to delayed type IV hypersensitivity reaction manifesting as acute contact dermatitis. Here, a 15-year-old girl is presented, who developed a hypersensitivity reaction after first exposure to hair dye. She was found to have been sensitized to PPD before, through application of black henna tatto.
Cost Minimization Analysis of Different Strategies of Management of Clinically Significant Scorpion Envenomation Among Pediatric Patients
Authors: Sinha Madhumita , Quan Dan , McDonald Fred W. , Valdez André 
Published: October 2016

Objective
Scorpion antivenom was recently approved for use in patients with clinically significant scorpion envenomation in the United States; no formal economic analysis on its impact on cost of management has been performed.

Methods
Three different strategies of management of scorpion envenomation with systemic neurotoxic symptoms in children were compared for cost minimization from a societal perspective. In strategy I, patients were managed with supportive care only without antivenom. In strategy II, an aggressive strategy of full-dose antivenom (initial dose of 3 vials with the use of additional vials administered 1 vial at a time) was considered. In strategy III, a single-vial serial antivenom dosing strategy titrated to clinical response was considered. Clinical probabilities for the different strategies were obtained from retrospective review of medical records of patients with scorpion envenomation over a 10-year period at our institution. Baseline cost values were obtained from patient reimbursement data from our institution.

Results
In baseline analysis, strategy I of supportive care only with no antivenom was least costly at US $3466.50/patient. Strategy III of single-vial serial dosing was intermediate but less expensive than strategy II of full-dose antivenom, with an incremental cost of US $3171.08 per patient. In a 1-way sensitivity analysis, at a threshold antivenom cost of US $1577.87, strategy III of single-vial serial dosing became the least costly strategy.

Conclusions
For children with scorpion envenomation, use of a management strategy based on serial dosing of antivenom titrated to clinical response is less costly than a strategy of initial use of full-dose antivenom.
Emergency Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Diaphragmatic Hernia in the Pediatric Emergency Department
Authors: Desjardins Marie Pier , Weerdenburg Kirstin D. , Fischer Jason W. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We present a case series of 2 patients who presented to a pediatric emergency department with history and symptoms suggestive of diaphragmatic hernia. Point-of-care ultrasound was used at the bedside to demonstrate the presence of bowel in the thorax and accurately guided the care of these children.
Skull-Embedded Earring due to a Fall
Authors: Helleman Krista , Andres Kathleen , Lee Jooho , Forward Karen Elaine , Lim Rodrick 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Although earring-related injuries are well described, an earring becoming forcefully embedded in the skull is unusual and has not previously been reported in the literature. We present the case of an 11-year-old child who posed interesting therapeutic considerations given this presentation.
Essentials of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Fellowship
Authors: Kim In K. , Zuckerbraun Noel , Kou Maybelle , Vu Tien , Levasseur Kelly , Yen Kenneth , Chapman Jennifer , Doughty Cara , McAneney Constance , Zaveri Pavan , Hsu Deborah 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
This article is the sixth in a 7-part series that aims to comprehensively describe the current state and future directions of pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) fellowship training from the essential requirements to considerations for successfully administering and managing a program to the careers that may be anticipated upon program completion. This article provides a broad overview of administering and supervising a PEM fellowship program. It explores 3 topics: the principles of program administration, committee management, and recommendations for minimum time allocated for PEM fellowship program directors to administer their programs.
Point-of-Care Ultrasound Diagnosis of Diaphragmatic Hernia in an Infant With Respiratory Distress
Authors: Rankin Jessica H. , Elkhunovich Marsha , Seif Dina , Chilstrom Mikaela 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Neonatal respiratory distress is an emergent condition with a wide differential diagnosis. A 12-day-old newborn presented to the emergency department in respiratory distress. Point-of-care ultrasound allowed clinicians to rapidly exclude cardiac disease and pneumothorax as possible causes of the patient's respiratory distress, and expedited the identification of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. The ultrasound findings and technique, epidemiology, pathophysiology, and radiological diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia are reviewed.
Importance of Urine Dipstick in Evaluation of Young Febrile Infants With Positive Urine Culture
Authors: Velasco Roberto , Benito Helvia , Mozun Rebeca , Trujillo Juan E. , Merino Pedro A. , de la Torre Mercedes , Gomez Borja , Mintegi Santiago 
Published: October 2016

Background and Objectives
Guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics define urinary tract infection (UTI) as the growth of greater than 50,000 ufc/mL of a single bacterium in a urine culture with a positive urine dipstick or with a urinalysis associated. Our objective was to evaluate the adequacy of this cutoff point for the diagnosis of UTI in young febrile infants.

Methods
Subanalysis of a prospective multicenter study developed in RISeuP-SPERG Network between October 11 and September 13. To carry out the study, it was performed a comparison of analytical and microbiological characteristics of patients younger than 90 days with fever without focus, taking into account the results of urine dipstick and urine culture.

Results
Of a total of 3333 infants younger than 90 days with fever without focus which were included in the study, 538 were classified as UTI in accordance with American Academy of Pediatrics' guidelines. These patients were similar to those who had a positive urine dipstick and a urine culture yielding of 10,000 to 50,000 ufc/mL, and they were different from those who had a normal urine dipstick and a urine culture >50,000 ufc/mL, being focused on the isolated bacteria and blood biomarkers values. Forty-five invasive bacterial infections were diagnosed (5.9% of the 756 with a urine culture >10,000 ufc/mL). Half of the infants with a normal urine dipstick diagnosed with invasive bacterial infections were younger than 15 days.

Conclusions
It might be inadequate to use a threshold of 50,000 cfu/mL to consider a urine culture as positive in young febrile infants given the fact that it would misdiagnose several UTIs.
Web-Based Tools for Educating Caregivers About Childhood Fever
Authors: Hart Lara , Nedadur Rashmi , Reardon Jaime , Sirizzotti Natalie , Poonai Caroline , Speechley Kathy N. , Loftus Jay , Miller Michael , Salvadori Marina , Spadafora Amanda , Poonai Naveen 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesFever is a common reason for an emergency department visit and misconceptions abound. We assessed the effectiveness of an interactive Web-based module (WBM), read-only Web site (ROW), and written and verbal information (standard of care [SOC]) to educate caregivers about fever in their children.MethodsCaregivers in the emergency department were randomized to a WBM, ROW, or SOC. Primary outcome was the gain score on a novel questionnaire testing knowledge surrounding measurement and management of fever. Secondary outcome was caregiver satisfaction with the interventions.ResultsThere were 77, 79, and 77 participants in the WBM, ROW, and SOC groups, respectively. With a maximum of 33 points, Web-based interventions were associated with a significant mean (SD) pretest to immediate posttest gain score of 3.5 (4.2) for WBM (P< 0.001) and 3.5 (4.1) for ROW (P< 0.001) in contrast to a nonsignificant gain score of 0.1 (2.7) for SOC. Mean (SD) caregiver satisfaction scores (out of 32) for the WBM, ROW, and SOC groups were 22.6 (3.2), 20.7 (4.3), and 17 (6.2), respectively. All groups were significantly different from one another in the following rank: WBM > ROW > SOC (P< 0.001).ConclusionsWeb-based interventions are associated with significant improvements in caregiver knowledge about fever and high caregiver satisfaction. These interventions should be used to educate caregivers pending the demonstration of improved patient-centered outcomes.
Detecting Neonatal Seizures With Computer Algorithms
Authors: Temko Andriy , Lightbody Gordon 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
It is now generally accepted that EEG is the only reliable way to accurately detect newborn seizures and, as such, prolonged EEG monitoring is increasingly being adopted in neonatal intensive care units. Long EEG recordings may last from several hours to a few days. With neurophysiologists not always available to review the EEG during unsociable hours, there is a pressing need to develop a reliable and robust automatic seizure detection method—a computer algorithm that can take the EEG signal, process it, and output information that supports clinical decision making. In this study, we review existing algorithms based on how the relevant seizure information is exploited. We start with commonly used methods to extract signatures from seizure signals that range from those that mimic the clinical neurophysiologist to those that exploit mathematical models of neonatal EEG generation. Commonly used classification methods are reviewed that are based on a set of rules and thresholds that are either heuristically tuned or automatically derived from the data. These are followed by techniques to use information about spatiotemporal seizure context. The usual errors in system design and validation are discussed. Current clinical decision support tools that have met regulatory requirements and are available to detect neonatal seizures are reviewed with progress and the outstanding challenges are outlined. This review discusses the current state of the art regarding automatic detection of neonatal seizures.
Peripheral Nerve Ultrasound Imaging Shows Enlargement of Peripheral Nerves Outside the Brachial Plexus in Neuralgic Amyotrophy
Authors: Abraham Alon , Izenberg Aaron , Dodig Dubravka , Bril Vera , Breiner Ari 
Published: October 2016

Purpose:
Neuralgic amyotrophy is characterized by acute or subacute onset of shoulder and arm pain, followed by muscle atrophy and weakness, and variable sensory abnormalities. Historically, the site of inflammation has been localized to the brachial plexus, although the involvement of individual nerve branches has been well recognized.

Methods:
We describe ultrasound findings in two cases with a clinical presentation suggestive of neuralgic amyotrophy, involving individual peripheral nerves, correlating with clinical and electrophysiological findings.

Results:
In the first case, selective fusiform enlargement of the left radial nerve in the proximal forearm is shown, whereas in the second case, fusiform enlargement of the left median nerve in the antecubital fossa is shown.

Discussion:
These cases confirm that the site of nerve inflammation may lie outside the brachial plexus, keeping with previous reports, and suggests that peripheral nerve ultrasound imaging might aid in the diagnosis of neuralgic amyotrophy and exclude mimicking conditions.
Pygopagus Conjoined Twins: A Neurophysiologic Intraoperative Monitoring Schema
Authors: Cromeens Barrett P. , McKinney Jennifer L. , Leonard Jeffrey R. , Governale Lance S. , Brown Judy L. , Henry Christina M. , Levitt Marc A. , Wood Richard J. , Besner Gail E. , Islam Monica P. 
Published: October 2016

Summary:
Conjoined twins occur in up to 1 in 50,000 live births with approximately 18% joined in a pygopagus configuration at the buttocks. Twins with this configuration display symptoms and carry surgical risks during separation related to the extent of their connection which can include anorectal, genitourinary, vertebral, and neural structures. Neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring for these cases has been discussed in the literature with variable utility. The authors present a case of pygopagus twins with fused spinal cords and imperforate anus where the use of neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring significantly impacted surgical decision-making in division of these critical structures.
The Healthy Brain Network Serial Scanning Initiative: A resource for evaluating inter-individual differences and their reliabilities across scan conditions and sessions
Authors: O’Connor David , Vega Potler Natan , Kovacs Meagan , Xu Ting , Ai Lei , Pellman John , Vanderwal Tamara , Parra Lucas , Cohen Samantha , Ghosh Satrajit , Escalera Jasmine , Grant-Villegas Natalie , Osman Yael , Bui Anastasia , Craddock R. Cameron , Milham Michael P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundAlthough typically measured during the resting state, a growing literature is illustrating the ability to map intrinsic connectivity in task and naturalistic viewing fMRI paradigms. These paradigms are drawing excitement due to their greater tolerability in clinical and developing populations and because they enable a wider range of analyses (e.g. inter-subject correlations). To be clinically useful, the test-retest reliability of connectivity measured during these paradigms needs to be established. This resource provides data for evaluating testretest reliability for full-brain connectivity patterns detected during each of four scan conditions that differ with respect to level of engagement (rest, abstract animations, movie clips, flanker task). Data is provided for thirteen participants, each scanned in twelve sessions with 10 minutes for each scan of the four conditions. Diffusion kurtosis imaging data was also obtained at each session.FindingsTechnical validation and demonstrative reliability analyses found that variation in intrinsic functional connectivity across sessions was greater than that attributable to scan condition. Between-condition reliability was generally high, particularly for the frontoparietal and default networks. Between-session reliabilities obtained separately for the different scan conditions were comparable, though notably lower than between-condition reliabilities.ConclusionsThe described resource provides a test-bed for quantifying the reliability of connectivity indices across conditions and time. The resource can be used to compare and optimize different frameworks for measuring connectivity and data collection parameters such as scan length. Additionally, investigators can explore the unique perspectives of the brain’s functional architecture offered by each of the scan conditions.
Properties of high‐methoxyl pectin extracted from “Fuji” apple pomace in China
Authors: Jiang Yang , Du Jinhua 
Published: October 2016

AbstractApple pectin (AP) was acid‐extracted from “Fuji apple” pomace, in which the pectinases had been inactivated by hot‐compressed steam, followed by purification using ethanol washing and dialysis. The yield and GalA content of the AP were 15.42% and 83.14%, respectively. In order to investigate the physicochemical properties of the AP, comparisons were made with commercial pectin A (CP‐A) and B (CP‐B). The esterification of AP (DE, 82.76%) was higher than that of the CP‐A and CP‐B, which was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. In texture analysis, AP demonstrated the highest gel rupture strength, confirming its better gelling properties. All three pectins exhibited shear‐thinning properties under steady‐shear rheological conditions, with more elastic–solid characteristics (G′ > G″) as the concentration and frequency increased; this was especially true for the AP. Furthermore, in contrast to the CP‐A and CP‐B, AP maintained its viscosity at relatively high temperatures. Our results suggest that AP has great potential for use as a thickener and stabilizer in food processing, especially at higher temperatures and pH values. AP also exhibited superior thickening and stabilizing properties at lower concentrations.Practical applicationsThe pectin described in our research exhibited high esterification and GalA content. It can effectively improve the gel rupture strength of jelly when applied to the colloid jelly food, confirming its better gelling properties. Because of its wider range of suitable gelling acidity, the pectin has been more extensively used in the food industry. The results of the temperature sweeps demonstrated that the pectin could retention a relatively high viscosity at high temperatures which are significant for the thickeners and stabilizers used in the food industry, allows fluid foods requiring heating to maintain a high viscosity at high temperatures.