bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers are not a panacea for resolving the nitrogen problem
Authors: Li Tingyu , Zhang Weifeng , Yin Jiao , Chadwick David , Norse David , Lu Yuelai , Liu Xuejun , Chen Xinping , Zhang Fusuo , Powlson David , Dou Zhengxia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractImproving nitrogen (N) management for greater agricultural output while minimizing unintended environmental consequences is critical in the endeavor of feeding the growing population sustainably amid climate change. Enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers (EEFs) have been developed to better synchronize fertilizer N release with crop uptake, offering the potential for enhanced N use efficiency (NUE) and reduced losses. Can EEFs play a significant role in helping address the N management challenge? Here we present a comprehensive analysis of worldwide studies published in 1980–2016 evaluating four major types of EEFs (polymer‐coated fertilizers PCF, nitrification inhibitors NI, urease inhibitors UI, and double inhibitors DI, i.e. urease and nitrification inhibitors combined) regarding their effectiveness in increasing yield and NUE and reducing N losses. Overall productivity and environmental efficacy depended on the combination of EEF type and cropping systems, further affected by biophysical conditions. Best scenarios include: (i) DI used in grassland (n = 133), averaging 11% yield increase, 33% NUE improvement, and 47% decrease in aggregated N loss (sum of NO3‐, NH3, and N2O, totaling 84 kg N/ha); (ii) UI in rice‐paddy systems (n = 100), with 9% yield increase, 29% NUE improvement, and 41% N‐loss reduction (16 kg N/ha). EEF efficacies in wheat and maize systems were more complicated and generally less effective. In‐depth analysis indicated that the potential benefits of EEFs might be best achieved when a need is created, for example, by downward adjusting N application from conventional rate. We conclude that EEFs can play a significant role in sustainable agricultural production but their prudent use requires firstly eliminating any fertilizer mismanagement plus the implementation of knowledge‐based N management practices.
Conservation, biopolitics, and the governance of life and death
Authors: Biermann Christine , Anderson Robert M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe politics of environmental conservation has long been a key concern for human and environmental geographers. Recently, geographers have begun to employ Foucauldian insights on biopower and biopolitics to understand conservation's changing agendas, techniques, and logics, focusing on the specific ways in which non‐human nature is ordered, ranked, and promoted. This review examines how four domains of conservation—endangered species management, conservation breeding and genetics, protected areas, and rewilding—have been conceptualized as biopolitical. In each domain, different sets of scientific practices and understandings produce valuations of life that appear natural, universal, and technically derived even as they are particular and normative. Thus, we find that there is not a single “conservation biopolitics” but instead an entanglement of overlapping and contradictory logics and techniques. At its best, the Foucauldian biopolitical approach can help to parse the range of possible logics and techniques that constitute conservation and to expand who is authorized to take part in debates and decisions about what life should be protected, how, why, and for whom.
Safety and dose‐dependency of eptacog beta (activated) in a dose escalation study of non‐bleeding congenital haemophilia A or B patients, with or without inhibitors
Authors: Ducore J. , Lawrence J. B. , Simpson M. , Boggio L. , Bellon A. , Burggraaf J. , Stevens J. , Moerland M. , Frieling J. , Reijers J. , Wang M. 
Published: October 2017

IntroductionVarying initial doses of activated eptacog beta (recombinant human FVIIa, rhFVIIa) may provide therapeutic options when treating bleeding in patients with congenital haemophilia who have developed inhibitory antibodies to factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX). This study evaluated escalated doses of a new rhFVIIa product as a prelude to selecting the doses for clinical efficacy evaluation in haemophilia patients.AimTo assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, and laboratory pharmacodynamics of 3 doses of rhFVIIa in non‐bleeding patients with congenital haemophilia A or B with or without inhibitors.MethodsAdult male patients (18‐75 years old) with congenital haemophilia A or B (with or without inhibitors) received infusions of rhFVIIa at doses of 25, 75 or 225 μg/kg body weight. Ten patients were treated at each dose level, and each patient received 2 different dose levels. Descriptive methods were used to analyse the data.ResultsAdministration of rhFVIIa at all doses was well tolerated. Pharmacokinetic analyses showed that peak FVIIa plasma levels (Cmax) were approximately proportional to dose and correlated well with peak thrombin generation. Total AUC0‐inf also was approximately dose proportional. Clot formation and duration correlated with FVIIa activity. Repeat doses did not produce an immunological response.ConclusionIn the first dose‐escalation study of rhFVIIa to support product registration, eptacog beta at doses of 25, 75, and 225 μg/kg was pharmacodynamically active and well tolerated in non‐bleeding patients with congenital haemophilia A or B.
The role of frequent HIV testing in diagnosing HIV in men who have sex with men
Authors: Furegato M , Mitchell H , Ogaz D , Woodhall S , Connor N , Hughes G , Nardone A , Mohammed H 
Published: October 2017

ObjectivesIn the UK, quarterly HIV testing is recommended for high‐risk men who have sex with men (MSM). In this manuscript we determined the risk of being newly diagnosed with HIV in MSM by their HIV testing history, considering both the frequency and periodicity of testing.MethodsData on HIV incidence in MSM attending a sexual health clinic (SHC) in England in 2013−2014 with testing history (previous 2 years) were obtained from GUMCAD, the national sexually transmitted infection (STI) surveillance system in England. HIV testing patterns among MSM were defined using the frequency and periodicity of testing, based on 3 month intervals, in the year preceding the first attendance during the study period. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to determine the association between HIV testing pattern and time to HIV diagnosis with and without adjustment for demographic confounders. Analyses were stratified by risk stratum, with ‘high risk’ defined as a history of a bacterial STI in the past year. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported.ResultsAmong the 37 702 HIV‐negative MSM attending an SHC in 2013−2014, 1105 (3%) were diagnosed with HIV infection within 1 year of their first attendance. The probability of HIV diagnosis was highest in MSM who were tested quarterly compared with those who were not tested in the past year (aHR 2.51; 95% CI 1.33–4.74); this increased 1.8‐fold among high‐risk MSM (aHR 4.48; 95% CI 0.97–21.17).ConclusionsThe probability of subsequent HIV diagnosis was greatest in high‐risk MSM who were tested most frequently. Quarterly HIV testing increased the likelihood of identifying undiagnosed HIV infection and should remain a continued recommendation for high‐risk MSM.
Dermatoscopic evaluation and histopathological correlation of acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation
Authors: Vinay Keshavamurthy , Bishnoi Anuradha , Parsad Davinder , Saikia Uma N. , Sendhil Kumaran Muthu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundAcquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation (ADMH) is a hypernym encompassing Riehl's melanosis, lichen planus pigmentosus, and ashy dermatoses that show significant clinicopathological overlap. We sought to describe the dermatoscopic features of ADMH and correlate them with histopathological findings.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study performed in two phases. A detailed clinical and dermatoscopic examination was performed, and skin biopsies were obtained in 51 patients. Two dermatologists and a blinded dermatopathologist studied archived dermatoscopic images and histopathology specimens, respectively.ResultsDermatoscopic features noted were (i) pigment structures; dots (82.4%), globules (66.7%) and blotches (56.9%) that spared the eccrine and hair follicle openings; (ii) telangiectasia (82.4%); (iii) accentuation of the normal pseudoreticular pigmentary network (33.3%); (iv) owl's eye structures (15.7%). Four dermatoscopic grades of disease severity were identified: grade 1 – dotted; grade 2 – Chinese letter; grade 3 – reticulate; and grade 4 – diffuse. Density of melanin incontinence on histopathology correlated positively with size of pigment structures (r = 0.7, P < 0.000) and grades of disease severity (r = 0.75, P < 0.000) on dermatoscopy.ConclusionIncreasing grades of disease severity can be detected dermatoscopically, which correlate well with histopathological features. A carefully performed dermatoscopy aids in better patient counseling regarding disease severity.
Workplace unionism under decentralised bargaining in France: a case study of the CGT in the car industry
Authors: Reaney Ruth , Cullinane Niall 
Published: October 2017

AbstractConsidering recent theoretical accounts on the trajectory of French unionism under localised bargaining, this article examines potential consequences for the country's traditionally largest radical union, Confédération Générale du Travail (CGT). Deploying a case study of CGT at PSA Peugeot Citroёn and Renault in the years since the 2008 automotive crisis, the article observes a persistent pattern of militant opposition within company and plant union sections. Company bargaining structure, interunion reformist collaboration and electoral considerations are identified as workplace mechanisms reinforcing CGT actions at this level.
Roughness of oxide glass subcritical fracture surfaces
Authors: Pallares Gaël , Lechenault Frédéric , George Matthieu , Bouchaud Elisabeth , Ottina Cédric , Rountree Cindy L. , Ciccotti Matteo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAn original setup combining a very stable loading stage, an atomic force microscope and an environmental chamber, allows to obtain very stable subcritical fracture propagation in oxide glasses under controlled environment, and subsequently to finely characterize the nanometric roughness properties of the crack surfaces. The analysis of the surface roughness is conducted both in terms of the classical root mean square roughness to compare with the literature, and in terms of more physically adequate indicators related to the self‐affine nature of the fracture surfaces. Due to the comparable nanometric scale of the surface roughness, the AFM tip size and the instrumental noise, a special care is devoted to the statistical evaluation of the metrologic properties. The roughness amplitude of several oxide glasses was shown to decrease as a function of the stress intensity factor, to be quite insensitive to the relative humidity and to increase with the degree of heterogeneity of the glass. The results are discussed in terms of several modeling arguments concerning the coupling between crack propagation, material's heterogeneity, crack tip plastic deformation and water diffusion at the crack tip. A synthetic new model is presented combining the predictions of a model by Wiederhorn et al (J Non‐Cryst Solids, 353, 1582‐1591, 2007) on the effect of the material's heterogeneity on the crack tip stresses with the self‐affine nature of the fracture surfaces.
Fracture toughness of random fibrous materials with ultrahigh porosity at elevated temperatures
Authors: Li Datao , Yu Wenshan , Xia Wei , Fang Qinzhi , Shen Shengping 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe fracture toughness of three‐dimensional random fibrous (3D RF) material was investigated from room temperature to 1273 K by virtue of experimental method, theoretical model and Finite Element Method (FEM) in the through‐the‐thickness (TTT) and in‐plane (IP) directions. The experiments showed that the fracture toughness in the TTT and IP directions increases (from 0.0617 to 0.0924 Mpa·m1/2 and from 0.2958 to 0.3982 Mpa·m1/2 for the TTT and IP directions, respectively) as the temperature until reaching a transition temperature (1123 K and 1223 K for the TTT and IP directions, respectively), then the fracture toughness decreases from 0.0924 to 0.0393 Mpa·m1/2 and from 0.3982 to 0.3106 Mpa·m1/2 for the TTT and IP directions, respectively. The fracture behavior was related to the bulk microstructures, the mechanical properties of fibers and the blunting of crack tip. The crack tip blunting affected the fracture toughness at elevated temperatures which was verified using the theoretical model. A FEM model with a single edge crack where special attention was drawn to the influence of the morphological characteristic was developed to simulate the fracture behavior of 3D RF material. Numerical results from the FEM modeling along with a theoretical model with crack tip blunting mechanism incorporated agreed well with the experimental results.
Linc00511 acts as a competing endogenous RNA to regulate VEGFA expression through sponging hsa‐miR‐29b‐3p in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Xiaohui , Liu Yimin , Li Zhihua , Zheng Shangyou , Wang Zairui , Li Wenzhu , Bi Zhuofei , Li Liting , Jiang Yanhui , Luo Yuming , Lin Qing , Fu Zhiqiang , Rufu Chen 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators in pathological processes, yet their potential roles in PDAC are poorly understood. Here, we identify a fundamental role for a novel lincRNA, linc00511, in the progression of PDAC. Linc00511 levels in PDAC tissue specimens and cell lines were examined by quantitative real‐time PCR. Corresponding adjacent non‐neoplastic tissues were used as controls. The function of linc00511 in PDAC cell lines was determined by RNA interference approach in vitro and in vivo. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize linc00511 expression in PDAC cells. Insights of the mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were obtained from bioinformatic analysis, luciferase assays and RIP assays. The association between the linc00511/hsa‐miR29b‐3p axis and VEGFA was verified by Western blotting assay. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of VEGFA in PDAC samples. The aberrant up‐regulation of linc00511 was detected in PDAC cell lines and patient specimens compared with controls. An increase in linc00511 expression indicates the adverse clinical pathological characteristics and poor prognosis. Functionally, linc00511 depletion in PDAC cells decreased proliferation, migration, invasion and endothelial tube formation. Mechanistically, linc00511 could up‐regulate VEGFA via its competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) activity on hsa‐miR‐29b‐3p. In summary, our results define an important axis controlling proliferation, invasion and tumour angiogenesis in PDAC. Linc00511 is a novel lncRNA that plays a significant regulatory role in the pathogenesis and progression of PDAC. Thus, Linc00511 represents a new prognostic biomarker to predict clinical outcome of PDAC patients after surgery and may serve as a potential therapeutic target for PDAC treatment.
Restoration contour is a risk indicator for peri‐implantitis: A cross‐sectional radiographic analysis
Authors: Katafuchi Michitsuna , Weinstein Bradley F. , Leroux Brian G. , Chen Yen‐Wei , Daubert Diane M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to determine whether restoration emergence angle was associated with peri‐implantitis.Materials and MethodsA data set consisting of 96 patients with 225 implants (mean follow‐up: 10.9 years) was utilized. Implants were divided into bone‐level and tissue‐level groups, and radiographs were analysed to determine the restoration emergence angles, as well as restoration profiles (convex or concave). Peri‐implantitis was diagnosed based on probing depth and radiographic bone loss. Associations between peri‐implantitis and emergence angles/profiles were assessed using generalized estimating equations.ResultsEighty‐three patients with 168 implants met inclusion criteria. The prevalence of peri‐implantitis was significantly greater in the bone‐level group when the emergence angle was >30 degrees compared to an angle ≤30 degrees (31.3% versus 15.1%, p = .04). In the tissue‐level group, no such correlation was found. For bone‐level implants, when a convex profile was combined with an angle of >30 degrees, the prevalence of peri‐implantitis was 37.8% with a statistically significant interaction between emergence angle and profile (p = .003).ConclusionsEmergence angle of >30 degrees is a significant risk indicator for peri‐implantitis and convex profile creates an additional risk for bone‐level implants, but not for tissue‐level implants.
Impact of extremely low‐birth‐weight status on risk and resilience for depression and anxiety in adulthood
Authors: Van Lieshout Ryan J. , Boyle Michael H. , Favotto Lindsay , Krzeczkowski John E. , Savoy Calan , Saigal Saroj , Schmidt Louis A. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundPreterm birth is associated with an increased risk of depression and anxiety, but it is not known if this is due to greater exposure to risk, or if perinatal adversity amplifies the impact of traditional risk factors. This study sought to determine if exposure to perinatal adversity modifies associations between traditional risk and resilience factors and depression and anxiety in adulthood.MethodsA sample of 142 extremely low‐birth‐weight (ELBW < 1,000 g) survivors and 133 sociodemographically matched normal birth weight (NBW) control participants was followed longitudinally to 22–26 years of age. Separate postnatal risk and resilience scales were created using eight risk and seven resilience factors, respectively. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the internalizing scale of the Young Adult Self‐Report (YASR). This scale was also dichotomized at the 90th percentile to define clinically significant psychopathology.ResultsWhile the average number of risk exposures did not differ between groups, ELBW survivors were more susceptible to risk than NBW control participants. For the ELBW group, each additional risk factor resulted in a 2‐point increase in internalizing scores, and two and a half times the odds of clinically significant internalizing symptoms (OR = 2.47, 95% CI = 1.63, 3.76). The protective effect of resiliency factors was also blunted among ELBW survivors.ConclusionsExtremely low‐birth‐weight survivors may be more sensitive to traditional risk factors for psychopathology and less protected by resiliency factors. Intervention strategies aimed at preventing or reducing exposure to traditional childhood risk factors for psychopathology may reduce the burden of mental illness in adult survivors of prematurity.
Anticlockwise pressure–temperature paths record Variscan upper‐plate exhumation: Example from micaschists of the Porto Vecchio region, Corsica
Authors: Massonne Hans‐Joachim , Cruciani Gabriele , Franceschelli Marcello , Musumeci Giovanni 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTTo better understand the evolution of deep‐seated crust of the Variscan orogen in the Sardinia‐Corsica region, we studied garnet‐bearing micaschists which were sampled 3 km east and 15 km northeast of Porto Vecchio, south‐eastern Corsica. After a careful investigation of the textural relations and compositions of minerals, especially of zoned garnet, a P–T path was reconstructed using contoured P–T pseudosections. U–Th–Pb dating of monazite in the micaschists was undertaken with the electron microprobe. The micaschists from both localities were formed along similar anticlockwise P–T paths. The prograde branch of these paths starts at 3 kbar close to 600°C in the P–T field of sillimanite and reaches peak conditions at 7 kbar and 600 (15 km NE of Porto Vecchio) to 630°C (3 km E of Porto Vecchio). The metamorphism at peak P–T conditions happened c. 340 Ma based on low‐Y (<0.65 wt% Y2O3) monazite. Ages of monazite with high‐Y contents (>2 wt% Y2O3), which probably have formed before garnet, scatter around 362 Ma. The retrograde branch of the P–T paths passes through 4 kbar at ~550°C. We conclude that the micaschists belong to a common metasedimentary sequence, which extends over the Porto Vecchio region and is separated from other metamorphic rock sequences in the north and the south by major tectonic boundaries. This sequence had experienced peak pressures which are lower than those determined for metamorphic rocks, such as micaschist and gneiss, from north‐eastern Sardinia. At present, we favour a continent–continent collisional scenario with the studied metasedimentary sequence buried during the collisional event as part of the upper plate. The contemporaneous high‐P metamorphic rocks from NE Sardinia were part of the upper portion of the lower plate. The addressed rocks from both plates were exhumed in an exhumation channel.
Ultrasonographic aspects of the Leontopithecus gestation (Lesson, 1840—Callitrichidae, Primates)
Authors: Luz Marcelline Santos , Vidal Fabrício Delgado , Burity Carlos Henrique Freitas , Bobány Denise de Mello , Pissinatti Alcides 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundThere is a concern about conservation of endangered species today. Among this species, the Leontopithecus (Lesson, 1840) is outstanding. Its population has been whirling reduced. So far the reproductive physiology of Leontopithecus has few studies, it is fundamental requisite to preserve this species. Obstetric sonography has become an essential method in reproductive management of primates.MethodThis method is very helpful to detect early pregnancy and evaluate some deficiency of fetal growth. In this study, 14 pregnancies were monitored using real‐time abdominal sonography. During each evaluation, the number of fetus was recorded, gestational sac and heart beats were observed, and biparietal diameter was measured.ResultsThe results showed that abdominal sonography is a reliable method for observation of gross morphological changes during pre‐natal development and to estimate gestational age. No statistically differences were observed between twins and singletons. This study is the first investigation of pre‐natal growth in Leontopithecus.
The Paradox of Financial Fire Sales: The Role of Arbitrage Capital in Determining Liquidity
Authors: DOW JAMES , HAN JUNGSUK 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTHow can fire sales for financial assets happen when the economy contains well‐capitalized but nonspecialist investors? Our explanation combines rational expectations equilibrium and “lemons” models. When specialist (informed) market participants are liquidity‐constrained, prices become less informative. This creates an adverse selection problem, decreasing the supply of high‐quality assets, and lowering valuations by nonspecialist (uninformed) investors, who become unwilling to supply capital to support the price. In normal times, arbitrage capital can “multiply” itself by making uninformed capital function as informed capital, but in a crisis, this stabilizing mechanism fails.