bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of Brain Injuries and Recurrence of Seizures in Children With Posttraumatic Seizures
Authors: Badawy Mohamed K. , Dayan Peter S. , Tunik Michael G. , Nadel Frances M. , Lillis Kathleen A. , Miskin Michelle , Borgialli Dominic A. , Bachman Michael C. , Atabaki Shireen M. , Hoyle John D. , Holmes James F. , Kuppermann Nathan ,   the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectivesComputed tomography (CT) is often used in the emergency department (ED) evaluation of children with posttraumatic seizures (PTS); however, the frequency of traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) and short‐term seizure recurrence is lacking. Our main objective was to evaluate the frequency of TBIs on CT and short‐term seizure recurrence in children with PTS. We also aimed to determine the associations between the likelihood of TBI on CT with the timing of onset of PTS after the traumatic event and duration of PTS. Finally, we aimed to determine whether patients with normal CT scans and normal neurological examinations are safe for discharge from the ED.MethodsThis was a planned secondary analysis from a prospective observational cohort study to derive and validate a neuroimaging decision rule for children after blunt head trauma at 25 EDs in the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network. We evaluated children < 18 years with head trauma and PTS between June 2004 and September 2006. We assessed TBI on CT, neurosurgical interventions, and recurrent seizures within 1 week. Patients discharged from the ED were contacted by telephone 1 week to 3 months later.ResultsOf 42,424 children enrolled, 536 (1.3%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.2%–1.4%) had PTS. A total of 466 of 536 (86.9%, 95% CI = 83.8%–89.7%) underwent CT in the ED. TBIs on CT were identified in 72 (15.5%, 95% CI = 12.3%–19.1%), of whom 20 (27.8%, 95% CI = 17.9%–39.6%) underwent neurosurgical intervention and 15 (20.8%, 95% CI = 12.2%–32.0%) had recurrent seizures. Of the 464 without TBIs on CT (or no CTs performed), 457 had recurrent seizure status known, and five (1.1%, 95 CI = 0.4%–2.5%) had recurrent seizures; four of five presented with Glasgow Coma Scale scores < 15. None of the 464 underwent neurosurgical intervention. We found significant associations between likelihood of TBI on CT with longer time until the PTS after the traumatic event (p = 0.006) and longer duration of PTS (p < 0.001).ConclusionsChildren with PTS have a high likelihood of TBI on CT, and those with TBI on CT frequently require neurosurgical interventions and frequently have recurrent seizures. Those without TBIs on CT, however, are at low risk of short‐term recurrent seizures, and none required neurosurgical interventions. Therefore, if CT‐negative and neurologically normal, patients with PTS may be safely considered for discharge from the ED.
Flow‐Field Simulations and Hemolysis Estimates for the Food and Drug Administration Critical Path Initiative Centrifugal Blood Pump
Authors: Heck Margaret L. , Yen Allen , Snyder Trevor A. , O'Rear Edgar A. , Papavassiliou Dimitrios V. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe design of blood pumps for use in ventricular assist devices, which provide life‐saving circulatory support in patients with heart failure, require remarkable precision and attention to detail to replicate the functionality of the native heart. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) initiated a Critical Path Initiative to standardize and facilitate the use of computational fluid dynamics in the study and development of these devices. As a part of the study, a simplified centrifugal blood pump model generated by computer‐aided design was released to universities and laboratories nationwide. The effects of changes in fluid rheology due to temperature, hematocrit, and turbulent flow on key metrics of the FDA pump were examined in depth using results from a finite volume‐based commercial computational fluid dynamics code. Differences in blood damage indices obtained using Eulerian and Lagrangian formulations were considered. These results are presented and discussed awaiting future validation using experimental results, which will be released by the FDA at a future date.
Systematic evaluation of paediatric cohort with iron refractory iron deficiency anaemia (IRIDA) phenotype reveals multiple TMPRSS6 gene variations
Authors: Bhatia Prateek , Singh Aditya , Hegde Avani , Jain Richa , Bansal Deepak 
Published: February 2017

SummarySystematic screening identified patients with an iron refractory iron deficiency anaemia (IRIDA) phenotype and genotype in iron‐deficient children in the Indian subcontinent. Cases of moderate to severe microcytosis and anaemia with no obvious cause and normal C‐reactive protein, HbA2 and tissue transglutaminase antibody levels (n = 550) were put on a trial of oral iron for 4 weeks. Sixty of these 550 cases (11%) were variably refractory to oral iron therapy (<10 g/l Hb rise) at 4–6 weeks and were subsequently evaluated for plasma iron, ferritin and hepcidin levels. The mean age of this cohort was 2.06 years. Low‐normal to normal ferritin and normal to high hepcidin levels were noted in 25/60 (41.6%) and 47/60 (78.3%), respectively. An IRIDA phenotype was noted in 38.3% (23/60) based on standard criteria. TMPRSS6 gene sequencing in 20 cases with IRIDA phenotype revealed 9 potentially deleterious intronic and two benign exonic variations in 12/20 cases (60%). Of these, 4 intronic and both exonic variations were noted in multiple cases and are likely to act synergistically leading to an IRIDA phenotype. However, given that only 38% (23/60 cases) of cases with iron refractoriness had IRIDA phenotype, a balanced approach is needed and other causes for refractoriness should be investigated before genetic studies for TMPRSS6 are undertaken.
Tree Branch Level of Detail Models for Forest Navigation
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Bao Guanbo , Meng Weiliang , Jaeger Marc , Li Hongjun , Deussen Oliver , Chen Baoquan 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe present a level of detail (LOD) method designed for tree branches. It can be combined with methods for processing tree foliage to facilitate navigation through large virtual forests. Starting from a skeletal representation of a tree, we fit polygon meshes of various densities to the skeleton while the mesh density is adjusted according to the required visual fidelity. For distant models, these branch meshes are gradually replaced with semi‐transparent lines until the tree recedes to a few lines. Construction of these complete LOD models is guided by error metrics to ensure smooth transitions between adjacent LOD models. We then present an instancing technique for discrete LOD branch models, consisting of polygon meshes plus semi‐transparent lines. Line models with different transparencies are instanced on the GPU by merging multiple tree samples into a single model. Our technique reduces the number of draw calls in GPU and increases rendering performance. Our experiments demonstrate that large‐scale forest scenes can be rendered with excellent detail and shadows in real time.
Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist Prevents Memory Deficits and Synaptic Plasticity Disruption Following Isoflurane Exposure
Authors: Luo Tao , Wang Ying , Qin Jian , Liu Zhi‐Gang , Liu Min 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackgroundExposure to pharmacological concentration of inhaled anesthetics such as isoflurane can cause short‐ or long‐term cognitive impairments in preclinical studies. The selective antagonists of the histamine H3 receptors are considered as a promising group of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of cognitive disorders. In this study, we investigated whether ciproxifan, a nonimidazole antagonist of H3 histamine receptors, could overcome the functional and electrophysiological sequela associated with isoflurane anesthesia.MethodsAdult male Sprague Dawley rats were exposed to 1.4% isoflurane or vehicle gas for 2 h. The memory tests (novel object recognition and passive avoidance) as well as in vivo hippocampal excitatory synaptic potentials were recorded 24 h postanesthesia. Locomotor activity, anxiety, and nociception 24 h after isoflurane were also examined. The drugs (ciproxifan 3 mg/kg or saline) were intraperitoneally injected 30 min prior to the behavioral tests or long‐term potentiation induction.ResultsAnimals that were previously (24 h) exposed to 1.4% isoflurane for 2 h displayed no preference for novel objects and had impaired retention of a passive avoidance response at 1 h after sample phase. Treating isoflurane‐exposed rats with ciproxifan significantly improved the memory performance, as evidenced by an increased discrimination ratio in objects recognition and prolonged retention time in passive avoidance test. Accordingly, hippocampus long‐term potentiation was reduced in animals that received isoflurane, while administration of ciproxifan completely abolished the effect of isoflurane exposure on synaptic plasticity. Neither isoflurane nor ciproxifan altered motor performance, anxiety, and nociceptive responses.ConclusionThese results suggest that H3R in the CNS, probably in the hippocampus, may serve as therapeutic target for improvement of anesthesia‐associated cognitive deficits.
18F‐FDG PET/CT for planning external beam radiotherapy alters therapy in 11% of 581 patients
Authors: Birk Christensen Charlotte , Loft‐Jakobsen Annika , Munck af Rosenschöld Per , Højgaard Liselotte , Roed Henrik , Berthelsen Anne K. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryBackground18F‐FDG PET/CT (FDG PET/CT) used in radiotherapy planning for extra‐cerebral malignancy may reveal metastases to distant sites that may affect the choice of therapy.AimTo investigate the role of FDG PET/CT on treatment strategy changes induced by the use of PET/CT as part of the radiotherapy planning. ‘A major change of treatment strategy’ was defined as either including more lesions in the gross tumour volume (GTV) distant from the primary tumour or a change in treatment modalities.MethodsThe study includes 581 consecutive patients who underwent an FDG PET/CT scan for radiotherapy planning in our institution in the year 2008. All PET/CT scans were performed with the patient in treatment position with the use of immobilization devices according to the intended radiotherapy treatment. All scans were evaluated by a nuclear medicine physician together with a radiologist to delineate PET‐positive GTV (GTV‐PET).ResultsFor 63 of the patients (11%), the PET/CT simulation scans resulted in a major change in treatment strategy because of the additional diagnostic information. Changes were most frequently observed in patients with lung cancer (20%) or upper gastrointestinal cancer (12%). In 65% of the patients for whom the PET/CT simulation scan revealed unexpected dissemination, radiotherapy was given – changed (n = 38) or unchanged (n = 13) according to the findings on the FDG PET/CT.ConclusionUnexpected dissemination on the FDG PET/CT scanning performed for radiotherapy planning caused a change in treatment strategy in 11% of 581 patients.
Physiological responses during the practice of synchronized swimming: a systematic review
Authors: Ponciano Kátia , Miranda Maria Luiza de Jesus , Homma Miwako , Miranda João Marcelo Queiroz , Figueira Júnior Aylton J. , Meira Júnior Cássio De Miranda , Bocalini Danilo Sales 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis study is aimed at analysing the scientific literature related to physiological responses in synchronized swimmers, produced from 2006 to 2016. A systematic review was conducted using electronic databases (Google Scholar, PubMed, SportDiscus, Web Science, Scielo and Scopus) in national and international journals. The articles were selected using the following inclusion criteria: composed samples of synchronized swimmers of both sexes, articles in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published from 2006 to 2016. Ten studies were included. The concentration of the articles and their publication was as follows: Europe (77%) and North America (23%). The protocols used analyse physiological responses in synchronized swimmers athletes during competitions or laboratory tests, lactate measurements, heart rate, rates of perceived exertion, VO2 and lung volume. The subjects of 100% of the studies included in this review were athletes of junior and senior categories who volunteered. Only 03 of the 10 studies have compared the physiological responses in volunteers who were not synchronized swimmers to synchronized swimmer athletes. The studies were conducted using different methodologies, which makes it difficult to compare them, so the standardization of instruments and definitions is essential for the scientific advancement in this field. In addition, it would be interesting to expand the research of these physiological responses in synchronized swimmers using base level or beginners as sample.
The Mass Psychology of Classroom Discourse
Authors: Backer David I. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn a majority of cases observed in classrooms over the last several decades, what has gone by the name “discussion” is not discussion, but rather an interaction better known as recitation. If one sees this phenomenon as a problem, then an aspect of its resolution must be theoretical (as opposed to empirical or pedagogical): What series of conceptual terms might we adopt such that recitation does not pass for discussion? Such a theoretical response would have to address internal and external, or subjective and intersubjective, phenomena to describe what it means to participate in an interaction like discussion or recitation. Next the theory would have to explain the differences between interactions such as discussion and recitation in robust terms. Finally, these robust differences would have to prevent the “mistaking” of discussion for recitation, and vice versa. David Backer sets out to accomplish these three goals in the following essay. The theory he builds relies on a distinction between two psychological‐affective states: dehiscence and melancholia. Backer argues that recitation forms a mass through melancholic introjection of a single object, while discussion forms a group that dehiscently introjects no particular object at all. The chief finding of this essay is that viewing discussion and recitation through the mass‐psychological lens offers a new way to examine what kind of relations of influence and power form during classroom discourse and, specifically, the political significance of those discourses.
Effects of management and pore characteristics on organic matter composition of macroaggregates: evidence from characterization of organic matter and imaging
Authors: Toosi E. R. , Kravchenko A. N. , Mao J. , Quigley M. Y. , Rivers M. L. 
Published: February 2017

Macroaggregates are of interest because of their fast response to land management and their role in the loss or restoration of soil organic carbon (SOC). The study included two experiments. In Experiment I, we investigated the effect of long‐term (27 years) land management on the chemical composition of organic matter (OM) of macroaggregates. Macroaggregates were sampled from topsoil under conventional cropping, cover cropping and natural succession systems. The OM of macroaggregates from conventional cropping was more decomposed than that of cover cropping and especially natural succession, based on larger δ15N values and decomposition indices determined by multiple magic‐angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP/MAS NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Previous research at the sites studied suggested that this was mainly because of reduced diversity and activity of the decomposer community, change in nutrient stoichiometry from fertilization and contrasting formation pathways of macroaggregates in conventional cropping compared with cover cropping and, specifically, natural succession. In Experiment II, we investigated the relation between OM composition and pore characteristics of macroaggregates. Macroaggregates from the natural succession system only were studied. We determined 3‐D pore‐size distribution of macroaggregates with X‐ray microtomography, for which we cut the macroaggregates into sections that had contrasting dominant pore sizes. Then, we characterized the OM of macroaggregate sections with FTIR and δ15N methods. The results showed that within a macroaggregate, the OM was less decomposed in areas where the small (13–32 µm) or large (136–260 µm) pores were abundant. This was attributed to the role of large pores in supplying fresh OM and small pores in the effective protection of OM in macroaggregates. Previous research at the site studied had shown increased abundance of large and small intra‐aggregate pores following adoption of less intensive management systems. It appears that land management can alter the OM composition of macroaggregates, partly by the regulation of OM turnover at the intra‐aggregate scale.HighlightsOM and pore characteristics were studied in soil macroaggregates under different land management.
Long‐term intensive land management increased degree of OM decomposition in macroaggregates.
Abundance of < 32 and > 136 µm pores was positively related to less decomposed OM.
Land management may affect rate of SOM turnover by changing intra‐aggregate pore‐size distribution.
A convolutional neural network to classify American Sign Language fingerspelling from depth and colour images
Authors: Ameen Salem , Vadera Sunil 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSign language is used by approximately 70 million (http://wfdeaf.org/human‐rights/crpd/sign‐language) people throughout the world, and an automatic tool for interpreting it could make a major impact on communication between those who use it and those who may not understand it. However, computer interpretation of sign language is very difficult given the variability in size, shape, and position of the fingers or hands in an image. Hence, this paper explores the applicability of deep learning for interpreting sign language and develops a convolutional neural network aimed at classifying fingerspelling images using both image intensity and depth data. The developed convolutional network is evaluated by applying it to the problem of fingerspelling recognition for American Sign Language. The evaluation shows that the developed convolutional network performs better than previous studies and has precision of 82% and recall of 80%. Analysis of the confusion matrix from the evaluation reveals the underlying difficulties of classifying some particular signs, which are discussed in the paper.
Accumulation of soil organic carbon after cropland conversion to short‐rotation willow and poplar
Authors: Georgiadis Petros , Vesterdal Lars , Stupak Inge , Raulund‐Rasmussen Karsten 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe demand for bioenergy has increased the interest in short‐rotation woody crops (SRWCs) in temperate zones. With increased litter input and ceased annual soil cultivation, SRWC plantations may become soil carbon sinks for climate change mitigation. A chronosequence of 26 paired plots was used to study the potential for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) under SRWC willow and poplar after conversion from cropland (CR) on well‐drained soils. We estimated SOC stocks in SRWC stands and adjacent CR and related the difference to time since conversion, energy crop species, SOC stock of the adjacent CR (proxy for initial SOC of SRWC) and the fine soil percentage (<63 μm) (FS). Soil cores to 40 cm depth were sampled and separated by layers of fixed depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, 15–25 and 25–40 cm). Additionally, soils were sampled from soil pits by genetic horizons to 100 cm depth. Comparisons of SOC stocks by equivalent soil masses showed that mean SOC stocks in SRWC were 1.7 times higher than those of CR in the top 5 cm of the soil (P < 0.001). The differences between SRWC and CR remained significant for the plough layer (0–25 cm) by a factor of 1.2 (P = 0.003), while no changes were detectable for the 0–40 cm (P = 0.32), or for the entire 0–100 cm soil layer (P = 0.29). The SOC stock ratio, that is the ratio of SOC stock in SRWC relative to CR, did not change significantly with time since conversion, although there was a tendency to an increase over time for the top 40 cm (P = 0.09). The SOC stock ratio was negatively correlated to SOC in CR and FS percentage, but there was no significant difference between willow and poplar at any depth. Our results suggest that SOC stocks in the plough layer increase after conversion to SRWC.
Exploring dental student participation in interdisciplinary care team conferences in long‐term care
Authors: Huynh Jeremy , Donnelly Leeann R. , Brondani Mario A. 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to explore how the participation of dental hygiene students in interdisciplinary care conferences conducted in long‐term care (LTC) facilities influenced the staff's awareness of oral health, the student's provision of care as well as the student's ability to work on an interdisciplinary team.BackgroundOral health in LTC continues to be poor despite many educational and clinical interventions. The care of a frail elder requires an interdisciplinary team approach, yet dental professionals are often absent from these teams. As an educational intervention, dental hygiene students, in addition to providing clinical care to residents and education to staff in a LTC facility, have been participating in interdisciplinary care conferences for 4 years.MethodsNine LTC facility staff and eight students participated in two focus groups and five personal interviews to discuss their experiences of the care conferences. Narratives were transcribed verbatim and thematic analysis was conducted.ResultsFour major themes emerged that described the essence of the experience of involving dental professionals within interdisciplinary care conference: (i) addressing oral health, (ii) reciprocal learning, (iii) dealing with complexity and (iv) impact of collaborative care.ConclusionOverall, students found the educational intervention to be worthwhile that allowed for the development of interdisciplinary skills and a greater understanding of dental geriatrics. The dental support in care conferences was welcomed by the staff as it facilitated a new way of exchanging knowledge and experiences so that a more holistic approach to care could be undertaken by all.
Destination Choice of the Newly Arrived Immigrants to the U.S. from 2000 to 2005–2007: A Multivariate Explanation for Immigrants from Top Source Countries
Authors: Huang Ting , Bruce Newbold K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractUsing the PUMS files of the 2000 U.S. Census and 2005–2007 merged ACS data, we study the metropolitan destination choices made by newly arrived immigrants from seven top source countries between 2000 and 2007. Using a multinomial logit model, we find that the dispersion of new immigrant groups varies by origin, although all groups were subject to 1) the attraction of co‐ethnic communities, and 2) the positive effects of labor market conditions in the destination (especially the employment growth rate). However, co‐ethnic concentration is much more important than labor market conditions in the destination choice decision, particularly for the poorly educated. Conversely, there is a strong negative effect of co‐ethnic concentration on highly educated new immigrants, revealing a dispersed geographical pattern of these highly educated immigrants. We also find the importance of employment share growth rate for highly educated immigrants which suggests that they are more sensitive to the upward employment structure at the destination than a specific job growth rate, and they may not be attracted by a metropolitan area with a low‐quality employment structure, despite whether there was an increase in high‐level jobs.