bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel insights into electrical transport mechanism in ionic‐polaronic glasses
Authors: Nikolić Juraj , Pavić Luka , Šantić Ana , Mošner Petr , Koudelka Ladislav , Pajić Damir , Moguš‐Milanković Andrea 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTransformation of electrical transport from ionic to polaronic in glasses, which are a potential class of new cathode materials, has been investigated in four series containing WO3/MoO3 and Li+/Na+ ions, namely: xWO3–(30−0.5x)Li2O–(30−0.5x)ZnO–40P2O5, xWO3–(30−0.5x)Na2O–(30.5x)ZnO–40P2O5, xMoO3–(30−0.5x)Li2O–(30−0.5x)ZnO–40P2O5, and xMoO3–(30−0.5x)Na2O–(30−0.5x)ZnO–40P2O5, 0 ≤ x ≤ 60, (mol%). This study reports a detailed analysis of the role of structural modifications and its implications on the origin of electrical transport in these mixed ionic‐polaron glasses. Raman spectra show the clustering of WO6 units by the formation of W–O–W bonds in glasses with high WO3 content while the coexistence of MoO4 and MoO6 units is evidenced in glasses containing MoO3 with no clustering of MoO6 octahedra. Consequently, DC conductivity of tungstate glasses with either Li+ or Na+ exhibits a transition from ionic to polaronic showing a minimum at about 20‐30 mol% of WO3 as a result of ion‐polaron interactions followed by a sharp increase for six orders of magnitude as WO3 content increases. The formation of WO6 clusters involved in W‐O‐W linkages for tungsten glasses plays a key role in significant increase in DC conductivity. On the other hand, DC conductivity is almost constant for glasses containing MoO3 suggesting an independent ionic and polaronic transport pathways for glasses containing 10‐50 mol% of MoO3.
Cisplatin chemotherapy impairs the peri‐implant bone repair around titanium implants: An in vivo study in rats
Authors: Matheus Henrique Rinaldi , Ervolino Edilson , Faleiros Paula Lazilha , Novaes Vivian Cristina Noronha , Theodoro Leticia Helena , Garcia Valdir Gouveia , de Almeida Juliano Milanezi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study in animals was to evaluate the peri‐implant bone repair against systemic administration of the antineoplastic agent.Material and methodsWe used 84 male rats (Rattus norvegicus, albinus, Wistar), divided into two groups: cisplatin (CIS) and saline solution (SS). The titanium implants were inserted into the right tibia at day 0 in all animals from both groups. Group SS received SS intraperitoneally at 15 and 17 days postoperatively. Group CIS received 5 and 2.5 mg/kg of CIS intraperitoneally at 15 and 17 days postoperatively, respectively. Euthanasia was performed at 22, 30 and 60 days postoperatively. Twenty‐four undecalcified specimens were prepared for histometric analysis of bone/implant contact (BIC). Sixty specimens were selected to bone area (BA) measurement, histological analysis and immunohistochemical analysis of RUNX‐2, osteocalcin (OCN) and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). BIC and BA were considered to be the primary outcome parameters.ResultsGroup CIS showed lower BIC (11.87 ± 0.97 mm; 19.19 ± 0.8 mm; 17.69 ± 1.05 mm; p ≤ .05) and BA (3.68 ± 1.29 mm2; 3.05 ± 0.88 mm2; 3.23 ± 0.67 mm2; p ≤ .05), as well as decreased number of RUNX‐2 (102.8 ± 27.35 cells/mm2; 100.04 ± 8.61 cells/mm2; 118.82 ± 21.38 cells/mm2; p ≤ .05)‐ and OCN‐positive cells (120 ± 24.5 cells/mm2; 102 ± 27.73 cells/mm2; 100 ± 14.23 cells/mm2; p ≤ .05) at 22, 30 and 60 days, respectively. The animals in group CIS also showed increased number of TRAP‐positive cells (86.8 ± 6.37 cells/mm2; 71.5 ± 4.72 cells/mm2; 92.8 ± 9.52 cells/mm2; p ≤ .05) and a persistent and exacerbated inflammatory response in all experimental periods.ConclusionWithin the limits of this study, it was concluded that the chemotherapeutic CIS negatively affects the bone repair at peri‐implant areas, jeopardizing the osseointegration of titanium implants.
Healing of two‐wall intra‐bony defects treated with a novel EMD‐liquid—A pre‐clinical study in monkeys
Authors: Shirakata Yoshinori , Miron Richard J. , Shinohara Yukiya , Nakamura Toshiaki , Sena Kotaro , Horai Naoto , Bosshardt Dieter D. , Noguchi Kazuyuki , Sculean Anton 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the effect of a novel enamel matrix derivative formulation (EMD‐liquid or Osteogain) combined with an absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) on periodontal wound healing in intra‐bony defects in monkeys.Materials and MethodsChronic two‐wall intra‐bony defects were created at the distal aspect of eight teeth in three monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). The 24 defects were randomly assigned to one of the following treatments: (i) open flap debridement (OFD) + ACS alone, (ii) OFD + Emdogain + ACS (Emdogain/ACS), (iii) OFD + Osteogain + ACS (Osteogain/ACS) or (iv) OFD alone. At 4 months, the animals were euthanized for histologic evaluation.ResultsOsteogain/ACS resulted in more consistent formation of cementum, periodontal ligament and bone with limited epithelial proliferation compared to OFD alone, Emdogain/ACS and OFD + ACS. Among the four treatment groups, the Osteogain/ACS group demonstrated the highest amount of regenerated tissues. However, complete periodontal regeneration was not observed in any of the defects in the four groups.ConclusionsThe present findings indicate that in two‐wall intra‐bony defects, reconstructive surgery with Osteogain/ACS appears to be a promising novel approach for facilitating periodontal wound healing/regeneration, thus warranting further clinical testing.
Quality of nursing documentation: Paper‐based health records versus electronic‐based health records
Authors: Akhu‐Zaheya Laila , Al‐Maaitah Rowaida , Bany Hani Salam 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo assess and compare the quality of paper‐based and electronic‐based health records. The comparison examined three criteria: content, documentation process and structure.BackgroundNursing documentation is a significant indicator of the quality of patient care delivery. It can be either paper‐based or organised within the system known as the electronic health records. Nursing documentation must be completed at the highest standards, to ensure the safety and quality of healthcare services. However, the evidence is not clear on which one of the two forms of documentation (paper‐based versus electronic health records is more qualified.MethodsA retrospective, descriptive, comparative design was used to address the study's purposes. A convenient number of patients’ records, from two public hospitals, were audited using the Cat‐ch‐Ing audit instrument. The sample size consisted of 434 records for both paper‐based health records and electronic health records from medical and surgical wards.ResultsElectronic health records were better than paper‐based health records in terms of process and structure. In terms of quantity and quality content, paper‐based records were better than electronic health records. The study affirmed the poor quality of nursing documentation and lack of nurses’ knowledge and skills in the nursing process and its application in both paper‐based and electronic‐based systems.ConclusionBoth forms of documentation revealed drawbacks in terms of content, process and structure. This study provided important information, which can guide policymakers and administrators in identifying effective strategies aimed at enhancing the quality of nursing documentation.Relevance to clinical practicePolicies and actions to ensure quality nursing documentation at the national level should focus on improving nursing knowledge, competencies, practice in nursing process, enhancing the work environment and nursing workload, as well as strengthening the capacity building of nursing practice to improve the quality of nursing care and patients’ outcomes.
Development and initial validation of a clinical measure to assess early symptoms of post‐stroke depression in the acute stroke patient
Authors: Li Jufang , Oakley Linda Denise , Li Yun , Luo Yong 
Published: October 2017

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate a measure specifically developed to clinically assess early symptoms of poststroke depression (PSD) in acute stroke patients.BackgroundPoststroke depression is associated with elevated rates of morbidity and mortality following a mild‐to‐moderate stroke. Measures currently used to assess depression in acute poststroke patients can lack the clinical specificity necessary to detect symptoms within 30 days poststroke.DesignA two‐round Delphi design was used to estimate symptom consensus.MethodsThree panels, healthcare professionals (N = 74), experts (N = 16) and acute poststroke patients (N = 40), evaluated an initial set of symptom‐items systematically developed by the research team.ResultsOur study yielded consensus for 29 symptom‐items. Additional symptoms recommended by acute poststroke patients increased the final number of symptoms to 35.ConclusionsWe developed a specific measure of early symptoms of PSD in acute stroke patients with good content validity.Relevance to clinical practiceThe specific clinical relevance of our findings lies in the consensus of health professionals, the Delphi panel and patients regarding core areas of clinical assessment during the acute poststroke phase. And our findings may draw attention to the need to assess and treat acute stroke patients with early symptoms of PSD.
Swallowing disorders and 1‐year functional decline in community‐dwelling older adults receiving home care
Authors: Takeuchi K. , Furuta M. , Okabe Y. , Suma S. , Takeshita T. , Akifusa S. , Adachi M. , Kinoshita T. , Kikutani T. , Yamashita Y. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to clarify the effect of swallowing disorders on functional decline in community‐dwelling older adults receiving home care. This was a 1‐year follow‐up survey of 176 individuals ≥60 years living at home and receiving homecare services, without total dependence in basic daily living activities, in two mid‐sized municipalities in Fukuoka, Japan. Functional decline was measured using the Barthel index (BI), and the primary outcome was total dependence in basic daily living activities (BI ≤ 20 points). Swallowing function was assessed using cervical auscultation, and the primary predictor was swallowing disorders. Logistic regression models were used to assess univariate and multivariate associations between baseline swallowing function and functional decline during follow‐up. During follow‐up 16 (9.1%), the participants became totally dependent in basic daily living activities. The participants with swallowing disorders had 6.41 times higher odds of total dependence in basic daily living activities compared to participants with normal swallowing function. After adjusting for potential confounders, swallowing disorders were significantly associated with higher odds of total dependence in basic daily living activities (odds ratio = 5.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.33‐20.44). Regarding swallowing disorders, the corresponding population attributable fraction (%) of the incidence of total dependence in basic daily living activities was 50.4%. The current findings demonstrated that swallowing disorders were associated with greater risk of functional decline in basic daily living activities among older adults living at home and receiving home nursing care. Maintenance and improvement of swallowing function may prevent late‐life functional decline.
Patient satisfaction with occlusal scheme of conventional complete dentures: A randomised clinical trial (part I)
Authors: Moradpoor H. , Arabzade Hoseini M. , Savabi O. , Shirani M. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryBackgroundOcclusal scheme can affect denture retention, stability, occlusal force distribution, aesthetics, masticatory function, patient comfort and general patient satisfaction with dentures.ObjectivesThis study aimed to compare the patient satisfaction with 3 types of complete denture occlusion including fully bilateral balanced occlusion (FBBO), newly presented buccalised occlusion (BO) and lingualised occlusion (LO).MethodsIn this parallel randomised clinical trial, new conventional complete dentures were fabricated for 86 volunteers. Participants were randomly allocated to 3 groups with 3 different occlusal schemes. All patients were recalled at 1 and 3 months after delivery for data collection. The 19‐item version of Oral Health Impact Profile for Edentulous Patients questionnaire was used in this study. The visual analogue scale (VAS) was used for assessment of the prosthodontist's attitude towards denture quality, patient's attitude towards different occlusal schemes and evaluation of patient satisfaction. Data were analysed using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, the Kruskal‐Wallis test and the post hoc Dunn test via SPSS version 18.0 (P ≤ .05).ResultsEighty‐six patients completed the study, and their data were analysed (mean age ± standard deviation = 57.78 ± 9.98 years). The only significant difference when comparing the 3 groups was physical pain, which was significantly higher in FBBO group. No significant differences were found for the VAS scores of patient and prosthodontist satisfaction or the domain scores among the 3 occlusal schemes either at 1 or at 3 months post‐delivery. The VAS score of patient satisfaction and prosthodontist satisfaction increased at third compared to first month after delivery.ConclusionThe results of this randomised clinical trial provided evidence that BO is as effective as LO for the fabrication of complete dentures.
Fibroblast growth factor 21 attenuates calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro
Authors: Cao Fangying , Wang Shaoping , Cao Xiangrong , Liu Xiaoxiao , Fu Kun , Hao Peng , Liu Jinghua 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Vascular calcification is a dysfunction of the vasculature. Recent findings indicate that fibroblast growth factor21 (FGF21), a protector of the cardiovascular system, is related to the mineral deposition of bone and enhances the osteogenic activity of bone morphogenic protein (BMP)-2. In this study, we explored whether FGF21 suppresses vascular calcification.

Methods
A calcifying model was established by culturing primary rat vascular aortic smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in a beta-glycerophosphate (BGP)-containing calcifying medium for 14 days. In addition, recombinant human FGF21 was applied to protect against VSMC calcification.

Results
In the presence of BGP, the expression levels of osteoblastic genes, including alkaline phosphatase (ALP), BMP-2 and runt-related transcription factor (RUNX)-2, were significantly upregulated on day 3, an effect that was maintained through day 14 (P &lt; 0.001). A concomitant increase in ALP protein expression was observed through day 9 (P &lt; 0.05). The incubation of VSMCs with calcifying medium for 14 days increased ALP activity (P &lt; 0.05) and led to the formation of visible calcium nodules over the course of the protocol. β-klotho expression was unaltered in BGP-induced VSMCs for the 14-day culture period. The culturing of VSMCs with calcifying medium led to opposing trends in the expression of FGFRs, namely, an increase in FGFR1 and FGFR4 mRNA levels (P &lt; 0.001) and a decrease in FGFR2 and FGFR3 mRNA levels (P &lt; 0.01). Reduced mineral deposition, in combination with decreased ALP activity (P &lt; 0.001) and ALP protein expression (P &lt; 0.001), was noted in VSMCs treated with varying doses of FGF21 and BGP in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, FGF21 downregulated osteoblastic-promoting gene expression, including ALP (P &lt; 0.001), BMP-2 (P &lt; 0.001) and RUNX-2 (P &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, FGF21 enhanced β-klotho expression (P &lt; 0.05) and increased FGFR1 and FGFR3 mRNA levels (P &lt; 0.001). FGFR-1 inhibitor SU5402 blocked partial inhibition of FGF21 on the expression of BMP-2 (P &lt; 0.001) and RUNX-2 (P &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, FGF21 suppressed the phosphorylation of P38, while P38 inhibitor, SB203580, attenuated the downregulation of RUNX-2 (P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusions
These data demonstrate FGF21 attenuates VSMC calcification in vitro via an FGF21/FGFR1/3/β-klotho/P38MAPK/RUNX-2 signalling pathway.
Occupational Prestige and the Gender Wage Gap
Authors: Kleinjans Kristin J. , Krassel Karl Fritjof , Dukes Anthony 
Published: October 2017

SummaryOccupational segregation by gender remains widespread and explains a significant part of the gender wage gap. We shed light on the reasons why occupational segregation persists despite the increases in women's education and labor force participation, and why it results in a gender wage gap. Women express a stronger relative preference than men for occupations that are valuable to society, which we argue is captured by their occupational prestige. If women prefer occupations with higher occupational prestige, they will earn lower wages because of compensating wage differentials. Using conditional logit models of occupational choice, we find statistically significant support for this hypothesis. The effect is economically significant: the gender differences in the weights placed on prestige and wages can explain up to one half of the gender wage gap resulting from occupational segregation, or about one fourth of the overall gender wage gap. Our results are strongest for individuals with low ability, which suggests that social norms may be an important factor in generating these gender differences.
Signatures of positive selection and local adaptation to urbanization in white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus)
Authors: Harris Stephen E. , Munshi‐South Jason 
Published: October 2017

AbstractUrbanization significantly alters natural ecosystems and has accelerated globally. Urban wildlife populations are often highly fragmented by human infrastructure, and isolated populations may adapt in response to local urban pressures. However, relatively few studies have identified genomic signatures of adaptation in urban animals. We used a landscape genomic approach to examine signatures of selection in urban populations of white‐footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in New York City. We analysed 154,770 SNPs identified from transcriptome data from 48 P. leucopus individuals from three urban and three rural populations and used outlier tests to identify evidence of urban adaptation. We accounted for demography by simulating a neutral SNP data set under an inferred demographic history as a null model for outlier analysis. We also tested whether candidate genes were associated with environmental variables related to urbanization. In total, we detected 381 outlier loci and after stringent filtering, identified and annotated 19 candidate loci. Many of the candidate genes were involved in metabolic processes and have well‐established roles in metabolizing lipids and carbohydrates. Our results indicate that white‐footed mice in New York City are adapting at the biomolecular level to local selective pressures in urban habitats. Annotation of outlier loci suggests selection is acting on metabolic pathways in urban populations, likely related to novel diets in cities that differ from diets in less disturbed areas.
Team science and the physician–scientist in the age of grand health challenges
Authors: Steer Clifford J. , Jackson Peter R. , Hornbeak Hortencia , McKay Catherine K. , Sriramarao P. , Murtaugh Michael P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDespite remarkable advances in medical research, clinicians face daunting challenges from new diseases, variations in patient responses to interventions, and increasing numbers of people with chronic health problems. The gap between biomedical research and unmet clinical needs can be addressed by highly talented interdisciplinary investigators focused on translational bench‐to‐bedside medicine. The training of talented physician–scientists comfortable with forming and participating in multidisciplinary teams that address complex health problems is a top national priority. Challenges, methods, and experiences associated with physician–scientist training and team building were explored at a workshop held at the Second International Conference on One Medicine One Science (iCOMOS 2016), April 24–27, 2016, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. A broad range of scientists, regulatory authorities, and health care experts determined that critical investments in interdisciplinary training are essential for the future of medicine and healthcare delivery. Physician–scientists trained in a broad, nonlinear, cross‐disciplinary manner are and will be essential members of science teams in the new age of grand health challenges and the birth of precision medicine. Team science approaches have accomplished biomedical breakthroughs once considered impossible, and dedicated physician–scientists have been critical to these achievements. Together, they translate into the pillars of academic growth and success.
Early‐life sensitization to hen's egg predicts asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis at 14 years of age
Authors: Christiansen Elisabeth Soegaard , Kjaer Henrik Fomsgaard , Eller Esben , Bindslev‐Jensen Carsten , Høst Arne , Mortz Charlotte Gotthard , Halken Susanne 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundSensitization to both inhalant and food allergens has been shown to be risk factors for development of asthma and rhinoconjunctivitis (RC). However, few studies have addressed the role of transient or persistent IgE sensitization to specific allergens in early life for later development of allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to explore the association between transient and persistent sensitization in early life and the development of asthma and RC at 6 and 14 years.MethodsThe Danish Allergy Research Center (DARC) cohort is a prospective non‐interventional birth cohort study comprising 562 children. For the purpose of this study, we examined a subgroup of the original cohort with specific IgE measured at, at least 3 of 4 follow‐ups between 3 and 18 months of age (n = 366). Multiple logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between transient and persistent early‐life sensitization to groups of and to individual allergens and asthma and RC at 6 and 14 years compared to a reference group with no sensitization.ResultsBoth transient early‐life sensitization and persistent early‐life sensitization to cow's milk or hen's egg proteins were associated with asthma (aOR 3.99[1.41‐11.32] and 5.95[1.78‐19.92]) and RC (aOR 2.94[1.19‐7.28] and 6.18[1.86‐20.53]) at 14 years, this association being driven mainly by sensitization to hen's egg. Transient early‐life sensitization to house dust mite (HDM) had increased risk of asthma (aOR 3.80[1.17‐12.41]) at 14 years.ConclusionsEarly transient IgE sensitization and persistent IgE sensitization to hen's egg were associated with asthma and RC at 14 years. Furthermore, sensitization to HDM was associated with asthma at 14 years.