bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indirect MRI of 17o‐labeled water using steady‐state sequences: Signal simulation and preclinical experiment
Authors: Kudo Kohsuke , Harada Taisuke , Kameda Hiroyuki , Uwano Ikuko , Yamashita Fumio , Higuchi Satomi , Yoshioka Kunihiro , Sasaki Makoto 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUNDFew studies have been reported for T2‐weighted indirect 17O imaging.PURPOSE/HYPOTHESISTo evaluate the feasibility of steady‐state sequences for indirect 17O brain imaging.STUDY TYPESignal simulation, phantom measurements, and prospective animal experiments were performed in accordance with the institutional guidelines for animal experiments.POPULATION/SUBJECTS/PHANTOM/SPECIMEN/ANIMAL MODELSignal simulations of balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) were performed for concentrations of 17O ranging from 0.037–1.600%. Phantom measurements with concentrations of 17O water ranging from 0.037–1.566% were also conducted. Six healthy beagle dogs were scanned with intravenous administration of 20% 17O‐labeled water (1 mL/kg).FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCEDynamic 3D‐bSSFP scans were performed at 3T MRI. 17O‐labeled water was injected 60 seconds after the scan start, and the total scan duration was 5 minutes.ASSESSMENTBased on the result of signal simulation and phantom measurement, signal changes in the beagle dogs were measured and converted into 17O concentrations.STATISTICAL TESTSThe 17O concentrations were averaged for every 15 seconds, and compared to the baseline (30–45 sec) with Dunnett's multiple comparison tests.RESULTSSignal simulation revealed that the relationships between 17O concentration and the natural logarithm of relative signals were linear. The intraclass correlation coefficient between relative signals in phantom measurement and signal simulations was 0.974. In the animal experiments, significant increases in 17O concentration (P < 0.05) were observed 60 seconds after the injection of 17O. At the end of scanning, mean respective 17O concentrations of 0.084 ± 0.026%, 0.117 ± 0.038, 0.082 ± 0.037%, and 0.049 ± 0.004% were noted for the cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, cerebral white matter, and ventricle.DATA CONCLUSIONDynamic steady‐state sequences were feasible for indirect 17O imaging, and absolute quantification was possible. This method can be applied for the measurement of permeability and blood flow in the brain, and for kinetic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid.Level of Evidence: 2Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1373–1379.
Sex differences in the glutamate signaling pathway in juvenile rats
Authors: Al‐Suwailem Etidal , Abdi Saba , El‐Ansary Afaf 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFemales have been found to be at lower risk for the development of neurodevelopmental disorders than males. The greater neuroprotection in females is mostly due to female sex hormones. Estrogen is hypothesized to provide neuroprotection by suppressing the neuro‐excitotoxicity induced by glutamate (Glu). This study was conducted to understand the effect of sex in modulating Glu signaling in juvenile rats. Brain tissue homogenate of 15 Wistar albino rats (9 males, 6 females) weighing 60 to 80 g and aged approximately 28 days was used. Biochemical parameters related to Glu signaling, such as the absolute and relative concentrations of Glu, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA), and glutamine, as well as glutamate transporter 1 (GLT1), glutamine synthetase (GS), glutaminase (GLN), and glutamate decarboxylase‐67 (GAD‐67), were measured by ELISA. The data obtained demonstrated that compared with the levels in males, female rats exhibited significantly lower levels of Glu (p = .001) and GLN/GS (p = .021). The Glu/GABA and Glu/GLT1 ratios as well as the levels of GAD‐67 were also lower in female rats, although the difference was not significant. The GLN/GAD‐67 ratio (p = .027) and levels of GS (p = .019) were significantly higher in female rats than in males. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the role of GLN/GS, together with the much higher affinity of GLT1 to Glu, in avoiding excitotoxicity in females. In conclusion, there was a significant difference in Glu signaling between female and male rats. The females exhibited a lower susceptibility to develop Glu‐induced excitotoxicity, an etiological mechanism for multiple neurodevelopmental disorders.
High early post‐operative complication rate after elective aseptic orthopedic implant removal of upper and lower limb
Authors: Suda Arnold J. , Heilgeist Eva , Tinelli Marco , Bischel Oliver E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe necessity of orthopedic implant removal is under intense discussion and even if it is performed as an elective procedure, the risk of complications is present. Aim of the study was to identify parameters responsible for an increased risk of early post‐operative complications after elective aseptic orthopedic implant removal. We reviewed 1,545 cases of aseptic and elective orthopedic implant removal between 2009 and 2011. The patient́s demographic data, time and duration of operation, patient́s comorbidities, and presence of complications in the first 4 weeks after implant removal were evaluated. Patients with signs of infection at the time of the surgical procedure were excluded from this study. 579 women and 966 men who underwent elective aseptic orthopedic implant removal were identified. Mean age at implant removal was 42 years and mean duration of the surgical procedure was 37 min. In this cohort, 70 patients (4.5%) underwent elective aseptic implant removal after 6pm. 52 patients (3.37%) operated on during daytime suffered from complications post‐operatively and five patients (0.3%) who were operated on during the night experienced complications. The parameters age, sex, BMI, and surgeon showed no statistically significant differences for the risk of post‐operative complications. Patients’ comorbidities such as diabetes seem to have influence but were not statistically significant either. Patients with revision surgery since their first operation, nocturnal surgery and longer duration of the procedure showed a statistically significant higher risk for complications, especially in the lower leg. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1035–1039, 2018.
Mechanically stimulated biomarkers signal cartilage changes over 5 years consistent with disease progression in medial knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Chu Constance R. , Sheth Shikha , Erhart‐Hledik Jennifer C. , Do Bao , Titchenal Matthew R. , Andriacchi Thomas P. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTUsing serum biomarkers to assess osteoarthritis (OA) disease state and risks of progression remain challenging. This study tested the hypothesis that changes to serum biomarkers in response to a mechanical stimulus in patients with medial knee OA signal cartilage thickness changes 5 years later. Specifically, serum concentrations of a collagen degradation marker (C1,2C) and a chondroitin sulfate synthesis marker (CS846) were measured 0.5 and 5.5 hours after a 30‐min walk in 16 patients. Regional cartilage thickness changes measured from magnetic resonance images obtained at study entry and at 5‐year follow‐up were tested for correlations with baseline biomarker changes after mechanical stimulus, and for differences between groups stratified based on whether biomarker levels increased or decreased. Results showed that an increase in the degradation biomarker C1,2C correlated with cartilage thinning of the lateral tibia (R = −0.63, p = 0.009), whereas an increase in the synthesis marker CS846 correlated with cartilage thickening of the lateral femur (R = 0.76, p = 0.001). Changes in C1,2C and CS846 were correlated (R2 = 0.28, p = 0.037). Subjects with increased C1,2C had greater (p = 0.05) medial tibial cartilage thinning than those with decreased C1,2C. In conclusion, the mechanical stimulus appeared to metabolically link the biomarker responses where biomarker increases signaled more active OA disease states. The findings of medial cartilage thinning for patients with increases in the degradation marker and correlation of cartilage thickening in the less involved lateral femur with increases in the synthetic marker were consistent with progression of medial compartment OA. Thus, the mechanical stimulus facilitated assessing OA disease states using serum biomarkers. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:891–897, 2018.
A comparative study of quality and safety of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) fillets during cold storage, as affected by different thawing methods of pre‐rigor frozen headed and gutted fish
Authors: Roiha Irja Sunde , Jónsson Ásbjörn , Backi Christoph Josef , Lunestad Bjørn Tore , Karlsdóttir Magnea G 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe catch of marine whitefish is typically seasonal, whereas the land‐based processing industry has a need for all‐year stable supply of raw materials. This challenge can be met by applying fish frozen at sea. When using frozen fish, the methods employed for thawing may influence the safety and quality of the final product. This study aimed to investigate the applicability of novel thawing strategies in order to provide an all‐year supply of high‐quality and safe cod products.RESULTSComparative investigations of quality and safety factors after thawing in water, with and without air circulation, and contact thawing were performed. The parameters included water‐holding capacity, thawing loss, drip loss, cooking yield, sensory evaluation and microbiological analyses (including total volatile bases nitrogen). Water thawing with air circulation provided faster thawing than water thawing without air circulation and contact thawing. For all three methods, the quality of the thawed fish was acceptable and the shelf life of the fillets during chilled storage was between 10 and 14 days post‐filleting.CONCLUSIONThe results show that controlled freezing of cod, followed by appropriate thawing, may provide the processing industry with an all‐year delivery of raw materials, without compromising quality and safety of the final product. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Virgin coconut oil reverses hepatic steatosis by restoring redox homeostasis and lipid metabolism in male Wistar rats
Authors: Narayanankutty Arunaksharan , Palliyil Devika Mukundan , Kuruvilla Kezia , Raghavamenon Achuthan C 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHepatosteatosis, a form of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is being increasingly recognized as a major health burden worldwide. Insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and imbalances in adipokine/cytokine interplay are reported to be involved in the onset and progression of this disease. Use of dietary nutraceuticals in prevention and treatment of NAFLD is emerging. Virgin coconut oil (VCO), a fermented product of fresh coconut kernel, has been shown to impede the development of hepatosteatosis in rats. This study analyzes the potential of VCO to reverse the already developed hepatosteatosis condition.RESULTSHyperglycemia, reduced glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic macrovesicles in high‐fructose‐diet‐fed rats (4 weeks) confirmed the development of hepatosteatosis. Natural reversion in these parameters was observed upon shifting to normal diet in untreated control animals. Administration of VCO, however, increased this natural reversion by improving high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol level (53.5%) and reducing hepatic and serum triacylglycerols (78.0 and 51.7%). Increased hepatic glutathione level (P < 0.01), antioxidant enzyme activities (P < 0.05) and reduced lipid peroxidation were also noticed in these animals. These observations were in concordance with reduced liver enzyme activities (P < 0.01) and restoration of altered hepatic architecture.CONCLUSIONThe study indicates that VCO can be used as a nutraceutical against hepatosteatosis. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Physicochemical characterization of actomyosin–paramyosin from giant squid mantle (Dosidicus gigas)
Authors: Tolano‐Villaverde Ivan J , Ocaño‐Higuera Victor , Ezquerra‐Brauer Josafat , Santos‐Sauceda Irela , Santacruz‐Ortega Hisila , Cárdenas‐López José L , Rodríguez‐Olibarria Guillermo , Márquez‐Ríos Enrique 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe giant squid (Dosidicus gigas) has been proposed as raw material to obtain myofibrillar protein concentrates. However, it has been observed that colloidal systems formed from squid proteins have limited stability. Therefore, the isolation and characterization of the actomyosin–paramyosin isolated (API) complex were performed, because they are the main proteins to which functionality has been attributed.RESULTSDensitogram analysis revealed 45% of actin, 38% of myosin and 17% of paramyosin. The amino acid profile indicates a higher proportion of acidic amino acids, which gives a higher negative charge; this was supported by the zeta potential. Total sulfhydryl (TSH) content was lower compared with proteins of other aquatic species.CONCLUSIONThe higher percentage of actin in relation to myosin, the presence of paramyosin, as well as the low content of sulfhydryl groups, could comprise the main causes of the low technological functional property of proteins from D. gigas mantle. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
SKUP3: 6 and 24 months follow‐up of changes in respiration and sleepiness after modified UPPP
Authors: Browaldh Nanna , Bring Johan , Friberg Danielle 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveOur previous randomized controlled trial of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) showed that modified uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), including tonsillectomy, significantly improved nocturnal respiration, daytime sleepiness, and quality of life in the intervention group compared to controls who had delayed surgery after 6 months. This is the continuous report with the 6‐ and 24‐month postoperative results.Study DesignSingle‐center prospective cohort study.MethodsSixty‐five patients with apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 15, body mass index (BMI) < 36, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) ≥ 8, and Friedman stage I or II underwent UPPP after failing nonsurgical treatment. The results from polysomnography and ESS at 6 and 24 months were compared to baseline.ResultsEight percent and 20% dropped out from the 6‐ and 24‐month follow‐ups, respectively. The AHI value decreased significantly from mean (standard deviation) 52.9 (20.5) at baseline to 23.6 (20.2) after 6 months, and to 24.1 (20.9) after 24 months (P < 0.001). Patients with tonsil size 2, and 3 to 4, had significant reductions in the AHI after both follow‐ups. The median ESS score decreased significantly from 13 (range 8–21) to 6.5 (1–18) after 6 months, and to 5 (2–17) after 24 months (P < 0.001). The BMI remained unchanged. There were significant modest correlations for the reductions in AHI and ESS after 24 months.ConclusionModified UPPP was effective in improving nocturnal respiration and daytime sleepiness in OSAS patients at both 6‐ and 24‐month follow‐up. Patients with tonsil size 2, and 3 to 4, benefitted similarly from surgery with improved respiration.Level of Evidence2b. Laryngoscope, 128:1238–1244, 2018
Relative impacts of light, temperature, and reactive oxygen on thaumarchaeal ammonia oxidation in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Horak Rachel E. A. , Qin Wei , Bertagnolli Anthony D. , Nelson Alexa , Heal Katherine R. , Han Hantten , Heller Maija , Schauer Andrew J. , Jeffrey Wade H. , Armbrust E. Virginia , Moffett James W. , Ingalls Anitra E. , Stahl David A. , Devol Allan H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThaumarchaeota are implicated as the major ammonia oxidizers in the ocean. However, the influence of various abiotic factors in determining their distribution and activity in the upper ocean remain largely unclear. Here, we examined the influence of light, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and temperature on ammonia oxidation rates for communities dominated by Thaumarchaeota at the nitrite maximum across two North Pacific transects. In situ ammonia oxidation was almost exclusively driven by Thaumarchaeota, as inferred from ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) genes, amoA transcripts, and inhibitor studies. A major shift in population structure near the eastern North Pacific Subtropical Front was revealed by sequence variation of amoA genes, showing different Thaumarchaeota community structure in oligotrophic gyre and temperate regions. While the most dominant OTUs were closely related, we found significant differences in physiological responses to light and temperature of incubation. At four stations in different biogeochemical regimes, the impact of sunlight intensity and temperature on activity was evaluated using 15 ‐spiked whole seawater collected from the nitrite maximum and incubated at different depths on a free floating in situ array. Ammonia oxidation was usually completely inhibited by PAR at the surface and 21–45% inhibited at 1% surface PAR, whereas a temperature effect on ammonia oxidation was observed at only two of four stations. While inhibition due to H2O2 cannot be ruled out in surface waters, our findings show that below the mixed layer, photoinhibition, and not H2O2 toxicity, had a greater influence on ammonia oxidation.
Controllable Microfluidic Fabrication of Microstructured Materials from Nonspherical Particles to Helices
Authors: Wang Wei , He Xiao‐Heng , Zhang Mao‐Jie , Tang Meng‐Jiao , Xie Rui , Ju Xiao‐Jie , Liu Zhuang , Chu Liang‐Yin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis work reports on a facile and flexible strategy based on the deformation of encapsulated droplets in fiber‐like polymeric matrices for template synthesis of controllable microstructured materials from nonspherical microparticles to complex 3D helices. Monodisperse droplets generated from microfluidics are encapsulated into crosslinked polymeric networks via an interfacial crosslinking reaction in microchannel to in situ produce the droplet‐containing, fiber‐like matrices. By stretching and twining the dried fiber‐like matrices, the encapsulated droplets can be flexibly engineered into versatile shapes for template synthesis of controllable nonspherical microparticles and helices. Moreover, magnetic helices can be fabricated by simply dispersing magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles in the droplets to achieve rotational and translational motion under a rotated magnetic field. This work provides a simple and versatile strategy for the template synthesis of advanced functional microstructured materials with flexible shapes.
Breakthroughs in modern cancer therapy and elusive cardiotoxicity: Critical research‐practice gaps, challenges, and insights
Authors: Zheng Ping‐Pin , Li Jin , Kros Johan M 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo date, five cancer treatment modalities have been defined. The three traditional modalities of cancer treatment are surgery, radiotherapy, and conventional chemotherapy, and the two modern modalities include molecularly targeted therapy (the fourth modality) and immunotherapy (the fifth modality). The cardiotoxicity associated with conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy is well known. Similar adverse cardiac events are resurging with the fourth modality. Aside from the conventional and newer targeted agents, even the most newly developed, immune‐based therapeutic modalities of anticancer treatment (the fifth modality), e.g., immune checkpoint inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T‐cell therapy, have unfortunately led to potentially lethal cardiotoxicity in patients. Cardiac complications represent unresolved and potentially life‐threatening conditions in cancer survivors, while effective clinical management remains quite challenging. As a consequence, morbidity and mortality related to cardiac complications now threaten to offset some favorable benefits of modern cancer treatments in cancer‐related survival, regardless of the oncologic prognosis. This review focuses on identifying critical research‐practice gaps, addressing real‐world challenges and pinpointing real‐time insights in general terms under the context of clinical cardiotoxicity induced by the fourth and fifth modalities of cancer treatment. The information ranges from basic science to clinical management in the field of cardio‐oncology and crosses the interface between oncology and onco‐pharmacology. The complexity of the ongoing clinical problem is addressed at different levels. A better understanding of these research‐practice gaps may advance research initiatives on the development of mechanism‐based diagnoses and treatments for the effective clinical management of cardiotoxicity.
Effects of pulse duration on muscle fatigue during electrical stimulation inducing moderate‐level contraction
Authors: Jeon Woohyoung , Griffin Lisa 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is used to prevent muscle atrophy. However, the effect of pulse duration modulation for reducing muscle fatigue and pain is unknown. Methods: Two 2‐minute stimulation protocols were applied to the knee extensors of 10 healthy individuals. In 1 session, a long pulse duration (1,000 μs) and a low current amplitude (LL), set to evoke 25% maximal voluntary contraction at 30 Hz, were applied. The other session was identical except that a short pulse duration (200 μs) and a high current amplitude (SH) were used. Results: Muscle fatigue was lower for LL than for SH (P < 0.01). Force recovery rate was higher for LL than for SH (P < 0.05). Pain scores were also lower for LL than for SH (P < 0.05). Discussion: The use of 1‐ms pulse durations reduces fatigue and pain during NMES for moderate‐level contractions compared with 200‐μs durations. Muscle Nerve 57: 642–649, 2018
Genomic profiles of lung cancer associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Hwang Ji An , Kim Deokhoon , Chun Sung‐Min , Bae SooHyun , Song Joon Seon , Kim Mi Young , Koo Hyun Jung , Song Jin Woo , Kim Woo Sung , Lee Jae Cheol , Kim Hyeong Ryul , Choi Chang‐Min , Jang Se Jin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLittle is known about the pathogenesis or molecular profiles of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis‐associated lung cancer (IPF‐LC). This study was performed to investigate the genomic profiles of IPF‐LC and to explore the possibility of defining potential therapeutic targets in IPF‐LC. We assessed genomic profiles of IPF‐LC by using targeted exome sequencing (OncoPanel version 2) in 35 matched tumour/normal pairs surgically resected between 2004 and 2014. Germline and somatic variant calling was performed with GATK HaplotypeCaller and MuTect with GATK SomaticIndelocator, respectively. Copy number analysis was conducted with CNVkit, with focal events determined by Genomic Identification of Significant Targets in Cancer 2.0, and pathway analysis (KEGG) with DAVID. Germline mutations in TERT (rs2736100, n = 33) and CDKN1A (rs2395655, n = 27) associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis risk were detected in most samples. A total of 410 somatic mutations were identified, with an average of 11.7 per tumour, including 69 synonymous, 177 missense, 17 nonsense, 1 nonstop and 11 splice‐site mutations, and 135 small coding indels. Spectra of the somatic mutations revealed predominant C > T transitions despite an extensive smoking history in most patients, suggesting a potential association between APOBEC‐related mutagenesis and the development of IPF‐LC. TP53 (22/35, 62.9%) and BRAF (6/35, 17.1%) were found to be significantly mutated in IPF‐LC. Recurrent focal amplifications in three chromosomal loci (3q26.33, 7q31.2, and 12q14.3) and 9p21.3 deletion were identified, and genes associated with the JAK–STAT signalling pathway were significantly amplified in IPF‐LC (P = 0.012). This study demonstrates that IPF‐LC is genetically characterized by the presence of somatic mutations reflecting a variety of environmental exposures on the background of specific germline mutations, and is associated with potentially targetable alterations such as BRAF mutations. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.