bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sources and interpretation of channel complexity in forested subalpine streams of the Southern Rocky Mountains
Authors: Livers Bridget , Wohl Ellen 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWe evaluate correlations between stream geomorphic complexity and characteristics of the adjacent riparian forest, valley geometry, and land use history in forested subalpine streams of the Colorado Front Range. Measures of geomorphic complexity focus on cross‐sectional, planform, and instream wood piece and logjam variables. We categorize adjacent riparian forests as old‐growth unmanaged forest (OU), younger unmanaged forest (YU), and younger managed forest (YM), and valley geometry as laterally confined, partly confined, or unconfined. Significant differences in geomorphic stream complexity between OU, YU, and YM result primarily from differences in wood pieces and logjams, and these differences correlate strongly with pool volume and organic matter storage. Significant differences in planform and cross‐sectional complexity correlate more strongly with valley geometry, but do not explain as much of the observed variability in complexity between streams as do the wood variables. Unconfined OU streams have the largest wood loads and the greatest complexity, whereas legacy effects of logging, tie‐drives, and channel simplification create lower complexity in YM streams, even relative to YU streams flowing through similarly aged forest. We find that management history of riparian forests exerts the strongest control on reduced functional stream channel complexity, regardless of riparian forest stand age.
Seismic evidence for tearing in the subducting Indian slab beneath the Andaman arc
Authors: Kumar Prakash , Srijayanthi G. , Ravi Kumar M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSegmentation of a subduction zone through tearing is envisaged as an inevitable consequence of the differential rate of slab rollback along the strike of convergent plate boundaries. It is a key feature that controls plate tectonics and seismogenesis in a subduction setting. Globally, lithospheric tears are mostly recognized by seismic tomography and seismicity trends. However, such an intriguing feature has never been imaged with high resolution. Here we present seismological evidence for tearing of the Indian oceanic plate at shallow depths along the Andaman arc. Our image of the subducted plate using the shear‐wave receiver function technique reveals three distinct plate segments. The middle lithospheric chunk has an abrupt offset of ~20 km relative to the northern and southern segments along the entire stretch of Andaman‐Nicobar Islands. We interpret that this abrupt offset in the base of the lithosphere is caused by the tearing of the subducted oceanic plate. For the plate age of ~80 to 60 Myr, the lithospheric thickness varies from ~40 to 70 km.
Airborne radar imaging of subaqueous channel evolution in Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana, USA
Authors: Shaw John B. , Ayoub Francois , Jones Cathleen E. , Lamb Michael P. , Holt Benjamin , Wagner R. Wayne , Coffey Thomas S. , Chadwick J. Austin , Mohrig David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractShallow coastal regions are among the fastest evolving landscapes but are notoriously difficult to measure with high spatiotemporal resolution. Using Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) data, we demonstrate that high signal‐to‐noise L band synthetic aperture radar (SAR) can reveal subaqueous channel networks at the distal ends of river deltas. Using 27 UAVSAR images collected between 2009 and 2015 from the Wax Lake Delta in coastal Louisiana, USA, we show that under normal tidal conditions, planform geometry of the distributary channel network is frequently resolved in the UAVSAR images, including ~700 m of seaward network extension over 5 years for one channel. UAVSAR also reveals regions of subaerial and subaqueous vegetation, streaklines of biogenic surfactants, and what appear to be small distributary channels aliased by the survey grid, all illustrating the value of fine resolution, low noise, L band SAR for mapping the nearshore subaqueous delta channel network.
Observations of a new foreshock region upstream of a foreshock bubble's shock
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Hietala Heli , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Turner Drew L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEarth's foreshock is a region within the solar wind upstream of Earth's bow shock filled with backstreaming solar wind particles reflected at the shock. Within this region, when the interplanetary field is approximately radial, foreshock bubbles (FBs) can be formed when the backstreaming particles interact with approaching discontinuities embedded in the solar wind. Foreshock bubbles can grow to 5–10 RE in scale, well upstream of the bow shock. Having a high concentration of thermalized upstream ions and slow, or even sunward, speeds within them, these transient phenomena deflect the solar wind by forming a new shock ahead of them. Although FBs eventually succumb to solar wind dynamic pressure and crash onto Earth's bow shock and magnetopause, they may last long enough to allow solar wind reflection at their own shocks, which forms a new FB foreshock region upstream of them. The FB shock may be of different obliquity than the parent bow shock providing new and diverse opportunities for particle acceleration. Using a case study from Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms, we demonstrate that ions and electrons are reflected at the FB shock, where they acquire energies consistent with shock acceleration theory. These are the first definitive observations of a new ion and electron foreshock region upstream of the FB shock with implications for shock acceleration in general.
An observational analysis: Tropical relative to Arctic influence on midlatitude weather in the era of Arctic amplification
Authors: Cohen Judah 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tropics, in general, and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in particular are almost exclusively relied upon for seasonal forecasting. Much less considered and certainly more controversial is the idea that Arctic variability is influencing midlatitude weather. However, since the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Arctic has undergone the most rapid warming observed globally, referred to as Arctic amplification (AA), which has coincided with an observed increase in extreme weather. Analysis of observed trends in hemispheric circulation over the period of AA more closely resembles variability associated with Arctic boundary forcings than with tropical forcing. Furthermore, analysis of intraseasonal temperature variability shows that the cooling in midlatitude winter temperatures has been accompanied by an increase in temperature variability and not a decrease, popularly referred to as “weather whiplash.”
A stochastic scale‐aware parameterization of shallow cumulus convection across the convective gray zone
Authors: Sakradzija Mirjana , Seifert Axel , Dipankar Anurag 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe parameterization of shallow cumuli across a range of model grid resolutions of kilometre‐scales faces at least three major difficulties: (1) closure assumptions of conventional parameterization schemes are no longer valid, (2) stochastic fluctuations become substantial and increase with grid resolution, and (3) convective circulations that emerge on the model grids are under‐resolved and grid‐scale dependent. Here we develop a stochastic parameterization of shallow cumulus clouds to address the first two points, and we study how this stochastic parameterization interacts with the under‐resolved convective circulations in a convective case over the ocean. We couple a stochastic model based on a canonical ensemble of shallow cumuli to the Eddy‐Diffusivity Mass‐Flux parameterization in the icosahedral nonhydrostatic (ICON) model. The moist‐convective area fraction is perturbed by subsampling the distribution of subgrid convective states. These stochastic perturbations represent scale‐dependent fluctuations around the quasi‐equilibrium state of a shallow cumulus ensemble. The stochastic parameterization reproduces the average and higher order statistics of the shallow cumulus case adequately and converges to the reference statistics with increasing model resolution. The interaction of parameterizations with model dynamics, which is usually not considered when parameterizations are developed, causes a significant influence on convection in the gray zone. The stochastic parameterization interacts strongly with the model dynamics, which changes the regime and energetics of the convective flows compared to the deterministic simulations. As a result of this interaction, the emergence of convective circulations in combination with the stochastic parameterization can even be beneficial on the high‐resolution model grids.
Collaborative Inhibition and Semantic Recall: Improving Collaboration Through Computer‐mediated Communication
Authors: Hinds Joanne M. , Payne Stephen J. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryTwo experiments investigated the recall of nominal and collaborating groups to test the following hypotheses: (i) semantic memory, as well as episodic memory, is disrupted by collaborative recall and (ii) both episodic and semantic recall will be greater in groups collaborating via computer‐mediated communication (CMC) than groups collaborating face to face. Experiment 1 investigated different collaborative constellations (nominal, face to face and parallel CMC) in a series of episodic and semantic word recall tasks. In Experiment 2, collaborative groups (nominal, face to face, parallel CMC and cyclic CMC) completed a Scrabble task in which they were required to generate words from a set of 12 letters. Both experiments demonstrated that collaborative inhibition was present in semantic recall. Parallel CMC improved recall by comparison with face‐to‐face collaboration in both experiments, whereas cyclic CMC did not. The underlying causes of collaborative inhibitory effects and the potential for reducing them with CMC are discussed.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender Identity Predicts Autobiographical Memory Phenomenology
Authors: Grysman Azriel , Fivush Robyn 
Published: May 2016

SummaryGender differences emerge regularly in autobiographical memory research. We suggest that gender differences in phenomenological self‐report measures of autobiographical memory are rooted in gender identity rather than categorical gender. Reminiscing about the past is perceived as a female‐typical activity, and therefore, gender‐typical individuals will conform to these stereotypes. In this study, 196 participants, age 18–40, each rated the phenomenology of four event memories. Ratings of feminine gender identity, also completed by participants, consistently correlated with MEQ scores, indicating that greater endorsement of feminine gender norms predicted higher memory quality and valence. Masculine gender identity also correlated with MEQ scores, but these correlations were less consistent. Findings suggest that a focus on gender identity can both explain the source of some gender differences in autobiographical memory and potentially explain some inconsistencies in the current literature.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Infected iliac artery aneurysm with aortocaval fistula
Authors: Sasahashi Nozomu , Hamazaki Mikihisa , Asada Hidenori , Kataoka Tsuyoshi , Hamanaka Kunio , Nishiyama Kei 
Published: May 2016

CaseWe report a case of an infected iliac artery aneurysm complicated by an aortocaval fistula.OutcomeA 74‐year‐old‐man was admitted with fever, chills, general fatigue, and appetite loss. The patient was diagnosed with an infected iliac artery aneurysm, which was controlled with antibiotics preoperatively. During hospitalization, deep vein thrombosis developed with a pulmonary embolism resulting from an aortocaval fistula. The patient was successfully operated on with in situ autologous vein graft reconstruction.ConclusionAn infected iliac artery aneurysm with aortocaval shunt has rarely been reported. We successfully treated the patient with a combination of appropriate i.v. antibiotics and surgical resection.
Life‐threatening urethral hemorrhage after placement of a Foley catheter in a patient with uroseptic disseminated intravascular coagulation due to chronic urinary retention induced by untreated benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Ikegami Yukihiro , Yoshida Keisuke , Imaizumi Tsuyoshi , Isosu Tsuyoshi , Kurosawa Shin , Murakawa Masahiro 
Published: May 2016

CaseA 77‐year‐old man with severe septic disseminated intravascular coagulation following urinary infection was transported to our hospital. He had developed urinary retention induced by untreated prostatic hyperplasia. Immediate drainage with a Foley catheter was successfully carried out, but the hematuria progressed to life‐threatening hemorrhage.OutcomeComplete hemostasis was impossible by surgical treatment because the tissue around the prostatic urethra was very fragile and hemorrhagic. Organized treatments (continuous hemodiafiltration combined with polymyxin‐B immobilized fiber column hemoperfusion and systemic treatment with antibiotics and coagulation factors) were commenced soon after the operation. The patient eventually recovered from the septic disseminated intravascular coagulation.ConclusionThis case report illustrates the risk of placement of Foley catheters in patients with severe septic disseminated intravascular coagulation.
Densely Packed Hydrophobic Clustering: Encapsulated Valerates Form a High‐Temperature‐Stable {Mo132} Capsule System
Authors: Garai Somenath , Bögge Hartmut , Merca Alice , Petina Olga A. , Grego Alina , Gouzerh Pierre , Haupt Erhard T. K. , Weinstock Ira A. , Müller Achim 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPorous molecular nanocontainers of {Mo132}‐type Keplerates offer unique opportunities to study a wide variety of relevant phenomena. An impressive example is provided by the highly reactive {Mo132‐CO3} capsule, the reaction of which with valeric acid results in the very easy release of carbon dioxide and the uptake of 24 valerate ions/ligands that are integrated as a densely packed aggregate, thus indicating the unique possibility of hydrophobic clustering inside the cavity. Two‐dimensional NMR techniques were used to demonstrate the presence of the 24 valerates and the stability of the capsule up to ca. 100 °C. Increasing the number of hydrophobic parts enhances the stability of the whole system. This situation also occurs in biological systems, such as globular proteins or protein pockets.
Facet‐Dependent and Light‐Assisted Efficient Hydrogen Evolution from Ammonia Borane Using Gold–Palladium Core–Shell Nanocatalysts
Authors: Rej Sourav , Hsia Chi‐Fu , Chen Tzu‐Yu , Lin Fan‐Cheng , Huang Jer‐Shing , Huang Michael H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAu–Pd core–shell nanocrystals with tetrahexahedral (THH), cubic, and octahedral shapes and comparable sizes were synthesized. Similar‐sized Au and Pd cubes and octahedra were also prepared. These nanocrystals were used for the hydrogen‐evolution reaction (HER) from ammonia borane. Light irradiation can enhance the reaction rate for all the catalysts. In particular, Au–Pd THH exposing {730} facets showed the highest turnover frequency for hydrogen evolution under light with 3‐fold rate enhancement benefiting from lattice strain, modified surface electronic state, and a broader range of light absorption. Finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) simulations show a stronger electric field enhancement on Au–Pd core–shell THH than those on other Pd‐containing nanocrystals. Light‐assisted nitro reduction by ammonia borane on Au–Pd THH was also demonstrated. Au–Pd tetrahexahedra supported on activated carbon can act as a superior recyclable plasmonic photocatalyst for hydrogen evolution.
Size Dependence of [n]Cycloparaphenylenes (n=5–12) in Electrochemical Oxidation
Authors: Kayahara Eiichi , Fukayama Kei , Nishinaga Tohru , Yamago Shigeru 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe oxidation processes of [n]cycloparaphenylenes ([n]CPPs) (n=5–12) were systematically investigated by cyclic and rotating disk electrode voltammetry. All CPPs underwent pseudo‐reversible two‐electron oxidation irrespective of ring size, forming the corresponding radical cations and then dications. The results were in sharp contrast to those observed for linear oligoparaphenylenes, which only undergo one‐electron oxidation. The difference in the first and second oxidation potentials in the CPP oxidation was affected by the ring size and became more significant as the decrease of CPP size. In other words, while the first oxidation from neutral CPP to the radical cation occurred faster as the size of CPP becomes smaller, the second oxidation from the radical cation to dication exhibited opposite size dependence.
Effects of psychological interventions and patients' affect on short‐term quality of life in patients undergoing colorectal surgery
Authors: Koplin Gerold , Müller Verena , Heise Grit , Pratschke Johann , Schwenk Wolfgang , Haase Oliver 
Published: May 2016

AbstractPsychological interventions can improve Quality of Life (QoL). Object of interest was if different psychological interventions influence short‐term QoL after colonic resection for carcinoma. Furthermore, we wanted to see if there is a correlation between patients` preoperative affect and postoperative QoL. Sixty patients that underwent colorectal surgery were divided into three groups. Group one (n = 20) received Guided Imagery and group 2 (n = 22) Progressive Muscle Relaxation. The third group (Control, n = 18) had no intervention. Quality of Life (QoL) was measured using the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and the Gastrointestinal Quality of life Index (GIQLI). Patients' affect was measured by the PANAS questionnaire. The higher the preoperative Negative Affect was, the lower were the scores for QoL on the 30th postoperative day. Patients' QoL was highest preoperatively and lowest on the third postoperative day. On the 30th postoperative day scores for QoL were almost as high as preoperative without difference between the three groups. Neither Guided Imagery nor Progressive Relaxation was influencing short‐term QoL measured by the EORTC QLQ‐C30 and the GIQLI questionnaire after colorectal surgery for cancer. Screening patients' with the PANAS questionnaire might help to identify individuals that are more likely to have a worse QoL postoperatively.
Walk the talk: coordinating gesture with locomotion for conversational characters
Authors: Wang Yingying , Ruhland Kerstin , Neff Michael , O'Sullivan Carol 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCommunicative behaviors are a very important aspect of human behavior and deserve special attention when simulating groups and crowds of virtual pedestrians. Previous approaches have tended to focus on generating believable gestures for individual characters and talker‐listener behaviors for static groups. In this paper, we consider the problem of creating rich and varied conversational behaviors for data‐driven animation of walking and jogging characters. We captured ground truth data of participants conversing in pairs while walking and jogging. Our stylized splicing method takes as input a motion captured standing gesture performance and a set of looped full body locomotion clips. Guided by the ground truth metrics, we perform stylized splicing and synchronization of gesture with locomotion to produce natural conversations of characters in motion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heterogeneous Reactor Modeling of an Industrial Multitubular Packed‐Bed Ethylene Oxide Reactor
Authors: Nawaz Zeeshan 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe one‐dimensional heterogeneous model of an industrial multitubular packed‐bed ethylene oxide (EO) reactor was developed using the equation‐oriented platform Aspen Custom Modeler. Reactor operation was optimized in terms of maximized EO production and selectivity and enhanced safety related to the presence of oxygen in the EO reactor. Good agreement was found between the model results during validation against the available information under identical operating conditions. The model predicts the behavior of the EO reaction and demonstrates the extent of catalyst utilization with product distribution, product yield, by‐product formation, temperature and concentration profiles, over time and along the length of the reactor or catalyst bed. The model sensitivity studies compute the optimum feed flow, oxygen concentration, feed pressure, etc. and suggest the best operational philosophy.
Development and Characterization of High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Cells based on Layered Oxide and Hard Carbon
Authors: Keller Marlou , Vaalma Christoph , Buchholz Daniel , Passerini Stefano 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper reports the development and characterization of high‐performance sodium‐ion cells based on a starch‐derived hard carbon anode and a mixed layered oxide cathode with the overall composition of P2/P3/O2‐Na0.76Mn0.5Ni0.3Fe0.1Mg0.1O2. At first, both materials are tested in sodium‐metal half cells to demonstrate the cycling performance. On the basis of this electrochemical characterization, the systematic development of sodium‐ion cells is shown. Special attention is drawn towards activation, balancing, voltage range, as well as charging procedure. Important parameters such as energy and voltage efficiency, the influence of the constant voltage step at the end of the charge, as well as the potential and voltage profiles are discussed in greater detail. The developed sodium‐ion cells show high specific energies (200–240 W h per kg of cathode and anode active materials), high average discharge voltages (3.3 V), high energy efficiencies, and extraordinary long‐term cycling stability (e.g. 80 % capacity retention after 700 cycles). This performance underlines the beneficial combination of hard carbon and layered oxides and demonstrates sodium‐ion batteries to be a promising energy‐storage technology.
Electrochemiluminescence of Supramolecular Nanorods and Their Application in the “On–Off–On” Detection of Copper Ions
Authors: Lei Yan‐Mei , Zhao Min , Wang Ai , Yu Yan‐Qing , Chai Ya‐Qin , Yuan Ruo , Zhuo Ying 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this work, an “on–off–on” switch system has been successfully applied through the construction of an electrochemiluminscent biosensor for copper ion (Cu2+) detection based on a new electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter of supramolecular nanorods, which was achieved through supramolecular interactions between 3,4,9,10‐perylenetetracarboxylic acid (PTCA) and aniline. The initial “signal‐on” state with strong and stable ECL emission was obtained by use of the supramolecular nanorods with a new signal amplification strategy involving a co‐reaction accelerator. In addition, ECL quencher probes (Fc‐NH2/Cu‐Sub/nano‐Au) were fabricated by immobilizing aminoferrocene (Fc‐NH2) on Cu‐substrate strand modified Au nanoparticles. The quencher probes were hybridized with the immobilized Cu‐enzyme strand to form Cu2+‐specific DNAzyme. Similarly, the “signal‐off” state was obtained by the high quenching effect of Fc‐NH2 on the ECL of the excited‐state PTCA (1PTCA*). As expected, the second “switch‐on” state could achieved by incubating with the target Cu2+, owing to the Cu2+‐specific DNAzyme, which was irreversibly cleaved, resulting in the release of the quencher probes from the sensor interface. Herein, on the basis of the ECL intensity changes (ΔIECL) before and after incubating with the target Cu2+, the prepared Cu2+‐specific DNAzyme‐based biosensor was used for the determination of Cu2+ concentrations with high sensitivity, excellent selectivity, and good regeneration.