bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indianisme et militantisme protestant. Veyssière de La Croze et son Histoire du christianisme des Indes
Authors: Murr Sylvia 
Published: June 2016

Sylvia Murr : Indology and militant Protestantism : Veyssière de La Croze's Histoire du Christianisme des Indes.
La Croze's Histoire du Chistianisme des Indes (1724) provides an example of the utilisation of proto-ethnology in early 18th-century religious disputes. This exiled monk converted to Calvinism uses an enquiry into the Jesuits' missions in India to support the Huguenots' arguments against the Catholics. Besides the book's importance in diffusing B. Ziegelbalg's original material on the Malabar religion, it was influential in providing support for the patristic thesis of the Egyptian origin of the Hindu Religion. In addition to its fusion of Brahmins and Catholic clergy into a single caricature of superstition and religious trickery, this work led the way to the Enlightenment's use of Indology against all religions.
Virginie entre la nature et la vertu. Cohésion narrative et contradictions idéologiques dans Paul et Virginie
Authors: Racault Jean-Michel 
Published: June 2016

Jean-Michel Racault : Virginie between nature and virtue. Narrative
cohesion and ideological contradiction in Paul et Virginie.
In this novel, which aims to demonstrate that " happiness consists in living according to natural virtue ", the episode of Virginie's bath presents a problem. Behind the apparent impersonality of an objective description, the rigorous organisation of the account in which the external disorder of the physical world is paralleled by the heroine's internal unease, makes us see that the two series of events are the same. Thus Nature, until then a benign divinity, seems to change its character brutally, and the appearance of sexuality, which is incestuous and therefore forbidden, shatters the initial Eden-like world. This leads to a re-working of the novel's ideology, restoring — without perhaps the author being aware — the coherence which the work has often been accused of lacking.
Jardins et paysage. Existe-t-il un style anglais ?
Authors: Baridon Michel 
Published: June 2016

Michel Baridon : Gardens and landscape.
The aim of this article is to study the transition from the French to the English style of landscape gardening. It shows that the so-called " English garden " is aptly named, because although similar tendencies to promote irregularity and variety in the landscape garden also existed in France, it was in England that they could develop most freely. It was there alone that the scientific movement brought about changes in epistemological conceptions ; and these changes tallied with the political myths propagated by the aristocracy whose power had grown with the Glorious Revolution. In short, the English garden provided an image of the modernity of the age, an age which was largely shaped by things English.
Diderot historien de l'art ?
Authors: Becq Annie 
Published: June 2016

Annie Becq : Diderot art historian ?
The questioning title indicates that the issue is the very possibility, and not the nature of art history in France at this date. This article tries to explain the historical dimension of the Salons as documents of their time and inasmuch as their critical judgements imply a historical perspective, limited by the normative nature of this criticism. The normative point of view interferes with the explicitly historical projects laid out, for example in the articles art and encyclopédie. The archaic conception of cyclical revolutions which is still at the basis of historical knowledge is here combined with the opposition between Ancients and Moderns. Thus we have a model for understanding the historical nature of art which indicates that Diderot, like many Enlightenment thinkers, had problems with history and time.
Les Nouvelles ecclésiastiques au seuil de la Révolution (1788-1790)
Authors: Favre Robert 
Published: June 2016

Robert Favre : The Nouvelles ecclesiastiques at the beginning of the
revolution (1788-1790).
In 1788-9, the Jansenist paper the Nouvelles ecclésiastiques seemed uninterested in events, being only concerned with their opposition to Molinist thought. The only indication of their favourable attitude towards the new ideas is their denunciation of the «despotism » of the bishops and the Pope (called an «abso lute monarch »). After Christmas 1789, they began to mention the Revolution, but mainly in order to express their approval of the National Assembly's religious policy, which they saw as a way to force churchmen to return to evangelical poverty. However, they kept to traditional positions, condemning usury, the marriage of priests or the Deputies' toleration of actors, Jews and Protestants. Thus the N.E. only showed partial and selective support for the Revolution.
La naissance illégitime : faute ou innocence maternelles ?
Authors: Brouard-Arends Isabelle 
Published: June 2016

Isabelle Brouard : Illegitimate birth Maternal crime or innocence ?
Illegitimate birth is a favourite theme in 18th-century fiction. Picaresque or libertine novels use it to add spice or as an excuse for misogyny or licentiousness ; but there are also several novels which use it to increase the pathetic side of a dramatic situation. Other works are based on the transgression of illegitimate birth, which is particularly interesting as it raises the issue of the social and moral basis of the family. Conflict arises from the opposition between two codes, that of the individual and that of the family. In works such as La Religieuse, La mère coupable or Florian's short story Claudine we find a growing plea for the recognition of the pleasures of love and their consequence, namely the love child. The illegitimate child is no longer an outsider, for mother and child are rehabilitated and the original stain is washed clean.
La callipédie, ou l'art d'avoir de beaux enfants
Authors: Fischer Jean-Louis 
Published: June 2016

Jean-Louis Fischer : Callipedie, or the art of having fine children.
Callipédie, or the art of having fine children, is a Latin poem by Claude Quillet (1602-1661), which was only translated into French in 1749, as a result of contemporary discussions and reflexions in the medical world. J. -J. Rousseau's Emile was largely inspired by the writings of these 1750s authors, whose aim was not only to provide their country with the most perfect and healthy progéniture, but also to bring up these children in the best possible conditions. Fine children could not be fabricated without recommendations concerning the couple's hygiene and behaviour, which were in line with theories of generation and of risks for the foetus's normal development. Such problems of generation inspired a certain number of fictions which appeared a year after the translation of Callipédie, namely Lucine sine concubito, (1750) by Abraham Johnson or John Hill (1716-1775) and Concubitus sine Lucina (1750) by Richard Roe.
La mort-instant et la mort-processus dans la médecine de la seconde moitié du siècle
Authors: Milanesi Claudio 
Published: June 2016

Claudio Milanesi : Death as an instant and death as a process in late
18th-century medicine.
The transfer from the Christian and originally Platonic, paradigm, which defines death as the instant at which the soul is separated from the body, to the physiological and vitalistic model, which sees it on the contrary as a process characterized by the successive interruption of organic functions, took place in the works of the new Enlightenment medicine. The concept long attributed to Xavier Bichat was based on the research of Jean-Jacques Ménuret de Chambaud, Jacques-Benigne Winslow, and Paul-Joseph Barthez.
L'histoire de la Révolution française dans son moment herméneutique
Authors: de Baecque Antoine 
Published: June 2016

Antoine de Baecque : The history of the French Revolution in its hermeneutic phase.
A survey of the research carried out for the bicentenary of the French Revolution. This article remarks first of all that we have reached a new stage of historiographical studies, marked both by a "declassicisation" of studies and their fragmentation, and by a new sensitivity towards the text of the Revolution, perceived as an enigma worth being reinterpreted. The work under way has doubtless facilitated the reconstruction of the complexity of the Revolution's society and culture by bringing together three elements : a pregnant object of study, the political self-representation of the revolutionary community ; a new methodology, historical hermeneutics ; and an epistemological phenomenon particular to the atmosphere of the bicentenary, the break-up of fields of investigation.
Le projet esthétique de Beaumarchais
Authors: Hartmann Pierre 
Published: June 2016

Pierre Hartmann : Beaumarchais's aesthetic project.
The novelty and originality of Beaumarchais's dramatic language have long been recognised, but the importance of his poetic writings has often been underestimated. This article undertakes a new reading not only of his Essai sur le genre dramatique sérieux but also of the different prefaces he wrote for his theatrical works. This new perspective shows the existence of a coherent aesthetic project which reveals both a playwright convinced of Enlightenment philosophy and a writer involved in the political struggles of his time. At the centre of his aesthetic project is a democratic redefinition of the notion of the public which is the incarnation of "general opinion". Thus Figaro is the perfect representative of the nation and of that "frank and true gaiety" which aristocratic taste had expelled from the theatre ; Beaumarchais proposed to reinstate it, thus creating a sort of alliance between the "assembled public" and the innovating artist, a genius in Diderot's and perhaps already Hugo's sense.
Le Bédouin, le voyageur et le philosophe
Authors: Moussa Sarga 
Published: June 2016

Sarga Moussa : The Bedouin, the traveller and the philosopher.
In the 18th Century a new image of the Bedouin appears in French literature, in both travel accounts and works with anthropological or encyclopaedic ambitions. The nomadic Arabs, previously presented as frightening bloodthirsty beings, now more and more appear as free, hospitable people, living in the simple style of the ancient patriarchs. The first traces of this change, which is linked to the réévaluation of Islam in the early Enlightenment, can be found in d'Herbelot's Bibliothèque orientale (1697), d'Arvieux's Journey to Palestine (1717) or Boulan-villiers Life of Mohamed (1730). This image is, however, ambivalent and Turpin, the author of the article Arabes in the 1776 Supplement to the Encyclopédie, alternates beteween Rousseauistic praise for a people with 'natural' virtues and criticism of a society which tolerates stealing. It is this paradox which makes it possible, in the Romantic period, to project onto the Bedouin values like generosity and revolt, thus allowing a new reflection on humans as double beings.
Le squelette voyageur
Authors: Proust Jacques 
Published: June 2016

Jacques Proust : the travelling skeleton.
This 'traveller' is better known as the 'digging skeleton', which gave its name to a famous poem by Baudelaire. It was one of the illustrations of Vesalius De humani corporis fabrica, published in 1543 and reappears in the Encyclopé¬ die' s first volume of illustrations in 1762, as well as in the second edition of the first anatomical treatise published in Japan, completed in 1798. The "digging skeleton" could have reached Japan by one of two paths : through a Dutch translation of either Ambroise Paré' s Chirurgie published in Holland in the midddle of the 17th Century or Juan Yalverde de Amusco's Historia de la Composition del cuerpo humano published at Antwerp in 1566. The differences in detail found in all the reproductions of the original model are extremely interesting for the comparative history of ideas.
Crimes et châtiments. L'œil du médecin légiste
Authors: Porret Michel 
Published: June 2016

Michel Porret : Crime and punishment. The eye of the forensic pathologist.
All over Europe, in the 18th century, legal investigation and forensic practice rationalised the penal regime and reinforced the judge's certainty. Despite medicolegal doctrine dating from the Renaissance at least, forensic medicine was often empirical and enabled an 'objective' qualification of the crime using criteria drawn from the 'natural reality' of violent or sexual crime. As seen in Genevan penal practice, which was praised for its modernity by the Encyclopédie (article GENEVA), the Enlightenment forensic pathologist could limit the arbitrary tendencies of the judges thanks to an examination which established the pathological 'circumstances3 of a murder or rape. The forensic pathology of the Enlightenment, still little known, brought to penal practice of the time the 'proportion' between crime and punishment demanded by Beccaria in order to bring about judicial modernity and the moderation of punishment.
Le cas des minores
Authors: Plagnol Marie-Emmanuelle 
Published: June 2016

Marie-Eammanuelle Plagnol-Diéval : The case of minor authors.
The development of studies on 'minores' is renewing literary studies. This new field has replaced rigid visions of literary and philosophical history, and even the history of mentalities, ossified by ignorance, neglect, and a reaction against both anecdotic amateur 19th-century critics and overly detailed or shortsighted studies. The new more diverse research goes with a reflection on method, in the critical apparatus or the theoretical studies of research groups. The study of minor authors should not be seen as the poor relation of research on the big names, as it arises from the need to understand the mental, literary, historical and social background of 18th-century readers, even if the inherited image is also revealing and must be taken into account. Confrontation and comparison should contribute to an evaluation of the interaction between great and minor writers, using the principles applied to the so-called minor works of great authors.
Les éclats de rire du public de théâtre
Authors: Quéro Dominique 
Published: June 2016

Laughing out loud at the theatre.
Despite the fact that indiscreet and indecent laughter was long banned, it seems that in the 18th Century this did not prevent theatre audiences from laughing out loud, either to condemn a complete flop or on the contrary to confirm a success that believers in "high comic" considered unjustified. For this immoderate and involuntary laughter was not simply "laughing with the mouth" and the whole moving body, but also escaped the control of reason and was considered to be an offence to good taste and manners as it was too close to the people. Theatre audience laughter, considered from the physiological, psychological and sociological points of view, would seem to be the strongest proof of a true theatre comedy, a risible comedy, whose noisy outbursts, rather than worrying eclipses of reason, are in fact joyous shafts of madness.
Rire et pouvoir : la leçon du persiflage libertin
Authors: Bourguinat Élisabeth 
Published: June 2016

Laughter and power. The lesson of libertine persiflage.
Starting from an investigation into libertine persiflage, this article examines the basis of the power of laughter, firstly in interpersonal relationships, but also when it becomes a political weapon. According to the author, the "myth" at the basis of the representation of laughter in our civilisation is that of Genesis and man's dual nature, both matter and spirit. By revealing the "humours", according to Ben Jonson, or the "machine" according to Bergson, which make men agitate like puppets, the laugher identifies himself with a god modelling his creature and humiliates his victim in his own eyes. This is the force behind the power wielded -by means of laughter -by both the libertin in the salon and Voltaire in his militant works.
Rire et théâtre carnavalesque pendant la Révolution
Authors: Frantz Pierre 
Published: June 2016

Laughter and carnival theatre during the Revolution.
Despite the reticence of the revolutionary élite, comic theatre enjoyed undoubted public success during the Revolution. The relationship between this success, comic forms and these comedies' ideology is complex. The analysis of carnival-type plays (Le Jugement dernier des rois, La Folie de Georges, La Journée du Vatican ) reveals the form and function of "revolutionary" laughter. Traditional carnivalesque is reworked in a literary perspective and re-used for a new ideological and political purpose. But the instability and reversability of the carnival form mean that it cannot have a single inherent political meaning. This type of structure simply showed its usefulness for expressing different types of political tension. Carnival laughter also takes on a social meaning, either by its power of démystification or by uniting the audience around certain positive values. Violence and fear are integrated but controlled. There is an attempt to link an ancient tradition of laughter with a recent more serious didactic culture.
Rate and Predictors of Treatment Failure to All-Oral HCV Regimens outside Clinical Trials
Authors: Arias Ana , Aguilera Antonio , Soriano Vicente , Benítez-Gutiérrez Laura , Lledó Gemma , Navarro Daniel , Treviño Ana , Otero Esteban , Peña José M , Cuervas-Mons Valentín , de Mendoza Carmen 
Published: June 2016

Background Cure rates above 90% have been reported in most Phase III clinical trials using distinct all-oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in chronic hepatitis C patients. Preliminary results in real-world patients have confirmed this, although efficacy tends to be lower. Methods All consecutive chronic hepatitis C patients treated with all-oral DAA regimens at three hepatitis clinics in Spain were retrospectively examined. Host and viral factors were tested as predictors of treatment failure. Results A total of 363 chronic hepatitis C patients had completed a course of all-oral DAA therapy outside clinical trials up to the end of 2015. All but 14 (4%) patients achieved sustained virological response. There were 10 failures that occurred after 12 weeks of sofosbuvir-ledipasvir, despite 5 of them being on ribavirin. All failures but one were relapses. The only patient with viral breakthrough selected NS5B L159F and NS5A Y93H. In multivariate analyses, only advanced liver fibrosis (Metavir F3–F4) and HIV coinfection were significantly associated with treatment failure. A trend towards lower response was seen for HCV genotype 4. Conclusions Treatment failures outside clinical trials are roughly seen in 4% of chronic hepatitis C patients who complete a course of all-oral DAA therapy, resembling what is seen in registration trials. In our series, outcomes were not significantly influenced by ribavirin addition, IL28B polymorphisms, HCV genotype, high baseline HCV RNA or prior interferon failure. However, advanced liver fibrosis and HIV coinfection were significantly associated with treatment failure. Our findings support that there is still room for individualization of current DAA therapy.
Les pères confrontés à la décompensation maternelle
Authors: Gressier Florence , Cazas Odile , Glangeaud-Freudenthal Nine M.-C. 
Published: June 2016

Les troubles psychiatriques sont relativement fréquents en période périnatale. La décompensation maternelle peut mettre le conjoint en difficulté dans son accès à la paternalité. Comment un homme peut-il devenir père s’il n’est pas ou plus présent dans le discours de la mère et qu’il doit suppléer cette dernière dans les soins primaires à l’enfant ? Dans ce contexte, l’homme sera animé par différents mouvements, qui évolueront avec la symptomatologie de la mère. De plus, la santé mentale des pères ne doit pas être négligée pour eux-mêmes. Les troubles psychiques paternels doivent être dépistés le plus tôt possible pour diminuer l’effet négatif sur le bon développement psychique et moteur de l’enfant.
L’ecphrasis dans l’epyllion
Authors: Prioux Évelyne 
Published: June 2016

Dans l’Antiquité, le terme d’epyllion n’était pas employé pour désigner les poèmes que les Modernes ont, depuis le XIXe siècle, regroupé sous ce nom. Pour autant, beaucoup d’indices contribuent à montrer que la composition d’une partie des poèmes que nous désignons aujourd’hui sous le terme d’epyllion s’est inscrite dans une dynamique de réflexion sur l’épopée et sur la possibilité de repenser ce genre sous le signe de la λεπτότης. L’examen des quelques ecphraseis conservées dans les epyllia qui nous sont parvenus tend à confirmer que leurs auteurs étaient bien engagés dans une réflexion sur les genres littéraires : il est en effet possible de proposer une lecture métapoétique d'une partie des motifs rencontrés au sein de ces descriptions d'œuvres d'art. Cet article propose par exemple de considérer que certains motifs et certaines particularités de la description de la corbeille à fleurs de l’Europè de Moschos et de la tapisserie du Carmen 64 de Catulle s'expliquent par la volonté de livrer, sous forme de métaphore, une tentative de définition générique et stylistique du poème que l'auteur entendait écrire.
Literacy lessons learnt from parents in a community programme
Authors: Cozett Dawn , Condy Janet 
Published: June 2016

<p>The purpose of this study was to find out how parents can contribute to the early reading development of children in a Grade R class. The research was conducted in a low-income area in the Cape Flats. To gain a deeper understanding of the parents’ cultural values and aspirations when interacting with the Home-School Partnership Programme (HSPP) literacy programme, I elected to frame my study within the work of Paulo Freire, who argued that the purpose of education, at the time of his writing, was to make oppressed people passive. Qualitative data were gathered in a case study research design, utilising focus group interviews and semistructured questionnaire tools, as well as footage from a local broadcasting studio. The findings show that the parents, who were previously unable to assist their children with literacy skills at home, were keen to change and to be active partners in their children’s early literacy learning. This research is a descriptive example of how the home, the school and the community can collaborate in a meaningful and sustained way, especially in poverty-stricken areas where unemployment is rife.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>case study, Grade R, literacy, parents; Paulo Freire; poverty; qualitative</p>
Inmigrantes y museos de ciencias en tiempo de crisis. Estudio preliminar en dos museos de Barcelona
Authors: Castellanos Pineda Patricia , Sprünker Cardó Janine , Munilla Cabrillana Gloria 
Published: June 2016

El acceso al conocimiento genera desigualdades. El abismo que se produce entre los grupos alfabetizados científicamente y los que no, es susceptible de convertirse en causa de exclusión. En España, la relación entre los museos de ciencia y la población vulnerable, en este caso, la población inmigrante, ha sido poco trabajada, por lo que se busca contribuir a una línea consolidada en otros países. Metodología: El estudio utilizó encuestas en dos museos de ciencias de Barcelona para: conocer el perfil sociodemográfico, la relación que establece el público inmigrante con el museo y, sondear, la relación museo e identidad en dos museos de Barcelona. Resultados: Se comprobó que los visitantes se sienten cómodos en el museo, y encuentran elementos expositivos comunes entre su país y los del museo. En la interpretación de los resultados debe tenerse en cuenta que se trata de un estudio previo.