bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo characterization of a new type of biodegradable starch microsphere for transarterial embolization
Authors: Sommer Christof M , Do Thuy D , Schlett Christopher L , Flechsig Paul , Gockner Theresa L , Kuthning Anja , Vollherbst Dominik F , Pereira Philippe L , Kauczor Hans U , Macher-Göppinger Stephan 
Published: December 2017

Transarterial embolization is an established minimally invasive treatment for solid tumors. Unintended inflammation, foreign body reactions and ischemia-triggered neoangiogenesis are clinical drawbacks of permanent embolic materials. The aim of the current study was to characterize a new type of biodegradable starch microsphere with regard to angiographic and histopathological features such as patterns of acute arterial occlusion as well as induction of tissue necrosis, microsphere biodegradation, and inflammation and foreign body reactions during follow-up. Key characteristics of both biodegradable prototypes (L1 and L2; prototype groups) were as follows: microspheres are biodegradable by serum α-amylase, produced from chemically crosslinked potato starch to different extents, in a diameter range of ∼300–800 µm, differing in size distribution and featuring a microsphere deformation of ∼1%. In vivo transarterial embolization with L1 and L2, while applying clinical standard techniques, was performed and compared with clinically established permanent microspheres (Embosphere®500-700 and Embosphere®700-900; control groups). Twenty-four pig kidneys were embolized with the different embolic materials by following the study protocol, and there were no technical failures or complications. Parenchymal necrosis with interstitial calcification was observed in all kidneys independent of the type of embolic material used. Compared with the permanent embolic materials, biodegradable microspheres showed complete (L1) or partial (L2) biodegradation within one week after transarterial embolization, and induced a comparable (L1) or a lower (L2) degree of arterial wall necrosis and a lower degree of inflammation and foreign body reactions. In conclusion, the presented new type of biodegradable microsphere is promising, and could be further evaluated in terms of clinical translation.
Neuropsychiatric Profile in Early Versus Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Ferreira Maria do Céu , Abreu Maria João , Machado Célia , Santos Beatriz , Machado Álvaro , Costa Ana Sofia 
Published: December 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in patients with early onset Alzheimer’s disease (EAOD) and late onset AD (LOAD). Methods: Patients were selected from a specialized memory outpatient clinic. The Mini-Mental State Examination, the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), and the Global Deterioration Scale results were analyzed. Results: By comparing EOAD (n = 35) and LOAD (n = 35) patients, no significant differences were found in clinical or demographic variables, matched for sex, education, and disease severity. There were no differences between groups in total NPI frequency or severity scores. The most common NPS were irritability, apathy, anxiety, and depression. We found an association of NPI scores with disease severity and duration, which was more specific in patients with LOAD and was also associated with the presence of delusions and hallucinations. Conclusion: Despite subtle differences, NPS is considered important in the assessment of patients with AD, regardless of the age of onset.
Outcome and Prognostic Factors in Stage III Favorable-Histology Wilms Tumor: A Report From the Children’s Oncology Group Study AREN0532
Authors: Fernandez Conrad V. , Mullen Elizabeth A. , Chi Yueh-Yun , Ehrlich Peter F. , Perlman Elizabeth J. , Kalapurakal John A. , Khanna Geetika , Paulino Arnold C. , Hamilton Thomas E. , Gow Kenneth W. , Tochner Zelig , Hoffer Fredric A. , Withycombe Janice S. , Shamberger Robert C. , Kim Yeonil , Geller James I. , Anderson James R. , Grundy Paul E. , Dome Jeffrey S. 
Published: December 2017

Background The National Wilms Tumor Study (NWTS) approach to treating stage III favorable-histology Wilms tumor (FHWT) is Regimen DD4A (vincristine, dactinomycin, and doxorubicin) and radiation therapy. Further risk stratification is required to improve outcomes and reduce late effects. We evaluated clinical and biologic variables for patients with stage III FHWT without combined loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at chromosomes 1p and 16q treated in the Children’s Oncology Group protocol AREN0532. Methods From October 2006 to August 2013, 588 prospectively treated, centrally reviewed patients with stage III FHWT were treated with Regimen DD4A and radiation therapy. Tumor LOH at 1p and 16q was determined by microsatellite analysis. Ineligible patients (n = 5) and those with combined LOH 1p/16q (n = 40) were excluded. Results A total of 535 patients with stage III disease were studied. Median follow-up was 5.2 years (range, 0.2 to 9.5). Four-year event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival estimates were 88% (95% CI, 85% to 91%) and 97% (95% CI, 95% to 99%), respectively. A total of 58 of 66 relapses occurred in the first 2 years, predominantly pulmonary (n = 36). Eighteen patients died, 14 secondary to disease. A better EFS was associated with negative lymph node status ( P < .01) and absence of LOH 1p or 16q ( P < .01), but not with gross residual disease or peritoneal implants. In contrast, the 4-year EFS was only 74% in patients with combined positive lymph node status and LOH 1p or 16q. A total of 123 patients (23%) had delayed nephrectomy. Submitted delayed nephrectomy histology showed anaplasia (n = 8; excluded from survival analysis); low risk/completely necrotic (n = 7; zero relapses), intermediate risk (n = 63; six relapses), and high-risk/blastemal type (n=7; five relapses). Conclusion Most patients with stage III FHWT had good EFS/overall survival with DD4A and radiation therapy. Combined lymph node and LOH status was highly predictive of EFS and should be considered as a potential prognostic marker for future trials.
The impact of age on major orthopaedic trauma
Authors: Herron J. , Hutchinson R. , Lecky F. , Bouamra O. , Edwards A. , Woodford M. , Eardley W. G. P. 
Published: December 2017

Aims To compare the early management and mortality of older patients sustaining major orthopaedic trauma with that of a younger population with similar injuries. Patients and Methods The Trauma Audit Research Network database was reviewed to identify eligible patients admitted between April 2012 and June 2015. Distribution and severity of injury, interventions, comorbidity, critical care episodes and mortality were recorded. The population was divided into young (64 years or younger) and older (65 years and older) patients. Results Of 142 765 adults sustaining major trauma, 72 942 (51.09 %) had long bone or pelvic fractures and 45.81% of these were > 65 years old. Road traffic collision was the most common mechanism in the young (40.4%) and, in older people, fall from standing height (80.4%) predominated. The 30 day mortality in older patients with fractures is greater (6.8% versus 2.5%), although critical care episodes are more common in the young (18.2% versus 9.7%). Older people are less likely to be admitted to critical care beds and are often managed in isolation by surgeons. Orthopaedic surgery is the most common admitting and operating specialty and, in older people, fracture surgery accounted for 82.1% of procedures. Conclusion Orthopaedic trauma in older people is associated with mortality that is significantly greater than for similar fractures in the young. As with the hip fracture population, major trauma in the elderly is a growing concern which highlights the need for a review of admission pathways and shared orthogeriatric care models. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1677–80.
Minimally invasive surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: de Bodman C. , Miyanji F. , Borner B. , Zambelli P-Y. , Racloz G. , Dayer R. 
Published: December 2017

Aims The aim of this study was to report a retrospective, consecutive series of patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) who were treated with posterior minimally invasive surgery (MIS) with a mean follow-up of two years (sd 1.4; 0.9 to 0 3.7). Our objectives were to measure the correction of the deformity and record the peri-operative morbidity. Special attention was paid to the operating time (ORT), estimated blood loss (EBL), length of stay (LOS) and further complications. Patients and Methods We prospectively collected the data of 70 consecutive patients with AIS treated with MIS using three incisions and a muscle-splitting approach by a single surgeon between June 2013 and February 2016 and these were retrospectively reviewed. There were eight male and 62 female patients with a mean age of 15 years (sd 4.5 ) with a mean body mass index of 19.8 kg/m2 (sd 5.4). The curves were classified according to Lenke; 40 curves were type 1, 15 were type 2, three were type 3, two were type 4, eight were type 5 and two were type 6. Results The mean primary Cobb angle was corrected from 58.9° (sd 12.6°) pre-operatively to 17.7° (sd 10.2°) post-operatively with a mean correction of 69% (sd 20%, p < 0.001). The mean kyphosis at T5 to T12 increased from 24.2° (sd 12.2°) pre-operatively to 30.1° (sd 9.6°, p < 0.001) post-operatively. Peri-operative (30 days) complications occurred in three patients(4.2%): one subcutaneous haematoma, one deep venous thrombosis and one pulmonary complication. Five additional complications occurred in five patients (7.1%): one superficial wound infection, one suture granuloma and three delayed deep surgical site infections. The mean ORT was 337.1 mins (sd 121.3); the mean EBL was 345.7 ml (sd 175.1) and the mean LOS was 4.6 days (sd 0.8). Conclusion The use of MIS for patients with AIS results in a significant correction of spinal deformity in both the frontal and sagittal planes, with a low EBL and a short LOS. The rate of peri-operative complications compares well with that following a routine open technique. The longer term safety and benefit of MIS in these patients needs to be evaluated with further follow-up of a larger cohort of patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1651–7.
An analysis of 30-day mortality after weekend versus weekday elective joint arthroplasty in England and Wales
Authors: Hunt L. P. , Blom A. , Wilkinson J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Aims To investigate whether elective joint arthroplasty performed at the weekend is associated with a different 30-day mortality versus that performed between Monday and Friday. Patients and Methods We examined the 30-day cumulative mortality rate (Kaplan-Meier) for all elective hip and knee arthroplasties performed in England and Wales between 1st April 2003 and 31st December 2014, comprising 118 096 episodes undertaken at the weekend and 1 233 882 episodes performed on a weekday. We used Cox proportional-hazards regression models to assess for time-dependent variation and adjusted for identified risk factors for mortality. Results The cumulative 30-day mortality for hip arthroplasty was 0.15% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.12 to 0.19) for patients operated on at the weekend versus 0.20% (95% CI 0.19 to 0.21) for patients undergoing surgery during the normal working week. For knee arthroplasty, the cumulative 30-day mortality was 0.14% (95% CI 0.11 to 0.17) for weekend-operated patients versus 0.18% (95% CI 0.17 to 0.19) for weekday-operated patients. These differences were independent of any differences in patient age, gender, American Society of Anaesthesiologists grade, surgeon seniority, surgical and anaesthetic practices, and thromboprophylaxis choice in weekend versus weekday-operated patients. Conclusion The 30-day mortality rate after elective joint arthroplasty is low. Surgery performed at the weekend is associated with lower post-operative mortality versus operations performed on a weekday. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1618–28.
Quantifying the ‘law of diminishing returns’ in magnetically controlled growing rods
Authors: Ahmad A. , Subramanian T. , Panteliadis P. , Wilson-Macdonald J. , Rothenfluh D A. , Nnadi C. 
Published: December 2017

Aims Magnetically controlled growing rods (MCGRs) allow non-invasive correction of the spinal deformity in the treatment of early-onset scoliosis. Conventional growing rod systems (CGRS) need repeated surgical distractions: these are associated with the effect of the ‘law of diminishing returns’. The primary aim of this study was to quantify this effect in MCGRs over sequential distractions. Patients and Methods A total of 35 patients with a maximum follow-up of 57 months were included in the study. There were 17 boys and 18 girls with a mean age of 7.4 years (2 to 14). True Distraction (TD) was determined by measuring the expansion gap on fluoroscopy. This was compared with Intended Distraction (ID) and expressed as the ‘T/I’ ratio. The T/I ratio and the Cobb angle were calculated at several time points during follow-up. Results The mean follow-up was 30 months (6 to 57). There was a significant decrease in the mean T/I ratio over time (convex rod at 3 months 0.81, sd 0.58 vs 51 months 0.17, sd 0.16, p = 0.0001; concave rod at 3 months 0.93, sd 0.67 vs 51 months 0.18, sd 0.15, p = 0.0001). A linear decline of the mean T/I ratios was noted for both convex rods (r2 = 0.90, p = 0.004) and concave rods (r2 = 0.81, p = 0.015) over 51 months. At the 24-month follow-up stage, there was a significant negative correlation between the mean T/I ratio of the concave rod with weight (r = -0.59, p = 0.01), age (r = -0.59, p = 0.01), and BMI of the child (r = -0.54, p = 0.01). Conclusions The ‘law of diminishing returns’ is also seen after serial distraction using MCGR. Compared to previously published data for CGRS, there is a gradual linear decline rather than a rapid initial decline in lengthening. In older, heavier children a reduced distraction ratio in the concave rod of the MCGR device is noted over time. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1658–64.
The minimum follow-up required for radial head arthroplasty
Authors: Laumonerie P. , Reina N. , Kerezoudis P. , Declaux S. , Tibbo M. E. , Bonnevialle N. , Mansat P. 
Published: December 2017

AimsThe primary aim of this study was to define the standard minimum follow-up required to produce a reliable estimate of the rate of re-operation after radial head arthroplasty (RHA). The secondary objective was to define the leading reasons for re-operation.Materials and MethodsFour electronic databases, between January 2000 and March 2017 were searched. Articles reporting reasons for re-operation (Group I) and results (Group II) after RHA were included. In Group I, a meta-analysis was performed to obtain the standard minimum follow-up, the mean time to re-operation and the reason for failure. In Group II, the minimum follow-up for each study was compared with the standard minimum follow-up.ResultsA total of 40 studies were analysed: three were Group I and included 80 implants and 37 were Group II and included 1192 implants. In Group I, the mean time to re-operation was 1.37 years (0 to 11.25), the standard minimum follow-up was 3.25 years; painful loosening was the main indication for re-operation. In Group II, 33 Group II articles (89.2%) reported a minimum follow-up of < 3.25 years.ConclusionThe literature does not provide a reliable estimate of the rate of re-operation after RHA. The reproducibility of results would be improved by using a minimum follow-up of three years combined with a consensus of the definition of the reasons for failure after RHA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:1561–70.
The bully chamber: Creation of funhouse selves from distorted media
Authors: Shires Jeff , Orgel Nel 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article considers how the technological changes have facilitated the establishment of a sense of ‘ressentiment’ in modern political cultures. This is the unease created when someone believes they have been injured by another but feel impotent to act. While technologies have developed at a startling rate, society’s ability to deal with them has not kept up. Consequently, neo-liberal economic principles and political narratives have distorted the culture practices as a range of agencies (political, economic, technology) have become elitist and self-serving. Individual forms of identity are undermined by a surfeit of information in which online gatekeepers (Google, Facebook, Twitter) use algorithms that synthesize real with virtual emotional values. These distortions are now being made tangible with the election of right-wing populists such as Donald Trump and the genuine sense of popular dislocation that contributed to the UK Brexit vote.
Peningkatan Ibadah Mahasiswa Tuli dengan Praktik Salat Bisindo
Authors: Siddicq Achmad 
Published: December 2017

Prayer is an obligation for every Muslim. It consIst of speech and movement. The speech aspect of the prayer has been a problem for the deaf. They generally fail to learn and practice the prayer correctly becuase of this speech barrier. This paper is based on an action research designed to help deaf students to learn the prayer better. The action research was designed by visualizing the Arabic speech into the Indonesian Sign Language (BISINDO). The reasearch shows that the visualization of prayer speech into the Indonesian sign language is more effective than using the Arabic speech-based prayer learning. In addition, this program can affect the daily practice of prayer among deaf students.[Ibadah salat, yang merupakan kewajiban bagi setiap orang Islam, di ditunaikan dengan ucapan dan perbuatan. Unsur ucapan dalam salat menjadi hambatan bagi para Tuli. Karena gaya belajar berbasis visual merupakan cara yang paling optimal bagi Tuli untuk belajar, maka cara yang tepat dan aksesibel dalam belajar salat adalah dengan memvisualisasikan bacaan salat yang berBahasa Arab menjadi Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia (BISINDO). Artikel ini menjelaskan bagaimana cara meningkatkan praktik tata cara salat untuk mahasiswa Tuli melalui program pelatihan salat berbasiskan BISINDO. Penelitian tindakan (action research) yang menjadi dasar tulisan ini membuktikan bahwa visualisasi bacaan salat menjadi bahasa isyarat lebih efektif daripada menggunakan Bahasa Arab secara oral. Program ini terbukti mempengaruhi praktik salat mahasiswa Tuli dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya.]
Analysis of potential interactions between vitamins D and C using gene expression profiles from mouse models
Authors: Jiao Yan , Niu Mingming , Tian Cheng , Yan Jian , Vancil Aron W. , Yan Xuenan , Zhang Ming 
Published: December 2017

Vitamin D (VD) and vitamin C (VC) have been recognized as essential elements for human health. Animal models, especially mouse models, have been widely used in the study of VD and VC. This study is to investigate how VD and VC interact at molecular level using whole genome expression profiles from spleens of 111 mouse strains and livers from 40 mouse strains. We first identified the genes that are closely correlated to vitamin D receptor (Vdr) and gulonolactone oxidase (Lgo). We next analyzed the potential molecular pathways of Vdrand Lgo correlated genes and examined how these two sets of pathways are connected in liver and spleen. Our results indicated that Vdrand Lgo associate to distinct groups of genes. While most of genes are not the same, a few of them are associated to both Vdrand Lgo. Our gene network construction suggests that there are interactions between Vdrand Lgopathways. Our work laid down the foundation for future study of the interactions between VD and VC and revealed the potential bias when using animals for the study of VD or VC, as humans do not produce VC.
The Effect of Moderate Heat on Rat Pituitary ACTH Cells: Histomorphometric, Immunofluorescent and Hormonal Study
Authors: Popovska-Perčinić Florina , Jarić Ivana , Pendovski Lazo , Nataša Ristić , Trifunović Svetlana , Milošević Verica , Ajdžanović Vladimir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn areas with moderate continental climate, increased average ambient temperature during the summer represents a stressogenic factor that affects the hypothalamo-pituitaryadrenocortical axis in mammals. Therefore, we wanted to examine the effects of 4 days of constant exposure to moderately elevated ambient temperature (35 ± 1oC) on the histomorphometric and immunofl uorescent characteristics, as well as on the hormonal secretion of pituitary corticotropes (ACTH) cells in adult male rats. In comparison with the controls kept at 20 ± 2oC, a signifi cant increase (p<0.05) of the absolute and relative pituitary weight (23.1% and 36.1%, respectively) was registered after exposure to heat. The localization, as well as the shape of the ACTH cells in the heat exposed group was not signifi cantly altered, but their immunopositivity was weaker. After 4 days of heat exposure, a weaker signal confi rmed the relative fl uorescence intensity of the ACTH cells (15.3%, p<0.05). In heat exposed rats, an increase of the cellular and nuclear volumes of immunolabelled ACTH cells and decrease of their volume density (6.9%, 14.3% and 20.0%, respectively; p<0.05) was registered. Observed histomorphometric and immunofl uorescent features of the pituitary ACTH cells were in accordance with the increased (p<0.05) value of plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) by 23.7% compared to the control rats. It can be concluded that the 4-day exposure to moderately elevated ambient temperature intensifi es pituitary ACTH secretion in adult male rats.
Brix Refractometry of Colostrum from Primiparous Dairy Cows and New-Born Calf Blood Serum in the Evaluation of Failure of Passive Transfer
Authors: Stojić Milica , Fratrić Natalija , Kovačić Marijana , Ilić Vesna , Gvozdić Dragan , Savić Olivera , Đoković Radojica 
Published: December 2017

AbstractFailure of passive transfer (FPT) of immunoglobulins (IgG) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality of calves. In this study we evaluated the digital Brix refractometer usefulness for the assessment of FPT. A number of 16 colostrum samples from the first milking (2-3h post-partum) of Holstein-Friesian dairy heifers and 29 blood sera of 3-6 days old calves were analyzed with a digital Brix refractometer. Total proteins were determined by the biuret reaction. Colostral IgG were determined by radial immunodiffusion (RID), and colostral whey and blood serum γ globulin (composed almost entirely of IgG) were determined by agarose protein gel electrophoresis (APE) and densitometry. Colostral % Brix score was 25.5±3.4%. Concentrations of colostrum IgG and colostral whey γ globulin were 130±33 g/L and 100±24 g/L respectively. The concentration of total proteins in colostral whey was 134±30 g/L. The correlations between Brix values and the concentrations of IgG determined with RID and the concentrations of γ globulin determined with APE were positive and highly significant (P<0.001 and P<0.01). The concentration of serum proteins of new-born calves was 57.75±11.8 g/L, the concentration of γ globulin was 14.4±7.8 g/L, and the Brix score was 8.6±1.0%. FPT (serum γ globulin<10 g/L) was detected in 34.5% (10/29) calves. Brix score correlated with the concentration of blood serum γ globulins in all examined calves. The results have confirmed that digital Brix refractometry allows the producers to use this technique in order to estimate colostral and calf serum IgG, thereby monitoring both colostrum quality and success of passive transfer.