bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Análise das Convenções sobre Restituição de Crianças Indevidamente Transportadas ou Retidas à Luz da Teoria dos Regimes Internacionais
Authors: Costa José Augusto Fontoura , Lopes Rachel De Oliveira 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p125Neste artigo se examina a formação de regimes que tratam da subtração internacional de crianças, a partir da teoria das relações internacionais, demonstrando ser adequada a cooperação mesmo em hipóteses alheias a questões econômicas ou de segurança. Adota-se o método qualitativo, partindo do exame da formação dos regimes tratados, em seguida faz-se a análise dos modelos teóricos das relações internacionais e, finalmente, realiza-se o estudo da constituição e manutenção dos regimes, sob a perspectiva de cada um dos modelos teóricos, revelando-se ao final que a teoria das relações internacionais fornece instrumentos de fomento à cooperação mesmo em temas marginais ao lucro ou ao poder.
O Estatuto Jurídico das Baleias: capacidades, direitos e cultura
Authors: Wichert Rachel Nussbaum , Nussbaum Martha 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p19Baleias, apesar de estarem entre os seres mais majestosos, misteriosos, poderosos e inteligentes do nosso planeta, são profundamente ameaçadas. O direito internacional já há algum tempo tenta protegê-las da extinção. Este trabalho aborda o estatuto jurídico das baleias e argumenta que elas devem ser consideradas criaturas com direitos e não simplesmente commodities. Atualmente, o direito internacional não reconhece as baleias como criaturas com direitos. Organizações internacionais, particularmente a Comissão Baleeira Internacional (CIB) e seu documento de fundação, a Convenção Internacional para a Regulação da Atividade Baleeira (CIRB), estão centradas na questão da caça excessiva e permitiram exceções a padrões habituais, baseados tanto nas supostas necessidades de pesquisa científica (no caso do Japão) como na reivindicação de práticas culturais (no caso dos grupos indígenas do Ártico).
Democratização da Justiça e Governança: algumas notas sobre o Brasil
Authors: Tavares Neto José Querino , Barbosa Claudia Maria 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p41Direitos sociais têm uma dimensão coletiva que emerge especialmente quando tornam-se objeto de políticas públicas e então sua eficácia depende do alargamento dos espaços deliberativos no interior da sociedade civil. Embora a legitimidade do processo e a tomada de decisão dependam de a ordem jurídica prover espaços para garantir que interesses divergentes serão representados, isso ainda é difícil de ocorrer no judiciário. Audiências públicas e amicus curiae podem juntos trazer novos atores ao campo jurídico, que podem tornar a justiça mais capaz de resistir ao processo de dominação denunciado por Bourdieu, em direção à democratização do Judiciário.
Interpretação Constitucional: entre dinâmica e integridade
Authors: Clève Clèmerson Merlin , Lorenzetto Bruno Meneses 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p67O presente artigo trata da interpretação constitucional a partir de duas teorias normativas da jurisdição: de um lado, a proposta do direito como integridade, de Ronald Dworkin; do outro, a perspectiva dinâmica da interpretação, de William Eskridge. As teorias são apresentadas como indicativos para o debate sobre quem possui melhores condições para tomar decisões a respeito de casos difíceis. Por isso, o artigo indica algumas mudanças que ocorreram na jurisdição constitucional nos últimos tempos, apresenta aspectos essenciais das duas teorias em foco e traça pontos em comum e distanciamentos entre a vertente dinâmica e teoria do direito como integridade.
Democracia, Constituição e Relações Exteriores: o papel do Direito e da Cidadania no Contexto do Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano
Authors: Cademartori Sérgio Urquhart , De Miranda José Alberto Antunes 
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/2177-7055.2016v37n72p93Estudos de Direito Constitucional apresentam o Constitucionalismo como um processo de evolução linear. Ora, nem sempre essa mesma evolução é encontrada nos países do terceiro mundo, como é o caso dos países da América Latina. A relação entre o Novo Constitucionalismo Latino-Americano e democracia surge no centro dos debates acadêmicos suscitando a questão central desaber até que ponto a soberania popular pode esgotar todo o seu exercício de legitimação do poderem um texto constitucional. Caso emblemático é odas normas explicitamente voltadas para orientar as relações externas do país que estabelecem princípios balizadores da ação do Estado, disciplinando os procedimentos e competências institucionais dos diferentes agentes, organismos e poderes públicos envolvidos na questão. Os Ministérios das Relações Exteriores permanecem refratários a essas influências, mas os movimentos sociais buscam alianças com setores do Estado que também querem mais espaço na agenda diplomática.
Animal-Assisted Therapies and Dementia: A Systematic Mapping Review Using the Lived Environment Life Quality (LELQ) Model
Authors: Wood Wendy , Fields Beth , Rose Michelle , McLure Merinda 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. The authors mapped the literature on animal-assisted therapies (AATs) and institutionalized adults with dementia onto the Lived Environment Life Quality (LELQ) Model as a guide for future services and research.
METHOD. Refereed literature addressing AATs and institutionalized people with dementia was comprehensively gathered, described, categorized, and synthesized in this systematic mapping review.
RESULTS. From 1,342 screened records, the authors included 10 research articles that incorporated dogs in therapy for institutionalized adults with dementia. These canine-assisted therapies offered occupational opportunities and environmental supports conducive to experiences of relative well-being, occupational engagement, and optimal functioning.
CONCLUSION. The findings offer proof of the concept that canine-assisted therapies are feasible and can elicit positive quality-of-life experiences in institutionalized people with dementia. Researchers and practitioners need to elucidate the theoretical foundations of AATs. The LELQ Model may serve as a guide for client-centered, occupation-focused, and ecologically valid approaches to animal-assisted occupational therapy.
Reconceptualising transnational governance: making global institutions fit for purpose
Authors: Cleary Seán 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Tensions between national democratic accountability and transnational challenges undermine trust and collective action. Asymmetry between an integrated global economy, fragmented global community, and defective global polity, causes social turbulence. Facing technological disruption, we need a new order to address inequality; transform education; and build social capital. Diplomatic exchanges will not suffice, but the Paris Agreement and Agenda 2030 were enabled by bottom-up deliberations. The author proposes a UN conference of states to decide how to balance environmental sustainability, economic development and human security, after consultations on national proposals between policymakers, business and civil society, on principles, underlying values and legal norms.
Effects of gender and diet on back fat and loin area ultrasound measurements during the growth and final stage of fattening in Iberian pigs
Authors: González Ana , Ayuso Dolores , Peña Francisco , Martínez Andrés L. , Izquierdo Mercedes 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Reared in extensive parcels, 50 castrated or spayed Iberian pigs were fattened with conventional or high-oleic-concentrate diets to evaluate the effect of diet and sex on the measurements of the loin area depth, back fat thickness and its layers during the last 6 months before slaughter at eight time points in two anatomical locations by serial scans. The scan was the factor that had the greatest influence, followed by sex and diet. Back fat thickness at 10th rib level was higher than at 14th rib level. The thickness of the outer, middle and inner layers progressively increased over the study period. Throughout the experimental period, the differences between two successive scans of the M. longissimus area did not differ significantly, obtaining the lowest value at the third scan and the highest at the fifth scan. The ultrasound back fat depth was affected by sex, being greater in females and in animals with a high-oleic diet. Positive significant correlations were observed for measurements assessed. The R2 values for the regression equations to estimate M. longissimus area were lower than the values found for the prediction of fat measurements, and they differed between sex and diet. The relative back fat growth was higher than M. longissimus area, not permitting the establishment of a similar growth pattern for fat and muscle. The sex and diet was taken into account in the predictive models. The subcutaneous adipose layers in Iberian pigs grow at different rates during the last 6 months before slaughter; with the ultrasound serial scan, it is possible to show these changes. The change in diet and the sex affect the adipose tissue development, being more noticeable in the middle layer of back fat at 10th rib level and the inner layer at 14th rib level. However, the sex and the use of an enriched oleic acid diet do not affect to loin development. As the middle layer of back fat shows more growth, this layer could be the best to be included in predictive models. The middle layer of back fat could also be good to be included in predictive models. Back fat thickness at the eighth scan can be predicted with moderate accuracy from corresponding measurements taken 30 days earlier and with less accuracy as the interval between measurements increases.
Atmospheric chemistry, sources and sinks of carbon suboxide, C3O2
Authors: Keßel Stephan , Cabrera-Perez David , Horowitz Abraham , Veres Patrick R. , Sander Rolf , Taraborrelli Domenico , Tucceri Maria , Crowley John N. , Pozzer Andrea , Stönner Christof , Vereecken Luc , Lelieveld Jos , Williams Jonathan 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Carbon suboxide, O  =  C  =  C  =  C  =  O, has been detected in ambient air samples and has the potential to be a noxious pollutant and oxidant precursor; however, its lifetime and fate in the atmosphere are largely unknown. In this work, we collect an extensive set of studies on the atmospheric chemistry of C3O2. Rate coefficients for the reactions of C3O2 with OH radicals and ozone were determined as kOH =  (2.6 ± 0.5)  ×  10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 295 K (independent of pressure between  ∼  25 and 1000 mbar) and kO3  <  1.5  ×  10−21 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 at 295 K. A theoretical study on the mechanisms of these reactions indicates that the sole products are CO and CO2, as observed experimentally. The UV absorption spectrum and the interaction of C3O2 with water (Henry's law solubility and hydrolysis rate constant) were also investigated, enabling its photodissociation lifetime and hydrolysis rates, respectively, to be assessed. The role of C3O2 in the atmosphere was examined using in situ measurements, an analysis of the atmospheric sources and sinks and simulation with the EMAC atmospheric chemistry–general circulation model. The results indicate sub-pptv levels at the Earth's surface, up to about 10 pptv in regions with relatively strong sources, e.g. influenced by biomass burning, and a mean lifetime of  ∼  3.2 days. These predictions carry considerable uncertainty, as more measurement data are needed to determine ambient concentrations and constrain the source strengths.
Observations of particles at their formation sizes in Beijing, China
Authors: Jayaratne Rohan , Pushpawela Buddhi , He Congrong , Li Hui , Gao Jian , Chai Fahe , Morawska Lidia 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. New particle formation (NPF) has been observed in many highly polluted environments of South East Asia, including Beijing, where the extent of its contribution to intense haze events is still an open question. Estimated characteristics of NPF events, such as their starting times and formation and growth rates of particles, are more accurate when the detection range of particles extends to smaller sizes. In order to understand the very first steps of particle formation, we used a neutral cluster and air ion spectrometer (NAIS) to investigate particle characteristics at sizes exactly at which atmospheric nucleation and cluster activity occurs. Observations over a continuous 3-month period in Beijing showed 26 NPF events. These events generally coincided with periods with relatively clean air when the wind direction was from the less industrialised north. No NPF events were observed when the daily mean PM2. 5 concentration exceeded 43 µg m−3, which was the upper threshold for particle formation in Beijing. The fraction of particles that are charged in the size range 2–42 nm was normally about 15 %. However, this fraction increased to 20–30 % during haze events and decreased to below 10 % during NPF events. With the NAIS, we very precisely determined the starting times of NPF to a greater accuracy than has been possible in Beijing before and provided a temporal distribution of NPF events with a maximum at about 08:30 LT. Particle formation rates varied between 12 and 38 cm−3 s−1. Particle growth rates were estimated to be in the range of 0.5–9.0 nm h−1. These results are more reliable than previous studies in Beijing as the measurements were conducted for the first time at the exact sizes at which clusters form into particles and provide useful insight into the formation of haze events.
The double high tide at Port Ellen: Doodson's criterion revisited
Authors: Byrne Hannah A. M. , Green J. A. Mattias , Bowers David G. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Doodson proposed a minimum criterion to predict the occurrence of double high (or double low) waters when a higher-frequency tidal harmonic is added to the semi-diurnal tide. If the phasing of the harmonic is optimal, the condition for a double high water can be written bn2∕a > 1 where b is the amplitude of the higher harmonic, a is the amplitude of the semi-diurnal tide, and n is the ratio of their frequencies. Here we expand this criterion to allow for (i) a phase difference ϕ between the semi-diurnal tide and the harmonic and (ii) the fact that the double high water will disappear in the event that b∕a becomes large enough for the higher harmonic to be the dominant component of the tide. This can happen, for example, at places or times where the semi-diurnal tide is very small. The revised parameter is br2∕a, where r is a number generally less than n, although equal to n when ϕ = 0. The theory predicts that a double high tide will form when this parameter exceeds 1 and then disappear when it exceeds a value of order n2 and the higher harmonic becomes dominant. We test these predictions against observations at Port Ellen in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland. For most of the data set, the largest harmonic of the semi-diurnal tide is the sixth diurnal component, for which n = 3. The principal lunar and solar semi-diurnal tides are about equal at Port Ellen and so the semi-diurnal tide becomes very small twice a month at neap tides (here defined as the smallest fortnightly tidal range). A double high water forms when br2∕a first exceeds a minimum value of about 1.5 as neap tides are approached and then disappears as br2∕a then exceeds a second limiting value of about 10 at neap tides in agreement with the revised criterion.
A reversibilidade da tutela possessória na política pública de reforma agrária
Authors: Cirne Mariana Barbosa 
Published: July 2017

O presente artigo pretende realizar uma pesquisa no âmbito do direito processual civil sobre o instituto da posse, e a sua antecipação, no contexto da ação de desapropriação por interesse social para fins de reforma agrária, prevista no artigo 6º, I, da Lei Complementar nº 76/93. Almeja-se tratar da política pública para adentrar na delineação da posse para em seguida tratar sobre a possibilidade de sua imissão antecipada, nas particularidades de um procedimento especial em desapropriação, levando-se em conta o conceito de reversibilidade da medida e o interesse público envolvido. Além disso, busca-se elucidar os entraves encontrados pelo INCRA para desenvolver essa política pública em decorrência da compreensão judicial sobre o instituto. Ao se verificar a existência de um problema (não-efetividade das desapropriações por interesse social para fins de reforma agrária, por limitações à imissão na posse) espera-se propor uma reflexão sobre a antecipação de tutela, no intuito de tornar possível a política pública.
Transparantie van ziekenhuistarieven: een wazige spiegel of oog in oog?
Authors: Tichem Jan , Sauter Wolf 
Published: July 2017

Transparantie van ziekenhuistarieven: een wazige spiegel of oog in oog?
Binnen het Nederlandse zorgstelsel heeft transparantie van ziekenhuistarieven voor- en nadelen. Het belangrijkste voordeel is dat transparantie beneden de eigen risicogrens de consument duidelijkheid kan bieden over zijn zorgkosten. Het belangrijkste nadeel is dat transparantie tot prijspariteit kan leiden: elke verzekeraar betaalt uiteindelijk dezelfde prijs voor zorgproducten. Hierdoor verzwakken de prikkels voor verzekeraars om scherp te onderhandelen. Daarnaast kan transparantie leiden tot uitholling van het eigen risico en te veel concurrentie op prijs ten koste van kwaliteit. Andere effecten van transparantie zoals stilzwijgende afstemming tussen ziekenhuizen en betere kostprijsinschattingen lijken beperkt. Wij concluderen dat transparantie idealiter geboden wordt door verzekeraars aan hun eigen verzekerden, op beveiligde wijze, en uitsluitend voor tarieven onder de eigen risicogrens.
Commissie mag onrechtmatig door onderneming gemaakte audio-opnamen gebruiken als bewijs
Authors: Heijnsbroek Paul 
Published: July 2017

Commissie mag onrechtmatig door onderneming gemaakte audio-opnamen gebruiken als bewijs
De kern van dit arrest is de ruime toelaatbaarheid van audio-opnamen als bewijs voor een kartelinbreuk. Tijdens een inspectie trof de Commissie audio-opnamen aan die Kok Seafood heimelijk had gemaakt van telefoongesprekken met Heiploeg. Zelfs als deze opnamen onrechtmatig zijn gemaakt, mocht de Commissie die van het Gerecht gebruiken als bewijs tegen Heiploeg. Van belang daarvoor was dat Heiploeg niet van een eerlijk proces is beroofd en de opnamen niet het enige bewijsmiddel waren. In deze annotatie wordt nader ingegaan op deze toetsingsnorm en de verhouding daarvan tot nationale regels en andere jurisprudentie.
Les théories de la criminalisation à l’épreuve de la prostitution
Authors: Robert Marie-Pierre , Bernatchez Stéphane 
Published: July 2017

Dans la foulée de l’arrêt Bedford et de l’adoption de la loi modifiant le Code criminel qui a suivi celui-ci, le présent article s’intéresse à la criminalisation des infractions reliées à la prostitution au Canada. Plus précisément, il analyse les théories de la criminalisation qui peuvent être utilisées afin de tenter de justifier la criminalisation de certaines infractions relatives à la prostitution : le moralisme juridique, la théorie du préjudice ainsi que les valeurs de la Charte et le vivre ensemble. Révélant leurs limites, ces théories parviennent difficilement à justifier la criminalisation de la prostitution.
Sur la réforme des mères déviantes : les représentations de la maternité dans la jurisprudence de la Chambre de la jeunesse, entre différenciation et responsabilité
Authors: Bernheim Emmanuelle 
Published: July 2017

Au Québec, la direction de la protection de la jeunesse (DPJ) intervient majoritairement auprès de familles survivant dans la pauvreté ou l’extrême pauvreté alors qu’environ 45 % d’entre elles vivent de l’aide sociale et que plus de 50 % déclarent un revenu annuel de moins de 15 000 $. Il apparaît donc pertinent d’étudier la manière dont la Chambre de la jeunesse traite de la question de la pauvreté. Or, l’analyse de la jurisprudence de la Chambre de la jeunesse démontre qu’elle n’est presque jamais développée dans les décisions judiciaires, seulement mentionnée. En revanche, le discours présent dans la jurisprudence dénote de manière évidente une représentation de la famille largement fondée sur la reproduction des rôles sexués, donnant lieu à des traitements parentaux différenciés.

À partir d’un échantillon aléatoire de 100 décisions de la Chambre de la jeunesse, l’auteure analyse le discours jurisprudentiel sur les mères de la DPJ. Il s’avère que, si un ensemble d’enjeux récurrents se retrouvent dans la littérature scientifique sur les compétences parentales, d’autres relèvent plutôt d’une conception traditionnelle de la maternité. Ainsi, la jurisprudence étudiée fait généralement assumer aux mères la responsabilité du bien-être et du développement des enfants, peu importe la présence des pères et la réalité matérielle dans laquelle celles-ci se trouvent. En lien avec cette responsabilité, le tribunal émet des injonctions très claires au changement de comportement ou de mode de vie, dans certains cas au-delà de la compétence de la Chambre de la jeunesse et à l’encontre des connaissances scientifiques.
Accompagnement et injonctions sociales dans les tribunaux de santé mentale
Authors: Dumais Michaud Audrey-Anne 
Published: July 2017

Depuis les années 90, les tribunaux spécialisés ont émergé dans le paysage judiciaire. Cet article s’intéresse particulièrement aux tribunaux de santé mentale, conceptualisés comme étant le fruit d’une hybridation entre le droit et la psychiatrie. S’inscrivant dans le cadre d’une thèse, cet article exposera la manière dont les discours concernant la santé mentale et la normativité sociale sont intégrés dans ce type de tribunal et influencent leurs pratiques. Plus précisément, il sera illustré que les injonctions liées au récit biographique, à la responsabilité et à l’activation sont déterminantes dans le parcours des personnes interpellées par ce tribunal. Le regard transversal permettra d’éclairer la tension entre vulnérabilité sociale et régulation pénale des problèmes sociaux complexes.
L’infraction d’attroupement illégal dans la régulation de la manifestation : un embarras pour la théorie pénale
Authors: Villeneuve Ménard Francis 
Published: July 2017

La régulation de la manifestation par le droit prend de nombreux visages : injonctions, règlements municipaux relatifs aux troubles de la paix et de l’ordre public, lois sur la circulation routière, infractions criminelles, etc. La multiplication des normes juridiques applicables à la manifestation, jumelée à un durcissement des pratiques policières lors d’événements de ce type, entraîne depuis une vingtaine d’années une judiciarisation accrue des manifestants et des manifestantes au Canada, phénomène auquel cet article s’attarde. L’auteur entend démontrer que, malgré le recours de plus en plus fréquent au droit pénal réglementaire, le droit criminel continue d’occuper une place de choix dans l’arsenal législatif à la disposition des forces de l’ordre. C’est particulièrement le cas de l’infraction d’avoir participé à un attroupement illégal. Or, un examen de la définition contemporaine de cette notion séculaire révèle de nombreuses tensions avec certains principes censés être au coeur du droit criminel moderne, à savoir le principe de légalité, l’idée de faute individuelle et celle d’un droit tourné vers le passé.