bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Machinery” or “spirit” of the welfare state: institutional change as institutional inertia
Authors: Frericks Patricia 
Published: April 2017

PurposeMuch has been said about institutional change and the forms it can take, whether it is abrupt or incremental, path breaking or path dependent. This strand of research is highly relevant in times of welfare institutional reforms and changes. A puzzle, however, remains, and it concerns the empirical phenomena that there might be institutional inertia despite seeming change. One reason for this remaining puzzle is, as argued here, that the ongoing theoretical reflections have a certain blind spot: “institutional constellations” and their characteristics. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to analyse the “layering” of a welfare institution which results in an institutional constellation.Design/methodology/approachSuch newly established institutional constellations, though they look roughly similar and are formed of comparable ingredients, can differ profoundly between themselves. This could be due to the fact that the characteristics of institutions depend on the regulating principles (the “spirit”) implemented in them. To validate this hypothesis, the author analyses in depth the institutional layering in two traditionally different social protection systems: the Dutch and the German pension systems.FindingsIn both cases, as the author shows, the traditional regulating principles are also implemented in the newly established institutional constellation, so that in the end pension systems do not change but differ as they did before.Originality/valueThe empirical phenomenon of institutional inertia despite seeming change has not yet been explicitly addressed. This is the case since the ongoing theoretical reflections have a certain blind spot: “institutional constellations” and their characteristics which are the focus of this paper.
Income generation, informality and poverty in urban Turkey
Authors: Eroğlu Şebnem 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the key sources of poor urban households’ relative success (or failure) in reducing poverty by income generation activities. It specifically investigates the conditions of informal employment in order to understand how and to what extent they affect households’ chances of success.Design/methodology/approachThe data were drawn from interviews with 17 low-income households randomly selected from an informalgecekondusettlement based in the capital city of Turkey.FindingsThe research challenges the dominant viewpoint, which attributes success to having fewer dependants or more resources. It shows that success depends more on the benefit delivery capacity of resources and this depends largely on wider structural factors. Informal employment is found to constitute one key structural factor, which limits households’ chances of success to a greater extent than formal employment not only through condemning them to low pay but also through imposing more restrictions upon their access to state welfare.Research limitations/implicationsThe case study has significant implications for poverty research and measurement since it reinforces the idea that an improved understanding of poverty and its causes requires a multi-dimensional approach that takes into account the conditions of work extending beyond pay.Practical implicationsThe study shows that substantial improvement upon the lives of poor households requires changes at the macro-level, and the adoption of an employment-centred approach where the priority is given to the creation of jobs with decent working conditions, tighter labour market regulation and effective enforcement of these regulations.Originality/valueThrough a qualitative as well as quantitative exploration of low-income households living in the periphery of the Turkish capital, the study empirically challenges the conventional wisdom about urban survival which overemphasises the resilience of poor people. It also contributes to the less developed parts of the research literature on informal employment through demonstrating its poverty-inducing effects. Furthermore, the study makes a theoretical contribution by developing a new conceptual framework that places informal employment within the wider context of household resources, livelihoods and poverty.
Immune responses to highly conserved influenza A virus matrix 1 peptides
Authors: Lohia Neha , Baranwal Manoj 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTInfluenza vaccine development is considered to be complicated and challenging. Constantly evolving influenza viruses require continuous global monitoring and reformulation of the vaccine strains. Peptides that are conserved among different strains and subtypes of influenza A virus are strongly considered to be attractive targets for development of cross protective influenza vaccines that stimulate cellular responses. In this study, three highly conserved (>90%) matrix 1 peptides that contain multiple T cell epitopes, ILGFVFTLTVPSERGLQRRRF (PM1), LIRHENRMVLASTTAKA (PM2) and LQAYQKRMGVQMQR (PM3), were assessed for their immunogenic potential in vitro by subjecting peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers to repetitive stimulation with these chemically synthesised peptides and measuring their IFN‐γ concentrations, proliferation by ELISA, and 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, respectively. Seven samples were screened for immunogenicity of PM1 and PM2, and six for that of PM3. All six samples had positive responses (IFN‐γ secretion) to PM3 stimulation, as did five and three for PM2 and PM1 respectively. In contrast, seven (PM1 and PM2) and four (PM3) samples showed proliferative response as compared with unstimulated cells. The encouraging immunogenic response generated by these highly conserved matrix 1 peptides indicates they are prospective candidates for development of broadly reactive influenza vaccines.
Influence of enrofloxacin on the coagulation time and the quality parameters of goat's milk yoghurt
Authors: Beltrán Maria Carmen , Morari‐Pirlog Alisa , Quintanilla Paloma , Escriche Isabel , Molina Maria Pilar 
Published: April 2017

Three batches of yoghurts were made from goat's milk with different enrofloxacin concentrations (0, 50, 100 and 150 μg/kg). Quality parameters were analysed at 1, 7, 14 and 28 days at 5 °C. Drug residues were also quantified by HPLC. Coagulation time and most yoghurt properties remained unaffected by the presence of enrofloxacin in goat's milk. However, quality parameters were affected by the storage period. 74.9–99.2% of enrofloxacin initially added to goat's milk remained in the yoghurt throughout its entire shelf life, potentially posing a risk to consumer health. Therefore, an enrofloxacin maximum residue limit in yoghurt should be established.
Low‐fat Cheddar cheese made using microparticulated whey proteins: Effect on yield and cheese quality
Authors: Stankey Jessica A , Lu Yanjie , Abdalla Abdelmoneim , Govindasamy‐Lucey Selvarani , Jaeggi John J , Ø Mikkelsen Bente , Pedersen Kenneth T , Andersen Claus B 
Published: April 2017

Influence of different levels (0, 0.15, 0.35 or 0.50%) of microparticulated whey protein (MWP) on yield and quality of low‐fat (~7.3 g/100 g) Cheddar cheese was investigated. MWP improved cheese yield due to the water‐binding ability of denatured whey protein. MWP addition decreased meltability but improved the textural properties beneficial for shredding and slicing, by decreasing sensory firmness. The results emphasise the role of MWP as an inert filler within cheese matrix, in improving cheese yield and creating a softer texture without compromising the sensory or overall quality of cheese, even with moisture increases in 0.35 or 0.50% MWP cheeses.
A multinomial network method for the analysis of mate choice and assortative mating in spatially structured populations
Authors: Muniz Danilo G. , Santos Eduardo S. A. , Guimarães Paulo R. , Nakagawa Shinichi , Machado Glauco 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Mate sampling, whereby individuals cannot access all potential mating partners in a population, is a ubiquitous yet poorly explored process. Ignoring mate sampling may underestimate female choice because the smaller the sample taken by individuals of the choosing sex, the weaker the correlation between sexually selected traits and the mating success among individuals of the chosen sex. A main factor promoting mate sampling is the spatial distribution of individuals. Thus, including distances in models of mate choice should improve estimates of mate choosiness. However, spatial distances between individuals are pairwise variables and cannot be readily included in the models commonly used to investigate mate choice.

We address this limitation by proposing a multinomial network (MN) model of mate choice, and comparing its performance with a previously published binomial generalized linear mixed model. Both models allow the inclusion of pairwise predictors, accommodating spatial distances between individuals in analyses of mate choice. We evaluated the performance of these models in detecting directional and assortative mate choice using different simulated datasets: with and without spatial information, and with and without spatial autocorrelation of male and female traits. We also took samples of different sizes from the simulated datasets to evaluate the models’ performance when data are incomplete.

Using both models, the exclusion of spatial information underestimated mate choice. Small sample sizes from the simulated populations led to underestimated directional mate choice, whereas assortative choice estimates were unbiased. Taking larger samples increased statistical power, and confidence interval coverage of both models. Spatial autocorrelation decreased the power of both models, but the MN model was less affected by it.

We conclude that including space in analyses of mate choice increases our ability to detect and accurately estimate mate choice using observational data. The MN model is a powerful and flexible tool that should be used in studies of mate choice in spatially structured populations. Moreover, the model can be used to investigate choice in other contexts, such as floral constancy by pollinators and host plant selection by phytophagous insects.
Levodopa prevents the reinstatement of cocaine self‐administration in rats via potentiation of dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex
Authors: Antinori Silvia , Fattore Liana , Saba Pierluigi , Fratta Walter , Gessa Gian Luigi , Devoto Paola 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDopamine agonists have been proposed as therapeutic tools for cocaine addiction. We have recently demonstrated that indirect dopamine agonists, including levodopa (L‐DOPA), markedly increase cocaine‐induced dopamine release in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats leading to the suppression of cocaine‐seeking behavior. This study was aimed to understand the behavioral and neurochemical effects of L‐DOPA on cocaine‐taking and cocaine‐seeking in rats. After reaching a stable pattern of intravenous cocaine self‐administration under a continuous fixed ratio (FR‐1) schedule of reinforcement, male rats were treated with L‐DOPA at different steps of the self‐administration protocol. We found that L‐DOPA reduced cocaine self‐administration under FR‐1 schedule of reinforcement and decreased the breaking points and the amount of cocaine self‐administered under the progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement. Levodopa also decreased cocaine‐seeking behavior both in a saline substitution test and in the cue priming‐induced reinstatement test, without affecting general motor activity. Importantly, L‐DOPA greatly potentiated cocaine‐induced dopamine release in the mPFC of self‐administering rats while reducing their cocaine intake. In the same brain area, L‐DOPA also increased dopamine levels during cue priming‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking behavior. The potentiating effect was also evident in the mPFC but not nucleus accumbens core of drug‐naïve rats passively administered with cocaine. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that L‐DOPA efficaciously reduces the reinforcing and motivational effects of cocaine likely potentiating dopamine transmission in the mPFC. Its ability to prevent cue priming‐induced reinstatement of cocaine‐seeking suggests that it might be effective in reducing the risk to relapse to cocaine in abstinent patients.
Surgical treatment and outcome of early invasive adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix (FIGO stage IA1)
Authors: Yahata Hideaki , Sonoda Kenzo , Yasunaga Masafumi , Ohgami Tatsuhiro , Kawano Yoshiaki , Kaneki Eisuke , Okugawa Kaoru , Kaku Tsunehisa , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo investigate the surgical outcome of FIGO stage IA1 cervical adenocarcinoma.MethodsBetween 2005 and 2011, 12 patients from Kyushu University Hospital had cervical adenocarcinoma, with a tumor depth of less than 3 mm and a horizontal width of less than 7 mm (FIGO stage IA1), diagnosed by cervical conization. All patients underwent simple hysterectomy or simple trachelectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy.ResultsThe mean patient age was 34 years (range, 26–70 years). The median follow‐up period was 70.5 months (range, 26–99 months). No pelvic lymph‐node metastasis was seen, and no patient experienced disease recurrence.ConclusionEarly invasive cervical adenocarcinoma with a depth of invasion of 3 mm or less and a horizontal spread of 7 mm or less has little potential for nodal metastasis or recurrence. Therefore, simple hysterectomy or trachelectomy, without lymphadenectomy, might be an alternative treatment option for stage IA1 cervical adenocarcinoma.
Paths of Recruitment: Rational Social Prospecting in Petition Canvassing
Authors: Nall Clayton , Schneer Benjamin , Carpenter Daniel 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPetition canvassers are political recruiters. Building upon the rational prospector model, we theorize that rational recruiting strategies are dynamic (Bayesian and time‐conscious), spatial (constrained by geography), and social (conditioned on relations between canvasser and prospect). Our theory predicts that canvassers will exhibit homophily in their canvassing preferences and will alternate between “door‐to‐door” and “attractor” (working in a central location) strategies based upon systematic geographical variation. They will adjust their strategies midstream (mid‐petition) based upon experience. Introducing methods to analyze canvassing data, we test these hypotheses on geocoded signatory lists from two petition drives—a 2005–6 anti–Iraq War initiative in Wisconsin and an 1839 antislavery campaign in New York City. Canvassers in these campaigns exhibited homophily to the point of following geographically and politically “inefficient” paths. In the aggregate, these patterns may exacerbate political inequality, limiting political involvement of the poorer and less educated.
Electrocardiographic appearance of aortic stenosis before and after aortic valve replacement
Authors: Vranic Ivana I. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundSo far, the specific appearance of QRS complex, ST‐segment, and T wave was observed in aortic stenosis (AS). S‐wave dynamic change in leads V1–V3 was not reported in AS.MethodsIn a single‐center, prospective study, we included a total number of 1.175 patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement (AVR). We conducted 3‐year gathering of patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic severe AS, and separated them by hemodynamic stability into groups A and B, through EFLV (of more or less than 50%), AVA (of more or less than 0.9 cm2), PG (between 55 and 75 mm Hg or over 75 mm Hg), and end‐diastolic LV dimension (of more or less than 56 mm). We evaluated the impact of S‐wave magnitude in right precordial leads before and after AVR in all patients. We followed S‐wave changes in electrocardiogram altogether with hemodynamic measurements derived from echocardiography.ResultsAnalysis of echocardiographic parameters, measured in patients before surgery, did not show statistical significance between asymptomatic and symptomatic group. The statistical significance was observed in the change in S‐wave magnitude in the right precordial leads in both subsets of patients before AVR. We found statistically significant predictive value of S‐wave magnitude in leads V2–V3 for dependent variables PG and end‐diastolic LV dimension.ConclusionsS‐wave changes in right precordial leads can predict increase in PG and critical narrowing of AVA, suggestive of timely referral for AVR.
Violent Inaction: The Necropolitical Experience of Refugees in Europe
Authors: Davies Thom , Isakjee Arshad , Dhesi Surindar 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA significant outcome of the global crisis for refugees has been the abandonment of forced migrants to live in makeshift camps inside the EU. This paper details how state authorities have prevented refugees from surviving with formal provision, leading directly to thousands having to live in hazardous spaces such as the informal camp in Calais, the site of this study. We then explore the violent consequences of this abandonment. By bringing together thus far poorly integrated literatures on bio/necropolitics (Michel Foucault; Achille Mbembe) and structural violence (Johan Galtung), we retheorize the connections between deliberate political indifference towards refugees and the physiological violence they suffer. In framing the management of refugees as a series of violent inactions, we demonstrate how the biopolitics of migrant control has given way to necropolitical brutality. Advancing geographies of violence and migration, the paper argues that political inaction, as well as action, can be used as a means of control.
A “Supertanker” Against Bureaucracy in the Wake of a Housing Crisis: Neoliberalizing Planning in Netanyahu's Israel
Authors: Charney Igal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper critically questions the state's hostile takeover of planning regulation followed by experimentation initiated by the Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu who has been seeking to subordinate the planning apparatus to market calculus and to short‐term political ends. To substantiate this argument, I have examined a large corpus of documents (official government documents, planning records, and court appeals and rulings, and NGO reports) and analyzed the media coverage between 2011 and 2016. By introducing fast‐track planning that is firmly controlled by the central state and focusing on the fictitious delivery of housing units, the structure of the planning regulation has dramatically changed. Further, two already‐dominant government ministries (Finance and Defense) have been significantly empowered, becoming the supervisors of the reformed planning system. In a state captivated by neoliberal fixation and embroiled in a housing crisis, the restructuring of planning governance has been a means to an end.
TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY: THE INNOVATION PATHS OF SOCIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: PICCIOTTI Antonio 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe concepts of sustainable development and social economy are currently undergoing a process of convergence, determined by the extension of the concept of sustainability and the role of social enterprise. In a context in which the primary focus of management literature, especially of North American origin, concerns the concept and practices of social entrepreneurship, this paper explores the experiences of European social enterprises and in particular of Italian social cooperatives. Social cooperatives are experimenting with initiatives capable of responding to the emergence of new needs and changes in society in a sustainable way. Based on an analysis of the experience of various social cooperatives operating in the field of renewable energy sources, tourism, and the use of assets confiscated from the Mafia, this paper aims to highlight how social enterprise manages to create contexts of sustainable development, thereby building interorganizational and intersectoral collaborative networks aimed at the activation of new paths for local development. This represents evidence of the specific nature of the social enterprise, which is able to establish a number of coordination mechanisms. It creates new businesses with public and private, and profit and non‐profit partners, with the aim of achieving a stated goal, or enters into contractual arrangements, in order to establish business partnerships and build entire local manufacturing supply chains. In this way social enterprise promotes interaction between resources of a public, market and community nature.
Evaluation of circulating zonulin as a potential marker in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Hendy Olfat M. , Elsabaawy Maha M. , Aref Mona M. , Khalaf Fatma M. , Oda Abdel Moaty A. , El Shazly Helmy M. 
Published: April 2017

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a spectrum of liver disorders ranging from simple hepatic steatosis up to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) evolving to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Liver biopsy is still the gold standard modality for diagnosing and staging NAFLD. The linkage between intestinal microbiota and NAFLD, might suggest a potential role of serum zonulin in NAFLD diagnosis. To appraise the role of circulating zonulin in NAFLD pathogenesis, 56 subjects with proved NAFLD by ultrasonography and liver biopsy, as well as 20 healthy controls were tested. Liver function tests, serum glucose, fasting insulin, C peptide, lipid profile, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), IL‐6, and circulating zonulin were performed to all subjects. Aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT), triglycerides, HDL‐c, fasting insulin, C peptide, HOMA‐IR, IL‐6, and serum zonulin were higher in NAFLD group than in controls (p < 0.05), and in NASH patients than those with simple steatosis (p < 0.05). Zonulin was positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), ALT, triglycerides, fasting insulin, HOMA‐IR, liver histopathology, and serum IL‐6 (p < 0.05), with inverse correlation to HDL‐C (p < 0.05). At cut off 8.3 pc/mL, serum zonulin was found to be of diagnostic value of NASH occurrence with 100% sensitivity and specificity (AUR = 1.000, p‐value = <0.001). The increasing zonulin levels in NAFLD patients with steep rise in NASH group denotes a possible role in pathogenesis of NAFLD occurrence and progression. This could open a new avenue of implicating zonulin antagonists as targeted therapies in NAFLD prevention.
A five‐miRNA expression signature predicts survival in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Liu Gang , Wang Hui , Fu Jin‐dong , Liu Jing‐ying , Yan Ai‐guo , Guan Yan‐yan 
Published: April 2017

The aim of this study was to identify a microRNA (miRNA) expression signature for predicting HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) survival. A total of 322 HCC patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database were randomly divided into training and testing set. miRNAs, associated with survival time in the training set, were identified by using univariate Cox regression analysis. The risk score was formulated based on the expression levels of these miRNAs. Then the miRNA signature was validated in testing set through Kaplan–Meier analysis and log‐rank test. hsa‐miR‐301a, hsa‐miR‐132, hsa‐miR‐212, hsa‐miR‐489, and hsa‐miR‐1468 were identified to formulate risk score in training set and used to calculate the risk score of each patients in testing set. About 161 patients in testing set were segregated into high‐ and low‐risk group according to the median risk score. The survival time of high‐risk group was significantly shorter (p = 0.0248) than low‐risk group in testing test. The target genes of five miRNAs were significantly enriched in valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation pathway and PPAR signaling pathway. hsa‐miR‐1468 had an up‐regulated tendency in HCC tissues compared to adjacent tumor tissues. The expression of hsa‐miR‐301a, hsa‐miR‐132, hsa‐miR‐212, hsa‐miR‐489, and hsa‐miR‐1468, which might be potential biomarkers to evaluate HCC patients' prognosis.