bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Ultrasound Guidance for the Removal of Nonmetallic Foreign Body from the Foot
Authors: Holmes George B. , Bitterman Adam , Hsu Andrew R. , Sclamberg Joy S. , Gitelis Steven 
Published: July 2016

Ultrasound has become an increasingly valuable diagnostic tool throughout all areas of medicine. The role of diagnostic ultrasonography has an evolving role in orthopaedic surgery and particularly in the field of foot and ankle. Whether in the clinic or hospital setting, ultrasound has proven to be pivotal in the identification and localization of foreign bodies. The inherent limitations of plain films in identifying nonmetallic penetrating foreign bodies of the foot can be overcome or enhanced with the assistance of diagnostic ultrasound. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case report
The association between prolongation in QRS duration and presence of coronary collateral circulation in patients with acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Karahan Zülküf , Altıntaş Bernas , Uğurlu Murat , Kaya İlyas , Uçaman Berzal , Uluğ Ali Veysel , Altındağ Rojhat , Altaş Yakup , Adıyaman Mehmet Şahin , Öztürk Önder 
Published: July 2016

Background It is known that QRS duration is related to prognosis in acute myocardial infarction. The relation between QRS duration and coronary collateral circulation is uncertain. In the present study, we aimed to determine the relation between QRS duration and coronary collateral circulation in patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction. Methods The present study was composed of 109 consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction. All patients had total occlusion in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Electrocardiographic recordings on admission were obtained for the assessment of QRS duration. The Rentrop classification was used to define coronary collateral circulation on coronary angiography. Patients were divided into two groups as follows: Group 1 with poor coronary collateral circulation (Rentrop 0–1) and Group 2 with good coronary collateral circulation (Rentrop 2–3). Results Of all patients, 62 patients were included in group 1 and 47 patients in group 2, respectively. In the present study, patients in the group 1 had longer QRS duration than patients in the group 2 (p < 0.005). Additionally, we found that Rentrop grading had negative correlation with both QRS duration and white blood cell count (r: −0.28; p < 0.005 and r: −0.35; p < 0.001). Conclusion Our study showed that there was an inverse relationship between QRS duration on admission and presence of coronary collateral circulation in patients with acute myocardial infarction.
A checklist for health research priority setting: nine common themes of good practice
Authors: Viergever Roderik F , Olifson Sylvie , Ghaffar Abdul , Terry Robert F 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Health research priority setting processes assist researchers and policymakers in effectively targeting research that has the greatest potential public health benefit. Many different approaches to health research prioritization exist, but there is no agreement on what might constitute best practice. Moreover, because of the many different contexts for which priorities can be set, attempting to produce one best practice is in fact not appropriate, as the optimal approach varies per exercise. Therefore, following a literature review and an analysis of health research priority setting exercises that were organized or coordinated by the World Health Organization since 2005, we propose a checklist for health research priority setting that allows for informed choices on different approaches and outlines nine common themes of good practice. It is intended to provide generic assistance for planning health research prioritization processes. The checklist explains what needs to be clarified in order to establish the context for which priorities are set; it reviews available approaches to health research priority setting; it offers discussions on stakeholder participation and information gathering; it sets out options for use of criteria and different methods for deciding upon priorities; and it emphasizes the importance of well-planned implementation, evaluation and transparency.
Evaluation of off-target and on-target scoring algorithms and integration into the guide RNA selection tool CRISPOR
Authors: Haeussler Maximilian , Schönig Kai , Eckert Hélène , Eschstruth Alexis , Mianné Joffrey , Renaud Jean-Baptiste , Schneider-Maunoury Sylvie , Shkumatava Alena , Teboul Lydia , Kent Jim , Joly Jean-Stephane , Concordet Jean-Paul 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background
The success of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technique depends on the choice of the guide RNA sequence, which is facilitated by various websites. Despite the importance and popularity of these algorithms, it is unclear to which extent their predictions are in agreement with actual measurements.

Results
We conduct the first independent evaluation of CRISPR/Cas9 predictions. To this end, we collect data from eight SpCas9 off-target studies and compare them with the sites predicted by popular algorithms. We identify problems in one implementation but found that sequence-based off-target predictions are very reliable, identifying most off-targets with mutation rates superior to 0.1 %, while the number of false positives can be largely reduced with a cutoff on the off-target score. We also evaluate on-target efficiency prediction algorithms against available datasets. The correlation between the predictions and the guide activity varied considerably, especially for zebrafish. Together with novel data from our labs, we find that the optimal on-target efficiency prediction model strongly depends on whether the guide RNA is expressed from a U6 promoter or transcribed in vitro. We further demonstrate that the best predictions can significantly reduce the time spent on guide screening.

Conclusions
To make these guidelines easily accessible to anyone planning a CRISPR genome editing experiment, we built a new website (http://crispor.org) that predicts off-targets and helps select and clone efficient guide sequences for more than 120 genomes using different Cas9 proteins and the eight efficiency scoring systems evaluated here.
A survey of studies in systemic functional language description and typology
Authors: Mwinlaaru Isaac N. , Xuan Winfred Wenhui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSystemic functional theory embodies a multilingual perspective to language from its earliest formulation. However, it was not until the last two decades that descriptions of languages other than English, particularly in the light of language typology, garnered much interest among scholars working with systemic theory. The objective of the present study is to survey the growing literature in this field. The survey consists of two main parts. The first part discusses theoretical developments in relation to language description and typology. The second part presents a meta-analysis of empirical studies in the field. The meta-analysis examines the historical progress in systemic typology and description of non-Anglo languages, the coverage of descriptions in terms of areal and genetic language families, mode of publication and, finally, methodological procedures employed by the studies. Challenges arising from these analytical decisions are also examined. The motivation for the study is to provide a state of the art review of the field in order to guide new descriptions and draw implications for further research in functional language typology, in general, and systemic typology, in particular.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Crotophorbolone: Construction of the 5/7/6-Fused Ring System via an α-Alkoxy Bridgehead Radical Reaction
Authors: Urabe Daisuke , Asaba Taro , Inoue Masayuki 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This account describes the development of a synthetic route to crotophorbolone (1). Compound 1 is classified as a derivative of the tigliane diterpenoids, and possesses a highly oxygenated 5/7/6-fused ABC-ring system. First, the six-membered C-ring fragment with five contiguous stereocenters was stereoselectively constructed from (R)-carvone. Nucleophilic addition of the three-carbon unit to the C-ring and stereoselective attachment of the five-membered A-ring through a π-allyl Stille coupling reaction provided the substrate for the key radical cyclization. Next, treatment of the O,Se-acetal with V-40 and (TMS)3SiH in refluxing toluene generated the α-alkoxy bridgehead radical, which participated in the endo-cyclization of the seven-membered B-ring with formation of the sterically congested bond in C9-stereospecific and C10-stereoselective manners. The C11-methyl group controlled the C10-stereochemical outcome via a long-range steric interaction, which was supported by the calculated transition state of the abbreviated α-alkoxy bridgehead radical structure. Finally, the functional groups on the 5/7/6-membered ring system were manipulated by Rh-catalyzed C2-olefin isomerization, C13-decarboxylative oxidation and C4-hydroxylation, completing the first total synthesis of 1 in 33 steps from (R)-carvone.
Automated analysis of retinal imaging using machine learning techniques for computer vision
Authors: De Fauw Jeffrey , Keane Pearse , Tomasev Nenad , Visentin Daniel , van den Driessche George , Johnson Mike , Hughes Cian O , Chu Carlton , Ledsam Joseph , Back Trevor , Peto Tunde , Rees Geraint , Montgomery Hugh , Raine Rosalind , Ronneberger Olaf , Cornebise Julien 
Published: July 2016

There are almost two million people in the United Kingdom living with sight loss, including around 360,000 people who are registered as blind or partially sighted. Sight threatening diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy and age related macular degeneration have contributed to the 40% increase in outpatient attendances in the last decade but are amenable to early detection and monitoring. With early and appropriate intervention, blindness may be prevented in many cases. Ophthalmic imaging provides a way to diagnose and objectively assess the progression of a number of pathologies including neovascular (“wet”) age-related macular degeneration (wet AMD) and diabetic retinopathy. Two methods of imaging are commonly used: digital photographs of the fundus (the ‘back’ of the eye) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT, a modality that uses light waves in a similar way to how ultrasound uses sound waves). Changes in population demographics and expectations and the changing pattern of chronic diseases creates a rising demand for such imaging. Meanwhile, interrogation of such images is time consuming, costly, and prone to human error. The application of novel analysis methods may provide a solution to these challenges. This research will focus on applying novel machine learning algorithms to automatic analysis of both digital fundus photographs and OCT in Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust patients. Through analysis of the images used in ophthalmology, along with relevant clinical and demographic information, Google DeepMind Health will investigate the feasibility of automated grading of digital fundus photographs and OCT and provide novel quantitative measures for specific disease features and for monitoring the therapeutic success.
Hospital and patient influencing factors of treatment schemes given to type 2 diabetes mellitus inpatients in Inner Mongolia, China
Authors: Zhang Nan , McNeil Edward , Assanangkornchai Sawitri , Fan Yancun 
Published: July 2016

Background: In clinical practice, the physician’s treatment decision making is influenced by many factors besides the patient’s clinical conditions and is the fundamental cause of healthcare inequity and discrimination in healthcare settings. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease with high prevalence, long average length of stay and high hospitalization rate. Although the treatment of T2DM is well guideline driven, there is a large body of evidence showing the existence of treatment disparities. More empirical studies from the provider side are needed to determine if non-clinical factors influence physician’s treatment choices. Objective: To determine the hospital and patient influencing factors of treatment schemes given to T2DM inpatients in Inner Mongolia, China. Methods: A cross-sectional, hospital-based survey using a cluster sampling technique was conducted in three tertiary hospitals and three county hospitals in Inner Mongolia, China. Treatment schemes were categorized as lifestyle management, oral therapy or insulin therapy according to the national guideline. Socio-demographic characteristics and variables related to severity of disease at the individual level and hospital level were collected. Weighted multinomial logistic regression models were used to determine influencing factors of treatment schemes. Results: Regardless of patients’ clinical conditions and health insurance types, both hospital and patient level variables were associated with treatment schemes. Males were more likely to be given oral therapy (RRR=1.72, 95% CI=1.06-2.81) and insulin therapy (RRR=1.94, 95% CI=1.29-2.91) compared to females who were given lifestyle management more frequently. Compared to the western region, hospitals in the central regions of Inner Mongolia were less likely to prescribe T2DM patients oral therapy (RRR = 0.18, 95% CI=0.05-0.61) and insulin therapy (RRR = 0.20, 95% CI=0.06-0.67) than lifestyle management. Compared with non-reformed tertiary hospitals, reformed tertiary hospitals and county hospitals were less likely to give T2DM patients oral therapy (RRR = 0.07 and 0.1 respectively) and insulin therapy (RRR = 0.11 and 0.17 respectively). Conclusion: Gender was the only socio-demographic factors associated with treatment scheme for T2DM patients. Hospitals from different regions have different T2DM treatment patterns. Implementation of reform was shown to be associated with controlling medication use for T2DM inpatients. Further studies are needed to investigate the causes of unreasonable treatment disparities so that policies can be generated accordingly.
An open RNA-Seq data analysis pipeline tutorial with an example of reprocessing data from a recent Zika virus study
Authors: Wang Zichen , Ma'ayan Avi 
Published: July 2016

RNA-seq analysis is becoming a standard method for global gene expression profiling. However, open and standard pipelines to perform RNA-seq analysis by non-experts remain challenging due to the large size of the raw data files and the hardware requirements for running the alignment step. Here we introduce a reproducible open source RNA-seq pipeline delivered as an IPython notebook and a Docker image. The pipeline uses state-of-the-art tools and can run on various platforms with minimal configuration overhead. The pipeline enables the extraction of knowledge from typical RNA-seq studies by generating interactive principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering (HC) plots, performing enrichment analyses against over 90 gene set libraries, and obtaining lists of small molecules that are predicted to either mimic or reverse the observed changes in mRNA expression. We apply the pipeline to a recently published RNA-seq dataset collected from human neuronal progenitors infected with the Zika virus (ZIKV). In addition to confirming the presence of cell cycle genes among the genes that are downregulated by ZIKV, our analysis uncovers significant overlap with upregulated genes that when knocked out in mice induce defects in brain morphology. This result potentially points to the molecular processes associated with the microcephaly phenotype observed in newborns from pregnant mothers infected with the virus. In addition, our analysis predicts small molecules that can either mimic or reverse the expression changes induced by ZIKV. The IPython notebook and Docker image are freely available at: http://nbviewer.jupyter.org/github/maayanlab/Zika-RNAseq-Pipeline/blob/master/Zika.ipynb and https://hub.docker.com/r/maayanlab/zika/.
2016 ISCB Overton Prize awarded to Debora Marks
Authors: Fogg Christiana N. , Kovats Diane E. 
Published: July 2016

The International Society for Computational Biology (ISCB) recognizes the achievements of an early- to mid-career scientist with the Overton Prize each year. The Overton Prize was established to honor the untimely loss of Dr. G. Christian Overton, a respected computational biologist and founding ISCB Board member. Winners of the Overton Prize are independent investigators in the early to middle phases of their careers who are selected because of their significant contributions to computational biology through research, teaching, and service. 2016 will mark the fifteenth bestowment of the ISCB Overton Prize. ISCB is pleased to confer this award the to Debora Marks, Assistant Professor of Systems Biology and director of the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Laboratory for Computational Biology at Harvard Medical School.
Attribution Strategies and Return on Keyword Investment in Paid Search Advertising
Authors: Li Hongshuang (Alice) , Kannan P. K. , Viswanathan Siva , Pani Abhishek 
Published: July 2016

Firms use different attribution strategies such as last-click or first-click attribution to assign conversion credits to search keywords that appear in their consumers’ paths to purchase. These attributed credits impact a firm’s future bidding and budget allocations among keywords and, in turn, determine the overall return-on-investment of search campaigns. In this paper, we model the relationship among the advertiser’s bidding decision for keywords, the search engine’s ranking decision for these keywords, and the consumer’s click-through rate and conversion rate on each keyword, and analyze the impact of the attribution strategy on the overall return-on-investment of paid search advertising. We estimate our simultaneous equations model using a six-month panel data of several hundred keywords from an online jewelry retailer. The data comprises a quasi-experiment as the firm changed attribution strategy from last-click to first-click attribution halfway through the data window. Our results show that returns for keyword investments vary significantly under the different attribution strategies. For the focal firm, first-click attribution leads to lower revenue returns and a more pronounced decrease for more specific keywords. Our policy simulation exercise shows how the firm can increase its overall returns by better attributing the real contribution of keywords. We discuss how an appropriate attribution strategy can help firms to better target customers and lower acquisition costs in the context of paid search advertising. Data, as supplemental material, are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2016.0987 .
The Strategic Role of Business Insurance
Authors: Serpa Juan Camilo , Krishnan Harish 
Published: July 2016

The use of business insurance has been traditionally studied in a single-firm setting, but in reality preventing operational accidents involves the (unobservable) efforts of multiple firms. We show that, in a multifirm setting, insurance can be used strategically as a commitment mechanism to prevent excessive free riding by other firms. In the presence of wealth imbalances, contracts alone leave wealth-constrained firms with inefficiently low incentives to exert effort (because of limited liability) and firms with sufficient wealth with excessive incentives. Insurance allows the latter to credibly commit to lower effort, thereby mitigating the incentives of the wealth-constrained firms to free ride. This finding shows that insurance can improve the efficiency of risk management efforts by decreasing free-riding problems. This paper was accepted by Yossi Aviv, operations management.
O estresse do professor acentuado pela precariedade das condições acústicas das salas de aula
Authors: Oiticica Maria Lúcia Gondim da Rosa , Gomes Maria De Lourdes Barreto 
Published: July 2016

Estudos recentes orientam para os cuidados que se deve ter com o estresse a curtos e longos prazos. O estresse em longo prazo pode provocar reações crônicas no indivíduo. O desgaste, o esgotamento, a ruptura total dos limites, referem-se a reações do estresse crônico queexigem a necessidade urgente da intervenção terapêutica de profissional de saúde. Em pesquisa nos USA, o professor está entre os profissionais que apresentam alto índice das reações do estresse crônico. O presente trabalho avaliou dois estabelecimentos de ensino distintos: público e privado, na cidade de Maceió; com o objetivo de registrar o nível de pressão sonora - db(A), ao qual os professores são obrigados a conviver no desenrolar de suas atividades de ensino. Verificou-se assim que, seja qual for o contexto em que os estabelecimentos de ensino estejam inseridos: públicos ou privados, o professor participa das precárias condições acústicas das salas de aula, agravadas pela intensa convivência com o ruído externo, o qual é considerado um grande causador de desconforto e estresse para os professores.
Inovação na produção de polpa a partir de fibras curtas de eucalipto
Authors: Brochado Marina Rodriguez , Mofati Luciana Marelli , Choeypant Cláudia Augusta , Pereira Marcelo Cardoso , Nolte Christian 
Published: July 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo estudar as inovações introduzidas no setor de produção de polpa de celulose a partir de fibras curtas, contextualizando o setor no Brasil e no mundo. A metodologia utilizada abrange uma revisão bibliográfica e estudo de caso, mostrando que a conjunção de políticas governamentais, investimentos e postura empresarial adequada tornaram possível potencializar a demanda internacional em um setor dominado por fibras longas.
Prädiktive Prozessüberwachung auf Basis verteilt erfasster Sensordaten
Authors: Wiegand Mario , Stolpe Marco , Deuse Jochen , Morik Katharina 
Published: July 2016

Zusammenfassung
In diesem Beitrag wird ein Konzept zur prädiktiven Prozessüberwachung in Fließlinien vorgestellt, das durch die Auswertung
verteilt erfasster Sensordaten mithilfe maschineller Lernverfahren die Prognose der finalen Produktqualität im laufenden
Produktionsprozess erlaubt. Hierzu wird eine systematische Vorgehensweise zur Datenvorverarbeitung und -analyse
vorgeschlagen, die eine echtzeitfähige Verarbeitung der verteilt erfassten Daten ermöglicht.
Big Data in manufacturing systems engineering – close up on a machine tool
Authors: Bauer Christian , Siddiqui Zaigham-Faraz , Beuttler Manuel , Bauer Klaus 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
With the increasing connectivity of devices, the amount of data that is recorded and ready for analysis is growing
correspondingly. This is also the case for shop floors in flexible sheet metal handling and production. With the growing
need for flexibility in production, the availability of machine tools is imminent. This paper shows different approaches
that a classical manufacturing systems company such as TRUMPF takes in applying data mining techniques to address the new
challenges which come with the Internet of things. In addition to classical methods, a new approach is introduced that
does not need any alteration of the machine or its interfaces.
Bandwidth Enhancement of Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Thin Dielectric Layer Fed by Resonating Slot
Authors: Mishra Nipun K. , Das Soma , Vishwakarma Dinesh K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) has been designed for X-band frequency range applications with slot feeding. Bandwidth of designed cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna has been enhanced by making the slot to be resonating and inserting very thin low permittivity dielectric layer between the slot and CDRA. Resonating slot excites the closely spaced HEM