bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Evaluation of varying Photo-polymerization Time on Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Four Orthodontic Adhesives: An in vitro Study
Authors: Zanke Prerana N , Patni Vivek , Maskarenj Marshal 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionHigh early bond strength, extended working time for optimal bracket placement, and easy cleanup of excess adhesive are few advantages of visible light-cure orthodontic adhesives. However, the shorter duration of polymerization may lead to polymer shrinkage and eventually microleakage.ObjectiveTo observe and evaluate shear bond strength (SBS) and microleakage of orthodontic brackets bonded to enamel with four commercially available orthodontic adhesives, cured only from incisal direction at various polymerization times.Materials and methodsA total of 160 bovine incisors were randomly assigned to four groups according to adhesive used. Group I: bonded with Transbond XT (3M Unitek™, USA); group II: Enlight (Ormco, USA); group III: Light Bond (Reliance Ortho, USA); and group IV: Discover (Prime Dental, USA). Each group was further divided into four subgroups of A, B, C, and D according to the polymerization duration of 5, 10, 15, and 20 seconds respectively. The bonded teeth were immersed in dye solution. Brackets were then subjected to SBS test on a Universal testing machine. Surface microleakage was observed with the help of optical stereomicroscope.ResultsThe SBS was obtained within the range of clinically accepted values, with curing time for Enlight at 5 seconds, Transbond XT and Discover at 15 seconds, and Light Bond at 20 seconds. However, Enlight was demonstrated to provide optimum SBS at least curing time: Minimum duration of 5 seconds achieved adequate SBS ~11 MPa SBS for each of Transbond XT and Enlight. The surface microleakage observed is statistically insignificant among the groups.ConclusionFrom a clinical perspective, a composite resin that needs minimum curing time without compromising on the bond strength is most advantageous. The results for SBS tests showed a better performance for Enlight as compared with the other adhesives: it reached its bond strength of optimum value at curing time of 5 seconds.How to cite this articleZanke PN, Patni V, Maskarenj M. Comparative Evaluation of varying Photo-polymerization Time on Shear Bond Strength and Microleakage of Four Orthodontic Adhesives: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(3):156-160.
Four Fourth Molars
Authors: Prasad Rajendra , S Pradeep , Choontharu Muralee M , Pandya Kalpa M 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTA supernumerary tooth is an additional entity to the normal series and can be seen in any of the quadrants of the jaw. Very often, they are associated with syndromes, such as Gardner syndrome and cleidocranial dysplasia. In the absence of any syndromes, occurrence of multiple supernumerary teeth is rare. Supernumerary molars can be in the form of paramolars or distomolars of which distomolars are relatively rare with a reported incidence of 2%. We present a rare nonsyndromic case of four fourth molars in addition to an impacted maxillary canine. The treatment of supernumerary teeth depends on the current and possible effects on the adjacent teeth, the position of the tooth itself, and the likelihood of the development of pathologic conditions. Very often distomolars are treated as one treats the third molars. We also suggest a possible association between macrodontia and hyperdontia.How to cite this articleChoontharu MM, Prasad R, Pandya KM, Pradeep S. Four Fourth Molars. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(3):166-168.
Nonextraction Treatment of Class I Malocclusion having Anterior Crowding and Multiple Canine Impactions
Authors: Patni Vivek , Sirsat Chetna D , Daga Prateek , Joshi Divij 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTCanine impaction is a condition wherein the tooth is embedded in the alveolus and is locked in by bone, teeth, or other structures, leading to difficulty in eruption. In this study, we present a case report of a 15-year-old female patient with a straight profile, class I skeletal and dental relationship, over retained deciduous teeth, severe anterior crowding in both the arches, and impacted canine in maxillary arch on both the sides and in mandibular arch on the right side. Extraction of deciduous teeth was done prior to fixed appliance therapy. After leveling and alignment using fixed appliance, surgical exposure of impacted canines was done using open flap surgical technique. Canines were brought into occlusion using conventional orthodontic technique. In mandibular arch, space for lingually placed lateral incisor was created using nickel—titanium (NiTi) open coil spring. Results achieved after decrowding and getting impacted canines into normal occlusion are presented.How to cite this articleSirsat CD, Patni V, Daga P, Joshi D. Nonextraction Treatment of Class I Malocclusion having Anterior Crowding and Multiple Canine Impactions. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(3):169-173.
Postsurgical Epidermal Inclusion Cyst in the Cheek Region
Authors: Swain Niharika , Bhandarwar Amit U , Patel Shilpa , Pathak Jigna , Gandevivala Adil 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTEpidermal inclusion cyst (EIC) is one of the common conditions usually associated with trauma. This cyst commonly presents on the scalp, face, neck, trunk, and extremities. Epidermal inclusion cyst is believed to originate through implantation of epidermal element by either surgical or accidental trauma into deeper mesenchymal tissue and its subsequent cystic transformation. The EICs are indolent in nature, slow to progress, and remain asymptomatic unless secondarily infected. The authors report a case of EIC that occurred in a 35-year-old female after surgery of squamous cell carcinoma.How to cite this articleBhandarwar AU, Patel S, Pathak J, Swain N, Gandevivala A. Postsurgical Epidermal Inclusion Cyst in the Cheek Region. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(3):178-180.
Fibrolipoma of Lip in a Young Individual: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Swain Niharika , Patel Shilpa , Pathak Jigna , Punjabi Vishal H 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTLipomas are tumors of mature adipose tissue. They are commonly seen in the upper extremities, neck, shoulders, and trunk region. However, oral lipomas are relatively rare. They particularly occur in the areas of fat accumulation, especially the cheek, followed by the tongue, floor of the mouth, buccal sulcus and vestibule, lip, palate, and gingiva. Lipomas can be histopathologically classified into classic lipoma and its variant forms, such as fibrolipomas, spindle cell lipomas, intramuscular lipomas, angiolipomas, salivary gland lipomas, pleomorphic lipomas, myxoid lipomas, and atypical lipomas. There have only been a few cases reported on fibrolipoma involving the lower lip in young individuals. Herein, we present a case report on oral fibrolipoma of the lower lip in a 20-year-old female.How to cite this articlePunjabi VH, Patel S, Pathak J, Swain N. Fibrolipoma of Lip in a Young Individual: A Rare Presentation. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(3):181-184.
Diffuse Lipomatosis of Face
Authors: Swain Niharika , Patel Shilpa , Pathak Jigna , Gandevivala Adil , Mhatre Vibhuti S 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTCongenital infiltrating lipomatosis is a distinct clinicopathological entity. It is a type of lipomatosis that is usually found at birth or early after birth. It is designated by a collection of nonencapsulated, mature adipocytes that infiltrate local tissues, leading to craniofacial deformities. Due to its diffuse infiltration and involvement of important facial structures, a complete surgical excision is often impossible. We report a case of a 5-year-old female patient presenting with a painless swelling on the left side of her face.How to cite this articleMhatre VS, Pathak J, Patel S, Swain N, Gandevivala A. Diffuse Lipomatosis of Face. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(3):185-187.
Cleft Rhinoplasty: A Surgical Technique
Authors: Deshpande Gaurav , Mehrotra Vani , Natarajan Srivalli , Merchant Raj 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTNasal deformity, a common occurrence in unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and cleft palate patients, is a formidable challenge for the cleft surgeon. The underlying abnormal anatomy, aggravated by tissue scarring and loss of facial planes after primary procedures, makes secondary rhinoplasty a difficult procedure for even the most experienced. Over the past years, numerous techniques for secondary cleft rhinoplasty have been described in literature. Regardless of the technique adopted, the fundamental goal of cleft rhinoplasty is to achieve a nose that would be esthetically accepted in society as well as functionally accepted by the patient. The correction of nasal deformity can be performed with a closed or an open technique. This article highlights the open technique used for secondary rhinoplasty for a challenging case of unilateral cleft lip nasal deformity in an adult patient.How to cite this articleMehrotra V, Natarajan S, Deshpande G, Merchant R. Cleft Rhinoplasty: A Surgical Technique. J Contemp Dent 2017;7(3):188-193.
A Cross-sectional Observational Analysis of Preoperative Blood Glucose Levels in Nondiabetic Patients presenting for Surgery
Authors: Nerurkar Aparna A , Pattajoshi Swagat , Tendolkar Bharati A 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Abnormal blood glucose levels alter the course and result of surgery. This study aims to quantify the incidence of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia in the preoperative period and to assess the impact of duration of nil per os (NPO), age, intravenous fluids (IVFs), blood transfusion, severity of pain and anxiety, and steroid or antibiotic administration on preoperative blood glucose levels in nondiabetic patients.

Materials and methods
The NPO duration, age, IVF, blood transfusion, pain and anxiety score, steroid and antibiotic administration were noted in 1,000 nondiabetic patients presenting for both elective and emergency surgery. Blood glucose level was measured before induction of anesthesia by capillary finger-prick method. The values of blood glucose levels were analyzed for correlation with above-mentioned parameters.

Results
Overall incidence of hypoglycemia was found to be 23.3%. About 27.2% of patients including 34.95% children posted for elective surgery and 33.37% of patients including 8.73% children posted for emergency surgery group were hypoglycemic. The incidence of hyperglycemia was 1.51 and 1.08% for adults in elective and emergency category respectively. Age showed widely varied association to preoperative blood glucose levels; blood glucose levels increased with age in male patients, with patients aged between 18 and 40 years admitted for emergency surgery (p = 0.006), but decreased with age in patients older than 60 years irrespective of gender and type of surgery (p = 0.014). The preoperative blood glucose levels increased with higher preoperative pain and anxiety (p = 0.05) and administration of steroids (p = 0.00043). Similarly, with increase in duration of NPO, preoperative blood glucose levels decreased in adult females (p = 0.000) and males over 40 years (p = 0.049), both admitted for emergency surgery. Only preoperative normal saline (NS; p = 0.001), 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES; p = 0.043), Isolyte P (p = 0.000), and blood transfusion (p = 0.05) showed significant correlation.

Conclusion
Preoperative blood glucose monitoring is recommended mandatorily for all patients posted for emergency surgery. It is also recommended for elective pediatric and geriatric surgery patients, patients with high anxiety and/or pain, increased NPO duration, and preoperative administration of steroid, NS, 6% HES, or blood.

How to cite this article
Pattajoshi S, Nerurkar AA, Tendolkar BA. A Cross-sectional Observational Analysis of Preoperative Blood Glucose Levels in Nondiabetic Patients presenting for Surgery. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):29-33.
A Prospective, Randomized Study comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Adhesive Strip (Steri-Strips™) Fixation vs Subcutaneous Tunneling for securing Epidural Catheters in Pediatric Patients
Authors: Garasia Madhu , Kulkarni Ketan S , Dave Nandini M , Kulkarni Shriyam S , Shinde Shivani , Chincholi Indrani 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Effective epidural catheter fixation is a key aspect of postoperative pain management in pediatric patients. We conducted a prospective, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of adhesive strip (Steri-Strips™) vs subcutaneous tunneling for successful epidural catheter fixation.

Materials and methods
American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades I and II patients between the age group of 1 day and 12 years were included in the study. The parameters studied were inward and outward migration, and dislodgment of catheter. Erythema, induration, catheter snapping, catheter obstruction, total duration of epidural infusion, and catheter tip culture were also recorded. Feedback from the operator for ease of fixation technique was noted and reviewed.

Results
This study was performed in 64 patients posted for various abdominal, thoracic, and genital surgeries, requiring postoperative epidural analgesia. The epidural catheter was successfully placed in the first attempt in 61 patients. Outward migration was seen in six patients with Steri-Strips-taped catheters and in one patient with a tunneled catheter. Accidental removal was done in five patients with tunneled catheters and one patient with strip-taped catheter. Rescue analgesics were required in these patients. No inward migration of catheter was seen in both the groups. Bleeding from tunneling site was seen in five patients.

Conclusion
In comparison with a tunneling technique for epidural catheter fixation, a simple method of applying Steri-Strips™ to epidural catheters significantly reduces the incidence of accidental removal.

How to cite this article
Kulkarni KS, Dave NM, Kulkarni SS, Nataraj G, Shinde S, Chincholi I, Garasia M. A Prospective, Randomized Study comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Adhesive Strip (Steri-Strips™) Fixation vs Subcutaneous Tunneling for securing Epidural Catheters in Pediatric Patients. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):40-44.
Monitoring of Depth of Anesthesia using Entropy Monitor during Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Dalvi Naina P , Sachan Pragya 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To monitor the depth of anesthesia using entropy monitor during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) using (1) numerical indices provided by entropy monitor [response entropy (RE) and state entropy (SE), burst suppression ratio (BSR)] and (2) modified version of Brice questionnaire used after 48 hours of surgery.

Materials and methods
Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: Cardiovascular thoracic surgery (CVTS) operation theater (OT) of our hospital. Participants: 100 patients undergoing CPB surgery and willing to participate in the study. Intervention: Brain and facial muscular activity recorded using disposable sensor with three electrodes attached to patient's forehead and a sensor cable that connects the sensor to entropy module. Entropy indices were calculated and displayed in real time. All patients were then interviewed 48 hours after surgery about any recall of intraoperative awareness using the modified Brice questionnaire.

Measurements and results
Basic statistics was assessed by using MS Excel Office 2007 data analysis Tool Pack. The association between two variables was determined by Pearson chi-square test. After skin incision, mean RT and ST were found to decrease significantly till peak hypothermia. After start of rewarming, mean RT and ST were found to increase significantly till skin closure.

Conclusion
In our study, we did not find any awareness in all 100 studied subjects, leading to the conclusion that anesthesia technique used for CPB is optimal.

Clinical significance
It can be concluded that entropy monitor might aid CPB surgery in many ways. It monitors the depth of anesthesia and probably prevents intraoperative awareness, helps in reducing anesthetic dosage, and hence, reduction in cost of anesthesia.

How to cite this article
Sachan P, Dalvi NP. Monitoring of Depth of Anesthesia using Entropy Monitor during Cardiopulmonary Bypass. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):45-50.
Comparison of Ropivacaine with Fentanyl vs Bupivacaine with Fentanyl for Postoperative Epidural Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blinded Controlled Study
Authors: Potdar Meenoti P , Tomar Ajay , Kamat Laxmi 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The primary aim of the study was to compare epidural ropivacaine with fentanyl and epidural bupivacaine with fentanyl for postoperative epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The secondary objective was to assess the outcomes of passive and active mobilizations postoperatively, requirement of rescue analgesia, and adverse effects, such as nausea vomiting, sedation, numbness, motor weakness, hypotension, and respiratory depression.

Materials and methods
After obtaining hospital ethics committee approval and written informed consent, 100 patients were randomly allocated to two groups of 50 each. Group B received 0.125% bupivacaine with fentanyl (2 μg/mL) epidurally for postoperative pain relief. Group R received 0.2% ropivacaine with fentanyl (2 μg/mL) epidurally for postoperative pain relief. Patients of American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades I to II of both sexes undergoing elective TKA and giving written consent were included in the study. Patients with coagulation disorders, history of spine surgery, vertebral deformities, and having contraindications for spinal analgesia were excluded from the study. All patients were preoperatively assessed and clinically evaluated thoroughly. They received conventional combined spinal epidural anesthesia followed by epidural infusion in the postoperative period of ropivacaine fentanyl or bupivacaine fentanyl as per the allocation. The postoperative epidural analgesia was supplemented with intravenous (IV) paracetamol 1 gm TDS, and rescue analgesia, if needed, was given with IV tramadol 50 mg. All patients were monitored for postoperative pain by the visual analog scale (VAS), requirement of rescue analgesia, hemodynamic parameters, sedation scores, and adverse effects.

How to cite this article
Potdar MP, Tomar A, Kamat L. Comparison of Ropivacaine with Fentanyl vs Bupivacaine with Fentanyl for Postoperative Epidural Analgesia in Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Randomized, Single-blinded Controlled Study. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):51-57.
Pain Perception following Administration of Propofol with 7.5 mg Ephedrine, 15 mg Ephedrine, or Lignocaine— A Comparative Study
Authors: Madan Harprit Kaur , Chincholi Indrani H , Patira Sonali D 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Propofol is the drug of choice for induction of anesthesia because of its rapid onset, easy titration, and short duration of action. However, pain on propofol injection is an unpleasant experience felt by many of our patients. Many factors have been investigated to decrease the pain on propofol injection but it is still a mystery.

Aim
To compare the effect of two doses of ephedrine (7.5 and 15 mg) and lignocaine on pain during injection of propofol and to compare their hemodynamic parameters and note for any complications.

Materials and methods
This study was a prospective, randomized, double-blinded, single-center study on 150 adult patients of both the sexes belonging to American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grades I and II for elective surgery under general anesthesia. The aim was to compare the analgesic effect of lignocaine, ephedrine 7.5 and 15 mg in ameliorating propofol injection pain. About 50 patients were allocated to each of the three groups receiving lignocaine 2% (1.5 mL), ephedrine 7.5 mg, and ephedrine 15 mg intravenously admixed with propofol. The intensity of pain at the time of propofol injection was assessed using verbal rating scale (VRS) 4-point scale before the patient lost consciousness.

Statistical analysis
Statistical analysis was done by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 software. The qualitative data were summarized as frequency and percentages. The Fischer exact test was used to analyze the data. The continuous data were summarized as mean and standard deviation. The group and intergroup analyses were done using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results
Median (interquartile range) of the pain score was 1 (2) in group E-7.5 mg, 0 (1) in group E-15 mg, and 0(1) in group L. Results were statistically significant.

Conclusion
Adding 15 mg ephedrine was as effective as adding lignocaine for the prevention of propofol injection pain and ephedrine had a better and stable hemodynamic profile.

How to cite this article
Chincholi IH, Madan HK, Patira SD. Pain Perception following Administration of Propofol with 7.5 mg Ephedrine, 15 mg Ephedrine, or Lignocaine—A Comparative Study. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):58-63.
Intravenous Dexamethasone and Its Effect on Blood Glucose in Adult Nondiabetic Patients undergoing General Anesthesia for Superficial Surgery
Authors: Gala Apeksha A , Bhirud Pritee H , Chellam Shrividya 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Dexamethasone is commonly used for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). It also has significant postoperative analgesic benefits. In spite of these advantages, it is seen that intravenous (IV) dexamethasone may affect the blood glucose profile of the patient and healing of wounds. We have studied the effects of IV dexamethasone administered at induction on blood glucose concentrations in adult, nondiabetic patients under general anesthesia (GA) for superficial surgeries, e.g., ear surgeries, breast surgeries, and hernia surgeries.

How to cite this article
Gala AA, Bhirud PH, Chellam S. Intravenous Dexamethasone and Its Effect on Blood Glucose in Adult Nondiabetic Patients undergoing General Anesthesia for Superficial Surgery. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):64-67.
Knotted Ryle's Tube: A Rare Complication
Authors: Jha Tanya R , Potdar Meenoti P 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Ryle's tube (RT) insertion is a commonly performed procedure in emergency departments, intensive care units, and operation theaters. The complications associated with RT include ulceration, bleeding, misplacement of the tube in airway, and clogging of the tube. Intragastric knotting is a rare complication of RT insertion. The removal of such knotted RT should be done cautiously so as to avoid trauma, preferably under direct laryngoscopic vision.

How to cite this article
Jha TR, Potdar MP. Knotted Ryle's Tube: A Rare Complication. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):71-72.
Anesthetic Management of Emergency Cesarean Section in a Patient with Congenital Venous Malformation
Authors: Shah Monal , Narkhede Harsha , Oak Shrikanta P , Singhal Isha , Apte Neha 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTBlue rubber bleb nevus syndrome (BRBNS) is characterized by typical bluish, soft, and compressible lesions with rubber-like consistency present since birth. In this syndrome, venous malformation (VM) is always present since birth and is commonly found in the cheek, tongue, lip and jaw, and sometimes may be present in deep tissue, bone, or muscle. A vascular malformation is known to grow in size throughout the life of an individual with sudden enlargement in size during puberty and pregnancy due to hormonal changes. We report the successful management of a case of congenital VM of the lip and mandible posted for emergency cesarean section under spinal anesthesia.How to cite this articleNarkhede H, Oak SP, Singhal I, Apte N, Shah M. Anesthetic Management of Emergency Cesarean Section in a Patient with Congenital Venous Malformation. Res Inno in Anesth 2017;2(2):73-75.