bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zinc‐Reduced Mesoporous TiOx Li‐Ion Battery Anodes with Exceptional Rate Capability and Cycling Stability
Authors: Song Woo‐Jin , Yoo Seungmin , Lee Jung‐In , Han Jung‐Gu , Son Yeonguk , Kim Sun‐I , Shin Myoungsoo , Choi Sinho , Jang Ji‐Hyun , Cho Jaephil , Choi Nam‐Soon , Park Soojin 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate a unique synthetic route for oxygen‐deficient mesoporous TiOx by a redox–transmetalation process by using Zn metal as the reducing agent. The as‐obtained materials have significantly enhanced electronic conductivity; 20 times higher than that of as‐synthesized TiO2 material. Moreover, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT) measurements are performed to validate the low charge carrier resistance of the oxygen‐deficient TiOx. The resulting oxygen‐deficient TiOx battery anode exhibits a high reversible capacity (∼180 mA h g−1 at a discharge/charge rate of 1 C/1 C after 400 cycles) and an excellent rate capability (∼90 mA h g−1 even at a rate of 10 C). Also, the full cell, which is coupled with a LiCoO2 cathode material, exhibits an outstanding rate capability (>75 mA h g−1 at a rate of 3.0 C) and maintains a reversible capacity of over 100 mA h g−1 at a discharge/charge of 1 C/1 C for 300 cycles.
Selective Formation of Alkoxychlorosilanes and Organotrialkoxysilane with Four Different Substituents by Intermolecular Exchange Reaction
Authors: Komata Yuma , Yoshikawa Masashi , Tamura Yasuhiro , Wada Hiroaki , Shimojima Atsushi , Kuroda Kazuyuki 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlkoxychlorosilanes are scientifically and industrially important toward preparing silicone and silica as well as preparation of siloxane‐based nanomaterials by stepwise reactions of Si−OR (R=alkyl) and Si−Cl groups. Intermolecular exchange of alkoxy and chloro groups between alkoxysilanes and chlorosilanes (functional group exchange reaction) provides an efficient and environmentally benign route to alkoxychlorosilanes. BiCl3 as a Lewis acid catalyst can promote the functional group exchange reactions more efficiently than conventional acid catalysts. Higher reactivity has been observed for chlorosilanes with smaller numbers of Si−CH3 groups and for alkoxysilanes with larger numbers of Si−CH3 groups. The reaction mechanism is proposed and selective syntheses of alkoxychlorosilanes are demonstrated. These findings also enable us to synthesize an organotrialkoxysilane with four different substituents.
Choosing the right protein A affinity chromatography media can remove aggregates efficiently
Authors: Yada Tomokazu , Nonaka Koichi , Yabuta Masayuki , Yoshimoto Noriko , Yamamoto Shuichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractProtein A chromatography (PAC) is commonly used as an efficient capture step in monoclonal antibody (mAb) separation processes. Usually dynamic binding capacity is used for choosing the right PAC. However, if aggregates can be efficiently removed during elution, it can make the following polishing steps easier. In this study a method for choosing the right PAC media in terms of mAb aggregate removal is proposed. Linear pH gradient elution experiments of two different mAbs on various PAC columns are carried out, where the elution behavior of aggregates as well as the monomer is measured. Aggregates of one mAb are more strongly retained compared with the mAb monomer. Another mAb showed different elution behavior, where the aggregates are eluted as both the weakly and strongly retained peaks. In order to remove the two types of aggregates by stepwise elution two protocols are tested. The first protocol A consisted of the sample loading, the wash with the equilibration buffer and the low pH elution. The wash stage of the second protocol B included the wash with 1.0 M arginine. No detectable peaks are observed during the wash stage of protocol A whereas significant peaks are monitored during the arginine wash of protocol B. One of the PAC columns showed a smaller peak during the arginine wash. In addition, both aggregate removal and monomer yield are higher with protocol B compared with the other PAC columns. This method is found to be useful for choosing the right PAC column.
Influence of contextual information and past prices on the willingness to pay and expected quality evaluations
Authors: Valle Mauricio A. , Lavin Jaime F. , Magner Nicolas S. , Geldes Cristian E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study conducted two experiments to assess consumers' willingness to pay or the expected quality in response to different levels of contradictory contextual information (regarding price and quality) and the presence of anchors in the form of past price paid. First, the results show that the contextual information was decisive in the formation of reference prices that affect the willingness to pay. Second, the anchors did not influence the evaluation of the willingness to pay and the expected quality. And third, it was observed that the coherence of the contextual information (price–quality correlation) performs a moderating role in the relation between reference prices and expected quality. These results suggest that anchors are less important than contextual information in the evaluation process of the willingness to pay and the expected quality, and that therefore neither an adjustment nor a priming mechanism is activated. We found that the coherence of the contextual information influences how individuals evaluate a service. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The moderating role of attachment styles in emotional bonding with service providers
Authors: Moussa Salim , Touzani Mourad 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the authors combine insights from several attachment theories to develop a model that help understanding how customer‐service provider emotional attachment (EA) is formed and how customers' attachment styles moderate this formation process. The authors test their predictions with survey data from 416 customers in two service contexts (i.e., grocery retailing and hairstyling). Results indicate that positive emotions and service quality are the most powerful predictors of EA. They also show that attachment styles moderate the effect of positive emotions, service quality, image congruency, and trust. Moreover, results identify preoccupied (versus fearful) customers as those who are the most (versus the least) emotionally tied to their service providers. This research provides several implications for researchers and managers. Additionally, it offers attachment styles as a new segmentation criterion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Self‐Assembled Sensor for Carbohydrates on the Surface of Cyclodextrin Vesicles
Authors: Himmelein Sabine , Ravoo Bart Jan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA supramolecular carbohydrate sensor was prepared by self‐assembly of unilamellar bilayer vesicles of amphiphilic β‐cyclodextrin with a boronic acid–adamantane conjugate (PBA‐AD), which binds strongly to β‐cyclodextrin through host–guest interactions (Ka≈4×104 m−1), so the vesicle surface exhibits multiple boronic acid receptors for carbohydrates. The binding of diols to the functionalized vesicles was tested with alizarin red S (ARS) as a reporter dye by using fluorescence and UV/Vis spectroscopy. Analysis of the competitive binding of monosaccharides revealed pH‐dependent (pH 7.4–10.1) binding constants in the range of 100–3000 m−1 for d‐fructose and 5–400 m−1 for d‐glucose. Interestingly, the self‐assembled sensor showed fluorescence intensity enhanced by about fivefold and a binding affinity to the reporter dye increased by about eightfold in comparison to PBA‐AD and ARS without vesicles. This is attributed to increased local concentration of ARS and PBA‐AD on the surface of the vesicles. Detection of d‐fructose and d‐glucose was possible in the physiologically relevant range in dilute aqueous solution.
Facilitated transport of Europium through supported liquid membrane using Cyanex272 as carrier and mass transfer modelling
Authors: Zaheri Parisa , Ghassabzadeh Hamid , Abolghasemi Hossein , Maraghe Mohammad Ghannadi , Mohammadi Toraj 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this study, the extraction of europium from nitric acid solution by a flat sheet supported liquid membrane using Cyanex272 as a carrier was investigated. The influence of effective parameters on the extraction of Eu was studied and the optimum conditions were derived. Then a theoretical model was developed for unsteady‐state transport of Eu ions through the supported liquid membrane. In this model, the variation of carrier concentration in the membrane phase was taken into account. The partial and complete differential equations obtained for the feed, membrane, and stripping phases were numerically solved and the results were compared with the experimental data. The verified model was used to simulate the concentration distribution of the metal‐carrier complex and carrier as a function of position and time in the membrane phase. Using the results of numerical solution, the derived equations were also solved analytically.
Improved hybrid/GPU algorithm for solving cardiac electrophysiology problems on Purkinje networks
Authors: Lange M. , Palamara S. , Lassila T. , Vergara C. , Quarteroni A. , Frangi A. F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCardiac Purkinje fibers provide an important pathway to the coordinated contraction of the heart. We present a numerical algorithm for the solution of electrophysiology problems across the Purkinje network that is efficient enough to be used in in silico studies on realistic Purkinje networks with physiologically detailed models of ion exchange at the cell membrane. The algorithm is on the basis of operator splitting and is provided with 3 different implementations: pure CPU, hybrid CPU/GPU, and pure GPU. Compared to our previous work, we modify the explicit gap junction term at network bifurcations to improve its mathematical consistency. Due to this improved consistency of the model, we are able to perform an empirical convergence study against analytical solutions. The study verified that all 3 implementations produce equivalent convergence rates, and shows that the algorithm produces equivalent result across different hardware platforms. Finally, we compare the efficiency of all 3 implementations on Purkinje networks of increasing spatial resolution using membrane models of increasing complexity. Both hybrid and pure GPU implementations outperform the pure CPU implementation, but their relative performance difference depends on the size of the Purkinje network and the complexity of the membrane model used.
Molecular Dynamics Study of a Dual‐Cation Ionomer Electrolyte
Authors: Chen Xingyu , Chen Fangfang , Jónsson Erlendur , Forsyth Maria 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe poly(N1222)xLi1−x[AMPS] ionomer system (AMPS=2‐acrylamido‐2‐methylpropane sulfonic acid) with dual cations has previously shown decoupled Li ion dynamics from polymer segmental motions, characterized by the glass‐transition temperature, which can result in a conductive electrolyte material whilst retaining an appropriate modulus (i.e. stiffness) so that it can suppress dendrite formation, thereby improving safety when used in lithium‐metal batteries. To understand this ion dynamics behavior, molecular dynamics techniques have been used in this work to simulate structure and dynamics in these materials. These simulations confirm that the Li ion transport is decoupled from the polymer particularly at intermediate N1222+ concentrations. At 50 mol % N1222+ concentration, the polymer backbone is more rigid than for higher N1222+ concentrations, but with increasing temperature Li ion dynamics are more significant than polymer or quaternary ammonium cation motions. Herein we suggest an ion‐hopping mechanism for Li+, arising from structural rearrangement of ionic clusters that could explain its decoupled behavior. Higher temperatures favor an aggregated ionic structure as well as enhancing these hopping motions. The simulations discussed here provide an atomic‐level understanding of ion dynamics that could contribute to designing an improved ionomer with fast ion transport and mechanical robustness.
Carbon Nanotube Based Gas Sensors toward Breath Analysis
Authors: Ellis James E. , Star Alexander 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBreath analysis is a promising method for rapid, inexpensive, noninvasive disease diagnosis and health monitoring owing to the correlative relationship between breath biomarker concentrations and abnormal health conditions. However, current methods to identify and quantify breath components rely on large, bench‐top analytical instruments. Carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based gas sensors are desirable candidates to replace benchtop instruments because of their sensitive chemical‐to‐electrical transducer capability, high degree of chemical functionality options, and potential for miniaturization. This review seeks to give an overview of the synthetic methods used to functionalize CNT‐based gas sensors, specifically those sensors that target biologically relevant breath markers. Specific examples are provided to highlight the sensing mechanisms behind different classes of CNT hybrid composites. Finally, the current challenges and prospective solutions of applying CNT‐based sensors to breath analysis are discussed.
ATMAC: adaptive token‐based medium access control protocol for cognitive radio wireless mesh network
Authors: Battula Ramesh Babu , Gaur Manoj Singh , Gopalani Dinesh 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIn next generation wireless communication, cognitive radio technology facilitates to utilize underutilized licensed frequency bands that help to enhance the spectrum utilization. Cognitive radio wireless mesh network (CRWMN) is a promising and reliable technology to experience high throughput with low cost. Existing IEEE 802.11 based medium access control (MAC) protocols offer high data rates with decreasing efficiency at the MAC layer. Hence, most of the researchers applied aggregation mechanisms to provide the solution to bandwidth craving applications. In CRWMN, MAC design is significant because stability, efficient resource utilization, and scalability are predominating problems; however, the specified MAC issues are not yet resolved. The proposed MAC is novel, which aims to ensure reliability and scalability for CRWMN. The common control channel is used to exchange handshaking frames between the transmitter and receiver. It helps us to schedule the data transmission as well as reserve the channel in a discrete time interval. It introduces a token‐based channel accessing mechanism with resource‐aware channel assignment, which resolves the problems of efficiency and stability. The proposed MAC simulated using the network simulator (ns‐2), and the simulation results demonstrate that the proposed protocol improved the performance compared with the existing protocols.
Integrating field and satellite data for spatially explicit inference on the density of threatened arboreal primates
Authors: Cavada Nathalie , Ciolli Marco , Rocchini Duccio , Barelli Claudia , Marshall Andrew R. , Rovero Francesco 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSpatially explicit models of animal abundance are a critical tool to inform conservation planning and management. However, they require the availability of spatially diffuse environmental predictors of abundance, which may be challenging, especially in complex and heterogeneous habitats. This is particularly the case for tropical mammals, such as nonhuman primates, that depend on multi‐layered and species‐rich tree canopy coverage, which is usually measured through a limited sample of ground plots. We developed an approach that calibrates remote‐sensing imagery to ground measurements of tree density to derive basal area, in turn used as a predictor of primate density based on published models. We applied generalized linear models (GLM) to relate 9.8‐ha ground samples of tree basal area to various metrics extracted from Landsat 8 imagery. We tested the potential of this approach for spatial inference of animal density by comparing the density predictions for an endangered colobus monkey, to previous estimates from field transect counts, measured basal area, and other predictors of abundance. The best GLM had high accuracy and showed no significant difference between predicted and observed values of basal area. Our species distribution model yielded predicted primate densities that matched those based on field measurements. Results show the potential of using open‐access and global remote‐sensing data to derive an important predictor of animal abundance in tropical forests and in turn to make spatially explicit inference on animal density. This approach has important, inherent applications as it greatly magnifies the relevance of abundance modeling for informing conservation. This is especially true for threatened species living in heterogeneous habitats where spatial patterns of abundance, in relation to habitat and/or human disturbance factors, are often complex and, management decisions, such as improving forest protection, may need to be focused on priority areas.
Two‐Dimensional Piezoelectric MoS2‐Modulated Nanogenerator and Nanosensor Made of Poly(vinlydine Fluoride) Nanofiber Webs for Self‐Powered Electronics and Robotics
Authors: Maity Kuntal , Mahanty Biswajit , Sinha Tridib Kumar , Garain Samiran , Biswas Anirban , Ghosh Sujoy Kumar , Manna Smarajit , Ray Samit K. , Mandal Dipankar 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWith the widespread use of wearable electronics, portable and flexible energy harvesting devices with a high sensitivity have attracted considerable interest. Herein, an ultrasensitive piezoelectric nanogenerator (PNG) made of a few layers of 2 D‐MoS2‐incorporated electrospun poly(vinlydine fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber webs (NFW) is described for the first time. As a result of the semiconducting properties and piezoelectric functionalities of 2 D‐MoS2, the resultant piezoelectric performance of PNG can be modulated, which leads to a material suitable for wearable electronics to power devices and to fabricate self‐powered biomedical nanosensors for diagnosis, such as heartbeat monitoring, pressure mapping from footsteps, and speech signal abnormality. We have demonstrated that our PNG has a 70 times improvement in acoustic sensitivity than nanosensors made of neat PVDF NFW and are able to charge a capacitor quickly (e.g., 9 V is charged within 44 s). As a result of the ultrafast charging performance and external low‐impact detection capability of 2 D‐MoS2‐modulated PNG, this paves the way to design cost‐effective self‐powered wearable electronics and robotics.
Probabilistic permanent fault displacement hazard via Monte Carlo simulation and its consideration for the probabilistic risk assessment of buried continuous steel pipelines
Authors: Cheng Yin , Akkar Sinan 
Published: September 2016

SummaryPermanent fault displacements (PFDs) because of fault ruptures emerging at the surface are critical for seismic design and risk assessment of continuous pipelines. They impose significant compressive and tensile strains to the pipe cross‐section at pipe‐fault crossings. The complexity of fault rupture, inaccurate mapping of fault location and uncertainties in fault‐pipe crossing geometries require probabilistic approaches for assessing the PFD hazard and mitigating pipeline failure risk against PFD. However, the probabilistic approaches are currently waived in seismic design of pipelines. Bearing on these facts, this paper first assesses the probabilistic PFD hazard by using Monte Carlo‐based stochastic simulations whose theory and implementation are given in detail. The computed hazard is then used in the probabilistic risk assessment approach to calculate the failure probability of continuous pipelines under different PFD levels as well as pipe cross‐section properties. Our probabilistic pipeline risk computations consider uncertainties arising from complex fault rupture and geomorphology that result in inaccurate mapping of fault location and fault‐pipe crossings. The results presented in this paper suggest the re‐evaluation of design provisions in current pipeline design guidelines to reduce the seismic risk of these geographically distributed structural systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a conceptual approach for assessing risks from chemical mixtures and other stressors to coastal ecosystem services
Authors: Syberg Kristian , Backhaus Thomas , Banta Gary , Bruce Peter , Gustavsson Mikael , Munns Wayne R , Rämö Robert , Selck Henriette , Gunnarsson Jonas S 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Growth of human populations and increased human activity, particularly in coastal areas, increase pressure on coastal ecosystems and the ecosystem services (ES) they provide. As a means toward being able to assess the impact of multiple stressors on ES, in the present study we propose an 8-step conceptual approach for assessing effects of chemical mixtures and other stressors on ES in coastal areas: step A, identify the relevant problems and policy aims; step B, identify temporal and spatial boundaries; step C, identify relevant ES; step D, identify relevant stressors (e.g., chemicals); step E, translate impacts into ES units; step F, assess cumulative risk in ES units; step G, rank stressors based on their contribution to adverse effects on ES; and step H, implement regulation and management as appropriate and necessary. Two illustrative case studies (Swedish coastal waters and a coastal lagoon in Costa Rica) are provided; one focuses on chemicals that affect human food supply and the other addresses pesticide runoff and trade-offs among ES. The 2 cases are used to highlight challenges of such risk assessments, including use of standardized versus ES-relevant test species, data completeness, and trade-offs among ES. Lessons learned from the 2 case studies are discussed in relation to environmental risk assessment and management of chemical mixtures. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:376–386. © 2016 SETAC

Key Points
Coastal areas are under increased pressure from human activities. Chemical mixtures are among the most important stressors in coastal areas. Ecosystem services can be used as a unit to assess the impact of multiple stressors. We introduce a 7-step approach for linking chemical mixtures to ecosystem services in coastal areas.