bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Sprays to Control Insects on Snap Beans, 1993
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Snap beans were planted on 12 Aug at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Experiment Station, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft long row, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row, and replicated 4 times in a randomized, complete block design. Spacing was 3 ft between rows. Sprays were applied in 60 gal water/acre at 40 psi using a 3 hollow cone nozzle backpack sprayer on the following dates: 27 Aug; 1, 7, 21 and 29 Sep. Evaluation criteria consisted of counts of insect damaged pods in 50 randomly picked pods/plot on 8 Oct, and yields from the entire 25 ft row of each plot. The plots were mechanically harvested on 15 Oct. Although CEW and ECB pressure was high this year, the drought resulted in a second planting, as the first planting failed. Due to the delay in planting, pods started forming after the peak moth flights and during periods of cooler nights. These factors resulted in reduced insect pressure in this study.
Head Cabbage, Microbial Control of Cutworm, Webworm, Cluster Caterpillar and Gardenlooper, 1993
Authors: Muniappan R. , Silva-Krott I.U. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Guam, at the Inarajan site. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four treatments and four replications. Each treatment consisted of four rows of head cabbage with eight plants on each row. Replications were separated by 60 cm of bare soil. Cabbage seedlings were planted 2 Mar 1993
Foliar Sprays to Control Insects on Fall Tomatoes, 1994
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tomatoes were transplanted on 26 Jul at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of a single 25 ft row with 5 ft spacing, bordered on each side by an untreated guard row, and replicated four times in a randomized, complete block design. Treatments were applied on the dates indicated in the table using a 3 hollow cone nozzle boom backpack sprayer delivering 45 gal water/acre at 40 psi. A 6-ft section (30 sq ft) of each plot was flagged off for hand harvesting. Fruit at the “breaker” stage or riper was harvested on 29 Sept and 20 Oct. Numbers of marketable and worm-damaged fruit and calculated yields/acre for the combined two harvests are recorded in the table. Damage from all three worm species is similar and no attempt was made to separate the damage according to species. Worm pressure was moderate to heavy with peak moth flights occurring in mid-Aug through mid-Sept, as determined by the black light trap at Painter, VA. Dimethoate and AgriMek were applied for the first spray on the plots indicated in the table to control leaf miners. XenTari was applied on the remaining spray dates on these plots because the leaf miner population declined to well below threshold levels after 6 Sept.
Evaluation of Planting-Time Soil Insecticide Applications for Controlling Corn Rootworm Larvae in South Dakota, 1994
Authors: Fuller B. W. , Boetel M. A. , Catangui M. A. , Jenson J. M. , Thompson D. J. , Brinkman M. A. , Smith M. P. , Voss T. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efficacy trials were conducted at 5 locations (Aurora, Bruce, Cavour, Delmont, and Garretson) in SD. Individual treatment plots consisted of single rows, 12.2 m to 15.2 m in length, and spaced 96.5 cm apart. Experimental design for all studies was a RCB with 4 replications. Granular insecticide formulations were applied with modified Noble metering units mounted on a specially-adapted Kinze 4-row corn planter. Metering units were ground-driven, and all units were calibrated on the planter. Liquid insecticides were applied using CO2-powered delivery systems individually mounted on each row of the planter. Each system was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa. Banded insecticide treatments (granular or liquid) were applied in an 18-cm swath over the open seed furrow (T-band) in front of the furrow-closing wheels, and were incorporated by the wheels and drag chains. Infurrow treatments were placed directly between double-disk furrow openers and into the open seed furrow. Pioneer IR-3751 (100-day) corn seed was planted at a rate of 23,000 kernels per acre at all study locations. Five roots per replication were dug, washed, and rated using the Iowa 1 to 6 scale to measure rootworm larval damage. Root injury ratings were recorded and analyzed using SAS’s General Linear Models procedure, and DMRT was used to compare treatment means.
Control of Soybean Looper in the Macon Ridge Region of Louisiana, 1994
Authors: Leonard B. R. , White C. A. , Wier A. T. , Lingren P. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticide efficacy against soybean looper was evaluated at the Macon Ridge Branch of the Northeast Research Station. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) × 50 ft, planted 3 Jun. Treatments in both tests were arranged in a RCB with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 23 Aug with a tractor-mounted boom and compressed air system calibrated to deliver 10 gal total spray/acre through Teejet X-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 38 psi. Treatments were evaluated at 3 and 7 DAT using two 25-sweep samples/plot with a standard 15 inch diameter sweep net. Rows 2 and 3 were sampled 3 DAT and rows 4 and 5 were sampled 7 DAT. No rainfall occurred during the test.
Velvetbean Caterpillar Control on Georgia Soybeans, 1994
Authors: McPherson Robert M. , Taylor J. Delano , Crowe Bert D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The efficacy of 13 selected insecticides for control of velvetbean caterpillars was evaluated at the Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA. The insecticides were foliar-applied on 22 Aug on ‘Davis’ soybeans planted in early Jun. Individual plots were 4 rows wide × 50 ft long with alleys 6 ft wide on each end and 2 border rows on each side, arranged in a RCBD with 4 replications. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 4, TX-12 nozzles on a 6 ft boom (2 nozzles per row) at 40 psi that delivered 17.6 gal/acre. Each plot was sampled prior to treatment and on 3, 7, 15 and 21 DAT, by taking a 20-sweep sample (15-inch diam net) from a single row. At 28 DAT, all plots were visually rated for percent defoliation. Soybeans were in the R5 growth stage (pods filling with seeds) at the initiation of the test and R6 growth stage (full size beans in pods) at the conclusion. The data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test.
White Grub Control Trial, Ft. Morgan, Co, 1991
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was established 6 Sep at the Ft. Morgan Municipal Golf Course. Soil type was a sandy loam, with thatch layer of %-in to %-in. Individual plots were 5-ft × 5-ft, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Treatments were applied between 9:30-11:00 AM, in a water volume of 20 gal/1000 ft2, using a sprinkler can. During application, overcast conditions existed and temperatures averaged 75-78°F. Plots were sprinkler irrigated within two hours after application. Target species was Cyclocephala sp., probably C. hirta. Evaluation was made 20 Sep. Plots were sampled by lifting a 15 × 15-inch turf flap and counting all living larvae which were underneath.
Western Flower Thrips on Impatiens Under Greenhouse Conditions, Spring 1994
Authors: Cesnik R. , Oetting R. D. , Gardner W. A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A total of 220 plants were potted individually in 10 cm pots on 20 May. These plants were separated into groups of 120 and 100 and placed into 2 separate double-poly greenhouses, thereby establishing 2 studies. In both studies, each treatment block contained 5 potted plants. The pots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Blocks were placed 50 cm apart. Test 1 consisted of 6 treatments and Test 2 consisted of 5 treatments. Treatments were applied at weekly intervals for 3 wk using a compressed-air sprayer operated at 30 to 35 psi, sprayed to runoff. A 75 × 120 cm masonite board was placed between plots to prevent overspray from one plot to another. Cell-U-Wet® (Creative Service,s Inc., Michigan City, IN) at 0.15 lb/gal was added to each tank mix in Test 2. Pre treatment and weekly post-treatment samples were obtained by excising 25 randomly selected flowers from each block and placing them immediately into 190-ml capacity plastic vials containing 80 ml of 70% ethanol. Each vial was shaken 10 times. The flowers were then removed from the vial, rinsed with 70% ethanol into the vial, and discarded. The adult and immature thrips captured in the alcohol were enumerated.
Laboratory Toxicity of Spinosad to Late Second Instar Tobacco Budworm Compared to Commercial Standards, 1994
Authors: Larson L. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The relative activity of spinosad was studied utilizing late second instar tobacco budworm each confined on a treated cotton leaf disc in a one ounce vented plastic cup. The discs were dipped in solutions using 4-fold dilutions. Ten replicates of one larva each were infested after drying at each dose and generally 5 dosage levels were used in the tests. Each paired comparison was done side by side and evaluated 72 hours after infestation.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control; Admire 2F Soil Application Depth, Big Lake, Mn, 1994
Authors: Noetzel David M. , Wingard Tom 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A small trial was established in an irrigated commercial field to determine efficacy of Admire 2F equivalent dosage with, and at varying distances above, the seed piece. Soils were sandy loams. A plot was a single 25 ft row. Treatments were arranged in an RCB design, replicated 4 times. The field was planted on 5 May, seed pieces uncovered on 11 May, re-covered to appropriate depth and treated with Admire 2F at a soil dosage of 1.3 fl ozl1000 row ft in 40 gal/ acre water. The original 6 deep ridge was then restored. Plant emergence began about 20 May but appeared uneven so % emergence data were recorded. The foliar treatment was delayed until slightly more than 15% larval defoliation was present. Foliar treatment dates were 29 June, 6, 13 & 20 July.
Potato Insect Control With Foliar Sprays, 1995
Authors: Stoltz Robert L. , Matteson Nancy A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experimental plots were established on the UI Research and Extension Center, Kimberly, Idaho. Potatoes were planted on 25 Apr and irrigated by solid set sprinkler. The soil type was Portneuf silt loam. Six treatments and one untreated check plot were replicated four times in a RCB design. Individual treatment plots were 4 rows (36 inch row spacing) wide by 25 ft long with 5 ft alleyways separating the plots. Treatment sprays were broadcast applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer (30 psi) and delivering 20 gal finished spray per acre (four, 10X hollow cone nozzles). On a weekly basis, egg masses, small larvae (1-2 instar), large larvae (3-4 instar) and adult beetles were counted, and percent defoliation estimates were made from whole plant inspections of the center 5 hills of the middle 2 plot rows. On 5 Jul a pre-count of all CPB life stages was taken and all treatment applications were made. Counts of GPA were made by visual examination of 10 leaves per plot. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls multiple means comparison.
Control of Second Generation Tobacco Budworms on Cotton in Southern North Carolina, 1995
Authors: Bacheler J. S. , Mott D. W. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 4 May in a Norfolk loamy sand on 38-inch rows near Laurel Hill in southeastern NC. Recommended practices for fertility and weed management were followed, and 0.75 lb (AI)/acre Temik 15G used at planting for thrips control. Plots were 40 ft X 6 rows, with 10-ft alleys and 4 replications arranged in a RCBD. The entire test was oversprayed with 1.0 lb (AI)/acre Orthene 75S on 7 Jun to encourage TBW establishment via destruction of beneficial arthropods. A single application was applied to all plots on 21 Jun. All applications were applied with a CO2-pressurized back pack sprayer calibrated to deliver 8 gpa at 50 psi with a single Spraying Systems TX-8 hollow cone nozzle per row. On 27 Jun, 25 terminals from each plot were examined for TBW eggs, terminal damage from TBW and live larvae. No squares were present at this relatively late date and thus were not sampled. On 31 Jul, the number of white blooms and bolls was counted for 15 ft for each plot per replicate (60 ft total per treatment). Plots were harvested with a 2-row John Deere mechanical harvester on 18 Oct.
Control of Boll Weevil in Cotton with Selected Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Fife J. H. , Leonard B. R. , Torrey K. D. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of selected insecticides against BW in cotton planted 12 Apr. Plots consisted of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft in both tests. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied on 7, 10, 12, 14, 17 Jul in Test II and on 10, 12, 14, 17 Jul in Test II. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 46 psi. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 cotton flower buds (squares) per plot 2-4 DAT for evidence of BW damage. No additional foliar insecticides were applied to the plots during this test. The test area received 0.1, 0.1 and 0.3 inches rainfall on 10, 14 and 15 Jul, respectively. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Tobacco Insect Control with Insecticides Applied in the Transplant Water, 1995
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Dara Surendra K. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Various insecticides applied as transplant water treatments were compared with foliar and soil treatments for TA and TFB control on flue-cured tobacco. Tests were conducted on a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA. Eleven treatments and an untreated control were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separated by single untreated guard rows. The Temik treatment was applied in a 14-inch band using a tractor mounted-Gandy granular applicator and immediately covered with 6 inches of soil at bed formation on 9 May (soil temperature, 65 °F; ambient temperature, 70 °F; soil pH, 5.6; weather, sunny; soil moisture, good). The Admire drench treatment was applied to tobacco seedlings in 288-cell float trays 24 hr before transplanting. The treatment was applied with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 1 fl oz of Admire 240FS in 1.84 gal of water/1,000 plants through 8003LP tips at 20 psi. Treatments were watered in with an additional 1 gal of water immediately after application. ‘Coker 371 Gold’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted and the transplant water (TPW) treatments were applied in 215 gal solution/acre with a Holland plunger-type transplanter on 16 May. The weather was sunny, and soil and ambient temperatures were 70 °F and 78-81 °F, respectively. Foliar applications of Orthene were applied on 3 Jul with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gpa at 60 psi through 3, TX-12 nozzles/row. The weather was clear, wind speed was less than 5 mph, and ambient temperature was 86 °F. Tobacco production followed Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations for weed and disease control, fertilization, topping and sucker control. Dipel 4L was applied for tobacco hornworm control on 4 Aug. TA were counted on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot about once a wk from 6 to 10 wk after transplanting. On 22 Aug, TA damage was rated for each plot on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = no signs of aphid feeding and 10 = all leaves showing severe damage resulting from TA infestations including honeydew, sooty mold, necrotic leaf tissue and exuviae. TFB feeding holes were counted on 5 plants/plot on 22 May, 1 wk after transplanting. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened, weighed, graded by a USDA/AMS inspector, and yields and prices were calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by WD (K-ratio = 100). TA count data were transformed to Log10 (X+l) before analysis.
Ant Control on Golf Course Fairways, Nh 1994
Authors: Swier Stanley R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A fairway infested with ant colonies was treated at 1900 hr at the Rochester Country Club, Rochester, NH. Plots were 6 X 15 ft, replicated 4 times. Plots were separated by a 3 ft buffer. Plots were treated 8 Aug and rated weekly by counting the number of active colonies per plot. Sprays were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer with 8004 nozzles. Treatments were applied in a volume of water equivalent to 4 gal/1000 ft2. Fairways were irrigated 3 times per week with 0.2 in water. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature 90.1°F; sky, clear; soil temperature, surface 91°F; soil texture, sandy loam; wind, 1-3 mph; soil pH 5.7; soil moisture, 28.7%; organic matter, 10.4%.
Spring Management of Bluegrass Billbug With Scimitar And Merit At The Valentine Research Center, University Park, Pennsylvania, 1995:
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The field plot consisted primarily of Kentucky bluegrass. Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a complete randomized block design and replicated 4 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with blank granules to facilitate product distribution. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 sprayer with 4 8004VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 1021 ml of water/54 ft2 or delivering 5 gal/1000 ft2. At treatment time (19 May), the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 60° F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 72.0° F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 66.0° F; RH, 69%; amount of thatch, 0.25-0.5 inches; soil textural class, silt loam; soil particle size analysis: 19.0% sand, 57.0% silt, 24.0% clay; organic matter, 4.0%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 25.5%; water pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.8; application time, mid-afternoon; and skies were partly cloudy. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.125 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were made 40 (28 Jun) and 45 (3 Jul) DAT. Bluegrass billbug control was evaluated by removing four 0.087 ft2 sod samples from each replicate, and the total number of bluegrass billbug life stages (larvae, pupae, adults) were recorded from each sample and converted to a ft2 count. Sod samples were removed with a 4-inch cup cutter.
Mealybug Control on Buffalograss Turf in Saunders Co., Nebraska, 1995
Authors: Heng-Moss T. M. , Baxendale F. P. , Weinhold A. P. , Riordan T. P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated for control of mealybugs on a buffalograss lawn at the University of Nebraska Agricultural Research and Development Center near Mead, Nebraska. The turf (100% buffalograss) was maintained at a mowing height of 3.5 inches but was mowed to a height of 2 inches prior to insecticide applications. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.25 inches. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 3–5%; soil pH, 6.7; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: soil moisture 13%; air temperature 83°F; soil temperature 70°F; relative humidity 53%; wind direction and velocity 177° at 10 mph. Plots were 4 X 4 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 3 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied on 28 Aug, 1995. Granular treatments were applied by using a precalibrated 24H12 Gandy spreader. Liquid insecticides were applied using a CO2 sprayer with an LF-4 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 4 gal finished spray/1000ft2. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.125 inches of water. No rain fell during the post treatment period. Treatments were evaluated 37 DAT (4 Oct) by removing from each plot three, 4.25 inch diam turf-soil cores (0.3 ft2 total area) to a depth of 1 inch. Cores were placed in Berlese funnels and extracted mealybugs were counted after 48 hr. Pre-treatment estimate of insect activity was 75 mealybugs per 1.0 ft2.
Efficacy of Several Turf Insecticides Against European Chafer Larvae, Home Lawn, 1995
Authors: Vittum P. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Six turf insec-ticides were tested for efficacy against European chafer larvae on a home lawn in Waltham, Mass. Grub populations were ca. 60% eggs, 40% early first instar at the time of application. The lawn consisted of 30% perennial ryegrass, 30% annual bluegrass, 30% crabgrass, and 10% dandelion, and was mowed at ca. 1.5 inches. Treatment plots were 8 ft by 8 ft, replicated 5 times, arranged in a RCB. All applications were made between 11:00 AM and 12:30 PM on 1 Aug 95. Liquid formulations were applied by hand with a watering can, 3 liters per plot. Granular formulations were applied using glass jars with perforated lids. Conditions at the time of application were as follows: air temp. 85° F, sunny and moderately humid with light SW wind (5-10 mph); soil type, silty loam; soil pH 6.6; water pH, 8.2. All plots were hand watered with 0.1 inch immediately after application, and an additional 0.2 inch was applied through overhead irrigation within 2 hr after application. No measurable rain fell in the area for 2 wk after application. Product efficacy was evaluated on 17 Oct (77 DAT) by removing 5 cupcutter plugs (4.25 inch diam) from near the center of each plot, dislodging soil with a hand trowel, and counting all grubs to a depth of 3 inches.
A Comparison of Two Methods of Application on the Effectiveness Of Ascend Pt-370 (Abamectin 0.011% Ai) and Amdro (Hydramethylnonc 0.73% Ai) Ant Baits on Red Imported Fire Ant Mounds, 1992
Authors: Summerlin Bill , Gold Roger , Howell Harry 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Ascend PT-370, supplied by Whitmire Research Laboratories, Inc. (St. Louis, MO), and Amdro were applied for RIFA control by two methods: sprinkled on the surface of the mound following label directions, and distributed around the mound (without disturbing the surface of the mound) for a distance of 2 feet. Prior to treatment, a wire stake was inserted into the center of each of 60 mounds. The wire was vibrated as to disturb the surface of the mound and the number of ants responding to this disturbance within the first 30 s was counted. Both pretreatment and posttreatment ant activity was evaluated on a qualitative scale of 0 to 3 with 0 indicating no activity, 1 indicating less than 10 ants responding, 2 indicating 10-100 ants responding, and 3 indicating more than 100 ants responding. This pretreatment activity was used to block the mounds into treatment groups. Activity counts were conducted at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 40 DAT. There were 12 mounds in each treatment and 12 untreated control mounds.