bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Key donor factors associated with graft loss among liver transplant recipients with human immunodeficiency virus
Authors: Campos‐Varela Isabel , Dodge Jennifer L. , Stock Peter G. , Terrault Norah A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected liver transplant (LT) recipients have higher risk of graft loss than HIV‐uninfected recipients. As the original donor risk index excluded HIV‐positive patients, donor factors associated with graft loss in HIV‐positive recipients are unknown.MethodsIdentifying all HIV‐positive patients in the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, supplemented by all HIV‐infected patients in the solid organ transplantation in HIV: Multi‐Site Study (HIV‐TR), we evaluated donor factors associated with graft loss among HIV‐positive recipients transplanted between March 2002 and August 2012.ResultsA total of 249 HIV‐positive LT recipients were followed for median 2.4 (interquartile range [IQR]: 0.8–4.9) years. In univariate analysis, donor diabetes (HR=2.09; P=.002) and donor hypertension (HR=1.43; P=.048) were significantly associated with graft loss, and African‐American (AA) recipient:non‐AA donor race mismatch (HR=1.60; P=.07), other cause of donor death compared to trauma (HR=2.02; P=.09), and donor age 30 years or older (HR=1.53; P=.05) were of borderline significance. In multivariate analysis, donor diabetes (HR=2.12; 95% CI: 1.33–3.38; P=.002) was the only significant predictor of graft loss.ConclusionIn HIV‐positive LT recipients, risk of graft loss is strongly influenced by donor diabetes. This information may be useful to transplant physicians seeking to optimize overall graft survival in their HIV‐positive LT recipients.
Extracorporeal life support in lung and heart–lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension in adults
Authors: Kortchinsky Talna , Mussot Sacha , Rezaiguia Saïda , Artiguenave Margaux , Fadel Elie , Stephan François 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAfter bilateral lung and heart–lung transplantation in adults with pulmonary hypertension, hemodynamic and oxygenation deficiencies are life‐threatening complications that are increasingly managed with extracorporeal life support (ECLS). The primary aim of this retrospective study was to assess 30‐day and 1‐year survival rates in patients managed with vs without post‐operative venoarterial ECLS in 2008–2013. The secondary endpoints were the occurrence rates of nosocomial infection, bleeding, and acute renal failure. Of the 93 patients with pulmonary hypertension who received heart‐lung (n=29) or bilateral lung (n=64) transplants, 28 (30%) required ECLS a median of 0 [0–6] hours after surgery completion and for a median of 3.0 [2.0–8.5] days. Compared to ECLS patients, controls had higher survival at 30 days (95.0% vs 78.5%; P=.02) and 1 year (83% vs 64%; P=.005), fewer nosocomial infections (48% vs 79%; P=.0006), and fewer bleeding events (17% vs 43%; P=.008). The need for renal replacement therapy was not different between groups (11% vs 17%; P=.54). Venoarterial ECLS is effective in treating pulmonary graft dysfunction with hemodynamic failure after heart‐lung or bilateral lung. However, ECLS use was associated with higher rates of infection and bleeding.
Nutritional versus genetic correlates of caste differentiation in a desert ant
Authors: AMOR FERNANDO , VILLALTA IRENE , DOUMS CLAUDIE , ANGULO ELENA , CAUT STEPHANE , CASTRO SARA , JOWERS MICHAEL J. , CERDÁ XIM , BOULAY RAPHAËL 
Published: July 2016

1. In many ant species, caste differentiation stems from trophic differences at the larval stage. Adult workers that feed larvae have great control over the allocation of colony resources to growth (production of workers) versus reproduction (production of queens). However, larval caste fate may also be constrained very early on through direct genetic effects or non‐genetic maternal effects.2. Here, we combined isotopic and genetic analyses to study the developmental origin of queens and workers in a desert‐dwelling ant, Cataglyphis tartessica (Amor & Ortega, 2014). Queens do not found new colonies alone but rather disperse with workers. As the latter are always wingless, selection pressures on specific queen traits such as flight ability have become relaxed. Though the phylogenetically related species, C. emmae (Forel, 1909) only produces winged queens much larger than workers, C. tartessica produces two types of small queens relative to workers: brachypterous (short‐winged) queens and permanently apterous ergatoid (wingless and worker‐like) queens.3. Upon emergence, workers and ergatoids have similar δ15N isotopic values, which were lower than those of brachypters, suggesting the latter are fed more protein as larvae. Microsatellite analyses indicated that: (i) colonies are mostly monogynous and monandrous; (ii) both ergatoids and brachypters are equally related to workers; and (iii) in the few polyandrous colonies, patrilines were evenly represented across workers, brachypters and ergatoids.4. Overall, there was no evidence of genetic caste determination. We suggest that, in contrast to brachypters, ergatoids are selfish individuals that escape the nutritional castration carried out by workers and develop into queens in spite of the colony's collective interests.
A new clinical score for the prognosis of status epilepticus in adults
Authors: González‐Cuevas M. , Santamarina E. , Toledo M. , Quintana M. , Sala J. , Sueiras M. , Guzman L. , Salas‐Puig J. 
Published: July 2016

Background and purposeThe severity of status epilepticus (SE) has an important impact in clinical outcomes. The Status Epilepticus Severity Score (STESS) is a score for predicting mortality in SE at admission. The baseline modified Rankin Scale (mRS) might be a prognostic factor for assessing the short‐tem outcomes of SE. Therefore, our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of mRS and whether its addition to the STESS improves the prediction of mortality.MethodsConsecutive patients with SE and aged >16 years were recruited during 3 years. Receiver operating characteristic curves and a logistic regression model were developed to estimate the scores of the new score, designated as modified STESS (mSTESS), and it was subsequently compared with the STESS.ResultsIn all, 136 patients were included. Mean age was 62.01 ± 17.62 (19–95) years, and 54% were male. The capacity of the STESS to predict mortality was 74.3% (95% confidence interval 63.8%–81.8%), whilst the capacity of the mRS to predict mortality was 65.2% (95% confidence interval 54.2%–76.2%). The logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curves enabled the classification of mRS as follows: 0, mRS = 0; 1, mRS = 1–3; and 2, mRS > 3. These values, when added to the other items of the STESS, resulted in the mSTESS with scores between 0 and 8 points. The capacity of the mSTESS to predict mortality was 80.1%. An mSTESS > 4 established an overall accuracy of 81.8% for predicting mortality, which was considerably higher than the overall accuracy of STESS ≥ 3 (59.6%).ConclusionsThe baseline mRS was associated with high mortality risk. It is proposed to use mSTESS to improve the prediction of mortality risk in SE.
Nerve conduction velocity in CMT1A: what else can we tell?
Authors: Manganelli F. , Pisciotta C. , Reilly M. M. , Tozza S. , Schenone A. , Fabrizi G. M. , Cavallaro T. , Vita G. , Padua L. , Gemignani F. , Laurà M. , Hughes R. A. C. , Solari A. , Pareyson D. , Santoro L. ,   the CMT‐TRIAAL and CMT‐TRAUK Group
Published: July 2016

Background and purposeCharcot‐Marie‐Tooth disease (CMT) type 1A is characterized by uniformly reduced nerve conduction velocity (NCV) that is fully penetrant since the first years of life, remains fairly stable through the life and does not correlate with disability whereas compound muscular action potential (CMAP) amplitude does. The aim of the present study was to analyze the large amount of electrophysiological data collected in the ascorbic acid trial in Italy and the UK (CMT‐TRIAAL/CMT‐TRAUK) and to use these data to gain insights into the pathophysiology of NCV in CMT1A.MethodsBaseline electrophysiological data from 271 patients were analysed. Electrophysiological recordings were taken from the motor ulnar, median and peroneal nerves and the sensory ulnar nerve. Distal motor latency (DML), motor (MNCV) and sensory (SNCV) nerve conduction velocity, and amplitudes of CMAPs and sensory action potentials were assessed. Electrophysiological findings were correlated with age of patients at examination and the Charcot–Marie−Tooth Examination Score (CMTES).ResultsNCV was markedly and uniformly reduced. CMAP amplitudes were overall reduced but more severely in lower limbs. DML decreased and MNCV and SNCV increased with age of the patients, whereas CMAP amplitudes worsened with age and also correlated with CMTES.ConclusionsThis is the largest sample of electrophysiological data obtained so far from CMT1A patients. Axonal degeneration as assessed by means of CMAP amplitude reflected clinical impairment and was consistent with a slowly progressive length‐dependent neuropathy. All patients typically had markedly slowed NCV that did, however, slightly increase with age of the patients. The improvement of NCV might depend on myelin thickness remodelling that occurs during the adult life of CMT1A patients.
Grazing intensity significantly affects belowground carbon and nitrogen cycling in grassland ecosystems: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhou Guiyao , Zhou Xuhui , He Yanghui , Shao Junjiong , Hu Zhenhong , Liu Ruiqiang , Zhou Huimin , Hosseinibai Shahla 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLivestock grazing activities potentially alter ecosystem carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycles in grassland ecosystems. Despite the fact that numerous individual studies and a few meta‐analyses had been conducted, how grazing, especially its intensity, affects belowground C and N cycling in grasslands remains unclear. In this study, we performed a comprehensive meta‐analysis of 115 published studies to examine the responses of 19 variables associated with belowground C and N cycling to livestock grazing in global grasslands. Our results showed that, on average, grazing significantly decreased belowground C and N pools in grassland ecosystems, with the largest decreases in microbial biomass C and N (21.62% and 24.40%, respectively). In contrast, belowground fluxes, including soil respiration, soil net N mineralization and soil N nitrification increased by 4.25%, 34.67% and 25.87%, respectively, in grazed grasslands compared to ungrazed ones. More importantly, grazing intensity significantly affected the magnitude (even direction) of changes in the majority of the assessed belowground C and N pools and fluxes, and C : N ratio as well as soil moisture. Specifically,light grazing contributed to soil C and N sequestration whereas moderate and heavy grazing significantly increased C and N losses. In addition, soil depth, livestock type and climatic conditions influenced the responses of selected variables to livestock grazing to some degree. Our findings highlight the importance of the effects of grazing intensity on belowground C and N cycling, which may need to be incorporated into regional and global models for predicting effects of human disturbance on global grasslands and assessing the climate‐biosphere feedbacks.
Large‐scale chemical stratification of fluids in the crust: hydraulic and chemical data from the geothermal research site Urach, Germany
Authors: Bucher K. , Stober I. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Urach 3 research borehole in SW Germany has been drilled through a sedimentary cover sequence and reached gneisses of the Variscan crystalline basement at 1604 m below surface. An additional 2840 m has been drilled through fractured basement rocks. The borehole has been used for hydraulic tests in the context of a ‘hot dry rock’ (HDR) project. The sedimentary cover ranges from the Carboniferous to the Middle Jurassic (Dogger) in age and comprises mostly clastic sediments in the Paleozoic and limestone and shale in the Mesozoic. Water composition data from 10 different depths include samples from all major lithological units. The total dissolved solids (TDS) increases from the surface to about 650 m where it reaches 4.1 g l−1 in Triassic limestone. In lower Triassic sandstones, TDS increases very sharply to 28.5 g l−1 and the water is saturated with pure CO2 gas. With increasing depth, TDS does not change much in the clastic sediments of the Permian and Carboniferous. The crystalline basement is marked by a very sharp increase in TDS to 55.5 g l−1 at about 1770 m depth. TDS increases within the basement to more than 78.5 g l−1 at about 3500 m depth. The data suggest that there is limited vertical chemical communication over long periods of time. The CO2 gas cap in the lower Triassic sandstones requires a gastight cover. The chemical stratification of the fluids relates to the permeability structure of the crust at the Urach site and fits well with hydraulic and thermal data from the site.
Do Top 10 Lists of Daily Stock Returns Attract Investor Attention? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Peng Diefeng , Rao Yulei , Wang Mei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUsing the upper price limit‐hitting events, in the Shanghai Stock Exchange in China, as the basis for comparison, we find that limit‐hitting stocks in the top 10 ranking list of daily returns attract more investors' attention, and bring about significant abnormal return in excess of those list‐excluded limit‐hitting stocks. The result is robust after controlling for firm characteristics and market states. Furthermore, the attention distinction caused by the ranking lists is unlikely to be distracted by simultaneous events. Overall, the previous empirical evidence about the ranking lists basically supports the investor attention hypothesis.
Pulmonary changes in Norwegian fatal cases of pandemic influenza H1N1 (2009) infection: a morphologic and molecular genetic study
Authors: Voltersvik Pål , Aqrawi Lara A. , Dudman Susanne , Hungnes Olav ,   Norwegian Lung Pathology Group, Bostad Leif , Brokstad Karl A. , Cox Rebecca J. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundDuring the pandemic outbreak of the 2009 swine influenza (A(H1N1)pdm09), 32 fatal cases occurred in Norway and 19 of these were included in this study.ObjectivesWe characterised pulmonary changes in these fatal Norwegian cases.Patients and MethodsUpon hospitalisation, detailed clinical information and specimens from the upper and lower respiratory pathways were collected. At post‐mortem, lung tissue was collected, formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded. Immunohistochemical and light microscopic examination was performed to visualise the local expression of the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and pyrosequencing of the non‐fixed specimens allowed the identification of mutations in the influenza virus surface glycoprotein (haemagglutinin gene) particularly at position 222.Results and ConclusionsThe overall course of illness lasted from 2 to 40 days (median 9 days). Diffused alveolar damage (DAD) was evident in 11 cases, 4 of which had no apparent underlying illness. Obesity was prominent in 12 cases, where three individuals were classified as otherwise healthy. The HA D222G mutation was detected in six cases, 3 of which had no underlying illness. Immunohistochemistry showed the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus to be prominent at the site of inflammation both in close proximity to and inside alveolar structures in the lung tissue. In addition to a possible role for the HA D222G mutation, our findings indicate that host factors and underlying conditions in the infected individuals are fundamental for disease outcome in many cases. This study increases our understanding of determinants for the clinical outcome of pandemic influenza, which could guide future treatment.
On the volatility of blood inventories
Authors: Clay Nigel M. , Abbasi Babak , Eberhard Andrew , Hearne John 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPast research underestimates the volatility of blood inventories. Models are calibrated to be correct on average, but average behavior does not capture the risk of blood inventories to experience outdates or shortages. Volatility in blood inventories arises from stochastic supply, stochastic demand, perishability and blood‐issuing policies. However, these are not exhaustive as the logistics or the supply chain can cause dynamic behavior even without stochastic supply and demand. We use system dynamics to illustrate the response of the blood supply chain to disturbances. This approach captures delays and feedback not previously incorporated into blood supply models. First, we show that the structure of the system itself can cause volatility. Then, we propose a modification to ameliorate volatility. It is hoped that similar changes to real blood inventory systems might improve the robustness of the blood supply chain to shocks, thereby reducing shortages and outdates.
Interankle Systolic Blood Pressure Difference Is a Marker of Prevalent Stroke in Chinese Adults: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Guo Hong , Sun Fengyu , Zhang Haiyu , Dong Lihang , Gu Xingbo , Tian Ye 
Published: July 2016

This cross‐sectional study carried out from November 2014 to December 2014 aimed to determine whether the interankle systolic blood pressure (SBP) difference is an independent marker of prevalent stroke. Simultaneous four‐limb blood pressure measurements (oscillometric devices) and calculated SBP difference between the lower limbs were collected from 1485 participants aged 35 years and older. Questionnaires about traditional stroke risk factors were completed. Interankle SBP difference ≥7 mm Hg was independently associated with a history of stroke after adjusting for traditional stroke risk factors (odds ratio, 1.64; 95% confidence interval, 1.53–3.59; P=.0123). Net reclassification improvement analysis showed that adding the interankle SBP difference to traditional risk factors improved the predictive ability for stroke risk by 18.5% (P<.001). In conclusion, an interankle SBP difference ≥7 mm Hg could be an independent marker of stroke history in Chinese adults. It could offer an extra benefit in identifying individuals with risk of stroke beyond conventional clinical features.
Different roles of the small GTPases Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoG in CALEB/NGC‐induced dendritic tree complexity
Authors: Schulz Jana , Franke Kristin , Frick Manfred , Schumacher Stefan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRho GTPases play prominent roles in the regulation of cytoskeletal reorganization. Many aspects have been elaborated concerning the individual functions of Rho GTPases in distinct signaling pathways leading to cytoskeletal rearrangements. However, major questions have yet to be answered regarding the integration and the signaling hierarchy of different Rho GTPases in regulating the cytoskeleton in fundamental physiological events like neuronal process differentiation. Here, we investigate the roles of the small GTPases Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoG in defining dendritic tree complexity stimulated by the transmembrane epidermal growth factor family member CALEB/NGC. Combining gain‐of‐function and loss‐of‐function analysis in primary hippocampal neurons, we find that Rac1 is essential for CALEB/NGC‐mediated dendritic branching. Cdc42 reduces the complexity of dendritic trees. Interestingly, we identify the palmitoylated isoform of Cdc42 to adversely affect dendritic outgrowth and dendritic branching, whereas the prenylated Cdc42 isoform does not. In contrast to Rac1, CALEB/NGC and Cdc42 are not directly interconnected in regulating dendritic tree complexity. Unlike Rac1, the Rac1‐related GTPase RhoG reduces the complexity of dendritic trees by acting upstream of CALEB/NGC. Mechanistically, CALEB/NGC activates Rac1, and RhoG reduces the amount of CALEB/NGC that is located at the right site for Rac1 activation at the cell membrane. Thus, Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoG perform very specific and non‐redundant functions at different levels of hierarchy in regulating dendritic tree complexity induced by CALEB/NGC.
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Rho GTPases play a prominent role in dendritic branching. CALEB/NGC is a transmembrane member of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) family that mediates dendritic branching, dependent on Rac1. CALEB/NGC stimulates Rac1 activity. RhoG inhibits CALEB/NGC‐mediated dendritic branching by decreasing the amount of CALEB/NGC at the plasma membrane. Palmitoylated, but not prenylated form of the GTPase Cdc42 decreases dendritic branching. CALEB/NGC and Cdc42 are not directly interconnected in regulating dendritic branching. Thus, CALEB/NGC organizes a Rho GTPase signaling module at the plasma membrane for shaping dendritic trees.
Feasibility and acceptability of a mobile app in an ecological momentary assessment of early breastfeeding
Authors: Demirci Jill R. , Bogen Debra L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractEcological momentary assessment (EMA) is a novel data collection method that samples subject experiences in real‐time – minimizing recall bias. Here, we describe the feasibility of EMA to track breastfeeding behaviour through a mobile phone app. During their birth hospitalization, we approached healthy, first‐time mothers intending to exclusively breastfeed for at least 2 months to participate in a study tracking breastfeeding through 8 weeks postpartum. Participants downloaded a commercially available smartphone app, entered information and thoughts about breastfeeding as they occurred, and emailed this data weekly. We called participants at 2 and 8 weeks to assess breastfeeding status. At the 8‐week call, we also assessed participants' experiences using the app. Of the 61 participants, 38% sent complete or nearly complete feeding data, 24% sent some data, and 38% sent no data; 58% completed at least one free‐text breastfeeding entry, and five women logged daily or near daily entries. Compared with women who sent no data, those who sent any were more likely to be married, highly educated, intend to breastfeed more than 6 months, have a more favourable baseline attitude towards breastfeeding, and less likely to have used formula during hospitalization. There was a high degree of agreement between participant‐reported proportion of breast milk feeds via app and interview data at 2 weeks (ICC 0.97). Experiences with the app ranged from helpful to too time‐consuming or anxiety‐provoking. Participants and researchers encountered technical issues related to app use and analysis, respectively. While our data do not support the feasibility of stand‐alone app‐based EMA to track breastfeeding behaviour, it may provide rich accounts of the breastfeeding experience for certain subgroups of women. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd