bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Municipal enterprises and their role in effective distribution of resources between different municipal services
Authors: Морозов Владимир , Morozov Vladimir , Панова Александра , Panova Alyeksandra 
Published: November 2015

This article examines the place of the municipal enterprises in the service of the local
community in general, and in the rendering of municipal services in particular. The methods of
services rendering by individual municipal authority or enterprise and the directly by local
authorities are compared. These models vary considerably in efficiency and organizational
support. These differences allow get answer to the question of the expediency of involving the
municipal enterprises to the rendering of municipal services.
The author defines the criteria, which allow assessing the place of municipal enterprises
in considered sphere and getting answer to the question of the expediency of involving of
municipal enterprises in the economy of the territory. The research also focuses on ways to
improve efficiency, accountability and transparency of the management of municipal enterprises.
A significant part of the impact and mechanism of direct responsibility to the people must
be supported with the help of supervision of municipal services, otherwise there is a great
temptation to start uncontrolled expansion and implement investments in new assets without
appropriate investments in other municipal spheres. The activity of local authorities satisfies
these criteria better than the performance of individual municipal enterprises. The financial
independence of the last mentioned more contributes to attempts to build empires and unjustified
costs. Municipal enterprises do not have unique advantages; their existence creates or
contributes to the creation of problems in the sphere of decision-making, and also leads to
unnecessary costs for the local authorities and population. Their abolishment would increase the
efficiency, accountability and transparency of the public sector.
Antecipação de tutela ex officio: garantia de acesso à ordem jurídica justa
Authors: Nunes Douglas Sausedo 
Published: November 2015

<p style="text-align: justify;">Conceder a tutela sem que haja o requerimento expresso da parte interessada, pode projetar uma discussão principiológica, talvez. Por outro lado, é sabido que o nosso sistema legal parte do primado da celeridade, da efetividade e da economicidade da demanda, todos capazes de amenizar a celeuma. A segurança jurídica, constitucionalmente garantida, é mitigada em razão esses postulados, em face da efetividade. É exatamente nesse ponto, a efetividade jurisdicional, que se vê cada vez mais primordial “constitucionalizar” o instituto da antecipação a tutela, visando a sua concessão de ofício, sobretudo quando na casuística não se consegue produzir um efeito real, justo e adequado.</p>
Selected Properties And Tribological Wear Alloys Co-Cr-Mo And Co-Cr-Mo-W Used In Dental Prosthetics
Authors: Augustyn-Pieniążek J. , Kurtyka P. , Sulima I. , Stopka J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The presented work provides the results of the abrasive wear resistance tests performed on Co-Cr-Mo and Co-Cr-Mo-W alloys with the use of the Miller’s apparatus. The analyzed alloys underwent microstructure observations as well as hardness measurements, and the abraded surfaces of the examined materials were observed by means of electron scanning microscopy. The performed examinations made it possible to state that the Co-Cr alloys characterized in a high hardness, whereas the changes in the mass decrement were minimal, which proved a high abrasive wear resistance.
Evaluation Of State Of Rolling Bearings Mounted In Vehicles With Use Of Vibration Signals
Authors: Peruń G. , Stanik Z. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The article is a continuation of the research carried out in order to determine the possibility of diagnosing bearings of cars’ wheels. The previous paper showed the results of metallographic research and the research carried out using vibroacoustic methods, with the use of vibration signals and frequency analysis. In this paper the results of further research will be presented, which used the acceleration signals again. To determine the state of the bearings this time simple amplitude measures were used.
Aging Behaviour Of AA6061/SiCP Composites Produced By Direct Extrusion With A Reversibly Rotating Die Method
Authors: Wozniak J. , Kostecki M. , Broniszewski K. , Bochniak W. , Olszyna A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This paper discusses the influence of thermal treatment parameters on mechanical properties of AA6061+x% vol. SiCp (x = 0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10) composites. The composites were consolidated via powder metallurgy processing using the unconventional method of extrusion (the KoBo method). In order to establish the optimum parameters of the heat treatment two different temperatures of supersaturation (530 and 558ºC) were applied. The aging curves were determined at various aging temperatures such as 140, 160, 180 and 200ºC. The effects of applied parameters were studied using the microstructure observations and hardness measurements. Obtained results show that the solution treatment at 530ºC is sufficient to complete dissolution of the precipitates. Higher temperature of the process resulted in accelerating the aged-hardening. The suitable age treating parameters for the AA6061-5 vol. % SiCp composites were 160 - 180ºC for 12 - 16 hours.
Microstructure And Texture Evolution During Cold-Rolling In The Fe-23Mn-3Si-3Al Alloy
Authors: Kowalska J. , Ratuszek W. , Witkowska M. , Zielińska-Lipiec A. , Kowalski M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Fe–23wt.%Mn–3wt.%Si–3wt.%Al alloy was cast, homogenized at 1150ºC, hot-rolled at temperatures between 1200ºC and 900ºC and next cold-rolled from 5% up to 40% reductions in thickness. Microstructure and texture of this alloy, which has a low stacking fault energy, were defined after cold-rolling. Investigation of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that mechanical twinning and martensitic transformations (γfcc→εhcp and γfcc→εhcp→α′bcc) took place during cold-rolling. The crystallographic Shoji-Nishiyama (S-N) {00.2}ε║{111}γ, <11.0>ε ║ <110>γ and Kurdjumov-Sachs (K-S) {111}γ║{101}α’, <101>γ║<111>α’ relations between martensite (ε, α’) and austenite (γ), were found in the coldrolled material.
The Microstructure And Mechanical Properties Of The AlSi17Cu5 Alloy After Heat Treatment
Authors: Piątkowski J. , Matuła T. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
In the paper results of the microstructure and mechanical properties (HB, Rm and R0,2) of AlSi17Cu5 alloy, subjected by solution heat treatment (500ºC/6h/woda) and aging (200ºC/16h/piec) are presented. In next step the alloy was modified and heated significantly above the Tliq temperature (separately and together). It was found that the increase in the strength properties of the tested alloy after heat treatment compared to alloys without solution heat treatment and aging was due to precipitation hardening. The applied aging treatment of ingots (preceded by solution heat treatment), causes not only increase in concentration in α(Al) solid solution, but also a favorable change of the primary Si crystals morphology. During stereological measurements significant size reduction and change in the morphology of hypereutectic silicon crystals ware found. This effects can be further enhanced by overheating the alloy to a temperature of 920ºC and rapid cooling before casting of the alloy.
Magnetomechanical Properties Of Composite Materials With Giant Magnetostriction
Authors: Tomiczek A.E. , Mech R. , Dobrzański L. A. , Tański T. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe aim of this work was to observe the changes in the magnetomechanical properties of composite materials with different Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9(Terfenol-D) powder particle-size distributions and varying volume fractions in the polyurethane matrix. The results show a direct relationship between the properties and the particle size of the Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9powder: the increases in the particle-size distribution of the Tb0.3Dy0.7Fe1.9powder in the matrix amplify the magnetostrictive responses and the compressive modulus values. Moreover, it was found that the key role in efficiency of the transformation of magnetic energy into mechanical plays the initial compressing pre-stress.
Effect Of Heat Treatment On The Corrosion Resistance Of Aluminized Steel Strips
Authors: Żaba K. , Nowosielski M. , Kita P. , Kwiatkowski M. , Tokarski T. , Puchlerska S. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe paper presents the results of corrosion resistance of heat treated aluminized steel strips. Products coated by Al-10Si alloy are used among others in a manufacturing process of welded pipes as the elements of the car exhaust systems, working in high temperatures and different environments (eg. wet, salty). The strips and tubes high performance requirements are applied to stability, thickness and roughness of Al-Si coating, adhesion and corrosion resistance. Tubes working in elements of exhaust systems in a wide range of temperatures are exposed to the effects of many aggressive factors, such as salty snow mud. It was therefore decided to carry out research on the impact of corrosion on the environmental influence on heat treated aluminized steel strips. The heat treatment was carried out temperatures in the range 250-700°C for 30, 180, 1440 minutes. Then the coatings was subjected to cyclic impact of snow mud. Total duration of treatment was 12 months and it was divided into three stages of four months and at the end of each stage was made the assessment of factor of corrosion. The results are presented in the form of macroscopic, microscopic (using a scanning electron microscope) observations and the degree and type of rusty coating.
The Influence Of Load History On Durability Of P92 Steel Used For The Construction Of Energy Pipelines
Authors: Cieśla M. , Junak G. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The research material used in the study was the martensitic creep-resistant steel P92 used for the manufacture of pipes being part of power generation units subject to heavy load. The research problem focused on two issues. The first one was to analyze how the plastic deformation cumulated in the material in low-cycle fatigue conditions affects the characteristics of the material in creep conditions in a temperature of 600ºC. The other one was concerned with analysis of a reverse situation, i.e. how the initial plastic deformation of the material in creep conditions changes the mechanical characteristics of the steel under low-cycle fatigue conditions in a temperature of 600ºC.
Impact Of Strain In Drawing Process And Surface Modification On Resistance To Electrochemical Corrosion Of Wires Used In Dentistry
Authors: Przondziono J. , Hadasik E. , Walke W. , Szala J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The study presents the results of research into the impact of strain in cold drawing and surface modification treatment on corrosion properties of wires made of X10CrNi 18-8 steel used in maxillofacial surgery. Scanning microscopy enabled to make images of the surface of wires after drawing process as well as after surface modification treatment. Resistance to electrochemical corrosion was evaluated on the ground of registered anodic polarisation curves in artificial saliva. In order to evaluate physical and chemical properties of the surface, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was performed.
Test results show deterioration of corrosion properties of wires along with strain taking place in drawing process. It was proved that electrochemical polishing and chemical passivation caused sudden increase of resistance of wires made of stainless steel to pitting corrosion in artificial saliva.
Model Of Relaxation Of Residual Stresses In Hot-Rolled Strips
Authors: Milenin A. , Kuziak R. , Pidvysots'kyy V. , Kustra P. , Witek Sz. , Pietrzyk M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Residual stresses in hot-rolled strips are of practical importance when the laser cutting of these strip is applied. The factors influencing the residual stresses include the non uniform distribution of elastic-plastic deformations, phase transformation occurring during cooling and stress relaxation during rolling and cooling. The latter factor, despite its significant effect on the residual stress, is scarcely considered in the scientific literature. The goal of the present study was development of a model of residual stresses in hot-rolled strips based on the elastic-plastic material model, taking into account the stress relaxation.
Residual stresses in hot-rolled strips were evaluated using the FEM model for cooling in the laminar cooling line and in the coil. Relaxation of thermal stresses was considered based on the creep theory. Coefficients of elastic-plastic material model and of the creep model for steels S235 and S355 were obtained from the experiments performed on the Gleeble 3800 simulator for the temperatures 35-1100°C. Experiments composed small tensile deformations of the sample (0.01-0.02) and subsequent shutter speed without removing the load. Model of the thermal deformation during cooling was obtained on the basis of the dilatometric tests at cooling rates of 0.057°C/s to 60°C/s.
Physical simulations of the cooling process were performed to validate the model. Samples were fixed in the simulator Gleeble 3800, then heated to the temperature of 1200°C and cooled to the room temperature at a rate of 1-50°C/s. Changes of stresses were recorded. Good agreement between calculated and experimental values of stresses was observed. However, due to neglecting the effect of stress relaxation the stress at high temperatures was overestimated. Due to the change of their stress sign during the unloading process the resulting residual stresses were underestimated.
Simulation of residual stresses in rolling and cooling were performed on the basis of the developed model. It was shown that the effect of stress relaxation and phase transformations on the distribution of residual stresses in strips is essential and neglecting these factors could lead to an underestimation of residual stresses.
The Strength Analysis Of Cu/α−Al2O3 Interfaces As A Key For Rational Composite Design
Authors: Nalepka K. , Sztwiertnia K. , Nalepka P. , Pęcherski R.B. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) studies carried out for the Cu/α−Al2O3 composites manufactured by pulsed laser deposition method and by the powder metallurgy enable to uncover a set of orientation relationships characteristic for materials of this type. The identified interfaces are categorized according to the bonding strength. Additionally, their microstructure is reproduced by molecular dynamic (MD) simulations. The obtained classification of the phase boundaries constitutes key information for effective composite design.
Modification Of The Structure And Properties Of The Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V In Biomedical Applications
Authors: Klimas J. , Łukaszewicz A. , Szota M. , Nabiałek M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
From the time when Per-Ingvar Brånemark discovered oseointegration properties of titanium in 1952 a large-scale studies on the issue of usability this metal in surgery were started. Thanks to the parallel research conducted on independent centers managed to get a number of metal alloys which were implanted into the human body in the form of implants. Among the alloys produced appeared alloy of aluminum and vanadium Ti6Al4V. The mechanical properties, high biocompatibility, low density and for this relatively low-cost, caused that the alloy began to be used as a material for biomedical applications. In the present article analyzed the possibility of modifying the properties of the alloy, by choosing another method of producing – method of injection casting with suction. A comparative analysis of the input material - the alloy commercially produced in the form of a rod of the same material melted by injection under vacuum and in air were carried out. The studies results indicate that using method of injection casting with suction to produce the final item influence on significant improvement in mechanical properties as a result of fragmentation of the grains at the element surface. The mechanical properties play a key role in a tissue-implant-bone system.
Structural Defects In The FeCoYB Amorphous Alloys
Authors: Błoch K. , Nabiałek M. , Gondro J. , Szota M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The aim of this work was to determine the nature of the structural defects that have a major influence on the magnetisation process within the investigated alloys. The structure of the alloys in the as-quenched state was investigated by means of X-ray diffractometry. It was confirmed that the samples were amorphous. The magnetisation was measured within magnetic fields ranging from 0 to 2T using a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The investigation of the ‘magnetisation in the area close to ferromagnetic saturation’ showed that, for this class of alloys, the magnetisation process in strong magnetic fields is connected with the following two influences: 1) Firstly, the rotation of the magnetic moments in the vicinity of the defects, which are the sources of the short-range stresses, and, 2) The dumping of the thermally-induced spin waves by the magnetic field. In the case of the Fe63Co10Y7B20 alloy, the magnetisation process is connected with both point and linear defects, whereas for the Fe64Co10Y6B20 alloy, only with linear defects. This suggests that the size of the defects, determining the character of the magnetisation in the vicinity of ferromagnetic saturation, depends on the atomic packing density. On the basis of analysis of the magnetisation curves, the spin wave stiffness parameter (Dsp) was calculated.
Effects Of The Combined Heat And Cryogenic Treatment On The Stability Of Austenite In A High Co-Ni Steel
Authors: Gruber M. , Ploberger S. , Ressel G. , Wiessner M. , Hausbauer M. , Marsoner S. , Ebner R. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The stability of austenite is one of the most dominant factors affecting the toughness properties of high Co-Ni steels such as Aermet 100 and AF1410. Thus, the aim of this work was to get a deeper understanding on the impact of combined heat and cryogenic treatment on the stability of retained and reverted austenite. In order to characterize the evolution of the phase fraction of austenite during tempering at different temperatures and times, X-ray diffraction analyses were carried out. The stability of austenite, which was formed during tempering, was analyzed with dilatometric investigations by studying the transformation behavior of the austenite during cooling from tempering temperature down to −100°C. Additionally, transmission electron microscopy investigations were performed to characterize the chemical composition and phase distribution of austenite and martensite before and after tempering.
Making Artificial Heart Components – Selected Aspects Of Casting Technology
Authors: Sobczak J.J. , Karwiński A. , Leśniewski W. , Wieliczko P. , Gil A. , Pysz S. , Kowalski P. , Sobczak N. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study shown possibilities of Rapid Prototyping techniques (RP) and metal casting simulation software (MCSS), including non inertial reference systems. RP and MCSS have been used in order to design and produce essential elements for artificial heart. Additionally it has been shown possibilities of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technique and DodJet technology using prototyped elements of rotodynamic pump. MAGMASOFT® software allowed to verify the cast kit heart valves model. Optical scanner Atos III enabled size verification of experimental elements supplied by rapid prototyping together with metal casting elements. Due to the selection of ceramic materials and assessment of molten metal – ceramic reactivity at high temperatures together with pattern materials selection model it was possible to design, manufacture a ceramic mould for titanium based alloys. The casting structure modification has been carried out by means of high isostatic pressure technique (HIP). The quality assessment of the casting materials has been performed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), ARL 4460 Optical Emission Spectrometer, metallographic techniques and X-ray computed tomography.
Surface Modification Of The High Temperature Porous Sliding Bearings With Solid Lubricant Nanoparticles
Authors: Wiśniewska-Weinert H. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A surface modification of stainless steel bearing sleeves is developed to improve the tribology characteristics at high temperature. Solid lubricant nano- and microparticles are applied for this purpose. To create the quasi-hydrodynamic lubrication regimes, the solid lubricant powder layer is made by developed pressure impregnation technique. Porous sliding bearing sleeve prototypes were made by powder metallurgy technique. The purpose of the paper is to define the friction and wear characteristics of the sleeves and to determine the influence of sealing of the sliding interface on these characteristics. It is found that application of WS2 sold lubricant nano- and micro-particles and preservation of a particle leakage out of interface allows to achieve at the high temperature the friction coefficients comparable to those at ambient temperature.
Influence Of Laser Beam Intensity On Geometry Parameters Of A Single Surface Texture Element
Authors: Antoszewski B. , Sęk P. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Laser surface texturing is used more and more often in modern machines for the implementation of variety of purposes such as for example intensification of lubrication, intensification of heat exchange, stimulation of microfluidics, increasing the chemical activity of the surface. Owing to the development of technologies using a concentrated energy flux, including laser microprocessing, it has become feasible. The present paper concentrates on the selection of parameters of laser microprocessing with picosecond pulses so as to obtain the highest efficiency and accuracy of the execution of a single texture element.
Description Of Alloy Layer Formation On A Cast Steel Substrate
Authors: Szajnar J. , Dulska A. , Wróbel T. , Baron C. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
A description of alloy layer formation on a steel substrate is presented. Two types of formation are considered: diffusion of carbon and chromium into the solid from the pad in the direction of the cast steel within the FeCrC (grains) and diffusion in a layer of liquid chromium cast iron formed in a preceding step. The influence of silicon in the pad on the pad’s transformation into the liquid is also examined. Solidus and liquidus temperatures of high carbon ferrochromium are determined. The larger the content of Si is used in the experiment, the lower the solidus temperature of the FeCrC alloy is observed. This results from the higher intensity of the elements’ diffusion and faster formation of the liquid.
Cellular Automaton Simulation For Volume Changes Of Solidifying Nodular Cast Iron
Authors: Burbelko A. , Gurgul D. , Guzik E. , Kapturkiewicz W. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractVolume changes of the binary Fe-C alloy with nodular graphite were forecast by means of the Cellular Automaton Finite Differences (CA-FD) model of solidification. Simulations were performed in 2D space for differing carbon content. Dependences of phase density on temperature were considered in the computations; additionally density of the liquid phase and austenite were deemed as a function of carbon concentration. Changes of the specific volume were forecast on the base of the phase volume fractions and changes of phase density. Density of modeled material was calculated as weighted average of densities of each phase.