bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ruthenium Anticancer Agents—From Cisplatin Analogues to Rational Drug Design
Authors: Adams Muneebah , Hanif Muhammad , Hartinger Christian G. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe discovery of cisplatin has triggered research in metal‐based anticancer agents. Ruthenium complexes have been investigated as chemotherapeutics for more than 30 years. In this article, we review the early steps of Ru‐based drug development, which was often based on the structural similarity to cisplatin, and led eventually to the clinical trials of KP1019/KP1339 and NAMI‐A and the emergence of the organometallic RAPTA and RAED compound series. The unique modes of action of Ru compounds equip them with their special pharmacological properties. Especially in the past decades, many rationally designed Ru complexes have been reported to expand the range of compound types, and therewith the modes of action these compounds follow. This article covers many of the reported novel approaches and newer developments in the field, demonstrating in some cases properties advantageous to that of platinum anticancer agents and opening the route to new generations of metal‐based anticancer agents.
Controlled Reactivity of 1,8‐Diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) in the Selective Synthesis of 1‐(Bromoethynyl)arenes
Authors: Krishna Moodapelly Shiva , Sharma Gangavaram V. M. , Ramana Doddi Venkata 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe nucleophilic reactivity of 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene (DBU) was completely controlled by the formation of monohydrate (DBU⋅H2O) in the synthesis of 1‐(bromoethynyl)arenes from 1,1‐dibromoalkenes. Differential reactivity of DBU in protic solvents as compared to aprotic solvents has been explored to prevent the formation of mixtures of products in this reaction. Hydrated DBU is found to be superior to dry DBU, both for the selective synthesis and ease of isolation. In addition, use of DBU⋅H2O as a non‐nucleophilic mild base allowed us to synthesise 1‐(bromoethynyl)arenes via a reaction under solvent‐free conditions. Utilization of DBU⋅H2O as sole reagent also allowed us to isolate the products without column chromatographic purifications.magnified image
Copper(II) Acetate‐Catalyzed Hydroxysulfenylation‐Initiated Lactonization of Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids with Oxygen as Oxidant and Oxygenation Reagent
Authors: Du Bingnan , Wang Yang , Mei Haibo , Han Jianlin , Pan Yi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA copper(II) acetate‐catalyzed aerobic thiolation of C=C double bonds, oxygenation, and intramolecular cyclization reactions of unsaturated carboxylic acids with thiols has been explored. The reaction proceeds through a new hydroxysulfenylation‐initiated lactonization pathway with carboxyl as electrophilic group, which provides an efficient access to assembly highly valuable thio‐substituted lactone derivatives with good yields under mild conditions. Several control experiments, as well as an isotope labelling experiment disclose that oxygen acts as both oxidant and reactant being transferred into the final product. The mechanistic studies support the discovery of a new strategy through difunctionalization of alkenes based on unsaturated carboxylic acids to construct the diversely substituted lactones.magnified image
(Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III)‐Catalyzed Direct Trifluoromethylthiolation of Arenes via C−H Activation
Authors: Liu Xu‐Ge , Li Qingjiang , Wang Honggen 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe direct trifluoromethylthiolation of arenes was realized via (pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)cobalt(III)‐catalyzed C(sp2)‐H activation and coupling with AgSCF3 under the assistance of a directing group. The reaction features redox‐neutrality, mild conditions, broad substrate scope, and good functional group tolerance. Preliminary mechanistic studies have been conducted.magnified image
Enantioselective Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbene Insertion into the N−H Bonds of Aromatic Heterocycles
Authors: Arredondo Vanessa , Hiew Stanley C. , Gutman Eugene S. , Premachandra Ilandari Dewage Udara Anulal , Van Vranken David L. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractC3‐substituted indoles and carbazoles react with α‐aryl‐α‐diazoesters under palladium catalysis to form α‐(N‐indolyl)‐α‐arylesters and α‐(N‐carbazolyl)‐α‐arylesters. The products result from insertion of a palladium‐carbene ligand into the N−H bond of the aromatic N‐heterocycles. Enantioselection was achieved using a chiral bis(oxazoline) ligand, in many cases with high enantioselectivity (up to 99 % ee). The method was applied to synthesize the core of a bioactive carbazole derivative in a concise manner.
Ultrathin Two‐Dimensional Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Nanosheets with Bright, Tunable Photoluminescence and High Stability
Authors: Yang Shuang , Niu Wenxin , Wang An‐Liang , Fan Zhanxi , Chen Bo , Tan Chaoliang , Lu Qipeng , Zhang Hua 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite nanosheets (NSs) are attracting increasing research interest due to their unique properties and promising applications. Here, for the first time, we report the facile synthesis of single‐ and few‐layer free‐standing phenylethylammonium lead halide perovskite NSs, that is, (PEA)2PbX4 (PEA=C8H9NH3, X=Cl, Br, I). Importantly, their lateral size can be tuned by changing solvents. Moreover, these ultrathin 2D perovskite NSs exhibit highly efficient and tunable photoluminescence, as well as superior stability. Our study provides a simple and general method for the controlled synthesis of 2D perovskite NSs, which may offer a new avenue for their fundamental studies and optoelectronic applications.
Pelvic Inlet Shape Is Not as Dimorphic as Previously Suggested
Authors: Delprete Hillary 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIt is well known that there are significant differences in the pelves of males and females due, in part, to differing constraints. The male and female pelves must be suitable for upright posture and locomotion, but the female pelvis must also be suitable for reproduction. These differing requirements lead to differences in the shape and size of various pelvic dimensions. These differences are reflected in the pelvic inlet, midplane, and outlet. Current research has documented dimorphisms in the posterior and anterior spaces in all three of these planes. One measure however, that is calculated from the relationship between the length of the anterior–posterior diameter (APD) and the transverse diameter (TD) of the inlet, is not as dimorphic as previously suggested. This computed value is used to describe four main categories of inlet shape: android, gynecoid, anthropoid, and platypelloid. Current textbooks in anatomy and midwifery describe these forms and identify the typical male inlet shape as android and the typical female inlet shape as gynecoid. In this study, however, using skeletonized pelves of 378 adult individuals from three identified skeletal collections, the most common inlet shape for both males and females was android. In addition, when examining shape as a continuous variable, inlet shape is not sexually dimorphic in two of the three populations examined in this study. Based on the results of this study, the inlet shape for males and females is less dimorphic than previously thought, and we need to discontinue using pelvic categories to describe typical inlet shape. Anat Rec, 300:706–715, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survey of pedestrians' crossing time at non‐signalized mid‐block street crossing
Authors: Zhao Yunan , Chen Qun , Qin Jin , Xue Xingjian 
Published: March 2017

SummaryAt non‐signalized mid‐block street crossings in China's cities, pedestrians often weave between motor vehicle flows. This paper investigated the influence patterns of the gender and age of pedestrians, the presence of a pedestrian group, vehicles' interference and the crossing direction on the crossing time at non‐signalized mid‐block street crossings in Changsha, China. The results show that the crossing speed is approximately 1–1.1 m/s; the crossing time increases with increasing age, and the crossing speed of a pedestrian will be quicker when the time gap between the pedestrian and the oncoming vehicle is smaller if he/she decides to cross. This paper also analyzed the crossing time pattern when pedestrians cross lane by lane and found that pedestrians spend the most time crossing the first lane and the least time crossing the middle lane, regardless of whether they are crossing from the curb to the central island or from the central island to the curb. The crossing speed is an important input to the design of pedestrian facilities, so these findings can be applied to the assessment of pedestrian crossing safety in China's cities and can provide a basis for the design of pedestrian crossing facilities. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gangliosides: Structures, Biosynthesis, Analysis, and Roles in Cancer
Authors: Groux‐Degroote Sophie , Guérardel Yann , Delannoy Philippe 
Published: March 2017

AbstractGangliosides are acidic glycosphingolipids containing one or more sialic acid residues. They are essential compounds at the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane, where they interact with phospholipids, cholesterol, and transmembrane proteins, forming lipid rafts. They are involved in cell adhesion, proliferation, and recognition processes, as well as in the modulation of signal transduction pathways. These functions are mainly governed by the glycan moiety, and changes in the structures of gangliosides occur under pathological conditions, particularly in neuro‐ectoderm‐derived cancers. With the progress in mass spectrometry analysis of gangliosides, their role in cancer progression can be now investigated in more detail. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the biosynthesis of gangliosides and their role in cancers, together with the recent development of cancer immunotherapy targeting gangliosides.
Outcome of implantation of a second self‐expanding valve for the treatment of residual significant aortic regurgitation
Authors: Koifman Edward , Patel Nirav , Weissman Gaby , Kiramijyan Sarkis , Didier Romain , Torguson Rebecca , Kumar Sandeep , Tavil‐Shatelyan Arpi , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Satler Lowell F. , Pichard Augusto D. , Waksman Ron 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundResidual aortic regurgitation (AR) following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is associated with adverse outcome. We sought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of second CoreValve (CV) implantation to treat residual AR following the initial CV deployment.Methods and ResultsTAVR patients treated with a second CV due to moderate and above residual AR were compared to single device implantation. Valvular function parameters were compared at baseline, post procedure, and 30 days. Among 172 CV TAVR patients, 11 required a second device (6%) due to significant residual AR. The main differences between the groups were higher rates of low ejection fraction in patients with 2 CV implanted and higher annular diameter (27 [29–25] vs. 25 [26–24] mm, P = 0.03), requiring a larger device. Although two patients in the two CV group had high initial implantation, low implantation was similar between the groups. A second CV achieved adequate reduction in residual AR in six patients (55%), while an additional four patients had moderate residual AR. Only one remained with moderate to severe AR after 30 days follow‐up. There were no cases of peri‐procedural stroke or mortality.ConclusionsSecond implantation of self‐expanding valve can successfully reduce residual significant AR following initial CV implantation and should be considered as therapeutic option for this population. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ischemic postconditioning during primary percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Mentias Amgad , Mahmoud Ahmed N. , Elgendy Islam Y. , Elgendy Akram Y. , Barakat Amr F. , Abuzaid A. Sami , Saad Marwan , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundAlthough some studies have shown potential benefit for ischemic postconditioning (IPoC) during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in improving surrogate markers of reperfusion and infarction size, the benefit of this approach on clinical outcomes remains unknown.Methods and ResultsElectronic databases were searched for randomized clinical trials that compared IPoC versus conventional treatment during primary PCI. Random effects DerSimonian‐Laird risk ratios (RR) were calculated for different clinical and surrogate outcomes. The main outcome of this analysis was all‐cause mortality. A total of 25 trials involving 3,619 patients were included in the analysis. At a mean follow up of 14 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 8.6–19.4 months), the incidence of all‐cause mortality was 4.9% [95% CI 3.8–6.0%] in the IPoC group versus 3.8% [95% CI 1.9–5.7%] in the control group (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.68–1.24, P = 0.74). The risk of reinfarction (2.7% [95% CI 1.1–4.3%] vs. 2.3% [0.6–4.0%]; RR 1.29, 95% CI 0.62–2.68, P = 0.72), heart failure (3.6% [95% CI 2.0–5.1%] vs. 5.7% [95% CI 3.3–8.2%]; RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.58–1.06, P = 0.24), target vessel revascularization (3.2% [95% CI 1.7–4.7%] vs. 2.4% [95% CI 1.4–3.3%]; RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.90–2.20, P = 0.20), and stent thrombosis (2.4% [95% CI 1.1–3.8%] vs. 1.8% [95% CI 0.5–3.2%]); RR 1.50, 95% CI 0.60–3.70, P = 0.40) was similar in both groups.ConclusionsIPoC does not appear to reduce the risk of clinical adverse events in patients with ST‐elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary PCI. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A multicenter study of the impella device for mechanical support of the systemic circulation in pediatric and adolescent patients
Authors: Dimas V. Vivian , Morray Brian H. , Kim Dennis W. , Almond Christopher S. , Shahanavaz Shabana , Tume Sebastian C. , Peng Lynn F. , McElhinney Doff B. , Justino Henri 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesThe objective was to review the use of Impella devices (Abiomed Inc, Danvers, MA) for temporary circulatory support in pediatric and adolescent patients (age ≤ 21 yrs).BackgroundOptions for minimally invasive circulatory support in children are limited, and published data are confined to case reports and small case series.MethodsThis was a retrospective, multicenter review of Impella implants in pediatric and adolescent patients from 2009‐15, using standardized data collection and INTERMACS definitions.ResultsA total of 39 implants were performed in 38 patients from 16 centers. Median age and weight were 16 yrs (4–21 yrs) and 62 kg (15–134 kg). The primary indication for implant was cardiogenic shock in 28 patients (72%). Cardiac allograft rejection, myocarditis, or cardiomyopathy were the underlying diagnosis in 23 patients (59%); 11 patients had congenital heart disease. The median duration of support was 45 hr (1–1224 hr). Indications for explant included ventricular recovery in 16 patients, transition to another device in 12, death in 5, and transplant in 1. Survival was 85% at 7 days and 68% at 30 days. Major adverse events occurred in 8 patients: hemolysis in 3, bleeding in 2, stroke in 1 (unclear if related to Impella), sepsis in 1, and critical leg ischemia in 1. An increase in aortic regurgitation was noted in three patients, with no evidence of valve injury.ConclusionTemporary circulatory support with Impella devices is feasible in pediatric and adolescent patients, with acceptable risk profiles. More experience and follow up is needed to improve technical performance and patient selection. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of hospital volume on long‐term neurological outcome in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting
Authors: Hung Chi‐Sheng , Yeh Chih‐Fan , Lin Mao‐Shin , Chen Ying‐Hsien , Huang Ching‐Chang , Li Hung‐Yuan , Kao Hsien‐Li 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundThe impact of hospital volume on long‐term outcome after carotid artery stenting (CAS) remains unknown.ObjectivesWe designed a nationwide cohort study to elucidate the impact of hospital volume on the incidence of stroke after CAS.MethodsThe Taiwan National Health Insurance Research database was used to identify all patients admitted for CAS from 2008 to 2012. We defined high‐volume hospitals as those performing more than 20 CAS per year. The primary outcome was new ischemic stroke after discharging from the index CAS. Propensity score‐matching was performed to create two matched groups for comparison.ResultsA total of 3,248 patients underwent 3,576 CAS procedures were enrolled. There were 56 hospitals performing CAS during the study period. Among these 3,248 patients, 2,226 (68.5%) were performed in high‐volume hospitals. A propensity score‐matching created two groups with 1,000 patients in each group. During a median of 2.06 years follow‐up, 35 (3.5%) and 52 (5.2%) patients in high‐volume hospitals and low‐volume hospitals developed new ischemic stroke 30 days after discharging from the index CAS, respectively (for low‐volume hospitals, HR 1.50, 95%CI 1.06–2.12, P = 0.023). The use of embolic protection device did not result in different periprocedural or postdischarge strokes. The periprocedural (within 30 days after CAS) ischemic stroke or all‐cause mortality rates during follow‐up period were similar between two groups.ConclusionsCAS performed in high‐volume hospitals was associated with less new ischemic stroke after discharging from the index CAS, compared to those in low‐volume hospitals. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Measurement of the Influence of the Microstructure of Alumina‐Supported Cobalt Catalysts on their Activity and Selectivity in Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis by using Steady‐State and Transient Kinetics
Authors: Rebmann Edouard , Fongarland Pascal , Lecocq Vincent , Diehl Fabrice , Schuurman Yves 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFive alumina‐supported Co catalysts with different particle sizes and structures were synthesized. The catalysts showed different activities during long‐term Fischer–Tropsch experiments. Steady‐state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) 12CO/H2→13CO/H2 experiments were performed during these long‐term runs. The number of active sites for CO adsorption and activation was estimated through the summation of all surface intermediates derived from the SSITKA results. Rather than comparing turnover frequencies, a kinetic analysis was performed. A simple kinetic rate equation based on the in situ number of active sites described the steady‐state CO conversion over the five catalysts adequately. Thus the difference in the catalytic performance could not be attributed to a difference in particle size, phase orientation (face‐centered cubic or hexagonal close packed), or Pt‐promotion effect but instead was only because of the number of reduced Co atoms exposed during the reaction. Similarly, the selectivity depended on the CO conversion level and temperature and not on the catalyst structure.
Production of Gasoline Fuel from Alga‐Derived Botryococcene by Hydrogenolysis over Ceria‐Supported Ruthenium Catalyst
Authors: Nakaji Yosuke , Oya Shin‐ichi , Watanabe Hideo , Watanabe Makoto M. , Nakagawa Yoshinao , Tamura Masazumi , Tomishige Keiichi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractHydrogenolysis of hydrogenated botryococcene (Hy‐Bot) was conducted over various supported Ru catalysts, Ir/SiO2, and Pt/SiO2–Al2O3. Ru/CeO2 with very high dispersion showed the highest yield (70 %) of gasoline‐range (C5–C12) alkanes at 513 K. The main gasoline‐range products were dimethylalkanes. This yield is comparable to or higher than the gasoline yields from botryococcene in the literature, which were obtained at much higher temperature. Ir/SiO2 also showed a high fuel yield, but the activity was much lower than that with the Ru catalysts. The reaction over Pt/SiO2–Al2O3 slowed down before total conversion of Hy‐Bot was achieved. Ru/CeO2 was stable in the hydrogenolysis of Hy‐Bot without loss of activity and selectivity during reuses. The carbon balance was low for the hydrogenolysis of Hy‐Bot over all catalysts if the main products are heavy hydrocarbons, whereas for the hydrogenolysis of squalane the carbon balance was kept near 100 %. 1H NMR spectra of the product mixture and thermogravimetric analyses of the product mixture and the recovered catalyst revealed that the formation of aromatic compounds, polymeric products, and coke was negligible for the carbon balance. In a model reaction using substrate compounds with a substructure of Hy‐Bot, only 2,5‐dimethylhexane, which has a C6 chain with two Cprimary−Ctertiary bonds, produced a cyclic product, 1,4‐dimethylcyclohexane, which has a higher boiling point than the substrate. This dehydrocyclization reaction makes the product distribution in the hydrogenolysis of Hy‐Bot more complex.
Direct Synthesis of Ultrasmall Ruthenium Nanoparticles on Porous Supports Using Natural Sources for Highly Efficient and Selective Furfural Hydrogenation
Authors: Zhang Zhanrong , Song Jinliang , Jiang Zhiwei , Meng Qinglei , Zhang Pei , Han Buxing 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe synthesis of noble‐metal nanoparticles (NPs) with ultrasmall particle sizes (<2 nm) is crucially important but challenging. Making use of the unique structure of natural sources for the preparation of functional materials is an attractive topic. By taking advantage of the coordination effect between polyphenols and metal ions, we report a straightforward strategy for the synthesis of porous heterogeneous catalysts containing ultrasmall Ru NPs. These catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation of furfural. We envisage that this strategy will find a broad range of applications in the near future.
Membrane‐Supported Multichannel Microfluidic Solvent Extraction System
Authors: Prechtl Carolin , Kraut Manfred , Franzreb Matthias , Brenner-Weiß Gerald , Dittmeyer Roland 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAlthough microfluidic solvent extraction (µSX) is a recent field in separation, its application is still limited to single‐channel microfluidic devices. However, the industrial application of microheat exchangers has already proven that parallelization of microchannels is an important tool to increase the specific device efficiency. Hence, in this study, a multichannel system for µSX is introduced. As a model process, D,L‐5‐phenylhydantoin was extracted from ethyl acetate into aqueous buffer. By means of different experimental setups, the potential and limitations of membrane‐supported multichannel µSX were investigated. The reactor dimensions perpendicular to flow and transmembrane mass transport are the most challenging factors for the introduced device.
Sulfur‐Doped Porphyrinic Carbon Nanostructures Synthesized with Amorphous MoS2 for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction in an Acidic Medium
Authors: Park Hyun‐Suk , Han Sang‐Beom , Kwak Da‐Hee , Lee Gyu‐Ho , Choi In‐Ae , Kim Do‐Hyoung , Ma Kyeng‐Bae , Kim Min‐Cheol , Kwon Hye‐Jin , Park Kyung‐Won 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTo develop doped carbon nanostructures as non‐precious metal cathode catalysts, nanocomposites were synthesized by using SBA‐15 and 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐methoxyphenyl)porphyrin–iron(III) chloride with different ratios of amorphous MoS2 precursor. From various analyses, it was found that, during pyrolysis at 900 °C under an N2 atmosphere, the amorphous MoS2 precursor decomposed into Mo and S, facilitating the formation of graphene sheet‐like carbon with MoC and doping of sulfur in the carbon. In the nanocomposite formed from 10 wt % MoS2 precursor (denoted as Mo/S/PC‐10), most of the MoS2 was decomposed, thus forming S‐doped carbon, which was grown on the MoC phase without crystalline MoS2. Furthermore, Mo/S/PC‐10 exhibited better performance in the oxygen reduction reaction (specific activity of 1.23 mA cm−2 at 0.9 V and half‐wave potential of 0.864 V) than a commercial Pt catalyst, owing to a heteroatom‐doped carbon nanostructure with a fairly high specific surface area. In the polarization curve of the unit‐cell performance measured at 80 °C under ambient pressure, Mo/S/PC‐10 as a cathode catalyst exhibited an optimal power density of 314 mW cm−2 and a current density of 280 mA cm−2 at 0.6 V.