bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding of indocyanine green in polycaprolactone fibers using blend electrospinning for in vivo laser‐assisted vascular anastomosis
Authors: Schönfeld Annemarie , Kabra Zacharia Mbäıdjol , Constantinescu Mihai , Bosshardt Dieter , Stoffel Michael H. , Peters Kirsten , Frenz Martin 
Published: July 2017

Background and ObjectiveThe clinical application of laser‐assisted vascular anastomosis is afflicted by unreliable and low bonding strengths as well as tedious handling during microvascular surgery. The challenge to be met arises from the flow‐off of the chromophore during soldering that changes the absorption and stains the surrounding tissue, leading to an uncontrollable thermal damage zone. In this study, we investigated the feasibility to produce an indocyanine green (ICG)‐loaded patch by electrospinning and tested its applicability to both in vitro and in vivo microvascular laser soldering.Materials and MethodsA blend of polycaprolactone and ICG was electrospun to produce a pliable patch. Prior to soldering, the patch was soaked in 40% wt. bovine serum albumin solution. The solder patch was wrapped in vitro around blood vessel stumps of rabbit aortas. An intraluminal balloon catheter enabled an easy alignment and held the setup in place. The soldering energy was delivered via a diffusor fiber from the vessel lumen using a diode laser at 810 nm. During the procedure, the surface temperature was observed with an infrared camera. Afterward, samples were embedded in methylmethacrylate and epon to study thermal damage. The quality of the fusion was assessed by measuring the tensile strength. After in vitro tests with rabbit aortas, eight large white pigs were subjected to an acute in vivo experiment, and the artery of the latissimus dorsi flap was anastomosed to the distal femoral artery.ResultsThe ICG‐loaded patch, produced by electrospinning, has a thickness of 279 ± 62 μm, a fiber diameter of 1.20 ± 0.19 μm, and an attenuation coefficient of 1,119 ± 183 cm−1 at a wavelength of 790 nm. The patch was pliable and easy to handle during surgery. No leakage of the chromophore was observed. Thermal damage was restricted to the Tunica adventitia and Tunica media and the area of the vessel wall that was covered with the patch. Six pigs were successfully treated, without any bleeding and with a continuous blood flow. The in vivo flap model yielded a similar tensile strength compared to in vitro laser‐assisted vascular anastomoses (138 ± 52 vs. 117 ± 30 mN/mm2).ConclusionOur study demonstrated the applicability of the ICG‐loaded patch for laser‐assisted vascular anastomosis. By using electrospinning, ICG could be bound to polymer fibers, avoiding its flow‐off and the staining of the surrounding tissue. This patch demonstrated several advantages over liquid solder as it was easier to apply, ensured a high and reliable bonding strength while maintaining a constant concentration of ICG concentration during the surgery. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:928–939, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A case study on the sensitivity of downstream development to typhoon intensity and its initial location
Authors: Chen H. , Wang K. , Wang J. M. , Zhang X. T. , Wang Y. F. , Wang W. L. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, the sensitivity of downstream baroclinic development to a tropical cyclone's (TC's) intensity and its initial location relative to the upstream trough during the extratropical transition (ET) of Typhoon Malakas were examined. The downstream development intensity at the mid‐latitudes was mainly determined by two factors under the effect of ET, i.e. the strength of transporting low potential vorticity (PV) air downstream by the TC outflow and the strength of the PV gradient being disturbed in the mid‐latitude jet. The intensified TC had a stronger upper‐level outflow, and the intensified circulations associated with it could disturb the mid‐latitude PV gradient more strongly. Therefore, downstream development intensified, i.e. the trough‐ridge became more pronounced, and the jet became stronger. Downstream development seemed to be more sensitive to the TC location than its intensity. The TC, being closer to the trough, interacted with the mid‐latitude flow more strongly because the trough advanced and strengthened the process that the TC outflow transported low PV air to the mid‐latitudes in this situation. Moreover, the TC disturbed the PV gradient earlier and more strongly. The two effects intensified the downstream development. If the TC were weakened or moved away from the upstream trough, the outcome would be the opposite.
Output tracking of stochastic nonlinear systems with unstable linearization
Authors: Li Wuquan , Liu Lu , Feng Gang 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThis paper studies the output tracking problem for a class of stochastic nonlinear systems whose linearization parts may have unstable modes via output‐feedback control. This is in contrast with most of the existing results where only state‐feedback control is considered. On the basis of the homogeneous domination technique, an output tracking controller is designed. It is shown that the expectation of tracking error can be made arbitrarily small while all the states of the closed‐loop system remain to be bounded in probability. Finally, a simulation example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the tracking controller.
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Interleukin-6 Promotes Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition and Acquisition of Epithelial Stem-Like Cell Properties in Ameloblastoma Epithelial Cells
Authors: Jiang Chunmiao , Zhang Qunzhou , Shanti Rabie M. , Shi Shihong , Chang Ting-Han , Carrasco Lee , Alawi Faizan , Le Anh D. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a biological process associated with cancer stem-like or cancer-initiating cell formation, contributes to the invasiveness, metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence of the malignant tumors; it remains to be determined whether similar processes contribute to the pathogenesis and progression of ameloblastoma (AM), a benign but locally invasive odontogenic neoplasm. Here, we demonstrated that EMT- and stem cell-related genes were expressed in the epithelial islands of the most common histologic variant subtype, the follicular AM. Our results revealed elevated interleukin (IL)-6 signals that were differentially expressed in the stromal compartment of the follicular AM. To explore the stromal effect on tumor pathogenesis, we isolated and characterized both mesenchymal stromal cells (AM-MSCs) and epithelial cells (AM-EpiCs) from follicular AM and demonstrated that, in in vitro culture, AM-MSCs secreted a significantly higher level of IL-6 as compared to the counterpart AM-EpiCs. Furthermore, both in vitro and in vivo studies revealed that exogenous and AM-MSC-derived IL-6 induced the expression of EMT- and stem cell-related genes in AM-EpiCs, whereas such effects were significantly abrogated either by a specific inhibitor of STAT3 or ERK1/2, or by knockdown of Slug gene expression. These findings suggest that AM-MSC-derived IL-6 promotes tumor-stem like cell formation by inducing EMT process in AM-EpiCs through STAT3 and ERK1/2-mediated signaling pathways, implying a role in the etiology and progression of the benign but locally invasive neoplasm.
Posterior dopamine D2/3 receptors and brain network functional connectivity
Authors: Nagano‐Saito Atsuko , Lissemore Jennifer I. , Gravel Paul , Leyton Marco , Carbonell Felix , Benkelfat Chawki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent studies suggest that dopaminergic tone influences resting state activity in multiple brain networks. Although dopamine receptors and transporters have been identified in the posteromedial and parietal cortices, which are linked to functional networks such as the default mode network (DMN), the relationship between dopamine receptor distribution in these posterior regions and resting‐state connectivity has yet to be explored. Here, we used a multi‐modal neuroimaging strategy, combining resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rsfMRI) and [18 F]‐fallypride high‐resolution positron emission tomography (PET), to examine the association between within‐network functional connectivity and the dopamine D2/3 receptor distribution in the posterior portion of the brain in 13 healthy adults. Our results indicate that the posterior distribution of D2/3 receptors coincides primarily with the posterior portion of the DMN. Furthermore, in the posterior portion of the brain, the level of [18 F]‐fallypride binding in the posteromedial cortex correlated positively with the functional connectivity strength of the DMN and sensorimotor network, and negatively with the functional connectivity strength of the dorsal attention network, the salience network, and a network that included the anterior part of the temporo‐parietal junction. On the basis of these findings, we propose that posterior brain dopamine influences the configuration of the posterior DMN and several other functional brain networks. The posterior distribution of D2/3 receptors binding (hot colour spectrum) coincides with the functional connectivity of the posterior portion of the default mode network (green colour spectrum). The mean BPND in a posteromedial cortex and the mean ICA‐Z score in the precuneus showed significant positive correlation.
Paternal Incarceration and Adolescent Social Network Disadvantage
Authors: Bryan Brielle 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Previous research has suggested that adolescent peers influence behavior and provide social support during a critical developmental period, but few studies have addressed the antecedents of adolescent social networks. Research on the collateral consequences of incarceration has explored the implications of parental incarceration for children’s behavioral problems, academic achievement, health, and housing stability, but not their social networks. Using network data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, I find that adolescents with recently incarcerated fathers are in socially marginal positions in their schools and befriend more-marginal peers than other adolescents: their friends are less advantaged, less academically successful, and more delinquent than other adolescents’ friends. Differences in network outcomes are robust to a variety of specifications and are consistent across race and gender subgroups. This study advances the social networks literature by exploring how familial characteristics can shape adolescent social networks and contributes to the collateral consequences of incarceration literature by using network analysis to consider how mass incarceration may promote intergenerational social marginalization.
Sex‐dependent difference in the relationship between adipose‐tissue cholesterol efflux and estradiol concentrations in young healthy humans
Authors: Iqbal Fatima , Durham William J. , Melhem Ayyash , Raslan Saleem , Tran Tony T. , Wright Traver J. , Asghar Rabia , Fujise Ken , Volpi Elena , Sidossis Labros , Abate Nicola , Sheffield‐Moore Melinda , Tuvdendorj Demidmaa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundImpaired adipose tissue function and lower levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) have been implicated in the development of vascular dementia, and metabolic diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes (T2D) and metabolic syndrome. Interestingly, both the substrate fluxes in adipose tissue and HDL‐C concentration differ between men and women. Moreover, adipose tissue cholesterol efflux has been implicated in modulation of HDL‐C levels. Thus, we aimed to determine if the association between serum estradiol levels and adipose tissue cholesterol efflux is sex‐dependent.MethodWe evaluated the serum estradiol levels and adipose tissue cholesterol efflux in young healthy men (n = 5) and women (n = 3). Adipose tissue cholesterol efflux was determined using subcutaneous microdialysis probes. Linear regression analyses were used to determine the relationship between the parameters,p< 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.ResultsOur data demonstrated that serum estradiol levels directly associated with adipose tissue cholesterol efflux; however, the relationships may be sex‐dependent. We discussed our results in the context of currently available data regarding sex‐dependent variability in adipose tissue function and HDL‐C metabolism as a potential contributor to higher rates of vascular dementia in men. Further research is required to understand the sex‐dependent and −independent variabilities in adipose tissue metabolism to determine novel targets for interventions to prevent the development of vascular dementia.
Shakespeare's Two Playhouses
Authors: Dustagheer Sarah 
Published: July 2017

In what ways did playwrights like Shakespeare respond to the two urban locations of the Globe and the Blackfriars? What was the effect of their different acoustic and visual experiences on actors and audiences? What did the labels &apos;public&apos; for the Globe and &apos;private&apos; for the Blackfriars, actually mean in practice? Sarah Dustagheer offers the first in-depth, comparative analysis of the performance conditions of the two sites. This engaging study examines how the social, urban, sensory and historical characteristics of these playhouses affected dramatists, audiences and actors. Each chapter provides new interpretations of seminal King&apos;s Men&apos;s works written as the company began to perform in both settings, including The Alchemist, The Tempest and Henry VIII. Presenting a rich and compelling account of the two early modern theatres, the book also suggests fresh insights into recent contemporary productions at Shakespeare&apos;s Globe, London and the new Sam Wanamaker Playhouse.
QING MILITARY INSTITUTIONS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON GOVERNMENT, ECONOMY, AND SOCIETY, 1640–1800
Authors: Dai Yingcong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article underscores the impact of the Qing dynasty’s war making capacity and organization on non-military areas. Following a brief account of the Qing military establishment and its major operations in the first half of the dynasty,i.e., 1640–1800, it explores several important examples of how Qing military institutions interacted with the civil bureaucracy and society at large. First, through the practice of appointing officials across the divide between the civil and military bureaucracies, military personnel penetrated into the domain of the civil state apparatus, quietly transforming the Qing government’s makeup. Second, Qing military costs deeply influenced the distribution of dynastic financial resources and general administration at all levels. Finally, the Qing’s wartime logistical system engaged both the civil bureaucracy and society, opening many opportunities for both civil bureaucracy personnel and the private sector, which in turn re-shaped the local socio-economic landscape.
Effects of dietary supplementation with a mixed blueberry and grape extract on working memory in aged beagle dogs
Authors: Fragua V. , Lepoudère A. , Leray V. , Baron C. , Araujo J. A. , Nguyen P. , Milgram N. W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCellular oxidative damage is thought to be one of the key mechanisms underlying age-related cognitive impairment in dogs. Several nutritional interventions to limit cognitive decline are reported in the literature. To our knowledge, the association of grape and blueberry extracts has never been tested in aged dogs. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of a polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry (PEGB) on oxidative status and cognitive performances in aged dogs. A total of thirty-five beagle dogs (aged 8·0–14·5 years) were fed a basal diet with PEGB at either 0 parts per million (ppm) (n 11; control), 240 ppm (n 12; PEGB1) or 480 ppm (n 12; PEGB2) for 75 d. To investigate the effects of PEGB supplementation on cognition and oxidative status, a delayed non-matching to position (DNMP) test and RT-PCR on genes involved in oxidative stress were evaluated. The dogs fed PEGB1 showed a higher superoxide dismutase mRNA expression compared with dogs fed PEGB2 (P = 0·042) and with the control group (P = 0·014). Moreover, the dogs fed PEGB2 showed higher nuclear factor-like 2 (Nrf2) mRNA expression compared with the dogs fed PEGB1 (P = 0·027). Concerning the DNMP test, the proportion of dogs showing cognitive improvements relative to their baseline level was significantly higher in dogs fed the PEGB, regardless of the dosage, than in dogs receiving no supplementation (P = 0·030). The results obtained in the DNMP test suggested a potential benefit of the PEGB on working memory. However, this hypothesis should be further investigated to confirm this cognitive effect.
Social influence on 5-year survival in a longitudinal chemotherapy ward co-presence network
Authors: LIENERT JEFFREY , MARCUM CHRISTOPHER STEVEN , FINNEY JOHN , REED-TSOCHAS FELIX , KOEHLY LAURA 
Published: July 2017

AbstractChemotherapy is often administered in openly designed hospital wards, where the possibility of patient–patient social influence on health exists. Previous research found that social relationships influence cancer patient's health; however, we have yet to understand social influence among patients receiving chemotherapy in the hospital. We investigate the influence of co-presence in a chemotherapy ward. We use data on 4,691 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom who average 59.8 years of age, and 44% are Male. We construct a network of patients where edges exist when patients are co-present in the ward, weighted by both patients' time in the ward. Social influence is based on total weighted co-presence with focal patients' immediate neighbors, considering neighbors' 5-year mortality. Generalized estimating equations evaluated the effect of neighbors' 5-year mortality on focal patient's 5-year mortality. Each 1,000-unit increase in weighted co-presence with a patient who dies within 5 years increases a patient's mortality odds by 42% (β = 0.357, CI:0.204,0.510). Each 1,000-unit increase in co-presence with a patient surviving 5 years reduces a patient's odds of dying by 30% (β =−0.344, CI:−0.538,0.149). Our results suggest that social influence occurs in chemotherapy wards, and thus may need to be considered in chemotherapy delivery.
CUSTOM AS LAW IN ENGLISH LAW
Authors: Duxbury Neil 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article considers prescription as a customary standard of legal validity which enables judges to identify certain customs as law even though the status of those customs as law cannot be ascribed to a law-making authority. Although claims as to customs having prescribed are often bound up with claims as to the quality (as opposed to the validity) of custom as law, prescribed custom is properly conceived to be a feature of the rule of recognition – a criterion by which a court can identify, and declare, a custom as already existing law as distinct from both custom without the force of law and custom turned into positive law.
UNDERSTANDING ULTERIOR MENS REA: FUTURE CONDUCT INTENTION IS CONDITIONAL INTENTION
Authors: Child John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhere criminal offences such as attempt and conspiracy require a defendant (D) to intend future conduct, D's intention will always be conditional. D's intention may be explicitly conditional (e.g. D intends to rob the shop, but only if unable to pay her rent), or implicitly conditional (e.g. D intends to rob the shop, but if asked, would not do so if she found it surrounded by police). Rather than interpreting and defining conditional intention as synonymous with all future conduct intention, however, courts and commentators have too often approached it as unique, separate and problematic. This has led to problems of inconsistency in application, and simple incoherence. This article sets out and defends a model of conditional intention as future conduct intention, and as the key to understanding and applying ulterior mens rea.
Multilocus sequence typing and clonal population genetic structure ofCyclospora cayetanensisin humans
Authors: LI JUNQIANG , CHANG YANKAI , SHI KE , WANG RONGJUN , FU KANDA , LI SHAN , XU JINLING , JIA LITING , GUO ZHENXIN , ZHANG LONGXIAN 
Published: July 2017

SUMMARYTo investigate the prevalence ofCyclospora cayetanensisin a longitudinal study and to conduct a population genetic analysis, fecal specimens from 6579 patients were collected during the cyclosporiasis – prevalent seasons in two urban areas of central China in 2011–2015. The overall incidence ofC. cayetanensisinfection was 1·2% (76/6579): 1·6% (50/3173) in Zhengzhou and 0·8% (26/3406) in Kaifeng (P< 0·05), with infections in all age groups (P> 0·05). All the isolates clustered in theC. cayetanensisclade based on the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequence phylogenetic analysis. There were 45 specimens positive for all the fiveC. cayetanensismicrosatellite loci, and formed 29 multilocus genotypes (MLGs). The phylogenetic relationships of 54 distinct MLGs (including 25 known reference MLGs), based on the concatenated multilocus sequences, formed three main clusters. A population structure analysis showed that the 79 isolates (including 34 known reference isolates) ofC. cayetanensisproduced three distinct subpopulations based on allelic profile data. In conclusion, we determined the frequency ofC. cayetanensisinfection in humans in Henan Province. The clonal population structure of the humanC. cayetanensis isolates showed linkage disequilibrium and three distinct subpopulations.
Adipocyte adaptive immunity mediates diet-induced adipose inflammation and insulin resistance by decreasing adipose Treg cells
Authors: Deng Tuo , Liu Joey , Deng Yanru , Minze Laurie , Xiao Xiang , Wright Valerie , Yu Richeng , Li Xian C. , Blaszczak Alecia , Bergin Stephen , DiSilvestro David , Judd Ryan , Bradley David , Caligiuri Michael , Lyon Christopher J. , Hsueh Willa A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObesity leads to a switch in subsets of CD4+ T cell in adipose tissue, characterized by an increase in IFNγ producing Th1 cells and a decrease in anti-inflammatory regulatory T (Treg) cells, which impairs systemic insulin sensitivity. What signals these changes is unknown. Herein we demonstrate that genetic deficiency of adipocyte MHCII decreases adipose IFNγ expression and increases adipose Treg abundance in obese mice, leading to reduced obesity-induced adipose inflammation and reduced insulin resistance without affecting weight gain. The preserved insulin sensitivity of high fat diet (HFD)-fed adipocyte-specific MHCII knockout (aMHCII−/−) mice was substantially attenuated by adipose-specific Treg ablation. Adipocytes of aMHCII−/− mice exhibit decreased capacity to stimulate IFNγ production in Th1 cells, whereas HFD-fed IFNγR1−/− mice were more insulin sensitive and had similarly high levels of Tregs in adipose tissue as aMHCII−/− mice. We further show that IFNγ strongly inhibits IL-33 effects to promote adipose Treg proliferation. Our results identify MHCII in adipocyte as a critical determinant of the obesity-induced adipose T cell subset switch and insulin resistance.