bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Derzeitiger Stand der elektronischen „kontinuierlichen“ Augendruckmessung
Authors: Faschinger C. 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungDer intraokulare Druck (IOD) wird üblicherweise punktuell und meist 1-mal, selten mehrmals, während der Ordinationszeiten im Sitzen mit unterschiedlichen Geräten gemessen. Für Diagnostik, Progressionsbeurteilung und Therapieentscheidung bei Glaukomen kann dies zu wenig sein, da der IOD kein statischer Messwert ist, sondern über kurze und lange Zeitabschnitte unterschiedlich hohen Schwankungen (Fluktuationen) unterliegt. Deshalb ist der Wunsch nach häufigerer oder sogar kontinuierlicher Messung gerechtfertigt. Dies kann mit Selbsttonometern erfolgen (wird in dieser Übersicht nicht diskutiert) oder mittels elektronischer Hilfsmittel wie Sensoren im Auge (invasiv; in Intraokularlinse, im Sulcus ciliaris, auf der Iris, in der Hinter- oder Vorderkammer, suprachorioidal oder subkonjuktival) bzw. auf dem Auge (nicht invasiv; Sensorkontaktlinse) verwirklicht werden. Trotz zahlreicher technischer Errungenschaften und Miniaturisierungen gibt es noch keine routinemäßig anwendbare kontinuierliche Messtechnik (weder invasiv noch nicht invasiv), die Entwicklung dahin ist jedoch bereits weit fortgeschritten.
Gonioskopie – wozu, weshalb, warum?
Authors: Unterlauft J. 
Published: January 2017

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die Gonioskopie dient der Untersuchung des Kammerwinkels und der hier vorhandenen Strukturen. Die Gonioskopie kann mittels Kontaktglas an der Spaltlampe oder beim liegenden Patienten mithilfe einer Kontaktlinse durchgeführt werden. Wegen der totalen inneren Reflexion der Hornhaut wäre der Kammerwinkel ansonsten im gesunden Auge nicht einzusehen. Die Gonioskopie wird im klinischen Alltag aus Zeitgründen häufig vernachlässigt, kann aber in vielen Fällen zusätzliche Informationen liefern.
Material und Methoden Ziel ist es, einen Überblick über die diagnostischen Möglichkeiten der Gonioskopie zu geben und die Wichtigkeit dieser relativ einfachen Methode verständlich darzustellen.
Ergebnisse Neben den historischen Hintergründen zur Entwicklung der Gonioskopie werden die geeigneten Hilfsmittel, die korrekte Durchführung der Gonioskopie an der Spaltlampe und die am häufigsten eingesetzten Einteilungssysteme beschrieben. Darüber hinaus werden ein Überblick über sichtbare pathologische Veränderungen im Kammerwinkel sowie ein Ausblick über zukünftige Entwicklungen auf dem Gebiet der Gonioskopie gegeben.
Schlussfolgerungen Die Gonioskopie kann viele zusätzliche Informationen liefern, die mittels Spaltlampenuntersuchung und Ophthalmoskopie allein nicht erhoben werden könnten. Bisher konnte keine entwickelte apparative Untersuchung die Gonioskopie vollständig ersetzen. Die Gonioskopie bleibt daher ein wichtiger Teil der vollständigen ophthalmologischen Untersuchung und sollte von jedem Augenarzt erlernt, beherrscht und regelmäßig angewendet werden.
Epidemiology of Cryptococcosis and Cryptococcal Meningitis in a Large Retrospective Cohort of Patients After Solid Organ Transplantation
Authors: George Ige A. , Santos Carlos A. Q. , Olsen Margaret A. , Powderly William G. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
Cryptococcosis is the third most common invasive fungal infection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. There are no nationally representative data describing the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of cryptococcosis after SOT.

Methods
We assembled a large cohort of adult SOT recipients using Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification billing data from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project State Inpatient Databases of Florida (2006–2012), New York (2006–2011), and California (2004–2010). Demographics, comorbidities, death, and cryptococcal infections coded during hospitalization were identified.

Results
A total of 42634 adults with SOT were identified during the study period. Cryptococcal disease was identified in 0.37% (n = 158), 44% of which had meningitis (n = 69). Median time to diagnosis of cryptococcosis was 464 days (range, 4–2393). The median time to onset of cryptococcosis was earlier for lung (191 days; range, 7.5–1816), heart (195 days; range, 4–1061), and liver (200 days; range, 4–1581) compared with kidney transplant recipients (616 days; range, 12–2393; P &lt; .001, log rank test). Very early-onset disease (&lt;30 days after transplantation) more frequently occurred in liver and lung transplant recipients. Lung transplant recipients had the highest risk of cryptococcosis (hazard ratio [HR], 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21–3.60). Cryptococcosis was associated with death (HR, 2.29; 95% CI, 1.68–3.11), after adjusting for age, type of SOT, and other comorbidities.

Conclusions
Cryptococcosis is rare after SOT, but it is associated with significantly increased risk of death. Lung transplant recipients are at highest risk for cryptococcosis among SOTs. Nonkidney transplants have earlier onset of cryptococcosis and higher risk of death compared with kidney transplant recipients.
Does a Platelet Transfusion Independently Affect Bleeding and Adverse Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery?
Authors: van Hout Fabienne M. A. , Hogervorst Esther K. , Rosseel Peter M. J. , van der Bom Johanna G. , Bentala Mohamed , van Dorp Eveline L. A. , van Geloven Nan , Brand Anneke , van der Meer Nardo J. M. , van de Watering Leo M. G. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background
Conflicting results have been reported concerning the effect of platelet transfusion on several outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the independent effect of a single early intraoperative platelet transfusion on bleeding and adverse outcomes in cardiac surgery patients.

Methods
For this observational study, 23,860 cardiac surgery patients were analyzed. Patients who received one early (shortly after cardiopulmonary bypass while still in the operating room) platelet transfusion, and no other transfusions, were defined as the intervention group. By matching the intervention group 1:3 to patients who received no early transfusion with most comparable propensity scores, the reference group was identified.

Results
The intervention group comprised 169 patients and the reference group 507. No difference between the groups was observed concerning reinterventions, thromboembolic complications, infections, organ failure, and mortality. However, patients in the intervention group experienced less blood loss and required vasoactive medication 139 of 169 (82%) versus 370 of 507 (74%; odds ratio, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.05 to 2.58), prolonged mechanical ventilation 92 of 169 (54%) versus 226 of 507 (45%; odds ratio, 1.47; 94% CI, 1.03 to 2.11), prolonged intensive care 95 of 169 (56%) versus 240 of 507 (46%; odds ratio, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.04 to 2.12), erythrocytes 75 of 169 (44%) versus 145 of 507 (34%; odds ratio, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.08 to 2.23), plasma 29 of 169 (17%) versus 23 of 507 (7.3%; odds ratio, 2.63; 95% CI, 1.50–4.63), and platelets 72 of 169 (43%) versus 25 of 507 (4.3%; odds ratio, 16.4; 95% CI, 9.3–28.9) more often compared to the reference group.

Conclusions
In this retrospective analysis, cardiac surgery patients receiving platelet transfusion in the operating room experienced less blood loss and more often required vasoactive medication, prolonged ventilation, prolonged intensive care, and blood products postoperatively. However, early platelet transfusion was not associated with reinterventions, thromboembolic complications, infections, organ failure, or mortality.
Income, Family Context, and Self-Regulation in 5-Year-Old Children
Authors: Li Mengying , Riis Jenna L. , Ghazarian Sharon R. , Johnson Sara B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
Self-regulation (SR) is a core aspect of child development with enduring effects on health and wellbeing across the lifespan. Early childhood poverty may shape SR development. This study examined the cross-sectional relationship among family income, family context, and SR in 5-year-old children.

Methods:
A total of 140 five-year-old children and their mothers participated in the study. Children completed a battery of SR tasks; mothers completed questionnaires. Cognitive and emotional SR composite scores were generated based on a principal component analysis of the SR tasks. The SR scores were first regressed on family income (in 10 levels ranging from <5000 to 150,000+) adjusting for age, sex, and race of the child; family context variables were subsequently added to the models.

Results:
Controlling for age, sex, and race, each level increase in family income was associated with 0.04 SD increase in emotional SR (p = .32) and 0.08 SD increase in cognitive SR (p = .01). In fully adjusted models, exposure to household instability and experiencing 10 or more negative life events was associated with worse emotional SR; exposure to mother's depressive symptoms was associated with worse cognitive SR. Higher income buffered children's SR from some contextual risk factors. Family contextual variables explained 62% of the correlation between higher income and better cognitive SR scores.

Conclusion:
Income-based cognitive SR disparities were associated with family contextual factors. Screening for family adversity in pediatric care and linking families to needed resources may protect children's developing SR capacities, with benefits to health and well-being.
PARACENTRAL ACUTE MIDDLE MACULOPATHY ASSOCIATED WITH POSTVIRAL PURTSCHER-LIKE RETINOPATHY
Authors: Shahlaee Abtin , Sridhar Jayanth , Rahimy Ehsan , Shieh Wendy S. , Ho Allen C. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To report the imaging findings of a single case of paracentral acute middle maculopathy associated with bilateral Purtscher-like retinopathy in the setting of recent viral illness.

Methods:
Case report, multimodal imaging.

Results:
A 21-year-old woman who awoke with sudden-onset bilateral finger count vision in the setting of a recent viral illness. Initial examination and imaging was consistent with a bilateral Purtscher-like retinopathy with evidence of paracentral acute middle maculopathy and ellipsoid zone thickening and hyperreflectivity on spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). Baseline fluorescein angiography and OCT angiography revealed normal perfusion and flow, respectively. All laboratory investigation was negative for possible causative etiology. The patient was followed for 6 months with steady visual improvement to 20/20 in both eyes. En face OCT demonstrated near-complete restoration of the ellipsoid layer. The patient still noted bilateral scotomas which were mapped out on microperimetry and found to correlate to en face OCT findings.

Conclusion:
Purtscher-like retinopathy in the setting of recent viral illness is a rare cause of vision loss that may be associated with the finding of paracentral acute middle maculopathy on spectral domain OCT. Despite poor presenting vision, in the presence of normal perfusion near total visual recovery is possible.
NOVEL TECHNIQUE FOR SUBRETINAL FLUID DRAINAGE WITH CHANDELIER-ASSISTED SCLERAL BUCKLE SURGERY: CANNULA-CONTROLLED DRAINAGE
Authors: Al-Abdullah Abdulelah A. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose:
To report a novel technique for subretinal fluid drainage in scleral buckle surgery.

Methods:
A 26-gauge intravenous cannula with its needle was used to puncture the sclera; then, the needle (metallic part) was withdrawn to further introduce the cannula into the subretinal space. In addition, we describe using the 25-gauge microcannula of the chandelier light to inject the balanced salt solution to help restore the intraocular pressure and push the subretinal fluid through the intravenous cannula under direct visualization.

Results:
An 82-year-old gentleman with chronic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with subretinal bands who was at a high risk for intraoperative bleeding since he was on dual antiplatelet therapy. He underwent chandelier light–assisted scleral buckle with subretinal fluid drainage using cannula controlled drainage, which resulted in complete intraoperative subretinal fluid drainage with no complications and successful flattening of the retina in the postoperative follow-up.

Conclusion:
Subretinal fluid drainage using this technique with chandelier-assisted scleral buckle surgery is a new method which might improve the safety profile of subretinal fluid drainage during scleral buckle surgery.
Granulicatella adiacens Vertebral Osteomyelitis
Authors: Sandhu Rikinder , Gupta Nupur , Walsh Thomas L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Nutritionally variant streptococci (NVS) are gram-positive cocci that are classified into 2 genera, Abiotrophia and Granulicatella. They are normal flora of the upper respiratory, urogenital, and gastrointestinal tracts of humans and are rare causes of infections. When NVS do lead to a disease in humans, they tend to cause bacteremia and infective endocarditis. We report the case of a patient who developed Granulicatella adiacens vertebral osteomyelitis. It is the eighth reported case of NVS vertebral osteomyelitis in the literature and represents the first case of Granulicatella vertebral osteomyelitis in a patient without concomitant bacteremia. We review the literature about reported cases of NVS vertebral osteomyelitis.
Mechanistic insights from combining genomics with metabolomics
Authors: Drenos Fotios 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
Metabolomics directly measure substrates and products of biological processes and pathways. Based on instrumentation and throughput advances, the use of metabolomics has only recently become feasible at the population level. This has led to an intense interest in using the new information in combination with genomics, and other omics technologies, to give biological context to the rapidly accumulating associations between genes and diseases or their risk factors.

Recent findings
The use of metabolomics-genomic associations for the metabolic characterization of genes of interest has confirmed known pathways and permitted the identification of new ones. These include the unknown metabolite X12063 linking statins to myopathies, the role of glycerophospholipids in cholesterol metabolism, the structure of lipoprotein (a), the lipoprotein lipase-independent effect of Apolipoprotein C-III coding and the role of branched chain amino acids in the antagonistic coregulation of levels of HDLs and triglyceride.

Summary
The findings reviewed illustrate the importance of integrating metabolomics and genomics for the greater understanding of biological mechanisms. The limitations of the current approaches are also discussed together with approaches that will be required to make the most of the current multiomics data available.
Asialoglycoprotein receptors as important mediators of plasma lipids and atherosclerosis
Authors: Igdoura Suleiman A. 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
This review seeks to describe the role of the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGR) in modulating non-HDL lipoprotein levels, platelet numbers and atherosclerosis.

Recent findings
Genetics studies have revealed that ASGR haplodeficiency provides protection from atherosclerosis. The potential interactions of ASGR with LDL receptor may regulate the rate of LDL uptake and as a result may lower plasma non-HDL cholesterol. ASGR clears senescent platelets and induces the expression of hepatic thrombopoietin. Platelet activity promotes plaque formation and atherosclerosis.

Summary
ASGR is a multifunctional receptor specializing in clearance of desialylated glycoproteins and platelets. The impact of ASGR on the levels of plasma non-HDL cholesterol makes it a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.
Renal tubular acidosis
Authors: Santos Fernando , Gil-Peña Helena , Alvarez-Alvarez Silvia 
Published: January 2017

Purpose of review
To facilitate the understanding and knowledge of renal tubular acidosis by providing a summarized information on the known clinical and biochemical characteristics of this group of diseases, by updating the genetic and molecular bases of the primary forms renal tubular acidosis and by examining some issues regarding the diagnosis of distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) in the daily clinical practice.

Recent findings
The manuscript presents recent findings on the potential of next-generation sequencing to disclose new pathogenic variants in patients with a clinical diagnosis of primary RTA and negative Sanger sequencing of known genes. The current review emphasizes the importance of measuring urinary ammonium for a correct clinical approach to the patients with metabolic acidosis and discusses the diagnosis of incomplete distal RTA.

Summary
We briefly update the current information on RTA, put forward the need of additional studies in children to validate urinary indexes used in the diagnosis of RTA and offer a perspective on diagnostic genetic tests.
Synchronous Presentation of Renal Cell Carcinoma and Hodgkin Lymphoma in an Adolescent
Authors: Elsaid Mohamed Y. , Gill Kara G. , Gosain Ankush , Nichol Peter F. , Leys Charles M. , Buehler Darya , Leith Catherine P. , Patel Neha J. 
Published: January 2017

Background:
Coincidence of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and hematologic malignancies has been reported in adults but not in children.

Observation:
We report a case of a 16-year-old girl in whom RCC was incidentally discovered on the computed tomography scan that was performed to stage her underlying Hodgkin lymphoma. Analysis of constitutional cytogenetics for common genetic aberrations that predispose to RCC did not reveal any mutations or genetic variations. However, cytogenetics on the RCC tumor demonstrated a rare reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 6 and 11, t(6;11)(p21;q12). After undergoing partial nephrectomy with regional lymphadenectomy and treatment with multiagent chemotherapy, patient is cancer-free, now 33 months from end of therapy.

Conclusions:
This case highlights the importance for histologic confirmation of a renal mass when concurrently discovered during the diagnostic evaluation of other malignancies.
Multidisciplinary field research in Kabwe, Zambia, towards better understanding of lead contamination of the city - A short report from a field survey
Authors: Uchida Yoshitaka , Banda Kawawa , Nyambe Imasiku , Hamamoto Toru , Yoshii Yui , Munthali Kabenuka , Mwansa Mukuka , Mukuka Moses , Mutale Mubanga , Yabe John , Toyomaki Haruya , Beyene Yohannes Yared , Nakayama Shouta M. M. , Naruse Nobuyasu , Ishizuka Mayumi , Takahashi Yukihiro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHeavy metal contamination is a serious issue in many post-mining regions around the world. Kabwe town, Zambia, is known as one of the most polluted cities in the world, where high lead (Pb) levels have been reported in soils, plants, animals and human blood. Multidisciplinary approaches are critically needed to understand the current situation and to remediate the polluted area. In the current research, a large-scale preliminary field survey was performed to understand the current situation in Kabwe and to plan future mitigation approaches. Three aspects were mainly observed; 1) plant communities during the dry season in Kabwe city, 2) spectral images of the land surfaces in various locations in Kabwe and 3) Pb concentrations in soils and water. Overall, >15 different plant species were observed and many of them maintained their green colour even during the dry season. Some tree species, for example,CaesalpiniaceaeandFabaceaefamilies may be utilised as phytostabilization approaches although their impacts on the soil Pb mobility should be further studied. For the spectral images, we used a handmade portable spectrometer, and our obtained spectral images showed typical curves observed from soils. These data may be used to understand the distribution of different soil types in this area, using aboveground images such as satellite images. For Pb concentrations in soils, extremely high total Pb levels (>1,000 ppm) was observed only within 2 km from the mining site. There was a weak but a positive correlation between the total and soluble Pb thus further study should also focus on the mobility of Pb from soils to plant ecosystems.
QuPath: Open source software for digital pathology image analysis
Authors: Bankhead Peter , Loughrey Maurice B , Fernández José A , Dombrowski Yvonne , McArt Darragh G , Dunne Philip D , McQuaid Stephen , Gray Ronan T , Murray Liam J , Coleman Helen G , James Jacqueline A , Salto-Tellez Manuel , Hamilton Peter W 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuPath is new bioimage analysis software designed to meet the growing need for a user-friendly, extensible, open-source solution for digital pathology and whole slide image analysis. In addition to offering a comprehensive panel of tumor identification and high-throughput biomarker evaluation tools, QuPath provides researchers with powerful batch-processing and scripting functionality, and an extensible platform with which to develop and share new algorithms to analyze complex tissue images. Furthermore, QuPath’s flexible design makes it suitable for a wide range of additional image analysis applications across biomedical research.
Deciphering the dynamical origin of mixed population during neural stem cell developmental lineage commitment
Authors: Sengupta Dola , Kar Sandip 
Published: January 2017

AbstractNeural stem cells (NSC's) often give rise to mixed population of cells during differentiation. However, the dynamical origin of these mixed states is poorly understood. In this article, our mathematical modeling study demonstrates that the bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2) driven differential differentiation dynamics of NSC's in central and peripheral nervous systems essentially function through two distinct bi-stable switches that are mutually interconnected. Stochastic simulations of the model reveal that the mixed population originates due to the existence of these bistable switching regulations while the maintenance of such mixed states depends on the level of stochastic fluctuations of the system. Importantly, the model predicts that by individually altering the expression level of key regulatory proteins, the NSC's can be converted entirely to a preferred phenotype for BMP2 doses that earlier resulted into mixed population. Our findings show that efficient neuronal regeneration can be achieved by systematically maneuvering the differentiation dynamics.One-sentence summaryUnraveling the differential dynamical origin, maintenance and escape route of mixed population in the midst of developmental fate commitment in central and peripheral nervous systems
Simultaneous small UAV and autopilot system design
Authors: Oktay Turgul , Konar Mehmet , Onay Murat , Aydin Murat , Mohamed Mohamed Abdallah 
Published: January 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to increase flight performance of small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) using simultaneous UAV and autopilot system design.

Design/methodology/approach
A small UAV is manufactured in Erciyes University, College of Aviation, Model Aircraft Laboratory. Its wing and tail is able to move forward and backward in the nose-to-tail direction in prescribed interval. Autopilot parameters and assembly position of wing and tail to fuselage are simultaneously designed to maximize flight performance using a stochastic optimization method. Results are obtained are used for simulations.

Findings
Using simultaneous UAV and autopilot system design idea, flight performance is maximized.

Research limitations/implications
Permission of Directorate General of Civil Aviation in Turkey is required for testing UAVs in long range.

Practical implications
Simultaneous design idea is very beneficial for improving UAV flight performance.

Originality/value
Creating a novel method to improve flight performance of UAV and developing an algorithm performing simultaneous design idea.