bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quinoline‐Derived Two‐Photon Sensitive Quadrupolar Probes
Authors: Tran Christine , Berqouch Nawel , Dhimane Hamid , Clermont Guillaume , Blanchard‐Desce Mireille , Ogden David , Dalko Peter I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractQuadrupolar probes derived from 8‐dimethylamino‐quinoline (8‐DMAQ) having a pegylated fluorene core were prepared and studied under “one‐photon” (λ=365 nm) and “two‐photon” (TP) (λ=730 nm) irradiation conditions. Compound 1 a was identified as the most efficient probe by UV activation that showed sequential release of acetic acid as a model. Although the probe showed high two‐photon absorption it stayed inert under femtosecond irradiation conditions. Fast and selective photolysis was observed, however, by using picosecond irradiation conditions with a remarkably high TP uncaging cross‐section (δu=2.3 GM).
Tuning the Electronic Bandgap: An Efficient Way To Improve the Electrocatalytic Activity of Carbon‐Supported Co3O4 Nanocrystals for Oxygen Reduction Reactions
Authors: Liu Hongcan , Long Wujie , Song Weiwei , Liu Jingjun , Wang Feng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe achievement of crystal‐lattice tuning along low Miller index planes to decrease the bandgap of spinel transition‐metal oxides may be an effective way to enhance their electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Herein, we have prepared spherical Co3O4 nanoparticles with a preferred orientation along the (111) plane by direct nucleation and growth of the oxide on graphitized carbon black (GCB). The formation of the preferred (111) oxide is attributed to a unique chemical interaction at the interface between Co3O4 and carbon, which results in covalent C‐O‐Co bonds in the hybrid. Electrocatalysis experiments in an alkaline environment revealed that the electrocatalytic activity for ORR on the preferred (111) oxide increased as a function of the degree of crystal‐lattice orientation, which implies a closely intrinsic correlation between the predominant (111) plane and the catalytic activity. Because Co2+ cations are enriched in this plane, they possess a narrow bandgap and unfilled conduction bands at low energy with respect to Co3+ ions in the preferred (111) Co3O4, which can contribute to the absorption and activation of active oxygen and lead to improved ORR activity
Fluorescence in situ hybridization in surgical pathology: principles and applications
Authors: Cheng Liang , Zhang Shaobo , Wang Lisha , MacLennan Gregory T , Davidson Darrell D 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIdentification of recurrent tumour‐specific chromosomal translocations and novel fusion oncogenes has important diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic implications. Over the past decade, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of tumour samples has been one of the most rapidly growing areas in genomic medicine and surgical pathology practice. Unlike traditional cytogenetics, FISH affords a rapid analysis of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded cells within a routine pathology practice workflow. As more diagnostic and treatment decisions are based on results of FISH, demand for the technology will become more widespread. Common FISH‐detected alterations are chromosome deletions, gains, translocations, amplifications and polysomy. These chromosome alterations may have diagnostic and therapeutic implications for many tumour types. Integrating genomic testing into cancer treatment decisions poses many technical challenges, but rapid progress is being made to overcome these challenges in precision medicine. FISH assessment of chromosomal changes relevant to differential diagnosis and cancer treatment decisions has become an important tool for the surgical pathologist. The aim of this review is to provide a theoretical and practical survey of FISH detected translocations with a focus on strategies for clinical application in surgical pathology practice.
Lysine‐Based α‐Peptide/β‐Peptoid Peptidomimetics: Influence of Hydrophobicity, Fluorination, and Distribution of Cationic Charge on Antimicrobial Activity and Cytotoxicity
Authors: Molchanova Natalia , Hansen Paul R. , Damborg Peter , Nielsen Hanne M. , Franzyk Henrik 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMultidrug‐resistant bacteria pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. Previously, α‐peptide/β‐peptoid hybrid oligomers were found to display activity against Gram‐negative multidrug‐resistant bacteria. In the present work, the influence of hydrophobicity, fluorination, and distribution of cationic/hydrophobic residues on antimicrobial, hemolytic, and cytotoxic properties of α‐peptide/β‐peptoid hybrids were investigated. An array of 22 peptidomimetics was tested. Analogues with enhanced hydrophobicity were found to exhibit increased activity against Gram‐positive bacteria. Incorporation of fluorinated residues into the peptidomimetics conferred increased potency against Gram‐positive bacteria, while hemolytic properties and activity against Gram‐negative bacteria depended on the degree and type of fluorination. Generally, shorter oligomers were less potent than the corresponding longer analogues. However, some short analogues exhibited equal or higher antimicrobial activity. The alternating hydrophobic/cationic design proved superior to other distribution patterns of cationic side chains and hydrophobic moieties.
Computational modeling of tracheal angioedema due to swelling of the submucous tissue layer
Authors: Gou Kun , Pence Thomas J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAngioedema is a tissue‐swelling pathology due to rapid change in soft tissue fluid content. Its occurrence in the trachea is predominantly localized to the soft mucous tissue that forms the innermost tracheal layer. The biomechanical consequences, such as airway constriction, are dependent upon the ensuing mechanical interactions between all of the various tissues that comprise the tracheal tube. We model the stress interactions by treating the trachea organ as a three‐tissue system consisting of swellable mucous in conjunction with nonswelling cartilage and nonswelling trachealis musculature. Hyperelastic constitutive modeling is used by generalizing the standard anisotropic, incompressible soft tissue framework to incorporate the swelling effect. Finite element stress analysis then proceeds with swelling of the mucous layer providing the driving factor for the mechanical analysis. The amount of airway constriction is governed by the mechanical interaction between the three predominant tissue types. The detailed stress analysis indicates the presence of stress concentrations near the various tissue junctions. Because of the tissue's nonlinear mechanical behavior, this can lead to material stiffness fluctuations as a function of location on the trachea. Patient specific modeling is presented. The role of the modeling in the interpretation of diagnostic procedures and the assessment of therapies is discussed.
Combining habitat loss and agricultural intensification improves our understanding of drivers of change in avian abundance in a North American cropland anthrome
Authors: Quinn John E. , Awada Tala , Trindade Federico , Fulginiti Lilyan , Perrin Richard 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIdentification of means to accommodate demand for food, fiber, and fuel while protecting biodiversity is essential. Given the scales of change associated with agriculture, effective analysis of the impact of biomass production on species abundance requires science and practice to address multiple measures of agricultural change. We analyzed the response of avian species abundance to multiple measures of agricultural change over a 40‐year period along the 41st parallel in the central United States, an area that is perhaps the most agriculturally expansive, intensive, and productive in the world. We prepared indexes of change for area farmed, chemicals used, and biomass produced. Competing singular and additive model combinations were evaluated using Akaike's information criterion model selection and used to estimate abundance of fifty‐five species of birds. The negative response of among grassland birds to both agricultural expansion and intensification suggests successful conservation in highly productive agroecoregions must consider elements of both land‐sparing and land‐sharing approaches. The response of nongrassland obligates to intensification and expansion was mixed, and conservation efforts may need to combine local and regional data to design successful management strategies. Inclusion of multiple processes of agricultural change provides greater insight for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers. These data provide evidence that a more comprehensive analysis of the relationship between North American biodiversity and agricultural production is necessary to improve conservation decision‐making and regional conservation prioritization.
Time‐restricted flight ability influences dispersal and colonization rates in a group of freshwater beetles
Authors: Iversen Lars Lønsmann , Rannap Riinu , Briggs Lars , Sand‐Jensen Kaj 
Published: January 2017

AbstractVariation in the ability to fly or not is a key mechanism for differences in local species occurrences. It is increasingly acknowledged that physiological or behavioral mechanisms rather than morphological differences may drive flight abilities. However, our knowledge on the seasonal variability and stressors creating nonmorphological differences in flight abilities and how it scales to local and regional occurrences is very limited particularly for small, short‐lived species such as insects. Here, we examine how flight ability might vary across seasons and between two closely related genera of freshwater beetles with similar geographical ranges, life histories, and dispersal‐related morphology. By combining flight experiments of >1,100 specimens with colonization rates in a metacommunity of 54 ponds in northern and eastern Europe, we have analyzed the relationship between flight ability and spatio‐environmental distribution of the study genera. We find profound differences in flight ability between the two study genera across seasons. High flight ability for Acilius (97% of the tested individuals flew during the experiments) and low for Graphoderus (14%) corresponded to the different colonization rates of newly created ponds. Within a 5‐year period, 81 and 31% of the study ponds were colonized by Acilius and Graphoderus, respectively. While Acilius dispersed throughout the season, flight activity in Graphoderus was restricted to stressed situations immediately after the emergence of adults. Regional colonization ability of Acilius was independent of spatial connectivity and mass effect from propagule sources. In contrast, Graphoderus species were closely related to high connectivity between ponds in the landscape. Our data suggest that different dispersal potential can account for different local occurrences of Acilius and Graphoderus. In general, our findings provide some of the first insights into the understanding of seasonal restrictions in flight patterns of aquatic beetles and their consequences for species distributions.
Development of an Osmium Redox Polymer Mediated Bioanode and Examination of its Performance in Gluconobacter oxydans Based Microbial Fuel Cell
Authors: Aslan Sema , Conghaile Peter Ó , Leech Dónal , Gorton Lo , Timur Suna , Anik Ulku 
Published: January 2017

AbstractGluconobacter oxydans (G. oxydans) cells together with an osmium redox polymer (ORP) [Osmium (2,2’‐bipyridine)2(poly‐vinylimidazole)10Cl]Cl were combined with a glassy carbon paste electrode (GCPE) to form a bioanode for a microbial fuel cell (MFC) based on G. oxydans. Although there are G.oxydans/ ORP combined bioanode in the literature, as far as it is known, this system is the first one where G.oxydans/ORP bioanode is combined with a cathode and a MFC is formed. After the optimization of experimental parameters, analytical characteristics of ORP/G. oxydans/GCPE bioanode were investigated. ORP/G. oxydans/GCPE showed two linear ranges for ethanol substrate as 1.0–30 mM (R2=0.902) and 30–500 mM (R2=0.997) and analytical range as 1.0–1000 mM. Limit of detection (3.0 s/m) and limit of quantification (10 s/m) values were calculated as 1.29 mM and 4.30 mM respectively where the RSD value was 1.16 % for n=5. Combining the developed bioanode in the presence of 5.0 mM K3Fe(CN)6 mediator with a Pt wire cathode a double compartment MFC was obtained via a salt bridge. G. oxydans/GCPE bioanode based MFC had maximum power density of 0.133 μW cm−2 (at 33.5 mV), maximum current density as 8.73 μA cm−2 and OCP value of 156 mV. On the other hand, ORP/G. oxydans/GCPE based MFC showed maximum power density as 0.26 μW cm−2 (at 46.8 mV), maximum current density as 15.079 μA cm‐2 and OCP value of 176 mV.
Characterising deep vadose zone water movement and solute transport under typical irrigated cropland in the North China Plain
Authors: Min Leilei , Shen Yanjun , Pei Hongwei , Jing Bingdan 
Published: January 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics and mechanisms of soil water movement and solute transport is essential for accurately estimating recharge rates and evaluating the impacts of agricultural activities on groundwater resources. In a thick vadose zone (0–15 m) under irrigated cropland in the piedmont region of the North China Plain, soil water content, matric potential, and solute concentrations were measured. Based on these data, the dynamics of soil water and solutes were analysed to investigate the mechanisms of soil water and solute transport. The study showed that the 0–15‐m vadose zone can be divided into three layers: an infiltration and evaporation layer (0–2 m), an unsteady infiltration layer (2–6 m), and a quasi‐steady infiltration layer (6–15 m). The chloride, nitrate, and sulphate concentrations all showed greater variations in the upper soil layer (0–1 m) compared to values in the deep vadose zone (below 2 m). The average concentrations of these three anions in the deep vadose zone varied insignificantly with depth and approached values of 125, 242, and 116 mg/L. The accumulated chloride, sulphate, and nitrate were 2,179 ± 113, 1,760 ± 383, and 4,074 ± 421 kg/ha, respectively. The soil water potential and solute concentrations indicated that uniform flow and preferential flow both occurred in the deep vadose zone, and uniform flow was the dominant mechanism of soil water movement in this study. The piston‐like flow velocity of solute transport was 1.14 m per year, and the average value of calculated leached nitrate nitrogen was 107 kg/ha∙year below the root zone. The results can be used to better understand recharge processes and improve groundwater resources management.
Protein‐ion Interactions: Simulations of Bovine Serum Albumin in Physiological Solutions of NaCl, KCl and LiCl
Authors: Becconi Olga , Ahlstrand Emma , Salis Andrea , Friedman Ran 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSpecific interactions that depend on the nature of electrolytes are observed when proteins and other molecules are studied by potentiometric, spectroscopic and theoretical methods at high salt concentrations. More recently, it became clear that such interactions may also be observed in solutions that can be described by the Debye‐Hückel theory, i.e., at physiological (0.1 mol dm−3) and lower concentrations. We carried out molecular dynamics simulations of bovine serum albumin in physiological solutions at T=300 and 350 K. Analysis of the simulations revealed some differences between LiCl solutions and those of NaCl and KCl. The binding of Li+ ions to the protein was associated with a negative free energy of interaction whereas much fewer Na+ and K+ ions were associated with the protein surface. Interestingly, unlike other proteins BSA does not show a preference to Na+ over K+. Quantum chemical calculations identified a significant contribution from polarisation to the hydration of Li+ and (to a lesser degree) Na+, which may indicate that polarisable force‐fields will provide more accurate results for such systems.
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells Produce M-CSF, Causing Massive Bone Loss in Mice
Authors: Wang Wensheng , Wang Hua , Zhou Xichao , Li Xing , Sun Wen , Dellinger Michael , Boyce Brendan F , Xing Lianping 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is a rare bone disorder characterized by aggressive osteolysis associated with lymphatic vessel invasion within bone marrow cavities. The etiology of GSD is not known, and there is no effective therapy or animal model for the disease. Here, we investigated if lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) affect osteoclasts (OCs) to cause a GSD osteolytic phenotype in mice. We examined the effect of a mouse LEC line on osteoclastogenesis in co-cultures. LECs significantly increased receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)-mediated OC formation and bone resorption. LECs expressed high levels of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF), but not RANKL, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). LEC-mediated OC formation and bone resorption were blocked by an M-CSF neutralizing antibody or Ki20227, an inhibitor of the M-CSF receptor, c-Fms. We injected LECs into the tibias of wild-type (WT) mice and observed massive osteolysis on X-ray and micro-CT scans. Histology showed that LEC-injected tibias had significant trabecular and cortical bone loss and increased OC numbers. M-CSF protein levels were significantly higher in serum and bone marrow plasma of mice given intra-tibial LEC injections. Immunofluorescence staining showed extensive replacement of bone and marrow by podoplanin+ LECs. Treatment of LEC-injected mice with Ki20227 significantly decreased tibial bone destruction. In addition, lymphatic vessels in a GSD bone sample were stained positively for M-CSF. Thus, LECs cause bone destruction in vivo in mice by secreting M-CSF, which promotes OC formation and activation. Blocking M-CSF signaling may represent a new therapeutic approach for treatment of patients with GSD. Furthermore, tibial injection of LECs is a useful mouse model to study GSD. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Microresonator Kerr frequency combs with high conversion efficiency
Authors: Xue Xiaoxiao , Wang Pei‐Hsun , Xuan Yi , Qi Minghao , Weiner Andrew M. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMicroresonator‐based Kerr frequency comb (microcomb) generation can potentially revolutionize a variety of applications ranging from telecommunications to optical frequency synthesis. However, phase‐locked microcombs have generally had low conversion efficiency limited to a few percent. Here we report experimental results that achieve conversion efficiency ( on‐chip comb power excluding the pump) in the fiber telecommunication band with broadband mode‐locked dark‐pulse combs. We present a general analysis on the efficiency which is applicable to any phase‐locked microcomb state. The effective coupling condition for the pump as well as the duty cycle of localized time‐domain structures play a key role in determining the conversion efficiency. Our observation of high efficiency comb states is relevant for applications such as optical communications which require high power per comb line.
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Bimodal Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylenes Produced from Supported Catalysts: The Challenge of Using a Combined Catalyst System
Authors: Liu Hao , Bastiaansen Cees W. M. , Goossens Johannes G. P. , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Severn John R. 
Published: January 2017

Molecular precatalysts complexes (nBuCp)2ZrCl2 (Zr) and (η1:η5‐Me2NCH2CH2C5Me4)CrCl2 (Cr) have been successfully supported on silica nanoparticles, via a single support (SS) or a double support (DS) strategy. These catalyst systems have been successfully used to produce bimodal polyethylenes with an ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene content in a single reactor. The SS and DS catalyst systems have been fully evaluated under an identical polymerization condition to assess the challenges in tailoring the molecular weight distribution. The results show that a detrimental interaction exists between Zr and Cr catalysts, part of the Cr catalyst species is deactivated during polymerization in the both DS and SS systems. The detrimental interaction in the DS system is reduced because the catalysts are supported on separate nanoparticles. But, surprisingly the two catalysts in the DS system are still able to “communicate” to each other via cocatalyst‐induced catalyst leaching or other potential reasons.
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Rise and Fall: Poly(phenyl vinyl ketone) Photopolymerization and Photodegradation under Visible and UV Radiation
Authors: Reeves Jennifer A. , Allegrezza Michael L. , Konkolewicz Dominik 
Published: January 2017

Vinyl ketone polymers, including phenyl vinyl ketone (PVK), are an important class of polymers due to their ability to degrade upon irradiation with ultraviolet light which makes them useful for a variety of applications. However, traditional radical methods for synthesizing PVK polymers give rise to poor control or are unable to produce block copolymers. This work uses reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and photochemistry to polymerize PVK. When visible blue radiation of 440 ± 10 nm is used as the light source for the photopolymerization, rapid polymerization and well‐defined polymers are created. This RAFT method uses PVK as both monomer and radical initiator, exciting the PVK mono­mer by 440 ± 10 nm irradiation to avoid the use of an additional radical initiator. Once the poly­mer is synthesized, it is stable against degradation by blue light (440 ± 10 nm), but upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (310 ± 20 nm) significant decrease in molecular weight is observed. The degradation is observed for all poly(PVK) materials synthesized.
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Understanding the Molecular Mechanisms of the Interplay Between Herbal Medicines and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Xu Jun , Chen Hu‐Biao , Li Song‐Lin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHerbal medicines (HMs) are much appreciated for their significant contribution to human survival and reproduction by remedial and prophylactic management of diseases. Defining the scientific basis of HMs will substantiate their value and promote their modernization. Ever‐increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota plays a crucial role in HM therapy by complicated interplay with HM components. This interplay includes such activities as: gut microbiota biotransforming HM chemicals into metabolites that harbor different bioavailability and bioactivity/toxicity from their precursors; HM chemicals improving the composition of gut microbiota, consequently ameliorating its dysfunction as well as associated pathological conditions; and gut microbiota mediating the interactions (synergistic and antagonistic) between the multiple chemicals in HMs. More advanced experimental designs are recommended for future study, such as overall chemical characterization of gut microbiota‐metabolized HMs, direct microbial analysis of HM‐targeted gut microbiota, and precise gut microbiota research model development. The outcomes of such research can further elucidate the interactions between HMs and gut microbiota, thereby opening a new window for defining the scientific basis of HMs and for guiding HM‐based drug discovery.