bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Novel Dual Eigen-Analysis of Mouse Multi-Tissues’ Expression Profiles Unveils New Perspectives into Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Li Lei M. , Liu Xiuxiu , Wang Lin , Wang Yong , Liu Xiuqin , Tian Xue , Gong Fuzhou , Shen Li , Peng Xiao-ding 
Published: July 2017

AbstractType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex and polygenic disease yet in need of a complete picture of its development mechanisms. To better understand the mechanisms, we examined gene expression profiles of multi-tissues from outbred mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or regular chow at weeks 1, 9, and 18. To analyze such complex data, we proposed a novel dual eigen-analysis, in which the sample- and gene-eigenvectors correspond respectively to the macro- and micro-biology information. The dual eigen-analysis identified the HFD eigenvectors as well as the endogenous eigenvectors for each tissue. The results imply that HFD influences the hepatic function or the pancreatic development as an exogenous factor, while in adipose HFD’s impact roughly coincides with the endogenous eigenvector driven by aging. The enrichment analysis of the eigenvectors revealed diverse HFD impact on the three tissues over time. The diversity includes: inflammation, degradation of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), and regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ). We reported that in the pancreas remarkable up-regulation of angiogenesis as downstream of the HIF signaling pathway precedes hyperinsulinemia. The dual eigen-analysis and discoveries provide new evaluations/guidance in T2D prevention and therapy, and will also promote new thinking in biology and medicine.
Urinary Extracellular Domain of Neurotrophin Receptor p75 as a Biomarker for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in a Chinese cohort
Authors: Jia Rui , Shepheard Stephanie , Jin Jiaoting , Hu Fangfang , Zhao Xing , Xue Li , Xiang Li , Qi Huaguang , Qu Qiumin , Guo Feng , Rogers Mary-Louise , Dang Jingxia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo comprehensively assess whether p75ECD in urine could be a candidate biomarker for ALS evaluation. Urine samples were collected from 101 ALS patients, 108 patients with other neurological disease (OND) and 97 healthy controls. 61 ALS patients were followed up with clinical data including ALSFRS-r every 6 to 12 months, 23 ALS patients died and 17 ALS patients lost touch during follow up period. Enzyme-linked immunoassay was employed to determine urine p75ECD concentration. The ALSFRS-r was employed to assess the severity of ALS. The concentration of p75ECD in ALS was significantly higher than that of OND and CTRL (p < 0.001). Additionally, urine p75ECD concentrations in ALS-definite grade patients were significantly higher than that in ALS-probable grade and ALS-possible grade patients (p < 0.001). Higher urine p75ECD concentrations were correlated with increased clinical stage (p = 0.0309); urine p75ECD concentrations and ALSFRS-r were negatively correlated (p = 0.022); and urine p75ECD concentration in the fast-progressing ALS group was significantly higher than that in slow-progression (p = 0.0026). Our finding indicates that urine p75ECD concentration provides additional evidence for patients with clinically suspected ALS, and can be employed to evaluate ALS-severity.
Transportation Safety of Lithium Iron Phosphate Batteries - A Feasibility Study of Storing at Very Low States of Charge
Authors: Barai Anup , Uddin Kotub , Chevalier Julie , Chouchelamane Gael H. , McGordon Andrew , Low John , Jennings Paul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn freight classification, lithium-ion batteries are classed as dangerous goods and are therefore subject to stringent regulations and guidelines for certification for safe transport. One such guideline is the requirement for batteries to be at a state of charge of 30%. Under such conditions, a significant amount of the battery’s energy is stored; in the event of mismanagement, or indeed an airside incident, this energy can lead to ignition and a fire. In this work, we investigate the effect on the battery of removing 99.1% of the total stored energy. The performance of 8Ah C6/LiFePO4 pouch cells were measured following periods of calendar ageing at low voltages, at and well below the manufacturer’s recommended value. Battery degradation was monitored using impedance spectroscopy and capacity tests; the results show that the cells stored at 2.3 V exhibited no change in cell capacity after 90 days; resistance rise was negligible. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy results indicate that there was no significant copper dissolution. To test the safety of the batteries at low voltages, external short-circuit tests were performed on the cells. While the cells discharged to 2.3 V only exhibited a surface temperature rise of 6 °C, cells at higher voltages exhibited sparks, fumes and fire.
Wall slipping behavior of foam with nanoparticle-armored bubbles and its flow resistance factor in cracks
Authors: Lv Qichao , Li Zhaomin , Li Binfei , Husein Maen , Shi Dashan , Zhang Chao , zhou Tongke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this work, wall slipping behavior of foam with nanoparticle-armored bubbles was first studied in a capillary tube and the novel multiphase foam was characterized by a slipping law. A crack model with a cuboid geometry was then used to compare with the foam slipping results from the capillary tube and also to evaluate the flow resistance factor of the foam. The results showed that the slipping friction force FFR in the capillary tube significantly increased by addition of modified SiO2 nanoparticles, and an appropriate power law exponents by fitting FFR vs. Capillary number, Ca, was 1/2. The modified nanoparticles at the surface were bridged together and formed a dense particle “armor” surrounding the bubble, and the interconnected structures of the “armor” with strong steric integrity made the surface solid-like, which was in agreement with the slip regime associated with rigid surface. Moreover, as confirmed by 3D microscopy, the roughness of the bubble surface increased with nanoparticle concentration, which in turn increased the slipping friction force. Compared with pure SDBS foam, SDBS/SiO2 foam shows excellent stability and high flow resistance in visual crack. The resistance factor of SiO2/SDBS foam increased as the wall surface roughness increased in core cracks.
Wideband diffuse scattering and RCS reduction of microstrip antenna array based on coding metasurface
Authors: Su Jianxun , Kong Chuiyong , Li Zengrui , Yin Hongcheng , Yang Yaoqing (Lamar) 
Published: July 2017

A wideband monostatic and bistatic radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction of microstrip antenna array is proposed and investigated. By using coding metasurface on the proposed antenna, the reflected energy is diffused scattering to more directions. A remarkable monostatic RCS reduction is achieved from 6 to 7.6 GHz and 9.5 to 26 GHz covering the working frequency band, and the bistatic RCS of proposed antenna is also effectively suppressed. The proposed antenna still maintains in a compact structure, while the antenna radiation performance is preserved. Both the reference and proposed antennas are fabricated and measured in anechoic chamber, and the results show that there is a good agreement between simulations and measurements.
Microwave tunable and switchable planar non‐reciprocal three‐layer multiresonant wire–ferrite metastructure
Authors: Kraftmakher G. , Butylkin V. , Kazantsev Y. , Mal'tsev V. 
Published: July 2017

Easy‐to‐technology voltage‐controlled non‐reciprocal three‐layer ferrite/wire grating/varactor‐loaded copper strip metastructure of two configurations differing in layer arrangement is proposed and tested in external static magnetic field in a rectangular waveguide at 3–6 GHz. Retuning range with 20 dB isolation is 1.5 GHz, i.e. 35%. Propagation direction switching with 18 and 16 dB isolation is observed at fixed frequency; corresponding direct transmission values are −4 and −8 dB in the matching absence.
Demonstration of voltage control in a real distribution system using model predictive control
Authors: Balram Pavan , Carlson Ola , Tuan Le Anh 
Published: July 2017

This study presents the results from field tests that were carried out with the aim of verifying the performance of a model predictive control‐based voltage controller. A voltage source converter (VSC) capable of producing or consuming 4 MVAr was used as the reactive power source, which was able to influence the voltage magnitude at a remote bus within a real distribution system in Gothenburg, Sweden. The voltage controller is designed to maintain the remote bus voltage within a pre‐defined range while respecting the reactive power output capability of the VSC and an objective of minimum changes to the reference value of its local reactive power controller. Results from the field tests demonstrate that the voltage controller was able to successfully regulate the voltage even with significant errors in the state‐space prediction model. An important lesson learned from the field test is that a smoothened voltage measurement feedback is critical to a satisfactory functioning of the controller. Furthermore, it is recommended to design the voltage controller to observe an initial delay, before it is activated for bus voltage control ‐ this would deter it from unnecessarily reacting at the very instant it is brought online.
Wide‐area voltage control system of flexible AC transmission system devices to prevent voltage collapse
Authors: Perron Mathieu , Ghahremani Esmaeil , Heniche Annissa , Kamwa Innocent , Lafond Claude , Racine Marcel , Akremi Houssem , Cadieux Philippe , Lebeau Simon , Landry Stéphane 
Published: July 2017

Hydro‐Québec has identified wide‐area control system as a key initiative able to significantly increase the voltage stability of its grid. In this context, an innovative project for wide‐area and local voltage control of shunt compensators was initiated. Its main objective is to implement a closed‐loop control system on Hydro‐Québec's network to optimise the reactive power support from the dynamic shunt compensators. The outcome of this project is the ‘global and local control of compensators’ (GLCCs) system which is based on synchrophasor technology and intelligent electronics devices. Applied to each shunt compensator of Hydro‐Québec's network, this robust voltage control system measures voltage variations in the load area and adjusts the operation set point of each shunt compensator accordingly, thus avoiding voltage collapse resulting from extreme contingencies. The GLCC control solution was intensively tested in simulation using PSSE software. Moreover, a pilot project was commissioned on a test bench replica of the system and also tested in real time using Hydro‐Québec's Hypersim digital simulator. Field tests of the GLCC were conducted on a −230/ + 660 MVars static vars compensator. The results of this pilot project were deemed conclusive and the deployment of the new voltage control system has been initiated by Hydro‐Québec.
Full soft‐switching high step‐up DC–DC converter based on active resonant cell
Authors: Trazamni Hadi , Babaei Ebrahim , Sabahi Mehran 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a new full soft switching high step‐up DC–DC boost converter is proposed. To achieve high voltage gain, a N‐level voltage multiplier cell (VMC), and to achieve soft switching, a simple auxiliary resonant cell is implemented on a conventional pulse width modulation boost converter. All semiconductor devices are switched under soft switching conditions, which decrease the switching losses significantly. These soft switching conditions consist of zero voltage and zero current switching (ZVZCS) condition for both main and auxiliary switches, ZVZCS for auxiliary cell diode and zero current switching for all output VMC diodes. To control the output voltage in this converter, two degrees of freedom, consisting of the main switch duty cycle and output VMC level (N), are available. These degrees of freedom lead the converter to operate in a wide output voltage range and have maximum power point tracking implementation or output voltage regulation capabilities. In this paper, operational modes analysis, design procedure, application discussion, soft switching and power efficiency evaluations and simulation results are presented. Finally, experimental results with input voltage of 32 V, output power of 80 W and switching frequency of 20 kHz are given to prove the accuracy of theoretical analysis.
Preparation of nano‐silica loaded N‐cyclohexyl‐2‐benzothiazole sulphonamide and its application in solution styrene‐butadiene rubber/butadiene rubber composites
Authors: Tian Qingfeng , Mao Yimei , Zhang Chunhua , Wang Yanpeng , Ding Tao , Li Xiaohong 
Published: July 2017

N‐cyclohexyl‐2‐benzothiazole sulphonamide (rubber vulcanisation accelerator CZ) was grafted onto the surface of dispersible nano‐silica (DNS) to obtain silica‐loaded rubber vulcanisation accelerator CZ (DNS‐CZ) through in‐situ surface modification. A series of as‐prepared DNS‐CZ samples with different CZ loadings were used as the fillers to reinforce the composites made of solution styrene‐butadiene rubber (SSBR) and butadiene rubber (BR). The effect of DNS‐CZ fillers on the mechanical properties of the SSBR/BR composites was investigated in relation to the scanning electron microscopic observation of the filler dispersion in the rubber matrix. It was found that the CZ is chemically bonded onto the surface of nano‐silica, thereby effectively reducing the polarity of the nano‐silica and enhancing its compatibility with the rubber matrix. Therefore, the SSBR/BR composites filled with DNS‐CZ exhibit greatly improved mechanical properties and Akron abrasion resistance than the counterparts filled with unloaded DNS. Particularly, when the loading amount of the CZ is set as 81.10 mmol/kg, the resultant SSBR/BR/DNS‐CZ composite exhibits the best mechanical properties and Akron abrasion resistance, showing promising application for green tire tread.
Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Chemistry of Nitronates
Authors: Tabolin Andrey , Sukhorukov Alexey , Ioffe Sema , Dilman Alexander 
Published: July 2017

Due to their availability and versatile reactivity, nitronates have become important building blocks in the stereoselective synthesis of bioactive molecules. This short review provides a summary of recent developments on the synthesis, chemistry and applications of O-alkyl and O-silyl nitronates.1	Introduction2	Approaches to the Synthesis of Nitronates2.1	Synthesis of Six-Membered Cyclic Nitronates2.1.1	Formal [4+2] Approaches2.1.2	Formal [3+3] Approaches2.1.3	Other Approaches2.2	Synthesis of Five-Membered Cyclic Nitronates2.2.1	Formal [3+2] Approaches2.2.2	Formal [4+1] Approaches2.2.3	Oxidation Approaches3	Chemistry of Nitronates3.1	Nitronates as α-C-Nucleophiles3.2	Nitronates as α-C-Electrophiles3.3	Nitronates in [3+n]-Annulation Reactions3.4	Reactions Involving the β-Carbon Atom of Nitronates3.5	Miscellaneous Transformations4	Conclusion
Psychische Krankheiten heilen ohne das Konzept vom unbewussten Es?
Authors: Gnaiger-Rathmanner Jutta 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Homöopathie bewährt sich heute in der Behandlung von psychischen Erkrankungen. Diese sind üblicherweise die Domäne der Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, die sich in Krankheitsverständnis und Therapie auf das Modell des Unbewussten, des Es, stützen. Dort sind die verdrängten Erlebnisinhalte gespeichert. Es stellt sich die Frage: Kann die Homöopathie psychiatrische Patienten behandeln und heilen ohne dieses Modell? Es wird untersucht, ob die „Lebenskraft“ nach Hahnemann und das unbewusste Es der Psychotherapie Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen. Bezugspunkt ist das 4-gliedrige Menschenbild.
Effect of Two Different Doses of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Profiles of Insulin-Resistant Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Foroozanfard Fatemeh , Talebi Maesoomeh , Samimi Mansooreh , Mehrabi Sahar , Badehnoosh Bita , Jamilian Mehri , Maktabi Maryam , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of 2 different doses of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic profiles of insulin-resistant patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 90 insulin-resistant patients with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria aged 18–40 years old. Participants were randomly allocated into 3 groups to receive either 4 000 IU of vitamin D (n=30) or 1 000 IU of vitamin D (n=30) or placebo (n=30) per day for 12 weeks. Vitamin D supplementation (4 000 IU), compared with vitamin D (1 000 IU) and placebo, led to reduced fasting plasma glucose (−4.3±8.6 vs. −4.7±7.1 and +0.1±6.7 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.02), serum insulin concentrations (−2.7±2.7 vs. −1.4±4.2 and −0.1±4.1 μIU/ml, respectively, p=0.02), and HOMA-IR (−0.6±0.6 vs. −0.4±1.0 and −0.1±0.9, respectively, p=0.02). In addition, we found significant decreases in mean change of serum triglycerides (−10.3±7.3 vs. −3.6±14.5 and +6.9±23.8 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.001), VLDL- (−2.0±1.5 vs. −0.7±2.9 and +1.4±4.8 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.001), total- (−14.0±9.5 vs. −6.2±24.0 and +7.1±29.7 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.002), LDL- (−10.8±8.3 vs. −5.7±21.9 and +6.8±28.2 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.005), and total-/HDL-cholesterol ratio (−0.2±0.3 vs. −0.1±0.6 and +0.2±0.7 mg/dl, respectively, p=0.003) in the high-dose vitamin D group compared with low-dose vitamin D and placebo groups. Overall, vitamin D supplementation at a dosage of 4 000 IU/day for 12 weeks in insulin-resistant patients with PCOS had beneficial effects of glucose metabolism and lipid profiles compared with 1 000 IU/day of vitamin D and placebo groups.
Sec61 blockade by mycolactone inhibits antigen cross-presentation independently of endosome-to-cytosol export
Authors: Grotzke Jeff E. , Kozik Patrycja , Morel Jean-David , Impens Francis , Pietrosemoli Natalia , Cresswell Peter , Amigorena Sebastian , Demangel Caroline 
Published: July 2017

SignificanceAside from its undisputed role in the import of newly synthesized proteins into the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), the Sec61 translocon was proposed to ensure the reverse transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol. Based on this model, Sec61 was also proposed to be the channel exporting internalized antigens from endosomes to the cytosol, for degradation and cross-presentation. Establishing Sec61’s contribution to these connected trafficking pathways has nevertheless proven difficult, due to a technical incapacity to blunt its activity acutely. Here, we took advantage of a recently identified Sec61 blocker to determine whether or not Sec61 can mediate retrograde protein transport. Both ER-to-cytosol and endosome-to-cytosol protein export were intact in mycolactone-treated cells, which argues against Sec61 operating as a retrotranslocon.
Agricultural terms in Indo-Iranian
Authors: Kümmel Martin Joachim 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The article investigates the agricultural lexicon of Indo-Iranian, especially its earlier records, and what it may tell us about the spread of farming. After some general remarks on “Neolithic” vocabulary, a short overview of the animal husbandry terminology shows that this field of vocabulary was evidently well-established in Proto-Indo-Iranian, with many cognate terms. Words for cattle, horses, sheep and goats are well developed and mostly inherited, while evidence for pigs is more limited, ad the words for donkey and camel look like common loans. A more extensive discussion of plant terminology reveals that while some generic terms for grain are inherited, more specific words for different kinds of cereals show few inherited terms and/or irregular variation, and the same is even clearer for pulses and some other vegetables. The terminology for agricultural terminology is largely different from that of most European branches of Indo-European. The conclusion is that the cultural background behind these linguistic data points to spreading of a mainly pastoralist culture in the case of Indo-Iranian.
Synthea: An approach, method, and software mechanism for generating synthetic patients and the synthetic electronic health care record
Authors: Walonoski Jason , Kramer Mark , Nichols Joseph , Quina Andre , Moesel Chris , Hall Dylan , Duffett Carlton , Dube Kudakwashe , Gallagher Thomas , McLachlan Scott 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objective
Our objective is to create a source of synthetic electronic health records that is readily available; suited to industrial, innovation, research, and educational uses; and free of legal, privacy, security, and intellectual property restrictions.

Materials and Methods
We developed Synthea, an open-source software package that simulates the lifespans of synthetic patients, modeling the 10 most frequent reasons for primary care encounters and the 10 chronic conditions with the highest morbidity in the United States.

Results
Synthea adheres to a previously developed conceptual framework, scales via open-source deployment on the Internet, and may be extended with additional disease and treatment modules developed by its user community. One million synthetic patient records are now freely available online, encoded in standard formats (eg, Health Level-7 [HL7] Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources [FHIR] and Consolidated-Clinical Document Architecture), and accessible through an HL7 FHIR application program interface.

Discussion
Health care lags other industries in information technology, data exchange, and interoperability. The lack of freely distributable health records has long hindered innovation in health care. Approaches and tools are available to inexpensively generate synthetic health records at scale without accidental disclosure risk, lowering current barriers to entry for promising early-stage developments. By engaging a growing community of users, the synthetic data generated will become increasingly comprehensive, detailed, and realistic over time.

Conclusion
Synthetic patients can be simulated with models of disease progression and corresponding standards of care to produce risk-free realistic synthetic health care records at scale.