bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Szymanowski’s Third Piano Sonata and First String Quartet and the Artistic Theory and Practice of Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz: ‘Pure Form’, Subjectivity, and the Burlesque
Authors: DOWNES STEPHEN 
Published: September 2024

AbstractKarol Szymanowski and Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz were leading figures in Polish modernism. A thorough review of their relationship and an examination of Witkiewicz’s theory of ‘pure form’ and its applicability to music (via Witkiewicz’s literary portraits of Szymanowski, his attempts at composition, and the critical and theoretical extensions of his work by Konstanty Regamey) provides the basis for analysing the form and content of Szymanowski’s Third Piano Sonata and First String Quartet.
Translocator protein (TSPO) inhibits Nosema bombycis proliferation in silkworm, Bombyx mori
Authors: Liu Mengjin , Wen Lang , Deng Ben , Su Yaping , Han Zhenghao , Zhang Yiling , Zhu Feng , Qu Qingsheng , Li Mingze , Fang Yujia , Qian Ping , Tang Xudong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPebrine disease, caused by Nosema bombycis (Nb) infection in silkworms, is a severe and long-standing disease that threatens sericulture. As parasitic pathogens, a complex relationship exists between microsporidia and their hosts at the mitochondrial level. Previous studies have found that the translocator protein (TSPO) is involved in various biological functions, such as membrane potential regulation, mitochondrial autophagy, immune responses, calcium ion channel regulation, and cell apoptosis. In the present study, we found that TSPO expression in silkworms (BmTSPO) was upregulated following Nb infection, leading to an increase in cytoplasmic calcium, adenosine triphosphate, and reactive oxygen species levels. Knockdown and overexpression of BmTSPO resulted in the promotion and inhibition of Nb proliferation, respectively. We also demonstrated that the overexpression of BmTSPO promotes host cell apoptosis and significantly increases the expression of genes involved in the immune deficiency and Janus kinase-signal transducer and the activator of the transcription pathways. These findings suggest that BmTSPO activates the innate immune signalling pathway in silkworms to regulate Nb proliferation. Targeting TSPO represents a promising approach for the development of new treatments for microsporidian infections.
The lion's share: implications of carnivore diet for threatened herbivores in Tsavo, Kenya
Authors: King Eliza , Chakrabarti Stotra , Lala Fredrick , Nyaga Stephen , Waiguchu Grace , Chiyo Patrick I. , Kimaile Joseph , Moller Richard , Omondi Patrick , Morris Aaron , Bump Joseph K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPredation can have cascading, regulatory effects across ecological communities. Knowledge of the diet of predators can therefore provide important information regarding their ecology and conservation, as well as their impacts on prey populations. Using scats collected during 2019–2023 and estimates of prey abundance from aerial surveys, we characterized prey consumption and preferences of the Vulnerable African lion Panthera leo population in Tsavo, Kenya. Biomass models applied to prey frequencies in scats revealed that > 85% of lion diet comprised large ungulates weighing > 150 kg. The Critically Endangered hirola Beatragus hunteri and Endangered Grevy's zebra Equus grevyi (species that were introduced in Tsavo as part of ex situ conservation programmes in the 1960s) were amongst the seven prey species, of 16 detected, that were preferred by lions. Our results potentially indicate a disproportionate impact of lion predation on the small hirola and Grevy's zebra populations. Preferential predation, coupled with high availability of alternative prey, may trap the small populations of hirola and Grevy's zebra within a predator pit. Our findings provide a better understanding of lion diet, optimal foraging and the potential effects predators can have on threatened and rare prey species in an important conservation landscape. Based on our findings, we recommend an observational study of the predation ecology of lions and other predators in this system, to provide information on age- and sex-specific predation rates on hirola and Grevy's zebra for a population viability analysis, to support the management of these two threatened and rare herbivores in Tsavo.
Bai and Old Western Chinese
Authors: Lee Man Hei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSeveral scholars noted that the pronunciations of 天 “sky” tiān and 風 “wind” fēng in Bai appear to be akin to the western variants of the words attested in the paronomastic gloss dictionary Shìmíng 釋名. I will demonstrate in the current study that there are additional commonalities shared by both Bai and the ancient western dialect, termed Old Western Chinese (OWC) in this study. In both languages, one can identify words with zy- in Middle Chinese (MC) that are pronounced j-. Bai and Old Western Chinese use the same word (椹 shèn) for “fungus”. Furthermore, Old Chinese (OC) cluster *-p/t-s yields -t in both languages in lieu of yielding -j as observed in Middle Chinese. Last but not least, it appears that in both languages, words with *lˤ- (whence MC d-) and -ʔ (whence MC rising tone) are distinct from other words with d- in Middle Chinese. Hence, this paper puts the claim that Bai is akin to Old Western Chinese on a stronger footing. As a side note, judging from the fact that 四 “four” sì contains -t in Old Western Chinese and early Bai, its Old Chinese form most likely ends in *-[t]-s.
Narrowly person-affecting axiology: a reconsideration
Authors: Adler Matthew D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA narrowly person-affecting (NPA) axiology is an account of the moral ranking of outcomes such that the comparison of any two outcomes depends on the magnitude and weight of individuals’ well-being gains and losses between the two. This article systematically explores NPA axiology. It argues that NPA axiology yields an outcome ranking that satisfies three fundamental axioms: Pareto, Anonymity and, plausibly, Pigou-Dalton. The axiology is neutral to non-well-being considerations (desert); and (assuming well-being measurability) leads to the Repugnant Conclusion (RC). In short, NPA axiology provides a grounding for Paretian, equity-regarding welfarism, albeit one that includes the RC.
Changes in harm avoidance and incompleteness across group CBT for OCD and their relationship with symptom change
Authors: Puccinelli Christina , Rowa Karen , Summerfeldt Laura J. , McCabe Randi E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms are hypothesized to be driven by two core motivations: harm avoidance and incompleteness. While cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for OCD, many posit that OCD presentations characterized by high incompleteness may be harder to treat. The relationship between the core motivations and treatment outcomes remains to be further explored.Aims:To investigate if harm avoidance and incompleteness decrease across group CBT and to examine the relationship between treatment outcomes and both baseline and changes in harm avoidance and incompleteness throughout treatment.Method:A naturalistic sample of 65 adult out-patients with OCD completed self-report questionnaires measuring OCD symptom severity and the core motivations before, during, and after 12 weeks of group CBT for OCD.Results:Harm avoidance and incompleteness scores significantly decreased from pre- to post-treatment. Pre-treatment harm avoidance and incompleteness levels did not predict post-treatment symptom severity, but changes in the core motivations throughout treatment were significant predictors of treatment outcome. Specifically, reductions in harm avoidance across treatment and reductions in incompleteness early in treatment, were associated with better treatment outcomes.Conclusions:Participants who completed group CBT for OCD experienced modest reductions in the core motivations thought to maintain OCD symptoms and these changes predicted better outcomes. However, pre-treatment levels of harm avoidance and incompleteness do not appear to moderate treatment outcome.
Molecular fingerprinting of highly resistant maize lines to turcicum leaf blight
Authors: Jakhar Dan Singh , Singh Rajesh , Singh Shravan Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe present study generates information related to the molecular divergence between turcicum leaf blight (TLB)-resistant and -susceptible lines. During molecular diversity studies, a total of 212 alleles were detected at 75 marker loci and ranged from two to five with an average of 2.83 alleles per locus. A direct correlation for the number of alleles and polymorphism information content (PIC) values was ascertained. For instance, marker phi123 produced high number of alleles (5) with PIC values of 0.77. Using the DARwin 6.0 programme, the UPGMA dendrogram grouped 40 maize inbreds into two distinct clusters, cluster-I (36 inbreds) and cluster-II (4 inbreds). Cluster-I contained two subclusters; the first subcluster contained 28 inbreds and the second subcluster contained eight inbreds whereas cluster-II contained four inbreds. This major cluster-II was further classified into two subclusters which contained two inbreds each. Most of the inbred lines except V-25 from cluster-II were highly resistant to TLB disease. These inbred lines can be used in crossing programmes to develop TLB-resistant hybrids by using divergent parents. In this study, allelic diversity and PIC values indicated a good efficiency of markers for studying the polymorphism level available in studied inbred lines. High level of diversity among the inbreds detected with simple sequence repeat markers indicated their suitability for the further breeding programme.
Legislating for the future: situated health and embodied justice
Authors: Thomson Michael , Goldblatt Beth 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn response to the short-term political cycles that govern law-making, there is growing international attention to the obligations owed to future generations. Within the diverse approaches there is often a single, temporally defined inequality; that is, between now and a depleted future. While inequality is imagined between generations, these generations are often constructed as homogenous. This elides not just contemporary inequalities, but that these injustices are caused by historically rooted inequalities that current planetary threats are likely to deepen. In response, we centre health inequalities which illustrate the complex temporalities and structural causes of inequalities. We argue for a focus on eco-social and embodied generations to better understand – and respond to – inequalities past, present and future. We apply this focus to the Capabilities Approach as an example of the work needed to better articulate what is owed to present and future generations to secure justice and inform future-oriented law-making.
Mosaic Database: Consolidation, Innovation, and Challenges in the Comparative Family Demography of Historical Europe
Authors: Szołtysek Mikołaj , Ogórek Bartosz , Gruber Siegfried , Poniat Radosław 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper looks at the progress that the Mosaic database has enabled in the study of family structures in continental Europe in the past. Our main argument is that the combination of comprehensive archival research, digitization and computation, data mining, and open-access dissemination that is at the core of the Mosaic project is bringing about an important shift in the fundamental principles that have driven European family history research to date. These transformative features of Mosaic go beyond mere data infrastructural developments, as scaling up to much larger datasets leads to qualitative differences in measurements, methods, and questions. Integrating these perspectives can lead to an important incremental shift in both the scale and the scope of knowledge about historical European family systems.
The Cold War from the Global South: Maoism and the Future of Liberalism
Authors: Plys Kristin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In the mid-20th century, The Cold War structured possibilities for politics across the Global South. These strategies were articulated through three competing means to realize the justice and equality promised by newly won independence from colonialism. Global South states could choose from among the following three options, which had many overlaps and intersections: alignment with the United States, alignment with the Soviet Union, and non-alignment. By the 1970s and into the 1980s, left- and right-wing alternatives developed to oppose the limitations of these three perspectives. On the left, Maoism inspired anti-imperialists of the Global South and also sympathizers in the North who stood in solidarity with anti-imperialist struggles. On the right, newly oil-wealthy Saudi Arabia developed a puritanical Islamic alternative to Maoist anti-imperialism and promoted these ideas across Africa and Asia. These ideas did not fall from public consciousness with the formal collapse of the Soviet Union and live on today. My article assesses the different templates for political and economic development that the Cold War engendered, focusing on the legacy of left and right alternatives developed in reaction to their failures. I conclude that these ideological contestations from the Global South reveal that the Cold War was not a mere rivalry between the United States and Soviet Union, it was a global ideological contestation over liberalism; the constituting ideology of capitalism.
On the Effects of Intertidal Area on Estuarine Salt Intrusion
Authors: Hendrickx Gijs G. , Pearson Stuart G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWorldwide, estuaries are increasingly constrained by human interventions, such as wetland reclamations. Intertidal area has an important influence on the extent of estuarine salt intrusion. Previous research has shown conflicting effects of intertidal area on the salt intrusion. Therefore, this study explores this interaction for three estuary classes: (a) salt wedge, (b) partially mixed, and (c) well‐mixed. Our findings show that the effect of intertidal area on the salt intrusion depends on the estuary class: enlarging the intertidal area reduces the salt intrusion for salt wedge and partially mixed estuaries, but vice versa for well‐mixed estuaries. These opposing responses are explained by the balance between salt fluxes driven by the estuarine circulation versus by the tidal oscillation. In general, enlarging intertidal area results in the suppression of the estuarine circulation. Such system understanding is especially relevant in an era of increasing coastal urbanization.
Parsimonious High‐Resolution Landslide Susceptibility Modeling at Continental Scales
Authors: Mirus Benjamin B. , Belair Gina M. , Wood Nathan J. , Jones Jeanne , Martinez Sabrina N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLandslide susceptibility maps are fundamental tools for risk reduction, but the coarse resolution of current continental‐scale models is insufficient for local application. Complex relations between topographic and environmental attributes characterizing landslide susceptibility at local scales are not transferrable across areas without landslide data. Existing maps with multiple susceptibility classifications under‐represent landslide potential in moderate and gently sloping terrain. We leverage an extensive landslide database (N = 613,724), a high‐resolution digital elevation model (10‐m), and high‐performance computing resources, to develop a new nationwide susceptibility map for the contiguous United States, Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico. We calculate four alternative linear and nonlinear thresholds of topographic slope and relief using an objective split‐sample calibration. We down‐sample our results to a 90‐m grid to account for uncertainty in the digital elevation model and landslide position, and evaluate these thresholds' ability to differentiate areas of greater susceptibility. The less conservative nonlinear model optimally balances our priorities of capturing observed landslides (99%) while minimizing area covered by susceptible terrain (43%). Independent evaluation with four statewide landslide inventories (N = 172,367) reinforces our model selection but highlights spatially variable performance. Therefore, we propose a novel approach to susceptibility classification using the concentration of landslide‐prone terrain within each down‐sampled grid. While landslides are possible within any cells containing susceptible terrain, those with the highest concentration capture the majority of observed landslides. Our new map characterizes landside susceptibility more consistently than prior models; our transparent classification approach also provides flexibility for accommodating different tolerances in risk reduction measures.
Mechanical Stiffness and Permeability of a Reservoir‐Scale Rough Fracture During Closure
Authors: Deng Qinglin , Schmittbuhl Jean , Cacace Mauro , Blöcher Guido 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe study how the normal stiffness and the permeability of a realistic rough fracture at the field scale are linked and evolve during its closure up to the percolation threshold. We base our approach on a well‐established self‐affine geometric model for fracture roughness, which has proven to be a relevant proxy from laboratory to multi‐kilometer scales. We explore its implications for fracture apertures in reservoir‐scale open channels. We build our approach on a finite element model using the MOOSE/GOLEM framework and conduct numerical flow‐through experiments in a 256 granite reservoir hosting a single, partially sealed fracture under variable normal loading conditions and undrained conditions. Navier‐Stokes flow is solved in the embedded 3‐dimensional rough fracture, and Darcy flow is solved in the surrounding poroelastic matrix. We study the evolution of the mechanical stiffness and fluid permeability of the fracture‐rock system during fracture closure including mechanisms that impact the contact surface geometry like asperity yield and deposit of fracture‐filling material in the open space of the rough fracture. The largely observed stiffness characteristic is shown to be related to the self‐affine property of the fracture surface. A strong anisotropy of the fracture permeability is evidenced when the fluid percolation thresholds are exceeded in two orthogonal directions of the imposed pressure gradient. We propose a unifying physically based law for the evolution of stiffness and permeability in the form of an exponential increase in stiffness as permeability decreases.
pH Distributions and Determining Processes Along the U.S. East Coast
Authors: Li Xinyu , Xu Yuan‐Yuan , Cai Wei‐Jun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractpH is a key index in ocean biogeochemical and acidification research. However, there remains a limited understanding of the spatial patterns and drivers of pH across different coastal oceans. In this study, we present the distribution of spectrophotometric pHT (in total proton scale) from a synoptic summer cruise in 2018. We examine the processes controlling pHT along the U.S. East Coast, covering the South Atlantic Bight (SAB), Mid‐Atlantic Bight (MAB), and Gulf of Maine (GoM). Our findings reveal a continuous low pHT band associated with the oxygen minimum and CO2 maximum zone along the slope of the entire east coast, extending from the bottom layer (∼1,000 m) in the SAB to the middle layer (300–500 m) in the MAB and GoM. We also identified unique low pHT features in each subregion, including an onshore upwelling of the low pHT slope water in the SAB, a seasonal low pHT feature on the bottom of the MAB shelf associated with the Cold Pool water, and an inflow of low pHT slope water to the bottom of the GoM. Our findings suggest that net biological production plays a prominent role in regulating sea‐surface pHT, driving it away from the air‐sea equilibrated pHT and mitigating the pHT decrease caused by the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake. Furthermore, net biological respiration dominates the interior pHT distributions. Our analysis provides new insights and establishes a foundation for interpreting future pH changes in response to processes such as water masses shifting, ocean warming, and anthropogenic carbon uptake in coastal oceans.
Insights Into the Influence of Anthropogenic Emissions on the Formation of Secondary Organic Aerosols Based on Online Measurements
Authors: Yi Yanan , Li Rui , Zhang Kun , Yang Xudong , Li Qing , Geng Chunmei , Chen Hui , Yang Wen , Yu Jian Zhen , Li Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo investigate the combined impacts of anthropogenic and biogenic emissions on the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), SOA molecular tracers, their corresponding volatile organic compound precursors, and other air pollutants were measured online during the winter and summer seasons of 2022 in an industrial city, Zibo, China. The results indicate that the average concentrations of SOA tracers were 16.1 ± 9.8 ng m−3 in winter and 99.4 ± 57.2 ng m−3 in summer. During winter, anthropogenic SOA (ASOA, the sum of SOA derived from naphthalene and mono‐aromatic volatile organic compounds) dominated, whereas isoprene SOA (SOAI) prevailed in summer. Correlation analysis between SO42− and both SOAI and high‐order monoterpene SOA tracers (SOAM‐H) (R = 0.46–0.72, p < 0.001) revealed that higher aerosol acidity facilitated the formation of SOAI and SOAM‐H, with SO2 emissions playing a significant role in leading to higher acidity. Most biogenic SOA (BSOA) tracers exhibited a significant positive correlation with NO3−, particularly in winter, implying the remarkable influence of NOx emissions on BSOA formation. The levels of BSOA tracers increased with NH3, indicating that NH3 can enhance the formation of BSOA. In summer, SOA formation correlated with Ox (Ox = O3 + NO2), indicating the substantial impact of atmospheric oxidizing capacity on SOA formation. During winter, aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) correlated well with SOAI tracers (i.e., 3‐hydroxyglutaric acid (3‐HGA) and 3‐hydroxy‐4,4‐dimethylglutaric acid (3‐HDMGA)), and 2,3‐dihydroxy‐4‐oxopentanoic acid (DHOPA) (R > 0.5, p < 0.001), indicating the important contribution of aqueous‐phase formation of SOA. These findings underscore the significant role of anthropogenic pollutant emissions in the formation of ASOA and BSOA in urban environments.