bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Invasive Community-Acquired Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Infections During a Period of Declining Community Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections at a Large Children’s Hospital
Authors: Hultén Kristina G. , Mason Edward O. , Lamberth Linda B. , Forbes Andrea R. , Revell Paula A. , Kaplan Sheldon L. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The epidemiology of community acquired (CA) Staphylococcus aureus infections is changing in the United States. We investigated the current epidemiology of S. aureus infections at Texas Children’s Hospital.

Methods:
Patients with CA-S. aureus skin and soft tissue and invasive infections were retrospectively identified from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2014. Invasive CA-MSSA isolates were characterized by pulsed field gel electrophoresis, Spa typing, agr type and presence of lukSF-PV (pvl) genes. Medical records were reviewed. Statistical analyses included Fisher exact, χ2 for trend and Wilcoxon tests.

Results:
CA-MRSA infections decreased by 60.4% (1461–578 infections) from 2007 to 2014 (P < 0.0001), while CA-MSSA infections averaged 550 infections annually. Invasive CA-MRSA infections decreased by 67.2% from 61 to 20 infections (P < 0.0001); invasive CA-MSSA averaged 44 infections annually. Among 296 invasive CA-MSSA isolates, 74 (25%) isolates were USA300 and 88 (30%) were pvl+. USA300 declined among invasive CA-MSSA over time (P < 0.008). Musculoskeletal infections were most common (242/296, 82%); 52/242 (21.5%) isolates were USA300 and 62/242 (25.6%) pvl+. All 18 isolates from musculoskeletal infections with deep venous thrombosis and/or septic shock were pvl+ and 16/18 (88.9%) were USA300. Pneumonia isolates were mainly USA300 (8, 66.7%) and pvl+ (11, 91.7%).

Conclusions:
MSSA now cause the majority of invasive CA-S. aureus infections at our institution. Molecular analysis of invasive CA-MSSA isolates suggests strain diversity with USA300 on the decline and that disease presentations are to some extent strain specific. Changes in the CA-S. aureus epidemiology may, in part, be related to changes in immunity to the USA300 clone in the general population.
Sensory phenotype and risk factors for painful diabetic neuropathy: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: Raputova Jana , Srotova Iva , Vlckova Eva , Sommer Claudia , Üçeyler Nurcan , Birklein Frank , Rittner Heike L. , Rebhorn Cora , Adamova Blanka , Kovalova Ivana , Kralickova Nekvapilova Eva , Forer Lucas , Belobradkova Jana , Olsovsky Jindrich , Weber Pavel , Dusek Ladislav , Jarkovsky Jiri , Bednarik Josef 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Different sensory profiles in diabetic distal symmetrical sensory-motor polyneuropathy (DSPN) may be associated with pain and the responsiveness to analgesia. We aimed to characterize sensory phenotypes of patients with painful and painless diabetic neuropathy and to assess demographic, clinical, metabolic, and electrophysiological parameters related to the presence of neuropathic pain in a large cohort of well-defined DSPN subjects. This observational cross-sectional multi-center cohort study (performed as part of the ncRNAPain EU consortium) of 232 subjects with nonpainful (n = 74) and painful (n = 158) DSPN associated with diabetes mellitus of type 1 and 2 (median age 63 years, range 21-87 years; 92 women) comprised detailed history taking, laboratory tests, neurological examination, quantitative sensory testing, nerve conduction studies, and neuropathy severity scores. All parameters were analyzed with regard to the presence and severity of neuropathic pain. Neuropathic pain was positively correlated with the severity of neuropathy and thermal hyposensitivity (P < 0.001). A minority of patients with painful DSPN (14.6%) had a sensory profile, indicating thermal hypersensitivity that was associated with less severe neuropathy. Neuropathic pain was further linked to female sex and higher cognitive appraisal of pain as assessed by the pain catastrophizing scale (P < 0.001), while parameters related to diabetes showed no influence on neuropathic pain with the exception of laboratory signs of nephropathy. This study confirms the value of comprehensive DSPN phenotyping and underlines the importance of the severity of neuropathy for the presence of pain. Different sensory phenotypes might be useful for stratification of patients with painful DSPN for analgesic treatment and drug trials.
Stepping Back to Move Forward: Evaluating the Effectiveness of a Diabetes Prevention Program Within a Large Integrated Healthcare Delivery System
Authors: Brunisholz Kimberly D. , Joy Elizabeth A. , Hashibe Mia , Gren Lisa H. , Savitz Lucy A. , Hamilton Sharon , Cannon Wayne , Huynh Kelly , Schafer Tonya A. N. , Newman Laurel M. , Parker Jodi , Musselman Joilynne , Kim Jaewhan 
Published: August 2017

Objective:
To evaluate the short-term effectiveness of the Intermountain Healthcare (IH) Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) for patients with prediabetes (preDM) deployed within primary care clinics.

Study Design:
A quasi-experimental study design was used to deploy the DPP within the IH system to identify patients with preDM and target a primary goal of a 5% weight loss within 6–12 months of enrollment.

Study Population:
Adults (aged 18–75 years) who met the American Diabetes Association criteria for preDM were included for study. Patients who attended DPP counseling between August 2013 and July 2014 were considered as the intervention (or DPP) group. The DPP group was matched using propensity scores at a 1:4 ratio with a control group of patients with preDM who did not participate in DPP.

Results:
Of the 17,142 patients who met the inclusion criteria for preDM, 40% had an in-person office visit with their provider. On average, patients were 58 years old, and greater than 60% were women. Based on multivariate logistic regression, the DPP group was more likely to achieve a 5% weight loss within 6–12 months after enrollment (OR = 1.70; 95% CI = 1.29–2.25; p < .001) when compared with the no-DPP group.

Conclusions:
Diabetes Prevention Program–based lifestyle interventions demonstrated significant reduction in body weight and incident Type 2 diabetes mellitus when compared with nonenrollees.
Using Technology to Support Data Analytics: A Chief Nursing Officer Accountability Scorecard
Authors: Polancich Shea , Poe Terri , Hackney Natalie , Williamson Jason 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:
Accountability for health system improvement is a requirement for nursing leadership in practice. However, to be accountable for organizational goals, nurse leaders need the tools to identify gaps in their microsystems of care. The purpose of this article was to provide a case study example of chief nursing officer (CNO) leadership in using a technology solution to develop a CNO accountability scorecard. This project highlights the HQ Essential for data analytics using an innovative technological approach to drive improvement at the front line of clinical care.
Increased Risk of Mortality Associated With Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiency in Patients With Chronic Pancreatitis
Authors: de la Iglesia-Garcia Daniel , Vallejo-Senra Nicolau , Iglesias-Garcia Julio , López-López Andrea , Nieto Laura , Domínguez-Muñoz J. Enrique 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (PEI) is a common serious complication in chronic pancreatitis (CP); however, little is known about its effect on mortality in these patients. In this study, we assessed the mortality risk of PEI in patients with CP.

Study:
A prospective, longitudinal cohort study conducted in patients with CP under long-term follow-up. CP and PEI were diagnosed using pancreatic imaging and the 13C-labeled mixed triglyceride breath test, respectively. Multivariate analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of PEI and other clinical features on mortality risk.

Results:
Patients (N=430) were analyzed (79.1% male; mean age, 47.8 y) during a mean follow-up of 8.6±4.6 years. PEI prevalence was 29.3% and mortality was 10.9%. Most frequent causes of death were cancer (40.4%), infection (21.3%), and acute cardiovascular event (14.9%). Multivariate analyses showed associations between increased mortality and presence of PEI [hazard ratio (HR), 2.59; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.42-4.71; P<0.003], liver cirrhosis (HR, 3.87; 95% CI, 1.95-7.69; P<0.001), age at diagnosis (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.09; P<0.001), toxic etiology of CP (HR, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.11-8.70; P<0.05) and respiratory comorbidity (HR, 2.19; 95% CI, 1.12-4.31; P<0.03). Nutritional markers were significantly lower in patients with PEI versus those without PEI (P<0.001) and in those who died versus survivors (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
PEI was a significant independent risk factor for mortality in patients with CP. These results support further research into the optimal treatment of PEI to reduce mortality in this population.
Beyond Abdominal Pain
Authors: Keller Craig E. , Wilcox Charles Mel , Gudleski Gregory D. , Branham Stacey , Lackner Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2017

Goals:
To assess the relationship between pain, psychological processes, and quality of life (QOL) in chronic pancreatitis (CP).

Background:
CP is a progressive inflammatory disorder of the pancreas characteristically resulting in abdominal pain and impairing QOL. Pain due to CP is poorly understood and frequently difficult to treat. This pain has historically been understood as a peripheral process originating from the pancreas itself, but a growing body of literature is revealing an important role offered by central influences. Viewed through the perspective of the biopsychosocial model of illness, cognitive variables strongly influence QOL. However, there is little understanding of variables that influence QOL in CP.

Study:
Patients with CP from the University of Alabama at Birmingham were administered a 165-question test battery which was comprised of questionnaires evaluating pain beliefs, disease-specific QOL, psychological distress, pain sensation, pain affect, and long-term suffering.

Results:
Sixty-eight subjects completed the question battery between February 28, 2011 and January 16, 2014. Almost all (91.2%) reported taking pain medication. QOL was significantly associated with reported levels of pain intensity (r=−0.52, P<0.01) as well as perceived self-blame.

Conclusions:
The significant predictors of QOL impairment in CP are pain intensity and perceived self-blame for pain. Further research is needed to elucidate this relationship while also evaluating the effectiveness of systematic modification of these variables in an attempt to improve pain and QOL in CP.
Evaluation of 2-stage Treatment for Cervical Dorsal Rami Entrapment Syndrome
Authors: Li Qi , Wang Jing-Wu , Zeng Bing-Fang , Cai Yi-Ming , Zhang Chang-Qing 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:
To evaluate the effectiveness of a 2-stage nonoperative treatment for patients with cervical dorsal rami entrapment syndrome.

Materials and Methods:
The study included 66 patients diagnosed with cervical dorsal rami entrapment syndrome randomized to an experimental group (n=33) and control group (n=33). The experimental group was treated with additional diagnostic block if regular 2 weeks medication was not effective. The control group only received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for 2 weeks. A visual analog scale (VAS) and pain treatment satisfaction scale (PTSS) were used to assess pain. Muscle power in the upper limbs was also assessed. The registration number of this study is ChiCTR-IIR-15007565.

Results:
The VAS scores of the experimental group were significantly lower at 2, 4, and 6 months after treatment compared with baseline and the VAS scores of the control group (all P<0.001). The PTSS scores of the experimental group were significantly higher at 2, 4, and 6 months after treatment compared with baseline and the PTSS scores of the control group (all P<0.001). Maximal muscle power after treatment was significantly greater in the experimental group compared with the control group for shoulder abduction (P<0.001), thumb pinch force (P=0.001), and grasp (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
The results suggest that the 2-stage treatment is effective for patients with cervical dorsal rami entrapment syndrome.
Are You Making an Impact? Evaluating the Population Health Impact of Community Benefit Programs
Authors: Rains Catherine M. , Todd Greta , Kozma Nicole , Goodman Melody S. 
Published: August 2017

Context:
The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes a change to the IRS 990 Schedule H, requiring nonprofit hospitals to submit a community health needs assessment every 3 years. Such health care entities are challenged to evaluate the effectiveness of community benefit programs addressing the health needs identified.

Objective:
In an effort to determine the population health impact of community benefit programs in 1 hospital outreach department, researchers and staff conducted an impact evaluation to develop priority areas and overarching goals along with program- and department-level objectives.

Design:
The longitudinal impact evaluation study design consists of retrospective and prospective secondary data analyses.

Setting:
As an urban pediatric hospital, St Louis Children's Hospital provides an array of community benefit programs to the surrounding community.

Participants:
Hospital staff and researchers came together to form an evaluation team. Data from program evaluation and administrative data for analysis were provided by hospital staff.

Main Outcome Measure:
Impact scores were calculated by scoring objectives as met or unmet and averaged across goals to create impact scores that measure how closely programs meet the overarching departmental mission and goals.

Results:
Over the 4-year period, there is an increasing trend in program-specific impact scores across all programs except one, Healthy Kids Express Asthma, which had a slight decrease in year 4 only.

Implications:
Current work in measuring and assessing the population health impact of community benefit programs is mostly focused on quantifying dollars invested into community benefit work rather than measuring the quality and impact of services. This article provides a methodology for measuring population health impact of community benefit programs that can be used to evaluate the effort of hospitals in providing community benefit. This is particularly relevant in our changing health care climate, as hospitals are being asked to justify community benefit and make meaningful contributions to population health. The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act includes a change to the IRS 990 Schedule H, requiring nonprofit hospitals to submit a community health needs assessment every 3 years, and requires evaluation of program effectiveness; yet, it does not require any quantification of the impact of community benefit programs. The IRS Schedule H 990 policies could be strengthened by requiring an impact evaluation such as outlined in this article.

Conclusion:
As hospitals are being asked to justify community benefit and make meaningful contributions to population health, impact evaluations can be utilized to demonstrate the cumulative community benefit of programs and assess population health impact of community benefit programs.
Patient Recall of Informed Consent at 4 Weeks After Total Hip Replacement With Standardized Versus Procedure-Specific Consent Forms
Authors: Pomeroy Eoghan , Shaarani Shahril , Kenyon Robert , Cashman James 
Published: August 2017

Objectives
Informed consent plays a pivotal role in the operative process, and surgeons have an ethical and legal obligation to provide patients with information to allow for shared decision-making. Unfortunately, patient recall after the consent process is frequently poor. This study aims to evaluate the effect of procedure-specific consent forms on patient’s recall four weeks after total hip replacement (THR).

Methods
This is a prospective study using a posttest-only control group design. Sixty adult patients undergoing total hip replacement were allocated to be consented using either the generic or the surgery-specific consent form. Four weeks after surgery, a phone interview was conducted to assess patient’s recall of risk of surgical complications.

Results
Patient demographic characteristics and educational attainment were similar in both groups. There was a statistically significant increase in the mean number of risks recalled in the study group at 1.43 compared with 0.67 in the control group (P = 0.0131).

Conclusions
Consent is a complex process, and obtaining informed consent is far from straightforward. A statistically significant improvement in patient’s recall with the use of procedure-specific consent forms was identified, and based on this, we would advocate their use. However, overall patient recall in both groups was poor. We believe that improving the quality of informed consent may require the sum of small gains, and the use of procedure-specific consent forms may aid in this regard.
Platelet-Derived Microvesicles: A Potential Therapy for Trauma-Induced Coagulopathy
Authors: Lopez Ernesto , Srivastava Amit K. , Pati Shibani , Holcomb John B. , Wade Charles E. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTTrauma patients are often affected by a hypocoagulable condition referred to as trauma-induced coagulopathy (TIC) for which few therapeutic options exist. One available treatment is fresh platelets transfusion, although it is not efficacious enough and has a number of limitations. Therefore, we reviewed the literature to propose an alternative therapy based on platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs), which are cellular fragments surrounded by extracellular membrane and filled with cytoplasmic content. This concept is supported by a large number of studies in which the hypercoagulable role of PMVs has been demonstrated and associated with thrombosis-related conditions. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is currently known about PMVs and discuss whether a transfusion of isolated human PMVs could be used as a therapy for TIC.
John Philip Cooper CBE. 16 December 1923—18 November 2011
Authors: Edwards Kenneth 
Published: August 2017

John Cooper's innovative research into the genetics of plant growth and development was established with the aim of identifying characters which would guide plant breeders in their selection programmes. Working with certain forage grasses (mainly ryegrass but also cocksfoot and fescue), he analysed growth and development into components, including flowering time, leaf development, photosynthetic efficiency, canopy structure in the crop and nutritional quality. He and his colleagues were able to show, by a combination of selection experiments and comparisons of variance between and within families, that considerable genetic variation existed within all varieties of these outbreeding crops. All the characters were polygenic, with no evidence of individual genes manifesting distinct Mendelian ratios. Cooper obtained information of great value for the plant breeders with whom he worked closely. His research stimulated others to build on his ideas when new molecular techniques became available.
After two decades of creative research at the Welsh Plant Breeding Station, John Cooper became its Director in 1975. This coincided with a turbulent period in government-sponsored agricultural research that involved reductions in funding. Cooper disagreed with the underlying policy changes, but he worked hard to minimize the number of redundancies and the damage to the scientific work of the station. Overall, John Cooper had a distinguished scientific career. His personal achievements from his own research activities and that of his colleagues were unique and innovative. He led by example, by stimulation and by inspiration, and developed a wide international influence for his ideas.
BLAST-based validation of metagenomic sequence assignments
Authors: Bazinet Adam L. , Ondov Brian D. , Sommer Daniel D. , Ratnayake Shashikala 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhen performing bioforensic casework, it is important to be able to reliably detect the presence of a particular organism in a metagenomic sample, even if the organism is only present in a trace amount. For this task, it is common to use a sequence classification program that determines the taxonomic affiliation of individual sequence reads by comparing them to reference database sequences. As metagenomic data sets often consist of millions or billions of reads that need to be compared to reference databases containing millions of sequences, such sequence classification programs typically use search heuristics and databases with reduced sequence diversity to speed up the analysis, which can lead to incorrect assignments. Thus, in a bioforensic setting where correct assignments are paramount, assignments of interest made by “first-pass” classifiers should be confirmed using the most precise methods and comprehensive databases available. In this study we present ablast-based method for validating the assignments made by less precise sequence classification programs, with optimal parameters for filtering ofblastresults determined via simulation of sequence reads from genomes of interest, and we apply the method to the detection of four pathogenic organisms. The software implementing the method is open source and freely available.