bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comment on Non‐unique stratal geometries: implications for sequence stratigraphic interpretations, by: P.M. Burgess and G.D. Prince,Basin Research(2015) 27, 351–365
Authors: Catuneanu Octavian , Zecchin Massimo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe non‐unique variability highlighted by Burgess & Prince (Basin Res. 2015,27, 351) (i.e. the origin and timing of maximum flooding surfaces, maximum regressive surfaces and subaerial unconformities; the process of topset aggradation in relation with the various types of shoreline trajectory; and the multiple controls that may affect the progradation and retrogradation of a shoreline) is irrelevant to the workflow of sequence stratigraphy. What is relevant is the observation of the unique stratal geometries that are diagnostic to the definition of all units and surfaces of sequence stratigraphy. In downstream‐controlled settings, these unique stratal stacking patterns relate to the forced regressive, normal regressive and transgressive shoreline trajectories. Multiple controls interplay during the formation of each type of stacking pattern, including accommodation, sediment supply and the energy of the sediment‐transport agents. This interplay explains the non‐unique variability, but does not change the unique criteria that afford a consistent application of sequence stratigraphy. Failure to rationalize the non‐unique variability within the context of unique stratal geometries is counterproductive, and obscures the simple workflow of sequence stratigraphy.
Visual outcomes with femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery versus conventional cataract surgery in toric IOL insertion
Authors: Oakley Carmen L , Ewe Shaun Y , Allen Penelope L , Vote Brendan J 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo evaluate the visual outcomes of femtosecond laser‐assisted cataract surgery (LCS) compared with phacoemulsification cataract surgery (PCS) in patients undergoing Toric IOL insertion.DesignA non‐randomized, single surgeon, prospective, comparative cohort case seriesParticipantsPatients undergoing LCS and PCS between January 2012 and July 2014 at a single center.MethodsThe LCS group underwent femtosecond laser pretreatment for the anterior capsulotomy and lens fragmentation. Otherwise standard phacoemulsification surgery and foldable toric intraocular lens insertion proceeded.Main Outcome MeasuresBest corrected visual acuity (BCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), pre and post operative cylinder and mean absolute refractive error.ResultsA total of 418 eyes from 323 patients were included in the study; with 95 eyes in the PCS group and 323 in the LCS group. There were 243 (75.5%) LCS eyes with a pre‐operative BCVA of 20/40 or better and 54 (56.8%) in the PCS group (p < 0.001). For post‐operative BCVA, 315 (97.5 %) LCS and 81 (85.3%) PCS eyes had a BCVA of 20/40 or better (p = <0.001). However, there was no significant difference for change in BCVA between the groups (mean gain in EDTRS letter 11.0 for LCS and 10.3 for PCS p = 0.64) or in MAE (mean 0.56D PCS vs 0.65D LCS p = 0.18).ConclusionIn patients receiving toric intraocular lenses, there is similar improvement in terms of letters gained with LCS and PCS. Overall, there is no additional benefit for patients undergoing LCS in this cohort.
Tranexamic acid in epistaxis: a systematic review
Authors: Kamhieh Y. , Fox H. 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe role of tranexamic acid in the management of epistaxis remains unclear. There is uncertainty about its safety and about the contraindications for its use. We performed a systematic review of the use of systemic and topical tranexamic acid in epistaxis and a comparative review of its use in other specialties.Objective of reviewThis review assesses and summarises the existing evidence for the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in the management of epistaxis.Type of reviewSystematic review.Search strategyMEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for ‘epistaxis’ and equivalent MESH terms, combined with the Boolean operator ‘OR’ and ‘tranexamic acid’. The Cochrane library and society guidelines were reviewed for evidence regarding the use of tranexamic acid in other specialties.Evaluation methodAll five relevant RCTs were included in the review and were evaluated according to the recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews.ResultsThree RCTS pertained to spontaneous epistaxis; of these, one trial found no benefit of oral tranexamic acid in acute epistaxis, one trial found no significant benefit of topical tranexamic acid, but the largest of the trials showed significant benefit of topical tranexamic acid in acute epistaxis management. Two RCTs examined oral tranexamic acid for prophylaxis of recurrent epistaxes in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia; both showed significant reduction in severity and frequency.ConclusionsTranexamic acid, as a WHO ‘essential medicine’, is a powerful, readily available tool, the use of which in epistaxis has been limited by uncertainty over its efficacy and its safety profile. This systematic review summarises the existing evidence and extrapolates from the wealth of data for other specialties to address the clinical question – does TXA have a role in epistaxis management?
When Absence of Evidence Is Evidence of Absence: Rational Inferences From Absent Data
Authors: Hsu Anne S. , Horng Andy , Griffiths Thomas L. , Chater Nick 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIdentifying patterns in the world requires noticing not only unusual occurrences, but also unusual absences. We examined how people learn from absences, manipulating the extent to which an absence is expected. People can make two types of inferences from the absence of an event: either the event is possible but has not yet occurred, or the event never occurs. A rational analysis using Bayesian inference predicts that inferences from absent data should depend on how much the absence is expected to occur, with less probable absences being more salient. We tested this prediction in two experiments in which we elicited people's judgments about patterns in the data as a function of absence salience. We found that people were able to decide that absences either were mere coincidences or were indicative of a significant pattern in the data in a manner that was consistent with predictions of a simple Bayesian model.
Case of Barrett's adenocarcinoma with marked endoscopic morphological changes in Barrett's esophagus over a long follow‐up period of 15 years
Authors: Iwaya Yugo , Yamazaki Tomoo , Watanabe Takayuki , Seki Ayako , Ochi Yasuhide , Hara Etsuo , Arakura Norikazu , Tanaka Eiji , Hasebe Osamu 
Published: March 2016

The natural history of Barrett's esophagus (BE) is unclear. We herein describe a case of Barrett's adenocarcinoma (BAC) in which we could closely observe marked morphological changes in BE over a long follow‐up period of 15 years. A man in his seventies received routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and was diagnosed as having reflux esophagitis and short‐segment BE. The BE gradually became elongated, and BAC was detected 9 years following the initial EGD examination with continued administration of a proton pump inhibitor. We witnessed that BE elongated sporadically over time and mucosal breaks of reflux esophagitis were detectable several years before elongation. The patient underwent endoscopic submucosal dissection for BAC and has been monitored by EGD every year thereafter. These remarkable morphological changes may be representative of the natural history of BE and aid in deciding long‐term disease management.
Forest understory plant and soil microbial response to an experimentally induced drought and heat‐pulse event: the importance of maintaining the continuum
Authors: von Rein Isabell , Gessler Arthur , Premke Katrin , Keitel Claudia , Ulrich Andreas , Kayler Zachary E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDrought duration and intensity are expected to increase with global climate change. How changes in water availability and temperature affect the combined plant–soil–microorganism response remains uncertain. We excavated soil monoliths from a beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) forest, thus keeping the understory plant–microbe communities intact, imposed an extreme climate event, consisting of drought and/or a single heat‐pulse event, and followed microbial community dynamics over a time period of 28 days. During the treatment, we labeled the canopy with 13CO2 with the goal of (i) determining the strength of plant–microbe carbon linkages under control, drought, heat and heat–drought treatments and (ii) characterizing microbial groups that are tightly linked to the plant–soil carbon continuum based on 13C‐labeled PLFAs. Additionally, we used 16S rRNA sequencing of bacteria from the Ah horizon to determine the short‐term changes in the active microbial community. The treatments did not sever within‐plant transport over the experiment, and carbon sinks belowground were still active. Based on the relative distribution of labeled carbon to roots and microbial PLFAs, we determined that soil microbes appear to have a stronger carbon sink strength during environmental stress. High‐throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA revealed multiple trajectories in microbial community shifts within the different treatments. Heat in combination with drought had a clear negative effect on microbial diversity and resulted in a distinct shift in the microbial community structure that also corresponded to the lowest level of label found in the PLFAs. Hence, the strongest changes in microbial abundances occurred in the heat–drought treatment where plants were most severely affected. Our study suggests that many of the shifts in the microbial communities that we might expect from extreme environmental stress will result from the plant–soil–microbial dynamics rather than from direct effects of drought and heat on soil microbes alone.
Understanding hotspots within a global hotspot – identifying the drivers of regional species richness patterns in terrestrial subterranean habitats
Authors: Bregović Petra , Zagmajster Maja 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

We tested three hypotheses (productive energy, habitat heterogeneity, historical climate stability) to explain regional species richness patterns in subterranean habitats, which have less habitat/climatic variability than surface habitats.

For the first time, we investigated the pattern of two species richness hotspots in the world's richest region in subterranean biodiversity in southeast Europe. We used distribution records for 388 species of beetles, the most species rich group of terrestrial subterranean fauna, belonging to subfamilies Trechinae (Carabidae) and Leptodirinae (Cholevidae), and mapped them onto a 20 × 20 km grid.

We applied spatial and non‐spatial multiple regression, using generalised linear models and spatial eigenvector mapping. The relative importance of each hypothesis, and of the spatial versus the environmental components, was assessed with variation partitioning. We analysed the total dataset as well as each subfamily separately.

Our results show that although the relative importance of species richness drivers differed among taxonomic groups, in most cases habitat heterogeneity had the biggest influence. It was followed by historical climate stability, while productive energy had a neglecting effect. This proves that even though habitat variability is smaller in subterranean than in surface habitats, its gradient is still strong enough to explain species richness patterns better than the other two hypotheses.

Identification of the drivers shaping the two regional species richness hotspots within a global hotspot of highly endemic subterranean fauna is important for conservation practices. Additionally, we contribute to the general understanding of species richness patterns of insects, by providing the first detailed analyses on a regional scale for subterranean systems.
How and when should flightless, saproxylic, litter‐dwelling coleoptera be surveyed?
Authors: Cateau Eugénie , Courtin Olivier , Brustel Hervé 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

The limited dispersal and the high trophic requirements of flightless saproxylic beetles makes them good indicators of spatial and temporal continuity. Few studies have been conducted on these species, and the two main studies produced contradictory results. Knowledge is thus lacking on this fauna, but before performing experiments to assess their value as indicators, it is important to know how and when they can be sampled.

Sieving litter and Berlese extraction in six oak woodlands showed that sampling 10 trees per forest is sufficient to capture 97.2% of the fauna present.

Two stands were surveyed at monthly intervals for 2 years to determine the species phenology. All the species were present throughout the year. Variation in abundance was only observed in four out of 11 species. Spring and fall were shown to be the best periods to survey them in the litter. No significant variation in abundance was observed between the two sampling years. This fauna thus appears to be very stable over time.

Certain climate parameters, high humidity (little sunshine and rainfall several days before sampling) may result in the beetles being more abundant in the litter at certain times. For efficient sampling, long periods of fine weather should thus be avoided.
Disseminated anetoderma in a patient with nodal Epstein–Barr virus‐associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma: Anetodermic form of a concurrent discordant cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma
Authors: Varshney Anupam , Goyal Tarang , Zawar Vijay , Tinguely Marianne , Kempf Werner 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPatients with a lymphoma have an increased risk of developing a second lymphoproliferative disorder. The association of nodal Hodgkin lymphoma and primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma (MALT type) is exceptional, and only very few cases have been documented. Anetoderma represents a circumscribed loss or rarefication of elastic fibers. Different underlying processes may result in anetoderma, including cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma. We report a 50‐year‐old male patient with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated nodal Hodgkin lymphoma who presented with disseminated anetodermic skin lesions. Biopsies of the skin lesions revealed a B‐cell infiltrate containing monoclonal plasma cells but without detection of EBV. The skin lesions represent an anetodermic form of primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma. It is the first case report of an association of anetodermic cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma and a synchronous EBV‐associated nodal Hodgkin lymphoma.
Susceptibility of swine to H5 and H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses
Authors: Balzli Charles , Lager Kelly , Vincent Amy , Gauger Phillip , Brockmeier Susan , Miller Laura , Richt Juergen A , Ma Wenjun , Suarez David , Swayne David E 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe ability of pigs to become infected with low pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) viruses and then generate mammalian adaptable influenza A viruses is difficult to determine. Yet, it is an important link to understanding any relationship between LPAI virus ecology and possible epidemics among swine and/or humans.ObjectivesAssess susceptibility of pigs to LPAI viruses found within the United States and their direct contact transmission potential.MethodsPigs were inoculated with one of ten H5 or H7 LPAI viruses selected from seven different bird species to test infectivity, virulence, pathogenesis, and potential to transmit virus to contact pigs through histological, RRT‐PCR and seroconversion data.ResultsAlthough pigs were susceptible to infection with each of the LPAI viruses, no clinical disease was recognized in any pig. During the acute phase of the infection, minor pulmonary lesions were found in some pigs and one or more pigs in each group were RRT‐PCR‐positive in the lower respiratory tract, but no virus was detected in upper respiratory tract (negative nasal swabs). Except for one group, one or more pigs in each LPAI group developed antibody. No LPAI viruses transmitted to contact pigs.ConclusionsLPAI strains from various bird populations within the United States are capable of infecting pigs. Although adaptability and transmission of individual strains seem unlikely, the subclinical nature of the infections demonstrates the need to improve sampling and testing methods to more accurately measure incidence of LPAI virus infection in pigs, and their potential role in human‐zoonotic LPAI virus dynamics.
Bridging the Gap: A Manual Primer into Design Computing in the Context of Basic Design Education
Authors: Uysal V. Şafak , Topaloğlu Fulden 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDesign education is in need of a wider restructuring to accommodate new developments and paradigmatic shifts brought forth by the information age, all of which capitalise a move towards complexity theory, systems science and digital technologies. The intention of this article is to approach one particular aspect of this need: that is, how basic design education can be reconsidered to establish the arguably broken link between the ‘learning by doing’ tradition of a Bauhaus‐oriented basic design education with the computational and parametric logic necessitated by contemporary design technologies. The authors present the overall outlines of a basic design course as offered in Beykent University Department of Industrial Design in Istanbul, Turkey. The programme consists of a series of exercises grouped in five modules and two ‘binders’ that are structured to link the fundamental notions and operations of design thinking covered in basic design courses of the first year with the analytical and computational‐reasoning competencies that are developed mostly in the later years of design education.
Suppression of IL‐8‐Src signalling axis by 17β‐estradiol inhibits human mesenchymal stem cells‐mediated gastric cancer invasion
Authors: Liu Chung‐Jung , Kuo Fu‐Chen , Wang Chiu‐Lin , Kuo Chao‐Hung , Wang Sophie S.W. , Chen Chiao‐Yun , Huang Yaw‐Bin , Cheng Kuang‐Hung , Yokoyama Kazunari K. , Chen Chun‐Lin , Lu Chien‐Yu , Wu Deng‐Chyang 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEpidemiologic data show the incidence of gastric cancer in men is twofold higher than in women worldwide. Oestrogen is reported to have the capacity against gastric cancer development. Endogenous oestrogen reduces gastric cancer incidence in women. Cancer patients treated with oestrogens have a lower subsequent risk of gastric cancer. Accumulating studies report that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) might contribute to the progression of gastric cancer through paracrine effect of soluble factors. Here, we further explore the effect of oestrogen on BMMSCs‐mediated human gastric cancer invasive motility. We founded that HBMMSCs notably secrete interleukin‐8 (IL‐8) protein. Administration of IL‐8 specific neutralizing antibody significantly inhibits HBMMSCs‐mediated gastric cancer motility. Treatment of recombinant IL‐8 soluble protein confirmed the role of IL‐8 in mediating HBMMSCs‐up‐regulated cell motility. IL‐8 up‐regulates motility activity through Src signalling pathway in human gastric cancer. We further observed that 17β ‐estradiol inhibit HBMMSCS‐induced cell motility via suppressing activation of IL8‐Src signalling in human gastric cancer cells. 17β‐estradiol inhibits IL8‐up‐regulated Src downstream target proteins including p‐Cas, p‐paxillin, p‐ERK1/2, p‐JNK1/2, MMP9, tPA and uPA. These results suggest that 17β‐estradiol significantly inhibits HBMMSCS‐induced invasive motility through suppressing IL8‐Src signalling axis in human gastric cancer cells.
Human leukocyte antigen typing using buccal swabs as accurate and non‐invasive substitute for venipuncture in children at risk for celiac disease
Authors: Adriaanse Marlou P M , Vreugdenhil Anita C E , Vastmans Véronique , Groeneveld Lisette , Molenbroeck Stefan , Schott Dina A , Voorter Christina E M , Tilanus Marcel G J 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackground and AimHuman leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing is an important step in the diagnostic algorithm for celiac disease (CD) and is also used for screening purposes. Collection of blood is invasive and accompanied with emotional impact especially in children. Genetic technological progress now enables HLA typing from buccal cell samples. This study evaluated the reliability and feasibility of HLA typing for CD‐associated HLA polymorphisms using buccal swabs as routine test in high‐risk individuals.MethodsBlood and buccal swabs of 77 children and adolescents with high risk for CD were prospectively collected in this cohort study. Buccal swab collection was performed either by the investigator at the outpatient clinic or by the patient or its parents at home. To evaluate the possibility of self‐administration, three families performed the test at home. DNA was extracted using an adapted QIAamp method. Quantity, quality, and purity of DNA were recorded. HLA‐DRB1, HLA‐DQA1, and HLA‐DQB1 typing was examined on buccal cell‐derived and blood‐derived DNA at low and, if necessary, high resolution level, using sequence‐specific oligonucleotide and sequence‐based typing, respectively.ResultsDNA isolation using buccal swabs yielded a good quality and sufficient quantity of DNA to perform HLA‐DQ typing in all individuals. HLA typing results on buccal cell‐derived DNA were identical to typing on blood‐derived DNA, also for the self‐administered samples.ConclusionIntroduction of the buccal swab test for HLA typing of CD risk in routine diagnostics can omit the current venipuncture and enables self‐administration at home. Therefore, the buccal swab test is beneficial for individuals with a clinical suspicion for CD, as well as for screening purposes in high‐risk populations.
A simple, flexible and high‐throughput cloning system for plant genome editing via CRISPR‐Cas system
Authors: Kim Hyeran , Kim Sang‐Tae , Ryu Jahee , Choi Min Kyung , Kweon Jiyeon , Kang Beum‐Chang , Ahn Hyo‐Min , Bae Suji , Kim Jungeun , Kim Jin‐Soo , Kim Sang‐Gyu 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCRISPR‐Cas9 system is now widely used to edit a target genome in animals and plants. Cas9 protein derived from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) cleaves double‐stranded DNA targeted by a chimeric single‐guide RNA (sgRNA). For plant genome editing, Agrobacterium‐mediated T‐DNA transformation has been broadly used to express Cas9 proteins and sgRNAs under the control of CaMV 35S and U6/U3 promoter, respectively. We here developed a simple and high‐throughput binary vector system to clone a 19−20 bp of sgRNA, which binds to the reverse complement of a target locus, in a large T‐DNA binary vector containing an SpCas9 expressing cassette. Two‐step cloning procedures: (1) annealing two target‐specific oligonucleotides with overhangs specific to the AarI restriction enzyme site of the binary vector; and (2) ligating the annealed oligonucleotides into the two AarI sites of the vector, facilitate the high‐throughput production of the positive clones. In addition, Cas9‐coding sequence and U6/U3 promoter can be easily exchanged via the GatewayTM system and unique EcoRI/XhoI sites on the vector, respectively. We examined the mutation ratio and patterns when we transformed these constructs into Arabidopsis thaliana and a wild tobacco, Nicotiana attenuata. Our vector system will be useful to generate targeted large‐scale knock‐out lines of model as well as non‐model plant.
REGIONAL VARIATIONS IN LABOR DEMAND ELASTICITY: EVIDENCE FROM U.S. COUNTIES
Authors: Maiti Abhradeep , Indra Debarshi 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTWe use a large panel dataset covering the period 1988–2010 to estimate county specific own‐wage elasticity of labor demand in the U.S. for four highly aggregated industries: construction, finance/insurance/real‐estate/service, manufacturing, and retail trade. Our estimation of a random parameter panel data model yields significant evidence of spatial variations in wage elasticity of labor demand. We relate the spatial variation in elasticity to differences in county characteristics like industry specialization, industry competition, levels of natural amenity and urbanization. Using a regression discontinuity approach we also find that probusiness states have higher labor demand elasticity.