bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Presence of contagious yawning in sheep
Authors: Yonezawa Tomohiro , Sato Kohei , Uchida Mona , Matsuki Naoaki , Yamazaki Atusi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractContagious yawning is triggered by others yawning, and it has previously been reported in humans, primates and several experimental and companion mammals. Whereas it might be a response to an innate releasing mechanism, contagious yawning is also considered to involve emotional contagion. Here, we demonstrate that sheep, the animal model of livestock animals, also experience contagious yawning. Twelve adult castrated Corriedale sheep were used in this study. Pairs of sheep were adjacently restrained with or without a wooden divider panel to shield them from viewing the other. Their behaviors were video‐recorded for 3 days in each condition. Sheep yawned 2.0 ± 1.1 and 1.2 ± 1.1 times/day/head in the unshielded and shielded conditions, respectively. Unshielded restrained sheep yawned within 1 min after the other one 11.1% of the time, while shielded pairs did not exhibit contagious yawning. Rumination was also highly synchronized under the unshielded condition. These data reveal that contagious yawning and behavioral synchronicity occur in ruminants like sheep, making them a suitable animal model to investigate contagious yawning and the underlying mechanism.
Effects of nutritional status on hormone concentrations of the somatotropin axis and metabolites in plasma and colostrum of Japanese Black cows
Authors: Phomvisith Ouanh , Takahashi Hideyuki , Mai Ha Thi , Shiotsuka Yuji , Matsubara Atsuko , Sugino Toshihisa , Mcmahon Christopher D. , Etoh Tetsuji , Fujino Ryoichi , Furuse Mitsuhiro , Gotoh Takafumi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe aimed to determine the effects of nutritional status on concentrations of somatotropic axis hormones (growth hormone (GH) and insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1)), insulin and metabolites (glucose, total protein and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA)) in the plasma and colostrum in late antepartum cows. Eight pregnant Japanese Black cows were randomly assigned to two experimental groups (n = 4 per group). Control cows (CON) received 100% of their nutritional requirements until parturition, whereas restricted group cows (RES) received 60% of their nutritional requirements. Blood samples were taken during the antepartum period, and blood and colostrum samples were collected on days 0, 1, and 3 after calving. Compared to the CON group, the RES group had higher concentrations of GH and NEFA in plasma, but significantly lower concentrations of glucose and insulin in plasma. The concentrations of GH in plasma after calving were significantly higher, but total plasma protein was significantly lower in RES than in CON cows. Compared to the CON group, the RES group had significantly higher concentrations of GH in colostrum, but significantly lower total concentrations of protein in colostrum. Concentrations of IGF‐1 were not different between the two groups. These findings suggest that maternal nutritional status during late gestation influences concentrations of GH and total protein in the blood and colostrum of Japanese Black cows.
Consequences of Collaborative Governance in CSR: An Empirical Illustration of Strategic Responses to Institutional Pluralism and Some Theoretical Implications
Authors: Moratis Lars 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCollaborative governance (CG) is becoming the common currency of decision‐making, able to surmount existing institutional constraints to effectively address challenges related to sustainability and social and environmental corporate behavior. CG approaches may however result in institutional complexity. As an illustration of CG in the domain of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the ISO 26000 standard is a legitimate point of reference for organizations worldwide. The standard represents a pluralistic institutional logic that resonates several tensions arising from the domain it tries to standardize, the nature of its development process, its interpretation of CSR and the type of standard it represents. This article aims to identify and examine strategic responses to ISO 26000 by various standards‐related organizations (including national standardization institutes, certification organizations, and service providers) and to contribute to the understanding of strategic responses of organizations to pluralistic institutional logics that result from CG.
Investigating Prevalence and Pattern of Long‐term Cardiovascular Disorders in Sulphur Mustard‐exposed Victims and Determining Proper Biomarkers for Early Defining, Monitoring and Analysis of Patients’ Feedback on Therapy
Authors: Darvishi Behrad , Panahi Yunes , Ghanei Mostafa , Farahmand Leila 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAmong the most readily existing chemical warfare agents, sulphur mustard (SM), also known as mustard gas, is the most commonly used agent owing to its ease of synthesis and stockpiling. Unprotected exposure mostly results in debilitation rather than lethal injuries, leaving an exposed victim incapacitated for days to even months. Although acute toxicity of sulphur mustard has been fairly established, the long‐term post‐exposure effects either chronic or short‐term but significant are still evolving. A total of 30,000 Iranian victims of the Iran–Iraq imposed war have now – after 30 years – formed the key population demonstrating long‐term effects from sulphur mustard exposure. Recent studies have shown that the prevalence of several long‐term cardiovascular disorders (CVDs) has significantly increased among SM‐exposed victims including coronary artery disorders (CAD), coronary artery ectasia (CAE), congestive heart failure (CHF) and myocardium abnormalities. The more important point is the lack of a determinant biomarker for early screening, recognizing, treating, monitoring and estimating exposed victims’ response to applied therapy. Additionally, unidentified risk factors significantly decrease the chance of a successful therapy and result in undesired failure of a comprehensive therapeutic strategy. In this MiniReview, we examined the literature in detail to evaluate relevant reports considering long‐term cardiovascular complications of SM, detecting possible risk factors and determining possible preventing events.
Lesion volume predicts prostate cancer risk and aggressiveness: validation of its value alone and matched with prostate imaging reporting and data system score
Authors: Martorana Eugenio , Pirola Giacomo Maria , Scialpi Michele , Micali Salvatore , Iseppi Andrea , Bonetti Luca Reggiani , Kaleci Shaniko , Torricelli Pietro , Bianchi Giampaolo 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo demonstrate the association between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) estimated lesion volume (LV), prostate cancer detection and tumour clinical significance, evaluating this variable alone and matched with Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI‐RADS v2) score.Patients and methodsWe retrospectively analysed 157 consecutive patients, with at least one prior negative systematic prostatic biopsy, who underwent transperineal prostate MRI/ultrasonography fusion‐targeted biopsy between January 2014 and February 2016. Suspicious lesions were delineated using a ‘region of interest’ and the system calculated prostate volume and LV. Patients were divided in groups considering LV (≤0.5, 0.5–1, ≥1 mL) and PI‐RADS score (1–5). We considered clinically significant prostate cancer as all cancers with a Gleason score of ≥3 + 4 as suggested by PI‐RADS v2. A direct comparison between MRI estimated LV (MRI LV) and histological tumour volume (HTV) was done in 23 patients who underwent radical prostatectomy during the study period. Differences between MRI LV and HTV were assessed using the paired sample t‐test. MRI LV and HTV concordance was verified using a Bland–Altman plot. The chi‐squared test and logistic and ordinal regression models were used to evaluate difference in frequencies.ResultsThe MRI LV and PI‐RADS score were associated both with prostate cancer detection (both P < 0.001) and with significant prostate cancer detection (P < 0.001 and P = 0.008, respectively). When the two variables were matched, increasing LV increased the risk within each PI‐RADS group. Prostate cancer detection was 1.4‐times higher for LVs of 0.5–1 mL and 1.8‐times higher for LVs of ≥1 mL; significant prostate cancer detection was 2.6‐times for LVs of 0.5–1 mL and 4‐times for LVs of ≥1 mL. There was a positive correlation between MRI LV and HTV (r = 0.9876, P < 0.001). Finally, Bland–Altman analysis showed that MRI LV was underestimated by 4.2% compared to HTV. Study limitations include its monocentric and retrospective design and the limited cohort.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that PI‐RADS score and the MRI LV, independently and in combination, are associated with prostate cancer detection and with tumour clinical significance.
Adult onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) and Nasu–Hakola disease: lesion staging and dynamic changes of axons and microglial subsets
Authors: Oyanagi Kiyomitsu , Kinoshita Michiaki , Suzuki‐Kouyama Emi , Inoue Teruhiko , Nakahara Asa , Tokiwai Mika , Arai Nobutaka , Satoh Jun‐ichi , Aoki Naoya , Jinnai Kenji , Yazawa Ikuru , Arai Kimihito , Ishihara Kenji , Kawamura Mitsuru , Ishizawa Keisuke , Hasegawa Kazuko , Yagisita Saburo , Amano Naoji , Yoshida Kunihiro , Terada Seishi , Yoshida Mari , Akiyama Haruhiko , Mitsuyama Yoshio , Ikeda Shu‐ichi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe brains of 10 Japanese patients with adult onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP) encompassing hereditary diffuse leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids (HDLS) and pigmentary orthochromatic leukodystrophy (POLD) and eight Japanese patients with Nasu–Hakola disease (N‐HD) and five age‐matched Japanese controls were examined neuropathologically with special reference to lesion staging and dynamic changes of microglial subsets. In both diseases, the pathognomonic neuropathological features included spherically swollen axons (spheroids and globules), axon loss and changes of microglia in the white matter. In ALSP, four lesion stages based on the degree of axon loss were discernible: Stage I, patchy axon loss in the cerebral white matter without atrophy; Stage II, large patchy areas of axon loss with slight atrophy of the cerebral white matter and slight dilatation of the lateral ventricles; Stage III, extensive axon loss in the cerebral white matter and dilatation of the lateral and third ventricles without remarkable axon loss in the brainstem and cerebellum; Stage IV, devastated cerebral white matter with marked dilatation of the ventricles and axon loss in the brainstem and/or cerebellum. Internal capsule and pontine base were relatively well preserved in the N‐HD, even at Stage IV, and the swollen axons were larger with a higher density in the ALSP. Microglial cells immunopositive for CD68, CD163 or CD204 were far more obvious in ALSP, than in N‐HD, and the shape and density of the cells changed in each stage. With progression of the stage, clinical symptoms became worse to apathetic state, and epilepsy was frequently observed in patients at Stages III and IV in both diseases. From these findings, it is concluded that (i) shape, density and subsets of microglia change dynamically along the passage of stages and (ii) increase of IBA‐1‐, CD68‐, CD163‐ and CD204‐immunopositive cells precedes loss of axons in ALSP.
Anatomical, functional and quality‐of‐life results for mastoid and epitympanic obliteration with bioactive glass s53p4: a prospective clinical study
Authors: Bernardeschi D. , Pyatigorskaya N. , Russo F. Y. , De Seta D. , Corallo G. , Ferrary E. , Nguyen Y. , Sterkers O. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo analyse the anatomical, functional and quality‐of‐life results when using bioactive glass in mastoid and epitympanic obliteration.DesignProspective clinical study.SettingTertiary referral centre.ParticipantsForty‐one cases (39 patients) operated between May 2013 and January 2015.Main outcome measuresAnatomical results were evaluated by otomicroscopy 1 year after surgery and using imaging to detect residual disease. Functional results were studied by postoperative hearing gain. Quality of life was assessed with the Glasgow Benefit Inventory questionnaire and the success of surgery by a surgery‐specific questionnaire.ResultsAt 1 year, all patients presented a well‐healed external auditory canal, with an intact tympanic membrane. In cases with cholesteatoma (n = 23), no recurrent retraction pockets or residual disease were observed on imaging studies. The overall air–bone gap closure was 7.7 ± 1.84 dB (mean ± se of the mean, P < 0.001, paired t‐test). No significant differences were found on hearing results when comparing primary versus revision surgery, canal‐wall‐up versus canal‐wall‐down obliterations, type of tympanoplasty and presence of cholesteatoma (multifactor anova). The Glasgow Benefit Inventory improved with an average score of 28 and the success of surgery questionnaire showed a significant improvement in ear discharge and a moderate improvement in hearing and equilibrium.ConclusionsThe use of bioactive glass for mastoid and epitympanic obliteration in canal‐wall‐down or canal‐wall‐up tympanoplasties is an effective procedure in both primary and revision surgery. The anatomical and functional results appear to be well correlated with patient experience and to the improvement in quality of life.
Application of a parametric model in the mortality risk analysis of ICU patients with severe COPD
Authors: He Hangyong , Sun Ying , Sun Bing , Zhan Qingyuan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the mortality risk factors of patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the intensive care unit (ICU) by utilizing parametric model of survival analysis, and to estimate patients' prognoses based on the risk and survival functions in the model.MethodsThe clinical data and outcomes of COPD patients admitted to a respiratory intensive care unit (RICU) at Beijing Chao‐Yang Hospital from January 2009 to June 2014 were prospectively collected. Based on the clinical outcomes, these patients were divided into a survival group and a death group. A univariate analysis was conducted to identify statistically significant variables. According to the distribution characteristics of these data, residual plots were prepared for an exponential model, a Weibull model and a Gamma model. The Gamma model was determined to be the best fitted for these data and was used as the analytical tool. Therefore, the variables with differences obtained from the univariate analysis were put into the Gamma model to determine the patients' mortality risk factors. The risk and survival functions were also generated according to the model formula.ResultsA total of 160 patients (111 survival, 49 death) were enrolled. The univariate analysis showed that, compared with the survival group, patients in the death group had higher Charlson Comorbidity Index score (CCI), higher body temperature, higher white blood cell counts, higher proportions of neutrophils, higher serum creatinine levels and higher pH levels; lower resting carbon dioxide pressure (PCO2); and more cases complicated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). A further analysis with the Gamma model revealed that concurrent or non‐concurrent IPA, white blood cell count, pH level and PCO2 were associated with the patients' mortality risk and that the predicted value (PV) of the patients' mortality risk = 2.8655 + 0.4070 × IPA + 0.0048 × WBC + 0.0049 × pH − 0.0097 × PCO2. Moreover, the survival function formula was obtained according to the Gamma model: S(x) = 1 − I (0.7507 x, −3.3773), where I is an incomplete gamma function.ConclusionFormula generated from parametric model may help to predict the prognosis of patients with severe COPD in ICU, and this method need to be evaluated in further studies. According to our formula, IPA is an important risk factor of mortality for patients with severe COPD in the ICU.
Tannins fromPotentilla officinalisdisplay antiinflammatory effects in the UV erythema test and on atopic skin
Authors: Hoffmann Julia , Wölfle Ute , Schempp Christoph M. , Casetti Federica 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundRich in tannins, the rhizome ofPotentilla officinalis(PO) has traditionally been used in the topical treatment of inflammatory disorders of the skin and mucous membranes. The objective of the present study was to examine the antiinflammatory effects of PO in the UV erythema test as well as in patients with atopic skin.Patients and methodsUsing the UV erythema test, the antiinflammatory effects of a PO extract (2 %) – compared to 1 % hydrocortisone acetate – were assessed in a randomized, prospective, placebo‐controlled double‐blind study of 40 healthy volunteers. In the context of a prospective non‐controlled trial, the efficacy and tolerability of 2 % PO cream (applied to defined test areas twice daily for two weeks) was evaluated in twelve adults and twelve children with atopic skin using a partial SCORAD. In addition, the effects on the degree of erythema in the test areas was measured photometrically.ResultsIn the UV erythema test, PO cream significantly reduced the erythema index compared to the vehicle. The antiinflammatory effects of PO cream were comparable to those of 1 % hydrocortisone acetate cream. The clinical study with atopic patients revealed a significant reduction in the partial SCORAD as well as erythema in the test areas. No adverse events were recorded.ConclusionsPO cream displays antiinflammatory effectsin vivo. It is effective in and well tolerated by patients with atopic skin.
Mitoserate beim primären Melanom: Interobserver‐ und Intraobserver‐Reproduzierbarkeit am HE‐Schnitt und in der Immunhistologie
Authors: Garbe Claus , Eigentler Thomas K. , Bauer Jürgen , Blödorn‐Schlicht Norbert , Cerroni Lorenzo , Fend Falko , Hantschke Markus , Kurschat Peter , Kutzner Heinz , Metze Dieter , Mielke Volker , Preßler Harald , Reusch Michael , Reusch Ursula , Stadler Rudolf , Tronnier Michael , Yazdi Amir , Metzler Gisela 
Published: September 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrundDie Melanomklassifikation wurde 2009 durch die AJCC revidiert. Für die Klassifizierung primärer Melanome wurde als dritte Größe neben Tumordicke und Ulzeration die Angabe der Mitoserate neu eingeführt. Gemäß der AJCC‐2009‐Klassifikation des Melanoms führt der Nachweis nur einer oder mehrerer dermaler Tumormitosen bei Melanomen ≤ 1,0 mm Tumordicke zu einer Umgruppierung des Tumors von T1a nach T1b. Dies erklärt, wie wichtig die Frage nach der Reproduzierbarkeit dieses neuen Parameters ist.MethodenZur Prüfung der Interobserver‐Reproduzierbarkeit der Mitoserate haben 17 Dermatopathologen und Pathologen, die in der Befundung des kutanen Melanoms sehr erfahren sind, die Mitoserate in 15 dünnen Melanomen mit einer mittleren Tumordicke von 0,91 mm an demselben Tumorschnitt bestimmt. Die Mitoserate wurde am HE‐Schnitt und immunhistologisch (IH) mittels des mitosespezifischen Antikörpers Phospho‐Histon‐H3 (Ser10) bestimmt. Fünf Befunder wiederholten die Bestimmung nach mehr als einem Jahr ohne Kenntnis ihres Vorbefundes zur Ermittlung der Intraobserver‐Reproduzierbarkeit.ErgebnisseDie Interobserver‐Reproduzierbarkeit der Mitoserate bei dünnen Melanomen ist unbefriedigend und unabhängig davon, ob die Mitoserate am HE‐Schnitt oder am immungefärbten Schnitt bestimmt wird (κ‐Werte: 0,088 [HE] bzw. 0,154 [IH]). Bei einer Diskriminationsschwelle von 0/1 vs. 2+ Mitosen verbesserte sich der κ‐Wert auf 0,345 (HE) bzw. 0,403 (IH). Die Intraobserver‐Reproduzierbarkeit lag mit κ‐Werten zwischen 0,18 und 0,348 je nach Befunder ebenfalls im unbefriedigenden Bereich.DiskussionWegen der unbefriedigenden Reproduzierbarkeit und der großen Variation der Befunde zur Mitoserate bleibt es zweifelhaft, ob dieser Befund als Grundlage für Therapieentscheidungen herangezogen werden kann.
New developments in occupational dermatology
Authors: Diepgen Thomas L. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryOccupational skin diseases according to BK No. 5101 – “severe or recurrent skin diseases which have forced the person to discontinue all occupational activities that caused or could cause the development, worsening, or recurrence of the disease” – is the most commonly reported notifiable occupational diseases in Germany. Following the optimization of measures of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention, today most individuals affected are able to continue their profession. With the revision of the German ordinance on occupational diseases (BKV) in January 2015, skin cancer caused by UV irradiation was added to the list of occupational diseases. The new occupational disease (BK) 5103 is defined as “squamous cell carcinoma or multiple actinic keratoses of the skin caused by natural UV irradiation”. In this context, “multiple” signifies the occurrence of either more than five individual actinic keratosis lesions over the course of 12 months or the presence of field cancerization of > 4 cm2. In the following review, important aspects of this new occupational disease will be highlighted and discussed.
Vertical distribution of earwigs (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) in a temperate lowland forest, based on sampling with a mobile aerial lift platform
Authors: Kirstová Markéta , Pyszko Petr , Šipoš Jan , Drozd Pavel , Kočárek Petr 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough earwigs (Dermaptera) may be important components of ecosystems because of their locally high abundance and omnivory, their vertical distribution among forest strata is poorly understood. This study used a mobile aerial lift platform to survey the spatiotemporal distribution of earwigs along the vertical dimension in a forest. In 2013 and 2014, 57 trees in a lowland floodplain forest were sampled in the southeastern Czech Republic, Central Europe. Earwigs were collected along the complete vertical gradient of the foliage of the trees using square beating sheets and exhaustors. Of the three recorded earwig species (Apterygida media, Chelidura acanthopygia and Forficula auricularia), A. media was the most abundant. The distribution of its abundance with the height from ground (in the tree leaf layer) was unimodal, with a peak at 4–10 m, indicating that A. media is arboricolous. The vertical stratification of A. media differed among developmental stages, and in its abundance among tree species. Investigation of insect vertical stratification in forests should be facilitated by the use of a mobile aerial lift platform.