bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Association of Nonsynonymous Polymorphisms in ADH Genes with Hazardous Drinking in HIV‐1‐Positive Individuals
Authors: Wolf Jonas Michel , Simon Daniel , Béria Jorge Umberto , Tietzmann Daniela Cardoso , Stein Airton Tetelbom , Lunge Vagner Ricardo 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundHazardous drinking (HD) is a serious health problem in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) genes have been associated with HD in different populations, but there were no data about this in HIV‐1‐positive individuals. This study investigated the association of 4 nonsynonymous SNPs in ADH genes (Arg48His and Arg370Cys in ADH1B gene; Arg272Gln and Ile350Val in ADH1C gene) with HD in people living with HIV‐1.MethodsThis case–control study included 365 HIV‐1‐positive individuals (121 with HD and 244 without HD). Sociodemographic variables were collected with a standardized individual questionnaire. HD (score ≥8) and binge drinking (BD) (drinks on the same occasion ≥5) were detected with the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. The 4 SNPs were genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analysis. The Bonferroni correction was used (considering the 4 SNPs studied).ResultsThere were no significant differences in the frequencies of Arg370Cys, Arg272Gln, and Ile350Val polymorphisms between HD cases and controls. Otherwise, Arg/His genotype (rs1229984) in ADH1B gene showed a protective effect against HD (aOR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.90) and BD (aOR = 0.49; 95% CI: 0.21 to 0.95). Nevertheless, these differences were no longer significant after Bonferroni correction.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest a possible effect of the Arg48His genotype on the protection against HD in HIV‐1‐positive individuals.
The declining price anomaly in sequential auctions of identical commodities with asymmetric bidders: empirical evidence from the Nephrops norvegicus market in France
Authors: Salladarré Frédéric , Guillotreau Patrice , Loisel Patrice , Ollivier Pierrick 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe declining price anomaly for sequential sales of identical commodities challenges auction theory which predicts constant prices within a day. Among other hypotheses explaining the phenomenon stands the dual value of goods including a risk premium in early transactions. We consider that asymmetric bidder groups (primary processors, fishmongers, supermarket buyers) and seasonal landings may also affect the daily price pattern. On the basis of stylized facts and several panel data models, this hypothesis is tested on a Redundant French fish market of homogenous goods (live Nephrops norvegicus) when the time effects (high and low seasons, weekday effect) affecting the demand and supply conditions are taken into consideration. All models support the evidence of a daily declining pattern, but not to the same extent for all days and seasons, and all categories of buyers. Our results also show an earlier and steeper decline on periods of lower supply (or higher demand), supporting the theoretical hypothesis of risk‐averse behaviors of bidders, especially fishmongers with respect to primary processors and supermarkets.
Visualization and Movement as Configurations of Human–Nonhuman Engagements: Precolonial Geometric Earthwork Landscapes of the Upper Purus, Brazil
Authors: Virtanen Pirjo Kristiina , Saunaluoma Sanna 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTProducing geometric designs and images on materials, such as pottery, basketry, and bead artwork, as well as the human body, is elemental and widespread among Amazonian Indigenous peoples. In this article, we examine the different geometric forms identified in the precolonial geoglyph architecture of southwestern Amazonia in the context of geometric design making and relational ontologies. Our aim is to explore earthwork iconography through the lens of Amerindian visual arts and movement. Combining ethnographic and archaeological data from the Upper Purus, Brazil, the article shows how ancient history and socio‐cosmology are deeply “written” onto the landscape in the form of geometric earthworks carved out of the soil, which materialize interactions between nonhuman and human actors. We underline skills in visualization, imaginative practices, and movement as ways to promote well‐balanced engagements with animated life forms. Here, iconography inserted in the landscape is both a form of writing and also emerges as an agent, affecting people through visual and corporal practices. [geometric designs,earthworks,visualization,movement,Amazonia]
Governing climate change in Hong Kong: Prospects for market mechanisms in the context of emissions trading in China
Authors: Lo Alex Y. , Francesch‐Huidobro Maria 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHong Kong continues to struggle over which environmental governance approach is in its best interest while fulfilling its environmental obligations. With regard to climate change, Hong Kong's approach is characterised by a passive form of governance that is highly dependent on China's national policy directions. This is reflected, for example, in Hong Kong having not set its own mitigation targets. Market mechanisms have received little attention in developing a city‐wide climate change strategy. A transformative impulse, China's national emissions trading scheme, may provide momentum to a market‐based approach. However, the necessary conditions for such a market mechanism to be successfully implemented in China remain relatively undeveloped. This raises question about early participation by Hong Kong. Direct benefits are likely to be limited, due to Hong Kong's economic structure and weak demand for emissions reduction. Besides, there are regulatory barriers to enforcing emissions targets and/or recognising emissions allowances and credits from China. We therefore argue that nationwide emissions trading may, at this time, present more challenges than opportunities for Hong Kong to leverage its efforts on climate change mitigation. An alternative is to promote voluntary emissions trading that will require active involvement and leadership by businesses.
Elevating Positivity toward STEM Pathways through Communal Experience: The Key Role of Beliefs that STEM Affords Other‐Oriented Goals
Authors: Steinberg Mia , Diekman Amanda B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe goal congruity framework posits that there are consensual beliefs that science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) fields are not perceived to afford valued goals such as working with or helping others relative to fields such as law and medicine. In three studies, we examine whether experiences engaging with others in the context of STEM would lead to beliefs that STEM fulfills communal goals, and in turn to heightened interest in those fields. In Study 1, we provide evidence that direct experiences such as collaboration, mentorship, and volunteering in the context of STEM predicted greater beliefs that STEM fields allowed communal opportunities, even when controlling for other facets of experience. In Study 2, we replicate and extend these findings with an experimental design, and found that both short‐term and long‐term communal experience contributed to greater communal affordances and to more positive STEM attitudes. Study 3 demonstrated the effects of communal experience in a naturalistic setting, among a group of high school students. The belief that STEM fields afford communal opportunities robustly predicts positivity toward STEM, and understanding the sources of these beliefs is thus an important question that can inform educational and organizational policy.
Total sleep time and kynurenine metabolism associated with mood symptom severity in bipolar disorder
Authors: Mukherjee Dahlia , Krishnamurthy Venkatesh Bassapa , Millett Caitlin E. , Reider Aubrey , Can Adem , Groer Maureen , Fuchs Dietmar , Postolache Teodor T , Saunders Erika F. H. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveChronic, low‐level inflammation is associated with symptomatic bipolar disorder (BD) and with chronic insomnia. Disrupted sleep is a feature of episodes of both mania and depression. We examined the effect of neopterin, a marker of cellular immune activation, and kynurenine (KYN), an inflammatory byproduct of the serotonin pathway, on the association between total sleep time and depression severity in BD.MethodTwenty‐one symptomatic BD participants and 28 healthy controls (HC) were recruited and followed during usual clinical care. At baseline and after symptomatic recovery, total sleep time was objectively measured with actigraphy for 1 week and blood plasma was collected to measure the serotonin precursor tryptophan (TRP), KYN, the KYN/TRP ratio, and neopterin levels. Statistical analyses were conducted using chi‐square, independent t tests and hierarchical linear multiple regression models.ResultsTotal sleep time was correlated positively with depressive severity and negatively with manic severity. TRP was significantly reduced in BD participants compared to HC. KYN, TRP, and the KYN/TRP ratio were associated with depressive severity when total sleep time and body mass index (BMI) were included in the model. The KYN/TRP ratio trended towards a negative association with mania symptoms, controlling for BMI and total sleep time, in acutely symptomatic BD participants. Neopterin was not associated with sleep or mood severity. After usual clinical care, BD participants showed significantly decreased clinical symptoms but no significant differences in sleep phenotype or biomarkers.ConclusionInflammation, sleep, and mood are closely intertwined. Future research into the effect of inflammation on sleep in BD may lead to clinical markers of outcome.
Cortical inhibition in symptomatic and remitted mania compared to healthy subjects: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Basavaraju Rakshathi , Sanjay Tarasingh N , Mehta Urvakhsh M , Muralidharan Keshavan , Thirthalli Jagadisha 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTranscranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)‐derived cortical reactivity studies provide a unique opportunity to non‐invasively study gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)‐mediated inhibitory neurotransmission in bipolar disorder (BD). Earlier studies were conducted in smaller samples and on patients who were on medications that can potentially confound the results. We aimed to study short‐interval (SICI) and long‐interval intracortical inhibition (LICI) in medication‐naïve/free symptomatic (manic) BD patients (n=39), first episode mania (FEM) patients who had recently (≤6 months) remitted with treatment (remitted FEM; n = 28) and healthy subjects (HSs; n = 45).MethodsResting motor threshold (RMT), stimulation intensity to elicit a 1‐mV motor evoked potential (MEP) (SI1 mV), SICI and LICI were measured in three groups using single‐ and paired‐pulse TMS.ResultsMotor thresholds were higher in the manic BD and HS groups compared to the remitted FEM group (P < .001). SICI was lower (P = .026) but LICI was higher (P = .044) in the manic BD and remitted FEM groups compared to the HS group.ConclusionsLower motor thresholds in remitted FEM perhaps reflect the effect of treatment, and could be studied as potential prognostic neuromarkers. Inverse findings for SICI (reduced) and LICI (increased) in BD indicate a possible differential involvement of the GABAA and GABAB subreceptor systems. These could be trait markers as they are impaired in both mania and euthymia.
Highway widening and underpass effects on vertebrate road mortality
Authors: Ciocheti Giordano , de Assis Julia Camara , Ribeiro John Wesley , Ribeiro Milton Cezar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRoad widening (a.k.a. road dualling) and the presence of mitigation structures may have opposing effects on the number of animal‐vehicle collisions. Their influence in tropical areas is poorly quantified, and we know little about how modifications of road structure affect fauna roadkill and mitigation. We evaluated how road widening and proximity to a wildlife underpass affect roadkill of medium and large mammals, using roadkill records from before and after the widening of 150 km of road with new and old wildlife underpasses. Roadkilled species were divided into three groups based on mobility and sensitivity to human disturbance. Four of 16 species exhibited significantly higher roadkill after widening. Roadkill near underpasses was generally higher than by chance, despite our expectation of reduction in roadkills. This result indicates that we must adopt more effective mitigation measures, such as appropriate fencing combined with underpasses.
The confounding effects of logging on tree seedling growth and herbivory in Central Amazon
Authors: Darrigo Maria Rosa , dos Santos Flavio A. M. , Venticinque Eduardo M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLight availability is an important modulator of seedling growth and plant–herbivore dynamics. Logging increases light levels in forests, potentially altering herbivore–plant interactions that drive seedling establishment. We conducted a transplant experiment to evaluate how logging and herbivory affect seedling growth and survival in three shade‐tolerant tree species, at paired canopy gap and understory sites in logged forest and an adjacent unlogged area in central Amazonia (Brazil). Seedlings were either left exposed to naturally occurring insect herbivores or protected from insects by a fine netting structure. We measured the herbivore damage and growth rate of seedlings after 18 mo. In general, logged areas received more light than unlogged sites. Growth and herbivory rates were positively influenced by light, and herbivory was also influenced positively by logging. In gaps, increased growth mitigated foliar damage. Logging resulted in a loss of foliar tissue due to increased herbivory. Herbivory rates were higher in the understory of logged sites than in that of unlogged understory sites, but growth was similar in these areas. Thus, the understory of logged areas provided the least favorable sites for shade‐tolerant tree regeneration, due to higher herbivory rates. The effect of logging on biotic interactions can extend beyond the gaps it creates into untouched understory sites. To our knowledge, this is the first time such a pattern has been observed, highlighting the importance of evaluating the impact of logging on biotic interactions.
Price Volatility Spillovers in the Western Canadian Feed Barley, U.S. Corn, and Alberta Cattle Markets
Authors: Zhen Miao , Rude James , Qiu Feng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPrice volatility complicates price discovery and creates risks for cattle producers. This paper analyzes volatility spillovers in the western Canadian beef cattle supply chain. A modified bivariate VAR‐BEKK‐GARCH model is used to examine spillovers and account for asymmetries associated with rising versus falling markets. The spillovers that are found are unidirectional from input to output markets. Spillovers tended to be stronger when cattle prices are depressed and feed costs are rising. Volatility transmission is also flows from feed barley to feeder cattle markets, but volatility does not flow in the opposite direction nor does it advance by more than one level in the supply chain.La volatilité des prix complique la découverte des prix et crée des risques pour les éleveurs de bétail. Cet article analyse les répercussions de la volatilité au sein de la chaîne d'approvisionnement des bovins d'élevage. Un modèle VAR‐BEKK‐GARCH modifié à deux variables sert à l'examen des répercussions et tient compte des asymétries associées aux marchés à la hausse et à la baisse. Les répercussions décelées sont unidirectionnelles du marché des intrants aux produits. Les répercussions semblent plus fortes lorsque les prix des bovins sont bas, et les coûts de fourrage à la hausse. Le transfert de la volatilité se fait aussi sentir de l'orge de fourrage aux marchés de bovins d'engraissement, mais l'inverse ne survient pas et elle ne progresse pas de plus d'un niveau dans la chaîne d'approvisionnement.
Children's food and satiety responsiveness in association with post‐prandial glucose following a standardized liquid meal
Authors: Gowey M. A. , Chandler‐Laney P. C. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryChildren's responsiveness to food cues and satiety may put them at greater risk for obesity; however, little is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying children's responsiveness to food and satiety. The objective of this study was to examine the association between children's post‐prandial glucose responses and maternal report of their eating behaviours. A secondary data analysis was conducted using partial correlation analyses adjusted for gender in a sample of children aged 5–10 years and their mothers (N = 28 dyads). Standardized liquid meal tests were administered to children and blood samples were obtained over the following 4 h. Mothers completed the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. An earlier post‐prandial peak glucose concentration was associated with greater food responsiveness (r = −0.39, P = 0.04) but not satiety responsiveness. The percent increase in glucose from fasting to peak also tended to be inversely associated with greater food responsiveness (r = −0.38, P = 0.05). Results suggest that earlier and smaller post‐prandial glucose excursions may be related to children's response to food cues. Future research should use objective methods to examine whether the association of post‐prandial glucose with food responsiveness prospectively contributes to weight gain.
An easy‐to‐use scoring index to determine severity of mitral regurgitation by 2D echocardiography in clinical practice
Authors: Jansen Rosemarijn , Hart Einar A. , Peters Max , Urgel Kim , Kluin Jolanda , Tietge Wouter J. , Zwart Koen , Sybrandy Kirsten C. , Cramer Maarten J. M. , Chamuleau Steven A. J. 
Published: August 2017

PurposeMitral regurgitation (MR) grading by two‐dimensional transthoracic echocardiography is challenging, but important to determine the best treatment strategy in patients with MR. Current guidelines advocate an integrative approach, although no recommendation is provided on how to do so. An easy‐to‐use index will be helpful for standardized and reproducible MR grading.MethodsEleven echocardiographic parameters were retrospectively evaluated in 145 patients with moderate or severe MR. Parameters were scored positive or negative for severe MR, where expert panel consensus reading was considered as the reference standard. Logistic regression was performed, and adjusted coefficients were used to create a risk score for severe MR per patient (ROSE‐index). The best cutoff with corresponding predictive values was determined.ResultsEighty‐two percent of all parameters could be determined. Multivariable analysis revealed five parameters that remained significant predictors for severe MR: morphology, jet characteristics, vena contracta, systolic reversal, and left ventricular dimensions. With different weighing, a total score of 8 could be obtained. Median total ROSE‐index score for moderate (2.0) and severe MR (5.0) did significantly differ. The cutoff score (≥4) revealed sensitivity 0.84 and specificity 0.83 to diagnose severe MR. Negative predictive value was 100% for score 0 and 1; score 6–8 showed a 100% positive predictive value. Inter‐ and intra‐observer agreements were excellent (K‐values >0.80).ConclusionHere, we propose an easy‐to‐use tool for integrated analysis of guideline parameters to assess MR severity. Using this so‐called ROSE‐index revealed reliable and reproducible assessment of severe MR (cutoff≥4) that may be helpful for clinical decision making.
Evaluation of potential long‐term changes in endothelial functions and basic echocardiographic parameters in unilateral nephrectomy patients
Authors: Özkurt Sultan , Karavelioğlu Yusuf , Kalcik Macit , Dogan Ibrahim , Musmul Ahmet 
Published: August 2017

AimDecreased nephron count may result in lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cardiorenal injury in the absence of compensatory hyperfunction. In this study, we aimed to evaluate long‐term effects of 50% nephron loss on endothelial functions and cardiac morphology in nondonor nephrectomy patients.MethodsThis study comprised 26 patients (median age: 44 [37.5–50] years, male: 14) with unilateral nephrectomy and 25 healthy controls (median age: 47 [42–50] years, male: 9). Echocardiography was performed in all patients. Endothelial function was examined by measuring ischemia‐induced flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) of the brachial artery.ResultsThe mean nephrectomy time was 12.5 (8.75–23.25) years. Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR [CKD‐EPI]) was significantly lower in the patient group than controls (85.54±16.27 vs 96.35±11.68 mL/min, P=0.009). Uric acid levels were significantly higher in the patient group than controls (5.7±1.3 vs 4.5±0.8, P<0.001). Percentage of FMD was significantly lower in the unilateral nephrectomy patients than the control group (11.6±6.2 vs 16.1%±7.9%; P=0.029). Left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT) (P<0.001), interventricular septal thickness (IVST) (P<0.001), left ventricular (LV) mass (P=0.014), and left ventricular mass index (P=0.014) were significantly higher in the patient group.ConclusionIn conclusion, 50% decrease in nephron mass due to unilateral nephrectomy may result in decreased eGFR, impaired endothelial functions and cardiac hypertrophy. What triggers endothelial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy in the event of mild decrease in GFR when creatinine has not been elevated yet remains unclear, but uric acid may be playing a role in this process necessitating large‐scaled studies.
Intraoperative assessment of transient and persistent regional left ventricular wall motion abnormalities in patients undergoing coronary revascularization surgery using real time three‐dimensional transesophageal echocardiography: A prospective observational study
Authors: Aggarwal Neelam , Unnikrishnan Koniparambil P. , Biswas Indranil , Karunakaran Jayakumar , Suneel Puthuvasseri R. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative real time three‐dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE) for identification and quantification of transient and persistent regional wall motion abnormalities (RWMAs) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).DesignA prospective observational studySettingSingle‐center study in an academic tertiary care hospitalParticipantsA series of 42 patients undergoing elective CABG over a 2‐year period were included.InterventionAfter induction of anesthesia, a comprehensive transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) examination was performed to evaluate regional wall motion using two‐dimensional wall motion score index (WMSI) and RT3D echocardiographic parameters at three specific time points during the operative phase.Measurements and main resultsThe 3D assessment of LV function was based on the quantification of change in LV chamber volume over time from each segment excursion. Patients were divided into two groups and subgroups based on TEE findings. There was significant mechanical dyssynchrony in patients with RWMAs (WMSI > 1; systolic dyssynchrony index [SDI] = 7.0 ± 3.66) as compared to the patients having normal wall motion (WMSI = 1; SDI = 2.0 ± 0.95; P = .001). Patients with contractile dysfunction were found to have low values of segmental excursion and high values of negative excursion on parametric imaging. Persistent RWMAs due to hibernating myocardium showed significant resolution of mechanical dyssynchrony after revascularization. Parametric imaging could detect transient RWMAs due to stunning and graft dysfunction. Early activating segments (EAS) on “timing bull's‐eye” may represent hypercontractile segments and may influence inotrope administration.ConclusionThe RT3DE is a valuable modality for precise quantification of regional wall motion during revascularization procedure.