bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Co‐immobilized Phosphorylated Cofactors and Enzymes as Self‐Sufficient Heterogeneous Biocatalysts for Chemical Processes
Authors: Velasco‐Lozano Susana , Benítez‐Mateos Ana I. , López‐Gallego Fernando 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEnzyme cofactors play a major role in biocatalysis, as many enzymes require them to catalyze highly valuable reactions in organic synthesis. However, the cofactor recycling is often a hurdle to implement enzymes at the industrial level. The fabrication of heterogeneous biocatalysts co‐immobilizing phosphorylated cofactors (PLP, FAD+, and NAD+) and enzymes onto the same solid material is reported to perform chemical reactions without exogeneous addition of cofactors in aqueous media. In these self‐sufficient heterogeneous biocatalysts, the immobilized enzymes are catalytically active and the immobilized cofactors catalytically available and retained into the solid phase for several reaction cycles. Finally, we have applied a NAD+‐dependent heterogeneous biocatalyst to continuous flow asymmetric reduction of prochiral ketones, thus demonstrating the robustness of this approach for large scale biotransformations.
Morphology‐Directed Selective Production of Ethylene or Ethane from CO2 on a Cu Mesopore Electrode
Authors: Yang Ki Dong , Ko Woo Ri , Lee Jun Ho , Kim Sung Jae , Lee Hyomin , Lee Min Hyung , Nam Ki Tae 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe electrocatalytic conversion of CO2 to value‐added hydrocarbons is receiving significant attention as a promising way to close the broken carbon‐cycle. While most metal catalysts produce C1 species, such as carbon monoxide and formate, the production of various hydrocarbons and alcohols comprising more than two carbons has been achieved using copper (Cu)‐based catalysts only. Methods for producing specific C2 reduction outcomes with high selectivity, however, are not available thus far. Herein, the morphological effect of a Cu mesopore electrode on the selective production of C2 products, ethylene or ethane, is presented. Cu mesopore electrodes with precisely controlled pore widths and depths were prepared by using a thermal deposition process on anodized aluminum oxide. With this simple synthesis method, we demonstrated that C2 chemical selectivity can be tuned by systematically altering the morphology. Supported by computational simulations, we proved that nanomorphology can change the local pH and, additionally, retention time of key intermediates by confining the chemicals inside the pores.
Amino Acid‐Specific, Ribonucleotide‐Promoted Peptide Formation in the Absence of Enzymes
Authors: Griesser Helmut , Bechthold Maren , Tremmel Peter , Kervio Eric , Richert Clemens 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNucleic acids and polypeptides are at the heart of life. It is interesting to ask whether the monomers of these biopolymers possess intrinsic reactivity that favors oligomerization in the absence of enzymes. We have recently observed that covalently linked peptido RNA chains form when mixtures of monomers react in salt‐rich condensation buffer. Here, we report the results of a screen of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids and four ribonucleotides. None of the amino acids prevent phosphodiester formation, so all of them are compatible with genetic encoding through RNA chain growth. A reactivity landscape was found, in which peptide formation strongly depends on the structure of the amino acid, but less on the nucleobase. For example, proline gives ribonucleotide‐bound peptides most readily, tyrosine favors pyrophosphate and phosphodiester formation, and histidine gives phosphorimidazolides as dominant products. When proline and aspartic acid were allowed to compete for incorporation, only proline was found at the N‐terminus of peptido chains. The reactivity described here links two fundamental classes of biomolecules through reactions that occur without enzymes, but with amino acid specificity.
Substrate Binding by a Parallel Metal Sheet Sandwich Complex: A Unique Role of an Additional Metal Atom
Authors: Ishikawa Yuki , Yamamoto Koji , Murahashi Tetsuro 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA unique metal addition to the edge of a triangular palladium sandwich cluster is reported. While the edge coordination sites of a parallel sandwich complex are narrow because of two sterically encumbering π‐ligands, association of an additional metal atom to a metal sheet gives a wider coordination site. It was proved that the additional metal atom plays a crucial role in binding of cyclopentadienyl by a Pd3 sheet sandwich complex.
“Helix‐in‐Helix” Superstructure Formation through Encapsulation of Fullerene‐Bound Helical Peptides within a Helical Poly(methyl methacrylate) Cavity
Authors: Ousaka Naoki , Mamiya Fumihiko , Iwata Yoshiaki , Nishimura Katsuyuki , Yashima Eiji 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA one‐handed 310‐helical hexapeptide is efficiently encapsulated within the helical cavity of st‐PMMA when a fullerene (C60) derivative is introduced at the C‐terminal end of the peptide. The encapsulation is accompanied by induction of a preferred‐handed helical conformation in the st‐PMMA backbone with the same‐handedness as that of the hexapeptide to form a crystalline st‐PMMA/peptide‐C60 inclusion complex with a unique optically active helix‐in‐helix structure. Although the st‐PMMA is unable to encapsulate the 310‐helical peptide without the terminal C60 unit, the helical hollow space of the st‐PMMA is almost filled by the C60‐bound peptides. This result suggests that the C60 moiety can serve as a versatile molecular carrier of specific molecules and polymers in the helical cavity of the st‐PMMA for the formation of an inclusion complex, thus producing unique supramolecular soft materials that cannot be prepared by other methods.
Gold‐Catalyzed Direct Oxidative Arylation with Boron Coupling Partners
Authors: Hofer Manuel , Genoux Alexandre , Kumar Roopender , Nevado Cristina 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn efficient synthesis of biaryls through a gold‐catalyzed oxidative cross‐coupling of arenes with strong electron‐deprived aryl boronates is presented herein. Regio‐ and chemocontrol are achieved by the selective activation of these coupling partners by gold at different oxidation states. Under reaction conditions devoid of basic additives or directing groups, the role of acetato ligand as an internal base has been revealed as a key parameter for expanding the reaction scope in these transformations.
Electrically conductive polycarbonate/ethylene‐propylene copolymer/multi‐walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites with improved mechanical properties
Authors: Taraghi Iman , Fereidoon Abdolhossein , Paszkiewicz Sandra , Roslaniec Zbigniew 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, the effect of Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of polycarbonate (PC) toughened with cross‐linked ethylene‐propylene copolymer (EPC) was investigated. The solubility parameters of the PC and EPC were calculated using Hoy methods to clarify the miscibility of the polymer blends. It could be concluded that in the cooled state, the blends form a heterogeneous structure with two separate phases. The tensile, flexural, impact toughness properties of the PC/EPC blend and PC/EPC/MWCNT nanocomposites were carried out to illuminate the optimum concentration of polymer blends and MWCNTs. The 335% increment for the impact strength results appeared with combination of 10% EPC in the PC matrix. The flexural modulus and strength of PC/EPC blend increased by 75.1% and 59.1%, respectively. The Nielsen model was performed to fit the best curve of theoretical simulation to experimental results for elastomeric dispersed in the plastic matrix. Halpin‐Tsai model was applied to estimate the stiffness of nanocomposites blends with different volume fraction and aspect ratio of MWCNTs in the PC/EPC blends. Finally, in the presence of MWCNTs, all nanocomposite samples were semi‐conducting and the percolation threshold of the PC/EPC (10%) blends was between 0.5% and 1.0% MWCNTs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44661.
A Comparative Morphological Study of the Jugal and Quadratojugal in Early Birds and Their Dinosaurian Relatives
Authors: Wang Min , Hu Han 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe zygoma (called jugal bar) in modern birds accounts for a large portion of the ventral margin of the cranium. As a delicate and rod‐like element, the jugal bar is functionally integrated into the avian cranial kinesis, a unique property that allows the beak to be elevated or depressed with respect to the braincase and thus distinguishes birds from all other modern vertebrates. Developmental studies show that the jugal bar of modern birds is formed by the fusion of the jugal and quadratojugal that are ossified from separated centers. However, those two bones are unfused and exhibit complicated morphological variations in basal birds and their dinosaurian relatives. Moreover, the jugal and quadratojugal form rigid articulations with the postorbital and squamosal, respectively, consequently hindering the movement of the upper jaw in most non‐avian dinosaurs and some basal birds. A comparative study of the jugal and quadratojugal morphology of basal birds and their close relatives such as dromaeosaurids and oviraptorids elucidates how modern birds has achieved its derived jugal bar morphology, and sheds light on the evolution of the postorbital configuration of birds. We propose that numerous morphological modifications of those two elements (morphology changes and reduced articulation with other elements) took place in early bird history, and some of them pertinent to the refinement of the cranial kinesis. Anat Rec, 300:62–75, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
TheEvolution of theZygomaticBoneFromAgnatha toTetrapoda
Authors: Gai Zhikun , Yu Xiaobo , Zhu Min 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTEstablishing the homology of the zygomatic or jugal bone and tracing its origin and early evolution represents a complex issue because of large morphological gaps between various groups of vertebrates. Using recent paleontological findings, we discuss the deep homology of the zygomatic or jugal bone in stem gnathostomes (placoderms) and examine its homology and modifications in crown gnathostomes (acanthodians, chondrichthyans and osteichthyans). The discovery of the placodermEntelognathusfrom the Silurian of China (∼423 million years ago) established that the large dermal plates in placoderms and osteichthyans are homologous. InEntelognathus, the jugal was joined by a new set of bones (premaxilla, maxilla, and lachrymal), marking the first appearance of the typical vertebrate face found in tetrapods including humans. In non‐Entelognathusplacoderms, the jugal (homologized with the suborbital plate) occupied most of the cheek region and covered the palatoquadrate laterally. In antiarch placoderms (the most basal jawed vertebrates), the jugal (represented by the ventrally positioned mental plate) functioned as part of the upper jaw. In osteichthyans, the preopercular arose as a novel bone and separated the jugal from the opercular in piscine osteichthyans. A single bone in basal osteichthyans, the preopercular may have divided into two or three elements (the preopercular, the squamosal and/or the quadratojugal) in several later osteichthyan groups. Subsequent modifications of the jugal in the fish‐tetrapod transition (its enlargement leading to its contact with the quadratojugal and the separation of the squamosal from the maxilla) brought the vertebrate face to the typical model we see in living tetrapods. Anat Rec, 300:16–29, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GPR versus Geoarchaeological Findings in a Complex Archaeological Site (Badia Pozzeveri, Italy)
Authors: Ribolini Adriano , Bini Monica , Isola Ilaria , Coschino Francesco , Baroni Carlo , Salvatore Maria Cristina , Zanchetta Giovanni , Fornaciari Antonio 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe results of a Ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) survey were compared with the archaeological excavation outcomes of a twelfth century abbey site (Badia Pozzeveri). The goal was to associate the types of reflections recorded in GPR profiles and high‐amplitude features visible in amplitude maps with unearthed archaeological features. GPR profiles crossing the walls evidenced axes of hyperbolic point source reflections and short planar reflections respectively generated by the stones forming the lateral sides/upper corners and the top of the structure. Moreover, the stones in the core of the wall caused small hyperbolic point source reflections with interfering axes, which produced a chaotic reflection profile. The resampling and gridding of these reflections collectively generated high‐amplitude linear features in the amplitude maps. The presence in the graves of bones generates small hyperbolic point source reflections with interfering axes in the GPR profile, with a consequently chaotic reflection profile. Moreover, the existence of lythic slabs topping and/or siding the graves generates short planar reflections and axes of hyperbolic point source reflections. The resampling and gridding of these types of reflections generates in the amplitude map features that cannot be locally distinguished from those caused by the local aggregation of sediments with no archaeological relevance. The GPR profiles crossing trenches and pit‐kiln showed dipping reflectors unconformably resting on a basal planar reflector. Disconformity marks the onset of trench and pit‐kiln decommissioning with the infilling of clayey silty layers and anthropogenic remains. These features in the amplitude maps correspond to medium to high‐amplitude areas.The results show that types of reflection can be associated to specific elements of archaeological structure for a detailed interpretation of a complex subsurface setting. Furthermore, it is evidenced that the interpretation of GPR profiles must be considered an indispensable pre‐requisite for a full comprehension of amplitude maps. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovery of T Cell Receptor β Motifs Specific to HLA–B27–Positive Ankylosing Spondylitis by Deep Repertoire Sequence Analysis
Authors: Faham Malek , Carlton Victoria , Moorhead Martin , Zheng Jianbiao , Klinger Mark , Pepin Francois , Asbury Thomas , Vignali Marissa , Emerson Ryan O. , Robins Harlan S. , Ireland James , Baechler‐Gillespie Emily , Inman Robert D. 
Published: December 2016

ObjectiveAnkylosing spondylitis (AS), a chronic inflammatory disorder, has a notable association with HLA–B27. One hypothesis suggests that a common antigen that binds to HLA–B27 is important for AS disease pathogenesis. This study was undertaken to determine sequences and motifs that are shared among HLA–B27–positive AS patients, using T cell repertoire next‐generation sequencing.MethodsTo identify motifs enriched among B27‐positive AS patients, we performed T cell receptor β (TCRβ) repertoire sequencing on samples from 191 B27‐positive AS patients, 43 B27‐negative AS patients, and 227 controls, and we obtained >77 million TCRβ clonotype sequences. First, we assessed whether any of 50 previously published sequences were enriched in B27‐positive AS patients. We then used training and test cohorts to identify discovered motifs that were enriched in B27‐positive AS patients versus controls.ResultsSix previously published and 11 discovered motifs were enriched in the B27‐positive AS samples as compared to controls. After combining motifs related by sequence, we identified a total of 15 independent motifs. Both the full set of 15 motifs and a set of 6 published motifs were enriched in the B27‐positive AS patients as compared to B27‐positive healthy individuals (P = 0.049 and P = 0.001, respectively). Using an independent cohort, we validated that at least some of these motifs were associated with AS, and not simply with B27‐positive status.ConclusionWe identified TCRβ motifs that are enriched in B27‐positive AS patients as compared to B27‐positive healthy controls. This suggests that a common antigen, presented by HLA–B27 and detected by CD8+ T cells, may be associated with AS disease pathogenesis.
Real‐Time Sliding Mode Observer Scheme for Shear Force Estimation in a Transverse Dynamic Force Microscope
Authors: Nguyen Thang , Khan Said G , Hatano Toshiaki , Zhang Kaiqiang , Edwards Christopher , Herrmann Guido , Harniman Robert , Burgess Stuart C. , Antognozzi Massimo , Miles Mervyn 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper describes a sliding mode observer scheme for estimation of the shear force affecting the cantilever in a Transverse Dynamic Force Microscope (TDFM). The vertically oriented cantilever is oscillated in the proximity to the specimen under investigation. The amplitude of oscillation of the cantilever tip is affected by these shear forces. They are created by the ordered‐water layer above the specimen. The oscillation amplitude is therefore a measure of distance between the tip and the surface of the specimen. Consequently, the estimation of the shear forces provides useful information about the specimen characteristics. For estimating the shear forces, an approximate finite dimensional model of the cantilever is created using the method of lines. This model is subsequently reduced in terms of its order. An unknown input sliding mode observer has been used to reconstruct the unknown shear forces using only tip position measurements and the cantilever excitation. This paper describes the development of the sliding mode scheme and presents experimental results from the TDFM set up at the Centre for Nanoscience and Quantum Information (NSQI) at Bristol University.
Convergence Results of the Biconjugate Residual Algorithm for Solving Generalized Sylvester Matrix Equation
Authors: Hajarian Masoud 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this article, we investigate a variant of the biconjugate residual (BCR) algorithm to solve the generalized Sylvester matrix equation
which includes the well‐known Lyapunov, Stein and Sylvester matrix equations. We show that the BCR algorithm with any (special) initial matrix pair can smoothly compute the (least Frobenius norm) solution pair of the generalized Sylvester matrix equation within a finite number of iterations in the absence of round‐off errors. Finally the accuracy and effectiveness of the BCR algorithm in comparison to some existing algorithms are demonstrated by two numerical examples.
Negletein as a neuroprotectant enhances the action of nerve growth factor and induces neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells
Authors: Phan Chia‐Wei , Sabaratnam Vikineswary , Bovicelli Paolo , Righi Giuliana , Saso Luciano 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNegletein has been shown to have therapeutic potential for inflammation‐associated diseases, but its effect on neurite outgrowth is still unknown. The present study showed that negletein alone did not trigger PC12 cells to differentiate and extend neurites. When compared with the cells in the untreated control, a significant (P < 0.05) induction and a higher neurite outgrowth activity was observed when the cells were cotreated with negletein (10 µM) and a low dose of nerve growth factor (NGF; 5 ng/mL). The neurite outgrowth process was blocked by the tyrosine kinase receptor (Trk) inhibitor, K252a, suggesting that the neuritogenic effect was NGF‐dependent. Negletein (10 µM) together with NGF (5 ng/mL) enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERKs), protein kinase B (Akt), and cAMP response element‐binding protein (CREB). The growth associated protein‐43 (GAP‐43) and the NGF level were also upregulated by negletein (10 µM) and a low dose of NGF (5 ng/mL). Negletein at nanomolar concentration also was found to be sufficient to mediate the survival of serum‐deprived PC12 cells up to 72 h. Taken together, negletein might be useful as an efficient bioactive compound to protect neurons from cell death and promote neuritogenesis. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):591–599, 2016
Short‐term ubiquinol supplementation reduces oxidative stress associated with strenuous exercise in healthy adults: A randomized trial
Authors: Sarmiento Alvaro , Diaz‐Castro Javier , Pulido‐Moran Mario , Moreno‐Fernandez Jorge , Kajarabille Naroa , Chirosa Ignacio , Guisado Isabel M. , Javier Chirosa Luis , Guisado Rafael , Ochoa Julio J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractStudies about Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplementation on strenuous exercise are scarce, especially those related with oxidative stress associated with physical activity and virtually nonexistent with the reduced form, Ubiquinol. The objective of this study was to determine, for the first time, whether a short‐term supplementation with Ubiquinol can prevent oxidative stress associated to strenuous exercise. The participants (n = 100 healthy and well trained, but not on an elite level) were classified in two groups: Ubiquinol (experimental group), and placebo group (control). The protocol consisted of conducting two identical strenuous exercise tests with a rest period between tests of 24 h. Blood and urine samples were collected from the participants before supplementation (basal value) (T1), after supplementation (2 weeks) (T2), after first physical exercise test (T3), after 24 h of rest (T4), and after second physical exercise test (T5).The increase observed in the lactate, isoprostanes, DNA damage, and hydroperoxide levels reveals the severity of the oxidative damage induced by the exercise. There was a reduction in the isoprostanes, 8‐OHdG, oxidized LDL, and hydroperoxydes in the supplemented Ubiquinol group, an increase in total antioxidant status, fat soluble antioxidant (both plasma and membrane), and CAT activity. Also, NO in the Ubiquinol‐supplemented group was maintained within a narrow range. Oxidative stress induced by strenuous exercise is accumulative and increases transiently in subsequent sessions of physical activity. A short‐term supplementation (2 weeks) with Ubiquinol (200 mg/day) before strenuous exercise, decreases oxidative stress and increases plasma NO, fact that could improve endothelial function, energetic substrate supply, and muscle recovery after strenuous exercise. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):612–622, 2016
Oral 2‐oleyl glyceryl ether improves glucose tolerance in mice through the GPR119 receptor
Authors: Hassing H.A. , Engelstoft M.S. , Sichlau R.M. , Madsen A.N. , Rehfeld J.F. , Pedersen J. , Jones R.M. , Holst J.J. , Schwartz T.W. , Rosenkilde M.M. , Hansen H.S. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe intestinal G protein‐coupled receptor GPR119 is a novel metabolic target involving glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1)‐derived insulin‐regulated glucose homeostasis. Endogenous and diet‐derived lipids, including N‐acylethanolamines and 2‐monoacylglycerols (2‐MAG) activate GPR119. The purpose of this work is to evaluate whether 2‐oleoyl glycerol (2‐OG) improves glucose tolerance through GPR119, using wild type (WT) and GPR 119 knock out (KO) mice. We here show that GPR119 is essential for 2‐OG‐mediated release of GLP‐1 and CCK from GLUTag cells, since a GPR119 specific antagonist completely abolished the hormone release. Similarly, in isolated primary colonic crypt cultures from WT mice, GPR119 was required for 2‐OG‐stimulated GLP‐1 release while there was no response in crypts from KO mice. In vivo, gavage with 2‐oleyl glyceryl ether ((2‐OG ether), a stable 2‐OG analog with a potency of 5.3 µM for GPR119 with respect to cAMP formation as compared to 2.3 µM for 2‐OG), significantly (P < 0.05) improved glucose clearance in WT littermates, but not in GPR119 KO mice. Finally, deletion of GPR119 in mice resulted in lower glucagon levels, whereas the levels of insulin and GIP were unchanged. In the present study we show that 2‐OG stimulates GLP‐1 secretion through GPR119 activation in vitro, and that fat‐derived 2‐MAGs are potent candidates for mediating fat‐induced GLP‐1 release through GPR119 in vivo. © 2016 BioFactors, 42(6):665–673, 2016