bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reputation as a governance mechanism? Evidence from payout policy of insider‐controlled firms in Taiwan
Authors: Kuo Liang‐wei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the effect of entrenched insiders’ reputational concerns on corporate payout policy in Taiwan, a market in which typical public firms are controlled by a single dominant shareholder who is subject to weak takeover threats and has incentives and abilities to extract private benefits by oppressing minority equity holders. The reputation‐building hypothesis predicts that firms with higher expropriation risk by a controlling shareholder make more payouts to credibly commit not to expropriate minority shareholders, thereby establishing reputation in the capital market for risk diversification and low‐cost external financing. I show that corporate payout intensity is significantly and positively correlated with measures related to the moral hazard of dominant owners. The reputation effect manifests in firms that most value it; the interaction analyses indicate that younger, smaller, or growth firms with higher controlling shareholder expropriation risk pay more cash dividends. Moreover, firms are less likely to omit dividends and more likely to resume dividends when their controlling shareholders are more entrenched. Finally, I show that the value of cash dividends is higher for firms with higher controlling shareholder expropriation risk and that expected dividend increases in these firms are value enhancing.
A prospective clinical trial to assess the optical efficacy of pink neck implants and pink abutments on soft tissue esthetics
Authors: Gil Mindy S. , Ishikawa‐Nagai Shigemi , Elani Hawazin W. , Da Silva John D. , Kim David M. , Tarnow Dennis , Schulze‐Späte Ulrike , Bittner Nurit 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this prospective, randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical study was to analyze the optical effects of an anodized pink colored implant shoulder/abutment system in the peri‐implant mucosa of immediately placed dental implants.Materials and MethodForty subjects with a restoratively hopeless tooth in the maxillary esthetic zone, were recruited and randomized to receive either a pink‐neck implant, or a conventional gray implant. All patients received an immediate implant and immediate provisional and two identical CAD/CAM titanium abutments with different surface colors: pink and gray, and one zirconia all‐ceramic crown. The color of the peri‐implant mucosa was measured using a dental spectrophotometer and analyzed using CIELAB color system.ResultsThe overall color difference between the peri‐implant mucosa with a pink abutment and a gray abutment was ΔE = 4.22. Patients with gray implants presented a color change of ΔE = 3.86‐4.17 with this abutment change, while patients with pink implants had a color change of ΔE = 3.84‐4.69. The peri‐implant mucosa with a pink abutment was significantly more red when compared with a gray abutment (P ≤ .01).ConclusionsWhen a pink abutment was used, there is a significant color change of the peri‐implant mucosa that is above the detectable color threshold.Clinical significanceEsthetic outcomes are important for the success of implant treatment of maxillary anterior implants. The phenomenon of the gray color of a dental implant and abutment shining through the peri‐implant mucosa has been documented in the literature. The objective of this study was to assess the optical effect of an anodized pink‐neck implant and a pink abutment on the color of peri‐implant mucosa. This study demonstrates that using pink‐neck implant and a pink abutment would contribute positively to the overall esthetic outcome for an anterior implant.
Public Participation: Moving Beyond the Four Walls of Therapy
Authors: Jordan Lorien S. , Seponski Desiree M. 
Published: June 2017

Family therapists have an ethical responsibility for public participation, to work toward creating a better society. Serving the public interest and developing laws to promote the profession and the public good can be achieved through policy advocacy and political participation. Political and policy work are important but overlooked aspects of family therapy, which is significant given the consequences differing policies have for clients and the profession. This paper reports on results from a random, national survey of licensed family therapists’ (N = 174) advocacy actions. Findings indicate family therapists have overarching policy concerns yet lack proactive legislative and activist engagement. The exploration of therapists’ actions and beliefs presented in this paper, serves as a springboard for therapists’ movement into the public arena.Video abstract accessible by clicking here.
Targeted unlabeled multiple reaction monitoring analysis of cell markers for the study of sample heterogeneity in isolated rat brain cortical microvessels
Authors: Gomez‐Zepeda David , Chaves Catarina , Taghi Méryam , Sergent Philippe , Liu Wang‐Qing , Chhuon Cérina , Vidal Michel , Picard Martin , Thioulouse Elizabeth , Broutin Isabelle , Guerrera Ida‐Chiara , Scherrmann Jean‐Michel , Parmentier Yannick , Decleves Xavier , Menet Marie‐Claude 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLiquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry‐based targeted absolute protein quantification (in fmol of the analyte protein per μg of total protein) is employed for the molecular characterization of the blood–brain barrier using isolated brain microvessels. Nevertheless, the heterogeneity of the sample regarding the levels of different cells co‐isolated within the microvessels and bovine serum albumin (BSA) contamination (from buffers) are not always evaluated. We developed an unlabeled targeted liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method to survey the levels of endothelial cells (ECs), astrocytes, and pericytes, as well as BSA contaminant in rat cortical microvessels. Peptide peak identities were evaluated using a spectral library and chromatographic parameters. Sprague–Dawley rat microvessels obtained on three different days were analyzed with this method complemented by an absolute quantification multiple reaction monitoring method for transporter proteins P‐gp, Bcrp, and Na+/K+ ATPase pump using stable isotope labeled peptides as internal standard. Inter‐day differences in the cell markers and BSA contamination were observed. Levels of cell markers correlated positively between each other. Then, the correlation between cell marker proteins and transporter proteins was evaluated to choose the best EC marker protein for protein quantification normalization. The membrane protein Pecam‐1 showed a very high correlation with the EC‐specific transporter P‐gp (Pearson product‐moment correlation coefficient (r) > 0.89) and moderate to high with Bcrp (r ≥ 0.77), that can be found also in pericytes and astrocytes. Therefore, Pecam‐1 was selected as a marker for the normalization of the quantification of the proteins of endothelial cells.
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Clk1‐regulated aerobic glycolysis is involved in glioma chemoresistance
Authors: Zhang Li , Yang Huicui , Zhang Wenbin , Liang Zhongqin , Huang Qiang , Xu Guoqiang , Zhen Xuechu , Zheng Long Tai 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChemoresistance remains a major challenge for the treatment of glioma. In this study, we investigated the role of Clock 1 (Clk1), which encodes an enzyme that is necessary for ubiquinone biosynthesis in glioma chemoresistance in vitro. The results showed that Clk1 was highly expressed in GL261 mouse glioma cells which were most sensitive to 1,3Bis (2‐chloroethyl) 1 nitrosourea (BCNU) while was low expressed in BCNU resistant cells such as glioma cancer stem cells, T98G, U87MG and U251 glioma cells. Knockdown of Clk1 in GL261 glioma cells significantly reduced BCNU‐ or cisplatin‐induced cell apoptosis, whereas the proliferative activity and the expression of multidrug resistance‐related genes including MDR1, O6‐methylguanine‐DNA methyltransferase, and GSTP1 were not changed. When Clk1 was re‐expressed in Clk1 knockdown GL261 glioma cells, the BCNU sensitivity was restored. The mechanistic study revealed that knockdown of Clk1 in GL261 glioma cells increased aerobic glycolysis including high glucose consumption, lactate production, and up‐regulation of glycolysis‐associated genes. Inhibition of glycolysis can reverse the chemoresistance elicited by Clk1 knockdown in GL261 cells. Moreover, knockdown of Clk1 induced HIF‐1α expression in GL261 glioma cells which was found to be mediated by AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway. Both metformin and rapamycin reversed the chemoresistance of Clk1 knockdown GL261 glioma cells. Over‐expression of Clk1 significantly increased the sensitivity of T98G or U251 human glioblastoma cells to BCNU which was accompanied by decreased lactate secretion, decreased expression of HIF‐1α, AMPK activation, and inhibition of mTOR pathway. Inhibition of glycolysis or activation of AMPK did not alter Clk1 expression in variant glioma cell lines suggesting that aerobic glycolysis is not an upstream event of Clk1 expression in glioma cells. Taken together, our results revealed, for the first time, that mitochondrial Clk1 regulated chemoresistance in glioma cells through AMPK/mTOR/HIF‐1α mediated glycolysis pathway.
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Drug‐coated balloon: Long‐term outcome from a real world three‐center experience
Authors: Zivelonghi Carlo , Ghione Matteo , Benfari Giovanni , Cuman Magdalena , Fede Alfredo , Lunardi Mattia , Cordone Stefano , Botta Marco , Pacchioni Andrea , Bellone Pietro , Reimers Bernhard , Ribichini Flavio L. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesIn‐stent restenosis (ISR) and diffuse small vessel disease still represent challenging subsets for percutaneous coronary interventions, also in the new‐generation DES era. We aim at reporting on the long‐term clinical outcome of drug‐coated balloons (DCB) in all‐comers population.MethodsConsecutive patients treated with DCB between January 2011 and December 2014 were retrospectively studied in three centers of northern Italy. The measured end‐points were cardiac death, myocardial infarction (MI), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and major adverse cardiac events (MACE) defined as combination of cardiac death, MI, and TLR.ResultsWe included 143 patients. Of the 167 lesions treated, 41 (24.5%) were de novo lesions in small coronary vessels (<2.5 mm) and 126 (75.4%) were ISR. Among ISR lesions, 78.5% were DES‐ISR, 32.5% were focal, 15.8% multifocal, 30.1% diffuse, 18.2% proliferative, and 3.1% were total occlusions. Procedural success was achieved in 94.6% of cases. Overall survival free from MACEs was 91.6% at 12 months, and 75.3% at 48 months, with a total of 3 cardiac deaths, 8 MI, and 27 TLR. No thrombotic event occurred in the treated segments. There were no differences in MACESs between the ISR and de novo lesions groups. At multivariate analysis, acute coronary syndromes, previous MI, previous surgical revascularization, peripheral arterial disease and diabetes were independent predictors of MACEs at long‐term follow‐up.ConclusionsDCB proved a valid revascularization strategy in an all‐comers population of patients with ISR and de novo lesions in small vessels, with an acceptable rate of cardiac events up to 48 months follow‐up.
Tongue–palatal contact changes in patients with skeletal mandibular prognathism after sagittal split ramus osteotomy: an electropalatography study
Authors: Kojima S. , Kaku M. , Yamamoto I. , Yasuhara Y. , Sumi H. , Yamamoto T. , Yashima Y. , Izumino J. , Nakajima K. , Nagano Y. , Kono M. , Yoshimura A. , Ueasa M. , Tanimoto K. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in tongue–palatal contact patterns using electropalatography (EPG) before and after sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) in patients with mandibular prognathism. Nine clients who underwent SSRO for mandibular setback and seven control subjects were participated in this study. Tongue–palatal contact patterns for /t/, /s/ and /k/ production were investigated using EPG before surgery and 3 months after surgery. The mean value of whole total of palate contact (WT) in the maximum contact frame was examined before and after SSRO. The correlation quantity between the change of center of gravity (COG) value and the amount of mandibular setback was also evaluated. The mean value of WT for /t/ and /s/ significantly increased after SSRO, and the EPG pattern became normal. However, a remarkable change in WT for /k/ was not observed, and the mean value was significantly larger in the SSRO group before and after surgery than in the control group. A negative correlation between COG variation and the amount of mandibular setback for /t/ and positive correlation for /s/ was observed. This study demonstrated that tongue–palatal contact patterns for /t/ and /s/ articulation improved clearly after SSRO. There was a significant correlation between COG variation and the amount of mandibular setback. However, no significant change was detected through perceptual assessment before and after SSRO. Further investigation is needed to determine whether these results will change over time.
LGBTQ Youth's Views on Gay‐Straight Alliances: Building Community, Providing Gateways, and Representing Safety and Support
Authors: Porta Carolyn M. , Singer Erin , Mehus Christopher J. , Gower Amy L. , Saewyc Elizabeth , Fredkove Windy , Eisenberg Marla E. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDGay‐Straight Alliances (GSAs) are school‐based clubs that can contribute to a healthy school climate for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (LGBTQ) youth. While positive associations between health behaviors and GSAs have been documented, less is known about how youth perceive GSAs.METHODSA total of 58 LGBTQ youth (14‐19 years old) mentioned GSAs during go‐along interviews in 3 states/provinces in North America. These 446 comments about GSAs were thematically coded and organized using Atlas.ti software by a multidisciplinary research team.RESULTSA total of 3 themes describe youth‐perceived attributes of GSAs. First, youth identified GSAs as an opportunity to be members of a community, evidenced by their sense of emotional connection, support and belonging, opportunities for leadership, and fulfillment of needs. Second, GSAs served as a gateway to resources outside of the GSA, such as supportive adults and informal social locations. Third, GSAs represented safety.CONCLUSIONSGSAs positively influence the physical, social, emotional, and academic well‐being of LGBTQ young people and their allies. School administrators and staff are positioned to advocate for comprehensive GSAs. Study findings offer insights about the mechanisms by which GSAs benefit youth health and well‐being.
Implementation of a Computerized Tablet‐Survey in an Adolescent Large‐Scale, School‐Based Study
Authors: Delk Joanne , Harrell Melissa B. , Fakhouri Tala H.I. , Muir Katelyn A. , Perry Cheryl L. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDComputerized surveys present many advantages over paper surveys. However, school‐based adolescent research questionnaires still mainly rely on paper‐and‐pencil surveys as access to computers in schools is often not practical. Tablet‐assisted self‐interviews (TASI) present a possible solution, but their use is largely untested. This paper presents a method for and our experiences with implementing a TASI in a school setting.METHODSA TASI was administered to 3907 middle and high school students from 79 schools. The survey assessed use of tobacco products and exposure to tobacco marketing. To assess in‐depth tobacco use behaviors, the TASI employed extensive skip patterns to reduce the number of not‐applicable questions that nontobacco users received. Pictures were added to help respondents identify the tobacco products they were being queried about.RESULTSStudents were receptive to the tablets and required no instructions in their use. None were lost, stolen, or broken. Item nonresponse, unanswered questions, was a pre‐administration concern; however, 92% of participants answered 96% or more of the questions.CONCLUSIONSThis method was feasible and successful among a diverse population of students and schools. It generated a unique dataset of in‐depth tobacco use behaviors that would not have been possible through a paper‐and‐pencil survey.
Implementing and Evaluating Environmental and Policy Interventions for Promoting Physical Activity in Rural Schools
Authors: Baker Elizabeth A. , Elliott Michael , Barnidge Ellen , Estlund Amy , Brownson Ross C. , Milne Anne , Kershaw Freda , Hashimoto Derek 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSchools are an important setting for improving behaviors associated with obesity, including physical activity. However, within schools there is often a tension between spending time on activities promoting academic achievement and those promoting physical activity.METHODSA community‐based intervention provided administrators and teachers with a training on evidence‐based public health and then collaborated with them to identify and implement environmental (walking track) and local school policy interventions (brain breaks). The evaluation included conducting in‐depth interviews and SOPLAY observations to assess the facilitators and barriers and impact of the dissemination of environmental and policy changes.RESULTSIndividual, organizational, intervention, and contextual factors influenced dissemination. Teachers reported that brain breaks increased student focus and engagement with classroom material and decreased student behavioral problems. Students decreased sedentary behavior and increased vigorous behavior. Of the 4 schools, 2 increased walking.CONCLUSIONSActive dissemination of environmental and policy interventions by engaging school administrators and teachers in planning and implementation shows potential for increasing physical activity in rural school settings.
Melatonin reduces endoplasmic reticulum stress and corneal dystrophy‐associated TGFBIp through activation of endoplasmic reticulum‐associated protein degradation
Authors: Choi Seung‐il , Lee Eunhee , Akuzum Begum , Jeong Jang Bin , Maeng Yong‐Sun , Kim Tae‐im , Kim Eung Kweon 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is emerging as a factor for the pathogenesis of granular corneal dystrophy type 2 (GCD2). This study was designed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of melatonin on ER stress in GCD2. Our results showed that GCD2 corneal fibroblasts were more susceptible to ER stress‐induced death than were wild‐type cells. Melatonin significantly inhibited GCD2 corneal cell death, caspase‐3 activation, and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase 1 cleavage caused by the ER stress inducer, tunicamycin. Under ER stress, melatonin significantly suppressed the induction of immunoglobulin heavy‐chain‐binding protein (BiP) and activation of inositol‐requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α), and their downstream target, alternative splicing of X‐box binding protein 1(XBP1). Notably, the reduction in BiP and IRE1α by melatonin was suppressed by the ubiquitin‐proteasome inhibitor, MG132, but not by the autophagy inhibitor, bafilomycin A1, indicating involvement of the ER‐associated protein degradation (ERAD) system. Melatonin treatment reduced the levels of transforming growth factor‐β‐induced protein (TGFBIp) significantly, and this reduction was suppressed by MG132. We also found reduced mRNA expression of the ERAD system components HRD1 and SEL1L, and a reduced level of SEL1L protein in GCD2 cells. Interestingly, melatonin treatments enhanced SEL1L levels and suppressed the inhibition of SEL1L N‐glycosylation caused by tunicamycin. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms by which melatonin confers its protective actions during ER stress. The results also indicate that melatonin might have potential as a therapeutic agent for ER stress‐related diseases including GCD2.
Melatonin delays photoreceptor degeneration in a mouse model of autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Xu Xiao‐Jian , Wang Shu‐Min , Jin Ying , Hu Yun‐Tao , Feng Kang , Ma Zhi‐Zhong 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRetinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of incurable inherited retinal degenerations. Targeting common processes, instead of mutation‐specific treatment, has proven to be an innovative strategy to combat debilitating retinal degeneration. Growing evidence indicates that melatonin possesses a potent activity against neurodegenerative disorders by mitigating cell damage associated with apoptosis and inflammation. Given the pleiotropic role of melatonin in central nervous system, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether melatonin would afford protection against retinal degeneration in autosomal recessive RP (arRP). Rd10, a well‐characterized murine model of human arRP, received daily intraperitoneal injection of melatonin (15 mg/kg) between postnatal day (P) 13 and P30. Retinas treated with melatonin or vehicle were harvested for analysis at P30 and P45, respectively. The findings showed that melatonin could dampen the photoreceptors death and delay consequent retinal degeneration. We also observed that melatonin weakened the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in Müller cells. Additionally, melatonin could alleviate retinal inflammatory response visualized by IBA1 staining, which was further corroborated by downregulation of inflammation‐related genes, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf‐α), chemokine (C‐C motif) ligand 2 (Ccl2), and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 10 (Cxcl10). These data revealed that melatonin could ameliorate retinal degeneration through potentially attenuating apoptosis, reactive gliosis, and microglial activation in rd10 mice. Moreover, these results suggest melatonin as a promising agent improving photoreceptors survival in human RP.
Effect of transglutaminase on quality and gel properties of pork and fish mince mixtures
Authors: Li Qingzheng , Gui Ping , Huang Zhan , Feng Ligeng , Luo Yongkang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTransglutaminase (TGase) is widely applied in the meat industry, and mixing of meat from various sources is an efficient way to enhance the quality of meat products. In this study, sensory scores, color, gel properties, water holding capacity and microstructure of mince mixtures, treated with 0.4% TGase, were determined to investigate the effect of TGase and mixing ratios (pork/fish, 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10) on quality and gel properties of mince mixtures composed of pork and silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Results indicated that the mixture improved the sensory quality and gel properties of meat products compared to control group. The addition of TGase significantly (p < .05) increased the gel strength, especially at 7:3 ratio of pork and silver carp, in which gel strength reached its maximum and was 10.26%, 64.15% greater than pork with TGase and without TGase respectively, and water holding capacity were greater, and microstructure became more compact. The results suggest the synergetic interaction between proteins of pork and silver carp. TGase increased the interaction, especially for mixing proportion of 7:3 (pork/fish). Those results could be useful for the development of mixed and new meat products in the food industry.Practical applicationsPork and silver carp are two main meat in diet, and mince mixtures can improve the nutrition of meat product. TGase is usually used to enhance the texture and gel properties of meat in industry. The addition of TGase in pork/fish mince mixtures can not only improve the texture, but catalyze the synergetic interaction between proteins from different meat and further enhance gel properties of mice mixtures in a certain ratio. All of that will provide reference for meat processing and development of new meat product.