bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
10Be-inferred paleo-denudation rates imply that the mid-Miocene western central Andes eroded as slowly as today
Authors: Madella Andrea , Delunel Romain , Akçar Naki , Schlunegger Fritz , Christl Marcus 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTerrestrial cosmogenic nuclide concentrations of detrital minerals yield catchment-wide rates at which hillslopes erode. These estimates are commonly used to infer millennial scale denudation patterns and to identify the main controls on mass-balance and landscape evolution at orogenic scale. The same approach can be applied to minerals preserved in stratigraphic records of rivers, although extracting reliable paleo-denudation rates from Ma-old archives can be limited by the target nuclide’s half-life and by exposure to cosmic radiations after deposition. Slowly eroding landscapes, however, are characterized by the highest cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations; a condition that potentially allows pushing the method’s limits further back in time, provided that independent constraints on the geological evolution are available. Here, we report 13–10 million-year-old paleo-denudation rates from northernmost Chile, the oldest 10Be-inferred rates ever reported. We find that at 13–10 Ma the western Andean Altiplano has been eroding at 1–10 m/Ma, consistent with modern paces in the same setting, and it experienced a period with rates above 10 m/Ma at ~11 Ma. We suggest that the background tectono-geomorphic state of the western margin of the Altiplano has remained stable since the mid-Miocene, whereas intensified runoff since ~11 Ma might explain the transient increase in denudation.
Differential long non-coding RNA expression profiles in human oocytes and cumulus cells
Authors: Bouckenheimer Julien , Fauque Patricia , Lecellier Charles-Henri , Bruno Céline , Commes Thérèse , Lemaître Jean-Marc , De Vos John , Assou Said 
Published: January 2018

AbstractProgress in assisted reproductive technologies strongly relies on understanding the regulation of the dialogue between oocyte and cumulus cells (CCs). Little is known about the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the human cumulus-oocyte complex (COC). To this aim, publicly available RNA-sequencing data were analyzed to identify lncRNAs that were abundant in metaphase II (MII) oocytes (BCAR4, C3orf56, TUNAR, OOEP-AS1, CASC18, and LINC01118) and CCs (NEAT1, MALAT1, ANXA2P2, MEG3, IL6STP1, and VIM-AS1). These data were validated by RT-qPCR analysis using independent oocytes and CC samples. The functions of the identified lncRNAs were then predicted by constructing lncRNA-mRNA co-expression networks. This analysis suggested that MII oocyte lncRNAs could be involved in chromatin remodeling, cell pluripotency and in driving early embryonic development. CC lncRNAs were co-expressed with genes involved in apoptosis and extracellular matrix-related functions. A bioinformatic analysis of RNA-sequencing data to identify CC lncRNAs that are affected by maternal age showed that lncRNAs with age-related altered expression in CCs are essential for oocyte growth. This comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs expressed in human MII oocytes and CCs could provide biomarkers of oocyte quality for the development of non-invasive tests to identify embryos with high developmental potential.
Gasoline particle filter reduces oxidative DNA damage in bronchial epithelial cells after whole gasoline exhaust exposure in vitro
Authors: Usemann Jakob , Roth Michèle , Bisig Christoph , Comte Pierre , Czerwinski Jan , Mayer Andreas C. R. , Latzin Philipp , Müller Loretta 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA substantial amount of traffic-related particle emissions is released by gasoline cars, since most diesel cars are now equipped with particle filters that reduce particle emissions. Little is known about adverse health effects of gasoline particles, and particularly, whether a gasoline particle filter (GPF) influences the toxicity of gasoline exhaust emissions. We drove a dynamic test cycle with a gasoline car and studied the effect of a GPF on exhaust composition and airway toxicity. We exposed human bronchial epithelial cells (ECs) for 6 hours, and compared results with and without GPF. Two hours later, primary human natural killer cells (NKs) were added to ECs to form cocultures, while some ECs were grown as monocultures. The following day, cells were analyzed for cytotoxicity, cell surface receptor expression, intracellular markers, oxidative DNA damage, gene expression, and oxidative stress. The particle amount was significantly reduced due to GPF application. While most biological endpoints did not differ, oxidative DNA damage was significantly reduced in EC monocultures exposed to GPF compared to reference exhaust. Our findings indicate that a GPF has beneficial effects on exhaust composition and airway toxicity. Further studies are needed to assess long-term effects, also in other cell types of the lung.
Cold-induced metabolic conversion of haptophyte di- to tri-unsaturated C37 alkenones used as palaeothermometer molecules
Authors: Kitamura Eri , Kotajima Tomonori , Sawada Ken , Suzuki Iwane , Shiraiwa Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe cosmopolitan marine haptophyte alga Emiliania huxleyi accumulates very long-chain (C37-C40) alkyl ketones with two to four trans-type carbon-carbon double bonds (alkenones). These compounds are used as biomarkers of haptophytes and as palaeothermometers for estimating sea-surface temperatures in biogeochemistry. However, the biosynthetic pathway of alkenones in algal cells remains enigmatic, although it is well known that the C37 tri-unsaturated alkenone (K37:3) becomes dominant at low temperatures, either by desaturation of K37:2 or by a separate pathway involving the elongation of tri-unsaturated alkenone precursors. Here, we present experimental evidence regarding K37:3 synthesis. Using the well-known cosmopolitan alkenone producer E. huxleyi, we labelled K37:2 with 13C by incubating cells with 13C-bicarbonate in the light at 25 °C under conditions of little if any K37:3 production. After stabilisation of the 13C-K37:2 level by depleting 13C-bicarbonate from the medium, the temperature was suddenly reduced to 15 °C. The 13C-K37:2 level rapidly decreased, and the 13C-K37:3 level increased, whereas the total 13C-K37 level—namely [K37:2 + K37:3]—remained constant. These 13C-pulse-chase-like experimental results indicate that 13C-K37:2 is converted directly to 13C-K37:3 by a desaturation reaction that is promoted by a cold signal. This clear-cut experimental evidence is indicative of the existence of a cold-signal-triggered desaturation reaction in alkenone biosynthesis.
Conical voltage sensor for measuring very fast transient overvoltage up to 3 MV in ultra‐high‐voltage class gas‐insulated switchgear
Authors: Zhang Lu , Mao Chen , Pu Lu , Wu Jingfeng , Wang Sen , Ding Bin , Sun Lei , Zhang Qiaogen 
Published: January 2018

Very fast transient overvoltage (VFTO) engenders great threat to gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS) in ultra‐high‐voltage (UHV) power system. A novel conical voltage sensor was developed based on combination of the conical voltage divider and coaxial integral device to measure VFTO in UHV GIS. The results indicate that the conical structure of the voltage sensor can make the wave impedance translate smoothly from the high‐voltage arm to the coaxial cable, which significantly reduces refraction and reflection of VFTO. The optimum value of the integral capacitance is between 100 and 200 pF, which is determined by the integral resistance, capacitance of the sensor, and the length of the transmission line. To avoid refraction and reflection of VFTO in the process of transmission, the length of the transmission cable should not exceed 20 cm. Calibration results show that the response time of the conical voltage sensor is <4.8 ns, the voltage attenuation ratio of the sensor can reach up to 43,402 and the frequency band is between 7.8 Hz and 73 MHz. The conical voltage sensor was tested on a steep impulse voltage equipment, and the result showed the sensor could measure VFTO up to 3 MV.
Wind properties of variable B supergiants
Authors: Haucke M. , Cidale L. S. , Venero R. O. J. , Curé M. , Kraus M. , Kanaan S. , Arcos C. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Variable B supergiants (BSGs) constitute a heterogeneous group of stars with complex photometric and spectroscopic behaviours. They exhibit mass-loss variations and experience different types of oscillation modes, and there is growing evidence that variable stellar winds and photospheric pulsations are closely related.
Aims. To discuss the wind properties and variability of evolved B-type stars, we derive new stellar and wind parameters for a sample of 19 Galactic BSGs by fitting theoretical line profiles of H, He, and Si to the observed ones and compare them with previous determinations.
Methods. The synthetic line profiles are computed with the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) atmosphere code FASTWIND, with a β-law for hydrodynamics.
Results. The mass-loss rate of three stars has been obtained for the first time. The global properties of stellar winds of mid/late B supergiants are well represented by a β-law with β > 2. All stars follow the known empirical wind momentum–luminosity relationships, and the late BSGs show the trend of the mid BSGs. HD 75149 and HD 99953 display significant changes in the shape and intensity of the Hα line (from a pure absorption to a P Cygni profile, and vice versa). These stars have mass-loss variations of almost a factor of 2.8. A comparison among mass-loss rates from the literature reveals discrepancies of a factor of 1 to 7. This large variation is a consequence of the uncertainties in the determination of the stellar radius. Therefore, for a reliable comparison of these values we used the invariant parameter Qr. Based on this parameter, we find an empirical relationship that associates the amplitude of mass-loss variations with photometric/spectroscopic variability on timescales of tens of days. We find that stars located on the cool side of the bi-stability jump show a decrease in the ratio V∞∕Vesc, while their corresponding mass-loss rates are similar to or lower than the values found for stars on the hot side. Particularly, for those variable stars a decrease in V∞∕Vesc is accompanied by a decrease in Ṁ.
Conclusions. Our results also suggest that radial pulsation modes with periods longer than 6 days might be responsible for the wind variability in the mid/late-type. These radial modes might be identified with strange modes, which are known to facilitate (enhanced) mass loss. On the other hand, we propose that the wind behaviour of stars on the cool side of the bi-stability jump could fit with predictions of the δ−slow hydrodynamics solution for radiation-driven winds with highly variable ionization.
The magnetic nature of umbra–penumbra boundary in sunspots
Authors: Jurčák J. , Rezaei R. , Bello González N. , Schlichenmaier R. , Vomlel J. 
Published: January 2018

Context. Sunspots are the longest-known manifestation of solar activity, and their magnetic nature has been known for more than a century. Despite this, the boundary between umbrae and penumbrae, the two fundamental sunspot regions, has hitherto been solely defined by an intensity threshold.
Aim. Here, we aim at studying the magnetic nature of umbra–penumbra boundaries in sunspots of different sizes, morphologies, evolutionary stages, and phases of the solar cycle.
Methods. We used a sample of 88 scans of the Hinode/SOT spectropolarimeter to infer the magnetic field properties in at the umbral boundaries. We defined these umbra–penumbra boundaries by an intensity threshold and performed a statistical analysis of the magnetic field properties on these boundaries.
Results. We statistically prove that the umbra–penumbra boundary in stable sunspots is characterised by an invariant value of the vertical magnetic field component: the vertical component of the magnetic field strength does not depend on the umbra size, its morphology, and phase of the solar cycle. With the statistical Bayesian inference, we find that the strength of the vertical magnetic field component is, with a likelihood of 99%, in the range of 1849–1885 G with the most probable value of 1867 G. In contrast, the magnetic field strength and inclination averaged along individual boundaries are found to be dependent on the umbral size: the larger the umbra, the stronger and more horizontal the magnetic field at its boundary.
Conclusions. The umbra and penumbra of sunspots are separated by a boundary that has hitherto been defined by an intensity threshold. We now unveil the empirical law of the magnetic nature of the umbra–penumbra boundary in stable sunspots: it is an invariant vertical component of the magnetic field.
Evaluation Of Career Guidance Program In Vocational High School
Authors: Martaningsih Sri Tutur 
Published: January 2018

Career success is the achievement and self-actualization of the individual in his chosen career path. Understanding self-potentials and self-weaknesses, choice suitability, readiness and decisions, and understanding career development are expected to support individual career success. Facilitating the preparation of individual career development needs to be pursued for individual careers optimal development to benefit themselves and many others. Vocational high school students armed with relevant job competences, prepared for working after graduation. On the other hand, vocational high school graduates are still in their adolescent age with the development stage of search for identity, not yet thinking about career, so they needed more intensive career insight briefing through career guidance. Career guidance in vocational high school should be able to build students’ career readiness, and the maturity in their adolescent age which is relatively unstable in their socio-emotional.
This review of career guidance program evaluation is conducted qualitatively through surveys, interviews and leiterature studies to provide an overview of evaluation program and its relevance to the necessity. Understanding the quality, weaknesses, obstacles to service implementation, and potential utilization are expected to improve career guidance effectiveness services in vocational high school. An evaluation on the overall career guidance program, will provide feedback for ongoing improvement. Various evaluation models are available, it needs to be selected about the relevance to the career counseling program characteristics, so that evaluation feedback is more optimal.
Disruption of the ciliary GTPase Arl13b suppresses Sonic hedgehog overactivation and inhibits medulloblastoma formation
Authors: Bay Sarah N. , Long Alyssa B. , Caspary Tamara 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor. Current therapies are associated with negative side effects, and one-fourth of patients are treatment-resistant or develop tumor progression. Since 30% of medulloblastomas exhibit activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway, much research centers on identifying molecular targets that are able to reduce the high levels of Shh pathway activity that cause tumors. As cilia are required for Shh signaling, we provide evidence that inactivation of a ciliary protein called Arl13b reduces Shh-dependent transcription and proliferation, inhibiting tumor formation in a mouse model of medulloblastoma. Arl13b disruption moderately affects cilia, indicating that Arl13b is a potential candidate for therapeutic drug development.
Field migration rates of tidal meanders recapitulate fluvial morphodynamics
Authors: Finotello Alvise , Lanzoni Stefano , Ghinassi Massimiliano , Marani Marco , Rinaldo Andrea , D’Alpaos Andrea 
Published: January 2018

Significance
Meandering tidal channel networks play a central role in the ecomorphodynamic evolution of the landscapes they cut through. Despite their ubiquitous presence and relevance to sedimentary and landscape features, few observations of tidal-meander evolution exist, and we lack a full understanding of the governing processes. Field analyses show that tidal meanders, traditionally viewed as stable landscape features, display modes of migration and migration rates per unit width quite similar to those characterizing their fluvial counterparts, with important implications for the characterization of the related sedimentary products. The results presented here contribute to our understanding of the morphological evolution of tidal landscapes.
Insecurity, polio vaccination rates, and polio incidence in northwest Pakistan
Authors: Verma Amol A. , Jimenez Marcia P. , Tangermann Rudolf H. , Subramanian S. V. , Razak Fahad 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The international spread of poliovirus has been declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern by the World Health Organization, and Pakistan is one of only three countries that have never stopped poliovirus circulation. We analyzed polio incidence and polio vaccination data from 32 districts of northwest Pakistan and constructed a measure of insecurity based on journalistic reports of deaths and injuries resulting from conflict-related security incidents. Insecurity was associated with reduced vaccinator access, reduced polio vaccination, and increased polio incidence. These findings provide strong scientific evidence that insecurity is an important obstacle to global polio eradication.
OLT1177, a β-sulfonyl nitrile compound, safe in humans, inhibits the NLRP3 inflammasome and reverses the metabolic cost of inflammation
Authors: Marchetti Carlo , Swartzwelter Benjamin , Gamboni Fabia , Neff Charles P. , Richter Katrin , Azam Tania , Carta Sonia , Tengesdal Isak , Nemkov Travis , D’Alessandro Angelo , Henry Curtis , Jones Gerald S. , Goodrich Scott A. , St. Laurent Joseph P. , Jones Terry M. , Scribner Curtis L. , Barrow Robert B. , Altman Roy D. , Skouras Damaris B. , Gattorno Marco , Grau Veronika , Janciauskiene Sabina , Rubartelli Anna , Joosten Leo A. B. , Dinarello Charles A. 
Published: January 2018

Significance
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular oligomer regulating the activation of caspase-1 for the processing and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. Although there is growing evidence to substantiate inflammasome inhibition as a therapeutic option for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, to date, there are no approved humans agents. OLT1177, a β-sulfonyl nitrile molecule, shown to be safe in humans, is a selective inhibitor of the NLRP3 inflammasome, with unique properties to reverse the metabolic costs of inflammation and to treat IL-1β– and IL-18–mediated diseases.
Myopic (HD-PTP, PTPN23) selectively regulates synaptic neuropeptide release
Authors: Bulgari Dinara , Jha Anupma , Deitcher David L. , Levitan Edwin S. 
Published: January 2018

SignificanceNeurotransmission relies on exocytosis of two vesicle types: small synaptic vesicles (SSVs) that contain small-molecule transmitters and dense-core vesicles (DCVs) that contain neuropeptides. The secretory apparatus for synaptic exocytosis has appeared to be conserved for the two vesicle types. This study at the fruit fly neuromuscular junction shows that up- or down-regulating the multifunctional protein Myopic increases synaptic neuropeptide stores by selectively reducing synaptic neuropeptide release evoked by electrical activity or cAMP. In contrast, SSV-mediated release is not affected by Myopic. These results show that Myopic, which is already implicated in neuropeptide gene expression, selectively participates in exocytosis of synaptic DCVs.
Neurobiology of bilingualism
Authors: Maschio Nicola Del , Abutalebi Jubin 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
A basic issue in the neuroscience of language is whether the neural representation of L2 converges with that of L1. In this chapter we review data from functional and structural neuroimaging studies focusing on phonological, grammatical and lexico-semantic processing in bilinguals. Functional data indicate that L1 and L2 are processed through the same neural structures, both in comprehension and production. Reported L1-L2 differences are typically modulated by L2 proficiency and exposure. Structural data show that bilinguals may exhibit neuroanatomical alterations as a consequence of bilingual experience, and that the quantity and quality of second-language experience affects brain structure. Neuroimaging evidence also supports the notion that language control is a crucial aspect specific to the bilingual language system.
Effect of the Japanese diet during pregnancy and lactation or post-weaning on the risk of metabolic syndrome in offspring
Authors: Ishikawa Haruna , Guo Xiaoxu , Sugawara Saeko , Iwagaki Yui , Yamamoto Kazushi , Tsuduki Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
We examined the effects on offspring of ingestion of the 1975 Japanese diet during pregnancy and lactation and after weaning in mice. Pregnant dams were divided into groups that were fed the Japanese diet or a control diet and raised until offspring were weaned. The offspring after weaning were further divided into groups that were raised on the Japanese diet or the control diet. Ingestion of the Japanese diet after weaning suppressed accumulation of visceral fat in offspring, and reduced the amount of lipids in serum and liver. This effect was weakened if the Japanese diet was only ingested during pregnancy and lactation. Therefore, it was suggested that ingestion of the Japanese diet of mothers during pregnancy and lactation weakens the lipid accumulation inhibitory effect of the Japanese diet in children.
A p-angulated Generalisation of Conway and Coxeter’s Theorem on Frieze Patterns
Authors: Holm Thorsten , Jørgensen Peter 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Coxeter defined the notion of frieze pattern, and Conway and Coxeter proved that triangulations of polygons are in bijection with integral frieze patterns. We show a p-angulated generalisation involving nonintegral frieze patterns. We also show that polygon dissections give rise to even more general nonintegral frieze patterns.