bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fast transient LED driver with adaptive frequency control according to load variation for large‐sized LCD backlights
Authors: Jung Young‐Ho , Hong Seong‐Kwan , Kwon Oh‐Kyong 
Published: February 2018

AbstractA fast transient light‐emitting diode (LED) driver is proposed for large‐sized liquid crystal display TV backlights in attempt to shorten the recovery time and to reduce the voltage fluctuation, while maintaining a high power efficiency. The direct current‐direct current (DC–DC) converter in the proposed LED driver accurately detects the load variation using the dimming data and then adjusts the slew rate and operating frequency according to the detected load variation. Thus, it rapidly controls the turn‐on time of the power switch and then controls the inductor current so that the output of the proposed LED driver can be accurately regulated during the load transient time. To verify the performance of the proposed LED driver, a DC–DC converter and an expandable LED current controller were fabricated using a 0.35‐μm bipolar–complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS)–double‐diffused metal–oxide–semiconductor (DMOS) process technology and assembled with 48 LED channels for measurement. The measurement results show that the proposed LED driver improves the recovery time and voltage fluctuation by 45.1% and 45.6%, respectively. In addition, it achieves a maximum power of 115.2 W and a maximum power efficiency of 89.2%. Therefore, the proposed LED driver is suitable for high‐end applications such as large‐sized LED TV backlight modules.
An Extension of the Perseverative Cognition Hypothesis to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptomatology: Cardiovascular Recovery in Relation to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Severity and Cognitive Appraisals of Stress
Authors: Kibler Jeffrey L. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBeyond the construct of cardiovascular reactivity, the measurement of cardiovascular recovery from stress represents an important index of exaggerated physiological arousal and disease risk. Cardiovascular recovery in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has not received adequate attention. The present study examined whether cardiovascular recovery following an oral speaking stressor was associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms, and whether cognitive stress appraisals of threat and challenge were significantly associated with PTSD severity and recovery. The sample consisted of 50 trauma‐exposed civilian women ranging from 19 to 49 years of age (M = 30.9, SD = 7.8). The PTSD severity indices were quantified based on structured interview. Cardiovascular recovery was assessed at two posttask time points as percentage return to baseline; the recovery measures consisted of impedance cardiography‐derived cardiac output (CO) and total peripheral resistance (TPR), heart rate and blood pressure. Total PTSD severity was associated with less CO recovery, r = −.39, p = .006; this effect was similar across PTSD symptom categories, with significant correlations ranging from r = −.30 to r = −.44. However, only PTSD severity in the avoidance cluster was associated with less TPR recovery, r = −.29, p = .047. Total PTSD severity was associated with greater threat appraisal, r = .30, p = .035, and greater threat appraisal was associated with less CO recovery, r = −.33, p = .019. Results partially support the theory that greater PTSD severity and cognitive appraisals of threat contribute to less cardiovascular recovery when confronted with a stress‐inducing situation.
Identification of freshwater zooplankton species using protein profiling and principal component analysis
Authors: Hynek Radovan , Kuckova Stepanka , Cejnar Pavel , Junková Petra , Přikryl Ivo , Říhová Ambrožová Jana 
Published: February 2018

AbstractCrustaceans are vital components of the freshwater zooplankton that link various trophic levels. Because crustaceans, particularly cladocerans of the Daphnia genus, are sensitive to environmental changes, they can serve as indicators of environmental fluctuations. Therefore, it is highly desirable to have a fast and reliable method for the identification of individual Daphnia species. In this study, we demonstrated the ability of protein profiling to distinguish between freshwater zooplankton species. Individual specimens were morphologically identified before being analyzed by proteomic fingerprinting using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). The obtained mass spectra were used to create a reference library. Subsequently, the individual species were successfully identified using Biotyper software. The variability between the spectra of individual Daphnia species was verified by principal component analysis (PCA). Our results suggest that the combination of proteome fingerprinting using MALDI‐TOF MS and PCA has considerable potential as a rapid tool for the unambiguous identification of individual species of freshwater zooplankton without the need for expert morphological analysis.
Active Search for Computer‐aided Drug Design
Authors: Oglic Dino , Oatley Steven A. , Macdonald Simon J. F. , Mcinally Thomas , Garnett Roman , Hirst Jonathan D. , Gärtner Thomas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractWe consider lead discovery as active search in a space of labelled graphs. In particular, we extend our recent data‐driven adaptive Markov chain approach, and evaluate it on a focused drug design problem, where we search for an antagonist of an
integrin, the target protein that belongs to a group of Arg−Gly−Asp integrin receptors. This group of integrin receptors is thought to play a key role in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a chronic lung disease of significant pharmaceutical interest. As an in silico proxy of the binding affinity, we use a molecular docking score to an experimentally determined
protein structure. The search is driven by a probabilistic surrogate of the activity of all molecules from that space. As the process evolves and the algorithm observes the activity scores of the previously designed molecules, the hypothesis of the activity is refined. The algorithm is guaranteed to converge in probability to the best hypothesis from an a priori specified hypothesis space. In our empirical evaluations, the approach achieves a large structural variety of designed molecular structures for which the docking score is better than the desired threshold. Some novel molecules, suggested to be active by the surrogate model, provoke a significant interest from the perspective of medicinal chemistry and warrant prioritization for synthesis. Moreover, the approach discovered 19 out of the 24 active compounds which are known to be active from previous biological assays.
Signaltransduktion einer lichtregulierten Sensorhistidinkinase
Authors: Möglich Andreas 
Published: February 2018

AbstractObwohl Sensorhistidinkinasen in der Natur weit verbreitet sind, sind die molekularen Prozesse, die nach Signaldetektion ablaufen, unzureichend verstanden. In der Sensorhistidinkinase YF1 verändert Blaulicht die Struktur eines Coiled‐Coil‐Linkers, was sich auf die katalytische Aktivität auswirkt.
Georg Henning ‐ eine Spurensuche
Authors: Wu Xian 
Published: February 2018

AbstractGeorg Henning patentierte die Herstellung eines der brisantesten und wichtigsten Sprengstoffe, war fleißiger Chemiker und zugleich Unternehmer, der mehrere Firmen gründete. Heutzutage ist sein Name fast vergessen – im Gegensatz zu seinen Beiträgen zur Chemie‐ und Pharmaindustrie.
Genetic Population Structure of Shoal Bass within their Native Range
Authors: Taylor Andrew T. , Tringali Michael D. , Sammons Steven M. , Ingram Travis R. , O'Rouke Patrick M. , Peterson Douglas L. , Long James M. 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
Endemic to the Apalachicola River basin of the southeastern USA, the Shoal Bass Micropterus cataractae is a fluvial-specialist sport fish that is imperiled because of anthropogenic habitat alteration. To counter population declines, restorative stocking efforts are becoming an increasingly relevant management strategy. However, population genetic structure within the species is currently unknown, but it could influence management decisions, such as brood source location. Leveraging a collaborative effort to collect and genotype specimens with 16 microsatellite loci, our objective was to characterize hierarchical population structure and genetic differentiation of the Shoal Bass across its native range, including an examination of structuring mechanisms, such as relatedness and inbreeding levels. Specimens identified as Shoal Bass were collected from 13 distinct sites (N ranged from 17 to 209 per location) and were then taxonomically screened to remove nonnative congeners and hybrids (pure Shoal Bass N ranged from 13 to 183 per location). Our results revealed appreciable population structure, with five distinct Shoal Bass populations identifiable at the uppermost hierarchical level that generally corresponded with natural geographic features and anthropogenic barriers. Substructure was recovered within several of these populations, wherein differences appeared related to spatial isolation and local population dynamics. An analysis of molecular variance revealed that 3.6% of the variation in our data set was accounted for among three larger river drainages, but substructure within each river drainage also explained an additional 8.9% of genetic variation, demonstrating that management at a scale lower than the river drainage level would likely best conserve genetic diversity. Results provide a population genetic framework that can inform future management decisions, such as brood source location, so that genetic diversity within and among populations is conserved and overall adaptability of the species is maintained.
Under-Ice Population Density Estimation of Alaska Blackfish
Authors: Fraley Kevin M. , Haynes Trevor B. , López J. Andrés 
Published: February 2018

Abstract
The Alaska Blackfish Dallia pectoralis is an understudied but ecologically important mudminnow occurring in lentic ecosystems of subarctic and Arctic Alaska. We sampled a population of Alaska Blackfish during the winter months in an upland pond near Fairbanks, Alaska, and we used a simple mark–recapture estimator to provide the first population estimate for this species. We found that Alaska Blackfish density in the pond was approximately 0.27 individuals/m2, equating to an estimated biomass of 15 g/m2 of pond surface area, which is similar to density estimates reported for other mudminnow species. We tested capture methods and found that under-ice minnow trapping was a poor method during early winter (September–December) but was highly effective near methane sumps and areas of high muskrat Ondatra zibethicus activity in late winter (March–April). Qualitatively, nearshore minnow trapping, seining, and kicknetting during the ice-free season were less effective than under-ice trapping. Cursorily, pelvic fin clips were more effective for batch marking of Alaska Blackfish than two types of subcutaneous tags, given the high numbers of individuals we captured and the species’ relatively small body size and dark skin, which hindered tag visualization. We demonstrated that Alaska Blackfish can occur at high densities in their typical habitat, underscoring their importance as forage fish in Alaskan freshwater ecosystems that support subsistence and sport fisheries for piscivorous fishes. Extending this approach across the geographic range of Alaska Blackfish will improve understanding of the ecological role of this species in the varying aquatic ecosystems where it occurs.
Is there “brain OAB” and how can we recognize it? International Consultation on Incontinence‐Research Society (ICI‐RS) 2017
Authors: Apostolidis Apostolos , Wagg Adrian , Rahnam­­­a'i Mohammad S. , Panicker Jalesh N. , Vrijens Desiree , von Gontard Alexander 
Published: February 2018

AimsIn light of mounting evidence supporting the association of brain regions with the control of urine storage and voiding, the high placebo effect in OAB studies as well as certain anecdotal observations from clinical practice with OAB patients, the role of the brain in OAB was explored.MethodsAt the ICI‐RS 2017 meeting, a panel of Functional Urologists and Basic Scientists presented literature data generating a proposal to discuss whether there is “brain OAB” and how we could recognize it.ResultsExisting data point toward organic brain causes of OAB, in particular concerning white matter disease (WMD) and aging, but with currently speculative mechanisms. Imaging techniques have revealed connectivity changes between brain regions which may explain brain‐peripheral interactions in OAB patients, further to acknowledged structural and functional changes in the central nervous system (CNS). Furthermore, psychological disorders like stress and depression have been identified as causes of OAB, with animal and human studies proposing a neurochemical and neuroendocrine pathophysiological basis, involving either the serotoninergic system or the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenal axis. Finally, childhood data suggest that OAB could be a developmental disorder involving the CNS, although childhood OAB could be a different condition than that of adults in many children.ConclusionsFuture research should aim to identify the pathogenesis of WMD and the aging processes affecting the brain and the bladder, with possible benefits in prevention strategies, as well as connectivity disorders within the CNS, the pathophysiology of OAB in childhood and the neurochemical pathways connecting affective disorders with OAB.
MutS‐Homolog2 silencing generates tetraploid meiocytes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
Authors: Sarma Supriya , Pandey Arun Kumar , Sharma Kapil , Ravi Maruthachalam , Sreelakshmi Yellamaraju , Sharma Rameshwar 
Published: February 2018

AbstractMSH2 is the core protein of MutS‐homolog family involved in recognition and repair of the errors in the DNA. While other members of MutS‐homolog family reportedly regulate mitochondrial stability, meiosis, and fertility, MSH2 is believed to participate mainly in mismatch repair. The search for polymorphism in MSH2 sequence in tomato accessions revealed both synonymous and nonsynonymous SNPs; however, SIFT algorithm predicted that none of the SNPs influenced MSH2 protein function. The silencing of MSH2 gene expression by RNAi led to phenotypic abnormalities in highly silenced lines, particularly in the stamens with highly reduced pollen formation. MSH2 silencing exacerbated formation of UV‐B‐induced thymine dimers and blocked light‐induced repair of the dimers. The MSH2 silencing also affected the progression of male meiosis to a varying degree with either halt of meiosis at zygotene stage or formation of diploid tetrads. The immunostaining of male meiocytes with centromere localized CENPC (centromere protein C) antibody showed the presence of 48 univalent along with 24 bivalent chromosomes suggesting abnormal tetraploid meiosis. The mitotic cells of root tips of silenced lines showed diploid nuclei but lacked intervening cell plates leading to cells with syncytial nuclei. Thus, we speculate that tetraploid pollen mother cells may have arisen due to the fusion of syncytial nuclei before the onset of meiosis. It is likely that in addition to mismatch repair (MMR), MSH2 may have an additional role in regulating ploidy stability.
Development of strategies for genetic manipulation and fine‐tuning of a chloroplast retrograde signal 3′‐phosphoadenosine 5′‐phosphate
Authors: Phua Su Yin , Pornsiriwong Wannarat , Chan Kai Xun , Estavillo Gonzalo M. , Pogson Barry J. 
Published: February 2018

AbstractHomeostasis of metabolism and regulation of stress‐signaling pathways are important for plant growth. The metabolite 3′‐phosphoadenosine‐5′‐phosphate (PAP) plays dual roles as a chloroplast retrograde signal during drought and high light stress, as well as a toxic by‐product of secondary sulfur metabolism, and thus, its levels are regulated by the chloroplastic phosphatase, SAL1. Constitutive PAP accumulation in sal1 mutants improves drought tolerance but can impair growth and alter rosette morphology. Therefore, it is of interest to derive strategies to enable controlled and targeted PAP manipulation that could enhance drought tolerance while minimizing the negative effects on plant growth. We systematically tested the potential and efficiency of multiple established transgenic manipulation tools in altering PAP levels in Arabidopsis. Dexamethasone (dex)‐inducible silencing of SAL1 via hpRNAi [pOpOff:SAL1hpRNAi] yielded reduction in SAL1 transcript and protein levels, yet failed to significantly induce PAP accumulation. Surprisingly, this was not due to insufficient silencing of the inducible system, as constitutive silencing using a strong promoter to drive hpRNAi and amiRNA targeting the SAL1 transcript also failed to increase PAP content or induce a sal1‐like plant morphology despite significantly reducing the SAL1 transcript levels. In contrast, using dex‐inducible expression of SAL1 cDNA to complement an Arabidopsis sal1 mutant successfully modulated PAP levels and restored rosette growth in a dosage‐dependent manner. Results from this inducible complementation system indicate that plants with intermediate PAP levels could have improved rosette growth without compromising its drought tolerance. Additionally, preliminary evidence suggests that SAL1 cDNA driven by promoters of genes expressed specifically during early developmental stages such as ABA‐Insensitive 3 (ABI3) could be another potential strategy for studying and optimizing PAP levels and drought tolerance while alleviating the negative impact of PAP on plant growth in sal1. Thus, we have identified ways that can allow future dissection into multiple aspects of stress and developmental regulation mediated by this chloroplast signal.
Natural variation of life‐history traits, water use, and drought responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Ferguson John N. , Humphry Matt , Lawson Tracy , Brendel Oliver , Bechtold Ulrike 
Published: February 2018

AbstractThe ability of plants to acquire and use water is critical in determining life‐history traits such as growth, flowering, and allocation of biomass into reproduction. In this context, a combination of functionally linked traits is essential for plants to respond to environmental changes in a coordinated fashion to maximize resource use efficiency. We analyzed different water‐use traits in Arabidopsis ecotypes to identify functionally linked traits that determine water use and plant growth performance. Water‐use traits measured were (i) leaf‐level water‐use efficiency (WUEi) to evaluate the amount of CO2 fixed relative to water loss per leaf area and (ii) short‐term plant water use at the vegetative stage (VWU) as a measure of whole‐plant transpiration. Previously observed phenotypic variance in VWU, WUEi and life‐history parameters, highlighted C24 as a valuable ecotype that combined drought tolerance, preferential reproductive biomass allocation, high WUEi, and reduced water use. We therefore screened 35 Arabidopsis ecotypes for these parameters, in order to assess whether the phenotypic combinations observed in C24 existed more widely within Arabidopsis ecotypes. All parameters were measured on a short dehydration cycle. A segmented regression analysis was carried out to evaluate the plasticity of the drought response and identified the breakpoint as a reliable measure of drought sensitivity. VWU was largely dependent on rosette area, but importantly the drought sensitivity and plasticity measures were independent of the transpiring leaf surface. A breakpoint at high rSWC indicated a more drought‐sensitive plant that closed stomata early during the dehydration cycle and consequently showed stronger plasticity in leaf‐level WUEi parameters. None of the sensitivity, plasticity, or water‐use measurements were able to predict the overall growth performance; however, there was a general trade‐off between vegetative and reproductive biomass. PCA and hierarchical clustering revealed that C24 was unique among the 35 ecotypes in uniting all the beneficial water use and stress tolerance traits, while also maintaining above average plant growth. We propose that a short dehydration cycle, measuring drought sensitivity and VWU is a fast and reliable screen for plant water use and drought response strategies.
Differential relations of executive functioning to borderline personality disorder presentations in adolescents
Authors: Kalpakci Allison , Ha Carolyn , Sharp Carla 
Published: February 2018

AbstractBorderline personality disorder (BPD) in adolescents is highly complex and heterogeneous. Within the disorder, research has suggested the existence of at least two subgroups: one with predominantly internalizing psychopathology features and one with predominantly externalizing psychopathology features. One process that may differentiate these groups is executive functioning (EF), given that poor EF is linked to externalizing psychopathology. Against this background, the current study used a multi‐informant approach to examine whether adolescent patients with predominantly externalizing BPD presentations experience greater deficits in EF than adolescent patients with predominantly internalizing presentations. The sample included inpatient adolescents ages 12–17 (M = 15.26; SD = 1.51). Analyses revealed that multiple EF domains distinguished the BPD subgroups. More specifically, adolescents with externalizing presentations exhibited greater difficulties in broad domains related to global executive functioning, metacognition and behavioural regulation and specific domains related to inhibitory control, working memory, planning/organizing, monitoring and organization of materials. While this study is the first to examine EF and adolescent BPD in the context of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology, alternative approaches to examining this question are discussed. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomics with Mass Spectrometry Imaging: Beyond Amyloid Typing
Authors: Lavatelli Francesca , Merlini Giampaolo 
Published: February 2018

AbstractDetection and typing of amyloid deposits in tissues are two crucial steps in the management of systemic amyloidoses. The presence of amyloid deposits is routinely evaluated through Congo red staining, whereas proteomics is now a mainstay in the identification of the deposited proteins. In article number 1700236, Winter et al. [Proteomics 2017, 17, Issue 22] describe a novel method based on MALDI–MS imaging coupled to ion mobility separation and peptide filtering, to detect the presence of amyloid in histology samples and to identify its composition, while preserving the spatial distribution of proteins in tissues.