bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The “three ages” of left‐behind Moroccan wives: Status, decision‐making power, and access to resources
Authors: Lenoël Audrey 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe migration and development literature increasingly interrogates the effects of emigration on sociocultural change in the countries of origin, especially in relation to gender relations. Various studies conducted in the context of patriarchal societies have posited that male emigration may result in an empowerment of the women staying behind, with very mixed conclusions. Analysing in‐depth interviews with 12 women living in a southwestern Moroccan town in a region of historic emigration to France, this contribution seeks to further this investigation by considering how migration and remittances impact women's bargaining and decision‐making power within the household left behind. It examines how migration affects what is generally regarded as an enabling factor of women's empowerment, that is, the process of household nuclearisation through which migrants' wives can emancipate themselves from the control of their in‐laws and gain more control over finances. It shows how women's power and status change over time, following the important stages of the domestic cycle and the migratory trajectory of their husbands. This paper distinguishes three “ages” for wives left behind, corresponding to different power configurations in the local and transnational households. In contrast with the empowerment hypothesis, the interviews suggest that migration may actually contribute to the resilience of the traditional extended household structure rather than its demise. Overall, this contribution argues that migration systems predicated on a patriarchal social and family order are unlikely to bring about sustainable women's empowerment in the origin household and community.
Concise Review: Wharton's Jelly: The Rich, but Enigmatic, Source of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Davies John E. , Walker John T. , Keating Armand 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe umbilical cord has become an increasingly used source of mesenchymal stromal cells for preclinical and, more recently, clinical studies. Despite the increased activity, several aspects of this cell population have been under-appreciated. Key issues are that consensus on the anatomical structures within the cord is lacking, and potentially different populations are identified as arising from a single source. To help address these points, we propose a histologically based nomenclature for cord structures and provide an analysis of their developmental origins and composition. Methods of cell isolation from Wharton's jelly are discussed and the immunophenotypic and clonal characteristics of the cells are evaluated. The perivascular origin of the cells is also addressed. Finally, clinical trials with umbilical cord cells are briefly reviewed. Interpreting the outcomes of the many clinical studies that have been undertaken with mesenchymal stromal cells from different tissue sources has been challenging, for many reasons. It is, therefore, particularly important that as umbilical cord cells are increasingly deployed therapeutically, we strive to better understand the derivation and functional characteristics of the cells from this important tissue source.
Solvent‐Free Oxidative Synthesis of 2‐Substituted Benzimidazoles by Immobilized Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles on Alumina/Silica Support
Authors: Reddy Panyala L. , Arundhathi Racha , Tripathi Mohit , Chauhan Prashant , Yan Ning , Rawat Diwan S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHighly active cobalt oxide nanoparticles supported on alumina/silica (Co3O4@Al2O3/SiO2) were prepared by wet impregnation method and successfully employed for the solvent free (neat) oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohols/amines with o‐phenylenediamines for the synthesis of 2‐substituted benzimidazoles. The catalyst prepared during this study was characterized by various techniques like XRD, XPS, HR‐TEM, SEM‐EDAX, BET surface area and ICP‐AES analysis. Porous alumina/silica (99:1) having high surface area served as a protective heterogeneous support on which the Co3O4 nanoparticles (size 2–3.5 nm) acted as an active catalyst for air‐mediated oxidative coupling. The present methodology offers significant advantages for the preparation of bioactive benzimidazole scaffold and avoids the use of hazardous and toxic reagents/solvents, oxidizing agents and elevated reaction temperatures. Moreover, the catalyst can be recovered by centrifugation and its recyclability was demonstrated up to six successive runs without any appreciable loss in the catalytic activity
Highly Efficient Cofactors of Cu2+‐Dependent Deoxyribozymes
Authors: Han Haiyan , Huang Qiping , Liu Hui , Zhang Jingyan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDeoxyribozymes can catalyze various types of reactions mostly with metal ions as their cofactors. Here we demonstrate that three copper compounds with thiosemicarbazide or semicarbazide ligands, are highly active cofactors of Cu2+‐dependent deoxyribozymes without any additional reagents. The maximum catalytic rate constant of the deoxyribozyme with dichloro(di‐thiosemicarbazide)copper as a cofactor is ∼25‐fold faster than Cu2+ cofactor under the same reaction condition. Using a variety of spectroscopies, electrochemistry, and mutagenesis, we demonstrate that both the three‐dimensional structure and redox potential of the copper center of the cofactors are essential to the catalysis of deoxyribozymes. The cofactor interacts with the enzyme‐substrate complex forming a ternary enzyme‐substrate‐cofactor complex, which is confirmed by changing the structure of the enzyme‐substrate complex through varying the temperature, or mutating the active site of the enzyme and conserved site of the substrate. The result suggests that Cu2+‐dependent deoxyribozyme requires a well‐defined active site to carry out the catalysis proficiently.
Ag(I) Catalyzed Cascade Approach to 2‐(α‐Hydroxyacyl)pyrroles
Authors: Gandhi Soniya , Baire Beeraiah 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA mild cascade approach for the generation of 2‐(α‐hydroxyacyl)pyrroles under Ag(I) catalysis has been reported. This strategy involves a 5‐exo‐dig cyclization of insitu generated imines from 6‐hydroxyhex‐2‐en‐4‐ynals and primary amines followed by oxidation. The reaction is very general for propargylic alcohols, tethers and primary amines. Efficient synthesis of core structures of pyrrole based bioactive natural products have also been achieved. Control experiments revealed the fact that, presence of excess oxygen and water may favor the competitive formation of the furans over the pyrroles.
Solid‐State NIR‐Luminescence of 1H‐pyrido[1,2,3‐de]quinoxalini‐4‐ium Cationic Dyes.
Authors: Laramée‐Milette Baptiste , Ferreira Janaina G. , Hanan Garry S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNew dyes bearing a quinoxalinium core were readily prepared by a simple reaction between 8‐aminoquinoline and the appropriate α‐bromoketone. The intense absorption of the dyes past 500 nm suggest that they could potentially act as efficient organic chromophores. The solid‐state structural characterization revealed that the dyes tends to pack in a head‐to‐tail fashion, where intermolecular pi‐pi interactions lead to the formation of head‐to‐tail assemblies. Most of the dyes were found to be emissive in solution and in the solid‐state (500‐700 nm). Calculations at the density functional theory (DFT) level along with time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations confirmed the ILCT nature of the electronic processes.
Imaging mass spectrometry for metabolites: technical progress, multimodal imaging, and biological interactions
Authors: Ho Ying‐Ning , Shu Lin‐Jie , Yang Yu‐Liang 
Published: May 2017

Imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) allows the study of the spatial distribution of small molecules in biological samples. IMS is able to identify and quantify chemicals in situ from whole tissue sections to single cells. Both vacuum mass spectrometry (MS) and ambient MS systems have advanced considerably over the last decade; however, some limitations are still hard to surmount. Sample pretreatment, matrix or solvent choices, and instrument improvement are the key factors that determine the successful application of IMS to different samples and analytes. IMS with innovative MS analyzers, powerful MS spectrum databases, and analysis tools can efficiently dereplicate, identify, and quantify natural products. Moreover, multimodal imaging systems and multiple MS‐based systems provide additional structural, chemical, and morphological information and are applied as complementary tools to explore new fields. IMS has been applied to reveal interactions between living organisms at molecular level. Recently, IMS has helped solve many previously unidentifiable relations between bacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and insects. Other significant interactions on the chemical level can also be resolved using expanding IMS techniques. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1387. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1387This article is categorized under:

Analytical and Computational Methods > Analytical Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Metabolomics
Enhanced Recovery After Surgery: Can We Rely on the Key Factors or Do We Need the Bel Ensemble?
Authors: Jurt Jonas , Slieker Juliette , Frauche Pierre , Addor Valerie , Solà Josep , Demartines Nicolas , Hübner Martin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe success of enhanced recovery (ERAS) pathways depends on the actual application of the intended protocol (adherence), but its full implementation remains challenging. In order to potentially streamline the pathway, it is indispensable to know the impact of individual items and the entire protocol on clinical outcomes.MethodsRetrospective analysis including all consecutive colorectal ERAS patients since implementation (May 2011) until February 2014; demographics, adherence and outcomes were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database. Primary outcome was the impact of individual item and of the entire protocol on complications (overall and major) and length of hospital stay. Statistical analysis included logistic multivariate regression and adjustment for confounding factors.ResultsThere were 328 patients with complete data sets analyzed. A minimally invasive approach [odd ratio (OR) 0.62; confidence interval (CI) 0.4–0.9] was significantly associated with less overall complications. In contrast, the use of prophylactic nasogastric tubes (OR 3.18; CI 1.4–7.4), prophylactic abdominal and pelvic drains (OR 1.96; 1.2–3.2) and intraoperative thoracic epidural analgesia (OR 1.76; CI 1.3–2.4) were associated with more overall complications. Minimal invasive approach was further associated with reduced hospital stay (OR 0.5; CI 0.4–0.7) and less major complications (OR 0.58; CI 0.4–0.8). Higher adherence to the entire ERAS protocol was associated with significantly less complications (P < 0.001) and shorter hospital stay (P < 0.001).ConclusionsMinimally invasive surgery was the single most important component of the ERAS pathway while nasogastric tubes, drains and epidurals should be avoided. Overall, increasing adherence with the protocol was associated with better outcomes and should be the goal.
Perianal leiomyoma
Authors: Santos Bruna Fernandes dos , Boarini Lucas Rodrigues , Oliveira Pietro Dadalto , Formiga Fernanda Belotti , Formiga Galdino José Sitonio , Costa Anderson da Costa Lino 
Published: May 2017

AbstractLeiomyomas are smooth muscle tumors and may occur in places where these fibers are present, while the anorectal location is rare. They are commonly incidental imaging findings and in most cases, patients are asymptomatic. The therapeutic recommendation is tumor resection and postoperative follow-up. Case report: a 38-year-old Black woman had, one year ago, a swelling in perianal right region, which showed slow and progressive growth. She denied bowel habit alterations, local pain, hematochezia, or tenesmus. Proctologic examination showed a fibroelastic, regular, mobile, painless nodule measuring 10 cm at its largest diameter in the right perianal region, next to the anal verge. The soft tissue ultrasound image identified a solid, hypoechoic, and discreetly vascularized nodule in the perianal, superficial right gluteal region that did not reach the adjacent muscles. A complete resection of perineal tumor was carried out in the ventral position. Histological and immunohistochemical analyses disclosed a leiomyoma with a positive finding for actin smooth muscle and negative for desmin. She is currently asymptomatic and undergoing outpatient follow-up.
The impact of colostomy on the patient's life
Authors: Campos Karis de , Bot Luiz Henrique Benites , Petroianu Andy , Rebelo Priscila Argento , Souza Angela Alves Correia de , Panhoca Ivone 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurpose To evaluate the emotional, psychological, sexual, social, and professional impact, before and after surgery, on individuals submitted to a colostomy.Methods The study was carried out in two stages, with the participation of 15 individuals. First, we evaluated the emotional, psychic, sexual, social, and professional aspects of their lives, in the preoperative period of colostomy surgery. After that, the same aspects were evaluated six months after the surgery. This evaluation was based on the application of a questionnaire with 16 objective questions.Results Of the interviewees, 53.64% decreased their willingness to go out and do activities outside their homes, with a statistical significance of p = 0.001. Regarding the environment, 53.85% of the interviewees showed a perception of worsening of the environment. About physical activity, 66.65% showed a difference in the performance of physical activity after colostomy, being statistically significant, with p = 0.001. The sports environment did not change in 50% of the participants. Patient sexuality showed a significant decline with statistical significance (p = 0.008).Conclusion The impact that the colostomy generated on the patients’ lives, regarding the evaluated aspects, was perceptible, being of great importance the careful indication of this procedure to the patient.
Examining the utility of the Hamilton early warning scores (HEWS) at triage: Retrospective pilot study in a Canadian emergency department
Authors: Skitch Steven , Tam Benjamin , Xu Michael , McInnis Laura , Vu Anthony , Fox-Robichaud Alison 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesEarly warning scores use vital signs to identify patients at risk of critical illness. The current study examines the Hamilton Early Warning Score (HEWS) at emergency department (ED) triage among patients who experienced a critical event during their hospitalization. HEWS was also evaluated as a predictor of sepsis.MethodsThe study population included admissions to two hospitals over a 6-month period. Cases experienced a critical event defined by unplanned intensive care unit admission, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or death. Controls were randomly selected from the database in a 2-to-1 ratio to match cases on the burden of comorbid illness. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate HEWS as a predictor of the likelihood of critical deterioration and sepsis.ResultsThe sample included 845 patients, of whom 270 experienced a critical event; 89 patients were excluded because of missing vitals. An ROC analysis indicated that HEWS at ED triage had poor discriminative ability for predicting the likelihood of experiencing a critical event 0.62 (95% CI 0.58-0.66). HEWS had a fair discriminative ability for meeting criteria for sepsis 0.77 (95% CI 0.72-0.82) and good discriminative ability for predicting the occurrence of a critical event among septic patients 0.82 (95% CI 0.75-0.90).ConclusionThis study indicates that HEWS at ED triage has limited utility for identifying patients at risk of experiencing a critical event. However, HEWS may allow earlier identification of septic patients. Prospective studies are needed to further delineate the utility of the HEWS to identify septic patients in the ED.
A new model of respiration in blastoid (Echinodermata) hydrospires based on computational fluid dynamic simulations of virtual 3D models
Authors: Waters Johnny A. , White Lyndsie E. , Sumrall Colin D. , Nguyen Bonnie K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHydrospires are internal structures in blastoids that primarily served a respiratory function. Historically, hydrospires have been modeled as passive-flow respiratory structures with a vertical orientation. This project constructed virtual 3D models of blastoids from legacy acetate peel collections at the Naturalis Museum in the Netherlands. Computational fluid dynamic (CFD) simulations of the blastoid models reconstructed in living position indicated that hydrospires likely were oriented horizontally when the blastoid was in feeding mode in current velocities>0.5 cm/s to 10 cm/s. In this range of current velocities, passive water flow through the hydrospires did not produce conditions optimized for efficient gas exchange. However, optimal water flow through the hydrospires could be achieved if the excurrent velocity of water exiting the hydrospire through the spiracle was approximately one-half the velocity of ambient environmental currents. Maintaining such a ratio in the dynamic current systems in which blastoids lived suggests that cilia-driven active water flow through the hydrospires is a better model for optimizing respiratory effectiveness.
Hydrospire morphology and implications for blastoid phylogeny
Authors: Bauer Jennifer E. , Sumrall Colin D. , Waters Johnny A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe external expression of hydrospires in blastoids has provided a basis for major and minor group classification in the clade for over a century. Unfortunately, the complete anatomy of the hydrospires has never been comprehensively studied. This study examined and described the internal hydrospires of six spiraculate species by digitally extracting hydrospire data from a legacy data set of serial acetate peels. Although only six models have been currently generated, hydrospire morphology is variable both within and between previously escribed spiraculate families. Hydrospires were found to possess novel characters that were incorporated into a phylogenetic analysis of the six digitally modeled species and several related species. The addition of internal morphology into the phylogenetic analysis provides further resolution between groupings of blastoids.
Improving the Electability of Atheists in the United States: A Preliminary Examination
Authors: Franks Andrew S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDecades of polling data and recent research have demonstrated the magnitude of anti-atheist prejudice in the United States and its relationship to perceptions of atheists as immoral and untrustworthy. Across three studies, I examine the malleability of bias against atheists in the context of election politics. Informational manipulations of an atheist candidate's stated values (Study 1) and popularity (Study 2) improve participants’ perceptions of the morality and trustworthiness of and likelihood of voting for that atheist candidate, but religiously affiliated participants still prefer a similarly situated Christian candidate. Study 3 shows that participants are more likely to vote for an atheist when the opposing candidate was described as a theocrat. Implications of this research for ameliorating the under-representation of non-religious individuals in government are discussed.
Erfassung von Impulsivität und emotionaler Dysregulation bei Jugendlichen mit Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung
Authors: Kröger Christoph , del Pozo Melina Andrea , Kosfelder Joachim , Allroggen Marc , Grabowski Gabriele , Legenbauer Tanja 
Published: May 2017

Zusammenfassung. Die Skala zur Erfassung der Impulsivität und emotionalen Dysregulation (IES-27) bei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) hat sich in Forschung und Praxis bei Erwachsenen bewährt. In adaptierter Form soll das Instrument auch bei Jugendlichen (IES-27-J) sowie deren Angehörigen (IES-27-A) eingesetzt werden können. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie war die Evaluation dieser Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsskalen. Die psychometrischen Kennwerte der IES-27-J wurden anhand von zwei unabhängigen psychiatrischen Stichproben (n = 109 und n = 170) und die der IES-27-A von Angehörigen (n = 31) überprüft. Die Itemanalyse zeigt für beide Instrumente gute Ergebnisse. Die interne Konsistenz beträgt für die IES-27-J in beiden Stichproben α = .95 sowie α = .92 für die IES-27-A. Die Test-Retest-Reliabilität fiel sehr gut aus (ρ = .97). Für die IES-27-J ergaben sich in der exploratorischen Hauptkomponentenanalyse Hinweise auf eine einfaktorielle Struktur. Jugendliche mit einer BPS erzielten signifikant höhere Summenwerte als Patientinnen und Patienten mit depressiver Störung und Störung des Sozialverhaltens, was als Hinweis auf die diskriminative Validität der IES-27-J gewertet werden kann. Die IES-27-J weist einen moderaten Zusammenhang zur IES-27-A auf. Beide Instrumente können für die Forschung und Praxis eingesetzt werden. Zukünftig sollte eine Normierung mithilfe einer Stichprobe von gesunden Jugendlichen erfolgen.
Selective C70 encapsulation by a robust octameric nanospheroid held together by 48 cooperative hydrogen bonds
Authors: Markiewicz Grzegorz , Jenczak Anna , Kołodziejski Michał , Holstein Julian J. , Sanders Jeremy K. M. , Stefankiewicz Artur R 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSelf-assembly of multiple building blocks via hydrogen bonds into well-defined nanoconstructs with selective binding function remains one of the foremost challenges in supramolecular chemistry. Here, we report the discovery of a enantiopure nanocapsule that is formed through the self-assembly of eight amino acid functionalised molecules in nonpolar solvents through 48 hydrogen bonds. The nanocapsule is remarkably robust, being stable at low and high temperatures, and in the presence of base, presumably due to the co-operative geometry of the hydrogen bonding motif. Thanks to small pore sizes, large internal cavity and sufficient dynamicity, the nanocapsule is able to recognize and encapsulate large aromatic guests such as fullerenes C60 and C70. The structural and electronic complementary between the host and C70 leads to its preferential and selective binding from a mixture of C60 and C70.
TNFα drives mitochondrial stress in POMC neurons in obesity
Authors: Yi Chun-Xia , Walter Marc , Gao Yuanqing , Pitra Soledad , Legutko Beata , Kälin Stefanie , Layritz Clarita , García-Cáceres Cristina , Bielohuby Maximilian , Bidlingmaier Martin , Woods Stephen C. , Ghanem Alexander , Conzelmann Karl-Klaus , Stern Javier E. , Jastroch Martin , Tschöp Matthias H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractConsuming a calorically dense diet stimulates microglial reactivity in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) in association with decreased number of appetite-curbing pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons; whether the reduction in POMC neuronal function is secondary to the microglial activation is unclear. Here we show that in hypercaloric diet-induced obese mice, persistently activated microglia in the MBH hypersecrete TNFα that in turn stimulate mitochondrial ATP production in POMC neurons, promoting mitochondrial fusion in their neurites, and increasing POMC neuronal firing rates and excitability. Specific disruption of the gene expressions of TNFα downstream signals TNFSF11A or NDUFAB1 in the MBH of diet-induced obese mice reverses mitochondrial elongation and reduces obesity. These data imply that in a hypercaloric environment, persistent elevation of microglial reactivity and consequent TNFα secretion induces mitochondrial stress in POMC neurons that contributes to the development of obesity.