bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CCHybrid: CPU co‐scheduling in virtualization environment
Authors: Yu Linchen 
Published: June 2017

SummaryVirtualization is very important to build the emerging cloud infrastructure, and a VM (virtual machine) with many kinds of workloads can run on physical machines in cloud environment. The VMM (virtual machine manager) scheduling algorithm asynchronously schedules each VCPU (virtual CPU) of a VM and ensures the CPU time usage of each VM. This proportional share method is widely used, because it simplifies the implementation of VMM CPU scheduling algorithm and can provide near‐perfect performance for most ordinary workloads. However, when a VM runs with parallel workloads, the above method causes performance degradation because of the negative impact of virtualized systems. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an optimized scheduling system, called CCHybrid, for parallel program in the Xen. It uses weight‐based proportion share strategy to ensure the fairness. In order to resolve the impact of virtualization on synchronization, it uses a novel co‐scheduling strategy, which dynamically adjusts the size of co‐scheduling to remit CPU fragmentation and maintains the original asynchronous scheduling policy for non‐parallel applications. In this way, CCHybrid provides CPU resource allocation services for Xen and can decrease the negative impact of virtualized systems, while ensuring the fairness of VMs and the performance of non‐parallel workload. Experimental results show that in the case of multiple VMs, CCHybrid improves the performance of parallel workload from 15% to 50%, and the impact on non‐parallel workload is less than 5%, in comparison with the credit scheduling algorithm of Xen.
Chemical Communication between Molecules
Authors: Remón Patricia , Pischel Uwe 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this Minireview conceptual approaches towards the communication between (supra)molecular species are illustrated. The reviewed mechanisms include photophysical communication through energy transfer and communication mediated by chemical species that are released from precursors upon application of an external stimulus. The focus is on the stimulation by (reversible) photoreactions. Special attention has been given to supramolecular systems that illustrate the idea of chemical communication and information transfer in a very descriptive manner.
Multivariate Calibration Transfer between two Potentiometric Multisensor Systems
Authors: Khaydukova Maria , Panchuk Vitaly , Kirsanov Dmitry , Legin Andrey 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA multivariate calibration of multisensor systems is a very important stage in their application. Construction of reliable calibration model requires significant investment of time and money. Once established, calibration model can be applied normally only together with that particular multisensor system, which was employed for its’ construction – this can be a serious limitation for a wide adoption of multisensor systems in common laboratory practice. In order to address this issue we have studied the applicability of several calibration transfer techniques, such as direct standardization, single wavelength standardization and standardization with regularization coefficient for the data obtained from two potentiometric multisensor systems in analysis of complex lanthanide mixtures. It was found that mathematical correction of sensor array response using standardization with regularization coefficient allows for using the regression model derived for one sensor array together with the data obtained from another sensor array. The value of root mean squared error of prediction for total lanthanide concentration increased insignificantly (0.10 instead of 0.07 in log scale) compared with that provided by the first multisensor system.
Tools to minimize interlaboratory variability in vitellogenin gene expression monitoring programs
Authors: Jastrow Aaron , Gordon Denise A. , Auger Kasie M. , Punska Elizabeth C. , Arcaro Kathleen F. , Keteles Kristen , Winkelman Dana , Lattier David , Biales Adam , Lazorchak James M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

The egg yolk precursor protein vitellogenin is widely used as a biomarker of estrogen exposure in male fish. However, standardized methodology is lacking and little is known regarding the reproducibility of results among laboratories using different equipment, reagents, protocols, and data analysis programs. To address this data gap we tested the reproducibility across laboratories to evaluate vitellogenin gene (vtg) expression and assessed the value of using a freely available software data analysis program. Samples collected from studies of male fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) and minnows exposed to processed wastewater effluent were evaluated for vtg expression in 4 laboratories. Our results indicate reasonable consistency among laboratories if the free software for expression analysis LinRegPCR is used, with 3 of 4 laboratories detecting vtg in fish exposed to 5 ng/L EE2 (n = 5). All 4 laboratories detected significantly increased vtg levels in 15 male fish exposed to wastewater effluent compared with 15 male fish held in a control stream. Finally, we were able to determine that the source of high interlaboratory variability from complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cDNA) to quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses was the expression analysis software unique to each real-time qPCR machine. We successfully eliminated the interlaboratory variability by reanalyzing raw fluorescence data with independent freeware, which yielded cycle thresholds and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) efficiencies that calculated results independently of proprietary software. Our results suggest that laboratories engaged in monitoring programs should validate their PCR protocols and analyze their gene expression data following the guidelines established in the present study for all gene expression biomarkers. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3102–3107. Published 2017 Wiley Periodicals Inc. on behalf of SETAC. This article is a US government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
Natural variability of biochemical biomarkers in the macro-zoobenthos: Dependence on life stage and environmental factors
Authors: Scarduelli Lucia , Giacchini Roberto , Parenti Paolo , Migliorati Sonia , Di Brisco Agnese Maria , Vighi Marco 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Biomarkers are widely used in ecotoxicology as indicators of exposure to toxicants. However, their ability to provide ecologically relevant information remains controversial. One of the major problems is understanding whether the measured responses are determined by stress factors or lie within the natural variability range. In a previous work, the natural variability of enzymatic levels in invertebrates sampled in pristine rivers was proven to be relevant across both space and time. In the present study, the experimental design was improved by considering different life stages of the selected taxa and by measuring more environmental parameters. The experimental design considered sampling sites in 2 different rivers, 8 sampling dates covering the whole seasonal cycle, 4 species from 3 different taxonomic groups (Plecoptera, Perla grandis; Ephemeroptera, Baetis alpinus and Epeorus alpicula; Tricoptera, Hydropsyche pellucidula), different life stages for each species, and 4 enzymes (acetylcholinesterase, glutathione S-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, and catalase). Biomarker levels were related to environmental (physicochemical) parameters to verify any kind of dependence. Data were statistically elaborated using hierarchical multilevel Bayesian models. Natural variability was found to be relevant across both space and time. The results of the present study proved that care should be paid when interpreting biomarker results. Further research is needed to better understand the dependence of the natural variability on environmental parameters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:3158–3167. © 2017 SETAC
Aging of zinc added to soils with a wide range of different properties: Factors and modeling
Authors: Zhang Xi , Jiang Bao , Ma Yibing 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

The aging of metals added to soil is significant in ecological risk assessment and the derivation of soil environmental quality criteria. Semimechanistic aging models have been developed for some metals, but not for zinc (Zn). In the present study, a published dataset detailing the changes in isotopic exchangeability with time, after water-soluble Zn was added to 23 soils and incubated for 813 d, was used to analyze the effect of soil properties on aging and develop empirical and mechanistic models. Aging was mainly controlled by soil pH, probably because of precipitation, and was linearly correlated with the square root of incubation time, probably as a result of diffusion. Based on precipitation, diffusion, and/or occlusion, semimechanistic aging models were developed using a Zn hydrolysis constant of 6.52 to 6.61, apparent diffusion rate coefficient (D/r2) of 1.41 × 10−5/d, and a root mean square error of less than 15%. The optimized models were accurately validated by 4 independent field-incubated soils, with different doses of Zn under different conditions (the differences between measured and predicted isotopically exchangeable Zn were less than 10%). This enabled an understanding of the long-term behavior of Zn added to soils, and the results can be used for environmental risk assessments and the normalization of ecotoxicity datasets in the derivation of soil environmental quality criteria. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2925–2933. © 2017 SETAC
Surveillance and early warning systems of infectious disease in China: From 2012 to 2014
Authors: Zhang Honglong , Wang Liping , Lai Shengjie , Li Zhongjie , Sun Qiao , Zhang Peng 
Published: June 2017

SummaryAppropriate surveillance and early warning of infectious diseases have very useful roles in disease control and prevention. In 2004, China established the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System and the Public Health Emergency Event Surveillance System to report disease surveillance and events on the basis of data sources from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Surveillance System, China Infectious Disease Automated‐alert and Response System in this country. This study provided a descriptive summary and a data analysis, from 2012 to 2014, of these 3 key surveillance and early warning systems of infectious disease in China with the intent to provide suggestions for system improvement and perfection.
On numerical investigation of local Nusselt distribution between flat surface and impinging air jet from straight circular nozzle and power law correlations generation
Authors: Siddique Umair M , Bhise Ganesh A , Gulhane Nitin P 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe computational study of heat transfer characteristics over a flat surface under the impingement of an air jet is the most advanced scheme in the research field of convective heat transfer technology. This research aims to construct the semiempirical relations for predicting the magnitude of local Nusselt number (Nu) against the various impinging and target surface parameters. The impinging parameter includes Reynolds number (Re) and nozzle‐target spacing (Z/d), while the target surface parameter represents the Prandtl number (Pr) and nondimensional geometric thickness (t/d) of the target surface. The graphical representation of Nu versus r/d for different Pr and t/d justifies the saturation in the Nusselt profile beyond a critical value. The critical limit of Pr × t/d, reported in this study, rounds to 0.012. Hence, two sets of empirical relations for Pr × t/d < 0.012 and Pr × t/d > 0.012 must be defined. The semiempirical relations for Pr × t/d > 0.012 is only a function of impinging parameters, since the variation in Pr and t/d does not affect the Nu profile beyond this range. This work takes an initiative in reporting the semiempirical power law relations, which represent the local Nu magnitude within the range of Pr × t/d < 0.012. The reported empirical relations are the functions of Pr, t/d, Z/d, Re, and r/d.
Updating of working memory in ecstasy polydrug users: Findings from fNIRS
Authors: Montgomery Catharine , Fisk John E. , Roberts Carl A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAims/ObjectivesCognitive deficits are now well documented in ecstasy (MDMA) users with type and relative demand of task emerging as important factors. The updating component of executive processes appears to be particularly affected. The study reported here used functional near infrared spectroscopy imaging to investigate changes in cortical haemodynamics during memory updating.MethodTwenty ecstasy users and 20 non‐users completed verbal and spatial memory updating tasks and brain blood oxygenation and deoxygenation change was measured using functional near infrared spectroscopy.ResultsThere was no interaction between group and difficulty on the updating tasks, though there was a significant main effect of difficulty on both tasks. The effects of group approached significance on the verbal updating task. There were significant differences in blood oxygenation and deoxygenation change at optodes centred over the right and left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with ecstasy users showing greater blood oxygenation than the other groups.DiscussionThe lack of a behavioural difference on both tasks but presence of blood oxygenation and deoxygenation changes in letter updating provides support for the notion that ecstasy‐polydrug users are investing more effort to achieve the same behavioural output. Total lifetime dose was high, and recency of use was significantly related to most changes, suggesting that heavy and recent use may be particularly detrimental.
Impact of synthetic cannabinoids on the duration of opioid‐related withdrawal and craving among patients of addiction clinics in Kazakhstan: A prospective case–control study
Authors: Prilutskaya Mariya , Bersani Francesco Saverio , Corazza Ornella , Molchanov Sergey 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to prospectively assess whether regular use of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) affects the duration of opioid‐related withdrawal and craving symptoms in patients undergoing drug detoxification treatments.MethodsPatients (n = 193) with opioid use disorder, among which 47 patients are regularly using SCs, underwent integrated drug detoxification therapies. The Clinical Opiate Withdrawal Scale and a specific visual analogue scale were used to assess opioid withdrawal and craving symptoms over time.ResultsSubjects using SCs had significantly longer duration of withdrawal and craving symptoms (p < .001). Higher intake of SCs in the last 30 days (p = .045), shorter time since the last intake of SCs (p = .033), longer duration of SCs use (p < .001), and higher dosage of SCs (p < .001) were associated with longer duration of symptoms.DiscussionThis is the first study to assess the impact of SCs on the course of opioid withdrawal and craving symptoms. The results (a) suggest that patients with opioid use disorder in combination with regular use of SCs exhibit a significantly longer duration of opioid withdrawal and craving symptoms, (b) add to the accumulating evidence showing clinical and molecular cross talks between cannabinoids and opioids, and (c) underline novel harmful effects of SCs.
NLRP3 expression and urinary HSP72 in relation to biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy patients
Authors: El‐Horany Hemat El‐Sayed , Abd‐Ellatif Rania Nagi , Watany Mona , Hafez Yasser M. , Okda Hanaa Ibrahim 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDiabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the major causes of end‐stage renal disease. Nod‐like receptors nucleotide‐binding domain and leucine‐rich repeat pyrin‐3 domain (NLRP3) inflammasome displays a considerable role in the chronic inflammatory state observed in diabetic patients. Urinary heat shock protein 72 (uHSP72) is a sensitive and specific biomarker for the early detection of acute kidney injury. The aim of this study was to evaluate NLRP3 relative gene expression, its correlation with inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, and to assess the value of uHSP72 in the early detection of DN in type 2 diabetic patients with different degrees of DN. Forty‐five type 2 diabetic patients: 15 normoalbuminuric, 15 microalbuminuric, 15 macroalbuminuric, in addition to 15 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Clinical examination and routine laboratory investigations were performed. NLRP3 mRNA expression was assessed by real time polymerase chain reaction. Serum 8‐hydroxy‐2′‐deoxyguanosine (8‐OHdG), interleukin 1β (IL‐1β), and uHSP72 levels were estimated by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Serum chitotriosidase (CHIT1) activity was examined. NLRP3 mRNA relative expression, serum levels of 8‐OHdG, IL‐1β, and uHSP72, in addition to CHIT 1 activity were significantly increased in the macroalbuminuric patient group as compared to control and the other two diabetic groups. Also, a significant positive correlation was documented between the previously mentioned parameters and urinary albumin/creatinine ratio, serum creatinine, and HbA1c. Multiple linear regression analysis using urinary albumin/creatinine ratio as dependent variable confirmed that uHSP72 and NLRP3 mRNA relative expression were the independent predictors of DN (β were 0.432 and 0.448 respectively, P < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic analyses revealed that both NLRP3 mRNA relative expression and uHSP72 levels were useful biomarkers discriminating DN patients from patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (AUC were 0.957 and 0.983, respectively). uHSP72 may be considered as a novel potential diagnostic biomarker for the early detection of DN. Moreover, these data support the pivotal role of NLRP3 in the development and progression of DN. © 2017 IUBMB Life, 69(8):623–630, 2017
Are visceral adiposity index and lipid accumulation product reliable indices for metabolic disturbances in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Authors: Kavaric Nebojsa , Klisic Aleksandra , Ninic Ana 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundVisceral adiposity index (VAI) and Lipid accumulation product (LAP) are novel visceral adiposity indexes, proposed for the evaluation of cardiometabolic risk in adult population. Considering contradictory results obtained from many studies so far, we aimed to examine the potential benefit of applicability of VAI and LAP, over simple anthropometric indices and traditional lipid parameters in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2).MethodsA total of 180 DM2 (of them 50% females) and 119 controls who volunteered to participate in this cross‐sectional study were enrolled. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters, as well as blood pressure were obtained. VAI and LAP were calculated.ResultsMultivariate logistic regression analysis showed that high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐c), (P<.001), waist circumference (WC), (P=.027), age (P=.001), hypolipemic therapy (P=.024), and LAP (P=.005) were independent predictors of DM2 in adjusted models.In Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis, used to discriminate subjects with DM2 from those who did not have it, good accuracy of the applied procedures was only achieved with models which were consisted of parameters used in VAI (Body mass index, WC, HDL‐c, triglycerides) and LAP (WC, triglycerides) indexes equations, respectively [Area under the curve (AUC)=0.819 and AUC=0.800, respectively], but not with VAI (AUC=0.781) and LAP (AUC=0.784) indexes themselves.ConclusionVisceral adiposity index and Lipid accumulation product may not be better than parameters that enter its equation in type 2 diabetes prediction.
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Maternity Care Utilization: Evidence From Egypt, Jordan and Yemen
Authors: Rashad Ahmed Shoukry , Sharaf Mesbah Fathy 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe examine the socioeconomic inequalities in maternity care utilization in Egypt, Jordan and Yemen after the Arab Spring. The level of inequality is severe in Yemen, moderate in Egypt and minor in Jordan. Socioeconomic disparities in maternity care utilization are mainly a result of the lack of economic resources and its correlates among the poor. The political instability in the region did not hinder Egypt and Jordan from improving maternal health indicators at the national level. Increasing women education and poverty reduction measures focusing on rural communities could help narrow the inequalities in maternity care and hence improves population health outcomes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sonic hedgehog, Wnt, and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor cell signaling pathway crosstalk: potential therapy for depression
Authors: Tayyab Mohd , Shahi Mehdi H. , Farheen Shirin , Mariyath Mubeena P.M. , Khanam Nabeela , Castresana Javier S. , Hossain M. Mobarak 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThere are various theories to explain the pathophysiology of depression and support its diagnosis and treatment. The roles of monoamines, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Wnt signaling are well researched, but sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling and its downstream transcription factor Gli1 are not well studied in depression. Shh signaling plays a fundamental role in embryonic development and adult hippocampal neurogenesis and also involved in the growth of cancer. In this article, we summarize the evidence for the Shh signaling pathway in depression and the potential crosstalk of Shh with Wnt and BDNF. Antidepressants are known to upregulate the adult hippocampal neurogenesis to treat depression. Shh plays an important role in adult hippocampal neurogenesis, and its downstream signaling components regulate the synthesis of Wnt proteins.Moreover, the expression of Gli1 and Smo is downregulated in depression. BDNF and Wnt signaling are also regulated by various available antidepressants, so there is the possibility that Shh may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. Therefore, the crosstalk between the Shh, Wnt, and BDNF signaling pathways is being discussed to identify the potential targets. Specifically, the potential role of the Shh signaling pathway in depression is explored as a new target for better therapies for depression.