bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of hepatocyte‐like cells from human umbilical cord‐derived mesenchymal stem cells by defined microRNAs
Authors: Zhou Xia , Cui Lina , Zhou Xinmin , Yang Qiong , Wang Lu , Guo Guanya , Hou Yu , Cai Weile , Han Zheyi , Shi Yongquan , Han Ying 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGenerating functional hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is of great urgency for bio‐artificial liver support system (BALSS). Previously, we obtained HLCs from human umbilical cord‐derived MSCs by overexpressing seven microRNAs (HLC‐7) and characterized their liver functions in vitro and in vivo. Here, we aimed to screen out the optimal miRNA candidates for hepatic differentiation. We sequentially removed individual miRNAs from the pool and examined the effect of transfection with remainder using RT‐PCR, periodic acid—Schiff (PAS) staining and low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) uptake assays and by assessing their function in liver injury models. Surprisingly, miR‐30a and miR‐1290 were dispensable for hepatic differentiation. The remaining five miRNAs (miR‐122, miR‐148a, miR‐424, miR‐542‐5p and miR‐1246) are essential for this process, because omitting any one from the five‐miRNA combination prevented hepatic trans‐differentiation. We found that HLCs trans‐differentiated from five microRNAs (HLC‐5) expressed high level of hepatic markers and functioned similar to hepatocytes. Intravenous transplantation of HLC‐5 into nude mice with CCl4‐induced fulminant liver failure and acute liver injury not only improved serum parameters and their liver histology, but also improved survival rate of mice in severe hepatic failure. These data indicated that HLC‐5 functioned similar to HLC‐7 in vitro and in vivo, which have been shown to resemble hepatocytes. Instead of using seven‐miRNA combination, a simplified five‐miRNA combination can be used to obtain functional HLCs in only 7 days. Our study demonstrated an optimized and efficient method for generating functional MSC‐derived HLCs that may serve as an attractive cell alternative for BALSS.
Predicting Follow‐up Outcomes in Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy: The Role of Change in Trust, Relationship‐Specific Attachment, and Emotional Engagement
Authors: Wiebe Stephanie A. , Johnson Susan M. , Burgess Moser Melissa , Dalgleish Tracy L. , Tasca Giorgio A. 
Published: November 2016

Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy (EFT), an evidence‐based couple therapy (Johnson, Hunsley, Greenberg, & Schindler, 1999), strives to foster lasting change through the creation of secure attachment bonds in distressed couples. Although studies have demonstrated lasting change in follow‐up (Wiebe et al., in press), research is needed to investigate predictors of long‐term outcomes. Our goal was to investigate predictors of long‐term outcomes in relationship satisfaction. Relationship satisfaction was assessed across 24 months in a sample of 32 couples who received an average of 21 EFT sessions. Decreases in attachment avoidance were most predictive of higher relationship satisfaction across follow‐up. These findings support the theoretical assumption that EFT helps couples foster lasting change in relationship satisfaction through the facilitation of secure attachment bonds.
Zircon in amphibolites from Naxos, Aegean Sea, Greece: origin, significance and tectonic setting
Authors: Bolhar R. , Ring U. , Ireland T. R. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report U–Pb zircon ages of c. 700–550 Ma, 262–220 Ma, 47–38 Ma and 15–14 Ma from amphibolites on Naxos Island in the Aegean extensional province of Greece. The zircon has complex internal structures. Based on cathodoluminescence response, zoning and crosscutting relationships a minimum of four zircon growth stages are identified: inherited core, magmatic core, inner metamorphic (?) rim and an outer metamorphic rim. Trace element compositions of the amphibolites suggest igneous differentiation and crustal assimilation. Zircon solubility as a function of saturation temperatures, Zr content and melt composition indicates that the zircon did not originally crystallize in the mafic bodies but was inherited from felsic precursor rocks, and subsequently assimilated into the mafic intrusives during emplacement. Zircon inheritance is corroborated by the complex, xenocrystic nature of the zircon in one sample. Ages of c. 700–550 Ma and 262–220 Ma are assigned to inherited zircon. Available geochemical data suggest that the 15–14 Ma metamorphic rims grew in situ in the amphibolites, corresponding to a high‐grade metamorphic event at this time. However, the geochemical data cannot conclusively establish if the c. 40 Ma zircon rims also grew in situ, or whether they were inherited along with the xenocrystic cores. Two scenarios for emplacement of the mafic intrusives are discussed: (i) Intrusion during late‐Triassic to Jurassic ocean basin development of the Aegean realm, in which case the 40 Ma zircon rims would have grown in situ, and (ii) emplacement in the Miocene as a result mafic underplating during large‐scale extension. In this case, only the 15–14 Ma metamorphic outer rims would have formed in situ in the amphibolitic host rocks.
Assessment of cubosomal alpha lipoic acid gel efficacy for the aging face: a single‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, right‐left comparative clinical study
Authors: El‐Komy Mohamed , Shalaby Suzan , Hegazy Rehab , Abdel Hay Rania , Sherif Saly , Bendas Ehab 
Published: November 2016

SummaryBackgroundA poloxamer solution acting as a vehicle for the lipid base particulate system (cubosome dispersions) containing alpha lipoic acid (ALA) has achieved encouraging results in skin aging.ObjectiveEvaluate the efficacy of 5% Cubosomal ALA as an anti‐aging formulation.MethodsThis single‐blinded, placebo‐controlled, comparative study was conducted on 20 females. Patients were instructed to apply a gel formulation containing the active ingredient over the right half of their face and a placebo gel on the left half twice daily for 6 months. Global aesthetic improvement scale (GAIS) was utilized as a measure of clinical progress. The thicknesses of the epidermis and dermis were assessed before and after treatment using an ultrasound biomicroscope.ResultsThe GAIS score assessment at 3 and 6 months showed a significantly greater improvement on the right sides in comparison with the left sides. At the end of the treatment period, the mean epidermal thickness significantly increased on the right side in comparison with the left side and the mean dermal thickness increased more on the right side in comparison with the left side; however, this difference was not significant.Conclusion5% Cubosomal ALA is an effective and safe modality for improving aging face.
Rethinking presence: a grounded theory of nurses and teleconsultation
Authors: Barrett David 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo develop a theory that offered an evidence‐based insight into the use of teleconsultation by nurses.BackgroundTeleconsultation is the use of video to facilitate real‐time, remote interaction between healthcare practitioners and patients. Although its popularity is growing, there is little understanding of how teleconsultation impacts on the role of nurses.DesignThe study adopted a constructivist grounded theory method, supplemented by the use of Straussian analytical approaches.MethodsUsing selective and theoretical approaches, registered nurses with experience of using video in health care were sampled. Data were collected using semi‐structured interviews exploring experiences, knowledge and feelings surrounding teleconsultation. Interviews were recorded, transcribed and subjected to three‐stage, nonlinear manual analysis (open, axial and selective coding).ResultsTheoretical saturation occurred after 17 interviews. The core category identified from the data was ‘nursing presence’ Four subcategories of nursing presence were identified: operational, clinical, therapeutic and social. The degree to which presence could be achieved was dependent upon three influencing factors – enablers, constraints and compensation.ConclusionsNurses provide different types of presence during teleconsultation, with the degree of presence dependent on specific characteristics of video‐mediated communication. Where the use of video constrains the delivery of presence, nurses use a range of compensatory mechanisms to enhance patient care.Relevance to clinical practiceTeleconsultation provides an innovative approach to enhancing the delivery of health care. This study provides nurses with insight into the impact of teleconsultation on their professional role, and an understanding of how best to use video‐mediated communication to support patient care.
Comparison of preoperative hair removal methods for the reduction of surgical site infections: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Shi Dingmei , Yao Yao , Yu Weifei 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo evaluate the efficacy of different methods of preoperative hair removal in reducing surgical site infections.BackgroundSurgical site infections are a major source of morbidity and prolonged hospitalisation following surgery. However, there is a lack of data regarding the impact of different preoperative hair removal techniques on the incidence of surgical site infections.DesignA systematic literature review and meta‐analysis.MethodsRandomised controlled trials and controlled clinical trials reporting the impact of different methods of preoperative hair removal on reducing surgical site infections were collected through databases, including the Cochrane Library, Joanna Briggs Institute Library, PubMed, Elsevier, EMBASE, Nursing Consult, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang data. The articles were published from 1 January 1990–15 March 2016. Meta‐analyses were conducted with review manager version 5.0.ResultsFourteen trials were included (16 comparisons) in the review, including 11 randomised controlled trials and three controlled clinical trials. Interventions in the studies were shaving, clipping, no hair removal and the use of depilatory cream. The meta‐analyses included 7278 patients, from 10 countries. Nine studies compared shaving with no hair removal, four studies compared shaving with clipping, two studies compared shaving with depilatory cream, and one study compared clipping with no hair removal. No significant differences in the frequency of surgical site infections were observed between any of the methods assessed.ConclusionsNo significant differences between shaving, clipping, no hair removal and depilatory cream were observed in the frequency of surgical site infections.Relevance to clinical practicePreoperative hair removal should be avoided unless necessary. When it is necessary to remove hair, the existing evidence suggests that clipping is more effective in reducing surgical site infections than shaving or depilatory cream.
Getting evidence‐based pressure ulcer prevention into practice: a process evaluation of a multifaceted intervention in a hospital setting
Authors: Sving Eva , Fredriksson Lennart , Gunningberg Lena , Mamhidir Anna‐Greta 
Published: November 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe registered nurses’, assistant nurses’ and first‐line managers’ experiences and perceptions of a multifaceted hospital setting intervention focused on implementing evidence‐based pressure ulcer prevention.BackgroundPressure ulcer prevention is deficient. Different models exist to support implementation of evidence‐based care. Little is known about implementation processes.DesignA descriptive qualitative approach.MethodFive focus‐group nurse interviews and five individual first‐line manager interviews were conducted at five Swedish hospital units. Qualitative content analysis was used.ResultThe findings support that the intervention and the implementation process changed the understanding and way of working with pressure ulcer prevention: from treating to preventing. This became possible as ‘Changed understanding enables changed actions – through one's own performance and reflection on pressure ulcer prevention’. Having a common outlook on pressure ulcer prevention, easy access to pressure‐reducing equipment, and external and internal facilitator support were described as important factors for changed practices. Bedside support, feedback and discussions on current results increased the awareness of needed improvements.ConclusionThe multifaceted intervention approach and the participants’ positive attitudes seemed to be crucial for changing understanding and working more preventatively. The strategies used and the skills of the facilitators need to be tailored to the problems surrounding the context. Feedback discussions among the staff regarding the results of the care provided also appear to be vital.Relevance to clinical practiceIt is crucial that dedicated facilitators are involved to promote the implementation process. A preventative mindset should be strived for. Creating an implementation plan with an outcome and a process evaluation should be emphasised. It is important to give the staff regular feedback on the quality of care and on those occasions allocate time for discussion and reflection.
Effect of HIV infection in the micronuclei frequency on the oral mucosa
Authors: Lima Celina Faig , Alves Monica Ghislaine Oliveira , Furtado Juvencio Jose Duailibe , Marcucci Marcelo , Balducci Ivan , Almeida Janete Dias 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe genotoxic impact of HIV infection on the oral cavity malignancies is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HIV infection in micronucleus (MN) frequency on the oral mucosa of HIV+ patients and establish a relationship with early cytogenetic changes in oral carcinogenesis.MethodsThirty HIV+ individuals who are under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and 30 non‐HIV patients were evaluated. Two smears were taken from the lateral border of the tongue and mouth floor and stained by Feulgen. The frequency of MN was examined in 3000 cells per subject under common microscopy.ResultsMN analysis showed no significant difference between groups by Mann–Whitney U‐test for total MNs (P = 0.178). The presence of single MN was greater in control group with statistical significance (P = 0.009), while in HIV group, multiple MNs were exhibited in higher mean.ConclusionsHIV patients under HAART therapy and low viral load values showed higher frequency of multiple MNs, which, although not statistically significant, may be caused by the action of the Vpr gene, an accessory gene of HIV. These results corroborate the theory of HIV infection cytogenetic damage.
The genetic architecture of novel trophic specialists: larger effect sizes are associated with exceptional oral jaw diversification in a pupfish adaptive radiation
Authors: Martin Christopher H. , Erickson Priscilla A. , Miller Craig T. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe genetic architecture of adaptation is fundamental to understanding the mechanisms and constraints governing diversification. However, most case studies focus on loss of complex traits or parallel speciation in similar environments. It is still unclear how the genetic architecture of these local adaptive processes compares to the architecture of evolutionary transitions contributing to morphological and ecological novelty. Here, we identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) between two trophic specialists in an excellent case study for examining the origins of ecological novelty: a sympatric radiation of pupfishes endemic to San Salvador Island, Bahamas, containing a large‐jawed scale‐eater and a short‐jawed molluscivore with a skeletal nasal protrusion. These specialized niches and trophic traits are unique among over 2000 related species. Measurements of the fitness landscape on San Salvador demonstrate multiple fitness peaks and a larger fitness valley isolating the scale‐eater from the putative ancestral intermediate phenotype of the generalist, suggesting that more large‐effect QTL should contribute to its unique phenotype. We evaluated this prediction using an F2 intercross between these specialists. We present the first linkage map for pupfishes and detect significant QTL for sex and eight skeletal traits. Large‐effect QTL contributed more to enlarged scale‐eater jaws than the molluscivore nasal protrusion, consistent with predictions from the adaptive landscape. The microevolutionary genetic architecture of large‐effect QTL for oral jaws parallels the exceptional diversification rates of oral jaws within the San Salvador radiation observed over macroevolutionary timescales and may have facilitated exceptional trophic novelty in this system.
The show must go on? Patients, props and pedagogy in the theatre of the OSCE
Authors: Gormley Gerard J , Hodges Brian D , McNaughton Nancy , Johnston Jennifer L 
Published: November 2016

Abstract According to Shakespeare, all the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players. The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE), that most ubiquitous form of assessment in health professions education, offers us a particular instance of this maxim. Comprising at first glance a world of psychometric data, detailed checklists and global rating scales, the OSCE sets out to facilitate the assessment of a candidate's competence in a highly standardised and objective fashion. Despite this clear intention, OSCEs also offer a rich vein of (often unacknowledged) social and cultural processes. In this commentary, we draw on Goffman's dramaturgy metaphor and our experiences to undertake a wry examination of some of the least intended consequences of OSCEs. We take a satirical look at both the potential impact on patients and the pedagogical implications of this form of assessment. We now urge you to sit back, settle in and enjoy the show, as we raise the curtain on this one‐night‐only performance!
Developing a pragmatic medical curriculum for the 21st century
Authors: Evans Nicholas R , Warne Ben , Wood Diana F 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMedical education within a hospital setting presents both opportunities and challenges. The range of educational experiences on offer is often vast, though may be lost in the overworked and convoluted environment of a tertiary centre. As our learners are increasingly consumed by the literal and figurative labyrinths of hospitals and electronic learning logs, are we failing to train them in the skills they need to deliver 21st century health care? In response to this problem we propose a FARCICAL approach: Fostering A Relevant Curriculum that Is Closer to Actual Life.
Cosmologies of selection: lessons from the faculty biscuit tin
Authors: Bartlett Maggie , Bartlett Flora 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe conducted an ethnography of the faculty biscuit tin as we were interested in the lived experience of the biscuits contained within it. We used a constructivist epistemology, a social constructionist interpretive framework and a phenomenological methodology that included analysis from the perspectives of deixis and cosmology. The biscuits perceived that they were important to a selecting force and that the characteristics of one particular group had a specific value to the selector. Some enduring benefits may derive from the selection of this group, although its attractions were less immediately obvious than those of others. What is immediately attractive may not be the most fit for purpose; lessons for the selection of medical students may arise from this exploration of the selection experiences of biscuits in a faculty biscuit tin.
From the coliseum to the convention centre: a reflection on the current state of medical education conferences and conference‐goers
Authors: Blanchard Rebecca D , Engle Deborah L , Howley Lisa D , Whicker Shari A , Nagler Alisa 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe advancement of knowledge and development of policy in the field of medical education require critical academic discourse among the most intelligent medical educators; and critical academic discourse requires coffee. In this essay, we reflect on the state of professional development conferences in the field of medical education and the rituals that surround their success. Having begun in ancient Greece, symposia were ripe with debauchery. Today, sedated by the light brown walls of hotel conference centres, symposia are more serious endeavours, engaging men and women in the sometimes turbulent waters of epistemological debate. The abstract submission process (summed up by: ‘Yay! It was accepted for presentation’ [Deep breath] ‘Oh no…it was accepted for presentation’), the ‘juggling act’ of parent attendees, the acting prowess of abstract presenters and the unapologetic approach to buffet eating are all by‐products of the collision of true intellects among medical education scholars. We hold these rituals in high regard and argue that they are required to advance the field of medical education. These rituals bind the walls supporting true progressive thought and innovative research, all fuelled by the glass of wine purchased with that one coveted drink ticket.
Six degrees of separation: the small world of medical education
Authors: Hautz Wolf E , Krummrey Gert , Exadaktylos Aristomenis , Hautz Stefanie C 
Published: November 2016

ContextConventional wisdom has it that everyone on earth is on average only six steps away from knowing any other person through ‘a friend of a friend’. On a local level, however, many people experience that most of their acquaintances know each other. It is thus hard to imagine how such a highly clustered group could be so well connected to the rest of the world. In this paper, we investigate how co‐authorship connects scholars in medical education and whether the six degrees of separation hypothesis also applies to the network of authors in the field.MethodsWe constructed a mathematical graph from publication data obtained on the top three journals in the field and analysed it using social network analysis methods. We found Lorelei Lingard to be one centre of the network of co‐authors and determined the numbers of authors who were one, two or more steps away from her. We further created a website that makes it possible to identify the shortest path from any author in the field to any other, including links to the connecting papers.ResultsThe analysis covered 16 653 papers by a total of 24 258 different authors. Co‐authorship connected authors into 68 663 unique pairs, of which 61 937 had co‐authored only one article; 67.43% of all authors were linked to each other through a ‘co‐author of a co‐author’. The average shortest path between any two authors in this network was 5.98 (min 1, max 17); the average distance to Lorelei Lingard was 4.17 (min 1, max 10).ConclusionThe field of medical education represents what social network analysts term ‘a small world network’. Making the connections between its actors visible may provide a new perspective on social phenomena that occur in this world, including peer review, citation and conference invitations.