bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Concept of the “New Soviet Man” and Its Short History
Authors: Soboleva Maja 
Published: February 2017

The concept of the New Soviet Man remains a topic of on-going scholarly interest for a number of reasons: it reflects a vital part of Russian history, it remains associated with positive and negative connotations that still need to be explored, and it functions as a crossroads for different scholarly perspectives. It remains a topic of interest also because there are still a number of unexplored questions about the concept from the perspective of the history of ideas and philosophy. This article focuses on the reconstruction of the ethical concept of a New Soviet Man over time. It argues that there were three periods in the history of this concept: The first period – between the 1900s and 1930s – can be called the period of theoretical reflection on the nature of a New Man. The second period – from the 1930s to the 1950s – can be characterized as the period of the development of norms of Soviet morality. The third period – since the 1960s – is marked by the transition of ethical thought from the ideology propagating socialist morality to moral theory and Marxist scientific ethics. This article argues that the process of forming a new type of man was not a continuous and unilineal process of change throughout the entire period of socialism. On the contrary, this dramatic process can be successfully analyzed with the help of the ethical concept of the New Soviet Man.
Assessing Continuous Operator Workload With a Hybrid Scaffolded Neuroergonomic Modeling Approach
Authors: Borghetti Brett J. , Giametta Joseph J. , Rusnock Christina F. 
Published: February 2017

Objective: We aimed to predict operator workload from neurological data using statistical learning methods to fit neurological-to-state-assessment models. Background: Adaptive systems require real-time mental workload assessment to perform dynamic task allocations or operator augmentation as workload issues arise. Neuroergonomic measures have great potential for informing adaptive systems, and we combine these measures with models of task demand as well as information about critical events and performance to clarify the inherent ambiguity of interpretation. Method: We use machine learning algorithms on electroencephalogram (EEG) input to infer operator workload based upon Improved Performance Research Integration Tool workload model estimates. Results: Cross-participant models predict workload of other participants, statistically distinguishing between 62% of the workload changes. Machine learning models trained from Monte Carlo resampled workload profiles can be used in place of deterministic workload profiles for cross-participant modeling without incurring a significant decrease in machine learning model performance, suggesting that stochastic models can be used when limited training data are available. Conclusion: We employed a novel temporary scaffold of simulation-generated workload profile truth data during the model-fitting process. A continuous workload profile serves as the target to train our statistical machine learning models. Once trained, the workload profile scaffolding is removed and the trained model is used directly on neurophysiological data in future operator state assessments. Application: These modeling techniques demonstrate how to use neuroergonomic methods to develop operator state assessments, which can be employed in adaptive systems.
Prefrontal Hemodynamics of Physical Activity and Environmental Complexity During Cognitive Work
Authors: McKendrick Ryan , Mehta Ranjana , Ayaz Hasan , Scheldrup Melissa , Parasuraman Raja 
Published: February 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess performance and cognitive states during cognitive work in the presence of physical work and in natural settings. Background: Authors of previous studies have examined the interaction between cognitive and physical work, finding performance decrements in working memory. Neuroimaging has revealed increases and decreases in prefrontal oxygenated hemoglobin during the interaction of cognitive and physical work. The effect of environment on cognitive-physical dual tasking has not been previously considered. Method: Thirteen participants were monitored with wireless functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as they performed an auditory 1-back task while sitting, walking indoors, and walking outdoors. Results: Relative to sitting and walking indoors, auditory working memory performance declined when participants were walking outdoors. Sitting during the auditory 1-back task increased oxygenated hemoglobin and decreased deoxygenated hemoglobin in bilateral prefrontal cortex. Walking reduced the total hemoglobin available to bilateral prefrontal cortex. An increase in environmental complexity reduced oxygenated hemoglobin and increased deoxygenated hemoglobin in bilateral prefrontal cortex. Conclusion: Wireless fNIRS is capable of monitoring cognitive states in naturalistic environments. Selective attention and physical work compete with executive processing. During executive processing loading of selective attention and physical work results in deactivation of bilateral prefrontal cortex and degraded working memory performance, indicating that physical work and concomitant selective attention may supersede executive processing in the distribution of mental resources. Application: This research informs decision-making procedures in work where working memory, physical activity, and attention interact. Where working memory is paramount, precautions should be taken to eliminate competition from physical work and selective attention.
Outcomes of Upper Airway Stimulation for Obstructive Sleep Apnea in a Multicenter German Postmarket Study
Authors: Heiser Clemens , Maurer Joachim T. , Hofauer Benedikt , Sommer J. Ulrich , Seitz Annemarie , Steffen Armin 
Published: February 2017

ObjectiveSelective stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve is a new surgical therapy for obstructive sleep apnea, with proven efficacy in well‐designed clinical trials. The aim of the study is to obtain additional safety and efficacy data on the use of selective upper airway stimulation during daily clinical routine.Study DesignProspective single‐arm study.SettingThree tertiary hospitals in Germany (Munich, Mannheim, Lübeck).Subjects and MethodsA multicenter prospective single‐arm study under a common implant and follow‐up protocol took place in 3 German centers (Mannheim, Munich, Lübeck). Every patient who received an implant of selective upper airway stimulation was included in this trial (apnea‐hypopnea index ≥15/h and ≤65/h and body mass index <35 kg/m2). Before and 6 months after surgery, a 2‐night home sleep test was performed. Data regarding the safety and efficacy were collected.ResultsFrom July 2014 through October 2015, 60 patients were included. Every subject reported improvement in sleep and daytime symptoms. The average usage time of the system was 42.9 ± 11.9 h/wk. The median apnea‐hypopnea index was significantly reduced at 6 months from 28.6/h to 8.3/h. No patient required surgical revision of the implanted system.ConclusionSelective upper airway stimulation is a safe and effective therapy for patients with obstructive sleep apnea and represents a powerful option for its surgical treatment.
Noninvasive Ventilation in Patients With Hematologic Malignancy: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Liu Jiajia , Bell Conor , Campbell Vagia , DeBacker Julian , Tamberg Erik , Lee Christie , Mehta Sangeeta 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) is commonly used as first-line therapy for immunocompromised patients with acute respiratory failure. However, it may not be appropriate for all patients, as failure of NIV and delayed endotracheal intubation (ETI) may increase mortality. We report our center’s experience and outcomes for patients with active hematologic malignancy (HM) treated with NIV. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of consecutive patients with HM who were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Mount Sinai Hospital for acute respiratory failure between January 1, 2010, and May 31, 2015, and were initially treated with NIV. We compared the characteristics of patients who were successfully treated with NIV and avoided intubation and those who failed NIV. Results: Seventy-nine patients (mean age 56 ± 14 years, mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score 27 ± 5) with HM were treated with NIV for acute respiratory failure. The etiology of respiratory failure was multifactorial in 31 (39%) patients, with features of pneumonia in 61 (77%) patients, severe sepsis or septic shock in 33 (42%) patients, and pulmonary edema in 24 (30%) patients. The majority of patients were admitted with acute leukemia (n = 60, 76%), 8 (10%) with lymphoma, and 11 (14%) with chronic leukemia, multiple myeloma, or myelodysplastic syndrome. Of the 79 patients treated with NIV, 44 (56%) failed NIV and required ETI, 7 (9%) had a do-not-intubate (DNI) order and died, and 28 (35%) avoided ETI. Compared with patients who avoided ETI, those who failed NIV or had a DNI order and died were more likely to have acute leukemia (84% vs 61%; P = .02) and at baseline had higher Paco2 (39 vs 30; P = .038), higher fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio2) requirements (0.6 vs 0.4; P = .002), and more vasopressor use (31% vs 11%; P = .059). The ICU mortality was 42%; 3-month mortality was 57% overall and was significantly lower in the NIV success patients compared with the NIV failure group (21% vs 74%; P < .001). Conclusion: Two-thirds of patients with HM and respiratory failure failed NIV and required ETI, and had high subsequent mortality. Patients who failed NIV had higher Paco2, higher Fio2, and a trend toward more vasopressor use.
The immunomodulatory potential of Leonurus cardiaca extract in relation to endothelial cells and platelets
Authors: Sadowska Beata , Micota Bartłomiej , Różalski Marek , Redzynia Małgorzata , Różalski Marcin 
Published: February 2017

The immunomodulatory activity of Leonurus cardiaca L. polyphenol-rich extract (LCE) was tested in vitro on HUVECs to explore its potential therapeutic usefulness in the treatment of inflammatory lesions. The phytochemical composition of LCE, its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity, and the influence of LCE on NO and platelet-activating factor (PAF) secretion by HUVECs and platelet aggregation were all assessed. Total polyphenol contents in LCE reached 137.0 ± 0.8 mg/g, with hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives as the predominant phenolic compounds. LCE expressed antioxidant capacity, which was, however, 13- to 16-fold lower than the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid. The plant extract was not cytotoxic up to a concentration 4500 µg/ml and did not exhibit proapoptotic activity. LCE significantly increased NO production in HUVECs in a concentration-dependent manner and led to the inhibition of PAF secretion induced by staphylococcal peptidoglycan. The extract used at the concentration of 100 µg/ml significantly reduced platelet aggregation in the presence of arachidonic acid. We provide in vitro data demonstrating the immunomodulatory potential of LCE, which may be beneficial in preventing the development of difficult-to-treat inflammatory lesions within chronically infected tissues.
PD-1 modulates regulatory T-cell homeostasis during low-dose interleukin-2 therapy
Authors: Asano Takeru , Meguri Yusuke , Yoshioka Takanori , Kishi Yuriko , Iwamoto Miki , Nakamura Makoto , Sando Yasuhisa , Yagita Hideo , Koreth John , Kim Haesook T. , Alyea Edwin P. , Armand Philippe , Cutler Corey S. , Ho Vincent T. , Antin Joseph H. , Soiffer Robert J. , Maeda Yoshinobu , Tanimoto Mitsune , Ritz Jerome , Matsuoka Ken-ichi 
Published: February 2017

Key Points
IL-2 induces expression of PD-1 on Tregs, and PD-1 blockade promotes Treg differentiation and apoptosis. PD-1 regulates IL-2–induced Treg proliferation and prolongs Treg survival in murine models and in patients receiving low-dose IL-2 therapy.
Neutrophils acquire the capacity for antigen presentation to memory CD4+ T cells in vitro and ex vivo
Authors: Vono Maria , Lin Ang , Norrby-Teglund Anna , Koup Richard A. , Liang Frank , Loré Karin 
Published: February 2017

Key PointsNeutrophils can present cognate antigens to antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells. MHC-II and costimulatory molecules are induced on neutrophils in the presence of antigen and antigen-specific memory CD4+ T cells.
An enhanced security framework for home appliances in smart home
Authors: Kang Won Min , Moon Seo Yeon , Park Jong Hyuk 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSince the end of 2000, smartphones have explosively spread and have made people’s lives plentiful. With the start of smartphones, new smart devices, including tablet PCs, smart TVs, smart refrigerators, and smart air conditioners, have emerged, expanding their areas from individuals to business and home. These days, smart home service has drawn a lot of attention as a human-centric service. It is the environment where home appliances and other smart devices are connected to internet in order for user service and experience. The current smart home service is simply based on wireless home network to execute the function of connected home. The service has no smart home security so that it is possible for users to suffer a financial loss caused by information leakage or home appliance hacking. Therefore, to apply smart home service to surroundings, it is necessary to take into account security of smart devices. In this paper, we propose an enhanced security framework for smart devices in a smart home environment. The security framework provides the integrity system using the self-signing and access control techniques for preventing the security threats such as data modification, leakage and code fabrication.
Δ40p53α suppresses tumor cell proliferation and induces cellular senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma cells
Authors: Ota Akinobu , Nakao Haruhisa , Sawada Yumi , Karnan Sivasundaram , Wahiduzzaman Md , Inoue Tadahisa , Kobayashi Yuji , Yamamoto Takaya , Ishii Norimitsu , Ohashi Tomohiko , Nakade Yukiomi , Sato Ken , Itoh Kiyoaki , Konishi Hiroyuki , Hosokawa Yoshitaka , Yoneda Masashi 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT
Splice variants of certain genes impact on genetic biodiversity in mammals. The tumor suppressor TP53 gene (encoding p53) plays an important role in the regulation of tumorigenesis in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Δ40p53α is a naturally occurring p53 isoform that lacks the N-terminal transactivation domain, yet little is known about the role of Δ40p53α in the development of HCC. Here, we first report on the role of Δ40p53α in HCC cell lines. In the TP53+/Δ40 cell clones, clonogenic activity and cell survival dramatically decreased, whereas the percentage of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal)-positive cells and p21 (also known as WAF1, CIP1 and CDKN1A) expression significantly increased. These observations were clearly attenuated in the TP53+/Δ40 cell clones after Δ40p53α knockdown. In addition, exogenous Δ40p53 expression significantly suppressed cell growth in HCC cells with wild-type TP53, and in those that were mutant or null for TP53. Notably, Δ40p53α-induced tumor suppressor activity was markedly attenuated in cells expressing the hot-spot mutant Δ40p53α-R175H, which lacks the transcription factor activity of p53. Moreover, Δ40p53α expression was associated with increased full-length p53 protein expression. These findings enhance the understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HCC and show that Δ40p53α acts as an important tumor suppressor in HCC cells.
The impact of lifestyle risk factors on the rate of infection after surgery for a fracture of the ankle
Authors: Olsen L. L. , Møller A. M. , Brorson S. , Hasselager R. B. , Sort R. 
Published: February 2017

Aims Lifestyle risk factors are thought to increase the risk of infection after acute orthopaedic surgery but the evidence is scarce. We aimed to investigate whether smoking, obesity and alcohol overuse are risk factors for the development of infections after surgery for a fracture of the ankle. Patients and Methods We retrospectively reviewed all patients who underwent internal fixation of a fracture of the ankle between 2008 and 2013. The primary outcome was the rate of deep infection and the secondary outcome was any surgical site infection (SSI). Associations with the risk factors and possible confounding variables were analysed univariably and multivariably with backwards elimination. Results A total of 1043 patients were included; 64 (6.1%) had a deep infection and 146 (14.0%) had SSI. Obesity was strongly associated with both outcomes (odds ratio (OR) 2.21, p = 0.017 and OR 1.68, p = 0.032) in all analyses. Alcohol overuse was similarly associated, though significant only in unadjusted analyses. Surprisingly, smoking did not yield statistically significant associations with infections. Conclusion These findings suggest that obesity and possibly alcohol overuse are independent risk factors for the development of infection following surgery for a fracture of the ankle. This large study brings new evidence concerning these common risk factors; although prospective studies are needed to confirm causality. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:225–30.
Hemiarthroplasty or total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of a displaced intracapsular fracture in active elderly patients
Authors: Tol M. C. J. M. , van den Bekerom M. P. J. , Sierevelt I. N. , Hilverdink E. F. , Raaymakers E. L. F. B. , Goslings J. C. 
Published: February 2017

Aims Our aim was to analyse the long-term functional outcome of two forms of surgical treatment for active patients aged > 70 years with a displaced intracapsular fracture of the femoral neck. Patients were randomised to be treated with either a hemiarthroplasty or a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The outcome five years post-operatively for this cohort has previously been reported. We present the outcome at 12 years post-operatively. Patients and Methods Initially 252 patients with a mean age of 81.1 years (70.2 to 95.6) were included, of whom 205 (81%) were women. A total of 137 were treated with a cemented hemiarthroplasty and 115 with a cemented THA. At long-term follow-up we analysed the modified Harris Hip Score (HHS), post-operative complications and intra-operative data of the patients who were still alive. Results At a mean follow-up of 12 years (8.23 to 16.17, standard deviation 2.24), 50 patients (20%), 32 in the hemiarthroplasty group and 18 in the THA group, were still alive, of which 47 (94%) were women. There were no significant differences in the mean modified HHS (p = 0.85), mortality (p = 0.13), complications (p = 0.93) or rate of revision surgery (p = 1.0) between the two groups. Conclusion In the treatment of active elderly patients with an intracapsular fracture of the hip there is no difference in the functional outcome between hemiarthroplasty and THA treatments at 12 years post-operatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B:250–4.
The gap phenomenon in parabolic geometries
Authors: Kruglikov Boris , The Dennis 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The infinitesimal symmetry algebra of any Cartan geometry has maximum dimension realized by the flat model, but often this dimension drops significantly when considering non-flat geometries, so a gap phenomenon arises. For general (regular, normal) parabolic geometries of type

(
G
,
P
)

${(G,P)}$

, we use Tanaka theory to derive a universal upper bound on the submaximal symmetry dimension. We use Kostant’s version of the Bott–Borel–Weil Theorem to show that this bound is in fact sharp in almost all complex and split-real cases by exhibiting (abstract) models. We explicitly compute all submaximal symmetry dimensions when G is any complex or split-real simple Lie group.
On orientation memory in high density polyethylene – carbon nanofibers composites
Authors: Chipara Mircea , Jones Brian , Chipara Dorina M. , Li Jianhua , Lozano Karen , Valloppilly Shah , Sellmyer David 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAn orientation memory effect in high density polyethylene (HDPE) filled with vapor grown carbon nanofibers (VGCNF) is reported. Two-dimensional X-ray (2DXR) confirmed the reorientation of HDPE crystallites upon the uniaxial stretching of HDPE and HDPE filled by VGCNFs. This anisotropy of 2DXR spectra was decreased by heating all stretched samples (loaded or not loaded by VGCNFs) from room to the melting temperature of HDPE. Upon cooling these samples to room temperature, it was noticed that only the nanocomposite retained a weak partial (uniaxial) order, while HDPE showed a completely isotropic 2DXR spectrum. It was concluded that during the stretching of nanocomposites the crystallites and VGCNFs were aligned along the uniaxial stress. Upon heating, the crystalline phase was melted, while the orientation of the VGCNFs was not significantly disturbed. The recrystallization of the polymer started preferentially from the VGCNF – polymer interphase, resulting into an anisotropic crystalline structure.
Helminth parasites of the levantine frog (Pelophylax bedriagae Camerano, 1882) from the western part of Turkey
Authors: Demır S. , Yakar O. , Yildirimhan H. S. , Bırlık S. 
Published: February 2017

Summary
Fifty-four Pelophylax bedriagae (Levantine Frog) from Turkey (İzmir and Manisa Provinces) were examined for helminth parasites. The frogs were collected between 2012 and 2014 years. Eight species of helminth parasites were recorded: 3 species of Nematoda (Rhabdias bufonis, Cosmocerca ornata, Oswaldocruzia filiformis), 3 species of Digenea (Diplodiscus subclavatus, Haematoloechus bre-viansa, Gorgoderina vitelliloba), 1 species of Acanthocephala (Acanthocephalus ranae) and 1 species of Hirudinea (Hirudo medicinalis). Pelophylax bedriagae is a new host record for these parasite species.
Nonlinear Vibration Behaviors of Composite Laminated Plates with Time-Dependent Base Excitation and Boundary Conditions
Authors: Chai Yu-Yang , Li Feng-Ming , Song Zhi-Guang 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The nonlinear vibrations of composite laminated plates with time-dependent base excitation and boundary conditions are investigated. According to the von Kármán nonlinear plate theory, the dynamic equations of motion of the laminated plates are established. The nonlinear partial differential equations are transformed to the nonlinear ordinary differential ones using the Bubnov-Galerkin’s  method. The primary resonance and the primary parametric resonance of the laminated plate with time-dependent boundary conditions are investigated by means of the method of multiple scales. The validity of the present theoretical method is verified by comparing the amplitude–frequency relationship curves acquired from the present theoretical method with those calculated from the numerical simulation. The amplitude–frequency characteristic curves and the displacement time histories for different ply angles of the composite laminated plate are analyzed. The effects of the viscous damping factor and the transverse displacement excitation on the amplitude–frequency relationship curves are also studied. The present results are helpful for the nonlinear dynamical analysis and design of the composite laminated plate with time-dependent boundary conditions.
The “Lessons Learned” Trap and How to Avoid It: Drawing from the Israeli Armoured Experience, 1948–1973
Authors: O’Connell Damien 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The following essay explores some of the problems with “lessons learned.” It offers a few tentative observations on the limitations and dangers of lessons. To illustrate these (but not necessarily prove them), it then looks at the experiences of the Israel Defence Forces, particularly its armoured forces, from 1948 to 1973. Finally, three recommendations discuss how military organizations might reduce the danger of lessons leading them astray.