bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy, nutritional value and cell wall chemical analysis of foliage leaves of Guadua chacoensis (Poaceae, Bambusoideae, Bambuseae), a promising source of forage
Authors: Panizzo Cecilia C , Fernández Paula V , Colombatto Darío , Ciancia Marina , Vega Andrea S 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe present study combines morphological and anatomical studies, cell wall chemical composition analysis, as well as assessment of the nutritional value of Guadua chacoensis foliage leaves.RESULTSFoliage leaves of G. chacoensis are a promising source of forage because: (a) as a native woody bamboo, it is adapted to and helps maintain environmental conditions in America; (b) leaf anatomical studies exhibit discontinuous sclerenchyma, scarcely developed, while pilose indumentum, silica cells, prickles and hooks are also scarce; (c) it has a high protein content, similar to that of Medicago sativa, while other nutritional parameters are similar to those of common forages; and (d) glucuronoarabinoxylan, the major extracted polysaccharide, has one‐third of the 4‐linked β‐d‐xylopyranosyl units of the backbone substituted mainly with α‐l‐arabinofuranose as single stubs or non‐reducing end of short chains, but also 5‐linked α‐l‐arabinofuranose units, terminal β‐d‐xylopyranose and d‐galactopyranose units, as well as α‐d‐glucuronic acid residues and small amounts of its 4‐O‐methylated derivative.CONCLUSIONThese results constitute the first report on this species, and as culms are utilized in constructions and crafts, the remaining leaves, when used as forage, constitute a byproduct that allows an additional income opportunity. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Randomized controlled trial of a bioabsorbable steroid‐releasing implant in the frontal sinus opening
Authors: Smith Timothy L. , Singh Ameet , Luong Amber , Ow Randall A. , Shotts Steven D. , Sautter Nathan B. , Han Joseph K. , Stambaugh James , Raman Aarthi 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo assess safety and efficacy of a steroid‐releasing implant in improving surgical outcomes when placed in the frontal sinus opening (FSO) following endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Study DesignProspective, multicenter, randomized, blinded trial using an intrapatient control design.MethodsEighty adult (≥ 18 years) CRS patients who underwent successful bilateral frontal sinusotomy were randomized to receive a steroid‐releasing implant in one FSO, whereas the contralateral control side received no implant. All patients received standard postoperative care. Endoscopic evaluations recorded at 30‐days postendoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) were graded real time by clinical investigators and by an independent, blinded sinus surgeon to assess the need for postoperative interventions in the FSO.ResultsImplants were successfully placed in all 80 frontal sinuses, resulting in 100% implant delivery success. At 30‐days post‐ESS, steroid‐releasing implants provided a statistically significant (P = 0.0070) reduction in the need for postoperative interventions compared to surgery alone by an independent reviewer, representing 38% relative reduction. Clinical investigators reported statistically significant reduction in this measure at 30 days (P < 0.0001) and 90 days (P = 0.0129). Clinical investigators also reported a 55.6% reduction in the need for oral steroid interventions (P = 0.0015), 75% reduction in the need for surgical interventions (P = 0.0225), 16.7% reduction in inflammation score, 54.3% reduction in restenosis rate (P = 0.0002), and 32.2% greater diameter of FSO (P < 0.0001) on treated sides compared to control at 30 days. No implant‐related adverse events were reported.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the efficacy of steroid‐releasing implants in improving outcomes of frontal sinus surgery.Level of Evidence1b. Laryngoscope, 126:2659–2664, 2016
Rotational thyrotracheopexy after cricoidectomy for low‐grade laryngeal chrondrosarcoma
Authors: Rovó László , Bach Ádám , Sztanó Balázs , Matievics Vera , Szegesdi Ilona , Castellanos Paul F. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectivesThe complex laryngeal functions are fundamentally defined by the cricoid cartilage. Thus, lesions requiring subtotal or total resection of the cricoid cartilage commonly warrant total laryngectomy. However, from an oncological perspective, the resection of the cricoid cartilage would be an optimal solution in these cases. The poor functional results of the few reported cases of total and subtotal cricoidectomy with different reconstruction techniques confirm the need for new approaches to reconstruct the infrastructure of the larynx post cricoidectomy.Study DesignRetrospective case series review.MethodsFour consecutive patients with low‐grade chondrosarcoma were treated by cricoidectomy with rotational thyrotracheopexy reconstruction to enable the functional creation of a complete cartilaginous ring that can substitute the functions of the cricoid cartilage. The glottic structures were stabilized with endoscopic arytenoid abduction lateropexy. Patients were evaluated with objective and subjective function tests.ResultsTumor‐free margins were proven; patients were successfully decannulated within 3 weeks. Voice outcomes were adequate for social conversation in all cases. Oral feeding was possible in three patients.ConclusionTotal and subtotal cricoidectomy can be a surgical option to avoid total laryngectomy in cases of large chondrosarcomas destroying the cricoid cartilage. The thyrotracheopexy rotational advancement technique enables the effective reconstruction of the structural deficit of the resected cricoid cartilage in cases of total and subtotal cricoidectomy. An adequate airway for breathing, swallowing, and voice production can be reconstructed with good oncological control. In cases where the pharynx is not involved, good swallowing function can also be achieved.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 127:1109–1115, 2017
Systematic Analysis of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Response to RET Gatekeeper Mutations in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Meng Shu , Wu Hongyan , Wang Jing , Qiu Qiyuan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe proto‐oncogene protein RET is a receptor tyrosine kinase that plays an important role in the development and progress of various human cancers. Currently, targeting RET with small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has been established as promising therapeutic strategy for thyroid carcinoma (TC). However, two gatekeeper mutations V804M and V804L in RET kinase domain have been frequently observed to cause drug resistance during the targeted therapy, largely limiting the application of reversible TKIs in TC. Here, we described an integrative protocol that combined literature curation, computational analysis, and in vitro kinase assay to systematically investigate the response profile of 9 approved RET TKIs to the two clinical RET gatekeeper mutations. It was revealed that the two mutations exhibit a similar energetic behavior to influence TKI binding, which can moderately decrease competitive inhibitor affinity and modestly increase substrate ATP affinity simultaneously. However, the binding potency of few second‐generation kinase inhibitors such as Ponatinib and Alectinib can be improved to overcome the increased ATP affinity, thus restoring their inhibitory activity against the kinase mutants. Subsequently, the established protocol was employed to investigate the response profile of 4 commercially available RET TKIs that are under preclinical or clinical development. Three out of the four TKIs were found to become resistant upon the mutations due to steric hindrance effect introduced by the mutated residues, while the remaining one was moderately sensitized by the mutations since the mutated residues can form additional hydrophobic and van der Waals interactions with the inhibitor.
Metabolomics reveals differences between three daidzein metabolizing phenotypes in adults with cardiometabolic risk factors
Authors: Reverri Elizabeth J. , Slupsky Carolyn M. , Mishchuk Darya O. , Steinberg Francene M. 
Published: July 2016

ScopeThe soy isoflavone, daidzein, is metabolized by gut microbiota to O‐desmethylangolensin (ODMA) and/or equol. Producing equol is postulated as a contributing factor for the beneficial effects of soy.Methods and resultsThis randomized, controlled, cross‐over design used an untargeted metabolomic approach to assess the metabolic profile of different daidzein metabolizers. Adults (n = 17) with cardiometabolic risk factors received soy nuts or control food for 4 weeks, separated by a 2‐week washout. No significant differences were detected pre‐ and postintervention and between interventions. Examination of the ability to metabolize daidzein revealed three groups: ODMA only producers (n = 4), equol + ODMA producers (n = 8), and nonproducers (n = 5). Analysis of the serum metabolome revealed nonproducers could be distinguished from ODMA‐only and equol + ODMA producers. Differences between these phenotypes were related to obesity and metabolic risk (methionine, asparagine, and trimethylamine) with equol + ODMA producers having lower concentrations, yet paradoxically higher pro‐inflammatory cytokines. In urine, nonproducers clustered with ODMA producers and were distinct from equol + ODMA producers. Urinary metabolite profiles revealed significantly higher excretion of fumarate and 2‐oxoglutarate, as well as pyroglutamate, alanine, and the gut microbial metabolite dimethylamine in equol + ODMA producers.ConclusionThese results emphasize that the serum and urine metabolomes are distinct based on the ability to metabolize isoflavones.
Super‐resolution T1 estimation: Quantitative high resolution T1 mapping from a set of low resolution T1‐weighted images with different slice orientations
Authors: Van Steenkiste Gwendolyn , Poot Dirk H. J. , Jeurissen Ben , den Dekker Arnold J. , Vanhevel Floris , Parizel Paul M. , Sijbers Jan 
Published: July 2016

PurposeQuantitative T1 mapping is a magnetic resonance imaging technique that estimates the spin‐lattice relaxation time of tissues. Even though T1 mapping has a broad range of potential applications, it is not routinely used in clinical practice as accurate and precise high resolution T1 mapping requires infeasibly long acquisition times.MethodTo improve the trade‐off between the acquisition time, signal‐to‐noise ratio and spatial resolution, we acquire a set of low resolution T1‐weighted images and directly estimate a high resolution T1 map by means of super‐resolution reconstruction.ResultsSimulation and in vivo experiments show an increased spatial resolution of the T1 map, while preserving a high signal‐to‐noise ratio and short scan time. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms conventional estimation in terms of root‐mean‐square error.ConclusionSuper resolution T1 estimation enables resolution enhancement in T1 mapping with the use of standard (inversion recovery) T1 acquisition sequences. Magn Reson Med 77:1818–1830, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Somatic syndromes and chronic pain in women with overactive bladder
Authors: Reynolds W. Stuart , Mock Stephen , Zhang Xuechao , Kaufman Melissa , Wein Alan , Bruehl Stephen , Dmochowski Roger 
Published: July 2016

AimsMechanisms underlying pain perception and afferent hypersensitivity, such as central sensitization, may impact overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms. However, little is known about associations between OAB symptom severity, pain experience, and presence of comorbid chronic pain syndromes. This study examined relationships between OAB symptoms, somatic symptoms, and specific chronic pain conditions in which central sensitization is believed to play a primary role, in a community‐based sample of adult women with OAB.MethodsWe recruited adult women with OAB to complete questionnaires assessing urinary symptoms, pain and somatic symptoms, and preexisting diagnoses of central sensitivity syndromes. We analyzed the effects of overall bodily pain intensity, general somatic symptoms, and diagnoses of central sensitivity syndromes on OAB symptom bother and health‐related quality of life.ResultsOf the 116 women in this study, over half (54%) stated their urge to urinate was associated with pain, pressure, or discomfort. Participants reported a wide range of OAB symptoms and health‐related quality of life. There was a significant, positive correlation between OAB symptoms and somatic symptoms as well as overall pain intensity. Only 7% of women met diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia; yet these women demonstrated significantly increased OAB symptom burden and decreased OAB quality of life compared to those without fibromyalgia.ConclusionWomen with more severe OAB symptoms reported increased general somatic symptom burden and increased overall body pain intensity, especially women with fibromyalgia. These findings suggest that attributes of pain and co‐morbidity with chronic pain conditions may impact the experience of OAB symptoms for many women. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1113–1118, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The association between passive and active tobacco smoke exposure and child weight status among Spanish children
Authors: Robinson Oliver , Martínez David , Aurrekoetxea Juan J. , Estarlich Marisa , Somoano Ana Fernández , Íñiguez Carmen , Santa‐Marina Loreto , Tardón Adonina , Torrent Maties , Sunyer Jordi , Valvi Damaskini , Vrijheid Martine 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the impact of passive and active tobacco smoke exposure, both pre‐ and postnatally, on child body mass index (BMI) and overweight.MethodsPregnant women were enrolled into the Spanish INMA prospective birth cohort during 1997 to 2008. Tobacco smoke exposure was assessed by questionnaire and corroborated by pre‐ and postnatal cotinine measurements. Children were followed up until 4 years in newer subcohorts (N = 1866) and until 14 years in one older subcohort (N = 427). Child age‐ and sex‐specific BMI Z‐scores were calculated, and generalized estimating equations were used to model their relationship with repeated measures of tobacco smoke exposure.ResultsAssociations between prenatal passive exposure to tobacco smoke (adjusted β = 0.15, 95% CI: 0.05–0.25) and active maternal smoking (adjusted β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.08–0.33) and child zBMI up to 4 years were observed. Stronger associations were observed in the older subcohort between both prenatal and child passive smoke exposure and zBMI up to 14 years.ConclusionsEvidence for an effect of both passive and maternal active smoking on child postnatal growth has been provided. Although residual confounding cannot be completely ruled out, associations were robust to adjustment for a range of lifestyle factors.
Engagement in Play Activities as a Means for Youth in Detention to Acquire Life Skills
Authors: Shea Chi‐Kwan , Siu Andrew M.H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study describes how occupational therapists in a community‐based programme, Occupational Therapy Training Program (OTTP), use play activities to facilitate the acquisition of life skills by youth in detention. This pilot study explored the extent of engagement of male and female inmates aged 14 to 18 years old in structured play activities on topics such as interpersonal relationships, self‐awareness, cultural celebrations and the transition to community. Retrospective analysis of data collected from surveys using the Engagement in OTTP Activities Questionnaire (EOAQ), completed by youth participants at the end of each group session, was used to measure the extent of occupational engagement. Worksheets and artworks produced by OTTP participants during those group sessions were also analysed.The participants reported very high engagement in OTTP. Engagement scores for male participants were higher than those for female participants, and male and female participants had higher engagement scores for different activities. Over 90% of the worksheets and artworks were found to be complete and relevant to the topic of the session. Play activities could be an appropriate way for occupational therapists to encourage youth in detention to acquire life skills. Demographic information and the actual number of participants are unknown because of how the existing data were collected. Future studies examining the potential gender‐related preferences for specific topics deserve further investigation as well as research comparing the youth's engagement in OTTP interventions using play activities to other group interventions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Clinical characteristics of adverse events associated with therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in Korea
Authors: Sim Da Woon , Park Kyung Hee , Park Hye Jung , Son Young Woong , Lee Sang Chul , Park Jung‐Won , Lee Jae‐Hyun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeThe use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is increasing in various clinical fields. Although mAb safety must be demonstrated prior to approval, targeted pharmacovigilance is essential for the recognition and assessment of adverse reactions. The purpose of this study was to identify the major clinical features of adverse reactions to mAbs in Korea.MethodsSpontaneous reports of adverse reactions attributed to 18 mAbs from January 2005 to December 2014 were extracted from the Korea Adverse Event Reporting System. We analyzed these reports for information relating to patient characteristics and the types of adverse reactions.ResultsIn total, 11 492 adverse reactions were reported in 7569 patients. Almost 19% of total study population showed suspected hypersensitivity reactions. Leukocyte abnormalities were reported frequently (10.0%), as well as infections (9.5%), drug eruptions (7.5%), and pruritus (5.0%). Furthermore, 3716 of the adverse reactions in 2538 patients were classified as serious; these included severe infections (18.2%), neutropenia (12.1%), visual dysfunctions (6.6%), and anaphylaxis (4.8%). The mAbs with the highest number of adverse reaction reports were rituximab (27.6%), adalimumab (17.5%), cetuximab (11.9%), and infliximab (10.7%).ConclusionsHypersensitivity reactions were observed more frequently than expected, although no previously unrecognized reactions were observed. Adverse reactions occurred more frequently in children and in elderly patients. Close monitoring of adverse reactions to therapeutic mAbs is therefore warranted because these can potentially cause serious medical conditions or death. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Association between statins and infections among patients with diabetes: a cohort and prescription sequence symmetry analysis
Authors: Pouwels Koen B. , Widyakusuma Niken N. , Bos Jens H. J. , Hak Eelko 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPurposeA previous meta‐analysis of randomized trials did not confirm findings from observational studies that suggested that statins reduce the risk of infection. However, animal experiments indicate that statins may be more effective in reducing the risk and/or the severity of infection among patients with diabetes. Hence, we evaluated the effect of statins on antibiotic prescriptions (a proxy for infections) among patients with drug‐treated type 2 diabetes using two confounding‐reducing observational designs.MethodsWe conducted a prescription sequence symmetry analysis and a cohort study using the IADB.nl pharmacy prescription database. For the prescription sequence symmetry analysis, a sequence ratio was calculated. The matched cohort study, comparing the time to first antibiotic prescription between periods that statins are initiated and non‐use periods, was analyzed using stratified Cox regression.ResultsPrescription sequence symmetry analysis of 4684 patients with drug‐treated type 2 diabetes resulted in an adjusted sequence ratio of 0.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.81 to 0.91). Corresponding figures for the cohort analysis comparing 9852 statin‐initiation with 4928 non‐use periods showed similar results (adjusted hazard ratio: 0.88, 95%CI: 0.83 to 0.95).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that statins are associated with a reduced risk of infections among patients with drug‐treated type 2 diabetes. © 2016 The Authors. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Pendeln zwischen Pferden und Physik
Authors: Loos Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractÜber Jahre hinweg schwankt er: Soll er in die Fußstapfen des Vaters treten und den Gutshof übernehmen? Schüchtern und introvertiert, wie er ist, versagt er indes schon beim Dealen mit dem Pferdehändler. Die Tradition will es, dass er hoch zu Ross lernt, wie man gesunde Kühe von kranken unterscheidet, und Tradition ist viel wert, da, wo er aufwächst. Als Erstgeborener ist er der wichtigste Spross, als Einzelkind doppelt wichtig. Seine Eltern geben ihm sechs Vornamen.
Pulled Pork – temperaturkontrollierte Faserseparation
Authors: Vilgis Thomas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPulled Pork ist die Herausforderung am Grill. Durchwachsenes Schweinefleisch wie Schulter oder Nacken wird in den nur schwach beheizten Grill mit Räucherspänen gelegt und sanft über 12 bis 18 Stunden “gesmoked”, um es danach entlang der Muskelfasern zu separieren. Interessant ist dabei der Verlauf der Kerntemperatur. Sie zeigt eine lange Plateauphase, die Thermodynamik und Proteinphysik verbindet.
Crosslinked copolymer with low dielectric constant and dissipation factor based on poly(2,6‐Dimethylphenol‐co−2,6‐Diphenylphenol) and a crosslinker
Authors: Yang Min Chi , Higashihara Tomoya , Su Hung Wen , Ueda Mitsuru , Chen Wen‐Chang 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe crosslinked poly(2,6‐dimethylphenol (95 mol %)‐co−2,6‐diphenylphenol (5 mol %)) (poly(2,6‐DMP95‐co−2,6‐DPP5)) was successfully developed as an insulating material separating conducting elements with a low dielectric constant and dissipation factor. The crosslinked poly(2,6‐DMP95‐co−2,6‐DPP5) was prepared by the oxidative coupling polymerization of 2,6‐DMP with 2,6‐DPP, followed by the reaction with 4,4′‐methylenebis[2,6‐bis(methoxymethyl)]phenol (MBMP) as a crosslinking agent. The crosslinked poly(2,6‐DMP95‐co−2,6‐DPP5) exhibited a good thermal stability and glass transition temperature. The dielectric constant and dissipation factor of the crosslinked poly(2,6‐DMP95‐co−2,6‐DPP5) were 2.6 and 0.004 at 10 GHz, respectively. Moreover, a flexible double layer copper clad laminate based on the crosslinked poly(2,6‐DMP95‐co−2,6‐DPP5) composite was successfully prepared, indicating a useful material for high‐speed and high‐frequency electrical applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3218–3223