bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic Impact of Further Treatments on Distant Metastasis in Patients With Minimally Invasive Follicular Thyroid Carcinoma: Verification Using Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting
Authors: Lee Yu‐Mi , Lee Yi Ho , Song Dong Eun , Kim Won Bae , Sung Tae‐Yon , Yoon Jong Ho , Chung Ki‐Wook , Hong Suck Joon 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of further treatments in minimally invasive follicular thyroid carcinoma (MIFTC) patients.MethodsThe risk factors for distant metastases were analyzed, and the impact of surgical extent on distant metastasis was verified by using weighted logistic regression models with inverse‐probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).Results166 patients including 31 males (18.7 %) and 135 females (81.3 %), with the mean age of 41.5 ± 13.5 years, were enrolled for this study. The median follow‐up period was 103.5 months (range, 13–244 months). Seven patients (4.2 %) had distant metastases during follow‐up period. The presence of vascular invasion (Hazard ratio [HR] = 29.06; 95 % Confidence Interval [CI] = 3.06–209.08; p = 0.015) and extensive vascular invasion ≥4 foci (HR = 40.57; 95 % CI = 2.09–789.13; p = 0.014) were the independent risk factors for distant metastasis by multivariate analysis. Surgical extent did not influence distant metastasis. Logistic regression with IPTW also demonstrated that there were no statistically significant differences in the development of distant metastasis based on surgical extent (HR = 1.28; 95 % CI = 0.15–10.87; p = 0.823).ConclusionsThe presence of extensive vascular invasion is the most powerful predictor of distant metastasis. However, it is noteworthy that further treatments do not demonstrate an advantageous effect on preventing distant metastasis during the follow‐up period.
A New Type of Sulfobetaine Surfactant with Double Alkyl Polyoxyethylene Ether Chains for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Li Peiqian , Yang Cheng , Cui Zhenggang , Song Binglei , Jiang Jianzhong , Wang Zhijun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new type of sulfobetaine with double alkyl polyoxyethylene (n) ether chains, dicoconut oil alcohol polyoxethylene (n) ether methylhydroxylpropyl sulfobetaine (diC12–14EnHSB) was synthesized using a commercial nonionic surfactant, coconut oil alcohol polyoxethylene (n) ether, as raw material and its properties as a surfactant for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in the absence of alkali was studied. The purified product is a mixture of homologues with mainly C12/C12, C12/C14 and C14/C14 alkyl chains and widely distributed EO chains (n = 2.2 on average) with an average molar mass of 742.6 g/mol. The diC12–14E2.2HSB has an improved aqueous solubility at 25 °C compared with didodecylmethylhydroxylpropyl sulfobetaine (diC12HSB), a homologue without an EO chain, and is highly surface active as reflected by its low CMC (4.6 × 10−6 mol/L), high saturated adsorption (6.8 × 10−10 mol/cm2) and small cross sectional area (0.24 nm2/molec.) at the air/water interface. With a hydrophile–lipophile balance well matched with Daqing crude oil/connate water system, the sulfobetaine can reduce Daqing crude oil/connate water interfacial tension to ultra‐low values at 45 °C in the absence of alkali, and displays a low saturated adsorption at the sandstone/water interface (0.0024 mmol/g), reduced by 69 and 92 % respectively in comparison with that of the corresponding carboxyl betaine, diC12–14E2.2B and its homologue without an EO chain, didodecylmethylcarboxyl betaine (diC12B). With these excellent properties diC12–14E2.2HSB gives a high tertiary recovery, 18.4 % original oil in place, when mixed with other hydrophobic and hydrophilic sulfobetaines in surfactant‐polymer (SP) flooding free of alkali. The insertion of EO chains in combination with the replacement of carboxyl betaine by sulfobetaine is therefore very efficient for improving the properties of the double chain hydrophobic carboxyl betaines as surfactants for SP flooding free of alkali.
Free Fatty Acids Increase Intracellular Lipid Accumulation and Oxidative Stress by Modulating PPARα and SREBP‐1c in L‐02 Cells
Authors: Qin Shumin , Yin Jinjin , Huang Keer 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExcessive fat accumulation and increased oxidative stress contribute to the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the mechanisms underlying the development of steatosis are not entirely understood. The present study was undertaken to establish an experimental model of hepatocellular steatosis with a fat overaccumulation profile in which the effects of oxidative stress could be studied in L‐02 cells. We investigated the effects of free fatty acids (FFA) (palmitate:oleate, 1:2) on lipid accumulation and oxidative stress and their possible mechanisms in L‐02 cells. High concentrations of fatty acids significantly induced excessive lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in L‐02 cells, which could only be reversed with 50 μΜ WY14643 (the PPARα agonist). Immunoblotting and qPCR analyses revealed that FFA downregulated the expression of proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPARα), which contributed to the increased activation of sterol regulatory element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c). These results suggest that FFA induce lipid accumulation and oxidative stress in L‐02 cells by upregulating SREBP‐1c expression through the suppression of PPARα.
Pediatric forearm fractures with in situ intramedullary implants
Authors: Kelly Brian A. , Shore Benjamin J. , Bae Donald S. , Hedequist Daniel J. , Glotzbecker Michael P. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose The purpose of this investigation is to present our institutional experience with fractures of the pediatric forearm with in situ intramedullary nails. Methods Six patients treated at our institution for forearm fracture with in situ intramedullary implants between 2004 and 2013 were reviewed. Patient demographics, injury and radiographic characteristics, method of treatment, time to union, and complications were collected from the medical record. Results 485 patients with forearm fractures were treated with intramedullary implants and six patients presented with a fracture with in situ implants (1.2 %). Fractures in all six patients resulted from a second traumatic event after radiographic healing but before implant removal at a mean of 13.0 months from the initial procedure. One patient had an adequately aligned fracture and was treated with casting without reduction. The remaining five patients (83 %) returned to the operating room for treatment. Two patients underwent rod removal and placement of new intramedullary implants, and two patients were treated with rod removal and plating without attempt at closed reduction. One patient underwent closed reduction in the operating room with successful re-bending of the radial implant and replacement of the ulna implant. All patients went on to uncomplicated radiographic union at a mean 3.6 months. Conclusions The incidence of fracture of pediatric forearm with in situ intramedullary implants is low. This rare complication can be treated by several different methods, including revision TENS placement, revision to plate fixation, or in situ bending of rods, with the expectation for successful uncomplicated union.
Fairer Citation Based Metrics
Authors: Arandjelović Ognjen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractI describe a simple modification which can be applied to any citation count based index (e.g. Hirsch’s h-index) quantifying a researcher’s publication output. The key idea behind the proposed approach is that the merit for the citations of a paper should be distributed amongst its authors according to their relative contributions. In addition to producing inherently fairer metrics I show that the proposed modification has the potential to normalize partially for the unfair effects of honorary authorship and thus discourage this practice.
Genetics of Lipid and Lipoprotein Disorders and Traits
Authors: Dron Jacqueline S. , Hegele Robert A. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Purpose of Review
Plasma lipids, namely cholesterol and triglyceride, and lipoproteins, such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein, serve numerous physiological roles. Perturbed levels of these traits underlie monogenic dyslipidemias, a diverse group of multisystem disorders. We are on the verge of having a relatively complete picture of the human dyslipidemias and their components.

Recent Findings
Recent advances in genetics of plasma lipids and lipoproteins include the following: (1) expanding the range of genes causing monogenic dyslipidemias, particularly elevated LDL cholesterol; (2) appreciating the role of polygenic effects in such traits as familial hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia; (3) accumulating a list of common variants that determine plasma lipids and lipoproteins; (4) applying exome sequencing to identify collections of rare variants determining plasma lipids and lipoproteins that via Mendelian randomization have also implicated gene products such as NPC1L1, APOC3, LDLR, APOA5, and ANGPTL4 as causal for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; and (5) using naturally occurring genetic variation to identify new drug targets, including inhibitors of apolipoprotein (apo) C-III, apo(a), ANGPTL3, and ANGPTL4.

Summary
Here, we compile this disparate range of data linking human genetic variation to plasma lipids and lipoproteins, providing a “one stop shop” for the interested reader.
A ten fold reduction of nicotine yield in tobacco smoke does not spare the central cholinergic system in adolescent mice
Authors: Abreu‐Villaça Yael , Correa‐Santos Monique , Dutra‐Tavares Ana C. , Paes‐Branco Danielle , Nunes‐Freitas Andre , Manhães Alex C. , Filgueiras Cláudio C. , Ribeiro‐Carvalho Anderson 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe tobacco industry has gradually decreased nicotine content in cigarette smoke but the impact of this reduction on health is still controversial. Since the central cholinergic system is the primary site of action of nicotine, here, we investigated the effects of exposure of adolescent mice to tobacco smoke containing either high or low levels of nicotine on the central cholinergic system and the effects associated with cessation of exposure. From postnatal day (PN) 30 to 45, male and female Swiss mice were exposed to tobacco smoke (whole body exposure, 8 h/day, 7 days/week) generated from 2R1F (HighNic group: 1.74 mg nicotine/cigarette) or 4A1 (LowNic group: 0.14 mg nicotine/cigarette) research cigarettes, whereas control mice were exposed to ambient air. Cholinergic biomarkers were assessed in the cerebral cortex and midbrain by the end of exposure (PN45), at short‐ (PN50) and long‐term (PN75) deprivation. In the cortex, nicotinic cholinergic receptor upregulation was observed with either type of cigarette. In the midbrain, upregulation was detected only in HighNic mice and remained significant in females at short‐term deprivation. The high‐affinity choline transporter was reduced in the cortex: of HighNic mice by the end of exposure; of both HighNic and LowNic females at short‐term deprivation; of LowNic mice at long‐term deprivation. These decrements were separable from effects on choline acetyltransferase and acetylcholinesterase activities, suggesting cholinergic synaptic impairment. Here, we demonstrated central cholinergic alterations in an animal model of tobacco smoke exposure during adolescence. This system was sensitive even to tobacco smoke with very low nicotine content.
Prevention of Clostridium difficile Infection: A Systematic Survey of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Authors: Lytvyn Lyubov , Mertz Dominik , Sadeghirad Behnam , Alaklobi Faisal , Selva Anna , Alonso-Coello Pablo , Johnston Bradley C. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the most common cause of hospital-acquired infectious diarrhea.OBJECTIVETo analyze the methodological quality, content, and supporting evidence among clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) on CDI prevention.DESIGN AND SETTINGWe searched medical databases and gray literature for CPGs on CDI prevention published January 2004-January 2015. Three reviewers independently screened articles and rated CPG quality using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) instrument, composed of 23 items, rated 1–7, within 6 domains. We reported each domain score as a percentage of its maximum possible score and standardized range. We summarized recommendations, extracted their supporting articles, and rated individually the level of evidence using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence.RESULTSOf 2,578 articles screened, 5 guidelines met inclusion criteria. Median AGREE II scores and interquartile ranges were: clarity of presentation, 75.9% (75.9%–79.6%); scope and purpose, 74.1% (68.5%–85.2%); editorial independence, 63.9% (47.2%–66.7%); applicability, 43.1% (19.4%–55.6%); stakeholder involvement, 40.7% (38.9%–44.4%); and rigor of development, 18.1% (17.4%–35.4%). CPGs addressed several common strategies for CDI prevention, including antibiotic stewardship, hypochlorite solutions, probiotic prophylaxis, and bundle strategies. Recommendations were often not consistent with evidence, and most were based on low-level studies.CONCLUSIONCPGs did not adhere well to AGREE II reporting standards. Furthermore, there was limited transparency in moving from evidence to recommendations. CDI prevention CPGs need to better adhere to AGREE-II and be transparent in moving from evidence to recommendations, and recommendations need to be consistent with available evidence.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:901–908
Modeling the thickness of perennial ice covers on stratified lakes of the Taylor Valley, Antarctica
Authors: OBRYK M. K. , DORAN P. T. , HICKS J. A. , McKAY C. P. , PRISCU J. C. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA 1-D ice cover model was developed to predict and constrain drivers of long-term ice thickness trends in chemically stratified lakes of Taylor Valley, Antarctica. The model is driven by surface radiative heat fluxes and heat fluxes from the underlying water column. The model successfully reproduced 16 a (between 1996 and 2012) of ice thickness changes for the west lobe of Lake Bonney (average ice thickness = 3.53 m) and Lake Fryxell (average ice thickness = 4.22 m). Long-term ice thickness trends require coupling with the thermal structure of the water column. The heat stored within the temperature maximum of lakes exceeding a liquid water column depth of 20 m can either impede or facilitate ice thickness change depending on the predominant climatic trend (cooling or warming). As such, shallow (<20 m deep water columns) perennially ice-covered lakes without deep temperature maxima are more sensitive indicators of climate change. The long-term ice thickness trends are a result of surface energy flux and heat flux from the deep temperature maximum in the water column, the latter of which results from absorbed solar radiation.
How reliable are randomised controlled trials for studying the relationship between diet and disease? A narrative review
Authors: Temple Norman J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLarge numbers of randomised controlled trials (RCT) have been carried out in order to investigate diet–disease relationships. This article examines eight sets of studies and compares the findings with those from epidemiological studies (cohort studies in seven of the cases). The studies cover the role of dietary factors in blood pressure, body weight, cancer and heart disease. In some cases, the findings from the two types of study are consistent, whereas in other cases the findings appear to be in conflict. A critical evaluation of this evidence suggests factors that may account for conflicting findings. Very often RCT recruit subjects with a history of the disease under study (or at high risk of it) and have a follow-up of only a few weeks or months. Cohort studies, in contrast, typically recruit healthy subjects and have a follow-up of 5–15 years. Owing to these differences, findings from RCT are not necessarily more reliable than those from well-designed prospective cohort studies. We cannot assume that the results of RCT can be freely applied beyond the specific features of the studies.
Overfishing and nutrient pollution interact with temperature to disrupt coral reefs down to microbial scales
Authors: Zaneveld Jesse R. , Burkepile Deron E. , Shantz Andrew A. , Pritchard Catharine E. , McMinds Ryan , Payet Jérôme P. , Welsh Rory , Correa Adrienne M. S. , Lemoine Nathan P. , Rosales Stephanie , Fuchs Corinne , Maynard Jeffrey A. , Thurber Rebecca Vega 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLosses of corals worldwide emphasize the need to understand what drives reef decline. Stressors such as overfishing and nutrient pollution may reduce resilience of coral reefs by increasing coral–algal competition and reducing coral recruitment, growth and survivorship. Such effects may themselves develop via several mechanisms, including disruption of coral microbiomes. Here we report the results of a 3-year field experiment simulating overfishing and nutrient pollution. These stressors increase turf and macroalgal cover, destabilizing microbiomes, elevating putative pathogen loads, increasing disease more than twofold and increasing mortality up to eightfold. Above-average temperatures exacerbate these effects, further disrupting microbiomes of unhealthy corals and concentrating 80% of mortality in the warmest seasons. Surprisingly, nutrients also increase bacterial opportunism and mortality in corals bitten by parrotfish, turning normal trophic interactions deadly for corals. Thus, overfishing and nutrient pollution impact reefs down to microbial scales, killing corals by sensitizing them to predation, above-average temperatures and bacterial opportunism.
Spatializing 6,000 years of global urbanization from 3700 BC to AD 2000
Authors: Reba Meredith , Reitsma Femke , Seto Karen C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHow were cities distributed globally in the past? How many people lived in these cities? How did cities influence their local and regional environments? In order to understand the current era of urbanization, we must understand long-term historical urbanization trends and patterns. However, to date there is no comprehensive record of spatially explicit, historic, city-level population data at the global scale. Here, we developed the first spatially explicit dataset of urban settlements from 3700 BC to AD 2000, by digitizing, transcribing, and geocoding historical, archaeological, and census-based urban population data previously published in tabular form by Chandler and Modelski. The dataset creation process also required data cleaning and harmonization procedures to make the data internally consistent. Additionally, we created a reliability ranking for each geocoded location to assess the geographic uncertainty of each data point. The dataset provides the first spatially explicit archive of the location and size of urban populations over the last 6,000 years and can contribute to an improved understanding of contemporary and historical urbanization trends.
Broken selection rule in the quantum Rabi model
Authors: Forn-Díaz P. , Romero G. , Harmans C. J. P. M. , Solano E. , Mooij J. E. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the interaction between light and matter is very relevant for fundamental studies of quantum electrodynamics and for the development of quantum technologies. The quantum Rabi model captures the physics of a single atom interacting with a single photon at all regimes of coupling strength. We report the spectroscopic observation of a resonant transition that breaks a selection rule in the quantum Rabi model, implemented using an LC resonator and an artificial atom, a superconducting qubit. The eigenstates of the system consist of a superposition of bare qubit-resonator states with a relative sign. When the qubit-resonator coupling strength is negligible compared to their own frequencies, the matrix element between excited eigenstates of different sign is very small in presence of a resonator drive, establishing a sign-preserving selection rule. Here, our qubit-resonator system operates in the ultrastrong coupling regime, where the coupling strength is 10% of the resonator frequency, allowing sign-changing transitions to be activated and, therefore, detected. This work shows that sign-changing transitions are an unambiguous, distinctive signature of systems operating in the ultrastrong coupling regime of the quantum Rabi model. These results pave the way to further studies of sign-preserving selection rules in multiqubit and multiphoton models.
HDAC inhibition promotes both initial consolidation and reconsolidation of spatial memory in mice
Authors: Villain Hélène , Florian Cédrick , Roullet Pascal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAccumulating evidence suggests a critical role for epigenetic regulations in long term memory (LTM) formation. Among them, post-translational modifications of proteins, as histone acetylation, are an important regulator of chromatin remodelling and gene transcription. While the implication of histone acetylation in memory consolidation is widely accepted, less is known about its role in memory reconsolidation i.e. during memory restabilization after its reactivation. In the present study, we investigated the role of histone acetylation during the initial consolidation and the reconsolidation of spatial memory, using a weak massed learning procedure in the Morris water maze paradigm in mice. Usually a weak learning is sufficient for short term memory (STM) formation, but insufficient to upgrade STM to LTM. We found that promoting histone acetylation through intra-hippocampal infusion of a class I selective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor immediately after a subthreshold spatial learning improved LTM but not STM retention. More importantly, inhibiting HDAC activity after the reactivation of a weak memory promoted specifically LTM reconsolidation without affecting post-reactivation STM. These findings argue in favour of an important role for histone acetylation in memory consolidation, and more particularly during the reconsolidation of spatial memory in mice.
Regulation of Airway Inflammation by G-protein Regulatory Motif Peptides of AGS3 protein
Authors: Choi IL-Whan , Ahn Do Whan , Choi Jang-Kyu , Cha Hee-Jae , Ock Mee Sun , You EunAe , Rhee SangMyung , Kim Kwang Chul , Choi Yung Hyun , Song Kyoung Seob 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRespiratory diseases such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and lung infections have critical consequences on mortality and morbidity in humans. The aims of the present study were to examine the mechanisms by which CXCL12 affects MUC1 transcription and airway inflammation, which depend on activator of G-protein signaling (AGS) 3 and to identify specific molecules that suppress CXCL12-induced airway inflammation by acting on G-protein-coupled receptors. Herein, AGS3 suppresses CXCL12-mediated upregulation of MUC1 and TNFα by regulating Gαi. We found that the G-protein regulatory (GPR) motif peptide in AGS3 binds to Gαi and downregulates MUC1 expression; in contrast, this motif upregulates TNFα expression. Mutated GPR Q34A peptide increased the expression of MUC1 and TGFβ but decreased the expression of TNFα and IL-6. Moreover, CXCR4-induced dendritic extensions in 2D and 3D matrix cultures were inhibited by the GPR Q34A peptide compared with a wild-type GPR peptide. The GPR Q34A peptide also inhibited CXCL12-induced morphological changes and inflammatory cell infiltration in the mouse lung, and production of inflammatory cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid and the lungs. Our data indicate that the GPR motif of AGS3 is critical for regulating MUC1/Muc1 expression and cytokine production in the inflammatory microenvironment.