bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kajian aspek produksi dan pemasaran kedelai di Jawa Tengah: Studi kasus di Kabupaten Wonogiri
Authors: Saptana NFN 
Published: October 2017

<strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Kedelai memegang posisi strategis dalam seluruh kebijaksanaan pangan nasional karena perannya yang sangat penting dalam menu pangan penduduk dan dalam penyediaan kesempatan kerja. Bahan makanan dari kedelai ini cukup potensial karena selain harganya murah, juga mengandung nilai gizi yang tinggi (16 - 20 persen lemak, 35 - 45 persen protein, 25 persen karbohidrat, serta mengandung vitamin A, B1 dan B2). Dilihat sumbangannya terhadap konsumsi masyarakat (terutama protein dan kalori) kedelai memberikan andil 61 persen protein dan 28 persen kalori dari semua kacang-kacangan yang dikonsumsi penduduk Indonesia (BPS, 1985). Eksistensi perkedelaian di Indonesia menjadi semakin penting karena laju permintaan terhadap kedelai yang tinggi setiap tahun dan melebihi laju peningkatan produksi. Kendala pengembangan aspek produksi yang dihadapi petani diantaranya adalah rendahnya persepsi dan tingkat adopsi beberapa komponen teknologi seperti benih berlabel, sistem tanam larikan, penggunaan pupuk secara lengkap dan berimbang, dan penyiangan tanaman secara lebih baik. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini di Wonogiri telah dihasilkan suatu paket teknologi budidaya kedelai yang dirancang oleh ESCAP CGPRT yang bekerjasama dengan Balittan Bogor dan Pusat Penelitian Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian. Secara umum aspek pemasaran kedelai berjalan cukup baik yang ditunjukkan oleh pangsa harga yang diterima petani cukup besar (80 - 90 persen) dan tidak ada fluktuasi bulanan yang tajam. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam aspek pemasaran adalah rendahnya kualitas kedelai. Pemerintah diharapkan berperan dalam menetapkan harga jual dan beli pedagang besar menurut kualitas dikaitkan dengan penyaluran kedelai impor.
Dampak Deregulasi Gula Terhadap Penerimaan Petani Tebu
Authors: Malian A. Husni 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English</strong><br />Sugar deregulation carried out by the government through INPRES No. 5, 1998 has liberated farmers from compulsory of cane planting. Formerly, the input of sugar raw materials to the factory was assured by the compulsory cane rotation planting by the farmers. Following deregulation, the compulsory planting was abolished. To fulfill the raw material needs, the factory was urged to offer more advantageous sharing system pattern and price level to the farmers. Alternatively that could be done is through sugar agribusiness unit development with vertical coordination where sugar factory as the initiator, motivator and coordinator. By doing so, the role of the government is limited on the effort of preventing a monopsonistic practices that might take place.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Deregulasi gula yang dilakukan pemerintah melalui Inpres No. 5 tahun 1998 telah membebaskan petani dari kewajiban menanam tebu. Bila sebelum deregulasi pasokan bahan baku pabrik gula dijamin melalui kewajiban penanaman tebu secara bergilir oleh petani, maka setelah adanya deregulasi kewajiban tersebut di hapuskan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan bakunya, pabrik gula saat ini dituntut menawarkan pola bagi hasil dan tingkat harga yang lebih menguntungkan petani di bandingkan pengusahaan tanaman pangan. Alternatif yang dapat ditempuh adalah pengembangan Unit Agribisnis Gula (UAG) dengan pola koordinasi vertikal, di mana pabrik gula bertindak sebagai inisiator, motifator dan koordinator. Di sini peran pemerintah dibatasi pada upaya untuk mencegah praktek-praktek monopsonistik yang mungkin terjadi</p>
Pembinaan Sistem Perbenihan Terpadu: Kasus Komoditas Kedelai
Authors: Siregar Masdjidin 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>The availability of good quality seeds as the basis for good production is still a problem. The major objective of this paper is to describe formal and informal soybean seed systems in Indonesia. While the use of such national soybean varieties as Wilis, Galunggung, etc., has been relatively high (more than 70%), most soybean farmers obtain soybean seed from informal Jabalsim system that produces unlabelled or uncertified seeds. The system is but an inter-field and inter-seasonal seed flow through market in a region. The Jabalsim system is deemed adequate for farmers who have preference for fresh, cheap and timely available seed. Integration of formal system and Jabalsim system is therefore urgently needed. The Government (Office of Agricultural Services, Seed Control and Certification Station or BPSB) may increase the service to assist and train seed growers and middlemen involved in seed business. Good quality soybean seeds should be periodically injected to Jabalsim system. It is suggested that to improve the national seed system in general, the members of the National Seed Agency (BBN) should include various experts (in breeding, seed technology, and biotechnology fields) and private companies dealing with seed production and marketing.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Ketersediaan benih bermutu sebagai dasar peningkatan produksi masih merupakan masalah. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan sistem perbenihan kedelai formal dan informal. Sementara tingkat penggunaan benih unggul nasional seperti Wilis, Galunggung dan sebagainya sudah relatif tinggi (lebih dari 70 persen), namun kebanyakan petani memperoleh benih kedelai dari sistem Jabalsim yang menghasilkan benih tidak berlabel. Sistem Jabalsim dipandang cukup memadai untuk para petani yang memiliki pilihan terhadap benih segar, murah dan tersedia manakala diperlukan. Karena itu maka integrasi sistem benih formal dan sistem informal sangat diperlukan. Dinas Pertanian dan Balai Pengawasan dan Sertifikasi Benih (BSPB) dapat meningkatkan pelayanannya untuk melaksanakan pelatihan bagi para penangkar benih dan pedagang benih. Benih Pokok (SS) bermutu perlu diinjeksikan secara berkala ke dalam sistem Jabalsim. Anggota Badan Perbenihan Nasional seharusnya terdiri dari berbagai tenaga ahli (pemuliaan tanaman, teknologi benih dan bioteknologi) dan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam produksi dan pemasaran benih.</p>
Pengembangan Sistem Usaha Pertanian Berkelanjutan
Authors: Adnyana Made Oka 
Published: October 2017

<p><strong>English<br /></strong>Agricultural sustainability is still a debatable concept since there is no standard criteria that suitable for agriculture development. Various studies have been conducted regarding the concept but it's just limited to evaluation on the existing agricultural activities. Nevertheless, the issue then is whether the present capital intensive agriculture and heavy imported input is a sustainable agricultural system?. Agricultural development with agribusiness system approach is then believed as one of alternatives that can enhance agricultural development in Indonesia. In respond to this issue, various action research and assessment on agribusiness system of priority commodities have been conducted since 1995. Great variability of research results were found in relation to various factors such as: (1) Economic of scale, (2) Appropriate technology that suitable to the assessment objectives, (3) Characteristics of the agribusiness system, (4) Criteria of success of the assessment, and (5) Management of agribusiness system develompnet. This paper discussed the future outlook of agribusiness development as sustainability approach in agricultural development.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Indonesian<br /></strong>Pertanian terlanjutkan masih merupakan konsep yang terus diperdebatkan selama belum ada kriteria yang baku sesuai dengan dinamika pembangunan pertanian. Telah banyak studi dilakukan tetapi masih terbatas pada evaluasi kegiatan pertanian yang sedang berjalan. Pertanyaan yang kemudian sering muncul, apakah pertanian yang padat modal dan sarana produksi sarat dengan bahan baku impor dapat terlanjutkan? Pendekatan sistem usaha pertanian, kemudian dipercaya dapat mendorong keberlanjutan pembangunan pertanian. Sehubungan dengan pendekatan tersebut, berbagai pengkajian tentang sistem usaha pertanian komoditas telah di lakukan sejak tahun 1995. Namun hasil dari pengkajian tersebut sangat beragam yang terkait dengan berbagai aspek seperti : (1) Skala ekonomi, (2) Teknologi yang tepat guna dan sesuai dengan sasaran pengkajian, (3) karakteristik suatu SUP, (4) Kriteria keberhasilan dan (5) manajemen pengembangan SUP. Tulisan ini mencoba mengajukan konsep tentang pendekatan SUP dalam pembangunan pertanian yang berkelanjutan.</p>
Tinjauan Penerapan Kebijakan Industri Ayam Ras : Antara Tujuan dan Hasil
Authors: Yusdja Yusmichad , Ilham Nyak , Sajuti Rosmijati 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />The government policy related to development of layer and broiler industry began in 1970 through foreign investment. In the same year the government approved development of broiler and layer hatchery industry from Japan and United States. This policy was followed-up by broiler and layer farms policy in 1980 that limited economic scales of the farms. The objective of the policy is to create employment as many as possible for smallholders backed up by Livestock Bill No. 67. After 20 years of the Bill enactment, however, the policy was ineffective and encouraged the big scale farms to arrive at uncontrollable growth. In 1996, namely right before economic crisis took place, layer and broiler industry were dominated by the big scale farms and the independent smallholders did not exist anymore. This paper aims to describe the policies related to layer and broiler industry development since 1979 to 2003. This experience is important as the knowledge in order to develop the other commodities such as dairy cows, native chicken, food crops, and estate crops which, so far, are still chained up in the smallholders protecting policies.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Kebijaksanaan pemerintah menyangkut pengembangan industri ayam ras dimulai tahun 1970 melalui kebijakan penanaman modal asing (PMA). Pada tahun tersebut disetujui pengembangan pembibitan ayam ras dari negara Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Kebijakan ini disusul dengan kebijakan budidaya tahun 1980 yang mengatur pembatasan skala usaha ayam ras. Tujuan kebijakan tersebut adalah untuk menyediakan lapangan kerja sebanyak-banyaknya bagi rakyat dengan dukungan UU Peternakan No 67. Namun setelah 20 tahun berlangsung, ternyata kebijakan ini tidak berhasil efektif bahkan mendorong percepatan pertumbuhan skala besar yang semrawut. Pada tahun 1996 sesaat sebelum krisis ekonomi, industri ayam ras dikuasai oleh peternak skala besar. Usaha rakyat dalam bentuk mandiri dapat dikatakan tidak ada lagi. Tujuan tulisan ini adalah untuk memaparkan perjalanan kebijakan pengembangan industri ayam ras dari tahun 1979 sampai tahun 2003. Pengalaman ini penting sebagai pengetahuan dalam rangka mengembangkan komoditas lain seperti sapi perah, ayam buras dan tanaman pangan, maupun perkebunan yang sampai saat ini terbelenggu dalam kebijakan perlindungan usaha rakyat.
Revitalisasi Kelembagaan Kemitraan Usaha dalam Pembangunan Agribisnis Hortikultura di Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Authors: Darwis Valeriana , Hastuti Endang Lestari , Friyatno Supena 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />For market oriented of agricultural development, agribusiness scheme is the most appropriate option. Partnership pattern in agribusiness scheme is one of the alternatives to achieve successful performance. This article aims to introduce the application of partnership pattern on horticultural crops in North Sumatera Province. The current partnership pattern in horticultural production centers is generally developed locally, applying nucleus-plasma pattern, and pattern introduced by the intervention of the government. The locally established partnership pattern was developed based on the common needs and, therefore, this pattern has been institutionalized due to the increasing trustworthy and honesty among the members. Meanwhile the nucleus-plasma pattern is carried out and controlled by formal rules and regulations which are agreed and approved by the members. On the other hand, the partnership pattern introduced by the government is designed to support rural development programs. However, the pattern faces various constraints in internalizing the concept. There is an assumption that the government aid and support is treated as grant with no obligation to repay. In this regard, the role of the government and coordination among the related institutions should be intensified and improved.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Pada usaha pertanian berorientasi pasar, pendekatan yang sesuai adalah agribisnis. Kemitraan di antara pelaku usaha di bidang agribisnis merupakan salah satu cara untuk memperbesar peluang keberhasilan. Tulisan ini menggambarkan kemitraan hortikultura yang ada di Provinsi Sumatera Utara dalam upaya menyempurnakan serta merevitalisasi kemitraan yang pernah dikembangkan. Pola kemitraan yang ada di sentra produksi hortikultura umumnya bersifat lokal, pola inti-plasma, dan bentukan pemerintah. Kemitraan usaha yang bersifat lokal terbentuk karena adanya kebutuhan bersama dari pelaku kemitraaan usaha, sehingga relatif melembaga karena adanya nilai-nilai kepercayaan dan kejujuran. Kemitraan usaha dengan pola inti plasma diatur dan dikontrol oleh aturan-aturan yang bersifat formal, yang telah disetujui dan ditandatangani bersama. Pola kemitraan yang dibentuk oleh pemerintah terutama bertujuan sesuai dengan program pembangunan pedesaan, dan sampai saat ini tampaknya relatif sulit melembaga. Hal ini antara lain disebabkan adanya anggapan bahwa setiap bantuan yang diberikan oleh pemerintah merupakan hibah, sehingga tidak perlu dikembalikan. Oleh karena itu peran pemerintah harus ditingkatkan dan koordinasi antar lembaga terkait lebih diintensifkan.
Strategi Agricultural-Demand-Led-Industrialization dalam Perspektif Peningkatan Kinerja Ekonomi dan Pendapatan Petani
Authors: Susilowati Sri Hery 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />The new paradigm of agricultural development placed Agricultural-Demand-Led-Industrialization (ADLI) strategy as an industrialization strategy emphasizing agriculture development program and setting the agriculture sector as a prime mover of industry and other sectors. The strategy is considered appropriate to be applied in developing countries which agriculture sector is their main resource. This paper aims to analyze the role of ADLI strategy in developing countries, including Indonesia, on macroeconomic performance and on farmers and land less households’ income improvement. The main result of this study is that ADLI strategy has an important role on macroeconomic performance, especially on labor absorption, GDP improvement as well as on other sector’s income acceleration. However, the strategy is quite a distance from an ideal implementation in terms of household income distribution. The benefit gained from agriculture and agroindustry sector development was mostly pour to non agriculture households in urban areas while farmer’s households and especially those of landless gained the least.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Paradigma baru pembangunan pertanian menempatkan strategi Agricultural-Demand-Led- Industrialization (ADLI) sebagai strategi industrialisasi yang menitikberatkan program pembangunan di sektor pertanian dan menjadikan sektor pertanian sebagai penggerak pembangunan sektor industri dan sektor-sektor lain. Strategi pembangunan ini dipandang sesuai diterapkan di negara-negara berkembang yang memiliki sumberdaya utama di sektor pertanian. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menelaah peran strategi ADLI yang telah diterapkan di negara-negara berkembang termasuk Indonesia dalam meningkatkan kinerja ekonomi makro dan meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga petani dan buruh tani. Kesimpulan pokok dari kajian ini adalah bahwa strategi ADLI berperan baik khususnya dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja, peningkatan PDB dan perannya dalam mengakselerasi pertumbuhan sektor-sektor lain. Namun dalam hal distribusi pendapatan rumah tangga, strategi ADLI masih jauh dari penerapan yang ideal. Manfaat pengembangan sektor pertanian primer dan agroindustri lebih banyak mengalir ke rumah tangga nonpertanian di kota, sedangkan buruh tani dan petani menerima pendapatan terkecil.
Faktor-Faktor Dominan dalam Pembentukan Lembaga Sosial
Authors: Budhi Gelar Satya , Aminah Mimin 
Published: October 2017

<strong>English</strong><br />Local institutions have important role in the people-centered development vision, but such institutions establishment is carried out in absence of good social process. This condition leads to poor performance of the institution, even it does not function at all, without any improvement in the long term. Theoretical references, research as well as experience of establishing institutions suggest using some dominant factors in institutional development in order to get better performance. There are at least six dominant factors in institutional establishment, namely the principles of democratic, participative, diffusion of innovation, and empowerment, besides the existence of conflict in the community and divergent orientation among residents.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Lembaga lokal memiliki peran sangat penting dalam pembangunan yang memiliki visi mengutamakan masyarakat (people-centered development). Akan tetapi pembentukan lembaga seringkali tidak dilakukan melalui proses sosial yang matang. Keadaan seperti ini menyebabkan banyak lembaga yang dibentuk memiliki kinerja kurang optimal bahkan tidak berfungsi, tanpa ada perbaikan untuk jangka waktu lama. Referensi teoritis, penelitian dan pengalaman pembentukan lembaga menyarankan bahwa untuk memperoleh lembaga yang memiliki kinerja baik, maka pembentukan lembaga harus didasarkan pada beberapa faktor-faktor dominan. Sekurang-kurangnya terdapat enam faktor dominan dalam pembentukan lembaga, yaitu prinsip demokratis, partisipatif, difusi inovasi, dan pemberdayaan, selain pemahaman mengenai keberadaan konflik di masyarakat dan perbedaan orientasi anggota masyarakat pada saat pembentukan lembaga.
The cost of urban sanitation solutions: a literature review
Authors: Daudey Loïc 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to review the literature on and compare the lifecycle costs of full sanitation chain systems in developing cities of Africa and Asia. Overall, financial cost reporting methodologies have been inconsistent and many studies only focus on capital costs or do not report cost data on desludging, transport and treatment. In addition, a comparative analysis of raw cost data across cities and countries would be of low utility, owing to the numerous determinants of costs (e.g. density, level of service) and their high sensitivity to local contexts. To circumvent this, this paper compares the cost ratios between different sanitation systems analysed in a same study. It concludes that conventional sewer systems are in most cases the most expensive sanitation options, followed, in order of cost, by sanitation systems comprising septic tanks, ventilated improved pit latrines (VIP), urine diversion dry toilets and pour-flush pit latrines. The cost of simplified sewer systems is found to be lower than both conventional sewer systems and septic tank-based systems, but lack of data prevented further comparisons with other types of sanitation solutions.
Land cover changes for enhancing water availability in watersheds of Tanahun and Kaski, Nepal
Authors: Thakur Jay Krishna , Khanal Kapil , Poudyal Kabita 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLand use and land cover practices play a crucial role in balancing ecosystems and maintaining water supply services, including watersheds. The main objective of the current research is to assess the land cover change (LCC) and its specific influence on water runoff in the catchment and to study specific catchment characteristics such as LCCs through the years, soil properties, and recommendations for potential vegetation. The research area is located in two main districts of Chitwan Annapurna Landscape (CHAL), in four watersheds. Soil organic carbon was measured using the dry combustion method, the land use classification was done using Geographic Information System (GIS) software and potential vegetation analysis was based on several criteria. The complex relationship between factors was evaluated to account for the effect of separate factors to determine the outcomes in the basin. The Lund–Potsdam–Jena model was used for the purpose of characterisation of the study. The clear trend of change was not observed; however, there are obvious connections between various parameters as slope, aspect, soil properties and water runoff occurring in the catchment. According to the results obtained, land use planning could consider the relationship within the catchment and factors such as soil type, peoples’ interests, etc., which are important within the catchment.
Sociodemographic, Psychologic Health, and Lifestyle Outcomes in Young Adults on Renal Replacement Therapy
Authors: Hamilton Alexander J. , Clissold Rhian L. , Inward Carol D. , Caskey Fergus J. , Ben-Shlomo Yoav 
Published: October 2017

Background and objectives
Young adults receiving RRT face additional challenges in life. The effect of established kidney failure on young adulthood is uncertain. We aimed to establish the psychosocial and lifestyle status of young adults receiving RRT.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Our study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of 16–30-year olds receiving RRT compared with the general population. We selected randomized, controlled trials; cohort studies; or cross-sectional studies without language restriction and extracted proportions of sociodemographic and lifestyle outcomes or validated psychologic health tests producing quality of life, wellbeing, and self-esteem scores. We undertook random effects meta-analysis.

Results
There were 60 studies with a total of 15,575 participants. Studies were largely single-center cross-sectional studies of those transplanted in childhood. Compared with healthy peers, young adults on RRT had lower quality of life, which was worse for patients on dialysis (seven studies: standardized mean difference, −1.01; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −1.32 to −0.70) compared with patients with transplants (nine studies: standardized mean difference, −0.42; 95% CI, −0.64 to −0.20). They were more likely to be unemployed (seven studies: relative risk, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.47 to 2.44) and live in the family home (two studies: relative risk, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.40 to 2.43). They were less likely to be married or have a partner (four studies: relative risk, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.95). Higher education (three studies: relative risk, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.73 to 1.51), alcohol abstinence (three studies: relative risk, 1.96; 95% CI, 0.84 to 4.67), and smoking status (two studies: relative risk, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.44) did not differ. Results were limited by high heterogeneity and a small evidence base, biased toward surviving patients.

Conclusions
Established kidney failure is associated with lower quality of life in young people and limited employment, independence, and relationships compared with healthy peers.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2017_10_19_CJASNPodcast_17_12_.mp3