bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk assessment of online child abuse material (CAM) offenders: a review of existing tools
Authors: Garrington Catherine , Chamberlain Peter , Rickwood Debra , Boer Douglas P. 
Published: December 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to summarise the available risk and assessment tools for child abuse material (CAM) offenders. Noting the rise of internet-based offences surrounding CAM, it has been proposed that there may be substantial differences between internet only (IO) offenders, contact only and mixed profile sexual offenders.Design/methodology/approachThrough online searches, risk assessment tools for sexual offenders were identified. Scoring manuals were consulted for applicability to IO offenders.FindingsNine risk assessment tools for sexual offenders were included. Risk assessment tools for sexual offenders use cautionary language regarding the application of sexual offence risk assessment tools to IO offenders. An additional five tools were identified specifically addressing IO offenders. Three of these tools address risk assessment and two assess cognitions and behaviours.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include the identification of static and dynamic risk factors and the application of structured professional judgement.Practical implicationsBy drawing together existing tools and recommendations for use with the IO offender population, a gap is identified for CAM specific risk assessment tools.Originality/valueAppropriate risk assessment, case planning and treatment will contribute to the appropriate management and treatment of the IO offender population.
Unpacking the foundational dimensions of work integration social enterprise
Authors: Lysaght Rosemary , Roy Michael J. , Rendall Jack S. , Krupa Terry , Ball Liam , Davis Janessa 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The aim of this exploratory, mixed methods study was to develop and test a tool that identifies foundational dimensions of work integration social enterprises (WISEs) for use in empirical studies and enterprise self-assessment. Construction of the initial prototype was based upon a review of the literature and prior qualitative research by the authors.

Design/methodology/approach
A 20-item question pool with a four-point response scale was constructed to explore WISE business and employment practices and strategies for worker growth and development. Three sequential field tests were conducted with the prototype – the first with 5 Canadian WISEs, the second with 14 WISEs in the UK and the third with 6 Canadian WISEs involved in an outcome study in the mental health sector. Each field test included completion of the questionnaire by persons with managerial responsibility within the WISE and evaluative feedback captured through questions on the applicability and interpretability of the items.

Findings
Testing of the prototype instrument revealed the inherent diversity in the field and the difficulty in creating questions that both embrace that diversity and produce unidimensional variables definable along a spectrum. A number of challenges with question structure were identified and have been modified throughout the iterative testing process.

Research limitations/implications
This study identified central domains for inclusion in a multi-dimensional WISE assessment tool. Further testing will help further refine scaling and establish psychometric properties.

Originality/value
This measure will provide a descriptive profile of WISEs across sectors and identify WISE core dimensions for research and organizational development.
From Plagiarism‐Plagued to Plagiarism‐Proof: Using Anonymized Case Assignments in Intermediate Accounting
Authors: Scott Sandra 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPlagiarism in accounting case assignments is a serious problem that undercuts the important objectives the case assignments are used to achieve: the development of students’ critical thinking skills and the advancement of their written communication skills. This paper examines plagiarism behavior through the lens of fraud theory by targeting two elements of the fraud triangle: rationalization and opportunity. Efforts to target rationalization by changing student perceptions of peer behavior were not effective. This led to a shift in focus to the assignment itself which was providing the opportunity for misconduct. Students were sidestepping authentic engagement in the assignment by gaining access to published solutions or peer submissions from previous semesters. One failsafe design response to this problem is to use only originally written cases. However, writing a large number of original cases each semester is unrealistic within many instructors’ workloads. This article instead proposes the use of a case refreshing strategy that makes cases appear unique to each group of students. When this strategy was introduced in an intermediate accounting course, there was a dramatic decrease in plagiarism and a corresponding improvement of the academic integrity environment in the course.
VARRO, DICAEARCHUS, AND THE HISTORY OF ROMAN RES RUSTICAE
Authors: NELSESTUEN GRANT A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract:
This article reconstructs the historical narrative underlying the account of Roman farming in De re rustica, thereby shedding new light on Varro's intellectual engagements in composing his agricultural treatise and methodology as a scholar of Rome. Central to this account is Dicaearchus of Messana's three-stage theory of human development, which not only provides an anthropological pedigree for agriculture (in book 1) and animal husbandry (in book 2), but also establishes the theoretical framework for Varro's innovative treatment of so-called ‘animal husbandry of the villa’ (in book 3). By presenting this last sphere of rustic production as a newly viable mode of farming contingent on the vast wealth and decline of morality in contemporary Rome, Varro uses it to emblematize ‘urban life’ as a fourth stage of human existence. The history of Roman farming thus offers a profoundly ambivalent narrative, entailing technological and material progress at the cost of moral decline.
The RSPO3 gene as genetic markers for bone mass assessed by quantitative ultrasound in a population of young adults
Authors: Correa‐Rodríguez María , Schmidt Rio‐Valle Jacqueline , Rueda‐Medina Blanca 
Published: December 2017

AbstractUltrasound bone mass measurement has been postulated as a valuable bone‐health assessment tool for primary care. The aim of this study was to analyse the possible relationship between the SPTBN1, RSPO3, CCDC170, DKK1, GPATCH1, and TMEM135 genes, with calcaneal quantitative ultrasound (QUS) in a population of young adults. These genes were first associated with broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) in the GEFOS/GENOMOS study. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 575 individuals (mean age 20.41 ± 2.69). Bone mass at the right calcaneus was estimated by QUS. Six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SPTBN1 (rs11898505), RSPO3 (rs7741021), CCDC170 (rs4869739), DKK1 (rs7902708), TMEM135 (rs597319), and GPATCH1 (rs10416265) were selected as genetic markers based on their previous association with calcaneal QUS. After adjusting for multiple confounding factors, the only significant association with QUS in our population was found for the rs7741021 SNP in the RSPO3 gene (P = 0.006) using the dominant model of inheritance. This suggests the possible implication of the RSPO3 gene in bone mass acquisition during early adulthood.
The effects of recreational ketamine cystitis on urinary tract reconstruction – a surgical challenge
Authors: Sihra Néha , Ockrim Jeremy , Wood Dan 
Published: December 2017

ObjectivesTo identify the rate of postoperative complications in patients who require surgical reconstruction for ketamine‐induced urinary tract dysfunction and to identify any predictors for poor postoperative outcome with subsequent management strategies.Patients and MethodsA retrospective review of data collected between 2007 and 2017 of all patients with ketamine‐induced urinary tract disease was performed. Evaluation included computed tomography urogram, cystoscopy, and biopsy. Indications and outcomes for surgical intervention were assessed.ResultsIn all, 44 patients were identified of which 68% were male. The mean (range) age at presentation was 31 (23–55) years. All bladder biopsies confirmed an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate. A significant proportion of patients (81.8%) were found to have reduced cystoscopic bladder capacity of <300 mL (mean 196, range 25–550 mL). In all, 29 patients were treated conservatively with a view to symptom resolution. Two patients underwent dilatation for urethral strictures. Four patients underwent repeated intra‐detrusor onabotulinum toxin injection with minimal subjective symptom relief. Two of these patients proceeded to have major reconstruction. Indications for urinary tract reconstruction included intractable symptoms, high‐pressure compliance loss with renal compromise and ureteric obstruction. Patients were advised to abstain from ketamine use for a minimum of 6 months prior to consideration of surgical intervention. A total of 14 patients underwent major reconstruction. Surgical intervention included ileal conduit urinary diversion, augmentation cystoplasty with or without Mitrofanoff channels, ureteric re‐implantation, and cystectomy with neobladders. Complications included anastomotic leaks, ureteric strictures, adhesional small bowel obstruction, renal failure, and sepsis. Overall, complications occurred in 10/14 patients.ConclusionIn a tertiary high‐volume reconstructive unit, ketamine patients were at high risk of significant perioperative complications. There did not appear to be any other common factor apart from their use of ketamine, and the significant inflammatory change associated with this. We recommend meticulous preoperative evaluation and multidisciplinary consultation for all patients to determine optimal treatment strategies.
Erosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp: reappraisal of an underrecognized entity
Authors: Wilk Michael , Zelger Bettina G. , Hauser Undine , Höpfl Reinhard , Zelger Bernhard 
Published: December 2017

SummaryErosive pustular dermatosis of the scalp (EPDS) is an inflammatory dermatosis of unknown etiology. Herein, we present a review of the disease and report our own clinical and histopathological experience in eleven patients. EPDS tends to spontaneously affect bald areas of the scalp in elderly individuals. A history of previous surgery at the same site – as observed in four of our patients – is common. Coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular insult, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and severe cases of cancer were frequent comorbidities. Most patients show an undulating clinical course despite topical anti‐inflammatory treatment; in some individuals, the lesions heal with scarring. Histopathology reveals scaly crusts or erosions and granulation tissue‐like changes in the dermis, evolving into a scar in more advanced stages. Apart from actinic/local damage, impaired immunity and microcirculation may be predisposing factors of the disease. Similar to pyoderma gangrenosum, EPDS must be considered in the context of nonhealing wounds in the elderly after the differential diagnoses mimicking EPDS have been ruled out. Given that previous or concomitant adjacent basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma is a common finding and that infiltrative variants extending beyond the clinically visible tumor may occur, histological mapping of the surrounding skin may be advisable in doubtful cases.
Evidence for increased chylomicron remnants in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Burggraaf Benjamin , van Breukelen‐van der Stoep Deborah F. , van Zeben Jendé , van der Meulen Noelle , van de Geijn Gert‐Jan M. , Liem Anho , Valdivielso Pedro , Rioja Villodres José , Ramírez‐Bollero José , van der Zwan Ellen , Castro Cabezas Manuel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundLevels of apolipoprotein (apo) B48 may be increased in conditions associated with systemic inflammation and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We aimed to evaluate apo B48 levels in patients with RA in relation to subclinical atherosclerosis.MethodsPatients with RA (without CVD) and controls without RA but with high CVD risk (based on the presence of diabetes mellitus or a history of CVD) and healthy controls were included in this cross‐sectional study. Carotid intima‐media thickness (cIMT) was measured as a surrogate for vascular damage.ResultsIn total, 312 patients with RA, 65 controls with high CVD risk and 36 healthy controls were included. Patients with RA had the highest mean apo B48 (10.00 ± 6.65 mg/L) compared to controls with high CVD risk and healthy controls (8.37 ± 5.16 and 5.22 ± 2.46, P < .001). Triglycerides levels were comparable with controls.In RA, apo B48 correlated positively with triglycerides (r = .645; P < .001) but not with cIMT. However, in RA subjects not using lipid or blood pressure lowering medication, a weak correlation was found with cIMT (r = .157; P = .014). RA patients in the highest apo B48 tertile were more often rheumatoid factor positive and anti‐CCP positive compared to the lowest tertile.ConclusionRheumatoid arthritis patients have higher levels of apo B48 compared to controls with high CVD risk and healthy controls, with normal levels of triglycerides. This accumulation of atherogenic chylomicron remnants may contribute to the elevated CVD risk in RA patients.
Evidence for declining forest resilience to wildfires under climate change
Authors: Stevens‐Rumann Camille S. , Kemp Kerry B. , Higuera Philip E. , Harvey Brian J. , Rother Monica T. , Donato Daniel C. , Morgan Penelope , Veblen Thomas T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractForest resilience to climate change is a global concern given the potential effects of increased disturbance activity, warming temperatures and increased moisture stress on plants. We used a multi‐regional dataset of 1485 sites across 52 wildfires from the US Rocky Mountains to ask if and how changing climate over the last several decades impacted post‐fire tree regeneration, a key indicator of forest resilience. Results highlight significant decreases in tree regeneration in the 21st century. Annual moisture deficits were significantly greater from 2000 to 2015 as compared to 1985–1999, suggesting increasingly unfavourable post‐fire growing conditions, corresponding to significantly lower seedling densities and increased regeneration failure. Dry forests that already occur at the edge of their climatic tolerance are most prone to conversion to non‐forests after wildfires. Major climate‐induced reduction in forest density and extent has important consequences for a myriad of ecosystem services now and in the future.
MicroRNA 143‐5p regulates alpaca melanocyte migration, proliferation and melanogenesis
Authors: Ji Kaiyuan , Zhang Pengqian , Zhang Junzhen , Fan Ruiwen , Liu Yu , Yang Shanshan , Hu Shuaipeng , Liu Xuexian , Dong Changsheng 
Published: December 2017

AbstractmicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to be closely involved in the control of melanogenesis and hair colour in mammals. Previous data also indicate that miR‐143 regulates cell growth in melanoma. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of miR‐143‐5p in alpaca melanocytes. We found that miR‐143‐5p was highly expressed in the cytoplasm of alpaca melanocytes as demonstrated by an in situ hybridization assay. Prediction analysis revealed that miR‐143‐5p could regulate TGF‐β‐activated kinase 1 (TAK1) expression, which we confirmed by luciferase reporter assay, indicating that miR‐143‐5p controls TAK1 expression by directly targeting its 3′ untranslated region (UTR). miR‐143‐5p overexpression decreased TAK1 expression, which led to increased melanocyte migration and proliferation, and downregulation of microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MITF), which regulates melanin production. These results support a functional role for miR‐143‐5p in regulating alpaca melanocyte migration, proliferation and melanogenesis through direct targeting of TAK1.
Impacts of climate change on rice production in Africa and causes of simulated yield changes
Authors: van Oort Pepijn A. J. , Zwart Sander J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study is the first of its kind to quantify possible effects of climate change on rice production in Africa. We simulated impacts on rice in irrigated systems (dry season and wet season) and rainfed systems (upland and lowland). We simulated the use of rice varieties with a higher temperature sum as adaptation option. We simulated rice yields for 4 RCP climate change scenarios and identified causes of yield declines. Without adaptation, shortening of the growing period due to higher temperatures had a negative impact on yields (−24% in RCP 8.5 in 2070 compared with the baseline year 2000). With varieties that have a high temperature sum, the length of the growing period would remain the same as under the baseline conditions. With this adaptation option rainfed rice yields would increase slightly (+8%) but they remain subject to water availability constraints. Irrigated rice yields in East Africa would increase (+25%) due to more favourable temperatures and due to CO2 fertilization. Wet season irrigated rice yields in West Africa were projected to change by −21% or +7% (without/with adaptation). Without adaptation irrigated rice yields in West Africa in the dry season would decrease by −45% with adaptation they would decrease significantly less (−15%). The main cause of this decline was reduced photosynthesis at extremely high temperatures. Simulated heat sterility hardly increased and was not found a major cause for yield decline. The implications for these findings are as follows. For East Africa to benefit from climate change, improved water and nutrient management will be needed to benefit fully from the more favourable temperatures and increased CO2 concentrations. For West Africa, more research is needed on photosynthesis processes at extreme temperatures and on adaptation options such as shifting sowing dates.
MOTHERS IN WAR: “RESPONSIBLE MOTHERING,” CHILDREN, AND THE PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE IN TWENTIETH‐CENTURY WAR
Authors: DAMOUSI JOY 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe key concern of this article is to explore how the history of twentieth‐century violence forces us to reflect on how we interpret the acts of those who find themselves attempting to prevent violence, as mothers have done in relation to their children, in the context of violence and atrocity. A focus on mothers and maternity redirects our analysis to gendered aspects of a history of violence and war that do not concentrate solely on bodily violent acts or physical inflictions upon women—crucial as these remain to histories of violence—but shifts the attention to examining women and violence within another aspect: that of women as active agents negotiating violent contexts. It builds on the considerable scholarship that argues that mothers in war have invariably been represented only as victims or spectators in war, and yet they have also demonstrated agency both individually and collectively. This is significant because to ignore this dimension of scholarly endeavor misses an opportunity to write women into histories of violence in ways that complicate their role in war and make them central to the story. To marginalize mothers in the broader canvas of war and violence, as scholarship often does, is also to narrow our focus of understandings of agency and the negotiation of violence itself. I explore these wider questions by focusing on the cataclysmic events of war, in the first instance in the context of a total war in the early twentieth century, the First World War, and in the second—the Greek Civil War—a civil war that took place in mid‐century. Although these are vastly different conflicts, they both illuminate the decisions of mothers to attempt to prevent further violence in war, especially in relation to their children, and to highlight the contested notion of “responsible motherhood” in war.
THEORIZING BALLISTICS: ETHICS, EMOTIONS, AND WEAPONS SCIENTISTS
Authors: BOURKE JOANNA 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTWhat is violence? This article explores conceptions of violence from the perspective of scientists engaged in weapons research. Ballistics scientists are routinely excluded from the “violent” label on grounds of class, status, education, and emotional comportment. The article analyzes the science of ballistics through the lenses of ethics and emotions. How do scientists justify experiments in ballistics, or the science of designing weapons and other technologies aimed at destroying environments and inflicting wounds (often fatal) and other forms of injury on people and nonhuman animals? In stark contrast to those who analyze weapons development as an objective science and who impart violent agency to autonomous technologies, I situate wound ballistics as a branch of applied moral philosophy. Its practice always involves an “ought.” Although the central job of ballistics scientists is the “effective production of wounds,” this is not regarded as violent, except by their victims, of course. In part, this lacuna is due to an ideological relationship forged between “violence” and particular emotional states. It is also part of a political project defining “the human.”
Female pattern hair loss: a pilot study investigating combination therapy with low‐dose oral minoxidil and spironolactone
Authors: Sinclair Rodney D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundMinoxidil and spironolactone are oral antihypertensives known to stimulate hair growth.ObjectiveTo report on a case series of women with pattern hair loss (PHL) treated with once daily minoxidil 0.25 mg and spironolactone 25 mg.MethodsWomen newly diagnosed with a Sinclair stage 2–5 PHL were scored for hair shedding and hair density before and after 12 months of treatment with oral minoxidil 0.25 mg and spironolactone 25 mg.ResultsA total of 100 women were included in this observational pilot study. Mean age was 48.44 years (range 18–80). Mean hair loss severity at baseline was Sinclair 2.79 (range 2–5). Mean hair shedding score at baseline was 4.82. Mean duration of diagnosis was 6.5 years (range 0.5–30). Mean reduction in hair loss severity score was 0.85 at 6 months and 1.3 at 12 months. Mean reduction in hair shedding score was 2.3 at 6 months and 2.6 at 12 months. Mean change in blood pressure was −4.52 mmHg systolic and −6.48 mmHg diastolic. Side effects were seen in eight women but were generally mild. No patients developed hyperkalemia or any other blood test abnormality. Six of these women continued treatment, and two women who developed urticaria discontinued treatment.LimitationsProspective, uncontrolled, open‐label observational study.DiscussionOnce daily capsules containing minoxidil 0.25 mg and spironolactone 25 mg appear to be safe and effective in the treatment of FPHL. Placebo‐controlled studies to investigate this further are warranted.