bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decoding error probability of random parity-check matrix ensemble over the erasure channel
Authors: Chan Chin Hei , Fu Fang-Wei , Xiong Maosheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper we carry out an in-depth study on the average decoding error probability of the random parity-check matrix ensemble over the erasure channel under three decoding principles, namely unambiguous decoding, maximum likelihood decoding and list decoding. We obtain explicit formulas for the average decoding error probabilities of the random parity-check matrix ensemble under these three decoding principles and compute the error exponents. Moreover, for unambiguous decoding, we compute the variance of the decoding error probability of the random parity-check matrix ensemble and the error exponent of the variance, which implies a strong concentration result, that is, roughly speaking, the ratio of the decoding error probability of a random linear code in the ensemble and the average decoding error probability of the ensemble converges to 1 with high probability when the code length goes to infinity.
The Curve Fitting Problem, Data Validation, and Inductive Generalization in Machine Learning
Authors: Tamir Michael , Shech Elay 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAris Spanos and Deborah Mayo’s error-statistical approach to statistical modeling and inference adopts the reliability of inductive inference as a primary criterion for statistical model and estimator selection (e.g., curve fitting). In this paper, we expand the error-statistical approach’s adoption of reliable inductive inference by scrutinizing the epistemic legitimacy of contemporary techniques leveraged in data science. We argue that data validation and testing potentially provides a direct, measurable method of evaluating evidence for reliable inductive inferences in cases where the error-statistical approach is not easily applied, and conclude with an exploration of core methodological foils to the reliability of inductive inference revealed by this argument.
A Biogeographical Debate at the Origins of Limnology in Switzerland and Italy: The Issue over Pelagic Fauna Between Pietro Pavesi and François-Alphonse Forel
Authors: Pireddu Pier Luigi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article explores the early biogeographical debates that shaped the beginning of limnology, focusing on the differences of opinion concerning the origins of pelagic fauna between two pioneering scientists: Pietro Pavesi and François-Alphonse Forel. The study examines how Pavesi’s hypothesis of a marine origin for pelagic fauna contrasts with Forel’s theory of passive distribution, situating their arguments within a broader Darwinian framework. The first part of the paper provides a historical overview of Italian limnology, highlighting Pavesi’s contributions and interpreting Forel’s writings to underscore the significance of discovering pelagic fauna in conceptualizing lakes as microcosms. The second part compares Pavesi’s and Forel’s hypotheses, emphasizing their impact on the scientific understanding of freshwater ecosystems. The importance of this discovery, in both historical and scientific contexts, lies in recognizing the presence of plankton in lakes as a crucial element for the mature formulation of ecological concepts, such as the ecosystem.
Coupling effects on class C predictions of soft soil settlements
Authors: Huang Shan , Huang Jinsong , Kelly Richard , Jiang Shui-Hua , Jonse Merrick , Kamruzzaman A. H. M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In uncoupled consolidation analysis, settlement and pore water pressure are solved independently, whereas in coupled analysis, they are solved simultaneously to ensure continuity (i.e., the volume change in soil due to compression must equal the water volume change caused by dissipation). This study investigates the coupling effects of soil deformation and pore water pressure dissipation in the back analysis of soft soil settlements. It further evaluates the suitability of both coupled and uncoupled constitutive models with different types of monitoring data, providing practical guidance for selecting consolidation models and achieving reliable long-term predictions. The one-dimensional governing equations for soft soil consolidation, incorporating prefabricated vertical drains and creep deformation, are first reviewed. A case study of a trial embankment in Ballina, New South Wales, Australia, is then used to demonstrate the impact of coupling effects and monitoring data on settlement predictions. The results show that considering coupling effects not only improves long-term settlement predictions but also reduces uncertainties in the updated soil parameters, especially when both settlement and pore water pressure data are used.
Prospective evaluation of PI-RADSv2.1 using multiparametric and biparametric MRI for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer based on MRI/US fusion-guided biopsy
Authors: Yamaya Naohiro , Kimura Koichiro , Ichikawa Ryota , Kawanishi Masaaki , Kawasaki Yusuke , Higuchi Subaru , Fukui Kenichi , Tsuchiya Junichi , Kobayashi Masaki , Yoshida Soichiro , Fujii Yasuhisa , Tateishi Ukihide 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
To evaluate the cancer detection rates for each category of Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System version 2.1 (PI-RADSv2.1) using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and biparametric MRI (bpMRI) based on MRI/ultrasound (US)-fusion biopsy.

Materials and methods
This prospective study included participants who underwent mpMRI or bpMRI with a PI-RADSv2.1 interpretation and subsequently received MRI/US-fusion biopsy between August 2022 and December 2023. The lesion-based detection rates of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) in each PI-RADSv2.1 category and the correlation between PI-RADSv2.1 categories and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade groups were analyzed. The diagnostic performance of PI-RADSv2.1 in predicting csPCa was evaluated, and diagnostic performance of mpMRI and bpMRI was compared using cut-offs, with PI-RADSv2.1 categories ≥ 3 or ≥ 4 defined as positive.

Results
A total of 247 lesions from 216 participants were included in this study. A total of 157 patients underwent mpMRI and the remaining 59 underwent bpMRI. The csPCa detection rates for each PI-RADSv2.1 category of mpMRI and bpMRI were as follows: category 1, 0% (0/11); 2, 13% (3/23); 3, 16% (5/31); 4, 60% (43/72); 5, 65% (26/40), in mpMRI; category 1, 0% (0/4); 2, 33% (1/3); 3, 25% (3/12); 4, 61% (19/31); 5, 75% (15/20) in bpMRI. PI-RADSv2.1 categories were significantly positively associated with csPCa detection rates in both mpMRI and bpMRI (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.00048, respectively). PI-RADSv2.1 categories correlated with ISUP grade groups for mpMRI and bpMRI (p < 0.0001 for both). There were no significant differences in the detection rates between mpMRI and bpMRI for PI-RADS v2.1 positive and negative lesions.

Conclusion
PI-RADSv2.1 using mpMRI and bpMRI could stratify the risk of csPCa, and the csPCa detection rate of bpMRI was compatible with that of mpMRI using cut-offs of PI-RADSv2.1 categories ≥ 3 or ≥ 4.
Risk of Malignancy in Indeterminate Liver Nodules Among Patients with Cirrhosis: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Yahia Yousef , Qasem Ma’mon , Abbarh Shahem , Saffo Husam , Obeidat Ibrahim M. , Barjas Haidar Hussein , Faisal Mohanad Mohammed , Halabiya Malik , Chandra Prem , Derbala Moutaz 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Several studies have shown a higher risk of liver cancer from indeterminate liver nodules, but the exact occurrence and predictors of liver cancer in this group are still unclear. Our aim is to study the development of liver cancer in this population and identify any potential risk factors.

Methods
This retrospective study evaluated cirrhotic patients with indeterminate liver nodules from 2013 to 2023.Data from electronic patient records was analyzed to assess the association between HCC and baseline factors. Subgroup exploratory analysis compared characteristics of patients with de novo HCC and those with nodule transformation HCC.

Results
Out of 116 patients with liver nodules, 19 (16%) developed HCC in up to 7.5-year follow-up. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between HCC incidence and smoking [hazard ratio (HR) 2.60, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.01–6.74), nodule diameter exceeding 2 cm (HR 5.41, 95% CI 1.45–20.18), and baseline LI-RADS score 3 (HR 3.78, 95% CI 1.36–19.52). Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed significant independent associations with nodule diameters 1 cm to < 2 cm (adjusted HR 3.35, 95% CI 1.06–10.60) and greater than 2 cm (adjusted HR 5.85, 95% CI 1.10–31.16), as well as with LI-RADS 3 lesions (adjusted HR 3.75, 95% CI 1.16–12.11) with adjusting other potential predictors and covariates.

Conclusion
Our findings show a higher incidence of HCC in patients with indeterminate liver nodules, increasing over time and reaching 30% at seven years. Nodules larger than 1–2 cm or LI-RADS 3 lesions pose increased risk for HCC. Enhanced surveillance is necessary given the lack of clear management guidelines.
Generic Level Sets in Mean Curvature Flow are BV Solutions
Authors: Ullrich Anton , Laux Tim 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We show that a generic level set of the viscosity solution to mean curvature flow is a distributional solution in the framework of sets of finite perimeter by Luckhaus and Sturzenhecker, which in addition saturates the optimal energy dissipation rate. This extends the fundamental work of Evans and Spruck (J Geom Anal 5(1):79–116, 1995), which draws a similar connection between the viscosity solution and Brakke flows.
Roman White Marbles in Northern Marche Region (Italy): An Archaeometric Provenance Study
Authors: Amadori Maria Letizia , Santi Patrizia , Frapiccini Nicoletta , Tufi Sergio Rinaldi , Gorgoni Carlo , Pallante Paolo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractArchaeometric investigations were conducted on Roman marble statues, engraved slabs, and memorial bases discovered in various archaeological sites located in the present Marche Region (Italy), including Fanum Fortunae, Pisaurum, and Potentia. These artefacts are currently housed in the Archaeologic Museum of Fano, the Archaeologic Museum of Pesaro, and the Archaeologic Museum of Porto Recanati (Macerata). Spanning from the Republican age to the Severan dynasty and up until the middle of the fourth century AD, these archaeological artefacts attest to the existence of numerous urbanized Roman colonies adorned with monuments and marble decorations. Mineralogical and petrographic examinations, along with C-O stable isotopic and chemical analyses (MgO and Sr), were carried out to both characterize the marble features and determine their provenance. This research aimed to delineate the specific use and distribution of these marbles across different chronological periods. The results indicated that Proconnesian marble was mainly used in the engraved slabs from Fanum Fortunae, with one exception in which Pentelic marble was identified. The sculptures from Fanum Fortunae and Potentia were carved from white marbles, including Lunense and Parian marbles (Parian-1 and Parian-2 types), with limited use of Pentelic and Thasian marbles, notably the Thasian-3 variety. Memorial bases from Pisaurum were identified to be made from Parian, Proconnesian, and Thasianmarbles. The archaeometric provenance of the different marbles was correlated with the archaeological dating of the artefacts to establish a chronological framework describing their use over time. This work provides an opportunity to appreciate Roman artifacts crafted from precious white marbles, which are housed in various museums throughout the Marche Region. The archaeometric investigation offers a significant contribution to the dissemination of knowledge and serves as a valuable tool for the enhancement of this archaeological and cultural heritage, potentially informing policies aimed at promoting geotourism.
Hop to It! A Systematic Review and Longitudinal Meta-analysis of Hop Performance After ACL Reconstruction
Authors: Girdwood Michael A. , Crossley Kay M. , Rio Ebonie K. , Patterson Brooke E. , Haberfield Melissa J. , Couch Jamon L. , Mentiplay Benjamin F. , Hedger Michael , Culvenor Adam G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Hop testing is widely used by clinicians to monitor rehabilitation and decide when to return to sport following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR); however, the trajectory of long-term hop performance has not been summarised.

Objective
To investigate hop performance change over time after ACLR.

Design
Systematic review with longitudinal meta-analysis.

Data Sources
MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane CENTRAL and SPORTDiscus to 28 February 2023.

Eligibility Criteria
Studies with ≥ 50 participants following primary ACLR, with mean participant age of 18–40 years, reporting a quantitative measure of hop performance (e.g. single forward hop distance). Results had to be reported for the ACLR limb and compared with (1) the contralateral limb (within person) and/or (2) an uninjured control limb (between person).

Results
We included 136 studies of 23,360 participants. Performance was similar across different hop tests, with steep initial improvements in within-person symmetry, tailing off after 18–24 months. ACLR limb hop performance was 5–10% lower compared with the contralateral limb at 1 year post-surgery, with largest deficits observed for vertical hop [87.0% contralateral limb (95% CI 85.3–88.8) compared with single forward hop 93.8% (95% CI 92.8–94.9)]. By 3–5 years, results were similar between ACLR and contralateral limbs. There were limited data for between-person comparisons (n = 17 studies). Exploratory analyses showed deficits in all forward hopping tests to be very strongly correlated with each other [e.g. single forward and triple hop rho = 0.96 (95% CI 0.90–0.99)], though there was discordance in the relationship between single forward hop and vertical hop performance [rho = 0.27 (95% CI − 0.53 to 0.79)].

Conclusions
Hop performance is comparable to the uninjured limb by 3–5 years post-ACLR, with the greatest deficits in within-person symmetry present in vertical and side hop tests. Assessment of hopping in multiple planes and comparison with uninjured controls, may provide the most complete evaluation of functional performance.
Blue-cloud DAB: developing a platform to harmonize, assess and disseminate marine metadata collections
Authors: Boldrini Enrico , Roncella Roberto , Papeschi Fabrizio , Mazzetti Paolo , Schaap Dick , Thijsse Peter , Weerheim Paul , Nativi Stefano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe integration and harmonization of marine data from diverse sources are vital for advancing global oceanographic research and ensuring seamless discovery and access of critical datasets. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the metadata harmonization efforts within the Blue-cloud 2026 project, which brokers data from numerous Blue Data Infrastructures (BDIs), leveraging the Discovery and Access Broker technology. The platform enables discovery and analysis of marine data collections while facilitating interoperability with other components of the marine digital ecosystem, such as virtual laboratories and the Semantic Analyzer. It also supports the flow of Blue-cloud information to other initiatives like the Global Earth Observations System of Systems. For data managers, the findings emphasize the importance of enhancing metadata quality, revealing discrepancies in core metadata elements, and the need for more consistent use of controlled vocabularies. For cyberinfrastructure developers, the study details the challenges of accommodating a wide array of interfaces from different data systems, highlighting the adoption of an extensible brokering architecture that harmonizes metadata models and protocols. The study also emphasizes the importance of metadata analysis in ensuring effective searches for end users, highlighting challenges in aggregating diverse sources, where data providers may have structured the content with different objectives compared to those of the system of systems. End users will gain insights into the current metadata content of Blue-cloud, enabling them to search and access data from multiple BDIs with an understanding of the technical complexities behind the scenes.
Existence results for elliptic equation involving polyharmonic operator and a critical growth
Authors: Benhamida Asma , Hadiji Rejeb , Yazidi Habib 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this work, we study the two following minimization problems for $$r \in \mathbb {N}^{*}$$

r
∈

N

∗

, $$\begin{aligned} \begin{array}{ccc} S_{0,r}(\varphi )=\displaystyle \inf _{u\in H_{0}^{r}(\Omega ),\,\Vert u+\varphi \Vert _{L^{2^{*r}}}=1}\Vert u\Vert _{r}^{2}&\text { and }\,\,&S_{\theta ,r}(\varphi )=\displaystyle \inf _{u\in H_{\theta }^{r}(\Omega ),\,\Vert u+\varphi \Vert _{L^{2^{*r}}}=1}\Vert u\Vert _{r}^{2}, \end{array} \end{aligned}$$

S

0
,
r

(
φ
)

=

inf

u
∈

H

0

r

(
Ω
)

,

‖
u
+
φ
‖

L

2

∗
r

=
1

‖
u
‖

r

2

and

S

θ
,
r

(
φ
)

=

inf

u
∈

H

θ

r

(
Ω
)

,

‖
u
+
φ
‖

L

2

∗
r

=
1

‖
u
‖

r

2

,

where $$\Omega \subset \mathbb {R}^{N}, $$

Ω
⊂

R

N

,

$$N > 2r$$

N
>
2
r

, is a smooth bounded domain, $$2^{*r}=\frac{2N}{N-2 r}$$

2

∗
r

=

2
N

N
-
2
r

, $$\varphi \in L^{2^{*r}} (\Omega ) \cap C(\Omega )$$

φ
∈

L

2

∗
r

(
Ω
)

∩
C

(
Ω
)

and the norm $$\Vert . \Vert _{r}=\displaystyle { \int _{\Omega } |(-\Delta )^{\alpha }.|^{2}dx}$$

‖
.
‖

r

=

∫
Ω

|

(
-
Δ
)

α

.
|

2

d
x

where $$ \alpha =\frac{r}{2} $$

α
=

r
2

if r is even and $$\Vert . \Vert _{r}=\displaystyle { \int _{\Omega } |\nabla (-\Delta )^{\alpha }. |^{2}dx }$$

‖
.
‖

r

=

∫
Ω

|
∇

(
-
Δ
)

α

.
|

2

d
x

where $$\alpha = \frac{r-1}{2}$$

α
=

r
-
1

2

if r is odd. Firstly, we prove that, when $$\varphi \not \equiv 0, $$

φ
≢
0
,

the infimum in $$S_{0,r}(\varphi )$$

S

0
,
r

(
φ
)

and $$S_{\theta ,r}(\varphi )$$

S

θ
,
r

(
φ
)

are achieved. Secondly, we show that $$ S_{\theta ,r}(\varphi )< S_{0,r}(\varphi ) $$

S

θ
,
r

(
φ
)

<

S

0
,
r

(
φ
)

for a large class of $$\varphi $$
φ
.
A micro-scale look into pedestrian thermophysiological comfort in an urban environment
Authors: Silva Tiago , Lopes António , Vasconcelos João 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Different spatial scales enable the analysis of thermophysiological conditions of pedestrians in an urban environment. A higher resolution hotspot analysis was conceived using GIS technology in some areas of Lisbon with different morphological conditions. Eleven hotspots were found across six study areas, located in high to moderate urban density conditions and in different types of urban spaces. So, six hotspots were found in avenues (high urban density conditions), three in streets, and two in general open spaces (moderate urban density conditions). These spaces are characterized by being busy areas with high anthropogenic influence, with high-absorbing and reflective materials, and with very poor green infrastructure. Environmental conditions, namely, radiation, mean radiant temperature, and air temperature, were the main cause of hotspot existence, and the main propellers for UTCI intensification. The urban density variable was also found to be important, especially in avenues and open spaces. In these areas, the adjusted component for environmental and urban density conditions can increase 0.60 to 1.35 °C in open spaces and 0.30 to 0.60 °C in avenues, each time there is a one-unit increase in the component. Trees, either in the street or in parks, have generally been found to decrease the UTCI.
Heme Oxygenase-1 Protected Against Severe Acute Pancreatitis by Inhibiting Inflammatory Response
Authors: Sun Yuansong , Qi Jinwei , Yao Tingting , Yin Chunlin , Yang Min , Ge Weiwei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Activation of NLPR3 inflammasome promotes the maturation and secretion of IL-1β and IL-18, leading to a series of inflammatory reactions, while inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome alleviates the severity of Severe Acute Pancreatitis (SAP). An inducible enzyme responsible for heme decomposition, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-proliferative effects. HO-1 activity profoundly affects the host ability to forbear infection by reducing tissue damage or affecting resistance and increasing the capacity to pathogen load. We postulated that hemin, a strong HO-1 inducer, could decrease NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which would alleviate the severity of SAP and acute lung injury caused by pancreatitis.

Methods
By administering intraperitoneal injections of caerulein (Cae) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the SAP rat model was created. Then, the SAP rats were pretreated with Hemin or zinc protoporphyrin IX (Znpp, a HO-1 inhibitor) to stimulate or inhibit the HO-1 enzyme respectively, and the effects and mechanisms were investigated.

Results
The pancreas and lung tissue of the SAP rats suffered considerable pathological damage after Cae and LPS injection, with significant increases of amylase, lipase, IL-1β and IL-18 levels in the serum. Hemin pretreatment decreased IL-1β and IL-18 release in the serum and prevented pancreatic and pulmonary damage. Hemin dramatically reduced oxidative stress, downregulated the expression of NLRP3, ASC, and Caspase-1, and elevated HO-1 expression. On the contrary, there were no discernible changes between the SAP control and Znpp treated groups.

Conclusion
These results showed that hemin prevented Cae and LPS-induced lung and pancreatic injury through suppression of the inflammatory response. The impact of hemin on the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome was depending critically on HO-1 activity. The protective role and mechanism HO-1 against the acute and severe inflammatory responses may provide a novel and effective therapeutic approach for SAP treatment.
Authentic or artificial intelligence? Faculty’s perspectives on the ChatGPT’s impact on U.S. urban planning Ph.D. programs
Authors: Ye Xinyue , Zhai Wei , Du Jiaxin , Van Zandt Shannon , Ye Yuning 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis commentary article explores the impact of ChatGPT on Urban Planning Ph.D. programs within universities in the United States. Our survey reveals a high awareness of Artificial Intelligence tools (e.g. ChatGPT) among faculty yet highlights a cautious approach to integrating ChatGPT into curricula and preliminary exam settings. While some educators recognize ChatGPT’s potential to enhance research efficiency and language proficiency, especially for international students, concerns about academic integrity and the over-reliance on AI are prevalent. The commentary underscores the need for a balanced approach, advocating for ChatGPT’s use as a supplementary tool while maintaining critical thinking in doctoral preliminary exams.
Business deserts politics under weak institutions: evidence from Russia, 2003–2010
Authors: Grigoriev Ivan S. , Zhirkov Kirill 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Businesspeople are expected to invest in political connections when the institutions are weak. Using an original dataset from Russia in 2003–2010, we document changes in political connections of the richest businesspeople and show that within the institutional environment of a fledgling autocracy political engagement stops paying off, and the businesspeople retreat from politics. The businesspeople’s political disengagement reveals their insider assessment of the quality of Russian political institutions, indicating that as autocracy consolidated in Russia, its political institutional structure was in decay. This finding contributes to our understanding of authoritarian institutions, suggesting that even though autocracies nowadays might be institutionalized to a much higher degree, in the short-run autocracy is still detrimental to institutionalization.