bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transoral robotic surgery in the seated position: Rethinking our operative approach
Authors: Moore Eric J. , Van Abel Kathryn M. , Olsen Kerry D. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTransoral surgery (TOS) is commonly performed in a supine patient with an oral retractor. Paradoxically, this strategy can create difficulty with visualizing and accessing pathology at the base of tongue, inferior pharynx, and larynx. We investigate the feasibility of TOS with the patient in the seated position.Study DesignPilot study.MethodsTOS utilizing the da Vinci Robotic Surgical Xi and Si systems (Intuitive Surgical, Sunnyvale, CA) was performed on a fresh cadaver placed in both the traditional supine position and the seated position. Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) in the seated position was then performed on two patients for a supraglottic laryngectomy and a hypopharyngeal carcinoma resection.ResultsVisualization of the entire upper aerodigestive tract was possible in the cadaver and two patients in the seated position. The Si was superior for docking, instrumentation, and assistant access. The minimum operating table height is critical for successful access. Advantages of this position included increased posterior airway/operative space by approximately 2 cm, ability to manipulate the surgical field (nonrigid retraction), and improved visualization. Surgical procedures were completed in comparable times compared with standard TORS procedures. There were no complications related to seated TORS.ConclusionsTORS in the seated position was both safe and effective in this pilot study. It allows the surgeon to optimally operate in the inferior pharynx and larynx without the limitation of line of site access and visualization. A paradigm shift in patient positioning during TOS may allow improved surgical access and even greater patient candidacy. Further clinical investigation into this technique is warranted.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:122–126, 2017
Low 22‐item sinonasal outcome test scores in chronic rhinosinusitis: Why do patients seek treatment?
Authors: Levy Joshua M. , Mace Jess C. , Rudmik Luke , Soler Zachary M. , Smith Timothy L. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives/HypothesisPatients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) who experience minimal reductions in quality of life (QoL) may present for treatment despite QoL scores comparable to controls without CRS. This study seeks to identify cofactors influencing patients with CRS and low 22‐item Sinonasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22) scores to seek care.Study DesignProspective, multicenter, observational cohort.MethodsPatients with CRS were enrolled between April 2011 and September 2015. Patients with sinonasal mucocele or unilateral sinus opacification were excluded. Control subjects without CRS were enrolled for comparison. Low‐SNOT CRS was defined as a SNOT‐22 score < 20.ResultsA total of 774 subjects (low‐SNOT CRS, n = 38; high‐SNOT CRS, SNOT‐22 ≥ 20, n = 641; controls without CRS, n = 95) were enrolled. Low SNOT scores were identified in 6% of subjects with CRS. After adjustment, low‐SNOT CRS and control groups without CRS reported similar baseline average SNOT‐22 total scores (P = .879). Unexpectedly, compared to controls, low‐SNOT CRS patients had significantly better average psychological (2.1 ± 2.3 vs. 5.8 ± 6.0; P = .030) and sleep dysfunction (2.7 ± 3.4 vs. 6.0 ± 5.2; P = .016) scores. Fourteen of 38 (37%) low‐SNOT patients elected to undergo endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), with a significantly lower likelihood of reporting a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) when compared to high‐SNOT patients (43% vs. 82%; P < .001) after a mean follow‐up of ∼15 months.ConclusionsLow‐SNOT CRS patients represent an outlier population for which measures of QoL fail to identify factors influencing the decision to seek treatment. Low‐SNOT CRS patients electing ESS have a decreased likelihood of reporting MCIDs following ESS. Further study is required to identify novel factors associated with treatment‐seeking behavior in this population.Level of Evidence3B Laryngoscope, 127:22–28, 2017
Factors affecting revision rate of chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Koskinen Anni , Salo Riikka , Huhtala Heini , Myller Jyri , Rautiainen Markus , Kääriäinen Janne , Penttilä Matti , Renkonen Risto , Raitiola Hannu , Mäkelä Mika , Toppila‐Salmi Sanna 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveChronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a variable multifactorial disease. It can be divided into forms with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and without (CRSsNP). Sinus and/or nasal polypectomy surgery are considered if maximal conservative treatment is insufficient. The predictive factors of the need of revision surgery comprise mostly the CRSwNP phenotype and are not fully understood.Study DesignThe aim of this follow‐up study was to evaluate the factors associated with the revision surgery rate in CRS patients with variable extent of disease.MethodsData of CRS patients (N = 178) undergoing sinus surgery and/or nasal polypectomy in 2001 to 2010 were used. Patient characteristics and follow‐up data were collected from patient records and questionnaires. Associations were analyzed by Fisher's exact, Mann Whitney U, and the Kaplan‐Meier method with log‐rank test. Unadjusted Cox's proportional hazard models were used for 12 variables and were fitted for the need for revision sinus surgery and/or nasal polypectomy during follow‐up of in average 9 years.ResultsThe proportion of CRS patients who had undergone revision in 5 years was 9.6%. After adjustment, the following factors associated significantly with the need for recurrent CRS surgery: allergic rhinitis, corticosteroid treatment, previous surgery of CRS, and recurrent NP.ConclusionIncreased risk of progressive CRS phenotypes with the need for revision surgery would putatively be recognized by relatively simple clinical questions. Further studies with increased sample size are needed to evaluate whether these predictive factors would be relevant for developing better detection and management of progressive CRS.Level of Evidence2b.
Hyaluronic Acid Derivative with Improved Versatility for Processing and Biological Functionalization
Authors: Palumbo Fabio S. , Agnello Stefano , Fiorica Calogero , Pitarresi Giovanna , Puleio Roberto , Tamburello Anna , Loria Ruggero , Giammona Gaetano 
Published: July 2016

A hydrophobic/amino functionalized derivative of hyaluronic acid (HA‐EDA‐C18) has been processed by salt leaching technique as porous scaffold without need of chemical crosslinking. Aim of this work is to demonstrate the improved versatility of HA‐EDA‐C18 in terms of processing and biological functionalization. In particular, the chemical procedure to tether thiol bearing RGD peptide has been described. Moreover, the possibility to load and to control the release of slightly water soluble effectors has been demonstrated by using dexamethasone. First, the swelling and degradation profiles of the scaffolds have been investigated, then the evaluation of metabolic activity of bovine chondrocytes, the histological analysis, and microscope observations has been performed to evaluate cellular adhesion and proliferation as well as the production of collagen type II.image
Redox Reducible and Hydrolytically Degradable PEG–PLA Elastomers as Biomaterial for Temporary Drug‐Eluting Medical Devices
Authors: Rupnik Simona , Buwalda Sytze , Dejean Stéphane , Bethry Audrey , Garric Xavier , Coudane Jean , Nottelet Benjamin 
Published: July 2016

With the aim to develop biomaterials for temporary medical devices, a series of novel reducible and/or degradable elastomers has been prepared from PLA‐b‐PEG‐b‐PLA copolymers photo‐crosslinked with diallyl sulfide or pentaerythritol tetrakis(3‐mercaptopropionate). Thermal and mechanical properties, including elastic limit and Young modulus, are assessed. Degradation is then evaluated under standard hydrolytic conditions. Reducibility of a selected elastomer is then illustrated using 2‐mercaptoethanol or glutathione as reducing agents. The redox‐sensitivity of the selected elastomer and the possibility to modulate the degradability are shown. Considering drug‐eluting elastomeric devices applications, anti‐inflammatory drug ibuprofen loading is illustrated with the two simplest elastomer formulations. A rapid or slow linear release is observed as a function of the low or high molecular weight of the triblock pre‐polymers. Finally, the cytocompatibility of the degradable elastomers is assessed with regard to their potential to favor or inhibit L929 murine fibroblasts proliferation as a function of the hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity of the triblock copolymers.image
Explaining the Consequences of Imprisonment for Union Formation and Dissolution in Denmark
Authors: Fallesen Peter , Andersen Lars H. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCrime and subsequent imprisonment reduces men's chances on the marriage market and increases their divorce risk, but existing research, with a few notable exceptions, is silent about the underlying mechanisms driving these effects. This article studies the effect of home confinement under electronic monitoring as a noncustodial alternative to imprisonment on the risk of relationship dissolution and being single, thereby distinguishing between effects of incarceration and of committing crime. We study a policy that expanded the use of electronic monitoring to address nonrandom selection into electronic monitoring instead of in prison. Results from a sample of 4,522 men show that home confinement under electronic monitoring significantly and persistently lowers the risk both of being single and of becoming single during the first five years following conviction. The results show that one of the tools that could promote decarceration trends also secures better relationship outcomes of convicted men.
Cyclopentadithiophene based branched polymer electrets synthesized by friedel–crafts polymerization
Authors: Liu Zhengdong , Bao Yan , Ling Haifeng , Hu Hui , Ju Hao , Xie Linghai , Bian Linyi , Chang Yongzheng , Yi Mingdong , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn this report, the BF3·Et2O catalyzed Friedel–Crafts polymerization of cyclopentadithiophene monomers for branched conjugation‐interrupted polymer electrets with the potential application in OFET memories were demonstrated. Branched polycyclopentadithiophenes with controlled molecular weights (Mn) of approximately 8800 g/mol and narrow polydispersity index (PDI = 1.08–1.49) were obtained through the optimized polymerization temperature and time, and monomer addition strategy. OFET memories by using the synthesized polymers as the electret layers were fabricated and exhibited multilevel flash memory behaviors, wide memory windows, high on/off ratios, and long retention lifetime. Impressively, due to the strong hydrophobic, extended pi‐conjugation and electron‐donating properties, the branched polycyclopentadithiophene based OFET memory exhibited much lower programming voltage than other branched polymer electrets based devices. It is expected that the branched polycyclopentadithiophenes probably have potential application in other organic electronic devices. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 3140–3150
Proteomic characterization of platelet gel releasate from adult peripheral and cord blood
Authors: Longo Valentina , Rebulla Paolo , Pupella Simonetta , Zolla Lello , Rinalducci Sara 
Published: July 2016

PurposeActivated platelet gel (PG) derived from adult peripheral blood (APB) has been extensively used for topical therapy of various clinical conditions. Conversely, few observations on PG from umbilical cord blood (CB) have been reported so far. Although PG preparations are known to contain a high concentration of a large number of biological factors involved in inflammation and tissue repair, their comprehensive characterization is still missing. The innovative goal of our research was to use proteomics technologies in order to profile biologically active components in these blood derivatives.Experimental designSupernatants recovered from three independent APB and CB‐derived PGs, prepared using batroxobin, were enriched for low‐abundance proteins with ProteoMiner and subsequently analyzed by GeLC‐MS/MS.ResultsThe 751 and 760 proteins were identified in the APB and CB‐derived PG releasates, respectively. A core dataset including only proteins found in 2/3 and 3/3 biological replicates was generated and functionally characterized by gene ontology. Searching against Vesiclepedia database showed that 33% of our dataset consists of novel releasate proteins. Comparison between the two types of PG secretomes revealed that 117 proteins are present only in the APB‐derived samples, 104 proteins are distinctive of the CB‐derived samples, and 229 are in common.Conclusion and clinical relevanceOur study highlighted a differential content of proteins supporting tissue repair and regeneration between APB and CB‐derived PGs. These findings may help better identifying future appropriate clinical applications.
Cysteine redox proteomics of the hemoglobin‐depleted cytosolic fraction of stored red blood cells
Authors: Delobel Julien , Prudent Michel , Crettaz David , ElHajj Zeinab , Riederer Beat M. , Tissot Jean‐Daniel , Lion Niels 
Published: July 2016

PurposeErythrocyte concentrates (ECs) represent the most transfused labile blood products. They are stored at 4°C in additive solutions for up to 56 days. Protein oxidation is a marker of oxidative stress and cysteine residues, whose oxidations are required for physiological cell functions, are highly prone to such modification.Experimental designFive ECs from independent donations were followed. Soluble protein extracts were prepared at days 6, 27, and 41, and cysteines were alkylated, reduced, and labeled with infrared dyes. Samples were mixed two by two (day 6 as reference) and analyzed by 2D‐DIGE. Detection of labeled cysteines allows quantitative comparison of oxidative status. Spots of interest were analyzed by proteomics.ResultsThirty‐two spots containing 43 proteins were classified as increasing, decreasing, or exhibiting a peak of expression during storage. Proteins having catalytic and antioxidant activities were particularly affected during storage, for example, peroxiredoxin‐1 and DJ‐1 were reversibly oxidized and catalase was irreversibly oxidized. These proteins could be used to evaluate different storage strategies to maintain proper protein function during the overall storage period.Conclusions and clinical relevanceThis redox‐DIGE approach brings new quantitative data on oxidized proteins in stored red blood cells. As previously reported on carbonylation, the oxidative damages differently affect protein functions.
Halogenation of Arenes via an In situ Generated Hypohalous Acid from m‐CPBA and HX: Mechanistic Insights from Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Chen Chung‐Yu , Senadi Gopal Chandru , Liu Mei‐Chun , Wang Jeh‐Jeng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe direct halogenation of arenes under metal‐free condition has been developed via an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction through in situ generation of hypohalous acid from HX and m‐CPBA. The reactive halonium ion (X+) was generated from halide anion (X−) using m‐CPBA as an oxidant for the first time. This interesting finding has been supported by cyclic voltammetry studies. The notable features of this reaction are very short reaction time, diversified substrate scope for chlorination as well as bromination reaction, scalable, good reaction yield and mild reaction condition.
Coning motion stability of spinning missiles with strapdown seekers
Authors: He S. , Lin D. , Wang J. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the problem of coning motion stability of spinning missiles equipped with strapdown seekers. During model derivation, it is found that the scaling factor error between the strapdown seeker and the onboard gyro introduces an undesired parasitic loop in the guidance system and, therefore, results in stability issues. Through stability analysis, a sufficient and necessary condition for the stability of spinning missiles with strapdown seekers is proposed analytically. Theoretical and numerical results reveal that the scaling factor error, spinning rate and navigation ratio play important roles in stable regions of the guidance system. Consequently, autopilot gains must be checked carefully to satisfy the stability conditions.
Trilobites of the suborder Illaenina from the Silurian of north Queensland, Australia
Authors: Holloway David J. , Lane Philip D. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe trilobite fauna of the middle Silurian (Telychian to possibly earliest Sheinwoodian) Tomcat Creek limestone in the Broken River Province of north Queensland is dominated by the suborder Illaenina, including illaenimorphs (Illaeninae and Bumastinae) and members of the Scutelluidae. Scutelluidae are most diverse, with eight genera, of whichDolabrapex,Iotoryx,Perizostra, andQuintoniaare new.Perizostrais the first scutelluid with a cephalon that may be described as of phacomorph appearance. Illaenimorphs are represented by three genera, includingOpsypharus, which is regarded as a senior synonym ofParacybantyxbut distinct fromFailleanawith which it has been placed in synonymy by some authors. Thirteen species are new:Cybantyx?ergodes,Opsypharus pandanensis,Australoscutellum talenti,Dolabrapex acomus,Illaenoscutellum psephos,Iotoryx clarksoni,Japonoscutellum mawsonae,J. drakton,J. fractum,Kosovopeltis avita,Perizostra campbelli,Quintonia arata, andQ. pavo. A species ofStenopariais placed in open nomenclature. The species ofAustraloscutellum,Illaenoscutellum, and possiblyKosovopeltisare the oldest known representatives of those genera. These genera andJaponoscutellumare also common in faunas from limestones of Wenlock to Ludlow age in central western New South Wales, reflecting the similarity in lithofacies. The monotypic Late Ordovician genusCraigheadia, which has been regarded as a scutelluid, belongs to the Lichidae and is probably a junior synonym ofLeiolichas.
Approximate Estimation of the Passage Vorticity in the Secondary Flow Behind A Cascade
Authors: Soundranayagam S. 
Published: July 2016

Expressions for the secondary circulation behind a cascade are derived in Ref. 1. A simple derivation of the same results is given in Ref. 2. The secondary flows within the blade passages and their extensions downstream are determined by the “secondary passage circulation”, Г, given byfor a diffusing cascade, andfor an accelerating cascade,where Ul inlet velocity to cascadez distance in spanwise directions blade pitchαl, inlet flow angleα2 outlet flow angleLl, distance along lower side of aerofoilL2 distance along upper side of aerofoilq1 velocity along lower side of aerofoilqu velocity along upper side of aerofoil.
Thrust Reversal for Jet Aircraft
Authors: Colley R. H. 
Published: July 2016

Several years ago it became apparent that there was a need for some means of reversing the thrust of jet engines on landing—the equivalent of reversing pitch propellers on piston and turbo-prop engines.Many different designs were investigated on the drawing-board, with experimental backing in some cases, and when the best configurations had crystallised detail work started on a reverser for the Avon engine. While this was being developed a second design, identical in its main principle but different in many small ways, was prepared for the Conway engine.
Some Factors Affecting the Choice of Materials
Authors: Heath W. G. 
Published: July 2016

For the purpose of this paper, certain fundamental parameters are assumed to be outside the control of the structures designer. It is, however, realised that the designer is often able to show that small changes in one or more of these parameters may have far-reaching effects.These basic parameters include the aircraft size, weight, operating speed and altitude, aerodynamic characteristics and load factors. Fig. 1 shows how these combine together in various ways to give the loads acting on the structure, the temperature environment and the stiffness required to prevent aeroelastic disturbances.
The Pilot's Problems
Authors: Prowse Captain B. O. 
Published: July 2016

When considering the problems of take-off and landing from the pilot's point of view, the most important fact to remember is that he is a human being. This drawback immediately limits his capabilities in the operation of an aeroplane because the control of a pilot's actions is through the computer we call the brain. This computer, although extremely efficient in almost all functions, has nevertheless serious limitations when it comes, first, to speed of computation, and secondly, the number of functions it can compute at one time.Until now the speed of operation of aircraft has been compatible with the speed of computation of the human brain that is governing the pilot's reactions. Also the size and complexity of the aircraft and the operation have been compatible with the number of functions the brain can compute at one time
The Human Engineering Approach
Authors: Coombes L. P. 
Published: July 2016

I claim to have no expert knowledge on landing aids, but the Aeronautical Research Laboratories in Australia have done some work in this field. We were invited, or encouraged, to take up this branch of work by a Meeting of the Commonwealth Advisory Aeronautical Research Council in Australia in 1955, when the difficulties of the landing phase and the need for some form of aid for the pilot were emphasised.I need say nothing about the difficulties of the pilot: they have already been amply emphasised. An early example of operational research in this field was an investigation made by Professor Collar in 1941 on the problem of the dark night take-off, when the pilot tends to mistake forward acceleration for a climb in the absence of sufficient external visual cues.
Operational Problems in South Africa: The Regulatory Authority's Approach
Authors: Roux Dr. A. J. A. 
Published: July 2016

Before any aircraft type is granted a certificate of airworthiness its performance characteristics are accurately determined and, for large aircraft at least, scheduled in an approved flight manual. Superimposed on these data are certain basic performance criteria which usually limit the operational weight with altitude and temperature, and these limitations apply under all operating conditions.In order to ensure a satisfactory level of safety for daily operation under varying conditions it is necessary to apply an operations code which takes into account other parameters such as :(a) runway surface, gradient and length,(b) obstructions in the take-off and landing flight paths,(c) obstructions en route.