bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Becoming a more mindful practitioner: the effectiveness of a Mindfulness-based CBT course in meeting training needs for clinical staff in adult mental health Urgent Care services
Authors: Moorhead Cate , Winfield Jill , Freeston Mark H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper describes a service development which arose from an adult mental health inpatient ward team who wanted to be able to work more effectively to help patients who had major difficulties with emotion regulation. It was proposed that enhancing mindfulness through a Mindfulness-based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) programme within the core staff team would enhance therapeutic milieu and therefore general outcomes associated with engagement and recovery. The training delivered was an adapted 8-week MBCT programme. A double baseline design was used with measures taken at 1 month before training and immediately before the programme started. Standardized and non-standardized measures were administered at pre-, mid-, post-, and 1-month follow-up points. Workshops and interviews supported the investigation of staff experience and impact of MBCT training. Participants in the training were nursing and occupational therapy staff. The trainer was the first author (C.M.), who is a cognitive behavioural therapist and mindfulness teacher at Newcastle Cognitive and Behavioural Therapies Centre, specializing in emotion regulation and stabilization. Results showed that staff reported a significant increase in mindfulness which had a positive impact upon their wellbeing and perceived ability to respond skilfully to challenging situations at work and at home. Gains were mostly in the first half of training but were maintained to the end and to follow-up. This adapted mindfulness training course appeared to be effective in meeting the need for a group of clinical staff to develop mindfulness. The potential impact upon patient engagement has been identified but further research into this area is indicated.
Systematic selection of small molecules to promote differentiation of embryonic stem cells and experimental validation for generating cardiomyocytes
Authors: KalantarMotamedi Y , Peymani M , Baharvand H , Nasr-Esfahani M H , Bender A 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSmall molecules are being increasingly used for inducing the targeted differentiation of stem cells to different cell types. However, until now no systematic method for selecting suitable small molecules for this purpose has been presented. In this work, we propose an integrated and general bioinformatics- and cheminformatics-based approach for selecting small molecules which direct cellular differentiation in the desired way. The approach was successfully experimentally validated for differentiating stem cells into cardiomyocytes. All predicted compounds enhanced expression of cardiac progenitor (Gata4, Nkx2-5 and Mef2c) and mature cardiac markers (Actc1, myh6) significantly during and post-cardiac progenitor formation. The best-performing compound, Famotidine, increased the percentage of Myh6-positive cells from 33 to 56%, and enhanced the expression of Nkx2.5 and Tnnt2 cardiac progenitor and cardiac markers in protein level. The approach employed in the study is applicable to all other stem cell differentiation settings where gene expression data are available.
Rapid radiation in bacteria leads to a division of labour
Authors: Kim Wook , Levy Stuart B. , Foster Kevin R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe division of labour is a central feature of the most sophisticated biological systems, including genomes, multicellular organisms and societies, which took millions of years to evolve. Here we show that a well-organized and robust division of labour can evolve in a matter of days. Mutants emerge within bacterial colonies and work with the parent strain to gain new territory. The two strains self-organize in space: one provides a wetting polymer at the colony edge, whereas the other sits behind and pushes them both along. The emergence of the interaction is repeatable, bidirectional and only requires a single mutation to alter production of the intracellular messenger, cyclic-di-GMP. Our work demonstrates the power of the division of labour to rapidly solve biological problems without the need for long-term evolution or derived sociality. We predict that the division of labour will evolve frequently in microbial populations, where rapid genetic diversification is common.
Agriculture causes nitrate fertilization of remote alpine lakes
Authors: Hundey E. J. , Russell S. D. , Longstaffe F. J. , Moser K. A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHumans have altered Earth’s nitrogen cycle so dramatically that reactive nitrogen (Nr) has doubled. This has increased Nr in aquatic ecosystems, which can lead to reduced water quality and ecosystem health. Apportioning sources of Nr to specific ecosystems, however, continues to be challenging, despite this knowledge being critical for mitigation and protection of water resources. Here we useΔ17O,δ18O andδ15N from Uinta Mountain (Utah, USA) snow, inflow and lake nitrate in combination with a Bayesian-based stable isotope mixing model, to show that at least 70% of nitrates in aquatic systems are anthropogenic and arrive via the atmosphere. Moreover, agricultural activities, specifically nitrate- and ammonium-based fertilizer use, are contributing most (∼60%) Nr, and data from other North American alpine lakes suggest this is a widespread phenomenon. Our findings offer a pathway towards more effective mitigation, but point to challenges in balancing food production with protection of important water resources.
Mechanical evidence that Australopithecus sediba was limited in its ability to eat hard foods
Authors: Ledogar Justin A. , Smith Amanda L. , Benazzi Stefano , Weber Gerhard W. , Spencer Mark A. , Carlson Keely B. , McNulty Kieran P. , Dechow Paul C. , Grosse Ian R. , Ross Callum F. , Richmond Brian G. , Wright Barth W. , Wang Qian , Byron Craig , Carlson Kristian J. , de Ruiter Darryl J. , Berger Lee R. , Tamvada Kelli , Pryor Leslie C. , Berthaume Michael A. , Strait David S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAustralopithecus sediba has been hypothesized to be a close relative of the genus Homo. Here we show that MH1, the type specimen of A. sediba, was not optimized to produce high molar bite force and appears to have been limited in its ability to consume foods that were mechanically challenging to eat. Dental microwear data have previously been interpreted as indicating that A. sediba consumed hard foods, so our findings illustrate that mechanical data are essential if one aims to reconstruct a relatively complete picture of feeding adaptations in extinct hominins. An implication of our study is that the key to understanding the origin of Homo lies in understanding how environmental changes disrupted gracile australopith niches. Resulting selection pressures led to changes in diet and dietary adaption that set the stage for the emergence of our genus.
Genome-wide association study identifies multiple susceptibility loci for craniofacial microsomia
Authors: Zhang Yong-Biao , Hu Jintian , Zhang Jiao , Zhou Xu , Li Xin , Gu Chaohao , Liu Tun , Xie Yangchun , Liu Jiqiang , Gu Mingliang , Wang Panpan , Wu Tingting , Qian Jin , Wang Yue , Dong Xiaoqun , Yu Jun , Zhang Qingguo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCraniofacial microsomia (CFM) is a rare congenital anomaly that involves immature derivatives from the first and second pharyngeal arches. The genetic pathogenesis of CFM is still unclear. Here we interrogate 0.9 million genetic variants in 939 CFM cases and 2,012 controls from China. After genotyping of an additional 443 cases and 1,669 controls, we identify 8 significantly associated loci with the most significant SNP rs13089920 (logistic regression P=2.15 × 10−120) and 5 suggestive loci. The above 13 associated loci, harboured by candidates of ROBO1, GATA3, GBX2, FGF3, NRP2, EDNRB, SHROOM3, SEMA7A, PLCD3, KLF12 and EPAS1, are found to be enriched for genes involved in neural crest cell (NCC) development and vasculogenesis. We then perform whole-genome sequencing on 21 samples from the case cohort, and identify several novel loss-of-function mutations within the associated loci. Our results provide new insights into genetic background of craniofacial microsomia.
Common electronic origin of superconductivity in (Li,Fe)OHFeSe bulk superconductor and single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films
Authors: Zhao Lin , Liang Aiji , Yuan Dongna , Hu Yong , Liu Defa , Huang Jianwei , He Shaolong , Shen Bing , Xu Yu , Liu Xu , Yu Li , Liu Guodong , Zhou Huaxue , Huang Yulong , Dong Xiaoli , Zhou Fang , Liu Kai , Lu Zhongyi , Zhao Zhongxian , Chen Chuangtian , Xu Zuyan , Zhou X. J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity in the iron-based superconductors remains an outstanding issue in condensed matter physics. The electronic structure plays an essential role in dictating superconductivity. Recent revelation of distinct electronic structure and high-temperature superconductivity in the single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films provides key information on the role of Fermi surface topology and interface in inducing or enhancing superconductivity. Here we report high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission measurements on the electronic structure and superconducting gap of an FeSe-based superconductor, (Li0.84Fe0.16)OHFe0.98Se, with a Tc at 41 K. We find that this single-phase bulk superconductor shows remarkably similar electronic behaviours to that of the superconducting single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films in terms of Fermi surface topology, band structure and the gap symmetry. These observations provide new insights in understanding high-temperature superconductivity in the single-layer FeSe/SrTiO3 films and the mechanism of superconductivity in the bulk iron-based superconductors.
Optogenetic control of nuclear protein export
Authors: Niopek Dominik , Wehler Pierre , Roensch Julia , Eils Roland , Di Ventura Barbara 
Published: February 2016

AbstractActive nucleocytoplasmic transport is a key mechanism underlying protein regulation in eukaryotes. While nuclear protein import can be controlled in space and time with a portfolio of optogenetic tools, protein export has not been tackled so far. Here we present a light-inducible nuclear export system (LEXY) based on a single, genetically encoded tag, which enables precise spatiotemporal control over the export of tagged proteins. A constitutively nuclear, chromatin-anchored LEXY variant expands the method towards light inhibition of endogenous protein export by sequestering cellular CRM1 receptors. We showcase the utility of LEXY for cell biology applications by regulating a synthetic repressor as well as human p53 transcriptional activity with light. LEXY is a powerful addition to the optogenetic toolbox, allowing various novel applications in synthetic and cell biology.
Lysophosphatidic acid activates Arf6 to promote the mesenchymal malignancy of renal cancer
Authors: Hashimoto Shigeru , Mikami Shuji , Sugino Hirokazu , Yoshikawa Ayumu , Hashimoto Ari , Onodera Yasuhito , Furukawa Shotaro , Handa Haruka , Oikawa Tsukasa , Okada Yasunori , Oya Mototsugu , Sabe Hisataka 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAcquisition of mesenchymal properties by cancer cells is critical for their malignant behaviour, but regulators of the mesenchymal molecular machinery and how it is activated remain elusive. Here we show that clear cell renal cell carcinomas (ccRCCs) frequently utilize the Arf6-based mesenchymal pathway to promote invasion and metastasis, similar to breast cancers. In breast cancer cells, ligand-activated receptor tyrosine kinases employ GEP100 to activate Arf6, which then recruits AMAP1; and AMAP1 then binds to the mesenchymal-specific protein EPB41L5, which promotes epithelial–mesenchymal transition and focal adhesion dynamics. In renal cancer cells, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activates Arf6 via its G-protein-coupled receptors, in which GTP-Gα12 binds to EFA6. The Arf6-based pathway may also contribute to drug resistance. Our results identify a specific mesenchymal molecular machinery of primary ccRCCs, which is triggered by a product of autotaxin and it is associated with poor outcome of patients.
Noise Reduction in Complex Biological Switches
Authors: Cardelli Luca , Csikász-Nagy Attila , Dalchau Neil , Tribastone Mirco , Tschaikowski Max 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCells operate in noisy molecular environments via complex regulatory networks. It is possible to understand how molecular counts are related to noise in specific networks, but it is not generally clear how noise relates to network complexity, because different levels of complexity also imply different overall number of molecules. For a fixed function, does increased network complexity reduce noise, beyond the mere increase of overall molecular counts? If so, complexity could provide an advantage counteracting the costs involved in maintaining larger networks. For that purpose, we investigate how noise affects multistable systems, where a small amount of noise could lead to very different outcomes; thus we turn to biochemical switches. Our method for comparing networks of different structure and complexity is to place them in conditions where they produce exactly the same deterministic function. We are then in a good position to compare their noise characteristics relatively to their identical deterministic traces. We show that more complex networks are better at coping with both intrinsic and extrinsic noise. Intrinsic noise tends to decrease with complexity and extrinsic noise tends to have less impact. Our findings suggest a new role for increased complexity in biological networks, at parity of function.
Significant improvements in InGaN/GaN nano-photoelectrodes for hydrogen generation by structure and polarization optimization
Authors: Tao Tao , Zhi Ting , Liu Bin , Li Mingxue , Zhuang Zhe , Dai Jiangping , Li Yi , Jiang Fulong , Luo Wenjun , Xie Zili , Chen Dunjun , Chen Peng , Li Zhaosheng , Zou Zhigang , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe photoelectrodes based on III-nitride semiconductors with high energy conversion efficiency especially for those self-driven ones are greatly desirable for hydrogen generation. In this study, highly ordered InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well nanorod-based photoelectrodes have been fabricated by a soft UV-curing nano-imprint lithography and a top-down etching technique, which improve the incident photon conversion efficiency (IPCE) from 16% (planar structure) to 42% (@ wavelength = 400 nm). More significantly, the turn-on voltage is reduced low to −0.6 V, which indicates the possibility of achieving self-driven. Furthermore, SiO2/Si3N4 dielectric distributed Bragg reflectors are employed to further improve the IPCE up to 60%. And the photocurrent (@ 1.1 V) is enhanced from 0.37 mA/cm2 (original planar structure) to 1.5 mA/cm2. These improvements may accelerate the possible applications for hydrogen generation with high energy-efficiency.
Role of the Pinning Points in epitaxial Graphene Moiré Superstructures on the Pt(111) Surface
Authors: Martínez José I. , Merino Pablo , Pinardi Anna L. , Gonzalo Otero-Irurueta , López María F. , Méndez Javier , Martín-Gago José A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe intrinsic atomic mechanisms responsible for electronic doping of epitaxial graphene Moirés on transition metal surfaces is still an open issue. To better understand this process we have carried out a first-principles full characterization of the most representative Moiré superstructures observed on the Gr/Pt(111) system and confronted the results with atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. We find that for all reported Moirés the system relaxes inducing a non-negligible atomic corrugation both, at the graphene and at the outermost platinum layer. Interestingly, a mirror “anti-Moiré” reconstruction appears at the substrate, giving rise to the appearance ofpinning-points. We show that these points are responsible for the development of the superstructure, while charge from the Pt substrate is injected into the graphene, inducing a localn-doping, mostly localized at these specificpinning-pointpositions.
Emotional states as mediators between tinnitus loudness and tinnitus distress in daily life: Results from the “TrackYourTinnitus” application
Authors: Probst Thomas , Pryss Rüdiger , Langguth Berthold , Schlee Winfried 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe psychological process how tinnitus loudness leads to tinnitus distress remains unclear. This cross-sectional study investigated the mediating role of the emotional state “stress level” and of the two components of the emotional state “arousal” and “valence” with N = 658 users of the “TrackYourTinnitus” smartphone application. Stress mediated the relationship between tinnitus loudness and tinnitus distress in a simple mediation model and even in a multiple mediation model when arousal and valence were held constant. Arousal mediated the loudness-distress relationship when holding valence constant, but not anymore when controlling for valence as well as for stress. Valence functioned as a mediator when controlling for arousal and even when holding arousal and stress constant. The direct effect of tinnitus loudness on tinnitus distress remained significant in all models. This study demonstrates that emotional states affect the process how tinnitus loudness leads to tinnitus distress. We thereby could show that the mediating influence of emotional valence is at least equally strong as the influence of stress. Implications of the findings for future research, assessment and clinical management of tinnitus are discussed.
Extracellular matrix stiffness dictates Wnt expression through integrin pathway
Authors: Du Jing , Zu Yan , Li Jing , Du Shuyuan , Xu Yipu , Zhang Lang , Jiang Li , Wang Zhao , Chien Shu , Yang Chun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIt is well established that extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness plays a significant role in regulating the phenotypes and behaviors of many cell types. However, the mechanism underlying the sensing of mechanical cues and subsequent elasticity-triggered pathways remains largely unknown. We observed that stiff ECM significantly enhanced the expression level of several members of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in both bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and primary chondrocytes. The activation of β-catenin by stiff ECM is not dependent on Wnt signals but is elevated by the activation of integrin/ focal adhesion kinase (FAK) pathway. The accumulated β-catenin then bound to the wnt1 promoter region to up-regulate the gene transcription, thus constituting a positive feedback of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. With the amplifying effect of positive feedback, this integrin-activated β-catenin/Wnt pathway plays significant roles in mediating the enhancement of Wnt signal on stiff ECM and contributes to the regulation of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation and primary chondrocyte phenotype maintenance. The present integrin-regulated Wnt1 expression and signaling contributes to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of cell behaviors by ECM elasticity.
Iron Pyrite/Titanium Dioxide Photoanode for Extended Near Infrared Light Harvesting in a Photoelectrochemical Cell
Authors: Wang Di-Yan , Li Cheng-Hung , Li Shao-Sian , Kuo Tsung-Rong , Tsai Chin-Ming , Chen Tin-Reui , Wang Ying-Chiao , Chen Chun-Wei , Chen Chia-Chun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe design of active and stable semiconducting composites with enhanced photoresponse from visible light to near infrared (NIR) is a key to improve solar energy harvesting for photolysis of water in photoelectrochemical cell. In this study, we prepared earth abundant semiconducting composites consisting of iron pyrite and Titanium oxide as a photoanode (FeS2/TiO2 photoanode) for photoelectrochemical applications. The detailed structure and atomic compositions of FeS2/TiO2 photoanode was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma with atomic emission spectroscopy (ICPAES) and Raman spectroscopy. Through the proper sulfurization treatment, the FeS2/TiO2 photoanode exhibited high photoresponse from visible light extended to near infrared range (900 nm) as well as stable durability test for 4 hours. We found that the critical factors to enhance the photoresponse are on the elimination of surface defect of FeS2 and on the enhancement of interface charge transfer between FeS2 and TiO2. Our overall results open a route for the design of sulfur-based binary compounds for photoelectrochemical applications.
Production of Human papillomavirus pseudovirions in plants and their use in pseudovirion-based neutralisation assays in mammalian cells
Authors: Lamprecht Renate L , Kennedy Paul , Huddy Suzanne M , Bethke Susanne , Hendrikse Megan , Hitzeroth Inga I , Rybicki Edward P 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) cause cervical cancer and have recently also been implicated in mouth, laryngeal and anogenital cancers. There are three commercially available prophylactic vaccines that show good efficacy; however, efforts to develop second-generation vaccines that are more affordable, stable and elicit a wider spectrum of cross-neutralising immunity are still ongoing. Testing antisera elicited by current and candidate HPV vaccines for neutralizing antibodies is done using a HPV pseudovirion (PsV)-based neutralisation assay (PBNA). PsVs are produced by transfection of mammalian cell cultures with plasmids expressing L1 and L2 capsid proteins and a reporter gene plasmid, a highly expensive process. We investigated making HPV-16 PsVs in plants, in order to develop a cheaper alternative. The secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene and promoter were cloned into a geminivirus-derived plant expression vector, in order to produce circular dsDNA replicons. This was co-introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana plants with vectors expressing L1 and L2 via agroinfiltration and presumptive PsVs were purified. The PsVs contained DNA and could be successfully used for PBNA with anti-HPV antibodies. This is the first demonstration of the production of mammalian pseudovirions in plants and the first demonstration of the potential of plants to make DNA vaccines.
Easily doped p-type, low hole effective mass, transparent oxides
Authors: Sarmadian Nasrin , Saniz Rolando , Partoens Bart , Lamoen Dirk 
Published: February 2016

AbstractFulfillment of the promise of transparent electronics has been hindered until now largely by the lack of semiconductors that can be doped p-type in a stable way and that at the same time present high hole mobility and are highly transparent in the visible spectrum. Here, a high-throughput study based on first-principles methods reveals four oxides, namely X2SeO2, with X = La, Pr, Nd and Gd, which are unique in that they exhibit excellent characteristics for transparent electronic device applications – i.e., a direct band gap larger than 3.1 eV, an average hole effective mass below the electron rest mass and good p-type dopability. Furthermore, for La2SeO2 it is explicitly shown that Na impurities substituting La are shallow acceptors in moderate to strong anion-rich growth conditions, with low formation energy and that they will not be compensated by anion vacancies VO or VSe.