bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Properties, Microstructure and Phase Composition of Thin Magnetron Sputtered TWIP Steel Foils
Authors: Kovac J. , Mehner A. , Köhler B. , Clausen B. , Zoch H.-W. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Some high manganese austenitic steels show extraordinarily high ductility due to twinning induced plasticity (TWIP). The TWIP-effect is based on the formation of crystal twins in the austenitic lattice structure as a response to mechanical strain resulting in an extraordinary high ductility. Therefore, TWIP steels are very interesting for forming processes like deep drawing. Within the collaborative research center 747 (SFB 747 “Mikrokaltumformung”) of the German Research Foundation (DFG), micro-components are produced by deep drawing from thin metal foils with thicknesses from 20 μm to 50 μm. The production of such foils by conventional methods as multiple rolling processes of cast sheets is very time consuming since the initial defect free crystal lattice has to be recovered repeatedly by heat treatments after each rolling process to reach a final foil thickness below 50 μm. In the present work, physical vapor deposition (PVD) by DC magnetron sputtering was used as an alternative way to produce thin (≈ 15 μm) TWIP steel foils. An iron based alloy with 25 mass % manganese, 3 mass % silicon and 3 mass % aluminum was deposited onto 100 μm copper foils. After the deposition process the copper substrate foils were removed by selective etching without affecting the resulting TWIP steel films. Microstructure, phase contents and mechanical properties of the resulting PVD-X5MnAlSi25-3-3 TWIP-steel foils were characterized as a function of post annealing conditions. Additionally, the influence of the roughness of the copper substrate foils on the mechanical properties of the resulting PVD-TWIP steel foils was investigated.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical and Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Alumina Filled Polypropylene Composites Using Injection Molding Process
Authors: Kumar D. , Dangayach G. S. , Rao P. N. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the present study, Polypropylene composites were fabricated by varying different weight percentages (0 to 20%) of alumina powder by using Injection Molding Technique. Then the fabricated composites were characterized by physical characterization such as void content test, chemical characterization such as Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, mechanical characterization such as Shore hardness test, flexural test, compressive strength, Izod impact test, thermo-mechanical characterizations such as Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, Thermo-gravimetric analysis and morphological characterizations such as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic force Microscopy (AFM). The results indicate that the shore hardness values increase up to 25% with the increase in alumina filler up to 20%. The highest flexural strength and flexural modulus achieved are 59.26 MPa and 2126 MPa respectively with 20% filler loading. Further, it was also revealed that the storage modulus of the composites was found to be higher than that of the virgin PP because filler increases the stiffness of the composites. Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements indicate that both the initial degradation temperature and end degradation temperature increase with increasing filler content. SEM exhibits that alumina particles were uniformly and finely dispersed though some aggregates and agglomerates are identifiable. AFM results indicate that morphology of alumina in the PP matrix is characterized by a chainlike branched structure.
Mechanical Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane as a Function of the Amount and Type of Crosslinking Agent
Authors: Verheyen F. , Giesen R.-U. , Heim H.-P. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this investigation, a high-consistency rubber (HCR) was mixed with five different, typically used crosslinking agents that are based on organic peroxide. Furthermore, the amount of crosslinking agent was varied in order to quantify the effect on the mechanical properties. All materials were processed in a hot pressing process, and, subsequently, post-cured. The properties were characterized by the measurement of the swelling ratio, shore A-hardness, rebound resilience and tensile test. We successfully proved that the swelling ratio is a suitable indicator for the evaluation of the crosslinking density of silicone rubber. The results show that the crosslinking density increases as the amount of crosslinking agent increases. The hardness, rebound resilience, and stress at 100% elongation increase as the crosslinking agent does. In contrast, the ultimate elongation decreases as the crosslinking density rises. The absolute values depend on the type of crosslinking agent used. The most commonly used crosslinking agent for high-consistency rubber is Di(2.4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide. We were able to verify that there are more possible curing agents based on organic peroxides on the market. Depending on the required properties, customized silicone elastomers could be easily produced.
Numerical Investigation of Effect of Rotor Phase Angle in Partially-Filled Rubber Mixing
Authors: Das S. R. , Poudyal H. , Chandy A. J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Among several operational parameters such as rotor speed, fill factor and ram pressure, the orientation of the mixing rotors with respect to each other plays a significant role in the mixing performance. An understanding of the flow field and mixing characteristics associated with the orientations of the rotors will help in obtaining a final product with a better quality. For that purpose three phase angle orientations: 45°, 90° and 180° are investigated here in a 75% filled chamber with two rotors counter-rotating at an even speed of 20 min–1. Two dimensional, transient, isothermal, incompressible simulations are carried out using a CFD code. While an Eulerian multiphase method was used to solve for the transport variables in the two phases: rubber and air, the volume of fluid (VOF) method was used to solve for the interface between the two phases. A non-Newtonian Carreau-Yasuda model was used to characterize rubber. Massless particles were injected in the domain to calculate statistical quantities in order to assess dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics associated with rotor orientations. The flow field is analyzed via pressure and velocity contours. Dispersive mixing was analyzed through histograms of mixing index and cumulative probability distribution functions of maximum shear stress experienced by the particles. Distributive mixing was quantified statistically using cluster distribution index and interchamber material transfer. The phase angle of 180° was found to perform the best in terms of both dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics.
Analysis of Models Predicting Morphology Transitions in Reactive Twin-Screw Extrusion of Bio-Based Polyester/Polyamide Blends
Authors: Gug J.-I. , Tan B. , Soule J. , Downie M. , Barrington J. , Sobkowicz M. J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Immiscible PLA/PA11 of 80/20 and 50/50 wt% were compatibilized through addition of p-toluenesulfonic acid (TsOH) catalyst in reactive ultra-high speed twin-screw extrusion. Two mixing screw designs were compared for their ability to disperse the PA11 droplets in the PLA matrix as a function of screw speed up to 2000 rpm. The size and polydispersity of droplets of dispersed PA11 decreased when a high shear (HS) screw was used, whereas broad droplet size distribution was produced in the low shear (LS) screw. Two models predicting the droplet size dependence on shear rate, viscosity ratio and interfacial tension were fit to the experimental data. The Serpe model including volume fraction effects produced a better fit compared to the Wu model, which does not include volume fraction effects. Mechanical testing indicated that the compatibility of PLA/PA11 blends was improved through addition of TsOH catalyst for 50/50 wt% blends due to ester – amide exchange reactions at the interfaces in the immiscible PLA and PA11 phases. The enhancement of ductility was greater after processing with the LS screw configuration than the HS screw configuration. The inferior properties after high shear mixing were likely due to molecular weight degradation during processing. While the aggressive shear in the HS screw design resulted in fine dispersion, care should be taken to minimize degradation, especially for shear sensitive polymers.
Approaches to the (Beckett) Archives: Popper, Coetzee, and Scientific Validity
Authors: Uhlmann Anthony 
Published: June 2017

This paper concerns the nature of the archive and the kinds of statements that might be drawn from our interaction with the archive. In the first part, Karl Popper's concept of ‘falsifiability’ is examined, particularly insofar as it features in Nabokov criticism (via Brian Boyd) and in Beckett studies (through Matthew Feldman). Falsifiability brings with it the authority of science, which Feldman uses to challenge certain kinds of Beckett-based orthodoxies – such things as the unquestioned centrality of Descartes to the work, and the (perceived) imprecision of theory-driven readings. One of Feldman's key claims, with regard to the archives of Beckett studies, is that Beckett only read and studied philosophy between 1928–1938. But although his argument begins from empirical evidence, it further develops interpretations based on a reading of this evidence. These interpretations thus involve presuppositions with regard to how Beckett might have worked with or attacked ideas otherwise developed by philosophers. In the second part, a counter-approach to the use of the archive is examined, via the readings that J. M. Coetzee developed in writing his 1969 dissertation, The English Fiction of Samuel Beckett: An Essay in Stylistic Analysis. This example demonstrates both the value and limits of a quantifiable scientific approach to an analysis of the archives (in particular, to Coetzee's use of the methods of stylostatistics) as well as exemplifying how an approach to the archives might generate other benefits (in this case related to Coetzee's own fiction and its extension into the archival space). That is, Coetzee offers different answers to the question of how one might approach the archive and what might thereby be achieved. These answers gave him unquantifiable insights into the writing process and left him with questions he could pursue in his own writings.
Les couteaux angkoriens de Trapeang Thlok et de Prasat Trapeang Ropou
Authors: Bâty Pierre 
Published: June 2017

Pierre Bâty
“The Angkorian knives from Trapeang Thlok and Prasat Trapeang Ropou”
A group of iron knives dated to the 10th and 11th century CE was recently brought to light in Cambodia during archaeological excavations in the Angkor region and on the Phnom Kulen. Restoration work was carried out in France over four knife blades from these archaeological contexts. During the process, leather sheaths were found to have been preserved thanks to their impregnation by iron oxide. This essay provides a first attempt at building up a typology based on the very few contemporary finds of iron knives and from their representations at Angkor Vat and the Bayon. The use of leather during the Angkorian period appears never to have been documented so far by archaeologists. This discovery should restrain some preconceived notions about the “permanence of forms” of various kinds of tools. It also poses the question of the status of such tools: were they ostentatious, military, personal?
The Manifestation of the Absolute in the Phenomenal World: Nature Origination in Huayan Exegesis
Authors: Hamar Imre 
Published: June 2017

Imre Hamar
“The Manifestation of the Absolute in the Phenomenal World: Nature Origination in Huayan Exegesis”
The concept of nature origination is a very important contribution made by Huayan Buddhism to the development of East Asian Buddhist philosophy. In this article we will discuss the meaning of this term in the Avataṃsaka-sūtra and the way in which Huayan exegetes interpreted it in their commentaries on this scripture. The chapter Manifestation of the Tathāgata of the Avataṃsaka-sūtra, where the term “nature origination” is found, describes the Tathāgata's appearance in the phenomenal world for the benefit of living beings. In addition, it declares that all sentient beings are endowed with the Tathāgata's wisdom. It will be shown that in the Huayan exegesis both aspects are taken into consideration, with special emphasis on Buddha-nature inherent in sentient beings and detached from cultivation. Under the influence of the religious and social environment the understanding of nature origination went through considerable changes during the history of Huayan Buddhism.
Les Yasodharàsrama, marqueurs d'empire et bornes sacrées : conformité et spécificité des stèles digraphiques khmères de la région de Vat Phu
Authors: Estève Julia , Soutif Dominique 
Published: June 2017

L'épigraphie de Yasovarman Ier commémore la création, par ce roi, d'une centaine d''àsrama dans l'ensemble de son empire. Pourtant, malgré leur importance manifeste, nous serions bien en peine d'identifier ces lieux sans doute essentiellement construits en matériaux légers, s'ils n'étaient signalés par des inscriptions qui célèbrent leur fondation
- les stèles digraphiques -, dont seize ont été identifiées à ce jour. Nous nous intéresserons ici à deux d'entre-elles qui proviennent de la région de Vat Phu : une stèle complète découverte dans le sanctuaire de Houay Tomo (K. 362) et deux groupes de fragments découverts, à proximité de Vat Phu, à trente ans d'intervalle, dont on démontrera qu'ils appartiennent à une même stèle (K. 1005). Une fois reconstitué, le texte permet d'associer l'àsrama au dieu de Vat Phu, Bhadresvara. L'étude de ces textes, et notamment de leur spécificité par rapport aux autres stèles digraphiques, nous permettra de souligner l'importance de ces institutions religieuses, en particulier leur rôle de vecteur de transmission du pouvoir royal à un moment clé de la constitution de l'empire khmer. Enfin, nous verrons que ces àsrama étaient associés à des sanctuaires vénérables, dont bien souvent, la fondation remonte au moins à la période préangkorienne. Partant de ce constat et des différents rôles assignés aux àsrama, nous nous attacherons à montrer en quoi la connaissance de ces fondations permettra, à terme, de dresser une carte tant politique que religieuse de l'empire khmer à la fin du IXe siècle.
Gravestones and candi stones. Reflections on the grave complex of Troloyo
Authors: Sidomulyo Hadi 
Published: June 2017

Cet article concerne le vaste complexe funéraire de Troloyo, situé au sud de l'ancien palais de Majapahit, dans le district de Trowulan (Mojokerto, Java-Est). Depuis la publication en 1957 par Louis-Charles Damais de l'article influent intitulé « Études javanaises : I. Les tombes musulmanes datées de Trâlâyâ », il est resté d'usage parmi les chercheurs de considérer les tombes datées de Troloyo comme étant les premières preuves concrètes de l'existence d'une communauté islamique à Java, qui attesteraient la présence de musulmans de haut rang à la cour de Majapahit dès la moitié du XIVe siècle. Cet article réexamine les arguments de Damais, en se fondant sur de nouvelles données de terrain dont, en particulier, une importante collection de pierres datées conservée au musée de Trowulan.
L'auteur partage les réserves des observateurs du début du XXe siècle et présente des arguments pour mettre en doute la fonction originale de plusieurs pierres servant aujourd'hui de marqueur de tombe à Troloyo ; ceci remet en cause l'authenticité du site funéraire tout entier. Les fondations de la thèse de l'article de Damais s'en trouvent mises en doute. Il n'est pas possible de tirer de conclusion ferme des données disponibles, mais l'auteur prescrit tout à la fois plus de prudence lorsqu'on prend à la lettre la valeur historique des « pierres tombales » de Troloyo, et recommande que soit menée une étude plus approfondie des données épigraphiques et archéologiques pour le XVe siècle à Java.
The Three Mao Lords in modem Jiangnan. Cult and Pilgrimage between Daoism and baojuan recitation
Authors: Berezkin Rostislav , Goossaert Vincent 
Published: June 2017

Maoshan southeast of Nanjing, is home to the Three Mao brothers Local deities as early as the Han dynasty, they were promoted high up in Heavenly bureaucracy by the Shangqing tradition (fourth century). Yet, when Shangqing Daoism dissolved during the early second millennium, the cult thrived as never before ; it is the object of a massive pilgrimage in the modern period. Therefore, we argue that a new form of the cult formed in and around Maoshan by the Qing period, and that three types of religious specialists have participated in shaping it : Daoists, spirit-mediums and performers of popular narratives, baojuan.
Drawing on published sources as well as on manuscripts and fieldwork material, the article argues that while the Daoists have continued to try to shape the cult from Maoshan during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, by far the largest textual production on the cult was that of baojuan. Our survey shows that several versions of the Sanmao baojuan incorporate the Daoist vision of these deities while adding lay and local concerns, thus forming a tradition of vernacular scriptures. One can further compare this situation with other popular cults in Jiangnan. We conclude that understanding the development of modern Jiangnan religious culture requires an analysis of interaction between Daoists, mediums and baojuan performers, who co-operate in ritual activities.
Population genetic structure of the rock outcrop species Encholirium spectabile (Bromeliaceae): The role of pollination vs. seed dispersal and evolutionary implications
Authors: Gonçalves‐Oliveira Rodrigo C. , Wöhrmann Tina , Benko‐Iseppon Ana M. , Krapp Florian , Alves Marccus , Wanderley Maria das Graças L. , Weising Kurt 
Published: June 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Inselbergs are terrestrial, island‐like rock outcrop environments that present a highly adapted flora. The epilithic bromeliad Encholirium spectabile is a dominant species on inselbergs in the Caatinga of northeastern Brazil. We conducted a population genetic analysis to test whether the substantial phenotypic diversity of E. spectabile could be explained by limited gene flow among populations and to assess the relative impact of pollen vs. seed dispersal on the genetic structure of the species.METHODS:Nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers were used to genotype E. spectabile individuals from 20 rock outcrop locations, representing four geographic regions: northern Espinhaço Range, Borborema Plateau, southwestern Caatinga and southeastern Caatinga. F‐statistics, structure, and other tools were applied to evaluate the genetic makeup of populations.KEY RESULTS:Considerable levels of genetic diversity were revealed. Genetic structuring among populations was stronger on the plastid as compared with the nuclear level, indicating higher gene flow via bat pollination as compared with seed dispersal by wind. structure and AMOVA analyses of the nuclear data suggested a high genetic differentiation between two groups, one containing all populations from the southeastern Caatinga and the other one comprising all remaining samples.CONCLUSIONS:The strong genetic differentiation between southeastern Caatinga and the remaining regions may indicate the occurrence of a cryptic species in E. spectabile. The unique genetic composition of each inselberg population suggests in situ conservation as the most appropriate protection measure for this plant lineage.
Seedling response to environmental variability: The relationship between phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary history in closely relatedEucalyptusspecies
Authors: Rutherford Susan , Bonser Stephen P. , Wilson Peter G. , Rossetto Maurizio 
Published: June 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Phenotypic plasticity is an important means through which organisms cope with environmental variability. We investigated seedling plasticity in the green ash eucalypts within a phylogenetic framework to examine the relationship between plasticity and evolutionary history. The green ashes are a diverse group, which include the tallest flowering plant in the world (Eucalyptus regnans) and a rare mallee less than 1 m tall (E. cunninghamii).METHODS:Seedlings of 12 species were exposed to high and low nutrient and water availability in a factorial experiment. Leaf trait and total plant plasticity were evaluated using the phenotypic plasticity index. A phylogeny of the species was estimated using genome‐wide scans.KEY RESULTS:We found significant differences in functional traits across species, growth forms, and substrates in response to changes in resource availability. Many traits (e.g., leaf width) were highly plastic for most species. Interspecific differences in leaf‐level plasticity was significant, however plasticity was not correlated with phylogeny. Species with broader environmental niches had higher leaf‐level plasticity than species with narrower environmental ranges.CONCLUSIONS:Plastic responses to environmental variability can differ widely among closely related species, and plasticity is therefore likely to be associated with many factors, including habitat and range size, as well as evolutionary history. Our results provided insights for species delimitation inEucalyptus, which have management implications. Because of the high number of rare species and that other species are commercially important, a more comprehensive understanding of plasticity is essential for predicting their response to changing climates.
Excess Galactic Molecular Absorption Toward the Radio Galaxy 3C 111
Authors: Tombesi F. , Reynolds C. S. , Mushotzky R. F. , Behar E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We show the combined spectral analysis of Chandra high-energy transmission grating and XMM-Newton reflection-grating spectrometer observations of the broad-line radio galaxy 3C 111. This source is known to show excess neutral absorption with respect to the one estimated from 21 cm radio surveys of atomic H i in the Galaxy. However, previous works were not able to constrain the origin of such an absorber as local to our Milky Way or intrinsic to the source (z = 0.0485). The high signal-to-noise grating spectra allow us to constrain the excess absorption as being due to intervening gas in the Milky Way, and we estimate a time-averaged total column density of

cm−2, a factor of two higher than the tabulated H i value. We recommend using the total average Galactic column density estimated here when studying 3C 111. The origin of the extra Galactic absorption of

cm−2 is likely due to molecular gas associated with the Taurus molecular cloud complex toward 3C 111, which is our nearest star-forming region. We also detect a weak (EW = 16 ± 10 eV) and narrow (FWMH < 5500 km s−1, consistent with optical Hα) Fe Kα emission line at E = 6.4 keV, likely from the torus in the central regions of 3C 111, and we place an upper limit on the column density of a possible intrinsic warm absorber of N
H < 2.5 × 1020 cm−2. These complexities make 3C 111 a very promising object for studying both the intrinsic properties of this active radio galaxy and the Galactic interstellar medium, if used as a background source.