bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When Social Infrastructure Deficits Create Displacement Pressures: Inner City Schools and the Suburbanization of Families in Melbourne
Authors: Nethercote Megan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractUnder advanced capitalism, gentrification converges with the post‐Keynesian ‘unhinging' of the state from the project of social reproduction, including its responsibilities for collective consumption (e.g. housing, schools). Gentrification research scrutinizes this convergence through the ongoing assault on social/affordable housing, and yet anaemic housing welfare is not its endpoint. The social contract is further fractured through the ongoing discreditation and dismantling of the full gamut of legacies of the publicly regulated Keynesian inner city, including essential social infrastructure. Focusing on public schools, as an essential site for social reproduction, this article explores how the struggle for the city under neoliberal gentrification may be emerging along additional (non‐housing) vectors. Based on a qualitative study of families' experiences of poor public education provision in central Melbourne (Australia), this article argues that the exclusionary effects of gentrification likely exceed residential encroachment as state subsidization of residents continues to yield to the subsidization of capital. In particular, this article identifies life‐stage specific, infrastructure‐related displacement pressures wrought by a state failure to provide adequate public primary schools in the ‘regeneration' of central Melbourne, and it illustrates how these pressures prompt housing strategies that unevenly divest families of the locational advantages secured in the inner city. Highlighting the role of public school deficits in the reluctant suburbanization of lesser‐resourced families assists in foregrounding state complicity in displacement dynamics and the potential for these to magnify socio‐economic, gendered and socio‐spatial inequalities across the city.
Feasibility of Collecting Patient‐Reported Outcomes for Inpatient Rehabilitation Quality Reporting
Authors: Heinemann Allen Walter , Deutsch Anne , Cella David , Cook Karon Frances , Foster Linda , Miskovic Ana , Davis Katharine , Goldsmith Arielle 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate rehabilitation inpatients’ willingness and ability to complete patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) and the burden of completion on patients and staff.Data Sources/Study SettingTwo inpatient rehabilitation facilities.Study DesignPatients with neurological disorders were assigned randomly to receive a nominal monetary incentive during or 1 month after the stay.Data CollectionPatients responded using a tablet computer or paper.Principal FindingsOf the 1,055 admissions, 74 percent were eligible, and 51 percent of eligible patients completed the survey. Most answered without assistance. A majority completed the survey 1 month after discharge; incentive timing was unrelated to postdischarge completion. Half of the 285 follow‐up respondents required at least two reminder calls.ConclusionsCollection of PROs from rehabilitation patients is feasible. Results inform policy makers regarding feasibility of PRO data in evaluating rehabilitation quality.
Avoidance of parasitized host by female wasps of Aphidius gifuensis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): The role of natal rearing effects and host availability?
Authors: Pan Ming‐Zhen , Liu Tong‐Xian , Nansen Christian 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNatal rearing experience of animals may affect their behaviors, such as habitat selection and oviposition decision. As part of the overall fitness of insect parasitoids, successful host discrimination (distinguishing parasitized hosts from unparasitized hosts) is of paramount importance. In this study we examined whether and how parasitoids’ natal rearing experience would affect their host discrimination ability according to host availability. We established separate colonies of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead by continual rearing on two hosts, Sitobion avenae F. and Myzus persicae (Suzler), and quantified self superparasitism and self superparasitism versus parasitism ratio for the four combinations of parasitoid colonies and host species (S. aveane and M. persicae) at four host densities (30, 50, 100 or 150 per plant). Results showed that self superparasitism of M. persicae by A. gifuensis reared on S. avenae was significantly higher than by those reared on M. persicae, no matter whether the host densities were 30, 50, 100 or 150. Aphidius gifuensis reared on M. persicae significantly superparasitized more S. avenae than those reared on S. aveane only when host density was 30. Self superparasitism versus parasitism ratio of A. gifuensis from both colonies was always lower on natal hosts than on new hosts, and the difference was more pronounced as the host density decreased. These results suggested that natal rearing effects is important on host discrimination and oviposition decision of the parasitoid A. gifuensis. These effects promoted the parasitoid's host adaptation and made them confer greater fitness.
Metformin prevents vascular prostanoid release alterations induced by a high‐fat diet in rats
Authors: Lee H. J. , Cantú S. M. , Donoso A. S. , Choi M. R. , Peredo H. A. , Puyó A. M. 
Published: June 2017

Summary

Perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction induced by high‐fat feeding leads to alterations in the modulation of inflammation, contractile activity of the vascular smooth muscle and endothelial function, all risk factors in the development of hypertension. Metformin, an activator of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), is currently the first‐line drug treatment for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome. Besides its glucose‐lowering effect, there is an interest in actions of this drug with potential relevance in cardiovascular diseases.

The high‐fat (HF) diet is an experimental model that resembles human metabolic syndrome. We have previously reported an altered pattern of prostanoid release in mesenteric vessels in this model.

The aim of this study was to analyse the effects of metformin on mesenteric vascular bed prostanoid release, adiposity index and its relation to blood pressure in Sprague‐Dawley rats fed a HF diet for 8 and 12 weeks. Eight groups were used: control (C8, C1), HF diet (HF8, HF12, 50% w/w bovine fat), metformin‐treated (CMf8, CMf12, 500 mg/kg/day) and metformin‐treated HF diet (HFMf8, HFMf12, both treatments).

HF diet increased mesenteric vascular bed adiposity index (%, HF8: 1.7±0.1 vs C8: 0.9±0.04 and HF12: 1.8±0.1 vs C12: 0.8±0.1, P<.001); systolic blood pressure (SBP, mm Hg, HF8: 145±6 vs C8: 118±4, P<.01 and HF12: 151±1 vs C12: 121±3, P<.001). We found a positive correlation between these two parameters. Moreover HF diet increased the release of vasoconstrictor prostanoids such as thromboxane (TX) B2 (ng PR/mg of tissue, HF8: 117±6 vs C8: 66±2 and HF12: 123±6 vs C12: 62±5, P<.001) and prostaglandin (PG) F2α (ng/mg, HF8: 153±9 vs C8: 88±3 and HF12: 160±11 vs C12: 83±5, P<.001). We also found that this increase in the release of vasoconstrictor prostanoids positively correlates with the elevation of SBP. In addition, HF diet increases the release of PGE2 and decreases the prostacyclin (PGI2)/TXA2 release ratio at 8 and 12 weeks of treatment compared to control groups.

In the HFMf group, metformin treatment prevented all these increases in mesenteric vascular bed adiposity index (%, HFMf8: 1.3±0.2 vs HF8 and HFMf12: 1.3±0.1 vs HF12, P<.05); SBP (mm Hg, HFMf8: 127±2 vs HF8 and HFMf12: 132±1 vs HF12, P<.001); TXB2 release (ng PR/mg of tissue, HFMf8: 65±12 vs HF8, P<.05 and HFMf12: 53±3 vs HF12, P<.001) and PGF2α (ng PR/mg of tissue, HFMf8: 99±13 vs HF8, P<.01 and HFMf12: 77±8 vs HF12, P<.001). Meanwhile metformin prevented the increment in PGE2 release only at 12 weeks. On the other hand, metformin improved the PGI2/TXA2 ratio in both periods studied.

In conclusion, metformin could exert beneficial effects on adipose tissue and the vascular system by improving endothelial dysfunction induced by an imbalance of vasoactive substances in mesenteric perivascular adipose tissue in this model.
Dicephalic Parapagus Conjoined Twins in a Large Fruit‐eating Bat, Genus Artibeus (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)
Authors: Nogueira M. R. , Ventura A. , da Veiga C. C. P. , Monteiro L. R. , Pinheiro N. L. , Peracchi A. L. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryConjoined twinning is an embryological anomaly rarely reported in wild mammals and with only two previous records in Chiroptera. Here, we report a case of dicephalic parapagus conjoined twins in the Neotropical phyllostomid genus Artibeus. These twins are males and present separated heads and necks, but a conjoined trunk with an expanded upper thoracic region. They developed two complete forelimbs and two complete hindlimbs, all laterally to the trunk. There is a volume in the upper midback and between the heads that resembles a third rudimentary medial forelimb, but X‐ray images only suggest the presence of medial skeletal elements of the pectoral girdle (clavicle and scapulae) in this region. The X‐ray images also show that vertebral columns run separated from head until the base of lumbar region, where they form a single structure. Using ultrasound images, we detected the presence of two similarly sized and apparently separated hearts. The accumulation of study cases like this will help in the understanding of patterns and process behind this phenomena, and collection material plays a key role in this context.
Oesophageal epidermal naevi as a feature of systematised epidermal naevus syndrome
Authors: Oyesanya Tola , Boozalis Emily , Kwatra Shawn G , Cohen Bernard A 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSystematised epidermal naevi are hamartomas developing from neural ectoderm that can be quite extensive, typically with involvement of the face, neck, scalp, arms, legs and trunk. Involvement of the gastrointestinal tract is rare. We report on a 38‐year‐old Caucasian woman with systematised epidermal naevus syndrome who presented with previously undescribed involvement of the oesophagus, as well as the right side of her scalp, forehead, cheeks, chin, oral mucosa, neck, arms and trunk.
Magnetic‐activated cell sorting before density gradient centrifugation improves recovery of high‐quality spermatozoa
Authors: Berteli T. S. , Da Broi M. G. , Martins W. P. , Ferriani R. A. , Navarro P. A. 
Published: June 2017

SummaryRecent studies have evaluated the use of magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) to reduce apoptotic spermatozoa and improve sperm quality. However, the efficiency of using MACS alone, before or after sperm processing by density gradient centrifugation (DGC) has not yet been established. The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal protocol of MACS in assisted reproduction techniques (ART). Thus, we compared sperm quality obtained by DGC alone (DGC), DGC followed by MACS (DGC‐MACS), MACS followed by DGC (MACS‐DGC), and MACS alone (MACS), and found that the combined methods (MACS‐DGC and DGC‐MACS) led to retrieval of less spermatozoa with fragmented DNA compared to the single protocols. However, MACS‐DGC protocol led to a significantly higher percentage of spermatozoa with progressive motility and normal morphology than DGC‐MACS protocol. These findings suggest the potential clinical value of using MACS‐DGC to improve sperm quality in seminal preparation for ART.
miR‐2909 regulates ISGylation system via STAT1 signalling through negative regulation of SOCS3 in prostate cancer
Authors: Ayub Shiekh Gazalla , Kaul Deepak 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne of the well‐document strategies adopted by tumour cells for progression is to evade immune surveillance mechanisms. An understanding of the tight interaction between immunity and progression of cancer can provide novel treatment options for different malignancies including prostate cancer (PCa). Here, we have shown that AATF genome encoded miR‐2909, known to play role both in immunity and cancer upregulates various interferon stimulating genes (ISGs) including ISGylation system through STAT1. Our results revealed that miR‐2909 up‐regulates STAT1 through negative regulation of SOCS3 and not through up‐regulation of Type 1 interferon (IFN) production. It was observed that inhibition of ISGylation reduced the proliferation potential of PCa cells. Furthermore, androgens were found to negatively regulate ISGylation in LNCaP cells through androgen receptor signalling independently of miR‐2909. TGF‐β mediated SMAD3 signalling was also seen to be suppressed by miR‐2909 through induction of SMAD7 via enhanced STAT1 expression. Collectively, these studies suggest that miR‐2909 could play a vital role in prostate carcinogenesis through modulation of ISGylation system and TGFβ signalling via STAT1.
Evaluation of Hemodynamic Performance of a Combined ECLS and CRRT Circuit in Seven Positions With a Simulated Neonatal Patient
Authors: Profeta Elizabeth , Shank Kaitlyn , Wang Shigang , O'Connor Christian , Kunselman Allen R. , Woitas Karl , Myers John L. , Ündar Akif 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAs it is common for patients treated with extracorporeal life support (ECLS) to subsequently require continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), and neonatal patients encounter limitations due to lack of access points, inclusion of CRRT in the ECLS circuit could provide advanced treatment for this population. The objective of this study was to evaluate an alternative neonatal ECLS circuit containing either a Maquet RotaFlow centrifugal pump or Maquet HL20 roller pump with one of seven configurations of CRRT using the Prismaflex 2000 System. All ECLS circuit setups included a Quadrox‐iD Pediatric diffusion membrane oxygenator, a Better Bladder, an 8‐Fr arterial cannula, a 10‐Fr venous cannula, and 6 feet of ¼‐inch diameter arterial and venous tubing. The circuit was primed with lactated Ringer's solution and packed human red blood cells resulting in a total priming volume of 700 mL for both the circuit and the 3‐kg pseudopatient. Hemodynamic data were recorded for ECLS flow rates of 200, 400, and 600 mL/min and a CRRT flow rate of 50 mL/min. When a centrifugal pump is used, the hemodynamic performance of any combined ECLS and CRRT circuit was not significantly different than that of the circuit without CRRT, thus any configuration could potentially be used. However, introduction of CRRT to a circuit containing a roller pump does affect performance properties for some CRRT positions. The circuits with CRRT positions B and G demonstrated decreased total hemodynamic energy (THE) levels at the post‐arterial cannula site, while positions D and E demonstrated increased post‐arterial cannula THE levels compared to the circuit without CRRT. CRRT positions A, C, and F did not have significant changes with respect to pre‐arterial cannula flow and THE levels, compared to the circuit without CRRT. Considering hemodynamic performance, for neonatal combined extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and CRRT circuits with both blood pumps, we recommend the use of CRRT position A due to its hemodynamic similarities to the ECMO circuit without CRRT.
The Use of Eptifibatide Alone or in Combination With Heparin or Argatroban for Suspected Thrombosis in Patients With Left Ventricular Assist Devices
Authors: Bitar Abbas , Vijayakrishnan Rajakrishnan , Lenneman Andrew , Birks Emma , Massey Todd , Slaughter Mark , Abramov Dmitry 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPump thrombosis and hemolysis in patients with left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Intensification of anticoagulation has been suggested as potential therapy, with mixed results. The aim of this study is to assess the safety and efficacy of adding eptifibatide with or without an anticoagulation agent in managing patients with LVAD presenting with hemolysis and suspected pump thrombosis. This retrospective single center study included all patients who presented with their first episode of suspected pump thrombosis and were treated with eptifibatide with or without an anticoagulant between March 1, 2011 and July 30, 2015. A total of 27 patients (23 HeartMate II, 4 HeartWare) were identified. The average age was 55 years (range 19–75) and time from implant to event averaged 513 days (range 35–1760). The average lactate dehydrogenase on presentation was 1111 and 63% of patients had power elevations. The average international normalized ratio (INR) on admission was 2.4, with INR of ≥2 in 21/27 patients. All patients received eptifibatide: 10 received eptifibatide only, 9 received eptifibatide and argatroban, and 8 received eptifibatide and heparin. Warfarin was continued in 25/27 patients. Overall, 21 patients (77.8%) were successfully treated medically, 5 (18.5%) underwent pump exchange, and 1 (3.7%) died. There were no differences in outcomes or complications between the three treatment groups. Despite initial success, 12/21 patients developed repeat episodes of hemolysis at 1 year. The 1‐year survival in the patients treated medically was 90% and surgically was 60%. Our experience indicates that medical therapy for hemolysis and suspected LVAD thrombosis with warfarin and eptifibatide alone or in combination with argatroban or heparin appears safe and may be effective, although the episodes of recurrent hemolysis after medical management remain high.
Editorial: lower gastrointestinal bleeding and low‐dose aspirin—authors’ reply
Authors: Chen W.‐C. , Lin K.‐H. , Huang Y.‐T. , Tsai T.‐J. , Sun W.‐C. , Chuah S.‐K. , Wu D.‐C. , Hsu P.‐I. 
Published: June 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Taha and Chen et al papers. To view these articles
visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14114 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14079.
The long and winding road for selective androgen receptor modulators
Authors: Dalton James T. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNumerous selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) with differing chemical structures and nearly ideal pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties have been developed that are well tolerated and selectively increase lean body mass in humans. However, definitive demonstration of the linkage between lean body mass and physical function in a relevant, large patient population has remained elusive for a SARM. The clinical endpoints serving as their basis of approval have shifted with time and clinical indication and are likely to continue to do so as the field matures with additional safety and efficacy data pertaining to the relationship between lean body mass and physical function, regulatory decisions with SARMs and other agents, and yet unexplored clinical indications.
The anti‐migraine component of butterbur extracts, isopetasin, desensitizes peptidergic nociceptors by acting on TRPA1 cation channel
Authors: Benemei Silvia , De Logu Francesco , Li Puma Simone , Marone Ilaria Maddalena , Coppi Elisabetta , Ugolini Filippo , Liedtke Wolfgang , Pollastro Federica , Appendino Giovanni , Geppetti Pierangelo , Materazzi Serena , Nassini Romina 
Published: June 2017

Background and PurposeThe mechanism of the anti‐migraine action of extracts of butterbur [Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn.] is unknown. Here, we investigated the ability of isopetasin, a major constituent of these extracts, to specifically target TRPA1 channel and to affect functional responses relevant to migraine.Experimental ApproachSingle‐cell calcium imaging and patch‐clamp recordings in human and rodent TRPA1‐expressing cells, neurogenic motor responses in rodent isolated urinary bladder, release of CGRP from mouse spinal cord in vitro and facial rubbing in mice and meningeal blood flow in rats were examined.Key ResultsIsopetasin induced (i) calcium responses and currents in rat/mouse trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and in cells expressing the human TRPA1, (ii) substance P‐mediated contractions of rat isolated urinary bladders and (iii) CGRP release from mouse dorsal spinal cord, responses that were selectively abolished by genetic deletion or pharmacological antagonism of TRPA1 channels. Pre‐exposure to isopetasin produced marked desensitization of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC, TRPA1 channel agonist)‐ or capsaicin (TRPV1 channel agonist)‐evoked currents in rat TG neurons, contractions of rat or mouse bladder and CGRP release from mouse central terminals of primary sensory neurons. Repeated intragastric administration of isopetasin attenuated mouse facial rubbing, evoked by local AITC or capsaicin, and dilation of rat meningeal arteries by acrolein or ethanol (TRPA1 and TRPV1 channel agonists respectively).Conclusion and ImplicationsActivation of TRPA1 channels by isopetasin results in excitation of neuropeptide‐containing nociceptors, followed by marked heterologous neuronal desensitization. Such atten uation in pain and neurogenic inflammation may account for the anti‐migraine action of butterbur.
Cenozoic sediment budget of West Africa and the Niger delta
Authors: Grimaud Jean‐Louis , Rouby Delphine , Chardon Dominique , Beauvais Anicet 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLong‐term (106–7 yr) clastic sedimentary fluxes to the ocean provide first‐order constraints on the response of continental surfaces to both tectonic and climatic forcing as well as the supply that builds the stratigraphic record. Here, we use the dated and regionally correlated relict lateritic landforms preserved over Sub‐Saharan West Africa to map and quantify regional denudation as well as the export of main catchments for three time intervals (45–24, 24–11 and 11–0 Ma). At the scale of West Africa, denudation rates are low (ca. 7 m Myr−1) and total clastic export rate represents 18.5 × 103 km3 Myr−1. Export rate variations among the different drainage groups depend on the drainage area and, more importantly, rock uplift. Denuded volumes and offshore accumulations are of the same magnitude, with a noticeably balanced budget between the Niger River delta and its catchment. This supports the establishment of the modern Niger catchment before 29 Ma, which then provided sufficient clastic material to the Niger delta by mainly collecting the erosion products of the Hoggar hotspot swell. Accumulations on the remaining Equatorial Atlantic margin of Africa suggest an apparent export deficit but the sediment budget is complicated by the low resolution of the offshore data and potential lateral sediment supply from the Niger delta. Further distortion of the depositional record by intracontinental transient storage and lateral input or destabilization of sediments along the margin may be identified in several locations, prompting caution when deducing continental denudation rates from accumulation only.