bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Suunvuoro
Authors: Lappalainen Hanna 
Published: October 2017

Tänä vuonna paitsi juhlitaan satavuotiasta Suomea myös vietetään reformaation merkki­vuotta. Sen ajoitus perustuu Martti Lutherin teeseihin, jotka hän naulasi lokakuussa 1517 Wittenbergin linnankirkon oveen. Vaikka viime aikoina 500 vuoden takaisiin tapahtumiin on viitattu reformaatio-sanalla, monelle tutumpi ilmaus on uskonpuhdistus. Sanan uskonpuhdistus taustaa valottaa katsauksessaan Tuomo Fonsén.
Reformaatiolla ei ollut pelkästään teologisia vaikutuksia vaan myös merkittäviä yhteis­kunnallisia seurauksia. Luther painotti sitä, että kansan tulee saada lukea Raamattua omalla kielellään, mikä johti kirjakielen kehittämiseen monelle sellaiselle kielelle, jota aiemmin oli käytetty vain suullisesti. Kuten tiedämme, näin tapahtui myös Suomessa. Muutamaa irrallista suomenkielistä virkettä lukuun ottamatta tällä tietoa vanhimmat suomenkieliset tekstit ovat 1540-luvulta. Yksi näistä on Sebastian Münsterin Cosmographia­teokseen (1544) sisältyvä Isä meidän -rukous, jonka kielellisiä erityis­piirteitä Petri Kallio esittelee havaintokirjoituksessaan.
Suomen kielen varhaisvaiheita valottavat myös Aino Kärnä ja Lauri Marjamäki, jotka tarkastelevat katsauksessaan sitä, miten vanhojen latinan kielioppien vaikutus näkyy ensimmäisissä suomen kieliopeissa. Varhaisten eurooppalaisten kielioppien systemaattiset digitoinnit avaavat uusia näkökulmia suomenkin kielioppeihin, sillä aiemmin läheskään kaikki niiden esikuvat eivät ole olleet kohtuuvaivalla tutkijoiden saatavilla.
Aila Mielikäinen puolestaan tarkastelee artikkelissaan 1800-luvun lopun murre­tutkimuksia. Hän selvittää, millaista metakieltä niissä käytetään. Kielenpiirteiden kuvailuissa on havaittavissa yhtymä­kohtia nyky­maallikoiden metakieleen, eikä ihme, sillä sekä pioneeritutkijoiden että ei-kielitieteilijöiden ongelma on sama: miten puhua kielen­ilmiöistä, joille ei tiedä nimitystä? 1800-luvun kansallisessa hengessä pyrkimyksenä oli etsiä näille ilmiöille suomen­kielisiä nimityksiä.
Nyky­kirjoittajien haasteet ovat ainakin osin erilaisia kuin Agricolalla ja hänen aikalaisillaan. Tämän numeron avaakin artikkeli, joka on vankasti kiinni tässä ajassa. Satu Erra ja Kimmo Svinhufvud tarkastelevat, millaisia kirjoittamisen ideologioita on löydettävissä lukion opetussuunnitelmasta ja ylioppilaskokeen määräyksistä. Aihe on tärkeä, sillä juuri nuo dokumentit ohjaavat sitä, miten kirjoittamista opetetaan. Vaikka tarpeet ja haasteet ovatkin muuttuneet 500 vuodessa, kirjoittamisen merkitys ei ole ainakaan vähentynyt.

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Virittäjän toimitussihteerinä on toiminut syksystä 2012 maisteri Armi Sinerkari. Haluan kiittää häntä lämpimästi koko toimituksen puolesta erinomaisesta yhteistyöstä ja ammattitaitoisesta toiminnasta Virittäjän hyväksi sekä toivottaa menestystä uusiin tehtäviin. Samalla on ilo esitellä uusi toimitussihteerimme, maisteri Henna Leskelä, joka ottaa ohjat käsiinsä nelosnumerosta lähtien.

Hanna Lappalainen
Culture Matters: The Arts, the Classroom Environment, and a Pedagogy of Entewate`Nikonri:Sake : A Study in a First Nations Pre-School
Authors: Smith-Gilman Sheryl 
Published: October 2017

This article brings to light the close relationship between culture, learning and the arts. It recounts the quest of a First Nations (Mohawk) early childhood center in their development of a culturally relevant curriculum whereby culture and Indigenous ways of learning would be seamlessly woven into daily practice. Step by Step Child and Family Center embraced the Reggio Emilia approach. The educators acknowledged how Reggio Emilia’s major tenets resonated with Indigenous values as well as seeing congruence in ways of teaching, learning and how relationships are intrinsically interwoven into practice. This research shows how the provocation of the Reggio Emilia approach, and a focus on the arts, provided meaning-making for this community. The study has implications for teacher development, early childhood pedagogy, and may be useful for other Indigenous communities who seek to maintain cultural traditions and identity in educational practices.
Exposer le patrimoine de la Retirade: la pédagogie au croisement des logiques sociales et institutionnelles. Étude de cas à Argelès-sur-Mer
Authors: Soulier Virginie 
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Seventy-five years after the Spanish Civil War, the CIDER (Centre d’interprétation et de documentation sur l’Exil et la Retirade) of Argelès-sur-Mer retraces the history of that traumatic past. Reporting on the confinement of 200,000 Spanish Republicans in a barbed wire camp raises many heritage-related issues. This forced exile of half-a-million refugees is one of the most substantial European exoduses to occur during the last century. Many individuals are still affected and it still resonates today. This article discusses CIDER’s museographical project. If social and institutional logic clash between times of emergence, construction and valorization in the course of patrimonialization, they overlap in the pedagogical aspect of the permanent exhibition. KEYWORDS: Museum study; museology; informal education; immigration; heritage; memorial; monument; Spanish Civil War; citizenship; Résumé: Soixante-quinze ans après la Guerre civile espagnole, le Centre d’interprétation et de documentation sur l’Exil et la Retirade (CIDER) d’Argelès-sur-Mer présente l’histoire de ce passé traumatique. Rendre compte de l’enfermement de plus de 200 000 Républicains espagnols dans un camp de barbelés soulève de nombreux enjeux patrimoniaux. Cet exil forcé d’un demi-million de réfugiés représente l’un des exodes européens les plus importants du siècle dernier. Il touche encore de nombreuses personnes et demeure en résonance avec l’actualité. Le présent article vise à rendre compte du projet muséographique du CIDER. Les logiques sociales et institutionnelles s’affrontent entre les moments d’émergence, de construction et de valorisation dans le processus de patrimonialisation, mais elles se recouvrent dans la perspective pédagogique de l’exposition permanente.MOTS CLES: Muséologie; éducation non formelle; immigration; patrimoine; memorial; Guerre d’Espagne; citoyenneté
Project-Based Museum-School Partnerships in Support of Meaningful Student Interest- and Equity-Driven Learning Across Settings
Authors: Rahm Jrène 
Published: October 2017

Abstract: In this paper, I focus on two teachers’ experiences with project-based museum-school partnerships that they participated in with their students. The partnerships implied collaborations with scientists, archaeologists, and artists in their classrooms, as well as informal educators from museums tied to the projects. The projects made new ways to engage in student interest-driven cross-setting learning available to the students and teachers. The participating teachers seemed to suggest a need to move towards the co-design of such partnerships in the future with youth—a process that could be initiated in teacher education programs or supported through innovative approaches to professional development.KEYWORDS: Museum-school partnership; project-based learning; cross-setting learning;archaeology education; science education; arts education, robotic.Résumé: Je traite dans cet article de l’expérience de deux enseignants dans le cadre de projets de partenariats musée-école auxquels ont participé leurs étudiants. Ces partenariats exigeaient de collaborer avec des scientifiques, des archéologues et des artistes en salles de cours, sans oublier des éducateurs officieux des musées impliqués. Les projets ont exploré de nouvelles voies d’apprentissage croisé axé sur les intérêts des étudiants, accessibles aux étudiants et aux enseignants. Il appert que les enseignants participants jugent nécessaire de privilégier à l’avenir ce type de partenariats concertés avec la jeunesse, un processus qui pourrait être initié dans le cadre de programmes de formation des enseignants ou soutenu par le biais d’approches novatrices dans le domaine de perfectionnement professionnel.MOTS CLES: Programme de partenariat entre l’école et la musée; apprentissage basé au projet; apprentissage de cadre transversal; éducation archéologique; la formation artistique en sciences; la robotique;
Natural resources and development in Sub-Saharan Africa: Zambia after the privatization of mines
Authors: Aguirre-Unceta Rafael 
Published: October 2017

An extensive academic literature has been produced for the last twenty-five years on the socalled «natural resource curse» that presumes negative economic and political consequences of the exploitation of such type of resource, in particular in less developed countries. Other authors have come up with policy proposals to counteract these adverse effects and get a beneficial impact from the resource in countries, as the African ones, that don’t have many other options to reinforce the public financial capacity and promote development. Nevertheless, it is not easy to implement these normative policy proposals in the context of weak institutions. At this regard, the article examines the evolution and the policies followed in a poor African country with mining resources (Zambia), especially after the privatization of the extractive industry at the end of the past century.
José Luis Sampedro (1917-2013), pionero de los Estudios del Desarrollo
Authors: Domínguez-Martín Rafael 
Published: October 2017

Como otros pioneros del desarrollo, Sampedro se familiarizó con esta área de conocimiento abordando el problema colonial. También como ellos combinó la academia (en 1951 obtuvo el grado de doctor con Premio Extraordinario y en 1955 consiguió la primera cátedra de Estructura Económica) con puestos de responsabilidad técnica (de humilde funcionario de aduanas pasó a colaborar en la elaboración de las tablas input-output y la contabilidad nacional de España, para luego participar en varias negociaciones internacionales como asesor de los Ministerios de Comercio y Hacienda y del Banco Exterior de España). Asimismo, como los otros pioneros, recibió el impacto de Keynes (a quien consideraba responsable de la recuperación de la Economía política como ciencia social), y se nutrió de las teorías disidentes (primero de institucionalistas, marxistas y estructuralistas franceses, y luego de estructuralistas y dependentistas latinoamericanos y críticos ambientalistas) que reclamaban la vuelta de la Economía a la solución de los problemas esenciales (la pobreza, las desigualdades y los bienes públicos globales) desde una perspectiva interdisciplinar. CITE AS:Domínguez-Martín, R. (2013). José Luis Sampedro (1917-2013), pionero de los Estudios del Desarrollo. Iberoamerican Journal of Development Studies, 2 (1): 119-125
Synthesis and characterization of mechanically alloyed cerium oxide reinforced Al-4.5Mg alloy composite
Authors: Rastgarnia Sara , Ranjbar Khalil , Gheisari Khalil O. , Borhani Gholam H. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Al-4.5Mg-0.5Mn alloy powders were mechanically alloyed by the addition of 1–3 wt.% cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles using a planetary ball mill under a dry argon atmosphere. A milling speed of 300 rpm and ball to powder ratio of 20:1 was used for all samples. An optimum milling time of 20 h was chosen considering the morphological and structural changes in the milled powders. The composite powders were consolidated via vacuum hot pressing at 515°C. Mechanical properties were evaluated by hardness and compression tests. The evolution of the structure and microstructure during the milling process was studied using X-ray diffraction and field emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The corrosion behavior of the samples was investigated by potentiodynamic polarization testing in a standard 3.5% chloride salt solution and assessed in terms of pitting potential and passivation range. CeO2 reinforced mechanically alloyed Al-4.5Mg exhibited a major improvement in its hardness and compressive strength compared to the un-reinforced base alloy, i.e. 40 and 50% increment respectively. Nevertheless, the most important effect of CeO2 incorporation was observed in the pitting resistance of the alloy.
A Test of the High-eccentricity Migration Scenario for Close-in Planets
Authors: Giacalone Steven , Matsakos Titos , Königl Arieh 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In the high-eccentricity migration (HEM) scenario, close-in planets reach the vicinity of the central star on high-eccentricity orbits that become circularized—with a concomitant decrease in the semimajor axis—through a tidal interaction with the star. Giant planets that arrive with periastron distances that are smaller than the Roche limit a
R lose their gaseous envelopes, resulting in an inner edge to the surviving planets’ distribution. The observational evidence for this effect, while extensive, is nonetheless somewhat ambiguous because of the effect of tidal orbital decay. Here, we consider another key prediction of the HEM scenario—the existence of a spatial eccentricity gradient near the location where the circularization time becomes comparable to the planet’s age for typical parameters. Previous studies have already found evidence for this gradient and demonstrated that its properties are consistent with the circularization process being dominated by tidal dissipation in the planet (encapsulated by the tidal quality factor

). Our work extends these treatments by constructing explicit model distributions for comparison with the data and by carrying out backward-in-time integrations using observed system parameters. We show that circularization generally occurs outside the distribution’s inner edge (which defines the boundary of the so-called sub-Jovian desert) and that typically

in the circularization zone (to within a factor of 3). We also find tentative evidence for an eccentricity gradient in lower-mass planets, indicating that formation through HEM may be relevant down to Neptune scales.
Numerical Solutions for the Orbital Motion of the Solar System over the Past 100 Myr: Limits and New Results*
Authors: Zeebe Richard E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
I report results from accurate numerical integrations of solar system orbits over the past 100 Myr with the integrator package HNBody. The simulations used different integrator algorithms, step sizes, and initial conditions, and included effects from general relativity, different models of the Moon, the Sun’s quadrupole moment, and up to 16 asteroids. I also probed the potential effect of a hypothetical Planet 9, using one set of possible orbital elements. The most expensive integration (Bulirsch–Stoer) required 4 months of wall-clock time with a maximum relative energy error

. The difference in Earth’s eccentricity (

) was used to track the difference between two solutions, considered to diverge at time τ when max

irreversibly crossed ∼10% of mean

(

). The results indicate that finding a unique orbital solution is limited by initial conditions from current ephemerides and asteroid perturbations to ∼54 Myr. Bizarrely, the 4-month Bulirsch–Stoer integration and a symplectic integration that required only 5 hr of wall-clock time (12-day time step, with the Moon as a simple quadrupole perturbation), agree to ∼63 Myr. Internally, such symplectic integrations are remarkably consistent even for large time steps, suggesting that the relationship between time step and τ is not a robust indicator of the absolute accuracy of symplectic integrations. The effect of a hypothetical Planet 9 on

becomes discernible at ∼65 Myr. Using τ as a criterion, the current state-of-the-art solutions all differ from previously published results beyond ∼50 Myr. I also conducted an eigenmode analysis, which provides some insight into the chaotic nature of the inner solar system. The current study provides new orbital solutions for applications in geological studies.
Sur quoi reposent nos infrastructures numériques ?
Authors: Eghbal Nadia 
Published: October 2017

Aujourd’hui, la quasi-totalité des logiciels couramment utilisés sont tributaires de code dit « open source », créé et maintenu par des communautés composées de développeurs et d’autres talents. Ce code peut être repris, modifié et utilisé par n’importe qui, entreprise ou particulier, pour créer ses propres logiciels. Partagé, ce code constitue ainsi l’infrastructure numérique de la société d’aujourd’hui… dont les fondations menacent cependant de céder sous la demande !

En effet, dans un monde régi par la technologie, qu’il s’agisse des entreprises du Fortune 500, du Gouvernement, des grandes entreprises de logiciel ou des startups, nous sommes en train d’accroître la charge de ceux qui produisent et entretiennent cette infrastructure partagée. Or, comme ces communautés sont assez discrètes, les utilisateurs ont mis longtemps à en prendre conscience.

Tout comme l’infrastructure matérielle, l’infrastructure numérique nécessite pourtant une maintenance et un entretien réguliers. Face à une demande sans précédent, si nous ne soutenons pas cette infrastructure, les conséquences seront nombreuses.

L’entretien de notre infrastructure numérique est une idée nouvelle pour beaucoup, et les problèmes que cela pose sont mal cernés. Dans cet ouvrage, Nadia Eghbal met au jour les défis uniques auxquels sont confrontées les infrastructures numériques et comment l’on peut œuvrer pour les relever.
Relationships of shredders, leaf processing and organic matter along a canopy cover gradient in tropical streams
Authors: Aguiar Anna C.F. , Neres-Lima Vinicius , Moulton Timothy P. 
Published: October 2017

Terrestrial allochthonous organic matter represents a structuring element and an important source of energy and carbon to fauna in small forested streams. However, the role of this matter as a food resource for benthic macroinvertebrates, and consequently, for shredders and their performance in riverine processes, is not clear in low-order tropical streams. Aiming to investigate the relationship between shredders and leaves, we analyzed along a gradient of 8-93% canopy cover biomass and abundance of shredders, accumulated leaves and breakdown rates of local leaves to verify if these parameters were related to shade conditions and to each other. Three hypotheses were tested: i) shredder biomass, accumulated leaves and breakdown rates are related to canopy cover and exhibit higher values in shaded sites; ii) shredder biomass is positively related to accumulated leaves and breakdown rates; and iii) due to the relatively large body size of the important shredders, the association of shredders with leaves and importance to leaf processing should be better expressed in terms of guild biomass than abundance. Shredder biomass varied between 846 and 1506 mg DM m‑2 and accumulated leaves varied between 479 and 1120 g AFDM m-2 across sites. Leaf breakdown rate (k), the only measured variable that varied significantly among sites, varied between -0.0015 and -0.0238 day-1. Neither shredder biomass nor leaf biomass were associated with the shading gradient. On the other hand, shredder abundance and biomass, mainly represented by Triplectides (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae), was positively related to accumulated leaves within sites and to breakdown rates assessed by leaf packs. Leaf breakdown, as assessed by the experimental leaf packs, was associated with shredder biomass, but not with shredder abundance. This result suggests that macroinvertebrates are important for leaf detritus processing and that their biomass reflects their activity, presumably because it is related to their secondary production and perhaps non-consumptive action. Their activity was observed at the scale of leaf packs and not at the scale of variation in canopy cover because apparently canopy did not modulate availability of leaves, which were apparently not limiting to the shredders.
Religion and Extremism
Authors: Pratt Douglas 
Published: October 2017

Focusing on the three monotheistic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, Douglas Pratt argues that despite a popular focus on Islam, extremist Jews and Christians can also enact terror and destruction. Religion and Extremism stresses that the ideological rejection of diversity underlies religious extremism resulting in violent behaviours and, increasingly, in hardening social and religious attitudes and responses.
An analysis of religiously-driven terrorism reveals the presence of a distinctive and rigid form of exclusivity found in these religions. In this regard, the contemporary resurgence in totalising claims of fundamentalist ideologues is cause for particular concern. Pratt reasons that however expressed, the motif of the ‘Absolute’ is central to all, but how that absolute is and has been received, interpreted and responded to, is a matter of great diversity. The author asserts that theological ‘Absolutism’ displays an underlying dynamic whereby these three religions may be led into extremism. Religion and Extremism also explores contemporary issues of Islamophobia and mutual extremism, identified as ‘reactive co-radicalization’, and concludes by reflecting on how extremism today might be countered.
Sources of sub-micrometre particles near a major international airport
Authors: Masiol Mauro , Harrison Roy M. , Vu Tuan V. , Beddows David C. S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The international airport of Heathrow is a major source of nitrogen oxides, but its contribution to the levels of sub-micrometre particles is unknown and is the objective of this study. Two sampling campaigns were carried out during warm and cold seasons at a site close to the airfield (1.2 km). Size spectra were largely dominated by ultrafine particles: nucleation particles ( < 30 nm) were found to be  ∼ 10 times higher than those commonly measured in urban background environments of London. Five clusters and six factors were identified by applying k means cluster analysis and positive matrix factorisation (PMF), respectively, to particle number size distributions; their interpretation was based on their modal structures, wind directionality, diurnal patterns, road and airport traffic volumes, and on the relationship with weather and other air pollutants. Airport emissions, fresh and aged road traffic, urban accumulation mode, and two secondary sources were then identified and apportioned. The fingerprint of Heathrow has a characteristic modal structure peaking at  < 20 nm and accounts for 30–35 % of total particles in both the seasons. Other main contributors are fresh (24–36 %) and aged (16–21 %) road traffic emissions and urban accumulation from London (around 10 %). Secondary sources accounted for less than 6 % in number concentrations but for more than 50 % in volume concentration. The analysis of a strong regional nucleation event showed that both the cluster categorisation and PMF contributions were affected during the first 6 h of the event. In 2016, the UK government provisionally approved the construction of a third runway; therefore the direct and indirect impact of Heathrow on local air quality is expected to increase unless mitigation strategies are applied successfully.