bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcomes of One‐Stage Arthroscopic Ankle and Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis with External Fixation for Septic Ankle and Hindfoot Arthritis: A Case‐Series Study
Authors: Li Wenjing , Zhang Baozhou , Li Ying , Du Hui , Wu Yong 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesThe occurrence of infection in the ankle and hindfoot presents a formidable surgical challenge. Currently, there is a lack of consensus regarding its treatment strategies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of one‐stage arthroscopic ankle and tibiotalocalcaneal (TTC) arthrodesis with external fixation in the treatment of septic ankle and hindfoot arthritis.MethodsA retrospective consecutive case‐series study was conducted involving six patients diagnosed with acute or chronic septic ankle or hindfoot arthritis, who underwent operative intervention entailing thorough debridement, arthroscopically assisted one‐stage ankle or TTC fusion, and external fixation. The American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle‐hindfoot score and visual analog scale (VAS) pain score were determined preoperatively and at the final follow‐up. Demographic and clinical data, inclusive of perioperative and postoperative complications, were recorded. Comparisons of AOFAS ankle‐hindfoot score and VAS pain score between preoperative measures and those at the final follow‐up were conducted using paired t‐tests or paired Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests.ResultsThe study cohort comprised two males and four females, with a mean age of 48.7 years (range, 26–75) at the time of surgical intervention. At the final follow‐up (mean, 26.5 months; range, 16–48), the AOFAS scores exhibited a significant improvement, ascending from an initial mean of 38.8 (range, 12–57) to 80.0 (range, 54–92) (p = 0.007). VAS scores indicated a substantial reduction in pain, decreasing from 6.5 (range, 4–9) to 0 (range, 0–5) (p = 0.046). All patients had achieved osseous consolidation, with a hindfoot infection control rate of 100%.ConclusionOne‐stage arthroscopic ankle and TTC arthrodesis with external fixation is as an effective therapeutic choice for septic ankle or hindfoot arthritis. This approach yields favorable outcomes characterized by effective infection control, favorable osseous consolidation, and significant functional restoration of the affected limb.
Medically Assisted Reproduction and Partnership Stability
Authors: Pelikh Alina , Remes Hanna , Metsä‐Simola Niina , Goisis Alice 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the increasing use of medically assisted reproduction (MAR) in modern societies, there is limited evidence on whether conceiving with MAR or remaining involuntarily childless after MAR is associated with partnership stability. While older age, the more advantaged socioeconomic position of women undergoing MAR and their strong fertility intentions could lead to higher partnership stability, the experience of infertility and undergoing MAR may have an opposite effect, especially if couples remain involuntarily childless. Using data on Finnish nulliparous couples from 1995–2017 (N = 149,884) and event‐history models, we compare the risk of separation of couples who remained childless after MAR (N = 3871), who conceived through MAR (N = 14,474), who conceived naturally without MAR (N = 167,962) or with a prior history of MAR (N = 2273). Couples who remained childless after MAR had a higher risk of separation than couples who conceived with MAR or naturally. The higher risk of separation decreased over time since the discontinuation of treatments but persisted over the longer term. There were no differences in the risk of separation between couples who conceived with MAR or naturally. The results suggest that involuntary childlessness after MAR is associated with an increased risk of separation while undergoing MAR/experiencing infertility does not seem to play a role.
Effect of maternal prebiotic supplementation on human milk immunological composition: Insights from the SYMBA study
Authors: Divakara Nivedithaa , Dempsey Zac , Saraswati Chitra , Garssen Johan , Silva Desiree , Keelan Jeffrey A. , Christophersen Claus T. , Cooper Matthew N. , Prescott Susan L. , Palmer Debra J. , Verhasselt Valerie , Macchiaverni Patricia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmunomodulatory proteins in human milk (HM) can shape infant immune development. However, strategies to modulate their levels are currently unknown. This study investigated whether maternal prebiotic supplementation alters the levels of immunomodulatory proteins in HM.MethodsThe study was nested within the SYMBA double‐blind randomized controlled trial (ACTRN12615001075572), which investigated the effects of maternal prebiotic (short‐chain galacto‐oligosaccharides/long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides) supplementation from <21 weeks gestation during pregnancy until 6 months postnatal during lactation on child allergic disease risk. Mother–child dyads receiving prebiotics (n = 46) or placebo (n = 54) were included in this study. We measured the levels of 24 immunomodulatory proteins in HM collected at 2, 4, and 6 months.ResultsCluster analysis showed that the overall immunomodulatory protein composition of milk samples from both groups was similar. At 2 months, HM of prebiotic‐supplemented women had decreased levels of TGF‐β1 and TSLP (95% CI: −17.4 [−29.68, −2.28] and −57.32 [−94.22, −4.7] respectively) and increased levels of sCD14 (95% CI: 1.81 [0.17, 3.71]), when compared to the placebo group. At 4 months, IgG1 was lower in the prebiotic group (95% CI: −1.55 [−3.55, −0.12]) compared to placebo group.ConclusionThis exploratory study shows that prebiotic consumption by lactating mothers selectively alters specific immunomodulatory proteins in HM. This finding is crucial for understanding how prebiotic dietary recommendations for pregnant and lactating women can modify the immune properties of HM and potentially influence infant health outcomes through immune support from breastfeeding.
11. Cervicogenic headache and occipital neuralgia
Authors: Lefel Nicole , van Suijlekom Hans , Cohen Steven P. C. , Kallewaard Jan Willem , Van Zundert Jan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionCervicogenic headache (CEH) and occipital neuralgia (ON) are headaches originating in the occiput and that radiate to the vertex. Because of the intimate relationship between structures based in the occiput and those in the upper cervical region, there is significant overlap between the presentation of CEH and ON. Diagnosis starts with a headache history to assess for diagnostic criteria formulated by the International Headache Society. Physical examination evaluates range of motion of the neck and the presence of tender areas or pressure points.MethodsThe literature for the diagnosis and treatment of CEH and ON was searched from 2015 through August 2022, retrieved, and summarized.ResultsConservative treatment includes pain education and self‐care, analgesic medication, physical therapy (such as reducing secondary muscle tension and improving posture), the use of TENS (transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation), or a combination of the aforementioned treatments. Injection at various anatomical locations with local anesthetic with or without corticosteroids can provide pain relief for a short period. Deep cervical plexus block can result in improved pain for less than 6 months. In both CEH and ON, an occipital nerve block can provide important diagnostic information and improve pain in some patients, with PRF providing greater long‐term pain control. Radiofrequency ablation of the cervical facet joints can result in improvement for over 1 year. Occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) should be considered for the treatment of refractory ON.ConclusionThe treatment of CEH preferentially consists of radiofrequency treatment of the facet joints, while for ON, pulsed radiofrequency of the occipital nerves is indicated. For refractory cases, ONS may be considered.
The longitudinal patterns of depression subtypes and stressors in depression severity in the Canadian longitudinal study on aging (CLSA)
Authors: Su Yingying , Li Muzi , Schmitz Norbert , Meng Xiangfei 
Published: September 2024

AimThe current study aims to characterize the longitudinal patterns of depression subtypes and investigate the associations among the stability of depression subtypes, COVID‐19‐related stressors, and depression severity.MethodsThe study utilized data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging, which is a national, long‐term study of Canadian adults aged 45 and older (n = 12,957). Latent profile analysis was used to identify latent depression subtypes. Latent transition analysis was then applied to assess the stability of these subtypes over time. Hierarchical multivariate linear regression was used to explore the relationships among these identified depression subtypes, COVID‐19‐related stressors, and depression severity among males and females, respectively.ResultsDistinct depression subtypes were identified. Except for atypical depression, other depression subtypes showed greater stability over time. We also found that melancholic depression (B = 9.432) and typical depression (B = 6.677) were strongly associated with depression severity during the pandemic. Health‐related stressors (B = 0.840), conflict (B = 3.639), difficulties accessing resources (B = 0.927), separation from family (B = 0.840), and caregiving experience (B = 0.764), were significantly associated with increased depression severity. Sex‐specific analyses also revealed differences in the associations between stressors and depression severity between males and females.ConclusionsThis study contributes valuable insights into the latent clustering of depression subtypes and their stability. Stressors were associated with increased depression severity, with distinct associations observed among males and females. These findings have implications for targeted early interventions and integrated clinical management strategies by providing the evidence base for tailored mental health care during and after the pandemic.
Affective evaluation and exposure perception of everyday mobile phone usage situations
Authors: Link Sarah C. , Eggeling Marie , Abacioglu Ferdinand , Boehmert Christoph 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTo understand citizens’ reactions to the 5G rollout, their affective reaction and perception of radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF‐EMF) exposure are of interest. Although precursor studies on 2G–4G have investigated exposure perception mostly quantitatively, the present study applied a qualitative exploratory approach. A number of 35 individual interviews and 6 focus groups with the same participants were conducted in December 2022. Participants were recruited from several locations in Germany, where 5G rollout was at different stages. Interactive tasks, particularly an affective evaluation task and a ranking task, encouraged participants to consider their affect regarding mobile communications and their exposure perception. This approach allowed the participants to first engage with the topic of mobile communications/5G in an intuitive way, before talking about their specific beliefs on RF‐EMF exposure. Several pictures showing a person (1) interacting with a mobile phone, (2) surrounded by other peoples’ mobile phones, or (3) in the vicinity of mobile phone base stations (antennas) were used as stimulus materials. Data were analyzed using an exploratory content analysis. In the affective evaluation task participants revealed more negative associations with base stations than with mobile phones. The analysis showed that the reasons for their evaluation were very diverse, whereby exposure to RF‐EMF only played a subordinate role. Further, the ranking task indicated that most participants (n = 20) felt more exposed from base stations than from mobile devices. Results are mostly in‐line with the literature on 2G–4G and do not indicate a substantially different exposure perception for 5G.
Corporate influence, conservative “model bills,” and state economic outcomes
Authors: Biolsi Christopher , Leguizamón J. Sebastián 
Published: September 2024

AbstractResearchers have found positive relationships between economic freedom and economic growth and negative relationships between lobbying and growth. We test the impact of policies induced by lobbying for free markets, using state‐level data to evaluate the effects of high enactment rates for bills advocated by a prominent free‐market lobbyist, the American Legislative Exchange Council (ALEC). Our approach accounts for the probability ALEC targets states. We find that, holding constant existing economic freedom, there is no effect on output, possibly negative effects on employment, and wage increases. States raise more revenue and increase expenditures. Poverty and inequality rise.
Predictors and patterns of suicidal ideation disclosures among American adults
Authors: Rodriguez Taylor R. , Bandel Shelby L. , Daruwala Samantha E. , Anestis Michael D. , Anestis Joye C. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionWhen experiencing suicidal thoughts, many individuals do not tell others, making it difficult to ensure suicide prevention resources reach those who need it.MethodsThe current study utilizes a large sample of US adults who have experienced suicidal ideation in their lifetime (n = 1074) to examine predictors of disclosures. We also explore who participants disclose to and how helpful these disclosures are rated.ResultsA majority (n = 812, 75.6%) reported disclosing. Black and Hispanic participants were less likely to disclose than White participants. Those who were never married were more likely to disclose, as were those who have attempted suicide. Mental healthcare utilization and favorable attitudes toward mental healthcare were also positive predictors of disclosure. More participants reported disclosing to a personal connection (n = 532, 65.5%) than a mental health professional (n = 282, 34.8%). On average, most sources were rated as neither helpful nor harmful.ConclusionThe study highlights those who may be at a higher risk of experiencing suicidal thoughts but going unidentified. To increase helpfulness of disclosures, suicide prevention programming should emphasize training for laypersons and professionals on how to effectively respond when someone reveals that they are thinking of suicide.
Metabolic politics: A comparative synthesis
Authors: Barua Maan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNew arrangements of power are emerging in response to the turbulence generated by the quest to improve life and render it productive. This paper specifies such arrangements by developing the concept of metabolic politics: an apparatus that shifts from discipline to power regulating material, bodily, and environmental transformations. The dominant function of metabolic politics is to render the transformative capacities of living bodies and the circulatory dynamics of materials into object‐targets of governance. Through a comparative analysis of regulating pollution from industrial poultry units in Britain and India, the paper identifies logics of a metabolic politics and distinguishes these from the biopolitics of populations. Metabolic politics entails interventions targeting a milieu rather than deviant populations; its actions are directed at transformative capacities of bodies in addition to improving their productivity; its modes of governance operates via regulation and not just discipline; and its techniques of operation proceed through modulation instead of enclosure. Metabolic politics is a transversal form of power. It is situated and historically contingent, rather than uniform and universal. As a response to crises generated by the industrialisation and cheapening of life, metabolic politics furnishes vital insights into the administration and governance of the contemporary living and material world.
Differentiated Instruction in Chemistry Education
Authors: Ibnuzaman Siti Nur Fatin Hakimah , Mohd Khalid Siti Sarah , Subramani Thulasi , Nazar Siti Atiqah , Baharudin Anis Afidah , Razak Siti Aminah Mohamad 
Published: September 2024

Differentiated Instruction (DI) is a comprehensive approach that addresses a variety of students’ requirements and needs in a classroom environment, including their interests, readiness, and learning styles. The idea behind this approach is based on the belief that every classroom is unique. Thus, educators should review and modify their teaching practice from time to time. Hence, this study aims to identify the learning methods in differentiated instruction, their advantages, and challenges to implement in chemistry education using qualitative methods through semi-structured interviews. Seven secondary school teachers with 10 years of teaching experience in Chemistry were selected purposely for this study. To achieve the research objectives, thematic analysis is used, involving reading through the data and analyzing them according to the themes. The experts validate the updated questioning instrument prepared by the researchers to ensure the validity of the questionnaire. Findings reveal that most of them have specific experiences of using differentiated pedagogy to teach chemistry. Three of them described that students, who tend to master visual-spatial intelligence, can interpret and enhance their understanding of a chemistry concept through drawing, namely for the formation of ionic bonds and covalent bonds. For students, who master linguistic-verbal intelligence, teachers can use presentation activities to enhance their understanding of the chemistry concept. Hence, it can promote active learning, encourage students to ask questions, increase students' confidence level in performing classroom activities and other advantages. Conversely, the difficulty faced by the teachers in implementing DI is time constraint. Hence, differentiated instruction is a valuable and practical approach to addressing the diverse needs of students, promoting engagement, collaboration, and the development of essential skills for lifelong learning. Integrating DI principles can contribute significantly to creating enriching and effective learning environments as education evolves.
Around the Gauss circle problem: Hardy's conjecture and the distribution of lattice points near circles
Authors: Lester Stephen , Wigman Igor 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHardy conjectured that the error term arising from approximating the number of lattice points lying in a radius‐ disc by its area is . One source of support for this conjecture is a folklore heuristic that uses i.i.d. random variables to model the lattice points lying near the boundary and square root cancellation of sums of these random variables. We examine this heuristic by studying how these lattice points interact with one another and prove that their autocorrelation is determined in terms of a random model. Additionally, it is shown that lattice points near the boundary which are “well separated” behave independently. We also formulate a conjecture concerning the distribution of pairs of these lattice points.
Aircraft Electrothermal Pulse Deicing
Authors: Khodakarami Siavash , Agarwal Vaibhav , Kabirzadeh Pouya , Solecki Alexandra , Hoque Muhammad Jahidul , Yang Wentao , Stokowski Nicole , Jacobs Joshua , Chatterji Arindam , Lovelace Edward , Stillwell Andrew , Miljkovic Nenad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ice formation and accumulation on aircraft is a major problem in aviation. Icing is directly responsible for aircraft incidents, limiting the safety of air travel and requiring expensive, and sometimes ineffective deicing strategies. Furthermore, electrification of aircraft platforms leads to difficulties with integration of legacy deicing methods such as pneumatic boots. In this work, we study electrothermal pulse deicing capable of efficient and rapid removal of ice from aircraft wings. The pulse approach enables the efficient melting of a thin (&lt;100 μm) ice layer on the wing surface to limit parasitic heat losses. Only the interface is melted, with the rest of the ice sliding on the melt lubrication layer due to aerodynamic forces. To study pulse deicing, we developed a transient thermal-hydrodynamic numerical model that accounts for multiple phases and materials, specific and latent heating effects, melt layer hydrodynamics, as well as boundary layer effects. To identify optimal deicing strategies, we use our model to study the effects of heater thickness (50 μm &lt; th &lt; 1 mm), substrate electrical insulation thickness (10 μm &lt; ti &lt; 1 mm), pulse duration (0.4 s &lt; Δtpulse &lt; 4.5 s), and pulse energy. Optimum operating points are identified for large (Boeing-747), midsize (Embraer-E175), and small (Cessna-172) aircraft. The scale-dependent thermal-hydraulic model results are used to estimate input conditions required for deicing and integrated into an electrical model considering energy storage, power electronics, integration, and layout, to achieve overall volumetric and gravimetric power density optimization.
Coupled Wall Boiling and Population Balance Model for High Void Fraction Flows Under Sub-Cooled Nucleate Boiling Regime: Model Development and Validation
Authors: Tom Sachin , Srivastava Atul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The subcooled flow boiling of water in a vertical annulus channel is studied numerically at low-pressure conditions. The two-fluid model is developed with flow-regime dependent interfacial transfers for mass, momentum, and energy using the algebraic interfacial area density (AIAD) framework. A discrete population balance model is used to mechanistically determine the vapor bubble diameter in the flow channel by considering the bubble aggregation and breakup effects. Energy balance at the heated wall for the subcooled nucleate boiling is handled using a suitable wall boiling model. A coupling is achieved between the discrete population balance and the wall boiling model for the nucleation and the growth rate of the vapor bubbles along the heated wall. The developed model simulates the reference experimental cases of flow boiling in a vertical channel for various flow and thermal conditions. At low wall heat flux, the wall boiling generates vapor bubbles near the heated wall and within the bubbly flow regime. With an increase in the wall heat flux, the aggregation and evaporation cause the formation of larger bubbles, which progress toward the flow channel core region, a phase that is representative of the transitional flow regime. The model's capability to predict such flow regime transition is validated with the experimental results. The bubble aggregation is found to be dominant compared to the breakup, and thus, proper choice of the aggregation factor is important for the accurate prediction of vapor parameters for the subcooled flow boiling at low-pressure conditions.
GPDs and Gravitational Form Factors of Nucleons (Quark and Gluon Contributions)
Authors: Selyugin O. V. , Teryaev O. V. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Taking into account the recent parameterizations of parton distribution functions (PDFs), the momentum transfer dependence of generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of nucleons is obtained in the limit $$\xi\to 0$$. The gravitational quark and gluon form factors of nucleons are calculated. It is shown that the gluon gravitational radius of the nucleon is comparable to the electromagnetic radius of the proton. The power dependence of form factors is investigated. As a result, it was obtained that the quark gravitational form factor is reproduced by the dipole form, while the form of the gluon gravitation form factor corresponds to the triple form.