bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of procalcitonin in septicemia
Authors: Khan Azhar Ali , Singh Reeta , Singh Pavan Kumar 
Published: March 2017

Background: Sepsis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis and treatment with adequate antimicrobial therapy are essential for successful treatment. Despite the use of available treatment modalities mortality in sepsis remains high, often due to delayed diagnosis and treatment.Methods: A total of 60 patients were enrolled from Nehru Hospital, B.R.D. Medical College, Gorakhpur during the study period July 2013 to July 2014. All the patients were subjected to detailed clinical examination and investigations. Patient’s clinical profile, progression of disease and outcome were recorded. PCT and various other relevant factors were measured in all study subjects. The study was designed to assess the levels of serum PCT in patients with septicemia and to see whether serum PCT level correlates with severity of septicemia and survival outcome.Results: Procalcitonin is a useful marker for severity of infection. High procalcitonin level is highly specific for infection. Low procalcitonin level cannot be used safely to exclude the presence of infection. Higher level of serum procalcitonin predicts mortality better than other parameters available.Conclusions: From present study we can conclude that although sepsis is mainly a clinical diagnosis and its severity can be assessed by scores like APACHE II, but serum procalcitonin is a good marker for the assessing severity of the sepsis. Serum procalcitonin can aid in early diagnosis as it appears in blood earlier than other markers.
Em busca da história perdida: resgate do patrimônio imaterial da cidade de Areia/PB
Authors: Costa Sinthya Pinheiro , Silva Sáskia Lavyne Barbosa da , Melo Adriano Ferreira de , Félix Diego Luis Dos Santos , Silva Gilberto Batista da , Costa Lucineide Clementino da 
Published: March 2017

<p class="Default">O patrimônio cultural e natural é fonte insubstituível de vida e inspiração, nosso ponto de referência, nossa identidade.Todos os vestígios deixados pelas gerações passadas são fontes históricas que podem ser analisadas pelos historiadores para produzir conhecimento histórico. Com tanto valor cultural, a cidade foi escolhida como cenário do projeto de extensão que objetivava resgatar o patrimônio imaterial da cidade de Areia/PB a partir das histórias contadas por pessoas da comunidade, que dispunham de informações que contribuíssem para fortalecer os valores e a herança cultural deste povo. Para alcançar esse objetivo, foi realizado um diagnóstico do patrimônio imaterial da cidade definindo as fontes das informações e posteriormente realizado um resgate da história contada através das escutas a comunidade. A partir dos dados coletados, chegou-se a 14 sujeitos que partilharam sua história, valores, tradição, arte. Estes sujeitos e sua história compuseram uma exposição fotográfica e serviram como inspiração na elaboração de um Cordel. A exposição teve 304 visitantes e aconteceu no Casarão José Rufino, na cidade de Areia.</p>
The study of the impacts of â€˜Runningâ€™ on the contact area of soles and maximal strength among elite middle distance runners
Authors: Uzun Ahmet , Aydos Latif , Kaya Metin , Yuksel Mehmet Fatih , Pekel Hacı Ahmet 
Published: March 2017

It is possible that running training for many years in athletics affects athletes' running patterns and sole structure. The main aim of this study is to examine the effect of maximal force applied to the floor area and contact area of the athletes with related to mid-distance training for athletics. 18 male athletes who represent Turkey on the International area and another 25 male volunteers who form the control group from the participants of the study. The sole pressure measurement of the participants was performed through the use of EMED-SF (Novel H, Munich, Germany) plantar pressure analysis system (pedobarographic analysis). In the study, significant differences were found in heel medial, heel lateral, foot middle, 2nd, 3rd and 4th metatars heads and left foot 3rd, 4th, 5th finger in the contact area values of the right and left foot averages. Besides, significant differences were found in heel medial, middle part of feet, 2nd and 3rd metatars heads and 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th fingers in maximal force values. Athletes have pressed on sole of the feet more as a result of long-term training and as a consequence this pressure caused a change of the soles contact area and maximal strength. Also it can be said that they have used forefront part of soles more actively during running and walking.

Keywords: runner foot sole, contact area, middle distance, pedobarographic.
Differences in anger, aggression, bullying among adolescents in different self-esteem groups
Authors: Valiune Dovile , Perminas Aidas 
Published: March 2017

The purpose of the study was to compare anger, aggression, bullying among adolescents in three self-esteem groups. Rosenberg Self-esteem scale and Buss & Perry Aggression questionnaire were used for the study. Bullying was measured with questions:Â How often have you been bullied by other students? How often have you bullied someone? 575 adolescents participated in the study. Results showed that the scores of physical aggression, anger, hostility, bullying victims wereÂ significantly higher in lowest self-esteem group compared with middle and high self-esteem groups among girls. It was found that the scores of anger were significantly higher in lowest self-esteem group compared with middle and high self-esteem groups among boys. The scores of hostility were significantly higher in lowest self-esteem group compared with middle and highest self-esteem groups among boys. Also the hostility was significantly higher in middle self-esteem group compared with the highest self-esteem group among boys. The scores of bullying victims were significantly higher in lowest self-esteem group compared with highest self-esteem groups among boys. The results indicated that the issue of adolescent anger related problem such hostility, bullying victims, self-esteem must be underlined in educational and counseling programs.Â Â Keywords: anger; aggression; bullying; self-esteem; adolescence.Â Â
Prediction of Periodontitis Occurrence: Influence of Classification and Sociodemographic and General Health Information
Authors: Leite Fábio R.M. , Peres Karen G. , Do Loc G. , Demarco Flávio F. , Peres Marco A.A. 
Published: March 2017

Background: Prediction of periodontitis development is challenging. Use of oral health–related data alone, especially in a young population, might underestimate disease risk. This study investigates accuracy of oral, systemic, and socioeconomic data on estimating periodontitis development in a population‐based prospective cohort.Methods: General health history and sociodemographic information were collected throughout the life‐course of individuals. Oral examinations were performed at ages 24 and 31 years in the Pelotas 1982 birth cohort. Periodontitis at age 31 years according to six classifications was used as the gold standard to compute area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Multivariable binomial regression models were used to evaluate the effects of oral health, general health, and socioeconomic characteristics on accuracy of periodontitis development prediction.Results: Complete data for 471 participants were used. Periodontitis classifications with lower thresholds yielded superior predictive power. Calculus, pocket, or bleeding presence at age 24 years separately presented fair accuracy. Accuracy increased using multivariable models; for example, the Beck et al. classification AUC from 0.59 to 0.75 combining proportion of teeth with calculus, bleeding, or pocket with income; number of lost teeth; sex; education; people living in the house; prosthetic needs; or number of decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT). Proportion of teeth with pocket, bleeding, or calculus; number of DMFT; toothbrushing frequency; blood pressure; sex; and income were most frequently associated.Conclusions: Choice of classification might have an impact on accuracy to predict periodontitis occurrence. Regardless of the classification, predictive value for development of periodontitis in young adults might be increased by combining periodontal information, sociodemographic information, and general health history.
A Sialidase‐Deficient Porphyromonas gingivalis Mutant Strain Induces Less Interleukin‐1β and Tumor Necrosis Factor‐α in Epi4 Cells Than W83 Strain Through Regulation of c‐Jun N‐Terminal Kinase Pathway
Authors: Li Chen , Yang Xue , Pan Yaping , Yu Ning , Xu Xiaoyu , Tong Tong , Tang Xiaolin , Zhang Dongmei , Liu Jingbo , Lin Li 
Published: March 2017

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the major periodontal pathogens. In a previous study, a mouse abscess model showed that sialidase deficiency of P. gingivalis weakened its virulence, but the mechanism behind this observation remains unknown.Methods: A sialidase‐deficient mutant strain (△PG0352) and a complemented strain (com△PG0352) were constructed. Epi4 cells were stimulated by wild‐type strain P. gingivalis W83, △PG0352, or com△PG0352. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was carried out to detect expression of virulent genes in P. gingivalis and interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α in epi4 cells. Activities of sialidase, gingipains, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were compared among the different P. gingivalis strains. Levels of IL‐1β and TNF‐α in the epi4 cells supernatant were detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and levels of p38, extracellular signal‐regulated kinase, c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), and phospho‐c‐Jun were detected by western blotting.Results: Compared with P. gingivalis W83 and com△PG0352, activities of Kgp and Rgp gingipains and amount of LPS decreased in △PG0352, whereas there were no differences in LPS activity among these three strains. Level of phospho‐JNK was lower in epi4 cells stimulated by △PG0352. △pG0352 induced less IL‐1β and TNF‐α and more IL‐8 in epi4 cells; differences in IL‐1β and TNF‐α could not be detected after JNK blocking.Conclusion: A sialidase‐deficient P. gingivalis mutant strain induces less IL‐1β and TNF‐α in epi4 cells than W83 strain through regulation of JNK pathway.
Glenoid Erosion Leading to Contact with Retained Metallic Suture Anchors: Bilateral Metallosis After Bilateral Shoulder Hemiarthroplasty
Authors: Mitchell Justin J. , Tahal Dimitri S. , Katthagen J. Christoph , Vap Alexander R. , Millett Peter J. 
Published: March 2017

Case:
Hemiarthroplasty of the shoulder is commonly indicated for younger patients with osteoarthritis who desire to continue recreational and employment activities. In patients who have undergone prior shoulder surgery, metallic suture anchors may be present in the glenoid. We present a case of bilateral shoulder metallosis following bilateral resurfacing hemiarthroplasty for arthropathy in the setting of previous shoulder instability; the prostheses caused eventual glenoid erosion, leading to contact with the retained metal anchors.

Conclusion:
Because glenoid erosion is a common complication after shoulder hemiarthroplasty, patients with retained metal anchors are at risk for secondary metallosis due to medial protrusion of the prosthesis in the glenoid, with subsequent erosion of the metal anchors.
A Rare Case of Congenital Tibiofemoral Fusion with Bilateral Proximal Femoral Focal Deficiency
Authors: Imthiaz V.K. , Shah Krupa , Shah Hitesh 
Published: March 2017

Case:We report a unique combination of neonatal bilateral proximal femoral focal deficiency with a congenital tibiofemoral fusion of the right leg.Conclusion:To the best of our knowledge, the combination of proximal femoral focal deficiency and the congenital absence of the knee joint in a child has not previously been reported.
Tears of the Subscapularis Tendon
Authors: Ono Yohei , Sakai Tadahiro , Carroll Michael J. , Lo Ian K.Y. 
Published: March 2017

➢ With the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy, the diagnosis and treatment of subscapularis tendon tears have been increasingly reported.➢ The patient history and physical examination findings are important to heighten the suspicion of a subscapularis tendon tear and to distinguish acute traumatic tears from degenerative tears.➢ While nonoperative treatment is the primary option for subscapularis tendon tears, surgery may be considered for acute traumatic tears and tears for which nonoperative treatment has failed.➢ Both open and arthroscopic subscapularis tendon repairs have provided good clinical outcomes.➢ For arthroscopic repair, maximizing visualization is paramount to recognizing the subscapularis tendon tear and allowing anatomical repair.
Fragility Fractures of the Pelvis
Authors: Rommens Pol Maria , Wagner Daniel , Hofmann Alexander 
Published: March 2017

➢ Fragility fractures of the pelvis exhibit different morphological characteristics and occur as a result of different mechanisms than high-energy pelvic ring lesions. The degree of instability may increase over time.➢ A new comprehensive classification system distinguishes between different degrees of instability and different locations of the fractures in the posterior pelvic ring.➢ The majority of fragility fractures of the pelvis have nondisplaced components in the posterior part of the pelvic ring. These types of fragility fractures are treated nonoperatively with pain therapy and mobilization as tolerated. A multidisciplinary approach is needed to ameliorate the general condition of the patient and to treat underlying metabolic abnormalities.➢ Because one of the primary goals of treatment is functional recovery, restoring stability is more important than restoring perfect anatomy.➢ Less-invasive stabilization techniques are preferable to open reduction and internal fixation for the treatment of posterior and anterior pelvic ring instabilities.
Treatment of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Dekker Travis J. , Dekker Paige K. , Tainter David M. , Easley Mark E. , Adams Samuel B. 
Published: March 2017

➢ Osteochondral lesions of the talus remain difficult pathological entities to treat and require the utilization of a combination of conventional radiographs, computed tomographic scans, and magnetic resonance images to determine osseous involvement. Along with the size of the lesion, these characteristics will dictate the treatment required to obtain a satisfactory clinical result.➢ Operative treatment should be reserved for patients who have mechanical symptoms following an acute osteochondral lesion of the talus or who are not satisfied with the result after 3 to 6 months of nonoperative treatment.➢ The gold standard of operative treatment for lesions measuring <1.5 cm2 remains microfracture. Repair, replacement, or regenerative procedures should be considered for patients with refractory lesions or larger lesions.
Anterior Approach for Ankle Arthrodesis
Authors: Dekker Robert G. , Kadakia Anish R. 
Published: March 2017

End-stage ankle arthritis may be treated successfully with either an ankle arthrodesis or arthroplasty. Both surgical interventions have demonstrated success with regard to pain relief and function. Ankle arthrodesis is indicated for patients with recalcitrant ankle pain despite appropriate nonoperative intervention. Patients who have a history of posttraumatic arthritis from a high-energy injury, soft-tissue compromise, limited range of motion, or deformity may be superior candidates for arthrodesis. The surgical technique can be undertaken with either an open or an arthroscopic approach. An open anterior approach with an anatomic precontoured locking plate is ideal for patients with deformity and/or bone loss. Additionally, the use of a precontoured plate assists with achieving a neutral alignment in both the coronal and the sagittal plane, which is critical to the long-term success of the procedure. No hardware, however, substitutes for appropriate surgical technique, which is the focus of this video article.
The procedure includes the following steps:An anterior extensile incision is made immediately lateral to the anterior tibial tendon, extending to the level of the talonavicular joint.Dissection is taken with care to avoid the superficial peroneal nerve in the distal aspect of the incision. The extensor retinaculum is incised either longitudinally or in a z-shaped fashion to facilitate closure.Deep dissection may be taken through the sheath of the anterior tibial tendon, which substantially decreases the risk of injury to the deep neurovascular bundle. Alternatively, dissection may be taken through the extensor hallucis longus (EHL) to avoid violation of the anterior tibial tendon sheath. The neurovascular bundle is directly posterior to the EHL at the level of the ankle joint.The ankle joint is exposed, with the removal of tibial and talar osteophytes.The joint surfaces are prepared.The precontoured ankle arthrodesis plate, which is used to improve alignment, is positioned and placed.Compression is achieved using the “Achilles tension band technique,” which furthers compression through the ankle.An additional transarticular screw is placed.

The expected outcome of the procedure, based on recent clinical outcomes, is osseous union, and the rate of union has been reported to range from 91% to 96%. Improvement in function and pain relief are associated with a successful arthrodesis. Despite a slow deterioration of functional outcomes and radiographic progression of arthritis, clinical improvement with a high rate of patient satisfaction has been noted at a mean of 9 years postoperatively.
Aportaciones a la salud de los mexicanos
Authors: Frenk Julio 
Published: March 2017

Me emociona profundamente estar hoy aquí para celebrar con ustedes el trigésimo aniversario del Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública y el nonagésimo quinto aniversario de la Escuela de Salud Pública de México. Debemos sentirnos felices, pues hay muy buenas razones para celebrar. Varias de estas razones se exponen en el libro que me pidieron comentar y que resume las aportaciones del Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP) a las políticas públicas..
Research on the distribution of aerodynamic noises of high-speed trains
Authors: Lu Wei Te , Wang Yan , Zhang Chun Qin 
Published: March 2017

This paper established a computational model for the aerodynamic noise of a high-speed train with 3-train formation including 3 bodies, 6 bogies, 2 windshields and 1 pantograph system. Based on Lighthill acoustic theory, this paper adopted large eddy simulation (LES) and FW-H model to conduct numerical simulation for the aerodynamic noise of high-speed trains and analyzed the distribution of aerodynamic flow behavior and noises of the whole train. Researched results showed that the main aerodynamic noise sources of high-speed trains were in pantograph, pantograph region, streamlined region of head train, bogies, bogie region, windshield region, air conditioning and other regions. Pantograph head, junction of upper arm and lower arm, and chassis region were main aerodynamic noise sources of pantograph. Compared with other 5 bogies, bogie at the first end of head train was main aerodynamic noise source. In addition, vortex shedding and fluid separation were main reasons for the aerodynamic noise of high-speed trains. When the high-speed train ran at the speed of 300 km/h and 400 km/h, the main energy of the whole train focused on the range of 1000 Hz-4000 Hz. Aerodynamic noises were broadband noises in the analyzed frequency domain. At the longitudinal observation point which was 25 m away from the center line of track and 25 m away from the nose tip of head train, the total noise sound pressure level reached up to maximum values 96.5 dBA and 101.4 dBA, respectively. Compared with inflow, wake flow had a greater influence on the aerodynamic noise around high-speed trains. The main radiation direction of pantograph aerodynamic noises was the left and right sides of pantograph head. In addition, the main radiation energy of pantograph aerodynamic noises was in mid-high frequency. In the part of high frequency, pantograph head made the greatest contribution to aerodynamic noises in the far field.
Redox Biotransformation and Delivery of Anthracycline Anticancer Antibiotics: How Interpretable Structure-activity Relationships of Lethality Using Electrophilicity and the London Formula for Dispersion Interaction Work
Authors: Pang Siu-Kwong 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Quantum chemical methods and molecular mechanics approaches face a
lot of challenges in drug metabolism study because of either insufficient accuracy, huge computational
cost, or lack of clear molecular level pictures for building computational models. Low-cost
QSAR methods can often be carried out, even though molecular level pictures are not well defined;
however, they show difficulty in identifying the mechanisms of drug metabolism and delineating
the effects of chemical structures on drug toxicity because a certain amount of molecular descriptors
are difficult to be interpreted.

Objective:
In order to make a breakthrough of QSAR, mechanistically interpretable molecular descriptors
were used to correlate with biological activity to establish structure-activity plots. The biological
activity is the lethality of anthracycline anticancer antibiotics denoted as log LD50. The
mechanistically interpretable molecular descriptors include electrophilicity and the mathematical
function in the London formula for dispersion interaction.

Method:
The descriptors were calculated using quantum chemical methods.

Results:
The plots for electrophilicity, which is interpreted as redox reactivity of anthracyclines, can
describe oxidative degradation for detoxification and reductive bioactivation for toxicity induction.
The plots for the dispersion interaction function, which represents the attraction between anthracyclines
and biomolecules, can describe efflux from and influx into the target cells of toxicity. The
plots can also identify three structural scaffolds of anthracyclines that have different metabolic
pathways, resulting in their different toxicity behavior.

Conclusion:
This structure-dependent toxicity behavior revealed in the plots can provide perspectives
on drug design and drug metabolism study.