bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the internal dualism of the informal sector: evidence from the European Union
Authors: Williams Colin C. , Horodnic Ioana Alexandra , Windebank Jan 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
To transcend the current debates about whether participation in the informal sector is a result of informal workers “exclusion” or their voluntary “exit” from the formal sector, the purpose of this paper is to propose and evaluate the existence of a dual informal labour market composed of an exit-driven “upper tier” and exclusion-driven “lower-tier” of informal workers.

Design/methodology/approach
To do this, data from a 2013 Eurobarometer survey involving 27,563 face-to-face interviews across the European Union is reported.

Findings
The finding is that in the European Union, there is a dual informal labour market with those participating in the informal sector due to their exclusion from the formal sector being half the number of those doing so to voluntarily exit the formal sector. Using a logistic regression analysis, the exclusion-driven “lower tier” is identified as significantly more likely to be populated by the unemployed and those living in East-Central Europe and the exit-driven “upper tier” by those with few financial difficulties and living in Nordic nations.

Research limitations/implications
The results reveal the need not only to transcend either/or debates about whether participants in the informal sector are universally exclusion-or exit-driven, and to adopt a both/and approach that recognises a dual informal labour market composed of an exit-driven upper tier and exclusion-driven lower tier, but also for wider research on the relative sizes of these two tiers in individual countries and other global regions, along with which groups populate these tiers.

Originality/value
This is the first evaluation of the internal dualism of the informal sector in the European Union.
Work-related stress in forensic mental health professionals: a systematic review
Authors: Brown Darcy , Igoumenou Artemis , Mortlock Anna-marie , Gupta Nitin , Das Mrigendra 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the prevalence of stress and burnout among forensic mental health (FMH) professionals.

Design/methodology/approach
A systematic review of the available literature accessed by relevant databases was conducted.

Findings
This study concluded that FMH suffer from moderate levels of both stress and burnout. There is insufficient evidence to establish that they suffer from higher levels of stress than their non-forensic colleagues. Interventions such as psychosocial intervention training have been reported to demonstrate an improvement in staff knowledge and attitudes towards patients, whilst reducing burnout.

Practical implications
Stress in FMH is a cause of concern. Conclusions drawn are applicable only to nursing staff as other professions were not adequately represented. As most studies used the burnout scores, results were directly comparable. Further research is needed to fully evaluate stress and burnout in professionals who work within FMH settings.

Originality/value
High levels of stress and burnout have negative effects on an individual’s ability to work and subsequently there is a financial and also moral incentive for the management of health service workforces to intervene. This study highlights that FMH, as a population, are at risk.
Negative relating styles of learning-disabled and non-learning-disabled offenders
Authors: Craven Rachel , Tonkin Matthew 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to compare learning-disabled (LD) and non-LD offenders in terms of their relating styles and to examine the relationship between relating styles and offence types.

Design/methodology/approach
Two groups of male offenders completed the Person’s Relating to Others Questionnaire – Version 3 (PROQ3) and were compared using an independent groups design. An adapted version of the PROQ3 was given to the first group, which consisted of 18 LD offenders detained within a mental health hospital. The second group consisted of 30 offenders detained within a Category B prison in the UK. Offenders were assigned to one of four offence categories (violence, homicide, sexual and robbery) and compared in terms of their PROQ3 scores.

Findings
The findings suggest that the sample of LD offenders had increased relating deficits compared to the non-LD offenders. The LD offenders achieved higher scores on four of the eight PROQ3 subscales; Upper Neutral (UN), Upper Close (UC), Neutral Close (NC), Lower Distant, and the total score. Significant differences were found on the UN, NC, Neutral Distant (ND), Upper Distant (UD) subscales and the total score for the robbery offenders compared to the other offence categories. Violent offenders achieved higher scores on the UC and Lower Distant subscales.

Practical implications
The need for research to focus on evaluating the treatment needs of lower functioning offenders in order to aid the development of LD-specific interventions. The need to evaluate the appropriateness of adapting mainstream offence focussed programmes for the LD population, given that there are potentially different treatment needs between these two distinct groups.

Originality/value
The results indicate that cognitive functioning is associated with higher levels of interpersonal deficit, suggesting increased treatment needs for the LD offender population. The study also highlighted that different treatment needs exist between the LD and non-LD offenders.
Investigation of photovoltaic properties of nanostructure indoline dye-sensitised solar cells using changes in assembling materials
Authors: Hosseinnezhad Mozhgan , Gharanjig Kamaladin 
Published: July 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study assembling parameters in dye-sensitised solar cells (DSSCs) performance. For this end, 3a,7a-dihydroxy-5ß-cholanic acid (cheno) are selected as anti-aggregation agent and two solutions, namely, tetrabutyl ammonium iodide and (PMII)IL used as electrolyte.

Design/methodology/approach
A series of organic dyes were selected using N-substituents carbazole as electron donor group and acrylic acid and cyanoacrylic acid as electron acceptor groups. Absorption properties of purified dyes were studied in solution and on photoelectrode substrate. DSSCs were prepared in the presence of anti-aggregation agent and different electrolyte to determine the photovoltaic performance of each dyes.

Findings
The results showed that all organic dyes form J-aggregation on the photoanode substrate in the absence of anti-aggregation agent and the amounts of aggregation were reduced in the presence of anti-aggregation agent. DSSCs were fabricated in the presence of anti-aggregation agent. The photovoltaic properties were improved using tetrabutyl ammonium iodide as electrolyte. The maximum power conversion efficiency was achieved for D12 in the presence of cheno and tetrabutyl ammonium iodide as anti-aggregation agent and electrolyte, respectively.

Social implications
Organic dye attracts more and more attention due to low cost, facile route synthesis and less hazardous.

Originality/value
The effect of anti-aggregation agent and electrolyte on DSSCs performance was investigated for the first time.
Reassortant DS‐1‐like G1P[4] Rotavirus A strains generated from co‐circulating strains in Vietnam, 2012/2013
Authors: Agbemabiese Chantal Ama , Nakagomi Toyoko , Nguyen Minh Quang , Gauchan Punita , Nakagomi Osamu 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTOne major mechanism by which Rotavirus A (RVA) evolves is genetic reassortment between strains with different genotype constellations. However, the parental strains of the reassortants generated have seldom been identified. Here, the whole genome of two suspected reassortants, RVA/Human‐wt/VNM/SP127/2013/G1P[4] and RVA/Human‐wt/VNM/SP193/2013/G1P[4], with short RNA electropherotypes were examined by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and their ancestral phylogenies reconstructed. Their genotype constellation, G1‐P[4]‐I2‐R2‐C2‐M2‐A2‐N2‐T2‐E2‐H2, indicated that they were G1 VP7 mono‐reassortants possessing DS‐1‐like genetic backbones. The two strains were ≧99.7% identical across the genome. While their VP7 genes were ≧99.7 identical to that of a Wa‐like strain RVA/Human‐wt/VNM/SP110/2012/G1P[8] which co‐circulated during the 2012/2013 season, 10 genes were ≧99.8% identical to that of the DS‐1‐like strains RVA/Human‐wt/VNM/SP015/2012/G2P[4] (and SP108) that co‐circulated during the season. The identities were consistent with the phylogenetic relationships observed between the genes of the reassortants and those of the afore‐mentioned strains. Consequently, the G1P[4] strains appear to have been generated by genetic reassortment between SP110‐like and SP015‐like strains. In conclusion, this study provides robust molecular evidence for the first time that G1P[4] strains detected in Hanoi Vietnam were generated by inter‐genogroup reassortment between co‐circulating G1P[8] and G2P[4] strains within the same place and season.
Man vs. Machine: A Junior‐Level Laboratory Exercise Comparing Human and Instrumental Detection Limits
Authors: Elias Ryan J. , Hopfer Helene , Hofstaedter Amanda N. , Hayes John E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe human nose is a very sensitive detector and is able to detect potent aroma compounds down to low ng/L levels. These levels are often below detection limits of analytical instrumentation. The following laboratory exercise is designed to compare instrumental and human methods for the detection of volatile odor active compounds. Reference standards of 3‐mercapto‐1‐hexanol (3MH), a secondary thiol that is important to food quality, are analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC‐FID), and these raw data are provided to students. Students also perform a series of 3‐alternative forced choice (3‐AFC) sensory tests to determine the human detection limits in a series of samples. For both data sets, 2 methods of data analysis (standard deviation of the response and the slope and signal‐to‐noise ratio for GC‐FID data; forced‐choice ascending concentration series method of limits and linear regression for 3‐AFC data) will be used to estimate instrumental detection limits and human thresholds. GC‐FID and 3‐AFC results are then compared by the students to demonstrate the importance of instrumental and human methods for food analysis, and to provide an experiential learning opportunity to critically think through multiple methods of analysis and compare the outcomes of those methods. In completing the laboratory exercise and discussion questions, students will gain an understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of human and instrumental measurements in food analysis, and compare the outcome of common data analysis methods for instrumental and sensory data.
How Looking for Celiac‐Safe Wheat Can Influence Its Technological Properties
Authors: Boukid Fatma , Mejri Mondher , Pellegrini Nicoletta , Sforza Stefano , Prandi Barbara 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBecause of the continuous increase in the prevalence of gluten‐related disorders, selection of wheat with a low content of immunogenic gluten epitopes could be an innovative alternative for prevention. In this review, the focus is on literature data concerning the deallergenization tools of wheat, which are mainly related to breeding approaches (classic and advanced) and processing operations (germination and fermentation). Until now, no safe wheat genotype has been identified, whereas decreasing wheat allergenicity is possible. On the other hand, the decrease of gluten or some of its epitopes can strongly affect technological properties. Thus, obtaining celiac‐safe gluten without affecting the technological properties of wheat could be considered as a new challenge that scientists will be facing. Celiac‐safe wheat‐based product development could be a great revolution in the market of foods for special medical purposes. The present paper is aiming to: (a) review the strategies and the approaches used, or that can be used, for developing low allergenic wheat: their utilities and limits were also discussed and (b) screen the impact of gluten reduction or removal on the quality of wheat end‐use products.
Preparation of Acid‐Resistant Microcapsules with Shell‐Matrix Structure to Enhance Stability of Streptococcus Thermophilus IFFI 6038
Authors: Zhou Huan bin , Chen Jiashu , Li Shunyi , Zhang Jianpan , Zhu Chun e , Ran Hao , Luo Meihua , Pan Xin , Hu Haiyan , Wu Chuanbin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicroencapsulation is an effective technology used to protect probiotics against harsh conditions. Extrusion is a commonly used microencapsulation method utilized to prepare probiotics microcapsules that is regarded as economical and simple to operate. This research aims to prepare acid‐resistant probiotic microcapsules with high viability after freeze‐drying and optimized storage stability. Streptococcus thermophilus IFFI 6038 (IFFI 6038) cells were mixed with trehalose and alginate to fabricate microcapsules using extrusion. These capsules were subsequently coated with chitosan to obtain chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules with shell‐matrix structure. Chitosan‐alginate microcapsules (without trehalose) were also prepared using the same method. The characteristics of the microcapsules were observed by measuring the freeze‐dried viability, acid resistance, and long‐term storage stability of the cells. The viable count of IFFI 6038 in the chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules was 8.34 ± 0.30 log CFU g−1 after freeze‐drying (lyophilization), which was nearly 1 log units g−1 greater than the chitosan‐alginate microcapsules. The viability of IFFI 6038 in the chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules was 6.45 ± 0.09 log CFU g−1 after 120 min of treatment in simulated gastric juices, while the chitosan‐alginate microcapsules only measured 4.82 ± 0.22 log CFU g−1. The results of the long‐term storage stability assay indicated that the viability of IFFI 6038 in chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules was higher than in chitosan‐alginate microcapsules after storage at 25 °C. Trehalose played an important role in the stability of IFFI 6038 during storage. The novel shell‐matrix chitosan‐trehalose‐alginate microcapsules showed optimal stability and acid resistance, demonstrating their potential as a delivery vehicle to transport probiotics.
Effect of Germination and Extrusion on Physicochemical Properties and Nutritional Qualities of Extrudates and Tortilla from Wheat
Authors: Zhu Lijia , Adedeji Akinbode A. , Alavi Sajid 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWheat is the most common grain in the temperate region. Modifying its constituent through food processing improves its functionality and nutrient access. In this study, the combined effect of germination and extrusion on physicochemical properties and nutritional qualities of extrudates and tortilla from wheat was evaluated. Results showed that germination significantly increased (P <0.05) the γ‐aminobutyric acid content in germinated whole wheat (GW) and extruded germinated whole wheat (EGW) as compared to the control of whole wheat (WW). Germination also significantly increased the protein content, reducing sugar and total soluble sugar content in GW, while extrusion had much increasing impact on reducing sugar content in extruded samples. Specific mechanical energy during extrusion was reduced as feed moisture content increased from 20 to 30%. Higher extruder screw speed (350 rpm) led to better expansion ratio at low moisture content (20%) as compared to low screw speed (200 rpm). Extrusion significantly increased the starch digestibility but decreased the protein digestibility in extrudates. Tortilla made from 100% WW had about the same physical characteristics, namely color and rollability, with tortilla made from 85% WW with 15% GW, 85% WW with 15% extruded whole wheat (EW), and 85% WW with 15% EGW. Tortilla made from 85% WW with 15% GW showed the largest diameter, thinnest thickness and least extensibility. A 15% extruded germinated wheat (350 rpm) addition in 85% WW showed significant increase of γ‐aminobutyric acid content in tortilla compared to the control (100% WW).
Simultaneous valorization and biocatalytic upgrading of heavy vacuum gas oil by the biosurfactant‐producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa AK6U
Authors: Ismail Wael Ahmed , Mohamed Magdy El‐Said , Awadh Maysoon N. , Obuekwe Christian , El Nayal Ashraf M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryHeavy vacuum gas oil (HVGO) is a complex and viscous hydrocarbon stream that is produced as the bottom side product from the vacuum distillation units in petroleum refineries. HVGO is conventionally treated with thermochemical process, which is costly and environmentally polluting. Here, we investigate two petroleum biotechnology applications, namely valorization and bioupgrading, as green approaches for valorization and upgrading of HVGO. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa AK6U strain grew on 20% v/v of HVGO as a sole carbon and sulfur source. It produced rhamnolipid biosurfactants in a growth‐associated mode with a maximum crude biosurfactants yield of 10.1 g l−1, which reduced the surface tension of the cell‐free culture supernatant to 30.6 mN m−1 within 1 week of incubation. The rarely occurring dirhamnolipid Rha–Rha–C12–C12 dominated the congeners’ profile of the biosurfactants produced from HVGO. Heavy vacuum gas oil was recovered from the cultures and abiotic controls and the maltene fraction was extracted for further analysis. Fractional distillation (SimDist) of the biotreated maltene fraction showed a relative decrease in the high‐boiling heavy fuel fraction (BP 426–565 °C) concomitant with increase in the lighter distillate diesel fraction (BP 315–426 °C). Analysis of the maltene fraction revealed compositional changes. The number‐average (Mn) and weight‐average (Mw) molecular weights, as well as the absolute number of hydrocarbons and sulfur heterocycles were higher in the biotreated maltene fraction of HVGO. These findings suggest that HVGO can be potentially exploited as a carbon‐rich substrate for production of the high‐value biosurfactants by P. aeruginosa AK6U and to concomitantly improve/upgrade its chemical composition.
Electro‐fermentation triggering population selection in mixed‐culture glycerol fermentation
Authors: Moscoviz Roman , Trably Eric , Bernet Nicolas 
Published: July 2017

SummaryElectro‐fermentation is a new technique that could be used to influence the global metabolism in mixed‐culture fermentation.In this study, a mixed‐culture cathodic electro‐fermentation of glycerol was investigated. Both microbial community structure and metabolic patterns were altered when compared to standard fermentation. This microbial population shift was more significant when the working electrodes were pre‐colonized byGeobacter sulfurreducens,before electro‐fermentation. The electro‐fermenting microbial community was more efficient for producing 1,3‐propanediol with an improved yield of 10% when compared with fermentation controls. Such improvement did not require high energy and total electron input represented < 1% of the total electron equivalents provided only by glycerol. A linear model was developed to estimate the individual metabolic pattern of each operational taxonomic unit. Application of this model compared to the experimental results suggests that the changes in global metabolism were supported by bacterial population selection rather than individual metabolism shift. This study shows for the first time that both fermentation pattern and bacterial community composition can be influenced by electro‐fermentation conditions.
Patterns of health services utilization in the last two weeks of life among cancer patients: Experience in an Australian academic cancer center
Authors: Ong Wee Loon , Khor Richard , Bressel Mathias , Tran Phillip , Tedesco Jo , Tai Keen Hun , Ball David , Duchesne Gillian , Foroudi Farshad 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimTo report the trend in end‐of‐life health services (HS) utilization among cancer patients treated in a large Australian academic cancer center over a 12‐year period.MethodsThis is a retrospective study of cancer patients treated at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre (PMCC), who had documented death between January 2002 and December 2013. Using administrative and billing database, we report on the utilization of different categories of HS within two weeks of death: diagnostic investigations (pathology and radiology), inpatient and outpatient services, and potentially futile interventions (PFI, which include radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery).ResultsOf the 27 926 “active” cancer patients in the study (i.e. those with medical contact at PMCC in the last year of life), 6368 (23%) had documented HS utilization within two weeks of death. 11% and 9% had pathology and radiology investigations respectively, 14% had outpatient clinic appointments, and 7% had hospital admissions. There were 2654 patients (10%) who had PFI within two weeks of death – 2198 (8%) had radiotherapy, 287 (1%) chemotherapy and 267 (1%) surgery. We observed peak HS and PFI utilization in 2004, which then dropped to its lowest in 2009/2010.ConclusionExperience in an Australian cancer center suggests approximately one in four “active” cancer patients had HS utilization, and one in ten had PFI, within two weeks of death. The implementation of palliative care guidelines may reduce some of these potentially wasteful and futile interventions.
Combinations of single nucleotide polymorphisms WWOX‐rs13338697, GALNT14‐rs9679162 and rs6025211 effectively stratify outcomes of chemotherapy in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Lin Wey‐Ran , Hsu Chao‐Wei , Yeh Christopher Sung‐Huan , Chen Yi‐Cheng , Chang Ming‐Ling , Liang Kung‐Hao , Lin Chen‐Chun , Chu Yu‐De , Yeh Chau‐Ting 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimA genome‐wide association study (GWAS) had identified a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), GALNT14‐rs9679162, capable of predicting chemotherapy responses in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we revisited the GWAS database to search for necessary SNPs that could improve our outcome prediction.MethodsA cohort of 116 HCC patients receiving split‐dose chemotherapy composed of 5‐fluorouracil, mitoxantrone and cisplatin was enrolled. The GALNT14‐rs9679162 together with four other leading candidate SNPs (rs6025211, rs715171, LOC105369482‐rs1955024 and WWOX‐rs13338697) was genotyped and correlated with time‐to‐tumor progression (TTP) and overall survival (OS).ResultsGALNT14‐rs9679162‐TT genotype remained an effective predictor for favorable TTP and OS (P = 0.012 and 0.002). Additionally, it was found that WWOX‐rs13338697‐CT genotype was associated with unfavorable TTP (P = 0.031), independent of GALNT14‐rs9679162 genotype (adjusted P = 0.045), and rs6025211‐CT genotype was associated with unfavorable OS (P = 0.014), independent of GALNT14‐rs9679162 genotype (adjusted P = 0.025). Combinations of these SNPs stratified patients into three groups with differential treatment outcomes. Patients with GALNT14‐rs9679162‐TT/WWOX‐rs13338697‐non‐CT genotypes achieved the most favorable treatment outcomes (n = 19; median TTP, median OS and response rate were 3.9 months, 6.8 months and 4/19 [21.1%], respectively); whereas patients with GALNT14‐rs9679162‐non‐TT/rs6025211‐CT genotypes associated with the most unfavorable treatment outcomes (n = 40; median TTP, median OS and response rate were 1.9 months, 3.5 months and 1/40 [2.5%], respectively). The remaining patients constituted a third subgroup with intermediate clinical outcomes.ConclusionsThree genetic variants, GALNT14‐rs9679162, WWOX‐rs13338697 and rs6025211, stratified advanced HCC patients into three groups with differential treatment outcomes.