bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Slip‐resistant bolted connections of stainless steel
Authors: Stranghöner Natalie , Afzali Nariman , de Vries Peter , Schedin Erik , Pilhagen Johan , Cardwell Simon 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe use of stainless steel components can lead to a significant reduction of maintenance costs compared to a structure executed in carbon steel. Because of its high material strength, ductility and corrosion resistance stainless steels are becoming more and more popular as a construction material in both building and civil engineering structures. Consequently slip‐resistant bolted connections made of stainless steel are becoming more important. Slip‐resistant bolted connections are used in joints where slip is not acceptable (because they are subject to reversal of shear load or any other reason) or in joints that are subject to cyclic shear load (to improve the fatigue class of the connecting plates). Existing design codes/standards do not specify slip factors for surface treatments of stainless steel grades, the minimum values of slip factors for common surface treatments/coatings that are specified in EN 1090‐2 are exclusively valid for carbon steels. One of the reasons for this is that stainless steel alloys are thought to suffer more than carbon steels from time dependent behaviour (creep and relaxation) at room temperature. This could lead to higher preload losses and consequently to lower slip factors than used for carbon steels with comparable surface treatment. However, no evidence of this can be found in literature. Creep and relaxation are stress dependant phenomena and the stresses in the components of preloaded bolted connections are locally highly non‐uniform. Therefore, slip factors of different stainless steel grades have to be determined by experiments to investigate the effects of time dependant material behaviour. In this paper the results of slip factor tests on four stainless steel grades are presented and the influence of surface treatments and the preload level on the slip factor of stainless steel slip‐resistant connections is discussed.
A formal approach for detection of security flaws in the android permission system
Authors: Bagheri Hamid , Kang Eunsuk , Malek Sam , Jackson Daniel 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The ever increasing expansion of mobile applications into nearly every aspect of modern life, from banking to healthcare systems, is making their security more important than ever. Modern smartphone operating systems (OS) rely substantially on the permission-based security model to enforce restrictions on the operations that each application can perform. In this paper, we perform an analysis of the permission protocol implemented in Android, a popular OS for smartphones. We propose a formal model of the Android permission protocol in Alloy, and describe a fully automatic analysis that identifies potential flaws in the protocol. A study of real-world Android applications corroborates our finding that the flaws in the Android permission protocol can have severe security implications, in some cases allowing the attacker to bypass the permission checks entirely.
Contribution of reactive oxygen species to the anticancer activity of aminoalkanol derivatives of xanthone
Authors: Sypniewski Daniel , Szkaradek Natalia , Loch Tomasz , Waszkielewicz Anna M. , Gunia-Krzyżak Agnieszka , Matczyńska Daria , Sołtysik Dagna , Marona Henryk , Bednarek Ilona 
Published: November 2017

SummaryReactive oxygen species (ROS) are critically involved in the action of anticancer agents. In this study, we investigated the role of ROS in the anticancer mechanism of new aminoalkanol derivatives of xanthone. Most xanthones used in the study displayed significant pro-oxidant effects similar to those of gambogic acid, one of the most active anticancer xanthones. The pro-oxidant activity of our xanthones was shown both directly (by determination of ROS induction, effects on the levels of intracellular antioxidants, and expression of antioxidant enzymes) and indirectly by demonstrating that the overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase decreases ROS-mediated cell senescence. We also observed that mitochondrial dysfunction and cellular apoptosis enhancement correlated with xanthone-induced oxidative stress. Finally, we showed that the use of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine partly reversed these effects of aminoalkanol xanthones. Our results demonstrated that novel aminoalkanol xanthones mediated their anticancer activity primarily through ROS elevation and enhanced oxidative stress, which led to mitochondrial cell death stimulation; this mechanism was similar to the activity of gambogic acid.
The Class-A GPCR Dopamine D2 Receptor Forms Transient Dimers Stabilized by Agonists: Detection by Single-Molecule Tracking
Authors: Kasai Rinshi S. , Ito Shuichi V. , Awane Ryo M. , Fujiwara Takahiro K. , Kusumi Akihiro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhether class-A G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) exist and work as monomers or dimers has drawn extensive attention. A class-A GPCR dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) is involved in many physiological and pathological processes and diseases, indicating its critical role in proper functioning of neuronal circuits. In particular, D2R homodimers might play key roles in schizophrenia development and amphetamine-induced psychosis. Here, using single-molecule imaging, we directly tracked single D2R molecules in the plasma membrane at a physiological temperature of 37 °C, and unequivocally determined that D2R forms transient dimers with a lifetime of 68 ms in its resting state. Agonist addition prolonged the dimer lifetime by a factor of ~1.5, suggesting the possibility that transient dimers might be involved in signaling.
Prevalence of Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus in Uygur
and Han populations from the Urumqi and Kashgar regions of Xinjiang,
China
Authors: Zheng Jun , Yang Yang , Cui Meng , Shu Zhan-Jun , Han Li-Li , Liu Zhen-Qiu , Wood Charles , Zhang Tiejun , Zeng Yan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractKaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the infectious etiologic agent
associated with Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric
Castleman disease. It has been shown that high KSHV prevalence and high incidence of
both classic KS and AIDSassociated KS are found mostly among people of Uygur
ethnicity in Xinjiang, while people of Han ethnicity in Xinjiang have a higher KSHV
seroprevalence than those of other Han populations in mainland China. However, it is
still unclear why there is such geographical and population variation in KSHV
distribution in China. In this work, we focused on the populations in the Kashgar
region and Urumqi area, where a total of 1294 research subjects were randomly
selected to investigate the potential correlation between KSHV prevalence and
different ethnicities in endemic areas of Xinjiang, and to determine risk factors
that may affect KSHV infection rates or KS incidence. We identified a high
seroprevalence of KSHV and high peripheral blood DNA infection in the general Uygur
and Han populations in both Urumqi and Kashgar regions of Xinjiang, and determined
that advancing age, low education level, and stationary population status affect
KSHV infection rates. Further, KSHV-positive Uygur participants were shown to have
higher prevalence of neutralizing antibodies and neutralizing antibody titers than
KSHV-positive Han participants.
The regulatory role of protein phosphorylation in human
gammaherpesvirus associated cancers
Authors: Wang Yuyan , Banerjee Shuvomoy , Ding Ling , Cai Cankun , Wei Fang , Cai Qiliang 
Published: November 2017

AbstractActivation of specific sets of protein kinases by intracellular signal molecules
has become more and more apparent in the past decade. Phosphorylation, one of key
posttranslational modification events, is activated by kinase or regulatory protein
and is vital for controlling many physiological functions of eukaryotic cells such
as cell proliferation, differentiation, malignant transformation, and signal
transduction mediated by external stimuli. Moreovers, the reversible modification of
phosphorylation and dephosphorylation can result in different features of the target
substrate molecules including DNA binding, protein-protein interaction, subcellular
location and enzymatic activity, and is often hijacked by viral infection.
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi’s sarcomaassociated herpesvirus (KSHV), two
human oncogenic gamma-herpesviruses, are shown to tightly associate with many
malignancies. In this review, we summarize the recent progresses on understanding of
molecular properties and regulatory modes of cellular and viral proteins
phosphorylation influenced by these two tumor viruses, and highlight the potential
therapeutic targets and strategies against their related cancers.
‘Lawfare’, US military discourse, and the colonial constitution of law and war
Authors: Irani Freya 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn this article, I aim to reorient debates, in International Relations and Law, about the relationship between law and war. In the last decade, writers have challenged common understandings of law as a limit on, or moderator of, warfare. They have instead claimed that law is often used as a ‘weapon of warfare’, describing such uses as ‘lawfare’. Below, rather than arguing that law is either a constraint on or an enabler of warfare, I examine how law comes to be represented as such. Specifically, I examine representations, primarily by US military and other governmental lawyers, of ‘non-Western’ invocations of the laws of war, which seek to constrain the policies or practices of the US or Israeli governments. I show how these authors cast such invocations as not law at all, but as tools of war. I suggest that this move rests on, and reproduces, colonial discourses of ‘non-Western’ legal inadequacy or excess, which serve to render ‘non-Western’ law ‘violent’ or ‘war-like’. I show that the referents and boundaries of law and war are stabilised by notions of civilisational difference, which serve to give meaning to what law is, what war is, and whether particular claims or practices are understood as martial or legal.
Wisdom of Crowds reveals decline of Asian horseshoe crabs in Beibu Gulf, China
Authors: Liao Yongyan , Hsieh Hwey-Lian , Xu Shuqing , Zhong Qiuping , Lei Juan , Liang Mingzhong , Fang Huaiyi , Xu Lili , Lin Wuying , Xiao Xiaobo , Chen Chang-Po , Cheung Siu Gin , Kwan Billy K. Y. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPopulation decline among Asian horseshoe crabs in Asia is increasingly reported, but knowledge of their population and ecological status in China is limited. We conducted community interviews in 30 fishing villages around Beibu Gulf in Guangxi, China, to collect distribution information about the potential spawning/nursery grounds of Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, and any imminent threats to their populations. Based on the results from 400 respondents we identified 45 potential spawning/nursery grounds distributed widely along the shores of Beibu Gulf. We visited 10 of these sites and verified the presence of juvenile horseshoe crabs by field surveys. Nearly all respondents reported an overall depletion in horseshoe crab populations from these 45 sites, which they attributed mainly to unsustainable fishing practices. Respondents who reported having seen horseshoe crab mating pairs on shores were mostly older people, which may suggest a considerable reduction in horseshoe crabs coming to the shores to spawn in recent years. The mean daily harvest of adult T. tridentatus offshore, as indicated by fishers, has declined from c. 50–1,000 in the 1990s to 0–30 individuals during 2011–2016. Our Wisdom of Crowds approach, supported by confirmatory field surveys, is a cost-effective method for assessing the population status of horseshoe crabs, and the level of threat they face. Similar approaches with other species are likely to be particularly valuable in the Asia–Pacific region, where well-structured population monitoring is largely unaffordable.
Stabilising sleep for patients admitted at acute crisis to a psychiatric hospital (OWLS): an assessor-blind pilot randomised controlled trial
Authors: Sheaves Bryony , Freeman Daniel , Isham Louise , McInerney Josephine , Nickless Alecia , Yu Ly-Mee , Rek Stephanie , Bradley Jonathan , Reeve Sarah , Attard Caroline , Espie Colin A. , Foster Russell , Wirz-Justice Anna , Chadwick Eleanor , Barrera Alvaro 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundWhen patients are admitted onto psychiatric wards, sleep problems are highly prevalent. We carried out the first trial testing a psychological sleep treatment at acute admission (Oxford Ward sLeep Solution, OWLS).MethodsThis assessor-blind parallel-group pilot trial randomised patients to receive sleep treatment at acute crisis [STAC, plus standard care (SC)], or SC alone (1 : 1). STAC included cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) for insomnia, sleep monitoring and light/dark exposure for circadian entrainment, delivered over 2 weeks. Assessments took place at 0, 2, 4 and 12 weeks. Feasibility outcomes assessed recruitment, retention of participants and uptake of the therapy. Primary efficacy outcomes were the Insomnia Severity Index and Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale at week 2. Analyses were intention-to-treat, estimating treatment effect with 95% confidence intervals.ResultsBetween October 2015 and July 2016, 40 participants were recruited (from 43 assessed eligible). All participants offered STAC completed treatment (mean sessions received = 8.6, s.d. = 1.5). All participants completed the primary end point. Compared with SC, STAC led to large effect size (ES) reductions in insomnia at week 2 (adjusted mean difference −4.6, 95% CI −7.7 to −1.4, ES −0.9), a small improvement in psychological wellbeing (adjusted mean difference 3.7, 95% CI −2.8 to 10.1, ES 0.3) and patients were discharged 8.5 days earlier. One patient in the STAC group had an adverse event, unrelated to participation.ConclusionsIn this challenging environment for research, the trial was feasible. Therapy uptake was high. STAC may be a highly effective treatment for sleep disturbance on wards with potential wider benefits on wellbeing and admission length.
Grandparent Care: A Key Factor in Mothers’ Labour Force Participation in the UK
Authors: KANJI SHIREEN 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe relationships between paid work and informal care are critical to understanding how paid work is made possible. An extensive source of childcare in the UK is the intergenerational care grandparents provide. Using data from the UK's Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative sample of children born in 2000, biprobit and instrumental variables (IV) analysis of mothers’ participation (given the social construction of caring responsibility) identifies a significant causal effect of grandparents’ childcare in that it:(i)raises the labour force participation of mothers with a child of school entry age on average by 12 percentage points (the average marginal effect);(ii)raises the participation of the group of mothers who use grandparent childcare by 33 percentage points compared to the situation if they did not have access to this care (the average treatment effect on the treated).Thus grandparent-provided childcare has a substantial impact on the labour market in the UK, an impact that may not be sustainable with forthcoming changes to the state pension age. Grandparents’ childcare increases the labour force participation of lone and partnered mothers at all levels of educational qualifications but by different degrees. Grandparents’ childcare enables mothers to enter paid work rather than extending their hours of paid work.
Anaximander’s Model and the Measures of the Sun and Moon
Authors: Thibodeau Philip 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper proposes a new interpretation of the dimensions of the sun and moon wheels in Anaximander's cosmology. While the traditional reconstruction proposed by Tannery and Diels posits six measures for three different wheels (sun, moon and stars), it will be argued here that Anaximander gave only two basic measurements, one for the moon's wheel (19 times bigger than the earth) and one for the sun's (28 times bigger). These two values can be accounted for by their connection to the lunar month – a graphic representation of the wheels which includes motion accurately reproduces the relative positions of the sun and moon; in fact they are the smallest pair of figures from which a twowheel model can be made that represents the month correctly. Anaximander derived his two parameters by attempting to incorporate basic observational data into a cosmic model.
Schrödinger’s Mouse: Liminality and the ΛΙΜΝΗ in the Batrachomyomachia
Authors: Hosty Matthew 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article argues that the ambiguity over whether certain characters are alive or dead during the second half of the Batrachomyomachia is not only deliberate, as previous scholars have suggested, but part of a complex intertextual relationship with Iliad 21 and Achilles’ battle in the Scamander. It concludes by suggesting that the poet's decision to stage this new battle in a ƛίμνη, a pool or pond, helps to articulate the ideas of life, death and resurrection which characterize this section of the poem.
Unmet need for social care among older people
Authors: VLACHANTONI ATHINA 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding the nature and extent of unmet need for social care among older people is a critical policy priority in the United Kingdom and beyond, as national governments juggle the provision of adequate social care for a growing older population with competing funding priorities. Several factors can heighten the experience of unmet need among older people, for instance their family environment, and their health and socio-economic status. This paper contributes empirical evidence on the patterns of unmet need for social care among older people in England today, focusing on the individual characteristics associated with experiencing unmet need in relation to mobility tasks, activities of daily living (ADLs) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs). The results show that about 55 per cent of older individuals with an ADL difficulty had unmet need, compared to 24 per cent of those with an IADL difficulty and 80 per cent of those with a mobility difficulty. Characteristics reflecting greater vulnerability were more strongly associated with the risk of experiencing unmet need for ADLs, and such vulnerability was greater for particular ADLs (e.g. bathing), and for a higher number of ADLs. The findings reaffirm the complexity of conceptualising and empirically investigating unmet need in later life, and add to our understanding of the challenges of providing adequate and appropriate social care to older people.
Restricted gene flow in the endangered Capricorn Yellow ChatEpthianura crocea macgregori: consequences for conservation management
Authors: HOUSTON WAYNE A. , ASPDEN WILLIAM J. , ELDER ROD , BLACK ROBERT L. , NEAVES LINDA E. , KING ANDREW G. , MAJOR RICHARD E. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe Yellow ChatEpthianura croceais comprised of three disjunct subspecies. SubspeciesE. c. macgregori(Capricorn Yellow Chat) is listed as Critically Endangered under the EPBC Act and has a distribution that also appears to be disjunct, with a limited geographic area of less than 7,000 ha. Some populations are threatened by rapid industrial development, and it is important for conservation of the subspecies to determine the extent to which the putative populations are connected. We used 14 microsatellite markers to measure genetic diversity and to determine the extent of gene flow between two disjunct populations at the northern and southern extremes of the subspecies’ range. No significant differences in genetic diversity (number of alleles and heterozygosity) were observed, but clear population structuring was apparent, with obvious differentiation between the northern and southern populations. The most likely explanation for reduced gene flow between the two populations is either the development of a geographic barrier as a consequence of shrinkage of the marine plains associated with the rise in sea levels following the last glacial maxima, or reduced connectivity across the largely unsuitable pasture and forest habitat that now separates the two populations, exacerbated by declining population size and fewer potential emigrants. Regardless of the mechanism, restricted gene flow between these two populations has important consequences for their ongoing conservation. The relative isolation of the smaller southern groups (the Fitzroy River delta and Curtis Island) from the much larger northern group (both sides of the Broad Sound) makes the southern population more vulnerable to local extinction. Conservation efforts should focus on nature refuge agreements with land owners agreeing to maintain favourable grazing management practices in perpetuity, particularly in the northern area where most chats occur. Supplemental exchanges of individuals from northern and southern populations should be explored as a way of increasing genetic diversity and reducing inbreeding.
Aortic elasticity and carotid intima-media thickness in children with mitral valve prolapse
Authors: Erolu Elif , Akalın Figen , Çetiner Nilüfer , Şaylan Çevik Berna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAimWe aimed to study the dimensions, systolic and diastolic functions of the left ventricle; dimensions and elasticity of the aorta; and carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery in mitral valve prolapse.MethodsThe study group consisted of 43 patients (mean age=13.3±3.9) and 42 healthy children (mean age=12.9±3.4). Left ventricular end-diastolic, end-systolic, left atrial diameters, interventricular septum, and left ventricular posterior wall thickness were measured. Ejection and shortening fractions were calculated by M-mode. Measurements were adjusted to the body surface area. Mitral annulus, and systolic and diastolic diameters of the aortic annulus and aorta at each level were obtained; z-scores, aortic strain, distensibility, stiffness index were calculated. Carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated dilatation were studied. Patients were classified as classical/non-classical mitral valve prolapse and younger/older patients.ResultsLeft ventricular end-systolic, end-diastolic, and left atrial diameters (p=0.009, p=0.024, p=0.001) and aortic z-scores at annulus, sinus valsalva, and sinotubuler junction were larger (p=0.008, p=0.003, p=0.002, respectively) in the mitral valve prolapse group. Aortic strain and distensibility increased and stiffness decreased at the ascending aorta in the patient group (p=0.012, 0.020, p=0.019, respectively). Classical mitral valve prolapse had lower strain and distensibility and higher stiffness of the aorta at sinus valsalva level (p=0.010, 0.027, 0.004, respectively). Carotid intima-media thickness was thinner in the patient group, especially in the non-classical mitral valve prolapse group (p=0.037). Flow-mediated dilatation did not differ among the groups.ConclusionMitral valve prolapse is a systemic disease of the connective tissue causing enlarged cardiac chambers and increased elasticity of the aorta. Decreased carotid intima-media thickness in this group may indicate low atherosclerosis risk.