bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphologic patterns and treatment of transplant glomerulopathy: A retrospective analysis
Authors: Abreu Rui , Carvalho Fernanda , Viana Helena , Mesquita Isabel , Possante Marília , Aires Inês , Caeiro Fernando , Silva Cecília , Cotovio Patrícia , Ferreira Aníbal , Remédio Francisco , Nolasco Fernando 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTransplant glomerulopathy is mainly due to chronic antibody‐mediated rejection and actually represents a major cause of long‐term allograft failure. The lack of effective treatment remains a serious problem in transplantation. A retrospective and uni‐center study was performed in 48 kidney allograft recipients with transplant glomerulopathy between January 2010 and December 2015. Median time for diagnosis was 7.1 (3.6‐11.8) years post‐transplant. Light microscopy showed severity of transplant glomerulopathy in the majority of patients (cg1=10.4%; cg2=20.8%; cg3=68.8%). Moderate microvascular inflammation was present in 56.3% (g+ptc≥2), and almost half of recipients (51.1%) were C4d positive in immunofluorescence. Female gender (P=.001), age (P=.043), renal dysfunction (P=.002), acute rejection episodes (P=.026), and anti‐HLA class II antibodies (P=.004) were associated with kidney allograft failure. Treatment of transplant glomerulopathy was performed in 67.6% of patients. The histologic and laboratory features that led to a therapeutic intervention were score ptc (P=.021), C4d (P=.03), and the presence of anti‐HLA antibodies (P=.029), whereas score ah (P=.005) was associated with conservative measure. The overall cumulative kidney allograft survival at 10 years was 75%. Treatment of transplant glomerulopathy was ineffective to improve long‐term kidney allograft survival.
Risk of tumor transmission after thoracic allograft transplantation from adult donors with central nervous system neoplasm—A UNOS database study
Authors: Hynes Conor F. , Ramakrishnan Karthik , Alfares Fahad A. , Endicott Kendal M. , Hammond‐Jack Katrina , Zurakowski David , Jonas Richard A. , Nath Dilip S. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe analyzed the UNOS database to better define the risk of transmission of central nervous system (CNS) tumors from donors to adult recipients of thoracic organs.MethodsData were procured from the Standard Transplant Analysis and Research dataset files. Donors with CNS tumors were identified, and recipients from these donors comprised the study group (Group I). The remaining recipients of organs from donors who did not have CNS tumors formed the control group (Group II). Incidence of recipient CNS tumors, donor‐related malignancies, and overall survival were calculated and compared in addition to multivariable logistic regression.ResultsA cohort of 58 314 adult thoracic organ recipients were included, of which 337 received organs from donors who had documented CNS tumors (Group I). None of these recipients developed CNS tumors at a median follow‐up of 72 months (IR: 30‐130 months). Although overall mortality in terms of the percentage was higher in Group I than Group II (163/320=51% vs 22 123/52 691=42%), Kaplan‐Meier curves indicate no significant difference in the time to death between the two groups (P=.92).ConclusionsThere is little risk of transmission of the common nonaggressive CNS tumors to recipients of thoracic organs.
Long‐term renal outcome after allogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplant: A comprehensive analysis of risk factors in an Asian patient population
Authors: Zhou Wei , Sultana Rehena , Diong Colin , Goh Yeow‐Tee , Gopalakrishnan Sathish , Ho Aloysius , Hwang William , Koh Liang‐Piu , Koh Mickey , Loh Yvonne , Tan Patrick , Linn Yeh‐Ching 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAllogeneic hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) poses a significant challenge to renal function due to multiple drug‐ and complication‐related renal toxicity. In this single‐center series of 216 adult Asian patients with a long and complete follow‐up, 41 developed chronic kidney disease (CKD) giving a cumulative incidence of 19.0% at 25 years (median follow‐up duration 7.84 years, range 2.0‐27.7 years), but only two of the 41 patients reached stage 4 CKD and another two required dialysis. In contrast, acute kidney injury occurred in most patients, where glomerular filtration rate (GFR) suffered a mean fall of 50 mL/min/1.73 m2 at 6 months post‐transplant compared with baseline. Suppression of renal function may last beyond 6 months but is potentially reversible, although not to baseline level in most patients. Analysis of a comprehensive range of 18 risk factors showed that older age, lower GFR at transplant, unrelated donor, diagnosis of AML, presence of diabetes mellitus at transplant, and duration of foscarnet use were significantly associated with CKD development, with the first three remaining as independent risks for CKD in multivariate analysis. Long‐term survival is not affected by renal function, being 78.6% as compared to 85.5% for patients with low vs normal GFR at 2 years, respectively.
Pathways from witnessing parental violence during childhood to involvement in intimate partner violence in adult life: The roles of depression and substance use
Authors: Madruga Clarice S. , Viana Maria Carmen , Abdalla Renata Rigacci , Caetano Raul , Laranjeira Ronaldo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsThe aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of witnessing parental violence (WPV) during childhood and of current intimate partner violence (IPV) victimisation and aggression in a Brazilian sample, in order to verify pathways between WPV and involvement in IPV as an adult.Design and MethodsThe mediating roles of substance use and depression were investigated. Data came from the Second Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey, a multi‐cluster probabilistic household survey, which gathered information on the use of psychoactive substances, current depressive disorder, history of childhood direct and indirect exposure to domestic violence and IPV in a nationally representative sample. A subsample of 2120 individuals aged 14 years or older was analysed. Weighted prevalence rates, adjusted odds ratio and conditional path models were performed.ResultsBeing a victim of IPV was reported by 6% of the sample. Thus being, 4.1% reported being IPV perpetrators; these rates were 16.6% and 7.3%, respectively, among those who reported WPV (13%). WPV was associated with being a victim of IPV in adult life, but not with becoming a perpetrator, regardless of being a victim of physical violence during childhood. There was a direct effect of WPV on IPV mediated by depressive symptoms. Alcohol and cocaine consumption and age of drinking initiation mediated only when combined with depressive symptoms.Discussion and ConclusionsIntergenerational transmission models of IPV through exposure during childhood can help to explain the high rates of domestic violence in Brazil. Our findings provide evidence to implement targeted prevention strategies where they are needed most: the victims of premature adverse experiences. [Madruga CS, Viana MC, Abdalla RR, Caetano R, Laranjeira R. Pathways from witnessing parental violence during childhood to involvement in intimate partner violence in adult life: The roles of depression and substance use. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;36:107–114]
Controlling behaviours and technology‐facilitated abuse perpetrated by men receiving substance use treatment in England and Brazil: Prevalence and risk factors
Authors: Gilchrist Gail , Canfield Martha , Radcliffe Polly , D'Oliveira Ana Flavia Pires Lucas 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsControlling behaviours are highly prevalent forms of non‐physical intimate partner violence (IPV). The prevalence of perpetrating controlling behaviours and technology‐facilitated abuse (TFA) was compared by men receiving substance use treatment in England (n = 223) and Brazil (n = 280). Factors associated with perpetrating these behaviours towards their current/most recent partner and their association with other types of IPV were explored.Design and MethodsSecondary analysis from two cross‐sectional studies was performed. Data on socio‐demographic characteristics, infidelity, IPV perpetration and victimisation, adverse childhood experiences (ACE), attitudes towards gender relations and roles, substance use, depressive symptoms and anger expression were collected.ResultsSixty‐four percent (143/223) and 33% (73/223) of participants in England and 65% (184/280) and 20% (57/280) in Brazil reported controlling behaviours and TFA, respectively, during their current/most recent relationship. Excluding IPV victimisation from the multivariate models; perpetrating controlling behaviours was associated with a higher number of ACE, higher anger expression (England) and severe physical IPV perpetration (Brazil), and perpetrating TFA was associated with younger age. Including both IPV victimisation and perpetration in the multivariate models; perpetrating controlling behaviour was associated with experiencing a higher number of ACE, higher anger expression (England), emotional IPV victimisation (England) and experiencing controlling behaviour from a partner (England). The perpetration of TFA was associated with younger age and experiencing TFA from a partner.ConclusionsTechnological progress provides opportunities for perpetrators to control and abuse their partners. Controlling behaviours and TFA should be addressed to reduce IPV perpetration by males in substance use treatment. [Gilchrist G, Canfield M,Radcliffe P, d'Oliveira AFPL. Controlling behaviours and technology‐facilitated abuse perpetrated by men receiving substance use treatment in England and Brazil: Prevalence and risk factors.Drug Alcohol Rev2017;36:52–63]
A population‐based study of the association between dysglycaemia and hearing loss in middle age
Authors: Sommer J. , Brenann‐Jones C. G. , Eikelboom R. H. , Hunter M. , Davis W. A. , Atlas M. D. , Davis T. M. E. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAimsTo investigate the independent associations between hearing loss and dysglycaemia in a sample of middle‐aged adults, including separate analysis of those aged < 60 years.MethodsThe first 2023 participants in the cross‐sectional Busselton Health Ageing Survey were assessed for hearing loss ≥ 26 dB (better ear) for four‐frequency average (4FA) of pure‐tone thresholds at 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz, and high‐frequency average (HFA) of pure‐tone thresholds at 4000 and 8000 Hz.ResultsValid data from 1864 participants in the Busselton Health Ageing Survey [92.1%; mean ± sd age 56.2 ± 5.5 years, 46.0% men, 120 (7.0%) with diabetes, 274 (14.7%) with prediabetes] were analysed, of whom 103 (5.5%) had four‐frequency average hearing loss and 561 (30.1%) had high‐frequency average hearing loss. In multivariable analyses, glycaemic status was not independently associated with four‐frequency or high‐frequency average hearing loss. In the 1286 participants aged < 60 years, there was no relationship between dysglycaemia and high‐frequency average hearing loss, but the prevalence of four‐frequency average hearing loss increased from 2.3% (95% CI 1.5–3.4) in participants with normoglycaemia to 5.7% (95% CI 3.0–10.6) in those with prediabetes and 10.2% (4.2–21.5) in those with diabetes (trend P = 0.003). In multivariable analysis with normoglycaemia as reference, the odds ratios for four‐frequency average hearing loss were 2.84 (95% CI 1.29–6.27) for prediabetes and 5.93 (95% CI 1.67–21.05) for diabetes (P ≤ 0.01) in the < 60 year age group.ConclusionsThere was progressively increasing mid‐range hearing loss with worsening glucose tolerance in younger individuals, suggesting dysglycaemia‐associated early‐onset presbycusis.
Tree diversity in relation to tree height: alternative perspectives
Authors: Givnish Thomas J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMarks et al. (Ecol. Lett., 19, 2016, 743–751) show that tree diversity increases with tree height in North America and argue it reflects habitat ‘suitability’. This finding conflicts with classical results, lacks controls for covariates of tree height, and can be explained alternatively using the modified Janzen–Connell effect and regional variance in habitats.
Improving estimates of population status and trend with superensemble models
Authors: Anderson Sean C , Cooper Andrew B , Jensen Olaf P , Minto Cóilín , Thorson James T , Walsh Jessica C , Afflerbach Jamie , Dickey‐Collas Mark , Kleisner Kristin M , Longo Catherine , Osio Giacomo Chato , Ovando Daniel , Mosqueira Iago , Rosenberg Andrew A , Selig Elizabeth R 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFishery managers must often reconcile conflicting estimates of population status and trend. Superensemble models, commonly used in climate and weather forecasting, may provide an effective solution. This approach uses predictions from multiple models as covariates in an additional “superensemble” model fitted to known data. We evaluated the potential for ensemble averages and superensemble models (ensemble methods) to improve estimates of population status and trend for fisheries. We fit four widely applicable data‐limited models that estimate stock biomass relative to equilibrium biomass at maximum sustainable yield (B/BMSY). We combined these estimates of recent fishery status and trends in B/BMSY with four ensemble methods: an ensemble average and three superensembles (a linear model, a random forest and a boosted regression tree). We trained our superensembles on 5,760 simulated stocks and tested them with cross‐validation and against a global database of 249 stock assessments. Ensemble methods substantially improved estimates of population status and trend. Random forest and boosted regression trees performed the best at estimating population status: inaccuracy (median absolute proportional error) decreased from 0.42 – 0.56 to 0.32 – 0.33, rank‐order correlation between predicted and true status improved from 0.02 – 0.32 to 0.44 – 0.48 and bias (median proportional error) declined from −0.22 – 0.31 to −0.12 – 0.03. We found similar improvements when predicting trend and when applying the simulation‐trained superensembles to catch data for global fish stocks. Superensembles can optimally leverage multiple model predictions; however, they must be tested, formed from a diverse set of accurate models and built on a data set representative of the populations to which they are applied.
Fatigue Crack Growth and Fracture of 30 wt% B4C/6061Al Composites
Authors: Li Y. L. , Wang W. X. , Zhou J. , Chen H. S. , Zhao J. C. , Wang B. D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis paper focuses on studying the fatigue crack growth (FCG) characteristics and fracture behaviours of 30 wt% B4C/6061Al composites fabricated by using powder metallurgy and hot extrusion method. Compact tension (CT) specimens having incisions parallel to the extrusion direction (T‐D) and perpendicular to the extrusion direction (E‐D) were investigated through FCG tests. Results show that, at low/medium stress‐intensity factor range levels (ΔK ≤ 9), crack propagation rate in E‐D specimens is lower than that in T‐D specimens because the elongated B4C particles parallel to the extrusion direction in E‐D specimens can deflect the crack. The scanning electron microscope micrographs of the fractured surface illustrate that crack mainly propagates in the matrix alloy at the initial stage of its propagation and propagates more remarkably near the particle‐matrix interface with the increase of ΔK value. B4C particles are also found to be easy to fracture during the rapid crack propagation. Based on fracture analyses, considering the impacts of factors like crack deviation, plastic zone size at the crack tip, and crack driving force, a 2‐D crack propagation model was developed to study the fatigue crack propagation mechanism in the 30 wt% B4C/6061Al composite.
Fatigue crack growth modelling based on CTOD for the 7050‐T6 alloy
Authors: Antunes F. V. , Branco R. , Prates P. A. , Borrego L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe plastic crack tip opening displacement (CTODp) is considered to replace ΔK in the study of fatigue crack propagation. The cyclic plastic deformation of the 7050‐T6 aluminium alloy was determined experimentally and modeled analytically. Then, a three‐dimensional elastic–plastic numerical model which included crack growth was developed in order to predict the plastic CTOD for different loading conditions. In a parallel study, crack growth rates were determined experimentally in M(T) specimens with a thickness of 6 mm. A relation was subsequently established between da/dN and plastic CTOD for the 7050‐T6 aluminium alloy, independent of stress ratio, showing that the CTOD is a viable alternative to ΔK in the analysis of fatigue crack propagation.
Responses of a wetland ecosystem to the controlled introduction of invasive fish
Authors: Preston Daniel L. , Hedman Hayden D. , Esfahani Evan R. , Pena Ewelina M. , Boland Clara E. , Lunde Kevin B. , Johnson Pieter T. J. 
Published: January 2017

Summary

The ecological consequences of species invasions can vary in time and space, complicating efforts to generalise invader impacts across ecosystems. This challenge is particularly relevant when using small‐scale experiments to derive predictions for freshwater ecosystems. In this study, our aims were to document the effects of a controlled fish introduction within an ecosystem‐scale experiment and to test possible factors driving variation in invasion outcomes.

We measured community and ecosystem responses to the introduction of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis: Poeciliidae) using a ‘Before‐After‐Control‐Impact’ design within a large, experimentally divided natural wetland in California, USA. We then used a replicated outdoor mesocosm experiment to address how two factors that vary widely in natural wetlands – habitat complexity and alternative prey availability – mediate the effects of mosquitofish on native wetland amphibians.

In the natural wetland, mosquitofish increased in population size by ˜90‐fold over the course of a single summer. Mosquitofish introduction was associated with a 50% decrease in macroinvertebrate density and a 90% decrease in zooplankton abundance relative to a fishless control treatment. We observed no effects of mosquitofish on the abundance or total biomass of two native pond‐breeding amphibians – the Pacific chorus frog (Pseudacris regilla: Hylidae) and California newt (Taricha torosa: Salamandridae) – likely because more preferable alternative prey were abundant, vegetation provided refuges from predation, and the mosquitofish introduction occurred after amphibian larval stages were most susceptible to predation. Surprisingly, mosquitofish were also associated with a 50% decrease in both relative phytoplankton fluorescence and total phosphorus, and a sharp increase in N:P ratios in the water column, possibly due to the assimilation of fish biomass acting as a nutrient sink.

In contrast to our ecosystem experiment, mosquitofish consumed native amphibians and reduced their growth rates in outdoor mesocosms. The strength of predation within the smaller scale venue, however, varied with the availability of alternative prey (i.e. zooplankton), and the complexity of the habitat (i.e. presence of aquatic macrophytes). Our mesocosm results support the hypothesis that alternative prey and habitat complexity facilitated coexistence between invasive mosquitofish and native amphibian larvae in our ecosystem experiment.

Our findings highlight the potential for invasive fish to drive rapid shifts in freshwater ecosystems while also emphasising the roles of environmental characteristics in mediating whether native and non‐native species will coexist.
Structural overshoot of tree growth with climate variability and the global spectrum of drought‐induced forest dieback
Authors: Jump Alistair S. , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Greenwood Sarah , Allen Craig D. , Kitzberger Thomas , Fensham Rod , Martínez‐Vilalta Jordi , Lloret Francisco 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOngoing climate change poses significant threats to plant function and distribution. Increased temperatures and altered precipitation regimes amplify drought frequency and intensity, elevating plant stress and mortality. Large‐scale forest mortality events will have far‐reaching impacts on carbon and hydrological cycling, biodiversity, and ecosystem services. However, biogeographical theory and global vegetation models poorly represent recent forest die‐off patterns. Furthermore, as trees are sessile and long‐lived, their responses to climate extremes are substantially dependent on historical factors. We show that periods of favourable climatic and management conditions that facilitate abundant tree growth can lead to structural overshoot of aboveground tree biomass due to a subsequent temporal mismatch between water demand and availability. When environmental favourability declines, increases in water and temperature stress that are protracted, rapid, or both, drive a gradient of tree structural responses that can modify forest self‐thinning relationships. Responses ranging from premature leaf senescence and partial canopy dieback to whole‐tree mortality reduce canopy leaf area during the stress period and for a lagged recovery window thereafter. Such temporal mismatches of water requirements from availability can occur at local to regional scales throughout a species geographical range. As climate change projections predict large future fluctuations in both wet and dry conditions, we expect forests to become increasingly structurally mismatched to water availability and thus overbuilt during more stressful episodes. By accounting for the historical context of biomass development, our approach can explain previously problematic aspects of large‐scale forest mortality, such as why it can occur throughout the range of a species and yet still be locally highly variable, and why some events seem readily attributable to an ongoing drought while others do not. This refined understanding can facilitate better projections of structural overshoot responses, enabling improved prediction of changes in forest distribution and function from regional to global scales.