bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Long‐Chain Methyl‐Branched 1‐Alkynes from Alkylmagnesium Halides and Methoxyallene.
Authors: URDANETA N. A. , MAVROV M. V. , NGUYEN CONG HAO NGUYEN CONG HAO , SEREBRYAKOV E. P. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Grignard compounds (I) react with methoxyallene (II) in the presence of copper(I) bromide to give the alkynes (III), together with small amounts of the allenes (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions with Betaines. Part 23. Reactions of Nitrogen‐ and Sulfur‐Betaines with Reactive Halides.
Authors: WITTMANN H. , ZIEGLER E. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction between betaine (I) and phenacyl bromide (II) (molar ratio 1:1), does not proceed at the ylide carbon atom of (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Organosulfur Chemistry. Part 4. New Reduction of Sulfoxides and Sulfilimines to Sulfides with Zinc/1,4‐Dibromobutane. A Proposal for a Radical‐Forming Electron Transfer Process.
Authors: NAGASAWA K. , YONETA A. , SUGIMOTO H. , ITO K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReduction of the sulfoxides (I) and sulfilimines (III) with zinc and 1,4‐dibromobutane gives the sulfides (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Electronic Structural Characterization of Cycloheptadienequinone and Cyclopentenequinone Systems Having an Electron Donating Diaminocyclopropenylidene Moiety.
Authors: TAKAHASHI K. , NAMEKATA N. , TAKASE K. , TAKEUCHI A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe chlorodiaminocyclopropenium perchlorate (I) is coupled with β‐tropolone (II) or the cyclic 1,3‐diones (V) to yield the cyclopropylium salt (III) and the cyclopropenylidene compounds (IV) or (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Organocuprate Chemistry of Vicinal Epoxy Mesylates.
Authors: KURTH M. J. , ABREO M. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe epoxy mesylate (I) is coupled with the organocuprates (II), yielding the rearranged epoxides (III) which are cleaved with (IIb) to give the isomeric alcohols (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: On the Use of Epoxy Alcohol‐Aldol Rearrangement for Stereoselective Construction of Quaternary Carbon Centers.
Authors: SHIMAZAKI M. , HARA H. , SUZUKI K. , TSUCHIHASHI G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHydroxymethyloxirane (I) is oxidized to give the aldehyde which reacts with the Grignard compound (II) to yield the carbinol (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereocontrol via the Phenol‐ and Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement with Cyclic Enol Ethers.
Authors: MIKAMI K. , TAKAHASHI K. , NAKAI T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe allylic alcohols (I) are coupled with the cyclic enol ethers (II) or (VI) in the presence of various catalysts to form the alkenyl ketones (IV), (V), (VII), or (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of S,S‐Dialkylsulfur Diimides with N‐Cyanimidic Esters: Synthesis of 1λ4,2,4,6‐Thiatriazines.
Authors: RIED W. , JACOBI M. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe title diimides (I) and (IX) react with the cyanimidates (II) and (X) to afford the condensation products (III), (VIII), and (XI).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of New 3,4‐Dimethylenethiolane Derivatives.
Authors: BRAVERMAN S. , FREUND M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe thienothiophene (I) is treated with bromine to give the dibromide (II) which is converted to the thioloester (III) and then reduced, forming the thienothiophene (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis and Chemistry of Azolenines. Part 8. The Paal‐Knorr Reaction with Cyclic 2‐(Acylmethyl)‐2‐alkyl‐1,3‐diketones: Isolation of 1‐Acyl‐1H‐pyrroles via Rearrangement.
Authors: MAINI P. N. , SAMMES M. P. , KATRITZKY A. R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the cyclic diketones (I) or (IV) with NH4OAc (II) yields the acylpyrroles (III) or (V) via rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles from Carbohydrate Precursors. Part 40. Kinetic and Thermodynamic Products of Ketalization of 1‐C‐Substituted L‐threo‐Glycerol: A Regioselective Formation of 1,3‐Dioxolanes.
Authors: EL ASHRY E. S. H. , EL KILANY Y. , SINGAB F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe mode of ketalization of the L‐threo‐glycerol (IIa) with acetone (I) is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: (4 + 2)Cycloadditions of Diphenyl Ketene with a Highly Substituted 1,3‐Diene.
Authors: MAYR H. , HEIGL U. W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCycloaddition reaction of the diene (I) with diphenyl ketene (II) gives the bicyclic dihydropyran (III) and the bicyclononenone (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Butoxy(chloro)disiloxanes.
Authors: GOL'DIN G. S. , BORISOVA I. YU. , BATURINA L. S. , PUSHAKOVA T. N. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of hexachlorosiloxane (I) with butanol (II) gives the mixed butoxychlorodisiloxanes (III) depending on the molar ratio of the starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: Silicon Compounds with Strong Intramolecular Steric Interactions. Part 29. Octacyclohexylcyclotetrasilane.
Authors: WEIDENBRUCH M. , THOM K.‐L. , POHL S. , SAAK W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReductive chloride elimination from 1,4‐dichlorooctacyclohexyltetrasilane (II) prepared as shown yields the title compound (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Trapping Reactions for Unstable (1‐Chloro‐2,2,2‐trifluoro‐1‐(trifluoromethyl)ethyl) Dialkyl Phosphites.
Authors: HEINE J. , ROESCHENTHALER G.‐V. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe thermally unstable phosphites (I) and (II) are formed by 1:2 molar reaction of the chlorophosphites (III) and (VII) with hexafluoroacetone (IV) besides other products.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Alkyl Halides with the Aluminum Chloride Complex of Diphenylchlorophosphine and Hydrogen Chloride. Comparison with the Kinnear‐Perren‐Clay Reaction.
Authors: CHAUZOV V. A. , STUDNEV YU. N. , RUDNITSKAYA L. S. , FOKIN A. V. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAlkylation of the complex (I) with the butyl halides (II) leads always to the formation of the tert‐butylphosphine oxide (III), together with the hydrocarbons (IV) and (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemical P‐H Insertion of Carbenes. Synthesis and Keto‐Enol Tautomerism as 2‐Thiophosphoryl‐Substituted 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds.
Authors: POLOZOV A. M. , POLEZHAEVA N. A. , ARBUZOV B. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTriplet‐sensitized photolysis of the diazo dicarbonyl compounds (I) in the presence of an excess of the thiophosphite (II) yields the thiophosphorylated dicarbonyl compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Substituted 2‐Chloromethylfurans in the Michaelis‐Becker Reaction.
Authors: PEVZNER L. M. , IGNAT'EV V. M. , IONIN B. I. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe 5‐alkoxy‐2‐chlormethylfurans (I) react with the phosphite (II) to form the phosphonates (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Diamino‐1,3,2λ5,4‐diazaphosphasiletidin‐2‐onium Chlorides.
Authors: ZAL'TSMAN I. S. , KOIDAN G. N. , FILONENKO L. P. , MARCHENKO A. P. , PINCHUK A. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractReaction of the phosphorimidic triamide (I) with the dichlorosilane (II) gives the title compounds (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of (Cyclopentadienyl)rhenium Halide Complexes (η5‐C5H5)Re(NO)(PPh3)(X) with n‐BuLi/TMEDA; Generation and Methylation of Lithio‐ and Dilithiocyclopentadienyl Ligands.
Authors: CROCCO G. L. , GLADYSZ J. A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe reaction of (I) with BuLi affords monolithiated compounds which are isolated after subsequent methylation and characterized by IR, mass, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectra.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Type of Unsaturated triangulo Transition‐Metal Cluster and Homogeneous Catalyst.
Authors: HAUPT H.‐J. , BALSAA P. , FLOERKE U. + 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe preparation of the di(μ3‐hydrido)triruthenium cluster (II) with 44 cluster valence electrons (CVE) occurs either by hydrogenolysis of the binuclear cluster (I) or by thermolysis of the hydrido‐ and phosphido‐bridged diruthenium cluster (IV) or its bis(μ‐phosphido) analogue.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral Square Planar Cobalt(III) Complexes.
Authors: BREWER J. C. , COLLINS T. J. , SMITH M. R. , SANTARSIERO B. D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe monoanionic square‐planar Co(III) complex (IIIa) is obtained according to the scheme and characterized by 1H NMR and IR spectroscopy, solid state and solution magnetic properties, and X‐ray structure analysis (space group P1, Z=2).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Additions and Luminescence Involving IrAuIr Chains Formed by Binding of Gold(I) to the Metallamacrocycle Ir2Cl2(CO)2(μ‐Ph2PCH2As(Ph)CH2PPh2)2.
Authors: BALCH A. L. , NAGLE J. K. , ORAM D. E. , REEDY P. E. JUN. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTreatment of the diphosphine‐bridged Ir(I) complex (I) with ClAu(CO) (II) yields the gold(I) derivative (IIIa) which can be converted into the analogues (IIIb) and (IIIc) by metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Anthracyclinones Using Chiral Acetal: Synthesis of a New Chiral AB‐Synthon. (‐)‐2‐Bromo‐6‐ethynyl‐6‐hydroxy‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐1,4‐naphthoquinone, and Its Application for (‐)‐7‐Deoxydaunomycinone.
Authors: TAMURA Y. , ANNOURA H. , YAMAMOTO H. , KONDO H. , KITA Y. , FUJIOKA H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe tetralindione monoacetal (VI) is prepared from the arylbutyric acid (I) as shown in the reaction scheme.
Methods to model and simulate super carbon nanotubes of higher order
Authors: Burger Michael , Bischof Christian , Schröppel Christian , Wackerfuß Jens 
Published: May 2016

SummarySuper carbon nanotubes (SCNTs) are of interest in material design because of their strength and weight characteristics. In this paper, we present a graph algebra‐based approach to model and construct SCNTs of arbitrary order. The SCNTs are represented by directed graphs with Y junctions as basic modeling element. A new data structure to store these graphs is proposed that capitalizes on the hierarchy within SCNTs and allows efficient queries for nodes and edges. Symmetry considerations for SCNTs are conducted and related to the graph algebra‐based modeling. We present an extended and improved algorithm for simulating the mechanical behavior of SCNTs. Compared with our previous work on level 0 SCNTs, the performance is improved by a factor higher than 2 when running in serial and a factor up to 4.4 when running in parallel on a 16‐core symmetric multiprocessing system. A new pre‐processing step exploiting structural symmetry and an improved proximity‐aware matrix‐vector‐multiplication routine make this performance improvement possible while only consuming little additional memory. We also now consider SCNTs of order 1 and 2. Experimental results show that our new solver is up to 1.4 times faster than a compressed‐row‐storage based reference solver, on order 0, 1, and 2 SCNTs, with and without deformations, while requiring only half the memory. Because memory is the limiting factor for the feasibility of such simulations, our new approach significantly expands the realm of feasibility for such simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring size and composition of species pools: a comparison of dark diversity estimates
Authors: de Bello Francesco , Fibich Pavel , Zelený David , Kopecký Martin , Mudrák Ondřej , Chytrý Milan , Pyšek Petr , Wild Jan , Michalcová Dana , Sádlo Jiří , Šmilauer Petr , Lepš Jan , Pärtel Meelis 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEcological theory and biodiversity conservation have traditionally relied on the number of species recorded at a site, but it is agreed that site richness represents only a portion of the species that can inhabit particular ecological conditions, that is, the habitat‐specific species pool. Knowledge of the species pool at different sites enables meaningful comparisons of biodiversity and provides insights into processes of biodiversity formation. Empirical studies, however, are limited due to conceptual and methodological difficulties in determining both the size and composition of the absent part of species pools, the so‐called dark diversity. We used >50,000 vegetation plots from 18 types of habitats throughout the Czech Republic, most of which served as a training dataset and 1083 as a subset of test sites. These data were used to compare predicted results from three quantitative methods with those of previously published expert estimates based on species habitat preferences: (1) species co‐occurrence based on Beals' smoothing approach; (2) species ecological requirements, with envelopes around community mean Ellenberg values; and (3) species distribution models, using species environmental niches modeled by Biomod software. Dark diversity estimates were compared at both plot and habitat levels, and each method was applied in different configurations. While there were some differences in the results obtained by different methods, particularly at the plot level, there was a clear convergence, especially at the habitat level. The better convergence at the habitat level reflects less variation in local environmental conditions, whereas variation at the plot level is an effect of each particular method. The co‐occurrence agreed closest the expert estimate, followed by the method based on species ecological requirements. We conclude that several analytical methods can estimate species pools of given habitats. However, the strengths and weaknesses of different methods need attention, especially when dark diversity is estimated at the plot level.
A new field approach for the collection of samples for aquatic 14CO2 analysis using headspace equilibration and molecular sieve traps: the super headspace method
Authors: Garnett M. H. , Billett M. F. , Gulliver P. , Dean J. F. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractCarbon dioxide evasion from inland waters such as lakes, rivers and streams represents a significant component of the global carbon cycle, yet in many parts of the world, relatively little is known about its source. Radiocarbon dating of aquatic CO2 has the potential to provide new insights into C cycling in the terrestrial–aquatic–atmosphere continuum, and whilst a range of methods are available for the collection of samples for 14C analysis, they all have limitations or disadvantages (e.g. slow collection rates and potential non‐equilibrium). These issues are further compounded in remote field sites. Here, we describe a new method for the field collection of CO2 samples from low‐pH waters (pH < 7) for radiocarbon analysis, which involves a scaled‐up version of the widely used headspace equilibration technique coupled with syringe injection of samples into molecular sieve traps for convenient and stable storage. We present the results of laboratory and field tests to verify this ‘super headspace method’ and discuss its advantages compared with existing techniques, particularly for sampling in remote locations. This includes its high portability, speed of use and absence of any special sample preservation requirements. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alternative stable states of tidal marsh vegetation patterns and channel complexity
Authors: Moffett K. B. , Gorelick S. M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntertidal marshes develop between uplands and mudflats, and develop vegetation zonation, via biogeomorphic feedbacks. Is the spatial configuration of vegetation and channels also biogeomorphically organized at the intermediate, marsh‐scale? We used high‐resolution aerial photographs and a decision‐tree procedure to categorize marsh vegetation patterns and channel geometries for 113 tidal marshes in San Francisco Bay estuary and assessed these patterns' relations to site characteristics. Interpretation was further informed by generalized linear mixed models using pattern‐quantifying metrics from object‐based image analysis to predict vegetation and channel pattern complexity. Vegetation pattern complexity was significantly related to marsh salinity but independent of marsh age and elevation. Channel complexity was significantly related to marsh age but independent of salinity and elevation. Vegetation pattern complexity and channel complexity were significantly related, forming two prevalent biogeomorphic states: complex versus simple vegetation‐and‐channel configurations. That this correspondence held across marsh ages (decades to millennia) and at both high and low marsh elevations suggests the following: (1) marshes of shared physiography can exhibit highly variable ecosystem structures; (2) young marshes are not necessarily simple nor necessarily develop vegetation complexity with age and elevation; (3) Bay marshes should continue to exhibit both simple/complex configurations in the future despite a likely shift toward low marshes; (4) salt marshes may tend to occupy two alternative stable states characterized by linked complexity in vegetation and channel organization. This final point may help fill the gap at the marsh scale between biogeomorphic models explaining marsh occurrence at larger coastal and smaller vegetation patch scales. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay detection and bioactivity of Cry1Ab protein fragments
Authors: Albright Vurtice C. , Hellmich Richard L. , Coats Joel R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

The continuing use of transgenic crops has led to an increased interest in the fate of insecticidal crystalline (Cry) proteins in the environment. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have emerged as the preferred detection method for Cry proteins in environmental matrices. Concerns exist that ELISAs are capable of detecting fragments of Cry proteins, which may lead to an overestimation of the concentration of these proteins in the environment. Five model systems were used to generate fragments of the Cry1Ab protein, which were then analyzed by ELISAs and bioassays. Fragments from 4 of the model systems were not detectable by ELISA and did not retain bioactivity. Fragments from the proteinase K model system were detectable by ELISA and retained bioactivity. In most cases, ELISAs appear to provide an accurate estimation of the amount of Cry proteins in the environment, as detectable fragments retained bioactivity and nondetectable fragments did not retain bioactivity. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:3101–3112. © 2016 SETAC
In ovo tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate concentrations significantly decrease in late incubation after a single exposure via injection, with no evidence of effects on hatching success or latent effects on growth or reproduction in zebra finches
Authors: Eng Margaret L. , Letcher Robert J. , Williams Tony D. , Elliott John E. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) eggs were injected with the organophosphate triester flame retardant tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) at 0 μg/g, 0.01 μg/g, 1 μg/g, 10 μg/g, or 50 μg/g egg. Subsets of high-dose eggs were collected throughout incubation to measure TBOEP, which started declining in late incubation and then decreased rapidly to 28% of injected concentration by hatching. The authors found no effects of TBOEP on survival, growth, or reproduction even at very high doses. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:83–88. © 2016 SETAC
Compassionate Canadians and conflictual Americans? Portrayals of ageism in liberal and conservative media
Authors: MARIER PATRIK , REVELLI MARINA 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTBuilding upon earlier studies on ageism in the media and the polarised ageism framework, this contribution compares the prevalence of three forms of ageism – intergenerational, compassionate and new ageism – in four Canadian and American newspapers. The analysis has three objectives. First, it adapts the polarised ageism framework to a comparative case study to assess its usefulness beyond Canada. Second, it analyses which form of ageism occurs more frequently in the coverage of ageing-related stories in Canadian or American newspapers. Third, it studies the importance of the political orientation of news media across both countries by comparing the portrayal of ageing-related stories in conservative and liberal newspapers. Core findings include the presence of a stronger focus on intergenerational ageism in American and conservative newspapers and more frequent prevalence of compassionate ageism in Canada and liberal newspapers. American newspapers also typically employ more pejorative and sensational language.
Neo-Kantian theories of self-determination: a critique
Authors: Miller David 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNeo-Kantian political theories, such as those developed by Jeremy Waldron and Anna Stilz, aim to provide an account of state legitimacy and territorial boundaries that avoids the problems faced by rival nationalist theories. Immanuel Kant’s own theory of the state appears to be biased towards the status quo, and therefore has difficulty in explaining what is wrong with rights-respecting colonialism or the annexation of one state by another. Two possible ways forward are explored. One involves making state legitimacy conditional on meeting more stringent standards of distributive justice. The other involves appealing to the idea of a self-determining ‘people’. However the latter must avoid collapsing into either a version of nationalism (if the ‘people’ are identified in cultural terms) or a form of voluntarism (if the ‘people’ are required subjectively to ‘affirm’ the regime that governs them). Thus neo-Kantian theories cannot deliver a plausible account of self-determination without, like Kant himself, tacitly invoking political identities of the kind that they seek to repudiate.
Opportunities for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Care of Syncope
Authors: Long Brit J. , Serrano Luis A. , Cabanas Jose G. , Bellolio M. Fernanda 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionEmergency Medical Service (EMS) systems are vital in the identification, assessment, and treatment of trauma, stroke, myocardial infarction, and sepsis patients, improving early recognition, resuscitation, and transport. Emergency Medical Service personnel provide similar care for patients with syncope. The role of EMS in the management of patients with syncope has not been reported.Hypothesis/ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to describe the management of out-of-hospital syncope by prehospital providers in an urban EMS system.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of consecutively enrolled patients over 18 years of age, over a two-year period, who presented by EMS with syncope, or near-syncope, to a tertiary care emergency department (ED). Demographics included comorbidities, history, and physical exam findings documented by prehospital providers, as well as the interventions provided. Data were collected from standardized patient care records for descriptive analysis.ResultsOf the 723 patients presenting with syncope to the ED, 284 (39.3%) were transported by EMS. Compared to non-EMS patients, those who arrived by ambulance were older (mean age 65 [SD = 18.5] years versus 61 [SD = 19.2] years; P = .019). There were no statistically significant differences in cardiovascular comorbidities (hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, stroke, or congestive heart failure) between EMS and non-EMS patients. The most common chief complaints were fainting (50.0%) and dizziness (44.7%). The most common intervention provided was cardiac monitoring (55.6%), followed by administration of normal saline infusion (50.5%), oxygen (41.9%), blood glucose check (41.5%), and electrocardiogram (EKG; 40.5%).ConclusionEmergency Medical Service personnel transport more than one-third of patients presenting to the ED with syncope. Documentation of key elements of the history (witnesses, prodrome, predisposing factors, and post-event symptoms) and physical examination were not recorded consistently.LongBJ, SerranoLA, CabanasJG, BellolioMF. Opportunities for Emergency Medical Services (EMS) care of syncope. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2016;31(4):349–352.