bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utilizing frustration in Gd- and Yb-based oxides for milli-Kelvin adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration
Authors: Treu Tim , Klinger Marvin , Oefele Noah , Telang Prachi , Jesche Anton , Gegenwart Philipp 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The manifold of energetically degenerate configurations arising from competing interactions in frustrated magnets gives rise to an enhanced entropy at lowest temperatures, which can be utilized for adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration (ADR). We review structural and magnetic properties of various Yb- and Gd-based oxides featuring frustration related to different triangular moment configurations and (in some cases) structural randomness. In comparison to paramagnetic hydrated salts, which have traditionally been employed for mK-ADR, these novel ADR materials enable cooling to temperatures several times lower than the magnetic interaction strength, significantly enhancing the entropy density and cooling power at a given target temperature. A further advantage is their chemical stability, allowing for a much simpler ADR pill design and ultra-high vacuum applications. For the temperature range between 0.03 and 2 K, a systematic comparison of the field-induced entropy density change is provided, that illustrates the advantages of frustrated magnets for low-temperature ADR.
Pixel-wise phase map fusion technique for high dynamic range 3D shape measurement
Authors: Chen Yifei , Kang Jiehu , Feng Luyuan , Yuan Leiwen , Wu Bin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Digital fringe projection technologies have been extensively applied in 3D shape measurements. However, it is still limited to achieve accurate 3D reconstruction of high reflective surfaces. To circumvent this problem, we propose a complete framework to realize pixel-by-pixel phase post-compensation of overexposed points, including the construction of hardware system and the guidelines of algorithm design. First, a virtual binocular vision system is established. Second, based on the fundamentals of projective and spatial transformation, three robust algorithms with low computational complexity are devised to generate a fused phase map that overcomes the information loss due to overexposure. Furthermore, experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Qualitative experiment results show that the presented technique achieve a similar surface coverage compared with the other two mainstream methods, but is superior to them in terms of measurement efficiency (13 images vs. 145 images, 13 images vs. 32 images). Quantitative experimentation further verifies the feasibility of our method in precise 3D measurement, with sphere diameter errors of 0.0367 mm and 0.0361 mm, spherical centroid distance error of 0.0269 mm, and plane distance error of 0.0186 mm.
A dual-chambered microbial fuel cell with manganese dioxide nano-structured cathode for wastewater treatment
Authors: Velayudhan Jayanthi , Subramanian Sangeetha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) can generate electricity by breaking down organic molecules through sustainable bio-electrochemical processes and wastewater as an energy source. A novel approach to remediate wastewater containing selenite was studied utilizing a selenite-reducing mixed bacterial culture with a nano manganese oxide modified cathode in the MFCs. The modification enhanced electrochemical catalytic activity, extracellular electron transfer rate, chemical oxygen demand (COD) elimination efficiency, and coulombic efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-rays analysis were used to examine a manganese dioxide-coated graphite cathode’s surface morphology and chemical composition. The manganese dioxide-coated electrode generated up to 69% higher voltage with 150 ppm selenite concentration than the uncoated graphite electrode. The MFC removed up to 80% of the initial COD of 120 mg l−1 and achieved a maximum power density of 1.51 W m−2. The study demonstrates that MFCs can effectively treat selenite-containing wastewater, and modifying the cathode can enhance energy production.
Practical approach to extending baselines of telescopes using continuous-variable quantum information
Authors: Purvis Bran , Lafler Randy , Nicholas Lanning R 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Interferometric telescopes are instrumental for the imaging of distant astronomical bodies, but optical loss heavily restricts how far telescopes in an array can be placed from one another, leading to a bottleneck in the resolution that can be achieved. An entanglement-assisted approach to this problem has been proposed by (Gottesman et al 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett.
109 070503), as a possible solution to the issue of optical loss if the entangled state can be distributed across long distances by employing a quantum repeater network. In this paper, we propose an alternative entanglement-assisted scheme that interferes a two-mode squeezed vacuum state with the astronomical state and then measures the resulting state by means of homodyne detection. We use a continuous-variable approach and compute the Fisher information with respect to the mutual coherence of the astronomical source. We show that when the Fisher information is observed cumulatively at the rate at which successful measurements can be performed, our proposed scheme does not outperform the traditional direct detection approach or the entanglement-assisted approach of GJC12.
Nanoscale grating-based perovskite solar cell with improved efficiency
Authors: Salem Ahmed Fathi , El-Bashar R , El-Rabaie Sanaa M , Abdelhamid Hamdy , Hameed Mohamed Farhat O , Obayya S S A 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
MAPbI3 perovskite-based solar cell (PSC) has attracted much attention due to its high absorption rate. The top flat electrode degrades the behavior of PSC due to limiting the light reached to the absorber layer, which reduces the efficiency. In this study, the influence of texturing the top FTO electrode surface with a triangular saw-tooth grating on both the optical and electrical performance is reported. The interference effects are also considered in this work by modeling the PSC structure as a Fabry–Perot resonator. In this regard, the finite difference time domain method is utilized to precisely simulate the optical characteristics of the nano-structural design. Also, the optical behavior of PSC is studied at different triangular grating (TG) structures and dimensions at which the light absorption is maximized. Furthermore, the effect of absorber thickness and defect density on the optoelectronic performance is investigated. We configured the conversion efficiency (η) of the proposed PSC structure by using the bulk and Langevin recombination mechanisms. The proposed grating structure enhances the light coupling, and hence the light absorption and the generated current density are increased. For absorber thickness of 350 nm, we reported a maximum conversion efficiency (η) of 19.5% for the proposed triangular grating (TG) structure with an enhancement of 19.6% compared to the structure with a flat FTO layer. As the defect density is increased from 1012 cm−3 to 1018 cm−3, the efficiency of the optimum TG PSC is reduced from 19.5% to 10.1%, respectively. The simulation results, therefore, contribute to the understanding of the PSC-based MAPbI3 design and can be used to improve its physical behavior.
Simultaneous enhancement of tritium burn efficiency and fusion power with low-tritium spin-polarized fuel
Authors: Parisi J.F. , Diallo A. , Schwartz J.A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study demonstrates that using spin-polarized deuterium-tritium (D-T) fuel with more deuterium than tritium can increase tritium burn efficiency (TBE) by at least an order of magnitude without compromising fusion power output, compared to unpolarized fuel. Although previous studies show that a low tritium fraction can enhance TBE, this strategy resulted in reduced fusion power density. The surprising improvement in TBE at fixed power reported here is due to the TBE increasing nonlinearly with decreasing tritium fraction but the fusion power density increasing roughly linearly with D-T cross section. A study is performed for an ARC-like tokamak producing 481 MW of fusion power with unpolarized 53:47 D-T fuel, finding the minimum startup tritium inventory (

I

startup
,
min

) is 0.69 kg. By spin-polarizing half of the fuel and using a 60:40 D-T mix,

I

startup
,
min

is reduced to 0.08 kg, and fully spin-polarizing the fuel with a 63:37 D-T mix further reduces

I

startup
,
min

to 0.03 kg. Some ARC-like scenarios are predicted to achieve plasma ignition with relatively modest spin polarization. These findings indicate that, with advancements in helium divertor pumping efficiency, TBE values of approximately 10%–40% could be achieved using low-tritium-fraction and spin-polarized fuel with minimal power loss. This would dramatically lower tritium startup inventory requirements and reduce the amount of on-site tritium. More generally than just for spin-polarized fuels, increased plasma performance can be used to increase TBE. This strongly motivates the development of spin-polarized fuels and low-tritium-fraction operation for burning plasmas.
Assemblable 3D biomimetic microenvironment for hMSC osteogenic differentiation
Authors: Martins Luis A , García-Parra Nadia , Ródenas-Rochina Joaquín , Cordón Lourdes , Sempere Amparo , Ribeiro Clarisse , Lanceros-Méndez Senentxu , Gómez-Ribelles José Luis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Adequate simulation mimicking a tissue’s native environment is one of the elemental premises in tissue engineering. Although various attempts have been made to induce human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) into an osteogenic pathway, they are still far from widespread clinical application. Most strategies focus primarily on providing a specific type of cue, inadequately replicating the complexity of the bone microenvironment. An alternative multifunctional platform for hMSC osteogenic differentiation has been produced. It is based on poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and cobalt ferrites magnetoelectric microspheres, functionalized with collagen and gelatin, and packed in a 3D arrangement. This platform is capable of performing mechanical stimulation of piezoelectric PVDF, mimicking the bones electromechanical biophysical cues. Surface functionalization with extracellular matrix biomolecules and osteogenic medium complete this all-round approach. hMSC were cultured in osteogenic inducing conditions and tested for proliferation, surface biomarkers, and gene expression to evaluate their osteogenic commitment.
Effects of different palm oil mill sludge cake rates on the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus)
Authors: George N B J , Merali M M , Sahmat S S , Yusop Z , Abd Aziz A S , Kamil M Z 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Okra, also known as ladies’ fingers or Bendi in Malaysia is a valuable vegetable grown with high demand and significant economic value. However, traditional cultivation methods heavily reliant on chemical fertilizers pose sustainability and environmental challenges. Therefore, this study explores the potential of using organic waste as a soil amendment to enhance okra growth and reduce dependence on chemical fertilizers. This study aims to determine the growth and yield of okra in soil amended with different rates of palm oil mill sludge cake (POMSC). Okra aged 14 days was used as planting material. The okra seedlings were planted under the rain shelter into polyethylene bags filled with topsoil and palm oil mill sludge cake (POMSC) at different rates as treatment. The palm oil mill sludge cake (POMSC) was applied at the following rate: 0 (treated as control), 2%, 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/w). The plant trials were laid in a completely randomized design (CRD) with six replications. Manual weeding was regularly conducted to mitigate nutrient competition among the plants. In addition, watering was carried out accordingly to maintain an adequate moisture level in the growth medium. Pesticides were applied when necessary. The parameters assessed were plant height, stem diameter, plant canopy, number of leaves, number of pods, and pod weight. The results showed that the optimum rate of POMSC that provides okra better growth performance was at 10% of palm oil mill sludge cake (POMSC). Therefore, it shows that palm oil mill sludge cake (POMCS) can be utilize effectively to enhance soil quality and makes it suitable for incorporation into planting medium for vegetable cultivation.
Effects of food waste compost on the growth and plant metabolites production in Amaranthus tricolor L. (Chinese spinach)
Authors: Mohd Sanizam M M S , Rusli L S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Organic amendments are important for soil health and sustainable agriculture. Food waste compost provides essential nutrients and reduces environmental impact. This study measured the growth of Amaranthus tricolor L. using food waste compost and analysed the presence of plant metabolites in A. tricolor L. The effects of different treatments including food waste compost to the growth of A.tricolor L. was observed. A study was conducted using three (3) different treatment groups, including control plants (T1), plants amended with food waste compost with the ratio 1:1 (T2) while plants mixed with food waste compost with the ratio 1 : 0.5 (T3). T2 treatment was significantly influenced by the presence of chlorophyll a (Ca), chlorophyll b (Cb), carotenoid content and total chlorophyll content (Ca + Cb) in A.tricolor L.. The analysis revealed A.tricolor L. amended with food waste compost with the ratio 1:1 (T2) recorded the highest total chlorophyll content (412.684 ± 2.069 μg g−1 DW) followed by T3 and T1. A very similar trend was observed in total anthocyanin content (leaves; 2.877 ± 2.174 mg/g DW and root extract; 18.006 ± 2.713 mg/g DW), total flavonoid content (stem extract; 710.078 ± 1.260 mg QE/g DE and root extract; 254.390 ± 2.277 mg QE/g DE) and total phenolic content (stem extract; 1782.556 ± 38.443 mg GAE/g DE and root extract; 460.375 ± 95.002 mg GAE/g DE). This study proves food waste compost enhances the growth of the plants thus aiding the production of secondary metabolites of A.tricolor L.
Screening actinomycetes as biological control agents against the Dickeya zeae, causal agent of bacterial heart rot of pineapple
Authors: Hussin M H , Asmadi M A , Ab Wahab M Z , Sapak Z , Noor N M 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bacteria heart rot is one of the devastating bacteria diseases in the pineapple crop. Actinomycetes, a group of bacteria that are renowned for their diverse bioactive compounds and antagonistic properties, have emerged as promising candidates for biological control agents against bacterial heart rot of pineapple. This study is to screen the potential of actinomycetes isolated from few locations in UiTM Jasin Campus through random sampling, to inhibit the growth and development of bacteria causing heart rot in pineapple crop. The research activities involve the isolation, identification, and characterization of actinomycetes strains, assessing their antagonistic activities against the bacterial pathogens associated with heart rot disease. Results from the study showed that certain actinomycetes strains have the capability to inhibit the growth of bacteria pathogen via the bioassay test. Out of five isolates, AC 4 isolate produced the highest inhibition zone. All the isolates have the characteristics that fit actinomycetes. Among the key features of actinomycetes are diverse colony colours (white, cream, yellow, red, black) and textures (powdery, velvety, leathery) and gram-positive. Molecular identification revealed that AC4 isolate belongs to genus Streptomyces. Actinomycetes offer a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to managing bacterial heart rot in pineapple cultivation through biological control. These findings contribute valuable insights for the development of practical strategies for integrated disease management in pineapple crops and provide a foundation for further exploration of actinomycetes-based biocontrol in agriculture.
Factors affecting parental awareness of the nutritional intake to their children’s growth
Authors: Abu Bakar T H S T , Ibrahim S Z , Zakaria S , Nor M M , Zain N M , Azmin S N H Mohammad , Liew J Y , Abdullah F A , Rosli F 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Nowadays, several reports from international bodies on nutritional requirements are alarming. Based on a report by the World Health Organization found that 17.7 percent of children and adolescents aged 5 to 19 years old in Malaysia have stunted growth. Besides, many parents are not aware of nutrition intake in providing food to their children. Therefore, this study aims to determine parental awareness of the nutritional intake to their children’s growth. The independent variables in this study are knowledge, attitude, practices, perceived behavior control, and subjective norm while the dependent variable is parent awareness of the nutrient intake of their children. Quantitative research forms were used, and questionnaires were adapted based on the KAP Model and the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Non-probability sampling was used using purposive sampling involving 150 parents who have children under five years old. SPSS version 21.0 was used to analyze the data using descriptive and spearman correlation analysis. Based on the results of this study found that all the variable has a high mean score. Moreover, research findings also showed that there was a significant relationship between attitudes, practices, and subjective norms with parental awareness of nutrient intake in children. Nevertheless, the relationship between knowledge and perceived behavioural control with parental awareness of nutrient intake demonstrates a negligible correlation. Hopefully, this study will raise the awareness of parents about the importance of providing a balanced and healthy diet for their children’s growth.
Walking by design: how to build artificial molecular motors made of proteins
Authors: Nilsson Patrik F , Zink Anna , Laprévote Olivier M C , Korosec Chapin S , Gustafsson Nils , Robertson Neil O , Forde Nancy R , Eichhorn Ralf , Höcker Birte , Curmi Paul M G , Linke Heiner 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
To design an artificial protein-based molecular motor that can autonomously step along a track is a key challenge of protein design and synthetic biology. We lay out a roadmap for how to achieve this aim, based on a modular approach that combines the use of natural, non-motor proteins with de novo design. We define what can be considered to constitute a successful artificial protein motor, identify key steps along the path to achieve these designs, and provide a vision for the future beyond this aim.
The impact of spatial resolution on inland water quality monitoring from space
Authors: Frasson Renato P M , Ardila David R , Pease Joshua , Hestir Erin , Bright Courtney , Carter Nick , Dekker Arnold G , Thompson David R , Green Robert O , Held Alex 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Remote sensing of inland waters can provide timely and global water quality information to a wide variety of stakeholders. One of the parameters that determines the feasibility of using optical space-based instruments for monitoring inland waters is the ground sampling distance (GSD), defined as the width of a pixel projected on the Earth’s surface. We assume that to analyze a body of water with optical imagery, its characteristic width must be larger than 3 times the GSD to obtain an ‘unmixed’ pixel that doesn’t contain signal from the adjacent land. Here we obtain the size distribution of river lengths, river areas, and lake areas—as a function of width—for rivers and lakes in the Western United States (US) and in Australia. We base this analysis on the Surface Water and Ocean Topography River Database (SWORD) and HydroLAKES databases, extrapolated to 5 m-wide features. We show that the fraction of river length and river area larger than a certain width increases sharply as the width decreases, indicating that even small decreases in the GSD result in significant increases in the number of bodies that can be surveyed. On the other hand, the distribution of lake areas shows a ‘knee’ at around 400 m, indicating that gains from GSDs smaller than 130 m will be modest. We found that a satellite instrument with a GSD capability of 18 m can provide coverage of 4.4% of total river lengths, 38% of total river area, and 94% of total lake area within the study areas. We argue that decreasing the GSD incurs penalties associated with loss of signal-to-noise, larger instrument, smaller swath, and longer revisit times.
Maximizing machining efficiency and quality in AA7075/Gr/B4C HMMCs through advanced DS-EDM parameter optimization strategies
Authors: Kantheti Prasada Raju , Meena Kunjee Lal , Chekuri Rama Bhadri Raju 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites (HMMC) offer improved mechanical properties crucial for various industrial applications. However, machining these composites via traditional methods is arduous due to their inherent hardness and abrasive nature. The optimization of the Die-Sinking Electrical Discharge Machining (DS-EDM) process presents a viable solution to overcome these machining challenges and unlock the full potential of HMMCs. Despite the potential benefits of HMMCs, the lack of optimized machining strategies hampers their widespread adoption in industrial applications. Traditional machining approaches often result in excessive tool wear, poor surface finish, and suboptimal material removal rates (MRR) when applied to HMMCs. Additionally, the complex interplay between DS-EDM process parameters and material properties necessitates a systematic investigation to identify optimal machining conditions. This study proposes a multi-step methodology to systematically optimize the DS-EDM process for machining HMMCs comprising AA7075 alloy, 5% of graphite (Gr), and 5% of boron carbide (B4C) particles, which is termed as (AA7075-GR-B4C). Beginning with the formulation of the composite material through stir casting, the research progresses to an L16 Orthogonal Array (L16-OA) based Design of Experiments (DoE) to investigate the effects of key process parameters on machining performance. Experimental testing is conducted to measure mechanical properties, followed by statistical analysis using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with Regression Analysis to identify significant factors influencing machining outcomes. Furthermore, an Artificial Neural Network with Black Widow Optimization (ANN-BWO) approach is employed to optimize machining performance metrics such as MRR, Surface Roughness Rate (SRR), and Tool Wear Rate (TWR). The Relative Error (RE) was estimated between experimental MRR (E-MRR), experimental TWR (E-TWR), experimental SRR (E-SRR), and predicted MRR (P-MRR), predicted TWR (P-TWR), predicted SRR (P-SRR) generated by ANN-BWO shows effectiveness of AA7075-GR-B4C.
Current Protection from a Risk
Authors: Steel Sandy 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Unlike innocent creation of risk, interference, assumption of responsibility, control, and statute, the law does not explicitly refer to this brief chapter’s subject matter as a distinctive ground of positive duties. However, in some cases, a person who is currently providing protection to another from a risk is under a P-duty to take care to continue to provide that protection. For instance, adjoining landowners are under duties not to withdraw the support their land provides to the other’s land, and there are arguably circumstances in which one is required to allow a person to continue to use one’s property in circumstances in which one’s property is currently protecting them from a grave risk.