bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Sensitivity in Nucleic Acid Detection via Collaborative Multiple Catalytic Cores in DNAzyme Nanomachines
Authors: Hussein Zain , Golovina Lidia A. , Alaji Meera , Nour Moustapha A. Y. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. , Komissarov Andrey B. , El‐Deeb Ahmed A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe introduce a multicore DNA nanomachine (MDNM), utilizing four binary DNAzymes for nucleic acid detection without the need for a preamplification step. This innovation remarkably yields a reduction in limit of detection (LOD), over 5‐fold, as compared to single‐core systems. This reduces the required test time thus highlighting the potential of MDNM in advancing nucleic acid detection.
Thorny and Tufted Retinal Ganglion Cells Express the Transcription Factor Forkhead Proteins Foxp1 and Foxp2 in Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)
Authors: Lee Sammy C. S. , Wei Anlai J. , Martin Paul R. , Grünert Ulrike 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe transcription factor forkhead/winged‐helix domain proteins Foxp1 and Foxp2 have previously been studied in mouse retina, where they are expressed in retinal ganglion cells named F‐mini and F‐midi. Here we show that both transcription factors are expressed by small subpopulations (on average less than 10%) of retinal ganglion cells in the retina of the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus). The morphology of Foxp1‐ and Foxp2‐expressing cells was revealed by intracellular DiI injections of immunofluorescent cells. Foxp1‐ and Foxp2‐expressing cells comprised multiple types of wide‐field ganglion cells, including broad thorny cells, narrow thorny cells, and tufted cells. The large majority of Foxp2‐expressing cells were identified as tufted cells. Tufted cells stratify broadly in the middle of the inner plexiform layer. They resemble broad thorny cells but their proximal dendrites are bare of branches and the distal dendrites branch frequently forming dense dendritic tufts. Double labeling with calretinin, a previously established marker for broad thorny and narrow thorny cells, showed that only a small proportion of ganglion cells co‐expressed calretinin and Foxp1 or Foxp2 supporting the idea that the two markers are differentially expressed in retinal ganglion cells of marmoset retina.
Convergence to the planar interface for a nonlocal free‐boundary evolution
Authors: Otto Felix , Schubert Richard , Westdickenberg Maria G. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe capture optimal decay for the Mullins–Sekerka evolution, a nonlocal, parabolic free boundary problem from materials science. Our main result establishes convergence of BV solutions to the planar profile in the physically relevant case of ambient space dimension three. Far from assuming small or well‐prepared initial data, we allow for initial interfaces that do not have graph structure and are not connected, hence explicitly including the regime of Ostwald ripening. In terms only of initially finite (not small) excess mass and excess surface energy, we establish that the surface becomes a Lipschitz graph within a fixed timescale (quantitatively estimated) and remains trapped within this setting. To obtain the graph structure, we leverage regularity results from geometric measure theory. At the same time, we extend a duality method previously employed for one‐dimensional PDE problems to higher dimensional, nonlocal geometric evolutions. Optimal algebraic decay rates of excess energy, dissipation, and graph height are obtained.
Bioequivalence of Meloxicam Nanocrystal Injection in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Hu Shengling , Liu Xia , Wan Qinghua , Zhang Xueyuan , Gong Fengyun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis single‐center, randomized, open, two‐preparation, single‐dose, two‐period, self‐crossover trial aimed to assess the bioequivalence and safety of the test (T) preparation compared to the reference (R) preparation following intravenous injection in healthy subjects under fasting conditions. Twenty‐four healthy subjects were enrolled in the study and subjects were randomly divided into two groups at a 1:1 ratio and were administered once per period, with an 8‐day washout period. During each period, serum drug concentrations were detected for pharmacokinetic analysis and adverse events were recorded for safety analysis. The 90% confidence intervals for the geometric mean ratios (T:R) of maximum serum concentration, area under the serum concentration‐time curve from time zero to the last measurable concentration, and area under the serum concentration‐time curve from time zero to infinite time fell within the predefined bioequivalence range of 80%‐125%, indicating bioequivalence between the T and R preparation under fasting conditions. Additionally, four subjects (16.7%) experienced five instances of adverse events in the T group, while five subjects (21.7%) experienced five instances of adverse events in the R group. This trial indicated the potential bioequivalence between the T and R products under fasting conditions, based on pharmacokinetic and safety profile.
Organic Chimeras Based on Selenosugars, Steroids, and Fullerenes as Potential Inhibitors of the β‐amyloid Peptide Aggregation
Authors: Lemos Reinier , Pérez‐Badell Yoana , De Nisco Mauro , Carpentieri Andrea , Suárez Margarita , Pedatella Silvana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aggregation of β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) is associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several therapies aimed at reducing the aggregation of this peptide have emerged as potential strategies for the treatment of AD. This paper describes the design and preparation of new hybrid molecules based on steroids, selenosugars, and [60]fullerene as potential inhibitors of Aβ oligomerization. These moieties were selected based on their antioxidant properties and possible areas of interaction with the Aβ. Cyclopropanations between C60 and malonates bearing different steroid and selenosugar moieties using the Bingel–Hirsch protocol have enabled the synthesis of functionalized molecular hybrids. The obtained derivatives were characterized by physical and spectroscopic techniques. Theoretical calculations for all the selenium compounds were performed using the density functional theory DFT/B3LYP‐D3(BJ)/6‐311G(2d,p) predicting the most stable conformations of the synthesized derivatives. Relevant geometrical parameters were investigated to relate the stereochemical behavior and the spectroscopic data obtained. The affinity of the compounds for Aβ‐peptide was estimated by molecular docking simulation, which predicted an increase in affinity and interactions for Aβ for the hybrids containing the C60 core. In addition, parameters such as lipophilicity, polar surface area, and dipole moment were calculated to predict their potential interaction with membrane cells.
ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation ameliorates extracellular matrix deposition in cutaneous pathological fibrosis
Authors: Xu Ruoqing , Yang En , Liang Hsin , Luo Shenying , Liu Yunhan , Khoong Yimin , Li Haizhou , Huang Xin , Zhao Yixuan , Zan Tao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundElevated extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation is a major contributing factor to the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. Recent studies have indicated that N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) RNA modification plays a pivotal role in modulating RNA stability and contribute to the initiation of various pathological conditions. Howbeit, the precise mechanism by which m6A influences ECM deposition remains unclear.MethodsIn this study, we used hypertrophic scars (HTSs) as a paradigm to investigate ECM‐related diseases. We focused on the role of ALKBH5‐mediated m6A demethylation within the pathological progression of HTSs and examined its correlation with clinical stages. The effects of ALKBH5 ablation on ECM components were studied both in vivo and in vitro. Downstream targets of ALKBH5, along with their underlying mechanisms, were identified using integrated high‐throughput analysis, RNA‐binding protein immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down assays. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of exogenous ALKBH5 overexpression was evaluated in fibrotic scar models.ResultsALKBH5 was decreased in fibroblasts derived from HTS lesions and was negatively correlated with their clinical stages. Importantly, ablation of ALKBH5 promoted the expression of COL3A1, COL1A1, and ELN, leading to pathological deposition and reconstruction of the ECM both in vivo and in vitro. From a therapeutic perspective, the exogenous overexpression of ALKBH5 significantly inhibited abnormal collagen deposition in fibrotic scar models. As determined by integrated high‐throughput analysis, key ECM components including COL3A1, COL1A1, and ELN are direct downstream targets of ALKBH5. By means of its mechanism, ALKBH5 inhibits the expression of COL3A1, COL1A1, and ELN by removing m6A from mRNAs, thereby decreasing their stability in a YTHDF1‐dependent manner.ConclusionsOur study identified ALKBH5 as an endogenous suppressor of pathological ECM deposition, contributing to the development of a reprogrammed m6A‐targeted therapy for HTSs.
Seismic performance of concrete tunnel–sand–pile interaction by the shake table test
Authors: Haque Md. Foisal , Ansary Mehedi A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis research presents the square root sum of squares response of displacements and tunnel moments under the Kobe and Loma Prieta seismic excitations with a peak ground acceleration of 0.05 g for various dry relative densities of local sand in Bangladesh. For this reason, a one‐dimensional gravitational shake table test was performed after calibration to determine the seismic performance of the concrete tunnel–sand–pile interaction model. A vertical 40 kg load was applied on each pile cap along with the seismic excitations. The experimental results obtained were compared with the previous numerical study conducted by using field data so as to better interpret the variations of results. In the case of vertical sand displacement, the ratio between the previous field data obtained through numerical study and the present study is found to be 0.96. Moreover, the experimental results were compared with the 3D full‐scale numerical analysis results of Plaxis considering the Mohr–Coulomb constitutive model of sand. Variations of experimental and numerical results show a satisfactory level of alignment with the previously published work. According to the shake table test results, the lateral displacement of the tunnel is greater than the vertical displacement because of the transverse directional seismic excitation on the tunnel body. The minimum difference between lateral and vertical displacements of the tunnel is found to be 31% for a relative density of 27% under the Loma Prieta earthquake. However, this research may be advanced in the future by considering various peak ground accelerations, tunnel–pile clearance, and geometric properties.
What Amount of Weight Loss Can Entail Anorexia Nervosa or Atypical Anorexia Nervosa After Bariatric Surgery?
Authors: Hebebrand Johannes , Antel Jochen , Conceição Eva , Matthews Abigail , Hinney Anke , Peters Triinu 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTObjectivePost‐operative development of restrictive eating disorders can occur in patients after bariatric surgery. In children and adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) or atypical AN, premorbid body mass index (BMI) has recently been shown to predict total weight loss. We hypothesized that pre‐operative BMI similarly predicts weight loss and the development of a restrictive eating disorder in adult bariatric patients.MethodA PubMed search identified case studies/series of 29 adult females who developed AN or atypical AN/eating disorder not otherwise specified following bariatric surgery. Non‐parametric Spearman's correlation (r

s
) between pre‐operative BMI and total weight loss was calculated; a scatterplot was used to illustrate the relationship between pre‐operative/premorbid BMI and weight loss in kg for 29 bariatric patients and 460 children and adolescents with AN or atypical AN as published previously.ResultsThe correlation between pre‐operative BMI and weight loss among bariatric patients was r

s
= 0.65 (p = 0.0001). Scatterplot data of this relationship fit the previously identified pattern in children and adolescents with AN or atypical AN.DiscussionThe prediction of weight loss by pre‐operative/premorbid BMI appears applicable across the weight spectrum, from underweight to severe obesity, thus strengthening our hypothesis of underlying regulatory mechanisms for the development of AN and atypical AN. Such data may guide the determination of critical weight loss thresholds that trigger eating disorder development in predisposed individuals.
The antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective effect of puerarin by reducing uric acid level and exerting anti‐inflammatory activity
Authors: Wang Muxuan , Zhao Yong , Chen Nan , Wang Yanao , Guo Xu , Li Ningyang , Liu Haoran , Sun Hui , Liu Chao , Liao Zhixin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHyperuricemia (HUA) is a common metabolic disease and kidney injury is one of its main complications. As a typical natural flavonoid, puerarin (PEA) has a range of pharmacological activity but the antihyperuricemic mechanism of PEA has not been reported. Herein, the inhibitory activity of PEA against xanthine oxidase (XOD) was evaluated by in vitro enzymatic reaction, and kinetic analysis, the antihyperuricemic activity, and nephroprotective effect of PEA were studied in HUA mice. The enzymatic reaction showed that the inhibitory effect of PEA (half maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 4.39 µmol/L) on XOD was at the same level as allopurinol (IC50 = 4.05 µmol/L), and kinetic analysis indicated that PEA was a mixed competitive inhibitor. In vivo studies demonstrated that PEA exhibited excellent antihyperuricemic activity by inhibiting XOD and urate transporter 1 (URAT1), to reduce uric acid level. At the same time, PEA reduced the level of inflammatory cytokines and exerted significant nephroprotective effect through anti‐inflammatory activity. Molecular docking indicated that PEA closely bind to both XOD and URAT1, which had the potential to become an inhibitor of XOD and URAT1. In summary, PEA has important application value in developing novel functional food and medicine for the treatment of HUA and its complications.
Experimental and numerical investigations on the influence of transverse beams and slab on the seismic behavior of non‐seismically designed exterior beam‐column joints
Authors: Tonidis Margaritis , Sharma Akanshu , Birtel Veit 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study presents experimental and numerical results on two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional full‐scale exterior non‐seismically designed (NSD) reinforced concrete (RC) beam‐column joint subassemblies subjected to quasi‐static cyclic lateral loading. The tests were augmented by detailed 3D finite element modeling to obtain further information about the joint behavior. Through these systematic investigations and their detailed evaluation, clear conclusions could be drawn on the effect of transverse beams and slab on the overall seismic behavior of beam‐column joints, where the joint core was devoid of transverse reinforcement. It was found that the presence of transverse beams enhanced both the ultimate joint shear strength and joint shear strength at first joint cracking. The crack development in concrete revealed that the diagonal joint shear cracks extended from the joint core into the transverse beams. The slab participation under flexure, when acting in tension, decreased with increase in drift due to intervening loss in joint stiffness, which was inconsistent with the observations in subassemblies where the joints were confined with transverse reinforcement. It was found that the inclined cracking in the transverse beams was caused due to joint shear stresses and aggravated due to torsional stresses when a slab was present. Normalized joint shear stress and principal tensile stress values were evaluated for first joint shear cracking and ultimate joint shear strength. These values may be useful for the seismic assessment of non‐seismically designed beam‐column joints with transverse beams and slab.
Rule‐based energy management system for autonomous voltage stabilization in standalone DC microgrid
Authors: Safder Muhammad Umair , Hossain Md Alamgir , Sanjari Mohammad J. , Lu Junwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a rule‐based energy management system (EMS) designed for a standalone DC microgrid incorporating solar photovoltaic (PV), fuel cell, battery energy storage system (BESS), and electric vehicle. The unpredictable nature of renewable energy sources and the instability of loads pose challenges for maintaining DC bus voltages and power‐sharing arrangements, impacting the microgrid's smooth operation. The proposed EMS aims to ensure power balance between generation and demand, mitigating vulnerabilities of the DC bus to voltage instability caused by fluctuations from both the load and source sides. This is achieved through an autonomous DC bus voltage stabilization strategy, involving the maintenance of a nominal state of energy (SoE) for the BESS and hydrogen fuel consumption for the fuel cell within predefined lower and upper limits. By regulating these two factors, the EMS algorithm facilitates optimal performance of the PV, battery, and fuel cell components. Consequently, the EMS provides decision‐making instructions to each individual energy source, ensuring efficient operation under various conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed EMS is evaluated through hardware‐based testing on a DC microgrid and simulations in the MATLAB Simulink environment across multiple operating scenarios.
Optimization of ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of soluble dietary fiber (β‐glucan) from different barley varieties and study of its characterization and functional attributes
Authors: Anis Nomeena , Ahmed Zaheer , Khalid Nauman 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGreen technology, encompassing sustainable practices in food production, extends to dietary fiber extraction. This study aimed to enhance dietary fiber extraction from the selected barley varieties (Jou‐17, Sultan‐17, and Pearl‐21) using the ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE) technique. This process involved washing, drying, de‐fatting (using ethanol as green solvent), and protein removal steps. The response surface methodology (RSM) technique was used to optimize the yield of soluble dietary fiber (SDF; β‐glucan) with time, temperature, and power. Optimal conditions yielded the highest SDF (5.21%) in all selected varieties after 17.5 min at 41.70°C with 130.5 W. FTIR pattern confirmed the functional group in the tested sample. TGA and DSC spectra determined the thermal of SDF (β‐glucan). Monosaccharide composition confirmed that SDF (β‐glucan) is glucose in nature. Proximate analysis indicated that Jou‐17 had the highest moisture (13.4%) and crude fiber (10.10%) content. Sultan‐17, on the other hand, had the maximum levels of ash (2.75%), crude fat (1.22%), and protein (8.84%). The NFE, water‐holding capacity, oil‐holding capacity, and foaming capacity of extracted SDF (β‐glucan) in the “Pearl‐21” barley variety were determined to be 78.37%, 14.07 g/g, 6.99 g/g, and 126.17%, whereas highest foaming‐stability (96.26%) was observed in Jou‐17 variety. PCA also confirmed the association in studied variables. In a nutshell, optimizing the extraction of SDF (β‐glucan) from the selected barley varieties using green technology and its favorable properties opens up promising paths for future endeavors and contributes to the advancement of sustainable and health‐conscious practices in the food industry.
Weakly nonlinear instability analysis in triple‐diffusive convection under gravity modulation in the presence of an internal heat generator
Authors: Jakhar Atul , Anurag  , Kumar Anand 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe presented study is prepared on the triple‐diffusive convection (TDC) in the presence of an internal heat source to examine the rate of heat and mass transport. The weakly nonlinear instability analysis was used to show the effect of gravity modulation. Such phenomena have been found in space vehicle technology, wind turbines, geothermals, and many more. In the realm of geometry, our analysis encompasses the study of two parallel infinite horizontal plates with gravity in the downward direction. For TDC, we have considered two solutes. For the result validation, we have compared the critical Rayleigh number with the available research. The numerical outcomes are presented through graphs for different physical parameters. Based on the outcomes, we conclude that the Richardson, Prandtl, and Lewis numbers increase the mass and heat transport. The main finding of the present article is of the internal heat source that advances convection.
The application of eXplainable artificial intelligence in studying cognition: A scoping review
Authors: Mahmood Shakran , Teo Colin , Sim Jeremy , Zhang Wei , Muyun Jiang , Bhuvana R. , Teo Kejia , Yeo Tseng Tsai , Lu Jia , Gulyas Balazs , Guan Cuntai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) has sparked renewed discussions on its trustworthiness and the concept of eXplainable AI (XAI). Recent research in neuroscience has emphasized the relevance of XAI in studying cognition. This scoping review aims to identify and analyze various XAI methods used to study the mechanisms and features of cognitive function and dysfunction. In this study, the collected evidence is qualitatively assessed to develop an effective framework for approaching XAI in cognitive neuroscience. Based on the Joanna Briggs Institute and preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses extension for scoping review guidelines, we searched for peer‐reviewed articles on MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar. Two reviewers performed data screening, extraction, and thematic analysis in parallel. Twelve eligible experimental studies published in the past decade were included. The results showed that the majority (75%) focused on normal cognitive functions such as perception, social cognition, language, executive function, and memory, while others (25%) examined impaired cognition. The predominant XAI methods employed were intrinsic XAI (58.3%), followed by attribution‐based (41.7%) and example‐based (8.3%) post hoc methods. Explainability was applied at a local (66.7%) or global (33.3%) scope. The findings, predominantly correlational, were anatomical (83.3%) or nonanatomical (16.7%). In conclusion, while these XAI techniques were lauded for their predictive power, robustness, testability, and plausibility, limitations included oversimplification, confounding factors, and inconsistencies. The reviewed studies showcased the potential of XAI models while acknowledging current challenges in causality and oversimplification, particularly emphasizing the need for reproducibility.