bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation for Achalasia Cardia: Outcome, Complications, Success, and Long-term Follow-up
Authors: Gupta Sudhir J , Gaikwad Nitin R , Samarth Amol R , Gattewar Sonal R 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Achalasia is a chronic disease that can be managed with effective endoscopic modalities.

Aim
To evaluate the effectiveness of single setting of pneumatic balloon dilatation for achalasia and assess the long-term success and outcomes.

Materials and methods
This is a retrospective study of all achalasia patients who underwent pneumatic balloon dilatation at our institute. Patients who could be contacted were inquired regarding their symptoms and dysphagia-free interval after dilatation.

Results
A total of 72 patients were enrolled. Out of this, 14 patients lost to follow-up. Mean age of 58 patients was 45.02 ± 16.51 years. Male:female ratio was 13:16. Mean predilatation Eckardt score was 7.16 ± 0.834. Type I achalasia was present in 10 (17.2%), type II in 44 (75.9%), type III in 4 (6.9%). Predilatation basal integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) was 28.14 ± 14.76 mm Hg. Postdilatation Eckardt score was 2.40 ± 1.67. Postdilatation dysphagia-free interval was 17.28 ± 6.70 months. A total of 9 patients (15.51%) failed to respond to first dilatation and 49 (84.48%) patients benefited from single setting of pneumatic dilatation. Esophageal perforation occurred in 2/58 (3.44%). We did not find any significant difference in gender distribution, age of presentation, duration of symptom, pre- and postdilatation Eckardt score, type of achalasia, and basal IRP on manometry between type of achalasia. Postdilatation dysphagia-free interval in type II achalasia (18.09 ± 5.976 months) was more than types I and III achalasia cardia (p = 0.066), which showed trend toward significance.

Conclusion
Pneumatic balloon dilatation of achalasia cardia is a highly effective endoscopic procedure with minimal complications and mortality. Even the single setting of dilatation can have long-lasting dysphagia-free interval.

How to cite this article
Gupta SJ, Gaikwad NR, Samarth AR, Gattewar SR. Pneumatic Balloon Dilatation for Achalasia Cardia: Outcome, Complications, Success, and Long-term Follow-up. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):138-141.
Effect of Different Sedation Regimes on Cognitive Functions in Colonoscopy
Authors: Ekmekçi Perihan , Erkan Gulbanu , Kazbek Baturay K , Köksoy Ulku C , Doganay Güler , Tüzüner Filiz 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
To compare the effects of propofol/remifentanil and meperidine/midazolam on postprocedure cognitive function.

Materials and methods
A total of 100 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score I to III patients undergoing elective colonoscopy were taken into the study and divided into two groups. Exclusion criteria were patient refusal, mini mental test (MMT) <26, The Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale (APAIS) >10, advanced cardiopulmonary or psychiatric disease, chronic alcohol abuse, morbid obesity, and known allergy to study drugs. In group MM, 2 mg midazolam and 20 mg meperidine was given intravenously and additional 1 to 2 mg midazolam and 20 mg meperidine (with a maximum total of 5 mg midazolam and 50 mg meperidine) was given when bispectral index (BIS) was >80. In group RP, 100 μg/kg/minute propofol infusion and 1 μg/kg remifentanil bolus was administered and additional 0.5 μg/kg remifentanil bolus was given when BIS was >80. Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation scale (OAA/S) and Facial Pain Score (FPS) values were recorded. Cognitive function was measured by Trieger Dot Test (TDT) and Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST).

Results
The study was concluded with 100 patients. Heart rate was slower and BIS values were lower in group RP throughout the procedure. Blood pressure was lower in group RP without clinical significance. There was no difference concerning recovery time and visual analog scores (VASs). In group MM, TDT scores were higher and DSST scores were lower. Satisfaction was higher in group RP.

Conclusion
Propofol/remifentanil combination is better than meperidine/midazolam combination concerning cognitive function in sedation for colonoscopy.

Clinical significance
The addition of BIS monitorization to evaluate the depth of sedation and the negative effects of midazolam meperidine combination on postprocedural cognitive function.

How to cite this article
Ekmekçi P, Erkan G, Yilmaz H, Kazbek BK, Köksoy UC, Doganay G, Tüzüner F. Effect of Different Sedation Regimes on Cognitive Functions in Colonoscopy. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):158-162.
Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed caused by Typhoid Ulcer: Conservative Management
Authors: Goel Apoorv , Bansal Roli 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Typhoid fever is caused by gram-negative organism Salmonella typhi. The usual presentation is high-grade fever, but complications like gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage and perforation are also seen frequently. With the advent of antibiotics, these complications are rarely seen now. We present a case of a young female who was admitted with a diagnosis of typhoid fever presented with a massive GI bleed from ulcers in the terminal ileum and was managed conservatively without endotherapy and surgery.

How to cite this article
Goel A, Bansal R. Massive Lower Gastrointestinal Bleed caused by Typhoid Ulcer: Conservative Management. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):176-177.
A Rare Case of Complete Agenesis of Dorsal Pancreas
Authors: Dey Subhajeet , Singh Malwinder , Kaura Ankit , Diwakar Gaurav 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT
Agenesis of dorsal pancreas (ADP) is an extremely rare congenital anomaly that results from defective development of pancreas. Most ADP patients are asymptomatic; if symptomatic, they present with epigastric pain. About half of affected individuals develop diabetes mellitus (DM), resulting from reduced islet cell mass secondary to the absence of endocrine structures. Being very rare, it is generally not kept in mind while dealing these cases and are not suspected until imaging investigations are not done. In our case study, ADP was diagnosed during evaluation of the patient for recurrent pain abdomen and generalized weakness.

How to cite this article
Jain A, Singh M, Dey S, Kaura A, Diwakar G. A Rare Case of Complete Agenesis of Dorsal Pancreas. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):183-184.
Ascitic Fluid/Serum Bilirubin Ratio as an aid in Preoperative Diagnosis of Choleperitoneum in a Neglected Case of Spontaneous Common Bile Duct Perforation
Authors: Huda Farhanul , Singh Sudhir K , Saha Sarama 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSpontaneous perforation of extrahepatic biliary system is a rare and potentially fatal cause of acute abdomen. Clinical presentation is as biliary peritonitis. This condition is rarely suspected as a cause of peritonitis preoperatively and correct diagnosis is made during surgery. If suspected, diagnosis can be made by various imaging techniques like hepatobiliary scintigraphy, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). As these imaging techniques are not readily available, especially in low socioeconomic countries, we hereby report a case of spontaneous common bile duct (CBD) perforation, which was diagnosed preoperatively by estimation of ascitic fluid-to-serum bilirubin ratio, a simple, quick, and cost-effective test.How to cite this articleHuda F, Naithani M, Singh SK, Saha S. Ascitic Fluid/Serum Bilirubin Ratio as an aid in Preoperative Diagnosis of Choleperitoneum in a Neglected Case of Spontaneous Common Bile Duct Perforation. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2017;7(2):185-187.
Handwriting and Common Core State Standards: Teacher, Occupational Therapist, and Administrator Perceptions From New York State Public Schools
Authors: Collette Debra , Anson Kylie , Halabi Nora , Schlierman April , Suriner Allison 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Handwriting is the cornerstone of written performance and communication for school-age children. This mixed-methods study explored the impact of Common Core State Standards on handwriting instruction and its effects on perceptions regarding children’s written responses in elementary school. Using surveys and interviews of elementary teachers, occupational therapists, and administrators in New York State public schools, we sought to understand current trends in handwriting instruction, changes in time spent on handwriting instruction in the classroom, supports offered to students who did not meet expectations for handwriting, and the impact of Common Core on children’s written expression. Themes emerged revealing decreased handwriting instruction time and inconsistent use of handwriting instructional programs in the classroom after implementation of Common Core. Handwriting should be considered as a greater component in the foundational standards in Common Core. Occupational therapy services can support handwriting instruction implementation.
Boundary layer models for calving marine outlet glaciers
Authors: Schoof Christian , Davis Andrew D. , Popa Tiberiu V. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. We consider the flow of marine-terminating outlet glaciers that are laterally confined in a channel of prescribed width. In that case, the drag exerted by the channel side walls on a floating ice shelf can reduce extensional stress at the grounding line. If ice flux through the grounding line increases with both ice thickness and extensional stress, then a longer shelf can reduce ice flux by decreasing extensional stress. Consequently, calving has an effect on flux through the grounding line by regulating the length of the shelf. In the absence of a shelf, it plays a similar role by controlling the above-flotation height of the calving cliff. Using two calving laws, one due to Nick et al. (2010) based on a model for crevasse propagation due to hydrofracture and the other simply asserting that calving occurs where the glacier ice becomes afloat, we pose and analyse a flowline model for a marine-terminating glacier by two methods: direct numerical solution and matched asymptotic expansions. The latter leads to a boundary layer formulation that predicts flux through the grounding line as a function of depth to bedrock, channel width, basal drag coefficient, and a calving parameter. By contrast with unbuttressed marine ice sheets, we find that flux can decrease with increasing depth to bedrock at the grounding line, reversing the usual stability criterion for steady grounding line location. Stable steady states can then have grounding lines located on retrograde slopes. We show how this anomalous behaviour relates to the strength of lateral versus basal drag on the grounded portion of the glacier and to the specifics of the calving law used.
Discovery and characterization of submarine groundwater discharge in the Siberian Arctic seas: a case study in the Buor-Khaya Gulf, Laptev Sea
Authors: Charkin Alexander N. , Rutgers van der Loeff Michiel , Shakhova Natalia E. , Gustafsson Örjan , Dudarev Oleg V. , Cherepnev Maxim S. , Salyuk Anatoly N. , Koshurnikov Andrey V. , Spivak Eduard A. , Gunar Alexey Y. , Ruban Alexey S. , Semiletov Igor P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract. It has been suggested that increasing terrestrial water discharge to the Arctic Ocean may partly occur as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), yet there are no direct observations of this phenomenon in the Arctic shelf seas. This study tests the hypothesis that SGD does exist in the Siberian Arctic Shelf seas, but its dynamics may be largely controlled by complicated geocryological conditions such as permafrost. The field-observational approach in the southeastern Laptev Sea used a combination of hydrological (temperature, salinity), geological (bottom sediment drilling, geoelectric surveys), and geochemical (224Ra, 223Ra, 228Ra, and 226Ra) techniques. Active SGD was documented in the vicinity of the Lena River delta with two different operational modes. In the first system, groundwater discharges through tectonogenic permafrost talik zones was registered in both winter and summer. The second SGD mechanism was cryogenic squeezing out of brine and water-soluble salts detected on the periphery of ice hummocks in the winter. The proposed mechanisms of groundwater transport and discharge in the Arctic land-shelf system is elaborated. Through salinity vs. 224Ra and 224Ra / 223Ra diagrams, the three main SGD-influenced water masses were identified and their end-member composition was constrained. Based on simple mass-balance box models, discharge rates at sites in the submarine permafrost talik zone were 1. 7 × 106 m3 d−1 or 19.9 m3 s−1, which is much higher than the April discharge of the Yana River. Further studies should apply these techniques on a broader scale with the objective of elucidating the relative importance of the SGD transport vector relative to surface freshwater discharge for both water balance and aquatic components such as dissolved organic carbon, carbon dioxide, methane, and nutrients.
Revision of the genus Spilopteron Townes, 1965 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Acaenitinae) from Japan
Authors: Ito Masato , Maeto Kaoru 
Published: October 2017

Ten Japanese species of the genus Spilopteron Townes, 1965 are recognized. Five new species, S. albiventre sp. nov., S. brachyurum sp. nov., S. nigrum sp. nov., S. oblongulum sp. nov. and S. pseudonigrum sp. nov., are described from Japan. Morphological discrimination between most Japanese species is confirmed by sequence analysis of the mitochondrial COI gene, which indicates the following relationships: S. oblongulum sp. nov. + S. apicale (Matsumura, 1912), S. brachyurum sp. nov. + S. nigrum sp. nov. + S. pseudonigrum sp. nov., and S. tosaense (Uchida, 1934) + S. luteum (Uchida, 1930). A key to the Japanese species of Spilopteron is provided. This genus seems to have its center of diversity in the mid-latitude area of East Asia.
Interphase Chromosome Profiling: A Method for Conventional Banded Chromosome Analysis Using Interphase Nuclei
Authors: Babu Ramesh , Van Dyke Daniel L. , Dev Vaithilingam G. , Koduru Prasad , Rao Nagesh , Mitter Navnit S. , Liu Mingya , Fuentes Ernesto , Fuentes Sarah , Papa Stephen 
Published: October 2017

Context.—
Chromosome analysis on bone marrow or peripheral blood samples fails in a small proportion of attempts. A method that is more reliable, with similar or better resolution, would be a welcome addition to the armamentarium of the cytogenetics laboratory.

Objective.—
To develop a method similar to banded metaphase chromosome analysis that relies only on interphase nuclei.

Design.—
To label multiple targets in an equidistant fashion along the entire length of each chromosome, including landmark subtelomere and centromere regions. Each label so generated by using cloned bacterial artificial chromosome probes is molecularly distinct with unique spectral characteristics, so the number and position of the labels can be tracked to identify chromosome abnormalities.

Results.—
Interphase chromosome profiling (ICP) demonstrated results similar to conventional chromosome analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization in 55 previously studied cases and obtained useful ICP chromosome analysis results on another 29 cases in which conventional methods failed.

Conclusions.—
ICP is a new and powerful method to karyotype peripheral blood and bone marrow aspirate preparations without reliance on metaphase chromosome preparations. It will be of particular value for cases with a failed conventional analysis or when a fast turnaround time is required.
A Novel Approach to Improving Utilization of Laboratory Testing
Authors: Zhou Yaolin , Procop Gary W. , Riley Jacquelyn D. 
Published: October 2017

Context.—
The incorporation of best practice guidelines into one's institution is a challenging goal of utilization management, and the successful adoption of such guidelines depends on institutional context. Laboratorians who have access to key clinical data are well positioned to understand existing local practices and promote more appropriate laboratory testing.

Objective.—
To apply a novel approach to utilization management by reviewing international clinical guidelines and current institutional practices to create a reliable mechanism to improve detection and reduce unnecessary tests in our patient population.

Design.—
We targeted a frequently ordered genetic test for HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis, a disorder of low penetrance. After reviewing international practice guidelines, we evaluated 918 HFE tests and found that all patients with new diagnoses had transferrin saturation levels that were significantly higher than those of patients with nonrisk genotypes (72% versus 42%; P &lt; .001).

Results.—
Our “one-button” order that restricts HFE genetic tests to patients with transferrin saturation greater than 45% is consistent with published practice guidelines and detected 100% of new patients with HFE-related hereditary hemochromatosis.

Conclusions.—
Our proposed algorithm differs from previously published approaches in that it incorporates both clinical practice guidelines and local physician practices, yet requires no additional hands-on effort from pathologists or clinicians. This novel approach to utilization management embraces the role of pathologists as leaders in promoting high-quality patient care in local health care systems.
Trends in James Baldwin Criticism 2010–13
Authors: Miller D.Quentin 
Published: October 2017

The acceleration of interest in Baldwin’s work and impact since 2010 shows no signs of
diminishing. This resurgence has much to do with Baldwin—the richness and passionate
intensity of his vision—and also something to do with the dedicated scholars who have
pursued a variety of publication platforms to generate further interest in his work. The
reach of Baldwin studies has grown outside the academy as well: Black Lives Matter
demonstrations routinely feature quotations from Baldwin; Twitter includes a “Son of
Baldwin” site; and Raoul Peck’s 2016 documentary, I Am Not Your Negro, has received
considerable critical and popular interest. The years 2010–13 were a key period in moving
past the tired old formula—that praised his early career and denigrated the works he wrote
after 1963—into the new formula—positing Baldwin as a misunderstood visionary, a
wide-reaching artist, and a social critic whose value we are only now beginning to
appreciate. I would highlight four additional prominent trends that emerged between 2010
and 2013: a consideration of Baldwin in the contexts of film, drama, and music;
understandings of Baldwin globally; Baldwin’s criticism of American institutions; and
analyses of Baldwin’s work in conversation with other authors.
Relationship between hemoglobin glycation index and extent of coronary heart disease in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cheng Po Chung , Hsu Shang Ren , Cheng Yun Chung , Liu Yu Hsiu 
Published: October 2017

Background
Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) are at an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Diabetic complications have recently been associated with a measure of glucose metabolism known as the hemoglobin glycation index (HGI). Currently there is insufficient information regarding a potential link between HGI and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between HGI and extent of CHD in individuals with T2D.

Methods
This cross-sectional study screened individuals visiting the endocrinology clinic between June 2012 and May 2016 for eligibility. Enrollment criteria included individuals above 21 years of age with T2D diagnosed in the preceding ten years. Candidates with hemoglobin disorders, pregnancy, and existing coronary artery disease were excluded. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were sampled three months prior to angiography. The regression equation of predicted HbA1c = 0.008 × FPG + 6.28 described the linear relationship between these variables. HGI was calculated as the difference between the measured HbA1c and predicted HbA1c. Participants were classified into two groups according to the presence of supranormal (≥0) or subnormal HGI (<0).

Results
Among 423 participants, people with supranormal HGI harbored an increased prevalence of multiple vessel disease relative to those with subnormal HGI (Odds ratio (OR): 3.9, 95% CI [2.64–5.98], P < 0.001). Moreover, individuals with supranormal HGI more frequently demonstrated lesions involving the left anterior descending artery (OR: 3.0, 95% CI [1.97–4.66], P < 0.001). The intergroup difference in mean HbA1c was statistically nonsignificant (7.5 ± 1.0% versus 7.4 ± 1.1%, P = 0.80).

Discussion
This study demonstrated that HGI correlated with the extent of CHD in individuals with T2D. People with supranormal HGI harbored a higher prevalence of extensive cardiovascular disease compared to those with subnormal HGI. The relationship between HGI and extent of CHD enables cardiovascular risk stratification in at risk individuals. Overall, HGI provides useful information concerning cardiovascular risk in clinical practice.
Wavelength‐Selective Solar Photovoltaic Systems: Powering Greenhouses for Plant Growth at the Food‐Energy‐Water Nexus
Authors: Loik Michael E. , Carter Sue A. , Alers Glenn , Wade Catherine E. , Shugar David , Corrado Carley , Jokerst Devin , Kitayama Carol 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGlobal renewable electricity generation capacity has rapidly increased in the past decade. Increasing the sustainability of electricity generation and the market share of solar photovoltaics (PV) will require continued cost reductions or higher efficiencies. Wavelength‐Selective Photovoltaic Systems (WSPVs) combine luminescent solar cell technology with conventional silicon‐based PV, thereby increasing efficiency and lowering the cost of electricity generation. WSPVs absorb some of the blue and green wavelengths of the solar spectrum but transmit the remaining wavelengths that can be utilized by photosynthesis for plants growing below. WSPVs are ideal for integrating electricity generation with glasshouse production, but it is not clear how they may affect plant development and physiological processes. The effects of tomato photosynthesis under WSPVs showed a small decrease in water use, whereas there were minimal effects on the number and fresh weight of fruit for a number of commercial species. Although more research is required on the impacts of WSPVs, they are a promising technology for greater integration of distributed electricity generation with food production operations, for reducing water loss in crops grown in controlled environments, as building‐integrated solar facilities, or as alternatives to high‐impact PV for energy generation over agricultural or natural ecosystems.