bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rlm1 mediates positive autoregulatory transcriptional feedback that is essential for Slt2-dependent gene expression
Authors: García Raúl , Sanz Ana Belén , Rodríguez-Peña José Manuel , Nombela César , Arroyo Javier 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Activation of the yeast cell wall integrity (CWI) pathway induces an adaptive transcriptional programme that is largely dependent on the transcription factor Rlm1 and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Slt2. Upon cell wall stress, the transcription factor Rlm1 is recruited to the promoters of RLM1 and SLT2, and exerts positive-feedback mechanisms on the expression of both genes. Activation of the MAPK Slt2 by cell wall stress is not impaired in strains with individual blockade of any of the two feedback pathways. Abrogation of the autoregulatory feedback mechanism on RLM1 severely affects the transcriptional response elicited by activation of the CWI pathway. In contrast, a positive trans-acting feedback mechanism exerted by Rlm1 on SLT2 also regulates CWI output responses but to a lesser extent. Therefore, a complete CWI transcriptional response requires not only phosphorylation of Rlm1 by Slt2 but also concurrent SLT2- and RLM1-mediated positive-feedback mechanisms; sustained patterns of gene expression are mainly achieved by positive autoregulatory circuits based on the transcriptional activation of Rlm1.
Docking-complex-independent alignment of Chlamydomonas outer dynein arms with 24-nm periodicity in vitro
Authors: Oda Toshiyuki , Abe Tatsuki , Yanagisawa Haruaki , Kikkawa Masahide 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
The docking complex is a molecular complex necessary for assembly of outer dynein arms (ODAs) on the axonemal doublet microtubules (DMTs) in cilia and flagella. The docking complex is hypothesized to be a 24-nm molecular ruler because ODAs align along the DMTs with 24-nm periodicity. In this study, we rigorously tested this hypothesis using structural and genetic methods. We found that the ODAs can bind to DMTs and porcine microtubules with 24-nm periodicities even in the absence of the docking complex in vitro. Using cryo-electron tomography and structural labeling, we observed that the docking complex took an unexpectedly flexible conformation and did not lie along the length of DMTs. In the absence of docking complex, ODAs were released from the DMT at relatively low ionic strength conditions, suggesting that the docking complex strengthens the electrostatic interactions between the ODA and DMT. Based on these results, we conclude that the docking complex serves as a flexible stabilizer of the ODA rather than as a molecular ruler.
Increased muscular volume and cuticular specialisations enhance jump velocity in solitarious compared with gregarious desert locusts,Schistocerca gregaria
Authors: Rogers Stephen M. , Riley Joanna , Brighton Caroline , Sutton Gregory P. , Cullen Darron A. , Burrows Malcolm 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThe desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, shows a strong phenotypic plasticity. It can develop, depending upon population density, into either a solitarious or gregarious phase that differs in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and morphology. Prominent amongst these differences is that solitarious locusts have proportionately longer hind femora than gregarious locusts. The hind femora contain the muscles and energy-storing cuticular structures that propel powerful jumps using a catapult-like mechanism. We show that solitarious locusts jump on average 23% faster and 27% further than gregarious locusts, and attribute this improved performance to three sources: first, a 17.5% increase in the relative volume of their hind femur, and hence muscle volume; second, a 24.3% decrease in the stiffness of the energy-storing semi-lunar processes of the distal femur; and third, a 4.5% decrease in the stiffness of the tendon of the extensor tibiae muscle. These differences mean that solitarious locusts can generate more power and store more energy in preparation for a jump than can gregarious locusts. This improved performance comes at a cost: solitarious locusts expend nearly twice the energy of gregarious locusts during a single jump and the muscular co-contraction that energises the cuticular springs takes twice as long. There is thus a trade-off between achieving maximum jump velocity in the solitarious phase against the ability to engage jumping rapidly and repeatedly in the gregarious phase.
Cross-Cultural Aspects of Advertising Communication (on the Material of Advertising Printed Texts)
Authors: Гончарова  , Goncharova Lyubov 
Published: March 2016

The article highlights the issues of representation of different countries and
cultures in the advertising texts, discusses aspects of intercultural communication,
manifested in advertising: symbols, stereotypes, linguistic means.
The article shows the illustrative material, reflecting features of broadcast
advertising information, taking into account the specifics of national mentality.
This article discusses features of the Russian consumer perceptions
such texts. These aspects are also discussed on in the advertising texts in
tourism sphere.
Training of tourism industry in regional universities
Authors: Молчанова Наталья , Molchanova Natalya 
Published: March 2016

The issue of training in the tourism sector is one of the most priorities. Today tourism is the most promising, rapidly
developing social, cultural, and leisure activities. The article describes tourist activities from the point of view of its
staffing. The main purpose is to identify the peculiarities of professional education in the field of tourism, to define
a circle of competences, which a specialist in this field should have. The specificity of the regions of our country
requires more attention to the development of skills in the sphere of tourism. System of professional education in the
sphere of tourism should be comprehensive, i. e. it should foresee professional integration of theory and practice,
formation and correction of professional values, motivation, and quality and virtues of personality. Tourism development
is one of the promising directions of optimization of cultural and social-economic growth of life of population
of regions. The experience of the Olympic and Paralympics games in Sochi in 2014 shows that the organization
of international sports events allows to implement projects and programs for the optimization and development of
tourist potential. In this regard, most of the educational institutions of regions and cities aim at training highly
qualified personnel not only in tourism, but also in related fields. Modern trends in the tourism sector must respond
to prevailing needs, the education and training of specialists in the sphere of tourism. Training should be tailored to
actual customers of present and future tourist market. Thus, the article aims to examine the specifics of formation
of professional competencies of personnel of tourism sector, which are necessary for the future development of the
tourism industry of our country and its separate regions.
Transformation of higher education in the context of the supporting university creation: the social and economic analysis
Authors: Болгова Мария , Bolgova Mariya , Подлегаев Алексей , Podlegaev Aleksey 
Published: March 2016

The article is devoted to define new result of the restructuring of higher education that meets the requirements of
the economy and society. It examines the origin and development of the transformation of higher education in
modern conditions. The authors, following other researchers, use the term “modernization” and “transformation”,
conclude that the modern educational space at present, is changed with the desire to the competitiveness
of domestic specialists. The last three years, the Russian higher school lives under the badge of the May (2012)
decrees of the President of Russia Vladimir Putin. The Ministry of education and science of the Russian Federation,
consistently pursuing a line on increasing the effectiveness of Russian universities, developed a set of measures
and started their practical implementation. The article discusses a new project of the Ministry of education
and science of the Russian Federation about the creation of supporting regional universities. Special attention is
paid to the synergetic effect, which is created by optimization of the network of educational institutions of higher
education. According to the authors, it is determined by the achievement of the targets. One of them is the social
effect, which manifests itself in achieving target values of indicators for the success and competitiveness of University
in the field of education; the impact of research and technological works; capacity building; international
and national recognition. Also there is an economic effect, which manifests itself in achieving target values of
entrepreneurial activity. The authors examine the methods and prospects for joint development of universities,
their influence on the economy and society.
Consumer Preference Elicitation of Complex Products Using Fuzzy Support Vector Machine Active Learning
Authors: Huang Dongling , Luo Lan 
Published: March 2016

As technology advances, new products (e.g., digital cameras, computer tablets, etc.) have become increasingly more complex. Researchers often face considerable challenges in understanding consumers’ preferences for such products. This paper proposes an adaptive decompositional framework to elicit consumers’ preferences for complex products. The proposed method starts with collaborative-filtered initial part-worths, followed by an adaptive question selection process that uses a fuzzy support vector machine active learning algorithm to adaptively refine the individual-specific preference estimate after each question. Our empirical and synthetic studies suggest that the proposed method performs well for product categories equipped with as many as 70 to 100 attribute levels, which is typically considered prohibitive for decompositional preference elicitation methods. In addition, we demonstrate that the proposed method provides a natural remedy for a long-standing challenge in adaptive question design by gauging the possibility of response errors on the fly and incorporating the results into the survey design. This research also explores in a live setting how responses from previous respondents may be used to facilitate active learning of the focal respondent’s product preferences. Overall, the proposed approach offers new capabilities that complement existing preference elicitation methods, particularly in the context of complex products. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mksc.2015.0946 .
Economic and Policy Implications of Restricted Patch Distribution
Authors: Kannan Karthik , Rahman Mohammad S. , Tawarmalani Mohit 
Published: March 2016

In this paper, we study how restricting the availability of patches to legal users impacts the vendor’s profits, market share, software maintenance decisions, and welfare outcomes. Prior work on this topic assumes that the hacker’s effort is independent of the vendor’s decision to release the patch freely or not. Clearly, if the patch is not available to everyone, the hacker finds it easier to exploit the vulnerability in the product and, as a result, is likely to alter his effort. To understand the role of a strategic hacker, we build a game-theoretic model, where the hacker’s decision is endogenous. With this model, we find that the hacker’s effort may, on the one hand, decrease the utility that the vendor can extract from the consumers but, on the other hand, may help differentiate the legal version of the product from the pirated version. A vendor can strategically exploit the hacker’s behavior in its pricing and software maintenance decisions. The endogeneity of the hacker’s actions drives several of our findings that have interesting policy implications. For example, the vendor may increase the price and reduce market share to exploit the differentiation. In such a case, there may be more pirates in the restricted-patch case than when the patch is freely available, a result that runs counter to typical arguments provided for restricting patches. This paper was accepted by Chris Forman, information systems.
Portfolio Analysis Using Stochastic Dominance, Relative Entropy, and Empirical Likelihood
Authors: Post Thierry , Potì Valerio 
Published: March 2016

This study formulates portfolio analysis in terms of stochastic dominance, relative entropy, and empirical likelihood. We define a portfolio inefficiency measure based on the divergence between given probabilities and the nearest probabilities that rationalize a given portfolio for some admissible utility function. When applied to a sample of time-series observations in a blockwise fashion, the inefficiency measure becomes a likelihood ratio statistic for testing inequality moment conditions. The limiting distribution of the test statistic is bounded by a chi-squared distribution under general sampling schemes, allowing for conservative large-sample testing. We develop a tight numerical approximation for the test statistic based on a two-stage optimization procedure and piecewise linearization techniques. A Monte Carlo simulation study of the empirical likelihood ratio test shows superior small-sample properties compared with various generalized method of moments tests. An application analyzes the efficiency of a passive stock market index in data sets from the empirical asset pricing literature. This paper was accepted by Manel Baucells, decision analysis.
When Retailing and Las Vegas Meet: Probabilistic Free Price Promotions
Authors: Mazar Nina , Shampanier Kristina , Ariely Dan 
Published: March 2016

A number of retailers offer gambling- or lottery-type price promotions with a chance to receive one’s entire purchase for free. Although these retailers seem to share the intuition that probabilistic free price promotions are attractive to consumers, it is unclear how they compare to traditional sure price promotions of equal expected monetary value. We compared these two risky and sure price promotions for planned purchases across six experiments in the field and in the laboratory. Together, we found that consumers are not only more likely to purchase a product promoted with a probabilistic free discount over the same product promoted with a sure discount but that they are also likely to purchase more of it. This preference seems to be primarily due to a diminishing sensitivity to the prices. In addition, we find that the zero price effect, transaction cost, and novelty considerations are likely not implicated. This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Newsvendor Mergers
Authors: Cho Soo-Haeng , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2016

This paper studies a merger between price-setting newsvendors in an oligopolistic market. It is well known that inventory pooling can greatly reduce inventory costs in a centralized distribution system because it helps reduce aggregate demand uncertainty. Although such statistical economies of scale are important benefits of a retail merger, the extant literature models cost savings from a merger only through reduction in a postmerger firm’s marginal cost. In this paper, we develop a model of a retail merger under uncertain demand that distinguishes between cost savings from conventional economies of scale and those from statistical economies of scale, and we show that these two sources of cost savings have substantially different impacts on firms’ decisions in a postmerger market. Contrary to the existing theory of mergers developed under deterministic demand, we find that although inventory pooling enables the postmerger firm to achieve cost savings, it always induces firms to raise their prices, and we find that marginal cost reduction induces firms to lower their prices only when it is substantial—consequently, larger cost synergies can benefit even nonparticipant firms. Finally, even if a merger induces all firms to raise their prices, it can still improve expected consumer welfare by increasing firms’ service levels under uncertain demand. This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Categorizing Users of Cloud Services
Authors: Nohadani Omid , Dunn Jocelyn , Klimeck Gerhard 
Published: March 2016

Many services, e.g., in education and research, have witnessed increased productivity and scalability, mainly because of the growing prevalence of online platforms. To accelerate this progression, a detailed understanding of user interactions with these complex systems is instrumental. Current approaches for analyzing service user behavior have two main limitations: (a) unsupervised learning methods do not discriminate behavior meaningfully and scale poorly; and (b) surveys as input data probe only intentions. We introduce a framework to analyze user behavior in complex cloud services. Our objectives are (a) a computationally lean method to cope with large data sets and (b) for the input data to be free of assumptions. We define three data-driven metrics based only on the size and volume of data, using nested arrangements of zero and infinity norms. Using threshold analysis, user behavior data is categorized over one metric and subsequently verified over the other two metrics. We apply this method to analyze the behavior of users of nanoHUB services, the world’s largest cyber-infrastructure for nanotechnology research and education. As input, actual user decisions are employed. The introduced frequency metric leads to a dispersion of usage duration. The resulting separated power and casual user categories are validated over the diversity and intensity metrics. Moreover, subcategories of previously unknown classroom users are identified. These findings allow policy makers to optimally tailor educational programs to such uncoordinated groups. Given nanoHUB’s size, its leading role in educational services, and the approach’s data-driven nature, the presented method is applicable to a wide range of cloud services.
Methylene Blue is a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor; Severe Harm and Death Associated with Low-Dose Methotrexate; Potentially Dangerous Mix-up between Cancer Drugs
Authors: Cohen Michael R. , Smetzer Judy L. 
Published: March 2016

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them at your inservice training programs. Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) Medication Errors Reporting Program. Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers' names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below. Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported directly to ISMP through the ISMP Web site ( www.ismp.org ), by calling 800-FAIL-SAFE, or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters' wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Impact of the Joint Commission Pneumonia Core Measure on Antibiotic Use and Selection for Community-Acquired Pneumonia in the Emergency Room
Authors: Bulloch Marilyn N. , Tapley Natalie G. , Sivaraman Boopathy , Parton Jason M. 
Published: March 2016

Background Prior to 2012, The Joint Commission (TJC) pneumonia core measure (PN-5) required antibiotic administration for suspected community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) within 6 hours of arrival to the emergency room (ER). In 2012, TJC issued PN-6 requiring antibiotic administration within 24 hours of presentation. Though PN-6 was anticipated to reduce overuse and inappropriate antibiotic use and improve appropriate antibiotic selection, the impact of PN-5 and PN-6 on optimizing care for CAP in the ER remains unknown. Objective To investigate the impact of TJC pneumonia core measures on antibiotic use in the ER for suspected CAP. Methods In this single-center study, medical records of patients 18 years old and older diagnosed with CAP in the ER during 2011 (PN-5) and 2012 (PN-6) and admitted for 1 day or longer were reviewed. Exclusion criteria included criteria for health care–associated pneumonia. Comparisons between groups were performed using descriptive statistics and contingency table analysis with chi-square or Fisher exact tests for categorical variables and t tests for continuous variables. Statistical analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and SAS version 9.4. Results Antibiotic use was comparable between PN-5 and PN-6. Approximately half of patients in each group received an appropriate empiric CAP regimen (52% vs 54%; P = .807). Among inappropriate regimens, the most common reason was use of a beta-lactam alone (69% vs 83%; P = .26). More patients had an ultimate diagnosis of CAP with PN-6 (78% vs 86%; P = .3). Conclusion Changes in pneumonia core measure requirements did not have a significant impact on appropriate antibiotic use in the ER.
Competition Without Zero-Sum Outcome: China's Role in a Changing World
Authors: Khalid Rahman  
Published: March 2016

Competition is natural but the competitive tendencies can be constructive as well as destructive based on the intent involved. While competition in today's world has upped the standards of living, it has also given rise to wide-spread disparities. The prevailing global paradigm is based on the concept of ‘the survival of the fittest’ and in return, ‘might is right’ phenomenon. China with its now established economic power and expanding political clout at global level may play a leading role to render the prevailing global regime as just and rule-based. China's leadership in the recent past has been stressing upon the ideas and ideals such as ‘harmonious development,’ ‘mutual interest,’ and ‘shared destiny.’ Recent moves by Beijing such as the establishment of a regional and a global bank as well as the push for an Asian trade deal indicate that while China will not out-rightly challenge the global system, lack of reforms in the institutions responsible for maintaining global peace, order and economic stability will inevitably pave the way for alternatives.
This paper is a revised and updated version of a written contribution made in Beijing in “The Party and the World Dialogue 2014” on the theme of “China's New Reforms: the Role of the Party” organized by China Center for Contemporary World Studies (CCCWS) on September 3–4, 2014.