bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary protein levels and 2‐methylbutyrate on ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, bacterial populations and urinary purine derivatives in Simmental steers
Authors: Wang C. , Liu Q. , Guo G. , Huo W. J. , Pei C. X. , Zhang S. L. , Yang W. Z. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) levels and 2‐methylbutyrate (MB) supplementation on ruminal fermentation, bacterial populations, microbial enzyme activity and urinary excretion of purine derivatives (PD) in Simmental steers. Eight ruminally cannulated Simmental steers, averaging 18 months of age and 465 ± 8.6 kg of body weight (BW), were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square design by a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. Low protein (98.5 g CP/kg dry matter [LP] or high protein (128.7 g CP/kg dry matter [HP]) diets were fed with MB supplementation (0 g [MB−] or 16.8 g steer−1 day−1 [MB+]). Steers were fed a total mixed ration with dietary corn straw to concentrate ratio of 50:50 (dry matter [DM] basis). The CP × MB interaction was observed for ruminal total VFA, molar proportions of acetate and propionate, acetate to propionate ratio, ammonia‐N, effective degradability of neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and CP, microbial enzyme activity, bacterial populations and total PD excretion (p < .05). Ruminal pH decreased (p < .05), but ruminal total VFA concentration increased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Acetate molar proportion increased (p = .043) with MB supplementation, but was not affected by dietary CP level. Propionate molar proportion decreased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Consequently, acetate‐to‐propionate ratio increased (p = .001) with MB supplementation, but was not affected by dietary CP level. Ruminal ammonia‐N content increased (p = .034) with increasing dietary CP level, but decreased (p = .012) with MB supplementation. The effective degradability of NDF and CP increased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. Microbial enzyme activity, bacterial populations and total PD excretion also increased (p < .05) with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation. The results indicated that ruminal fermentation, nutrient degradability, microbial enzyme activity, ruminal bacterial populations and microbial protein synthesis improved with increasing dietary CP level or MB supplementation in steers.
Outcome of reconstruction of cutaneous limb defects in dogs using hygroscopic “self‐inflating” tissue expanders
Authors: De Lorenzi M. , Swan M. C. , Easter C. , Chanoit G. P. A. 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesTo describe the placement of self‐inflating tissue expanders and clinical outcomes in 12 consecutive cases of reconstruction of distal cutaneous limb defects in dogs.Materials and MethodsCases of distal cutaneous limb defect were divided into three groups based on the location of the placement of the self‐inflating tissue expanders: Group A (n=4): on, or proximal to, the elbow and stifle; Group B (n=4): distal to the elbow or stifle and proximal to the carpus or tarsus; and Group C (n=4): distal to the carpus or tarsus. Owner satisfaction and clinical outcome were documented.ResultsThirteen cases were originally included, but one was excluded because of incomplete follow‐up. In one case, the self‐inflating tissue expanders were removed before expansion started. A mean of five expanders were implanted per dog (range 2 to 9). Devices were removed after a mean of 24 days (range 13 to 42 days). Primary closure was achieved in eight of 11 cases, including all cases from Group A and 75% and 33% of cases from Groups B and C, respectively. All incompletely reconstructed defects or areas of wound dehiscence healed by second intention. Eight of 12 owners were satisfied.Clinical SignificanceSelf‐inflating tissue expanders can be used as an alternative for the reconstruction of limb defects in dogs in which direct primary closure would otherwise not be achievable. Defects below the carpus and tarsus are more challenging to treat with this method.
Chronic sleep restriction differentially affects implicit biases toward food among men and women: preliminary evidence
Authors: Alkozei Anna , Killgore William D. S. , Smith Ryan , Dailey Natalie S. , Bajaj Sahil , Raikes Adam C. , Haack Monika 
Published: November 2017

SummaryChronic sleep restriction and obesity are two major public health concerns. This study investigated how chronic sleep restriction changes implicit attitudes towards low‐ and high‐calorie foods. In a randomized, counterbalanced cross‐over design, 17 participants (eight females, nine males) underwent two laboratory testing sessions where they were either sleep‐restricted for 3 weeks (i.e. underwent three weekly cycles of 5 nights of 4 h of sleep followed by 2 nights of 8 h of sleep opportunity) or received 3 weeks of control sleep (i.e. 8 h of sleep opportunity per night for 3 weeks). There was evidence for a significant sleep condition x sex interaction (F(1, 20) = 4.60, P = 0.04). After chronic sleep restriction, men showed a trend towards a significant decrease in their implicit attitudes favouring low‐calorie foods (P = 0.08), whereas women did not show a significant change (P = 0.16). Men may be at increased risk of weight gain when sleep‐deprived due to a reduced bias towards low‐calorie foods.
Identification and Pathogenicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa DJ1990 on Tail and Fin Rot Disease in Spotted Snakehead
Authors: Saikia Dibya J. , Chattopadhyay Pritam , Banerjee Goutam , Talukdar Bandita , Sarma Dandadhar 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTail and fin rot disease (TFRD) is a big issue in the production of spotted snakehead, Channa punctata Bloch. The aims of the present study were to isolate and identify the bacterial pathogen causing TFRD, to detect histopathological changes in tissues (fin, tail, liver, and kidney), and to ascertain the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of the isolate. Out of six bacterial isolates, only the isolate DJ1990 was found to be the causal candidate of TFRD in C. punctata. Identical histopathological changes were detected in tail, fin, liver, and kidney under light and scanning electron microscope in both collected diseased fish and artificially infected fish. The isolate was identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain DJ1990 (National Center for Biotechnology Information Ace. No. KX709967) based on the biochemical characterization tests and 16S rDNA sequence‐based phylogeny analysis. Artificial challenge test demonstrated that the strain DJ1990 was highly virulent (100% mortality at 48 h of postinjection period at the concentration of 1.5 × 107 CFU/g of body weight) for C. punctata. The isolate exhibited sensitivity to the broad‐spectrum antibiotics but was resistant against aztreonum. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. aeruginosa as a TFRD‐causing candidate in C. punctata.
Green dialysis survey: Establishing a baseline for environmental sustainability across dialysis facilities in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Barraclough Katherine A , Gleeson Alice , Holt Stephen G , Agar John WM 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAimThe Green Dialysis Survey aimed to (i) establish a baseline for environmental sustainability (ES) across Victorian dialysis facilities; and (ii) guide future initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of dialysis delivery.MethodsNurse unit managers of all Victorian public dialysis facilities received an online link to the survey, which asked 107 questions relevant to the ES of dialysis services.ResultsResponses were received from 71/83 dialysis facilities in Victoria (86%), representing 628/660 dialysis chairs (95%). Low energy lighting was present in 13 facilities (18%), 18 (25%) recycled reverse osmosis water and seven (10%) reported use of renewable energy. Fifty‐six facilities (79%) performed comingled recycling but only 27 (38%) recycled polyvinyl chloride plastic. A minority educated staff in appropriate waste management (n = 30;42%) or formally audited waste generation and segregation (n = 19;27%). Forty‐four (62%) provided secure bicycle parking but only 33 (46%) provided shower and changing facilities. There was limited use of tele‐ or video‐conferencing to replace staff meetings (n = 19;27%) or patient clinic visits (n = 13;18%). A minority considered ES in procurement decisions (n = 28;39%) and there was minimal preparedness to cope with climate change. Only 39 services (49%) confirmed an ES policy and few had ever formed a green group (n = 14; 20%) or were currently undertaking a green project (n = 8;11%). Only 15 facilities (21%) made formal efforts to raise awareness of ES.ConclusionThis survey provides a baseline for practices that potentially impact the environmental sustainability of dialysis units in Victoria, Australia. It also identifies achievable targets for attention.
Facultative root‐colonizing fungi dominate endophytic assemblages in roots of nonmycorrhizal Microthlaspi species
Authors: Glynou Kyriaki , Nam Bora , Thines Marco , Maciá‐Vicente Jose G. 
Published: November 2017

Summary

There is increasing knowledge on the diversity of root‐endophytic fungi, but limited information on their lifestyles and dependence on hosts hampers our understanding of their ecological functions. We compared diversity and biogeographical patterns of cultivable and noncultivable root endophytes to assess whether their occurrence is determined by distinct ecological factors.

The endophytic diversity in roots of nonmycorrhizal Microthlaspi spp. growing across Europe was assessed using high‐throughput sequencing (HTS) and compared with a previous dataset based on cultivation of endophytes from the same root samples.

HTS revealed a large fungal richness undetected by cultivation, but which largely comprised taxa with restricted distributions and/or low representation of sequence reads. Both datasets coincided in a consistent high representation of widespread endophytes within orders Pleosporales, Hypocreales and Helotiales, as well as similar associations of community structure with spatial and environmental conditions. Likewise, distributions of particular endophytes inferred by HTS agreed with cultivation data in suggesting individual ecological preferences.

Our findings support that Microthlaspi spp. roots are colonized mostly by saprotrophic and likely facultative endophytes, and that differential niche preferences and distribution ranges among fungi importantly drive the assembly of root‐endophytic communities.
miRNA expression profile of mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Authors: Binmadi NO , Basile JR , Perez P , Gallo A. , Tandon M , Elias W , Jang SI , Alevizos I 
Published: November 2017

ObjectivesMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single‐stranded RNAs that have been implicated in cancer initiation and progression and act as tumour suppressors or oncogenes. In this study, miRNA profiling was conducted on the most frequent malignancy of salivary glands, mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), in comparison with normal tissues.Materials and MethodsThe TaqMan Human miRNA Cards Array was used for the miRNA profiling of MEC and normal tissues. To validate the differentially expressed miRNAs in MEC, we used real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR).ResultsmiR‐302a was the most significantly increased miRNA in cancer tissues (p < .05). Here, we demonstrate that the upregulation of miR‐302a expression in SGT cell lines induced cancer cell invasion in vitro.ConclusionsThese promising results suggest the need for further studies to establish mir‐302a as a marker of invasion and aggressiveness in MEC.
Rice SUB1A constrains remodelling of the transcriptome and metabolome during submergence to facilitate post‐submergence recovery
Authors: Locke Anna M. , Barding Gregory A. , Sathnur Sumukh , Larive Cynthia K. , Bailey‐Serres Julia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe rice (Oryza sativa L.) ethylene‐responsive transcription factor gene SUB1A‐1 confers tolerance to prolonged, complete submergence by limiting underwater elongation growth. Upon desubmergence, SUB1A‐1 genotypes rapidly recover photosynthetic function and recommence development towards flowering. The underpinnings of the transition from stress amelioration to the return to homeostasis are not well known. Here, transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were conducted to identify mechanisms by which SUB1A improves physiological function over the 24 hr following a sublethal submergence event. Evaluation of near‐isogenic genotypes after submergence and over a day of reaeration demonstrated that SUB1A transiently constrains the remodelling of cellular activities associated with growth. SUB1A influenced the abundance of ca. 1,400 transcripts and had a continued impact on metabolite content, particularly free amino acids, glucose, and sucrose, throughout the recovery period. SUB1A promoted recovery of metabolic homeostasis but had limited influence on mRNAs associated with growth processes and photosynthesis. The involvement of low energy sensing during submergence and recovery was supported by dynamics in trehalose‐6‐phosphate and mRNAs encoding key enzymes and signalling proteins, which were modulated by SUB1A. This study provides new evidence of convergent signalling pathways critical to the rapidly reversible management of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in submergence resilient rice.
Increased serum cortisol on oral food challenge in infants with food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome
Authors: Shimomura Masaki , Ito Yasunori , Tanaka Hiroki , Meguro Takaaki , Kimura Mitsuaki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundAn increase in absolute neutrophil count (ANC) is seen after oral food challenge test (OFC) in patients with food protein‐induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). Although it has been suggested that interleukin (IL)‐8 is involved in this phenomenon, a possible role for cortisol has not yet been studied.MethodsSix positive OFC in five patients with FPIES due to cows’ milk (CM) proteins, and two negative OFC in two patients with suspected FPIES were analyzed. Absolute neutrophil count, serum IL‐8, and serum cortisol were measured before OFC, 6 and 24 h after the ingestion of CM formula.ResultsFor the positive OFC, ANC measured 6 h after the ingestion of CM formula was significantly higher than that measured before the OFC (median, 8,761 versus 2,297/μL; P < 0.05). Significant increases in serum cortisol and IL‐8 were observed 6 h after OFC (cortisol, median 1,119 pg/mL before versus 2,141 pg/mL after, P < 0.05; IL‐8, median 15.5 pg/mL before versus 165.3 pg/mL after, P < 0.05). The change ratio (i.e. ratio of that after OFC to that before OFC) of ANC was significantly correlated not only with that of serum IL‐8 (r = 0.90, P < 0.01) but also with that of serum cortisol (r = 0.76, P < 0.05). Moreover, the serum cortisol change ratio was significantly higher in subjects with vomiting than in those without (median, 2.5 versus 1.0, P < 0.05).ConclusionsSerum cortisol, in combination with IL‐8, affects the increase in ANC after OFC.
Kidney transplantation in a child with Pierson syndrome
Authors: Guler Sanem , Cimen Sertac , Acott Phillip , Whelan Kathy , Molinari Michele 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCongenital nephrotic syndrome is commonly associated with mutations in genes that encode podocyte and slit diaphragm proteins or the structural and regulatory proteins of the GBM. These mutations lead to the formation of dysfunctional proteins, which account for the resistance of the renal manifestations to conventional treatment methods. Consequently, patients become renal replacement therapy dependent. Mutation of the LAMB2 gene is associated with Pierson syndrome, which is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by congenital nephrotic syndrome and ocular abnormalities. In this report, a 2‐year‐old male patient who was diagnosed with Pierson syndrome is presented. He had bilateral microcoria and developmental delay in addition to nephrotic syndrome. His renal function deteriorated rapidly, and he underwent a deceased donor kidney transplantation. He showed dramatic improvement after kidney transplantation; in addition to having good renal function, he started to catch up to his peers in terms of growth. Pierson syndrome should be considered during the diagnostic investigations of children with renal manifestations and ocular abnormalities. Children with Pierson syndrome must be evaluated in terms of kidney transplantation as soon as they are diagnosed.
Th1/Th2 immune responses and oxidative stress in caprine flea allergy dermatitis
Authors: Ajith Y. , Dimri U. , Gopalakrishnan A. , Madhesh E. , Jhambh R. , Joshi V. , Devi G. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryFlea allergy dermatitis (FAD) is the common, often neglected skin disease of goats caused mainly by Ctenocephalides felis. This study aimed to evaluate the immuno‐oxidative pathobiology of FAD in goats. Twelve goats from the same herd were divided into two groups of six animals each. The group I (FAD) included animals with natural flea infestation and severe dermatitis lesions. The group II (Healthy control) animals were free from any parasitic infestation. To assess the pathological changes, the markers of oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and total antioxidant capacity), and immune status (Tumour necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin 10, Transforming growth factor beta 1 and Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio) were evaluated from the blood and the serum samples. Remarkable oxidative stress and severe inflammatory response with Th2 cytokine dominance were observed in flea infested animals. Highly antigenic agents of fleas, either secretory or excretory or structural, induced severe inflammatory responses and significant oxidative stress in caprine FAD. Massive release of cytokines may be responsible for severe skin inflammation and lesions in FAD in contrast to other Th2 dominant ectoparasitic skin conditions of goats’.
Vagal modulation of 1‐month‐old infants to auditory stimuli is associated with self‐regulatory behavior
Authors: Cruz Sara , Ferreira‐Santos Fernando , Oliveira‐Silva Patrícia , Ribeiro Eugénia , Gonçalves Óscar , Sampaio Adriana 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDuring infancy, cardiac vagal modulation has been associated with attentional and social engagement behaviors. While studies have shown that infants display a behavioral repertoire that enables them to interact with others by being able to regulate themselves in order to attend to and to discriminate emotional and social cues, vagal modulation to sensory stimuli and its association with behavioral outcomes at early ages remains to be addressed. In this study, we analyzed the cardiac vagal response of 1‐month‐old infants to two auditory stimuli intensities and whether vagal response was associated with social interactive and self‐regulatory abilities. Therefore, we recorded cardiac and respiratory physiological responses in 28 infants using a Biopac System. Neurobehavioral assessment was performed using the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale. We observed increased respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) amplitude to both auditory stimuli intensities when compared to baseline. No intensity effect was found for the RSA response. Additionally, we observed that higher RSA amplitude to both auditory stimuli was positively correlated with adjusted self‐regulatory behaviors, suggesting a convergence between multiple measures assessing infants' state regulation. Results are discussed in light of 1‐month‐old infants' auditory stimuli processing and its implications for regulatory behaviors and the emergent social‐like behaviors.
Severe dermatophytosis in solid organ transplant recipients: A French retrospective series and literature review
Authors: Rouzaud Claire , Chosidow Olivier , Brocard Anabelle , Fraitag Sylvie , Scemla Anne , Anglicheau Dany , Bouaziz Jean‐David , Dupin Nicolas , Bougnoux Marie‐Elisabeth , Hay Roderick , Lortholary Olivier , Lanternier Fanny ,   French Mycoses Study Group
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveSevere dermatophytosis is described in immunocompromised patients with defective cellular immunity. We report here a large series and a literature review of severe dermatophytosis in solid‐organ transplant (SOT) recipients.MethodThe data main source was a national French retrospective study of severe dermatophytosis in SOT recipients between 2010 and 2016. Inclusion criteria were the presence of dermatophytes in skin culture and 1 severity criteria: dermal invasion by dermatophytes (invasive dermatophytosis) or involvement of at least two body sites or >10% of body surface area (extensive dermatophytosis).ResultsA total of 12 patients were included (8 men, median age of 56 years [range: 33‐71]). Of the 12 patients, 10 underwent kidney transplantation. The median time from transplantation to severe dermatophytosis diagnosis was 16 months [range: 2‐94]. Clinical signs of superficial dermatophytosis were present in 8/12 patients before the emergence of severe dermatophytosis. Nine patients had invasive forms and three extensive ones, and nodules of the lower extremities were found in eight. Trichophyton rubrum was isolated in 11 cases. First‐line treatment was terbinafine (7/12), posaconazole (3/12), or topical treatment alone (2/12). Immunosuppressive therapy was reduced in 3 patients because of associated infections. Complete response was obtained for 3/3 and 5/9 patients with extensive or invasive forms, respectively, after a median treatment's duration of 2.5 [range: 1.5‐5] months and 7.5 months [range: 4‐12]. Unrelated deaths (n = 2) and graft function impairment (n = 3) occurred.ConclusionSevere dermatophytosis is a late complication in SOT recipients presenting with lower limb nodules, which might be prevented by prompt treatment of superficial dermatophytosis.
Dermoscopic analysis of the skin of healthy warmblood horses: a descriptive study of 34 cases in Italy
Authors: Legnani Sara , Zini Eric , Roccabianca Paola , Funiciello Beatrice , Zanna Giordana 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundDermoscopy is a diagnostic tool that has been introduced into small animal dermatology for the evaluation of hair and the skin surface. To the best of the authors' knowledge, the use of this technique on horses and the dermoscopic appearance of equine hair and skin have yet to be reported.Hypothesis/objectivesTo assess the feasibility of dermoscopy, and to describe hair and skin surface features of healthy warmblood horses.AnimalsThirty four client‐owned, healthy adult horses.MethodsSix body regions (head, neck, dorsal thorax, ventral thorax, croup and mane) were examined with a smartphone‐attached, hand‐held polarized light dermoscope at 20‐fold magnification. Smartphone‐collected images were evaluated to determine the overall hair density, large and thin primary hair densities and diameters, and skin surface characteristics. Software was used to measure large and thin primary hair shaft thickness. Comparisons between body regions, breeds and sexes were made.ResultsDermoscopic examination of the equine skin surface was feasible and easy to perform. At 20‐fold magnification thick, straight hair shafts emerging from single follicular openings were observed. In between these, thinner straight hair shafts were present in all evaluated regions. Hair shafts of the head and the mane were significantly thicker but less dense compared to other regions. Skin pigmentation and variable perifollicular discolouration were present.ConclusionsDermoscopy may represent a valuable technique for the dermatological examination of the equine patient.