bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Diffusion Metrics Obtained at 1.5T and 3T in Human Brain With Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging
Authors: Shaw Calvin B. , Jensen Jens H. , Deardorff Rachael L. , Spampinato Maria Vittoria , Helpern Joseph A. 
Published: July 2016

PurposeTo quantitatively compare diffusion metrics for human brain estimated with diffusional kurtosis imaging (DKI) at applied field strengths of 1.5 and 3T.Materials and MethodsDKI data for brain were acquired at both 1.5 and 3T from each of six healthy volunteers using a twice‐refocused diffusion‐weighted imaging sequence. From these data, parametric maps of mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (D‖), radial diffusivity (D⊥), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusional kurtosis (MK), axial kurtosis (K‖), radial kurtosis (K⊥), and kurtosis fractional anisotropy (KFA) were estimated. Comparisons of the results from the two field strengths were made for each metric using both Bland–Altman plots and linear regression to calculate coefficients of determination (R2) and best fit lines.ResultsDiffusion metrics measured at 1.5 and 3T were observed to be similar. Linear regression of the full datasets had coefficients of determination varying from a low of R2 = 0.86 for KFA to a high of R2 = 0.97 for FA. The slopes of the 3T vs. 1.5T best linear fits varied from 0.881 ± 0.009 for KFA to 1.038 ± 0.010 for D‖. From a Bland–Altman analysis of selected regions of interest, the mean differences of the metrics for the two field strengths were all found to be less than 6%, except for KFA, which showed the largest relative discrepancy of 10%.ConclusionDiffusion metrics measured with DKI at 1.5 and 3T are strongly correlated and typically differ by only a few percent. The somewhat higher discrepancy for the KFA is argued to mainly reflect the effects of signal noise. This supports the robustness DKI results with respect to field strength.Level of Evidence: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:673–680.
Deficit irrigation reduces postharvest rib pinking in wholehead Iceberg lettuce, but at the expense of head fresh weight
Authors: Monaghan James M , Vickers Laura H , Grove Ivan G , Beacham Andrew M 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPostharvest pinking is a serious issue affecting lettuce quality. Previous studies suggested the possibility of using deficit irrigation to control discolouration; however, this approach may also affect yield. This study investigated the effect of varying irrigation deficits on iceberg lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to determine the relationship between irrigation deficit, pinking and fresh weight.RESULTSThe deficit imposed and head fresh weight obtained depended on both the duration and timing of withholding irrigation. Withholding irrigation for a period of 2 or 3 weeks in the middle or end of the growth period significantly reduced rib pinking compared to well‐watered controls. Withholding irrigation for 2 weeks at the start of the growth period or 1 week at the end did not significantly reduce pinking. Withholding irrigation also reduced head fresh weight such that minimising pinking would be predicted to incur a loss of 40% relative to well‐watered controls. However, smaller benefits to pinking reduction were achieved with less effect on head fresh weight.CONCLUSIONDeficit irrigation could be used to provide smaller but higher quality heads which are less likely to be rejected. The balance of these factors will determine the degree of adoption of this approach to growers. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury, PTSD, and Psychosocial Functioning Among Male and Female U.S. OEF/OIF Veterans
Authors: Jackson Colleen E. , Green Jonathan D. , Bovin Michelle J. , Vasterling Jennifer J. , Holowka Darren W. , Ranganathan Gayatri , Rosen Raymond C. , Keane Terence M. , Marx Brian P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study examined the unique and combined relationship between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) with psychosocial functioning in a cohort of 1,312 U.S. male and female veterans of Operations Enduring Freedom (OEF) and Iraqi Freedom (OIF) enrolled in the Veterans After‐Discharge Longitudinal Registry (Project VALOR). We assessed mTBI with structured screening questions reflective of current TBI classification standards and PTSD via the SCID‐IV PTSD module; all other variables were assessed by self‐report questionnaires. We identified significant diagnostic group differences in psychosocial functioning for both sexes. Individuals with PTSD, with or without a history of mTBI, reported significantly worse psychosocial functioning than individuals with mTBI alone or neither mTBI nor PTSD (males, η2p = .11, p < .001; females, η2p = .14, p < .001), even after adjusting for demographics and severity of chronic pain. The results suggested that veterans experiencing PTSD, regardless of whether they had a history of mTBI, were at increased risk for long‐term psychosocial impairment. Further research examining possible benefits from improved access to resources and treatment to address these needs would be valuable.
Influence of demography and environment on persistence in toad populations
Authors: Lambert Brad A. , Schorr Robert A. , Schneider Scott C. , Muths Erin 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTEffective conservation of rare species requires an understanding of how potential threats affect population dynamics. Unfortunately, information about population demographics prior to threats (i.e., baseline data) is lacking for many species. Perturbations, caused by climate change, disease, or other stressors can lead to population declines and heightened conservation concerns. Boreal toads (Anaxyrus boreas boreas) have undergone rangewide declines due mostly to the amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), with only a few sizable populations remaining in the southern Rocky Mountains, USA, that are disease‐free. Despite the apparent region‐wide occurrence of Bd, our focal populations in central Colorado were disease free over a 14‐year capture‐mark‐recapture study until the recent discovery of Bd at one of the sites. We used recapture data and the Pradel reverse‐time model to assess the influence of environmental and site‐specific conditions on survival and recruitment. We then forecast changes in the toad populations with 2 growth models; one using an average lambda value to initiate the projection, and one using the most recent value to capture potential effects of the incursion of disease into the system. Adult survival was consistently high at the 3 sites, whereas recruitment was more variable and markedly low at 1 site. We found that active season moisture, active season length, and breeding shallows were important factors in estimating recruitment. Population growth models indicated a slight increase at 1 site but decreasing trends at the 2 other sites, possibly influenced by low recruitment. Insight into declining species management can be gained from information on survival and recruitment and how site‐specific environmental factors influence these demographic parameters. Our data are particularly useful because they provide baseline data on demographics in populations before a disease outbreak and enhance our ability to detect changes in population parameters potentially caused by the disease. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Effects of haying on breeding birds in CRP grasslands
Authors: Igl Lawrence D. , Johnson Douglas H. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) is a voluntary program that is available to agricultural producers to help protect environmentally sensitive or highly erodible land. Management disturbances of CRP grasslands generally are not allowed unless authorized to provide relief to livestock producers during severe drought or a similar natural disaster (i.e., emergency haying and grazing) or to improve the quality and performance of the CRP cover (i.e., managed haying and grazing). Although CRP grasslands may not be hayed or grazed during the primary bird‐nesting season, these disturbances may have short‐term (1 yr after disturbance) and long‐term (≥2 yr after disturbance) effects on grassland bird populations. We assessed the effects of haying on 20 grassland bird species in 483 CRP grasslands in 9 counties of 4 states in the northern Great Plains, USA between 1993 and 2008. We compared breeding bird densities (as determined by total‐area counts) in idle and hayed fields to evaluate changes 1, 2, 3, and 4 years after haying. Haying of CRP grasslands had either positive or negative effects on grassland birds, depending on the species, the county, and the number of years after the initial disturbance. Some species (e.g., horned lark [Eremophila alpestris], bobolink [Dolichonyx oryzivorus]) responded positively after haying, and others (e.g., song sparrow [Melospiza melodia]) responded negatively. The responses of some species changed direction as the fields recovered from haying. For example, densities for common yellowthroat (Geothlypis trichas), sedge wren (Cistothorus platensis), and clay‐colored sparrow (Spizella pallida) declined the first year after haying but increased in the subsequent 3 years. Ten species showed treatment × county interactions, indicating that the effects of haying varied geographically. This long‐term evaluation on the effects of haying on breeding birds provides important information on the strength and direction of changes in bird populations following a disturbance. Results from this study can help guide management of CRP and other grasslands and inform future agricultural programs that address biomass energy production. © 2016 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Resource selection by cougars: Influence of behavioral state and season
Authors: Blake Linsey W. , Gese Eric M. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAn understanding of how a predator uses the landscape can assist in developing management plans. We modeled resource selection by cougars (Puma concolor) during 2 behavioral states (moving and killing) and 2 seasons (summer and winter) with respect to landscape characteristics using locations from global positioning system (GPS)‐collared cougars in the Pryor Mountains, Montana and Wyoming, USA. Furthermore, we examined predation‐specific resource selection at 2 scales (fine and coarse). When possible, we backtracked from cache sites to kill sites and used a fine‐scale analysis to examine landscape characteristics of confirmed kills. At this fine scale, kill sites had less horizontal visibility, were more likely to be in juniper (Juniperus spp.)‐mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus ledifolius), and were less likely to be in grassland vegetation. For the coarse‐scale analysis of predation risk, we used the entire dataset of kills by buffering each cache site by 94.9 m, which was the 95% upper cut‐off point of the known distances dragged from kill sites to cache sites, thereby creating buffered cache sites that had a high probability of containing the kill site. We modeled seasonal cougar predation site selection by constructing resource selection functions for these buffered cache sites. The top model for summer predation risk consisted of vegetation class, distance to water, and slope. The top model for winter predation risk included vegetation class and elevation. These predation risk models were similar to but simpler than the resource selection models developed from the moving locations. Essentially, the behavioral state (i.e., killing vs. moving) of the cougar had little influence on resource selection, indicating that cougars are generally in hunting mode while moving through their landscape. To potentially reduce cougar predation on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) and bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in our study area, managers can intersect the cougar predation‐risk resource selection functions with deer and sheep habitat to guide habitat modification efforts aimed at increasing horizontal visibility in risky vegetation classes. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Inhibition of SGLT2 alleviates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing high glucose‐induced oxidative stress in type 1 diabetic mice
Authors: Hatanaka Takashi , Ogawa Daisuke , Tachibana Hiromi , Eguchi Jun , Inoue Tatsuyuki , Yamada Hiroshi , Takei Kohji , Makino Hirofumi , Wada Jun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIt is unclear whether the improvement in diabetic nephropathy by sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors is caused by a direct effect on SGLT2 or by the improvement in hyperglycemia. Here, we investigated the effect of dapagliflozin on early‐stage diabetic nephropathy using a mouse model of type 1 diabetes and murine proximal tubular epithelial cells. Eight‐week‐old Akita mice were treated with dapagliflozin or insulin for 12 weeks. Body weight, urinary albumin excretion, blood pressure, as well as levels of blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c were measured. Expansion of the mesangial matrix, interstitial fibrosis, and macrophage infiltration in kidneys were evaluated by histology. Oxidative stress and apoptosis were evaluated in kidneys and cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells. Compared with nontreated mice, dapagliflozin and insulin decreased blood glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels equally. Urine volume and water intake increased significantly in the dapagliflozin‐treated group compared with those in the insulin‐treated group, but there were no differences in body weight or blood pressure between the two groups. Macrophage infiltration and fibrosis in renal interstitium improved significantly in the dapagliflozin group compared with the insulin group. Oxidative stress was attenuated by dapagliflozin, and suppression occurred in a dose‐dependent manner. RNAi knockdown of SGLT2 resulted in reduced oxidative stress. Dapagliflozin ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress in a manner independent of hyperglycemia improvement in Akita mice. Our findings suggest that dapagliflozin may be a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
An image‐guided automated robot for MRI breast biopsy
Authors: Chan Kathryn G. , Fielding Tim , Anvari Mehran 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe IGAR (Image‐guided Automated Robot) is a robotic platform capable of performing highly accurate clinical interventions under image guidance. The IGAR is unique in that it demonstrates MRI compatibility and maintains safe operation, adequate shielding, high image quality, and accurate robotic control even while in an imaging environment. The IGAR is initially intended for breast biopsy.MethodsTests for projectile hazards, heating, signal‐to‐noise ratio loss, and geometric distortion were used to demonstrate MR compatibility. Accuracy and repeatability of the robotic system were tested on benchtop models to establish a baseline of precision.ResultsThe IGAR averaged an accuracy of 0.34 mm and a repeatability of 0.2 mm. There was no significant distortion attributable to the robot, no projectile risk, and no unacceptable levels of heating.ConclusionThe IGAR system is safe and effective in an MRI environment Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of HCV genotype on treatment regimens and drug resistance: a snapshot in time
Authors: Cuypers Lize , Ceccherini‐Silberstein Francesca , Van Laethem Kristel , Li Guangdi , Vandamme Anne‐Mieke , Rockstroh Jürgen Kurt 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe introduction of highly potent direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) has revolutionized hepatitis C virus treatment. Nevertheless, viral eradication worldwide remains a challenge also in the era of DAA treatment, because of the high associated costs, high numbers of undiagnosed patients, high re‐infection rates in some risk groups and suboptimal drug efficacies associated with host and viral factors as well as advanced stages of liver disease. A correct determination of the HCV genotype allows administration of the most appropriate antiviral regimen. Additionally, HCV genetic sequencing improves our understanding of resistance‐associated variants, either naturally occurring before treatment, acquired by transmission at HCV infection, or emerging after virological failure. Because treatment response rates, and the prevalence and development of drug resistance variants differ for each DAA regimen and HCV genotype, this review summarizes treatment opportunities per HCV genotype, and focuses on viral genetic sequencing to guide clinical decision making. Although approval of the first pan‐genotypic DAA‐only regimen is expected soon, HCV genetic sequencing will remain important because when DAA therapies fail, genotyping and resistance testing to select a new active DAA combination will be essential. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
2, 2′‐Dihydroxybenzophenones and Derivatives. Efficient Synthesis and Structure Endoscopy by DFT and NMR. Credentials as Potent Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Tzeli Demeter , Kozielewicz Pawel , Zervou Maria , Potamitis Constantinos , Kokkotou Katerina , Rak Benedikt , Petrou Anthi , Tsolaki Evangelia , Gavalas Antonios , Geronikaki Athina , Petsalakis Ioannis D. , Tsoungas Petros G. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract2,2’‐dihydroxybenzophenones and derivatives have been synthesized directly or by oxidation of their incipiently obtained benzylic alcohols by diverse efficient methods. Oxime and N‐acyl hydrazone derivatives have also been prepared. Their structure profile has been scrutinized by DFT/B3LYP‐6‐311++G** methodology, NMR spectroscopy and dihedral angle grid scan analysis. Energetically favorable conformations pointed to (i) an almost coplanar bifurcated 6‐membered H bridge in ketones, (ii) a single 6‐membered H bridge, accompanied by a 7‐membered H bonding interaction in oximes and (iii) a single 6‐membered H‐bridge in hydrazones. In the latter case, a stable conformation with an additional 9‐membered pseudo ring was also found. Highly deshielded protons in the NMR spectra are in accordance with the theoretically obtained findings on the H‐bonded conformers. Significant anti‐inflammatory activity of the compounds has been found by in vivo tests with their oxime and hydrazone derivatives showing the highest activity, hydrazone 11, in partucular, competing with marketed drugs. In silico docking studies point to the perspective potency of these structures as COX‐1/COX‐2 inhibitors.
Selenium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation of 2‐Aminobenzimidazole with Alcohols to 2‐Benzimidazolecarbamates
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Dong Shuxiang , Wang Yan , Niu Xueli , Li Zhengwei , Zhang Guisheng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA facile, efficient and economic approach with high atom economy to 2‐benzimidazolecarbamates was reported. With cheap and easily available selenium as the catalyst, triethylamine as the cocatalyst, carbon monoxide as the carbonylation agent, the selenium‐catalyzed carbonylation reaction of 2‐aminobenzimidazole proceeded smoothly in one‐pot manner with a series of cheap and commercially available alcohols especially the less hindered alcohols in the presence of oxygen, affording the desired 2‐benzimidazolecarbamates mostly in moderate to good yields.
PMHS‐Containing Semi‐Penetrating Networks as Multifunctional Hydrosilanes for Highly Efficient Palladium‐Catalyzed Conjugate Reduction of Enones
Authors: Dong Xiao‐Yun , Lin Yan , Cui Yu‐Ming , Yang Ke‐Fang , Zheng Zhan‐Jiang , Xu Li‐Wen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS)–containing organosilicon materials (PMHS‐SIPNs) was proved to be a useful reducing agent and palladium support in the conjugate reductions of various α,β–unsaturated ketones, providing a direct and effective route to a variety of substituted ketones. In addition, the PMHS‐SIPNs–derived palladium catalyst was shown to be recyclable up to 5 times without any observable decrease in yield and efficiency, and it exhibited low metal leaching under the mild reaction conditions. The resulting heterogeneous palladium catalyst in this reaction featured with easy preparation, facile recovery and reuse, and high selectivity.
Preliminary study of the effects of orengedokuto on breath alcohol concentration
Authors: Suzuki Sachie , Ojima Takafumi , Takayama Shin , Nakano Yusuke , Nawa Daisuke , Saito Natsumi , Arita Ryutaro , Kaneko Soichiro , Kamiya Tetsuharu , Mikami Nobuhisa , Kawamura Tsuyoshi , Nakamura Toichiro , Watanabe Hidekazu , Nishikawa Hitoshi , Ikeno Yuka , Tanaka Junichi , Ohsawa Minoru , Kikuchi Akiko , Numata Takehiro , Kuroda Hitoshi , Abe Michiaki , Ishii Tadashi 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAimOrengedokuto (coptis detoxification decoction) is a medicinal extract widely used in Japan for the alleviation of symptoms of alcohol hangover and flush reaction. There have been no studies, however, on the effects of this medication on the concentration of alcohol in humans. The aim of this preliminary experiment was therefore to determine the effects of orengedokuto given before alcohol consumption, on breath alcohol concentration.MethodsThree healthy adults participated in the experiment. Breath alcohol concentration was measured with a breathalyzer at multiple intervals under two conditions: one with only the alcoholic beverage and one with orengedokuto extract (Matsuura orengedokuto fine powdered extract, 1.45 g) followed by an alcoholic beverage.ResultsThere was a lower peak and a faster decrease in breath alcohol concentration when the extract was given prior to alcohol consumption, suggesting that the extract accelerated the metabolism and/or inhibited the absorption of alcohol.ConclusionsThis preliminary study was limited by small sample size and lack of blood sampling. Additional trials using a cross‐over design with a larger sample size to further investigate the effects of orengedokuto on blood ethanol and acetaldehyde levels after consumption of alcohol, are currently in progress.
Effect of amoxicillin exposure on brain, gill, liver, and kidney of common carp (Cyprinus carpio): The role of amoxicilloic acid
Authors: Elizalde‐Velázquez Armando , Martínez‐Rodríguez Héctor , Galar‐Martínez Marcela , Dublán‐García Octavio , Islas‐Flores Hariz , Rodríguez‐Flores Juana , Castañeda‐Peñalvo Gregorio , Lizcano‐Sanz Isabel , Gómez‐Oliván Leobardo Manuel 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAmoxicillin (AMX) is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics around the world due to its broad‐spectrum activity against different bacterial strains as well as its use as a growth promoter in animal husbandry. Although residues of this antibacterial agent have been found in water bodies in diverse countries, there is not enough information on its potential toxicity to aquatic organisms such as the common carp Cyprinus carpio. This study aimed to evaluate AMX‐induced oxidative stress in brain, gill, liver and kidney of C. carpio. Carp were exposed to three different concentrations of AMX (10 ng/L, 10 μg/L, 10 mg/L) for 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and the following biomarkers were evaluated: lipid peroxidation (LPX), hydroperoxide content (HPC), protein carbonyl content (PCC) and activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Amoxicillin and its main degradation product amoxicilloic acid (AMA) were determined by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrochemical detection and UV detection (HPLC‐EC‐UV). Significant increases in LPX, HPC, and PCC (P < 0.05) were found in all study organs, particularly kidney, as well as significant changes in antioxidant enzymes activity. Amoxicilloic acid in water is concluded to induce oxidative stress in C. carpio, this damage being highest in kidney. The biomarkers used are effective for the assessment of the environmental impact of this agent on aquatic species. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1102–1120, 2017.