bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selection of oncoplastic surgical technique in Asian breast cancer patients
Authors: Shin Eui Sun , Kim Hyo In , Song Seung Yong , Lew Dae Hyun , Lee Dong Won 
Published: October 2017

Background Oncoplastic surgery is being increasingly performed in Korean women; however, unlike Westerners, Korean women usually have small to moderate-sized breasts. To achieve better outcomes in reconstructed breasts, several factors should be considered to determine the optimal surgical method.
Methods A total of 108 patients who underwent oncoplastic surgery from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively investigated. We used various methods, including glandular tissue reshaping, latissimus dorsi (LD) flap transposition, and reduction oncoplasty, to restore the breast volume and symmetry.
Results The mean weight of the tumor specimens was 40.46 g, and the ratio of the tumor specimen weight to breast volume was 0.12 g/mL in the patients who underwent glandular tissue reshaping (n=59). The corresponding values were 101.47 g and 0.14 g/mL, respectively, in the patients who underwent reduction oncoplasty (n=17), and 82.54 g and 0.20 g/mL, respectively, in those treated with an LD flap (n=32). Glandular tissue reshaping was mostly performed in the upper outer quadrant, and LD flap transposition was mostly performed in the lower inner quadrant. No major complications were noted. Most patients were satisfied with the aesthetic results.
Conclusions We report satisfactory outcomes of oncoplastic surgical procedures in Korean patients. The results regarding specimen weight and the tumor-to-breast ratio of Asian patients will be a helpful reference point for determining the most appropriate oncoplastic surgical technique.
Retromandibular reduction of medially dislocated condylar process fractures
Authors: Lee Gyu Hyeong , Kang Dong Hee , Oh Sang Ah 
Published: October 2017

Background Condylar process fractures account for one-third of all mandibular fractures, and the distal fragment is prone to dislocate to the medial side due to the pulling of the lateral pterygoid muscle. Retromandibular approaches are commonly used, but the intraoperative view becomes limited in medially dislocated fractures. This study summarized a series of cases of retromandibular reduction for medially dislocated condylar process fractures and described our supplementary procedure to realign the dislocated condylar process.
Methods Nine patients with medially dislocated condylar process fractures underwent surgical correction from January 2012 to December 2016. In 6 of them, it was possible to realign the fractures with a conventional retromandibular approach, but for 3 cases of severe dislocation to the middle cranial fossa, a supplementary transoral procedure was carried out. The angle difference between the ramus and condyle, ramus height, and maximal mouth opening (MMO) were evaluated.
Results All 9 cases were restored to the proper anatomical alignment without any major complications, and postoperative images revealed successful union. The angle difference was 8.94°±4.11° preoperatively, and 0.99±0.49° at the 6-month follow-up. The pretreatment ramus height difference was 6.12±6.09 mm, and the postoperative difference was 0.18±0.10 mm. These changes after surgery were statistically significant. The MMO before surgery was 11.44±3.0 mm, and the postoperative MMO was 37.2±2.9 mm, reflecting a significant increase after reduction.
Conclusions Retromandibular reduction is a useful method in medially dislocated condylar process fractures, and additional transoral assistance should be considered to realign condylar processes that severely dislocate to the middle cranial fossa.
Autogenous fat grafting for mild-to-moderate postoperative temporal hollowing after decompressive craniectomy: One-year follow-up
Authors: Choi Jaemin , Choi Hyungon , Shin Donghyeok , Kim Jeenam , Lee Myungchul , Kim Soonheum , Jo Dongin , Kim Cheolkeun 
Published: October 2017

Background Temporal hollowing is inevitable after decompressive craniectomy. This complication affects self-perception and quality of life, and various techniques and materials have therefore been used to restore patients’ confidence. Autologous fat grafting in postoperative scar tissue has been considered challenging because of the hostile tissue environment. However, in this study, we demonstrate that autologous fat grafting can be a simple and safe treatment of choice, even for postoperative depressed temporal scar tissue.
Methods Autologous fat grafting was performed in 13 patients from 2011 to 2016. Fat was harvested according to Coleman’s strategy, using a tumescent technique. Patient-reported outcomes were collected preoperatively and at 1-month and 1-year follow-ups. Photographs were taken at each visit.
Results The thighs were the donor site in all cases for the first procedure. The median final volume of harvested fat was 29.4 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 24.0–32.8 mL). The median final volume of fat transferred into the temporal area was 4.9 mL on the right side (IQR, 2.5–7.1 mL) and 4.6 mL on the left side (IQR, 3.7–5.9 mL). There were no major complications. The patient-reported outcomes showed significantly improved self-perceptions at 1 month and at 1 year.
Conclusions Despite concerns about the survival of grafted fat in scar tissue, we advise autologous fat grafting for patients with temporal hollowing resulting from a previous craniectomy.
Surgical Treatment of Zone 1 Fifth Metatarsal Base Fractures Using the Locking Compression Plate Distal Ulna Hook Plate
Authors: Zhao Jingjing , Yu Bin , Xie Ming , Huang Ruokun , Xiao Kai 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The distal ulna hook plate was recently introduced for the treatment of fifth metatarsal base fractures, but no special articles have reported the surgical results of the plate fixation of displaced or comminuted fifth metatarsal base fractures in zone 1, which are the most common forefoot fractures.

Methods:
Twenty-one patients with Lawrence classification zone 1 fifth metatarsal base fractures with extra-articular displacement greater than 2 mm (n = 13) and intra-articular displacement fractures (n = 8) were included in the study. Patients were treated with the distal ulna hook plate. Patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically, and the functional outcomes were graded using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot scoring system. Time to union and return to pre-injury levels of activity were calculated.

Results:
Mean American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society midfoot scores were 42.25 points (range, 27–55 points) preoperatively and 93.16 points (range, 87–100 points) 1 year postoperatively. Mean time to complete union was 61.9 days (range, 52–85 days). Nineteen patients reported returning to previous activities of daily living at a mean of 79.8 days (range, 59–91 days). Two patients showed radiographic signs of mild degenerative changes and noted mild pain, and one patient experienced hardware irritation.

Conclusions:
The distal ulna hook plate might be considered an effective surgical method for zone 1 displaced fifth metatarsal base fractures or multifragmentary, osteoporotic fifth metatarsal base fractures.
Point-of-Care Diagnosis of Onychomycosis by Dermoscopy
Authors: Bodman Myron A. 
Published: October 2017

Background:Onychomycosis is one of the most common diseases of the toenails. The costs of diagnosis and treatment are substantial, and as the population ages, the overall cost burden will continue to escalate. The purpose of this study was to correlate dermoscopic features with pathologic diagnosis to support the accuracy of point-of-care diagnosis by dermoscopic examination.Methods:Nail unit pathology reports of 52 patients with abnormal great toenails were compared with the dermoscopic features detected by nail unit dermoscopy.Results:The dermoscopic analysis predicted the laboratory diagnosis in 90.4% of the study patients. The specific dermoscopic findings of short spikes (P &lt; .001), long striae (P &lt; .001), aurora borealis (P &lt; .001), irregular termination (P = .003), dermatophytoma (P = .011), transverse onycholysis (P = .018), and dry scale (P = .04) patterns were all significantly associated with pathology test results consistent with oncyhomycosis. Transverse onycholysis (P = .018) was significantly associated with negative pathology results consistent with the diagnosis of nail dystrophy.Conclusions:Point-of-care examination by dermoscopy positively correlates with histopathologic tests and could be used to diagnose onychomycosis while reducing diagnostic costs.
Novel mesostructured inclusions in the epidermal lining of Artemia franciscana ovisacs show optical activity
Authors: Hollergschwandtner Elena , Schwaha Thomas , Neumüller Josef , Kaindl Ulrich , Gruber Daniela , Eckhard Margret , Stöger-Pollach Michael , Reipert Siegfried 
Published: October 2017

Background
Biomineralization, e.g., in sea urchins or mollusks, includes the assembly of mesoscopic superstructures from inorganic crystalline components and biopolymers. The resulting mesocrystals inspire biophysicists and material scientists alike, because of their extraordinary physical properties. Current efforts to replicate mesocrystal synthesis in vitro require understanding the principles of their self-assembly in vivo. One question, not addressed so far, is whether intracellular crystals of proteins can assemble with biopolymers into functional mesocrystal-like structures. During our electron microscopy studies into Artemia franciscana (Crustacea: Branchiopoda), we found initial evidence of such proteinaceous mesostructures.

Results
EM preparations with high-pressure freezing and accelerated freeze substitution revealed an extraordinary intracellular source of mesostructured inclusions in both the cyto-and nucleoplasm of the epidermal lining of ovisacs of A. franciscana. Confocal reflection microscopy not only confirmed our finding; it also revealed reflective, light dispersing activity of these flake-like structures, their positioning and orientation with respect to the ovisac inside. Both the striation of alternating electron dense and electron-lucent components and the sharp edges of the flakes indicate self-assembly of material of yet unknown origin under supposed participation of crystallization. However, selected area electron diffraction could not verify the status of crystallization. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis measured a marked increase in nitrogen within the flake-like inclusion, and the almost complete absence of elements that are typically involved in inorganic crystallization. This rise in nitrogen could possibility be related to higher package density of proteins, achieved by mesostructure assembly.

Conclusions
The ovisac lining of A. franciscana is endowed with numerous mesostructured inclusions that have not been previously reported. We hypothesize that their self-assembly was from proteinaceous polycrystalline units and carbohydrates. These mesostructured flakes displayed active optical properties, as an umbrella-like, reflective cover of the ovisac, which suggests a functional role in the reproduction of A. franciscana. In turn, studies into ovisac mesostructured inclusions could help to optimizing rearing Artemia as feed for fish farming. We propose Artemia ovisacs as an in vivo model system for studying mesostructure formation.
Molecular phylogeny and evolutionary history ofMoricandiaDC (Brassicaceae)
Authors: Perfectti Francisco , Gómez José M. , González-Megías Adela , Abdelaziz Mohamed , Lorite Juan 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe phylogeny of tribe Brassiceae (Brassicaceae) has not yet been resolved because of its complex evolutionary history. This tribe comprises economically relevant species, including the genusMoricandiaDC. This genus is currently distributed in North Africa, Middle East, Central Asia and Southern Europe, where it is associated with arid and semi-arid environments. Although some species ofMoricandiahave been used in several phylogenetic studies, the phylogeny of this genus is not well established.MethodsHere we present a phylogenetic analysis of the genusMoricandiausing a nuclear (the internal transcribed spacers of the ribosomal DNA) and two plastidial regions (parts of the NADH dehydrogenase subunit F gene and thetrnT-trnF region). We also included in the analyses members of their sister genusRytidocarpusand from the close genusEruca.ResultsThe phylogenetic analyses showed a clear and robust phylogeny of the genusMoricandia. The Bayesian inference tree was concordant with the maximum likelihood and timing trees, with the plastidial and nuclear trees showing only minor discrepancies. The genusMoricandiaappears to be formed by two main lineages: the Iberian clade including three species, and the African clade including the four species inhabiting the Southern Mediterranean regions plusM. arvensis.DiscussionWe dated the main evolutionary events of this genus, showing that the origin of the Iberian clade probably occurred after a range expansion during the Messinian period, between 7.25 and 5.33 Ma. In that period, an extensive African-Iberian floral and faunal interchange occurred due to the existence of land bridges between Africa and Europa in what is, at present-days, the Strait of Gibraltar. We have demonstrated that a Spanish population previously ascribed toRytidocarpus moricandioidesis indeed aMoricandiaspecies, and we propose to name it asM. rytidocarpoidessp. nov. In addition, in all the phylogenetic analyses,M. foleyiappeared outside theMoricandialineage but within the genusEruca. Therefore,M. foleyishould be excluded from the genusMoricandiaand be ascribed, at least provisionally, to the genusEruca.
Missing School Days Following Sport-Related Concussion in High School Athletes
Authors: Covassin Tracey , Pollard-McGrandy Alyssa M. , Klein Lilian A. , Wiebe Douglas J. , Bretzin Abigail C. 
Published: October 2024

ImportanceSport-related concussions (SRC) can significantly impact students’ attendance and academic performance, highlighting the importance of gradual return-to-learn protocols for recovery. Understanding the association between missed school days and recovery, especially across genders, is vital for effective concussion management in high school athletes.ObjectivesTo describe missed school days in high school athletes with SRC and to determine associations between missed school days and authorized clearance to return to competition; secondarily, to determine whether school days missed differed by gender.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsCohort study among student athletes participating in athletics sponsored by the Michigan High School Athletic Association (MHSAA) during academic years 2015 to 2023. SRC was a participant eligibility criterion and was defined as a head injury during participation in a MHSAA-sanctioned event. Data were analyzed from August 2015 to June 2023.ExposuresPrimary exposure was missed school days; additional exposures included gender, year of season, concussion history, event type, sport level, contact level, and athletic trainer involvement.Main Outcome and MeasureThe primary outcome was time to full unrestricted clearance following SRC.ResultsThe analysis included a total of 20 934 individuals with SRC (13 869 boys [66.25%]). Gender (χ23 = 167.40; P &amp;lt; .001), season (χ221 = 57.41; P &amp;lt; .001), event type (χ23 = 99.29; P &amp;lt; .001), sport level (χ29 = 68.15; P &amp;lt; .001), contact level (χ26 = 56.73; P &amp;lt; .001), and initial evaluation (χ23 = 147.13; P &amp;lt; .001) were independently associated with missed school days. Athletes took a median (IQR) of 11 (7-16) days to return to full unrestricted clearance. Relative to no missed school days, there was a significant mean increase of 57% (incidence rate ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.52-1.62) in time to full unrestricted clearance for 3 or more missed school days. The estimated mean days to return to sport were 12.15 (95% CI, 12.00-12.30) for 0 missed school days, 12.68 (95% CI, 12.39-12.96) for 1 missed school day, 15.47 (95% CI, 15.06-15.87) for 2 missed school days, and 19.08 (95% CI, 18.55-19.62) for 3 or more missed school days.Conclusions and RelevanceThis cohort study found that high school athletes typically missed 2 or fewer school days after SRC, suggesting that concussion management teams adhered to current recommendations of 24 to 48 hours of initial rest. The dose association, with more missed school days associated with slower return to play, suggests athletes’ missing more school days (eg, ≥3) may be associated with severity of concussion and warrant additional support to return to school and/or sport.
Adaptive Fuzzy Finite‐Time Command Filtered Control for Stochastic Nonlinear Systems With Unmodeled Dynamics and Dead‐Zone Constraints
Authors: Kang Shijia , Liu Peter Xiaoping , Wang Huanqing 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, the issue of adaptive fuzzy finite‐time command filtered control is discussed for nonlinear stochastic systems subject to unknown dead‐zone constraints and unmodeled dynamics. The packaged unknown nonlinearities are approximated by introducing fuzzy logic systems. An improved technique is introduced to cope with unknown functions with the structure of nonstrict‐feedback in the operation of controller design. Under the criterion of finite‐time stability, a novel fast convergent control scheme is developed. Additionally, the effect of filter errors bought by the command filters is diminished via applying corresponding error compensating signals and a measurable dynamic signal is adopted to handle unmodeled dynamics. The improved designed controller not only guarantees all the closed‐loop signals remain finite‐time bounded, but also makes the system output follows the given desirable trajectory under the bounded error. The usefulness of the designed strategy can be verified through the numerical and practical examples.
Breathable and Stretchable Epidermal Electronics for Health Management: Recent Advances and Challenges
Authors: Dong Jiancheng , Hou Jiayu , Peng Yidong , Zhang Yuxi , Liu Haoran , Long Jiayan , Park Steve , Liu Tianxi , Huang Yunpeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdvanced epidermal electronic devices, capable of real‐time monitoring of physical, physiological, and biochemical signals and administering appropriate therapeutics, are revolutionizing personalized healthcare technology. However, conventional portable electronic devices are predominantly constructed from impermeable and rigid materials, which thus leads to the mechanical and biochemical disparities between the devices and human tissues, resulting in skin irritation, tissue damage, compromised signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR), and limited operational lifespans. To address these limitations, a new generation of wearable on‐skin electronics built on stretchable and porous substrates has emerged. These substrates offer significant advantages including breathability, conformability, biocompatibility, and mechanical robustness, thus providing solutions for the aforementioned challenges. However, given their diverse nature and varying application scenarios, the careful selection and engineering of suitable substrates is paramount when developing high‐performance on‐skin electronics tailored to specific applications. This comprehensive review begins with an overview of various stretchable porous substrates, specifically focusing on their fundamental design principles, fabrication processes, and practical applications. Subsequently, a concise comparison of various methods is offered to fabricate epidermal electronics by applying these porous substrates. Following these, the latest advancements and applications of these electronics are highlighted. Finally, the current challenges are summarized and potential future directions in this dynamic field are explored.
Ultrafast Synthesis of MXenes in Minutes via Low‐Temperature Molten Salt Etching
Authors: Wang Yongbin , Zhou Bin , Tang Qi , Yang Yi , Pu Ben , Bai Jia , Xu Jing , Feng Qingguo , Liu Yan , Yang Weiqing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDeveloping green and efficient preparation strategies is a persistent pursuit in the field of 2D transition metal nitrides and/or carbides (MXenes). Traditional etching methods, such as HF‐based or high‐temperature Lewis‐acid‐molten‐salt etching route, require harsher etching conditions and exhibit lower preparation efficiency with limited scalability, severely constraining their commercial production and practical application. Here, an ultrafast low‐temperature molten salt (LTMS) etching method is presented for the large‐scale synthesis of diverse MXenes within minutes by employing NH4HF2 as the etchant. The increased thermal motion and improved diffusion of molten NH4HF2 molecules significantly expedite the etching process of MAX phases, thus achieving the preparation of Ti3C2Tx MXene in just 5 minutes. The universality of the LTMS method renders it a valuable approach for the rapid synthesis of various MXenes, including V4C3Tx, Nb4C3Tx, Mo2TiC2Tx, and Mo2CTx. The LTMS method is easy to scale up and can yield more than 100 g Ti3C2Tx in a single reaction. The obtained LTMS‐MXene exhibits excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors, evidently proving the effectiveness of the LTMS method. This work provides an ultrafast, universal, and scalable LTMS etching method for the large‐scale commercial production of MXenes.
An Energy‐Adjustable, Deformable, and Packable Wireless Charging Fiber Supercapacitor
Authors: Gao Chang , Liu Jiajia , Han Yuxin , Chen Rui , Huang Jiancheng , Gu Yuyang , Zhao Yang , Qu Liangti 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWireless charging energy storage devices eliminate bulky wires of wearable electronics. However, rigid shape and specific charging energy restrict their applications in space‐limited portable electronics. Herein, an all‐carbon fiber supercapacitor is presented that features shape‐adjustable, packable, and energy‐controllable wireless charging functions. With the unique on‐dimensional circuit structure, the maximum energy transfer efficiency from the electrical energy received by the wireless charging unit to the output energy of the fiber supercapacitor can reach up to ≈60.8%, and meanwhile this integrated fiber device exhibits an outstanding area capacity of 803 mF cm−2 and energy density of 1004 µWh cm−2, superior to most of the fiber supercapacitors. Moreover, this unique device can endure significant deformation in shape of circles ranging from 2 to 20 cm diameter, and can be packed into narrow spaces, such as smart bracelet and disk‐shaped pet global positioning system (GPS). By altering the device shape, the wireless charging current, voltage, and power can be adjusted in the range of 0.5–20 mA, 1.4–15.5 V, and 0.003–313 mW, accommodating the energy requirements for nearly all existing micro‐electronics. This work offers unprecedented opportunities for packable, space‐confined and energy harvesting controllable wearable electronics.
Recent Advances in the Electrochemical Functionalization of Imidazoheterocycles
Authors: Li Sifeng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImidazoheterocycles have extensive applications in the pharmaceutical industry and agrochemicals. A comprehensive overview has been provided on the current advancements in the electrochemical functionalization of imidazo‐fused heterocycles, which have been classified into ten different types of reactions. Electrochemical synthesis has emerged as a highly effective method for producing organic molecules, especially in the context of sustainable development. Employing electrons as the traceless oxidant, several C−H functionalization reactions of imidazo‐fused heterocycles have been achieved at either the C3 or C5 positions. Electrons may serve as the reducing agent to synthesize pyridine rings that are either partially or fully saturated in imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines. The purpose of the review is to attract the interest of the scientific community and promote additional research on the functionalization of imidazoheterocycles using electrochemical methods.