bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Stress Associated with the Use of Tyvek® Coveralls in Asbestos Removal Inspection
Authors: Griffith Debra A. , Reddan William , Schmitz William 
Published: July 2017

This two-part study was undertaken to determine if increased heat stress was associated with the use of Tyvek® suits at a given temperature and workload, and the effect of ambient temperature on the level of heat stress experienced within the suit. In the first part of the study the independent variables were: ambient condition (22.2° C and 50% rh vs. 32.2° C and 60% rh) and workload (20% vs. 40% of maximum Vo2). The eight subjects ranged in age from 27 to 63, with equal numbers of men and women. Treadmill walking was used to simulate workload. Each experimental run lasted 45 minutes. In the second part, workload was fixed at 40% of maximum Vo2 and the suits were not worn. All other conditions were the same. Subjects (female, age 32; male, age 32; male, age 63) were chosen from the original eight. Results for the two parts were compared. Wearing the suit increased the heat stress upon an individual. Rectal temperature increased by an average of .17° C, heart rate by 16 bpm, average heat stored by 54 kcals, and average sweat loss by .73 liters/m2. Ambient temperature appeared to have a positive effect on the level of heat stress experienced within the suit. There were confounds, indicating a need for further study. It is recommended that ACGIH guidelines for work-rest ratio determination be followed, providing one adds 6°–11° C to the calculated ambient WBGT before entering the chart. These findings agree with the TLV WBGT Correction factors for clothing provided in the 1991 ACGIH guidelines on heat stress and the findings of Paull and Rosenthal (1987).
Application of Survival Analysis to CTD Risk Assessment
Authors: Park Donghyun 
Published: July 2017

This paper demonstrates the application of survival models to CTD (Cumulative Trauma Disorder) studies. Survival analysis techniques are usually applied to the analysis of prospective epidemiological studies examining related risk factors. However, survival models have never been used in CTD etiology, perhaps due to mathematical complexities imposed on survival analysis techniques and its interpretation. The other reason might be the fact that it has not been considered as serious as other diseases usually studied in epidemiology. However, the conditions and assumptions of survival models fit completely into CTD studies (the existence of concomitant variables, a heterogeneous study population, censored observations etc.). Thus it is inappropriate to analyze CTD problems (specifically etiology and prevention) using typical statistical technique (ANOVA or ordinary regression). In this study, 143 subjects participated from an automobile carpet manufacturing plant which was experiencing a high number of CTD cases (107 cases, 1988–1989) and two groups of potential risk factors were examined. They were mainly categorized into personal and job-related information. This information was collected through survey questionnaires and video-taping. As the first step of analysis, survival, hazard and probability density functions were estimated. The estimated survival function shows that CTD incidence rate remained relatively constant, fluctuating 5–15%, through the first 12 years. Also, univariate associations between survival time and individual risk factors were tested using log rank and Wilcoxen rank test. Finally, the CTD data was fitted to ‘Proportional Hazard Model' (the most generalized survival model with distribution-free baseline hazard function). This model explains 75% (R2=0.75) of CTD data with the following covariates; cycle time per part, number of meals a day, dominant hand, general attitude, hand posture, degree of physical fitness, hobby and job title. The feasibility of the Proportional Hazard Modeling was investigated by test and plot. The test was conducted under the global null hypothesis about the significance of the overall model and t vs. log(-log(S(t))) was plotted to check with the assumption of proportionality. Both results ascertain the feasibility of Proportional Hazard Modeling for CTD studies.
An Infection Control Programme in Primary Schools and the Wider Public Health Impact
Authors: Cleary V , Slaughter R , Heathcock R 
Published: July 2017

Young schoolchildren are recognised as being at particular risk of contracting and transmitting enteric infection. (Finn and Crook, 1998/1999). A collaborative infection control programme was designed, piloted and evaluated in six primary schools in conjunction with the local authority's public protection and education departments and the local health protection team. These pilots helped to inform the programme rolled out to all primary and special needs schools during 2002 to 2003. A baseline sanitation survey was undertaken with the scores used to prioritise schools for infection control audits. High priority schools were audited. Medium and low priority schools were sent self-assessment packs, the results of which were subsequently validated. Risks were communicated to each school at the time of visit with a follow-up written report. All schools received advice and support on infection control, including recommendations for improvements, updated policies and supporting educational materials. Key findings from the programme were lack of adequate facilities for handwashing such as soap, paper towels and hot water; ineffective cleaning programmes and working practices, including awareness of Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) (1999) and waste disposal. Infection control guidelines have been produced for schools, together with an ongoing programme of infection control follow-up audits.
A Review of Postoperative Surgical Site Infection Rates in Hospitalised and Post-Discharge Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Owen E , Madeo M , Davies D , Johnson G , Wadsworth P 
Published: July 2017

In an attempt to reduce infection rates following coronary artery bypass graft surgery, surveillance was introduced that included post-discharge follow-up. Prospective surveillance was conducted over two periods, each of three-month duration. Collated data indicated that using a sample size of 218 patients, 6.4% of infections occurred following discharge from the acute setting. These results had not previously been identified by the surveillance of the rate of surgical site infections occurring in in-patients alone.
Dengue Infection Among Children in the 2001 Dengue Epidemic in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Kabilan L , Balasubramanian S , Sc Tewari , Arunachalam N , Thenmozhi V , Rajendran R , Satyanarayana K 
Published: July 2017

In Chennai city, India, a cross-sectional serological survey of school children for flavivirus activity by haemagglutination inhibition (*HI) test (April and September, 2001) showed in the later survey a rise in the percentage of children with monotypic antibody responses to dengue virus. Entomological surveillance indicated that a higher proportion of houses were infested by Aedes aegypti in the later survey, suggesting a forthcoming dengue outbreak in Chennai. In the last quarter of 2001, the city experienced a dengue outbreak. Our investigations in a referral paediatric hospital have revealed that 75% of the hospitalised children (143/192) with clinical dengue were confirmed serologically as dengue and one-third of them (35%, 50/143) suffered from severe dengue. Infants less than one year of age constituted 20% of total dengue infections. The mortality was very low due to early diagnosis and timely management of the cases. A small proportion (7.8%, 15/192) of the children with typical clinical dengue were negative in serological tests. Our findings suggest that in developing countries, development of basic indicators to foretell dengue outbreaks, building of laboratory capacity for early diagnosis of dengue and ready preparedness for clinical management of the affected in hospitals may reduce dengue-related morbidity and mortality.
Accreditation of Prior Learning (APL)
Authors: Fraser-Holland E Naomi 
Published: July 2017

For some time, and in response to the expressed needs of its members, the British Association of Hand Therapists (BAHT) has offered a programme of post qualification education based on validated courses in Hand Therapy. Successful course attendants are awarded a certificate for each course, together with the appropriate number of BAHT credit points which contribute to the qualification of Accredited Hand Therapist (BAHT). However, many of our leading hand therapists, through years of dedicated service to the management and care of people with disorders of the hand, have already achieved the learning objectives of these courses. The numbers of such highly skilled and experienced therapists is increasing within the UK. It is not appropriate that attendance at BAHT courses should be their sole means of gaining recognition for their undoubted expertise. BAHT is extended its post qualification education programme in order to recognise these highly experienced therapists. It has taken a considerable amount of preparation but a reliable and consistent system for evaluating the expertise of hand therapists has now been developed. The system is known as the BAHT accreditation of prior learning (BAHT APL).
New Resins For Fresh-Cut Produce Packaging
Authors: Wooster Jeffrey J. 
Published: July 2017

Through the use of molecular design, a new AFFINITY* polyolefin plastomer (POP-1) has been designed for use in the packaging of fresh-cut produce items that have high respiration rates. These items cannot be successfully packaged in the same films used for fresh-cut produce items that have lower respiration rates, such as iceberg lettuce. Produce items having high respiration rates include most fruits and many dark green vegetables such as broccoli and spinach. Film made from the new resin combines a high oxygen transmission rate with other necessary performance properties that are normally sacrificed with increasing oxygen transmission rate. Other properties achieved include sufficient modulus for use on vertical form/fill/seal machinery, excellent optics for maximum consumer appeal, easy processing on both extrusion and packaging equipment, and excellent seal performance including low initiation temperatures for both heat seal and hot tack, high hot tack strength and a broad seal window.
Guideline-Based Statin Eligibility, Cancer Events, and Noncardiovascular Mortality in the Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Pursnani Amit , Massaro Joseph M. , D’Agostino Ralph B. , O'Donnell Christopher J. , Hoffmann Udo 
Published: July 2017

Purpose Cancer and cardiovascular disease share risk factors, and there is some evidence that statins reduce cancer mortality. We sought to determine the accuracy of the 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association statin eligibility criteria to identify individuals at a higher risk of developing cancer or of dying as a result of cancer or other noncardiovascular causes. Methods We included 2,196 participants (50.5 ± 8.1 years of age; 55% female) who were statin naïve and free of cancer at baseline from the offspring and third-generation cohorts of the community-based longitudinal Framingham Heart Study. Statin eligibility was determined per American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines, and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis was assessed by computed tomography. The primary outcome was incident cancer at a median of 10.0 years (interquartile range, 9.1-10.6 years) of follow-up, and secondary outcomes were cancer mortality and noncardiovascular mortality. Results The incident cancer rate was 11.2% (247 of 2,196), with 58 noncardiovascular deaths, including 39 cancer deaths (1.8%). Overall, 37% (812 of 2,196) were statin eligible. Incident cancer occurred in 125 (15%) of the 812 statin-eligible participants versus 122 (8.8%) of the 1,384 of noneligible participants (subdistribution hazard ratio [SDHR], 1.8 [1.4 to 2.3]; P < .001). Cancer mortality occurred in 34 (4.2%) of the 812 statin-eligible participants versus five (0.4%) of the 1,384 noneligible participants (SDHR, 12.1 [4.7 to 31]; P < .001). Noncardiovascular mortality occurred in 49 (6.0%) of the 812 statin-eligible participants versus nine (0.7%) of the 1,384 noneligible participants (SDHR, 10.1 [5.0 to 21]; P < .001). In stratified analyses, these findings were independent of any individual causative risk factor such as body mass index, age, or smoking status. Conclusion In this community-based primary prevention cohort, guideline-based statin eligibility accurately identified patients at a higher risk of developing cancer and cancer-related mortality. Shared risk profiles and potential benefits of statins between cancer and cardiovascular outcomes may provide a unique opportunity to improve population health.
Implementation of a Standardized Transfusion Protocol for Cardiac Patients Treated With Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Is Associated With Decreased Blood Component Utilization and May Improve Clinical Outcome
Authors: Cahill Christine M. , Blumberg Neil , Schmidt Amy E. , Knight Peter A. , Melvin Amber L. , Massey Howard T. , Delehanty Joseph M. , Zebrak Seth B. , Refaai Majed A. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation supplies oxygenated blood to the body supporting the heart and lungs. Survival rates of 20% to 50% are reported among patients receiving ECMO for cardiac arrest, severe cardiogenic shock, or failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass following cardiac surgery. Bleeding is one of the most common complications in ECMO patients due to coagulopathy, systemic anticoagulation, and the presence of large bore cannulas at systemic pressure. Absence of a standardized transfusion protocol in this population leads to inconsistent transfusion practices. Here, we assess a newly developed dedicated transfusion protocol in this clinical setting.

METHODS:
Data were retrospectively reviewed for the first 30 consecutive cardiac ECMO patients prior and post implementation of the ECMO transfusion protocol. Diagnoses, laboratory results, blood component utilization, and outcomes were collected and analyzed.

RESULTS:
Comorbidities were similar between the 2 eras, as well as the pre-ECMO ejection fraction (P = .568) and duration on ECMO (P = .278). Transfusion utilization data revealed statistically significant decreases in almost all blood components and a savings in blood component acquisition costs of 51% ($175, 970). In addition, an almost 2-fold increase in survival rate was observed in the post-ECMO transfusion protocol era (63% vs 33%; relative risk = 1.82; 95% confidence interval, 1.07–3.10; P = .028).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our data indicate that implementation of a standardized transfusion protocol, using more restrictive transfusion indications in cardiac ECMO patients, was associated with reduced blood product utilization, decreased complications, and improved survival. This multidepartmental approach facilitates better communication and adherence to consensus clinical decision making between intensive care unit, surgery, and transfusion service and optimizes care of complicated and acutely ill patients.
Patient Survey of Referral From One Surgeon to Another to Reduce Maximum Waiting Time for Elective Surgery and Hours of Overutilized Operating Room Time
Authors: Logvinov Ilana I. , Dexter Franklin , Dexter Elisabeth U. , Brull Sorin J. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUND:
Studies of shared (patient-provider) decision making for elective surgical care have examined both the decision whether to have surgery and patients’ understanding of treatment options. We consider shared decision making applied to case scheduling, since implementation would reduce labor costs.

METHODS:
Study questions were presented in sequence of waiting times, starting with 4 workdays. “Assume the consultant surgeon (ie, the surgeon in charge) you met in clinic did not have time available to do your surgery within the next 4 workdays, but his/her colleague would have had time to do your surgery within the next 4 workdays. Would you have wanted to discuss with a member of the surgical team (eg, the scheduler or the surgeon) the availability of surgery with a different, equally qualified surgeon at Mayo Clinic who had time available within the next 4 workdays, on a date of your choosing?” There were 980 invited patients who underwent lung resection or cholecystectomy between 2011 and 2016; 135 respondents completed the study and 6 respondents dropped out after the study questions were displayed.

RESULTS:
The percentages of patients whose response to the study questions was “4 days” were 58.8% (40/68) among lung resection patients and 58.2% (39/67) among cholecystectomy patients. The 97.5% 2-sided confidence interval for the median maximum wait was 4 days to 4 days. Patients’ choices for the waiting time sufficient to discuss having another surgeon perform the procedure did not differ between procedures (P = .91). Results were insensitive to patients’ sex, age, travel time to hospital, or number of office visits before surgery (all P ≥ .20).

CONCLUSIONS:
Our results indicate that bringing up the option with the patient of changing surgeons when a colleague is available and has the operating room time to perform the procedure sooner is being respectful of most patients’ individual preferences (ie, patient-centered).
Multiscale Modelling of Blast-Induced TBI Mechanobiology - From Body to Neuron to Molecule
Authors: Gupta Raj K. , Tan X. Gary , Somayaji Mahadevabharath R. , Przekwas Andrzej J. 
Published: July 2017

<p>Blast induced Traumatic Brain Injury (bTBI) has become a signature wound of the recent military operations and is becoming a significant factor of recent civilian blast explosion events. In spite of significant clinical and preclinical research on TBI, current understanding of injury mechanisms is limited and little is known about the short and long-term outcomes. Mathematical models of bTBI may provide capabilities to study brain injury mechanisms, perhaps accelerating the development of neuroprotective strategies and aiding in the development of improved personal protective equipment. The paper presents a novel multiscale simulation framework that couples the body/brain scale biomechanics with micro-scale mechanobiology to study the effects of “primary” micro-damage to neuro-axonal structures with the “secondary” injury and repair mechanisms. Our results show that oligodendrocyte myelinating processes distribute strains among neighbor axons and cause their off-axis deformations. Similar effects have been observed at the finer scale for the Tau-Microtubule interaction. The paper also discusses the need for coupled modeling of primary injury biomechanics, secondary injury mechanobiology and model based assessment of injury severity scores. A new integrated computational and experimental approach is described coupling micro-scale injury criteria for the primary micro-mechanical damage to brain tissue/cells as well as to investigate various secondary injury mechanisms. </p>
The nonlinear diffusion equation of the ideal barotropic gas through a porous medium
Authors: Zhan Huashui 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The nonlinear diffusion equation of the ideal barotropic gas through a porous medium is considered. If the diffusion coefficient is degenerate on the boundary, then the solutions may be controlled by the initial value completely, the well-posedness of the solutions may be obtained without any boundary condition.
Extracción, pruebas de estabilidad y análisis químico preliminar de la fracción colorante obtenido a partir del exocarpo del fruto de Renealmia Alpinia
Authors: Noriega Rivera Paco , Coba Santamaría Pablo , Naikiai Joselito , Abad Juan 
Published: July 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Del exocarpo del fruto comestible de la especie </span><span>Renealmia Alpinia, </span><span>proveniente de la Amazonía sur del Ecuador, mediante una extracción alcohólica y posterior evaporación del solvente, se obtuvo una fracción colorante de tonalidad púrpura con un rendimiento del 2,13%.A dicha fracción se la sometió a diversas pruebas para analizar su estabilidad en variadas condiciones como: pH, temperatura y su comportamiento con solventes de diversa polaridad. Para conocer anticipadamente su naturaleza química se efectuaron diversos ensayos entre los que destacamos: su espectro ultravioleta visible, su espectro infrarrojo, la cuanti cación de antocianos totales y sus per les cromatográ cos en HPLC a 520 nanómetros.Adicionalmente, se evaluó la toxicidad de la especie. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Estudios de interacciones entre moléculas antioxidantes y moléculas relacionadas con radicales oxidativos mediante cálculos mecano cuánticos y simulaciones de dinámica molecular
Authors: Soria Salazar Jorge , Aldás Palacios Oswaldo 
Published: July 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="section"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Los flavonoides son reconocidos por su actividad antioxidante; sin embargo, su relación estructura-actividad antioxidante no es muy clara. Mediante cálculos mecano cuánticos se determinaron las estructuras de equilibrio de éstos y de moléculas relacionadas con radicales libres del oxígeno. Los cálculos fueron realizados al nivel de teoría RHF/6-311G utilizando el programa GAMESS. La quercetina, fisetina, y los ácidos caféico y ferúlico presentaron estructuras de equilibrio planas. La genisteína y la floretina presentaron desviaciones de la planaridad de 47,2 </span><span>◦</span><span>C </span><span>y 90,9 </span><span>◦</span><span>C</span><span>. El potencial electrostático molecular (MEP) en el nivel de teoría RHF/6-311G** mostró que en las moléculas planas, la deslocalización electrónica se extiende a largo de toda su estructura. Los MEPs permitieron identificar las regiones favorables para las interacciones, alrededor de los grupos hidroxilo de los anillos A y B. Las simulaciones de dinámica molecular para las interacciones Quercetina-O</span><span>2 </span><span>y Quercetina-H</span><span>2</span><span>O; mostraron que las primeras son débiles, mientras que en las últimas la interacción es mediante enlaces hidrógeno en 4’-OH y 7-OH. El criterio de reactividad basado en las magnitudes de las cargas parciales de los oxígenos de los grupos hidroxilo, sugirió que el sitio más reactivo está ubicado en 4’-OH, lo que concuerda con datos experimentales y de estudios teóricos. En este grupo hidroxilo la distancia promedio del enlace hidrógeno fue 1,76 Å, formando un ángulo de 111,6 </span><span>◦</span><span>C</span><span>. </span></p></div></div></div></div>
Buenas prácticas de ordeño y la calidad higiénica de la leche en el Ecuador
Authors: Bonifaz García Nancy , Requelme Narcisa de Jesús 
Published: July 2017

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Mediante esta investigación se pudo conocer las Buenas Prácticas de Ordeño (BPO) que se desarrollan en las zonas productoras de leche en Ecuador, de manera que se puedan establecer parámetros de mejoramiento de las mismas y prevenir la contaminación de la leche producida y además un control acorde a las condiciones de cada zona. De esta manera, el propósito de la investigación fue determinar la influencia de las buenas prácticas de ordeño en la calidad de la leche según el tamaño de las unidades productivas, en las principales provincias de mayor producción lechera de Ecuador con miras al mejoramiento de las BPO y, por ende, mejor precio de la leche al productor. Así como caracterizar los sistemas tecnológicos de ordeño en diferentes unidades productivas según la superficie, el sistema de producción y áreas agroecológicas de producción lechera. Finalmente observar las implicaciones de las buenas prácticas de ordeño en la calidad de la leche, mediante el análisis microbiológico. </span></p></div></div></div>