bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outer Zone Relativistic Electron Response to Mesoscale Periodic Density Structures in the Solar Wind: Van Allen Probes Measurements
Authors: Kurien Leenamol V. , Kanekal Shrikanth G. , Di Matteo Simone , Greeley Ashley D. , Schiller Quintin , Shumko Mykhaylo , Viall Nicholeen M. , Kepko Emil Lawrence 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate the relativistic and the ultra‐relativistic outer radiation belt electron response to the Periodic Density Structures (PDS) in the solar wind. We have studied four intervals between 0000 UT and 1500 UT during 17 January 2013 interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) sheath event following the passage of an interplanetary shock (IP) on 16 January, at 2240 UT. Earlier studies limited to geosynchronous orbit have shown that PDS induce Ultra‐Low‐Frequency (ULF) oscillations in the magnetosphere and modulate energetic electron intensities. Our study shows for the first time, using pitch angle resolved electron intensity measurements, that PDS modulate relativistic and ultra‐relativistic electron intensities in the heart of the radiation belts (L ≈ 4). We find that the modulation of electron intensities occur at frequencies close to those of interplanetary PDS. Furthermore, electron intensity modulations occur over a wide range of energy (≈200 keV to 4 MeV) and pitch angles (≈20–120°). This event study suggests that relativistic and ultra‐relativistic electron intensity modulations driven by PDS may be largely energy and pitch angle independent.
The Influence of Wind and Waves on Saltwater Intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary: A Numerical Modeling Study
Authors: Tao Zhengjin , Chen Yongping , Pan Shunqi , Chu Ao , Xu Chunyang , Yao Peng , Rowely Samuel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSaltwater intrusion occurs frequently in the Yangtze Estuary during winter, when the river discharges are low along with strong wind and waves. However, the influence of wind and waves on saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary remains unclear. This study uses a coupled wind‐wave‐current numerical model based on Delft3D to investigate the impacts of wind and waves on saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary. The results show that the strong northerly wind alone enhances saltwater intrusion in the estuary by inducing a counterclockwise circulation and reducing the stratification. However, with the combined effect from wind and waves, it is found that stratification is reduced in the outer North Channel, but enhanced in the inner North Channel, which results in an increase of salt transport in the estuary by approximately 40%. The results highlight the fact that saltwater intrusion in the Yangtze Estuary could be significantly underestimated without considering waves.
Bright compact ultrabroadband source by orthogonal laser-sustained plasma
Authors: Shi Zhaojiang , Yang Shichao , Hu He , Lei Haodong , Yang Zhaohua , Yu Xia 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLaser-sustained plasma (LSP) source featuring high brightness and broadband spectral coverage is found to be powerful in various fields of scientific and industrial applications. However, the fundamental limit of low conversion efficiency constrains the system compactness and widespread applications of such broadband light sources. In this paper, we propose an innovative orthogonal LSP to break through the conversion efficiency limitation. Driven by the elevated conversion efficiency from absorbed laser power to ultraviolet (UV) emission, a compact broadband source (250–1650 nm) with UV spectral radiance exceeding 210 $${mW}/({{mm}}^{2}\,\cdot\, {sr}\,\cdot\, {nm})$$

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is achieved with >100 W pump laser. With the plot of a two-dimensional refractive index model, we report an important conceptual advance that the orthogonal design eliminates the influence of the negative lensing effect on laser power density. Experimental results unambiguously demonstrate that we achieve a bright compact UV-VIS-NIR source with negligible thermal loss and the highest conversion efficiency to our knowledge. Significant enhancement of 4 dB contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in spectral single-pixel imaging has been demonstrated using the proposed ultrabroadband source. By establishing the quantitative link between pumping optics design and plasma absorption, this work presents a compact broadband source that combines superior conversion efficiency and unprecedented brightness, which is essential to high-speed inspection and spectroscopy applications.
Enhancing cell death in B-cell malignancies through targeted inhibition of Bcl-3
Authors: Daams Renée , Tran Thi Thu Phuong , Jemaà Mohamed , Sime Wondossen , Mickeviciute Ruta , Ek Sara , Rönnstrand Lars , Kazi Julhash U. , Massoumi Ramin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe t(14;19)(q32;q13) is a rare recurring translocation found in B-cell lymphoproliferative malignancies, involving the Bcl-3 gene. This chromosomal translocation is often found in patients under the age of 50 and causes a more progressive disease. The Bcl-3 gene encodes a protein belonging to the IκB family of proteins, which tightly regulates NFκB signaling by acting as an activator or repressor of transcription. Previously, we developed a second-generation Bcl-3 inhibitor that could directly interfere with Bcl-3 signaling pathway, resulting in reduced melanoma cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a Bcl-3 inhibitor on B-cell lymphoma and leukemia cells. It was found that treatment of cells with this inhibitor caused a decrease in cell proliferation and cell survival. Furthermore, Bcl-3 inhibition in B-cell malignant cells resulted in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and functionality, as well as the increased expression of cleaved caspase 3, indicating that cell death occurs through the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. This observation is further supported by reduced expression of cIAP1 protein 1 (cIAP1) upon treatment of cancer cells. Given the current lack of clinical advancements targeting Bcl-3 in oncology, this opens a novel avenue for the development and investigation of highly specific therapeutic interventions against B-cell malignancies.
Heteroduplex oligonucleotide technology boosts oligonucleotide splice switching activity of morpholino oligomers in a Duchenne muscular dystrophy mouse model
Authors: Hasegawa Juri , Nagata Tetsuya , Ihara Kensuke , Tanihata Jun , Ebihara Satoe , Yoshida-Tanaka Kie , Yanagidaira Mitsugu , Ohara Masahiro , Sasaki Asuka , Nakayama Miyu , Yamamoto Syunsuke , Ishii Takashi , Iwata-Hara Rintaro , Naito Mitsuru , Miyata Kanjiro , Sakaue Fumika , Yokota Takanori 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe approval of splice-switching oligonucleotides with phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers (PMOs) for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) has advanced the field of oligonucleotide therapy. Despite this progress, PMOs encounter challenges such as poor tissue uptake, particularly in the heart, diaphragm, and central nervous system (CNS), thereby affecting patient’s prognosis and quality of life. To address these limitations, we have developed a PMOs-based heteroduplex oligonucleotide (HDO) technology. This innovation involves a lipid-ligand-conjugated complementary strand hybridized with PMOs, significantly enhancing delivery to key tissues in mdx mice, normalizing motor functions, muscle pathology, and serum creatine kinase by restoring internal deleted dystrophin expression. Additionally, PMOs-based HDOs normalized cardiac and CNS abnormalities without adverse effects. Our technology increases serum albumin binding to PMOs and improves blood retention and cellular uptake. Here we show that PMOs-based HDOs address the limitations in oligonucleotide therapy for DMD and offer a promising approach for diseases amenable to exon-skipping therapy.
Bacterial aggregation triggered by low-level antibiotic-mediated lysis
Authors: Tavaddod Sharareh , Dawson Angela , Allen Rosalind J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSuspended bacterial aggregates play a central role in ocean biogeochemistry, industrial processes and probably many clinical infections – yet the factors that trigger aggregation remain poorly understood, as does the relationship between suspended aggregates and surface-attached biofilms. Here we show that very low doses of cell-wall targeting antibiotic, far below the minimal inhibitory concentration, can trigger aggregation of Escherichia coli cells. This occurs when a few cells lyse, releasing extracellular DNA – thus, cell-to-cell variability in antibiotic response leads to population-level aggregation. Although lysis-triggered aggregation echoes known trigger mechanisms for surface-attached biofilms, these aggregates may have different ecological implications since they do not show increased biofilm-forming potential or increased antibiotic resistance. Our work contributes to understanding the nature of bacterial aggregates and the factors that trigger their formation, and the possible consequences of widespread low-dose antibiotic exposure in the environment and in the body.
Evidence from 162173 Ryugu for the influence of freeze–thaw on the hydration of asteroids
Authors: Genge Matthew J. , Almeida Natasha V. , van Ginneken Matthias , Pinault Lewis , Wozniakiewicz Penelope J. , Yano Hajime 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrated asteroids are likely to be main source of water for the terrestrial planets. The controls on the extent of asteroid hydration, however, are poorly understood. Here we report the discovery of multiple fracture and vein sets in a sample from the C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu that acted as pathways for the migration of distal fluids during its aqueous alteration. Early veins in Ryugu are decorated with framboidal magnetite, while later veins caused metasomatism of wall rocks. Both veins and fractures have cuspate geometries and complex intersecting geometries consistent with freeze–thaw fractures formed during experiments. We show that freeze–thaw is effective in fracturing C-type asteroids to up to 300 km in diameter and is thus crucial in the outwards migration of fluids in ice-bearing asteroids. Freeze–thaw is likely, therefore, to determine the distribution of mineral-hosted water in asteroids throughout the Cosmos.
Synergistic interfacial electronic modulation of topotactically developed bimetallic CoNiP on NiS nanorods for enhanced alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Dilebo Woldesenbet Bafe , Tsai Meng-Che , Chang Chia-Yu , Edao Habib Gemechu , Nikodimos Yosef , Moges Endalkachew Asefa , Lakshmanan Keseven , Angerasa Fikiru Temesgen , Guta Chemeda Barasa , Ibrahim Kassa Belay , Awoke Yohannes Ayele , Alamirew Tesfaye , Liao Wei-Sheng , Desta Gidey Bahre , Chen Jeng-Lung , Su Wei-Nien , Hwang Bing Joe 
Published: September 2024

Using conductive substrates (NF) as Ni sources, Ni3S2 nanorods are coated with CoP and Ni8P3 nanoparticles, offering abundant active sites, electronic modulation interfaces, and insights into catalytically active sites for H2 evolution reaction.
Advancing precision in medical image segmentation: A performance analysis of loss functions for COVID‐19 lung infection segmentation in computed tomography images
Authors: Delgado Emilio , Rodriguez‐Echeverria Roberto , Fernández‐García Antonio Jesús , Gutiérrez Juan D. , Suero‐Rodrigo Miguel Ángel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study evaluates the effectiveness of three loss functions Asymmetric Unified Focal Loss (AUFL), Dice Similarity Coefficient Loss (DSCL), and Cross‐Entropy (CE) for segmenting COVID‐19 lung infections in computed tomography images. Detailed analyses using the intersection over union metric assessed each function's accuracy. AUFL achieved an average Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) of 85.18% ± 8.86%, outperforming DSCL 85.18% ± 8.86%, which had the same average DSC but less precise segmentation, and CE, which had an average DSC of 78.31% ± 11.93%. Segmentations using AUFL demonstrated more defined contours and better alignment with actual anatomical structures than those obtained with DSCL and CE. Observations revealed that AUFL‐generated segmentations had more precise boundaries and were more consistent with the expected anatomical regions of lung infections. This study is the first to quantitatively and qualitatively compare the effectiveness of AUFL, DSCL, and CE in segmenting COVID‐19 lung infections, providing concrete evidence of AUFL's superiority in segmentation performance and reliability for clinical applications. The findings underscore the importance of selecting appropriate loss functions to enhance segmentation in medical imaging, highlighting their crucial role in improving image‐based diagnostics and treatment. The study emphasizes the need for ongoing research to optimize these segmentation techniques further.
Exploring the intermittency of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence by synchrotron polarization radiation
Authors: Wang Ru-Yue , Zhang Jian-Fu , Lu Fang , Xiang Fu-Yuan 
Published: September 2024

Context. Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence plays a critical role in many key astrophysical processes, such as star formation, acceleration of cosmic rays, and heat conduction. However, its properties are still poorly understood.
Aims. In this work, we explore how to extract the intermittency of compressible MHD turbulence from synthetic and real observations.
Methods. We used three statistical methods, namely the probability distribution function, kurtosis, and scaling exponent of the multi-order structure function, to reveal the intermittency of MHD turbulence.
Results. Our numerical results demonstrate that: (1) the synchrotron polarization intensity statistics can be used to probe the intermittency of magnetic turbulence, by which we can distinguish different turbulence regimes; (2) the intermittency of MHD turbulence is dominated by the slow mode in the sub-Alfvénic turbulence regime; and (3) the Galactic interstellar medium (ISM) in the low latitude region corresponds to the sub-Alfvénic and supersonic turbulence regime.
Conclusions.We have successfully measured the intermittency of the Galactic ISM from synthetic and realistic observations.
Thermal response in Boer goats differing in coat colour
Authors: AL-Ramamneh Diya , Gerken Martina 
Published: September 2024

Context The coat is the first defense layer protecting animals from direct sunlight, influencing radiant-heat absorption and loss. Dark coat colour may increase animal heat impact because of higher absorption of solar radiation. Aims We investigated the impact of pigmentation intensity on the heads of animals and their thermal responses to solar radiation. Furthermore, we compared the thermal responses between dark and light brown-coloured animals, to determine whether the duration of sun and shade exposure (3 h each) is sufficient to differentiate the heat gain and losses between the two groups. Methods The effect of coat colour on rectal and surface temperatures in Boer goats, classified according to their head pigmentation pattern as dark (DB, N = 11) or light brown (LB, N = 11), exposed to sun and shade, was evaluated. The animals’ body and head surface temperatures were measured the same day before, during, and after sun exposure by using infrared thermography. Individual thermographic images were analysed by body regions (rump, leg, neck) and head areas (eye, ear, upper and lower part of the head, and the muzzle). Key results During solar radiation, all measured variables increased. In the shade, the rump, leg, and neck surfaces remained elevated, whereas the head area cooled down faster, with the highest temperature changes measured for the ear of about 10%. Most surface cooling occurred within 30 min after returning to the shade. Coat colour groups differed only in higher overall muzzle temperature of DB than that of LB goats (P = 0.048). Correlations between rectal and surface temperatures were low to medium, ranging from −0.02 (eye) to 0.31 (muzzle). Conclusions The head area is suggested as the important thermal window for heat dissipation and selective brain cooling. Light brown-headed animals were more efficient in eliminating the heat gained from solar radiation when returned to shade. Implications The colouration of the animal’s head may play an important role for its heat tolerance. As an easy-to-recognise characteristic, coat colour can serve as a selection trait for local goat populations. In view of global warming, selection for lighter coat colour in domestic ruminants may also become important even under temperate climates.
Topological slow light and rainbow trapping of surface wave in valley photonic crystal bounded by air
Authors: Chen 陈 Shuheng 书恒 , Qi 齐 Yi 奕 , Li 李 Yucen 昱岑 , Wang 王 Qihao 琪皓 , Xiang 项 Yuanjiang 元江 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Topological slow light and rainbow trapping tend to rely on large-scale interface structure in previous research work, which have restricted further miniaturization. In this work, we propose a method to realize slow light and rainbow trapping at the zigzag edge of a single valley photonic crystals (VPCs) bounded by air, which is very different from previous studies where rainbow trapping is supported at the interface separating two VPCs with inversion symmetry. By constructing the VPC–air boundaries and VPC–VPC interfaces experimentally, we have observed the topologically protected rainbow trapping simultaneously at the external and internal boundary. This work provides a feasible platform for the miniaturized optical communication devices such as optical buffers, optical storage and optical routing.
13 Galactic Star Clusters in Gaia DR3 Identified by An Improved FoF and UPMASK Hybrid Method Using MvC
Authors: Chi Huanbin , Lai Zebang , Wang Feng , Li Zhongmu , Mei Ying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Open clusters (OCs) serve as invaluable tracers for investigating the properties and evolution of stars and galaxies. Despite recent advancements in machine learning clustering algorithms, accurately discerning such clusters remains challenging. We re-visited the 3013 samples generated with a hybrid clustering algorithm of FoF and pyUPMASK. A multi-view clustering (MvC) ensemble method was applied, which analyzes each member star of the OC from three perspectives—proper motion, spatial position, and composite views—before integrating the clustering outcomes to deduce more reliable cluster memberships. Based on the MvC results, we further excluded cluster candidates with fewer than ten member stars and obtained 1256 OC candidates. After isochrone fitting and visual inspection, we identified 506 candidate OCs in the Milky Way. In addition to the 493 previously reported candidates, we finally discovered 13 high-confidence new candidate clusters.
3D engineering of diseased blood vessels for integrative in vitro–in silico mechanobiology study
Authors: Park Wonbin , Lee Jae-Seong , Choi Min-Ju , Cho Won-Woo , Lee Seok-Hyeon , Lee Dongjun , Kim Jae Ho , Yoon Sik , Oh Sae-Ock , Ahn Minjun , Cho Dong-Woo , Kim Byoung Soo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Vascular diseases are complex conditions orchestrated by multiple factors, including cellular components, biochemical stimuli, and mechanical forces. Despite the advancement of numerous therapeutic approaches, the global mortality associated with the diseases continues to escalate owing to a lack of understanding of the underlying pathologies. Tissue engineering and computational strategies have been recently developed to investigate diseased blood vessels from multifactorial perspective, enabling more accurate prediction of disease progression and opening new avenues for preclinical advances. This review focuses on in vitro and in silico blood vessel models to elucidate the pathomechanisms of vascular diseases. Following a discussion of biofabrication and computational modeling strategies, the recent research that utilizes the models of various blood vessel diseases, such as atherosclerosis, aneurysms, varicose veins, and thrombosis, are introduced. Finally, current breakthroughs, existing challenges, and outlooks in the field are described.
Mapping quantum circuits to shallow-depth measurement patterns based on graph states
Authors: Kaldenbach Thierry N , Heller Matthias 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The paradigm of measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) starts from a highly entangled resource state on which unitary operations are executed through adaptive measurements and corrections ensuring determinism. This is set in contrast to the more common quantum circuit model, in which unitary operations are directly implemented through quantum gates prior to final measurements. In this work, we incorporate concepts from MBQC into the circuit model to create a hybrid simulation technique, permitting us to split any quantum circuit into a classically efficiently simulatable Clifford-part and a second part consisting of a stabilizer state and local (adaptive) measurement instructions—a so-called standard form—which is executed on a quantum computer. We further process the stabilizer state with the graph state formalism, thus, enabling a significant decrease in circuit depth for certain applications. We show that groups of mutually-commuting operators can be implemented using fully-parallel, i.e. non-adaptive, measurements within our protocol. In addition, we discuss how groups of mutually commuting observables can be simulatenously measured by adjusting the resource state, rather than performing a costly basis transformation prior to the measurement as it is done in the circuit model. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of our technique on two examples of high practical relevance—the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm and the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) for the ground-state energy estimation of the water molecule. For the VQE, we find a reduction of the depth by a factor of 4 to 5 using measurement patterns vs. the standard circuit model. At the same time, since we incorporate the simultaneous measurements, our patterns allow us to save shots by a factor of at least 3.5 compared to measuring Pauli strings individually in the circuit model.
Delayed ENSO impact on phytoplankton variability over the Western-North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Lee Dong-Geon , Oh Ji-Hoon , Kug Jong-Seong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a prominent climatological phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean that exerts a significant influence on both physical states and biological activities across the globe through oceanic and atmospheric teleconnections. In this study, we investigate the impact of ENSO on phytoplankton variability in the Western North Pacific (WNP) region, revealing a delayed relationship with a time lag of more than one year. During the boreal early spring after the peak phase of El Niño, we find a significant increase in chlorophyll-a concentrations in the WNP. This delayed ENSO impact is due to the propagation of reflected ocean Rossby waves from the eastern to the western Pacific. As the Rossby waves reach the western Pacific, they initiate continuous northward transports of the nutrients. The increased nutrient supply promotes phytoplankton growth in the WNP region, where phosphate (PO4) - limited conditions prevail. Our finding suggests the role of ENSO in shaping the biological dynamics in the WNP over an extended time scale through the specific mechanisms involved. Long-term climate model simulation supports these observed findings.