bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Design, Prototyping, and Evaluation of A New Machine Vision-Based Automated Sweetpotato Grading and Sorting System
Authors: Xu Jiajun , Lu Yuzhen , Deng Boyang 
Published: October 2024

HighlightsA computer algorithm pipeline with YOLOv8 was developed for grading sweetpotatoes for size and surface defects.Pneumatically powered sorting mechanisms were prototyped and evaluated for sweetpotato sorting.The sorting mechanisms achieved 96.9% accuracy and 92.5% repeatability at a conveyor speed of 12 cm s-1.The integrated system achieved online, automated grading and sorting accuracies of 93.8% and 92.7%, respectively.Abstract. Automated quality grading and sorting of fresh market sweetpotato roots have not been achieved at packing facilities, which consequently requires significant labor to manually grade the products and sort them by hand. Given an increasing shortage of labor and rising labor costs, there is a pressing need to develop automated grading and sorting technology for sweetpotato packers to stay competitive and profitable. This study reports on the design, prototyping, and evaluation of an innovative machine vision-based, automated sweetpotato grading and sorting system empowered by state-of-the-art artificial intelligence. The developed prototype consists of a custom-designed roller conveyor-based machine vision unit that performs size and surface defect detection and grading of sweetpotatoes traveling and rotating on the conveyor and pneumatically powered sorting mechanisms for automated sorting of the sweetpotatoes into three grades after they exit from the vision area. A computer algorithm pipeline was developed to segment and track individual sweetpotato instances by YOLOv8l in real-time and perform quality grading based on multiple views of samples for size (length and width) and surface defects, and then activate the sorting mechanisms to selectively segregate graded sweetpotatoes online. Experiments were conducted on the performance of the sorting mechanisms, the machine vision unit, and the fully integrated system at varied conveyor speeds. The sorter without vision integration achieved an accuracy of 96.9% and repeatability of 92.5% at a conveyor speed of 12 cm s-1. The machine vision system yielded an overall accuracy of 95.8% and 93.8% in grading three-class sweetpotatoes for surface defects alone and for both size and surface defects, respectively, at the conveyor speed of 12 cm s-1. An overall sorting accuracy of 92.7% was achieved by the integrated system at the conveyor speed of 12 cm s-1. Grading and sorting accuracies tended to decrease as the conveyor speed increased. A video demo of automated sweetpotato grading and sorting processes is available at https://youtu.be/3QEp9wFTiu0. With more dedicated efforts on hardware and software improvements, the developed grading and sorting machine prototype promises to evolve into a practical implementation at commercial sweetpotato packing facilities. Keywords: Artificial intelligence, Automated grading and sorting, Machine vision, Sweetpotato, System integration.
Video-observed therapy (VOT) vs directly observed therapy (DOT) for tuberculosis treatment: A systematic review on adherence, cost of treatment observation, time spent observing treatment and patient satisfaction
Authors: Areas Lisboa Netto Thiago , Diniz Bruna Dellatorre , Odutola Peter , Dantas Clara Rocha , de Freitas Maria Carolina Fonseca Loureiro Caldeira , Hefford Philip Michael , Bes Taniela Marli 
Published: October 2024

Introduction
Tuberculosis (TB) treatment demands strict adherence to multidrug regimens. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) poses challenges, especially regarding adherence. With the popularization of smartphones, Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) has emerged as a promising alternative, allowing healthcare providers to remotely supervise patients taking their medications via video calls.

Objectives
This systematic review critically assesses VOT’s effectiveness compared to DOT, focusing on adherence, treatment costs, time spent supervising treatment, and patient satisfaction, aiming to optimize TB supervision methods worldwide.

Methods
Only studies that met the following criteria were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review: randomized trials; studies that compared VOT to DOT; studies involving patients diagnosed with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis; studies that reported any of the desired outcomes; full-text articles available for review; and studies conducted in the English language. We excluded studies with the following attributes: studies that lacked a control group; case series or case reports; and previous systematic reviews.
The search engines and databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were used to find studies comparing Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) to Directly Observed Therapy (DOT). The following search phrases were used to look for papers that contained them in their title or abstract: ("Electronic Directly Observed Therapy" OR "Video-observed therapy" OR "Telemedicine" OR "Wirelessly observed therapy" OR "Smartphone-enabled video-observed") AND ("TUBERCULOSIS").

Results
A systematic review of the literature revealed the following findings: in all Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), video-observed therapy (VOT) demonstrated non-inferiority in terms of treatment adherence compared to traditional directly observed therapy (DOT); VOT reduced costs where these outcomes were assessed in the RCTs; the use of VOT reduced the amount of time healthcare professionals spent supervising treatment in RCTs evaluating this aspect; VOT contributed to higher treatment satisfaction in RCTs where this outcome was measured.

Conclusion
In this systematic review we emphasize the importance of Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) in the digital age for patients that have access to internet. Our findings show that VOT is comparable to DOT in terms of treatment adherence, but it is also cost-effective, improves patient satisfaction and takes less time for healthcare professionals to supervise.
Analysis of a vector-borne disease model with vector-bias mechanism in advective heterogeneous environment
Authors: Liu Jiaxing , Wang Jinliang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study proposed and analyzed a vector-borne reaction–diffusion–advection model with vector-bias mechanism and heterogeneous parameters in one-dimensional habitat. The basic reproduction number

R

0

{{\mathfrak{R}}}_{0}

in connection with principal eigenvalue of elliptic eigenvalue problem is characterized as the role of determining the threshold dynamics of the system. The main objective of this study is to investigate the asymptotic profiles and monotonicity of

R

0

{{\mathfrak{R}}}_{0}

with respect to diffusion rates and advection rates under certain conditions. Through exploring the level set of

R

0

{{\mathfrak{R}}}_{0}

, we also find that there exists a unique surface separating the dynamics. Our results also reveal that the infected hosts and vectors will aggregate at the downstream end if the ratio of advection rates and diffusion rates is sufficiently large.
AI for chemistry teaching: responsible AI and ethical considerations
Authors: Blonder Ron , Feldman-Maggor Yael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper discusses the ethical considerations surrounding generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in chemistry education, aiming to guide teachers toward responsible AI integration. GenAI, driven by advanced AI models like Large Language Models, has shown substantial potential in generating educational content. However, this technology’s rapid rise has brought forth ethical concerns regarding general and educational use that require careful attention from educators. The UNESCO framework on GenAI in education provides a comprehensive guide to controversies around generative AI and ethical educational considerations, emphasizing human agency, inclusion, equity, and cultural diversity. Ethical issues include digital poverty, lack of national regulatory adaptation, use of content without consent, unexplainable models used to generate outputs, AI-generated content polluting the internet, lack of understanding of the real world, reducing diversity of opinions, and further marginalizing already marginalized voices and generating deep fakes. The paper delves into these eight controversies, presenting relevant examples from chemistry education to stress the need to evaluate AI-generated content critically. The paper emphasizes the importance of relating these considerations to chemistry teachers’ content and pedagogical knowledge and argues that responsible AI usage in education must integrate these insights to prevent the propagation of biases and inaccuracies. The conclusion stresses the necessity for comprehensive teacher training to effectively and ethically employ GenAI in educational practices.
Weapon of Assault: Combat, Protective Magic, and the Fatal Throat Bite in Icelandic Sagas
Authors: McGillivray Andrew 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Icelandic sagas contain a literary motif little known in other pre-modern literary traditions: the throat bite. There are 10 scenes in the sagas in which one character bites, almost bites, or contemplates biting the throat of another character. The throat bite was used by saga authors strategically and purposefully, whether to resolve conflict, similar to a more conventional murder; to signify paranormal characteristics – or lack of paranormal characteristics; or to denote interpersonal power dynamics within a saga narrative. Due to the prevalence of the throat bite in extra-narrative contexts, including its use as hunting technique among non-human animals and the documented use of human teeth as a weapon among human populations, the saga writers of medieval Iceland accurately recognized that human teeth can serve as a weapon of assault and they craftily integrated the throat bite into the composition of select sagas.
Among-family variations of wood-color parameters, decay resistance, total phenol, and total flavanol content in the heartwood of the third-generation Acacia mangium in Indonesia
Authors: Masendra  , Nezu Ikumi , Ishiguri Futoshi , Hidayati Fanny , Nirsatmanto Arif , Sunarti Sri , Surip  , Kartikaningtyas Dwi , Ohshima Jyunichi , Yokota Shinso 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To evaluate the inheritance of natural durability of Acacia mangium Willd., wood-color parameters (Y [lightness], x [red to green], and y [yellow to blue]), mass loss by a white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) and brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsis palustris), and three different extracts (methanol extract, total phenol, and total flavanol content) were measured using the inner and outer heartwood of 10-year-old trees from 20 half-sib families in the third-generation A. mangium in Indonesia. The broad-sense heritability (H
2) values were moderate to high for the wood-color parameters and mass loss by white- and brown-rot fungi (H
2 = 0.210–0.851) and low to moderate for three different extracts (H
2 = 0.000–0.576). Significant negative phenotypic correlations were found between the three different extracts and mass loss by T. versicolor and F. palustris. In addition, negative correlations were found between the wood-color parameters and three different extracts. Similar results were found between the total phenol content and y and between the total flavanol content and Y in genetic correlations. Therefore, A. mangium families with lower Y and y in heartwood could produce progenies with higher total phenol and total flavanol content, leading to higher natural decay resistance.
Exploring the potential of brief peer review training in enhancing student feedback literacy
Authors: Man Deliang , Chau Meng Huat , Zainal Azlin Zaiti , Rummy Jessica Thevamalar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite its popularity as a recommended practice in the literature of writing instruction, peer review training seems to be more of an idea promoted than a common practice in the classroom. The reason is obvious: review training often requires considerable time and effort from the instructor and students. This study seeks to examine whether and to what extent a review training intervention as brief as two hours promotes student feedback literacy, specifically in relation to feedback provision. A quasi-experiment was conducted with two groups of Chinese undergraduate students with a follow-up interview. Results showed a positive effect on the provision of global feedback comments and an increasing focus on elaborate, constructive feedback after the training. Findings from the interview revealed students’ positive perceptions of training activities. The present study makes an empirical contribution to the literature and advances conversation in the area of peer review training and student feedback literacy.
Uncountable groups in which permutability is a transitive relation
Authors: Capasso Martina , Lancellotti Liliana 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Let 𝐺 be a group.
A subgroup 𝐻 of 𝐺 is called permutable if

H
⁢
K

=

K
⁢
H

HK=KH

for all subgroups 𝐾 of 𝐺.
Permutability is not in general a transitive relation, and 𝐺 is said to be a

PT

\mathrm{PT}

-group (or to have the

PT

\mathrm{PT}

-property) if, whenever 𝐾 is a permutable subgroup of 𝐺 and 𝐻 is a permutable subgroup of 𝐾, 𝐻 is permutable in 𝐺.
The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of uncountable soluble groups of cardinality ℵ whose proper subgroups of cardinality ℵ have the

PT

\mathrm{PT}

-property.
We prove that such a group is a

PT

\mathrm{PT}

-group and so are all its subgroups.
Molecular evidence that GBS early neonatal sepsis results from ascending infection: comparative hybrid genomics analyses show that microorganisms in the vaginal ecosystem, amniotic fluid, chorioamniotic membranes, and neonatal blood are the same
Authors: Pongchaikul Pisut , Romero Roberto , Wongsurawat Thidathip , Jenjaroenpun Piroon , Kruasuwan Worarat , Mongkolsuk Paninee , Vivithanaporn Pornpun , Thaipisuttikul Iyarit , Singsaneh Arunee , Khamphakul Jakkrit , Santanirand Pitak , Kotchompoo Kanyaphat , Bhuwapathanapun Maolee , Warintaksa Puntabut , Chaemsaithong Piya 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives

Streptococcus agalactiae, or Group B Streptococcus (GBS), is a leading cause of neonatal sepsis. Materno-fetal transmission of the microorganisms present in the lower genital tract/perineum is considered to be the most frequent mode for acquisition of infection. It has also been proposed that, in a subset of cases, GBS causes acute chorioamnionitis, intraamniotic infection, and fetal/neonatal sepsis. However, the evidence to support this ascending pathway is derived from microbiologic studies that rely on cultivation methods, which do not have the resolution to determine if the microorganisms causing neonatal sepsis are the same as those found in the amniotic fluid and the vaginal ecosystem.

Methods
We used whole genome sequencing of the microorganisms isolated from the vagina, amniotic fluid, chorioamniotic membranes, and neonatal blood (four isolates) in a case of early neonatal sepsis. Using hybrid genome assembly, we characterized the genomic features including virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance in four isolates from the same mother, placenta, and newborn.

Results
Whole genome sequencing revealed that the microorganisms in the four clinical isolates corresponded to S. agalactiae sequence type 1, clonal complexes 1, and serotype Ib. Comparative genomic analysis illustrated similar DNA sequences of the four genomes.

Conclusions
This study presents the first evidence of the genomic similarity of microorganisms in the vaginal ecosystem, the space between the chorioamniotic membranes of the placenta, amniotic fluid, and neonatal blood.
Commutators of multilinear fractional maximal operators with Lipschitz functions on Morrey spaces
Authors: Zhang Pu , Ağcayazı Müjdat 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this work, we present necessary and sufficient conditions for the boundedness of the commutators generated by multilinear fractional maximal operators on the products of Morrey spaces when the symbol belongs to Lipschitz spaces.
The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users in Lithuania: A retrospective population-based study
Authors: Jonusas Justinas , Drevinskaitė Mingailė , Linkeviciute-Ulinskiene Donata , Ladukas Adomas , Patašius Aušvydas , Zabulienė Lina , Smailytė Giedrė 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aim of this study was to determine the association between insulin glargine usage and the potential increase in cancer risk among the Lithuanian population diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Methods
A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The cohort of insulin users was established by identifying all male and female patients diagnosed with T2DM, as recorded in the National Health Insurance Fund database between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2012. The risk of cancer among insulin glargine users was compared with the risk in non-glargine insulin users. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results
The overall cancer risk for all sites combined showed no significant difference (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.67–1.05). Although a general decrease in the risk of cancers was observed at most sites for glargine users, the use of insulin glargine was associated with a non-significant increase in the risk of mouth and pharynx, stomach, non-melanoma skin, breast, cervical, ovarian, and central nervous system cancers. There was a tendency for a lower risk of colon, rectum, rectosigmoid, and anus cancer among glargine users (HR 0.45, 95% CI 0.18–1.12, p = 0.09).

Conclusions
Our research contributes to the growing body of evidence showing that insulin glargine is not associated with an increased risk of all cancers or specific types of cancer.
A stepwise approach to deriving functional β-cells from human embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Farhat Clara , Xega Viktoria , Liu Jun-Li 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Our understanding of β-cell differentiation from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is rapidly evolving. Although progress has been made, challenges remain, particularly in achieving glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are valuable due to their pluripotent ability. A fixed protocol targeting master regulatory genes initiates stem cells into pancreatic lineage commitment. Due to the observations that a single stem cell can differentiate into multiple cell types depending on various factors and conditions, non-linear differentiation pathways exist. Co-expression of key factors remains essential for successful β-cell differentiation. The mature β-cell marker MAFA plays a critical role in maintaining the differentiation state and preventing dedifferentiation. Recapitulating pancreatic islet clustering enhances physiological responses, offering potential avenues for diabetes treatment. On the other hand, several enhanced differentiation protocols from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have improved the functional insulin producing β-cells generated. These findings, with their potential to revolutionize diabetes treatment, highlight the complexity of β-cell differentiation and guide further advancements in regenerative medicine.
New notes on the equation d(n) = d(φ(n)) and the inequality d(n) > d(φ(n))
Authors: Bellaouar Djamel , Togbé Alain , Jakimczuk Rafael 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Let d(n) and φ (n) denote the number of positive divisors of n and the Euler’s phi function of n, respectively. In this paper, we prove various (conditional and unconditional) results about the solvability of the Diophantine equation d(n) = d(φ(n)) and a related inequality. For further research, we present some open problems.
Other fundamental systems of solutions of the differential equation (D
2 – 2αD + α
2 + β
2)
n

y = 0, β ≠ 0
Authors: Fecenko Jozef 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper generalizes the results of the first part of the paper [Fecenko, J.—Diekema, E.: On the linear (in)dependence of sequences of derivatives of the functions xn
sin x
and
xn
cos x, http://arxiv.org/abs/2305.11184]. The main goal is to prove that the sequence of functions f(x), Df(x), …, D
2n–1
f(x), where f(x) is x

n−1e
αx
sin βx or x

n−1 e
αx
cos βx for β ≠ 0, forms a fundamental system of solutions of the differential equation (D
2 – 2αD + α
2 + β
2)
n

y = 0. Or more generally, that the sequence of functions Dkf(x), D

k+1
f(x), …, D
2n+k–1
f(x), k ∈ ℕ also forms a fundamental system of solutions of the aforementioned differential equation. The problem is solved using a suitable transformation of the Wronskian matrix, by solving a nonlinear differential equation and then calculating the determinant of the modified Wronskian matrix by applying Laplace’s generalized expansion.
Hermite–Hadamard inequalities for Riemann–Liouville fractional integrals
Authors: Ali Muhammad Aamir , Kórus Péter , Valdés Juan E. Nápoles 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we prove some new inequalities of Hermite–Hadamard type for differentiable functions with h-convex derivatives. It is also shown that the newly established inequalities are extension of the existing inequalities in the literature. Finally, we give applications of the new results and outline some future problems.
New oscillatory criteria for third-order differential equations with mixed argument
Authors: Džurina Jozef , Baculíková Blanka 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we offer new technique for investigation of the third-order linear differential equation with mixed argument

y
‴

(
t
)
+
p
(
t
)
y
(
τ
(
t
)
)
=
0.

$$\begin{array}{}
\displaystyle
y'''(t)+p(t)y(\tau(t))=0.
\end{array}$$

(E)

We establish new criteria for property A of (E) which fulfill the gap in the oscillation theory.
On the rate of convergence for the q-Durrmeyer polynomials in complex domains
Authors: Gurel Ovgu , Ostrovska Sofiya , Turan Mehmet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The q-Durrmeyer polynomials are one of the popular q-versions of the classical operators of approximation theory. They have been studied from different points of view by a number of researchers. The aim of this work is to estimate the rate of convergence for the sequence of the q-Durrmeyer polynomials in the case 0 < q < 1. It is proved that for any compact set 𝓓 ⊂ ℂ, the rate of convergence is O(qn
) as n → ∞. The sharpness of the obtained result is demonstrated.
Some fixed point theorems in generalized parametric metric spaces and applications to ordinary differential equations
Authors: Das Abhishikta , Ahmad Hijaz , Bag Tarapada 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The objective of this work is the construction of `Boyd-Wong fixed point theorem’ in the setting of generalized parametric metric space and discussion its application on existence criteria of solutions to a second order initial value problem. Also an analogue of `Banach type fixed point theorem’ of generalized parametric metric space is proved and its application on the existence of a solution of first order periodic boundary value differential equation is examined.