bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF MOLECULAR AND ATOMIC GAS PHASES IN THE MILKY WAY
Authors: Koda Jin , Scoville Nick , Heyer Mark 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We analyze radial and azimuthal variations of the phase balance between the molecular and atomic interstellar medium (ISM) in the Milky Way (MW) using archival CO(J = 1-0) and HI 21 cm data. In particular, the azimuthal variations—between the spiral arm and interarm regions—are analyzed without any explicit definition of the spiral arm locations. We show that the molecular gas mass fraction, i.e.,

, varies predominantly in the radial direction: starting from

at the center, remaining

to

and decreasing to ∼10%–20% at

when averaged over the whole disk thickness (from ∼100% to ≳60%, then to ∼50% in the midplane). Azimuthal, arm-interarm variations are secondary: only

in the globally molecule-dominated inner MW, but becoming larger, ∼40%–50%, in the atom-dominated outskirts. This suggests that in the inner MW the gas remains highly molecular (

) as it moves from an interarm region into a spiral arm and back into the next interarm region. Stellar feedback does not dissociate molecules much, and the coagulation and fragmentation of molecular clouds dominate the evolution of the ISM at these radii. The trend differs in the outskirts where the gas phase is globally atomic (

). The HI and H2 phases cycle through spiral arm passage there. These different regimes of ISM evolution are also seen in external galaxies (e.g., the LMC, M33, and M51). We explain the radial gradient of

using a simple flow continuity model. The effects of spiral arms on this analysis are illustrated in the Appendix.
AN EXTREMELY HIGH VELOCITY MOLECULAR JET SURROUNDED BY AN IONIZED CAVITY IN THE PROTOSTELLAR SOURCE SERPENS SMM1
Authors: Hull Charles L. H. , Girart Josep M. , Kristensen Lars E. , Dunham Michael M. , Rodríguez-Kamenetzky Adriana , Carrasco-González Carlos , Cortés Paulo C. , Li Zhi-Yun , Plambeck Richard L. 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
We report Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of a one-sided, high-velocity (∼80 km s−1) CO(J =

2
→
1

) jet powered by the intermediate-mass protostellar source Serpens SMM1-a. The highly collimated molecular jet is flanked at the base by a wide-angle cavity; the walls of the cavity can be seen in both 4 cm free–free emission detected by the Very Large Array and 1.3 mm thermal dust emission detected by ALMA. This is the first time that ionization of an outflow cavity has been directly detected via free–free emission in a very young, embedded Class 0 protostellar source that is still powering a molecular jet. The cavity walls are ionized either by UV photons escaping from the accreting protostellar source or by the precessing molecular jet impacting the walls. These observations suggest that ionized outflow cavities may be common in Class 0 protostellar sources, shedding further light on the radiation, outflow, and jet environments in the youngest, most embedded forming stars.
ULTRAHIGH-ENERGY COSMIC RAYS AND BLACK HOLE MERGERS
Authors: Kotera Kumiko , Silk Joseph 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT
The recent detection of the gravitational-wave source GW150914 by the LIGO collaboration motivates a speculative source for the origin of ultrahigh-energy cosmic rays as a possible byproduct of the immense energies achieved in black hole (BH) mergers, provided that the BHs have spin, as seems inevitable, and there are relic magnetic fields and disk debris remaining from the formation of the BHs or from their accretion history. We argue that given the modest efficiency

<
0.01

required per event per unit of gravitational-wave energy release, merging BHs potentially provide an environment for accelerating cosmic rays to ultrahigh energies. The presence of tidally disrupted planetary or asteroidal debris could lead to associated fast radio bursts.
Se passer de la pulsion de mort ? Une diagonale à travers le système philosophique d’Alain Badiou
Authors: Boni Livio 
Published: May 2016

Comment se fait-il que le penseur qui plus se réclame, sur la scène contemporaine de la philosophie française, d’un certain héritage lacanien, récuse pour autant résolument un des concepts fondamentaux de la spéculation psychanalytique, le concept de pulsion de mort ? C’est la question qui oriente cette traversée de la construction théorique de Badiou, se concentrant sur deux aspects de cette dernière : sa tentative de déconstruire le motif heideggerien de l’être-pour-la mort à travers la réactivation d’une conception logico-matérialiste de la mort comme relation ; et la notion d’anti-philosophie, notion d’origine lacanienne au moyen de laquelle Badiou se rapproche à sa manière de l’idée d’une auto-negativité fondamentale faisant partie des conditions de possibilité du geste philosophique lui-même.
Sur quelques questions épistémologiques à propos de l’ épistèmê aisthêtikê
Authors: Jimenez Marc 
Published: May 2016

Néologisme forgé par Baumgarten, censé désigner la « science de la connaissance sensible », le terme « esthétique » s’impose difficilement dans la France des Lumières. Que désigne au juste ce mot : une théorie de la sensibilité, une science du beau, ou bien une doctrine du goût ? Lorsqu’au début du xx e siècle, le terme a enfin droit de cité dans les cursus académiques, la récente discipline « Esthétique » – bénéficiant d’une chaire à la Sorbonne – n’est destinée qu’à constituer une science nouvelle nommée « science de l’art », Kunstwissenschaft , « à côté de l’histoire de l’art » – prend soin de préciser Victor Basch, philosophe, germaniste, et premier titulaire de la chaire en question. L’esthétique serait-elle condamnée, encore de nos jours, à l’indétermination sémantique et au flou épistémologique ?
Support Recovery from Noisy Measurement via Orthogonal Multi-Matching Pursuit
Authors: Dan Wei 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a new stopping rule is proposed for orthogonal multi-matching pursuit (OMMP). We show that, for ℓ2 bounded noise case, OMMP with the new stopping rule can recover the true support of any K-sparse signal x from noisy measurements y = Фx + e in at most K iterations, provided that all the nonzero components of x and the elements of the matrix Ф satisfy certain requirements. The proposed method can improve the existing result. In particular, for the noiseless case, OMMP can exactly recover any K-sparse signal under the same RIP condition.
Nonconforming Mixed Finite Element Method for Time-dependent Maxwell's Equations with ABC
Authors: Yao Changhui , Shi Dongyang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a nonconforming mixed finite element method (FEM) is presented to approximate time-dependent Maxwell's equations in a three-dimensional bounded domain with absorbing boundary conditions (ABC). By employing traditional variational formula, instead of adding penalty terms, we show that the discrete scheme is robust. Meanwhile, with the help of the element's typical properties and derivative transfer skills, the convergence analysis and error estimates for semidiscrete and backward Euler fully-discrete schemes are given, respectively. Numerical tests show the validity of the proposed method.
A Non-Krylov Subspace Method for Solving Large and Sparse Linear System of Equations
Authors: Peng Wujian , Lin Qun 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMost current prevalent iterative methods can be classified into the socalled extended Krylov subspace methods, a class of iterative methods which do not fall into this category are also proposed in this paper. Comparing with traditional Krylov subspace methods which always depend on the matrix-vector multiplication with a fixed matrix, the newly introduced methods (the so-called (progressively) accumulated projection methods, or AP (PAP) for short) use a projection matrix which varies in every iteration to form a subspace from which an approximate solution is sought. More importantly an accelerative approach (called APAP) is introduced to improve the convergence of PAP method. Numerical experiments demonstrate some surprisingly improved convergence behavior. Comparison between benchmark extended Krylov subspace methods (Block Jacobi and GMRES) are made and one can also see remarkable advantage of APAP in some examples. APAP is also used to solve systems with extremely ill-conditioned coefficient matrix (the Hilbert matrix) and numerical experiments shows that it can bring very satisfactory results even when the size of system is up to a few thousands.
Factors Associated With Activity Limitations in People With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Andrade Júnia A. , Brandão Marina B. , Pinto Maria Raquel C. , Lanna Cristina C. D. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. We evaluated factors contributing to activity limitations in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health model.
METHOD. In a cross-sectional study, we measured five activity constructs in 81 people with RA.
RESULTS. Multiple regression analysis revealed the following results for the five constructs: (1) RA Activities (R2 = .512) included handgrip strength, range of motion deficit, deformity, and mental health; (2) Upper-Limb Activities (R2 = .473) included time since diagnosis, dexterity, handgrip strength, and range of motion deficit; (3) Timed Activities (R2 = .320) included dexterity and work activities; (4) Physical Autonomy Activities (R2 = .562) included range of motion deficit, vitality, pain, and functional classification; and (5) Physical Conditions for Activities (R2 = .416) included functional classification and vitality.
CONCLUSION. Factors most associated with activity limitations were handgrip strength and hand range of motion deficits. Activity limitations in people with RA are multifactorial.
Assessing Therapeutic Communication During Rehabilitation: The Clinical Assessment of Modes
Authors: Fan Chia-Wei , Taylor Renée R. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE. This study applied Rasch analysis to test four versions of the Clinical Assessment of Modes (CAM), an assessment based on Taylor’s Intentional Relationship Model: CAM–P, which assesses clients’ pretreatment preferences; CAM–E, clients’ treatment experience; CAM–T, therapists’ self-reported perspective; and CAM–O, an observer rating scale.
METHOD. The CAM–P was administered to 63 inpatients. The CAM–E was administered to 110 inpatients and outpatients. Trained raters rated therapists’ modes with 59 inpatients and outpatients on the CAM–O. The CAM–T was administered to 38 therapists. Analyses of reliability and validity were conducted.
RESULTS. The CAM demonstrated adequate construct validity. All versions showed acceptable internal consistency and unidimensionality within each of the subscales. Disorder between the 5 points on the ordinal rating scale was found for the client measures (CAM–P, CAM–E) and was resolved by modifying the ratings to encompass a 4-point scale.
CONCLUSION. The four CAM versions are reliable and valid measures of therapeutic communication in rehabilitation.
Effects of Music and Tonal Language Experience on Relative Pitch Performance
Authors: Ngo Mary Kim , Vu Kim-Phuong L. , Strybel Thomas Z. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
We examined the interaction between music and tone language experience as related to relative pitch processing by having participants judge the direction and magnitude of pitch changes in a relative pitch task. Participants’ performance on this relative pitch task was assessed using the Cochran-Weiss-Shanteau (CWS) index of expertise, based on a ratio of discrimination over consistency in participants’ relative pitch judgments. Testing took place in 2 separate sessions on different days to assess the effects of practice on participants’ performance. Participants also completed the Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia (MBEA), an existing measure comprising subtests aimed at evaluating relative pitch processing abilities. Musicians outperformed nonmusicians on both the relative pitch task, as measured by the CWS index, and the MBEA, but tonal language speakers outperformed non-tonal language speakers only on the MBEA. A closer look at the discrimination and consistency component scores of the CWS index revealed that musicians were better at discriminating different pitches and more consistent in their assessments of the direction and magnitude of relative pitch change.
Electrochemical Sensing of Bisphenol A by a Didodecyldimethylammonium Bromide-Modified Expanded Graphite Paste Electrode
Authors: Zhang Jing , Ma Sa , Wang Wenchang , Chen Zhidong 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
An electrochemical and sensitive sensing of 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane [bisphenol A (BPA)] was developed based on a didodecyldimethylammonium bromide-modified expanded graphite paste electrode (DDAB-EGPE). The DDAB-EGPE was prepared by suspending an EGPE in a DDAB aqueous solution, and allowing the DDAB to form a hydrophobic film on the expanded graphite surface. Compared with the EGPE, the DDAB-EGPE showed improved electrochemical response of BPA because of the preconcentration of BPA in DDAB via hydrophobic interaction. Due to the electrocatalytic activity of BPA, a sensor for BPA was constructed based on the DDAB-EGPE. The DDAB-EGPE exhibited a wide linear response to BPA ranging from 6.0 × 10−8 to 2.0 × 10−5 mol/L with a detection limit of 7.1 nmol/L at S/N = 3. The designed sensor showed good reproducibility and stability. The proposed sensor was successfully applied to the determination of BPA in three types of real plastic product samples. This sensor presented a simple, rapid, and sensitive platform for the determination of BPA and could become a versatile and powerful tool for food safety.
Role of surface-reaction layer in HBr/fluorocarbon-based plasma with nitrogen addition formed by high-aspect-ratio etching of polycrystalline silicon and SiO2 stacks
Authors: Iwase Taku , Matsui Miyako , Yokogawa Kenetsu , Arase Takao , Mori Masahito 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The etching of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si)/SiO2 stacks by using VHF plasma was studied for three-dimensional NAND fabrication. One critical goal is achieving both a vertical profile and high throughput for multiple-stack etching. While the conventional process consists of multiple steps for each stacked layer, in this study, HBr/fluorocarbon-based gas chemistry was investigated to achieve a single-step etching process to reduce process time. By analyzing the dependence on wafer temperature, we improved both the etching profile and rate at a low temperature. The etching mechanism is examined considering the composition of the surface reaction layer. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed that the adsorption of N–H and Br was enhanced at a low temperature, resulting in a reduced carbon-based-polymer thickness and enhanced Si etching. Finally, a vertical profile was obtained as a result of the formation of a thin and reactive surface-reaction layer at a low wafer temperature.
Generation of obliquely incident ions using phase-shifted RF voltages applied on rod electrodes
Authors: Ui Akio , Sato Yosuke , Sasaki Toshiyuki , Sakai Itsuko , Hayashi Hisataka 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
A new method of generating obliquely incident ions has been investigated. A plasma system with a cathode consisting of a repetition of a group of four electrode rods connected to their respective RF power supplies is proposed. The ion angular distribution (IAD) is controlled by modulating the phase shift of the four RF powers. The IAD of an argon high-density plasma was analyzed on the basis of transient plasma simulation. When the RF voltages are controlled so that the phase shift is π/2, a convex-shaped plasma sheath corresponding to each group of four rods appears and propagates parallel to the wafer with time. By propagating this “wavy” sheath, a bimodal IAD consisting of ions obliquely incident mainly from two directions are obtained nearly uniformly across the wafer. This method is capable of generating obliquely incident ions, which is expected to be effective as an additional knob for precise profile control in fine-pattern reactive-ion etching (RIE).
Sequence/structural analysis of xylem proteome emphasizes pathogenesis-related proteins, chitinases andβ-1, 3-glucanases as key players in grapevine defense againstXylella fastidiosa
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep , Nascimento Rafael , Zaini Paulo A. , Gouran Hossein , Rao Basuthkar J. , Goulart Luiz R. , Dandekar Abhaya M. 
Published: May 2016

Background.Xylella fastidiosa, the causative agent of various plant diseases including Pierce’s disease in the US, and Citrus Variegated Chlorosis in Brazil, remains a continual source of concern and economic losses, especially since almost all commercial varieties are sensitive to this Gammaproteobacteria. Differential expression of proteins in infected tissue is an established methodology to identify key elements involved in plant defense pathways.Methods. In the current work, we developed a methodology named CHURNER that emphasizes relevant protein functions from proteomic data, based on identification of proteins with similar structures that do not necessarily have sequence homology. Such clustering emphasizes protein functions which have multiple copies that are up/down-regulated, and highlights similar proteins which are differentially regulated. As a working example we present proteomic data enumerating differentially expressed proteins in xylem sap from grapevines that were infected withX. fastidiosa.Results. Analysis of this data by CHURNER highlighted pathogenesis related PR-1 proteins, reinforcing this as the foremost protein function in xylem sap involved in the grapevine defense response toX. fastidiosa.β-1, 3-glucanase, which has both anti-microbial and anti-fungal activities, is also up-regulated. Simultaneously, chitinases are found to be both up and down-regulated by CHURNER, and thus the net gain of this protein function loses its significance in the defense response.Discussion. We demonstrate how structural data can be incorporated in the pipeline of proteomic data analysis prior to making inferences on the importance of individual proteins to plant defense mechanisms. We expect CHURNER to be applicable to any proteomic data set.
Temporal regulation of proteome profile in the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Subramanian Perumal , Jayapalan Jaime J. , Abdul-Rahman Puteri S. , Arumugam Manjula , Hashim Onn H. 
Published: May 2016

Background.Diurnal rhythms of protein synthesis controlled by the biological clock underlie the rhythmic physiology in the fruit fly,Drosophila melanogaster. In this study, we conducted a proteome-wide investigation of rhythmic protein accumulation inD. melanogaster.Materials and Methods.Total protein collected from fly samples harvested at 4 h intervals over the 24 h period were subjected to two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, trypsin digestion and MS/MS analysis. Protein spots/clusters were identified with MASCOT search engine and Swiss-Prot database. Expression of proteins was documented as percentage of volume contribution using the Image Master 2D Platinum software.Results.A total of 124 protein spots/clusters were identified using MS/MS analysis. Significant variation in the expression of 88 proteins over the 24-h period was observed. A relatively higher number of proteins was upregulated during the night compared to the daytime. The complexity of temporal regulation of theD. melanogasterproteome was further reflected from functional annotations of the differently expressed proteins, with those that were upregulated at night being restricted to the heat shock proteins and proteins involved in metabolism, muscle activity, protein synthesis/folding/degradation and apoptosis, whilst those that were overexpressed in the daytime were apparently involved in metabolism, muscle activity, ion-channel/cellular transport, protein synthesis/folding/degradation, redox homeostasis, development and transcription.Conclusion.Our data suggests that a wide range of proteins synthesized by the fruit fly,D. melanogaster, is under the regulation of the biological clock.
Observations of energetic particle escape at the magnetopause: Early results from the MMS Energetic Ion Spectrometer (EIS)
Authors: Cohen I. J. , Mauk B. H. , Anderson B. J. , Westlake J. H. , Sibeck D. G. , Giles B. L. , Pollock C. J. , Turner D. L. , Fennell J. F. , Blake J. B. , Clemmons J. H. , Jaynes A. N. , Baker D. N. , Craft J. V. , Spence H. E. , Niehof J. T. , Reeves G. D. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Magnes W. , Trattner K. J. , Fuselier S. A. , Burch J. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractEnergetic (greater than tens of keV) magnetospheric particle escape into the magnetosheath occurs commonly, irrespective of conditions that engender reconnection and boundary‐normal magnetic fields. A signature observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission, simultaneous monohemispheric streaming of multiple species (electrons, H+, Hen+), is reported here as unexpectedly common in the dayside, dusk quadrant of the magnetosheath even though that region is thought to be drift‐shadowed from energetic electrons. This signature is sometimes part of a pitch angle distribution evolving from symmetric in the magnetosphere, to asymmetric approaching the magnetopause, to monohemispheric streaming in the magnetosheath. While monohemispheric streaming in the magnetosheath may be possible without a boundary‐normal magnetic field, the additional pitch angle depletion, particularly of electrons, on the magnetospheric side requires one. Observations of this signature in the dayside dusk sector imply that the static picture of magnetospheric drift‐shadowing is inappropriate for energetic particle dynamics in the outer magnetosphere.
Thick escaping magnetospheric ion layer in magnetopause reconnection with MMS observations
Authors: Nagai T. , Kitamura N. , Hasegawa H. , Shinohara I. , Yokota S. , Saito Y. , Nakamura R. , Giles B. L. , Pollock C. , Moore T. E. , Dorelli J. C. , Gershman D. J. , Paterson W. R. , Avanov L. A. , Chandler M. O. , Coffey V. , Sauvaud J. A. , Lavraud B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Oka M. , Genestreti K. J. , Burch J. L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe structure of asymmetric magnetopause reconnection is explored with multiple point and high‐time‐resolution ion velocity distribution observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission. On 9 September 2015, reconnection took place at the magnetopause, which separated the magnetosheath and the magnetosphere with a density ratio of 25:2. The magnetic field intensity was rather constant, even higher in the asymptotic magnetosheath. The reconnected field line region had a width of approximately 540 km. In this region, streaming and gyrating ions are discriminated. The large extension of the reconnected field line region toward the magnetosheath can be identified where a thick layer of escaping magnetospheric ions was formed. The scale of the magnetosheath side of the reconnected field line region relative to the scale of its magnetospheric side was 4.5:1.