bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Enduring” Incivility: Sarah Palin and the Tucson Tragedy
Authors: Boser Beth L. , Lake Randall A. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In the immediate aftermath of the Tucson, Arizona, shootings in 2011, controversy erupted over the role, if any, that Tea Party rhetoric had played in inciting Jared Lee Loughner’s rampage. Especially controversial was Sarah Palin’s video, “America’s Enduring Strength,” which denied that this rhetoric was responsible and, in fact, celebrated it as quintessential free speech. This essay makes two related arguments. First, although context encourages audiences to expect political self-defense, Palin’s video is neither deliberative nor forensic but epideictic: a celebration of abstract values so severed from circumstances that Palin et al. become heroically, purely virtuous, while those who dare raise the question of responsibility that is central to deliberation (“who, or what, is to blame, and what, then, is to be done?”) become vicious. However, this move is obscured because Palin’s version of free speech simultaneously inhabits the prevailing, and limited, social and legal understanding of the First Amendment. Hence, we also argue that a consequentialist framework for free expression is less suited to revealing the video’s troubling rhetoric of free speech than is a constitutive framework, such as has been proffered by some scholars of hate speech. To the extent that the consequentialist framework dominates constitutional jurisprudence and public understanding, however, “America’s Enduring Strength” also manifests America’s enduring problem in coming to grips with Tucson and other mass shootings.
Gabrielle Giffords: A Study in Civil Courage
Authors: Goodnight G. Thomas 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Gabrielle Giffords survived, recovered, and returned to public life after being badly wounded by an assassination attempt on January 8, 2011. During this extended ordeal, the Arizona representative mobilized lyric, dramatic, and oratorical resources into a singular, untimely rhetoric. I contend that she invoked the cultural resources of Polyhymnia—a classical figure reminding us of the ingenious, contingent resourcefulness among the symbolic arts—to recover her public agency in a time of deep incivility and public violence. In this essay, I find Giffords’s rhetoric, including her appearances, speeches, interviews, testimony, and editorials from 2011 through 2013, to comprise acts of civil courage.
Civility, Democracy, and National Politics
Authors: Stuckey Mary E. , O’Rourke Sean Patrick 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This essay considers questions about civility raised in the discourse responding to the January 2011 shootings in Tucson, Arizona. Focusing on two sites of discord—the debate in the media and President Obama’s address at the memorial service for the victims—our analysis identifies two conceptions of civility and their corresponding assumptions about democracy and community, provides a critique of both conceptions, and offers a conceptual framework for rhetorical critics studying civility.
Parceria família-creche na transição do bebé para a creche
Authors: Coelho Vera Lúcia Marques , Barros Sílvia , Pessanha Manuela , Peixoto Carla , Cadima Joana , Pinto Ana Isabel 
Published: December 2015

Este estudo apresenta atitudes e comportamentos de parceria família-creche, relatados por mães e educadoras, durante o período de entrada de bebés na creche. Mães e educadoras de 90 bebés responderam à Escala de Parceria Educadores-Pais (Ware, Rusher, Barfoot & Owen, 1995). Os resultados indicam uma grande valorização, por parte das mães e educadoras, da parceria família-creche para dar resposta às necessidadesdas crianças, bem como uma elevada probabilidade, relatada, de se envolverem em comportamentos de parceria. Os relatos das mães são relativamente mais positivos, quer no que se refere às atitudes, quer no que se refere aos comportamentos de parceria. Verificaram-se também associações positivas entre os relatos das mães e das educadoras. Encontraram-se ainda outras associações, no sentido esperado, com variáveis do ambiente familiar e de creche.
A Synthesis of the Heckscher-Ohlin and Oniki-Uzawa Trade Models with Heterogeneous Tastes, Different Technologies, and Endogenous Wealth
Authors: Zhang Wei-Bin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper examines the role of preferences and technological differences between two countries in determining dynamics of global wealth and pattern of trade in a reformed H-O model of international trade. The paper builds a trade model with endogenous wealth accumulation and labor and capital distribution between sectors and between countries under perfectly competitive markets and free trade. The model is based the H-O model, the Solow-Uzawa neoclassical growth model and the Oniki-Uzawa trade model. Each country has three sectors, producing one globally homogenous tradable capital good, specifying in producing one-tradable commodity, and supplying non-tradable goods and services. The study simulates the model for the economy to demonstrate existence of equilibrium points and motion of the dynamic system. It examines effects of changes in output elasticity of an industrial sector, population expansion, and propensities to consume the domestic commodity, to consume the other country’s commodity, to consume services, and to hold wealth.
6. Genetic Evaluation of Show Jumping Horses in the Slovak Republic
Authors: Schubertová Zuzana , Candrák Juraj , Rolinec Michal 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate genetic parameters and breeding values (BVs) of show jumping horses in the Slovak Republic. The data from show jumping competitions performed in 2004-2013 (The Slovak Equestrian Federation) and data from the Breeding Information Register (The National Stud Farm in Topo’čianky) were used in our work. There were 831 horses (4-21 years old) included in the analysis. The level of competitions ranged from LS (125 cm) to TT (160 cm). Profit of penalty points (PP) and ranking in the competition (R) were analyzed as the measures describing horse performance. The average profit of PP was 5.90±6.28, and mean R was 20.20±16.88. The software package CFC 1.0 was used for computation of inbreeding coefficient (F) in given population. The ratio of inbred animals was 74.49% from 831 investigated animals. The average F value was 0.0068 within inbred population. Input data (profit of PP and R) were not normally distributed, therefore the transformation by Blom formula was made. The height of obstacles was taken into account. The ranking in competition has been nearest to the normal distribution even though the tests of normality have not confirmed it significantly. The heritability coefficient was 0.17 in PP and 0.10 in R. The BVs were estimated for PP and R (BVPP, BVR). The BVs for R were modified to the form of relative breeding values (RBVR). The increase of genetic level of R within population of show jumping horses has been observed in recent years.
8.Animal Species Identification through High Resolution Melting Real Time PCR (HRM) of the Mitochondrial 16S rRNA Gene
Authors: Klomtong Pitchayanipa , Phasuk Yupin , Duangjinda Monchai 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Animal species identification has received growing attention, regarding genetic diversity and food traceability. The objective of this study is to apply a universal primer of part of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene analysis using the PCR-RFLP and HRM methods for identification of species origin in cattle, chicken, horse, sheep, pig, buffalo, and goat. PCR product size was 512 bp. The PCR product of 16S rRNA was digested with two restriction enzymes (BclI and MseI); sufficient to easily generate analyzable species-specific restriction profiles that could distinguish the unambiguity of all targeted species. The HRM method successfully identified all species by shape of melting temperature, and proved to be of higher resolution, and a more cost effective, alternative method compared with other identification techniques.
19. Improving the Prediction of Methane Production Determined by in Vitro Gas Production Technique for Ruminants
Authors: Chen Chung-Nan , Lee Tzu-Tai , Yu Bi 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Twelve feedstuffs (cereals, fibrous byproducts, protein-rich byproducts and forages) were determined for methane (CH4) production by the in vitro gas production technique (IVGPT) and were correlated with their chemical compositions to predict enteric CH4 originating from these feedstuffs in ruminants. Corn, soybean hull, soybean meal and corn silage generated the highest CH4 production from their respective categories. The average CH4 production of fibrous byproducts (44.6 ml/g DM incubated) was significantly higher than that of cereals (40.3 ml/g DM incubated), forages (33.3 ml/g DM incubated) and protein-rich byproducts (31.0 ml/g DM incubated) after the 48-h incubation (P≤0.05). The highest average total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration was determined in cereals (53.6 mM). The acetate to propionate ratio was significantly lower in cereals when compared with other categories of feedstuff (P≤0.05). The correlation analysis showed that in vitro true digestibility (IVTD) positively correlated with the CH4 production in all four categories of feedstuffs (P≤0.05). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) content positively correlated with CH4 production in every category of feedstuffs except cereals. The starch content negatively correlated with CH4 production for fibrous and protein-rich byproducts (P≤0.05), but it positively correlated with CH4 production for forages (P≤0.05). The CH4 production was predicted more accurately by the equations proposed for each category (R2=0.944, 0.876, 0.942 and 0.915 for cereals, fibrous and protein-rich byproducts and forages, respectively) than for the unclassified feedstuffs (R2=0.715). In conclusion, the contribution of individual chemical composition to CH4 production differed depending on the category of feedstuffs. The precision of CH4 prediction could be substantially improved by classifying feedstuffs into categories according to their chemical composition, and selecting the appropriate predictors for each category. Information about the CH4 output of these feedstuffs will be useful in formulating low CH4-producing diets for ruminants.
Liegnitzer, Hundsfeld or Lew? The question of authorship of popular Medieval fighting teachings
Authors: Jaquet Daniel , Walczak Bartłomiej 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
In numerous 15th and 16th century Fightbooks several sets of teachings appear alongside the glosses of Liechtenauer’s Epitome on armoured fighting and fighting on horseback (Harnischfechten and Rossfechten) often enough to be considered auctoritas on these subjects. However, their authorship from various witnesses are attributed to different authorial figures - Andreas Liegnitzer, Martin Hundsfeld, Jud Lew.
From 1452 until 1570, a number of diverse teachings are ascribed to them or faithfully reproduced without attribution: the most widely copied include the entitled Shortened sword for armoured hand and Shortened sword from the four guards, sword and buckler, dagger, wrestling and fighting on horseback. By a comparative analysis of existing witnesses, and by establishing the filiation tree of the related sources, we attempt to determine their original authorship. The analysis also yields additional conclusions regarding the influence of these authorial figures on other texts, proposes the filiation tree of the examined witnesses and presents the attempted study as a model for further research.
Competitive Pressure and Corporate Crime
Authors: Baumann Florian , Friehe Tim 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper explores the relationship between the intensity of product market competition and firms’ incentives to resort to illegal means to lower their production costs. To this end, our framework combines a crime model à la Becker with a Salop circle. When law enforcement includes a fixed fine for illegal conduct, more intense competition due to a higher number of firms in the industry reduces the prevalence of crime, whereas more intense competition due to better substitutability between products may increase or decrease crime. In contrast, when the fine for corporate crime is proportional to profits, more intense competition unambiguously increases the prevalence of crime. In addition, we discuss the implications of the link between product market competition and corporate crime decisions for market entry and optimal law enforcement and elaborate on the relationship between law enforcement and a firm’s ability to commit to refraining from the use of illegal practices.
A Model of Access in the Absence of Markets
Authors: Holzer Jorge , McConnell Kenneth 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEconomists have long known that properly designed markets allocate resources efficiently. However, in many circumstances markets are unfeasible. In this paper, we construct a general model of access which allows us to value different assignments when resources are allocated in the absence of markets. We demonstrate that marginal value schedules are far less useful in allocating access when property rights are unattainable. The criteria for optimal allocation combine information on both the marginal value schedules and the assignments determining the probabilities of access to the resource. Our approach allows us to rank rationing policies in a wide range of real-world, second-best settings.
Possibilities for removal of chlorinated dye Mordant Blue 9 from model waste water‡
Authors: Šimek Miroslav , Mikulášek Petr , Kalenda Petr , Weidlich Tomáš 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis comparative study focused on the different methods used for the treatment of model waste water polluted with the chlorinated acid dye Mordant Blue 9. Low-cost and commercially available ionic liquids – benzalkonium chloride and Aliquat 336 – were applied as liquid ion-exchangers to precipitate the Mordant Blue 9 by way of ion pair formation between the bulky ammonium cations of ionic liquids and anions of the above dye. The decolorisation efficiency of the ionic liquid application and the effect on reduction of the absorbance, adsorbable organic halogens, chemical oxygen demand and biological oxygen demand were compared with the conventional coagulation, sorption and Fenton oxidation techniques.
The Finite Basis Problem for Kiselman Monoids
Authors: Ashikhmin D. N. , Volkov M. V. , Zhang Wen Ting 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn an earlier paper, the second-named author has described the identities holding in the so-called Catalan monoids. Here we extend this description to a certain family of Hecke-Kiselman monoids including the Kiselman monoids K
Retracts of Ultrahomogeneous Structures in the Context of Katetov Functors
Authors: Mašulovic Dragan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper, we characterize retracts of a wide class of Fraïssé limits using the tools developed in a recent paper by W. Kubis and the present author, which we refer to as Katetov functors. This approach enables us to conclude that in many cases, a structure is a retract of a Fraïssé limit if and only if it is algebraically closed in the surrounding category.
The vertebrates from the Lower Ladinian (Middle Triassic)bonebed of Lamerden (Germany) as palaeoenvironmentindicators in the Germanic Basin
Authors: Diedrich Cajus G. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA marine/limnic vertebrate fauna is describedfrom the enodis/posseckeri Bonebed mixed in a bivalveshell-rich bioclastic carbonate rudstone at the easterncoastal margin of the Rhenish Massif mainland at Lamerden(Germany) within the western Germanic Basin (CentralEurope). The condensation layer is of Fassanian (Ladinian,Middle Triassic) in age. The vertebrate biodiversityincludes five different shark, and several actinopterygianfish species represented by teeth and scales. Abundantisolated bones from a small- and a large-sized pachypleurosaurNeusticosaurus species, which can be composedas incomplete skeletons, originate from dense populationsof different individual age stages. Important faciesindicator reptiles are from the thalattosaur Blezingeriaichthyospondyla which postcranial skeleton is reconstructedhypothetically using additional postcranialbones from similar aged various German localities. Thevertebrate biodiversity of the enodis/posseckeri bonebedof Lamerden reflect a limnic/fluvial freshwater influencedfauna (amphibians/terrestrial and marine reptiles) withdominance of normal saline marine influences. Macroalgaemeadow adapted placodont reptiles are absent inLamerden, as well as open marine-adapted ichthyosaurs,supporting a lagoon with fresh water influence position atthe Rhenish Massif mainland coast. In those contemporanousbrackish lagoons, which seem to be isochronousto northern Tethys lagoons of the Kalschieferzone at theMonte San Giorgio (Switzerland/Italy), small pachypleurosaurswere abundant prey in both regions for reptilepredators, especially large paraxial swimming alligatorhabitus-like Paranothosaurus, which even contain stomachcontents of pachypleurosaurs.
Semi-automated recognition of planation surfacesand other flat landforms: a case study from theAggtelek Karst, Hungary
Authors: Veselský Michal , Bandura Peter , Burian Libor , Harciníková Tatiana , Bella Pavel 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This study deals with the possibilities of expertdrivensemi-automated recognition of planation surfacesand other flat landforms in the area of the Aggtelek Karst,Hungary. Planation surfaces are the most debatable andvague landforms and can be defined as parts of terrainformed by long-lasting erosion-denudation processes underthe stagnant erosion base conditions. In terms of denudationchronology they can be considered as morphologicalindicators of different evolution stages of area. Inkarst areas planation surfaces and river terraces are mostlycorrelated with cave levels, which originated in relation tothe same stagnant erosion base. Because there is no generalmethod of delineation of planation surfaces, the mainobjective of the study was to find a suitable method forsemi-automated recognition of flat landforms in the AggtelekKarst, which should correspond to different phasesof the Jósva River incision and therefore could be correlatedto the multilevel cave system of the study area.Several methods for semi-automated landform classificationwere tested for recognition of flat surfaces in a relativelyobjective way. Slope gradient thresholding tool, andr.param.scale and r.geomorphon modules implemented inGRASS GIS were tested. As a result, the r.geomorphonmodule was proven as the most suitable method for delineationof relatively flat surfaces. Findings of the presentedwork can be used as a morphological indicator ofthe comprehensive reconstruction of evolution of the AggtelekKarst and the Slovak Karst.
Guidelines for Integrating Solar Energy in Sicily’s Buildings
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Meneguzzo Francesco , Albanese Lorenzo , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Wise utilization of today’s new solar energy technologies provides buildings with new aesthetic value which is no longer in conflict with efficiency in solar energy conversion. We outline the criteria for incorporating solar photovoltaic (PV) and solar thermal (ST) technologies in the building design in Sicily’s built environment. Better education in solar energy and in solar architecture of architects and civil engineers, as well as better communication efforts of solar energy companies, will be instrumental to afford the long-awaited local and global boom in the adoption of building-integrated PVs.
Estimation of Physico-Chemical Properties and Structure Characteristics of New Alkylimidazolium Salicylate Ionic Liquids
Authors: Wei Ying , Wang Bing , Zhao Zhen , Zhang Xin-yuan , Wu Xuan-yu , Zhang Qing-Guo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Two new ionic liquids derived from natural product salicylate,
1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium salicylate ([Emim][Sal]) and
1,2-dimethyl-3-ethylimidazolium salicylate ([Emmim][Sal]), were
synthesized and characterized. The density, surface tension,
viscosity, and electrical conductivity of two ionic liquids were
determined from 288.15 to 343.15 K. The
physico−chemical properties of the ionic liquids were estimated from
the experimental data by empiric or semi-empiric methods, such as,
coefficients of thermal expansion, molecular volume, standard molar
entropy, lattice energy, enthalpy of vaporization, and so
on. According to the interstice model of ionic liquids, the interstice
parameters like coefficients of thermal expansion and interstice
volume etc. were estimated, too. The experimental results and Density
Functional Theory (DFT) calculation were employed to discuss the
structure characteristics caused by differences of cations/anions
for properties of two ionic liquids. And by the Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman
(VFT) equation, the temperature dependences of the ILs viscosities and
electric conductivities were graphically described. The structures,
the energetics and COSMO volumes of all investigated ions are obtained
by combining DFT calculations and the COSMO–RS methodology to
describe intermolecular interactions of ionic liquids.
Rechtsschutz und Rechtswirkung von Eröffnungsbeschlüssen der Kommission im EU-Beihilferecht
Authors: Weiß Wolfgang 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Die Europäische Kommission leitet bei Schwierigkeiten in der beihilferechtlichen Prüfung durch Eröffnungsbeschluss das Hauptprüfverfahren nach Art. 108 Abs. 2 AEUV ein. Obwohl der Eröffnungsbeschluss nur ein Zwischenschritt ist, taugt er infolge seiner Rechtswirkungen als Gegenstand einer Nichtigkeitsklage. Der Eröffnungsbeschluss entfaltet auch eine Bindungswirkung für den nationalen Richter, alle erforderlichen Maßnahmen zur Abwehr einer Verletzung des Durchführungsverbots zu treffen, deren genaue Reichweite trotz der Entscheidungen des EuGH nicht abschließend geklärt ist. Das EuG spricht neuerdings Eröffnungsbeschlüssen die Rechtwirkung ab, wenn die Beihilfe bereits vollständig durchgeführt ist. Gleichzeitig verschärft das EuG die Anforderungen an den Klagegegenstand durch eine Einschränkung des Handlungsbegriffes. Der Beitrag setzt sich kritisch mit diesen neuen Vorgaben auseinander und nimmt sie zum Anlass, den Rechtsschutz gegen und die rechtlichen Wirkungen der Eröffnungsbeschlüsse im Beihilfeverfahren zu beleuchten.
Spielräume für die kartellrechtskonforme Ausgestaltung der Rabattpraxis marktbeherrschender Unternehmen
Authors: Haus Florian C. 
Published: December 2015

Zusammenfassung
Rabattsysteme marktbeherrschender Unternehmen beschäftigen die Kartellbehörden und -gerichte seit 40 Jahren. Die Linie insbesondere der Unionsgerichte ist dabei konsequent daran ausgerichtet, Marktabschottungseffekten solcher Rabattsysteme schon im Ansatz vorzubeugen. Die wiederkehrende Befassung der Gerichte ist zugleich Beleg dafür, dass die kommerzielle Praxis auf Rabatte nicht verzichten will. Dieser Beitrag skizziert Gestaltungsvorgaben, die das Risiko eines Verstoßes gegen das Missbrauchsverbot begrenzen, ohne zum Einsatz von Rabatten führende kommerzielle Bedürfnisse zu ignorieren.