bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanded Linear Responsivity for Earth and Planetary Radiometry
Authors: Houskeeper Henry F. , Hooker Stanford B. , Lind Randall N. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Earth and planetary radiometry requires spectrally dependent observations spanning an expansive range in signal flux due to variability in celestial illumination, spectral albedo, and attenuation. Insufficient dynamic range inhibits contemporaneous measurements of dissimilar signal levels and restricts potential environments, time periods, target types, or spectral ranges that instruments observe. Next-generation (NG) advances in temporal, spectral, and spatial resolution also require further increases in detector sensitivity and dynamic range corresponding to increased sampling rate and decreased field of view (FOV), both of which capture greater intrapixel variability (i.e., variability within the spatial and temporal integration of a pixel observation). Optical detectors typically must support expansive linear radiometric responsivity, while simultaneously enduring the inherent stressors of field, airborne, or satellite deployment. Rationales for significantly improving radiometric observations of nominally dark targets are described herein, along with demonstrations of state-of-the-art (SOTA) capabilities and NG strategies for advancing SOTA. An evaluation of linear dynamic range and efficacy of optical data products is presented based on representative sampling scenarios. Low-illumination (twilight or total lunar eclipse) observations are demonstrated using a SOTA prototype. Finally, a ruggedized and miniaturized commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) NG capability to obtain absolute radiometric observations spanning an expanded range in target brightness and illumination is presented. The presented NG technology combines a multipixel photon counter (MPPC) with a silicon photodetector (SiPD) to form a dyad optical sensing component supporting expansive dynamic range sensing, i.e., exceeding a nominal 10 decades in usable dynamic range documented for SOTA instruments.
Atmosphere and Sea Surface Temperature Coupled Data Assimilation with Enhanced Use of SST-Sensitive Microwave Radiances
Authors: Ishibashi Toshiyuki 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Atmospheric state analysis that leverages state-of-the-art data assimilation achieves high accuracy and can provide initial conditions for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climatological reanalysis. However, the interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean have been inadequately addressed, with sea surface temperature (SST) as a boundary condition for the atmosphere. This limitation impacts the accuracy of atmospheric state analyses and the utilization of SST-sensitive observations. To address this, we developed a partially coupled data assimilation (PCDA) system for the atmosphere and SST by extending the operational global NWP system of the Japan Meteorological Agency. The PCDA system enhances the analysis variables and background error covariance matrices to include SST components and the use of microwave radiance observations sensitive to SST, particularly at low frequencies (6–11 GHz), which have previously been unused or absent in most NWP systems. Our numerical experiments demonstrate several key findings: 1) the PCDA system identified colder SSTs in regions with significant SST gradients, including SST fronts in the midlatitudes, and we obtained zonally positive and negative increments in tropical instability wave regions; 2) the SST analysis produced by PCDA was consistent with independent SST analyses; 3) the system yielded a moist and warm low-level troposphere, leading to an increase in the first 24-h rain forecast near the intertropical convergence zone; and 4) PCDA globally improved the forecast accuracy of near-surface temperatures, with notable improvements in the tropics for most variables, except for midtropospheric temperature. In the extratropics, forecast accuracy improvements were observed for height and humidity although some degradation occurred mainly in the Southern Hemisphere.

Significance Statement
The objective of this study is to develop partially coupled data assimilation for the atmosphere and sea surface temperature by extending an operational global numerical weather prediction system. This is important because the current data assimilation does not fully consider interactions between the atmosphere and sea surface temperature, limiting the analysis and forecast accuracy of these systems. Our results show that enhancing the assimilation of microwave radiances from satellites, including low frequencies below 11 GHz, using the partially coupled data assimilation improves the analysis and forecast accuracy of these systems. These results point the way to a better analysis and understanding of the atmosphere–ocean coupled system.
RainForests: A Machine Learning Approach to Calibrating NWP Precipitation Forecasts
Authors: Trotta Belinda , Owen Benjamin , Liu Jiaping , Weymouth Gary , Gale Thomas , Hume Timothy , Schubert Anja , Canvin James , Mentiplay Daniel , Whelan Jennifer , Johnson Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Probabilistic forecasts derived from ensemble prediction systems (EPSs) have become the standard basis for many products and services produced by modern operational forecasting centers. However, statistical postprocessing is generally required to ensure forecasts have the desired properties expected for probability-based outputs. Precipitation, a core component of any operational forecast, is particularly challenging to calibrate due to its discontinuous nature and the extreme skew in rainfall amounts. A skillful forecasting system must maintain accuracy for low-to-moderate precipitation amounts, but preserve resolvability for high-to-extreme rainfall amounts, which, though rare, are important to forecast accurately in the interest of public safety. Existing statistical and machine learning approaches to rainfall calibration address this problem, but each has drawbacks in design, training approaches, and/or performance. We describe RainForests, a machine learning approach for calibrating ensemble rainfall forecasts using gradient-boosted decision trees. The model is based on the ecPoint system recently developed at ECMWF by Hewson and Pillosu, but uses machine learning models in place of the semisubjective decision trees of ecPoint, along with some other improvements to the model structure. We evaluate RainForests on the Australian domain against some simple benchmarks and show that it outperforms standard calibration approaches both in overall skill and in accurately forecasting high rainfall conditions, while being computationally efficient enough to be used in an operational forecasting system.

Significance Statement
Weather forecasting typically uses physical models to simulate the atmosphere and produce a set of scenarios, called an ensemble, for each forecast time. Forecast calibration is a set of statistical techniques for using these ensemble forecasts to obtain probability forecasts of weather variables. For example, on a given day, we may predict that there are a 90% chance of at least 1 mm of rain and a 50% chance of at least 3 mm. We introduce RainForests, a new machine learning method for calibrating ensemble forecasts, which uses ensemble forecasts of rainfall and other related variables to produce more accurate probability forecasts of rainfall amounts in operational forecasting settings.
Creation of an Emergency Care Capacity Assessment Tool for Facilities in Austere Environments
Authors: Kannan Vijay Christopher , Comp Geoff , Lareau Stephanie 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Facilities in austere environments may consider emergency care beyond their scope. Often patients with high-acuity conditions have no other choice than to present to these facilities. The disconnect between the intent of health systems planners and the reality faced by providers manifests as facilities unable to manage such cases. The Indian Health Service, with a range of stakeholders, developed an emergency care delivery assessment tool for facilities in austere environments, designed to identify deficiencies in facility readiness for emergency care delivery across four areas: 1. Procedural 2. Human resources 3. Non-pharmacologic material resources 4. Pharmacologic material resources Methods The tool's underlying architecture is a resource matrix similar to hospital-based tools, using the “Facility” component of the WHO Emergency Care Systems Framework as the Y-axis and undifferentiated presentations taught by the WHO basic emergency care course, advanced trauma life support, and advanced life support in obstetrics as the X-axis. The tool was piloted at a remote frontier clinic. Results We found 48 deficiencies: 7 procedural, 1 human resources, 31 non-pharmacologic materials, and 9 pharmacologic materials. We aggregated deficiencies by facility function to assess the capacity to perform each. We also aggregated deficiencies by clinical presentation to identify targets for educational interventions. Conclusion We successfully created a novel emergency care capacity assessment tool for use in austere environments using materials with broad international consensus. The successful pilot found deficiencies across all 4 areas. This tool may be useful in many other remote domestic facilities and rural health posts in low- and middle-income countries.
Determinants of received care time among Finnish home care clients and assisted living facility residents: a time-motion study
Authors: Pesonen Tiina , Väisänen Visa , Aaltonen Mari , Edgren Johanna , Corneliusson Laura , Ruotsalainen Salla , Sinervo Timo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Ageing populations and care workforce shortages across Europe are causing challenges for care services for older people. Therefore, it is paramount that limited care resources are allocated optimally, based on the clients’ care needs. Multiple functioning-related factors have been identified that determine the amount of care time clients receive, while organizational and other factors remain largely unexplored. The aim was to examine how various individual and organizational factors are associated with clients’ received care time in different care settings.

Methods
Cross-sectional observational study design with data from time and motion study, registers, and surveys was used. In total, 1477 home care clients and 1538 residents from assisted living facilities with 24/7 service participated, from 61 Finnish care units. Linear mixed-effect modeling was used to examine the association between individual and organizational-level variables and received care time.

Results
Physical functioning was the strongest predictor of received care time in both care settings. In home care, greater pain, more unstable health, and higher team autonomy were associated with increased care time. In assisted living, depressive mood and higher staffing level of the organization were associated with care time. Clients who received informal care also received significantly more care time from nurses in both care settings.

Conclusions
Physical functioning was the main driver of received care time. Interventions that maintain or improve physical functioning can help restrain the growing need of care resources, although it is important to ensure that each client receives care according to their holistic care needs.
Pharmacological and physiological effects of cannabidiol: a dose escalation, placebo washout study protocol
Authors: Neary J. Patrick , Singh Jyotpal , Alcorn Jane , Laprairie Robert B. , Dehghani Payam , Mang Cameron S. , Bjornson Bruce H. , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas , Bardutz Holly A. , Bhagaloo Lanishen , Walsh Zachary , Szafron Michael , Dorsch Kim D. , Thompson Elizabeth S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD) exhibit anti-inflammatory properties and have the potential to act as a therapeutic following mild traumatic brain injury. There is limited evidence available on the pharmacological, physiological and psychological effects of escalating CBD dosages in a healthy, male, university athlete population. Furthermore, no dosing regimen for CBD is available with implications of improving physiological function. This study will develop an optimal CBD dose based on the pharmacokinetic data in contact-sport athletes. The physiological and psychological data will be correlated to the pharmacokinetic data to understand the mechanism(s) associated with an escalating CBD dose.

Methods/design
Forty participants will receive escalating doses of CBD ranging from 5 mg CBD/kg/day to 30 mg CBD/kg/day. The CBD dose is escalated every two weeks in increments of 5 mg CBD/kg/day. Participants will provide blood for pharmacological assessments at each of the 10 visits. Participants will complete a physiological assessment at each of the visits, including assessments of cerebral hemodynamics, blood pressure, electrocardiogram, seismocardiogram, transcranial magnetic stimulation, and salivary analysis for genomic sequencing. Finally, participants will complete a psychological assessment consisting of sleep, anxiety, and pain-related questionnaires.

Discussion
This study will develop of an optimal CBD dose based on pharmacological, physiological, and psychological properties for future use during contact sport seasons to understand if CBD can help to reduce the frequency of mild traumatic injuries and enhance recovery.

Trial registration
Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT06204003.
Experts’ views on the implementation of digital interventions for eating disorders: a Delphi study
Authors: Lemmer Diana , Mayer Gwendolyn , Schrader Pauline , Michelsen Ina , Friederich Hans-Christoph , Bauer Stephanie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Eating disorders (EDs) constitute a considerable burden for individuals and society, but adequate and timely professional treatment is rare. Evidence-based Digital Mental Health Interventions (DMHIs) have the potential both to reduce this treatment gap and to increase treatment effectiveness. However, their integration into routine care is lacking. Understanding practitioners’ attitudes towards DMHIs for EDs is crucial for their effective use.

Aims
To investigate the consensus among German ED treatment experts on the relevance of different influencing factors for DMHI use in EDs.

Methods
This Delphi study consisted of two rounds and was conducted online with an initial sample of N = 24 ED experts (Mage=41.96, SDage=9.92, n = 22 female). Prior to the Delphi rounds, semi-structured qualitative telephone interviews were performed to explore participants’ attitudes, experiences, and expectations towards DMHIs. In order to construct the Delphi survey, content analysis was applied to a subset of ten interviews. A total of 63 influencing factors were identified and grouped into three main categories: contextual conditions, design, and content of DMHIs. In both Delphi rounds, the interview participants were subsequently invited to rate each of the factors with regard to their importance on 10-point scales. Group percentages and individual ratings of the first round (n = 23) were presented in the second round (n = 21). Consensus was calculated for each item (defined as IQR ≤ 2).

Results
Importance ratings were high across items (M = 7.88, SD = 2.07, Mdn = 8). In the first round, 48% of the items reached consensus, with its most important (Mdn = 10) factors referring to data security, evidence base, technical requirements, usability, and specific DMHI content (psychoeducation, crisis intervention). In the second Delphi round, a consensus was reached on 73% of the items. No consensus was reached on 17 items.

Conclusions
The findings on practitioners’ attitudes and priorities have relevant implications for subsequent DMHI development, dissemination, and implementation strategies, indicating that the highest-rated factors should be highlighted in the process.
Effects of lower-limb active resistance exercise on mobility, physical function, knee strength and pain intensity in patients with total knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Guo , Shang Zhenghui , Li Yupeng , Wu Yu , Zhang Li 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) successfully alleviates pain from knee osteoarthritis, but muscle strength and function are reduced for a long period postoperatively. Postoperative active resistance exercise may play a relevant role.

Purpose
To systematically evaluate effects of lower-limb active resistance exercise (ARE) on mobility, physical function, muscle strength and pain intensity in patients with TKA.

Methods
A search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to September 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the effects of ARE and no intervention or other rehabilitation program without PRE were included. The outcome variables were mobility (Maximal walking speed [MWS]/6-Minute Walk Test[6MWT]), physical function (Stair Climb Test [SCT]/Timed Up and Go [TUG]), knee extension/ flexion power(KEP/KFP), joint range of motion (ROM) and pain. Standardized Mean Differences (SMD) or Mean Differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and combined in meta-analyses. The Cochrane Collaboration’s Handbook were used for the methodological quality assessments. GRADE was used to assess the quality of evidence. The meta-analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.4 software.

Results
A total of 14 randomized controlled trials, involving 880 patients, were finally included. The lower-limb ARE exhibited significantly greater improvement in MWS (MD 0.13, 95%CI 0.08–0.18, P < 0.00001), TUG(MD -0.92, 95%CI -1.55– -0.28, P = 0.005), KEP (SMD 0.58, 95%CI 0.20–0.96, P = 0.003), KFP (SMD 0.38, 95%CI 0.13–0.63, P = 0.003), ROM-flexion (MD 2.74, 95%CI 1.82–3.67, P < 0.00001) and VAS (MD − 4.65, 95% CI − 7.86– -1.44, p = 0.005) compared to conventional exercise(CE) immediately post-intervention. However, there were no statistically significant differences between both groups in regard to 6MWT (MD 7.98, 95%CI -4.60–20.56, P = 0.21), SCT (MD -0.79, 95%CI -1.69–0.10, P = 0.08) and ROM-extension (MD -0.60, 95%CI -1.23–0.03, P = 0.06).

Conclusions
According to the results of meta-analysis, patients undergoing TKA who receive the lower extremity ARE show better clinical effects in terms of pain relief, strength recovery and knee ROM. Simultaneously, it may be beneficial to improve mobility and physical function of patients after TKA.
Exploring women’s knowledge of abortion legality and association with source of abortion care using population-based survey data in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana
Authors: Sheehy Grace , Moreau Caroline , Otupiri Easmon , Keogh Sarah , Guiella Georges , Bell Suzanne O. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Knowledge of the conditions under which abortion is legal is important so that people can advocate for their right to abortion care. Yet minimal research has explored the association between women’s knowledge of abortion legality and the induced abortion care they receive, particularly using population-based survey data.

Methods
Using national survey data collected by Performance Monitoring for Action (PMA) in Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana, we aimed to compare the prevalence of accurate knowledge of abortion legality, factors associated with knowledge of the law, and the association between knowledge of abortion legality and the source of women’s induced abortion care in these two settings. We ran bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions to assess the relationships of interest.

Results
We found that awareness and knowledge of the abortion law were low in both Côte d’Ivoire and Ghana. In Cote d’Ivoire, women who were older, more educated, and with past abortion experience were more likely to be aware of the law. In Ghana, knowledge of the law did not vary significantly by demographic characteristics. However, in Ghana, knowledge of the law was correlated with women’s use of the formal healthcare system for abortion care, with greater use of clinical sources in rural areas.

Conclusions
It is possible that for populations with reduced access to abortion services, such as those in rural areas, knowledge of the law is advantageous for those seeking facility-based abortion care, particularly in settings where abortion is legal for a range of indications. Interventions seeking to improve access to facility-based abortion care in settings where abortion is legal on various grounds should incorporate education on the legal grounds for abortion.
Dataset: a social accounting matrix for Germany
Authors: Connolly Kevin , Ross Andrew , Vögele Stefan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) is an extension of Input-Output tables that records macro and meso-economic accounts of a socio-economic system. Its main objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interrelationships among different economic sectors and agents. The SAM can be used for various purposes, including economic analysis, policy evaluation, and economic modelling. It allows policymakers to make more informed decisions, understand potential consequences of different policy options and serve as the foundation for constructing Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models.

Data description
The SAM for Germany is a comprehensive source of data that reveals the incomes and expenditures of 163 different production sectors, along with data on factors of production, households, corporations, government, and external accounts with the rest of the world. Additionally, it provides information on gross fixed capital formation, changes in inventories, and natural capital accounts. This SAM was compiled by extending the EXIOBASE Input-Output (IO) accounts with data from the Federal Statistical Office of Germany. Balancing items were also used to ensure that the Total Income and Total Expenditure of the main transactors are in balance.