bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical Significance Unveiled: Understanding the Meaning of FACE‐Q Skin Cancer Scores for Improved Patient Care
Authors: Veldhuizen Inge J. , Dusza Stephen W. , Kuo Alyce , Aleisa Abdullah , Blue Elliot , Adhikari Sushmita , Nadir Umer , Le Kim , Kazemi Soroush , Sutton Adam V. , Nijhawan Rajiv I. , Eisen Daniel B. , Rossi Anthony M. , Srivastava Divya , Wysong Ashley , Nehal Kishwer S. , Klassen Anne F. , Lee Erica H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveThe FACE‐Q Skin Cancer Module is a Patient‐Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) utilized to assess outcomes following facial skin cancer resection. However, the lack of Minimal Important Difference (MID) estimates hinders the interpretability of the PROM scores. This study established MID estimates for the four outcome scales from the FACE‐Q Skin Cancer Module using distribution‐based methods.MethodsA prospective cohort study at four hospitals in the United States, enrolled participants who underwent Mohs Micrographic Surgery (MMS) for facial skin cancer between April 2020 and April 2022. Participants completed the Satisfaction with Facial Appearance, Appearance‐related Psychosocial Distress, Cancer Worry, and Appraisal of Scars scales at four time points: pre‐operatively, 2‐week, 6‐month, and 1‐year post‐surgery.ResultsA total of 990 patients participated in the study, with completion rates of 98.4% for the pre‐operative assessment, 70.8% at 2 weeks, 59.3% at 6 months, and 60.4% at 1 year. MID estimates, calculated using 0.2 standard deviation and 0.2 standardized response mean, were determined for the four scales. The mean MID estimates, based on a Rasch transformed score ranging from 0 to 100, were 5 for the Appraisal of Scars scale and 4 for the remaining three scales.ConclusionThis multicenter study provides valuable MID estimates for the FACE‐Q Skin Cancer Module, specifically for the MMS patient population, enabling clinicians and researchers to better interpret scores, determine appropriate sample sizes, and apply the findings in clinical care.
Prescribed‐Time Control via Dynamic‐High‐Gain Output Feedback
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Yungang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we propose a new strategy for prescribed‐time stabilization of uncertain nonlinear systems via continuous adaptive output feedback. Notably, the systems allow non‐parameterized unknown nonlinearities and particularly permit unknown control directions for the first time. The two ingredients lead to the stabilization rather intractable and appeal to new methods and analysis routes. Following a conversion idea, we transform the system in finite‐time horizon into a new system with strong time‐variants in infinite‐time horizon. Integrated with a capable dynamic high gain and an unbounded time‐varying gain, a new concise observer which owns control‐free and tractable error dynamics is worked out for the new system. We particularly exploit a new set of time‐varying scalings, to devise a weakly time‐varying entire system whose boundedness amounts to the wanted prescribed‐time convergence. From the entire system, the adaptive controller design is conducted. The high gain, which is endowed with tailored dynamics, is integrated with (sufficiently smooth) pseudosign and pseudo‐dead‐zone functions to largely simplify the design and analysis.
Phase I/II Design for Selecting Subgroup‐Specific Optimal Biological Doses for Prespecified Subgroups
Authors: Porter Sydney , Murray Thomas A. , Eaton Anne 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWe propose a phase I/II trial design to support dose‐finding when the optimal biological dose (OBD) may differ in two prespecified patient subgroups. The proposed design uses a utility function to quantify efficacy‐toxicity trade‐offs, and a Bayesian model with spike and slab prior distributions for the subgroup effect on toxicity and efficacy to guide dosing and to facilitate identifying either subgroup‐specific OBDs or a common OBD depending on the resulting trial data. In a simulation study, we find the proposed design performs nearly as well as a design that ignores subgroups when the dose‐toxicity and dose‐efficacy relationships are the same in both subgroups, and nearly as well as a design with independent dose‐finding within each subgroup when these relationships differ across subgroups. In other words, the proposed adaptive design performs similarly to the design that would be chosen if investigators possessed foreknowledge about whether the dose‐toxicity and/or dose‐efficacy relationship differs across two prespecified subgroups. Thus, the proposed design may be effective for OBD selection when uncertainty exists about whether the OBD differs in two prespecified subgroups.
From Corn Starch to Nanostructured Magnetic Laser‐Induced Graphene Nanocomposite
Authors: Sankaran Sreenadh Thaikkattu , Dallinger Alexander , Bressi Anna Chiara , Marino Attilio , Ciofani Gianni , Szkudlarek Aleksandra , Bilovol Vitaliy , Sokolowski Krystian , Kunert Birgit , Hampel Hana Kristin , Bernal Hilda Gomez , Greco Francesco 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLaser‐Induced Graphene (LIG) is a 3D, conductive, porous material with a high surface area, produced by laser irradiation of synthetic polymers with high thermal stability. Recently, the focus has shifted toward sustainable bioderived and biodegradable precursors, such as lignocellulosic materials. Despite starch being an abundant and cost‐effective biopolymer, direct laser scribing on starch‐derived precursors has not yet been explored. This study demonstrates that corn starch bioplastic (SP) can be converted into LIG through iron‐catalyzed laser‐induced pyrolysis, using Fe(NO₃)₃ as an additive. The impact of iron additive concentration on LIG formation and on its properties is investigated, with only certain concentrations yielding reliable and reproducible results. The investigation of LIG's crystal structure reveals magnetic and non‐magnetic iron phases: γ‐Fe₂O₃, Fe₃C, and Fe(C). The LIG nanocomposite exhibits soft magnetic properties, with a coercive field of Hc ≈ 200 Oe and a saturation magnetization of Ms ≈ 67 emu g⁻¹. The SP substrate degrades almost entirely in soil within 12 days and is unaffected by the addition of Fe(NO₃)₃, allowing for material compostability in line with circular economy principles. Consequently, SP stands out as a promising “green” precursor for magnetic LIG, paving the way for sustainable applications in environmental remediation.
Experimental Validation of Density Functional Theory Predictions on Structural Water Impact in Vanadium Oxide Cathodes for Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wei Mengdong , Zhang Yu , Gu Yaoyu , Wang Zhiwen , Ye Hang , Wang Yang , Qu Shaojie , Hu Kuan , Zhao Junqi , Liu Chunsheng , Jia Dianzeng , Lin He 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study combines experimental methods with density flooding theory (DFT) calculations to investigate the enhancement of the electrochemical performance of vanadium oxide cathodes for aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) through strategic water content management. DFT predictions indicated that a moderate presence of structural water optimizes electrical conductivity and facilitates zinc ion diffusion. These theoretical insights are empirically validated by synthesizing AlVO‐1.6 H2O using a hydrothermal method, which exhibited superior electrochemical properties. This material demonstrated an impressive initial capacity of 316 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1, with robust capacity retention after extended cycling. Remarkably, even at an elevated current density of 10 A g−1, it sustains a capacity of 161.6 mAh g−1, while maintaining a capacity retention of 97.6% over 2000 cycles. The results confirm that adjusting the structural water content in vanadium oxides significantly boosts their electrochemical capabilities, aligning experimental outcomes with computational forecasts and showcasing a novel approach for developing high‐performance cathodes in energy storage technologies.
Oxygen and Electron Storage Effects in W‐Modified Ceria Catalysts for Ammonia Conversion
Authors: Guo Zi‐Yi , Chen Cui‐Rong , Szeto Kai C. , Taoufik Mostafa , Wang Zhi‐Qiang , Gong Xue‐Qing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTungsten‐modified CeO2 is an excellent catalyst for the catalytic conversion of ammonia. However, the geometric and electronic properties of this catalyst and the detailed reaction mechanisms are not well understood. In this work, the potential configurations of various monomer tungsten oxides supported on the CeO2(111) surface (WOX(x = 0–4)/CeO2(111)) are systematically studied and their relative stabilities are evaluated by using on‐site Coulomb interaction corrected density functional theory calculations. Their performances are also investigated in enhancing the catalytic efficiency of NH3 adsorption and activation. It is found that the WOx clusters can always form tetrahedron‐like structures on the CeO2(111) surface, and the CeO2(111) can exhibit both oxygen‐ and electron‐storage roles to help the WOX maintain such tetrahedron‐like WO4 structures and keep the W species at the highest 6+ state. Moreover, the flexibility of the tetrahedral WO4 structure leads to the preferential heterolytic NH3 dissociation at the WO sites, forming stable WNH2 and OH species. This study deepens the understanding of the unique oxygen‐ and electron‐storage effects of the CeO2 support, it also provides valuable insights into the extraordinary catalytic properties of the W‐modified CeO2 in NH3 conversion, paving the way for the rational design of more efficient CeO2‐based NH3 treatment catalysts.
Homogeneous Integration of Polyoxometalates and Titania into Crumpled Layers
Authors: Akram Bilal , Musawar Syeda Sundas , Mumtaz Sanam , Nazir Fozia , Umer Palwisha , Liu Qingda 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe crumpling and buckling in nanosheets are anticipated to provide new characteristics that could not be observed in ideal flat layers. However, the rigid lattice structure of inorganic metal oxides limits their assembly into well‐defined crumpled layers. Here, this study demonstrates that at the sub‐nm scale, polyoxometalates (POMs) clusters having well‐defined structures can intercede during the nucleation process of titania and co‐assemble with nuclei to form uniform, large‐sized crumpled binary 2D layers with a thickness of 2 nm. The obtained crumpled layers are then used as a support material to immobilize Pd nanoclusters with an average size of 2 nm. Pd‐immobilized crumpled layers are employed as heterogeneous catalysts for the partial hydrogenation of acetylene. This structurally and compositionally unique heterogeneous catalyst manifests exceptional selectivity to cis‐alkene with almost 100% yield as compared to commercially available titania which only exhibits 10% diphenylacetylene conversion and 42% selectivity in the given period of time.
Unveiling the dynamic evolution of innovation networks in emerging economies: A complex network approach
Authors: Wang Zeqian , Wang Chengjun , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe innovation network of enterprises in emerging economies is a complex system, comprising numerous interconnected elements. In the context of a dynamic and volatile market, innovation entities evolve the evolution of the local world through collaborative innovation and interactions. To accurately replicate the actual dynamics of the enterprise innovation network, an in‐depth analysis is essential to delineate the growth and reduction mechanisms of diverse nodal entities. This research, based on the classical complex network paradigm, proposes a model that is based on preferential attachment and pruning mechanisms. This model reflects the evolutionary trajectory of enterprise innovation networks and was subjected to simulation analysis using MATLAB. The findings prove that simulation is an effective analytical tool for understanding the evolutionary mechanisms of innovation networks within emerging economies. The model clearly demonstrates the complex evolution of enterprise innovation networks, providing both theoretical foundations and practical guidance for strategic resource allocation and network governance within corporate environments.
Algebraic expressions for convective solute transport in a homogeneous soil below a surface barrier
Authors: Zhang Zhuanfang Fred 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEngineered surface barriers are expected to be used to cover sites containing buried waste radionuclides after site closure. Understanding the transport of contaminants in the soil below a surface barrier is of importance in order to protect the underlying groundwater. The travel velocity of these contaminants is dependent on numerous factors, such as the thickness, properties, the pre‐barrier hydrologic condition of the vadose zone, and the initial depths and properties of the contaminants. Although solute transport can be modeled with numerical modeling using site‐specific data, by nature a numerical method does not reveal the relationship between inputs and outputs. This work develops algebraic expressions of the velocities of convective solute transport in the vadose zone below a surface barrier, time lag, solute safe depth, zero‐protection depth of a surface barrier, and solute travel time to the groundwater. This development shows that solute convection in the soil with a surface barrier consists of up to three stages: constant high velocity, decreasing velocity, and constant low velocity. Solute transport based on the algebraic expressions was verified against numerical simulations. The algebraic expressions may be used to assess the expected impacts of a surface barrier to the convective transport of contaminants in the vadose zone.
Circulating extracellular vesicle-carried PTP1B and PP2A phosphatases as regulators of insulin resistance
Authors: Ali Sakina , Vidal-Gómez Xavier , Piquet Megan , Vergori Luisa , Simard Gilles , Dubois Séverine , Ducluzeau Pierre-Henri , Pomiès Pascal , Kamli-Salino Sarah , Delibégovic Mirela , Henni Samir , Gagnadoux Frédéric , Andriantsitohaina Ramaroson , Martínez M. Carmen ,   on behalf of the Metabol Study Group
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Aims/hypothesis
Metabolic disorders associated with abdominal obesity, dyslipidaemia, arterial hypertension and hyperglycaemia are risk factors for the development of insulin resistance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) may play an important role in the regulation of metabolic signalling pathways in insulin resistance and associated complications.

Methods
Circulating large EVs (lEVs) and small EVs (sEVs) from individuals with (IR group) and without insulin resistance (n-IR group) were isolated and characterised. lEVs and sEVs were administered by i.v. injection to mice and systemic, adipose tissue and liver insulin signalling were analysed. The role of phosphatases was analysed in target tissues and cells.

Results
Injection of lEVs and sEVs from IR participants impaired systemic, adipose tissue and liver insulin signalling in mice, while EVs from n-IR participants had no effect. Moreover, lEVs and sEVs from IR participants brought about a twofold increase in adipocyte size and adipogenic gene expression. EVs from IR participants expressed two types of phosphatases, phosphotyrosine 1 phosphatase (PTP1B) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A), IR lEVs being enriched with the active form of PTP1B while IR sEVs mainly carried active PP2A. Blockade of PTP1B activity in IR lEVs fully restored IRS1 and Akt phosphorylation in adipocytes and blunted insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation by inhibition of the macrophage secretome in hepatocytes. Conversely, blockade of PP2A activity in IR sEVs completely prevented insulin resistance in adipocytes and hepatocytes.

Conclusions/interpretation
These data demonstrate that inhibition of phosphatases carried by EVs from IR participants rescues insulin signalling in adipocytes and hepatocytes and point towards PTP1B and PP2A carried by IR EVs as being novel potential therapeutic targets against insulin resistance in adipose tissue and liver and the development of obesity.

Graphical Abstract
Postmortem interval estimation of human skeletonized remains through luminol chemiluminescence
Authors: Ermida Catarina , Rosa Joana , Cunha Eugénia , Ferreira Maria Teresa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Postmortem interval (PMI) estimation represents a significant challenge in the forensic sciences, particularly when dealing with human skeletal remains. A screening protocol for distinguishing possible remains of forensic interest is a crucial tool for judicial purposes. In this context, luminol chemiluminescence emerges as a promising method, with low overall costs and required time. This method is primarily used as a presumptive test, based on the understanding that the intensity of the chemiluminescence reactions decreases with an increase in the postmortem interval, thus underlining its practical implications.
This research aims to expand previous research on the potential of luminol chemiluminescence, evaluating its usefulness in estimating PMI. Our sample comprised 239 human clavicles, with known PMI. The luminol solution was sprayed on each powder bone sample in a dark room, observed by the naked eye and photographed. The intensity of the chemiluminescence reaction was measured using a binary and a 5-level scale.
The present results reveal that this method is a suitable tool for PMI estimation as a presumptive test, reducing time and costs in criminal investigations. The findings underscore the high sensitivity of luminol chemiluminescence for detecting recent PMI but also highlight a notable incidence of false positives. Thus, our results confirm luminol chemiluminescence as a powerful tool for dating time of death, particularly for identifying forensic relevant remains. Still, the relatively low specificity indicates that it should be complemented with additional tests for further confirmation and scientific validation of the remains’ forensic relevance.
A spatially-dependent fragmentation process
Authors: Callegaro Alice , Roberts Matthew I. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe define a fragmentation process which involves rectangles breaking up into progressively smaller pieces at rates that depend on their shape. Long, thin rectangles are more likely to break quickly, whereas squares break more slowly. Each rectangle is also more likely to split along its longest side. We are interested in how the system evolves over time: how many fragments are there of different shapes and sizes, and how did they reach that state? Using a standard transformation this fragmentation process with shape-dependent rates is equivalent to a two-dimensional branching random walk in continuous time in which the branching rate and the direction of each jump depend on the particles’ position. Our main theorem gives an almost sure growth rate along paths for the number of particles in the branching random walk, which in turn gives the number of fragments with a fixed shape as the solution to an optimisation problem. This is a result of interest in the context of spatial branching systems and provides an example of a multitype branching process with a continuum of types.
Variable habitat use supports fine-scale population differentiation of a freshwater piscivore (northern pike, Esox lucius) along salinity gradients in brackish lagoons
Authors: Rittweg Timo D. , Trueman Clive , Wiedenbeck Michael , Fietzke Jan , Wolter Christian , Talluto Lauren , Dennenmoser Stefan , Nolte Arne , Arlinghaus Robert 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn mobile animals, selection pressures resulting from spatio-temporally varying ecological factors often drive adaptations in migration behavior and associated physiological phenotypes. These adaptations may manifest in ecologically and genetically distinct ecotypes within populations. We studied a meta-population of northern pike (Esox lucius) in brackish environments and examined intrapopulation divergence along environmental gradients. Behavioral phenotypes in habitat use were characterized via otolith microchemistry in 120 individuals sampled from brackish lagoons and adjacent freshwater tributaries. We genotyped 1514 individual pike at 33 highly informative genetic markers. The relationship between behavioral phenotype and genotype was examined in a subset of 101 pikes for which both phenotypic and genomic data were available. Thermosaline differences between juvenile and adult life stages indicated ontogenetic shifts from warm, low-saline early habitats towards colder, higher-saline adult habitats. Four behavioral phenotypes were found: Freshwater residents, anadromous, brackish residents, and cross-habitat individuals, the latter showing intermediary habitat use between brackish and freshwater areas. Underlying the behavioral phenotypes were four genotypes, putative freshwater, putative anadromous, and two putatively brackish genotypes. Through phenotype-genotype matching, three ecotypes were identified: (i) a brackish resident ecotype, (ii) a freshwater ecotype expressing freshwater residency or anadromy, and (iii) a previously undescribed intermediary cross-habitat ecotype adapted to intermediate salinities, showing limited reliance on freshwater. Life-time growth of all ecotypes was similar, suggesting comparable fitness. By combining genetic data with lifelong habitat use and growth as a fitness surrogate, our study revealed strong differentiation in response to abiotic environmental gradients, primarily salinity, indicating ecotype diversity in coastal northern pike is higher than previously believed.
Graphical abstract
Concordance between late effects reported by physicians and patients in a cohort of long-term Hodgkin lymphoma survivors: an analysis of data from nine consecutive EORTC-LYSA trials
Authors: Juul Sidsel J. , Rossetti Sára , Aleman Berthe M. P. , van Leeuwen Flora E. , van der Kaaij Marleen A. E. , Giusti Francesco , Meijnders Paul , Raemaekers John M. M. , Kluin-Nelemans Hanneke C. , Spina Michele , Krzisch Daphne , Bigenwald Camille , Stamatoullas Aspasia , André Marc , Plattel Wouter J. , Hutchings Martin , Maraldo Maja V. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Studies looking into the concordance between late effects reported by physicians vs. those reported by Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) survivors are missing.

Methods
A Life Situation Questionnaire focusing on late effects collected data from 1230 HL survivors (median follow-up 14.3 years). Twenty-six disease- and treatment-related late effects from various organ systems were matched with physician-recorded data. The concordance between physicians and survivors was systematically evaluated using percentage agreement and kappa statistics. Potential non-responder biases and associations with patient and disease characteristics were also investigated.

Results
Agreement levels (indicated by kappa statistics) varied from none to moderate agreement, with the highest Kappa values observed for myocardial infarction (kappa = 0.55, 95% CI 0.43–0.66) and pulmonary embolism (kappa = 0.55, 95% CI 0.35–0.75). HL survivors consistently reported a higher prevalence of late effects compared with physicians. Notably, the prevalence of subjective symptoms such as persistent fatigue and xerostomia was repeatedly underreported by physicians. A trend towards higher concordance was observed in survivors with higher clinical stage, higher education level, and treatment initiated at younger ages. Additionally, findings indicated that survivors who did not respond to the questionnaire experienced fewer late effects compared to those who did respond.

Conclusions
Substantial discrepancies were noted in the reported prevalence of late effects between survivors and physicians, especially for outcomes which are not easily quantified.

Implications for Cancer Survivors
It is therefore essential to integrate outcomes reported by both physicians and survivors to achieve a comprehensive assessment of the long-term consequences of HL treatment.