bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hypoxia‐induced dehydrogenase HorA is required for coenzyme Q10 biosynthesis, azole sensitivity and virulence of Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Kroll Kristin , Shekhova Elena , Mattern Derek J. , Thywissen Andreas , Jacobsen Ilse D. , Strassburger Maria , Heinekamp Thorsten , Shelest Ekaterina , Brakhage Axel A. , Kniemeyer Olaf 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAspergillus fumigatus is the predominant airborne pathogenic fungus causing invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients. During infection A. fumigatus has to adapt to oxygen‐limiting conditions in inflammatory or necrotic tissue. Previously, we identified a mitochondrial protein to be highly up‐regulated during hypoxic adaptation. Here, this protein was found to represent the novel oxidoreductase HorA. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae a homologue was shown to play a role in biosynthesis of coenzyme Q. Consistently, reduced coenzyme Q content in the generated ΔhorA mutant indicated a respective function in A. fumigatus. Since coenzyme Q is involved in cellular respiration and maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, the strain ΔhorA displayed an impaired response to both oxidative and reductive stress, a delay in germination and an accumulation of NADH. Moreover, an increased resistance against antifungal drugs was observed. All phenotypes were completely reversed by the addition of the synthetic electron carrier menadione. The deletion strain ΔhorA showed significantly attenuated virulence in two murine infection models of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Therefore, the biosynthesis of coenzyme Q and, particularly, the fungal‐specific protein HorA play a crucial role in virulence of A. fumigatus. Due to its absence in mammals, HorA might represent a novel therapeutic target against fungal infections.
Epithelial and organ‐related marker expression in pituitary adenomas
Authors: Cykowski Matthew D. , Takei Hidehiro , Baskin David S. , Rivera Andreana L. , Powell Suzanne Z. 
Published: March 2016

The histologic expression of epithelial and organ‐related immunohistochemical markers in primary sellar region tumors has received little attention to date. This lack of empirical data may lead to mistaken assumptions in the evaluation of sellar region neoplasms. To address this issue, the frequency and specificity of epithelial (cytokeratin 7(CK7), CK20) and organ‐related differentiation markers (gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 (GCDFP‐15), thyroid transcription factor‐1 (TTF‐1), Napsin A, paired box 8 (PAX‐8), hepatocyte paraffin 1 (HepPar1) and estrogen receptor (ER)) were studied in 40 patients with adenomas comprising five hormonal sub‐types. Non‐parametric statistical procedures were used to examine associations between marker expression and tumor sub‐type. CK7 and CK20 immunoreactivity were seen in 48% and 8% of tumors, respectively, although never in a diffuse pattern. CK20 expression was nearly exclusive to corticotrophs, whereas CK7 frequently highlighted cells with dendritic‐type morphology. The specificity of organ‐related differentiation markers was 100% (monoclonal Napsin A, GCDFP‐15 and TTF‐1), 97% (HepPar1 and PAX‐8), 90% (polyclonal Napsin A) and 72% (ER); no tumors demonstrated significant co‐expression of these organ‐related markers with either CK7 or CK20. The first major conclusion of this study is that CK7 staining in adenoma is more frequent than has been previously than has been previously described. CK7 immunoreactive cells often displayed a dendritic‐type morphology, including within large macroadenomas, which raises the question as to whether these represent tumor cells with folliculo‐stellate cell‐type differentiation, as these also have dendritic cell‐type morphology and express CK7 in non‐neoplastic glands. The second major conclusion, which confirms earlier findings, is that CK20 staining is a very infrequent immunohistochemical finding in adenomas that is virtually limited to corticotrophs and thus is helpful in diagnostic confirmation of that sub‐type. The final conclusion is in regard to those features that separate adenomas from sellar region metastases: adenomas do not demonstrate significant expression of TTF‐1, monoclonal Napsin A, PAX‐8, HepPar1 or GCDFP‐15, nor do they exhibit diffuse expression of CK7 and CK20.
Central administrations of hemopressin and related peptides inhibit gastrointestinal motility in mice
Authors: Li X.‐H. , Lin M.‐L. , Wang Z.‐L. , Wang P. , Tang H.‐H. , Lin Y.‐Y. , Li N. , Fang Q. , Wang R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundHemopressin was identified as an endogenous inverse agonist/antagonist of CB1 receptor, whereas VD‐hemopressin(α) [VD‐Hpα] and VD‐hemopressin(β) [VD‐Hpβ] were found as the novel endogenous peptidic agonists of cannabinoid receptors. As cannabinoids are potent modulators of gastrointestinal (GI) motility, our aim was to characterize the effects of hemopressin and related peptides on GI motility in vivo.MethodsThe responses of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of the reference compound WIN55,212‐2, hemopressin, and related peptides to GI motility were investigated by measuring upper GI transit, colonic bead expulsion, and whole gut transit in mice.Key ResultsCentral administration of the classical cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN55,212‐2 dose‐dependently slowed upper GI transit, colonic expulsion, and whole gut transit via CB1 receptor. Similarly, Hpα, VD‐Hpα, and VD‐Hpβ delayed upper GI transit and colonic expulsion after i.c.v. administration. At the high doses, Hpα and VD‐Hpβ inhibited whole gut transit, whereas VD‐Hpα had no effect on whole gut transit. In addition, the effects of these three peptides on GI transit were antagonized by the CB1 receptor selective antagonist AM251, but not by the CB2 receptor selective antagonist AM630.Conclusion & InferencesThe endogenous cannabinoid peptide ligands hemopressin, VD‐Hpα, and VD‐Hpβ inhibited GI transit through the activation of CB1, but not CB2 cannabinoid receptors. The lower potencies of the hemopressin and related peptides in GI transit assays may be important for the future development of cannabinoid peptides as the therapeutic analgesics with limited GI side effects.
Relationships of abdominal pain, reports to visceral and temperature pain sensitivity, conditioned pain modulation, and heart rate variability in irritable bowel syndrome
Authors: Jarrett M. E. , Han C. J. , Cain K. C. , Burr R. L. , Shulman R. J. , Barney P. G. , Naliboff B. D. , Zia J. , Heitkemper M. M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a heterogeneous condition with a number of pathophysiological mechanisms that appear to contribute to symptom chronicity. One of these is altered pain sensitivity.MethodsWomen between ages 18–45 were recruited the community. Of those enrolled, 56 had IBS and 36 were healthy control (HC) women. Participants completed questionnaires, kept a 4‐week symptom diary and had a 12‐h Holter placed to assess nighttime heart rate variability including high frequency power (HF), low frequency power (LF), and total power (TP). At mid‐follicular phase approximately 80% of women completed a thermal pain sensitivity test with conditioned pain modulation and visceral pain sensitivity using a water load symptom provocation (WLSP) test.Key ResultsAs expected, daily abdominal pain was significantly higher in the IBS compared to HC group. There were no differences between the bowel pattern subgroups (IBS‐diarrhea [IBS‐D], IBS‐constipation plus mixed [IBS‐CM]). Thermal pain sensitivity did not differ between the IBS and the HC groups, but was significantly higher in the IBS‐CM group than the IBS‐D group. In the WLSP test, the IBS group experienced significantly more symptom distress than HCs and the IBS‐CM group was higher than the IBS‐D group. Heart rate variability indicators did not differ between the groups or IBS subgroups. Daily abdominal pain was positively correlated with LF and TP in the IBS group.Conclusions & InferencesDespite similar levels of abdominal pain in IBS, the IBS‐CM group demonstrated greater sensitivity to both thermal and visceral testing procedures.
Maxillary tuberosity fracture and ophthalmologic complications following removal of maxillary third molar
Authors: Baba J. , Iwai T. , Endo H. , Aoki N. , Tohnai I. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThird molar removal is one of the most common procedures performed by dentists and oral surgeons. Removal of maxillary third molar is associated with a lower rate of complication compared to the mandible, and maxillary tuberosity fracture or ophthalmologic complications after removal of maxillary third molar are very rare. We report maxillary tuberosity fracture and ophthalmologic complications following removal of maxillary third molar. A 35‐year‐old female underwent removal of left maxillary third molar at private dental clinic. Following the complete extraction, excessive haemorrhage occurred and maxillary tuberosity fracture was seen and the patient was brought by ambulance to our hospital. The bleeding was controlled by vacuum‐formed splint and nasal packing. Computed tomography revealed that lateral maxillary tuberosity and posterior wall of the maxillary sinus was defect and there was a slight intraorbital haematoma via the inferior orbital fissure as well as with extension in the maxillary sinus and adjacent spaces such as buccal, masticator, pterygomaxillary and infratemporal spaces. Because an ophthalmologist noted only slight diplopia in lateral gaze without abnormal signs in other examinations and nasal and oral bleeding were controlled, the surgical treatment was not required. The patient was immediately hospitalised for close observation. Intravenous antibiotics and steroids were administered. Because swelling of the cheek and buccal mucosa was gradually decreasing without further haemorrhage, the patient was discharged 4 days after the extraction. The diplopia was recovered completely 11 days after the extraction.
Validated Measures of Illness Perception and Behavior in People with Knee Pain and Knee Osteoarthritis: A Scoping Review
Authors: Hamilton Clayon B. , Wong Ming‐Kin , Gignac Monique A.M. , Davis Aileen M. , Chesworth Bert M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo identify validated measures that capture illness perception and behavior and have been used to assess people who have knee pain/osteoarthritis.MethodsA scoping review was performed. Nine electronic databases were searched for records from inception through April 19, 2015. Search terms included illness perception, illness behavior, knee, pain, osteoarthritis, and their related terms. This review included English language publications of primary data on people with knee pain/osteoarthritis who were assessed with validated measures capturing any of 4 components of illness perception and behavior: monitor body, define and interpret symptoms, take remedial action, and utilize sources of help. Seventy‐one publications included relevant measures. Two reviewers independently coded and analyzed each relevant measure within the 4 components.ResultsSixteen measures were identified that capture components of illness perception and behavior in the target population. These measures were originally developed to capture constructs that include coping strategies/skills/styles, illness belief, illness perception, self‐efficacy, and pain behavior. Coding results indicated that 5, 11, 12, and 5 of these measures included the monitor body, define and interpret symptoms, take remedial action, and utilize sources of help components, respectively.ConclusionsSeveral validated measures were interpreted as capturing some components, and only 1 measure was interpreted as capturing all of the components of illness perception and behavior in the target population. A measure that comprehensively captures illness perception and behavior could be valuable for informing and evaluating therapy for patients along a continuum of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.
The restorer gene for soybean M‐type cytoplasmic male sterility, Rf‐m, is located in a PPR gene‐rich region on chromosome 16
Authors: Wang Dagang , Zhang Lei , Li Jiekun , Hu Guoyu , Wu Qian , Jiang Haiyan , Huang Zhiping 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOver the past decade, M‐type cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) line W931A and a variety of restorer lines have been exploited for the release of hybrid seeds in soybean (Glycine max). However, the identities of restorer genes in the nuclei of soybean restorer lines are still unclear. In this study, we analysed the inheritance pattern of restorer locus Rf‐m from restorer line WR016 and constructed a high‐resolution map of this locus. Results showed that Rf‐m in WR016 is a monogenic dominant gene located within a 162.4‐kb region on chromosome 16, which is flanked on each side by new developed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers GmSSR1602 and GmSSR1610 at a distance of 0.11 and 0.25 cM, respectively. Nineteen open reading frames (ORFs) were predicted in this region. Of these, seven genes arranged in tandem on chromosome 16 encode pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, which is similar to other reported restorer loci in plants. These results lay a solid foundation for map‐based cloning of the Rf‐m gene and will be helpful for marker‐assisted selection of elite CMS restorer lines.
In situmicroscopy reveals reversible cell wall swelling in kelp sieve tubes: one mechanism for turgor generation and flow control?
Authors: Knoblauch Jan , Tepler Drobnitch Sarah , Peters Winfried S. , Knoblauch Michael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractKelps, brown algae (Phaeophyceae) of the order Laminariales, possess sieve tubes for the symplasmic long‐distance transport of photoassimilates that are evolutionarily unrelated but structurally similar to the tubes in the phloem of vascular plants. We visualized sieve tube structure and wound responses in fully functional, intact Bull Kelp (Nereocystis luetkeana[K. Mertens] Postels & Ruprecht 1840). In injured tubes, apparent slime plugs formed but were unlikely to cause sieve tube occlusion as they assembled at the downstream side of sieve plates. Cell walls expanded massively in the radial direction, reducing the volume of the wounded sieve elements by up to 90%. Ultrastructural examination showed that a layer of the immediate cell wall characterized by circumferential cellulose fibrils was responsible for swelling and suggested that alginates, abundant gelatinous polymers of the cell wall matrix, were involved. Wall swelling was rapid, reversible and depended on intracellular pressure, as demonstrated by pressure‐injection of silicon oil. Our results revive the concept of turgor generation and buffering by swelling cell walls, which had fallen into oblivion over the last century. Because sieve tube transport is pressure‐driven and controlled physically by tube diameter, a regulatory role of wall swelling in photoassimilate distribution is implied in kelps.
Association between electroencephalographic modulation, psychotic‐like experiences and cognitive performance in the general population
Authors: Gomez‐Pilar Javier , Martín‐Santiago Oscar , Suazo Vanessa , de Azua Sonia Ruiz , Haidar Mahmoud Karim , Gallardo Ricardo , Poza Jesús , Hornero Roberto , Molina Vicente 
Published: March 2016

AimAn association between deficit of electroencephalographic (EEG) modulation during an oddball task and psychotic symptoms has been described in clinical samples, in agreement with the proposed role of altered salience in psychosis. To discard the possible influence of medication, the relation between psychotic‐like experiences (PLE) and EEG modulation in the general population was explored.MethodsEEG and PLE were assessed in 194 healthy subjects during a P300 paradigm. EEG modulation was assessed as changes from pre‐stimulus to response windows in spectral entropy (SE; a measurement of signal irregularity), median frequency (MF; a quantifier of the frequency distribution of oscillatory activity) and theta, alpha, beta‐1, beta‐2 and gamma relative power (RP; a summary of the distribution of spectral components).ResultsA significant widespread decrease in SE and MF from baseline to response was found, with a significant increase in RP for theta and a decrease for higher frequency bands, supporting an increase in EEG regularity and a slowing of brain oscillations during the response. Furthermore, a significant association was found between SE modulation and distress of negative PLE, as well as between verbal memory and RP modulation for beta‐1. Performance in verbal fluency was associated with the increase in theta RP during the response.Conclusion
EEG irregularity of healthy subjects decreased at the expense of a larger contribution of theta RP and a decreased contribution of fast frequency bands. Subjects with smaller modulation showed poorer cognitive scores and greater distress of negative PLE.
A 10‐year follow‐up of a child with mild case of xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D diagnosed by whole‐genome sequencing
Authors: Ono Ryusuke , Masaki Taro , Mayca Pozo Franklin , Nakazawa Yuka , Swagemakers Sigrid M. A. , Nakano Eiji , Sakai Wataru , Takeuchi Seiji , Kanda Fumio , Ogi Tomoo , van der Spek Peter J. , Sugasawa Kaoru , Nishigori Chikako 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundMost patients with xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group D (XP‐D) from Western countries suffer from neurological symptoms, whereas Japanese patients display only skin manifestations without neurological symptoms. We have previously suggested that these differences in clinical manifestations in XP‐D patients are attributed partly to a predominant mutation in ERCC2, and the allele frequency of S541R is highest in Japan.MethodsWe diagnosed a child with mild case of XP‐D by the evaluation of DNA repair activity and whole‐genome sequencing, and followed her ten years.ResultsSkin cancer, mental retardation, and neurological symptoms were not observed. Her minimal erythema dose was 41 mJ/cm2, which was slightly lower than that of healthy Japanese volunteers. The patient's cells showed sixfold hypersensitivity to UV in comparison with normal cells. Post‐UV unscheduled DNA synthesis was 20.4%, and post‐UV recovery of RNA synthesis was 58% of non‐irradiated samples, which was lower than that of normal fibroblasts. Genome sequence analysis indicated that the patient harbored a compound heterozygous mutation of c.1621A>C and c.591_594del, resulting in p.S541R and p.Y197* in ERCC2: then, patient was diagnosed with XP‐D. Y197* has not been described before.ConclusionHer mild skin manifestations might be attributed to the mutational site on her genome and daily strict sun protection. c.1621A>C might be a founder mutation of ERCC2 among Japanese XP‐D patients, as it was identified most frequently in Japanese XP‐D patients and it has not been found elsewhere outside Japan.
Pathogen‐induced conditioning of the primary xylem vessels – a prerequisite for the formation of bacterial emboli by Pectobacterium atrosepticum
Authors: Gorshkov V. Y. , Daminova A. G. , Mikshina P. V. , Petrova O. E. , Ageeva M. V. , Salnikov V. V. , Gorshkova T. A. , Gogolev Y. V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRepresentatives of Pectobacterium genus are some of the most harmful phytopathogens in the world. In the present study, we have elucidated novel aspects of plant–Pectobacterium atrosepticum interactions. This bacterium was recently demonstrated to form specific ‘multicellular’ structures – bacterial emboli in the xylem vessels of infected plants. In our work, we showed that the process of formation of these structures includes the pathogen‐induced reactions of the plant. The colonisation of the plant by P. atrosepticum is coupled with the release of a pectic polysaccharide, rhamnogalacturonan I, into the vessel lumen from the plant cell wall. This polysaccharide gives rise to a gel that serves as a matrix for bacterial emboli. P. atrosepticum‐caused infection involves an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the vessels, creating the conditions for the scission of polysaccharides and modification of plant cell wall composition. Both the release of rhamnogalacturonan I and the increase in ROS precede colonisation of the vessels by bacteria and occur only in the primary xylem vessels, the same as the subsequent formation of bacterial emboli. Since the appearance of rhamnogalacturonan I and increase in ROS levels do not hamper the bacterial cells and form a basis for the assembly of bacterial emboli, these reactions may be regarded as part of the susceptible response of the plant. Bacterial emboli thus represent the products of host–pathogen integration, since the formation of these structures requires the action of both partners.
The nursing role during end‐of‐life care in the intensive care unit related to the interaction between patient, family and professional: an integrative review
Authors: Noome Marijke , Beneken genaamd Kolmer Deirdre M. , van Leeuwen Evert , Dijkstra Boukje M. , Vloet Lilian C. M. 
Published: March 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to explore how intensive care unit (ICU) nurses describe their role during End‐of‐Life Care (EOLC) in the ICU, related to the interaction between patient, family and professionals (care triad).MethodThree electronic databases, PubMed, CINAHL and EMBASE, and reference lists of included studies were searched for studies in English, Dutch or German between January 2002 and August 2015. Studies were included if they presented data about EOLC in the adult ICU, and the role of ICU nurses around EOLC. Quantitative and qualitative studies and opinion articles were extracted. Inductive content analysis was carried out to analyse and categorise the data.ResultsTwenty studies were included. Four categories emerged: care for the ICU patient, care for the family, environmental aspects of EOLC and organisational aspects of EOLC. Regarding the care triad, a gap exists between theoretical models and the actual care provided by ICU nurses during EOLC. The relational aspect of care, like aimed with care triad, is absent.ConclusionThe literature clearly indicates that the role of ICU nurses concerns care for the patient, family and environment. It described which care should be given, but it remains unclear how care should be given (attitude). Therefore, it is difficult for ICU nurses to provide this care. Further, it seems that care provided to family mainly consists of giving advice on how to care for the patient; care for family members themselves was only mentioned in a few studies. Therefore, it seems that family does not always receive adequate care yet, which may be helpful in preventing problems like depression, anxiety or post‐traumatic stress disorder. It can be concluded that it is important for ICU nurses to be aware of the existing relationships; however, comparing the literature, care triad does not appear to be reached.