bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bleached extruder chemi‐mechanical pulp fiber‐PLA composites: Comparison of mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties with those of wood flour‐PLA bio‐composites
Authors: Yang Zhaozhe , Feng Xinhao , Bi Yongbao , Zhou Zhifang , Yue Jinquan , Xu Min 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTAn environmentally friendly bleached extruder chemi‐mechanical pulp fiber or wood flour was melt compounded with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) into a biocomposite and hot compression molded. The mechanical, thermal, and rheological properties were determined. The chemical composition, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy results showed that the hemicellulose in the pulp fiber raw material was almost completely removed after the pulp treatment. The mechanical tests indicated that the pulp fiber increased the tensile and flexural moduli and decreased the tensile, flexural, and impact strengths of the biocomposites. However, pulp fiber strongly reinforced the PLA matrix because the mechanical properties of pulp fiber‐PLA composites (especially the tensile and flexural strengths) were better than those of wood flour‐PLA composites. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed that both pulp fiber and wood flour accelerated the cold crystallization rate and increased the degree of crystallinity of PLA, and that this effect was greater with 40% pulp fiber. The addition of pulp fiber and wood flour modified the rheological behavior because the composite viscosity increased in the presence of fibers and decreased as the test frequency increased. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44241.
Effects of polymerization conditions on particle size distribution in styrene‐graphite suspension polymerization process
Authors: Zhang Cunwei , Li Xiangmei , Chen Si , Yang Rongjie 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSuspension polymerization in the presence of graphite has been studied in order to determine the effects of some operational parameters on the particle size distribution (PSD). The results showed that, with increasing graphite content, the particle size of the polystyrene/graphite (PS/G) beads increased. Moreover, instability of the suspension polymerization system was found at high amounts of graphite. With increasing initiator concentration, the particle size of the polymer beads increased and the PSD became slightly narrower. Changing the concentration of the suspending agent proved to be an efficient way of controlling the particle size, although its increase led to a broadening of the PSD. Adding the suspending agent in two portions at different times decreased the particle size, maintained a lower concentration of suspending agent, and kept the suspension polymerization system stable. Adjusting the stirring speed proved to be a very efficient means of manipulating the PSD of the PS/G composite beads. The Sauter mean diameter decreased and the PSD was broadened with increasing stirring speed; 400 rpm was identified as an appropriate value to obtain polystyrene/graphite beads with desirable particle size and distribution. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44270.
The North Pacific Gyre Oscillation and East Asian summer precipitation
Authors: Ye Xiaoyan , Zhang Wei , Luo Ming 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study examines the links between the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and the East Asia (EA) summer precipitation (EASP) at a decadal scale. Maximum covariance analysis reveals that NPGO is the third mode regulating the decadal variation of EASP. ‘Global warming’ and Pacific Decadal Oscillation are the first two leading modes. Associated with NPGO, EASP exhibits a north‐to‐south ‘+ − +’ tripole pattern. The related atmospheric circulations are also examined. Results demonstrate that the linkage between NPGO and EA involves two processes, namely, extratropical and tropical processes. In the extratropical process, NPGO features an eastward propagating Rossby wave over the extratropical regions; this wave intensifies and displaces the EA jet stream northward. In the tropical process, NPGO is associated with a meridional circulation over the northeastern Pacific and an anomalous Walker circulation over the tropical oceans. The anomalous Walker circulation exhibits a downward branch over the western tropical Pacific and features low‐level northerly wind over EA and western North Pacific region. The two processes strengthen the EA summer monsoon circulation and enhance the moisture transportation from oceans to northern EA; thus, the precipitation in the northern EA region increases and the precipitation in the central region decreases.
Unexpected diversity of bioluminescence in planktonic worms
Authors: Gouveneaux A. , Flood P.R. , Mallefet J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe vast majority of pelagic bioluminescent organisms emit a blue light with emission maxima (λmax) ranging from 450 to 490 nm. Among the known outliers, the tomopterids (Annelida: Polychaeta) are usually described as yellow‐emitters (λmax = 565–570 nm) for which bioluminescence functions as a specific recognition signal. Here, we report the first data regarding the colours emitted by four different tomopterid species, Tomopteris pacifica, T. carpenteri, T. septentrionalis and T. planktonis. Surprisingly, T. planktonis is a blue‐emitter (λmax = 450 nm). Our pharmacological results on T. planktonis support cholinergic control, as recently demonstrated in the yellow‐emitter, T. helgolandica. Moreover, as revealed by epifluorescence microscopy, the light seems to be produced in both species from the same yellow‐pigmented parapodial glands. Despite these similarities, tomopterids express an unexpected diversity of bioluminescent colour patterns. This leads us to reassess the ecological value of bioluminescence within this group.
Insect Antifeedant and Ixodicidal Compounds from Senecio adenotrichius
Authors: Ruiz‐Vásquez Liliana , Olmeda Angeles Sonia , Zúñiga Gustavo , Villarroel Luis , Echeverri Luis Fernando , González‐Coloma Azucena , Reina Matías 
Published: August 2016

Nine eremophilane sesquiterpenes 1 – 9, two flavonoids 11 and 12, and two known pirrolizidine alkaloids 13 and 14, were isolated from Senecio adenotrichius DC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data and by comparison with previously reported spectroscopic data of similar compounds. Compounds 5, 7, and 9 have not been previously reported as natural products. The antifeedant activity of these compounds was tested against Spodoptera litoralis and Myzus persicae. Eremophilanes 1, 3, and 8 were strong antifeedants to M. persicae, and 1 and 8 to Spodoptera littoralis. Their ixodicidal activity was tested against the tick Hyalomma lusitanicum, with eremophilanes 1, 3, and 8, being strong ixodicidal agents.
Catalytic Branching Cascades in Diversity Oriented Synthesis
Authors: Bansode Avinash H. , Chimala Prathyusha , Patil Nitin T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDiversity oriented synthesis (DOS) aims to generate small molecules with great structural diversity in an efficient manner. Recent years have witnessed significant achievements in the field, which help to validate the usefulness of DOS as a tool for the discovery of novel, biologically interesting small molecules. Catalytic branching cascades have emerged as a promising strategy because of their potential to transform a common type of substrate into diverse and distinct molecular frameworks. The details of the concept are presented herein.
Design of Raspberry‐Shaped Microcarriers with Adjustable Protrusions and Functional Groups for the Improvement of Lipase Immobilization and Biocatalysis: Environmentally Friendly Esterification of Oleic Acid for Biodiesel
Authors: Tian Lei , Zhao Panpan , Li Xue , Ali Zafar , Li Xiangjie , Zhang Baoliang , Zhang Hepeng , Zhang Qiuyu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 16/2016 is provided by researchers from Qiuyu Zhang's group, Northwestern Polytechnical University (P. R. China). The image shows raspberry‐shaped microparticles with adjustable protrusions are designed and synthetized for lipase immobilization to catalyze esterification of oleic acid for biodiesel under mild condition. See the Full Paper itself at http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201600413.
Engineering the Amine Transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis towards Branched‐Chain Substrates
Authors: Genz Maika , Melse Okke , Schmidt Sandy , Vickers Clare , Dörr Mark , van den Bergh Tom , Joosten Henk‐Jan , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChiral amines are important building blocks, especially for the pharmaceutical industry. Although amine transaminases (ATAs) are versatile enzymes to synthesize chiral amines, the wildtype enzymes do not accept ketones with two large substituents next to the carbonyl functionality. Using bioinformatic tools to design a seven‐site mutant library followed by high‐throughput screening, we were able to identify variants of the enzyme from Vibrio fluvialis (VF‐ATA) with a widened binding pocket, as exemplified for a range of ketones. Three variants allowed the asymmetric synthesis of 2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐phenylpropan‐1‐amine—not accessible by any wildtype ATA described so far. The best variant containing four mutations (L56V, W57C, F85V, V153A) gave 100 % conversion of the ketone to yield the amine with an enantiomeric excess value >99 %, notably with preference for the (R)‐enantiomer. In silico modeling enabled the reconstruction of the substrate binding mode to the newly evolved pocket and, hence, allowed explanation of the experimental results.
Simplified MATLAB Solution Schemes of Heat Transfer Equations
Authors: Bhargava Chitresh Kumar , Arya Raj Kumar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA simplified generalized finite difference solution using MATLAB has been developed for steady‐state heat transfer in a bar, slab, cylinder, and sphere. Solutions are given for all types of boundary conditions: temperature and flux boundary conditions. A generalized solution for 2D heat transfer in a slab is also developed. Solutions have been compared with analytical solutions and there is very good agreement between computed and analytical solutions. The solution can easily be extended to similar types of situations in fluid flow and mass transport operations.
Modular and Scalable Fischer‐Tropsch Reactor for Small‐Scale Gas‐to‐Liquid Production
Authors: Urban Zbigniew 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEconomy of scale implies that the capital cost per unit production in smaller‐scale plants is higher than in large‐scale production plants. A conceptual design for a scaled‐down Fischer‐Tropsch (FT) reactor is described and key performance indicators are determined and compared with those of large‐scale FT reactors. The designed scaled‐down FT reactor provides the petroleum and hydrocarbon waste processing sectors with a low‐cost and low‐risk gas‐to‐liquid technology for monetizing small‐size gas sources. An option for achieving a high conversion of syngas reactants with single‐pass operation makes it suitable for processing the associated gas that is usually flared at oil exploration and production sites.
Filterable Agents for Hyperpolarization of Water, Metabolites, and Proteins
Authors: Vuichoud Basile , Bornet Aurélien , de Nanteuil Florian , Milani Jonas , Canet Estel , Ji Xiao , Miéville Pascal , Weber Emmanuelle , Kurzbach Dennis , Flamm Andrea , Konrat Robert , Gossert Alvar D. , Jannin Sami , Bodenhausen Geoffrey 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHyperpolarization is generated by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (d‐DNP) using a polymer‐based polarizing agent dubbed FLAP (filterable labeled agents for polarization). It consists of a thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), also known as pNiPAM‐COOH, labeled with nitroxide radicals. The polymer powder is impregnated with an arbitrary solution of interest and frozen as is. Dissolution is followed by a simple filtration, leading to hyperpolarized solutions free from any contaminants. We demonstrated the use of FLAP to hyperpolarize partially deuterated water up to P(1H)=6 % with a long relaxation T1 >36 s characteristic of high purity. Water hyperpolarization can be transferred to drugs, metabolites, or proteins that are waiting in an NMR spectrometer, either by exchange of labile protons or through intermolecular Overhauser effects. We also show that FLAPs are suitable polarizing agents for 13C‐labeled metabolites such as pyruvate, acetate, and alanine.
Biomarkers for Major Depressive Disorder: Economic Considerations
Authors: Bogavac‐Stanojevic Natasa , Lakic Dragana 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a major psychiatric illness and it is predicted to be the second leading cause of disability by 2020 with a lifetime prevalence of about 13%. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most commonly used therapeutic class for MDD. However, response to SSRI treatment varies considerably between patients. Biomarkers of treatment response may enable clinicians to target the appropriate drug for each patient. Biomarkers need to have accuracy in real life, sensitivity, specificity, and relevance to depression. Introduction of MDD biomarkers into the health care system can increase the overall cost of clinical diagnosis of patients. Because of that, decisions to allocate health research funding must be based on drug effectiveness and cost‐effectiveness. The assessment of MDD biomarkers should include reliable evidence of associated drug effectiveness, adverse events and consequences (reduced productivity and quality of life, disability) and effectiveness of alternative approaches, other drug classes or behavioral or alternative therapies. In addition, all the variables included in an economic model (probabilities, outcomes, and costs) should be based on reliable evidence gained from the literature—ideally meta‐analyses—and the evidence should also be determined by informed and specific expert opinion. Early assessment can guide decisions about whether or not to continue test development, and ideally to optimize the process. Drug Dev Res 77 : 374–378, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular Mechanism and Clinical Relevance of Ketamine as Rapid‐Acting Antidepressant
Authors: Pešić Vesna , Petrović Jelena , M Jukić Marin 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

The emergence of rapid‐acting antidepressants such as ketamine has motivated studies aiming to reveal the molecular mechanism of the ketamine antidepressant effect and to enable the clinical application of rapid‐acting antidepressants. Here, we provide an overview of studies addressing the antidepressant effects of ketamine in depressed patients and animal models of depression and we compare the reduction of depressive symptoms in humans with the reduction in immobility time in the forced swim test in rodents after acute ketamine treatment. We also discuss different theories and potential biochemical pathways involved in the rapid antidepressant response to ketamine including the modulation of glutamatergic neurotransmission and intracellular hub‐kinase activation. Finally, we summarize recent brain‐region specific studies and we suggest that the activation of the ventral hippocampus—medial prefrontal cortex—dorsal raphae nuclei (vHC‐mPFC–DRN) neuronal pathway may mediate the antidepressant effect of ketamine. Although substantial progress has been made, further brain‐region specific animal studies and longitudinal clinical trials are necessary for the understanding and successful application of novel rapid‐acting antidepressants. Drug Dev Res 77 : 414–422, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of acute hyperinsulinemia on magnesium homeostasis in humans
Authors: Xu Li Hao Richie , Maalouf Naim M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundInsulin may influence magnesium homeostasis through multiple mechanisms. Acutely, it stimulates the shift of magnesium from plasma into red blood cells and platelets, and in vitro, it stimulates the activity of the TRPM6 channel, a key regulator of renal magnesium reabsorption. We investigated the impact of hyperinsulinemia on magnesium handling in participants with a wide range of insulin sensitivity.MethodForty‐seven participants were recruited, including 34 nondiabetic controls and 13 with type 2 diabetes mellitus. After stabilization under fixed metabolic diet, participants underwent hyperinsulinemic‐euglycemic clamp. Serum and urine samples were collected before and during hyperinsulinemia. Change in serum magnesium, urinary magnesium to creatinine (Mg2+:Cr) ratio, fractional excretion of urinary magnesium (FEMg2+), and estimated transcellular shift of magnesium were compared before and during hyperinsulinemia.ResultsHyperinsulinemia led to a small but statistically significant decrease in serum magnesium, and to a shift of magnesium into the intracellular compartment. Hyperinsulinemia did not significantly alter urinary magnesium to creatinine ratio or fractional excretion of urinary magnesium in the overall population, although a small but statistically significant decline in these parameters occurred in participants with diabetes. There was no significant correlation between change in fractional excretion of urinary magnesium and body mass index or insulin sensitivity measured as glucose disposal rate.ConclusionsIn human participants, acute hyperinsulinemia stimulates the shift of magnesium into cells with minimal alteration in renal magnesium reabsorption, except in diabetic patients who experienced a small decline in fractional excretion of urinary magnesium. The magnitude of magnesium shift into the intracellular compartment in response to insulin does not correlate with that of insulin‐stimulated glucose entry into cells.
Safety Assessment of Human Exposure to Intermediate Frequency Electromagnetic Fields
Authors: YAMAZAKI KENICHI , TAKI MASAO , OHKUBO CHIYOJI 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYThe “intermediate frequency” electromagnetic fields in the context of protecting human exposure have received public concerns in recent years. This is mainly due to the growing emergence of technology or products using those fields, such as induction heating (IH) cookers and wireless power transfer (WPT) systems. This paper reviews the trend of studies and guidelines for human protection related to safety assessment of human exposure to such fields.
Behavioral disorder in people with an intellectual disability and epilepsy: A report of the Intellectual Disability Task Force of the Neuropsychiatric Commission of ILAE
Authors: Kerr Mike , Linehan Christine , Brandt Christian , Kanemoto Kousuke , Kawasaki Jun , Sugai Kenji , Tadokoro Yukari , Villanueva Vicente , Wilmshurst Jo , Wilson Sarah 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe management and needs of people with intellectual disability (ID) and epilepsy are well evidenced; less so, the comorbidity of behavioral disorder in this population. “Behavioral disorder” is defined as behaviors that are difficult or disruptive, including stereotypes, difficult or disruptive behavior, aggressive behavior toward other people, behaviors that lead to injury to self or others, and destruction of property. These have an important link to emotional disturbance. This report, produced by the Intellectual Disability Task Force of the Neuropsychiatric Commission of the ILAE, aims to provide a brief review of some key areas of concern regarding behavioral disorder among this population and proposes a range of research and clinical practice recommendations generated by task force members. The areas covered in this report were identified by experts in the field as being of specific relevance to the broad epilepsy community when considering behavioral disorder in persons with epilepsy and ID; they are not intended to be exhaustive. The practice recommendations are based on the authors’ review of the limited research in this field combined with their experience supporting this population. These points are not graded but can be seen as expert opinion guiding future research and clinical practice.
Distribution of decentralized optimization convergence bounds in energy harvesting wireless sensor networks
Authors: Roseveare Nicholas J. , Alam S. M. Shafiul , Natarajan Balasubramaniam 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we attempt to uncover the fundamental limitations of implementing decentralized optimization in an energy harvesting sensor network by quantifying the impact of stochastic energy availability on convergence. Specifically, the discrete energy quanta being harvested by a network of wireless sensors are modelled via a marked Poisson process. The wireless sensors are involved in updating the Lagrange multipliers associated with the constraints for a decentralized concave optimization problem. The convergence of the corresponding Lagrange dual function is monotonically dependent upon the maximum delay in communication. The probabilistic nature of the harvested energy quanta results in a random crossover with respect to the minimum energy threshold required for successful communication. As a consequence, we investigate the probabilistic behaviour of the Lagrange dual function convergence bound under the effect of random delay considering single/multi‐hop communication among neighbouring sensors. The maximum delay distribution is derived for both deterministic and stochastic models for the energy harvested at sensor nodes. Simulation shows the efficacy of the theoretical distributions in modelling the delay dependent Lagrange dual function convergence bound behaviour. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria in late life depression antidepressant efficacy trials
Authors: Zimmerman Mark , Multach Matthew D. , Clark Heather L. , Walsh Emily , Rosenstein Lia K. , Gazarian Douglas 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveThe generalizability of antidepressant efficacy trials (AETs) has been questioned. No studies have examined the inclusion/exclusion criteria used in placebo‐controlled studies of late life depression and compared them to the criteria used in non‐late life AETs.MethodWe conducted a comprehensive literature review of placebo‐controlled AETs published from January, 1995 through December, 2014. We compared the inclusion/exclusion criteria used in the 18 studies of late life depression to those used in non‐late life depression.ResultsThere were nine inclusion/exclusion criteria that were used in more than half of the late life depression AETs: minimum severity on a symptom severity scale (100.0%), significant suicidal ideation (77.8%), psychotic features during the current episode of depression or history of a psychotic disorder (94.4%), history of bipolar disorder (77.8%), diagnosis of alcohol or drug abuse or dependence (83.3%), presence of a comorbid nondepressive, nonsubstance use Axis I disorder (55.6%), episode duration too short (66.7%), and an insufficient score on a cognitive screen (88.3%) or the presence of a cognitive disorder (55.6%). There were some differences between the late life and non‐late life depression studies—use of a screening measure of cognitive functioning, presence of a cognitive disorder such as dementia, and the minimum depression severity cutoff score required at baseline.ConclusionsThe inclusion/exclusion criteria in AETs of late life depression were generally similar to the criteria used in non‐late life depression AETs. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.