bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Vitamin D Supplementation on Metabolic Status of Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Maktabi Maryam , Chamani Maryam , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: July 2017

AbstractData on the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic status of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are scarce. The current study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic status of patients with PCOS. This randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed on 70 vitamin D-deficient (serum concentrations<20 ng/ml) women with phenotype B-PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria aged 18–40 years old. Participants were randomly allocated into 2 groups to take either 50 000 IU vitamin D (n=35) or placebo (n=35) every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Metabolic, endocrine, inflammation, and oxidative stress biomarkers were quantified at the beginning of the study and after 12-week intervention. After the 12-week intervention, compared to the placebo, vitamin D supplementation significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (−3.1±7.3 vs. +0.5±6.3 mg/dl, p=0.02), insulin (−1.4±3.6 vs. +2.6±7.0 μIU/ml, p=0.004), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated insulin resistance (−0.3±0.8 vs. +0.6±1.6, p=0.003), homeostasis model of assessment-estimated B cell function (−4.9±13.4 vs. +9.9±26.9, p=0.005), and increased quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (+0.01±0.01 vs. −0.02±0.05, p=0.007). Supplementation with vitamin D also led to significant reductions in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (−0.7±1.4 vs. +0.5±2.1 μg/mL, p=0.009) and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels (−0.1±0.5 vs. +0.9±2.1 μmol/l, p=0.01) compared to the placebo. Overall, vitamin D supplementation for 12 weeks in vitamin D-deficient women with phenotype B-PCOS had beneficial effects on glucose homeostasis parameters, hs-CRP, and MDA.
The Effect of Aromatase on the Reproductive Function of Obese Males
Authors: Xu Xiaolin , Sun Mingqi , Ye Jifeng , Luo Dandan , Su Xiaohui , Zheng Dongmei , Feng Li , Gao Ling , Yu Chunxiao , Guan Qingbo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObesity has increased dramatically worldwide, which is associated with male infertility. Androgen deficiency, impaired spermatogenesis, and erectile dysfunction are characteristics of male infertility. The balance of androgens and estrogens is essential for maintaining normal reproductive function in males. Aromatase, the rate-limiting enzyme in the conversion of androgens into estrogens, is present in various tissues. The expression of aromatase is proportional to body fat mass and causes more fat accumulation, thus forming a vicious cycle. Excessive aromatase activity in adipose tissue leads to increased conversion of androgens into estrogens, eventually results in a reduction of testosterone levels and is the underlying reason for obesity-related infertility. In the male reproductive system, all testicular somatic cells and germ cells express aromatase, except for peritubular myoid cells. The results of studies regarding the effect of aromatase in testicular somatic cells and germ cells have been contradictory. The effect of estrogens in testicular somatic cells is inhibitory, leading to reduced testosterone levels and sperm production; however, it has been observed that aromatase participates in the acquisition of sperm motility. The overall effect of estrogen modulation is an inhibition of spermatogenesis. Aromatase inhibitors are an effective therapy for obesity-associated hypogonadism because they restore normal sex hormone levels and improve semen parameters. This article systematically introduces the basic knowledge of aromatase and provides information of the current advances relating to aromatase in male reproductive function. Increasing our knowledge on the role of aromatase in male obesity could help in proposing new approaches to treat infertile men.
Versorgungsforschung – ICD-Diagnosesicherheit ambulanter Krebserkrankungen
Authors: Blaich Cornelia 
Published: July 2017

Czwikla J et al. ICD-Codierqualität ambulanter Krebsdiagnosen in GKV-Routinedaten. Z Evid Fortbild Qual Gesundhwesen. 2016; 118–119:
48–55
Brust- und Prostatakrebs stellen die häufigste Tumorlokalisation bei Frauen und Männern dar, gefolgt von Darmkrebs als dritt- bzw.
zweithäufigste Lokalisation. Früherkennung und Absicherung der Diagnose tragen maßgeblich zum Therapieerfolg bei. Die Kodierqualität
nach ICD-10-GM im ambulanten Bereich ist jedoch limitiert. In einer Kohortenstudie wurde nun die ICDKodierqualität ambulanter
Krebsdiagnosen analysiert.
Atmung – Standardisierte Checkliste macht Intubation von Neugeborenen sicherer
Authors: Weiß Maria 
Published: July 2017

Hatch LD. et al. Intervention To Improve Patient Safety During Intubation in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Pediatrics 2016; 138:
e20160069
Kinder auf der Neugeborenen-Intensivstation sind besonders durch Komplikationen während des Krankenhausaufenthaltes gefährdet. Dies gilt
auch für die Intubation, die relativ häufig mit unerwünschten Ereignissen einhergeht. US-amerikanische Neonatologen haben jetzt
untersucht, durch welche Maßnahmen sich die Komplikationsrate bei Intubationen in ihrem Perinatal- Zentrum senken lässt.
Effects of a New Artificial Reef Complex on Red Snapper and the Associated Fish Community: an Evaluation Using a Before–After Control–Impact Approach
Authors: Streich Matthew K. , Ajemian Matthew J. , Wetz Jennifer J. , Shively J. Dale , Shipley J. Brooke , Stunz Gregory W. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Artificial reefs are commonly created with the goal of enhancing fish populations. However, many studies evaluating their effects on these populations have been hindered by a lack of preconstruction data from existing natural habitats and temporal comparisons with control areas. Here, we present findings from a before–after control–impact study designed to assess the effects of a new artificial reef on fish populations in the western Gulf of Mexico. Vertical line and fish traps were used to sample the reef site and a paired control site with soft bottom substrates for 1 year before and 2 years after reef construction. Prior to reef construction in October 2013, and over bare substrates in general, infrequent catches of sea catfishes and small coastal sharks were observed. With the exception of rare occurrences of juvenile Gray Triggerfish Balistes capriscus and Red Snapper Lutjanus campechanus, which were observed only during the summer recruitment season, the control site exhibited a lack of reef species. In contrast, we documented dramatic increases in the frequency of occurrence and abundance of multiple reef species at the reef site following the addition of structured habitat. Distinct cohorts of Red Snapper could be followed through time suggesting site fidelity, and few fish greater than age 2 years were captured indicating limited migration of older fish from other areas. Given that the reef supported high densities of juvenile Red Snapper that were in good condition, growing quickly, and protected from potential shrimp trawl mortality, export of juveniles (i.e., production) to the adult population was evident and likely greater on a per-unit-area basis than for the control site. Our study highlights the potential benefits of artificial reefs to species like Red Snapper; however, future studies should investigate the relative roles of emigration and fishing mortality to better understand the effects of these structures on reef fish population dynamics.
VICTOR: genome-based phylogeny and classification of prokaryotic viruses
Authors: Meier-Kolthoff Jan P , Göker Markus 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Motivation
Bacterial and archaeal viruses are crucial for global biogeochemical cycles and might well be game-changing therapeutic agents in the fight against multi-resistant pathogens. Nevertheless, it is still unclear how to best use genome sequence data for a fast, universal and accurate taxonomic classification of such viruses.

Results
We here present a novel in silico framework for phylogeny and classification of prokaryotic viruses, in line with the principles of phylogenetic systematics, and using a large reference dataset of officially classified viruses. The resulting trees revealed a high agreement with the classification. Except for low resolution at the family level, the majority of taxa was well supported as monophyletic. Clusters obtained with distance thresholds chosen for maximizing taxonomic agreement appeared phylogenetically reasonable, too. Analysis of an expanded dataset, containing &gt;4000 genomes from public databases, revealed a large number of novel species, genera, subfamilies and families.

Availability and implementation
The selected methods are available as the easy-to-use web service ‘VICTOR’ at https://victor.dsmz.de.

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
On Real and Rational Characters in Blocks
Authors: Navarro Gabriel , Robinson Geoffrey R , Tiep Pham Huu 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The principal $p$-block of a finite group $G$ contains only one real-valued irreducible ordinary character exactly when $G/{{\bf O}_{p'}(G)}$ has odd order. For $p \ne 3$, the same happens with rational-valued characters. We also prove an analogue for $p$-Brauer characters with $p \geq 3$.
Neuro-immune interactions in allergic diseases: novel targets for therapeutics
Authors: Voisin Tiphaine , Bouvier Amélie , Chiu Isaac M 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted an emerging role for neuro-immune interactions in mediating allergic diseases. Allergies are caused by an overactive immune response to a foreign antigen. The peripheral sensory and autonomic nervous system densely innervates mucosal barrier tissues including the skin, respiratory tract and gastrointestinal (GI) tract that are exposed to allergens. It is increasingly clear that neurons actively communicate with and regulate the function of mast cells, dendritic cells, eosinophils, Th2 cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells in allergic inflammation. Several mechanisms of cross-talk between the two systems have been uncovered, with potential anatomical specificity. Immune cells release inflammatory mediators including histamine, cytokines or neurotrophins that directly activate sensory neurons to mediate itch in the skin, cough/sneezing and bronchoconstriction in the respiratory tract and motility in the GI tract. Upon activation, these peripheral neurons release neurotransmitters and neuropeptides that directly act on immune cells to modulate their function. Somatosensory and visceral afferent neurons release neuropeptides including calcitonin gene-related peptide, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide, which can act on type 2 immune cells to drive allergic inflammation. Autonomic neurons release neurotransmitters including acetylcholine and noradrenaline that signal to both innate and adaptive immune cells. Neuro-immune signaling may play a central role in the physiopathology of allergic diseases including atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergies. Therefore, getting a better understanding of these cellular and molecular neuro-immune interactions could lead to novel therapeutic approaches to treat allergic diseases.
The design of environmental markets: What have we learned from experience with cap and trade?
Authors: Schmalensee Richard , Stavins Robert N 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This article reviews the design of environmental markets for pollution control over the past 30 years, and identifies key market-design lessons for future applications. The focus is on a subset of the cap-and-trade systems that have been implemented, planned, or proposed around the world. Three criteria led us to the selection of systems for review. First, among the broader class of tradable permit systems, our focus is exclusively on cap-and-trade mechanisms, thereby excluding emission-reduction-credit or offset programmes. Second, among cap-and-trade mechanisms, we examine only those that target pollution abatement, and so we do not include applications to natural resource management, such as individual transferable quota systems used to regulate fisheries. Third, we focus on the most prominent applications—those that are particularly important environmentally, economically, or both.
Social Media Use Before Bed and Sleep Disturbance Among Young Adults in the United States: A Nationally Representative Study
Authors: Levenson Jessica C , Shensa Ariel , Sidani Jaime E , Colditz Jason B , Primack Brian A 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Study Objectives
Social media (SM) use has been positively associated with disturbed sleep among young adults. However, previous studies have not elucidated the specific importance of SM use immediately before bed. We aimed to determine the independent association of SM use during the 30 minutes before bed and disturbed sleep while controlling for covariates including total SM use throughout the day.

Methods
We assessed a nationally representative sample of 1763 US young adults aged 19–32. Participants estimated to what extent they used SM in the 30 minutes before bed. We assessed sleep disturbance using the brief Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS®) Sleep Disturbance measure. After testing the proportional odds assumption, we used ordered logistic regression to compute the independent association between SM use before bed and sleep disturbance controlling for covariates, including total SM use.

Results
Compared with those who rarely or very rarely check SM in the 30 minutes before bed, those who often or very often check SM at that time had an adjusted odds ratio of 1.62 (95% confidence interval = 1.31–2.34) for increased sleep disturbance. Additionally, we found a significant linear trend in the odds ratios between the frequency of checking SM in the 30 minutes before bed and increased sleep disturbance (p = .007). Results were consistent in all sensitivity analyses.

Conclusions
SM use in the 30 minutes before bed is independently associated with disturbed sleep among young adults. Future work should use qualitative and experimental methods to further elucidate the directionality of—and mechanisms underlying—this association.
The interactive impact of root branch order and soil genetic horizon on root respiration and nitrogen concentration
Authors: Trocha Lidia K. , Bułaj Bartosz , Kutczyńska Paulina , Mucha Joanna , Rutkowski Paweł , Zadworny Marcin 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In general, respiration (RS) is highly correlated with nitrogen concentration (N) in plant organs, including roots, which exhibit a positive N–RS relationship. Less is known, however, about the relationship between N and RS in roots of different branch orders within an individual tree along a vertical soil profile; this is especially true in trees with contrasting life strategies, such as pioneer Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) vs mid-successional sessile oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.). In the present research, the impact of root branch order, as represented by those with absorptive vs transporting ability, and soil genetic horizon on root N, RS and the N–RS relationship was examined. Mean RS and total N concentration differed significantly among root branch orders and was significantly higher in absorptive roots than in transporting roots. The soil genetic horizon differentially affected root RS in Scots pine vs sessile oak. The genetic horizon mostly affected RS in absorptive roots of Scots pine and transporting roots in sessile oak. Root N was the highest in absorptive roots and most affected by soil genetic horizon in both tree species. Root N was not correlated with soil N, although N levels were higher in roots growing in fertile soil genetic horizons. Overall, RS in different root branch orders was positively correlated with N in both species. The N–RS relationship in roots, pooled by soil genetic horizon, was significant in both species, but was only significant in sessile oak when roots were pooled by root branch order. In both tree species, a significant interaction was found between the soil genetic horizon and root branch order with root function; however, species-specific responses were found. Both root N, which was unaffected by soil N, and the positive N–RS relationship consistently observed in different genetic horizons suggest that root function prevails over environmental factors, such as soil genetic horizon.
Physiological tolerance of the early life history stages of fresh water prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergiiDe Man, 1879) to environmental stress
Authors: John Jojy , Siva Vinu S , Kumar Amit , Ebenezer Vinitha , Raika Philimon , Khalifa Umer , Thanumalya Subramoniam , Sanjeevi Prakash 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGlobal climate change is transforming life on earth, causing widespread effects on all ecosystems. Among marine ecosystems, estuaries are considered as nursery grounds for marine and fresh water species.M. rosenbergii, a euryhaline species, migrate to the estuaries for breeding and spawning. The subsequent larval rearing takes place by experiencing variations in temperature and salinity conditions. The present study examines the effect of different temperature and salinity on the larval development and survival by observations on stored yolk utilization, cardiac performance, as well as changes in the rate of growth in body appendages and larval activity. The larvae showed 100% mortality at higher temperature (33.5 ± 0.5 °C) in all the salinity conditions (12 PPT, 15 PPT, and 20 PPT). The survival rate varied between 76-96 % on exposure to lesser temperature conditions. Likewise, the post-embryonic yolk lasted for 4 days at ambient temperature (29 °C); whereas, at 33.5 ± 0.5 °C, it lasted only for 2-3 days. There was an increase in total length of larvae, when exposed to higher temperature and salinity, independently or in combination, but at 33.5 ± 0.5 °C under all salinity conditions the larvae died on the 5thday. For the cardiac performance, larval heart beat (fH) significantly increased for higher temperature and salinity conditions (20 PPT; 33.5 °C) and lowered at ambient condition 12 PPT; 29°C. Larval stroke volumeVs, and Cardiac output Q□ were higher in ambient conditions and lowest in higher temperature and salinity conditions. However, temperature and salinity together did not show any significant effect on cardiac performance. On the other hand, the larval activity decreased significantly at higher temperature and salinity conditions, compared to ambient conditions but the interactive effect did not show any change. Thus, the physiological responses to temperature and salinity by the early life stages ofM. rosenbergiicould restrain the tolerance capability of the organism, thereby interfering in the successful completion of the larval development under the altered climatic conditions.
ShapeRotator: an R tool for standardised rigid rotations of articulated Three-Dimensional structures with application for geometric morphometrics
Authors: Vidal-García Marta , Bandara Lashi , Keogh J. Scott 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe quantification of complex morphological patterns typically involves comprehensive shape and size analyses, usually obtained by gathering morphological data from all the structures that capture the phenotypic diversity of an organism or object. Articulated structures are a critical component of overall phenotypic diversity, but data gathered from these structures are difficult to incorporate in to modern analyses because of the complexities associated with jointly quantifying 3D shape in multiple structures.While there are existing methods for analysing shape variation in articulated structures in Two-Dimensional (2D) space, these methods do not work in 3D, a rapidly growing area of capability and research.Here we describe a simple geometric rigid rotation approach that removes the effect of random translation and rotation, enabling the morphological analysis of 3D articulated structures. Our method is based on Cartesian coordinates in 3D space so it can be applied to any morphometric problem that also uses 3D coordinates (e.g. spherical harmonics). We demonstrate the method by applying it to a landmark-based data set for analysing shape variation using geometric morphometrics.We have developed an R tool (ShapeRotator) so that the method can be easily implemented in the commonly used R packagegeomorphandMorphoJsoftware. This method will be a valuable tool for 3D morphological analyses in articulated structures by allowing an exhaustive examination of shape and size diversity.
Evidence of compensation in the brain networks of Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer’s disease patients
Authors: Peraza Luis R. , Cromarty Ruth , Kobeleva Xenia , Firbank Michael J. , Killen Alison , Graziadio Sara , Thomas Alan J. , O’Brien John T. , Taylor John-Paul 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) require differential management despite presenting with symptomatic overlap. A human electrophysiological difference is a decrease of dominant frequency (DF) −the highest power frequency between 4-15Hz– in DLB; a characteristic of Parkinsonian diseases. We analysed electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings from old adults: healthy controls (HCs), AD, DLB and Parkinson’s disease dementia (PDD) patients. Brain networks were assessed with the minimum spanning tree (MST) within six EEG bands: delta, theta, high-theta, alpha, beta and DF. Patients showed lower alpha band connectivity and lower DF than HCs. Lewy body dementias showed a randomised MST compared with HCs and AD in high-theta and alpha but not within the DF. The MST randomisation in DLB and PDD reflects decreased brain efficiency as well as impaired neural synchronisation. However, the lack of network topology differences at the DF indicates a compensatory response of the brain to the neuropathology.
CRISPR/Cas9-APEX-mediated proximity labeling enables discovery of proteins associated with a predefined genomic locus in living cells
Authors: Myers Samuel A , Wright Jason , Zhang Feng , Carr Steven A 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe activation or repression of a gene’s expression is primarily controlled by changes in the proteins that occupy its regulatory elements. The most common method to identify proteins associated with genomic loci is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP). While having greatly advanced our understanding of gene expression regulation, ChIP requires specific, high quality, IP-competent antibodies against nominated proteins, which can limit its utility and scope for discovery. Thus, a method able to discover and identify proteins associated with a particular genomic locus within the native cellular context would be extremely valuable. Here, we present a novel technology combining recent advances in chemical biology, genome targeting, and quantitative mass spectrometry to develop genomic locus proteomics, a method able to identify proteins which occupy a specific genomic locus.