bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid hormone levels in late preterm, early term and term infants: a study with healthy neonates revealing reference values and factors affecting thyroid hormones
Authors: Aktas Ozge Nur , Gursoy Tugba , Soysal Elif , Esencan Ecem , Ercin Secil 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground:Thyroid function tests in neonates have been challenging to interpret because their levels are affected by several neonatal and delivery-related factors. The aim of the study was to evaluate reference values of thyroxine (T4) and thyrotropin (TSH) levels in different gestational age groups and to demonstrate the affect of perinatal factors on thyroid hormones.Methods:Medical records of 7616 neonates whose gestational age ranges between 34 and 42 weeks were analyzed retrospectively. Gender, mode of delivery, gestational age, postnatal age and birth weight were noted together with TSH and T4 levels.Results:Gestational age (r=0.14, p<0.001) and birth weight (r=0.12, p<0.001) had positive correlation with T4 levels, whereas they had no effect on TSH levels. Males had higher TSH and lower T4 levels (p=0.001 for both) compared with females. T4 levels of babies born via vaginal delivery were lower than the ones born via cesarean section (p=0.01). Multivariable analysis yielded gestational age as the only factor affecting T4 levels (p<0.001). T4 and TSH levels based on 2.5–97.5 percentile cutoffs according to gestational age were presented.Conclusions:The thyroid hormone ranges given in this study can help pediatricians to interpret the thyroid hormone results with ease.
The relationship between non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among overweight and obese children and adolescents
Authors: Belei Oana , Olariu Laura , Dobrescu Andreea , Marcovici Tamara , Marginean Otilia 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackground:The increasing rate of obesity and overweight among children has highlighted nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) as the most common cause of chronic pediatric liver diseases. There are many publications supporting the idea that gut microbiota is altered in NAFLD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD among overweight and obese children with and without small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) compared to a control group and to assess if intestinal dysbiosis represents a risk factor for NAFLD.Methods:One hundred and twenty-five overweight and obese children aged 10–18 years and 120 controls matched for age and gender were enrolled. SIBO was assessed by glucose hydrogen breath test (GHBT) in all subjects. NAFLD was assessed in all children using abdominal imaging and laboratory findings.Results:Of 125 obese children enrolled, 47 (37.6%) presented intestinal dysbiosis and 78 (62.4%) were SIBO negative. Only four (3.3%) controls were SIBO positive. NAFLD was detected in 28/47 (59.5%) of the SIBO positive obese group, compared to 8/78 (10.2%) of the SIBO negative obese group (p<0.001) and 0/120 (0%) controls (p<0.001). Children from the SIBO positive obese group had higher rates of elevated aminotransferases levels: aspartate aminotransferases (ASAT) (53.1% vs. 6.4%; p<0.001) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) (59.5% vs. 7.6%; p<0.001), hypertension (23.4% vs. 5.1%; p=0.002) and metabolic syndrome (44.6% vs. 9%; p=0.002) compared to the SIBO negative obese group.Conclusions:Obese children with SIBO have an increased risk for developing NAFLD. The relationship between intestinal dysbiosis and diet can influence the gut-liver axis.
Autumn food habits of the brown bear Ursus arctos in the Golestan National Park: a pilot study in Iran
Authors: Soofi Mahmood , Qashqaei Ali Turk , Aryal Achyut , Coogan Sean C.P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Food consumed by brown bears in the Golestan National Park in Iran was analyzed during autumn 2011. We identified 22 food items in 61 scats, with the most important food items being hawthorn fruit, cherry plum fruit and chestnut-leaved oak hard mast, based on importance value (IV) estimates of 26.4%, 18.1% and 12.9%, respectively. The overall bear diet (percent digestible dry matter) was composed of 77.9% soft mast (i.e. fruit), 21.3% hard mast and small proportions of other vegetation (0.3%) or animal matter (0.4%). One anthropogenic food was identified (vine grape) and was of minor importance (IV=0.2%).
Crystal structure of potassium 1-methyl-1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazole-5-thiolate, C2H3N4SK
Authors: Wang Xiuhang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
C2H3N4SK, orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), a = 13.874(2) Å, b = 6.5644(11) Å, c = 6.6911(11) Å, V = 609.39(17) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.02345, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0594, T = 296 K.
Crystal structure of the salt 1,1′-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-1-ium) diperchlorate, C14H28N4(ClO4)2
Authors: Wen Gao-Ju , Gu Lian-Shuai 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
C14H28N4O8Cl2, monoclinic, P21/n a = 8.7538(18) Å, b = 11.393(2) Å, c = 9.942(4) Å, β = 97.50(3)°, V = 983.1(5) Å3, Z = 2, R
gt(F) = 0.0706, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.2036, T = 293(2) K.
Crystal structure of guanidinium tetraethylammonium carbonate dihydrate, C10H30N4O5
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Zhu Linlin 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
C10H30N4O5, orthorhombic, Pna21, a = 18.1934(5) Å, b = 7.25480(10) Å, c = 11.8168(2) Å, V = 1559.69(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0358, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0978, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of the Matrine derivative: 12-(1H-indol-1-yl)dodecahydro-1H,5H,10H-dipyrido[2,1-f:3′,2′,1′-ij][1,6]naphthyridin-10-one hydrate, C23H29N3O
Authors: Xing-An Cheng , Zhan-Mei Liu , Wei-Xin Liang , Bo Wu , Xu-Hong Jiang 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
C23H29N3O, orthorhombic P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.62130(10) Å, b = 18.25770(10) Å, c = 25.6873(2) Å, V = 4043.31(6) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0305, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0807, T = 293(2) K.
Hall and ion-slip effects on mixed convection in a chemically reacting fluid between rotating and stationary disks
Authors: Shiferaw A. Mekonnen , RamReddy Ch. , Pradeepa T. , Mathunjwa J.S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A steady incompressible chemically reacting fluid between two disks under the influence of cross-diffusion, Hall and ion-slip effects is studied by assuming the lower disk is rotating and the upper disk is stationary. The system of nonlinear differential equations representing velocity, temperature and concentration is solved numerically using spectral quasi-linearisation method. The effects of chemical reaction, Hall current and ion-slip, Dufour and Soret on velocity, temperature and concentration distributions are studied. The stress, rate of heat and mass transfers are discussed for various parameters and the results are displayed in the tabular form. It is found that increasing Hall parameter decreases the temperature and concentration, and the opposite trend observed when ion-slip parameter increased. The concentration reduces with the enhance of the chemical reaction parameter and Soret number.
Increasing the Size of the Pie: The Impact of Crowding on Nonprofit Sector Resources
Authors: Beaton Erynn , Hwang Hyunseok 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe number of nonprofit organizations is rapidly increasing, which has led nonprofit practitioners to complain of funding scarcity, nonprofit scholars to closely study nonprofit competition, and policymakers to consider increasing nonprofit barriers to entry. Underlying each of these perspectives is an assumption of limited financial resources. We empirically examine this assumption using county-level panel data on nonprofit human services organizations from the National Center for Charitable Statistics. Contrary to the limited resources assumption, our fixed-effects models show that increasing nonprofit density, at its current levels, has the effect of increasing sector financial resources in each county. We suggest that these findings prompt a tradeoff for policymakers. A sector with free market entry results in a nonprofit sector with more, smaller nonprofits, but such a sector may have the capacity to serve more people because it has more total sector financial resources. Conversely, a sector with higher barriers to entry would translate to a sector with fewer, larger nonprofits with less overall capacity due to fewer sector financial resources.
Facile and sustainable functionalization of graphene layers with pyrrole compounds
Authors: Barbera Vincenzina , Bernardi Andrea , Palazzolo Alberto , Rosengart Alessandro , Brambilla Luigi , Galimberti Maurizio 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
A facile and sustainable functionalization of graphene layers was performed with pyrrole compounds (PyC) prepared through the Paal–Knorr reaction of a primary amine with 2,5-hexanedione. A good number of primary amines were used: hexanamine, dodecanamine, octadecanamine, 2-aminoacetic acid, 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, 3-(triethoxysilyl)propan-1-amine. The reactions were characterized by good yield, up to 96%, and indeed satisfactory atom efficiency, up to 80%. The functionalization of graphene layers was obtained by mixing PyC with a high surface area graphite and heating at a temperature range from 130°C to 150°C for 3 h. The yield of functionalization reaction was larger than 60% and also up to about 90% for the pyrrole compounds from dodecanamine and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol, respectively. The cycloaddition reaction between the graphene layers and the pyrrole compound, oxidized in two position, is proposed as working hypothesis to account for such efficient functionalization. Raman spectroscopy revealed that the structure of the graphitic substrate remained substantially unaltered, after the reaction. Stable dispersions of HSAG adducts with different PyC were prepared in solvents with different solubility parameters and HRTEM analysis showed the presence of aggregates of only few layers of graphene. Qualitative results of dispersion tests were used to calculate the Hansen sphere for the HSAG adduct with the pyrrole compound based on dodecanamine so to provide a first estimate of its Hansen solubility parameters. This work paves the way for the facile and sustainable modification of the solubility parameters of graphene layers and for the predictive assessment of their compatibility with different environments.
Development of advanced, non-toxic, synthetic radiation shielding aggregate
Authors: Mudgal Manish , Chouhan Ramesh Kumar , Verma Sarika , Amritphale Sudhir Sitaram , Das Satyabrata , Shrivastva Arvind 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
For the first time in the world, the capability of red mud waste has been explored for the development of advanced synthetic radiation shielding aggregate. Red mud, an aluminium industry waste consists of multi component, multi elemental characteristics. In this study, red mud from two different sources have been utilized. Chemical formulation and mineralogical designing of the red mud has been done by ceramic processing using appropriate reducing agent and additives. The chemical analysis, SEM microphotographs and XRD analysis confirms the presence of multi-component, multi shielding and multi-layered phases in both the different developed advance synthetic radiation shielding aggregate. The mechanical properties, namely aggregate impact value, aggregate crushing value and aggregate abrasion value have also been evaluated and was compared with hematite ore aggregate and found to be an excellent material useful for making advanced radiation shielding concrete for the construction of nuclear power plants and other radiation installations.
Effects of γ irradiation on bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid supported by macroporous silica-based polymeric resins
Authors: Shu Qiding , Khayambashi Afshin , Wang Xinpeng , Wang Xiaolong , Feng Lei , Wei Yuezhou 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) is one of the most intensively used extractants in solvent extraction, and its particular interest lies in the its application in nuclear fuel cycle as an extractant supported by macroporous silica-based polymeric resins in solid phase extraction technique. In this study, HDEHP/SiO2-P was synthesized by impregnation and immobilization, and we mainly focused on its radiation-resistant properties against γ-rays. It was found that HDEHP/SiO2-P still had good adsorption and separation properties after γ-irradiation by batch experiment. The uptake capacity of Gd(III) towards HDEHP/SiO2-P decreased slightly after irradiation. HDEHP/SiO2-P did not show any changes in the characterization of infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis before and after irradiation. UPLC-Q-TOF-MS was employed to investigate the reaction mechanism in radiolysis of HDEHP in irradiated filter liquor. HDEHP/SiO2-P had a satisfactory radiation-resistance and chemical stability, even though it was exposed to the high absorbed dose of 500 kGy by γ-rays.
Plutonium leaching from polycrystalline and monocrystalline PuO2
Authors: Zubekhina Bella Yu. , Burakov Boris E. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Plutonium dioxide samples have been studied by static leach tests at a temperature of 25 and 90°C. A normalized Pu mass loss was observed from polycrystalline (without correction for matrix porosity) and monocrystalline 239PuO2 samples occurring at a rate of 10−4–10−3 g/m2 in distilled water. This is comparable with some ceramic waste forms proposed for Pu immobilization. In contrast, the Pu release rate for polycrystalline 239PuO2 samples doped with 238Pu is significantly higher for distilled water and acidic solution, ranging from 10−2 to 10−1 g/m2.
Impact of uranium carbide organics treated by prolonged boiling and electrochemical oxidation upon uranium and plutonium solvent extraction
Authors: Maher Chris J. , Bouyer Christine , Griffiths Tamara L. , Legand Solène , Leturcq Gilles , Miguirditchian Manuel , Sarsfield Mark 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The dissolution of uranium or uranium-plutonium carbide fuel in nitric acid leads to ~50% carbon evolved as carbon dioxide, the remainder remains in the solution as soluble organics. These dissolved organic molecules interfere with the solvent extraction of uranium and plutonium by complexing to the actinide ions and decreasing the efficiency of their extraction. Experiments reported here describe two series of experiments assessing the uranium carbide dissolution liquor treatment by prolonged boiling and electrochemical oxidation. Plutonium losses to aqueous and solvent raffinates are observed for untreated liquors, highlighting that mineralisation of dissolved organics is necessary to reduce the complexing effects of organic acids to an extent that permit efficient operation of a solvent extraction process both in the first solvent use (considered here) and for maintaining solvent quality during industrial solvent reuse in the highly active cycle. Solution carbon analysis and 30% TBP solvent extraction batch tests of uranium and plutonium originating from dissolved uranium carbide liquors untreated and after treatment are compared. These experiments demonstrate the reprocessing of uranium carbides by direct dissolution coupled to a mineralisation process, can achieve near quantitative uranium and high plutonium recoveries (99.9%).
Radiolysis products and degradation mechanism studies on tri-isoamyl phosphate (TiAP)
Authors: Li Ruifen , Cao Xiaojun , Zhao Haogui , Liu Chunxia , Li Zheng , Wang Jinhua , Zhang Lan , Li Qinguan 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
As an alternate extractant for spent fuel reprocessing, the radiolysis properties of TiAP should be systematically studied to evaluate the feasibility of using it in engineering scale. In this paper, the irradiation stability of TiAP was investigated by using the concept of radiolysis ratio and G value. It is found the extent of radiolysis would be increased with the increasing of absorbed doses, but decreased with the increasing of pre-equilibrium aqueous HNO3 concentration. Furthermore, the radiolysis products were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively with gas, liquid and ion chromatograph, based on which the possible radiolysis mechanism of TiAP was also concluded.
Study of the radioactivity in environmental soil samples from Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey
Authors: Turhan Şeref , Gören Elif , Uğur Fatma Aysun , Karataşlı Muhammet , Yeğingil Zehra 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this study, a detailed γ-ray spectrometer survey was performed to obtain the baseline data on natural and fallout radioactivity in soil samples (10–30 cm depth) collected from Iğdır which is a province in Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey and located along the border with Armenia. Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant in Eastern Armenia is only about 20 km away from Iğdır province. The average activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K and 137Cs in the soil samples were found as 19.1±0.6 (range: 12.8–31.2 Bq kg−1), 21.9±0.6 (range: 11.6–36.8 Bq kg−1), 437.7±10.3 (range: 285.0–613.7 Bq kg−1) and 11.8±1.1 Bq kg−1, (range: 2.5–51.1 Bq kg−1), respectively. The radiological hazards caused by ionizing radiation emitted from these radionuclides on the population living in the region were assessed by estimating radiological parameters such as absorbed γ dose rate in outdoor and the corresponding annual effective dose rate from external exposure, annual effective dose rate from inhalation of radon and excess lifetime cancer risk. The results revealed that there is no significant radiological hazard for human population because the average values of radiological parameters are within the recommended limits.
Interaction of Three Interfacial Cracks between an Orthotropic Half-Plane Bonded to a Dissimilar Orthotropic Layer with Punch
Authors: Mishra P.K. , Singh P. , Das S. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article deals with the interactions between a central crack and a pair of outer cracks situated at the interface of an orthotropic elastic half-plane bonded to a dissimilar orthotropic layer with a punch. The problem is reduced to the solution of three simultaneous singular integral equations that are finally solved using Jacobi polynomials. The phenomena of crack shielding and crack amplification have been depicted through graphs for different particular cases.
Nonlinear Stage of Modulation Instability for a Fifth-Order Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Jia Hui-Xian , Shan Dong-Ming 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
In this article, a fifth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation, which can be used to characterise the solitons in the optical fibre and inhomogeneous Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin system, has been investigated. Akhmediev breather, Kuzentsov soliton, and generalised soliton have all been attained via the Darbox transformation. Propagation and interaction for three-type breathers have been studied: the types of breather are determined by the module and complex angle of parameter ξ; interaction between Akhmediev breather and generalised soliton displays a phase shift, whereas the others do not. Modulation instability of the generalised solitons have been analysed: a small perturbation can develop into a rogue wave, which is consistent with the results of rogue wave solutions.
Reactions of Al/P, Ga/P and P–H functionalized frustrated Lewis pairs with azides and a diazomethane – formation of adducts and capture of nitrenes
Authors: Uhl Werner , Backs Jana , Hepp Alexander , Keweloh Lukas , Layh Marcus , Pleschka Damian , Possart Josephine , Wollschläger Agnes 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Al- and Ga-based frustrated Lewis pairs (FLPs) Mes2P–C(MR2)=CH-R′ (1, M=Al, R=
t
Bu; 2, M=Al, R=CH2

t
Bu; 3, M=Ga, R=
t
Bu) and the unique P–H functionalized FLP Mes(H)P–CH(AlR2)=C(H)-
t
Bu [4, R=CH(SiMe3)2] were treated with a variety of azides R′-N=N=N [R′=
t
Bu, SiMe3, Ph, CH2Ph, C6H4(4-Cl), C6H4(4-CF3), C6H4(4-Me), CH2C6H4(4-Cl), CH2C6H4(4-
t
Bu), C6H4(2-CH=CHPh)] in order to study systematically the influence of the substituents at nitrogen, phosphorus and the metal atoms on the reaction courses and the thermal stability of the products. Azide adducts (5–8) were isolated in which the terminal nitrogen atoms of the azides (Nγ
γ) were bound to the phosphorus and the respective metal atoms resulting in four-membered PCMN heterocycles as the sole structural motif despite the wide range of substituents and the variation in the metal atoms of the FLPs. Thermal activation of selected azide adducts led to the elimination of N2 and the formation of the nitrene adducts 9–11 in which formally a transient, highly reactive nitrene N–R with an electron sextet nitrogen atom is trapped by the FLPs. For the first time FLPs were treated with a diazomethane, Me3Si–C(H)=N=N. Reactions with 1 and 2 afforded the adducts [Mes2P–C(AlR2)=CH-Ph](μ-N2CH–SiMe3) 12 (R=
t
Bu, CH2

t
Bu) which had structures and spectroscopic properties similar to those of the corresponding azides. These compounds are thermally stable and do not eliminate dinitrogen upon warming or irradiation. Protonation of 12a with HCl in Et2O resulted in cleavage of the Al–N bond and formation of the zwitterionic phosphonium salt Mes2P[NH–N=C(H)–SiMe3]–C(AlCl
t
Bu2)=C(H)-Ph 13 with an intramolecular N–H···Cl hydrogen bond.
Herramienta de Evaluación de Tecnologías para la adquisición de equipos biomédicos
Authors: Chavarria Chavarria Tatiana Margarita , Molina Velásquez Tatiana 
Published: October 2017

La Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud es una práctica que permite a las Instituciones de Salud valorar de forma integral las consecuencias del uso de una tecnología, sin embargo, la falta de estandarización y de metodologías que guíen el proceso sigue siendo un reto por superar. Este trabajo presenta el desarrollo y la validación de una herramienta de Evaluación de Tecnologías en Salud la cual se realizó en tres fases: primero se desarrolló la herramienta que permite valorar el proceso de adquisición de equipos biomédicos, después se conformó un grupo de discusión para obtener diferentes percepciones frente a la metodología empleada, el diseño y desarrollo de la herramienta para finalmente implementarla mediante casos de estudio evaluando su uso real y aplicando una encuesta que permitió valorar su utilidad en los procesos de adquisición de equipos biomédicos. Se ponderó la importancia de cada tipo de evaluación de tecnologías seleccionada y se desarrollaron los módulos para las evaluaciones técnica, clínica, económica y ética, social y organizacional. Por su parte, la validación con expertos demostró la utilidad de la herramienta en los procesos de selección y adquisición de equipos biomédicos de manera que se disminuyan costos y se realicen mejores inversiones.
Digital Processing and Analysis of Images Obtained from the Comet Assay
Authors: Quintana Villamizar Yeimy Liseth , Zuluaga Botero Juan Gonzalo , Arango Varela Sandra Sulay 
Published: October 2017

The comet assay is a method based on electrophoresis that is used to measure DNA damage in cells and has shown important results in the identification of substances with a potential risk to the human population as innumerable physical, chemical and biological agents. In this technique is possible to obtain images like a comet, in which the tail of these refers to damaged fragments of the DNA. One of the main problems is that image has unequal luminosity caused by the fluorescence microscope and requires different processing to condition it as well as to know how many optimal comets there are per sample and finally to perform the measurements and determine the percentage of DNA damage. In this paper we propose the design and implementation of software using Image Processing Toolbox-MATLAB that allows the automation of image processing. The software chooses the optimum comets and measuring the necessary parameters to detect the damage.