bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social support in chat sessions for adolescents and young adults living with a family member with mental illness
Authors: Drost Louisa M. , van der Krieke Lian , Iedema‐den Boer Zamira , Sytema Sjoerd , Schippers Gerard M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChildren from families with a mental illness are at risk of developing negative health outcomes. Online interventions are a new way to offer support to these children. The present study utilized a website that had been developed to support Dutch youth who had a family member with a mental illness. The objective was to analyse monitored and unmonitored chatroom conversations among these young people, and specifically to compare supportive messages and self‐disclosures of experiences. We electronically imported session transcripts of 34 chatroom conversations into the qualitative analysis software Atlas.ti. A content analysis was performed on 4252 messages from 22 female participants. A correlational analysis was then conducted to identify significant associations between sent and received supportive statements and disclosing statements. We found supporting comments in approximately 34% of the conversations and disclosures of problems in the home in approximately 15–18% of the messages. Participants made approximately twice as many disclosing statements and approximately half as many supportive statements in the monitored sessions compared to the unmonitored sessions. The number of disclosures that were sent was positively correlated with the amount of social support that was received. The number of disclosures sent was negatively correlated with the amount of social support that was sent, but only in the unmonitored sessions. Considering the greater reach of Internet interventions, online chatroom sessions might be provided as complementary to, or as an alternative to, face‐to‐face groups for supporting youth with a family member who has a mental illness.
Expected Precision of Estimation and Probability of Ruling Out a Hypothesis Based on a Confidence Interval
Authors: Scosyrev Emil , Bancken Fabrice 
Published: June 2017

SummaryInterval estimation is an important objective of most experimental and observational studies. Knowing at the design stage of the study how wide the confidence interval (CI) is expected to be and where its limits are expected to fall can be very informative. Asymptotic distribution of the confidence limits can also be used to answer complex questions of power analysis by computing power as probability that a CI will exclude a given parameter value. The CI‐based approach to power and methods of calculating the expected size and location of asymptotic CIs as a measure of expected precision of estimation are reviewed in the present paper. The theory is illustrated with commonly used estimators, including unadjusted risk differences, odds ratios and rate ratios, as well as more complex estimators based on multivariable linear, logistic and Cox regression models. It is noted that in applications with the non‐linear models, some care must be exercised when selecting the appropriate variance expression. In particular, the well‐known ‘short‐cut’ variance formula for the Cox model can be very inaccurate under unequal allocation of subjects to comparison groups. A more accurate expression is derived analytically and validated in simulations. Applications with ‘exact’ CIs are also considered.
Estimation Techniques for Ordinal Data in Multiple Frame Surveys with Complex Sampling Designs
Authors: Rueda Maria del Mar , Arcos Antonio , Molina David , Ranalli Maria Giovanna 
Published: June 2017

SummarySurveys usually include questions where individuals must select one in a series of possible options that can be sorted. On the other hand, multiple frame surveys are becoming a widely used method to decrease bias due to undercoverage of the target population. In this work, we propose statistical techniques for handling ordinal data coming from a multiple frame survey using complex sampling designs and auxiliary information. Our aim is to estimate proportions when the variable of interest has ordinal outcomes. Two estimators are constructed following model‐assisted generalised regression and model calibration techniques. Theoretical properties are investigated for these estimators. Simulation studies with different sampling procedures are considered to evaluate the performance of the proposed estimators in finite size samples. An application to a real survey on opinions towards immigration is also included.
Sex differences in the associations between vagal reactivity and oppositional defiant disorder symptoms
Authors: Vidal‐Ribas Pablo , Pickles Andrew , Tibu Florin , Sharp Helen , Hill Jonathan 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundVagal reactivity to stress in children has been associated with future psychiatric outcomes. However, results have been mixed possibly because these effects are in opposite direction in boys and girls. These sex differences are relevant in the context of development of psychopathology, whereby the rates of psychiatric disorders differ by sex. In this study, we aimed to examine the association between vagal reactivity, assessed as a reduction in respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in response to a challenge, and the development of future oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in boys and girls. In addition, we examine the specific associations with ODD symptom dimensions, named irritability and headstrong. We hypothesized that increased vagal reactivity was associated with increased ODD symptoms in girls and a reduction in ODD symptoms in boys.MethodsParticipants were members of the Wirral Child Health and Development Study, a prospective epidemiological longitudinal study of 1,233 first‐time mothers recruited at 20 weeks’ gestation. RSA during four nonstressful and one stressful (still‐face) procedures was assessed when children were aged 29 weeks in a sample stratified by adversity (n = 270). Maternal reports of ODD symptoms were collected when children were 2.5 years old (n = 253), 3.5 years old (n = 826), and 5 years old (n = 770). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to test our hypotheses.ResultsThere was a significant sex difference in the prediction of ODD symptoms due to the opposite directionality in which increasing vagal reactivity was associated with an increase in ODD symptoms in girls and a reduction of ODD symptoms in boys. This Sex by Vagal reactivity interaction was common for both ODD dimensions, with no sex by dimension‐specific associations.ConclusionsPhysiological reactivity to a stressful situation predicts differently ODD symptoms in boys and girls very early in life, with no difference across irritability and headstrong components. Findings are discussed in the context of the several mechanisms involved on the later development of distinct psychiatric disorders in boys and girls.
Low fruit and vegetable consumption is associated with low knowledge of the details of the 5‐a‐day fruit and vegetable message in the UK: findings from two cross‐sectional questionnaire studies
Authors: Appleton K. M. , Krumplevska K. , Smith E. , Rooney C. , McKinley M. C. , Woodside J. V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis project aimed to understand the details of the 5‐a‐day fruit and vegetable (FV) message (which foods are included, portion sizes, the need for variety, reasons for consumption) least known by UK consumers, and most associated with low FV consumption.MethodsStudy 1 assessed FV consumption, knowledge of the details of the message, and relationships between these, using a short questionnaire administered face‐to‐face to an opportunity sample of one large UK city. Study 2 assessed the same variables using a comprehensive postal questionnaire administered across the UK to a representative population sample.ResultsFive hundred and seven respondents completed Study 1 and 247 respondents completed Study 2. The majority of individuals in both studies were aware of the 5‐a‐day message and could recount this correctly. In both studies, however, knowledge of the details of the message was low, and lower knowledge was associated with lower FV consumption. Respondents had lowest knowledge of the details of the message related to portion sizes and the need for variety. However, FV consumption was not independently associated with knowledge of any one aspect of the message.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that, although most of the UK population sampled were aware of the 5‐a‐day FV message and could recount this correctly, details of the 5‐a‐day FV message were not well known, and that FV consumption was related to this knowledge. These findings suggest that strategies to increase FV consumption will benefit from increasing UK consumers’ knowledge of the details of the 5‐a‐day FV message.
OsIDD2, a zinc finger and INDETERMINATE DOMAIN protein, regulates secondary cell wall formation
Authors: Huang Peng , Yoshida Hideki , Yano Kenji , Kinoshita Shunsuke , Kawai Kyosuke , Koketsu Eriko , Hattori Masako , Takehara Sayaka , Huang Ji , Hirano Ko , Ordonio Reynante Lacsamana , Matsuoka Makoto , Ueguchi‐Tanaka Miyako 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPreviously, we found 123 transcription factors (TFs) as candidate regulators of secondary cell wall (SCW) formation in rice by using phylogenetic and co‐expression network analyses. Among them, we examined in this work the role of OsIDD2, a zinc finger and indeterminate domain (IDD) family TF. Its overexpressors showed dwarfism, fragile leaves, and decreased lignin content, which are typical phenotypes of plants defective in SCW formation, whereas its knockout plants showed slightly increased lignin content. The RNA‐seq and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed that some lignin biosynthetic genes were downregulated in the OsIDD2‐overexpressing plants, and revealed the same case for other genes involved in cellulose synthesis and sucrose metabolism. The transient expression assay using rice protoplasts revealed that OsIDD2 negatively regulates the transcription of genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and 3 (CAD2 and 3), and sucrose metabolism, sucrose synthase 5 (SUS5), whereas an AlphaScreen assay, which can detect the interaction between TFs and their target DNA sequences, directly confirmed the interaction between OsIDD2 and the target sequences located in the promoter regions of CAD2 and CAD3. Based on these observations, we conclude that OsIDD2 is negatively involved in SCW formation and other biological events by downregulating its target genes.
Offenders with intellectual disabilities in prison: what happens when they leave?
Authors: Murphy G. H. , Chiu P. , Triantafyllopoulou P. , Barnoux M. , Blake E. , Cooke J. , Forrester‐Jones R. V. E. , Gore N. J. , Beecham J. K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeople with intellectual disabilities, if convicted of offences, may be sentenced to prison, but little is known about their life when they are released.MethodThis study followed up men with intellectual disabilities who were leaving prisons in England.ResultsThe men were hard to contact, but 38 men were interviewed, on average 10 weeks after leaving prison. The men were living in a variety of situations and often were very under‐occupied, with limited social networks. A total of 70% were above the clinical cut‐off for anxiety, and 59.5% were above the clinical cut‐off for depression. The men were receiving little support in the community, and many had been reinterviewed by police.ConclusionsCommunity teams need to provide better support to this very vulnerable group.
High‐ to ultrahigh‐temperature metamorphism in the lower crust: An example resulting from Hikurangi Plateau collision and slab rollback in New Zealand
Authors: Jacob Jean‐Baptiste , Scott James M. , Turnbull Rose E. , Tarling Matthew S. , Sagar Matthew W. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLower crustal xenoliths erupted from an intraplate diatreme reveal that a portion of the New Zealand Gondwana margin experienced high‐temperature (HT) to ultrahigh‐temperature (UHT) granulite facies metamorphism just after flat slab subduction ceased at c. 110–105 Ma. P–T calculations for garnet–orthopyroxene‐bearing felsic granulite xenoliths indicate equilibration at ~815 to 910°C and 0.7 to 0.8 GPa, with garnet‐bearing mafic granulite xenoliths yielding at least 900°C. Supporting evidence for the attainment of HT and UHT conditions in felsic granulite comes from re‐integration of exsolution in feldspar (~900–950°C at 0.8 GPa), Ti‐in‐zircon thermometry on Y‐depleted overgrowths on detrital zircon grains (932°C ± 24°C at aTiO2 = 0.8 ± 0.2), and correlation of observed assemblages and mineral compositions with thermodynamic modelling results (≥850°C at 0.7 to 0.8 GPa). The thin zircon overgrowths, which were mainly targeted by drilling through the cores of grains, yield a U–Pb pooled age of 91.7 ± 2.0 Ma. The cause of Late Cretaceous HT‐UHT metamorphism on the Zealandia Gondwana margin is attributed to collision and partial subduction of the buoyant oceanic Hikurangi Plateau in the Early Cretaceous. The halt of subduction caused the fore‐running shallowly dipping slab to rollback towards the trench position and permitted the upper mantle to rapidly increase the geothermal gradient through the base of the extending (former) accretionary prism. This sequence of events provides a mechanism for achieving regional HT–UHT conditions in the lower crust with little or no sign of this event at the surface.
Nodes of Ranvier in skin biopsies of patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Doppler Kathrin , Frank Franziska , Koschker Ann‐Cathrin , Reiners Karlheinz , Sommer Claudia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractParanodal demyelination has been discussed as a potential mechanism of nerve fiber damage in diabetic neuropathy (DNP). Studies on human tissue are limited, as nerve biopsies are invasive and only rarely performed in patients with confirmed DNP. Skin biopsy has recently been suggested as a tool to analyze paranodal and nodal changes of myelinated fibers.We analyzed the myelinated fibers of skin biopsies of 35 patients with DNP, 17 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) without neuropathy, and 30 normal controls. Immunofluorescence of skin sections with antibodies against Caspr, neurofascin, sodium channels, and myelin basic protein was performed to assess paranodal/nodal architecture, segmental demyelination, and myelinated nerve fibers. Staining with antibodies against protein gene product 9.5 was used to quantify unmyelinated nerve fibers.There was an increase of elongated Ranvier nodes and a dispersion of neurofascin at the distal leg in patients with DM with and without neuropathy and at the finger in patients with DNP. An increased dispersion of Caspr was only found in biopsies of the finger in patients with DNP.Skin biopsy may be an appropriate tool to analyze nodes of Ranvier in patients with DM. Structural nodal changes are detectable in DNP and even in diabetic patients without neuropathy.
Environmental factors impact temporal Passalora sequoiae conidia counts from Leyland cypress
Authors: Williams‐Woodward Jean L. , Copes Warren E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNeedle blight disease, caused by Passalora sequoiae, results in a progressive loss of leaf tissue on Leyland cypress (×Cupressocyparis leylandii) within container and field tree nurseries, in the landscape and on Christmas tree farms. Fungicide schedules have been developed in response to seasonal symptom progression and conidia dispersion without clarification of the influence of weather conditions on disease. Conidia count data of P. sequoiae were collected approximately weekly from June to December in 2001 in Watkinsville, GA, and in 2002 in Dearing, GA. Peak conidia numbers were trapped in September and October. Daily weather data summaries were obtained from a weather station at each location. Deterministic models were developed individually for summer (1 June to 30 September) and fall (1 October to 21 December) seasons. A three‐day moving average (MA) of average daily temperature (avgT) had a positive quadratic relationship with conidia counts in the summer season. A 10‐day MA of avgT, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and total solar radiation (SolR) had a positive quadratic, a negative linear and positive linear relationship, respectively, with conidia counts in the fall season. The models show that the seasonal shift to cooler fall temperatures, along with lower VPD and SolR, favour production and dispersal of P. sequoiae conidia.
‘I Don't Know’: Children's Early Talk About Knowledge
Authors: Harris Paul L. , Yang Bei , Cui Yixin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractChildren's utterances from late infancy to 3 years of age were examined to infer their conception of knowledge. In Study 1, the utterances of two English‐speaking children were analysed and in Study 2, the utterances of a Mandarin‐speaking child were analysed – in both studies, for their use of the verbknow. Both studies confirmed thatknowandnot knowwere used to affirm, query or deny knowledge, especially concerning an ongoing topic of conversation. References to a third party were rare. By implication, 2‐year‐olds have a conception of knowledge that underpins their exchange of information in conversation. Implications for the child's developing theory of mind are discussed.
Trigeminal Neuralgia in Pregnancy: A Management Challenge
Authors: Swain Bhanu P. , Vidhya Sri , Jadon Ashok , Chandra Kumar N. , Kumar Sharad 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPregnancy is known to aggravate pre‐existing chronic painful conditions. Trigeminal neuralgia (TN), albeit a disease of the elderly, may afflict pregnant females, which can further complicate its management. Teratogenic effects of the commonly used drugs on the developing fetus limit pharmacological treatment. Moreover, safety of commonly performed interventional therapies is marred by their inherent fetomaternal effects and more importantly the risk for radiation effects on the fetus due to the use of fluoroscopy. This rare coexistence of TN in pregnancy has not been reported before. Here we present a case of TN in a young woman, whose pain was aggravated when she became pregnant, and she was treated successfully by conventional radiofrequency ablation of the Gasserian ganglion.
Ectopic expression of a novel OsExtensin‐like gene consistently enhances plant lodging resistance by regulating cell elongation and cell wall thickening in rice
Authors: Fan Chunfen , Li Ying , Hu Zhen , Hu Huizhen , Wang Guangya , Li Ao , Wang Youmei , Tu Yuanyuan , Xia Tao , Peng Liangcai , Feng Shengqiu 
Published: June 2017

SummaryPlant lodging resistance is an important integrative agronomic trait of grain yield and quality in crops. Although extensin proteins are tightly associated with plant cell growth and cell wall construction, little has yet been reported about their impacts on plant lodging resistance. In this study, we isolated a novel extensin‐like (OsEXTL) gene in rice, and selected transgenic rice plants that expressed OsEXTL under driven with two distinct promoters. Despite different OsEXTL expression levels, two‐promoter‐driven OsEXTL‐transgenic plants, compared to a rice cultivar and an empty vector, exhibited significantly reduced cell elongation in stem internodes, leading to relatively shorter plant heights by 7%–10%. Meanwhile, the OsEXTL‐transgenic plants showed remarkably thickened secondary cell walls with higher cellulose levels in the mature plants, resulting in significantly increased detectable mechanical strength (extension and pushing forces) in the mature transgenic plants. Due to reduced plant height and increased plant mechanical strength, the OsEXTL‐transgenic plants were detected with largely enhanced lodging resistances in 3 years field experiments, compared to those of the rice cultivar ZH11. In addition, despite relatively short plant heights, the OsEXTL‐transgenic plants maintain normal grain yields and biomass production, owing to their increased cellulose levels and thickened cell walls. Hence, this study demonstrates a largely improved lodging resistance in the OsEXTL‐transgenic rice plants, and provides insights into novel extensin functions in plant cell growth and development, cell wall network construction and wall structural remodelling.
A Photosensitizer Lanthanide Nanoparticle Formulation that Induces Singlet Oxygen with Direct Light Excitation, But Not By Photon or X‐ray Energy Transfer
Authors: Chouikrat Rima , Baros Francis , André Jean‐Claude , Vanderesse Régis , Viana Bruno , Bulin Anne‐Laure , Dujardin Christophe , Arnoux Philippe , Verelst Marc , Frochot Céline 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report the design and synthesis of europium‐doped gadolinium oxysulfide nanoscintillators Gd2O2S:Eu3+ conjugated with two different photosensitizers (PSs): a zinc chlorin (ZnTPC) and a zinc phtalocyanine (ZnPc) by covalent bonding through a layer of N‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (TPDA). These conjugates were designed to be activated under X‐ray excitation to allow a photodynamic effect, although this desired outcome was not achieved in this study. The monodispersed nanoparticles of ∼70 nm diameter were pegylated to be stabilized in aqueous suspension. It was shown that the PSs conserved their photophysical properties once conjugated to the nanoscintillator and efficient singlet oxygen was obtained upon photo‐irradiation. However, no energy transfer was observed from the nanoscintillator to the photosensitizer neither under photo‐ nor X‐ray irradiation.
International intellectual property rights protection and economic growth with costly transfer
Authors: Ohki Kazuyoshi 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper develops a product‐cycle model with costly technology transfer, which requires resources from both the North and the South. In the basic model, we show that strengthening intellectual property rights (IPR) protection induces a large technology transfer and narrows the North–South wage gap. However, we obtain an ambiguous result regarding the effect on economic growth, which depends crucially on the size of the transfer cost. Although strengthening IPR protection induces a high growth rate when the transfer cost is small, it can induce a low growth rate when the transfer cost is large. In the extended model, in order to examine what factors determine the transfer cost, we consider the situation where the Southern firms may misbehave and the Northern firms incur a cost to monitor them. We show that the degree of investor protection and the degree of morality in developing countries influence the size of the transfer cost, which affects economic growth.
Sex‐specific associations between self‐reported sleep duration, depression, anxiety, fatigue and daytime sleepiness in an older community‐dwelling population
Authors: Broström Anders , Wahlin Åke , Alehagen Urban , Ulander Martin , Johansson Peter 
Published: June 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to explore whether associations between self‐reported sleep duration, depressive symptoms, anxiety, fatigue and daytime sleepiness differed in older community‐dwelling men and women.DesignCross‐sectional.MethodsA community‐dwelling sample of 675 older men and women (mean age 77.7 years,SD3.8 years) was used. All participants underwent a clinical examination by a cardiologist. Validated questionnaires were used to investigate sleep duration, depressive symptoms, anxiety, fatigue and daytime sleepiness. Subjects were divided into short sleepers (≤6 hours), n = 231; normal sleepers (7–8 hours), n = 338; and long sleepers (≥9 hours), n = 61.ancovas were used to explore sex‐specific effects.ResultsDepressive symptoms were associated with short sleep in men, but not in women. Fatigue was associated with both short and long sleep duration in men. No sex‐specific associations of sleep duration with daytime sleepiness or anxiety were found.ConclusionNurses investigating sleep duration and its correlates, or effects, in clinical practice need to take sex into account, as some associations may be sex specific. Depressive symptoms and fatigue can be used as indicators to identify older men with sleep complaints.