bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between patients with depressive disorders and healthy controls in resilience and coping skills
Authors: Molino C. , Camera P. , Girardi L. , Gattoni E. , Feggi A. , Gramaglia C.M. , Zeppegno P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionResilience in the psychiatric field, it is defined as the ability to recover from perceived adverse or changing situations through a dynamic process of adaptation. This process is influenced by personal characteristics, family and social resources and is expressed by positive coping skills. It is well known that resilience has an inverse relation with depression, however, the specific role of resilience in disorders like depression, personality disorders and psychosis is not fully understood.ObjectivesCompare differences in resilience and coping skills in a sample of patients with depressive disorder in acute phase versus healthy controls.MethodsWe are conducting a cohort study to the date we recruited 82 inpatients admitted in our psychiatric ward. The data have been gathered from the 1st December 2014 and they will continue to be collected until the 1st December 2016, the healthy controls are represented by 67 subjects with similar socio-demographic features.Inclusion criteria are: diagnosis of depressive disorders or dysthymia according to DSM-IV-TR diagnostic criteria, age > 18 years, proper understanding of Italian language, willingness to give written informed consent. We compared them with healthy controls with similar socio-demographic features.Patients’ assessment includes the following tests:– Resilience Scale for Adults (RSA);– Brief-COPE Scale (Brief-COPE);– Statistical analysis will be performed using SPSS for Windows, 21.0 (Armonk, NY: IBM Corporation).ResultsData collection is still ongoing.ConclusionsFrom a preliminary analysis of data, we assume that the levels of resilience and coping of our patients is reduced compared with controls, however the recruitment during the acute phase could significantly influence final results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The impact of depression on the human personality
Authors: Petrović M. 
Published: June 2017

Depression is a common experience. We have all felt “depressed” about a friend's cold shoulder, misunderstandings in our marriage, tussles with teenage children, sometimes we feel “down” for no reason at all. However, depression can become an illness when:– the mood state is severe;– it lasts for 2 weeks or more and;– it interferes with our ability to function at home or at work.Signs of a depression includes:– lowered self-esteem (or self-worth);– change in sleep patterns, that is, insomnia or broken sleep;– changes in appetite or weight;– less ability to control emotions such as pessimism, anger, guilt, irritability and anxiety;– varying emotions throughout the day, for example, feeling worse in the morning and better as the day progresses;– reduces capacity to experience pleasure: you cannot enjoy what's happening now, nor look forward to anything with pleasure;– hobbies and interests drop off;– reduces pain tolerance: you are less able to tolerate aches and pains and may have a host of new ailments;– changes sex drive: absent or reduced;– poor concentration and memory: some people are so impaired that they think that they are becoming demented;– reduces motivation; it does not seem worth the effort to do anything, things seem meaningless;– lowers energy levels.At the Institute, we believe that personality and temperament contribute to depression, particularly non-melancholic depression. Certain personality types are more at risk of developing depression than others.Generally speaking, someone who is depressed would: have a low mood, be pessimistic, have lowered self-esteem and feel hopeless and helpless.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Cognitive symptoms in mayor depression: A study with vortioxetina
Authors: Porta Olivares O. , Juncal Ruiz M. , Fernández Abascal Puente B. , Gómez Revuelta M. , Pérez Herrera M. , Santayana Jenaro G. Pardo de , Sánchez Blanco L. , Pérez Santos A.B. , Revillas Almajano F. Arnaiz de las , Martín Gutiérrez R. , Landera Rodríguez R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe major depression is associated with decreased cognitive functions in a range of areas, including attention, memory and executive functions. The cognitive symptoms of depression can have a profound effect on the ability of patients to keep out the tasks of daily living, and are significant factors that affect the ability to function both interpersonal and occupational level.AimsVortioxetina have a multimodal action acting on various serotonin receptors in addition to inhibiting serotonin reuptake. Vortioxetina, is a new therapeutic tool seems to have shown efficacy in the treatment of cognitive symptoms of depression.MethodsTo evaluate this action we have evaluated the cognitive decline in patients with major depression before receiving treatment vortioxetina (whether state or not previously treated with other antidepressants) and at 2, 6 and 12 months after starting treatment with the drug. For that, we’ve used the Verbal Hearing Test King (RAVLT), which evaluates the auditory verbal short-term memory, the learning rate, the retention of information, and the differences between learning and recovery, and testing Digit substitution by symbols (DSST) that perform quick detection of brain dysfunctions by a conventional task.ResultsThe results of this study are still under analysis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Vortioxetine versus citalopram in treating major depressive disorder (MDD)
Authors: Rossi A. , Di Tullio E. , Prosperini P. , Feggi A. , Gramaglia C. , Zeppegno P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionCitalopram is a widely used antidepressant (AD), indicated for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), with a high and Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitory action (SSRI), good efficacy and safety profile. Vortioxetine is a novel multimodal antidepressant compound, with a mixed action on Serotonin (both 5-HT agonism and antagonism). Its clinical efficacy has been established in several short and long term trials; furthermore it proved effective at mitigating cognitive dysfunction, which is addressed to as one of the main causes of social impairment in MMD patients.ObjectivesTo evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of Vortioxetine versus Citalopram, in patients suffering from MDD.AimsTo assess whether Vortioxetine effectiveness and tolerability are comparable to those observed for previous antidepressants.MethodsThe main outcomes were efficacy (variance from baseline to 1 month) in the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) and tolerability (adverse events). Changes in cognitive performance were assessed using the following specifics tools: Digit symbol substitution test (DSST), Trail Making Test A (TMT-A) and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R).ResultsData collection is ongoing. According to Literature we expect to find a significant number of MDD patients on Vortioxetine to achieve a reduction in depressive symptoms from baseline, to report poor adverse events and to increase their cognitive performance.ConclusionAs shown by recent literature, Vortioxetine might be an effective option in treating MMD with particular focus on cognitive dysfunction.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effect of yoga and meditation on accelerated cellular aging in major depressive disorder patients
Authors: Madhuri T. , Dada R. , Sagar R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAccelerated aging is associated with major depressive disorder (MDD) and studies of yoga and meditation based lifestyle intervention (YMLI) on biomarkers of cellular aging are lacking.Aim and objectivesTo investigate the peripheral blood biomarkers of cellular aging in MDD patients after short term YMLI. Biomarkers include DNA damage, oxidative stress (OS), telomere attrition, and nutrition sensing assessed respectively by 8-hydroxy 2’- deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG); reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC); telomere length and telomerase activity; and sirtuin-1.MethodsWe consecutively enrolled 33 MDD patients and 40 healthy subjects; 30 MDD patients were followed up with 12- week YMLI. Biomarkers of cellular aging in peripheral blood were measured with assay kits. All patients were evaluated by examining the correlation between cellular aging markers and Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS) scores.ResultsThe levels of DNA damage, OS, and telomere attrition in MDD patients were significantly higher than healthy subjects (all P = 0.005). The MADRS scores had a significantly positive association with 8-OHdG and ROS levels and negative association with TAC, telomerase and sirtuin-1 levels (all P < 0.01).ConclusionsPeripheral blood biomarker levels in our results suggest significant cellular aging in MDD patients compared to healthy subjects. There was strong correlation between the changes in biomarkers of cellular aging and clinical improvement in MDD. Our study is the first to show significant increase in sirtuin-1 levels in MDD patients after yoga and meditation. Therefore, biomarkers of cellular aging might be indicators of MDD severity and clinical remission after YMLI.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Ghrelin response to hedonic eating in underweight and short-term weight restored patients with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Fico G. , Monteleone A.M. , Nigro M. , Patriciello G. , Volpe U. , Monteleone P. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRecently, anorexia nervosa (AN) has been conceptualized as a reward-related disorder, and brain imaging studies have shown functional and structural abnormalities in areas of the brain involved in reward processes in both acute and recovered AN patients. However, the role of endogenous biochemical mediators, such as Ghrelin, in the modulation of reward processes has been poorly investigated in this eating disorder.ObjectivesHedonic eating, that is the consumption of food exclusively for pleasure and not to maintain energy homeostasis, is a useful paradigm to investigate the physiology of food-related reward.AimsWe assessed the Ghrelin response to food-related reward in symptomatic AN women in order to further explore the modulation of reward processes in this severe and debilitating disorder.MethodsPlasma levels of Ghrelin were measured in 7 underweight and 7 recently weight-restored satiated AN patients before and after the ingestion of a favorite (hedonic eating) and non-favorite (non-hedonic eating) food. Ghrelin responses were compared it that of previously studied healthy controls.ResultsWe found that in satiated underweight patients with AN plasma Ghrelin levels progressively decreased after the exposure and the consumption of both the favorite and non-favorite food whereas in satiated weight-restored AN patients and satiated healthy controls plasma Ghrelin concentrations significantly increased after the exposure to the favorite food and after eating it, but decreased after the non-favorite food.ConclusionsThese results suggest a derangement in the Ghrelin modulation of food-related pleasurable and rewarding feelings, which might sustain the reduced motivation toward food intake of acute AN patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Anorexia nervosa and attachment
Authors: Red Gallego H. De la , Alonso Sánchez A. , Álvarez Astorga A. , Gómez Sánchez S. , Rodríguez Andrés L. , Cepedello Pérez S. , De Lorenzo Calzón M. , De Uribe Viloria N. , Gómez García M. , Rodríguez Campos A. , Ladrón de Cegama F. De Uribe 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAttachment is an innate programming whereby a child seeks for security. There is scientific and empirical evidence that insecure attachment is usual in eating disorder patients [1].ObjectivesTo highlight the relevance of attachment between child and caregivers, as well as its significance in therapeutic approach.MethodsA 17-year-old girl hospitalized after attending to emergency department due to fainting. BMI: 12.89. She reports restrictive behavior since age 11 that her mother regards as “child issues”. Divorced parents, she grew up with her mother, diagnosed of hypochondria, who mentions not understanding why she is not the one who is hospitalized.ResultsDuring hospitalization, she turned 18-years-old. Guardianship of her younger siblings was removed to her mother. She had a secure relationship with her 24-year-old sister, so she decided to move in with her. Later on, she had a positive progress, maintaining the gained weight and mood stability, although cognitive distortions persist.ConclusionsAmong developmental and maintaining factors of eating disorders, impaired attachment is becoming increasingly interesting. Even though the main goal of treatment is weight restoration, exploring attachment patterns can facilitate to achieve that aim. This clinical case emphasizes the importance of attachment in eating disorders among child and young adults.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Immunity and eating disorders. Clinical description of a case
Authors: Gallego M.D.H. , Álvarez Astorga A. , Alonso Sánchez A. , Hernández Antón R. , Mayor Toranzo E. , Sevillano Benito I. , Hernández García M.S. , Geijo Uribe M.S. , Ladrón de Cegama F. De Uribe 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionRecently, there is an increasing interest in the link between anorexia nervosa and autoimmune diseases. Studies show significant association between anorexia nervosa, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune thyroid disease and Crohn's disease [1]. The findings of significantly elevated autoantibodies (anti α-MSH, anti ACTH) and cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α) support this relationship.ObjectivesTo illustrate with a clinical case the connection between eating disorders and Crohn's disease.MethodsFourteen years-old boy with moderate depression syndrome after his grandfather's decease. Since overweight diagnosis by his pediatrician, he begins to restrict food intake with an important weight loss (19 kg in 9 months) and over exercising. Blood test reveals microcytic and hypochromic anaemia, rest of the examination shows no other disorder. Psychometric assessment EDI-3 suggests Anorexia Nervosa restricting type.ResultsTwo months after clinical stabilization, he is hospitalized due to abdominal pain. Exploration including blood test, serology, coproculture, sonography and colonoscopy reveals severe Crohn's disease.ConclusionsThis case is about a patient diagnosed of moderate depressive syndrome, who develops anorexia nervosa and Crohn's disease during his follow up. It exemplifies the link between stress, immunity and eating disorders. Recent findings suggest that immune diseases are involved in onset and maintenance of eating disorders. More studies are required in order to inference its consequences in evaluation, prognostic, treatment and identification of subgroups of patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The role of enteroceptive awareness in eating disorders: A study on a group of binge eaters
Authors: Longo G.M. , Falcone J. , Martoni R.M. , Bellodi L. , Ogliari A. , Erzegovesi S. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionEnteroceptive awareness is defined as the ability to perceive the body states. Such ability is provided by the enteroceptors, organs and structures specifically designated to receive both internal and external stimuli. This capability, especially the perception of satiation, seems to be lacking in individuals suffering from Eating Disorders and there is no procedure to increase this ability.ObjectivesThe primary purpose is to improve patient's enteroceptive awareness. We tested whether patients diagnosed with binge eating disorder (BED), while deprived of eyesight, would better focus on their internal signals, such as the satiation feeling, and therefore eat less and slower.MethodsFor the first time, 29 patients with BED were deprived of vision during a meal. In a standardized procedure, participants ate two different meals, the first one while deprived of eyesight, the second one, a week later, in normal conditions. Both the amount of eaten food and the total time to complete the meal were taken into account during each of the meals. The patients filled in a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) questionnaire at the end of each meal, in order to evaluate the experience and their internal feelings.ResultsThe results show that patients suffering from BED, when deprived of eyesight, eat less food, take more time to finish the meal and experience the same level of satiation with respect to the normal condition.ConclusionThis procedure could be of great interest for the implementation of specific intervention protocols that are aimed at the recovery of enteroceptive awareness in patients with eating disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
A literary exploration of British cultural attitudes to psychiatry during the late 1800s and their development over the following century
Authors: Pittock A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionBritish psychiatry was in its embryonic stage in the late nineteenth century. Early psychiatrists employed radical treatments with little success and not much is documented about public attitudes. Using fictional depictions of madness and physicians allows us to explore cultural attitudes to psychiatry at the time.ObjectivesFirst, to analyze the portrayal of madness and physicians in the island of Dr. Moreau and Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde; second, to use this to provide insight into the public opinion of psychiatry and third, to evaluate the development of attitudes using twentieth century media.AimTo provide an insight into the social perspective of mental illness in the late nineteenth century and consider its evolution over the last one hundred years.MethodsTwo famous, well-received novels of the time were chosen for analysis. Historical knowledge of the period was sought using JSTOR, NHS Scotland's The Knowledge Network and Google Scholar. Novels and media depictions were analysed in relation to the scientific understanding at the time.ResultsThe novels show two ways of control: surgical (Moreau) and chemical (Jekyll). Both are unsuccessful, as were physician's attempts in reality. The narrators’ concerns mirror the cultural anxiety at the time surrounding containment and treatment of mental illness. Media portrayal of cruel, unsuccessful treatment continues throughout the twentieth century.ConclusionsNineteenth century cultural attitudes to mental illness show a distinct anxiety and concern with barbaric treatments and their inefficacy. Despite psychiatric progress, the media have continued to portray mental illness and its treatment in a negative light, suggesting continued levels of societal concern.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Demographic characteristics of the cohort of patients, receiving out-patient psychiatric help in regional medical consultative and diagnostic center of sub-arctic territory
Authors: Shapovalov K. , Shapovalova L. 
Published: June 2017

The analysis of mental health 5356 patients referred to the outpatient reception of a psychiatrist in the structure of the regional consultative diagnostic center. The structure of the patient, the psychiatrist received increased by 14.0% the proportion of initial applications (59.6%). The number of men has decreased in absolute terms, 1.84 times, and the relative by 10.4%, which led to the formation of a clear trend dominance of the female population of the territory. Men are turning mainly in the active working age 18–44 years (54.2%), while women are turning mainly aged 50 years and older (59.3%). This is explained by the peculiarities of the physiological, mental and emotional state at a certain age period of the female orgasm, as well as the prevailing female population of the region (5.6%) over the masculine. Statistically significant difference on the prevalence of urban agriculture is not set. Reduction adopted children under the age of 17 years from 62% to 16% is a result of filling in the municipalities vacancies child psychiatrists and can be evaluated as a positive result of the dynamic development of mental health services. At present, it formed the objective necessity of the development of community mental health as a result of growth in the number of mental illnesses. But this comes at the expense of lighter forms (outpatient options). Most exacerbations do not require compulsory hospitalization, as a rule.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Hardly manageable forensic case, as a result of unsuitable legal and psycho-social factors
Authors: Blakaj-Ramadani V. , Obertinca B. , Blakaj F. 
Published: June 2017

The court may impose a measure of mandatory psychiatric treatment in custody in a health care institution on a perpetrator who has committed offense while in a state of mental incompetence or substantially diminished mental capacity. An offense should be punishable by imprisonment of at least 3 years and is necessary to avoid a serious danger. Implementation of this measure can be difficult if surrounded by unsuitable psycho-social circumstances. Patient N.N, Albanian, 22-years-old, was born in Kosovo and raised in Germany. During this period, he only visited Kosovo 2–3 times. A few weeks before admission in the Institute (year 2014), he came in Kosovo willingly, to escape a prison sentence in Germany. Due to a fight, he was arrested and because of resistance that he showed, in the court – psychiatrist proposes mandatory psychiatric treatment. In admission was quiet, but after being told the rules of the Institute, he started to become aggressive, refusing to speak and eat. After refusal, his medical condition deteriorates. After “therapeutic weekend”, we saw improvement. The Court approved the doctor's proposal to change the measure. The measure must be appropriate for the patient in order not to cause more harm than good.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.