bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health‐related quality of life in children and adolescents: Current normative data, determinants and reliability on proxy‐report
Authors: Meyer Michael , Oberhoffer Renate , Hock Julia , Giegerich Tobias , Müller Jan 
Published: May 2016

AimHealth‐related quality of life (HrQoL) is a multidimensional concept including self‐reported measures of physical and mental health. Throughout the last decades, HrQoL has become a more and more important outcome measure not only in clinical conditions. This study evaluates current HrQoL of healthy children and adolescents, determinants of HrQoL, and the agreement between self‐ and proxy‐report.MethodsFrom April 2012 to July 2013, we prospectively examined 530 healthy children (13.2 ± 2.1 years, 236 girls) and their parents on their childrens HrQoL using the KINDL‐R self‐report questionnaire and the parent's proxy‐report. Data was compared to the established reference value from 2007 and the agreement of self‐ and parent's proxy‐report was assessed by calculation of intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).ResultsIn general, the HrQoL improved compared to references in both children's (104.5 ± 12.6 % of predicted reference value, P < .001) and parent's proxy‐report (104.3 ± 12.3 % of predicted reference value, P < .001). HrQoL declined with proceeding age (r = −.247, P < .001) but was not associated with BMI (r = −.035, P = .420). There was good accordance between children's reported HrQoL and the parent's proxy‐report (ICC: .774). Only in the domains ‘self‐esteem’ (ICC: .558) and ‘Emotional well‐being’ (ICC: .612) the agreements were moderate.ConclusionsHrQoL perception has increased throughout the past 10 years and worsens with increasing age. Moreover, the parent's proxy‐report of the KINDL‐R questionnaire is a good supplementary method to provide additional information regarding to children's HrQoL.
Parental state anxiety correlates with preoperative anxiety in Chinese preschool children
Authors: Cui Xulei , Zhu Bo , Zhao Jing , Huang Yuguang , Luo Ailun , Wei Jing 
Published: May 2016

AimPreoperative anxiety in children is largely dependent on age and is influenced by anxiety level in parents. The current study compared the level of preoperative anxiety in preschool children versus school‐aged children and its relationship with the state and trait anxiety of the parents.MethodsThis study included 54 preschool children (2–5 years of age) and 48 school‐age children (6–12 years) scheduled to receive ear, nose and throat, plastic or ophthalmologic surgeries. Preoperative anxiety of children was assessed in the holding area immediately prior to the surgery using a modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m‐YPAS). Compliance with anaesthesia induction was assessed using an Induction Compliance Checklist (ICC). The state and trait anxiety of the parent who accompanied the child was assessed using a State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire.ResultsBoth m‐YPAS and ICC scores were higher in preschool children than in school‐age children with significant correlation between the two measures. The STAI‐S score of parents was higher in the preschool group than in the school‐age group. No significant difference was found in STAI‐T score between the two age groups. Children's m‐YPAS score correlated with parental STAI‐T score in both groups (rho = 0.297, P = 0.029 and rho = 0.338, P = 0.019, respectively) but only with STAI‐S score in the preschool group (rho = 0.400, P = 0.003).ConclusionsBoth preschool children and their parents are more anxious than school‐age dyads prior to surgery. The anxiety level of the children correlates with state anxiety of the parents in preschool children but not in school‐age children.
Exogenous melatonin improved potassium content in Malus under different stress conditions
Authors: Li Chao , Liang Bowen , Chang Cong , Wei Zhiwei , Zhou Shasha , Ma Fengwang 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMelatonin mediates many physiological processes in plants. We investigated its role in regulating growth, potassium uptake, and root system architecture under three types of stress: salinity or a deficiency of all nutrients in Malus hupehensis Rehd., as well as a K deficiency in Malus rockii Rehd. Each treatment caused a reduction in growth rates and disrupted the absorption of potassium. However, pretreatment with 0.1 μmol/L melatonin significantly alleviated such inhibitions. The addition of melatonin also upregulated genes for antioxidant enzymes involved in the ascorbate–glutathione cycle (MdcAPX, MdDHAR1, MdDHAR2, MdMDHAR, and MdcGR) and helped decrease the accumulation of H2O2 while improving the expression of K transporters and genes for the CBL1–CIPK23 pathway. These results indicated that melatonin can regulate the ROS signal and activate the CBL1–CIPK23 pathway to regulate the expression of a potassium channel protein gene, thereby promoting the absorption of potassium ions. Our findings demonstrate that inducing melatonin production is an important mechanism for plant defenses that can serve as a platform for possible applications in agricultural or related fields of research.
The Relationship between the Psychology of Religion and Buddhist Psychology
Authors: Kato Hiroki 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe psychology of religion and Buddhist psychology have deep historical connections. However, there has been a lack of discourse between these fields of study. Therefore this paper focuses on the relationship between the psychology of religion and Buddhist psychology as well as the history and research trends of each field. Recently, studies on the psychology of religion and Buddhist psychology have attracted attention based on the concepts of “spirituality” and “mindfulness.” Moreover, there have been a number of psychotherapeutic techniques developed that are based on mindfulness meditation. The relationship between the psychology of religion and Buddhist psychology is complex and often the subject of confusion. The complexity results from the fact that Buddhism could be seen as an alternative to psychology in the analysis of the mind; and moreover, Buddhism also contains aspects of psychotherapy that bring peace of mind.
Evaluation of the effects of iodized salt on the mental development of preschool‐aged children: a cluster randomized trial in northern Ethiopia
Authors: Aboud Frances E. , Bougma Karim , Lemma Tizita , Marquis Grace S. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA cluster randomized effectiveness trial was used to examine the effects on mental development of introducing iodized salt to children 4 to 6 years of age in Ethiopia, where there were reportedly high levels of iodine deficiency. Sixty district clusters were randomized to receive iodized salt early at their markets with assistance from regular salt distributors or later as introduced by market forces. At pre‐ and post‐iodization, 1602 children were given cognitive/language tests (namely School Readiness, WPPSI verbal reasoning, WPPSI Matrix reasoning), and mothers were interviewed concerning demographics, nutrition and health. Children's weight, height, urine and a blood sample were taken. Analyses of covariance, adjusting for clustering and baseline levels were conducted. Urinary iodine concentrations were significantly higher at endline in the intervention children than controls though both medians were above threshold. Overall, less than 5% were anemic. There were no significant main effect differences between groups on the cognitive/language tests, but there were effect modifiers, namely mother's education, child's sex and diet. For example, the intervention group performed better on the school readiness test than controls if their mothers had attended school, but not otherwise. In conclusion, the data are consistent with negative findings from studies where children 6 to 12 years were supplemented with an iodine capsule, indicating that the benefits of iodine, in salt or capsule form, for brain development may be restricted to children under 3 years. Yet, benefits may be tied to those with more educational resources or may compensate for conditions of disadvantage.
Adaptation to climate through flowering phenology: a case study in Medicago truncatula
Authors: Burgarella Concetta , Chantret Nathalie , Gay Laurène , Prosperi Jean‐Marie , Bonhomme Maxime , Tiffin Peter , Young Nevin D. , Ronfort Joelle 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLocal climatic conditions likely constitute an important selective pressure on genes underlying important fitness‐related traits such as flowering time, and in many species, flowering phenology and climatic gradients strongly covary. To test whether climate shapes the genetic variation on flowering time genes and to identify candidate flowering genes involved in the adaptation to environmental heterogeneity, we used a large Medicago truncatula core collection to examine the association between nucleotide polymorphisms at 224 candidate genes and both climate variables and flowering phenotypes. Unlike genome‐wide studies, candidate gene approaches are expected to enrich for the number of meaningful trait associations because they specifically target genes that are known to affect the trait of interest. We found that flowering time mediates adaptation to climatic conditions mainly by variation at genes located upstream in the flowering pathways, close to the environmental stimuli. Variables related to the annual precipitation regime reflected selective constraints on flowering time genes better than the other variables tested (temperature, altitude, latitude or longitude). By comparing phenotype and climate associations, we identified 12 flowering genes as the most promising candidates responsible for phenological adaptation to climate. Four of these genes were located in the known flowering time QTL region on chromosome 7. However, climate and flowering associations also highlighted largely distinct gene sets, suggesting different genetic architectures for adaptation to climate and flowering onset.
L‐fucose influences chemotaxis and biofilm formation in Campylobacter jejuni
Authors: Dwivedi Ritika , Nothaft Harald , Garber Jolene , Xin Kin Lin , Stahl Martin , Flint Annika , van Vliet Arnoud H. M. , Stintzi Alain , Szymanski Christine M. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryCampylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are zoonotic pathogens once considered asaccharolytic, but are now known to encode pathways for glucose and fucose uptake/metabolism. For C. jejuni, strains with the fuc locus possess a competitive advantage in animal colonization models. We demonstrate that this locus is present in > 50% of genome‐sequenced strains and is prevalent in livestock‐associated isolates of both species. To better understand how these campylobacters sense nutrient availability, we examined biofilm formation and chemotaxis to fucose. C. jejuni NCTC11168 forms less biofilms in the presence of fucose, although its fucose permease mutant (fucP) shows no change. In a newly developed chemotaxis assay, both wild‐type and the fucP mutant are chemotactic towards fucose. C. jejuni 81‐176 naturally lacks the fuc locus and is unable to swim towards fucose. Transfer of the NCTC11168 locus into 81‐176 activated fucose uptake and chemotaxis. Fucose chemotaxis also correlated with possession of the pathway for C. jejuni RM1221 (fuc+) and 81116 (fuc‐). Systematic mutation of the NCTC11168 locus revealed that Cj0485 is necessary for fucose metabolism and chemotaxis. This study suggests that components for fucose chemotaxis are encoded within the fuc locus, but downstream signals only in fuc + strains, are involved in coordinating fucose availability with biofilm development.
Effect of a thin‐neck pacifier on primary dentition: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wagner Y. , Heinrich‐Weltzien R. 
Published: May 2016

Structured AbstractObjectivesTo evaluate changes in occlusal characteristics in the primary dentition that occur after introducing a thin‐neck pacifier (TNP) to children with previously diagnosed pacifier‐associated anterior open bite (AOB) and increased overjet.Setting and Sample PopulationDepartment of Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, Jena University Hospital, Germany. Subjects were 86 children (mean age 20.3 months) with a pacifier‐associated open bite or overjet ≥2 mm.Material & MethodsRandomized controlled trial. Subjects were randomly assigned: group I (n = 28), intervention group using a TNP; group II (n = 30), control group, using a conventional or physiological pacifier; and group III (n = 28), intervention group, Gold standard, weaned off pacifier. Participants were re‐examined after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months by an operator, blinded for the treatment.ResultsAfter 12 months data for 63 children (mean age 33.1 months) were analyzed (I: n = 24; II: n = 22; III: n = 17). There was a significant difference between the groups regarding mean overjet (group I: 2.7 ± 0.5 mm, group II: 3.2 ± 0.7 mm, group III: 2.4 ± 0.5 mm, Kruskal–Wallis, p = 0.002) and AOB (group I: −1.2 ± 0.3 mm, group II: −2.2 ± 0.3 mm, group III: −0.8 ± 0.8 mm, Kruskal–Wallis, p < 0.001). The differences between group I and II regarding increased overjet (3.1 ± 0.2 mm vs. 3.6 ± 0.3 mm, Mann–Whitney, p < 0.001) and extent of AOB (−1.2 ± 0.3 mm vs. −2.2 ± 0.3 mm, Mann–Whitney, p < 0.001) were statistically significant.ConclusionUse of TNP resulted in better clinical measurements for in overjet and overbite compared with the continuing use of conventional or physiological pacifiers.
Seeking support in response to social and achievement stressors: A multivenue analysis
Authors: RIFE SEAN C. , KERNS KATHRYN A. , UPDEGRAFF JOHN A. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSocial support is the subject of much research, but comparatively little attention has been paid to support seeking. Moreover, what research exists on support seeking has primarily addressed in‐person support seeking, despite the proliferation of new support venues (e.g., Facebook, websites, etc.). This article uses a daily diary methodology to examine the support‐seeking behavior men (N = 41) and women (N = 97) exhibit in response to various types of stressors. Results indicate that (a) in‐person support seeking remains the most popular form; (b) compared to achievement stressors, social stressors are more likely to result in emotional support seeking rather than instrumental support seeking; and (c) men may engage in more support seeking than has been previously suggested by the literature, particularly in electronic venues.
Influence of Donor on the Sensing Performance of a Series of Through‐Bond Energy Transfer‐Based Two‐photon Fluorescent Cu2+ Probes
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Jin , Wang Xin , Zhou Yong , Wang Chuan‐Kui 
Published: May 2016

AbstractOptical properties of a series of molecular two‐photon fluorescent Cu2+ probes containing the same acceptor (rhodamine group) are analyzed using time‐dependent density functional theory in combination with analytical response theory. Special emphasis is placed on evolution of the probes' optical properties in the presence of Cu2+. In this study, the compound with naphthalene as the donor is shown to be excellent ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor, whereas the compound with quinoline derivative as the donor shows off/on‐typed colorimetric fluorescent response. For the compound with naphthalimide derivative as the donor, changing the connection between the donor and acceptor can efficiently prevent the fluorescent quenching of the probe both in the absence and presence of Cu2+. The donor moiety and the connection between donor and acceptor are thus found to play dominant roles on sensing performance of these probes. Moreover, distributions of molecular orbitals involved in the excitation and emission of the probes are analyzed to explore responsive mechanism of the probes. The through‐bond energy transfer process is theoretically demonstrated. Our results are used to elucidate the available experimental measurements. This work is helpful to understand the relationships of structure with optical properties for the studied probes.
Chemiexcitation Efficiency of Intermolecular Electron‐transfer Catalyzed Peroxide Decomposition Shows Low Sensitivity to Solvent‐cavity Effects
Authors: Khalid Muhammad , de Souza Sergio P. , Bartoloni Fernando H. , Augusto Felipe A. , Baader Wilhelm J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntermolecular chemically initiated electron exchange luminescence (CIEEL) systems are known to possess low chemiluminescence efficiency; whereas, the corresponding intramolecular transformations are highly efficient. As the reasons for this discrepancy are not known, we report in this work our studies of the solvent‐cavity effect on the efficiency of two intermolecular CIEEL systems, the catalyzed decomposition of diphenoyl peroxide and of a relatively stable 1,2‐dioxetanone derivative, spiro‐adamantyl‐1,2‐dioxetanone. The results indicate a very low medium viscosity effect on the quantum yields of these systems, a priori not compatible with these bimolecular transformations, showing also that their low efficiency cannot be due to solvent‐cavity escape of intermediate radical ion pairs. In addition, the solvent‐cage effect on the CIEEL efficiency, after the occurrence of the initial electron transfer, proved also to be very low, indicating the intrinsic low viscosity effect on the chemiexcitation step. Therefore, it is concluded that the low efficiency of these systems is intrinsic to the chemiexcitation step and cannot be improved by medium viscosity effects, being possibly due to sterical hindrance on charge‐transfer complex formation in the initial step of the CIEEL.
Passive heat treatment of sweet basil crops suppresses white mould and grey mould
Authors: Elad Y. , Rav David D. , Israeli L. , Fogel M. 
Published: May 2016

Sweet basil white mould (BWM, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum) and grey mould (BGM, Botrytis cinerea) are important diseases in Israel and other basil‐growing regions. The impact of microclimate on BWM and BGM and on plant sensitivity to these diseases was studied. Disease incidence was evaluated in three field experiments, each consisting of 10–12 polyethylene‐covered tunnels. BWM and BGM incidences were correlated with air temperature, relative humidity (RH) and soil temperature data. The incidence of BWM was negatively correlated with high (above >25 or >30 °C) air temperatures, RH > 50% and RH > 75% and high (>21 or >24 °C) soil temperatures. BGM incidence was negatively correlated with high (>25 °C) air temperatures and high (>21 or >24 °C) soil temperatures, and positively correlated with RH >65% or >75%. Shoots harvested from plants grown in the walk‐in tunnels were inoculated with S. sclerotiorum or B. cinerea under controlled conditions. Severity of BWM and BGM on those shoots was negatively correlated with tunnel air temperatures of >25 and >30 °C and soil temperatures >18 °C. Thus, high temperatures were related to reduced disease incidence and to reduced sensitivity to the pathogens. Experiments involving potted plants revealed that heating only the root zone suppresses canopy susceptibility to BWM and BGM. These findings indicate that the effect of high greenhouse temperatures involves an indirect systemic effect that renders the host less susceptible to disease. This effect was also observed in harvested shoots that were no longer at the high temperatures, and the effect was systemic.
Is it Safe to Disagree?
Authors: Hirvelä Jaakko 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper offers a new account of the epistemic significance of disagreement which is grounded in two assumptions; (i) that knowledge is the norm of belief and, (ii) that the safety condition is a necessary condition for knowledge. These assumptions motivate a modal definition of epistemic peerhood, which is much easier to operate on than the more traditional definitions of epistemic peerhood. The modal account of the epistemic significance of disagreement yields plausible results regarding cases of disagreement. Furthermore, it is able to tap into the intuitions that have motivated the conformist and the nonconformist positions and it locates a fruitful middle‐ground between these two conflicting positions. It will be shown that the conformist is correct in that cases of real peer disagreement force us to suspend our judgment. The reason for this is that in cases of real peer disagreement our beliefs fail to be safe. The nonconformist, on the other hand, is right in that disagreement in itself does not have any epistemic power. It is only by the grace of nature that we gain knowledge. The fact that someone disagrees with you does not mean that you do not have knowledge.
Are integrated impact assessments the way forward for mainstreaming in the European Union?
Authors: Smismans Stijn , Minto Rachel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article assesses the utility of impact assessments (IAs) as an effective tool for mainstreaming. Specifically, it analyses whether the European Union's (EU's) system of integrated impact assessments (IIAs) contributes to the realization of six mainstreaming objectives defined in the EU treaties. The article first studies whether the legal framework for the EU's system of IIAs makes it a viable tool for mainstreaming. It then proceeds with an empirical analysis of 35 IAs to assess the extent to which mainstreaming objectives are taken into account in practice. The analysis shows that all six mainstreaming objectives have a place within the IIA system, but the system does not ensure systematic consideration of them. There is considerable variation across mainstreaming agendas, as well as across Directorates‐General. The article concludes that the IIA system is no panacea for mainstreaming, and proposes changes to the institutional framework to improve its mainstreaming potential.
Hidden Obesity in Dialysis Patients: Clinical Implications
Authors: Abramowitz Matthew K. , Sharma Deep , Folkert Vaughn W. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhile body‐mass index (BMI) is used to diagnose obesity in the general population, its application in the end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) population is fraught with difficulty. A major limitation is its inability to distinguish muscle mass from fat mass, thereby leading to misclassification of individuals with poor muscle mass but excess adipose tissue as non‐obese (i.e. BMI <30 kg/m2). As muscle wasting is common among ESRD patients, this is an important problem. A substantial proportion of ESRD patients have levels of BMI in the normal range, yet excess adiposity based on other measures. The importance of this “hidden” obesity remains to be determined, but it must be recognized in order for obesity interventions to be appropriately targeted and tested in the ESRD population.
Quantitatively Oriented Forms of Journalism and Their Epistemology
Authors: Splendore Sergio 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe contemporary availability of data and the growing possibility of their processing have also influenced the journalistic field. Several global news companies have embraced and enhanced forms of data use. This article provides an overview of research and analysis on the journalistic use of data. It discusses three broad definitions of data, computational, and automated journalism. It then debates their epistemological implications at each stage of news production (access, processing, and editing). Finally, it outlines factors that influence their future implication, focusing on education.
How Does Family Policy ‘Work’? Job Context, Flexibility, and Maternity Leave Policy
Authors: Dengate Jennifer L. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractUsing evidence from Canada and the United States, I review the literature on workplace flexibility and one‐size‐fits‐all federal maternity leave policy as it relates to maternal job context. The literature suggests that job variation is central to accessing work–family policy due to differences in job characteristics, demands, and overriding workplace norms. As a result, the opportunities for and consequences of flexibility and leave vary significantly between high and low wage employment contexts. Accordingly, the evidence suggests that policy development would benefit from taking job context into account.