bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOREACTIONS OF DIPHOSPHINES WITH BENZOPHENONE
Authors: OKAZAKI R. , TAMURA K. , HIRABAYASHI Y. , INAMOTO N. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Licht (Pyrer‐Filter) induzierte Reaktion des Phosphins (I) mit Benzophenon (II) und anschließende Behandlung mit Schwefel ergeben die Verbindungen (III)‐(VI); unter sonst analogen Bedingungen aber mit Licht von Wellenlänge 340 nm werden zusätzlich das Oxiran (VIIa) und das Thiiran (VIIb) gebildet.
ChemInform Abstract: STABLE CARBOCATIONS. 187. TERTIARY 2‐BENZONORBORNENYL CATIONS
Authors: OLAH G. A. , LIANG G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Kationen (II) wurden aus entsprechenden endo‐Norbornenolen (I) oder analogen Verbindungen dargestellt und bezüglich ihrer Stabilität und ihres Verhaltens 1H‐ und 13C‐NMR‐ spektroskopisch untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: KINETIC ISOTOPE EFFECTS IN THE REACTIONS OF 4‐NITROPHENYLNITROMETHANE WITH VARIOUS BASES IN CHLOROBENZENE
Authors: CALDIN E. F. , PARBHOO D. M. , WILSON C. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Kinetik des Protonen‐ und Deuteronen‐Transfers bei der Reaktion von 4‐Nitrophenyl‐nitromethan (NPN) mit Triäthylamin und Chinuclidin in Chlorbenzol sowie die Isotopeneffekte auf kinetische und thermodynamische Parameter bei den Reaktionen von NPN mit den Basen in Chlorbenzol, Toluol, Anisol und Acetonitril werden untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: REVERSAL OF STEREOSPECIFICITY DURING ALLYLIC HYDROPEROXIDATION OF 3‐NORCARENE AND BICYCLO(4.2.0)OCT‐3‐ENE DERIVATIVES ARISING FROM STRUCTURALLY ENFORCED QUENCHING OF SINGLET OXYGEN BY THE HYDRAZIDE FUNCTIONALITY
Authors: PAQUETTE L. A. , LIAO C. C. , LIOTTA D. C. , FRISTAD W. E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Epoxidation des Norcarens (I) mit m‐Chlor‐perbenzoesäure in Methylenchlorid ergibt ein syn‐anti‐Produktgemisch, in dem das syn‐Isomere bevorzugt gebildet wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF IODINE OXIDE WITH ALKENES
Authors: CAMBIE R. C. , HAYWARD R. C. , LINDSAY B. G. , PHAN A. I. T. , RUTLEDGE P. S. , WOODGATE P. D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSolvatisiertes I20, das durch Ozonolyse einer Lösung von Jod in Acetanhydrid (Methode A) oder Trifluoracetanhydrid (Methode B) erzeugt wird, reagiert mit Alkenen regiospezifisch unter Bildung von vicinalen Jodacetaten, Jodhydrinen und Jodketonen.
ChemInform Abstract: CYANOCARBOXYLATION OF ACTIVATED OLEFINS
Authors: WHITE D. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie monoaktivierten Olefine (I) werden mit dem Ammoniumcyanid (II) in die Salze (III) übergeführt, von denen (IIIa) bis (IIIc) mit CH3J glatt zu den Estern (IVa)‐(IVc) reagieren, während (IIId) mit CH3J ein Gemisch aus (IVc) und (IVd) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND REACTIONS OF PERHALOGENATED THIOCARBONYLS
Authors: DIDERRICH G. , HAAS A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Thiocarbonyle (I) (Darstellungsmethoden durch Halogenaustausch zwischen CIQCS und BBr3 bzw. durch andere geeignete Austausch‐ und Folgereaktionczn sind beschrieben) addieren ClF unter Bildung der Sulfensäurechloride (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF (2,2‐2H2)‐, (3,3‐2H2)‐, (2,2,4,4‐2H4)‐, AND (2,2,3,3,5,5‐2H6)CYCLOPENTANONE
Authors: LERIVEREND M.‐L. , LERIVEREND P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie deuterierten Cyclopentanone (IV) wurden aus dem D4‐Cyclobutanon (I) über die Methylenderivate (II) und die aus diesen bei der Behandlung mit m‐Chlorperbenzoesäure entstehenden Epoxide dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: β‐ADRENERGIC BLOCKING AGENTS. 13. (3‐AMINO‐2‐HYDROXYPROPOXY)BENZAMIDES
Authors: SMITH L. H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus den substituierten Äthern (I) und den Aminen (II) werden die Aminoalkohole (III) erhalten, die auch über die Chlorhydrine (IV) zugänglich sind.
ChemInform Abstract: POLYCARBONYL COMPOUNDS. PART 18. SYNTHESIS OF A PHENYL‐SUBSTITUTED THIOXOHYDROCARBON OF TRIANGULAR (CYCLOPROPENE) ACIDS
Authors: SEITZ G. H. R. , ARNDT G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPhenyltrichlorcyclopropen (I) wird mit Trimethylsilyldimethylamin in das Bis‐dimethylamino‐cyclopropenylium‐Derivat (II) und mit Schwefelwasserstoff in Pyridin weiter zum Dimethylaminophenylcyclopropenthion (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: CONDENSED CYCLIC AND BRIDGED‐RING SYSTEMS. PART V. APPLICATION OF THE INTRAMOLECULAR OXO‐CARBENOID INSERTION REACTION TO THE PREPARATION OF TWO NEW BRIDGED‐RING KETONES
Authors: GHATAK U. R. , RAY J. K. , CHAKRABARTY S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas aus der Carbonsäure (Ia) zugängliche Diazoketon (IIa) geht beim Erhitzen mit Cu‐sulfat in THF (Methode A) bzw. beim Bestrahlen seiner Cyclohexan‐ Lösung in Gegenwart von CuO (Methode B) in das überbrückte neue Ringketon (III) über.
ChemInform Abstract: 5,8,16,19‐TETRA‐TERT‐BUTYL‐6,17,23‐TRISDEHYDRO(22)BI(10.10.2)ANNULENE. A CONDENSED NONBENZENOID AROMATIC SYSTEM CONSISTING OF TWO 14Π‐ELECTRON SYSTEMS
Authors: AKIYAMA S. , IYODA M. , NAKAGAWA M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindung mit der nach UV‐ und NMR‐Spektrum am besten durch (IX) zu beschreibenden Resonanzhybridstruktur wurde wie folgt dargestellt: Aldol‐Kondensation von (I) mit (II) liefert das Keton (IIIa), das durch Reaktion mit EtzNLi (THF, ‐78°C), dann Me3SiCl als Silylderivat (IIIb) geschützt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: EXPERIMENTS TOWARDS THE SYNTHESIS OF CORRINS. PART XI. ATTEMPTED SYNTHESIS OF F β‐DINITRONES BY OXIDATIVE ROUTES
Authors: BLACK D. ST. C. , CLARK V. M. , ODELL B. G. , SUTHERLAND I. O. , TODD L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOxidation des Nitronhydroxylamins (Ia) mit K3[Fe(CN)6] bzw. mit MnOz ergibt das tetrasubstituierte Äthan (IIa) als Gemisch von zwei Isomeren A (27% bzw. 39%) und B (23% bzw. 13%); bei der Oxidation mit Chloranil in Benzol bzw. mit Luft in Gegenwart von Cu‐acetat/NH3 entsteht ausschließlich das Isomere A (50% Ausbeute).
ChemInform Abstract: EXPERIMENTS TOWARDS THE SYNTHESIS OF CORRINS. PART XIV. OXIDATIVE DECARBOXYLATION OF 1‐HYDROXYPYRROLIDINE‐2‐CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND OXIDATION OF SOME Δ1‐PYRROLINE 1‐OXIDES BY HYPOBROMITE
Authors: ALDERSON G. W. , BLACK D. ST. C. , CLARK V. M. , TODD L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie A′ ‐Pyrrolin‐2‐carboxy‐1‐oxide (I) bzw. (IV) werden katalytische zu den Hydroxycarboxypyrrolidinen (II) bzw. (V) hydriert, die durch NaOBr bei pH 9 zu den Pyrrolinoxiden (III) bzw. (VI) oxidativ decarboxyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: TRAPPING OF THIAZIRIDINIMINES WITH THIOCARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: L'ABBE G. , YU C.‐C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem Thiatriazolin (I) entsteht bei der Thermolyse eine Zwischenstufe (II), die mit dem 4,4′‐Bismethoxy‐thiobenzophenon (II‐I) in Form des Adduktes (IV) abgefangen wird.
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF HETEROANALOGS OF ISOFLAVONES. IV. SYNTHESIS OF PYRAZOLE ANALOGS OF ISOFLAVONES
Authors: KHILYA V. P. , GRISHKO L. G. , ZHUL' T. I. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem Pyrazolylacetonitril (I) werden durch Umsetzung mit Resoreinen (II) Pyrazolylacetophenone (III) erhalten, deren Hydroxygruppen mit Dimethylsulfat methyliert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: 9‐NOR‐9‐HYDROXYHEXAHYDROCANNABINOLS. SYNTHESIS, SOME BEHAVIORAL AND ANALGESIC PROPERTIES, AND COMPARISON WITH THE TETRAHYDROCANNABINOLS
Authors: WILSON R. S. , MAY E. L. , MARTIN B. R. , DEWEY W. L. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus den beiden Ketonen (Ia) und (Ib) werden mit Boranat die isomeren Carbinole (II) hergestellt, die gaschromatographisch getrennt werden können und überwiegend aus der äquatorialen Form (III) bestehen, während mit Kalium‐tris‐sek.‐butylboranat überwiegend die axiale Verbindung (IV) erhalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 2‐AMINOPYRIDINE WITH PICRYL HALIDES
Authors: HARRIS B. W. , COBURN M. D. , PAPADOPOULOS E. P. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract2‐Amino‐pyridin (I) ergibt mit den Pikrylhalogeniden (II) neben den Z‐Imino‐pyridin‐Derivaten (IIIa) und (IIIb) das .2ePikrylamino‐pyridin (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: IRREVERSIBLE ENZYME INHIBITORS. INHIBITORS OF GUINEA PIG COMPLEMENT DERIVED BY QUATERNIZATION OF SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES WITH BENZYL HALIDES
Authors: DOLL M. H. , BAKER B. R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn Tabellen werden 88 N‐Benzyl‐pyridinium‐Salze (I) aufgeführt, die als irreversible Enzym‐Inhibitoren untersucht werden sollen.
ChemInform Abstract: 8‐OXO‐8H‐1,2,4,‐OXADIAZOLO(2,3‐I)PURINES
Authors: DEVLIN J. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindungen (Ia) bzw. (Ib) entstehen in 92 bzw. 90%iger Ausbeute durch Kondensation von Adenin‐1‐N‐oxid bzw. 9‐Benzyl‐adenin‐1‐N‐oxid mit Äthylchlorformiat in Pyridin (Massenspektren).
ChemInform Abstract: HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS. VII. SYNTHESIS OF THIADIAZASTEROID ANALOGS
Authors: MANHAS M. S. , RAO V. V. , AMIN S. G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus Cyclohexanon (I) entsteht mit Malodinitril (II) und Diäthylamin (III) in Gegenwart von Schwefel das Cyclisierungsprodukt (IVa), das in das Amid (IVb) übergeführt und zu (V) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,3‐THIAZINEDIONES AND PYRIMIDINEDIONES. I. STRUCTURE AND TAUTOMERISM OF 2‐SUBSTITUTED 4,6‐DIOXODIHYDRO‐1,3‐THIAZINES
Authors: BEILIN V. G. , GINDIN V. A. , KIRILLOVA E. N. , DASHKEVICH L. B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem Thioamid (Ia) und den Thiocarbamaten (Ib) werden durch Umsetzung mit Kohlensuboxid die Dioxodihydrothiazine (II) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 3‐THIO DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDO(2,3‐E)‐AS‐TRIAZINE
Authors: POSTOVSKII I. YA. , AZEV YU. A. , MOKRUSHINA G. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Amino‐hydrazino‐pyridine (I) reagieren mit Schwefelkohlenstoff zu Tetrahydropyrido‐triazinthionen (II), deren Methylierung die Methylderivate (III) bzw. (IV) liefert.
ChemInform Abstract: MANNICH REACTIONS. SYNTHESIS OF 4,5‐DIHYDROPYRROLO(1,2‐A)QUINOXALINES, 2,3,4,5‐TETRAHYDRO‐1H‐PYRROLO(1,2‐A)(1,4)DIAZEPINES AND 5,6‐DIHYDRO‐4H‐PYRROLO(1,2‐A)(1,4)BENZODIAZEPINES
Authors: RAINES S. , CHAI S. Y. , PALOPOLI F. P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractN‐2‐Aminophenyl‐pyrrole (I) reagieren mit den Oxo‐ Verbindungen (II) zu den Cyclisierungsprodukten (III), in der homologen Reihe werden aus (IV) die kondensierten Diazepin‐Derivate (V) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: DERIVATIVES OF SUBSTITUTED VINYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS. XXV. PHOSPHORYLATION OF SEMIMERCAPTALS AND SEMIMERCAPTOLS BY PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE
Authors: MOSKVA V. V. , SITDIKOVA T. SH , RAZUMOV A. I. , ZYKOVA T. V. , SALAKHUTDINOV R. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractGemische aus Acetaldehyd (I) und Alkylmercaptanen (II) vermischt man mit Phosphorpentachlorid.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION AND STEREOCHEMISTRY OF SOME PHOSPHORUS SELENOATES. THE STEREOCHEMISTRY OF DISPLACEMENTS OF S‐ALKYL AND SE‐ALKYL GROUPS FROM PHOSPHORUS
Authors: HALL C. R. , INCH T. D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIorverbindungen The Preparation and Stereochemistry of Some Phosphorus‐Selenoates.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF HEXACHLOROCYCLOTRIPHOSPHAZENE WITH AMIDES TO FORM NITRILES
Authors: WALSH E. J. , SMEGAL J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHexachlorcyclotriphosphazen (I) setzt sich mit Salicylsäureamid (II) in Gegenwart von Triäthylamin bei einem 1:1‐molaren Reaktantenverhältnis zum Produkt (III) und bei Anwendung eines Überschusses des Amids (II) zur Verbindung (IV) um.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROPHILIC AND OXIDATIVE ADDITION REACTIONS OF TUNGSTEN THIOCARBONYL COMPLEXES
Authors: DOMBEK B. D. , ANGELICI R. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDer W‐Komplex (II) wird durch Brom am Metall oxidiert und liefert nach Zugabe von Triphenylphosphin das Substitutionsprodukt (I).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF COORDINATED MOLECULES. 6. PREPARATION OF TRIS‐CHELATE COMPLEXES CONTAINING METALLO‐β‐DIKETONATE LIGANDS
Authors: LUKEHART C. M. , TORRENCE G. P. , ZEILE J. V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBei der nucleophilen Addition einer organischen Li‐Verbindung an einen CO‐Liganden der Mn‐ oder Re‐Acylkomplexe (I) wird ein cis‐Diacylmetallatanion gebildet, das ebenso wie Enolat‐Anionen von β‐ Diketonen mit Ga‐ oder Al‐chlorid neutrale Tris‐Chelatkomplexe (II) bildet.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION‐COMPLEXATION OF THIOPHOSPHINATES BY NICKELOCENE
Authors: MATHEY F. , THAVARD D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Phosphorinan (I) lagert sich bei 250°C zum Phospholan (II) um, aus dem man durch Behandeln mit P4819 die Thioverbindung (III) erhält.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOINDUCED OXIDATION OF COORDINATED LIGANDS IN TRANS‐CARBONYLCHLOROBIS(TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE)RHODIUM. GENERATION OF A DECARBONYLATION AGENT
Authors: GEOFFROY G. L. , DENTON D. A. , KEENEY M. E. , BUCKS R. R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUltraviolette Bestrahlung luftgesättigter Lösungen des Titelkomplexes (Ia) resultiert in Oxidation von CO zu CO, und von PPh3 zu P(O)Ph3 und in der Bildung des oligomeren Komplexes (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF ACETYLENES WITH TRANSITION METALS. VII. STERIC EFFECTS IN THE OLIGOMERIZATION OF DIARYLACETYLENES
Authors: STAICU S. , DINULESCU I. G. , CHIRALEU F. , AVRAM M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDurch Behandeln des Salzes (I) mit verschiedenen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen und nachfolgende photochemisch induzierte Decarbonylierung gelangt man über (III) zu den Acetylenen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF CATIONIC PENTACOORDINATE NITROSYL COMPLEXES
Authors: GHEDINI M. , DOLCETTI G. , GANDOLFI O. , GIOVANNITTI B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAcetonitril‐Suspensionen der Jodokomplexe (I) reagieren mit stöchiometrischen Mengen AgPFÖ′ in Acetonitril zu den kationischen Titelkomplexen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: METALLOINTERCALATION REAGENTS. SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF THIOLATO(2,2′,2′′‐TERPYRIDINE)PLATINUM(II) COMPLEXES
Authors: JENNETTE K. W. , GILL J. T. , SADOWNICK J. A. , LIPPARD S. J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDie Verbindung (Ia) wurde durch Reaktion von Chloro‐terpyridylplatin mit Ag‐nitrat in wässriger Lösung und Weiterreaktion des entstehenden Aquokomplexes mit 2‐Mercaptoäthanol als Nitrat erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: SILYL PHOSPHITES. IV. A NEW METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF 5′‐AMINONUCLEOSIDES AND THEIR PHOSPHORAMIDATE DERIVATIVES
Authors: HATA T. , YAMAMOTO I. , SEKINE M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDas Azid (I) wird zu (III) silyliert, das durch Reduktion mit Trimethylsilylphosphit in das Amin (V) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: 6‐OXA ANALOGS OF PYRIMIDINES AND PYRIMIDINE NUCLEOSIDES. SYNTHESIS OF 5‐AMINO‐6H‐1,2,4‐OXADIAZIN‐3(2H)‐ONE, 2‐β‐D‐RIBOFURANOSYL‐6H‐1,2,4‐OXADIAZINE‐3,5(2H,4H)‐DIONE, AND RELATED DERIVATIVES
Authors: BERKOWITZ P. T. , ROBINS R. K. , DEA P. , LONG R. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus (I) entsteht der Bis‐trimethylsilyläther (II), der zu (III) aminiert und dann erneut zu (I) verseift werden kann.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRODUCTION OF AN AZIDE GROUP INTO SOME URIDINE DERIVATIVES VIA 2′,3′‐BENZOXONIUM AND 2′‐3′‐AZIDONIUM INTERMEDIATES
Authors: SASAKI T. , MINAMOTO K. , SUGIURA T. , NIWA M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAus dem Uracil (I) werden die Derivate (II) und (III) hergestellt.
Solution Structure and Constrained Molecular Dynamics Study of Vitamin B12 Conjugates of the Anorectic Peptide PYY(3–36)
Authors: Henry Kelly E. , Kerwood Deborah J. , Allis Damian G. , Workinger Jayme L. , Bonaccorso Ron L. , Holz George G. , Roth Christian L. , Zubieta Jon , Doyle Robert P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractVitamin B12–peptide conjugates have considerable therapeutic potential through improved pharmacokinetic and/or pharmacodynamic properties imparted on the peptide upon covalent attachment to vitamin B12 (B12). There remains a lack of structural studies investigating the effects of B12 conjugation on peptide secondary structure. Determining the solution structure of a B12–peptide conjugate or conjugates and measuring functions of the conjugate(s) at the target peptide receptor may offer considerable insight concerning the future design of fully optimized conjugates. This methodology is especially useful in tandem with constrained molecular dynamics (MD) studies, such that predictions may be made about conjugates not yet synthesized. Focusing on two B12 conjugates of the anorectic peptide PYY(3–36), one of which was previously demonstrated to have improved food intake reduction compared with PYY(3–36), we performed NMR structural analyses and used the information to conduct MD simulations. The study provides rare structural insight into vitamin B12 conjugates and validates the fact that B12 can be conjugated to a peptide without markedly affecting peptide secondary structure.
Structure–Resistance Relationships: Interrogating Antiseptic Resistance in Bacteria with Multicationic Quaternary Ammonium Dyes
Authors: Forman Megan E. , Fletcher Madison H. , Jennings Megan C. , Duggan Stephanie M. , Minbiole Kevin P. C. , Wuest William M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBacterial resistance toward commonly used biocides is a widespread yet underappreciated problem, one which needs not only a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which resistance proliferates, but also means for mitigation. To advance our understanding of this issue, we recognized a polyaromatic structural core analogous to activators of QacR, a negative transcriptional regulator of the efflux pump QacA, and envisioned a series of quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) based on this motif. Using commercially available dye scaffolds, we synthesized and evaluated the antimicrobial activity of 52 novel QACs bearing 1–3 quaternary ammonium centers. Striking differences in antimicrobial activity against bacteria bearing QAC resistance genes have been observed, with up to a 125‐fold increase in minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for select structures against bacteria known to bear efflux pumps. Based on these findings, general trends in structure–resistance relationships have been identified, laying the groundwork for future mechanistic studies.
Tellurium‐Containing Polymers: Towards Biomaterials and Optoelectronic Materials
Authors: Wang Lu , Cao Wei , Xu Huaping 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTellurium‐containing polymers have become increasingly attractive owing to their unique properties as biomaterials and optoelectronic materials. The relatively large atomic size and low electronegativity of tellurium give it with many unique properties, such as coordination ability and redox sensitivity. The introduction of tellurium can endow materials with different responsiveness, which makes it possible for them to be employed as biomaterials. The narrow band gap of polytellurophene also allows its use in optoelectronic materials. In this focus review, we highlight a series of recent advances in tellurium‐containing polymers. First, tellurium‐containing amphiphilic block copolymers are summarized; these species can self‐assemble to form aggregates with coordination‐responsive and reactive oxygen species‐responsive properties. Then, we describe both tellurophene‐containing homopolymers and copolymers, including their synthesis, chemical properties, and applications in different optoelectronic devices. It is anticipated that tellurium‐containing polymers will have more applications in material science.
Ultrafine Au and Ag Nanoparticles Synthesized from Self‐Assembled Peptide Fibers and Their Excellent Catalytic Activity
Authors: Xu Wenlong , Hong Yue , Hu Yuanyuan , Hao Jingcheng , Song Aixin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe self‐assembly of an amphiphilic peptide molecule to form nanofibers facilitated by Ag+ ions was investigated. Ultrafine AgNPs (NPs=nanoparticles) with an average size of 1.67 nm were synthesized in situ along the fibers due to the weak reducibility of the ‐SH group on the peptide molecule. By adding NaBH4 to the peptide solution, ultrafine AgNPs and AuNPs were synthesized with an average size of 1.35 and 1.18 nm, respectively. The AuNPs, AgNPs, and AgNPs/nanofibers all exhibited excellent catalytic activity toward the reduction of 4‐nitrophenol, with turnover frequency (TOF) values of 720, 188, and 96 h−1, respectively. Three dyes were selected for catalytic degradation by the prepared nanoparticles and the nanoparticles showed selective catalysis activity toward the different dyes. It was a surprising discovery that the ultrafine AuNPs in this work had an extremely high catalytic activity toward methylene blue, with a reaction rate constant of 0.21 s−1 and a TOF value of 1899 h−1.
Unprecedented Carbonato Intermediates in Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis Catalysed by Bimetallic Aluminium(Salen) Complexes
Authors: Castro‐Osma José A. , North Michael , Offermans Willem K. , Leitner Walter , Müller Thomas E. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe mechanism by which [Al(salen)]2O complexes catalyse the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide in the absence of a halide cocatalyst has been investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) studies, mass spectrometry and 1H NMR, 13C NMR and infrared spectroscopies provide evidence for the formation of an unprecedented carbonato bridged bimetallic aluminium complex which is shown to be a key intermediate for the halide‐free synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. Deuterated and enantiomerically‐pure epoxides were used to study the reaction pathway. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, a catalytic cycle is proposed.
Inside packet sampling techniques: exploring modularity to enhance network measurements
Authors: Silva João Marco C. , Carvalho Paulo , Lima Solange Rito 
Published: March 2016

SummaryTraffic sampling is viewed as a prominent strategy contributing to lightweight and scalable network measurements. Although multiple sampling techniques have been proposed and used to assist network engineering tasks, these techniques tend to address a single measurement purpose, without detailing the network overhead and computational costs involved. The lack of a modular approach when defining the components of traffic sampling techniques also makes difficult their analysis. Providing a modular view of sampling techniques and classifying their characteristics is, therefore, an important step to enlarge the sampling scope, improve the efficiency of measurement systems, and sustain forthcoming research in the area. Thus, this paper defines a taxonomy of traffic sampling techniques resorting to a comprehensive analysis of the inner components of existing proposals. After identifying granularity, selection scheme, and selection trigger as the main components differentiating sampling proposals, the study goes deeper on characterizing these components, including insights into their computational weight. Following this taxonomy, a general‐purpose architecture is established to sustain the development of flexible sampling‐based measurement systems. Traveling inside packet sampling techniques, this paper contributes to a clearer positioning and comparison of existing proposals, providing a road map to assist further research and deployments in the area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Landscape Perceptions and Social Evaluation of Heritage‐Building Processes
Authors: Rodríguez‐Darias Alberto , Santana‐Talavera Agustín , Díaz‐Rodríguez Pablo 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAccording to the European Landscape Convention, landscapes are how populations perceive and identify their territory. The evaluation of these landscapes and their preservation processes depends on a complex interaction of economic, socio‐demographic and cultural variables. In this paper, we present the results of a quantitative and qualitative study on the influences that gender, place of birth, occupation, income, level of education and proximity of residence to a protected environmental area have on people's evaluation of the process to declare a national park on the island of Fuerteventura (Canary Islands). The results show that the degree and type of involvement with the territory are the most significant variables related to the evaluation of such a process. These variables are essential to consider when reaching agreements with different groups of stakeholders in ‘step zero’ of the declaration of a protected area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment