bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National multicentre audit of pregnancy status in general surgery admissions in Scotland
Authors: Wilson Michael S J , Powell-Bowns Matilda , Robertson Andrew G , Luhmann Andreas , Richards Colin H ,   Scottish Surgical Research Group, Hurley Rhona , El-Medany Ahmed , Inwood Claire-Louise , Mason Saskia , Gillan Angela S , Williams Susan , Thomas Rachel , Maybin Bryan , Barry Carol , Rutherford Fiona , Prentice Graham , McKay Alastair C , Crozier Joseph E , Shearer Rosalyn D , Sinclair Jenny , Brooke Eleanor , Coats Maria , Chong Terence , Yung Diana E , Heller Naomi , Bisset Carly , Arthur Laura , Anderson Robert , Knight Katrina , Kay Christopher , Gillespie Michael , Davidson Caroline J , Couves Adam , McGuire Carina , Alexander Peter , Inam Imran Z , Maloney Jay , Simpson Nick , Gill Nina , Sharmini Sivarajah , Semple Ewan , Wilson Esther , Ewing Anne S , Kent Frances , Young Adam , Dodds Naomi , Baggaley Alice , Ibrahim Bilial , Ibrahim Ibrahim 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundDocumentation of pregnancy status (PS) is an integral component of the assessment of women of reproductive age when admitted to hospital. Our aim was to determine how accurately PS was documented in a multicentre audit of female admissions to general surgery.MethodsA prospective multicentre audit of elective and emergency admissions was performed in 18 Scottish centres between 08:00 on 11 May 2015 and 07:59 on 25 May 2015. The lower age limit was the minimum age for admission to the adult surgical ward and the upper age limit was 55 years.ResultsThere were 2743 admissions, with 612 (22.3%) women of reproductive age. After 82 exclusions, the final total was 530: 169 (31.9%) elective and 361 (68.1%) emergency. Documentation of PS was achieved in 274 (51.7%) cases: 52 (30.8%) elective and 222 (61.5%) emergency. In 318 (88.1%) of the emergency admissions, the patient had abdominal pain. Of these, 211 (65.1%) had a documented PS. The possibility of pregnancy was established in 237 (44.7%) cases.DiscussionEstablishing the possibility of pregnancy before surgery is poor, particularly in the elective setting. Objective documentation of PS in the emergency setting in those with abdominal pain is also poor. Our study highlights an important safety issue in the management of female patients. We advocate electronic storage of pregnancy test results and new guidelines to cover both elective and emergency surgery. PS should form part of the pre-theatre safety brief and checklist.
Drug-specific risk and characteristics of lupus and vasculitis-like events in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with TNFi: results from BSRBR-RA
Authors: Jani Meghna , Dixon William G , Kersley-Fleet Lianne , Bruce Ian N , Chinoy Hector , Barton Anne , Lunt Mark , Watson Kath ,   BSRBR-RA*,   BSRBR-RA Control Centre Consortium*, Symmons Deborah P , Hyrich Kimme L 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo compare the risk of lupus-like events (LLEs) and vasculitis-like events (VLEs) in tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitor (TNFi)-treated patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to those receiving non-biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (nbDMARDs).MethodsPatients were recruited to the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register—RA, a national prospective cohort study. Two cohorts recruited between 2001 and 2015: (1) patients starting first TNFi (adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab and certolizumab) (n=12 937) and (2) biological-naïve comparison cohort receiving nbDMARDs (n=3673). The risk of an event was compared between the two cohorts using Cox proportional-hazard models, adjusted using propensity scores. Rates of LLE/VLE were compared between TNFi and nbDMARD patients.ResultsThe crude incidence rates for LLEs were: TNFi 10/10 000 patient-years (pyrs) (95% CI 8 to 13) and nbDMARD 2/10 000 pyrs (95% CI 1 to 6); for VLEs: TNFi 15/10 000 pyrs (95% CI 12 to 19) and nbDMARD 7/10 000 pyrs (95% CI 4 to 12). The risk of both events was highest in the first year of TNFi treatment. After adjusting for differences in baseline characteristics, there was no difference in risk of LLEs (adjHR 1.86; 95% CI 0.52 to 6.58) or VLEs (adjHR 1.27; 95% CI 0.40 to 4.04) for TNFi compared to nbDMARD-treated patients. Infliximab conferred the highest overall risk, followed by etanercept, although 95% CIs overlapped following adjustment.ConclusionsIn one of the largest biological registers, the absolute risk of both events is low. The addition of TNFi to nbDMARD does not alter the risk of either event in patients with RA selected for TNFi. This is the first study to assess the risk of these outcomes in a prospective, observational cohort.
Diverse Facets in Identities and Party Affiliations of Native Taiwanese Elders
Authors: CHU FENG-YI 
Published: January 2017

There exists a conventional stereotype about native Taiwanese elders that were born in and lived through the Japanese rule before 1945. On the one hand, some politicians and political commentators derogatorily call them the “Kominka generation,” reinforcing the image of this group of having strong affection for and even intense loyalty to the previous Japanese regime. On the other hand, although many researchers have pointed out this cohorts’ strong cultural ties to Han ethnicity — some even possessed nostalgic feelings toward China — in the colonial period, the researchers also emphasized the emergence of their strong sense of being Taiwanese when they suffered various political and cultural discrimination from the new Chinese dominant class after 1945. Therefore, both perspectives falsely imagine this cohort to be definitely identifying themselves as Taiwanese, rejecting Chinese identity, opposing the Kuomintang (KMT), and supporting the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP). This paper aims to challenge these stereotypes. By adopting the techniques of grounded theory, the paper shows rich diversity not only in this cohort’s perceptions toward the political parties but also in their identity patterns. Furthermore three themes are identified in these participants’ explanation for their political orientations: economic development, social stability and security, and the cultural hierarchy that gives the KMT elites higher symbolic values than native political elites.
Morphometric analysis of scoria cones: the potential for inferring process from shape
Authors: Bemis Karen G. , Ferencz Margot 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Geometric analysis was used to define seven morphometric parameters for the description of the shape of scoria cones, including volume, orientation and five shape parameters (flat-topped-ness, steep-sided-ness, relative crater depth, crater slope and elongation). The measurement and analysis of these shape factors for five distinct scoria cone populations facilitated an exploration of the overlapping effects of growth and erosion processes on shape. Flat-topped-ness seemed to be insensitive to either growth or erosion, suggesting a dependence on eruption energetics. Most of the variation in steep-sided-ness originated from eruptions ending during variable (early to mature) stages of development (growth) and from erosional processes, although steep-sided-ness was also sensitive to eruption energetics (through fragmentation and its impact on the angle of repose). Steep-sided-ness was therefore a poor indicator of geomorphic age. Distinct types of scoria cone shape (ideal, gully, horseshoe, tilted, crater row, parasitic and amorphous) captured a variety of deviations in shape from the purely conical, yet the conical shape parameters differed little in average value between the shape types. The conical shape parameters captured the growth and erosion processes (e.g. ballistic delivery, tephra redistribution via avalanching and erosional transport) common to all scoria cones rather than the particular processes that made the shape types unique (e.g. breaching, rafting and wind effects).

Supplementary material:
Locations of examples of the shape types are available at
https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3661907
Family History of Breast Cancer, Breast Density, and Breast Cancer Risk in a U.S. Breast Cancer Screening Population
Authors: Ahern Thomas P. , Sprague Brian L. , Bissell Michael C.S. , Miglioretti Diana L. , Buist Diana S.M. , Braithwaite Dejana , Kerlikowske Karla 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background: The utility of incorporating detailed family history into breast cancer risk prediction hinges on its independent contribution to breast cancer risk. We evaluated associations between detailed family history and breast cancer risk while accounting for breast density.
Methods: We followed 222,019 participants ages 35 to 74 in the Breast Cancer Surveillance Consortium, of whom 2,456 developed invasive breast cancer. We calculated standardized breast cancer risks within joint strata of breast density and simple (1st-degree female relative) or detailed (first-degree, second-degree, or first- and second-degree female relative) breast cancer family history. We fit log-binomial models to estimate age-specific breast cancer associations for simple and detailed family history, accounting for breast density.
Results: Simple first-degree family history was associated with increased breast cancer risk compared with no first-degree history [Risk ratio (RR), 1.5; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0–2.1 at age 40; RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3–1.7 at age 50; RR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.2–1.6 at age 60; RR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1–1.5 at age 70). Breast cancer associations with detailed family history were strongest for women with first- and second-degree family history compared with no history (RR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.1–3.2 at age 40); this association weakened in higher age groups (RR, 1.2; 95% CI, 0.88–1.5 at age 70). Associations did not change substantially when adjusted for breast density.
Conclusions: Even with adjustment for breast density, a history of breast cancer in both first- and second-degree relatives is more strongly associated with breast cancer than simple first-degree family history.
Impact: Future efforts to improve breast cancer risk prediction models should evaluate detailed family history as a risk factor. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 938–44. ©2017 AACR.
Serum C-peptide, Total and High Molecular Weight Adiponectin, and Pancreatic Cancer: Do Associations Differ by Smoking?
Authors: Nogueira Leticia M. , Newton Christina C. , Pollak Michael , Silverman Debra T. , Albanes Demetrius , Männistö Satu , Weinstein Stephanie J , Jacobs Eric J. , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Background: Studies examining associations between circulating concentrations of C-peptide and total adiponectin, two biomarkers related to obesity and insulin secretion and sensitivity and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) risk have shown inconsistent results and included limited numbers of smokers.
Methods: We examined associations of these biomarkers and high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin with PDA, overall, and by smoking status. We conducted a pooled nested case–control analysis in 3 cohorts (Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Trial, Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention Study, and Cancer Prevention Study-II), with 758 cases (435 current smokers) and 1,052 controls (531 smokers) matched by cohort, age, sex, race, blood draw date and follow-up time. We used conditional logistic regression adjusted for age, smoking, diabetes, and body mass index to calculate ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results: Circulating C-peptide concentration was not associated with PDA in never or former smokers, but was inversely associated with PDA in current smokers (per SD OR = 0.67; 95% CI, 0.54–0.84; Pinteraction = 0.005). HMW adiponectin was inversely associated with PDA in never smokers (OR = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.23–0.81), not associated in former smokers, and positively associated in smokers (OR = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.04–1.45; Pinteraction = 0.009). Total adiponectin was not associated with PDA in nonsmokers or current smokers.
Conclusions: Associations of biomarkers of insulin secretion and sensitivity with PDA differ by smoking status. Smoking-induced pancreatic damage may explain the associations in smokers while mechanisms related to insulin resistance associations in nonsmokers.
Impact: Future studies of these biomarkers and PDA should examine results by smoking status. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(6); 914–22. ©2017 AACR.
Antileukemia Efficacy and Mechanisms of Action of SL-101, a Novel Anti-CD123 Antibody Conjugate, in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Han Lina , Jorgensen Jeffrey L. , Brooks Chris , Shi Ce , Zhang Qi , Nogueras González Graciela M. , Cavazos Antonio , Pan Rongqing , Mu Hong , Wang Sa A. , Zhou Jin , AI-Atrash Gheath , Ciurea Stefan O. , Rettig Mike , DiPersio John F. , Cortes Jorge , Huang Xuelin , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Andreeff Michael , Ravandi Farhad , Konopleva Marina 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Purpose: The persistence of leukemia stem cells (LSC)-containing cells after induction therapy may contribute to minimal residual disease (MRD) and relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We investigated the clinical relevance of CD34+CD123+ LSC-containing cells and antileukemia potency of a novel antibody conjugate SL-101 in targeting CD123+ LSCs.
Experimental Methods and Results: In a retrospective study on 86 newly diagnosed AML patients, we demonstrated that a higher proportion of CD34+CD123+ LSC-containing cells in remission was associated with persistent MRD and predicted shorter relapse-free survival in patients with poor-risk cytogenetics. Using flow cytometry, we explored the potential benefit of therapeutic targeting of CD34+CD38−CD123+ cells by SL-101, a novel antibody conjugate comprising an anti-CD123 single-chain Fv fused to Pseudomonas exotoxin A. The antileukemia potency of SL-101 was determined by the expression levels of CD123 antigen in a panel of AML cell lines. Colony-forming assay established that SL-101 strongly and selectively suppressed the function of leukemic progenitors while sparing normal counterparts. The internalization, protein synthesis inhibition, and flow cytometry assays revealed the mechanisms underlying the cytotoxic activities of SL-101 involved rapid and efficient internalization of antibody, sustained inhibition of protein synthesis, induction of apoptosis, and blockade of IL3-induced p-STAT5 and p-AKT signaling pathways. In a patient-derived xenograft model using NSG mice, the repopulating capacity of LSCs pretreated with SL-101 in vitro was significantly impaired.
Conclusions: Our data define the mechanisms by which SL-101 targets AML and warrant further investigation of the clinical application of SL-101 and other CD123-targeting strategies in AML. Clin Cancer Res; 23(13); 3385–95. ©2017 AACR.
Mutation-Enrichment Next-Generation Sequencing for Quantitative Detection of KRAS Mutations in Urine Cell-Free DNA from Patients with Advanced Cancers
Authors: Fujii Takeo , Barzi Afsaneh , Sartore-Bianchi Andrea , Cassingena Andrea , Siravegna Giulia , Karp Daniel D. , Piha-Paul Sarina A. , Subbiah Vivek , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Huang Helen J. , Veronese Silvio , Di Nicolantonio Federica , Pingle Sandeep , Vibat Cecile Rose T. , Hancock Saege , Berz David , Melnikova Vladislava O. , Erlander Mark G. , Luthra Rajyalakshmi , Kopetz E. Scott , Meric-Bernstam Funda , Siena Salvatore , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Bardelli Alberto , Janku Filip 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Purpose: Tumor-derived cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from urine of patients with cancer offers noninvasive biological material for detection of cancer-related molecular abnormalities such as mutations in Exon 2 of KRAS.
Experimental Design: A quantitative, mutation-enrichment next-generation sequencing test for detecting KRASG12/G13 mutations in urine cfDNA was developed, and results were compared with clinical testing of archival tumor tissue and plasma cfDNA from patients with advanced cancer.
Results: With 90 to 110 mL of urine, the KRASG12/G13 cfDNA test had an analytical sensitivity of 0.002% to 0.006% mutant copies in wild-type background. In 71 patients, the concordance between urine cfDNA and tumor was 73% (sensitivity, 63%; specificity, 96%) for all patients and 89% (sensitivity, 80%; specificity, 100%) for patients with urine samples of 90 to 110 mL. Patients had significantly fewer KRASG12/G13 copies in urine cfDNA during systemic therapy than at baseline or disease progression (P = 0.002). Compared with no changes or increases in urine cfDNA KRASG12/G13 copies during therapy, decreases in these measures were associated with longer median time to treatment failure (P = 0.03).
Conclusions: A quantitative, mutation-enrichment next-generation sequencing test for detecting KRASG12/G13 mutations in urine cfDNA had good concordance with testing of archival tumor tissue. Changes in mutated urine cfDNA were associated with time to treatment failure. Clin Cancer Res; 23(14); 3657–66. ©2017 AACR.
IGF-1 Receptor Modulates FoxO1-Mediated Tamoxifen Response in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Vaziri-Gohar Ali , Zheng Yan , Houston Kevin D. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTamoxifen is a common adjuvant treatment for estrogen receptor (ER)α-positive patients with breast cancer; however, acquired resistance abrogates the efficacy of this therapeutic approach. We recently demonstrated that G protein–coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER1) mediates tamoxifen action in breast cancer cells by inducing insulin-like growth factor–binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) to inhibit IGF-1–dependent signaling. To determine whether dysregulation of IGFBP-1 induction is associated with tamoxifen resistance, IGFBP-1 transcription was measured in tamoxifen-resistant MCF-7 cells (TamR) after tamoxifen (Tam) treatment. IGFBP-1 transcription was not stimulated in tamoxifen-treated TamR cells whereas decreased expression of FoxO1, a known modulator of IGFBP-1, was observed. Exogenous expression of FoxO1 rescued the ability of tamoxifen to induce IGFBP-1 transcription in TamR cells. As decreased IGF-1R expression is observed in tamoxifen-resistant cells, the requirement for IGF-1R expression on tamoxifen-stimulated IGFBP-1 transcription was investigated. In TamR and SK-BR-3 cells, both characterized by low IGF-1R levels, exogenous IGF-1R expression increased FoxO1 levels and IGFBP-1 expression, whereas IGF-1R knockdown in MCF-7 cells decreased tamoxifen-stimulated IGFBP-1 transcription. Interestingly, both 17β-estradiol (E2)-stimulated ERα phosphorylation and progesterone receptor (PR) expression were altered in TamR. PR is a transcription factor known to modulate FoxO1 transcription. In addition, IGF-1R knockdown decreased FoxO1 protein levels in MCF-7 cells. Furthermore, IGF-1R or FoxO1 knockdown inhibited the ability of tamoxifen to induce IGFBP-1 transcription and tamoxifen sensitivity in MCF-7 cells. These data provide a molecular mechanistic connection between IGF-1R expression and the FoxO1-mediated mechanism of tamoxifen action in breast cancer cells.Implications: Loss of IGF-1R expression is associated with decreased tamoxifen efficacy in patients with breast cancer and the development of tamoxifen resistance. This contribution identifies potential molecular mechanisms of altered tamoxifen sensitivity in breast cancer cells resulting from decreased IGF-1R expression. Mol Cancer Res; 15(4); 489–97. ©2017 AACR.
Inhibitory Effects of γ- and δ-Tocopherols on Estrogen-Stimulated Breast Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bak Min Ji , Das Gupta Soumyasri , Wahler Joseph , Lee Hong Jin , Li Xiaowei , Lee Mao-Jung , Yang Chung S. , Suh Nanjoo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Estrogens have been implicated as complete carcinogens for breast and other tissues through mechanisms involving increased cell proliferation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage. Because of their potent antioxidant activity and other effects, tocopherols have been shown to exert antitumor activities in various cancers. However, limited information is available on the effect of different forms of tocopherols in estrogen-mediated breast cancer. To address this, we examined the effects of α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols as well as a natural γ-tocopherol–rich mixture of tocopherols, γ-TmT, on estrogen-stimulated MCF-7 cells in vitro and in vivo. For the in vivo studies, MCF-7 cells were injected into the mammary fat pad of immunodeficient mice previously implanted with estrogen pellets. Mice were then administered diets containing 0.2% α-, γ-, δ-tocopherol, or γ-TmT for 5 weeks. Treatment with α-, γ-, δ-tocopherols, and γ-TmT reduced tumor volumes by 29% (P &lt; 0.05), 45% (P &lt; 0.05), 41% (P &lt; 0.05), and 58% (P &lt; 0.01), as well as tumor weights by 20%, 37% (P &lt; 0.05), 39% (P &lt; 0.05), and 52% (P &lt; 0.05), respectively. γ- and δ-tocopherols and γ-TmT inhibited the expression of cell proliferation–related genes such as cyclin D1 and c-Myc, and estrogen-related genes such as TFF/pS2, cathepsin D, and progesterone receptor in estrogen-stimulated MCF-7 cells in vitro. Further, γ- and δ-tocopherols decreased the levels of estrogen-induced oxidative stress and nitrosative stress markers, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine and nitrotyrosine, as well as the DNA damage marker, γ-H2AX. Our results suggest that γ- and δ-tocopherols and the γ-tocopherol–rich mixture are effective natural agents for the prevention and treatment of estrogen-mediated breast cancer. Cancer Prev Res; 10(3); 188–97. ©2017 AACR.
Improving Door-to-Needle Times for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Kamal Noreen , Holodinsky Jessalyn K. , Stephenson Caroline , Kashayp Devika , Demchuk Andrew M. , Hill Michael D. , Vilneff Renee L. , Bugbee Erin , Zerna Charlotte , Newcommon Nancy , Lang Eddy , Knox Darren , Smith Eric E. 
Published: January 2017

Background—
The effectiveness of specific systems changes to reduce DTN (door-to-needle) time has not been fully evaluated. We analyzed the impact of 4 specific DTN time reduction strategies implemented prospectively in a staggered fashion.

Methods and Results—
The HASTE (Hurry Acute Stroke Treatment and Evaluation) project was implemented in 3 phases at a single academic medical center. In HASTE I (June 6, 2012 to June 5, 2013), baseline performance was analyzed. In HASTE II (June 6, 2013 to January 24, 2015), 3 changes were implemented: (1) a STAT stroke protocol to prenotify the stroke team about incoming stroke patients; (2) administering alteplase at the computed tomography (CT) scanner; and (3) registering the patient as unknown to allow immediate order entry. In HASTE III (January 25, 2015 to June 29, 2015), we implemented a process to bring the patient directly to CT on the emergency medical services stretcher. Log-transformed DTN time was modeled. Data from 350 consecutive alteplase-treated patients were analyzed. Multivariable regression showed the following factors to be significant: giving alteplase in the CT (32% decrease in DTN time, 95% confidence interval [CI] 38%–55%), stretcher to CT (30% decrease in DTN time, 95% CI 16%–42%), patient registered as unknown (12% decrease in DTN time, 95% CI 3%–20%), STAT stroke protocol (11% decrease in DTN time, 95% CI 1%–20%), and stroke severity (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score 6–8: 19% decrease in DTN time, 95% CI 6%–31%; National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score >8: 27% decrease in DTN time, 95% CI 17%–37%).

Conclusions—
Taking the patient to CT on the emergency medical services stretcher, registering the patient as unknown, STAT stroke protocol, and administering alteplase in CT are associated with lower DTN time.