bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic responses to different doses of cycloxaprid involved in detoxification and stress response in the whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera
Authors: Yang Yuanxue , Zhang Yixi , Yang Baojun , Fang Jichao , Liu Zewen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe whitebacked planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horváth) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), an economically important rice pest, has developed resistance to many insecticides. Cycloxaprid, a novel cis‐nitromethylene neonicotinoid insecticide, has good industrialization prospects because of its high efficiency against rice planthoppers, including imidacloprid‐resistant populations. This study focused on the genes involved in xenobiotic detoxification and stress reaction after exposure to doses of cycloxaprid. Ten cytochrome P450 monooxygenase genes (one CYP3, three CYP4, and six CYP6), one microsomal glutathione S‐transferase (GST) gene, and one acetylcholinesterase (AChE) gene were up‐regulated in response to a high‐dose treatment (HD, 85% mortality). Five P450 genes (one CYP4, two CYP6, and one CYP15), one delta‐GST gene, and two carboxylesterase genes were up‐regulated in response to a low‐dose treatment (LD, 15% mortality). These findings were consistent with previous reports showing that CYP4, CYP6, and GSTd were associated with insecticide detoxification in insects and contributed significantly to insecticide resistance. Another interesting finding was that one Hsp70 and one small Hsp (sHsp) were up‐regulated in response to HD treatment, whereas they were downregulated in response to LD treatment. In order to check the accuracy of transcriptome data, 10 unigenes were randomly selected to compare their expression between treatments. Regulations of related genes in response to cycloxaprid doses could contribute to explaining the quick responses to insecticide stress.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and the need for its introduction into dental curricula
Authors: Güneri P. , İlhan B. , Çal E. , Epstein J. B. , Klasser G. D. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a major health problem which causes blood oxygen desaturation that may initiate a cascade of events via inflammatory cytokines and adrenocorticotrophic hormone that may have impact upon quality of life and lead to potential life‐threatening events. Even though OSA affects an increasing number of individuals, the role of dental practitioners in recognition, screening and management has not developed accordingly. The goal of this article was to provide updated information to dental practitioners on pathophysiology, consequences and treatment options of OSA with a focused discussion on oral appliance (OA) therapy, as this topic is not routinely included in current dental curricula of many dental schools. Additionally, we present a template dental curriculum for predoctoral and/or postdoctoral students in education regarding sleep disordered breathing.
A practical review on carfilzomib in multiple myeloma
Authors: Muchtar Eli , Gertz Morie A. , Magen Hila 
Published: February 2016

AbstractCarfilzomib, a second‐generation proteasome inhibitor, has been increasingly used in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (MM) since its approval by the American food and drug administration (FDA) in the summer of 2012. The drug is active as a single agent and in combination with other antimyeloma agents. As a result of its efficacy and safety in the relapsed/refractory setting, carfilzomib is being evaluated in patients with newly diagnosed MM as well as in high‐risk smoldering MM. This review will give a comprehensive summary of the drug, including its mechanism of action, the evaluated doses and schedules as well as a summary of the main clinical trials in the relapsed/refractory and newly diagnosed settings. A focus will be placed upon certain subgroups of interest as well as a description of the toxicity associated with carfilzomib use and a clinical perspective on toxicity management.
The leukotriene B4 receptor BLT2 protects barrier function via actin polymerization with phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 in human keratinocytes
Authors: Chiba Takahito , Nakahara Takeshi , Hashimoto‐Hachiya Akiko , Yokomizo Takehiko , Uchi Hiroshi , Furue Masutaka 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLeukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor type 2 (BLT2) is a novel G‐protein‐coupled receptor, which selectively binds to 12(S)‐hydroxyheptadeca‐5Z,8E,10E‐trienoic acid (12‐HHT) with stronger affinity than to LTB4. Recently, 12‐HHT has been shown to have a protective effect on the epidermal barrier in human keratinocytes or transfectant cells overexpressing BLT2. Because the protective activity of BLT2 in high‐calcium conditions, which occurs in well‐differentiated cells, is exerted through increasing the integrity of tight junctions, we investigated the effects of 12‐HHT on the barrier function of human keratinocytes in low‐calcium conditions that mimic the basal layer; to our knowledge, this has not been reported previously. After stimulation with or without 12‐HHT, barrier function was measured using transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and dextran permeability assay. Expression levels of adhesion molecules and actin polymerization were also evaluated. Treatment with 12‐HHT increased TER, along with decreased epidermal permeability of dextran in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, 12‐HHT induced actin polymerization with phosphorylation of myosin phosphatase target subunit 1. These results suggest that the ligation of BLT2 protects permeability barrier function by enhancing cell–cell contact, even under low‐calcium conditions, and indicate that a BLT2 agonist could be a novel therapeutic target for barrier‐disrupted skin diseases.
Fruit classification by biogeography‐based optimization and feedforward neural network
Authors: Zhang Yudong , Phillips Preetha , Wang Shuihua , Ji Genlin , Yang Jiquan , Wu Jianguo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAccurate fruit classification is difficult to accomplish because of the similarities among the various categories. In this paper, we proposed a novel fruit‐classification system, with the goal of recognizing fruits in a more efficient way. Our methodology included the following steps. First, a four‐step pre‐processing was employed. Second, the features (colour, shape, and texture) were extracted. Third, we utilized principal component analysis to remove excessive features. Fourth, a novel fruit‐classification system based on biogeography‐based optimization (BBO) and feedforward neural network (FNN) was proposed, with the short name of BBO‐FNN. The experiment employed over 1653 chromatic fruit images (18 categories) by fivefold stratified cross‐validation. The results showed that the proposed BBO‐FNN yielded an overall accuracy of 89.11%, which was higher than the five state‐of‐the‐art methods: genetic algorithm‐FNN, artificial bee colony‐FNN, particle swarm optimization‐FNN, kernel support vector machine, and ant colony optimization‐FNN. Also, the BBO‐FNN achieved the same accuracy as fitness‐scaling chaotic artificial bee colony‐FNN, but it performed much faster than the latter. The proposed BBO‐FNN was effective in fruit‐classification in terms of classification accuracy and computation time. This indicated that it can be applied in credible use.
Narrative Solutions: Using Preferred View of Self to Motivate Individual and Family Change
Authors: Lund Thomas , Eron Joseph , Dagirmanjian Steve 
Published: February 2016

This article describes refinements of the Narrative Solutions approach to individual and family therapy we first presented in Family Process 22 years ago. The centerpiece of this integrative (narrative‐strategic) model is “preferred view of self,” or the constellation of qualities people would like to see in themselves and have others see in them. We assume that problems generally involve one or more people mismanaging discrepancies or “gaps” between preferred views of self and either their actual behavior or how they see others seeing them and their behavior. Because clients are motivated to resolve such discrepancies, we use specifiable conversational strategies to help people (a) be clear about their preferred view of self, (b) notice gaps or discrepancies, and (c) summon resources to manage these gaps more effectively. Positive clinical effects of these strategic conversations can be rapid and dramatic. Case examples highlight applications to child and family problems, and we discuss some challenges and future directions for the Narrative Solutions approach.
Structural studies reveal an important role for the pleiotrophin C‐terminus in mediating interactions with chondroitin sulfate
Authors: Ryan Eathen , Shen Di , Wang Xu 
Published: February 2016

Pleiotrophin (PTN) is a potent glycosaminoglycan‐binding cytokine that is important in neural development, angiogenesis and tissue regeneration. Much of its activity is attributed to its interactions with the chondroitin sulfate (CS) proteoglycan, receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase ζ (PTPRZ). However, there is little high resolution structural information on the interactions between PTN and CS, nor is it clear why the C‐terminal tail of PTN is necessary for signaling through PTPRZ, even though it does not contribute to heparin binding. We determined the first structure of PTN and analyzed its interactions with CS. Our structure shows that PTN possesses large basic surfaces on both of its structured domains and also that residues in the hinge segment connecting the domains have significant contacts with the C‐terminal domain. Our analysis of PTN–CS interactions showed that the C‐terminal tail of PTN is essential for maintaining stable interactions with chondroitin sulfate A, the type of CS commonly found on PTPRZ. These results offer the first possible explanation of why truncated PTN missing the C‐terminal tail is unable to signal through PTPRZ. NMR analysis of the interactions of PTN with CS revealed that the C‐terminal domain and hinge of PTN make up the major CS‐binding site in PTN, and that removal of the C‐terminal tail weakened the affinity of the site for CSA but not for other high sulfation density CS.DatabaseCoordinates of the ensemble of ten PTN structures have been deposited in RCSB under accession number 2n6f. Chemical shifts assignments and structural constraints have been deposited in BMRB under accession number 25762.
Predicting the crack opening displacements of a partially debonded pipeline in rock mass under P waves
Authors: Fang X.‐Q. , Huang H.‐C. , Liu J.‐X. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA crack open may lead to the failure because of rupture or leak in the pipeline. In this paper, the dynamic crack opening displacements (CODs) of a partially debonded pipeline subjected to P and SV waves are predicted, and a mathematical model is proposed. The debonded region around the pipeline is modelled as an interface crack with non‐contacting faces. The wave fields in the bonded and debonded areas are expressed by wave function expansion method, and the expanded coefficients are determined by satisfying the boundary conditions with consideration of cracks. The CODs in the debonding area are represented by Chebyshev polynomials. Some examples are illustrated to analyse the CODs under different thicknesses of pipeline and different wave frequencies. In the region of high frequency, the value of CODs is more sensitive to the crack size. The difference between the CODs in the compression direction and shear directions is also examined. Comparison with existing results is given to validate this dynamic model.
Investigation of fatigue and fracture properties of asphalt mixtures modified with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Ameri M. , Nowbakht Sh. , Molayem M. , Aliha M. R. M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractLoad‐induced cracking is one of the primary forms of distress in asphalt pavements at intermediate temperatures. Binder modification is a good alternative to promote the cracking resistance of asphalt mixtures. In the current research study, the effects of carbon nanotubes as a binder modifier on the fatigue and fracture performance of asphalt mixtures are investigated. The carbon nanotubes are added at five different percentages ranging from 0.2% to 1.5% to the base binder to study their effects on the fracture resistance and fatigue life of the asphalt mixtures. Using the cracked semi‐circular bend specimen, the critical value of J‐integral (Jc) was obtained for the investigated modified asphalt mixtures. Also, the fatigue behaviour of asphalt mixtures was studied using flexural beam fatigue test specimen. By employing the ratio of dissipated energy change approach, the plateau value of tested mixtures was determined as a measure of fatigue performance. Results showed that the carbon nanotubes can enhance both fracture resistance and fatigue performance of tested asphalt mixtures especially at higher percentages of the carbon nanotube.
Crystal plasticity FE study of the effect of thermo‐mechanical loading on fatigue crack nucleation in titanium alloys
Authors: Ozturk D. , Shahba A. , Ghosh S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIn this paper, crystal plasticity simulations are conducted with a stabilized finite deformation finite element model to study the effects of microstructure as well as thermal and mechanical loading conditions on fatigue crack nucleation of Ti alloys. The crystal plasticity model includes a non‐local crack nucleation model. Results of simulations are used to understand the effects of dwell loading periods and microtexture on fatigue nucleation life in polycrystalline microstructures in comparison with experiments. From the thermo‐mechanical studies of these alloys, it is found that anisotropic thermal expansion under thermal loading can induce stresses normal to the basal plane, which can help opening up microcracks. Moreover, in agreement with experimental results, the simulations show diminished load shedding at elevated temperature because of weakening of plastic anisotropy.
The impact of soil salinity on the yield, composition and physiology of the bioenergy grass Miscanthus × giganteus
Authors: Stavridou Evangelia , Hastings Astley , Webster Richard J. , Robson Paul R. H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHigh salinity land may provide an alternative resource for the cultivation of dedicated biomass crops for renewable energy and chemicals, thus avoiding competition for land use with food crops. The commercial perennial grass Miscanthus × giganteus is a leading biomass crop; however, its response to salt stress is largely unknown. Miscanthus × giganteus was grown in pots irrigated with nine different NaCl concentrations (0, 2.86, 5.44, 7.96, 10.65, 14.68, 17.5, 19.97 and 22.4 dS m−1). Biomass yield was reduced by 50% at 10.65 dS m−1 NaCl. Root dry matter inhibition occurred at the highest salt concentration tested, while rhizome dry weight and the ratios of root/rhizome and below‐/above‐ground dry matter were not affected by elevated salinity. The accumulative effect of increasing salinity reduced stem height and elongation, while photosynthesis was reduced to a smaller extent. The duration and strength of salinity exacerbated the reduction. Water use efficiency (WUE) was maintained except at the highest salinity and plants maintained stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf water content at low to moderate salinity. Miscanthus × giganteus showed strong induction of the osmoprotectant, proline and no significant increase in malondialdehyde content under increasing salinity. The ash content in leaves, increased, reducing the biomass quality at high salinity concentrations. The effects of salinity on the yield and the availability of land area in European geographical area for agriculture were investigated. Understanding the potential for growth of the C4 biomass crop Miscanthus on underutilized or abandoned land may offer a new range of targets for improved economics, crop management and breeding.
Sclerostin expression in bone tumours and tumour‐like lesions
Authors: Inagaki Yusuke , Hookway Edward S , Kashima Takeshi G , Munemoto Mitsuru , Tanaka Yasuhito , Hassan Andrew Bassim , Oppermann Udo , Athanasou Nick A 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo assess the immunophenotypic and mRNA expression of sclerostin in human skeletal tissues and in a wide range of benign and malignant bone tumours and tumour‐like lesions.Methods and resultsSclerostin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In lamellar and woven bone, there was strong sclerostin expression by osteocytes. Osteoblasts and other cell types in bone were negative. Hypertrophic chondrocytes in the growth plate and mineralized cartilage cells in zone 4 of hyaline articular cartilage strongly expressed sclerostin, but most chondrocytes in hyaline cartilage were negative. In primary bone‐forming tumours, including osteosarcomas, there was patchy expression of sclerostin in mineralized osteoid and bone. Sclerostin staining was seen in woven bone in fibrous dysplasia, in osteofibrous dysplasia, and in reactive bone formed in fracture callus, in myositis ossificans, and in the wall of solitary bone cysts and aneurysmal bone cysts. Sclerostin was expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes in osteochondroma and chondroblasts in chondroblastoma, but not by tumour cells in other bone tumours, including myeloma and metastatic carcinoma. mRNA expression of sclerostin was identified by quantitative PCR in osteosarcoma specimens and cell lines.ConclusionsSclerostin is an osteocyte marker that is strongly expressed in human woven and lamellar bone and mineralizing chondrocytes. This makes it a useful marker with which to identify benign and malignant osteogenic tumours and mineralizing cartilage tumours, such as chondroblastomas and other lesions in which there is bone formation.
Antimicrobial resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin infections and its implications in various clinical conditions in Korea
Authors: Baek Yoo Sang , Jeon Jiehyun , Ahn Jae Woo , Song Hae Jun 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundPeriodic investigations into patterns of antimicrobial resistance can help to optimize the efficacy of treatment and limit the development of resistance.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to update information on patterns of antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from skin infections in South Korea.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed clinical information and in vitro antimicrobial resistance data for 965 clinical S. aureus isolates obtained from skin infections during 2010–2013 in a university hospital in South Korea.ResultsThe rate of resistance to oxacillin (methicillin‐resistant S. aureus [MRSA]) was 47.4%. Similar rates of resistance to erythromycin (45.6%), fusidic acid (44.0%), and clindamycin (42.3%) were noted. The rate of resistance to mupirocin was 8.4%. Overall, 4.9% of isolates were resistant to both fusidic acid and mupirocin. None of the isolates showed resistance to habekacin, synercid, teicoplanin, or vancomycin. Generally, antimicrobial resistance rates did not increase from 2010 to 2013 except with reference to a few agents such as mupirocin and rifampin. Isolates from surgical patients, inpatients, non‐dermatology outpatients, and adult patients showed relatively high rates of resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Resistance to mupirocin was not only lower than that to fusidic acid but was consistent across clinical contexts.ConclusionsThe prevalence of MRSA in skin infections in South Korea did not increase during 2010–2013. Isolates from dermatology outpatients showed relatively lower rates of resistance to multiple antimicrobials than isolates from non‐dermatology outpatients. Among topical antimicrobials, resistance to mupirocin was relatively low regardless of clinical condition.
Effects of protein–lipid and starch–lipid complexes on textural characteristics of extrudates based on wheat flour with the addition of oleic acid
Authors: De Pilli Teresa , Giuliani Roma , Buléon Alain , Pontoire Bruno , Legrand Jack 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe knowledge of biopolymer changes by extrusion is very important for a wide range of industrial applications that spreads from extruded food to biodegradable packaging. In this article, the formation of starch–lipid and lipid–protein complexes that occurred during the extrusion cooking of wheat flour with the addition of fatty acids was studied. Results showed that the highest barrel temperature (128.3 °C) promoted the formation of starch–lipid complexes in samples made up of wheat starch and wheat flour with the addition of fatty acids. The maximum formation of protein–lipid complexes (68% fatty acid bound to protein) was observed at the highest barrel temperature and water feed content (<22%). This study is a prerequisite for the optimisation of production of expanded extrudates made up of wheat flour and fatty ingredients and for the study of a biodegradable packaging based on by‐product of milling wheat (and fat).
Evolutionary conservation of candidate osmoregulation genes in plant phloem sap‐feeding insects
Authors: Jing X. , White T. A. , Luan J. , Jiao C. , Fei Z. , Douglas A. E. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe high osmotic pressure generated by sugars in plant phloem sap is reduced in phloem‐feeding aphids by sugar transformations and facilitated water flux in the gut. The genes mediating these osmoregulatory functions have been identified and validated empirically in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum: sucrase 1 (SUC1), a sucrase in glycoside hydrolase family 13 (GH13), and aquaporin 1 (AQP1), a member of the Drosophila integral protein (DRIP) family of aquaporins. Here, we describe molecular analysis of GH13 and AQP genes in phloem‐feeding representatives of the four phloem‐feeding groups: aphids (Myzus persicae), coccids (Planococcus citri), psyllids (Diaphorina citri, Bactericera cockerelli) and whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 and MED). A single candidate GH13‐SUC gene and DRIP‐AQP gene were identified in the genome/transcriptome of most insects tested by the criteria of sequence motif and gene expression in the gut. Exceptionally, the psyllid Ba. cockerelli transcriptome included a gut‐expressed Pyrocoelia rufa integral protein (PRIP)‐AQP, but has no DRIP‐AQP transcripts, suggesting that PRIP‐AQP is recruited for osmoregulatory function in this insect. This study indicates that phylogenetically related SUC and AQP genes may generally mediate osmoregulatory functions in these diverse phloem‐feeding insects, and provides candidate genes for empirical validation and development as targets for osmotic disruption of pest species.
Living through a volcanic eruption: Understanding the experience of survivors as a phenomenological existential phenomenon
Authors: Warsini Sri , Mills Jane , West Caryn , Usher Kim 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMount Merapi in Indonesia is the most active volcano in the world with its 4–6‐year eruption cycle. The mountain and surrounding areas are populated by hundreds of thousands of people who live near the volcano despite the danger posed to their wellbeing. The aim of this study was to explore the lived experience of people who survived the most recent eruption of Mount Merapi, which took place in 2010. Investigators conducted interviews with 20 participants to generate textual data that were coded and themed. Three themes linked to the phenomenological existential experience (temporality and relationality) of living through a volcanic eruption emerged from the data. These themes were: connectivity, disconnection and reconnection. Results indicate that the close relationship individuals have with Mount Merapi and others in their neighbourhood outweighs the risk of living in the shadow of an active volcano. This is the first study to analyze the phenomenological existential elements of living through a volcanic eruption.