bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The 9p21 Rs 1333040 polymorphism is associated with coronary microvascular obstruction in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated by primary angioplasty
Authors: Fracassi Francesco , Niccoli Giampaolo , Vetrugno Vincenzo , Cauteruccio Michele , Buffon Antonino , Gatto Ilaria , Giarretta Igor , Tondi Paolo , Pola Roberto , Crea Filippo 
Published: October 2017

Background: Microvascular obstruction (MVO) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) leads to higher incidence of both early and late complications. A number of single nucleotide polymorphisms in 9p21 chromosome have been shown to affect angiogenesis in response to ischaemia. In particular, Rs1333040 with its three genotypic vriants C/C, T/C and T/T might influence the occurrence of MVO after pPCI. Methods: We enrolled ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients undergoing pPCI. The Rs1333040 polymorphism was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism using restriction endonucleases (Bsml). Two expert operators unaware of the patients’ identity performed the angiographic analysis; collaterals were assessed applying Rentrop’s classification. Angiographic MVO was defined as a post-pPCI Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI)<3 or TIMI 3 with myocardial blush grade 0 or 1, whereas electrocardiographic MVO was defined as ST segment resolution <70% one hour after pPCI. Results: Among our 133 STEMI patients (mean age 63 ± 11 years, men 72%), 35 (26%) and 53 (40%) respectively experienced angiographic or electrocardiographic MVO. Angiographic and electrocardiographic MVO were different among the three variants ( p= 0.03 and p=0.02 respectively). In particular, T/T genotype was associated with a higher incidence of both angiographic and electrocardiographic MVO compared with C/C genotype ( p=0.04 and p=0.03 respectively). Moreover, Rentrop score <2 detection rate differed among the three genotypes ( p=0.03). In particular T/T genotype was associated with a higher incidence of a Rentrop score <2 as compared with C/C genotype ( p= 0.02). Conclusion: Rs1333040 polymorphism genetic variants portend different MVO incidence. In particular, T/T genotype is related to angiographic and electrocardiographic MVO and to worse collaterals towards the culprit artery.
The role of halofuginone in fibrosis: more to be explored?
Authors: Luo Yin , Xie Xiaoyan , Luo Di , Wang Yuan , Gao Yijun 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Fibrosis, which can be defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM), particularly fibrillar collagens, is a key driver of progressive organ dysfunction in many inflammatory and metabolic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), cirrhosis, nephropathy, and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). It has been estimated to contribute to ∼45% of deaths in the developed world. Therefore, agents that target specific fibrotic pathways, with the consequence of slowing, arresting, or even reversing the progression of tissue fibrogenesis, are urgently needed. 7-Bromo-6-chloro-3-[3-(3-hydroxy-2-piperidinyl)-2-oxopropyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone (halofuginone), an analog of febrifugine, which specifically targets the pathogenesis of ECM proteins, inhibits tissue fibrosis and regeneration and even affects the development of tumors in various tissues. Four modes of actions of halofuginone against fibrosis have been presented: 1) Inhibition of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (Smad3) phosphorylation downstream of the TGF-β signaling pathway, 2) reduction of collagen amounts, 3) decreases in ECM protein, and 4) selective prevention of Th17 cell differentiation. In this review, we will mainly focus on the rationale for halofuginone against fibrosis.
S-wave velocity prediction in unconventional shale reservoirs
Authors: Vernik Lev , Castagna John , Omovie Sheyore John 
Published: October 2017

In unconventional reservoirs with significant organic content, the Greenberg-Castagna (GC) S-wave velocity prediction method does not yield accurate S-wave velocity predictions, with observed mean errors varying from 6% to 16% in a variety of unconventional reservoirs rich in organic content. This is because kerogen content is not explicitly taken into account in the GC S-wave velocity prediction method. Two alternative approaches for bedding-normal S-wave velocity prediction from P-wave velocity and other well logs in relatively straight holes drilled in unconventional reservoirs are investigated. The first method is purely empirical, requiring minimal information such as P-wave velocity and total organic carbon content. This approach implicitly accounts for compositional and stress effects on mudrock elasticity. The second method can be classified as a hybrid technique, comprising the following three steps: (1) computing a nonkerogen phase P-wave velocity using the Vernik-Kachanov (VK) model, (2) determination of the nonkerogen S-wave velocity from the GC approach, and (3) using a simplified VK model to mix the nonkerogen matrix with nanoporous kerogen to predict the bedding-normal S-wave velocity of the organic mudrock. The second method explicitly takes into account all the variables that control elastic properties of organic mudrock reservoirs. Tests in nine wells from seven different oil and gas shale reservoirs indicate that both methods have prediction accuracy better than 3% error when input data are accurate.
Changing the obesogenic environment to improve cardiometabolic health in residential patients with a severe mental illness: cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Looijmans Anne , Stiekema Annemarie P. M. , Bruggeman Richard , van der Meer Lisette , Stolk Ronald P. , Schoevers Robert A. , Jörg Frederike , Corpeleijn Eva 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundFor patients with severe mental illness (SMI) in residential facilities, adopting a healthy lifestyle is hampered by the obesity promoting (obesogenic) environment.AimsTo determine the effectiveness of a 12-month lifestyle intervention addressing the obesogenic environment with respect to diet and physical activity to improve waist circumference and cardiometabolic risk factors v. care as usual (Dutch Trial Registry: NTR2720).MethodIn a multisite cluster randomised controlled pragmatic trial, 29 care teams were randomised into 15 intervention (365 patients) and 14 control teams (371 patients). Intervention staff were trained to improve the obesogenic environment.ResultsWaist circumference decreased 1.51 cm (95% CI −2.99 to −0.04) in the intervention v. control group after 3 months and metabolic syndrome z-score decreased 0.22 s.d. (95% CI −0.38 to −0.06). After 12 months, the decrease in waist circumference was no longer statistically significantly different (–1.28 cm, 95% CI −2.79 to 0.23, P = 0.097).ConclusionsTargeting the obesogenic environment of residential patients with SMI has the potential to facilitate reduction of abdominal adiposity and cardiometabolic risk, but maintaining initial reductions over the longer term remains challenging.
Cholesterol and triglyceride levels in first-episode psychosis: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pillinger Toby , Beck Katherine , Stubbs Brendon , Howes Oliver D. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe extent of metabolic and lipid changes in first-episode psychosis (FEP) is unclear.AimsTo investigate whether individuals with FEP and no or minimal antipsychotic exposure show lipid and adipocytokine abnormalities compared with healthy controls.MethodWe conducted a meta-analysis of studies examining lipid and adipocytokine parameters in individuals with FEP and no or minimal antipsychotic exposurev.a healthy control group. Studies reported fasting total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and leptin levels.ResultsOf 2070 citations retrieved, 20 case–control studies met inclusion criteria including 1167 patients and 1184 controls. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels were significantly decreased in patientsv.controls, corresponding to an absolute reduction of 0.26mmol/L and 0.15mmol/L respectively. Triglyceride levels were significantly increased in the patient group, corresponding to an absolute increase of 0.08 mmol/L However, HDL cholesterol and leptin levels were not altered in patientsv.controls.ConclusionsTotal and LDL cholesterol levels are reduced in FEP, indicating that hypercholesterolaemia in patients with chronic disorder is secondary and potentially modifiable. In contrast, triglycerides are elevated in FEP. Hypertriglyceridaemia is a feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus, therefore this finding adds to the evidence for glucose dysregulation in this cohort. These findings support early intervention targeting nutrition, physical activity and appropriate antipsychotic prescription.
Personal well-being networks, social capital and severe mental illness: exploratory study
Authors: Sweet Daryl , Byng Richard , Webber Martin , Enki Doyo Gragn , Porter Ian , Larsen John , Huxley Peter , Pinfold Vanessa 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundConnectedness is a central dimension of personal recovery from severe mental illness (SMI). Research reports that people with SMI have lower social capital and poorer-quality social networks compared to the general population.AimsTo identify personal well-being network (PWN) types and explore additional insights from mapping connections to places and activities alongside social ties.MethodWe carried out 150 interviews with individuals with SMI and mapped social ties, places and activities and their impact on well-being. PWN types were developed using social network analysis and hierarchicalk-means clustering of this data.ResultsThree PWN types were identified: formal and sparse; family and stable; and diverse and active. Well-being and social capital varied within and among types. Place and activity data indicated important contextual differences within social connections that were not found by mapping social networks alone.ConclusionsPlace locations and meaningful activities are important aspects of people's social worlds. Mapped alongside social networks, PWNs have important implications for person-centred recovery approaches through providing a broader understanding of individual's lives and resources.Declaration of interestNone.
A Survey Evaluating Burnout, Health Status, Depression, Reported Alcohol and Substance Use, and Social Support of Anesthesiologists
Authors: Hyman Steve Alan , Shotwell Matthew S. , Michaels Damon R. , Han Xue , Card Elizabeth Borg , Morse Jennifer L. , Weinger Matthew B. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:
Burnout affects all medical specialists, and concern about it has become common in today’s health care environment. The gold standard of burnout measurement in health care professionals is the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS), which measures emotional exhaustion, depersonalization (DP), and personal accomplishment. Besides affecting work quality, burnout is thought to affect health problems, mental health issues, and substance use negatively, although confirmatory data are lacking. This study evaluates some of these effects.

METHODS:
In 2011, the American Society of Anesthesiologists and the journal Anesthesiology cosponsored a webinar on burnout. As part of the webinar experience, we included access to a survey using MBI-HSS, 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), Social Support and Personal Coping (SSPC-14) survey, and substance use questions. Results were summarized using sample statistics, including mean, standard deviation, count, proportion, and 95% confidence intervals. Adjusted linear regression methods examined associations between burnout and substance use, SF-12, SSPC-14, and respondent demographics.

RESULTS:
Two hundred twenty-one respondents began the survey, and 170 (76.9%) completed all questions. There were 266 registrants total (31 registrants for the live webinar and 235 for the archive event), yielding an 83% response rate. Among respondents providing job titles, 206 (98.6%) were physicians and 2 (0.96%) were registered nurses. The frequency of high-risk responses ranged from 26% to 59% across the 3 MBI-HSS categories, but only about 15% had unfavorable scores in all 3. Mean mental composite score of the SF-12 was 1 standard deviation below normative values and was significantly associated with all MBI-HSS components. With SSPC-14, respondents scored better in work satisfaction and professional support than in personal support and workload. Males scored worse on DP and personal accomplishment and, relative to attending physicians, residents scored worse on DP. There was no significant association between MBI-HSS and substance use.

CONCLUSIONS:
Many anesthesiologists exhibit some high-risk burnout characteristics, and these are associated with lower mental health scores. Personal and professional support were associated with less emotional exhaustion, but overall burnout scores were associated with work satisfaction and professional support. Respondents were generally economically satisfied but also felt less in control at work and that their job kept them from friends and family. The association between burnout and substance use may not be as strong as previously believed. Additional work, perhaps with other survey instruments, is needed to confirm our results.
An Intraplantar Hypertonic Saline Assay in Mice for Rapid Screening of Analgesics
Authors: Asiri Yahya I. , Fung Timothy , Schwarz Stephan K. W. , Asseri Khalid A. , Welch Ian D. , Schuppli Catherine A. , Barr Alasdair M. , Wall Richard A. , Puil Ernest , MacLeod Bernard A. 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:
Development of new analgesics is limited by shortcomings of existing preclinical screening assays such as wide variations in response, suitability for a narrow range of analgesics, and propensity to induce tissue damage. Our aim was to determine the feasibility of a new in vivo animal assay as an analgesic screen based on nociceptive responses (licking and biting) after intraplantar (i.pl.) injection of hypertonic saline (HS) in mice.

METHODS:
With approval from the Institutional Animal Care Committee, we conducted a randomized, investigator-blinded in vivo study in adult CD-1 mice. We first studied the concentration–response relationship, time course, and sex difference of animals’ nociceptive responses to HS. Subsequently, we assessed the screening ability of the HS assay to detect a range of established analgesics belonging to different classes. Finally, we performed histopathologic studies to assess potential tissue damage.

RESULTS:
The response produced by i.pl. HS was greater and longer in female than in male mice. The responses to HS were concentration dependent with minimal variance. Ten percent HS evoked a maximal response within the first 5 minutes. Morphine dose-dependently attenuated animals’ nociceptive responses (1–10 mg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.]). The peripherally restricted µ-opioid receptor agonist, loperamide, reduced nociceptive responses when injected locally (30–100 µg/paw, i.pl.) but not systemically (1–10 mg/kg, i.p.). Acetylsalicylic acid (300 mg/kg, i.p.), naproxen (150 mg/kg, i.p), and acetaminophen (300 mg/kg, i.p.) all decreased nociceptive responses, as did i.pl. coinjections of lidocaine (0.003%–1%) with 10% HS. Histopathologic assessment revealed no tissue damage due to HS.

CONCLUSIONS:
The i.pl. HS assay is easily performed, rapidly detects standard analgesics, and produces minimal animal suffering without tissue damage. We propose this assay as a useful addition to the armamentarium of existing preclinical analgesic screens.
Photoplethysmography and Heart Rate Variability for the Diagnosis of Preeclampsia
Authors: Euliano Tammy Y. , Michalopoulos Kostas , Singh Savyasachi , Gregg Anthony R. , Del Rio Mariem , Vasilopoulos Terrie , Johnson Amber M. , Onkala Allison , Darmanjian Shalom , Euliano Neil R. , Ho Monique 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:The goal of this study was to determine a set of timing, shape, and statistical features available through noninvasive monitoring of maternal electrocardiogram and photoplethysmography that identifies preeclamptic patients.METHODS:Pregnant women admitted to Labor and Delivery were monitored with pulse oximetry and electrocardiogram for 30 minutes. Photoplethysmogram features and heart rate variability were extracted from each data set and applied to a sequential feature selection algorithm to discriminate women with preeclampsia with severe features, from normotensive and hypertensive controls. The classification boundary was chosen to minimize the expected misclassification cost. The prior probabilities of the misclassification costs were assumed to be equal.RESULTS:Thirty-seven patients with clinically diagnosed preeclampsia with severe features were compared with 43 normotensive controls; all were in early labor or beginning induction. Six variables were used in the final model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.907 (standard error [SE] = 0.004) (sensitivity 78.2% [SE = 0.3%], specificity 89.9% [SE = 0.1%]) with a positive predictive value of 0.883 (SE = 0.001). Twenty-eight subjects with chronic or gestational hypertension were compared with the same preeclampsia group, generating a model with 5 features with an area under the curve of 0.795 (SE = 0.007; sensitivity 79.0% [SE = 0.2%], specificity 68.7% [SE = 0.4%]), and a positive predictive value of 0.799 (SE = 0.002).CONCLUSIONS:Vascular parameters, as assessed noninvasively by photoplethysmography and heart rate variability, may have a role in screening women suspected of having preeclampsia, particularly in areas with limited resources.
The Multiproduct Newsvendor Problem with Customer Choice
Authors: Farahat Amr , Lee Joonkyum 
Published: October 2017

We address the multiproduct newsvendor problem under a general specification of customer choice behavior. We develop a methodology that yields upper bounds on the optimal value as well as feasible inventory solutions. The methodology is based on an approximate Jordan decomposition of the state transition matrix. Two specializations of the methodology are presented: one leads to a decomposition by customer into a sequence of assortment optimization problems and the second leads to a decomposition by product into a collection of independent newsvendor problems. We conduct computational experiments and find that the proposed methodology outperforms existing bounds. The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1654 .
Chronic myeloid leukaemia: A guide for practice nurses
Authors: Perry Margaret Ann 
Published: October 2017

This article is part one of a series on the leukaemias and focuses on chronic myeloid leukaemia. It aims to give practice nurses an understanding of this rare but distressing disease and looks at signs and symptoms, diagnosis, treatment management and prognosis. Chronic myeloid leukaemia, a rare cancer of the white blood cells and bone marrow, is more common in older adults and is frequently diagnosed incidentally. Therefore, practice nurses should be aware of the condition, particularly if they are interpreting blood results as part of their role. Although practice nurses will not be directly involved in the treatment of the condition, providing support to patients and family members is a key role and having some background knowledge will be helpful. Chronic myeloid leukaemia is a rare cancer of the white blood cells and bone marrow. Although practice nurses will see cases infrequently, it is important to be able to support patients diagnosed with this unfamiliar condition
Identifying and treating different phenotypes in COPD
Authors: Bostock-Cox Beverley 
Published: October 2017

Research into chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has identified different phenotypes, which require a variety of approaches to treatment. As a result, the Global Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines group has updated its advice on the diagnosis and management of COPD. The 2017 GOLD guidelines offer a fresh approach to the identification and management of these COPD phenotypes, so that inhaled therapies and other treatments can be offered appropriately both in stable and acute exacerbations of COPD. This article reviews the treatment options as suggested by the GOLD guidelines group and discusses the rationale for taking a risk: benefit approach to treatment decisions. COPD is a disease with a variety of different phenotypes. Beverley Bostock-Cox discusses treatment options for these phenotypes
Using a psychological approach in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mawson Marianne , Hardy Sheila 
Published: October 2017

Background: There is evidence that supporting the psychological and mental health needs of people with long-term conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can lead to improvements in both mental and physical health, but holistic care is not always provided. The aim of this project was to include a psychological component to the annual review of this group of people. Method: To incorporate the additional element of mental health, the nurse attended appropriate training, extended the consultation time from 15 to 30 minutes and employed validated mental health assessment tools. Patients were also requested to complete a questionnaire to find out whether they found the psychological assessments acceptable. Results: A total of 34 patients attended the clinic. Twelve were identified as depressed, two were anxious and 22 were distressed. By identifying the cause of distress a follow up plan of individualised care could be agreed and was easily carried out in the primary care setting. Patients found the psychological assessments acceptable. Conclusion: This pilot has confirmed that adding psychological assessments to the annual review of rheumatoid arthritis in primary care is feasible and acceptable to patients. Using appropriate tools identified depression, anxiety and distress. This enabled the nurse to make a suitable plan of care which included the patients' concerns. This study looked at the feasibility of adding psychological assessments to annual reviews of rheumatoid arthritis. The authors found that adding psychological assessments was acceptable to patients and allowed the identification of depression, anxiety and distress
Total hip arthroplasty in patients 16 years of age or younger
Authors: Van de Velde S. K. , Loh B. , Donnan L. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose Total hip arthroplasty (THA) is rarely recommended in skeletally immature patients. The goal of the present study was to report our short- to mid-term results of THA in a series of children aged 16 years or younger, including clinical outcomes and post-operative complications, signs of radiographic loosening of the prostheses, and revision rate. Methods The 18 children (two male and 16 female patients, 24 hips) underwent cementless THA at a mean age of 14.6 years (11 to 16). Five patients had a bilateral, one-stage surgical procedure. Clinical assessment of these hips used the Merle d'Aubigné et Postel scale modified by Charnley to facilitate assessment of the function of walking. Clinical and radiographic follow-up was conducted at six weeks, six months and then yearly for the first three years. All post-operative complications were recorded. Results No intra-operative or early post-operative complications occurred. At a mean follow-up of 3.8 years (1 to 8), all patients had greatly improved pain and function scores. All children in the present study improved from severely impaired gait, including four children who were wheelchair-bound, to completely unrestricted gait. All hips demonstrated good alignment with no evidence of wear or radiographic lucencies. No revision of components has been required. One patient had persistent adductor contracture which was addressed with adductor tendon release. Conclusions THA is a successful procedure for unsalvageable hip arthritis in children at a mean follow-up of 3.8 years. Long-term follow-up will be needed to determine implant longevity of the components in these children.