bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel semiquantitative assessment of right ventricular systolic function with a modified subcostal echocardiographic view
Authors: Díaz‐Gómez José L. , Alvarez Andres Borja , Danaraj Jonathan J. , Freeman Michelle L. , Lee Augustine S. , Mookadam Farouk , Shapiro Brian P. , Ramakrishna Harish 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesThe tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is a validated measure of right ventricular function; however, the apical echocardiographic window varies and has limitations in intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving mechanical ventilation or those with underlying disease and air entrapment. We aimed to evaluate the subcostal echocardiographic assessment of tricuspid annular kick (SEATAK) as an alternative to TAPSE in critically ill patients.MethodsTo measure SEATAK, we obtained the subcostal inferior vena cava view and used M‐mode to measure excursion of the tricuspid annulus (kick). Analysis was performed with JMP for Bland‐Altman and Spearman correlations.ResultsWe evaluated 45 patients, 26 (57.8%) of whom were women, with a mean age of 60.8 years. We were not able to obtain the apical view to measure TAPSE in 8.9% of the patients. In contrast, SEATAK was measured in all patients. The mean SEATAK and TAPSE were 1.62 cm and 1.93 cm, respectively, with a mean pairwise difference of −0.26 cm (95% CI: −0.19 to −0.35), with the SEATAK value being lower than TAPSE. The overall correlation was strong and significant (ρ = .86, P=.03). The graphical correlation was maintained between TAPSE and SEATAK and the degree of RVF.ConclusionIn patients presenting with RVF in the ICU (or in situations where the apical echocardiographic view is suboptimal for tricuspid annular assessment), SEATAK can be an alternative to TAPSE. Further research is needed to validate and determine the sensitivity and specificity of SEATAK for RVF prognostication.
Seasonal effects of macrophyte growth on rainbow trout habitat availability and selection in a low‐gradient, groundwater‐dominated river
Authors: Kuzniar Zachary J. , Van Kirk Robert W. , Snyder Eric B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRainbow trout habitat use is often described in high‐gradient, runoff‐driven, heterotrophic streams where geomorphic features and overhanging riparian vegetation provide channel complexity and cover. However, many rainbow trout populations thrive in rivers with contrasting aquatic habitat. We describe rainbow trout habitat use in a low‐gradient, groundwater‐dominated tailwater river where river flow management and macrophyte growth and senescence largely govern available trout habitat. In the summers of 2013 and 2014, available aquatic habitat (depth, velocity, macrophyte cover, substrate size) was quantified, while individual trout location was determined by radio telemetry and linked to environmental variables. Detailed habitat surveys indicate that macrophyte cover increases throughout the summer and is a strong determinant of in‐stream habitat characteristics. Paired logistic regression shows that adult rainbow trout prefer greater depths. Water depth increases with macrophyte abundance at both reach and local scales as plants restrict flow, and available trout habitat is linked to this seasonal pattern. When macrophyte abundance is high, adult trout show secondary preference for localised areas of lower macrophyte cover but otherwise show no selectivity for macrophyte cover, velocity or substrate size. Results suggest that submerged aquatic plants increased the quantity and quality of rainbow trout habitat as a source of channel complexity and cover. Macrophytes may play a similar role in other low‐gradient streams and should not be overlooked by fisheries managers considering habitat suitability.
An assessment of professionalism on students’ Facebook profiles
Authors: Nason K. N. , Byrne H. , Nason G. J. , O'Connell B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionWith the advent of social media, healthcare professionals not only need to be conscious of professionalism in their face‐to‐face interactions but also in the electronic environment. The aim of this study was to assess the level of online professionalism on Facebook profiles available for public viewing of students from a dental school.Materials and methodsA search was performed via a new Facebook account of all students in the University Dental School (dental hygiene, dental nursing, dental science and dental technology). Profiles were categorised as ‘private’ or ‘public’. Demographic details and photographs/comments of unprofessional behaviour were recorded for each individual Facebook profile. Each profile was subsequently scored with regard to professionalism based on a previously published score.ResultsThere are a total of 287 students in the dental school. Of these, 62% (n = 177) had a Facebook account. Three per cent (n = 6) had a public account (fully accessible) whilst 97% (n = 171) had a private account (limited access); 36% (n = 63) of students mentioned the dental school/hospital on their profile; 34% (n = 60) had questionable content on their profile whilst 3% (n = 6) had definite violations of professionalism on their profile; and 25% (n = 44) had unprofessional photographs on their profile. Of those with unprofessional content, 52% (n = 23) of these had a documented affiliation with the dental school also visible on their profile.ConclusionThere was a concerning level of unprofessional content visible on students’ Facebook profiles. Students need to be fully aware of their professional responsibility in the setting of social media.
Comparative effects of adaptation on layers II–III and V–VI neurons in cat V1
Authors: Chanauria Nayan , Bharmauria Vishal , Bachatene Lyes , Cattan Sarah , Rouat Jean , Molotchnikoff Stéphane 
Published: October 2016

AbstractV1 is fundamentally grouped into columns that descend from layers II–III to V–VI. Neurons inherent to visual cortex are capable of adapting to changes in the incoming stimuli that drive the cortical plasticity. A principle feature called orientation selectivity can be altered by the presentation of non‐optimal stimulus called ‘adapter’. When triggered, LGN cells impinge upon layer IV and further relay the information to deeper layers via layers II–III. Using different adaptation protocols, neuronal plasticity can be investigated. Superficial neurons in area V1 are well acknowledged to exhibit attraction and repulsion by shifting their tuning peaks when challenged by a non‐optimal stimulus called ‘adapter’. Layers V–VI neurons in spite of partnering layers II–III neurons in cortical computation have not been explored simultaneously toward adaptation. We believe that adaptation not only affects cells specific to a layer but modifies the entire column. In this study, through simultaneous multiunit recordings in anesthetized cats using a multichannel depth electrode, we show for the first time how layers V–VI neurons (1000–1200 μm) along with layers II–III neurons (300–500 μm) exhibit plasticity in response to adaptation. Our results demonstrate that superficial and deeper layer neurons react synonymously toward adapter by exhibiting similar behavioral properties. The neurons displayed similar amplitude of shift and maintained equivalent sharpness of Gaussian tuning peaks before and the following adaptation. It appears that a similar mechanism, belonging to all layers, is responsible for the analog outcome of the neurons’ experience with adapter.
Differential localization of PER1 and PER2 in the brain master circadian clock
Authors: Riddle Malini , Mezias Erica , Foley Duncan , LeSauter Joseph , Silver Rae 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), locus of the master circadian clock, bears many neuronal types. At the cellular–molecular level, the clock is comprised of feedback loops involving ‘clock’ genes including Period1 and Period2, and their protein products, PERIOD1 and PERIOD2 (PER1/2). In the canonical model of circadian oscillation, the PER1/2 proteins oscillate together. While their rhythmic expression in the SCN as a whole has been described, the possibility of regional differences remains unknown. To explore these clock proteins in distinct SCN regions, we assessed their expression through the rostro‐caudal extent of the SCN in sagittal sections. We developed an automated method for tracking three fluorophores in digital images of sections triply labeled for PER1, PER2, and gastrin‐releasing peptide (used to locate the core). In the SCN as a whole, neurons expressing high levels of PER2 were concentrated in the rostral, rostrodorsal, and caudal portions of the nucleus, and those expressing high levels of PER1 lay in a broad central area. Within these overall patterns, adjacent cells differed in expression levels of the two proteins. The results demonstrate spatially distinct localization of high PER1 vs. PER2 expression, raising the possibility that their distribution is functionally significant in encoding and communicating temporal information. The findings provoke the question of whether there are fundamental differences in PER1/2 levels among SCN neurons and/or whether topographical differences in protein expression are a product of SCN network organization rather than intrinsic differences among neurons.
Incidence and risk factors of posttraumatic seizures following traumatic brain injury: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study
Authors: Ritter Anne C. , Wagner Amy K. , Fabio Anthony , Pugh Mary Jo , Walker William C. , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Zafonte Ross D. , Brown Allen W. , Hammond Flora M. , Bushnik Tamara , Johnson‐Greene Douglas , Shea Timothy , Krellman Jason W. , Rosenthal Joseph A. , Dreer Laura E. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryObjectiveDetermine incidence of posttraumatic seizure (PTS) following traumatic brain injury (TBI) among individuals with moderate‐to‐severe TBI requiring rehabilitation and surviving at least 5 years.MethodsUsing the prospective TBI Model Systems National Database, we calculated PTS incidence during acute hospitalization, and at years 1, 2, and 5 postinjury in a continuously followed cohort enrolled from 1989 to 2000 (n = 795). Incidence rates were stratified by risk factors, and adjusted relative risk (RR) was calculated. Late PTS associations with immediate (<24 h), early (24 h–7 day), or late seizures (>7 day) versus no seizure prior to discharge from acute hospitalization was also examined.ResultsPTS incidence during acute hospitalization was highest immediately (<24 h) post‐TBI (8.9%). New onset PTS incidence was greatest between discharge from inpatient rehabilitation and year 1 (9.2%). Late PTS cumulative incidence from injury to year 1 was 11.9%, and reached 20.5% by year 5. Immediate/early PTS RR (2.04) was increased for those undergoing surgical evacuation procedures. Late PTS RR was significantly greater for individuals who self‐identified as a race other than black/white (year 1 RR = 2.22), and for black individuals (year 5 RR = 3.02) versus white individuals. Late PTS was greater for individuals with subarachnoid hemorrhage (year 1 RR = 2.06) and individuals age 23–32 (year 5 RR = 2.43) and 33–44 (year 5 RR = 3.02). Late PTS RR years 1 and 5 was significantly higher for those undergoing surgical evacuation procedures (RR: 3.05 and 2.72, respectively).SignificanceIn this prospective, longitudinal, observational study, PTS incidence was similar to that in studies published previously. Individuals with immediate/late seizures during acute hospitalization have increased late PTS risk. Race, intracranial pathologies, and neurosurgical procedures also influenced PTS RR. Further studies are needed to examine the impact of seizure prophylaxis in high‐risk subgroups and to delineate contributors to race/age associations on long‐term seizure outcomes.
Computed tomography of nuchal ligament and semispinalis capitis tendon avulsions in a foal
Authors: Swarbrick M. T. , Powell S. E. , Haggett E. F. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryHead trauma is a common injury in young horses. This case report describes a 10‐week‐old Thoroughbred foal with an open wound following trauma to the poll region, showing abnormal head carriage and depression. A computed tomography (CT) study was performed under general anaesthetic (GA). This identified a complete avulsion of the nuchal ligament (NL) and partial avulsions of the left and right semispinalis capitis (SS) tendons. Following diagnosis and conservative treatment the foal made a good recovery and 18 months later the filly had no detectable neurological or physical abnormalities. Computed tomography enabled an accurate and rapid diagnosis of a novel injury.
Nutritional tips for veterinarians
Authors: Harris P. , Dunnett C. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryAs a herd‐living, nonruminant, hindgut fermenting, primarily grazing herbivore the horse has evolved with a specialised gastrointestinal tract capable of utilising a wide range of plant species, which are hydrolysed and/or fermented to yield energy and nutrients for bodily processes. Domestication has resulted in the horse often being fed and managed to suit human requirements rather than their own, which can lead to digestive, behavioural and clinical issues. Appropriate nutrition not only reduces the risk of a nutritional component being a limiting factor to performance, but it also supports the maintenance of health and appropriate behaviour. A basic understanding of the digestive processes therefore can be very valuable when deciding how to feed horses optimally for both health and activity. This article provides a general overview of the gastrointestinal tract from a nutritional perspective and points out a few key practical areas where knowledge of feeding practices can be helpful for veterinarians.
Deinococcus radiodurans DR2231 is a two‐metal‐ion mechanism hydrolase with exclusive activity on dUTP
Authors: Mota Cristiano S. , Gonçalves Ana Maria D. , de Sanctis Daniele 
Published: October 2016

DR2231 from Deinococcus radiodurans was previously functionally and structurally characterized as an all‐α NTP pyrophosphohydrolase with specific dUTPase activity. dUTPases have a central role in the regulation of dUTP intracellular levels and dTTP nucleotide metabolism. DR2231 presents a conserved dimetal catalytic site, similar to all‐α dimeric dUTPases, but contrary to these enzymes, it is unable to process dUDP. In this article, we present functional and structural evidence of single‐point mutations that affect directly or indirectly the enzyme catalysis and provide a complete description of the all‐α NTP pyrophosphohydrolase mechanism. Activity assays, isothermal titration calorimetry and the crystal structures of these mutants obtained in complex with dUMP or a dUTP analogue aid in probing the reaction mechanism. Our results demonstrate that the two metals are necessary for enzyme processing and also important to modulate the substrate binding affinity. Single‐point mutations located in a structurally mobile lid‐like loop show that the interactions with the nucleoside monophosphate are essential for induction of the closed conformation and ultimately for substrate processing. β‐ and γ‐phosphates are held in place through coordination with the second metal, which is responsible for the substrate ‘gauche’ orientation in the catalytic position. The lack of sufficient contacts to orient the dUDP β‐phosphate for hydrolysis explains DR2231 preference towards dUTP. Sequence and structural similarities with MazG proteins suggest that a similar mechanism might be conserved within the protein family.DatabaseStructural data are available in the PDB under the accession numbers 5HVA, 5HWU, 5HX1, 5HYL, 5I0J, 5HZZ, 5I0M.
The Influence of a Credit Rating Change on Dividend and Investment Policy Interactions
Authors: Khieu Hinh D. , Pyles Mark K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe examine firms’ alterations in dividend and investment activities following credit rating changes. We find that downgraded firms reduce both dividends and investments more than no‐rating‐change firms. However, a silver lining of this doubly negative impact for shareholders is an increase in investment efficiency in firms that are most likely to overinvest. For upgraded firms, investments increase, but dividend outlays do not, compared to firms without rating changes. Our findings of asymmetric dividend stickiness and symmetric investment changes on a credit shock suggest that dividends and investments should not always be considered competing uses of funds.
The Effects of Executive, Firm, and Board Characteristics on Executive Exit
Authors: Becker‐Blease John , Elkinawy Susan , Hoag Christopher , Stater Mark 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe estimate a hazard model of the probability of top corporate executives exiting their firms over the period 1996–2010. Our main findings are that: (1) female executives have greater likelihoods of exit than males, (2) the likelihood of exit increases with the independence of the board and decreases with the fraction of the board that is female and the average age of board members, and (3) a higher percentage of independent directors on the board lowers the probability of exit more for females than for males. Further, controlling for exit risk reduces the well‐documented compensation differential between men and women.
Entrepreneurial Spawning: Experience, Education, and Exit
Authors: Cumming Douglas , Walz Uwe , Werth Jochen Christian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigate the career dynamics of high‐tech entrepreneurs by analyzing the exit choice of entrepreneurs: to act as a business angel, to found another firm, or to become dependently employed. Our detailed data from CrunchBase indicate that founders are more likely to stick with entrepreneurship as a serial entrepreneur or as an angel investor in cases where the founder had prior experience either in founding other startups or working for a startup, or had a “jack‐of‐all‐trades” education.
Corporate Governance and the Goal of the Firm: In Defense of Shareholder Wealth Maximization
Authors: Denis Diane 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis essay is based on my keynote address at the 2016 annual meeting of the Eastern Finance Association. I propose that misunderstandings about the traditional model of corporate governance, with its emphasis on shareholder wealth maximization, contribute to negative societal attitudes about corporations. I discuss the implications of shareholder wealth maximization for other corporate stakeholders, the dangers of deviating from shareholder wealth maximization, and the roles that the media and the government play in the governance of corporations.
Differing environmental drivers of settlement across the range of southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) suggest resilience of the fishery to climate change
Authors: Hinojosa Ivan A. , Gardner Caleb , Green Bridget S. , Jeffs Andrew , Leon Rafael , Linnane Adrian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTemporal and spatial trends in settlement of the southern rock lobster, Jasus edwardsii, were examined to identify the influence of environmental variables over different spatial scales. Settlement data were collected from 1994 to 2011 along the Southern Australian and New Zealand coasts. We identified common settlement trends at a regional scale (100–500 km): the magnitude of settlement at sites from South Australia (SA) and Victoria (VIC) were similar, but different to sites in Tasmania (TAS). In New Zealand, three spatial regions were identified: northern (NNZ), middle (MNZ) and southern regions (SNZ). Higher settlement in SA, VIC and MNZ occurred in years with higher rainfall and storms in spring and El Niño conditions. In TAS and SNZ, higher settlement occurred during La Niña conditions. These results suggest that settlement over regional scales is modulated by oceanic processes, but outcomes vary between regions. At a local scale, a higher wave period and wind relaxation were relatively more important than the sea surface temperature (SST) in SA and VIC. In TAS, the current velocity also influenced the strength of settlement. However, much of the local settlement variability was not explained by the models suggesting that settlement in J. edwardsii is a complex process where larval behaviour, biological factors and oceanographic processes interact over different scales. The apparently complex processes affecting settlement showed that environmental conditions that reduced settlement strength in one region of the fishery often increased settlement strength in other regions. This could provide resilience to climate change at the stock level.
Significance of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Crohn's disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Sagami Shintaro , Ueno Yoshitaka , Tanaka Shinji , Fujita Akira , Hayashi Ryohei , Oka Shiro , Hyogo Hideyuki , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: October 2016

AimAimThe prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Crohn's disease (CD) is increasing. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of NAFLD in patients with CD, as well as to investigate the effect of NAFLD on the disease course of CD.MethodsOur retrospective cohort study included 303 patients who underwent abdominal ultrasound for CD and NAFLD diagnosis at our center between November 2008 and October 2014. Serum C‐reactive protein (CRP) level and rate of remission, defined by a score <150 on the Crohn's Disease Activity Index, were compared between CD patients with and without NAFLD, using multivariate logistic regression. The effect of NAFLD on the surgery‐free interval was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, adjusted for potential demographic confounders.ResultsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was diagnosed in 66 (21.8%) patients in our study cohort and was associated with lower CRP levels (0.58 vs. 2.18 mg/dL, P < 0.0001) and a higher rate of remission (75.9% vs. 53.7%, P = 0.0024). Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was identified as an independent predictor of a negative CRP level (<0.3 mg/dL; odds ratio, 1.85; 95% confidence interval, 1.03–3.37) and higher rate of remission (odds ratio, 2.57; 95% confidence interval, 1.21–5.80). Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was associated with longer surgery‐free interval (log–rank test, P = 0.0035), with NAFLD identified as a positive predictor of surgery‐free interval (P = 0.0014).ConclusionsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease may offer a protective effect in patients with CD and could be used as a prognostic marker in patients with CD.
Impacts of Camellia kucha and its main chemical components on the lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Li Kai Kai , Wong Hing Lok , Hu Tianyong , Zhang Cheng , Han Xiao Qiang , Ye Chuang Xing , Leung Ping Chung , Cheng Bao Hui , Ko Chun Hay 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCamellia kucha, a wild tea plant with potent antioxidant potential, has been consumed as local beverage for a long history. It is featured for the presence of theacrine and low content of caffeine. Interestingly, compared with caffeine showed strong stimulant effect, theacrine showed sedation, hypnoses and promoting memory function. In this study, the anti‐adipogenic ability of Kucha tea (KT) and its main components were evaluated in mouse 3T3‐L1 cells. The results indicated that KT acted significantly to decrease lipid droplet accumulation. Moreover, KT decreased the expression of major transcription factors of adipogenesis pathway, such as PPAR γ and C/EBP α. KT also decreased the mRNA and protein levels of fatty acid synthase, fatty acid translocase, steroylcoenzyme A desaturase‐1, lipoprotein lipase and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase‐1. Furthermore, KT suppressed the activation of ERK, p38 and JNK.