bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dyadic examination of parents' general psychological distress and coparenting in families with young children: The mediating role of couple satisfaction
Authors: Güre Pelin , Gürmen M. Selenga , Acar İbrahim H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe current research explored the dyadic relationships between general psychological distress (GPD) and coparenting dimensions (cooperation, conflict, triangulation) through the mediation of couple satisfaction among parents with young children. The sample comprised 184 heterosexual couples (184 mothers, 184 fathers, age range from 25 to 57 years) married for 10 years on average. The actor–partner interdependence model (APIM) and APIM Mediation Model analyses demonstrated significant relationships between mothers' and fathers' GPD and all three of their own coparenting dimensions (direct actor effects), also through their own couple satisfaction (indirect actor–actor effects). Additionally, mothers' GPD had direct effects on fathers' coparenting cooperation (partner effect). Fathers' GPD had significant indirect effects on all dimensions of mothers' coparenting through mothers' couple satisfaction (partner–actor effects), plus on mothers' coparenting triangulation through fathers' couple satisfaction (actor–partner effect). Findings were in line with Family System Theory and consistent with prior research. Clinical implications were discussed.
Experiences, health needs, and access to health services of university students with female circumcision: A qualitative study
Authors: Evrenol Öçal Simge , Şimşek Çetinkaya Şahika 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAimsThis study aimed to assess the female circumcision (FC) experiences, healthcare needs, and access to health services of foreign university students who are victims of female genital mutilation and studying in Turkey.MethodsThis descriptive qualitative study was conducted in the Faculty of Health Science in a state university in Turkey from December 2021 to January 2022. Eight students who had been subjected to FC participated in this study. Data were collected by conducting in‐depth, semistructured online interviews and using a pilot‐tested interview guide. The data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.ResultsFour themes emerged: “reasons for performing FC, ‘health effects of FC,’ ‘psychological problems linked to FC,’ and ‘FC survivors' access to health services.’” Students stated that they exposed to this practice because of limiting their womanhood, they experienced problems, such as pelvic pain, infection, loss of sexuality, fear of pregnancy and birth, and they had healthcare needs due to FC but face some barriers.ConclusionsFC negatively affects women's health and has specific healthcare needs. Studying in a different country can be turned into an opportunity to solve the health problems they experience. For this, the right approach with knowledgeable and culturally sensitive health professionals can change stereotypes towards practice.
Voicing expertise: Exploring strategic use of vowel variants in the English pronunciation of Chinese language instructors
Authors: Mei Yunbo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccent often carries social implications and can serve as an identity marker, reflecting how speakers perceive themselves and how they wish to be perceived by others. This study employs a variationist approach to examine the agency of Chinese English language teachers in negotiating their professional identities through accent. Instead of a loose association between identity and accent, detailed sociophonetic analyses reveal that these teachers construct desired self‐representations through the strategic use of linguistic resources. Findings indicated that participants’ perceptions of the relationship between teacher qualifications and native‐like/first‐language‐influenced English accent can predict their pronunciation patterns. Relating to how they perceive nativeness and professional identity, participants’ use of robust DRESS–TRAP nuclei and larger tongue movements in MOUTH and PRICE can be interpreted as strategies to distance themselves from a “non‐native” identity, which is often stigmatized within the language teaching community. The utilization of stylistic resources allows participants to construct a professional teacher persona and signify expertise in language teaching.
Characterisation of Fusarium and Neocosmospora Species Associated With Crown Rot and Wilt of African Eggplant (Solanum aethiopicum) in Ghana
Authors: Okorley Benjamin Azu , Ravnskov Sabine , Brentu Francis C. , Offei Samuel K. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAfrican eggplant (AEP) (Solanum aethiopicum group Gilo) is an important vegetable with considerable economic value in Ghana and tropical Africa. However, fungal diseases threaten its cultivation. Surveys conducted in 2021 and 2022 growing seasons across 35 commercial farms in five regions of Ghana revealed symptoms of crown rot and wilt affecting AEP. This study was undertaken to identify and characterise 36 fungal isolates causing these diseases in AEPs using morphological, molecular and pathogenicity assays. Morphological and molecular analyses of the Btub2, Tef‐1α and Rpb2 sequences identified two Fusarium species (F. elaeidis and F. fredkrugeri) and three Neocosmospora species (N. falciforme, N. suttoniana and N. solani) associated with the plant diseases. F. elaeidis (14 isolates) and N. falciforme (14) were the most commonly isolated species from symptomatic plants. Specifically, F. elaeidis was found in wilting plants, while F. fredkrugeri and the three Neocosmospora spp. were more associated with wilting plants with crown rot symptoms than plants with only wilt symptoms. All identified species exhibited pathogenicity when inoculated onto AEP roots and stems, confirming field observations. F. elaeidis was the most aggressive in inducing wilt symptoms, while N. solani and N. suttoniana were particularly aggressive in inducing crown rot symptoms. This study is the first to document that F. elaeidis, F. fredkrugeri, N. falciforme and N. suttoniana are pathogens causing wilt and crown rot in AEP in Ghana. These findings provide essential insights for developing effective disease management strategies to reduce losses from these fungal species.
Napping during cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia: Friends or foes?
Authors: Faraut Brice , Gaillard Louise , Labonne Annabelle , Dubois Julie Margrethe , Adrien Joëlle , Léger Damien 
Published: September 2024

SummaryCognitive and Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia (CBT‐I) is the gold standard treatment for chronic insomnia, with one crucial step being the restriction of time spent in bed. This restriction often intensifies early afternoon sleepiness, leading to a natural gateway for a short recuperative nap, which might foster adherence to CBT‐I over time. In practice, mental health professionals providing CBT‐I lack consensus on whether or not to tolerate short naps during the CBT‐I period for requesting patients. In this pilot study, we examined the effects of authorised napping on CBT‐I efficiency in patients with insomnia (a napping group was compared with a matched non‐napping group, n = 108). We report that napping enhanced early afternoon alertness and importantly did not affect CBT‐I‐mediated improvements in the Insomnia Severity Index and Beck Depression Inventory‐2 and in self‐reported sleep efficiency, latency, and wake after sleep onset (assessed by the sleep diaries). Further investigations using objective methods of sleep assessments are now needed to confirm that napping behaviour does not compromise the improvements enabled by CBT‐I and may even strengthen adherence to the treatment.
Macroscopic and histopathological description of gastric lesions in horse, donkey, and mule fetuses in the last trimester of gestation
Authors: Medina‐Bolívar Angie Lorena , Faleiros Rafael Resende , Martínez‐Aranzales José Ramon 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited information is available on gastric diseases in neonatal foals as compared with extensive studies in young, adult, and geriatric horses. Reports on fetuses are scarce.ObjectivesAssess at necropsy stomachs of horse, donkey and mule fetuses in the third trimester of gestation to characterize lesions present during intrauterine life.AnimalsForty‐six fetal stomachs from both sexes (21 horses, 21 donkeys, and 4 mules) in the third trimester of gestation were collected from a processing plant immediately after slaughter.MethodsMeasurements of longitudinal and transverse axes, weight and volume and gastric fluid pH were taken, and glandular and squamous mucosae were inspected. All findings of the gastric mucosa and measurements of the stomachs were presented descriptively. Groups were compared statistically, with significance level set at P < .05 for all evaluations.ResultsAll gastric contents had pH >5.8, and mules had larger stomachs and higher weights compared with horses (P < .05). Macroscopic lesions were classified as hyperemic, punctate, and erosive. Histopathologically, lesions were consistent with a chronic inflammatory process.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceOur study provides evidence of macroscopic and histopathological lesions in the gastric mucosae of equid fetuses in the last trimester of gestation. Relevant information for perinatology and neonatology is provided regarding the prevalence and classification of preulcerous lesions in equids before birth.
New insights into the reproductive physiology and culture approaches of Paratilapia sp., a Malagasy cichlid with potential interest for sustainable aquaculture
Authors: Caballero‐Huertas Marta , Canonne Marc , Rakotomanana Domoina , Tianandriatsiferana Rovaniaina Jospin Césaire , Andrianjafisoa Tsiriniaina , Rasoloariniaina Jean Robertin , Mortillaro Jean‐Michel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOne of the primary objectives in freshwater aquaculture is the search for sustainable systems based on agroecological intensification. In this context, the cultivation of local species is decisive, although requiring the identification of new candidates. Malagasy aquaculture is an example of the development of such an approach. We aimed to deepen the knowledge of the biology of the Paratilapia sp., specifically, their reproductive traits and zootechnical aspects, with special emphasis on the juvenile stages. The information provided has interest for its commercial production and the species conservation, as populations are subjected to overexploitation and habitat degradation. This study is a consolidated report on morphological characteristics, sexual dimorphism, reproductive biology, and early developmental ontogeny. The main results suggested a marked sexual dimorphism, as well as greater growth of males compared with females. Aggressive behavior between males was observed before pair formation. Generally, female and males provided protection until fry are independent. Females produced 2756 ± 598 eggs per spawn on average (gonadosomatic index = 4.6%), with a reproductive frequency of one to two spawns. Despite the need to improve breeding protocols, this work represents a breakthrough in producing a local freshwater species of potential interest.
Unveiling the mutual dynamics: Institutions, education and economic growth over 138 years in OECD countries
Authors: Röthel Tim , Leschke Martin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMany articles examine the effect of institutions and education on economic growth in growth models or empirical settings. However, the opposite effect of economic development on institutions and education is less researched. Systematic evidence is scarce when looking at the interplay of education and institutions. Most of the literature focuses on post‐war evidence starting in the 1960s only. However, institutions and education, both, only change slowly over time and, thus, should be analysed over a longer period. In this article, we try to close a gap by examining the relationship between all three variables over 138 years. By estimating a vector error correction model for a sample of 20 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) countries, we are additionally able to differentiate between short‐ and long‐run results. We find positive effects of institutions and education on growth and vice versa. In contrast, institutions and education do not significantly affect each other. Our results are robust to several robustness tests and extensions.
Food security during pregnancy: A qualitative content analysis study in Iran
Authors: Bagheri Maryam , Lamyian Minoor , Sadighi Jila , Ahmadi Fazlollah , Mohammadi‐Nasrabadi Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFood security during pregnancy is crucial for safeguarding the health of expectant mothers and optimizing prenatal outcomes. Food insecurity can manifest in varying degrees, ranging from moderate disruptions to the quality and diversity of diet to severe cases that disrupt dietary patterns and reduce overall food intake. Limited information exists regarding food security among pregnant women in Iran. Therefore, this qualitative study aims to investigate food security during pregnancy from the perspectives of pregnant women (n = 17) and experts in food security (n = 6). Data were collected through purposeful sampling and 23 semi‐structured interviews. The data analysis process occurred concurrently with data collection, employing a conventional content analysis approach. The findings underwent rigorous evaluation based on credibility, confirmability, dependability, transferability and authenticity. The results revealed that access to quality foods in pregnancy depends on the sustainability of food resources, economic access to food, the family's food budget, pregnant women's utilization of food due to pregnancy conditions, their nutritional literacy and cultural practices. Pregnant women employ various strategies to cope with food insecurity and require social and governmental support to manage it effectively. Therefore, it is suggested that health care authorities initially assess the level of food security among pregnant women and subsequently, through equitable food distribution, reform culture and increase food literacy, providing practical and informative educational programmes, and structured support, improve their food security.
Exploring institutional stratification: Minority‐serving institutional pathways to medical school acceptance in the United States
Authors: Burbage Amanda K. , Hewitt Eushekia Y. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionRecruiting and training a diverse pool of physicians from historically excluded groups is vital to solving complex scientific problems and increasing access to patient care. Disparate educational and health outcomes of COVID‐19 amplified this need. In stratified higher education systems, underfunded institutions that serve greater numbers of underrepresented in medicine (URM) students face unique barriers to entering physician training. However, pathways from historically underfunded minority‐serving institutions (MSIs) in the United States to medical school (MD) are not well understood.MethodA hierarchical logistic regression analysis of 328 488 de‐identified applicants to US MD‐granting medical schools for academic years 2017–2018 through 2022–2023 was used to determine predictors of acceptance based on MSI attendance compared to predominantly White institutions (PWI) and other literature‐informed predictors. An interrupted time series analysis determined the significance in changes in observed differences in application acceptance before and after the COVID‐19 pandemic.ResultsIn model 1, MSI attendance was associated with significantly lower odds of acceptance, with a 42% to 52% chance of acceptance compared to PWI applicants. Adding MCAT and GPA significantly increased odds of acceptance for most MSI applicants in model 2. MSI attendance, MCAT, GPA and socio‐economic status indicators were useful predictors, improving the acceptance model by 39% better than the null model. Although some predictors showed a change in odds over time, none changed significantly when comparing before and after COVID‐19.DiscussionMSI attending students were less likely to be admitted to MD programmes, highlighting systemic stratification until other academic factors were introduced to the model that alleviated lower odds, and the COVID‐19 pandemic did not substantially change these trends. Improved pathways and strengthened institutional relationships between institutions that have greater proportions of underrepresented students and medical schools may help improve MSI applicant odds furthering diversity within the physician‐trained workforce.
Enhancing ICU care with nurse‐written diaries
Authors: Bosco Vincenzo , Mercuri Caterina , Giordano Vincenza , Froio Anna Maria , Commisso Daniele , Nocerino Rita , Guillari Assunta , Rea Teresa , Mastrangelo Helenia , Uchmanowicz Izabella , Simeone Silvio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatient diaries are a supportive intervention aiding intensive care unit (ICU) survivors and their families post‐critical illness. Despite their growing acceptance, ICU diary usage varies across settings.AimThis study explored themes in nurse‐written ICU diaries and their impact on nursing work and communication.Study DesignThis qualitative study employed an interpretative narrative methodology to explore the experiences of ICU nurses. The narrative approach enabled the synthesis of diverse events and impressions into coherent stories, facilitating a deeper understanding of participants' perspectives. Data collection involved thematic analysis of diaries following Braun and Clarke's methodology. The analysis included familiarization, coding, theme identification and validation by the research team. The findings were reviewed by participants and translated into English using the WHO's cultural adaptation guidelines, ensuring reliability and credibility in the study's outcomes.ResultsThe sample consisted of 28 ICU nurses, each with professional experience ranging from 1 to 23 years. The hospitalized subjects for whom our sample wrote the diary consist of 13 participants aged 23–79 years. Two main themes emerged from the analysis: (1) simplifying the intensive care situation with specific minimization strategies and (2) attention to nonverbal communication.ConclusionsThis study highlights the role of nurse‐written ICU diaries in making the ICU environment more understandable and less intimidating for patients. Nurse‐written ICU diaries contribute to improved communication and emotional support within the ICU environment. Further research is needed to explore these effects more fully and to assess the broader implications of ICU diaries on patient outcomes.Relevance to Clinical PracticeNurse‐written intensive care unit (ICU) diaries have a significant impact on both patient care and nursing practice in ICUs. ICU diaries serve as a crucial tool for enhancing communication, emotional support and empathetic care within these high‐stress environments. By simplifying complex medical information and focusing on nonverbal communication, nurses can make the ICU experience more comprehensible and less intimidating for patients. This approach reduces patient anxiety and psychological stress while fostering a stronger nurse–patient relationship, ultimately improving care quality.
Sterile water and regional citrate anticoagulation: A simple CRRT strategy for safe correction of severe hyponatraemia
Authors: Shi An , Liu Xin , Jia Zheng , Lu Xinyi , Teng Shuang , Zhang Lili , Li Jiao , Li Chengcheng , Peng Ying , Huang Yue , Tang Jianhua , Zhang Hanfeng , Liu Zhenjun 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundHyponatraemia is a prevalent electrolyte disturbance observed in critically ill patients. The rapid correction of low plasma sodium levels by continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) carries the risk of developing osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS), which can be prevented by implementing an individualized CRRT method.AimThis study aims to introduce a CRRT protocol for the safe and gradual correction of severe hyponatraemia.Study DesignThis retrospective case series study was conducted in an intensive care unit (ICU). All four patients with severe hyponatraemia (<125 mmol/L) and renal failure between October 1, 2022, and September 30, 2023, were treated by CRRT with sterile water and regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA). Data on patient demographics, laboratory biochemical parameters, urine outputs and CRRT‐related adverse events were collected. Laboratory parameters and urine outputs were compared by paired t‐tests before and after CRRT.ResultsAfter CRRT, sodium levels were significantly increased (112.7 ± 6.7 vs. 141.9 ± 2.8 mmol/L, p = .005). Abnormal urine outputs, potassium, creatinine and bicarbonate were corrected (p for all <.05). Safe and gradual correction of hyponatraemia and internal environmental dysregulation was achieved in all patients without any complications related to CRRT, particularly ODS.ConclusionIt is a novel and simple strategy to correct severe hyponatraemia effectively while ensuring the safety of patients that can be easily implemented by experienced nurse staff.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe sterile water‐based protocol for postfilter dilution is safe to correct severe hyponatraemia with RCA and can be easily performed by experienced critical care nurses according to the precalculated formula. CRRT‐trained, experienced ICU nurses are competent to initiate and adjust sterile water infusion discretely to prevent overcorrection of hyponatraemia.
Artificial intelligence and psychedelic medicine
Authors: Sarris Jerome , Halman Andreas , Urokohara Anna , Lehrner Mathew , Perkins Daniel 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) and psychedelic medicines are among the most high‐profile evolving disruptive innovations within mental healthcare in recent years. Although AI and psychedelics may not have historically shared any common ground, there exists the potential for these subjects to combine in generating innovative mental health treatment approaches. In order to inform our perspective, we conducted a scoping review of relevant literature up to late August 2024 via PubMed intersecting AI with psychomedical use of psychedelics. Our perspective covers the potential application of AI in psychedelic medicine for: drug discovery and clinical trial optimization (including pharmacodynamics); study design; understanding psychedelic experiences; personalization of treatments; clinical screening, delivery, and follow‐up (potentially delivered via chatbots/apps); application of psychological preparation, integration, and general mental health support; its role in enhancing treatment via brain modulatory devices (including virtual reality and haptic suits); and the consideration of ethical and security safeguards. Challenges include the need for sufficient data protection and security, and a range of necessary ethical protections. Future avenues of exploration could involve directly administering psychedelics (or providing algorithm‐generated effects) to inorganic AI‐interfaced neural networks that may exceed human brain activity (i.e., cognitive capacity) and intelligence.