bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between sources of pet acquisition and euthanasia of cats and dogs in an animal shelter: a pilot study
Authors: Arbe Montoya AI , Rand JS , Greer RM , Alberthsen C , Vankan D 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveApproximately 140,000 unwanted dogs and cats are culled in Australia annually. There is a paucity of information linking sources of pet acquisition with subsequent euthanasia, which may inform evidence‐based strategies to reduce euthanasia rates. This pilot study aimed to determine whether there is a higher risk of euthanasia related to the source of acquisition for pets surrendered to an animal shelter.MethodsData for 5391 dogs and 5581 cats surrendered to one Queensland shelter between January 2006 and December 2009 were analysed.ResultsThe main sources of acquisition for owner‐surrendered dogs were ‘shelter’ and ‘pet shop’ and for owner‐surrendered cats were ‘own litter’ and ‘shelter’. Euthanasia rates for different sources varied. For adult dogs, acquisition through newspaper advertisements was associated with the highest euthanasia rate. Adult cats obtained as gifts (from friend or family member) had the highest euthanasia rate. For junior cats, the overwhelming source was the owner's own litter (68% of intake) and only kittens acquired as strays were at significantly higher risk of euthanasia. For both dogs and cats, animals acquired from shelters had lower rates of euthanasia than most other sources, which suggests that shelter‐sourced animals may be considered a preferred source for pet acquisition to assist in reducing the number of adoptable pets euthanased.ConclusionThere was evidence from the study animal shelter that the risk of euthanasia was related to acquisition source. These findings should be confirmed by prospective studies, which should also investigate the interaction between acquisition source and other factors, using larger data sets from a variety of shelters.
Treatment of spontaneous preterm labour with retosiban: a phase II pilot dose‐ranging study
Authors: Thornton Steven , Valenzuela Guillermo , Baidoo Charlotte , Fossler Michael J. , Montague Timothy H. , Clayton Linda , Powell Marcy , Snidow Jerry , Stier Brendt , Soergel David 
Published: May 2017

AimsThe aims of the present study were to investigate the maternal, fetal and neonatal safety and tolerability, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of intravenous (IV) retosiban in pregnant women with spontaneous preterm labour (PTL) between 340/7 and 356/7 weeks' gestation.MethodsIn parts A and B of a three‐part, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicentre study, women were randomized 3:1 (Part A) or 2:1 (Part B) to either 12‐h IV retosiban followed by a single dose of oral placebo (R‐P) or 12‐h IV placebo followed by single‐dose oral retosiban (P‐R).ResultsA total of 29 women were randomized; 20 to R‐P and nine to P‐R. An integrated analysis found that adverse events were infrequent in mothers/newborns and consistent with events expected in the population under study or associated with confounding factors. Retosiban was rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with an observed half‐life of 1.45 h. Efficacy analyses included 19 women. While not statistically significant, those receiving R‐P more frequently achieved uterine quiescence in 6 h (R‐P, 63%; 95% credible interval [CrI]: 38, 84; P‐R, 43%; 95% CrI: 12, 78) and more achieved a reduction of ≥50% in uterine contractions in 6 h (R‐P, 63%; 95% CrI: 38, 84; P‐R, 29%; 95% CrI: 4, 64). The number of days to delivery was increased in women receiving R‐P (median 26 days for R‐P vs. 13 days for P‐R).ConclusionsIntravenous retosiban has a favourable safety and tolerability profile and might prolong pregnancies in women with PTL. The study provides the rationale and dosing strategy for further evaluation of the efficacy of retosiban in the treatment of PTL.
Model-based Bootstrapping When Correcting for Measurement Error with Application to Logistic Regression
Authors: Buonaccorsi John P. , Romeo Giovanni , Thoresen Magne 
Published: May 2017

Summary
When fitting regression models, measurement error in any of the predictors typically leads to biased coefficients and incorrect inferences. A plethora of methods have been proposed to correct for this. Obtaining standard errors and confidence intervals using the corrected estimators can be challenging and, in addition, there is concern about remaining bias in the corrected estimators. The bootstrap, which is one option to address these problems, has received limited attention in this context. It has usually been employed by simply resampling observations, which, while suitable in some situations, is not always formally justified. In addition, the simple bootstrap does not allow for estimating bias in non-linear models, including logistic regression. Model-based bootstrapping, which can potentially estimate bias in addition to being robust to the original sampling or whether the measurement error variance is constant or not, has received limited attention. However, it faces challenges that are not present in handling regression models with no measurement error. This article develops new methods for model-based bootstrapping when correcting for measurement error in logistic regression with replicate measures. The methodology is illustrated using two examples, and a series of simulations are carried out to assess and compare the simple and model-based bootstrap methods, as well as other standard methods. While not always perfect, the model-based approaches offer some distinct improvements over the other methods.
Late Holocene palaeoproductivity changes: a multi‐proxy study in the Norwegian Trench and the Skagerrak, North Sea
Authors: Polovodova Asteman Irina , Risebrobakken Bjørg , Moros Matthias , Binczewska Anna , Dobosz Sławomir , Jansen Eystein , Sławińska Joanna , Bąk Małgorzata 
Published: May 2017

To detect climatic linkages between the Baltic Sea, the Skagerrak and the Nordic Seas, we present multi‐proxy reconstructions covering the last 4500 years from three sediment cores taken in the Skagerrak and along the SW Norwegian margin. Foraminiferal assemblages at all three sites show a distinct change at c. 1700 years BP, associated with a transition from absence and rare occurrence of Brizalina skagerrakensis during c. 4500–2300 years BP to its subsequent abundance increase, suggesting a stronger influence of nutrient‐rich water‐masses during the last c. 1700 years. Increased nutrient availability, which probably stimulated higher primary productivity, is further supported by an increase in diatoms, total organic carbon and benthic foraminiferal species indicative of high productivity and carbon fluxes during the last c. 1700 years as compared to c. 4500–2300 years BP. The amplitude of the B. skagerrakensis signal is largest in the central Skagerrak and gradually becomes smaller towards the Norwegian Sea suggesting that the dominant source of the nutrient‐rich water was the brackish outflow from the Baltic Sea. The generally lower abundances of planktonic foraminifera since c. 1700 years BP support the hypothesis of less saline surface water conditions in the Skagerrak. These results agree with other studies, which suggest a stronger Baltic outflow over the last 1700 years coinciding with a general cooling, increased wintertime westerlies bringing more winter precipitation to northern Europe, increased river runoff and higher frequency of floods. The increase in outflow also occurs during deposition of laminated sediments in the deep Baltic Sea. Leakage of dissolved inorganic phosphorus from anoxic sediments, as well as enhanced erosion due to deforestation in combination with higher runoff from Norway, coastal upwelling and more vigorous frontal dynamics may all have contributed to higher nutrient availability within the adjacent Skagerrak during the last 1700 years BP as compared to c. 4500–2300 years BP, when low productivity prevailed in the study area.
Prognosis and severity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐immunoglobulin G‐related diseases
Authors: Nakashima Ichiro 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMyelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐immunoglobulin G‐related demyelinating disease is part of a relatively new disease spectrum that differs from multiple sclerosis. A recent European study showed that adult onset myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein‐immunoglobulin G‐related demyelinating disease might have frequent relapses and a poor prognosis similar to anti‐aquaporin 4 antibody‐positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.
Dark side of astrocytes: Toxic, reactive astrocytes induced by activated microglia
Authors: Yamanaka Koji 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAstrocytes respond to injury and disease in the central nervous system, known as reactive astrogliosis. Liddelow et al. reported the three cytokines released by microglia are crucial to triggering the toxic astrocyte phenotype. These toxic astrocytes are also relevant to neurodegenerative and neuroimmune diseases.
Regularized Pointwise Map Recovery from Functional Correspondence
Authors: Rodolà E. , Moeller M. , Cremers D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe concept of using functional maps for representing dense correspondences between deformable shapes has proven to be extremely effective in many applications. However, despite the impact of this framework, the problem of recovering the point‐to‐point correspondence from a given functional map has received surprisingly little interest. In this paper, we analyse the aforementioned problem and propose a novel method for reconstructing pointwise correspondences from a given functional map. The proposed algorithm phrases the matching problem as a regularized alignment problem of the spectral embeddings of the two shapes. Opposed to established methods, our approach does not require the input shapes to be nearly‐isometric, and easily extends to recovering the point‐to‐point correspondence in part‐to‐whole shape matching problems. Our numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach leads to a significant improvement in accuracy in several challenging cases.
Hybrid and fully‐etched surface implants in periodontally healthy patients: A comparative retrospective study on marginal bone loss
Authors: Spinato Sergio , Bernardello Fabio , Sassatelli Paolo , Zaffe Davide 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundHuman studies on implants with the same design but with different surfaces are lacking at the present time.PurposeThe aim of this study was to compare the survival rate of and marginal bone loss (MBL) around 2 types of implants with the same design, but with different surfaces: fully “sandblasted and double‐etched” (SDE) implants and hybrid (H) implants, with an apical SDE‐surface and a coronal machined‐surface.Materials and methodsThe SDE‐ and H‐surfaces were previously analyzed under SEM and profilometer. Implants were placed in partially edentulous periodontally healthy patients requiring single implant‐restoration, in either mandible or maxilla, with cement‐retained prosthetic restoration. Twelve months after prosthetic loading, MBL in relation to prosthetic abutment height (AH), calculated radiographically, was statistically analyzed.ResultsSEM and profilometer analyses revealed no differences between the SDE‐surfaces of either SDE‐ or H‐implants. Transverse ridges and grooves characterized the machined portion of H‐implants, clearly influencing the profilometer analysis. In 75 patients, 37 SDE and 38 H‐implants were placed and all functioned completely after 12 months. In both SDE‐ and H‐groups, MBL had a significant inverse relationship with AH, with greater intercept and negative slope for SDE‐group and intersection of the 2 regression lines at AH = 2 mm.ConclusionsA 100% survival rate was recorded for SDE‐ and H‐implants placed in pristine bone of periodontally healthy patients; MBL was limited and similar in both SDE‐ and H‐groups; the higher the prosthetic AH, the lesser the MBL around implants; H‐implants could reduce bone loss most effectively with abutments lower than 2 mm, realistically exploitable on thin biotypes; SDE‐implants could reduce bone loss most effectively with abutments greater than 2 mm, realistically exploitable on thick biotypes.
Selective outcome reporting in obesity clinical trials: a cross‐sectional review
Authors: Rankin J. , Ross A. , Baker J. , O'Brien M. , Scheckel C. , Vassar M. 
Published: May 2017

SummarySelective outcome reporting is a form of bias resulting from discrepancies between outcomes presented in a trial's registration and the published report. We investigate this selective bias in obesity clinical trials. A PubMed search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in four obesity journals from 2013 to 2015. Primary, secondary and tertiary outcomes were recorded for each trial and compared to pre‐specified outcomes in each trial's registration. Of the 392 identified articles, 142 were included in the final analysis; 22 (15%) RCTs demonstrated major outcome discrepancies between registration and publication: No primary outcomes were demoted to a secondary or tertiary outcome; 14 (36.84%) primary outcomes were omitted; 14 (36.84%) primary outcomes were added: 5 (13.16%) secondary outcomes were upgraded to primary outcomes; and timing of assessment for a primary outcome changed 5 (13.16%) times. Out of the 63 prospectively registered studies, 53 had no discrepancies. A total of 76 of the studies (29.80%) were unregistered or did not have an associated registration number. Our results suggest that selective outcome reporting may be a concern in obesity clinical trials. As selective outcome reporting may distort clinical findings and limit outcomes in systematic reviews, we encourage trialists and journal editors to work towards solutions to mitigate this issue.
Theory versus practice, bacteriological efficiency versus personal habits: A bacteriological and user acceptability evaluation of filtering tools for people who inject drugs
Authors: Jauffret‐Roustide Marie , Chollet Aude , Santos Aurélie , Benoit Thérèse , Péchiné Séverine , Duplessy Catherine , Bara Jean‐Louis , Lévi Yves , Karolak Sara , Néfau Thomas 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsPeople who inject drugs (PWID) are exposed to associated viral, bacterial and fungal risks. These risks can be reduced by filtration. Large disparities in the quality of filtration exist between the various available filters. This paper compares both performance and user acceptability of three filters for drug injection (cotton filters, Sterifilt® and wheel filters) by combining epidemiological and bacteriological analyses.Design and MethodsA cross‐sectional epidemiological study (ANRS‐Coquelicot) using time–location sampling combined with the generalised weight sampling method was conducted among 985 PWID in France. Two filtration‐based bacteriological studies of 0.20‐ and 0.45‐μm wheel filters, Sterifilt filters and cotton filters were also conducted.ResultsThe bacteriological study highlighted the value of using wheel filters with a porosity of less than 0.5 μm, as they limit the risk of bacterial and fungal infection. The results of this study clearly highlight a distinction between the efficiency of Sterifilt and wheel filters, the latter being more effective. Our epidemiological study highlighted that the use of cotton filters is widespread and routine, but is the subject of much criticism among PWID. Sterifilt is not widely used, and its adoption is slow. Finally, the wheel filter remains a largely untested tool.Discussion and ConclusionsLow product retention and ease of use are the two most important factors for filters for PWID. Bacterial and fungal risk filtration is less important. It is essential to educate PWID about the benefits of wheel filters. [Jauffret‐Roustide M, Chollet A, Santos A, Benoit T, Péchiné S, Duplessy C, Bara J‐L, Lévi Y, Karolak S, Néfau T. Theory versus practice, bacteriological efficiency versus personal habits: A bacteriological and user acceptability evaluation of filtering tools for people who inject drugs. Drug Alcohol Rev 2018;37:106–115]
Playing it safe: Patron safety strategies and experience of violence in night‐time entertainment districts
Authors: Zhou Jin , Droste Nicolas , Curtis Ashlee , Zinkiewicz Lucy , Miller Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroduction and Aims. Incidences of violence are elevated in night‐time entertainment districts. Research suggests that safety‐related behavioural strategies adopted while drinking can reduce negative alcohol‐related outcomes. The current study investigates the use of safety strategies and its association with experiences of violence among patrons from the general population. Design and Methods. Patron interviews (N = 3949) were conducted in and around licenced venues in Newcastle (New South Wales) and Geelong (Victoria) during peak trading hours (Friday and Saturday, 21:00–01:00 h). Participants (mean age = 24.3, SD = 5.8; male 54.4%) were asked to report what measures, if any, they used to keep safe when drinking and whether they had been involved in a violent incident in the last 12 months. Results. After controlling for patron demographics and location, the use of multiple (more than one) safety strategies was significantly associated with reduced odds of involvement in a violent incident (odds ratio = 0.64, 95% confidence interval 0.49–0.85, P = 0.002). Significant gender differences were observed in the number and type of safety strategies reported. Discussion and Conclusions. Increasing the number of safety‐related behaviours during drinking occasions is associated with a small but significant reduction in experiencing alcohol‐related harms, such as violence. [Zhou J, Droste N, Curtis A, Zinkiewicz L, Miller P. Playing it safe: Patron safety strategies and experience of violence in night‐time entertainment districts.
Effect of dung beetle species richness and chemical perturbation on multiple ecosystem functions
Authors: MANNING PAUL , SLADE ELEANOR M. , BEYNON SARAH A. , LEWIS OWEN T. 
Published: May 2017

1. The relationship between biodiversity and ecosystem functioning is typically positive but saturating, suggesting widespread functional redundancy within ecological communities. However, theory predicts that apparent redundancy can be reduced or removed when systems are perturbed, or when multifunctionality (the simultaneous delivery of multiple functions) is considered.2. Manipulative experiments were used to test whether higher levels of dung beetle species richness enhanced individual functions and multifunctionality, and whether these relationships were influenced by perturbation (in this case, non‐target exposure to the veterinary anthelmintic ivermectin). The four ecosystem functions tested were dung removal, primary productivity, soil faunal feeding activity and reduction in soil bulk density.3. For individual functions, perturbation had limited effects on functioning, with only dung removal significantly (negatively) affected. Species richness did not, on its own, explain significant variation in the delivery of individual functions. In the case of primary productivity, an interaction between richness and perturbation was found: species‐rich dung beetle assemblages enhanced forage growth in the unperturbed treatment, relative to the perturbed treatment.4. Using a composite ‘multifunctionality index’ it was found that species‐rich dung beetle assemblages delivered marginally higher levels of multifunctionality in unperturbed conditions; however, this benefit was lost under perturbation. Using a relatively new and robust method of assessing diversity–multifunctionality relationships across a range of thresholds, no significant effect of species richness on multifunctionality was found.
Comparisons of hyphal growth of Raffaelea quercivora among four Japanese Fagaceae species
Authors: Torii M. , Matsuda Y. , Ito S. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryJapanese oak wilt causes widespread oak mortality in Japan. Possible differences in susceptibility to the causal fungus, Raffaelea quercivora, may be due to vessel arrangements in host trees. To clarify whether constitutive defence mechanisms including vessel arrangements or induced defence mechanisms are the main determinants of host susceptibility, we inoculated the fungus into living seedlings or sterilized stem segments of four Japanese fagaceous species. In seedlings, water conductance was assessed with dye. In both seedlings and stem segments, hyphal growth was examined by fluorescence microscopy. In seedlings, the area of non‐conductive sapwood in stem cross sections and hyphal growth differed significantly among species. In the susceptible species Quercus crispula and Quercus serrata, hyphal growth was significantly and positively correlated with the proportion of non‐conductive sapwood. In stem segments, hyphal growth was not significantly different among species or between vessel arrangements and was similar to or greater than that in seedlings. These results suggest that the extent of sapwood colonization by R. quercivora could be used as a marker for susceptibility and that susceptibility is determined mainly by induced defence responses.
Copper adsorption on composites of goethite, cells of Pseudomonas putida and humic acid
Authors: Du H. H. , Lin Y. P. , Chen W. L. , Cai P. , Rong X. M. , Shi Z. H. , Huang Q. Y. 
Published: May 2017

In the soil environment, iron oxides co‐occur commonly with different types of organic constituents to produce iron oxide–organic composites that play an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of trace metals. We investigated copper (Cu) adsorption on synthetic goethite, Pseudomonas putida (CCTCC M209319) bacterial cells, humic acid (HA) and their binary and ternary composites with batch adsorption experiments coupled with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). Morphological characterizations show that the three components can form closely combined and heterogeneous aggregates with one another. The kinetics of sorption of Cu to these composite materials conforms to the pseudo‐second‐order model, whereas the Cu sorptivities deviate from linear additivity. Specifically, Cu sorptivities on the binary goethite–P. putida and P. putida–HA and ternary goethite–P. putida–HA composites are less than expected assuming additivity, whereas the opposite is seen for the binary goethite–HA composite. There is considerable masking of adsorption sites in the ternary goethite–P. putida–HA system, but the binding sites on bacteria are not completely covered, as shown by the adsorption enthalpy and entropy (19.60 kJ mol−1 and 120.9 J mol−1 K−1, respectively) for the ternary composite. We conclude that the binding affinity of Cu for the binary goethite–humic acid composite is larger than that for the bacterial composites with goethite or humic acid, or both. This research indicates that bacteria, iron oxide and humic substances exhibit different behaviour in the sequestration of heavy metals when they form various binary and ternary complexes in natural environments.HighlightsHow does mineral–organic interaction affect the binding behaviour of trace elements?
First investigation of Cu sorption to goethite–bacteria–humic acid composites.
Goethite–HA shows enhanced Cu adsorption, whereas the opposite is true for bacterial complexes.
Various bacteria–iron oxide–humic substance composites behave differently in metal sequestration.