bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relapsed Cases Of Leprosy In A Hyperendemic City In Northeast Brazil
Authors: Sena Inara Viviane De Oliveira , Da Silva Machado Raylane , Mendes de Brito Bianca Anne , Evangelista de Araújo Telma Maria , Freitas da Silva Grazielle Roberta , Leite Rangel Andrade Elaine Maria 
Published: May 2017

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease enhanced by unfavorable conditions of housing, sanitation and number of cohabitants, especially in cases of relapses.
Objective: To evaluate the relapsed cases of leprosy from 2001 to 2014 in a Brazilian capital.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Teresina, a city considered hyperendemic for leprosy. Association Tests (chi-square test or Fisher's exact test) were carried out.
Results: Three hundred and six cases were reported, of which 42.5% were registered in Basic Health Units (BHUs) and 57.5%, in Reference Units (RUs), with predominance of multibacillary forms. There was an association of clinical form of the disease (p < 0.01) and number of affected nerves (p < 0.05) with health units that reported cases. The number of records where the clinical form was ignored was greater in BHUs than in RUs, and the record of the dimorphic form was more frequent in URs.
Conclusions: There are similarities with other studies, but it is believed that underreporting of cases take place in the studied city. Thus, greater attention to confirm the diagnosis of relapse is necessary. Training health professionals on epidemiological surveillance is essentially important, as well as the approrpiate conduct in relapsed cases of the disease in the context of public health.
Sepsis Epidemiology: Settings and Contexts
Authors: Rulim Ana Laís Lacerda , Rulim Marco Antônio Bezerra , Rolim Neto Modesto Leite , Pita Pablo , Batista Isabelita De Luna 
Published: May 2017

The development of strategies that goals the reduction of mobidity and mortality of patients with sepsis for health promotion depends of the visibility of the variables that interfere in the establishment of the disease, in the epidemiological local context. The study of sepsis in important because its clinical-microbiological epidemiology is dynamic, depends, for example, of epidemiological factors. Patients with severe sepsis presented a reduction in their quality of life due to the cognitive impairment

Key-words: Sepsis, Epidemiological factors, Disease.
Evaluation Of Nursing Assistance To Women During Puerperium
Authors: Dantas Ana Flávia Laurindo de Souza , Bezerra Anne Milane Formiga , Farias Maria do Carmo Andrade Duarte de , Silva Edineide Nunes da , Silva Letícia Sampaio Chaves , Ferreira Wendel Robson Silva , Caldas Mona Lisa Lopes dos Santos 
Published: May 2017

Background: During puerperium, a woman undergoes several changes caused by pregnancy and childbirth. At this stage, complications can occur, which, when not identified or taken care of properly, tend to result in morbidity and mortality from preventable causes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the nursing care provided to women during the puerperium period.
Methods: The research is a descriptive exploratory study, with a quantitative approach, carried out in the Family Health Units (FHU) in the municipality of Patos, PB. The population included all the nurses of the FHU. Out of 38 nurses from the FHU, 27 nurses participated. Data were analysed in SPSS (version 21).
Results: The study revealed that the sample consisted mostly of females (92.6%), aged between 32 and 34 years (44.4%), unmarried, between 10 and 15 years of training (37.0%), all with post-graduate degrees. All the professionals interviewed performed a puerperal consultation and reported that the most common complaints were related to difficulty with breastfeeding (92.6%). Most of the participants participated in training courses offered by management (66.7%), but the majority did not participate in scientific events in the area of women's health after graduation.
Conclusion: Thus, it is necessary to consider how actions are carried out in the women's health care programme concerning puerperium in the city under study. These programmes should consider the health needs of this group and training to fully develop the competencies of qualified professionals.
An OMERACT Initiative Toward Consensus to Identify and Characterize Candidate Contextual Factors: Report from the Contextual Factors Working Group
Authors: Finger Monika E. , Boonen Annelies , Woodworth Thasia G. , Escorpizo Reuben , Christensen Robin , Nielsen Sabrina M. , Leong Amye L. , Scholte Voshaar Marieke , Flurey Caroline A. , Milman Nataliya , Verstappen Suzanne M. , Alten Rieke , Guillemin Francis , Kloppenburg Margreet , Beaton Dorcas E. , Tugwell Peter S. , March Lyn M. , Furst Daniel E. , Pohl Christoph 
Published: May 2017

Objective.The importance of contextual factors (CF) for appropriate patient-specific care is widely acknowledged. However, evidence in clinical trials on how CF influence outcomes remains sparse. The 2014 Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Handbook introduced the role of CF in outcome assessment and defined them as “potential confounders and/or effect modifiers of outcomes in randomized controlled trials.” Subsequently, the CF Methods Group (CFMG) was formed to develop guidance on how to address CF in clinical trials.Methods.First, the CFMG conducted an e-mail survey of OMERACT working groups (WG) to analyze how they had addressed CF in outcome measurement so far. The results facilitated an informed discussion at the OMERACT 2016 CFMG Special Interest Group (SIG) session, with the aim of gaining preliminary consensus regarding an operational definition of CF and to make a first selection of potentially relevant CF.Results.The survey revealed that the WG had mostly used the OMERACT Handbook and/or the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) definition. However, significant heterogeneity was found in the methods used to identify, refine, and categorize CF candidates. The SIG participants agreed on using the ICF as a framework along with the OMERACT Handbook definition. A list with 28 variables was collected including person-related factors and physical and social environments. Recommendations from the SIG guided the CFMG to formulate 3 preliminary projects on how to identify and analyze CF.Conclusion.New methods are urgently needed to assist researchers to identify and characterize CF that significantly influence the interpretation of results in clinical trials. The CFMG defined first steps to develop further guidance.
Treatment Response and Longterm Outcomes in Children with Chronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis
Authors: Schnabel Anja , Range Ursula , Hahn Gabriele , Berner Reinhard , Hedrich Christian M. 
Published: May 2017

Objective.The autoinflammatory bone disorder chronic nonbacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) covers a wide clinical spectrum, ranging from mild self-limited presentations to chronically active or recurrent courses, which are then referred to as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis (CRMO). Little is known about treatment options and longterm outcomes. We investigated treatment responses and outcomes in children with CNO.Methods.A retrospective chart review was conducted in a tertiary referral center, covering 2004–2015. Disease activity was measured at 0, 3, 6, 12, and 24 months after treatment initiation, and at the last recorded visit.Results.Fifty-six patients with CNO were identified; 44 had multifocal CNO. Fifty percent of patients relapsed after a median of 2.4 years, and as few as 40% remained relapse-free after 5 years. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were used as first-line treatment in 55 patients, inducing remission after 3 months in all individuals with relapse rates of 50% after 2 years. Further treatment included corticosteroids (n = 23), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) inhibitors (n = 7), and bisphosphonates (n = 8). While 47% of patients with CNO relapsed within 1 year after corticosteroid therapy, favorable outcomes were achieved with TNF-α inhibitors or bisphosphonates (pamidronate).Conclusion.CNO is a chronic disease with favorable outcomes within the first year, but high relapse rates in longterm followup. Particularly, patients with CRMO with long-lasting, uncontrolled inflammation were at risk for the development of arthritis. Our findings underscore the importance of a timely diagnosis and treatment initiation. Prospective studies are warranted to establish evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to CNO.
Value of, Attitudes Toward, and Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices Based on Use of Self-Study Learning Modules
Authors: Lovelace Rita , Noonen Mary , Bena James F. , Tang Anne S. , Angie Michelle , Cwynar Robbi , Field Rosemary , Rosenberger Jayne , Ross Donna , Walker Donna , Albert Nancy M. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
It is unknown if completing educational modules on understanding, reviewing, and synthesizing research literature is associated with higher value of, attitudes toward, and implementation of evidence-based practices.

Method:
Nurses completed valid, reliable questionnaires on the value of, attitudes toward, and implementation of evidence-based practice 6 months after four educational modules were introduced. Multivariable modeling was used to learn associations of education modules and evidence-based practice themes.

Results:

Of 1,033 participants, 54% completed at least one education module; 22% completed all modules. Value and attitude about evidence-based practice were moderately high, but implementation was low (mean = 15.15 ± 15.72; range = 0 to 72). After controlling for nurse characteristics and experiences associated with evidence-based practice value, attitudes, and implementation scores, education modules completion was associated with the implementation of evidence-based practice (
p
= .001), but not with value or attitude of evidence-based practices scores.

Conclusion:
Education on reviewing and synthesizing literature strengthened implementation of evidence-based practices.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(5):209–216.
Two-Step Screening for Depressive Symptoms and Prediction of Mortality in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Lee Kyoung Suk , Moser Debra K. , Pelter Michele , Biddle Martha J. , Dracup Kathleen 
Published: May 2017

Background
Comorbid depression in patients with heart failure is associated with increased risk for death. In order to effectively identify depressed patients with cardiac disease, the American Heart Association suggests a 2-step screening method: administering the 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire first and then the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire. However, whether the 2-step method is better for predicting poor prognosis in heart failure than is either the 2-item or the 9-item tool alone is not known.

Objective
To determine whether the 2-step method is better than either the 2-item or the 9-item questionnaire alone for predicting all-cause mortality in heart failure.

Methods
During a 2-year period, 562 patients with heart failure were assessed for depression by using the 2-step method. With the 2-step method, results are considered positive if patients endorse either depressed mood or anhedonia on the 2-item screen and have scores of 10 or higher on the 9-item screen.

Results
Screening results with the 2-step method were not associated with all-cause mortality. Patients with scores positive for depression on either the 2-item or 9-item screen alone had 53% and 60% greater risk, respectively, for all-cause death than did patients with scores negative for depression after adjustments for covariates (hazard ratio, 1.530; 95% CI, 1.029–2.274 for the 2-item screen; hazard ratio, 1.603; 95% CI, 1.079–2.383 for the 9-item screen).

Conclusions
The 2-step method has no clear advantages compared with the 2-item screen alone or the 9-item screen alone for predicting adverse prognostic effects of depressive symptoms in heart failure.
Predictive Associations of Music, Anxiety, and Sedative Exposure on Mechanical Ventilation Weaning Trials
Authors: Hetland Breanna , Lindquist Ruth , Weinert Craig R. , Peden-McAlpine Cynthia , Savik Kay , Chlan Linda 
Published: May 2017

Background
Weaning from mechanical ventilation requires increased respiratory effort, which can heighten anxiety and later prolong the need for mechanical ventilation.

Objectives
To examine the predictive associations of music intervention, anxiety, sedative exposure, and patients’ characteristics on time to initiation and duration of weaning trials of patients receiving mechanical ventilation.

Methods
A descriptive, correlational design was used for a secondary analysis of data from a randomized trial. Music listening was defined as self-initiated, patient-directed music via headphones. Anxiety was measured daily with a visual analog scale. Sedative exposure was operationalized as a daily sedation intensity score and a sedative dose frequency. Analyses consisted of descriptive statistics, graphing, survival analysis, Cox proportional hazards regression, and linear regression.

Results
Of 307 patients, 52% were women and 86% were white. Mean age was 59.3 (SD, 14.4) years, mean Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score was 62.9 (SD, 21.6), mean duration of ventilatory support was 8 (range, 1–52) days, and mean stay in the intensive care unit was 18 (range, 2–71) days. Music listening, anxiety levels, and sedative exposure did not influence time to initial weaning trial or duration of trials. Clinical factors of illness severity, days of weaning trials, and tracheostomy placement influenced weaning patterns in this sample.

Conclusions
Prospective studies of music intervention and other psychophysiological factors during weaning from mechanical ventilation are needed to better understand factors that promote successful weaning.
Observation of the two-way shape memory effect in an atomistic model of martensitic transformation
Authors: Jagla Eduardo 
Published: May 2017

We study a system of classical particles in two dimensions interacting through an isotropic pair potential that displays a martensitic phase transition between a triangular and a rhomboidal structure upon the change of a single parameter. Previously it was shown that this potential is able to reproduce the shape memory effect and super-elasticity, among other well known features of the phenomenology of martensites. Here we extend those previous studies and describe the development of the more subtle two-way shape memory effect. We show that in a poly-crystalline sample, the effect is mostly due to the existence of retained martensite within the austenite phase. We also study the case of a single crystal sample where the effect is associated to particular orientations of the dislocations, either induced by training or by an ad hoc construction of a starting sample. Received: 16 January 2017, Accepted: 23 March 2017; Edited by: L. Viña ; Reviewed by: J. Pons, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain; DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4279/PIP.090004 Cite as: E. A. Jagla, Papers in Physics 9, 090004 (2017) This paper, by E. A Jagla, is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 3.0.
Traceur as Bricoleur. Poaching public space through bricolent use of architecture and the body
Authors: Lamb Matthew D. 
Published: May 2017

<p>This paper emerged from many months of regular participation in the parkour community in Indianapolis, Indiana. First, this study looks at the art of parkour as a bricolent engagement with architecture. Acts of bricolage, a sort of artistic making-do with objects (including one’s body) in the environment, play with(in) the dominant order to “manipulate the mechanisms of discipline and conform to them only in order to evade them” (de Certeau, 1984: xiv). Second, this study investigates architecture’s participation in the production and maintenance of what de Certeau calls, “operational logic” (p. xi). That is, how architecture acts as a communicative mode of space; one, which conveys rationalized or acceptable ways of being in space. This critical ethnography, then, takes to task the investigation of how traceurs, the practitioners of parkour, uncover emancipatory potential in city space through bricolent use of both architecture and the body.</p>
Predicting Contaminated Water Removal From Residential Water Heaters Under Various Flushing Scenarios
Authors: Hawes Jason K. , Conkling Emily A. , Casteloes Karen S. , Brazeau Randi H. , Salehi Maryam , Whelton Andrew J. 
Published: May 2017

The goal of this study was to better understand how to design guidance to flush chemically contaminated residential water heaters. The specific objectives were to identify factors that influence fixture flow rates and water heater turnover and develop and test mass balance models for various sizes of residential water heaters on the basis of real‐world flow conditions. Flow monitoring was conducted for two residential buildings. Water pressure, aerators, and the number of fixtures running affected flow rates, which differed between hot and cold water systems.Heaters (19, 40, 50, and 80 gal) exhibited characteristics of both continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs) and plug‐flow reactors. The ideal CSTR model was overly conservative in predicting contaminant concentration exiting water heaters. A variable‐volume CSTR model more accurately predicted contaminant concentration for the heater types examined. Contaminated water characteristics (i.e., chemical volatility, toxicity) and potential exposures should be a primary consideration when choosing which procedures to implement.
Les enjeux de cybersécurité en Arabie saoudite
Authors: Le Barreau Lucie , Longeon Édouard 
Published: May 2017

Les enjeux de sécurité au Moyen-Orient sont protéiformes. Partant de la définition de Buzan et Waever, nous entendons démontrer que, face aux menaces portées par le milieu « cyber » contre la sécurité nationale, les États du Moyen-Orient trouvent des réponses conformes à leur identité stratégique traditionnelle. Le cas de l’Arabie saoudite est particulièrement intéressant dans la compréhension des logiques du sous-système régional du golfe Arabo-Persique quant à l’intégration de la variable « cyber » dans la démarche de sécurisation, du fait de sa posture stratégique dominante. Dès lors, deux questions se posent à l’égard de cette analyse : la première relève du volet strictement théorique et interroge la lecture culturaliste des stratégies mises en place devant la montée des enjeux de cybersécurité au Moyen-Orient. La seconde s’intéresse aux dynamiques du complexe régional et aux tensions systémiques procédant de la confrontation entre l’interdépendance des acteurs étatiques et leur recherche de sécurité nationale.
L’offshore balancing américain dans le golfe Persique
Authors: Samaan Jean-Loup 
Published: May 2017

Apparu au cours des années 1990 dans le débat universitaire américain, le concept d’offshore balancing a fait l’objet d’un regain d’intérêt durant la présidence Obama. Ce concept propose de maintenir la primauté internationale des États-Unis tout en gardant ces derniers à distance des conflits et des jeux de pouvoir locaux. Partant de ce postulat, nous vérifions la pertinence de cette théorie en étudiant son application au cas du golfe Persique, région dont le système de sécurité dépend grandement de l’activisme américain. Cette mise à l’épreuve empirique dévoile les nombreuses limites de l’approche quant aux aspects pratiques d’un désengagement des États-Unis de la région. En ce sens, si l’offshore balancing reste une approche séduisante à Washington, il demeure un concept superficiel sans réelle considération pour les dynamiques régionales.
La guerre du peuple : de la popularisation de la guerre contre Boko Haram au Cameroun
Authors: Elvic Batchom Paul 
Published: May 2017

Cet article met en lumière les retombées protéiformes d’une popularisation de la guerre qui semble transcender l’opposition consacrée entre les postures populaires de victime et la guerre du peuple en tant que guerre révolutionnaire. Il enrichit la sociologie de la guerre en rendant compte d’un « soutien spontané encadré » de la population à la guerre contre Boko Haram au Cameroun, en restituant les multiples potentiels de la guerre au gré des catégories d’acteurs. La guerre est ainsi un facteur d’intégration pour une nation, mais elle est également porteuse d’enjeux multiples pour les acteurs sociaux. Tel semble être le fondement d’une popularisation de la guerre contre Boko Haram au Cameroun depuis mai 2014.
Association Between Pain and Mindfulness in Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Senders Angela , Borgatti Alena , Hanes Douglas , Shinto Lynne 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background:
Chronic pain is a common symptom in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and often requires a multimodal approach to care. The practice of mindfulness has been shown to decrease the experience of pain in other conditions, yet little is known about the relationship between mindfulness and pain in people with MS. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between pain interference and trait mindfulness in people with MS.

Methods:
In this cross-sectional survey, 132 people with any type of MS completed the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Pain Interference scale and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Linear regression was used to test the association between pain and mindfulness while adjusting for demographic and MS-related characteristics.

Results:
The relationship between pain and mindfulness was clinically meaningful and highly significant (t = −5.52, P &lt; .0001). For every 18-point increase in mindfulness scores, pain interference scores are expected to decrease by 3.96 (95% CI, −2.52 to −5.40) points (β = −0.22, P &lt; .0001). The adjusted model, including age, type of MS, the interaction between mindfulness and age, and the interaction between mindfulness and MS type, explains 26% of the variability in pain interference scores (R2 = 0.26).

Conclusions:
These results suggest a clinically significant association between mindfulness and pain interference in MS and support further exploration of mindfulness-based interventions in the management of MS-related pain.
A Longitudinal Evaluation of Cognitive Fatigue on a Task of Sustained Attention in Early Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Berard Jason A. , Smith Andra M. , Walker Lisa A.S. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
Cognitive fatigue can be objectively measured on tasks of sustained attention and can be defined as decreased performance as a result of sustained cognitive effort. Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) early in their disease are vulnerable to cognitive fatigue, although this has yet to be evaluated longitudinally. We aimed to evaluate cognitive fatigue over a 3-year interval in individuals with early-phase relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS). The sensitivity of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) at detecting cognitive fatigue was evaluated, as was the impact of scoring method.

Methods:
32 people with MS and 32 controls completed the 3- and 2-second PASAT (PASAT-3″ and -2″) as a measure of sustained attention at baseline and 3-year follow-up.

Results:
Performance on the PASAT remained stable across time, with improvement noted on the PASAT-2″ likely due to practice and the small sample size. Cognitive fatigue was noted at both times, although sensitivity varied based on scoring method. No evidence of worsening cognitive fatigue was noted over time. The MS group performed worse only when cognitive fatigue was the outcome variable.

Conclusions:
Although individuals with MS continue to be vulnerable to cognitive fatigue at follow-up, severity does not seem to increase with time. Cognitive fatigue may be a more sensitive marker of cognitive impairment than overall task performance in those with early-phase RRMS, which has important implications given that clinically only task performance is typically assessed.