bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
KNEE VALGUS ANGLE AND LOADING ACROSS COMMON ATHLETIC TASKS; REFERENCE VALUES AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN A HEALTHY POPULATION
Authors: Alenezi Faisal , Herrington Lee , Jones Paul , Jones Richard 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAbnormal lower-limb mechanics during functional activities have been reported as being associated with several knee injuries. Hence it is important to develop screening tests to identify healthy individuals who may be susceptible to knee injury and then to design individual intervention programs.ObjectiveTo established reference values for knee valgus angle and moment during single leg squat (SLS), single leg landing (SLL), running (RUN), and cutting (CUT) tasks. Moreover, assessing gender differences in knee biomechanics during these tasks.DesignAn observational study.SettingUndertaken in the human performance laboratory at the University of Salford.Participants90 healthy individuals, 55 males and 35 females, (age 25.2±5.1 years; height 1.6±7.38 m; and mass 67.6 ±10.93 kg) were recruited.Assessment of Risk FactorsQualisys motion analysis system (10 Cameras) connected to an AMTI force platform were used to collect knee biomechanical variables. Then, Visual 3D software (C-Motion, USA) was used to process all data.Main Outcome MeasurementsKnee valgus angles and moments during SLS, SLL, RUN and CUT tasks.ResultsKnee valgus angle values were: SLS (−1.5°±4.1), SLL (−4.2°±4.9), RUN (−5.2°±4.3), and CUT (−8.3°±6.1). Knee valgus moment values for SLS, SLL, RUN and CUT were (0.01±0.1; 0.49±0.3; 0.31±0.1; 1.2±0.6, Nm/kg), respectively. Females demonstrated significantly higher knee valgus angles across all tasks. Knee-valgus moments were significantly different between the genders during RUN and CUT tasks (p=0.007 and 0.001, respectively).DiscussionFinding reference values for knee valgus angles and loading during commonly assessed screening tasks in non-injured individuals may help to find ways of identifying at-risk individuals for non-contact knee injuries associated with misalignment, such ACL and PFPS. However, more research is required to discover the underlying causes of poor mechanics when performing these tasks, this would help in devising more efficient injury-prevention protocols.
ONE-YEAR FOLLOW-UP PROSPECTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF INJURY TYPES IN THE KOREA LADIES PROFESSIONAL GOLFERS, 2015 SEASON
Authors: Cho Young Jae , Na Young Moo , Jung Hee Seong , Lee Sae Yong 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThere are limited numbers of prospective epidemiological study regarding injuries of women professional golfers in Korea.ObjectiveTo analyse types of injury of women golf player in different tour levels (ie, Division I, II and III tour).DesignProspective epidemiological study.SettingThe Yonsei Institute of Sports Science and Exercise Medicine Injury Surveillance System (YISSEM ISS) questionnaire survey was used to collect epidemiological data of Korean Women professional golfer. Division I, II and III tour golfers were participated in this study.Patients (or Participants)A total of 388 professional golfers who participated in the 2015 KLPGA tour.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Injuries sustained as a professional golfer.Main Outcome MeasurementsMain outcomes related golf injuries were golfers' injury rate sustained during the year, time of injury, body part injured, type of injury. Frequency and Chi-square analysis was used to evaluate rate of golf-related injury.ResultsThe injury rate was greater in division I tour (79.4%) than II (68.1%) and III (72.1%) tour. The golfer were most likely to injured both in-season and preseason (51.4%) followed by solely in-season (44%), and solely preseason (4.6%). The most common injured body part was the wrist/forearm/elbow (I:23%, II:26%, III:27%), closely followed by the low back (I:22%, II:23%, III:23%), and shoulder/upper arm (I:21%, II:19%, III:21%). The type of the most common injury was the tendinitis or inflammation (I:35%, II:37%, III:37%), followed by the ligament sprain (I:22%, II:21%, III:23%), and muscle-tendon strain (I:19%, II:19%, III:14%).ConclusionsThe injuries in golf are most likely sustained in the wrist/forearm/elbow and low back region during swing. Injury types of KLPGA golfer were not significantly associated with tour levels. Analysis of golf injury during multiple years may provide better information to prevent injury.
CONCUSSION IN RUGBY UNION: IMPROVED REPORTING, A MORE CONSERVATIVE APPROACH OR AN INCREASED RISK?
Authors: Cross Matthew , Trewartha Grant , Kemp Simon , Fuller Colin , Taylor Aileen , West Stephen , Stokes Keith 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundEpidemiology studies from 2002 to 2011 reported a stable concussion incidence in professional Rugby Union. From 2011, multiple player welfare initiatives have been introduced to increase the awareness, identification and management of concussion.ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence of reported concussion and players' time to return to play following match concussions in professional Rugby Union.DesignIn a five-season (2011–2016) prospective cohort study, match concussions and the time taken for players to return to play were recorded. The seasonal incidences of concussion were calculated alongside all injury incidence and contact injury incidence (both excluding concussion) and mean player body mass and height.SettingEnglish Premiership Professional Rugby Union.Participants788 players.Independent VariablesPlayer match exposure (hours).Main Outcome MeasurementMatch injury incidence (concussion and all injuries) was calculated as injuries/1000 player-hours with 95% confidence intervals (CI).ResultsMean incidence of time-loss match concussions over the period was 10.4 (95% CI: 9.4–11.5). The incidence increased year-on-year: 2011–12, 5.1 (95% CI: 3.8–6.9); 2012–13, 6.7 (95% CI: 5.1–8.7); 2013–14, 10.5 (95% CI: 8.5–13.0); 2014–15, 13.4 (95% CI: 11.1–16.2); 2015–16, 15.9 (95% CI 13.2–19.1). This rise occurred in the absence of any significant change in the incidence of all time-loss injuries, contact time-loss injuries and player size.ConclusionsSince 2011, the reported incidence of concussion in professional Rugby Union has risen season-by-season, highlighting the need for a focused injury prevention strategy. It is not possible to separate the effect of an improvement in reporting practice from an inherent increased risk of concussion, but the stable incidence of other time-loss injuries and player size over the same period suggests that changes in reporting behaviour, a lowering of the diagnostic threshold and increased awareness have all had a major influence on the reporting of concussion in recent years.
ECG OF INDIAN ATHLETES–ESC VS SEATTLE CRITERIA
Authors: Dande Jahnavi , Mallick Anirban 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe European Society of Cardiology (ESC) released recommendations in 2010 for the interpretation of 12 lead electrocardiogram (ECG) in athletes. In 2013, the ‘Seattle Criteria’ was published with the aim to improve sensitivity of ECG screening.ObjectiveTo compare the sensitivity of these two criteria for Indian athletes.DesignCross sectional ECG data of the female athletes was collected during preparticipation screening. Any athletes with known cardiovascular disease was excluded from the study.SettingECG was recorded during their entry in the national camp in 2014–15 at the National Institute of Sports. Written informed consent was obtained before the study.Patients (or Participants)The study population consisted of 63 elite female athletes (30 footballers and 33 from athletics) with mean age, height, weight, BMI of 22.71 (SD- 3.30) years, 157.38 (SD- 4.20) cm, 52.29 (SD- 3.87) kg, 21.77 (SD- 1.67) kg/m2respectively along with mean training age of 9.79 (SD- 3.08) years. None of them was having any known cardiovascular disorder.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The standard 12 lead ECG (RMS vesta 302i) was collected by a physician.Main Outcome MeasurementsAll ECGs had been evaluated and compared as per ESC and Seattle criteria by single investigator.Results12 (19%) [7(11.1%) with long QT syndrome and 5 (7.9%) with T wave inversion] and 3 (4.8%) [T wave inversion] athletes had abnormal ECG according to ESC and Seattle criteria respectively. Only one (1.5%) among them was detected cardiomyopathy by further investigations. The reduction was due to reclassification of 7 (11.1%) athletes with a redefined QTc interval, 2 (3.1%) with T wave inversion isolated to V1–2.ConclusionsUsing Seattle criteria for the athletes of Indian origin, the false positive ECG has been reduced from 17.5% to 3.3% but still the same athlete with cardiac abnormality can be identified.
CHANGES IN TORQUE-ANGLE PROFILES OF THE HAMSTRINGS AND HAMSTRINGS-TO-QUADRICEPS RATIO FOLLOWING TWO HAMSTRINGS STRENGTHENING EXERCISE INTERVENTIONS IN FEMALE HOCKEY PLAYERS
Authors: Delextrat Anne , Bateman James , Jos Vanrenterghem , Daniel Cohen 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundField hockey is characterised by high rates of hamstings strain injuries (HSI). While the Nordic Hamtrings (NH) is the most commonly used exercise in the prevention and rehabilitation of HSI, no study has investigated its isolated benefits compared to other well-established exercises in hockey players.ObjectiveTo compare the effects of two hamstring strengthening interventions (nordic hamstrings (NH)vs.eccentric leg curl (ELC)) on the hamstrings torque-angle profiles and functional hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio (Hecc:Qcon) in female hockey players.DesignA randomised-control trials with repeated measures was used.SettingsThe intervention for this study was used during practice sessions of university-level hockey players.ParticipantsFemale university-level players were randomly allocated to a NH (n=9, age: 19.7±1.4 years; height: 168.4±4.4 cm; body mass: 66.2±7.2 kg), ELC (n=8, age: 19.5±1.0 years; height: 168.1±3.4 cm; body mass: 66.7±4.5 kg), and C (n=8, age: 19.6±1.4 years; height: 169.9±7.5 cm; body mass: 70.7±13.0 kg) groups.Main Outcome MeasurementsIsokinetic concentric strength tests of the quadriceps (Qcon), eccentric strength of the hamstrings (Hecc) at 120°.s−1, and Hecc:Qcon.InterventionsSix-week intervention with ELC, NH or no (C) exercises performed three times weekly, before redoing the baseline strength assessments. Analyses of variance with repeated measures were used to assess the effects of angle, group and time on outcome measures.ResultsSignificant increases were observed in Heccand Hecc:Qconafter the NH (+29.9% and +27.8%) and ELC (+30.5% and +38.3%) in the non-dominant leg only. Furthermore, significant shifts in the hamstrings eccentric APT towards a longer muscle length were shown in both legs (14.3 to 28.6%).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that NH and ELC both resulted in significant improvements in peak and muscle length specific neuromuscular risk factors in the weaker limb, thereby reducing interlimb peak strength asymmetries.
RISK FACTORS FOR OVERUSE SHOULDER INJURIES AMONG 329 ELITE HANDBALL PLAYERS: A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Andersson Stig H. , Bahr Roald , Clarsen Ben , Myklebust Grethe 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundShoulder injuries are common among handball players and are dominated by overuse characteristics.ObjectiveAssess the effect of three previously identified risk factors for shoulder problems (reduced glenohumeral rotation, external rotation weakness and scapula dyskinesis).DesignProspective cohort.SettingTwenty-three handball teams (12 male; 11 female) from the two upper divisions in Norway followed for one competitive season (7 months).ParticipantsOf 333 players with a team contract, 329 (age 17–47) entered the study (168 male; 161 female); 39 of these dropped out (21 male; 18 female).Assessment of Risk FactorsPrior to the 2014–2015 season we assessed glenohumeral internal and external rotation range of motion, isometric internal and external rotation, as well as scapular dyskinesis.Main Outcome MeasurementsPrevalence and severity of shoulder problems registered monthly using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire. We used the average severity score for each player as the outcome measure in a multivariable logistic regression model to investigate associations between candidate risk factors and shoulder injury.ResultsThe average season prevalence of shoulder problems was 20% (95% CI 15% to 26%) among men and 26% (95% CI 26% to 27%) among women; the average prevalence of substantial problems was 7% (95% CI 6% to 7%) and 9% (95% CI 8% to 11%) among men and women, respectively. Significant associations were found between internal rotation motion (OR 1.16 per 5° change, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34) and isometric external:internal rotation strength ratio <80% (OR 3.17, 95% CI 1.01 to 9) and shoulder injury. Scapula dyskinesis was not associated with shoulder injury (OR 1.36, 95% CI 0.41 to 4.50).ConclusionsThis study confirms that external rotation weakness is associated with shoulder injury and should be incorporated in injury prevention programmes, while exercises targeting internal rotation motion and scapula dyskinesis should be excluded.
HAMSTRING MUSCLE INJURY IS THE FIRST INJURY DIAGNOSIS DURING MAJOR ATHLETICS CHAMPIONSHIPS
Authors: Edouard Pascal , Branco Pedro , Alonso Juan-Manue 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundDuring top-level international athletics championships, thigh muscle tear (hamstring muscle tear in particular) was the most commonly reported injury diagnosis. However, there has been no detailed characterisation of hamstring muscle injuries at this top level of athletics, which represent the main challenge for athletes and their stakeholders.ObjectiveTo analyse the incidence and characteristics of hamstring muscle injuries (hamstring injuries) occurring during top-level international athletics championships.DesignProspective study.Setting9 international athletics championships from 2007 to 2015; Elite athletics level.ParticipantsA total of 8212 registered athletes.Main Outcome MeasurementsPrevalence and incidences of hamstring injuries in male and female athletes.ResultsHamstring injury frequencies were significantly higher in male (19.3%) than female (13.5%) athletes (Chi2=6.1; p=0.01). Hamstring injuries represented 39.8% of all muscle injuries and 74.6% of all thigh muscle injuries, without any differences in the distribution between male and female athletes. The rate of hamstring injuries per 1000 registered athletes was significantly higher in male (22.4±3.4) than in female (11.5±2.6) athletes (relative risk (RR)=1.94; 95% CI: 1.42–2.66, moderate effect size). Overuse with sudden onset was the main cause of hamstring injuries, followed by non-contact trauma. Hamstring injury incidences were higher in combined events, sprints, and hurdles than in other events for male athletes, and in combined events, sprints and hurdles than in other events for female athletes.ConclusionsDuring 9 top-level international Athletics championships, hamstring injury was the most common injury diagnosis (19.3% in male and 13.5% female athletes), with a two fold higher risk in males than females. Athletes in explosive-power events and male athletes seem to be more at risk of hamstring muscle injuries. Injury prevention strategies should be sex-specific including screening of athletes at risk, particular attention to athletes at risk and to small signs, and adapted physical and strengthening conditioning.
PRESENCE OF ABNORMAL FINDINGS WITHIN SPORTS PRE-PARTICIPATION CARDIOVASCULAR SCREENING
Authors: Freitas João , Andrade Renato , Pereira Rogério , Leal Ana , Saavedra Cátia , Pais Nuno , Marques Diana , Lopes Isabel , Loureiro Nuno , Maia Paulo , Costa Ovídio , Espregueira-Mendes João 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundSports pre-participation cardiovascular screening remains a challenging topic, without consensus amongst the scientific community. Sports pre-participation cardiovascular screening with electrocardiogram (ECG) is not systematically included in the United States of America. However, in some European countries both ECG and echocardiogram are requested. These asymmetric proceedings are related with the ongoing discussion on health-related benefits effectiveness and costs.ObjectiveDefine the proportion of cardiovascular screening exams which require complementary cardiovascular exams in addition to the routine electrocardiogram performed by the athletes. Moreover, it was intended to analyze the influence of the complementary cardiovascular exams results' in the decision making for medical clearance.DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingNonprofessional to elite athletes.Patients (or Participants)Between 2014 and 2015, a total of 862 athletes performed sports pre-participation cardiovascular screening.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)All the athletes underwent a cardiovascular screening, including medical history, physical examination and 12-lead electrocardiogram. In case of cardiovascular diseases suspicion, complementary cardiovascular exams (echocardiogram and cardiac stress test) were solicited.Main Outcome MeasurementsAs main outcomes were considered the need for complementary cardiovascular exams according the Seattle criteria (%), presence of abnormalities in these complementary cardiovascular exams (%) and decision for medical clearance (%).ResultsFrom the 862 athletes, 54 (6%) required complementary cardiovascular exams, of which 8 (0.9%) showed abnormal cardiovascular findings. Three athletes (0.3%) did not get medical clearance to participate in sports.ConclusionsThe sports pre-participation cardiovascular screening with ECG required complementary cardiovascular exams in 6% of the cases and 0.3% were not cleared to participate in sports. The decision was based in the most up-to-date knowledge of life threatening cardiac clinical conditions and supports a life-preventive measure to 3 young persons over an approximate cost of 12000€.
ORAL HEALTH OF UK ATHLETES AND IMPACT ON PERFORMANCE
Authors: Gallagher Julie 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPrevious research indicates that poor oral health is common in elite athletes and is associated with negative self-reported impacts on wellbeing, training and performance. However the strength of evidence is limited.ObjectiveWe aimed to conduct a methodologically robust study of oral health, the determinants of oral health and associated self-reported impacts across different sports using a trained and calibrated examiner and validated outcome measures.DesignCross-sectional observational clinical and questionnaire study of representative samples of elite (Olympic and professional) athletes.SettingAthlete medical and training facilities.Participants300 UK athletes aged 18 years and over, on podium placement/potential programmes or participating as professional athletes.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)We measured dental caries, erosion, periodontal health, wisdom teeth infections, self-reported oro-facial trauma, oral health preventive and risk behaviours and potential for behaviour change.Main Outcome MeasurementsWe used validated clinical indices for caries, erosion and periodontal health. Self-reported impact on athlete performance was measured using a modification of the OSTRC overuse injury questionnaire.ResultsOne third (33%) of athletes had caries into dentine and 35% had erosion with dentine exposed in at least one tooth. One quarter (24%) had chronic inflammatory periodontitis, however only 6% reported oro-facial trauma related to their sport. Many athletes (49%-83%) reported consumption of sports drinks, bars and gels during training and competition. Most (96%) athletes reported good oral hygiene habits. One third (34%) reported a negative impact on performance.ConclusionsUK elite athletes have significant levels of oral disease with one third reporting a negative impact. Despite most athletes reporting beneficial oral health behaviours, additional health promotion and preventive measures are required to mitigate risk factors and reduce self-reported performance impacts.
MAN-MADE JUMPS IN TERRAIN-PARKS AND THE RISK OF SEVERE SKI-PATROL REPORTED INJURIES IN ALPINE SKIERS AND SNOWBOARDERS
Authors: Goulet Claude , Hamel Denis , Tremblay Benoit , Audet Olivier , Hagel Brent E. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTwo ski areas in Québec, Canada, removed man-made jumps from their terrain parks (TPs) from seasons 2007–08 to 2009–10. Jumps were reintroduced starting in season 2010–11.ObjectiveTo determine if man-made jumps in TPs are associated with severe alpine ski and snowboard injuries.DesignRetrospective study using ski-patrol Injury Report Forms (IRFs).SettingAll ski areas with a TP in Québec.Patients (or Participants)Skiers and snowboarders who reported to the ski patrol with a TP injury during seasons 2000–01 to 2014–15, at all Québec ski areas with TP (two where jumps were removed, and others without jump removal).Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Risk factor data and injury outcomes were collected through IRFs.Main Outcome MeasurementsSevere injuries were defined based on type of injury or ambulance evacuation. The proportions of severe injuries before jump removal (2000–01 to 2006–07) and during jump reintroduction (2010–11 to 2014–15) were compared with proportions during jump removal (2007–08 to 2009–10). Logistic regression analysis was used to adjust the comparisons for age, sex, skill level, helmet use, and type of activity. Generalized Estimating Equations were used to account for potential ski area clustering of outcomes.ResultsAt the hills that removed jumps (4,006 IRFs analysed), the crude proportion of severe TP injuries was 19.3% before removal, 14.5% during removal, and 24.3% at reintroduction. The odds of severe injury were higher before removal (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.03–1.87) and during reintroduction (AOR: 1.90; 95% CI: 1.52–2.37). At other hills over the same time period (21,449 IRFs), there was no change before (23.7%) and during (22.0%) jump removal (AOR: 1.07; 95% CI: 0.94–1.21), but the proportion of severe injuries increased after reintroduction (26.4%; AOR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10–1.43).ConclusionsResults suggest that removing man-made jumps from TPs may prevent severe injuries.
Autocorrelation of the Modified Binary Two-Prime Sidelnikov Sequence
Authors: Ke Pinhui , Ye Zhifan , Zhou Zhengchun , Shen Jian 
Published: August 2017

Two-prime Sidelnikov sequence introduced by Brandstätter et al. in 2010 was shown to enjoy nice pseudorandom properties. It was shown to be balanced only in the case [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are twin primes or [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are cousin primes with [Formula: see text]. In the case [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are two distinct primes, a modification of the binary two-prime Sidelnikov sequence is proposed in this paper. We show that the new defined sequence is always balanced. And we also study the autocorrelation of the new defined sequence showing that it possesses nice autocorrelation feature.