bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equine faecal microbiota transplant: Current knowledge, proposed guidelines and future directions
Authors: Mullen K. R. , Yasuda K. , Divers T. J. , Weese J. S. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryWhile certainly not a novel concept, faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) has recently garnered renewed interest in veterinary medicine due to its remarkable success in treating recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in man. There is a dearth of information on indications and efficacy of FMT for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in the horse; however, based on evidence in man and other veterinary species, and anecdotal reports in horses, FMT may be a useful treatment for selected cases of acute and chronic diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the horse. In the absence of evidence, expert opinion is offered on case selection and FMT procedure. More research is needed to explore the efficacy, indications and optimal preparation, storage and delivery of FMT to horses.
Fatigue strength of self‐piercing riveted joints in lap‐shear specimens of aluminium and steel sheets
Authors: Chung C.‐S. , Kim H.‐K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe self‐piercing riveting (SPR) process is gaining popularity because of its many advantages. This study investigated the fatigue strength of SPR joints in tensile‐shear specimens with dissimilar Al‐5052 and steel sheets. A structural analysis of the specimen was conducted. For this specimen, the upper steel sheet withstood applied load in a monotonic test and played a major role in the low‐cycle region. In the high‐cycle region, however, the harder surface of the upper steel sheet reduced the fatigue strength by enhancing fretting crack initiation on the opposite softer aluminium surface. Therefore, the fatigue endurance of the specimen was reduced. The fatigue endurance of a SPR joint with the combination of steel and aluminium sheets was found to be governed by the strength of the lower sheet, which is more vulnerable to the applied loading. Thus, it is desirable to use a stronger metal sheet as the lower sheet with regard to the fatigue performance. Scanning acoustic microscopy was effectively used to reveal and prove the formation and growth of subsurface cracks in SPR joints. The structural stress can predict the fatigue lifetimes of the SPR joint specimens within a factor of three.
Towards protecting the Great Barrier Reef from land‐based pollution
Authors: Kroon Frederieke J. , Thorburn Peter , Schaffelke Britta , Whitten Stuart 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is an iconic coral reef system extending over 2000 km along the north‐east coast of Australia. Global recognition of its Outstanding Universal Value resulted in the listing of the 348 000 km2 GBR World Heritage Area (WHA) by UNESCO in 1981. Despite various levels of national and international protection, the condition of GBR ecosystems has deteriorated over the past decades, with land‐based pollution from the adjacent catchments being a major and ongoing cause for this decline. To reduce land‐based pollution, the Australian and Queensland Governments have implemented a range of policy initiatives since 2003. Here, we evaluate the effectiveness of existing initiatives to reduce discharge of land‐based pollutants into the waters of the GBR. We conclude that recent efforts in the GBR catchments to reduce land‐based pollution are unlikely to be sufficient to protect the GBR ecosystems from declining water quality within the aspired time frames. To support management decisions for desired ecological outcomes for the GBR WHA, we identify potential improvements to current policies and incentives, as well as potential changes to current agricultural land use, based on overseas experiences and Australia's unique potential. The experience in the GBR may provide useful guidance for the management of other marine ecosystems, as reducing land‐based pollution by better managing agricultural sources is a challenge for coastal communities around the world.
Dialysate‐induced hypocalcemia presenting as acute intradialytic hypotension: A case report, safety review, and recommendations
Authors: Thurlow John S. , Yuan Christina M. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractIntradialytic hypotension is the most common complication associated with hemodialysis. We describe a case of severe intradialytic hypotension during routine chronic dialysis, the presenting symptom of hypocalcemia due to a procedural error involving a zero calcium liquid acid dialysate concentrate. Although human factors were the root cause of this event, we discuss physical and procedural controls that may help to minimize the risk of human error. Citrate anticoagulation for renal replacement therapy is increasingly used, particularly in acute kidney injury. Thus, zero calcium liquid acid dialysate is more likely to be stocked by dialysis units that serve both inpatients and outpatients. Providers in such units must maintain the utmost vigilance for human error involving these concentrates, as it is likely that the reported literature does not accurately reflect the frequency of such adverse events occurring during dialysis. Structured and universal reporting of errors to allow systematic analysis of hemodialysis device related hazards would allow identification of engineering controls that could prevent such potentially catastrophic clinical errors.
Why do pregnant women participate in research? A patient participation investigation using Q‐Methodology
Authors: Meshaka Riwa , Jeffares Stephen , Sadrudin Farah , Huisman Nicole , Saravanan Ponnusamy 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatient participation in study design is paramount to design studies that are acceptable to patients. Despite an increase in research involving pregnant women, relatively little is known about the motivational factors that govern their decision to be involved in a clinical trial, compared to other patient groups.ObjectiveTo better understand the viewpoints of pregnant women who take part in clinical trials.MethodWe chose to use Q‐Methodology, a method of exploring the structure of opinions surrounding a topic. We developed a set of 40 statements that encompassed the reasons why pregnant women might want to take part in research and 30 research participants from the PRiDE study (an observational trial investigating the role of micronutrients in gestational diabetes) were asked to rank them in order of agreement. The finished matrices from each participant were compared and analysed to produce capturing viewpoints.ResultsAbout 30 women aged 19–40 involved in the PRiDE study completed the questionnaire. There were two overarching motivators that emerged: a willingness to help medical research and improve our knowledge of medical science, and having a personal connection to the disease, therefore a potential fear of being affected by it. A third, less significant viewpoint, was that of a lack of inconvenience being a motivating factor.Conclusion and discussionUnderstanding what motivates pregnant women to decide to take part in a research study is valuable and helps researchers maximize their uptake and retention rates when designing a trial involving pregnant women.
‘Who is on your health‐care team?’ Asking individuals with heart failure about care team membership and roles
Authors: LaDonna Kori A. , Bates Joanna , Tait Glendon R. , McDougall Allan , Schulz Valerie , Lingard Lorelei ,   the Heart Failure/Palliative Care Teamwork Research Group
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundComplex, chronically ill patients require interprofessional teams to address their multiple health needs; heart failure (HF) is an iconic example of this growing problem. While patients are the common denominator in interprofessional care teams, patients have not explicitly informed our understanding of team composition and function. Their perspectives are crucial for improving quality, patient‐centred care.ObjectivesTo explore how individuals with HF conceptualize their care team, and perceive team members' roles.Setting and ParticipantsIndividuals with advanced HF were recruited from five cities in three Canadian provinces.DesignIndividuals were asked to identify their HF care team during semi‐structured interviews. Team members' titles and roles, quotes pertaining to team composition and function, and frailty criteria were extracted and analysed using descriptive statistics and content analysis.ResultsA total of 62 individuals with HF identified 2–19 team members. Caregivers, nurses, family physicians and cardiologists were frequently identified; teams also included dentists, foot care specialists, drivers, housekeepers and spiritual advisors. Most individuals met frailty criteria and described participating in self‐management.DiscussionIndividuals with HF perceived being active participants, not passive recipients, of care. They identified teams that were larger and more diverse than traditional biomedical conceptualizations. However, the nature and importance of team members' roles varied according to needs, relationships and context. Patients' degree of agency was negotiated within this context, causing multiple, sometimes conflicting, responses.ConclusionIgnoring the patient's role on the care team may contribute to fragmented care. However, understanding the team through the patient's lens – and collaborating meaningfully among identified team members – may improve health‐care delivery.
Motor nerve conduction velocity is affected in segmental vitiligo lesional limbs
Authors: Zhou Jun , Zhong Zhenyu , Li Jian , Fu Wenwen 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTo evaluate the effects of segmental vitiligo (SV) on nerve conduction velocity (NCV) in different nerves, we compared the patient's lesional side of their body to the contralateral normal side. The 106 participants were selected from outpatients visiting the dermatological clinics of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, from November 2011 to March 2014. NCVs were measured on the limbs and the face, including both motor and sensory nerves. The parameters for NCVs included motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) and its distal conduction latency, sensory nerve conduction velocity, sensory nerve action potentials amplitude, and compound muscle action potential amplitude. MCV on the limbs was compromised by SV state, which was significantly slower on the lesional side of the body compared with the normal contralateral side (P = 0.006). Furthermore, SV at the stable stage significantly impaired MCV compared with the SV at progressive stage. There was no significant difference in the other parameters of NCV between lesional and normal sides of the body. Compound muscle action potentials in the face did not differ between lesional and healthy sides. Motor nerves in the limbs were compromised by SV, particularly when the disease was at the stable stage.
The healthy weight research network: a research agenda to promote healthy weight among youth with autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities
Authors: Curtin C. , Must A. , Phillips S. , Bandini L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe Healthy Weight Research Network (HWRN) for children with autism and developmental disabilities is an interdisciplinary network with national representation. This paper discusses the modified Delphi procedure that was used to develop the HWRN's research agenda to address the problem of obesity in children with autism and developmental disabilities. The five research areas identified for priority included: (i) family practices around food/mealtimes; (ii) physical activity and sedentary behaviours in relation to weight; (iii) relationship between food patterns, behaviour and weight gain; (iv) programme‐adaption and delivery; and (v) influence of school and community‐based organizations on food intake and physical activity. The goals and agenda of the HWRN hold promise for making progress toward the prevention and successful treatment of obesity in this population.
Actual and perceived weight status and its association with slimming and energy‐balance related behaviours in 10‐ to 12‐year‐old European children: the ENERGY‐project
Authors: Altenburg T. M. , Singh A. S. , Te Velde S. , De Bourdeaudhuij I. , Lien N. , Bere E. , Molnár D. , Jan N. , Fernández‐Alvira J. M. , Manios Y. , Bringolf‐Isler B. , Brug J. , Chinapaw M. J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundBoth parents' and children's perception of children's weight status may be important predictors of slimming and energy‐balance related behaviours, independent of children's actual weight status.ObjectivesWe examined the cross‐sectional association of children's self‐reported slimming and energy‐balance related behaviours with children's (i) actual, (ii) self‐perceived and (iii) parent‐perceived weight status.MethodsData of 10‐ to 12‐year‐old European children and their parents were used. Multilevel logistic and linear regression analyses were performed, adjusting for age, gender, parental weight controlling behaviours, education, marital status and ethnicity.ResultsIndependent of their actual weight status, a higher proportion of children reported slimming when they or their parents perceived them as too fat. Children's self‐perceived weight status was more strongly associated with slimming than their parents' perception or their actual weight status. Moreover, children who perceive themselves as overweight reported less physical activity and more screen time. Children whose parents perceive them as overweight reported less physical activity.ConclusionsChildren's own perception of their weight status appears to be more important for their self‐reported slimming than their actual or their parent's perceptions of their weight status. Additionally, children's self‐perceived weight status seems important in engaging more physical activity and reduces screen time.
Crawling Experience Predicts Avoidance of Real Cliffs and Water Cliffs: Insights from a New Paradigm
Authors: Burnay Carolina , Cordovil Rita 
Published: February 2016

This study examined the influence of age, crawling‐onset age, and crawling experience on infants’ adaptive behavior in situations that can lead to dangerous falls. Thirty‐one infants with variable amounts of crawling experience were tested in a new paradigm that used a real cliff and a water cliff, with a harness system to guarantee safety. Consistent with previous findings obtained in studies with real and visual cliffs, infants with more crawling experience were more likely to avoid the real cliff. More importantly, greater crawling experience was associated with a greater likelihood of avoiding the water cliff. The new paradigm offers exciting opportunities to study the development of adaptive behavior in risky environments.
Joint Epistemic Action: Some Applications
Authors: Miller Seumas 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe notion of a joint action is a familiar one in the philosophical literature. Moreover, the notion of epistemic action has recently been discussed in the literature. Elsewhere I have suggested that these two notions can be brought together to yield the notion of joint epistemic action and provided a relational individualist analysis of joint epistemic actions. In this article I extend this analysis and show how this extended analysis applies to different kinds of important epistemic institutional phenomena: (1) voting in a democracy; (2) financial benchmarks, e.g. LIBOR (the London interbank offered (interest) rate) and; (3) profiling using computer databases. Each of these institutional mechanisms is important in its own right. Moreover, each is a species of a more widespread generic social form that I refer to as joint institutional mechanisms which, I suggest, are ubiquitous yet somewhat diverse in character. Accordingly, there is a need to distinguish them from the more basic phenomenon of joint action but also to taxonomise them. The latter is a large task to which this article is a first step.
Time best explains global variation in species richness of amphibians, birds and mammals
Authors: Marin Julie , Hedges S. Blair 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe general pattern of higher species richness in tropical areas has been long recognized but the underlying cause is still debated. Two major hypotheses have emerged in recent years. The Rate Hypothesis attributes this pattern to a high rate of diversification, whereas the Time Hypothesis attributes it to greater lineage age. Here, we revisited these two hypotheses with global data sets of amphibians, birds and mammals.LocationGlobal.MethodsTo test these hypotheses we evaluated the relationship between crown age and species richness, and between diversification rate and species richness within biogeographical regions. We also compared diversification rates of tropical and temperate clades, and assessed the usefulness of two phylometrics, evolutionary distinctiveness (ED) and evolutionary rate (ER), as proxies of age and diversification rate. Finally, we used those phylometrics in a grid cell approach to explore the spatial distribution of clade age and diversification rate.ResultsWe found species richness of these tetrapods is best described by time (age of lineages) and that diversification rates are not significantly different between tropical and temperate areas. In addition to time, we found that historical biogeography, in some cases, has an influence on species richness patterns. In turn, this suggests that the latitudinal diversity gradient is a result of the gradient in climatic stability, with younger assemblages (hence, fewer species) occupying higher latitudes.Main conclusionOur results indicate that time, and not rate of diversification, best describes species richness patterns of amphibians, birds and mammals, and that this pattern is a ‘climate effect’ ultimately deriving from the latitudinal gradient in climatic stability.
MiR‐134‐Mbd3 axis regulates the induction of pluripotency
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zheng Yongchao , Sun Yuanqing , Zhang Ying , yan Jia , Chen Zhifeng , Jiang Hong 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post‐transcriptional modulators of gene expression and play an important role in reprogramming process; however, relatively little is known about the underlying regulatory mechanism of miRNAs on how they epigenetically modulate reprogramming and pluripotency. Here, we report that the expression level of microRNA‐134 (miR‐134) was low in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) but significantly up‐regulated during neural differentiation, while down‐regulated during the induction of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from neural progenitor cells (NPCs). Inhibition of miR‐134 by miR‐134 sponge promoted the efficiency of reprogramming which also was highly similar to mESCs. On the contrary, up‐regulation of miR‐134 repressed iPSCs induction. We also found that inhibition of miR‐134 promoted the maturation of pre‐iPSCs and increased its pluripotency. We also showed that miR‐134 can directly target to the pluripotency related factor Methyl‐CpG‐binding domain protein 3 (Mdb3) 3′ untranslated regions (3′ UTR) to down‐regulate its expression. And Mbd3 was found to promote the induction of iPSCs and could block the repression of reprogramming caused by overexpression of miR‐134. This work revealed the critical function of miR‐134‐Mbd3 axis on regulating reprogramming and pluripotency of iPSCs derived from the NPCs, and might provide an insight into the miR‐134‐Mbd3 axis on regulating the iPSCs quality for further clinical treatment.
Pilot Study of Physiologic Partograph Use Among Low‐Risk, Nulliparous Women With Spontaneous Labor Onset
Authors: Neal Jeremy L. , Lowe Nancy K. , Nacht Amy S. , Koschoreck Kate , Anderson Jessica 
Published: February 2016

IntroductionNeal and Lowe developed a physiologic partograph to give clinicians an evidence‐based, uniform approach to assessing active labor progress and diagnosing dystocia in high‐resource settings. The aim of this pilot study was to examine the feasibility of implementing the Neal and Lowe partograph for in‐hospital labor assessment.MethodsA descriptive study of low‐risk, nulliparous women with spontaneous labor onset was performed at an academic medical center. Eight certified nurse‐midwives from a single practice used the Neal and Lowe partograph for the assessment of labor progress. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize characteristics, interventions, and outcomes for women with partograph‐assessed labors. Labors assessed by nurse‐midwives (n = 83) or obstetricians (n = 75) using their usual assessment strategies were also described for the year prior to partograph introduction to contextualize partograph‐assessed labor findings. Inferential statistical tests were not performed.ResultsThirty‐one of 34 (91.2%) partographs were used correctly. Seventy‐one percent (n = 22) of these women progressed to complete dilatation within expected physiologic time frames while the remaining women (n = 9) experienced labor dystocia. Similar proportions of women in the partograph and usual labor assessment groups received oxytocin during labor. The cesarean rate was lower in the partograph group than in the usual care groups. No cesareans were performed for dystocia in active labor for women whose labors were assessed via partograph.DiscussionImplementation of the Neal and Lowe partograph for in‐hospital labor assessment is feasible. Incorrect plotting and/or interpretation of the partograph may be further minimized by providing clinicians opportunities for ongoing partograph training after implementation or through partograph software development. The Neal and Lowe partograph may assist clinicians in safely and significantly decreasing primary cesarean births performed for active labor dystocia in high‐resource settings. Larger scale, hypothesis‐testing studies of partograph implementation are now warranted.
Working with local nurses to promote hospital‐nursing care during humanitarian assignments overseas: experiences from the perspectives of nurses
Authors: Tjoflåt Ingrid , Karlsen Bjørg , Sætre Hansen Britt 
Published: February 2016

Aims and objectivesTo describe how Norwegian expatriate nurses engaged in humanitarian assignments overseas experience working with the local nurses promoting nursing care in the hospital ward.BackgroundWestern countries have a long tradition of providing nurses with expert knowledge in nursing care for humanitarian projects and international work overseas. Studies from humanitarian mission revealed that health workers rarely acknowledge or use the local knowledge. However, there is a lack of studies highlighting expatriate nurses’ experiences working with local nurses to promote nursing care in the hospital ward.DesignThis study applies a descriptive explorative qualitative design.MethodsThe data were collected in 2013 by means of seven semi‐structured interviews and analysed using qualitative content analysis.FindingsThe data analyses revealed three themes related to the expatriate nurses’ experiences of working with the local nurses to promote nursing care in the hospital ward: (1) Breaking the code, (2) Colliding worlds and (3) Challenges in sharing knowledge. The findings reflect different challenges when working with the local nurses.ConclusionFindings indicate valuable knowledge gained about local nursing care and the local health and educational system. They also demonstrate challenges for the expatriate nurses related to the local nursing standard in the wards and using the local nurses’ experiences and knowledge when working together.Relevance to clinical practiceThe findings can inform nurses, humanitarian organisations and institutions working overseas regarding the recruitment and the preparation of nurses who want to work cross‐ culturally or in humanitarian missions overseas.