bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How long is enough: CO2‐H2O equilibration for δ18O analysis in saline formation waters?
Authors: Lu Feng H. 
Published: June 2016

RationaleThe equilibration of H2‐H2O and CO2‐H2O is a commonly used method for δ2H and δ18O analyses in water. Problems with these analyses of formation water include the presence of petroleum contaminants and the slow exchange of oxygen isotopes between CO2 gas and the saline waters collected from petroleum exploration and production wells. Therefore, it is crucial to understand whether isotopic equilibrium between water and CO2 has been reached, how long it takes, and how to deal with contaminants. This study investigates how long it takes to reach isotopic equilibrium between gas and hypersaline brine, and how to deal with petroleum‐contaminated formation water, in order to produce good quality δ2H and δ18O data.MethodsThe δ2H and δ18O values of six natural waters with a variety of salinities were determined by isotope ratio mass spectrometry after different periods of H2 and CO2 equilibration with the samples. Hydrocarbon and non‐hydrocarbon gases present in formation brines were pre‐treated prior to the H2‐ and CO2‐H2O interaction to minimize their interference with the isotope analyses.ResultsWater samples with different salinities required different times for the oxygen isotopes to reach equilibrium. Salinity does not affect the equilibration of H2 with saline brines. Hydrocarbon gases present in formation waters can interfere with the isotope analysis, but this can be minimized with pre‐analysis treatment.ConclusionsThe described procedures should be applied for stable hydrogen and oxygen isotope analyses in waters with high salinities and petroleum contaminants. In particular, waters collected from petroleum exploration and production wells, and from evaporative environments, should go through these procedures. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of HCl pretreatment, drying, and storage on the stable isotope ratios of soil and sediment samples
Authors: Kim Min‐Seob , Lee Won‐Seok , Suresh Kumar K. , Shin Kyung‐Hoon , Robarge Wayne , Kim Minseok , Lee Sang Ryong 
Published: June 2016

RationaleStable isotope (δ13C, δ15N, δ34S values) analysis has become increasingly important for tracing contaminant sources in environments. Pretreatment of environmental samples allows accurate analysis of stable isotope ratios. The pretreatment of a sample and its subsequent preservation could either contaminate or create experimental artifacts affecting the validity of the resulting C/N ratios and the elemental isotopic contents of a sample.MethodsThe effects of acid pretreatment (0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 13 M HCl) and exposure period (2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h) on the stable isotopic ratios of marine sediment (MS), river sediment (RS) and terrestrial soil (TS) samples were evaluated. The effects of storage temperatures (–80, –20 and 2°C), storage duration (1 week, 1 to 12 months) and washing steps (1, 2, 3, 5, 7 or 12 times) on the stable isotopic ratios were also considered. The %C, %N and %S, as well as the δ13C, δ15N, and δ34S values, of each sample were measured using continuous flow Elemental Analyzer/Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (EA/IRMS).ResultsThe HCl treatment was applicable for δ13C analysis. However, the acid concentration and duration of exposure that brought about total removal of carbonate for the three sample types varied; e.g. the TS sample required stronger acid and a shorter exposure time. Storage time also had an effect: the δ13C values were lower and the δ15N and δ34S values higher after storage for 300 days.ConclusionsHCl pretreatment effectively eliminates carbonates and thereby helps δ13C analysis of the organic fraction. HCl pretreatment is not recommended for δ15N and δ34S analysis. Freeze‐drying of samples is recommended rather than oven drying. A temperature‐dependent change in the isotopic ratios of long‐term stored samples was observed during this study; therefore, relatively short‐term storage (–80°C) of freeze‐dried samples is preferable. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Admittance Control for Robotic Loading: Design and Experiments with a 1‐Tonne Loader and a 14‐Tonne Load‐Haul‐Dump Machine
Authors: Dobson Andrew A. , Marshall Joshua A. , Larsson Johan 
Published: June 2016

This paper describes the design, tuning, and extensive field testing of an admittance‐based autonomous loading controller (ALC) for robotic excavation. Several iterations of the ALC were tuned and tested in fragmented rock piles—similar to those found in operating mines—by using both a robotic 1‐tonne capacity Kubota R520S diesel‐hydraulic surface loader and a 14‐tonne capacity Atlas Copco ST14 underground load‐haul‐dump (LHD) machine. On the R520S loader, the ALC increased payload by 18% with greater consistency, although with more energy expended and longer dig times when compared with digging at maximum actuator velocity. On the ST14 LHD, the ALC took 61% less time to load 39% more payload when compared to a single manual operator. The manual operator made 28 dig attempts by using three different digging strategies, and had one failed dig. The tuned ALC made 26 dig attempts at 10 and 11 MN target force levels. All 10 11 MN digs succeeded while 6 of the 16 10 MN digs failed. The results presented in this paper suggest that the admittance‐based ALC is more productive and consistent than manual operators, but that care should be taken when detecting entry into the rock pile.
Religion, Sustainable Development and Policy: Principles to Practice
Authors: Narayanan Yamini 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe nexus between religion and development is now well recognized in scholarship but the implications for development policies are relatively unexplored. The challenge with analysing religion as a policy construct is to ensure that its rich anthropological dimensions are not lost, but rather that these inform the conception and implementation of development planning, especially in diverse, multireligious societies. The aim of this special issue is to unpack the complex anthropological, sociological and even theological dimensions of religion that can enable development policymakers to identify the ways in which religion shapes the society, the environment and the economy. Therein also lie the opportunities to articulate policies that are truly responsive to serious structural issues of inequalities and oppressions. The authors address five foci that are central to sustainable development policymaking – urbanization and spatial equality; gender justice; environment and human/animal tensions; economic growth; and postsecularity and governance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Religion and Sustainable Urban Planning: ‘If you can't count it, or won't count it, it doesn't count’
Authors: Greed Clara 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSustainability objectives are central to modern urban planning. Originally, sustainability had three components, environmental sustainability, economic well‐being and social equality: planet, prosperity and people. However, the environmental aspects of sustainability have tended to predominate. This leaves little space for social issues and aspatial (non‐physical) factors such as belief and religion. It is argued, with reference to UK‐related research, that religion has major spatial planning implications for all aspects and levels of urban policy. Neglecting religion's existence results in an incomplete planning agenda, undermining equality and diversity objectives. The implications of this gap are discussed with reference to the environmental, economic and social components of sustainability policy. There is little recognition of the contribution of religion to cities: rather, a negative mentality predominates amongst planners. Ways of changing the planners’ understanding and mainstreaming religion into planning are discussed, drawing on methods used to integrate gender into planning. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Sustainable Governance in a Postsecular Public Sphere: Re‐assessing the Role of Religion as a Cosmopolitan Policy Actor in a Diverse and Globalized Age
Authors: Baker Chris 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article nuances debates about the role and contribution of religion to sustainable forms of governance in respect of current policy and political debates. It lays out some of the definitional terms of reference around governance and sustainable development. It then locates these debates within a series of wider, interdisciplinary frameworks (primarily political philosophy, sociology, political geography and public theology), including concepts such as cosmopolitanism, the postsecular, progressive localism and spiritual and social capital. These concepts recognize the changing boundaries between the religious and secular in the public sphere. The article locates some of these theoretical discourses within two case studies of performative cosmopolitan religious governance and analyses their methodology and impact within the terms of governance and sustainable development. It concludes that performative spaces of religiously framed welfare provision and civic engagement potentially offer important pointers as to principles and structures of what sustainable governance looks like in complex, diverse and increasingly fragmented polities and localities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Sternal bone marrow derived equine multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs): investigations considering the sampling site and the use of different culture media
Authors: Eydt Carina , Geburek Florian , Schröck Carmen , Hambruch Nina , Rohn Karl , Pfarrer Christiane , Staszyk Carsten 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAspiration of equine sternal bone marrow is required for the cultivation of bone marrow‐derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (BM‐MSCs) for regenerative therapies. For bone marrow aspiration as well as for MSC cultivation, there is a need to optimize techniques and protocols to enhance MSC harvest at minimized culture times. In a comparative study bone marrow aspirates from sternebra 4 and 5 were collected at two different positions within the sternebrae, either from 10 mm or from 30 mm dorsal from the ventral margin of the sternebrae. Accuracy of the puncture depth was confirmed by ultrasonography and computed tomography. Isolated MSCs were cultivated using media supplemented with three alternative sera, i.e. fetal calf serum, standardized horse serum and autologous serum. Due to morphological characteristics (spherical shape, only thin layer of hyaline cartilage at the ventral site, reliable bone marrow aspiration from only 10 mm intraosseous depth), sternebra 5 appeared most suitable for bone marrow aspiration. Cultivation and expansion of BM‐MSCs was most efficient using fetal calf serum.
Solvent‐Controlled Construction of Two 3D Manganese(II) Coordination Polymers Based on Flexible Tripodal Multicarboxylate Linker and Rod‐Shaped SBUs
Authors: Chen Min , Hu Min , Zhao Hui , Tian Jia‐Yue , Liu Chun‐Sen 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTo further explore the coordination possibilities of the flexible tripodal ligand, 4,4′,4′′‐(benzene‐1,3,5‐triyl‐tris(oxy))tribenzoic acid (H3BTTB), two solvent‐controlled three‐dimensional (3D) manganese(II) coordination polymers, [Mn3(BTTB)2(H2O)4](H2O)2 (1) and [Mn3(BTTB)2(DMF)2](DMF)2 (2), were synthesized and characterized. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that in the MnII complexes the BTTB ligands exhibit two coordination modes, which have not been reported previously. Complexes 1 and 2 involve different one‐dimensional (1D) rod‐shaped metal–carboxylate secondary building units (SBUs). The 1D SBUs are further extended to afford two different three‐dimensional (3D) frameworks with similar flu topology via linkage of the BTTB ligands. The results demonstrate that the reaction solvent as well as conformation and coordination mode of BTTB ligands play key roles on the formation of the final framework structures. Additionally, their luminescent properties were investigated.
Optimization of Rhamnolipid Production by P. aeruginosa Isolate P6
Authors: El‐Housseiny Ghadir Saeed , Aboulwafa Mohammad Mabrouk , Aboshanab Khaled Anwer , Hassouna Nadia Abdel Haleim 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRhamnolipids are interesting microbial surfactants having great industrial importance. However, the main obstacles towards an economic production of rhamnolipids are low productivity and high raw‐material costs. Therefore, this study aimed at optimization of the culture media as well as culture conditions using response surface methodology for maximum rhamnolipid production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate P6, a promising rhamnolipid‐producing isolate. The optimum medium for maximum rhamnolipid production was found to be a mineral salts medium with glycerol 2 % v/v as the carbon source. The optimum cultivation conditions using response surface methodology were found to be an incubation temperature of 30 °C, an agitation rate of 250 rpm, an inoculum size of 5 % v/v and unlike most studies, an initial pH of 7.5. The resulting model predicted data points that corresponded well to the experimental values. Optimization resulted in a threefold increase in rhamnolipid production reaching 7.54 g/L. The data are potentially useful for further industrial exploitation of rhamnolipid production by the studied isolate.
Multi-wavelength narrow linewidth fiber laser based on distributed feedback fiber lasers
Authors: Lv Jingsheng , Qi Haifeng , Song Zhiqiang , Guo Jian , Ni Jiasheng , Wang Chang , Peng Gangding 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA narrow linewidth laser configuration based on distributed feedback fiber lasers (DFB-FL) with eight wavelengths in the international telecommunication union (ITU) grid is presented and realized. In this laser configuration, eight phase-shifted gratings in series are bidirectionally pumped by two 980-nm laser diodes (LDs). The final laser output with over 10-mW power for each wavelength can be obtained, and the maximum power difference within eight wavelengths is 1.2 dB. The laser configuration with multiple wavelengths and uniform power outputs can be very useful in large scaled optical fiber hydrophone fields.
Neighborhood income inequality, social capital and emotional distress among adolescents: A population‐based study
Authors: Vilhjalmsdottir Arndis , Gardarsdottir Ragna B. , Bernburg Jon Gunnar , Sigfusdottir Inga Dora 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTTheory holds that income inequality may harm adolescent mental health by reducing social capital within neighborhood communities. However, research on this topic has been very limited. We use multilevel data on 102 public schools and 5958 adolescents in Iceland (15 and 16 years old) to examine whether income inequality within neighborhoods is associated with emotional distress in adolescents. Moreover, we test whether indicators of social capital, including social trust and embeddedness in neighborhood social networks, mediate this contextual effect. The findings show that neighborhood income inequality positively influences emotional distress of individual adolescents, net of their personal household situations and social relations. However, although the indicators of social capital negatively influence emotional distress, they do not mediate the contextual effect of neighborhood income inequality. The study illustrates the role of economic disparities in adolescent mental health, but calls for more research on the underlying social and social‐psychological mechanisms.
Attentional Bias for Pain and Sex, and Automatic Appraisals of Sexual Penetration: Differential Patterns in Dyspareunia vs Vaginismus?
Authors: Melles Reinhilde J. , Dewitte Marieke D. , ter Kuile Moniek M. , Peters Madelon M.L. , de Jong Peter J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Current information processing models propose that heightened attention bias for sex-related threats (eg, pain) and lowered automatic incentive processes (“wanting”) may play an important role in the impairment of sexual arousal and the development of sexual dysfunctions such as genitopelvic pain/penetration disorder (GPPPD). Differential threat and incentive processing may also help explain the stronger persistence of coital avoidance in women with vaginismus compared to women with dyspareunia.

Aims
As the first aim, we tested if women with GPPPD show (1) heightened attention for pain and sex, and (2) heightened threat and lower incentive associations with sexual penetration. Second, we examined whether the stronger persistence of coital avoidance in vaginismus vs dyspareunia might be explained by a stronger attentional bias or more dysfunctional automatic threat/incentive associations.

Methods
Women with lifelong vaginismus (n = 37), dyspareunia (n = 29), and a no-symptoms comparison group (n = 51) completed a visual search task to assess attentional bias, and single target implicit-association tests to measure automatic sex-threat and sex-wanting associations.

Results
There were no group differences in attentional bias or automatic associations. Correlational analysis showed that slowed detection of sex stimuli and stronger automatic threat associations were related to lowered sexual arousal.

Conclusion
The findings do not corroborate the view that attentional bias for pain or sex contributes to coital pain, or that differences in coital avoidance may be explained by differences in attentional bias or automatic threat/incentive associations. However, the correlational findings are consistent with the view that automatic threat associations and impaired attention for sex stimuli may interfere with the generation of sexual arousal.
Study of EGNOS accuracy and integrity in eastern Poland
Authors: Grunwald G. , Bakuła M. , Ciećko A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe ionosphere is one of the main factors affecting the accuracy and integrity of satellite-based augmentation system positioning systems. This paper presents the results of a 30-day study of the accuracy and integrity of the European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service (EGNOS) conducted at the EPOD airport belonging to the Aeroclub of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, in northeastern Poland (the area until recently considered as the edge of EGNOS coverage). Analyses of the parameters characterising the accuracy and integrity of positioning were performed in three calculation variants/modes: with the original EGNOS ionospheric correction, with correction determined by means of Klobuchar algorithm, and finally with modified ionospheric coefficients developed by the CODE. Studies have shown clearly that the original EGNOS ionospheric model gives the best integrity and accuracy results allowing to use EGNOS for approach with vertical guidance procedures, while the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe and Klobuchar models could only be used for non-precision approach operations.
Respecting Human Rights in Conflict Regions: How to Avoid the ‘Conflict Spiral’
Authors: GRAF Andreas , IFF Andrea 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article introduces a novel way in which human rights due diligence can be ‘enhanced’ to respond to business and human rights challenges specific to conflict affected areas. It makes two key arguments. First, it claims that a crucial and often neglected factor for understanding human rights risks in conflict affected areas is that businesses face escalating and largely unpredictable human rights risks once they become involved in conflict. Second, the article shows how integrating aspects of the well-established method of conflict sensitive business practice into human rights due diligence can help companies address this challenge. For instance, companies should include a conflict analysis in human rights impact assessments and systematically identify and address their actual or potential impacts on conflict. This article provides support to a UN Working Group proposal for the integration of conflict sensitive business practices into human rights due diligence.
US State-Level Legislative Responses to the Ebola Outbreak, 2014-2015
Authors: Rutkow Lainie , Jabs Alexandra 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveWe sought to systematically identify and analyze state-level legislative responses to Ebola from April 2014 through June 2015.MethodsUsing standardized search terms, we searched the LexisNexis State Capital database to identify bills or resolutions that explicitly mentioned Ebola or viral hemorrhagic fever in all 50 US states and Washington, DC, from April 2014 through June 2015. Information was abstracted from relevant bills or resolutions by using an electronic data collection form. Abstracted information was analyzed to identify themes and patterns.ResultsOur search processes returned 273 bills and resolutions; 17 met our inclusion criterion. These 17 bills and resolutions were introduced in 11 states. The primary goals of these materials concerned the following: protecting or acknowledging public health and health care workers (n=4), revising the definition of “communicable disease” (n=3), financial considerations (n=5), establishing a task force (n=2), and updating or creating facilities (n=3). Six bills were enacted and 4 resolutions were adopted.ConclusionApproximately 20% of the states introduced bills or resolutions concerning the Ebola outbreak. These bills and resolutions highlight important practice considerations, including protections for those who assist in treating Ebola and revision of laws in the face of emerging infectious disease threats. Policy-makers and emergency planners would benefit from incorporating lessons learned from states’ Ebola responses into their preparedness activities. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:649–653)
Cardiac Electrophysiology Laboratories: A Potential Target for Antimicrobial Stewardship and Quality Improvement?
Authors: Branch-Elliman Westyn , Stanislawski Maggie , Strymish Judith , Barón Anna E. , Gupta Kalpana , Varosy Paul D. , Gold Howard S. , Ho P. Michael 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDInfections following cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) procedures, including pacemaker and implantable cardioverter–defibrillators, are devastating and costly. Preimplantation prophylactic antimicrobials are effective for reducing postprocedural infections. However, routine postprocedural antimicrobials are not associated with improved outcomes, and they may be harmful. Thus, we sought to characterize antimicrobial use patterns following CIED procedures.DESIGNAll patients who underwent CIED procedures from October 1, 2007 to September 30, 2013 and had procedural information entered into the VA Clinical Assessment Reporting and Tracking (CART) software program were included in this study. All antibiotic prescriptions lasting more than 24 hours following device implantation or revision were identified using pharmacy databases, and postprocedural antibiotic use lasting more than 24 hours was characterized.RESULTSIn total, 3,712 CIED procedures were performed at 34 VA facilities on 3,570 patients with a mean age of 71.7 years (standard deviation [SD], 11.1 years), 98.4% of whom were male. Postprocedural antibiotics >24 hours were prescribed following 1,579 of 3,712 CIED procedures (42.5%). The median duration of therapy was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR], 3–7 days). The most commonly prescribed antibiotic was cephalexin (1,152 of 1,579; 72.9%), followed by doxycycline (118 of 1,579; 7.47%) and ciprofloxacin (93 of 1,579; 5.9%). Vancomycin was used in 73 of 1,579 prescriptions (4.62%). Among the highest quartile of procedural volume, prescribing practices varied considerably, ranging from 3.2% to 77.6%.CONCLUSIONSNearly 1 in 2 patients received prolonged postprocedural antimicrobial therapy following CIED procedures, and the rate of postprocedural antimicrobial therapy use varied considerably by facility. Given the lack of demonstrated benefit of routine prolonged antimicrobial therapy following CIED procedures, antimicrobial use following cardiac device interventions may be a potential target for quality improvement programs and antimicrobial stewardship.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:1005–1011