bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Current knowledge and perception of bariatric surgery among Greek doctors living in Thessaly
Authors: Zacharoulis Dimitris , Bakalis Vissarion , Zachari Eleni , Sioka Eleni , Tsimpida Dialecthi , Magouliotis Dimitrios , Tasiopoulou Vasiliki , Chatedaki Christina , Tzovaras George 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe purpose of this study was to assess doctors’ knowledge, current conceptions, and clinical practice regarding obesity and bariatric surgery.MethodsA self‐administered survey was administered to 500 doctors with varying medical specialties in public and private practice.ResultsThe response rate was 60%. Most participants (77.3%) were in private practice. Although almost half of the participants could define morbid obesity and obesity‐related comorbidities, only 8.7% felt educated about bariatric surgery. Participants had little knowledge of various types of bariatric procedures. A minority of doctors (24.7%) knew of the existence of a bariatric center in their area. Only 21.3% of doctors had referred a patient to a bariatric center. Reasons for non‐referral included lack of interest in bariatric surgery (37.3%), patient refusal (35.3%), increased operative fees (17.3%), lack of confidence in bariatric surgery (6.3%), and lack of access to a nearby bariatric center (3.7%). The majority of doctors were interested in learning more about bariatric surgery and related guidelines, but they remained reluctant to conduct patients’ postoperative follow‐ups.ConclusionThe penetration of bariatric surgery in the medical community remains limited, despite its proven effectiveness in facilitating sustained weight loss and resolving several obesity‐related comorbidities. A great effort should be made to inform health‐care providers about the evolution of bariatric procedures, the potential benefits they offer, and the existence of certified bariatric centers. This will allow doctors to provide optimum health care to patients who could benefit from bariatric surgery.
EnGendering the State: Women's Work and Peru's 2012 Agrarian Census
Authors: Wilhoit Mary Elena 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper analyzes rural women's work in the 2012 agrarian census in Ayacucho, Peru to demonstrate the effects of gendered labor on political subjectivities and processes of statecraft. Census work is an example of the temporary, low‐income jobs increasingly the mainstay of poor and landless women in semirural areas. Alongside short‐term jobs for NGOs or municipalities, however, such work provided its employees—in this case, low‐income, mestiza women—with channels for limited influence over local politics and development. At the same time, census work highlighted gendered attitudes toward the state and tensions over shifting patterns of gendered labor and political engagement. As both formal and illicit economies expand in Ayacucho, along with government interest in controlling the region, an analysis of the intersection of gendered labor trends and political attitudes provides a unique understanding of sovereignty and alterity that foregrounds local influence. Using the example of the census, I examine how women enacted governmental procedures through the limited, precarious work available to them, demonstrating both that the production of data used in policy is a negotiated process and that gendered relationships with the state reflect and are affected by local divisions of labor.
Performing Poweren Las Yardas(at the Yards): The Body, Capitalist Discipline, and the Making of MexicanYarderoLives in South Chicago
Authors: Lemus Sergio 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article examines the relationship between capitalism, the body, and discipline in a new working‐class population in Chicago, Illinois. Specifically, this analysis documents how Mexican lawn‐service workers—commonly known asyarderos—develop the discipline to control their movements, feelings, and bodily functions to perform lawn‐care services efficiently. The article draws on Michel Foucault's notion of biopower and Karl Marx's capitalist framework to advance an anthropological analysis of the ways in which workers become self‐disciplining. The article concludes with a reflection on the hardships of the lawn‐care industry, the production process, and how laughter becomes a mechanism to humanize an activity that is dehumanizing.
Blechschmidt Collection: Revisiting specimens from a historical collection of serially sectioned human embryos and fetuses using modern imaging techniques
Authors: Miyazaki Reina , Makishima Haruyuki , Männer Jörg , Sydow Hans‐Georg , Uwabe Chigako , Takakuwa Tetsuya , Viebahn Christoph , Yamada Shigehito 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTAlong with the Carnegie Collection in the United States and the Kyoto Collection in Japan, the Blechschmidt Collection (Georg‐August‐University of Göttingen, Germany) is a major historical human embryo and fetus collection. These collections are of enormous value to human embryology; however, due to the nature of the historical histological specimens, some stains are fading in color, and some glass slides are deteriorating over time. To protect these specimens against such degradation and ensure their future usefulness, we tried to apply modern image scanning and computational reconstruction. Samples of histological specimens of the Blechschmidt Collection were digitized into images using commercial flatbed scanners with a resolution of 4800 pixels per inch. Two specimens were reconstructed into three‐dimensional (3D) images by using modern techniques to vertically stack two‐dimensional images of the slices into 3D blocks. The larger specimen of crown‐rump length (CRL) 64.0 mm, a series of very large histological sections in human embryology, was reconstructed clearly, with its central nervous system segmented before stacking. The smaller specimen of CRL 17.5 mm was also reconstructed into 3D images. The outer surface of the embryo was intact, and its development was classified according to the widely used Carnegie stages (CSs). The CS of the specimen was identified as the later half of CS 20. The invaluable Blechschmidt Collection can be revisited for further research with modern techniques such as digital image scanning and computational 3D reconstruction.
Inhibition of transient potential receptor vanilloid type 1 suppresses seizure susceptibility in the genetically epilepsy‐prone rat
Authors: Cho Sue J , Vaca Michelle A , Miranda Clive J , N'Gouemo Prosper 
Published: November 2017

SummaryAimsIntracellular calcium plays an important role in neuronal hyperexcitability that leads to seizures. One calcium influx route of interest is the transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 (TRPV1) channel. Here, we evaluated the effects of capsazepine (CPZ), a potent blocker of TRPV1 channels on acoustically evoked seizures (audiogenic seizures, AGS) in the genetically epilepsy‐prone rat (GEPR‐3), a model of inherited epilepsy.MethodsMale and female GEPR‐3s were used. For the acute CPZ treatment study, GEPR‐3s were tested for AGS susceptibility before and after treatment with various doses of CPZ (0, 1, 3, and 10 mg/kg; ip). For semichronic CPZ treatment study, GEPR‐3s were tested for AGS susceptibility before and after 5‐day CPZ treatment at the dose of 1 mg/kg (ip). The prevalence, latency, and severity of AGS were recorded and analyzed.ResultsWe found that acute CPZ pretreatment reduced the seizure severity in male GEPR‐3s; the effect was dose‐dependent. In female GEPR‐3s, however, CPZ treatment completely suppressed the seizure susceptibility. Furthermore, semichronic CPZ treatment suppressed seizure susceptibility in female GEPR‐3s, but only reduced the seizure severity in male GEPR‐3s.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that the TRPV1 channel is a promising molecular target for seizure suppression, with female GEPR‐3s exhibiting higher sensitivity than male GEPR‐3s.
SEL: A unified algorithm for salient entity linking
Authors: Trani Salvatore , Lucchese Claudio , Perego Raffaele , Losada David E. , Ceccarelli Diego , Orlando Salvatore 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe entity linking task consists in automatically identifying and linking the entities mentioned in a text to their uniform resource identifiers in a given knowledge base. This task is very challenging due to its natural language ambiguity. However, not all the entities mentioned in the document have the same utility in understanding the topics being discussed. Thus, the related problem of identifying the most relevant entities present in the document, also known as salient entities (SE), is attracting increasing interest. In this paper, we propose salient entity linking, a novel supervised 2‐step algorithm comprehensively addressing both entity linking and saliency detection. The first step is aimed at identifying a set of candidate entities that are likely to be mentioned in the document. The second step, besides detecting linked entities, also scores them according to their saliency. Experiments conducted on 2 different data sets show that the proposed algorithm outperforms state‐of‐the‐art competitors and is able to detect SE with high accuracy. Furthermore, we used salient entity linking for extractive text summarization. We found that entity saliency can be incorporated into text summarizers to extract salient sentences from text. The resulting summarizers outperform well‐known summarization systems, proving the importance of using the SE information.
Multi‐year simulation and model calibration of soil moisture and temperature profiles in till soil
Authors: Okkonen J. , Ala‐Aho P. , Hänninen P. , Hayashi M. , Sutinen R. , Liwata P. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryIn Nordic regions water infiltration into soil is controlled by soil moisture content and frozen soil conditions, which are regulated by soil temperature. For long‐term model predictions of the effects of climate change, models need to be tested with long‐term data to assess model sensitivity to parameter uncertainties under both typical and exceptional conditions. Ten‐year (2002–2011) daily soil moisture and temperature data at different depths in glacial till soils in central Finland were used to assess the sensitivity of a coupled heat and water transfer model, COUP, to model parameters. The model was most sensitive to the parameters controlling snow accumulation and melt, the thermal conductivity of frozen soil and soil water retention characteristics. Observed time series for soil temperature and moisture at different depths were matched reasonably well by model simulations, although the model performance with respect to moisture dynamics in the topsoil was relatively poor. The model was not able to simulate accurately exceptional winter conditions, such as mid‐winter snowmelt events. This study showed that the main characteristics of long‐term variation in soil temperature for till‐derived soil in a cold climate can be resolved by a coupled water and heat transport model. Better characterization of infiltration in cold climates would require measurement of water fluxes, and soil frost occurrence and penetration.Highlights
Ten‐year soil temperature and moisture observations are predicted with coupled heat and water model.
Snow processes and soil thermal and water retention properties proved critical in our simulations.
Exceptional winter conditions pose a challenge in parameterization of the model.
Studies measuring water fluxes and soil frost occurrence are needed for advances in modelling.
Warming and top predator loss drive ecosystem multifunctionality
Authors: Antiqueira Pablo Augusto P. , Petchey Owen L. , Romero Gustavo Quevedo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlobal change affects ecosystem functioning both directly by modifications in physicochemical processes, and indirectly, via changes in biotic metabolism and interactions. Unclear, however, is how multiple anthropogenic drivers affect different components of community structure and the performance of multiple ecosystem functions (ecosystem multifunctionality). We manipulated small natural freshwater ecosystems to investigate how warming and top predator loss affect seven ecosystem functions representing two major dimensions of ecosystem functioning, productivity and metabolism. We investigated their direct and indirect effects on community diversity and standing stock of multitrophic macro and microorganisms. Warming directly increased multifunctional ecosystem productivity and metabolism. In contrast, top predator loss indirectly affected multifunctional ecosystem productivity via changes in the diversity of detritivorous macroinvertebrates, but did not affect ecosystem metabolism. In addition to demonstrating how multiple anthropogenic drivers have different impacts, via different pathways, on ecosystem multifunctionality components, our work should further spur advances in predicting responses of ecosystems to multiple simultaneous environmental changes.
Bottom‐up vs. top‐down effects on terrestrial insect herbivores: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Vidal Mayra C. , Murphy Shannon M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrimary consumers are under strong selection from resource (‘bottom‐up’) and consumer (‘top‐down’) controls, but the relative importance of these selective forces is unknown. We performed a meta‐analysis to compare the strength of top‐down and bottom‐up forces on consumer fitness, considering multiple predictors that can modulate these effects: diet breadth, feeding guild, habitat/environment, type of bottom‐up effects, type of top‐down effects and how consumer fitness effects are measured. We focused our analyses on the most diverse group of primary consumers, herbivorous insects, and found that in general top‐down forces were stronger than bottom‐up forces. Notably, chewing, sucking and gall‐making herbivores were more affected by top‐down than bottom‐up forces, top‐down forces were stronger than bottom‐up in both natural and controlled (cultivated) environments, and parasitoids and predators had equally strong top‐down effects on insect herbivores. Future studies should broaden the scope of focal consumers, particularly in understudied terrestrial systems, guilds, taxonomic groups and top‐down controls (e.g. pathogens), and test for more complex indirect community interactions. Our results demonstrate the surprising strength of forces exerted by natural enemies on herbivorous insects, and thus the necessity of using a tri‐trophic approach when studying insect‐plant interactions.
Potentially high‐risk cardiac arrhythmias with focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures and generalized tonic–clonic seizures are associated with the duration of periictal hypoxemia
Authors: Park Katherine J. , Sharma Gaurav , Kennedy Jeffrey D. , Seyal Masud 
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo investigate potentially high‐risk cardiac arrhythmias (PHAs) following focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCSs) and generalized tonic–clonic seizures (GTCSs) and to study the association of PHAs with seizure characteristics and the severity of associated ictal respiratory dysfunction.MethodsElectrocardiographic (EKG) and pulse oximetry (SpO2) data were recorded concurrently with video‐electroencephalographic telemetry in the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). One minute of preictal EKG, the ictal EKG, and 2 min of ictal/postictal data were reviewed for each seizure. Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, bradyarrhythmia, and/or sinus pauses were considered as PHAs. FBTCSs/GTCSs with PHAs were compared to those that had only ictal sinus tachycardia.ResultsData from 69 patients with 182 FBTCSs/GTCSs with usable SpO2 and EKG recordings were available. There were 10 FBTCSs/GTCSs in 10 patients with a PHA. The presence of PHAs was not associated with seizure duration or SpO2 nadir. FBTCSs/GTCSs with a PHA were significantly associated with the duration of oxygen desaturation < 90% when compared with FBTCSs/GTCSs with only sinus tachycardia (Mann–Whitney, p = 0.042). Desaturation duration of <100 s was not significantly associated with occurrence of PHAs (p = 0.110) when compared with seizures that had only sinus tachycardia. The odds ratio for occurrence of PHA was 7.86 for desaturation durations ≥ 125 s versus desaturations < 125 s (p = 0.005). The odds ratio increased to 13.09 for desaturation durations ≥ 150 s (p < 0.001). Preictal and ictal/postictal arrhythmias occurred with focal seizures that did not progress to FBTCSs. Four patients with focal seizures had ictal/postictal PHAs without preictal PHAs. Two of these patients had evidence for prior cardiac disturbance.SignificancePHAs following a single FBTCS/GTCS in the EMU are significantly associated with the duration of ictal/postictal hypoxemia. It is possible that FBTCS/GTCS‐associated hypoxemia may trigger fatal cardiac arrhythmias in a subset of susceptible patients dying of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy.
The impact of hypsarrhythmia on infantile spasms treatment response: Observational cohort study from the National Infantile Spasms Consortium
Authors: Demarest Scott T. , Shellhaas Renée A. , Gaillard William D. , Keator Cynthia , Nickels Katherine C. , Hussain Shaun A. , Loddenkemper Tobias , Patel Anup D. , Saneto Russell P. , Wirrell Elaine , Sánchez Fernández Iván , Chu Catherine J. , Grinspan Zachary , Wusthoff Courtney J. , Joshi Sucheta , Mohamed Ismail S. , Stafstrom Carl E. , Stack Cynthia V. , Yozawitz Elissa , Bluvstein Judith S. , Singh Rani K. , Knupp Kelly G. ,   the Pediatric Epilepsy Research Consortium
Published: November 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe multicenter National Infantile Spasms Consortium prospective cohort was used to compare outcomes and phenotypic features of patients with infantile spasms with and without hypsarrhythmia.MethodsPatients aged 2 months to 2 years were enrolled prospectively with new‐onset infantile spasms. Treatment choice and categorization of hypsarrhythmia were determined clinically at each site. Response to therapy was defined as resolution of clinical spasms (and hypsarrhythmia if present) without relapse 3 months after initiation.ResultsEighty‐two percent of patients had hypsarrhythmia, but this was not associated with gender, mean age, preexisting developmental delay or epilepsy, etiology, or response to first‐line therapy. Infants with hypsarrhythmia were more likely to receive standard treatment (adrenocorticotropic hormone, prednisolone, or vigabatrin [odds ratio (OR) 2.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4–4.7] and preexisting epilepsy reduced the likelihood of standard treatment (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.9–5.4). Hypsarrhythmia was not a determinant of response to treatment. A logistic regression model demonstrated that later age of onset (OR 1.09 per month, 95% CI 1.03–1.15) and absence of preexisting epilepsy (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.06–2.81) had a small impact on the likelihood of responding to the first‐line treatment. However, receiving standard first‐line treatment increased the likelihood of responding dramatically: vigabatrin (OR 5.2 ,95% CI 2–13.7), prednisolone (OR 8, 95% CI 3.1–20.6), and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; OR 10.2, 95% CI 4.1–25.8) .SignificanceFirst‐line treatment with standard therapy was by far the most important variable in determining likelihood of response to treatment of infantile spasms with or without hypsarrhythmia.
Distribution patterns of loliginid squid paralarvae in relation to the oceanographic features off the South Brazil Bight (22°–25°S)
Authors: de Araujo Carolina Costa , Gasalla Maria A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLoliginid squids constitute marine resources of increasing importance in shelf ecosystems off the coast of South Brazil. However, the existing information and knowledge about the occurrence of early‐life stages and causes of distributional patterns are insufficient. Here, we have revisited Brazilian historical plankton samples obtained from 11 oceanographic surveys to identify paralarvae and their abundances over time. The study area and time period cover the region between Cabo de São Tomé (22°S) and Cananéia (25°S) at depths down to 200 m from 1991 to 2005. Of the 246 paralarvae quantified, ~50% were identified to the genus or species level, including Doryteuthis spp. (D. sanpaulensis and D. plei), Lolliguncula brevis and a single specimen of Pickfordiateuthis pulchella. Paralarval occurrence and abundance peaked in different areas and were associated with distinct oceanographic conditions: D. sanpaulensis occurred in the northern region associated with cold waters and upwelling events, D. plei occurred primarily in the southern region of the study area and in warmer waters, and L. brevis was found in shallow and low salinity waters in the estuarine region off the coast of Santos. Overall, the highest abundance of paralarvae occurred in the nearshore, northernmost areas during summer, and this can be associated with the observed retention mechanisms caused by local circulation, seasonal upwelling, the intrusion of nutrient‐rich waters, and spawning peaks. The present study provides new information and evidence for loliginid patterns in the area that may potentially be useful for better understanding the recruitment patterns and fishery assessments of squid populations.
Simulating the recent impacts of multiple biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling across the United States
Authors: Kautz Markus , Anthoni Peter , Meddens Arjan J. H. , Pugh Thomas A. M. , Arneth Almut 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBiotic disturbances (BDs, for example, insects, pathogens, and wildlife herbivory) substantially affect boreal and temperate forest ecosystems globally. However, accurate impact assessments comprising larger spatial scales are lacking to date although these are critically needed given the expected disturbance intensification under a warming climate. Hence, our quantitative knowledge on current and future BD impacts, for example, on forest carbon (C) cycling, is strongly limited. We extended a dynamic global vegetation model to simulate ecosystem response to prescribed tree mortality and defoliation due to multiple biotic agents across United States forests during the period 1997–2015, and quantified the BD‐induced vegetation C loss, that is, C fluxes from live vegetation to dead organic matter pools. Annual disturbance fractions separated by BD type (tree mortality and defoliation) and agent (bark beetles, defoliator insects, other insects, pathogens, and other biotic agents) were calculated at 0.5° resolution from aerial‐surveyed data and applied within the model. Simulated BD‐induced C fluxes totaled 251.6 Mt C (annual mean: 13.2 Mt C year−1, SD ±7.3 Mt C year−1 between years) across the study domain, to which tree mortality contributed 95% and defoliation 5%. Among BD agents, bark beetles caused most C fluxes (61%), and total insect‐induced C fluxes were about five times larger compared to non‐insect agents, for example, pathogens and wildlife. Our findings further demonstrate that BD‐induced C cycle impacts (i) displayed high spatio‐temporal variability, (ii) were dominated by different agents across BD types and regions, and (iii) were comparable in magnitude to fire‐induced impacts. This study provides the first ecosystem model‐based assessment of BD‐induced impacts on forest C cycling at the continental scale and going beyond single agent‐host systems, thus allowing for comparisons across regions, BD types, and agents. Ultimately, a perspective on the potential and limitations of a more process‐based incorporation of multiple BDs in ecosystem models is offered.