bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anesthetic Management for Cesarean Delivery in Parturients With a Diagnosis of Dwarfism
Authors: Lange E.M. , Toledo P. , Stariha J. , Nixon H.C. 
Published: May 2017

(Can J Anaesth. 2016;63(8):945–951)
An adult height of 148 cm or less is defined as dwarfism. Advances in reproductive technologies have enabled women with dwarfism to conceive and bear children. It is known that pregnant women with either proportionate or disproportionate dwarfism have a greater risk of cesarean delivery compared with those without dwarfism. The anesthetic management of parturients with dwarfism is challenging owing to the large anatomical variations and heterogeneity among patients with dwarfism. The present study was a retrospective report on the anesthetic management of 13 parturients who were diagnosed with dwarfism and underwent cesarean deliveries.
Evaluation of Failed and High Blocks Associated With Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery Following Inadequate Labour Epidural: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Einhorn L.M. , Habib A.S. 
Published: May 2017

(Can J Anaesth. 2016;63(10):1170–1178)
A retrospective cohort study was conducted with the aim to investigate factors that are associated with failed and high spinal blocks in patients who received spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery following insufficient surgical anesthesia from a labor epidural that had been appropriately topped up. The study also assessed the incidence of high spinal blocks in this setting. Data from the Duke Perioperative Anesthesia Database were retrospectively retrieved for women in labor with an existing labor epidural who required a cesarean delivery and received either single-shot spinal or combined spinal-epidural (CSE) anesthesia due to inadequacy of the labor epidural to provide surgical anesthesia, either after a top up for cesarean delivery or without receipt of a top-up dose. The occurrence of failed spinal blocks was the primary outcome of the analysis and the occurrence of high blocks following spinal administration was the secondary outcome.
The Gestational Diabetes Tsunami: Can We Survive It?
Authors: Scott P. , Zhang Y. , Nolan C.J. 
Published: May 2017

(Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol. 2016;56(4):333–335)
Sedentary lifestyles, poor diets, higher obesity levels, increasing maternal age, and migration of women of high-risk ethnicities to Australia are factors contributing to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). On the basis of results from various randomized controlled trials and on outcomes of the hyperglycemia and pregnancy outcomes study, the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) established new diagnostic criteria for GDM, which was endorsed by several organizations such as the Australasian Diabetes in Pregnancy Society (ADIPS), Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG), the Royal College of Pathologists of Australia (RACP), and the World Health Organization (WHO).
Maternal Near-miss at University Hospitals With Cesarean Overuse: An Incident Case-control Study
Authors: Mohammadi S. , Essén B. , Fallahian M. , Taheripanah R. , Saleh Gargari S. , Källestål C. 
Published: May 2017

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016; 95(7):777–786)
An important cause of maternal health concern, cesarean section (CS) is known to have some correlation with maternal near-miss (MNM). The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency, causes, risk factors, and perinatal outcomes of MNM. Between March 2012 and May 2014, this incident case-control study was conducted at 3 university hospitals in Tehran with high CS rates.
Sleep Enhancement Training for Pregnant Women
Authors: Lee K.A. , Gay C.L. , Alsten C.R. 
Published: May 2017

(Obstet Gynecol. 2016;128(5):964–971)
Poor sleep in the late stages of pregnancy as well as in the early postpartum period is known to be associated with various problems. There are few sleep improvement interventions that are available although a well-known one is the Sleep Enhancement Training System. This training is a cognitive-behavioral intervention in which sound-enhanced audio programs are used to promote relaxation and reduce hyperarousal. The objective of this study was to analyze the feasibility and effectiveness of the Sleep Enhancement Training System for Pregnancy to help enhance sleep among pregnant women as their sleep becomes more disrupted during late pregnancy as well as in the early postpartum period.
Caring for Opioid Dependent Pregnant Women: Prenatal and Postpartum Care Considerations
Authors: Krans E.E. , Cochran G. , Bogen D.L. 
Published: May 2017

(Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2015;58(2):370–379)
Statistics have shown that the abuse of opioids during pregnancy has risen significantly. Simultaneously there has been an increase in the rates of neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) or neonatal drug withdrawal after birth. As pregnancy provides an appropriate opportunity to identify opioid dependence (OD), health care providers can make a substantive impact on the lives of OD pregnant women and their children by treating and managing the problem effectively.
Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Women Planning Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC) at Home in England: Secondary Analysis of the Birthplace National Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Rowe R. , Li Y. , Knight M. , Brocklehurst P. , Hollowell J. 
Published: May 2017

(BJOG. 2016;123:1123–1132)
Some women in England who have undergone a cesarean section (CS) in an earlier pregnancy prefer a planned vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC) in a midwifery-led setting, such as at home, in a freestanding midwifery unit, or in an alongside midwifery unit which resides in the same facility as a hospital obstetric unit (OU). However, present national guidelines suggest that women with a previous CS plan subsequent births in an OU to avoid maternal and fetal complications. This study aimed to compare vaginal birth rates in women planning VBAC at home to those planning VBAC in an OU, and to determine transfer rates for those planning VBAC at home. In addition, analysis of maternal and perinatal outcomes for these groups was undertaken.
Donor Oocyte Conception and Pregnancy Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Jeve Y.B. , Potdar N. , Opoku A. , Khare M. 
Published: May 2017

(BJOG. 2016;123(9):1471–1480)
The demand for donor oocyte (DO) conception has increased along with the growing trend of delayed childbirth. However, increased risk of complications such as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) and preeclampsia have been reported in DO pregnancies irrespective of maternal age. Studies have found rates of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as high as 16% to 40% in women with pregnancies conceived via DO. This systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to examine the obstetric outcomes of DO pregnancies compared with autologous-oocyte in vitro fertilization (IVF) pregnancies, and to determine if DO pregnancy is an independent risk factor for pregnancy-related complications.
Does Nitrous Oxide Labor Analgesia Influence the Pattern of Neuraxial Analgesia Usage? An Impact Study at an Academic Medical Center
Authors: Bobb L.E. , Farber M.K. , McGovern C. , Camann W. 
Published: May 2017

(J Clin Anesth. 2016;35:54–57)
During labor and delivery, there are many options available for pain relief, and the inhalation of nitrous oxide (N2O) is one of the methods that is gaining popularity in the United States. However, the effect of N2O availability on the utilization patterns of other forms of labor analgesia such as neuraxial labor analgesia (especially in large American hospital settings) has not been studied. The objective of this study was to examine how the use of N2O during labor and delivery would influence the pattern of neuraxial labor analgesia.
Prevention of Spinal Anesthesia-induced Hypotension During Cesarean Delivery by 5-Hydroxytryptamine-3 Receptor Antagonists: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis and Meta-regression
Authors: Heesen M. , Klimek M. , Hoeks S.E. , Rossaint R. 
Published: May 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2016;123(4):977–988)
Hypotension is a common complication affecting obstetric patients receiving spinal anesthesia, and can lead to nausea and vomiting, altered consciousness, and increased risk of aspiration. As 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3, serotonin) receptors are involved in the mechanism, studies have evaluated 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for their potential to prevent spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension. The authors of the present meta-analysis reviewed the effect of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists on the frequency of hypotension in patients undergoing spinal anesthesia.
Use of Doppler Ultrasound in the Management of Uteroplacental Perfusion During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pregnancy
Authors: Mandel D.C. , Pryde P.G. , Shah D.M. , Iruretagoyena J.I. 
Published: May 2017

(Int J Obstet Anesth. 2016;27:75–80)
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) performed during pregnancy is known to increase the risk of fetal mortality by up to 20%. This can be minimized to some extent by the use of fetal-maternal Doppler ultrasound as a surrogate for monitoring maternal oxygen transport and uterine blood flow. This current case report describes the care of a woman who underwent CPB during pregnancy in which intermittent Doppler ultrasound was used to monitor uteroplacental blood flow.
Extracellular Matrix Regenerative Graft Attenuates the Negative Impact of Polypropylene Prolapse Mesh on Vagina in Rhesus Macaque
Authors: Liang Rui , Knight Katrina , Barone William , Powers Robert W. , Nolfi Alexis , Palcsey Stacy , Abramowitch Steven , Moalli Pamela A. 
Published: May 2017

(Abstracted from Am J Obstet Gynecol 2017;216:153.e1–153.e9)
Use of wide pore lightweight polypropylene mesh in an effort to improve anatomic outcomes in the surgical repair of prolapse has been associated with significant mesh-related complications. A widely used implanted polypropylene mesh (Gynemesh) has been shown to induce a host immune foreign-body response and degenerative changes in the vagina when implanted via sacrocolpopexy.
An Allometric Model of Remifentanil Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Authors: Eleveld Douglas J. , Proost Johannes H. , Vereecke Hugo , Absalom Anthony R. , Olofsen Erik , Vuyk Jaap , Struys Michel M. R. F. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Background
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models are used to predict and explore drug infusion schemes and their resulting concentration profiles for clinical application. Our aim was to develop a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for remifentanil that is accurate in patients with a wide range of age and weight.

Methods
Remifentanil pharmacokinetic data were obtained from three previously published studies of adults and children, one of which also contained pharmacodynamic data from adults. NONMEM was used to estimate allometrically scaled compartmental pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models. Weight, age, height, sex, and body mass index were explored as covariates. Predictive performance was measured across young children, children, young adults, middle-aged, and elderly.

Results
Overall, 2,634 remifentanil arterial concentration and 3,989 spectral-edge frequency observations from 131 individuals (55 male, 76 female) were analyzed. Age range was 5 days to 85 yr, weight range was 2.5 to 106 kg, and height range was 49 to 193 cm. The final pharmacokinetic model uses age, weight, and sex as covariates. Parameter estimates for a 35-yr-old, 70-kg male (reference individual) are: V1, 5.81 l; V2, 8.82 l; V3, 5.03 l; CL, 2.58 l/min; Q2, 1.72 l/min; and Q3, 0.124 l/min. Parameters mostly increased with fat-free mass and decreased with age. The pharmacodynamic model effect compartment rate constant (ke0) was 1.09 per minute (reference individual), which decreased with age.

Conclusions
We developed a pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model to predict remifentanil concentration and effect for a wide range of patient ages and weights. Performance exceeded the Minto model over a wide age and weight range.
Specific Skin Lesions of Sarcoidosis Located at Venipuncture Points for Blood Sample Collection
Authors: Marcoval Joaquim , Penín Rosa M. , Mañá Juan 
Published: May 2017

Abstract:
It has been suggested that the predilection of sarcoidosis to affect scars is due to the presence of antigens or foreign bodies that can serve as a stimulus for granuloma formation. Several patients with sarcoidosis-specific skin lesions in venous puncture sites have been reported. However, in these patients the pathogenesis of the cutaneous lesions is not clear because the presence of foreign bodies is not to be expected. Our objective was to describe 3 patients who developed specific lesions of sarcoidosis in areas of venipuncture and to discuss their possible pathogenesis. The database of the Sarcoid Clinic of Bellvitge Hospital (an 800-bed university referral center providing tertiary care to approximately 1 million people in Barcelona, Spain) was reviewed to detect those patients with specific cutaneous lesions of systemic sarcoidosis in areas of venipuncture. Three patients with biopsy-proven specific cutaneous lesions of systemic sarcoidosis in areas of venipuncture for blood collection were detected (3 women, mean age 56 years). In one case, the histopathological image shows the hypothetical path of a needle through the skin. In 2 cases, an amorphous birefringent material was detected under polarized light. This material was consistent with silicone. In patients who are developing sarcoidosis, the smallest amount of oil used as lubricant in the needle for sample blood collection may induce the formation of granulomas. In addition to exploring scars, it is advisable to explore the cubital folds to detect specific cutaneous lesions of sarcoidosis.
Decreasing Disparities in Child Development Assessment: Identifying and Discussing Possible Delays in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)
Authors: Zuckerman Katharine E. , Chavez Alison E. , Reeder Julie A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT:

Objective:
To assess how staff at the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) address potential developmental delays and parent developmental concerns in children <5 years.

Methods:
A Web-based survey of Oregon WIC staff in nonadministrative roles assessed staff interactions with parents regarding concerning child development/behavior, perceptions of connectedness with local developmental resources, and knowledge of typical child development.

Results:
Staff (N = 153) responses indicated knowledge of typical child development, frequent interactions with families about child development, and frequent noticing of developmental concerns. However, most staff reported being less than very well connected to developmental resources. Open-ended responses suggested that staff frequently make direct referrals to early intervention, public health nurses, and others who can further assess developmental concerns.

Conclusion:
Although it is outside the primary scope of their work, developmental and behavioral concerns are frequently raised and addressed by WIC staff. Findings suggest that strengthening the existing referral processes and enhancing continuity of care between WIC and developmental providers may improve child outcomes and reduce disparities.
Pharmacokinetics of Antibiotics in Sub-Saharan African Patient Populations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Bos Jeannet C. , van Hest Reinier M. , Prins Jan M. 
Published: May 2017

Background:
In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), severe febrile illness accounts for a large majority of medical admissions. SSA patients may also suffer from cachexia and organ dysfunction resulting from tuberculosis, hepatitis B, and hypertension. It is hard to tell how these conditions influence the pharmacokinetics (PK) of antibiotics in this population. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize antibiotic PK data of SSA adult patient populations to clarify whether inappropriate drug concentrations that may also lead to antimicrobial resistance are likely to occur.

Methods:
An electronic search was conducted in Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, and the African Index Medicus collecting studies from 1946 to May 2016. Reviewers independently selected studies reporting outcome data on volume of distribution (V), clearance, and half-life. Relevant information was abstracted and quality assessed.

Results:
Twelve studies were selected, addressing 6 antibiotic classes. There were 6 studies on fluoroquinolones and 1 on β-lactam antibiotics. Nine out of 12 originated from South Africa and 6 of those dealt with intensive care unit (ICU) populations. The quality of most studies was low. Studies on amikacin, teicoplanin, and ertapenem (n = 4) displayed a pattern of a large V with low drug concentrations. Fluoroquinolone PK changes were less prominent and more diverse whereas the probability of pharmacodynamic target attainment was low for the treatment of tuberculosis in South Africa. Interindividual variability of V was high for 10/12 studies.

Conclusions:
Antibiotic PK data of SSA adult patient populations are scarce, but disease-induced inappropriate drug concentrations do occur. Data from non–ICU, severely ill patients, and β-lactam data are particularly lacking, whereas β-lactam antibiotics are commonly used, and typically vulnerable to disease-induced PK changes. Studies investigating the PK and pharmacodynamics of β-lactam antibiotics in severely ill, adult SSA patient populations are needed to improve local antibiotic dosing strategies.
A Case of Keloids Complicated by Castleman’s Disease: Interleukin-6 as a Keloid Risk Factor
Authors: Quong Whitney L. , Kozai Yasuji , Ogawa Rei 
Published: May 2017

Summary:
Keloids are a manifestation of a fibroproliferative scarring disorder of the skin and develop in response to dermal injury in patients with a susceptible background. Local, systemic, and genetic factors contribute to keloid susceptibility. These factors include tension on the edges of the wound, hormonal influences, and ethnicity, respectively. Castleman’s disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that is characterized by the unregulated overproduction of interleukin-6, which leads to systemic lymphadenopathy and constitutional inflammatory symptoms. This case report shows that the bilateral auricular keloids of an adult woman were greatly exacerbated by the onset of Castleman’s disease. We present our multimodal management algorithm for auricular keloids, which involves core excision and radiation therapy and achieves excellent aesthetic outcomes. The current treatment pathway for auricular keloids and the possible relationship between interleukin-6 and keloid progression will be discussed.
The Relationship Between Weather and Objectively Measured Physical Activity Among Individuals With COPD
Authors: Balish Shea M. , Dechman Gail , Hernandez Paul , Spence John C. , Rhodes Ryan E. , McGannon Kerry , Blanchard Chris 
Published: May 2017

Purpose:
Although daily variation in weather impacts physical activity (PA) levels among relatively healthy individuals, it is largely unknown whether this relationship occurs for those living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The purpose of this study was to examine how daily variation in temperature, rain, and snow is related to objectively measured PA among patients with COPD, and whether demographic or clinical characteristics moderate these relationships.

Methods:
Patients with COPD completed a questionnaire and wore a pedometer for 7 days at baseline, end of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), and 3 and 9 months after completing PR (28 days in total).

Results:
Hierarchal linear modeling showed that daily mean temperature and total daily rainfall, but not snowfall, independently predicted steps/day, controlling for demographic and clinical covariates in 189 patients in PR. Specifically, an increase of 10°C translates into 316 more steps (6.6% of mean steps/day) whereas a rainfall of 10 mm translates to 175 less steps (3.6% of mean steps/day). Furthermore, those with higher income had more steps/day on warmer days.

Conclusions:
These results add to converging evidence that weather plays an important role in determining PA among individuals with COPD.
TWENTY-FOUR MONTH FOLLOW-UP OF TOCILIZUMAB THERAPY FOR REFRACTORY UVEITIS-RELATED MACULAR EDEMA
Authors: Mesquida Marina , Molins Blanca , Llorenç Victor , Hernández María V. , Espinosa Gerard , Sainz de la Maza Maite , Adán Alfredo 
Published: May 2017

Background:
To report the 24-month efficacy and safety of the interleukin-6 receptor antagonist tocilizumab (TCZ) for refractory uveitis-related macular edema (ME).

Methods:
Data were obtained by standardized chart review. Patients with quiescent uveitis seen at a single tertiary referral center, for whom ME was the principal cause of reduced visual acuity.

Outcome Measures:
Central foveal thickness measured by optical coherence tomography; degree of anterior and posterior chamber; inflammation (Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature Working Group criteria); and visual acuity (Snellen and logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) were recorded in all patients during TCZ therapy at months 1, 3, 6, 12, 18, and 24.

Results:
Sixteen eyes from 12 patients (10 women) were included. Mean age was 34.6 years. Mean duration of ME was 13.2 years. All patients achieved 24 months of follow-up and that is the census date for data collection. Before TCZ was commenced, ME was present, and all patients had been previously treated with immunosuppressive therapy and biologic agents. Uveitis diagnoses were juvenile idiopathic arthritis associated, uveitis (n = 6), birdshot chorioretinopathy (n = 2), idiopathic panuveitis (n = 2), sympathetic ophthalmia (n = 1), and ankylosing spondylitis (n = 1). Mean central foveal thickness (95%; confidence interval) was 516 ± 55 μm at baseline, improving to 274 ± 13 at Month 12 (P = 0.0004), and sustained at 274 ± 14 at Month 24 of follow-up (P = 0.00039). Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution best-corrected visual acuity improved from 0.78 ± 0.18 (Snellen 20/120 ± 20/30) at baseline to 0.42 ± 0.17 (20/52 ± 20/30) at Month 12 (P = 0.0001) and 0.40 ± 0.17 (20/50 ± 20/30) at Month 24 of follow-up (P = 0.0002). Tocilizumab therapy was withdrawn in 5 patients with sustained remission at Month 12 but in all, ME relapsed between 1 and 3 months after TCZ discontinuation. Rechallenge of TCZ infusions led to recovery of uveitis control and ME resolution. Two adverse events were reported during two 4-month follow-ups: one Grade 1 neutropenia and one community-acquired pneumonia.

Conclusion:
In this long-term study, TCZ was effective and had a comparable safety profile to published data for TCZ use in other indications, when used for the treatment of refractory uveitis-related ME.