bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Final report of CCQM-K130 nitrogen mass fraction measurements in glycine
Authors: Medvedevskikh Maria , Krasheninina Maria , do Rego Eliane C P , Wollinger Wagner , Monteiro Tânia M , de Carvalho Lucas J , Garcia Steve Ali Acco , Haraldsson Conny , Rodriguez M Alejandra , Rodriguez Gabriela , Salvo Karino , Gavrilkin Vladimir , Kulyk Sergij , Samuel Laly 
Published: January 2017

CCQM key comparison K-130 in the field of nitrogen mass fracton has been performed by the Inorganic Analysis Working Group (IAWG) of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM).
The aim of this key comparison CCQM-K130 is to support National Measurement Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) to demonstrate the validity of the procedures the employed for determination of nitrogen mass fraction in glycine. Mass fraction of nitrogen is very important pointer because the results of these measurements are often used for determination of protein mass fraction that is an important indicator of the quality of the vast majority of food products and raw materials, in particular dry milk powder. Proteins-enzymes catalyze chemical reactions, protein along with fats and carbohydrates is one of the indicators characterizing the energy value of food, so its definition is mandatory for all food products.
The study material for this key comparison has been selected to be representative as one of the aminoacid - the simplest part of the protein. Glycine is an amino acid, single acid that does not have any isomers (melting point -290 °C; specific heat of evaporation - 528,6 J/kg; specific melting heat - 981,1 J/kg; pKa - 2, 34, molar mass - 75,07 g/mol, density - 1,607 g/cm3).
Ural Scientific Research Institute for Metrology (UNIIM) acted as the coordinating laboratory of this comparison.
Nine NMIs participated in this key comparison and one NMI participated in Pilot study that was condacted in parallel.
Report A contains the results of key comparison and pilot study. The results of Pilot study were excluded from the Report B

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Genome-wide characterization of lncRNAs in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Lei Lijun , Xia Siyu , Liu Dan , Li Xiaoqing , Feng Jing , Zhu Yaqi , Hu Jun , Xia Linjian , Guo Lieping , Chen Fei , Cheng Hui , Chen Ke , Hu Hanyang , Chen Xiaohua , Li Feng , Zhong Shan , Mittal Nupur , Yang Guohua , Qian Zhijian , Han Leng , He Chunjiang 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a large family of noncoding RNAs that play a critical role in various normal bioprocesses as well as tumorigenesis. However, the expression patterns and biological functions of lncRNAs in acute leukemia have not been well studied. Here, we performed transcriptome-wide lncRNA expression profiling of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples, along with non-leukemia control hematopoietic samples. We found that lncRNAs were differentially expressed in AML samples relative to control samples. Notably, we identified that lncRNAs upregulated in AML (relative to the control samples) are associated with a lower degree of DNA methylation and a higher ratio of being bound by transcription factors such as SP1, STAT4, ATF-2 and ELK-1 compared with those downregulated in AML. Moreover, an enrichment of H3K4me3 and a depletion of H3K27me3 were observed in upregulated lncRNAs in AML. Expression patterns of three types of lncRNAs (antisense, enhancer and intergenic lncRNAs) have previously been characterized. Of the identified lncRNAs, we found that high expression level lncRNA LOC285758 is associated with the poor prognosis in AML patients. Furthermore, we found that LOC285758 regulates proliferation of AML cell lines by enhancing the expression of HDAC2, a key factor in carcinogenesis. Collectively, our study depicts a landscape of important lncRNAs in AML and provides novel potential therapeutic targets and prognostic markers for AML treatment.
Official American Thoracic Society/Infectious Diseases Society of America/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Clinical Practice Guidelines: Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Adults and Children
Authors: Lewinsohn David M. , Leonard Michael K. , LoBue Philip A. , Cohn David L. , Daley Charles L. , Desmond Ed , Keane Joseph , Lewinsohn Deborah A. , Loeffler Ann M. , Mazurek Gerald H. , O’Brien Richard J. , Pai Madhukar , Richeldi Luca , Salfinger Max , Shinnick Thomas M. , Sterling Timothy R. , Warshauer David M. , Woods Gail L. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background.
Individuals infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) may develop symptoms and signs of disease (tuberculosis disease) or may have no clinical evidence of disease (latent tuberculosis infection [LTBI]). Tuberculosis disease is a leading cause of infectious disease morbidity and mortality worldwide, yet many questions related to its diagnosis remain.

Methods.
A task force supported by the American Thoracic Society, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Infectious Diseases Society of America searched, selected, and synthesized relevant evidence. The evidence was then used as the basis for recommendations about the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease and LTBI in adults and children. The recommendations were formulated, written, and graded using the Grading, Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach.

Results.
Twenty-three evidence-based recommendations about diagnostic testing for latent tuberculosis infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, and extrapulmonary tuberculosis are provided. Six of the recommendations are strong, whereas the remaining 17 are conditional.

Conclusions.
These guidelines are not intended to impose a standard of care. They provide the basis for rational decisions in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in the context of the existing evidence. No guidelines can take into account all of the often compelling unique individual clinical circumstances.
T-Helper 17 Cell Cytokine Responses in Lyme Disease Correlate With Borrelia burgdorferi Antibodies During Early Infection and With Autoantibodies Late in the Illness in Patients With Antibiotic-Refractory Lyme Arthritis
Authors: Strle Klemen , Sulka Katherine B. , Pianta Annalisa , Crowley Jameson T. , Arvikar Sheila L. , Anselmo Anthony , Sadreyev Ruslan , Steere Allen C. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Background.
Control of Lyme disease is attributed predominantly to innate and adaptive T-helper 1 cell (TH1) immune responses, whereas the role of T-helper 17 cell (TH17) responses is less clear. Here we characterized these inflammatory responses in patients with erythema migrans (EM) or Lyme arthritis (LA) to elucidate their role early and late in the infection.

Methods.
Levels of 21 cytokines and chemokines, representative of innate, TH1, and TH17 immune responses, were assessed by Luminex in acute and convalescent sera from 91 EM patients, in serum and synovial fluid from 141 LA patients, and in serum from 57 healthy subjects. Antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi or autoantigens were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results.
Compared with healthy subjects, EM patients had significantly higher levels of innate, TH1, and TH17-associated mediators (P ≤ .05) in serum. In these patients, the levels of inflammatory mediators, particularly TH17-associated cytokines, correlated directly with B. burgdorferi immunoglobulin G antibodies (P ≤ .02), suggesting a beneficial role for these responses in control of early infection. Late in the disease, in patients with LA, innate and TH1-associated mediators were often &gt;10-fold higher in synovial fluid than serum. In contrast, the levels of TH17-associated mediators were more variable, but correlated strongly with autoantibodies to endothelial cell growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 10, and apolipoprotein B-100 in joints of patients with antibiotic-refractory LA, implying a shift in TH17 responses toward an autoimmune phenotype.

Conclusions.
Patients with Lyme disease often develop pronounced TH17 immune responses that may help control early infection. However, late in the disease, excessive TH17 responses may be disadvantageous by contributing to autoimmune responses associated with antibiotic-refractory LA.
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy using two static ports of tomotherapy for breast cancer after conservative surgery: dosimetric comparison with other treatment methods and 3-year clinical results
Authors: Nagai Aiko , Shibamoto Yuta , Yoshida Masanori , Inoda Koji , Kikuchi Yuzo 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This study investigated the differences in dose–volume parameters for the breast and normal tissues during TomoDirectTM (TD) intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), TD-3D conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) and 3DCRT plans, all using two beams, and analyzed treatment outcomes of two-beam TD-IMRT for breast cancer after breast-conserving surgery. Between August 2011 and January 2015, 152 patients were treated using two-beam TD-IMRT with 50 Gy/25 fractions. Among them, 20 patients with left-sided breast cancer were randomly chosen, and two-beam TD-IMRT, TD-3DCRT and 3DCRT plans were created for each patient. The homogeneity and conformity indices and various dose–volume parameters for the planning target volume and OARs were evaluated. Clinical outcomes were evaluated at 3 years. Toxicities were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 4.0. TD-IMRT and TD-3DCRT showed better whole-breast coverage than 3DCRT (P &lt; 0.001). Most of the mean values of dosimetric endpoints for OARs were better in TD-IMRT than in TD-3DCRT and 3DCRT. Overall survival rates were 97.7% and local control rates were 99.1% at 3 years. Regional control and distant metastasis control rates at 3 years were 98.6% and 96.8%, respectively. Twenty-four of the 152 patients had Grade 2 or higher acute radiation dermatitis. Four patients (4/146 = 2.7%) had Grade 2 radiation pneumonitis. There were no late adverse events of Grade 2 or higher. Two-beam TD-IMRT appeared to yield better dose distribution for whole-breast external-beam radiation therapy than TD-3DCRT and two-beam 3DCRT. The treatment appeared to provide low skin toxicity and acceptable tumor control.
Differences in sustained alterations in protein expression between livers of mice exposed to high-dose-rate and low-dose-rate radiation
Authors: Nakajima Tetsuo , Wang Bing , Ono Tetsuya , Uehara Yoshihiko , Nakamura Shingo , Ichinohe Kazuaki , Braga-Tanaka Ignacia , Tanaka Satoshi , Tanaka Kimio , Nenoi Mitsuru 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMolecular mechanisms of radiation dose-rate effects are not well understood. Among many possibilities, long-lasting sustained alterations in protein levels would provide critical information. To evaluate sustained effects after acute and chronic radiation exposure, we analyzed alterations in protein expression in the livers of mice. Acute exposure consisted of a lethal dose of 8 Gy and a sublethal dose of 4 Gy, with analysis conducted 6 days and 3 months after irradiation, respectively. Chronic irradiation consisted of a total dose of 8 Gy delivered over 400 days (20 mGy/day). Analyses following chronic irradiation were done immediately and at 3 months after the end of the exposure. Based on antibody arrays of protein expression following both acute lethal and sublethal dose exposures, common alterations in the expression of two proteins were detected. In the sublethal dose exposure, the expression of additional proteins was altered 3 months after irradiation. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the increase in one of the two commonly altered proteins, MyD88, was observed around blood vessels in the liver. The alterations in protein expression after chronic radiation exposure were different from those caused by acute radiation exposures. Alterations in the expression of proteins related to inflammation and apoptosis, such as caspase 12, were observed even at 3 months after the end of the chronic radiation exposure. The alterations in protein expression depended on the dose, the dose rate, and the passage of time after irradiation. These changes could be involved in long-term effects of radiation in the liver.
Diversity Within the Psychotic Continuum
Authors: Luhrmann T. M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
There has been great interest in the hallucination-like events experienced by the general nonclinical population. Many psychiatric scientists have come to identify these as part of a “psychotic continuum” and have begun to ask what we might learn from these experiences that will enable us to better understand and treat psychosis. While sympathetic to this goal, this paper argues that many of these events in the nonclinical population may be associated with the attention to inner imagery characteristic of much religious practice like unscripted prayer. Many of these hallucination-like events are phenomenologically distinct, culturally salient, and are predicted both by a measure of absorption, which probes for an interest in inner imagery, and by inner sense cultivation practice. These observations suggest that rare, brief, and positive sensory events may not be associated with psychotic vulnerability. They also suggest there may be an absorption-dissociation pathway, with or without trauma, for more frequent hallucinations.
A “Resident-as-Teacher” Curriculum Using a Flipped Classroom Approach: Can a Model Designed for Efficiency Also Be Effective?
Authors: Chokshi Binny D. , Schumacher Heidi K. , Reese Kristen , Bhansali Priti , Kern Jeremy R. , Simmens Samuel J. , Blatt Benjamin , Greenberg Larrie W. 
Published: January 2017

Problem
The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education requires training that enhances resident teaching skills. Despite this requirement, many residency training programs struggle to implement effective resident-as-teacher (RAT) curricula, particularly within the context of the 80-hour resident workweek.

Approach
In 2013, the authors developed and evaluated an intensive one-day RAT curriculum using a flipped classroom approach. Twenty-nine second-year residents participated in daylong RAT sessions. The curriculum included four 1-hour workshops focusing on adult learning principles, giving feedback, teaching a skill, and orienting a learner. Each workshop, preceded by independent reading, featured peer co-teaching, application, and feedback. The authors evaluated the curriculum using pre- and postworkshop objective structured teaching examinations (OSTEs) and attitudinal and self-efficacy teaching questionnaires.

Outcomes
Residents demonstrated statistically significant improvements in performance between pre- and postworkshop OSTEs on each of three core skills: giving feedback (P = .005), orienting a learner (P < .001), and teaching a skill (P < .001). Residents expressed positive attitudes surrounding teaching on the retrospective pre–post attitudinal instrument (P < .001) and rated themselves as more effective teachers (P < .001) after the training.

Next Steps
The authors have demonstrated that the flipped classroom approach is an efficient and effective method for training residents to improve teaching skills, especially in an era of work hour restrictions. They have committed to the continuation of this curriculum and are planning to include assessment of its long-term effects on resident behavior change and educational outcomes.
Implementing an Entrustable Professional Activities Framework in Undergraduate Medical Education: Early Lessons From the AAMC Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency Pilot
Authors: Lomis Kimberly , Amiel Jonathan M. , Ryan Michael S. , Esposito Karin , Green Michael , Stagnaro-Green Alex , Bull Janet , Mejicano George C. 
Published: January 2017

In 2014, the Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) published a list of 13 Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency (Core EPAs) that medical school graduates might be expected to perform, without direct supervision, on the first day of residency. Soon after, the AAMC commissioned a five-year pilot with 10 medical schools across the United States, seeking to implement the Core EPA framework to improve the transition from undergraduate to graduate medical education.
In this article, the pilot team presents the organizational structure and early results of collaborative efforts to provide guidance to other institutions planning to implement the Core EPA framework. They describe the aims, timeline, and organization of the pilot as well as findings to date regarding the concepts of entrustment, assessment, curriculum development, and faculty development. On the basis of their experiences over the first two years of the pilot, the authors offer a set of guiding principles for institutions intending to implement the Core EPA framework. They also discuss the impact of the pilot, its limitations, and next steps, as well as how the pilot team is engaging the broader medical education community. They encourage ongoing communication across institutions to capitalize on the expertise of educators to tackle challenges related to the implementation of this novel approach and to generate common national standards for entrustment. The Core EPA pilot aims to better prepare medical school graduates for their professional duties at the beginning of residency with the ultimate goal of improving patient care.
Finding a Path to Entrustment in Undergraduate Medical Education: A Progress Report From the AAMC Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency Entrustment Concept Group
Authors: Brown David R. , Warren Jamie B. , Hyderi Abbas , Drusin Ronald E. , Moeller Jeremy , Rosenfeld Melvin , Orlander Philip R. , Yingling Sandra , Call Stephanie , Terhune Kyla , Bull Janet , Englander Robert , Wagner Dianne P. 
Published: January 2017

Problem
To better prepare graduating medical students to transition to the professional responsibilities of residency, 10 medical schools are participating in an Association of American Medical Colleges pilot to evaluate the feasibility of explicitly teaching and assessing 13 Core Entrustable Professional Activities for Entering Residency. The authors focused on operationalizing the concept of entrustment as part of this process.

Approach
Starting in 2014, the Entrustment Concept Group, with representatives from each of the pilot schools, guided the development of the structures and processes necessary for formal entrustment decisions associated with students’ increased responsibilities at the start of residency.

Outcomes
Guiding principles developed by the group recommend that formal, summative entrustment decisions in undergraduate medical education be made by a trained group, be based on longitudinal performance assessments from multiple assessors, and incorporate day-to-day entrustment judgments by workplace supervisors. Key to entrustment decisions is evidence that students know their limits (discernment), can be relied on to follow through (conscientiousness), and are forthcoming despite potential personal costs (truthfulness), in addition to having the requisite knowledge and skills. The group constructed a developmental framework for discernment, conscientiousness, and truthfulness to pilot a model for transparent entrustment decision making.

Next Steps
The pilot schools are studying a number of questions regarding the pathways to and decisions about entrustment. This work seeks to inform meaningful culture change in undergraduate medical education through a shared understanding of the assessment of trust and a shared trust in that assessment.
Chronic Lateral Epicondylalgia Does Not Exhibit Mechanical Pain Modulation in Response to Noxious Conditioning Heat Stimulus
Authors: Lim Edwin Choon Wyn , Sterling Michele , Vicenzino Bill 
Published: January 2017

Objectives:
The impaired attenuation of pain by the application of a noxious conditioning stimulus at a segmentally distinct site, known as conditioned pain modulation (CPM), has been implicated in clinical pain states. Chronic lateral epicondylalgia (LE), which is characterized by lower pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) at sites remote to the affected elbow and spinal cord hyperexcitability, is a clinical pain state that might plausibly involve less efficacious CPM. This study aimed to determine whether LE exhibits a less efficacious CPM compared with that in pain-free controls.

Results:
Results: Twenty participants with LE, aged 50.7 years (SD=7.05) and who had their condition for 10.2 months (range: 2 to 80 mo), were matched by age and sex to 22 pain-free participants. All participants indicated their PPT over the lateral epicondyle(s) before and during a conditioning noxious heat stimulus that was applied over the calf. A CPM score was calculated as the difference between the PPT before and during the heat pain-conditioning stimulus expressed as a percentage of PPT before the heat pain-conditioning stimulus. The condition (LE vs. control) by side (affected vs. unaffected) analysis of variance revealed a significant condition effect (P=0.001), but not side effect (P=0.192) or side-by-condition interaction effect (P=0.951). Follow-up tests for the effect of condition revealed a mean deficit in CPM of −24.5% (95% confidence interval, −38.0 to −11.0) in LE compared with that in pain-free participants.

Discussion:
The results that suggest an impaired ability to modulate pain might be associated with the previously observed spinal cord hyperexcitability and the mechanical hyperalgesia that characterizes LE.
Proinflammatory Cytokines Mediate GPCR Dysfunction
Authors: Mohan Maradumane L. , Vasudevan Neelakantan T. , Naga Prasad Sathyamangla V. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract:
Proinflammatory reaction by the body occurs acutely in response to injury that is considered primarily beneficial. However, sustained proinflammatory cytokines observed with chronic pathologies such as metabolic syndrome, cancer, and arthritis are detrimental and in many cases is a major cardiovascular risk factor. Proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) have long been implicated in cardiovascular risk and considered to be a major underlying cause for heart failure (HF). The failure of the anti-TNFα therapy for HF indicates our elusive understanding on the dichotomous role of proinflammatory cytokines on acutely beneficial effects versus long-term deleterious effects. Despite these well-described observations, less is known about the mechanistic underpinnings of proinflammatory cytokines especially TNFα in pathogenesis of HF. Increasing evidence suggests the existence of an active cross-talk between the TNFα receptor signaling and G-protein–coupled receptors such as β-adrenergic receptor (βAR). Given that βARs are the key regulators of cardiac function, the review will discuss the current state of understanding on the role of proinflammatory cytokine TNFα in regulating βAR function.