bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The clock‐associated LUX ARRHYTHMO regulates high‐affinity nitrate transport in Arabidopsis roots
Authors: Porco Silvana , Yu Shi , Liang Tong , Snoeck Christophe , Hermans Christian , Kay Steve A. 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYThe circadian clock organizes physiological processes in plants to occur at specific times of the day, optimizing efficient use of resources. Nitrate is a crucial inorganic nitrogen source for agricultural systems to sustain crop productivity. However, because nitrate fertilization has a negative impact on the environment, it is important to carefully manage nitrate levels. Understanding crop biological rhythms can lead to more ecologically friendly agricultural practices. Gating responses through the circadian clock could be a strategy to enhance root nitrate uptake and to limit nitrate runoff. In Arabidopsis, the NITRATE TRANSPORTER 2.1 (NRT2.1) gene encodes a key component of the high‐affinity nitrate transporter system. Our study reveals that NRT2.1 exhibits a rhythmic expression pattern, with daytime increases and nighttime decreases. The NRT2.1 promoter activity remains rhythmic under constant light, indicating a circadian regulation. The clock‐associated transcription factor LUX ARRHYTHMO (LUX) binds to the NRT2.1 promoter in vivo. Loss‐of‐function of LUX leads to increased NRT2.1 transcript levels and root nitrate uptake at dusk. This supports LUX acting as a transcriptional repressor and modulating NRT2.1 expression in a time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, applying nitrate at different times of the day results in varying magnitudes of the transcriptional response in nitrate‐regulated genes. We also demonstrate that a defect in the high‐affinity nitrate transport system feeds back to the central oscillator by modifying the LUX promoter activity. In conclusion, this study uncovers a molecular pathway connecting the root nitrate uptake and circadian clock, with potential agro‐chronobiological applications.
Clinical Analysis of 32 Cases of Subglottic Benign Airway Stenosis Treated With Montgomery T Silicone Stent
Authors: Yang Zhenyu , Zhou Xiaoli , Pan Wenying , Zeng Daxiong , Jiang Junhong 
Published: October 2024

Objective: To explore the complications of long‐term placement of Montgomery T silicone stent (T-tube) in the treatment of subglottic benign airway stenosis (SBAS) and the timing of successful T-tube removal.Methods: We retrospectively collected the clinical data of 32 patients with SBAS who underwent the treatment of T-tube and analyzed their placement and successful removal of the T-tube.Results: There were 22 males and 10 females, aged from 21 to 79 years (60.9 ± 13.7 years). The T-tubes were successfully placed in all 32 patients, and 6 patients (18.8%) with mild stenosis were placed by the intravenous conscious sedation. The longest follow‐up period was 60.4 months, and 17 patients (53.1%) had the T-tubes for more than 12 months; 5 patients (15.6%) were changed to the tracheostomy cannula after unplanned removal of the T-tubes for various reasons; the T-tubes were successfully removed in 9 patients (28.1%), and the duration of T-tubes placement was 5.2–22.7 months (12.1 ± 6.3 months), among them anatomical stenosis in 9 patients (100%). Secretion retention was observed in 32 patients (100%), granulation tissue hyperplasia was observed in 9 patients (28.1%), and the normal ventilation was not affected in most patients by bronchoscopic treatment and follow‐up; the T-tubes were removed in 3 patients due to severe complications. There was no significant difference in the incidences of secretion retention and granulation tissue hyperplasia between the time point at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months, p > 0.05. In patients with T-tube more than 12 months, the severity of secretion retention at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 12 months was significantly different, p < 0.05, however, there was no significant difference in the severity of granulation tissue hyperplasia, p > 0.05.Conclusions: T-tube is safe and effective in the treatment of SBAS. The severity of secretion retention increased in patients with long‐term placement of the T-tube. For patients with mild stenosis and anatomical stenosis, the T-tube removal can be attempted at about 1 year of follow‐up.
A Family Report of Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis
Authors: Fatih Mohammed Taib , Saleh Renaz Sabir , Mahmood Mohammed Khalid , Noori Zana Fuad , Kurda Handren Ameer , Abdulghafor Mohammed Aso 
Published: October 2024

Background: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare hereditary condition characterized by abnormal enlargement of the gingival tissue with a variable clinical manifestation. Typically, the hyperplastic gingiva is normal in color and consistency, and the tendency of bleeding is minimal. The swelling may be limited to a particular location or generalized over the whole gingiva. Usually, the symptoms appear during and after the eruption of permanent dentition. Gingival proliferation in HGF causes a variety of esthetic and practical issues. Depending on the size and intensity of the overgrowth, speech and chewing may be impaired. Moreover, diastema and prolonged primary dentition retention may occur.Case Reports: This article describes the identification, management, and treatment approaches of four cases affecting a Syrian family who lived in Arbat refugee camp in Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan, Iraq.Conclusion: Proliferative fibrous outgrowth of the gingival tissue, with different degrees of involvement, is a hallmark of HGF. Surgery is frequently necessary to restore function and appearance, though varying degrees of recurrence is anticipated. Nonetheless, the psychological advantages of cosmetic improvement exceed the dangers of recurrence by a wide margin, especially in teenagers.
Myxedema Coma as a Presentation of Panhypopituitarism Secondary to Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Rivas-Otero Diego , González-Vidal Tomás , Pujante Alarcón Pedro , Delgado Álvarez Elías , Menéndez Torre Edelmiro 
Published: October 2024

Background/Objective: Myxedema coma typically presents with decreased level of consciousness and hypothermia, often due to thyroid pathology. In central causes, normal thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels may delay diagnosis. The purpose of this report is to describe a patient with a history of head trauma who presented with myxedema coma as a manifestation of panhypopituitarism.Case Report: The admitted patient was a 52‐year‐old man who presented with mental and physical slowness, drowsiness, and weakness. He also had hypotension, hypoglycemia, and low oxygen saturation. Initial evaluation revealed severe pericardial and bilateral pleural effusions, plasma TSH of 2.42 mU/L (normal range 0.25–5.00 mU/L), and plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) of 7.1 pg/mL (normal range 5.2–40.3 pg/mL). Later, his condition deteriorated with anasarca and coma. Signs of improvement were noted after intravenous corticosteroid administration. A subsequent blood test was conducted, which showed a free thyroxine (FT4) level of 0.14 ng/dL (normal range 0.93–1.70 ng/dL). A cranial magnetic resonance scan revealed posttraumatic lesions. The patient’s family later admitted head injuries at home. Treatment with intravenous levothyroxine was initiated, resulting in improvement and subsequent discharge in perfect alertness.Conclusion: Hypopituitarism should be suspected in patients with head trauma and symptoms of hormone deficiency. Advanced clinical forms, such as myxedema coma, may also occur. Pituitary hormone levels might be in the normal range, so target gland hormones should be assessed to reach a diagnosis. In the case of suspected central hypothyroidism, requesting only TSH levels may result in a missed diagnosis. For this reason, both TSH and FT4 levels should be measured when central hypothyroidism is suspected.
Online Learning in Dental Education: Comparison of Perspectives of Lecturers and Undergraduate Students Between a Public and Private University: A Mixed‐Method Study
Authors: Ching Yung Kwek , Kah Lok Liong , Md Sabri Budi Aslinie , Pullishery Fawaz , Bilal Sobia , Gopinath Divya 
Published: October 2024

Objective: This study aimed to assess the undergraduates’ and lecturers’ perspectives on the implementation of online learning and to compare perspectives between private and public universities.Materials and methods: The study followed a mixed‐method design and involved dental undergraduates and lecturers from two study settings in Malaysia: International Medical University (IMU), a private university, and Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), a public university. All undergraduates and lecturers were invited to complete an online questionnaire with evaluative statements regarding three domains: handling, didactic benefit, motivation, and an overall assessment. The comparison of perception between the private and public universities was analyzed using Mann–Whitney test. Focus group discussions (FGDs) were carried out for undergraduates and lecturers. Each FGD consisted of six people. The audio‐recorded conversations were transcribed verbatim.Results: Mean scores of perceptions regarding the domains, handling, and motivation were higher among undergraduates from public universities (p  < 0.05), while there were no differences for the didactic domain. There was no difference in perception of any of the three domains between private and public university lecturers. Mean scores for perceptions on the optimal amount of online learning in the future domains were higher among undergraduates from a public university (p  < 0.05), while lecturers’ perceptions showed no difference. Thematic analysis of FGDs revealed that both groups from private and public universities felt that flexibility and a student‐centered approach are the advantages of online learning. The inadequacy to cover the entire curriculum and lack of student engagement and interaction were highlighted as limitations.Conclusion: Regardless of the university background, the undergraduates and lecturers were able to adjust to the online learning environment, which mainly reflected a positive perspective on the implementation of online learning. There were modest differences in the perceptions of dental undergraduates between private and public universities, while the perception of the lecturers did not show any difference.
Caracterização e funcionalidade de indivíduos atendidos em uma unidade de AVC do planalto norte de Santa Catarina (Brasil)
Authors: Costa Adriélle da , Steclan Chelin  Auswaldt , Reimann Junior Oscar , Peres Daniele , Liu Jonathan Wei Ting Wen , Buffara Leonardo Trindade , Lang Michael  Ricardo 
Published: October 2024

Introdução: O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) reconhecido como uma das doenças crônicas mais incapacitantes, afeta não apenas o indivíduo, mas também sua família e sociedade. O percentual de indivíduos que permanecem com incapacidades funcionais varia conforme acesso aos serviços de saúde, qualidade do atendimento e práticas de prevenção secundária. Entre abordagens de tratamento, as Unidades de AVC (U-AVC) têm demonstrado avanços significativos no prognóstico, com redução de 18% na mortalidade, 25% na institucionalização e 29% na dependência funcional. Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil epidemiológico, clínico e funcional de indivíduos hospitalizados em U-AVC após AVC isquêmico. Métodos: Foram coletados dados sociodemográficos, etiologia, gravidade do AVC e funcionalidade por meio dos testes: Acute Stroke Treatment (TOAST), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Medida de Independência Funcional (MIF) e Escala Modificada de Rankin, no hospital, 30 e 60 dias após AVC, via contato telefônico. Resultados: 73 pacientes identificados, 44 participaram do estudo. Destes, 79,5% tinham mais de 61 anos; 56,8% homens, 88,6% raça branca; 84% escolaridade fundamental incompleta, 77% possuíam renda de até um salário mínimo e 79,5% frequentavam o posto de saúde. Clinicamente, 96% apresentavam fatores de risco modificáveis. Infartos de origem cardioembólica, somados aos de etiologia indeterminada foram as principais causas (68%). A proporção de pacientes com AVC leve foi minoritária (5%), e apenas 9% foram elegíveis para a terapia trombolítica. As principais razões para a perda da janela terapêutica foram a falha na identificação do AVC pelos familiares (34%) e a demora na transferência dos municípios para a U-AVC (18%); ambos fatores juntos somaram mais 12%. Na MIF total, 54% dos pacientes eram dependentes completos, 39% dependentes moderados e 7% independentes. Na MIF motora, 70% eram dependentes completos, 23% dependentes moderados e 7% independentes. Quanto à evolução funcional, na alta, 82% eram dependentes, ou seja, apresentavam incapacidade severa; após 30 dias, 57% já deambulavam de forma independente, e sete indivíduos foram a óbito; após 60 dias, 27% tinham incapacidade insignificante, 29% incapacidade moderada, 23% incapacidade severa, e houve um óbito. Conclusão: Destacou-se a presença de fatores de risco modificáveis e significativa perda da janela terapêutica, possivelmente devido à demora na identificação do AVC e transferência para a U-AVC. Positivamente, observou-se melhora progressiva no status funcional da população sob cuidados da U-AVC. Os achados permitem elucidar as características dos indivíduos pós-AVC e levantam questões que podem ser abordadas por políticas públicas de educação em saúde e intervenções regionais.
Giving Effect to Freedom of Religion through the Advancement of Religion? A New Zealand Charity Law Perspective
Authors: Chevalier-Watts Juliet 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The legal frameworks of the human right to freedom of religion and the charity law doctrine of the advancement of religion sit at opposite ends of the legal scale by virtue, inter alia, of the former being a right that protects against a social injustice and the latter being a discretionary benefit bestowed upon beneficiaries and even that discretionary benefit is governed by stringent charity law principles. Consequently, it may be seen that the discretionary benefits bestowed by the advancement of religion might be at odds to the right to freedom of religion. As a result, this article considers whether the advancement of religion can give effect to the freedom of religion, and if not, whether any such limitations may be justified in a democratic society. Thus, this article explores a number of key legal issues pertaining to religion through the charity law lens from a New Zealand perspective, and in doing so, sheds some light on the relationship between the freedom of religion and the advancement of religion.
A Unique Assemblage of Roman Handmade/Slow Wheel-Made Pottery at Tamuda (Tetouan, Morocco): Provenance, Production Technology, and Archaeological Implications
Authors: Fantuzzi Leandro , Bernal-Casasola Darío , Cau-Ontiveros Miguel Ángel , Bustamante-Álvarez Macarena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A study of a 2nd century AD assemblage of handmade/slow wheel-made cooking wares, found at the Roman settlement of Tamuda (Tetouan, Morocco) is presented. Such ceramics are rare in Early-Middle Roman Imperial contexts of the western Mediterranean. A combined typological and archaeometric approach – including petrographic, mineralogical, and chemical analyses – was carried out to study this assemblage, aiming to examine the hypothesis of a local or regional provenance and to shed light on its production technology. The results indicate the existence of a diversity of products, including a fabric that was likely locally manufactured, as well as other imported fabrics that point to micro-regional distribution or trade of some of these wares. This research is a significant contribution towards a better understanding of the handmade/slow wheel-made pottery that was produced and consumed in the northern Moroccan Rif in the Roman period.
Co-creation of a step-by-step guide for specifying the test-management pathway to formulate focused guideline questions about healthcare related tests
Authors: Tuut Mariska K. , Gopalakrishna Gowri , Leeflang Mariska M. , Bossuyt Patrick M. , van der Weijden Trudy , Burgers Jako S. , Langendam Miranda W. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Guideline development on testing is known to be difficult for guideline developers. It requires consideration of various aspects, such as accuracy, purpose of testing, and consequences on management and people-important outcomes. This can be outlined in a test-management pathway. We aimed to create and user-test a step-by-step guide for guideline developers for designing a test-management pathway.

Methods
Developmental design with a co-creative strategy. We created a draft step-by-step guide, that was user tested in a workshop with 19 experts, and by interviewing 7 guideline panel members.

Results
Our proposed guide consists of five blocks of signalling questions: patients/population, index test(s), current practice/comparison/control, people-important outcomes, and the link between testing and outcome(s). The user testing led to refinement of the signalling questions, the use of inclusive terminology, and addition of a test-management pathway figure with detailed explanation.

Conclusions
The step-by-step guide for formulating focused guideline questions regarding healthcare related testing can help in identifying relevant characteristics of the population, tests, and outcomes and to create a test management pathway. This should facilitate the formulation of evidence-based guideline recommendations about healthcare related testing.
In vitro determination of genotoxicity and cytotoxicity induced by stainless steel brackets with and without surface coating in cultures of oral mucosal cells
Authors: Ahuja Dhruv , Jose Nidhin Philip , Kamal Rozy , Panduranga Vinaya , Nambiar Supriya , Isloor Arun M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Orthodontics is a speciality of dentistry that uses a plethora of devices made from myriad materials to manage various malocclusions. Prolonged contact of orthodontic appliances with oral tissues can lead to cellular damage, highlighting the need for biocompatible materials to mitigate health risks.

Objectives
To analyze the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity produced by metal brackets and coated metallic brackets with polymeric and nanoparticle coatings in oral mucosal cells.

Materials & methods
The current study compares the toxicity of 3 different types of orthodontic brackets with control groups of oral mucosal cells. Each of the three treatment groups consisted of 10 samples of orthodontic brackets: stainless steel brackets(Group 1), nanoparticle-coated brackets(Group 2), and polymeric-coated brackets(Group 3) exposed to corrosion eluates employing an oral biomimicry model. Two types of oral mucosal cells- Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Buccal Epithelial Cells were used to study the cytotoxic and/or genotoxic effects of the elutes. Intergroup comparisons were conducted using one-way analysis of variance, while scanning electron microscopy evaluated surface characteristic.

Results
The interaction between metal ions and oral mucosal cells showed no statistically significant difference for toxicity assays between the three groups(p > 0.005). However, polymeric and nanoparticle-coated groups showed reduced cellular differentiation when compared with conventional stainless-steel brackets.

Conclusion
This in-vitro study shows that polymeric or nanoparticle coating of conventional metal brackets aids in enhancing corrosion-resistant characteristics of orthodontic appliances and reduces the toxic oral environment created by metal release in the oral cavity.
Individual, community and health systems factors influencing time to notification of tuberculosis: situating software and hardware bottlenecks in local health systems
Authors: Chilala Sandra Beauty , Silumbwe Adam , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Tetui Moses , Bulawayo Maio , Chewe Mwimba , Hangoma Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Despite several global interventions, tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of death affecting millions of people globally. Many TB patients either have no access to quality care or go undetected by national health systems. Several multilevel factors account for under-detection of persons with TB. This study sought to explore patient-related software, community and health systems software and hardware factors influencing time to notification of TB in Lusaka District, Zambia.

Methods
This was an exploratory qualitative case study that adopted a software and hardware lens of conceptualizing health systems. Data were collected from across three sites – urban and peri-urban areas: Chongwe, Kafue, and Lusaka – within Lusaka Province, Zambia. Sixteen key informants - TB corner nurses, community TB treatment supporters, and TB program managers - were interviewed. Six focus groups were held with TB patients. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
The study identified factors influencing timely TB notification, categorized into software and hardware elements.
Patient-related software elements, including TB knowledge and awareness, and health-seeking behavior, are crucial for prompt notification among TB patients.
In the community health system, software elements like social stigma and undesirable community attitudes towards contact tracing, and hardware elements such as unbalanced schedules, excessive workload and limited capacity of community TB treatment supporters contribute to delayed TB notification.
In the formal health system, software elements like negative attitudes of health providers towards TB patients and demotivation of TB staff, and hardware elements such as high diagnostics and transportation costs, outdated diagnostics in primary care facilities, and slow referral mechanisms, can also delay TB notification.

Conclusion
Delays in time to TB notification are influenced by a combination of software (attitudinal and behavioral) and hardware (resource-related) elements across TB patients, community health systems, community TB treatment supporters, health providers, and TB staff. Addressing these factors, particularly social stigma, negative attitudes, and resource constraints, is crucial to improving timely TB detection and treatment.