bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From the Editor
Authors: Bozkurt Prof. Dr. Tulay 
Published: April 2017

Message from EditorÂ Dear Readers,Â It is a great honor for us to publish sixth volume, third issue of Global Journal of Psychology Research.Global Journal of Psychology Research welcomes original empirical investigations and comprehensive literature review articles focusing on psychological issues. The mission of the journal is to publish articles of professional interest for members of psychology. The scope of the journal includes, but is not limited to; the following major areas of psychology science including Clinical Psychology, Developmental Psychology, Social Psychology, Experimental Psychology, Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Traffic Psychology, Forensic Psychology, Psychometric Psychology, Sports Psychology, Health Psychology, Educational Psychology, Media Psychology and Neuroscience Psychology.Articles focusing on giftedness and autism, burnout, well-being, social media use and academic achievement, family conflict, trauma and culture have been included in this issue. The topics of the next issue will be different. You can make sure that we will be trying to serve you with our journal with a rich knowledge in which different kinds of topics are discussed in 2016 Volume.A total number of sixteen (16) manuscripts were submitted for this issue and each paper has been subjected to double-blind peer review process by the reviewers specialized in the related field. At the end of the review process, a total number of seven (7) high quality research papers were selected and accepted for publication.Â We present many thanks to all the contributors who helped us to publish this issue.Â Best regards,Prof. Dr. Tulay Bozkurt Editor â€“ in Chief
Pollen grains and seed-morphology as related to Biochemical Patterns in five species of genus Ocimum L (Lamiaceae Juss.) of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Kasem Wael Taha 
Published: April 2017

<p>This study aims to investigate the pollen and seed characters by light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) as related to biochemical data of seed protein and esterase isoenzymes by SDS-PAGE technique in the five Saudi Arabian <em>Ocimum</em> L. species. The detailed description for pollen and seed in addition electrophoretic patterns were conducted by means of numerical analyses based on thirty-nine parameters. The pollen grains were zonocolpate, hexacolpate, prolate to subprolate. Three types of exine ornamentation were recognized, perforate, reticulate and granulate. Also, The periclinal, the anticlinal and the boundaries between cells are described by the aid of SEM which exhibited four main distinct types of nutlets sculpture undulate, quirky, circular and straight. Molecular patterns of protein profiles and esterase (EC.3.1.1.1) showed that esterase could be considered as positive markers than protein, minimum and maximum gene / gene expression of esterase isoenzymes are demonstrated. The relationships between the studied taxa were demonstrated as a phenogram. </p>
A Comparative Electrochemical Behaviour Study of p-nitrophenol Using GC and Pt Electrode
Authors: Gupta Sangita 
Published: April 2017

<div><p><em>The work reports a comparative electrochemical behavior study of p-nitrophenol using GC and Pt electrode. For this purpose, Cyclic Voltammetry was employed, where the redox mechanisms could be compared for reduction processes of p-nitrophenol by analysis of the voltammetric responses. Voltammetric curves of p-nitrophenol in aqueous-methanol medium on different pH using B.R. buffer for various concentrations (0.05mM, 0.1 mM, 0.15mM, 0.2mM) and scan rates at GC and Pt electrode was obtained. The very complicated reduction of p-nitrophenol revealed three reduction peaks out of which two peaks are irreversible and one peak is reversible.</em></p><p>Equation 1</p><p>HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2 </sub>+ e<sup>-</sup> HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub><strong>∙<sup>-</sup></strong></p><p>Equation 2</p><p>HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub><strong>∙<sup>-</sup></strong> + HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>H<strong><sup>. </sup></strong>+ <strong><sup>-</sup></strong>OC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub></p><p>Equation 3</p><p>HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>H<strong><sup>.</sup></strong> + HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub><strong>∙<sup>-</sup></strong> HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>H<strong><sup>-</sup> + </strong>HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub></p><p>Equation4</p><p>HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub>H<strong><sup>-</sup> + </strong>HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO + <strong><sup>-</sup></strong>OC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>2</sub> +H<sub>2</sub>O </p></div>The result obtained from GC electrode proved to be better than Pt electrode. Hence the GC electrode can be considered a suitable tool for determination of redox mechanism of p-nitrophenol.
Testing the Random Walk Theory in the Nigerian Stock Market
Authors: Ajekwe Clement C. M. , Ibiamke Adzor , Haruna Habila Abel 
Published: April 2017

<div><p><em>This study tests the random walk theory in the Nigerian stock market by analyzing whether stock returns follow a random walk distribution. </em><em>The study employs the daily returns of the Top 20 most performing stocks on the NSE for the period January 1<sup>st</sup> 2010 to December 31<sup>st</sup> 2014. Autocorrelation and runs test</em><em> were employed for hypothesis testing. </em><em>Based on our analysis, we found that the daily stock returns of the 20 most active stocks on the Nigerian stock market are randomly distributed indicating that Nigerian Stock market is informational efficient at the weak form level. </em><em>The implication of the finding is that no one can fool the market consistently for a long time by trading on the basis of past information such as historical stock prices. The study recommends that more efforts should be made to reposition the market to attract more investible funds from domestic and foreign investors.</em></p></div>
An Analysis of Public Health Expenditure in Hyderabad Karnataka Region
Authors: Benni Basavaraj S , U Srikara 
Published: April 2017

<div><p><em>Health status is the outcome of public spending; Public income is the result of human capital standards in the society. Both influences and complements each other growth. Objective of the study is to know the status of Public HealthExpenditure in Hyderabad Karnataka region and analyse the deterministic relation between HK-region’s Gross Domestic Income and Public HealthExpenditure. The study is conducted based on secondary data; analysis is done by using basic statistics and inference drawn upon OLS regression analysis. The percentage public expenditure to RGDP on health is less than 1%, which is not an acceptable indication and considered to be robust hurdle in the process of human capital formation of this region. The region is showing the positive trend in regional domestic income; hence government has leverage to spend more on healthsector. </em></p></div>
Geriatric Fracture Care: Future Trajectories
Authors: Switzer Julie A. , Bozic Kevin J. , Kates Stephen L. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract:
The population of the United States and the world is aging rapidly. Musculoskeletal care for older adults will be impacted by the manner in which health care is financed and the ability of the orthopaedic community to provide evidence-based integrated care for this population. We review the financial aspects of health-care reform and the implications for musculoskeletal care in the elderly. We discuss the establishment of quality measures for hip fracture care in the elderly, team building to accomplish this, and an innovative program designed to provide orthopaedic care to the frail elderly outside of the usual office setting.
Радиоэкологические закономерности перераспределения альфа-радионуклидов плутония в экосистеме Чёрного моря
Authors: Терещенко Н. Н. , Гулин С. Б. , Проскурнин В. Ю. 
Published: April 2017

Работа посвящена исследованию радиоэкологических процессов перераспределения альфа-радионуклидов плутония (239+240Pu) как основных дозообразующих техногенных альфа-радионуклидов в период после аварии на Чернобыльской АЭС. 239+240Pu ― долгоживущие радиоизотопы, количество которых накапливается в природных экосистемах от инцидента к инциденту. Радиотоксичность этих радионуклидов высока, и необходимы научно обоснованные подходы к оценке и прогнозу радиоэкологического состояния водоёмов, подверженных риску повторного радиоактивного загрязнения 239+240Pu. К таким водоёмам относится Чёрное море, как внутренне море, расположенное в регионе высокоразвитых стран, использующих ядерные технологии. Работа выполнена современными методами, основными из которых были: радиохимический анализ, альфа-спектрометрия и радиотрассерные технологии. В результате исследования выявлены радиоэкологические закономерности поведения плутония (Pu) в экосистеме Чёрного моря в постчернобыльский период. Определены количественные параметры миграции 239+240Pu в море: скорость осадконакопления в разных районах моря, период полууменьшения удельной активности поверхностных вод по 239+240Pu, фактор радиоёмкости для донных отложений, потоки плутония, уровни содержания 239+240Pu в компонентах экосистемы, коэффициенты накопления биотическими и абиотическими составляющими. Выявлены особенности биогеохимического поведения плутония в экосистеме Чёрного моря и указаны условия и процессы, их обуславливающие. Отмечены повышенная способность черноморских поверхностных вод к самоочищению в отношении 239+240Pu, короткий период пребывания плутония в поверхностных водах, относительно быстрое накопление плутония в осадках за счёт биогеохимической седиментации элемента, высокая концентрационная способность иловых донных отложений в отношении 239+240Pu, тип биогеохимического поведения плутония в экосистеме Чёрного моря.
First record of Pseudodiaptomus marinus (Copepoda: Calanoida: Pseudodiaptomidae) in the Black Sea (Sevastopol Bay)
Authors: Garbazey O. A. , Popova E. V. , Gubanova A. D. , Altukhov D. A. 
Published: April 2017

Pseudodiaptomus marinus was initially discovered at the end of September 2016 in a sample taken during a long-term plankton survey of Sevastopol Bay started in 2002. We found 6 females and 12 copepodites (I-V stages) of P. marinus at the center of Sevastopol Bay (St. 3) on September 22. At the mouth of Bay (St. 2) the species was not found. Both females and copepodite stages I-V of P. marinus were found at the both stations on November 11. Abundance of P. marinus increased to 1236 individuals in sample (1373 ind/m3) at the center of the bay. Moreover, two individuals of P. marinus nauplii identified by Sazhina, were found in this sample. At the mouth of the bay abundance of the invasive species reached 103 individuals in sample (103 ind/m3). It is considered to be native to the Northwestern Pacific Ocean, but now species is widespread across the world. Brilinski described in details its distribution in the World's oceans. Recently P. marinus has been found in the Atlantic Ocean in the North Sea and in the Mediterranean Sea. P. marinus is a typical estuarine coastal copepod, living in shallow eutrophic inshore waters. It is tolerant to a wide range of salinity (2.5-35 ptt) and temperature (5-28 ºC) and has the highest invasive potential. Thus species is adapted to relatively low salinities and low winter temperatures of the Black Sea. Copepodite stages at both stations indicate the existence of reproducing populations. Thus, very likely P. marinus is the new established species in coastal area of the Black Sea. As other recent pelagic invaders – the copepods Acartia tonsa Dana 1849, Oithona davisae Ferrari F. D. & Orsi 1984; ctenophores Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 and Beroe ovata Bruguiere, 1789 - P. marinus was most probably brought into Sevastopol Bay in the ballast water of ships. Long-term studies at basin scale are needed to estimate the structural changes in the Black Sea zooplankton community.
A new approach to develop computer-aided diagnosis scheme of breast mass classification using deep learning technology
Authors: Qiu Yuchen , Yan Shiju , Gundreddy Rohith Reddy , Wang Yunzhi , Cheng Samuel , Liu Hong , Zheng Bin 
Published: April 2017

PURPOSE: To develop and test a deep learning based computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) scheme of mammograms for classifying between malignant and benign masses. METHODS: An image dataset involving 560 regions of interest (ROIs) extracted from digital mammograms was used. After down-sampling each ROI from 512×512 to 64×64 pixel size, we applied an 8 layer deep learning network that involves 3 pairs of convolution-max-pooling layers for automatic feature extraction and a multiple layer perceptron (MLP) classifier for feature categorization to process ROIs. The 3 pairs of convolution layers contain 20, 10, and 5 feature maps, respectively. Each convolution layer is connected with a max-pooling layer to improve the feature robustness. The output of the sixth layer is fully connected with a MLP classifier, which is composed of one hidden layer and one logistic regression layer. The network then generates a classification score to predict the likelihood of ROI depicting a malignant mass. A four-fold cross validation method was applied to train and test this deep learning network. RESULTS: The results revealed that this CAD scheme yields an area under the receiver operation characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.696±0.044, 0.802±0.037, 0.836±0.036, and 0.822±0.035 for fold 1 to 4 testing datasets, respectively. The overall AUC of the entire dataset is 0.790±0.019. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the feasibility of applying a deep learning based CAD scheme to classify between malignant and benign breast masses without a lesion segmentation, image feature computation and selection process.
Photoperiod throughout the maternal life cycle, not photoperiod during seed imbibition, influences germination in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Imaizumi Toshiyuki , Auge Gabriela , Donohue Kathleen 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Plants adjust their phenology in response to seasonal cues experienced both by their parents and by themselves, and coordinating responses to these cues is necessary for expressing adaptive phenology. We investigated how cues are integrated across time to influence an important progeny phenotype, i.e., seed germination.METHODS:We used Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate how the photoperiod experienced by maternal parents and by progeny influences seed germination. We examined when maternal photoperiod effects on germination are imposed and how long they persist in progeny.KEY RESULTS:The photoperiod experienced by maternal plants more strongly influenced germination than the photoperiod experienced during seed imbibition. In addition, the photoperiod experienced at the prereproductive stage frequently influenced germination as strongly as that experienced during reproduction. In general, seeds from plants grown under short days had higher seed germination percentages than seeds from plants grown in longer days. These maternal effects diminished with after‐ripening, but reappeared in seeds induced into secondary dormancy.CONCLUSIONS:We found no evidence that the effect of photoperiod systematically attenuates in proportion to the time that elapsed between the cue and the timing of seed germination. Moreover, more recently experienced cues did not override the effects of cues experienced previously. Instead, specific sequences of photoperiods experienced at the prereproductive and reproductive stages appear to influence germination behavior.
Phylogeography of the wild and cultivated stimulant plant qat (Catha edulis, Celastraceae) in areas of historical cultivation
Authors: Tembrock Luke R. , Simmons Mark P. , Richards Christopher M. , Reeves Patrick A. , Reilley Ann , Curto Manuel A. , Meimberg Harald , Ngugi Grace , Demissew Sebsebe , Al Khulaidi Abdul Wali , Al‐Thobhani Mansoor , Simpson Sheron , Varisco Daniel M. 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Qat (Catha edulis, Celastraceae) is a woody plant species cultivated for its stimulant alkaloids. Qat is important to the economy and culture in large regions of Ethiopia, Kenya, and Yemen. Despite the importance of this species, the wild origins and dispersal of cultivars have only been described in often contradictory historical documents. We examined the wild origins, human‐mediated dispersal, and genetic divergence of cultivated qat compared to wild qat.METHODS:We sampled 17 SSR markers and 1561 wild and cultivated individuals across the historical areas of qat cultivation.KEY RESULTS:On the basis of genetic structure inferred using Bayesian and nonparametric methods, two centers of origin in Kenya and one in Ethiopia were found for cultivated qat. The centers of origin in Ethiopia and northeast of Mt. Kenya are the primary sources of cultivated qat genotypes. Qat cultivated in Yemen is derived from Ethiopian genotypes rather than Yemeni wild populations. Cultivated qat with a wild Kenyan origin has not spread to Ethiopia or Yemen, whereas a small minority of qat cultivated in Kenya originated in Ethiopia. Hybrid genotypes with both Ethiopian and Kenyan parentage are present in northern Kenya.CONCLUSIONS:Ethiopian cultivars have diverged from their wild relatives, whereas Kenyan qat has diverged less. This pattern of divergence could be caused by the extinction of the wild‐source qat populations in Ethiopia due to deforestation, undersampling, and/or artificial selection for agronomically important traits.
Persistence of endophytic fungi in cultivars of Lolium perenne grown from seeds stored for 22 years
Authors: Cheplick Gregory P. 
Published: April 2017

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Genetic resources for forage crops often consist of seeds of specific species and cultivars in cold storage for future use in breeding and selection programs. Temperate grasses such as Lolium perenne, used worldwide for forage and turf, produce seeds commonly infected by hyphae of an endophytic fungus (Epichloë festucae var. lolii). This research determined whether endophytes could persist and infect seedlings of L. perenne emerging from seeds stored for over two decades.METHODS:Endophyte‐infected seeds (>90% infected) of four cultivars were obtained in 1994 and stored dry in plastic bags at 4°C. Seed germination was tested after 12 yr (for two cultivars) and after 18 and 22 yr (for all cultivars). Seedling leaf sheaths were excised, stained, and examined at 400× for endophytic hyphae to quantify infection frequency (% plants infected) and intensity (mean number of endophytic hyphae per field of view).KEY RESULTS:Seed germination after 22 yr depended on cultivar, ranging from 53 to 78%. Between 58 and 73% of plants grown from seeds stored for 22 yr still contained viable endophytic hyphae. Infection intensity remained at original levels for 18 yr in one cultivar; however, in all cultivars, infection intensity declined significantly between 18 and 22 yr.CONCLUSIONS:Persistence of the grass seed–endophyte symbiosis for over 20 yr surpasses all prior records of endophyte longevity within stored seeds. Storage of germplasm of cool‐season grass cultivars that contain potentially beneficial fungal endophytes should be possible for several decades under dry, cold conditions.
On the Origin of the Spiral Morphology in the Elias 2–27 Circumstellar Disk
Authors: Meru Farzana , Juhász Attila , Ilee John D. , Clarke Cathie J. , Rosotti Giovanni P. , Booth Richard A. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
The young star Elias 2–27 has recently been observed to posses a massive circumstellar disk with two prominent large-scale spiral arms. In this Letter, we perform three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics simulations, radiative transfer modeling, synthetic ALMA imaging, and an unsharped masking technique to explore three possibilities for the origin of the observed structures—an undetected companion either internal or external to the spirals, and a self-gravitating disk. We find that a gravitationally unstable disk and a disk with an external companion can produce morphology that is consistent with the observations. In addition, for the latter, we find that the companion could be a relatively massive planetary-mass companion (≲10–13 M
Jup) and located at large radial distances (between ≈300–700 au). We therefore suggest that Elias 2–27 may be one of the first detections of a disk undergoing gravitational instabilities, or a disk that has recently undergone fragmentation to produce a massive companion.
Triple Oral Therapy Versus Antitumor Necrosis Factor Plus Methotrexate (MTX) in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Inadequate Response to MTX: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Mary Julia , De Bandt Michel , Lukas Cédric , Morel Jacques , Combe Bernard 
Published: April 2017

Objective.For patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have an inadequate response to methotrexate (MTX), the relative effectiveness of the combination of conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARD) compared with the combination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors and MTX, as second-line therapy, is uncertain. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and tolerance of triple oral DMARD therapy versus anti-TNF agents associated with MTX in patients with RA after MTX failure.Methods.We performed a systematic search of the literature up to November 2015 in MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane library, and abstracts from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) meetings from 2006 to 2015. Articles were included if they were of randomized controlled trials of patients receiving triple oral combination therapy (TT; MTX + sulfasalazine + hydroxychloroquine) compared with anti-TNF agents plus MTX. Treatment effects were examined by disease activity [Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28)], ACR and EULAR response criteria, structural damage by the modified total Sharp score, and functional disability by the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ).Results.Our search identified 263 articles; only 5 fulfilled the selection criteria. Analysis of ACR and EULAR response criteria, DAS28, and modified Sharp scores favored anti-TNF agents combined with MTX. Functional disability (HAQ) and rates of adverse events did not differ between treatments.Conclusion.In patients with RA in whom MTX has failed, the addition of a TNF antagonist to MTX may be a valid option, with better clinical outcomes and better radiographic results in the presence of poor prognostic factors. In the absence of poor prognostic factors and/or with contraindications to biologic agents, TT retains its place in the therapeutic strategy for RA in a currently restricted economic context.