bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
El efecto moderador de la flexibilidad de recursos humanos sobre la relación entre la autonomía o la retroalimentación y la satifacción docente
Authors: Jijena Michel Robert Daniel , Jijena Miche Carlos Eduardo 
Published: February 2016

Nuestro objetivo es explorar la relación entre la autonomía y la retroalimentación con respecto a la satisfacción laboral de los profesores universitarios, así como el efecto moderador de la flexibilidad de recursos humanos en dichas relaciones. El problema de investigación planteado es: ¿afectará el efecto moderador de la flexibilidad de recursos humanos en la satisfacción docente? Los datos fueron recolectados a través de cuestionarios administrados a profesores de la Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Financieras de la Universidad Autónoma Juan Misael Saracho (Tarija, Bolivia). Los resultados indican que tanto la autonomía como la retroalimentación están positivamente relacionadas con la satisfacción, que a su vez presenta un efecto positivo sobre el compromiso organizacional. Además, la flexibilidad de recursos humanos no influye en la relación autonomía-satisfacción, pero si posee un efecto moderador positivo sobre la relación retroalimentaciónsatisfacción. Entonces, la flexibilidad de recursos humanos es compatible con la retroalimentación, esta combinación es recomendable considerando su beneficio para la gestión organizacional, dado el impacto positivo sobre la satisfacción. Estos resultados podrían ser importantes insumos para el diseño e implementación de políticas de recursos humanos y prácticas de trabajo flexible, con el fin de mejorar la satisfacción docente y su contribución al óptimo desempeño organizacional.
Estimaciones consistentes del valor en los modelos de flujo de caja descontado DCF e ingreso neto residual en un mundo MyM con y sin impuestos
Authors: Tham Joseph 
Published: February 2016

Artículo de reflexiónLundholm y O'Keefe (2000) identificaron a la estimación del CPPC (costo promedio ponderado de capital) como una importante razón para la discrepancia entre el valor obtenido a partir de las estimaciones del flujo de caja descontado (DCF) y ingreso neto residual. En este trabajo se discute cómo podemos obtener estimaciones consistentes de valor de los dos modelos en un mundo M & M (Modigliani y Miller) con y sin impuestos.Es común suponer que el costo del patrimonio sin deuda es constante. Además, en la práctica, se supone que el costo del patrimonio con deuda es constante, aunque la relación deuda-capital esté cambiando. En el mundo M & M con y sin impuestos, no sería coherente suponer que los rendimientos del patrimonio con y sin deuda son constantes y que la relación deuda-capital está cambiando.
Influencia de los elementos del modelo EFR® en la actividad empresarial liderada por mujeres: análisis comparativo entre empresas familiares y no familiares
Authors: López Vergara María Piedad , Leiva Townsend Pámela , Sepúlveda María del Pilar 
Published: February 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar si la presencia o ausencia del Modelo EFR ® en las organizaciones puede generar comportamientos empresariales en las mujeres, realizando un análisis comparativo entre empresas familiares y empresas no - familiares, con el fin de identificar y potenciar los factores desencadenantes de estas empresas. Esta investigación se basó en la metodología cualitativa, con la creación de modelos. Así que esta investigación seguirá el proceso lógico-experimental, mediante el establecimiento a priori, un modelo que será validado a través de estudios de caso tipo IV, que puede determinar las generalizaciones analíticas. Doce empresas fueron seleccionadas, de las cuales 6 fueron FBs y 6 eran NFBs. Estos casos se encuentran en los diferentes sectores económicos y eran de diferentes tamaños. Las entrevistas se aplicaron a las mujeres que iniciaron este tipo de empresas, utilizando un muestreo intencional, la realización de una clasificación basada en la integración del análisis deductivo e inductivo de la información. Con base en el Modelo EFR® tres se presentan como no coherentes con los resultados presentados. En cuanto a los 6 casos FBs se concluye que los conductores para iniciar sus empresas fueron: el deseo de construir un patrimonio para ser entregado a la familia como un legado de la familia, sabiendo que tenían la capacidad profesional para iniciar una empresa y, por último, que desean tener mejores condiciones económicas. Con respecto a la iniciativa empresarial femenina en los seis casos de NFBs es una convicción motivada por el deseo de ser independiente, de lograr el desarrollo profesional y la intención de mejorar económicamente su calidad de vida. Con respecto a los factores comunes entre los doce casos, aunque se hicieron observaciones de la presencia o ausencia de ciertos elementos del Modelo EFR ® estos factores no fueron decisivos para tomar la decisión de iniciar la empresa.
VAIC: Nueva métrica de evaluación de desempeño gerencial y herramienta de evaluación de inversiones
Authors: Ibragimov Rauf , Vélez Pareja Ignacio , Tham Joseph 
Published: February 2016

Artículo de reflexiónEste artículo introduce una nueva métrica financiera para la evaluación del desempeño gerencial, el Valor Añadido de la Inversión de Capital (VAIC), con el costo de capital no apalancado como una tasa de corte para el cálculo de los requerimientos de capital en lugar del CPPC (WACC) ampliamente aceptado. VAIC conserva todas las características positivas de la utilidad operativa residual convencional y VEA (EVA®) y tiene la ventaja de la sencillez en su cálculo y una interpretación directa y clara. El modelo de valoración asociado es equivalente al método de flujo de caja descontado estándar; esta equivalencia se demuestra formalmente bajo ciertas hipótesis sobre el riesgo de los escudos fiscales (ahorros en impuestos) y confirma la consistencia de la nueva medida propuesta. VAIC puede servir como un indicador económico global en los cuadros de mando de desempeño empresarial, y bien podría ser considerado como un sustituto válido para el VEA (EVA©) ya establecido y ROI en la evaluación de desempeño de la gerencia. La equivalencia del modelo de valoración VAIC con el enfoque fundamental de la valoración de una empresa con flujos de caja descontados hace que este indicador no sea sólo una medida de solidez financiera, sino también una herramienta de valoración de inversiones en el más completo sentido.
Cultural, Institutional, And Economic Factors Inhibiting The Transition From Tobacco Cultivation To Alternative Forms Of Agriculture In South Central Appalachia
Authors: Shemwell Donald J. 
Published: February 2016

A series of preliminary investigations indicated the strong need for alternatives for tobacco farming. Progressive elements in the communities where the study took place often suggested that this particular economic development issue should be a leading or critical priority. Nevertheless, when the issue was put to communities at large in subsequent community sustainability studies, there was little enthusiasm among the populace for alternative agriculture initiatives. The study reported here involved interviews with thirteen tobacco growers, two intermediaries who have grown tobacco themselves and worked among the farmers for many years, and representatives of three entities that have demonstrated success in alternate methods. The results indicate that there are substantial institutional, economic, and psychological barriers to grower adaption. The most important institutional barriers are the concentration in retailing and the development of highly centralized buying offices. The most significant economic barriers are the high start-up costs and variable nature of returns. Finally, the most salient cultural barrier is a learned helplessness resulting from years of isolation from market forces and an under educated and aging populace in farm communities.
Antecedents Of Successful Web Based Communities For Disabled Citizens
Authors: Lawler James 
Published: February 2016

In this period of constrained economic conditions, this study initiates an analysis of the critical success factors in the implementation of World Wide Web-based communities in the non-profit sector, focusing on communities of challenged citizens who have mental health conditions in the City of New York. Non-profit organizations in New York depend ever more upon the technology of the Web to help disabled members in the city, as the disruption from the September 11 disaster continues to impact social services. Though investment in technology is limited in the non-profit sector, the preliminary analysis of this study imputes that implementation of community networks that service rehabilitating members of society is facilitated by distinct enabling success factors of cohesion, effectiveness, help, language, relationship and self-regulation in the innovation of the supporting Web sites. The analysis contributes insight into the dynamics of communities on the Web that is applicable in an international context. This study furnishes a new framework to research Web-based communities in the non-profit sector.
The Expert Witness: Another Opportunity For College Professors
Authors: Nunn Les , Shanklin Stephen , McGuire Brian 
Published: February 2016

Trial lawyers are frequently in need of professionals to testify as experts in matters that are in litigation. Juries, as well as judges themselves, are normally not knowledgeable in many technical aspects of civil cases and must, therefore, be educated during the trial process. Many times, attorneys look to their local university for expertise. If you have not already received a call, someday you might be contacted by a lawyer to testify as an expert. Not only can your giving expert testimony look impressive on your vitae, it can also bring large amounts of supplemental income to a professor. Well known experts can receive thousands of dollars a day for giving their opinions on matters involved in litigation. While you might think you are or are not an expert, a brief look at court decisions can help us define the term “expert.”
Accounting For Defined Benefit Pension Plans: Is FASB Finally Fulfilling Its 25 Year Old Promise?
Authors: Carpenter Brian W. , Mahoney Daniel P. 
Published: February 2016

With the September 2006 release of Statement No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans,” the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) has completed the first phase of its ongoing pension accounting project. The new standard improves the accounting for defined benefit pensions by requiring employers to report the over(under)funded status of their plans as an asset(liability) within the main body of their balance sheet. This requirement represents a significant change from previously-existing pension accounting standards, and represents a major step forward toward the goal of increased transparency in financial reporting. This article provides a discussion of the very lengthy and controversial history of employer pension accounting, and examines the improvements that have finally resulted from Statement No. 158. Also provided is a discussion of the potential outcome of the second and final phase of the FASB’s pension accounting project
Spring Nitrogen and Cultivar Affect Seed Production in Winter Canola
Authors: Ferguson Brock T. , Chastain Thomas G. , Garbacik Carol J. , Chastain Brandon T. , Wysocki Donald J. 
Published: February 2016

Limited information is available on the effects of spring‐applied N on winter canola (Brassica napus L.) seed yield in seasonally high‐rainfall environments. The objective of this study was to investigate spring‐applied N effects on four winter canola cultivars: Athena, Baldur, Virginia and Kronos. Trials were conducted over a 3‐yr period at Corvallis, OR, with four spring N rates: 0, 56, 112, and 168 kg N ha−1. Lodging severity affected seed yield responses to spring‐applied N. Under low or moderate lodging, yield was increased incrementally with spring N rate. When lodging was severe, yields were reduced by 168 kg N ha−1. Spring N increased yield up to 75%, but losses in yield due to N when lodged ranged up to 11%. Seeds m−2 was the main contributor to increased or decreased yields in response to spring N. Seed oil content was reduced by increased N rate, but seed protein was unaffected by spring N. Oil yield was increased by spring N when lodging was low or moderate but not when severe. Seed yield varied among cultivars with a different cultivar producing the highest yield each year. Athena, Baldur, and Virginia averaged 2800 kg ha−1, while Kronos yielded the lowest at 2550 kg ha−1. Expression of yield by cultivars was governed by a combination of seed number and seed weight. The best spring N rate for winter canola was 112 kg N ha−1 because it provided high potential yield while minimizing yield losses associated with lodging.Core Ideas

Spring N increased seed and oil yield in winter canola except with crop lodging.
Seeds m−2 was the most influential factor in determining seed yield in winter canola.
Seed oil content was high but was inversely related to the rate of spring N applied.
Seed and oil yield was maximized at 112 kg N ha−1 while minimizing lodging losses.
First study on winter canola in the seasonally wet environment of western Oregon.
In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of Chlorhexidine Pretreatment on Immediate and Aged Dentin Bond Strengths
Authors: Gunaydin Z , Yazici AR , Cehreli ZC 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARY
This study evaluated the effect of 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) pretreatment of dentin on the immediate and aged microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of different adhesives to dentin in vivo and in vitro. Class I cavities were prepared in 80 caries-free human third molars of 40 patients in a split-mouth fashion. In each tooth pair, one tooth received 2% CHX pretreatment after which both teeth were randomly assigned to one of the following groups with respect to the type of adhesive system applied: Adper Single Bond 2 (etch-and-rinse), Clearfil SE Bond (two-step self-etch), Clearfil S3 Bond (one-step self-etch), and Adper Prompt-L-Pop (all-in-one self-etch). The teeth were restored with resin composite and extracted for μTBS testing either immediately or after six months in function. In vitro specimen pairs were prepared as with the clinical protocol in intact, freshly extracted human molars, and thereafter, subjected to testing immediately or after 5000× thermocycling. Data were analyzed with four-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Bonferroni test was utilized for pair-wise comparisons. The immediate bond strength values were significantly higher than “aged” ones for all tested adhesives (p=0.00). The in vitro immediate bond strength values were statistically higher than in vivo bond strength values (p&lt;0.05). While the bond strength of in vitro aged, CHX-treated samples were higher than their in vivo counterparts (p&lt;0.05), no difference was observed in non-CHX treated groups (p&gt;0.05). In the absence of CHX pretreatment, all adhesives showed significantly higher immediate bond strength values than CHX-treated groups, while all “aged”, non-pretreated adhesives exhibited significantly lower bond strength values (both p&lt;0.05). By contrast, chlorhexidine pretreatment resulted in significantly higher aged bond strengths, regardless of the adhesive system and testing condition. Aging-associated decline in dentin bond strength of etch-and rinse and self-etch adhesives can be counteracted by chlorhexidine application.
Longevity of Bonding of Self-adhesive Resin Cement to Dentin
Authors: Simões TC , Luque-Martinez ÍV , Moraes RR , Sá ATG , Loguercio AD , Moura SK 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARY
Objective: To evaluate the effect of root dentin treatment on the bonding of self-adhesive resin cement after 24 hours and after 6 months.
Methods: A total of 48 single-rooted premolars were endodontically treated and divided into four groups (n=12): Adper Scotchbond Multi-Purpose + RelyX ARC (ARC); RelyX U200 (U200); EDTA + RelyX U200 (EU200); and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) + RelyX U200 (HU200). After filling the roots, an Exacto No. 2 fiber post was cleaned, treated with silane (60 seconds), positioned, and light cured (LED; 60 seconds at 1200 mW/cm2). After storage (37°C/24 h), the roots were cut to obtain two discs (1 mm) of each third. They were stored in distilled water (24 hours at 37°C); one disc of each root-third was subjected to the push-out test (0.5 mm/min) at 24 hours and the other disc after six months of water storage (37°C). The data on the root-thirds were averaged for statistical purposes. The average values of bond strength (MPa) were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls (5%).
Results: There were statistical differences for the treatment of dentin (p&lt;0.001), for time (p=0.003), and the interaction of treatment and time (p=0.017). After 24 hours, we observed lower bond strength in the HU200 group when compared with other groups (ARC, U200, and EU200). After six months, HU200 showed the lowest bond strength. Higher strengths were observed for EU200 and U200 similarly, which were higher than ARC.
Conclusion: The bonding of the self-adhesive resin cement varied over time in the tested groups.
Restorative Technique Selection in Class IV Direct Composite Restorations: A Simplified Method
Authors: Romero MF , Haddock FJ , Freites AG , Brackett WW , Brackett MG 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARY
Use of the techniques presented here will yield highly esthetic resin composite restorations in minimal time. Although more elaborate composite layering techniques exist and may be used in complex esthetic scenarios, a simplified approach combining two body shades and implementing basic dental anatomy concepts often will deliver highly acceptable esthetic results.
Spectroradiometric and Chemical Analysis of Severely Discolored Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: Wei J , Wang Y , Li Q 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARY
Objective: This study aimed to explore the chemical changes and discoloration of endodontically treated teeth using spectroradiometric and chemical analyses.
Methods and Materials: Ten freshly extracted sound third molars and 10 discolored molars obtained after root canal treatment (RCT) were included in this study. Dentin blocks (3 × 3 × 1 mm) were prepared and treated with an intracoronal bleaching agent. Spectroradiometric evaluations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) analyses were performed before and after bleaching. The spectroradiometric parameters and XPS and ATR-FTIR spectra of the dentin slabs were analyzed using independent-sample t-tests or one-way analysis of variance.
Results: Differences in color coordinates and translucency parameters were observed between the two groups before bleaching. Demineralization effects were also detected in the discolored dentin. No binding energy shifts or new spectral bands were found in the XPS and ATR-FTIR spectra, except in the narrow-scanned XPS spectra of C1s. Significant changes in color coordinates were also found in both groups after bleaching, and the translucency parameter was remarkably altered in discolored dentin. The organic and inorganic components of dentin also decreased in both groups. However, binding energy shifts (ie, C1s, Ca2p, and P2p) were detected only in discolored dentin.
Conclusion: Significant alterations in the organic and inorganic components of dentin contributed to the discoloration of endodontically treated teeth. Moreover, intracoronal bleaching could effectively whiten both discolored and vital dentin. The chemical compositions of mineral and organic components within discolored dentin are more sensitive to the acid bleaching agent than normal teeth.
Effects of catheter shape, interelectrode spacing, and electrode size on transesophageal atrial pacing in dogs
Authors: Sanders Robert A. , Chapel Emily H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine effects of catheter shape, interelectrode spacing (IS), and electrode size (ES) on pacing threshold (PT), extraneous muscular stimulation (EMS), and zone of capture (ZOC) for dogs undergoing transesophageal atrial pacing (TAP).
ANIMALS 10 purpose-bred dogs without cardiac conduction disturbances.
PROCEDURES 7 configurations for TAP catheters were tested in each dog to evaluate effects of catheter shape (curved or straight), IS (5, 15, and 25 mm), and ES (2, 4, and 6 mm). Each catheter was passed into the esophagus to a location aboral to the heart and slowly withdrawn until atrial pacing was achieved. Then, catheters were withdrawn in 5-mm increments until pacing could not be achieved. Outcomes measured at each pacing site included PT, degree of EMS, and ZOC.
RESULTS There was a significantly lower PT, wider ZOC, and less EMS for the curved catheter than for the straight catheter. An ES of 6 mm induced significantly more EMS than was induced by an ES of 2 or 4 mm. An IS of 5 mm induced significantly less EMS and a significantly narrower ZOC but required a significantly higher PT, compared with results for an ES of 15 or 25 mm. Additionally, there was a significant direct correlation between IS and ZOC.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that a curved catheter with multiple 4-mm electrodes that provides for variable IS would be ideal for TAP in dogs.
IMPACT FOR HUMAN MEDICINE TAP catheters currently used in human medicine are straight. The PT in humans may potentially be reduced with curved catheters.
Feasibility of the Six-Minute Walk Test for Patients Who Have Cystic Fibrosis, Are Ambulatory, and Require Mechanical Ventilation Before Lung Transplantation
Authors: Malamud Amanda L. , Ricard Paul E.H. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract

Background and Purpose
The Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) is a requirement for lung transplantation evaluation by the United Network for Organ Sharing. A subset of patients being evaluated for a lung transplantation require mechanical ventilation (MV) because of respiratory failure. The 6MWT has not been validated as an outcome measure for patients dependent on MV. Literature supports alternative forms of the 6MWT, including those with an oval track or treadmill, as valid for accommodating other populations. This case report describes the use of the 6MWT for 2 patients who had cystic fibrosis and required MV before a lung transplant.

Case Description
A 34-year-old woman and a 37-year-old woman were admitted to a medical intensive care unit for exacerbation of cystic fibrosis requiring prolonged intubation and a subsequent tracheostomy. Their hospital courses were characterized by participation in early rehabilitation and variable dependence on MV. Both patients performed the 6MWT for a lung transplantation workup while dependent on MV.

Outcomes
Both patients performed the 6MWT while using portable MV and achieved a distance greater than that required for transplantation consideration and approximately 50% of the reference-based expected distance for adults who are healthy. Confounding factors included external pacing and the use of an oval track.

Discussion
The use of the 6MWT for 2 patients receiving MV appeared to be feasible. Research regarding the validity of this outcome is warranted.