bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Growth and Depuration of Off‐Flavors in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss in a Partial Recirculating Aquaculture System (PRAS)
Authors: Lindholm‐Lehto Petra Camilla , Kiuru Tapio 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS), off‐flavours accumulated in fish muscle tissue can be problematic in terms of consumer acceptance and the reputation of farmed fish products. Off‐flavours often give fish earthy, muddy, or other undesirable flavours. Typically, off‐flavours are removed during a depuration period in which fish are fasted and held in clean water. Unfortunately, this causes additional costs and delayed sales, while fish lose weight and show a decrease in lipid content. First, we studied fish growth in a partial RAS (PRAS) where the conditions are very similar to those in depuration with a water exchange rate of 4000 L kg−1 feed, compared to RAS with a 650‐L water kg−1 feed. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was reared in both systems. Our aim was to combine the benefits of a higher water exchange rate: the lack of need for biofilters and a lower accumulation of off‐flavours while obtaining stable rearing conditions. Additionally, we studied the effects of moderate feeding and H2O2 addition during depuration. The fish grew faster in a PRAS than in a RAS when fed ad libitum. Thirteen off‐flavour compounds were found in the fish flesh and 11 in the circulating water. The H2O2 addition led to decreased levels of off‐flavours in the tank water and in fish muscle. The results showed no significant differences in off‐flavours between the fed and not‐fed systems, showing that moderate feeding did not prevent a good depuration result. However, the lipid content and the overall fish weight were higher in the fed systems, which suggests more effective depuration. Increased depuration efficiency can be an important tool when considering ways to improve the profitability of production.
Impact of preoperative anemia and perioperative transfusion on short‐term outcomes in colorectal cancer surgery: The role of iron supplementation
Authors: Takashima Junpei , Kobayashi Hirotoshi , Koizumi Ayaka , Shigehara Fumi , Yamazaki Kenji , Fujimoto Daisuke , Miura Fumihiko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and AimColorectal cancer is a common malignancy, and many patients with colorectal cancer experience preoperative anemia. Anemia and transfusions negatively impact short‐term surgical outcomes. Management of anemia, including iron supplementation, has not been extensively studied in Japanese patients. Thus, the impact of anemia and blood transfusions on short‐term surgical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients and the effectiveness of oral iron supplementation with ferrous citrate were investigated.MethodsA retrospective study of patients with colorectal cancer (≥18 y) who underwent elective surgery from April 2015 to March 2023 was conducted. Patients with benign tumors, malignant lymphoma, emergency surgeries, or nonresectable lesions were excluded from the study. Hemoglobin levels were assessed at consultation, admission, the day after surgery, and discharge. Patients were categorized by anemia severity and divided into iron supplementation and no supplementation groups. Outcomes, including transfusions and postoperative complications, were compared with univariate and multivariate analyses.ResultsThe prevalence of postoperative anemia in the 545 enrolled patients increased significantly from 52.8% at admission to 78.7% the day after surgery (p < 0.001). Severe anemia immediately before surgery was an independent risk factor for postoperative complications (odds ratio [OR] = 9.24, p < 0.001). Iron supplementation significantly improved hemoglobin levels and reduced transfusions and complications. The median duration of iron supplementation was 30 d, suggesting a positive influence on outcomes.ConclusionSevere anemia immediately before surgery is an independent risk factor for postoperative complications. Iron supplementation with ferrous citrate improves short‐term outcomes.
The Electron‐Density Distribution of UCl4 and Its Topology from X‐ray Diffraction
Authors: Cossard Alessandro , Gianopoulos Christopher G. , Desmarais Jacques K. , Casassa Silvia , Gatti Carlo , Erba Alessandro , Pinkerton A. Alan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe chemistry of
electrons in actinide complexes and materials is still poorly understood and represents a serious challenge and opportunity for experiment and theory. The study of the electron density distribution of the ground state of such systems through X‐ray diffraction represents a unique opportunity to quantitatively investigate different chemical bonding interactions at once, but was considered “almost impossible” on heavy‐atom systems, until very recently. Here, we present a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of the electron density distribution in UCl_4 crystals and comparison with the previously reported spin density distribution from polarized neutron diffraction. All approaches provide a consistent picture in terms of electron and spin density distribution, and chemical bond characterization. More importantly, the synergy between experiments and quantum‐mechanical calculations allows to highlight the remarkable sensitivity of X‐ray diffraction to
electrons in materials.
Self‐Polycondensation Flux Synthesis of Ultrastable Olefin‐Linked Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrocatalysis
Authors: Wang Jiaxi , Zhu Qianqian , Wang Jixian , Wang Ting , Xia Wei , Lin En , Wang Kaiyuan , Hu Heng , Wang Tonghai , Wang Zhifang , Hao Liqin , Liu Yujie , Jiao Lifang , Cheng Peng , Chen Yao , Zhang Zhenjie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCreating new functional materials that efficiently support noble metal catalysts is important and in high demand. Herein, we develop a self‐polycondensation flux synthesis strategy that can produce olefin‐linked covalent organic framework (COF) platforms with high crystallinity and porosity as the supports of Pd nanoparticles for electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction (ENRR). A series of “two in one” monomers integrating aldehyde and methyl reactive groups are rationally designed to afford COFs with square‐shaped pores and ultrahigh chemical stability (e.g., strong acid or alkali environments for >1 month). Functionalizing Fluorine significantly boosts the hydrophobicity of fluoro‐functionalized COFs, which can inhibit the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and enhance ENRR performances. The COFs loading Pd nanoparticles show high NH3 production yields up to 90.0±2.6 μg ⋅ h−1 ⋅ mgcat.−1 and the faradaic efficiency of 44 % at −0.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, the best comprehensive performance among all reported COFs. Meanwhile, the catalysts are easy to recover and recycle, as demonstrated by their use for 15 cycles and 17 hours, with good performance retention. This work not only provides a new synthesis strategy for olefin‐linked COFs, but also paves a new avenue for the design of highly efficient ENRR catalysts.
Structural Snapshots, Trajectory and Thermodynamics of the Reversible μ‐1,2‐Peroxo/μ‐1,1‐Hydroperoxo Dicopper(II) Interconversion
Authors: Spyra Can‐Jerome , Hiller David , Eisenlohr Kim A. , Dechert Sebastian , Demeshko Serhiy , Bhattacharya Disha , Lücken Jana , Holthausen Max C. , Meyer Franc 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHydrogen bonds involving the oxygen atoms of intermediates that result from copper‐mediated O2 activation play a key role for controlling the reactivity of Cux/O2 active sites in metalloenzymes and synthetic model complexes. However, structural insight into H‐bonding in such transient species as well as thermodynamic information about proton transfer to or from the O2‐derived ligands is scarce. Here we present a detailed study of the reversible interconversion of a μ1,2‐peroxodicopper(II) complex ([1]+) and its μ1,1‐hydroperoxo congener ([2]+) via (de)protonation, including the isolation and structural characterization of several H‐bond donor (HBD) adducts of [1]+ and the determination of binding constants. For one of these adducts a temperature‐dependent μ1,2‐peroxo/μ1,1‐hydroperoxo equilibrium associated with reversible H+‐translocation is observed, its thermodynamics investigated experimentally and computationally, and effects of H‐bonding on spectroscopic parameters of the CuII2(μ1,2‐O2) species are revealed. DFT calculations allowed to fully map and correlate the trajectories of H+‐transfer and μ1,2‐peroxo→μ1,1‐peroxo rearrangement. These findings enhance our understanding of two key intermediates in bioinspired Cu2/O2 chemistry.
A Highly Conjugated Nickel(II)‐Acetylide Framework for Efficient Photocatalytic Carbon Dioxide Reduction
Authors: Qin Yingying , Wang Yang , Lu Jian , Xu Linli , Wong Wai‐Yeung 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe incorporation of transition‐metal single atoms as molecular functional entities into the skeleton of graphdiyne (GDY) to construct novel two‐dimensional (2D) metal‐acetylide frameworks, known as metalated graphynes (MGYs), is a promising strategy for developing efficient catalysts, which can combine the tunable charge transfer of GDY frameworks, the catalytic activity of metal and the precise distribution of single metallic centers. Herein, four highly conjugated MGY photocatalysts based on NiII, PdII, PtII, and HgII were synthesized for the first time using the ‘bottom‐up’ strategy through the use of M−C bonds (−C≡C−M−C≡C−). Remarkably, the NiII‐based graphyne (TEPY‐Ni‐GY) exhibited the highest CO generation rate of 18.3 mmol g−1 h−1 and a selectivity of 98.8 %. This superior performance is attributed to the synergistic effects of pyrenyl and −C≡C−Ni(PBu3)2−C≡C– moieties. The pyrenyl block functions as an intramolecular π‐conjugation channel, facilitating kinetically favorable electron transfer, while the −C≡C−Ni(PBu3)2−C≡C− moiety serves as the catalytic site that enhances CO2 adsorption and activation, thereby suppressing competitive hydrogen evolution. This study provides a new perspective on MGY‐based photocatalysts for developing highly active and low‐cost catalysts for CO2 reduction.
Diacetyl Monoxime‐Based N∩N Donor Schiff Base and Its Zn(II) Complexes. In Vitro and In Silico Analysis
Authors: Shahriari Faezeh , Shahraki Somaye , Dehghanian Effat 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTSchiff bases are introduced as versatile pharmacophores for the design and development of various bioactive compounds. Oxime‐based Schiff base ligands form an important and flexible class of ligands that have attracted attention due to their wide applications in various fields. Here, novel 3‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl‐imino)butan‐2‐one oxime, (HPIO) Schiff base and Zn(II) complexes derived from it, [Zn(bpy)(HPIO)](NO3)2, C1, (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine) and [Zn(HPIO)2]Cl2, C2, were synthesized and characterized. Theoretical studies showed that both complexes are reactive and have high pharmacological affinity. Experimental investigations were done to compare some biological properties of the complexes. Antioxidant studies using ·DPPH (2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl) assay presented the following trend: C1 > C2 > HPIO. Considering the importance of the antioxidant enzyme catalase in removing reactive oxygen species (ROS), the binding process of C1/C2 with catalase was evaluated. Kinetic studies showed that C1/C2 can inhibit the catalytic performance of catalase by mixed‐type inhibition mechanism. The C1 and C2 quenched the catalase fluorescence emission with static quenching mechanism. The binding affinity to catalase was higher for C1 than C2 (Kb = 1.51 and 0.89 × 105 M−1 for C1 and C2, respectively at 305 K). In C1/C2 interaction with catalase, which was an exothermic and spontaneous process, hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic interactions played a decisive role and strongly confirmed by molecular docking data. Tracking the structural changes of catalase showed that enzyme undergoes structural changes in the presence of both complexes.
Cascade Synthesis in Water: Michael Addition/Hemiketalization/Retro‐Claisen Fragmentation Catalyzed by CatAnionic Vesicular Nanoreactor from Dithiocarbamate
Authors: Atibioke Ayodele J. , Authai Panassilp , Vilaivan Tirayut , Padungros Panuwat 
Published: October 2024

AbstractN,N‐didodecylammonium N,N‐didodecyldithiocarbamate (AmDTC‐C12C12) underwent self‐assembly to form a CatAnionic vesicular nanoreactor in water. AmDTC‐C12C12 can be readily prepared by condensation between N,N‐didodecylamine and carbon disulfide. Previously, the cascade Michael addition/hemiketalization/retro‐Claisen fragmentation was reported, but it required petroleum‐based organic solvents as reaction media. Herein, the application of AmDTC‐C12C12 in aqueous cascade synthesis is investigated. Initially, we explored the catalytic activity of AmDTC‐C12C12 (10 mol %) in the synthesis of 4H‐chromene through a double‐cascade Michael addition/hemiketalization. The reaction occurred in water at room temperature using 2‐hydroxy‐trans‐β‐nitrostyrene as Michael acceptor and acetylacetone as Michael donor, yielding 2‐chromanol intermediates. Subsequent acidic dehydration of 2‐chromanols produced 4H‐chromenes with moderate yields (34–60 %) and phenyl acetates of γ‐nitro ketone as co‐products (13–31 %), deriving from retro‐Claisen fragmentation. Surprisingly, using Michael donors with aromatic moieties on the 1,3‐dicarbonyls resulted in spontaneous triple‐cascade Michael addition/hemiketalization/retro‐Claisen fragmentation in water without the need for acidic dehydration. The γ‐nitro ketones were obtained as sole products, with no detection of 4H‐chromenes, in moderate to high yields (24–84 %) for symmetrical 1,3‐dicarbonyl containing two aromatic groups. Unsymmetrical 1,3‐dicarbonyl bearing aromatic/aliphatic or aromatic/aromatic groups afforded γ‐nitro ketones in favorable yields (73–97 %).
Eye‐tracking training improves visuospatial working memory of children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Chan Agnes S. , Leung Pui‐Ying , Pang Tiffany Wing‐Yin , Sze Sophia L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGiven the close connection between eye movement and frontal lobe functions and some evidence supporting the effect of eye‐tracking training on enhancing cognitive performance mediated by the frontal lobe, this study aimed to explore if after‐school eye‐tracking training can improve the visuospatial working memory (VSWM) and cognitive flexibility performance in children with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study is a non‐randomized cluster trial. Forty children from eight primary schools were selected, half receiving eye‐tracking training for 20 sessions over 9 months, while the other half served as a waitlist control. They were matched on demographic characteristics and baseline cognitive performance. Their VSWM and cognitive flexibility were assessed at the beginning and end of the study. Results showed that children who received eye‐tracking training, but not those on a waitlist, exhibited significant improvements in the total score and working memory span of the VSWM tests, and the correct responses in cognitive flexibility tests. Specifically, VSWM performance at higher span levels (5 or above) yielded a greater improvement. The findings suggest that eye‐tracking training can be a feasible and effective after‐school program for improving working memory and cognitive flexibility performance in children with ADHD and ASD. This study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/, trial number: NCT05428657).
Exploring the antecedents, manifestations and coping strategies of boredom in the language classroom: A dynamic perspective
Authors: Yetkin Ramazan , Özer‐Altınkaya Zekiye 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the realm of foreign language learning, emotions play a pivotal role, yet boredom remains a largely overlooked aspect, with scant research exploring its dynamics in classroom settings. Addressing this gap, this study delves into the Turkish English as a Foreign Language (EFL) context to investigate the multifaceted nature of boredom, examining its fluctuations, antecedents, manifestations and coping strategies. Four elementary level EFL learners engaged in self‐ratings, reflective journals, and focus group interviews to provide insight. The findings highlight the dynamic nature of boredom, which fluctuates within and across classes and is influenced by factors such as long lectures, language proficiency, presentations and uninteresting topics. Ultimately, boredom manifests in various formats, including students using their phones, talking to friends, dealing with other things and daydreaming. Strategies such as giving full focus, a sense of understanding, note‐taking and avoiding distractions were utilised to cope with boredom. Through this exploration, this study contributes to the evolving discourse on boredom in language learning, offering tailored strategies to assist language educators in addressing this often‐neglected aspect of the classroom experience.
Identification of the metabolites of nimbolide in rat by liquid chromatography combined with quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Kun , Jiang Lingling , Wei Yubao , Li Zeyun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNimbolide is a major furanoid compound isolated from Azadirachta indica. The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolites of nimbolide in rats and to propose the metabolic pathways. The metabolites were generated by incubating nimbolide (10 μM) with rat liver microsomes, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH), and nucleophiles (glutathione [GSH] or N‐acetyl‐lysine [NAL]) at 37°C for 60 min. For the in vivo study, nimbolide was intravenously administered to rats at a single dose of 10 mg/kg, and the bile and urine were collected. The metabolites were identified by ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole/orbitrap mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q/Orbitrap‐MS) using electrospray ionization in positive ion mode. Totally, nine metabolites were detected, and their identities were characterized by accurate MS and MS/MS data. In GSH‐supplemented liver microsomes, GSH conjugation was the primary elimination pathway. The furan ring was bioactivated into cis‐butene‐1,4‐dial that can be trapped by GSH. In NAL‐supplemented liver microsomes, two NAL conjugates (M4 and M5) derived from cis‐butene‐1,4‐dial were observed. In rat bile and urine, N‐acetyl‐cysteine, cysteine‐glycine, and GSH conjugate were also found. The current study provides an overview of the metabolism and the bioactivation profiles of nimbolide in rats, which aids in understanding its safety and activity.
Ultrasonographic assessment of the lateral pterygoid muscle for BoNT‐A injection
Authors: Bae Hyungkyu , Lee Yeon‐Hee , Kim Soo‐Bin , Hu Kyung‐Seok , Kim Hee‐Jin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe upper head of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is known to insert into the capsule of the temporomandibular joint and articular disc, and therefore its relationship with temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has been consistently suggested. The aim of the study was to determine the anatomical features of the LPM using ultrasonographic (US) imaging. Around 120 hemifaces from 60 healthy Korean volunteers were included in this study. US images were taken with the subject's mouth 2 cm open. The transducer was placed at a position where the infratemporal fossa could be observed through the mandibular notch, and its position was recorded. The locations of the coronoid process (CorP), lateral margin of the condylar process (ConP), and midpoint of CorP and ConP (MP) were measured with reference to the ala‐tragus line. The thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the masseter muscle, the temporalis muscle, and the depth of the LPM were measured at the MP. The masseter muscle, temporalis muscle, and LPM were observed in all cases and located in order from superficial to deep. The MP was located 39.6 ± 3.3 mm anterior and 7.8 ± 1.6 mm inferior to the tragus. The thicknesses of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, the masseter muscle, the temporalis muscle, and the depth of the LPM at the MP were 9.7 ± 1.0, 10.3 ± 1.3, 10.9 ± 1.6, and 30.9 ± 1.9 mm, respectively. The information reported in this study may be useful for determining the location of the LPM and adjacent anatomical structures in TMD patients and provide accurate and safe injection guidelines.
Heed new OCR Title IX guidance for Title IX coordinator duties
Authors: Lyerly Eric 
Published: October 2024

The U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights published new resources on Sept. 12, 2024 addressing compliance with the 2024 Title IX regulations. One resource, 2024 Title IX Regulations: Impact on Title IX Coordinator Duties, explains the new and updated requirements for Title IX coordinators.
Horizontal Versus Vertical: The Visual Balance Effects of Comparative Price Presentation
Authors: Wang Xingang , Wang Lulu , Xie Zhipeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTExisting studies on comparative price advertisements mainly address how the physical factors of price presentation (e.g., font size, physical distance, background color) influence consumers' numerical processing and affect their discount perception and purchase intentions. However, this research takes a visual processing perspective to examine the visual balance effect of comparative price presentation (horizontal vs. vertical) on product preference. We used a scenario‐based experimental design to imagine an online shopping scenario. Study 1 indicates that horizontal (vs. vertical) comparative prices lead to heightened product attitudes/purchase intentions. Study 2 verified that perceived stability mediates the visual balance effect. In addition, Study 3 shows that the visual balance effect is moderated by the fit of perceived stability with product characteristics. The conclusions contribute to the knowledge structure of comparative price presentation from a visual processing perspective and can guide more effective comparative price promotion.
Effect of O‐Acetylation on the Antigenicity and Glycoconjugate Immunogenicity of the Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotype 7F Capsular Polysaccharide
Authors: Soubal Jean‐Pierre , Lugo Aloyma , Santana‐Mederos Darielys , Garrido Raine , Rodriguez‐Noda Laura M. , Perez‐Nicado Rocmira , Soroa‐Millan Yamilka , Fariñas Mildrey , Valdés‐Balbín Yury , García‐Rivera Dagmar , Rivera Daniel G. , Vérez‐Bencomo Vicente 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae is a bacterial pathogen causing diseases as severe as pneumonia, sepsis and meningitis. Most commercial pneumococcal conjugate vaccines contain the 7F serotype, which is epidemiologically relevant and highly invasive. This serotype contains an O‐acetyl group at the internal L‐rhamnose of its polysaccharide repeating unit. Herein we report on the role of the O‐acetyl moiety of 7F polysaccharide in both antigen recognition and the induction of a protective antibody response against 7F. Fully and partially de‐O‐acetylated 7F polysaccharides were chemically prepared and compared with the O‐acetylated counterpart in their antigenicity and immunogenicity of their tetanus toxoid glycoconjugates. These comparative studies showed a slight but consistent decrease in the antigenicity for the fully de‐O‐acetylated polysaccharide, but not for the partly de‐O‐acetylated variant. The glycoconjugates derived from the O‐acetylated and the fully de‐O‐acetylated polysaccharides had similar sizes and polysaccharide‐to‐protein ratio, and all proved both to be immunogenic and induce opsonophagocytic responses in mice. Nevertheless, the immune response elicited by the O‐acetylated glycoconjugate was better in both quantity and quality, proving that the O‐acetyl group is not strictly necessary but also not irrelevant for the antigenicity and immunogenicity of the 7F serotype polysaccharide and its glycoconjugates.