bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of education of nurses on preventing catheter‐associated urinary tract infections in patients who undergo hip fracture surgery
Authors: Seyhan Ak Ezgi , Özbaş Ayfer 
Published: November 2017

Aims and objectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the effect of educating nurses on preventing catheter‐associated urinary tract infections in patients who undergo hip fracture surgery.BackgroundUrinary tract infections after hip fracture surgery are observed at a rate of 12% to 61%, and the most important risk factor associated with urinary tract infection is considered to be the presence of urinary catheters. Nurse education about the use and management of urinary catheters is important to decrease the risk of urinary tract infections.DesignThe study was semi‐experimental.MethodsThe study was conducted in an orthopedics and traumatology clinic of a training hospital between January 2014–December 2015. After a power analysis was performed, a total of 60 patients fulfilled the criteria to be included in the study, with n = 30 in the pre‐education group and n = 30 in the posteducation group. Nurses who worked in the orthopedics and traumatology clinic of the military hospital were the target population, and 18 nurses who consented to join the study constituted the sample. The “Patient Monitoring Form,” “Nurse Information Form” and “Daily Urinary Catheter Assessment Tool” were used as data collection tools.ResultsThe mean pre‐education knowledge score of the nurses was found to be 68.05 ± 10.69, while the mean posteducation score was 95.13 ± 6.27. The mean catheter duration decreased from 11.06 ± 6.34 days–3.83 ± 0.95 days after the education. The catheter‐associated urinary tract infection rate decreased by 9.37 per thousand.ConclusionEducating nurses on preventing catheter‐associated urinary tract infections in patients who underwent hip fracture surgery significantly decreased the rate of catheter‐associated urinary tract infections and the duration of catheterisation.Relevance to clinical practiceThe systematic and comprehensive education of all healthcare professionals and the development and practice of catheter removal protocols could contribute to the prevention of catheter‐associated urinary tract infections.
Spontaneous post‐partum rupture of bilateral ovarian arteries treated with transarterial embolization
Authors: Stanborough Rupert , Hamrick Kathleen , Stephens Christopher 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRupture of an ovarian artery aneurysm in the peripartum period occurs in both traumatic and atraumatic settings. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spontaneous atraumatic rupture of the bilateral ovarian arteries. This report describes a multiparous recently post‐partum patient with abdominal pain and signs of hemodynamic compromise, the sequela of hemoperitoneum from ruptured bilateral ovarian arteries. With a multidisciplinary approach, this patient was successfully treated with transarterial embolization.
Carcass traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and antioxidant gene expression in muscle and liver of Hu lambs fed perilla seed
Authors: Deng K. P. , Fan Y. X. , Ma T. W. , Wang Z. , TanTai W. J. , Nie H. T. , Guo Y. X. , Yu X. Q. , Sun L. W. , Wang F. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryThe effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) seed on carcass traits, meat quality, antioxidant status and antioxidant gene expression in the liver and muscle of Hu lambs were investigated in this study. Sixty Hu lambs (23.02 ± 1.36 kg) were randomly divided into four experimental groups receiving diets containing 0%, 5%, 10% or 15% perilla seed (CD, 5%PFSD, 10%PFSD and 15%PFSD, respectively). The addition of perilla seed had no significant impacts on carcass traits (p > .05). There were no differences in pH, meat colour, drip loss, cooking loss or shear force among the four treatments (p > .05). Addition of perilla seed increased (p < .05) deposition of intramuscular lipids but had no effect on other chemical components in the longissimus dorsi (LD) (p > .05). The 15%PFSD diet decreased the total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver (p < .05 for both) but increased the activity of these antioxidant enzymes in LD (p < .05 for both). Compared to CD, addition of perilla seed increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) expression in the liver and LD (p < .05 for all). These results indicate that perilla seed supplementation in lambs’ diets can increase deposition of intramuscular lipids and improve muscular oxidative status and meat quality.
Weight Loss Success of Participants Residing in Rural and Urban Areas
Authors: Mench Elise , West Delia , Krukowski Rebecca , Harvey Jean 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeRural residents are significantly more likely to be overweight and obese than are urban residents. However, few data have compared weight control program responses in these population groups. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the weight loss outcomes of participants in a multisite, online behavioral intervention by residential location (rural vs urban) and, second, assess any possible differences in adherence to treatment goals.MethodsA total of 492 adult participants (mean BMI = 35.7 kg/m2; 90% female; 24% minority) were categorized based on their home ZIP code and the 2010 US Census Urban and Rural Classification criteria (58.3% rural; 41.7% urban). Weight (kg) was measured in‐person at baseline and 6 months after participating in a behavioral weight control intervention. Adherence to physical activity and calorie and fat intake goals was assessed based on weekly self‐monitoring journals. Weekly online chat attendance and completion of weekly online self‐monitoring journals were recorded. Presence of obesogenic foods in the home was self‐reported at baseline and 6 months.FindingsThere were no statistically significant differences in weight loss between rural and urban participants (‐6.1 kg vs ‐5.3 kg, P = .16), nor were there differences in chat attendance, self‐monitoring journals, self‐reported physical activity, calorie intake, or obesogenic foods reported in the household.ConclusionsOverall, there was no difference in weight loss and adherence to treatment goals for rural and urban participants. Further research on rural and urban residents is necessary to explore the factors responsible for the disparity in obesity prevalence.
FzlA, an essential regulator of FtsZ filament curvature, controls constriction rate during Caulobacter division
Authors: Lariviere Patrick J. , Szwedziak Piotr , Mahone Christopher R. , Löwe Jan , Goley Erin D. 
Published: November 2017

SummaryDuring bacterial division, polymers of the tubulin‐like GTPase FtsZ assemble at midcell to form the cytokinetic Z‐ring, which coordinates peptidoglycan (PG) remodeling and envelope constriction. Curvature of FtsZ filaments promotes membrane deformation in vitro, but its role in division in vivo remains undefined. Inside cells, FtsZ directs PG insertion at the division plane, though it is unclear how FtsZ structure and dynamics are mechanistically coupled to PG metabolism. Here we study FzlA, a division protein that stabilizes highly curved FtsZ filaments, as a tool for assessing the contribution of FtsZ filament curvature to constriction. We show that in Caulobacter crescentus, FzlA must bind to FtsZ for division to occur and that FzlA‐mediated FtsZ curvature is correlated with efficient division. We observed that FzlA influences constriction rate, and that this activity is associated with its ability to bind and curve FtsZ polymers. Further, we found that a slowly constricting fzlA mutant strain develops ‘pointy’ poles, suggesting that FzlA influences the relative contributions of radial versus longitudinal PG insertion at the septum. These findings implicate FzlA as a critical coordinator of envelope constriction through its interaction with FtsZ and suggest a functional link between FtsZ curvature and efficient constriction in C. crescentus.
When is anti‐Zionism morally legitimate?
Authors: Oxman Evan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe claim that Zionism is fundamentally or intrinsically morally compromised is unfortunately more commonly articulated and expressed than it deserves to be. While there are certainly good reasons to be critical of Israeli governmental policy (both now and in the past), those who question the very right of a Jewish state to exist on land approximating the current territory of Israel without extrapolating this principle to other cases are being philosophically disingenuous. While I concede that it is perfectly reasonable to object to the creation and maintenance of a Jewish state on the basis of either its exclusionary character or its problematic history, I suggest that such arguments should equally apply to virtually every other nation‐state. Thus, while anti‐Zionism is not necessarily a morally illegitimate claim, unless its claims are paired with a more radical rejection of the nation‐state tout court, it should be considered as such.
Source and sink mechanisms of nitrogen transport and use
Authors: Tegeder Mechthild , Masclaux‐Daubresse Céline 
Published: November 2017

ContentsSummary35I.Introduction35II.Nitrogen acquisition and assimilation36III.Root‐to‐shoot transport of nitrogen38IV.Nitrogen storage pools in vegetative tissues39V.Nitrogen transport from source leaf to sink40VI.Nitrogen import into sinks42VII.Relationship between source and sink nitrogen transport processes and metabolism43VIII.Regulation of nitrogen transport43IX.Strategies for crop improvement44X.Conclusions46Acknowledgements47References47SummaryNitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. World‐wide, large quantities of nitrogenous fertilizer are applied to ensure maximum crop productivity. However, nitrogen fertilizer application is expensive and negatively affects the environment, and subsequently human health. A strategy to address this problem is the development of crops that are efficient in acquiring and using nitrogen and that can achieve high seed yields with reduced nitrogen input. This review integrates the current knowledge regarding inorganic and organic nitrogen management at the whole‐plant level, spanning from nitrogen uptake to remobilization and utilization in source and sink organs. Plant partitioning and transient storage of inorganic and organic nitrogen forms are evaluated, as is how they affect nitrogen availability, metabolism and mobilization. Essential functions of nitrogen transporters in source and sink organs and their importance in regulating nitrogen movement in support of metabolism, and vegetative and reproductive growth are assessed. Finally, we discuss recent advances in plant engineering, demonstrating that nitrogen transporters are effective targets to improve crop productivity and nitrogen use efficiency. While inorganic and organic nitrogen transporters were examined separately in these studies, they provide valuable clues about how to successfully combine approaches for future crop engineering.
The Association of British Neurologists' myasthenia gravis guidelines
Authors: Sussman Jon , Farrugia Maria E. , Maddison Paul , Hill Marguerite , Leite M. Isabel , Hilton‐Jones David 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMyasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction for which many therapies were developed before the era of evidence‐based medicine. Despite the basic principles of treatment being well known, patients continue to receive suboptimal treatment. A myasthenia gravis guidelines group was therefore established under the aegis of the Association of British Neurologists. These guidelines attempt to steer a path between evidence‐based practice where available and established best practice where evidence is unavailable. It is not possible to consider all the potential decisions in managing MG without resorting to opinion rather than evidence. Where there is insufficient evidence or a choice of options, the guidelines invite the clinician to seek the opinion of a myasthenia expert. The guidelines support clinicians in using the right treatments in the right order and in optimizing the use of well‐known therapeutic agents. Clinical practice can be audited against these guidelines.
Near‐Optimality of Coarse Service Grades for Customer Differentiation in Queueing Systems
Authors: Nazerzadeh Hamid , Randhawa Ramandeep S. 
Published: November 2017

We analyze a service firm that caters to price and delay‐sensitive customers who are differentiated on both their value for the service and the cost of waiting. There is a continuum of customer types in our setting and we model each customer's cost of waiting to be linear in the delay incurred with a multiplier that is an increasing linear or sub‐linear function of the customer's value for the service. Using a large system approach, we characterize the firm's revenue maximizing menu of price and delay quotations and the value of customer differentiation. We further characterize the value of offering coarse or few service grades and find that offering two service grades is asymptotically optimal on the typical square‐root scale, relative to the optimal policy.
Combining Sharp and Smooth Transitions in Volatility Dynamics: A Fuzzy Regime Approach
Authors: Gallo Giampiero M. , Otranto Edoardo 
Published: November 2017

SummaryVolatility in financial markets is characterized by alternating persistent turmoil and quiet periods, but also by a slowly varying average level. This slow moving component keeps open the question of whether some of its features are better represented as abrupt or smooth changes between local averages of volatility. We provide a new class of models with a set of parameters subject to abrupt changes in regime (Markov switching) and another set subject to smooth transition changes. These models capture the possibility that regimes may overlap with one another (fuzzy). The empirical application is carried out on the volatility of four US indices. It shows that the flexibility of the new model enables a better overall performance over either Markov switching or smooth transitions and provides a local average volatility measure as a parametric estimation of the low frequency component.
IL‐23 Activated γδ T Cells Affect Th17 Cells and Regulatory T Cells by Secreting IL‐21 in Children with Primary Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Zhang L. , Yan J. , Yang B. , Zhang G. , Wang M. , Dong S. , Liu W. , Yang H. , Li Q. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study (1) analysed the percentage of γδ T cells, γδ T cell subsets, Th17 cells and regulatory T cells (Treg cells) and (2) determined the role of IL‐23 in primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS) patients with active disease and in remission. Eighty‐four patients with PNS and 51 healthy age‐matched controls were included in this study. The percentage of γδ T cells, γδ T cell subsets, Th17 cells and Treg cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analysed by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting. PMBCs from PNS patients with active disease were cultured in the presence of IL‐23, IL‐23 and an IL‐23 antagonist, or IL23 and an anti‐IL‐21 monoclonal antibody (mAb). The percentage of γδ T cells, IL‐23R+ γδ T cells and IL‐17+ γδ T cells were significantly increased in PNS patients with active disease. There was a positive correlation between the percentage of γδ T cells, IL‐23R+ γδ T cells, IL‐17+ γδ T cells and the Th17/Treg ratio. IL‐23 increased the percentage of γδ T cells and Th17 cells and decreased the percentage of Treg cells in PBMCs isolated from PNS patients with active disease. Anti‐IL‐21 mAb reduced the percentage of γδ T cells and Th17 cells, but increased the percentage of Treg cells. γδ T cells, IL‐17+ γδ T cells and IL‐23R+ γδ T cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of paediatric PNS by modulating the balance of Th17/Treg cells. γδ T cells may cause an imbalance in Th17/Treg cells by secreting IL‐21 in the presence of IL‐23.
Necrotizing Microascus tracheobronchitis in a bilateral lung transplant recipient
Authors: Taton Olivier , Bernier Benjamin , Etienne Isabelle , Bondue Benjamin , Lecomte Sophie , Knoop Christiane , Jacob Frederique , Montesinos Isabel 
Published: November 2017

AbstractInvasive fungal infections are a major cause of mortality among solid organ transplant recipients. Scopulariopsis species and their teleomorph Microascus are molds found in soil and decaying organic matter. We report here the case of a woman who underwent bilateral lung transplantation for severe emphysema. On day 25 after transplantation, endobronchial green‐black lesions were detected during routine endoscopy. Endobronchial swabs, biopsies, and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were positive for Microascus cirrosus. This fungal infection developed despite voriconazole given for previous persistent invasive aspergillosis. Treatment consisted of a combination of antifungal medication (voriconazole, terbinafine, amphotericin B, and caspofungin) and endoscopic resection of necrosed bronchial mucosa. A favorable clinical outcome was achieved after 7 weeks of treatment. Seven cases of Scopulariopsis/Microascus infection have been previously described in solid organ transplant recipients. Only two survived after treatment with an antifungal combination therapy including echinocandins, posaconazole, and terbinafine. In immunocompromised patients, infection by Microascus species is a rare but life‐threatening event because of innate resistance to most common antifungal drugs. Our patient was successfully cured by combined therapy including intravenous voriconazole and caspofungin, oral terbinafine, and inhaled voriconazole and amphotericin B administered for 7 weeks in association with iterative endoscopic debridement to reduce fungal inoculum.
Enteric Infections in Young Children are Associated with Environmental Enteropathy and Impaired Growth
Authors: George Christine Marie , Burrowes Vanessa , Perin Jamie , Oldja Lauren , Biswas Shwapon , Sack David , Ahmed Shahnawaz , Haque Rashidul , Bhuiyan Nurul Amin , Parvin Tahmina , Bhuyian Sazzadul Islam , Akter Mahmuda , Li Shan , Natarajan Gayathri , Shahnaij Mohammad , Faruque Abu G. , Stine O. Colin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between faecal contamination in child play spaces, enteric infections, environmental enteropathy (EE) and impaired growth among young children.MethodsA prospective cohort study was conducted of 203 children 6–30 months of age in rural Bangladesh. Stool samples were analysed by quantitative PCR for Shigella, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Campylobacter jejuni, Giardia intestinalis and Cryptosporidium spp. Four faecal markers of intestinal inflammation were also measured: alpha‐1‐antitrypsin, myeloperoxidase, neopterin and calprotectin. Child growth was measured at baseline and 9 months after enrolment. E. coli was measured in soil in child play spaces.ResultsForty‐seven percent of study children had three or more enteric pathogens in their stool. Thirty five percent (71/203) of children had Shigella, 30% (61/203) had ETEC, 73% (148/203) had C. jejuni, 79% (160/203) had Giardia intestinalis and none had Cryptosporidium. Children with ETEC had significantly higher calprotectin concentrations (Coefficient: 1.35, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.005, 1.82). Children with Shigella had a significantly higher odds of being stunted at our 9‐month follow‐up (OR: 2.01, 95% CI: 1.02, 3.93). Children with Giardia intestinalis had significantly higher E.coli counts in the soil collected from their play spaces (OR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.48).ConclusionEnteric infections were significantly associated with EE and impaired growth in rural Bangladesh. These findings provide further evidence to support the hypothesis that contaminated soil in child play spaces can lead to enteric infections, many of which are likely subclinical, resulting in EE and impaired growth in young children.
Secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging and multivariate data analysis reveal co‐aggregation patterns of Populus trichocarpa leaf surface compounds on a micrometer scale
Authors: Kulkarni Purva , Dost Mina , Bulut Özgül Demir , Welle Alexander , Böcker Sebastian , Boland Wilhelm , Svatoš Aleš 
Published: November 2017

SummarySpatially resolved analysis of a multitude of compound classes has become feasible with the rapid advancement in mass spectrometry imaging strategies. In this study, we present a protocol that combines high lateral resolution time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS) imaging with a multivariate data analysis (MVA) approach to probe the complex leaf surface chemistry of Populus trichocarpa. Here, epicuticular waxes (EWs) found on the adaxial leaf surface of P. trichocarpa were blotted on silicon wafers and imaged using TOF‐SIMS at 10 μm and 1 μm lateral resolution. Intense M+● and M−● molecular ions were clearly visible, which made it possible to resolve the individual compound classes present in EWs. Series of long‐chain aliphatic saturated alcohols (C21–C30), hydrocarbons (C25–C33) and wax esters (WEs; C44–C48) were clearly observed. These data correlated with the 7Li‐chelation matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) analysis, which yielded mostly molecular adduct ions of the analyzed compounds. Subsequently, MVA was used to interrogate the TOF‐SIMS dataset for identifying hidden patterns on the leaf's surface based on its chemical profile. After the application of principal component analysis (PCA), a small number of principal components (PCs) were found to be sufficient to explain maximum variance in the data. To further confirm the contributions from pure components, a five‐factor multivariate curve resolution (MCR) model was applied. Two distinct patterns of small islets, here termed ‘crystals’, were apparent from the resulting score plots. Based on PCA and MCR results, the crystals were found to be formed by C23 or C29 alcohols. Other less obvious patterns observed in the PCs revealed that the adaxial leaf surface is coated with a relatively homogenous layer of alcohols, hydrocarbons and WEs. The ultra‐high‐resolution TOF‐SIMS imaging combined with the MVA approach helped to highlight the diverse patterns underlying the leaf's surface. Currently, the methods available to analyze the surface chemistry of waxes in conjunction with the spatial information related to the distribution of compounds are limited. This study uses tools that may provide important biological insights into the composition of the wax layer, how this layer is repaired after mechanical damage or insect feeding, and which transport mechanisms are involved in deploying wax constituents to specific regions on the leaf surface.