bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Three-arm Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Continuous Femoral Plus Single-injection Sciatic Peripheral Nerve Blocks versus Periarticular Injection with Ropivacaine or Liposomal Bupivacaine for Patients Undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Amundson Adam W. , Johnson Rebecca L. , Abdel Matthew P. , Mantilla Carlos B. , Panchamia Jason K. , Taunton Michael J. , Kralovec Michael E. , Hebl James R. , Schroeder Darrell R. , Pagnano Mark W. , Kopp Sandra L. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Multimodal analgesia is standard practice for total knee arthroplasty; however, the role of regional techniques in improved perioperative outcomes remains unknown. The authors hypothesized that peripheral nerve blockade would result in lower pain scores and opioid consumption than two competing periarticular injection solutions.

Methods
This three-arm, nonblinded trial randomized 165 adults undergoing unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty to receive (1) femoral catheter plus sciatic nerve blocks, (2) ropivacaine-based periarticular injection, or (3) liposomal bupivacaine-based periarticular injection. Primary outcome was maximal pain during postoperative day 1 (0 to 10, numerical pain rating scale) in intention-to-treat analysis. Additional outcomes included pain scores and opioid consumption for postoperative days 0 to 2 and 3 months.

Results
One hundred fifty-seven study patients received peripheral nerve block (n = 50), ropivacaine (n = 55), or liposomal bupivacaine (n = 52) and reported median maximal pain scores on postoperative day 1 of 3, 4, and 4.5 and on postoperative day 0 of 1, 4, and 5, respectively (average pain scores for postoperative day 0: 0.6, 1.7, and 2.4 and postoperative day 1: 2.5, 3.5, and 3.7). Postoperative day 1 median maximal pain scores were significantly lower for peripheral nerve blockade compared to liposomal bupivacaine-based periarticular injection (P = 0.016; Hodges–Lehmann median difference [95% CI] = −1 [−2 to 0]). After postanesthesia care unit discharge, postoperative day 0 median maximal and average pain scores were significantly lower for peripheral nerve block compared to both periarticular injections (ropivacaine: maximal −2 [−3 to −1]; P < 0.001; average −0.8 [−1.3 to −0.2]; P = 0.003; and liposomal bupivacaine: maximal −3 [−4 to −2]; P < 0.001; average −1.4 [−2.0 to −0.8]; P < 0.001).

Conclusions
Ropivacaine-based periarticular injections provide pain control comparable on postoperative days 1 and 2 to a femoral catheter and single-injection sciatic nerve block. This study did not demonstrate an advantage of liposomal bupivacaine over ropivacaine in periarticular injections for total knee arthroplasty.
A Longitudinal Investigation of the Home Literacy Environment and Shared Book Reading in Young Children With Hearing Loss
Authors: DesJardin Jean L. , Stika Carren J. , Eisenberg Laurie S. , Johnson Karen C. , Hammes Ganguly Dianne M. , Henning Shirley C. , Colson Bethany G. 
Published: February 2017

Objectives:The principle goal of this longitudinal study was to examine parent perceptions of home literacy environment (e.g., frequency of book reading, ease of book reading with child) and observed behaviors during shared book reading (SBR) interactions between parents and their children with hearing loss (HL) as compared with parents and their children with normal hearing (NH) across 3 time points (12, 24, and 36 months old). Relationships were also explored among home literacy environment factors and SBR behaviors and later language outcomes, across all three time points for parents of children with and without HL.Design:Participants were a group of parents and their children with HL (N = 17) and typically developing children with NH (N = 34). Parent perceptions about the home literacy environment were captured through a questionnaire. Observed parent behaviors and their use of facilitative language techniques were coded during videotaped SBR interactions. Children’s oral language skills were assessed using a standardized language measure at each time point.Results:No significant differences emerged between groups of parents (HL and NH) in terms of perceived home literacy environment at 12 and 36 months. However, significant group differences were evident for parent perceived ease of reading to their child at 24 months. Group differences also emerged for parental SBR behaviors for literacy strategies and interactive reading at 12 months and for engagement and interactive reading at 36 months, with parents of children with HL scoring lower in all factors. No significant relationships emerged between early home literacy factors and SBR behaviors at 12 months and oral language skills at 36 months for parents of children with NH. However, significant positive relationships were evident between early home literacy environment factors at 12 months and oral language skills at 36 months for parents and their children with HL.Conclusions:Although both groups of parents increased their frequency of SBR behaviors over time, parents of children with HL may need additional support to optimize SBR experiences to better guide their toddlers’ and preschoolers’ language skills. Early intervention efforts that focus on SBR interactions that are mutually enjoyed and incorporate specific ways to encourage parent–child conversations will be essential as children with HL acquire language.
Radial Peripapillary Capillary Density Measurement Using Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Early Glaucoma
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum , Sivaswamy Jayanthi , Gamalapati Jahnavi Sai , Balakrishna Nagalla 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
The purpose of the study was to compare radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) density between normal subjects and patients with early primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Materials and Methods:
A total of 24 patients with early POAG and age-matched 52 normal subjects underwent scanning with OCT-A imaging (RTVue XR-100, Avanti OCT). The enface angioflow images obtained were analyzed qualitatively for the RPC network, and RPC capillary density (CD) was measured in 8 sectors within a 3.45-mm-diameter circle around the optic disc, using the Bar-Selective Combination of Shifted Filter Responses (B-COSFIRE) method. CD and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were compared between corresponding sectors with the Mann-Whitney U test. Correlations between CD and Humphrey visual field parameters and optic disc structural parameters were calculated by linear regression analysis.

Results:
In the normal eyes, RPC bed was clearly visible on OCT-A as a dense microvascular network around the optic disc, whereas in POAG patients it was focally attenuated. RPC CD was lower in the inferotemporal (P=0.002) and superotemporal (P=0.008) sectors with corresponding focal RNFL defect in POAG patients when compared with normal controls. The average CD correlated with visual field mean deviation (P=0.01) and pattern standard deviation (P=0.02) in glaucomatous eyes.

Conclusions:
OCT-A demonstrated reproducible, focal loss of RPCs in patients with early POAG when compared with normal controls. The results of our study suggest that the RPC density measurements may have a value in the diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma.
Effect of Surgical Intraocular Pressure Lowering on Peripapillary and Macular Vessel Density in Glaucoma Patients: An Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography Study
Authors: Zéboulon Pierre , Lévêque Pierre-Maxime , Brasnu Emmanuelle , Aragno Vittoria , Hamard Pascale , Baudouin Christophe , Labbé Antoine 
Published: February 2017

Purpose:
To measure the influence of surgically induced intraocular pressure lowering on peripapillary and macular vessel density in glaucoma patients using optical coherence tomography angiography.

Methods:
Twenty-one eyes of 21 patients with open-angle glaucoma scheduled for filtering surgery were enrolled prospectively. Using optical coherence tomography angiography, vessel density was quantified within the peripapillary and macular regions, before and 1 month after filtering surgery. Change in vessel density was calculated for all analyzed areas.

Results:
One month after surgery, the mean intraocular pressure reduction was 44.2%±4.8% (range, 15.2% to 77.1%). The mean change in vessel density for the whole peripapillary area was 0.065±0.88% (P=0.788). In the macular region, the mean change in vessel density was −0.022%±0.691% (P=0.405) with significant changes only within the inferotemporal area of patients with predominantly superior visual field defects (−1.86%±1.43%, P=0.024).

Conclusions:
Optical coherence tomography angiography allowed very limited measurement of intraocular pressure lowering-induced changes on the vessel density of the peripapillary and macular regions in glaucoma patients.
Intermediate and Long-term Outcomes of Mitomycin C–enhanced Trabeculectomy as a First Glaucoma Procedure in Uveitic Glaucoma
Authors: Almobarak Faisal A. , Alharbi Ali H. , Morales Jose , Aljadaan Ibrahim 
Published: February 2017

Objectives:
To evaluate the intermediate and long-term outcomes of mitomycin C–enhanced trabeculectomy as a first glaucoma procedure in uveitic glaucoma.

Materials and Methods:
Retrospective cohort study included 70 eyes of 50 patients with uveitic glaucoma who underwent mitomycin C–enhanced trabeculectomy as a first glaucoma procedure at King Khaled Eye Specialist Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between 1996 and 2014. The main outcome measures were: the intraocular pressure (IOP), the number of antiglaucoma medications, the presence of visually threatening complications, and the need for further surgeries to control the IOP. Surgical outcome of each eye was classified as an absolute success, qualified success, or failure, based on the main outcome measures.

Results:
The mean follow-up period was 77.0 months (±40.9). The IOP and number of antiglaucoma medications decreased significantly from a mean of 39.5 mm Hg (±8.9) and 3.7 (±0.8) to 14.4 mm Hg (±6.9) and 1 (±1.3) at the last follow-up, respectively (P<0.001 for both). The cumulative probabilities of success were 60% and 35.7% at 36 and 60 months postoperatively, respectively. The most common complications were cataract development and progression (45.3%), hypotony (IOP ≤5 mm Hg) (30%) and IOP spike≥30 mm Hg (10%). Eighteen eyes (25.7%) needed a second procedure to control the IOP.

Conclusions:
Although mitomycin C–enhanced trabeculectomy offers reasonable intermediate and long-term IOP control and safety in uveitic glaucoma, a significant number of patients needed further procedures to control the pressure. Thus, continuous monitoring of the pressure and inflammation are crucial.
Food Insecurity
Authors: Browne Nancy T. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Food insecurity is a threat to the physical and mental health of children and their families. In this article, food insecurity prevalence, definitions, and related concepts will be reviewed. Using a theoretical framework, food insecurity will be related to assessment and interventions appropriate to food-insecure situations. Assessment tools appropriate for the clinical setting will be discussed. Interventions both at the clinical and community levels will be proposed.
Food insecurity is a dynamic, complex issue associated with health, educational, and economic factors. Food insecurity of any severity impacts families and communities in multiple ways. For health care providers, assessing for food insecurity reveals more about a family's struggles than about the availability of food in their home; it is a window into a broader view of the family's strengths and challenges.
Treatment of Lateral Skull Base and Posterior Cranial Fossa Lesions Utilizing the Extended Middle Cranial Fossa Approach
Authors: Roche Joseph P. , Goates Andrew J. , Hasan David M. , Howard Matthew A. , Menezes Arnold H. , Hansen Marlan R. , Gantz Bruce J. 
Published: February 2017

Objective:
Define the indications and outcomes for subjects undergoing treatment utilizing the extended middle cranial fossa approach (EMCF).

Study Design:
Retrospective records review.

Setting:
University-based tertiary referral center.

Patients:
Subjects undergoing treatment of posterior cranial fossa (PCF) lesions.

Intervention(s):
EMCF exposure and treatment of the indicating PCF lesion.

Main Outcome Measure(s):
Demographic, audiometric, and cranial nerve functioning variables were assessed.

Results:
Thirty-five subjects who underwent an EMCF exposure were identified over a 12-year period. The most common indication was meningioma (18; 51%) followed by schwannomas (six, 17%), and vascular lesions (five, 14%). Preoperative cranial nerve complaints were common (32, 94%) as were objective cranial nerve abnormalities on physical examination (21; 60%). Preoperative audiometric data from subjects with hearing demonstrated good functioning including pure-tone average (PTA) (21.7 ± 15.6 dB HL) and word understanding scores (95.1 ± 7.4%). Most (34, 97%) subjects had intact facial nerve function. The average length of stay was 11.6 days (median = 9). Cranial neuropathies were common postoperatively with 27 (79%) subjects demonstrating some objective cranial nerve dysfunction, the most common of which was trigeminal nerve hypesthesia (21, 61.7%). Subjects with identifiable pre- and postoperative audiometric data and preoperative hearing demonstrated small declines in the four-tone average (16.2 dB) and word recognition scores (22.4%). Two subjects (6%) had new profound hearing loss postoperatively.

Conclusions:
The EMCF approach can provide safe and effective exposure of the anterior PCF.
Malignant pheochromocytoma–paraganglioma: pathogenesis, TNM staging, and current clinical trials
Authors: Roman-Gonzalez Alejandro , Jimenez Camilo 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGs) are rare neuroendocrine tumors. Over the last 15 years, substantial progress has been made toward understanding the clinical aspects and molecular origins of this disease. Nevertheless, predicting and managing malignancy remains the biggest challenge in clinical practice. The natural history of patients with malignant PPGs has not yet been described, and their prognosis varies. Currently, the diagnosis of malignant PPGs relies on the presence of metastases, by which time the disease is usually advanced. Better understanding of the clinical and molecular characteristics of patients with malignant PPGs has spurred several prospective clinical trials.

Recent findings
Several molecular targeted therapies, a novel radiopharmaceutical medication that targets the catecholamine transporter, and immunotherapy are under evaluation for the treatment of patients with malignant PPGs. Furthermore, the identification of clinical predictors of malignancy and survival has led to the first TNM staging classification for PPGs.

Summary
Prospective clinical trials are providing patients with therapeutic options beyond systemic chemotherapy. The knowledge derived from these trials and from the evaluation of the TNM staging in clinical practice will help to clarify how to most effectively treat malignant PPGs.
Androgens and athletic performance of elite female athletes
Authors: Bermon Stéphane 
Published: February 2017

Purpose of review
During the last decades androgens have been used illicitly by athletes of both genders. Because of some obvious ethical limitations, mechanisms underlying the performance-enhancing effects of these hormone or drugs, as well as the magnitude of their effects, have been poorly addressed. This review aims to combine findings from field and from the laboratory to provide new insights into the ergogenic properties of endogenous or exogenous androgens on female athletes.

Recent findings
Results obtained from recent neuropsychological studies indicated that testosterone, and not the sex chromosomes, is responsible for the sexual differentiation of visuospatial neural activation. These findings could explain how males and hyperandrogenic females benefit from androgens performance-enhancing effects in sports where visuospatial abilities are closely linked to better performance. Another study conducted on elite female athletes showed that, in some athletic events, where muscle power is of critical importance, individuals with the highest free testosterone concentration significantly outperformed competitors with the lowest free testosterone concentration.

Summary
In some sport events, female athletes with high or very high androgen levels (whether it is from endogenous or exogenous origin) have an estimated competitive benefit of 2–5% over those with androgen levels within the normal female range. These findings are to be taken into account in the actual controversy about eligibility of females with hyperandrogenism to compete in women's sports.
Childbirth and New Mother Experiences of Arab Migrant Women
Authors: Bawadi Hala , Ahmad Muayyad M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Purpose:
To explore the experience of childbirth and becoming a new mother for Arab migrant women in the United Kingdom.

Study Design & Methods:
Hermeneutic phenomenology design was used to investigate the childbirth and early mothering experience of migrant Arab Muslim women from several countries to United Kingdom. Purposive sampling was chosen. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews.

Results:
The emerging theme “displacement and reformation of the self” includes four subthemes from analyses of participants' interviews. These were the emerging dominance of the nuclear family over the extended family: self-contained/self-worth; moving from dependence: self-governing/self-reliance; freedom from cultural constraints: self-determination; and achieving peace of mind: self-satisfaction.

Conclusion:
Exploring the perception of migrant Muslim women's childbirth and new mother experiences in a foreign land may help caregivers better understand their healthcare needs.
Validity of the Worth 4 Dot Test in Patients with Red-Green Color Vision Defect
Authors: Bak Eunoo , Yang Hee Kyung , Hwang Jeong-Min 
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The Worth four dot test uses red and green glasses for binocular dissociation, and although it has been believed that patients with red-green color vision defects cannot accurately perform the Worth four dot test, this has not been validated. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to demonstrate the validity of the Worth four dot test in patients with congenital red-green color vision defects who have normal or abnormal binocular vision.

Methods
A retrospective review of medical records was performed on 30 consecutive congenital red-green color vision defect patients who underwent the Worth four dot test. The type of color vision anomaly was determined by the Hardy Rand and Rittler (HRR) pseudoisochromatic plate test, Ishihara color test, anomaloscope, and/or the 100 hue test. All patients underwent a complete ophthalmologic examination. Binocular sensory status was evaluated with the Worth four dot test and Randot stereotest. The results were interpreted according to the presence of strabismus or amblyopia.

Results
Among the 30 patients, 24 had normal visual acuity without strabismus nor amblyopia and 6 patients had strabismus and/or amblyopia. The 24 patients without strabismus nor amblyopia all showed binocular fusional responses by seeing four dots of the Worth four dot test. Meanwhile, the six patients with strabismus or amblyopia showed various results of fusion, suppression, and diplopia.

Conclusions
Congenital red-green color vision defect patients of different types and variable degree of binocularity could successfully perform the Worth four dot test. They showed reliable results that were in accordance with their estimated binocular sensory status.
A National Study of Patient Safety Culture in Hospitals in Sweden
Authors: Danielsson Marita , Nilsen Per , Rutberg Hans , Årestedt Kristofer 
Published: February 2017

Objective
Using the Hospital Survey on Patient Culture, our aim was to investigate the patient safety culture in all Swedish hospitals and to compare the culture among managers, physicians, registered nurses, and enrolled nurses and to identify factors associated with high overall patient safety.

Methods
The study used a correlational design based on cross-sectional surveys from health care practitioners in Swedish health care (N = 23,781). We analyzed the associations between overall patient safety (outcome variable) and 12 culture dimensions and 5 background characteristics (explanatory variables). Simple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the bivariate association between each explanatory variable and the outcome variable. The explanatory variables were entered to determine the multivariate associations between the variables and the outcome variable.

Results
The highest rated culture dimensions were “teamwork within units” and “nonpunitive response to error,” and the lowest rated dimensions were “management support for patient safety” and “staffing.” The multivariate analysis showed that long professional experience (>15 years) was associated with increased probability for high overall patient safety. Compared with general wards, the probability for high overall patient safety was higher for emergency care but lower for psychiatric care. The probability for high overall patient safety was higher for both enrolled nurses and physicians compared with managers.

Conclusions
The safety culture dimensions of the Hospital Survey on Patient Culture contributed far more to overall patient safety than the background characteristics, suggesting that these dimensions are very important in efforts to improve the overall patient safety culture.
Sensitivity of Neurons in the Middle Temporal Area of Marmoset Monkeys to Random Dot Motion
Authors: Chaplin Tristan A. , Allitt Benjamin J. , Hagan Maureen A. , Price Nicholas S. , Rajan Ramesh , Rosa Marcello G.P. , Lui Leo L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractNeurons in the Middle Temporal area (MT) of the primate cerebral cortex respond to moving visual stimuli. The sensitivity of MT neurons to motion signals can be characterized by using random-dot stimuli, in which the strength of the motion signal is manipulated by adding different levels of noise (elements that move in random directions). In macaques, this has allowed the calculation of “neurometric” thresholds. We characterized the responses of MT neurons in sufentanil/nitrous oxide anesthetized marmoset monkeys, a species which has attracted considerable recent interest as an animal model for vision research. We found that MT neurons show a wide range of neurometric thresholds, and that the responses of the most sensitive neurons could account for the behavioral performance of macaques and humans. We also investigated factors that contributed to the wide range of observed thresholds. The difference in firing rate between responses to motion in the preferred and null directions was the most effective predictor of neurometric threshold, whereas the direction tuning bandwidth had no correlation with the threshold. We also showed that it is possible to obtain reliable estimates of neurometric thresholds using stimuli that were not highly optimized for each neuron, as is often necessary when recording from large populations of neurons with different receptive field concurrently, as was the case in this study. These results demonstrate that marmoset MT shows an essential physiological similarity to macaque MT, and suggest that its neurons are capable of representing motion signals that allow for comparable motion-in-noise judgments.New and NoteworthyWe report the activity of neurons in marmoset MT in response to random-dot motion stimuli of varying coherence. The information carried by individual MT neurons was comparable to that of the macaque, and that the maximum firing rates were a strong predictor of sensitivity. Our study provides key information regarding the neural basis of motion perception in the marmoset, a small primate species that is becoming increasingly popular as an experimental model.