bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Associations of parental alcohol use disorders and parental separation with offspring initiation of alcohol, cigarette and cannabis use and sexual debut in high‐risk families
Authors: McCutcheon Vivia V. , Agrawal Arpana , Kuo Sally I‐Chun , Su Jinni , Dick Danielle M. , Meyers Jacquelyn L. , Edenberg Howard J. , Nurnberger John I. , Kramer John R. , Kuperman Samuel , Schuckit Marc A. , Hesselbrock Victor M. , Brooks Andrew , Porjesz Bernice , Bucholz Kathleen K. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and AimsParental alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and parental separation are associated with increased risk for early use of alcohol in offspring, but whether they increase risks for early use of other substances and for early sexual debut is under‐studied. We focused on associations of parental AUDs and parental separation with substance initiation and sexual debut to (1) test the strength of the associations of parental AUDs and parental separation with time to initiation (age in years) of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and sexual debut and (2) compare the strength of association of parental AUD and parental separation with initiation.DesignProspective adolescent and young adult cohort of a high‐risk family study, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA).SettingSix sites in the United States.ParticipantsA total of 3257 offspring (aged 14–33 years) first assessed in 2004 and sought for interview approximately every 2 years thereafter; 1945 (59.7%) offspring had a parent with an AUD.MeasurementsDiagnostic interview data on offspring substance use and sexual debut were based on first report of these experiences. Parental life‐time AUD was based on their own self‐report when parents were interviewed (1991–2005) for most parents, or on offspring and other family member reports for parents who were not interviewed. Parental separation was based on offspring reports of not living with both biological parents most of the time between ages 12 and 17 years.FindingsParental AUDs were associated with increased hazards for all outcomes, with cumulative hazards ranging from 1.19 to 2.71. Parental separation was also an independent and consistent predictor of early substance use and sexual debut, with hazards ranging from 1.19 to 2.34. The strength of association of parental separation with substance initiation was equal to that of having two AUD‐affected parents, and its association with sexual debut was stronger than the association of parental AUD in one or both parents.ConclusionsParental alcohol use disorders (AUDs) and parental separation are independent and consistent predictors of increased risk for early alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use and sexual debut in offspring from families with a high risk of parental AUDs.
Keeping in time: Issues affecting the sustainability of obstetric emergency simulation training in outer metropolitan, rural and remote centres in Western Australia
Authors: Whitelaw Claire , Calvert Katrina , Epee Mathias 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundObstetric emergency simulation training is an evidence‐based intervention for the reduction of perinatal and maternal morbidity. In Western Australia, obstetric emergency training has been run using the In Time course since 2006.AimsThe study aimed to determine if the provision of In Time train the trainer courses to outer metro, rural and remote units in Western Australia had led to sustained ongoing training in those units. Ten years following the introduction of the course, we performed a survey to examine which units are continuing to run In Time, what are the perceived benefits in units still utilising In Time, and what were the barriers to training in units that had discontinued.Materials and methodsA link to an online survey was sent to the units where In Time training had occurred. Telephone enquiries were additionally used to ensure a good response rate.ResultsThe survey response rate was 100%. Six of the 11 units where training had been provided continue to run In Time. Units where training had discontinued had done so in order to take up alternatives, or as a result of trainers leaving. Of the units who had discontinued training, one wished to recommence In Time.ConclusionsLocal in situ training in obstetric emergencies as exemplified by the In Time course remains a popular and valued training intervention across Western Australia. This training may be of particular benefit to small and remote units, but these are the areas in which training is hardest to sustain.
Homework: Toward a critical ethnography of the university
Authors: GUSTERSON HUGH 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTAnthropologists have not systematically studied universities, and ethnographies of the university focus too much on student life. The literature on the Cold War university, broadly concerned with the relationship between power and knowledge, could serve as a model for a critical anthropology of the neoliberal university. Such an anthropology would investigate various important issues—including the changing character of public and private universities, the rise of casual labor and corporate employment practices on campus, the student‐debt crisis, the university's role in increasing socioeconomic inequality and class immobility, and the relationship that such disciplines as economics and political science maintain with the state and capital. [university, neoliberalism, Cold War, class, debt, adjunct, United States]Los antropólogos no han estudiado la universidad sistemáticamente, y las etnografías de la universidad se enfocan demasiado en la vida estudiantil. La literatura sobre la universidad durante la Guerra Fría, generalmente centrada en la relación entre el poder y el conocimiento, puede servir de modelo para una antropología crítica de la universidad neoliberal. Tal antropología investigaría diferentes temas importantes —incluyendo la transformación de las universidades públicas y privadas, el aumento del trabajo temporal y de las prácticas corporativas de empleo en el campus universitario, la crisis de endeudamiento estudiantil, el rol de la universidad en el agravamiento de la desigualdad social y económica y la relación que mantienen disciplinas como la economía y la ciencia política con el estado y el capital—. [universidad, neoliberalismo, Guerra Fría, clase, deuda, profesores adjuntos, Estados Unidos]
An offer of pleasure: Islam, poetry, and the ethics of religious difference in a Kurdish home
Authors: BUSH J. ANDREW 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTRecent conflicts between Islamist and secularist parties in Iraqi Kurdistan have politicized pious and nonpious orientations to Islamic traditions. In public debate and domestic relations, tensions pervade relations between Muslims who pursue piety and those who do not. Yet affects of pleasure and joy also play a key role in the ethics of domestic relations. Evidence from the life of a Kurdish man and his family demonstrates that their orientation to Islam is inseparable from their orientation to one another. It also shows that affective pleasures linking the poetic imagination to household life are central to the ethical task of sustaining intimate relations. Within the household, Muslims with different orientations to Islam accept and accommodate one another through an “ethos of reception.” [poetry,pluralism,ethics,kinship,Sufism,Islam,Iraqi Kurdistan]
Pathogenic role of ADGRG2 in CBAVD patients replicated in Chinese population
Authors: Yang B. , Wang J. , Zhang W. , Pan H. , Li T. , Liu B. , Li H. , Wang B. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryCongenital bilateral absence of the vas deferens (CBAVD) is an important cause of obstructive azoospermia and male infertility worldwide. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) mutations are the main pathogenic cause, although a proportion of cases are still unexplained. Recently, adhesion G protein‐coupled receptor G2 (ADGRG2) gene, a novel pathogenic gene for CBAVD was identified. We did a single population replication study in Chinese CBAVD patients to replicate its role in CBAVD developing. In this study, we performed whole‐exome sequencing in 18 unrelated CBAVD patients and identified two missense variants in two patients (c.G1709A, p.C570Y; and c.A2968G, p.K990E). Both variants were predicted to be deleterious and highly conserved in silico. The p.C570Y variant is located in the G protein‐coupled receptor (GPCR) proteolysis site domain, which is functionally necessary for autoproteolysis, while the p.K990E variant is in the N‐terminal fragment that may regulate activity of the adhesion GPCR. We did not find any potential pathogenic CFTR variants, implying the ADGRG2 variants are the genetic cause in these patients. To the best of our knowledge, these are the first two ADGRG2 variants to be identified in Chinese CBAVD patients, which further validate the disease‐causing role of ADGRG2 in this congenital defect.
Editorial: good news to patients with thalassaemia—HCV clearance made easy with direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: D'Ambrosio R. , Lampertico P. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mangia et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14197 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14251.
Editorial: faecal microbiota transplantation for ulcerative colitis—not quite there yet?
Authors: Lim M. H. , Radford‐Smith G. L. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Costello et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14173 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14246.
Letter: inconsistency in reporting of hypophosphatemia after intravenous iron
Authors: Schaefer B. , Glodny B. , Wolf M. , Zoller H. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Aksan et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14043 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14254.
Editorial: good news to patients with thalassaemia—HCV clearance made easy with direct acting antivirals. Authors’ reply
Authors: Mangia A. , Piazzolla V. , Santoro R. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to D'Ambrosio, Lampertico and Mangia et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14221 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14197.
Letter: complex interplay between obesity and Clostridium difficile infection—authors’ reply
Authors: Mulki R. , Katz P. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Mulki et al and Kapur and Nagaraja papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13832 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14229.
Letter: inconsistency in reporting of hypophosphataemia after intravenous iron—authors’ reply
Authors: Aksan A. , Işık H. , Radeke H. H. , Dignass A. , Stein J. 
Published: August 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Aksan et al and Schaefer et al papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14043 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.14231.
Associations between belief inflexibility and dimensions of delusions: A meta‐analytic review of two approaches to assessing belief flexibility
Authors: Zhu Chen , Sun Xiaoqi , So Suzanne Ho‐wai 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesBelief inflexibility has been suggested to maintain delusions. Different measures of assessing belief inflexibility have been developed, and it remains unclear whether patients with delusions display belief inflexibility similarly across measures. As delusions consist of multiple dimensions, the aim of this meta‐analytic review was to examine how belief inflexibility is related to different aspects of delusions (conviction, distress, and preoccupation) and to compare these associations between interview‐based and task‐based measures of belief inflexibility.MethodsWe conducted a systematic database search (PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PubMed, and MEDLINE) and identified relevant articles using the following search items: belief*, delusion*, or overvalued idea*; psychosis or schizo*; flexib*, inflexib*, change, revision, or update. Meta‐analyses were conducted for each dimension of delusions and were reported according to the PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA total of 16 studies, with a total sample of 1,065, were included in the analysis. Belief inflexibility was associated with global severity of delusions (Hedges' g = 0.452, p < .001). Specifically, all dimensions of delusions were significantly associated with belief inflexibility (conviction: Hedges' g = 0.678, p < .001; preoccupation: Hedges' g = 0.274, p = .002; distress: Hedges' g = 0.200, p = .025). There was no significant heterogeneity across studies for each dimension. Preliminary subgroup analysis did not find any significant between‐measure differences in the relationship between belief inflexibility and overall severity of delusions.ConclusionsBelief inflexibility, across measures, was robustly associated with delusions, with a particularly strong association for delusional conviction. Our results carried implications for process‐based interventions for delusions.Practitioner points

Positive clinical implications

Belief inflexibility is consistently associated with the maintenance of delusions. Assessing belief inflexibility in routine clinical practice will inform psychological interventions for patients with persistent delusions.

Interview‐ and task‐based measures of belief inflexibility may be used complementarily to facilitate our understanding of this reasoning bias.

Aetiological factors may be more closely associated with some aspects of delusions than the others. In line with a multidimensional view of delusions, interventions targeting different dimensions of delusions may have different therapeutic emphases.

Limitations

The current review focused on three core dimensions of delusions only (conviction, preoccupation, distress). Other ways of dissecting delusions are possible.

Comparisons between the two measures of belief inflexibility may benefit from further research.
A longitudinal study of the profiles of psychological thriving, resilience, and loss in people with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Sirois Fuschia M. , Hirsch Jameson K. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesDespite the toll of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on adjustment, many patients are resilient to the challenges associated with living with IBD, and successfully cope with their illness and thrive. Yet there is little research on why some individuals with IBD enter a trajectory of growth, while others may struggle to adapt. The aim of this study was to investigate the adjustment‐related factors that distinguished thriving, resilience, and loss in people with IBD across personal growth, life satisfaction, and relationship quality domains.DesignProspective cohort design with two data collection points, 6 months apart.MethodsFrom a sample of 420 people with active IBD who completed an online survey, 152 participants completed the follow‐up survey and were included in the analyses. Participants completed measures of thriving, and cognitive, affective, social, and disease‐related variables known to predict adjustment.ResultsTime 1 ANCOVAs and pairwise comparisons controlling for demographics distinguished loss from resilience and thriving on the four outcomes – coping efficacy, illness acceptance, depressive symptoms, and perceived social support – for all three domains. Time 2 ANCOVAs and pairwise comparisons controlling for baseline outcomes revealed that the Time thriving categories predicted differences in Time 2 adjustment, mainly for the life satisfaction domain, with those experiencing loss reporting poorer adjustment than those experiencing resilience and thriving.ConclusionsFindings highlight the distinctions among profiles of thriving, resilience, and loss in adjustment to IBD, and suggest that strategies that enhance coping and address depressive symptoms may optimize thriving in the context of IBD.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is associated with depression, poor coping, and stressful symptoms.

Previous research has focused mainly on poor adjustment to IBD rather than on positive growth.

There is little research on why some patients with IBD thrive or are resilient, while others struggle to adapt.

What does this study add?

This study is the first to longitudinally examine the profiles of thriving, resilience, and loss in individuals with IBD.

The thriving profiles differed in coping efficacy, illness acceptance, depressive symptoms, and social support outcomes at Time 1, and predicted adjustment at T2 mainly for the life satisfaction domain.

Strategies that enhance coping and social support may optimize thriving in the context of IBD.
Controlled release of insulin‐like growth factor 1 enhances urethral sphincter function and histological structure in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence in a rat model
Authors: Yan Hao , Zhong Liren , Jiang Yaodong , Yang Jian , Deng Junhong , Wei Shicheng , Opara Emmanuel , Atala Anthony , Mao Xiangming , Damaser Margot S. , Zhang Yuanyuan 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the effects of controlled release of insulin‐like growth factor 1 (IGF‐1) from alginate‐poly‐L‐ornithine‐gelatine (A‐PLO‐G) microbeads on external urethral sphincter (EUS) tissue regeneration in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence (SUI), as SUI diminishes the quality of life of millions, particularly women who have delivered vaginally, which can injure the urethral sphincter. Despite several well‐established treatments for SUI, growth factor therapy might provide an alternative to promote urethral sphincter repair.Materials and MethodsIn all, 44 female Sprague‐Dawley rats were randomised into four groups: vaginal distension (VD) followed by periurethral injection of IGF‐1‐A‐PLO‐G microbeads (VD + IGF‐1 microbeads; 1 × 104 microbeads/1 mL normal saline); VD + empty microbeads; VD + saline; or sham‐VD + saline (sham).ResultsUrethral function (leak‐point pressure, LPP) was significantly lesser 1 week after VD + saline [mean (sem) 23.9 (1.3) cmH2O] or VD + empty microbeads [mean (sem) 21.7 (0.8) cmH2O) compared to the sham group [mean (sem) 44.4 (3.4) cmH2O; P < 0.05), indicating that the microbeads themselves do not create a bulking or obstructive effect in the urethra. The LPP was significantly higher 1 week after VD + IGF‐1 microbeads [mean (sem) 28.4 (1.2) cmH2O] compared to VD + empty microbeads (P < 0.05), and was not significantly different from the LPP in sham rats, demonstrating an initiation of a reparative effect even at 1 week after VD. Histological analysis showed well‐organised skeletal muscle fibres and vascular development in the EUS at 1 week after VD + IGF‐1 microbeads, compared to substantial muscle fibre attenuation and disorganisation, and less vascular formation at 1 week after VD + saline or VD + empty microbeads.ConclusionPeriurethral administration of IGF‐1‐A‐PLO‐G microbeads facilitates recovery from SUI by promoting skeletal myogenesis and revascularisation. This therapy is promising, but detailed and longer term studies in animal models and humans are needed.
Diversity of astroglial responses across human neurodegenerative disorders and brain aging
Authors: Ferrer Isidro 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAstrogliopathy refers to alterations of astrocytes occurring in diseases of the nervous system, and it implies the involvement of astrocytes as key elements in the pathogenesis and pathology of diseases and injuries of the central nervous system. Reactive astrocytosis refers to the response of astrocytes to different insults to the nervous system, whereas astrocytopathy indicates hypertrophy, atrophy/degeneration and loss of function and pathological remodeling occurring as a primary cause of a disease or as a factor contributing to the development and progression of a particular disease. Reactive astrocytosis secondary to neuron loss and astrocytopathy due to intrinsic alterations of astrocytes occur in neurodegenerative diseases, overlap each other, and, together with astrocyte senescence, contribute to disease‐specific astrogliopathy in aging and neurodegenerative diseases with abnormal protein aggregates in old age. In addition to the well‐known increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein and other proteins in reactive astrocytes, astrocytopathy is evidenced by deposition of abnormal proteins such as β‐amyloid, hyper‐phosphorylated tau, abnormal α‐synuclein, mutated huntingtin, phosphorylated TDP‐43 and mutated SOD1, and PrPres, in Alzheimer's disease, tauopathies, Lewy body diseases, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease, respectively. Astrocytopathy in these diseases can also be manifested by impaired glutamate transport; abnormal metabolism and release of neurotransmitters; altered potassium, calcium and water channels resulting in abnormal ion and water homeostasis; abnormal glucose metabolism; abnormal lipid and, particularly, cholesterol metabolism; increased oxidative damage and altered oxidative stress responses; increased production of cytokines and mediators of the inflammatory response; altered expression of connexins with deterioration of cell‐to‐cell networks and transfer of gliotransmitters; and worsening function of the blood brain barrier, among others. Increased knowledge of these aspects will permit a better understanding of brain aging and neurodegenerative diseases in old age as complex disorders in which neurons are not the only players.
The role of 5‐HT2B receptors in mitral valvulopathy: bone marrow mobilization of endothelial progenitors
Authors: Ayme‐Dietrich Estelle , Lawson Roland , Côté Francine , de Tapia Claudia , Da Silva Sylvia , Ebel Claudine , Hechler Béatrice , Gachet Christian , Guyonnet Jérome , Rouillard Hélène , Stoltz Jordane , Quentin Emily , Banas Sophie , Daubeuf François , Frossard Nelly , Gasser Bernard , Mazzucotelli Jean‐Philippe , Hermine Olivier , Maroteaux Luc , Monassier Laurent 
Published: August 2017

Background and PurposeValvular heart disease (VHD) is highly prevalent in industrialized countries. Chronic use of anorexigens, amphetamine or ergot derivatives targeting the 5‐HT system is associated with VHD. Here, we investigated the contribution of 5‐HT receptors in a model of valve degeneration induced by nordexfenfluramine, the main metabolite of the anorexigens, dexfenfluramine and benfluorex.Experimental ApproachNordexfenfluramine was infused chronically (28 days) in mice ((WT and transgenic Htr2B ‐/‐, Htr2A ‐/‐, and Htr2B/2A ‐/‐) to induce mitral valve lesions. Bone marrow transplantation was also carried out. Haemodynamics were measured with echocardiography; tissues and cells were analysed by histology, immunocytochemistry, flow cytometry and RT –qPCR. Samples of human prolapsed mitral valves were also analysed.Key ResultsChronic treatment of mice with nordexfenfluramine activated 5‐HT2B receptors and increased valve thickness and cell density in a thick extracellular matrix, mimicking early steps of mitral valve remodelling. Lesions were prevented by 5‐HT2A or 5‐HT2B receptor antagonists and in transgenic Htr2B −/− or Htr2A/2B −/− mice. Surprisingly, valve lesions were mainly formed by numerous non‐proliferative CD34+ endothelial progenitors. These progenitors originated from bone marrow (BM) as revealed by BM transplantation. The initial steps of mitral valve remodelling involved mobilization of BM‐derived CD34+CD31+ cells by 5‐HT2B receptor stimulation. Analysis of human prolapsed mitral valves showing spontaneous degenerative lesions, demonstrated the presence of non‐proliferating CD34+/CD309+/NOS3+ endothelial progenitors expressing 5‐HT2B receptors.Conclusions and ImplicationsBM‐derived endothelial progenitor cells make a crucial contribution to the remodelling of mitral valve tissue. Our data describe a new and important mechanism underlying human VHD.