bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case of acute and transient psychosis–What to expect?
Authors: Oliveira M. , Rebelo J. , Costa A.S. , Santos C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe Tenth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) introduced the category of Acute and transient psychotic disorders (ATPD), that assimilate clinical concepts such as the French Bouffée Délirante, Kleist and Leonhard's cycloid psychosis, and the scandinavian reactive psychosis.Methods and aimsThe authors present a clinical case of ATPD and a literature review based on PubMed/MEDLINE, using the keywords: “acute and transient psychotic disorder”, “prognosis” and “diagnostic stability”, aiming to discuss the main challenges regarding the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.ResultsThe patient is a male with 37 years old with two previous psychotic episodes (with 2.5 years of interval), both with an acute onset (of 7 and 3 days respectively), and a fast response to antipsychotic treatment, with periods of complete symptom's remission. He maintains treatment with 6 mg of paliperidone. In the literature, we found scarce information on ATPD. Though several variables have been described as having influence on the prognosis (gender, pre-morbid functioning, acute onset and presence of affective symptoms), this topic remains controversial. Another difficult aspect about ATPD seems to be its low diagnostic stability, with diagnosis changing mostly to Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective disorder and Bipolar disorder. Duration of treatment after complete remission of symptoms is another controversial aspect of this disease.ConclusionsATPD seems to have low diagnostic stability and poor research investment, and so it represents a challenge for psychiatrists on managing these patients in terms of treatment and follow-up plan. Further studies should be held regarding prognosis and treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Folie à deux through a case report
Authors: Pérez Gómez L. , Barrio Nespereira A. , González Fernández A. , Muquebil Ali Al Shaban Rodríguez O.W. , Rueda Rodríguez C.F. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe first reference to the shared delusions emerged in France in the nineteenth century. Shared delusions can be classified in three frames with different nosological value: simultaneous folie à deux, imposed folie à deux and communicated folie à deux.ObjectivesA review of the structures of presentation of this psychiatric disorder through a case report and checking the categorization of the classic folie à deux in the current diagnostic manuals.MethodsDiscussion through a case report of delusional disorder among twins. After several interviews with the patients we found that both have a complex delusional system, structured and bizarre at the same time. There was a clearly paranoid tinge in the narration which main theme is religion.ResultsDelusional clinical appears identically and simultaneously in both subjects with equal readiness and doesn’t give up after the admission of the patients in two different psychiatric hospitalization units.ConclusionsIn the ICD-10 and DSM-5, diagnostics would be different depending on the kind of folie à deux. In simultaneous folie à deux and communicated folie à deux the dominant partner would receive a diagnosis of delusional disorder with ICD-10 and DSM-5. The acceptor partner would receive a diagnosis of delusional disorder induced with the ICD-10 and a diagnosis of unspecified schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorder with the DSM-5. In a simultaneous folie à deux, both subjects would have a diagnosis of delusional disorder in both manuals. We think that this is the right choice.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Cycloid psychosis: From Kleist until our days
Authors: Sousa A. , Solana C. , Gomes J. , Barata P. , Serrano R. , Lages M. , Oliveira C. , Chainho J. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionAfter Emil Kraepelin's division of psychoses into a group of dementia praecox and manic-depressive insanity, the classification of psychoses with atypical symptoms, which could not be assigned in this dichotomy created a debate, that lasts until our days. These “atypical psychoses” had been described under many terms and concepts in different countries.In 1926, Kleist coined the term “cycloid psychosis” to describe cases which did not meet the typical presentation shown in Kraepelian's dichotomy. Three decades later, Karl Leonhard established the concept of cycloid psychosis as a nosologically independent group of endogenous psychosis.Objectives/AimsMake an historical review of the concept of cycloid psychosis. Discuss the clinical features and debate the classification of this clinical entity.MethodsA bibliographical review is made of the cycloid psychosis, based on the data published in Pubmed.ResultsAccording to Leonhard, cycloid psychosis generally present with bipolar, polymorphous clinical symptomatology, and run a phasic course with complete remissions after each episode. Furthermore, Leonhard delineated three subtypes: anxiety-happiness psychosis, confusion psychosis and motility psychosis presenting with different symptoms. In 1981, Perris and Brockington formulated the first set of operational criteria for cycloid psychoses. In recent years, new data about this entity have been acknowledged due to information displayed by different clinical studies and imaging techniques.ConclusionThe phenomenology and classification of cycloid psychosis still needs more evidence for a greater use in clinical practice. However, this clinical entity can solve the void for the diagnosis of many of the so-called “atypical psychoses”.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The syndromic approach to the rehabilitation of the higher mental functions (HMF) of patients with progressive cognitive disorders in L.S. Vygotsky–A.R. Luria School
Authors: Kovyazina M. , Zinchenko Y. , Varako N. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundThe method of “rehabilitation training”, developed in the Soviet psychology, based on the idea that the human HMF are realized in complex functional systems, developed during cultural- and ontogenesis.AimsTo show the importance of the development of approaches to the rehabilitation of HMF in Luria's neuropsychology.MethodsThe disturbances in brain activity leads to the neuropsychological syndrome appearance that could be called self-developing system. According to the systemic principles, each neuropsychological syndrome HMF disorders in accordance with brain injury localisation has the common “cause” – destroyed neuropsychological factor. In the case of patients with dementia several neuropsychological factors are usually included. So the rehabilitation processes should be aimed at the maximum preserved and strengthened stereotypes and behavior strategies in past experiences.ResultsThe binary syndrome structure (set of symptoms of destroyed neuropsychological HMF and abnormal neuropsychological factor itself) allows us to define two strategies of neuropsychological rehabilitation programs. The first strategy involves choice as a “target” of the most destroyed mental function. The second strategy could be directed to the rehabilitation of abnormal neuropsychological factor that should be accompanied by the rehabilitation of several systemic interrelated mental functions. Recourse to past knowledge, interests and emotionally important topics is assisting and supporting the rehabilitation processes.ConclusionsUse of both strategies ensures targeted restoration of cognitive functions within Vygotsky-Luria approach.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Neuro-Behçet's psychiatric symptoms
Authors: Maduro F. , Neiva S. , Pissarra C. , Duarte F. , Marques L. 
Published: May 2016

Neuro-Behçet (NB) results from inflammatory peri-vasculitis affecting the central nervous system. Non-specific neurological and psychiatric symptoms are rarely the first presentation and may difficult or delay diagnosis and treatment.We review, based on a case study and published literature, the psychiatric symptoms of NB when no clear evidence of neurologic disease activity is present.We present the case of a female patient, who was diagnosed NB at age 23 for recurrent meningo-encephalitis, that showed progressive behavioral changes, with increased impulsivity, disinhibition, hostility and self-neglect.Raised in a dysfunctional family, she ran away from home at 16, abandoned her studies, started abusing cannabinoids and showed an erratic life course.In 2015, because of increasing psychiatric symptoms, she was admitted to hospital and a complete neuropsychological evaluation showed that she had a significant decline from an above average premorbid cognitive function, specifically related to memory deficits. CT and MRI didn’t show typical signs of active disease. However, a SPECT scan showed hypo-perfusion of the frontal cortex compatible with the patient's symptoms.It is difficult to assess NB's activity as brain inflammation is only observed after structural changes are present. In this case the SPECT correlated well with psychiatric symptoms. The differential diagnosis includes organic pathology with psychiatric symptoms, psychiatric disease, personality disorders and substance abuse.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Clinical neuroscience and psychosocial rehabilitation
Authors: Vaccaro A.G. , Manfrin F. , Zoppellaro C. , Catania A. 
Published: May 2016

There is a physical world and a world of meanings, symbols and social relationships. Neuroscience considers brain as a biological machine. Social science studies the human relationships.Nowadays we know cerebral processes underlying several aspects of social behavior.Cerebral damages or dysfunctions can influence the social behavior, as well as the social experiences can shape the development, structuring and functioning of the brain and, consequently, condition the further responses of the individuals to the social events. Humans are embodied subject. In an objective sense we are bodies with a brain, in a subjective sense we are individuals in a social world. This is a relevant matter for all the medical sciences, not only for psychiatry.The real-life functioning of individuals with schizophrenia shows deficits in several daily-life abilities, in social relationships and in the work activities. According to literature and clinical practice, basic criterions are: bio-psycho-social vulnerability, stressful life events, coping strategies as well as social and relational competence.Neurocognitive activity shows a straight correlation, albeit indirect, with the real-life functioning. Positive symptoms, negative symptoms and disorganized behavior can considerably influence the real-life functioning. While social and relational competence, the general functioning and resilience are protective factors that can positively condition real-life functioning. Moreover, welfare services (i.e. assisted job placement; disability subsidies; etc.) and a good family and social network can considerably influence the results.According to the results above, we can affirm the importance to adopt integrated and personalized therapeutic-rehabilitative program for the treatment of schizophrenia and other serious mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The role of mirror neurons in autism impairment
Authors: Guedes Neta M.D.L. , Varanda C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionThe discovery of mirror neurons, considered to be responsible for empathy, intrigued researchers all over the world. Many studies have been developed associating mirror neurons to the incidence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).ObjectiveIdentifying a possible influence of mirror neuron in autism.AimsReviewing the recent trajectory of neuroscience in relation to the connection of impaired mirror neurons in autism.MethodBibliographical review of studies in English, published in SciELO and LILACS databases, between 2008 and 2013. The keywords used were: autism, brain, cortex and mirror neuron.ResultsDifferent subjects explored the influence of mirror neurons in autism as shown below (Fig. 1). Among 17 studies, 12 were bibliographical reviews and 5 involved experiments. Seventy-six percent of the studies were favorable to the influence of these neurons, while 24% were not.ConclusionThere was a balance in the distribution of themes explored in the articles and few studies exploring the role of mirror neurons in autism. Even though the current research may not be conclusive, it can be said that currently neuroscientists tend to agree that mirror neurons significantly influence ASD. Recent studies suggest that, if properly stimulated, ASD individuals can develop their social skill and, consequently, be socially inserted. According to most author studied, technological development is needed in order to enable scientific advances involving mirror-neurons and ASD.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Opioids consumption and delusional symptomatology
Authors: Duque Domínguez A. , Duque Domínguez R. , Martín Díaz L. , García Montero C. , Palomo Monge M. , Lázaro Redondo M.D.M. , de la Torre Brasas F. , Echeverría Hernández N. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionOpioids are the most powerful drugs commercialised for acute and chronic pain relief. The main emerging problem in our midst is the abuse and addiction to synthetic opioids iatrogenically established in general population.ObjectivesWe report the case of a female patient aged 48 admitted to the Acute Psychiatric Unit after a suicide attempt. She refers she finds herself more irritable and depressed since she began a treatment with oxycodone after she was diagnosed with fibromyalgia. She has lost a lot of weight, is not able to get to sleep and has become socially isolated.MethodologyDuring the first few days, the patient is uncooperative and shows a marked self-referentiality and verbalises delusional ideation related to her immediate surroundings. Once the treatment with opioids was withdrawn and we had prescribed paliperidone ER, she seemed more cooperative and calmed. She was discharged from the Psychiatric Day Hospital showing a good evolution.ResultsParanoid personality disorder (F60); mental and behavioural disorders due to use of opioids (F11); recurrent depressive disorder, current episode moderate (F33.1); fibromyalgia (M79.7).ConclusionsThe use of synthetic opioids (tramadol, fentanyl, oxycodone) in easy-to-use formats (patches, pills, dispersible tablets, lollipops) and their dissemination in pain treatment, is leading to an increase of problems related to it, both their side effects (psychotic symptoms) and the generation of misuse and addiction. We should pay greater attention to the prescription of opioids to patients with dysfunctional personality traits.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The effect of alcohol administration on social behavior of rats with experimental schizophrenia
Authors: Egorov A. , Kutcher E. , Chernikova N. , Dorofeikova M. 
Published: May 2016

Experimental animal modeling of schizophrenia and alcoholism allows understanding the mechanisms of comorbid pathology formation. The aim was to investigate the effect of ethanol administration on social relations in rats with experimental schizophrenia.The study was carried out on 30 Wistar adult male rats aged. After 2 weeks isolation rat social ranks were determined. Alcohol preference was evaluated in the two-bottle test. Schizophrenia was modeled by administering to rats (n = 15) dopamine precursor levodopa-carbidopa (LC) during 5 days each month in four months experiment. The control animals (n = 15) received water. All animals were subjected to intermittent alcoholization throughout the experiment after the introduction of the LC. The behavioral parameters evaluated in the “open field” and “despair” tests.It was found out that the experimental rats who received alcohol did not differ in the number of interactions compared to the rats who received only alcohol. In the rats with experimental schizophrenia a significantly higher social interactions were observed compared to the control group. This is consistent with the results of the clinical studies, which have shown that patients often drink alcohol to relieve anxiety and tension. The two-bottle test has shown the difference between the experimental and control groups only in the first week of the experiment. Apparently, this can be explained by the prolonged isolation. In the despair test, before the alcoholization, the rats with experimental schizophrenia were completely immobilized, compared to the controls. After alcoholization the differences in the despair test were not observed.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Parkinsonism and mental health disorders among Latino migrants
Authors: Herrera Duran L. , Mejia N. , Wang Y. , Alegria M. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionMental health disorders and parkinsonism (mobility slowness, rigidity, rest tremor, gait instability) often co-exist. Approximately 40% of the 7-10 million people living with Parkinson's disease globally experience co-existent depression and/or anxiety. Furthermore, people treated with dopamine-blocking medications (antipsychotics, antiemetics) or those who suffer vascular, infectious, toxic, or structural brain insults may have symptoms of “secondary” parkinsonism.ObjectivesTo describe the existence of parkinsonism among Latino immigrants with behavioral health and substance abuse problems.MethodsData from the International Latino Partnership (ILRP) gathered at primary care clinics in Boston, Madrid, and Barcelona included 4 parkinsonism screening questions.ResultsA total of 151 participants out of 567 (26.6%) screened positive for at least one parkinsonism question and 15 (2.6%) screened positive for all 4 questions. A small group of participants who screened positive for parkinsonism had co-existent schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder, and/or exposure to lithium or valproic acid. We found that age 50+, depression, and anxiety were more often associated with people having parkinsonism (P < 01). Gender, race, language, and educational level were not significant predictors of parkinsonism.ConclusionsParkinsonism and behavioral health disorders co-exist among Latino immigrants in the United States and Spain. This may be related in part to exposure to dopamine-blocking medications. Future studies should focus on early detection of mental health co-morbidities among Parkinson's disease patients as well as on prevention of “secondary” parkinsonism among people living with mental health disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Peculiarities of comorbid addictions in neurotic disorders
Authors: Maruta N.O. , Kolyadko S.P. , Denysenko M.M. , Kalenska G.Y. , Fedchenko V.Y. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionUnder contemporary social circumstances, there is a tendency to increasing of amount of persons disposed to addictive behavior (AB) as a mean to remove psychoemotional tension and to solve their significant problems. This tendency raises in patients with neurotic disorders (ND) that influences on clinical manifestations of the pathology and impedes diagnosis and timely care for this category of patients.AimTo investigate AB in the structure of neurotic disorders (F44.7, F40.8, F48.0).MethodsAssessment of personal addictive status with AUDIT-like tests to detect disorders related to substance and non-substance abuse; 109 patients with ND (main group) and 52 persons without ND (control group) were examined.ResultsIt was revealed that patients with ND had significantly higher risk of AB formation (59.73% compared with 21.15% in healthy persons; P < 0.0001). According to the group comparison, in patients with ND levels of AB expression on parameters of “Job” (12.06 points), “Food” (11.98 points), “Internet” (11.10 points), “TV” (8.82 points), “Shopping” (6.59 points) were significantly higher than in healthy persons (9.73; 9.23; 9.00; 7.38; 4.25 points, respectively; P < 0.05). However, levels of keenness on computer were significantly higher in healthy persons (3.48 points) than in patients with ND (2.34 points; P < 0.05). AB connected with substance abuse was not registered in the groups.ConclusionsThe results suggest that the patients use AB in forms of food, Internet, job, TV, shopping dependencies as a subconscious mechanism substituting unsatisfied needs and decreasing motivation-emotional tension under conditions of a frustration conflict.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Epilepsy and self-esteem
Authors: Turki M. , Bouchhima I. , Halouani N. , Turki E. , Bouzidi N. , Dammak M. , Amami O. , Mhiri C. 
Published: May 2016

IntroductionEpilepsy is a public health problem that often affects personal and social patients’ life. Self-esteem, an important factor contributing to psychosocial well-being, is generally disrupted in epilepsy.ObjectiveThe aim of our study was to assess self-esteem and factors associated in patients suffering from epilepsy.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive and analytic study, including 20 patients followed for epilepsy at neurology outpatient department, Habib Bourguiba hospital, Sfax, Tunisia. We collected socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, and used the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES).ResultsThe mean age was 35.9 ans. Sex-ratio (M/F) was 3. Hobby practice was noted in 45% of cases. The disease evolves since 19.9 years on average. A worsening of health in the last year was felt in 30% of cases. The stigma was reported in 30% of patients. Self-esteem was: very low 5%, low 40%, average 40%, and high 15%. It was better among married patients, living in family and those with disease evolving since more than 10 years, but without a significant correlation. The factors correlated with good self-esteem were: practicing a hobby (P = 0.006) and absence of stigma (P = 0.001). Poor self-esteem was significantly correlated with perceived health worsened during the last 12 months (P = 0.02). It was poor in unstable patients professionally, but without significant correlation.ConclusionOur study confirms the decline of self-esteem in patients with epilepsy. A better education of these patients to accept their illness, as well as raising public awareness on this affection could facilitate social insertion and improve self-esteem.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.