bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Obstacles to emergency medical services system design and operational features
Authors: Williams David M 
Published: December 2015

Objective: There is a paucity of global research regarding emergency medical services (EMS) systems. EMS system processes and outcomes vary by model and jurisdiction. This study explores the individual, organisational, and system obstacles to 15 features of EMS systems. Methods: Using a multi-case study, five US EMS systems, representing five major design models, were studied. Data collection included: i) data metrics, ii) document review, iii) interviews, and iv) archival records. Results: EMS system performance and adoption of the 15 features varies. A total of 582 independent obstacles in 39 distinct categories were identified. The top obstacles included: cost/funding, measurement, process/outcome focus, systems view, public information/education, understanding productivity, training, will, data definitions, and culture/tradition. Conclusions: Variation in performance exists across EMS system provider models. Adoption of the 15 features studied was not universal. Reported obstacles are opportunities for further investigation and action.
Parental Perceptions of Physical Activity Benefits for Youth With Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Pitchford E. Andrew , Siebert Erin , Hamm Jessica , Yun Joonkoo 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Physical activity promotion is of need for youth with developmental disabilities. Parental perceptions of physical activity benefits may influence youth behaviors. This study investigated the relationship between parental beliefs on the importance of physical activity and physical activity levels among youth with disabilities. Parents and caregivers of 113 youth with disabilities reported on the perceived benefits of physical activity, the child's physical activity level, and demographic information. Linear regression analyses to examine the relative association between parental perceived benefits and child physical activity (R2 = 0.19) indicated that physical activity level was predicted by parental beliefs and child gender. Health promotion for youth with disabilities should consider educating parents and caregivers of physical activity benefits, in addition to creating more opportunities.
Performance on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 by Children With Williams Syndrome
Authors: Pitts C. Holley , Mervis Carolyn B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe describe the performance of 292 4- to 17-year-olds with Williams syndrome (WS) on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test-2 (KBIT-2; Kaufman & Kaufman, 2004). Mean IQ Composite, Verbal standard score (SS), and Nonverbal SS were in the borderline range relative to the general population, with variability similar to the general population. Correlations between SSs and CA were close to 0, with no significant sex differences. There was a significant effect of maternal education on Verbal SS. The KBIT-2 appropriately captures the full range of performance of 8- to 17-year-olds with WS for the abilities measured and of all but the very lowest-functioning 5- to 7-year-olds. However, the KBIT-2 does not contain easy enough items to adequately assess the abilities of the lowest quartile of 4-year-olds.
Reviews Books
Authors: Wittum Chris , Song Ha Eyn , Belden Stephen , Bell-Games Eoin , Adeli Cyrus 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Cinema of Raúl Ruiz: Impossible Cartographies, Michael Goddard, (2013) New York: Columbia University Press, 224pp., ISBN: 9780231167307 (hbk), $75.00
World Cinema through Global Genres, William V. Costanzo, (2014) Boston: Wiley-Blackwell, 456pp., ISBN: 9871118712917 (hbk), $84.95 , ISBN: 9781118712924 (pbk), $39.95
East German Cinema: DEFA and Film History, Sebastian Heiduschke, (2013) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 196pp., ISBN: 1137322306 (hbk), $79.61, ISBN: 1137322314 (pbk), $25.06
New Tunisian Cinema: Allegories of Resistance, Robert Lang, (2014) New York: Columbia University Press, 448pp., ISBN: 9780231165075 (pbk), $35.00, ISBN: 9780231165068 (hbk), $105.00
Performing Authorshop: Self-Inscription and Corporeality in the Cinema, Cecilia Sayad, (2013) London: I.B. Tauris, 208pp., ISBN: 9781780760063 (pbk), $28.00, ISBN: 9781780760056 (hbk), $88.00
Reviews DVD/Blu-ray
Authors: Wittum Chris , Ross Franz , Bell-Games Eoin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
La Peau douce (The Soft Skin), (1964) France Director François Truffaut Runtime 117 minutes Blu-ray USA, 2015 Produced and Distributed by The Criterion Collection (region A/1)
Under the Skin (2013) UK Director Jonathan Glazer Runtime 108 minutes Blu-ray USA, 2014 Produced and Distributed by Lionsgate Home Entertainment (region A/1)
La Danza de la realidad (The Dance of Reality), (2013) Chile/France Director Alejandro Jodorowsky Runtime 130 minutes Blu-ray USA, 2014 Produced and Distributed by Abkco (region 1)
Challenges for sustaining local audio-visual ecosystems: Analysis of financing and production of domestic TV fiction in small media markets
Authors: Raats Tim , Evens Tom , Ruelens Sanne 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Various trends, both technological and economic in nature, have led to a shift in the financing and production of serial television fiction (principally television drama and episodic comedy), resulting in pressure on existing financing of TV fiction. These pressures prove especially difficult for small nations and regions, being characterized by restricted markets, a limited number of active players, and barriers for export and scale. For media policy-makers, these transitions invoke a series of new challenges to sustain existing audio-visual ecosystems. Based on a case study of TV fiction in Flanders, and presenting evidence from a financial analysis of 46 TV fiction productions, this article analyses current financing streams, patterns and dynamics of TV fiction in small media markets. It seeks to reveal the composition of budgets and the relative importance of diverse agents and funders involved in TV fiction production. Critical evaluations are then offered as to whether current financing models and policy support mechanisms are fit to tackle the challenges posed by the increasing number of windows and increased fragmentation of TV fiction financing.
Canadianization revisited: Programme formats and the new cultural economy of the Canadian broadcasting industry
Authors: Druick Zoë 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
The Canadian broadcast sector has been the subject of many policy initiatives and much hand wringing. This article uses a production study of the reality television sector in Toronto, Canada’s centre for English-language production, to consider how the concerted move towards an entrepreneurial, market-driven television economy since the late 1990s has dovetailed with the rise of the global trade in formats. The article considers some of the key policy moves in this period of neo-liberalization, including the de-regulation of ownership, the introduction of group licensing, and shifts in the definition of ‘priority’ Canadian content. The article concludes that the set of related shifts in both technologies and considerations about television’s social and economic role has led to an almost purely market-driven (though state subsidized) system that disadvantages both smaller industry players and the broadcast system’s public mandate. The challenges experienced in Canada during this period are not unique, making it into a case study for small market television nations.
Pushing back the baseline: a novel approach to detect long-term changes in terrestrial faunal abundance using historical qualitative descriptions
Authors: McCollin Duncan , Preece Richard C. , Sparks Tim H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractStudies that examine changes in the populations of flora and fauna often do so against a baseline of relatively recent distribution data. It is much rarer to see evaluations of population change over the longer–term in order to extend the baseline back in time. Here, we use two methods (regression analysis and line of equality) to identify long-term differences in abundance derived from qualitative descriptions, and we test the efficacy of this approach by comparison with contemporary data. We take descriptions of bird population abundance in Cambridgeshire, UK, from the first half of the 19th century and compare these with more recent estimates by converting qualitative descriptions to an ordinal scale. We show, first, that the ordinal scale of abundance corresponds well to quantitative estimates of density and range size based on current data, and, second, that the two methods of comparison revealed both increases and declines in species, some of which were consistent using both approaches but others showed differing responses. We also show that the regional rates of extinction (extirpation) for birds are twice as high as equivalent rates for plants. These data extend analyses of avifaunal change back to a baseline 160-190 years before present, thus bringing a novel perspective on long-term change in populations and categories of conservation concern (e.g., Amber- or Red-lists) based on recent data. Changes in status are discussed in relation to various factors, although perhaps the most pervasive were of anthropogenic origin.
A new female-like morph of juvenile male Levant Sparrowhawk (Accipiter brevipes) – sexual mimicry to avoid intra-specific predation?
Authors: Yosef Reuven , Fornasari Lorenzo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn migrant Levant Sparrowhawk (Accipiter brevipes) at Eilat, Israel, we noted that juvenile males had two different morphs – the one described to date in literature; and a second, previously undescribed morph, with femalelike barring on the chest and flanks interspersed with tear-shaped elongated spots, giving an overall female-like appearance. Here we forward the hypothesis that explain the evolutionary consequences for the female-like plumage of juvenile males as that of intra-specific sex mimicry developed to avoid intra-specific predation by the larger females.
ATIVIDADES DESENVOLVIDAS POR ENFERMEIRAS NA CAPTAÇÃO DE DOADORES DE SANGUE
Authors: Veran Mirela Pezzini , Bernardino Elizabeth , Aued Gisele Knop , Catafesta Fernanda 
Published: December 2015

Introdução: A enfermeira, como profissional habilitada para a captação de doadores de sangue, deve desenvolver ações que enfoquem essa doação como um ato voluntário, de cidadania e solidariedade, enfatizando a ausência de um substituto para o sangue. Objetivo: Descrever as atividades desenvolvidas por enfermeiras na captação de doadores de sangue. Casuística e Métodos: Pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida com 12 enfermeiras que atuavam em cinco serviços de hemoterapia da cidade de Curitiba- PR. Os dados foram coletados em junho de 2012 por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada, gravada e, posteriormente, transcrita na íntegra. Para o tratamento dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Emergiram três categorias: recrutamento junto aos familiares de pacientes internados; uso dos meios de comunicação e palestras de incentivo à doação de sangue junto às empresas. Conclusão: As enfermeiras desenvolveram ações no seu espaço de trabalho, junto aos familiares dos pacientes que necessitavam da doação de sangue e com pessoas já cadastradas no serviço de hemoterapia, o que demonstra a importância de desenvolver ações focadas nas pessoas próximas aos serviços de hemoterapia e qualificar essa prática no cotidiano das enfermeiras. Externo ao seu âmbito de trabalho, as enfermeiras desenvolveram ações educativas nos espaços proporcionados pela mídia e pelas empresas, as quais revelaram atividades voltadas à captação de doadores de sangue além dos serviços de hemoterapia em que elas atuavam.
CHAUCER, Geoffrey. Os contos de Canterbury. Tradução, apresentação e notas de Paulo Vizioli. Posfácio e notas adicionais de José Roberto O’Shea. São Paulo: Editora 34, 2014. Edição bilíngue.
Authors: Viana Maria Rita Drumond 
Published: December 2015

Resenha de Os contos de Canterbury, de Geoffrey Chaucer.
Analysis of Stress-Field Variations Expected on Subsurface Faults and Discontinuities in the Vicinity of Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Gao Qian , Cheng Yueming , Fathi Ebrahim , Ameri Samuel 
Published: December 2015

Summary
In this study, a local stability evaluation method, slip-tendency analysis, is proposed on the basis of the Coulomb criterion to investigate the effects of hydraulic fracturing on stress-field variations and possibility of fault reactivation. The effects of net pressure and in-situ stress fields on the stability of faults are investigated in two typical faulting environments (i.e., normal and strike-slip faults). A 3D numerical model developed on the basis of the finite-element method (FEM) is also adopted to better understand the stability states around pressurized hydraulic fractures. The orientation and relative magnitudes of in-situ stress fields differ under different faulting environments, which, in turn, control the direction of fracture propagation and its geometry. It is found that the general patterns of slip-tendency distributions around pressurized hydraulic fractures are similar under different in-situ stress fields. Providing the normal and strike-slip faults with a same initial slip-tendency, the normal faulting environment demonstrates larger variations in slip-tendency than the strike-slip faulting environment.
The comparison between analytical and numerical solutions indicates an excellent agreement was achieved, which certifies the validity of the proposed numerical models in complex situations. Numerical models and analytical solutions confirm the presence of both unstable and stable regions around the pressurized fractures. Fault stability during hydraulic operation depends on the position of faults with respect to the hydraulic fractures. The critical angle and distance between fault and hydraulic fracture in analytical solutions are identified when a region transits from stable to unstable status. For faults and discontinuities with an angle larger than 40° (i.e., with respect to horizontal direction) and distances less than 2.5 times the height of the fracture (i.e., from the center of pressurized fracture), the slip-tendency is greater than the initial value, indicating that the discontinuities within this zone are unstable and have the potential to slip. The developed model predicts that the unstable regions extend from fracture tips in both lateral and vertical directions. This generates relatively planar-distributed microseismic events, which are well-demonstrated in monitored field events. It was shown that the slippage of underground faults and other discontinuities could improve the fluid flow and transport by increasing the apparent permeability of the reservoir, such that the unstable regions could be recognized as permeability-improved zones.
Low-Salinity Chase Waterfloods Improve Performance of Cr(III)-Acetate Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Gel in Fractured Cores
Authors: Brattekås Bergit , Graue Arne , Seright Randall S. 
Published: December 2015

Summary
Polymer gels are frequently applied for conformance improvement in fractured reservoirs, where fluid channeling through fractures limits the success of waterflooding. Placement of polymer gel in fractures reduces fracture conductivity, thus increasing pressure gradients across matrix blocks during chase floods. A gel-filled fracture is reopened to fluid flow if the injection pressure during chase floods exceeds the gel-rupture pressure; thus, channeling through the fractures resumes. The success of a polymer-gel treatment, therefore, depends on the rupture pressure.
Salinity differences between the gel network and surrounding water phase are known causes of gel swelling (e.g., observed in recent work on preformed particle gels). Gel swelling and its effect on fluid flow have, however, been less studied in conjunction with conventional polymer gels. By use of corefloods, this work demonstrates that low-salinity water can swell conventional Cr(III)-acetate hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) gels, thereby significantly improving gel-blocking performance after gel rupture.
Formed polymer gel was placed in fractured core plugs, and chase waterfloods were performed using four different brine compositions, of which three were low-salinity brines. The fluid flow rates through the matrix and differential pressures across the matrix and fracture were measured and shown to increase with decreasing salinity in the injected water phase. In some cores, the fractures were reblocked during low-salinity waterfloods, and gel-blocking capacity was increased above the initial level. Low-salinity water subsequently flooded the matrix during chase floods, which provided additional benefits to the waterflood. The improved blocking capacity of the gel was caused by a difference in salinity between the gel and injected water phase, which induced gel swelling. The results were reproducible through several experiments, and stable for long periods of time in both sandstone and carbonate outcrop core materials. Combining polymer gel placement in fractures with low-salinity chase floods is a promising approach in integrated enhanced oil recovery (IEOR).
Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Randomized to a Higher–Complex Carbohydrate/Low-Fat Diet Manifest Lower Adipose Tissue Insulin Resistance, Inflammation, Glucose, and Free Fatty Acids: A Pilot Study
Authors: Hernandez Teri L. , Van Pelt Rachael E. , Anderson Molly A. , Reece Melanie S. , Reynolds Regina M. , de la Houssaye Becky A. , Heerwagen Margaret , Donahoo William T. , Daniels Linda J. , Chartier-Logan Catherine , Janssen Rachel C. , Friedman Jacob E. , Barbour Linda A. 
Published: December 2015

OBJECTIVE
Diet therapy in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has focused on carbohydrate restriction but is poorly substantiated. In this pilot randomized clinical trial, we challenged the conventional low-carbohydrate/higher-fat (LC/CONV) diet, hypothesizing that a higher–complex carbohydrate/lower-fat (CHOICE) diet would improve maternal insulin resistance (IR), adipose tissue (AT) lipolysis, and infant adiposity.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
At 31 weeks, 12 diet-controlled overweight/obese women with GDM were randomized to an isocaloric LC/CONV (40% carbohydrate/45% fat/15% protein; n = 6) or CHOICE (60%/25%/15%; n = 6) diet. All meals were provided. AT was biopsied at 37 weeks.

RESULTS
After ∼7 weeks, fasting glucose (P = 0.03) and free fatty acids (P = 0.06) decreased on CHOICE, whereas fasting glucose increased on LC/CONV (P = 0.03). Insulin suppression of AT lipolysis was improved on CHOICE versus LC/CONV (56 vs. 31%, P = 0.005), consistent with improved IR. AT expression of multiple proinflammatory genes was lower on CHOICE (P &lt; 0.01). Infant adiposity trended lower with CHOICE (10.1 ± 1.4 vs. 12.6 ± 2%, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
A CHOICE diet may improve maternal IR and infant adiposity, challenging recommendations for a LC/CONV diet.
Chronic KidneY Disease-Mineral Bone Disorder in the Elderly Peritoneal Dialysis Patient
Authors: Heaf James Goya 
Published: December 2015

Purpose The purpose of this paper was to review the literature concerning the treatment of chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder (CKD-MBD) in the elderly peritoneal dialysis (PD) patient. Results Chronic kidney disease-mineral bone disorder is a major problem in the elderly PD patient, with its associated increased fracture risk, vascular calcification, and accelerated mortality fracture risk. Peritoneal dialysis, however, bears a lower risk than hemodialysis (HD). The approach to CKD-MBD prophylaxis and treatment in the elderly PD patient is similar to other CKD patients, with some important differences. Avoidance of hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hyperparathyroidism is important, as in other CKD groups, and is generally easier to attain. Calcium-free phosphate binders are recommended for normocalcemic and hypercalcemic patients. Normalization of vitamin D levels to > 75 nmol/L (> 30 pg/L) and low-dose active vitamin D therapy is recommended for all patients. Hyperparathryoidism is to be avoided by using active vitamin D and cinacalcet. Particular attention should be paid to treating protein malnutrition. Fracture prophylaxis (exercise, use of walkers, dwelling modifications) are important. Hypomagnesemia is common in PD and can be treated with magnesium supplements. Vitamin K deficiency is also common and has been identified as a cause of vascular calcification. Accordingly, warfarin treatment for this age group is problematic. Conclusion While treatment principles are similar to other dialysis patient groups, physicians should be aware of the special problems of the elderly group.
Assisted Peritoneal Dialysis for Older People with End-Stage Renal Disease: The French and Danish Experience
Authors: Béchade Clémence , Lobbedez Thierry , Ivarsen Per , Povlsen Johan V. 
Published: December 2015

Older people are the largest and fastest growing group of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and, due to advanced age and a heavy burden of comorbidities, they are usually not candidates for renal transplantation or home-based dialysis treatment. Some of the barriers for home treatment are non-modifiable, but the majority of physical disabilities and psychosocial problems can be overcome provided that assistance is offered to the patients at home. In the present review, we describe the programs for assisted peritoneal dialysis (PD) in France and Denmark, respectively. In both nations, assisted PD is totally publicly funded, and the cost of assisted PD is comparable to the cost of in-center HD. Assisted continuous ambulatory PD (aCAPD) is the preferred modality in France whereas assisted automated PD (aAPD) is the preferred modality in Denmark. Assistants are professional nurses or healthcare technicians briefly educated by expert PD nurses from the dialysis unit. The establishment of a program for assisted PD may increase the number of patients actually treated with PD and may reduce the risk of PD technique failure and prolong PD duration. Compared with autonomous PD patients, patients on assisted PD may have shorter patient survival and peritonitis-free survival indicating that, besides advanced age and the burden of comorbidities, dependency on help may be an independent risk factor for poorer outcome. Assisted PD is an evolving dialysis modality, and may in the future prove to be a feasible complementary alternative to in-center hemodialysis (HD) for the growing group of dependent older patients with ESRD.