bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global mtDNA genetic structure and hypothesized invasion history of a major pest of citrus, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Liviidae)
Authors: Luo Yufa , Agnarsson Ingi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is a key pest of citrus as the vector of the bacterium causing the “huanglongbing” disease (HLB). To assess the global mtDNA population genetic structure, and possible dispersal history of the pest, we investigated genetic variation at the COI gene collating newly collected samples with all previously published data. Our dataset consists of 356 colonies from 106 geographic sites worldwide. High haplotype diversity (H‐mean = 0.702 ± 0.017), low nucleotide diversity (π‐mean = 0.003), and significant positive selection (Ka/Ks = 32.92) were observed. Forty‐four haplotypes (Hap) were identified, clustered into two matrilines: Both occur in southeastern and southern Asia, North and South America, and Africa; lineages A and B also occur in eastern and western Asia, respectively. The most abundant haplotypes were Hap4 in lineage A (35.67%), and Hap9 in lineage B (41.29%). The haplotype network identified them as the ancestral haplotypes within their respective lineages. Analysis of molecular variance showed significant genetic structure (FST = 0.62, p < .0001) between the lineages, and population genetic analysis suggests geographic structuring. We hypothesize a southern and/or southeastern Asia origin, three dispersal routes, and parallel expansions of two lineages. The hypothesized first route involved the expansion of lineage B from southern Asia into North America via West Asia. The second, the expansion of some lineage A individuals from Southeast Asia into East Asia, and the third involved both lineages from Southeast Asia spreading westward into Africa and subsequently into South America. To test these hypotheses and gain a deeper understanding of the global history of D. citri, more data‐rich approaches will be necessary from the ample toolkit of next‐generation sequencing (NGS). However, this study may serve to guide such sampling and in the development of biological control programs against the global pest D. citri.
Development of Biosignal Recording Board System with Agile Control of Circuit Characteristics for Various Biosignals
Authors: ITO KEITA , TANI TAKAHARU , IWAGAMI TAKUMA , NISHINO SATORU , KIYOYAMA KOJI , TANAKA TETSU 
Published: November 2017

SUMMARYRecently, a novel recording system is strongly required for agile and precise recording of biosignals in various fields, such as medicine, neuroscience, BMI (brain machine interface), and so on. To enable such various biosignal recording, we have proposed an agile biosignal recording system with a newly designed analog front‐end LSI chip having amplification, filtering, and A/D conversion functions. In this paper, we designed and evaluated a neural signal recording circuit and a portable front‐end motherboard. The neural signal recording circuit chip and discrete ICs were mounted on the motherboard. We confirmed that our functional LNA (low noise amplifier) had variable gains and cutoff frequencies appropriate for various biosignals, and also confirmed that biosignal recording board system successfully measured a human electrocardiogram.
Delineating and mapping riparian areas for ecosystem service assessment
Authors: de Sosa Laura L. , Glanville Helen C. , Marshall Miles R. , Abood Sinan A. , Williams A. Prysor , Jones Davey L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRiparian buffers, the interface between terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, have the potential to protect water bodies from land‐based pollution, and also for enhancing the delivery of a range of ecosystem services. The UK currently has no defined optimal width or maximum extent of riparian buffers for specific ecosystem services. Here, we present the first study, which attempts to (a) compare and critique different riparian buffer delineation methods and (b) investigate how ecological processes, for example, pollutant removal, nutrient cycling, and water temperature regulation, are affected spatially by proximity to the river and also within a riparian buffer zone. Our results have led to the development of new concepts for riparian delineation based on ecosystem service‐specific scenarios. Results from our study suggest that choice of delineation method will influence not only the total area of potential riparian buffers but also the proportion of land cover types included, which in turn will determine their main ecosystem provision. Thus, for some ecological processes (e.g., pollutant removal), a fixed‐distance approach will preserve and protect its ecosystem function, whereas for processes such as denitrification, a variable‐width buffer will reflect better riparian spatial variability maximizing its ecological value. In summary, riparian delineation within UK habitats should be specific to the particular ecosystem service(s) of interest (e.g., uptake of nutrients and shading), and the effectiveness of the buffer should be ground‐truthed to ensure the greatest level of protection.
Synthesis of Bio‐Based Polyurethanes from Jojoba Oil
Authors: Mokhtari Chakib , Malek Fouad , Caillol Sylvain , Negrell Claire 
Published: November 2017

Jojoba grows easily in harsh conditions and is the only plant species known to use liquid wax esters as a primary seed storage reserve. Jojoba oil is composed by two mono unsaturated hydrocarbon chains linked by an ester moiety and represents 50% of the weight of seeds. Hence, this atypical oil is, for the first time, dedicated to the synthesis of innovative polymer materials. Novel partially biobased polyurethanes materials are obtained with various structures. New biobased diol is first achieved by addition of mercaptoethanol by thiol‐ene coupling on jojoba oil and characterized by 1H NMR and 13C NMR. The functionalized oil is used to synthesize polyurethane prepolymers by catalyst‐free reaction with various diisocyanates: 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate and 4,4‐methylene diphenyl diisocyanate. After the addition of chain extenders, the obtained polyurethane materials are characterized by 1H NMR, TGA, DSC, and DMA analyses. Various PUs are obtained in terms of flexibility and thermal stability.Practical Applications: The synthesized jojoba oil‐based PUs exhibit a good flexibility. Hence, these biobased PUs could replace petroleum‐based polyurethanes in industry and particularly as coatings, binders or compounds for automotive and aircraft industries.Innovative greener polyurethanes are achieved from jojoba oil with one‐step thiol‐ene reaction and various diisocyanates.
Quantitative modeling of a greenhouse as a bioreactor to process power station emissions
Authors: Stacey Neil T. , Hildebrandt Diane 
Published: November 2017

This article presents a quantitative model that envisions a greenhouse as a bioreactor converting power station flue gas into biomass. Through the use of this model, power‐generating capacity is correlated with greenhouse growing output and the potential benefits of such a setup are examined in terms of CO2 elimination and water recovery. It is well established in existing literature that elevated CO2 increases greenhouse plant yield by as much as 20% for suitable crop species. Our quantitative model reveals further that suitable flue gas can supply as much as 45% of the water content of plants grown in a greenhouse. Quantitative modeling indicates that for a simple flue gas‐fed greenhouse without separation or storage of flue gas, attached to a gas‐fired power station with a load factor of 35%, each 1 MW of name‐plate power producing capacity corresponds to a greenhouse growing capacity of 3.39 tons per day of plant material, with 1.64 tons per day of CO2 emissions eliminated and 1.34 tons per day of water recovered from the flue gas stream. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 37: 1774–1780, 2018
Transport measurement with a horizontal and a vertical pipe microphone in a mountain stream: taking account of particle saltation
Authors: Tsutsumi Daizo , Fujita Masaharu , Nonaka Michinobu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe pipe microphone has been shown to be an effective means for monitoring bedload transport in mountain streams. It is commonly installed perpendicular to the flow direction on a stable river bed, such as that of a check dam. Acoustic pulses caused by bedload collisions with the pipe are detected by a microphone. However, bedload particles saltating over the pipe remain undetected. To overcome this disadvantage, we installed a horizontal as well as a vertical pipe microphone in the Ashi‐arai‐dani supercritical channel located in the Hodaka mountain range, Japan. The vertical pipe was installed on the wall of the channel and the horizontal pipe was installed on the channel bed. The acoustic response of the horizontal pipe is expected to be larger than that of the vertical pipe, because the bedload concentration decreases with increasing height above the bed. However, at high amplifications, the peak pulse value from the vertical pipe is higher than that from the horizontal pipe. We explain this observation as follows: under high bedload discharge conditions, the pulses of the horizontal pipe are saturated but those of the vertical pipe are not. We proposed a ratio (Rhv) between the pulses detected by these sensors, and applied this ratio for calibrating the contemporaneous pulses detected by a microphone located immediately upstream of a bedload slot sampler. Indeed the Rhv‐corrected pulses correlated well with the bedload discharge calculated from the sampler, supporting our explanation. We conclude that bedload monitoring using concomitant vertical and horizontal pipe microphones can be used to calibrate centrally located pipe microphones when the bedload concentration is approximately homogeneous laterally across the width of the channel cross‐section, and thereby represent bedload discharges more accurately than with only a single pipe microphone. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of processing conditions on apparent viscosity and system parameters during extrusion of distiller's dried grains‐based snacks
Authors: Singha Poonam , Muthukumarappan Kasiviswanathan , Krishnan Padmanaban 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA combination of different levels of distillers dried grains processed for food application (FDDG), garbanzo flour and corn grits were chosen as a source of high‐protein and high‐fiber extruded snacks. A four‐factor central composite rotatable design was adopted to study the effect of FDDG level, moisture content of blends, extrusion temperature, and screw speed on the apparent viscosity, mass flow rate or MFR, torque, and specific mechanical energy or SME during the extrusion process. With increase in the extrusion temperature from 100 to 140°C, apparent viscosity, specific mechanical energy, and torque value decreased. Increase in FDDG level resulted in increase in apparent viscosity, SME and torque. FDDG had no significant effect (p > .5) on mass flow rate. SME also increased with increase in the screw speed which could be due to the higher shear rates at higher screw speeds. Screw speed and moisture content had significant negative effect (p < .05) on the torque. The apparent viscosity of dough inside the extruder and the system parameters were affected by the processing conditions. This study will be useful for control of extrusion process of blends containing these ingredients for the development of high‐protein high‐fiber extruded snacks.
Nanomaterial Fungicides: In Vitro and In Vivo Antimycotic Activity of Cobalt and Nickel Nanoferrites on Phytopathogenic Fungi
Authors: Sharma Parul , Sharma Adikshita , Sharma Monica , Bhalla Nikhil , Estrela Pedro , Jain Aditya , Thakur Preeti , Thakur Atul 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent advances in engineering lead to the fabrication of nanomaterials with unique properties targeted toward specific applications. The use of nanotechnology in agriculture, in particular for plant protection and production, is an under‐explored area in the research community. Fungal diseases are one of the leading causes of crop destruction and, in this context, the antifungal effect of nanoparticles of cobalt and nickel ferrite against phytopathogenic fungi is reported here. As a proof of concept, it is also shown how such nanoparticles can be used as fungicides in plants. The developed cobalt and nickel ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4) are successfully tested for antimycotic activity against three plant‐pathogenic fungi: Fusarium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Dematophora necatrix. In addition, it is also observed that these ferrite nanoparticles reduce the incidence of Fusarium wilt in capsicum. The study suggests that nanoparticles of CoFe2O4 and NiFe2O4 can be used as an effective fungicide in plant disease management.
Glial hypothalamic inhibition of GLUT2 expression alters satiety, impacting eating behavior
Authors: Barahona María J. , Llanos Paula , Recabal Antonia , Escobar‐Acuña Kathleen , Elizondo‐Vega Roberto , Salgado Magdiel , Ordenes Patricio , Uribe Elena , Sepúlveda Fernando J. , Araneda Ricardo C. , García‐Robles María A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlucose is a key modulator of feeding behavior. By acting in peripheral tissues and in the central nervous system, it directly controls the secretion of hormones and neuropeptides and modulates the activity of the autonomic nervous system. GLUT2 is required for several glucoregulatory responses in the brain, including feeding behavior, and is localized in the hypothalamus and brainstem, which are the main centers that control this behavior. In the hypothalamus, GLUT2 has been detected in glial cells, known as tanycytes, which line the basal walls of the third ventricle (3V). This study aimed to clarify the role of GLUT2 expression in tanycytes in feeding behavior using 3V injections of an adenovirus encoding a shRNA against GLUT2 and the reporter EGFP (Ad‐shGLUT2). Efficient in vivo GLUT2 knockdown in rat hypothalamic tissue was demonstrated by qPCR and Western blot analyses. Specificity of cell transduction in the hypothalamus and brainstem was evaluated by EGFP‐fluorescence and immunohistochemistry, which showed EGFP expression specifically in ependymal cells, including tanycytes. The altered mRNA levels of both orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides suggested a loss of response to increased glucose in the 3V. Feeding behavior analysis in the fasting‐feeding transition revealed that GLUT2‐knockdown rats had increased food intake and body weight, suggesting an inhibitory effect on satiety. Taken together, suppression of GLUT2 expression in tanycytes disrupted the hypothalamic glucosensing mechanism, which altered the feeding behavior.
Effectiveness of different numbers of simulation training models on medical students’ cervical examination performance
Authors: Lin Wei , Song Yingna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate whether different numbers of simulation training models affect medical students’ cervical examination performance.MethodsIn a prospective study at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China, between August 1, 2016, and April 30, 2017, fifth‐year medical students without obstetric experience were randomly assigned to the large or small number training groups. Participants in the large number group performed cervical examinations on 10 dilation models and nine effacement/consistency models; those in the small number group practiced on four dilation models and three effacement/consistency models. In the examination, both groups evaluated 10 models in the same sequence and reported findings. Participants also completed confidence surveys. Mann‐Whitney U test was used to compare the assessment accuracy and confidence improvement between the groups.ResultsThere were 91 students randomized to the large (n=45) or small (n=46) number training groups. As compared with the small number group, the large number group demonstrated higher accuracy in assessing exact dilation (P=0.028), exact effacement (P=0.002), effacement within 0.5 cm (P=0.017), and consistency (P=0.045). There was no difference in assessing dilation within 1 cm or in confidence improvement between the groups.ConclusionA small number of simulation training models was sufficient to improve students’ accuracy and confidence in assessing cervical dilatation, although a large number was needed to improve accuracy in cervical effacement and consistency.
Impairment of Bone Remodeling in LIGHT/TNFSF14-Deficient Mice
Authors: Brunetti Giacomina , Faienza Maria Felicia , Colaianni Graziana , Gigante Isabella , Oranger Angela , Pignataro Paolo , Ingravallo Giuseppe , Di Benedetto Adriana , Bortolotti Sara , Di Comite Mariasevera , Storlino Giuseppina , Lippo Luciana , Ward-Kavanagh Lindsay , Mori Giorgio , Reseland Janne E , Passeri Giovanni , Schipani Ernestina , Tamada Koji , Ware Carl F , Colucci Silvia , Grano Maria 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Multiple cytokines produced by immune cells induce remodeling and aid in maintaining bone homeostasis through differentiation of bone-forming osteoblasts and bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Here, we investigate bone remodeling controlled by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily cytokine LIGHT. LIGHT-deficient mice (Tnfsf14-/-) exhibit spine deformity and reduced femoral cancellous bone mass associated with an increase in the osteoclast number and a slight decrease of osteoblasts compared with WT mice. The effect of LIGHT in bone cells can be direct or indirect, mediated by both the low expression of the anti-osteoclastogenic osteoprotegerin (OPG) in B and T cells and reduced levels of the pro-osteoblastogenic Wnt10b in CD8+ T cells in Tnfsf14-/-mice. LIGHT stimulation increases OPG levels in B, CD8+ T, and osteoblastic cells, as well as Wnt10b expression in CD8+ T cells. The high bone mass in Light and T- and B-cell-deficient mice (Rag-/Tnfsf14-) supports the cooperative role of the immune system in bone homeostasis. These results implicate LIGHT as a potential target in bone disease. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
A greedy algorithm for finding a large 2‐matching on a random cubic graph
Authors: Bal Deepak , Bennett Patrick , Bohman Tom , Frieze Alan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA 2‐matching of a graph G is a spanning subgraph with maximum degree two. The size of a 2‐matching U is the number of edges in U and this is at least where n is the number of vertices of G and κ denotes the number of components. In this article, we analyze the performance of a greedy algorithm 2greedy for finding a large 2‐matching on a random 3‐regular graph. We prove that with high probability, the algorithm outputs a 2‐matching U with .
Shape disparity of bovid (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) horn sheaths and horn cores allows discrimination by species in 3D geometric morphometric analyses
Authors: Calamari Zachary T. , Fossum Ryanna 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe bony cranial structures of even‐toed hoofed mammals are important for understanding ecology and behavior of ruminants. Horns, the cranial appendages of the family Bovidae, are covered in a layer of keratin that is often not preserved in the fossil record; however, this keratin sheath is intimately involved in the processes that influence horn shape evolution. To understand the relationship between these two components of horns, we quantified both core and sheath shape for four extant species using three‐dimensional geometric morphometric analyses in separate, core‐ and sheath‐specific morphospaces as well as a combined morphospace. We assessed correlations between the horn and sheath morphospaces using two‐block partial least squares regression, a Mantel test of pairwise distances between species, and Procrustes ANOVA. We measured disparity in the combined morphospace as Procrustes distances between mean shapes of cores and sheaths within and between species and as Procrustes variance. We also tested whether core and sheath shapes could be discriminated by taxon with a canonical variate analysis. Results show that horn core and sheath morphospaces are strongly correlated. The differences in shape between a species' core and sheath were statistically significant, but not as great as those between the cores and sheaths of different species when close relatives were not considered, and core and sheath Procrustes variances are not significantly different within species. Cores and sheath shapes were highly identifiable and were assigned to the correct clade 93% of the time in the canonical variate analysis. Based on these tests, horn cores are distinguishable in geometric morphometric analyses, extending the possibility of using geometric morphometrics to study the ecology and evolution of bovid horns to the fossil record.
Diffusion‐weighted MRI characteristics associated with prognostic pathological factors and recurrence risk in invasive ER+/HER2– breast cancers
Authors: Amornsiripanitch Nita , Nguyen Vicky T. , Rahbar Habib , Hippe Daniel S. , Gadi Vijayakrishna K. , Rendi Mara H. , Partridge Savannah C. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundHormone receptor‐positive breast cancer is the most common subtype; better tools to identify which patients in this group would derive clear benefit from chemotherapy are needed.PurposeTo evaluate the prognostic potential of diffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) by investigating associations with pathologic biomarkers and a genomic assay for 10‐year recurrence risk.Study TypeRetrospective.SubjectsIn all, 107 consecutive patients (from 2/2010 to 1/2013) with estrogen receptor (ER)‐positive/HER2neu‐negative invasive breast cancer who had the 21‐gene recurrence score (RS) test (Oncotype DX, Genomic Health).Field Strength/SequenceEach subject underwent presurgical 3T breast MRI, which included DWI (b = 0, 800 s/mm2).AssessmentApparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were measured for each lesion by a fifth year radiology resident. Pathological markers (Nottingham histologic grade, Ki‐67, RS) were determined from pathology reports. Medical records were reviewed to assess recurrence‐free survival.Statistical TestsRS was stratified into low (<18), moderate (18–30), and high (>30)‐risk groups. Associations of DWI characteristics with pathologic biomarkers were evaluated by binary or ordinal logistic regression, as appropriate, with adjustment for multiple comparisons. Post‐hoc comparisons between specific groups were also performed.ResultsADCmean (odds ratio [OR] = 0.61 per 1 standard deviation [SD] increase, adj. P = 0.044) and CNR (OR = 1.76 per 1‐SD increase, adj. P = 0.026) were significantly associated with increasing tumor grade. DWI CNR was also significantly associated with a high (Ki‐67 ≥14%) proliferation rate (OR = 2.55 per 1‐SD increase, adj. P = 0.026). While there were no statistically significant linear associations in ADC (adj. P = 0.80–0.85) and CNR (adj. P = 0.56) across all three RS groups by ordinal logistic regression, post‐hoc analyses suggested that high RS lesions exhibited lower ADCmean (P = 0.037) and ADCmax (P = 0.004) values and higher CNR (P = 0.008) compared to lesions with a low or moderate RS.Data ConclusionDWI characteristics correlated with tumor grade, proliferation index, and RS, and may potentially help to identify those with highest recurrence risk and most potential benefit from chemotherapy.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017.