bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFICACY OF A MOVEMENT CONTROL EXERCISE PROGRAMME TO PREVENT INJURIES IN YOUTH RUGBY: A CLUSTER-RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL
Authors: Hislop Michael , Stokes Keith , Williams Sean , McKay Carly , Kemp Simon , England Mike , Trewartha Grant 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundStructured pre-activity exercise programmes have demonstrated injury prevention in a variety of settings, but their efficacy is largely unknown in contact-orientated sports.ObjectiveTo assess the efficacy of a pre-activity movement control exercise programme to reduce injury risk in youth rugby when compared with a standardised exercise programme.DesignSingle-blind cluster-randomised controlled trial.SettingIndependent schools within England during the 2015/16 playing season.ParticipantsSchools with onsite medical provision were eligible to participate in this trial. 31 schools (intervention, 17 schools, 1,325 players; control, 14 schools, 1,127 players) completed the trial.InterventionsBoth programmes were completed for 15–20 minutes prior to main sessions, with team coaches acting as delivery agents. The intervention programme combined progressive proprioceptive, resistance, and plyometric activities. The standardised programme combined dynamic stretching, wrestling-based and speed-based activities.Main Outcome MeasuresTrial-arm comparisons were made across summary measures of time-loss (>24 hours) injuries, with effects analysed through magnitude-based inference against thresholds for the smallest worthwhile effects (RR=0.90 & 1.11).Results441 time-loss injuries (intervention, 233; control, 208) were reported across 15,953 match exposure-hours (intervention, 9,083 hours; control, 6,870 hours). Intention-to-treat analyses revealed a 15% reduction in overall match injury incidence favouring the intervention (relative risk=0.85, 90% CI 0.61–1.17, unclear effect), whilst reductions were also identified in match concussion incidence (RR=0.71, 0.48–1.05, likely beneficial effect). Per-protocol analyses revealed that completing the intervention programme compared with the control programme an average of 2x/week was associated with a further reduction in overall match injury incidence (RR=0.73, 0.45–1.20, unclear effect), whilst an average use of 3x/week halved overall match injury incidence (RR=0.50, 0.22–1.13, likely beneficial effect).ConclusionsThis study presents encouraging evidence that using a preventive exercise programme 2–3x/week prior to training and matches can reduce injury risk in youth rugby when compared with a standardised programme.
THE EFFECTS OF SERIAL SPORTS TRAINING RISK ASSESSMENT AND COUNSELLING IN KIDS (T.R.A.C.K.)
Authors: Jayanthi Neeru 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundTraining recommendations in young athletes have been published by various authors and organizations to help reduce future injury risk. No previous study has evaluated a randomized intervention of counselling using evidence-based recommendations in a population of young athletes.ObjectiveTo determine if serial interactive on-line evidence-based counselling reduce the future rate of injury in young athletes.DesignMulti-Center Double-blind Prospective Randomized Interventional Trial.SettingAcademic institutions treating young athletes in sports medicine or primary care clinics.Patients (or Participants)Young athletes 8–17 years old presenting with or without a prior injury to either of these institutions.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)After completing the baseline risk assessment tool, young athletes were randomized to: (1) a control group who are monitored every 3 months for exposures for one year and (2) an intervention group of athletes who are similarly monitored and also receive a counselling checklist intervention every 3 months for one year. Training characteristics such as training volume, degree of specialization, and adherence to recommendations were evaluated in each group.Main Outcome MeasurementsInjury rates were compared at baseline and after the intervention in control and intervention. Compliance to recommendations and barriers to compliance were also assessed.Results362 subjects were enrolled with 350 subjects adequate for analysis (170 control, 180 intervention). Baseline demographics and injury rates (71% vs. 75%, p<0.1) were similar between groups. At baseline, injured athletes were older, had higher hrs/week of organized sports, less free play, and were more likely to do year round sports specialization then uninjured athletes. At 6 months of follow up, athletes in the counselling group had lower rates of injury then those in the control group (48.0% vs. 27.7%, p=0.003).ConclusionsSerial on-line based evidence-based counselling on training in young athletes may help to reduce future injury risk.
PERCEPTION OF HEALTH PROBLEMS AMONG COMPETITIVE RUNNERS: QUALITATIVE STUDY OF COGNITIVE APPRAISALS AND BEHAVIOURAL RESPONSES
Authors: Jelvegård Sara , Timpka Toomas , Bargoria Victor , Gauffin Håkan , Jacobsson Jenny 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundAbout 2 out of 3 competitive runners sustain at least one health problem every season; most of these problems are non-traumatic injuries with gradual onset. The main known risk indicator for sustaining a new running-related injury episode is a history of a previous injury, suggesting that behavioural habits are part of the causal mechanisms.ObjectiveTo explore competitive runners' cognitive appraisals of perceived symptoms on injury and illness and how these appraisals are transformed into behaviour.DesignQualitative study using semi-structured interviews for data collection.SettingSwedish competitive middle- and long-distance runners.Participants14 runners from the national top 15 list.Assessment of Risk FactorsQualitative research methods were used to categorize interview data and perform a thematic analysis.Main Outcome MeasurementsCategories resulting from the analysis were used to construct an explanatory model.ResultsSymptoms interpreted to be caused by illness or injury with a sudden onset were found to lead to immediate responses and changes to training and competition programs (activity pacing). In contrast, perceptions interpreted to be due to injuries with gradual onset led to varied behavioural reactions. These behavioural responses were planned with regard to short-term effects and were characterized by indifference and neglect of long-term implications, consistent with an overactivity behavioural pattern. The latter pattern was consistent with a psychological adaptation to stimuli that is presented progressively to the athlete.ConclusionsCompetitive runners appraise whether a health problem requires immediate withdrawal from training based on whether the problem is interpreted as an illness and/or has a sudden onset. The ensuing behaviours follow 2 distinct patterns that can be termed activity pacing and overactivity. Recurrent health problems among competitive runners can be addressed through the premise that overactivity behaviours are balanced by support of health literacy and psychological flexibility.
THE ROLE OF PLANTAR CUTANEOUS SENSATION AND THE PROXIMAL JOINT POSTURAL CONTROL STRATEGY TO MAINTAIN BALANCE IN CAI PATIENTS
Authors: Kang Tae Kyu , Woo Jung Yeon , Chang Jae Seung , Lee Sae Yong 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPrevious studies revealed that the patient with chronic ankle instability (CAI) has postural control deficit. However, it is unclear that if CAI patients rely more on plantar cutaneous sensation or other compensation strategy such as proximal joint postural control strategy.ObjectiveTo investigate the alteration of lower extremity movement pattern to maintain balance in CAI patients as compared to healthy group with and without plantar cutaneous sensation (PCS).DesignCase controlled study.SettingLaboratory.Patients (or Participants)Nine healthy subjects (age: 23.75±1.98 years; height: 164.10±6.90 cm; weight: 57.76±9.14 kg) and 10 CAI patients (age: 23.57±2.72 years; height: 166.14±7.74 cm; weight: 67.84±12.60 kg) with normal foot arch type (5 mm∼9 mm; 5.78±2.44 mm) were recruited.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Subjects immersed both feet in an ice water for 10 minutes and performed three trials of a single-leg stance balance test with their eyes closed on a force plate for 10 s.Main Outcome MeasurementsThree-dimensional lower extremity kinematics (Vicon Inc, Oxford, UK) were analysed. The kinematic data were analysed by ensemble curves and 95% confidential interval (CI). Group (healthy and CAI) by time (plantar sensation) mixed model two-way repeated measures of ANOVA was performed to analyse differences of maximum joint kinematics.ResultsWith diminished PCS, CAI group showed greater knee internal rotation (mean difference=−9.21±0.39°) and greater hip external rotation (mean difference=15.89±0.27°) throughout 10 seconds balance task. However, there were no significant main effects and interactions between group and time.ConclusionsSince PCS is intact before ice immersion, CAI patients rely more on PCS in order to maintain balance and revealed similar joint kinematics. However, once PCS diminished CAI patients utilize proximal joint compensatory mechanism such as leaning toward the injured side at the hip joint through external rotation of the hip joint and internally rotating the knee joint to prevent inversion at the ankle joint.
ETHNIC DIFFERENCES IN LOWER EXTREMITY DYNAMIC POSTURAL MEASURES AS POTENTIAL RISK FACTOR FOR ANTERIOR CRUCIATE LIGAMENT (ACL) INJURY
Authors: Kim Chang-Young , Chun Young Min , Lee Sae Yong 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundACL injury rate for female is as much as eight times higher than male in the United States. However, based upon Korean Health Insurance Corporation, higher injury rate was reported in male compared to female.ObjectiveTo determine whether ethnic differences exist in lower extremity dynamic postural measures between Caucasian female and Asian female.DesignCase controlled study.SettingControlled laboratory.Patients (or Participants)15 Caucasian female (age: 21.3±1.58 yrs; weight: 63.9±7.42 kg; height: 169.6±4.60 cm) and 15 Asian female (age: 20.4±1.20 yrs; weight: 57.8±3.86 kg; height: 164.0±2.72 cm) were recruited as subjects for this study.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)All subjects performed Drop jump from a 30 cm-box, which was set at the half of their height distance away from the force plate.Main Outcome MeasurementsThree dimensional knee joint kinematics were extracted from motion analysis system (Vicon Inc, Oxford, UK; BTS Bioengineering, Milano, Italy). All joint kinematics were analyzed at one discrete point which was 30° knee flexion. Independent sample t-test was performed to analyze mean differences between ethnicity.ResultsCaucasian female had significantly greater knee valgus (t=−3.293, p=0.03, Caucasian: −3.15°±6.12°; Asian: 3.19°±3.94°) and knee internal rotation (t=2.143, p=0.41, Caucasian: 12.58°±9.54°; Asian: 5.05°±9.35°) compared to Asian female in Drop jump.ConclusionsOur results showing signiﬁcantly greater knee valgus and internal rotation in Caucasian female may support the difference of ACL injury rates between Caucasian and Asian. Possibly reducing knee valgus and internal rotation may drop the injury rate of female to similar with male as found in South Korea.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF POST-TRAUMATIC KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS AFTER KNEE LIGAMENT OR MENISCUS INJURIES USING NATIONAL HEALTH INSURANCE SERVICE (NHIS) 514,866 COHORT DATA: RETROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY
Authors: Kim Sang Gyun , Lee So Young , Lee Young Hee , Lee Sae Yong 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundVarious knee injuries accompanying anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has been established as a significant risk factor for developing knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, research using big cohort sample to examine relationship between ACL and OA have not been conducted yet.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of ACL injury and other related knee joint structures on the development of OA using National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) cohort data.DesignEpidemiological retrospective cohort study.SettingEpidemiological study of active adult population from National Health Insurance Service cohort database.Patients (or Participants)The subjects consist of a total of 514,866 randomly selected NHIS cohort group (age, 52.6 years; BMI, 24.0) between 2002 and 2013. Individual with an ACL injury regardless of accompany of other structural damage were prospectively followed-up until 2013.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)ACL injury with multiple knee joint ligament damage (AL); ACL injury with meniscus damage (AM); single ACL injury (AS); and group without any knee joint ligaments or meniscus injury (Control).Main Outcome MeasurementsAdjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidential interval (CI) were estimated.ResultsA total of 1,175 (2.28 per 1,000 population) ACL patients were found in 2002 and followed-up until 2013. AS (OR, 1.79; CI, 1.41–2.26), AL (OR, 2.77; CI, 2.37–3.25) and AM (OR, 2.78; CI, 2.37–3.26) demonstrated 1.79, 2.77, and 2.78 times greater to develop OA than control group respectively. AL (OR, 1.55; CI, 1.17–2.06) and AM (OR, 1.56; CI, 1.17–2.07) are approximately 1.6 times greater than AS.ConclusionsThis study clearly provide evidence that multiple knee joint injury is as high as approximately 3 times greater risk of developing OA than control and even 1.6 times greater than AS. Therefore, clinician should consider appropriate treatment option for ACL injured patient to prevent progression to OA.
THE INCIDENCE OF EXERTIONAL HEAT STROKE DURING MASS-PARTICIPATION TRIATHLON RACES: OPTIMISING ATHLETE SAFETY
Authors: Knight Nicholas , Parkin James , Smith Ralph , Kipps Courtney 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundExertional heat stroke (EHS) is a potentially life-threatening condition to the endurance athlete. Early recognition and rapid on-site treatment with aggressive cooling measures significantly reduces mortality, improves outcome and avoids hospital transfers.ObjectiveDetermine the incidence of EHS in triathlon competition.DesignA retrospective analysis of competitor medical records.SettingData was collected across two UK-based triathlons over six years (11 consecutive triathlons).Patients (or Participants)All casualties diagnosed with EHS by the Triathlon Medical team (TMT). Diagnostic criteria of EHS included a core temperature >40°C and evidence of an altered mental state indicating neurological dysfunction.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)Age, gender, race distance, co-morbidities and medical management required were recorded.Main Outcome MeasurementsIncidence of EHS amongst triathlon competitors.ResultsOf 68557 starting competitors, 429 casualties presented to the TMT. Twelve (2.8%) were diagnosed with EHS, giving an incidence of 1.74/10000 starters. Eight EHS casualties (67%) collapsed during the run phase, with three collapsing after the finish line. One EHS casualty presented during the swim phase in cardiac arrest. This patient was successfully resuscitated with CPR before ice-bath cooling for EHS. Four (36%) EHS casualties were discharged directly from the TMT and the remaining transferred to hospital.ConclusionsEHS is a significant risk in mass-participation triathlon events. EHS can be successfully managed on-site with aggressive cooling measures which may reduce hospital transfers. The majority of EHS cases occur during or after the run phase and therefore we recommend event organisers focus both medical resources and prevention strategies at this phase.
THE EFFECT OF BODY CHECKING POLICY CHANGE ON OFFENSIVE GAME SKILL PERFORMANCE IN 13–14 YEAR OLD ICE HOCKEY PLAYERS
Authors: Kolstad Ash , Nadeau Luc , Eliason Paul , Palacios-Derflingher Luz , Goulet Claude , Emery Carolyn A. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPolicy allowing body checking (BC) increases injury and concussion risk in youth ice hockey players. Hockey Calgary introduced BC policy change in 2015 that disallows BC at the Bantam (ages 13–14) non-elite level (lowest 60% by division of play).ObjectiveTo compare game offensive performance (OP) between non-elite Bantam players playing in a league allowing BC and players in a league not allowing BC.DesignProspective cohort.SettingArenas in Calgary, Alberta.ParticipantsNon-elite Bantam games were videotaped in Calgary, Alberta during the 2014–15 (n=348 players) and 2015–16 (n=309 players) playing seasons.Assessment of Risk FactorsPlayers from the 2014–15 season played in a league allowing BC, while players from 2015–16 season played in a league where BC was not allowed.Main Outcome MeasurementsUsing Dartfish video analysis software, games were analyzed for OP metrics for the puck carrier using the ice hockey adapted Team Sport Assessment Procedure. These metrics included puck possession (conquered puck from an opponent and received pass from a teammate) and puck outcome (successful shot on goal, lost puck to an opponent, and offensive pass to a teammate). Unadjusted incidence rate-ratios (IRRs), clustered by game, were calculated for each puck action per team game between players in Calgary, Alberta 2014–15 (BC allowed) and 2015–16 (BC not allowed).ResultsNo differences were found in puck possession metrics [conquered puck IRR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.00,1.16), received pass IRR=1.05 (95% CI: 0.93,1.18)] or puck outcome [successful shot IRR=0.97 (95% CI: 0.86,1.10), lost puck IRR=1.07 (95% CI: 0.98,1.18), offensive pass IRR=0.98 (95% CI: 0.86,1.12)].ConclusionsThere were no differences found across all OP metrics between a non-elite Bantam league allowing BC and a league not allowing BC. There is no evidence to conclude that offensive performance was negatively nor positively affected by Hockey Calgary's decision to disallow BC at Bantam non-elite levels.
DECISION MAKING IN THE RETURN TO PLAY AND PREVENTION STRATEGIES – ANALYSIS OF ELITE FOOTBALL PLAYERS AND TEAM COACHE` VIEW
Authors: Krutsch Werner , Angele Peter , Nerlich Michael , Loose Oliver 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundFootball injuries are a common problem for players, coaches and clubs. To improve prevention strategies, the player and coach view needs to be known.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to reveal current views about injuries prevention strategies in football.DesignRetrospective cohort study in elite football level.SettingThe elite football level of salaried football players (n=486) and team coaches (n=88) were investigated.ParticipantsTeam coaches (c) and male football players (p) of all age levels of the 4th until 6th division in German football were included.InterventionsOne questionnaire at the beginning of a football season was completed in the context of an intervention study regarding injury prevention in elite football.Main Outcome MeasurementsInvestigated topics were points view about influencing factors on injuries, screening tests, injury profile and return to play decision-making.ResultsPhysiotherapy (p:77.8%; c:75.9%) and screening examinations (p: 56.3%; c: 62.1%) were highest ranked as prevention strategy in football. The most important preventive training topics were warm up exercises (p: 76.1%; c: 74.7%), regeneration (p: 54.1%; c: 56.3%) and core stability (p: 53.8; c: 70.1%), while practical transfer to the field was low for core stability (p: 27.5%; c: 32.1%) and balancing exercises (p: 22.0; c: 19.8%). Knee injuries (p: 90.7%; c: 93.1%) were reported as the most common problem in football. Decision-making for return to play after injuries presented players with own will for a decision-making (81.4%) and the team coaches with the opinion that doctors are main decision maker (83.5%). Thus, decisions against doctors' recommendation in the past were frequently made among participants (p: 64.4%; c: 87.1%).ConclusionsThe basic knowledge about prevention of injuries in elite football is sufficient, while practical implementation is insufficient.
THE CROWD GOES WILD: THE DISSEMINATION OF CONCUSSION RISK INFORMATION ON TWITTER IN RESPONSE TO THE REMOVAL OF HEADGEAR IN MEN'S BOXING AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES
Authors: McKay Carly , Stokes Keith 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundBoxing headgear has previously been mandatory at the Olympic Games but was removed from men's competition in 2016, citing evidence that it increases concussion risk.ObjectiveTo describe the dissemination of concussion information on social media in response to headgear removal during Olympic competition.DesignCross-sectional media analysis.SettingUser-generated content posted on the social networking site Twitter during the 2016 Olympic Summer Games.ParticipantsTwitter users posting relevant content between 5th-21st August, 2016.Assessment of Risk FactorsTwitter data (“tweets”) were extracted and coded as eitherfor(supporting) oragainst(opposed to) headgear removal, and to indicate the user's belief that headgear prevents or increases the risk of concussion.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe total number of tweets and the number of users reached were extracted. Pearson chi2was used to assess the effect of concussion risk beliefs on the type of disseminated message (e.g., personal opinion versus evidence-based).Results646 tweets were captured, reaching ∼13.2 million Twitter users. Concussion was mentioned in 91 (14.1%) cases; increased laceration risk after headgear removal was referenced in 100 (15.5%). External links were included in 219 tweets (33.9%), comprising scientific publications/resources (n=27, 12.3%), news articles (n=141, 64.4%), and blog/opinion sites (n=51, 23.3%). Only 277 tweets were framed as eitherfor(n=121, 43.7%) oragainst(n=156, 56.3%) headgear removal. Of these, 64 (45.4%) indicated that headgear increases concussion risk, whereas 77 (54.5%) suggested that it prevents concussions. Users who believed that headgear prevents concussions were more likely to base this on personal opinion (n=66, 85.7%) than those believing it increases risk (n=41, 64.1%) (x2=8.95, p=0.003).ConclusionsPersonal opinion and news articles were the most commonly disseminated concussion information sources, leading to conflicting positions on the counterintuitive removal of boxing headgear. These findings have implications for real-time knowledge translation strategies during intervention implementation across contexts.