bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using SRG/eROSITA to predict soft proton induced ATHENA backgrounds
Authors: Perinati Emanuele , Freyberg Michael J. , Yeung Michael C. H. , Dennerl Konrad , Pommranz Christian , Heß Bastian , Diebold Sebastian , Tenzer Chris , Santangelo Andrea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSoft protons populating the space environment have affected the performance of the X-ray detectors on board Chandra and XMM-Newton, and they pose a threat for future high energy astrophysics missions with larger aperture, such as ATHENA. In this paper, we aim to predict the soft proton induced ATHENA backgrounds from the modelling of the orbital flux obtained using eROSITA on board SRG. To this end, we analysed the background measured by eROSITA and with the help of simulations we defined a range of values for the potential count-rate of quiet-time soft protons focused through the mirror shells. We used it to derive an estimate of the orbital soft proton flux, from which the induced background for the WFI and X-IFU detectors can be predicted, assuming ATHENA in the same L2-orbit as SRG. The scaling, based on the computed proton transmission yields of the optics and optical/thermal filters, indicates that the soft proton induced WFI and X-IFU backgrounds could be expected within the requirement. Regardless of where ATHENA will be placed (L1 or L2), our analysis also suggests that increasing somewhat the thickness of the WFI optical blocking filter, e.g. by $$\sim $$
∼
30%, would help to further reduce the soft proton flux onto the detector, which might be worth in case the planned magnetic diverters perform worse than expected due to soft proton neutralisation at the mirror level.
Factors impacting urban greenspace usage: new evidence from South Africa
Authors: Struwig Christiaan , Davis Nerhene , Breetzke Gregory D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the factors that impact urban greenspace (UGS) usage in three urban parks in the city of Tshwane, South Africa. Guided by systems theory, we aim to determine how various cultural ecosystem services afforded by these parks influence usage with a particular focus on social relations, recreation, aesthetics, and spiritual value. Data for the study was collected using an online survey as well as online reviews of the UGSs from three different sources. Site visits were also conducted to verify the presence (or absence) of various tangible factors that could impact usage. Using correlation analysis, we determined that recreation was the primary cultural ecosystem service offered by these spaces that individuals consider when deciding whether to use an UGS. Moreover, UGSs that are accessible, perceptibly safe, and well-maintained generally attract park usage while UGSs that are perceived as being unsafe, neglected, and/or polluted generally deter park use. We conclude the study by making a series of recommendations that could encourage UGS usage in this unique context in South Africa.
Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptom Profiles in Fragile X Syndrome, Angelman Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Lubbers Kyra , Hiralal Kamil R. , Dieleman Gwendolyn C. , Hagenaar Doesjka A. , Dierckx Bram , Legerstee Jeroen S. , de Nijs Pieter F.A. , Rietman André B. , Oostenbrink Rianne , Bindels-de Heus Karen G.C.B. , de Wit Marie-Claire Y. , Hillegers Manon H.J. , ten Hoopen Leontine W. , Mous Sabine E. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStudying Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) heterogeneity in biologically homogeneous samples may increase our knowledge of ASD etiology. Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Angelman syndrome (AS), Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), and Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) are monogenic disorders with high a prevalence of ASD symptomatology. This study aimed to identify ASD symptom profiles in a large group of children and adolescents (0;9–28 years) with FXS, AS, TSC, and NF1. Data on ASD symptomatology (Autism Diagnostic Observation Scale (ADOS-2) & Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS-2)) were collected from children and adolescents with FXS (n = 54), AS (n = 93), TSC (n = 112), and NF1 (n = 278). To identify groups of individuals with similar ASD profiles, we performed two latent profile analyses. We identified a four-profile model based on the ADOS-2, with a (1) ‘Non-spectrum symptom profile’, (2) ‘Social Affect symptom profile’, (3)‘Restricted/Repetitive Behaviors symptom profile’, and (4)‘ASD symptom profile’. We also identified a four-profile model based on the SRS, with a (1)‘Non-clinical symptom profile’, (2)‘Mild symptom profile’, (3)‘Moderate symptom profile’, and (4)‘Severe symptom profile’. Although each syndrome group exhibited varying degrees of severity, they also displayed heterogeneity in the profiles in which they were classified. We found distinct ASD symptom profiles in a population consisting of children and adolescents with FXS, AS, TSC, and NF1. Our study highlights the importance of a personalized approach to the identification and management of ASD symptoms in rare genetic syndromes. Future studies should aim to include more domains of functioning and investigate the stability of latent profiles over time.
A Longitudinal Study of Head Circumference Trajectories in Autism and Autistic Traits
Authors: Ashley Sarah A. , Merritt Kate , Solmi Francesca , Laguna Pedro L. , Reichenberg Abraham , David Anthony S. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIncreased head circumference is an established finding in autism spectrum disorder (ASD); however, it is unclear when this increase occurs, if it persists and whether it manifests across the whole ASD spectrum. Head circumference is a strong predictor of brain size and can therefore provide key insights into brain development in ASD. We used data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children to compare head circumference trajectories from birth to 15 years in children with an ASD diagnosis (N = 78, controls = 6,404) or elevated autistic traits as measured using the Social Communication Disorder Checklist (N = 639, controls = 6,230). Exploratory analyses were conducted in those with ASD and co-morbid cognitive learning needs (CLN). Children with an ASD diagnosis had larger head circumference from birth across childhood and adolescence compared to controls in univariable (B = 0.69, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.28–1.09, p = 0.001) and multivariable models (B = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.003–0.75, p = 0.048). Differences were more marked in those with co-morbid CLN. Children with elevated autistic traits had significantly smaller head circumference compared to controls. There was weak evidence of group differences when height was included as a covariate. Head circumference trajectories in ASD deviate from control children and persist until adolescence. Autistic traits were associated with smaller head circumference, suggesting distinct growth trajectories between clinical cases from those with non-clinical traits.
Does Camouflaging Cause Reduced Quality of Life? A Co-Twin Control Study
Authors: Remnélius Karl Lundin , Neufeld Janina , Isaksson Johan , Bölte Sven 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCamouflaging has been proposed to have a detrimental effect on quality of life, yet previous research has not accounted sufficiently for potential confounding by genetic and shared environmental factors. The current study utilized a co-twin control design providing stringent control for a range of confounders to investigate the hypothesis that camouflaging autistic traits has a negative impact on quality of life. The sample included 140 individual twins from 42 monozygotic (MZ) and 28 dizygotic (DZ) twin-pairs, enriched for participants with neurodevelopmental conditions including 22 autistic participants. All twins provided self-reports of camouflaging and quality of life. Autistic participants and specifically autistic females displayed increased camouflaging behaviors compared to non-autistic participants. Across the sample, higher levels of camouflaging were associated with reduced quality of life, surviving adjustment for confounding effects of autistic traits, ADHD, sex, and age. Within DZ- as well as MZ-pairs, which provide the highest level of control for unmeasured confounders, twins who camouflaged more reported lower quality of life compared to their co-twins, consistent with a causal influence of camouflaging on quality of life. Our results strengthen previous claims purporting camouflaging behaviors as a risk factor for reduced quality of life.
Effects of Injected Current Streams on MHD Equilibrium Reconstruction of Local Helicity Injection Plasmas in a Spherical Tokamak
Authors: Weberski J. D. , Bongard M. W. , Diem S. J. , Fonck R. J. , Goetz J. A. , Nornberg M. D. , Reusch J. A. , Schaefer C. E. , Sontag A. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOpen field line currents are intrinsic to DC helicity injection plasma startup and pose a challenge for inferring the plasma equilibrium with standard reconstruction analysis. Local helicity injection (LHI) is a type of DC helicity injection which uses small, modular current sources to drive force-free current along helical field lines to produce tokamak plasmas. MHD modeling and magnetic measurements during LHI indicate the injected current streams remain coherent as helical structures on the outboard edge of a core toroidal plasma that is tokamak-like in a toroidally averaged sense. To extract core plasma equilibrium properties, external magnetic diagnostics corrected for contributions from the injected current streams are fitted by a standard Grad-Shafranov equilibrium code. An iterative approach for estimating and subtracting the stream contributions from the diagnostic signals is described and applied to a model equilibrium database to reduce systematic errors introduced by the streams. Convergence is usually attained with 2 to 4 iterations, with derived equilibrium parameters matching the prescribed axisymmetric core values to within estimated experimental uncertainties. Accurate recovery of core parameters occurs when the ratio of the net toroidal windup current from the streams to the core plasma current is less than 0.2, which is typically satisfied in most experiments.
Global Expectations for Bystander Intervention in Domestic Violence: A Scoping Review of Governmental Policies and Community Resources in Eight Countries
Authors: Kuskoff Ella , Parsell Cameron 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Over recent years, expectations for bystanders to intervene to interrupt or prevent domestic violence have increased. However, the extent of these expectations and the ways in which bystanders are supported to uphold these expectations remain ambiguous. Drawing on a scoping review methodology, this study aims to map the bystander expectations and advice contained in government policies and community resources across eight countries.

Methods
We conducted a grey-literature search to identify the three most recent and relevant policy documents from each country, as well as the three most easily-accessible online community resources. We charted key information from each policy and resource, including type of violence and level of prevention; responsibility to intervene and effectiveness of bystander intervention; recognition of danger; and recommended bystander actions.

Results
The results indicate that the government policies and community resources included in the review held high expectations for bystanders to intervene in domestic violence. However, the information provided on how to safely and effectively intervene was inconsistent in its recognition of the risk posed to bystanders, and often offered contradictory advice.

Conclusions
An examination of our findings within the context of existing evidence suggests that there are severe limitations to the messages and information presented by the policies and resources. As a matter of urgency, more empirical research is needed to inform the government policies and community resources that encourage bystanders to intervene in domestic violence.
Doing Justice: Ethical Considerations Identifying and Researching Transgender and Gender Diverse People in Insurance Claims Data
Authors: Alpert Ash B. , Babbs Gray , Sanaeikia Rebecca , Ellison Jacqueline , Hughes Landon , Herington Jonathan , Dembroff Robin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Data on the health of transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people are scarce. Researchers are increasingly turning to insurance claims data to investigate disease burden among TGD people. Since claims do not include gender self-identification or modality (i.e., TGD or not), researchers have developed algorithms to attempt to identify TGD individuals using diagnosis, procedure, and prescription codes, sometimes also inferring sex assigned at birth and gender. Claims-based algorithms introduce epistemological and ethical complexities that have yet to be addressed in data informatics, epidemiology, or health services research. We discuss the implications of claims-based algorithms to identify and categorize TGD populations, including perpetuating cisnormative biases and dismissing TGD individuals’ self-identification. Using the framework of epistemic injustice, we outline ethical considerations when undertaking claims-based TGD health research and provide suggestions to minimize harms and maximize benefits to TGD individuals and communities.
Distributionally Robust Portfolio Optimization under Marginal and Copula Ambiguity
Authors: Fan Zhengyang , Ji Ran , Lejeune Miguel A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe investigate a new family of distributionally robust optimization problem under marginal and copula ambiguity with applications to portfolio optimization problems. The proposed model considers the ambiguity set of portfolio returns in which the marginal distributions and their copula are close—in terms of the Wasserstein distance—to their nominal counterparts. We develop a cutting-surface method to solve the proposed problem, in which the distribution separation subproblem is nonconvex and includes bilinear terms. We propose three approaches to solve the bilinear formulation, namely (1) linear relaxation via McCormick inequalities, (2) exact mixed-integer linear program reformulation via disjunctive inequalities, and (3) inner approximation method via a novel iterative procedure that exploits the structural properties of the bilinear optimization problem. We further carry out a comprehensive set of computational experiments with distributionally robust portfolios featuring Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR) measures. These tests aim to compare the accuracy of the proposed algorithms, analyze the impact of the radius of the Wasserstein ambiguity ball on the portfolio, and assess portfolio performance. We use a rolling-horizon approach to conduct the out-of-sample tests, which show the superior performance of the portfolios under marginal and copula ambiguity over the equally weighted and ambiguity-free Mean-CVaR benchmark portfolios.
Generational Shifts in Adolescent Mental Health: A Longitudinal Time-Lag Study
Authors: Borg Meghan E. , Heffer Taylor , Willoughby Teena 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is concern that adolescents today are experiencing a “mental health crisis” compared to previous generations. Research has lacked a longitudinal time-lag design to directly compare depressive symptoms and social anxiety of adolescents in two generations. The current study surveyed 1081 adolescents in the current generation (Mage = 14.60, SD = 0.31, 49% female) and 1211 adolescents in a previous generation (Mage = 14.40, SD = 0.51, 51% female) across the high school years (grades 9–12), 20 years apart. Mixed-effects analysis revealed that the Current-Sample reported higher and increasing mental health problems over time compared to the Past-Sample. Although most adolescents reported consistently low mental health problems, the Current-Sample had a higher proportion of adolescents who were consistently at risk across the high school years compared to the Past-Sample. These findings highlight while most adolescents in both generations do not report elevated mental health problems, there may be a small, yet growing, group of adolescents today at risk for experiencing a “mental health crisis”.
Regulation of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors in obesity-related esophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Agrawal Swati , Podber Anna , Gillespie Megan , Dietz Nick , Hansen Laura A. , Nandipati Kalyana C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Obesity is a risk factor for esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). It was reported that obesity -associated inflammation correlates with insulin resistance and increased risk of EAC. The objective of the study is to investigate the role of obesity associated inflammatory mediators in the development of EAC.

Methods
We included 23 obese and nonobese patients with EAC or with or without Barrett’s esophagus (BE) after IRB approval. We collected 23 normal, 10 BE, and 19 EAC tissue samples from endoscopy or esophagectomy. The samples were analyzed for the expression levels of pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors, PKC-δ, cIAP2, FLIP, IGF-1, Akt, NF-kB and Ki67 by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR. We compared the expression levels between normal, BE, and EAC tissue using Students’ t-test between two groups.

Results
Our results showed decreased gene and protein expression of pro-apoptotic factors (bad, bak and bax) and increased expression of anti-apoptotic factors (bcl-2, Bcl-xL) in BE and EAC compared to normal tissues. There was increased gene and protein expression of PKC-δ, cIAP2, FLIP, NF-kB, IGF-1, Akt, and Ki67 in BE and EAC samples compared to normal esophagus. Further, an increased folds changes in mRNA expression of proapoptotic factors, antiapoptotic factors, PKC-δ, IGF-1, Akt, and Ki-67 was associated with obesity.

Conclusion
Patients with EAC had increased expression of cIAP2 and FLIP, and PKC-δ which is associated with inhibition of apoptosis and possible progression of esophageal adenocarcinoma.
What should economists do?: A historical perspective
Authors: Marciano Alain 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to present “What Should Economists Do?”, an article written by James Buchanan and published in 1964, in an historical perspective. We put forward an important point, namely the opposition with Ludwig von Mises, and Buchanan’s attempt at differentiating his approach from Mises. Instead of in addition to Robbins, that he nominally targeted, Buchanan was actually criticizing Mises. Buchanan thus defined economics in a very specific way, as a science that studies exchange but only when it results from a desire (or a propensity) to exchange.
Bioactive compounds enrichment in rabbit doe’s diet pre-and during pregnancy improves productive and reproductive performance and cost-effectiveness under hot climates
Authors: El-Speiy Mohamed E. , Zeitoun Moustafa M. , El-Sawy Mohamed A. , Sadaka Tarek A. , Abou-Shehema Bahaa M. , Abdella Mohamed M. , Shahba Hossam A. , Habib Mahmoud R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the effect of diet supplementation with a symbiotic (SY), bee pollen (BP), honey bee (HB), date palm pollen (DPP) and their mixture (MIX) on female rabbit productive and reproductive performances under desert hot climates. Seventy-two Californian does of 5 months age and average body weight of 3250 ± 78.2 g were randomly allotted into six groups, each of 12 does. All does orally receive 3 ml distilled water for 10 days before mating and 28 days during pregnancy. Treatments were repeated for four consecutive parities. The first group served as control (C) given distilled water only, however the second, third, fourth and fifth groups were supplemented with 3 ml distilled water containing 0.2 ml SY, 200 mg DPP, 200 mg BP, 0.2 ml HB/doe per day, respectively. While, the sixth group does were given all previous ingredients (MIX). Sexual receptivity rate, fertility rate, kindling rate, and newborn traits were recorded. Also, maternal feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and digestibility coefficients of nutrients were recorded. Does in all groups were artificially inseminated with 0.5 ml of fresh heterospermic semen of 15 fertile bucks extended in Tris at 806–1006 sperm/ml. Treatment increased maternal body weight and daily gain with highest values (P < 0.05) in BP, SY, and MIX does. All treatments enhanced feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR) compared with control. Number services per conception decreased (P < 0.01), while litter size and weight and survival at birth and weaning increased (P < 0.01) in treated than control does. Treated does produced more milk than control. Digestibility coefficients of all nutrients were improved (P < 0.01) in treated does. In conclusion, supporting rabbit does pre- and during pregnancy with diets supplemented with a mixture of honey bee, date palm pollen, bee pollen, and synbiotic improves the productive and reproductive performances of rabbit does and their offspring.
Optimized biosynthesis of lytic enzymes by special Trichoderma citrinoviride
Authors: Piegza Michał , Łaba Wojciech 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe use of Trichoderma filamentous fungi in the wide concept of biocontrol is still a highly relevant topic. The multifaceted nature of their impact on phytopathogenic microorganisms results from the species diversity and complexity of their antagonistic action. The presented research aimed to determine optimal cultivation conditions of two T. citrinoviride strains for the biosynthesis of major enzymes especially those involved in the biocontrol process. Culture conditions were optimized using a three-factor Box-Behnken design to maximize the yield of chitinase and lichenase. The following independent variables were included in the model: incubation temperature, initial pH, and supplementation with fungal biomass. As a result of statistical optimization, unprecedented activities of extracellular lytic enzyme were achieved. For the B1 and B3 strains, the optimal pH was 3.5 or 7.5, respectively, in the determination of chitinase biosynthesis. It was similar for the biosynthesis of β-1.3 and β-1.4 glucanases, but at higher cultivation temperature. The exception was the B3 strain, for which the optimal pH in glucanase biosynthesis was 5.5. The most stimulating culture temperature in the process of chitinase biosynthesis and β-1.3 and β-1.4 glucanases was above 25 °C. In that, the levels of enzyme biosynthesis and corresponding composition culture environment were confirmed to be strain-dependent.