bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Equine Gastric Glandular Disease: A Case‐Control Study in a Finnish Referral Hospital Population
Authors: Mönki J. , Hewetson M. , Virtala A.‐M.K. 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundEquine gastric glandular disease (EGGD) is a term used to classify erosive and ulcerative diseases of the glandular mucosa of the equine stomach. Epidemiologic studies of risk factors forEGGDhave not been reported.ObjectiveTo determine risk factors forEGGD.AnimalsCases (n = 83) had endoscopic evidence ofEGGD; controls (n = 34) included healthy horses and horses with equine squamous gastric disease (ESGD) withoutEGGD.MethodsRetrospective case‐control study. The data were analyzed by multivariable logistic regression modeling. Analysis was performed on the full dataset. An additional analysis compared horses with glandular lesions (n = 43) against healthy horses (n = 22).ResultsOn first analysis, Warmblood breed (OR = 13.9, 95%CI2.2–90.9,P = .005) and an increasing number of caretakers (OR = 7.3, 95%CI0.98–55.6,P = .053) were associated with an increased risk ofEGGD. On analysis of the subset of data, Warmblood breed (OR = 28.6, 95%CI2.96–250.0,P = .004) and increasing number of riders (OR = 12.99, 95%CI0.94–166.7,P = .056) were risk factors. The presence of sand in the colon appeared to have a protective effect againstEGGD(OR = 0.195, 95%CI0.04–1.0,P = .051 for sand versus not having sand).Conclusions and clinical importanceThis study suggests that Warmbloods are predisposed toEGGDand multiple handlers/riders might increase the risk ofEGGD. Identification of risk factors allows speculation on potential pathophysiological mechanisms ofEGGD.
Relationships between types of father breastfeeding support and breastfeeding outcomes
Authors: Rempel Lynn A. , Rempel John K. , Moore Katrina C. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractFathers' support can influence mothers' breastfeeding decisions and behavior. Potentially supportive behaviors have been reported in previous studies, but no studies have directly examined which, if any, of those actions are actually more likely to result in desired breastfeeding outcomes. The two studies reported in this paper address this gap by examining relationships between fathers' reported breastfeeding support and mothers' perceptions of received support and breastfeeding intentions, satisfaction, and duration. The Partner Breastfeeding Influence Scale (PBIS) was used in an online survey with 64 women and 41 men (34 couples) and a telephone survey with 80 mothers and 65 fathers (63 couples). Fathers' and mothers' reports of how often fathers engage in the types of support measured by the PBIS were used to predict breastfeeding intentions, satisfaction, and duration. In Study 1, responsiveness predicted breastfeeding success and satisfaction for men and satisfaction for women. However, mothers' intended breastfeeding duration was shorter when fathers both wanted them to breastfeed for a long time and were more appreciative and savvy about breastfeeding. In Study 2, when fathers reported being more appreciative and directly involved in breastfeeding, mothers reported shorter breastfeeding duration. In both studies, mothers' perceptions of their partners' responsiveness and fathers' reports of their own responsiveness predicted longer breastfeeding intentions and duration. These findings suggest that the most effective breastfeeding support is delivered using a sensitive, coordinated teamwork approach that is responsive to the mother's needs.
Predictors of vitamin D status in New Zealand preschool children
Authors: Cairncross C.T. , Stonehouse W. , Conlon C.A. , Grant C.C. , McDonald B. , Houghton L.A. , Eyles D. , Camargo C.A. , Coad J. , von Hurst P.R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractVitamin D deficiency has adverse health effects in young children. Our aims were to determine predictors of vitamin D status and then to use these factors to develop a practical tool to predict low 25(OH)D concentrations in preschool New Zealand children. A cross‐sectional sample of 1329 children aged 2 to <5 years were enrolled from throughout New Zealand in late‐winter to spring 2012. 25‐Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured on dried blood spot (DBS) samples collected using finger‐prick sampling. Caregivers completed a questionnaire. Mean (SD) DBS 25(OH)D concentration was 52(19)nmol/L. 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L was present in 86(7%), 25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L in 642(48%), 25(OH)D 50‐ < 75 nmol/L in 541(41%) and 25(OH)D > 75 nmol/L in 146(11%) of children. Factors independently associated with the risk of 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L were female gender (OR 1.92,95%CI 1.17–3.14), other non‐European ethnicities (not including Māori or Pacific) (3.51,1.89–6.50), had olive‐dark skin colour (4.52,2.22–9.16), did not take vitamin D supplements (2.56,1.06–6.18), had mothers with less than secondary‐school qualifications (5.00,2.44–10.21) and lived in more deprived households (1.27,1.06–1.53). Children who drank toddler milk (vitamin D fortified cow's milk formula marketed to young children) had a zero risk of 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L. The predictive tool identified children at risk of 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L with sensitivity 42%, specificity 97% and ROC area‐under‐curve 0.76(95%CI 0.67–0.86, p < 0.001). Predictors of low vitamin D status were consistent with those identified in previous studies of New Zealand children. The tool had insufficient predictive ability for use in clinical situations, and suggests a need to promote safe, inexpensive testing to determine vitamin D status in preschool children.
Molecular epidemiology reveals genetic diversity among 363 isolates of the Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii species complex in 61 Ivorian HIV‐positive patients
Authors: Kassi Fulgence K. , Drakulovski Pascal , Bellet Virginie , Krasteva Donika , Gatchitch François , Doumbia Adama , Kouakou Gisèle A. , Delaporte Eric , Reynes Jacques , Mallié Michèle , Menan Hervé I. E. , Bertout Sebastien 
Published: July 2016

SummaryCryptococcal meningitis is a severe opportunistic infection in HIV‐infected patients. In Ivory Coast, despite the availability of antiretroviral treatment (ART), this infection is still prevalent. The study investigates the genetic diversity of 363 clinical isolates of Cryptococcus from 61 Ivorian HIV‐positive patients, the occurrence of mixed infections and the in vitro antifungal susceptibility of the isolates. Serotyping was performed via LAC1 and CAP64 gene amplification. Genotyping was performed using the phage M13 core (GACA)4 and (GTG)5 primers and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the URA5 gene. By PCR fingerprinting, the presence of the three serotypes were demonstrated among the 363 isolates in the population studied: A (n=318; 87.6%), AD (n=40; 11%) and B (n=4; 1.1%). Using PCR fingerprinting with primers M13 (GACA)4 and (GTG)5, we grouped the isolates into 56 molecular subtypes. We observed a high frequency (39.3%) of mixed infections, with up to two different genotypes per sample. None of the isolates were resistant to amphotericin B. Only 0.3% and 1.1% of the isolates were resistant to fluconazole and flucytosine respectively. This study revealed the high genetic diversity among Cryptococcus isolates, the occurrence of mixed infections and a high antifungal susceptibility for the majority of Ivorian cryptococcal isolates.
Prevalence of abdominal migraine and recurrent abdominal pain in a Japanese clinic
Authors: Hikita Toshiyuki 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPrevalence of abdominal migraine (AM) and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) was evaluated in patients who visited Hikita Pediatric Clinic between May 2010 and April 2015. Patient data were collected prospectively using a questionnaire. Out of a total of 3611 cases, observed prevalence was 2.44% for repeated abdominal pain over a period of ≥3 months, 1.47% for RAP, and 0.19% for AM. Duration of abdominal pain was longer for AM than for non‐AM RAP. Certain clinical features were significantly different between AM and non‐AM RAP. No correlations were found among age at onset, frequency of attack, and duration of attack for various types of RAP. It was difficult to determine useful diagnostic criteria for distinguishing between AM and non‐AM RAP. They did not appear to be separate disease entities but, instead, lie on a disease spectrum. The present prevalence of AM (0.19%) was lower than that in many previous studies from countries other than Japan.
Role of the PKCα‐c‐Src tyrosine kinase pathway in the mediation of p120‐catenin degradation in ventilator‐induced lung injury
Authors: Zhao Tao , Zhao Hongwei , Li Gang , Zheng Shengfa , Liu Mengjie , Gu Changping , Wang Yuelan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Background and objectiveVentilator‐induced lung injury (VILI) is commonly associated with respiratory barrier dysfunction; however, the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the order and components of the signalling pathway that mediates the degradation of adherin junction of p120‐catenin in VILI.MethodsFor the in vivo study, C57BL/6 mice were pre‐treated with inhibitors for 60 min prior to 4 h of mechanical ventilation. For the in vitro study, mouse lung epithelial 12 (MLE‐12) cells were pre‐treated with inhibitors for 60 min or small interfering RNA (siRNA) for 48 h prior to cyclic stretch at 20% for 4 h. The protein levels of protein kinase Cα (PKCα), activated c‐Src and p120‐catenin were determined via western blot analysis. Lung injury was determined via HE staining, immunofluorescence, wet/dry ratio and lung injury scores.ResultsHigh tidal volume mechanical ventilation and 20% cyclic stretch resulted in the degradation of p120‐catenin. Inhibitors of PKCα blocked c‐Src kinase activation and p120‐catenin degradation in VILI. Inhibitors of c‐Src kinase or PP2 or siRNA blocked p120‐catenin degradation but not PKCα activation.ConclusionThe current findings demonstrates that PKCα and c‐Src kinase participate in VILI. PKCα activation phosphorylates c‐Src kinase and further decreases p120‐catenin in VILI.
Molecular and Statistical Analysis of Campylobacter spp. and Antimicrobial‐Resistant Campylobacter Carriage in Wildlife and Livestock from Ontario Farms
Authors: Viswanathan M. , Pearl D. L. , Taboada E. N. , Parmley E. J. , Mutschall S. , Jardine C. M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryThe objectives of this study were to (i) compare the carriage of Campylobacter and antimicrobial‐resistant Campylobacter among livestock and mammalian wildlife on Ontario farms, and (ii) investigate the potential sharing of Campylobacter subtypes between livestock and wildlife. Using data collected from a cross‐sectional study of 25 farms in 2010, we assessed associations, using mixed logistic regression models, between Campylobacter and antimicrobial‐resistant Campylobacter carriage and the following explanatory variables: animal species (beef, dairy, swine, raccoon, other), farm type (swine, beef, dairy), type of sample (livestock or wildlife) and Campylobacter species (jejuni, coli, other). Models included a random effect to account for clustering by farm where samples were collected. Samples were subtyped using a Campylobacter‐specific 40 gene comparative fingerprinting assay. A total of 92 livestock and 107 wildlife faecal samples were collected, and 72% and 27% tested positive for Campylobacter, respectively. Pooled faecal samples from livestock were significantly more likely to test positive for Campylobacter than wildlife samples. Relative to dairy cattle, pig samples were at significantly increased odds of testing positive for Campylobacter. The odds of isolating Campylobacter jejuni from beef cattle samples were significantly greater compared to dairy cattle and raccoon samples. Fifty unique subtypes of Campylobacter were identified, and only one subtype was found in both wildlife and livestock samples. Livestock Campylobacter isolates were significantly more likely to exhibit antimicrobial resistance (AMR) compared to wildlife Campylobacter isolates. Campylobacter jejuni was more likely to exhibit AMR when compared to C. coli. However, C. jejuni isolates were only resistant to tetracycline, and C. coli isolates exhibited multidrug resistance patterns. Based on differences in prevalence of Campylobacter spp. and resistant Campylobacter between livestock and wildlife samples, and the lack of similarity in molecular subtypes and AMR patterns, we concluded that the sharing of Campylobacter species between livestock and mammalian wildlife was uncommon.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Gibbs Nikki 
Published: July 2016

Applied Economics and Finance [AEF] would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether AEF publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 3, Number 3 Abbas Khandan Ali Massoud Andrey Kudryavtsev Arash Riasi Byson Beracah Dilshodjon Rakhmonov Erdal Gumus Eyup Dogan Getamesay Bekele Ian McFarlane Jin Yong Yang Jolita Vveinhardt Magdalena Zioło Marwa Biltagy Mevlut Tatliyer Mohammed Alkali Yusuf Patrycja Kowalczyk-Rólczynska Payal Chadha Ramona Orastean Ruhet Genc Steven V. Cates Szabolcs Blazsek Y. Saidi Nikki Gibbs Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of Applied Economics and Finance Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://aef.redfame.com
Electron microscopy of electromagnetic waveforms
Authors: Ryabov A. , Baum P. 
Published: July 2016

Imaging electromagnetic waveforms
Understanding the dynamics of electrons and the spatial and temporal evolution of electromagnetic fields within a material or device is often the key to optimizing performance. Ryabov and Baum show that electron microscopy can be used to measure collective carrier motion and electromagnetic fields with subcycle and subwavelength resolution. As an example, they used a train of compressed electron pulses to produce movies of the electromagnetic excitation in an optical excited metamaterial component.

Science
, this issue p.
374
Novel Picornavirus Associated with Avian Keratin Disorder in Alaskan Birds
Authors: Zylberberg Maxine , Van Hemert Caroline , Dumbacher John P. , Handel Colleen M. , Tihan Tarik , DeRisi Joseph L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Avian keratin disorder (AKD), characterized by debilitating overgrowth of the avian beak, was first documented in black-capped chickadees (
Poecile atricapillus
) in Alaska. Subsequently, similar deformities have appeared in numerous species across continents. Despite the widespread distribution of this emerging pathology, the cause of AKD remains elusive. As a result, it is unknown whether suspected cases of AKD in the afflicted species are causally linked, and the impacts of this pathology at the population and community levels are difficult to evaluate. We applied unbiased, metagenomic next-generation sequencing to search for candidate pathogens in birds affected with AKD. We identified and sequenced the complete coding region of a novel picornavirus, which we are calling poecivirus. Subsequent screening of 19 AKD-affected black-capped chickadees and 9 control individuals for the presence of poecivirus revealed that 19/19 (100%) AKD-affected individuals were positive, while only 2/9 (22%) control individuals were infected with poecivirus. Two northwestern crows (
Corvus caurinus
) and two red-breasted nuthatches (
Sitta canadensis
) with AKD-consistent pathology also tested positive for poecivirus. We suggest that poecivirus is a candidate etiological agent of AKD.

IMPORTANCE
Avian keratin disorder (AKD) is an increasingly common disease of wild birds. This disease, characterized by beak overgrowth, was first described in the late 1990s and has been spreading rapidly both geographically and in terms of host species affected. AKD decreases host fitness and can be fatal. However, the cause of the disease has remained elusive, and its impact on host populations is poorly understood. We found a novel and divergent picornavirus in 19/19 AKD-affected black-capped chickadees that we examined but in only 2/9 control cases. We also found this virus in 4 individuals of 2 other passerine species that exhibited symptoms consistent with AKD. Our data suggest that this novel picornavirus warrants further investigation as the causative agent of AKD.
The Relation among Aldosterone, Galectin-3, and Myocardial Fibrosis: A Prospective Clinical Pilot Follow-Up Study
Authors: Liao Che-Wei , Lin Yen-Tin , Wu Xue-Ming , Chang Yi-Yao , Hung Chi-Sheng , Wu Vin-Cent , Wu Kwan-Dun , Lin Yen-Hung ,   and the TAIPAI Study Group, Yi-Luwn Ho , Hung-Wei Chang , Lian-Yu Lin , Fu-Chang Hu , Kao-Lang Liu , Shuo-Meng Wang , Kuo-How Huang , Yung-Ming Chen , Chin-Chi Kuo , Shih-Chieh Chueh , Ching-Chu Lu , Fang-Chi Chang , Shih-Cheng Liao , Ruoh-Fang Yen , Wei-Chou Lin , Bor-Sen Hsieh 
Published: July 2016

Primary aldosteronism has been associated with myocardial fibrosis, and is the most common cause of secondary hypertension. We previously showed that aldosterone can induce the secretion of galectin-3. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between myocardial fibrosis and plasma galectin-3 level in patients with primary aldosteronism. We prospectively analyzed 11 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) who received adrenalectomy from December 2006 to October 2008, and 17 patients with essential hypertension as controls. Levels of plasma galectin-3 were determined in both groups, and both groups underwent echocardiography with cyclic variations of integrated backscatter (CVIBS) to characterize tissue initially and 1 year after surgery in the APA group. Diastolic blood pressure, concentration of plasma aldosterone and aldosterone-renin ratio were significantly higher, and serum potassium level and plasma renin activity significantly lower in the APA group compared to the controls. In addition, left ventricular mass index was significantly higher and CVIBS significantly lower in the APA group (7.3±2.0 vs 9.2±1.7 dB, p=0.015). Furthermore, the concentration of plasma galectin-3 was significantly higher in the APA group (2.1±0.9 vs 1.1±0.6 ng/mL, p=0.005) compared to the controls. CVIBS was correlated to plasma galectin-3 level. In the APA group, CVIBS increased significantly (7.3±2.0 to 9.2±2.4 dB, p=0.032) and plasma galectin-3 decreased (2.1±0.9 to 1.2±0.6, p=0.049) 1 year postadrenalectomy. The patients with APA had increased myocardial fibrosis, and this was associated with a higher plasma galectin-3 level. Both increased myocardial fibrosis and plasma galectin-3 level recovered at least partially after adrenalectomy. Trial registration number 200611031R; Results.
Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Breast Cancer Prognostic Characteristics: A Linkage between Nationwide Registries
Authors: Román Marta , Graff-Iversen Sidsel , Weiderpass Elisabete , Vangen Siri , Sakshaug Solveig , Hofvind Solveig , Ursin Giske 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground: The effects of use of different types of hormone therapy on breast cancer risk according to prognostic factors are largely unknown.Methods: We linked data from the Norwegian Prescription Database and the Cancer Registry of Norway during 2004 to 2009 on all women ages 45 to 79 years (N = 686,614). We estimated rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals for breast cancer in relation to hormone therapy using Poisson regression.Results: During an average 4.8 years of follow-up, 7,910 invasive breast cancers were diagnosed. Compared with nonusers of hormone therapy, users of estradiol and tibolone were more likely to be diagnosed with grade I, lymph node–negative, and estrogen receptor–positive (ER+)/progesterone receptor–positive (PR+) tumors. However, compared with nonusers, users of the most common estrogen and progestin combinations [estradiol–norethisterone acetate (NETA) preparations (Kliogest, Activelle or Trisekvens)] were at a 4- to 5-fold elevated risk of grade I tumors, 3-fold elevated risk of lymph node–negative tumors, and 3- to 4-fold elevated risk of ER+/PR+ tumors. Importantly, estradiol–NETA users were also at a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of medium differentiated (grade II) tumors and tumors with lymph node involvement.Conclusions: Use of oral estradiol, tibolone, and estradiol–NETA predominantly increases the risk of breast cancer with favorable prognosis characteristics. However, use of estradiol–NETA preparations also increases the risk of breast cancers with less favorable characteristics.Impact: The hormone therapy preparations most commonly used in the Nordic countries are associated with both breast cancers with good and less favorable prognosis characteristics. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(11); 1464–73. ©2016 AACR.
Adenosine-Induced Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Li Ning , Csepe Thomas A. , Hansen Brian J. , Sul Lidiya V. , Kalyanasundaram Anuradha , Zakharkin Stanislav O. , Zhao Jichao , Guha Avirup , Van Wagoner David R. , Kilic Ahmet , Mohler Peter J. , Janssen Paul M. L. , Biesiadecki Brandon J. , Hummel John D. , Weiss Raul , Fedorov Vadim V. 
Published: July 2016

Background:

Adenosine provokes atrial fibrillation (AF) with a higher activation frequency in right atria (RA) versus left atria (LA) in patients, but the underlying molecular and functional substrates are unclear. We tested the hypothesis that adenosine-induced AF is driven by localized reentry in RA areas with highest expression of adenosine A1 receptor and its downstream GIRK (G protein-coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channels) channels (
I
K,Ado
).

Methods:
We applied biatrial optical mapping and immunoblot mapping of various atrial regions to reveal the mechanism of adenosine-induced AF in explanted failing and nonfailing human hearts (n=37).

Results:

Optical mapping of coronary-perfused atria (n=24) revealed that adenosine perfusion (10–100 µmol/L) produced more significant shortening of action potential durations in RA (from 290±45 to 239±41 ms, 17.3±10.4%;
P
<0.01) than LA (from 307±24 to 286±23 ms, 6.7±6.6%;
P
<0.01). In 10 hearts, adenosine induced AF (317±116 s) that, when sustained (≥2 minutes), was primarily maintained by 1 to 2 localized reentrant drivers in lateral RA. Tertiapin (10–100 nmol/L), a selective GIRK channel blocker, counteracted adenosine-induced action potential duration shortening and prevented AF induction. Immunoblotting showed that the superior/middle lateral RA had significantly higher adenosine A1 receptor (2.7±1.7-fold;
P
<0.01) and GIRK4 (1.7±0.8-fold;
P
<0.05) protein expression than lateral/posterior LA.

Conclusions:
This study revealed a 3-fold RA-to-LA adenosine A1 receptor protein expression gradient in the human heart, leading to significantly greater RA versus LA repolarization sensitivity in response to adenosine. Sustained adenosine-induced AF is maintained by reentrant drivers localized in lateral RA regions with the highest adenosine A1 receptor/GIRK4 expression. Selective atrial GIRK channel blockade may effectively treat AF during conditions with increased endogenous adenosine.