bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Salts on the CO2 Reduction Product Distribution in an Aprotic Electrolyte
Authors: Burgers Iris , Wortmann Boris , Garcia Amanda C. , Deacon‐Price Connor , Pérez‐Gallent Elena , Goetheer Earl , Kortlever Ruud 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectrochemical CO2 reduction in non‐aqueous solvents is promising due to the increased CO2 solubility of organic‐based electrolytes compared to aqueous electrolytes. Here the effect of nine different salts in propylene carbonate (PC) on the CO2 reduction product distribution of polycrystalline Cu is investigated. Three different cations (tetraethylammonium (TEA), tetrabutylammonium (TBA), and tetrahexylammonium (THA)) and three different anions (chloride (Cl), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), and hexafluorophosphate (PF6)) were used. Chronoamperometry and in‐situ FTIR measurements show that the size of the cation has a crucial role in the selectivity. A more hydrophobic surface is obtained when employing a larger cation with a weaker hydration shell. This stabilizes the CO2− radical and promotes the formation of ethylene. CO2 reduction in 0.7 M THACl/PC shows the highest hydrocarbon formation. Lastly, we hypothesize that the hydrocarbon formation pathway is not through C−C coupling, as the CO solubility in PC is very high, but through the dimerization of the COH intermediate.
Sequential Release of Ibuprofen and the Gasotransmitter Hydrogen sulfide using Oxanorbornane‐Based Synthetic Lipids as Carriers
Authors: Kana Veedu Akshaya , Panthalattu Parambil Archana , Manheri Muraleedharan K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAfter understanding the biological signaling roles of hydrogen sulfide and its involvement in various physiological processes, there has been enormous interest in exploring its therapeutic utility in areas such as cancer, inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, etc. There is also growing interest in using suitable H2S donors in combination with other drugs to improve the treatment outcome through the modulation of multiple pathways. The premature release of H2S from small molecule donors and the difficulty in controlling its spatio‐temporal distribution are the major challenges during these efforts. Hence the development of appropriate carriers that can release this gasotransmitter along with the therapeutic entity of interest in a controlled manner has high significance. In this regard, this report presents a novel drug delivery system from oxanorbornane‐based synthetic lipids that carries a H2S‐releasing 1,2‐dithiole‐3‐thione moiety as part of the head group. Nanoaggregates of the resulting conjugate are not only capable of efficiently entrapping a non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug such as ibuprofen, but also release this drug and H2S in a controlled and sequential manner.
Solitary Cutaneous Mastocytoma in an Adult Diagnosed on Cytology: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Suneja Priya , Nambiar Kaniyappan , Tanveer Nadeem , Diwaker Preeti , Kumari Raushan , Gandhi Vijay 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMastocytosis is characterized by the proliferation of neoplastic mast cells in various organs, which can have either cutaneous or systemic presentation. Solitary cutaneous mastocytomas are most commonly seen in the pediatric age group but rarely present in adults. Histopathology of cutaneous mastocytoma is well described in the literature but only a few studies are available describing the cytomorphological features. We present a case of a 19‐year‐old female who presented with a 6‐month history of a right supraclavicular single, 0.5 × 0.5 cm, well‐defined, reddish‐brown round nodule. The fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) smears were highly cellular showing monomorphic cells, predominantly dispersed singly and occasionally in small clusters. The cells were round to oval, with moderate cytoplasm containing coarse metachromatic granules. Toluidine blue stain and CD117 immunocytochemical stain confirmed the presence of mast cell granules. Based on the cytomorphology, staining, clinical history, and examination, a diagnosis of solitary cutaneous mastocytoma was rendered. FNAC plays a pivotal role in diagnosing mast cell tumors and even obviates the need for tissue biopsy in selected cases.
Daidzin enhances memory and the antischizophrenia drug olanzapine's effects, possibly through the 5‐HT2A and D2 receptor interaction pathways
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Chowdhury Raihan , Bhuia Md. Shimul , Chakrabarty Brototi , Kundu Neloy , Akbor Md. Showkot , Sheikh Salehin , Chowdhury Rokibul Islam , Ansari Siddique Akber , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Islam Md. Amirul 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSchizophrenia affects identification and disturbs our thinking and motivational capacity. Long‐term use of daidzin (DZN) is evident to enhance attention and memory in experimental animals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of DZN on Swiss mice. To check animals' attention, identification, thinking, and motivational ability, we performed behavioral studies using marble burying, dust removal, and trained swimming protocols. For this, a total of 36 male Swiss albino mice were randomly divided into six groups, consisting of 6 animals in each group, as follows: control (vehicle), DZN‐1.25, DZN‐2.5, DZN‐5 mg/kg, olanzapine (OLN)‐2, and a combination of DZN‐1.25 with OLN‐2. Additionally, in silico studies are also performed to understand the possible molecular mechanisms behind this neurological effect. Findings suggest that DZN dose‐dependently and significantly (p < .05) increased marble burying and removed dust while reducing the time to reach the target point. DZN‐1.25 was found to enhance OLN's effect significantly (p < .05), possibly via agonizing its activity in animals. In silico findings suggest that DZN has strong binding affinities of ‐10.1 and ‐10.4 kcal/mol against human serotonin 2 A (5‐HT2A) and dopamine 2 (D2) receptors, respectively. Additionally, DZN exhibits favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity properties. We suppose that DZN may exert its attention‐ and memory‐enhancing abilities by interacting with 5‐HT2A and D2 receptors. It may exert a synergistic antischizophrenia‐like effect with the standard drug, OLN. Further studies are required to discover the exact molecular mechanism for this neurological function in animals.
Colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (Csf1r) expressing cell ablation in mafia (macrophage‐specific Fas‐induced apoptosis) mice alters monocyte landscape and atherosclerotic lesion characteristics
Authors: Medina Indira , Wieland Elias B , Temmerman Lieve , Otten Jeroen J.T. , Bermudez Beatriz , Bot Ilze , Rademakers Timo , Wijnands Erwin , Schurgers Leon , Mees Barend , van Berkel Theo J.C. , Goossens Pieter , Biessen Erik A.L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMacrophage infiltration and accumulation in the atherosclerotic lesion are associated with plaque progression and instability. Depletion of macrophages from the lesion might provide valuable insights into plaque stabilization processes. Therefore, we assessed the effects of systemic and local macrophage depletion on atherogenesis. To deplete monocytes/macrophages we used atherosclerosis‐susceptible Apoe−/− mice, bearing a MaFIA (macrophage‐Fas‐induced‐apoptosis) suicide construct under control of the Csf1r (CD115) promotor, where selective apoptosis of Csf1r‐expressing cells was induced in a controlled manner, by administration of a drug, AP20187. Systemic induction of apoptosis resulted in a decrease in lesion macrophages and smooth‐muscle cells. Plaque size and necrotic core size remained unaffected. Two weeks after the systemic depletion of macrophages, we observed a replenishment of the myeloid compartment. Myelopoiesis was modulated resulting in an expansion of CSF1Rlo myeloid cells in the circulation and a shift from Ly6chi monocytes toward Ly6cint and Ly6clo populations in the spleen. Local apoptosis induction led to a decrease in plaque burden and macrophage content with marginal effects on the circulating myeloid cells. Local, but not systemic depletion of Csf1r+ myeloid cells resulted in decreased plaque burden. Systemic depletion led to CSF1Rlo‐monocyte expansion in blood, possibly explaining the lack of effects on plaque development.
Antibody density on bacteria regulates C1q recruitment by monoclonal IgG but not IgM
Authors: Aymerich Nathan , Schlotheuber Luca J. , Bucheli Olivia T. M. , Portmann Kevin , Baudry Jean , Eyer Klaus 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAntibodies that trigger the complement system play a pivotal role in the immune defense against pathogenic bacteria and offer potential therapeutic avenues for combating antibiotic‐resistant bacterial infections, a rising global concern. To gain a deeper understanding of the key parameters regulating complement activation by monoclonal antibodies, we developed a novel bioassay for quantifying classical complement activation at the monoclonal antibody level, and employed this assay to characterize rare complement‐activating antibacterial antibodies on the single‐antibody level in postimmunization murine antibody repertoires. We characterized monoclonal antibodies from various antibody isotypes against specific pathogenic bacteria (Bordetella pertussis and Neisseria meningitidis) to broaden the scope of our findings. We demonstrated activation of the classical pathway by individual IgM‐ and IgG‐secreting cells, that is, monoclonal IgM and IgG2a/2b/3 subclasses. Additionally, we could observe different epitope density requirements for efficient C1q binding depending on antibody isotype, which is in agreement with previously proposed molecular mechanisms. In short, we found that antibody density most crucially regulated C1q recruitment by monoclonal IgG isotypes, but not IgM isotypes. This study provides additional insights into important parameters for classical complement initiation by monoclonal antibodies, a knowledge that might inform antibody screening and vaccination efforts.
Epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia in a patient with ATP1A3‐related neurologic disorder
Authors: Mertens Ann , Papadopoulou Maria T. , Papathanasiou Terzi Matthildi Athina , Lesca Gaëtan , Biela Mateusz , Smigiel Robert , Panagiotakaki Eleni 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report on an 11 year old Polish girl who experienced paroxysmal episodes with decreased consciousness, (hemi)plegia, movement disorders, slurred speech, dysphagia, and abnormal eye movements. An extensive etiological work‐up (brain MRI, EEG, EMG, NCS, toxic, metabolic, infectious, and auto‐immune screening) was not conclusive. A genetic analysis with whole‐exome sequencing demonstrated a de novo heterozygous mutation in the ATP1A3 gene (c.2232C>G, p.Asn744Lys). A 48 h video‐EEG monitoring that was conducted in our unit later confirmed the absence of ictal discharge during an episode of hemidystonia, demonstrating its non‐epileptic etiology. However, several discharges of generalized spike waves, which were facilitated by intermittent photic stimulation and eyelid closure were recorded, of which a few were associated with eyelid myoclonia. Taken together, these findings are characteristic of epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia. The clinical picture of this patient partially fulfills the diagnostic criteria of relapsing encephalopathy with cerebellar ataxia as well as alternating hemiplegia of childhood. It is increasingly recognized that the distinct syndromes described with ATP1A3 mutations are overlapping and could be identified in the same patients. Certain variations in ATP1A3 have been linked to an increased risk of developing generalized epilepsy syndromes. We hereby present the second case in the literature of a patient with epilepsy with eyelid myoclonia with an ATP1A3‐related neurological disorder.
Primary treatment gap among adults with epilepsy: A cross‐sectional analysis
Authors: Soboh Housam , Theitler Jacques , Gandelman‐Marton Revital 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveDespite recommendations to initiate antiseizure medication treatment once the diagnosis of epilepsy is confirmed, a certain proportion of patients with epilepsy who should receive antiseizure medication treatment remain untreated. We aimed to evaluate the rate of and the reasons for the treatment gap in patients with epilepsy who were referred to their first visit in our epilepsy clinic.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the computerized database and the medical records of all the patients with epilepsy who had their first visit in our outpatient epilepsy clinic during a 10‐year period (2012–2021).ResultsForty‐nine (6.5%) of 746 patients with epilepsy were not treated with antiseizure medications: 27 (3.6%) were nonadherent to treatment, 12 (1.6%) patients were not definitively diagnosed with epilepsy prior to their first epilepsy clinic visit, and in 10 (1.3%) patients antiseizure medication treatment was not recommended. Untreated patients had shorter epilepsy duration compared to patients treated with antiseizure medications (p = .003). At last follow‐up, 77% of the untreated patients at first visit were receiving antiseizure medications compared to 97% of the initially treated group, and fewer were receiving antiseizure medication polytherapy (p = .0001).SignificanceAlthough the rate of treatment gap was relatively low, we believe that it should be further reduced. Efforts may focus on addressing individual causes of nonadherence to antiseizure medication treatment and on promoting knowledge of diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy among healthcare professionals.
Investigations on rigid–flexible coupling multibody dynamics of 5 MW wind turbine
Authors: Xue Zhanpu , Zhou Zhiqiang , Lai Haijun , Shao Siyuan , Rao Jilai , Li Yun , He Long , Jia Zhiyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe flexible system of wind turbines refers to the components such as blades, towers, and rotor shafts that are subjected to external forces such as wind loads, inertial forces, and gravity during operation, resulting in deformation and vibration. This paper proposes that dynamic response analysis of the flexible system, through the response data, put forward improvement measures to improve the stability. The flexible dynamic response of wind turbine was analyzed. The fluid dynamics and structural dynamics of wind turbine are analyzed by the finite element method, and the flow chart is combined to get the wind turbine velocity, pressure, shear stress, and vorticity distribution nephogram. The results provide a reference value for monitoring structural state dynamics parameters of large wind turbines. Wind power generation technology is relatively mature, and its proportion in the field of power generation is gradually increasing. Wind energy is inexhaustible and can occupy a place in the development and utilization of new energy for a long time. This study provides an important reference for determining the dynamic parameters of wind turbine operation and improves the stability and reliability of wind turbine operation. The results provide a reference value for monitoring structural state dynamics parameters of large wind turbines.
Anti‐inflammatory effects of natural products from vitamin C‐rich fruits
Authors: Chan Sioi , Xiong Ping , Zhao Min , Zhang Siyuan , Zheng Rongbo , Ye Jizeng , Chan Ka Iong , Li Chuyuan , Zhong Zhangfeng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInflammation is a crucial target for therapeutic interventions in many life‐threatening diseases, which sustains ongoing interest in the field of inflammation biology. Plant‐derived natural products, rich in phytochemicals, have been used as healing agents in several diseases since antiquity. These compounds exhibit antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties, as well as gut microbiota modulation. They hold substantial potential as promising candidates for the development of novel strategies in the management of inflammation‐associated diseases. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the potential benefits given from administrating natural products (e.g., phenols, terpenes, flavonoids, and saccharides), with a particular emphasis on vitamin C‐rich fruits based on the high content of bioactive compounds with anti‐inflammatory properties. Apart from natural products, the gut microbiota acts a significant role in modulating the activation of inflammatory reaction. Deviations in its composition have been associated with various diseases. Furthermore, advancements in machine learning contribute to enhancing clinical outcomes in disease treatment. Therefore, this work provided some valuable insights in elaborating the therapeutic potential of vitamin C‐rich fruits, the role of probiotics as anti‐inflammatory agents, and the utilization of computer‐aided drug design techniques.
Hexagonal and Trigonal Quasiperiodic Tilings
Authors: Coates Sam , Koga Akihisa , Matsubara Toranosuke , Tamura Ryuji , Sharma Hem Raj , McGrath Ronan , Lifshitz Ron 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExploring nonminimal‐rank quasicrystals, which have symmetries that can be found in both periodic and aperiodic crystals, often provides new insight into the physical nature of aperiodic long‐range order in models that are easier to treat. Motivated by the prevalence of experimental systems exhibiting aperiodic long‐range order with hexagonal and trigonal symmetry, we introduce a generic two‐parameter family of 2‐dimensional quasiperiodic tilings with such symmetries. We focus on the special case of trigonal and hexagonal Fibonacci, or golden‐mean, tilings, analogous to the well studied square Fibonacci tiling. We first generate the tilings using a generalized version of de Bruijn's dual grid method. We then discuss their interpretation in terms of projections of a hypercubic lattice from six dimensional superspace. We conclude by concentrating on two of the hexagonal members of the family, and examining a few of their properties more closely, while providing a set of substitution rules for their generation.
The effect of chronic care management on diabetes‐related outcomes in interprofessional care of a medically complex patient population
Authors: Aguiniga Ashlyn , Ebert Didi , Rodriguez Emmanuel , Nguyenly Angel , Wesling Megan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroductionChronic Care Management (CCM) services encourage a team‐based approach to improve care management delivery and related patient health outcomes. However, the literature on clinical and financial sustainability from implementation of CCM services by a collaborative, interprofessional team is limited. This study focuses on evaluating diabetes‐related outcomes of an interprofessional CCM program and calculating the return on investment (ROI) of the implemented program.MethodsIn a single‐center, retrospective, pre‐/post‐intervention chart review study, adult Medicare Part B beneficiaries with type 2 diabetes (T2D) enrolled in the CCM program from February to August 2020 were evaluated using non‐parametric tests to compare clinical measures, Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) measures, and clinical staff time‐on‐task 1 year before and 1 year after the enrollment dates. A ROI analysis describes financial outcomes and viability.ResultsForty‐two patients met inclusion criteria. The statistically significant pre‐/post‐measures included reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin (A1C) (7.5% vs. 6.8%, p‐value = 0.003) and the body mass index (BMI) (34.8 vs. 34.0 kg/m2, p‐value < 0.001), and increased clinical staff involvement for pharmacist interventions (9 vs. 36, p‐value < 0.001) and social worker interventions (1 vs. 24, p‐value < 0.001). Additional trends included reductions in blood pressure and increases in patients achieving multiple HEDIS measures. ROI demonstrated that every $1 invested in the CCM program returned $1.29 to the clinic, $3.04 when accounting for A1C reduction.ConclusionIncorporation of a collaborative, interprofessional CCM program into a single‐center family medicine clinic proves to have clinical and financial benefits in a medically complex patient population with T2D. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic that emerged during the study period and a small sample size are identified as limitations to the current study. Areas of future research include interprofessional CCM program impact on comprehensive care management, health equity, and facilitation of care management transition from fee‐for‐service to value‐based care.
Optimal multi‐action treatment allocation: A two‐phase field experiment to boost immigrant naturalization
Authors: Ahrens Achim , Stampi‐Bombelli Alessandra , Kurer Selina , Hangartner Dominik 
Published: September 2024

SummaryResearch underscores the role of naturalization in enhancing immigrants' socio‐economic integration, yet application rates remain low. We estimate a policy rule for a letter‐based information campaign encouraging newly eligible immigrants in Zurich, Switzerland, to naturalize. The policy rule assigns one out of three treatment letters to each individual, based on their observed characteristics. We field the policy rule to one‐half of 1717 immigrants, while sending random treatment letters to the other half. Despite only moderate treatment effect heterogeneity, the policy tree yields a larger, albeit insignificant, increase in application rates compared with assigning the same letter to everyone.
A Model‐Based Approach Supporting Abacavir/Dolutegravir/Lamivudine Fixed‐Dose Combination Approval in Children Living with HIV‐1
Authors: Chandasana Hardik , Buchanan Ann M. , McKenna Michael , Brothers Cindy , Hyatt Stephen , Adkison Kimberly , Goyal Navin , Tan Lionel K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn March 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration expanded indications of TRIUMEQ, a once‐daily fixed‐dose combination (FDC) containing abacavir (ABC), dolutegravir (DTG), and lamivudine (3TC) to include pediatric patients weighing at least 10 kg for the treatment of HIV‐1. Prior to this extension, the ABC 600 mg/DTG 50 mg/3TC 300 mg FDC tablet was approved for use only in the adult/adolescent population, weighing ≥40 kg while each component of the FDC was approved for its use in pediatric patients at least 3 months and older. A new child‐friendly formulation was developed as an FDC dispersible tablet (DT) of ABC 60 mg/DTG 5 mg/3TC 30 mg for pediatric patients with a body weight ≥ 6 kg. The present work demonstrates the utility of applying a model‐informed drug development (MIDD) approach to expedite ABC/DTG/3TC FDC approval for pediatric patients (≥10 to <40 kg) based on data from the existing individual components and formulation bridging. Population pharmacokinetic models developed for pediatric participants across all three components of ABC/DTG/3TC FDC were employed for exposure prediction and incorporated relative bioavailability data. The predicted plasma exposures of ABC, DTG, and 3TC for FDC doses were consistent with those observed for the single entities in pediatric and adult studies. Thus, safety and efficacy observed in the individual component studies could be adequately extrapolated to the FDC that results in similar exposure. The current work demonstrates the significance of MIDD approaches in facilitating expedited access to child‐friendly formulations in the HIV‐1 therapeutic area.