bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound sclerotherapy pretreatment could obtain a similar effect to surgical intervention on improving the outcomes of in vitro fertilization for patients with hydrosalpinx
Authors: Song Xiao‐min , Jiang Hong , Zhang Wen‐xiang , Zhou Yun , Ni Feng , Wang Xue‐mei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of in vitro fertilization (IVF) for patients with hydrosalpinx between ultrasound sclerotherapy and surgical intervention.MethodsThe data of 482 IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles were divided into three groups according to different intervention protocols before IVF/ICSI. Group A included 265 cycles in which ultrasound sclerotherapy pretreatment was carried out before controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. Group B included 109 cycles in which hydrosalpinx aspiration was carried out under ultrasound guidance on the day of oocyte retrieval. Croup C included 108 cycles in which bilateral salpingectomy was carried out before IVF/ICSI.ResultsThe rates of embryo implantation, biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, multiple pregnancy, and early abortion showed no significant differences between groups A and C (P > 0.05); whereas the rates of embryo implantation, biochemical pregnancy, and clinical pregnancy in group B were significantly lower than those in groups A and C (P < 0.05), and that of early abortion in group B was significantly higher than that in groups A and C (P < 0.05).ConclusionUltrasound sclerotherapy on patients with hydrosalpinx before IVF‐embryo transfer could obtain a similar clinical outcome to surgical intervention.
Medical emergency team may reduce obstetric intensive care unit admissions
Authors: Baek Moon Seong , Son Jeongsuk , Huh Jin Won , Lim Chae‐Man , Koh Younsuck , Won Hye‐Sung , Shim Jae‐Yoon , Hong Sang‐Bum 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimSome recent studies have reported that early intervention by a medical emergency team (MET) for clinical deterioration before intensive care unit (ICU) admission was associated with a survival benefit in critically ill cancer patients. We hypothesized that early MET intervention for an obstetric crisis in the general wards would be related to favorable outcomes in critically ill obstetric patients.MethodsData of obstetric patients who were managed by a MET were collected retrospectively from 1 March 2008 to 30 April 2015. A total of 69 obstetric patients were enrolled. Among them, 48 (69.6%) were treated successfully in the general wards and 21 (30.4%) were transferred to the ICU.ResultsMajor causes of MET activation were pulmonary edema (n = 23, 33.3%), hypovolemic shock (n = 19, 27.5%), and septic shock (n = 8, 11.6%). Compared with the patients treated in the general ward, the patients transferred to the ICU had significantly higher severity of illness score. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score was the most useful for prediction of ICU admission of obstetric patients (AUC, 0.810, P < 0.001), and the ideal cut‐off was 4 (sensitivity, 81%; specificity, 60%). During the study period, in‐hospital mortality of the obstetric patients was 2.9% (2/69).ConclusionAfter MET activation many obstetric patients could be successfully treated in the general wards without mortality. Therefore, MET may reduce ICU admissions in critically ill obstetric patients.
Reconsidering the ‘Symmetry’ Between Institutionalization and Professionalization: The Case of Corporate Social Responsibility Managers
Authors: Risi David , Wickert Christopher 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe assumption of a mutually supportive, ‘symmetric’ relationship between institutionalization and professionalization is central to the institutionalist perspective on professional work. Our inductive qualitative study of corporate social responsibility (CSR) managers in multinational corporations (MNCs) prompts to rethink the validity of this assumption. We show that as the institutionalization of CSR advances and consolidates, CSR managers are pushed to the organizational periphery. This indicates that the relationship between professionalization and institutionalization can be ‘asymmetric’ under certain conditions. To advance the study of this asymmetry, we develop a conceptual framework and a set of corresponding propositions that explain why some groups are able to advance their professionalization projects, while others cannot. Our study makes three main contributions to the literature: First, we explicate under which conditions the relationship between institutionalization and professionalization is more likely asymmetric than symmetric. Second, our explanation of the shifting organizational positions of different professional groups allows for further delineating occupational from organizational professionals. Third, we contribute to the CSR literature by examining the dynamic yet ambiguous role of CSR managers as driving forces behind the implementation of CSR.
Cross‐cultural differences in self‐promotion: A study of self‐citations in management journals
Authors: Deschacht Nick , Maes Birgitt 
Published: October 2016

We study cross‐cultural differences in self‐promotion by comparing the self‐citation behaviour of scholarly authors originating from individualist and collectivist cultures, using original data on 1,346 journal articles published between 2009 and 2014 in the fields of Management and Business. Our main finding is that articles by authors from individualist cultures are about twice as likely to contain many self‐citations. Our results confirm the presence of a gender gap in self‐citations, but we show that this effect is smaller than the cultural effect and that the effect appears to be stable across cultures. These findings show that the structure of rewards and costs associated with particular self‐promotion tactics differ from culture to culture. Implications of cultural variations in self‐promotion are discussed.Practitioner points

We develop theory and provide empirical evidence about cultural and gender differences in self‐promoting behaviour.

As the workforce diversifies, a broader awareness of these differences might affect the actions of both employees and HR departments.
Gap dynamics of late successional sugar maple–yellow birch forests at their northern range limit
Authors: Després Tiphaine , Asselin Hugo , Doyon Frédérik , Drobyshev Igor , Bergeron Yves 
Published: October 2016

AbstractQuestionsWe investigated whether the gap disturbance rate (percentage area disturbed by canopy gaps per year) differed at the northern range limit of sugar maple (Acer saccharum)–yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis) forests compared to broad‐leaf temperate deciduous forests located more to the south. As an ancillary question, we assessed the relationship between species composition and gap disturbance rate at the stand scale.LocationLate successional sugar maple–yellow birch forests at their northern range limit in western Quebec, Canada.MethodsTo reconstruct past gap disturbances, we identified growth releases using the boundary line method applied to tree‐ring chronologies obtained from 0.25‐ha plots sampled within 11 late successional forest stands. We reconstructed past canopy gaps using release events, calculated historical gap disturbance rates and used redundancy analysis to evaluate the relationship between gap disturbance rate and species composition at the stand scale.ResultsThe mean gap disturbance rate across the 11 late successional stands was 0.96 ± 0.51%·yr−1. Mean gap size was 39 ± 44 m2and almost 85% of the gaps were <50 m2. Stands with smaller gaps and lower gap disturbance rates had high importance values for balsam fir (Abies balsamea) and/or yellow birch.ConclusionsThe gap disturbance rate at the northern limit of sugar maple–yellow birch forest was similar to that reported in broad‐leaf temperate deciduous forests located ca. 575–1300 km to the south. However, gaps were more numerous and smaller, which could be related to latitudinal differences in allometric traits of the dominant tree species and climate.
Maternal investment and delayed feeding in neonatal Lake Erie watersnakes: a life‐history strategy
Authors: Mack Elizabeth W. , Beck Jennifer L. , Stanford Kristin M. , King Richard B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNeonatal growth can have lasting consequences on survival and reproduction. In many taxa, larger, faster growing neonates experience higher survival, reach sexual maturity more rapidly, and achieve higher lifetime fecundity. In contrast to their closest relatives, Lake Erie watersnakes grow slower, mature later, and may delay feeding until after their first hibernation. To determine if Lake Erie watersnakes do indeed delay feeding until after their first hibernation, we compared age class 0 (between birth and first hibernation) and age class 1 (emergence from hibernation and through the first full season) snakes in the field and in the laboratory. In the field, only 0.6% of pre‐hibernation neonates were found to contain prey, while 11.9% of post‐hibernation neonates contained prey. During captive feeding experiments, the probability of eating was positively correlated with age (binary logistic regression, Wald = 25.354, P < 0.001). To clarify the underlying mechanism for delayed feeding, we compared neonatal yolk and fat reserves among species with delayed feeding (Lake Erie watersnakes, Graham's crayfish‐eating snakes), species that commence feeding immediately after birth (common gartersnakes, Dekay's brown snakes) and a species falling between these extremes (queen snakes). Like Lake Erie watersnakes, Graham's crayfish‐eating snakes contained large energy reserves (yolk + fat body mass to carcass mass ratio = 0.39 and 0.24, respectively), common gartersnakes and Dekay's brown snakes lacked measurable reserves (0.00), and queen snakes contained intermediate reserves (0.17). Taken together, this evidence suggests that neonatal Lake Erie watersnakes do delay feeding until after their first hibernation and contain large energy reserves at birth to facilitate this behavior. While most snake life‐history studies have focused on the trade‐off between offspring size and number, Lake Erie watersnake females invest large amounts of energy in offspring condition.
A major locus involved in the formation of the radial oxygen loss barrier in adventitious roots of teosinte Zea nicaraguensis is located on the short‐arm of chromosome 3
Authors: Watanabe Kohtaro , Takahashi Hirokazu , Sato Saori , Nishiuchi Shunsaku , Omori Fumie , Malik Al Imran , Colmer Timothy David , Mano Yoshiro , Nakazono Mikio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA radial oxygen loss (ROL) barrier in roots of waterlogging‐tolerant plants promotes oxygen movement via aerenchyma to the root tip, and impedes soil phytotoxin entry. The molecular mechanism and genetic regulation of ROL barrier formation are largely unknown. Zea nicaraguensis, a waterlogging‐tolerant wild relative of maize (Zea mays ssp. mays), forms a tight ROL barrier in its roots when waterlogged. We used Z. nicaraguensis chromosome segment introgression lines (ILs) in maize (inbred line Mi29) to elucidate the chromosomal region involved in regulating root ROL barrier formation. A segment of the short‐arm of chromosome 3 of Z. nicaraguensis conferred ROL barrier formation in the genetic background of maize. This chromosome segment also decreased apoplastic solute permeability across the hypodermis/exodermis. However, the IL and maize were similar for suberin staining in the hypodermis/exodermis at 40 mm and further behind the root tip. Z. nicaraguensis contained suberin in the hypodermis/exodermis at 20 mm and lignin at the epidermis. The IL with ROL barrier, however, did not contain lignin in the epidermis. Discovery of the Z. nicaraguensis chromosomal region responsible for root ROL barrier formation has improved knowledge of this trait and is an important step towards improvement of waterlogging tolerance in maize.
Substantial role for carbonic anhydrase in latitudinal variation in mesophyll conductance of Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray
Authors: Momayyezi Mina , Guy Robert D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood), net photosynthesis (An) varies with latitude and, in northern genotypes, is supported by higher stomatal conductance (gs). We report here a parallel cline in mesophyll conductance (gm) and link this variation to carbonic anhydrase (CA) activity. Using concurrent carbon isotope discrimination and chlorophyll fluorescence methods, we examined the effects of acetazolamide, an inhibitor of CA, on gm in six representative genotypes (three from either end of the north‐south cline). Acetazolamide reduced CA activity, gm, gs, chloroplast CO2 concentration (Cc) and An at normal CO2 (400 μmol mol−1), the latter being reversible at saturating CO2. Absolute reductions in An, gm and CA activity were greater in northern genotypes than in southern genotypes (P < 0.025) but percent reductions were similar. In contrast, northern genotypes showed lower percent reduction in Cc compared to southern genotypes (P < 0.025). The northern genotypes had greater CA activity relative to both leaf area (two‐fold) and mass (1.8‐fold) (P < 0.016). The relationship between CA activity and gm was similar whether the variation was inherent or inhibitor induced. We suggest that greater CA activity contributes to higher gm in northern P. trichocarpa genotypes, but other diffusion pathway components may also be involved.
Predicting stomatal responses to the environment from the optimization of photosynthetic gain and hydraulic cost
Authors: Sperry John S. , Venturas Martin D. , Anderegg William R. L. , Mencuccini Maurizio , Mackay D. Scott , Wang Yujie , Love David M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStomatal regulation presumably evolved to optimize CO2 for H2O exchange in response to changing conditions. If the optimization criterion can be readily measured or calculated, then stomatal responses can be efficiently modelled without recourse to empirical models or underlying mechanism. Previous efforts have been challenged by the lack of a transparent index for the cost of losing water. Yet it is accepted that stomata control water loss to avoid excessive loss of hydraulic conductance from cavitation and soil drying. Proximity to hydraulic failure and desiccation can represent the cost of water loss. If at any given instant, the stomatal aperture adjusts to maximize the instantaneous difference between photosynthetic gain and hydraulic cost, then a model can predict the trajectory of stomatal responses to changes in environment across time. Results of this optimization model are consistent with the widely used Ball–Berry–Leuning empirical model (r2 > 0.99) across a wide range of vapour pressure deficits and ambient CO2 concentrations for wet soil. The advantage of the optimization approach is the absence of empirical coefficients, applicability to dry as well as wet soil and prediction of plant hydraulic status along with gas exchange.
Variation in resource utilization in liver transplantation at freestanding children's hospitals
Authors: Minneman Jennifer A. , Grijalva James L. , LaQuaglia Michael J. , Kim Heung Bae , Rangel Shawn J. , Vakili Khashayar 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe sought to examine the relationship between liver transplant‐related total cost, patient outcome, and hospital resource utilization at freestanding children's hospitals. Using the PHIS database, a retrospective study of 374 patients that underwent liver transplantation at 15 freestanding children's hospitals from July 2010 to December 2012 was performed. One‐year graft failure and patient mortality rates from July 2010 to December 2012 for each center were also obtained from the SRTR. There was a 5.1‐fold difference in median cost (median $146 444, range $59 487–302 058, P<.001) between all centers. A 2.4‐fold difference existed in median LOS (median 15 days, range 9–22 days, P<.001) across centers. Median postoperative ICU stay varied from 0 to 7 days (median 4 days, P<.001). Overall, 30‐day readmission rate was 55% (31.3%–100%, P<.001). One‐year graft failure varied from 0% to 19.1%, with an overall rate of 5.5% (P=.279). One‐year patient mortality for all centers was 2.3% (range 0%–11.1%, P=.016). Higher total cost did not correlate with lower readmission rates, patient mortality, graft failure, or any other variable. These data suggest that identifying practice patterns at low‐cost centers and implementing them at higher‐cost centers may decrease the cost of pediatric liver transplantation without compromising outcomes.
The Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Activity and Antibacterial Performance of Ag/AgBr/TiO2 Immobilized on Activated Carbon
Authors: Yang Lu , Ye Fangyun , Liu Peng , Wang Fazhou 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVisible‐light‐driven Ag/AgBr/TiO2/activated carbon (AC) composite was prepared by solgel method coupled with photoreduction method. For comparison, TiO2, TiO2/AC, and Ag/AgBr/TiO2 were also synthesized. Their characteristics were analyzed by XRD, SEM‐EDS, TG‐DSC and UV–vis techniques. Photocatalytic activity and antibacterial performance under visible‐light irradiation were investigated by ICP‐AES, ATR‐FT‐IR and spectrophotometry methods using methylene blue and Escherichia coli as target systems, respectively. The results showed that Ag/AgBr was successfully deposited on anatase TiO2/AC surface, and exhibited a distinct light absorption in the visible region. Ag/AgBr/TiO2/AC displayed excellent antibacterial performance both in dark and under visible‐light illumination. The growth of E. coli cell was inhibited in the presence of Ag/AgBr/TiO2/AC in dark. Moreover, upon visible‐light illumination, a significant damage of cell membrane was noticed. Ag/AgBr/TiO2/AC was also shown higher photocatalytic efficiency for methylene blue degradation than those of TiO2, TiO2/AC, and Ag/AgBr/TiO2. This is attributed to the synergetic effect between AC and Ag/AgBr/TiO2, of which AC acts as the role of increasing reaction areas, continuous enriching, and transferring the adsorbed MB molecules to the surface of supported photocatalysts, and the Ag/AgBr/TiO2 acts as a highly active photocatalyst for degrading MB molecules under visible‐light irradiation.
Exploring the Existence of a Stayer Population with Mover–Stayer Counting Process Models: Application to Joint Damage in Psoriatic Arthritis
Authors: Yiu Sean , Farewell Vernon T. , Tom Brian D. M. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryMany psoriatic arthritis patients do not progress to permanent joint damage in any of the 28 hand joints, even under prolonged follow-up. This has led several researchers to fit models that estimate the proportion of stayers (those who do not have the propensity to experience the event of interest) and to characterize the rate of developing damaged joints in the movers (those who have the propensity to experience the event of interest). However, when fitted to the same data, the paper demonstrates that the choice of model for the movers can lead to widely varying conclusions on a stayer population, thus implying that, if interest lies in a stayer population, a single analysis should not generally be adopted. The aim of the paper is to provide greater understanding regarding estimation of a stayer population by comparing the inferences, performance and features of multiple fitted models to real and simulated data sets. The models for the movers are based on Poisson processes with patient level random effects and/or dynamic covariates, which are used to induce within-patient correlation, and observation level random effects are used to account for time varying unobserved heterogeneity. The gamma, inverse Gaussian and compound Poisson distributions are considered for the random effects.
Semi‐parametric Estimation in a Single‐index Model with Endogenous Variables
Authors: Birke Melanie , Van Bellegem Sebastien , Van Keilegom Ingrid 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe consider a semiparametric single‐index model and suppose that endogeneity is present in the explanatory variables. The presence of an instrument is assumed, that is, non‐correlated with the error term. We propose an estimator of the parametric component of the model, which is the solution of an ill‐posed inverse problem. The estimator is shown to be asymptotically normal under certain regularity conditions. A simulation study is conducted to illustrate the finite sample performance of the proposed estimator.
Subthreshold Schottky-barrier thin-film transistors with ultralow power and high intrinsic gain
Authors: Lee Sungsik , Nathan Arokia 
Published: October 2016

Almost-off transistors
Wearable devices and environmental sensors ideally should consume very little power to avoid the need for batteries that would have to be replaced. Lee and Nathan developed a thin-film transistor (TFT) from In-Ga-Zn-O thin films. To make the material less conductive, the films were fabricated to avoid oxygen vacancies. The TFT operated at ultralow power (less than 1 nW) and at switching voltages of less than 1 V with very high intrinsic gain. The devices work by changing the height of the so-called Schottky barrier formed between the semiconductor gate material and the metal drain contact.

Science
, this issue p.
302
Intrinsic and Innate Defenses of Neurons: Détente with the Herpesviruses
Authors: Enquist Lynn W. , Leib David A. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Neuroinvasive herpesviruses have evolved to efficiently infect and establish latency in neurons. The nervous system has limited capability to regenerate, so immune responses therein are carefully regulated to be nondestructive, with dependence on atypical intrinsic and innate defenses. In this article we review studies of some of these noncanonical defense pathways and how herpesvirus gene products counter them, highlighting the contributions that primary neuronal
in vitro
models have made to our understanding of this field.