bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Grasping physical exercise through recreational running and non‐representational theory: a case study from Sofia, Bulgaria
Authors: Barnfield Andrew 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo become and maintain being physically active encompasses more than purely mindful and rational decision‐making. Physical activity requires theoretical‐methodological approaches that provide more subtle understandings of the variety of contextual factors. Nettleton and Green have recently argued persuasively for the need for the sociology of public health to embrace social practices. It is also necessary to think about the spaces, affects and technologies of engagement in physical exercise. This article examines the practices of recreational runners in Sofia, the capital of Bulgaria. The article has three aims; (i) to draw attention to the promise of non‐representational theory as an additive for health research and the contextual factors of health practices, (ii) to examine recreational runner's practices and techniques of engagement in light of non‐representational theory, and (iii) to highlight how interventions in Sofia and beyond can incorporate elements of non‐representational theory into their strategies for improved public health. In drawing attention to the promise of non‐representational theory and social practices this article concludes by emphasising their importance for public health interventions in physical activity strategies.
Effects of pH and Salts on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Pea Starch Films
Authors: Choi W.S. , Patel D. , Han J.H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractTo identify the significant contribution of intermolecular hydrogen bonds of starch molecules to the film structure formation, pH of film‐forming solutions was adjusted and also various salts (NaCl, CaCl2, CaSO4, and K2SO4) were mixed into the glycerol‐plasticized pea starch film. The film made from pH 7 possessed the highest tensile strength‐at‐break (2 times) and elastic modulus (4 to 15 times) and the lowest elongation‐at‐break compared with those of the films made from acid and alkali environments. The pH 7 film also has the highest film density and the lowest total soluble matter. At the level of 0.01 to 0.1 M of CaSO4 and 0.1 M of K2SO4 in a kilogram of starch, the water solubility of the film increased, while chloride salts slightly lowered the solubility. NaCl and CaSO4 reduced water vapor permeability (WVP), while CaCl2 slightly increased WVP at 0.01 and 0.06 M concentrations, and K2SO4 significantly increased WVP at 0.03 and 0.15 M. Presence of salts increased tensile strength (5 to 14 times than the control films) and elastic modulus (35 to 180 times) of starch film at 0.01 to 0.03 M of CaSO4 and K2SO4. Elongation‐at‐break increased significantly as salt concentration increases to an optimal level. However, when the concentration exceeded above the optimal level, the E of starch films decreased and showed no significant difference from the control film. Overall, the addition of salts modified physical and mechanical properties of pea starch films more than pH adjustment without any salt addition.
Chemical Profiling Using Uplc Q‐Tof/Ms and Antioxidant Activities of Fortunella Fruits
Authors: Tan Si , Zhao Xijuan , Yang Ying , Ke Zunli , Zhou Zhiqin 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe fruits of Fortunella Swingle are widely consumed as fresh fruits and traditional medicine in China. China is the origin center and has the largest cultivated area of the genus Fortunella. In this study, the chemical compositions of ethanol extracts of the major Fortunella cultivated types including Fortunella japonica Swingle, Fortunella margarita Swingle, Fortunella crassifolia Swingle 1 (Lanshang) and Fortunella crassifolia Swingle 2 (Liuyang) were determined using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC Q‐TOF/MS) method, and their antioxidant activities were evaluated. 12 compounds were identified and 5 compounds were tentatively characterized. The results showed that the chemical compositions of the ethanol extracts of 4 Fortunella cultivated types were largely the same. 3′, 5′‐di‐C‐glucopyranosylphloretin was the predominant flavonoid in Fortunella fruits, and Fortunella margarita Swingle had higher contents of flavonoids than other species. In addition, the data demonstrated high antioxidant activities of Fortunella fruits. The developed method could be available to rapidly analyze the chemical compounds in Fortunella fruits and its products. This study will provide information for further quality assessment and utilization of Fortunella resources.
Volume changes with stereotactic body radiation therapy in early lung cancer: Time trends and outcomes
Authors: Pathak Rima S , Tibdewal Anil R , G Laskar Sarbani , Chaudhari Suresh , Agarwal Jai Prakash 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIntroductionTumour response during stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) could be heterogeneous and the pattern of response may be used as an early predictor for outcome.MethodsTwenty‐two consecutive patients with early lung cancer (ELC), treated with SBRT, were evaluated retrospectively for their gross tumour volume (GTV) changes during radiation therapy (RT). Kilo‐voltage computed tomography scans (KVCTs) were acquired before every fraction and GTV was contoured manually on a total of 152 datasets. Tumour volume changes were noted with every fraction. The overall survival (OS), locoregional recurrence free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis free survival (DMFS) were computed using the Kaplan–Meier method and comparisons were made using log‐rank test.ResultsOf the 22 patients, six had T1 tumours and 16 had T2 tumours. Median GTV was 40.6 cc (range 7.3–140.2 cc) on CT1 (KVCT at first fraction) and 33.3 cc (range 4.1–83.4 cc) on CTlast (KVCT at last fraction), suggesting a 17.9% median volume reduction at RT completion. Increase in tumour volume was noted in 18 (81.8%) patients at some point during RT. In the mid‐treatment scan, 12 (54.5%) patients had higher tumour volumes than in CT1, however, only six (27.3%) patient's GTV remained larger compared to the baseline at the end of treatment. The median follow‐up was 12.4 months. The OS, LRFS and DMFS rate at 12 and 18 months were 86.4%, 88.2%, 62% and 64.8%, 75.6% and 37.2% respectively. Tumours that regressed in volume by >17.9% (median volume reduction at RT completion) had significantly worse OS and LRFS compared to those that regressed <17.9% (P = 0.03 and 0.01 respectively).ConclusionGross tumour volume undergoes significant changes during SBRT. Early regression in tumour volume may be used as a predictor of poor LRFS and OS.
Mitochondrial phylogenomic analysis resolves the subfamily placement of enigmatic green lacewing genus Nothancyla (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)
Authors: Dai Yuting , Winterton Shaun L. , Garzón‐Orduña Ivonne J. , Liang Feiyang , Liu Xingyue 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGreen lacewings are the second most species‐rich family in the order Neuroptera, comprising ~1200 species distributed in all major biogeographic regions of the world. The extant members of this family are divided into three subfamilies, including Nothochrysinae, Apochrysinae and Chrysopinae, all of which are reasonably well defined based on adult morphological characteristics. Yet, the enigmatic monotypic genus Nothancyla Navás from southern Australia exhibits characteristics typical of both Chrysopinae and Apochrysinae and thus is difficult to place in either subfamily. In order to clarify the phylogenetic status of Nothancyla, we sequenced and annotated the nearly complete mitochondrial genomes of Nothancyla verreauxi Navás and Nothochrysa californica Banks (Nothochrysinae), supplementing previously sequenced mitochondrial genomes of Apochrysinae and Chrysopinae. Phylogenomic analyses were carried out based on the 13 mitochondrial protein coding genes, two rRNA genes and 21 tRNA genes using Bayesian and maximum likelihood methods. Our analyses confirmed the placement of Apochrysinae as sister to the rest of Chrysopidae and placed Nothancyla as sister group to the Chrysopinae genera included here but not in Apochrysinae. Based on these results, we confidently place Nothancyla in the subfamily Chrysopinae. The divergence time estimation suggested that the end of Cretaceous is a crucial period for the early diversification of the modern green lacewing subfamilies.
Structure‐Texture Decomposition of Images with Interval Gradient
Authors: Lee Hyunjoon , Jeon Junho , Kim Junho , Lee Seungyong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a novel filtering‐based method for decomposing an image into structures and textures. Unlike previous filtering algorithms, our method adaptively smooths image gradients to filter out textures from images. A new gradient operator, the interval gradient, is proposed for adaptive gradient smoothing. Using interval gradients, textures can be distinguished from structure edges and smoothly varying shadings. We also propose an effective gradient‐guided algorithm to produce high‐quality image filtering results from filtered gradients. Our method avoids gradient reversal in the filtering results and preserves sharp features better than existing filtering approaches, while retaining simplicity and highly parallel implementation. The proposed method can be utilized for various applications that require accurate structure‐texture decomposition of images.
‘Life in the age of screens’: parent perspectives on a 24‐h no screen‐time challenge
Authors: Peláez Sandra , Alexander Stephanie , Roberge Jean‐Baptiste , Henderson Melanie , Bigras Jean‐Luc , Barnett Tracie A. 
Published: May 2016

SummaryScreens have become ubiquitous in modern society. Their use frequently underlies sedentary behaviour, a well‐established determinant of obesity. As part of a family oriented clinic offering a 2‐year lifestyle program for obese children and youth, we explored parents’ experiences with a 24‐h no screen‐time challenge, an intervention designed to raise awareness of screen‐time habits and to help families develop strategies to limit their use. In total, 15 parents representing 13 families participated. A focus group with nine parents and six phone interviews with those who could not join in person were conducted. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed qualitatively. Key elements to successful completion of the 24‐h no screen‐time challenge emerged, namely: clear rules about permitted activities during the 24‐h period; togetherness, i.e. involving all family members in the challenge; and busyness, i.e. planning a full schedule in order to avoid idleness and preclude the temptation to use screens. Our findings suggest that practitioners aiming to increase awareness of screen‐time or to limit their use may be more likely to succeed if they include all family members, offer concrete alternatives to screen‐based activities and provide tailored strategies to manage discretionary time.
Protecting Human Rights Through Constitutional Adjudication ‐ Jordan as a Case Study
Authors: Nasrawin Laith K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis article aims at defining the role of constitutional courts in protecting the fundamental human rights of individuals, by relating the importance of constitutional judicial review and the established international standards related to the way it is performed. The study also provides an in‐depth analysis of the structure and working mechanism of the new constitutional court in Jordan with regard to its main functions described in the constitution of providing oversight of the constitutionality of laws and regulations in power, and interpreting provisions of the constitution. The study concludes that current statutory provisions with respect to the court proceedings and the method of undertaking its judicial work serve as safeguards that strengthen the role of the court in promoting individuals’ human rights. The study defines a vision of what is anticipated from the new constitutional court of Jordan and other courts in the field of defending human rights from the contemporary threats the world is facing, which only serve to increase fears among individuals that their basic rights are subject to serious attacks and violations.
An experimental model for studies on delayed tooth replantation and ankylosis in rabbits
Authors: Maslamani Manal , Almusawi Ala , Joseph Bobby , Gabato Severino , Andersson Lars 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAimTo develop an experimental in vivo model to study dentoalveolar ankylosis and osseous replacement resorption after delayed replantation.Materials and methodsThe maxillary right incisors of eight rabbits were extracted and replanted, while the maxillary left incisors served as controls. A special technique for extraction was used, luxating the incisor laterally prior to extraction. Extra‐oral root canal treatment was performed. In four of the eight replanted teeth, periodontal ligament was removed using gauze. All teeth were replanted after one‐hour dry storage. A horizontal line was drilled on the labial enamel surface of the incisors to enable registration of possible subsequent infraposition. The rabbits were sacrificed after 1 week or 4 weeks, respectively. Percussion test of the teeth was carried out and infraposition was registered. Histological processing and evaluation were performed.ResultsPercussion sound was normal after 1 week and high in the 4 week group; infraposition was noted in all replanted teeth in the 4‐week group. Fusion between the bone and dentin was seen in some areas on the root already after 1 week, but there was little or no osseous replacement. Larger areas of ankylosis were seen in the 4‐week group although not significant, but deeper progressive osseous replacement was noted in this group. There was no significant difference in ankylosis with regard to periodontal ligament removal or not. Pulp and periodontal tissues were normal in all control teeth.ConclusionThe rabbit tooth model may be useful for experimental in‐vivo studies on delayed replantation, subsequent ankylosis, osseous replacement and infraposition.
Chronic kidney disease‐related physical frailty and cognitive impairment: a systemic review
Authors: Shen Zhiyuan , Ruan Qingwei , Yu Zhuowei , Sun Zhongquan 
Published: May 2016

AimThe objective of this review was to assess chronic kidney disease‐related frailty and cognitive impairment, as well as their probable causes, mechanisms and the interventions.MethodsStudies from 1990 to 2015 were reviewed to evaluate the relationship between chronic kidney disease and physical frailty and cognitive impairment. Of the 1694 studies from the initial search, longitudinal studies (n = 22) with the keywords “Cognitive and CKD” and longitudinal or cross‐sectional studies (n = 5) with the keywords “Frailty and CKD” were included in final analysis.ResultsBy pooling current research, we show clear evidence for a relationship between chronic kidney disease and frailty and cognitive impairment in major studies. Vascular disease is likely an important mediator, particularly for cognitive impairment. However, non‐vascular factors also play an important role. Many of the other mechanisms that contribute to impaired cognitive function and increased frailty in CKD remain to be elucidated. In limited studies, medication therapy did not obtain the ideal effect. There are limited data on treatment strategies, but addressing the vascular disease risk factors earlier in life might decrease the subsequent burden of frailty and cognitive impairment in this population. Multidimensional interventions, which address both microvascular health and other factors, may have substantial benefits for both the cognitive impairments and physical frailty in this vulnerable population.ConclusionsChronic kidney disease is a potential cause of frailty and cognitive impairment. Vascular and non‐vascular factors are the possible causes. The mechanism of chronic kidney disease‐induced physical frailty and cognitive impairment suggests that multidimensional interventions may be effective therapeutic strategies in the early stage of chronic kidney disease. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 529–544.
Self‐reported health status as a predictor of functional decline in a community‐dwelling elderly population: Nationwide longitudinal survey in Korea
Authors: Kim Sang Hyuck , Cho Belong , Won Chang Won , Hong Young Ho , Son Ki Young 
Published: May 2016

AimAs the elderly population is increasing, the prediction and prevention of functional decline in older adults are of great concern. The present study aimed to evaluate whether poor self‐reported health status (SRHS) could predict functional decline after 2 years in the elderly population.MethodsData from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging panel, a national representative sample of aging Koreans, were used. Participants of the investigation were the elderly population aged 65 years or more without disability in carrying out activities of daily living (ADL) at baseline. The survey asked respondents about their subjective health status. Setting the respondents who stated their health status as “very good” or “good” as the reference group, multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to compare functional decline according to the baseline SRHS.ResultsA total of 2824 participants were included in the analysis. Among them, 138 (4.9 %) reported functional decline of at least one of the seven ADL components after 2 years. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, SRHS was significantly associated with subsequent functional decline in respondents who chose “Bad” (odds ratio 3.32, 95% confidence interval 1.71–6.44) or “Very bad” (OR 4.75, 95% CI 2.12–10.66). Furthermore, poorer SRHS was significantly associated with subsequent impairment in each ADL component. Also, SRHS predicted overall subsequent impairment in the instrumental ADL.ConclusionsSRHS predicted functional decline after 2 years in older adults without baseline disabilities. SRHS can be a good predictor of future functional decline in the elderly population. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 885–892.
Performance of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer in irrigation water saving and nitrogen use efficiency for waxy maize (Zea mays L.) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under solar greenhouse
Authors: Abdalhi Mohmed A. M. , Cheng Jilin , Feng Shaoyuan , Yi Gong 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAn experimental study was conducted to determine the optimum water amounts, irrigation water use efficiencies (IWUE) and irrigation water saving for waxy maize and cucumber, and the optimum nitrogen (N) quantity and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) for maize under fertigation. The different irrigation treatments were estimated using the CROPWAT model based on the Penman–Monteith method, and the different N fertigation rates were determined based on the locally recommended dose. The results showed that the vegetative growth, yield and quality traits of maize and cucumber were significantly affected by different irrigation water amounts and N fertigation rates. The water application depths of 50% and 100% of the crop evapotranspiration inside the greenhouse (ETc,in) for maize and cucumber were found to be the optimum amounts that resulted in the highest yield of 26.8 t ha−1 for maize and 37.8 t ha−1 for cucumber. The 50% and 100% ETc,in for maize and cucumber resulted in water saving of 102.9 mm and 29.0 mm, respectively. The fertigation quantity of 125% N dose was the optimum N level that obtained highest maize yield of 26.2 t ha−1, and the NUE was 7.198 t ha−1 kg−1. The vegetative growth and fruit quality reached the best at irrigation depth of 50% ETc,in and N dose of 125% for maize, and irrigation depth of 100% ETc,in for cucumber. The IWUE varied from 0.102 to 0.209 t ha−1 mm−1 for maize and 0.152–0.340 t ha−1 mm−1 for cucumber. Furthermore, the IWUE and NUE increased with the decreasing irrigation water amount and the N application dose. Findings from this research may provide technical guidance for reducing irrigation water use in agriculture in order to solve the water scarcity problem. There is water saving potential observed in this study.
New‐Onset Headache in Patients With Autoimmune Encephalitis Is Associated With anti‐NMDA‐Receptor Antibodies
Authors: Schankin Christoph J. , Kästele Fabian , Gerdes Lisa Ann , Winkler Tobias , Csanadi Endy , Högen Tobias , Pellkofer Hannah , Paulus Walter , Kümpfel Tania , Straube Andreas 
Published: May 2016

ObjectiveWe tested the hypotheses (i) that autoimmune encephalitis is associated with new‐onset headache, and (ii) that the occurrence of headache is associated with the presence of anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA)‐receptor antibodies.BackgroundAutoimmune encephalitis presents with cognitive dysfunction as well as neuro‐psychiatric symptoms. Its pathophysiology might involve antibody‐mediated dysfunction of the glutamatergic system as indicated by the presence of anti‐NMDA‐receptor antibodies in some patients.MethodsIn this cross‐sectional study, patients with autoimmune encephalitis were assessed with a standardized interview for previous headache and headache associated with autoimmune encephalitis. Headache was classified according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, second edition. Clinical and paraclinical findings were correlated with the occurrence of headache.ResultsOf 40 patients with autoimmune encephalitis, 19 did not have a history of headache. Of those, nine suffered from encephalitis‐associated headache. Seven of these nine had anti‐NMDA‐receptor antibodies in contrast to only two among the remaining 10 patients without new‐onset headache (P = .023, odds ratio: 14, 95% confidence interval: 1.5; 127). In most patients headache occurred in attacks on more than 15 days/month, was severe, and of short duration (less than 4 hours). International Headache Society criteria for migraine were met in three patients.ConclusionsNew‐onset headache is a relevant symptom in patients with autoimmune encephalitis who have no history of previous headache, especially in the subgroup with anti‐NMDA‐receptor antibodies. This indicates a thorough investigation for secondary headaches including anti‐NMDA‐R antibodies for patients with new‐onset headache and neuropsychiatric findings. Glutamatergic dysfunction might be important for the generation of head pain but may only occasionally be sufficient to trigger migraine‐like attacks in nonmigraineurs.
A strategy for implementing genomics into nursing practice informed by three behaviour change theories
Authors: Leach Verity , Tonkin Emma , Lancastle Deborah , Kirk Maggie 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGenomics is an ever increasing aspect of nursing practice, with focus being directed towards improving health. The authors present an implementation strategy for the incorporation of genomics into nursing practice within the UK, based on three behaviour change theories and the identification of individuals who are likely to provide support for change. Individuals identified as Opinion Leaders and Adopters of genomics illustrate how changes in behaviour might occur among the nursing profession. The core philosophy of the strategy is that genomic nurse Adopters and Opinion Leaders who have direct interaction with their peers in practice will be best placed to highlight the importance of genomics within the nursing role. The strategy discussed in this paper provides scope for continued nursing education and development of genomics within nursing practice on a larger scale. The recommendations might be of particular relevance for senior staff and management.