bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observations of the Breakdown of Mountain Waves Over the Andes Lidar Observatory at Cerro Pachon on 8/9 July 2012
Authors: Hecht J. H. , Fritts D. C. , Wang L. , Gelinas L. J. , Rudy R. J. , Walterscheid R. L. , Taylor M. J. , Pautet P. D. , Smith S. , Franke S. J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlthough mountain waves (MWs) are thought to be a ubiquitous feature of the wintertime southern Andes stratosphere, it was not known whether these waves propagated up to the mesopause region until Smith et al. (2009) confirmed their presence via airglow observations. The new Andes Lidar Observatory at Cerro Pachon in Chile provided the opportunity for a further study of these waves. Since MWs have near‐zero phase speed, and zero wind lines often occur in the winter upper mesosphere (80 to 100 km altitude) region due to the reversal of the zonal mean and tidal wind, MW breakdown may routinely occur at these altitudes. Here we report on very high spatial/temporal resolution observations of the initiation of MW breakdown in the mesopause region. Because the waves are nearly stationary, the breakdown process was observed over several hours; a much longer interval than has previously been observed for any gravity wave breakdown. During the breakdown process observations were made of initial horseshoe‐shaped vortices, leading to successive vortex rings, as is also commonly seen in Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of idealized and multiscale gravity wave breaking. Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability (KHI) structures were also observed to form. Comparing the structure of observed KHI with the results of existing DNS allowed an estimate of the turbulent kinematic viscosity. This viscosity was found to be around 25 m2/s, a value larger than the nominal viscosity that is used in models.
AOT Retrieval Procedure for Distributed Measurements With Low‐Cost Sun Photometers
Authors: Toledo F. , Garrido C. , Díaz M. , Rondanelli R. , Jorquera S. , Valdivieso P. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe propose a new application of inexpensive light‐emitting diode (LED)‐based Sun photometers, consisting of measuring the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) with high resolution within metropolitan scales. Previously, these instruments have been used at continental scales by the GLOBE program, but this extension is already covered by more expensive and higher‐precision instruments of the AERONET global network. For this we built an open source two‐channeled LED‐based Sun photometer based on previous developments, with improvements in the hardware, software, and modifications on the calibration procedure. Among these we highlight the use of MODTRAN to characterize the effect introduced by using LED sensors in the AOT retrieval, an open design available for the scientific community and a calibration procedure that takes advantage of a CIMEL Sun photometer located within the city, enables the intercomparison of several LED Sun photometers with a common reference. We estimated the root‐mean‐square error in the AOT retrieved by the prototypes as 0.006 at the 564 nm and 0.009 at the 408 nm. This error is way under the magnitude of the AOT daily cycle variability measured by us in our campaigns, even for distances closer than 15 km. In addition to inner city campaigns, we also show aerosol‐tracing applications by measuring AOT variations from the city of Santiago to the Andes glaciers. Measuring AOT at high spatial resolution in urban areas can improve our understanding of urban scale aerosol circulation, providing information for solar energy planning, health policies, and climatological studies, among others.
Impact of Three‐Phase Relative Permeability and Hysteresis Models on Forecasts of Storage Associated With CO2‐EOR
Authors: Jia Wei , McPherson Brian , Pan Feng , Dai Zhenxue , Moodie Nathan , Xiao Ting 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGeological CO2sequestration in conjunction with enhanced oil recovery (CO2‐EOR) includes complex multiphase flow processes compared to CO2storage in deep saline aquifers. Two of the most important factors affecting multiphase flow in CO2‐EOR are three‐phase relative permeability and associated hysteresis, both of which are difficult to measure and are usually represented by numerical interpolation models. The purpose of this study is to improve understanding of (1) the relative impacts of different three‐phase relative permeability models and hysteresis models on CO2trapping mechanisms, and (2) uncertainty associated with these two factors. Four different three‐phase relative permeability models and three hysteresis models were applied to simulations of an active CO2‐EOR site, the SACROC unit located in western Texas. To eliminate possible bias of deterministic parameters, we utilized a sequential Gaussian simulation technique to generate 50 realizations to describe heterogeneity of porosity and permeability, based on data obtained from well logs and seismic survey. Simulation results of forecasted CO2storage suggested that (1) the choice of three‐phase relative permeability model and hysteresis model led to noticeable impacts on forecasted CO2sequestration capacity; (2) impacts of three‐phase relative permeability models and hysteresis models on CO2trapping are small during the CO2‐EOR injection period, and increase during the post‐EOR CO2injection period; (3) the specific choice of hysteresis model is more important relative to the choice of three‐phase relative permeability model; and (4) using the recommended three‐phase WAG (Water‐Alternating‐Gas) hysteresis model may increase the impact of three‐phase relative permeability models and uncertainty due to heterogeneity.
Nanoformulation of Brain‐Derived Neurotrophic Factor with Target Receptor‐Triggered‐Release in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Jiang Yuhang , Fay James M. , Poon Chi‐Duen , Vinod Natasha , Zhao Yuling , Bullock Kristin , Qin Si , Manickam Devika S , Yi Xiang , Banks William A. , Kabanov Alexander V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBrain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is identified as a potent neuroprotective and neuroregenerative agent for many neurological diseases. Regrettably, its delivery to the brain is hampered by poor serum stability and rapid brain clearance. Here, a novel nanoformulation is reported composed of a biocompatible polymer, poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(l‐glutamic acid) (PEG‐PLE), that hosts the BDNF molecule in a nanoscale complex, termed here Nano‐BDNF. Upon simple mixture, Nano‐BDNF spontaneously forms uniform spherical particles with a core–shell structure. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that binding between BDNF and PEG‐PLE is mediated through electrostatic coupling as well as transient hydrogen bonding. The formation of Nano‐BDNF complex stabilizes BDNF and protects it from nonspecific binding with common proteins in the body fluid, while allowing it to associate with its receptors. Following intranasal administration, the nanoformulation improves BDNF delivery throughout the brain and displays a more preferable regional distribution pattern than the native protein. Furthermore, intranasally delivered Nano‐BDNF results in superior neuroprotective effects in the mouse brain with lipopolysaccharides‐induced inflammation, indicating promise for further evaluation of this agent for the therapy of neurologic diseases.
Light‐Harvesting Fluorescent Supramolecular Block Copolymers Based on Cyanostilbene Derivatives and Cucurbit[8]urils in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Kim Hyeong‐Ju , Nandajan Paramjyothi C. , Gierschner Johannes , Park Soo Young 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA novel system of light‐harvesting supramolecular block copolymers (SBCPs) in water is demonstrated. To realize cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8])‐based SBCPs generating artificial light‐harvesting in water, finely color‐tuned supramolecular homopolymers (SHPs) comprising CB[8] host and different cyanostilbene guests (named as B, G, Y, and R) emitting blue, green, yellow, and red fluorescence are first synthesized and characterized, respectively. Light‐harvesting SBCPs with mixed guest emitters are then simply produced by mixing blue and red‐emitting SHPs according to the dynamic host–guest exchange interaction. The light‐harvesting SBCPs show highly efficient energy transfer from B (donor D) to R (acceptor A) attributed to the D/A proximity and parallel orientation of their transition dipoles secured in the block copolymer structure. It is comprehensively shown that cyanostilbene/CB[8]‐based fluorescent SBCPs represent a novel and fascinating class of eco‐friendly artificial light‐harvesting system.
Mikroemulsionen, Micellen und funktionelle Gele: Erhaltung von Kunstwerken mit Kolloiden und weicher Materie
Authors: Chelazzi David , Giorgi Rodorico , Baglioni Piero 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDie Kolloidwissenschaft liefert grundlegende Erkenntnisse für z. B. die pharmazeutische Industrie oder die Wasch‐ und Reinigungsmittel‐, Farb‐ und Nahrungsmittelindustrie. Eine interessante Anwendung ist die Erhaltung von Kunstwerken, die wegen der komplexen Grenzflächenwechselwirkungen, die mit der Restaurierung von Artefakten verbunden sind, eine anspruchsvolle Aufgabe ist. Derzeit ist die Mehrzahl der wirksamsten und umweltverträglichsten Reinigungs‐ und Konsolidierungsmittel für Kunstwerke der weichen Materie und Kolloiden zuzuordnen. Die Entwicklung und Anwendung von immer komplexeren Systemen, von Mikroemulsionen bis zu semi‐interpenetrierenden Hydrogelen, die derartige Flüssigkeiten enthalten, werden in diesem Kurzaufsatz aufgezeigt. Diese Systeme wurden bei verschiedenen Artefakten eingesetzt: von Fresken der Renaissance bis zu Werken von Picasso und Pollock. Chemisches Design kann genutzt werden, um den Anforderungen von Konservatoren gerecht zu werden, und mit den Erkenntnissen zur Struktur und Dynamik von Kolloiden können zufällige Ansätze der herkömmlichen Konservierungspraxis überwunden werden. Außerdem werden die Perspektiven der Anwendung von Kolloiden und weicher Materie für die Erhaltung von Kulturerbe zusammengefasst.
Deuterierter molekularer Rubin mit Rekord‐Lumineszenzquantenausbeute
Authors: Wang Cui , Otto Sven , Dorn Matthias , Kreidt Elisabeth , Lebon Jakob , Sršan Laura , Di Martino‐Fumo Patrick , Gerhards Markus , Resch‐Genger Ute , Seitz Michael , Heinze Katja 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDer kürzlich publizierte Chrom(III)‐Komplex 13+ ([Cr(ddpd)2]3+) zeigt in wässriger Lösung unter Umgebungsbedingungen eine bemerkenswert starke Emission im nahen Infrarot‐Bereich mit einer Emissionswellenlänge von 775 nm. Geschicktes Ligandendesign verhindert strahlungslose Desaktivierungsprozesse wie Photosubstitution, Rück‐Intersystem‐Crossing und trigonale Verzerrungen und führt damit zu einer Phosphoreszenzlebensdauer im Bereich von Mikrosekunden. In Abwesenheit von Energieakzeptoren wie molekularem Sauerstoff verbleibt nur Energietransfer zu hochenergetischen Oszillatoren der Liganden und Lösungsmittelmoleküle wie beispielsweise OH‐ und CH‐Streckschwingungen als Desaktivierungspfad. Selektive Deuterierung der ddpd‐Liganden und der Lösungsmittel lässt die Effizienz dieser Oszillatoren bei der Desaktivierung angeregter Zustände erkennbar werden. Gezieltes Ausschalten dieser Relaxationspfade führt zu einer Quantenausbeute von 30 % und einer Lebensdauer von 2.3 Millisekunden bei Raumtemperatur in Lösung – Rekordwerte für einen Komplex, der auf dem Element Chrom basiert. Diese fundamentalen Erkenntnisse ebnen den Weg für gezieltes Ligandendesign zur Synthese lumineszierender Komplexe mit gut verfügbaren Übergangsmetallen.
Plant lignocellulose‐based feedstocks hydrogenolysis into polyols over a new efficient nickel–tungsten catalyst
Authors: Xiao Zhuqian , Xu Yidan , Fan Yu , Zhang Qiang , Mao Jianwei , Ji Jianbing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractHere, we developed a new strategy for preparation of series of in‐situ reduction bimetallic catalysts Ni‐W/SiO2 by introducing of reducing agent in the preparation process. And these catalysts were applied into the catalytic hydrogenolysis of microcrystalline cellulose and pretreated lignocellulose. The results show that the in situ reduction 15%Ni–20%W/SiO2 shows the prominent activity for microcrystalline cellulose conversion into ethylene glycol (EG), 1,2‐propylene glycol, and glycerol with the highest yield of EG at 61.30% under the experimental condition. And the relative high of EG yield (30.23%) was obtained when a combinative pretreatment technology of steam explosion (0.45 MPa) coupled with hot alkali (70 °C) was introduced to enhance the hydrogenolysis of plant lignocellulose‐based feedstocks over the in situ reduction catalyst 15%Ni–20%W/SiO2. The SEM and thermogravimetry analysis revealed that segmental lignin and hemicellulose were removed partly by hot alkali pretreatment. Meanwhile, the existence of Ni–W alloys and metal Ni particles were evidenced by X‐ray diffraction spectra. In addition, by the detailed analysis via transmission electron microscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the catalytic particle size was distributed in the range of 9.3 ± 1.3 nm.
Fabrication of an eco‐friendly antioxidant biocomposite: Zedo gum/sodium caseinate film by incorporating microalgae (Spirulina platensis)
Authors: Moghaddas Kia Ehsan , Ghasempour Zahra , Alizadeh Mohammad 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTDevelopments in the field of biodegradable packaging have led to interests in application of new natural polymers, due to their lower environmental hazards. This study was undertaken to design edible films based on Zedo gum/sodium caseinate (ZG/NaCs) with microalgae (Spirulina platensis) as an antioxidant compound. A central composite design was used to assess structural, physicochemical, barrier, and mechanical parameters of potential antioxidative edible films. Mixture of different ratios of NaCs (2%–6%), ZG (0%–1%), and microalgal biomass (0%–0.5%) was applied to fabricate samples. Films containing higher concentration of microalgae (0.5%) and ZG represented pronounced opacity and antioxidative characteristics. Lower amounts of microalgae by increasing NaCs amount, enhanced elasticity of samples. NaCs‐based films were thicker and more transparent. Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis confirmed combination of microalgae and ZG in NaCs mixture. Taken together, this study suggests a new biocomposite colored formulation, which had satisfactory characteristics for a novel edible film packaging material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46024.
Thermal and UV degradation of polypropylene with pro‐oxidant. Abiotic characterization
Authors: Arráez Francisco J. , Arnal María Luisa , Müller Alejandro J. 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe oxodegradation of an injection molding grade polypropylene (PP), formulated with 0%, 1.5%, and 3% w/w of a pro‐oxidant additive, was studied. The degradation was conducted in a weathering tester at 60 °C for 40 h. The process was monitored by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, standard differential scanning calorimetry, and successive self‐nucleation and annealing. Neat PP samples did not exhibit significant changes during the exposure time employed. PP samples with oxo‐additive presented similar changes independently of the amount of oxo‐degradative additive employed; however, the changes manifested more rapidly in the formulation with higher pro‐oxidant content. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy studies revealed the presence of hydroxyl and carbonyl functional groups whereas differential scanning calorimetry tests showed the decrease in the melting and crystallization temperatures as a consequence of the chain scission and oxidation reactions taking place during exposure. In addition, the induction time (tid) of the oxo‐degradative process was determined for each technique employed and successive self‐nucleation and annealing was found to be the most sensitive characterization technique to reveal structural modifications in PP samples. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46088.
Complexity of river ciliate communities at a national park highlights the need for microbial conservation
Authors: Quintela‐Alonso Pablo , Pérez‐Uz Blanca , Sanchez‐Jimenez Abel , Murciano Antonio , Centeno Juan D. , García‐Rodríguez Manuel , Montero Esperanza , Muñoz Benito , Olmedo Cristina , Refoyo Pablo , Velasco‐González Ismael , Martín‐Cereceda Mercedes 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Microorganisms play pivotal roles in aquatic ecosystems. Free‐living protists are the main components of the eukaryotic microbial communities at the base of freshwater ecosystems. Ciliate grazing channels a large proportion of organic matter into multicellular organisms. Surprisingly, ciliates and other microorganisms are neglected in global conservation schemes.
Interstitial ciliates were sampled in three sites of varying human pressure on the River Manzanares (La Pedriza National Park, Spain). Abundances of trophic groups and species were adjusted to a generalized linear model (GLM Poisson regression).
Ciliate communities were rich in species (74 morphotypes) and although traditional microscopy retrieved a high number of species that appeared only once or in low numbers, rarefaction analyses estimated much larger species richness. These results illustrate that rarefaction assays are a useful first step for exploring the extent of the ciliate cryptic diversity in freshwater ecosystems.
Benthic ciliate communities changed significantly, both spatially and at a short temporal scale. The fluctuating nature of the community was manifested by the presence of many ephemeral species at the same river site, revealing a complex and transient community structure. No significant short‐term changes were observed in the physical–chemical properties. Therefore, even slight differences in the abiotic variables may cause rapid shifts of ciliate species.
Overall, human pressure had an effect on the interstitial (or benthic) ciliates that resulted in a reduction of species richness and their abundance.
Chinese neurologists’ perspective on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Wang Meng‐Die , Yin Xiao‐Xv , Yang Ting‐Ting , Wang Yong , Zhu Yi‐Yi , Zhou Yan‐Feng , Lu Zu‐Xun , Hu Bo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectivesThis study examined the neurologists’ perspective toward intravenous thrombolysis for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and the influencing factors in a Chinese Province.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted from 1 October 2014 to 31 January 2015. A total of 719 neurologists from 66 hospitals in Hubei Province were included. A questionnaire was designed, and multivariable logistic regression models were used to identify the factors associated with the neurologists’ perspective toward intravenous thrombolysis.ResultsAmong the responding neurologists, 67.3% reported using intravenous thrombolysis and 32.9% believed the treatment was unsafe. Approximately 51.4% reported deficits in their knowledge of intravenous thrombolysis and 45.8% felt unconfident about their ability to employ the treatment. The majority (90.1%) supported hospitals in performing intravenous thrombolysis for eligible patients. Their safety concern was associated with hospital grade (odds ratio[OR] = 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4–3.7) and previous experiences with thrombolysis (OR = 3.1; 95% CI, 2.1–4.6). Their confidence was associated with their educational background (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.3–4.5), knowledge mastery (OR = 10.4; 95% CI, 6.6–16.3), and previous experiences with thrombolysis (OR = 3.3; 95% CI, 2.1–5.3). Their attitudes were associated with gender (OR = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3–1.0) and previous experiences with thrombolysis (OR = 4.9; 95% CI, 2.5–9.4).ConclusionsMost neurologists in Hubei Province, China, identified with intravenous thrombolysis for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. However, they were weak in knowledge and lack confidence. Therefore, training, especially practical training, is needed to promote the use of thrombolysis in the region.
Definite stent thrombosis after drug‐eluting stent implantation in coronary bifurcation lesions: A meta‐analysis of 3,107 patients from 14 randomized trials
Authors: Zhou Yu , Chen Shengda , Huang Lan , Hildick‐Smith David , Ferenc Miroslaw , Jabbour Richard J. , Azzalini Lorenzo , Colombo Antonio , Chieffo Alaide , Zhao Xiaohui 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundBifurcation percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is a challenging procedure, but there are currently inadequate data about definite stent thrombosis (ST) rates of single‐stent versus double‐stent strategies (SS and DS, respectively).Methods and resultsRandomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing SS and DS strategies were searched through PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Fourteen RCTs involving 3,107 patients were analyzed. Owing to the high crossover rate (16.49%), both intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and as‐treated (AT) analyses were performed. In the ITT population, there was a significantly lower rate of early definite ST in the SS group (0.26%; DS group 1.14%; P = 0.021). Similarly, in the AT population, there was a significantly lower rate of early definite ST in the SS group (0.23%, DS group 1.07%; P = 0.042). True bifurcation subgroup analysis also showed a significantly lower early definite ST in the SS group (OR = 0.36, 95% CI = 0.15–0.86, P = 0.042) in the ITT population. There was no significant difference of overall, acute, subacute, and late definite ST between the 2 groups.ConclusionsEarly definite ST is reduced when a SS strategy is used in bifurcation lesions.
Facile Synthesis of Magnetic Hierarchical Core–Shell Structured Fe3O4@PDA‐Pd@MOF Nanocomposites: Highly Integrated Multifunctional Catalysts
Authors: Ma Rong , Yang Pengbo , Ma Yao , Bian Fengling 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA magnetic hierarchical core–shell structured Fe3O4@PDA‐Pd@[Cu3(btc)2] nanocomposite has been fabricated via a facile layer‐by‐layer assembly method. It contains a core of polydopamine (PDA)‐modified magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs), a transition layer of Pd NPs, and a porous outer shell of copper‐based metal–organic framework (MOF) with controllable thickness. This novel nanocomposite was characterized by TEM, FTIR, XRD, XPS, N2 adsorption–desorption isotherms, and VSM. The prepared Fe3O4@PDA‐Pd@[Cu3(btc)2] (n=5) nanocomposite shows ultrahigh catalytic activity for the 4‐nitrophenol reduction and Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reactions of aryl halides (Br, Cl) with arylboronic acids. Moreover, the nanocomposite also can be easily separated by an external magnet and reused at least 8 runs with excellent yields for both the reactions. The catalyst has outstanding catalytic performance, mainly because the integration of [Cu3(btc)2] with Fe3O4@PDA‐Pd that combines the advantages of each component could exhibit a synergistic effect in the catalytic system.
From a Metastable Layer to a Stable Ring: A Kinetic Study for Transformation Reactions of Li2Mo3TeO12 to Polyoxometalates
Authors: Oh Seung‐Jin , Lim Seong‐Ji , You Tae‐Soo , Ok Kang Min 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA metastable tellurite, Li2Mo3TeO12, revealing a corrugated layered structure in an extremely strained coordination environment was hydrothermally synthesized in high yield. Li2Mo3TeO12 undergoes Li+‐exchange‐driven facile structural transformation reactions to polyoxometalates. The kinetic data for the transformation reactions at various conditions were successfully obtained by simple lab‐source powder X‐ray diffraction. The investigation suggests that the solid‐state transformation reactions may occur through a series of steps; substitution, decomposition, recombination, and precipitation. This new finding could be utilized in discovering functional metastable materials as well as understanding their phase transition mechanisms.