bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of interspecific competition on trait variation in Phaeobacter inhibens biofilms
Authors: Lutz Carla , Thomas Torsten , Steinberg Peter , Kjelleberg Staffan , Egan Suhelen 
Published: February 2016

SummaryInterspecific competition between bacteria shapes community dynamics, causing evolutionary changes that affect life history traits. Here, we studied the role of interspecific competition on the generation of trait diversity using a two‐species model system of marine, surface‐associated bacteria. Bacterial biofilms of Phaeobacter inhibens were established alone or in competition with Pseudoalteromonas tunicata and phenotypic traits of dispersal cells were assessed during biofilm development. P. inhibens dispersal isolates from competition biofilms displayed less phenotypic variation, were superior competitors, were less susceptible to predation, and reached higher planktonic biomass than isolates from noncompetition biofilms. Moreover, the maintenance of competitive ability exhibited by individual dispersal isolates from competition biofilms did not result in an obvious reduction (measured as a negative trait correlation) in other traits, but was rather positively correlated with planktonic growth. However, where negative correlations between traits were found, they were exhibited by individuals derived from noncompetitive biofilms, whose populations also had a higher degree of trait variation than those from biofilms experiencing competition. Our observations indicate that interspecific competition during biofilm formation is important for maintaining both competitive ability and affects variation in ecologically relevant traits. Given that most bacteria in biofilms exist in diverse, multispecies communities, an understanding of how bacteria respond to biotic factors such as interspecific competition is critical for understanding the dynamics of bacterial populations in both ecological and evolutionary time.
A Retrospective Demographic and Clinicopathologic Review of Deaths Resulting from Minefield Explosions During Migrants’ Attempts to Enter Greece from Turkey Between 1997 and 2008
Authors: Pavlidis Pavlos , Karakasi Valeria 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUntil 2008, the easternmost land borders of the European Union (Greek‐Turkish land zone) were planted with minefields spanning 11 km. Therefore, numerous fatalities occurred in peacetime as migrants attempted to avoid Greek border checks. Numerous fatal incidents (51) were detected inside the Greek minefields between 1997 and 2008. Determination of age, sex, time of death, and nationality were evaluated in every case. The injuries’ anatomical dispersion, their severity, and the mechanism of death were examined in relation to the victims’ position at the moment of the explosion. Data research indicated that all victims were male, aged 18–30 in their majority, crossing border minefields mainly during the night. Their distance and position in relation to the point of detonation was a key factor in the trauma localization and severity. This review highlights the devastating consequences of the residual mines during peacetime, a situation that continues to be a persistent international problem.
Inflammatory bowel diseases and Takayasu's arteritis: coincidence or association?
Authors: Kilic Levent , Kalyoncu Umut , Karadag Omer , Akdogan Ali , Dogan Ismail , Bilgen Sule Apras , Kiraz Sedat , Ertenli Ihsan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundTakayasu's arteritis (TA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are rare diseases but there are case reports presenting their co‐existence in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the relation between IBD and TA.MethodsWe studied 52 consecutive TA patients (90.3% female); medical records of the patients were analyzed retrospectively and serum samples were taken during the control visits for anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) and anti‐saccharomyces antibody (ASCA) tests.ResultsOverall three (5.8%) of 52 patients had both IBD and TA. All were first diagnosed as IBD and the period between the diagnosis of IBD and TA was 9, 30 and 60 months, respectively. The age at diagnosis of TA was younger for the patients with IBD as compared to TA patients without IBD, but the difference was not statistically significant. Two patients had type‐5 and one had type‐2a TA. In 92 participants (52 with TA and 40 healthy controls) none had positive results for ANCA or ASCA.ConclusionAnti‐saccharomyces antibody and ANCA tests are not useful for predicting the association between TA and IBD. On the other hand, both diseases have similar patient characteristics and pathophysiology which make us suspect that there may be an interaction. If a patient with IBD under immunosuppressive treatment has ongoing symptoms such as fever, weight loss, hypertension or high acute phase reactants, TA may be the cause. Further trials are needed but their coexistence cannot be explained as incidental.
False‐negative Interpretations of Cranial Computed Tomography in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Mark Dustin G. , Sonne D. Christian , Jun Peter , Schwartz David T. , Kene Mamata V. , Vinson David R. , Ballard Dustin W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesPrior studies examining the sensitivity of cranial computed tomography (CT) for the detection of subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have used the final radiology report as the reference standard. However, optimal sensitivity may have been underestimated due to misinterpretation of reportedly normal cranial CTs. This study aims to estimate the incidence of missed CT evidence of SAH among a cohort of patients with aneurysmal SAH (aSAH).MethodsWe performed a retrospective chart review of emergency department (ED) encounters within an integrated health delivery system between January 2007 and June 2013 to identify patients diagnosed with aSAH. All initial noncontrast CTs from aSAH cases diagnosed by lumbar puncture (LP) and angiography following a reportedly normal noncontrast cranial CT (CT‐negative aSAH) were then reviewed in a blinded, independent fashion by two board‐certified neuroradiologists to assess for missed evidence of SAH. Reviewers rated the CT studies as having definite evidence of SAH, probable evidence of SAH, or no evidence of SAH. Control patients who underwent a negative evaluation for aSAH based on cranial CT and LP results were also included at random in the imaging review cohort.ResultsA total of 452 cases of aSAH were identified; 18 (4%) were cases of CT‐negative aSAH. Of these, seven (39%) underwent cranial CT within 6 hours of headache onset, and two (11%) had their initial CTs formally interpreted by board‐certified neuroradiologists. Blinded independent CT review revealed concordant agreement for either definite or probable evidence of SAH in nine of 18 (50%) cases overall and in five of the seven (71%) CTs performed within 6 hours of headache onset. Inter‐rater agreement was 83% for definite SAH and 72% for either probable or definite SAH.ConclusionsCT evidence of SAH was frequently present but unrecognized according to the final radiology report in cases of presumed CT‐negative aSAH. This finding may help explain some of the discordance between prior studies examining the sensitivity of cranial CT for SAH.
Helminths are positively associated with atopy and wheeze in Ugandan fishing communities: results from a cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Webb E. L. , Nampijja M. , Kaweesa J. , Kizindo R. , Namutebi M. , Nakazibwe E. , Oduru G. , Kabubi P. , Kabagenyi J. , Nkurunungi G. , Kizito D. , Muhangi L. , Akello M. , Verweij J. J. , Nerima B. , Tukahebwa E. , Elliott A. M. ,   the LaVIISWA trial team
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundParasitic helminths are potent immunomodulators and chronic infections may protect against allergy‐related disease and atopy. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey to test the hypothesis that in heavily helminth‐exposed fishing villages on Lake Victoria, Uganda, helminth infections would be inversely associated with allergy‐related conditions.MethodsA household survey was conducted as baseline to an anthelminthic intervention trial. Outcomes were reported wheeze in last year, atopy assessed both by skin prick test (SPT) and by the measurement of allergen‐specific IgE to dust mites and cockroach in plasma. Helminth infections were ascertained by stool, urine and haemoparasitology. Associations were examined using multivariable regression.ResultsTwo thousand three hundred and sixteen individuals were surveyed. Prevalence of reported wheeze was 2% in under‐fives and 5% in participants ≥5 years; 19% had a positive SPT; median Dermatophagoides‐specific IgE and cockroach‐specific IgE were 1440 and 220 ng/ml, respectively. S. mansoni, N. americanus, S. stercoralis, T. trichiura, M. perstans and A. lumbricoides prevalence was estimated as 51%, 22%, 12%, 10%, 2% and 1%, respectively. S. mansoni was positively associated with Dermatophagoides‐specific IgE [adjusted geometric mean ratio (aGMR) (95% confidence interval) 1.64 (1.23, 2.18)]; T. trichiura with SPT [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.08 (1.38, 3.15)]; M. perstans with cockroach‐specific IgE [aGMR 2.37 (1.39, 4.06)], A. lumbricoides with wheeze in participants ≥5 years [aOR 6.36 (1.10, 36.63)] and with Dermatophagoides‐specific IgE [aGMR 2.34 (1.11, 4.95)]. No inverse associations were observed.ConclusionsContrary to our hypothesis, we found little evidence of an inverse relationship between helminths and allergy‐related outcomes, but strong evidence that individuals with certain helminths were more prone to atopy in this setting.
Myricetin Selectively Induces Apoptosis on Cancerous Hepatocytes by Directly Targeting Their Mitochondria
Authors: Seydi Enayatollah , Rasekh Hamid Reza , Salimi Ahmad , Mohsenifar Zhaleh , Pourahmad Jalal 
Published: February 2016

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer‐related death. In patients for whom HCC could not be detected early, current treatments show poor tolerance and low efficacy. So, alternative therapies with good efficacy are urgently needed. The aim of this research was to evaluate the selective apoptotic effects of myricetin (MYR), a flavonoid compound, on hepatocytes and mitochondria obtained from the liver of HCC rats. In this study, HCC induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), as an initiator, and 2‐acetylaminofluorene (2‐AAF), as a promoter. To confirm the HCC induction, serum levels of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), AST, AST and ALP and histopathological changes in the liver tissue were evaluated. Rat liver hepatocytes and mitochondria for evaluation of the selective cytotoxic effects of MYR were isolated, and mitochondrial and cellular parameters related to apoptosis signalling were then determined. Our results showed that MYR was able to induce cytotoxicity only in hepatocytes from the HCC but not from the untreated control group. Besides, MYR (12.5, 25 and 50 μM) induced a considerable increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, mitochondrial swelling, mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) and cytochrome c release only in cancerous but not in untreated normal hepatocyte mitochondria. MYR selectively increased caspase‐3 activation and apoptotic phenotypes in HCC, but not untreated normal hepatocytes. Finally, our finding underlines MYR as a promising therapeutic candidate against HCC and recommends the compound for further studies.
Factors predicting progression to castrate‐resistant prostate cancer in patients with advanced prostate cancer receiving long‐term androgen‐deprivation therapy
Authors: de la Taille Alexandre , Martínez‐Piñeiro Luis , Cabri Patrick , Houchard Aude , Schalken Jack ,   the Triptocare LT Study Group
Published: February 2016

ObjectivesTo assess time to progression to castrate‐resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and factors influencing longer‐term outcomes in patients receiving androgen‐deprivation therapy (ADT) in an extension to the Triptocare study (NCT01020448). This is pertinent as the Triptocare study did not show that urinary prostate cancer antigen‐3 (PCA3) score was a reliable marker of cancer stage in advanced prostate cancer and was not useful for assessing response 6 months after initiation of ADT with triptorelin 22.5 mg.Patients and MethodsAn international, multicentre, non‐interventional, observational, longitudinal, prospective study involving patients from the Triptocare study. CRPC status of patients was collected for up to 3 years from ADT initiation. Patient treatment and assessments were at the investigator's discretion. Co‐primary endpoints were rate of CRPC at 3 years after initiating ADT and the median time to CRPC. An exploratory endpoint was the association of Triptocare baseline variables (including TMPRSS2‐ERG and PCA3 scores) and PCA3 score at Triptocare last value available with CRPC onset.ResultsOf the 325 patients in the Triptocare study safety population, 180 patients were enrolled in the Triptocare LT study (102 received continuous and 78 received intermittent ADT). CRPC rates at 3 years were 24/102 (23.5%) and 6/78 (7.7%) patients in the continuous and intermittent ADT groups, respectively. The median time to CRPC was not reached for either group. PCA3 score status at baseline was the only variable associated with a higher risk of progression to CRPC in both the intermittent and continuous ADT groups; compared with a baseline PCA3 score of ≥35, a PCA3 score below the level of quantification had a hazard ratio (HR) of 20.04 ([95% confidence interval (CI) 2.71–148.34] and a HR of 9.44 [95% CI 2.39–37.27], respectively). Baseline metastatic disease and testosterone level were additionally associated with progression to CRPC in the continuous ADT population (HR 5.20, 95% CI 1.68–16.06 and HR 0.995, 95% CI 0.991–0.999, respectively).ConclusionIn men with locally advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, a PCA3 score of ≥35 at the time of initiating ADT may predict a lower risk of developing CRPC in the following 3 years.
Evidence of central Alpine glacier advances during the Younger Dryas–early Holocene transition period
Authors: Moran Andrew P. , Ivy‐Ochs Susan , Schuh Michael , Christl Markus , Kerschner Hanns 
Published: February 2016

The transition phase from Lateglacial to Holocene climate conditions was accompanied by a pronounced reorganization of climate patterns in the Northern Hemisphere. Evidence of Alpine palaeoglaciers provides a basis for understanding climate downturns during a time of generally warming conditions. In this context a series of well‐preserved and previously undated moraines were investigated in the small Falgin cirque located in the central Alpine Langtaufers Valley (South Tyrol, Italy) and in the neighbouring Hinteres Bergle cirque of the Radurschl Valley (North Tyrol, Austria). Both localities are situated in the driest area of the eastern Alps. They lie well above prominent moraines associated with the Younger Dryas (YD) cold phase and represent the first moraines below Little Ice Age (LIA) positions. The corresponding equilibrium line altitude of the palaeoglaciers in both cirques was 100–120 m lower than during the LIA. Surface exposure dating (10Be) of the inner Falgin moraines shows a mean stabilization age of 11.2±0.9 ka, which is similar to the deglaciation age of 10.9±0.8 ka for the Hinteres Bergle cirque. The ages indicate glacier activity most likely during the earliest Holocene or the YD/Holocene transition. These findings point to a climate with mean summer temperatures about 1.5 °C lower than during the 20th century in the Alps.
Expression of Aquaporin 1 and Aquaporin 4 in the Temporal Neocortex of Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Hoshi Akihiko , Tsunoda Ayako , Tada Mari , Nishizawa Masatoyo , Ugawa Yoshikazu , Kakita Akiyoshi 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe astrocytic water channel proteins aquaporin 1 (AQP1) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) are known to be altered in brains affected by several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. However, AQP expression in brains affected by Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been described in detail. Recently, it has been reported that α‐synuclein (α‐syn)‐immunolabeled astrocytes show preferential distribution in several cerebral regions, including the neocortex, in patients with PD. Here, we investigated whether AQP expression is associated with α‐syn deposition in the temporal neocortex of PD patients. In accordance with the consensus criteria for dementia with Lewy bodies, the patients were classified into neocortical (PDneo), limbic (PDlim), and brain stem (PDbs) groups. Expressions of α‐syn, AQP1, and AQP4 in the temporal lobes of the individual PD patients were examined immunohistochemically. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated more numerous AQP4‐positive and AQP1‐positive astrocytes in the PDneo group than in the PDbs, PDlim, and control groups. However, in the PDneo cases, these astrocytes were not often observed in α‐syn‐rich areas, and semiquantitative analysis revealed that there was a significant negative correlation between the levels of AQP4 and α‐syn in layers V–VI, and between those of AQP1 and α‐syn in layers II–III. These findings suggest that a defined population of AQP4‐ and AQP1‐expressing reactive astrocytes may modify α‐syn deposition in the neocortex of patients with PD.
Peer violence in foster care: a review of the research evidence
Authors: Lutman Eleanor , Barter Christine 
Published: February 2016

AbstractWhilst a small amount of research has been undertaken on peer violence in residential settings, very little is known about peer violence in foster care. This paper reviews the published research since 1995 about the nature and extent of peer violence in foster care and interventions for preventing and managing these negative peer interactions. The evidence indicates that young people in foster care can be the instigators and recipients of peer violence, but the limited number of studies found means that conclusions cannot be drawn about the extent of the problem. There is some evidence about the impact of this type of violence on young people and fostering households. However, there remain gaps in the evidence about the full extent of all forms of exploitation and violence that are experienced and instigated by young people in foster care, the circumstances in which it takes place, the young people affected and its co‐occurrence with other difficulties. Critically, young people's views were largely absent from included studies, an important area that requires further research.
Influence of the implant diameter and bone quality on the primary stability of porous tantalum trabecular metal dental implants: an in vitro biomechanical study
Authors: Romanos Georgios E. , Delgado‐Ruiz Rafael Arcesio , Sacks Danielle , Calvo‐Guirado Josè Luis 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to evaluate the primary, initial stability of Porous Tantalum Trabecular Metal™ implants (TM) compared with Tapered Screw Vent® implants (TSV) with different diameters, inserted in two bone densities.MethodsA total of 160 implants (80 TM and 80 TSV) with narrow (3.7 mm) and conventional (4.1 mm) diameters and the same length (10 mm) were placed in artificial bone blocks representing bone qualities II and IV. The implant stability was evaluated by insertion torque (IT) and Resonance Frequency Analysis. Statistical analysis was performed with non‐parametric Kruskal–Wallis test with Dunn post‐test for the differences between groups.ResultsThe results showed higher ISQ values in dense bone compared with soft bone for all the groups (P < 0.05). Conventional‐diameter implants (TSV and TM) showed higher ISQ and IT values compared with narrow implants (TSV and TM) in dense and soft bone (P < 0.05). Tapered TSV implants showed higher stability in soft bone compared with TM implants (P < 0.05). In dense bone, differences were not observed between narrow TSV 3.7 mm and TM 3.7 mm implants (P > 0.05).ConclusionsWithin the limitations of this study, it can be concluded:

In dense bone blocks, the wider diameter implants are more stable than narrow implants.
In soft bone blocks, the tapered TSV implants are more stable than TM implants.
Robot‐assisted vs laparoscopic ventral rectopexy for external or internal rectal prolapse and enterocele: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Mäkelä‐Kaikkonen J. , Rautio T. , Pääkkö E. , Biancari F. , Ohtonen P. , Mäkelä J. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAimThe purpose of this prospective randomized study was to compare robot‐assisted and laparoscopic ventral rectopexy procedures for posterior compartment procidentia in terms of restoration of the anatomy using magnetic resonance (MR) defaecography.MethodSixteen female patients (four with total prolapse, twelve with intussusception) underwent robot‐assisted ventral mesh rectopexy (RVMR) and 14 female patients (two with prolapse, twelve with intussusception) laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy (LVMR). Primary outcome measures were perioperative parameters, complications and restoration of anatomy as assessed by MR defaecography, which was performed preoperatively and 3 months after surgery.ResultsPatient demographics, operation length, operating theatre times and length of in‐hospital stay were similar between the groups. The anatomical defects of rectal prolapse, intussusception and rectocele and enterocele were similarly corrected after rectopexy in either technique as confirmed with dynamic MR defaecography. A slight residual intussusception was observed in three patients with primary total prolapse (two RVMR vs one LVMR) and in one patient with primary intussusception (RVMR) (P = 0.60). Rectocele was reduced from a mean of 33.0 ± 14.9 mm to 5.5 ± 8.4 mm after RVMR (P < 0.001) and from 24.7 ± 17.5 mm to 7.2 ± 3.2 mm after LVMR (P < 0.001) (RVMR vs LVMR, P = 0.10).ConclusionRobot‐assisted laparoscopic ventral rectopexy can be performed safely and within the same operative time as conventional laparoscopy. Minimally invasive ventral rectopexy allows good anatomical correction as assessed by MR defaecography, with no differences between the techniques.
A comparison of dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, air displacement plethysmography and A‐mode ultrasound to assess body composition in college‐age adults
Authors: Johnson Kelly E. , Miller Brian , Gibson Ann L. , McLain Trisha A. , Juvancic‐Heltzel Judith A. , Kappler Rachele M. , Otterstetter Ronald 
Published: February 2016

SummaryBackgroundThere is currently a dearth of scientific literature exploring the agreement of A‐mode ultrasound (US) body composition analysis with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) and air displacement plethysmography (ADP). Objective: To investigate the agreement of US with DXA and ADP for estimating fat mass (FM) and fat‐free mass (FFM).MethodsCollege‐age men (n = 33) and women (n = 41) volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were instructed to adhere to the following pretest protocol: refrain from food and drink 12 h prior to testing and wear tight fitting clothing. Body composition (BCA) was assessed using US, DXA and ADP in accordance with the respective manufacturer's guidelines. Two‐way mixed‐model AVOVA and Bland and Altman techniques were applied to explore agreement for FM and FFM among the three methods: US, ADP and DXA and by sex.ResultsThere was no statistically significant effect by sex for either FM or FFM across all BCA comparisons (P = 0·504 and 0·510, respectively). US was not statistically different from ADP for FM and FFM (P ≈ 1·00). However, for FM and FFM, there were significant differences between DXA and both US and ADP (P≤0·001). The Bland and Altman analyses revealed large individual differences for all BCA.ConclusionThere was statistical agreement between US and ADP for FM and FFM but lack of agreement for US and ADP when compared to DXA. However, the large limits of agreement between methods warrant caution in generalizing these findings.