bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metastatic efficiency of tumour cells can be impaired by intraoperative cell salvage process: truth or conjecture?
Authors: Kumar N. , Zaw A. S. , Kantharajanna S. B. , Khoo B. L. , Lim C. T. , Thiery J. P. 
Published: August 2017

SUMMARYThe use of salvaged blood in oncological surgery has been a matter of controversy over the years. This is due to the concern of systemic dissemination of reinfused tumour cells. Recent literature, across disciplines, has shed considerable light on its safety in terms of tumour recurrence, progression and overall survival rates. This clinical safety demonstrates the apparent metastatic inefficiency of reinfused tumour cells. The proof of this concept comes from various studies that have shown that salvaged blood has no tumour cells, or has a significantly lower count as compared to the patient's original circulatory tumour load. Recently, we took a step further and found that the tumour cells in the salvaged blood lose the capacity to replicate. In this review, we revisited the safety of salvaged blood from the point of view of metastatic potential. We have presented basic and applied science evidence regarding the innocuous nature of tumour cells that have been subjected to the cell salvage process. The understanding of the metastatic efficiency or the lack of it in tumour cells subjected to salvage process is key to allay the concerns conventionally associated with the use of salvaged blood in tumour surgery. Based on the available literature, we surmise that the prevalent apprehensions on the usage of salvaged blood are ill‐founded and further substantiate why tumour cells in the salvaged blood could be regarded as cells with non‐metastatic potential.
The
Toxoplasma
Centrocone Houses Cell Cycle Regulatory Factors
Authors: Naumov Anatoli , Kratzer Stella , Ting Li-Min , Kim Kami , Suvorova Elena S. , White Michael W. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

Our knowledge of cell cycle regulatory mechanisms in apicomplexan parasites is very limited. In this study, we describe a novel
Toxoplasma gondii
factor that has a vital role in chromosome replication and the regulation of cytoplasmic and nuclear mitotic structures, and we named this factor ECR1 for essential for chromosome replication 1. ECR1 was discovered by complementation of a temperature-sensitive (ts) mutant that suffers lethal, uncontrolled chromosome replication at 40°C similar to a ts mutant carrying a defect in topoisomerase. ECR1 is a 52-kDa protein containing divergent RING and TRAF-Sina-like zinc binding domains that are dynamically expressed in the tachyzoite cell cycle. ECR1 first appears in the unique spindle compartment of the
Apicomplexa
(centrocone) of the nuclear envelope in early S phase and then in the nucleus in late S phase where it reaches maximum expression. Following nuclear division, but before daughter parasites separate from the mother parasite, ECR1 is downregulated and is absent in new daughter parasites. The proteomics of ECR1 identified interactions with the ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation machinery and the minichromosome maintenance complex, and the loss of ECR1 led to increased stability of a key member of this complex, MCM2. ECR1 also forms a stable complex with the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)-related kinase,
T
.
gondii
Crk5 (TgCrk5), which displays a similar cell cycle expression and localization during tachyzoite replication. Importantly, the localization of ECR1/TgCrk5 in the centrocone indicates that this
Apicomplexa
-specific spindle compartment houses important regulatory factors that control the parasite cell cycle.

IMPORTANCE
Parasites of the apicomplexan family are important causes of human disease, including malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis. Parasite growth is the underlying cause of pathogenesis, yet despite this importance, the molecular basis for parasite replication is poorly understood. Filling this knowledge gap cannot be accomplished by mining recent whole-genome sequencing data because apicomplexan cell cycles differ substantially and lack many of the key regulatory factors of well-studied yeast and mammalian cell division models. We have utilized forward genetics to discover essential factors that regulate cell division in these parasites using the
Toxoplasma gondii
model. An example of this approach is described here with the discovery of a putative E3 ligase/protein kinase mechanism involved in regulating chromosome replication and mitotic processes of asexual stage parasites.
Progressive realisation of universal health coverage: what are the required processes and evidence?
Authors: Baltussen R , Jansen M P , Bijlmakers L , Tromp N , Yamin A E , Norheim O F 
Published: August 2017

Progressive realisation is invoked as the guiding principle for countries on their own path to universal health coverage (UHC). It refers to the governmental obligations to immediately and progressively move towards the full realisation of UHC. This paper provides procedural guidance for countries, that is, how they can best organise their processes and evidence collection to make decisions on what services to provide first under progressive realisation. We thereby use ‘evidence-informed deliberative processes’, a generic value assessment framework to guide decision making on the choice of health services. We apply this to the concept of progressive realisation of UHC.We reason that countries face two important choices to achieve UHC. First, they need to define which services they consider as high priority, on the basis of their social values, including cost-effectiveness, priority to the worse off and financial risk protection. Second, they need to make tough choices whether they should first include more priority services, first expand coverage of existing priority services or first reduce co-payments of existing priority services. Evidence informed deliberative processes can facilitate these choices for UHC, and are also essential to the progressive realisation of the right to health. The framework informs health authorities on how they can best organise their processes in terms of composition of an appraisal committee including stakeholders, of decision-making criteria, collection of evidence and development of recommendations, including their communication. In conclusion, this paper fills in an important gap in the literature by providing procedural guidance for countries to progressively realise UHC.
Arginine Deprivation Therapy: Putative Strategy to Eradicate Glioblastoma Cells by Radiosensitization
Authors: Hinrichs C. Noreen , Ingargiola Mirjam , Käubler Theresa , Löck Steffen , Temme Achim , Köhn-Luque Alvaro , Deutsch Andreas , Vovk Olena , Stasyk Oleh , Kunz-Schughart Leoni A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTumor cells—even if nonauxotrophic—are often highly sensitive to arginine deficiency. We hypothesized that arginine deprivation therapy (ADT) if combined with irradiation could be a new treatment strategy for glioblastoma (GBM) patients because systemic ADT is independent of local penetration and diffusion limitations. A proof-of-principle in vitro study was performed with ADT being mimicked by application of recombinant human arginase or arginine-free diets. ADT inhibited two-dimensional (2-D) growth and cell-cycle progression, and reduced growth recovery after completion of treatment in four different GBM cell line models. Cells were less susceptible to ADT alone in the presence of citrulline and in a three-dimensional (3-D) environment. Migration and 3-D invasion were not unfavorably affected. However, ADT caused a significant radiosensitization that was more pronounced in a GBM cell model with p53 loss of function as compared with its p53-wildtype counterpart. The synergistic effect was independent of basic and induced argininosuccinate synthase or argininosuccinate lyase protein expression and not abrogated by the presence of citrulline. The radiosensitizing potential was maintained or even more distinguishable in a 3-D environment as verified in p53-knockdown and p53-wildtype U87-MG cells via a 60-day spheroid control probability assay. Although the underlying mechanism is still ambiguous, the observation of ADT-induced radiosensitization is of great clinical interest, in particular for patients with GBM showing high radioresistance and/or p53 loss of function. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(2); 393–406. ©2017 AACR.See all articles in this MCT Focus section, “Developmental Therapeutics in Radiation Oncology.”
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 and 2 Are Associated With Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Svensson Edith H. , Söderholm Martin , Abul-Kasim Kasim , Engström Gunnar 
Published: August 2017

Background and Purpose—
Raised plasma concentrations of tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFR) have been linked to arterial stiffness, cerebral microbleeds, and vascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of circulating levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 with risk for future intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods—
The population-based MDCS cohort (Malmö Diet and Cancer Study; n=28 449) was conducted in 1991 to 1996. A nested case–control study was performed in the MDCS, including 220 cases who experienced ICH during the follow-up period (mean age at inclusion 62 years, 48% men) and 244 matched controls. Of the 220 ICH cases, 68 died within 28 days. Conditional logistic regression was used to study the association between plasma levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 and incident ICH, adjusting for known ICH risk factors.

Results—

Concentrations of both TNFR1 and TNFR2 were significantly higher in subjects who developed ICH during the follow-up. The associations remained after adjustment for ICH risk factors (TNFR1: odds ratio [OR], 2.28; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–4.11;
P
=0.006; TNFR2: OR, 1.77; CI, 1.16–2.70;
P
=0.008). ORs were somewhat higher for nonlobar ICH (3.04; CI, 1.29–7.14 and 2.39; CI, 1.32–4.32, respectively) than for lobar ICH (2.03; CI, 0.93–4.41 and 1.35; CI, 0.78–2.37, respectively). TNFR1 and TNFR2 were also associated with increased risk of fatal ICH (TNFR1: OR, 4.42; CI, 1.67–11.6; TNFR2: OR, 2.90; CI, 1.50–5.58) and with poor functional outcome according to the modified Rankin Scale.

Conclusions—
High plasma levels of TNFR1 and TNFR2 were associated with incident ICH, most clearly with ICH of nonlobar location. The results suggest that tumor necrosis factor–mediated inflammation could be associated with vascular changes preceding ICH.
Meteorological Forcing Datasets for Blowing Snow Modeling on the Tibetan Plateau: Evaluation and Intercomparison
Authors: Xie Zhipeng , Hu Zeyong , Gu Lianglei , Sun Genhou , Du Yizhen , Yan Xiaoqiang 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this paper, the reliability of the wind speed, temperature, humidity, pressure, and precipitation values of three surface meteorological forcing products [China Meteorological Administration Land Data Assimilation System, version 2 (CLDAS-2); China Meteorological Forcing Dataset (CMFD); and Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, version 2 (MERRA-2)] in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) region was investigated from 2008 to 2014. Compared with the China Meteorological Administration (CMA) observations, CLDAS-2 exhibited the highest correlation coefficient for wind speed, CMFD displayed the best coefficients for temperature and specific humidity, and MERRA-2 best reflected pressure variations. Based on the biases, CLDAS-2 exhibited the best overall performance for temperature, specific humidity, and pressure, while CMFD displayed the best performance for wind speed. The high overall accuracy and false alarm ratio of precipitation based on MERRA-2 both stem from its continuous overestimation of the precipitation frequency. Both CLDAS-2 and CMFD overestimated the nonprecipitation frequency in comparisons with CMA observations, and a significant positive bias exists in MERRA-2 based on the analysis of daily precipitation. The results obtained from the comparisons with field observations over the TP and CMA observations are similar, except for the temperature and humidity biases of CLDAS-2. The meteorological effects on the coupled land–blowing snow modeling discussed in this paper suggest that the occurrence of blowing snow and snowdrift sublimation are projected to be reduced by CLDAS-2 due to the underestimation of wind speed, continual lack of snowfall events, and the positive biases in low temperatures and humidity, while simulations of blowing processes by MERRA-2 are likely to be much more severe than they actually are. These results may contribute to identifying deficiencies associated with the development of land surface models coupled with a blowing snow model.
The Role of Health in Urban Climate Adaptation: An Analysis of Six U.S. Cities
Authors: Shimamoto Mark M. , McCormick Sabrina 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Climate change threatens the health of urban residents in many ways. This qualitative study aims to understand how six U.S. cities are considering health adaptation when responding to climate change; 65 semistructured interviews were conducted with salient stakeholders across six U.S. cities (Boston, Massachusetts; Los Angeles, California; Portland, Oregon; Raleigh, North Carolina; Tampa, Florida; and Tucson, Arizona), and transcripts were analyzed to identify common themes. Each city’s (or county’s) most recent climate action plan was also analyzed. This study found that interviewees’ ability to understand the connection between climate and health was a major determinant for health adaptation implementation. In addition, institutional fragmentation in governance made it difficult to incorporate health concerns into broader climate planning. However, cross-sectoral collaborations and considerations of health cobenefits were shown to help overcome these barriers. These findings offer valuable insight regarding how policy makers and practitioners can safeguard public health from the effects of climate change.
Effectiveness of a treatment guideline for schizophrenia in adolescents: Lessons from a middle-income country
Authors: Ulloa Rosa-Elena , Arce Sofía , Victoria Gamaliel , Sarmiento Emmanuel , Jiménez Israel , Arroyo Eduardo , Díaz Calvo Ana-Teresa , Del Valle Miriam , Santos Gabriela , Rosetti Marcos , Apiquian Rogelio 
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Treatment guidelines for schizophrenia represent a standard way to manage patients, especially in countries with limited staff resources. However, they have not been compared on their efficacy with treatment as usual, despite adult studies suggesting they can be more effective. Methods: Inpatient and outpatient adolescents with schizophrenia were randomly allocated to be either treated according to a guideline-based treatment ( n = 43) or treatment as usual ( n = 44). The effects on symptoms, psychosocial functioning and cognition were compared in a 6-month follow-up. Results: There were no differences between groups in the pharmacological treatment, reduction in symptom severity or cognition. The guideline-based treatment group showed a better functioning at months 3 and 6. Conclusion: The guideline-based treatment had a greater effect than the treatment as usual in the psychosocial functioning of adolescent patients ( www.clinicaltrials.gov ; II3/02/0811).
Education and contact strategies to reduce stigmatising attitudes towards anorexia nervosa among university students
Authors: Sebastian Joel , Richards Deborah , Bilgin Ayse 
Published: August 2017

Objective: As a strategy for the identification and treatment of individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), we sought to reduce stigmatising attitudes concerning AN among members of their potential social network. Design: Three forms of stigma were focused upon: traditional, positive volitional and negative volitional. Stigmatising attitudes were captured at baseline, and after the first and second interventions. Setting: Male and female undergraduates at a university in Australia. Method: In all, 122 undergraduate students were randomly allocated into two groups where via videos one group received information about AN from a medical professional (education) followed by a person who has recovered from AN presenting her experiences (contact). The second group received a contact then education intervention. Results: Repeated measures ANOVA showed that participants’ volitional stigma was lesser than at baseline following the presentation of the first intervention for both education and contact. However, levels of traditional stigma did not significantly differ. Contact was more effective in reducing positive volitional stigma than education for men, but both were equally effective for women. Conclusion: Study findings provides support for the value of using video-based interventions to change attitudes to stigmatised conditions and demonstrated that education and contact intervention strategies were effective in reducing stigmatising attitudes towards AN in university students.
‘Was it worth it?’ Intrathecal analgesia for cancer pain: A qualitative study exploring the views of family carers
Authors: Patel Nishi , Huddart Melanie , Makins Helen , Mitchell Theresa , Gibbins Jane L , Graterol Juan , Stevens Deborah , Perkins Paul 
Published: August 2017

Background: Intrathecal drug delivery is known to reduce pain in patients where conventional systemic analgesia has been ineffective or intolerable. However, there is little information regarding the effects of intrathecal drug delivery on quality of life and function in those with advanced, incurable cancer. Aim: Retrospective exploration of the views of bereaved carers regarding the physical and psychosocial effects of external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery in patients with advanced incurable cancer. Design: Thematic analysis of qualitative interviews with carers of deceased individuals who received percutaneous external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery as part of their pain management, within two UK centres. Setting: A total of 11 carers were recruited from two UK Palliative Care centres. Family carers of adult patients who had received external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery analgesia for cancer pain and had died between 6 and 48 months prior to contact were included. Carer relatives who were considered likely to be too vulnerable or who had lodged a complaint about treatment within the recruiting department or who had been treated directly by the interviewer were excluded. Results: In total, 11 interviews took place. The emerging themes were (1) making the decision to have the intrathecal – relatives described desperate situations with severe pain and/or sedation, meaning that the individual would try anything; (2) timing and knowing they were having the best – an increased access to pain and palliative care services, meant carers felt everything possible was being done, making the situation more bearable; (3) was it worth it? – the success of the external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery was judged on its ability to enable the individual to be themselves through their final illness. Side effects were often considered acceptable, if the external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery enabled improvements in quality of life. Conclusion: Carers perceived external tunnelled intrathecal drug delivery as most valuable when it improved quality of life towards the end of life, by reducing pain and side effects of conventional systemic analgesia to enable individuals ‘to be themselves’. Under these circumstances, the carers judged significant side effects to be acceptable.
Antipsychotic Use With and Without Comorbid Psychiatric Diagnosis Among Adults with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Lunsky Yona , Khuu Wayne , Tadrous Mina , Vigod Simone , Cobigo Virginie , Gomes Tara 
Published: August 2017

Objective: Antipsychotic use is controversial in the management of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) because of inconclusive evidence for efficacy in the absence of a comorbid psychiatric condition, and substantial concerns about adverse effects. We aimed to characterize antipsychotic use among Ontario adults with IDD and compare profiles of those with and without a documented psychiatric diagnosis. Method: This population-based study included 51,881 adults with IDD under 65 y as of April 2010 receiving provincial drug benefits in Ontario who were followed until March 2016 to identify those dispensed at least one antipsychotic medication. Profiles of those with and without a psychiatric diagnosis were compared. Results: Overall, 39.2% of adults ( n = 20,316) were dispensed an antipsychotic medication, which increased to 56.4% in a subcohort residing in group homes. Almost one-third (28.91%) of people prescribed an antipsychotic medication did not have a documented psychiatric diagnosis. Those without a psychiatric diagnosis differed considerably from those with a diagnosis. In particular, those without a psychiatric diagnosis were older, less likely to have used antidepressants or benzodiazepines in the year before, and less likely to have used ambulatory and acute care. Conclusions: Antipsychotic use in IDD is common, and occurs frequently without a psychiatric diagnosis. Attention toward how antipsychotics are prescribed and monitored for people with IDD in Canada is warranted to ensure appropriate prescribing.
Paranasal Sinus Disease in Children With Headache
Authors: Vieira Neto Ronan J. , Teixeira Karine C. S. , Guerreiro Marilisa M. , Montenegro Maria Augusta 
Published: August 2017

Background: Sinus headache is one of the most frequent misdiagnosis given to children with headache. The objective of this study is to evaluate the frequency of sinus disease in children with headache that do not fulfill the criteria for headache attributed to disorder of the nose or paranasal sinuses. Methods: This is a prospective study conducted at the authors’ pediatric neurology clinic. Data from children with headache was evaluated and compared with a disease control group composed of children without history of headache. All patients underwent neuroimaging assessment. Patients with diagnosis of acute infectious sinus disease were excluded from the analysis. The type of headache was classified according to the International Headache Society. Statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test, with a level of significance of .05. Results: A total of 62 patients with headache were evaluated; 24 boys, 38 girls, ages ranging from 3 to 18 years (mean = 9.7 years). Of the patients, 29 had migraine without aura, 4 had frequent episodic tension type headache, 3 had both migraine without aura and frequent episodic tension type headache, 3 had migraine with brainstem aura, 2 had episodic tension type headache, 1 had migraine with aura. In 20 patients the type of headache could not be established. The disease control group had 41 patients; 25 boys, 16 girls, ages ranging from 3 to 17 years (mean = 7.3 years). Sinus abnormalities detected by neuroimaging were present in 12 patients in the headache group and in 11 patients in the disease control group ( P = .469). Conclusion: The authors conclude that sinus abnormalities are a common finding in neuroimaging tests of children with or without headache. Sinus disease disclosed by neuroimaging evaluation should not preclude the diagnosis of migraine or other types of primary headache.