bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Reframing of the War on Drugs as a “Humanitarian Crisis”: Costs, Benefits, and Consequences
Authors: Sandvik Kristin Bergtora , Hoelscher Kristian 
Published: December 2016

The War on Drugs has had grave humanitarian consequences for Latin America. It has encouraged a highly militarized and ultimately unsuccessful approach to drug control, leading to violence, displacement, and human suffering throughout the region. In acknowledging and responding to this suffering, humanitarian organizations have recently begun to frame this situation as a “humanitarian crisis” to facilitate humanitarian entry into new spaces. There is a need for a conceptual conversation about the use of the label “humanitarian crisis” in reference to the human costs of the War on Drugs in Latin America, particularly its rhetorical and normative use by the media and civil society and its strategic and moral use by humanitarian actors. La Guerra contra las Drogas ha tenido grave consecuencias humanitarias para América Latina. Ha promovido un enfoque altamente militarizado y en última instancia fallido, para controlar las drogas, lo que ha provocado violencia, desplazamientos y sufrimiento humano a través de la región. Como reconocimiento y respuesta a este sufrimiento, las organizaciones humanitarias recientemente han empezado a plantear esta situación como una “crisis humanitaria” para así facilitar la entrada humanitaria en nuevos espacios. Es necesario que se dé una conversación teórica sobre el uso de la categoría “crisis humanitaria” en referencia a los costos humanos de la Guerra contra las Drogas en América Latina, especialmente su uso retórico y prescriptivo por parte de los medios de comunicación y la sociedad civil y su uso estratégico y moral por parte de los agentes humanitarios.
Esmolol before cardioplegia and as cardioplegia adjuvant reduces cardiac troponin release after cardiac surgery. A randomized trial
Authors: Bignami Elena , Guarnieri Marcello , Franco Annalisa , Gerli Chiara , De Luca Monica , Monaco Fabrizio , Landoni Giovanni , Zangrillo Alberto 
Published: December 2016

Background: Cardioplegic solutions are the standard in myocardial protection during cardiac surgery, since they interrupt the electro-mechanical activity of the heart and protect it from ischemia during aortic cross-clamping. Nevertheless, myocardial damage has a strong clinical impact. We tested the hypothesis that the short-acting beta-blocker esmolol, given immediately before cardiopulmonary bypass and as a cardioplegia additive, would provide an extra protection to myocardial tissue during cardiopulmonary bypass by virtually reducing myocardial activity and, therefore, oxygen consumption to zero. Materials and methods: This was a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase IV trial. Adult patients undergoing elective valvular and non-valvular cardiac surgery with end diastolic diameter >60 mm and ejection fraction <50% were enrolled. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either esmolol, 1 mg/kg before aortic cross-clamping and 2 mg/kg with Custodiol® crystalloid cardioplegia or equivolume placebo. The primary end-point was peak postoperative troponin T concentration. Troponin was measured at Intensive Care Unit arrival and at 4, 24 and 48 hours. Secondary endpoints included ventricular fibrillation after cardioplegic arrest, need for inotropic support and intensive care unit and hospital stay. Results: We found a reduction in peak postoperative troponin T, from 1195 ng/l (690–2730) in the placebo group to 640 ng/l (544–1174) in the esmolol group (p=0.029) with no differences in Intensive Care Unit stay [3 days (1-6) in the placebo group and 3 days (2-5) in the esmolol group] and hospital stay [7 days (6–10) in the placebo group and 7 days (6–12) in the esmolol group]. Troponin peak occurred at 24 hours for 12 patients (26%) and at 4 hours for the others (74%). There were no differences in other secondary end-points. Conclusions: Adding esmolol to the cardioplegia in high-risk patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery reduces peak postoperative troponin levels. Further investigation is necessary to assess esmolol effects on major clinical outcomes.
Long-term predictors of remission in patients treated for medication-overuse headache at a specialized headache center: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Zidverc-Trajkovic Jasna J , Pekmezovic Tatjana , Jovanovic Zagorka , Pavlovic Aleksandra , Mijajlovic Milija , Radojicic Aleksandra , Sternic Nadezda 
Published: December 2016

Objective To evaluate long-term predictors of remission in patients with medication-overuse headache (MOH) by prospective cohort study. Background Knowledge regarding long-term predictors of MOH outcome is limited. Methods Two hundred and forty MOH patients recruited from 2000 to 2005 were included in a one-year follow-up study and then subsequently followed until 31 December 2013. The median follow-up was three years (interquartile range, three years). Predictive values of selected variables were assessed by the Cox proportional hazard regression model. Results At the end of follow-up, 102 (42.5%) patients were in remission. The most important predictors of remission were lower number of headache days per month before the one-year follow-up (HR-hazard ratio = 0.936, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.884–0.990, p = 0.021) and efficient initial drug withdrawal (HR = 0.136, 95% CI 0.042–0.444, p = 0.001). Refractory MOH was observed in seven (2.9%) and MOH relapse in 131 patients (54.6%). Conclusions Outcome at the one-year follow-up is a reliable predictor of MOH long-term remission.
Field testing of ICHD-3 beta criteria of periictal headaches in patients with focal epilepsy – a prospective diary study
Authors: Lieba-Samal Doris , Wöber Christian , Waiß Christoph , Kastiunig Theresa , Seidl Matthias , Mahr Nina , Aull-Watschinger Susanne , Pataraia Ekaterina , Seidel Stefan 
Published: December 2016

Background To date we are lacking prospective data for field testing of ICHD-3 beta criteria for periictal headache (PIH). Methods Patients with focal epilepsy diagnosed by means of prolonged video-EEG monitoring completed a paper-pencil diary for three months and recorded seizures and headaches on a daily basis. According to ICHD-3 beta, we classified PIH, defined as headache present on a day with at least one seizure, as “7.6 headache related to epileptic seizure”, “7.6.1 hemicrania epileptica” or “7.6.2 postictal headache”. In addition, we compared the ICHD-3 beta diagnoses to the diagnoses according to ICHD-2. Results Thirty two patients completed the diary. Data analysis included 2,668 patient days, 300 seizures and 37 episodes of PIH. Two of these episodes (5.4%) were classified as headache related to seizure, three (8.1%) fulfilled both the criteria of headache related to seizure and hemicrania epileptica and four (10.8%) were postictal headaches. Twenty eight episodes (75.7%) did not fulfil any of the ICHD-3 beta criteria of seizure-related headaches, mostly because headache onset was before seizure onset. Applying ICHD-2 criteria allowed only one single episode of PIH to be classified as postictal headache. Discussion Our study is the first to present prospective field testing data of the ICHD-3 beta criteria for three types of seizure-related headaches. The majority of PIH episodes do not fulfil any of these criteria. One quarter can be classified according to ICHD-3 beta, whereas purely clinical diagnosis of PIH is markedly restricted in ICHD-2 because of mandatory electroencephalographic evidence.
Neonatal nurses’ response to a hypothetical premature birth situation: What if it was my baby?
Authors: Green Janet , Darbyshire Philip , Adams Anne , Jackson Debra 
Published: December 2016

Background: Evolving technology and scientific advancement have increased the chances of survival of the extremely premature baby; however, such survival can be associated with some severe long-term morbidities. Research question: The research investigates the caregiving and ethical dilemmas faced by neonatal nurses when caring for extremely premature babies (defined as ≤24 weeks’ gestation). This article explores the issues arising for neonatal nurses when they considered the philosophical question of ‘what if it was me and my baby’, or what they believed they would do in the hypothetical situation of going into premature labour and delivering an extremely premature baby. Participants: Data were collected via a questionnaire to Australian neonatal nurses and semi-structured interviews with 24 neonatal nurses in New South Wales, Australia. Ethical considerations: Relevant ethical approvals have been obtained by the researchers. Findings: A qualitative approach was used to analyse the data. The theme ‘imagined futures’ was generated which comprised three sub-themes: ‘choice is important’, ‘not subjecting their own baby to treatment’ and ‘nurses and outcome predictions’. The results offer an important and unique understanding into the perceptions of nursing staff who care for extremely premature babies and their family, see them go home and witness their evolving outcomes. The results show that previous clinical and personal experiences led the nurses in the study to choose to have the belief that if in a similar situation, they would choose not to have their own baby resuscitated and subjected to the very treatment that they provide to other babies. Conclusion: The theme ‘imagined futures’ offers an overall understanding of how neonatal nurses imagine what the life of the extremely premature baby and his or her family will be like after discharge from neonatal intensive care. The nurses’ past experience has led them to believe that they would not want this life for themselves and their baby, if they were to deliver at 24 weeks’ gestation or less.
The Impact of the Human Rights Education Program for Women on Gender Perceptions of Social Work Students
Authors: Altınova Hasan H. , Duyan Veli , Megahead Hamido A. 
Published: December 2016

Objectives: This study examines the impact of women’s human rights education on improving the gender perceptions (GPs) of social work students. Methods: Experimental group consists of third-year social work students participated in the “Human Rights Education Program for Women (HREP)” within the scope of social work principles and methods II course given in Ankara University, Department of Social Work, whereas control group consists of the same class students who did not participate in the program. Gender Perception Scale was employed as an outcome measure tool in the study in which 65 students participated. The research in question is a quasi-experimental study, where pretest–posttest model is used. The HREP was performed on the students in a total of 12 sessions and each session lasted about 120 min. Results: The research study revealed GP levels of the social work students participated in the HREP were improved. Conclusions: HREP is effective in educating women on human rights; hence, this program should be used to educate female students at universities and create awareness on human rights.
Drug–drug interactions in patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Authors: Keller Kristine L , Franquiz Miguel J , Duffy Alison P , Trovato James A 
Published: December 2016

Rationale Tyrosine kinase inhibitors are increasingly used in the treatment of cancer. Drug interactions involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors are commonly encountered in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to describe the frequency of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated drug interactions among a cohort of oncology patients. Methods Adult patients were included who presented to either of two outpatient oncology practices and were prescribed a tyrosine kinase inhibitor during 2 January 2013 to 1 January 2015. Demographic and medication data were abstracted from electronic medical records. Lexicomp®, Micromedex Solutions®, and medication labeling were utilized to identify potential interactions between tyrosine kinase inhibitors and concomitant medications. Interactions were then assessed by the investigators for clinical significance. The primary outcome was the frequency of significant drug interactions involving tyrosine kinase inhibitors and concomitant medications. Secondary outcomes included describing the nature and clinical impact of interactions, and describing interactions by medication class. Results A total of 356 patients were identified for analysis, in whom 244 potential interactions were identified, and 109 (44.7%) of which were considered severe. Decreased tyrosine kinase inhibitor absorption due to acid suppressive therapy and CYP3A4 interactions were the most frequent mechanisms of potential subtherapeutic and supratherapeutic concentrations, respectively. Potential clinical consequences included QTc prolongation ( n = 53, 48.6%), decreased tyrosine kinase inhibitor concentration ( n = 53, 48.6%), and increased tyrosine kinase inhibitor concentration ( n = 3, 2.8%). Conclusions Safer alternative therapy and/or more frequent clinical monitoring should be considered if an interaction poses a significant risk of increased tyrosine kinase inhibitor toxicity or decreased tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy. Oncology pharmacists can play a role in screening for tyrosine kinase inhibitor-associated interactions, recommending alternative therapies or dosing strategies, and monitoring tyrosine kinase inhibitor efficacy and toxicity.
The Accuracy of Measurements of Nonmelanoma Skin Cancer Sizes Referred to the Mohs Surgery Clinic
Authors: To Derek , Macdonald Jillian 
Published: December 2016

Background: Tumour size is a crucial factor used to plan Mohs procedures. Larger tumours require more time and stages of excision, and they need to be triaged as a higher priority. Therefore, the accuracy in measurement of tumour size is critical. Objective: To investigate if there is a significant difference in accuracy of tumour measurements in referrals between dermatologists and nondermatologists. Methods and Materials: Performed a retrospective study of 180 referrals from dermatologists and 47 referrals from nondermatologists to The Ottawa Hospital Riverside Mohs Surgery Clinic. We compared the mean size difference of tumours between the preoperative size and the size reported on referral. Results: Average reported size upon referral of nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was 1.39 cm2 and 1.35 cm2 from dermatologists and nondermatologists, respectively ( P = .881). During the preoperative assessment, tumour sizes were 0.65 cm2 and 1.45 cm2 larger than that reported from dermatologists and nondermatologists, respectively ( P < .05). The duration between referral and preoperative assessment was 3 to 4 months for both groups ( P = .26). Conclusion: The accuracy of tumour measurements between dermatologists and nondermatologists differed significantly, as nondermatologists underestimated the size of NMSCs. This directly affects triaging patients and operative management in Mohs surgery. To compensate for size underestimation, early and prompt referrals of NMSCs from nondermatologists are warranted.
Effect of diabetes mellitus on the clinical outcome of lower limb arterial bypass surgery: A propensity score analysis
Authors: Lazaris Andreas M , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Antonopoulos Konstantinos , Mantas Georgios , Kouvelos Georgios , Moulakakis Konstantinos , Matsagkas Miltiadis I , Vasdekis Spyros N , Geroulakos George 
Published: December 2016

Objectives Diabetic patients who undergo lower limb arterial bypass surgery are considered to have a worse clinical outcome compared to non-diabetics. The aim of the study was to test this hypothesis after applying propensity score matching analysis. Patients and methods A total of 113 consecutive lower limb bypass procedures (55 diabetic and 58 non-diabetic) were evaluated regarding their clinical outcome. Endpoints of the study included amputation-free survival, limb salvage, patency and patients’ survival up to 36 months post-procedure. After propensity score matching analysis, two new groups, diabetic and non-diabetic, of 31 limbs in each one were created, both equivalent regarding all baseline characteristics. Results Between the propensity score matching groups, the amputation-free survival was 68.8% in the non-diabetic and 37.7% in the diabetic group at 36 months ( p = 0.004). Similarly, the survival was 88.6% and 57.6%, respectively, in the two groups at the same time point ( p = 0.01). On the contrary, no difference was found in patency (58.3% vs. 56%) and in limb salvage rate (74.1% vs. 60.8%). Conclusions Lower limbs arterial bypass surgery has similar results regarding patency and limb salvage rate in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. On the contrary, mortality is worse in diabetic patients, this affecting negatively their amputation-free survival.
Submental thyroid ectopy might cause subclinical hypothyroidism in early childhood
Authors: Kocova Mirjana , Zdraveska Nikolina , Zdravkovska Maja , Anastasovska Violeta , Pop Gjorceva Daniela 
Published: December 2016

Objective: Thyroid ectopy is a rare condition resulting from abnormal embryologic development and migration of the gland. Sublingual is the most common thyroid ectopy; all other ectopic thyroid locations occur very rare. There are no reports in the literature that describe the clinical course of patients with congenital hypothyroidism due to thyroid ectopy. Methods and Results: We present a child with congenital hypothyroidism detected on neonatal screening which had a subclinical course during follow-up. Scintigraphy revealed submental thyroid ectopy, a rare ectopic location and no orthotopic thyroid gland. Conclusion: Our case is unique because of the rare ectopic thyroid location but also of the unexpected clinical course; however, further thyroid monitoring is required for the therapy adjustment and detection of any changes in the ectopic tissue.
Magmatic, hydrothermal and subsolidus evolution of the agpaitic nepheline syenites of the Sushina Hill Complex, India: implications for the metamorphism of peralkaline syenites
Authors: Chakrabarty A. , Mitchell R. H. , Ren M. , Saha P. K. , Pal S. , Pruseth K. L. , Sen A. K. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Proterozoic Sushina Hill Complex is the only agpaitic complex, reported from India and is characterized by a eudialyte-rinkite-bearing nepheline syenite. The complex is considered a ‘metamorphosed agpaitic complex'. This study describes the mineral assemblages formed during successive stages of evolution from magmatic to hydrothermal stages and low-temperature subsolidus re-equilibration assemblage. The primary-late magmatic assemblage is characterized by albite, orthoclase, unaltered nepheline, zoned diopside-hedenbergite, rinkite, late magmatic eudialyte and magnesio-arfvedsonite formed at ∼700°C with maximum aSiO2 of 0.60. In contrast, a deuteric assemblage (400-348°C) is represented by aegirine-jadeite-rich clinopyroxene, post-magmatic eudialyte, sodalite, analcime and the decomposition assemblages formed after eudialyte with decreasing aSiO2 (0.52-0.48). A further low-temperature subsolidus assemblage (≤250°C) represented by late-forming natrolite could be either related to regressive stages of metamorphism or a continuum of the subsolidus processes. Considering the P/T range of the greenschist - lower-amphibolite facies of metamorphism it is evident that the incorporation of a jadeite component within pyroxene is related to a subsolidus process between ∼400°C and 348°C in a silica deficient environment. We emphasize that the deuteric fluid itself acted as an agent of metamorphism and the decomposition assemblage formed after eudialyte is retained even after metamorphism due to the convergence of subsolidus and metamorphic domains. The formation of jadeite-rich aegirine is not considered to result from metamorphism. Overall it is near-impossible to discern any bona fide metamorphic textures or mineral assemblages in these syenites which appear to preserve a relict mineralogy regardless of their occurrence in country rocks which have experienced greenschist - amphibolite facies metamorphism. The Sushina complex is very similar in this respect to the Norra Kärr complex (Sweden).
The crystal chemistry of elsmoreite from the Hemerdon (Drakelands) mine, UK: hydrokenoelsmoreite-3C and hydrokenoelsmoreite-6R
Authors: Mills Stuart J. , Christy Andrew G. , Rumsey Mike S. , Spratt John 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA crystallographic and chemical study of two 'elsmoreite' samples (previously described as 'ferritungstite') from the Hemerdon mine (now known as the Drakelands mine), Devon, United Kingdom has shown them to be two different polytypes of hydrokenoelsmoreite. Hydrokenoelsmoreite-3C(HKE-3C) crystallizes in space group , with the unit-cell parameter a = 10.3065(3) Å. Hydrokenoelsmoreite-6R (HKE-6R) crystallizes in space group , with the unit-cell parameters a = 7.2882(2) Å and c = 35.7056(14)Å. Chemical analyses showed that both polytypes have Na and Fe/Al substitution giving the formulae: (Na0.28Ca0.04K0.02(H2O)0.20⁏1.46)∑2.00(W1.47Fe3+0.32Al0.21As5+0.01)∑2.00[O4.79(OH)1.21]∑6.00·(H2O)(3C) and (Na0.24Ca0.04K0.03(H2O)0.63⁏1.06)∑2.00(W1.42Fe3+0.49Al0.08As5+0.01)∑2.00[O4.65(OH)1.35]∑6.00·(H2O)(6R). The doubling of the unit cell in the 6R phase is due to ordering of Na and ( ,H2O) in the A site; no long-range ordering is observed between W and Fe/Al in the B site.
Ferro-ferri-hornblende from the Traversella mine (Ivrea, Italy): occurrence, mineral description and crystal-chemistry
Authors: Oberti Roberta , Boiocchi Massimo , Hawthorne Frank C. , Ball Neil A. , Cámara Fernando , Pagano Renato , Pagano Adriana 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFerro-ferri-hornblende is a new member of the amphibole supergroup (IMA-CNMNC 2015-054). It has been found in a rock specimen from the historical collection of Leandro De Magistris, which was collected at the Traversella mine (Val Chiusella, Ivrea, Piemonte, Italy). The specimen was catalogued as ‘speziaite', and contains a wide range of amphibole compositions from tremolite/actinolite to magnesio-hastingsite. The end-member formula of ferro-ferri-hornblende is A□BCa2c(Fe+Fe3+)T(Si7Al) O22W(OH)2 , which requires SiO2 43.41, Al2O3 5.26, FeO 29.66, Fe2O3 8.24 CaO 11.57, H2O 1.86, total 100.00 wt.%. The empirical formula derived from electron microprobe analysis and single-crystal structure refinement for the holotype crystal is A(Na0.10K0.13)
Σ=0.23B(Ca 1.93Na0.07)Σ=2.00C(Mg1.16Fe2+3.21Mn0.O6Fe3+0.45
Al0.12Ti 0.01)Σ=5.01T(Si7.26Al0. 74)Σ=8.00 O22W(OH1.89F0.01C10.10)Σ=2.00- Ferro-ferri-hornblende is biaxial (-), with α = 1.697(2), P = 1 .722(5), γ = 1.726(5) and 2V (meas.) = 35.7(1.4)°, 2V (calc.) = 43.1°. The unit-cell parameters are a = 9.9307(5), b = 18.2232(10), c = 5.3190(3) Å, β = 104.857(1)°, V= 930.40 (9) Å3, Z= 2, space group C2/m. The a:b:c ratio is 0.545:1:0.292. The strongest eight reflections in the powder X-ray pattern [d values (in Å), I, (hkl)] are: 8.493, 100, (110); 2.728, 69, (151); 3.151, 47, (310); 2.555, 37, (); 2.615, 32, (061); 2.359, 28, (); 3.406, 26, (131); 2.180, 25, (261). Type material is deposited in the collections of the Museo di Mineralogia, Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e dell'Ambiente, Università di Pavia, under the catalogue number 2015-01. Sample M/U15285 from the historical collection of Luigi Colomba, presently at the Museo Regionale di Scienze Naturali di Torino, was also checked, and the presence of ferro-ferri-hornblende was confirmed.