bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retrospective study on the occurrence of canine lymphoma and associated breed risks in a population of dogs in NSW (2001–2009)
Authors: Yau PPY , Dhand NK , Thomson PC , Taylor RM 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo identify risk factors for canine lymphoma in dogs from New South Wales, Australia, and to compare factors affecting remission duration.MethodsClient‐owned dogs diagnosed with lymphoma presented to the University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (UVTH), University of Sydney, between 2001 and 2009 (n = 134) were compared with a control population of dogs seen in that period of time with a diagnosis other than lymphoma to evaluate association of explanatory variables (breed, age and sex) with the outcome (case or control status).ResultsThe Australian Cattle Dog (odds ratio (OR) = 4.71; 95% confidence interval (Cl) 2.31–9.62; P < 0.001), Doberman (OR = 7.64; 95% Cl 2.87–20.34; P = 0.001) and Rottweiler (OR = 4.52; 95% Cl 2.09–9.73; P = 0.001) had increased odds of lymphoma among dogs attending the UVTH compared with crossbreds. The results suggested that the Border Collie (OR = 3.38; 95% Cl 1.52–7.53; P = 0.008) and Boxer (OR = 3.85; 95% Cl 1.65–8.95; P = 0.006) also have increased odds of lymphoma among the pure‐breed dogs attending the UVTH when compared with crossbred dogs.ConclusionsThe results of this study confirmed a breed predilection for lymphoma in dogs, with the Australian Cattle Dog and Doberman having increased odds of lymphoma.
Role of Cytochrome P450 3A4 and 1A2 Phenotyping in Patients with Advanced Non‐small‐Cell Lung Cancer Receiving Erlotinib Treatment
Authors: Parra‐Guillen Zinnia P. , Berger Peter B. , Haschke Manuel , Donzelli Massimiliano , Winogradova Daria , Pfister Bogumila , Früh Martin , Gillessen Silke , Krähenbühl Stephan , Kloft Charlotte , Joerger Markus 
Published: April 2017

AbstractErlotinib is metabolized by cytochrome p450 (CYP) 3A and CYP1A. This study assessed CYP3A4 (midazolam) and CYP1A2 (caffeine) phenotyping in plasma and dried blood spots (DBS) for predicting the pharmacokinetics and toxicity of erlotinib in 36 patients with advanced NSCLC. On day 1, erlotinib 150 mg OD was initiated, and the two oral probe drugs midazolam (2 mg) and caffeine (100 mg) were added on day 1. Plasma and DBS were collected for erlotinib, OSI‐420 and probe drugs for up to 6 hr on day 1 and 2‐weekly up to week 10. Probe drugs, erlotinib and OSI‐420 were analysed using LC‐MS‐MS, and PK data were processed using population modelling. A high correlation was found between plasma and DBS concentrations for erlotinib (R2 = 0.960, p < 0.0001), OSI‐420 (R2 = 0.971, p < 0.0001), midazolam (R2 = 0.995, p < 0.0001) and caffeine (R2 = 0.968, p < 0.0001). Apparent oral caffeine clearance was significantly correlated with erlotinib clearance (R2 = 0.33, p = 0.048), while midazolam clearance was not (R2 = −0.09, p = 0.596). Erlotinib clearance was lower in patients experiencing grade 2 or 3 rash as compared to patients experiencing grade 0 or 1 rash (3.15 versus 3.93 L/hr, p = 0.086 for Student's t‐test). The results suggest that probe drug phenotyping is unlikely to substitute therapeutic drug monitoring of erlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC, but erlotinib PK sampling from DBS may replace more invasive venous sampling and facilitate TDM in patients with cancer.
The effect of rituximab on anti‐platelet autoantibody levels in patients with immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Arnold Donald M. , Vrbensky John R. , Karim Nadia , Smith James W. , Liu Yang , Ivetic Nikola , Kelton John G. , Nazy Ishac 
Published: April 2017

SummaryRituximab is an effective therapy resulting in a platelet count improvement in 60% of patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Rituximab depletes B cells; thus, a reduction in platelet autoantibody levels would be anticipated in patients who achieve a clinical response to this treatment. The objectives of this study were to determine whether rituximab was associated with a reduction in platelet autoantibody levels, and to correlate the loss of autoantibodies with the achievement of a treatment response. We performed a case‐control study nested within a previous randomized controlled trial of standard therapy plus adjuvant rituximab or placebo. We measured platelet‐bound anti‐glycoprotein (GP) IIbIIIa and anti‐GPIbIX using the antigen capture test. Of 55 evaluable patients, 25 (45%) had a detectable platelet autoantibody at baseline. Rituximab was associated with a significant reduction in anti‐GPIIbIIIa levels (P = 0·02) but not anti‐GPIbIX levels (P = 0·51) compared with placebo. Neither the presence of an autoantibody at baseline nor the loss of the autoantibody after treatment was associated with a response to rituximab. The subset of patients with persistent autoantibodies after treatment failed to achieve a platelet count response, suggesting that persistence of platelet autoantibodies can be a marker of disease severity.
Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of familial myeloproliferative neoplasms
Authors: Rumi Elisa , Cazzola Mario 
Published: April 2017

SummaryMyeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are generally acquired as a result of a somatic stem cell mutation leading to clonal expansion of myeloid precursors. In addition to sporadic cases, familial MPN occurs when one or several MPN affect different relatives of the same family. MPN driver mutations (JAK2, CALR, MPL) are somatically acquired also in familial cases, so a genetic predisposition to acquire one of the MPN driver mutations would be inherited, even though the causative germline mutations underlying familial MPN remain largely unknown. Recently some germline variants [ATG2B and GSKIP duplication, RBBP6 mutations, SH2B3 (LNK) mutations], which can cause familial MPN, have been reported but these mutations are rare and do not explain most familial cases. Patients with familial MPN show the same clinical features and suffer the same complications as those with sporadic disease. This review aims to offer up‐to‐date information regarding the genetics of familial MPN.
Earlier defibrotide initiation post‐diagnosis of veno‐occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome improves Day +100 survival following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Richardson Paul G. , Smith Angela R. , Triplett Brandon M. , Kernan Nancy A. , Grupp Stephan A. , Antin Joseph H. , Lehmann Leslie , Miloslavsky Maja , Hume Robin , Hannah Alison L. , Nejadnik Bijan , Soiffer Robert J. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryHepatic veno‐occlusive disease/sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (VOD/SOS) is a progressive, potentially fatal complication of conditioning for haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The VOD/SOS pathophysiological cascade involves endothelial‐cell activation and damage, and a prothrombotic‐hypofibrinolytic state. Severe VOD/SOS (typically characterized by multi‐organ dysfunction) may be associated with >80% mortality. Defibrotide is approved for treating severe hepatic VOD/SOS post‐HSCT in the European Union, and for hepatic VOD/SOS with renal or pulmonary dysfunction post‐HSCT in the United States. Previously, defibrotide (25 mg/kg/day in 4 divided doses for a recommended ≥21 days) was available through an expanded‐access treatment protocol for patients with VOD/SOS. Data from this study were examined post‐hoc to determine if the timing of defibrotide initiation post‐VOD/SOS diagnosis affected Day +100 survival post‐HSCT. Among 573 patients, defibrotide was started on the day of VOD/SOS diagnosis in approximately 30%, and within 7 days in >90%. The relationship between Day +100 survival and treatment initiation before/after specific days post‐diagnosis showed superior survival when treatment was initiated closer to VOD/SOS diagnosis with a statistically significant trend over time for better outcomes with earlier treatment initiation (P < 0·001). These results suggest that initiation of defibrotide should not be delayed after diagnosis of VOD/SOS.
Biologically meaningful scents: a framework for understanding predator–prey research across disciplines
Authors: Parsons Michael H. , Apfelbach Raimund , Banks Peter B. , Cameron Elissa Z. , Dickman Chris R. , Frank Anke S. K. , Jones Menna E. , McGregor Ian S. , McLean Stuart , Müller‐Schwarze Dietland , Sparrow Elisa E. , Blumstein Daniel T. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTFear of predation is a universal motivator. Because predators hunt using stealth and surprise, there is a widespread ability among prey to assess risk from chemical information – scents – in their environment. Consequently, scents often act as particularly strong modulators of memory and emotions. Recent advances in ecological research and analytical technology are leading to novel ways to use this chemical information to create effective attractants, repellents and anti‐anxiolytic compounds for wildlife managers, conservation biologists and health practitioners. However, there is extensive variation in the design, results, and interpretation of studies of olfactory‐based risk discrimination. To understand the highly variable literature in this area, we adopt a multi‐disciplinary approach and synthesize the latest findings from neurobiology, chemical ecology, and ethology to propose a contemporary framework that accounts for such disparate factors as the time‐limited stability of chemicals, highly canalized mechanisms that influence prey responses, and the context within which these scents are detected (e.g. availability of alternative resources, perceived shelter, and ambient physical parameters). This framework helps to account for the wide range of reported responses by prey to predator scents, and explains, paradoxically, how the same individual predator scent can be interpreted as either safe or dangerous to a prey animal depending on how, when and where the cue was deposited. We provide a hypothetical example to illustrate the most common factors that influence how a predator scent (from dingoes, Canis dingo) may both attract and repel the same target organism (kangaroos, Macropus spp.). This framework identifies the catalysts that enable dynamic scents, odours or odorants to be used as attractants as well as deterrents. Because effective scent tools often relate to traumatic memories (fear and/or anxiety) that cause future avoidance, this information may also guide the development of appeasement, enrichment and anti‐anxiolytic compounds, and help explain the observed variation in post‐traumatic‐related behaviours (including post‐traumatic stress disorder, PTSD) among diverse terrestrial taxa, including humans.
The value of a combined word recognition and knowledge measure to understand characteristics of our patients’ oral health literacy
Authors: Atchison Kathryn A. , Macek Mark D. , Markovic Daniela 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the analysis was to examine the association between sociodemographic and dental understanding and utilization characteristics and lower oral health literacy (HL) and knowledge.MethodsThe cross‐sectional Multicenter Oral Health Literacy Research Study (MOHLRS) recruited and interviewed 923 English‐speaking, initial care‐seeking adults. The questionnaire included participant sociodemographic characteristics, measures of the participant's understanding and utilization of dentistry, and two oral HL measures, the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Medicine and Dentistry (REALM‐D) and the Comprehensive Measure of Oral Health Knowledge (CMOHK), which were combined into a new composite HL and knowledge measure, the MOHLR‐K.ResultsIn adjusted multivariable analysis, persons who reported more understanding of dentist instructions had higher mean scores for all HL measures. Subjects reporting the highest level of understanding had greater scores by an average of 1.6 points for the MOHLR‐K (95% CI: 0.85‐2.40, P<.01), 2.11 points for REALMD‐20 (95% CI: 0.75‐3.48, P<.01) and 2.20 points for CMOHK (95% CI: 1.01‐3.40, P<.01) after controlling for demographic and other dental understanding and utilization factors. Persons who reported history of tooth decay had higher MOHLR‐K scores by an average of about 0.77 points (95% CI: 0.49‐1.04, P<.01), higher REALMD‐20 scores by 0.54 points (95% CI: 0.12‐0.95, P=.01) and higher CMOHK scores by 1.22 points (95% CI: 0.82‐1.63, P<.01) as compared to persons without tooth decay history after controlling for the other factors. Persons who had support all of the time for travel to the dentist had higher scores by an average of about 0.5 points for the MOHLR‐K (95% CI: 0.04‐0.96, P=.03) and about 0.89 points for the REALMD‐20 (95% CI: 0‐1.79, P=.05) as compared to subjects with no support after controlling for other factors. Report of periodontal history, financial challenges to delay a dental visit and dental utilization were not significantly associated with any of the HL measures once the other factors were adjusted for in the model.ConclusionThe analysis confirmed that pronunciation of medical and dental terms may not fully reflect comprehension and revealed that understanding both patients’ sociodemographic and dental understanding and utilization factors, such as transportation to the dental office associated with lower oral HL and knowledge, could help the profession develop appropriate clear language programmes to improve access to dental care for vulnerable populations.
Blood flow restriction attenuates eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage without perceptual and cardiovascular overload
Authors: Curty Victor M. , Melo Alexandre B. , Caldas Leonardo C. , Guimarães‐Ferreira Lucas , de Sousa Nuno F. , Vassallo Paula F. , Vasquez Elisardo C. , Barauna Valério G. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to evaluate the acute effects of high‐intensity eccentric exercise (HI‐ECC) combined with blood flow restriction (BFR) on muscle damage markers, and perceptual and cardiovascular responses. Nine healthy men (26 ± 1 years, BMI 24 ± 1 kg m−²) underwent unilateral elbow extension in two conditions: without (HI‐ECC) and with BFR (HI‐ECC+BFR). The HI‐ECC protocol corresponded to three sets of 10 repetitions with 130% of maximal strength (1RM). The ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and pain (RPP) were measured after each set. Muscle damage was evaluated by range of motion (ROM), upper arm circumference (CIR) and muscle soreness using a visual analogue scale at different moments (pre‐exercise, immediately after, 24 and 48 h postexercise). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP), mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) were measured before exercise and after each set. RPP was higher in HI‐ECC+BFR than in HI‐ECC after each set. Range of motion decreased postexercise in both conditions; however, in HI‐ECC+BFR group, it returned to pre‐exercise condition earlier (post‐24 h) than HI‐ECC (post‐48 h). CIR increased only in HI‐ECC, while no difference was observed in HI‐ECC+BFR condition. Regarding cardiovascular responses, MBP and SBP did not change at any moment. HR showed similar increases in both conditions during exercise while DBP decreased only in HI‐ECC condition. Thus, BFR attenuated HI‐ECC‐induced muscle damage and there was no increase in cardiovascular responses.
Destination‐based vs. Origin‐based Commodity Taxation in Large Open Economies with Unemployment
Authors: Antoniou Fabio , Hatzipanayotou Panos , Tsakiris Nikos 
Published: April 2017

We construct a perfectly competitive model of two symmetric countries producing tradable commodities and a public consumption good. Destination‐ or origin‐based taxes are levied on the consumption of the tradable goods. In both countries, a fixed wage leads to involuntary unemployment. We derive the Nash equilibrium consumption taxes under the two taxation principles with endogenous world prices, and compare them to (i) the cooperative rates, and (ii) the rates when world prices are fixed. We demonstrate that with endogenous world prices, the induced terms‐of‐trade effects cancel out under the destination principle, but they prevail under the origin principle of taxation. Nash equilibrium destination‐based taxes are inefficiently low when the exporting sector in each country is non‐labour‐intensive. The Nash equilibrium origin‐based taxes can be either higher or lower than the corresponding cooperative rates.
The politics of PISA: The media, policy and public responses in Norway and England
Authors: Hopfenbeck Therese N. , Görgen Kristine 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing the PISA 2015 releases in Norway and England, this article explores how PISA has been presented in the media and how the policy level has responded to the results. England will be used as an example for comparison. The article presents early media responses from the 20 most circulated daily newspapers in the two countries and discusses them in relation both to the national PISA reports in Norway and England, as well as the international report of the OECD. The media responses are further interpreted in light of previous research in both countries, with a particular focus upon Norway, where previous Ministers of Education have been interviewed about assessment policy and education reforms.
The greenscape shapes surfing of resource waves in a large migratory herbivore
Authors: Aikens Ellen O. , Kauffman Matthew J. , Merkle Jerod A. , Dwinnell Samantha P. H. , Fralick Gary L. , Monteith Kevin L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Green Wave Hypothesis posits that herbivore migration manifests in response to waves of spring green‐up (i.e. green‐wave surfing). Nonetheless, empirical support for the Green Wave Hypothesis is mixed, and a framework for understanding variation in surfing is lacking. In a population of migratory mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), 31% surfed plant phenology in spring as well as a theoretically perfect surfer, and 98% surfed better than random. Green‐wave surfing varied among individuals and was unrelated to age or energetic state. Instead, the greenscape, which we define as the order, rate and duration of green‐up along migratory routes, was the primary factor influencing surfing. Our results indicate that migratory routes are more than a link between seasonal ranges, and they provide an important, but often overlooked, foraging habitat. In addition, the spatiotemporal configuration of forage resources that propagate along migratory routes shape animal movement and presumably, energy gains during migration.
Prompting All Students to Learn: Examining Dynamic Assessment of Special Needs and Typical Students in a Prekindergarten Inclusive French Program
Authors: Regalla Michele , Peker Hilal 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examined a teacher's prompting strategies and the use of dynamic assessment (DA) in an inclusive prekindergarten French program. Prior research has shown that DA is an effective method to assess both foreign language learning and first language development for typically developing students and for students with special needs, as well as for identifying bilingual students with language impairments. Data were collected from videorecordings of class sessions, DA scores, and a questionnaire on which the French teacher reported her classroom prompting strategies and predicted students’ needs for prompting on the DA. Scores on the DA and the French teacher's predictions of student prompting needs were analyzed through independent t tests. In addition, 30 videorecordings of class sessions were analyzed for prompting strategies. The results indicated that DA can provide insights about the learning of typically developing students and special needs students in a prekindergarten French program. Although students with special needs required both more prompting and more practice time than typically developing students, all special needs students in this study were able to provide at least one second language response during the DA.
A high rate of HIV‐1 acquisition post immigration among migrants in Sweden determined by a CD4 T‐cell decline trajectory model
Authors: Brännström J , Sönnerborg A , Svedhem V , Neogi U , Marrone G 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesThere is a lack of knowledge about the extent to which migrants become HIV‐1 infected after arrival in European countries. The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which migrants to Sweden become HIV‐1 infected post immigration using a CD4 T‐cell decline trajectory model.MethodsAll migrants (n = 2268) who were ≥ 15 years old, were diagnosed with HIV‐1 infection in the period 1983−2013, had a known year of arrival in Sweden, did not have primary HIV infection and were not infected via mother‐to‐child transmission were included in the study. The CD4 T‐cell decline trajectory model was applied and estimates of HIV acquisition were compared to the clinical reports. Phylogenetic analysis was performed in a subset of patients to explore whether this would favour the model or the doctor's estimate.ResultsThe model estimated 19% of individuals to have been infected after arrival in Sweden, whereas the physician's estimate was 12%. In 79% of cases the estimates agreed. Discordance was predominantly seen when the doctor estimated HIV acquisition to have occurred before arrival in Sweden, while the model estimated it to have occurred after arrival in Sweden, and this type of discordance was seen in 10% of all patients. The probability of a discordance was greater for older patients, those with a high first CD4 T‐cell count and those infected via heterosexual transmission. The phylogenetic analysis showed a higher concordance with the CD4 model than with the clinical reports (36 vs. 13%, respectively).ConclusionsThe model indicated that a substantially higher proportion of migrants are infected after arrival in Sweden than estimated using clinical routine reports. It is therefore important to further emphasize primary preventive measures among migrants who have established themselves in their new country.
Experimental type 2 diabetes induction reduces serum vaspin, but not serum omentin, in Wistar rats
Authors: Castro Cynthia Aparecida de , da Silva Karina Ana , Buffo Marina Molina , Pinto Karina Nogueira Zambone , Duarte Fernanda de Oliveira , Nonaka Keico Okino , Aníbal Fernanda de Freitas , Duarte Ana Cláudia Garcia de Oliveira 
Published: April 2017

SummaryVaspin and omentin are adipose tissue adipokines that have often been related to obesity and its comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the behaviour of serum omentin and vaspin in models of type 2 diabetes. To do this, Wistar rats (~200 g) were randomly divided into two groups: a non‐diabetic group (n = 6) and a diabetic group fed on a high‐fat diet (n = 6) and a low dose of streptozotocin (Sigma®). All procedures were approved by the Brazilian Ethics Committee. Body weight (BW) and food intake were recorded daily. Tail blood glucose levels were assessed at the end of the diabetes induction period. The insulin tolerance test (ITT) was performed after the diabetes induction period (7 weeks). The serum and tissues (liver, pancreas, and retroperitoneal (RET), epididymal (EPI) and visceral (VIS) white adipose tissues) were immediately removed and weighed. Analyses of levels of insulin, omentin, vaspin, adiponectin and inflammatory cytokines IL‐6, IL‐8 (CXCL8), TNF‐α and C‐reactive protein (CRP) in serum were performed using the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our results showed that IL‐8 and CRP serum levels in the diabetic group were significantly higher than in the non‐diabetic group. Vaspin and adiponectin values were lower for the diabetic group than for the non‐diabetic group. Omentin, IL‐6 and TNF‐α values did not differ between the groups. Our results showed that both the metabolism of the adipose tissue and the secretion of adipokines may be affected in diabetic rats. Omentin showed no difference between the groups, although the vaspin values decreased in the diabetic group.