bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of a modified OxiTop® respirometer for laboratory composting studies
Authors: Malińska Krystyna 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This study applied a modified OxiTop® system to determine the oxygen uptake rate during a 2-day respiration test of selected composting materials at different moisture contents, air-filled porosities and composition of composting mixtures. The modification of the OxiTop® respirometer included replacement and adjustment of a glass vessel (i.e. a 1.9-L glass vessel with wide mouth was used instead of a standard 1-L glass bottle, additionally the twist-off vessel lid was adjusted to attach the measuring head) and application of a closed steel mesh cylinder of 5 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height with the open surface area of the mesh of approximately 56.2%. This modification allowed obtaining different bulk densities (and thus air-porosities) of the investigated composting materials in laboratory composting studies. The test was performed for apple pomace and composting mixtures of apple pomace with wood chips at ratios of 1:0.5, 1:1, 1:1.5 (d.w), moisture contents of 60%, 65% and 75% and air-filled porosities ranging from 46% to 1%. Due to diverse biodegradability of the investigated apple pomace and composting mixtures this test allows for the determination of the effects of different air-porosities (due to compaction in a pile) on the oxygen uptake rate for mixtures with a fixed ratio of a bulking agent. The described method allows for laboratory determination of the effects of moisture content and compaction on biodegradation dynamics during composting.
Optimization of fresh palm oil mill effluent biodegradation with Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma virens
Authors: Jalaludin Noorbaizura , Rahman Roshanida A. , Razali Firdausi , Barghash Hind F.A , Sukri Siti Sabrina Mohd 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this work, response surface optimization strategy was employed to enhance the biodegradation process of fresh palm oil mill effluent (POME) by Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma virens. A central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) were employed to study the effects of three independent variables: inoculum size (%), agitation rate (rpm) and temperature (°C) on the biodegradation processes and production of biosolids enriched with fungal biomass protein. The results achieved using A. niger were compared to those obtained using T. virens. The optimal conditions for the biodegradation processes in terms of total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), specific resistance to filtration (SRF) and production of biosolids enriched with fungal biomass protein in fresh POME treated with A. niger and T. virens have been predicted by multiple response optimization and verified experimentally at 19% (v/v) inoculum size, 100 rpm, 30.2°C and 5% (v/v) inoculum size, 100 rpm, 33.3°C respectively. As disclosed by ANOVA and response surface plots, the effects of inoculum size and agitation rate on fresh POME treatment process by both fungal strains were significant.
Investigation of the Acoustic Properties of Viscosity Standards
Authors: Kazys Rymantas , Voleisis Algirdas , Sliteris Reimondas 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLongitudinal and shear ultrasonic wave velocities were measured versus temperature in the viscosity standards of Paragon S8000S, N30000S and Cannon N2700000. The measurements were performed by the through-transmission method at the frequency of 2 MHz. Ultrasonic pulses were sent via polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) waveguides between the tips of which a small amount of the particular standard liquid was placed. The velocities of longitudinal and shear waves were determined to depend on the viscosity of the liquid and increase with the viscosity.
The Effect of the Cavity Damping on Vehicular Evaluation using the Finite Element Method
Authors: Ferreira Tiago S. , Magalhães Pedro A. , Moura Frederico L. , Ferreira Timoteo S. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
This work focuses on finding a numerical solution for vehicle acoustic studies and improving the usefulness of the numerical experimental parameters for the development stage of a new automotive project. Specifically, this research addresses the importance of modal cavity damping for vehicle exerts during numerical studies. It then seeks to suggest standardized parameter values of modal cavity damping in vehicular acoustic studies.
The standardized value of modal cavity damping is of great importance for the study of vehicular acoustics in the automotive industry because it would allow the industry to begin studies of the acoustic performance of a new vehicle early in the conception phase with a reliable estimation that would be close to the final value measured in the design phase. It is common for the automotive industry to achieve good levels of numerical-experimental correlation in acoustic studies after the prototyping phase because this phase can be studied with feedback from the simulation and experimental modal parameters.
Thus, this research suggests values for modal cavity damping, which are divided into two parts due to their behaviour: ξ(x) = −0.0126(x − 100) + 6.15 as a variable function to analyse up to 100 Hz and 6.15% of modal cavity damping constant for studies between 30 Hz and 100 Hz.
The sequence of this study shows how we arrived at these values.
A Step Forward in the Harmonization of European Jurisdiction: Regulation Brussels I Recast
Authors: Hamed Alavi , Tatsiana Khamichonak 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The Brussels regime is a legislative framework that regulates questions of transnational litigation in the European Union. Having been initially shaped upon negotiation of the 1968 Brussels Convention, it has been subsequently superseded and expanded in scope by the Brussels I Regulation on jurisdiction and the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters, alongside other instruments addressing specific areas of law. Recently, the Brussels regime has been amended by the Recast Brussels I Regulation, which entered into force on January 15, 2015, bringing about significant and long-awaited change. Addressing the experience of application of its predecessors, the changes in the Recast Regulation have been introduced to the treatment of choice-of-court agreements and their relationship with the lis pendens doctrine, abolition of exequatur, reaffirmation and clarification of the arbitration exclusion, as well as further minor amendments.
Localization results for the non-truncated max-product sampling operators based on Fejér and sinc-type kernels
Authors: Coroianu Lucian , Gal Sorin G. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this paper, we obtain strong localization results and local direct results in the approximation of continuous functions by the non-truncated max-product sampling operators based on Fejér and sinc (Wittaker)-type kernels. These operators present potential applications in signal theory.
Silviculture, production potential and ecological effects of Grand fir (Abies grandis/Douglas ex D. Don/Lindl.) in the Czech Republic – review
Authors: Fulín Martin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe grand fir (Abies grandis/Douglas ex D. Don/Lindl.) is a promising species with a high potential to fulfil many forest functions, mainly production, site improvement and landscaping functions. The aim of the presented study is to summarise the research results concerning the silviculture of this species, production capacity and environmental effects in the conditions of the Czech Republic. Despite its relatively small reduced area, which was 1,208.59 ha in 2013 (http://eagri.cz), Grand fir shows quite high potential of producing timber convenient for specific purposes, and has a favourable effect on forest soils. At specific favourable sites it is superior also to Douglas-fir. It has a considerable potential for ornamental purposes and as a Christmas tree. Basic knowledge for its successful cultivation is available.
Broadband Microwave Amplifier Design with Lumped Elements
Authors: Şengül Metin 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study introduces a broadband microwave amplifier design that utilizes the measured scattering parameters of active devices without assuming an initial topology for the matching networks or an analytic form of the system transfer function. The algorithm can be extended to design multistage broadband microwave amplifiers. An example is given to illustrate the application of the proposed method. It was found that the proposed method provides very good initials for CAD tools to further improve amplifier performance by working on the element values.
On Gender and Apology Strategies: The Case of Arabic
Authors: Harb Mustafa Ali 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The purpose of this study is to see whether gender plays a role in the apology strategies employed by native speakers of Arabic, i.e., how Arab males and females express apologies in different situations. Data necessary for this study were collected via a Discourse Completion Task (DCT) questionnaire, incorporating 10 real-life scenarios in the form of short descriptive statements. In accordance with the Cross-Cultural Speech Act Realisation Patterns, participants’ responses(n = 20) were analysed and further classified into five distinct apology strategies: (Illocutionary Force Indicating Device (IFID), Responsibility (RESP), Explanation (EXPL), Repair (REPR), and Forbearance (FORB)). The researcher initially hypothesised that apology strategies employed by participants would exhibit more differences than similarities among native speakers of Arabic. Contrary to previously conducted research on this subject (i.e., attesting more differences), the data analysed (n = 350 apology exchanges) revealed more similarities than differences regardless of gender. In fact, no statistically significant differences were found. In addition to contributing to the current theoretical debate on gender and gender-related topics, the results of this study may entail pedagogical implications for those in direct contact with Arab learners of English as a Second Language or with speakers of Arabic in general terms.
Identification of mineralized zones in the Zardu area, Kushk SEDEX deposit (Central Iran), based on geological and multifractal modeling
Authors: Dahooei Ahmad Heidari , Afzal Peyman , Lotfi Mohammad , Jafarirad Alireza 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to delineate the different lead–zinc mineralized zones in the Zardu area of the Kushk zinc–lead stratabound SEDEX deposit, Central Iran, through concentration–volume (C–V) modeling of geological and lithogeochemical drillcore data. The geological model demonstrated that the massive sulfide and pyrite+dolomite ore types as main rock types hosting mineralization. The C–V fractal modeling used lead, zinc and iron geochemical data to outline four types of mineralized zones, which were then compared to the mineralized rock types identified in the geological model. ‘Enriched’ mineralized zones contain lead and zinc values higher than 6.93% and 19.95%, respectively, with iron values lower than 12.02%. Areas where lead and zinc values were higher than 1.58% and 5.88%, respectively, and iron grades lower than 22% are labelled “high-grade” mineralized zones, and these zones are linked to massive sulfide and pyrite+dolomite lithologies of the geological model. Weakly mineralized zones, labelled ‘low-grade’ in the C– V model have 0–0.63% lead, 0–3.16% zinc and > 30.19% iron, and are correlated to those lithological units labeled as gangue in the geological model, including shales and dolomites, pyritized dolomites. Finally, a log-ratio matrix was employed to validate the results obtained and check correlations between the geological and fractal modeling. Using this method, a high overall accuracy (OA) was confirmed for the correlation between the enriched and high-grade mineralized zones and two lithological units — the massive sulfide and pyrite+dolomite ore types.
Micro-scale hydrological field experiments in Romania
Authors: Minea Gabriel , Moroşanu Gabriela A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe paper (communication) presents an overview of hydrologic field experiments at micro-scale in Romania. In order to experimentally investigate micro (plot)-scale hydrological impact of soil erosion, the National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management founded Voineşti Experimental Basin (VES) in 1964 and the Aldeni Experimental Basins (AEB) in 1984. AEB and VES are located in the Curvature Subcarpathians. Experimental plots are organized in a double systems and have an area of 80 m
Effects of Smoking on Pegylated Interferon alpha 2a and First Generation Protease Inhibitor-based Antiviral Therapy in Naïve Patients Infected with Hepatitis C Virus Genotype 1
Authors: Zimmermann Tim , Hueppe Dietrich , Mauss Stefan , Buggisch Peter , Pfeiffer-Vornkahl Heike , Grimm Daniel , Galle Peter R. , Alshuth Ulrich 
Published: March 2016

Background & Aims: Smoking has multiple effects on factors influencing hepatitis C and antiviral therapy, including lipid metabolism, fibrosis, platelet count and adherence aspects. The aim of this analysis was to determine the impact of smoking on hepatitis C virus antiviral therapy.
Methods: Data of two cohorts of an observational multicenter study including therapy-naïve patients infected with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV) treated with dual antiviral therapy (n=7,796) with pegylated interferon alpha 2a in combination with ribavirin, or triple antiviral therapy (n=1,122) containing telaprevir or boceprevir, were analysed.
Results: In the univariate matched pair analysis of dual antiviral therapy patients (n=584), smoking was significantly associated with lower sustained viral response rates (p=0.026, OR 0.69 CI: 0.50 – 0.96). The effect of smoking on sustained viral response remained significant (p=0.028, OR 0.67 CI: 0.47 – 0.96) in the multivariate analysis when adjusting for all other baseline parameters with a significant association in the univariate analysis, i.e. diabetes, fibrosis, body mass index, transaminases and baseline viral load. Under protease inhibitors the influence of smoking on virological response did not arise.
Conclusions: Smoking has a negative impact on antiviral therapy in naïve patients infected with HCV genotype 1 independently of age, gender, history of drug use or alcoholic liver disease. The effects of smoking might be overcome by the new antiviral agents.Abbreviations: APRI: AST to platelet ratio index; DAA: direct antiviral agent; DT: dual antiviral therapy; EoTR: end of treatment response; RVR: rapid virological response; EVR: early virological response; HCV: hepatitis C virus; IFN: interferon alpha; MPA: Matched Pair Analysis; NS: non-smokers; PEG-IFN: pegylated interferon alpha 2a; PI: protease inhibitor; RBV: ribavirin; SAE: serious adverse event; SOC: standard of care; S: smokers; SVR: sustained viral response.
Duodenal Ulcer Induced by Hem-o-Lok clip after Reduced Port Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Soga Koichi , Kassai Kyoichi , Itani Kenji 
Published: March 2016

The patient was a 66-year-old woman who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap-C) secondary to chronic cholecystitis status post endoscopic choledocholithotomy 13 months previously. During surgery, Hem-o-Lok clips were used to control the cystic duct and the cystic artery. Due to the presence of extensive adhesions of the cystic duct and surrounding tissue, the surgeons had difficulty in debriding the area. Thirteen months after Lap-C, the patient underwent a screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), which demonstrated clip appearance at the inferior wall of the first part of the duodenum. In the EGD, duodenal erosions and edema were observed around the clip. We appreciated that endoscopic clip removal would be difficult because of the presence of severe adhesions and inflammation of the duodenal bulb. On clinical examination of the patient, no major abnormalities or physical findings were noted. Therefore, we decided not to attempt to remove the clip. The patient was treated with an oral proton pump inhibitor to prevent extensive duodenal mucosal injury. Two months later, we repeated the EGD, which revealed that the clip was no longer present, and the duodenum was covered with normal mucosa surrounding the scar.
Abbreviations: EGD: esophagogastroduodenoscopy; Lap-C: laparoscopic cholecystectomy; PPI: proton pump inhibitor.
A necessidade da substituição processual, os direitos sociais e o Ministério Público
Authors: Silva Sergio da , Ritzmann Gilmara Guimarâes , Silva Adriana Almeida Ferreira da , Braga Juliana De Mattos 
Published: March 2016

Este estudo crítico busca analisar os aspectos institucionais da legitimidade extraordinária do Ministério Público como substituto processual civil na busca da efetivação dos direitos indisponíveis e na legislação vigente e no projeto do novo Código de Processo Civil. O presente trabalho analisará a legitimidade do Parquet em propor ações coletivas individuais homogenias e individuais, abordará as ações individuas como as ações de Investigações de Paternidade, a possibilidade de ações coletivas dos contribuintes. Sempre ressaltando as problemáticas doutrinarias e jurisprudenciais em relação a uma falta de atitude mais enérgica quanto à efetivação dos direitos fundamentais do mínimo existencial para a população brasileira.
Onde mora o “perigo”: a possível contribuição da Escola de Louvain para (mais) uma criminologia crítica / Where the “danger” lies: the possible contribution of Louvain School for another critical criminology
Authors: Cappi Riccardo 
Published: March 2016

Temos aqui uma oportunidade para apresentar uma vertente pouco conhecida da criminologia contemporânea, ilustrada pelos trabalhos de Christian Debuyst, da Escola de Criminologia de Louvain (Bélgica). Tentando evitar as armadilhas do reducionismo encontradas na criminologia tradicional, propomos uma leitura complexa das respostas estatais, pautada na análise das diversas « maneiras de ver » os problemas e seus protagonistas. Abordamos, portanto, a questão da observação e da definição das situações, entendendo que esta nos remete ao problema do conhecimento: este sempre será sempre parcial, porque produzido por meio de grades de leitura, afetivamente preconcebidas, que deformam e operam seletivamente sobre a realidade observada. Assim, utilizamos esta ferramenta de analise para decompor e condenar aquelas leituras que percebem a juventude negra das “periferias” através de um prisma que só permite enxergá-la de forma desumanizada, como perigosa e amedrontadora, a ponto de justificar respostas estatais autoritárias de cunho repressivo e eliminatório. Sustentamos, enfim, a adoção de uma perspectiva criminológica que multiplica as facetas de observação crítica, propiciando a análise da complexidade das situações e à produção de respostas estatais pautadas na ética de enfrentamento à injustiça e às desigualdades.
Criminologia e prisões: interesses no campo dos direitos humanos / Criminology and prisons : interest in the field of human rights
Authors: Rudnicki Dani 
Published: March 2016

A criminologia deveria ser uma ciência autônoma, mas, percebe-se, tornou-se praticamente um ramo do direito e, por ser domínio dos juristas, parece se contaminar com o “totem jurídico”, ser tão conservadora quanto o próprio campo jurídico. Se os clássicos estrangeiros (Rusche e Kirchheimer, Foucault, Goffman e Becker) propunham novas leituras sobre a transgressão, o crime e a punição/tratamento oferecida à pessoa selecionada pelo sistema penal, no Brasil também existiu uma leitura crítica da criminologia, promovida, entre outros, por Roberto Lyra Filho, Juarez Cirino dos Santos, Jacinto Coutinho, Nilo Batista e Vera Regina Pereira de Andrade, interessada em propor a defesa dos direitos humanos. No entanto, a queda do Muro de Berlim e a necessidade de busca de novos referenciais parecem ainda não ter contaminado esse pensamento criminológico e influenciado os novos criminólogos críticos pátrios. Se os sociólogos migraram para o estudo da violência, os juristas permanecem vinculados a ideias que se mostravam relevantes, mas que devem, agora, ser questionadas. Assim, por exemplo, no que tange à “questão penitenciária”, não basta denunciá-la falida, há de se buscar a compreensão das razões de sua sobrevivência. E, neste sentido, é consenso que a justiça criminal, a polícia, a prisão e a delinquência são peças de um sistema maior no qual a economia é o elemento mais relevante a ser considerado para sua compreensão. Mas, como se organiza e (se) percebe a prisão no Brasil? Conceitos como os de “sistemas de produção”, “suplício”, “poder”, “disciplina” são suficientes para explicar nossa realidade neste novo século? Diz-se que prisões, escolas, fábricas e quarteis são instituições que constroem “corpos dóceis”, isso permanece sendo realidade? É ou foi realidade no modelo de aprisionamento brasileiro passado e atual? Os relatórios finais das três Comissões Parlamentares de Inquérito criadas pela Câmara dos Deputados, nos anos de 1976, 1993 e 2008, parecem ser documentos interessantes para compreender a situação, bem como os produzidos no âmbito da representação que estabeleceu disputa entre a Associação de Juízes do Rio Grande do Sul e ONGs contra o governo brasileiro na Corte Interamericana de Direitos Humanos, a respeito do Presídio Central de Porto Alegre, dito “o pior do país”. Apesar de serem documentos oficiais, os dois últimos escritos com clara influência da criminologia crítica, se mostram, ao final, extremamente representativos de um pensamento conservador, comprometido com o status quo. Culpa, talvez, da dificuldade de se conhecer o que seja de fato a criminologia crítica, do desconhecimento da realidade penitenciária ou, simplesmente, resultado de compromissos políticos gestados no interior do campo jurídico e que ultrapassam o interesse pela defesa dos direitos humanos.
Un defi pour l´epistemologie juridique : les diverses formes d´encadrement de la compensation dans la protection juridique de l´environnement / A challenge to the epistemology juridique: the various forms of compensation in the legal protection of the...
Authors: Lima Gabriela Garcia Batista 
Published: March 2016

Il s´agit d´une analyse sur quels outils en théorie du droit peuvent aider dans l´analyse de la compensation comme un outil d´adaptation dans la protection juridique de l´environnement. C´est un défi épistemologique, lorsque la compentation peut être encadré dans une variété de formes, dans le droit national, international et en tant qu´un marché. Une telle variété exige un élargissement de la vision du droit étatique. L´analyse présente d’abord la variété de formes pour la compensation, pour, ensuite, voir comment le pluralisme juridique, l´analyse économique et les concepts de corégulation et autorégulation peuvent être utiles pour son étude juridique.
System pomiaru zrównoważonego rozwoju w Unii Europejskiej
Authors: Urbaniec Maria 
Published: March 2016

Wskaźniki zrównoważonego rozwoju stanowią podstawowe narzędzie monitoringu Strategii Zrównoważonego Rozwoju Unii Europejskiej. Celem artykułu jest zatem wskazanie strategicznych uwarunkowań dotyczących monitorowania zrównoważonego rozwoju oraz ocena obecnego systemu wskaźników służących do monitorowania europejskiej Strategii Zrównoważonego Rozwoju. W oparciu o dane statystyczne, pozytywny trend można zaobserwować jedynie w przypadku wskaźników głównych, dotyczących obszarów: „zmiany demograficzne”, a także „zmiany klimatu oraz energia”, natomiast brak wyraźnej poprawy w kierunku bardziej zrównoważonego rozwoju pokazuje wskaźnik główny z obszaru „włączenie społeczne”. Metodologia monitorowania i ciągła aktualizacja zbioru danych na poziomie UE stwarza nowe wyzwania dla rozwoju nowych wskaźników. Przedstawione wyniki wskazują na konieczność dalszego doskonalenia pomiaru i kontroli rezultatów zastosowanych działań.