bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of acetic acid fermentation product and its components on defense signaling in rice
Authors: Abe Koharu , Mori Manae , Nakayama Akira 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Acetic acid fermentation product made from isomalto-oligosaccharide as the main raw material is composed of isomalto-oligosaccharide and acetic acid. In this paper, we have shown that the fermentation product enhanced the expression of disease resistance genes in rice, and that its main functional component was acetic acid. It has been reported so far that acetic acid enhances the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, while the role of isomalto-oligosaccharide in plant defense signaling remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the possibility that isomalto-oligosaccharide shifted part of the jasmonic acid signaling pathway, which is enhanced by acetic acid, to the salicylic acid signaling pathway, which is the other major defense pathway. Furthermore, glucose, a constituent monosaccharide of isomalto-oligosaccharide, and a disaccharide maltose had little effect on the signaling pathway, but a trisaccharide maltotriose tended to have a similar effect to isomalto-oligosaccharide on the defense signaling pathway.
Noradrenergic modulation of saccades in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Orlando Isabella F , Hezemans Frank H , Ye Rong , Murley Alexander G , Holland Negin , Regenthal Ralf , Barker Roger A , Williams-Gray Caroline H , Passamonti Luca , Robbins Trevor W , Rowe James B , O’Callaghan Claire 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Noradrenaline is a powerful modulator of cognitive processes, including action decisions underlying saccadic control. Changes in saccadic eye movements are common across neurodegenerative diseases of ageing, including Parkinson’s disease. With growing interest in noradrenergic treatment potential for non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease, the temporal precision of oculomotor function is advantageous to assess the effects of this modulation. Here, we studied the effect of 40 mg atomoxetine, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor, in 19 people with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease using a single dose, randomized double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled design. Twenty-five healthy adult participants completed the assessments to provide normative data. Participants performed prosaccade and antisaccade tasks. The latency, velocity and accuracy of saccades, and resting pupil diameter, were measured. Increased pupil diameter on the drug confirmed its expected effect on the locus coeruleus ascending arousal system. Atomoxetine altered key aspects of saccade performance: prosaccade latencies were faster and the saccadic main sequence was normalized. These changes were accompanied by increased antisaccade error rates on the drug. Together, these findings suggest a shift in the speed-accuracy trade-off for visuomotor decisions in response to noradrenergic treatment. Our results provide new evidence to substantiate a role for noradrenergic modulation of saccades, and based on known circuitry, we advance the hypothesis that this reflects modulation at the level of the locus coeruleus–superior colliculus pathway. Given the potential for noradrenergic treatment of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and related conditions, the oculomotor system can support the assessment of cognitive effects without limb-motor confounds on task performance.
Graph neural network based phishing account detection in Ethereum
Authors: Ratra Siftee , Ghosh Mohona , Baliyan Niyati , Rashmitha Mohan Jinka , Singh Sanjana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In recent years, the widespread adoption of Ethereum-based transactions, such as cryptocurrencies and blockchain technologies, have revolutionized the way financial transactions are conducted. These decentralized and transparent systems offer numerous advantages, including enhanced security, immutability, and reduced transaction costs. However, alongside their benefits, Ethereum-based transactions have also attracted the attention of malicious actors seeking to exploit unsuspecting users through phishing scams. Phishing scams have thus become frequent in this scenario. Therefore, it is required to implement an effective and reliable phishing scam detection method. In this paper, we present the implementation of a highly efficient detection method by carrying out a graph-like data network formation, over which we then apply models that are based on graph neural networks like Magnet Link Prediction and Graph AutoEncoder Pathfinder Discovery Network Algorithm (GAE_PDNA). This helps in extracting useful information from the nodes of the graph. After relevant embeddings have been obtained, the classification of the phishing account is performed using AdaBoost classifier that helps in complex decision-making and detects the accounts related to the phishing scams. Our best model attains a precision of 0.99 and an F1 score of 0.99.

Highlights
Do DanGer-SHOCK-like patients benefit from VA-ECMO treatment in infarct-related cardiogenic shock? results of an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Zeymer Uwe , Freund Anne , Hochadel Matthias , Ostadal Petr , Belohlavek Jan , Massberg Steffen , Brunner Stefan , Flather Marcus , Adlam David , Hassager Christian , Moeller Jacob E , Schneider Steffen , Desch Steffen , Thiele Holger 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
In a recent meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials, routine use of veno-arterial ECMO (VA-ECMO) did not improve outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction-related cardiogenic shock (AMI-CS), while a microaxial flow pump reduced mortality in a selected group of patients with AMI-CS in the DanGer-Shock trial.

Methods and results
Individual patient data of patients included in four randomized clinical trials investigating the routine use of VA-ECMO in AMI-CS were centrally analysed. For the purpose of this sub-analysis, DanGer-Shock-like patients were analysed (STEMI only, presumed low likelihood of brain injury). The primary endpoint was 180-day all-cause mortality. A total of 202 patients (106 randomized to VA-ECMO and 96 to control) were included. There were no differences in baseline characteristics, angiographic and interventional features between the two groups. Mortality after 6 months was numerically lower with VA-ECMO between the groups [45% in VA-ECMO group vs. 51% in control group; hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.56–1.26], while major bleeding (OR, 2.24; 95% CI, 1.08–4.64) and peripheral vascular complications (OR, 3.65; 95% CI, 1.15–11.56) were increased with the use of VA-ECMO.

Conclusion
In this exploratory subgroup analysis in patients with CS, STEMI, and a low likelihood of brain injury, there was no mortality benefit with the routine use of VA-ECMO. However, as indicated by the large confidence intervals, the statistical power was limited to draw definite conclusions.
Challenges in diagnosis and management of aortobronchial fistula: a case report
Authors: Abaydi Mohamed Hamza , Dhimene Safae , Ech-chenbouli Amine , El Boussaadani Badre , Raissuni Zainab 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Aortobronchial fistulas (ABFs) are rare but potentially life-threatening conditions, often presenting with haemoptysis. They can develop following various thoracic aortic conditions or procedures.

Case Presentation
A 70-year-old patient with a history of descending aorta replacement and ischaemic stroke presented with chest pain and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Imaging revealed a fistula between the aortic prosthesis and the lung, along with other cardiovascular abnormalities. Despite the indication for anticoagulant therapy, tranexamic acid was initiated due to bleeding risk. The patient showed clinical improvement with tranexamic acid treatment but experienced recurrence of bleeding after discontinuation. Endovascular treatment for the contained rupture at the proximal stent anastomosis was indicated.

Discussion
Haemoptysis is the primary symptom of ABFs, often recurring until the fistula enlarges. Postoperative aortic fistulas into the airways are uncommon and can occur years after surgery. Thoracic endovascular aortic repair has become the primary treatment for high-risk patients with thoracic aortic disease. Various diagnostic modalities can visualize a fistula tract, but practical visualization is rare. Untreated ABFs invariably lead to death.

Conclusion
This case highlights the challenges in diagnosing and managing ABFs, emphasizing the need for a multidisciplinary approach and regular follow-up. Patient education and prompt reporting of symptoms are essential. Early intervention upon suspicion of recurrence is crucial for optimizing patient outcomes.
Blood culture-negative Haemophilus endocarditis with large vegetation and the role of bronchoalveolar lavage: a case report
Authors: Pant Samaksha , Colombier Sébastien , Lambert Nadège , Delay Dominique , Girod Grégoire 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Blood culture-negative endocarditis (BCNE) is a significant condition associated with cardiac vegetation. It often occurs alongside sepsis, auto-immune diseases, or malignancies, posing a risk of vegetation and embolization. Notable pathogens include Haemophilus species, Cardiobacterium hominis, Eikenella corrodens, and Kingella species.

Case summary
A 60-year-old white male Belgian patient presented with worsening dyspnoea. His recent medical history included chronic infections over the past 6 months. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed severe aortic stenosis with an 18 × 12 mm vegetation. Despite normal inflammatory markers and negative blood tests, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with computed tomography excluded malignancy but identified multiple bilateral septic lung emboli. Sputum cultures and tuberculosis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were negative. Facing the high risk of cardiac embolization and the need for aortic valve replacement, surgery was scheduled with an intraoperative bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) to investigate the lung lesions. Intraoperative findings confirmed valvular lesions, and a biological aortic valve was successfully implanted. The post-operative course was uneventful. Aortic valve cultures and eubacterial PCR results were negative, but BAL cultures were positive for Haemophilus influenzae, indicating a chronic infection. The patient showed favourable progress at 6 months post-surgery with ongoing antibiotherapy.

Discussion
This case illustrates a rare BCNE associated with large vegetation and symptomatic H. influenzae chronic respiratory tract colonization (CRTC). For BCNE cases with negative sputum cultures and suspected bacterial CRTC, we recommend performing BAL cultures for accurate diagnosis.
Effects of beta-blockers on quality of life and well-being in patients with myocardial infarction and preserved left ventricular function—a prespecified substudy from REDUCE-AMI
Authors: Mars Katarina , Humphries Sophia , Leissner Philip , Jonsson Martin , Karlström Patric , Lauermann Jörg , Alfredsson Joakim , Kellerth Thomas , Ravn-Fischer Annica , Erlinge David , Lindahl Bertil , Yndigegn Troels , Jernberg Tomas , Held Claes , Olsson Erik M G , Hofmann Robin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
In the Randomized Evaluation of Decreased Usage of Beta-Blockers after Acute Myocardial Infarction (REDUCE-AMI) study, long-term beta-blocker use in patients after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction demonstrated no effect on death or cardiovascular outcomes. The aim of this prespecified substudy was to investigate effects of beta-blockers on self-reported quality of life and well-being.

Methods and results
From this parallel-group, open-label, registry-based randomized clinical trial, EQ-5D, and World Health Organization well-being index-5 (WHO-5) questionnaires were obtained at 6–10 weeks and 11–13 months after AMI in 4080 and 806 patients, respectively. We report results from intention-to-treat and on-treatment analyses for the overall population and relevant subgroups using Wilcoxon rank sum test and adjusted ordinal regression analyses. Of the 4080 individuals reporting EQ-5D (median age 64 years, 22% female), 2023 were randomized to beta-blockers. The main outcome, median EQ-5D index score, was 0.94 [interquartile range (IQR) 0.88, 0.97] in the beta-blocker group, and 0.94 (IQR 0.88, 0.97) in the no-beta-blocker group 6–10 weeks after AMI, OR 1.00 [95% CI 0.89–1.13; P &gt; 0.9]. After 11–13 months, results remained unchanged. Findings were robust in on-treatment analyses and across relevant subgroups. Secondary outcomes, EQ-VAS and WHO-5 index score, confirmed these results.

Conclusion
Among patients after AMI with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction, self-reported quality of life and well-being was not significantly different in individuals randomized to routine long-term beta-blocker therapy as compared to individuals with no beta-blocker use. These results appear consistent regardless of adherence to randomized treatment and across subgroups which emphasizes the need for a careful individual risk-benefit evaluation prior to initiation of beta-blocker treatment.
The incidence of atrial fibrillation detected by implantable loop recorders: a comparison between patients with and without embolic stroke of undetermined source
Authors: Chousou Panagiota A , Chattopadhyay Rahul K , Matthews Gareth , Clark Allan , Vassiliou Vassilios S , Pugh Peter J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Stroke is the most debilitating outcome of atrial fibrillation (AF). The use of implantable loop recorders increases the detection of AF episodes among patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source. The significance of device-detected AF, or subclinical AF, is unknown. This study aimed to compare the incidence of AF detected by implantable loop recorder in patients with and without embolic stroke of undetermined source.

Methods and results
We retrospectively studied all patients without known AF who were referred to our institution for implantable loop recorder implantation following embolic stroke of undetermined source, syncope, or palpitations from March 2009 to November 2019. The primary endpoint was any detection of AF or atrial flutter by implantable loop recorder. Seven hundred and fifty patients were included and followed up for a mean duration of 731 days (SD 443). An implantable loop recorder was implanted following embolic stroke of undetermined source in 323 and for assessment of syncope, palpitations, or another reason in 427 patients. The incidence of AF was significantly (P &lt; 0.001) higher among patients with embolic stroke of undetermined source compared with the non-embolic stroke of undetermined source group; 48.6% vs. 13.8% (for any duration of AF) and 32.2% vs. 12.4% (for AF lasting ≥30 s) both P &lt; 0.001. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed significantly higher incidence of AF for incremental durations of AF up to &gt;5.5 h, but not &gt;24 h. This was driven by longest AF durations of &lt;6 min and between 5.5 h and 24 h, suggesting a bimodal distribution. In a multivariable Cox regression analysis, embolic stroke of undetermined source independently conferred an almost 5-fold increase in the hazard for any duration of AF.

Conclusion
The incidence of AF is significantly higher amongst embolic stroke of undetermined source vs. non-embolic stroke of undetermined source patients monitored constantly by an implantable loop recorder. A high number of embolic stroke of undetermined source survivors have short-duration AF episodes. Further work is needed to determine the optimal treatment strategy of these AF episodes in embolic stroke of undetermined source.
A decade of follow-up: atrial fibrillation, pulmonary pressure, and the progression of tricuspid regurgitation
Authors: Loutati Ranel , Katz Asaf , Segev Amit , Kuperstein Rafael , Sabbag Avi , Maor Elad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and aims
Long-term data on atrial fibrillation (AF) impact on tricuspid regurgitation (TR) progression and its relation to pulmonary pressure are scant. We investigated this association in a study spanning over a decade.

Methods and results
Adults with echocardiographic evaluation before 2014, free of significant TR, were included. Patients were dichotomized by baseline AF, followed by stratification according to systolic pulmonary artery pressure (sPAP). The development of new significant TR and its impact on mortality were studied. Study population included 21 502 patients (median age 65, 40% female), 13% had baseline AF. During a median follow-up of 12 years, 11% developed significant TR. Compared with patients free of AF, patients with baseline AF were 3.5 and 1.3 times more likely to develop significant TR in univariate and multivariate models, respectively (95% CI 3.27–3.91, 1.18–1.44, P &lt; 0.001 for both). The risk of TR progression was higher in patients with permanent AF and those treated with rate control strategy (hazard ratio 1.95 and 2.01, respectively; P &lt; 0.001 for both). The association of AF with TR progression was sPAP-related, being more pronounced among patients with normal sPAP than among those with elevated sPAP (HR 1.5 vs. 1.18; P for interaction &lt;0.001). TR progression was independently linked to a two-fold higher mortality risk, consistent regardless of baseline AF (P &lt; 0.001).

Conclusion
AF is an independent predictor of TR progression, especially in patients with normal sPAP. Subsequent research on strategies to prevent TR progression in this patient population is warranted.
Infective endocarditis with or without congenital heart disease: clinical features and outcomes
Authors: Havers-Borgersen Eva , Østergaard Lauge , Holgersson Christine Kjærsgaard , Stahl Anna , Schmidt Michael Rahbek , Smerup Morten , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) form a high-risk subgroup for infective endocarditis (IE), necessitating tailored prevention and treatment strategies. However, comprehensive nationwide data comparing IE characteristics and outcomes in patients with and without CHD, including children, are sparse. This study aims to address this gap in knowledge.

Methods
Using Danish nationwide registries, all patients with IE from 1977 to 2021 were identified and stratified on whether they had a diagnosis of CHD, regardless of its complexity. Characteristics prior to and during admission as well as associated outcomes (i.e. in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality, and 10-year mortality, and IE recurrence) were compared between groups.

Results
In total, 14 040 patients with IE were identified, including 895 (6.4%) with CHD. Patients with vs. without CHD were younger at the time of IE diagnosis (median age 38.8 vs. 70.7 years), less comorbid, and more frequently underwent cardiac surgery during admission (35.7% vs. 23.0%, P &lt; .001). Notably, 76% of patients with IE &lt; 18 years of age had CHD. The IE-related bacteraemia differed between groups: Streptococci (29.9%) were the most common in patients with CHD, and Staphylococcus aureus (29.9%) in patients without CHD. Patients with CHD had a significantly lower cumulative incidence of in-hospital mortality (5.7% vs. 17.0%, P &lt; .001) and 1-year mortality (9.9% vs. 31.8%, P &lt; .001) compared with those without CHD. The 10-year cumulative incidence of IE recurrence was similar between groups (13.0% and 13.9%, P = .61).

Conclusions
Patients with CHD who develop IE exhibit distinct characteristics and improved long-term outcomes compared with patients without CHD. Notably, the majority of children and adolescents with IE have underlying CHD.
Semaglutide and blood pressure: an individual patient data meta-analysis
Authors: Kennedy Cormac , Hayes Peter , Cicero Arrigo F G , Dobner Stephan , Le Roux Carel W , McEvoy John W , Zgaga Lina , Hennessy Martina 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing semaglutide reported reductions of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in trial populations with baseline blood pressure in the normotensive range. This study aimed to determine whether this SBP reduction is greater in hypertensive groups.

Methods
Individual patient data (IPD) from three RCTs examining the effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on body weight over 68 weeks were included. Trial participants were categorized according to a hypertension diagnosis, treatment or baseline measurement (HTN), baseline SBP &gt; 130 mmHg (HTN130) or &gt;140 mmHg (HTN140), and those with apparent resistant hypertension (RH). The primary analysis compared the in-trial change in SBP in the semaglutide and placebo arms. Alterations of anti-hypertensive medications were quantified by treatment intensity score and compared between arms. These analyses were performed using analysis of covariance.

Results
Overall, 3136 participants were included. The difference in SBP change between the treatment (n = 2109) and placebo (n = 1027) groups was −4.95 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) −5.86 to −4.05] overall. This difference was −4.78 mmHg (95% CI −5.97 to −3.59) for HTN, −4.93 mmHg (95% CI −6.75 to −3.11) for HTN130, −4.09 mmHg (95% CI −7.12 to −1.06) for HTN140, and −3.16 mmHg (95% CI −8.69–2.37) for RH. Reduction in SBP was mediated substantially by weight loss. The anti-hypertensive treatment intensity score decreased for those on semaglutide compared to placebo (−0.51; 95% CI −0.71 to −0.32).

Conclusions
This IPD analysis of three large RCTs found blood pressure reductions with semaglutide in participants with hypertension that were similar to those seen in all trial participants. This finding may in part be due to concurrent reductions to anti-hypertensive medications. These results suggest that semaglutide is a useful adjunctive treatment for patients with hypertension and obesity.