bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sex‐specific repeatabilities and effects of relatedness and mating status on copulation duration in an acridid grasshopper
Authors: Haneke‐Reinders Michael , Reinhold Klaus , Schmoll Tim 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn species with direct sperm transfer, copulation duration is a crucial trait that may affect male and female reproductive success and that may vary with the quality of the mating partner. Furthermore, traits such as copulation duration represent the outcome of behavioral interactions between the sexes, for which it is important—but often difficult—to determine which sex is in phenotypic control. Using a double‐mating protocol, we compared copulation durations between (1) virgin and nonvirgin and (2) sibling and nonsibling mating pairs in rufous grasshoppers Gomphocerippus rufus. Nonvirgin copulations took on average approximately 30% longer than virgin copulations, whereas relatedness of mating partners was not a significant predictor of copulation duration. Longer nonvirgin copulations may represent a male adaptation to sperm competition if longer copulations allow more sperm to be transferred or function as postinsemination mate guarding. The absence of differences between pairs with different degrees of relatedness suggests no precopulatory or preinsemination inbreeding avoidance mechanism has evolved in this species, perhaps because there is no inbreeding depression in this species, or because inbreeding avoidance occurs after copulation. Controlling for the effects of male and female mating status (virgin vs. nonvirgin) and relatedness (sibling vs. nonsibling), we found significant repeatabilities (R) in copulation duration for males (R = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.09–0.55) but not for females (R = 0.09; 95% CI: 0.00–0.30). Thus, copulation durations of males more strongly represent a nontransient trait expressed in a consistent manner with different mating partners, suggesting that some aspect of the male phenotype may determine copulation duration in this species. However, overlapping confidence intervals for our sex‐specific repeatability estimates indicate that higher sampling effort is required for conclusive evidence.
How spatial scale shapes the generation and management of multiple ecosystem services
Authors: Lindborg Regina , Gordon Line J. , Malinga Rebecka , Bengtsson Jan , Peterson Garry , Bommarco Riccardo , Deutsch Lisa , Gren Åsa , Rundlöf Maj , Smith Henrik G. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe spatial extent of ecological processes has consequences for the generation of ecosystem services related to them. However, management often fails to consider issues of scale when targeting ecological processes underpinning ecosystem services generation. Here, we present a framework for conceptualizing how the amount and spatial scale (here discussed in terms of extent) of management interventions alter interactions among multiple ecosystem services. First, we identify four types of responses of ecosystem service generation: linear, exponential, saturating, and sigmoid, and how these are related to the amount of management intervention at a particular spatial scale. Second, using examples from multiple ecosystem services in agricultural landscapes, we examine how the shape of these relationships can vary with the spatial scale at which the management interventions are implemented. Third, we examine the resulting scale‐dependent consequences for trade‐offs and synergies between ecosystem services as a consequence of interventions. Finally, to inform guidelines for management of multiple ecosystem services in real landscapes, we end with a discussion linking the theoretical relationships with how landscape configurations and placement of interventions can alter the scale at which synergies and trade‐offs among services occur.
Design for ground beetle abundance and diversity sampling within the National Ecological Observatory Network
Authors: Hoekman David , LeVan Katherine E. , Gibson Cara , Ball George E. , Browne Robert A. , Davidson Robert L. , Erwin Terry L. , Knisley C. Barry , LaBonte James R. , Lundgren Jonathan , Maddison David R. , Moore Wendy , Niemelä Jari , Ober Karen A. , Pearson David L. , Spence John R. , Will Kipling , Work Timothy 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) will monitor ground beetle populations across a network of broadly distributed sites because beetles are prevalent in food webs, are sensitive to abiotic factors, and have an established role as indicator species of habitat and climatic shifts. We describe the design of ground beetle population sampling in the context ofNEON's long‐term, continental‐scale monitoring program, emphasizing the sampling design, priorities, and collection methods. Freely availableNEONground beetle data and associated field and laboratory samples will increase scientific understanding of how biological communities are responding to land‐use and climate change.
Scatter‐hoarding rodents select different caching habitats for seeds with different traits
Authors: Wang Bo , Corlett Richard T. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSeed caching by scatter‐hoarding rodents is an important dispersal mechanism for many plant species, and the microhabitat of the caching site influences the quality and effectiveness of this dispersal. Shrub vegetation is a major determinant of microhabitat heterogeneity in the forest understory and influences both rodent activity and foraging behavior, and seed germination and seedling establishment. However, very few studies have investigated how shrubs affect this important mutualistic plant–animal interaction and how this is influenced by seed traits. In this study, we monitored rodent choices of caching microhabitat for 3564 artificial seeds that varied in size, nutrient content, and tannin content. By analyzing 1333 primary caches and 209 secondary caches, we showed that rodents selected different caching microhabitats for seeds with different traits. Larger and more nutritious seeds were cached in shrubs more frequently than in the open, while tannin content had no effects on the probability of seeds being cached in shrubs. Furthermore, shrub cover significantly increased the distance which seeds were transported by rodents. If these caching differences apply to natural seeds and persist through seedling establishment and subsequent growth, they could play an important role in the spatial pattern of forest regeneration.
Flow Injection Amperometric Analysis of H2O2 at Platinum Nanoparticles Modified Pencil Graphite Electrode
Authors: Karakaya Serkan , Dilgin Yusuf 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA Pt nanoparticle modified Pencil Graphite Electrode (PGE) was proposed for the electrocatalytic oxidation and non‐enzymatic determination of H2O2 in Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) system. Platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) electrochemically deposited on pretreated PGE (p.PGE) surface by recording cyclic voltammograms of 1.0 mM of H2PtCl6 solution in 0.10 M KCl at scan rate of 50 mV s−1 for 30 cycles. Cyclic voltammograms show that the oxidation peak potential of H2O2 shifts from about +700 mV at bare PGE to +50 mV at PtNPs/p.PGE vs. Ag/AgCl /KCl (sat.). It can be concluded that PtNPs/p.PGE exhibits a good electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation of H2O2. Then, FI amperometric analysis of H2O2 was performed under optimized conditions using a new homemade electrochemical flow cell which was constructed for PGE. Linear range was found as 2.5 μM to 750.0 μM H2O2 with a detection limit of 0.73 μM (based on Sb/m of 3). As a result, this study shows the first study on the FI amperometric determination of H2O2 at PtNPs/p.PGE which exhibits a simple, low cost, commercially available, disposable sensor for H2O2 detection. The proposed electrode was successfully applied to determination of H2O2 in real sample.
Controls on sand ramp formation in southern Namibia
Authors: Rowell Alex , Thomas David , Bailey Richard , Stone Abi , Garzanti Eduardo , Padoan Marta 
Published: April 2017

AbstractSand ramps have the potential to provide rich palaeoenvironmental information in dryland regions where proxy records are typically scarce. However, current knowledge of the geomorphic controls and processes of sand ramp formation is limited. This study provides a data‐rich examination of the key factors controlling sand ramp formation. The location and morphology of 75 sand ramps in southern Namibia are examined. The sediments and chronologies of 10 sand ramps are studied in detail using 51 OSL dates and 83 grain‐size and LOI samples. Heavy mineral assemblages are used to determine the provenance of 10 samples and OSL sensitivity is used to explore geomorphic processes of eight samples.Sand ramp morphology can be grouped into one of four classes of increasing size and complexity and is closely linked to the available accommodation space. Heavy mineral assemblages indicate local sediment sources and all 75 studied sand ramps are within 4 km of a large ephemeral river channel or within 5.5 km of a dune field. Therefore, accommodation space and sediment supply are identified as the primary controls of sand ramp formation. Sedimentology and OSL sensitivity suggest a complex interplay of aeolian, fluvial and colluvial processes contribute to sand ramp formation with large variability observed between ramps. Three of the ten dated sand ramps have been present in the Namibian landscape for >100 ka. Eight sand ramps show episodic deposition between >75–12 ka and five show evidence of surface reworking over the past 2 ka. Environmental sensitivity is probably linked to the size and availability of the accommodation space. Therefore, individual sand ramps are expected to reflect local environmental conditions, recording when an abundant sediment supply coincided with available accommodation space, while a regional analysis of multiple sand ramps with chronometric data offers the potential to identify larger scale palaeoenvironmental controls of sediment supply. © 2017 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Efficient message recovery proxy blind signature scheme from pairings
Authors: Verma Girraj Kumar , Singh B. B. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe recent applications of communication technology like e‐bookings, e‐shopping, e‐cash, etc. have inspired the need of delegation of signing capacity along with anonymity. A proxy blind signature scheme is a method of such delegation along with anonymity. In these signature schemes, a user can get a signature on a document of her/his choice from a proxy signer (who is signing the document on behalf of an original signer with delegated signing power) without revealing its contents. These signature schemes are mostly used by low bandwidth systems and thus small messages are signed. In this article, we introduce a proxy blind signature scheme with message recovery to shorten the message signature size. Through comparison with existing efficient proxy blind signature schemes, we show that the proposed scheme is the shortest in size and more efficient in computation cost.
Combined swept region and intersection‐based single‐material remapping method
Authors: Klima Matej , Kucharik Milan , Shashkov Mikhail 
Published: April 2017

SummaryA typical arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian algorithm consists of a Lagrangian step, where the computational mesh moves with the fluid flow; a rezoning step, where the computational mesh is smoothed and repaired in case it gets too distorted; and a remapping step, where all fluid quantities are conservatively interpolated on this new mesh. In single‐material simulations, the remapping process can be represented in a flux form, with fluxes approximated by integrating a reconstructed function over intersections of neighboring computational cells on the original and rezoned computational mesh. This algorithm is complex and computationally demanding – Therefore, a simpler approach that utilizes regions swept by the cell edges during rezoning is often used in practice. However, it has been observed that such simplification can lead to distortion of the solution symmetry, especially when the mesh movement is not bound by such symmetry.For this reason, we propose an algorithm combining both approaches in a similar way that was proposed for multi‐material remapping (two‐step hybrid remap). Intersections and exact integration are employed only in certain parts of the computational mesh, marked by a switching function – Various different criteria are presented in this paper. The swept‐based method is used elsewhere in areas that are not marked. This way, our algorithm can retain the beneficial symmetry‐preserving capabilities of intersection‐based remapping while keeping the overall computational cost moderate.
Optimisation of the TBM drive at the Boßler Tunnel using the observation method and an incremental design and contract development process
Authors: Schubert Peter , Joham Kurt , Bauer Manfred 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe 8.8 km long Boßler Tunnel was tendered in 2012 as a NATM tunnel, although a variant with a tunnel boring machine (TBM) was permitted for the first 2,800 m of the tunnel from the north side. The joint venture Tunnel Albaufstieg ATA won the contract in a negotiation process with the variant TBM for the first 2,800 m. Out of the conviction that a large part of the Boßler Tunnel should be feasible for a TBM, the ATA made an optimisation proposal, according to which extensive additional investigation should be undertaken in the preceding NATM tunnel and to demonstrate the feasibility of extended TBM operation. This concept was successively implemented, with a 55 m deep investigation shaft being sunk and a 20 m long investigation tunnel excavated. The investigations brought the hoped‐for improved estimation of the rock mass behaviour and finally convinced all those responsible for the project (client and the contractor) that a TBM drive along the entire length of the tunnel was feasible. This procedure demanded extreme flexibility from all parties involved since the design work mostly had to be undertaken at the last minute.
Intramembranous processing by γ‐secretase regulates reverse signaling of ephrin‐B2 in migration of microglia
Authors: Kemmerling Nadja , Wunderlich Patrick , Theil Sandra , Linnartz‐Gerlach Bettina , Hersch Nils , Hoffmann Bernd , Heneka Michael T. , de Strooper Bart , Neumann Harald , Walter Jochen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Eph‐ephrin system plays pivotal roles in cell adhesion and migration. The receptor‐like functions of the ephrin ligands allow the regulation of intracellular processes via reverse signaling. γ‐Secretase mediated processing of ephrin‐B has previously been linked to activation of Src, a kinase crucial for focal adhesion and podosome phosphorylation. Here, we analyzed the role of γ‐secretase in the stimulation of reverse ephrin‐B2 signaling in the migration of mouse embryonic stem cell derived microglia. The proteolytic generation of the ephrin‐B2 intracellular domain (ICD) by γ‐secretase stimulates Src and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Inhibition of γ‐secretase decreased the phosphorylation of Src and FAK, and reduced cell motility. These effects were associated with enlargement of the podosomal surface. Interestingly, expression of ephrin‐B2 ICD could rescue these effects, indicating that this proteolytic fragment mediates the activation of Src and FAK, and thereby regulates podosomal dynamics in microglial cells. Together, these results identify γ‐secretase as well as ephrin‐B2 as regulators of microglial migration.
Brain structure and organization five decades after childhood onset epilepsy
Authors: Garcia‐Ramos Camille , Bobholz Sam , Dabbs Kevin , Hermann Bruce , Joutsa Juho , Rinne Juha O. , Karrasch Mira , Prabhakaran Vivek , Shinnar Shlomo , Sillanpää Matti ,   TACOE Study Group
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this project was to characterize brain structure and organization in persons with active and remitted childhood onset epilepsy 50 years after diagnosis compared with healthy controls. Participants from a population‐based investigation of uncomplicated childhood onset epilepsy were followed up 5 decades later. Forty‐one participants had a history of childhood onset epilepsy (mean age of onset = 5.2 years, current chronological age = 56.0 years) and were compared with 48 population‐based controls (mean age = 55.9 years). Of the epilepsy participants, 8 had persisting active epilepsy and in 33 the epilepsy had remitted. All participants underwent 3T MRI with subsequent vertex analysis of cortical volume, thickness, surface area and gyral complexity. In addition, cortical and subcortical volumes, including regions of the frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital lobes, and subcortical structures including amygdala, thalamus, and hippocampus, were analyzed using graph theory techniques. There were modest group differences in traditional vertex‐based analyses of cortical volume, thickness, surface area and gyral index, as well as across volumes of subcortical structures, after correction for multiple comparisons. Graph theory analyses revealed suboptimal topological structural organization with enhanced network segregation and reduced global integration in the epilepsy participants compared with controls, these patterns significantly more extreme in the active epilepsy group. Furthermore, both groups with epilepsy presented a greater number of higher Z‐score regions in betweenness centrality (BC) than lower Z‐score regions compared with controls. Also, contrary to the group with remitted epilepsy, patients with active epilepsy presented most of their high BC Z‐score regions in subcortical areas including the amygdala, thalamus, hippocampus, pallidum, and accumbens. Overall, this population‐based investigation of long term outcome (5 decades) of childhood onset epilepsy reveals persisting abnormalities, especially when examined by graph theoretical measurements, and provides new insights into the very long‐term outcomes of active and remitted epilepsy. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3289–3299, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Systematic review of mammary analog secretory carcinoma of salivary glands at 7 years after description
Authors: Khalele Bacem A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBackgroundMammary analog secretory carcinoma of the salivary glands (MASCSG) is a newly introduced malignant tumor of the salivary glands. For decades, it has been confused with acinic cell carcinoma (ACC) of the salivary glands.MethodsAll reported cases of MASCSG were surveyed from 2010 until January 2017. The collected data was compiled and computationally processed to describe the clinical parameters of MASCSG. Its epidemiology was also mapped. Moreover, inaccurate data was highlighted.ResultsClinically implicating, this article tackles simply the several clinical findings of MASCSG so that our contemporary nosology, at 7 years after description, can be updated. The cytogenetic, histologic, and immunohistochemical details are also defined.ConclusionThe available data about MASCSG is sufficient enough to diagnose it with no need to investigate the ETV6‐NTRK3 translocation. Although high‐grade malignancy and distant metastases were rarely reported, a rapt attention should be paid both to the nature of this tumor and to the indicated close follow‐up of such cases, especially when necrosis, increased mitotic activity, and other classic caveats are conspicuous. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1243–1248, 2017
Whole transcriptome profiling of the human hippocampus suggests an involvement of the KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism in differential activation of the MAPK signaling pathway
Authors: Piras Ignazio S , Krate Jonida , Schrauwen Isabelle , Corneveaux Jason J , Serrano Geidy E , Sue Lucia , Beach Thomas G , Huentelman Matthew J 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe rs17070145‐T variant of the WWC1 gene, coding for the KIBRA protein, has been associated with both increased episodic memory performance and lowered risk for late onset Alzheimer's disease, although the mechanism behind this protective effect has not been completely elucidated. To achieve a better understanding of the pathways modulated by rs17070145 and its associated functional variant(s), we used laser capture microdissection (LCM) and RNA‐sequencing to investigate the effect of rs17070145 genotypes on whole transcriptome expression in the human hippocampus (HP) of 22 neuropathologically normal individuals, with a specific focus on the dentate gyrus (DG) and at the pyramidal cells (PC) of CA1 and CA3 sub‐regions. Differential expression analysis of RNA‐seq data within the HP based on the rs17070145 genotype revealed an overexpression of genes involved in the MAPK signaling pathway, potentially driven by the T/T genotype. The most important contribution comes from genes dysregulated within the DG region. Other genes significantly dysregulated, and not involved in the MAPK pathway (Adj P < 0.01 and Fold Change > |1.00|) were: RSPO4 (HP); ARC, DUSP5, DNAJB5, EGR4, PPP1R15A, WBP11P1, EGR1, GADD45B (DG); CH25H, HSPA1A, HSPA1B, TNFSF9, and NPAS4 (PC). Several evidences suggested that the MAPK signaling pathway is linked with memory and learning processes. In non‐neuronal cells, the KIBRA protein is phosphorylated by ERK1/2 (involved in the MAPK signaling) in cells as well as in vitro. Several of the other dysregulated genes are involved in memory and learning processes, as well as in Alzheimer's Disease. In conclusion, our results suggest that the effect of the WWC1 rs17070145 polymorphism on memory performance and Alzheimer's disease might be due to a differential regulation of the MAPK signaling, a key pathway involved in memory and learning processes.
Clonal evolution detected with conventional cytogenetic analysis is a potent prognostic factor in adult patients with relapsed AML
Authors: Shimizu Hiroaki , Yokohama Akihiko , Ishizaki Takuma , Hatsumi Nahoko , Takada Satoru , Saitoh Takayuki , Sakura Toru , Nojima Yoshihisa , Handa Hiroshi 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe retrospectively investigated 144 patients with relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to clarify predisposing factors and the prognostic impact of acquisition of additional cytogenetic abnormalities (ACA) at the first relapse. Additional cytogenetic abnormalities are recognized as clonal evolution at the cytogenetic level. Fifty‐nine patients (41%) acquired ACA at the first relapse. The incidences of ACA acquisition varied depending on cytogenetic abnormalities at initial diagnosis. Multivariate analysis identified t(8;21), complex karyotype, and a duration of fewer than 12 months of complete remission as independent predisposing factors for ACA acquisition. Notably, patients with ACA acquisition showed a significantly lower second complete remission rate compared with those without ACA acquisition (20.0% vs 72.5%, respectively, P < .001). Furthermore, the 3‐year overall survival rates after the first relapse were significantly different between patients with and without ACA acquisition (8.5% vs 36.8%, respectively, P < .001). This prognostic significance was confirmed with multivariate analysis. The hazard ratio of ACA acquisition was similar or higher than reported prognostic factors for relapsed AML patients. These findings suggested that clonal evolution detected with conventional cytogenetic analysis at the first relapse induces severe chemo‐refractory characteristics in AML cells and should be considered as a potent prognostic factor when evaluating accurate prognosis in relapsed AML patients.