bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-exothermic reaction behavior and pore structures of Ni-Al intermetallics with more than 70% porosity
Authors: Zhao Yuming , Jiao Xinyang , Gao Qing , Zhang Yu , Feng Haibing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, high-porosity Ni-Al alloys with complete shape and controllable pore structures were prepared by combining the self-exothermic reaction with the space holder method. The observations show that porous Ni-Al sintered discs appeared to melt and deform after a violent reaction without adding space holder particles. The link between the volume content of urea particles and macroscopic morphology, combustion behavior, phase composition and pore structures of porous Ni-Al compounds were studied. The space holder pores acts as a heat absorber, greatly increasing the open porosity to 76.0% when adding 50 vol% urea particles. This leachable space holder method can be an effective strategy to regulate the sample shape and pore characteristics of porous Al-containing intermetallics.
Characterization of brass mesh bolus for electron beam therapy
Authors: Lim Sara N , Sohn James J , Klawikowski Slade J , Hayes John P , Donnelly Eric , Das Indra J 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose. Bolus is often required for targets close to or on skin surface, however, standard bolus on complex surfaces can result in air gaps that compromise dosimetry. Brass mesh boluses (RPD, Inc., Albertville, MN) are designed to conform to the patient’s surface and reduce air gaps. While they have been well characterized for their use with photons, minimal characterization exists in literature for their use with electrons. Methods and materials. Dosimetric characteristics of brass mesh bolus was investigated for use with 6, 9 and 12 MeV electrons using a 10 × 10 cm2 applicator on standard multi-energy LINAC. Measurements for bolus equivalence and percentage depth doses (PDDs) under brass mesh, as well as surface dose measurements were performed on solid water and a 3D printed resin breast phantom (Anycubic Photon MonoX, Shenzhen, China) using Markus® parallel-plate ionization chamber (Model 34045, PTW Freiburg, Germany), thermoluminescent detectors (TLD) and EBRT film. After obtaining surface dose measurements, these were compared to dose calculated on the Pinnacle3 treatment planning system (TPS, 16.2, Koninklijke Philips N.V.). Results. Measurements of surface dose under brass mesh showed consistently higher dose than without bolus, confirming that brass mesh can increase the PDD at surface up to ∼ 94% of dose at dmax, depending on incident electron energy. This increase is equivalent to using ∼ 7.2 mm water equivalent bolus for 6 MeV, ∼ 3.6 mm for 9 MeV and ∼ 2.2 mm bolus for 12 MeV electrons. TPS results showed close agreement with in-vivo measurements, confirming the potential for brass mesh as bolus for electron irradiation, provided blousing effect is correctly modelled. Conclusions. To increase electron surface dose, a brass mesh can be used with equivalent effect of water-density bolus varying with electron energy. Proper implementation could allow for ease of treatment, as well as increase bolus conformality in electron-only plans.
A multi-modality and multi-granularity collaborative learning framework for identifying spatial domains and spatially variable genes
Authors: Liang Xiao , Liu Pei , Xue Li , Chen Baiyun , Liu Wei , Shi Wanwan , Wang Yongwang , Chen Xiangtao , Luo Jiawei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Motivation
Recent advances in spatial transcriptomics technologies have provided multi-modality data integrating gene expression, spatial context, and histological images. Accurately identifying spatial domains and spatially variable genes is crucial for understanding tissue structures and biological functions. However, effectively combining multi-modality data to identify spatial domains and determining SVGs closely related to these spatial domains remains a challenge.

Results
In this study, we propose spatial transcriptomics multi-modality and multi-granularity collaborative learning (spaMMCL). For detecting spatial domains, spaMMCL mitigates the adverse effects of modality bias by masking portions of gene expression data, integrates gene and image features using a shared graph convolutional network, and employs graph self-supervised learning to deal with noise from feature fusion. Simultaneously, based on the identified spatial domains, spaMMCL integrates various strategies to detect potential SVGs at different granularities, enhancing their reliability and biological significance. Experimental results demonstrate that spaMMCL substantially improves the identification of spatial domains and SVGs.

Availability and implementation
The code and data of spaMMCL are available on Github: Https://github.com/liangxiao-cs/spaMMCL.
Drivers of continuous colour variation in the Madeiran wall lizard (Teira dugesii)
Authors: Aguilar Prem , Andrade Pedro , Dellinger Thomas , Carretero Miguel Ángel , Pérez i de Lanuza Guillem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Animal coloration is often shaped by a myriad of factors that lead to differences in colour through changes in the chromatophores. Depending on how this variation is partitioned, coloration is often categorized as continuous or polymorphic. However, the boundaries between these two categories are not always clear. Here, we investigated whether the ventral coloration of the Madeiran wall lizard (Teira dugesii) varies continuously or corresponds to discrete colour morphs, via by-eye colour classification and visual modelling. By combining these two approaches, we show that T. dugesii coloration varies continuously and that colour classifications based on anthropomorphic approaches alone are ill suited to describe animal coloration. We also tested the influence of size, body condition, and sex as possible factors that might explain differences in T. dugesii coloration. We found that body condition, and especially size and sex, explain a great proportion of the variability observed in this species. These differences point to an effect of ontogeny, which might play a major role in colour development owing to the longevity of this species. Moreover, the sexual dichromatism that this species shows is indicative of an effect of sexual selection on coloration, perhaps explained by differences in circulating hormones.
Real-world evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in bullous pemphigoid: an ambispective multicentre case series
Authors: Planella-Fontanillas Nidia , Bosch-Amate Xavier , Jiménez Antón Alicia , Moreno-Vílchez Carlos , Guerrero María Gamo , Blanes Martínez María del Mar , Ballester Martínez María Asunción , Bassas-Freixas Patricia , Castaño Fernández Juan Luis , Estébanez Corrales Andrea , Suarez Fernández Ricardo , Santos Alarcón Sergio , Alonso Ana Bauzá , Torrent Marina , Ballano Ruiz Adrian , Collantes Rodríguez Cristina , España Agustín , Fonseca Capdevila Eduardo , Faure Inmaculada Gil , Hernández Fernández Carlos Pelayo , Melgosa Ramos Francisco Javier , Spertino Jorge , Zaragoza Ninet Violeta , Armillas Lucia , Bielsa Isabel , Carrera Cristina , Esquius Rafat Mireia , Fulgencio Barbarin Jon , Fernandez Vela Javier , Lova Navarro Miguel , Martín Callizo Clara , Martín-Sala Sara , Ojeda Rosa , Amer Maria Elisabet Parera , Puigdollers Anna Sánchez , Pujol Ramon M , Podlipnik Sebastian , Mascaró José Manuel , Curto-Barredo Laia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Bullous pemphigoid (BP) affects elderly individuals with multiple comorbidities, making conventional treatments unsuitable.

Objectives
Evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dupilumab in the treatment of BP.

Methods
A multicentre ambispective cohort study was conducted across 34 hospitals. Patients with BP treated with dupilumab were included. Most of the patients (97.1%) received an initial 600-mg dose followed by 300 mg every 2 weeks. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients achieving complete remission (CR) within 4 weeks, defined as an Investigator’s Global Assessment score of 0 or 1. CR at weeks 16, 24 and 52, adverse events (AEs), reductions in Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS) and systemic glucocorticoid use were also assessed.

Results
The study included 103 patients with a median age of 77.3 years; 58.3% were male. CR was achieved by 53.4% within 4 weeks and 95.7% by week 52. The PP-NRS score reduced by 70.0% by week 4 and was completely controlled by week 24. Thirteen patients presented with AEs, most of which were mild. Systemic glucocorticoid use reduced by 82.1% by week 52. Shorter disease duration and exclusive cutaneous involvement predicted better response at 16 weeks. No differences in response rates to dupilumab were observed between drug-associated BP and idiopathic cases. No significant difference in response rates was observed between patients treated with dupilumab in monotherapy and those receiving dupilumab with concomitant treatments.

Conclusions
Dupilumab is effective, rapid and safe in managing BP, reducing the need for corticosteroids and other treatments. Early initiation and exclusive skin involvement predict better outcomes.
P2Y12 receptor ligands enable design of fluorescent imaging probes for microglia
Authors: Nonaka Hiroshi , Wang Mengchu , Hamachi Itaru 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Microglia, the resident macrophages of the brain, have recently been revealed to be essential in regulating brain functions. However, there are limited methods that allow fluorescence labeling of microglia for their functional analysis. Herein, we demonstrate that a ligand for P2Y12 receptors, which is specifically expressed in microglia in the brain, can be leveraged for rational design of microglia imaging probes. Our design strategy is flexible as it can tune the fluorescence wavelength, affording new fluorescent probes of microglia.
Facilitators and barriers to perform physical activity in patients post-heart transplantation: a qualitative study
Authors: Klompstra Leonie , Perkïo Kato Naoko , Almenar-Bonet Luis , Cabanillas-García Juan Luis , Del Brío-Alonso Irene , Moreno-Segura Noemí , Sánchez-Gómez María Cruz , López-Vilella Raquel , Marques-Sule Elena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Most patients experience barriers for becoming physical active post-heart transplantation. Therefore, identifying barriers and facilitators can help healthcare professionals in developing physical activity programmes. This study aimed to explore the physical activity experiences, perceived barriers, and facilitators to perform physical activity of patients’ post-heart transplantation.

Methods and results
A qualitative study was carried out using in-depth semi-structured interviews on 24 patients post-heart transplantation from October to December 2022. The data were analysed using an inductive strategy for finding emerging themes. NVivo 12.0 software was used to analyse the data. The physical activity experiences included that (i) patients felt that they had to adapt to a new situation after the heart transplantation, (ii) walking was a popular physical activity preferably outdoors, (iii) participants preferred to perform physical activity regularly with others, and (iv) they felt better since they perform physical activity. The facilitators were: (i) desire to live; (ii) experiencing physical benefits; (iii) being physically active with others; (iv) use of mobility assistive devices resources. The barriers were: (i) feeling not being able to perform former physical activity; (ii) complications and experiencing symptoms post-heart transplantation; (iii) unfavourable climate.

Conclusion
Patients post-heart transplantation has various facilitators influencing their post-transplant experience to perform physical activity. Key facilitators include the desire to live, physical benefits, social activity, and external support. Yet, they also face barriers like lost abilities, post-transplant complications, and environmental challenges.
Consumption of aspartame and risk of breast cancer in the Nurses’ Health Studies
Authors: Romanos-Nanclares Andrea , Schernhammer Eva , Willett Walter C , Holmes Michelle D , Chen Wendy Y , Eliassen A Heather 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Debate persists regarding the potential carcinogenicity of aspartame, as suggested by experimental studies. Therefore, we prospectively evaluated whether aspartame consumption is associated with breast cancer risk in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS) and NHS II. We used Cox models to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). During nearly 30 years of follow-up, with 4 assessments of intake per year, we documented 10 814 invasive breast cancer cases. Overall, there was no association between aspartame consumption and invasive breast cancer risk (HR per 200 mg/d [approximately one 12-oz serving of diet soda] = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.98 to 1.03). We observed similar lack of associations after excluding cases occurring in the first 10 years of follow-up (n = 3125) (HR per 200 mg/d = 1.00, 95% CI = 0.97 to 1.03). In these cohorts, aspartame consumption did not increase breast cancer risk.
Networked privacy and its broader implications
Authors: Humphreys Lee , Nguyen Rosie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, we review Alice Marwick’s book, The Private is Political: Networked Privacy and Social Media, published by Yale University Press in 2023. In the book, Marwick argues that the digital nature of the social media landscape fundamentally changes contemporary notions of privacy. We trace three specific elements of her argument, namely: (1) the design of networked technologies to connect and leak, (2) the subsequent differential harms on those historically marginalized, and (3) the need to shift from individualized to more contextual and structural understandings of privacy. We discuss the implications of these arguments not just for privacy, but for expression. We describe the tensions around freedom of expressions and content moderation online. Finally, we conclude with a reflection on these arguments for academic expression given the socio-technological context in which we work and the differential harms that impact academics from historically marginalized communities. Building on Marwick’s arguments, we call for a social, contextual, and structural approach for responding to the targeted harassment of academics to protect and ensure academic freedom for all.
Presupposition Projection From ‘and’ vs. ‘or’: Experimental Data and Theoretical Implications
Authors: Kalomoiros Alexandros , Schwarz Florian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A core issue in presupposition theory concerns the potential role of linear order for projection. This paper presents experimental evidence that conjunction and disjunction differ precisely in this regard. Presuppositions project asymmetrically from conjunction: a presupposition in the first conjunct projects regardless of any information in the second conjunct that could be used to satisfy the presupposition, while a presupposition in the second conjunct can be ‘filtered’ by material in the first, so that it doesn’t project. We find no such asymmetry for disjunction, where presuppositions in both the first and the second disjunct can be filtered by information in the other disjunct. Theoretically, these results pose a challenge to traditional dynamic accounts, and also strongly argue against accounts that take all projection and filtering to be uniformly determined by linear order across connectives. Instead, they call for an account of projection that can differentiate between conjunction and disjunction by modulating the effects of linear order through proper consideration of the underlying truth conditions of each connective.
Production of mRNA lipid nanoparticles using advanced crossflow micromixing
Authors: Hussain Muattaz , Binici Burcu , O’Connor Liam , Perrie Yvonne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) play a crucial role in RNA-based therapies, and their production is generally based on nanoprecipitation and coalescence of lipids around an RNA core. This study investigated crossflow micromixing to prepare LNPs across various mixing ratios and production speeds.

Methods
A range of LNPs were prepared using crossflow micromixing across production speeds of 10–500 ml/min, and their physico-chemical characteristics (size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, and mRNA encapsulation), in vitro mRNA expression and in vitro efficacy (protein expression and antibody and cytokine responses).

Key findings
Our results demonstrate the reproducible production of mRNA–LNPs with controlled critical quality attributes, including high mRNA encapsulation from the initial screening scale through to GMP-scale production, where the same mixing ratio can be adopted across all product speeds from 30 to 500 ml/min used.

Conclusions
We confirm the applicability of stainless-steel crossflow membrane micromixing for the entire spectrum of mRNA–LNP production, ranging from initial discovery volumes to GMP-production scale.
A common femoral vein aneurysm diagnostic challenge: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Gemechu Melaku Teshale , Berhanu Dagim Leykun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Common femoral vein aneurysms are rare and they are often misdiagnosed as soft tissue masses or as hernias. In this case report, we review literature and describe a patient who presented with left inguinal mass associated with ipsilateral limb swelling. He was initially misdiagnosed as cystic adventitial disease of common femoral vein. Later, he underwent surgical exploration and found out to have common femoral vein aneurysm which was treated by aneurysmectomy and lateral venorrhaphy.
Tentative detection of cyclopropenylidene in comets
Authors: Chuang Yo-Ling , Kuan Yi-Jehng , Charnley Steven B 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the tentative detection of the ring molecule cyclopropenylidene (c-C$_3$H$_2$) in cometary comae. We observed three short-period comets: 73P/Schwassmann–Wachmann 3, 17P/Holmes, 103P Hartley 2, and two Oort Cloud comets: C/2007 N3 (Lulin) and C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) with the Arizona Radio Observatory Submillimeter Telescope (SMT) and the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We tentatively detected c-C$_3$H$_2$ in three of the comets, with molecule production rates in the range of $(0.2\!-\!3.8)\times 10^{25}$ molecules s$^{-1}$, and c-C$_3$H$_2$/H$_2$O mixing ratios of 0.01–0.19 per cent. Evidence from both the single-dish and interferometric data points to the presence of c-C$_3$H$_2$ being of a discrete transient nature and exhibiting an extended spatial distribution, indicating production from the decomposition of organic dust particles in the coma.
There is no place like home – finding birth radii of stars in the Milky Way
Authors: Lu Yuxi (Lucy) , Minchev Ivan , Buck Tobias , Khoperskov Sergey , Steinmetz Matthias , Libeskind Noam , Cescutti Gabriele , Freeman Ken C , Ratcliffe Bridget 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Stars move away from their birthplaces over time via a process known as radial migration, which blurs chemo–kinematic relations used for reconstructing the Milky Way (MW) formation history. To understand the true time evolution of the MW, one needs to take into account the effects of this process. We show that stellar birth radii can be derived directly from the data with minimum prior assumptions on the Galactic enrichment history. This is done by first recovering the time evolution of the stellar birth metallicity gradient, $\mathrm{ d}\mathrm{[Fe/H]}(R, \tau)/\mathrm{ d}R$, through its inverse relation to the metallicity range as a function of age today, allowing us to place any star with age and metallicity measurements back to its birthplace, R$_b$. Applying our method to a large high-precision data set of MW disc subgiant stars, we find a steepening of the birth metallicity gradient from 11 to 8 Gyr ago, which coincides with the time of the last massive merger, Gaia–Sausage–Enceladus (GSE). This transition appears to play a major role in shaping both the age–metallicity relation and the bimodality in the [$\alpha$/Fe]–[Fe/H] plane. By dissecting the disc into mono-R$_b$ populations, clumps in the low-[$\alpha$/Fe] sequence appear, which are not seen in the total sample and coincide in time with known star-formation bursts, possibly associated with the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy. We estimated that the Sun was born at $4.5\pm 0.4$ kpc from the Galactic centre. Our R$_b$ estimates provide the missing piece needed to recover the Milky Way formation history.
SUPREM: an engineered non-site-specific m6A RNA methyltransferase with highly improved efficiency
Authors: Ochiai Yoshiki , Clifton Ben E , Le Coz Madeleine , Terenzio Marco , Laurino Paola 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
N 6-Methyladenine (m6A) RNA methylation plays a key role in RNA processing and translational regulation, influencing both normal physiological and pathological processes. Yet, current techniques for studying RNA methylation struggle to isolate the effects of individual m6A modifications. Engineering of RNA methyltransferases (RNA MTases) could enable development of improved synthetic biology tools to manipulate RNA methylation, but it is challenging due to limited understanding of structure–function relationships in RNA MTases. Herein, using ancestral sequence reconstruction, we explore the sequence space of the bacterial DNA methyltransferase EcoGII (M.EcoGII), a promising target for protein engineering due to its lack of sequence specificity and its residual activity on RNA. We thereby created an efficient non-specific RNA MTase termed SUPer RNA EcoGII Methyltransferase (SUPREM), which exhibits 8-fold higher expression levels, 7°C higher thermostability and 12-fold greater m6A RNA methylation activity compared with M.EcoGII. Immunofluorescent staining and quantitative liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) analysis confirmed SUPREM’s higher RNA methylation activity compared with M.EcoGII in mammalian cells. Additionally, Nanopore direct RNA sequencing highlighted that SUPREM is capable of methylating a larger number of RNA methylation sites than M.EcoGII. Through phylogenetic and mutational analysis, we identified a critical residue for the enhanced RNA methylation activity of SUPREM. Collectively, our findings indicate that SUPREM holds promise as a versatile tool for in vivo RNA methylation and labeling.
Structural and functional insights into the interaction between the bacteriophage T4 DNA processing proteins gp32 and Dda
Authors: He Xiaoping , Yun Mi-Kyung , Li Zhenmei , Waddell M Brett , Nourse Amanda , Churion Kelly A , Kreuzer Kenneth N , Byrd Alicia K , White Stephen W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Bacteriophage T4 is a classic model system for studying the mechanisms of DNA processing. A key protein in T4 DNA processing is the gp32 single-stranded DNA-binding protein. gp32 has two key functions: it binds cooperatively to single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) to protect it from nucleases and remove regions of secondary structure, and it recruits proteins to initiate DNA processes including replication and repair. Dda is a T4 helicase recruited by gp32, and we purified and crystallized a gp32–Dda–ssDNA complex. The low-resolution structure revealed how the C-terminus of gp32 engages Dda. Analytical ultracentrifugation analyses were consistent with the crystal structure. An optimal Dda binding peptide from the gp32 C-terminus was identified using surface plasmon resonance. The crystal structure of the Dda–peptide complex was consistent with the corresponding interaction in the gp32–Dda–ssDNA structure. A Dda-dependent DNA unwinding assay supported the structural conclusions and confirmed that the bound gp32 sequesters the ssDNA generated by Dda. The structure of the gp32–Dda–ssDNA complex, together with the known structure of the gp32 body, reveals the entire ssDNA binding surface of gp32. gp32–Dda–ssDNA complexes in the crystal are connected by the N-terminal region of one gp32 binding to an adjacent gp32, and this provides key insights into this interaction.