bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TeamSTEPPS for health care risk managers: Improving teamwork and communication
Authors: Cooke Marcia 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundIneffective communication among the health care team is a leading cause of errors in the patient care setting. Studies assessing training related to communication and teamwork in the clinical team are prevalent, however, teamwork training at the administrative level is lacking. This includes individuals in leadership positions such as health care risk managers.PurposeThe purpose was to determine the impact of an educational intervention on the knowledge and attitudes related to communication and teamwork in the health care risk management population.MethodsThe educational intervention was an adaptation of a national teamwork training program and incorporated didactic content as well as video vignettes and small group activities. Measurement of knowledge and attitudes were used to determine the impact of the education program. Knowledge and attitudes were assessed pre‐ and postcourse.ResultsFindings indicate that teamwork education tailored to the needs of the specific audience resulted in knowledge gained and improved attitudes toward the components of teamwork. The attitudes that most significantly improved were related to team structure and situation monitoring. There was no improvement in participants’ attitudes toward leadership, mutual support, and communication.ConclusionTeam training has been shown to improve safety culture, patient satisfaction, and clinical outcomes. Including risk managers in training on teamwork, communication, and collaboration can serve to foster a common language among clinicians and management. In addition, a measurement related to implementation in the health care setting may yield insight into the impact of training. Qualitative measurement may allow the researcher to delve deeper into how these health care facilities are using team training interventions.
Effects of in vitro fermentation of barley β‐glucan and sugar beet pectin using human fecal inocula on cytokine expression by dendritic cells
Authors: Rösch Christiane , Taverne Nico , Venema Koen , Gruppen Harry , Wells Jerry M. , Schols Henk A. 
Published: July 2016

ScopeThis study simulates the fermentation process of barley β‐glucan and sugar beet pectin in the human colon and monitors the degradation products formed. Additionally, immune effects of the degradation products were investigated.Methods and resultsImmunostimulatory activity of fermentation digesta was investigated using bone marrow derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) from toll‐like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) knockout mice, which were unresponsive to microbe‐associated molecular patterns. Cytokine responses were elicited to dietary fibers and not to the SCFA and microbiota. The fermentation digesta were analyzed for their SCFA profiles and glycan metabolites over time. During fermentation the amount of insoluble precipitating fibers increased and induced as well as soluble molecules of lower molecular mass greater amounts of cytokines in BMDCs than the parental fiber. Additionally, high amounts of cytokines can be attributed to soluble galactose‐rich beet pectin molecules.ConclusionsThe fermentation of the two fibers led to fiber‐specific amounts of SCFA, glycosidic metabolites, and different immunomodulatory properties. BMDC from TLR2/4 knockout mice did not respond to the digest microbiota and SCFA, making it a useful approach to study temporal effects of fermentation on the immunomodulatory effects of fibers.
Premature physeal closure following 13‐cis‐retinoic acid and prolonged fenretinide administration in neuroblastoma
Authors: Steineck Angela , MacKenzie John D. , Twist Clare J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRetinoid therapy has contributed to improved outcomes in neuroblastoma. Clinical trials of fenretinide report favorable toxicity and disease stabilization in patients with high risk (HR) neuroblastoma. Skeletal effects have been described with other retinoids, but not with fenretinide to date. Two patients with HR, metastatic, refractory neuroblastoma received protracted courses of oral fenretinide for more than 5 years’ duration. Both developed premature long bone physeal closure, causing limb length discrepancies; their neuroblastoma remains in remission. The radiographic and clinical findings reported suggest these skeletal abnormalities may be a consequence of treatment with 13‐cis‐retinoic acid (13cisRA) followed by prolonged oral fenretinide exposure.
Reduced oxygen precipitation in heavily arsenic‐doped Cz‐silicon crystals
Authors: Porrini M. , Haringer S. , Giannattasio A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOxygen precipitation in heavily arsenic doped Czochralski silicon is investigated for a wide dopant concentration range (from 3 × 1018 cm–3 to 4 × 1019 cm–3) and it is compared with that observed in lightly doped silicon having similar initial oxygen concentration. A lower density of oxide precipitates after an anneal of 4 h at 800 °C followed by 16 h at 1000 °C is measured in the case of arsenic doped samples, in comparison to lightly doped ones, when the dopant concentration exceeds 1.6 × 1019 cm–3. In addition, no radial bands (rings) of precipitation are observed in arsenic‐doped samples, contrary to lightly doped samples grown at the same V/G (ratio between pull rate V and axial thermal gradient G). These findings are explained by considering the role played by vacancies in the formation of oxygen precipitates and the impact of the arsenic concentration on the total concentration of point defects in silicon. Data obtained by computer simulation of microdefect formation in silicon are also presented in support of this explanation. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the use of hopping conduction for the determination of dopant concentration in compensated silicon
Authors: Fauveau Aurélie , Martel Benoit , Veirman Jordi , Dubois Sébastien , Kaminski‐Cachopo Anne , Ducroquet Frédérique 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis work explores the possibility to use the mechanism of hopping conduction – and particularly the transition temperature between band and hopping conduction – on low temperature resistivity measurements, for the control of dopants densities in p‐type compensated silicon. This work first establishes a parametric study of the hopping conductivity: the impact of the majority dopant density and of the compensation ratio is investigated. In the range of majority dopant concentration studied (5×1016 cm–3–5×1017 cm–3), a linear relation seems to appear between the majority dopant concentration and the transition temperature, and this, apparently whatever the compensation impurity type or the crystalline structure. It was then shown that both minority and majority dopant densities can be estimated from a single resistivity versus temperature curve. To our knowledge, this work presents the first experimental study of the feasibility of using such mechanisms to collect relevant information on the compensated Si composition. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of the New Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Ventilator-Associated Event Module and Criteria in Critically Ill Children in Greece
Authors: Iosifidis Elias , Chochliourou Elpis , Violaki Asimenia , Chorafa Elisavet , Psachna Stavroula , Roumpou Afroditi , Sdougka Maria , Roilides Emmanuel 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the new adult Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) ventilator-associated event (VAE) module in critically ill children and compare with the traditionally used CDC definition for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).DESIGNRetrospective observational study of mechanically ventilated children in a pediatric intensive care unit in Greece January 1-December 31, 2011.METHODSAssessment of new adult CDC VAE module including 3 definition tiers: ventilator-associated condition (VAC), infection-related VAC, and possible/probable ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAE-VAP); comparison with traditional CDC criteria for clinically defined pneumonia in mechanically ventilated children (PNEU-VAP). We recorded Pediatric Risk of Mortality score at admission (PRISM III), number of ventilator-days, and outcome.RESULTSAmong 119 patients with mechanical ventilation (median [range] number of ventilator-days, 7 [1–183]), 19 patients experienced VAC. Criteria for VAE-VAP were fulfilled in 12 of 19 patients with VAC (63%). Children with either VAC or VAE-VAP were on ventilation more days than patients without these conditions (16.5 vs 5 d, P=.0006 and 18 vs 5 d, P<.001, respectively), whereas PRISM-III score was similar between them. Mortality was significant higher in patients with new VAE-VAP definition (50%), but not in patients with VAC (31.6%), than the patients without new VAE-VAP (14%, P=.007) or VAC (15%, P=.1), respectively. No significant association was found between PNEU-VAP and death. Incidences of PNEU-VAP and VAE-VAP were similar, but the agreement was poor.CONCLUSIONSVAE-VAP and PNEU-VAP found similar prevalence in critically ill children but with poor agreement. However, excess of death was significantly associated only with VAE-VAP.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016:1–5
The climate and vegetation of Turkey
Authors: Akman Y. , Ketenoǧlu O. 
Published: July 2016

SynopsisThere are 3 types of climate in Turkey: Mediterranean, Continental and Oceanic. The greatest part of the country, including much of the montane area, comes under the influence of various types of Mediterranean climate; the Continental climate occurs in two distinct areas in N and NE Anatolia; the Oceanic climate prevails in the region bordering the Black Sea. The forest vegetation of Turkey may also be divided into 3 main classes: QUERCETEA ILICIS; QUERCETEA PUBESCENTIS; QUERCO-FAGETEA. The first is confined to a coastal zone of the Mediterranean, the second is throughout the inner Mediterranean area, the last is in the Euxine zone of N Anatolia. Steppe vegetation belongs to the class ASTRAGALOBROMETEA widespread in C Anatolia and the Taurus.
Everyday Environmental Education Experiences: The Role of Content in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Cutter-Mackenzie Amy , Edwards Suzy 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn recent years discussions surrounding early childhood curriculum has focused on the movement from developmental to sociocultural theory. A further area worthy of investigation involves the role of content in early childhood education, specifically the relationship between content, context and pedagogy. The paper draws on teacher vignettes to consider how environmental education can be represented as a content area in early years education. Issues associated with environmental education as an emerging area of importance in early childhood education are also discussed.
A novel position estimation method using accelerometer based error correction
Authors: Chen Chien-Hsing , Chen Ming-Chih 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to present a novel position estimation method to accurately locate an object. An accelerometer-based error correction method is also developed to correct the positioning error caused by signal drift of a wireless network. Finally, the method is also utilized to locate cows in a farm for monitoring the action of standing heat.Design/methodology/approach– The proposed method adopts the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of a wireless sensor network (WSN) to compute the position of an object. The RSSI signal can be submitted from an endpoint device. A complex environment destabilizes the RSSI value, making the position estimation inaccurate. Therefore, a three-axial accelerometer is adopted to correct the position estimation accuracy. Timer and acceleration are two major factors in computing the error correction value to adjust the position estimate.Findings– The proposed method is tested on a farm management system for positioning dairy cows accurately. Devices with WSN module and three-axial accelerometer are mounted on the cows to monitor their positions and actions.Research limitations/implications– If cows in a crowded farm are close to each other, then the position estimation method is unable to position each cow correctly because too many close objects cause interference in the wireless network.Practical implications– Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves the position accuracy, and monitor the heat action of the cows effectively.Originality/value– No position estimation method has been utilized to locate cows in a farm, especially for monitoring their actions via WSN and accelerometer. The proposed method adopts an accelerometer to efficiently improve the position error caused from the signal drift of WSN.
Standardisation or resilience? The paradox of stability and change in patient safety
Authors: Pedersen Kirstine Zinck 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article explores an apparent paradox of stability and change in patient safety thinking and practice. The dominant approach to patient safety has largely been focused on closing ‘safety gaps’ through standardisation in seemingly stable healthcare systems. However, the presupposition of system stability and predictability is presently being challenged by critics who insist that healthcare systems are complex and changing entities, thereby shifting focus towards the healthcare organisation's resilient and adaptive capacities. Based on a close reading of predominant patient safety literature, the article analyses how a separation between stability and change is articulated in ontological, historical, and situated terms, and it suggests the way in which predetermining healthcare settings as either stable or unstable paves the way for a system engineering approach to patient safety that pre‐empts certain types of safety solutions. Drawing on John Dewey's influential ideas about the interconnectedness of stability and change, this prescriptive perspective is discussed and challenged. It is suggested that only by rethinking the relationship between change and stability can patient safety efforts begin to address the uncertainty of medical practice as well as the necessary competences of healthcare professionals to act with ‘safety dispositions’ as a precondition for delivering safe care.
Survival and Reduction of Shiga Toxin‐Producing Escherichia coli in a Fresh Cold‐Pressed Juice Treated with Antimicrobial Plant Extracts
Authors: Hatab Shaimaa , Athanasio Renata , Holley Richard , Rodas‐Gonzalez Argenis , Narvaez‐Bravo Claudia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate the survival of 7 Shiga‐toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) in fresh cold‐pressed juice and the antimicrobial efficacy of 4 essential oils (EO: achillea, rosemary, sage, and thyme). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of each EO was determined using microdilution assays evaluated at pH levels 4 and 7; as well as at 4 and 25 °C; daily for up to 5 d. Results indicated that 5 of 7 serotypes survived well in cold‐pressed raw juice for at least 4 d at 4 °C and pH 3.5 with no significant (P > 0.05) reduction in viability. The EO showed varying degrees of antimicrobial activity against the 7 STEC. The MIC and MBCs were lowest for thyme (2 μg/L) and highest for sage (15 to 25 μg/L). The antimicrobial activity was enhanced at low pH and temperature. Data showed that although the top 7 STEC could survive low pH and temperature in vitro and in cold‐pressed juices, EO, especially from thyme and rosemary, reduced STEC to an undetectable level at 4 °C, suggesting that they could be used as natural antimicrobials in juice.
CT volumetry is superior to nuclear renography for prediction of residual kidney function in living donors
Authors: Barbas Andrew S. , Li Yanhong , Zair Murtuza , Van Julie A. , Famure Olusegun , Dib Martin J. , Laurence Jerome M. , Kim S. Joseph , Ghanekar Anand 
Published: July 2016

AbstractLiving kidney donor evaluation commonly includes nuclear renography to assess split kidney function and computed tomography (CT) scan to evaluate anatomy. To streamline donor workup and minimize exposure to radioisotopes, we sought to assess the feasibility of using proportional kidney volume from CT volumetry in lieu of nuclear renography. We examined the correlation between techniques and assessed their ability to predict residual postoperative kidney function following live donor nephrectomy. In a cohort of 224 live kidney donors, we compared proportional kidney volume derived by CT volumetry with split kidney function derived from nuclear renography and found only modest correlation (left kidney R2=26.2%, right kidney R2=26.7%). In a subset of 88 live kidney donors with serum creatinine measured 6 months postoperatively, we compared observed estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) at 6 months with predicted eGFR from preoperative imaging. Compared to nuclear renography, CT volumetry more closely approximated actual observed postoperative eGFR for Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (J‐test: P=.02, Cox–Pesaran test: P=.01) and Mayo formulas (J‐test: P=.004, Cox–Pesaran test: P<.001). These observations support the use of CT volumetry for estimation of split kidney function in healthy individuals with normal kidney function and morphology.
Blood concentration of prilocaine and lidocaine after the use of topical anesthesia (Oraqix®) in lacerated wounds
Authors: Al‐Musawi Ala , Matar Kamal , Kombian Samuel , Andersson Lars 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackground/AimSoft tissue injuries have been reported as being sutured using only topical anesthesia applied in the laceration wound. The objective of this study was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of components of Oraqix® (2.5% prilocaine and 2.5% lidocaine) when applied in a laceration as compared to intact skin application in the mouse.Materials and methodsA total of 200 BALB/c male mice were used in this study. The mice were divided into three groups: group A: shaved and laceration group (80 mice); B: shaved and intact skin group (80 mice); and C: control group (shaved, no treatment; 40 mice) which underwent the same procedures but without application of Oraqix®. Blood samples were collected over 90 min. Plasma sample analysis employing liquid chromatography coupled with the tandem mass spectrometric (LC‐MS/MS) method was used to determine plasma concentrations of lidocaine and prilocaine. Pharmacokinetic analysis of mouse plasma concentrations was carried out by standard non‐compartmental methods.ResultsAbsorption of both lidocaine and prilocaine was rapid. Cmax and AUC values of lidocaine were significantly increased by fourfold and twofold, respectively, in lacerated mouse skin compared to intact skin. Similarly, prilocaine's Cmax and AUC values were also increased by 2.5‐fold and fourfold, respectively, in lacerated skin compared to intact skin.ConclusionWhen Oraqix® was applied directly into the skin laceration, the plasma concentration of lidocaine and prilocaine was significantly increased as compared to when applied on intact skin. The present study, albeit in mice, indicates that the plasma levels of lidocaine and prilocaine can reach very high levels when the thermosetting gel Oraqix® is placed directly in wounds.
Clinical characteristics and long‐term outcome of acute kidney injury in patients with HBV‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure
Authors: Shi X. , Zhu P. , Yan G. , Liu C. , Zhang C. , Huang G. , Zhang Y. , Yan Z. , Wang Y. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in patients with decompensated cirrhosis and is also an important cause for poor outcome. This study aimed at investigating the clinical characteristics and long‐term prognosis of AKI in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)‐related acute‐on‐chronic liver failure (ACLF). A total of 1167 patients with HBV‐related ACLF from January 2010 to January 2015 were enrolled and divided into two groups, AKI group (n=308) and non‐AKI group (n=859). All patients were followed up to investigate clinical characteristics, long‐term overall survival (OS) and risk factors. AKI occurrence was found to be 26.4% in patients with HBV‐related ACLF. The patients in the AKI group and the non‐AKI group had a 30‐day OS of 44.8% and 70.3%, 90‐day OS of 17.9% and 55.4%, and 1‐year OS of 15.6% and 51.2%, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the 30‐day, 90‐day and 1‐year OS among subgroups with different AKI stages. It was found that high WBC, neutrophil, ALT and MELD score were risk factors for 30‐day mortality, whereas hepatic encephalopathy, high MELD score, mean arterial pressure and PLT were risk factors for 90‐day mortality. Two criteria, the KDIGO and AKIN, showed parallel results in staging AKI in patients with HBV‐related ACLF (κ=0.807, P<.001). AKI is closely associated with increased short‐term mortality in Chinese HBV‐related ACLF patients, particularly in those with infection and high MELD score. Both KDIGO and AKIN criteria can be used for staging AKI in patients with HBV‐related ACLF.
Morphological changes of giant mitochondria in the unicellular to multicellular phase during parthenogenesis of Ulva partita (Ulvophyceae) revealed by expression of mitochondrial targeting GFP and PEG transformation
Authors: Suzuki Ryogo , Ota Shuhei , Yamazaki Tomokazu , Toyoda Atsushi , Nonaka Satoko , Matsukura Chiaki , Kuwano Kazuyoshi , Kawano Shigeyuki 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYA giant mitochondrion that branches and connects as a single mitochondrion in a cell has been observed during specific phases of the cell cycle of unicellular green algae, but has not been observed in multicellular algae. The genus Ulva is a green macroalga in which the haploid and diploid phases are isomorphic and its gametes develop parthenogenetically. The existence or absence of the giant mitochondrion, and its behavior in Ulva partita, were investigated using a parthenogenesis system. To observe the parthenogenesis of gametes and the dynamics of mitochondria by fluorescence microscopy, we developed an experimental system for culturing and observing U. partita on cover slips: gametes were suspended in 6‐well plates filled with artificial seawater, and cover slips were placed on the well bottoms. The gametes settled on the cover slips as spherical cells (1‐cell S phase). These cells grew into larger cells, losing their eyespot (1‐cell L phase), and developed into multicellular thalli. Gene introduction using the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method is available with transformation efficiencies of 9.0–15.1%. Transformation was performed using a plasmid encoding green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the mitochondrial targeting sequence, and mitochondria were labeled by GFP fluorescence. This revealed a string‐shaped giant mitochondrion in a cell of the 1‐cell S phase. In the 1‐cell L phase, a reticular mitochondrion was observed. After the initiation of cell division, the reticular mitochondrion was fragmented, and small oval mitochondria were observed in the 5‐cell phase.
Revisiting the Relationship between Ethnic Diversity and Preferences for Redistribution: Comment
Authors: Nekby Lena , Pettersson‐Lidbom Per 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we revisit the question raised in Dahlberg et al. (, Journal of Political Economy 120, 41–76) concerning a causal relationship between ethnic diversity and preferences for redistribution. We find that their results are based on (i) an unreliable and potentially invalid measure of preferences for redistribution, (ii) an endogenously selected sample, and (iii) a mismeasurement of the refugee placement program. Correcting for any of these three problems reveals that there is no evidence of any relationship between ethnic diversity and preferences for redistribution. We also discuss what is currently known about the refugee placement program, and to what extent it can be used for estimating causal effects more generally.