bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integration of a nonlinear sine-Gordon–Liouville-type equation in the class of periodic infinite-gap functions
Authors: Khasanov A. B. , Normurodov Kh. N. , Khasanov T. G. 
Published: September 2024

UDC 517.9
The method of inverse spectral problem is used to integrate a nonlinear sine-Gordon–Liouville-type equation in the class of periodic infinite-gap functions. The evolution of the spectral data for the periodic Dirac operator is introduced in which the coefficient of the Dirac operator is a solution of a nonlinear sine-Gordon–Liouville-type equation. The solvability of the Cauchy problemc is proved for an infinite system of Dubrovin differential equations in the class of three times continuously differentiable periodic infinite-gap functions. It is shown that the sum of a uniformly convergent functional series constructed by solving the system of Dubrovin differential equations and the first-trace formula satisfies the sine-Gordon–Liouville-type equation.
Multivariate Predictors of Lyman Continuum Escape. II. Predicting Lyman Continuum Escape Fractions for High-redshift Galaxies*
Authors: Jaskot Anne E. , Silveyra Anneliese C. , Plantinga Anna , Flury Sophia R. , Hayes Matthew , Chisholm John , Heckman Timothy , Pentericci Laura , Schaerer Daniel , Trebitsch Maxime , Verhamme Anne , Carr Cody , Ferguson Henry C. , Ji Zhiyuan , Giavalisco Mauro , Henry Alaina , Marques-Chaves Rui , Östlin Göran , Saldana-Lopez Alberto , Scarlata Claudia , Worseck Gábor , Xu Xinfeng 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
JWST is uncovering the properties of ever-increasing numbers of galaxies at z > 6, during the epoch of reionization. Connecting these observed populations to the process of reionization requires understanding how efficiently they produce Lyman continuum (LyC) photons and what fraction (f
esc) of these photons escape into the intergalactic medium. By applying the Cox proportional hazards model, a survival analysis technique, to the Low-redshift Lyman Continuum Survey (LzLCS), we develop new, empirical, multivariate predictions for f
esc. The models developed from the LzLCS reproduce the observed f
esc for z ∼ 3 samples, which suggests that LyC emitters may share similar properties at low and high redshift. Our best-performing models for the z ∼ 3 galaxies include information about dust attenuation, ionization, and/or morphology. We then apply these models to z ≳ 6 galaxies. For large photometric samples, we find a median predicted f
esc = 0.047–0.14. For smaller spectroscopic samples, which may include stronger emission-line galaxies, we find that ≥33% of the galaxies have f
esc > 0.2, and we identify several candidate extreme leakers with f
esc ≥ 0.5. The current samples show no strong trend between predicted f
esc and UV magnitude, but limited spectroscopic information makes this result uncertain. Multivariate predictions can give significantly different results from single-variable predictions, and the predicted f
esc for high-redshift galaxies can differ significantly depending on whether star formation rate surface density or radius is used as a measure of galaxy morphology. We provide all parameters necessary to predict f
esc for additional samples of high-redshift galaxies using these models.
SOFIA/FORCAST Galactic Center Source Catalog
Authors: Cotera Angela S. , Hankins Matthew J. ,   SOFIA Galactic Center Legacy Project, Bally John , Barnes Ashley T. , Battersby Cara D. , Hatchfield H. Perry , Herter Terry L. , Lau Ryan M. , Longmore Steven N. , Mills Elisabeth A. C. , Morris Mark R. , Radomski James T. , Simpson Janet P. , Stephens Zachary , Walker Daniel L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The central regions of the Milky Way constitute a unique laboratory for a wide swath of astrophysical studies; consequently, the inner ∼400 pc have been the target of numerous large surveys at all accessible wavelengths. In this paper, we present a catalog of sources at 25 and 37 μm located within all of the regions observed with the SOFIA/FORCAST instrument in the inner ∼200 pc of the Galaxy. The majority of the observations were obtained as part of the SOFIA Cycle 7 Galactic Center Legacy program survey, which was designed to complement the Spitzer/MIPS 24 μm catalog in regions saturated in the MIPS observations. Due to the wide variety of source types captured by our observations at 25 and 37 μm, we do not limit the FORCAST source catalog to unresolved point sources, or treat all sources as if they are pointlike sources. The catalog includes all detectable sources in the regions, resulting in a catalog of 950 sources, including point sources, compact sources, and extended sources. We also provide the user with metrics to discriminate between the source types.
Time Evolution of the Synchrotron X-Ray Emission in Kepler’s Supernova Remnant: The Effects of Turbulence and Shock Velocity
Authors: Sapienza Vincenzo , Miceli Marco , Petruk Oleh , Bamba Aya , Katsuda Satoru , Orlando Salvatore , Bocchino Fabrizio , DeLaney Tracey 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The maximum energy of electrons in supernova remnant (SNR) shocks is typically limited by radiative losses, where the synchrotron cooling time equals the acceleration time. The low speed of shocks in a dense medium increases the acceleration time, leading to lower maximum electron energies and fainter X-ray emissions. However, in Kepler’s SNR, an enhanced electron acceleration, which proceeds close to the Bohm limit, occurs in the north of its shell, where the shock is slowed by a dense circumstellar medium (CSM). To investigate whether this scenario still holds at smaller scales, we analyzed the temporal evolution of the X-ray synchrotron flux in filamentary structures using the two deepest Chandra/ACIS X-ray observations, performed in 2006 and 2014. We examined spectra from different filaments, measured their proper motion, and calculated the acceleration to synchrotron timescale ratios. The interaction with the turbulent and dense northern CSM induces competing effects on electron acceleration: on one hand, turbulence reduces the electron mean free path enhancing the acceleration efficiency, and on the other hand, lower shock velocities increase the acceleration timescale. In most filaments, these effects compensate each other, but in one region, the acceleration timescale exceeds the synchrotron timescale, resulting in a significant decrease in nonthermal X-ray emission from 2006 to 2014, indicating fading synchrotron emission. Our findings provide a coherent understanding of the different regimes of electron acceleration observed in Kepler’s SNR through various diagnostics.
Delivery of DART Impact Ejecta to Mars and Earth: Opportunity for Meteor Observations
Authors: Peña-Asensio Eloy , Küppers Michael , Trigo-Rodríguez Josep M. , Rimola Albert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
NASA’s Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) and ESA’s Hera missions offer a unique opportunity to investigate the delivery of impact ejecta to other celestial bodies. We performed ejecta dynamical simulations using 3 million particles categorized into three size populations (10 cm, 0.5 cm, and 30 μm) and constrained by early postimpact LICIACube observations. The main simulation explored ejecta velocities ranging from 1 to 1000 m s−1, while a secondary simulation focused on faster ejecta with velocities from 1 to 2 km s−1. We identified DART ejecta orbits compatible with the delivery of meteor-producing particles to Mars and Earth. Our results indicate the possibility of ejecta reaching the Mars Hill sphere in 13 yr for launch velocities around 450 m s−1, which is within the observed range. Some ejecta particles launched at 770 m s−1 could reach Mars's vicinity in 7 yr. Faster ejecta resulted in a higher flux delivery toward Mars and particles impacting the Earth Hill sphere above 1.5 km s−1. The delivery process is slightly sensitive to the initial observed cone range and driven by synodic periods. The launch locations for material delivery to Mars were predominantly north of the DART impact site, while they displayed a southwestern tendency for the Earth–Moon system. Larger particles exhibit a marginally greater likelihood of reaching Mars, while smaller particles favor delivery to Earth–Moon, although this effect is insignificant. To support observational campaigns for DART-created meteors, we provide comprehensive information on the encounter characteristics (orbital elements and radiants) and quantify the orbital decoherence degree of the released meteoroids.
Ocean Circulation on Tide-locked Lava Worlds. II. Scalings
Authors: Lai Yanhong , Kang Wanying , Yang Jun 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
On tidally locked lava planets, a magma ocean can form on the permanent dayside. The circulation of the magma ocean can be driven by stellar radiation and atmospheric winds. The strength of ocean circulation and the depth of the magma ocean depend on external forcings and the dominant balance of the momentum equation. In this study, we develop scaling laws for the magma ocean depth, oceanic current speed, and ocean heat transport convergence driven by stellar and wind forcings in three different dynamic regimes: nonrotating viscosity-dominant Regime I, nonrotating inviscid limit Regime II, and rotation-dominant Regime III. Scaling laws suggest that magma ocean depth, current speed, and ocean heat transport convergence are controlled by various parameters, including vertical diffusivity/viscosity, substellar temperature, planetary rotation rate, and wind stress. In general, scaling laws predict that magma ocean depth ranges from a few meters to a few hundred meters. For Regime I, results from scaling laws are further confirmed by numerical simulations. Considering the parameters of a typical lava super-Earth, we found that the magma ocean is most likely in the rotation-dominant Regime III.
Ocean Circulation on Tide-locked Lava Worlds. I. An Idealized 2D Numerical Model
Authors: Lai Yanhong , Yang Jun , Kang Wanying 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A magma ocean is expected to exist on the dayside of tide-locked planets if surface temperature exceeds the melting temperature of typical crust. As highly prioritized targets for the James Webb Space Telescope, more information about the surface and atmosphere of lava planets will soon be available. In most previous studies of lava planets, the system is typically assumed to be vigorously convecting and isentropic. This implies a magma ocean depth reaching

O

(104–105) m, determined by the adiabats and melting curves. In this study, we aim to simulate ocean circulation and ocean depth on tidally locked lava worlds using an idealized 2D (x–z) model developed by the authors. Our simulation results show that under zero or a small internal source, the maximum zonal current speed ranges from 0.1 to 1.0 m s−1 and the magma ocean depth remains

O

(100) m, being more than 100 times shallower than that predicted in a fully convecting system. We demonstrate that the ocean heat transport divergence is consistently smaller than the stellar insolation by 1–2 orders of magnitude. Consequently, the impact of ocean circulation on the thermal phase curve of tidally locked lava worlds is minimal in observations.
Evaluation of the Relationship Between Meal-Based Dietary Anti-Oxidant Quality Score with Obesity in Apparently Healthy Adults Attended to Health Care Centers in Tehran
Authors: Ramezani Reza , Majd Maryam , Mohammadpour Saba , Nosrani Esmail Alipour , Shahinfar Hossein , Djafari Farhang , Shab-Bidar Sakineh , Djazayery Abolghassem 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Studying the dietary antioxidant quality (DAQ) score as a modifiable factor to lessen the negative effects of obesity on health is vital due to the rising global trend of obesity. Therefore, this study aimed to determine how adult obesity and meal-based DAQ scores correlate.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study including 850 men and women in Tehran was conducted. Three 24-hour dietary recalls were used to evaluate dietary consumption. Based on the design of DAQs, the meal-based DAQ score was evaluated. Higher scores indicate better DAQ. The overall DAQ score varied from 0 to 5. To investigate the relationship between DAQs and obesity in each meal, logistic regression analysis was utilized.

Results:
There was no correlation between a higher breakfast DAQ score and being overweight or obese (for overweight: OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.38–1.24/for obesity: OR = 0.65; CI 95%: 0.31–1.37). In the basic model, a higher lunch DAQ score was inversely related to probabilities of being overweight (OR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.39–0.99) Such a connection remained significant after relevant confounders were considered (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.27-0.84). In both the raw and fully adjusted models, there was no discernible correlation between the meal DAQ score and overweight or obesity.

Conclusion:
We discovered that a higher DAQ score for lunch was substantially associated with a lower risk of being overweight but not obese. To verify our findings, additional prospective research in various populations is required.
The Prevalence of PD-L1 Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patients and Its Correlation with Survival Rates and Other Prognostic Factors: A Survival Analysis
Authors: Izadi Arefeh , Naimi Azar , Amjadi Elham , Beheshtiparvar Dorsa , Soltan Maryam 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, with a poor prognosis. The programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway has emerged as a potential immunotherapy target. This study aimed to assess PD-L1 expression in TNBC patients and its relationship with prognostic variables.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional study included 107 TNBC patients recruited between 2016 and 2020. Patient age, tumor grade, and Ki67 expression were obtained from pathology reports. Immunohistochemistry was utilized to determine PD-L1 status, and 2-year survival data were collected through telephone follow-up.

Results:
PD-L1 expression frequency in TNBC patients was 76.6%. Grade 3 was the most common cancer grade, significantly more prevalent in the PD-L1 positive group (P = 0.01). High Ki67 expression (≥14%) was observed in 89% of patients, significantly higher in the PD-L1 positive group (P = 0.003). The 2-year survival rates for the PD-L1 positive and negative groups were 84.1% and 92%, respectively, with no significant difference between the groups (P = 0.512).

Conclusion:
This study investigated PD-L1 expression prevalence in TNBC patients and its correlation with prognostic variables. PD-L1 expression was associated with higher tumor grade and elevated Ki67 expression, indicating a potential role in tumor aggressiveness. However, despite these associations, PD-L1 expression did not significantly impact the 2-year survival rate in TNBC patients. These results emphasize the complexity of the immune microenvironment in TNBC and the necessity for further research to elucidate the precise role of PD-L1 in disease progression and patient outcomes.
Comparison of the Cardiovascular Response to Sedation with Dexmedetomidine, Midazolam, and Etomidate in Phacoemulsification under Local Topical Anesthesia; A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Shoraibi Mohadese , Masoudifar Mehrdad , Shetabi Hamidreza 
Published: September 2024

Background:The present study aimed to compare the cardiovascular response to sedation with dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and etomidate during phacoemulsification under local Topical anesthesia.Materials and Methods:In this double-blind randomized clinical trial, a total of 90 cataract surgery candidates undergoing phacoemulsification were selected and divided into three groups. The first group received 1 µg/kg dexmedetomidine over 10 minutes, followed by an infusion of dexmedetomidine at a rate of 0.5 µg/kg/h. The second group received 0.05 mg/kg midazolam, and the third group received 0.2 mg/kg slow IV etomidate. Hemodynamic parameters, sedation level, and adverse effects were recorded before anesthesia, during surgery, and during recovery.Results:The results of this study showed that in the 10thminute of surgery, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) in the etomidate group was significantly higher than the other groupsPvalue = 0.029). The pulse rate (PR) in the etomidate group at the 15thminute during surgery, 10th, 20th, and 30thminute in the recovery period (mean 70.33 ± 10.34 bpm, 72.10 ± 10.18 bpm, 73.70 ± 10.18 bpm, and 75.03 ± 6.73 bpm, respectively) was significantly higher than the other two groups (Pvalue < 0.05). No adverse effects such as dizziness, restlessness, vomiting, or nausea were observed in the midazolam group. However, decreased heart rate was significantly higher in the dexmedetomidine group (26.7%) compared to the etomidate (3.3%) and midazolam (6.7%) groups (Pvalue = 0.021).Conclusion:According to the results of this study, the sedation level achieved by dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and etomidate was similar. However, etomidate seemed to have a better effect on maintaining blood pressure and pulse rate compared to the other two drugs.
Jujube Oxymel for the Treatment of Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: Efficacy and Safety
Authors: Shirazi Maryam Taghavi , Goodarzi Azadeh , Ghobadi Ali , Eghbalian Fatemeh 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) is a challenging disorder that severely impacts the quality of life. The current study objective was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of jujube oxymel (JO) for treating CSU.

Materials and Methods:
In this randomized double-blind controlled trial, 92 patients (aged 12–65) with CSU were randomly allocated to JO or placebo groups. They received 30cc of each syrup three times daily with 10 mg cetirizine for 28 days, subsequently taking 10 mg cetirizine alone for the next 4 weeks. Outcomes were evaluated using the weekly urticaria activity score (UAS-7) and Chronic Urticaria Quality of Life Questionnaire (CU-Q2oL).

Results:
After four weeks, the UAS-7 score mean and standard deviation in the JO group significantly decreased to 10.89 ± 4.87 compared to the placebo group at 15.06 ± 7.55 (P: 0.002). In the follow-up period, JO group participants achieved a score of 10.28 (4.67), while a significant increase occurred in the control group (18.33 ± 6.29) (P = 0.001). On day 28, there was a notable improvement in the quality of life within the JO group (P < 0.05). By the eighth week, both groups experienced an increase in CU-Q2oL score, but the changes in the control group were statistically significant (18.09 (5.96) vs 41.31 (10.34) (P: 0.001).

Conclusion:
JO, as part of integrated therapy, exhibited potentially longer-lasting efficacy than cetirizine alone, contributing to enhanced quality of life and increased patient satisfaction due to minimal side effects.
Open Anterior Subscapularis Release for Adduction and Medial Rotation Shoulder Contracture in Neonatal Brachial Plexus Palsy
Authors: Boubkraoui Mohamed El Mahdi , Rouaghi Hajar , Cherqaoui Yassine , Bjitro Chafik , Aboumaarouf Mustapha , Cherqaoui Abdelmounim 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Adduction and medial rotation shoulder contracture are prevalent in unresolved neonatal brachial plexus palsy (NBPP). Various surgical options exist, including open anterior subscapularis release, to address this condition. This study assessed the outcomes of this procedure.

Materials and Methods:
This cross-sectional, observational study focused on a cohort of children aged over 12 months who underwent open anterior subscapularis release to remedy residual shoulder contracture from upper or global NBPP over 11 years. The Mallet score was utilised to appraise deficits in shoulder function.

Results:
The study included 32 patients. The sex ratio was 0.78. The median age at surgery was 36 months (25; 56). The right side was affected in 75% of cases. The median improvement in the Mallet score after subscapularis release was 4 (2; 6). This enhancement was statistically significant (P < 0.001), with a median follow-up duration of 78 months (72; 82). There was a substantial increase in shoulder abduction (P < 0.001) and lateral rotation (P < 0.001). Hand-to-mouth (P < 0.001) and hand-to-head (P < 0.001) manoeuvres exhibited significant enhancement. The hand-to-spine manoeuvre did not show a substantial alteration. A significant correlation was found between the injury severity and the enhancement of the Mallet score post-surgery (P = 0.009).

Conclusion:
Open anterior subscapularis release yielded significant mid-term functional enhancements in shoulder motion, with no modification in medial rotation. Improvements were observed even in children beyond 4 years of age, with those having more severe injuries showing greater functional recovery.
Flexible Endoscopic Management of Tracheo-oesophageal Magnet Foreign Bodies with Acquired Fistula in a Toddler
Authors: Jallouli Mohamed , Zoriquat Ehab Nicolas , Kamel Terez Boshra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Aerodigestive foreign bodies (FBs) aspiration is a common problem in children; however, simultaneous aerodigestive localisation is rare. Ingestion of multiple magnetic FBs can lead to serious complications, especially tracheo-oesophageal fistula and recurrent chest infections. These depend on the duration of foreign-body ingestion/aspiration, prompt intervention and adequate technique for foreign-body retrieval. A 1.8-year-old female child was found to have two magnetic FBs lodged simultaneously in the oesophagus and trachea. The magnetic FBs in the aerodigestive tract in children were removed in the same session using flexible endoscopes.
Role of Interstitial Cells of Cajal in Congenital Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Authors: Meher Sanjib Kumar , Jena Pradeep Kumar , Tripathy Prasanta Kumar , Mohanty Lity , Mohanty Pramod Kumar , Pattnaik Kaumudee 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Although congenital ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction is the most common cause of neonatal hydronephrosis, aetiopathogenesis is still inconclusive. Recently, the paucity of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) at the narrow adynamic part of UPJ has been implicated as a causative factor.

Materials and Methods:
This prospective study was conducted between October 2019 and March 2022 to find out the density of ICC by the immunohistochemical method using CD117 (c-kit) antibody, in resected segments of UPJ in obstruction patients and in renal tumour patients as control. ICC/high power field (hpf) was also studied from the margins of the resected segment in the obstruction group. The pre-operative and post-operative sonographic and renal scintigraphic features were compared.

Results:
The median age of patients in the study group (n = 25) was 36 months and in the control group was 39 months. The mean ICC/hpf at the stenotic part of UPJ in the study group was 3.56 ± 1.26 and in the control group was 12.56 ± 1.89 (P = 0.0001). ICC density from the proximal and distal margins of the resected segment was 11.12 ± 2.12 and 11.68 ± 1.62, respectively (P < 0.001). The post-operative antero-posterior diameter of the renal pelvis and differential renal function showed significant improvement in comparison to the pre-operative value (P = 0.0045 and 0.0005, respectively).

Conclusions:
The significant decrease in the density of ICC at the stenotic part of UPJ compared to controls suggests a pacemaker role of these cells in ureteral peristalsis and the aetiopathogenesis of UPJ obstruction. Histopathological analysis of ICC should not only be limited to the stenotic part of UPJ but also should focus on the anastomosed ends of the ureter, which reflects post-pyeloplasty outcome.