bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographic Factors and Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccination Initiation among Adolescent Girls in the United States
Authors: Henry Kevin A. , Stroup Antoinette M. , Warner Echo L. , Kepka Deanna 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Background: This study is among the first to explore geographic factors that may be associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine uptake in the United States.
Methods: Data from the 2011 and 2012 National Immunization Survey-Teen for 20,565 female adolescents aged 13 to 17 years were analyzed to examine associations of HPV vaccine initiation (receipt of at least one dose) with ZIP code–level geographic factors. Logistic regression including individual and geographic factors was used to estimate the odds of HPV vaccine initiation.
Results: Approximately 53% of girls initiated the HPV vaccine in both years. Girls in high poverty communities had higher HPV vaccine initiation compared with those in low poverty communities [61.1% vs. 52.4%; adjusted OR (AOR), 1.18; 95% confidence intervals (CI), 1.04–1.33]. Initiation was higher among girls in communities where the majority of the population was Hispanic (69.0% vs. 49.9%; AOR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.43–1.87) or non-Hispanic mixed race (60.4% vs. 49.9%; AOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.17–1.44) compared with majority non-Hispanic white communities. Interactions between individual-level race/ethnicity and community racial–ethnic composition indicated significantly higher odds of initiation among Hispanic girls living in Hispanic communities compared with Hispanic girls living in predominantly non-Hispanic White (NHW) (AOR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.87–2.65) or non-Hispanic Black (NHB) (AOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.20–3.04) communities, respectively.
Conclusion: Initiation rates of HPV vaccination among teen girls were highest in the poorest communities and among Hispanics living in communities where the racial–ethnic composition was predominantly Hispanic or mixed race.
Impact: Given low HPV vaccination rates in the United States, these results provide important evidence to inform public health interventions to increase HPV vaccination. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 25(2); 309–17. ©2016 AACR.
Cidades visíveis: a esquina da experiência urbana com o jornalismo
Authors: Peres Ana Cláudia 
Published: January 2016

<p>Neste artigo, as cidades devem ser vistas como metáfora e, ao mesmo tempo, lugar de trânsito e passagem, a fim de discutir a linguagem das ruas em narrativas jornalísticas impressas. Ao esboçar uma breve cartografia de textos impressos que, por vezes, são a própria cidade e, em outros casos, o discurso que se constrói sobre ela, localizamos algumas pistas enunciativas que se desenham durante o processo<br />narrativo dos acontecimentos e dão a ver outras possibilidades para o jornalismo em narrativas sobre a cidade que, em vez de aprisionar a experiência urbana, valorizam a potência para o diálogo que há no próprio ato jornalístico.</p>
Mobile Phone Text Messages to Support Treatment Adherence in Adults With High Blood Pressure (SMS-Text Adherence Support [StAR])
Authors: Bobrow Kirsten , Farmer Andrew J. , Springer David , Shanyinde Milensu , Yu Ly-Mee , Brennan Thomas , Rayner Brian , Namane Mosedi , Steyn Krisela , Tarassenko Lionel , Levitt Naomi 
Published: January 2016

Background—
We assessed the effect of automated treatment adherence support delivered via mobile phone short message system (SMS) text messages on blood pressure.

Methods and Results—
In this pragmatic, single-blind, 3-arm, randomized trial (SMS-Text Adherence Support [StAR]) undertaken in South Africa, patients treated for high blood pressure were randomly allocated in a 1:1:1 ratio to information only, interactive SMS text messaging, or usual care. The primary outcome was change in systolic blood pressure at 12 months from baseline measured with a validated oscillometric device. All trial staff were masked to treatment allocation. Analyses were intention to treat. Between June 26, 2012, and November 23, 2012, 1372 participants were randomized to receive information-only SMS text messages (n=457), interactive SMS text messages (n=458), or usual care (n=457). Primary outcome data were available for 1256 participants (92%). At 12 months, the mean adjusted change in systolic blood pressure compared with usual care was −2.2 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −4.4 to −0.04) with information-only SMS and −1.6 mm Hg (95% confidence interval, −3.7 to 0.6) with interactive SMS. Odds ratios for the proportion of participants with a blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg were 1.42 (95% confidence interval, 1.03–1.95) for information-only messaging and 1.41 (95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.95) for interactive messaging compared with usual care.

Conclusions—
In this randomized trial of an automated adherence support program delivered by SMS text message in a general outpatient population of adults with high blood pressure, we found a small reduction in systolic blood pressure control compared with usual care at 12 months. There was no evidence that an interactive intervention increased this effect.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02019823. South African National Clinical Trials Register, number SANCTR DOH-27-1212-386; Pan Africa Trial Register, number PACTR201411000724141.
Heme–Hemopexin Scavenging Is Active in the Brain and Associates With Outcome After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
Authors: Garland Patrick , Durnford Andrew J. , Okemefuna Azubuike I. , Dunbar John , Nicoll James A.R. , Galea James , Boche Delphine , Bulters Diederik O. , Galea Ian 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
Long-term outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is potentially linked to cytotoxic heme. Free heme is bound by hemopexin and rapidly scavenged by CD91. We hypothesized that heme scavenging in the brain would be associated with outcome after hemorrhage.

Methods—
Using cerebrospinal fluid and tissue from patients with SAH and control individuals, the activity of the intracranial CD91–hemopexin system was examined using ELISA, ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography, and immunohistochemistry.

Results—
In control individuals, cerebrospinal fluid hemopexin was mainly synthesized intrathecally. After SAH, cerebrospinal fluid hemopexin was high in one third of cases, and these patients had a higher probability of delayed cerebral ischemia and poorer neurological outcome. The intracranial CD91–hemopexin system was active after SAH because CD91 positively correlated with iron deposition in brain tissue. Heme–hemopexin uptake saturated rapidly after SAH because bound heme accumulated early in the cerebrospinal fluid. When the blood–brain barrier was compromised after SAH, serum hemopexin level was lower, suggesting heme transfer to the circulation for peripheral CD91 scavenging.

Conclusions—
The CD91–heme–hemopexin scavenging system is important after SAH and merits further study as a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic target.
Diplogasteroides luxuriosae n. sp. associated with Acalolepta luxuriosa (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Japan
Authors: Kanzaki Natsumi , Ide Tatsuya 
Published: January 2016

Diplogasteroides luxuriosae n. sp. is described from a species of longhorn beetle, Acalolepta luxuriosa (Cerambycidae), associated with a broad-leaved tree, Aralia elata (Araliaceae), from the Ibaraki and Kyoto Prefectures of Japan. Besides its generic (or intrageneric species group-specific) characteristics, the new species is characterised and distinguished from its close relatives by its apomorphic characteristics, i.e., broad spicule with a trapezoidal shape, gubernaculum with pointed anterior, and posterior ends with two gland-like cells dorsally overlapping the vas deferens of males and large and wide receptaculum seminis of females. The new species is molecularly similar to two recently described Diplogasteroides spp., D. andrassyi and D. asiaticus. However, D. luxuriosae n. sp. is molecularly distinguished from these two species by the 6-7 bp difference in near-full-length small subunit (18S) and 10-14 bp differences in D2-D3 expansion segments of large subunit (28S) ribosomal RNA genes.
Transient Climate Impacts for Scenarios of Aerosol Emissions from Asia: A Story of Coal versus Gas
Authors: Grandey Benjamin S. , Cheng Haiwen , Wang Chien 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Fuel usage is an important driver of anthropogenic aerosol emissions. In Asia, it is possible that aerosol emissions may increase if business continues as usual, with economic growth driving an increase in coal burning. But it is also possible that emissions may decrease rapidly as a result of the widespread adoption of cleaner technologies or a shift toward noncoal fuels, such as natural gas. In this study, the transient climate impacts of two aerosol emissions scenarios are investigated: a representative concentration pathway 4.5 (RCP4.5) control, which projects a decrease in anthropogenic aerosol emissions, and a scenario with enhanced anthropogenic aerosol emissions from Asia. A coupled atmosphere–ocean configuration of the Community Earth System Model (CESM), including the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5 (CAM5), is used. Three sets of initial conditions are used to produce a three-member ensemble for each scenario. Enhanced Asian aerosol emissions are found to exert a large cooling effect across the Northern Hemisphere, partially offsetting greenhouse gas–induced warming. Aerosol-induced suppression of the East Asian and South Asian summer monsoon precipitation occurs. The enhanced Asian aerosol emissions also remotely impact precipitation in other parts of the world. Over Australia, austral summer monsoon precipitation is enhanced, an effect associated with a southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone, driven by the aerosol-induced cooling of the Northern Hemisphere. Over the Sahel, West African monsoon precipitation is suppressed, likely via a weakening of the West African westerly jet. These results indicate that fuel usage in Asia, through the consequent aerosol emissions and associated radiative effects, might significantly influence future climate both locally and globally.
A Deep Neural Network Modeling Framework to Reduce Bias in Satellite Precipitation Products
Authors: Tao Yumeng , Gao Xiaogang , Hsu Kuolin , Sorooshian Soroosh , Ihler Alexander 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDespite the advantage of global coverage at high spatiotemporal resolutions, satellite remotely sensed precipitation estimates still suffer from insufficient accuracy that needs to be improved for weather, climate, and hydrologic applications. This paper presents a framework of a deep neural network (DNN) that improves the accuracy of satellite precipitation products, focusing on reducing the bias and false alarms. The state-of-the-art deep learning techniques developed in the area of machine learning specialize in extracting structural information from a massive amount of image data, which fits nicely into the task of retrieving precipitation data from satellite cloud images. Stacked denoising autoencoder (SDAE), a widely used DNN, is applied to perform bias correction of satellite precipitation products. A case study is conducted on the Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information Using Artificial Neural Networks Cloud Classification System (PERSIANN-CCS) with spatial resolution of 0.08° × 0.08° over the central United States, where SDAE is used to process satellite cloud imagery to extract information over a window of 15 × 15 pixels. In the study, the summer of 2012 (June–August) and the winter of 2012/13 (December–February) serve as the training periods, while the same seasons of the following year (summer of 2013 and winter of 2013/14) are used for validation purposes. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology outside the study area, three more regions are selected for additional validation. Significant improvements are achieved in both rain/no-rain (R/NR) detection and precipitation rate quantification: the results make 33% and 43% corrections on false alarm pixels and 98% and 78% bias reductions in precipitation rates over the validation periods of the summer and winter seasons, respectively.
A Simple Shelf Circulation Model: Intrusion of Atlantic Water on the West Spitsbergen Shelf
Authors: Nilsen Frank , Skogseth Ragnheid , Vaardal-Lunde Juni , Inall Mark 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBarotropic flow along depth contours is found in accordance with standard geostrophic theory. A numerical model is developed that studies the deviation from such a flow. The model gives a good approximation of the dynamical processes on the West Spitsbergen Shelf (WSS) and shows that the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC), the main gateway of Atlantic water (AW) toward the Arctic, connects more easily to the Isfjorden Trough than anywhere else along the shelf. The circulation of AW in the troughs along the WSS is here named the Spitsbergen Trough Current (STC). From hydrographical and ocean current observations it is evident that the STC is primarily barotropic and driven by the sea surface height. A connection between the along-coast wind stress and the STC is established, and it is demonstrated how the increased occurrence of winter cyclones in Fram Strait during January–February accelerates and widens the WSC. Ultimately, this results in a strengthened STC and dominance of AW on the WSS. The STC represents a slower route of AW toward the Arctic Ocean and a large heat transport toward the West Spitsbergen fjords during winter (0.2–0.4 TW toward Isfjorden). Heat flux estimates show that half of the AW heat loss in the Isfjorden Trough is due to heat loss to the surrounding water masses, while the rest is lost to the atmosphere. Sea ice production along West Spitsbergen has been reduced, or even nonexistent, in some fjords since 2006. Here, the authors argue that this is a consequence of the strong southerly wind periods along the WSS during winter.
A Bayesian Approach to Assess the Performance of Lightning Detection Systems
Authors: Bitzer Phillip M. , Burchfield Jeffrey C. , Christian Hugh J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHistorically, researchers explore the effectiveness of one lightning detection system with respect to another system; that is, the probability that system A detects a discharge given that system B detected the same discharge is estimated. Since no system detects all lightning, a more rigorous comparison should include the reverse process—that is, the probability that system B detects a discharge given that system A detected it. Further, the comparison should use the fundamental physical process detected by each system. Of particular interest is the comparison of ground-based radio frequency detectors with space-based optical detectors. Understanding these relationships is critical as the availability and use of lightning data, both ground based and space based, increases. As an example, this study uses Bayesian techniques to compare the effectiveness of the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN), a ground-based wideband network, and the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), a space-based optical detector. This comparison is completed by matching LIS groups and ENTLN pulses, each of which correspond to stroke-type discharges. The comparison covers the period from 2009 to 2013 over several spatial domains. In 2013 LIS detected 52.0% of the discharges ENTLN reported within the LIS field of view globally and 53.2% near North America. Conversely, ENTLN detected 5.9% of the pulses detected by LIS globally and 26.9% near North America in 2013. Using these results in the Bayesian-based methodology outlined, the study finds that LIS detected 80.1% of discharges near North America in 2013, while ENTLN detected 40.1%.
Intercomparison and Potential Synergies of Three Methods for Weather Radar Antenna Pointing Assessment
Authors: Altube Patricia , Bech Joan , Argemí Oriol , Rigo Tomeu , Pineda Nicolau 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThree methods for estimation of the weather radar antenna azimuth and elevation pointing offsets are compared. Two of the methods reviewed use the known location of the sun as a reference. The first of these methods is based on an offline scan of the sun disk. The second method detects and characterizes solar interferences in operative scans. The third method consists of correlating measured ground clutter echoes with echoes simulated using a high-resolution digital elevation model. The main objectives are to review the characteristics in each case, studying their performance in actual operative conditions, and to examine the reasons for the discrepancies between the reported pointing bias estimates, with the aim of laying the groundwork for an optimized individual or combined application and interpretation of the methods. Daily pointing biases estimated through the sun-scanning procedure in a dedicated one-month, short-term campaign are the base for the intercomparison. When applied to the three weather radars operated by the Meteorological Service of Catalonia, the short-term study reveals the advantages and limitations of the methods. A one-year, long-term analysis serves to confirm and clarify the discrepancies inferred from the short-term study and highlights how the antenna position at the time of the measurement may influence the pointing bias estimates. Based on the long-term results, a combination of the two sun-based methods for detection and simultaneous quantification of the pointing bias and the system leveling error is discussed.
Synoptic-Dynamic Analysis of Early Dry-Season Rainfall Events in the Vietnamese Central Highlands
Authors: van der Linden Roderick , Fink Andreas H. , Phan-Van Tan , Trinh-Tuan Long 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe Central Highlands are Vietnam’s main coffee growing region. Unusual wet spells during the early dry season in November and December negatively affect two growing cycles in terms of yield and quality. The meteorological causes of wet spells in this region have not been thoroughly studied to date. Using daily rain gauge measurements at nine stations for the period 1981–2007 in the Central Highlands, four dynamically different early dry-season rainfall cases were investigated in depth: 1) the tail end of a cold front, 2) a tropical depression–type disturbance, 3) multiple tropical wave interactions, and 4) a cold surge with the Borneo vortex.Cases 1 and 4 are mainly extratropically forced. In case 1, moisture advection ahead of a dissipating cold front over the South China Sea led to high equivalent potential temperature in the southern highland where this air mass stalled and facilitated recurrent outbreaks of afternoon convection. In this case, the low-level northeasterly flow over the South China Sea was diverted around the southern highlands by relatively stable low layers. On the contrary, low-level flow was more orthogonal to the mountain barrier and high Froude numbers and concomitant low stability facilitated the westward extension of the rainfall zone across the mountain barrier in the other cases. In case 3, an eastward-traveling equatorial Kelvin wave might have been a factor in this westward extension, too. The results show a variety of interactions of large-scale wave forcings, synoptic-convective dynamics, and orographic effects on spatiotemporal details of the rainfall patterns.
A Forecast Advisory for Afternoon Thunderstorm Occurrence in the Taipei Basin during Summer Developed from Diagnostic Analysis*
Authors: Chen Tsing-Chang , Tsay Jenq-Dar , Takle Eugene S. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Summer is a dry season in northern Taiwan. By contrast, the Taipei basin, located in this region, has its maximum rainfall during summer (15 June–31 August), when 78% of this rainfall is contributed by afternoon thunderstorms. This thunderstorm activity occurs during only 20 days in summer. Because of the pronounced impacts on the well-being of three million people in the basin and the relative infrequency of occurrence, forecasting thunderstorm events is an important operational issue in the Taipei basin. The basin’s small size (30 km × 60 km), with two river exits and limited thunderstorm occurrence days, makes the development of a thunderstorm activity forecast model for this basin a great challenge. Synoptic analysis reveals a thunderstorm day may develop from morning synoptic conditions free of clouds/rain, with a NW–SE-oriented dipole located south of Taiwan and southwesterlies straddling the low and high of this dipole. The surface meteorological conditions along the two river valleys exhibit distinct diurnal variations of pressure, temperature, dewpoint depression, relative humidity, and land–sea breezes. The primary features of the synoptic conditions and timings of the diurnal cycles for the four surface variables are utilized to develop a two-step hybrid forecast advisory for thunderstorm occurrence. Step 1 validates the 24-h forecasts for the 0000 UTC (0800 LST) synoptic conditions and timings for diurnal variations for the first five surface variables on thunderstorm days. Step 2 validates the same synoptic and surface meteorological conditions (including sea-breeze onset time) observed on the thunderstorm day. The feasibility of the proposed forecast advisory is successfully demonstrated by these validations.
Is palinopsia in migraineurs an enhanced physiological phenomenon?
Authors: Kalita Jayantee , Uniyal Ravi , Bhoi Sanjeev K 
Published: January 2016

Background We report the occurrence of palinopsia in patients with migraine and its correlation with migraine characteristics, triggers and allodynia. Methods This study included 153 consecutive patients with migraine and recorded their clinical details, including allodynia and migraine triggers and characteristics. Palinopsia was evaluated in migraineurs and 101 controls by using a questionnaire and a novel method. Results According to the questionnaire assessment, 9.8% migraineurs had palinopsia. According to the novel method, 57.5% of migraineurs and 12% of controls had palinopsia. Migraineurs most frequently had palinopsia to red color (51.6%), followed by yellow (49.7%), blue (47.7%), green (46.4%) and the least to white (30.7%). A similar pattern with a lesser frequency was noted in controls. The duration of palinopsia was longer in migraineurs than in controls (32.68 ± 20.24 vs. 5.92 ± 4.55 seconds; p < 0.001). Migraineurs with palinopsia differed from those without in terms of noise as a migraine trigger ( p < 0.001) and allodynia as a migraine-associated phenomenon ( p = 0.03). In multivariable analysis, predictors of palinopsia were the frequency ( p = 0.003) and severity ( p = 0.04) of headache and the presence of headache during examination ( p = 0.0001). Conclusion Migraineurs had a pattern of palinopsia to different colors that was similar to the controls, but the palinopsia of migraineurs was more frequent and of longer duration, especially during headaches.
Wrist arthrodesis in adolescents with cerebral palsy
Authors: Donadio J. , Upex P. , Bachy M. , Fitoussi F. 
Published: January 2016

Twenty adolescents with severe spastic deformities of the wrist (Zancolli type 3) and poor function on the House score were operated on between 2009 and 2014, and included in this retrospective cohort study. All were treated by wrist arthrodesis combining a proximal row carpectomy, curetting of the distal radius in order to imbed the capitate and a dorsal locking plate. The primary endpoint was improvement in the House score. Secondary endpoints included pre- and postoperative wrist flexion deformity, bone union, patient satisfaction regarding appearance and complications. The mean follow-up was 22 months. The mean age at the time of surgery was 16.2 years. Additional soft-tissue release was necessary in eight wrists. The mean House score improved significantly from 0.9 to 2.7. Average flexion deformity improved significantly from 66° to 10°. Bony union was achieved in all patients within 6 months. Four of the 20 patients required hardware removal because of fixed extension of the middle metacarpal. Wrist arthrodesis combining proximal row carpectomy with the use of a dorsal locking plate is a safe and reliable technique to improve function and appearance. Level of evidence: IV