bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are eating disorders “all about control?” The elusive psychopathology of nonfat phobic presentations
Authors: Murray Helen B. , Coniglio Kathryn , Hartmann Andrea S. , Becker Anne E. , Eddy Kamryn T. , Thomas Jennifer J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveThere are a subset of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) who do not overevaluate body shape/weight (i.e., nonfat phobic ED; NFP‐ED). According to the transdiagnostic cognitive–behavioral conceptualization of EDs, a need for control, in general, is hypothesized as the core psychopathology of NFP‐EDs, with shape‐ and weight‐related motivations for ED behavior merely superimposed in FP‐ED presentations. This study tested the need for control as motivation for restriction in NFP‐ED, using items aimed at assessing control from the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE) Restraint scale.MethodFemales ages 13–27 years consecutively admitted to residential treatment completed the EDE, Eating Disorder Inventory‐3 Drive for Thinness subscale (EDI‐DFT), and other self‐report measures of psychopathology. We included patients with DSM‐5 EDs, but excluded patients with avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder. Twenty participants had NFP‐ED (≤14 on EDI‐DFT) and 124 had fatphobic ED (FP‐ED; >14 on EDI‐DFT).ResultsNFP‐ED scored significantly lower than FP‐ED on EDE Restraint scale shape/weight [χ2(1) = 10.73–35.62, p's < .01] and on control items [χ2(1) = 10.72–20.62, p's < .01], in addition to scoring lower on measures of general psychopathology and impairment.DiscussionFindings suggest those with NFP‐ED report lower psychopathology overall and the new EDE Restraint scale control items do not capture additional motivation for restriction beyond that captured in the original Restraint scale shape/weight items. Future research should examine whether this latter finding is due to a minimizing response style in NFP‐ED, an incomplete capture of desire for control by the EDE assessment method, or indeed reflects that need for control does not motivate restriction in NFP‐EDs.
Prevalence and severity of eating disorders: A comparison of DSM‐IV and DSM‐5 among German adolescents
Authors: Ernst Verena , Bürger Arne , Hammerle Florian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveChanges in the DSM‐5 eating disorders criteria sought to increase the clarity of the diagnostic categories and to decrease the preponderance of nonspecified eating disorders. The first objective of this study was to analyze how these revisions affect threshold and EDNOS/OSFED eating disorder diagnoses in terms of prevalence, sex ratios, and diagnostic distribution in a student sample. Second, we aimed to compare the impairment levels of participants with a threshold, an EDNOS/OSFED and no diagnosis using both DSM‐IV and DSM‐5.MethodA sample of 1654 7th and 8th grade students completed self‐report questionnaires to determine diagnoses and impairment levels in the context of an eating disorder prevention program in nine German secondary schools. Height and weight were measured.ResultsThe prevalence of threshold disorders increased from .48% (DSM‐IV) to 1.15% (DSM‐5). EDNOS disorders increased from 2.90 to 6.23% when using OSFED‐categories. A higher proportion of girls was found throughout all the diagnostic categories, and the sex ratios remained stable. The effect sizes of DSM‐5 group differences regarding impairment levels were equal to or larger than those of the DSM‐IV comparisons, ranging from small to medium.DiscussionWe provide an in‐depth overview of changes resulting from the revisions of DSM eating disorder criteria in a German adolescent sample. Despite the overall increase in prevalence estimates, the results suggest that the DSM‐5 criteria differentiate participants with threshold disorders and OSFED from those no diagnosis as well as or even more distinctly than the DSM‐IV criteria.
Genetic divergence between two phenotypically distinct bottlenose dolphin ecotypes suggests separate evolutionary trajectories
Authors: Fruet Pedro F. , Secchi Eduardo R. , Di Tullio Juliana C. , Simões‐Lopes Paulo César , Daura‐Jorge Fábio , Costa Ana P. B. , Vermeulen Els , Flores Paulo A. C. , Genoves Rodrigo Cezar , Laporta Paula , Beheregaray Luciano B. , Möller Luciana M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDue to their worldwide distribution and occupancy of different types of environments, bottlenose dolphins display considerable morphological variation. Despite limited understanding about the taxonomic identity of such forms and connectivity among them at global scale, coastal (or inshore) and offshore (or oceanic) ecotypes have been widely recognized in several ocean regions. In the Southwest Atlantic Ocean (SWA), however, there are scarce records of bottlenose dolphins differing in external morphology according to habitat preferences that resemble the coastal‐offshore pattern observed elsewhere. The main aim of this study was to analyze the genetic variability, and test for population structure between coastal (n = 127) and offshore (n = 45) bottlenose dolphins sampled in the SWA to assess whether their external morphological distinction is consistent with genetic differentiation. We used a combination of mtDNA control region sequences and microsatellite genotypes to infer population structure and levels of genetic diversity. Our results from both molecular marker types were congruent and revealed strong levels of structuring (microsatellites FST = 0.385, p < .001; mtDNA FST = 0.183, p < .001; ΦST = 0.385, p < .001) and much lower genetic diversity in the coastal than the offshore ecotype, supporting patterns found in previous studies elsewhere. Despite the opportunity for gene flow in potential “contact zones”, we found minimal current and historical connectivity between ecotypes, suggesting they are following discrete evolutionary trajectories. Based on our molecular findings, which seem to be consistent with morphological differentiations recently described for bottlenose dolphins in our study area, we recommend recognizing the offshore bottlenose dolphin ecotype as an additional Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) in the SWA. Implications of these results for the conservation of bottlenose dolphins in SWA are also discussed.
Pyric‐carnivory: Raptor use of prescribed fires
Authors: Hovick Torre J. , McGranahan Devan A. , Elmore R. Dwayne , Weir John R. , Fuhlendorf Samuel D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFire is a process that shaped and maintained most terrestrial ecosystems worldwide. Changes in land use and patterns of human settlement have altered fire regimes and led to fire suppression resulting in numerous undesirable consequences spanning individual species and entire ecosystems. Many obvious and direct consequences of fire suppression have been well studied, but several, albeit less obvious, costs of alteration to fire regimes on wildlife are unknown. One such phenomenon is the response of carnivores to fire events—something we refer to as pyric‐carnivory. To investigate the prevalence of pyric‐carnivory in raptors, we monitored 25 prescribed fires occurring during two different seasons and across two different locations in tallgrass prairie of the central United States. We used paired point counts occurring before and during prescribed fires to quantify the use of fires by raptors. We found a strong attraction to fires with average maximum abundance nearly seven times greater during fires than prior to ignitions (before: = 2.90,SE = 0.42; during: = 20.20;SE = 3.29) and an average difference between fire events and immediately before fires of 15.2 (±2.69) raptors. This result was driven by Swainson's hawks (Buteo swainsoni), which were the most abundant (n = 346) of the nine species we observed using fires. Our results illustrate the importance of fire as integral disturbance process that effects wildlife behavior through multiple mechanisms that are often overshadowed by the predominant view of fire as a tool used for vegetation management.
Field swimming performance of bluegill sunfish, Lepomis macrochirus: implications for field activity cost estimates and laboratory measures of swimming performance
Authors: Cathcart Kelsey , Shin Seo Yim , Milton Joanna , Ellerby David 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMobility is essential to the fitness of many animals, and the costs of locomotion can dominate daily energy budgets. Locomotor costs are determined by the physiological demands of sustaining mechanical performance, yet performance is poorly understood for most animals in the field, particularly aquatic organisms. We have used 3‐D underwater videography to quantify the swimming trajectories and propulsive modes of bluegills sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus, Rafinesque) in the field with high spatial (1–3 mm per pixel) and temporal (60 Hz frame rate) resolution. Although field swimming trajectories were variable and nonlinear in comparison to quasi steady‐state swimming in recirculating flumes, they were much less unsteady than the volitional swimming behaviors that underlie existing predictive models of field swimming cost. Performance analyses suggested that speed and path curvature data could be used to derive reasonable estimates of locomotor cost that fit within measured capacities for sustainable activity. The distinct differences between field swimming behavior and performance measures obtained under steady‐state laboratory conditions suggest that field observations are essential for informing approaches to quantifying locomotor performance in the laboratory.
Genetic structure and demographic history ofLymantria dispar(Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in its area of origin and adjacent areas
Authors: Kang Tae Hwa , Han Sang Hoon , Lee Heung Sik 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe analyzed the population genetic structure and demographic history of 20Lymantria disparpopulations from Far East Asia using microsatellite loci and mitochondrial genes. In the microsatellite analysis, the genetic distances based on pairwiseFSTvalues ranged from 0.0087 to 0.1171. A NeighborNet network based on pairwiseFSTgenetic distances showed that the 20 regional populations were divided into five groups. Bayesian clustering analysis (K = 3) demonstrated the same groupings. The populations in the Korean Peninsula and adjacent regions, in particular, showed a mixed genetic pattern. In the mitochondrial genetic analysis based on 98 haplotypes, the median‐joining network exhibited a star shape that was focused on three high‐frequency haplotypes (Haplotype 1: central Korea and adjacent regions, Group 1; Haplotype 37: southern Korea, Group 2; and Haplotype 90: Hokkaido area, Group 3) connected by low‐frequency haplotypes. The mismatch distribution dividing the three groups was unimodal. In the neutral test, Tajima's D and Fu's FS tests were negative. We can thus infer that the Far East Asian populations ofL. disparunderwent a sudden population expansion. Based on the age expansion parameter, the expansion time was inferred to be approximately 53,652 years before present (ybp) for Group 1, approximately 65,043 ybp for Group 2, and approximately 76,086 ybp for Group 3. We propose that the mixed genetic pattern of the inland populations of Far East Asia is due to these expansions and that the inland populations of the region should be treated as valid subspecies that are distinguishable from other subspecies by genetic traits.
A 14.7 Ka record of earth surface processes from the arid‐monsoon transitional zone of China
Authors: Liu Jianbao , Chen Jianhui , Kandasamy Selvaraj , Chen Shengqian , Xie Chengling , Chen Qiaomei , Lin Baozhi , Yu Kaifeng , Xu Qinghai , Velasco Victor M. , Chen Fahu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe stability of Earth's critical zone is intimately linked with erosion, weathering and vegetation type and density. Therefore, it affects global biogeochemical processes which in turn affect the global climate by absorbing and reflecting solar radiation, and by altering fluxes of heat, water vapour, carbon dioxide and other trace gases through various feedback mechanisms. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how Earth's critical zone processes have changed over time and their link with past monsoon variability, especially in Asia. The study of lake sediments, which contain a suite of inorganic elemental and isotopic proxies, may facilitate the understanding of the Earth's critical zone processes on millennial timescales. Here we reconstruct the history of erosion–weathering–vegetation interactions since ~14.7 ka using geochemical records from a radiocarbon‐dated sediment core from Lake Gonghai in the monsoon‐arid transitional zone of north China. Detrital (Al, Ti, K, Rb) and authigenic (Ca, Sr) elemental records reveal distinct, millennial‐scale, late deglacial‐Holocene erosion and weathering patterns and transitions with the former (latter) elements showing higher (lower) values in warm intervals and vice versa. Chemical Index of Alteration (CIA) molar, a humidity proxy, suggests low humidity during the late deglacial ~11.5–14.7 ka, high humidity during the early‐mid Holocene ~11.5–3.2 ka, and intermediate humidity during the late Holocene interval since ~3.2 ka. The results of cross‐spectral analysis and comparison of our records with other climate reconstructions also suggest a pattern of orbitally‐phased humidity changes in north China. Overall, our results provide evidence for the solar‐forcing of Earth's surface processes in mid‐latitude China under natural climatic conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral signatures of mirror movements in the sensori‐motor connectivity in kallmann syndrome
Authors: Manara Renzo , Di Nardo Federica , Salvalaggio Alessandro , Sinisi Antonio Agostino , Bonanni Guglielmo , Palumbo Vincenzo , Cantone Elena , Brunetti Arturo , Di Salle Francesco , D'errico Arianna , Elefante Andrea , Esposito Fabrizio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMirror movements (MM) might be observed in congenital and acquired neurodegenerative conditions but their anatomic‐functional underpinnings are still largely elusive.This study investigated the spectral changes of resting‐state functional connectivity in Kallmann Syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with hypo/anosmia with or without congenital MM) searching for insights into the phenomenon of MM.Forty‐four Kallmann syndrome patients (21 with MM) and 24 healthy control subjects underwent task (finger tapping) and resting‐state functional MRI. The spatial pattern of task‐related activations was used to mask regions and select putative motor networks in a spatially independent component analysis of resting‐state signals. For each resting‐state independent component time‐course power spectrum, we extracted the relative contribution of four separate bands: slow‐5 (0.01–0.027 Hz), slow‐4 (0.027–0.073 Hz), slow‐3 (0.073–0.198 Hz), slow‐2 (0.198–0.25 Hz), and analyzed the variance between groups.For the sensorimotor network, the analysis revealed a significant group by frequency interaction (P = 0.002) pointing to a frequency shift in the spectral content among subgroups with lower slow‐5 band and higher slow‐3 band contribution in Kallmann patients with MM versus controls (P = 0.028) and with lower slow‐5 band contribution between patients with and without MM (P = 0.057). In specific regions, as obtained from hand motor activation task analysis, spectral analyses demonstrated a lower slow‐5 band contribution in Kallmann patients with MM versus both controls and patients without MM (P < 0.05).In Kallmann syndrome, the peculiar phenomenon of bimanual synkinesis is associated at rest with regionally and spectrally selective functional connectivity changes pointing to a distinctive cortical and subcortical functional reorganization. Hum Brain Mapp 39:42–53, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Increase in MST activity correlates with visual motion learning: A functional MRI study of perceptual learning
Authors: Larcombe Stephanie J. , Kennard Chris , Bridge Holly 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRepeated practice of a specific task can improve visual performance, but the neural mechanisms underlying this improvement in performance are not yet well understood. Here we trained healthy participants on a visual motion task daily for 5 days in one visual hemifield. Before and after training, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure the change in neural activity. We also imaged a control group of participants on two occasions who did not receive any task training. While in the MRI scanner, all participants completed the motion task in the trained and untrained visual hemifields separately. Following training, participants improved their ability to discriminate motion direction in the trained hemifield and, to a lesser extent, in the untrained hemifield. The amount of task learning correlated positively with the change in activity in the medial superior temporal (MST) area. MST is the anterior portion of the human motion complex (hMT+). MST changes were localized to the hemisphere contralateral to the region of the visual field, where perceptual training was delivered. Visual areas V2 and V3a showed an increase in activity between the first and second scan in the training group, but this was not correlated with performance. The contralateral anterior hippocampus and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and frontal pole showed changes in neural activity that also correlated with the amount of task learning. These findings emphasize the importance of MST in perceptual learning of a visual motion task. Hum Brain Mapp 39:145–156, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation between the pathology and clinical presentations in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma of the external auditory canal
Authors: Liu Hongyan , Zhang Yibo , Zhang Ting , Li Feitian , Dai Chunfu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between the pathology and clinical presentations in patients with adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) of the external auditory canal.MethodsTwenty‐nine patients with ACC of the external auditory canal who underwent surgery were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsFifty percent of patients with solid pattern disease had recurrences, followed by those with cribriform (33%) and tubular (0%) pattern. Perineural invasion was common (55%), and occurred most frequently in the solid subtype (67%). The rate of otalgia was less in patients with perineural invasion (31% vs 46%). Most tumors (59%) involved the parotid gland, but it was not seen on preoperative MRI (35%).ConclusionThe solid subtype presents the worst prognosis, and is prone to perineural invasion. Despite frequently occurring in ACC of the external auditory canal, perineural invasion may not be associated with otalgia. In ACC of the external auditory canal, high rates of occult parotid involvement support adjunctive superficial parotidectomy.
Prognostic relevance of insulin resistance on disease‐free survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: Preliminary results
Authors: Avilés‐Jurado Francesc Xavier , Flores Joan Carles , Gumà Josep , Ceperuelo‐Mallafré Victoria , Casanova‐Marqués Raquel , Gómez David , Vendrell Joan Josep , León Xavier , Vilaseca Isabel , Terra Ximena 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe primary purpose of this study was to investigate the significance of pretreatment glycemic parameters in the prognosis of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).MethodsPlasma samples of 71 patients with untreated HNSCC were obtained at the time of diagnosis. The prognostic value of fasting insulin, glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and the homeostatic model of risk assessment‐insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) was evaluated toward disease‐free survival.ResultsHigh HOMA‐IR levels were associated with poor disease‐free survival in intermediate‐advanced stage tumors. Kaplan‐Meier curves showed lower disease‐free survival rates in patients with high HOMA‐IR than in patients with low levels. In patients with intermediate‐advanced stage tumors, multivariate analysis revealed that those with an HOMA‐IR >2.974 presented a 2.7 times higher risk of poor outcome (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.023‐7.341; P = .045).ConclusionThe HOMA‐IR is independently associated with disease‐free survival in patients with HNSCC. We found an optimal HOMA‐IR cutoff value for disease‐free survival in patients with intermediate‐advanced HNSCC.
Surrogate for oropharyngeal cancer HPV status in cancer database studies
Authors: Megwalu Uchechukwu C. , Chen Michelle M. , Ma Yifei , Divi Vasu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of cancer databases for oropharyngeal cancer studies is limited by lack of information on human papillomavirus (HPV) status. The purpose of this study was to develop a surrogate that can be used to adjust for the effect of HPV status on survival.MethodsThe study cohort included 6419 patients diagnosed with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma between 2004 and 2012, identified in the National Cancer Database (NCDB). The HPV surrogate score was developed using a logistic regression model predicting HPV‐positive status.ResultsThe HPV surrogate score was predictive of HPV status (area under the curve [AUC] 0.73; accuracy of 70.4%). Similar to HPV‐positive tumors, HPV surrogate positive tumors were associated with improved overall survival (OS; hazard ratio [HR] 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59‐0.91; P = .005), after adjusting for important covariates.ConclusionThe HPV surrogate score is useful for adjusting for the effect of HPV status on survival in studies utilizing cancer databases.
“Airborne” suture tying technique: Simple steps to make it easy
Authors: Agko Mouchammed , Ciudad Pedro , Chen Hung‐Chi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA multitude of microsurgical suture techniques have been described. Although accurate apposition and eversion of the vessel ends is paramount for the patency of anastomosis, rapidity is usually of secondary importance. However, in situations in which either multiple anastomoses are required or timely revascularization is crucial, speed becomes a determinant factor for eventual success. “Airborne” suture tying is aimed at decreasing operative time by streamlining the microvascular anastomosis. Over the years, several considerations have emerged as key points for achieving mastery of this helpful maneuver. Herein, we simplify the technique by breaking the maneuver into 2 components: the “charioteer” loop and the “lasso” loop. Relevant literature, indications, and benefits are discussed followed by step‐by‐step descriptions. Both back table and in vivo video demonstrations are presented online.
Role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor in head and neck cancer and novel therapeutic targets: A systematic review
Authors: Lechien Jérôme R. , Nassri Amir , Kindt Nadege , Brown David N. , Journe Fabrice , Saussez Sven 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMacrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine involved in systemic, autoimmune, and inflammatory diseases, such as obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, and systemic lupus erythematosus. For the 2 past decades, MIF has been reported to participate in carcinogenesis, disease prognosis, tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and tumor‐induced angiogenesis in many cancers. The purpose of this article is to review published experimental and clinical data for MIF and its involvement in upper aerodigestive tract cancers. Based on the current literature, we propose a biomolecular model describing the mechanisms underlying the involvement of MIF in the initiation, progression, apoptosis, and proliferation of head and neck tumor cells. In reference to this model, potential therapeutic approaches based on the use of MIF antagonists and neutralizing antibodies are described. It is concluded that MIF is a promising target for future therapeutic strategies, both with and without chemoradiation strategies.