bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximity of SCG10 and prion protein in membrane rafts
Authors: Iwamaru Yoshifumi , Kitani Hiroshi , Okada Hiroyuki , Takenouchi Takato , Shimizu Yoshihisa , Imamura Morikazu , Miyazawa Kohtaro , Murayama Yuichi , Hoover Edward A. , Yokoyama Takashi 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe conversion of normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) into its pathogenic isoform (PrPSc) is an essential event in prion pathogenesis. In culture models, membrane rafts are suggested to play a critical role in PrPSc formation. To identify the candidate molecules capable of interacting with PrPC and facilitating PrPSc formation in membrane rafts, we applied a novel biochemical labeling method termed enzyme‐mediated activation of radical sources. Enzyme‐mediated activation of radical sources was applied to the Lubrol WX insoluble detergent‐resistant membrane fractions from mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells in which the surface PrPC was labeled with HRP‐conjugated anti‐PrP antibody. Two‐dimensional western blots of these preparations revealed biotinylated spots of approximately 20 kDa with an isoelectric point of 8.0–9.0. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis resulted in the identification of peptides containing SCG10, the neuron‐specific microtubule regulator. Proximity of SCG10 and PrPC was confirmed using proximity ligation assay and co‐immunoprecipitation assay. Transfection of persistently 22L prion‐infected N2a cells with SCG10 small interfering RNA reduced SCG10 expression, but did not prevent PrPSc accumulation, indicating that SCG10 appears to be unrelated to PrPSc formation of 22L prion. Immunofluorescence and western blot analyses showed reduced levels of SCG10 in the hippocampus of prion‐infected mice, suggesting a possible association between SCG10 levels and the prion neuropathogenesis.
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By applying a novel biochemical labeling method against detergent‐resistant membrane fractions from mouse neuroblastoma cells, the neuron‐specific microtubule‐destabilization protein, SCG10 was identified as a novel candidate that is proximate to normal prion protein (PrP) in membrane rafts. SCG10 seemed unrelated to disease‐related PrP formation under certain conditions, while there is a possible association between SCG10 levels and prion neuropathogenesis.Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.13310.
The better to eat you with: the comparative feeding morphology of phocid seals (Pinnipedia, Phocidae)
Authors: Kienle Sarah S. , Berta Annalisa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOne adaptation crucial to the survival of mammalian lineages that secondarily transitioned from land to water environments was the ability to capture and consume prey underwater. Phocid seals have evolved diverse feeding strategies to feed in the marine environment, and the objectives of this study were to document the specialized feeding morphologies and identify feeding strategies used by extant phocids. This study used principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the major axes of diversification in the skull for all extant phocid taxa and the recently extinct Caribbean monk seal (n = 19). Prey data gathered from the literature and musculoskeletal data from dissections were included to provide a comprehensive description of each feeding strategy. Random Forest analysis was used to determine the morphological, ecological and phylogenetic variables that best described each feeding strategy. There is morphological evidence for four feeding strategies in phocids: filter; grip and tear; suction; and pierce feeding. These feeding strategies are supported by quantitative cranial and mandibular characters, dietary information, musculoskeletal data and, for some species, behavioral observations. Most phocid species are pierce feeders, using a combination of biting and suction to opportunistically catch prey. Grip and tear and filter feeding are specialized strategies with specific morphological adaptations. These unique adaptations have allowed leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) and crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinophaga) to exploit novel ecological niches and prey types. This study provides the first cranial and mandibular morphological evidence for the use of specialized suction feeding in hooded seals (Cystophora cristata), northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) and southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). The most important variables in determining the feeding strategy of a given phocid species were cranial and mandibular shape, diet, and phylogeny. These results provide a framework for understanding the evolution and adaptability of feeding strategies employed by extant phocid species, and these findings can be applied to other pinniped lineages and extinct taxa.
Carcinosarcoma arising from uterine adenomyosis: A case report
Authors: Kiuchi Kaori , Hasegawa Kiyoshi , Kanamori Anriko , Machida Hiromi , Kojima Masaru , Fukasawa Ichio 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCarcinosarcoma arising from uterine adenomyosis is extremely rare. We encountered such a patient and herein provide a review of the literature. A 56‐year‐old woman was referred for a huge pelvic tumor, suspected to be an advanced uterine leiomyosarcoma. Intraoperative inspection revealed a mass, mainly located in the uterine myometrium, invading the uterine serosa. The tumor had previously spontaneously ruptured and disseminated to the pelvic cavity. Pathological and immunohistochemical examination revealed an infiltrative pattern of biphasic tumor cells composed of endometrioid adenocarcinoma and a nonepithelial component with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation. Benign endometrial glands with stromal cells were found adjacent to the area of the carcinosarcoma. The endometrium and both ovaries and fallopian tubes were microscopically free of tumor cells. The final diagnosis was heterologous type carcinosarcoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation, originating from uterine adenomyosis.
Gestational age of pregnancy loss in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage
Authors: Ticconi Carlo , Giuliani Emma , Sorge Roberto , Patrizi Lodovico , Piccione Emilio , Pietropolli Adalgisa 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the gestational age (GA) of pregnancy loss in women with unexplained recurrent miscarriage (RM) and to determine whether the miscarriages occur at similar GA in RM women.Material and MethodsThis retrospective study was carried out in a university hospital and included 288 women with unexplained RM. The GA at which each miscarriage occurred was carefully determined. Overall, 739 miscarriages were analyzed.ResultsRM women had miscarriages at a median GA of 7 weeks (range: 3–20). In RM women, 47.2% (n = 136) experienced miscarriages within a 1‐week range of GA and 53.4% (n = 154) had miscarriages in the same period of fetal development (pre‐embryonic, embryonic or fetal).ConclusionWomen with unexplained RM tend to have miscarriages at the same GA, which is characteristic for each patient.
Vaginal misoprostol versus intravenous oxytocin for the management of second‐trimester pregnancies with intrauterine fetal death: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Abediasl Zhila , Sheikh Mahdi , Pooransari Parichehr , Farahani Zahra , Kalani Farah 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to compare vaginal misoprostol versus intravenous (i.v.) oxytocin in the management of pregnancies with second‐trimester intrauterine fetal death (IUFD).MethodsThis randomized clinical trial was conducted on 85 pregnant women with IUFD and unripe cervix who were admitted for labor induction. Forty were randomly allocated to receive 200 mcg vaginal misoprostol every 12 h, and 45 were randomly assigned to receive high‐dose i.v. oxytocin (starting from 6 mU/min to reach the maximum dose of 40 mU/min). This study is registered at www.irct.ir (IRCT201307159568N5).ResultsThe induction‐to‐delivery interval in the misoprostol group (10.5 ± 5.3 [range 4–27] h) was significantly lower than that in the oxytocin group (14 ± 6.8 [range 4–30] h) (P = 0.009). The total hospital stay in the misoprostol group (22.6 ± 9.5 [range 12–48] h) was significantly lower than that in the oxytocin group (35.3 ± 16.4 [range 12–72] h) (P = 0.000). Although the successful induction rate was higher in the misoprostol group, this was not significant (95% vs 86.7%, P = 0.1). Placenta retention occurred more in the oxytocin group (20% vs 5%, P = 0.03).ConclusionBoth vaginal misoprostol and high‐dose i.v. oxytocin are highly effective in labor induction in second‐trimester pregnancies with IUFD and an unripe cervix. However, vaginal misoprostol seems to be superior to i.v. oxytocin.
Demographic Characteristics, Survival and Prognostic Factors for Mortality in Cats with Primary Immune‐Mediated Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Swann J.W. , Szladovits B. , Glanemann B. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundImmune‐mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) is uncommon in cats, but may result in severe disease. Demographic predispositions for development of the disease and prognostic factors for mortality have not been investigated previously.Hypothesis/ObjectivesTo explore possible demographic predispositions for development of primary IMHA in cats and to investigate possible prognostic factors for mortality.Animals107 client‐owned cats with IMHA, of which 72 had primary IMHA and 35 had secondary IMHA, and 9,194 control cats.MethodsData were collected retrospectively from records of cats with IMHA, defined by the presence of anemia and concurrent autoagglutination, ghost cells without oxidative damage on fresh blood smear, positive titer in a direct antiglobulin test, or evidence of phagocytosis of erythroid precursors in bone marrow. Odds ratios were calculated to assess the risk of development of primary IMHA in different demographic groups and Cox proportional hazards analysis was conducted to evaluate prognostic factors.ResultsNo sex or breed predisposition was identified for the development of primary IMHA in comparison to the control cats, but cats in the age range 2.1–5.9 years were predisposed. Higher total bilirubin concentration and age were significant negative prognostic factors and higher lymphocyte numbers and serum globulin concentration were positive prognostic factors in a multivariable model.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceYoung adult cats were more likely to develop primary IMHA than other groups, but no apparent male predisposition was identified in this study, contrary to previous reports. Several prognostic factors were identified, which may be helpful in guiding clinical practice in the future.
Characterization of the Sclerotinia sclerotiorum cell wall proteome
Authors: Liu Longzhou , Free Stephen J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryWe used a proteomic analysis to identify cell wall proteins released from Sclerotinia sclerotiorum hyphal and sclerotial cell walls via a trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) digestion. Cell walls from hyphae grown in Vogel's glucose medium (a synthetic medium lacking plant materials), from hyphae grown in potato dextrose broth and from sclerotia produced on potato dextrose agar were used in the analysis. Under the conditions used, TFMS digests the glycosidic linkages in the cell walls to release intact cell wall proteins. The analysis identified 24 glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)‐anchored cell wall proteins and 30 non‐GPI‐anchored cell wall proteins. We found that the cell walls contained an array of cell wall biosynthetic enzymes similar to those found in the cell walls of other fungi. When comparing the proteins in hyphal cell walls grown in potato dextrose broth with those in hyphal cell walls grown in the absence of plant material, it was found that a core group of cell wall biosynthetic proteins and some proteins associated with pathogenicity (secreted cellulases, pectin lyases, glucosidases and proteases) were expressed in both types of hyphae. The hyphae grown in potato dextrose broth contained a number of additional proteins (laccases, oxalate decarboxylase, peroxidase, polysaccharide deacetylase and several proteins unique to Sclerotinia and Botrytis) that might facilitate growth on a plant host. A comparison of the proteins in the sclerotial cell wall with the proteins in the hyphal cell wall demonstrated that sclerotia formation is not marked by a major shift in the composition of cell wall protein. We found that the S. sclerotiorum cell walls contained 11 cell wall proteins that were encoded only in Sclerotinia and Botrytis genomes.
Loss of CMD2‐mediated resistance to cassava mosaic disease in plants regenerated through somatic embryogenesis
Authors: Beyene Getu , Chauhan Raj Deepika , Wagaba Henry , Moll Theodore , Alicai Titus , Miano Douglas , Carrington James C. , Taylor Nigel J. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryCassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) are the two most important viral diseases affecting cassava production in Africa. Three sources of resistance are employed to combat CMD: polygenic recessive resistance, termed CMD1, the dominant monogenic type, named CMD2, and the recently characterized CMD3. The farmer‐preferred cultivar TME 204 carries inherent resistance to CMD mediated by CMD2, but is highly susceptible to CBSD. Selected plants of TME 204 produced for RNA interference (RNAi)‐mediated resistance to CBSD were regenerated via somatic embryogenesis and tested in confined field trials in East Africa. Although micropropagated, wild‐type TME 204 plants exhibited the expected levels of resistance, all plants regenerated via somatic embryogenesis were found to be highly susceptible to CMD. Glasshouse studies using infectious clones of East African cassava mosaic virus conclusively demonstrated that the process of somatic embryogenesis used to regenerate cassava caused the resulting plants to become susceptible to CMD. This phenomenon could be replicated in the two additional CMD2‐type varieties TME 3 and TME 7, but the CMD1‐type cultivar TMS 30572 and the CMD3‐type cultivar TMS 98/0505 maintained resistance to CMD after passage through somatic embryogenesis. Data are presented to define the specific tissue culture step at which the loss of CMD resistance occurs and to show that the loss of CMD2‐mediated resistance is maintained across vegetative generations. These findings reveal new aspects of the widely used technique of somatic embryogenesis, and the stability of field‐level resistance in CMD2‐type cultivars presently grown by farmers in East Africa, where CMD pressure is high.
Molecular mechanisms associated with Fluconazole resistance in clinical Candida albicans isolates from India
Authors: Mane Arati , Vidhate Pallavi , Kusro Chanchal , Waman Vaishali , Saxena Vandana , Kulkarni‐Kale Urmila , Risbud Arun 
Published: December 2015

SummaryResistance to azole antifungals is a significant problem in Candida albicans. An understanding of resistance at molecular level is essential for the development of strategies to tackle resistance and rationale design of newer antifungals and target‐based molecular approaches. This study presents the first evaluation of molecular mechanisms associated with fluconazole resistance in clinical C.albicans isolates from India. Target site (ERG11) alterations were determined by DNA sequencing, whereas real‐time PCRs were performed to quantify target and efflux pump genes (CDR1, CDR2, MDR1) in 87 [Fluconazole susceptible (n = 30), susceptible‐dose dependent (n = 30) and resistant (n = 27)] C.albicans isolates. Cross‐resistance to fluconazole, ketoconazole and itraconazole was observed in 74.1% isolates. Six amino acid substitutions were identified, including 4 (E116D, F145L, E226D, I437V) previously reported ones and 2 (P406L, Q474H) new ones. CDR1 over‐expression was seen in 77.7% resistant isolates. CDR2 was exclusively expressed with CDR1 and their concomitant over‐expression was associated with azole cross‐resistance. MDR1 and ERG11 over‐expression did not seem to be associated with resistance. Our results show that drug efflux mediated by Adenosine‐5′‐triphosphate (ATP)‐binding cassette transporters, especially CDR1 is the predominant mechanism of fluconazole resistance and azole cross‐resistance in C. albicans and indicate the need for research directed towards developing strategies to tackle efflux mediated resistance to salvage azoles.
Improved long‐term survival and renal recovery after acute kidney injury in hospitalized patients: A 20 year experience
Authors: Long Thorir E. , Sigurdsson Martin I. , Sigurdsson Gisli H. , Indridason Olafur S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimAcute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication of medical and surgical interventions in hospitalized patients and associates with high mortality. Our aim was to examine renal recovery and long‐term survival and time trends in AKI survival.MethodsChanges in serum creatinine (SCr) were used to define AKI in patients at Landspitali University Hospital in Iceland from 1993 to 2013. Renal recovery was defined as SCr < 1.5× baseline.ResultsOut of 25 274 individuals who had their highest measured SCr during hospitalization and an available baseline SCr, 10,419 (41%) had AKI during hospitalization (H‐AKI), 19%, 11% and 12% with Stage 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The incidence of H‐AKI increased from 18.6 (95% CI, 14.7–22.5) to 29.9 (95% CI, 26.7–33.1) per 1000 admissions/year over the study period. Survival after H‐AKI was 61% at 90‐days and 51% at one year. Comparing H‐AKI patients to propensity score matched individuals the hazard ratio for death was 1.49 (1.36–1.62), 2.17 (1.95–2.41) and 2.95 (2.65–3.29) for Stage 1, 2 and 3, respectively. One‐year survival of H‐AKI patients improved from 47% in 1993–1997 to 57% in 2008–2013 and the adjusted hazard ratio for mortality improved, compared to the first 5‐year period, 0.85 (0.81–0.89), 0.67 (0.64–0.71), and 0.57 (0.53–0.60) for each subsequent 5‐year interval. Recovery of renal function was achieved in 88%, 58% and 44% of patients in Stages 1, 2 and 3, respectively, improving with time.ConclusionsAcute kidney injury is an independent predictor of long‐term mortality in hospitalized patients but there has been a marked improvement in survival and renal recovery over the past two decades.
Presence of arteriolar hyalinosis in post‐reperfusion biopsies represents an additional risk to ischaemic injury in renal transplant
Authors: Matos Ana Cristina , Câmara Niels O , REQUIãO‐MOURA Lúcio R , Tonato Eduardo J , Filiponi Thiago C , SOUZA‐DURãO Marcelino , Malheiros DENISE M , Fregonesi Maurício , Borrelli Milton , Pacheco‐Silva Alvaro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe role of post‐reperfusion biopsy findings as a predictor of early and long‐term graft function and survival is still a target of research.MethodsWe analyzed data from 136 post‐reperfusion biopsies performed in deceased donor renal transplanted patients from November 2008 to May 2012. We analyzed the presence of acute tubular necrosis (ATN), arteriolar hyalinosis (AH), intimal thickness (IT), interstitial fibrosis (IF) and glomerulosclerosis (GS). We also analyzed the impact of donor features on the following outcomes: delayed graft function (DGF) and chronic allograft dysfunction defined as eGFR < 60 mL/min at 1 year.ResultsThe mean donor age was 41 years, 26% of whom were extended criteria donors (ECD), 33% had hypertension and 50% had cerebral vascular accident (CVA) as the cause of death. ATN was present in 87% of these biopsies, AH in 31%, IF in 21%, IT in 27% and GS in 32%. DGF occurred in 80% and chronic allograft dysfunction was present in 53%. AH was the only histological finding associated with DGF and chronic allograft dysfunction at 1 year. Patients with AH had a lower eGFR at 1 year than patients without it (49.8 mL/min × 64.5 mL/min, P = 0.02). In the multivariate analysis, risk variables for development of chronic graft dysfunction were male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 3.159 [CI: 1.22–8.16]; P = 0.018), acute rejection (OR = 8.91 [CI: 2.21–35.92]; P = 0.002), donor hypertension (OR = 2.94 [CI: 1.10–7.84]; P = 0.031), AH (OR = 3.96 [CI: 1.46–10.70]; P = 0.007) and eGFR at discharge (OR = 0.96 [CI: 0.93–0.98]; P = 0.005). In multivariate analysis, risk factors for AH were donor age ≥ 50 years (OR = 2.46 [CI: 1.10–5.44]; P = 0.027) and CVA as the cause of donor death (OR = 2.33 [CI: 1.05–5.15]; P = 0.007).ConclusionThe presence of AH in post‐reperfusion biopsies is a marker of ageing and vascular disease and was associated with DGF and a one year poorer renal function. AH in donor biopsies superimposed to long ischaemic time is a predictor of renal function. The management of immunosuppression based on the presence of AH in post‐reperfusion biopsy could be useful to improve long term graft function.
How do primates affect seed germination? A meta‐analysis of gut passage effects on neotropical plants
Authors: Fuzessy Lisieux F. , Cornelissen Tatiana G. , Janson Charles , Silveira Fernando A. O. 
Published: December 2015

Biotic seed dispersal is a key process maintaining biodiversity in tropical forests where most trees produce vertebrate‐dispersed seeds. Existing meta‐analyses suggest an overall positive effect of vertebrate gut passage on seed germination, but no significant effects for non‐flying mammals. However, previous meta‐analyses combined rodents (seed predators) and primates (seed dispersers) into the non‐flying mammals category, which may confound specific effects of each group on seed germination. However positive effects of monkeys on germination had previously been found in some studies. Here we disentangle the role of Neotropical primates as contributors to seed dispersal in tropical forests by running a meta‐analysis to determine the overall magnitude of gut passage effects on seed germination percentage and mean time to germination. We also compare effect sizes as a function of different feeding guilds, gut complexities, and seed size. Our results show a strong, positive effect of primates on seed germination percentage and on the number of days to first germination. Strictly frugivorous monkeys, the group most threatened by extinction, showed the highest dispersal quality, increasing germination percentage by 75%. Primates that include insects in their diets had no average effect on germination percentage or time. Gut passage had different outcomes on seeds with different sizes; both large and small seeds showed similar increases in germination percentages after gut passage, but only large seeds germinated faster than control seeds after gut passage. Our results show a relevant role for primates in providing high seed dispersal quality and as drivers of forest regeneration. The combined effects of defaunation and forest fragmentation may result in decreased regeneration of trees, which has the potential to affect negatively both forest structure and ecosystem processes. Finally, we provide general guidelines for standardizing research on seed dispersal by primates.SynthesisConsuming fleshy fruits and dispersing seeds is the main ecological service provided by vertebrates to plants. Vertebrate increases seed germination due to treatment given during digestive system passage. Previous meta‐analyses suggest an overall positive effect of vertebrate gut passage on germination, but no insights are available on its variation among different functional groups of mammals. Our analyses indicated that gut passage by Neotropical primates increased seed germination. Strict frugivores, the ones most threatened by extinction, were the most efficient. Our results show a relevant role for primates in providing high seed dispersal quality and as drivers of forest regeneration, which can be meaningful for conservation in a community scale.