bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synaptic properties of the lemniscal and paralemniscal pathways to the mouse somatosensory thalamus
Authors: Mo Christina , Petrof Iraklis , Viaene Angela N. , Sherman S. Murray 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Functional mapping of the routes of information processing is essential to understand how the brain operates. The main carriers of information are excitatory (glutamatergic) neurons, which form synapses that can either reliably deliver information or modify it. Using the somatosensory system in the mouse, we show that the two parallel glutamatergic routes from periphery to cortex should not be considered equal in carrying somatosensory information. Instead, one route has synapses solely suited for fast information transfer—the Lemniscal pathway—and the other suited for mainly modifying such information—the Paralemniscal pathway. This is an example of synaptic and anatomical analyses that inform circuit function and build on a framework for feedforward and feedback processing.
Bioinspired supramolecular fibers drawn from a multiphase self-assembled hydrogel
Authors: Wu Yuchao , Shah Darshil U. , Liu Chenyan , Yu Ziyi , Liu Ji , Ren Xiaohe , Rowland Matthew J. , Abell Chris , Ramage Michael H. , Scherman Oren A. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Fiber materials have great impact on our daily lives, with their use ranging from textiles to functional reinforcements in composites. Although the manufacturing process of manmade fibers is potentially limited by extensive energy consumption, spiders can readily spin silk fibers at room temperature. Here, we report a class of material that is based on a self-assembled hydrogel constructed with dynamic host–guest cross-links between functional polymers. Supramolecular fibers can be drawn from this hydrogel at room temperature. The supramolecular fiber exhibits better tensile and damping properties than conventional regenerated fibers, such as viscose, artificial silks, and hair. Our approach offers a sustainable alternative to current fiber manufacturing strategies.
Intestinal virome changes precede autoimmunity in type I diabetes-susceptible children
Authors: Zhao Guoyan , Vatanen Tommi , Droit Lindsay , Park Arnold , Kostic Aleksandar D. , Poon Tiffany W. , Vlamakis Hera , Siljander Heli , Härkönen Taina , Hämäläinen Anu-Maaria , Peet Aleksandr , Tillmann Vallo , Ilonen Jorma , Wang David , Knip Mikael , Xavier Ramnik J. , Virgin Herbert W. 
Published: July 2017

Significance
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a major autoimmune disease with increasing incidence in recent years. In this study, we found that the intestinal viromes of cases were less diverse than those of controls. We identified eukaryotic viruses and bacteriophage contigs that are associated with the presence or absence of autoimmunity. These viruses provide targets for future mechanistic studies to differentiate causal and incidental associations between the virome and protection against the development of T1D.
From fatalism to mass action to incorporation to neoliberal individualism: worker safety on South African mines, c.1955–2016
Authors: Stewart Paul , Nite Dhiraj Kumar 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The article resurfaces ‘tacit knowledge’ to periodise developments in worker safety in South African mines. ‘Tacit knowledge’ evolved over time, is orally transmitted, learned on the job, and is central to worker safety; it lay behind acts of resistance and demands for a safer mining workplace which underpinned unionisation, and which won worker safety representation under apartheid. Under democracy, a modern consultative tripartite legislative safety regime was instituted. With worker representation institutionalised, health and safety legislation enacted and tripartite institutions established, procedural compliance eclipsed workers’ ‘tacit knowledge’. The right to refuse to do dangerous work, state-initiated safety work stoppages and the impact on safety of inter-union rivalry are currently in the spotlight and are noted below. With the state firmly in neoliberal mode post-Fordism, this article concludes by noting the emergence of the individualisation of safety – ironically motivated by a behaviourist construal of ‘tacit beliefs’ underpinning a major industry safety initiative.
Gyrokinetic projection of the divertor heat-flux width from present tokamaks to ITER
Authors: Chang C.S. , Ku S. , Loarte A. , Parail V. , Köchl F. , Romanelli M. , Maingi R. , Ahn J.-W. , Gray T. , Hughes J. , LaBombard B. , Leonard T. , Makowski M. , Terry J. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The XGC1 edge gyrokinetic code is used to study the width of the heat-flux to divertor plates in attached plasma condition. The flux-driven simulation is performed until an approximate power balance is achieved between the heat-flux across the steep pedestal pressure gradient and the heat-flux on the divertor plates. The simulation results compare well against the empirical scaling λ
q

∝

1/

B

P

γ

obtained from present tokamak devices, where λ
q is the divertor heat-flux width mapped to the outboard midplane, γ  =  1.19 as found by Eich et al (2013 Nucl. Fusion
53 093031), and B
P is the magnitude of the poloidal magnetic field at the outboard midplane separatrix surface. This empirical scaling predicts λ
q  ≲  1 mm when extrapolated to ITER, which would require operation with very high separatrix densities (n
sep/n
Greenwald  >  0.6) (Kukushkin et al 2013 J. Nucl. Mater. 438 S203) in the Q  =  10 scenario to achieve semi-detached plasma operation and high radiative fractions for acceptable divertor power fluxes. Using the same simulation code and technique, however, the projected λ
q for ITER’s model plasma is 5.9 mm, which could be suggesting that operation in the ITER Q  =  10 scenario with acceptable divertor power loads may be obtained over a wider range of plasma separatrix densities and radiative fractions. The physics reason behind this difference is, according to the XGC1 results, that while the ion magnetic drift contribution to the divertor heat-flux width is wider in the present tokamaks, the turbulent electron contribution is wider in ITER. Study will continue to verify further this important projection. A high current C-Mod discharge is found to be in a mixed regime: While the heat-flux width by the ion neoclassical magnetic drift is still wider than the turbulent electron heat-flux width, the heat-flux magnitude is dominated by the narrower electron heat-flux.
Tadalafil Improves L-NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester-Induced Preeclampsia With Fetal Growth Restriction-Like Symptoms in Pregnant Mice
Authors: Yoshikawa Kento , Umekawa Takashi , Maki Shintaro , Kubo Michiko , Nii Masafumi , Tanaka Kayo , Tanaka Hiroaki , Osato Kazuhiro , Kamimoto Yuki , Kondo Eiji , Ikemura Kenji , Okuda Masahiro , Katayama Kan , Miyoshi Takekazu , Hosoda Hiroshi , Ma Ning , Yoshida Toshimichi , Ikeda Tomoaki 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
We investigated the efficacy and mechanisms of tadalafil, a selective phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, in treating preeclampsia (PE) with fetal growth restriction (FGR) using L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced PE with FGR in pregnant mice as our experimental model.

METHODS
C57BL/6 mice were divided into 2 groups 11 days postcoitum (d.p.c.). A control group of dams (C dam) received 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). A L-NAME-treated group received 1 mg/ml L-NAME dissolved in CMC. The L-NAME-treated dams were divided into 2 subgroups 13 d.p.c. One subgroup continued to receive L-NAME (L dams). The other subgroup received L-NAME with 0.08 mg/ml tadalafil suspended in CMC (TL dams). Maternal systolic blood pressure (SBP) and proteinuria were assessed 16 d.p.c. Fetal weight was recorded, and placentas and maternal kidneys were collected 17 d.p.c.

RESULTS
Maternal SBP, proteinuria, and fetal weight were improved for TL dams compared to L dams. The placental concentration of placental growth factor (PlGF) was higher for TL dams than for the C and L dams. The placental maternal blood sinuses of L dams were narrower than those of C dams, but those of TL dams improved to a similar width as C dams. Glomerular oxidative stress was ameliorated in TL dams compared to L dams.

CONCLUSIONS
Tadalafil dilates the placental maternal blood sinuses, which leads to increase PlGF production, and contributes to facilitate fetal growth and improve maternal SBP. Moreover, tadalafil ameliorates glomerular damage by reducing oxidative stress. These results suggest that tadalafil is a candidate for treatment of PE with FGR.
Out of air
Authors: Mendenhall Ann M. , Forest Christopher P. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
As more people travel to high altitudes for recreation or work, more travelers with underlying medical conditions will need advice before traveling or treatment for altitude illness. This article focuses on the two main issues for travelers: whether travel to a high altitude will have a negative effect on their underlying medical condition and whether the medical condition increases the patient's risk of developing altitude illness. Although patients with severe pulmonary or cardiac conditions are most at risk in the hypoxic environment, other conditions such as diabetes and pregnancy warrant attention as well.
Pregnancy-Related Mortality in the United States, 2011–2013
Authors: Creanga Andreea A. , Syverson Carla , Seed Kristi , Callaghan William M. 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To update national population-level pregnancy-related mortality estimates and examine characteristics and causes of pregnancy-related deaths in the United States during 2011–2013.

METHODS:
We conducted an observational study using population-based data from the Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System to calculate pregnancy-related mortality ratios by year, age group, and race–ethnicity groups. We explored 10 cause-of-death categories by pregnancy outcome during 2011–2013 and compared their distribution with those in our earlier reports since 1987.

RESULTS:
The 2011–2013 pregnancy-related mortality ratio was 17.0 deaths per 100,000 live births. Pregnancy-related mortality ratios increased with maternal age, and racial–ethnic disparities persisted with non-Hispanic black women having a 3.4 times higher mortality ratio than non-Hispanic white women. Among causes of pregnancy-related deaths, the following groups contributed more than 10%: cardiovascular conditions ranked first (15.5%) followed by other medical conditions often reflecting pre-existing illnesses (14.5%), infection (12.7%), hemorrhage (11.4%), and cardiomyopathy (11.0%). Relative to the most recent report of Pregnancy Mortality Surveillance System data for 2006–2010, the distribution of cause-of-death categories did not change considerably. However, compared with serial reports before 2006–2010, the contribution of hemorrhage, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and anesthesia complications declined, whereas that of cardiovascular and other medical conditions increased (population-level percentage comparison).

CONCLUSION:
The pregnancy-related mortality ratio and the distribution of the main causes of pregnancy-related mortality have been relatively stable in recent years.
Chlorhexidine-Alcohol Compared With Povidone-Iodine for Preoperative Topical Antisepsis for Abdominal Hysterectomy
Authors: Uppal Shitanshu , Bazzi Ali , Reynolds R. Kevin , Harris John , Pearlman Mark D. , Campbell Darrell A. , Morgan Daniel M. 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVE:
To compare preoperative chlorhexidine-alcohol topical antiseptic agent with povidone-iodine in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy for benign indications.

METHODS:
A retrospective cohort study of patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy from July 2012 to February 2015 in the Michigan Surgical Quality Collaborative was performed. The primary exposure was the use of chlorhexidine-alcohol or povidone-iodine. The primary outcome was surgical site infection within 30 days. Multivariable logistic regression and propensity score matching analysis were done to estimate the independent association of skin antiseptic choice on the rate of surgical site infection.

RESULTS:
Of the total 4,259 abdominal hysterectomies included, chlorhexidine-alcohol was used in 70.5% (n=3,005) and povidone-iodine in 29.5% (n=1,254) of surgeries. The overall unadjusted rate of any surgical site infection was 2.9% (95% CI 2.5–3.5; n=124). The unadjusted rate of surgical site infection 2.6% (95% CI 2.1–3.3; n=79) for chlorhexidine-alcohol and 3.6% (95% CI 2.7–4.8; n=45; P=.09) for the povidone-iodine group. Using multivariate logistic regression and adjusting for differences between populations in patient demographic factors (age and body mass index), medical comorbidities (American Society of Anesthesiologists class and diabetes status), perioperative variables (estimated blood loss, surgical time, intraoperative adhesions, and antibiotic categories), and hospital characteristics (bed size and teaching status), we estimate that patients receiving chlorhexidine-alcohol had 44% lower odds of developing a surgical site infection (adjusted odds ratio 0.56, 95% CI 0.37–0.85, P=.01). Propensity score matching (one to one) yielded 808 patients in the chlorhexidine-alcohol group and 845 patients in the povidone-iodine group. In the matched groups, the rate of surgical site infection was 1.5% (95% CI 0.8–2.6; n=12) for the chlorhexidine-alcohol group and 4.7% (95% CI 3.5–6.4; n=40) for the povidone-iodine group (P<.001).

CONCLUSION:
In abdominal hysterectomy performed for benign indications, chlorhexidine-alcohol-based skin antisepsis is associated with overall lower odds of surgical site infection compared with povidone-iodine.
Intraoperative Video Production With a Head-Mounted Consumer Video Camera
Authors: Avery Matthew C. 
Published: July 2017

Summary:
The use of high-definition video in surgical education is becoming increasingly popular. Because of the availability of relatively inexpensive, consumer-grade video cameras, surgeons with minimal video production experience can produce high-quality surgical videos. A number of video capture methods are available, with varying degrees of production quality, economic constraint, and level of attention required from the operating surgeon. The accompanying video provides an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of several options and describes a technique for capturing intraoperative video with the use of a head-mounted, consumer video camera.
Percutaneous Repair of a Schatzker III Tibial Plateau Fracture Assisted by Arthroscopy
Authors: Egol Kenneth A. , Cantlon Matthew , Fisher Nina , Broder Kari , Reisgo Aldo 
Published: July 2017

Purpose:
Tibial plateau fractures are articular fractures that sometimes prove difficult to effectively manage and treat. Although fluoroscopy is frequently used to assess the articular reduction in the surgical repair of tibial plateau fractures, this video demonstrates the additional benefit of arthroscopy in assisting with the articular reconstruction of a Schatzker III tibial plateau fracture.

Methods:
The goal of operative treatment of tibial plateau is reconstruction of the articular surface followed by reestablishment of tibial alignment. Arthroscopy has been advocated as a possible supplement to the operative treatment of tibial plateau fractures. Arthroscopy-assisted fracture reduction has been shown to provide a significantly improved visualization of fracture fragment displacement when compared with traditional fluoroscopy use in select cases.

Results:
This video demonstrates the use of arthroscopy to visualize the articular surface and aid in reduction during fixation of a tibial plateau fracture. Initially, arthroscopic visualization confirms depression of lateral tibial plateau and the elevation of the fractured segment. After fixation with 2 partially threaded cancellous screws, arthroscopy confirms articular reduction and normal relation of lateral meniscus to the articular surface.

Conclusions:
Arthroscopic visualization is a reliable technique for assessing articular reduction during surgical repair of a tibial plateau fracture. In addition, this technique enables the surgeon to assess for soft tissue injuries that could potentially go undiagnosed.
Posterolateral Bone Grafting for Distal Tibia Nonunion
Authors: Konda Sanjit , Saleh Hesham , Fisher Nina , Egol Kenneth A. 
Published: July 2017

Introduction:
This video demonstrates the technique of posterolateral bone grafting with iliac crest bone graft for a distal tibial nonunion.

Methods:
The patient is a 42-year-old man who is 6 months status post an open distal tibia–fibula fracture treated surgically, and presents complaints of persistent right ankle pain. The fracture site was tender to palpation, and 3 consecutive plain radiographs spaced 6 weeks apart demonstrated no evidence of callus formation.

Results:
This patient was indicated for posterolateral bone grafting of his tibia and fibula nonunion with autogenous iliac crest bone graft. The plan was to create a synostosis between the fibula and tibia. Atrophic and oligotrophic nonunions have poor biology at the fracture site to promote bone growth and would therefore benefit from autogenous iliac bone graft, as this technique is osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic stem cells. Indications for posterolateral bone grafting of the tibia include atrophic or oligotrophic nonunions, an ipsilateral same level tibia and fibula nonunion, or a tibial nonunion with a large anteromedial soft-tissue injury.

Conclusion:
The technique of posterolateral bone grafting with iliac crest bone graft for distal third tibia and fibula atrophic nonunion provides a reliable method for achieving union. If patients with injuries at high risk of nonunion are followed closely and intervention is performed in a timely manner, additional fixation or revision of fixation is not necessary if the addition of appropriate osteoinductive, osteoconductive, and osteogenic material to the nonunion is performed.
Navigating the cervical cancer screening guidelines for women aged older than 65 years
Authors: Miller Taniqua A. , Flowers Lisa 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
One of the most notable changes stemming from consensus guidance in 2012 is cessation of cervical cancer screening in low-risk women aged older than 65 years. Despite evidence provided for this recommendation, implementation in clinical practice can be challenging, with resistance from patients and providers. This NAMS Practice Pearl reviews data supporting this recommendation and provides clinicians with confidence as we counsel our patients.
Factors associated with different symptom domains among postmenopausal Saudi women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlQuaiz AlJohara M. , Kazi Ambreen , Habib Fawzia , AlBugami Muneerah , AlDughaither Aida 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objective:
To determine factors associated with different symptom domains among postmenopausal Saudi women in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional study, interviews were conducted with 542 postmenopausal Saudi women, comprising sociodemographic history, social support, and the Menopause-specific Quality of Life questionnaire.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 58 (±7.0) years, and the mean age at menopause was 49 (±4.7) years. We found that 41% (n = 224), 14.4% (n = 78), 57% (n = 307), and 12.7% (n = 69) of women reported severe/moderate impact of vasomotor, psychosocial, physical, and sexual symptoms, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that lacking emotional support was associated with severe/moderate vasomotor (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1, 2.3), psychosocial (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2, 3.4), and physical (aOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2, 2.6) symptoms. Lack of tangible social support was associated with severe/moderate sexual symptoms (aOR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0, 3.4). In addition, women who worked (aOR 1.8, 95% CI 1.1, 3.2), were obese (aOR 2.0, 95% CI 1.0, 4.1), lived in rented accommodations (aOR 3.9, 95% CI 1.2, 13.1), or had a retired spouse (aOR 1.6, 95% CI 1.0, 2.4) had higher odds for moderate/severe menopausal symptoms.

Conclusions:
Establishing educational and counseling programs for postmenopausal women, their spouses, and other family members could improve social support and hence quality of life of postmenopausal women. Effective preventive strategies to deal with modifiable risk factors, such as obesity and work stress, should also be implemented.
Patient characteristics, menopause symptoms, and care provided at an interdisciplinary menopause clinic: retrospective chart review
Authors: Sydora Beate C. , Yuksel Nese , Veltri Nicole L. , Marillier Justin , Sydora Christoph P. , Yaskina Maryna , Battochio Lori , Shandro Tami M.L. , Ross Sue 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Objective:
The goal of this study was to describe the characteristics, menopause symptoms, and treatment progressions in women cared for at an interdisciplinary menopause clinic.

Methods:
We conducted a retrospective review of patient charts from women attending a multidisciplinary menopause clinic. Data collected from the charts included patient demographics, menopause symptoms, other concurrent medical conditions, and treatment recommendations. Data were entered into Research Electronic Data Capture database and analyzed descriptively. Generic symptom severity questionnaires were used to compare severity scores from initial to follow-up visits.

Results:
Among the 198 women (mean age 52.1 y [±SD 6.3], 63.6% postmenopausal), the most common moderate/severe menopause symptoms were as follows: difficulty staying asleep or waking frequently (76.3%), tiredness (73.7%), and lack of interest in sex (60.1%). Women tended to have complex chronic medical conditions, with 54.5% suffering from four or more concurrent medical conditions. The majority of women (70.2%) were recommended various forms of hormone therapy. Women with a follow-up visit at 3 to 4 months reported a reduction in symptom severity.

Conclusions:
Our study addresses a gap in published information on patient characteristics and treatment in menopause-specific interdisciplinary clinics. The chart review highlights the variety of symptom experience and complexity of care faced in a menopause clinic. Rigorous prospective studies including standardized data collection and follow-up are needed to help guide clinicians in managing complex menopause patients.
Autonomic responses to tonic pain are more closely related to stimulus intensity than to pain intensity
Authors: Nickel Moritz M. , May Elisabeth S. , Tiemann Laura , Postorino Martina , Ta Dinh Son , Ploner Markus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPain serves the protection of the body by translating noxious stimulus information into a subjective percept and protective responses. Such protective responses rely on autonomic responses that allocate energy resources to protective functions. However, the precise relationship between objective stimulus intensity, subjective pain intensity, autonomic responses, and brain activity is not fully clear yet. Here, we addressed this question by continuously recording pain ratings, skin conductance, heart rate, and electroencephalography during tonic noxious heat stimulation of the hand in 39 healthy human subjects. The results confirmed that pain intensity dissociates from stimulus intensity during 10 minutes of noxious stimulation. Furthermore, skin conductance measures were significantly related to stimulus intensity but not to pain intensity. Correspondingly, skin conductance measures were significantly related to alpha and beta oscillations in contralateral sensorimotor cortex, which have been shown to encode stimulus intensity rather than pain intensity. No significant relationships were found between heart rate and stimulus intensity or pain intensity. The findings were consistent for stimulation of the left and the right hands. These results suggest that sympathetic autonomic responses to noxious stimuli in part directly result from nociceptive rather than from perceptual processes. Beyond, these observations support concepts of pain and emotions in which sensory, motor, and autonomic components are partially independent processes that together shape emotional and painful experiences.