bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Content evaluation of pruritus, skin pain and sleep disturbance patient-reported outcome measures for adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: qualitative interviews
Authors: Blauvelt Andrew , Reckleff Jennifer , Zhao Yang , Clark Marci , Kosa Katherine , Harris Nimanee , Esfandiari Ehsanollah , Martin Susan , Whalley Diane , Guttman-Yassky Emma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Pruritus, skin pain and sleep disturbance place a significant burden on individuals with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) and negatively affect their quality of life. Fit-for-purpose patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) that assess AD-related pruritus, skin pain and sleep disturbance are important for evaluating the effectiveness of new AD treatments.

Objectives
To evaluate the content validity of five AD-related PROMs in adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe AD [the Worst Pruritus Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), the AD Skin Pain NRS, the Sleep Disturbance NRS, the skin pain-specific Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) and the skin pain-specific Patient Global Impression of Severity (PGIS)], and to assess patient-reported experience with pruritus, skin pain and sleep disturbance.

Methods
A qualitative study in adolescents (aged 12–17 years) and adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with moderate-to-severe AD was conducted in two consecutive stages. In each stage, two iterative rounds of individual interviews were conducted by experienced interviewers. All interviews included concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing components. Data were analysed using thematic analysis.

Results
Twenty-seven adults and 20 adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD took part in the initial content evaluation (stage 1) of the Worst Pruritus NRS (1.0) and AD Skin Pain NRS (1.0) (n = 26; 16 adults, 10 adolescents) and in the subsequent content evaluation (stage 2) of the revised Worst Pruritus NRS (1.1), revised AD Skin Pain NRS (1.1), Sleep Disturbance NRS, skin pain-specific PGIC and skin pain-specific PGIS (n = 21; 11 adults, 10 adolescents). The results were generally aligned and consistent for adult and adolescent participants. Additionally, we found that sleep disturbance is relevant and important for evaluation in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD (stage 2), while also providing further confirmation of this for pruritus and skin pain (stages 1 and 2).

Conclusions
Our findings support the content validity of the revised Worst Pruritus NRS (1.1), revised AD Skin Pain NRS (1.1), Sleep Disturbance NRS, skin pain-specific PGIC and skin pain-specific PGIS in individuals aged ≥ 12 years with moderate-to-severe AD. Furthermore, the findings support sleep disturbance, skin pain and pruritus as being relevant and important for adolescents and adults with moderate-to-severe AD.
Do large language model chatbots perform better than established patient information resources in answering patient questions? A comparative study on melanoma
Authors: Kamminga Nadia C W , Kievits June E C , Plaisier Peter W , Burgers Jako S , van der Veldt Astrid M , van den Brand Jan A G J , Mulder Mark , Wakkee Marlies , Lugtenberg Marjolein , Nijsten Tamar 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Large language models (LLMs) have a potential role in providing adequate patient information.

Objectives
To compare the quality of LLM responses with established Dutch patient information resources (PIRs) in answering patient questions regarding melanoma.

Methods
Responses from ChatGPT versions 3.5 and 4.0, Gemini, and three leading Dutch melanoma PIRs to 50 melanoma-specific questions were examined at baseline and for LLMs again after 8 months. Outcomes included (medical) accuracy, completeness, personalization, readability and, additionally, reproducibility for LLMs. Comparative analyses were performed within LLMs and PIRs using Friedman’s Anova, and between best-performing LLMs and gold-standard (GS) PIRs using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.

Results
Within LLMs, ChatGPT-3.5 demonstrated the highest accuracy (P = 0.009). Gemini performed best in completeness (P &lt; 0.001), personalization (P = 0.007) and readability (P &lt; 0.001). PIRs were consistent in accuracy and completeness, with the general practitioner’s website excelling in personalization (P = 0.013) and readability (P &lt; 0.001). The best-performing LLMs outperformed the GS-PIR on completeness and personalization, yet it was less accurate and less readable. Over time, response reproducibility decreased for all LLMs, showing variability across outcomes.

Conclusions
Although LLMs show potential in providing highly personalized and complete responses to patient questions regarding melanoma, improving and safeguarding accuracy, reproducibility and accessibility is crucial before they can replace or complement conventional PIRs.
A 3-year national DRL for CT in hybrid imaging study in Kuwait health environment—impact and implementation
Authors: Masoomi Michael , Al-Kandari Latifah , Al-Shammeri Iman , Elrahman Hany , Al-Shammeri Jehan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) for CT in PET-CT are limited, and published DRLs from other countries may not be directly applicable to the State of Kuwait (KW). The authors aimed to carry out the final phase of a 3-year study on DRLs in KW, supporting optimization and dose reduction as imaging technology advances.

Methods
In this cohort study, 400 adult oncology patients from 8 PET-CT centres were included, following the same procedures as in the first (2018) and second (2020) years, in accordance with the MOH-KW Ethical Committee’s recommendations. The CT dose index (CTDIvol), dose-length product (DLP), and scan length were recorded, and the median, mean, standard deviation, as well as the 75th and 25th percentiles, along with the whole-body (WB) effective dose (ED), were calculated. Comparative studies were conducted to track implementation and identify any shortfalls.

Results
In this study, half-body (HB) and WB scans accounted for 66% and 34% of the total 400 cases, respectively. The proposed local DRL practice among the 8 centres in the 2022 study exhibited a maximum variation of 25%, showing a 30% improvement over 2020. The achievable local DRL remained consistent with 2020 levels. Comparative results of the third quartile DLP (476 mGy cm) and CTDIvol (4 mGy) values for 2022 indicated lower values for the third phase (400 entries) compared to 2020, with a 1.5-fold variation in DLP. The calculated ED for WB scans ranged from 2.6 to 7.1 mSv, with mean values of 4.7 ± 1.25 mSv, using a conversion factor (k = 0.0093 mSv/mGy/cm). The 2022 proposed national diagnostic reference levels (NDRLs) for HB (469 mGy cm, 4.0 mGy) were lower than the Swiss National Data (620 mGy cm, 6.0 mGy) and France (628 mGy cm, 6.6 mGy), but slightly higher than those of the United Kingdom (400 mGy cm, 4.3 mGy), despite the Swiss having about 5000 entries, France 1000 entries, and the United Kingdom 370 HB entries.

Conclusions
There was a 11.1% continuous improvement in NDRL for 2022 compared to 9.1% in 2020 and 13% in 2018, demonstrating a trend of enhanced optimization.

Advances in knowledge
The data established a trend of NDRL for WBCT (PET-CT) that can serve as a national databank for ongoing optimization. This promotes improvements in patient protection and quality care within the clinical environment of the State of Kuwait, aligning with the strategic goals of Kuwait Vision-2035.
Bacterial microbiome and their assembly processing in two sympatric desert rodents (Dipus sagitta and Meriones meridianus) from different geographic sources
Authors: Tuoliu Dilala , Cheng Jilong , Xia Lin , Wen Zhixin , Wang Muyang , Yang Weikang , Yang Qisen 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The microbiome of mammals has profound effects on host fitness, but the process, which drives the assembly and shift of mammalian microbiome remains poorly understood. To explore the patterns of small mammal microbial communities across host species and geographical sites and measure the relative contributions of different processes in driving assembly patterns, 2 sympatric desert rodent species (Dipus sagitta and Meriones meridianus) were sampled from 2 geographically distant regions, which differed in the environment, followed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The microbiomes differed significantly between D. sagitta and M. meridianus, and linear mixed modeling (LMM) analysis revealed that microbial diversity was mostly affected by species rather than the environment. For each rodent species, the microbiome diversity and structure differed across geographical regions, with individuals from lower rainfall environments exhibiting greater diversity. The null modeling results suggested dispersal limitation and ecological drift rather than differential selective pressures acting on the microbiome. In addition, each group had a different core genus, suggesting that the taxonomic composition of the microbiome was shaped most strongly by stochastic processes. Our results suggest that variation in the microbiome between hosts, both within and among geographic rodent populations, is driven by bacterial dispersal and ecological drift rather than by differential selective pressures. These results elucidated the diversity patterns and assembly processes of bacterial microbiomes in small desert mammals. Deciphering the processes shaping the assembly of the microbial community is a premise for better understanding how the environment-host-microbe interactions of mammals are established and maintained, particularly in the context of increased environmental disturbances and global changes.
Impact of cannabis use on presentation and treatment response in eosinophilic esophagitis
Authors: Borinsky Stephanie A , Weir Alexandra A , LaFata Sean S , Gee Timothy S , Thel Hannah L , Cameron Brenderia A , Xue Angela Z , Kiran Akshatha , Ocampo Adolfo A , McCallen Justin , Lee Christopher J , Redd Walker D , Barlowe Trevor S , Kaakati Rayan N , Cotton Cary C , Eluri Swathi , Reed Craig C , Dellon Evan S 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Cannabis use is becoming increasingly common, both for recreational and medical purposes. However, there is a paucity of data regarding cannabis use in the context of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). We aimed to determine the impact of cannabis use on presentation and treatment response in EoE. To this end, we conducted a retrospective cohort study at a large academic medical center of newly diagnosed EoE patients age ≥ 12 years. Self-reported cannabis use status, baseline characteristics, and treatment response to topical corticosteroids and dietary therapy data were extracted. Bivariate and multivariable analyses were used to compare cannabis users and non-users at time of EoE diagnosis and to assess treatment response. Of 983 EoE patients, 80 reported using cannabis, with the majority reporting daily use and administration by inhalation. Baseline symptoms and peak eosinophil count were similar between cannabis users and non-users; cannabis users were less likely to have baseline endoscopic findings of exudates, edema, and stricture, and lower total Endoscopic Reference Score. On multivariable analysis, younger age, male sex, non-White race, and psychiatric diagnosis were independently associated with history of cannabis use at EoE presentation and stricture was independently associated with cannabis non-use. Post-treatment symptom and histologic responses were similar between cannabis users and non-users though there was a higher odds of post-treatment endoscopic inflammatory features with cannabis use. In conclusion, despite presenting with milder initial endoscopic findings, cannabis users exhibited greater inflammatory findings after treatment, highlighting a potential negative influence of cannabis use on EoE management.
Hepatic T1 mapping as a novel cardio-hepatic axis imaging biomarker early after ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Authors: Bergamaschi Luca , Arangalage Dimitri , Maurizi Niccolò , Pizzi Carmine , Valgimigli Marco , Iglesias Juan F , Landi Antonio , Leo Laura Anna , Eeckhout Eric , Schwitter Juerg , Pavon Anna Giulia 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
The hepatic response after ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) may be associated with mortality and morbidity. We aimed to assess the cardio-hepatic axis post-STEMI using cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR).

Methods and results
This prospective, observational, single-centre study included consecutive patients with STEMI who underwent CMR after primary angioplasty from January 2015 to January 2019. Standard infarct characteristics were analysed, and hepatic T1 and hepatic extracellular volume (ECV) were assessed using pre- and post-contrast T1 mapping sequences. The primary endpoint was the relationship between native hepatic T1 values and ischaemic right ventricular (RV) involvement, determined by RV ejection fraction (EF) dysfunction and/or the presence of RV acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The diagnostic performance of hepatic T1 values for detecting RV involvement was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Of 177 consecutive patients with STEMI undergoing CMR, 142 were included. Patients with RV ischaemic involvement, compared with those without, had significantly higher native hepatic T1 (P &lt; 0.001) and hepatic ECV (P = 0.016). Hepatic T1 values demonstrated a good diagnostic performance in detecting RV involvement (AUC 0.826, P &lt; 0.001) and correlated positively with NT-proBNP values (r = 0.754, P &lt; 0.001). Patients with high hepatic T1 values (&gt; 605 ms) had significantly higher NT-proBNP levels (&lt; 0.001), larger RV end-diastolic volume (P &lt; 0.001), lower RVEF (P &lt; 0.001), and a higher prevalence of RV AMI (P = 0.022) compared with those with hepatic T1 ≤ 605 ms, whereas left ventricular EF and infarct size were similar. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified RVEF (P = 0.010) and NT-proBNP values (P &lt; 0.001) as independent predictors of increased hepatic T1 values. Patients with increased hepatic T1 values had a higher rate of rehospitalization for heart failure at 17-month follow-up (12.1 vs. 2.0%, P = 0.046).

Conclusion
Hepatic T1 mapping has emerged as a possible novel imaging biomarker of the cardio-hepatic axis in STEMI, being associated with RV involvement and increased NT-proBNP values.
Parathyroid carcinoma and atypical parathyroid tumor: analysis of an Italian database
Authors: Marini Francesca , Marcucci Gemma , Giusti Francesca , Arvat Emanuela , Benvenga Salvatore , Bondanelli Marta , Castellino Laura , Camozzi Valentina , Corbetta Sabrina , Davì Maria Vittoria , Famà Fausto , Ferone Diego , Iacobone Maurizio , Loli Paola , Mantovani Giovanna , Pagotto Uberto , Persani Luca , Perigli Giuliano , Piovesan Alessandro , Repaci Andrea , Ruggeri Rosaria Maddalena , Eller-Vainicher Cristina , Vera Lara , Zatelli Maria Chiara , Zavatta Guido , Brandi Maria Luisa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
Atypical parathyroid tumor (aPT) and parathyroid carcinoma (PC) are extremely rare parathyroid neoplasms, accounting together for &lt;2% of all parathyroid tumors. They often present an overlapping clinical phenotype, sharing clinical, biochemical, and some histological features. They are distinguished only by the presence of local invasion, and lymph nodes or distant metastasis, which are all absent in aPTs. To date, only few studies have compared clinical presentation and features between aPTs and PCs. Our purpose was to conduct a retrospective study on a multicenter Italian database of aPT and PC patients.

Design and methods
We comparatively analyzed main features of aPT (n = 57) and PC (n = 74) patients collected at 15 major endocrinology and endocrine surgery centers in Italy.

Results and conclusions
Atypical parathyroid tumors and PCs showed no significant differences in many clinical features and presented similar values of elevated parathyroid hormone and total serum calcium. Renal complications, namely nephrolithiasis and nephrocalcinosis, appeared to be more common in PC, with a significantly higher rate of renal colic, regardless of total serum calcium levels and 24-h calciuria. Parathyroid carcinomas showed significantly higher postoperative disease persistence and recurrence rates, presumably due to an uncomplete resection of the primary tumor in 23.5% of cases and/or presence of unremoved active metastasis, but they had similar disease-free mean time after surgery than aPT. To deepen the study of malignant parathyroid tumors, the institution of a novel Italian retro-prospective multicenter registry of aPTs and PCs is currently ongoing, and a dedicated PC European registry has been recently activated.
Palatal canine impaction is associated with craniofacial shape in humans
Authors: Athanasiou Maria , Papadopoulou Christianna I , Alamoudi Ragda , Halazonetis Demetrios , Verna Carlalberta , Gkantidis Nikolaos , Kanavakis Georgios 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background/Objectives
It is unclear whether palatal canine impaction is related to genetic or local/environmental factors. If a genetic origin is assumed, then it could be expected that palatal canine impaction is associated with overall craniofacial development. Within this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the craniofacial morphology of individuals with palatal canine impaction and compare it to a matched group of normal controls.

Materials/Methods
The sample for this investigation comprised 404 individuals (232 females and 172 males). Half of these individuals presented with unilateral or bilateral palatal canine impaction confirmed clinically and radiographically. The other half were matched for sex and age with the first half and comprised individuals without tooth impaction, apart from third molars. The shape of the craniofacial structures was outlined on calibrated cephalometric images through 15 curves and 127 landmarks (11 fixed and 116 semi-landmarks). Shape configurations were superimposed using Procrustes Superimposition and the resulting shape coordinates were reduced into principal components for all subsequent analyses. The effect of palatal canine impaction on craniofacial shape was assessed with regression models, separately in females and males. All statistical tests were performed assuming a type-1 error of 5%.

Results
Individuals with palatally impacted canines appear to have a less convex face, a more brachyfacial skeletal pattern, and a sagittally extended premaxilla. In females effect sizes ranged between η2 = 0.136–0.397 (P &lt; 0.05) and in males between η2 = 0.125–0.396 (P &lt; 0.05, apart from the entire craniofacial configuration: P = 0.259).

Limitations
Palatal canine impaction was not confirmed through cone beam computer tomography images in all patients, however, in those cases, the treatment history confirmed the diagnosis.

Conclusions/Implications
Palatal canine impaction is related to a distinct craniofacial shape in females and males. These findings allow for speculation that palatal canine impaction is affected by genetic pathways involved in overall craniofacial development.
Lonely, stressed-out moms
Authors: Bridgers Elena , Fox Molly M 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Perinatal mood and anxiety disorders (PMADs) are estimated to affect as many as 17.7% of mothers in agricultural and postindustrial societies. Various lines of research converge to suggest that PMADs may be ‘diseases of modernity’, arising from a mismatch between the environments in which humans evolved over hundreds of thousands of years and contemporary postindustrial lifestyles. Here we highlight the social context of childrearing by focusing on three sources of mismatch associated with PMADs: closer interbirth spacing, lack of allomaternal support and lack of prior childcare experience. The transitions to agriculture and industrialization disrupted traditional maternal support networks, allowing closer birth spacing without compromising infant survival but increasing maternal isolation. Caring for closely spaced offspring is associated with high levels of parenting stress, and poses a particular challenge in the context of social isolation. The mother’s kin and community play a critical role in allomothering (childcare participation) in all contemporary hunter-gatherer societies, facilitating a system of simultaneous care for children of a range of ages with unique age-specific needs. The absence of social support and assistance from allomothers in postindustrial societies leaves mothers at increased risk for PMADs due to elevated caregiving burdens. Furthermore, the traditional system of allomothering that typified human evolutionary history afforded girls and women experience and training before motherhood, which likely increased their self-efficacy. We argue that the typical postindustrial motherhood social experience is an evolutionary anomaly, leading to higher rates of PMADs.
Multipoint pacing is associated with improved prognosis and cardiac resynchronization therapy response: MORE-CRT MPP randomized study secondary analyses
Authors: Calò Leonardo , De Ruvo Ermenegildo , Kolb Christof , Janmohamed Amir , Marques Pedro , Defaye Pascal , Marquie Christelle , Piot Olivier , Grammatico Andrea , Lee Kwangdeok , Lin Wenjiao , Burri Haran , Sperzel Johannes , Thibault Bernard , Rinaldi Christopher , Leclercq Christophe 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Aims
Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) via biventricular (BIV) pacing is indicated in patients with heart failure (HF), reduced ejection fraction, and prolonged QRS duration. Quadripolar leads and multipoint pacing (MPP) allow multiple left ventricle (LV) sites pacing. We aimed to assess the clinical benefit of MPP in patients who do not respond to standard BIV pacing.

Methods and results
Overall, 3724 patients were treated with standard BIV pacing. After 6 months, 1639 patients were considered as CRT non-responders (echo-measured relative reduction in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) &lt; 15%) and randomized to MPP or BIV. We analysed 593 randomized patients (291 MPP, 302 BIV), who had BIV pacing &gt;97% of the time before randomization and complete 12 months of clinical and echocardiographic data. The endpoint composed of freedom from cardiac death and HF hospitalizations and by LVESV relative reduction ≥15% between randomization and 12 months occurred more frequently in MPP [96/291 (33.0%)] vs. BIV [71/302 (23.5%), P = 0.0103], which was also confirmed at multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 1.55, 95% confidence interval = 1.02–2.34, P = 0.0402 vs. BIV). HF hospitalizations occurred less frequently in MPP [14/291 (4.81%)] vs. BIV [29/302 (9.60%), incidence rate ratio = 50%, P = 0.0245]. Selecting patients with a large (&gt;30 ms) dispersion of interventricular electrical delay among the four LV lead dipoles, reverse remodelling was more frequent in MPP [18/51 (35.3%)] vs. BIV [11/62 (17.7%), P = 0.0335].

Conclusion
In patients who do not respond to standard CRT despite the high BIV pacing percentage, MPP is associated with lower occurrence of HF hospitalizations and higher probability of reverse LV remodelling compared with BIV pacing.