bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiovascular disease risk assessment in diabetes and metabolic syndrome patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Alim Mohammed , Sahay Rakesh K. , Hafiz Nuwairah , Prabhakar B. , Ibrahim Mohammed 
Published: November 2015

<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background:</span></strong><span lang="EN-US"> Recently non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been suggested as independent cardiovascular (CVD) risk factor and many studies have shown strong links between NAFLD and CVD but NAFLD has not been related to cardiovascular mortality independently on a long term follow up. Inflammation and oxidative stress is well recognized factors for NALFD which lead to many interrelated factors contributing to cardiovascular risk. Aim: To study the cardiovascular disease risk in diabetes and metabolic syndrome patients with and without NAFLD using different risk assessment calculators.</span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>This was a single center, prospective cross sectional study. 62 patients with diabetes and metabolic syndrome attending the endocrinology &amp; gastroenterology clinics of Osmania General Hospital were enrolled in to the study with 31 patients in group A (NAFLD) and 31 patients in group B (Non-NAFLD). Patients were diagnosed with fatty liver by ultrasound examination. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>The groups were individually evaluated for cardiovascular risk assessment by PROCAM risk score, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) score and atherosclerosis Index. The means ± standard(%) deviation of Procam risk score for NAFLD group was 6.00 ± 1.00 and for Non NAFLD group it was 10.00 ± 2.00 (p=0.039). ASCVD risk score shows 5.11 ± 1.12 for NAFLD and Non NAFLD group showed 8.25 ± 2.18 (p=0.235). The Atherosclerosis index for NAFLD group was 0.24 ± 0.03 and Non NAFLD 0.18 ± 0.04 (p=0.785). The QRsik2 score for NAFLD and Non-NAFLD patients was 13.16 ± 7.56 and 17.45 ± 10.36.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>There was no difference in CVD risk assessment when assessed with different calculators in this population.</p>
The effect of rectal progesterone on latency period as well as maternal and prenatal outcome between 24 to 33 weeks
Authors: Tahir Fadwah , Badawi Mohammed , Nuqali Abdulelah , Katib Yasir , Siddiqui Irfanallah Muhammad , Edris Fawaz , Madani Entsar , Morad Muaid , Taibah Omar , Al-Ghamdi Yahyah 
Published: November 2015

Preterm Premature Rupture Of Membranes (PPROM) is directly linked to prematurity associated with severe neonatal morbidity and mortality. Randomized clinical trials have shown that weekly injections of 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone (17P) or daily vaginal progesterone application decreases the number of preterm deliveries, particularly for women with a history of preterm delivery or those with a shortened cervix. However, no studies have yet been conducted to prove or disprove the effect of rectal progesterone on latency period. To address this issue,<strong> </strong>we will conduct a multicenter randomized triple-blind controlled trial of 216 participants (108 in each group) from January 1, 2016 to August 31, 2016. Inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, data collection procedure, data analysis, and assessment of safety procedures are explained in the study protocol.<strong> </strong>The primary objective will be to determine the effect of rectal progesterone on the latency period in PPROM. The secondary objective will be to study the effect of rectal progesterone on maternal outcomes of hospitalization, intensive care unit admission, chorioamnionitis, post-partum hemorrhage, post-partum pyrexia, endometritis, and maternal death. In addition, we will evaluate prenatal birth weight, Apgar score, neonatal morbidity, duration of neonatal intensive care unit stay, intrauterine fetal death, and neonatal death associated with PPROM.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties and Morphology of Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU)/Clay Composites
Authors: Crespo Janaina Silva , Pizzatto Leandro , Fiorio Rudinei , Giovanela Marcelo 
Published: November 2015

In this study, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composites were prepared with different nanoclay contents (1, 3 and 10 wt%). The nanoclay Cloisite ®30B (C30B) was dispersed in the TPU matrix by melt processing using a twin-screw extruder. The synthesis method of TPU involved the two-step bulk polymerization of polyesterpolyol and 4,4’ diphenylmethanediisocyanate with butane-1,4-diol as the chain extender. The dispersion of the nanoclay particles and its effect on the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites was investigated. The characterization of TPU/nanoclay composites was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersion microanalysis and X ray diffraction. The mechanical characterization was performed through determination of the tensile strength. The TPU 3 wt% composite showed the best improvement with increases in stress and tensile at break (28% and 35%, respectively), compared to the neat TPU (sample without nanoclay). The differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry analyses for composites indicated that the nanoclay did not affect significantly the glass transition, melt, and degradation temperatures of the polymeric matrix, but reduces the molecular mobility. http://dx.doi.org/10.18226/23185279.v3iss2p50
Effect of Current Density on Electrodeposition of Nickel-Organic Microcapsules Composite Coatings
Authors: Kholkin O. , Kurbatov A. , Beall Gary W. , Djenizian T. , Galeyeva A.K. , Lepikhin M.S. , Kokhmetova S.T. 
Published: November 2015

<p>A formation of protective composite coatings based on nickel and organic substance of inert nature, containing a corrosion inhibitor, encapsulated in a polymer shell, was studied. The microcapsules were synthesized in an aqueous-organic emulsion using the method of formation of shell of the modified gelatine on the surface of microdroplets. Composite coatings were obtained by electrochemical codeposition of nickel matrix and microcapsules, suspended in the electrolyte. Changes of surface morphology, microhardness and corrosive properties of coatings with respect to changes of deposition parameters of coatings were investigated. The distribution of particle sizes in coatings depending on the current density was studied. It was shown that an increase in the mass fraction of the microcapsules in the coating leads to an increase in its corrosion resistance.</p>
UV Curable Self-Healing Structural Epoxy Composite Materials Interfacial Polycondensation Microencapsulation of Healing Agent and Photo-Initiator
Authors: Ospanova G. , Koynov K. , Tleubayeva I. , Khudaibergenov B. , Iskakov R. 
Published: November 2015

<div>The ability of polymeric coatings to self-heal itself from mechanical damage is explored in this paper. Polymeric coatings with self-healing property is one of the important aspects in modern science. It can be used in industries such as oil industry (protection against corrosion), mechanical engineering, aircraft, etc. The polyurethane (PU) microparticles were synthesized on the basis of polypropyleneglycol (PPG) and toluene diisocyanate (TDI) with a method of interfacial polycondensation at the interface water-benzene. Further to study the surface morphology of the microcapsules with healing agent (trimethylolpropanetriacrylate–TMPTA) obtained PU was applied the method of scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. The PU microparticles hollow inside have regular spherical shape with a diameter of 5-10 µm with a dense and smooth polymerics shell. The resulting polyimide–olyurethane (PI–PU) composites have high potential to regenerate damaged surfaces not only on the surface and also in the volume of composite within several minutes.</div><div> </div>
Fuel-Rich Premixed n-Heptane/Toluene Flame: a Molecular Beam Mass Spectrometry and Chemical Kinetic Study
Authors: Knyazkov D.A. , Slavinskaya N.A. , Dmitriev A.M. , Shmakov A.G. , Korobeinichev O.P. , Riedel U. 
Published: November 2015

<p>The mole fraction profiles of major flame species and intermediates including PAH precursors are measured in an atmospheric premixed burner-stabilized fuel-rich (<em>φ</em> = 1.75) <em>n</em>-heptane/toluene/O<sub>2</sub>/Ar flame (<em>n</em>-heptane/toluene ratio is 7:3 by liquid volume). These data are simulated with a detailed, extensively validated chemical kinetic reaction mechanism for combustion of <em>n</em>-heptane/toluene mixture, involving the reactions of PAH formation. The mechanism is extended with cross reactions for <em>n</em>-heptane and toluene derivatives. A satisfactory agreement between the new experimental data on the structure of <em>n</em>-heptane/toluene flame and the numerical simulations is observed. The mechanism reported can be successfully used in the models of practical fuel surrogates for reproducing the formation of soot precursors. The analysis of the reaction pathways shows that in the flame of the <em>n</em>-heptane/toluene blend (7:3 liquid volume ratio) the reactions dominant for the formation of the first aromatic ring (benzene and phenyl) are as those typical for pure toluene flames. The discrepancies between the measured and calculated species mole fractions are detected as well. The steps for the mechanism improvements are determined on the basis of the sensitivity analysis performed. To our knowledge, the measurements of mole fraction profiles of PAH and intermediates reported here, are the first of its kind and represent an unique data set extremely important for validation of chemical kinetic mechanisms for combustion of practical fuels.</p><p> </p>
New Gas-Phase Catalytic Oxidative Processes for Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel
Authors: Ismagilov Z.R. , Kerzhentsev M.A. , Yashnik S.A. , Khairulin S.R. , Salnikov A.V. , Parmon V.N. , Bourane A. , Koseoglu O.R. 
Published: November 2015

<p>An effective gas-phase oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process was proposed. The process was studied in a laboratory reactor with a proprietary catalyst at 300-400 ºС and ambient pressure with model fuels represented by thiophene, dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) dissolved in octane, isooctane or toluene. The reactivity of different sulfur containing molecules in ODS was shown to increase in the sequence: thiophene &lt; DBT &lt; DMDBT. The main sulfur containing product of oxidation of these compounds was SO<sub>2</sub>. During the gas-phase ODS both processes of sulfur species oxidation and processes of their adsorption were observed and studied. Based on the conducted studies, different ODS process designs comprising its integration with adsorption and regeneration processes and with conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process were proposed. One scheme is based on alternating regimes of ODS and catalyst regeneration in two reactors: sulfur is removed from organic feedstock by oxidation and adsorption in one reactor while simultaneous regeneration of the catalyst that has accumulated sulfur compounds takes place in another reactor. Two other schemes are based on joint use of ODS and HDS. The conventional HDS process is most effective for removal of low-boiling sulfur containing compounds reactive with respect to hydrogen, while removal of refractory sulfur compounds, such as DMDBT is more easily achieved by gas phase ODS. Thus the combination of these processes is expected to be most efficient for deep desulfurization of diesel fuel.</p>
Determination of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Wastes and Sewage Water from Mining Industry by Chromato-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhuravlyova N.V. , Potokina R.R. , Ismagilov Z.R. 
Published: November 2015

A method for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in geoenvironmental subjects by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection was proposed. The distribution of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in wastes and sewage water samples from mining plants was studied. The presence of this compound in surface water was established. Other nitrogen-containing compounds, in particular, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and<br />2,4,-dinitrotoluene, were also identified in the studied samples.<br />The 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most important shattering explosive used for blasting out. This compound is highly toxic and stable to biodegradation. The TNT belongs to the second hazard class (highly hazardous); its maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in drinking water sources was strongly restricted, from 0.5 to 0.01 mg/L. A method for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in surface water, sewage water and wastes by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection has been developed. The TNT calibration curve was shown to be linear over the concentration range of 1.6-160 μg/mL, and the correlation factor of the line was equal to 0.997. The distribution of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in sewage water and wastes from mining plants has been studied. Mine water in the case of underground mining has high TNT concentrations, which cannot be decreased by the existing traditional methods of sewage water treatment. TNT is detected also in surface water after mine water disposal. Note that the TNT concentrations can exceed many times the maximum permissible concentrations prescribed for water works system.<br />2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,-dinitrotoluene, which can be considered as products of TNT metabolism, were also identified in the studied samples. The developed method and results of the present study make it possible to introduce the quantitative<br />determination of TNT and its metabolites into the programs for monitoring of surface water, sewage water and wastes in the mining plant sites in different countries as well in Russia, namely in Kuzbass.
Sorption of Perrhenate Ions by a New Anion Exchanger Based on an Oligomer of Epichlorohydrin and 4-vinylpyridine
Authors: Pidakhmet А. , Ergozhin E.E. , Chalov T.K. , Nikitina A.I. 
Published: November 2015

<p>In this study, oligomer epichlorohydrine (OECH) was crosslinked with 4-vinylpyridin (VP) present initiator of peroxide benzoyl (BP). The resulting anionite (OECH-VP) was characterized by scanning<br /> electron microscopy (SEM) and tested for perrhenate ions sorption. The new macropore anion exchange resin was synthesized by polycondensation of epichlorohydrin oligomer and 4-vinylpyridine, the static exchange capacity (SEC) of which is equal to 6.75 mg-equiv∙g<sup>-1</sup> in 0.1 M HCI solution and the sorption of perrhenate ions was studied. The influence of the concentration and pH of the model ammonium perrhenate solutions, contact time on the sorption activity of new anion exchangers (ECHO-VP) to perrhenate ions were studied. When studying the concentration effect of NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub> on the sorption of perrhenate ions by anionite ECHO-VP, the recovery degree at the content of 0.1-0.7 g/L of rhenium remained virtually unchanged and varied between 91- and 92%. When increasing the concentration of rhenium up to 1.02 g/L, the recovery degree (A) is reduced to 86%. The time to reach the equilibrium between the anion exchanger ECHO-VP and the solution of NH<sub>4</sub>ReO<sub>4</sub>, containing 0.94 g/L of rhenium and having a pH of 5.1 is 6 hours. Thus in the first 15 minutes 81% perrhenate ions are recovered. Structure of the surface anionite before and after sorption of rhenium ions were studied by electronic microscopy method. The results revealed that the anionite ECHO-VP has a folded surface with a developed system of macropores and the size of macropores was found to vary between 0.70-1.76 mc, and individual pores reach 2.59 mc. It was established that ion exchanger based on oligomers of epichlorohydrin and 4-vinylpyridine have better sorption properties for rhenium (VII) ions that a wide range of commercial sorbents. It was found that the sorption capacity and the extent of new anion extracting the perrhenate ions and reach their maximum values are respectively 371.6 mg∙Re/g and 99% at pH 5.1.</p>
Thermodynamic Modeling of ZnO Chlorination by Chlorohydrocarbons by Using «Astra» Software
Authors: Shevko V.M. , Badirova N.B. 
Published: November 2015

The disposal and recycling of chlorohydrocarbons waste from organic synthesis which is annually produced at least 1,5 million tons is one of the global problems and is under the great UN's attention. Organochlorine residues are xenobiotics and adversely affect the environment. Thermodynamic modeling of interactions in the systems ZnO-CHxCly (x + y= 4)-O2 for determination of the theoretical content of chlorohydrocarbons as chlorinating agents for extracting nonferrous metals from very concentrated ore is presented in this article. The studies were conducted using the "Astra" software based on the principle of maximum entropy. Infobase of the "Astra" complex contains information on 5547 compounds, 79 items codified in the National Bureau of Standards and the Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences.
The beta‐diversity of species interactions: Untangling the drivers of geographic variation in plant–pollinator diversity and function across scales
Authors: Burkle Laura A. , Myers Jonathan A. , Belote R. Travis 
Published: November 2015

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Geographic patterns of biodiversity have long inspired interest in processes that shape the assembly, diversity, and dynamics of communities at different spatial scales. To study mechanisms of community assembly, ecologists often compare spatial variation in community composition (beta‐diversity) across environmental and spatial gradients. These same patterns inspired evolutionary biologists to investigate how micro‐ and macro‐evolutionary processes create gradients in biodiversity. Central to these perspectives are species interactions, which contribute to community assembly and geographic variation in evolutionary processes. However, studies of beta‐diversity have predominantly focused on single trophic levels, resulting in gaps in our understanding of variation in species‐interaction networks (interaction beta‐diversity), especially at scales most relevant to evolutionary studies of geographic variation.METHODS:We outline two challenges and their consequences in scaling‐up studies of interaction beta‐diversity from local to biogeographic scales using plant–pollinator interactions as a model system in ecology, evolution, and conservation.KEY RESULTS:First, we highlight how variation in regional species pools may contribute to variation in interaction beta‐diversity among biogeographic regions with dissimilar evolutionary history. Second, we highlight how pollinator behavior (host‐switching) links ecological networks to geographic patterns of plant–pollinator interactions and evolutionary processes. Third, we outline key unanswered questions regarding the role of geographic variation in plant–pollinator interactions for conservation and ecosystem services (pollination) in changing environments.CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that the largest advances in the burgeoning field of interaction beta‐diversity will come from studies that integrate frameworks in ecology, evolution, and conservation to understand the causes and consequences of interaction beta‐diversity across scales.
Intentio et Adaequatio : Heidegger, Husserl et la neutralisation de la métaphysique
Authors: Renaudie Pierre-Jean 
Published: November 2015

Heidegger a souvent fait part de l’étendue de son admiration pour la 6 e Recherche logique de Husserl. Faut-il en conclure qu’à ses yeux Husserl avait d’une certaine façon réussi à maintenir cette exigence de « neutralité métaphysique » sous le signe de laquelle il avait voulu placer la phénoménologie naissante ? Cette étude se propose de suivre les deux lectures critiques que l’on peut dégager à partir des textes de Heidegger, en montrant que ceux-ci recouvrent deux façons très différentes de relire la théorie husserlienne de la vérité comme adéquation. Si la première de ces lectures conduit à une critique radicale de l’analogie sur laquelle repose la pensée catégoriale des Recherches logiques, la seconde se montre plus charitable dans sa défense d’une approche holistique du catégorial, et permet d’accorder une position originale à Husserl dans l’histoire de la métaphysique.
Des maternités anciennes aux maternités futures
Authors: Knibiehler Yvonne 
Published: November 2015

Jusqu’au xx e siècle, les mères et la maternité ont été subordonnées à la « puissance paternelle » ; ensuite, elles ont été soumises au « pouvoir médical ». Mais au-delà des pouvoirs en place, l’intimité de l’amour maternel assurait à la plupart des mères une influence souvent déterminante sur l’avenir de leurs enfants. Aujourd’hui, de nombreuses mères travaillent hors de leur foyer, pour assurer leur autonomie. Mais le Code du travail ne respecte pas leurs obligations familiales. L’accueil et la garde de leurs jeunes enfants posent des problèmes mal résolus. Il devient urgent de repenser la « parentalité » dans son ensemble. Aux mères de savoir faire entendre leurs revendications spécifiques.
Des professionnels aux parents : quelle transmission de la bien-traitance envers l’enfant ?
Authors: Rapoport Danielle 
Published: November 2015

De plus en plus nombreux sont les professionnels de l’enfance qui ont adopté la singularité du trait d’union de bien-traitance , apparue au début des années 1990 au sein du Comité de pilotage de l’Opération Pouponnières. Que porte-t-il de cette transmission de la bien-traitance envers l’enfant au quotidien, tout au long des processus d’identification en jeu dans les interrelations entre professionnels et parents, et de la construction de leur parentalité ?
La musique adoucit les mœurs
Authors: Bouteloup Philippe 
Published: November 2015

Le jeune enfant découvre-t-il le monde des sons et de la musique sans qu’on lui vienne en aide ? S’émouvoir en allant au spectacle, être heureux de chanter à tue-tête…, l’éveil à la musique, l’éveil à travers la musique, c’est d’abord de partager des moments de plaisir et d’émotion. Parallèlement au développement de l’exploration vocale, les adultes eux aussi vocalisent autour du berceau de l’enfant. Le babytalk, le parlé au bébé, joue un rôle important dans la rencontre de l’enfant avec sa propre voix. Écouter est un acte extrêmement diversifié. Le rôle de l’adulte est là très important : donner des pistes. Et c’est surtout dans son investissement et ses propres capacités d’écoute et de plaisir que l’écoute va prendre forme. Rien n’est plus essentiel que de s’émerveiller. Il est de notre devoir d’offrir aux enfants des choses qu’ils ne savent pas encore qu’ils vont les aimer.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease in a series of Sri Lankan patients
Authors: Kirihena K. D. R. A. , Gunarathna C. K. 
Published: November 2015

Laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPR) occurs due to reflux of gastric contents into the larynx, pharynx and upper aerodigestivetractas a result of upper oesophageal sphincter dysfunction. Other aliases commonly used are extraesophageal reflux, reflux laryngitis or posterior laryngitis. LPR contributes up to 50% of laryngeal complaints hence; it is commonly encountered in clinical practice. LPR is present in 4-10% of those with gastro oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) while, about 20-70% with LPR has symptoms of GORD. However, there is paucity of data regarding LPR, its characteristics and associations in a Sri Lankan population. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the demographic characteristics, presenting symptoms, dietary patterns and associations and laryngoscopic findings in the study population. It also explores the relationship between the reflux symptoms index (RSI) and the reflux findings score (RFS) and the effect of treatment on the above parameters.Ceylon Journal of Otolaryngology Vol.4(1) 2015 pp.9-12