bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An individual differences approach to semantic cognition: Divergent effects of age on representation, retrieval and selection
Authors: Hoffman Paul 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSemantic cognition refers to the appropriate use of acquired knowledge about the world. This requires representation of knowledge as well as control processes which ensure that currently-relevant aspects of knowledge are retrieved and selected. Although these abilities can be impaired selectively following brain damage, the relationship between them in healthy individuals is unclear. It is also commonly assumed that semantic cognition is preserved in later life, because older people have greater reserves of knowledge. However, this claim overlooks the possibility of decline in semantic control processes. Here, semantic cognition was assessed in 100 young and older adults. Despite having a broader knowledge base, older people showed specific impairments in semantic control, performing more poorly than young people when selecting among competing semantic representations. Conversely, they showed preserved controlled retrieval of less salient information from the semantic store. Breadth of semantic knowledge was positively correlated with controlled retrieval but was unrelated to semantic selection ability, which was instead correlated with non-semantic executive function. These findings indicate that three distinct elements contribute to semantic cognition: semantic representations that accumulate throughout the lifespan, processes for controlled retrieval of less salient semantic information, which appear age-invariant, and mechanisms for selecting task-relevant aspects of semantic knowledge, which decline with age and may relate more closely to domain-general executive control.
Tripolar mitosis drives the association between maternal genotypes ofPLK4and aneuploidy in human preimplantation embryos
Authors: McCoy Rajiv C. , Newnham Louise J. , Ottolini Christian S. , Hoffmann Eva R. , Chatzimeletiou Katerina , Cornejo Omar E. , Zhan Qiansheng , Zaninovic Nikica , Rosenwaks Zev , Petrov Dmitri A. , Demko Zachary P. , Sigurjonsson Styrmir , Handyside Alan H. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAneuploidy is prevalent in human preimplantation embryos and is the leading cause of pregnancy loss. Many aneuploidies arise during oogenesis, increasing in frequency with maternal age. Superimposed on these meiotic aneuploidies are a range of errors occurring during early mitotic divisions of the embryo, contributing to widespread chromosomal mosaicism. Here we reanalyzed a published dataset comprising preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in 24,653 blastomere biopsies from day-3 cleavage-stage embryos, as well as 17,051 trophectoderm biopsies from day-5 blastocysts. We focused on complex abnormalities that affected multiple chromosomes simultaneously, seeking to quantify their incidences and gain insight into their mechanisms of formation. In addition to well-described patterns such as triploidy and haploidy, we identified 4.7% of day-3 blastomeres possessing karyotypes suggestive of tripolar mitosis in normally-fertilized diploid zygotes or descendant diploid cells. We further supported this hypothesis using time-lapse data from an intersecting set of 77 cleavage-stage embryos. The diploid tripolar signature was rare among day-5 blastocyst biopsies (0.5%), suggesting that complex aneuploidy generated by tripolar mitosis impairs cellular and/or early embryonic survival. Strikingly, we found that the tripolar mitosis mechanism is responsible for the previously described association with common maternal genetic variants spanningPLK4. Our findings are consistent with the role ofPLK4as the master regulator of centriole duplication with a known capacity to induce tripolar mitosis when mutated or mis-expressed. Taken together, we propose that tripolar mitosis is a key mechanism generating karyotype-wide aneuploidy in cleavage-stage embryos and implicatePLK4-mediated centrosome abnormality as a factor influencing its occurrence.
Demographic consequences of invasion by a native, controphic competitor to an insular bird population
Authors: Johnson Kate M. , Germain R.R. , Tarwater C.E. , Arcese Peter 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSpecies invasions and range shifts can lead to novel competitive interactions between historically resident and colonizing species, but the demographic consequences of such interactions remain controversial. We present results from field experiments and 45 yrs of demographic monitoring to test the hypothesis that the colonization of Mandarte Is., BC, Canada, by fox sparrows (Passerella iliaca) caused the long-term decline of the song sparrow (Melospiza melodia) population resident there. Several lines of evidence indicate that competition with fox sparrows for winter food reduced over-winter survival in juvenile song sparrows, enforcing population decline despite an increase in annual reproductive rate in song sparrows over the same period. In contrast, we found no evidence of interspecific competition for resources during the breeding season. Our results indicate that in the absence of a sufficient ecological or evolutionary shift in niche dimension, range expansions by dominant competitors have the potential to cause the extirpation of historically resident species when competitive interactions between them are strong and resources not equitably partitioned.
Mathematical model of energy conversion mechanism in screw centrifugal pump based on load criteria of blade airfoil
Authors: Quan Hui , Fu Baiheng , Li Rennian , Li Guangxian , Zhang Zhengjie , Li Jin 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
To analyze the work principle and capacity of energy conversion in each segment of profile lines, the energy transfer from impeller to transmission medium is separated into head coefficient and load coefficient to analyze the energy transfer process. The concepts of airfoil lift coefficient and drag coefficient are used; the third manifestation of the Euler equations is used as well.

Design/methodology/approach
The numerical simulation of energy conversion mechanism based on load criteria of vane airfoil has been established in screw centrifugal pump to explain its energy conversion mechanism in an impeller. Upon this basis, the velocity and pressure along the entire blade are investigated through the numerical simulation of internal solid–liquid flow in the pump. The energy conversion process under load criteria in the blade airfoil has also been obtained.

Findings
The research suggests that the mathematical model of energy conversion mechanism based on the load criteria of the vane airfoil is reliable in the screw centrifugal pump. The screw centrifugal blade has twice or even several times the wrap angle than the ordinary centrifugal blade. It is a large wrap angle that forms the unique flow channel which lays the foundation for solid particles to pass smoothly and for soft energy conversion. At the same time, load distribution along the profile line on the long-screw centrifugal blade is an important factor affecting the energy conversion efficiency of the impeller.

Originality/value
The quantitative analysis method of energy in the screw centrifugal pump can help the pump designer improve certain features of the pump and shorten the research cycle.
Numerical simulation of the influence of particle shape on the mechanical properties of rockfill materials
Authors: Han Hongxing , Chen Wei , Huang Bin , Fu Xudong 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to propose a shape factor for granular materials based on particle shape. The scientific goal is to investigate the influence of particle shape on the mechanical properties of rockfill materials.Design/methodology/approachThe method of generating four regular-shaped particles is based on the observation that most rockfill grains are regarded as like-triangle, like-rhombus, like-square and like-hexagon. A shape factorFthat is developed using the Blaschke coefficient and a concave–convex degree is proposed. A biaxial compression test on rockfill materials under stress path is numerically simulated by discrete element method. The evolution of the shape factorFunder the simulated stress paths is analyzed, and particle breakage rate, peak intensity and peak-related internal friction angle for rockfill materials are derived. A method of determining the shape factorFinvolved in the two functions is proposed.FindingsA new micro-parameter is calibrated using the test data of one rockfill material. Particle shape greatly affects the particle breakage rate, peak intensity and peak-related internal friction angle for rockfill materials. The final experimental grading curves all approach the particle breakage grading curve proposed by Einav (the fractal dimension is 2.7).Originality/valueThis study proposes a shape factorF, which describes the geometric features of natural rockfill particles. The proposed shape factorFhas a simple structure, and its parameters are easy to determine. The method provides an opportunity for a quantitative study on the particle shape of granular materials, and this study helps to better understand the influence of particle shape on the mechanical characteristics of rockfill materials.
Two rebelling approaches but only one embraced by policy
Authors: Eklund Magnus , Waluszewski Alexandra 
Published: August 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold, first, to shed light on the different patterns in which international marketing and purchasing (IMP) and national innovation system (NIS) were embedded into the Swedish policy context, where the first approach must be regarded as a relative failure and the second a success, second, to compare their analytical lenses and policy implications through the study of a number of seminal texts of the two approaches.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a Swedish case is selected since it provides an example of a policy context where both approaches have been considered and used as sources of inspiration for the design of policy measures. Second, the authors study a selection of the seminal texts of the two approaches in order to identify their basic theoretical assumptions. The emphasis here lies on how the schools view the importance of relations between companies, how they perceive the innovation process, their attitude towards the neoclassical market model and the explicit and implicit implications of their theoretical assumptions for policy.FindingsIMP and its notion of the heterogeneity of resources can provide a much more context grounded analysis than is possible within the NIS/Lundvall framework. However, it requires deep contextual knowledge of individual companies, industries and national and international settings to understand the value of these resources. IMP is “tied to the ground” and radically critical of the atomistic abstractions characterising the neoclassical market view. NIS, on the other hand, requires contextual knowledge on a more superficial level and can co-exist with neoclassical economics.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the authors mainly focus on IMP and NIS, which date back to the 1980s, a later wave of concepts from the 1990s and onwards involve clusters (Porter, 1990), and triple helix (Etzkowitz and Leidesdorff, 1998). However, these latecomers share with NIS the ability to co-exist with neoclassical economics.Practical implicationsIMP requires high demands on any policy maker that would adopt it, in terms of acquiring deep contextual knowledge and giving up established views on how the economy worksOriginality/valueThe paper reveal that while both IMP and NIS like to present themselves as rebels radically departing from neoclassical economics and the linear model, NIS can still co-exist with neoclassical economics. Furthermore, IMP places high demands on any policy maker that would adopt it, in terms of acquiring deep contextual knowledge and giving up established views on how the economy works. NIS, on the other hand, requires contextual knowledge on a more superficial level.
Constructing definitions of sustainable development
Authors: Abrahams Gareth 
Published: August 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to ask how two normative definitions of sustainable development identified in the Brundtland report contribute to individual definitions constructed by a network of professional actors working in the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper draws on 74 questionnaires generated from a purposive sample of professional actors working in the construction sector. These questionnaires are analysed using a coding strategy based on pre-defined categories generated from a review of academic and policy literature.

Findings
The results show that these definitions mostly appeal to actors working in roles with a strong input into the design process. The evidence suggests that all professional actors in the construction industry construct definitions of sustainable development to valorise their professional role, to support professional critiques of the industry or to reinforce their personal ideological beliefs.

Research limitations/implications
These results present a challenge to a normative agenda aimed at “pinning the concepts down” to an unequivocal, universal definition. It suggests that research might be better redirected towards a context dependent and pragmatic use of the term.

Practical implications
These findings suggest that future policy making should acknowledge multiple, sector and role-specific definitions of sustainable development. It also suggests that a better understanding of this diversity within the construction industry could improve the efficiency of the design, procurement and construction process.

Originality/value
These findings provide new insight into the “in use” definitions of sustainable development in the construction industry and question some of the academic arguments that support a single, universal definition of the term.
Survival rate of titanium‐zirconium narrow diameter dental implants versus commercially pure titanium narrow diameter dental implants: A systematic review
Authors: Iegami Carolina Mayumi , Uehara Priscila Nakasone , Sesma Newton , Pannuti Cláudio Mendes , Tortamano Neto Pedro , Mukai Márcio Katsuyoshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundDespite the existence of several studies validating the use of narrow diameter implants, most of them are based on pure Ti alloys. There is few clinical evidence of the success of TiZr narrow diameter implants (TiZr NDIs) regarding survival rate (SR) and marginal bone loss (MLB).PurposeThe aim of this review was to systematically assess SR, as well as MBL of TiZr NDIs compared to commercially pure titanium narrow diameter implants (cpTi NDIs).Material and MethodsThe search was conducted in Medline/PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, and Embase databases (year 2000 to November 2016). Cohort studies and randomized trials were included.ResultsSix clinical studies from the 3453 articles initially identified met the inclusion criteria. There were no statistically significant differences in SR when TiZr NDIs and cpTi NDIs were compared in the 1‐year follow up (P = .5), or when comparing TiZr NDIs placed in posterior and anterior regions. There was no difference between groups regarding 1‐year SR: −0.01 (95% CI, −0.05‐0.03) and MLB: −0.01 mm (95% CI: −0.14‐0.12).ConclusionIt can be concluded that TiZr NDIs present similar success rates and peri‐implant bone resorption to cpTi NDIs.
Water Table Uncertainties due to Uncertainties in Structure and Properties of an Unconfined Aquifer
Authors: Hauser Juerg , Wellmann Florian , Trefry Mike 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe consider two sources of geology‐related uncertainty in making predictions of the steady‐state water table elevation for an unconfined aquifer. That is the uncertainty in the depth to base of the aquifer and in the hydraulic conductivity distribution within the aquifer. Stochastic approaches to hydrological modeling commonly use geostatistical techniques to account for hydraulic conductivity uncertainty within the aquifer. In the absence of well data allowing derivation of a relationship between geophysical and hydrological parameters, the use of geophysical data is often limited to constraining the structural boundaries. If we recover the base of an unconfined aquifer from an analysis of geophysical data, then the associated uncertainties are a consequence of the geophysical inversion process. In this study, we illustrate this by quantifying water table uncertainties for the unconfined aquifer formed by the paleochannel network around the Kintyre Uranium deposit in Western Australia. The focus of the Bayesian parametric bootstrap approach employed for the inversion of the available airborne electromagnetic data is the recovery of the base of the paleochannel network and the associated uncertainties. This allows us to then quantify the associated influences on the water table in a conceptualized groundwater usage scenario and compare the resulting uncertainties with uncertainties due to an uncertain hydraulic conductivity distribution within the aquifer. Our modeling shows that neither uncertainties in the depth to the base of the aquifer nor hydraulic conductivity uncertainties alone can capture the patterns of uncertainty in the water table that emerge when the two are combined.
Assessing Methane in Shallow Groundwater in Unconventional Oil and Gas Play Areas, Eastern Kentucky
Authors: Zhu Junfeng , Parris Thomas M. , Taylor Charles J. , Webb Steven E. , Davidson Bart , Smath Richard , Richardson Stephen D. , Molofsky Lisa J. , Kromann Jenna S. , Smith Ann P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe expanding use of horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing technology to produce oil and gas from tight rock formations has increased public concern about potential impacts on the environment, especially on shallow drinking water aquifers. In eastern Kentucky, horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing have been used to develop the Berea Sandstone and the Rogersville Shale. To assess baseline groundwater chemistry and evaluate methane detected in groundwater overlying the Berea and Rogersville plays, we sampled 51 water wells and analyzed the samples for concentrations of major cations and anions, metals, dissolved methane, and other light hydrocarbon gases. In addition, the stable carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of methane (δ13C‐CH4 and δ2H‐CH4) was analyzed for samples with methane concentration exceeding 1 mg/L. Our study indicates that methane is a relatively common constituent in shallow groundwater in eastern Kentucky, where methane was detected in 78% of the sampled wells (40 of 51 wells) with 51% of wells (26 of 51 wells) exhibiting methane concentrations above 1 mg/L. The δ13C‐CH4 and δ2H‐CH4 ranged from −84.0‰ to −58.3‰ and from −246.5‰ to −146.0‰, respectively. Isotopic analysis indicated that dissolved methane was primarily microbial in origin formed through CO2 reduction pathway. Results from this study provide a first assessment of methane in the shallow aquifers in the Berea and Rogersville play areas and can be used as a reference to evaluate potential impacts of future horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing activities on groundwater quality in the region.
Clinical and angiographic outcome of a single center, real world population treated with a dedicated technique of implantation for bioresorbable vascular scaffolds. The FAtebenefratelli Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold (FABS) registry
Authors: Cortese Bernardo , di Palma Gaetano , Cerrato Enrico , Latini Roberto A. , Elwany Mostafa , Orrego Pedro S. , Seregni Romano G. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesWith this prospective study we aim at investigating the long‐term outcome of a consecutive cohort of patients successfully treated with bioresorbable scaffold (BVS) implantation.BackgroundIt is not clearly understood if there is a relation between the technique of BVS implantation and the outcome.MethodsBetween December 2012 and December 2014, all consecutive patients treated with BVS were included in this registry and received an angiographic follow‐up. After a run‐in phase, all BVS were implanted using a specific technique consisting of aggressive predilation, correct scaffold sizing, visually determined, and high‐pressure post‐dilation with a noncompliance balloon. Primary endpoint was late lumen loss (LLL) at 1‐year angiographic follow‐up and ischemia‐driven target‐lesion revascularization (ID‐TLR) at 2‐year clinical follow‐up. Secondary endpoints were the occurrence of binary restenosis, major adverse cardiac events (MACE), and every single component of MACE (cardiac death, myocardial infarction, TLR) at 2 years.ResultsA total of 144 lesions in 122 patients treated consecutively with BVS, were enrolled. Diabetics were 29.5% and acute coronary syndrome at presentation occurred in 29.5% of patients. At the angiographic follow‐up LLL was 0.38 ± 0.9. At 2‐year clinical follow‐up, ID‐TLR occurred in eight patients (5.6%). We observed two cases of scaffold thrombosis (1.38%, one early and one very late). At multivariate statistical analysis, STEMI presentation remained a significant predictor for TLR.ConclusionsIn a complex, all‐comers real world population, BVS implantation with a specific, and standardized technique showed to be feasible, with acceptable mid‐term angiographic and long‐term clinical outcome.
MECHANICAL PERFORMANCE OF ROLLER COMPACTED RUBBERCRETE WITH DIFFERENT MINERAL FILLER
Authors: Adamu Musa , Mohammed Bashar S. , Shafiq Nasir 
Published: August 2017

The rate of waste tire generation globally continues to escalate due to increase in vehicle usage. Scrap tires continue to pose serious environmental, health and aesthetic problems. Due limitation in the recycling of scrap tires, one of the most viable solution is to used crumb rubber from scrap tire as partial replacement to fine aggregate in concrete industry. This is rationalized as the production of concrete hit more than 3.8 billion cubic meters annually, therefore, it could provide a solution on conservation of natural aggregate and as well as improve properties of concrete. However, the major setback in the use of crumb rubber in concrete is loss in strength. In this paper, crumb rubber was used to partially replaced fine aggregate at 0%, 10%, 20% and 30% by volume in roller compacted concrete for pavement applications to produce roller compacted rubbercrete (RCR) to improve its flexural strength and ductility. Several trials were done to achieve the combined grading as recommended by ACI 211.3R, and finally a combination of 55% fine aggregate, 40% coarse aggregate and 5% fine sand as mineral filler was used. In order to mitigate the effect of strength loss, silica fume and fly ash were used to replace natural fine sand as mineral fillers. The Results showed that fresh density, compressive, splitting and flexural strengths decreases with increase in partial replacement of fine aggregate with crumb rubber. However using silica fume as a mineral filler was successful in mitigating loss in compressive, tensile and flexural strengths for up to 20% crumb rubber replacement level, while fly ash as a mineral filler mitigated loss in strength for up to 10% crumb rubber compared natural fine sand mineral filler. The flexural strength was found to increase with 10% crumb rubber for all type of mineral filler