bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Forecasting future recruitment success for Atlantic cod in the warming and acidifying Barents Sea
Authors: Koenigstein Stefan , Dahlke Flemming T. , Stiasny Martina H. , Storch Daniela , Clemmesen Catriona , Pörtner Hans‐Otto 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProductivity of marine fish stocks is known to be affected by environmental and ecological drivers, and global climate change is anticipated to alter recruitment success of many stocks. While the direct effects of environmental drivers on fish early life stage survival can be quantified experimentally, indirect effects in marine ecosystems and the role of adaptation are still highly uncertain. We developed an integrative model for the effects of ocean warming and acidification on the early life stages of Atlantic cod in the Barents Sea, termed SCREI (Simulator of Cod Recruitment under Environmental Influences). Experimental results on temperature and CO2 effects on egg fertilization, egg and larval survival and development times are incorporated. Calibration using empirical time series of egg production, temperature, food and predator abundance reproduces age‐0 recruitment over three decades. We project trajectories of recruitment success under different scenarios and quantify confidence limits based on variation in experiments. A publicly accessible web version of the SCREI model can be run under www.oceanchange.uni-bremen.de/;SCREI. Severe reductions in average age‐0 recruitment success of Barents Sea cod are projected under uncompensated warming and acidification toward the middle to end of this century. Although high population stochasticity was found, considerable rates of evolutionary adaptation to acidification and shifts in organismal thermal windows would be needed to buffer impacts on recruitment. While increases in food availability may mitigate short‐term impacts, an increase in egg production achieved by stock management could provide more long‐term safety for cod recruitment success. The SCREI model provides a novel integration of multiple driver effects in different life stages and enables an estimation of uncertainty associated with interindividual and ecological variation. The model thus helps to advance toward an improved empirical foundation for quantifying climate change impacts on marine fish recruitment, relevant for ecosystem‐based assessments of marine systems under climate change.
Tools to define the melanoma‐associated immunopeptidome
Authors: Bräunlein Eva , Krackhardt Angela M. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryImmunotherapies have been traditionally applied in malignant melanoma, which represent one of the most immunogenic tumours. Recently, immune checkpoint modulation has shown high therapeutic efficacy and may provide long‐term survival in a significant proportion of affected patients. T cells are the major players in tumour rejection and recognize tumour cells predominantly in an MHC‐dependent way. The immunopeptidome comprises the peptide repertoire presented by MHC class I and II molecules on the surface of the body's cells including tumour cells. To understand characteristics of suitable rejection antigens as well as respective effective T‐cell responses, determination of the immunopeptidome is of utmost importance. Suitable rejection antigens need to be further characterized and validated not only to systematically improve current therapeutic approaches, but also to develop individualized treatment options. In this review, we report on current tools to explore the immunopeptidome in human melanoma and discuss current understanding and future developments to specifically detect and select those antigens that may be most relevant and promising for effective tumour rejection.
Development and evaluation of the children's experiences of dental anxiety measure
Authors: Porritt Jenny , Morgan Annie , Rodd Helen , Gupta Ekta , Gilchrist Fiona , Baker Sarah , Newton Tim , Creswell Cathy , Williams Christopher , Marshman Zoe 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundExisting measures of children's dental anxiety have not been developed with children or based on a theoretical framework of dental anxiety.AimTo develop the children's experiences of dental anxiety measure (CEDAM) and evaluate the measure's properties.DesignThe measure was developed from interviews with dentally anxious children. Children recruited from a dental hospital and secondary school completed the CEDAM and Modified Child Dental Anxiety Scale (MCDAS). A subgroup of children completed the CEDAM before and after receiving an intervention to reduce dental anxiety to examine the measure's responsiveness. Rasch and Classical test analyses were undertaken.ResultsChildren were aged between 9 and 16 years (N = 88 recruited from a dental hospital and N = 159 recruited from a school). Rasch analysis confirmed the measure's unidimensionality. The CEDAM correlated well with the MCDAS (rho = 0.67, P < 0.01) and had excellent internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88) and test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.98). The CEDAM was also able to detect changes in dental anxiety following the intervention (baseline mean = 22.36, SD = 2.57 and follow‐up mean = 18.88, SD = 2.42, t(df = 37) = 9.54, P < 0.01, Cohen's d = 1.39).ConclusionsThe results support the reliability, validity and responsiveness of the CEDAM. Initial findings indicate it has potential for use in future intervention trials or in clinical practice to monitor children's dental anxiety.
Comparative effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs in nondiabetic patients with hypertension: A population‐based study
Authors: Machado Marina Amaral de Ávila , de Moura Cristiano Soares , Wang Yishu , Danieli Coraline , Abrahamowicz Michal , Bernatsky Sasha , Behlouli Hassan , Pilote Louise 
Published: July 2017

The authors compared the effectiveness of thiazide diuretic (TD), angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB), and calcium channel blocker (CCB) monotherapies for the treatment of nondiabetic hypertension using MarketScan Databases 2010–2014. Multivariable Cox regression models assessed whether the addition of a new antihypertensive drug, treatment discontinuation, or switch and major cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events varied across groups. A total of 565 009 patients started monotherapy with ACEIs (43.6%), CCBs (23.6%), TDs (18.8%), or ARBs (14.0%). Patients who took TDs had a higher risk for either drug addition or discontinuation than patients who took ACEIs (hazard ratio [HR], 0.69 [95% CI, 0.68–0.70] vs HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.80–0.81]), ARBs (HR, 0.67 [95% CI, 0.66–0.68] vs HR, 0.66 [95% CI, 0.65–0.67]), and CCBs (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.84–0.87] vs HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.93–0.95]). Conversely, patients who took TDs experienced a lower risk of clinical events compared with patients who took ACEIs (HR, 1.24 [95% CI, 1.15–1.33]), ARBs (HR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.18–1.39]), and CCBs (HR, 1.35 [95% CI, 1.25–1.46]). Our results provide a strong rationale for choosing TDs as first‐line monotherapy for the control of hypertension.
Accelerometer‐Measured Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Incidence Rates of Falls in Older Women
Authors: Buchner David M. , Rillamas‐Sun Eileen , Di Chongzhi , LaMonte Michael J. , Marshall Stephen W. , Hunt Julie , Zhang Yuzheng , Rosenberg Dori E. , Lee I‐Min , Evenson Kelly R. , Herring Amy H. , Lewis Cora E. , Stefanick Marcia L. , LaCroix Andrea Z. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesTo examine whether moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) measured using accelerometry is associated with incident falls and whether associations differ according to physical function or history of falls.DesignProspective study with baseline data collection from 2012 to 2014 and 1 year of follow‐up.SettingWomen's Health Initiative participants living in the United States.ParticipantsAmbulatory women aged 63 to 99 (N = 5,545).MeasurementsMinutes of MVPA per day measured using an accelerometer, functional status measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), fall risk factors assessed using a questionnaire, fall injuries assessed in a telephone interview, incident falls ascertained from fall calendars.ResultsIncident rate ratios (IRRs) revealed greater fall risk in women in the lowest quartile of MVPA compared to those in the highest (IRR = 1.18, 95% confidence interval = 1.01–1.38), adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, and fall risk factors. Fall rates were not significantly associated with MVPA in women with high SPPB scores (9–12) or one or fewer falls in the previous year, but in women with low SPPB scores (≤ 8) or a history of frequent falls, fall rates were higher in women with lower MVPA levels than in those with higher levels (interaction P < .03 and < .001, respectively). Falls in women with MVPA above the median were less likely to involve injuries requiring medical treatment (9.9%) than falls in women with lower MVPA levels (13.0%) (P < .001).ConclusionThese findings indicate that falls are not more common or injurious in older women who engage in higher levels of MVPA. These findings support encouraging women to engage in the amounts and types of MVPA that they prefer. Older women with low physical function or frequent falls with low levels of MVPA are a high‐risk group for whom vigilance about falls prevention is warranted.
Cross‐Validation of the Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire
Authors: Mogle Jacqueline , Buck Harleah , Zambroski Cheryl , Alvaro Rosaria , Vellone Ercole 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeThe Minnesota Living With Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) is the leading method for assessing quality of life in patients with heart failure (HF) around the world. However, unique, culture‐specific variations in factorial structure have been identified. The current study examined the cross‐cultural equivalence of an Italian version of the MLHFQ.DesignCross‐sectional assessment as part of an HF study in Italy. Patients (n = 1,192; mean age = 72 years, SD = 11) completed demographics, the MLHFQ, and the Short‐Form 12 (SF‐12).MethodsA series of exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to develop an appropriate factor model in the current sample.FindingsWe initially fit a confirmatory factor analysis based on published psychometric work validating the MLHFQ. This did not provide adequate fit, and the sample was then randomly split into equivalent subsets to conduct factor analyses with cross‐validation. In the first subsample, an exploratory factor analysis uncovered slight modifications to the proposed factor structure that resulted in much improved model fit. The final model included a higher order factor and three subscales: physical, emotional, and social. A cross‐validation confirmatory factor analysis using this structure was conducted in the remaining subset to ensure broader applicability of the results. Correlations with the SF‐12 were consistent with previous work using these measures.ConclusionsSome items of the MLHFQ are sensitive to differences across cultures, and factor structures vary based on where the scale is administered. In spite of these differences, the total score remains a valid and reliable indicator of quality of life in HF patients across cultures.Clinical RelevanceCultural influences on quality of life are important to consider when assessing patients’ well‐being in HF.
Combination of a 2940 nm Er:YAG laser with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb‐bFGF) and light‐emitting diode‐red light (LED‐RL) for the treatment of striae alba: A pilot study
Authors: Shen Jie , Lu Xin‐Gang , Jin Jing‐Jing , Wang Hong‐Wei 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBackgroundStriae distensae (SD) are a common dermatologic problem that plagues many people. Although there are many therapeutic modalities have been used to treat SD, effective method has been disappointing for striae Alba.AimsTo evaluate the clinical and histopathologic efficacy and safety of the 2940‐nm erbium yttrium aluminum garnet (Er:YAG) ablative fractional laser (AFL) with recombinant bovine basic fibroblast growth factor (rb‐bFGF) and light‐emitting diode‐red light (LED‐RL) for the treatment of striae alba.Patients and methodsThirty volunteers with striae distensae alba were enrolled. The subjects completed treatments with the 2940‐nm Er:YAG AFL 6 times at 4‐week intervals. Following this treatment, the subjects were required to spray rb‐BFGF for 1 week at home. They then received LED‐RL once every 7 days for three sessions between the two laser treatments. Two independent investigators evaluated clinical improvement at pretreatment and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months post‐treatment, patients also provided self‐assessments of clinical improvement. Two biopsies were obtained from two subjects, both of the same sites of striae alba, one before the first treatment and one 6 months after the last session.ResultsAll 30 subjects demonstrated clinical improvement after treatment. Skin biopsies after treatment showed an increase in epidermal thickness, dermal thickness, and collagen and elastin density when compared to that at the baseline.ConclusionsThe combination of the 2940‐nm Er:YAG laser with rb‐bFGF and LED‐RL for the treatment of striae alba was a safe and effective approach for improving the appearance of striae alba.
Assessment of bacteria and archaea in metalworking fluids using massive parallel 16S rRNA gene tag sequencing
Authors: Di Maiuta N. , Rüfenacht A. , Küenzi P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Determination of the bacterial diversity in industry-based liquid in-use water-miscible metalworking fluid (MWF) samples was targeted by massive parallel multiplex DNA sequencing, either directly or upon pretreatment with propidium monoazide (PMA) that allows differentiation between intact and physically damaged cells. As MWFs provide a suitable basis of life for micro-organisms, the majority is preserved by biocides. ‘Bio-concept’ fluids on the other hand are bactericide free, which intentionally leads to substantial bacterial populations. Samples from both fluid types were chosen: A median of 51 operational taxonomic units at genera level (OTUs) were detected per sample, but only 13 were present at or above 1·0% of the total population in any PMA-treated sample analysed. As both fluid types were mainly dominated by Pseudomonas spp., we resolved this genus on the species level and found the Pseudomonas oleovorans/pseudoalcaligenes group to predominate. We also looked for archaea and detected Methanobrevibacter spp., albeit in &lt;3% of all samples analysed.

Significance and Impact of the Study
Water-miscible metalworking fluids provide a suitable base of life for micro-organisms, mainly bacteria and fungi. Earlier publications suggested that the diversity is rather low, but these studies were largely based on heterotrophic plate counts. This might have resulted in underestimation of population density and microbial diversity as some organisms might just refuse to grow. This study used high-throughput sequencing in the absence and presence of propidium monoazide to explore bacterial and archaeal presence in metalworking fluids. We established that diversity is low and bacterial populations are dominated by the genus Pseudomonas spp.
Structure of the Francisella response regulator QseB receiver domain, and characterization of QseB inhibition by antibiofilm 2‐aminoimidazole‐based compounds
Authors: Milton Morgan E. , Allen C. Leigh , Feldmann Erik A. , Bobay Benjamin G. , Jung David K. , Stephens Matthew D. , Melander Roberta J. , Theisen Kelly E. , Zeng Daina , Thompson Richele J. , Melander Christian , Cavanagh John 
Published: July 2017

SummaryWith antibiotic resistance increasing at alarming rates, targets for new antimicrobial therapies must be identified. A particularly promising target is the bacterial two‐component system. Two‐component systems allow bacteria to detect, evaluate and protect themselves against changes in the environment, such as exposure to antibiotics and also to trigger production of virulence factors. Drugs that target the response regulator portion of two‐component systems represent a potent new approach so far unexploited. Here, we focus efforts on the highly virulent bacterium Francisella tularensis tularensis. Francisella contains only three response regulators, making it an ideal system to study. In this study, we initially present the structure of the N‐terminal domain of QseB, the response regulator responsible for biofilm formation. Subsequently, using binding assays, computational docking and cellular studies, we show that QseB interacts with2‐aminoimidazole based compounds that impede its function. This information will assist in tailoring compounds to act as adjuvants that will enhance the effect of antibiotics.
Breastfeeding is associated with a decreased risk of childhood asthma exacerbations later in life
Authors: Ahmadizar Fariba , Vijverberg Susanne J. H. , Arets Hubertus G. M. , de Boer Anthonius , Garssen Johan , Kraneveld Aletta D. , Maitland‐van der Zee Anke H. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundBreastfeeding has been suggested to influence the risk of asthma and asthma severity in children. However, the conclusions from epidemiologic studies are inconsistent.MethodsWe used data from 960 children (aged 4‐12 years) using regular asthma medication who participated in the PACMAN study. Breastfeeding exposure was based on questionnaire data and stratified into (i) ever vs never, and (ii) ≥6 vs <6 months duration of breastfeeding. Asthma severity was based on the occurrence of asthma exacerbations in the preceding year and/or poorly controlled asthma symptoms during the last week of study visit. Odds ratios (ORs) were derived from univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses.ResultsBreastfeeding was associated with a decreased risk of asthma exacerbations; adjusted (adj.) OR: 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.35‐0.87). After stratification for duration of breastfeeding, the adj. ORs were 0.48 (95% CI: 0.27‐0.84) for duration <6 months and 0.71 (95% CI: 0.43‐1.20) for duration ≥6 months breastfeeding. When we stratified the analysis by family history of asthma, the association between breastfeeding and asthma exacerbations was strong and statistically significant only in children with a positive family history of asthma; adj. OR: 0.34 (95% CI: 0.18‐0.66). There was no association between breastfeeding and risk of poor asthma control; adj. OR: 1.04 (95% CI: 0.76‐1.41).ConclusionIn a pediatric population with asthma, children who had been breastfed had a statistically significantly lower risk of asthma exacerbations later in life compared to asthmatic children who had not been breastfed.
The effect of bioturbation by polychaetes (Opheliidae) on benthic foraminiferal assemblages and test preservation
Authors: Pérez‐Asensio José N. , Aguirre Julio , Rodríguez‐Tovar Francisco J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBiological activity such as burrowing can alter benthic foraminiferal shell preservation and may also modify benthic foraminiferal assemblages by vertical mixing, inducing sediment homogenization. Here, we analyse benthic foraminiferal assemblages and taphonomy of upper Miocene marine deposits from Conil de la Frontera (Cádiz, south‐western Spain). The deposits consist of marls displaying a pervasive alternation of intensively bioturbated beds dominated by Macaronichnus segregatis traces (ichnofabric index 4–5) and non‐bioturbated beds. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by Cibicidoides mundulus and Cibicides refulgens, indicating that the marls were deposited on an oligotrophic, well‐oxygenated upper slope. The impact of burrowing on the preservation of benthic foraminiferal tests was tested using Q‐mode cluster analysis, which found two well‐differentiated groups of samples, one including the non‐bioturbated beds and the other encompassing the bioturbated ones. Fragmentation and recrystallization account for the differentiation of these groups, both being higher in the bioturbated sediments. Aggressive chemical digestion by the Macaronichnus trace‐makers, assumed to be a polychaete worm of the family Opheliidae, etched the microfossil shells, making them more vulnerable to fragmentation. Intense bioturbation favoured the circulation of pore fluids, encouraging recrystallization. Pervasive burrowing resulted in significant vertical reworking of microfossils. As a consequence, benthic foraminiferal assemblages in the bioturbated beds were homogenized in the mixed layer; that is, the uppermost layer of the substrate totally burrowed. The alternation of bioturbated and non‐bioturbated beds reflects episodic transfer of food particles down slope from shallower parts of the shelf as well as from the continent due to storms under otherwise homogeneous oligotrophic marine conditions.
The impact of modifying photosystem antenna size on canopy photosynthetic efficiency—Development of a new canopy photosynthesis model scaling from metabolism to canopy level processes
Authors: Song Qingfeng , Wang Yu , Qu Mingnan , Ort Donald R. , Zhu Xin‐Guang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCanopy photosynthesis (Ac) describes photosynthesis of an entire crop field and the daily and seasonal integrals of Ac positively correlate with daily and seasonal biomass production. Much effort in crop breeding has focused on improving canopy architecture and hence light distribution inside the canopy. Here, we develop a new integrated canopy photosynthesis model including canopy architecture, a ray tracing algorithm, and C3 photosynthetic metabolism to explore the option of manipulating leaf chlorophyll concentration ([Chl]) for greater Ac and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Model simulation results show that (a) efficiency of photosystem II increased when [Chl] was decreased by decreasing antenna size and (b) the light received by leaves at the bottom layers increased when [Chl] throughout the canopy was decreased. Furthermore, the modelling revealed a modest ~3% increase in Ac and an ~14% in NUE was accompanied when [Chl] reduced by 60%. However, if the leaf nitrogen conserved by this decrease in leaf [Chl] were to be optimally allocated to other components of photosynthesis, both Ac and NUE can be increased by over 30%. Optimizing [Chl] coupled with strategic reinvestment of conserved nitrogen is shown to have the potential to support substantial increases in Ac, biomass production, and crop yields.
Vernal freeze damage and genetic variation alter tree growth, chemistry, and insect interactions
Authors: Rubert‐Nason Kennedy F. , Couture John J. , Gryzmala Elizabeth A. , Townsend Philip A. , Lindroth Richard L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnticipated consequences of climate change in temperate regions include early spring warmup punctuated by intermittent hard freezes. Warm weather accelerates leaf flush in perennial woody species, potentially exposing vulnerable young tissues to damaging frosts. We employed a 2 × 6 randomized factorial design to examine how the interplay of vernal (springtime) freeze damage and genetic variation in a hardwood species (Populus tremuloides) influences tree growth, phytochemistry, and interactions with an insect herbivore (Chaitophorus stevensis).Acute effects of freezing included defoliation and mortality. Surviving trees exhibited reduced growth and altered biomass distribution. Reflushed leaves on these trees had lower mass per area, lower lignin concentrations, and higher nitrogen concentrations, altered chemical defence profiles, and supported faster aphid population growth. Many effects varied among plant genotypes and were related with herbivore performance. This study suggests that a single damaging vernal freeze event can alter tree–insect interactions through effects on plant growth and chemistry. Differential responses of various genotypes to freeze damage suggest that more frequent vernal freeze events could also influence natural selection, favouring trees with greater freeze hardiness, and more resistance or tolerance to herbivores following damage.