bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host-location behavior of the tea green leafhopper Empoasca vitis Göthe (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae): olfactory and visual effects on their orientation
Authors: Zhang X. , Pengsakul T. , Tukayo M. , Yu L. , Fang W. , Luo D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe tea green leafhopper, Empoasca vitis Göthe, is one of the most serious pests in tea growing areas. This study investigated the roles played by olfaction and vision in host orientation behavior. The compound eye of E. vitis was found to be a photopic eye; few olfactory sensilla were found on the antennae, while abundant gustatory sensilla were recorded on the mouthparts. Three opsin genes (EV_LWop, EV_UVop, EV_Bop) were isolated and found to be mainly expressed in the compound eye compared with other parts of the body. Immunolocalization indicated that the opsins mainly located in the different regions of rhabdom. The transcription levels of EV_LWop, EV_Bop and EV_UVop were reduced by 77.3, 70.0 and 40.0%, respectively, by RNA interference induced by being fed a special RNA-rich diet for 6 days. The rate of tropism to host color was effectively impaired by 67.6 and 29.5% in the dsEV_LWop and dsEV_Bop treatment groups, but there was no significant change in the dsEV_UVop group. The determination of the cause of the tropism indicated that odors from the host over long distances were unable to attract E. vitis and were only detected when the insects were close to the host. The developed compound eye of E. vitis plays a leading role in host location, and the long-wavelength opsin significantly affects the tropism to host color; the lack of olfactory sensilla results in long-distance odors not being able to be detected until the insect is near to the host-plant. The understanding of these behavioral mechanisms, especially the importance of opsin genes is expected to be useful for pest management.
Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation: a serious potential complication of paediatric ENT surgery that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment
Authors: James G , Thompson D N P 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground:Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation is a persistent deformity of the C1–2 vertebral relationship caused by subluxation of the articular surfaces, and can occur after positioning for ENT procedures where the head is rotated – for example to access the ear or posterior triangle of the neck. If promptly recognised, it can usually be managed successfully with conservative methods, without long-lasting sequelae, but delayed or inappropriate management may lead to permanent neck deformity, neurological problems and pain.Method:Case review.Case report:Two children with atlanto-axial rotatory fixation following ENT surgery; one child was referred early and managed successfully, and one had delayed referral resulting in permanent severe positional deformity.Conclusion:Atlanto-axial rotatory fixation is easily missed; there are significant clinical and medicolegal implications if it is not promptly recognised. A suggested management algorithm is presented.
Land Reform, Historical Consciousness and Indigenous Activism in Late Twentieth-Century Ecuador
Authors: HUARCAYA SERGIO MIGUEL 
Published: September 2017

AbstractStudies of the emergence of the Ecuadorian indigenous movement, which burst onto the national political scene in 1990, have not paid enough attention to indigenous historical consciousness. Using historical and ethnographic evidence, this study examines the emergence of historical consciousness among indigenous peasants involved in the land struggle for the Quinchuquí hacienda, in Otavalo, Ecuador. The research demonstrates that it was only during the struggle for the land that the peasants became aware of the colonial dispossession of indigenous lands. Legitimating their politics in terms of history, they articulated a political identity that increasingly emphasised ethnicity over class.
The Paradox of Gandhian Secularism: The metaphysical implication behind Gandhi's ‘individualization of religion’
Authors: HAZAMA EIJIRO 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article will examine the relationship between Gandhi's two major intellectual developments in his last years: his insistence on political secularism (‘individualization of religion’) and his controversial religious experiments withbrahmacarya(sleeping naked with his 17-year-old grandniece, Manubahen). Contrary to the prevalent interpretations, I will argue that Gandhi's political principle of secularism during the last years of his life entailedimplicitlyhis radical religious belief, which he thought worth risking his life to present before the public. There was an intimate relationship between the concepts ofbrahmacarya, individuality (vyaktitva), and religion (dharm) that constituted his principle of secularism—these concepts were integrated by Gandhi in his distinct Hindu metaphysics ofātmā. Although Gandhi's ideas onātmāwere initially influenced by Śrīmad Rājcandra's Jainism, he later repudiated the latter's views and revised them by incorporating some ideas from Western Orientalists, including Sir John Woodroffe's tantric thought. Gandhi's concept ofātmāwas considered to inhere with the cosmological spiritual power ofśakti, ultimately identified with God (Īśvar, Brahm): this concept ofātmāwas one of the fundamental components of Gandhi's eventual ideas of individuality and religion. Gandhi attempted to realize his ‘unique individuality’ (‘anokhuṃ vaktitva’) in his last religious experiments withbrahmacarya, which were conducted contemporaneously to his increasing political valorization of secularism. Gandhi's secularism was virtually a political platform to universalize religion, paradoxical in that he meant to go beyond the impregnable hedge of privatization by making religiondeeplyindividualized—that is to say,ātmā-centred.
Could introducing confiscated parrots to zoological collections jeopardise conservation breeding programmes?
Authors: STAGEGAARD JULIA , BRUSLUND SIMON , LIERZ MICHAEL 
Published: September 2017

SummaryConfiscated parrots are frequently introduced to captive populations in zoological institutions, regularly with insufficient health screening. This short communication describes a case where 25 confiscated parrots, from four different locations, were brought to the same zoological institution within two years, where they were kept under quarantine conditions. A year after the last birds arrived, several birds died due to either proventricular dilatation disease or herpesvirus infection. As all individuals belonged to rare species, the surviving birds were transferred to the Justus-Liebig-University in Giessen, Germany, for thorough diagnostics including parrot bornavirus, psittacine herpesvirus 1, adenovirus, polyomavirus, circovirus, Chlamydia psittaci, and mycobacteria. Birds that tested negative for all pathogens were transferred to captive breeding programmes, whereas pathogen carriers were paired up in collections of a similar pathogen status. This case report highlights the dangers of latent infections with different pathogens and the importance of managed screening programmes if such populations are to be considered for conservation.
An intelligent algorithm for autonomous scientific sampling with the VALKYRIE cryobot
Authors: Clark Evan B. , Bramall Nathan E. , Christner Brent , Flesher Chris , Harman John , Hogan Bart , Lavender Heather , Lelievre Scott , Moor Joshua , Siegel Vickie , Stone William C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe development of algorithms for agile science and autonomous exploration has been pursued in contexts ranging from spacecraft to planetary rovers to unmanned aerial vehicles to autonomous underwater vehicles. In situations where time, mission resources and communications are limited and the future state of the operating environment is unknown, the capability of a vehicle to dynamically respond to changing circumstances without human guidance can substantially improve science return. Such capabilities are difficult to achieve in practice, however, because they require intelligent reasoning to utilize limited resources in an inherently uncertain environment. Here we discuss the development, characterization and field performance of two algorithms for autonomously collecting water samples on VALKYRIE (Very deep Autonomous Laser-powered Kilowatt-class Yo-yoing Robotic Ice Explorer), a glacier-penetrating cryobot deployed to the Matanuska Glacier, Alaska (Mission Control location: 61°42′09.3″N 147°37′23.2″W). We show performance on par with human performance across a wide range of mission morphologies using simulated mission data, and demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms at autonomously collecting samples with high relative cell concentration during field operation. The development of such algorithms will help enable autonomous science operations in environments where constant real-time human supervision is impractical, such as penetration of ice sheets on Earth and high-priority planetary science targets like Europa.
The predictive value of symptoms for anxiety in hospice inpatients with advanced cancer
Authors: Zweers Danielle , de Graaf Everlien , de Graeff Alexander , Stellato Rebecca K. , Witteveen Petronella O. , Teunissen Saskia C.C.M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTObjective:Insight into symptoms as predictors for anxiety may help to foster early identification of anxiety and to ameliorate anxiety management. The aim of this study was to determine which frequently occurring symptoms are predictors for anxiety in advanced cancer patients recently admitted to a hospice.Method:Symptom burden was measured in patients admitted to a hospice who died ≤3 month after admission using the Utrecht Symptom Diary. This is a Dutch-translated and adapted version of the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System to self-assess the 11 most prevalent symptoms and overall well-being on a 0–10 numerical rating scale. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to analyze the predictive value of fatigue, nausea, pain, dyspnea, depressed mood, insomnia, and well-being on anxiety.Results:A total of 211 patients were included, 42% of whom were men, and the median age was 71 years (range = 31–95). Anxiety was uncommon and rarely severe: 25% had a score ≥1, and 14% had a score >3. After correction for age, gender, and marital status, depressed mood (p= 0.00) and dyspnea (p= 0.01) were independent predictors for anxiety and explained 23% of the variance in anxiety.Significance of results:Hospice inpatients with advanced cancer who suffer from dyspnea and/or depressed mood are at increased risk for anxiety. Treatment of dyspnea and depressed mood may contribute to adequate anxiety management. Further research should explore other factors associated with anxiety, especially in the psychological, social, and spiritual domains.
NG2 antigen is involved in leukemia invasiveness and central nervous system infiltration in MLL-rearranged infant B-ALL
Authors: Prieto C , López-Millán B , Roca-Ho H , Stam R W , Romero-Moya D , Rodríguez-Baena F J , Sanjuan-Pla A , Ayllón V , Ramírez M , Bardini M , De Lorenzo P , Valsecchi M G , Stanulla M , Iglesias M , Ballerini P , Carcaboso Á M , Mora J , Locatelli F , Bertaina A , Padilla L , Carlos Rodríguez-Manzaneque Juan , Bueno C , Menéndez P 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-rearranged (MLLr) infant B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (iMLLr-B-ALL) has a dismal prognosis and is associated with a pro-B/mixed phenotype, therapy refractoriness and frequent central nervous system (CNS) disease/relapse. Neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2) is specifically expressed in MLLr leukemias and is used in leukemia immunophenotyping because of its predictive value for MLLr acute leukemias. NG2 is involved in melanoma metastasis and brain development; however, its role in MLL-mediated leukemogenesis remains elusive. Here we evaluated whether NG2 distinguishes leukemia-initiating/propagating cells (L-ICs) and/or CNS-infiltrating cells (CNS-ICs) in iMLLr-B-ALL. Clinical data from the Interfant cohort of iMLLr-B-ALL demonstrated that high NG2 expression associates with lower event-free survival, higher number of circulating blasts and more frequent CNS disease/relapse. Serial xenotransplantation of primary MLL-AF4+ leukemias indicated that NG2 is a malleable marker that does not enrich for L-IC or CNS-IC in iMLLr-B-All. However, NG2 expression was highly upregulated in blasts infiltrating extramedullar hematopoietic sites and CNS, and specific blockage of NG2 resulted in almost complete loss of engraftment. Indeed, gene expression profiling of primary blasts and primografts revealed a migratory signature of NG2+ blasts. This study provides new insights on the biology of NG2 in iMLLr-B-ALL and suggests NG2 as a potential therapeutic target to reduce the risk of CNS disease/relapse and to provide safer CNS-directed therapies for iMLLr-B-ALL.
Control of leucine-dependent mTORC1 pathway through chemical intervention of leucyl-tRNA synthetase and RagD interaction
Authors: Kim Jong Hyun , Lee Chulho , Lee Minji , Wang Haipeng , Kim Kibum , Park Seung Joon , Yoon Ina , Jang Jayun , Zhao Hanchao , Kim Hoi Kyoung , Kwon Nam Hoon , Jeong Seung Jae , Yoo Hee Chan , Kim Jae Hyun , Yang Jee Sun , Lee Myeong Youl , Lee Chang Woo , Yun Jieun , Oh Soo Jin , Kang Jong Soon , Martinis Susan A. , Hwang Kwang Yeon , Guo Min , Han Gyoonhee , Han Jung Min , Kim Sunghoon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLeucyl-tRNA synthetase (LRS) is known to function as leucine sensor in the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway. However, the pathophysiological significance of its activity is not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that the leucine sensor function for mTORC1 activation of LRS can be decoupled from its catalytic activity. We identified compounds that inhibit the leucine-dependent mTORC1 pathway by specifically inhibiting the GTPase activating function of LRS, while not affecting the catalytic activity. For further analysis, we selected one compound, BC-LI-0186, which binds to the RagD interacting site of LRS, thereby inhibiting lysosomal localization of LRS and mTORC1 activity. It also effectively suppressed the activity of cancer-associated MTOR mutants and the growth of rapamycin-resistant cancer cells. These findings suggest new strategies for controlling tumor growth that avoid the resistance to existing mTOR inhibitors resulting from cancer-associated MTOR mutations.
Reconfigurable systems for multifunctional electronics
Authors: Zhu Jia , Dexheimer Michael , Cheng Huanyu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractReconfigurable systems complement the existing efforts of miniaturizing integrated circuits to provide a new direction for the development of future electronics. Such systems can integrate low dimensional materials and metamaterials to enable functional transformation from the deformation to changes in multiple physical properties, including mechanical, electric, optical, and thermal. Capable of overcoming the mismatch in geometries and forms between rigid electronics and soft tissues, bio-integrated electronics enabled by reconfigurable systems can provide continuous monitoring of physiological signals. The new opportunities also extend beyond to human-computer interfaces, diagnostic/therapeutic platforms, and soft robotics. In the development of these systems, biomimicry has been a long lasting inspiration for the novel yet simple designs and technological innovations. As interdisciplinary research becomes evident in such development, collaboration across scientists and physicians from diverse backgrounds would be highly encouraged to tackle grand challenges in this field.
A big data approach to macrofaunal baseline assessment, monitoring and sustainable exploitation of the seabed
Authors: Cooper K. M. , Barry J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study we produce a standardised dataset for benthic macrofauna and sediments through integration of data (33,198 samples) from 777 grab surveys. The resulting dataset is used to identify spatial and temporal patterns in faunal distribution around the UK, and the role of sediment composition and other explanatory variables in determining such patterns. We show how insight into natural variability afforded by the dataset can be used to improve the sustainability of activities which affect sediment composition, by identifying conditions which should remain favourable for faunal recolonisation. Other big data applications and uses of the dataset are discussed.
The Equivalence Between Unit-Cell Twinning and Tiling in Icosahedral Quasicrystals
Authors: Prodan Albert , Hren Ram Dušić , van Midden Marion A. , van Midden Herman J. P. , Zupanič Erik 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIt is shown that tiling in icosahedral quasicrystals can also be properly described by cyclic twinning at the unit cell level. The twinning operation is applied on the primitive prolate golden rhombohedra, which can be considered a result of a distorted face-centered cubic parent structure. The shape of the rhombohedra is determined by an exact space filling, resembling the forbidden five-fold rotational symmetry. Stacking of clusters, formed around multiply twinned rhombic hexecontahedra, keeps the rhombohedra of adjacent clusters in discrete relationships. Thus periodicities, interrelated as members of a Fibonacci series, are formed. The intergrown twins form no obvious twin boundaries and fill the space in combination with the oblate golden rhombohedra, formed between clusters in contact. Simulated diffraction patterns of the multiply twinned rhombohedra and the Fourier transform of an extended model structure are in full accord with the experimental diffraction patterns and can be indexed by means of three-dimensional crystallography. The alternative approach is fully compatible to the rather complicated descriptions in a hyper-space.
Electron microscopy by specimen design: application to strain measurements
Authors: Cherkashin Nikolay , Denneulin Thibaud , Hÿtch Martin J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA bewildering number of techniques have been developed for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), involving the use of ever more complex combinations of lens configurations, apertures and detector geometries. In parallel, the developments in the field of ion beam instruments have modernized sample preparation and enabled the preparation of various types of materials. However, the desired final specimen geometry is always almost the same: a thin foil of uniform thickness. Here we will show that judicious design of specimen geometry can make all the difference and that experiments can be carried out on the most basic electron microscope and in the usual imaging modes. We propose two sample preparation methods that allow the formation of controlled moiré patterns for general monocrystalline structures in cross-section and at specific sites. We developed moiré image treatment algorithms using an absolute correction of projection lens distortions of a TEM that allows strain measurements and mapping with a nanometer resolution and 10−4 precision. Imaging and diffraction techniques in other fields may in turn benefit from this technique in perspective.
Pelvic MRI and CT images are interchangeable for measuring peripouch fat
Authors: Gao Xian Hua , Lan Nan , Chouhan Hanumant , Stocchi Luca , Remer Erick , Shen Bo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA total of 27 pouch patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, who underwent pelvic MRI-DIXON and CT scan within one year, were included. Peripouch fat areas were measured at the middle height level of pouch (AreaM) and the highest level of pouch (AreaH). Our results demonstrated that measurements of perianal fat thickness, AreaM and AreaH based on MRI image were accurate and reproducible (correlation efficiency(r): intraobserver: 0.984–0.991; interobserver: 0.969–0.971; all P < 0.001). Bland-Altman analysis showed that more than 92.593% (25/27) of dots fell within the limits of agreement. We also identified strong agreements between CT and MRI image in measuring perianal fat thickness(r = 0.823, P < 0.001), AreaM (r = 0.773, P < 0.001) and AreaH (r = 0.862, P < 0.001). Interchangeable calculating formula to normalize measurements between CT and MRI images were created: Thickness_CT = 0.610 × Thickness_MRI + 0.853; AreaM_CT = 0.865 × AreaM_MRI + 1.392; AreaH_CT = 0.508 × AreaH_MRI + 15.001. In conclusion, pelvic MRI image is a feasible and reproducible method for quantifying peripouch fat. Pelvic MRI and CT images are interchangeable in retrospective measurements of peripouch fat, which will foster future investigation of the role of mesentery fat in colorectal diseases.
An efficient method for measuring the internal parameters of optical cameras based on optical fibres
Authors: Li Jin , Tian Shou-Fu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, we report an expedient auto-collimating method for self-measuring the internal parameters (IPs) of optical cameras. Several key optical components, including the thin optical fibre (TOF), reflecting prism, and receiver, are introduced into optical cameras. The TOF outgoing end and area-array image receiver are integrated onto the focal-plane assembly of optical cameras. Different wavelengths of light, which are emitted by external sources, are transmitted to the focal plane through optical fibres. Because one optical fibre can transmit different wavelengths of light, the same position on the focal plane can obtain point light sources (PLSs) with different wavelengths. Then, the optical system of the cameras spontaneously transforms the PLSs into auto-collimating lights. The auto-collimating lights are reflected by a two-plane prism, return to the camera optical system, reach the focal plane and are received by the area-array sensor. Finally, the IPs are calculated based on a mathematical model of the imaging relation between fibre light sources and images. The experiment confirms that this method is efficient and has a level of precision of dozens of micrometres for an optical camera with a short focal length and small field of view. Our method is suitable for on-orbit IP measurements for cameras without spatial or temporal limitations.
A dietary carotenoid reduces immunopathology and enhances longevity through an immune depressive effect in an insect model
Authors: Dhinaut Julien , Balourdet Aude , Teixeira Maria , Chogne Manon , Moret Yannick 
Published: September 2017

AbstractImmunopathology corresponds to self-damage of the inflammatory response, resulting from oxidizing molecules produced when the immune system is activated. Immunopathology often contributes to age-related diseases and is believed to accelerate ageing. Prevention of immunopathology relies on endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the consumption of dietary antioxidants, including carotenoids such as astaxanthin. Astaxanthin currently raises considerable interest as a powerful antioxidant and for its potential in alleviating age-related diseases. Current in vitro and short-term in vivo studies provide promising results about immune-stimulating and antioxidant properties of astaxanthin. However, to what extent dietary supplementation with astaxanthin can prevent long-term adverse effects of immunopathology on longevity is unknown so far. Here, using the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, as biological model we tested the effect of lifetime dietary supplementation with astaxanthin on longevity when exposed to early life inflammation. While supplementation with astaxanthin was found to lessen immunopathology cost on larval survival and insect longevity, it was also found to reduce immunity, growth rate and the survival of non immune-challenged larvae. This study therefore reveals that astaxanthin prevents immunopathology through an immune depressive effect and can have adverse consequences on growth.