bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combination Prophylaxis versus Pharmacologic Prophylaxis Alone for Preventing Deep Vein Thrombosis in Hip Surgery
Authors: Lin Feng-Fei , Lin Chao-Hui , Chen Bin , Zheng Ke 
Published: October 2016

Purpose To evaluate the comparative efficacy and safety of combination pharmacologic and graduated compression stockings (GCS) prophylaxis versus pharmacological prophylaxis alone for preventing deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) in hip surgery. Methods Relevant publications indexed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, CNKI and Sinomed (CBM) were identified. Appropriate articles identified from the reference lists of the above searches were also reviewed. Results Significant differences in the rate of distal DVT were observed between combination prophylaxis and pharmacological groups. When data from Fredin 1989 was excluded no significant difference in the rate of distal DVT was seen between groups. No significant difference in the rate of proximal DVT or PE was observed between combination and pharmacologic prophylaxis groups. Conclusions A combination of pharmacological prophylaxis and GCS can decrease distal DVT in the lower extremity when compare to pharmacological prophylaxis alone, but it is not useful in decreasing proximal DVT and PE. If we use currently recommended pharmacologic prophylaxis it is not necessary to combine this with GCS.
Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty Using Modified Posterior Approach through Quadratus Femoris Flap Osteotomy; Comparison with Conventional Posterior Approach
Authors: Lee Se-Won , Kim Weon-Yoo , Kang Min-Sung 
Published: October 2016

Introduction The quadratus femoris muscle has not attracted attention as a structure for surgical exposure during posterior hip approaches. We sought to introduce a modified posterior approach through the quadratus femoris muscle area only, by flap osteotomy, which we have named the quadratus femoris osteotomy (QFO) approach. We compare this with the conventional posterior approach to determine the effectiveness of the new technique. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 329 patients (383 hips) who had undergone primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) between March 2006 and January 2013 by a single hip surgeon. The conventional group consisted of consecutive 118 patients (138 hips) who had undergone THA using the conventional posterior approach. The QFO group consisted of consecutive 101 patients (120 hips) who were treated with THA using the QFO approach. Results The 2-year postoperative average Harris hip score were 88.8 ± 6.6 in the conventional group and 93.1 ± 6.9 in the QFO group. The 2-year postoperative average WOMAC scores were 20.8 ± 6.7 in the conventional group and 14.1 ± 6.6 in the QFO group. Complications in the conventional group were 2 deep vein thrombosis (DVT)s, 1 intraoperative fracture, and 6 posterior dislocations; the QFO group experienced 1 DVT and 3 intraoperative fracture. No dislocation was noted within 2 years after surgery. Conclusions Although further studies are needed to confirm the validity of our ﬁndings, a modified posterior approach using a quadratus femoris flap osteotomy could be an option worth considering among the variants of posterior approaches in THA.
Data Analytics for Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: Historical Limitations and Recent Technology Advances
Authors: Clark William R. , Garzotto Francesco , Neri Mauro , Lorenzin Anna , Zaccaria Marta , Ronco Claudio 
Published: October 2016

Purpose Dialysis is a highly quantitative therapy involving large volumes of both clinical and technical data. While automated data collection has been implemented for chronic dialysis, this has not been done for acute kidney injury patients treated with continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT). Methods After a brief review of the fundamental aspects of electronic medical records (EMRs), a new tool designed to provide clinicians with individualized CRRT treatment data is analyzed, with emphasis on its quality assurance capabilities. Results The first platform addressing the problem of data collection and management with current CRRT machines (Sharesource system; Baxter Healthcare) is described. The system provides connectivity for the Prismaflex CRRT machine and enables both EMR connectivity and therapy analytics with 2 basic components: the connect module and the report module. Conclusions The enormous amount of data in CRRT should be collected and analyzed to enable adequate clinical decisions. Current CRRT technology presents significant limitations with consequent lack of rigorous analysis of technical data and relevant feedback. From a quality assurance perspective, these limitations preclude any systematic assessment of prescription and delivery trends that may be adversely affecting clinical outcomes. A detailed assessment of current practice limitations is provided together with several possible ways to address such limitations by a new technical tool.
On-surface molecular nanoarchitectonics: From self-assembly to directed assembly
Authors: Wakayama Yutaka 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The rogress of on-surface molecular nanoarchitectonics over the last two decades has been reviewed. Over the early period in the 1990s–2000s, molecular self-assemblies were intensively studied, where van der Waals (vdW) interaction was predominant. After that, in the 2000s, selective intermolecular interactions based on hydrogen bonds and metal–molecule coordination enabled one to direct the assembling behaviors. Here, the concept of this directed assembly is opposite to that of the vdW-based self-assembly because the resulting architectures are purposefully tailored by programing intermolecular interaction. These efforts brought forth fruit in the on-surface syntheses of covalent bond networks. Particularly in the 2010s, on-surface covalent coupling was applied to graphene nanoribbons, where widths and edge structures can be precisely defined on the atomic scale. These works have the potential to bridge fundamental material nanoarchitectonics and functional device fabrication. In this paper, such a historical development of on-surface molecular nanoarchitectonics is reviewed, with the specific emphasis on the superiority of scanning tunneling microscopy.
Evolution of magnetic properties and domain structures in Co/Ni multilayers
Authors: Su Xianpeng , Jin Tianli , Wang Ying , Ren Yang , Wang Lianwen , Bai Jianmin , Cao Jiangwei 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Co/Ni multilayers with different layer thicknesses and repetition numbers were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The films with appropriate Co and Ni layer thicknesses show strong perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. The results of magnetic force microscopy indicate that the films show a maze domain in the demagnetization state and that the domain width decreases with increasing layer thickness and repetition number. The magnetostatic and domain wall energies of the film stack were calculated on the basis of an irregular maze domain pattern. The results suggest that the magnetostatic energy is the main reason for the variation of the domain width in Co/Ni multilayers.
Azygos Vein Z Scores in Healthy Fetuses and Fetuses With Venous Malformations Related to the Azygos Vein
Authors: Wu Li-Hong , Xie Hong-Ning , Paladini Dario , Zheng Ju , Du Liu , Lin Mei-Fang 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo establish fetal azygos vein and descending aorta sonographic Z score formulas based on femur length and gestational age and to determine the value of azygos vein diameter variation for potential use in the diagnosis of fetal venous malformations related to the azygos vein.MethodsA total of 452 healthy singleton fetuses and 25 fetuses with venous malformations related to the azygos vein underwent prenatal sonography in this retrospective study. Azygos vein and descending aorta diameters were measured offline after spatiotemporal image correlation volume acquisition. Normal azygos vein and descending aorta Z score formulas were constructed for these measurements based on femur length by performing standard regression analysis followed by weighted regression of absolute residual values. The azygos vein‐to‐descending aorta ratio was calculated. Three parameters were compared between venous malformations related to the azygos vein and healthy fetuses.ResultsAzygos vein and descending aorta Z score formulas were constructed. Both showed a positive linear correlation with femur length (r = 0.79 and 0.90, respectively; P < .01) and gestational age (r = 0.79 and 0.91; P < .01). The azygos vein Z scores and azygos vein‐to‐descending aorta ratios of fetuses with malformations were significantly higher than those of healthy fetuses (P < .01). In the abnormal group, 96.0% of azygos vein Z scores (24 of 25) were greater than ±2, and 96.0% of azygos vein‐to‐descending aorta ratios (24 of 25) were greater than the 95% confidence interval.ConclusionsThe azygos vein Z score formulas we developed can provide a quantitative basis for prenatal screening of venous malformations related to the azygos vein. Azygos vein dilatation and an abnormal azygos vein‐to‐descending aorta ratio may contribute to increasing the recognition of venous malformations involving the azygos vein.
Phytoplankton size impact on export flux in the global ocean
Authors: Mouw Colleen B. , Barnett Audrey , McKinley Galen A. , Gloege Lucas , Pilcher Darren 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEfficiency of the biological pump of carbon to the deep ocean depends largely on biologically mediated export of carbon from the surface ocean and its remineralization with depth. Global satellite studies have primarily focused on chlorophyll concentration and net primary production (NPP) to understand the role of phytoplankton in these processes. Recent satellite retrievals of phytoplankton composition now allow for the size of phytoplankton cells to be considered. Here we improve understanding of phytoplankton size structure impacts on particle export, remineralization, and transfer. A global compilation of particulate organic carbon (POC) flux estimated from sediment traps and 234Th are utilized. Annual climatologies of NPP, percent microplankton, and POC flux at four time series locations and within biogeochemical provinces are constructed. Parameters that characterize POC flux versus depth (export flux ratio, labile fraction, and remineralization length scale) are fit for time series locations, biogeochemical provinces, and times of the year dominated by small and large phytoplankton cells where phytoplankton cell size show enough dynamic range over the annual cycle. Considering all data together, our findings support the idea of high export flux but low transfer efficiency in productive regions and vice versa for oligotrophic regions. However, when parsing by dominant size class, we find periods dominated by small cells to have both greater export flux efficiency and lower transfer efficiency than periods when large cells comprise a greater proportion of the phytoplankton community.
The 2π charged particles analyzer: All‐sky camera concept and development for space missions
Authors: Vaisberg O. , Berthellier J.‐J. , Moore T. , Avanov L. , Leblanc F. , Leblanc F. , Moiseev P. , Moiseenko D. , Becker J. , Collier M. , Laky G. , Keller J. , Koynash G. , Lichtenneger H. , Leibov A. , Zhuravlev R. , Shestakov A. , Burch J. , McComas D. , Shuvalov S. , Chornay D. , Torkar K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIncreasing the temporal resolution and instant coverage of velocity space of space plasma measurements is one of the key issues for experimentalists. Today, the top‐hat plasma analyzer appears to be the favorite solution due to its relative simplicity and the possibility to extend its application by adding a mass‐analysis section and an electrostatic angular scanner. Similarly, great success has been achieved in MMS mission using such multiple top‐hat analyzers to achieve unprecedented temporal resolution. An instantaneous angular coverage of charged particles measurements is an alternative approach to pursuing the goal of high time resolution. This was done with 4‐D Fast Omnidirectional Nonscanning Energy Mass Analyzer and, to a lesser extent, by DYMIO instruments for Mars‐96 and with the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer instrument for MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging mission. In this paper we describe, along with precursors, a plasma analyzer with a 2π electrostatic mirror that was developed originally for the Phobos‐Soil mission with a follow‐up in the frame of the BepiColombo mission and is under development for future Russian missions. Different versions of instrument are discussed along with their advantages and drawbacks.
On temporal variation of reconnection rate and X line electric field structure
Authors: Shimizu K. , Fujimoto M. , Shinohara I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe have inspected how the reconnection rate and electric field structure around an X line vary in response to macroscopic circumstances surrounding the X line. In a very simple simulation of two‐dimensional collisionless magnetic reconnection, wherein reconnection is initiated in a thin current sheet with antiparallel magnetic field bounded by a periodic boundary, the reconnection rate increases explosively, hits a peak, slowly declines, and then reconnection terminates. This temporal variation of the reconnection rate at an X line is affected by the condition outside the X line, but it has not been clear how the X line senses the external conditions. By inspecting the associated variation of the spatial structure of the out‐of‐plane electric field, we found that the out‐of‐plane electric field at the outer edge of the outer Electron Diffusion Region (oEDR) plays a key role in regulating the reconnection rate by communicating the conditions beyond the oEDR to the inner EDR via the electric field profile. We also show that the behavior of the reconnection rate in more complicated situations can be explained from the same perspective.
Inversion of coeval shear and normal stress of Piton de la Fournaise flank displacement
Authors: Tridon Marine , Cayol Valérie , Froger Jean‐Luc , Augier Aurélien , Bachèlery Patrick 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe April 2007 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise was the biggest volcano eruptive crisis of the 20th and 21st centuries. Interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) captured a large coeruptive seaward displacement on the volcano's eastern flank, which continued for more than a year at a decreasing rate. Coeruptive uplift and posteruptive subsidence were also observed. While it is generally agreed that flank displacement is induced by fault slip, we suggest that this flank displacement might have been induced by a sheared sill, based on observations of sheared sills at Piton des Neiges. To test this hypothesis, we develop a new method to invert a quadrangular curved source submitted to simultaneous pressure and shear stress changes. This method, based on boundary elements, is applied to data acquired along six Envisat orbits covering a 14 month period subsequent to the April 2007 eruption. Posteruptive displacement is well explained by closure and slip of a large (5 km by 8 km) and shallow (500 m) trapezoidal fracture parallel to the flank and probably coincident with a lithological discontinuity. We investigate whether thermal contraction or degassing of a coeruptive sill can explain the displacement. Such a sill would have to be 10 times thicker than inferred from the coeruptive uplift and solidification time 10 times shorter (~20 days) than the duration of the posteruptive subsidence (24 to 33 months). Instead, we propose that the posteruptive eastern flank displacement is due to the compaction and ongoing slow slip on a shallow detachment fault.
Airborne measurements of BrO and the sum of HOBr and Br2 over the Tropical West Pacific from 1 to 15 km during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) experiment
Authors: Chen Dexian , Huey L. Gregory , Tanner David J. , Salawitch Ross J. , Anderson Daniel C. , Wales Pamela A. , Pan Laura L. , Atlas Elliot L. , Hornbrook Rebecca S. , Apel Eric C. , Blake Nicola J. , Campos Teresa L. , Donets Valeria , Flocke Frank M. , Hall Samuel R. , Hanisco Thomas F. , Hills Alan J. , Honomichl Shawn B. , Jensen Jørgen B. , Kaser Lisa , Montzka Denise D. , Nicely Julie M. , Reeves J. Michael , Riemer Daniel D. , Schauffler Sue M. , Ullmann Kirk , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Wolfe Glenn M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA chemical ionization mass spectrometer was used to measure BrO and HOBr + Br2 over the Tropical West Pacific Ocean within the altitude range of 1 to 15 km, during the CONvective TRansport of Active Species in the Tropics (CONTRAST) campaign in 2014. Isolated episodes of elevated BrO (up to 6.6 pptv) and/or HOBr + Br2 (up to 7.3 pptv) were observed in the tropical free troposphere (TFT) and were associated with biomass burning. However, most of the time we did not observe significant BrO or HOBr + Br2 in the TFT and the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) above our limits of detection (LOD). The 1 min average LOD for BrO ranged from 0.6 to 1.6 pptv and for HOBr + Br2 ranged from 1.3 to 3.5 pptv. During one flight, BrO observations from the TTL to the extratropical lowermost stratosphere were used to infer a profile of inorganic bromine (Bry). Based on this profile, we estimated the product gas injection of bromine species into the stratosphere to be 2 pptv. Analysis of Bry partitioning further indicates that BrO levels are likely very low in the TFT environment and that future studies should target the measurement of HBr or atomic Br.
Additional Questions about the Applicability of “False Memory” Research
Authors: Becker‐Blease Kathryn , Freyd Jennifer J. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryBrewin and Andrews present a strong case that the results of studies on adults' false memories for childhood events yield small and variable effects of questionable practical significance. We discuss some fundamental limitations of the literature available for this review, highlighting key issues in the operationalization of the term ‘false memory’, publication bias, and additional variables that have been insufficiently researched. We discuss the implications of these findings in the real world. Ultimately, we conclude that more work is needed in all of these domains, and appreciate the efforts of these authors to further a careful and evidence‐based discussion of the issues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phosphan‐stabilisierte Borylene und Boryl‐Anionen als Liganden? Redoxaktivität in Bor‐basierten Pinzetten‐Komplexen
Authors: Vondung Lisa , Frank Nicolas , Fritz Maximilian , Alig Lukas , Langer Robert 
Published: October 2016

AbstractStabilisierte Borylene (L2BH:) mit schwach π‐akzeptierenden Substituenten L, wie Phosphanen, galten bisher als instabil. Hier beschreiben wir eine Serie von Komplexen, die formal ein Phosphan‐stabilisiertes Borylen oder Boryl‐Anion als Liganden enthalten. Im Unterschied zu gängigen dreibindigen Bor‐Verbindungen agieren die hier beschriebenen Liganden als elektronendonierende Liganden. Die erhaltenen Eisen‐Hydrid‐Komplexe weisen eine ungewöhnliche Reaktivität auf und reagieren reversibel unter reduktiver B‐H‐Eliminierung, die formal mit einer Oxidation der Bor(I)‐Donorgruppe einhergeht.
Tunable Syngas Production from CO2 and H2O in an Aqueous Photoelectrochemical Cell
Authors: Chu Sheng , Fan Shizhao , Wang Yongjie , Rossouw David , Wang Yichen , Botton Gianluigi A. , Mi Zetian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSyngas, the mixture of CO and H2, is a key feedstock to produce methanol and liquid fuels in industry, yet limited success has been made to develop clean syngas production using renewable solar energy. We demonstrated that syngas with a benchmark turnover number of 1330 and a desirable CO/H2 ratio of 1:2 could be attained from photoelectrochemical CO2 and H2O reduction in an aqueous medium by exploiting the synergistic co‐catalytic effect between Cu and ZnO. The CO/H2 ratio in the syngas products was tuned in a large range between 2:1 and 1:4 with a total unity Faradaic efficiency. Moreover, a high Faradaic efficiency of 70 % for CO was acheived at underpotential of 180 mV, which is the lowest potential ever reported in an aqueous photoelectrochemical cell. It was found that the combination of Cu and ZnO offered complementary chemical properties that lead to special reaction channels not seen in Cu, or ZnO alone.
Defektmodelle in siliciumreichen Zeolithen: Cluster von Wasserstoffbrücken und ihre Wechselwirkungen mit organischen Strukturdirigenten aus 1H‐Doppel‐ und Tripelquanten‐NMR
Authors: Brunklaus Gunther , Koller Hubert , Zones Stacey I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractInterne SiOH‐ und SiO−‐Defektgruppen werden in Si‐reichen Zeolithen während der Synthese unter dem Einfluss organischer Kationen (“structure‐directing agent”, SDA) als negative Ladungszentren gebildet. Diese Arbeit untersucht die Defektcluster und ihre Lokalisierung in den Porenwänden von vier Zeolithen. ZSM‐12, ZSM‐5 und SSZ‐74 zeigen drei SiOH‐Gruppen in einem Defektcluster, in dem sie Wasserstoffbrücken zu einer SiO−‐Gruppe bilden, wohingegen SSZ‐24 nur zwei solche Wasserstoffbrücken aufweist. Die Defekte wechselwirken mit quartären Ammoniumkationen vorzugsweise in der Nähe des Ladungszentrums des SDA, wenn keine sterische Behinderung vorliegt. Die Gerüste von ZSM‐12, ZSM‐5 und SSZ‐24 enthalten verbundene Sechsringe an den Stellen, wo das organische Kation mit den Defekten wechselwirkt. Es wird vorgeschlagen, dass diese Sechsringmuster in den Materialien Si‐O‐Si‐Brückendefekte bilden. SSZ‐74 ist ein Sonderfall, da dieser Zeolith keine ausgedehnten Sechsringmuster enthält.
Catalyst‐Free Formal Thioboration to Synthesize Borylated Benzothiophenes and Dihydrothiophenes
Authors: Faizi Darius J. , Davis Ashlee J. , Meany Fiach B. , Blum Suzanne A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe first ring‐forming thioboration reaction of C−C π bonds is reported. This catalyst‐free method proceeds in the presence of a commercially available external electrophilic boron source (B‐chlorocatecholborane) in good to high yields. The method is scalable and tolerates a variety of functional groups that are intolerant of other major borylation methods. The resulting borylated benzothiophenes participate in a variety of in situ derivatization reactions, showcasing that these borylated intermediates do not need to be isolated prior to downstream functionalization. This methodology has been extended to the synthesis of borylated dihydrothiophenes. Mechanistic experiments suggest that the operative mechanistic pathway is through boron‐induced activation of the alkyne followed by electrophilic cyclization, as opposed to S−B σ bond formation, providing a mechanistically distinct pathway to the thioboration of C−C π bonds.
A Platinum(IV) Anticancer Prodrug Targeting Nucleotide Excision Repair To Overcome Cisplatin Resistance
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Xu Zoufeng , Zhu Guangyu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDNA damage response plays a key role not only in maintaining genome integrity but also in mediating the antitumor efficacy of DNA‐damaging antineoplastic drugs. Herein, we report the rational design and evaluation of a PtIV anticancer prodrug inhibiting nucleotide excision repair (NER), one of the most pivotal processes after the formation of cisplatin‐induced DNA damage that deactivates the drug and leads to drug resistance in the clinic. This dual‐action prodrug enters cells efficiently and causes DNA damage while simultaneously inhibiting NER to promote apoptotic response. The prodrug is strongly active against the proliferation of cisplatin‐resistant human cancer cells with an up to 88‐fold increase in growth inhibition compared with cisplatin, and the prodrug is much more active than a mixture of cisplatin and an NER inhibitor. Our study highlights the importance of targeting downstream pathways after the formation of Pt‐induced DNA damage as a novel strategy to conquer cisplatin resistance.