bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implications for visually stimulating advertisements on NYC subway platforms
Authors: Fullwood M. Dottington , Basch Corey H. , LeBlanc Michael 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Despite the fact that the New York City (NYC) Metropolitan Transportation Authority (MTA) no longer advertises tobacco products, there is no ban on ads for alcohol. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the frequency of alcohol-related advertising content on the platforms of two populated subway lines in NYC. Advertisements were evaluated on one subway line (the green line) that runs through Bronx and Manhattan in NYC. In the stations included in the study, the total number of advertisements were tallied and classified according to the type of advertisement. When an advertisement for alcohol was identified, it was determined whether the ad was for an alcoholic beverage, or it if was for a different product but exhibited an alcoholic beverage in some way. A total of 26 advertisements were identified which marketed an alcohol product. An additional 24 ads were noted for marketing another product or service whereby, alcohol was depicted as being consumed. There was a statistically significant difference in ads between the different lines t (20.04)=7.62, p<0.001, with an average of 1.5 ads on the uptown lines (heading toward and through the borough with the lowest median income) versus 0.06 ads on the downtown lines (heading toward and through the borough with the highest median income). Given the far reach that subway advertisements have, focus could shift to health promoting products, versus those that are deleterious.
Effects of interword spacing on native English readers of Chinese as a second language
Authors: Bassetti Bene , Lu Mehui 
Published: March 2016

AbstractInterword spacing facilitates English native readers but not native readers of Chinese, a writing system that does not mark word boundaries. L1-English readers of Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) could then be facilitated if spacing is added between words in Chinese materials. However, previous studies produced inconsistent results. This study tested the hypothesis that interword spacing facilitates L1-English CSL readers. We used an online multiple-choice gap-filling task to test 12 English CSL readers and 12 Chinese natives reading a series of eight texts of suitable difficulty, written with or without interword spacing. The CSL readers read faster with interword spacing than without, while Chinese native readers were not affected. The interword spacing effect was negatively correlated with measures of reading proficiency. It is argued that interword spacing facilitates CSL readers reading materials of sufficient complexity by facilitating their lexical parsing. Pedagogical implications are discussed.
Role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, stromal derived factor-1 and retinoic acid in pathophysiology of neuropathic pain in rats
Authors: Hamed Enas Ahmed , Mohamed Farghaly Hanan Sayed , Abdel Mola Asmaa Fathey , Fahmi Minerva Kamal , Makhlouf Madiha Mohammed , Balfas Mohamed Abdullah 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Background: Chemokines have been recently recognized to play a role in chronic pain syndromes’ pathophysiology. This study investigated the role of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), stromal cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1), and retinoic acid (RA) as targets for the therapeutic approach of neuropathic pain.

Methods: A chronic constriction injury (CCI) model of neuropathic pain by unilateral ligation of left sciatic nerve was performed in adult female Wistar rats. The effects of doxycycline (Dox, 50 mg/kg/day i.p. for 7 days), single dose of bicyclam (5 mg/kg i.p.), RA (15 mg/kg/day i.p. for 7 days), and their combination(s) on behavioral tests of nociception (Von Frey filaments; paw pressure test) on days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 of operation were studied. Serum concentrations of MCP-1 and SDF-1 were measured by ELISA. Histological examination of the sciatic nerve was investigated.

Results: CCI of sciatic nerve significantly induced mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia and an increase of MCP-1 and SDF-1 serum levels. Dox-treated groups (Dox, Dox+bicyclam, Dox+RA, Dox+bicyclam+RA) and bicyclam-treated groups (bicyclam, Dox+bicyclam, bicyclam+RA, Dox+bicyclam+RA) attenuated CCI-induced behavioral and biochemical changes. RA inhibited CCI-induced mechanical hyperalgesia but produced a time-dependent reversal of allodynia. Histological findings showed degenerative changes of sciatic nerve after CCI that were partially recovered in Dox-treated groups.

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate an association between serum MCP-1 and SDF-1 concentrations and behavioral manifestations of neuropathic pain. RA administration decreased neuropathic pain (antihyperalgesic effect) but did not cause any improvement in sciatic nerve tissues, either alone or in combination with chemokine antagonists. Thus, chemokines may serve as potential targets for drug development in neuropathic pain treatment.
Co-constructing meaning and context in international teacher education
Authors: Hahl Kaisa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn teacher education, students not only construct content knowledge but examine theory through their own experiences to be able to apply it to practice in equitable education. Teacher education prepares students for a certain educational system and usually it is the one in which the students are themselves educated. International higher education programmes in countries where English is not an official language use English as a lingua franca (ELF) for teaching and learning. However, participants come to a communicative situation with their own history, past experiences, knowledge, and their own frames of reference. This article looks at an excerpt from a particular university teaching session in English-medium instruction (EMI) teacher education in Finland where a group of international students from diverse educational, linguistic, and cultural backgrounds negotiate for meaning and common understanding. A discussion about an ethical dilemma related to student assessment is analyzed qualitatively turn-by-turn to show how communicative resources help overcome mis- and non-understanding that stems from, besides linguistic difficulties, understanding contexts in different ways. The achievement of mutual intelligibility and individual learning required the participation of many to allow for the linguistic challenges of understanding less familiar varieties and uses of English, and interpret the cultural and contextual levels behind the utterances.
Medullary thyroid carcinoma: a review on ethical considerations in treatment of children
Authors: Nozhat Zahra , Hedayati Mehdi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThyroid carcinoma is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system and it accounts approximately 1%–3% of all human cancers. Among the three subtypes of thyroid cancers, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is the most common cause of death in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A (MEN2A), MEN type 2B (MEN2B) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). Generally, MTC accounts for up to 10% of all types of thyroid cancers. It is one of the aggressive forms of thyroid carcinoma which is manifested in childhood ages more than adults, and it comprises about 17% of all pediatric thyroid cancer. Like the other cancers, prevention of MTC is easier than its cure. In the recent decades (from 1993) the diagnosis of asymptomatic child carrying
Novel AVPR2 mutation causing partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus in a Japanese family
Authors: Yamashita Sumie , Hata Astuko , Usui Takeshi , Oda Hirotsugu , Hijikata Atsushi , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Kaneko Naoto , Hata Daisuke 
Published: March 2016

AbstractX-linked recessive congenital nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is caused by mutations of the arginine vasopressin type 2 receptor gene (AVPR2). More than 200 mutations of theWe herein report a Japanese kindred with partial NDI. The proband is an 8-year-old boy who was referred to our hospital for nocturnal enuresis. Water deprivation test and hypertonic saline test suggested partial renal antidiuretic hormone arginine vasopressin (AVP) resistance.Analysis of genomic DNA revealed a novel missense mutation (p.L161P) in the patient. The patient’s mother was heterozygous for the mutation. Three-dimensional (3-D) modeling study showed that L161P possibly destabilizes the transmembrane domain of the V2 receptor, resulting in its misfolding or mislocalization.Distinguishing partial NDI from nocturnal enuresis is important. A clinical clue for diagnosis of partial NDI is an incompatibly high level of AVP despite normal serum osmolality.
A novel OTX2 gene frameshift mutation in a child with microphthalmia, ectopic pituitary and growth hormone deficiency
Authors: Lonero Antonella , Delvecchio Maurizio , Primignani Paola , Caputo Roberto , Bargiacchi Sara , Penco Silvana , Mauri Lucia , Andreucci Elena , Faienza Maria Felicia , Cavallo Luciano 
Published: March 2016

Abstractmutations are reported in patients with eye maldevelopment and in some cases with brain or pituitary abnormalities. We describe a child carrying a novel
Revisiting dynamic space in film from a semiotic perspective
Authors: Tseng Chiao-I 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper revisits a particular area of concern in computer generated (CG) visual effects, namely, the problem of the space in dynamic, multiple panels created by digital processes. The paper critiques recent statements made on narrative understanding, positing equivalences between a viewer’s navigation across dynamic frames in CG images and human-computer interactions, as well as claims of narrative complexity in films using dynamic frames. This paper will argue that it is necessary to approach the meaning construction of cinematic space by distinguishing analytical levels of materiality from their discursive meaning, because the visual effect created by the manipulation of a dynamic spatial layout does not necessarily burden the viewer’s linear path for constructing coherent spatial meaning.
Zero sign duality in visual semiotics
Authors: Cantor Robert M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the dyadic concept of zero sign in general linguistics is transformed into a triadic concept of zero sign in visual semiotics. A formal duality relation is defined between two types of visual zero sign. It is argued that the common experience of failure to perceive visual zero signs may be due to either inattention of the interpreter or camouflage of the object of the sign. We conclude that dual zero signs act as detectors in visual semiotics.
Conceptual embodiment in visual semiotics
Authors: Cantor Robert M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the basic concepts of Peircean semiotics are derived from visual experience by the process of conceptual embodiment. We begin with embodiment of the universal Categories of Being that are accessible to thought or the universal Categories of Thought, which Charles S. Peirce defined and termed Firstness, Secondness, and Thirdness. On this basis, we demonstrate conceptual embodiments of the Peircean typologies of dyadic relations, triadic relations and representations. The phenomenology of visual perception is modeled as a triadic typology of embodied mental processes which we term detection, localization and identification. Based upon the pioneering work of Lakoff and Johnson, we examine the role of visual embodiment in concept formation as inferred from linguistic expressions. We conclude that certain fundamental physical and relational concepts may be regarded as the embodied interpretants of visual signs.
Reading palm-up signs: Neurosemiotic overview of a common hand gesture
Authors: Givens David B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article explores ways in which the human nervous system encodes and decodes palm-up gestural signs, signals, and cues. Palm-up gestures and their accompanying speech acts evolved from an ancient neurological system that gave rise to both gestural (pectoral) communication and vocal (laryngeal) language (Bass and Chagnaud 2013, Shared developmental and evolutionary origins for neural basis of vocal–acoustic and pectoral–gestural signaling.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences109. 10677–10684.). Meanings of palm-up cues are multifaceted and nuanced, and express degrees of emotional helplessness, cognitive uncertainty, prosodic emphasis, and social deference. By themselves or in combination with other hand movements – such as reaching, showing, and pointing – palm-up cues are used to begin speaking turns, ask questions, request favors, and share personal opinions, feelings, and moods. The palm-up hand movement is a possibly universal signal of deference, in Erving Goffman’s (1956, The nature of deference and demeanor. American Anthropologist 58(3). 473–502.) sense of the term, not unlike other deferential body-motion cues such as the anjai mudra, bow, curtsy, genuflection, kowtow, namaste, poussi-poussi, pranama, sampeah, and wai.
Exploring stories
Authors: Prince Gerald 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAiming to underline the link between storytelling content and ritual structure and to show how the building of community constitutes the meta-theme of storytelling in general and film narrative in particular, L. A. Alexander explores the notion of symbolic community and provides a detailed account of narrative (film) genres in terms of three parameters–their origin in a basic ritual, the cultural need they address, and the cultural function they fulfill–as well as sets of rules for the successful creation of fictional worlds. Though it does not pay much attention to such important narrational elements as distance, speed, and point of view, Alexander’s exploration sheds decisive light on the foundations, characteristics, and possibilities of fictional worlds represented in (film) narratives.
Noether Symmetry Analysis of the Dynamic Euler-Bernoulli Beam Equation
Authors: Johnpillai A.G. , Mahomed K.S. , Harley C. , Mahomed F.M. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
We study the fourth-order dynamic Euler-Bernoulli beam equation from the Noether symmetry viewpoint. This was earlier considered for the Lie symmetry classification. We obtain the Noether symmetry classification of the equation with respect to the applied load, which is a function of the dependent variable of the underlying equation. We find that the principal Noether symmetry algebra is two-dimensional when the load function is arbitrary and extends for linear and power law cases. For all cases, for each of the Noether symmetries associated with the usual Lagrangian, we construct conservation laws for the equation via the Noether theorem. We also provide a basis of conservation laws by using the adjoint algebra. The Noether symmetries pick out the special value of the power law, which is –7. We consider the Noether symmetry reduction for this special case, which gives rise to a first integral that is used for our numerical code. For this, we then find numerical solutions using an in-built function in MATLAB called bvp4c, which is a boundary value solver for differential equations that are depicted in five figures. The physical solutions obtained are for the deflection of the beam with an increase in displacement. These are given in four figures and discussed.
Conservation laws and Exact Solutions of Phi-Four (Phi-4) Equation via the (G′/G, 1/G)-Expansion Method
Authors: Akbulut Arzu , Kaplan Melike , Tascan Filiz 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this article, we constructed formal Lagrangian of Phi-4 equation, and then via this formal Lagrangian, we found adjoint equation. We investigated if the Lie point symmetries of the equation satisfy invariance condition or not. Then we used conservation theorem to find conservation laws of Phi-4 equation. Finally, the exact solutions of the equation were obtained through the (G′/G, 1/G)-expansion method.
KEJADIAN STUNTING DAN KEMATANGAN USIA TULANG PADA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DASAR DI DAERAH PERTANIAN KABUPATEN BREBES
Authors: Kartini Apoina 
Published: March 2016

<p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p><p>Pestisida merupakan salah satu EDCs. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan kejadian stunting dan kematangan usia tulang pada anak usia Sekolah Dasar di Daerah Pertanian Kabupaten Brebes. Penelitian observasional tahun 2015 dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Sampel 66 siswa SD Dukuhlo 01 dan 02 berusia 8-12 tahun. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji chi-square. Kejadian stunting sebanyak 21,2% dan siswa yang mengalami keterlambatan usia tulang sebanyak 42,4%. Proporsi siswa metabolit pestisida positif lebih banyak pada yang terlibat kegiatan pertanian (29,2%) dibanding siswa yang tidak terlibat kegiatan pertanian (5,6%). Kejadian stunting lebih banyak pada siswa dengan metabolit pestisida positif (26,7%) dibanding yang negatif (19,6%). Siswa kategori terlambat usia tulangnya lebih banyak pada yang metabolit pestisida positif (46,7%) dibanding yang negatif (41,2%). Kejadian stunting lebih banyak pada siswa dengan ke terlambatan usia tulang (42,9%) dibanding siswa yang usia tulangnya termasuk kategori normal (5,3%) dan berhubungan bermakna (p=0,001).</p><p>Kata kunci : <em>stunting</em>, usia tulang, pestisida, anak SD, daerah pertanian.</p><p> </p><p><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p><em>Pesticide is an example of EDCs source. This study aimed to describe prevalence of stunting and bone-age maturity in elementary school students in agriculture areas of Brebes Districts. This was an observational study conducted in 2015 with cross sectional approach. Study subjects consisted of 66 students of SD Dukuhlo 01 and 02, ranged from 8 to12 years old. chi-square test was used to analyzed the data. This study showed stunting prevalence among students was 21.2%. There were 42.4% students underwent delayed bone-age maturiey. Proportion of students with positive pesticide metabolites were higher in those who involved in agriculture activities (29.2%) compared to those who did not (5.6%). Stunting was more prevalent in students with positive pesticide metabolites (26.7%) compared to the negative ones (19.6%). Students with delayed bone-age maturity were more frequent to be found with positive pesticide metabolites (46.7%) compared to negative (41.2%). Proportion of students with delayed bone-age maturiry (42.9%) compared to normal (5,3%). Stunting were significantly related to delayed bone-age maturity (p=0.001).</em></p><p><em>Keyword : </em><em>Stunting; Bone-age; </em><em>Esticide; Elementary school students; Agricultural area.</em></p><p> </p>
PENGARUH MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN DAN GAYA KOGNITIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SEJARAH
Authors: Tanjung Samsidar 
Published: March 2016

<p>This study aims to investigate the effect of multi-channel teaching media and cognitive styles toward the history learning achievement. This quantitative, experimental study employs a 2X2 factorial design. It involves two independent variables, i.e. multi-channel teaching media (X1) and cognitive styles (X2), and learning achievement (Y) as the dependent variable. Population of the study is all students of the History Education Department who are taking the History of Indonesia 3. Samples are selected from this group using random sampling and are collected by conducting Learning Achievement and Cognitive Style tests. Findings signify that: (1) Teaching activities which utilize teaching media by utility (making use of the environment) bring greater learning achievement compared to those that utilize teaching media by design. (2) There are differences between the learning achievements of students. Those with field-independent cognitive style show better achievement than students who are field-dependent. (3) Findings show that students of the Indonesian History 3 course who were taught using teaching media by utility obtain better learning achievement than those who were taught using teaching media by design. Making use of the media available in the immediate learning environment will make it easier for students to manipulate information that they receive with their respective cognitive structure.</p><p> </p><p>Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media dan gaya kognitif terhadap hasil belajar sejarah. Penelitian menggunakan eksperimen ini menggunakan desain faktorial 2X2. Ini melibatkan dua variabel independen, yaitu media pembelajaran (X1) dan gaya kognitif (X2), dan prestasi belajar (Y) sebagai variabel dependen. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Sejarah yang mengambil Sejarah Indonesia 3. Sampel dipilih menggunakan random sampling dan dikumpulkan dengan melakukan hasil Belajar dan tes Gaya kognitif. Temuan menandakan bahwa: (1) kegiatan Pengajaran yang memanfaatkan media pembelajaran by utility (memanfaatkan lingkungan) membawa hasil belajar yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan mereka yang memanfaatkan media pembelajaran by design. (2) Ada perbedaan antara prestasi belajar siswa. Mereka dengan gaya kognitif menunjukkan prestasi lebih baik. (3) Temuan menunjukkan bahwa siswa dari kuliah Sejarah Indonesia 3 yang diajarkan menggunakan media pembelajaran by utility memperoleh prestasi belajar yang lebih baik daripada mereka yang diajarkan menggunakan media yang mengajar dengan by design. Memanfaatkan media yang tersedia di lingkungan belajar langsung akan memudahkan siswa untuk memanipulasi informasi yang mereka terima dengan struktur kognitif mereka masing-masing.</p><p> </p>
Home-Based Early Intervention and the Influence of Family Resources on Cognitive Development
Authors: Bann Carla M. , Wallander Jan L. , Do Barbara , Thorsten Vanessa , Pasha Omrana , Biasini Fred J. , Bellad Roopa , Goudar Shivaprasad , Chomba Elwyn , McClure Elizabeth , Carlo Waldemar A. 
Published: March 2016

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate whether early developmental intervention (EDI) can positively affect the trajectories of cognitive development among children from low-resource families.

METHODS:
Longitudinal analyses were conducted of data from 293 children in the Brain Research to Ameliorate Impaired Neurodevelopment Home-based Intervention Trial, a randomized controlled trial of a home-based EDI program, to examine trajectories of Bayley Scales of Infant Development—Second Edition Mental Development Index (MDI) scores from 12 to 36 months of age among young children from high- and low-resource families in 3 low- to middle-resource countries.

RESULTS:
A 3-way interaction among family resources, intervention group, and age was statistically significant after controlling for maternal, child, and birth characteristics (Wald χ2(1) = 9.41, P = .002). Among children of families with high resources, both the intervention and control groups had significant increases in MDI scores over time (P &lt; .001 and P = .002, respectively), and 36-month MDI scores for these 2 groups did not differ significantly (P = .602). However, in families with low resources, the EDI group displayed greater improvement, resulting in significantly higher 36-month MDI scores than the control group (P &lt; .001). In addition, the 36-month MDI scores for children in families with low resources receiving EDI did not differ significantly from children from high-resource families in either the EDI (P = .509) or control (P = .882) groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
A home-based EDI during the first 3 years of life can substantially decrease the developmental gap between children from families with lower versus higher resources, even among children in low- to middle-resource countries.