bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Critical Role Played by the Catalytic Moiety in the Early‐Time Photodynamics of Hydrogen‐Generating Bimetallic Photocatalysts
Authors: Pan Qing , Mecozzi Francesco , Korterik Jeroen P. , Vos Johannes G. , Browne Wesley R. , Huijser Annemarie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe effect of the catalytic moiety on the early‐time photodynamics of Ru/M (M=Pt or Pd) bimetallic photocatalysts is studied by ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy. In comparison to the Ru/Pd photocatalyst described earlier, the Ru/Pt analogue shows complex excited‐state dynamics with three distinct kinetic components ranging from sub‐ps to 102 ps, requiring a more sophisticated photophysical model than that developed earlier for the Ru/Pd complex. In the Pu/Pt photocatalyst, an additional lower‐lying excited state is proposed to quench the hot higher‐lying triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer states. Furthermore, a strong excitation wavelength dependence on the population of excited states is observed for both the Ru/Pt and Ru/Pd complexes, indicating a non‐equilibrated distribution even on the 102 ps timescale. These insights shed light on the significant impact of the catalytic moiety on the fundamental early‐time photophysics of Ru‐based photocatalysts.
Palladium Immobilized on Thiol‐Modified Silica Gel for Effective Direct C−H Arylation
Authors: Hayashi Shotaro , Takigami Atsushi , Koizumi Toshio 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA palladium catalyst immobilized on thiol‐modified silica gel (PITS) was developed for the efficient synthesis of various π‐conjugated oligomers and polymers. Direct arylation of 3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) gave not only the corresponding oligomeric compounds in high yields but also high‐molecular‐weight π‐conjugated polymers in high yields. Moreover, the polycondensation of the β‐unprotected bithiophene monomer with dibromoarenes was also achieved. This solid‐supported Pd catalyst was used to conduct regioselective direct arylation polycondensation, giving high‐molecular‐weight π‐conjugated polymers in high purity (low levels of residual Pd impurities and structural β‐defects).
High power factor electronic ballast using resonant converter for compact fluorescent lamp
Authors: Ramadas Geetha , Nadesan Manoj Kumar , Yesuraj Sukhi , Yesuraj Jeyashree 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThis paper proposes a novel single stage single switch resonant inverter with high power factor for electronic ballast. The power factor correction circuit is at the input side. It is designed to operate at discontinuous conduction mode. The lamp power is controlled by adjusting the duty ratio of the active switch of the power factor correction circuit. The circuit operation is analyzed in detail to derive the design equations. Circuit parameters are designed based on design considerations. Finally, prototype electronic ballast for a 40‐W compact fluorescent lamp is built and tested. The efficiency and the performance of the proposed converter are verified for the designed prototype. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conditioned breathing depression during neonatal life as a function of associating ethanol odor and the drug's intoxicating effects
Authors: Macchione A. F. , Anunziata F. , Culleré M. E. , Haymal B. O. , Spear N. , Abate P. , Molina J. C. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTFetal and neonatal ethanol‐related alterations upon the respiratory system have been described in different mammals. Studies also indicate that perinates learn about the sensory attributes of ethanol and associate them with diverse physiological effects of the state of intoxication. The present study was conducted in rat neonates during a developmental stage equivalent to the third human gestational trimester. The major goal was to analyze the consequences of ethanol odor exposure, the state of intoxication, or the temporal contiguity between these factors upon breathing patterns. The main findings were as follows: (a) a conditioned breathing depression was observed following few trials defined by the association between ethanol odor and the state of intoxication and (b) sequential exposure to ethanol sensitizes the organism to the drug's respiratory depressant effects without affecting ethanol metabolism. These results indicate that early breathing disruptions caused by ethanol can be determined or modulated via learning processes. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58:670–686, 2016.
Applicability of traditional and advanced methods for oxidative quality and stability on marine phospholipids
Authors: Mozuraityte Revilija , Kristinova Vera , Standal Inger Beate , Evensen Henning , Rustad Turid 
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study was to evaluate oxidative status and stability measurements of cod roe phospholipid (PL) extracts obtained by different extraction methods, and of two refined fish oils. The oxidative status varied depending on the method and on the extraction methods for the PL extracts. Peroxide value (PV) and anisidine value (AV) were not measurable in PL extracted by ethanol due to dissolution issues and precipitation occurring in the reaction mixture, the latter were attributed to co‐extracted compounds. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values were significantly lower for determinations in the presence of an antioxidant in the reaction mixture for both fish oils and PL indicating that marine lipids may become oxidized in the course of the analysis. The accelerated oxidation revealed major differences in the pattern of oxidation in bulk fish oil and bulk PL. While for fish oils, the level of omega‐3 fatty acids decreased and the level of both peroxides and aldehydes increased, PL showed minor loss of omega‐3 fatty acids, minimal presence of the oxidation markers accompanied by disappearance of phosphatidylethanolamine group. This study shows that the applicability of classical oxidation status methods on marine phospholipids is limited. Variations in the methods, such as the choice of lipid solvent/reaction medium, may also lead to different results. 1H high resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy NMR proved to be a valuable tool to study the different oxidation patterns of fish oils and PLs.Practical applications: The oxidative status and stability of marine omega‐3 lipids are important quality parameters. The marine lipid industry usually relies upon two standard analyses to describe the quality of their products: PV by the AOCS Official method Cd 8b‐90 and AV by the AOCS Official Method Cd 18–90. This work studies the applicability of these traditional and other methods to describe oxidative status and stability of marine phospholipids compared to classical fish oils. The results show that depending on the processing and composition, some of the methods are not applicable for phospholipids and, therefore, can give a misleading picture of the quality of the product. Moreover, the paper also shows that oxidative pathway for phospholipids are different compared to triacylglycerides and that an analytical tool like NMR can be used to describe the quality of marine phospholipids.1H NMR results show that different oxidation patterns are involved during oxidation of marine phospholipids compared to marine oils (cod liver oil) and this can also limit acceptability of standard oxidative quality and stability methods for marine phospholipids.
Dynamic and equivalent static procedures for capacity design of controlled rocking steel braced frames
Authors: Steele Taylor C. , Wiebe Lydell D. A. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryControlled rocking steel braced frames (CRSBFs) have been proposed as a low‐damage seismic force resisting system with reliable self‐centring capabilities. Vertical post‐tensioning tendons are designed to self‐centre the system after rocking, and energy dissipation may be provided to limit the peak displacements. The post‐tensioning and energy dissipation can be designed using simple methods that rely primarily on the first‐mode response. However, the frame member forces are highly influenced by the higher‐mode response, resulting in more complex methods to design the frame members. This paper examines previous proposals and also proposes two new capacity design methods for CRSBFs. The first is a dynamic procedure that requires a truncated response spectrum analysis on a model of the frame with modified boundary conditions to consider the rocking behaviour. The second is an equivalent static method that does not require any modifications to the elastic frame model, instead using theory‐based lateral force distributions to consider the higher modes of the rocking structure. Neither method requires empirical calibration. The dynamic procedure is used to design two sets of CRSBFs with three, six, nine, twelve and eighteen stories, one set using a response modification factor of R = 8 and the other using up to R = 20. Based on the results of 800 nonlinear time history analyses, both methods are generally more accurate than the previous capacity design methods and at least as simple to implement. Finally, the displacement results suggest that taller CRSBFs designed using
could still limit interstorey drifts to approximately 2.5% at the maximum considered earthquake level in the cases considered. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Response evaluation of interconnected electrical substation equipment using real‐time hybrid simulation on multiple shaking tables
Authors: Mosalam Khalid M. , Günay Selim , Takhirov Shakhzod 
Published: June 2016

SummaryIn an attempt to quantify the conductor cable effect on substation electrical equipment, real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is conducted on interconnected equipment using two shaking tables. For this purpose, the existing RTHS system with advanced control capabilities at the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center structural laboratory is enhanced to accommodate the simultaneous use of two shaking tables. An experimental parametric study is conducted to investigate the conductor cable effect using this system with a two‐table RTHS setup. Post insulators of disconnect switches, important components of substations that are usually tested with conventional methods for evaluating their seismic performance, are utilized as experimental substructures for realistic representation of the electrical equipment. Various global and local response parameters, including accelerations, forces, displacements, and strains, are considered to evaluate the effect of the tested conductor cable configuration for a wide range of support structure configurations, which are modeled in the computer as analytical substructures. The experimental parametric study results indicate that the conductor cable has a significant effect on the response of the interconnected equipment over the whole range of investigated support structures and needs to be explicitly considered for seismic testing of electrical equipment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The performance of wood and tile roofing assemblies exposed to continuous firebrand assault
Authors: Suzuki Sayaka , Nii Daisaku , Manzello Samuel L. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe performance of tile roofing assemblies as well as untreated cedar shake roofing assemblies exposed to continuous firebrand showers were compared. Specifically, experiments were conducted for two types of concrete tile roofing assemblies (flat and profiled), one type of terracotta tile roofing assembly (flat) and an untreated (without any fire retardant) cedar shake roofing assembly. The design of the roofing assemblies was based on construction guidelines in the USA. The duration of the firebrand flux was fixed at 20 min, and the wind speed was varied from 6 m/s to 9 m/s. These wind speeds were chosen to be able to compare roofing assembly performance to similar assemblies exposed to a batch‐feed firebrand generator which had limited duration of firebrand exposure (6 min). The average firebrand mass flux that arrived at the surface of the roofing assemblies was 0.3 g/m2s Results indicated that for the untreated cedar shake assemblies, ignition occurred easily from the firebrand assault, and this type of roofing assembly generated their own firebrands after ignition. To attempt to quantify the degree of penetration, the number of firebrands that penetrated the tile roofing assemblies, and deposited onto the underlayment/counter‐batten system was counted as function of wind speed for each assembly. Firebrand penetration was observed, even for the flat tile assemblies. It is believed that these are the first‐ever experiments described in the peer‐reviewed literature to expose wood and tile roofing experiments to continuous wind‐driven firebrand showers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐Analysis of Genome‐Wide Association Studies with Correlated Individuals: Application to the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
Authors: Sofer Tamar , Shaffer John R. , Graff Mariaelisa , Qi Qibin , Stilp Adrienne M. , Gogarten Stephanie M. , North Kari E. , Isasi Carmen R. , Laurie Cathy C. , Szpiro Adam A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTInvestigators often meta‐analyze multiple genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) to increase the power to detect associations of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with a trait. Meta‐analysis is also performed within a single cohort that is stratified by, e.g., sex or ancestry group. Having correlated individuals among the strata may complicate meta‐analyses, limit power, and inflate Type 1 error. For example, in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL), sources of correlation include genetic relatedness, shared household, and shared community. We propose a novel mixed‐effect model for meta‐analysis, “MetaCor,” which accounts for correlation between stratum‐specific effect estimates. Simulations show that MetaCor controls inflation better than alternatives such as ignoring the correlation between the strata or analyzing all strata together in a “pooled” GWAS, especially with different minor allele frequencies (MAFs) between strata. We illustrate the benefits of MetaCor on two GWASs in the HCHS/SOL. Analysis of dental caries (tooth decay) stratified by ancestry group detected a genome‐wide significant SNP (rs7791001, P‐value = , compared to in pooled), with different MAFs between strata. Stratified analysis of body mass index (BMI) by ancestry group and sex reduced overall inflation from (pooled) to (MetaCor). Furthermore, even after removing close relatives to obtain nearly uncorrelated strata, a naïve stratified analysis resulted in compared to for MetaCor.
G‐STRATEGY: Optimal Selection of Individuals for Sequencing in Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Wang Miaoyan , Jakobsdottir Johanna , Smith Albert V. , McPeek Mary Sara 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn a large‐scale genetic association study, the number of phenotyped individuals available for sequencing may, in some cases, be greater than the study's sequencing budget will allow. In that case, it can be important to prioritize individuals for sequencing in a way that optimizes power for association with the trait. Suppose a cohort of phenotyped individuals is available, with some subset of them possibly already sequenced, and one wants to choose an additional fixed‐size subset of individuals to sequence in such a way that the power to detect association is maximized. When the phenotyped sample includes related individuals, power for association can be gained by including partial information, such as phenotype data of ungenotyped relatives, in the analysis, and this should be taken into account when assessing whom to sequence. We propose G‐STRATEGY, which uses simulated annealing to choose a subset of individuals for sequencing that maximizes the expected power for association. In simulations, G‐STRATEGY performs extremely well for a range of complex disease models and outperforms other strategies with, in many cases, relative power increases of 20–40% over the next best strategy, while maintaining correct type 1 error. G‐STRATEGY is computationally feasible even for large datasets and complex pedigrees. We apply G‐STRATEGY to data on high‐density lipoprotein and low‐density lipoprotein from the AGES‐Reykjavik and REFINE‐Reykjavik studies, in which G‐STRATEGY is able to closely approximate the power of sequencing the full sample by selecting for sequencing a only small subset of the individuals.
Evidencing a place for the hippocampus within the core scene processing network
Authors: Hodgetts C.J. , Shine J.P. , Lawrence A.D. , Downing P.E. , Graham K.S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFunctional neuroimaging studies have identified several “core” brain regions that are preferentially activated by scene stimuli, namely posterior parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), retrosplenial cortex (RSC), and transverse occipital sulcus (TOS). The hippocampus (HC), too, is thought to play a key role in scene processing, although no study has yet investigated scene‐sensitivity in the HC relative to these other “core” regions. Here, we characterised the frequency and consistency of individual scene‐preferential responses within these regions by analysing a large dataset (n = 51) in which participants performed a one‐back working memory task for scenes, objects, and scrambled objects. An unbiased approach was adopted by applying independently‐defined anatomical ROIs to individual‐level functional data across different voxel‐wise thresholds and spatial filters. It was found that the majority of subjects had preferential scene clusters in PHG (max = 100% of participants), RSC (max = 76%), and TOS (max = 94%). A comparable number of individuals also possessed significant scene‐related clusters within their individually defined HC ROIs (max = 88%), evidencing a HC contribution to scene processing. While probabilistic overlap maps of individual clusters showed that overlap “peaks” were close to those identified in group‐level analyses (particularly for TOS and HC), inter‐individual consistency varied across regions and statistical thresholds. The inter‐regional and inter‐individual variability revealed by these analyses has implications for how scene‐sensitive cortex is localised and interrogated in functional neuroimaging studies, particularly in medial temporal lobe regions, such as the HC. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3779–3794, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using ventricular modeling to robustly probe significant deep gray matter pathologies: Application to cerebral palsy
Authors: Pagnozzi Alex M. , Shen Kaikai , Doecke James D. , Boyd Roslyn N. , Bradley Andrew P. , Rose Stephen , Dowson Nicholas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the relationships between the structure and function of the brain largely relies on the qualitative assessment of Magnetic Resonance Images (MRIs) by expert clinicians. Automated analysis systems can support these assessments by providing quantitative measures of brain injury. However, the assessment of deep gray matter structures, which are critical to motor and executive function, remains difficult as a result of large anatomical injuries commonly observed in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Hence, this article proposes a robust surrogate marker of the extent of deep gray matter injury based on impingement due to local ventricular enlargement on surrounding anatomy. Local enlargement was computed using a statistical shape model of the lateral ventricles constructed from 44 healthy subjects. Measures of injury on 95 age‐matched CP patients were used to train a regression model to predict six clinical measures of function. The robustness of identifying ventricular enlargement was demonstrated by an area under the curve of 0.91 when tested against a dichotomised expert clinical assessment. The measures also showed strong and significant relationships for multiple clinical scores, including: motor function (r2 = 0.62, P < 0.005), executive function (r2 = 0.55, P < 0.005), and communication (r2 = 0.50, P < 0.005), especially compared to using volumes obtained from standard anatomical segmentation approaches. The lack of reliance on accurate anatomical segmentations and its resulting robustness to large anatomical variations is a key feature of the proposed automated approach. This coupled with its strong correlation with clinically meaningful scores, signifies the potential utility to repeatedly assess MRIs for clinicians diagnosing children with CP. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3795–3809, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural and functional integration between dorsal and ventral language streams as revealed by blunt dissection and direct electrical stimulation
Authors: Sarubbo Silvio , De Benedictis Alessandro , Merler Stefano , Mandonnet Emmanuel , Barbareschi Mattia , Dallabona Monica , Chioffi Franco , Duffau Hugues 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe most accepted framework of language processing includes a dorsal phonological and a ventral semantic pathway, connecting a wide network of distributed cortical hubs. However, the cortico‐subcortical connectivity and the reciprocal anatomical relationships of this dual‐stream system are not completely clarified. We performed an original blunt microdissection of 10 hemispheres with the exposition of locoregional short fibers and six long‐range fascicles involved in language elaboration. Special attention was addressed to the analysis of termination sites and anatomical relationships between long‐ and short‐range fascicles. We correlated these anatomical findings with a topographical analysis of 93 functional responses located at the terminal sites of the language bundles, collected by direct electrical stimulation in 108 right‐handers. The locations of phonological and semantic paraphasias, verbal apraxia, speech arrest, pure anomia, and alexia were statistically analyzed, and the respective barycenters were computed in the MNI space. We found that terminations of main language bundles and functional responses have a wider distribution in respect to the classical definition of language territories. Our analysis showed that dorsal and ventral streams have a similar anatomical layer organization. These pathways are parallel and relatively segregated over their subcortical course while their terminal fibers are strictly overlapped at the cortical level. Finally, the anatomical features of the U‐fibers suggested a role of locoregional integration between the phonological, semantic, and executive subnetworks of language, in particular within the inferoventral frontal lobe and the temporoparietal junction, which revealed to be the main criss‐cross regions between the dorsal and ventral pathways. Hum Brain Mapp 37:3858–3872, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.