bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explicit Definitions and Implicit Assumptions about Post‐Socialist Cities in Academic Writings
Authors: Ferenčuhová Slavomíra 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the past five years, several critical commentaries have been published about the state of the art in research and theory on post‐socialist cities. Besides overviewing and generalizing the findings of previous studies, authors have identified several weak points in this field. This paper attempts to echo this body of work through reflecting on one simple, yet crucial question that has emerged in some of the contributions. This question is what the post‐socialist city actually stands for in urban research. The paper discusses the variety of meanings that this concept has acquired in academic literature and in scholars' attempts to explain the characteristic development of cities in former socialist countries since the 1990s. It argues that besides explicit definitions, different implicit imageries of the post‐socialist city have appeared in urban research. It has been presented as a passive structure moulded by the events in the political and economic sphere, as a specific place creatively responding to local and translocal processes, and as a place of innovation. The last post‐socialist‐city‐imagery partly responds to impulses coming recently from international urban theory, especially from the calls for a critical rethinking of the hierarchies reproduced in and through theoretical concepts (Robinson 2006; McFarlane 2010). I argue that we are currently witnessing a shift in the way the concept is being used. This brings new stimuli, topics, and also challenges to this field of research.
Enhanced Oxygen Isotope Determination in Uranium Oxides Using BrF5 Fluorination
Authors: Dierick Malorie , Pili Éric , Assayag Nelly , Agrinier Pierre 
Published: December 2016

A new method for accurate determination of oxygen isotopes in uranium oxides encountered in the nuclear fuel cycle was developed using the conventional BrF5 fluorination technique. Laser‐assisted fluorination was tested for comparison. We focused on fine powders of triuranium octoxide (U3O8), uranium dioxide (UO2±x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.25), uranium trioxide (UO3.nH2O, with 0.8 ≤ n ≤ 2) and diuranates (M2U2O7.nH2O, with M = NH4, Na or Mg0.5 and 0 ≤ n ≤ 6). Fluorination at room temperature and heating under vacuum at 150 °C are shown to eliminate both adsorbed and structural water from the powder samples. Precision fit for purpose of δ18O values (± 0.3‰, 1s) and oxygen yields (close to 100%) were obtained for U3O8 and UO2 where oxygen is only bound to uranium. A lower precision was observed for UO3.nH2O and M2U2O7.nH2O where oxygen is both present in the structural H2O and bonded to uranium and where the extracted O2(g) can be contaminated by NF3 and NOx compounds. Laser‐assisted fluorination gave shifted δ18O values between +0.8 and +1.4‰ for U3O8, around −0.8‰ for UO3.nH2O and between −3.9 and −4.5‰ for M2U2O7.nH2O (± 0.3‰, 1s) compared with the conventional method.
Effectiveness and safety of tolvaptan in liver cirrhosis patients with edema: Interim results of post‐marketing surveillance of tolvaptan in liver cirrhosis (START study)
Authors: Sakaida Isao , Terai Shuji , Kurosaki Masayuki , Yasuda Moriyoshi , Okada Mitsuru , Bando Kosuke , Fukuta Yasuhiko 
Published: December 2016

AimLoop diuretics and spironolactone are used in patients with hepatic edema, but they are sometimes associated with insufficient responses as well as adverse events. Tolvaptan, a vasopressin type 2 receptor antagonist, was approved for hepatic edema in 2013. A large‐scale post‐marketing surveillance study has been carried out to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of tolvaptan in real‐world clinical settings.MethodsPatients with hepatic cirrhosis with insufficient response to conventional diuretics were enrolled. The observational period was up to 6 months. Changes in body weight and clinical symptoms were measured to evaluate effectiveness. The incidence of adverse drug reactions was summarized as a safety measure.ResultsOf 970 patients enrolled, 463 were included in the safety analysis. Of this group, 340 were included in the effectiveness analysis. Decreases in body weight from baseline were −2.38 kg on day 7 and −3.52 kg on day 14. Ascites and bloated feeling was significantly improved within 14 days. The mean change in body weight depended on estimated glomerular filtration rate levels. The most frequently reported adverse drug reaction was thirst (6.9% of patients). Serum sodium level of ≥146 mEq/L was observed in 12 patients (2.7%).ConclusionsIn the real‐world clinical setting, tolvaptan showed aquaretic effectiveness in patients with cirrhosis. The mean change in body weight depended on renal function. We recommend tolvaptan use for hepatic cirrhosis at a stage in which the renal function is maintained.
From Regulation to Enforcement in the EU Policy Cycle: A New Type of Functional Spillover?
Authors: Scholten Miroslava , Scholten Daniel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe European Union has acquired enforcement competences in areas where it previously only had regulatory authority. This expansion of competences from one step in the policy cycle to another is a blind spot in the works on functional spillover. While the increasing enforcement powers of the EU are mentioned, it is in the context of more competences, not what type. This paper investigates the nature of this ‘policy cycle type of functional spillover’, argues that this is a new type of functional spillover and discusses the significance of this finding. The paper offers original data concerning the expansion of EU's competences in direct enforcement.
Optimization of ultrasound assisted extraction of of goji berry (Lycium barbarum) fruits and evaluation of extracts' bioactivity
Authors: Skenderidis Prodromos , Petrotos Kostantinos , Giavasis Ioannis , Hadjichristodoulou Christos , Tsakalof Andreas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPopularity of goji berry fruit extracts as functional ingredients is growing rapidly. “Green” aqueous extraction technologies are preferable to organic solvent‐based processes as they improve the bioactivity and added value of these extracts. This work aimed at optimizing the ultrasound assisted aqueous extraction (UAE) of Lycium barbarum for both locally produced and imported fruits and comparing the bioactivity in relation to extraction conditions and origin of fruits, using a response surface model. The optimal solvent/extracted material ratio, extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, and extraction time were determined to achieve the following optimal quality/bioactivity indices: total solids, carbohydrates, phenolics, and antioxidant capacity based on IC‐50 values of the DPPH method. Fruits of different origin had mostly similar optimal extraction conditions and antioxidant capacity but differed significantly in carbohydrate content, which was higher for locally produced fruits (1.1
g/L extract) compared to imported ones (0.89
g/L extract).Practical applicationsIn this study, the UAE process for goji berry extracts was successfully optimized using response surface methodology, and the most preferable conditions for optimal extraction performance and optimal bioactivity were determined. With regard to extraction yield, the optimal water/raw material ratio (33.9%), extraction temperature (32.02°C), ultrasonic power (30.95 w/cm2), and extraction time (32.03 min) were determined. Under optimal extraction conditions, locally produced fruits had no significant difference in extraction yield, and antioxidant capacity (IC50 values) compared to imported ones. However, locally produced fruits had significantly higher carbohydrate content and somewhat lower polyphenol content under optimal UAE conditions, showing that fruit origin may affect the composition of fruit extracts. These findings are a useful tool for producers of goji berry extracts to achieve an effective and economically viable extraction process as well as optimal composition and bioactivity in terms of antioxidant capacity, which are indeed important traits of these fruit extracts.
Assessing impacts of pulsed electric fields on quality attributes and furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural formations in apple juice
Authors: Akdemir Evrendilek Gulsun , Celik Perihan , Agcam Erdal , Akyildiz Asiye 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEffects of pulsed electric fields (PEF) processing on physical properties, bioactive compounds, and formations of furfural and hydroxylmethylfurfural (HMF) were determined for apple juice. A central composite design to determine the optimal number and order of experimental runs and the best‐fit multiple nonlinear regression (BF‐MNLR) models to quantify and predict rates of change in the response variables as a function of the PEF processing were used. No significant difference was detected between the control and PEF‐treated apple juice in terms of physical properties, organic acids, and polyphenols of (−)‐epicatechin, caffeic acid, p‐coumaric acid, ferrulic acid, quercetin, and gallic acid. The highest predictive power (
) belonged to a* (88%), (+)‐catechin (90.7%), and HMF (93.8%). Except for chlorogenic acid, no significant decrease was detected in the initial concentrations of the bioactive compounds. PEF processing provided retention of quality attributes and bioactive compounds without significant formation of furfural and HMF.Practical applicationsHeat processing causes degradation of bioactive compounds, changes in physical properties, and formation of undesirable compounds in apple juice; however, PEF processing provided the preservation of most bioactive compounds without significant changes in physical properties. Thus, findings in this study revealed that PEF processing is a viable option for fruit juice industry, especially, for apple juice pasteurization.
Reverse Mortgage Loans: A Quantitative Analysis
Authors: NAKAJIMA MAKOTO , TELYUKOVA IRINA A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTReverse mortgage loans (RMLs) allow older homeowners to borrow against housing wealth without moving. Despite rapid growth in this market, only 1.9% of eligible homeowners had RMLs in 2013. In this paper, we analyze reverse mortgages in a calibrated life‐cycle model of retirement. The average welfare gain from RMLs is $252 per homeowner, and $1,770 per RML borrower. Bequest motives, uncertainty about health and expenses, and loan costs account for low demand. According to the model, the Great Recession's impact differs across age, income, and wealth distributions, with a threefold increase in RML demand for lowest income and oldest households.
RE‐AIM Analysis of a School‐Based Nutrition Education Intervention in Kindergarteners
Authors: Larsen Andrew L. , Liao Yue , Alberts Janel , Huh Jimi , Robertson Trina , Dunton Genevieve F. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDFew nutrition interventions in kindergarten classes have been evaluated, and none has been tested for program effectiveness, implementation, and dissemination. Building a Healthy Me (BHM) is a nutrition intervention for kindergarteners that is classroom‐based and includes a family component. This study evaluated the public health impact of BHM in California kindergarten classrooms using the RE‐AIM (reach, efficacy, adoption, implementation, and maintenance) framework.METHODSA quasi‐experimental design assessed pre‐to‐post changes in nutrition knowledge, dietary consumption, and parent behaviors of 25 intervention classrooms (414 students, 264 parents); and postintervention differences in nutrition knowledge between the intervention classrooms and 4 control classrooms measured at postintervention only (103 students).RESULTSIntervention students improved in knowledge of food groups and healthy breakfast/snack options, and scored higher than control students in food group knowledge at postintervention (ps < .05). Parents of intervention group children increased their use of food labels, and intervention group children increased intake of several healthy foods and decreased intake of candy and fried potatoes (ps < .05). The BHM program reached 41% of kindergarteners attending public schools in California, and teachers implemented most lesson material.CONCLUSIONSThe BHM program was effective, implemented with fidelity, and broadly disseminated, highlighting its potential public health impact for kindergarteners.
A Comment on Dehez and Tellone, “Data games: sharing public goods with exclusion”
Authors: Khmelnitskaya Anna , Driessen Theo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis comment shows that the data cost game introduced in Dehez and Tellone (Journal of Public Economic Theory, 2013) coincides with the nonadditive component of the library cost game studied in Driessen, Khmelnitskaya, and Sales (TOP, 2012) where the core, nucleolus, and Shapley value were also investigated.
Cost‐effectiveness of elbasvir/grazoprevir use in treatment‐naive and treatment‐experienced patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 1 infection and chronic kidney disease in the United States
Authors: Elbasha E. , Greaves W. , Roth D. , Nwankwo C. 
Published: December 2016

SummaryAmong patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the United States, HCV infection causes significant morbidity and mortality and results in substantial healthcare costs. A once‐daily oral regimen of elbasvir/grazoprevir (EBR/GZR) for 12 weeks was found to be a safe and efficacious treatment for HCV in patients with CKD. We evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of EBR/GZR in treatment‐naïve and treatment‐experienced CKD patients compared with no treatment (NoTx) and pegylated interferon plus ribavirin (peg‐IFN/RBV) using a computer‐based model of the natural history of chronic HCV genotype 1 infection, CKD and liver disease. Data on baseline characteristics of the simulated patients were obtained from NHANES, 2000–2010. Model inputs were estimated from published studies. Cost of treatment with EBR/GZR and peg‐INF/RBV were based on wholesale acquisition cost. All costs were from a third‐party payer perspective and were expressed in 2015 U.S. dollars. We estimated lifetime incidence of liver‐related complications, liver transplantation, kidney transplantation, end‐stage live disease mortality and end‐stage renal disease mortality; lifetime quality‐adjusted life years (QALY); and incremental cost‐utility ratios (ICUR). The model predicted that EBR/GZR will significantly reduce the incidence of liver‐related complications and prolong life in patients with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection and CKD compared with NoTx or use of peg‐IFN/RBV. EBR/GZR‐based regimens resulted in higher average remaining QALYs and higher costs (11.5716, $191 242) compared with NoTx (8.9199, $156 236) or peg‐INF/RBV (10.2857, $186 701). Peg‐IFN/RBV is not cost‐effective, and the ICUR of EBR/GZR compared with NoTx was $13 200/QALY. Treatment of a patient on haemodialysis with EBR/GZR resulted in a higher ICUR ($217 000/QALY). Assuming a threshold of $100 000 per QALY gained for cost‐effectiveness, use of elbasvir/grazoprevir to treat an average patient with CKD can be considered cost‐effective in the United States.
Behavioural responses of Ixodes ricinus nymphs to carbon dioxide and rodent odour
Authors: VAN DUIJVENDIJK G. , GORT G. , SPRONG H. , TAKKEN W. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMany haematophagous ectoparasites use carbon dioxide (CO2) and host odour to detect and locate their hosts. The tick Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) walks only small distances and quests in vegetation until it encounters a host. The differential effects of CO2 and host odour on the host‐finding behaviour of I. ricinus have, however, never been clarified and hence represent the subject of this study. The effects of CO2 and odour from bank voles on the activation and attraction of I. ricinus nymphs were analysed in a Y‐tube olfactometer. Carbon dioxide evoked a response in the absence and presence of host odour, but did not attract nymphs. Host odour, however, did not evoke a response but did attract nymphs in the absence and presence of CO2. The current results show that CO2 is an activator, but not an attractant, and that host odour is an attractant, but not an activator, of I. ricinus nymphs, and provide ecological insights into the host‐finding behaviour of I. ricinus.
Substantivism about truth
Authors: Sher Gila 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSubstantivism is a general philosophical methodology advocating a substantive approach to philosophical theorizing. In this article, I present an overview of this methodology with a special emphasis on the field of truth. I begin with a framework for understanding what is at stake in the substantivist–deflationist debate and describe the substantivist critique of deflationism. I then proceed to discuss contemporary substantivism as a positive methodology, present examples of recent substantivist theories of truth, delineate several principles of philosophical substantivism, and connect it to contemporary thought about the nature and methods of philosophy. Due to limitations of space, I am unable to discuss all the forms contemporary substantivism has taken. But I try to give a clear sense of the central principles, challenges, and promise of this methodology.
Race, poverty, and markets: urban inequality after the neoliberal turn
Authors: Robinson John N. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractClassic scholarship on the problem of urban inequality tends to highlight the absence of “the market” and the correspondingly problematic and inadequate role of the state in poor communities. This article explores how the relationship between markets and urban poverty has shifted in recent decades. Scholars have become increasingly attentive to the growing influence of market logics and privatization—core features of “neoliberal” change—in areas such as housing, education, federal policy, local politics, employment, and social services. I discuss how this recent work adds to our understanding of how markets shape urban disadvantage. I also argue that—given the rising influence of market logics in city governance—urban scholarship stands to benefit from a deeper engagement with insights from the field of economic sociology. Building bridges between the two subfields, I argue, will help to specify what markets mean in the lives of the urban poor, and also can bring issues of race and poverty to the attention of economic sociologists.
Evaluation of clinical coding data to determine causes of critical bleeding in patients receiving massive transfusion: a bi‐national, multicentre, cross‐sectional study
Authors: McQuilten Z. K. , Zatta A. J. , Andrianopoulos N. , Aoki N. , Stevenson L. , Badami K. G. , Bird R. , Cole‐Sinclair M. F. , Hurn C. , Cameron P. A. , Isbister J. P. , Phillips L. E. , Wood E. M. ,   On the behalf of the Australian New Zealand Massive Transfusion Registry Steering Committee
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYObjectivesTo evaluate the use of routinely collected data to determine the cause(s) of critical bleeding in patients who receive massive transfusion (MT).BackgroundRoutinely collected data are increasingly being used to describe and evaluate transfusion practice.Materials/methodsChart reviews were undertaken on 10 randomly selected MT patients at 48 hospitals across Australia and New Zealand to determine the cause(s) of critical bleeding. Diagnosis‐related group (DRG) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes were extracted separately and used to assign each patient a cause of critical bleeding. These were compared against chart review using percentage agreement and kappa statistics.ResultsA total of 427 MT patients were included with complete ICD and DRG data for 427 (100%) and 396 (93%), respectively. Good overall agreement was found between chart review and ICD codes (78·3%; κ = 0·74, 95% CI 0·70–0·79) and only fair overall agreement with DRG (51%; κ = 0·45, 95% CI 0·40–0·50). Both ICD and DRG were sensitive and accurate for classifying obstetric haemorrhage patients (98% sensitivity and κ > 0·94). However, compared with the ICD algorithm, DRGs were less sensitive and accurate in classifying bleeding as a result of gastrointestinal haemorrhage (74% vs 8%; κ = 0·75 vs 0·1), trauma (92% vs 62%; κ = 0·78 vs 0·67), cardiac (80% vs 57%; κ = 0·79 vs 0·60) and vascular surgery (64% vs 56%; κ = 0·69 vs 0·65).ConclusionAlgorithms using ICD codes can determine the cause of critical bleeding in patients requiring MT with good to excellent agreement with clinical history. DRG are less suitable to determine critical bleeding causes.
Is the spleen stiffness value acquired using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology predictive of the presence of esophageal varices in patients with cirrhosis of various etiologies?
Authors: Park Jaehyung , Kwon Heejin , Cho Jinhan , Oh Jongyoung , Lee Sangyun , Han Sangyeong , Lee Sung Wook , Baek Yanghyun 
Published: December 2016

Aim: This study’s aimwas to determine the accuracy of the spleen stiffness value acquired using acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) technology, to predict the presence of esophageal varices (EVs) in patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiologies.Material and methods: Of the 366 enrolled patients, 192 had hepatitis B virus, 74 had hepatitis C virus, and 100 had alcohol-related cirrhosis. All patients underwent biochemical tests, gastrointestinal endoscopy, and liver and spleen elastography by ARFI. We evaluated the correlation between the presence of EVs and factors including liver and spleen stiffness measured by ARFI, biochemical tests, and other noninvasive measurements, such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), platelet count (PLT), spleen diameter (SD), PLT to SD ratio, AST to ALT ratio (AAR) score, the AST to PLT ratio index (APRI) score. Result: A univariate analysis revealed that the AAR score, APRI score, PLT, PLT/SD ratio, and spleen elastography variables were all independently associated with EVs (p<0.05). On multivariate analysis, only spleen elastography was associated with EVs (p=0.001). However, in cases of alcohol-induced liver cirrhosis, spleen stiffness was not reliable for the prediction of EVs.Conclusion: Spleen elastography measured using ARFI may serve as a non-invasive method for determining the presence of EVs. However, it is not an appropriate predictor for EVs in alcoholic cirrhosis.
Activity Profiles in International Women’s Team Handball Using PlayerLoad
Authors: Wik Eirik H. , Luteberget Live S. , Spencer Matt 
Published: December 2016

Team handball matches place diverse physical demands on players, which may result in fatigue and decreased activity levels. However, previous speed-based methods of quantifying player activity may not be sensitive for capturing short-lasting team-handball-specific movements.Purpose:To examine activity profiles of a women’s team handball team and individual player profiles, using inertial measurement units.Methods:Match data were obtained from 1 women’s national team in 9 international matches (N = 85 individual player samples), using the Catapult OptimEye S5. PlayerLoad/min was used as a measure of intensity in 5- and 10-min periods. Team profiles were presented as relative to the player’s match means, and individual profiles were presented as relative to the mean of the 5-min periods with >60% field time.Results:A high initial intensity was observed for team profiles and for players with ≥2 consecutive periods of play. Substantial declines in PlayerLoad/min were observed throughout matches for the team and for players with several consecutive periods of field time. These trends were found for all positional categories. Intensity increased substantially in the final 5 min of the first half for team profiles. Activity levels were substantially lower in the 5 min after a player’s most intense period and were partly restored in the subsequent 5-min period.Discussion:Possible explanations for the observed declines in activity profiles for the team and individual players include fatigue, situational factors, and pacing. However, underlying mechanisms were not accounted for, and these assumptions are therefore based on previous team-sport studies.