bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enigmatic Diphyllatea eukaryotes: Culturing and targeted PacBio RS amplicon sequencing reveals a higher order taxonomic diversity and global distribution
Authors: Orr Russell J.S. , Sen Zhao , Dag Klaveness , Akinori Yabuki , Keiji Ikeda , Watanabe Makoto M. , Kamran Shalchian-Tabrizi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDiphyllatea is an ancient and enigmatic lineage of unicellular eukaryotes that possesses morphological features common to other deeply diverging eukaryotes, such as Amoebozoa and Excavata. In reconstruction of the evolutionary processes underlying diversification and morphological innovation among eukaryotes, Diphyllatea plays a key role together with other orphan lineages. Despite being of evolutionary significance, only three species of Diphyllatea have descripted morphology, with molecular data available from fewer. The lack of data means that the actual diversity of this key lineage of eukaryotes remains unresolved. We here present a first attempt to understand the species diversity and higher order structure of the Diphyllatea phylogeny. We have cultured several new strains, described these morphologically, and amplified their rRNA. We have sampled DNA from multiple globally distributed sites, using these as templates in a Diphyllatea-specific PCR. In contrast to recent diversity studies, which use short variable gene regions, we amplify nearly the whole 18S rRNA gene, and sequence using PacBio RS II technology, to provide enough information to resolve historically ancient speciation events. Phylogenetic inference of Diphyllatea rRNA reveals three deeply branching and distinct clades of Diphyllatea, here named Diphy I – III. Diphy I and II include the generaDiphylleiaandCollodictyon. Notably, Diphy III is here shown as novel phylogenetic clade with all strains investigated having a congruent morphology toCollodictyon triciliatum(Diphy II). Altogether, Diphyllatea seems to constitute two morphotypes, a biflagellate (i.e. Diphy I) and a quadraflagellate (i.e. Diphy II and III) form, congruent with earlier descriptions ofDiphylleia and Collodictyon.Further, our targeted environmental sequencing approach, which includes specific PCR primers, reveals a wider global distribution of Diphyllatea than earlier known. Altogether, the described protocol shows the usefulness of combining long amplicon high-throughput sequencing and lineage-specific PCR approach in surveys of enigmatic eukaryote lineages.
How to develop brand attachment in various product categories?
Authors: Shabani Nashtaee Mitra , Heidarzadeh Hanzaei Kambiz , Mansourian Yazdan 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the best interactions between sales promotion and advertisement plans as the resources of the brand attachment and its consequences in durable and fast-moving consumer goods.Design/methodology/approachThe mixed methods research in the form of qualitative approach, using a phenomenological method and quantitative approach, using three experimental studies of factorial design types and a structural equation modeling method, have been used in this research.FindingsThe fit of plans to achieve the brand attachment is similar in both product categories. The financial gift, with the ability of liquidity and variety of shopping, fits with the advertisement messages at a high construal level and high argument strength. However, the financial gift, with the ability of purchase from particular stores, fits with the advertisement messages at the low construal level and high argument strength. Moreover, in both product categories, the brand attachment leads to the emotional and cognitive consequences.Originality/valueThis research provides experimental support with actual experiences to create a fit in marketing communication plans in order to achieve a lasting and strong relationship. Therefore, this paper offers a valuable insight relating to financial gifts and advertisement messages and their effects on consumers’ behavior. It can also be used by other managers and researchers to assess their communication options.
Evaluation of impediments to the competitiveness of the rail sector in Australia
Authors: Ghaderi Hadi , Cahoon Stephen , Nguyen Hong-Oanh 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to empirically evaluate the key impediments to the competitiveness of the rail sector in Australia; and second, to provide relevant transport management and policy recommendations for enhanced competitiveness.Design/methodology/approachThis paper has adopted an empirical approach. A survey was developed and distributed among rail stakeholders in Australia. Accordingly, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to evaluate the key impeding areas.FindingsThis paper found four areas that are impeding rail development, these being infrastructure management, shortage of freight data and poor information sharing, service delivery and organisational and commercial interactions.Research limitations/implicationsThe theoretical approach of this thesis can be applied to any freight market where competition exists between different transport modes. However, the specific strategies provided in this research in terms of transportation management, infrastructure planning and policy were made according to the specific market condition, infrastructure quality and regulation that exist in Australia.Practical implicationsThe findings provide important implications for both industry and government in terms of making transport planning and policy decisions, but also useful insights by identifying the weak parts of the rail sector and directions to target them.Originality/valueThe notion of the rail stakeholder does not appear to have been previously defined in the literature. Therefore, this research takes a broader view of rail stakeholders to include various interest groups within the rail sector and its operational environment.
Current context of transport sector in South Asia
Authors: Liyanage Champika , Dias Nuwan , Amaratunga Dilanthi , Haigh Richard 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Given the current focus on sustainable development, there is a need to identify the current status of the transport sector in developing countries and the obstacles to the development of a sustainable transport system. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to provide a critical review on what needs to be done in such countries towards a sustainable transportation system. The focus of the paper will be on the South Asian context. In order to achieve the aim, the paper examines the current issues, the policy context and the key actions required in the countries selected in South Asia (i.e. Afghanistan, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives and Nepal).

Design/methodology/approach
The main method used for the project was a combination of semi-structured interviews and focus groups. In addition, a policy analysis was also carried out with a use of secondary data. Altogether, 348 interviews and 16 focus groups (with 157 participants) were carried out in the selected six countries. Although the purpose of the research methods was to carry out a situational analysis of each country mentioned above on seven societal challenges identified under the EU’s Horizon 2020 research programme, this paper only focusses on presenting the findings relating to sustainable transport.

Findings
Findings reveal that South Asian countries need to improve different aspects of their transportation sector, starting from national-level transportation policies. Sustainable transportation is not merely about mobility but also about creating safer, convenient and environmentally friendly transportation systems. Some key actions needed for these include introducing driver and passenger safety regulations, establishing vehicle emissions test centres to reduce CO2 emissions, and introducing public-private partnerships where useful.

Originality/value
This study provides a robust policy direction towards the introduction/improvement of a sustainable transportation system in South Asian countries.
Simulation techniques for cost management and performance in construction projects in Malaysia
Authors: Alashwal Ali Mohammed , Chew Min Yi 
Published: October 2017

PurposeSimulation techniques for cost management are useful for modeling uncertainties, making decisions, and improving the accuracy of cost estimation. Despite their usefulness, the application of these techniques in construction projects seems to be uncommon in the construction sector in Malaysia. The purpose of this paper is to determine the application of simulation techniques for cost estimation and control and to assess their influence on project cost performance.Design/methodology/approachA survey questionnaire was used to collect data from 83 government agencies, consultant firms, and contractor firms in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.FindingsThe findings revealed that knowledge of respondents and usage of cost simulation techniques in the Malaysian construction industry is low. In addition, main barriers of implementing cost simulation techniques are identified. Cost performance of construction projects in Malaysia is satisfactory; however, there is no association between this performance and the application of simulation techniques.Originality/valueThis paper contributes to construction management field by highlighting the main simulation techniques for cost management and drawing the attention of construction professionals and contractors to implement these techniques in construction projects.
Project delivery attributes influencing green building project outcomes
Authors: Ahmad Tayyab , Aibinu Ajibade A. 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
While the general trends in green building (GB) research are known, there is not yet a detailed review of studies on project delivery attributes (PDAs) influencing GB project outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature to understand the contributions of existing research in this area and to identify the challenges, gaps, and lessons for the future research relating GB project delivery.

Design/methodology/approach
For the systematic review, specially developed coding based on Boolean operators is used to search for relevant studies in major databases, i.e. Web of Science and Scopus. The studies from the initial search (443) are subjected to two rounds of scrutiny for shortlisting only relevant publications. Using a qualitative review of the shortlisted studies (20), the research objectives and findings of the studies are synthesized and critically analyzed. The contributions and challenges facing research in this area are identified. Future research directions are proposed.

Findings
Studies in the area have established association between PDAs and various GB project success criteria. In the literature, some PDAs such as project delivery method have been given greater attention than others. Challenges facing PDA research in GB include: the limited number of GB project cases and the complexity of GB project delivery process involving an overwhelmingly large number of variables, thereby limiting scientific rigor and creating some gaps in knowledge. The interaction among PDAs and their cumulative effect on various project performance outcomes/metrics have not been studied, limiting the validity of the existing studies. Scope exists to apply a combination of non-linear, dynamic, probabilistic, explicit, and implicit modeling as well as inductive and deductive approaches to research in this area.

Research limitations/implications
Existing research findings have limited application in practice. Non-linear, dynamic, probabilistic, deductive, and inductive research techniques and approaches can substantially advance knowledge and lead to plausible findings that can be applied in practice.

Originality/value
Considering the critical role of PDAs in the successful delivery of GBs, the review provides clear directions for future research.
Cultural change and lodestones in the British police
Authors: Grint Keith , Holt Clare , Neyroud Peter 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to consider a challenge to an occupational jurisdiction in the British police. Historically, street cops have defended the importance of operational credibility as a way of sustaining the value of experience, and inhibiting attempts to introduce external leaders. This has generated a particular form of policing and leadership that is deemed by the British Government as inadequate to face the problems of the next decade.

Design/methodology/approach
The project used the High Potential Development Scheme of the British police to assess the value of operational credibility and the possibilities of radical cultural change. Data are drawn from participants on the program, from those who failed to get onto the program, and from officers who have risen through the ranks without access to a fast-track scheme.

Findings
Most organizational changes fail in their own terms, often because of cultural resistance. However, if we change our metaphors of culture from natural to human constructions it may be possible to focus on the key point of the culture: the lodestone that glues it together. Operational credibility may be such a cultural lodestone and undermining it offers the opportunity for rapid and radical change.

Research limitations/implications
The scheme itself has had limited numbers and the research was limited to a small proportion of the different categories outlined above.

Practical implications
If we change our metaphors for culture and cultural change – from natural to constructed metaphors – (icebergs and webs to buildings), it may be possible to consider a much more radical approach to organizational change.

Originality/value
Most assessments of cultural change focus on those charged with enacting the change and explain failure through recourse to natural metaphors of change. This paper challenges the convention that cultural change can only ever be achieved, if at all, through years of effort.
Valuing different shades of blue
Authors: McLeod Abby , Herrington Victoria 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine Australian efforts to promote gender equality in policing, suggesting that future police leaders will be confronted with the challenge of ensuring that their organisations are not only demographically diverse, but more importantly, that they are inclusive.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper utilises current Australian efforts to promote gender equality (case study), as a means of examining the way in which the conceptual distinction between diversity and inclusion plays out in practice.

Findings
The paper finds that current efforts to promote gender equality are being used as a proxy for diversity more broadly and are overly focussed upon demographic diversity. Less attention is being paid to the development of inclusive work environments, which will present a challenge to future leaders who are required to manage more heterogenous workforces.

Research limitations/implications
Research into the efficacy of existing strategies, which will further theoretical debate, is proposed, with a call for research by those from a wider range of disciplines, in addition to psychology and management studies, being made.

Practical implications
It is recommended that policing organisations utilise language focussed upon inclusion rather than diversity and foster cultures of learning, beginning at the academy.

Originality/value
The paper contributes to the global debate on workforce diversity by drawing on a Southern Hemisphere perspective on contemporary efforts in policing. This complements extant studies on diversity which emanate primarily from the UK and USA, and provides an important reflection for police organisations across the world as they proceed with good intentions around creating much needed cultures of difference in thinking and operating.
Serving from the top: police leadership for the twenty-first century
Authors: Martin Helen Clare , Rogers Colin , Samuel Anthony John , Rowling Martyn 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The police service in England and Wales faces unprecedented challenges as it moves further into the twenty-first century. Globalisation, increases and changes in types of crime, including cybercrime alongside perennial terrorist threats, coupled with budgetary constraints, mean that the way the police service has traditionally operated needs to change. In part, the police service sees the drive for professionalisation as assisting in providing an efficient and effective answer to the challenges ahead. Previous approaches to leadership styles, based upon hierarchy and rank, may not be the best approach for leaders in such a dynamic and professional organisation. The purpose of this paper is to argue for a debate and a rethink regarding the leadership styles employed by the police in their current role in the context of the influx of new graduate officers.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper presents a discursive argument based upon servant leadership (SL) models that aspire to address the multi-faceted challenges faced by the police service.

Findings
Leaders in the police service may well consider SL for its ability to release the potential and manage the aspirations of graduate officers. SL is also recognised for its potential in helping the police to better engage with important societal changes that will impact on its organisation and its structure in the future.

Social implications
Previous approaches to leadership styles, based upon hierarchy and rank, may not be the best approach for leaders in such a dynamic and professional organisation. This is discussed in relation to a suggested style of leadership.

Originality/value
This paper considers the problems faced in leading a professionalised police service and the suitability of a novel approach to leadership, that of the “Servant Leader”.
Shifting the blame: towards a self-reforming police service in England and Wales
Authors: Metcalfe Tim 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe police service has been encouraged to become a “self-reforming sector”, yet there is an acknowledgement of a “blame culture” within the policing. The purpose of this paper is to explore the barriers to “self-reform”, as identified by chief officers, and propose a series of strategies to help inform the future of police leadership.Design/methodology/approachThe research is primarily underpinned by a series of semi-structured interviews with chief constables and a series of four workshops.FindingsThe paper argues that contemporary police cultures, and approaches to failure, are not conducive to the realisation of a “self-reforming” sector. It is proposed that strategic future leaders should consider establishing a common process for organisational learning whilst simultaneously encouraging cultural change that de-stigmatises failure and supports the development of adaptive and networked learning organisations.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited by exclusively drawing on the perspective of chief officers and does not engage a representative cross section of the police service. The absence of detailed analysis of Her Majesty’s Inspectorate of Constabulary findings to complement the review of IPCC recommendations is a limitation that weakens subsequent conclusions. Finally, this research would benefit considerations of potential structural and organisational changes that would support the realisation of a “self-reforming sector”.Practical implicationsThis research supports work by the National Police Chiefs’ Council to deliver police reform.Originality/valueThe paper is informed by new and original qualitative research explicitly focused on the perspective of senior police leaders.
Resilient leadership
Authors: Farrar Jeff John 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the challenges faced in leading a UK police force through a period of complex and competing political, financial, cultural, structural and operational constraints. It explores the personal skills, qualities and capabilities leaders need to respond to such challenges, both now and in the future and argues that the greatest test for police leaders in the next decade will be personal and organisational resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
It is a personal account of the resilience required in a challenging and senior police leadership role and is underpinned with relevant literature in the field of resilient leadership.

Findings
It identifies that whilst resources are diminishing, demand is increasing, public expectation continues to grow and police leaders are now openly criticised in a way that they would never have encountered in the past, understanding this in itself is not enough. What is needed is a tailored plan for both individual police leaders and organisations if they are going to survive. It argues that failure to do so will result in increasingly diminishing health and well-being and a drain of talent at all levels of the police service.

Originality/value
The paper provides a unique insight into leadership in a complex period in Policing in the UK.
Zimbabwe Republic Police Women Network: leadership and adaptability
Authors: Chirambwi Kudakwashe 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to draw lessons from the important contributions of appreciative inquiry leadership in shaping the future people aspects to police leadership. A practice model of the Zimbabwe Republic Police Women Network (ZRP WN) illuminates how the future of policing in a context of mutually reinforcing confluence of increasing rate of crime, state decay, and economic decline is contingent upon shifting from the current preoccupation of “what works” to “what is important.”

Design/methodology/approach
Guided by the organising principles of the 4-D cycle involving discovery, dream, design and destiny/delivery, the appreciative inquiry leadership model illuminates a sustainable future-oriented policing.

Findings
The case study of ZRP WN reveals the resilience and adaptability of female police officers to policing challenges as they constantly designed people-oriented policing operations and activities.

Practical implications
Of importance is the exponential influence of communis and phronesis in rethinking and redesigning police roles in decades to come.

Originality/value
The ZRP WN, through its shared vision of values, gives us a leaf on how to respond to the ever-changing values of justice and police leadership altering contexts.