bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Structure Tailoring of Organic Spacers for High-Performance Ruddlesden–Popper Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Pengyun , Li Xuejin , Cai Tonghui , Xing Wei , Yang Naitao , Arandiyan Hamidreza , Shao Zongping , Wang Shaobin , Liu Shaomin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLayer-structured Ruddlesden–Popper (RP) perovskites (RPPs) with decent stability have captured the imagination of the photovoltaic research community and bring hope for boosting the development of perovskite solar cell (PSC) technology. However, two-dimensional (2D) or quasi-2D RP PSCs are encountered with some challenges of the large exciton binding energy, blocked charge transport and poor film quality, which restrict their photovoltaic performance. Fortunately, these issues can be readily resolved by rationally designing spacer cations of RPPs. This review mainly focuses on how to design the molecular structures of organic spacers and aims to endow RPPs with outstanding photovoltaic applications. We firstly elucidated the important roles of organic spacers in impacting crystallization kinetics, charge transporting ability and stability of RPPs. Then we brought three aspects to attention for designing organic spacers. Finally, we presented the specific molecular structure design strategies for organic spacers of RPPs aiming to improve photovoltaic performance of RP PSCs. These proposed strategies in this review will provide new avenues to develop novel organic spacers for RPPs and advance the development of RPP photovoltaic technology for future applications.
Evaluation of antibiotic prescribing patterns for surgical prophylaxis before and after an educational campaign about penicillin allergies: a single-center, retrospective study
Authors: Backus Megan , Romanos Marianne , Wasielewski Anthony , Paz Natalie , Gauthier Timothy P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After an educational campaign about reasonable use of cefazolin for surgical prophylaxis, optimal preoperative antibiotic regimen utilization increased from 52% to 67% (P = 0.011). Education to physicians on penicillin allergies may contribute to meaningful increases in use of optimal antibiotics while reducing readmissions and acute care length of stay.
Rapid molecular testing is associated with decreased broad-spectrum antibiotic use among patients with streptococcal bloodstream infections
Authors: Tate Tyler , Viehman J. Alex , Shields Ryan K. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We investigated the impact of rapid diagnostic testing with real-time stewardship intervention on patients with Streptococcal bacteremia. Compared to pre-intervention, patients in the post-intervention group received more rapid antibiotic de-escalation (42 vs 88 h), and were more commonly de-escalated to narrow-spectrum (86% vs 52%) and oral antibiotics (30% vs 14%).
Realizing the potential of social determinants data in EHR systems: A scoping review of approaches for screening, linkage, extraction, analysis, and interventions
Authors: Li Chenyu , Mowery Danielle L. , Ma Xiaomeng , Yang Rui , Vurgun Ugurcan , Hwang Sy , Donnelly Hayoung K. , Bandhey Harsh , Senathirajah Yalini , Visweswaran Shyam , Sadhu Eugene M. , Akhtar Zohaib , Getzen Emily , Freda Philip J. , Long Qi , Becich Michael J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:Social determinants of health (SDoH), such as socioeconomics and neighborhoods, strongly influence health outcomes. However, the current state of standardized SDoH data in electronic health records (EHRs) is lacking, a significant barrier to research and care quality.Methods:We conducted a PubMed search using “SDOH” and “EHR” Medical Subject Headings terms, analyzing included articles across five domains: 1) SDoH screening and assessment approaches, 2) SDoH data collection and documentation, 3) Use of natural language processing (NLP) for extracting SDoH, 4) SDoH data and health outcomes, and 5) SDoH-driven interventions.Results:Of 685 articles identified, 324 underwent full review. Key findings include implementation of tailored screening instruments, census and claims data linkage for contextual SDoH profiles, NLP systems extracting SDoH from notes, associations between SDoH and healthcare utilization and chronic disease control, and integrated care management programs. However, variability across data sources, tools, and outcomes underscores the need for standardization.Discussion:Despite progress in identifying patient social needs, further development of standards, predictive models, and coordinated interventions is critical for SDoH-EHR integration. Additional database searches could strengthen this scoping review. Ultimately, widespread capture, analysis, and translation of multidimensional SDoH data into clinical care is essential for promoting health equity.
Therapeutic patient education for severe mental disorders: A systematic review
Authors: Waqas Ahmed , Correia Jorge Cesar , Ahmad Maaz , Akhtar Tooba Nadeem , Meraj Hafsa , Angelakis Ioannis , Pataky Zoltan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This systematic review aimed to review therapeutic patient education (TPE) programmes in managing psychiatric disorders, considering the diversity in delivering agents, intervention formats, targeted skills, and therapeutic outcomes.

Methods
Comprehensive database searches, including Web of Science, PubMed, and COCHRANE, were conducted from September 2019 to January 2023, yielding 514 unique records, with 33 making it through rigorous evaluation for full-text review. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on various psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder, psychosis, and multiple serious mental illnesses. A total of 38 studies were included from our previous review to supplement the current database search.

Results
TPE programmes exhibited diversity in delivering agents and intervention formats, with a notable presence of multidisciplinary teams and various professionals. The interventions prioritized coping strategies and disease management techniques, though the extent varied based on the disorder. Effectiveness was heterogeneous across studies; some interventions showed significant benefits in areas such as symptom management, coping, and functional improvement, while others reported no significant outcomes.

Conclusion
The findings underscore the potential of TPE in psychiatric care, revealing its multifaceted nature and varied impact. TPE not only addresses deficits but also leverages patients’ existing strengths and capabilities. Despite the reported benefits, a portion of the interventions lacked statistical significance, indicating the necessity for continuous refinement and evaluation.
Risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infection in the pediatric intensive care setting despite standard prevention measures
Authors: Marks Kaitlyn T , Rosengard Katherine D , Franks Jennifer D , Staffa Steven J , Chan Yuen Jenny , Burns Jeffrey P , Priebe Gregory P , Sandora Thomas J 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:Identify risk factors for central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI) in pediatric intensive care settings in an era with high focus on prevention measures.Design:Matched, case–control study.Setting:Quaternary children’s hospital.Patients:Cases had a CLABSI during an intensive care unit (ICU) stay between January 1, 2015 and December 31, 2020. Controls were matched 4:1 by ICU and admission date and did not develop a CLABSI.Methods:Multivariable, mixed-effects logistic regression.Results:129 cases were matched to 516 controls. Central venous catheter (CVC) maintenance bundle compliance was >70%. Independent CLABSI risk factors included administration of continuous non-opioid sedative (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.96, 95% CI [1.16, 7.52], P = 0.023), number of days with one or more CVC in place (aOR 1.42 per 10 days [1.16, 1.74], P = 0.001), and the combination of a chronic CVC with administration of parenteral nutrition (aOR 4.82 [1.38, 16.9], P = 0.014). Variables independently associated with lower odds of CLABSI included CVC location in an upper extremity (aOR 0.16 [0.05, 0.55], P = 0.004); non-tunneled CVC (aOR 0.17 [0.04, 0.63], P = 0.008); presence of an endotracheal tube (aOR 0.21 [0.08, 0.6], P = 0.004), Foley catheter (aOR 0.3 [0.13, 0.68], P = 0.004); transport to radiology (aOR 0.31 [0.1, 0.94], P = 0.039); continuous neuromuscular blockade (aOR 0.29 [0.1, 0.86], P = 0.025); and administration of histamine H2 blocking medications (aOR 0.17 [0.06, 0.48], P = 0.001).Conclusions:Pediatric intensive care patients with chronic CVCs receiving parenteral nutrition, those on non-opioid sedative infusions, and those with more central line days are at increased risk for CLABSI despite current prevention measures.
Factors influencing the use of highly bioavailable oral antibiotic therapy for the treatment of prosthetic joint infections
Authors: Granger Marie-Félixe , Leis Jerome A. , Hempel Amanda , Pincus Daniel , Ravi Bheeshma , Daneman Nick , Lam Philip W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe conducted a retrospective cohort study to identify factors influencing intravenous (IV) versus oral antibiotic therapy in first-episode prosthetic joint infections. Of the 34/78 (44%) cases treated intravenously, negative cultures (26%), concomitant infections necessitating IV antibiotics (21%), and delays in susceptibility testing (15%) were the most common reasons for IV therapy.
Psychological well-being, food insecurity, academic performance and other risk factors in a sample of university students in Jordan during COVID-19
Authors: Mousa Tamara Y. , Dardas Latefa A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This research validated an Arabic version of the Psychological General Well-being Index-Short version (PGWB-S) and examined the relationship between perceived psychological well-being, and food insecurity, academic achievement, and other risk factors in a sample of university students in Amman, Jordan, during COVID-19. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two phases. Phase 1 translated and validated the Arabic copy of the PGWB-S in 122 students from the University of Jordan. In Phase 2, 414 students completed the demographic questionnaire, Arabic versions of the PGWB-S, the Ryff Psychological Well-being Scale, and the Individual Food Insecurity Experience Scale. The participants had a mean PGWB-S score of 15.82 ± 0.34, and 41.3% had a mean score below 15. Psychological well-being was better in students younger than 21 and/or who had a GPA ≥3.0, were of normal weight or overweight, physically inactive, and food secure, did not drink coffee or smoke, as well as in those whose neighbourhood contained grocery stores and/or public transportation (P < 0.05). In conclusion, during the pandemic, perceived mental well-being was moderate in a Jordanian sample of university students. Perceived psychological well-being was also positively associated with food security and academic performance. These findings suggest that improving food security and academic achievement may contribute to enhanced psychological well-being among university students. Therefore, higher education institutions with the help of the government are encouraged to facilitate the provision of mental health care services to students, mainly post the coronavirus, which according to our knowledge is limited.
Laboratory formation of micro-penitentes at temperatures and pressures relevant to Earth and other worlds
Authors: Berisford Daniel Floyd , Foster Jeffrey Tyler , Kosberg Jacob , Furst Benjamin , Poston Michael Joseph , Daimaru Takuro , Lang Maggie , Backman Lavina , Hand Kevin Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We conducted a series of experiments that revealed the formation of mm-scale penitente structures in ice illuminated by broadband light under moderate vacuum conditions between 50 and 2000 Pa. The experimental apparatus consists of a 0.3 m diameter cylindrical vacuum chamber with a cooling jacket surrounding the outer radius and bottom surface. Light shines in through an optical window at the top to illuminate most of the ice surface. We observe penitente-like structures at temperatures between −15

$^\circ$

C and

$-2^\circ$

C and pressures close to the equilibrium vapor pressure at the ice surface temperature. The formation of these structures is very sensitive to slight changes in background pressure, and the structures tend to vanish with significant deviations away from the equilibrium curve, resulting in a smooth sublimated crater formation instead of penitentes. Application of the physical model by Claudin and others (2015, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevE.92.033015) at experimental conditions generally agrees with observations for penitente spacing.
The Armenian of hikmet-i cedide: philosophy in the late Ottoman Empire
Authors: Karademir Aret 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This essay challenges the ethnocentrism of the dominant literature on hikmet-i cedide, or the new philosophy, in the late Ottoman Empire. Hikmet-i cedide was “new” in the sense that it did not confine itself to theological discussions and interpretations of holy books. Instead, it found its source of inspiration in the principles of modern Western philosophy, and especially the philosophy of the Enlightenment and Auguste Comte’s positivism. The dominant literature reduces this hikmet-i cedide to the philosophical writings of Muslim/Turkish intellectuals. Problematizing such ethnocentrism, this essay gives an account of hikmet-i cedide from the perspective of Ottoman–Armenians’ early engagement with positivism and the political philosophy of the Enlightenment. It argues that Armenians’ philosophical discourses in the second half of the nineteenth century were characterized by a belief that the principles of the new philosophy were the sine qua non for national survival in the multi-ethnic and multi-religious context of the Empire. They were also characterized by a commitment to reconciling modern Western philosophy with religious attachments. However, this characterization should not be thought to be confined to so-called “Armenian philosophy” but may be generalized to broader late Ottoman thought.
Access denied: how bureaucrats shape politicians’ incentives to choose restrictive asylum policies
Authors: Marbach Moritz , Horz Carlo M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent years have seen a surge of politicians campaigning on policies that aim to deter asylum applicants. We present a game-theoretic model in which foreign nationals consider applying for asylum and bureaucrats decide their case if they apply. We show that while policies that make the asylum application less attractive decrease the probability that foreign nationals apply, they also endogenously raise the credibility of applicants’ claims to political persecution and, therefore, may not decrease the number of admitted refugees. Investigating how these competing effects shape asylum policy-making, we show how policy choices depend on bureaucrats’ leniency and politicians’ objectives. Our analysis speaks to the causes of restrictive asylum policies and their limited effectiveness in reducing immigration.
ON A CONJECTURE REGARDING THE SYMMETRIC DIFFERENCE OF CERTAIN SETS
Authors: KE W.-F. , MEYER J. H. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Let n be a positive integer and

$\underline {n}=\{1,2,\ldots ,n\}$

. A conjecture arising from certain polynomial near-ring codes states that if

$k\geq 1$

and

$a_{1},a_{2},\ldots ,a_{k}$

are distinct positive integers, then the symmetric difference

$a_{1}\underline {n}\mathbin {\Delta }a_{2}\underline {n}\mathbin {\Delta }\cdots \mathbin {\Delta }a_{k}\underline {n}$

contains at least n elements. Here,

$a_{i}\underline {n}=\{a_{i},2a_{i},\ldots ,na_{i}\}$

for each i. We prove this conjecture for arbitrary n and for

$k=1,2,3$

.
Travelling wavefronts for the Belousov–Zhabotinsky system with non-local delayed interaction
Authors: Yue Yuanxi , Ou Chunhua 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article offers an advanced and novel investigation into the intricate propagation dynamics of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky system with non-local delayed interaction, which exhibits dynamical transition structure from bistable to monostable. We first solved the enduring open problem concerning the existence, uniqueness and the speed sign of the bistable travelling waves. In the monostable case, we developed and derived new results for the minimal wave speed selection, which, as an application, further improved the existing investigations on pushed and pulled wavefronts. Our results can provide new estimate to the minimal speed as well as to the determinacy of the transition parameters. Moreover, these results can be directly applied to standard localised models and delayed reaction diffusion models by choosing appropriate kernel functions.
Efficiency trumps aptitude: Individualizing computer-assisted second language vocabulary learning
Authors: Suzuki Yuichi , Nakata Tatsuya , He Xuehong (Stella) 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe aim of this study was to contribute to the field of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) by investigating the individualization of intentional vocabulary learning. A total of 118 Japanese-speaking university students studied 20 low-frequency English words using flashcard software over two learning sessions. The participants practiced retrieval of vocabulary under different learning schedules, with short or long time intervals between encounters of the same word in each learning session: Short–Short, Short–Long, Long–Short, and Long–Long. Two individual difference measures – learning efficiency and language aptitude – were examined as predictors of long-term second language (L2) vocabulary retention. Learning efficiency was operationalized as the number of trials needed to reach a learning criterion in each session, whereas a component of aptitude (rote memory ability) was measured by a subtest of Language Aptitude Battery for the Japanese. Multiple regression and dominance analyses were conducted to evaluate the relative importance of learning efficiency and language aptitude in predicting delayed vocabulary posttest scores. The results revealed that learning efficiency in the second learning session was the strongest predictor of vocabulary retention. Language aptitude, however, did not significantly predict vocabulary retention. Moreover, the predictive power of learning efficiency increased when the data were analyzed within each learning schedule, underscoring the need to assess learners’ abilities under specific learning conditions for optimizing their computer-assisted learning performance. These findings not only inform the development of more effective, individualized CALL systems for L2 acquisition but also emphasize the importance of gauging individuals’ abilities such as learning efficiency in a more flexible, context-sensitive manner.
Recurrent acute kidney injury is associated with delayed language development in infants with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Pande Chetna K. , Akcan-Arikan Ayse , Monteiro Sonia , Guffey Danielle , Serrano Faridis , Afonso Natasha , Puri Kriti , Achuff Barbara-Jo , Shekerdemian Lara , Noll Lisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjective:Neurodevelopmental delay is common in children who undergo surgery for Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) in infancy. Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) occurs frequently in the paediatric cardiac Intensive care unit (ICU). Cardiac surgery associated acute kidney injury (CS-AKI) is associated with worse neurodevelopmental scores and delay in cognitive, language, and motor domains in children with CHD. No known data exist regarding the association of CS-AKI and motor and language subscales. In this study, we explored the relationship between CS-AKI and receptive and expressive language, as well as gross and fine motor delay.Methods:This was a single centre retrospective observational cohort study. Children who underwent surgery for CHD and developed recurrent CS-AKI in the first year of life who had follow-up neurodevelopmental testing using the Bayley Scale of Infant Development Version III were included. Neurodevelopmental delay subscales assessed included: receptive and expressive language, fine and motor skills.Results:The study cohort included 203 children. Recurrent CS-AKI was significantly associated with lower scores in receptive and expressive language, as well as fine and gross motor on unadjusted analyses. On adjusted analyses, recurrent CS-AKI was significantly associated with severe receptive language delay.Conclusion:The independent association of recurrent CS-AKI with severe language delay in children who undergo surgery for CHD in infancy is novel. Our findings may contribute to the understanding of language impairment in this population. Further studies are required to better understand this relationship and any potentially modifiable factors.
Safety and feasibility of transcatheter closure of atrial septal defects in small children weighing less than 10 kg
Authors: Puthiyedath Thejaswi , Sagar Pramod , Sivakumar Kothandam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground:When young patients with an oval fossa defect present early with symptoms of heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, surgical treatment is recommended in small bodyweight rather than transcatheter closure.Methods:Outcomes of device closure in consecutive symptomatic children weighing under 10 kg were compared with young children aged below 4 years but weighing above 10 kg. Transthoracic echocardiography under conscious sedation guided the procedure in all without need for balloon sizing, transesophageal echocardiogram, and intubation anaesthesia. Symptoms, anthropometry, shunt ratio, pulmonary pressures, defect and device size, percentage oversizing, device/body weight ratio, complications, and post-procedural growth spurt were compared.Results:Ninety-six patients weighing under 10 kg were compared with 160 patients weighing above 10 kg. In total, 83.3% of patients in the study group and 25% of controls were severely malnourished. The median indexed defect size was 35.2 mm/sq.m and 27.4 mm/sq.m, and the device was oversized by 8.7% and 14.2% in the study group and controls, respectively. The device/body weight ratio was 1.93 in study group and 1.4 in controls. Procedure was successful in all except one patient weighing under 10 kg who had a device embolisation. Both groups showed significant growth spurts and proportion, with severe malnutrition reduced to 42% and 11% in the two groups.Conclusions:Device closure was feasible and safe in patients under 10 kg. Transthoracic echocardiographic imaging on conscious sedation provided adequate guidance. Symptoms and growth significantly improved after intervention. Despite a larger defect size, smaller patients had comparable outcomes. In symptomatic children under 10 kg needing early closure, transcatheter intervention should not be deferred.