bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Carbon Sources in Fruit Carbonate of Buglossoides arvensis and Consequences for 14C Dating
Authors: Zamanian Kazem , Pustovoytov Konstantin , Kuzyakov Yakov 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFruit carbonate of Buglossoides arvensis (syn. Lithospermum arvense) is a valuable dating and paleoenvironmental proxy for late Quaternary deposits and cultural layers because CaCO3 in fruit is assumed to be accumulated from photosynthetic carbon (C). However, considering the uptake of HCO3– by roots from soil solution, the estimated age could be too old depending on the source of HCO3– allocated in fruit carbonate. Until now, no studies have assessed the contributions of photosynthetic and soil C to the fruit carbonate. To evaluate this, the allocation of photo-assimilated carbon and root uptake of HCO3– was examined by radiocarbon (14C) labeling and tracing. B. arvensis was grown in carbonate-free and carbonate-containing soils (sand and loess, respectively), where 14C was provided as (1) 14CO2 in the atmosphere (5 times shoot pulse labeling), or (2) Na214CO3 in soil solution (root-labeling; 5 times by injecting labeled solution into the soil) during one month of fruit development. Distinctly different patterns of 14C distribution in plant organs after root- and shoot labeling showed the ability of B. arvensis to take up HCO3– from soil solution. The highest 14C activity from root labeling was recovered in roots, followed by shoots, fruit organics, and fruit carbonate. In contrast, 14C activity after shoot labeling was the highest in shoots, followed by fruit organics, roots and fruit carbonate. Total photo-assimilated C incorporated via shoot labeling in loess-grown plants was 1.51 mg lower than in sand, reflecting the presence of dissolved carbonate (i.e. CaCO3) in loess. Loess carbonate dissolution and root-respired CO2 in soil solution are both sources of HCO3– for root uptake. Considering this dilution effect by carbonates, the total incorporated HCO3– comprised 0.15% of C in fruit carbonate after 10 hr of shoot labeling. However, if the incorporated HCO3– during 10 hr of shoot labeling is extrapolated for the whole month of fruit development (i.e. 420-hr photoperiod), fruit carbonate in loess-grown plants incorporated approximately 6.3% more HCO3– than in sand. Therefore, fruit carbonates from plants grown on calcareous soils may yield overestimated 14C ages around 500 yr because of a few percentage uptake of HCO3– by roots. However, the age overestimation because of HCO3– uptake becomes insignificant in fruits older than approximately 11,000 yr due to increasing uncertainties in age determination.
Thermotolerance, oxidative stress, apoptosis, heat-shock proteins and damages to reproductive cells of insecticide-susceptible and -resistant strains of the diamondback mothPlutella xylostella
Authors: Zhang L.J. , Chen J.L. , Yang B.L. , Kong X.G. , Bourguet D. , Wu G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this study, we investigated thermotolerance, several physiological responses and damage to reproductive cells in chlorpyrifos-resistant (Rc) and -susceptible (Sm) strains of the diamondback moth,Plutella xylostellasubjected to heat stress. The chlorpyrifos resistance of these strains was mediated by a modified acetylcholinesterase encoded by an allele,ace1R, of theace1gene. Adults of the Rc strain were less heat resistant than those of the Sm strain; they also had lower levels of enzymatic activity against oxidative damage, higher reactive oxygen species contents, weaker upregulation of two heat shock protein (hsp) genes (hsp69s andhsp20), and stronger upregulation of two apoptotic genes (caspase-7 and -9). The damage to sperm and ovary cells was greater in Rc adults than in Sm adults and was temperature sensitive. The lower fitness of the resistant strain, compared with the susceptible strain, is probably due to higher levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis, which also have deleterious effects on several life history traits. The greater injury observed in conditions of heat stress may be due to both the stronger upregulation of caspase genes and weaker upregulation ofhspgenes in resistant than in susceptible individuals.
APOCALYPTIC AND ESCHATOLOGICAL THOUGHT IN ENGLAND AROUND THE YEAR 1000
Authors: Cubitt Catherine 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis article explores the ideas circulating in Englandc. 1000 about the fate of the soul after death, the afterlife and the Last Judgement. It looks at the discourse concerning these topics in the sermons of the Blickling Homilies, Vercelli Book and in sermons by Wulfstan and Ælfric, and argues for lively debatec. 1000 concerning the imminence of the End. It suggests that these texts, especially those by Wulfstan and Ælfric, should be seen in dialogue with one another, and argues that the recent revised dating of Wulfstan's apocalyptic sermons places them in relation to political and legal developments. It argues for a political dimension to this debate and highlights the responses of the king, Æthelred the Unready – demonstrated in diplomatic evidence – which suggests a heightened concern for his own salvation and for that of his family at this date. It places this royal anxiety not only in relation to ideas about the year 1000 and the End of the World but also in relation to the preaching in the homilies of Vercelli Book and of the Blickling collection concerning the fate of the soul and the higher standard of Christian conduct born by the wealthy and by those in responsibility. It concludes by emphasising the multiple and varied thinking about the Last Judgement in Englandc. 1000.
THE USES OF FOREIGNERS IN MAO-ERA CHINA: ‘TECHNIQUES OF HOSPITALITY’ AND INTERNATIONAL IMAGE-BUILDING IN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC, 1949–1976
Authors: Lovell Julia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper focuses on the inner workings of Mao-era China's ‘foreign affairs’ system (waishi xitong): the complex, comprehensive web of bureaucracy woven after 1949 to monitor and control Chinese contact with the outside world. It explores one of the channels along which the People's Republic between 1949 and 1976 tried to project international, soft-power messages beyond conventional diplomatic channels: the inviting of so-called ‘foreign guests’ (waibin) on carefully planned tours around China, often with all or at least some expenses paid. Earlier accounts of this hospitality have evoked a machine of perfect control, carefully judged to manipulate visitors and rehearsed to ensure flawless performances by Chinese hosts. Using memoirs and Chinese archival documents, the paper discusses the attitude of top-level leaders to such visits, the way in which trips were prepared and planned, and the successes and weaknesses of the system. It argues that the People's Republic of China's hosting programme had a domestic as well as an international purpose. Although foreigners were the official target (and indeed, Maoist China's ‘techniques of hospitality’ garnered some rich international political dividends) the government also used the preparation for and execution of hosting duties to underscore at home the triumph of the revolution.
Emotional memory: From affective relevance to arousal
Authors: Montagrin Alison , Sander David 
Published: January 2017

AbstractArousal is typically conceived as a key component of emotional response. We describe here the psychological processes thought to elicit arousal – in particular, the processes involved in the appraisal of affective relevance. The key role of relevance in attentional and memory processing, and its links with arousal, is discussed with respect to the GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model described by Mather et al.
Competition elicits arousal and affect
Authors: Phaf R. Hans 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe emotion–cognition integration in Mather et al. can be extended by specifying the relationship between competition and arousal in the reverse direction. According to affective monitoring, competition raises arousal, which, when sustained, results in negative affect, evoking theta oscillations, and when resolved, in positive affect, evoking gamma oscillations. Competition should be considered a core process in both cognition and emotion.
Locus coeruleus reports changes in environmental contingencies
Authors: Sara Susan J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe GANE (glutamate amplifies noradrenergic effects) model proposed by Mather et al. attempts to explain how norepinephrine enhances processing in highly activated brain regions. Careful perusal of the sparse data available from recording studies in animals reveals that noradrenergic neurons are excited mainly by any change in the environment – a salient, novel, or unexpected sensory stimulus or a change in behavioral contingencies. This begets the “network reset hypothesis” supporting the notion that norepinephrine promotes rapid cognitive and behavioral adaption
Hallucinations and mental imagery demonstrate top-down effects on visual perception
Authors: Howe Piers D. L. , Carter Olivia L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this commentary, we present two examples where perception is not only influenced by, but also in fact driven by, top-down effects: hallucinations and mental imagery. Crucially, both examples avoid all six of the potential confounds that Firestone & Scholl (F&S) raised as arguments against previous studies claiming to demonstrate the influence of top-down effects on perception.
Fundamental differences between perception and cognition aside from cognitive penetrability
Authors: Halford Graeme S. , Hine Trevor J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFundamental differences between perception and cognition argue that the distinction can be maintained independently of cognitive penetrability. The core processes of cognition can be integrated under the theory of relational knowledge. The distinguishing properties include symbols and an operating system, structure-consistent mapping between representations, construction of representations in working memory that enable generation of inferences, and different developmental time courses.
The folly of boxology
Authors: Beck Diane M. , Clevenger John 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAlthough the authors do a valuable service by elucidating the pitfalls of inferring top-down effects, they overreach by claiming that vision is cognitively impenetrable. Their argument, and the entire question of cognitive penetrability, seems rooted in a discrete, stage-like model of the mind that is unsupported by neural data.
Modeling and control of an underactuated tractor–trailer wheeled mobile robot
Authors: Khanpoor Asghar , Khalaji Ali Keymasi , Moosavian S. Ali A. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYTrajectory tracking is one of the main control problems in the context of Wheeled Mobile Robots (WMRs). Control of underactuated systems has been focused by many researchers during past few years. In this paper, tracking control of a Tractor–Trailer Wheeled Mobile Robot (TTWMR) has been discussed. TTWMR includes a differential drive WMR towing a passive spherical wheeled trailer. Spherical wheels in contrast with standard wheels make the robot highly underactuated with severe non-linearities. Underactuation is due to the use of spherical wheeled trailer to increase robots' maneuverability and degrees of freedom. In fact, standard wheels are subjected to non-holonomic constraints due to pure rolling and non-slip conditions, which reduce robot maneuverability. In this paper, after introducing the robot, kinematics and kinetics models are obtained. Then, based on a physical intuition, a novel control algorithm is developed for the robot, i.e. Lyapunov-PID control algorithm. Subsequently, singularity avoidance of the proposed algorithm is discussed and the stability of the algorithm is analyzed. Finally, simulation and experimental results are presented which reveal the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Database Green: Software, Environmentalism and Data Flows in China
Authors: Tarantino Matteo , Zimmermann Basile 
Published: January 2017

AbstractSignificant efforts towards environmental transparency have been made by the Chinese government since 2008. This paper focuses on the technical decisions shaping a database of official pollution information built and operated by a Chinese NGO known as the Institute of Public and Environmental Affairs (IPE). Issues of standardization, power distribution and institutional fragmentation are discussed. The paper illustrates a case of NGOs integrating enforcement capabilities as data centres amidst the growing reliance on processes of informational governance of environmental issues.
Data-driven process planning for shipbuilding
Authors: Bao Jinsong , Zheng Xiaohu , Zhang Jianguo , Ji Xia , Zhang Jie 
Published: January 2017

AbstractErection planning in shipbuilding is a highly complex process. When a process change happens for some reason, it is often difficult to identify how many factors are affected and estimate how sensitive these factors can be. To optimize the planning and replanning of the shipbuilding plan for the best production performance, a data-driven approach for shipbuilding erection planning is proposed, which is composed of an erection plan model, identification of major factors related to the erection plan, and a data-driven algorithm to apply shipbuilding operation data for creating plans and forecasting, for plan adjustment, future availabilities of shipyard resources including machines, equipment, and man power. Through data clustering, the relevant factors are identified as a result of plan change, and critical equipment health management is carried out through data-driven anomaly detection. A case study is implemented, and the result shows that the proposed data-driven method is able to reschedule the shipbuilding plans smoothly.
High added value of a population-based participatory surveillance system for community acute gastrointestinal, respiratory and influenza-like illnesses in Sweden, 2013–2014 using the web
Authors: PINI A. , MERK H. , CARNAHAN A. , GALANIS I. , VAN STRATEN E. , DANIS K. , EDELSTEIN M. , WALLENSTEN A. 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYIn 2013–2014, the Public Health Agency of Sweden developed a web-based participatory surveillance system, Hӓlsorapport, based on a random sample of individuals reporting symptoms weekly online, to estimate the community incidence of self-reported acute gastrointestinal (AGI), acute respiratory (ARI) and influenza-like (ILI) illnesses and their severity. We evaluated Hӓlsorapport's acceptability, completeness, representativeness and its data correlation with other surveillance data. We calculated response proportions and Spearman correlation coefficients (r) between (i) incidence of illnesses in Hӓlsorapport and (ii) proportions of specific search terms to medical-advice website and reasons for calling a medical advice hotline. Of 34 748 invitees, 3245 (9·3%) joined the cohort. Participants answered 81% (139 013) of the weekly questionnaires and 90% (16 351) of follow-up questionnaires. AGI incidence correlated with searches on winter-vomiting disease [r = 0·81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·69–0·89], and ARI incidence correlated with searches on cough (r = 0·77, 95% CI 0·62–0·86). ILI incidence correlated with the web query-based estimated incidence of ILI patients consulting physicians (r = 0·63, 95% CI 0·42–0·77). The high response to different questionnaires and the correlation with other syndromic surveillance systems suggest that Hӓlsorapport offers a reasonable representation of AGI, ARI and ILI patterns in the community and can complement traditional and syndromic surveillance systems to estimate their burden in the community.
La liaison en français contemporain dans la parole publique (1999–2015)
Authors: LAKS BERNARD , PEUVERGNE JULIE 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉLa parole publique constitue un observatoire privilégié pour de la phonologie du français. Son témoignage sur les changements phonologiques en cours est étudié sur le terrain de la liaison. Un corpus de discours et d'interviews de femmes et d'hommes politiques couvrant la période 1999–2015 démontre l'hétérogénéité profonde du phénomène: liaison obligatoire et liaison variable constituent deux phénomènes nettement distincts. Le premier est relativement stable tandis que le second profondément variable est marqué par un changement en cours. Le changement affecte un petit nombre de mots très fréquents, ce qui induit une variabilité très importante.
Pour un renouvellement de l'enseignement de la liaison en FLE au regard des corpus: défis d'apprentissage et usages contemporains
Authors: RACINE ISABELLE , DETEY SYLVAIN 
Published: January 2017

RÉSUMÉLa maîtrise de la liaison constitue indéniablement un enjeu majeur pour l'apprentissage – et l'enseignement – du FLE. Nous examinerons pourquoi la liaison est si complexe du point de vue des apprenants, avant de nous intéresser aux difficultés qu'elle pose aux non natifs, en perception et en production. Nous montrerons enfin en quoi le corpus du projet ‘Interphonologie du français contemporain’ (IPFC) fournit un cadre adéquat et innovant pour l'analyse des productions de liaison en FLE, analyse qui, couplée aux enseignements des corpus oraux de locuteurs natifs, s'avère indispensable pour être en mesure de proposer des ressources pédagogiques adaptées.
Cosmopolitanism for Earth Dwellers: Kant on the Right to be Somewhere
Authors: Huber Jakob 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe paper provides a systematic account of Kant’s ‘right to be somewhere’ as introduced in the Doctrine of Right. My claim is that Kant’s concern with the concurrent existence of a plurality of corporeal agents on the earth’s surface (to which the right speaks) occupies a rarely appreciated conceptual space in his mature political philosophy. In grounding a particular kind of moral relation that is ‘external’ (as located in bounded space) but not property-mediated, it provides us with a fundamentally new perspective on Kant’s cosmopolitanism, which I construe as a cosmopolitanism for ‘earth dwellers’.
Predictive modelling analysis for development of a radiotherapy decision support system in prostate cancer: a preliminary study
Authors: Kim Kwang Hyeon , Lee Suk , Shim Jang Bo , Chang Kyung Hwan , Cao Yuanjie , Choi Suk Woo , Jeon Se Hyeong , Yang Dae Sik , Yoon Won Sup , Park Young Je , Kim Chul Yong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study is to develop predictive models to predict organ at risk (OAR) complication level, classification of OAR dose-volume and combination of this function with our in-house developed treatment decision support system.Materials and methodsWe analysed the support vector machine and decision tree algorithm for predicting OAR complication level and toxicity in order to integrate this function into our in-house radiation treatment planning decision support system. A total of 12 TomoTherapyTM treatment plans for prostate cancer were established, and a hundred modelled plans were generated to analyse the toxicity prediction for bladder and rectum.ResultsThe toxicity prediction algorithm analysis showed 91·0% accuracy in the training process. A scatter plot for bladder and rectum was obtained by 100 modelled plans and classification result derived. OAR complication level was analysed and risk factor for 25% bladder and 50% rectum was detected by decision tree. Therefore, it was shown that complication prediction of patients using big data-based clinical information is possible.ConclusionWe verified the accuracy of the tested algorithm using prostate cancer cases. Side effects can be minimised by applying this predictive modelling algorithm with the planning decision support system for patient-specific radiotherapy planning.
A Historical Survey of Southern African Liturgy: Liturgical Revision from 1908 to 2010
Authors: Bethke Andrew-John 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe article surveys liturgical developments in the Anglican Church of Southern Africa from 1908 to 2010. The author uses numerous source documents from several Anglican archives to analyse the experimental and fully authorized liturgies, detailing the theological and sociological shifts which underpinned any significant changes. The author includes several sources which, until this point, have not been considered; particularly in relation to the reception of newer liturgies. These include letters, interviews and newspaper articles. Influences from the Roman Catholic Church, the Church of South India, the Church of England, the Episcopal Church in the USA and the Church of New Zealand all contributed to the authorized rites in the local church. Furthermore, the article shows that local, traditionally disenfranchised voices are now beginning to be included with liturgical transformation.
Reconstructing metastatic seeding patterns of human cancers
Authors: Reiter Johannes G. , Makohon-Moore Alvin P. , Gerold Jeffrey M. , Bozic Ivana , Chatterjee Krishnendu , Iacobuzio-Donahue Christine A. , Vogelstein Bert , Nowak Martin A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractReconstructing the evolutionary history of metastases is critical for understanding their basic biological principles and has profound clinical implications. Genome-wide sequencing data has enabled modern phylogenomic methods to accurately dissect subclones and their phylogenies from noisy and impure bulk tumour samples at unprecedented depth. However, existing methods are not designed to infer metastatic seeding patterns. Here we develop a tool, called Treeomics, to reconstruct the phylogeny of metastases and map subclones to their anatomic locations. Treeomics infers comprehensive seeding patterns for pancreatic, ovarian, and prostate cancers. Moreover, Treeomics correctly disambiguates true seeding patterns from sequencing artifacts; 7% of variants were misclassified by conventional statistical methods. These artifacts can skew phylogenies by creating illusory tumour heterogeneity among distinct samples.In silicobenchmarking on simulated tumour phylogenies across a wide range of sample purities (15–95%) and sequencing depths (25-800 × ) demonstrates the accuracy of Treeomics compared with existing methods.
A bizarre Early Cretaceous enantiornithine bird with unique crural feathers and an ornithuromorph plough-shaped pygostyle
Authors: Wang Min , O’Connor Jingmai K , Pan Yanhong , Zhou Zhonghe 
Published: January 2017

AbstractEnantiornithes are the most successful clade of Mesozoic birds. Here, we describe a new enantiornithine bird,Cruralispennia multidontagen. et sp. nov., from theProtopteryx-horizon of the Early Cretaceous Huajiying Formation of China. Despite being among the oldest known enantiornithines,Cruralispenniadisplays derived morphologies that are unexpected at such an early stage in the evolution of this clade. A plough-shaped pygostyle, like that of the Ornithuromorpha, evolved convergently in theCruralispennialineage, highlighting the homoplastic nature of early avian evolution. The extremely slender coracoid morphology was previously unknown among Early Cretaceous enantiornithines but is common in Late Cretaceous taxa, indicating that by 131 million years ago this clade had already experienced considerable morphological differentiation.Cruralispenniapreserves unusual crural feathers that are proximally wire-like with filamentous distal tips, a new morphotype previously unknown among fossil or modern feathers, further increasing the known diversity of primitive feather morphologies.