bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Multiwavelength Observations of V404 Cygni during its 2015 June Outburst Decay Strengthen the Case for an Extremely Energetic Jet-base
Authors: Maitra Dipankar , Scarpaci John F. , Grinberg Victoria , Reynolds Mark T. , Markoff Sera , Maccarone Thomas J. , Hynes Robert I. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present results of multiband optical photometry of the black hole X-ray binary system V404 Cyg obtained using Wheaton College Observatory’s 0.3 m telescope, along with strictly simultaneous INTEGRAL and Swift observations during 2015 June 25.15–26.33 UT, and 2015 June 27.10–27.34 UT. These observations were made during the 2015 June outburst of the source when it was going through an epoch of violent activity in all wavelengths ranging from radio to γ-rays. The multiwavelength variability timescale favors a compact emission region, most likely originating in a jet outflow, for both observing epochs presented in this work. The simultaneous INTEGRAL/Imager on Board the Integral Satellite (IBIS) 20–40 keV light curve obtained during the June 27 observing run correlates very strongly with the optical light curve, with no detectable delay between the optical bands as well as between the optical and hard X-rays. The average slope of the dereddened spectral energy distribution was roughly flat between the

- and V-bands during the June 27 run, even though the optical and X-ray flux varied by >25× during the run, ruling out an irradiation origin for the optical and suggesting that the optically thick to optically thin jet synchrotron break during the observations was at a frequency larger than that of V-band, which is quite extreme for X-ray binaries. These observations suggest that the optical emission originated very close to the base of the jet. A strong

emission line, probably originating in a quasi-spherical nebula around the source, also contributes significantly in the R

C
-band. Our data, in conjunction with contemporaneous data at other wavelengths presented by other groups, strongly suggest that the jet-base was extremely compact and energetic during this phase of the outburst.
Assessing the Performance of a Machine Learning Algorithm in Identifying Bubbles in Dust Emission
Authors: Xu 许 Duo 铎 , Offner Stella S. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Stellar feedback created by radiation and winds from massive stars plays a significant role in both physical and chemical evolution of molecular clouds. This energy and momentum leaves an identifiable signature (“bubbles”) that affects the dynamics and structure of the cloud. Most bubble searches are performed “by eye,” which is usually time-consuming, subjective, and difficult to calibrate. Automatic classifications based on machine learning make it possible to perform systematic, quantifiable, and repeatable searches for bubbles. We employ a previously developed machine learning algorithm, Brut, and quantitatively evaluate its performance in identifying bubbles using synthetic dust observations. We adopt magnetohydrodynamics simulations, which model stellar winds launching within turbulent molecular clouds, as an input to generate synthetic images. We use a publicly available three-dimensional dust continuum Monte Carlo radiative transfer code, hyperion, to generate synthetic images of bubbles in three Spitzer bands (4.5, 8, and 24 μm). We designate half of our synthetic bubbles as a training set, which we use to train Brut along with citizen-science data from the Milky Way Project (MWP). We then assess Brut’s accuracy using the remaining synthetic observations. We find that Brut’s performance after retraining increases significantly, and it is able to identify yellow bubbles, which are likely associated with B-type stars. Brut continues to perform well on previously identified high-score bubbles, and over 10% of the MWP bubbles are reclassified as high-confidence bubbles, which were previously marginal or ambiguous detections in the MWP data. We also investigate the influence of the size of the training set, dust model, evolutionary stage, and background noise on bubble identification.
A Model of the Hα and Na Transmission Spectrum of HD 189733b
Authors: Huang 黄辰 Chenliang 亮 , Arras Phil , Christie Duncan , Li Zhi-Yun 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a detailed hydrostatic model of the upper atmosphere of HD 189733b, with the goal of constraining its temperature, particle densities, and radiation field over the pressure range 10–4 to 10 μbar, where the observed Hα transmission spectrum is produced. The atomic hydrogen level population is computed including both collisional and radiative transition rates. The Lyα resonant scattering is computed using a Monte Carlo simulation. The model transmission spectra are in broad agreement with the data. Excitation of the H(2ℓ) population is mainly by Lyα radiative excitation due to the large Lyα intensity. The density of H(2ℓ) is nearly flat over two decades in pressure and is optically thick to Hα. Additional models computed for a range of the stellar Lyman continuum (LyC) flux suggest that the variability in Hα transit depth may be due to the variability in the stellar LyC. Since metal lines provide the dominant cooling of this part of the atmosphere, the atmosphere structure is sensitive to the density of species such as Mg and Na, which may themselves be constrained by observations. Since the Hα and Na D lines have comparable absorption depths, we argue that the centers of the Na D lines are also formed in the atomic layer where the Hα line is formed.
Quand la sécurité maritime vire de bord
Authors: Larrieu Violette 
Published: December 2017

Longtemps, les pouvoirs publics français ont refusé l’externalisation de l’usage de la force armée. En 2014, l’État a initié, par une loi, un marché de la sécurité armée dans le domaine maritime, sous l’autorité d’une agence (le Conseil national des activités privées de sécurité). Cet article montre que ce projet a été porté par le syndicat des armateurs (les bénéficiaires de la loi), Armateurs de France, et le Cluster maritime français, prenant le rôle d’entrepreneurs politiques ( policy entrepreneur ). Profitant de l’ouverture d’une fenêtre d’opportunité, du fait de prises d’otages médiatisées et d’un contexte politique favorable, les armateurs ont « codé » leur discours pour légitimer le recours au secteur privé. Entre la mise en avant de son caractère inéluctable et la réaffirmation du maintien de la prérogative régalienne de l’État à travers son action de contrôle, la mise en marché de la sécurité maritime a pris une forme hybride, à l’intersection du protectionnisme et du libéralisme.
La fin de l’art selon Friedrich Kittler
Authors: Rieber Audrey 
Published: December 2017

Le présent article prend pour point de départ la thèse de Friedrich Kittler selon laquelle l’avènement des médias optiques, de la photographie à la télévision en passant par le cinéma, aurait entraîné la fin des beaux-arts. Une fois élucidée la signification de cette version média-technique de la thèse hégélienne de la fin de l’art, nous nous demanderons ce qu’il reste de l’esthétique dans la condition numérique. L’interprétation des Médias optiques se poursuit par la lecture de six textes et conférences non traduits sur les images, le musée et l’infographie. Écrits dans les années 1990, ils sont contemporains à la conception des cours berlinois sur les médias optiques.
The genus Duvalius in Mount Pílio (Thessalia, Greece), with descriptions of two new species (Coleoptera Carabidae Trechinae)
Authors: Casale Achille , Giachino Pier Mauro , Vailati Dante , Felix Ron 
Published: December 2017

The authors present a contribution to the knowledge of three Duvalius species known from forests and caves in Mount Pílio (Thessalia, Greece). Duvalius (Duvalius) moczarskii (G. Müller, 1917) is redescribed from the type material and further specimens sampled in recent years. Furthermore, they describe two sympatric species living in the same massif: D. (D.) marijkeae sp. n., sampled both in a cave and in Superficial Subterranean Habitat (M.S.S.), and D. (D.) chironis sp. n., only sampled by traps in M.S.S. (two individuals in two different years).Notes about relationships and distribution of these and other Duvalius species from Greece are also added.
Molecular characterization of locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island in shigatoxic Escherichia coli isolated from human & cattle in West Bengal, India
Authors: Das Suresh Chandra , Ramamurthy Thandavanaryanalu , Ghosh Santanu , Pazhani Gururaja Perumal , Sen Tista , Singh Raghubir 
Published: December 2017

Background & objectives:
Shigatoxic Escherichia coli (STEC) recovered from dairy animals of Kolkata, India, harboured the putative virulence genes; however, the animals did not exhibit clinical symptoms. Similarly, human isolates in this locality also showed variations in degree of symptoms. Hence, this study was designed to know the presence of recognized gene(s) in the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE) pathogenicity island in these STEC isolates and functional status of the cardinal gene (eae) related to pathogenicity.

Methods:
Genes were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, and functional status of cardinal gene (eae) was evaluated by fluorescent actin staining (FAS) assay. Variation in eae gene was determined by intimin PCR.

Results:
Cattle STEC isolates carried 22 genes in LEE pathogenicity island in different frequencies ranging from 5.63 to 47.88 per cent of the isolates. In human isolates, the genes namely ler, escRSTU, orf2, escC, escV, orf3 and tir that are associated with secretory function, were found to be absent and rest of the genes were present in lower frequency. Further, the cardinal gene (eae) responsible for initiation of pathogenesis was in a very low frequency in human (n=2; 10.5%) and cattle (n=11; 15.5%) isolates. None of these eae
+ STEC isolates from human and cattle revealed positivity in FAS assay.

Interpretation & conclusions:
Majority of human STEC isolates lacked the cardinal virulence gene (eae), and genes for secretory function that are essential for facilitating pathogenesis. This may partially be attributed to low occurrence of STEC in human clinical diarrhoea in this area. Although a few isolates (11 of 71) from cattle had eae gene, they did not express phenotypically. This could be one of the reasons for not appearing of clinical symptoms in the hosts.
The EU Falsified Medicines Directive: Key Implications for Dispensers
Authors: Naughton Bernard D. 
Published: December 2017

The EU Falsified Medicines Directive (FMD) mandates the serialisation of prescription-only medicines using a two-dimensional (2D) barcode by pharmaceutical companies and the systematic verification of this 2D barcode in pharmacies. This European directive has ramifications for many stakeholders, including market authorization holders, wholesalers, parallel importers, and dispensers. Focusing primarily on the impact on UK dispensers, the following questions are addressed in this article: Where should the affected medicines be scanned? and who will pay for the incoming changes to practice? The role of the EU FMD in terms of drug recalls, the preparation required for EU FMD compliance, and the potential for added healthcare value are also discussed. Dispensers must prepare for the February 2019 EU FMD deadline date by choosing a point within their dispensing processes to scan medicines. Dispensers must also budget appropriately for the incoming costs associated with new hardware and processes.
Local House Price Paths: Accelerations, Declines, and Recoveries
Authors: Bogin Alexander N. , Doerner William M. , Larson William D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractMortgage credit risk measurement hinges on the choice of a house price stress path, which is used to project loan losses and determine financial capital requirements. House price paths are commonly constructed at national or state levels and shock scenarios are created to mimic historical adverse market conditions. We provide evidence that this level of geographic aggregation is not granular enough in many cases—collateral risk often varies within cities. Using local house price indices that cover the United States from 1975 to 2016, we focus on house price performance in the years immediately following sustained periods of rapid acceleration. Price accelerations tend to exhibit temporal clustering and occur with greater frequency in large versus small cities. We exploit within-city variation in price dynamics to provide evidence that price initially overshoot sustainable levels but, in some areas, dynamics may reflect positive underlying economic fundamentals and can be sustained. After accelerating, price reach their trough after 4 or 5 years. Small cities show uniform declines whereas large cities exhibit greater price decreases farther away from city centers. These findings suggest differential collateral risk exists in large cities, financial losses can be predictable based on real estate location theory, and localized house price paths could aid credit risk management.
Dietary soya protein improves intra-myocardial lipid deposition and altered glucose metabolism in a hypertensive, dyslipidaemic, insulin-resistant rat model
Authors: Oliva María E. , Creus Agustina , Ferreira María R. , Chicco Adriana , Lombardo Yolanda B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study investigates the effects of replacing dietary casein by soya protein on the underlying mechanisms involved in the impaired metabolic fate of glucose and lipid metabolisms in the heart of dyslipidaemic rats chronically fed (8 months) a sucrose-rich (62·5 %) diet (SRD). To test this hypothesis, Wistar rats were fed an SRD for 4 months. From months 4 to 8, half the animals continued with the SRD and the other half were fed an SRD in which casein was substituted by soya. The control group received a diet with maize starch as the carbohydrate source. Compared with the SRD-fed group, the following results were obtained. First, soya protein significantly (P<0·001) reduced the plasma NEFA levels and normalised dyslipidaemia and glucose homoeostasis, improving insulin resistance. The protein levels of fatty acid translocase at basal state and under insulin stimulation and the protein levels and activity of muscle-type carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 were normalised. Second, a significant (P<0·001) reduction of TAG, long-chain acyl CoA and diacylglycerol levels was observed in the heart muscle. Third, soya protein significantly increased (P<0·01) GLUT4 protein level under insulin stimulation and normalised glucose phosphorylation and oxidation. A reduction of phosphorylated AMP protein kinase protein level was recorded without changes in uncoupling protein 2 and PPARα. Fourth, hydroxyproline concentration decreased in the left ventricle and hypertension was normalised. The new information provided shows the beneficial effects of soya protein upon the altered pathways of glucose and lipid metabolism in the heart muscle of this rat model.
Description of Metagonimus pusillus sp. nov. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae): phylogenetic relationships within the genus
Authors: Tatonova Y.V. , Shumenko P.G. , Besprozvannykh V.V. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAs a result of experimental studies conducted in the Russian southern Far East, adult worms from the genus Metagonimus were obtained. A comparative analysis of the morphometry of these worms with other Metagonimus representatives showed that they are most similar to M. katsuradai Izumi, 1935 and M. otsurui Shimazu & Urabe, 2002 found in Japan, due to the ratio of suckers and the positions of the testicle, uterus and vitellaria. However, Russian worms differ from species in Japan by other metric characters: they differ from M. otsurui by the maximum size of most organs and from M. katsuradai by body width, pharynx length, and maximum size of testes and ovary. At the same time, they are identical to a trematode from the Russian southern Far East, which was previously identified as M. katsuradai. The validity of this species was also confirmed by genetic data. According to the 28S gene and the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region of rDNA, as well as the cytochrome c oxidase I (cox1) gene of mtDNA, the Metagonimus specimens found in Russia differ from published genetic data for other members of this genus. However, both morphological similarity and molecular data showed that M. pusillus sp. nov., M. katsuradai and M. otsurui are most likely cryptic species. Furthermore, additional data based on a mitochondrial marker were provided for M. suifunensis Shumenko, Tatonova & Besprozvannykh, 2017 from Russia.
Dezember 2017
Authors: Kohrs Jens 
Published: December 2017

Editorial
Manchmal müssen die Dinge einfach verkehrt herum laufen, damit sich etwas grundlegend ändert. Da müssen sich erst Siri, Alexa und Co. auf privaten Geräten durchsetzen, bis die Profis auch an ihrem Arbeitsplatz im Krankenhaus erkennen, dass Spracherkennung kein Hexenwerk ist und mittlerweile ziemlich gut funktioniert. Und vielleicht schaffen es ja auch die Patienten, dem deutschen Gesundheitssystem den entscheidenden Schubs zu geben und dem Trauerspiel um die Gesundheitskarte endlich ein Ende zu setzen – allein schon, weil sie auf ihr Recht an ihren Daten pochen. Und zwar nicht, weil sie sie irgendwem verweigern, sondern weil sie sie jederzeit und in ihrem Sinne nutzen können möchten. Sprache oder Daten – die Botschaft erkennt man …
Multifunctional YY1 in Liver Diseases
Authors: Yang Shuang , Zhou Jian , Gao Weiwu , Yang Xia , Yang Di , Tian Zhiqiang , Wu Yuzhang , Zhang Mengjie , Zhang Yi , Ni Bing 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) is a multifunctional protein that can activate or repress gene expression, depending on the cellular context. While YY1 is ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved between species, its role varies among the diverse cell types and includes proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Upregulated YY1 expression is found in pathogenic conditions, such as human hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatitis B virus infection, and its roles in the molecular pathogenic mechanisms in liver (i.e., fibrosis, carcinogenesis, viral-induced injury) are currently being elucidated. The most recent studies have revealed that YY1 is deeply involved in such dysregulated cellular metabolisms as glycometabolism, lipid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism, which are all involved in various diseases. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge on YY1 in liver diseases, providing a focused discussion on the characterized and probable underlying mechanisms, as well as a reasoned evaluation of the potential for YY1-mediated pathology as drug targets in liver disease therapies.
HCC Risk Scores: Useful or Not?
Authors: Sherman Morris 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe advent and efficacy of surveillance for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has necessitated the refinement of assessing who is at risk for this cancer. Initially, risk was assessed for all individuals with hepatitis B and all those with cirrhosis. However, the majority of these individuals do not develop HCC so that providing surveillance for all is a waste of resources. There are now many different scores that have been developed that allow better identification of who is at risk and who is not. Specific models have been developed for hepatitis B before and on treatment, for hepatitis C before and after treatment, and for cirrhosis in general. There are also models for assessing risk in the general population. Some models can only be applied to patients coming from the population in which the score was developed (e.g., hepatitis B). Others are more generalizable. Many lack external validation. With some exceptions, the models do not attempt to assess the score at which surveillance should start. Overall, the models provide some useful guidance as to who does not need to undergo surveillance, but the long-term performance and how changes in risk score correlate with changes in HCC risk has not been completely assessed.
Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures in Women
Authors: Baslet Gaston , Dworetzky Barbara 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPsychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNES) are the most common type of functional neurological symptom disorders and are frequently diagnosed in tertiary care epilepsy monitoring units. These are associated with significant decline in social functioning and quality of life. The majority of patients with PNES are women, outnumbering men by a ratio of 3:1. Female sex preponderance occurs after puberty and usually before the age of 55 years. Many of the psychiatric risk factors in PNES (depression, anxiety, history of traumatic experiences, other somatic symptom disorders) are more common in women and may partially account for the difference in sex prevalence. Neurobiological and neurohumoral mechanisms may also play a role, but our understanding is limited at this point. In this review, we present information on epidemiology and risk factors, neurobiological and psychological mechanisms, clinical approach to diagnosis, evidence-based treatment, and long-term outcomes. We highlight findings related to differences between women and men in PNES. Most of these data are not decisive and require further corroboration. While the disorder may be more frequently suspected in women, all patients with suspected PNES deserve an objective and thorough investigation of their symptoms. Early and accurate identification of this disorder should be a priority, especially as evidence-based treatments, which may lead to improved outcomes, are increasingly available.
Overdiagnosis: An Understudied Issue in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance
Authors: Rich Nicole , Parikh Neehar , Singal Amit 
Published: December 2017

AbstractOverdiagnosis, the detection of clinically insignificant disease that would not otherwise impact the patient's lifespan, is a phenomenon that has been described in several solid tumors, such as prostate, breast, thyroid, and lung cancers. Population-based efforts to reduce hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) mortality in cirrhosis patients by screening and early detection may result in the overdiagnosis of HCC. One of the harms of overdiagnosis is subsequent overtreatment, which can result in increased costs, as well as physical side effects, psychological harms, and poorer quality of life. In this review, the authors explore the potential for overdiagnosis in HCC.
Zur Bewegung motivieren
Authors: Laube Wolfgang 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungUm Körperfunktionen zu entwickeln, zu verbessern und zu erhalten, ist Training unerlässlich. Degenerative Veränderungen bei Bewegungsmangel
werden häufig erst spät erkannt. Um chronische Erkrankungen zu vermeiden, ist ein der Lebensphase angepasstes Bewegungsprogramm die
beste Prävention.
Clinical Perspectives of Lithium’s Neuroprotective Effect
Authors: Rybakowski Janusz , Suwalska Aleksandra , Hajek Tomas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEvidence for a neuroprotective effect of lithium has accumulated over the last 2 decades, and this phenomenon has been regarded as an important mechanism of lithium action in mood disorders. It has been reflected by an increase in cerebral gray matter volume in lithium-treated subjects and by the favorable influence of lithium on cognitive functions. A neuroprotective effect of lithium also makes this ion a possible candidate for use as a therapeutic drug in neurology, especially in neurodegenerative disorders. In this paper, neurochemical mechanisms of neuroprotective action of lithium will be characterized. A possible association between the effect of lithium on brain structures reflected in neuroimaging studies, as well as on cognitive functions, and its neuroprotective action, will be considered. Data from experimental, epidemiological, and clinical studies have also pointed to an antidementia effect of lithium, bringing about some promise of using lithium in the treatment of mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. The results of attempts of employing lithium in other neurodegenerative disorders will also be discussed.