bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mapping the temporary and perennial character of whole river networks
Authors: González‐Ferreras A. M. , Barquín J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKnowledge of the spatial distribution of temporary and perennial river channels in a whole catchment is important for effective integrated basin management and river biodiversity conservation. However, this information is usually not available or is incomplete. In this study, we present a statistically based methodology to classify river segments from a whole river network (Deva‐Cares catchment, Northern Spain) as temporary or perennial. This method is based on an a priori classification of a subset of river segments as temporary or perennial, using field surveys and aerial images, and then running Random Forest models to predict classification membership for the rest of the river network. The independent variables and the river network were derived following a computer‐based geospatial simulation of riverine landscapes. The model results show high values of overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for the evaluation of the fitted model to the training and testing data set (≥0.9). The most important independent variables were catchment area, area occupied by broadleaf forest, minimum monthly precipitation in August, and average catchment elevation. The final map shows 7525 temporary river segments (1012.5 km) and 3731 perennial river segments (662.5 km). A subsequent validation of the mapping results using River Habitat Survey data and expert knowledge supported the validity of the proposed maps. We conclude that the proposed methodology is a valid method for mapping the limits of flow permanence that could substantially increase our understanding of the spatial links between terrestrial and aquatic interfaces, improving the research, management, and conservation of river biodiversity and functioning.
A Unified Strategy Toward 5‐, 6‐, and 7‐Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles Through Free Radical then Metal‐Mediated Functionalization of Ene‐carbamates
Authors: Beniazza Redouane , Poittevin Clément , Lusseau Jonathan , Massip Stéphane , Robert Frédéric , Landais Yannick 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFree‐radical carbo‐alkenylation of N‐aryl‐, N‐benzyl‐, and N‐phenethyl‐ene‐carbamates with a disulfone provides vinyl sulfones which may then be functionalized and engaged in Heck‐type coupling to furnish highly substituted 5‐, 6‐ and 7‐membered nitrogen heterocycles. Grignard‐mediated cyclization starting from the same substrates further allowed a nucleophilic cascade process, affording a straightforward access to hydrocarbazoles, which may be regarded as potent intermediates for the synthesis of alkaloids of the Aspidosperma family.magnified image
[4+2] and [3+2] Annulations of α‐Chloroaldehydes and Dithio‐ esters: Synthesis of 1,4‐Oxathiin‐2(3H)‐ones and 1,3‐Oxathioles
Authors: Wang Tong , Gao Zhong‐Hua , Ye Song 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe [4+2] and [3+2] annulations of α‐chloroaldehydes with dithioesters are reported. In the presence of an N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) catalyst, the [4+2] annulation went smoothly to afford highly substituted 1,4‐oxathiin‐2(3H)‐ones, while the [3+2] annulation was observed to give 1,3‐oxathioles in the absence of an NHC.magnified image
A General and Practical Approach for the Synthesis of 1,2,4‐Trioxanes Catalyzed by Silica‐Ferric Chloride
Authors: Zhang Mo , Han Yi , Niu Jia‐Liang , Zhang Zhan‐Hui 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn efficient and practical method has been developed for the facile synthesis of 1,2,4‐trioxanes by the condensation of β‐hydroperoxy alcohols and carbonyl compounds in the presence of a catalytic amount of silica‐supported ferric chloride (FeCl3/SiO2) at room temperature. The method has the benefits of operational simplicity, high yields and potential large‐scale application. Moreover, the catalyst can be readily recovered by simple filtration and reused up to five times while almost maintaining its catalytic activity.magnified image
Immersive virtual reality as a teaching tool for neuroanatomy
Authors: Stepan Katelyn , Zeiger Joshua , Hanchuk Stephanie , Del Signore Anthony , Shrivastava Raj , Govindaraj Satish , Iloreta Alfred 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThree‐dimensional (3D) computer modeling and interactive virtual reality (VR) simulation are validated teaching techniques used throughout medical disciplines. Little objective data exists supporting its use in teaching clinical anatomy. Learner motivation is thought to limit the rate of utilization of such novel technologies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness, satisfaction, and motivation associated with immersive VR simulation in teaching medical students neuroanatomy.MethodsImages of normal cerebral anatomy were reconstructed from human Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) computed tomography (CT) imaging and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) into 3D VR formats compatible with the Oculus Rift VR System, a head‐mounted display with tracking capabilities allowing for an immersive VR experience. The ventricular system and cerebral vasculature were highlighted and labeled to create a focused interactive model. We conducted a randomized controlled study with 66 medical students (33 in both the control and experimental groups). Pertinent neuroanatomical structures were studied using either online textbooks or the VR interactive model, respectively. We then evaluated the students’ anatomy knowledge, educational experience, and motivation (using the Instructional Materials Motivation Survey [IMMS], a previously validated assessment).ResultsThere was no significant difference in anatomy knowledge between the 2 groups on preintervention, postintervention, or retention quizzes. The VR group found the learning experience to be significantly more engaging, enjoyable, and useful (all p < 0.01) and scored significantly higher on the motivation assessment (p < 0.01).ConclusionImmersive VR educational tools awarded a more positive learner experience and enhanced student motivation. However, the technology was equally as effective as the traditional text books in teaching neuroanatomy.
Fibrin(ogen) and neurodegeneration in the progressive multiple sclerosis cortex
Authors: Yates Richard L. , Esiri Margaret M. , Palace Jacqueline , Jacobs Benjamin , Perera Rafael , DeLuca Gabriele C. 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveNeuronal loss, a key substrate of irreversible disability in multiple sclerosis (MS), is a recognized feature of MS cortical pathology of which the cause remains unknown. Fibrin(ogen) deposition is neurotoxic in animal models of MS, but has not been evaluated in human progressive MS cortex. The aim of this study was to investigate the extent and distribution of fibrin(ogen) in progressive MS cortex and elucidate its relationship with neurodegeneration.MethodsA postmortem cohort of pathologically confirmed MS (n = 47) and control (n = 10) cases was used. The extent and distribution of fibrin(ogen) was assessed and related to measures of demyelination, inflammation, and neuronal density. In a subset of cases (MS, n = 20; control, n = 10), expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI‐1), a key enzyme in the fibrinolytic cascade, was assessed and related to the extent of fibrin(ogen).ResultsMotor cortical fibrin(ogen) deposition was significantly over‐represented in MS compared to control cases in all compartments studied (ie, extracellular [p = 0.001], cell body [p = 0.003], and neuritic/glial‐processes [p = 0.004]). MS cases with high levels of extracellular fibrin(ogen) had significantly upregulated PAI‐1 expression in all cortical layers assessed (p < 0.05) and reduced neuronal density (p = 0.017), including in the functionally‐relevant layer 5 (p = 0.001).InterpretationFor the first time, we provide unequivocal evidence that fibrin(ogen) is extensively deposited in progressive MS motor cortex, where regulation of fibrinolysis appears perturbed. Progressive MS cases with severe fibrin(ogen) deposition have significantly reduced neuronal density. Future studies are needed to elucidate the provenance and putative neurotoxicity of fibrin(ogen), and its potential impact on clinical disability. Ann Neurol 2017;82:259–270
Development of New Supramolecular Lyotropic Liquid Crystals and Their Application as Alignment Media for Organic Compounds
Authors: Leyendecker Martin , Meyer Nils‐Christopher , Thiele Christina M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMost alignment media for the residual dipolar coupling (RDC) based molecular structure determination of small organic compounds consist of rod‐like polymers dissolved in organic solvents or of swollen cross‐linked polymer gels. Thus far, the synthesis of polymer‐based alignment media has been a challenging process, which is often followed by a time‐consuming sample preparation. We herein propose the use of non‐polymeric alignment media based on benzenetricarboxamides (BTAs), which self‐assemble into rod‐like supramolecules. Our newly found supramolecular lyotropic liquid crystals (LLCs) are studied in terms of their LLC properties and their suitability as alignment media in NMR spectroscopy. Scalable enantiodifferentiating properties are introduced through a sergeant‐and‐soldier principle by blending achiral with chiral substituted BTAs.
Nomograms for preoperative prediction of axillary nodal status in breast cancer
Authors: Dihge L , Bendahl P-O , Rydén L 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Axillary staging in patients with breast cancer and clinically node-negative disease is performed by sentinel node biopsy (SLNB). The aim of this study was to integrate feasible preoperative variables into nomograms to guide clinicians in stratifying treatment options into no axillary staging for patients with non-metastatic disease (N0), SLNB for those with one or two metastases, and axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) for patients with three or more metastases.

Methods
Patients presenting to Skåne University Hospital, Lund, with breast cancer were included in a prospectively maintained registry between January 2009 and December 2012. Those with a preoperative diagnosis of nodal metastases were excluded. Patients with data on hormone receptor status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and Ki-67 expression were included to allow grouping into surrogate molecular subtypes. Based on logistic regression analyses, nomograms summarizing the strength of the associations between the predictors and each nodal status endpoint were developed. Predictive performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Bootstrap resampling was performed for internal validation.

Results
Of the 692 patients eligible for analysis, 248 were diagnosed with node-positive disease. Molecular subtype, age, mode of detection, tumour size, multifocality and vascular invasion were identified as predictors of any nodal disease. Nomograms that included these predictors demonstrated good predictive abilities, and comparable performances in the internal validation; the area under the ROC curve was 0·74 for N0versus any lymph node metastasis, 0·70 for one or two involved nodes versus N0, and 0·81 for at least three nodes versus two or fewer metastatic nodes.

Conclusion
The nomograms presented facilitate preoperative decision-making regarding the extent of axillary surgery.
Peer learning efficacy analysis on undergraduate software design course
Authors: Cheng Po‐Hsun , Chen Li‐Wei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKnowledge sharing and peer learning are important characteristics for learning similar engineering topics, especially suitable for the learning in college. Software design is an advanced required course for software engineering departments. However, most students might have no enough incentives to learn it by themselves. To distinguish the performance of the peer learning, we adopted the peer learning in software design course to analyze the possibility of adoption. Our selected course was a junior major and held on the second semester. Its regulations are declared twice before the due date of the course selection. Students can group their peer learning team by at most three ones, so they can choose as individual learning. Both review and summary quizzes were held at the first and the last 15‐min in the Moodle every week, respectively. There were 34 students attending this experiment with four 3‐student groups, five 2‐student groups, and 12 singles. A web‐based tool was designed to illustrate the peer learning performance and students can browse their own score analysis anywhere. Inside the experimental weeks, we found most students attend the course on time. Though the effect of the adopted approach (may be due to too few samples) is not clear, we found evidence from the descriptive statistics and detailed analyses of the experiment results. The peer learning by grouping could have large chance to be better than individual study. It encourages us to adopt the same educational practice to our software design course, even other software related courses.
Modeling Solvation in Supercritical CO2
Authors: Ingrosso Francesca , Ruiz‐López Manuel F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn recent decades, a microscopic understanding of solute–solvent intermolecular interactions has been key to advances in technologies based on supercritical carbon dioxide. In many cases, computational work has provided the impetus for new discoveries, shedding new light on important concepts such as the local structure around the solute in the supercritical medium, the influence of the peculiar properties of the latter on the molecular behavior of dissolved substances and, importantly, CO2‐philicity. In this Review, the theoretical work that has been relevant to these developments is surveyed and, by presenting some crucial open questions, the possible routes to achieving further progress based on the interplay between theory and experiments is discussed.
Spontaneous Keto–Enol Tautomerization in the Crystal Lattice Visualized with the Help of Water Encapsulated in Hydrophilic Reservoirs
Authors: Dudek Marta K. , Wielgus Ewelina , Paluch Piotr , Potrzebowski Marek J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractKeto–enol tautomerism in the solid phase is a process that is particularly difficult to follow. In this work we demonstrate how it can be done by introducing deuterium into the crystal lattice of organic compounds which tend to form hydrates. In our studies we explored H–D exchange in the crystals stored in contact with deuterium oxide vapors. Employing barbituric acid (BA) and (+)‐catechin (CAT) as model samples and by using advanced solid‐state NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, we revealed that not only OH and NH protons of these chemicals undergo exchange to deuterium in a crystal lattice, but also usually immobile protons, that is, (Ar)CH (in CAT) and CH2 (in BA) are exchanged as a result of keto–enol tautomerism.
The CLEC12A receptor marks human basophils: Potential implications for minimal residual disease detection in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Toft‐Petersen Marie , Stidsholt Roug Anne , Plesner Trine , Ebbesen Lene , Brown Gordon D. , Nederby Line 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe transmembrane receptor C‐type lectin domain family 12, member A (CLEC12A) is known to be highly expressed on monocytes and neutrophils and is a reliable leukemia associated marker in acute myeloid leukemia. Consequently, detailed knowledge of the various normal cell types expressing this receptor is essential. We have observed CLEC12A to be expressed on CD45lowSSClowCD14‐CD123+ basophils in peripheral blood (PB) and in this study, we aimed at verifying this observation and further delineate the CD45lowSSClowCD14‐CD123 + CLEC12A+ subpopulation.MethodsWe analyzed PB from 20 diagnostic chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) samples and eight healthy donors in a six‐color multicolor flowcytometry (FCM) based assay. Furthermore, we performed fluorescence activated cell sorting on one CML sample to morphologically confirm the CD45lowSSClowCD14‐CD123 + CLEC12A+ subset to be highly enriched for basophils. Finally, to further delineate the CD45lowSSClowCD14‐CD123 + CLEC12A+ subpopulation in normal PB, we examined three healthy donors in a 10‐color FCM assay enabling further separation of the cell subset into basophils and dendritic cells.ResultsThe CLEC12A receptor is expressed on basophils.ConclusionsIdentification and enumeration of basophils is of high relevance in diagnostic hematology and immunology. We here show that CLEC12A in a simple FCM assay consistently marks basophils. Importantly, as basophils are characterized by a CD45lowSSClow profile similar to the “blast‐gate” used for the evaluation of hematological disorders, awareness of minor normal CLEC12A+ subpopulations is crucial when using CLEC12A as a minimal residual disease marker in myeloid malignancies. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society
High Dosage of Vitamin D Regulates the Energy Metabolism and Increases Insulin Sensitivity, but are Associated with High Levels of Kidney Damage
Authors: Gaspar Rafael Calais , Botezelli José Diego , Kuga Gabriel Keine , Muñoz Vitor Rosetto , Coope Andressa , Pereira Rodrigo Martins , da Silva Adelino Sanchez Ramos , Cintra Dennys Esper , de Moura Leandro Pereira , Ropelle Eduardo Rochete , Pauli José Rodrigo 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

Metabolic disorders are responsible for more than 60% of all deaths worldwide. Calcitriol or vitamin D (vitD) deficiency is associated with a large proportion of these diseases is an important therapeutic target for exploration. This study evaluated the administration of high doses of vitD (3000 IU/kg) in obese and insulin‐resistant C57BL/6J mice. Our results demonstrated that although high doses of vitD provided metabolic benefits such as increased insulin sensitivity and decreased body mass, this was associated with significant damage in the kidneys of obese mice. These findings support the role of vitD as a therapeutic strategy against metabolic disorders. However, caution is required with the dose administrated, and the renal damage associated still needs to be investigated. Drug Dev Res 78 : 203–209, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Marker of coxsackievirus‐B4 infection in saliva of patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Badia‐Boungou F. , Sane F. , Alidjinou E.K. , Ternois M. , Opoko P.A. , Haddad J. , Stukens C. , Lefevre C. , Gueorguieva I. , Hamze M. , Ismail M. , Weill J. , Monabéka H.G. , Bouenizabila E. , Moukassa D. , Abena A.A. , Hober D. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundCoxsackieviruses B (CV‐B) are enteroviruses that have been reported to play a role in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Enteroviral RNA was detected in the gut mucosa of patients. The mucosal immunity is an interconnected network; therefore, the response to enteroviruses possibly present in the gastrointestinal mucosa can be reflected by specific antibodies in the saliva. In the present study, the anti‐CV‐B neutralizing activity of saliva samples from patients with type 1 diabetes was investigated.MethodsSaliva samples were collected from patients and controls of 3 countries, and plasma was obtained from some of them. The anti‐CV‐B activity of clinical samples was determined by neutralization of the cytopathic effect induced by challenging viruses in vitro and expressed as titre value.ResultsOverall prevalence and levels of anti‐CV‐B4 activity of saliva were higher in patients (n = 181) than in controls (n = 135; P = .0002; titre values ≥ 16: odds ratio = 4.22 95% CI: 1.90‐9.38 P = .0002). It has been shown that IgA1 played a role in this activity. There was no correlation between the saliva and the plasma anti‐CV‐B4 neutralizing activity. The neutralizing activity of saliva against CV‐B1, CV‐B2, CV‐B3, and CV‐B5 existed rarely, if at all. Increased levels of anti‐CV‐B4 activity were observed all along a 4 year follow‐up period in patients but not in matched controls (P = .01).ConclusionThere is an anti‐CV‐B4 activity in saliva of patients with type 1 diabetes that may be a useful marker to study the role of CV‐B in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Consistent increase in herbivory along two experimental plant diversity gradients over multiple years
Authors: Meyer Sebastian T. , Scheithe Lukas , Hertzog Lionel , Ebeling Anne , Wagg Cameron , Roscher Christiane , Weisser Wolfgang W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractResearch on the functional importance of biodiversity, motivated by global species loss, has documented that plant species richness affects many plant‐related ecosystem functions. Less is known about the effects of plant species richness on functions related to higher trophic levels, such as the consumption of biomass by animals, that is, herbivory. Previous studies have shown positive, neutral, or negative effects of plant species richness on herbivory. In the framework of a grassland biodiversity experiment (the Jena Experiment), we investigated herbivory (the proportion of leaf area damaged and the amount of leaf biomass consumed by arthropod herbivores) along two experimental gradients of plant species richness ranging from 1 to 60 species (Main Experiment) and from 1 to 8 species (Trait‐Based Experiment) biannually for five and three years, respectively. Additionally, plant functional diversity, based on traits related to plant growth, was manipulated as the number of functional groups in a community (Main Experiment) or a gradient of functional trait dissimilarity (Trait‐Based Experiment). Herbivory at the level of plant communities ranged from 0% to 31% (0 and 33.8 g/m2) in the Main Experiment and 0% to 8% (0 and 13.7 g/m2) in the Trait‐Based Experiment, and it was on average higher in summer than in spring. For both experimental gradients and all years investigated, we found a consistent increase in damaged leaf area and consumed biomass with increasing plant species richness. As mechanistic explanations for effects of plant species richness, we propose changes in plant quality and herbivore communities. The presence of specific plant functional groups significantly affected herbivory, likely related to traits affecting plant defense and nutritional value, but we found little evidence for effects of plant functional diversity. The general positive relationship between plant species richness and herbivory might contribute to effects of plant species richness on other ecosystem functions such as productivity and nutrient mineralization and can cascade up the food web also affecting higher trophic levels.
Reduced numbers of circulating group 2 innate lymphoid cells in patients with common variable immunodeficiency
Authors: Geier Christoph B. , Kraupp Sophie , Bra David , Eibl Martha M. , Farmer Jocelyn R. , Csomos Krisztian , Walter Jolan E. , Wolf Hermann M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent studies identified an emerging role of group 2 and 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) as key players in the generation of T‐dependent and T‐independent antibody production. In this retrospective case‐control study, CD117+ ILCs (including the majority of ILC2 and ILC3) were reduced in patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The reduction in CD117+ ILCs was distinctive to CVID and could not be observed in patients with X‐linked agammaglobulinemia. Patients with a more pronounced reduction in CD117+ ILC numbers showed significantly lower numbers of peripheral MZ‐like B cells and an increased prevalence of chronic, non‐infectious enteropathy. Subsequent phenotyping of ILC subsets in CVID revealed that the reduction in CD117+ ILC numbers is due to a reduction in ILC2 numbers. In vitro expansion of CVID ILC2 in response to IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐25 and IL‐33 was impaired. Furthermore, upregulation of MHCII and IL‐2RA in response to IL‐2, IL‐7, IL‐25 and IL‐33 was impaired in CVID ILC2. Thus, our results indicate a dysregulation of ILC subsets with a reduction in ILC2 numbers in CVID, however, further studies are needed to explore whether ILC abnormalities are a primary finding or secondary to disease complications encountered in CVID.