bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compare the effectiveness of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculus cholecystitis
Authors: P. Madhu C. , R. M. Senthil Kumar 
Published: January 2018

Background: To compare the effectiveness of early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute calculous cholecystitis.Methods: 30 Cases each in early group and delayed group were selected according to their time of presentation of their first symptom. Parameters were recorded intraoperative complications, timing of surgery, postoperative morbidity, days of hospital stay, days of antibiotic coverage, conversion to open and readmissions. In addition, author estimated the direct cost savings of implementing an ELC programResults: The overall morbidity and complications are less in ELC compared to DLC. Mean number of hospital stay is less in ELC (4.90%) whereas DLC (6.30%). Mean number of days of antibiotic coverage less in ELC (3.9 days) to DLC (5.30 days). Mean operative time is less in ELC (60 minutes) and DLC (82 minutes). Overall the complications, morbidity, mortality, ICU admissions, readmissions are less in early laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Conclusions: ELC is safe in patients with acute cholecystitis and could lead to a reduction in the direct costs of treatment.
A study of association of H. pylori infection and cholelithiasis
Authors: Athavale Virendra S. , Khandalkar Shivmurti N. , Bhide Prachi C. , Shetty Iresh , Lad Aditya 
Published: January 2018

Background: Aims and objective of the study was to study the association of H. Pylori infection and cholelithiasis.Methods: The study was conducted at Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College and Hospital, DPU University, for a period of 2 years and is a descriptive cross-sectional type of study using 100 patients.Results: In this study 26 % of total patients were seen in the age group of 21-30 years. The mean age of the patients was 26 years. 78 patients in present study were male (78%) and only 22 were females (22%) male predominance was seen. male to female ratio is 3.5:1. 18 % patients show association with cholelithiasis and 84 patients were detected positive by RUT method.Conclusions: H. pylori infection has a positive association with cholelithiasis and if eradicated, may lead to prevention of gallstones.
Clinicopathological study on patients presenting with obstructive jaundice
Authors: Shukla Samir , Kharat Prashant R. , Kumar Krishna 
Published: January 2018

Background: Obstructive jaundice is frequently encountered surgical disease in the practice. This study is aimed to analyse age and sex distribution and incidence of malignant or benign causes in patients presented with obstructive jaundice. Author thoroughly documented various clinical presentations in these patients, evaluated them for stage of disease and appropriate management modality available for that particular stage.Methods: This is observational study carried out in Department of General Surgery, Hamidia hospital Bhopal on 100 patients over period of 18 months from January 2016 to July 2017.Results: Obstructive jaundice is more prevalent in 5th and 6th decade of life and male to female ratio of 2:3. Abdominal pain (97%) and jaundice (81%) are two common presentations. Malignancy (68%) tends to be more common than benign disease (32%) and among malignancies periampullary carcinoma and advanced GB carcinoma occurs with equal frequency of 32 cases. 46% patients of malignant aetiology presented in stage IV disease. Curative resection for periampullary tumours by whipples procedure was possible in 14% patients. Operative palliation by triple bypass was done in 11% and others were managed by appropriate another palliative modality. Adeno-carcinoma is most common histopathological variant. Choledocholithiasis (28%) is most common benign aetiology and was managed successfully by choledocholithotomy and T-tube insertion.Conclusions: Awareness of common presenting symptoms of obstructive jaundice should be done so that the patient present early for diagnosis and curative surgery and thereby prolonged survival rate. Palliative procedures are commoner than curative resection due to late presentation.
Maqasid al-shariah: suatu kajian terhadap ijtihad Ali ibn Abi Thalib
Authors: Eficandra Eficandra 
Published: January 2018

Ijtihad conducted by Ali ibn Abi Talib continuously to understand in depth the purpose of Islamic law and reason for its implementation, and to realize maslahah (the public good) for human life on earth. This Ijtihad was always supported by nas the Qur’an’s and Sunnah’s text) and also according to the spirit of Shari’ah. The results of Ali’s ijtihad if linked with the approach and application of maqasid al-shari’ah (the goals and objectives of Islamic law) as the study of usul al-fikih (the methodology of Islamic law) had many similarities. In another sense, Ali ibn Abi Talib was really smart to understand and apply maqasid al-shari’ah in the five types of maslahah, namely faith or religion, life or human self, intellect, lineage or posterity, and property or wealth. Likewise, in the application of the five maslahah, levels and priorities in the form daruriyyat (the essential benefits), hajiyyat (the complementary benefits), and tahsiniyyat (the embellishment benefits) was always be considered by him. On the other hand, if there was a clash between one maslahah with another maslahah, Ali ibn Abi Talib solved it by consideration of the level and priority in the implementation of mas}lah}ah to be realized.
SUPPLEMENTAL DAMPING FOR NEW AND RETROFIT CONSTRUCTION*
Authors: Whittaker Andrew , Constantinou Michael , Sigaher Natali 
Published: January 2018

Supplemental damping (energy dissipation) hardware are being employed in the United States to provide enhanced protection for new and retrofit building and bridge construction. Such hardware includes displacement- and velocity-dependent dampers. The types of dampers being implemented in the United States at this time are presented in the paper. Guidelines and commentary to aid in the implementation of passive supplemental dampers in existing construction are included in the new resource documents FEMA 273 and 274: Guidelines for the Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings (FEMAThi, 1997). This paper introduces the FEMA 273 analysis procedures and outlines the modeling and analysis procedures developed for implementing supplemental dampers. Two new developments in the field of supplemental damping that will facilitate their application to stiff structural framing systems are the toogle-brace and scissors-jack damper configurations. These configurations are presented in the paper and their utility is demonstrated by comparison with conventional configurations for a sample single-story, single-bay frame.
Comunidades Pesqueiras, Etnoecologia, Ecologia Humana e Segurança Alimentar: uma revisão de conceitos, modelos e ensino
Authors: Begossi Alpina , Clauzet Mariana , Dyball Robert 
Published: January 2018

A literatura sobre incentivos para conservar a biodiversidade frequentemente sobrepõe processos e resultados. Há necessidade de revisar os principais resultados, como governança e co-manejo; os principais processos, como confiança, legitimidade e transparência; os principais ‘drivers’ (motivadores, fatores impulsionadores) que podem ser positivos (incentivos, segurança alimentar, biodiversidade) ou negativos (poluição, pobreza); como ainda os instrumentos disponíveis para alcançar resultados, como processos colaborativos e conhecimento local (‘local ecological knowledge, LEK’). LEK é sugerida aqui como tendo um grande potencial dentro de processos colaborativos em comunidades pesqueiras. Um Modelo de Ecologia Humana (CAT – Modelos de Adaptação Cultural), adaptado a comunidades pesqueiras de pequena escala, é usado como ferramenta analítica no sentido de organizar processos de ‘feedback’ entre informação ecológica, processos colaborativos e segurança alimentar. Ilustramos a colaboração com os pescadores através de pesquisa realizada em Copacabana (Posto 6), Rio de Janeiro, no estudo de garoupas (Epinephelus marginatus). Avaliamos ainda os motivadores positivos que podem engajar os pescadores no co-manejo, como PSA (Pagamentos de Serviços Ambientais). PSAs podem ser aplicados no co-manejo, como em MPAs (áreas protegidas marinhas) através de pagamento direto a pescadores que ajudem na vigilância dessas áreas.
Una intervención interactiva por medio de foros en el aprendizaje colaborativo
Authors: Barrera Capot Rosa , Montaño Espinoza Rosa , Marín Álvarez Pedro 
Published: January 2018

Este estudio analiza el efecto de un entorno colaborativo en el aprendizaje de estudiantes de primer año de enseñanza superior. Se elaboraron foros colaborativos, donde el estudiante participa en forma continua durante el periodo de duración de la asignatura. Cada foro considera aspectos relacionados al tipo de información del mensaje y el nivel de profundidad del aporte dado. Los resultados del foro al triangularlos con las notas finales obtenidas por los estudiantes, muestran que el efecto es positivo, además se observa que se produce una mayor profundidad en los mensajes, en aquellos estudiantes que han participado activamente en los foros, es decir, entre más foros participe el estudiante mayor es la profundidad que alcanza.
Hospital Mortality Among Elderly Patients Admitted With Neurological Disorders Was Not Predicted by any Particular Diagnosis in a Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Bacellar Aroldo , Assis Telma , Pedreira Bruno B. , Costa Gersonita , Nascimento Osvaldo J.M. 
Published: January 2018

Background:
Neurological disorders (NDs) are associated with high hospital mortality. We aimed to identify predictors of hospital mortality among elderly inpatients with NDs.

Methods:
Patients aged ≥60 years admitted to the hospital between January 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010 with acute NDs, chronic NDs as underpinnings of acute clinical disorders, and neurological complications of other diseases were studied. We analyzed demographic data, NDs, and comorbidities as independent predictors of hospital mortality. Logistic regression was performed for multivariable analysis.

Results:
Overall, 1540 NDs and 2679 comorbidities were identified among 798 inpatients aged ≥ 60 years (mean 75.8±9.1). Of these, 54.5% were female. Diagnostic frequency of NDs ranged between 0.3% and 50.8%. Diagnostic frequency of comorbidities ranged from 5.6% to 84.5%. Comorbidities varied from 0 to 9 per patient (90% of patients had ≥2 comorbidities), mean 3.2±1.47(CI, 3.1-3.3). Patients with multimorbidities presented with a mean of 4.7±1.7 morbidities per patient. Each ND and comorbidity were associated with high hospital mortality, producing narrow ranges between the lowest and highest incidences of death (hospital mortality = 18%) (95% CI, 15%-21%). After multivariable analysis, advanced age (P<0.001) and low socioeconomic status (P=0.003) were recognized as predictors of mortality, totaling 9% of the variables associated with hospital mortality.

Conclusion:
Neither a particular ND nor an individual comorbidity predicted hospital mortality. Age and low socioeconomic class accounted for 9% of predictors. We suggest evaluating whether functional, cognitive, or comorbidity scores will improve the risk model of hospital mortality in elderly patients admitted with ND.
The Prospect of Cluster Analysis’ Use to Obtain the New Scientific Results at the Example of Urotheliocytes’ Study in Experimental Diabetic Cystopathy
Authors: Popadynets Oksana , Yurakh Omelian , Tokaryk Nadia , Yurakh Galyna , Pukach Ilona , Osypchuk Mykhailo , Kolosov Oleg , Korzhovska Vita , Dubyna Natalia , Dmytrenko Anatoliy 
Published: January 2018

During the experiment on 70 adult male rats of the Wistar line the priority mechanisms of development of streptotrozotocin diabetic cystopathy were determined. It’s morphometrically and statistically proved that the imbalance of the systemic mechanisms of the functioning of the transitional epithelium of the bladder starts from the first stages of the development of diabetic cystopathy and is not restored to the end of the experiment; it is associated with a violation of the structural and functional balance between the uroletocytes of clusters 4 and 1 and clusters 2 and 3, as well as with a loss of urothelial bladder of morphological stratification.The general pathological processes accompanying the diabetic cystopathy of a bladder development were revealed. According to the results of histological, morphometric, ultrastructural methods, biochemical studies of blood and urine, determination of water balance and cluster analysis, the main systemic and non-systemic factors that cause the development of these pathological processes were established.
El vía crucis del migrante: Demandas, membresía e interlocutores
Authors: Vargas Carrasco Felipe De Jesús 
Published: January 2018

Los vía crucis del migrante son acciones colectivas contenciosas que poseen varias particularidades: son trasnacionales; protagonizados por personas migrantes en condición irregular que recurren al performance religioso para exponer sus demandas políticas; ocupan espacios públicos y privados como carreteras estatales y federales, plazas, vías ferroviarias, vagones de tren, parroquias y albergues de migrantes.Es por ello que en este artículo analizamos a los vía crucis del migrante desde el enfoque de la marcha política, dado que nos permite identificar la membresía del movimiento; sus interlocutores y audiencias; y sus demandas políticas. Lo anterior devela la emergencia de un movimiento social trasnacional que lucha por la defensa de los derechos humanos de las personas migrantes de tránsito por México.
Evaluation Medicine Availability Before and After NHI Implementation at Health Centers in Keerom District, Papua Province
Authors: Carolien Ivonie , Fudholi Achmad , Endarti Dwi 
Published: January 2018

The availability of medicine in health center is associated with medicine management system and should be supported by adequate and sustainable resource. The Implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) program will increase the need for medicine, to describe the medicine availability at primary health center before and after NHI, to identify the factors affect the availability, to compile solutions to increase the medicine availability at health centers in Keerom District. This research method was a descriptive. The data has been gathered based on observations to primary health center’s document of 2012 to 2015, for 35 indicator medicine, and interview with the medicine manager and the chief of health center, the manager of pharmacy district and the chief of health office at Keerom District. The data analysis was presented by charts, tables, and in narrative description. The results were the availability of medicine at the health centers in Keerom District, before and after NHI program was same, by category of supply was safe, but insufficient as health center’s need. The medicine availability was not appropriate with essential medicine list and illness, the expired and defected medicine still be found, and stock out time increased after NHI. In that period, the factors affect were, the demand process has not been optimal, insuffiecient and uneven distribution, lack of personel and inadequate supporting for drug distribution charges the solution proposed were, to improve knowledge and skill for medicine manager of health center, to plan pharmacist requirements, to set up medicine management information system, to do the integrated medicine planning and to provide the enough cost of distribution.
Standardized Transplantation Referral Ratio to Assess Performance of Transplant Referral among Dialysis Facilities
Authors: Paul Sudeshna , Plantinga Laura C. , Pastan Stephen O. , Gander Jennifer C. , Mohan Sumit , Patzer Rachel E. 
Published: January 2018

Background and objectives
For patients with ESRD, referral from a dialysis facility to a transplant center for evaluation is an important step toward kidney transplantation. However, a standardized measure for assessing clinical performance of dialysis facilities transplant access is lacking. We describe methodology for a new dialysis facility measure: the Standardized Transplantation Referral Ratio.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Transplant referral data from 8308 patients with incident ESRD within 249 dialysis facilities in the United States state of Georgia were linked with US Renal Data System data from January of 2008 to December of 2011, with follow-up through December of 2012. Facility-level expected referrals were computed from a two-stage Cox proportional hazards model after patient case mix risk adjustment including demographics and comorbidities. The Standardized Transplantation Referral Ratio (95% confidence interval) was calculated as a ratio of observed to expected referrals. Measure validity and reliability were assessed.

Results
Over 2008–2011, facility Standardized Transplantation Referral Ratios in Georgia ranged from 0 to 4.87 (mean =1.16, SD=0.76). Most (77%) facilities had observed referrals as expected, whereas 11% and 12% had Standardized Transplantation Referral Ratios significantly greater than and less than expected, respectively. Age, race, sex, and comorbid conditions were significantly associated with the likelihood of referral, and they were included in risk adjustment for Standardized Transplantation Referral Ratio calculations. The Standardized Transplantation Referral Ratios were positively associated with evaluation, waitlisting, and transplantation (r=0.46, 0.35, and 0.20, respectively; P<0.01). On average, approximately 33% of the variability in Standardized Transplantation Referral Ratios was attributed to between-facility variation, and 67% of the variability in Standardized Transplantation Referral Ratios was attributed to within-facility variation.

Conclusions
The majority of observed variation in dialysis facility referral performance was due to characteristics within a dialysis facility rather than patient factors included in risk adjustment models. Our study shows a method for computing a facility-level standardized measure for transplant referral on the basis of a pilot sample of Georgia dialysis facilities that could be used to monitor transplant referral performance of dialysis facilities.
Inequity Aversion, Incentives, and Personal Norms: The Effects on Budget Preparation and Use
Authors: Fisher Joseph G. , Mitchell W. Timothy , Peffer Sean A. , Webb R. Alan 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
We examine two features of control environments expected to affect the honesty of budget submissions by subordinates and their use by managers for planning purposes. First, we predict that subordinates' awareness of incentives available to their managers that they are not eligible to share in, is likely to induce inequity aversion and dishonest budgeting. However, we expect the egocentric bias will make managers insensitive to this increased dishonesty when using budgets for planning purposes. Second, we predict that making subordinates eligible to participate in incentives available to their managers will activate a personal norm of other-regarding behavior resulting in more honest budgeting. Third, we predict that managers whose subordinates are eligible to share in their incentives will recognize factors motivating their subordinates' behavior and, as a result, rely more on their budget submissions for planning purposes. Experimental results confirm all predictions. Implications for practice and research are discussed.
Disordered Eating Behaviors Are Not Increased by an Intervention to Improve Diet Quality but Are Associated With Poorer Glycemic Control Among Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Eisenberg Colman Miriam H. , Quick Virginia M. , Lipsky Leah M. , Dempster Katherine W. , Liu Aiyi , Laffel Lori M.B. , Mehta Sanjeev N. , Nansel Tonja R. 
Published: January 2018

OBJECTIVE
This study examines whether participation in an 18-month behavioral intervention shown previously to improve overall diet quality inadvertently increases disordered eating behaviors (DEBs) in youth with type 1 diabetes and investigates the association of DEB with multiple measures of glycemic control and variability.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Participants reported DEB and diabetes management at baseline and 6, 12, and 18 months; masked continuous glucose monitoring, HbA1c, and 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) were obtained concurrently. Linear mixed models estimated the intervention effect on DEB, the association of DEB with diabetes adherence and measures of glycemic control and variability, and whether DEB modified glycemic trajectories.

RESULTS
There was no intervention effect on DEB (P = 0.84). DEB was associated with higher HbA1c (P = 0.001), mean sensor glucose (P = 0.001), and percent sensor glucose values &gt;180 mg/dL (P = &lt;0.001); with lower 1,5-AG (P = 0.01); and with worse diabetes adherence (P = 0.03). DEB was not associated with percent sensor glucose values &lt;70 mg/dL or any measures of glycemic variability. There was a significant DEB × time interaction effect for mean sensor glucose (P = 0.05) and percent sensor glucose values &gt;180 mg/dL (P = 0.04). Participants reporting less DEB had a developmentally expected deterioration in glycemic control throughout the study. Participants reporting more DEB had poor glycemic control at baseline that remained poor throughout the study.

CONCLUSIONS
Findings show a potential to improve diet quality without increasing DEB and indicate an association of DEB with persistent hyperglycemia but not hypoglycemia or glycemic variability.
DAS NOETISCHE UND DAS ETHISCHE IN UNS MENSCHEN. EIN PHILOSOPHISCHER ESSAY
Authors: ZSOK Otto 
Published: January 2018

The noetical and ethical in us the people. A philosophical essay. In the following, the spiritual and ethical will be philosophized not only abstractly but in the context of the existential and living completion of human life. The noetic dimension or the spiritual must not be equated with mental processes. These only enable the spiritual, but do not cause it. Ethical action is an original, a specifically human phenomenon. Ethical awareness is an inalienable essence of human beings as homo humanus and homo noeticus.
Avaliação da distribuição estatística e elaboração de modelo de regressão múltipla linear da velocidade média do vento
Authors: Rosa Filho Cícero de Deus , Parisi Suellem Attila , Soares Willames de Albuquerque 
Published: January 2018

A escassez de combustíveis fósseis aliada à necessidade de reduzir a poluição levou o homem a procurar fontes alternativas de energia, como a eólica. Ademais, as mudanças climáticas podem influenciar diretamente na velocidade dos ventos, alterando seu comportamento. Dessa forma, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a aderência das velocidades médias dos ventos da região do Curado no Recife às diferentes distribuições probabilísticas, assim como determinar um modelo de regressão múltipla linear para essa variável. Para este trabalho foram obtidos dados da velocidade média do vento e de outras treze variáveis do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) para a região do Curado no Recife. Posteriormente, foi aplicado o teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (teste K-S) às distribuições probabilísticas Normal, Log-Normal, Weibull e Gama. Após analisar a amostra pelo método K-S, verificou-se que apenas a distribuição Log-Normal não aderiu ao teste, visto que seu resultado ficou acima do valor crítico, enquanto que a distribuição Weibull teve o melhor resultado. No estudo da regressão entre as treze variáveis e a velocidade do vento média, foram realizados testes de correlação, covariância, fator de inflação de variância e coeficiente de determinação para verificar possíveis relações entre essas variáveis. Os resultados de regressão linear múltipla mostraram que as variáveis velocidade máxima média do vento, evaporação do piche, precipitação total, número de dias com precipitação e insolação total, juntas, podem ser utilizadas como variáveis preditoras da velocidade média do vento devido ao bom coeficiente de determinação encontrado.