bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation II of Insecticides for Control of Tarnished Plant Bugs in Mississippi, 1995
Authors: Reed Jack T. , Jackson C. S. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Insecticides were evaluated at the Plant Science Research Farm, Mississippi State, MS, in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plot size was 1 row wide by 50 ft long with 7 unsprayed buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied on 27 Jun with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer equipped with a single Spraying Systems TX4 hollow cone nozzle and calibrated for 5 gpa at a pressure of 38 psi and a speed of 4 mph. Carrier of the insecticides was water, with an initial pH of 8.0. This trial was applied under very wet soil conditions, high humidity and steady wind conditions. The nozzle was held to allow the wind to drift the spray onto the plants with the upper third of the plant as the target. Plant bugs were collected the morning of application by sweeping wild flowers with a 15 inch diam sweep net. Fine mesh cloth cages were then placed on 2 plants per plot and fastened at the mainstem with ponytail holders. The plants with sleeve cages were cut and returned to the laboratory 24 h after infestation and examined for dead and live plant bugs. Because of threatening rain, instead of caging bugs on the plants, 4 leaf disks per plot were collected 48 h after spray application, and 2 leaf disks per plot 72 h after spray, placed in 11 X 50 mm petri dishes on moistened filter paper and infested with 5 plant bugs each. Mortality data from these petri dishes was taken at 96 h after insecticide application. Plant bugs not moving when prodded were considered dead.
Evaluation of Insecticide Combinations Against Boll Worm/Tobacco Budworm During Late Season in Louisiana, 1995
Authors: Torrey K. D. , Leonard B. R. , Fife J. H. , Pankey J. H. , Graves J. B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted at the Macon Ridge location of the Northeast Research Station. Cotton was planted 12 Jun in plots consisting of 4 rows (40 inch centers) X 50 ft. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times. Applications were made with a high clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 6 gpa through Teejet TX-8 hollow cone nozzles (2/row) at 46 psi. Insecticides were applied on 8, 11, 14, 18 Aug and 11 Sep. Treatments were evaluated by examining 50 flower buds (squares) per plot for evidence of BW/TBW damage. The plots were mechanically harvested on 16 Oct to determine seedcotton yields. The test area was irrigated by an overhead sprinkler “as needed” during the season, but not within 48 h of treatment applications. Rainfall was not a factor influencing treatment efficacy in this test. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and means were separated according to DMRT.
Control of Twospotted Spider Mite in Peanuts, North Carolina, 1995
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A field in Chowan County, NC, was selected to evaluate miticides for control of the TSSM. The field contained a wide-spread and uniform infestation making it an excellent site for evaluating products. Each plot was 10 ft by 4 rows (36 inch centers), arranged in a RCBD with 4 replicates. Treatments were applied on 14 Aug. A second application of Comite 73L and Saf-T-Side + Comite 73L was applied on 16 Aug. Treatments were applied by using a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa and using 8003 flat fan nozzles. Conditions at time of application were sunny and 90°F. Sampling and the second application of Comite 73L and Saf-T-Side + Comite 73L was moved to an earlier than recommended date due to the threat of heavy rains by Hurricane Felix. Mites were sampled on 16, 21, and 29 Aug by collecting 25 leaves per plot. The samples were placed into brown paper bags and returned to the laboratory in coolers with ice where they were brushed with a standard mite brushing machine and counted under a dissecting microscope within 24 hrs of collection. All data were tranformed (square root of X + 0.05) prior to ANOVA and DNMRT. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil, 1995
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiments were conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center at Beaumont. Experiment I was water-seeded rice with continuous flood. The experiment was designed as a RCB with 9 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft, surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticide. On 28 Apr, plots were treated with the herbicide Ordram 15G at 4 lb (AI)/acre and fertilized with 19-19-19 at 250 lb/acre (47.5 lb N/acre). Herbicide and fertilizer were applied by hand and lightly incorporated with a rake into League soil. Fipronil-impregnated fertilizer was provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. EXP60655A 1.65G was applied with a hand-held shaker jar. EXP60720A 80WG was applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screen), hand-held, CO2 pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 32 gpa. EXP60655A 1.65G and EXP60720A 80WG were lightly incorporated with a rake into the dry soil. Following these operations, plots were flooded on 28 Apr and hand-planted (water-seeded) on the same day with appropriate presprouted treated or untreated seed at 130 lb dry seed/acre. To presprout seed, dry seed was soaked in water for 1 d then drained for 1 d. Seed treatments were applied to presprouted seed according to instructions provided by Rhone-Poulenc Ag Company. On 7 May (9 d after planting) rice emerged through the water (flood depth was about 4 inches). Furadan 3G was applied with a hand-held shaker jar. On 12 Jun, urea was applied to all plots at 50 lb N/acre (97.6 lb N/acre was applied for the entire experiment). From 24 May-1 Jun (17-25 d after rice emergence through the water), 5, 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot, washed, and immature RWW recovered. Sampling was repeated 22-26 Jun (46-50 d after emergence through the water). At maturity (16 Aug), plots were harvested with a small combine and yields adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x+0.5 and all data analyzed by 2 way ANOVA and, where appropriate, DMRT.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Dimilin 25W, 1995
Authors: Way M. O. , Wallace R. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Experiments were conducted at the TAMU Agricultural Research and Extension Center Beaumont. Experiment I was designed as a RCB with 11 treatments and 4 replications. Each plot was 15 ft X 8 ft and was surrounded by a metal barrier to prevent movement of insecticides. Plots were drill planted (Midland silty clay loam soil) on 18 Apr at 75 lb Cypress seed/acre. Rice emerged 29 Apr (lid after planting). Rice was flush irrigated as needed until application of the permanent flood on 22 May (23 d after emergence). For weed control, Facet 50WP and Basagran were applied by aircraft on 11 May at 0.67 lb/acre and 1.5 pt/acre, respectively. Before application of the permanent flood, rice was fertilized on 22 May by aircraft with 110 1b N/acre and 40 lb P/acre. Urea was applied by aircraft at 60 lb N/acre at panicle differentiation (23 Jun). Therefore, a total of 170 lb N/acre was applied during the experiment. Dimilin 25W was applied with a 4 nozzle (tip size 800067, 50 mesh screen), hand held, CO2 pressurized spray rig. Final spray volume was 27.4 gpa. Furadan 3G was applied with a hand-held shaker. On 14 and 15 Jun (23 and 24 d after application of the permanent flood), 5, 4 inch diam X 4 inch deep soil cores (each core contained at least 1 rice plant) were removed from each plot. Rice plants in cores were washed and immature RWW recovered from the roots. Plots were sampled again as above on 3 Jul (42 d after application of the permanent flood). The middle 4 rows of each plot were harvested at maturity (28 Aug) with a small plot combine. Yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Insect counts were transformed using x+0.5. All data were analyzed by 2 way ANOVA and DMRT.
Apple, Prebloom Evaluation of Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Hull Larry A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two experimental and one registered insecticide were applied prebloom to evaluate their activity on a number of early season pests and to determine if honey bee activity at bloom was adversely affected. The experimental plot design was a RCB, with 5 insecticide treatments and a control, replicated 4 times. Plots consisted of 2-tree plots, 1 tree each of the cultivars ‘Yorking’ and ‘Golden Delicious’. The trees were planted at a spacing of 20 X 20 ft and were 22 yr old. Experimental sprays were applied with a Myers Mity Mist airblast sprayer calibrated to deliver 100 gpa at 2 mph. All treatments were applied at the pink stage (26 Apr) of ‘Golden Delicious’ development. A regular fungicide schedule (Dithane 75DF, Nova 40WP and Ziram 76WP) was maintained throughout the season. Post-bloom insecticides (Guthion 50WP) were applied at 1- to 2-wk intervals beginning at petal-fall in early May. Effectiveness of the sprays for RAA control was evaluated by counting the total number of RAA-injured clusters/tree and total number of injured apples per tree (both cvs) in a 5 min sample per tree for each variable. WALH was sampled by counting the number of nymphs present on 25 injured leaves per tree (cv ‘Yorking’). Also, 200 leaves per tree (cv ‘Yorking’) were randomly sampled for evidence of stippling caused by the feeding of WALH. Effectiveness of the test chemicals on the ERM was evaluated by counting the mites on samples of 25 random leaves/tree, 100 leaves/treatment. STLM was evaluated on 6 Jun by counting the number of tissue-feeding mines per 3 minutes around the periphery of the ‘Yorking’ tree/replicate. A sample of tissue-feeding mines was collected and the percentage of parasitized STLM determined. Honey bee sampling was conducted by making a number of 1-min examinations of each replicate tree during the blossom period. The number of blossoms on 2 tagged limbs per replicate tree was counted on 28 Apr and a measurement of limb cross-section area was taken. On 3 Jul, the number of apples that set on each tagged limb was counted. All insecticide treatments effectively controlled RAA with an application at the pink stage. WALH populations were lower on trees treated with BSN-2894. The high rate of BSN-2894 was more effective on STLM than Provado or Aphistar. None of treatments adversely affected honey bee activity during bloom or subsequent fruit set. Pest pressure was moderate.
Efficacy of Provado and Thiodan for Aphid Control, 1995
Authors: Alston Diane G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was conducted in a 2-acre 5-yr-old mixed ‘Delicious’, ‘Gala‘, and ‘Idared’ orchard with under-tree irrigation. Guthion 50W (2 lb form./acre) was applied for codling moth control on 2 and 16 Jun, 7 Jul, and 1 and 22 Aug with an air blast sprayer. The experimental design was a RCB with 5 single-tree replicates per treatment. There were two or more buffer trees within rows between treated trees. Dilute sprays were applied to runoff with a handgun sprayer operated at 150-200 psi. Per acre rates were based on application of 1 gal of spray per tree or 182 gal/acre. Aphids (alate + apterous) were counted in situ on the three most recently fully expanded leaves (minimum of 1 inch in length and edges completely unfolded) on three terminals per tree. Pre-treatment counts were made on 20 Jun. All aphicide treatments were applied on 21 Jun, except one follow-up Thiodan application on 10 Jul (19 DAT). Post-treatment counts were made 5, 12, 19, 26, and 34 DAT.
Evaluation of Admire for Tobacco Aphid Control on Connecticut Broadleaf Tobacco, 1994
Authors: LaMondia James A. , Rathier Thomas M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Admire was evaluated as a transplant water application to field-grown plants for control of the tobacco aphid at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Valley Laboratory in Windsor, CT. The soil type was an entic haplorthod (71.8% sand, 23.0% silt, 5.2% clay, pH = 6.0 and OM = 3.0%). Admire was applied at planting in 3.75 fl oz transplant water/plant to result in 0.178 lb (AI)/acre based on a planting rate of 6,800 plants per acre. Two-month-old seedlings of the broadleaf tobacco cvs Bl–B5 were transplanted on 3 Jun to rows 39-inches apart with plants 2-ft apart within rows. There were 5 replicate paired-row plots (70 plants per row) consisting of a treated row adjacent to an untreated row (water only). Plants were rated on 14 Jul and 15 Aug for apterous tobacco aphids (scale: 0 = no aphids or winged aphids only; 1 = few aphids per leaf; 2 = moderate infestation and 3 = heavy infestation). Ratings from treated plants were compared to adjacent untreated plants by the nonparametric Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Test.
Flea Beetle and Aphid Control with Transplant Water Treatments on Burley Tobacco, 1995
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Litton Jim , Brock Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southwest Virginia Research and Extension Center, Glade Spring, VA, to evaluate various transplant water and transplant seedling drench treatments for control of TFB and TA on burley tobacco. Tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots, 4 X 30 ft (1 row X 15 plants), on 23 May. Five treatments and an untreated control were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots were separated by single untreated guard rows and blocks were separated by 5 ft vacant alleys. Immediately after transplanting Orthene and Admire were applied in 8 fi oz/plant (340 gpa) using a bucket and a dipper. TA populations were rated on a scale of 0-7 where 0 = no TA, 1 = 1-10 TA, 2 = 11-50 TA, 3 = 50-100 TA, 4 = 101-500 TA, 5 = 501-1000 TA, 6 = 1001-5000 TA, and 7 = more than 5000 TA. Ratings were made for the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants per plot about once a wk from 7 to 10 wk after transplanting. TFB and TFB feeding holes were counted on 5 plants/plot at 7, 14 and 21 d after transplanting. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by WD (K-ratio = 100). Actual means are presented. TA populations were very low throughout the study.
Insect Control on Flue-Cured Tobacco with Systemic Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Dara Surendra K. , Wilkinson William B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This experiment was conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA, to evaluate TA and TFB control on flue-cured tobacco with various systemic insecticides applied as soil or transplant water treatments and to determine the impact of these treatments on tobacco yield and price. Twelve treatments and an untreated control were established in a RCB design with 4 replications. Plots, 4 X 40 ft (1 row X 24 plants), were separated by single guard rows. Pretransplant soil treatments of most liquid formulations were applied broadcast with a CO2-pressurized tractor sprayer that delivered 32 gpa at 30 psi through 8003LP tips on 8 May (ambient temperature 74–76 °F, soil temperature, 70 °F; soil pH, 5.7; OM, &lt;2%). Treatments were immediately incorporated by double disking. Band applications of Furadan and Temik were made during bed formation and immediately covered with 6 to 8 inch of soil on 8 May. Furadan 4F band treatments were applied in a 12-inch band using a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 16 gpa through an 8003E tip at 30 psi. Temik was applied in a 14-inch band using a tractor mounted-Gandy granular applicator. The soil was in excellent condition for both the pretransplant soil and bedding treatments. ‘K-326’ flue-cured tobacco was transplanted into experimental plots in a Chesterfield-Mayodan-Bourne sandy loam soil on 17 May. A measuring cup was used to apply transplant water (TPW) treatments of Orthene and Admire in 4 fl oz/plant (204 gal/acre) at the base each plant in the treatment plots. Virginia Cooperative Extension recommendations were followed for fertilization, topping, and weed disease, and sucker control. Dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) was applied for tobacco hornworm control on 28 Jul. The foliar application of Orthene was applied on 3 Jul with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gpa through 3 TX-12 tips at 60 psi. TA populations were estimated on the upper 4 leaves of 10 plants/plot about once a wk from 5 to 9 wk after transplanting. On 25 Aug, TA damage was rated on a scale of 0 to 10 where 0 = no signs of aphid damage and 10 = very severe necrosis of leaves and extensive sooty mold. TFB and TFB feeding holes were counted on 5 plants/plot. Tobacco was harvested as it ripened, weighted, graded by a USDA/AMS inspector, and yield was calculated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated by WD (K-ratio = 100). Aphid count data were transformed to Log10 (x + 1) before analysis.
Aphid Control on Tobacco with Mycotrol, 1995
Authors: Semtner Paul J. , Dara Surendra K. , Wilkinson William B. , David Paul 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two experiments were conducted at the VPI & SU Southern Piedmont Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Blackstone, VA, to evaluate Mycotrol, a formulation of Beauveria bassiana, applied as a foliar spray for control of TA on flue-cured and burley tobaccos. Flue-cured ‘K-326’ and burley ‘Tennessee 90’ were transplanted into experimental plots on 16 and 23 May, respectively. Two Mycotrol treatments, an Orthene 75S standard, and an untreated control were established in a RCB design with 5 and 6 replications for flue-cured and burley tobacco, respectively. Plots, 4 X 20 ft (1 row X 12 plants), were separated by 1 or more untreated guard rows. On 21 Jul, 5 untopped plants in each plot were selected based on TA infestations and marked with paint on the mid or lower leaves. Pretreatment TA counts were made for each plant. Plots were stratified into blocks of 4 with similar counts. Treatments were then assigned at random within each block. Treatments were applied as foliar sprays with a CO2-pressurized backpack sprayer that delivered 28 gpa at 60 psi through 3, TX-12 nozzles/row on 21 Jul. Temperatures ranged from 86-90 °F, the wind speed was 3-9 mph, and weather conditions were cloudy during application. A light rain (0.09 inches) fell 6-8 hr after application. Mycotrol was mixed according to directions using Silwet L-77 Silicone Super Wetter to enhance mixing. TA counts were made on the upper 4 leaves of the 5 marked plants in each plot before treatment and at 5, 7 (flue-cured), 10 (burley) and 14 DAT. Except for insect control, topping, and sucker control, standard tobacco production practices were utilized for fertilization, cultivation, herbicide and fungicide applications as recommended by VA Extension Service. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and significantly different means were separated WD test (K-ratio = 100). TA count data were transformed to Logl0(X+l) before analysis. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Tobacco Aphid with Transplant Solution Insecticides, 1995
Authors: Shamiyeh N. B. , Burgess E. E. , Roberts C. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Twelve transplant water solution insecticide (TWS) treatments were evaluated at the Tobacco Experiment Station, Greeneville. Burley tobacco ‘TN 90’ was transplanted into Hermitage silt loam soil, 2-5% slope, pH 6.0 on 17 May. TWS treatments were applied at time of transplant. Foliar insecticides were applied to plots when aphid populations reached levels where 10% of the plants had 50 aphids on any upper leaf. Plots were 20 ft X 4 rows spaced 40 inches apart and plants were spaced 18 inches within rows. Four randomized complete blocks were separated by 5 ft alleys. Foliar sprays were applied using a 2.5 gal compressed CO2 sprayers at 38 gpa and tank pressure of 40 psi to plots treated with Orthene TWS and requiring post applications on 6 Jul. The number of live aphids on the 4 uppermost leaves was recorded on 22, 28 Jun and 6, 13 Jul. Aphid ratings ranged from 0 (no evident live aphids) to 5 (heavy populations with necrosis of lower leaf bases on 20, and 26 Jul. Tobacco was topped on 26 Jul. All data were subjected to ANOVA.
Control of Ants on Golf Course Fairway, 1995
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Fifteen treatments were applied 11 Jul for control of ants at Indian Mound Country Club, Ossipee, NH. Plots were 7 X 15 ft, replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Granules were applied with a salt shaker. Mound drenches were applied with a 1 gal hand sprayer. Two fi oz per mound drenched these small mounds without significant runoff. Dusts were applied with a teaspoon. Broadcast sprays were applied with a CO2 boom sprayer, 8004 nozzles, at 40 PSI, in 2 gal water per 1000 ft2. After sprays dried, all plots were irrigated with 0.1 inch water. Plots were rated weekly. Conditions at the time of treatment were: air temperature, 64.4°F; wind, calm; sky, cloudy, soil temperature, 68.4°F; thatch depth, 0.1 inch; soil pH, 5.2; slope, 2%; soil texture, silt loam, sand, 47%, silt 43%, clay, 10%; soil organic matter, 10%; soil moisture 27.9%; post treatment precipitation, daily irrigation (0.1 inch).
Control of Green June Beetles on Golf Course Fairways in North Carolina, 1995
Authors: Hertl P. T. , Brandenburg R. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Four insecticide formulations were evaluated for control of GJB grubs on a bermudagrass fairway at the Quail Ridge Golf and Country Club in Sanford. Turfgrass on the site is mowed at 0.88 inch and has 0.25 inch of thatch. The soil was classified as a sandy loam with a pH of 5.6 and 0.51 humic matter. Plots 10 ft X 10 ft were established in an area with a history of GJB infestation and treatments (replicated 4 times) were randomly assigned to the plots. All insecticides were applied 31 Aug using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 8003 nozzle delivering approximately 30 gpa and operating at 40 psi. The test received 0.25 inch of irrigation following treatment. All plots were oversprayed on 5 Sep with a 4.8 lb Al/acre rate of Sevin 80 WPS and were evaluated on 6 Sep (6 DAT) by counting all the dead grubs on the surface with two m frames randomly placed in each plot. These dead grubs from the Sevin overspray are assumed to have survived the initial “test” treatment. The average number of grubs counted (per sq m2) in each plot are reported in the table. All data were transformed x + 0.5 prior to ANOVA and DNMRT.
Evaluation of Dursban, Sevin, Talstar, and Experimental Formulations for Management of Japanese Beetle Grubs on a Golf Course Rough in Carbon County, Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The turfgrass area consisted primarily of annual bluegrass (40%), Kentucky bluegrass (40%), and perennial ryegrass (20%). Treatment plots were 9 X 6 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 3 times. Granular formulations were applied with a hand-held shaker and mixed with a fine grade top-dressing sand to facilitate product distribution. At treatment time (22 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 74°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 82°F; soil temperature at 2 inch, 80°F; RH, 54%; amount of thatch, 0.375-0.5 inches; soil textural class, loamy sand to sandy loam; soil particle size analysis: 74.8% sand, 20.5% silt, 4.7% clay; organic matter, 23.8%; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 40.2; water pH, 7; soil pH, 6.2; application time, mid-morning; and clear skies. Immediately after treatment the experimental area was irrigated with 0.3 inch of water. Posttreatment counts were completed on 3 Oct. Three ft2 sod samples were taken from each replicate, and the total number of viable Japanese beetle grubs/ft2 was recorded.