bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentally Validated CFD Model for Gas-Liquid Flow in a Round-Bottom Stirred Tank Equipped with Rushton Turbine
Authors: Gradov Dmitry Vladimirovich , Laari Arto , Turunen Ilkka , Koiranen Tuomas 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHydrodynamics of gas-liquid flow in a round-bottom stirred tank is modelled at two gas flow rates, constant bubble size and agitator speed of 300 rpm. A round-bottom tank equipped with four baffles and a Rushton turbine was chosen to represent a typical reactor used in hydrometallurgical processes operating under pressure. The applicability of different momentum interchange models and the Realizable k-ε, SST k-ω, and RSM turbulence models was studied using CFD software. The results were compared and validated against experimental data from Particle Image Velocimetry measurements by means of liquid and gas velocity distributions. In addition, energy balance between power input and dissipation energy was compared for the different turbulence models. The CFD model was found to be in good agreement with the measurements. Of the turbulence models studied, the Realizable k-ε model showed best agreement with the measured velocity profiles. Popular drag force models proposed in the literature were assessed, as was the influence of inclusion of non-drag forces. Gas flow was found to affect the liquid phase flow in the tank by generating an additional secondary circulation loop in the upper part of the reactor.
Efficiency Improvements in Meta-Heuristic Algorithms to Solve the Optimal Power Flow Problem
Authors: Reddy S. Surender , Bijwe P. R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis paper proposes the efficient approaches for solving the Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem using the meta-heuristic algorithms. Mathematically, OPF is formulated as non-linear equality and inequality constrained optimization problem. The main drawback of meta-heuristic algorithm based OPF is the excessive execution time required due to the large number of power flows needed in the solution process. The proposed efficient approaches uses the lower and upper bounds of objective function values. By using this approach, the number of power flows to be performed are reduced substantially, resulting in the solution speed up. The efficiently generated objective function bounds can result in the faster solutions of meta-heuristic algorithms. The original advantages of meta-heuristic algorithms, such as ability to handle complex non-linearities, discontinuities in the objective function, discrete variables handling, and multi-objective optimization, etc., are still available in the proposed efficient approaches. The proposed OPF formulation includes the active and reactive power generation limits, Valve Point Loading (VPL) and Prohibited Operating Zones (POZs) effects of generating units. The effectiveness of proposed approach is examined on IEEE 30, 118 and 300 bus test systems, and the simulation results confirm the efficiency and superiority of the proposed approaches over the other meta-heuristic algorithms. The proposed efficient approach is generic enough to use with any type of meta-heuristic algorithm based OPF.
Sampling for variety
Authors: Miestamo Matti , Bakker Dik , Arppe Antti 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVariety sampling aims at capturing as much of the world’s linguistic variety as possible. The article discusses and compares two sampling methods designed for variety sampling: the Diversity Value method, in which sample languages are picked according to the diversity found in family trees, and the Genus-Macroarea method, in which genealogical stratification is primarily based on genera and areal stratification pays attention to the proportional representation of the genealogical diversity of macroareas. The pros and cons of the methods are discussed, some additional features are introduced to the Genus-Macroarea method, and the ability of both methods to capture crosslinguistic variety is tested with computerized simulations drawing on data inThe world atlas of language structuresdatabase.
Crosslinguistic categories, comparative concepts, and the Walman diminutive
Authors: Dryer Matthew S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn this article, I consider the notions of crosslinguistic categories and comparative concepts as they apply to a diminutive category in Walman, a language in the Torricelli family spoken in Papua New Guinea. I discuss three interpretations of the question of whether the Walman diminutive is a gender. One interpretation is the question whether the Walman diminutive is an instance of a crosslinguistic category of gender. I argue that this interpretation is problematic since it assumes the existence of crosslinguistic categories and I argue that there is no reason to believe that crosslinguistic categories exist, since the similarities among languages can be explained without appeal to crosslinguistic categories. A second interpretation involves a question of how the diminutive fits into the grammar of Walman, whether the diminutive should be considered a third value of a feature in the grammar of Walman which has two clear values, masculine and feminine. I argue that the evidence supports the view that the Walman diminutive is not a gender in this sense. The third interpretation is whether the Walman diminutive is an instance of a comparative concept of gender. But the answer to that question depends on how one defines gender as a comparative concept.
Crosslinguistic categories in morphosyntactic typology: Problems and prospects
Authors: Rijkhoff Jan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article offers a new, transparent method to construe morphosyntactic categories for crosslinguistic research. It avoids the problem of categorial confusion attested in major post-Greenbergian studies in morphosyntactic typology, in particular in probabilistic typological investigations, which tend to mix up semantic and formal criteria and marginalize “statistically insignificant” morphosyntactic variants. These and other problems are avoided by using functional criteria as the starting point in identifying comparable forms and constructions in different languages. Subsequently formal and semantic criteria are employed to arrive at a morphosyntactic category whose members are sufficiently similar in terms of function, form, and meaning.
Surface currents in the Porsanger fjord in northern Norway
Authors: Stramska Malgorzata , Jankowski Andrzej , Cieszyńska Agata 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We describe surface currents in the Porsanger fjord (Porsangerfjorden) located in the European Arctic in the vicinity of the Barents Sea. Our analysis is based on surface current data collected in the summer of 2014 using High Frequency (WERA, Helzel Messtechnik GmbH) radar system. One of our objectives was to separate out the tidal from the nontidal components of the currents and to determine the most important tidal constituents. Tides in the Porsanger fjord are substantial, with tidal range on the order of about 3 m. Tidal analysis attributes to tides about 99% of variance in sea level time series recorded in Honningsvaag. The most important tidal component in sea level data is the M2 component, with amplitude of ~90 cm. The S2 and N2 constituents (amplitude of ~20 cm) also play a significant role in the semidiurnal sea level oscillations. The most important diurnal component is K1 with amplitude of about 8 cm. The most important tidal component in analyzed surface currents records is the M2 component. The second most important component is the S2. Our results indicate that in contrast to sea level, only about 10-30% of variance in surface currents can be attributed to tidal currents. This means that about 70-90% of variance is due to wind-induced and geostrophic currents.
Climate projections in the Hornsund area, Southern Spitsbergen
Authors: Osuch Marzena , Wawrzyniak Tomasz 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide an estimation of climate variability in the Hornsund area in Southern Spitsbergen in the period 1976-2100. The climatic variables were obtained from the Polar-CORDEX initiative in the form of time series of daily air temperature and precipitation derived from four global circulation models (GCMs) following representative concentration pathways (RCP) RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 emission scenarios. In the first stage of the analysis, simulations for the reference period from 1979 to 2005 were compared with observations at the Polish Polar Station Hornsund from the same period of time. In the second step, climatic projections were derived and monthly and annual means/sums were analysed as climatic indices. Following the standard methods of trend analysis, the changes of these indices over three time periods - the reference period 1976-2005, the near-future period 2021-2050, and far-future period 2071-2100 - were examined. The projections of air temperature were consistent. All analysed climate models simulated an increase of air temperature with time. Analyses of changes at a monthly scale indicated that the largest increases were estimated for winter months (more than 11°C for the far future using the RCP 8.5 scenario). The analyses of monthly and annual sums of precipitation also indicated increasing tendencies for changes with time, with the differences between mean monthly sums of precipitation for the near future and the reference period similar for each months. In the case of changes between far future and reference periods, the highest increases were projected for the winter months.
The pleasure of the non-conceptual: Theory, leisure and happiness in Hans Blumenberg’s philosophical anthropology
Authors: Keiling Tobias 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe article discusses the place of leisure in Hans Blumenberg’s philosophical anthropology, focusing on “Theorie der Unbegrifflichkeit” (2007). According to Blumenberg, the tradition of philosophical anthropology unjustly reduces human rationality to the attempt of self-preservation. Not only is the actual process of anthropogenesis better described as led by a logic of prevention, not of preservation. Sedentary life, product of preventive behavior, not only secures survival but grants leisure as the condition of culture. Yet cultural practices, although an eminent product of human rationality, cannot be explained by the logic of either self-preservation or prevention. Blumenberg thus argues that within philosophical anthropology, rationality can best be explained in is orientation towards happiness, an orientation encompassing not only preventive, conceptual forms of reason, but also contemplative, non-conceptual uses, such as in myth and mysticism. As the condition for articulating a self-understanding more adequate than self-preservation or prevention, leisure thus assumes a central place in determining human nature. It is in leisure that rationality is experienced as a source of happiness.
Depiction and imagination
Authors: Benovsky Jiri 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDepiction and imagination are intimately linked. In this article, I discuss the role imagination (as well as inference and knowledge/belief) plays in depiction, with a focus on photographic depiction. I partly embrace a broadly Waltonian view, but not always, and not always for Walton’s own reasons. In Walton’s view, imagination plays a crucial role in depiction. I consider the objection to his view that not all cases of depiction involve imagination – for instance, documentary photographs. From this discussion, two points will emerge: first, we will see that it is an unnecessary mistake to insist too heavily on the fact that photographs are produced in a mechanical way (as opposed to, say, paintings), and second, we will see that the notion of “imagining-seeing”, as it is articulated by Walton, is perhaps too strong and does not entirely do justice to the external character of the role imagination plays here. Focusing mainly on photographs, I then illustrate the view I want to advocate by a series of different cases, where the nature of the role that imagination, knowledge/belief, and inference play in depiction will become apparent.
Hydrothermal synthesis of a new lead(II) borate (Pb4O)Pb2B6O14-II
Authors: Schönegger Sandra , Wurst Klaus , Heymann Gunter , Huppertz Hubert 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
A new centrosymmetric modification of the lead borate (Pb4O)Pb2B6O14 has been obtained as a side phase through a facile hydrothermal reaction from Pb(BO2)2·H2O, H2O, and KOH as starting materials. The compound (Pb4O)Pb2B6O14-II crystallizes in the space group P1̅ (no. 2) with the lattice parameters a=695.9(3), b=778.0(3), c=1408.3(3) pm, α=97.35(1)°, β=100.39(1)°, and γ=103.02(1)°. The structure consists of anti-parallel arranged B6O14 chains and isolated oxygen-centered OPb4 tetrahedra. The compound Pb6B12O21(OH)6 constitutes the major phase of the synthesis, as verified through a Rietveld analysis. The characterization of (Pb4O)Pb2B6O14-II is based on a Rietveld analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction data, and FT-IR spectroscopy.
Density Functional Theory Calculations, Spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-RAMAN), Frontier Molecular Orbital, Molecular Electrostatic Potential Analysis of 5-Fluoro-2-Methylbenzaldehyde
Authors: Iyasamy Sehar , Varadharajan Krishnakumar , Sivagnanam Sivakumar 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of 5-fluoro-2-methylbenzaldehyde (5F2MB) have been recorded in the regions 4000–400 cm−1and 4000–100 cm−1, respectively. Using the observed FT-IR and FT-Raman data, a complete vibrational assignment and analysis of the fundamental modes of vibrations of the compound were carried out. The optimum molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies and Raman scattering activities were calculated by density functional theory with B3LYP/6-311+G** basis sets. A close agreement was achieved between the calculated and observed frequencies by refinement of scale factors. Unambiguously normal modes of vibrational assignments have been made with the help of the GUASSVIEW 5.0 program and the potential energy distribution (PED) calculated by the density functional theory calculations. Natural bonding orbital (NBO) analyses were carried out to discuss the stability of the molecule. The molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map and electron density map were drawn and analyzed. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, the chemical shifts of hydrogen atoms and carbon atoms were calculated. The charge distribution, Mullikan atomic charge values and HOMO–LUMO energy have been calculated to explore the reasons for the change in biological activity. Furthermore, the first hyperpolarizability and the dipole moment of the molecule have also been calculated.
The Effect of a Carbohydrate Mouth Rinse on Upper-Body Muscular Strength and Endurance
Authors: Dunkin James E. , Phillips Shaun M. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Dunkin, JE and Phillips, SM. The effect of a carbohydrate mouth rinse on upper-body muscular strength and endurance. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1948–1953, 2017—Carbohydrate (CHO) mouth rinsing rapidly increases corticomotor output and maximal muscle force production, which could enhance muscular strength and endurance during resistance exercise. However, previous research has found no effect of CHO rinsing on muscular strength or endurance. The current study altered the CHO rinse composition and frequency and the muscular endurance test to further investigate the effects of a CHO mouth rinse on upper-body muscular strength and endurance. Twelve recreationally resistance-trained men (mean ± SD age 22 ± 1 year, height 179.2 ± 1.8 cm, body mass 80.9 ± 6.1 kg) completed a bench press protocol (1 repetition maximum [RM] test followed by repetitions to failure at 40% of 1RM) on 3 occasions. Subjects rinsed 25 ml of an 18% CHO solution or a placebo for 10 seconds before 1RM and repetitions to failure and completed a no-rinse control condition. Felt arousal (FA) was measured before and after each rinse, heart rate (HR) was measured before and after both exercise protocols, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) was recorded after repetitions to failure. Rinsing did not influence 1RM (p = 0.680,

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201707000-00024/inline-formula1/v/2023-08-19T002737Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.03), repetitions to failure (p = 0.677,

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201707000-00024/inline-formula2/v/2023-08-19T002737Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.04), or exercise volume (load × reps; p = 0.600,

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201707000-00024/inline-formula3/v/2023-08-19T002737Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.05). There were no significant treatment effects on heart rate (p = 0.677,

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201707000-00024/inline-formula4/v/2023-08-19T002737Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.04), FA (p = 0.674,

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201707000-00024/inline-formula5/v/2023-08-19T002737Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.04) or rating of perceived exertion (p = 0.604,

JOURNAL/jscr/04.03/00124278-201707000-00024/inline-formula6/v/2023-08-19T002737Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.05). A CHO mouth rinse does not improve upper-body muscular strength or endurance.
Selected teachers’ eating habits with regard to frequency of their physical activity
Authors: Szczepańska Elżbieta , Toczyńska Katarzyna , Janion Karolina , Stanuch Beata , Lenard Biruta 
Published: October 2016

WstępNauczyciele stanowią szczególną grupę zawodową, która zobligowana jest do przekazywania pozytywnych wzorców zachowań, także w zakresie prawidłowego odżywiania oraz aktywności fizycznej. Celem badań była ocena zachowań żywieniowych nauczycieli oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, czy istnieje zależność pomiędzy zachowaniami żywieniowymi a częstością podejmowania przez nich aktywności fizycznej.Materiał i metodyBadaniem objęto 459 nauczycieli. Narzędzie badawcze stanowił autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, w którym zawarto pytania dotyczące cech społeczno-demograficznych, wybranych zachowań żywieniowych, częstości spożycia produktów spożywczych oraz podejmowania aktywności fizycznej.WynikiNa spożycie 4–5 posiłków dziennie wskazało 51,6% pedagogów, którzy aktywność fizyczną podejmują rzadziej niż raz w tygodniu, 54,9% – raz w tygodniu, 58,5% – kilka razy w tygodniu oraz 66,7% – codziennie.
Codzienne spożycie I oraz II śniadania deklarowało odpowiednio 70,3% i 38,3% nauczycieli podejmujących aktywność fizyczną rzadziej, niż raz w tygodniu, 77,9% oraz 45,1% osób podejmujących aktywność fizyczną raz w tygodniu, 79,9% i 44,5% osób deklarujących aktywność fizyczną kilka razy w tygodniu. Najwyższy odsetek prawidłowych zachowań zaobserwowano wśród pedagogów podejmujących aktywność fizyczną codziennie, odpowiednio 81,5% oraz 51,9%.WnioskiZachowania żywieniowe badanych nauczycieli są zróżnicowane, przy czym najkorzystniejszymi zachowa-niami charakteryzowali się nauczyciele podejmujący aktywność fizyczną codziennie. Stwierdzono występowanie zależności pomiędzy większością analizowanych zachowań żywieniowych oraz częstością podejmowania aktywności fizycznej.
Can Automatic Classification Help to Increase Accuracy in Data Collection?
Authors: Lang Frederique , Chavarro Diego , Liu Yuxian 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Purpose
The authors aim at testing the performance of a set of machine learning algorithms that could improve the process of data cleaning when building datasets.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is centered on cleaning datasets gathered from publishers and online resources by the use of specific keywords. In this case, we analyzed data from the Web of Science. The accuracy of various forms of automatic classification was tested here in comparison with manual coding in order to determine their usefulness for data collection and cleaning. We assessed the performance of seven supervised classification algorithms (Support Vector Machine (SVM), Scaled Linear Discriminant Analysis, Lasso and elastic-net regularized generalized linear models, Maximum Entropy, Regression Tree, Boosting, and Random Forest) and analyzed two properties: accuracy and recall. We assessed not only each algorithm individually, but also their combinations through a voting scheme. We also tested the performance of these algorithms with different sizes of training data. When assessing the performance of different combinations, we used an indicator of coverage to account for the agreement and disagreement on classification between algorithms.

Findings
We found that the performance of the algorithms used vary with the size of the sample for training. However, for the classification exercise in this paper the best performing algorithms were SVM and Boosting. The combination of these two algorithms achieved a high agreement on coverage and was highly accurate. This combination performs well with a small training dataset (10%), which may reduce the manual work needed for classification tasks.

Research limitations
The dataset gathered has significantly more records related to the topic of interest compared to unrelated topics. This may affect the performance of some algorithms, especially in their identification of unrelated papers.

Practical implications
Although the classification achieved by this means is not completely accurate, the amount of manual coding needed can be greatly reduced by using classification algorithms. This can be of great help when the dataset is big. With the help of accuracy, recall, and coverage measures, it is possible to have an estimation of the error involved in this classification, which could open the possibility of incorporating the use of these algorithms in software specifically designed for data cleaning and classification.

Originality/value
We analyzed the performance of seven algorithms and whether combinations of these algorithms improve accuracy in data collection. Use of these algorithms could reduce time needed for manual data cleaning.
Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome: a rare cause of pneumothorax complicating general anaesthesia
Authors: Miranda Carmel 
Published: October 2016

SummaryA diagnosis of Birt‐Hogg‐Dubé syndrome, a rare hereditary disorder associated with pulmonary cysts and pneumothorax, was made in a patient who developed a pneumothorax following a general anaesthetic involving positive pressure ventilation. The syndrome is described as well as its significance to the anaesthetist.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation and subdural haemorrhage: complications from conservative management of placenta increta
Authors: Wong Jolin , Kon Nicolas Kam King , Tan Wei Ching 
Published: October 2016

SummaryConservative management of placenta accreta, though largely successful, can potentially result in significant morbidity, including sepsis or post‐partum haemorrhage. It can produce potentially debilitating consequences, including significant non‐obstetric haemorrhage. We report the rare event of disseminated intravascular coagulation with spontaneous concomitant cranial and spinal subdural haemorrhage arising from the conservative management of placenta increta. We discuss subsequent investigation and management to control the consumptive coagulopathy and prevent further neurological deterioration.
Is the fibreoptic bronchoscope an under‐utilised resource in the recovery room?
Authors: Gillan Claire , Fleming Ian 
Published: October 2016

SummaryWe describe a challenging patient with postoperative airway compromise who was successfully managed with fibreoptic airway evaluation. We believe that this is an under‐appreciated technology within in the postoperative setting. Greater awareness may promote wider clinical application and in turn avert potential patient harm.