bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of different lubricating oil on the adsorption/desorption process of fuel in oil layer in an SI engine
Authors: Kushwaha Garima , Saraswati Samir , Paul Bireswar 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA diffusion equation given by Fick's law is used to study the effect of different lubricants on adsorption/desorption process of fuel in oil layer that contributes to about 25–30% of total engine‐out hydrocarbon emissions in spark ignition engine. A comparative study is carried out between the six lubricants, namely, squalane (C30H62), SAE0W20, SAE10W30, SAE10W40, SAE10W60 and SAE15W60. The Henry's constant and diffusion coefficient are found to be the two most important parameters that affect the amount of fuel in oil layer. The Henry's constant dominates the adsorption/desorption process at high temperatures of oil, whereas at low temperatures, diffusion coefficient effect prevails. The percentage of fuel adsorbed/desorbed into oil layer is found to be dependent on engine speed, equivalence ratio and engine load. The results are found to be in good agreement with experimental trends of hydrocarbon emissions when tested on a single cylinder SI engine using the lubricants SAE10W30 and SAE10W40. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Protein‐like structure and activity in synthetic polymers
Authors: Cole Justin P. , Hanlon Ashley M. , Rodriguez Kyle J. , Berda Erik B. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe structure and activity of proteins is the gold standard for functional polymeric materials. This highlight seeks to calibrate the reader with respect to recent attempts to mimic the various structural and functional traits of proteins using the techniques of modern polymer chemistry. From advances in sequence‐controlled polymers (primary structure), to peptidomimetics, foldamers, single‐chain nanoparticles (secondary and tertiary structure), accessing the various structural aspects of protein chemistry is a vibrant research area. Likewise, the properties and utility of proteins in applications such as catalysis and molecular recognition are being emulated in the laboratory to great effect. Rather than provide an exhaustive review on any one of these topics, this article seeks to highlight the common thread among them, encouraging discussion and collaboration that will result in the next generation of smart materials with advanced structure and function. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 191–206
Distributed filtering and synchronization of diffusively state‐coupled heterogeneous systems
Authors: Lee Sang‐Chul , Ahn Hyo‐Sung 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis paper studies distributed
filtering‐based
ssynchronization of diffusively state‐coupled heterogeneous systems. For given heterogeneous subsystems and a network topology, sufficient conditions for the
filtering‐based
synchronization are developed with a guaranteed
performance. The estimation and synchronization error dynamics are obtained in a decoupled form, and it is shown that the filter and the controller can be designed separately by LMIs. The feasibility of the proposed design method using LMIs is discussed, and the main results are validated through examples with various setup. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Discovering the magic
Authors: Cetinelli Selin 
Published: October 2016

Inspiring transformation at Unilever CMI in a Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous WorldIn an increasingly fast‐paced environment with big data pouring in from all directions, using the word “tough” to describe the volatility, uncertainty, complexity and ambiguity of business context nowadays is probably an understatement. We are now faced with principles such as perseverance and well‐being as necessities in order to survive this VUCA world. So what does that mean for organisations and more importantly for functions like market research or consumer insight departments in how they operate and how they manage research? This article focuses on hos Unilever has managed to balance this with its consumer‐centricity and “insights engine”.
Human behaviour as an aspect of cybersecurity assurance
Authors: Evans Mark , Maglaras Leandros A. , He Ying , Janicke Helge 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere continue to be numerous breaches publicised pertaining to cybersecurity despite security practices being applied within industry for many years. This paper is intended to be the first in a number of papers as research into cybersecurity assurance processes. This paper is compiled based on current research related to cybersecurity assurance and the impact of the human element on it. The objective of this work is to identify elements of cybersecurity that would benefit from further research and development based on the literature review findings. The results outlined in this paper present a need for the cybersecurity field to look in to established industry areas to benefit from effective practices such as human reliability assessment, along with improved methods of validation such as statistical quality control in order to obtain true assurance. The paper proposes the development of a framework that will be based upon defined and repeatable quantification, specifically relating to the range of human aspect tasks that provide or are intended not to negatively affect cybersecurity assurance. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel feature extraction approach in SMS spam filtering for mobile communication: one‐dimensional ternary patterns
Authors: Kaya Yilmaz , Ertuğrul Ömer Faruk 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe importance and utilization of mobile communication are increasing day by day, and the short message service (SMS) is one of them. Although SMS is a widely used communication way, it brings together a major problem, which is SMS spam messages. SMS spams do not only use vain in the mobile communication traffic but also disturb users. Based on this fact, blacklisting methods, statistical methods which are built on the frequency of occurrence of words or characters, and machine learning methods have been employed. Because punishments and legal laws are not enough to solve this problem and the Group Special Mobile number of SMS spam can easily be changed, a content‐based approach must be proposed. Content‐based methods showed high success in spam e‐mail filtering, but it is hard in the SMS spam filtering because SMS messages are extremely short and generally contains many abbreviations. In this study, an image processing method, local ternary pattern was improved to extract features from SMS messages in the feature extraction stage. In the proposed one‐dimensional ternary patterns, firstly, text message was converted to their UTF‐8 values. Later, each character (its UTF‐8 value) in the message was compared with its neighbors. Two different feature sets were extracted from the results of these comparisons. Finally, some machine learning methods were employed to classify these features. In order to validate the proposed approach, three different SMS corpora were used. The achieved accuracies and other employee performance measures showed that the proposed approach, one‐dimensional ternary patterns, can be effectively employed in SMS spam filtering. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
All‐in‐one implementation framework for binary heaps
Authors: Katajainen Jyrki 
Published: October 2016

SummaryEven a rough literature review reveals that there are many alternative ways of implementing a binary heap, the fundamental priority‐queue structure loved by us all. Which one of these alternatives is the best in practice? The opinions of crowd‐pullers and textbook authors are aligned: use an array. Of course, the correct answer is ‘it depends’. To get from opinions to facts, a framework—a set of class templates—was written that provides a variety of customization options so it could be used to realize a large part of the proposed variants. Also, some of the derived implementations were performance benchmarked. From this work, three conclusions can be drawn: (i) It is difficult to achieve space efficiency and speed at the same time. If n denotes the current number of values in the data structure, ϵ is a small positive real, ϵ < 1, and
denotes the size of the values of type
in bytes, space efficiency means
bytes of space, and speed means O(lgn) worst‐case time per push and pop. (ii) If an array‐based solution is sufficient, Williams' original program from 1964 is still to this day hard to beat. (iii) Sometimes a linked structure and clever programming is a viable option. If the binary‐heap variant you need is not available at the software library you are using, reading this essay might save you some headaches. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Academic promotion packages: crafting connotative frames
Authors: Varpio Lara , St.Onge Christina , Young Meredith 
Published: October 2016

Among the challenges of navigating the promotion and tenure (P&T) process is the need to describe one’s career using the language of P&T expectations, while also framing that language to reflect the unique work involved in health professions education (HPE) scholarship. Drawing on the distinction between denotative and connotative meanings of words, we describe how the language of P&T standards can hold different meanings depending on how they are contextualized in the HPE field and the communities therein. To illustrate, we describe our experiences of adapting the language of ‘teaching’ to the expectations of the P&T committee while also reflecting the non-traditional ‘teaching’ we do in HPE. We also share three practical tips for navigating the P&T process: (1) find a local mentor, (2) craft the story of your expertise, and (3) seek feedback from your local stakeholders on the connotative story you have crafted.
Cognitive impairment and decline in cognitively normal older adults with high amyloid‐β: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Baker Jenalle E. , Lim Yen Ying , Pietrzak Robert H. , Hassenstab Jason , Snyder Peter J. , Masters Colin L. , Maruff Paul 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIntroductionThis meta‐analysis aimed to characterize the nature and magnitude of amyloid (Aβ)‐related cognitive impairment and decline in cognitively normal (CN) older individuals.MethodMEDLINE Ovid was searched from 2012 to June 2016 for studies reporting relationships between cerebrospinal fluid or positron emission tomography (PET) Aβ levels and cognitive impairment (cross‐sectional) and decline (longitudinal) in CN older adults. Neuropsychological data were classified into domains of episodic memory, executive function, working memory, processing speed, visuospatial function, semantic memory, and global cognition. Type of Aβ measure, how Aβ burden was analyzed, inclusion of control variables, and clinical criteria used to exclude participants, were considered as moderators. Random‐effects models were used for analyses with effect sizes expressed as Cohen's d.ResultsA total of 38 studies met inclusion criteria contributing 30 cross‐sectional (N = 5005) and 14 longitudinal (N = 2584) samples. Aβ‐related cognitive impairment was observed for global cognition (d = 0.32), visuospatial function (d = 0.25), processing speed (d = 0.18), episodic memory, and executive function (both d's = 0.15), with decline observed for global cognition (d = 0.30), semantic memory (d = 0.28), visuospatial function (d = 0.25), and episodic memory (d = 0.24). Aβ‐related impairment was moderated by age, amyloid measure, type of analysis, and inclusion of control variables and decline moderated by amyloid measure, type of analysis, inclusion of control variables, and exclusion criteria used.DiscussionCN older adults with high Aβ show a small general cognitive impairment and small to moderate decline in episodic memory, visuospatial function, semantic memory, and global cognition.
Which empirical model is best suited to simulate glacier mass balances?
Authors: RÉVEILLET MARION , VINCENT CHRISTIAN , SIX DELPHINE , RABATEL ANTOINE 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTBased on an extensive dataset of surface mass balances (SMB) from four glaciers in the French Alps for the period 1995–2012 and in the framework of enhanced temperature-index models, we investigate the sensitivity of seasonal glacier SMB to temperature, solar radiation, precipitation and topographical variables. Our results reveal strong correlations between winter SMB and precipitation, although the precipitation gradient cannot explain the high-accumulation rates. Based on the available point measurements, we found no relevant relationship between winter SMB and topographical variables. Temperature was found to be the main driver of ice/snow ablation while solar radiation was found to strongly influence the spatial distribution of summer SMB. We compared the ability of several enhanced temperature-index models to accurately simulate point SMB and glacier-wide MB. Our analyses revealed that the uncertainties in the simulated annual SMB due to winter SMB uncertainties are larger than differences between models and prevented us from concluding, which model is the most suitable. In contrast with results of previous studies, including solar radiation in melt models did not improve the performances when modelling glacier-wide MB. We conclude that a classical degree-day model is sufficient to simulate the long-term glacier-wide MB if the underlying processes are not required to be resolved.
Gender and Intergroup Helping: Forms of Prosocial Behavior as Differential Social Control Mechanisms for Women and Men
Authors: Abad-Merino Silvia , Dovidio John F. , Tabernero Carmen , González Ignacio 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe present research, drawing on the Intergroup Helping as Power Relations Model (Nadler, 2002), investigated the ways in which different forms of helping behavior can strategically affect responses to women and men who display socially valued or devalued characteristics. Participants read scenarios about concrete problems faced by a woman or man in need, who displayed positive (i.e., prosocial) or negative (i.e., antisocial) characteristics, and indicated the extent to which they would be willing to support small tax increases if that money were used to help address the target’s issues. The predicted Target Gender × Target History × Type of Support interaction, controlling for political orientation, was obtained,F(1, 149) = 6.49,p= .012, ηp2= .04. Participants tended to give less autonomy-oriented (i.e., empowering) help to a man displaying antisocial (vs. prosocial) characteristics,F(1, 36) = 3.39,p= .074, ηp2= .09.; they also tended to off more dependency-oriented (i.e., disempowering) help to a woman women exhibiting prosocial (vs. antisocial) qualities,F(1, 38) = 3.42,p= .072, ηp2= .08. The role of seemingly positive forms of social behavior as a mechanism for social control and the relation of helping to processes of group-hierarchy and system-justifying processes are considered.
Change in health status in COPD: a seven-year follow-up cohort study
Authors: Sundh Josefin , Montgomery Scott , Hasselgren Mikael , Kämpe Mary , Janson Christer , Ställberg Björn , Lisspers Karin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHealth status is a prognostic factor included in the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of our study was to examine the associations of clinical factors with change in health status over a 7-year follow-up period. In 2005, 970 randomly selected primary and secondary care patients with a COPD diagnosis completed questionnaires including the Clinical COPD Questionnaire (CCQ); and in 2012, 413 completed the CCQ questionnaire again. Linear regression used difference in mean total CCQ score between 2005 and 2012 as the dependent variable. Independent variables were CCQ score at baseline 2005, sex, age, educational level, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, heart disease, diabetes, depression, number of exacerbations in the previous 6 months, dyspnoea (modified Medical Research Council (mMRC)). Health status worsened from mean total CCQ (s.d.) 2.03 (1.26) in 2005 to 2.16 (1.37) in 2012 (P=0.011). In linear regression with adjustment for baseline CCQ; older age, lower education, higher mMRC and BMI below 25 kg/m2 at baseline were associated with worsened health status in 2012. When sex, age and all statistically significant measures were included simultaneously in the analysis of the main study group, higher mMRC and BMI below 25 kg/m2 were were associated with deteriorated health status (P<0.0001). A higher level of dyspnoea and lower weight were associated with worse health status in COPD. Strategies for decreasing dyspnoea and awareness of the possible increased risk of worsening disease in under- and normal-weight COPD patients are clinically important.
Measurement characteristics of the childhood Asthma-Control Test and a shortened, child-only version
Authors: Bime Christian , Gerald Joe K , Wei Christine Y , Holbrook Janet T , Teague William G , Wise Robert A , Gerald Lynn B 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe childhood Asthma-Control Test (C-ACT) is validated for assessing asthma control in paediatric asthma. Among children aged 4–11 years, the C-ACT requires the simultaneous presence of both parent and child. There is an unmet need for a tool that can be used to assess asthma control in children when parents or caregivers are not present such as in the school setting. We assessed the psychometric properties and estimated the minimally important difference (MID) of the C-ACT and a modified version, comprising only the child responses (C-ACTc). Asthma patients aged 6–11 years (n=161) from a previously completed multicenter randomised trial were included. Demographic information, spirometry and questionnaire scores were obtained at baseline and during follow-up. Participants or their guardians kept a daily asthma diary. Internal consistency reliabilities of the C-ACT and C-ACTc were 0.76 and 0.67 (Cronbach’s α), respectively. Test–retest reliabilities of the C-ACT and C-ACTc were 0.72 and 0.66 (intra-class correlation), respectively. Significant correlations were noted between C-ACT scores and ACQ scores (Spearman’s correlation r=−0.56, 95% CI (−0.66, −0.44), P<0.001). The strength of the correlation between C-ACTc scores and ACQ scores was weaker (Spearman’s correlation r=−0.46, 95% CI (−0.58, −0.33), P<0.001). We estimated the MID for the C-ACT and C-ACTc to be 2 points and 1 point, respectively. Among asthma patients aged 6–11 years, the C-ACT had good psychometric properties. The psychometric properties of a shortened child-only version (C-ACTc), although acceptable, are not as strong.
Hepatitis C RNA assay differences in results: Potential implications for shortened therapy and determination of Sustained Virologic Response
Authors: Cloherty Gavin , Chevaliez Stephane , Sarrazin Christoph , Herman Christine , Holzmayer Vera , Dawson George , Maasoumy Benjamin , Vermehren Johannes , Wedemeyer Heiner , Feld Jordan J. , Pawlotsky Jean-Michel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractApproval of Ledipasvir/Sofosbuvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) includes the truncation of therapy from 12 to 8 weeks in treatment naïve, non-cirrhotic patients with baseline HCV RNA levels <6 million IU/mL (6.8 log10 IU/mL). The aim of this study was to evaluate this clinical cutoff with a different widely used commercially available HCV RNA test. Results from samples tested prospectively with Roche High Pure TaqMan HCV 2.0 test (HPS) were compared to those tested retrospectively with the Abbott RealTime HCV RNA test (ART). Using 6 million IU/mL as the cut-off, pre-treatment results were concordant in 70.4% of cases. When results with the same test measured at screening and baseline, clinical decisions could be impacted in 14.4% and 6.2% of cases for HPS and ART respectively. Using only HCV RNA cutoff of 6 million IU/mL, 29.55% of subjects would receive a different and potentially incorrect treatment duration based solely on HCV RNA test method used. A further 6–14% of subjects would have treatment decision change based on the day the sample was taken.
Protease induced plasticity: matrix metalloproteinase-1 promotes neurostructural changes through activation of protease activated receptor 1
Authors: Allen Megan , Ghosh Suhasini , Ahern Gerard P. , Villapol Sonia , Maguire-Zeiss Kathleen A. , Conant Katherine 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMatrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of secreted endopeptidases expressed by neurons and glia. Regulated MMP activity contributes to physiological synaptic plasticity, while dysregulated activity can stimulate injury. Disentangling the role individual MMPs play in synaptic plasticity is difficult due to overlapping structure and function as well as cell-type specific expression. Here, we develop a novel system to investigate the selective overexpression of a single MMP driven by GFAP expressing cells in vivo. We show that MMP-1 induces cellular and behavioral phenotypes consistent with enhanced signaling through the G-protein coupled protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Application of exogenous MMP-1, in vitro, stimulates PAR1 dependent increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and dendritic arborization. Overexpression of MMP-1, in vivo, increases dendritic complexity and induces biochemical and behavioral endpoints consistent with increased GPCR signaling. These data are exciting because we demonstrate that an astrocyte-derived protease can influence neuronal plasticity through an extracellular matrix independent mechanism.
Imaging hydrogen peroxide in Alzheimer’s disease via cascade signal amplification
Authors: Yang Jian , Yang Jing , Liang Steven H. , Xu Yungen , Moore Anna , Ran Chongzhao 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIn brains of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels are significantly higher than that of healthy brains. Evidence suggests that, during AD onset and progression, a vicious cycle revolves around amyloid beta (Aβ) production, aggregation, plaque formation, microglia/immunological responses, inflammation, and ROS production. In this cycle, ROS species play a central role, and H2O2 is one of the most important ROS species. In this report, we have designed a fluorescent imaging probe CRANAD-88, which is capable of cascade amplifying near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signals at three levels upon interacting with H2O2 in AD brains. We demonstrated that the amplification was feasible in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, we showed that, for the first time, it was feasible to monitor the changes of H2O2 concentrations in AD brains before and after treatment with an H2O2 scavenger. Our method opens new revenues to investigate H2O2 in AD brains and can be very instructive for drug development.