bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complex new materials from simple chemistry: Combining an amino‐substituted polysiloxane and carboxylic acids
Authors: He Yong , Zhao Hui , Yao Miao , Weiss Richard G. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTChanges in rheological, adhesive, and swelling properties of quaternary salts, made by adding one of eight mono‐ or six α,ω‐alkanedioic acids (the latter with two to six or nine carbon atoms) to 6‐7PSil (a polysiloxane with 6%–7% of the monomer units contain a 3‐aminopropyl group) have been correlated with the salt structures. The simple acid‐base chemistry initiates drastic changes in the bulk properties of the materials that depend on the amount and type of the added acid. Thus, the quaternized forms of the 6‐7PSil have significantly enhanced viscoelastic and adhesive properties compared to those of the initial polysiloxane, and they can swell selectively liquids based on their polarity. Also, interpenetrating networks have been made in situ by photopolymerization of salts with vinylic carboxylic acids. DFT calculations on model systems consisting of dimethylammonium α,ω‐alkanedioate salts with two to six carbon atoms provide insights into the interactions responsible for the unexpected dependence of the properties of the 6‐7PSil salts on the chain lengths of the diacids. The potential for applying the methodologies described here to systems with other amino‐substituted polymers and other acid types is noted. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3851–3861
Oligomer‐Incorporated Polymeric Layer Framework of Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Effective Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: Wu Kwun‐Han , Huang Yu‐Jie , Teng Hsisheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a structural design of graphitic carbon nitride (CN) for use as an active photocatalyst in H2 evolution reactions. The active photocatalyst is synthesized by subjecting a CN sample to consecutive annealing and ammonia treatments. The CN sample is produced through urea condensation. The annealing treatment destroys the polymeric CN to form a defective polymeric layer framework incorporating 1,3,4,6,7,9,9b‐Heptaazaphenalene‐2,5,8‐triamine (melem) oligomers. The annealed CN exhibits a wide absorption range in visible light because the distorted structure causes conjugation of the π‐orbital with a nitrogen nonbonding state. The subsequent ammonia treatment of the annealed CN repairs the nitrogen vacancies and bridges the polymeric framework and melem oligomers. The repaired and bridged sample (N‐aCN) provides viable pathways for charge separation and transport, and active amino sites are introduced in the sample for electron injection in order to produce H2. When Pt is deposited, the CN and N‐aCN samples catalyze H2 evolution from aqueous triethanolamine solution at quantum yields of 3.7 and 17%, respectively, under 420 nm monochromatic irradiation. The high activity of N‐aCN demonstrates that the oligomer‐incorporated polymeric layer framework effectively harvests light and mediates charge transport in CN materials for photoenergy conversion.
Nontuberculous mycobacteria in cystic fibrosis: Updates and the path forward
Authors: Martiniano Stacey L. , Davidson Rebecca M. , Nick Jerry A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are troublesome pathogens that can cause significant pulmonary disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Diagnosis can be difficult in the setting of underlying CF and treatment regimens are burdensome on both patients and providers. Recent consensus guidelines for treatment of NTM in CF have provided a guide for the CF community, however research is lagging regarding accuracy of our diagnostic abilities and treatment efficacy. In this review, we provide new insights into the complexity of NTM from emerging whole genome sequencing data, a summary of current NTM diagnosis and treatment guidelines, highlight new treatment options, and discuss future research projects which aim to better define which patients to treat and timing and duration of treatment.
Mechanical Modifications of Paraffin‐based Fuels and the Effects on Combustion Performance
Authors: Tang Yue , Chen Suhang , Zhang Wei , Shen Ruiqi , DeLuca Luigi T. , Ye Yinghua 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn order to enhance the mechanical properties, 6 kinds of additives of stearic acid, polyethylene wax (A−C®6A), ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) were blended in the paraffin fuel. Mechanical properties of paraffin‐based fuels were investigated by mixing 5 % in mass of different additives and increasing the mass percent of A−C®6A and LDPE. In addition, the combustion performance of the so modified paraffin‐based fuels were tested by a 2D‐radial burner at Nanjing University of Science and Technology. The effects of additives on regression rate were analyzed by thermal performance test (melting point and DSC) and viscosity measurement. Overall, all the additives can improve mechanical properties and the mechanical properties are enhanced by increasing mass% of additives. A−C®6A revealed the best for improving compressive strength (64.0 % increase by blending 5 mass %), LDPE revealed the best for improving tensile strength (105.3 % increase by blending 5 mass %). For combustion performance, the regression rates of paraffin‐based fuels blended with stearic acid increased owing to the decreased melting points while the regression rates of the other five formulations decreased due to the increased melted liquid viscosity. The relationship between regression rate and viscosity is a power function which is not affected by additives at high temperature, thereby it is convenient to predict the regression rate by measuring viscosity.
Statistical learning for wind power: A modeling and stability study towards forecasting
Authors: Fischer Aurélie , Montuelle Lucie , Mougeot Mathilde , Picard Dominique 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe focus on wind power modeling using machine learning techniques. We show on real data provided by the wind energy company Maïa Eolis that parametric models even following closely the physical equation relating wind production to wind speed are outperformed by intelligent learning algorithms. In particular, the CART‐Bagging algorithm gives very stable and promising results. Besides, as a step towards forecast, we quantify the impact of using deteriorated wind measures on the performances. We show also on this application that the default methodology to select a subset of predictors provided in the standard random forest package can be refined, especially when there exists among the predictors one variable, which has a major impact.
Competency‐Based Education in Low Resource Settings: Development of a Novel Surgical Training Program
Authors: McCullough Meghan , Campbell Alex , Siu Armando , Durnwald Libby , Kumar Shubha , Magee William P. , Swanson Jordan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe unmet burden of surgical disease represents a major global health concern, and a lack of trained providers is a critical component of the inadequacy of surgical care worldwide. Competency‐based training has been advanced in high‐income countries, improving technical skills and decreasing training time, but it is poorly understood how this model might be applied to low‐ and middle‐income countries. We describe the development of a competency‐based program to accelerate specialty training of in‐country providers in cleft surgery techniques.MethodsThe program was designed and piloted among eight trainees at five international cleft lip and palate surgical mission sites in Latin America and Africa. A competency‐based evaluation form, designed for the program, was utilized to grade general technical and procedure‐specific competencies, and pre‐ and post‐training scores were analyzed using a paired t test.ResultsTrainees demonstrated improvement in average procedure‐specific competency scores for both lip repairs (60.4–71.0%, p < 0.01) and palate (50.6–66.0%, p < 0.01). General technical competency scores also improved (63.6–72.0%, p < 0.01). Among the procedural competencies assessed, surgical markings showed the greatest improvement (19.0 and 22.8% for lip and palate, respectively), followed by nasal floor/mucosal approximation (15.0%) and hard palate dissection (17.1%).ConclusionSurgical delivery models in LMICs are varied, and trade‐offs often exist between goals of case throughput, quality and training. Pilot program results show that procedure‐specific and general technical competencies can be improved over a relatively short time and demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating such a training program into surgical outreach missions.
ARE INTELLECTUAL VIRTUES TRUTH-RELEVANT?
Authors: Roeber Blake 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAccording to attributor virtue epistemology (the view defended by Ernest Sosa, John Greco, and others), S knows that p only if her true belief that p is attributable to some intellectual virtue, competence, or ability that she possesses. Attributor virtue epistemology captures a wide range of our intuitions about the nature and value of knowledge, and it has many able defenders. Unfortunately, it has an unrecognized consequence that many epistemologists will think is sufficient for rejecting it: namely, it makes knowledge depend on factors that aren't truth-relevant, even in the broadest sense of this term, and it also makes knowledge depend in counterintuitive ways on factors that are truth-relevant in the more common narrow sense of this term. As I show in this paper, the primary objection to interest-relative views in the pragmatic encroachment debate can be raised even more effectively against attributor virtue epistemology.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Matrine derivate MASM uncovers a novel function for ribosomal protein S5 in osteoclastogenesis and postmenopausal osteoporosis
Authors: Chen Xiao , Zhi Xin , Cao Liehu , Weng Weizong , Pan Panpan , Hu Honggang , Liu Chao , Zhao Qingjie , Zhou Qirong , Cui Jin , Su Jiacan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPostmenopausal osteoporosis (POMP) is a public health problem characterized by decreased bone density and increased fracture risk. Over-activated osteoclastogenesis plays a vital role in POMP. Here we developed a novel bioactive compound MASM (M19) based on sophocarpine. Although it showed no significant effects on osteogenesis and adipogenesis for bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro, it could significantly inhibit RANKL/M-CSF induced osteoclastogenesis through suppressing NF-κB, MAPKs and PI3K/Akt pathways in vitro and ameliorate bone loss in ovariectomized mice in vivo. Ribosomal protein s5 (RPS5) has been identified as a target of M19 and regulates PI3K/Akt, NF-κB and MAPKs pathways in osteoclastogenesis. Overexpressions of RPS5 synergistically inhibited osteoclastogenesis with M19 while silencing RPS5 compromised M19 inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Among the three pathways, Akt plays a major role in M19 effects. The Akt activator SC79 partially reversed the inhibitory effects on osteoclastogenesis by M19 and RPS5-knocking-down. It indicates that RPS5 serves as a potential candidate target for inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and osteoporosis therapy and M19 is a promising agent for POMP treatment.
Rapid Discovery of De Novo Deleterious Mutations in Cattle Enhances the Value of Livestock as Model Species
Authors: Bourneuf E. , Otz P. , Pausch H. , Jagannathan V. , Michot P. , Grohs C. , Piton G. , Ammermüller S. , Deloche M.-C. , Fritz S. , Leclerc H. , Péchoux C. , Boukadiri A. , Hozé C. , Saintilan R. , Créchet F. , Mosca M. , Segelke D. , Guillaume F. , Bouet S. , Baur A. , Vasilescu A. , Genestout L. , Thomas A. , Allais-Bonnet A. , Rocha D. , Colle M.-A. , Klopp C. , Esquerré D. , Wurmser C. , Flisikowski K. , Schwarzenbacher H. , Burgstaller J. , Brügmann M. , Dietschi E. , Rudolph N. , Freick M. , Barbey S. , Fayolle G. , Danchin-Burge C. , Schibler L. , Bed’Hom B. , Hayes B. J. , Daetwyler H. D. , Fries R. , Boichard D. , Pin D. , Drögemüller C. , Capitan A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn humans, the clinical and molecular characterization of sporadic syndromes is often hindered by the small number of patients and the difficulty in developing animal models for severe dominant conditions. Here we show that the availability of large data sets of whole-genome sequences, high-density SNP chip genotypes and extensive recording of phenotype offers an unprecedented opportunity to quickly dissect the genetic architecture of severe dominant conditions in livestock. We report on the identification of seven dominant de novo mutations in CHD7, COL1A1, COL2A1, COPA, and MITF and exploit the structure of cattle populations to describe their clinical consequences and map modifier loci. Moreover, we demonstrate that the emergence of recessive genetic defects can be monitored by detecting de novo deleterious mutations in the genome of bulls used for artificial insemination. These results demonstrate the attractiveness of cattle as a model species in the post genomic era, particularly to confirm the genetic aetiology of isolated clinical case reports in humans.
Spatial and temporal distribution of phase slips in Josephson junction chains
Authors: Ergül Adem , Weißl Thomas , Johansson Jan , Lidmar Jack , Haviland David B. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Josephson effect, tunnelling of a supercurrent through a thin insulator layer between two superconducting islands, is a phenomena characterized by a spatially distributed phase of the superconducting condensate. In recent years, there has been a growing focus on Josephson junction devices particularly for the applications of quantum metrology and superconducting qubits. In this study, we report the development of Josephson junction circuit formed by serially connecting many Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices, SQUIDs. We present experimental measurements as well as numerical simulations of a phase-slip center, a SQUID with weaker junctions, embedded in a Josephson junction chain. The DC transport properties of the chain are the result of phase slips which we simulate using a classical model that includes linear external damping, terminating impedance, as well as internal nonlinear quasiparticle damping. We find good agreement between the simulated and the experimental current voltage characteristics. The simulations allow us to examine the spatial and temporal distribution of phase-slip events occurring across the chains and also the existence of travelling voltage pulses which reflect at the chain edges.
Monitoring osteoarthritis progression using near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy
Authors: Afara Isaac O. , Prasadam Indira , Arabshahi Zohreh , Xiao Yin , Oloyede Adekunle 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate in this study the potential of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy as a tool for monitoring progression of cartilage degeneration in an animal model. Osteoarthritic degeneration was artificially induced in one joint in laboratory rats, and the animals were sacrificed at four time points: 1, 2, 4, and 6 weeks (3 animals/week). NIR spectra were acquired from both (injured and intact) knees. Subsequently, the joint samples were subjected to histological evaluation and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content analysis, to assess disease severity based on the Mankin scoring system and to determine proteoglycan loss, respectively. Multivariate spectral techniques were then employed for classification (principal component analysis and support vector machines) and prediction (partial least squares regression) of the samples’ Mankin scores and GAG content from their NIR spectra. Our results demonstrate that NIR spectroscopy is sensitive to degenerative changes in articular cartilage, and is capable of distinguishing between mild (weeks 1&2; Mankin <=2) and advanced (weeks 4&6; Mankin =>3) cartilage degeneration. In addition, the spectral data contains information that enables estimation of the tissue’s Mankin score (error = 12.6%, R2 = 86.2%) and GAG content (error = 7.6%, R2 = 95%). We conclude that NIR spectroscopy is a viable tool for assessing cartilage degeneration post-injury, such as, post-traumatic osteoarthritis.
Intrafascial versus interfascial nerve sparing in radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Weng Hong , Zeng Xian-Tao , Li Sheng , Meng Xiang-Yu , Shi Ming-Jun , He Da-Lin , Wang Xing-Huan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe present study aimed to systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the intrafascial and interfascial nerve sparing (ITR-NS and ITE-NS) radical prostatectomy. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for eligible studies. Meta-analysis with random-effects model was performed. Six comparative trials were selected and embraced in this research, including one randomized controlled trial, three prospective comparative trials, and two retrospective comparative trials. With regard to perioperative parameters, no significant association of operative time, blood loss, transfusion rates, duration of catheterization, and hospital stay existed between ITR-NS and ITE-NS. With respect to the functional results, ITR-NS had advantages in terms of both continence and potency recovery compared with ITE-NS. In reference to the oncologic results, the ITR-NS showed lower overall positive surgical margin (PSM) compared with ITE-NS but pT2 PSM and biochemical recurrence free rates were similar to the two surgical types. This study demonstrates that ITR-NS has better continence at 6 mo and 36 mo and better potency recovery at 6 mo and 12 mo postoperatively, regardless of the surgical technique. The cancer control of ITR-NS was also better than that of ITE-NS. This may be explained by the fact that patients in ITE-NS group present higher risk cancer than patients in ITR-NS group.
Traumatic Dislocation of the Pisiform Bone
Authors: Petrou Ilias , Savioz-Leissing Claire , Gray Anne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPisiform dislocation is a rare wrist injury. The limited literature available describes this pathology in the form of case reports. An immediate closed reduction and immobilization is indicated for acute injury while there is a debate in the management of cases with delayed diagnosis or failed closed reduction. In this case, a 32-year-old, right-handed man visited the emergency department with pain at the ulnar side of his left wrist after a fall. The initial management involved immobilization, and the patient was referred to the authors’ specialized clinic 10 days later because of persistence of important ulnar wrist pain. The choice of treatment was pisiform excision without ligament reconstruction with excellent functional results.
Economic Effects of the U.S. Food Safety Modernization Act
Authors: Bovay John , Sumner Daniel A 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA) substantially expands the authority of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to regulate fresh produce marketed in the United States. This article uses an equilibrium‐displacement framework incorporating stochastic food‐borne illness outbreaks to simulate long‐run market effects of FSMA using the North American fresh‐tomato industry as a case study. We demonstrate how, under FSMA, certain categories of suppliers will gain advantage over others. Growers and suppliers within the United States, and their buyers, are likely to gain relative to foreign producers and importers because FSMA imposes specific requirements for importers. Among fully regulated growers, large growers will benefit relative to small growers. Many producers have already adopted food‐safety standards that closely resemble the FSMA rules, and the cost of implementing the FSMA requirements for these producers will be much lower than for other producers.
MG-RAST version 4—lessons learned from a decade of low-budget ultra-high-throughput metagenome analysis
Authors: Meyer Folker , Bagchi Saurabh , Chaterji Somali , Gerlach Wolfgang , Grama Ananth , Harrison Travis , Paczian Tobias , Trimble William L , Wilke Andreas 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
As technologies change, MG-RAST is adapting. Newly available software is being included to improve accuracy and performance. As a computational service constantly running large volume scientific workflows, MG-RAST is the right location to perform benchmarking and implement algorithmic or platform improvements, in many cases involving trade-offs between specificity, sensitivity and run-time cost. The work in [Glass EM, Dribinsky Y, Yilmaz P, et al. ISME J 2014;8:1–3] is an example; we use existing well-studied data sets as gold standards representing different environments and different technologies to evaluate any changes to the pipeline. Currently, we use well-understood data sets in MG-RAST as platform for benchmarking. The use of artificial data sets for pipeline performance optimization has not added value, as these data sets are not presenting the same challenges as real-world data sets. In addition, the MG-RAST team welcomes suggestions for improvements of the workflow. We are currently working on versions 4.02 and 4.1, both of which contain significant input from the community and our partners that will enable double barcoding, stronger inferences supported by longer-read technologies, and will increase throughput while maintaining sensitivity by using Diamond and SortMeRNA. On the technical platform side, the MG-RAST team intends to support the Common Workflow Language as a standard to specify bioinformatics workflows, both to facilitate development and efficient high-performance implementation of the community’s data analysis tasks.
An acute care approach to functional abdominal pain
Authors: Krajicek Edward , Hansel Stephanie 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Functional abdominal pain disorders are commonly seen in the acute care setting and can be a source of frustration for patients and providers given their inherent chronic nature. However, an understanding of both the general approach to these disorders and the approach to specific common subtypes can help alleviate this frustration and lead to both short-term and long-term therapeutic success. This article describes the pathophysiology of these disorders and outlines a diagnostic and therapeutic approach to commonly seen functional abdominal pain disorders in adults.