bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combining resource use assessment techniques reveals trade‐offs in trophic specialization of polymorphic perch
Authors: Scharnweber Kristin , Strandberg Ursula , Marklund Maria Helena Katarina , Eklöv Peter 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTrophic polymorphism has found to be common in many taxa and is a suggested mechanism of ecological speciation. To characterize the trophic linkages of specific morphotypes of organisms as well as a time‐integrated niche use, several methods are available. In this study, we present data of multiple techniques to investigate the trophic divergence of Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) that displays well‐studied trophic polymorphism associated with littoral and pelagic habitats in lakes. We combined bulk stable isotope and fatty acid analyses on the muscle tissue of perch from three different lakes in Sweden with analyses of stomach content. By comparing the three methods, we aimed at providing a broad and highly resolved picture on the trophic divergence in freshwater fish. The degree in morphological divergence varied between perch caught in the three different lakes. Generally, perch caught in the pelagic zone were more streamlined compared to the ones caught in the littoral zone that had a deeper body, as shown by geometric morphometrics. The three diet assessment methods revealed different levels of information. Data on stomach content showed some preferences for specific dietary items in littoral and pelagic perch, but general trophic specialization could not be concluded due to the small sample size. Analyses of δ13C and δ15N, however, confirmed these results as a long‐term pattern connected to specific habitat use in two of the three lakes. Fatty acid signatures of perch reflected partly those of the prey items of the specific habitats. Although the proportions of the essential fatty acid 22:6n‐3 were lower in littoral resources, the proportions in littoral fish were similar to the ones caught in the pelagic zone. We concluded that although a fundamental contribution from littoral resources exists in littoral phenotypes, a minor reliance on pelagic prey items is obviously needed to provide essential compounds. Thus, by combining the methods to characterize direct resource use (i.e., stomach analyses) with others that utilize trophic biomarkers (i.e., analyses of stable isotopes and fatty acids), we were able to illustrate the degree of variation in trophic divergence of perch but also shed some light on potential trade‐offs that are related to resource specialization in freshwater fish.
Effectiveness of resettable energy dissipating devices in seismic response modification of elastic SDoF systems
Authors: Fardadi Mahshid , Jabbari Faryar , Zareian Farzin 
Published: August 2016

SummarySemi‐active variable stiffness resettable devices can reduce seismic demands and damages in structures. Despite their advantages, variable stiffness resettable devices are under‐utilized mainly because of the shortage of fundamental research in quantifying the sensitivity of key seismic response parameters, and losses, in structures that use such systems for seismic hazard mitigation. Within this setting, the research summarized herein measures the effectiveness of semi‐active resettable energy dissipating devices in the Single‐Degree‐of‐Freedom domain aiming at quantifying the sensitivity of their seismic response to variation in control parameters and generating the required knowledge to utilize such semi‐active devices in the Multi‐Degree‐of‐Freedom domain. The performance (i.e. maximum relative displacement and peak absolute acceleration demands) of Single‐Degree‐of‐Freedom systems with an array of semi‐active control logics under various dynamic excitation regimes is studied. Two sets of 40 ground motions representing various seismic loading conditions (i.e. pulse‐like and rock‐site ground motions) are used, and an efficient control logic for mitigating these seismic demands is proposed. Numerical results show that proposed control logic enables a decrease of 40–60% for both maximum relative displacement and seismic base shear and 15–25% decrease for peak absolute acceleration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Soil formation and weathering in a permafrost environment of the Swiss Alps: a multi‐parameter and non‐steady‐state approach
Authors: Zollinger Barbara , Alewell Christine , Kneisel Christof , Brandová Dagmar , Petrillo Marta , Plötze Michael , Christl Marcus , Egli Markus 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpatially discontinuous permafrost conditions frequently occur in the European Alps. How soils under such conditions have evolved and how they may react to climate warming is largely unknown. This study focuses on the comparison of nearby soils that are characterised by the presence or absence of permafrost (active‐layer thickness: 2–3 m) in the alpine (tundra) and subalpine (forest) range of the Eastern Swiss Alps using a multi‐method (geochemical and mineralogical) approach. Moreover, a new non‐steady‐state concept was applied to determine rates of chemical weathering, soil erosion, soil formation, soil denudation, and soil production. Long‐term chemical weathering rates, soil formation and erosion rates were assessed by using immobile elements, fine‐earth stocks and meteoric 10Be. In addition, the weathering index (K + Ca)/Ti, the amount of Fe‐ and Al‐oxyhydroxides and clay minerals characteristics were considered. All methods indicated that the differences between permafrost‐affected and non‐permafrost‐affected soils were small. Furthermore, the soils did not uniformly differ in their weathering behaviour. A tendency towards less intense weathering in soils that were affected by permafrost was noted: at most sites, weathering rates, the proportion of oxyhydroxides and the weathering stage of clay minerals were lower in permafrost soils. In part, erosion rates were higher at the permafrost sites and accounted for 79–97% of the denudation rates. In general, soil formation rates (8.8–86.7 t/km2/yr) were in the expected range for Alpine soils. Independent of permafrost conditions, it seems that the local microenvironment (particularly vegetation and subsequently soil organic matter) has strongly influenced denudation rates. As the climate has varied since the beginning of soil evolution, the conditions for soil formation and weathering were not stable over time. Soil evolution in high Alpine settings is complex owing to, among others, spatio‐temporal variations of permafrost conditions and thus climate. This makes predictions of future behaviour very difficult. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The performance of random CSMA networks with threshold scheduling
Authors: Bienenstock Aviad , Bergel Itsik 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe performance of wireless ad hoc networks is typically limited by the mutual interference between its nodes. Two of the best known approaches to reducing the mutual interference are medium access control protocols and smart power allocation schemes. Here, we analyse wireless ad hoc networks that utilize both the carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) protocol and the threshold scheduling (TS) power allocation scheme. The cost of utilizing these two techniques is evaluated by a common parameter: the probability of nodes to back off.We present a closed form analytic expression for the optimal division of the back‐off probability between the TS scheme and the CSMA in the low back‐off regime. This expression represents the trade‐off between the CSMA mechanism and the TS scheme and enables the evaluation of optimal performance. The derived expression shows that if the system density is optimized; that is, the system operates at its optimal‐user density, the CSMA approach has an advantage, even in the low signal‐to‐noise ratio regime. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐scale time integration for transient conjugate heat transfer
Authors: He L. , Fadl M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe quasi‐steady assumption is commonly adopted in existing transient fluid–solid‐coupled convection–conduction (conjugate) heat transfer simulations, which may cause non‐negligible errors in certain cases of practical interest. In the present work, we adopt a new multi‐scale framework for the fluid domain formulated in a triple‐timing form. The slow‐varying temporal gradient corresponding to the time scales in the solid domain has been effectively included in the fluid equations as a source term, whilst short‐scale unsteadiness of the fluid domain is captured by a local time integration at a given ‘frozen’ large scale time instant. For concept proof, validation and demonstration purposes, the proposed methodology has been implemented in a loosely coupled procedure in conjunction with a hybrid interfacing treatment for coupling efficiency and accuracy. The present results indicate that a much enhanced applicability can be achieved with relatively small modifications of existing transient conjugate heat transfer methods at little extra cost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FIRST‐GENERATION LATINA MOTHERS’ EXPERIENCES OF SUPPLEMENTING HOME‐BASED EARLY HEAD START WITH THE ATTACHMENT AND BIOBEHAVIORAL CATCH‐UP PROGRAM
Authors: Aparicio Elizabeth M. , Denmark Nicole , Berlin Lisa J. , Jones Harden Brenda 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThis qualitative pilot study examined first‐generation Latina mothers’ experiences of supplementing home‐based Early Head Start (EHS) services with the evidence‐based Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch‐up (ABC; M. Dozier, O. Lindheim, & J. Ackerman, 2005) program. Ten low‐income, first‐generation Latina mothers with infants and toddlers enrolled in home‐based EHS were provided 10 ABC home visits by a supplemental parent coach. Following delivery of ABC, mothers participated in in‐depth, semistructured, qualitative interviews about their experiences. Interview themes included positive experiences of both EHS and the ABC, a high value placed on receiving both programs, and cultural relevance of the ABC program for Latino families. Participants offered several suggestions for improved program delivery. Study findings suggest that a model of EHS supplemented by ABC delivered to the Latino community is feasible, valuable to participants, and culturally relevant. Considerations for sustainability of this supplemental model are discussed.
Living in the Shadows: Plight of the Undocumented
Authors: Aranda Roy 
Published: August 2016

The word “immigration” has become a household buzzword. The welcome sign on the Statue of Liberty that reads, “Give me your tired, your poor, your huddled masses yearning to breathe free,” however, is fading and has been replaced by many complicated conditions. What to do with the very large number of undocumented immigrants living in the United States and arriving at the United States every day commands considerable attention and has been the subject of breaking stories in the news. Working in the field of immigration demands an awareness of and sensitivity to diversity and cultural competence. Despite a “hot” sociopolitical climate when it comes to undocumented aliens and what to do with them, there are many ethical tenets that psychologists must be familiar with, among them rendering competent multicultural services. This article offers an overview of immigration law, the challenges of performing culturally competent assessments and consequences of failing to do so, and the plight of a particularly vulnerable group: unaccompanied children. Vignettes offer a personal look into the proceedings of 7 undocumented individuals in 4 major areas: asylum, hardship, U‐Visa, and VAWA.
General antibiotic exposure is associated with increased risk of developing chronic rhinosinusitis
Authors: Maxfield Alice Z. , Korkmaz Hakan , Gregorio Luciano L. , Busaba Nicolas Y. , Gray Stacey T. , Holbrook Eric H. , Guo Rong , Bleier Benjamin S. 
Published: August 2016

ObjectiveAntibiotic use and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have been independently associated with microbiome diversity depletion and opportunistic infections. This study was undertaken to investigate whether antibiotic use may be an unrecognized risk factor for developing CRS.Study DesignCase‐control study of 1,162 patients referred to a tertiary sinus center for a range of sinonasal disorders.MethodsPatients diagnosed with CRS according to established consensus criteria (n = 410) were assigned to the case group (273 without nasal polyps [CRSsNP], 137 with nasal polyps [CRSwNP]). Patients with all other diagnoses (n = 752) were assigned to the control group. Chronic rhinosinusitis disease severity was determined using a validated quality of life (QOL) instrument. The class, diagnosis, and timing of previous nonsinusitis‐related antibiotic exposures were recorded. Results were validated using a randomized administrative data review of 452 (38.9%) of patient charts. The odds ratio of developing CRS following antibiotic exposure were calculated, as well as the impact of antibiotic use on the subsequent QOL.ResultsAntibiotic use significantly increased the odds of developing CRSsNP (odds ratio: 2.21, 95% confidence interval, 1.66–2.93, P < 0.0001) as compared to nonusers. Antibiotic exposure was significantly associated with worse CRS QOL scores (P = 0.0009) over at least the subsequent 2 years. These findings were confirmed by the administrative data review.ConclusionUse of antibiotics more than doubles the odds of developing CRSsNP and is associated with a worse QOL for at least 2 years following exposure. These findings expose an unrecognized and concerning consequence of general antibiotic use.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 2016 127:296–302, 2017
Effects of Blockiness and Polydispersity on the Phase Behavior of Random Block Copolymers
Authors: Vanderwoude Gordon , Shi An‐Chang 
Published: August 2016

The effects of blockiness and compositional/sequential polydispersity on the order–disorder transition of random block copolymers are studied using a segment model of random block copolymers. Specifically, the copolymers are randomly assembled from a collection of equal‐length “segments,” while the characteristics of the segments are chosen according to the nature of the polydispersity. The phase behavior of the model system is examined using the random phase approximation. The critical points of the system are calculated over a range of blockiness and polydispersity for a variety of segment models. It is observed that the critical value of the Flory–Huggins parameter χ, above which the homogeneous phase becomes unstable, is inversely proportional to the blockiness. Furthermore, it is found that sequential and compositional dispersity decreases the critical value of χ, but that the effect of sequential dispersity is much weaker. At sufficiently large compositional dispersity, the random block copolymers can undergo macrophase separation. In this region of phase space, the critical point is entirely determined by the compositional polydispersity.image
An exact method for finding shortest routes on a sphere, avoiding obstacles
Authors: Washburn Alan , Brown Gerald G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOn the surface of a sphere, we take as inputs two points, neither of them contained in any of a number of spherical polygon obstacles, and quickly find the shortest route connecting these two points while avoiding any obstacle. The WetRoute method presented here has been adopted by the US Navy for several applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 374–385, 2016
Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to childhood asthma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Zhao Dong‐Dong , Yu Dan‐Dan , Ren Qiong‐Qiong , Dong Bao , Zhao Feng , Sun Ye‐Huan 
Published: August 2016

SummaryBackgroundAs for the association of vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to pediatric asthma, results of published studies yielded conflicts. A systematic review was conducted on the relationship between childhood asthma and VDR gene polymorphisms, including ApaI (rs7975232), BsmI (rs1544410), FokI (rs2228570), and TaqI (rs731236).MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, CBM (Chinese Biomedical Database), CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Wanfang (Chinese) database were searched for relevant studies. Pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated.ResultsOverall results suggested that there was a statistically significant association between ApaI polymorphism and childhood asthma in homozygote model (OR = 1.674, 95%CI = 1.269–2.208, P < 0.001) and allele model (OR = 1.221, 95%CI = 1.084–1.375, P = 0.001). Stratification by ethnicity revealed a statistical association in Asians (OR = 1.389, 95%CI = 1.178–1.638, P < 0.001). There was some evidence of an association between BsmI polymorphism and childhood asthma in the homozygote (OR = 1.462, 95%CI = 1.016–2.105, P = 0.041) and allele models (OR = 1.181, 95%CI = 1.006–1.386, P = 0.042). This association reached significance only in the Caucasian group (OR = 1.236, 95%CI = 1.029–1.485, P = 0.023). For FokI, a statistical association was detected in dominant model (OR = 1.281, 95%CI = 1.055–1.555, P = 0.012); this association was significant in allele model (OR = 1.591, 95%CI = 1.052–2.405, P = 0.028) in Caucasian.ConclusionApaI polymorphism plays a particular role in childhood asthma in Asians. FokI polymorphism may be connected with pediatric asthma in Caucasian population. And BsmI polymorphism marginally contributes to childhood asthma susceptibility, while there might be no association between TaqI polymorphism and childhood asthma risk. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2017;52:423–429. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Semiconducting response in single‐walled carbon nanotubes filled with cadmium chloride
Authors: Kharlamova Marianna V. , Kramberger Christian , Pichler Thomas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHere, we report on filling of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with cadmium chloride by a capillary filling method. Changes in the electronic properties of the filled nanotubes were traced by multifrequency Raman spectroscopy using seven excitation laser wavelengths. A detailed analysis of the Raman response of pristine and filled nanotubes was conducted. The fitting of the Raman spectra of either type of SWCNT material allowed comparing the modifications in the electronic structure of the filled SWCNTs with certain diameters. The encapsulated cadmium chloride led to dominating semiconducting and suppressed metallic characteristics in the spectroscopic response of the filled SWCNTs.
Manipulation of ubiquitin/SUMO pathways in human herpesviruses infection
Authors: Gan Jin , Qiao Niu , Strahan Roxanne , Zhu Caixia , Liu Lei , Verma Subhash C. , Wei Fang , Cai Qiliang 
Published: August 2016

SummaryPost‐translational modification of proteins with ubiquitin/small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) molecules triggers multiple signaling pathways that are critical for many aspects of cellular physiology. Given that viruses hijack the biosynthetic and degradative systems of their host, it is not surprising that viruses encode proteins to manipulate the host's cellular machinery for ubiquitin/SUMO modification at multiple levels. Infection with a herpesvirus, among the most ubiquitous human DNA viruses, has been linked to many human diseases, including cancers. The interplay between human herpesviruses and the ubiquitylation/SUMOylation modification system has been extensively investigated in the past decade. In this review, we present an overview of recent advances to address how the ubiquitin/SUMO–modified system alters the latency and lytic replication of herpesvirus and how herpesviruses usurp the ubiquitin/SUMO pathways against the host's intrinsic and innate immune response to favor their pathogenesis.
Cerebroplacental ratio in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Gibbons A. , Flatley C. , Kumar S. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess the relationship between the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) and intrapartum and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of women with a non‐anomalous singleton pregnancy diagnosed with GDM who delivered at Mater Mothers' Hospital between 2007 and 2015. CPR was measured in 1089 cases between 34 + 0 and 36 + 6 weeks' gestation. CPR values were compared between groups categorized according to GDM treatment (by diet, oral hypoglycemic agent (OHA) or insulin). The association between CPR and intrapartum and perinatal outcomes was evaluated.ResultsNo difference in CPR was observed between treatment groups. Fetuses with CPR < 10th centile were significantly more likely to have adverse composite perinatal outcome (odds ratio (OR) = 2.93 (95% CI, 1.95–4.40)), preterm delivery and low birth weight than fetuses with CPR ≥ 10th centile (all P < 0.001). These associations were present regardless of the type of GDM treatment. Fetuses of women with insulin‐controlled GDM had poorer neonatal outcomes than did fetuses of women treated with OHA or dietary control alone. The risk of adverse outcome was significantly increased in the insulin‐treated group (OR = 1.75 (95% CI, 1.34–2.28); P < 0.001), which also had higher rates of preterm delivery and higher birth weight.ConclusionRegardless of the type of treatment, a low CPR is associated with poorer neonatal outcome in women with GDM. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Accuracy of first‐trimester combined test in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13
Authors: Santorum M. , Wright D. , Syngelaki A. , Karagioti N. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo examine the diagnostic accuracy of a previously developed model for the first‐trimester combined test in screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13.MethodsThis was a prospective validation study of screening for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 by assessment of a combination of maternal age, fetal nuchal translucency, fetal heart rate and serum free β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) and pregnancy‐associated plasma protein‐A (PAPP‐A) at 11 + 0 to 13 + 6 weeks' gestation in 108 982 singleton pregnancies undergoing routine care in three maternity hospitals. A previously published algorithm was used to calculate patient‐specific risks for trisomy 21, 18 and 13 in each patient. The detection rate (DR) and false‐positive rate (FPR) at estimated risk cut‐offs from 1 in 2 to 1 in 1000 were determined. The proportions of trisomies detected were compared to their expected values in different risk groups.ResultsIn the study population, there were 108 112 (99.2%) cases with normal fetal karyotype or birth of a phenotypically normal neonate and 870 (0.8%) cases with abnormal karyotype, including trisomy 21 (n = 432), trisomy 18 (n = 166), trisomy 13 (n = 56), monosomy X (n = 63), triploidy (n = 35) or other aneuploidy (n = 118). The screen‐positive rates, standardized according to the maternal age distribution in England and Wales in 2011, of fetuses with abnormal or normal karyotype were compatible with those predicted from the previous model; at a risk cut‐off of 1 in 100, the FPR was about 4% and the DRs for trisomies 21, 18 and 13 were 90%, 97% and 92%, respectively. There was evidence that the algorithm overestimated risk. This could, to some degree, reflect under‐ascertainment in pregnancies ending in miscarriage or stillbirth.ConclusionIn a prospective validation study, the first‐trimester combined test detected 90%, 97% and 92% of trisomies 21, 18 and 13, respectively, as well as > 95% of cases of monosomy X and triploidies and > 50% of other chromosomal abnormalities, at a FPR of 4%. Copyright © 2016 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.