bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bacterial exopolysaccharides for corrosion resistance on low carbon steel
Authors: Finkenstadt Victoria L. , Bucur Claudiu B. , Côté Gregory L. , Evans Kervin O. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTCorrosion is a global issue that affects safety and economics. There is an increasing demand for bio‐based polymers for industrial applications and production of polymers by micro‐organisms is especially attractive. This work reports on the electrochemical and physical properties of exopolysaccharides produced from lactic acid bacteria and their suitability as anti‐corrosive coatings. Bacterial exopolysaccharide coatings protected low carbon steel from corrosion by reducing ionic diffusion rates and maintaining a relatively passive metal‐coating interface. The data suggest the kinetics of film deposition are fast (<5 min) and there is little excess (loosely bound) material when hydrated. Measurements show thin (50 nm) coatings that when exposed to water exhibit self‐repairing phenomenon. The corrosion protection offered by the coatings is reported as the corrosion rate calculated from the corrosion current obtained by electrochemical impedance and polarization spectroscopy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45032.
Chitosan–graphene oxide nanocomposites: Effect of graphene oxide nanosheets and glycerol plasticizer on thermal and mechanical properties
Authors: Cobos Mónica , González Bernardina , Fernández M. Jesús , Fernández M. Dolores 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, graphite oxide (GO) is synthesized from natural graphite flakes by the modified Hummers method. Characterization by Fourier transform infrared, X‐ray photoelectron, Raman and ultraviolet‐visible spectroscopies, X‐ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis is conducted on GO to confirm the oxidation of graphite. Unplasticized and glycerol plasticized chitosan/graphene oxide (CS/GO) nanosheets nanocomposites with different GO loadings are prepared by solution casting. The combined effect of GO and glycerol on structure, thermal and mechanical properties of nanocomposite films is studied. GO nanosheets are well dispersed throughout the CS matrix due to the hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions between CS and GO nanosheets. The incorporation of GO within the CS matrix results in a decrease of the crystallinity, an improvement of thermal stability, and a significant enhancement of the stiffness and tensile strength that is emphasized by the glycerol. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45092.
A quantitative evaluation method of the barrier property of the residue for flame retardant polymers
Authors: Chen Wenhua , Ma Xin , Liu Yuansen , Liu Pengju , Liu Yuan , Wang Qi 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTTo investigate the flame retardant properties and mechanisms of those fire retardant polymer systems that mainly depend on the produced protective char shields, quantitative analysis for the barrier quality of the char layer is important but still a challenge. In the present article, a novel and simple characterization method based on atmosphere permeability is proposed to quantitatively evaluate the barrier property: an incombustible fabric carrier coated with the flame retardant polymer solution, is carbonized at high temperature to make the produced char residue adhered to the fabric. As the interfibrous gaps are filled and closed by the chars, the atmosphere permeability of the heated fabric decreases compared with that of original one. Their difference value can really reflect the contribution of the charring residue to the barrier property. This method combined with other characterizations including residue morphology observation, vertical burning test, limiting oxygen index, and calorimetric analysis, is very helpful to reveal the correlation between the flame retardance and barrier property of the char residue, evaluate the flame retardant efficiency in the condense phase, and estimate the corresponding flame retardant mechanisms. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45102.
The Sacral Autonomic Outflow Is Spinal, but Not “Sympathetic”
Authors: Neuhuber Winfried , Mclachlan Elspeth , Jänig Wilfrid 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTA recent article published in a high‐profile journal proposed to reclassify the sacral autonomic outflow as being part of the sympathetic system. In this commentary, arguments against this erroneous proposal are provided. Anat Rec, 300:1369–1370, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evolving trends in mAb production processes
Authors: Shukla Abhinav A. , Wolfe Leslie S. , Mostafa Sigma S. , Norman Carnley 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have established themselves as the leading biopharmaceutical therapeutic modality. The establishment of robust manufacturing platforms are key for antibody drug discovery efforts to seamlessly translate into clinical and commercial successes. Several drivers are influencing the design of mAb manufacturing processes. The advent of biosimilars is driving a desire to achieve lower cost of goods and globalize biologics manufacturing. High titers are now routinely achieved for mAbs in mammalian cell culture. These drivers have resulted in significant evolution in process platform approaches. Additionally, several new trends in bioprocessing have arisen in keeping with these needs. These include the consideration of alternative expression systems, continuous biomanufacturing and non‐chromatographic separation formats. This paper discusses these drivers in the context of the kinds of changes they are driving in mAb production processes.
Head‐to‐Head Prenyl Synthases in Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Schwalen Christopher J. , Feng Xinxin , Liu Weidong , O‐Dowd Bing , Ko Tzu‐Ping , Shin Christopher J. , Guo Rey‐Ting , Mitchell Douglas A. , Oldfield Eric 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMany organisms contain head‐to‐head isoprenoid synthases; we investigated three such types of enzymes from the pathogens Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Enterococcus hirae. The E. hirae enzyme was found to produce dehydrosqualene, and we solved an inhibitor‐bound structure that revealed a fold similar to that of CrtM from Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, the homologous proteins from Neisseria spp. carried out only the first half of the reaction, yielding presqualene diphosphate (PSPP). Based on product analyses, bioinformatics, and mutagenesis, we concluded that the Neisseria proteins were HpnDs (PSPP synthases). The differences in chemical reactivity to CrtM were due, at least in part, to the presence of a PSPP‐stabilizing arginine in the HpnDs, decreasing the rate of dehydrosqualene biosynthesis. These results show that not only S. aureus but also other bacterial pathogens contain head‐to‐head prenyl synthases, although their biological functions remain to be elucidated.
Closing the gap
Authors: Ahmad Saba , Gray William A. 
Published: March 2017

Key Points

The field of left atrial appendage occlusion is relatively new and continues to evolve
This study is a good but small non‐randomized assessment of two devices which have not been previously compared
Multiple management questions regarding patients with contraindications to anticoagulation, minimizing, and understanding the importance of late leaks, etc will hopefully be addressed with larger randomized trials
Therapeutic Intervention for Pulmonary Embolism: Show me the data!
Authors: Young Michael N. , Rosenfield Kenneth 
Published: March 2017

Key Points

Catheter‐directed thrombolysis (CDT) for high‐risk PE has a relatively safe profile in regards to bleeding and vascular complications
Meta‐analysis of non‐randomized reports of CDT use reveals low rate of intracranial hemorrhage (0.35%), which is lower than for Systemic Lysis
Further prospective randomized trials or larger scale registries—such as those proposed by the PERT Consortium—will provide a more complete evidence base regarding optimal treatment for individual patients with pulmonary embolism
Women and men, the same and different
Authors: Oleck Sylvia , Reilly John P. 
Published: March 2017

Key Points

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among men and women in the United States, yet are treated differently.
Women under the age of 55 in the PROMETHEUS study had more comorbidities than men, and worse outcomes, yet received less aggressive anti‐ischemic therapy.
Increased enrollment of women in trials may illuminate the gender gap in the treatment of patients with ACS.
A Facile One‐Step Synthesis of Fe‐Doped g‐C3N4 Nanosheets and Their Improved Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Gao Jingtian , Wang Yun , Zhou Shijian , Lin Wei , Kong Yan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA simple one‐step pyrolysis process (compared with the routine method of liquid exfoliation and impregnation) was designed to synthesize Fe‐doped graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) nanosheets with NH4Cl as dynamic gas template and FeCl3 as the Fe source. Results of XPS and DRS indicated that the Fe species might exist at the state of Fe3+ and form Fe−N bonds with N atoms, thereby expanding visible light absorption regions and reducing the band gap of g‐C3N4 nanosheets. Doping certain amounts of Fe could promote the exfoliation and further increase the specific surface area, while excessive Fe might break the sheet structure. The specific surface area of the optimized Fe‐doped g‐C3N4 nanosheets reached 236.52 m2 g−1, which was 2.5 times higher than that of g‐C3N4 nanosheets. Among various photocatalysts prepared, the sample (0.5 wt % FeCl3) exhibited maximum photocatalytic performance in degradation of Methylene Blue and water splitting under visible light irradiation. The degradation rate of MB was about 1.4 and 1.7 times higher than that of pure g‐C3N4 nanosheets and bulk g‐C3N4, respectively. The H2 production rate was 536 μmol h−1 g−1, which was 1.8 and 6 times higher than that of pure g‐C3N4 nanosheets and bulk g‐C3N4, separately.
Accessing Structurally Diverse Near‐Infrared Cyanine Dyes for Folate Receptor‐Targeted Cancer Cell Staining
Authors: König Sandra G. , Krämer Roland 
Published: March 2017

AbstractFolate receptor (FR) targeting is one of the most promising strategies for the development of small‐molecule‐based cancer imaging agents considering that the FR is highly overexpressed on the surface of many cancer cell types. FR‐targeted conjugates of near‐infrared (NIR) emissive cyanine dyes are in advanced clinical trials for fluorescence‐guided surgery and are valuable research tools for optical molecular imaging in animal models. Only a small number of promising conjugates has been evaluated so far. Analysis of structure–performance relations to identify critical factors modulating the performance of targeted conjugates is essential for successful further optimization. This contribution addresses the need for convenient synthetic access to structurally diverse NIR‐emissive cyanine dyes for conjugation with folic acid. Structural variations were introduced to readily available cyanine precursors in particular via C−C‐coupling reactions including Suzuki and (for the first time with these types of dyes) Sonogashira cross‐couplings. Photophysical properties such as absorbance maxima, brightness, and photostability are highly dependent on the molecular structure. Selected modified cyanines were conjugated to folic acid for cancer cell targeting. Several conjugates display a favorable combination of high fluorescence brightness and photostability with high affinity to FR‐positive cancer cells, and enable the selective imaging of these cells with low background.
A Spotlight on the Compatibility between XFEL and Ab Initio Structures of the Oxygen Evolving Complex in Photosystem II
Authors: Narzi Daniele , Mattioli Giuseppe , Bovi Daniele , Guidoni Leonardo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe Mn4CaO5 cluster of photosystem II promotes a crucial step in the oxygenic photosynthesis, namely, the water‐splitting reaction. The structure of such cluster in the S1 state of the Kok–Joliot's cycle has been recently resolved by femtosecond X‐ray free‐electron laser (XFEL) measurements. However, the XFEL results are characterized by appreciable discrepancies with previous X‐ray diffraction (XRD), as well as with S1 models based on ab initio calculations. We provide here a unifying picture based on a combined set of DFT‐based structures and molecular dynamics simulations of the S0 and S1 states. Our findings indicate that the XFEL results cannot be interpreted on the grounds of a single structure. A combination of two S1 stable isomers together with a minority contribution of the S0 state is necessary to reproduce XFEL results within 0.16 Å.
An Isolable Diboron‐Centered Diradical with a Triplet Ground State
Authors: Wang Lei , Fang Yong , Mao Haochuan , Qu Yi , Zuo Jiacheng , Zhang Zaichao , Tan Gengwen , Wang Xinping 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo new diboranes, 2,6‐bis(BMes2)mesitylene (1) and 3,3′‐bis(BMes2)bimesitylene (3), were synthesized. Two‐electron reduction of 1 with elemental potassium afforded the C−H activation product [(18‐c‐6)K(THF)2]2+⋅22− bearing a BC3 four‐membered ring as colorless crystals, whereas the reduction of 3 with potassium led to the isolation of [(18‐c‐6)K(THF)2]2+⋅32−.. as dark blue crystals. Both reduction products were characterized by structural and spectroscopic methods. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and theoretical calculations revealed that the electron spin density of 32−.. mainly resides on the two boron nuclei and features a triplet ground state, which was confirmed by superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements as well as theoretical calculations. 32−.. represents the first structurally characterized boron‐centered diradical with a triplet ground state. In addition, the reactivity of [(18‐c‐6)K(THF)2]2+⋅32−.. toward PhSeSePh and nBu3SnH was investigated, which is consistent with its radical character.
Heterogeneous olefin‐metathesis: Comparative perspective of the activity with respect to unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters
Authors: Hasib‐ur‐Rahman Muhammad , Hamoudi Safia , Belkacemi Khaled 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOlefin metathesis is one of the most exiting tools in synthetic chemistry that can explicitly be employed to produce higher value products from unsaturated fats and oil feedstock. Contrary to the early stage metathesis catalysts, being extremely sensitive to humidity and to the substrate functionalities, redesigned organometallic species not only exhibit greater activity and selectivity but also offer pronounced stability towards functional olefins and ambient atmosphere. Though a number of highly efficient homogeneous catalysts have been developed, these are generally costly and also lead to product contamination and, consequently, pose environmental concerns. Heterogeneous catalysis can be an alternate route; however it faces a number of hurdles such as support compatibility, multiple active sites, and abridged efficacy. Nevertheless, through careful designing, certain heterogeneous catalyst systems have been suggested for metathesis of functionalized olefins like fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). A number of metallic species such as organometallic compounds bearing metal‐alkylidene moieties (e.g. Grubbs‐/Schrock‐type systems), alkylidene‐free complexes (e.g. methyltrioxorhenium), and inorganic (W, Mo, Re) oxides/chlorides have been probed in this regard. Accordingly this mini review deals with the various aspects like heterogenization/immobilization, activity criteria, and reusability of such catalyst systems in the context of olefin metathesis of natural fats/oils derivatives.
Synthesis, Structural Studies and Reactivity of Two cis‐Bis(phosphine)bis(silyl) Palladium(II) Complexes
Authors: Wang Lizhong , Guo Jinfei , Li Yajuan , Su Yanrong , Liu Jiawei , Li Yonghua , Wang Shi , Shimada Shigeru , Huang Wei 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTreatment of 1,2‐C6H4(SiH3)(SiH3) (1) or 1,2‐C6H4(SiMe2H)(SiH3) (2) with Pd(dcpe)(PEt3)2 (dcpe=Cy2PCH2CH2PCy2) in the ratio of 1:1 affords two cis‐bis(silyl) palladium(II) complexes {1,2‐C6H4(SiH2)(SiH2)}PdII(dcpe) (3) and {1,2‐C6H4(SiMe2)(SiH2)}PdII(dcpe) (4) with good thermal stability respectively. To the best of our knowledge, only ten silyl palladium complexes prepared from these two chelating hydrosilane ligands are presented in the Cambridge Structural Database. The structures of complexes 3 and 4 are unambiguously determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis and multinuclear NMR spectroscopic studies.
Quality of life with cediranib in relapsed ovarian cancer: The ICON6 phase 3 randomized clinical trial
Authors: Stark Dan P. , Cook Adrian , Brown Julia M. , Brundage Michael D. , Embleton Andrew C. , Kaplan Richard S. , Raja Fharat A. , Swart Ann Marie W. , Velikova Galina , Qian Wendi , Ledermann Jonathan A. 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDThe ICON6 trial showed that cediranib, an oral inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2, and 3, improved clinical outcomes for patients with platinum‐sensitive relapsed ovarian cancer when it was used with chemotherapy and was continued as maintenance therapy. This study describes health‐related quality of life (QOL) during the first year of treatment.METHODSFour hundred fifty‐six women were randomly allocated to receive standard chemotherapy only, chemotherapy with concurrent cediranib, or chemotherapy with cediranib administered concurrently and continued as maintenance. Patients completed QOL questionnaires until disease progression every 3 weeks during chemotherapy and then every 6 weeks to 1 year. Patients alive with disease progression completed a QOL form 1 year after randomization. The primary QOL endpoint was the global score from the Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer) at 1 year, with the standard chemotherapy group compared with the concurrent‐maintenance cediranib group.RESULTSThe rate of questionnaire compliance was 90% at the baseline and 76% at 1 year and was similar across the 3 groups. The mean global QOL score at 1 year was 62.6 points for the standard chemotherapy group and 68.7 points for the concurrent‐maintenance group (+4.5; 95% confidence interval, –2.0 to 11.0; P = .18). Sensitivity analyses suggested that this finding was robust to the effect of missing data, and the improvement became statistically significant after adjustments for self‐reported diarrhea.CONCLUSIONSThe 6th study by the International Collaboration in Ovarian Neoplasm (ICON6) showed a significant improvement in progression‐free survival with cediranib as concurrent and maintenance therapy. No QOL detriment with cediranib was found 1 year after treatment was commenced. The maintenance of QOL along with prolonged cancer control suggests that cediranib has a valuable role in the treatment of relapsed ovarian cancer. Cancer 2017;123:2752‐61. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Next‐generation sequencing of urine specimens: A novel platform for genomic analysis in patients with non–muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma treated with bacille Calmette‐Guérin
Authors: Scott Sasinya N. , Ostrovnaya Irina , Lin Caroline M. , Bouvier Nancy , Bochner Bernard H. , Iyer Gopakumar , Solit David , Berger Michael F. , Lin Oscar 
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUNDBiopsies from patients with high‐risk (HR) non–muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma (NMIUC), especially flat urothelial carcinoma in situ, frequently contain scant diagnostic material or denuded mucosa only, and this precludes further extensive genomic analysis. This study evaluated the use of next‐generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of urine cytology material from patients with HR NMIUC in an attempt to identify genetic alterations that might correlate with clinical features and responses to bacille Calmette‐Guérin (BCG) treatment.METHODSForty‐one cytology slides from patients with HR NMIUC treated with intravesical BCG were selected for this study. Histological confirmation was available for all cases. The specimens were subjected to NGS analysis with a customized targeted exome capture assay composed of 341 genes.RESULTSIn this cohort, genomic alterations were successfully identified in all cytology samples. Mutations were detected down to a 2% allele frequency and chromosomal rearrangements including copy number alterations and gene fusions were identified. The most frequently altered genes included telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), tumor protein 53 (TP53), Erb‐B2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 (ERBB2), and chromatin remodeling genes such as lysine demethylase 6A (KDM6A) and AT‐rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A). For patients with matched tumor tissue, cytology specimens revealed all mutations detected in tissue as well as additional mutations, and this suggested that urine might more effectively capture the full genetic heterogeneity of disease than an individual cystectomy. Alterations in multiple genes correlated with clinical and histopathological features, including responses to BCG treatment, flat architecture versus papillary architecture, and smoking history.CONCLUSIONSUrine specimens can replace tissue as a substrate for NGS analysis of HR NMIUC. Several genomic alterations identified in urine specimens might be associated with histological features and clinical characteristics. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:416–26. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Barrington's nucleus: Neuroanatomic landscape of the mouse “pontine micturition center”
Authors: Verstegen Anne M. J. , Vanderhorst Veronique , Gray Paul A. , Zeidel Mark L. , Geerling Joel C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBarrington's nucleus (Bar) is thought to contain neurons that trigger voiding and thereby function as the “pontine micturition center.” Lacking detailed information on this region in mice, we examined gene and protein markers to characterize Bar and the neurons surrounding it. Like rats and cats, mice have an ovoid core of medium‐sized Bar neurons located medial to the locus coeruleus (LC). Bar neurons express a GFP reporter for Vglut2, develop from a Math1/Atoh1 lineage, and exhibit immunoreactivity for NeuN. Many neurons in and around this core cluster express a reporter for corticotrophin‐releasing hormone (BarCRH). Axons from BarCRH neurons project to the lumbosacral spinal cord and ramify extensively in two regions: the dorsal gray commissural and intermediolateral nuclei. BarCRH neurons have unexpectedly long dendrites, which may receive synaptic input from the cerebral cortex and other brain regions beyond the core afferents identified previously. Finally, at least five populations of neurons surround Bar: rostral‐dorsomedial cholinergic neurons in the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus; lateral noradrenergic neurons in the LC; medial GABAergic neurons in the pontine central gray; ventromedial, small GABAergic neurons that express FoxP2; and dorsolateral glutamatergic neurons that express FoxP2 in the pLC and form a wedge dividing Bar from the dorsal LC. We discuss the implications of this new information for interpreting existing data and future experiments targeting BarCRH neurons and their synaptic afferents to study micturition and other pelvic functions.