bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Maladaptive Schemas in Eating Disordered Patients With or Without Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury
Authors: Pauwels Els , Dierckx Eva , Schoevaerts Katrien , Claes Laurence 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study investigates early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) in function of eating disorder (ED) subtypes (restrictive/bulimic) and the presence/absence of non‐suicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Female inpatients (N = 491) completed the Young Schema Questionnaire and the Self‐Injury Questionnaire. The influence of ED subtype and the presence/absence of NSSI and their interaction on the EMS were investigated by means of a MANCOVA. The results showed main effects of ED subtype and the presence of NSSI on EMS. Patients with bulimia scored significantly higher on insufficient self‐control and emotional deprivation, which are more related to cluster B compared with restrictive patients, whereas restrictive patients scored significantly higher on social undesirability, failure to achieve, subjugation and unrelenting standards compared with patients with bulimia that are more related to cluster C. Patients with ED with NSSI reported significantly higher EMS levels compared with patients without NSSI, suggesting that they could be of particular interest to benefit from schema therapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Characterizing infiltration and internal drainage of South African dryland soils
Authors: Mavimbela Sabelo S.W. , van Rensburg Leon D. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSurface infiltration and internal drainage properties of five soil types from arid drylands of South Africa were studied under double ring infiltrometer, rainfall simulation plots (1 m2) and instantaneous drainage plots (9 m2). Changes in soil water content during 40 minute rainfall simulation for a rainstorm with average intensity of 1.61 mm min−1 and 30 day drainage period were measured at various depths by 1.5 m long capacitance soil water measuring (DFM) probe. Different (P < 0.05) mean surface steady infiltration rate ranged from 0.05 to 4.47 mm min−1 and had a negative power relationship (R2 = 0.65) with horizon clay plus fine silt content. Power regression (R2 ≥ 86%) described rainstorm infiltration and obtained steady rates within an average time of 15 minutes. Mean total infiltrated soil water content was lowest (P < 0.05) from surface horizons with either 47.7% clay plus fine silt content or bulk density of 1.91 g cm−3 and exchangeable sodium of not less than 44 mg kg−1. Surface horizons with lower surface bulk density and total sand fraction of more than 72% had infiltrated depth and mean total infiltrated soil water content up to 40 cm deeper and 0.55 mm mm−1 greater, respectively. Drainage rate at drained upper limit calculated from the Wilcox drainage model (R2 ≤ 0.97%) was 0.2 mm day−1 or less were from underlying horizons with either clay plus fine silt of 45% or soft calcium carbonate. Higher drainage rate with accumulative drainage amount greater than 60 mm were from soil profile horizons with clay plus fine silt content of less than 20% and above unity steady infiltration rates. Rainstorm infiltration and drainage rates was shown to depend on permeability and coarseness of the respective soil surface and subsurface horizons; a phenomenon critical for harnessing rain and flood water to recharge groundwater. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parsing anomalous versus normal diffusive behavior of bedload sediment particles
Authors: Fathel Siobhan , Furbish David , Schmeeckle Mark 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBedload sediment transport is the basic physical ingredient of river evolution. Formulae exist for estimating transport rates, but the diffusive contribution to the sediment flux, and the associated spreading rate of tracer particles, are not clearly understood. The start‐and‐stop motions of sediment particles transported as bedload on a streambed mimic aspects of the Einstein–Smoluchowski description of the random‐walk motions of Brownian particles. Using this touchstone description, recent work suggests the presence of anomalous diffusion, where the particle spreading rate differs from the linear dependence with time of Brownian behavior. We demonstrate that conventional measures of particle spreading reveal different attributes of bedload particle behavior depending on details of the calculation. When we view particle motions over start‐and‐stop timescales obtained from high‐speed (250 Hz) imaging of coarse‐sand particles, high‐resolution measurements reveal ballistic‐like behavior at the shortest (10−2 s) timescale, followed by apparent anomalous behavior due to correlated random walks in transition to normal diffusion (>10−1 s) – similar to Brownian particle behavior but involving distinctly different physics. However, when treated as a ‘virtual plume’ over this timescale range, particles exhibit inhomogeneous diffusive behavior because both the mean and the variance of particle travel distances increase nonlinearly with increasing travel times, a behavior that is unrelated to anomalous diffusion or to Brownian‐like behavior. Our results indicate that care is needed in suggesting anomalous behavior when appealing to conventional measures of diffusion formulated for ideal particle systems. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing toxicity of contaminants in riverine suspended sediments to freshwater mussels
Authors: Archambault Jennifer M. , Bergeron Christine M. , Cope W. Gregory , Lazaro Peter R. , Leonard Jeremy A. , Shea Damian 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The Clinch River in Virginia and Tennessee, USA, is well known for its diverse native freshwater mussel assemblages; however, notable declines in mussel populations in recent decades have prompted much concern and subsequent research. The authors examined the toxicity of recently deposited sediments on juveniles of the freshwater mussel Epioblasma brevidens by collecting time-integrated sediment samples from the water column with sediment traps from 11 sites in the Clinch River basin, including 6 sites within an 88-km reach deemed a “mussel zone of decline.” Mussels were exposed to the riverine sediments and to 3 control sediments for 28 d; survival, shell length, and biomass were then assessed. Sediment treatment (i.e., river location) had a significant effect on mussel survival (p &lt; 0.01) and biomass (p = 0.02) but did not affect length (p = 0.37), and sediments from 2 of the tributaries were the most toxic. Inorganic and organic analyses of sediments indicated the presence of metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at all sites. Manganese was negatively correlated with mussel survival and biomass, as was ammonia with survival and total organic carbon with biomass. Current land uses in the watershed indicate that fossil fuel mining and agriculture may be associated with elevated manganese and ammonia, respectively. The authors found that sediments collected with sediment traps over relatively short deployment durations can help elucidate recent contaminant influx and its potential for inducing toxicity in benthic organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:395–407. © 2016 SETAC
Multigenerational effects of carbendazim in Daphnia magna
Authors: Silva Ana Rita R. , Cardoso Diogo N. , Cruz Andreia , Pestana João L.T. , Mendo Sónia , Soares Amadeu M.V.M. , Loureiro Susana 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

Carbendazim is a fungicide largely used in agriculture as a plant protection product. As a result of agricultural runoffs, drainage, and leaching, it reaches surface waters at concentrations possibly hazardous to aquatic communities. Because of potential and continuous release of carbendazim to aquatic systems, long-term exposure to aquatic organisms should be addressed. To fill the knowledge gap, the present study evaluated the responses of multiple generations of Daphnia magna (clone K6) to an environmentally relevant concentration of carbendazim (5 μg/L). Twelve successive generations were evaluated, and the effects in these offspring were compared with those from a control population. Neonates’ fitness was assessed through immobilization, reproduction, and feeding activity tests, along with the comet assay for in vivo DNA damage evaluation. Recovery from long-term exposure was also assessed. In the F5 generation, the results revealed that when daphnids were re-exposed to carbendazim, DNA damage was higher in daphnids continuously exposed to carbendazim than those from clean medium. After daphnids were moved to a clean medium, a low recovery potential was observed for DNA damage. Daphnids exposed continuously for 6 generations (F6) to carbendazim displayed an increase in feeding rates when re-exposed to carbendazim compared with F6 daphnids reared in clean medium. Continuous exposure of daphnids to carbendazim induced a significant increase in DNA damage from the F0 to the F12 generation. Deleterious effects of the multigenerational exposure to carbendazim were more prominent at a subcellular level (DNA damage) compared with the individual level. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:383–394. © 2016 SETAC
Regional scale spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture in a prairie region
Authors: Burns Travis T. , Berg Aaron A. , Cockburn Jaclyn , Tetlock Erica 
Published: June 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the dynamics of spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture at the regional scale and daily interval, respectively, has important implications for remote sensing calibration and validation missions as well as environmental modelling applications. The spatial and temporal variability of soil moisture was investigated in an agriculturally dominated region using an in‐situ soil moisture network located in central Saskatchewan, Canada. The study site evaluated three depths (5, 20, 50 cm) through 139 days producing a high spatial and temporal resolution data set, which were analysed using statistical and geostatistical means. Processes affecting standard deviation at the 5‐cm depth were different from the 20‐cm and 50‐cm depths. Deeper soil measurements were well correlated through the field season. Further analysis demonstrated that lag time to maximum correlation between soil depths increased through the field season. Temporal autocorrelation was approximately twice as long at depth compared to surface soil moisture as measured by the e‐folding frequency. Spatial correlation was highest under wet conditions caused by uniform rainfall events with low coefficient of variation. Overall soil moisture spatial and temporal variability was explained well by rainfall events and antecedent soil moisture conditions throughout the Kenaston soil moisture network. It is expected that the results of this study will support future remote sensing calibration and validation missions, data assimilation, as well as hydrologic model parameterization for use in agricultural regions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Therapeutic effect of intra‐articular injection of ribbon‐type decoy oligonucleotides for hypoxia inducible factor‐1 on joint contracture in an immobilized knee animal model
Authors: Sotobayashi Daisuke , Kawahata Hirohisa , Anada Natsuki , Ogihara Toshio , Morishita Ryuichi , Aoki Motokuni 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundLimited range of motion (ROM) as a result of joint contracture in treatment associated with joint immobilization or motor paralysis is a critical issue. However, its molecular mechanism has not been fully clarified and a therapeutic approach is not yet established.MethodsIn the present study, we investigated its molecular mechanism, focusing on the role of a transcription factor, hypoxia inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1), which regulates the expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and evaluated the possibility of molecular therapy to inhibit HIF‐1 activation by ribbon‐type decoy oligonucleotides (ODNs) for HIF‐1 using immobilized knee animal models.ResultsIn a mouse model, ROM of the immobilized knee significantly decreased in a time‐dependent manner, accompanied by synovial hypertrophy. Immunohistochemical studies suggested that CTGF and VEGF are implicated in synovial hypertrophy with fibrosis. CTGF and VEGF were up‐regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels at 1 and 2 weeks after immobilization, subsequent to up‐regulation of HIF‐1 mRNA and transcriptional activation of HIF‐1. Of importance, intra‐articular transfection of decoy ODNs for HIF‐1 in a rat model successfully inhibited transcriptional activation of HIF‐1, followed by suppression of expression of CTGF and VEGF, resulting in attenuation of restricted ROM, whereas transfection of scrambled decoy ODNs did not.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrates the important role of HIF‐1 in the initial progression of immobilization‐induced joint contracture, and indicates the possibility of molecular treatment to prevent the progression of joint contracture prior to intervention with physical therapy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Re‐establishing and preserving hope of recovery through user participation in patients with a severe mental disorder: the self‐referral‐to‐inpatient‐treatment project
Authors: Samuelsen Silje S. , Moljord Inger Elise Opheim , Eriksen Lasse 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsThe treatment of patients with a severe mental disorder is generally not good enough. The aim of this article was to illustrate some alternative approaches for better understanding and treatment for the individual, besides seeing and interpreting the symptoms.MethodsThe context of understanding is regulation of emotions whit a person‐based approach. The self‐referral‐to‐inpatient‐treatment project is presented and discussed as a possible method of intervention to improve patient involvement.DesignTheoretical approach.ResultsInvolvement in genuine decisions, where the individual is in control and feels emotionally robust, is important. The experience of regaining authority through being self‐empowered with sufficient environmental support is essential for re‐establishing and preserving hope of recovery.
Relationships between measures of adiposity with subclinical atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Yuan Mingxia , Hsu Fang‐Chi , Bowden Donald W. , Xu Jianzhao , Carrie Smith S. , Wagenknecht Lynne E. , Comeau Mary E. , Divers Jasmin , Register Thomas C. , Jeffrey Carr J. , Langefeld Carl D. , Freedman Barry I. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveAssess cross‐sectional relationships between body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), pericardial (PAT), visceral (VAT), and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volumes with calcified plaque (CP) in African Americans (AAs) and European Americans (EAs) with type 2 diabetes.MethodsComputed tomography measured PAT, VAT, SAT, and CP in coronary arteries (CAC), carotid arteries, and aorta. Generalized estimating equations models were fitted to test for associations between adiposity and CP, stratified by ethnicity while accounting for familial correlations.ResultsAAs (N = 753) vs. EAs (N = 562) had significantly lower PAT and VAT, despite equal or higher BMI. In multivariable models adjusting for age, gender, education, HbA1c, statins, smoking, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, nephropathy, and C‐reactive protein, PAT positively associated with presence of CAC in AAs (P < 0.001), not EAs (P = 0.68; ethnicity interaction P < 0.01). Inverse associations were detected between SAT and severity of aorta CP (P < 0.01) in AAs and between BMI, WC, and SAT with severity of aorta CP in all participants.ConclusionsEthnic‐ and gender‐specific differences in BMI, WC, PAT, SAT, and VAT were present in AAs and EAs with diabetes. Only PAT was positively associated with CAC in AAs; paradoxical inverse associations were seen between several other adiposity measures and subclinical cardiovascular disease.
Effect of grain boundary character of multicrystalline Si on external and internal (phosphorus) gettering of impurities
Authors: Joonwichien Supawan , Takahashi Isao , Kutsukake Kentaro , Usami Noritaka 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe investigated the effect of the grain boundary (GB) character of multicrystalline Si (mc‐Si) on the efficiency of external and internal gettering of impurities during phosphorus diffusion gettering (PDG). We utilized seed crystals with an artificially designed GB configuration to grow mc‐Si ingots with different artificial GB characters. PDG combined with an originally developed multiple‐cycle gettering technique at low temperature was introduced on intentionally Fe‐contaminated mc‐Si samples to enhance external and internal gettering. A significant positive PDG effect was observed after PDG combined with the multiple‐cycle technique, as evidenced by the increase in lifetimes after PDG. A bright cloud‐like photoluminescence signal around contaminated GBs was observed for artificial Σ5‐GBs and tilt‐GBs after PDG, suggesting the enhancement of the internal gettering efficiency by leaving a cleaner area around the GBs. This result suggests the importance of the control of crystal defect character as well as impurities in mc‐Si ingots, which could strongly affect the PDG efficiency. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predation by generalist arthropod predators on Apolygus lucorum (Hemiptera: Miridae): molecular gut‐content analysis and field‐cage assessment
Authors: Li Jinhua , Yang Fan , Wang Qian , Pan Hongsheng , Yuan Haibin , Lu Yanhui 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe mirid bug Apolygus lucorum (Meyer‐Dür) is a principal pest of cotton that also causes great damage to many other crops in China. A study was conducted to assess the mortality of A. lucorum from generalist arthropod predators using both molecular methods and a field‐cage trial. The species‐specific primer pair for the detection of A. lucorum tissues in predators was designed according to the sequences of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene.RESULTSA total of 2096 generalist predators that consisted of ladybeetles, lacewings and spiders were collected, and A. lucorum remains were detected using the designed primers. Only 1.6% of these predators contained A. lucorum DNA, with the highest positive proportion (6.1%) for Harmonia axyridis larvae. In the field‐cage experiment, the daily predation rates of second‐instar A. lucorum nymphs by H. axyridis adults and larvae were 4.7 and 5.2% respectively.CONCLUSIONSThe overall low positive proportion of generalist predators with A. lucorum DNA detected using the molecular method, combined with the low predation rate in the field‐cage experiment, indicated that the primary generalist predators likely had a limited role in the suppression of A. lucorum in the field. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermodynamics study of the noncovalent functionalization of surfactant suspended graphene nanosheets with porphyrin molecules
Authors: Delport Géraud , Vialla Fabien , Campidelli Stéphane , Voisin Christophe , Lauret Jean Sébastien 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe report on the noncovalent functionalization of graphene with hydrophobic tetraphenyl porphyrin (TPP) molecules in micellar aqueous suspensions. We study the thermodynamical parameters of the reaction using optical spectroscopy, and measure its Gibbs energy. We show that a total reaction can be achieved, leading to a high functionalization yield, despite the ‐stacking noncovalent binding.Side view of a graphene nanosheet covered with porphyrins.
Sonographic diagnosis of acute appendicitis in children: a 3‐year retrospective
Authors: Reddan Tristan , Corness Jonathan , Mengersen Kerrie , Harden Fiona 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionUltrasound is commonly used as a tool for investigation of acute appendicitis in children. The accuracy of ultrasound in appendicitis depends on the ability to visualise the appendix and the potential contribution from secondary signs. The study was a retrospective analysis of children referred for sonographic investigation of possible acute appendicitis at an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital between January 2008 and December 2010.MethodsRadiology reports, ultrasound images and electronic medical records were evaluated for eligible patients. The ability to visualise the appendix and determine secondary sonographic signs was evaluated for diagnostic accuracy.ResultsThe study identified 457 eligible children, with the appendix visualised on ultrasound in 40.7% of cases. Using a binary diagnostic model that incorporated equivocal results, sensitivity of ultrasound to diagnose acute appendicitis was 88.1%, specificity 91.4% and accuracy 90.4%. Ultrasound was found to have a high negative predictive value (96.3%), and the presence of echogenic mesentery had a positive predictive value of 89.4%.DiscussionOur results compare favourably with other studies, but indicate the potential for improvement in accuracy and visualisation, with a future study incorporating new methods of categorising ultrasound findings currently being undertaken.
Concise Review: Human Embryonic Stem Cells—What Have We Done? What Are We Doing? Where Are We Going?
Authors: Ilic Dusko , Ogilvie Caroline 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells possess remarkable proliferative and developmental capacity and thus have great potential for advancement of cellular therapy, disease modeling, and drug discovery. Twelve years have passed since the first reported isolation of human embryonic stem cell lines (hESC), followed in October 2010 by the first treatment of a patient with hESC-based cellular therapy at the Shepherd Center in Atlanta. Despite seemingly insurmountable challenges and obstacles in the early days, hESC clinical potential reached application in an extraordinarily short time. Eight currently ongoing clinical trials are yielding encouraging results, and these are likely to lead to new trials for other diseases. However, with the discovery of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC), disease-specific hESC lines derived from patients undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis for single gene disorders fell short of expectations. Lack of ethical controversy made human iPSC (hiPSC) with specific genotypes/phenotypes more appealing than hESC for drug discovery and toxicology-related studies, and in time, lines from HLA-homologous hiPSC banks are likely to take over from hESC in clinical applications. Currently, hESC are indispensable; the results of hESC-based clinical trials will set a gold standard for future iPSC-based cellular therapy.
NANOG Reverses the Myogenic Differentiation Potential of Senescent Stem Cells by Restoring ACTIN Filamentous Organization and SRF-Dependent Gene Expression
Authors: Mistriotis Panagiotis , Bajpai Vivek K. , Wang Xiaoyan , Rong Na , Shahini Aref , Asmani Mohammadnabi , Liang Mao-Shih , Wang Jianmin , Lei Pedro , Liu Song , Zhao Ruogang , Andreadis Stelios T. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Cellular senescence as a result of organismal aging or progeroid diseases leads to stem cell pool exhaustion hindering tissue regeneration and contributing to the progression of age related disorders. Here we discovered that ectopic expression of the pluripotent factor NANOG in senescent or progeroid myogenic progenitors reversed cellular aging and restored completely the ability to generate contractile force. To elicit its effects, NANOG enabled reactivation of the ROCK and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β pathways—both of which were impaired in senescent cells—leading to ACTIN polymerization, MRTF-A translocation into the nucleus and serum response factor (SRF)-dependent myogenic gene expression. Collectively our data reveal that cellular senescence can be reversed and provide a novel strategy to regain the lost function of aged stem cells without reprogramming to the pluripotent state.