bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstructing explicit mating schemes in poplar hybrids – a case study in the Populus nigra L. – Populus × canadensis Moench complex
Authors: Bialozyt R. , Rathmacher G. , Niggemann M. , Ziegenhagen B. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the plant kingdom, a large percentage of taxa are known to interbreed. If these hybrids are fertile, introgressive gene flow may foster the development of hybrid swarms or even promote gene swamping. Our study focuses on the Eurasian black poplar (Populus nigra L.) which may be threatened by hybridization with the cultivated fertile Euramerican hybrid. Using a combination of taxa specific DNA markers from the chloroplast and the nuclear genome we set up a straightforward and cost efficient method for identification of all possible mating scenarios in the hybrid complex of P. nigra and its cultivar Populus × canadensis Moench. Within a mixed population, we analyzed seed collections from individual trees of both taxa as well as juveniles from natural regeneration for proportions of second-generation hybrids (F2 hybrids) and first generation backcrosses. While F2 hybrids were detected in the seeds only, first generation backcrosses occurred in seeds as well as in juveniles. Due to the meiotic segregation of alleles, a certain amount of such progeny may remain undetected. Based on Mendelian rules, we developed a scheme to adjust the observed proportion of hybrid progeny for these undetected cases. Moreover, the scheme can be used to iteratively add loci necessary to detect poplar hybrids beyond the second hybrid and first generation backcrosses. We questioned whether there is a risk of hybrid swarm formation or swamping of the P. nigra gene pool. We discuss the likelihood of such a scenario and draw conclusions for conservation issues while poplar plantations are increasingly appreciated as renewable resources.
Performance Evaluation of Shrub Willow Clones of North America and Yugoslavia Origins in Jilin, China
Authors: Meng Q. F. , Gao W. T. , Pang J. Y , Weng Y. H. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Demand for planting elite shrub willows as a resource for industrial use such as bioenergy and pulp has been increasing in Jilin province in northeast China. Toward this end, 12 elite willow clones, representing various species and origins, were imported from New York, USA, and planted at Lushui River, Jilin province. Two indigenous species were included in the test as the controls for comparison. This study was an evaluation of their performance in adaptation, growth potential, and wood traits after one rotation (three growing seasons). Results indicated that (1) all clones, but one, showed a parallel phenology to the control, had excellent survival (> 86%) and displayed good frost resistance; (2) compared to the control, most imported clones were comparable in main stem growth (height and diameter), but developed more stems and main roots; and (3) most imported clones had similar lignin, but higher cellulose content relative to the control. These results imply that some of the imported clones should be considered for further evaluation as good sources for both bioenergy and pulping. Based on cluster analysis, six clones were recommended for the upcoming scale-up site-clone trials for yield evaluation.
Gene flow in an overexploited population of Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae) in the Bolivian Amazon
Authors: Sebbenn A. M. , Licona J. C. , Mostacedo B. , Degen B. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Pollen and seed movement among and within populations connect individuals and populations, and therefore are among the most important evolutionary processes determining the genetic structure of populations. Seven microsatellite loci were used to investigate the realized pollen dispersal and intra-population spatial genetic structure (SGS) in four permanent plots located in an overexploited big-leaf mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) population in the Bolivian Amazon. All adult trees found in the plots were mapped, sampled and genotyped. Seedlings were sampled below the canopy of reproductive trees. Private alleles in the sub-population of the adults and the seedlings were observed. The observed heterozygosity was significantly lower and fixation index was significantly higher for the seedlings (Ho=0.697, F=0.068) compared to the adults (Ho=0.761, F=-0.023). In one plot, seed immigration was observed (18%). Realized pollen immigration ranged among the plots from zero to 41% and selfing ranged from zero to 5.8%. We observed an average pollen dispersal distance from 75 to 255 m, with the maximum reaching 576 m. We found a significant SGS up to 150 m, showing that near neighbour individuals are relatives. The observed data on pollen- and seed dispersal provides important information for the sustainable management of the endangered mahogany species.
Flowering phenology and germination ability of pollens for Acacia mangium and A. auriculiformis
Authors: Kato K. , Yamaguchi S. , Chigira O. , Osaka N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA four-year investigation was conducted on the flowering phenology and germination ability of pollens from A. mangium and A. auriculiformis ramets to determine whether the flowering phenology and germination ability of pollens differed among clones or seed sources. The number of A. mangium and A. auriculiformis clones used was 19 and 23, collected from 17 and 8 seed sources, respectively. The flowering of each ramet was visually observed every three or four days for three seasons, with one season being from April to the following March, and the germination ability of pollens collected from the flowers was investigated at 1 day, 6 months, and 12 months after being stored at -18°C. The mean percentage of flowering per clone which was calculated by dividing the number of flowering ramets by the number of ramets used was low on A. mangium for each season, whereas it was more than 60% on A. auriculiformis for each season, with no significant variations among the seasons. The flowering initiation and flowering period also showed non-significant variations or differences among the seasons and among most of the clones within the seed sources. On the other hand, the percentage of flowering per clone, the flowering initiation, and the flowering period on A. auriculiformis showed significant variations and differences among the seed sources although those were similar on some seed sources. On both tree species, the germination rate of pollens per clone showed significant variations among clones, regardless of the seasons and number of days stored, and also among clones within seed sources for about half the cases. These results suggest that the flowering phenology is in some degree determined by a genetic factor such as the seed source, whereas the germination ability of pollens is mainly determined by a genetic factor in each clone.
Selection and validation of reference genes for real-time qRT-PCR normalization in different tissues of Eucalyptus tereticornis
Authors: Sundari B. Karpaga Raja , Dasgupta M. Ghosh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractReference genes are generally used as endogenous normalization factor for relative quantification of target genes in quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The present work aimed at identifying suitable reference genes for normalization of qRT-PCR data in tissues of Eucalyptus tereticornis. The expression levels of housekeeping genes like Actin (EtAct2), Isocitrate dehy - drogenase (EtIDH), ribosomal RNA (Et18s rRNA), SAND family protein (EtSAND), Histone protein (EtH2B), α-Tubulin (EtTUB), and eukaryotic initiation factor (EteIF4B) were studied to characterize their normalization stability in different tissues including young leaves, internodes, developing and mature xylem. The expression level of these genes was analyzed using different algorithms like geNorm, NormFinder and Best- Keeper. Among the seven reference genes analyzed, EtAct2 was expressed with less variance and was found to be the most stable reference gene across different tissues using all the three programs, while the least stable gene identified was EtH2B. Further, the normalization efficiency of the reference genes were assessed to predict the expression levels of three primary cell wall specific cellulose synthase transcripts (EtCesAs) in E. tereticornis tissues. The relative expression of EtCesA4, EtCesA5 and EtCesA6 was determined to be 3-19 fold higher in leaf and internode tissues when compared to developing and mature xylem tissues. This study will allow accurate normalization of qRT-PCR experiments across different tissues in E. tereticornis for future genomic research in this tropical eucalypt species.
Insights in the chestnut genetic diversity in Canton Ticino (Southern Switzerland)
Authors: Beccaro G. L. , Torello-Marinoni D. , Binelli G. , Donno D. , Boccacci P. , Botta R. , Cerutti A. K. , Conedera M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCastanea sativa Miller displays a high variability of morphological and ecological traits, vegetative and reproductive habits, nut morphology, wood characteristics, adaptability, and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The present range of distribution of the species has been strongly influenced by human migrations and it is thought that Romans played a crucial role in the spread of the cultivation in Europe, although in some areas there is also evidence of local domestication and spontaneous spread of the tree after the last glacial period. In Switzerland chestnut stands are found mostly in the South (Canton Ticino), a region where the debate about the origin of the local germplasm, whether derived from the survival or spontaneous migration of C. sativa on the territory or due to the introduction of the tree during the Roman colonisation, is still open. This study aims contributing to depict the chestnut genetic situation of the species in Canton Ticino as a contribution to the debate about the native character of the species. The study area is located in Switzerland, on the southern slopes of the Alps, where 3 C. sativa populations were sampled and analysed at 9 SSR loci. Populations showed a high degree of diversity, as it is observed in most natural population of tree species: all nine SSR loci were polymorphic (no fixed alleles were detected), and genetic diversity, measured by expected heterozygosity, was high ranging in the populations between 0.647 and 0.721, on average. Results suggest that three homogeneous gene pools contributed to the formation of the 3 populations sampled. The genetic germplasm structuring of the analysed chestnut stands is very mild as confirmed by the relatively low level of genetic differentiation and divergence observed among sites.
The Use of a Unipore Diffusion Model to Describe the Kinetics of Methane Release from Coal Spoil in the Longwall Environment
Authors: Wierzbicki Mirosław , Skoczylas Norbert , Kudasik Mateusz 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The unipore methane diffusion model based on the solution of the second Fick’s law describes effectively the kinetics of methane release from coal grains. The knowledge of the model describing the kinetics of methane release from coal, the coalbed methane content, the sorption isotherm, the effective diffusion coefficient and the coal particle size distribution, enables the calculation of the volume of methane which is released from the coal spoil as a function of time. These assumptions became the basis for building the software that enables the analysis of methane emissions from coal during the longwall mining. Simulations were performed to determine the temporal and spatial methane inflow to the longwall. The share of methane emission from coal grains (taking into account both the emission kinetics and mass participation) of various classes has been analyzed. The results of the analysis showed that the methane from the small grains, in particular less than 0.1 mm in size, prevails. The mass fraction of these grains in the total weight does not exceed 5%. For the typical parameters determining the mining, geological and technological conditions of methane emissions at different moments of time and position of the longwall were determined.
Application and Design of Multi-Impingement Cooling Channel in Turbine Blade Trail Edge
Authors: Wang Longfei , Wen Fengbo , Wang Songtao , Zhou Xun , Wang Zhongqi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The numerical simulations are used to conduct the comparative study of pin-fins cooling channel and multi-impingement cooling channel on the heat transfer and flow, and to design the multi-impingement channel through the parameters of impinging distance and impingement-jet-plate thickness. The Reynolds number ranges from 1e4 to 6e4. The dimensionless impinging distance is 0.60, 1.68, 2.76, respectively, and the dimensionless impinging-jet-thickness is 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, respectively. The endwall surface, pin-fins surface, impinging-jet-plate surface are the three object surfaces to investigate the channel heat transfer performance. The heat transfer coefficient

h

$h$

and augmentation factor

N
u

/

N

u
0

$Nu/N{u_0}$

are selected to measure the surface heat transfer, and the friction coefficient

f

$f$

is chosen to evaluate the channel flow characteristics. The impinging-jet-plate surface owns higher heat transfer coefficient and larger area than pin-fins surface, which are the main reasons to improve the heat transfer performance of multi-impingement cooling channel. Reducing the impinging distance can improve the endwall surface heat transfer obviously and enhance impingement plate surface heat transfer to some extent, decreasing the thickness of impinging-jet-plate can significantly increase its own heat transfer coefficient, which both all increase the cooling air flow loss.
Speed and Agility Training for Baseball/Softball
Authors: Magrini Mitchel , Dawes J. Jay , Spaniol Frank J. , Roberts Adam 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
IN THE SPORTS OF BASEBALL AND SOFTBALL, POWER, SPEED, AND AGILITY ARE ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR SUCCESS. PLAYERS WHO POSSESS THESE CHARACTERISTICS MAY BE ABLE TO COVER A LARGER PORTION OF THE FIELD AND REACT TO SPECIFIC SITUATIONS WHILE RUNNING ON THE BASE PATHS. IT IS ESSENTIAL THAT THE COACH OR STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT DRILLS THAT ARE SPORTS-SPECIFIC TO THE GAME OF BASEBALL OR SOFTBALL. THE FOLLOWING ARTICLE DISCUSSES THE BASEBALL/SOFTBALL PLAYERS' NEEDS AND PROVIDES RECOMMENDATIONS FOR POTENTIAL SPORT-SPECIFIC DRILLS THAT CAN BE COMPLETED IN AN INDOOR FACILITY OR ON THE BASEBALL/SOFTBALL FIELD.
Efficiency of Financing in Sharia Cooperatives
Authors: Badranaya Djaka 
Published: August 2017

Efficiency is one of the performance’s indicator in sharia cooperatives. This study uses data envelopment analysis (DEA) method to measure the efficiency of financing sharia cooperatives. DEA is one method of measuring efficiency using frontier analysis that has proven its use. Samples to be used are KJKS Kota Bambu Utara (KBU) and Kota Bambu Selatan (KBS). On average, KJKS KBU has a value high enough efficiency reached 98.7%. Meanwhile, KJKS KBS achieve 100% efficiency. This research has an important role in optimizing the efficiency of sharia cooperative, so that its presence can provide great benefits to society.DOI: 10.15408/etk.v16i2.5437
Discapacidad y Determinantes Sociales de la Salud Estructurales e Intermedios: Diferencias por Género
Authors: V Consuelo , Vidarte Claros Jos Armando 
Published: August 2017

Objetivo: Establecer los determinantes sociales de la salud estructurales e intermedios y su relación con la discapacidad en la ciudad de Barranquilla, apartir del análisis de las diferencias por género. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo correlacional, con 726 registros de la base de datos a 2011.Se utilizó el Registro DANE de personas con discapacidad, que fue sistematizado en el programa SPSS Versión 19.0. Resultados: Se encontrarondiferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) y niveles de dependencia baja relacionadas con tipo de afiliación a la seguridad social, la raza, eltrabajo desempeñado y el salario mensual. Conclusiones: Existen diferencias por género en algunos determinantes sociales de la salud. Además, ladiscapacidad se hace evidente cuando la persona encuentra o presenta restricciones que le impiden su plena participación en la sociedad. ABSTRACTObjective:To establish the social determinants of health and intermediate structural and Disability in the city of Barranquilla, analyzing genderdifferences. Materials and Methods: A descriptive correlational study with 726 records database to 2011, the Registry was used DANE people withdisabilities was systematized in the SPSS version 19.0 program. Results: Statistically significant differences p < 0.05 and low levels of dependenceaffiliation to social security, race, work performed and met monthly salary. Conclusions: There are gender differences in some social Determinants ofHealth, disability is also evident when the person is or has restrictions that prevent their full participation in society.
Papel de la Explosión Combinacional en Ataques de Fuerza Bruta
Authors: Lopez V 
Published: August 2017

A través de la técnica de craking denominada fuerza bruta se intenta identificar una cadena desconocida probando con todas combinaciones posibles de un abecedario, su eficacia radica en que el abecedario tomado como entrada al algoritmo contenga todas las letras, números y/o símbolos que conforman la cadena que se busca. Por lo demás es importante hacer notar que a medida que crece la longitud de la cadena, crece exponencialmente el número de combinaciones a probar de tal manera que genera una explosión combinacional. AbstractThis paper presents a work that describes how through the technique known as brute force cracking attempts to identify unknown brand by trying all possible combinations of an alphabet, its effectiveness is that the alphabet taken as input to the algorithm contains all the letters , numbers and / or symbols of the string being searched. Otherwise it is important to note that as the length of the growing chain grows exponentially the number of combinations to be tested so that generates a combinatorial explosion.
Un Robot Móvil Autónomo Seguidor Delínea
Authors: Galeano Paola Andrea , Torres Ingrid Durley , Álvarez Juan Felipe 
Published: August 2017

Este artículo describe un ejemplo de aplicación de un robot móvil autónomo desarrollado con el fin único de realizar la tarea de seguir una trayectoria definida por una línea graficada en el suelo. El detalle de construcción y programación está basado en un análisis previo logrado bajo el entorno de desarrollo gráfico de Nxt-G2.0, considerando para ello el tiempo consumido en el recorrido, la precisión lograda al seguir la trayectoria y la capacidad de actuar autónomamente. AbstractThis paper describes an application example of an autonomous mobile robot developed for the sole purpose of performing the task of following a path defined by a line plotted on the floor. The detailed construction schedule is based on a previous analysis made under the graphical development environment NXT-G 2.0, taking into consideration the time spent on the course, the precision achieved by following the path and the ability to act autonomously.
Simulación Discreta Aplicada a los Modelos de Atención en Salud
Authors: Caballos. Fernando , Betancur Villegas Juan Pablo , Betancur Villegas Juan Diego 
Published: August 2017

El presente documento muestra una aplicación de la simulación en los temas de atención al cliente en servicios de salud, que puede servir de gran ayuda al momento de mejorar procesos, controlar recursos humanos y demás situaciones que atenten contra la prestación de servicios de calidad en las ciudades y sus centros asistenciales. La aproximación mediante un esquema de modelado de eventos discretos permite identificar fácilmente los cuellos de botella en el proceso, en busca de realizar sugerencias de mejora a todo el sistema, logrando una atención en excelentes condiciones. En este documento se presenta el análisis en una entidad prestadora de salud típica en Colombia, y sugiere solución estos problemas identificados mediante la simulación. AbstractThis paper shows an application of simulation in the areas of customer service in health care, which can be of great help at the time to improve processes, manage human resources and other situations that threaten the quality of services in cities and their aid centers. An approximation scheme for discrete event modeling easily identify bottlenecks in the process, seeking to make suggestions for improvements to the entire system, achieving a focus on excellent condition. This paper presents an analysis on a typical health care provider entity in Colombia, and suggests solution these problems identified by simulation.
Conceptual Analysis of Sustainable Development and Sustainable Development.
Authors: De La Hoz Granadillo Efraín , López Polo Ludys 
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo es una reflexión acerca de los conceptos desarrollo sostenible y desarrollo sustentable, términos que generan discusión en su acepción en el ámbito de la gestión ambiental. Para lo cual se desarrolló una revisión de la bibliografía relacionada con el objeto de esta reflexión. Como resultado de esta revisión se pudo establecer aspectos conceptuales para analizar de manera más profunda la concepción de desarrollo sostenible y de desarrollo sustentable lo que permitió determinar condiciones de coincidencia, pero también de divergencia con lo cual se pueden dar mejores elementos para que se desarrollen planes de desarrollo en el marco de una gestión ambiental. AbstractThis article is a reflection on the concepts of sustainable development and sustainable development terms that generate discussion on its meaning in the field of environmental management. For which a review of the related literature developed for the purpose of this discussion. As a result of this review it was established conceptual aspects to analyze more deeply the concept of sustainable development and sustainable development which allowed determining matching conditions, but also of divergence which can give better items so plans are developed development in the context of environmental management.