bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some Observations on the Composition of the “Core Chapters” of the Mozi)
Authors: Maeder Erik W. 
Published: August 2016

A.C. Graham understood the “core chapters” of the Mozi as the collected literary remains of three independently evolving traditions of early Mohism. The present study makes use of the remarkable coexistence of parallel texts in a single book to get a clearer picture of how such traditions may have been formed. Examining textual recurrences and “marked” lexical and functional terms in the core chapters, the author argues that the “Ten Theses” may not all have been parts of some “original” teaching by the “master” referred to, but documents attesting to the very process of transmission within still living, competing traditions.These parts were, it is argued, summarily incorporated within three distinctive “documents” relatively late in the history of transmission, that is, just before or during early Han.
Extra-Lineage Cult in the Shang Dynasty A Surrejoinder
Authors: Shaughnessy Edward L. 
Published: August 2016

I would like to thank Professors Fan, Li, and Wang for what has been for me a most stimulating exchange of ideas on a problem of seminal importance in the history of early China. From these three scholars, we have seen three interpretations, radically different both from each other and also from the interpretation I presented above, of a small set of oracle-bone inscriptions. I believe that these four interpretations represent virtually every possible alternative and, by having them presented together in a forum such as this, the scholarly world should now be better able to evaluate their relative merits.I believe it is clear from each of the above discussions that the differences in interpretation here owe more to anthropology than to paleography (although a correct paleographic interpretation of these inscriptions, and especially of H11:84, is an essential starting point). Would it have been possible for the leader of one kinship group to offer cult to the ancestors of a separate kinship group? I am grateful to Professor Fan Yuzhou for his citation of Sumerian evidence showing that such indeed has been possible in other historical situations. Nevertheless, as Professor Wang Yuxin has properly pointed out in critique of my own reference to Xiongnu sacrifices in honor of Han emperors, this type of evidence, being either temporally or culturally distinct from the society that produced these inscriptions, cannot be used to describe Shang or Zhou practice.
Mozi and the Dates of Xia, Shang, and Zhou: A Research Note
Authors: Pankenier D.W. 
Published: August 2016

In a previous article in these pages (EC 7.1981-82:2-37) I reported on the discovery in the jinben version of the Bamboo Annals of verifiable records of the planetary conjunctions of 1576 and 1059 B.C. I argued that literary and chronological evidence drawn from a variety of Zhou and Han sources indicates that the two celestial events were taken at the time to signal Heaven's conferral of legitimate right to rule on the new dynasty, first Shang and then Zhou.If this view is correct, the discoveries not only establish the historicity, and indeed the great antiquity, of certain chronological and atronomical records in the Bamboo Annals, they also prove that a concept akin to the Zhou “Mandate of Heaven” must have existed as early as the founding of the Shang in the midsecond millennium B.C., just as implied in the Shangshu. Equally noteworthy is the finding that numerous Zhou and Han works, including those of a notoriously “soft” variety such as the apocryphal “weft” commentaries of mid-Han date, contain mythicized though recognizable accounts of the same celestial phenomena.
An Annotated Genealogy of the Royal Clan of Ch'u in the Ch'un Ch'iu Period
Authors: Blakley Barry B. 
Published: August 2016

In doing research on the social history of the Ch'un Ch'iu period, one is constantly confronted by the problem of identifying the lineage affiliation of individuals and their genealogical relationships. These matters are treated in the commentaries in most, but not all cases; yet, there are frequent differences of opinion which the reader will be left unaware of if he reads the text with only, for instance, the Tu Yü commentary at hand. Moreover, one inevitably looses track of the genealogical relationships unless the reading is done in conjunction with one or another of the available genealogical charts. And even this does not solve all of the problems, for the genealogical charts are at odds with each other at many points. It has, therefore, become apparent to me that it would be of great assistance to students of this period to have available a reference which would bring together the data from the major sources in one place, and which would show their agreement or disagreement.The present effort is an experiment in fulfilling this need. I have chosen the state of Ch'u because it is obvious that the commentators have had the most difficulties with this state. Since what follows is the result of tedious labor which I would not wish to continue if others do not find it of value, I would greatly appreciate reader response both as to its general usefulness and as to the format.
Clerical Errors in the Scoring of the WISC-R.
Authors: Hajzler Darko J. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe nature, frequency and effect of clerical errors in the scoring of the WISC-R were examined. The most frequent errors were those associated with addition tasks and in the calculation of the subject's age at the time of assessment. Some errors, whether occurring singly or in a compounding effect, significantly distorted Full Scale IQ.
With an Eye Towards 2000
Authors: Bursell Judge Rupert 
Published: August 2016

I confess that I am not a natural early riser but it is still a great joy for me to celebrate at my parish's 8 o'clock Holy Communion service, especially when the rite isthe Holy Communion service from the Book of Common Prayer. I am not sayingthat I do not enjoy, and do not see the worth of, the rites in the Alternative Service Book, but there is something very special about the rhythms and cadences of the old service and I personally want to see the continuation of all those services contained in the Book of Common Prayer. I therefore want to pose four questions:(1) How has the Church of England (Worship and Doctrine) Measure 1974 attempted to ensure the continuing availability of the forms of service contained in the Book of Common Prayer?(2) What are the ‘occasions for which no provision has been made’ embraced by the provisions of Canon B5, para 2?(3) What, if any, is the legal status of a form of service once, but no longer, authorised?(4) To what extent does the ecclesiastical law relating to the liturgy bind lay ministers?
The Genetics of Tourette Syndrome
Authors: Alsobrook John P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe familial nature of Tourette syndrome (TS) was first described by Georges Gilles de la Tourette in 1885. Formal investigations of TS since the 1970s have consistently demonstrated an increased risk for TS among relatives of patients with TS. Family studies, twin studies, and segregation analyses all indicate that TS has significant genetic determinants. The mode of transmission, while mildly controversial, is generally believed to be due to at least one major locus inherited either as an autosomal dominant trait with reduced penetrance, or as a trait with intermediate inheritance in which some heterozygotic persons manifest the disorder. There is evidence for a TS spectrum of symptoms that includes chronic tics and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Systematic genome linkage studies of TS are progressing. To date, however, no significant linkage findings exist, although the search has included many neurologically relevant candidate genes.
Diagnosis and Management of the Psychosis, Intermittent Hyponatremia, and Polydipsia Syndrome in Psychiatry
Authors: Greenfield Daniel P. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe psychosis, intermittent hyponatremia, and polydipsia (PIP) syndrome is a prevalent, medically serious, and difficult to treat condition in psychiatry, especially common in hospitalized chronic schizophrenic patients. In this paper, the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of the PIP syndrome are presented as an overview, and a program of medical/pharmacologic, nursing, behavioral, and psychiatric/psychological interventions is presented and discussed. The emphasis throughout this paper is on multidisciplinary treatment approaches for patients with PIP syndrome, including medical, psychiatric, psychosocial, behavioral, and nursing contributions to the evaluation and care of these often difficult patients.
Augmentation Strategies in the Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Goff Donald C. , Freudenreich Oliver , Evins A. Eden 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUse of augmenting agents in schizophrenia is a common practice in response to resistant symptoms or comorbid illness. Increasingly, clinicians are combining more than one antipsychotic agent, despite a lack of evidence from controlled studies to support this approach. A rationale can be made for adding higher-potency agents to clozapine in an attempt to optimize D2dopamine receptor blockade, but this strategy requires further study before it should be adopted in clinical practice. Older reports have explored the use of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and anxiolytics as augmenting agents. These agents appear to improve comorbid affective or anxiety symptoms, but earlier evidence of improvement in psychotic or negative symptoms has not been replicated consistently. Glutamatergic agents acting at the glycine coagonist site of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, including glycine, D-cycloserine, and D-serine, have demonstrated impressive therapeutic effects for negative symptoms when added to conventional neuroleptic agents, but do not appear to enhance clozapine efficacy. Given the high rates of symptom persistence and disability associated with schizophrenia, the need for augmentation strategies is great, but no approach has clearly emerged as effective for a substantial portion of patients. Although certain approaches may prove helpful for individual patients, augmentation should not be used unless monotherapy has been optimized, and should not be continued long-term unless benefits are clear.
Neuropsychiatry: Now More Than Ever
Authors: Gorman Jack M. 
Published: August 2016

The end of 2001 is unlike any year's end in most of our memories. On September 10, my most serious worry was the chances for my beloved New York Yankees to win their fourth consecutive pennant. The next day, and ever since, that has hardly been a blip on the radar screen of concern. For those of us interested in studying the nervous system, we must remember that the most enduring fallout of the September 11 tragedy is emotional—our population is now a frightened one. Never before has the study of the neuro-science of emotion seemed more important. In subsequent issues, we will have much more to say on this topic.For physicians and neuroscientists alike, we must also focus on the clinical and research issues that existed before September 11 and will continue to be our responsibility. This issue of CNS Spectrums offers articles on a diversity of topics: epilepsy, genetics, and the treatment of schizophrenia.
The Truth, The Whole Truth, and Statistical Parametric Maps
Authors: Trimble Michael 
Published: August 2016

Over 20 years ago, Monte Buchsbaum first presented metabolic brain images belonging to a patient with schizophrenia at the American Psychiatric Association's annual meeting. This was a truly remarkable achievement brought about by the combined skills of the deoxyglucose technique developed by Lou Sokoloff and colleagues, and the advancement of statistical algorithms for the analysis of computerized images. Positron emission tomography (PET) had arrived, but more importantly, the imaging era of neuropsychiatry was dawning. Since then, we have been treated to a glorious array of technical developments which has seen not only coregistration of functional images (ie, PET) with corresponding structure (magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]), but a proliferation of MRI techniques that allow not only temporal and spatial resolutions undreamed of two decades ago, but permit safe, repeated testing of patients, allowing for experiments of considerable sophistication to be designed.Now, at any neuroscience meeting, many presentations are accompanied by brain images, often PETs. However, more and more often now we are seeing one form or another of MRI. Such images are displayed from various angles, adorned with multiple colors, and garnished with institutional logos, confirming (and less regularly refuting) the presenter's hypothesis about how the brain is supposed to work in relation to various cerebral functions.
Noradrenergic Pathology in Psychiatric Disorders: Postmortem Studies
Authors: Ordway Gregory A. , Klimek Violetta 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we review research utilizing postmortem brain tissue in order to investigate the potential neuropathology of the noradrenergic system in psychiatri disorders. The postmortem tissue approach to the study of the noradrenergic system has been used primarily in investigations of the biology of suicide and depression. Findings from postmortem studies provide data generally consisten with the hypothesis that a norepinephrine deficiency exist depression, and possibly in the victims of suicide. However postmortem studies do not presently provide irrefutable evidence of noradrenergic neuropathology. Technical shortcomings, issues of reproducibility, and the strengths postmortem research are reviewed. More rigorously performed postmortem research is needed to aid researchers in pinpointing specific neuropathologies associated with psychiatric disease.
Catatonic Syndrome in an Adolescent Male Immigrant: A Case Report
Authors: Panikkar Gopakumar P. , Mayerhoff David 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article, we report a unique case of catatonic syndrome in an adolescent male. This patient did not have a primary psychiatric diagnosis before the onset of catatonia, and there was no evidence of any predisposing medical conditions. The episode occurred following the patient's immigration from his native country, an event associated with particular psychological stress. The episode was reversible and demonstrated a prompt but transient response to intravenous administration of lorazepam. Maintenance treatment included oral administration of lorazepam and risperidone. Lorazepam was tapered and eventually discontinued, and symptoms did not recur.
Self-Report and Objective Measures of ADHD-Related Behaviors in Parents of Preschool Children at Risk for ADHD
Authors: Kera Elizabeth A. Curko , Marks David J. , Berwid Olga G. , Santra Amita , Halperin Jeffrey M. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTObjective: Few studies have used a combination of objective and self-report measures to examine neuropsychological and behavioral functioning in parents of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study examined attention and inhibitory control in the parents of preschool children who were rated as “at risk” for developing ADHD as compared with parents of controls.Methods:Preschool children (N=53) were divided into at risk for ADHD and control groups based on parent and teacher ratings of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition ADHD symptoms. One parent of each child was administered an identical pairs Continuous Performance Test (CPTIP), a Go/No-Go task, and the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale for Adults.Results: Parents of preschoolers at risk for ADHD showed a pattern of responding on measures of vigilance characterized by slower reaction times and increased commission errors as compared with parents of controls. There were no significant group differences on self-report measures on the Brown Attention-Deficit Disorder Scale for Adults.Conclusion: Parents of preschoolers at risk for ADHD appear to exhibit cognitive processing deficits that may not be evident using self-report measures. Further research is needed to more clearly identify the specific nature of these neuropsychological deficits and to determine whether they have a negative impact on their children.
Management of Hyperprolactinemia in Patients Receiving Antipsychotics
Authors: Miller Karen K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHyperprolactinemia is increasingly prevalent in patients with common psychiatric disorders due to increasing prescriptions of antipsychotics, particularly newer atypical neuroleptics, in these patients. However, measurement of prolactin levels is indicated only in symptomatic patients. When hyperprolactinemia is diagnosed, work-up should include exclusion of other causes of hyperprolactinemia, particularly those that might require treatment. Once such causes have been ruled out, a minority of patients with antipsychotic medication-induced hyperprolactinemia, including those with clinically significant signs and symptoms, will require treatment. When treatment is indicated, specifically when hyperprolactinemia results in amenorrhea in women or testosterone deficiency in men, dopamine agonist therapy is generally not advisable. Hormone-replacement therapy, which involves estrogen/progestogen in women and testosterone in men, can often prevent modification and interruption of successful psychiatric medication regimens.
Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended Release for the Treatment of ADHD
Authors: Biederman Joseph 
Published: August 2016

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is widely recognized as one of the most common psychiatric disorders initially diagnosed and treated in childhood; however, it is less widely recognized as a disorder that often persists into adolescence and adulthood. In recent years, there has been increased awareness that adult ADHD is marked by significant impulsivity and impairments of attention and executive function, symptoms that can be linked to, personal, social, and professional dysfunction. Clinicians are increasingly recognizing adult ADHD as a disorder linked to considerable dysfunction and distress, warranting appropriate pharmacologic treatment.Psychostimulants, such as amphetamines and methylphenidate, are recommended as first-line pharmacotherapeutic agents for the management of ADHD in children, adolescents, and adults. Because most research on psychostimulant use has involved pediatric ADHD patients, little is known about the safety and efficacy of these agents in adult ADHD.
Treatment of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Stein Dan J. , Ipser Jonathan C. , Baldwin David S. , Bandelow Borwin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackground: Many randomized controlled trials of the pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) have been undertaken. Several meta-analyses of these trials, and a number of expert consensus guidelines, have been published. This article summarizes these works, and suggests future research directions.Methods: Meta-analyses of OCD were assessed with the QUORUM statement and the Oxman and Guyatt rating scale, and consensus guidelines on the treatment of OCD were assessed with the Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation (AGREE) instrument. Current principles in the treatment of OCD, and gaps in our knowledge, were reviewed.Results: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and cognitive-behavioral therapy are currently viewed as the first-line treatments of choice for adult and pediatric OCD.There is also good evidence for the efficacy of atypical antipsychotics in the augmentation of patients refractory to SSRIs. Important questions remain for the field.Conclusions: There have been significant advances in both the pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of OCD. Nevertheless, there is a paucity of longer-term trials, data on symptom remission and functional improvement, and data on treatment effectiveness in wider clinical practice. It is hoped that improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying OCD will lead to future advances.
Specificities of Treatment in Pediatric Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Flament Martine F. , Geller Dan , Irak Metehan , Blier Pierre 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) experienced in childhood or adolescence is often a chronic disorder with high subjective distress and impairment of family and social functioning. An early comprehensive intervention schedule can have a profound effect on outcome in later years. The clinical manifestations of OCD among children and adolescents do not seem to be inherently different from those of adult patients. In younger subjects, the clinical picture tends to be dominated by compulsions, and insight can be poor, with little recognition of the symptoms as a problem.There is often a shift in symptoms over time, with some symptoms being replaced by others, while in adults, the core obsessions and compulsions tend to be more stable. In addition to depression and anxiety disorders, the spectrum of comorbid psychopathology seen in pediatric OCD patients includes tic, disruptive behavior, and specific developmental disorders. The treatment of childhood and adolescent OCD relies on cognitive-behavioral techniques of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapeutic interventions similar to those recommended in adults. The efficacy of exposure and response prevention in pediatric OCD has been shown in numerous open studies, and four controlled trials. Pharmacotherapy relies on serotonergic medication, and all have been demonstrated to be significantly superior to placebo, as reported in a recently published meta-analysis. Current concerns with the use of SSRIs in children and adolescents were explored as regards OCD and anxiety disorders, and there is no evidence for an increase in suicide or related behaviors.
Identifying Vulnerability Markers in Prodromal Patients: A Step in the Right Direction for Schizophrenia Prevention
Authors: Knowles Lucy , Sharma Tonmoy 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTResearch has shown that many of the long-term deficits that are observable in schizophrenia populations are present prior to the emergence of psychotic symptoms. Recent research suggests schizophrenia has a “prodromal” period, whereby significant changes from premorbid functioning can be observed. Accurate classification of this period could have far-reaching implications for schizophrenia prevention. This article aims to provide an indepth evaluation of the perceived benefits of vulnerability marker research in this unique phase. It is hoped that identification of such markers may improve the predictive potency of prodromal criteria, and perhaps pave the way for future screening and primary prevention strategies.