bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study reasons and motives women tend to Rhinoplasty in Ardabil city
Authors: Zakeri Anahita , Amani Firouz , Aslanian Roghayeh , Abbasi Vahid , Ojaghi Habib 
Published: July 2017

Background: Cosmetic surgery known as prevalent surgeries in the world that annually thousands of people are undergoing cosmetic surgery to change their appearance. Each year more than 200000 cosmetic surgery have been done on patients 18 years and low and about 390000 of them included surgeries such as breast, cosmetic, abdomen and nose. Iran in terms of plastic surgeries performed proportion to total population is located in the first rank of the world. Studies showed that social and mental factors have main role in doing these surgeries. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate the reasons and motives women tend to Rhinoplasty in Ardabil city.Methods: This descriptive-cross sectional study has been done on 120 women 15-50 years referred to cosmetic surgery clinics and centers. Samples selected randomly from centers which doing Rhinoplasty and data collected by a research base questionnaire including information about demographic data, causes and motive of women tend to Rhinoplasty.Results: Most of women were in the age group 15-20 (39.1%). 56.7% of women were married and 45% were housekeeper. 15% of women have history of psychological diseases and 58.3% have history of doing surgery in their family.Conclusions: Results showed that self confidence known as important factor in Rhinoplasty. Personality characteristics, social conditions and environmental factors play an important role in women tend to cosmetic surgery. So, we need doing studies in big samples for recognize the dimensions of effective factors in doing Rhinoplasty among women.
Age and sex related serum changes in nitric oxide and its correlation with plasma lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in healthy ageing individuals
Authors: Sheth Rohit , Bhat Tanmay , N. Suchetha Kumari , Ullal Harshini Devi 
Published: July 2017

Background: The free radical theory of aging postulates that aging results from the accumulation of deleterious effects caused by free radicals, and the ability of an organism to cope with cellular damage induced by ROS plays an important role in determining organismal lifespan. GSH and SOD functions by donating the proton and in scavenging the superoxide radicals, thereby protecting the body against oxidative stress by scavenging the free radicals produced in the body. Glutathione peroxidase also have similar function, it reduce lipid hydroperoxides to their corresponding alcohols and free hydrogen peroxide to water.Methods: Hundred healthy adults from staff and student community under the age group of 20 to 60 years were recruited. Approximately 5ml blood sample was collected and used for the analysis of lipid profile, MDA and antioxidant status using standard protocol.Results: The lipid profile, MDA and antioxidant status were measured and compared with that of serum nitric oxide levels of 100 healthy individuals of the age 20-60 yrs. Men aged 20-29 years showed significantly higher NO levels compared to corresponding women. There is a significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity in elderly people. With the decrease in NO there is increase in MDA is observed.Conclusions: There is a significant reduction in total antioxidant capacity in elderly people. This reduction in antioxidant capacity implies a defect in antioxidant system, may be due to a reduction in individual antioxidant or may be caused by a non-equilibrium or poor cooperation between them.
Prospective study of renal abnormalities in HIV seropositive patients
Authors: Dharvey Avinash John , Singh Ajay Pal , Sophie Kekhrielhouto , Nagvanshi Sapna 
Published: July 2017

Background: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection may lead to renal impairment, however Indian data is limited. The objective of this study was to study clinical, biochemical and radiological spectrum of renal dysfunctions in HIV patients.Methods: Hundred HIV positive patients were studied in Department of Medicine, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior. Detailed history, clinical examination, laboratory investigation (hemoglobin, random blood sugar, CD4 counts, urine analysis (proteinuria, sugar, pus cells, red blood cells), blood urea estimation, serum creatinine and ultrasound of kidneys were done for all the patients.Results: Mean age of the study cohort was 43.09±10.57 years with male predominance. Maximum patients belong to age group of 41-50 years (35%). Majority patients were from urban area (61%), married (86%), belong to low socioeconomic status (91%) and about one third were truck drivers (36%) by profession. Mean CD4 count was 236.14±134.006 whereas, maximum patients had CD4 count of <200 (52%). Most common clinical and radiological finding was edema (18.02% male and 29.41% female) and raised renal echotexture (15.66% male and 5.88% female) respectively. Mean hemoglobin, blood urea, serum creatinine and albumin among male and female were 11.36±11.58, and 9.65±1.90, 53.78±53.99 and 55.03±47.10, 1.33±1.03 and 1.24±0.90, 3.22±0.76 and 3.12±0.69 respectively.Conclusions: Proteinuria, elevated serum creatinine, edema and raised renal echo texture are the early markers of nephropathy in HIV positive patients.
Assessment of IBS symptoms among patients of lower socio-economic strata attending medicine OPD in a tertiary care hospital in South Delhi
Authors: Rehman Sana , Habib Anwar , Ahmad Razi , Baluja Zenis 
Published: July 2017

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder throughout the world with no clear diagnostic markers. The diagnosis relies mostly on clinical presentation. In India, IBS is less estimated in lower socioeconomic group population. The objective of this study was to assess the proportions of symptoms compatible with IBS, and its prevalence among the patients of low socio-economic strata.Methods: An OPD based observational study carried out in a tertiary care hospital in south Delhi for a period of 10 years (Nov-2006 to Oct-2016). This hospital caters to low socioeconomic strata. All the study subjects were interviewed based on questionnaires compatible with Manning and Rome II criteriaResults: Symptoms of IBS was more in male (65.12%) and highest prevalence was in the age group 31 to 35 years (56.62%), flatulence was found to be the most common symptom compatible with IBS (58.37%) followed by pain abdomen (42.9%), loose motion (38.6%) and constipation (30.5%). The other important associated symptoms were headache 47.7% and insomnia in 44.62%.Conclusions: The symptoms compatible with IBS are common among the lower socioeconomic strata leading to a negative impact on their health-related quality of life and work performance, with high rate of physician's visits and further deteriorating their economic condition. Early diagnosis and health education may improve the quality of life and productivity in this population.
A case control study in BMC Sagar to assess the risk factors of COPD
Authors: Pandey Ramesh , Pandey Shikha 
Published: July 2017

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is defined as a disease which is characterized by airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. COPD is a major health concern in India in terms of morbidity and mortality. In a developing country like India, it is a big challenge to limit the growing burden of COPD. A case control study was carried out at Bundelkhand Medical College (BMC) Hospital, Sagar, Madhya Pradesh, IndiaMethods: There were a total of 323 COPD cases and 325 controls which were taken from the patients attending the department of Medicine of BMC. The diagnosis was made by using the standard clinical criteria and was confirmed by spirometry, chest X-ray and Computed Tomography thorax as and when required. A detailed clinical history regarding age, sex, residence, smoking and type of cooking fuel used at home was taken by using predesigned questionnaire.Results: This study shows that proportion of male was higher in case group than in controls. Large percentage of cases of COPD had history of smoking as compared to controls. Mean pack-years of COPD patients was higher as compared to controls.Conclusions: Exposures to active smoking and environment tobacco smoke (ETS) both were found as important risk factors for COPD. Of the other important risk factors were exposure to solid fuel smoke at home mainly in females.
Clinical profile, prognostication and treatment outcomes in non Hodgkins lymphoma
Authors: Dubey A. P. , Singh Rajeshwar , Pathak Abhishek , Viswanath S. , Rathore Anvesh , Pathi Nikhil 
Published: July 2017

Background: Non Hodgkins lymphoma is the most prevalent hematopoietic neoplasm, representing approximately 4% of all cancer diagnoses and ranking seventh in frequency among all cancers. Most of the data that we have is of west and data pertaining to Indian subcontinent is lacking. The aim of this study was to study clinical profile, prognostication, and assess treatment outcome in DLBCL patients in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: 100 patients of DLBCL reporting to a tertiary care hospital between 2013 to 2016 were chosen for the study. All patients were subjected to routine investigation and specialized investigation including bone marrow examination and Positron emission tomography. Patients were treated with standard treatment protocol and their response to treatment were assessed.Results: Study revealed male predominance with median age of onset was 45.6. Anorexia was the most common symptom. Lymphadenopathy was the most common sign. Bone marrow involvement and anemia commensurate each other. Only16% cases presented in IPI score 4 and 5. Complete remission achieved with treatment in stage l and ll disease were beyond 90% and steep decline in complete remission with treatment was noted in stage lll and lV (~70%). 76% patients with DLBCL showed CR, 12.5% showed PR.Conclusions: The present study revealed male preponderance with relatively early age of onset compared to western population. B- cell lymphoma (DLBCL) constituted maximum number of NHL cases (89%). We have found a higher proportion of B cell subtype as compared to other Indian studies, at the same time it corroborated with the findings of western studies. Complete remission achieved with treatment in stage l and ll disease were beyond 90% and steep decline in complete remission with treatment was noted in stage lll and lV (~70%).
State Health Agency and Local Health Department Workforce: Identifying Top Development Needs
Authors: Beck Angela J. , Leider Jonathon P. , Coronado Fatima , Harper Elizabeth 
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To identify occupations with high-priority workforce development needs at public health departments in the United States. Methods. We surveyed 46 state health agencies (SHAs) and 112 local health departments (LHDs). We asked respondents to prioritize workforce needs for 29 occupations and identify whether more positions, more qualified candidates, more competitive salaries for recruitment or retention, or new or different staff skills were needed. Results. Forty-one SHAs (89%) and 36 LHDs (32%) participated. The SHAs reported having high-priority workforce needs for epidemiologists and laboratory workers; LHDs for disease intervention specialists, nurses, and administrative support, management, and leadership positions. Overall, the most frequently reported SHA workforce needs were more qualified candidates and more competitive salaries. The LHDs most frequently reported a need for more positions across occupations and more competitive salaries. Workforce priorities for respondents included strengthening epidemiology workforce capacity, adding administrative positions, and improving compensation to recruit and retain qualified employees. Conclusions. Strategies for addressing workforce development concerns of health agencies include providing additional training and workforce development resources, and identifying best practices for recruitment and retention of qualified candidates.
Undocumented Immigration, Drug Problems, and Driving Under the Influence in the United States, 1990–2014
Authors: Light Michael T. , Miller Ty , Kelly Brian C. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To examine the influence of undocumented immigration in the United States on 4 different metrics of drug and alcohol problems: drug arrests, drug overdose fatalities, driving under the influence (DUI) arrests, and DUI deaths. Methods. We combined newly developed state-level estimates of the undocumented population between 1990 and 2014 from the Center for Migration Studies with arrest data from the Federal Bureau of Investigation Uniform Crime Reports and fatality information from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Underlying Cause of Death database. We used fixed-effects regression models to examine the longitudinal association between increased undocumented immigration and drug problems and drunk driving. Results. Increased undocumented immigration was significantly associated with reductions in drug arrests, drug overdose deaths, and DUI arrests, net of other factors. There was no significant relationship between increased undocumented immigration and DUI deaths. Conclusions. This study provides evidence that undocumented immigration has not increased the prevalence of drug or alcohol problems, but may be associated with reductions in these public health concerns.
Trends in Prescription Opioids Detected in Fatally Injured Drivers in 6 US States: 1995–2015
Authors: Chihuri Stanford , Li Guohua 
Published: July 2017

Objectives. To assess the time trends in prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers. Methods. We analyzed 1995 to 2015 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data from California, Hawaii, Illinois, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and West Virginia of toxicological tests for drivers fatally injured within 1 hour of a crash (n = 36 729). We used the Cochran–Armitage test for trend to assess the statistical significance of changes in the prevalence of prescription opioids detected in these drivers over time. Results. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers increased from 1.0% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.5, 1.4) in 1995 to 7.2% (95% CI = 5.7, 8.8) in 2015 (Z = −9.04; P < .001). Prescription opioid prevalence was higher in female than in male drivers (4.4% vs 2.9%; P < .001). Of the drivers testing positive for prescription opioids, 30.0% had elevated blood alcohol concentrations (≥ 0.01 g/dL), and 66.9% tested positive for other drugs. Conclusions. The prevalence of prescription opioids detected in fatally injured drivers has increased in the past 2 decades. The need to assess the effect of increased prescription opioid use on traffic safety is urgent.
Greenhouse Gas Emissions after Application of Landfilled Paper Mill Sludge for Land Reclamation of a Nonacidic Mine Tailings Site
Authors: Faubert Patrick , Durocher Simon , Bertrand Normand , Ouimet Rock , Rochette Philippe , Tremblay Pascal , Boucher Jean‐François , Villeneuve Claude 
Published: July 2017

Large areas of mine tailings are reclaimed by applying organic amendments such as paper mill sludge (PMS). Although mining industries can use PMS freshly generated by paper mills, operational constraints on paper industries make temporary landfilling of this material an unavoidable alternative for the paper industries, creating the most prominent PMS source for mining industries. This study aimed to quantify soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (N2O, CO2, and CH4) after application of landfilled PMS (LPMS; i.e., excavated from a landfill site at a paper mill) and LPMS combined with a seeding treatment of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) on nonacidic mine tailings site prior to reforestation. Soil N2O, CO2, and CH4 fluxes were measured after applications of 50 and 100 Mg dry LPMS ha−1 during two consecutive snow‐free seasons on two adjacent sites; LPMS was applied once in the first season. The LPMS application increased N2O emissions (7.6 to 34.7 kg N2O‐N ha−1, comprising 1.04 to 2.43% of applied N) compared with the unamended control during the first season; these emissions were negligible during the second season. The LPMS application increased CO2 emissions (∼5800 to 11,400 kg CO2–C ha−1, comprising 7 to 27% of applied C) compared with the unamended control on both sites and in both seasons. Fluxes of CH4 were negligible. White clover combined with LPMS treatments did not affect soil GHG emissions. These new GHG emission factors should be integrated into life‐cycle analyses to evaluate the C footprint of potential symbioses between the mining and paper industries. Future research should focus on the effect of PMS applications on soil GHG emissions from a variety of mine tailings under various management practices and climatic conditions to plan responsible and sustainable land reclamation.Core Ideas
Applied PMS for mine tailings reclamation affected GHG emissions.
PMS application increased N2O and CO2 emissions, whereas CH4 fluxes were negligible.
White clover combined with PMS treatments did not affect soil GHG emissions.
Mine and paper industries can integrate these GHG emissions into industrial symbioses.
Canadian and Australian researchers' perspectives on promising practices for implementing Indigenous and Western knowledge systems in water research and management
Authors: Stefanelli R. D. , Castleden H. , Cunsolo A. , Martin D. , Harper S. L. , Hart C. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
National and international policies have called for the inclusion of Indigenous peoples and the uptake of Indigenous knowledge alongside Western knowledge in natural resource management. Such policy decisions have led to a recent proliferation of research projects seeking to apply both Indigenous and Western knowledge in water research and management. While these policies require people with knowledge from both Western and Indigenous perspectives to collaborate and share knowledge, how best to create and foster these partnerships is less understood. To elicit this understanding, 17 semi-structured interviews were completed with academic researchers from Canada and Australia who conduct integrative water research. Participants, most of whom were non-Indigenous, were asked to expand on their experiences in conducting integrative water research projects, and findings were thematically analyzed. Our findings suggest that Indigenous and Western knowledge systems influence how one relates to water, and that partnerships require a recognition and acceptance of these differences. We learned that community-based participatory research approaches, and the associated tenets of fostering mutual trust and community ownership for such an approach, are integral to the meaningful engagement that is essential for developing collaborative partnerships to implement both Indigenous and Western knowledge systems and better care for water.
Incorporating pollutants interaction with the environment and parameter uncertainty in water quality evaluation: a case of Lake Chauhan, China
Authors: Ni Jingneng , Xu Jiuping , Zhang Mengxiang 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Water quality evaluation is a key task in water resource management and pollution control. Current evaluation methods are rooted in water quality index, which assesses the water quality based on the exact concentration of various pollutants. However, the interaction between the pollutants and the water environment should also be considered. This paper suggests a new approach, which integrates pollutant interaction with water environment and parameter uncertainty to water quality evaluation. The new approach is compared with traditional methods. Then, an inexact evaluation model, the integrated water quality evaluation model under uncertainty, is established in accordance with the proposed approach, in which catastrophe theory is used to deal with the ambiguous internal mechanism of the interaction between the pollutants and the water environment. As there are significant uncertainties in water quality evaluations, fuzzy random variables are employed to describe the inexact monitoring data. To solve the proposed model, a new algorithm is designed. The model is then applied to an actual case: Lake Chaohu, China. The results are compared between the proposed method and China's current evaluation method (i.e. max-index method). Some brief analysis and discussion are given about the results, which could be helpful in guiding environmental management decision-making.
Velocity-based analysis of sediment incipient deposition in rigid boundary open channels
Authors: Aksoy Hafzullah , Safari Mir Jafar Sadegh , Unal Necati Erdem , Mohammadi Mirali 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDrainage systems must be designed in a way to minimize undesired problems such as decrease in hydraulic capacity of the channel, blockage and transport of pollutants due to deposition of sediment. Channel design considering self-cleansing criteria are used to solve the sedimentation problem. Incipient deposition is one of the non-deposition self-cleansing design criteria that can be used as a conservative method for channel design. Experimental studies have been carried out in five different cross-section channels, namely trapezoidal, rectangular, circular, U-shape and V-bottom. Experiments were performed in a tilting flume using four different sizes of sands as sediment in nine different channel bed slopes. Two well-known methods, namely the Novak & Nalluri and Yang methods are considered for the analysis of sediment motion. Equations developed using experimental data are found to be in agreement with the literature. It is concluded that the design velocity depends on the shape of the channel cross-section. Rectangular and V-bottom channels need lower and higher incipient deposition velocities, respectively, in comparison with other channels.
The Lessons that Tolstoy and Father Sergius Hold for Public Administration: Revisiting Three Root Questions
Authors: Bellos Nondas 
Published: July 2017

This essay revisits three root questions relevant to public administration: To whom or what does one owe loyalty? Do we need complex institutions? What moral principles should guide public administration? The author draws inspiration from both the life of Leo Tolstoy and his short story titled Father Sergius. The two have many parallels with inherent lessons for individual public administrators. The essay comes to the conclusion that the principle of the good example can serve as a paradigm for the field of ethics.
Two Teak Cabinets
Authors: Mendell Jay S. 
Published: July 2017

Bureaucracy humiliates a young anthropology professor by forcing her to occupy a laboratory, though she believes her predecessor lies dead in that very laboratory within a locked cabinet. By studying her predecessor's singular resourcefulness and aggressiveness, Dr. Ewing Jones learns to vanquish the academic bureaucrats, gain control of her workspace, win respect from her colleagues, and inflict especially sordid punishment on her opponents.