bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Undergraduate Moot Court: Student Expectations and Perspectives
Authors: Kammerer Edward F. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT
Moot court is a common practice in law schools and growing in popularity at the undergraduate level. As part of the move to incorporate more active learning elements, instructors in a variety of courses include moot court elements in their syllabi. Courses, however, are not the only place where undergraduate students encounter moot court. Increasingly, students compete in moot court at the intercollegiate level. This paper examines those students who compete in moot court tournaments sponsored by the American Moot Court Association to determine what motivates these students and what benefits these students believe they receive from their participation. Survey results show that students are motivated to participate in moot court for academic reasons, that they believe their critical thinking and public speaking skills improve, and that, despite its heavy work load and difficulty, moot court is also fun.
Solar system expansion and strong equivalence principle as seen by the NASA MESSENGER mission
Authors: Genova Antonio , Mazarico Erwan , Goossens Sander , Lemoine Frank G. , Neumann Gregory A. , Smith David E. , Zuber Maria T. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe NASA MESSENGER mission explored the innermost planet of the solar system and obtained a rich data set of range measurements for the determination of Mercury’s ephemeris. Here we use these precise data collected over 7 years to estimate parameters related to general relativity and the evolution of the Sun. These results confirm the validity of the strong equivalence principle with a significantly refined uncertainty of the Nordtvedt parameter η = (−6.6 ± 7.2) × 10−5. By assuming a metric theory of gravitation, we retrieved the post-Newtonian parameter β = 1 + (−1.6 ± 1.8) × 10−5 and the Sun’s gravitational oblateness, $${{J}}_{2 \odot }$$

J

2
⊙

= (2.246 ± 0.022) × 10−7. Finally, we obtain an estimate of the time variation of the Sun gravitational parameter, $$\dot{{G} {{M}}_ \odot} {\mathrm{/}}{{G}}{{M}}_ \odot$$

G

M

⊙

°

∕
G

M

⊙

= (−6.13 ± 1.47) × 10−14, which is consistent with the expected solar mass loss due to the solar wind and interior processes. This measurement allows us to constrain $$\left| {{\dot{ G}}} \right|{\mathrm{/}}{{G}}$$

G

°

∕
G
to be <4 × 10−14 per year.
Bimolecular recombination in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite is an inverse absorption process
Authors: Davies Christopher L. , Filip Marina R. , Patel Jay B. , Crothers Timothy W. , Verdi Carla , Wright Adam D. , Milot Rebecca L. , Giustino Feliciano , Johnston Michael B. , Herz Laura M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPhotovoltaic devices based on metal halide perovskites are rapidly improving in efficiency. Once the Shockley–Queisser limit is reached, charge-carrier extraction will be limited only by radiative bimolecular recombination of electrons with holes. Yet, this fundamental process, and its link with material stoichiometry, is still poorly understood. Here we show that bimolecular charge-carrier recombination in methylammonium lead triiodide perovskite can be fully explained as the inverse process of absorption. By correctly accounting for contributions to the absorption from excitons and electron-hole continuum states, we are able to utilise the van Roosbroeck–Shockley relation to determine bimolecular recombination rate constants from absorption spectra. We show that the sharpening of photon, electron and hole distribution functions significantly enhances bimolecular charge recombination as the temperature is lowered, mirroring trends in transient spectroscopy. Our findings provide vital understanding of band-to-band recombination processes in this hybrid perovskite, which comprise direct, fully radiative transitions between thermalized electrons and holes.
CA1 and CA3 differentially support spontaneous retrieval of episodic contexts within human hippocampal subfields
Authors: Dimsdale-Zucker Halle R. , Ritchey Maureen , Ekstrom Arne D. , Yonelinas Andrew P. , Ranganath Charan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe hippocampus plays a critical role in spatial and episodic memory. Mechanistic models predict that hippocampal subfields have computational specializations that differentially support memory. However, there is little empirical evidence suggesting differences between the subfields, particularly in humans. To clarify how hippocampal subfields support human spatial and episodic memory, we developed a virtual reality paradigm where participants passively navigated through houses (spatial contexts) across a series of videos (episodic contexts). We then used multivariate analyses of high-resolution fMRI data to identify neural representations of contextual information during recollection. Multi-voxel pattern similarity analyses revealed that CA1 represented objects that shared an episodic context as more similar than those from different episodic contexts. CA23DG showed the opposite pattern, differentiating between objects encountered in the same episodic context. The complementary characteristics of these subfields explain how we can parse our experiences into cohesive episodes while retaining the specific details that support vivid recollection.
BLM helicase suppresses recombination at G-quadruplex motifs in transcribed genes
Authors: van Wietmarschen Niek , Merzouk Sarra , Halsema Nancy , Spierings Diana C. J. , Guryev Victor , Lansdorp Peter M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBloom syndrome is a cancer predisposition disorder caused by mutations in the BLM helicase gene. Cells from persons with Bloom syndrome exhibit striking genomic instability characterized by excessive sister chromatid exchange events (SCEs). We applied single-cell DNA template strand sequencing (Strand-seq) to map the genomic locations of SCEs. Our results show that in the absence of BLM, SCEs in human and murine cells do not occur randomly throughout the genome but are strikingly enriched at coding regions, specifically at sites of guanine quadruplex (G4) motifs in transcribed genes. We propose that BLM protects against genome instability by suppressing recombination at sites of G4 structures, particularly in transcribed regions of the genome.
Cytogenomic identification and long-read single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing of a Bardet–Biedl Syndrome 9 (BBS9) deletion
Authors: Reiner Jennifer , Pisani Laura , Qiao Wanqiong , Singh Ram , Yang Yao , Shi Lisong , Khan Wahab A. , Sebra Robert , Cohen Ninette , Babu Arvind , Edelmann Lisa , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Scott Stuart A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBardet–Biedl syndrome (BBS) is a recessive disorder characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, including truncal obesity, rod-cone dystrophy, renal anomalies, postaxial polydactyly, and variable developmental delays. At least 20 genes have been implicated in BBS, and all are involved in primary cilia function. We report a 1-year-old male child from Guyana with obesity, postaxial polydactyly on his right foot, hypotonia, ophthalmologic abnormalities, and developmental delay, which together indicated a clinical diagnosis of BBS. Clinical chromosomal microarray (CMA) testing and high-throughput BBS gene panel sequencing detected a homozygous 7p14.3 deletion of exons 1–4 of BBS9 that was encompassed by a 17.5 Mb region of homozygosity at chromosome 7p14.2–p21.1. The precise breakpoints of the deletion were delineated to a 72.8 kb region in the proband and carrier parents by third-generation long-read single molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing (Pacific Biosciences), which suggested non-homologous end joining as a likely mechanism of formation. Long-read SMRT sequencing of the deletion breakpoints also determined that the aberration included the neighboring RP9 gene implicated in retinitis pigmentosa; however, the clinical significance of this was considered uncertain given the paucity of reported cases with unambiguous RP9 mutations. Taken together, our study characterized a BBS9 deletion, and the identification of this shared haplotype in the parents suggests that this pathogenic aberration may be a BBS founder mutation in the Guyanese population. Importantly, this informative case also highlights the utility of long-read SMRT sequencing to map nucleotide breakpoints of clinically relevant structural variants.
NIPBL+/− haploinsufficiency reveals a constellation of transcriptome disruptions in the pluripotent and cardiac states
Authors: Mills Jason A. , Herrera Pamela S , Kaur Maninder , Leo Lanfranco , McEldrew Deborah , Tintos-Hernandez Jesus A , Rajagopalan Ramakrishnan , Gagne Alyssa , Zhang Zhe , Ortiz-Gonzalez Xilma R. , Krantz Ian D. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is a complex disorder with multiple structural and developmental defects caused by mutations in structural and regulatory proteins involved in the cohesin complex. NIPBL, a cohesin regulatory protein, has been identified as a critical protein responsible for the orchestration of transcriptomic regulatory networks necessary for embryonic development. Mutations in NIPBL are responsible for the majority of cases of CdLS. Through RNA-sequencing of human induced pluripotent stem cells and in vitro-derived cardiomyocytes, we identified hundreds of mRNAs, pseudogenes, and non-coding RNAs with altered expression in NIPBL+/− patient-derived cells. We demonstrate that NIPBL haploinsufficiency leads to upregulation of gene sets identified in functions related to nucleosome, chromatin assembly, RNA modification and downregulation of Wnt signaling, cholesterol biosynthesis and vesicular transport in iPSC and cardiomyocytes. Mutations in NIPBL result in the dysregulation of many genes responsible for normal heart development likely resulting in the variety of structural cardiac defects observed in the CdLS population.
Novel Immunoinformatics Approaches to Design Multi-epitope Subunit Vaccine for Malaria by Investigating Anopheles Salivary Protein
Authors: Pandey Rajan Kumar , Bhatt Tarun Kumar , Prajapati Vijay Kumar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMalaria fever has been pervasive for quite a while in tropical developing regions causing high morbidity and mortality. The causal organism is a protozoan parasite of genus Plasmodium which spreads to the human host by the bite of hitherto infected female Anopheles mosquito. In the course of biting, a salivary protein of Anopheles helps in blood feeding behavior and having the ability to elicit the host immune response. This study represents a series of immunoinformatics approaches to design multi-epitope subunit vaccine using Anopheles mosquito salivary proteins. Designed subunit vaccine was evaluated for its immunogenicity, allergenicity and physiochemical parameters. To enhance the stability of vaccine protein, disulfide engineering was performed in a region of high mobility. Codon adaptation and in silico cloning was also performed to ensure the higher expression of designed subunit vaccine in E. coli K12 expression system. Finally, molecular docking and simulation study was performed for the vaccine protein and TLR-4 receptor, to determine the binding free energy and complex stability. Moreover, the designed subunit vaccine was found to induce anti-salivary immunity which may have the ability to prevent the entry of Plasmodium sporozoites into the human host.
Increased diversity with reduced “diversity evenness” of tumor infiltrating T-cells for the successful cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Hosoi Akihiro , Takeda Kazuyoshi , Nagaoka Koji , Iino Tamaki , Matsushita Hirokazu , Ueha Satoshi , Aoki Shin , Matsushima Kouji , Kubo Masato , Morikawa Teppei , Kitaura Kazutaka , Suzuki Ryuji , Kakimi Kazuhiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTo facilitate the optimization of cancer immunotherapy lacking immune-related adverse events, we performed TCR repertoire analysis of tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T-cells in B16 melanoma-bearing mice receiving anti-PD-1, anti-CTLA-4, anti-4-1BB, anti-CD4 or a combination of anti-PD-1 and 4-1BB antibodies. Although CD8+ T-cells in the tumor were activated and expanded to a greater or lesser extent by these therapies, tumor growth suppression was achieved only by anti-PD-1, anti-PD-1/4-1BB combined, or by anti-CD4 treatment, but not by anti-CTLA-4 or anti-4-1BB monotherapy. Increased CD8+ T cell effector function and TCR diversity with enrichment of certain TCR clonotypes in the tumor was associated with anti-tumor effects. In contrast, polyclonal activation of T-cells in the periphery was associated with tissue damage. Thus, optimal combination therapy increases TCR diversity with extended activation of selective CD8+ T-cells specifically in the tumor but not in the periphery. Incorporation of the concept of evenness for the TCR diversity is proposed.
Patients over 40 years old with precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma have different prognostic factors comparing to the youngers
Authors: Dong Meng , Zhang Xudong , Yang Zhenzhen , Wu Shaoxuan , Ma Mijing , Li Zhaoming , Chang Yu , Wang Xinhua , Li Ling , Li Xin , Zhang Mingzhi , Chen Qingjiang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of patients, divided into over 40-year-old group or not, with precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (Pre-T-LBL). Based on the retrospective analysis of the clinical data of 59 patients with Pre-T-LBL during the period from December 2010 to December 2015, albumin level, anemia, pleural or pericardial effusion, protocol, therapy response, mediastinal mass, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and international prognostic index (IPI) or age-adjusted international prognostic index (aaIPI) were summarized. For patients aged <40 years, factors correlating with poor progression-free survival (PFS) were pleural or pericardial effusion, regimen, albumin level and therapy response. Pleural or pericardial effusion, aaIPI score, regimen, LDH increased, albumin level, therapy response and mediastinal mass were all related with poor overall survival (OS). In the patients aged ≥40 years, only anemia associated with PFS. However, anemia, involvement of bone marrow and therapeutic response were all related with poor OS. In conclusion, the patients with Pre-T-LBL are characterized by a low incidence and bad prognosis. Different prognostic factors can be discovered for patients over 40-year-old with Pre-T-LBL comparing to the youngers. New prognostic evaluation factors should be explored for patients ≥40 years old.
One-piece Orbitozygomatic Craniotomy for Resection of Rathke's Cleft Cyst: Operative Video
Authors: Dossani Rimal , Patra Devi , Storey Christopher , Kalakoti Piyush , Sun Hai 
Published: January 2018

Objective The video stars orbitozygomatic resection of Rathke's cleft cyst with suprasellar extension in a 37-year-old male patient presenting with severe headaches and bitemporal hemianopia. Clinical and radiological characteristics along with surgical technique (positioning, bony opening, surgical dissection and debulking, closure), histopathology, and postoperative course are described.
Methods Preoperative MRI demonstrated a noncontrast-enhancing cystic lesion in the sella with suprasellar extension causing compression of both optic nerves. A one-piece orbitozygomatic craniotomy was performed. The tumor was encountered in the interoptic space. First, the cyst was decompressed and fluid appearing like motor oil was aspirated. Both optic nerves were decompressed and dissected free from the cyst wall. Intraoperatively, the most challenging aspect was separating the tumor from surrounding vascular structures, including bilateral A1 arteries and the left carotid bifurcation. A combination of sharp and blunt dissection was utilized to free the tumor from adhesions to critical neurovascular structures. Once freed, the suprasellar aspect of the tumor was mobilized into the operative cavity and debulked. Finally, the sellar component of the tumor was removed all the way down to the sellar floor. Postoperative MRI demonstrated decompressed bilateral optic nerves with an intact pituitary stalk with preservation of normal pituitary gland. Histopathology identified pathognomonic features consistent with diagnosis of Rathke's cleft cyst, including flattened ciliated epithelium and presence of Rathke's cleft remnants.
Results Postoperatively, bilateral improvement in vision was noted with transient diabetes insipidus. Patient was discharged home on postoperative day 4.
Conclusion A one-piece orbitozygomatic craniotomy is an effective and safe strategy for resection of Rathke's cleft cysts with suprasellar extension.The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/-Yqtcd2gLSs.
Diagnóstico e conduta cirúrgica nos meningiomas de tubérculo selar
Authors: Mattei Tobias Alécio , Ramina Ricardo , Milano Jerônimo Buzetti , Aguiar Paulo Henrique , Mattei Josias Alécio 
Published: January 2018

ResumoOs meningiomas do tubérculo selar, juntamente com os da goteira olfatória, estão entre os tumores mais freqüentes da fossa craniana anterior. Os sintomas característicos são déficits visuais, distúrbios do comportamento, crises epilépticas, anosmia e déficits motores. Devido a seu crescimento lento, o período do início dos sintomas até o diagnóstico tende a ser longo, geralmente excedendo dois anos. Quando o tumor atinge mais de 4 cm e comprime as estruturas neurovasculares adjacentes, a possibilidade de remoção cirúrgica total é limitada e a chance de melhora na função visual é baixa. O tratamento ideal dos meningiomas de tubérculo selar é a ressecção completa do tumor com descompressão dos vasos e parênquima cerebral adjacentes. Em virtude da escassez de grupos experientes especializados em cirurgia da base do crânio, muitos dos pacientes portadores de meningiomas de tubérculo selar são tratados em alguns centros com procedimentos alternativos, os quais apresentam resultados significativamente piores que as séries cirúrgicas mais recentes publicadas na literatura. Neste artigo, os autores apresentam um panorama geral acerca dos métodos diagnósticos para detecção e avaliação pré-operatória dos meningiomas de tubérculo selar. Também são enfatizados os benefícios do tratamento cirúrgico, o qual, se realizado por uma equipe experiente, pode ser curativo, apresentando menor morbidade que outras modalidades terapêuticas.
Detecção imuno-histoquímica de células apoptóticas em glioblastoma recidivante de paciente tratado com álcool perílico por via inalatória
Authors: da Fonseca Clovis Orlando , Silva Hilda Petrs , Futuro Débora , Miguez Leonardo , Nagel Janaina , Ribas Vinícius , Linden Rafael , Schwartsmann Gilberto , Gattass Cerli Rocha , Quirico-Santos Thereza 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Introdução: Estudos in vitro mostram que radioterapia e/ou quimioterapia podem ativar as vias de sinalização do receptor do fator de crescimento epidérmico (EGFR) e Ras, aumentando a resistência cruzada das células de glioblastomas multiformes (GBM) ao tratamento. A inibição das atividades de EGFR e Ras através de inibidores tirosinas cinases elimina o antagonismo observado à administração seqüencial destas modalidades terapêuticas, induzindo apoptose nestas células. Em estudo prévio demonstramos que o tratamento com o álcool perílico (AP), inibidor da farnesilação da Ras, induz apoptose em linhagens celulares e células de explante de GBM. Objetivo: No presente estudo investigamos se a regressão parcial observada em GBM recorrente de paciente tratado com administração intranasal de AP é mediada por apoptose. Resultado: Ensaios com TUNEL (deoxynucleotidyl-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate) e caspase-3 ativada evidenciaram presença de células apoptóticas nas lâminas de GBM tratado. Conclusão: Esses achados sugerem que estratégias adjuvantes visando à inativação das vias de sinalização do EGFR e Ras podem melhorar tanto a eficácia de terapia isolada como de terapia multimodal em gliomas.
Aspergilose do sistema nervoso central após transplante hepático: Relato de caso
Authors: Rocha Júnior Marco Antonio , Paula Guimarães Thaís de , Souza Gomes Elisa Conci de , dos Santos Juliana Machado Santiago , Ferreira Starling Carlos Ernesto 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Introdução: O acometimento do sistema nervoso central pelo Aspergillus é muito grave e com alto índice de mortalidade. Relato de caso: Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente transplantada hepática em uso de imunossupressores que evoluiu com piora clínica. Tomografia computadorizada e ressonância magnética revelaram múltiplas lesões cerebrais. Em decorrência de má condição clínica da paciente, optou-se pelo tratamento conservador e em três dias ela evolui para óbito. Estudo anatomopatológico constatou quadro compatível com aspergilose. Discussão: Em pacientes imunossuprimidos, a suspeita precoce da infecção central fúngica é essencial para tentar evitar uma evolução catastrófica como no caso relatado.
Melanocitoma meníngeo intramedular dorsal: Relato de caso
Authors: Polónia Patrícia , Lopes Tiago , Vilarinho António , Gonçalves Vitor , Cerejo António , Vaz Rui 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Contexto: O melanocitoma meníngeo é uma lesão infrequente, benigna, mas localmente agressiva. Sua localização intramedular é muito rara, existindo apenas três casos descritos na literatura. A propósito deste caso clínico, os autores reveem a literatura e discutem as características clínicas, imagiológicas e histológicas desse tipo de lesão. Relato do caso: Homem de 54 anos de idade com melanocitoma meníngeo intramedular dorsal (T11). Clinicamente apresentou, de início, disestesias torácicas, sem déficits neurológicos associados, que se mantiveram estáveis ao longo de dois anos. Após esse período teve instalação súbita de paraparesia. O diagnóstico definitivo foi estabelecido por exame histológico e imunocitoquímico após ressecção cirúrgica parcial da lesão. A pesquisa de melanoma maligno cutâneo-mucoso ou ocular foi negativa. Apesar de evolução inicial favorável apresentou recrescimento tumoral dois anos e meio após a primeira cirurgia, sendo reoperado. Apesar da ausência de complicações diretamente relacionadas com a cirurgia, acabou por falecer por sepsis na sequência de ruptura de diverticulite intestinal semanas depois.
Abordagem atual aos aneurismas do topo da artéria basilar
Authors: Pires Aguiar Paulo Henrique , Tahara Adriana , Fuke Patricia Lure , Panagopoulos Alexandros Theodoros , Esteves Veiga José Carlos 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Objetivo: Revisão crítica das abordagens atuais para aneurismas do topo da artéria basilar. Análise dos aspectos anatômicos e angiográficos relevantes para cirurgia. Métodos: Revisão crítica da literatura e relato da experiência dos autores. Resultados: Os principais acessos para aneurismas de topo de basilar de acordo com sua posição em relação ao dorso da sela são: Kawase transpetroso para os aneurismas baixos, transcavernoso para os médios e temporopolar para os altos. A monitoração eletrofisiológica e com doppler pode minimizar complicações isquêmicas por clipagem prolongada, estenose ou fechamento inadvertido de perfurantes. Neuroproteção e hipotermia devem ser consideradas em lesões gigantes e complexas. Lesões complexas geralmente excedem ao tratamento endovascular. Conclusão: Existe uma tendência na literatura a considerar o tratamento cirúrgico dos aneurismas como método ultrapassado; entretanto a tecnologia de novas formas de proteção cerebral, técnicas microcirúrgicas e evolução dos clipes são indispensáveis para lidar com o cérebro em condições ruins na fase aguda. Os procedimentos endovasculares não drenam hematomas, não tratam hidrocefalia nem retiram coágulos das cisternas para prevenir o vasoespasmo. Entretanto é necessário um seguimento a longo prazo para uma avaliação mais precisa. O neurocirurgião deve dominar as duas opções de tratamento e ser hábil para indicar o tratamento mais apropriado.