bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
“Almost Every Place, Every Rock, Had A Name”: A Consideration of Place-Name Density on King Island, Alaska
Authors: Kingston Deanna Paniataaq 
Published: February 2017

King Island, Alaska, has a relatively high place-name density of 45 place names per square mile. King Island Inupiat elders and community members, with the help of Western scientists (including a linguist, an anthropologist, an archaeologist and biologists), documented 163 place names over the 3.5 square mile area of King Island (Ugiuvak), Alaska. This is 1.5 times to 3500 times denser than what is reported for other communities in the literature. This article poses factors that might contribute to high place-name density, including: (a) length of time the island had been inhabited; (b) the fact that it is an island, bounded by water, thus limiting mobility; (c) the relatively high (for the arctic) population density; (d) the intense use of the island for subsistence purposes; and (e) for navigation purposes. In 2003, the National Science Foundation (NSF) funded the project entitled Documenting the Cultural Geography, Biogeography, and Traditional Ecological Knowledge of King Island, Alaska (Grant #OPP-0328235). The idea for the project was suggested by King Island elder Marie Saclamana in 1997, when she told me that “almost every place, every rock, had a name.” She wanted to bring King Island elders back to King Island to map these place names. The NSF-funded project did just that: in the summers of 2005 and 2006, approximately 15–20 elders and another 25–30 other community members went to King Island and mapped place names as well as subsistence and archaeological sites. The elders were assisted by a multidisciplinary team of scientists, including anthropologists, archaeologists, biologists, a linguist and a videographer. Overall, we mapped 163 places on King Island.
Wahi a Kahiko: Place Names as Vehicles of Ancestral Memory
Authors: Oliveira Katrina-Ann R. Kapā'AnaokalāOkeola NāKoa 
Published: February 2017

Hawai'i is the most isolated landmass in the world and thus ancient Native Hawaiians relied on the local resources of the land, sea and sky for their sustenance. Their dependence on nature fostered a close relationship with the environment, so much so that according to Hawaiian history, the land was considered to be the kaikua'ana (older sibling) of the Indigenous people of Hawai'i (Kame'eleihiwa, 1992, p. 25). This intimate relationship with the environment is still evident in the names that are bestowed on places. Almost every stretch of land, from entire islands to home lots, was named; every place considered to be significant to traditional Hawaiians was honoured with its own name. This paper explores the cultural politics of place names in Hawai'i by revealing the close relationship that the traditional Indigenous people of Hawai'i generally enjoyed with the land, and by acknowledging the power of Hawaiian place names and “mapping” practices to narrate history, encode meaning and inscribe the landscape. It then addresses the linguistic and toponymic changes imposed upon the landscape as a result of the occupation and colonization of the Hawaiian Islands. Finally, this paper strongly advocates for preserving and restoring Hawaiian place names.
Situation Report
Authors: G/Ao Hacky Kx'ami 
Published: February 2017

Ju/'hoansi kokxui o dhari-a kaice n/a'ng te koh kokxui ka /'ae te /oa /ore ka /'ae, te //a'ke /ore ka /'ae, te cete tzin te ku kxui-a u ka /'ae. Ka //a'ke ku doq'm ka /'ae, khama ju te //a'ike !xoana doq'ma khoe, kota ?abace du !kom. Ka kokxui /'ae-asi xabe g/ae //hai tih ko barahsa ke he g/ae. Khama ka m /oa n?ai //koa ka /'ae ko kantor n!angsi, the koara g!a'amsisi. The Ju/'hoansi language is a nice language, which was only spoken by the Ju/'hoan people themselves and was not written. Now that it has been written, it is slowly destructing itself. The language is now mixed up due to people of different ethnic groups living in the same places and to intermarriage. The language itself will suffer in the future. The language is not commonly used in the workplace as the medium of instruction.
The Blame Game
Authors: Penney Liane , Barnes Helen Moewaka , Mccreanor Tim 
Published: February 2017

This paper draws on a qualitative action research investigation of the treatment of Māori with ischaemic heart disease, in the course of which interview data were gathered from individual patients and health care providers. Thematic analysis is used to describe clinicians’ discourses around uptake of medical advice by Māori patients. We contrast these views with the experiences of Māori users of health care to highlight differences in the ways the two groups approach the issues. Clinicians widely described Māori patients as non-compliant in relation to their health. Explanations of non-compliance were diverse, ranging from Māori ignorance and poverty to attributions of wilfulness and self-destructive-ness. The experiences of Māori patients suggest engaged, proactive and mindful health-seeking—at odds with the predominant clinician discourses. The findings are discussed as a factor in the cultural competence of clinicians to work successfully with Māori, with implications for improved practice and better outcomes for Māori.
Mana Whenua Kaitiakitanga in Action: Restoring the Mauri of Lake Ōmāpere
Authors: Henwood Wendy , Henwood Remana 
Published: February 2017

Mana whenua (people with customary authority over land) have been grappling with the environmental collapse of Lake Ōmāpere in the north of New Zealand. The situation is of immense significance to us and Ngāpuhi-nuitonu (Northland tribes and sub-tribes). Use of the lake resource is determined by the health of the lake; the health of the lake and the health of people are intertwined. A restoration strategy was developed in 2005. This article provides some context for the key issues relating to the Lake Ōmāpere situation, discusses the community action approach taken and describes a climate of environmental mobilization where mana whenua knowledge and experiences are at the forefront of restoration. The account highlights the complex and multi-faceted nature of approaches to restore the ecological sustainability of these important waterways.
“Chattling the Indigenous Other”
Authors: Neeganagwedgin Erica 
Published: February 2017

Many historians writing about Canadian history have failed to acknowledge, and some have even downright ignored, the history of chattel slavery that existed within Canada where Aboriginal people were bought and sold like commodities. Generally, when one thinks of chattel slavery, there are images of people of African ancestry being branded, whipped and labouring in cotton and tobacco fields or on sugar plantations. Yet, this is only part of a much more complex canvas of slavery in the “New World”. And while the history of chattel slavery as it pertains to people of African ancestry is relatively unknown and at times distorted, as is the case particularly in the educational system in Canada, it comes as even more of a surprise to most that Aboriginal peoples in Canada were also enslaved. This analysis includes a review of particular accounts of Indigenous people as chattel slaves in Canada. As mentioned, this is a topic seldom discussed. I investigate the connection between colonialism, notions of racial superiority and chattel slavery, using an anti-colonial theoretical framework to contextualize this history of slavery, and examine chattel slavery and the enslavement of Aboriginal people.
Association of seven renin angiotensin system gene polymorphisms with restenosis in patients following coronary stenting
Authors: Zhu Min , Yang Minjun , Lin Jiangbo , Zhu Huanhuan , Lu Yifei , Wang Bing , Xue Yinshen , Fang Congfeng , Tang Lijiang , Xu Baohui , Jiang Jianjun , Chen Xiaofeng 
Published: February 2017

Background and objective: Percutaneous coronary intervention, despite being effective for coronary revascularization, causes in-stent restenosis due to neointimal hyperplasia in a large number of patients. The renin-angiotensin system is involved in neointimal hyperplasia. This study sought to evaluate seven gene polymorphisms of key renin-angiotensin system components, including angiotensinogen, angiotensin-converting enzyme and angiotensin II type 1a receptors, and their associations with in-stent restenosis in patients with coronary artery disease following coronary stenting. Methods and results: Three hundred and fifty-two patients undergoing coronary drug-eluting stent implantation were recruited. Seventy-five patients (21.3%) were diagnosed as restenosis by angiography. Genotyping for angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion demonstrated a significant association of angiotensin-converting enzyme DD genotype with the occurrence of restenosis. Direct DNA sequencing revealed no association of angiotensinogen (M235T, G217A, G152A, G-6A, and A-20C) or angiotensin II type I receptor A1166C polymorphisms with in-stent restenosis. However, angiotensin II type 1a A1166C polymorphism was significantly associated with increased susceptibility to restenosis in a subgroup of patients aged more than 60 years. Conclusion: Thus, our study suggests that genetic polymorphisms of angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion are associated with in-stent restenosis in coronary artery disease patients following coronary stenting.
Comparison of Postoperative Outcomes in Elderly Patients With a Do-Not-Resuscitate Order Undergoing Elective and Nonelective Hip Surgery
Authors: Beverly Anair , Brovman Ethan Y. , Urman Richard D. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose: Emergency hip surgery generally has worse outcomes than elective hip surgery, even when adjusted for patient and surgical factors. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) status patients are typically at higher perioperative risk and undergo a narrow range of surgical procedures. We aimed to compare the outcomes after hip surgery of differing degrees of urgency in this cohort. Materials and Methods: Using National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) data, we conducted univariate and multivariate analyses comparing outcomes of DNR status patients after emergency and nonemergency hip surgery (2007-2013). We conducted a subanalysis of mortality in elective versus nonelective cases (elective variable introduced from 2011). Results: Of 668 hip surgery cases in DNR status patients, 210 (31.4%) were emergency and 458 (68.8%) were nonemergency. There were no significant associations between emergency and nonemergency surgery regarding patient demographics, comorbidities, functional capacity, anesthesia type, or operative duration. There was no significant difference in the 30-day postoperative mortality between emergency (21.4%) and nonemergency (16.4%) or between elective (19.6%) and nonelective (18.3%) hip fracture surgeries performed in patients with preexisting DNR status. Morbidity patterns in emergency vs nonemergency cases demonstrated no significant differences, with the commonest 3 complications being transfusion (21.0% and 21.4%, respectively), urinary tract infection (9.5% and 7.9%, respectively), and pneumonia (both at 5.2%). The 30-day home discharge rates were low at 4.7% and 5.6%, respectively. Multivariate analysis demonstrated no significant associations between emergency and nonemergency surgery for mortality, discharge destination, length of stay or complications, except perioperative myocardial infarction (3.7% vs 1.3%, P < .04). Conclusion: For patients with DNR status, both emergent and non-emergent hip surgery carries high mortality, greatly exceeding rates predicted for that patient by American College of Surgeons NSQIP risk calculators. Morbidity rates and patterns for patients with DNR status are also similar in emergency and nonemergency groups. These data may be useful in discussing risk and obtaining adequately informed consent in DNR patients undergoing hip surgery.
The Benefits of Streamlined Hip Fracture Management in a Regional Hospital
Authors: Mow T. C. , Lukeis Jen , Sutherland A. G. 
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Hip fracture is an increasingly common injury in the growing elderly population. The morbidity and mortality associated with this injury can be reduced by minimizing delays to surgical treatment. We describe the impact of a regional hospital service redesign project that utilized the principles of smart simplicity, a management strategy that lays emphasis on collaboration to achieve desired goals. Methods: Prior to the redesign, patients with hip fractures were taking an average of 72 hours for surgical treatment. A hip fracture working group was created to examine closely the process of hip fracture care, and a single key performance indicator (KPI) of “surgery within 48 hours” was adopted. This allowed identification of processes that could be clarified and streamlined, with the agreement of relevant stakeholders, in the creation of a new hip fracture pathway. Results: In the first 3 months of the pathway’s implementation, 16 of 18 patients had surgery within 48 hours of presentation. In a 6-month follow-up audit after 2 years of implementation, 36 of 39 patients were treated within 48 hours. This was significantly different to the time to surgery seen in the 12 months prior to the redesign ( P < .001, Student t test). The mean time to surgery was reduced from 72 hours to 36 hours, a saving in an annual acute bed stay cost of A$152 000. Discussion: Decreased time to the operating room, the cost savings inherent to this, can be achieved with the introduction of the best standard of care. A redesign that mandates collaboration in achieving a single KPI has allowed a significant culture shift in the treatment of hip fractures in our institution in the months following its institution. Conclusion: Collaborative, multidisciplinary collaboration has facilitated a higher standard of care and demonstrated significant cost benefit.
Environmentally benign Fe(III)–montmorillonite for rapid adsorption of methylene blue dye in aqueous medium under ambient conditions
Authors: Vinuth M. , Naik H. S. Bhojya , Mahadevaswamy M. M. , Prabhakara M. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractHerein we have explored the highly efficient and environmentally benign clay mineral, Fe(III)–montmorillonite [Fe(III)–Mt], for adsorption of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution under ambient conditions. The Fe(III)–Mt was interacted with MB dye solution at different pH, temperature and solid-to-liquid ratio. The concentration of MB dye removal was estimated from its optical density at λmax = 665 nm using UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The MB dye removal was rapid at basic pH and increases with temperature up to 40 °C. A complete reduction (100%) was occurred in about 7 min at pH 7 and 10 while at pH 3 in about 10 min. The time taken for complete reduction at 0, 30 and 40 °C are 10, 7 and 5 min respectively. The removal followed by adsorption of dye molecules on the spent clay mineral was evident from FESEM/EDX analysis. More importantly, Fe(III)–Mt could be separated and retrieved easily after the reaction by centrifugation from the degraded MB dye solution. The experimental results of MB dye removal from Fe(III)–Mt follows the pseudo first order kinetics. This study reveals that Fe(III)–Mt has the potential to be used as reductant/adsorbant to remove cationic pollutants effectively and rapidly from drinking water and large scale of industrial wastewater.
Optimization of monochlorotriazine β-cyclodextrin grafting on cotton and assessment of release behavior of essential oils from functionalized fabric
Authors: Khanna Shelly , Chakraborty J. N. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMonochlorotriazinyl β-cyclodextrin (MCT β-CD) was employed for the inclusion complexation with oils of cedarwood, clove, eucalyptus and peppermint to assess their release behavior from functionalized cotton. The process of MCT β-CD grafting was optimized using response surface methodology with three independent factors including MCT β-CD concentration, pH and curing temperature and effect of their second order interactions on dependent variables as % nitrogen content, % graft yield, tensile strength and wash durability was examined. The interaction of MCT β-CD concentration and pH had the decisive effect on the investigated dependent variables. FTIR and % retained nitrogen confirmed the substantial retention of modified host on functionalized cotton after five vigorous wash cycles.1HNMR characterized the full entrapment of oils within MCT β-CD cavity on cotton. All the oils were substantially retained in the inclusion complexes with the MCT β-CD before and after wash than when present uncomplexed on the treated cotton. Peppermint was the slowest to fade off and cedarwood was rapid in sublimation from the cyclodextrin moieties.
Endothelial cell activation in central nervous system inflammation
Authors: Wu Fengjiao , Liu Lixin , Zhou Hong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractLeukocyte migration across the endothelial barrier plays an essential role in CNS inflammation. The migration process requires complex endothelial adhesion molecules concentrated at the junctions of endothelial cells. Recent findings suggest that cerebral endothelial cells play an active role in the pathogenesis of CNS inflammatory diseases. This review describes our current understanding of the effects of various inflammatory mediators of leukocyte migration on cerebral endothelial cells, the mechanisms underlying the leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions, and the crosstalk between endothelial cells and glial cells or platelets. These emerging mechanisms may provide new therapeutic strategies for a variety of CNS inflammatory diseases.
Laparoscopy to Predict the Result of Primary Cytoreductive Surgery in Patients With Advanced Ovarian Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rutten Marianne J. , van Meurs Hannah S. , van de Vrie Roelien , Gaarenstroom Katja N. , Naaktgeboren Christiana A. , van Gorp Toon , Ter Brugge Henk G. , Hofhuis Ward , Schreuder Henk W.R. , Arts Henriette J.G. , Zusterzeel Petra L.M. , Pijnenborg Johanna M.A. , van Haaften Maarten , Fons Guus , Engelen Mirjam J.A. , Boss Erik A. , Vos M. Caroline , Gerestein Kees G. , Schutter Eltjo M.J. , Opmeer Brent C. , Spijkerboer Anje M. , Bossuyt Patrick M.M. , Mol Ben Willem , Kenter Gemma G. , Buist Marrije R. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose To investigate whether initial diagnostic laparoscopy can prevent futile primary cytoreductive surgery (PCS) by identifying patients with advanced-stage ovarian cancer in whom > 1 cm of residual disease will be left after PCS. Patients and Methods This multicenter, randomized controlled trial was undertaken within eight gynecologic cancer centers in the Netherlands. Patients with suspected advanced-stage ovarian cancer who qualified for PCS were eligible. Participating patients were randomly assigned to either laparoscopy or PCS. Laparoscopy was used to guide selection of primary treatment: either primary surgery or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval surgery. The primary outcome was futile laparotomy, defined as a PCS with residual disease of > 1 cm. Primary analyses were performed according to the intention-to-treat principle. Results Between May 2011 and February 2015, 201 participants were included, of whom 102 were assigned to diagnostic laparoscopy and 99 to primary surgery. In the laparoscopy group, 63 (62%) of 102 patients underwent PCS versus 93 (94%) of 99 patients in the primary surgery group. Futile laparotomy occurred in 10 (10%) of 102 patients in the laparoscopy group versus 39 (39%) of 99 patients in the primary surgery group (relative risk, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.13 to 0.47; P < .001). In the laparoscopy group, three (3%) of 102 patients underwent both primary and interval surgery compared with 28 (28%) of 99 patients in the primary surgery group ( P < .001). Conclusion Diagnostic laparoscopy reduced the number of futile laparotomies in patients with suspected advanced-stage ovarian cancer. In women with a plan for PCS, these data suggest that performance of diagnostic laparoscopy first is reasonable and that if cytoreduction to < 1 cm of residual disease seems feasible, to proceed with PCS.
Access to Accredited Cancer Hospitals Within Federal Exchange Plans Under the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Kehl Kenneth L. , Liao Kai-Ping , Krause Trudy M. , Giordano Sharon H. 
Published: February 2017

Purpose The Affordable Care Act expanded access to health insurance in the United States, but concerns have arisen about access to specialized cancer care within narrow provider networks. To characterize the scope and potential impact of this problem, we assessed rates of inclusion of Commission on Cancer (CoC) –accredited hospitals and National Cancer Institute (NCI) –designated cancer centers within federal exchange networks. Methods We downloaded publicly available machine-readable network data and public use files for individual federal exchange plans from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services for the 2016 enrollment year. We linked this information to National Provider Identifier data, identified a set of distinct provider networks, and assessed the rates of inclusion of CoC-accredited hospitals and NCI-designated centers. We measured variation in these rates according to geography, plan type, and metal level. Results Of 4,058 unique individual plans, network data were available for 3,637 (90%); hospital information was available for 3,531 (87%). Provider lists for these plans reduced into 295 unique networks for analysis. Ninety-five percent of networks included at least one CoC-accredited hospital, but just 41% of networks included NCI-designated centers. States and counties each varied substantially in the proportion of networks listed that included NCI-designated centers (range, 0% to 100%). The proportion of networks that included NCI-designated centers also varied by plan type (range, 31% for health maintenance organizations to 49% for preferred provider organizations; P = .04) but not by metal level. Conclusion A large majority of federal exchange networks contain CoC-accredited hospitals, but most do not contain NCI-designated cancer centers. These results will inform policy regarding access to cancer care, and they reinforce the importance of promoting access to clinical trials and specialized care through community sites.