bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
L’analyse des comportements sociaux d’enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme en présence de leurs grands-parents par la loi généralisée de l’appariement
Authors: Vallée-Ouimet Jacinthe , Poirier Nathalie 
Published: December 2017

Le trouble du spectre de l’autisme est caractérisé par des difficultés de la communication sociale et des comportements/intérêts restreints ou répétitifs. La famille doit relever les défis associés aux difficultés de l’enfant. Les grands-parents d’enfants présentant un TSA font, d’ailleurs, souvent partie du réseau de soutien de la famille.

Objectif : Cette étude s’intéresse aux comportements sociaux d’enfants d’âge préscolaire présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) (n = 6 dyades) ainsi qu’à leur sensibilité à l’attention de leurs grands-parents (n = 4 dyades).

Méthode : Les comportements des dyades de participants ont été observés à domicile à huit reprises durant 90 minutes. Trois tâches différentes devaient être effectuées : une activité autonome, une tâche pratique et une activité sociale.

Résultats : Les résultats précisent la tendance des enfants à émettre différents comportements sociaux lors d’activités autonomes, pratiques et sociales. Les enfants de cette étude présentent tous une préférence à émettre des comportements sociaux comparativement aux comportements non sociaux. Par ailleurs, ils ne modifient pas leurs comportements en fonction de l’attention donnée par leurs grands-parents laquelle consiste principalement à regarder l’enfant durant l’interaction. Il est possible que les renforçateurs octroyés par les grands-parents ne soient pas suffisamment substantiels pour être détectés par l’enfant ayant un TSA en raison d’un fréquent déficit à coordonner le regard à celui de l’interlocuteur. Des recommandations sont proposées pour favoriser l’émergence de comportements de socialisation chez l’enfant.
Exploring the Genre of Academic Oral Presentations: A Critical Review
Authors: Kaur Kuldip , Mohamad Ali Afida 
Published: December 2017

Conducting Academic Oral Presentation (AOP) is an endeavour for undergraduates although it is a key academic genre for undergraduates. Despite its importance, there remains a paucity of studies on this oral genre in the Malaysian context as shown in the body of the literature. This paper provides a critical review of the literature on AOP and discusses the advantages and limitations of the previous studies to date on this oral genre. The literature shows most studies that adopt the genre analysis approach typically analyse only one section of the oral genre. These studies have not examined the AOP rhetorical structure in totality. Moreover, studies on multimodal analysis of AOP comparing the verbal and non-verbal modes are limited. Only few studies have attempted to examine the juxtaposition of the moves, linguistic elements and the visuals. AOPs are ubiquitous for the students across various courses and disciplines in the university and past studies have also compared the differences between disciplines (Zappa-Hollman, 2007; Morita, 2000).Thus, realizing the importance of AOP, clearly there is a necessity to conduct more research in this area in the local context.
Limited Carbonate Dissolution by Boring Microflora at Two Volcanically Acidified Temperate Sites: Ischia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea) and Faial (Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean)
Authors: Tribollet A. , Grange J. S. , Parra H. , Rodolfo‐Metalpa R. , Carreiro‐Silva M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn situ effects of ocean acidification on carbonate dissolution by microboring flora, also called biogenic dissolution, have only been studied once in tropical environments. Naturally acidified seawaters due to CO2 vents offer a perfect setting to study these effects in temperate systems. Three sites were selected at Ischia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea) with one experiencing ambient pH and the two others a mean pHT of 7.2 and 7.5. At Faial (Azores, NE Atlantic), one site with ambient pH and one acidified site with a mean pHT of 7.4 were selected. Experiments were carried out during 1.5 months and 6 months in Azores and Ischia, respectively, to determine the effects of OA on microboring communities in various carbonate substrates. Low pH influenced negatively boring microflora development by limiting their depth of penetration and abundance in substrates. Biogenic dissolution was thus reduced by a factor 3 to 7 depending on sites and substrate types. At sites with ambient pH in Faial, biogenic dissolution contributed up to 23% to the total weight loss, while it contributed less than 1% to the total weight loss of substrates at the acidified sites. Most of the dissolution at these sites was due to chemical dissolution (often Ω ≤ 1). Such conditions maintained microboring communities at a pioneer stage with a limited depth of penetration in substrates. Our results, together with previous findings that showed an increase of biogenic dissolution at pH > 7.7, suggest that there is a pH tipping point below which microborer development and thus carbonate biogenic dissolution is strongly limited.
Vertical Distributions of Coccolithophores, PIC, POC, Biogenic Silica, and Chlorophyll a Throughout the Global Ocean
Authors: Balch William M. , Bowler Bruce C. , Drapeau David T. , Lubelczyk Laura C. , Lyczkowski Emily 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCoccolithophores are a critical component of global biogeochemistry, export fluxes, and seawater optical properties. We derive globally significant relationships to estimate integrated coccolithophore and coccolith concentrations as well as integrated concentrations of particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) from their respective surface concentration. We also examine surface versus integral relationships for other biogeochemical variables contributed by all phytoplankton (e.g., chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon) or diatoms (biogenic silica). Integrals are calculated using both 100 m integrals and euphotic zone integrals (depth of 1% surface photosynthetically available radiation). Surface concentrations are parameterized in either volumetric units (e.g., m−3) or values integrated over the top optical depth. Various relationships between surface concentrations and integrated values demonstrate that when surface concentrations are above a specific threshold, the vertical distribution of the property is biased to the surface layer, and when surface concentrations are below a specific threshold, the vertical distributions of the properties are biased to subsurface maxima. Results also show a highly predictable decrease in explained‐variance as vertical distributions become more vertically heterogeneous. These relationships have fundamental utility for extrapolating surface ocean color remote sensing measurements to 100 m depth or to the base of the euphotic zone, well beyond the depths of detection for passive ocean color remote sensors. Greatest integrated concentrations of PIC, coccoliths, and coccolithophores are found when there is moderate stratification at the base of the euphotic zone.
Coccidioidomycosis Dynamics in Relation to Climate in the Southwestern United States
Authors: Gorris M. E. , Cat L. A. , Zender C. S. , Treseder K. K. , Randerson J. T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractValley fever is endemic to the southwestern United States. Humans contract this fungal disease by inhaling spores of Coccidioides spp. Changes in the environment can influence the abundance and dispersal of Coccidioides spp., causing fluctuations in valley fever incidence. We combined county‐level case records from state health agencies to create a regional valley fever database for the southwestern United States, including Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. We used this data set to explore how environmental factors influenced the spatial pattern and temporal dynamics of valley fever incidence during 2000–2015. We compiled climate and environmental geospatial data sets from multiple sources to compare with valley fever incidence. These variables included air temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, surface dust concentration, normalized difference vegetation index, and cropland area. We found that valley fever incidence was greater in areas with warmer air temperatures and drier soils. The mean annual cycle of incidence varied throughout the southwestern United States and peaked following periods of low precipitation and soil moisture. From year‐to‐year, however, autumn incidence was higher following cooler, wetter, and productive springs in the San Joaquin Valley of California. In southcentral Arizona, incidence increased significantly through time. By 2015, incidence in this region was more than double the rate in the San Joaquin Valley. Our analysis provides a framework for interpreting the influence of climate change on valley fever incidence dynamics. Our results may allow the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to improve their estimates of the spatial pattern and intensity of valley fever endemicity.
Back‐Arc Opening in the Western End of the Okinawa Trough Revealed From GNSS/Acoustic Measurements
Authors: Chen Horng‐Yue , Ikuta Ryoya , Lin Cheng‐Horng , Hsu Ya‐Ju , Kohmi Takeru , Wang Chau‐Chang , Yu Shui‐Beih , Tu Yoko , Tsujii Toshiaki , Ando Masataka 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe measured seafloor movement using a Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)/Acoustic technique at the south of the rifting valley in the western end of the Okinawa Trough back‐arc basin, 60 km east of northeastern corner of Taiwan. The horizontal position of the seafloor benchmark, measured eight times between July 2012 and May 2016, showed a southeastward movement suggesting a back‐arc opening of the Okinawa Trough. The average velocity of the seafloor benchmark shows a block motion together with Yonaguni Island. The westernmost part of the Ryukyu Arc rotates clockwise and is pulled apart from the Taiwan Island, which should cause the expansion of the Yilan Plain, Taiwan. Comparing the motion of the seafloor benchmark with adjacent seismicity, we suggest a gentle episodic opening of the rifting valley accompanying a moderate seismic activation, which differs from the case in the segment north off‐Yonaguni Island where a rapid dyke intrusion occurs with a significant seismic activity.
Observations and Modeling of Coseismic and Postseismic Deformation Due To the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha (Nepal) Earthquake
Authors: Wang Kang , Fialko Yuri 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe use space geodetic data to investigate coseismic and postseismic deformation due to the 2015 Mw 7.8 Gorkha earthquake that occurred along the central Himalayan arc. Because the earthquake area is characterized by strong variations in surface relief and material properties, we developed finite element models that explicitly account for topography and 3‐D elastic structure. We computed the line‐of‐sight displacement histories from three tracks of the Sentinel‐1A/B Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) satellites, using persistent scatter method. InSAR observations reveal an uplift of up to ∼70 mm over ∼20 months after the main shock, concentrated primarily at the downdip edge of the ruptured asperity. GPS observations also show uplift, as well as southward movement in the epicentral area, qualitatively similar to the coseismic deformation pattern. Kinematic inversions of GPS and InSAR data and forward models of stress‐driven creep suggest that the observed postseismic transient is dominated by afterslip on a downdip extension of the seismic rupture. A poroelastic rebound may have contributed to the observed uplift and southward motion, but the predicted surface displacements are small. We also tested a wide range of viscoelastic relaxation models, including 1‐D and 3‐D variations in the viscosity structure. Models of a low‐viscosity channel previously invoked to explain the long‐term uplift and variations in topography at the plateau margins predict opposite signs of horizontal and vertical displacements compared to those observed. Our results do not preclude a possibility of deep‐seated viscoelastic response beneath southern Tibet with a characteristic relaxation time greater than the observation period (2 years).
Stochastic Inversion of Geomagnetic Observatory Data Including Rigorous Treatment of the Ocean Induction Effect With Implications for Transition Zone Water Content and Thermal Structure
Authors: Munch F. D. , Grayver A. V. , Kuvshinov A. , Khan A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper we estimate and invert local electromagnetic (EM) sounding data for 1‐D conductivity profiles in the presence of nonuniform oceans and continents to most rigorously account for the ocean induction effect that is known to strongly influence coastal observatories. We consider a new set of high‐quality time series of geomagnetic observatory data, including hitherto unused data from island observatories installed over the last decade. The EM sounding data are inverted in the period range 3–85 days using stochastic optimization and model exploration techniques to provide estimates of model range and uncertainty. The inverted conductivity profiles are best constrained in the depth range 400–1,400 km and reveal significant lateral variations between 400 km and 1,000 km depth. To interpret the inverted conductivity anomalies in terms of water content and temperature, we combine laboratory‐measured electrical conductivity of mantle minerals with phase equilibrium computations. Based on this procedure, relatively low temperatures (1200–1350°C) are observed in the transition zone (TZ) underneath stations located in Southern Australia, Southern Europe, Northern Africa, and North America. In contrast, higher temperatures (1400–1500°C) are inferred beneath observatories on islands, Northeast Asia, and central Australia. TZ water content beneath European and African stations is ∼0.05–0.1 wt %, whereas higher water contents (∼0.5–1 wt %) are inferred underneath North America, Asia, and Southern Australia. Comparison of the inverted water contents with laboratory‐constrained water storage capacities suggests the presence of melt in or around the TZ underneath four geomagnetic observatories in North America and Northeast Asia.
Software‐Defined Radio Decoding of DCF77: Time and Frequency Dissemination with a Sound Card
Authors: Friedt Jean‐Michel , Eustache Clément , Carry Émile , Rubiola Enrico 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe investigate time and frequency dissemination using software‐defined radio processing of signals acquired from a low‐frequency emitter using a sound card. We use the resulting propagation time measurements for investigating some ionosphere physics and its interaction with cosmic ray flux. Rather than using the amplitude of the transmitted signal as classically considered, we here focus on a precise time of flight measurement by demodulating the spectrum spreading phase modulation added to the DCF77 amplitude modulation.
Trade Openness and Domestic Water Use
Authors: Dang Qian , Konar Megan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWe contribute to the debate over globalization and the environment by asking, what is the impact of trade on national water use? To address this question, we employ econometric methods to quantify the causal relationship between trade openness and water use. Specifically, we use the instrumental variables methodology to evaluate the impact of trade openness on domestic water withdrawals in agriculture and industry. We find that trade openness does not have a significant impact on total or industrial water withdrawals. However, we show that one percentage point increase in trade openness leads to a 5.21% decrease in agricultural water withdrawals. We find that trade openness reduces water use in agriculture primarily through the intensive margin effect, by leading farmers to produce more with less water, such as through the adoption of technology. We do not find evidence for extensive margin or crop mix impacts on agricultural water withdrawals. Significantly, these results demonstrate that trade openness leads to less water use in agriculture. This finding has broad scientific and policy relevance as we endeavor to untangle causal relationships in the complex global food system and develop policies to achieve water and food security.
Fiber Lasers and Amplifiers: High‐Power Operation
Authors: Liu Anping 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn overview on high‐power fiber lasers and amplifiers is presented. The article includes a brief review of the fiber laser history, followed by the design rules of double‐cladding fibers for power scaling of the fiber lasers. Typical fiber laser systems, including pump configurations, resonator structures, and system layouts, are explained. Detailed information on key components and wavelength ranges are discussed. It covers high‐power fiber lasers operating at both continuous wave and pulsed modes, including a variety of pulsed systems ranging from actively mode‐locked lasers to passively mode‐locked lasers with pulse durations from femtoseconds to nanoseconds.
Optical Coherence
Authors: Visser Taco D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The coherence properties of an optical source determine how the emitted field propagates, scatters, and behaves on focusing. Because the state of coherence can be actively controlled, this provides an additional tool for field shaping. We show that the observation that two sources with an identical spectrum can produce fields whose spectra are different can be explained by realizing that this field property is in fact a secondary quantity. The primary or fundamental property from which the spectrum is derived is the coherence function of the source. The propagation of this function is governed by wave equations. By calculating the propagated correlation function, the local spectrum can be determined. We illustrate how the manipulation of spatial coherence can give rise to novel physical effects in focusing and scattering.
Optical Mirrors
Authors: Lemaitre Gerard R. , Grange Robert 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn optical mirror is a sufficiently smooth surface that reflects light – in some wavelength range – to provide an image from given original object. From early plane mirrors, as quiet water, polished obsidian stone, or brass substrates, subsequent mirror fabrication mainly evolved towards use of glass substrates coated with high a reflectivity metal that may receive a protective layer deposit to prevent from tarnishing. Plane and curved – concave or convex – mirrors are commonly used as domestic devices, safety devices and decorative panels. Mirrors are key components of many scientific instruments, such as telescopes, microscopes, lasers, and cameras. Present state of the art of making and testing a mirror optical surface allows reaching the ultimate theoretical limit of diffraction – then called a diffraction‐limited mirror – where the reflected wavefront does not deviate more than a visible quarter‐wave length from a required shape.
Lifelong behavioral and neuropathological consequences of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Mouzon Benoit C. , Bachmeier Corbin , Ojo Joseph O. , Acker Christopher M. , Ferguson Scott , Paris Daniel , Ait‐Ghezala Ghania , Crynen Gogce , Davies Peter , Mullan Michael , Stewart William , Crawford Fiona 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveExposure to repetitive concussion, or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), has been linked with increased risk of long‐term neurodegenerative changes, specifically chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). To date, preclinical studies largely have focused on the immediate aftermath of mTBI, with no literature on the lifelong consequences of mTBI in these models. This study provides the first account of lifelong neurobehavioral and histological consequences of repetitive mTBI providing unique insight into the constellation of evolving and ongoing pathologies with late survival.MethodsMale C57BL/6J mice (aged 2–3 months) were exposed to either single or repetitive mild TBI or sham procedure. Thereafter, animals were monitored and assessed at 24 months post last injury for measures of motor coordination, learning deficits, cognitive function, and anxiety‐like behavior prior to euthanasia and preparation of the brains for detailed neuropathological and protein biochemical studies.ResultsAt 24 months survival animals exposed to r‐mTBI showed clear evidence of learning and working memory impairment with a lack of spatial memory and vestibule‐motor vestibulomotor deficits compared to sham animals. Associated with these late behavioral deficits there was evidence of ongoing axonal degeneration and neuroinflammation in subcortical white matter tracts. Notably, these changes were also observed after a single mTBI, albeit to a lesser degree than repetitive mTBI.InterpretationIn this context, our current data demonstrate, for the first time, that rather than an acute, time limited event, mild TBI can precipitate a lifelong degenerative process. These data therefore suggest that successful treatment strategies should consider both the acute and chronic nature of mTBI.
Metabolic Engineering of Microorganisms for the Production of Natural Compounds
Authors: Park Seon Young , Yang Dongsoo , Ha Shin Hee , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNatural products have been attracting much interest around the world for their diverse applications, especially in drug and food industries. Plants have been a major source of many different natural products. However, plants are affected by weather and environmental conditions and their successful extraction is rather limited. Chemical synthesis is inefficient due to the complexity of their chemical structures involving enantioselectivity and regioselectivity. For these reasons, an alternative means of overproducing valuable natural products using microorganisms has emerged. In recent years, various metabolic engineering strategies have been developed for the production of natural products by microorganisms. Here, the strategies taken to produce natural products are reviewed. For convenience, natural products are classified into four main categories: terpenoids, phenylpropanoids, polyketides, and alkaloids. For each product category, the strategies for establishing and rewiring the metabolic network for heterologous natural product biosynthesis, systems approaches undertaken to optimize production hosts, and the strategies for fermentation optimization are reviewed. Taken together, metabolic engineering has enabled microorganisms to serve as a prominent platform for natural compounds production. This article examines both the conventional and novel strategies of metabolic engineering, providing general strategies for complex natural compound production through the development of robust microbial‐cell factories.