bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Los negros y negras en la Argentina: entre la barbarie, la exotización, la invisibilización y el racismo de Estado
Authors: Ocoró Loango Anny 
Published: November 2017

Resumen: El presente trabajo plantea un recorridohistórico sobre la presencia de los negros y negras en laArgentina y las actividades que desarrollaban. Duranteel siglo XIX, estos, llegaron a constituir porcentajes poblacionalesmuy significativos además de constituir unaparte importante de la fuerza laboral en casi todas lasactividades productivas. Seguidamente exploramos lasrepresentaciones de hombres y mujeres negros, quienesfueron asociados a la barbarie, la estereotipia y la exotización,en medio de regimenes discursivos racializadosde representación de la alteridad. Finalmente se interrogapor los diferentes dispositivos agenciados desde la políticaracista del Estado argentino que marginó e invisibilizó, aesta población contribuyendo a borrar la percepción desu presencia en la actual Argentina.Palabras clave: afro-argentinos, Colonia e Independencia,estereotipos, cuerpo, negras y negros, invisibilización,racismo del Estado Argentino.Black Men and Women in Argentina: between Barbarism, Exotization, Invisibilization and State RacismAbstract: This paper traces a historical overviewabout the presence of black men and women in Argentinaand their activities. During the XIX century, they made upsignificant population percentages, as well as an importantpart of the labor force in nearly all productive activities.We then explore the representations of black men andwomen, who were associated to barbarism and exoticstereotypes by means of discursive regimes racializedin their representation of alterity. Finally we search forthe different devices put in place through the ArgentineState’s racist policies that marginalized this segment of thepopulation and rendered it invisible, contributing to erasethe perception of its presence in present-day Argentina.Key Words: Afro-Argentines, Colony and Independence,stereotypes, body, black men and women, invisibilization,Argentine State racism.
El uso de datos cuantitativos para entender la violencia sexual relacionada con el confl icto armado colombiano: desafíos y oportunidades
Authors: Obando Salazar Olga Lucía 
Published: November 2017

Francoise Roth, Tamy Guberek & Amalia Hoover GreenEl uso de datos cuantitativos para entender la violencia sexual relacionada con el conflicto armado colombiano: desafíos y oportunidadesCorporación Punto de vista: Bogotá, 2011Versión en español: Francoise Roth, Beatriz Vejarano
Mujeres “de castas” y sus relaciones con las mujeres de la élite colonial en Cartagena
Authors: Navarrete María Cristina 
Published: November 2017

Resumen: Este artículo se propone analizar las relaciones entre las llamadas “mujeres de castas” y las mujeres de la élite colonial en Cartagena en el siglo XVII, partiendo de la presencia de la mujer negra y mulata, en especial su papel como intermediaria, mediando entre la gente “de castas” y la élite colonial en lo que se refiere a actitudes sociales, comportamientos, tradiciones y costumbres. Se toma en cuenta el papel de estas mujeres como nodrizas o amas de cría, el cual les permitió tener contacto con las mujeres de élite que las empleaban, a la vez que propiciaba una relación estrecha entre los hijos propios de estas nodrizas y los de las familias pudientes, al menos durante la infancia. También se analiza el rol desempeñado por las mujeres de castas como consejeras, comunicadoras e intermediarias ente las mujeres de élite, confinadas al ámbito doméstico, y el mundo exterior, al cual las negras y mulatas, en cambio, sobre todo las libertas, tenían acceso. Palabras claves: mujeres negras, esclavas, “castas”, historia colonial, CartagenaWomen “of Castes” and Their Relations to the Colonial Elite in CartagenaAbstract: This article aims to analyze the relations among the so-called “women of castes” and women of the colonial elite in Cartagena during the XVIIth Century, stemming from the presence of black and mulatto women, especially their role as intermediaries, as they mediated between “castes” and the colonial élite with regards to social attitudes, behavior, traditions and usages. The role of these women as wet nurses is taken into account, as itallowed them to be in contact with the women of the elite that employed them, and as it also propitiated a close relation between their own children and those of rich families, at least in their infancy. The paper also analyzes the role of these women as advisors, communicators and intermediaries between the women of the elite, confined to domesticity, and the world outside, to which the former had access. Key Words: black women, slaves, “castes,” colonial history, Cartagena
Evaluación del tiempo de fermentación y temperatura de pasteurización para la obtención de bebida gasificada a partir de jugo de Saccharum officinarum L. "caña de azúcar"
Authors: Olivares Muñoz Segundo Víctor , Carrión Abad Nilton Cesar , Calderón Medina Jesús Glorioso 
Published: November 2017

<span class="fontstyle0">La investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar el tiempo de fermentación y temperatura de pasteurización para la obtención de una bebida gasificada a partir de jugo de Saccharum officinarum con calidad sensorial y aptitud fisicoquímica para el consumo</span><span class="fontstyle0">. </span><span class="fontstyle0">Para ello se diseñó un fiujograma en base a la experiencia tradicional y base teórica</span><span class="fontstyle0">. </span><span class="fontstyle0">Se empleó caña de azúcar con índice de madurez superiores a 0,95, procedente del distrito de Colcamar, región Amazonas, luego se extrajo eljugo y adicionó 20% de agua</span><span class="fontstyle0">. </span><span class="fontstyle0">Se empleó un diseño factorial 3Ax 3B, donde, A fue el tiempo de fermentación (3, 5 y 7 días) y B Ja temperatura de pasteurización (60</span><span class="fontstyle0">, </span><span class="fontstyle0">70 y 80°C)</span><span class="fontstyle0">. </span><span class="fontstyle0">Para determinar el mejor tratamiento se midió el grado de aceptación mediante evaluación sensorial utilizando una escala hedónica de seis puntos y se midió las características fisicoquímicas (pH, ºBrix, densidad,% alcohol y acidez)</span><span class="fontstyle0">. </span><span class="fontstyle0">Se determinó que la bebida obtenida con 3 días de fermentación y pasteurizada a 80ºC, es Ja más aceptada con una puntuación de muy bueno a excelente, tiene un periodo de vida de anaquel de 120 días y posee buenas características fisicoquímicas.</span>
Aplicaciones de aluminio mantienen el crecimiento de fresa (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) suplementada con roca fosfórica en condiciones de cultivo sin suelo.
Authors: Valdez Aguilar Luis Alonso , Tucuch Pérez Martín Alejandro , Hernández Pérez Armando , Pérez Arias Gloria Alicia , García Santiago Juana Cruz , Alvarado Carrillo Daniela 
Published: November 2017

Se estima que en los próximos años a nivel mundial habrá carencia de las fuentes de fósforo (P) utilizadas para fabricar los fertilizantes fosforados. Aunque el P puede encontrarse en el suelo, la mayor parte se encuentra en forma no asimilable por las plantas, por lo que para absorberlo éstas exudan ácidos orgánicos (AO) para facilitar su solubilización. Por otro lado, se ha reportado que la presencia de aluminio (Al) se relaciona con un aumento en la exudación de AO por la raíz. Dado la capacidad solubilizadora de los AO, en el presente estudio se planteó evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de Al sobre la exudación de AO y el uso de P en forma no soluble (roca fosfórica, RF) en el crecimiento y rendimiento de plantas de fresa. El experimento constó de ocho tratamientos que resultaron de combinar dos cantidades de RF, mezcladas en el sustrato, con aplicaciones de Al. Los tratamientos con RF se irrigaron con una solución que contenía 0.25 meq L‑1 H2P4‑. Los resultados mostraron que con aplicaciones de Al vía riego se obtienen mayores rendimientos, hasta 380 g planta-1, lo cual estuvo correlacionado positivamente con la concentración de ácido cítrico y negativamente con la concentración de ácido málico en el sustrato. Se concluye que el citrato exudado por la raíz debido a la aplicación de Al, favorece el rendimiento de plantas de fresa cuando el P se encuentra en forma de RF.
Biorremediación de arsénico mediada por microorganismos genéticamente modificados.
Authors: Rodríguez Martínez Her Lizeth , Peña Manjarrez Maribel , Gutiérrez Reyes Ana Victoria , González Trevizo Cynthia Lizeth , Montes Fonseca Silvia Lorena , López Avalos Gladys Guadalupe 
Published: November 2017

Las actividades antropogénicas aumentan la movilización y distribución de los metales pesados, si se rebasan los estándares permitidos por la normativa internacional resultan un serio problema para la salud de los seres vivos y el medio ambiente. Uno de los casos más alarmantes es el del arsénico; su presencia en agua potable y suelos (y por ende en alimentos) es tal que hay reportados cientos de casos de intoxicación severa en países como China y Bangladesh. Debido a las actividades mineras, en algunas zonas de México como el Estado de Chihuahua, también se han encontrado altas concentraciones del elemento. Por el peligro que representa, la necesidad de encontrar alternativas para la remediación de sitios contaminados con arsénico es de suma importancia. Si bien existen diversos métodos físicos y químicos que se han usado desde hace décadas, la biorremediación constituye una alternativa prometedora que ofrece ventajas económicas y es ef iciente. Esto último se debe a que se han aislado microorganismos que pueden resistir altas concentraciones de arsénico e incorporarlo a procesos metabólicos específ icos gracias a mecanismos como la enzima arsenito oxidasa (AOX). Aún cuando el sistema de oxidación del arsénico no se ha descifrado completamente ha sido posible identif icarlo en un gran número de microorganismos a través de técnicas de ingeniería genética, mismas que de manera reciente se han utilizado para potencializar la capacidad de las cepas silvestres. El objetivo de este documento consistió en hacer una revisión general sobre la biorremediación del arsénico y algunas estrategias como la detoxif icación de arsénico (III) por medio de AOX con el f in de encontrar una solución factible al problema detectado en el estado de Chihuahua. Tras la vasta cantidad de información recabada se determinó que la ingeniería genética resulta una herramienta prometedora para lograr la biorremediación de los metales pesados y que integrar los genes aox, en microorganismos conocidos parece ser una alternativa viable para disminuir la contaminación por arsénico en cualquier sitio contaminado, por lo tanto, debe comenzarse con las pruebas de remoción y toxicidad cuanto antes.
País de origen y edad de inicio en la prostitución de mujeres de Centroamérica traficadas en México y Estados Unidos
Authors: Izcara-Palacios Simón Pedro , Moral-De-La-Rubia José , Andrade-Rubio Karla Lorena 
Published: November 2017

El Departamento de Estado de los Estados Unidos indica que menores de Centroamérica son transportadas por redes de tráfico sexual hasta México y Estados Unidos, para ser empleadas en la prostitución, pero no hay datos sobre la edad de inicio de las menores en esta actividad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar los países en los que han ejercido la prostitución las jóvenes centroamericanas que son traficadas hacia Estados Unidos atravesando México, estableciendo la edad en que se inician en la prostitución en cada país. Se realizaron 190 entrevistas a mujeres de Centroamérica, proxenetas y “polleros” mexicanos, quienes participan en redes de tráfico entre Centroamérica, México y Estados Unidos. Se encontró que las centroamericanas transportadas a través de las redes de polleros son iniciadas en la prostitución mayoritariamente en Estados Unidos, en promedio sobre los 18 años, y que la media de edad de ejercicio de la prostitución por primera vez en Estados Unidos es significativamente menor que la media de edad en México. La explotación sexual de menores centroamericanas en establecimientos de entretenimiento adulto parece ser mayor en Estados Unidos que en México. Esto podría asociarse con una mayor capacidad económica de los clientes estadounidenses, lo que motiva a los traficantes a destinar a este mercado a las menores de edad que serán prostituidas.
Crystallization of Polymers in Processing Conditions: An Overview
Authors: Haudin J.-M. , Boyer S. A. E. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In polymer processing, crystallization generally occurs in complex, inhomogeneous and coupled mechanical (flow, pressure), thermal (cooling rate, temperature gradient) and geometrical (surface of processing tools) conditions. A first route to understand crystallization in processing conditions is to design model experiments to isolate the specific influence of a given parameter. The emphasis will be laid here on the influence of: (i) shear flow through rheo-optical measurements using the commercial RheoScope module, (ii) high cooling rates obtained with the modified hot stage Cristaspeed (up to 2 000 °C min−1) and (iii) high pressures in the original Cristapress cell (up to 200 MPa). Numerical simulation is also a useful tool to understand and predict the coupled phenomena involved in crystallization. Based on Avrami's ideas and equations, a general differential formulation of overall crystallization kinetics has been proposed by Haudin and Chenot (2004). It is able to treat both isothermal and non-isothermal cases, and has been extended to crystallization in a limited volume without and with surface nucleation inducing transcrystallinity.
Flow and Thermal History Effects on Morphology and Tensile Behavior of Poly(oxymethylene) Micro Injection Molded Parts
Authors: Kamal M. R. , El Otmani R. , Derdouri A. , Chu J.-S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The micro injection molding process is a rapidly growing area in plastics processing technology. In this process, the polymer is exposed to both high shear rates and large thermal gradients. In view of the versatility of the process, both commodity and engineering polymers have been used in micro injection molded products. In the present work, poly(oxymethylene) (POM), a partially crystalline engineering polymer, was employed to evaluate the relationships between processing conditions, on one hand, and the morphology and properties of the final part, on the other hand. An unsymmetrical mold cavity to make parts in the form of stepped plaques was used in the study. This resulted in substantial differences in morphology, crystallinity and shrinkage of the zones of different constant thicknesses in the micro parts. Depending on the molding conditions and the location on the micro-part, the microstructure can display up to five crystalline layers. Of particular interest, shish-kebab crystalline structures were observed within the skin of the step with the smallest thickness. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests are used to distinguish between the melting points of the shish and kebab components of this particular structure. The degree of crystallinity as determined by wide angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) and shrinkage across the thickness were also found to be highest in the step with the smallest thickness.
Development of Dispersion during Compounding and Extrusion of Polypropylene/Graphite Nanoplates Composites
Authors: Rodrigues P. , Santos R. M. , Paiva M. C. , Covas J. A. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Carbon-based nanoparticles have unique electrical, thermal, barrier and mechanical properties. When incorporated into polymer matrices, the resulting nanocomposites are potentially suitable for a wide scope of advanced applications. In practice, the properties of the nanocomposites are strongly determined by the level of dispersion achieved and by the degree of polymer/particle interfacial bonding. Production and processing of nanocomposites are often carried out in successive thermo-mechanical cycles. These may change the state of nanoparticle dispersion. This work analyzes the evolution of the dispersion of graphite nanoplates (GnP) in a polypropylene matrix during compounding in a co-rotating twin screw extruder and subsequent processing in a single screw extruder, aiming at a better understanding of the kinetics and stability of dispersion. Dispersion was evaluated along the compounding and processing stages and correlated with the composite electrical conductivity, an important engineering property. Two commercial GnP were used as received and chemically modified to graft PP-g-MA (fGnP-PP). Compositions with 2 or 10 wt.% of GnP and fGnP-PP were studied.
Fluid Elasticity in Plastic Pipe Extrusion: Loads on Die Barrel
Authors: Saengow C. , Giacomin A. J. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
In large thick plastic pipe extrusion, the residence time in the cooling chamber is long, and the melt inside the pipe sags under its own weight, causing the product to thicken on the bottom (and to thin on the top). To compensate for sag, engineers normally shift the die centerpiece downward. This paper focuses on how this decentering triggers unintended consequences for elastic polymer melts. We employ eccentric cylindrical coordinates, to capture exactly the geometry of our problem, the flow between eccentric cylinders. Specifically, we arrive at an exact analytical expression for the axial and lateral forces on the die barrel using the polymer process partitioning approach, designed for elastic liquids. We choose the Oldroyd 8-constant framework due to its rich diversity of constitutive special cases. Since our main results are in a form of simple algebraic expression along with two sets of curves, they can thus be used not only by engineers, but any practitioner. We close our paper with detailed dimensional worked examples to help practitioners with their pipe die designs.
Comparison of effect of static and dynamic core exercises on speed and agility performance in soccer players
Authors: Sever Ozan , Zorba Erdal 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE: This study compared the effects of dynamic and static core training programs on soccer related speed, agility. anaerobic power tests, core stability tests and body composition measurements. METHODS: A Static ([Formula: see text] 14) and Dynamic ([Formula: see text] 13) training groups performed three 30 min sessions per week for 8 weeks while attending scheduled soccer training sessions. RESULTS: Sprint (10–30 m), agility (505 and Arrowhead), vertical and standing long jump scores did not increase in any groups. Neither group demonstrated difference in body composition measurements for repeated test scores and between group comparisons. Experiment groups improved dynamic and static core stabilization test scores while Control group did not change. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that both training types improved movement related measures of core stability which did not transfer into any anaerobic skills and body composition. Thus core stability training is not generating sufficient stimulus to improve power and strength dependent performance skills such as sprint and agility and therefore may not constitute a cardinal component in soccer conditioning programs.
Cytokine Profiling of Serum Allows Monitoring of Disease Progression in Inclusion Body Myositis
Authors: Badrising Umesh A. , Tsonaka Roula , Hiller Monika , Niks Erik H. , Evangelista Teresinha , Lochmüller Hanns , Verschuuren Jan JGM. , Aartsma-Rus Annemieke , Spitali Pietro 
Published: November 2017

Background: Inclusion body myositis is a late onset inflammatory myopathy lacking reliable serum biomarkers for diagnosis and for disease progression. Objective: To identify diagnostic and predictive biomarkers, cytokine profiling is used to assess the potential of cytokines to discriminate between cases and controls and to assess whether treatment with methotrexate can influence biomarkers associated with disease progression. Methods: The diagnostic and follow-up potential of 48 cytokines was tested using Bioplex-assay and ELISA in sera of healthy individuals, IBM patients and patients with other neuromuscular disorders. Results: Ten cytokines (TRAIL, IL-8, MIF, MCP-1, LIF, IP-10, IFN- α2, MIG, bNGF and IL-3) were identified to be good to excellent markers to discern IBM patients from healthy controls. Three cytokines (IP-10, Eotaxin and SDF1A) changed significantly upon methotrexate treatment as compared with the natural clinical course. Muscle strength loss was associated with changes in IL-8 and SDF1A levels. IFN- γ levels were only associated with survival of IBM patients before correction for multiple comparisons. Discussion: Cytokine profiling can discriminate IBM patients from healthy controls and other neuromuscular disorders. Immunosuppression with methotrexate affects cytokine levels in IBM. IL-8 and SDF1A could serve as biomarkers for disease progression.
Using online data sources to make query suggestions for children
Authors: Pera Maria Soledad , Ng Yiu-Kai 
Published: November 2017

Existing popular web search engines have been widely used for retrieving information of interests by their users and offer query suggestions (QS) to assist them in exploring the wealth of information online. These search tools, however, are designed without any specific group of users in mind and thus are not tailored towards the specific needs of children, which can diminish their usability and design objectives when they are employed by children. Given the increasing use of the Web for educational and entertainment purposes by children, there is an urgent need to help them search the Web effectively. In this paper, we present a QS module, denoted CQS, which assists children in finding appropriate query keywords to capture their information needs by (i) analyzing content written for/by children, (ii) examining phrases and other metadata extracted from reputable (children’s) websites, and (iii) using a supervised learning approach to rank suggestions that are appealing to children. CQS offers suggestions with vocabulary that can be comprehended by children and with topics of interest to them. We conducted a number of empirical studies using keyword queries initiated by children, besides gathering feedback on the usefulness of CQS-generated suggestions through crowdsourcing. The performance evaluation of CQS revealed the effectiveness of the methodology of CQS. In addition, it demonstrated that CQS-generated suggestions were preferred over suggestions provided by Bing and Yahoo! and at least as comparable to queries suggested by Google.
Properties of X-Ray Flux of Jets during the 2005 Outburst of Swift J1753.5−0127 Using the TCAF Solution
Authors: Jana Arghajit , Chakrabarti Sandip K. , Debnath Dipak 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Galactic black hole candidate Swift J1753.5−0127 was discovered on 2005 June 30 by the Swift Burst Alert Telescope. We study the accretion flow properties during its very first outburst through careful analysis of the evolution of the spectral and the temporal properties using the two-component advective flow (TCAF) paradigm. RXTE proportional counter array spectra in

are fitted with the current version of the TCAF model fits file to estimate physical flow parameters, such as two-component (Keplerian disk and sub-Keplerian halo) accretion rates, properties of the Compton cloud, probable mass of the source, etc. The source is found to be in harder (hard and hard-intermediate) spectral states during the entire phase of the outburst with very significant jet activity. Since in the TCAF solution the model normalization is constant for any particular source, any requirement of significantly different normalization to have a better fit on certain days would point to an X-ray contribution from components not taken into account in the current TCAF model fits file. By subtracting the contribution using actual normalization, we derive the contribution of X-rays from the jets and outflows. We study its properties, such as its magnitude and spectra. We find that on some days, up to about 32% of X-ray flux is emitted from the base of the jet itself.