bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
metsDB: a knowledgebase of cancer metastasis at bulk, single-cell and spatial levels
Authors: Wu Sijia , Zhang Jiajin , Wang Yanfei , Qin Xinyu , Zhang Zhaocan , Lu Zhennan , Kim Pora , Zhou Xiaobo , Huang Liyu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cancer metastasis, the process by which tumour cells migrate and colonize distant organs from a primary site, is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this complex process is essential for developing effective metastasis prevention and therapy strategies. To this end, we systematically analysed 1786 bulk tissue samples from 13 cancer types, 988 463 single cells from 17 cancer types, and 40 252 spots from 45 spatial slides across 10 cancer types. The results of these analyses are compiled in the metsDB database, accessible at https://relab.xidian.edu.cn/metsDB/. This database provides insights into alterations in cell constitutions, cell relationships, biological pathways, molecular biomarkers, and drug responses during cancer metastasis at bulk, single-cell, and spatial levels. Users can perform cell or gene searches to obtain multi-view and multi-scale metastasis-related data. This comprehensive resource is invaluable for understanding the metastasis process and for designing molecular therapies.
PneumoBrowse 2: an integrated visual platform for curated genome annotation and multiomics data analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Janssen Axel B , Gibson Paddy S , Bravo Afonso M , de Bakker Vincent , Slager Jelle , Veening Jan-Willem 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for high morbidity and mortality rates. Extensive genome sequencing revealed its large pangenome, serotype diversity, and provided insight into genome dynamics. However, functional genome analysis has lagged behind, as that requires detailed and time-consuming manual curation of genome annotations and integration of genomic and phenotypic data. To remedy this, PneumoBrowse was presented in 2018, a user-friendly interactive online platform, which provided the detailed annotation of the S. pneumoniae D39V genome, alongside transcriptomic data. Since 2018, many new studies on S. pneumoniae genome biology and protein functioning have been performed. Here, we present PneumoBrowse 2 (https://veeninglab.com/pneumobrowse), fully rebuilt in JBrowse 2. We updated annotations for transcribed and transcriptional regulatory features in the D39V genome. We added genome-wide data tracks for high-resolution chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) data, chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled to high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq), ribosome profiling, CRISPRi-seq gene essentiality data and more. Additionally, we included 18 phylogenetically diverse S. pneumoniae genomes and their annotations. By providing easy access to diverse high-quality genome annotations and links to other databases (including UniProt and AlphaFold), PneumoBrowse 2 will further accelerate research and development into preventive and treatment strategies, through increased understanding of the pneumococcal genome.
Seizure outcomes in patients with brain metastases and epilepsy: a systematic review on the efficacy of antitumor treatment and antiseizure medication
Authors: Scheepens Josien C C , van der Meer Pim B , Dirven Linda , Vos Maaike J , Taphoorn Martin J B , Koekkoek Johan A F 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Epilepsy is a common symptom in patients with brain metastases (BMs), and because of the rising incidence of BMs, adequate seizure management is warranted. We conducted a systematic review on seizure outcomes after antitumor treatment and antiseizure medication (ASM) in patients with BMs from solid tumors and epilepsy.

Methods
A literature search was performed in 6 databases up to February 2024. Extracted outcomes were rates for (1) seizure freedom, (2) ≥50% seizure reduction, and (3) treatment failure (for ASM only). Weighted averages (WAs) were calculated for outcomes after surgery at 6 months follow-up. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the Risk Of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool.

Results
We retrieved 2244 references, of which 16 studies were eligible for inclusion. Eight studies were at critical, and 8 studies at serious risk of bias. The WA of seizure freedom rates at 6 months after surgical resection was 64% (based on 3 studies at serious risk of bias, n = 151 patients). Results on ASM efficacy and tolerability were unreliable, as all eligible studies for these outcomes were at critical risk of bias.

Conclusions
Limited available evidence from heterogeneous study populations demonstrated that in the majority of patients with epilepsy due to BMs, seizure freedom 6 months after surgical resection may be reached. No substantial evidence on ASM efficacy and tolerability in patients with epilepsy due to BMs is available. High-quality cohort studies are warranted to expand the evidence on seizure outcomes after antitumor and ASM treatment.
Ethnic Differences in Response to Oral Vitamin D Supplementation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Abdul-jabbar Sumayah , Nebechi Chukwuebuka , McClelland Graham R , Lockett Anthony , Douiri Abdel , Morgan David , Jones Stuart A 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Individual variability in oral vitamin D supplement response hinders the understanding of its clinical impact, and while ethnicity has been implicated in this variability it has not been well described.

Objective
The aim was to systematically assess the impact of ethnicity on response to oral vitamin D supplementation.

Data Source
The Web of Science and PubMed databases were searched for articles published from 1960 to the end of 2020. All trials in adults measuring 25(OH)D3 blood levels were included.

Data Extraction
Two reviewers independently extracted the data from the eligible studies. The change in 25(OH)D3 blood levels (95% CI) and P values were extracted, and grouped according to ethnicity, then subjected to random-effects meta-analysis. The primary outcome measurement was mean serum 25(OH)D3 levels and the secondary outcome was dose-adjusted mean serum 25(OH)D3 levels, both compared with baseline.

Data Analysis
A total of 18 studies were identified, and data from 1131 participants were extracted. Body mass index (BMI) and dose were significant covariates (Pearson correlation coefficient, P = .016 and .017) and were normalized in the meta-analysis to minimize heterogeneity, but latitude was not (P = .66). Meta-analysis showed an effect of ethnicity on dose and BMI-adjusted mean serum 25(OH)D3 levels compared with baseline (P &lt; .00001, I2 = 98%). Asian and White study participants demonstrated a statistically higher increase in dose and BMI-adjusted 25(OH)D3 blood levels (183 nmol/L [95% CI, 163–203] and 173 nmol/L [95% CI, 152–194], respectively), compared with Arab and Black study participants (37 nmol/L [95% CI, 35–39] and 99 nmol/L [95% CI, 90–108]) using repeated t tests. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that these findings were not impacted by potential study bias or the inclusion of immigrant populations.

Conclusion
Ethnicity had an impact on oral vitamin D response. Further prospective studies should examine if ethnicity-based dose stratification in both clinical practice and clinical trials is warranted.

Systematic Review Registration
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42023410076.
Tomb Architecture of Shang-Han (c. 1600 BCE–220 CE)
Authors: Huan Limin 
Published: October 2024

Tomb architecture in China has a rich history and is characterized by its diversity, complexity, and symbolism. In different geographical and cultural contexts, “architecture” is often defined differently and includes different topics. For this article, the “tomb architecture” focuses on the architectural matters of early Chinese tombs, such as the construction and the internal and external structures. Literature regarding the funerary traditions in general and the buried artefacts (the grave goods) is rich but not covered here. In China, the earliest tomb construction emerged in the Neolithic period. From 7000 to 5000 bce, communal cemeteries appeared in some early societies. These cemeteries were often located either in or near residential areas. The common type of tomb was the so-called shaft tomb, or pit tomb, which was built by digging a vertical pit in the ground to hold the body and the grave goods. From 5000 to 2000 bce, most tombs continued to use this structure, although the inequality among buried individuals, indicated by the quantity and quality of the grave goods, increased significantly. In many tombs, timber coffins or nested coffins were used to hold the deceased. In some tombs, additional structures such as the secondary ledge (ercengtai二层台), an earthen surface constructed along the pit walls; the waist pit (yaokeng腰坑), an additional small pit under the coffin; and the niche (bikan壁龛), a recess on the wall were added, facilitating the needs to accommodate and display more grave goods. The first radical change to this shaft tomb tradition occurred in the late Shang period (c. 1250–1046 bce). Elite tombs, both in Anyang and its neighboring regions, became much larger, deeper, and more complicated than their forerunners. In Anyang, some large tombs were constructed at a special, moat-surrounded location, providing the earliest example of a cemetery complex separated from residential districts. The Zhou elites inherited these architectural inventions after they conquered Shang. During the Zhou period (c. 1045–256 bce), there was increasing interregional exchange. Elite tombs of the Zhou period not only became much bigger but also added new elements from various origins, such as the tomb mound (fengtu封土) and the horizontal division of the interior space, often by adopting a multichamber structure. These changes led to the tomb of the First Emperor (reign 221–210 bce), which was also the grandest tomb in East Asia in the first millennium bce. In the following Han period (206 bce–220 ce), new changes appeared in tomb architecture. In particular, chamber tombs, sometimes cut on the rocks and with horizontal rooms (chambers), replaced vertical shaft tombs and became the major tomb type, especially for royal and high-elite members. This horizontal tomb architecture became a predominant standard in later dynasties.
Transnational Balkan Romani Music
Authors: Silverman Carol 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter analyzes popular Balkan Romani music by comparing contemporary local performances for Romani communities to those for non-Romani global audiences. Issues of genre, repertoire, instrumentation, text, and authenticity are examined, as well as the production and consumption of music. The author traces how the brass band became the most popular form of Romani music for non-Roma due to its promotion in the 1980s by non-Roma producers, filmmakers, and arrangers. In contrast, the most popular form of Balkan Romani community music is the electrified and synthesized wedding band, which is, ironically, deemed inauthentic by most non-Roma. Moreover, wedding bands serve a transnational audience of diasporic Balkan Roma. Although these sites of performance and their audiences are very different, they are both embedded in processes of globalization. These two contrasting markets provide insights into the globalized nature of performative Romani identity.
The Food Industry
Authors: Hisano Ai , de St. Maurice Greg 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The modern food industry emerged in the mid-19th century with the application of industrialization’s technological and organizational changes to preserving, processing, and distributing food products. This chapter traces the industry’s development, focusing on changing institutional contexts, key innovations, and the complex interplay between globalization and localization in three time periods. The first covers the industrialization and commercialization of food processing from the 1840s to the end of World War II. The next looks at the following four-and-a-half decades, highlighting the industry’s growing focus on convenience and consolidation in many industry sectors. The last starts in the 1990s and examines the rapid global expansion of food processing technologies and firms and the increasing diversity of consumer preferences and choice within countries even as processing technologies and categories of food products became more similar across societies.
An IMF for the Global South
Authors: Kennedy-Hernandez Christian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Determining the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s policy flexibility and adaptability (to varied economic circumstances) is not only germane to issues of equitable global economic governance and development, but to its own efficacy. The future of the Fund, as both a lender of last resort and economic authority, may very well rest on its ability to provide solutions that transcend its long-held reputation as an institution that imposes an austere, neoliberalizing, one-size-fits-all approach on member states. This is wherein understanding the Fund’s interactions and outcomes with borrowers in the “Global South”—particularly those within Latin American and Africa—becomes central to the question of whether flexibility exists, in practice. The findings presented here offer a sense of the IMF’s trajectory, while highlighting potential areas for improvement.
EMDR Therapy and the Working Memory Hypothesis
Authors: Smith Clare , Farrell Derek 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
EMDR therapy is an internationally recognized psychological treatment intervention for trauma. Despite the uncertainty within the academic literature surrounding the exact mechanism of action of any psychological treatment, EMDR therapy is challenged to provide a robust explanation or its effectiveness as a treatment intervention. Working memory is primarily grounded in cognitive psychology. Ostensibly, it is a crucial system for temporarily holding and manipulating information for a broad range of cognitive tasks including learning, language, reasoning, problem-solving, comprehension, performance, and guiding behavior. The hypothesis considers that cognitive tasks compete for limited resources, and therefore, its performance can be impacted by its capacity constraints. This chapter will explore the working memory hypothesis and how this relates to EMDR therapy. Additionally, in accounting for the utilization of bilateral, dual-attention stimulation (BLS), a distinctive aspect of EMDR, the issue of speed of BLS will be explored including factors such as individual variability, client preference, target memory characteristics, and somatic experience. EMDR therapists need to be flexible and responsive, adjusting the speed of BLS based on ongoing feedback from the client, while at the same time, mindful of working memory hypothesis.
Ballot Access
Authors: Muller Derek T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Voters use ballots to choose their preferred candidates or to express support or opposition to ballot initiatives and referenda. There are many and diverse rules for how these people or items appear on the ballot in the first place—who can obtain “ballot access.” Once states began printing ballots in the late nineteenth century, they began to develop standards for which candidates, political parties, or ballot measures could appear on the ballot. States may require prospective candidates to circulate petitions and secure a number of signatures from voters to demonstrate support before their names could appear on the ballot. States set deadlines for candidates to circulate those petitions or to file for candidacy. Or, states may limit the candidates who may appear on the general election ballot to those who meet a threshold level of votes in an earlier round of voting. In the middle of the twentieth century, the U.S. Supreme Court became increasingly interested in establishing rules for federal courts to evaluate states’ ballot access rules. The state has an interest in preventing an overcrowded ballot and ensuring only serious candidates appear on it; however, the state’s rules may be unduly restrictive, which may reduce voters’ choices or entrench one or both major political parties in office. The Court has developed a balancing test to determine whether the rules are too onerous or whether the state has adequately justified its interest. These fact-intensive balancing tests have left federal courts with the task of figuring out these context-specific questions.
Corporations and Labor Unions in Election Law
Authors: Haan Sarah C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Since the presidential election of 1896, the corporation’s role in campaign finance has been among the most hotly contested issues in American election law. The law’s approach to corporate electoral spending has changed considerably over time. Congress made efforts to tightly restrict corporate campaign finance in the Progressive Era, but, starting in the 1970s, the U.S. Supreme Court began loosening those restrictions. Since the 1940s, the law has sought, at least superficially, to treat the campaign finance of corporations and labor unions similarly. This chapter describes the major conceptual issues that shadow the debate over the law’s treatment of corporate and union political spending. It then sketches the history of the law’s evolution from the 1907 Tillman Act to the Supreme Court’s landmark 2010 decision, Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission, and describes the current debate over transparency and disclosure.
The Associational Rights of Political Parties
Authors: Abu El-Haj Tabatha 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The regulation of political parties is often necessary to protect the integrity of the electoral process and the larger constitutional promise of self-governance. At the same time, political parties are rights bearers under the First Amendment. This chapter summarizes how, in the absence of specific textual guidance, U.S. courts have adjudicated their way to a constitutional settlement on the place of political parties—major and minor—in our constitutional order. The chapter takes a historical approach, explaining why the U.S. Supreme Court’s political party jurisprudence did not begin in earnest until the twentieth century. It then lays out how the doctrine has evolved to afford significant associational freedom under the First Amendment to the two major political parties, while also recognizing their constitutional obligations as the engines of democracy. After reviewing this settlement, this chapter stresses the ways that the U.S. Supreme Court’s current approach to the associational freedom of political parties significantly constrains party reform strategies, despite the manifest need for regulation in the interest of a healthy democracy.
Language Provisions and Assistance
Authors: Daniels Gilda R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Voting Rights Act (VRA) includes provisions for language accessibility and assistance, but Sections 4(e), 203, and 208 of the Act are used sparingly. The most potent language assistance provision, Section 203, requires certain jurisdictions to provide election materials in a covered language. This prophylactic measure, however, is temporary. Shelby County v. Holder taught us that temporary measures do not necessarily lead to permanent changes. Additionally, another lesser-known but equally important provision of the VRA, Section 208, requires that assistance be provided to voters whose ability to cast a ballot is impeded by blindness, a disability, or the inability to read or write. The law allows these voters to receive assistance from a person of the voter’s choice, subject to narrow exceptions. Section 208 provides another mechanism for limited English proficient voters to secure the right to vote. This chapter examines the Language Provisions and Assistance sections of the VRA, provides a critique of these sections, and suggests ways the law can improve access for limited English proficient voters.
The Passage and Reauthorization of the Voting Rights Act
Authors: Fuentes-Rohwer Luis E. , Charles Guy-Uriel E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Voting Rights Act (VRA) was Congress’s fourth attempt since 1957 to enforce the promise of the Fifteenth Amendment. All prior attempts sought solutions through the judicial system and failed. This was because, as Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach explained during his Senate testimony in 1965, no matter what the courts decided, recalcitrant states found a way around it. “What is required,” Katzenbach told the House subcommittee, “is a systematic, automatic method to deal with discriminatory tests, with discriminatory testers, and with discriminatory threats.” The challenge was to design a systematic approach that stayed a step ahead of the discriminators. The VRA was the solution to this challenge. This chapter tells the story of the drafting of the Voting Rights Act. The VRA is rightly lauded as one of the most effective and significant civil rights statutes enacted by Congress. The Act is also understood as a radical intervention into matters that the U.S. Constitution leaves to the states. This chapter offers three arguments. First, that rather than a radical intervention, the Voting Rights Act was a conservative solution. Second, that the Supreme Court’s understanding of racism as “pathological racism” anchored its voting rights jurisprudence. It justified the Court’s approach to federalism, state sovereignty, sectionalism, and the Act’s disparate treatment of the states. Third, and finally, once the consensus over pathological racism weakened, the VRA came under threat. This explains Shelby County v. Holder and the perilous future of the Act.
Party Patronage
Authors: Solimine Michael E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The chapter addresses party patronage in the United States. Potentially a broad topic, concerning when public officials, as patrons, use public resources in some way to support their party or reward its members or supporters, the chapter focuses on the practice of rewarding supporters with appointed public employment. The use of party patronage throughout American political history, reforms thereof such as civil service, and legal challenges thereto are addressed. The Supreme Court has held that the First Amendment limits the use of patronage in public employment, except for positions that involve policymaking, though that exception has not been precisely defined. Also discussed is the impact of the Supreme Court’s decisions on political parties, and on appointments to other public offices, such as state judges.