bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminating START: training clinical psychologists and admiral nurses as trainers in a psychosocial intervention for carers of people with dementia’s depressive and anxiety symptoms
Authors: Lord Kathryn , Rapaport Penny , Cooper Claudia , Livingston Gill 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesTo put into practice and to evaluate an initial dissemination programme for the Strategies for Relatives (START), a clinically and cost-effective manualised intervention for family carers of people with dementia.SettingWe offered 3-hour ‘train-the-trainer’ sessions through the British Psychological Society and Dementia UK.ParticipantsClinical psychologists and admiral nurses across the UK.Primary and secondary outcome measuresAfter the training session, attendees completed an evaluation. Attendees were asked how they had implemented START 6 and 12 months later, and to participate in telephone interviews about their experiences of what helps or hinders implementation 1 year after training.ResultsWe trained 134 clinical psychologists and 39 admiral nurses through 14 training sessions between October 2014 and September 2015 in nine UK locations and made materials available online. The 40 survey respondents had trained 75 other staff. By this time, 136 carers had received START across 11 service areas. Findings from 13 qualitative interviews indicated that some clinical psychologists had begun to implement START, facilitated by buy-in from colleagues, existing skills in delivering this type of intervention, availability of other staff to deliver the intervention and support from the research team. Admiral nurses did not supervise other staff and were unable to cascade the intervention. Where START has not been used, common barriers included lack of staff to deliver the intervention and family carer support not being a service priority. Participants wanted the training to be longer.ConclusionsWe trained clinical psychologists and admiral nurses to deliver and implement START locally. Results from survey respondents show that it was cascaded further and used in practice in some areas, but we do not know whether START was implemented by non-respondents. Future dissemination requires management buy-in, availability of practitioners and supervisors and consideration of other ways of delivery.
Living with chronic migraine: a qualitative study on female patients' perspectives from a specialised headache clinic in Spain
Authors: Palacios-Ceña Domingo , Neira-Martín Beatriz , Silva-Hernández Lorenzo , Mayo-Canalejo Diego , Florencio Lidiane Lima , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César , García-Moreno Héctor , García-Azorín David , Cuadrado María Luz 
Published: August 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to explore the views and experiences of a group of Spanish women suffering from chronic migraine (CM).SettingHeadache clinic at a university hospital in Madrid (Spain).ParticipantsPurposeful sampling of patients that attended a specialised headache clinic for the first time between June 2016 and February 2017 was performed. The patients included were females aged 18–65 and with positive diagnoses of CM according to the International Classification of Headache disorders (third edition, beta version), with or without medication overuse. Accordingly, 20 patients participated in the study with a mean age of 38.65 years (SD 13.85).DesignQualitative phenomenological study.MethodsData were collected through in-depth interviews, researchers’ field notes and patients’ drawings. A thematic analysis was performed following appropriate guidelines for qualitative research.ResultsFive main themes describing the significance of suffering emerged: (a) the shame of suffering from an invisible condition; (b) treatment: between need, scepticism and fear; (c) looking for physicians’ support and sincerity and fighting misconceptions; (d) limiting the impact on daily life through self-control; and (e) family and work: between understanding and disbelief. The disease is experienced as an invisible process, and the journey to diagnosis can be a long and tortuous one. Drug prescription by the physician is greeted with distrust and scepticism. Patients expect sincerity, support and the involvement of their doctors in relation to their disease. Pain becomes the main focus of the patient’s life, and it requires considerable self-control. The disease has a strong impact in the work and family environment, where the patient may feel misunderstood.ConclusionsQualitative research offers insight into the way patients with CM experience their disease and it may be helpful in establishing a more fruitful relationship with these patients.
Early childhood health in Bielefeld, Germany (BaBi study): study protocol of a social-epidemiological birth cohort
Authors: Spallek Jacob , Grosser Angelique , Höller-Holtrichter Chantal , Doyle Ina-Merle , Breckenkamp Jürgen , Razum Oliver 
Published: August 2017

IntroductionThe heterogeneity among the German population is increasing. Sociodemographic differentials (eg, in education and migrant status) have been associated with health disparities. Life course studies show that a considerable part of these disparities is determined by exposures during pregnancy and early childhood. The BaBi study was established in 2012 to investigate the production of health disparities from foetal life to childhood in the city of Bielefeld, Germany.Methods and analysisBetween 2013 and 2016, detailed information on socioeconomic characteristics, migration background, lifestyle factors, environmental factors, healthcare use, and health status of 995 newborns, including 24 twins, and their families was collected using standardised instruments. Data collection started during pregnancy or shortly after birth with a computer-assisted personal interview of the pregnant woman/mother. Follow-up data will be collected until 2018 by computer-assisted telephone interviews around the first, second and after the third birthday of the child and by linking routine healthcare data. Blood samples are collected from a small subsample of 50 mothers for a substudy about stress during pregnancy (BaBi-Stress study).Ethics and disseminationThe study was approved by the ethical committee of the Medical Faculty of Muenster University and the Data Protection Board of Bielefeld University. Results will be published in scientific journals. Data sets and questionnaires will be made accessible for researchers based on access proposals and data usage contracts.
From Privacy to Data Protection in the eu: Implications for Big Data Health Research
Authors: Mostert Menno , Bredenoord Annelien L. , van der Slootb Bart , van Delden Johannes J.M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The right to privacy has usually been considered as the most prominent fundamental right to protect in data-intensive (Big Data) health research. Within the European Union (eu), however, the right to data protection is gaining relevance as a separate fundamental right that should in particular be protected by data protection law. This paper discusses three differences between these two fundamental rights, which are relevant to data-intensive health research. Firstly, the rights based on the right to data protection are of a less context-sensitive nature and easier to enforce. Secondly, the positive obligation to protect personal data requires a more proactive approach by the eu and its Member States. Finally, it guarantees a more comprehensive system of personal data protection. In conclusion, we argue that a comprehensive system of data protection, including research-specific safeguards, is essential to compensate for the loss of individual control in data-intensive health research.
Initiation and Propagation of an Atmospheric Bore in a Numerical Forecast Model: A Comparison with Observations
Authors: Osborne Simon R. , Lapworth Alan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the autumn of 2016, an undular atmospheric bore passed over southern England. Observations at surface sites as the bore passed gave phase speeds of up to 30 m s−1, surface pressure rises of over 1.5 hPa, and abrupt wind direction changes of 90°, followed by slower changes of a further 180°. Use was made of this event, rarely observed in the United Kingdom, to compare surface and satellite observations of the bore with output from the operational Met Office limited-area 1.5-km numerical weather model and to investigate the bore initiation mechanism within the model. Although the model had timing errors of over an hour and orientation errors of the bore, the bore propagation was simulated fairly well, giving similar bore phase speeds and decay times. There was also a reasonable correlation between surface and satellite observations and the model. One significant difference was the longer bore wavelength in the model simulation.
A Features-Based Assessment of the Evolution of Warm Season Precipitation Forecasts from the HRRR Model over Three Years of Development
Authors: Bytheway Janice L. , Kummerow Christian D. , Alexander Curtis 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) model has been the National Weather Service’s (NWS) operational rapid update model since 2014. The HRRR has undergone continual development, including updates to the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model core, the data assimilation system, and the various physics packages in order to better represent atmospheric processes, with updated operational versions of the model being implemented approximately every spring. Given the model’s intent for use in convective precipitation forecasting, it is of interest to examine how forecasts of warm season precipitation have changed as a result of the continued model upgrades. A features-based assessment is performed on the first 6 h of HRRR quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) from the 2013, 2014, and 2015 versions of the model over the U.S. central plains in an effort to understand how specific aspects of QPF performance have evolved as a result of continued model development. Significant bias changes were found with respect to precipitation intensity. Model upgrades that increased boundary layer stability and reduced the strength of the latent heating perturbations in the data assimilation were found to reduce southward biases in convective initiation, reduce the tendency for the model to overestimate heavy rainfall, and improve the representation of convective initiation.
Label-Free Raman Hyperspectral Imaging of Single Cells Cultured on Polymer Substrates
Authors: Sinjab Faris , Sicilia Giovanna , Shipp Dustin W. , Marlow Maria , Notingher Ioan 
Published: August 2017

While Raman hyperspectral imaging has been widely used for label-free mapping of biomolecules in cells, these measurements require the cells to be cultured on weakly Raman scattering substrates. However, many applications in biological sciences and engineering require the cells to be cultured on polymer substrates that often generate large Raman scattering signals. Here, we discuss the theoretical limits of the signal-to-noise ratio in the Raman spectra of cells in the presence of polymer signals and how optical aberrations may affect these measurements. We show that Raman spectra of cells cultured on polymer substrates can be obtained using automatic subtraction of the polymer signals and demonstrate the capabilities of these methods in two important applications: tissue engineering and in vitro toxicology screening of drugs. Apart from their scientific and technological importance, these applications are examples of the two most common measurement configurations: (1) cells cultured on an optically thick polymer substrate measured using an immersion/dipping objective; and (2) cells cultured on a transparent polymer substrate and measured using an inverted optical microscope. In these examples, we show that Raman hyperspectral data sets with sufficient quality can be successfully acquired to map the distribution of common biomolecules in cells, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids, as well as detecting the early stages of apoptosis. We also discuss strategies for further improvements that could expand the application of Raman hyperspectral imaging on polymer substrates even further in biomedical sciences and engineering.
Development and Psychometric Testing of the Diabetes Caregiver Activity and Support Scale
Authors: Scarton Lisa J. , Bakas Tamilyn , Miller Wendy R. , McLennon Susan M. , Huber Lesa L. , Hull Margie A. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop and psychometrically test the Diabetes Caregiver Activity and Support Scale (D-CASS), a measure of how difficult or easy caregiver activity and supportive behaviors are for family caregivers of persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, criterion-related validity, and construct validity were examined in 101 family caregivers of persons with T2DM. Participants were recruited using study brochures distributed at a large hospital in the Midwest and at statewide American Indian Pow Wows. Additionally, study brochures were available via a link on Facebook. Data collection occurred by telephone, face-to-face, or through Facebook using measures with evidence of reliability and validity. Family caregivers were predominately female (82.2%), spouses (50.2%), and American Indian (17%), African American (24%), or white (55%). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and psychometric analyses. Results The psychometric analyses resulted in an 11-item D-CASS with evidence of internal consistency reliability (alpha = .82) and test-retest reliability. Evidence of construct validity was obtained using 3 hierarchical multiple regressions guided by a conceptual model. Factor analysis supported the unidimensionality of the D-CASS. Conclusion The 11-item D-CASS is a brief and easy to administer instrument that has evidence of reliability and validity in family caregivers of persons with T2DM.
Desmoplastic Melanoma of the Head and Neck: Incidence and Survival, 1992‐2013
Authors: Khan Fatima , Strohl Alexis , Allen Paul D. , Doerr Timothy D. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveTo describe the epidemiological characteristics and survival of desmoplastic melanoma of the head and neck (DMHN) and discuss the factors influencing survival variation among DMHN, DM of other sites (DMnHN), and conventional melanoma of the head and neck (CMHN).Study DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingSurveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (years 1992‐2013).Subjects and MethodsIncidence and survival data for 1095 patients with DMHN, 1139 patients with DMnHN, and 40,257 patients with CMHN were obtained. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to calculate survival outcomes.ResultsPatients with DMHN were diagnosed at greater Breslow thickness (P <. 001), stage (P <. 001), and Clark’s level (P <. 001) compared to DMnHN and CMHN. Kaplan‐Meier survival analysis demonstrated disease‐specific survival (DSS) at 5 and 10 years for DMHN to be 80.5% and 74.7%, respectively, compared with 89.1% and 86%, respectively, for DMnHN and 88.1% and 83%, respectively, for CMHN (log‐rank test; P <. 001). On multivariate Cox regression analysis, age at diagnosis (P <. 001), Breslow depth >4.00 mm (P =. 006), lymph node status (P <. 001), and presence of ulceration (P <. 001) were found to be independent predictors of DSS for DMHN.ConclusionThe increasing incidence and poor survivability of DMHN compared to DMnHN and CMHN are parsimoniously explained by the later stage of disease and depth of invasion at diagnosis, highlighting the importance of improved diagnosis and awareness of DMHN.
Speech and Language Consequences of Unilateral Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review
Authors: Anne Samantha , Lieu Judith E. C. , Cohen Michael S. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveUnilateral hearing loss has been shown to have negative consequences for speech and language development in children. The objective of this study was to systematically review the current literature to quantify the impact of unilateral hearing loss on children, with the use of objective measures of speech and language.Data SourcesPubMed, EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to March 2015. Manual searches of references were also completed.Review MethodsAll studies that described speech and language outcomes for children with unilateral hearing loss were included. Outcome measures included results from any test of speech and language that evaluated or had age‐standardized norms. Due to heterogeneity of the data, quantitative analysis could not be completed. Qualitative analysis was performed on the included studies. Two independent evaluators reviewed each abstract and article.ResultsA total of 429 studies were identified; 13 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed. Overall, 7 studies showed poorer scores on various speech and language tests, with effects more pronounced for children with severe to profound hearing loss. Four studies did not demonstrate any difference in testing results between patients with unilateral hearing loss and those with normal hearing. Two studies that evaluated effects on speech and language longitudinally showed initial speech problems, with improvement in scores over time.ConclusionsThere are inconsistent data regarding effects of unilateral hearing loss on speech and language outcomes for children. The majority of recent studies suggest poorer speech and language testing results, especially for patients with severe to profound unilateral hearing loss.
Propensity for paying home visits among general practitioners and the associations with cancer patients’ place of care and death: a register-based cohort study
Authors: Winthereik Anna K , Hjertholm Peter , Neergaard Mette Asbjoern , Jensen Anders Bonde , Vedsted Peter 
Published: August 2017

Background: Previous studies of associations between home visits by general practitioners and end-of-life care for cancer patients have been subject to confounding. Aim: To analyse associations between general practitioners’ propensity to pay home visits and the likelihood of hospitalisation and dying out of hospital among their cancer patients. Design: A national register cohort study with an ecological exposure. Standardised incidence rates of general practitioner home visits were calculated as a measure for propensity. Practices were grouped into propensity quartiles. Associations between propensity groups and end-of-life outcomes for cancer patients aged 40 or above were calculated. Setting/participants: Danish general practitioners and citizens aged 40 or above were included from 2003 to 2012. Results: We included 2670 practices with 2,518,091 listed patients (18,364,679 person-years); of whom 116,677 died from cancer. General practitioners were grouped into quartiles based on the general practitioners’ propensity to pay home visits, which varied 6.6-fold between quartiles. Cancer patients in Group 4 (highest propensity) were less hospitalised than patients in Group 1 (lowest propensity): odds ratio: 1.13 (95% confidence interval: 1.08; 1.17) for ⩽3 bed-days and odds ratio: 0.95 (0.91–0.99) for ⩾20 bed-days. Group 4 patients were more likely to die out of hospital (odds ratio: 1.20 (1.16; 1.24)) than Group 1 patients. Conclusion: We found a dose–response-like association between general practitioners’ higher propensity to pay home visit and their patients’ likelihood of less end-of-life hospitalisation and more often dying out of hospital.
Long term outcome of childhood onset headache: A prospective community study
Authors: Sillanpää Matti , Saarinen Maiju M 
Published: August 2017

Purpose To examine prevalence, course, and long-term outcome of childhood migraine and other headaches. Method Using questionnaires, 1185 children were followed for recurrent headaches at ages seven, 14 and 32 years, respectively. Results At age seven years, 4.0% of the 1185 children (girls 3.7%, boys 4.3%) had migraine and 24% (25%/23%) had nonmigrainous headache. In adulthood, 16% (22%/8%) had migraine and 60% (64%/54%) nonmigrainous headache. Childhood migraine persisted into adulthood in 65% of females and 21% of males, and nonmigrainous headache in 62% and 59%, respectively. After childhood, 17% of females and 7% of males started to have episodes of migraine. No recurrent headache during the follow-up was reported by 11% (6%/16%). In a multivariate analysis, compared with no childhood headache, childhood migraine increased the risk of adulthood migraine by 3.36-fold (95% CI 1.94–5.82) and that of nonmigrainous headache by 1.72-fold (1.14–2.60). Discussion and conclusions Headaches are generally as common in preschool girls as boys. From early school years, headaches steadily increase up to young adulthood, but among boys the prevalence levels off after adolescence. About two thirds of children experienced changes in their headache status during a 25-year follow-up. Any kind of recurrent headache at school entry predicts an increased risk of headache in young adulthood. Special attention should be paid to girls and particularly those girls who have recurrent headache when they start school.
Correlation of 3D Shift and 3D Tilt of the Patella in Patients With Recurrent Dislocation of the Patella and Healthy Volunteers: An In Vivo Analysis Based on 3-Dimensional Computer Models
Authors: Yamada Yuzo , Toritsuka Yukiyoshi , Nakamura Norimasa , Horibe Shuji , Sugamoto Kazuomi , Yoshikawa Hideki , Shino Konsei 
Published: August 2017

Background:The concepts of lateral deviation and lateral inclination of the patella, characterized as shift and tilt, have been applied in combination to evaluate patellar malalignment in patients with patellar dislocation. It is not reasonable, however, to describe the 3-dimensional (3D) positional relation between the patella and the femur according to measurements made on 2-dimensional (2D) images.Purpose:The current study sought to clarify the relation between lateral deviation and inclination of the patella in patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella (RDP) by redefining them via 3D computer models as 3D shift and 3D tilt.Study Design:Descriptive laboratory study.Methods:Altogether, 60 knees from 56 patients with RDP and 15 knees from 10 healthy volunteers were evaluated. 3D shift and tilt of the patella were analyzed with 3D computer models created by magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained at 10° intervals of knee flexion (0°-50°). 3D shift was defined as the spatial distance between the patellar reference point and the midsagittal plane of the femur; it is expressed as a percentage of the interepicondylar width. 3D tilt was defined as the spatial angle between the patellar reference plane and the transepicondylar axis. Correlations between the 2 parameters were assessed with the Pearson correlation coefficient.Results:The patients’ mean Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.895 ± 0.186 (range, –0.073 to 0.997; median, 0.965). In all, 56 knees (93%) had coefficients >0.7 (strong correlation); 1 knee (2%), >0.4 (moderate correlation); 2 knees (3%), >0.2 (weak correlation); and 1 knee (2%), <0.2 (no correlation). The mean correlation coefficient of the healthy volunteers was 0.645 ± 0.448 (range, –0.445 to 0.982; median, 0.834). A statistically significant difference was found in the distribution of the correlation coefficients between the patients and the healthy volunteers ( P = .0034). When distribution of the correlation coefficients obtained by the 3D analyses was compared with that by the 2D (conventional) analyses, based on the bisect offset index and patellar tilt angle, the 3D analyses showed statistically higher correlations between the lateral deviation and inclination of the patella ( P < .01).Conclusion:3D shift and 3D tilt of the patella were moderately or strongly correlated in 95% of patients with RDP at 0° to 50° of knee flexion.Clinical Relevance:It is not always necessary to use both parameters when evaluating patellar alignment, at least for knees with RDP at 0° to 50° of flexion. Such a description may enable surgeons to describe patellar alignment more simply, leading to a better, easier understanding of the characteristics of each patient with RDP.