bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salidroside, a Chemopreventive Glycoside, Diminishes Cytotoxic Effect of Cisplatin in Vitro
Authors: Zduriencikova Martina , Cholujova Dana , Duraj Jozef , Mastihubova Maria , Mastihuba Vladimir , Karnisova Potocka Elena , Galova Eliska , Sevcovicova Andrea , Klapakova Martina , Horvathova Eva 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNatural products represent the source or the inspiration for the majority of the active ingredients of medicines because of their structural diversity and a wide range of biological effects. Our aims in this study were (i) to synthesize enzymatically salidroside (SAL), the most effective phenylethanoid glycoside in Rhodiola species; (ii) to examine its antioxidant capacity using cell‐free assays (reducing power, DPPH radicals scavenging and Fe2+‐chelating assays); (iii) to assess its DNA‐protective potential on plasmid DNA (DNA topology assay) and in HepG2 cells (comet assay) damaged by Fe2+ ions and hydrogen peroxide, respectively; and (iv) to investigate the effects of SAL, cisplatin (CDDP) and combined treatments of SAL + CDDP on cell viability (MTT test), level of DNA damage (comet assay), proliferation, cell cycle (flow cytometry) and the expression of signalling molecules associated with cell growth and apoptotic pathways (Western immunoblotting). We found out that SAL manifested low antioxidant and DNA‐protective capacity in all assays used. In both parental A2780 and CDDP‐resistant A2780/CP human ovarian carcinoma cells, SAL itself exerted in fact no impact on the viability, while in combination with CDDP it showed antagonistic effect supporting the chemopreventive activity on the CDDP‐induced cell damage. These results were confirmed by the partial reversal of the cell cycle alterations and the DNA damage level, as well as with partial restoration of cell survival/signalling pathways, when the expression of these molecules partially returned to their proper levels.
A comprehensive approach to evaluating and classifying sun-protective clothing
Authors: Downs N.J. , Harrison S.L. 
Published: September 2017

Summary

Background
National standards for clothing designed to protect the wearer from the harmful effects of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) have been implemented in Australia/New Zealand, Europe and the U.S.A. Industry standards reflect the need to protect the skin by covering a considerable proportion of the potentially exposed body surface area (BSA) and by reducing UVR-transmission through fabric (the Ultraviolet Protection Factor; UPF).

Objectives
This research aimed to develop a new index for rating sun-protective clothing that incorporates the BSA coverage of the garment in addition to the UPF of the fabric.

Methods
A mannequin model was fixed to an optical bench and marked with horizontal lines at 1-cm intervals. An algorithm (the Garment Protector Factor; GPF) was developed based on the number of lines visible on the clothed vs. unclothed mannequin and the UPF of the garment textile. This data was collected in 2015/16 and analysed in 2016.

Results
The GPF weights fabric UPF by BSA coverage above the minimum required by international sun-protective clothing standards for upper-body, lower-body and full-body garments. The GPF increases with BSA coverage of the garment and fabric UPF. Three nominal categories are proposed for the GPF: 0 ≤ GPF &lt; 3 for garments that ‘meet’ minimum standards; 3 ≤ GPF &lt; 6 for garments providing ‘good’ sun protection; and GPF ≥ 6 indicating ‘excellent’ protection.

Conclusions
Adoption of the proposed rating scheme should encourage manufacturers to design sun-protective garments that exceed the minimum standard for BSA coverage, with positive implications for skin cancer prevention, consumer education and sun-protection awareness.
Togetherness, teamwork and challenges: “Reflections on building an inclusive research network”
Authors: Riches Tanya N. , O'Brien Patricia M. ,   The CDS Inclusive Research Network
Published: September 2017

Accessible Summary

This article is about the Inclusive Research Network run by the Centre for Disability Studies.

It outlines our progress made towards an inclusive research network since 2010.

It highlights “inclusive research” from the view of people in our network.

It answers the questions “what is inclusive research?” and “what makes research inclusive?”

It compares the process of research undertaken by our network against Johnson and Walmsley ().

Three themes were an important part of inclusive research: togetherness, teamwork and challenges

It notes that “togetherness” is missing from Johnson and Walmsley principles of “inclusive research.”

AbstractBackgroundThis article presents a case study of the Centre for Disability Studies’ Inclusive Research Network. The network is a dynamic group of around fifteen people who have intellectual and other disabilities, support workers and university researchers.MethodsThe study was based upon an evaluation of the group's research practice, as demonstrated by their work together over the last 7 years. Network members created focus groups to outline the process of their research. These reflections formed the basis of a presentation video recorded for the 50th anniversary of the International Association for the Scientific Study of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities conference. The video outlined the groups’ understanding of “inclusive research.” A transcript of the script was used to analyse and reflect upon the group's processes. Thus, this article outlines inclusive research from the perspective of network members, evaluated against the founding principles of inclusive research presented in Johnson and Walmsley ()'s well‐known volume.ResultsThe network member's answers show consistency with these principles developed by Johnson and Walmsley. Themes identified were the need for “teamwork” and “challenges” in following these principles.ConclusionIn defining what inclusive research is and what makes research “inclusive,” the answers highlight the relational dynamics between the team members, and need to continually work on “togetherness.” The affective connection between researchers is to them a highly significant part of what is considered successful inclusive research, particularly for coresearchers with intellectual disabilities. This article suggests the affective dimension may be undervalued in the current literature.
Fournier's gangrene in a man on empagliflozin for treatment of Type 2 diabetes
Authors: Kumar S. , Costello A. J. , Colman P. G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundSodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 (SLGT2) inhibitors has been associated with an increased risk of genital infections secondary to increased glycosuria.Case ReportWe report a case of a 41‐year‐old man with type 2 diabetes treated with empagliflozin and metformin who presented with scrotal swelling. He described multiple preceding episodes of genital thrush for which he self‐administered over‐the‐counter anti‐fungal treatment. On examination, he was afebrile and hemodynamically stable. Perineal examination revealed grossly swollen and indurated scrotum with bilateral inguinal lymphadenopathy. Investigations showed elevated inflammatory markers and HbA1c of 99 mmol/mol (11.2%). Computed tomography revealed features consistent with Fournier's gangrene. He underwent emergency exploration and debridement under anaesthetic with a later return to theatre for further exploration, washout and application of a vacuum dressing. He then received a split skin graft to his perineum. He required a 2‐week course of intravenous antibiotics and was discharged home on oral antibiotics. Empagliflozin was ceased on admission and he was commenced on a basal bolus insulin regimen for glycaemic optimisation.ConclusionThere is a wide clinical spectrum of genital infections associated with SGLT2 inhibitors with most being generally mild and easily treated. However, risk factors such as diabetes, obesity, immunosuppressed states, smoking, alcohol abuse and end‐stage renal or liver failure may increase the risk of potentially more severe infections such as Fournier's gangrene. Timely cessation of SGLT2 inhibitors in individuals with multiple risk factors may help prevent progression to more severe genital infections.
Dermatopathic lymphadenopathy with Langerhans cell chimerism in graft‐versus‐host disease of the skin
Authors: Kreft Andreas , Krümpelmann Kristina , Rosenwald Andreas , Hollemann David , Wagner‐Drouet Eva Maria 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDermatopathic lymphadenopathy (DL) is well‐known in inflammatory skin disease; however, it has not been reported in graft‐versus‐host disease (GvHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Here, we report 2 cases of DL in patients with acute GvHD of the skin and demonstrate complete donor chimerism of Langerhans cells within the lymph nodes.
The anterior insula bidirectionally modulates cost‐benefit decision‐making on a rodent gambling task
Authors: Daniel M. L. , Cocker P. J. , Lacoste J. , Mar A. C. , Houeto J. L. , Belin‐Rauscent A. , Belin D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDeficits in cost‐benefit decision‐making, as assessed in the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), are commonly observed in neuropsychiatric disorders such as addiction. There is considerable variation in the maximization of rewards on such tasks, both in the general population and in rodent models, suggesting individual differences in decision‐making may represent a key endophenotype for vulnerability to neuropsychiatric disorders. Increasing evidence suggests that the insular cortex, which is involved in interoception and emotional processes in humans, may be a key neural locus in the control of decision‐making processes. However, the extent to which the insula contributes to individual differences in cost‐benefit decision‐making remains unknown. Using male Sprague Dawley rats, we first assessed individual differences in the performance over the course of a single session on a rodent analogue of the IGT (rGT). Rats were matched for their ability to maximize reward and received bilateral excitotoxic or sham lesions of the anterior insula cortex (AIC). Animals were subsequently challenged on a second rGT session with altered contingencies. Finally, animals were also assessed for instrumental conditioning and reversal learning. AIC lesions produced bidirectional alterations on rGT performance; rats that had performed optimally prior to surgery subsequently showed impairments, and animals that had performed poorly showed improvements in comparison with sham‐operated controls. These bidirectional effects were not attributable to alterations in behavioural flexibility or in motivation. These data suggest that the recruitment of the AIC during decision‐making may be state‐dependent and help guide response selection towards subjectively favourable options.
Atypical brain responses to auditory spatial cues in adults with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Lodhia Veema , Hautus Michael J. , Johnson Blake W. , Brock Jon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe auditory processing atypicalities experienced by many individuals on the autism spectrum disorder might be understood in terms of difficulties parsing the sound energy arriving at the ears into discrete auditory ‘objects’. Here, we asked whether autistic adults are able to make use of two important spatial cues to auditory object formation – the relative timing and amplitude of sound energy at the left and right ears. Using electroencephalography, we measured the brain responses of 15 autistic adults and 15 age‐ and verbal‐IQ‐matched control participants as they listened to dichotic pitch stimuli – white noise stimuli in which interaural timing or amplitude differences applied to a narrow frequency band of noise typically lead to the perception of a pitch sound that is spatially segregated from the noise. Responses were contrasted with those to stimuli in which timing and amplitude cues were removed. Consistent with our previous studies, autistic adults failed to show a significant object‐related negativity (ORN) for timing‐based pitch, although their ORN was not significantly smaller than that of the control group. Autistic participants did show an ORN to amplitude cues, indicating that they do not experience a general impairment in auditory object formation. However, their P400 response – thought to indicate the later attention‐dependent aspects of auditory object formation – was missing. These findings provide further evidence of atypical auditory object processing in autism with potential implications for understanding the perceptual and communication difficulties associated with the condition.
Lesion evidence for a critical role of left posterior but not frontal areas in alpha–beta power decreases during context‐driven word production
Authors: Piai Vitória , Rommers Joost , Knight Robert T. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDifferent frequency bands in the electroencephalogram are postulated to support distinct language functions. Studies have suggested that alpha–beta power decreases may index word‐retrieval processes. In context‐driven word retrieval, participants hear lead‐in sentences that either constrain the final word (‘He locked the door with the’) or not (‘She walked in here with the’). The last word is shown as a picture to be named. Previous studies have consistently found alpha–beta power decreases prior to picture onset for constrained relative to unconstrained sentences, localised to the left lateral‐temporal and lateral‐frontal lobes. However, the relative contribution of temporal versus frontal areas to alpha–beta power decreases is unknown. We recorded the electroencephalogram from patients with stroke lesions encompassing the left lateral‐temporal and inferior‐parietal regions or left‐lateral frontal lobe and from matched controls. Individual participant analyses revealed a behavioural sentence context facilitation effect in all participants, except for in the two patients with extensive lesions to temporal and inferior parietal lobes. We replicated the alpha–beta power decreases prior to picture onset in all participants, except for in the two same patients with extensive posterior lesions. Thus, whereas posterior lesions eliminated the behavioural and oscillatory context effect, frontal lesions did not. Hierarchical clustering analyses of all patients’ lesion profiles, and behavioural and electrophysiological effects identified those two patients as having a unique combination of lesion distribution and context effects. These results indicate a critical role for the left lateral‐temporal and inferior parietal lobes, but not frontal cortex, in generating the alpha–beta power decreases underlying context‐driven word production.
Diagnostic accuracy of optical coherence tomography inter‐eye percentage difference for optic neuritis in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Coric D. , Balk L. J. , Uitdehaag B. M. J. , Petzold A. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposeMultiple sclerosis‐associated optic neuritis (MSON) causes atrophy of the inner retinal layers, which can be quantified by optical coherence tomography. It has been suggested that the inter‐eye percentage difference (IEPD) of atrophy may be of diagnostic value in MSON.MethodsThis was a prospective, cross‐sectional study in patients with multiple sclerosis and healthy controls (HCs). Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography of both eyes was performed, followed by automated retinal layer segmentation of the peri‐papillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layer (mGCIPL). Receiver operator characteristics curves were plotted and the area under the curve was calculated for group comparisons of the IEPD of the pRNFL and mGCIPL.ResultsThere were 39 patients with bilateral MSON, 62 patients with unilateral MSON, 106 patients without MSON and 63 HCs. Diagnostic accuracy (area under the curve) of the IEPD was 0.73–0.86 for the pRNFL and 0.75–0.94 for the mGCIPL. The diagnostic sensitivity of the mGCIPL IEPD was 70% with a specificity of 97% for distinguishing unilateral MSON from HCs. For the comparison of bilateral MSON with HCs, sensitivity was 86% with a specificity of 97%.ConclusionsThe IEPD of the pRNFL, and more particularly the IEPD of the mGCIPL, is a useful diagnostic measure for MSON. The IEPD is a dimensionless unit and may therefore contribute to overcome device and proprietary segmentation algorithm limitations.
Long‐term on‐farm participatory maize breeding by stratified mass selection retains molecular diversity while improving agronomic performance
Authors: Alves Mara Lisa , Belo Maria , Carbas Bruna , Brites Cláudia , Paulo Manuel , Mendes‐Moreira Pedro , Brites Carla , Bronze Maria do Rosário , Šatović Zlatko , Vaz Patto Maria Carlota 
Published: September 2017

AbstractModern maize breeding programs gave rise to genetically uniform varieties that can affect maize's capacity to cope with increasing climate unpredictability. Maize populations, genetically more heterogeneous, can evolve and better adapt to a broader range of edaphic–climatic conditions. These populations usually suffer from low yields; it is therefore desirable to improve their agronomic performance while maintaining their valuable diversity levels. With this objective, a long‐term participatory breeding/on‐farm conservation program was established in Portugal. In this program, maize populations were subject to stratified mass selection. This work aimed to estimate the effect of on‐farm stratified mass selection on the agronomic performance, quality, and molecular diversity of two historical maize populations. Multilocation field trials, comparing the initial populations with the derived selection cycles, showed that this selection methodology led to agronomic improvement for one of the populations. The molecular diversity analysis, using microsatellites, revealed that overall genetic diversity in both populations was maintained throughout selection. The comparison of quality parameters between the initial populations and the derived selection cycles was made using kernel from a common‐garden experiment. This analysis showed that the majority of the quality traits evaluated progressed erratically over time. In conclusion, this breeding approach, through simple and low‐cost methodologies, proved to be an alternative strategy for genetic resources’ on‐farm conservation.
Optimal management strategy of insecticide resistance under various insect life histories: Heterogeneous timing of selection and interpatch dispersal
Authors: Sudo Masaaki , Takahashi Daisuke , Andow David A. , Suzuki Yoshito , Yamanaka Takehiko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAlthough theoretical studies have shown that the mixture strategy, which uses multiple toxins simultaneously, can effectively delay the evolution of insecticide resistance, whether it is the optimal management strategy under different insect life histories and insecticide types remains unknown. To test the robustness of this management strategy over different life histories, we developed a series of simulation models that cover almost all the diploid insect types and have the same basic structure describing pest population dynamics and resistance evolution with discrete time steps. For each of two insecticidal toxins, independent one‐locus two‐allele autosomal inheritance of resistance was assumed. The simulations demonstrated the optimality of the mixture strategy either when insecticide efficacy was incomplete or when some part of the population disperses between patches before mating. The rotation strategy, which uses one insecticide on one pest generation and a different one on the next, did not differ from sequential usage in the time to resistance, except when dominance was low. It was the optimal strategy when insecticide efficacy was high and premating selection and dispersal occur.
Anti‐inflammatory effect of astaxanthin in phthalic anhydride‐induced atopic dermatitis animal model
Authors: Park Ju Ho , Yeo In Jun , Han Ji Hye , Suh Jeong Won , Lee Hee Pom , Hong Jin Tae 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this study, we investigated anti‐dermatitic effects of astaxanthin (AST) in phthalic anhydride (PA)‐induced atopic dermatitis (AD) animal model as well as in vitro model. AD‐like lesion was induced by the topical application of 5% PA to the dorsal skin or ear of Hos:HR‐1 mouse. After AD induction, 100 μL of 1 mg/mL and 2 mg/mL of AST (10 μg or 20 μg/cm2) was spread on the dorsum of ear or back skin three times a week for four weeks. We evaluated dermatitis severity, histopathological changes and changes in protein expression by Western blotting for inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) activity. We also measured tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and immunoglobulin E (IgE) concentration in the blood of AD mice by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). AST treatment attenuated the development of PA‐induced AD. Histological analysis showed that AST inhibited hyperkeratosis, mast cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells. AST treatment inhibited expression of iNOS and COX‐2, and NF‐κB activity as well as release of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, IL‐6 and IgE. In addition, AST (5, 10 and 20 μM) potently inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production, expression of iNOS and COX‐2 and NF‐κB DNA binding activities in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. Our data demonstrated that AST could be a promising agent for AD by inhibition of NF‐κB signalling.
Monitoring UV‐induced signalling pathways in an ex vivo skin organ culture model using phospho‐antibody array
Authors: Lenain Christelle , Gamboa Bastien , Perrin Agnes , Séraïdaris Alexia , Bertino Béatrice , Rival Yves , Bernardi Mathieu , Piwnica David , Méhul Bruno 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe investigated UV‐induced signalling in an ex vivo skin organ culture model using phospho‐antibody array. Phosphorylation modulations were analysed in time‐course experiments following exposure to solar‐simulated UV and validated by Western blot analyses. We found that UV induced P‐p38 and its substrates, P‐ERK1/2 and P‐AKT, which were previously shown to be upregulated by UV in cultured keratinocytes and in vivo human skin. This indicates that phospho‐antibody array applied to ex vivo skin organ culture is a relevant experimental system to investigate signalling events following perturbations. As the identified proteins are components of pathways implicated in skin tumorigenesis, UV‐exposed skin organ culture model could be used to investigate the effect on these pathways of NMSC cancer drug candidates. In addition, we found that phospho‐HCK is induced upon UV exposure, producing a new candidate for future studies investigating its role in the skin response to UV and UV‐induced carcinogenesis.