bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular genetic analysis of two native desert palm genera,WashingtoniaandBrahea, from the Baja California Peninsula and Guadalupe Island
Authors: Klimova Anastasia , Hoffman Joseph I. , Gutierrez‐Rivera Jesus N. , Leon de la Luz Jose , Ortega‐Rubio Alfredo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe complex geological and ecological processes that have generated high levels of biodiversity and endemism in the Baja California Peninsula have been the subject of intensive study. However, relatively little is known about phylogeography of the iconic endemic palm species of this region. We therefore analyzed a total of 2,294 bp of chloroplast and 738 bp of nuclear sequence data in 169 samples of five native palm species from Baja California, Sonora and Guadalupe Island. We found thatWashingtoniaandBraheapalms had low levels of genetic diversity and were highly structured, with the majority of species and major geographic regions being characterized by distinct haplotypes. We also found strong support for currently recognized species inWashingtonia, but our results were less clear cut forBraheadue to haplotype sharing. Furthermore, patterns of population structure were broadly consistent with historical vicariant events such as the inundation of the Isthmus of La Paz, the formation of the Sea of Cortez, and the more recent colonization and isolation of Guadalupe Island's palms. Our findings contribute toward a growing appreciation of the complexity of plant responses to past geological changes and also provide valuable baseline genetic data on relict American palm species.
Consequences of population topology for studying gene flow using link‐based landscape genetic methods
Authors: van Strien Maarten J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMany landscape genetic studies aim to determine the effect of landscape on gene flow between populations. These studies frequently employ link‐based methods that relate pairwise measures of historical gene flow to measures of the landscape and the geographical distance between populations. However, apart from landscape and distance, there is a third important factor that can influence historical gene flow, that is, population topology (i.e., the arrangement of populations throughout a landscape). As the population topology is determined in part by the landscape configuration, I argue that it should play a more prominent role in landscape genetics. Making use of existing literature and theoretical examples, I discuss how population topology can influence results in landscape genetic studies and how it can be taken into account to improve the accuracy of these results. In support of my arguments, I have performed a literature review of landscape genetic studies published during the first half of 2015 as well as several computer simulations of gene flow between populations. First, I argue why one should carefully consider which population pairs should be included in link‐based analyses. Second, I discuss several ways in which the population topology can be incorporated in response and explanatory variables. Third, I outline why it is important to sample populations in such a way that a good representation of the population topology is obtained. Fourth, I discuss how statistical testing for link‐based approaches could be influenced by the population topology. I conclude the article with six recommendations geared toward better incorporating population topology in link‐based landscape genetic studies.
Short‐range phenotypic divergence among genetically distinct parapatric populations of an Australian funnel‐web spider
Authors: Wong Mark K. L. , Woodman James D. , Rowell David M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSpeciation involves divergence at genetic and phenotypic levels. Where substantial genetic differentiation exists among populations, examining variation in multiple phenotypic characters may elucidate the mechanisms by which divergence and speciation unfold. Previous work on the Australian funnel‐web spider Atrax sutherlandi Gray (2010; Records of the Australian Museum 62, 285–392; Mygalomorphae: Hexathelidae: Atracinae) has revealed a marked genetic structure along a 110‐kilometer transect, with six genetically distinct, parapatric populations attributable to past glacial cycles. In the present study, we explore variation in three classes of phenotypic characters (metabolic rate, water loss, and morphological traits) within the context of this phylogeographic structuring. Variation in metabolic and water loss rates shows no detectable association with genetic structure; the little variation observed in these rates may be due to the spiders’ behavioral adaptations (i.e., burrowing), which buffer the effects of climatic gradients across the landscape. However, of 17 morphological traits measured, 10 show significant variation among genetic populations, in a disjunct manner that is clearly not latitudinal. Moreover, patterns of variation observed for morphological traits serving different organismic functions (e.g., prey capture, burrowing, and locomotion) are dissimilar. In contrast, a previous study of an ecologically similar sympatric spider with little genetic structure indicated a strong latitudinal response in 10 traits over the same range. The congruence of morphological variation with deep phylogeographic structure in Tallaganda's A. sutherlandi populations, as well as the inconsistent patterns of variation across separate functional traits, suggest that the spiders are likely in early stages of speciation, with parapatric populations independently responding to local selective forces.
Temperature variability and its influence on macroinvertebrate assemblages of alpine springs
Authors: von Fumetti Stefanie , Bieri‐Wigger Fabian , Nagel Peter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractConstant water temperature is thought to be a key factor for macroinvertebrates inhabiting springs. Springs in low mountain ranges are usually fed by deep groundwater. At high altitudes, they are, to a certain degree, fed by near‐surface aquifers and are influenced by snow and permafrost meltwater. This may alter temperature constancy. In this study, we examined 13 springs in the Bernese Alps in Switzerland during 1 year. The aim was to investigate the variability of water temperature and its influence on macroinvertebrate assemblages of alpine springs at different altitudes. Water temperature and solar radiation were continuously monitored; electrical conductivity, pH, and oxygen were measured; and a quantitative sampling of the macroinvertebrates was conducted 3 times from June 2010 to July 2011. Using linear correlation analysis, we detected a significant decrease of the variability of water temperature along the altitudinal gradient. Electrical conductivity was significantly lower in springs at high altitude. This might indicate an influence of snow and permafrost meltwater. The percentage of alpine species significantly increased with altitude. Taxon richness and the percentage of crenobiontic species were not significantly correlated with any physicochemical parameter. Monthly temperature amplitude and snow cover had a significant influence on the composition of macroinvertebrate assemblages, distinguishing high alpine springs from those at lower altitude. Harsh environmental conditions with low but constant water temperatures fostered alpine rhithrobiontic species, also directly at the outflow, that is, in springs. A loss of such highly adapted species is predicted due to climate change.
Prey‐driven control of predator assemblages: zooplankton abundance drives aquatic beetle colonization
Authors: Pintar Matthew R. , Resetarits William J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTrophic interactions are critical determinants of community structure and ecosystem function. In freshwater habitats, top predators are traditionally viewed as drivers of ecosystem structure, shaping populations of consumers and primary producers. The temporary nature of small water bodies makes them dependent on colonization by many organisms, particularly insects that form highly diverse predator assemblages. We conducted mesocosm experiments with naturally colonizing populations of aquatic beetles to assess how prey (zooplankton) abundances influenced colonization and assemblages of natural populations of aquatic beetles. We experimentally demonstrate that zooplankton populations can be proximate regulators of predator populations and assemblages via prey‐density‐dependent predator recruitment. Our results provide support for the importance of prey populations in structuring predator populations and the role of habitat selection in structuring communities. We indicate that traditional views of predators as drivers of ecosystem structure in many systems may not provide a comprehensive picture, particularly in the context of highly disturbed or ephemeral habitats.
Assessment of deep dynamic mechanical sensitivity in individuals with tension‐type headache: The dynamic pressure algometry
Authors: Palacios‐Ceña M. , Wang K. , Castaldo M. , Guerrero‐Peral Á. , Caminero A.B. , Fernández‐de‐las‐Peñas C. , Arendt‐Nielsen L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the validity of dynamic pressure algometry for evaluating deep dynamic mechanical sensitivity by assessing its association with headache features and widespread pressure sensitivity in tension‐type headache (TTH).MethodsOne hundred and eighty‐eight subjects with TTH (70% women) participated. Deep dynamic sensitivity was assessed with a dynamic pressure algometry set (Aalborg University, Denmark©) consisting of 11 different rollers including fixed levels from 500 g to 5300 g. Each roller was moved at a speed of 0.5 cm/s over a 60‐mm horizontal line covering the temporalis muscle. Dynamic pain threshold (DPT‐level of the first painful roller) was determined and pain intensity during DPT was rated on a numerical pain rate scale (NPRS, 0–10). Headache clinical features were collected on a headache diary. As gold standard, static pressure pain thresholds (PPT) were assessed over temporalis, C5/C6 joint, second metacarpal, and tibialis anterior muscle.ResultsSide‐to‐side consistency between DPT (r = 0.843, p < 0.001) and pain evoked (r = 0.712; p < 0.001) by dynamic algometer was observed. DPT was moderately associated with widespread PPTs (0.526 > r > 0.656, all p < 0.001). Furthermore, pain during DPT was negatively associated with widespread PPTs (−0.370 < r < −0.162, all p < 0.05).DiscussionDynamic pressure algometry was a valid tool for assessing deep dynamic mechanical sensitivity in TTH. DPT was associated with widespread pressure sensitivity independently of the frequency of headaches supporting that deep dynamic pressure sensitivity within the trigeminal area is consistent with widespread pressure sensitivity. Assessing deep static and dynamic somatic tissue pain sensitivity may provide new opportunities for differentiated diagnostics and possibly a new tool for assessing treatment effects.SignificanceThe current study found that dynamic pressure algometry in the temporalis muscle was associated with widespread pressure pain sensitivity in individuals with tension‐type headache. The association was independent of the frequency of headaches. Assessing deep static and dynamic somatic tissue pain sensitivity may provide new opportunities for differentiated diagnostics and possibly a tool for assessing treatment effects.
Facile Synthesis of Ultra‐wide Two Dimensional Bi2S3 Nanosheets: Characterizations, Properties and Applications in Hydrogen Peroxide Sensing and Hydrogen Storage
Authors: Arabzadeh Abbas , Salimi Abdollah 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe ultra‐wide two dimensional Bi2S3 nanosheets (2D Bi2S3 Ns) as non‐toxic graphene‐like nanomaterials have been prepared through solvothermal decomposition of a single‐source precursor, Bi(S2CNEt2)3, in ethylenediamine media for 2 h in 180 °C. The morphology, structure, properties and catalytic activity of prepared 2D Bi2S3 Ns were characterized with XRD, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV‐Visible spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), amperometry, electrochemical charge/discharge technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The SEM image showed the 2D Bi2S3 Ns with a thickness of 15±4 nm and lengths of several micrometers is synthesized. The UV−Vis spectrum of 2D Bi2S3 Ns showed high sensitivity to visible‐near infrared light with its direct energy band gap of ≈1.22 eV. These Bi2S3 Ns showed high electron transfer ability and good electrochemical behavior and also exhibited electro‐catalytic activity toward the reduction‐oxidation of hydrogen peroxide. It is found that Bi2S3 Ns could detect H2O2 at wide linear concentration range (50.0 μM–8.0 mM) with detection limit 8 μM, using amperometry as measuring technique. Also the synthesized Bi2S3 Ns exhibited excellent electrochemical H2 storage properties. As a result, based on above properties, the Bi2S3 Ns can be used as a valuable and useful nanomaterial for H2 storage, high‐energy batteries, electrocatalytic fields and electrochemical sensing.
Ablative Pyrolysis of Wood Chips: Effect of Operating Conditions
Authors: Luo Guanqun , Eng Ryan J. , Jia Pei , Resende Fernando L. P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe pyrolyzed entire wood chips (5×15 mm) in a new ablative reactor with the goal to evaluate the possibility to minimize grinding costs before pyrolysis. The effects of the operating parameters on the product yields and composition were investigated. Our results revealed that the bio‐oil yield in the ablative reactor was favored at a moderate pyrolysis temperature of 500 °C, low initial thickness of the wood chips layer (≤5 mm), low applied pressure on the wood chips (≤0.5 bar), and with the rotation of the bowl (≥100 rpm). The temperature profile of the wood chips indicated that the ablative pyrolysis of thick layers is limited strongly by heat transfer rates. The maximum bio‐oil yield obtained was approximately 60 wt %. The bio‐oil elemental composition was determined mostly by its water content and that of char was affected primarily by the temperature. The knowledge of how operating conditions affect the ablative process can be used in the design of continuous mobile pyrolysis units in the future.
Evidence for Cognitive Remediation Therapy in Young People with Anorexia Nervosa: Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of the Literature
Authors: Tchanturia Kate , Giombini Lucia , Leppanen Jenni , Kinnaird Emma 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCognitive remediation therapy (CRT) for eating disorders has demonstrated promising findings in adult age groups, with randomised treatment trials and systematic reviews demonstrating medium to large effect sizes in improved cognitive performance. In recent years, several case series have been conducted for young people with anorexia nervosa, but these findings have not been synthesised in the form of a systematic review. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the evidence for the efficacy of CRT in child and adolescent age groups. Nine studies were identified, with a subsequent meta‐analysis suggesting improvements in cognitive performance with small effect sizes. Patient feedback was positive, with low dropout rates. These findings suggest that CRT has potential as a supplementary treatment for young people with anorexia nervosa, warranting further investigation using randomised treatment trials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
A new convergent synthesis of (±)‐methyl jasmonate based on a C4 + C6 synthon approach
Authors: Jaunky Piotr , Buirey Julien , Mahaim Cyril 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA new, convergent synthesis of (±)‐methyl jasmonate is presented. The strategy is based on a C4+C6 synthon approach. The C4 fragment N,4,4‐trimethoxy‐N‐methyl‐butanamide (5) was prepared in 4 steps starting from chloroacetyl chloride via the previously unreported N,4,4‐trimethoxy‐N‐methylbut‐2‐enamide (4). The coupling of 5 with the C6 synthon, cis‐3‐hexenyl magnesium chloride (6), provided easy access to (Z)‐4‐oxodec‐7‐enal (8). The latter was converted to the key intermediate (Z)‐2‐(pent‐2‐en‐1‐yl)cyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐one (9) from which (±)‐methyl jasmonate can be obtained in high yield using well‐established procedures.
Retraction: ‘Effect of blonanserin on cognitive function in antipsychotic‐naïve first‐episode schizophrenia’
Authors: Tenjin Tomomi , Miyamoto Seiya , Miyake Nobumi , Ogino Shin , Kitajima Rei , Ojima Kazuaki , Arai Jun , Teramoto Haruki , Tsukahara Sachiko , Ito Yukie , Tadokoro Masanori , Anai Kiriko , Funamoto Yasuyuki , Kaneda Yasuhiro , Sumiyoshi Tomiki , Yamaguchi Noboru 
Published: June 2017

The above article from Human Psychopharmacology, first published on 25 January 2012 in Wiley OnlineLibrary (onlinelibrary.wiley.com), and in Volume 90, pp. 90‐100, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor in Chief, David Baldwin, and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The retraction has been agreed following an investigation by the St Marianna University Ethics Committee which determined that the paper was not as originally designed and approved.REFERENCESTenjin, T., Miyamoto, S., Miyake, N., Ogino, S., Kitajima, R., Ojima, K., … Yamaguchi, N. (2012). Effect of blonanserin on cognitive function in antipsychotic‐naïve first‐episode schizophrenia. Hum. Psychopharmacol Clin Exp, 27, 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1002/hup.1276.
Removable partial denture alloys processed by laser‐sintering technique
Authors: Alageel Omar , Abdallah Mohamed‐Nur , Alsheghri Ammar , Song Jun , Caron Eric , Tamimi Faleh 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRemovable partial dentures (RPDs) are traditionally made using a casting technique. New additive manufacturing processes based on laser sintering has been developed for quick fabrication of RPDs metal frameworks at low cost. The objective of this study was to characterize the mechanical, physical, and biocompatibility properties of RPD cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) alloys produced by two laser‐sintering systems and compare them to those prepared using traditional casting methods. The laser‐sintered Co–Cr alloys were processed by the selective laser‐sintering method (SLS) and the direct metal laser‐sintering (DMLS) method using the Phenix system (L‐1) and EOS system (L‐2), respectively. L‐1 and L‐2 techniques were 8 and 3.5 times more precise than the casting (CC) technique (p < 0.05). Co–Cr alloys processed by L‐1 and L‐2 showed higher (p < 0.05) hardness (14–19%), yield strength (10–13%), and fatigue resistance (71–72%) compared to CC alloys. This was probably due to their smaller grain size and higher microstructural homogeneity. All Co–Cr alloys exhibited low porosity (2.1–3.3%); however, pore distribution was more homogenous in L‐1 and L‐2 alloys when compared to CC alloys. Both laser‐sintered and cast alloys were biocompatible. In conclusion, laser‐sintered alloys are more precise and present better mechanical and fatigue properties than cast alloys for RPDs. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1174–1185, 2018.
Patterns of morphological integration between parietal and temporal areas in the human skull
Authors: Bruner Emiliano , Pereira‐Pedro Ana Sofia , Bastir Markus 
Published: June 2017

AbstractModern humans have evolved bulging parietal areas and large, projecting temporal lobes. Both changes, largely due to a longitudinal expansion of these cranial and cerebral elements, were hypothesized to be the result of brain evolution and cognitive variations. Nonetheless, the independence of these two morphological characters has not been evaluated. Because of structural and functional integration among cranial elements, changes in the position of the temporal poles can be a secondary consequence of parietal bulging and reorientation of the head axis. In this study, we use geometric morphometrics to test the correlation between parietal shape and the morphology of the endocranial base in a sample of adult modern humans. Our results suggest that parietal proportions show no correlation with the relative position of the temporal poles within the spatial organization of the endocranial base. The vault and endocranial base are likely to be involved in distinct morphogenetic processes, with scarce or no integration between these two districts. Therefore, the current evidence rejects the hypothesis of reciprocal morphological influences between parietal and temporal morphology, suggesting that evolutionary spatial changes in these two areas may have been independent. However, parietal bulging exerts a visible effect on the rotation of the cranial base, influencing head position and orientation. This change can have had a major relevance in the reorganization of the head functional axis.
Biexponential T2 relaxation estimation of human knee cartilage in vivo at 3T
Authors: Sharafi Azadeh , Chang Gregory , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeTo evaluate biexponential T2 relaxation mapping of human knee cartilage in vivo in clinically feasible scan times.Materials and MethodsT2‐weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired from eight healthy volunteers using a standard 3T clinical scanner. A 3D Turbo‐Flash sequence was modified to enable T2‐weighted imaging with different echo times. Series of T2‐weighted images were fitted using mono‐ and biexponential models with two‐ and four‐parametric nonlinear approaches, respectively.ResultsBiexponential relaxation of T2 was detected in the knee cartilage in five regions of interest in all eight healthy volunteers. Short/long relaxation components of T2 were estimated to be 8.27 ± 0.68 / 45.35 ± 3.79 msec with corresponding fractions of 41.3 ± 1.1% / 58.6 ± 4.6%, respectively. The monoexponential relaxation of T2 was measured to be 26.9 ± 2.27 msec. The experiments showed good repeatability with coefficient of variation root mean square (CVrms) < 18% in all regions. The only difference in gender was observed in medial tibial cartilage, where the biexponential T2 in female volunteers was significantly higher compared to male volunteers (P = 0.014). Significant differences were observed in T2 relaxation between different regions on interest.ConclusionBiexponential relaxation of T2 was observed in the human knee cartilage in vivo. The short and long components are thought to be related to the tightly bound and loosely bound macromolecular water compartments. These preliminary results of biexponential T2 analysis could potentially be used to increase the specificity for detection of early osteoarthritis by measuring different water compartments and their fractions.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 1J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:809–819.