bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ergonomics and Beyond
Authors: Ross Jennifer A. , Shipp Eva M. , Trueblood Amber B. , Bhattacharya Amit 
Published: April 2016

Objective: To honor Tom Waters’s work on emerging occupational health issues, we review the literature on physical along with chemical exposures and their impact on functional outcomes. Background: Many occupations present the opportunity for exposure to multiple hazardous exposures, including both physical and chemical factors. However, little is known about how these different factors affect functional ability and injury. The goal of this review is to examine the relationships between these exposures, impairment of the neuromuscular and musculoskeletal systems, functional outcomes, and health problems with a focus on acute injury. Method: Literature was identified using online databases, including PubMed, Ovid Medline, and Google Scholar. References from included articles were searched for additional relevant articles. Results: This review documented the limited existing literature that discussed cognitive impairment and functional disorders via neurotoxicity for physical exposures (heat and repetitive loading) and chemical exposures (pesticides, volatile organic compounds [VOCs], and heavy metals). Conclusion: This review supports that workers are exposed to physical and chemical exposures that are associated with negative health effects, including functional impairment and injury. Innovation in exposure assessment with respect to quantifying the joint exposure to these different exposures is especially needed for developing risk assessment models and, ultimately, preventive measures. Application: Along with physical exposures, chemical exposures need to be considered, alone and in combination, in assessing functional ability and occupationally related injuries.
Decreased maximum clot firmness in rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) is associated with bleeding during extracorporeal mechanical circulatory support
Authors: Laine Antti , Niemi Tomi , Suojaranta-Ylinen Raili , Raivio Peter , Soininen Leena , Lemström Karl , Hämmäinen Pekka , Schramko Alexey 
Published: April 2016

Background: We aimed to characterize the coagulation disturbances which may increase the risk of bleeding, thrombosis or death shortly after implantation of an extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or ventricular assist (VAD) device. Methods: Antithrombotic treatment was started in 23 VAD and 24 ECMO patients according to the hospital protocol. Additionally, conventional laboratory testing, rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®) and platelet function analysis (Multiplate®) were performed at predetermined intervals. Results: Four out of twenty-four (16.7%) of ECMO patients and 6/23 (26.1%) of VAD patients had severe bleeding after the procedure. When all the patients were analyzed together, low maximum clot firmness (MCF) in ExTEM and FibTEM analyses was associated with severe bleeding (p<0.05) and low MCF in FibTEM with 30-day mortality. Low platelet count and hematocrit levels were also associated with severe bleeding. When VAD and ECMO patients were separated into different groups, the association between ROTEM® parameters, bleeding and survival was found only in limited time points. Four patients with VAD had cerebral ischemia indicative of thromboembolism. However, this had no significant correlation with ROTEM® or Multiplate® parameters. Conclusion: Hypocoagulation shown by ROTEM® was associated with bleeding complications in patients with mechanical circulatory support. In contrast, hypercoagulation did not correlate with clinical thrombosis.
Caregiving demands and caregivers’ psychological outcomes: the mediating role of perceived injustice
Authors: Mohammadi Somayyeh , de Boer Maaike J , Sanderman Robbert , Hagedoorn Mariët 
Published: April 2016

Objectives: This study hypothesized that higher caregiving demands are related to higher perceived injustice. Furthermore, this study investigated the mediating role of perceived injustice in the link between caregiving demands and caregivers’ psychological well-being. Design: A cross-sectional design. Setting: The Pain Centre of the university medical centre. Subjects: Participants were 184 family caregivers of patients with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Main measures: Participants completed questionnaires that assessed caregiving demands (i.e. The Dutch Objective Burden Inventory), perceived injustice (i.e. The Injustice Experience Questionnaire), how much they considered different sources responsible for the injustice they experienced (i.e. A newly developed inventory), perceived burden (i.e. The Zarit Burden Interview), distress (i.e. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale), and anger (i.e. The Hostility subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised). Results: The findings showed that caregiving demands are significantly related to perceived injustice in family caregivers (r = .44; P < .001). Only a small group of family caregivers considered the patient or themselves responsible, but more than half of the caregivers considered healthcare providers at least somewhat responsible for the unjust situation. Finally, perceived injustice mediated the association between caregiving demands and burden (b = .11, CI: .04-.23) and distress (b = .05, CI: .006-.12), but not anger (b = .008, CI: -.01-.06). Conclusion: The findings suggest that perceived injustice plays an important role in the well-being of family caregivers and caregivers’ well-being may be improved by changing their perceptions about their caregiving tasks and their condition.
Ambient temperature and FIT performance in the Emilia-Romagna colorectal cancer screening programme
Authors: De Girolamo Gianfranco , Goldoni Carlo A , Corradini Rossella , Giuliani Orietta , Falcini Fabio , Sassoli De’Bianchi Priscilla , Naldoni Carlo , Zauli Sajani Stefano 
Published: April 2016

Objective To assess the impact of ambient temperature on faecal immunochemical test (FIT) performance in the colorectal cancer screening programme of Emilia-Romagna (Italy). Methods A population-based retrospective cohort study on data from 2005 to 2011. Positive rate, detection rate, and positive predictive value rate for cancers and adenomas, and incidence rate of interval cancers after negative tests were analysed using Poisson regression models. In addition to ambient temperature, gender, age, screening history, and Local Health Unit were also considered. Results In 1,521,819 tests analysed, the probability of a positive result decreased linearly with increasing temperature. Point estimates and 95% Confidence Intervals were estimated for six temperature classes (<5, 5 |−10, 10 |−15, 15 |−20, 20|−25 and ≥25℃), and referred to the 5|-10℃ class. The positive rate ratio was significantly related to temperature increase: 0.99 (0.97–1.02), 1, 0.98 (0.96–1.00), 0.96 (0.94–0.99), 0.93 (0.91–0.96), 0.92 (0.89–0.95). A linear trend was also evident for advanced adenoma detection rate ratio: 1.00 (0.96–1.04), 1, 0.98 (0.93–1.02), 0.96 (0.92–1.00), 0.92 (0.88–0.96), 0.94 (0.88–1.01). The effect was less linear, but still important, for cancer detection rates: 0.95 (0.85–1.06), 1, 1.00 (0.90–1.10), 0.94 (0.85–1.05), 0.81 (0.72–0.92), 0.93 (0.80–1.09). No association or linear trend was found for positive predictive values or risk of interval cancer, despite an excess of +16% in the highest temperature class for interval cancer. Conclusions Ambient temperatures can affect screening performance. Continued monitoring is needed to verify the effect of introducing FIT tubes with a new buffer, which should guarantee a higher stability of haemoglobin.
Which endovenous ablation method does offer a better long-term technical success in the treatment of the incompetent great saphenous vein? Review
Authors: Balint Renata , Farics Akos , Parti Krisztina , Vizsy Laszlo , Batorfi Jozsef , Menyhei Gabor , Balint Istvan B 
Published: April 2016

Objective The aim of this review article was to evaluate the long-term technical success rates of the known endovenous ablation procedures in the treatment of the incompetence of the great saphenous vein. Methods A literature search was conducted in the PubMed-database until the 5 January 2016. All publications with four to five years follow-up were eligible. Meta-analysis was performed by the IVhet-model. Results Eight hundred and sixty-two unique publications were found; 17 of them were appropriate for meta-analysis. Overall, 1420 limbs were included in the trial, 939 for endovenous laser ablation, 353 for radiofrequency ablation and 128 for ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy. Overall, technical success rates were 84.8% for endovenous laser ablation, 88.7% for radiofrequency ablation and 32.8% for ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy. There were no significant differences between endovenous laser ablation, radiofrequency ablation and ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy regarding the great saphenous vein reopening ( p = 0.66; OR: 0.22; 95% of CI: 0.08–0.62 for radiofrequency ablation vs. endovenous laser ablation; p = 0.96; OR: 0.11; 95% of CI: 0.06–0.20 for endovenous laser ablation vs. ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy; p = 0.93; OR: 3.20; 95% of CI: 0.54–18.90 for ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy vs. radiofrequency ablation). Conclusion Both endovenous laser ablation and radiofrequency ablation are efficient in great saphenous vein occlusion on the long term. Lacking long-conducted large trials, the efficacy and reliability of ultrasound guided foam sclerotherapy to treat great saphenous vein-reflux is not affirmed.
Controlled attenuation parameter using the FibroScan® XL probe for quantification of hepatic steatosis for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in an Asian population
Authors: Chan Wah‐Kheong , Nik Mustapha Nik Raihan , Wong Grace Lai‐Hung , Wong Vincent Wai‐Sun , Mahadeva Sanjiv 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThe FibroScan® XL probe reduces failure of liver stiffness measurement (LSM) and unreliable results in obese patients.ObjectiveThe objective of this article is to evaluate the accuracy of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) obtained using the XL probe for the estimation of hepatic steatosis in patients with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).MethodsAdult NAFLD patients with a liver biopsy within six months were included and were examined with the FibroScan® M and XL probes. Histopathological findings were reported according to the Non‐Alcoholic Steatohepatitis Clinical Research Network Scoring System. Participants who did not have fatty liver on ultrasonography were recruited as controls.ResultsA total of 57 NAFLD patients and 22 controls were included. The mean age of the NAFLD patients and controls was 50.1 ± 10.4 years and 20.2 ± 1.3 years, respectively (p  = 0.000). The mean body mass index was 30.2 ± 5.0 kg per m2 and 20.5 ± 2.4 kg per m2, respectively (p  = 0.000). The distribution of steatosis grades were: S0, 29%; S1, 17%; S2, 35%; S3, 19%. The AUROC for estimation of steatosis grade ≥ S1, S2 and S3 was 0.94, 0.80 and 0.69, respectively, using the M probe, and 0.97, 0.81 and 0.67, respectively, using the XL probe.ConclusionCAP obtained using the XL probe had similar accuracy as the M probe for the estimation of hepatic steatosis in NAFLD patients.
Forecasting US ivacaftor outcomes and cost in cystic fibrosis patients with the G551D mutation
Authors: Dilokthornsakul Piyameth , Hansen Ryan N. , Campbell Jonathan D. 
Published: April 2016

Ivacaftor, a breakthrough treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF) patients with the G551D genetic mutation, lacks long-term clinical and cost projections. This study forecasted outcomes and cost by comparing ivacaftor plus usual careversususual care alone.A lifetime Markov model was conducted from a US payer perspective. The model consisted of five health states: 1) forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) % pred ≥70%, 2) 40%≤ FEV1% pred <70%, 3) FEV1% pred <40%, 4) lung transplantation and 5) death. All inputs were extracted from published literature. Budget impact was also estimated. We estimated ivacaftor's improvement in outcomes compared with a non-CF referent population.Ivacaftor was associated with 18.25 (95% credible interval (CrI) 13.71–22.20) additional life-years and 15.03 (95% CrI 11.13–18.73) additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Ivacaftor was associated with improvements in survival and QALYs equivalent to 68% and 56%, respectively, for the survival and QALY gaps between CF usual care and their non-CF peers. The incremental lifetime cost was $3 374 584. The budget impact was $0.087 per member per month.Ivacaftor increased life-years and QALYs in CF patients with the G551D mutation, and moved morbidity and mortality closer to that of their non-CF peers. Ivacaftor costs much more than usual care, but comes at a relatively limited budget impact.
Cigarette smoke-induced epithelial expression of WNT-5B: implications for COPD
Authors: Heijink Irene H. , de Bruin Harold G. , Dennebos Robin , Jonker Marnix R. , Noordhoek Jacobien A. , Brandsma Corry-Anke , van den Berge Maarten , Postma Dirkje S. 
Published: April 2016

Wingless/integrase-1 (WNT) signalling is associated with lung inflammation and repair, but its role in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) pathogenesis is unclear. We investigated whether cigarette smoke-induced dysregulation of WNT-5B contributes to airway remodelling in COPD.We analysed WNT-5B protein expression in the lung tissue of COPD patients and (non)smoking controls, and investigated the effects of cigarette smoke exposure on WNT-5B expression in COPD and control-derived primary bronchial epithelial cells (PBECs). Additionally, we studied downstream effects of WNT-5B on remodelling related genes fibronectin, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-9 and SnaiI in BEAS-2B and air–liquid interface (ALI)-cultured PBECs.We observed that airway epithelial WNT-5B expression is significantly higher in lung tissue from COPD patients than controls. Cigarette smoke extract significantly increased mRNA expression of WNT-5B in COPD, but not control-derived PBECs. Exogenously added WNT-5B augmented the expression of remodelling related genes in BEAS-2B cells, which was mediated by transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad3 signalling. In addition, WNT-5B upregulated the expression of these genes in ALI-cultured PBECs, particularly PBECs from COPD patients.Together, our results provide evidence that exaggerated WNT-5B expression upon cigarette smoke exposure in the bronchial epithelium of COPD patients leads to TGF-β/Smad3-dependent expression of genes related to airway remodelling.
Recommendations to improve smoking cessation outcomes from people with lung conditions who smoke
Authors: Masefield Sarah , Powell Pippa , Jiménez-Ruiz Carlos , Hajek Peter , Lewis Keir , Andreas Stefan , Tønnesen Philip , van Schayck Onno , Gratziou Christina , Dautzenberg Bertrand , Tonstad Serena , Hering Thomas , Nardini Stephano , Fletcher Monica 
Published: April 2016

This study aimed to gain insight into the impact of lung conditions on smoking behaviour and smoking cessation, and identify recommendations for smoking cessation and professional-patient communications. The study was led by the European Lung Foundation in collaboration with the European Respiratory Society Task Force on “Statement on smoking cessation on COPD and other pulmonary diseases and in smokers with comorbidities who find it difficult to quit”.A web-based observational cross-sectional questionnaire was developed from a patient-centered literature review. Topics covered were: cohort characteristics; perspectives on smoking cessation; interactions with healthcare professionals; and recommendations to improve cessation outcomes.The questionnaire was disseminatedviaexisting patient and professional networks and social media channels. The survey was available online for a period of 4 months in 16 languages. The data were analysed as a whole, not by country, with thematic analysis of the open responses.Common characteristics were: male (54%); age 40–55 years (39%); 11–20 cigarettes a day (39%); smokes within 30 min of waking (61%); and has made 1–5 cessation attempts in the previous 12 months (54%). 59% had tried cessation treatments, but, of these, 55% had not found any treatments helpful.Recommendations were: earlier intervention; discussion of the patient's smoking beliefs, behaviours and motivation; giving constructive advice; understanding addiction; informed decision-making; and treatment options. Areas for new and further research have been highlighted through exploring the smoking cessation perspectives and recommendations of people with lung conditions in Europe who smoke.
Partnerships in global health and collaborative governance: lessons learnt from the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine at the Geneva University Hospitals
Authors: Beran David , Aebischer Perone Sigiriya , Alcoba Gabriel , Bischoff Alexandre , Bussien Claire-Lise , Eperon Gilles , Hagon Olivier , Heller Olivia , Jacquerioz Bausch Frédérique , Perone Nicolas , Vogel Thomas , Chappuis François 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Background
In 2007 the “Crisp Report” on international partnerships increased interest in Northern countries on the way their links with Southern partners operated. Since its establishment in 2007 the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine at the Geneva University Hospitals has developed a variety of partnerships. Frameworks to assess these partnerships are needed and recent attention in the field of public management on collaborative governance may provide a useful approach for analyzing international collaborations.

Methods
Projects of the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine were analyzed by collaborators within the Division using the model proposed by Emerson and colleagues for collaborative governance, which comprises different components that assess the collaborative process.

Results
International projects within the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine can be divided into four categories: Human resource development; Humanitarian response; Neglected Tropical Diseases and Noncommunicable diseases. For each of these projects there was a clear leader from the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine as well as a local counterpart. These individuals were seen as leaders both due to their role in establishing the collaboration as well as their technical expertise. Across these projects the actual partners vary greatly. This diversity means a wide range of contributions to the collaboration, but also complexity in managing different interests. A common definition of the collaborative aims in each of the projects is both a formal and informal process. Legal, financial and administrative aspects of the collaboration are the formal elements. These can be a challenge based on different administrative requirements. Friendship is part of the informal aspects and helps contribute to a relationship that is not exclusively professional.

Conclusion
Using collaborative governance allows the complexity of managing partnerships to be presented. The framework used highlights the process of establishing collaborations, which is an element often negated by other more traditional models used in international partnerships. Applying the framework to the projects of the Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine highlights the importance of shared values and interests, credibility of partners, formal and informal methods of management as well as friendship.
Mitochondrial transplantation for therapeutic use
Authors: McCully James D. , Levitsky Sidney , del Nido Pedro J. , Cowan Douglas B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMitochondria play a key role in the homeostasis of the vast majority of the body's cells. In the myocardium where mitochondria constitute 30 % of the total myocardial cell volume, temporary attenuation or obstruction of blood flow and as a result oxygen delivery to myocardial cells (ischemia) severely alters mitochondrial structure and function. These alterations in mitochondrial structure and function occur during ischemia and continue after blood flow and oxygen delivery to the myocardium is restored, and significantly decrease myocardial contractile function and myocardial cell survival. We hypothesized that the augmentation or replacement of mitochondria damaged by ischemia would provide a mechanism to enhance cellular function and cellular rescue following the restoration of blood flow. To test this hypothesis we have used a model of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion. Our studies demonstrate that the transplantation of autologous mitochondria, isolated from the patient's own body, and then directly injected into the myocardial during early reperfusion augment the function of native mitochondria damaged during ischemia and enhances myocardial post‐ischemic functional recovery and cellular viability. The transplanted mitochondria act both extracellularly and intracellularly. Extracellularly, the transplanted mitochondria enhance high energy synthesis and cellular adenosine triphosphate stores and alter the myocardial proteome. Once internalized the transplanted mitochondria rescue cellular function and replace damaged mitochondrial DNA. There is no immune or auto‐immune reaction and there is no pro‐arrhythmia as a result of the transplanted mitochondria. Our studies and those of others demonstrate that mitochondrial transplantation can be effective in a number of cell types and diseases. These include cardiac and skeletal muscle, pulmonary and hepatic tissue and cells and in neuronal tissue. In this review we discuss the mechanisms leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and the effects on cellular function. We provide a methodology for the isolation of mitochondria to allow for clinical relevance and we discuss the methods we and others have used for the uptake and internalization of mitochondria. We foresee that mitochondrial transplantation will be a valued treatment in the armamentarium of all clinicians and surgeons for the treatment of varied ischemic disorders, mitochondrial diseases and related disorders.
‘Let’s try that curtsy again’: Understanding the Royal presence in a New Zealand photo caption competition
Authors: Lloyd Mike 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article builds on a previously published article in this journal that analysed the first twenty episodes of a photo caption competition running in a very popular New Zealand magazine. Visible hand gestures and embodied expressions were central in the photos that entrants completed by submitting a caption. These provide a readily understandable and economic platform for directing competitors in the task of making humour. Returning to the competition over two years later, embodiment is still central, but another interesting feature of the competition is discovered. Using a fuller set of 132 episodes, and on the basis of readily available categorizations of the people shown in the photos, we see an interesting breakdown in the types of people shown in the photos: politicians are most frequently shown, but the British Royal Family are also high up in the appearance stakes. The strong royal presence deserves analysis, and to help in this task Davies’ work on Jokes and Targets (2011), and varied work from celebrity studies, is employed. Such work can only partly explain the complexity of such visual humour, as each photo has its own particularities that help channel humour construction.