bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Citizens' Media
Authors: Rodríguez Clemencia 
Published: September 2017

Citizens' media is a term used by communication and media scholars to refer to electronic media (i.e., → Radio, → Television, → Video) and information and communication technologies (i.e., text messaging, cellular telephony, → Internet) that are controlled and used by citizens and collectives to meet their own information and communication needs. As an academic term, citizens' media belongs to a large family of concepts that, among others, include community media, alternative media, autonomous media, participatory media, and radical media (→ Activist Media; Communication Technology and Democracy; Community Media; Participatory Communication).
Open Access Journals
Authors: Rowlands Ian , Nicholas David 
Published: September 2017

Open access (OA) refers to a publishing practice in which users are granted rights of free access to digital content. Anyone, regardless of their institutional or personal status, can read and download OA materials without charge. OA is an invention of the
digital era
and only feasible because of the Internet and the world wide web. These technologies make it possible to separate the fixed costs of producing an article from the marginal cost of its distribution, which is effectively zero. This separation is critical to understanding OA business models (→ Information and Communication Technology, Development of).
Tuning of a Vertical Spin Valve with a Monolayer of Single Molecule Magnets
Authors: Cucinotta Giuseppe , Poggini Lorenzo , Pedrini Alessandro , Bertani Federico , Cristiani Nicola , Torelli Martina , Graziosi Patrizio , Cimatti Irene , Cortigiani Brunetto , Otero Edwige , Ohresser Philippe , Sainctavit Philippe , Dediu Alek , Dalcanale Enrico , Sessoli Roberta , Mannini Matteo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe synthesis and the chemisorption from solution of a terbium bis‐phthalocyaninato complex suitable for the functionalization of lanthanum strontium manganite (LSMO) are reported. Two phosphonate groups are introduced in the double decker structure in order to allow the grafting to the ferromagnetic substrate actively used as injection electrode in organic spin valve devices. The covalent bonding of functionalized terbium bis‐phthalocyaninato system on LSMO surface preserves its molecular properties at the nanoscale. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the integrity of the molecules on the LSMO surface and a small magnetic hysteresis reminiscent of the typical single molecule magnet behavior of this system is detected on surface by X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism experiments. The effect of the hybrid magnetic electrode on spin polarized injection is investigated in vertical organic spin valve devices and compared to the behavior of similar spin valves embedding a single diamagnetic layer of alkyl phosphonate molecules analogously chemisorbed on LSMO. Magnetoresistance experiments have evidenced significant alterations of the magneto‐transport by the terbium bis‐phthalocyaninato complex characterized by two distinct temperature regimes, below and above 50 K, respectively.
Fabrication of Trabecular Bone‐Templated Tissue‐Engineered Constructs by 3D Inkjet Printing
Authors: Vanderburgh Joseph P. , Fernando Shanik J. , Merkel Alyssa R. , Sterling Julie A. , Guelcher Scott A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract3D printing enables the creation of scaffolds with precisely controlled morphometric properties for multiple tissue types, including musculoskeletal tissues such as cartilage and bone. Computed tomography (CT) imaging has been combined with 3D printing to fabricate anatomically scaled patient‐specific scaffolds for bone regeneration. However, anatomically scaled scaffolds typically lack sufficient resolution to recapitulate the <100 micrometer‐scale trabecular architecture essential for investigating the cellular response to the morphometric properties of bone. In this study, it is hypothesized that the architecture of trabecular bone regulates osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. To test this hypothesis, human bone‐templated 3D constructs are fabricated via a new micro‐CT/3D inkjet printing process. It is shown that this process reproducibly fabricates bone‐templated constructs that recapitulate the anatomic site‐specific morphometric properties of trabecular bone. A significant correlation is observed between the structure model index (a morphometric parameter related to surface curvature) and the degree of mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells, with more concave surfaces promoting more extensive osteoblast differentiation and mineralization compared to predominately convex surfaces. These findings highlight the significant effects of trabecular architecture on osteoblast function.
The Role of Rubidium in Multiple‐Cation‐Based High‐Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yadav Pankaj , Dar M. Ibrahim , Arora Neha , Alharbi Essa A. , Giordano Fabrizio , Zakeeruddin Shaik Mohammed , Grätzel Michael 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) based on cesium (Cs)‐ and rubidium (Rb)‐containing perovskite films show highly reproducible performance; however, a fundamental understanding of these systems is still emerging. Herein, this study has systematically investigated the role of Cs and Rb cations in complete devices by examining the transport and recombination processes using current–voltage characteristics and impedance spectroscopy in the dark. As the credibility of these measurements depends on the performance of devices, this study has chosen two different PSCs, (MAFACs)Pb(IBr)3 (MA = CH3NH3+, FA = CH(NH2)2+) and (MAFACsRb)Pb(IBr)3, yielding impressive performances of 19.5% and 21.1%, respectively. From detailed studies, this study surmises that the confluence of the low trap‐assisted charge‐carrier recombination, low resistance offered to holes at the perovskite/2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9‐spirobifluorene interface with a low series resistance (Rs), and low capacitance leads to the realization of higher performance when an extra Rb cation is incorporated into the absorber films. This study provides a thorough understanding of the impact of inorganic cations on the properties and performance of highly efficient devices, and also highlights new strategies to fabricate efficient multiple‐cation‐based PSCs.
“Three‐in‐One:” A New 3D Hybrid Structure of Li3V2(PO4)3 @ Biomorphic Carbon for High‐Rate and Low‐Temperature Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Cheng Yi , Feng Kai , Wang Huaiqing , Zhang Hongzhang , Li Xianfeng , Zhang Huamin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractLi3V2(PO4)3 with high specific capacity and high operating potential has been considered as a promising cathode for the next generation lithium ion batteries (LIBs). But the low electronic conductivity restricts its practical applications. Here, a rational design of 3D hybrid structures of Li3V2(PO4)3 @ biomorphic carbon is presented. The 3D hybrid structures built from 0D, 1D, and 2D composites are carbonized from biomorphic carbon, namely, “three‐in‐one.” The synergistic effects of the carbon with different dimensions provide high electronic conductivity and good structural stability. In addition, abundant porous channels in the structure accelerate transfer of the Li+. This unique cathode material reaches the capacity retention up to 96% (relative to 1 C) when the rate increased to 50 C. When combines with Li4Ti5O12 to form a full battery, it delivers a capacity of 174 mAh g−1 at room temperature and retains 150 mAh g−1 when the temperature decreases to −40 °C. The excellent properties are attributed to the high electronic conductivity, fast ion transport channels, large electrode–electrolyte contact area, and robust structure stability of the 3D hybrid architecture. This work provides a new strategy for constructing 3D framework electrode materials for LIBs.
Ultrahigh Electrocatalytic Conversion of Methane at Room Temperature
Authors: Ma Ming , Jin Bing Jun , Li Ping , Jung Myung Sun , Kim Jin Il , Cho Yoonjun , Kim Sungsoon , Moon Jun Hyuk , Park Jong Hyeok 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDue to the greenhouse effect, enormous efforts are done for carbon dioxide reduction. By contrast, more attention should be paid for the methane oxidation and conversion, which can help the effective utilization of methane without emission. However, methane conversion and utilization under ambient conditions remains a challenge. Here, this study designs a Co3O4/ZrO2 nanocomposite for the electrochemical oxidation of methane gas using a carbonate electrolyte at room temperature. Co3O4 activated the highly efficient oxidation of methane under mild electric energy with the help of carbonate as an oxidant, which is delivered by ZrO2. Based on the experimental results, acetaldehyde is the key intermediate product. Subsequent nucleophilic addition and free radical addition reactions accounted for the generation of 2‐propanol and 1‐propanol, respectively. Surprisingly, this work achieves a production efficiency of over 60% in the conversion of methane to produce these long‐term stable products. The as‐proposed regional electrochemical methane oxidation provides a new pathway for the synthesis of higher alcohols with high production efficiencies under ambient conditions.
Highly Durable Platinum Single‐Atom Alloy Catalyst for Electrochemical Reactions
Authors: Kim Jiwhan , Roh Chi‐Woo , Sahoo Suman Kalyan , Yang Sungeun , Bae Junemin , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Hyunjoo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSingle atomic Pt catalyst can offer efficient utilization of the expensive platinum and provide unique selectivity because it lacks ensemble sites. However, designing such a catalyst with high Pt loading and good durability is very challenging. Here, single atomic Pt catalyst supported on antimony‐doped tin oxide (Pt1/ATO) is synthesized by conventional incipient wetness impregnation, with up to 8 wt% Pt. The single atomic Pt structure is confirmed by high‐angle annular dark field scanning tunneling electron microscopy images and extended X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis results. Density functional theory calculations show that replacing Sb sites with Pt atoms in the bulk phase or at the surface of SbSn or ATO is energetically favorable. The Pt1/ATO shows superior activity and durability for formic acid oxidation reaction, compared to a commercial Pt/C catalyst. The single atomic Pt structure is retained even after a harsh durability test, which is performed by repeating cyclic voltammetry in the range of 0.05–1.4 V for 1800 cycles. A full cell is fabricated for direct formic acid fuel cell using the Pt1/ATO as an anode catalyst, and an order of magnitude higher cell power is obtained compared to the Pt/C.
Strukturierte kolloidale photonische Kristalle
Authors: Hou Jue , Li Mingzhu , Song Yanlin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractKolloidale photonische Kristalle (PCs) sind einfach herzustellen, kostengünstig und vielfältig im Hinblick auf Modifizierung und Funktionalisierung. Strukturierte kolloidale PCs bieten einen neuen Ansatz für die Entwicklung von leistungsstarken PC‐Vorrichtungen mit besonderen Strukturen und spezifischen Funktionen. In diesem Kurzaufsatz wird ein Überblick über die Methoden zur Herstellung von strukturierten kolloidalen PCs gegeben – Anordnung mithilfe von strukturierten Substraten, Tintenstrahldruck sowie selektive Immobilisierung und Modifizierung. Außerdem werden die Vorteile von Vorrichtungen mit strukturierten PCs im Einzelnen behandelt, beispielsweise für die Sensorik, mikrofluidische Kanäle, Nachweisverfahren, Displays und als Elemente zur Fälschungssicherung.
Anion–π Catalysis of Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Liu Le , Cotelle Yoann , Bornhof Anna‐Bea , Besnard Céline , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAmong concerted cycloadditions, the Diels–Alder reaction is the grand old classic, which is usually achieved with acid catalysis. In this report, hydroxypyrones, oxa‐, and thiazolones are explored because they provide access to anionic dienes. Their [4+2] cycloaddition with cyclic and acyclic dienophiles, such as maleimides and fumarates, affords bicyclic products with four new stereogenic centers. Bifunctional anion–π catalysts composed of amine bases next to the π surface of naphthalenediimides (NDIs) are shown to selectively stabilize the “open”, fully accessible anionic exo transition state on the π‐acidic aromatic surface. Our results also include reactivities that are hard to access with conventional organocatalysts, such as the exo‐specific and highly enantioselective Diels–Alder reaction of thiazolones and maleimides with complete suppression of the otherwise dominant Michael addition. With increasing π acidity of the anion–π catalysts, the rates, chemo‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselectivities increase consistently.
Direct Observation of Hemithioindigo‐Motor Unidirectionality
Authors: Huber Ludwig Alexander , Hoffmann Kerstin , Thumser Stefan , Böcher Niklas , Mayer Peter , Dube Henry 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHemithioindigo molecular motors undergo very fast unidirectional rotation upon irradiation with visible light, which has prevented a complete analysis of their working mechanism. In this work, we have considerably slowed down their motion by using a new synthesis for sterically hindered motor derivatives. This method allowed the first observation of all four intermediate states populated during rotation. The exact order in which each isomeric state is formed under irradiation conditions was elucidated using low temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy in conjunction with other analytical methods. At the same time, complete unidirectionality could also be directly shown. Access to slowly rotating hemithioindigo motors opens up a plethora of new applications for visible‐light‐induced unidirectional motions, especially in areas such as catalysis, smart materials, and supramolecular chemistry.
Evidence of Organic Luminescent Centers in Sol–Gel‐Synthesized Yttrium Aluminum Borate Matrix Leading to Bright Visible Emission
Authors: Burner Pauline , Sontakke Atul D. , Salaün Mathieu , Bardet Michel , Mouesca Jean‐Marie , Gambarelli Serge , Barra Anne‐Laure , Ferrier Alban , Viana Bruno , Ibanez Alain , Maurel Vincent , Gautier‐Luneau Isabelle 
Published: September 2017

AbstractYttrium aluminum borate (YAB) powders prepared by sol–gel process have been investigated to understand their photoluminescence (PL) mechanism. The amorphous YAB powders exhibit bright visible PL from blue emission for powders calcined at 450 °C to broad white PL for higher calcination temperature. Thanks to 13C labelling, NMR and EPR studies show that propionic acid initially used to solubilize the yttrium nitrate is decomposed into aromatic molecules confined within the inorganic matrix. DTA‐TG‐MS analyses show around 2 wt % of carbogenic species. The PL broadening corresponds to the apparition of a new band at 550 nm, associated with the formation of aromatic species. Furthermore, pulsed ENDOR spectroscopy combined with DFT calculations enables us to ascribe EPR spectra to free radicals derived from small (2 to 3 rings) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). PAH molecules are thus at the origin of the PL as corroborated by slow afterglow decay and thermoluminescence experiments.
Electron‐Transfer and Hydride‐Transfer Pathways in the Stoltz–Grubbs Reducing System (KOtBu/Et3SiH)
Authors: Smith Andrew J. , Young Allan , Rohrbach Simon , O'Connor Erin F. , Allison Mark , Wang Hong‐Shuang , Poole Darren L. , Tuttle Tell , Murphy John A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRecent studies by Stoltz, Grubbs et al. have shown that triethylsilane and potassium tert‐butoxide react to form a highly attractive and versatile system that shows (reversible) silylation of arenes and heteroarenes as well as reductive cleavage of C−O bonds in aryl ethers and C−S bonds in aryl thioethers. Their extensive mechanistic studies indicate a complex network of reactions with a number of possible intermediates and mechanisms, but their reactions likely feature silyl radicals undergoing addition reactions and SH2 reactions. This paper focuses on the same system, but through computational and experimental studies, reports complementary facets of its chemistry based on a) single‐electron transfer (SET), and b) hydride delivery reactions to arenes.
Cancer‐Targeted Selenium Nanoparticles Sensitize Cancer Cells to Continuous γ Radiation to Achieve Synergetic Chemo‐Radiotherapy
Authors: Chan Leung , He Lizhen , Zhou Binwei , Guan Shouhai , Bo Mingjun , Yang Yahui , Liu Ying , Liu Xiao , Zhang Yanyang , Xie Qiang , Chen Tianfeng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCancer radiotherapy with 125I seeds demonstrates higher long‐term efficacy and fewer side effects than traditional X‐ray radiotherapy owing to its low‐dose and continuous radiation but is still limited by radioresistance in clinical applications. Therefore, the design and synthesis of sensitizers that could enhance the sensitivity of cancer cells to 125I seeds is of great importance for future radiotherapy. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) have been found to exhibit high potential in cancer chemotherapy and as drug carriers. In this study, we found that, based on the Auger‐electron effect and Compton effect of Se atoms, cancer‐targeted SeNPs in combination with 125I seeds achieve synergetic effects to inhibit cancer‐cell growth and colony formation through the induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Detailed studies on the action mechanisms reveal that the combined treatments effectively activate intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction to regulate p53‐mediated DNA damage apoptotic signaling pathways and mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation and to prevent the self‐repair of cancer cells simultaneously. Taken together, the combination of SeNPs with 125I seeds could be further exploited as a safe and effective strategy for next‐generation cancer chemo‐radiotherapy in clinical applications.
Olive‐derived biomass as a source of energy and chemicals
Authors: Ruiz Encarnación , Romero‐García Juan Miguel , Romero Inmaculada , Manzanares Paloma , Negro María José , Castro Eulogio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOlive trees are cultivated in more than 40 countries worldwide over more than 10 million hectares. In addition to olive oil, a large amount of biomass is produced annually. All this biomass must be adequately handled and disposed of. Conventional disposal methods include direct burning or spreading in fields, but this has economical costs and environmental concerns, as well as wasting a source of energy and chemicals. This review summarizes the most recent proposals for the use of biomass derived from olive tree cultivation and olive oil production processes. Biomass produced from pruning, leaves, olive stones and pomace, extracted olive pomace, and olive waste water are considered, and the main options for processing are reviewed according to recent advances in the literature. The biorefinery concept applied to olive‐derived biomass is also presented and representative works are discussed. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Synthetic Modular Antibody Construction by Using the SpyTag/SpyCatcher Protein‐Ligase System
Authors: Alam Md Kausar , Gonzalez Carolina , Hill Wayne , El‐Sayed Ayman , Fonge Humphrey , Barreto Kris , Geyer C. Ronald 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEfforts to engineer recombinant antibodies for specific diagnostic and therapy applications are time consuming and expensive, as each new recombinant antibody needs to be optimized for expression, stability, bio‐distribution, and pharmacokinetics. We have developed a new way to construct recombinant antibody‐like “devices” by using a bottom‐up approach to build them from well‐behaved discrete recombinant antibody domains or “parts”. Studies on antibody structure and function have identified antibody constant and variable domains with specific functions that can be expressed in isolation. We used the SpyTag/SpyCatcher protein ligase to join these parts together, thereby creating devices with desired properties based on summed properties of parts and in configurations that cannot be obtained by using genetic engineering. This strategy will create optimized recombinant antibody devices at reduced costs and with shortened development times.
Patient preferences prompt a peek at priorities
Authors: Blankenship James C. 
Published: September 2017

Key Points

Patients rate the downsides of bare metal stents (higher restenosis rates) as being of similar magnitude to the downsides of drug eluting stents (longer dual anti‐platelet therapy).
Patient preferences regarding choice of bare metal versus drug eluting stents should be elicited before coronary stenting.
This article does not study actual patient preferences for stent type. Future studies should assess how personalized discussions of trade‐offs of stent types affect patient preferences.
CO2 angiography: Colorless, odorless, but definitely not useless!
Authors: Safian Robert D. 
Published: September 2017

Key Points

Contemporary approaches to minimize the risk of acute kidney injury from radiographic contrast (AKI‐RC) rely on preferential use of low‐ or non‐ionic contrast; pre‐hydration; and limiting contrast volume.
This study utilized a meta‐analysis of 677 patients to compare the risk of AKI‐RC after CO2 peripheral angiography versus iodinated contrast (4.3% vs. 11.1%, odds ratio [OR] 0.465, P = 0.048). There was no difference in AKI‐RC in patients with CKD.
This study has many limitations. CO2 angiography is an important technique; proper understanding of its strengths and limitations is essential.
N‐Phosphine Oxide‐Substituted Imidazolylidenes (PoxIms): Multifunctional Multipurpose Carbenes
Authors: Hazra Sunit , Hoshimoto Yoichi , Ogoshi Sensuke 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis article discusses the concept of N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) equipped with more than one functional moiety, which allows using these NHCs for multiple purposes. A pioneering example for such NHCs is N‐phosphine oxide‐substituted imidazolylidenes (PoxIms), and their synthesis and strategic use are highlighted. The utility of PoxIms by far exceeds the conventional use as multidentate ligands for metal complexes on account of the synergetic functions of the carbene and the N‐phosphine oxide group(s).
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane (POSS) Bearing Glyoxylic Aldehyde as Clickable Platform Towards Multivalent Conjugates
Authors: Kanfar Nasreddine , Mehdi Ahmad , Dumy Pascal , Ulrich Sébastien , Winum Jean‐Yves 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe straightforward access to octafunctional “cubic” silsesquioxane platform grafter with pendant glyoxylic aldehydes is described. This clickable hybrid platform readily reacts with oxyamine or hydrazide compounds to provide, respectively, oxime and acylhydrazone conjugates, thereby offering a new and effective access from which one can elaborate multivalent systems for the targeting of biomolecules of interest.