bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An old dog with new tricks: Schiff bases for liquid crystals materials based on isoxazolines and isoxazoles.
Authors: Fritsch Luma , Merlo Aloir A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSchiff bases are in action again showing an exuberant mesophase range despite their chemical and thermal weakness. Two series of Schiff bases (SB), based on isoxazolines 9 a–f and isoxazoles 10 a–f, are described. 9 a–f were synthesized by a [3+2] cycloaddition 1,3‐dipolar of arylnitrile oxide from p‐nitrobenzaldehyde (1) and alkenes. And, subsequently oxidized to 10 a–f by MnO2. The isoxazolines and isoxazoles thus obtained were reduced to aniline derivatives and condensed with appropriated arylaldehydes. The SBs series isoxazolines 9 a–f presented a narrow mesophase range, while SBs series isoxazoles 10 a–f showed a large mesophase range. Nematic mesophase was observed for SBs with short and non‐polar groups, while SmA and SmC mesophase for SBs with long and more polar terminal groups. The stability of the SBs is also dependent on the clearing temperature. For 10 a–f with high clearing temperature, decomposition induced by heat was observed during the first cycle of heating and in solutions of CDCl3. Series 9 a–f was more resistant to the thermal decomposition.
Synthesis of Mannose‐Cholesterol Conjugates for Targeted Liposomal Drug Delivery
Authors: Nguyen Huong , Katavic Peter , Bashah Nur Atikah Halim , Ferro Vito 
Published: January 2016

AbstractSeveral novel, mannose‐cholesterol conjugates for use in targeted liposomal drug delivery were synthesized via a modular strategy utilizing the Cu(I)‐catalysed Huisgen azide‐alkyne cycloaddition (“Click”) reaction. The conjugates, which were fully characterized, comprised either a single mannose unit or a trivalent mannose cluster joined to cholesterol via bifunctional PEG‐based linkers of different lengths. The neutral conjugates offer advantages over a previously reported cationic conjugate and the modular strategy employed can be readily adapted for the preparation of conjugates with alternative targeting groups.
Importance of tritium‐based transit times in hydrological systems
Authors: Stewart Michael K. , Morgenstern Uwe 
Published: January 2016

Disappearance of bomb tritium from the atmospheres of both hemispheres in recent years means that tritium is becoming more effective for determining transit times in hydrological systems. In particular, increasing use of tritium is being made to determine transit times of water through catchments from rainfall to rivers in order to derive vital information for the protection and management of river systems. Tritium reveals the transit times of the older water in streamflow, transit times which are too long to be seen by stable isotope or major chemical variation methods (this has been characterized as ‘hidden streamflow’). Documenting these longer timescales is vital for understanding the flow and water quality responses of rivers to changes in land use, diffuse or point‐source chemical pollution, ecological degradation, and climate change, responses which have proven to be considerably longer than previously expected. Including the longer timescales in the models allows more realistic approaches to management of catchments and emphasizes interdisciplinary differences between surface water and groundwater hydrologists’ views of river basins. Contrasting research agendas are proposed for effective use of tritium in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres based on their different tritium input histories since the advent of nuclear testing in the atmosphere. WIREs Water 2016, 3:145–154. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1134This article is categorized under:

Science of Water > Hydrological Processes
Science of Water > Water Quality
Securitization in Chinese climate and energy politics
Authors: Nyman Jonna , Zeng Jinghan 
Published: January 2016

This article provides an overview of securitization in Chinese climate and energy debates. Scholars have debated the merits as well as the potentially problematic implications of securitization, or framing issues as ‘security,’ since the early 1990s. Early concern focused on the potential problems with linking environmental issues with ‘security,’ and the debate has since also turned specifically to the climate and energy. However, it is only recently that this debate has begun to pay attention to China. Energy and climate concerns are of increasing importance to China: the sheer scale of its energy consumption and air pollution struggles dwarf the challenges seen by other states, and its policy choices play a key role in shaping global climate and energy dynamics. Thus, while securitization in the Chinese context is rarely studied, how China frames its energy and climate policy matters. Both energy and climate are taken increasingly seriously, and security plays an increasing role in debates. This review surveys the increasing popularity of linking security with climate and energy issues both in the academic debate on China and in official discourse, and some of the potential implications. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:301–313. doi: 10.1002/wcc.387This article is categorized under:

Policy and Governance > National Climate Change Policy
Contribution of bulk energy storage to integrating variable renewable energies in future European electricity systems
Authors: Zach Karl Anton , Auer Hans 
Published: January 2016

Remarkably higher expected shares of variable renewable energy sources for electricity generation (RES‐Electricity) than those available today will be a great challenge for the European power system. Bulk electricity storage technologies—that is, pumped hydro energy storage—are considered a key component while facing these future challenges. The conducted analysis is based on the modeling results of the Blue storyline of the
SUSPLAN
project that is characterized by a high growth of RES‐Electricity deployment. The RES‐Electricity deployment results on a country level for the years 2030 and 2050, the age structure of the existing thermal power plant portfolio, and hourly values of electricity demand and RES‐Electricity generation are taken as input for a linear optimization algorithm, which is implemented to analyse the importance of bulk electricity storage technologies for integrating large amounts of variable RES‐Electricity in European regions. Two regions are analysed in detail: Central Western Europe and the Iberian Peninsula. The results show that due to the age‐related phase out of thermal power plants in the future, additional new power plant capacities will be needed in many European regions by the year 2030. Only some European regions also have sufficient flexible generation capacity available to cover the residual load in the long term. Furthermore, RES‐Electricity feed‐in will exceed electricity demand for some time during the year 2050 in several regions. The Iberian Peninsula shows especially high RES‐Electricity feed‐in exceeding electricity demand about half the time during the year 2050. This surplus RES‐Electricity generation can be used for bulk electricity storage and/or for exports to neighboring European regions. WIREs Energy Environ 2016, 5:451–469. doi: 10.1002/wene.195This article is categorized under:

Energy Infrastructure > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy Systems Economics > Systems and Infrastructure
Energy and Development > Systems and Infrastructure
Biodiversity of autolytic ability in flocculent Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains suitable for traditional sparkling wine fermentation
Authors: Perpetuini Giorgia , Di Gianvito Paola , Arfelli Giuseppe , Schirone Maria , Corsetti Aldo , Tofalo Rosanna , Suzzi Giovanna 
Published: January 2016

AbstractYeasts involved in secondary fermentation of traditional sparkling wines should show specific characteristics, such as flocculation capacity and autolysis. Recently it has been postulated that autophagy may contribute to the outcome of autolysis. In this study, 28 flocculent wine Saccahromyces cerevisiae strains characterized by different flocculation degrees were studied for their autolytic and autophagic activities. Autolysis was monitored in synthetic medium through the determination of amino acid nitrogen and total proteins released. At the same time, novel primer sets were developed to determine the expression of the genes ATG1, ATG17 and ATG29. Twelve strains were selected on the basis of their autolytic rate and ATG gene expressions in synthetic medium and were inoculated in a base wine. After 30, 60 and 180 days the autolytic process and ATG gene expressions were evaluated. The obtained data showed that autolysis and ATG gene expressions differed among strains and were independent of the degree of flocculation. This biodiversity could be exploited to select new starter stains to improve sparkling wine production. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Donor‐unsupported Phosphanylmethanides Li[CH2PR2] (R = tBu, Ph) – Crystal Structure of Li[CH2PtBu2] Solved by XRPD and DFT‐D Calculations
Authors: Fink Lothar , Samigullin Kamil , Bodach Alexander , Alig Edith , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe solvent‐free methyllithium derivatives Li[CH2PR2] (R = tBu, Ph) were prepared via the reaction of CH3PR2 with Li[tBu]. It should be noted that the deprotonation of CH3PtBu2 with Li[tBu] occurred at 60 °C, whereas Li[CH2PPh2] was already formed from CH3PPh2 with Li[tBu] at ambient temperature. The structure determination of di‐tert‐butylphosphanylmethyllithium was performed by high resolution X‐ray powder diffraction analysis at different temperatures. This led to two possible structure solutions with similar quality criteria (space groups Iba2 and I2/a). Therefore CASTEP DFT‐D calculations were applied to verify the correct crystal structure. The solid‐state structure of di‐tert‐butylphosphanylmethyllithium consists of alternating edge‐sharing six‐ and four‐membered rings, which form a polymeric, infinite double‐chain along the crystallographic c axis in the monoclinic space group I2/a. Two Li[CH2PtBu2] units connected via an inversion center form a six‐membered Li2C2P2 ring in the chair conformation. The nearly flat four‐membered Li2C2 ring, is oriented perpendicularly to the twofold axis.
Reported provision of analgesia to patients with acute abdominal pain in Canadian paediatric emergency departments
Authors: Poonai Naveen , Cowie Allyson , Davidson Chloe , Benidir Andréanne , Thompson Graham C. , Boisclair Philippe , Harman Stuart , Miller Michael , Butter Andreana , Lim Rod , Ali Samina 
Published: January 2016

AbstractObjectivesEvidence exists that analgesics are underutilized, delayed, and insufficiently dosed for emergency department (ED) patients with acute abdominal pain. For physicians practicing in a Canadian paediatric ED setting, we (1) explored theoretical practice variation in the provision of analgesia to children with acute abdominal pain; (2) identified reasons for withholding analgesia; and (3) evaluated the relationship between providing analgesia and surgical consultation.MethodsPhysician members of Paediatric Emergency Research Canada (PERC) were prospectively surveyed and presented with three scenarios of undifferentiated acute abdominal pain to assess management. A modified Dillman’s Tailored Design method was used to distribute the survey from June to July 2014.ResultsOverall response rate was 74.5% (149/200); 51.7% of respondents were female and mean age was 44 (SD 8.4) years. The reported rates of providing analgesia for case scenarios representative of renal colic, appendicitis, and intussusception, were 100%, 92.1%, and 83.4%, respectively, while rates of providing intravenous opioids were 85.2%, 58.6%, and 12.4%, respectively. In all 60 responses where the respondent indicated they would obtain a surgical consultation, analgesia would be provided. In the 35 responses where analgesia would be withheld, 21 (60%) believed pain was not severe enough, while 5 (14.3%) indicated it would obscure a surgical condition.ConclusionsPediatric emergency physicians self-reported rates of providing analgesia for acute abdominal pain scenarios were higher than previously reported, and appeared unrelated to request for surgical consultation. However, an unwillingness to provide opioid analgesia, belief that analgesia can obscure a surgical condition, and failure to take self-reported pain at face value remain, suggesting that the need exists for further knowledge translation efforts.
Can stakeholders agree on how to reduce human–carnivore conflict on Namibian livestock farms? A novel Q-methodology and Delphi exercise
Authors: Rust Niki A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractConflict between carnivores and livestock farmers affects human livelihoods and predator populations. Historically, successful mitigation of this conflict has been limited, sometimes because of a lack of participation among stakeholders to create and implement agreeable and effective solutions. Finding common ground between stakeholders can, however, be difficult, partly because of the range and intensity of values held. Using a novel combination of Q-methodology and the Delphi technique, I investigated whether a diverse range of stakeholders could agree on how to mitigate conflict between carnivores and livestock farmers in Namibia. A strong consensus was reached on using conservation education and husbandry training to reduce livestock depredation. Two narratives emerged: one group preferred non-lethal methods to manage the conflict, whereas a smaller group preferred lethal measures. This new decision-making exercise has potential to be applied to other conservation conflicts to assist with participatory decision making.
Specific cognitive–neurophysiological processes predict impulsivity in the childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder combined subtype
Authors: Bluschke A. , Roessner V. , Beste C. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. Besides inattention and hyperactivity, impulsivity is the third core symptom leading to diverse and serious problems. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying impulsivity in ADHD are still not fully understood. This is all the more the case when patients with the ADHD combined subtype (ADHD-C) are considered who are characterized by both symptoms of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity.MethodCombining high-density electroencephalography (EEG) recordings with source localization analyses, we examined what information processing stages are dysfunctional in ADHD-C (n = 20) compared with controls (n = 18).ResultsPatients with ADHD-C made more impulsive errors in a Go/No-go task than healthy controls. Neurophysiologically, different subprocesses from perceptual gating to attentional selection, resource allocation and response selection processes are altered in this patient group. Perceptual gating, stimulus-driven attention selection and resource allocation processes were more pronounced in ADHD-C, are related to activation differences in parieto-occipital networks and suggest attentional filtering deficits. However, only response selection processes, associated with medial prefrontal networks, predicted impulsive errors in ADHD-C.ConclusionsAlthough the clinical picture of ADHD-C is complex and a multitude of processing steps are altered, only a subset of processes seems to directly modulate impulsive behaviour. The present findings improve the understanding of mechanisms underlying impulsivity in patients with ADHD-C and might help to refine treatment algorithms focusing on impulsivity.
‘That Cross's Children, Which Our Crosses Are’:Imitatio Christi, Imitatio Crucis
Authors: Carnes Natalie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractHow does one rightly name and discernimitatio Christi, imitatio crucis, and the relation between them? In one provocative attempt to answer this question, John Howard Yoder identifies Christ-imaging in vulnerable enemy love and rejects all other criteria. This essay reads the iconoclasm of Yoder's approach through poetry of the cross by William Mure and John Donne. It then proceeds to repair Yoder's Mure-like posture with Donne, as well as the writings of Margaret Ebner and Margery Kempe. These texts destabilise the dichotomies that sustain Yoder's iconoclasm and illustrate the inadequacy of a single criterion forimitatio Christi.Yet Kempe and Ebner's texts are also infected with violence such that they, too, need repair. Vulnerable enemy love thus returns as a negative condition for Christ-imaging, and Yoder's strong iconoclasm is moderated to a weaker iconoclasm that breaks images purporting to be Christ-like but are, in fact, violent.
Guiding CBT supervision: how well do manuals and guidelines fulfil their promise?
Authors: Milne Derek L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWritten guidance is part of a coherent support system for CBT supervisors, consistent with general developments in evidence-based practice. In theory, training manuals can help by specifying educational procedures and providing support materials so as to foster fidelity, expertise and effectiveness among supervisors. Supervision guidelines can help by offering supervisors the fruits of research and expert consensus. Together with related resources, such written guidance promises to empower professionals and to benefit patients. But progress with written guidance is very limited within clinical supervision, particularly in controlled research. In marked contrast, locally developed guidance appears to have been implemented successfully within pragmatic studies, a marked achievement when also contrasted with the general healthcare literature. Using eight criteria, the available supervision research is reviewed and conclusions drawn on developing written guidance so as to better fulfil its promise.
Social and novel contexts modify hippocampal CA2 representations of space
Authors: Alexander Georgia M. , Farris Shannon , Pirone Jason R. , Zheng Chenguang , Colgin Laura L. , Dudek Serena M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe hippocampus supports a cognitive map of space and is critical for encoding declarative memory (who, what, when and where). Recent studies have implicated hippocampal subfield CA2 in social and contextual memory but how it does so remains unknown. Here we find that in adult male rats, presentation of a social stimulus (novel or familiar rat) or a novel object induces global remapping of place fields in CA2 with no effect on neuronal firing rate or immediate early gene expression. This remapping did not occur in CA1, suggesting this effect is specific for CA2. Thus, modification of existing spatial representations might be a potential mechanism by which CA2 encodes social and novel contextual information.
Mapping multidimensional electronic structure and ultrafast dynamics with single-element detection and compressive sensing
Authors: Spencer Austin P. , Spokoyny Boris , Ray Supratim , Sarvari Fahad , Harel Elad 
Published: January 2016

AbstractCompressive sensing allows signals to be efficiently captured by exploiting their inherent sparsity. Here we implement sparse sampling to capture the electronic structure and ultrafast dynamics of molecular systems using phase-resolved 2D coherent spectroscopy. Until now, 2D spectroscopy has been hampered by its reliance on array detectors that operate in limited spectral regions. Combining spatial encoding of the nonlinear optical response and rapid signal modulation allows retrieval of state-resolved correlation maps in a photosynthetic protein and carbocyanine dye. We report complete Hadamard reconstruction of the signals and compression factors as high as 10, in good agreement with array-detected spectra. Single-point array reconstruction by spatial encoding (SPARSE) Spectroscopy reduces acquisition times by about an order of magnitude, with further speed improvements enabled by fast scanning of a digital micromirror device. We envision unprecedented applications for coherent spectroscopy using frequency combs and super-continua in diverse spectral regions.
Persistent order due to transiently enhanced nesting in an electronically excited charge density wave
Authors: Rettig L. , Cortés R. , Chu J.-H. , Fisher I. R. , Schmitt F. , Moore R. G. , Shen Z.-X. , Kirchmann P. S. , Wolf M. , Bovensiepen U. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNon-equilibrium conditions may lead to novel properties of materials with broken symmetry ground states not accessible in equilibrium as vividly demonstrated by non-linearly driven mid-infrared active phonon excitation. Potential energy surfaces of electronically excited states also allow to direct nuclear motion, but relaxation of the excess energy typically excites fluctuations leading to a reduced or even vanishing order parameter as characterized by an electronic energy gap. Here, using femtosecond time- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, we demonstrate a tendency towards transient stabilization of a charge density wave after near-infrared excitation, counteracting the suppression of order in the non-equilibrium state. Analysis of the dynamic electronic structure reveals a remaining energy gap in a highly excited transient state. Our observation can be explained by a competition between fluctuations in the electronically excited state, which tend to reduce order, and transiently enhanced Fermi surface nesting stabilizing the order.
Understanding of multimetallic cluster growth
Authors: Mitzinger Stefan , Broeckaert Lies , Massa Werner , Weigend Florian , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe elucidation of formation mechanisms is mandatory for understanding and planning of synthetic routes. For (bio-)organic and organometallic compounds, this has long been realized even for very complicated molecules, whereas the formation of ligand-free inorganic molecules has widely remained a black box to date. This is due to poor structural relationships between reactants and products and the lack of structurally related intermediates—due to the comparably high coordination flexibility of involved atoms. Here we report on investigations of the stepwise formation of multimetallic clusters, based on a series of crystal structures and complementary quantum-chemical studies of (Ge2As2)2−, (Ge7As2)2−, [Ta@Ge6As4]3−, [Ta@Ge8As4]3−and [Ta@Ge8As6]3−. The study makes use of efficient quantum-chemical tools, enabling the first detailed screening of the energy hypersurface along the formation of ligand-free inorganic species for a semi-quantitative picture. The results can be generalized for an entire family of multimetallic clusters.
A novel oncogenic BTK isoform is overexpressed in colon cancers and required for RAS-mediated transformation
Authors: Grassilli E , Pisano F , Cialdella A , Bonomo S , Missaglia C , Cerrito M G , Masiero L , Ianzano L , Giordano F , Cicirelli V , Narloch R , D’Amato F , Noli B , Ferri G L , Leone B E , Stanta G , Bonin S , Helin K , Giovannoni R , Lavitrano M 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is essential for B-cell proliferation/differentiation and it is generally believed that its expression and function are limited to bone marrow-derived cells. Here, we report the identification and characterization of p65BTK, a novel isoform abundantly expressed in colon carcinoma cell lines and tumour tissue samples. p65BTK protein is expressed, through heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNPK)-dependent and internal ribosome entry site-driven translation, from a transcript containing an alternative first exon in the 5′-untranslated region, and is post-transcriptionally regulated, via hnRNPK, by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. p65BTK is endowed with strong transforming activity that depends on active signal-regulated protein kinases-1/2 (ERK1/2) and its inhibition abolishes RAS transforming activity. Accordingly, p65BTK overexpression in colon cancer tissues correlates with ERK1/2 activation. Moreover, p65BTK inhibition affects growth and survival of colon cancer cells. Our data reveal that BTK, via p65BTK expression, is a novel and powerful oncogene acting downstream of the RAS/MAPK pathway and suggest that its targeting may be a promising therapeutic approach.