bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human capital development in the Nigerian hospitality industry
Authors: Olusegun Adedipe Christopher , Olusola Adeleke Bola 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
This study aims to investigate the structure of human capital development (HCD) in the Nigerian hospitality industry against a backdrop of a turbulent but growing economy.

Design/methodology/approach
Through an in-depth review of the literature and content analysis, the study reviews the major challenges facing the Nigerian hospitality industry.

Findings
The findings show that to develop and improve human capital in the hospitality industry in Nigeria, the input of the private sector, government and other stakeholders is required.

Research limitations/implications
The findings are mainly descriptive. Further research could be enhanced by the inclusion of empirical data.

Originality/value
A comparative review of the HCD strategies and plans of Nigeria’s peers in the African continent presents a different perspective for identifying the gaps in Nigeria’s policies for hospitality industry.
Evaluation of VITEK matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of anaerobes
Authors: Xiao Zheng , Luo Yanping , Ye Liyan , Wang Rui , Zhang Ying , Zhao Qiang , Guo Ling , Ma Yanning , Cui Shenghui 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTRapid and adequate identification of anaerobic bacterial species still presents a challenge for most diagnostic laboratories, hindering the selection of appropriate therapy. In this study, the identification capacity of 16S rRNA sequence analysis, VITEK 2 (BioMérieux, Lyon, France) compact analysis and VITEK MS‐mediated identification for anaerobic bacterial species was compared. Eighty‐five anaerobic bacterial isolates from 11 provinces in China belonging to 14 genera were identified by these three methods. Differences in identification between these three methods were compared. Consistent identification results were obtained for 54 (54/85, 63.5%) isolates by all three methods, the most discordant results being concentrated in Clostridium XI (n = 8) and Bacteroides fragilis (n = 9) clusters. Using the VITEK MS system, 74 (74/90, 82.2%) isolates were identified as single species consistent with 16S rRNA sequence analysis, which was significantly better than the results obtained with VITEK 2 Compact (P < 0.01). Misidentifications by the Vitek 2 Compact and Vitek MS systems were mainly observed in the Clostridium XI (n = 8)and B. fragilis clusters (n = 9). VITEK MS identified anaerobic bacteria even after they had been exposed to oxygen for a week. Identification by the Vitek MS system was more consistent with 16S rRNA sequence analysis than identification by Vitek 2 Compact. Continuous expansion of the VITEK MS database with rare described anaerobic species is warranted to improve both the efficiency and accuracy of VITEK MS identification in routine diagnostic microbiology.
A bird's eye view of a deleterious recessive allele
Authors: Ekblom Robert 
Published: June 2016

In the endangered Scottish chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) population, a lethal blindness syndrome is found to be caused by a deleterious recessive allele. Photo: Gordon Yates.In Focus: Trask, A.E., Bignal, E.M., McCracken, D.I., Monaghan, P., Piertney, S.B. & Reid, J.M. (2016) Evidence of the phenotypic expression of a lethal recessive allele under inbreeding in a wild population of conservation concern. Journal of Animal Ecology, 85, 879–891.In this issue of Journal of Animal Ecology, Trask et al. (2016) report on a strange, lethal, blindness that regularly affects chicks of an endangered bird population. The authors show that the inheritance mode of this blindness disease precisely matches the expectations of a recessive deleterious mutation. Intriguingly, there is also an indication that the disease‐causing variant might be maintained in the population by balancing selection, due to a selective advantage for heterozygotes. Could this finding have consequences for conservation actions implemented for the population?
Trends in Approval Times for Genetically Engineered Crops in the United States and the European Union
Authors: Smart Richard D. , Blum Matthias , Wesseler Justus 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGenetically engineered (GE) crops are subject to regulatory oversight to ensure their safety for humans and the environment. Their approval in the European Union (EU) starts with an application in a given Member State followed by a scientific risk assessment, and ends with a political decision‐making step (risk management). In the United States (US) approval begins with a scientific (field trial) step and ends with a ‘bureaucratic’ decision‐making step. We investigate trends for the time taken for these steps and the overall time taken for approving GE crops in the US and the EU. Our results show that from 1996–2015 the overall time trend for approval in the EU decreased and then flattened off, with an overall mean completion‐time of 1,763 days. In the US in 1998 there was a break in the trend of the overall approval time. Initially, from 1988 until 1997 the trend decreased with a mean approval time of 1,321 days; from 1998–2015, the trend almost stagnated with a mean approval time of 2,467 days.
Lung cancer radiation therapy in Australia and New Zealand: Patterns of practice
Authors: Islam Syed Muntasser , Vinod Shalini K , Lehman Margot , Siva Shankar , Kron Tomas , Dwyer Patrick M , Holloway Lois , Lao Louis , Yap Mei Ling , Ruben Jeremy D 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe RANZCR Faculty of Radiation Oncology Lung Interest Cooperative (FROLIC) surveyed patterns of lung cancer radiation therapy practice for non−small cell (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to evaluate current patterns of care and potential for improvement.MethodsIn October 2014, Radiation Oncologists (ROs) from all 62 departments in Australia and New Zealand were invited to a web‐based survey directed at those treating lung cancer. Questions covered current radiation therapy practice as well as quality measures.ResultsFifty‐eight per cent of respondents used 4D‐CT simulation. For curative treatment, 98% employed 3D‐CRT and 34% intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) techniques. Treatment verification was primarily performed using cone‐beam CT (86%). In NSCLC, the commonest curative dose‐fractionation regime was 60 Gy/30# (96%) and for palliative intent, 30 Gy/10# (76%). Forty‐four per cent treated patients with stereotactic ablative body radiotherapy (SABR) and half treated central tumours with this technique. In fit patients with synchronous solitary brain metastases, 80% would give radical treatment. For curative‐intent SCLC, 45–50.4 Gy/25–28# (61%) and 45 Gy/30#/1.5 Gy b.d. (48%) were used. Ninety‐four per cent discussed lung cancer patients at multidisciplinary meetings. Contours were peer‐reviewed by 74% and 50% for conventional fractionation and SABR respectively.ConclusionA significant proportion of ROs did not have access to 4D‐CT. The majority used 3D image verification and consistently prescribed evidence based doses. A significant number did not participate in peer‐review of contours. Practice in IMRT and synchronous oligo‐metastatic disease is variable and should be an area of future research. Utilising survey findings, FROLIC is developing consensus recommendations to guide practice.
Cross Mapping Between the Priority Nursing Care for Stroke Patients Treated With Thrombolytic Therapy and the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC)
Authors: Nonnenmacher Carine Lais , Ávila Christiane Wahast , Mantovani Vanessa Monteiro , de Oliveira Vargas Mara Ambrosina , Echer Isabel Cristina , de Fátima Lucena Amália 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVETo verify the correspondence between the priority nursing care for
stroke patients treated with thrombolytic therapy and the Nursing Interventions
Classification (NIC).METHODSA cross‐mapping study with a semi‐structured interview was conducted with 11 expert nurses who described priority nursing care in clinical practice, and mapped it to the NIC.RESULTSEleven nursing care priorities cited by the nurses were mapped to eight NICs, including Thrombolytic Therapy Management (4270).CONCLUSIONSThere was correspondence between all priority nursing care interventions for stroke patients treated with thrombolytic therapy and the NIC.IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICEThe nursing care cited by the nurses was corroborated by the NIC, providing evidence for the clinical practice.
OBJETIVOVerificar a correspondência entre os cuidados de enfermagem prioritários a pacientes com acidente vascular encefálico tratados com terapia trombolítica e a Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem (NIC).MÉTODOSEstudo de mapeamento cruzado com uma entrevista semi‐estruturada aplicada a 11 enfermeiros especialistas que descreveram os cuidados de enfermagem prioritários na prática clínica, e mapeados para a NIC.RESULTADOSOnze cuidados de enfermagem prioritários foram citados pelos enfermeiros e mapeados em oito intervenções de enfermagem NIC, incluindo a Thrombolytic Therapy Management (4270).CONCLUSÕESHouve correspondência entre todos os cuidados de enfermagem prioritários para pacientes com acidente vascular encefálico tratados com a terapia trombolítica e as intervençães de enfermagem NIC.IMPLICAÇÕES PARA A PRÁTICA DE ENFERMAGEMOs cuidados de enfermagem citados pelos enfermeiros foram corroborados pela NIC, produzindo evidências para a prática clínica.
Long‐term outcomes of lung transplant recipients with hepatitis C infection: a retrospective study of the U.S. transplant registry
Authors: Koenig A. , Stepanova M. , Saab S. , Ahmed A. , Wong R. , Younossi Z. M. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackgroundChronic hepatitis C patients in need of a lung transplant are often considered ineligible due to their infection.AimTo assess the association of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with long‐term outcomes of lung transplants.MethodsFrom the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (1995–2011), we selected all adults with and without HCV infection who underwent lung transplantation.ResultsA total of 17 762 lung transplant recipients were included (55.5% bilateral). Of those, 319 (1.83%) had positive HCV serology. The HCV‐positive recipients were 1.6 years younger, less Caucasian and more African‐American, and had a significantly higher rate of co‐infection with hepatitis B virus (all P < 0.001). Post‐transplant patients were discharged alive at similar rates regardless of HCV status: 88.4% in HCV+ vs. 90.3% in HCV− (P = 0.25). The mortality rates were also similar at 1 and 2 years after transplantation (20.7% in HCV+ vs. 19.2% in HCV− and 31.6% in HCV+ vs. 28.9% in HCV−, respectively; both P > 0.05), but at post‐transplant year 3 year, mortality rate in HCV+ became significantly higher (42.5% vs. 36.4%, P = 0.04) and remained higher for the duration of the follow‐up (mean 9.1 years, max 18.4 years). In multivariate survival analysis, after adjustment for confounders, being HCV+ was associated with higher mortality: adjusted hazard ratio 1.24 (1.04–1.46), P = 0.01. No association of HCV infection with time to graft loss was found (P = 0.92).ConclusionsChronic HCV infection is associated with a moderate increase in post‐lung transplant mortality. Treatment of HCV in lung transplant recipients may, therefore, result in improvement of post‐transplant outcomes.
Do patients with intake of drugs labelled as sleep disturbing really sleep worse? A population based assessment from the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study
Authors: Lehnich Anna‐Therese , Kowall Bernd , Kuß Oliver , Schmidt‐Pokrzywniak Andrea , Weinreich Gerhard , Dragano Nico , Moebus Susanne , Erbel Raimund , Jöckel Karl‐Heinz , Stang Andreas 
Published: June 2016

AimThe sleep disturbing effect of many drugs is derived from clinical trials with highly selected patient collectives. However, the generalizability of such findings to the general population is questionable. Our aim was to assess the association between intake of drugs labelled as sleep disturbing and self‐reported nocturnal sleep disturbances in a population‐based study.MethodsWe used data of 4221 participants (50.0% male) aged 45 to 75 years from the baseline examination of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study in Germany. The interview provided information on difficulties falling asleep, difficulties maintaining sleep and early morning arousal. We used the summary of product characteristics (SPC) for each drug taken and assigned the probability of sleep disturbances. Thereafter, we calculated cumulative probabilities of sleep disturbances per subject to account for polypharmacy. We estimated prevalence ratios (PR) using log Poisson regression models with robust variance.ResultsThe adjusted PRs of any regular nocturnal sleep disorder per additional sleep disturbing drug were 1.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.97, 1.06) and 1.03 (95% CI 1.00, 1.07) for men and women, respectively. Estimates for each regular nocturnal sleep disturbance were similarly close to 1. PRs for regular nocturnal sleep disturbances did not increase with rising cumulative probability for drug‐related sleep disturbances.ConclusionsSPC‐based probabilities of drug‐related sleep disturbances showed barely any association with self‐reported regular nocturnal sleep disturbances. We conclude that SPC‐based probability information may lack generalizability to the general population or may be of limited data quality.
Geraniol Induces Antinociceptive Effect in Mice Evaluated in Behavioural and Electrophysiological Models
Authors: La Rocca Viviana , da Fonsêca Diogo Vilar , Silva‐Alves Kerly Shamyra , Ferreira‐da‐Silva Francisco Walber , de Sousa Damião Pergentino , Santos Priscila Laise , Quintans‐Júnior Lucindo José , Leal‐Cardoso José Henrique , de Almeida Reinaldo Nóbrega 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGeraniol (GER) is a monoterpene alcohol with various biochemical and pharmacological properties present in the essential oil of more than 160 species of herbs (especially the Cymbopogon genus). In this study, we evaluated the antinociceptive activity of GER in behavioural and electrophysiological in vitro experimental models of nociception using male Swiss mice. GER (12.5, 25 or 50 mg/kg i.p. and 50 or 200 mg/kg p.o.) reduced the number of writhes induced by acetic acid. The opioid antagonist naloxone (5 mg/kg s.c.) administered in mice subsequently treated with GER (25 mg/kg i.p.) did not reverse such antinociceptive activity, suggesting a non‐opioid pathway for the mechanism of action. GER (12.5, 25 and 50 mg/kg i.p.) reduced paw licking time in the second phase of the formalin test. Also, in the glutamate test, GER when administered 50 mg/kg i.p. reduced paw licking time, probably modulating glutamatergic neurotransmission. GER blocked reversibly components of the compound action potential (CAP) recorded in isolated sciatic nerve in a concentration‐ and drug exposure time‐dependent manner: 1 mM to 120 min. for the first component and 0.6 mM to 90 min. for the second component. The IC50 was calculated for the peak‐to‐peak amplitude (PPA) at 0.48 ± 0.04 mM. The conduction velocity was also reduced by exposure to GER starting from the concentration of 0.3 mM for both components of the CAP. In conclusion, it is suggested that GER has antinociceptive activity, especially in pain related to inflammation, and in part related to reduced peripheral nerve excitability.
Social media patient testimonials in implant dentistry: information or misinformation?
Authors: Ho Adrian , McGrath Colman , Mattheos Nikos 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectivesThis study aims to assess the educational value of YouTube patient testimonial videos in implant dentistry and qualitatively analyse the themes mentioned.MethodsVideos were sampled consecutively on YouTube, using the keywords “dental implant patients' testimonials experience,” sorted “by relevance.” Patient testimonials on dental implant treatment were examined. Inaudible or non‐English videos were excluded. Four calibrated investigators scored the videos for educational content, using a matrix derived from the European Association for Osseointegration information booklet, and demographic details were recorded. Data were analysed qualitatively through inductive thematic analysis.ResultsA total of 202 videos were analysed (48 exclusions). Inter‐examiner reliability was fair to moderate for informative statements and poor to substantial for misleading statements. A mean of 1.8 informative statements were made per video, compared with misleading, 0.5. Many topics were rarely mentioned, with 19/30 themes appearing fewer than 5% of videos. Patients often informed that implants could improve aesthetics and function, but were misleading on aspects of pain control. Some statements may heighten expectations or imply permanency of treatment.ConclusionBalanced presentation in YouTube testimonials may be limited by bias of clinician‐uploaded content. Greater magnitude and breadth of information would improve educational value. Many important parameters of implant therapy were overlooked, whilst information was often potentially misleading.
Longitudinal strain of left ventricular basal segments and E/e′ ratio differentiate primary cardiac amyloidosis at presentation from hypertensive hypertrophy: an automated function imaging study
Authors: Schiano‐Lomoriello Vincenzo , Galderisi Maurizio , Mele Donato , Esposito Roberta , Cerciello Giuseppe , Buonauro Agostino , Della Pepa Roberta , Picardi Marco , Catalano Lucio , Trimarco Bruno , Pane Fabrizio 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundLongitudinal strain is an early marker of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction in several cardiac diseases. Our aim was to differentiate cardiac amyloidosis (CA) at diagnosis from hypertensive LV hypertrophy (LVH) by analysis of longitudinal myocardial deformation.MethodsThirty healthy controls (C), 30 newly diagnosed, never treated hypertensives with LVH (H‐LVH), and 33 patients with CA at diagnosis underwent echo Doppler including speckle tracking–based automated function imaging (AFI). Averaged peak systolic global longitudinal strain (GLS, 18 segments) and basal, middle, and apical longitudinal strain (BLS, MLS, and ALS, respectively, six segments each) were calculated.ResultsLeft ventricular mass index, relative wall thickness, and ejection fraction did not differ between H‐LVH and CA. E/e′ ratio was higher in CA than in H‐LVH (P<.001) and C (P<.0001). GLS was lower in CA than in C (P<.0001), without difference with H‐LVH. ALS did not differ among the three groups, MLS was significantly lower in both CA and H‐LVH than in C but BLS was lower in CA compared to both H‐LVH and C (both P<.0001). In the pooled population, E/e′ was independently associated with BLS (β=−0.54, P<.0001). At receiver operating curve analysis, CA was predicted by BLS≤−11.3% (sensitivity=63.3%, specificity=100%) and E/e′≥12.3 (sensitivity=69.7%, specificity=83.3%). The best AUC (=0.819) was obtained by the combination E/e′+BLS.ConclusionsOur findings highlight a real difference of E/e′ ratio and longitudinal strain of LV basal segments between hypertensive LVH and CA, which could be used to differentiate the two diseases.
SpatialDemography: a spatially explicit, stage‐structured, metacommunity model
Authors: Keyel Alexander C. , Gerstenlauer Jakob L. K. , Wiegand Kerstin 
Published: June 2016

The responses of species and populations to changes in the environment (e.g. changes in climate and land use) are often complex and difficult to predict.We have created the SpatialDemography model (R package: spatialdemography). The model is a spatially explicit, stage‐structured, matrix‐based metacommunity model, with the potential for modeling species’ and populations’ potential responses to environmental heterogeneity and change.The SpatialDemography model assumes a cellular landscape populated by organisms with four life stages: a mobile dispersing stage, two sessile non‐reproductive stages, and a reproductive adult stage. Individuals are assumed to originate at the center of a given cell and disperse according to a specified dispersal kernel (e.g. log‐normal). All adult individuals are capable of producing offspring. The model approach and framework are described in the context of a hypothetical example with multiple competing species in a four cell landscape. In this example simulation, both spatial location and species interactions were important for understanding population dynamics.SpatialDemography can be applied to questions where an understanding of transient and long‐term demographic responses to spatiotemporal changes is desired. It is primarily applicable to metapopulations and metacommunities of organisms with early dispersal and sessile adults (i.e. modular organisms such as plants and some marine organisms). SpatialDemography differs from other population models in that it is spatially explicit, can incorporate biotic interactions, and is implemented in R.
Sublethal salinity stress contributes to habitat limitation in an endangered estuarine fish
Authors: Komoroske Lisa M. , Jeffries Ken M. , Connon Richard E. , Dexter Jason , Hasenbein Matthias , Verhille Christine , Fangue Nann A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAs global change alters multiple environmental conditions, predicting species’ responses can be challenging without understanding how each environmental factor influences organismal performance. Approaches quantifying mechanistic relationships can greatly complement correlative field data, strengthening our abilities to forecast global change impacts. Substantial salinity increases are projected in the San Francisco Estuary, California, due to anthropogenic water diversion and climatic changes, where the critically endangered delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) largely occurs in a low‐salinity zone (LSZ), despite their ability to tolerate a much broader salinity range. In this study, we combined molecular and organismal measures to quantify the physiological mechanisms and sublethal responses involved in coping with salinity changes. Delta smelt utilize a suite of conserved molecular mechanisms to rapidly adjust their osmoregulatory physiology in response to salinity changes in estuarine environments. However, these responses can be energetically expensive, and delta smelt body condition was reduced at high salinities. Thus, acclimating to salinities outside theLSZcould impose energetic costs that constrain delta smelt's ability to exploit these habitats. By integrating data across biological levels, we provide key insight into the mechanistic relationships contributing to phenotypic plasticity and distribution limitations and advance the understanding of the molecular osmoregulatory responses in nonmodel estuarine fishes.
Data preprocessing issues for incomplete medical datasets
Authors: Huang Min‐Wei , Lin Wei‐Chao , Chen Chih‐Wen , Ke Shih‐Wen , Tsai Chih‐Fong , Eberle William 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWhile there is an ample amount of medical information available for data mining, many of the datasets are unfortunately incomplete – missing relevant values needed by many machine learning algorithms. Several approaches have been proposed for the imputation of missing values, using various reasoning steps to provide estimations from the observed data. One of the important steps in data mining is data preprocessing, where unrepresentative data is filtered out of the data to be mined. However, none of the related studies about missing value imputation consider performing a data preprocessing step before imputation. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine the effect of two preprocessing steps, feature and instance selection, on missing value imputation. Specifically, eight different medical‐related datasets are used, containing categorical, numerical and mixed types of data. Our experimental results show that imputation after instance selection can produce better classification performance than imputation alone. In addition, we will demonstrate that imputation after feature selection does not have a positive impact on the imputation result.