bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Evolution Of Disability Among Surveys In Spain
Authors: Meseguer-Santamaria Leticia , Vargas-Vargas Manuel , Jimenez Jose Mondejar 
Published: March 2016

The definition of the word disability is controversial, due to his complexity and multidimensionality. The successive disability models and their empirical measurement in the diverse health national surveys vary greatly. The International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (World Health Organization, 2001), known as the ICF, sees disability as the outcome of interactions between the features of the individual and the physical, social, and attitudinal world. This approach has the dual advantage of stressing the social context in which individuals are enabled or excluded while not ruling out the roles of bodies and medicine. In this paper, we analyze the evolution of the measurement of disability among three health national surveys in Spain.
Source Headwaters Update: Presidential Beginnings
Authors: Budden Michael , Juban Rusty , Budden Connie , Wallace Dawn 
Published: March 2016

Presidents of higher education institutions are a major source of vision and direction for their respective universities. Established research has shown that a variety of demographic, psychographic and personal characteristics may impact one’s thoughts and actions. Undoubtedly, for university presidents, their educational background and the source of their terminal degree play roles in their abilities to lead and in developing their visions. For this paper, we examined the educational background of public university presidents to determine the degree of homogeneity across institutions. The question we seek to address is if vision and leadership are overly influenced by a common educational background with little diversity in source and field of terminal degree.
Diversity Management: Seeking Validation
Authors: Bledsoe M. Tony , Oatsvall Rebecca J. , Condon David 
Published: March 2016

Diversity management is widely valued in higher education today, but closer examination often reveals a lack of action to support the level of diversity that institutions claim to embrace in many of their strategic documents. This paper includes an assessment of diversity management within South Carolina’s technical colleges and an examination of survey results. It is a companion study to a prior study of diversity in North Carolina Independent Colleges and Universities (NCICU). The purpose of that research was to review campus-wide documents and structure of schools in the NCICU to determine diversity transparency (Bledsoe/Oatsvall).
The Appropriateness Of Parental Involvement In The Job Search Process
Authors: Insch Gary S. , Heames Joyce , McIntyre Nancy 
Published: March 2016

This paper explores millennial job seekers and their parental involvement in the job search process. Preliminary work on a scale to measure the “appropriateness” of certain job search behaviors is reported. Ten parental job search behaviors are identified. The appropriateness constructs of “mentoring” and “meddling” are developed and empirically tested. Results indicate that both meddling and mentoring are valid and initially useful constructs in examining the suitability of parental involvement in the job search process. The possible impact of parental involvement in the job search process is then discussed along with possible managerial responses.
Relationship between emotional intelligence and innovative work behaviors in Turkish banking sector
Authors: Orhan Nazife , Dincer Hasan 
Published: March 2016

<p>Nowadays, almost all sectors especially service ones are aware of the fact that the presence of employees who have high level of emotional intelligence and innovative work behaviors is crucial so as to perform efficiently and productively. Since customer satisfaction and customer loyalty are the main primacy for the banking sector, they need to keep up with all kinds of changes and developments to resist and gain advantages over their competitors subject to the highly increase of competition worldwide. The main reason of applying this study on the banking sector is its dynamic structure that has been changed both positively and negatively owing to the economic crisis. In connection with this, it is aimed to present the importance of emotional intelligence and innovative work behaviors on the success of banking sector through the analysis of two variables in terms of their relationship between each other. Additionally, it is intended for setting forth the differences of state-owned and private banks in terms of the level of emotional intelligence and innovative work behaviors. As a data collection tool, questionnaire technique has been used. It has been benefited from the emotional intelligence scale developed by Wong and Law to obtain the data related to emotional intelligence level; and the innovative work behaviors scale developed by Janssen to obtain the data related to innovative work behaviors. The findings obtained from the questionnaire were applied to 332 employees in Turkish banking sector.</p>
The relationship between information content of depreciation and abnormal return and future benefits in manufacturing companies in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE)
Authors: Zare Reza 
Published: March 2016

In present study by virtue of the importance of the fiscal statement contents and illiquid items ignored by the merchant the depreciation contents relation with abnormal return of the shares and future benefits are examined in order to influence the items under consideration of the investors to take related decisions; 94 companies were selected from the accessible universe in five years (2006-2010) to have the data necessary for the study in order to achieve the goal &amp; with the base of keeping attention to the manufacturing &amp; nonmanufacturing companies in the whole industries of stock market except banks &amp; insurance companies. The simple and multivariable regression statistical techniques Chow and Hausman Test were used to test the hypotheses. The significant test was conducted for the paradigms by using the ‘F’ and ‘T’ statistics. The study findings show local high inflation have affection on the both variable results &amp; makes no relation for first variable,for future benefits shows parallel movements.
A Survey of the Role of Audit Committees in Promoting Corporate Governance and Accountability in Constituency Development Fund Management: A Case Study of Nairobi Province, Kenya
Authors: Mutua Nicholas Muthuma , Kilika Samuel Kakui 
Published: March 2016

<p>The purpose of this study is to present a case for the need for audit committee in Constituency Development Fund to promote corporate governance and accountability in constituency development fund management in Nairobi Province, Kenya. The study provides an analysis and critique of the extent of engagement research in the field of corporate governance and accountability in constituency Development Fund management and present case for further research that may be directed to outside Nairobi province. The study found that the extent of literature in the field of corporate governance and accountability and reporting in contrast to the field to management CDF in Nairobi had largely ignored the practice within CDF organizations. The study argues that CDF can benefit from the methodological and theoretical insights of audit committee and other disciplines. The study suggests where further contributions might be made by future research endeavors engaging with audit committees with organizations. Engaging audit committee in CDF governance and accountability has the potential to improve theorizing practice and the sustainability performance with organizations. Drawing on the methods and theories of other disciplines and the papers in the special issues (of audit committee) the study presents away forward for researchers engaging with audit committees in organizational practicing corporate governance and accountability.</p>
Diversification and Community Bank Performance during a Financial Crisis
Authors: Estes Kathy 
Published: March 2016

<p><em>Many U.S. banks failed or performed poorly during the recent financial crisis. Although the costliest failures were large institutions, the majority of failures were community banks (less than $1 billion in total assets). Community banks, which are considered instrumental in small business lending and employment growth, face different risks and challenges than their larger counterparts, including a lack of economies of scale and scope and exclusion from “too-big-to-fail” status. These challenges, coupled with the recent failures, motivate research into potential strategies managers can use to improve performance. This study examined the relationship between three potential diversification strategies and community bank risk-adjusted performance from 2007 to 2011. Understanding these relationships could improve management’s decision-making, allowing them to choose risk-mitigating strategies during a severe economic downturn. Herfindahl-Hirschman Indexes (HHIs) were calculated as proxies for geographic, activity, and asset diversification. Multiple regression models for each of the five years were used to calculate the impact of diversification variables on risk-adjusted ROA. The results show that diversification in all areas is directly related to performance; however, only the asset diversification relationship is significant. To the extent possible for community banks, diversification may improve risk-adjusted performance.</em></p>
O PALEOAMBIENTE DA REGIÃO ARQUEOLÓGICA DE CENTRAL (BA) ATRAVÉS DOS MAMÍFEROS DA TOCA DO MUNDINHO
Authors: Nogueira Juliana De Sousa , Barbosa Oscar Rocha 
Published: March 2016

A Região Arqueológica de Central abrange uma área de 100.000 km² no interior da Bahia. Desde o início do Projeto Central, criado em 1982, foram localizados e cadastrados cerca de 300 sítios arqueológicos, contendo pinturas rupestres, vestígios ósseos, cerâmicos e líticos. Os restos faunísticos de mamíferos do sítio arqueológico Toca do Mundinho foram analisados, por comparação a espécimes previamente identificados, de maneira a buscar informações sobre possíveis mudanças na fauna local. Neste sítio, foram encontrados vestígios de animais pleistocênicos — indicando um clima local mais úmido que o atual — e animais recentes, ainda presentes na área e adaptados ao bioma Caatinga. Os resultados ressaltam a importância do estudo da fauna de mamíferos para o conhecimento dos paleoambientes e da distribuição paleomastozoológica na região Nordeste, bem como revela a cultura do homem pré-histórico brasileiro. ABSTRACTThe Archaeological Region of Central embraces an area of 100.000 Km² in the interior of Bahia. Since the beginning of Project Central, created in 1982, 300 archaeological sites were located and registered containing rock paintings, bones, ceramics and stone tools remains. The faunal remains of Toca do Mundinho archaeological site were analyzed, by comparing with previous identified specimens, in way to obtain informations about possibles changes in the local fauna. Remains of pleistocenic animals - indicating a local climate more humid than the actual - and recent animals, still present nowadays and adapted to the Caatinga biome were found. These results not only jut out the importance of the study of the mammal fauna for the knowledge about the paleoenvironment of the Northeast region, but also reveals the culture of the prehistoric brazilian man.Keywords: Zooarchaeology; Prehistory of brazilian Northeast; Mastofauna from archaeological sites
Arterial Anatomy of the Posterior Tibial Nerve in the Tarsal Tunnel
Authors: Manske Mary Claire , McKeon Kathleen E. , McCormick Jeremy J. , Johnson Jeffrey E. , Klein Sandra E. 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Both vascular and compression etiologies have been proposed as the source of neurologic symptoms in tarsal tunnel syndrome. Advancing the understanding of the arterial anatomy supplying the posterior tibial nerve (PTN) and its branches may provide insight into the cause of tarsal tunnel symptoms. The purpose of this study was to describe the arterial anatomy of the PTN and its branches.

Methods:
Sixty adult cadaveric lower extremities (thirty previously frozen and thirty fresh specimens) were amputated distal to the knee. The vascular supply to the PTN and its branches was identified, measured, and described macroscopically (the thirty previously frozen specimens, prepared using a formerly described debridement technique) and microscopically (the thirty fresh specimens, processed using the Spälteholz technique).

Results:
On both macroscopic and microscopic evaluation, the PTN and the medial and lateral plantar nerves were observed to have multiple entering vessels within the tarsal tunnel. On microscopic evaluation, a vessel was observed to enter the nerve at the bifurcation of the PTN into the medial and lateral plantar nerves in twenty-two (73%) of the thirty specimens. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in vascular density between the PTN and each of its branches.

Conclusions:
The abundant blood supply to the PTN and its branches identified in this study is consistent with observations of other peripheral nerves. This rich vascular network may render the PTN and its branches susceptible to nerve compression related to vascular congestion. The combination of vascular and structural compression may also elicit neurologic symptoms.

Clinical Relevance:
Advancing the understanding of the arterial anatomy supplying the PTN and its branches may provide insight into the cause and treatment of tarsal tunnel syndrome.
Inferior Cubital Artery Perforator Flap for Soft-Tissue Coverage of the Elbow
Authors: Camuzard Olivier , Foissac Rémi , Clerico Cyril , Fernandez Jonathan , Balaguer Thierry , Ihrai Tarik , de Peretti Fernand , Baqué Patrick , Boileau Pascal , Georgiou Charalambos , Bronsard Nicolas 
Published: March 2016

Background:
Soft-tissue defects surrounding the elbow can be a challenging problem for the orthopaedic surgeon. Reliable reconstruction with use of muscular flaps or even perforator flaps derived from the surrounding vessels has been described. The inferior cubital artery (ICA) is an indirect septocutaneous perforator branch that most frequently arises from the lateral side of the radial artery. The purposes of the present study were to characterize the capillary cutaneous perforators of the ICA and to evaluate the potential of a local perforator flap procedure for soft-tissue coverage of the elbow.

Methods:
Twenty fresh cadaveric forearms were dissected in order to describe the ICA anatomy, and in ten additional forearms the ICA was selectively injected with a red ink solution to detail the ICA vascular territory. For each artery, we recorded the site of origin, the diameter of the artery at its source, the course of the artery, and the number, type, and diameter of capillary cutaneous perforators.

Results:
A total of seventy-eight ICA capillary perforators were analyzed from the twenty dissected forearms: forty-six were in-transit capillary perforators, nineteen were terminal capillary perforators, and thirteen were musculocutaneous capillary perforators. Of these seventy-eight perforators, sixteen (21%) had a caliber of <0.5 mm and sixty-two capillary perforators (79%) had a caliber of ≥0.5 mm. Ten ICAs were selectively injected, and the mean size of all stained skin areas was 30.9 ± 11.9 cm2. A perforator pedicled flap was readily feasible for all dissections. We also describe the case of a patient with a medial soft-tissue defect of the elbow that was covered with a pedicled perforator flap based on an ICA. The patient had satisfactory healing at two months.

Conclusions:
The ICA flap is a reliable and useful flap for elbow soft-tissue reconstruction.

Clinical Relevance:
The perforator flap procedure is a major advancement in reconstructive surgery. One potential application of the perforator flaps is the use of tissue adjacent to a defect as a perforator-based island flap. The use of this tissue allows for thinner flaps to be tailored for more accurate reconstruction. A flap that depends on a perforator branch of the radial artery called the inferior cubital artery seems to be an excellent solution for soft-tissue coverage of the elbow.
EXTREME BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES AND REFRACTIVE SUBSTRUCTURE IN 3C 273 WITH RADIOASTRON
Authors: Johnson Michael D. , Kovalev Yuri Y. , Gwinn Carl R. , Gurvits Leonid I. , Narayan Ramesh , Macquart Jean-Pierre , Jauncey David L. , Voitsik Peter A. , Anderson James M. , Sokolovsky Kirill V. , Lisakov Mikhail M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Earth–space interferometry with RadioAstron provides the highest direct angular resolution ever achieved in astronomy at any wavelength. RadioAstron detections of the classic quasar 3C 273 on interferometric baselines up to 171,000 km suggest brightness temperatures exceeding expected limits from the “inverse-Compton catastrophe” by two orders of magnitude. We show that at 18 cm, these estimates most likely arise from refractive substructure introduced by scattering in the interstellar medium. We use the scattering properties to estimate an intrinsic brightness temperature of

, which is consistent with expected theoretical limits, but which is ∼15 times lower than estimates that neglect substructure. At 6.2 cm, the substructure influences the measured values appreciably but gives an estimated brightness temperature that is comparable to models that do not account for the substructure. At

, the substructure does not affect the extremely high inferred brightness temperatures, in excess of

. We also demonstrate that for a source having a Gaussian surface brightness profile, a single long-baseline estimate of refractive substructure determines an absolute minimum brightness temperature, if the scattering properties along a given line of sight are known, and that this minimum accurately approximates the apparent brightness temperature over a wide range of total flux densities.
THE UBIQUITOUS PRESENCE OF LOOPLIKE FINE STRUCTURE INSIDE SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS
Authors: Wang Y.-M. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
Although most of the solar surface outside active regions (ARs) is pervaded by small-scale fields of mixed polarity, this magnetic “carpet” or “junkyard” is thought to be largely absent inside AR plages and strong network. However, using extreme-ultraviolet images and line-of-sight magnetograms from the Solar Dynamics Observatory, we find that unipolar flux concentrations, both inside and outside ARs, often have small, loop-shaped Fe ix 17.1 and Fe xii 19.3 nm features embedded within them, even though no minority-polarity flux is visible in the corresponding magnetograms. Such looplike structures, characterized by horizontal sizes of ∼3–5 Mm and varying on timescales of minutes or less, are seen inside bright 17.1 nm moss, as well as in fainter moss-like regions associated with weaker network outside ARs. We also note a tendency for bright coronal loops to show compact, looplike features at their footpoints. Based on these observations, we suggest that present-day magnetograms may be substantially underrepresenting the amount of minority-polarity flux inside plages and strong network, and that reconnection between small bipoles and the overlying large-scale field could be a major source of coronal heating both in ARs and in the quiet Sun.
THE FIRST X-RAY IMAGING SPECTROSCOPY OF QUIESCENT SOLAR ACTIVE REGIONS WITH NuSTAR
Authors: Hannah Iain G. , Grefenstette Brian W. , Smith David M. , Glesener Lindsay , Krucker Säm , Hudson Hugh S. , Madsen Kristin K. , Marsh Andrew , White Stephen M. , Caspi Amir , Shih Albert Y. , Harrison Fiona A. , Stern Daniel , Boggs Steven E. , Christensen Finn E. , Craig William W. , Hailey Charles J. , Zhang William W. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT
We present the first observations of quiescent active regions (ARs) using the Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR), a focusing hard X-ray telescope capable of studying faint solar emission from high-temperature and non-thermal sources. We analyze the first directly imaged and spectrally resolved X-rays above 2 keV from non-flaring ARs, observed near the west limb on 2014 November 1. The NuSTAR X-ray images match bright features seen in extreme ultraviolet and soft X-rays. The NuSTAR imaging spectroscopy is consistent with isothermal emission of temperatures 3.1–4.4 MK and emission measures 1–8 × 1046 cm−3. We do not observe emission above 5 MK, but our short effective exposure times restrict the spectral dynamic range. With few counts above 6 keV, we can place constraints on the presence of an additional hotter component between 5 and 12 MK of

cm−3 and

cm−3, respectively, at least an order of magnitude stricter than previous limits. With longer duration observations and a weakening solar cycle (resulting in an increased livetime), future NuSTAR observations will have sensitivity to a wider range of temperatures as well as possible non-thermal emission.
Observations on the life-history traits of the North American parasitoidPhasgonophora sulcataWestwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) attackingAgrilus planipennis(Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Roscoe Lucas E. , Barry Lyons D. , Smith Sandy M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractUnder laboratory and field conditions in Ontario, Canada, we explored the natural history ofPhasgonophora sulcataWestwood (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), an indigenous solitary endoparasitoid ofAgrilus planipennisFairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae) in North America. AdultP. sulcataemergence was ~20.2–23.9 days after host emergence at 21°C, withP. sulcatafemales emerging an ~5.4–5.8 days before males. Females also represented 61.8 and 67.0% of emerging adults in the two years sampled. Mean adult longevities for males and females ofP. sulcatawere 23.8±1.10 and 28.9±1.11 days at 21°C, respectively. Mean potential fecundity ofP. sulcataat emergence was 55.7±2.9 eggs per female. Based on adult emergence, parasitism at two sites varied from 11.7% to 34.4%. Adult parasitoids were first observed in the field in early June, with peak capture occurring in late June. Parasitism rates inA. planipennis-infested ash trees was not affected by tree height below 360 cm, whereas parasitism was not observed at heights>360 cm. Our results suggest that although mass rearing will be challenging, observed parasitism rates in conjunction with temporal and spatial synchrony indicate that indigenousP. sulcatamay be an important source of mortality forA. planipennispopulations.
A Second-Order Finite Difference Method for Two-Dimensional Fractional Percolation Equations
Authors: Guo Boling , Xu Qiang , Zhu Ailing 
Published: March 2016

AbstractA finite difference method which is second-order accurate in time and in space is proposed for two-dimensional fractional percolation equations. Using the Fourier transform, a general approximation for the mixed fractional derivatives is analyzed. An approach based on the classical Crank-Nicolson scheme combined with the Richardson extrapolation is used to obtain temporally and spatially second-order accurate numerical estimates. Consistency, stability and convergence of the method are established. Numerical experiments illustrating the effectiveness of the theoretical analysis are provided.