bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms using the Woven EndoBridge technique in a single center: preliminary results
Authors: Lawson Aimee , Goddard Tony , Ross Stuart , Tyagi Atul , Deniz Kenan , Patankar Tufail 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
The Woven EndoBridge (WEB) is an innovative new technique for securing cerebral aneurysms. It is designed particularly for wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms that otherwise would be difficult to treat. There is a paucity of follow-up data in the literature due to the novelty of this technique. The authors reviewed their data from cases involving patients treated at Leeds General Infirmary with the WEB device. They assessed the safety and complication risk associated with the device and clinical and radiological follow-up outcomes in their patients. This is, to their knowledge, the first publication to include the new single-layer sphere device (WEB SLS) in addition to the original dual-layer (WEB DL) and the (nonsphere) single-layer (WEB SL) devices.

METHODS
Data from 22 patients who underwent 25 WEB treatments were analyzed. Of the 25 WEB procedures, 3 were performed on an acute basis, 1 was performed on a semiacute basis, and the remaining 21 were elective. A novel 6-point scoring system called the Leeds WEB aneurysm occlusion scale was created to ensure accurate assessment based on the morphology of the WEB device. Outcome was assessed at follow-up by MR angiography with or without digital subtraction angiography and the modified Rankin Scale (mRS).

RESULTS
Deployment of the WEB device was successful in 22 (88%) of 25 procedures; 3 (12%) of the attempts at WEB treatment were abandoned. One of the patients in whom treatment was abandoned underwent a successful second attempt. Immediately after the 22 procedures with successful deployment, 4 (18%) of the patients had a complete occlusion of the aneurysm and WEB device; 10 (45%) had varying degrees of occlusion within the WEB device but no aneurysm neck or remnant; 3 (14%) had a neck remnant; and 5 (23%) had an aneurysm remnant. Of the patients with an aneurysm remnant, 1 had a complete aneurysm occlusion at ≥ 3-months follow-up. In total, 6 (27%) patients had a residual aneurysm at ≥ 3-months radiological follow-up. One of these patients was admitted with hydrocephalus secondary to a recurrent aneurysm and later received a second WEB treatment with additional coiling. Only 1 patient developed new neurological symptoms. This patient went from an mRS score of 0 to a score of 1 and had radiological evidence of a thromboembolic event. Two patients showed radiological evidence of a new thromboembolic event on follow-up MRI but were clinically asymptomatic.

CONCLUSIONS
The WEB has shown itself to be a promising new device with the potential to increase the scope of treatment for difficult wide-necked bifurcation aneurysms. The technique is safe, and short-term results show effective occlusion of complex aneurysms with minimal complications associated with the procedure. Long-term efficacy, however, still needs to be assessed.
ACTC1 as an invasion and prognosis marker in glioma
Authors: Ohtaki Shunya , Wanibuchi Masahiko , Kataoka-Sasaki Yuko , Sasaki Masanori , Oka Shinichi , Noshiro Shouhei , Akiyama Yukinori , Mikami Takeshi , Mikuni Nobuhiro , Kocsis Jeffery D. , Honmou Osamu 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Glioma is a major class of brain tumors, and glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and malignant type. The nature of tumor invasion makes surgical removal difficult, which results in remote recurrence. The present study focused on glioma invasion and investigated the expression of actin, alpha cardiac muscle 1 (ACTC1), which is 1 of 6 actin families implicated in cell motility.

METHODS
mRNA expression of ACTC1 expression was analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in 47 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded glioma tissues that were graded according to WHO criteria: Grade I (n = 4); Grade II (n = 12); Grade III (n = 6); and Grade IV (n = 25). Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method. The relationships between ACTC1 expression and clinical features such as radiological findings at the time of diagnosis and recurrence, patient age, Karnofsky Performance Scale status (KPS), and the MIB-1 index were evaluated.

RESULTS
The incidence of ACTC1 expression as a qualitative assessment gradually increased according to WHO grade. The hazard ratio for the median overall survival (mOS) of the patients with ACTC1-positive high-grade gliomas as compared with the ACTC1-negative group was 2.96 (95% CI, 1.03–8.56). The mOS was 6.28 years in the ACTC1-negative group and 1.26 years in the positive group (p = 0.037). In GBM patients, the hazard ratio for mOS in the ACTC1-positive GBMs as compared with the ACTC1-negative group was 2.86 (95% CI 0.97–8.45). mOS was 3.20 years for patients with ACTC1-negative GBMs and 1.08 years for patients with ACTC1-positive GBMs (p = 0.048). By the radiological findings, 42.9% of ACTC1-positive GBM patients demonstrated invasion toward the contralateral cerebral hemisphere at the time of diagnosis, although no invasion was observed in ACTC1-negative GBM patients (p = 0.013). The recurrence rate of GBM was 87.5% in the ACTC1-positive group; in contrast, none of the ACTC1-negative patients demonstrated distant recurrence (0.007). No remarkable relationship was demonstrated among ACTC1 expression and patient age, KPS, and the MIB-1 index.

CONCLUSIONS
ACTC1 may serve as a novel independent prognostic and invasion marker in GBM.
A novel autologous duraplasty in situ technique for the treatment of Chiari malformation Type I
Authors: Zhang Lei , Yi Zhiqiang , Duan Hongzhou , Li Liang 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to introduce a novel autologous duraplasty procedure for the treatment of Chiari malformation Type I (CM-I).

METHODS
The authors retrospectively reviewed data from patients who had been diagnosed with CM-I and had undergone suboccipital decompression and autologous duraplasty in situ or synthetic dural graft duraplasty; patients were treated in the authors' department between 2011 and 2014. All procedures were performed by the same surgeon. The 2 duraplasty methods were compared in terms of surgical factors and complications. The authors assessed the neurological outcome and MRI-documented syrinx size at the 6-month follow-up visit.

RESULTS
Twenty-seven patients were enrolled in this study, 13 in the duraplasty in situ group and 14 in the synthetic dural graft duraplasty group. The results showed no significant differences between the duraplasty in situ and synthetic dural graft duraplasty groups in overall operative time (4.9 hours vs 4.1 hours; p = 0.070), estimated blood loss (229 ml vs 254 ml; p = 0.159), and duration of hospital stay after the operation (13.5 days vs 12.8 days; p = 0.808). In the duraplasty in situ group, 1 case of meningitis occurred (7.7%). In the synthetic dural graft duraplasty group, the complications included 1 case of meningitis (7.1%) and 1 CSF leak (7.1%). The mean cost of hospitalization in the duraplasty in situ group (CNY 23,354) was significantly lower than that in the synthetic dural graft duraplasty group (CNY 29,385; p = 0.036).

CONCLUSIONS
Compared with synthetic dural graft duraplasty, autologous duraplasty in situ is a safe, effective, and cost-effective procedure for the treatment of CM-I. The long-term outcome of this procedure requires investigation.
Stereotactic radiosurgery for Spetzler-Martin Grade III arteriovenous malformations: an international multicenter study
Authors: Ding Dale , Starke Robert M. , Kano Hideyuki , Lee John Y. K. , Mathieu David , Pierce John , Huang Paul P. , Feliciano Caleb , Rodriguez-Mercado Rafael , Almodovar Luis , Grills Inga S. , Silva Danilo , Abbassy Mahmoud , Missios Symeon , Kondziolka Douglas , Barnett Gene H. , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason P. 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Because of the angioarchitectural diversity of Spetzler-Martin (SM) Grade III arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), the management of these lesions is incompletely defined. The aims of this multicenter, retrospective cohort study were to evaluate the outcomes after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for SM Grade III AVMs and to determine the factors predicting these outcomes.

METHODS
The authors analyzed and pooled data from patients with SM Grade III AVMs treated with SRS at 8 institutions participating in the International Gamma Knife Research Foundation. Patients with these AVMs and a minimum follow-up length of 12 months were included in the study cohort. An optimal outcome was defined as AVM obliteration, no post-SRS hemorrhage, and no permanently symptomatic radiation-induced changes (RICs). Data were analyzed by univariate and multivariate regression analyses.

RESULTS
The SM Grade III AVM cohort comprised 891 patients with a mean age of 34 years at the time of SRS. The mean nidus volume, radiosurgical margin dose, and follow-up length were 4.5 cm3, 20 Gy, and 89 months, respectively. The actuarial obliteration rates at 5 and 10 years were 63% and 78%, respectively. The annual postradiosurgery hemorrhage rate was 1.2%. Symptomatic and permanent RICs were observed in 11% and 4% of the patients, respectively. Optimal outcome was achieved in 56% of the patients and was significantly more frequent in cases of unruptured AVMs (OR 2.3, p < 0.001). The lack of a previous hemorrhage (p = 0.037), absence of previous AVM embolization (p = 0.002), smaller nidus volume (p = 0.014), absence of AVM-associated arterial aneurysms (p = 0.023), and higher margin dose (p < 0.001) were statistically significant independent predictors of optimal outcome in a multivariate analysis.

CONCLUSIONS
Stereotactic radiosurgery provided better outcomes for patients with small, unruptured SM Grade III AVMs than for large or ruptured SM Grade III nidi. A prospective trial or registry that facilitates a comparison of SRS with conservative AVM management might further clarify the authors' observations for these often high-risk AVMs.
How Many Wolves Does it Take to Protect the Population? Minimum Viable Population Size as a Technology of Government in Endangered Species Management (Norway, 1970s-2000s)
Authors: Stokland Håkon B. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The article investigates how the protection of wolves in Norway has been conducted in practice since the legal protection of wolves was enacted in the early 1970s, by tracing how political decisions to regulate the number of wolves Norway should protect have been determined. The scientific concept of a 'minimum viable population size' (MVP size), which the article construes as a technology of government, has been a central instrument in these processes. The article examines how biologists, nature managers, bureaucrats, politicians and others have attempted to define and employ MVP size through the period, and how many of the political negotiations concerning Norwegian wolf numbers have played out as controversies over what constitutes a viable population. The major issues have concerned how a viable population should be theoretically defined, how many wolves this would mean in practice, and whether a viable population could be shared with other countries. The article identifies two decisive moments of transition in the way MVP size has been employed in the protection of wolves in Norway, in which the authority to define its content was transferred first from biologists to nature managers, and later to politicians. These shifts involved major transitions in the practice of determining MVP size and in the number of wolves considered necessary for protecting a viable population. In a larger perspective, the article argues that environmental historians have much to gain from delving deeper into the practices and technologies of government, in terms of the histories of endangered species management and nature management more generally.
Use of general practice services 5 years after an episode of mental illness: case–control study using electronic records
Authors: Wildeboer Renée M , van der Hoek Lucas , Verhaak Peter FM 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundDepression, anxiety, and emotional distress occur frequently and are usually treated in general practice. Little has been reported about the long-term course of these conditions and the long-term use of medical services.AimTo follow up patients with depression, anxiety, and emotional distress in general practice for 5 years and examine the length and number of index episodes, prescribing behaviour, and the use of services in general practice.Design and settingA case–control study using data from electronic medical records.MethodThree cohorts of patients with depression (n= 453), anxiety (n= 442), and emotional distress (n= 185) were compared against a cohort of control patients (n= 4156) during a 5-year follow-up from 2007 to 2011. The occurrence or recurrence of the index disorders, other psychological disorders or medical conditions, the numbers of prescriptions, and the number of contacts with the general practice were all examined.ResultsPatients in the depression group had 1.1 followup episodes of depression, those in the anxiety group had 0.9 follow-up episodes of anxiety, and those in the emotional distress group had 0.5 follow-up episodes of emotional distress during the 5 years. All three groups had more consultations (for both psychological and somatic reasons) during each of the follow-up years than control patients. Furthermore, the groups with mental health disorders were given more prescriptions for psychopharmacological treatment.ConclusionFive years after the index episode in 2007, patients with an episode of depression, anxiety, or emotional distress are still not comparable with control patients, in terms of the prevalence of mental health conditions, the number of prescriptions, and healthcare use.
Effectiveness of personalised support for self-management in primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial
Authors: Eikelenboom Nathalie , van Lieshout Jan , Jacobs Annelies , Verhulst Frank , Lacroix Joyca , van Halteren Aart , Klomp Maarten , Smeele Ivo , Wensing Michel 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundSelf-management support is an important component of the clinical management of many chronic conditions. The validated Self-Management Screening questionnaire (SeMaS) assesses individual characteristics that influence a patient’s ability to self-manage.AimTo assess the effect of providing personalised self-management support in clinical practice on patients’ activation and health-related behaviours.Design and settingA cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in 15 primary care group practices in the south of the Netherlands.MethodAfter attending a dedicated self-management support training session, practice nurses in the intervention arm discussed the results of SeMaS with the patient at baseline, and tailored the self-management support. Participants completed a 13-item Patient Activation Measure (PAM-13) and validated lifestyle questionnaires at baseline and after 6 months. Data, including individual care plans, referrals to self-management interventions, self-monitoring, and healthcare use, were extracted from patients’ medical records. Multilevel multiple regression was used to assess the effect on outcomes.ResultsThe PAM-13 score did not differ significantly between the control (n= 348) and intervention (n= 296) arms at 6 months. In the intervention arm, 29.4% of the patients performed self-monitoring, versus 15.2% in the control arm (effect sizer= 0.9,P= 0.01). In the per protocol analysis (controln= 348; interventionn= 136), the effect of the intervention was significant on the number of individual care plans (effect sizer= 1.3,P= 0.04) and on self-monitoring (effect sizer= 1.0,P= 0.01).ConclusionThis study showed that discussing SeMaS and offering tailored support did not affect patient activation or lifestyle, but did stimulate patients to self-monitor and use individual care plans.
Konstanzprüfung der Systemlinearität von Aktivimetern mittels 99mTc
Authors: Knoop Bernd , Vehrenkamp Iris , Rudolf Frank , Geworski Lilli , Schütze Christian 
Published: April 2016

ZusammenfassungDas Aktivimeter ist eines der wichtigsten und am häufigsten eingesetzten Messinstrumente zur Bestimmung der Aktivität in der Nuklearmedizin. Um eine gleichbleibende Qualität der Aktivitätsmessungen zu gewährleisten, ist unter anderem die Konstanzprüfung der Systemlinearität in regelmäßigen Abständen durchzuführen, typischerweise gemessen mit 99mTc. Das aus einem 99Mo/99mTc-Generator gewonnene 99mTc-Eluat enthält eine Molybdän-Verunreinigung. Wird der Molybdän-Verunreinigungsanteil nicht berücksichtigt, so kann die für die Konstanzprüfung erlaubte Toleranzgrenze der Abweichung zum Referenzwert von maximal 5% trotz fehlerfreier Messfunktion des Aktivimeters überschritten werden. Wesentliche Ursachen für diese Verunreinigung sind neben dem reinen Verunreinigungsanteil auch dessen relativer Anstieg in Abhängigkeit von der Gesamtdauer der Messung (hohe Startaktivitäten). Ergebnis: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurde der Einfluss der Molybdän-Verunreinigung auf die Ergebnisse der Konstanzprüfung zur Systemlinearität untersucht und für bestimmte Verunreinigungen die maximalen Startaktivitäten ermittelt, bei denen die systematischen Abweichungen in der Systemlinearität im Rahmen der Konstanzprüfung unter 5% liegen. Schlussfolgerung: Sofern bestimmte Randbedingungen eingehalten werden, kann bei der Auswertung auf eine Korrektur bezüglich der Molybdänverunreinigung verzichtet werden.
How diploidization turned a tetraploid into a pseudotriploid
Authors: Mandáková Terezie , Gloss Andrew D. , Whiteman Noah K. , Lysak Martin A. 
Published: April 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Despite being highly fertile and occupying a large geographic region, the North American heartleaf bittercress (Cardamine cordifolia; Brassicaceae) has a puzzling triploid‐like chromosome number (2n = 3x = 24). As most triploids are sterile, we embarked on a detailed analysis of the C. cordifolia genome to elucidate its origin and structure.METHODS:Mitotic and meiotic chromosome complement of C. cordifolia was analyzed by comparative chromosome painting using chromosome‐specific BAC contigs of Arabidopsis thaliana. Resulting chromosome patterns were documented by multicolor fluorescence microscopy and compared with known ancestral and extant Brassicaceae genomes.KEY RESULTS:We discovered that C. cordifolia is not a triploid hybrid but a diploidized tetraploid with the prevalence of regular, diploid‐like meiotic pairing. The ancestral tetraploid chromosome number (2n = 32) was reduced to a triploid‐like number (2n = 24) through four terminal chromosome translocations.CONCLUSIONS:The structure of the pseudotriploid C. cordifolia genome results from a stepwise diploidization process after whole‐genome duplication. We showed that translocation‐based descending dysploidy (from n = 16 to n = 12) was mediated by the formation of five new chromosomes. The genome of C. cordifolia represents the diploidization process in statu nascendi and provides valuable insights into mechanisms of postpolyploidy rediploidization in land plants. Our data further suggest that chromosome number alone does not need to be a reliable proxy of species’ evolutionary past and that the same chromosome number may originate either by polyploidization (hybridization) or due to descending dysploidy.
COMPARISON BETWEEN 2D AND 3D PARAMETERS OF 306 FRONT-SIDE HALO CMEs FROM 2009 TO 2013
Authors: Jang Soojeong , Moon Y.-J. , Kim R.-S. , Lee Harim , Cho K.-S. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate 306 LASCO front-side halo (partial and full) CMEs from 2009 to 2013, which are well-observed by both the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory (STEREO). These CMEs have two-dimensional (2D) parameters, such as speed, angular width, and propagation direction, from a single spacecraft (SOHO), as well as three-dimensional (3D) parameters from a multi-spacecraft (STEREO). These 2D CME parameters, which are based on plane-of-sky observations, are taken from the SOHO LASCO CME catalog and the NGDC flare catalog. We have determined their 3D CME parameters using the Stereoscopic CME analysis tool (StereoCAT) provided by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center at NASA. We compare 2D and 3D CME parameters, making this the most comprehensive statistical study on CME 3D parameters. As a result, we find that 2D speeds underestimate the 3D speed by about 20%. The 3D width ranges from 30° to 158°, values which are much smaller than the 2D widths with a mean value of 225°. We also find that the ratio between the 2D and 3D widths decreases with central meridian distance. The 3D propagation directions are similar to the flare locations, with a mean absolute difference of about 13°. The width-speed relationship in 3D is much stronger than that in 2D.
Deathcore, creativity, and scientific thinking
Authors: Angeler David , Sundstrom Shana , Allen Craig 
Published: April 2016

Major scientific breakthroughs are generally the result of materializing creative ideas, the result of an inductive process that sometimes spontaneously and unexpectedly generates a link between thoughts and/or objects that did not exist before. Creativity is the cornerstone of scientific thinking, but scientists in academia are judged by metrics of quantification that often leave little room for creative thinking. In many scientific fields, reductionist approaches are rewarded and new ideas viewed skeptically. As a result, scientific inquiry is often confined to narrow but safe disciplinary ivory towers, effectively preventing profoundly creative explorations that could yield unexpected benefits.
This paper argues how apparently unrelated fields specifically music and belief systems can be combined in a provocative allegory to provide novel perspectives regarding patterns in nature, thereby potentially inspiring innovation in the natural, social and other sciences. The merger between basic human tensions such as those embodied by religion and music, for example the heavy metal genre of deathcore, may be perceived as controversial, challenging, and uncomfortable. However, it is an example of moving the thinking process out of unconsciously established comfort zones, through the connection of apparently unrelated entities. We argue that music, as an auditory art form, has the potential to enlighten and boost creative thinking in science. Metal, as a fast evolving and diversifying extreme form of musical art, may be particularly suitable to trigger surprising associations in scientific inquiry. This may pave the way for dealing with questions about what we don´t know that we don´t know in a fast-changing planet.