bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Highly Efficient Synthesis of Z‐Macrocycles Using Stereoretentive, Ruthenium‐Based Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Ahmed Tonia S. , Grubbs Robert H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA highly efficient, Z‐selective ring‐closing metathesis system for the formation of macrocycles using a stereoretentive, ruthenium‐based catalyst supported by a dithiolate ligand is reported. The catalyst is remarkably active as observed in initiation experiments showing complete catalyst initiation at −20 °C within 10 minutes. Macrocyclization reactions generated Z‐products from easily accessible diene starting materials bearing a Z‐olefin moiety. This approach provides a more efficient and selective route to Z‐macrocycles relative to previously reported systems. Reactions were completed within shorter reaction times, and turnover numbers of up to 100 could be achieved. Macrocyclic lactones ranging in size from twelve‐ to seventeen‐membered rings were synthesized in moderate to high yields (67–79 %) with excellent Z‐selectivity (95–99 %).
Heterogeneous Microtesla SABRE Enhancement of 15N NMR Signals
Authors: Kovtunov Kirill V. , Kovtunova Larisa M. , Gemeinhardt Max E. , Bukhtiyarov Andrey V. , Gesiorski Jonathan , Bukhtiyarov Valerii I. , Chekmenev Eduard Y. , Koptyug Igor V. , Goodson Boyd M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe hyperpolarization of heteronuclei via signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) was investigated under conditions of heterogeneous catalysis and microtesla magnetic fields. Immobilization of [IrCl(COD)(IMes)], [IMes=1,3‐bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl), imidazole‐2‐ylidene; COD=cyclooctadiene] catalyst onto silica particles modified with amine linkers engenders an effective heterogeneous SABRE (HET‐SABRE) catalyst that was used to demonstrate a circa 100‐fold enhancement of 15N NMR signals in 15N‐pyridine at 9.4 T following parahydrogen bubbling within a magnetic shield. No 15N NMR enhancement was observed from the supernatant liquid following catalyst separation, which along with XPS characterization supports the fact that the effects result from SABRE under heterogeneous catalytic conditions. The technique can be developed further for producing catalyst‐free agents via SABRE with hyperpolarized heteronuclear spins, and thus is promising for biomedical NMR and MRI applications.
Adsorption of platinum(IV) from an aqueous solution with magnetic cellulose functionalized with thiol and amine as a nano‐active adsorbent
Authors: Anbia Mansoor , Rahimi Fatemeh 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, magnetic cellulose was prepared and then functionalized by the grafting of glycidyl methacrylate and reaction with thiourea/amine [to produce grafted magnetic cellulose with thiol/amine (GMC–N/S)]. Thus, GMC–N/S as a nano‐active adsorbent was investigated for the adsorption of Pt(IV) in a batch system. A response surface methodology was used to study the effects of four independent variables [Pt(IV) concentration, temperature, pH of the solution, and adsorbent dose] and to optimize the process conditions for the maximum adsorption of platinum(IV) from aqueous solutions by GMC–N/S. A high coefficient of determination (R2 = 98.46) implied the adsorption of Pt(IV) onto the adsorbent in a valid manner, and only 1.54% of the total variable was not explained by the model. The equilibrium adsorption data were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of the adsorbent (GMC–N/S) for Pt(IV) was determined to be 40.48 mg/g. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45361.
Invasive Asian clam distribution pattern reveals minimal constraints to downstream dispersal and imperceptible ecological impacts
Authors: Pereira Joana Luísa , Vidal Tânia , Mendes Cristiana , Ré Ana , Santos Joana Isabel , Gonçalves Fernando , Castro Bruno Branco 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Asian clamCorbicula flumineais an invasive freshwater species that can cause adverse ecological and economic impacts. Information on its dispersal abilities, ecological preferences and impacts may contribute towards the improvement of management strategies, including those relating to regulatory demands such as the European Water Framework Directive (WFD).Both the above perspectives were addressed through inspection of environmental constraints toC. flumineadispersal and impacts in a semi‐natural drainage catchment (interconnected system of ditches). Forty sites were surveyed in 2014 to describe the species distribution and to characterize benthic macroinvertebrate communities, water column and sediment physico‐chemistry, as well as the hydromorphological conditions.Clams were unevenly distributed in the study area and artificial barriers (dikes) did not prevent downstream dispersal of juveniles. Large variation in clam density (0–3077 clams m−2) could not be explained by physico‐chemical or hydromorphological gradients. Although typical clam preference ranges reported in the literature were often exceeded, dense populations were nevertheless observed.Macroinvertebrate community structure suggested associations between the Asian clam and some functional feeding groups. However, the impacts of clams on macroinvertebrate assemblages and ecological quality were negligible, suggesting that contemporary methods designed to comply with the WFD bioassessment scheme may fail to detect important drivers of ecological change in freshwater ecosystems.This study demonstrated the reduced ecological impacts and broad ecological competence of the Asian clam, but also that its spread depends on human vectors. These findings highlight the need to rethink prediction tools supporting preventive measures against the introduction and spread of this invasive bivalve.
The entomopathogenic fungusNomuraea rileyiimpairs cellular immunity of its hostHelicoverpa armigera
Authors: Zhong Ke , Liu Zhan‐Chi , Wang Jia‐Lin , Liu Xu‐Sheng 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this study, we investigated the effect of the entomopathogenic fungusNomuraea rileyionHelicoverpa armigeracellular immune responses.Nomuraea rileyiinfection had no effect on total hemocyte count (THC), but impaired hemocyte‐mediated phagocytosis, nodulation, and encapsulation responses.Nomuraea rileyiinfection led to a significant reduction in hemocyte spreading. An in vitro assay revealed that plasma fromN. rileyiinfectedH. armigeralarvae suppressed the spreading ability of hemocytes from naïve larvae. We infer thatN. rileyisuppresses the cellular immune response of its host, possibly by secreting exogenous, cytotoxic compounds into the host's hemolymph.
Cerebral gray matter volume reduction in subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment patients and subcortical vascular dementia patients, and its relation with cognitive deficits
Authors: Li Maoyu , Meng Yao , Wang Minzhong , Yang Shuang , Wu Hui , Zhao Bin , Wang Guangbin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroductionSubcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) is the predementia stage of subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD). The aim of this research is to explore and compare cerebral gray matter (GM) volume reduction in svMCI patients and SVaD patients, and to investigate the relationship between cerebral GM volume reduction and cognitive deficits.MethodsThirty one svMCI patients, 29 SVaD patients, and 31 healthy controls were recruited in our research. They conducted neuropsychological tests and brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination. To detect cerebral GM volume reduction in svMCI patients and SVaD patients, we used statistical parametric mapping 8‐voxel‐based morphometry 8 (SPM8‐VBM8) method to analyze MRI data. To detect the relationship between cerebral GM volume reduction and cognitive deficits, multiple linear regression analysis was used.ResultsCompared with healthy controls, svMCI patients showed cerebral GM volume reduction in hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, insula and superior temporal gyrus. Compared with healthy controls, SVaD patients exhibited more atrophy which encompasses all of these areas plus anterior and middle cingulate, inferior temporal gyrus, orbitofrontal cortex, and superior frontal gyrus. In svMCI patients, cerebral GM volume reduction correlated with memory loss, attention dysfunction, and language dysfunction; in SVaD patients, besides those cognitive deficits, cerebral GM volume reduction correlated with more cognitive impairments, including executive dysfunction, neuropsychiatric symptom, and depression.ConclusionsOur findings prove that both svMCI patients and SVaD patients exhibit cerebral GM volume reduction and there may exist a hierarchy between svMCI and SVaD, and cerebral GM volume reduction in both svMCI patients and SVaD patients correlates with cognitive deficits, which can help us understand the mechanism of cognitive impairments in svMCI patients and SVaD patients, and diagnose SVaD at its early stage.
Polylutidines: Multifunctional Surfaces through Vapor‐Based Polymerization of Substituted Pyridinophanes
Authors: Bally‐Le Gall Florence , Hussal Christoph , Kramer Joshua , Cheng Kenneth , Kumar Ramya , Eyster Thomas , Baek Amy , Trouillet Vanessa , Nieger Martin , Bräse Stefan , Lahann Joerg 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report a new class of functionalized polylutidine polymers that are prepared by chemical vapor deposition polymerization of substituted [2](1,4)benzeno[2](2,5)pyridinophanes. To prepare sufficient amounts of monomer for CVD polymerization, a new synthesis route for ethynylpyridinophane has been developed in three steps with an overall yield of 59 %. Subsequent CVD polymerization yielded well‐defined films of poly(2,5‐lutidinylene‐co‐p‐xylylene) and poly(4‐ethynyl‐2,5‐lutidinylene‐co‐p‐xylylene). All polymers were characterized by infrared reflection–absorption spectroscopy, ellipsometry, contact angle studies, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Moreover, ζ‐potential measurements revealed that polylutidine films have higher isoelectric points than the corresponding poly‐xylylene surfaces owing to the nitrogen atoms in the polymer backbone. The availability of reactive alkyne groups on the surface of poly(4‐ethynyl‐2,5‐lutidinylene‐co‐p‐xylylene) coatings was confirmed by spatially controlled surface modification by means of Huisgen 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition. Compared to the more hydrophobic poly‐p‐xylylyenes, the presence of the heteroatom in the polymer backbone of polylutidine polymers resulted in surfaces that supported an increased adhesion of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Vapor‐based polylutidine coatings are a new class of polymers that feature increased hydrophilicity and increased cell adhesion without limiting the flexibility in selecting appropriate functional side groups.
Formation of Mefenamic Acid Nanocrystals with Improved Dissolution Characteristics
Authors: Konnerth Christoph , Braig Veronika , Ito Atsutoshi , Schmidt Jochen , Lee Geoffrey , Peukert Wolfgang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn industrially feasible formulation approach combining media milling and spray‐drying was applied to improve dissolution characteristics of the poorly soluble drug mefenamic acid (MA). The approach was studied for two MA polymorphs at different stressing and pH conditions. It was found that final MA product particle sizes are rather determined by the solid‐liquid equilibrium than by mechanical fracture. Obtained drug particles are only composed of the most stable polymorph. Direct compressed tablets containing MA nanocrystals exhibit a significant improvement of in vitro dissolution kinetics as compared to tablets with micronized drug particles.
Effects of Socially Responsible Supplier Development and Sustainability‐Oriented Innovation on Sustainable Development: Empirical Evidence from SMEs
Authors: Wu Guo‐Ciang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractRecently, the trend toward sustainable development has led to different categories of sustainability‐oriented innovations (SOIs). Even though each SOI category could play an important role in enhancing sustainability performance (SP), which covers economic, environmental, and social dimensions, developing SOIs is a difficult task for small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as they have limited resources and expertise. From the sustainable supply chain management perspective, the practices of socially responsible supplier development (SRSD) by buying firms may help strengthen the SOIs in which their SME suppliers engage, thus contributing to improving SMEs' SP. Therefore, this study created a multidimensional research framework that links buying firms' SRSD with SME suppliers' SOIs and investigated the influence of SRSD and SOIs on SP. The empirical results show that SRSD practices significantly and positively affect SOIs, with SOIs helping to improve SP and fully mediating the relationship between SRSD and SP. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Evaluating Dihydroazulene/Vinylheptafulvene Photoswitches for Solar Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Wang Zhihang , Udmark Jonas , Börjesson Karl , Rodrigues Rita , Roffey Anna , Abrahamsson Maria , Nielsen Mogens Brøndsted , Moth‐Poulsen Kasper 
Published: June 2017

AbstractEfficient solar energy storage is a key challenge in striving toward a sustainable future. For this reason, molecules capable of solar energy storage and release through valence isomerization, for so‐called molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST), have been investigated. Energy storage by photoconversion of the dihydroazulene/vinylheptafulvene (DHA/VHF) photothermal couple has been evaluated. The robust nature of this system is determined through multiple energy storage and release cycles at elevated temperatures in three different solvents. In a nonpolar solvent such as toluene, the DHA/VHF system can be cycled more than 70 times with less than 0.01 % degradation per cycle. Moreover, the [Cu(CH3CN)4]PF6‐catalyzed conversion of VHF into DHA was demonstrated in a flow reactor. The performance of the DHA/VHF couple was also evaluated in prototype photoconversion devices, both in the laboratory by using a flow chip under simulated sunlight and under outdoor conditions by using a parabolic mirror. Device experiments demonstrated a solar energy storage efficiency of up to 0.13 % in the chip device and up to 0.02 % in the parabolic collector. Avenues for future improvements and optimization of the system are also discussed.
Silibinin affects the pharmacokinetics of methadone in rats
Authors: Pan Pei‐Pei , Wang Jun , Luo Jun , Wang Shuang‐Hu , Zhou Yun‐Fang , Chen Sai‐Zhen , Du Zhou 
Published: June 2017

The aim of the present study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic effect of silibinin on methadone in rats. Twenty‐four male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group, single dose of 100 mg/kg group, multiple doses of 100 mg/kg group, and multiple doses of 30 mg/kg group. A single dose of 6 mg/kg methadone was administrated to rats orally without or with silibinin. Plasma samples were collected via tail vein at different time points and concentrations of methadone and its metabolite, 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐diphenylpyrrolidine (EDDP), were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Compared with the control group (without silibinin), both 30 and 100 mg/kg silibinin significantly increased the Cmax of methadone, but only 100 mg/kg silibinin significantly increased the AUC(0‐t) of methadone and decreased its clearance. Pharmacokinetics parameters of EDDP were not altered by 30 mg/kg silibinin; its Tmax was decreased by 100 mg/kg silibinin and the Cmax was increased by single dose of 100 mg/kg silibinin. It is concluded that silibinin significantly altered the pharmacokinetics of methadone in rats by increasing the exposure of methadone. Further investigations in human should be conducted. Therapeutic drug monitoring of methadone in individuals undergoing methadone maintenance therapy is recommended when silibinin is concomitant.
Treatment of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder in a cohort of young patients in a partial hospitalization program for eating disorders
Authors: Ornstein Rollyn M. , Essayli Jamal H. , Nicely Terri A. , Masciulli Emily , Lane‐Loney Susan 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectiveAvoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) is a recently named condition to classify patients who present with restricted nutritional intake without body image distortion or fear of weight gain. We sought to compare treatment outcomes of patients with ARFID in a family‐centered partial hospital program (PHP) to those with other eating disorders (ED).MethodA retrospective chart review of 130 patients 7–17 years of age admitted to the program from 2008 to 2012 was performed. Intake and discharge data included: length of stay; percentage median body mass index (%MBMI); and scores on the Children's Eating Attitudes Test (ChEAT) and Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale (RCMAS). Between and within group effects were measured for intake and discharge data.ResultsPatients with ARFID spent significantly fewer weeks in program than those with anorexia nervosa (AN) and experienced a similar increase in %MBMI as patients with AN and other specified/unspecified feeding and eating disorders. All patients exhibited significant improvements in psychopathology over the course of treatment as measured by scores on the ChEAT and RCMAS.DiscussionOur findings suggest that patients with ARFID can be successfully treated in the same PHP as patients with other ED, with comparable improvements in weight and psychopathology over a shorter time period. Results are limited to patients with ARFID who exhibit an acute onset of severe food restriction. Future research should incorporate measures relevant to the diagnosis of ARFID and explore how patients with different ARFID subtypes may respond to various treatments.
Mangrove species' responses to winter air temperature extremes in China
Authors: Chen Luzhen , Wang Wenqing , Li Qingshun Q. , Zhang Yihui , Yang Shengchang , Osland Michael J. , Huang Jinliang , Peng Congjiao 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe global distribution and diversity of mangrove forests is greatly influenced by the frequency and intensity of winter air temperature extremes. However, our understanding of how different mangrove species respond to winter temperature extremes has been lacking because extreme freezing and chilling events are, by definition, relatively uncommon and also difficult to replicate experimentally. In this study, we investigated species‐specific variation in mangrove responses to winter temperature extremes in China. In 10 sites that span a latitudinal gradient, we quantified species‐specific damage and recovery following a chilling event, for mangrove species within and outside of their natural range (i.e., native and non‐native species, respectively). To characterize plant stress, we measured tree defoliation and chlorophyll fluorescence approximately one month following the chilling event. To quantify recovery, we measured chlorophyll fluorescence approximately nine months after the chilling event. Our results show high variation in the geographic‐ and species‐specific responses of mangroves to winter temperature extremes. While many species were sensitive to the chilling temperatures (e.g., Bruguiera sexangula and species in the Sonneratia and Rhizophora genera), the temperatures during this event were not cold enough to affect certain species (e.g., Kandelia obovata, Aegiceras corniculatum, Avicennia marina, and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). As expected, non‐native species were less tolerant of winter temperature extremes than native species. Interestingly, tidal inundation modulated the effects of chilling. In comparison with other temperature‐controlled mangrove range limits across the world, the mangrove range limit in China is unique due to the combination of the following three factors: (1) Mangrove species diversity is comparatively high; (2) winter air temperature extremes, rather than means, are particularly intense and play an important ecological role; and (3) due to afforestation and restoration efforts, several species of non‐native mangroves have been introduced beyond their natural range limits. Hence, from a global perspective, mangroves in China provide valuable opportunities to advance understanding of the effects of freezing and chilling temperatures on mangroves. Within the context of climate change, our findings provide a foundation for better understanding and preparing for mangrove species‐specific responses to future changes in the duration and intensity of winter temperature extremes.
A Calculation Method for Power System Frequency Deviation Considering Intensity of Turbulence
Authors: TAMURA JUNJI , KAWAMATA KAZUKI , TAKAHASHI RION , UMEMURA ATSUSHI , KIMURA MAMORU , THET AUNG KO 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARYAs more and more wind farms are installed in power systems around the world, frequency fluctuations due to output power variations have become a serious problem. Various countermeasures for the problem, such as battery systems, have been investigated. It is very important to evaluate the magnitude of the frequency fluctuations in order to design compensating systems. This paper presents a new and simple method to evaluate the expected value of the frequency deviation due to variations in wind farm output, which is based on the intensity of turbulence and annual probability distribution for the wind speed.
Progress and policy implication of the Insurance Programs for Catastrophic Diseases in China
Authors: Mao Wenhui , Zhang Luying , Chen Wen 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe State Council encouraged the involvement of commercial insurance companies (CICs) in the development of the Insurance Program for Catastrophic Diseases (IPCD), yet its implementation has rarely been reported. We collected literature and policy documentation and conducted interviews in 10 cities with innovative IPCD policies to understand the details of the implementation of IPCD. IPCDs are operated at the prefectural level in 14 provinces, while in 4 municipalities and 6 provinces, unified IPCDs have been implemented at higher levels. The contribution level varied from 5% to 10% of total Basic Medical Insurance (BMI) funds or CNY10‐35 per beneficiary in 2015. IPCD provides an additional 50% to 70% reimbursement rate for the expenses not covered by BMI with various settings in different locations. Two models of CIC operation of IPCD have been identified according to the financial risks shared by CICs. Either the local department of Human Resources and Social Security or a third party performs assessments of the IPCD operation, service quality, and patients' satisfaction. A number of IPCDs have been observed to use 1% to 5% of the funds as a performance‐based payment to the CIC(s). CIC involvement in operating the IPCD raises concerns regarding the security of the information of beneficiaries. Developing appropriate data sharing mechanisms between the local department of Human Resources and Social Security and CICs is still in progress. In conclusion, the IPCD relieves the financial burden on patients by providing further reimbursement, but its benefit package remains limited to the BMI reimbursable list. CICs play an important role in monitoring and supervising health service provision, yet their capacity for actuarial services or risk control is underdeveloped.