bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problems on the Evaluation of the Critical Wavelength of Sunscreens for “Broad Spectrum” Approval Brought on by Viscous Fingering During Sunscreen Application
Authors: Wakabayashi Misaki , Okano Kunihiko , Mukawa Tsubasa , Maezawa Daisuke , Masaki Hitoshi , Kuroda Akihiro , Asakura Kouichi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractWhen a viscous liquid is applied to a solid substrate, a patterned liquid layer is usually formed by the phenomenon called viscous fingering, since the moving liquid surface is in far‐from‐equilibrium conditions to let the morphological fluctuation to grow. Pseudosunscreen solutions were prepared and applied on a flat quartz plate. A spatially periodic stripe pattern was formed on the pseudosunscreen layer when a block applicator was used, whereas a flat surface layer was formed when a four‐sided applicator was used. UV absorbance of the patterned layer was lower than that of the flat layer having the same average thickness. In addition, a larger decrease in the UV absorbance by the pattern formation was observed at wavelengths at which the UV absorbance of the flat layer was large, which was consistent with theoretical simulations. In 2011, US FDA introduced a new rule using the term “Broad Spectrum” for labeling the sunscreens. The different decrease in the UV absorbance at each wavelength was found to change the critical wavelength, which is a criterion for sunscreens to be labeled as “Broad Spectrum” protection. The result of this study makes the problem on the evaluation of the critical wavelength come to the surface.
An Adaptive Spatiotemporal Smoothing Model for Estimating Trends and Step Changes in Disease Risk
Authors: Rushworth Alastair , Lee Duncan , Sarran Christophe 
Published: May 2016

SummaryStatistical models used to estimate the spatiotemporal pattern in disease risk from areal unit data represent the risk surface for each time period with known covariates and a set of spatially smooth random effects. The latter act as a proxy for unmeasured spatial confounding, whose spatial structure is often characterized by a spatially smooth evolution between some pairs of adjacent areal units whereas other pairs exhibit large step changes. This spatial heterogeneity is not consistent with existing global smoothing models, in which partial correlation exists between all pairs of adjacent spatial random effects. Therefore we propose a novel space–time disease model with an adaptive spatial smoothing specification that can identify step changes. The model is motivated by a new study of respiratory and circulatory disease risk across the set of local authorities in England and is rigorously tested by simulation to assess its efficacy. Results from the England study show that the two diseases have similar spatial patterns in risk and exhibit some common step changes in the unmeasured component of risk between neighbouring local authorities.
Concepts and Measures of Saving: Selected Issues for South Africa
Authors: Orthofer Anna 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSouth African household savings rates have been declining steadily over the last five decades, raising concerns that the population structurally under‐saves. Against the background of new saving‐enhancing policy initiatives, this paper asks to what extent the concern is founded, and whether the measurement of saving is really appropriate to guide economic policy. Comparing different macroeconomic concepts and measurements of saving, we show that the measure of saving in the national accounts (the residual between income and expenditure) understates the household savings rate compared to other measures. Specifically, an alternative measure from the balance sheets (the change in wealth) yields a significantly higher and non‐declining figure. While households have not been “putting aside” their incomes, they have nevertheless grown richer, driven largely by the appreciation of asset valuations. We also examine the impact of taking non‐financial saving and wealth into account, and conclude that household sector saving on the aggregate is significantly higher than the national accounts suggest. However, these adjusted measures are most relevant for the upper tail of the income and wealth distribution, raising important distributional concerns.
The Contribution of Social Behavior to Diabetes and Obesity: Do Health Behaviors Matter in the African‐American Community?
Authors: Towns Tangela G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe obstacles experienced by those who are overweight and suffering from associated ailments are immense. This literature review evaluates the health behaviors and the socio‐structural barriers among African‐Americans that contribute to the high prevalence of obesity and diabetes. These include behaviors of African‐Americans that contribute to diabetes such as diet behavior, social behaviors, as well as behaviors that manifest in socioeconomic status. This assessment will be used to provide insights as they pertain to African‐Americans, cultural beliefs and practices, and their impact on the development of diabetes. This review illustrates that many of the aforementioned behaviors are embedded within and are shaped by broader social structures. This literature offers policy recommendations to assist in the elimination of health disparities specifically within the African‐American community.
An alternative to dextran for the thawing of cord blood units
Authors: Cloutier Marc , Simard Carl , Jobin Christine , Fournier Diane , Néron Sonia 
Published: May 2016

BACKGROUNDPreparation of umbilical cord blood units (CBUs) for infusion requires a step of dilution or washing to reduce the toxicity of the dimethyl sulfoxide present in the freezing solution. However, the worldwide shortage of clinical‐grade dextran 40, the most widely used cord blood dilution or washing solution, prompted us to search for an alternative solution. We elected to evaluate the performance of alternative solutions that could be used as potential replacements for the dextran 40–based solution.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSFrozen CBUs were rapidly thawed and immediately diluted 1:4 in each of 10 dilution solution variants of dextran 40, Plasma‐lyte, or Hespan. We compared these alternatives by assessing viability, CD34, CD45, and colony‐forming units recovery postthaw.RESULTSA significantly lower CD34 and CD45 recovery was observed in all solutions without human serum albumin (HSA). All solutions with 5% HSA gave recovery, viability, and potency figures similar to the dextran 40/HSA solution.CONCLUSIONBased on our results and considering that Plasma‐lyte A (PA)/HSA is already used for the thawing of CD34 from mobilized blood, we conclude that PA/HSA could be a safe and efficient solution for the replacement of dextran 40–based dilution solutions.
Quantitative and qualitative leukocyte abnormalities in dogs with experimental and naturally occurring acute canine monocytic ehrlichiosis
Authors: Gianopoulos Athena , Mylonakis Mathios E. , Theodorou Konstantina , Christopher Mary M. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundCanine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is one of the most important tick‐borne diseases worldwide. Cytopenias have been observed in both acute (nonmyelosuppressive) and chronic (myelosuppressive) CME; however, leukocyte abnormalities and indices have been incompletely described in dogs with acute CME.ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to analyze temporal changes in differential leukocyte counts, leukocyte morphology, myeloperoxidase index (MPXI), and lobularity index (LI) in dogs with experimental and naturally occurring acute CME.MethodsDifferential leukocyte counts and morphology were evaluated in archived blood smears from 13 Beagle dogs experimentally infected with Ehrlichia canis and evaluated weekly for 42 days postinfection (DPI); 20 dogs with naturally occurring acute CME also were evaluated. MPXI and LI were obtained from ADVIA reports. Wilcoxon tests were used to assess changes over time; leukogram results in natural cases were assessed in comparison with reference intervals.ResultsIn experimental dogs, significant decreases in neutrophil, monocyte, lymphocyte, and eosinophil counts, and a mild left shift occurred within 14 DPI. The MPXI decreased significantly between 14 and 21 DPI and remained low, while LI increased from 14 to 35 DPI. Lymphocyte counts rebounded at 21 DPI, normalizing total WBC counts. Neutrophil toxicity was seen rarely, but reactive lymphocytes were observed frequently. Dogs with natural infection had variable patterns of leukocyte changes.ConclusionsAcute CME is associated with several discrete quantitative and qualitative leukogram changes indicative of concurrent inflammation, antigenic stimulation, and stress. Changes in MPXI and LI warrant further investigation in dogs with CME and other diseases.
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: May 2016

Reviewer Acknowledgements International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from January 1, 2015, to June 30, 2015. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Redfame Publishing appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Anna Maria Mouza Begoña Montero-Fleta Christine Barrow Emanuel Boussios Gamal Ibraheem Ghadah AlMurshidi Jasmine Harvey Jianquan Cheng Kareen Tonsing Ludmila Ribeiro Luigia Simona Sica Manzoor Khan Afridi, Mariano D. Perelman Matthew Dabros Mei-Se Chien Michael Brooks Mohd. Noor Mat Yazid MUTABAZI Placide Parveen Kaur Patricia Wiener Paulito Valeriano Hilario Raymond Chan Robert Costello Roberto Franzini Tibaldeo Yaghoob Foroutan Zitha Mokomane
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: May 2016

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue. Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 1 Abdul Azim Akhtar Abdul Zahoor Khan Ali Massoud Benedict Chico Agoha Imran Ali Sandano Jangraiz Khan Jehu Onyekwere Nnaji Jenny Tonsing Julia M. Mack K.O. Aramide Katja Eman Linda Chernus Manzoor Khan Afridi Maria Virginia G Aguilar Ombretta Caldarice Paula Hanasz Priyono Rachita Shrivastava Roy Seyyedeh Mina Hamedi Hamedi Zitha Mokomane James Young Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Reviewer Acknowledgements
Authors: Young James 
Published: May 2016

International Journal of Social Science Studies (IJSSS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether IJSSS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 4, Number 5 Abdul Azim Akhtar Abdul Zahoor Khan Ahmet Yıkmış Aslan,Yasin Begoña Montero-Fleta Dipankar Chatterjee Hanaa Youssef Shaarawy Henry Poduthas Jehu Onyekwere Nnaji Julia M. Mack Małgorzata Haładewicz Maria Virginia G Aguilar Michael Brooks Muharrem Ekşi Nasir M. Ali Oluwagbemiga Paul Agboola Ombretta Caldarice Patricia Wiener Priyono Rachita Shrivastava Roy Sanro Serpa Zitha Mokomane Zlatan Begić James Young Editorial Assistant On behalf of, The Editorial Board of International Journal of Social Science Studies Redfame Publishing 9450 SW Gemini Dr. #99416 Beaverton, OR 97008, USA URL: http://ijsss.redfame.com
Physical Activity in People With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review of Correlates
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Richards Justin , Stubbs Brendon , Akello Grace , Gbiri Caleb Ademola , Ward Philip B. , Rosenbaum Simon 
Published: May 2016

Background:People with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are more likely than the general population to be physically inactive. The present review systematically evaluated correlates of physical activity across the socioecological model for people with PTSD.Methods:Two independent reviewers searched Embase, PubMed, PsycARTICLES, and CINAHL from inception until June 2015, combining the medical subject heading “posttraumatic stress disorder” or “PTSD,” with “physical activity” or “exercise.” Data were extracted by the same independent researchers and summarized according to the socioecological model.Results:Eight papers involving 1368 (994 men) participants (age range = 18–70 years) were eligible and enabled evaluation of 21 correlates. The only correlate (n ≥ 4) consistently associated with lower physical activity participation in people with PTSD was symptoms of hyperarousal. No consistent facilitators were identified.Conclusions:Hyperarousal symptoms are associated with lower physical activity participation among people with PTSD and should be considered in the design and delivery of individualized exercise programs targeting this population. The role of social, environmental, and policy factors on physical activity participation among people with PTSD is unknown and should be addressed by future research.
Lower Odds of Poststroke Symptoms of Depression When Physical Activity Guidelines Met: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012
Authors: Aaron Stacey E. , Gregory Chris M. , Simpson Annie N. 
Published: May 2016

Background:One-third of individuals with stroke report symptoms of depression, which has a negative impact on recovery. Physical activity (PA) is a potentially effective therapy. Our objective was to examine the associations of subjectively assessed PA levels and symptoms of depression in a nationally representative stroke sample.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study of 175 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011–2012 cycle. Moderate, vigorous, and combination equivalent PA metabolic equivalent (MET)-minutes per week averages were derived from the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, and .the 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines/American College of Sports Medicine recommendations of ≥500 MET-minutes per week of moderate, vigorous, or combination equivalent PA were used as cut points. Depression symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Results:Meeting moderate PA guidelines resulted in 74% lower odds of having depression symptoms (P < .0001) and 89% lower odds of major symptoms of depression (P = .0003). Meeting vigorous guidelines showed a 91% lower odds of having mild symptoms of depression (P = .04). Participating in some moderate, vigorous, or combination equivalent PA revealed the odds of depression symptoms 13 times greater compared with meeting guidelines (P = .005); odds of mild symptoms of depression were 9 times greater (P = .01); and odds of major symptoms of depression were 15 times greater (P = .006).Conclusions:There is a lower risk of developing mild symptoms of depression when vigorous guidelines for PA are met and developing major symptoms of depression when moderate guidelines met. Participating in some PA is not enough to reduce the risk of depression symptoms.
Longitudinal Associations Between Objectively Measured Physical Activity and Development of Executive Functioning Across the Transition to First Grade
Authors: Vandenbroucke Loren , Seghers Jan , Verschueren Karine , Wijtzes Anne I. , Baeyens Dieter 
Published: May 2016

Background:The current study investigates how children’s amount of daily physical activity relates to subcomponents of executive functions, the cognitive processes needed for goal-directed behavior. Previous studies rarely determined this association at the subcomponent level and did not explicitly examine the period when children make the transition to first grade, despite its importance for the development of executive functions.Methods:In a sample of 54 children, working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility were thoroughly measured at the subcomponent level at the end of kindergarten and first grade. In the middle of first grade, children wore a pedometer for 7 consecutive days.Results:Regression analyses showed that performance on a measure of the visuospatial sketchpad, the central executive, and fluency was predicted by children’s amount of daily physical activity after controlling for initial task performance.Conclusions:The development of the visuospatial sketchpad (working memory), the central executive (working memory), and fluency (cognitive flexibility) might be improved by increasing the amount of time being physically active. However, as other subcomponents of executive functioning were not affected, the role of other aspects of physical activity, such as intensity and content, in the development of executive functions should be further investigated.
Capital Turístico e as Teorias Sociais de Marx, Bourdieu e Putnam
Authors: Taveira Marcelo da Silva 
Published: May 2016

A finalidade dessa análise é promover o debate teórico-metodológico sobre as bases conceituais da construção de um novo conceito no campo do saber turístico, denominado de capital turístico. Tal assunto tem como intuito o aprofundamento empírico e teórico desse conceito, cuja inspiração deu-se a partir das teorias sociais de Karl Marx (capital econômico), Pierre Bourdieu (capital simbólico) e Robert Putnam (capital social). Nessa perspectiva, entende-se que o capital turístico é o legado econômico, social e simbólico proporcionado por fatores técnicos, científicos, informacionais, empresariais e públicos, com participação de organizações governamentais e não governamentais e das comunidades, materializado e desenvolvido em lugares apropriados pelo turismo articulados com os outros lugares. Entretanto, fez-se necessário uso da abordagem metodológica de natureza qualitativa e análise crítica para o processo reflexivo da discussão aqui posta. Assim, o conceito de capital turístico apresenta-se como mais uma contribuição teórica aos estudos e pesquisas para a melhor compreensão do fenômeno turístico no cenário contemporâneo.
Local Application of Leptin Antagonist Attenuates Angiotensin II–Induced Ascending Aortic Aneurysm and Cardiac Remodeling
Authors: Ben‐Zvi Danny , Savion Naphtali , Kolodgie Frank , Simon Amos , Fisch Sudeshna , Schäfer Katrin , Bachner‐Hinenzon Noa , Cao Xin , Gertler Arieh , Solomon Gili , Kachel Erez , Raanani Ehud , Lavee Jacob , Kotev Emeth Shlomo , Virmani Renu , Schoen Frederick J. , Schneiderman Jacob 
Published: May 2016

Background

Ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm (
ATAA
) is driven by angiotensin
II
(Ang
II
) and contributes to the development of left ventricular (
LV
) remodeling through aortoventricular coupling. We previously showed that locally available leptin augments Ang
II
‐induced abdominal aortic aneurysms in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice. We hypothesized that locally synthesized leptin mediates Ang
II
‐induced
ATAA
.

Methods and Results

Following demonstration of leptin synthesis in samples of human
ATAA
associated with different etiologies, we modeled in situ leptin expression in apolipoprotein E–deficient mice by applying exogenous leptin on the surface of the ascending aorta. This treatment resulted in local aortic stiffening and dilation,
LV
hypertrophy, and thickening of aortic/mitral valve leaflets. Similar results were obtained in an Ang
II
‐infusion
ATAA
mouse model. To test the dependence of Ang
II
‐induced aortic and
LV
remodeling on leptin activity, a leptin antagonist was applied to the ascending aorta in Ang
II
‐infused mice. Locally applied single low‐dose leptin antagonist moderated Ang
II
‐induced ascending aortic dilation and protected mice from
ATAA
rupture. Furthermore,
LV
hypertrophy was attenuated and thickening of aortic valve leaflets was moderated. Last, analysis of human aortic valve stenosis leaflets revealed de novo leptin synthesis, whereas exogenous leptin stimulated proliferation and promoted mineralization of human valve interstitial cells in culture.

Conclusions

Ang
II
‐induced
ATAA
is mediated by locally synthesized leptin. Aortoventricular hemodynamic coupling drives
LV
hypertrophy and promotes early aortic valve lesions, possibly mediated by valvular in situ leptin synthesis. Clinical implementation of local leptin antagonist therapy may attenuate Ang
II
‐induced
ATAA
and moderate related
LV
hypertrophy and pre–aortic valve stenosis lesions.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/
. Unique identifier:
NCT
00449306.
Modeling Long-Period Swell in Southern California: Practical Boundary Conditions from Buoy Observations and Global Wave Model Predictions
Authors: Crosby Sean C. , O’Reilly William C. , Guza Robert T. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAccurate, unbiased, high-resolution (in space and time) nearshore wave predictions are needed to drive models of beach erosion; coastal flooding; and alongshore transport of sediment, biota, and pollutants. On sheltered shorelines, wave predictions are sensitive to the directions of onshore propagating waves, and nearshore model prediction error is often dominated by directional uncertainty offshore. Here, regional wave model skill in highly sheltered Southern California is compared for different offshore boundary conditions created from offshore buoy observations and global wave model hindcasts [NOAA WaveWatch III (WW3)]. Spectral ray-tracing methods are used to transform incident offshore swell (0.04–0.09 Hz) energy at high directional resolution (1°). Model skill is assessed for predictions (wave height, direction, directional spread, and alongshore radiation stress) at 16 nearshore buoy sites between 2000 and 2009. Buoy-derived boundary conditions using various estimators (maximum entropy, maximum smoothness) have similar skill and all outperform WW3-derived boundary conditions. A new method for estimating offshore boundary conditions, CMB-ADJ, combines buoy observations with WW3 predictions. Although CMB-ADJ skill is comparable to buoy-only methods, it may be more robust in varying regions and wave climatologies, and will benefit from future improvements in global wave model (GWM) predictions. A case study at Oceanside Harbor shows strong sensitivity of alongshore sediment transport estimates to the boundary condition method. However, patterns in alongshore gradients of transport (e.g., the location of model accretion and erosion zones) are similar across methods. Weak, tidally modulated coastal reflection is evident in both shallow and deep buoy observations, and significantly increases the observed directional spread.