bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling Discharge and Sediment Yield at Catchment Scale Using Connectivity Components
Authors: Masselink Rens J. H. , Keesstra Saskia D. , Temme Arnaud J. A. M. , Seeger Manuel , Giménez Rafael , Casalí Javier 
Published: March 2016

AbstractKnowledge about connectivity and what affects it, through space and time, is needed for taking appropriate action at the right place and/or time by stakeholders. Various conceptual frameworks for hydrological and sediment connectivity have been developed in recent years. For most of these frameworks, the objective was to conceptualise connectivity, not necessarily to infer it from measurements. Studies focussing on measurements of connectivity have so far not been done often. Because of lack of data on connectivity, few real‐world data have been used in recent connectivity modelling studies. The aim of this study was to demonstrate that existing data can be used to assess governing factors of connectivity, and how these change over time. Data from three catchments in Navarre, Northern Spain, were used to assess factors that influence hydrologic and sediment connectivity. These factors were used as components in a linear model for discharge and suspended‐sediment yield. Three components of connectivity were distinguished: topographical, biological and soil. Changes in the topographical component for the studied periods were considered relatively small, and, therefore, kept constant. Changes in the biological component were determined using the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index. Changes in the soil component were assessed using an Antecedent Precipitation Index. Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency coefficients were between 0·49 through 0·62 for the discharge models and between 0·23 through 0·3 for the sediment‐yield models. We recommend applying the model at smaller spatial scales than catchment scale to minimise the lumping of spatial variability in the components. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benthic‐pelagic coupling drives non‐seasonal zooplankton blooms and restructures energy flows in shallow tropical lakes
Authors: Burian Alfred , Schagerl Michael , Yasindi Andrew , Singer Gabriel , Kaggwa Mary Nakabungo , Winder Monika 
Published: March 2016

AbstractZooplankton blooms are a frequent phenomenon in tropical systems. However, drivers of bloom formation and the contribution of emerging resting eggs are largely unexplored. We investigated the dynamics and the triggers of rotifer blooms in African soda‐lakes and assessed their impact on other trophic levels. A meta‐analysis of rotifer peak densities including abundances of up to 6 × 105 individuals L−1 demonstrated that rotifer bloom formation was uncoupled from the food environment and the seasonality of climatic conditions. A time series with weekly sampling intervals from Lake Nakuru (Kenya) revealed that intrinsic growth factors (food quality and the physicochemical environment) significantly affected rotifer population fluctuations, but were of minor importance for bloom formation. Instead, rotifer bloom formation was linked to sediment resuspension, a prerequisite for hatching of resting‐eggs. Population growth rates exceed pelagic birth rates and simulations of rotifer dynamics confirmed the quantitative importance of rotifer emergence from the sediment egg‐bank and signifying a decoupling of bloom formation from pelagic reproduction. Rotifer blooms led to a top‐down control of small‐sized algae and facilitated a switch to more grazing‐resistant, filamentous cyanobacteria. This shift in phytoplankton composition cascaded up the food chain and triggered the return of filter‐feeding flamingos. Calculations of consequent changes in the lake's energy budget and export of aquatic primary production to terrestrial ecosystems demonstrated the large potential impact of nonseasonal disturbances on the functioning of shallow tropical lakes.
DOPC‐Detergent Conjugates: Fusogenic Carriers for Improved In Vitro and In Vivo Gene Delivery
Authors: Pierrat Philippe , Casset Anne , Kereselidze Dimitri , Lux Marie , Pons Françoise , Lebeau Luc 
Published: March 2016

Phospholipid‐detergent conjugates are proposed as fusogenic carriers for gene delivery. Eleven compounds are prepared and their properties are investigated. The ability of the conjugates to promote fusion with a negatively charged model membrane is determined. Their DNA delivery efficiency and cytotoxicity are assessed in vitro. Lipoplexes are administered in the mouse lung, and transgene expression Indeterminate inflammatory activity are measured. The results show that conjugation of 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphocholine (DOPC) with C12E4 produces a carrier that can efficiently deliver DNA to cells, with negligible ­associated toxicity. Fusogenicity of the conjugates shows good correlation with in vitro transfection efficiency and crucially depends on the length of the polyether moiety of the detergent. Finally, DOPC‐C12E4 reveals highly potent for in vivo DNA delivery and favorably compares to GL67A, the current golden standard for gene delivery to the airway, opening the way for further promising developments.
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Morphological Evolution of Polystyrene/Poly­ethylene Blend Induced by Strong Second Melt Penetration
Authors: Zhang Rui‐Yan , Yang Wei , Xia Xiao‐Chao , Zhu Chun‐Xia , He Shan , Huang Yan‐Hao , Liu Zheng‐Ying , Fu Xiao‐Rong , Feng Jian‐Ming , Yang Ming‐Bo 
Published: March 2016

Recently, a melt penetration process in which one kind of polymer melt severely penetrated by a second polymer melt is achieved in our home‐made multimelt multi‐injection molding instrument. The morphologies of polystyrene (PS)/polyethylene blends are observed to study the characteristics of melt flow during melt penetration. For comparison, the morphologies of dispersed phase in injection molded samples with only the “first” melt injection process (FIM) and only the “second” melt (SIM) are also examined. In the penetrated layer, the dispersed phases PS deforms much more in comparison to those in the molding parts by FIM and SIM processes, which can be ascribed to a larger deformation induced by the second flow via melt penetration. In the penetrating layer, the deformity degree of PS is less than those in the molding parts during SIM processes, owing to the resistance of the “first” melt.
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A study of raindrop size distribution during stratiform rain and development of its parameterization scheme in the framework of multi‐parameter observations
Authors: Sarma Anal Chandra , Deshamukhya Atri , Narayana Rao T. , Sharma Sanjay 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTA study was carried out to investigate the rain drop size distribution (DSD) characteristics during strong bright band (SBB), weak bright band (WBB) and no bright band (NBB) regimes of stratiform rain by using an L‐band wind profiler and Joss–Waldvogel disdrometer at Gadanki (13.5°N, 79.20°E), a tropical station in India. The stratiform events with SBB (bright band width >0.49 km) are associated with larger mean drops (Dm) at ground level compared with WBB and NBB situations. Different shapes of raindrop DSDs during these three situations suggest different microphysical processes involved in the evolution of rain DSDs. During SBB regimes, the raindrop spectrum, which is found to be governed predominantly by an aggregation process, is size controlled. On the other hand, during WBB regimes, the raindrop spectrum, which is found to be governed predominantly by a riming process, is number controlled. A new rain DSD parameterization scheme, P (Z, N0*), is proposed in the framework of multi‐parameter radar observation. The considered parameters are radar reflectivity factor (Z) and normalized scale parameter (N0*). These two parameters are found to be mutually independent. Reasonable improvement in the estimation of rain intensity is observed by the developed P(Z, N0*) scheme compared with P(Z) and P(Z, Dm). The rain DSDs simulated by the developed P(Z, N0*) scheme are in good agreement with the observed spectrum.
The asymptotic behavior of Caputo delta fractional equations
Authors: Baoguo Jia 
Published: March 2016

Consider the following ν‐th order Caputo delta fractional equation

urn:x-wiley:mma:media:mma3920:mma3920-math-0001
The following asymptotic results are obtained. This shows that the solutions of the Caputo delta fractional equation
, with x(a) > 0 have similar asymptotic behavior with the solutions of the first‐order delta difference equation Δx(t) = cx(t),c >− 1. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Brazil nut consumption modulates Nrf2 expression in hemodialysis patients: A pilot study
Authors: Cardozo Ludmila F. M. F. , Stockler‐Pinto Milena B. , Mafra Denise 
Published: March 2016

ScopePrevious studies showed that the supplementation with Brazil nut is effective in improving Se status, reduce oxidative stress, and inflammation in hemodialysis (HD) patients. As the nutritional compounds may promote the reduction of inflammation by activation of nuclear factor E2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of Brazil nut supplementation on Nrf2 activation in HD patients.Methods and resultsThirteen HD patients received one Brazil nut supplementation per day for 3 months and were compared to 12 HD patients without supplementation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and processed for expression of nuclear factor kappa B, Nrf2, and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) by quantitative real‐time PCR. Plasma malondialdehyde, C‐reactive protein and IL‐6 levels were measured before and after supplementation. The Nrf2 expression increased and nuclear factor kappa B expression reducedpost supplementation. In addition, the cytokines and malondialdehyde levels decreased significantly. No significant alterations were found in the control group.ConclusionThis preliminary result indicates the effectiveness of Brazil nut supplementation on human Nrf2 activation in HD patients and could be a possible explanation for the beneficial effects of this nut as a bioactive compound.
Molecular dynamics and composition of crude oil by low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Jia Zijian , Xiao Lizhi , Wang Zhizhan , Liao Guangzhi , Zhang Yan , Liang Can 
Published: March 2016

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques are widely used to identify pure substances and probe protein dynamics. Oil is a complex mixture composed of hydrocarbons, which have a wide range of molecular size distribution. Previous work show that empirical correlations of relaxation times and diffusion coefficients were found for simple alkane mixtures, and also the shape of the relaxation and diffusion distribution functions are related to the composition of the fluids. The 2D NMR is a promising qualitative evaluation method for oil composition. But uncertainty in the interpretation of crude oil indicated further study was required. In this research, the effect of each composition on relaxation distribution functions is analyzed in detail. We also suggest a new method for prediction of the rotational correlation time distribution of crude oil molecules using low field NMR (LF‐NMR) relaxation time distributions. A set of down‐hole NMR fluid analysis system is independently designed and developed for fluid measurement. We illustrate this with relaxation–relaxation correlation experiments and rotational correlation time distributions on a series of hydrocarbon mixtures that employ our laboratory‐designed downhole NMR fluid analyzer. The LF‐NMR is a useful tool for detecting oil composition and monitoring oil property changes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CABCOCO1, a novel coiled‐coil protein With calcium‐binding activity, is localized in the sperm flagellum
Authors: Kawashima Akihiro , Kigoshi Takumi , Katoh Yuki , Ishikawa Yu , Shawki Hossam H. , Inoue Naoya , Tamba Michiko , Matsuda Manabu , Okamura Naomichi 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe gene 1700040L02Rik (GenBank accession number NM_028491, NP_082767.1) was selected by in silico screening as candidate that encodes a calcium‐binding protein in sperm from a database of predicted mouse cilia‐related genes. The predicted amino acid sequence revealed the presence of coiled‐coil domain at the C‐terminus and a CLAMP motif containing a leucine zipper domain in the middle of the protein. Assessment of a recombinant version of this protein by Stains‐all and ruthenium red staining and by direct measurement of terbium binding revealed its calcium‐binding activities. We therefore named this protein CABCOCO1 for calcium‐binding coiled‐coil protein‐1. Immunohistochemical analyses showed its localization in spermatogenic cells of mouse testis. CABCOCO1 was first observed in the cytoplasm of murine spermatocytes, concentrated around centrioles of spermatids and co‐localized with the centrosomal protein pericentrin. During the stage when centrosome number is reduced, CABCOCO1 relocalized to the murine sperm flagellum. On the other hand, in porcine sperm, whose proximal centriole remains intact while the distal centriole degenerates during spermiogenesis, CABCOCO1 localized both in the basal body and the flagellum. These results suggested that CABCOCO1 is involved in the control of sperm flagellar movement. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 83: 912–926, 2016 © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Simultaneous multi‐angular relaxometry of tissue with MRI (SMART MRI): Theoretical background and proof of concept
Authors: Sukstanskii Alexander L. , Wen Jie , Cross Anne H. , Yablonskiy Dmitriy A. 
Published: March 2016

PurposeAccurate measurement of tissue‐specific relaxation parameters is an ultimate goal of quantitative MRI. The objective of this study is to introduce a new technique, simultaneous multiangular relaxometry of tissue with MRI (SMART MRI), which provides naturally coregistered quantitative spin density, longitudinal and transverse relaxation rate constant maps along with parameters characterizing magnetization transfer (MT) effects.Theory and MethodsSMART MRI is based on a gradient‐recalled echo MRI sequence with multiple flip angles and multiple gradient echoes and a derived theoretical expression for the MR signal generated in this experimental conditions. The theory, based on Bloch‐McConnell equations, takes into consideration cross‐relaxation between two water pools: “free” and “bound” to macromolecules. It describes the role of cross‐relaxation effects in formation of longitudinal and transverse relaxation of “free” water signal, thus providing background for measurements of these effects without using MT pulses. Bayesian analysis is used to optimize SMART MRI sequence parameters.ResultsData obtained on three participants demonstrate feasibility of the proposed approach.ConclusionSMART MRI provides quantitative measurements of longitudinal and transverse relaxation rate constants of “free” water signal affected by cross‐relaxation effects. It also provides information on some essential MT parameters without requiring off‐resonance MT pulses. Magn Reson Med 77:1296–1306, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
4D respiratory motion‐compensated image reconstruction of free‐breathing radial MR data with very high undersampling
Authors: Rank Christopher M. , Heußer Thorsten , Buzan Maria T. A. , Wetscherek Andreas , Freitag Martin T. , Dinkel Julien , Kachelrieß Marc 
Published: March 2016

PurposeTo develop four‐dimensional (4D) respiratory time‐resolved MRI based on free‐breathing acquisition of radial MR data with very high undersampling.MethodsWe propose the 4D joint motion‐compensated high‐dimensional total variation (4D joint MoCo‐HDTV) algorithm, which alternates between motion‐compensated image reconstruction and artifact‐robust motion estimation at multiple resolution levels. The algorithm is applied to radial MR data of the thorax and upper abdomen of 12 free‐breathing subjects with acquisition times between 37 and 41 s and undersampling factors of 16.8. Resulting images are compared with compressed sensing‐based 4D motion‐adaptive spatio‐temporal regularization (MASTeR) and 4D high‐dimensional total variation (HDTV) reconstructions.ResultsFor all subjects, 4D joint MoCo‐HDTV achieves higher similarity in terms of normalized mutual information and cross‐correlation than 4D MASTeR and 4D HDTV when compared with reference 4D gated gridding reconstructions with 8.4 ± 1.1 times longer acquisition times. In a qualitative assessment of artifact level and image sharpness by two radiologists, 4D joint MoCo‐HDTV reveals higher scores (P < 0.05) than 4D HDTV and 4D MASTeR at the same undersampling factor and the reference 4D gated gridding reconstructions, respectively.Conclusions4D joint MoCo‐HDTV enables time‐resolved image reconstruction of free‐breathing radial MR data with undersampling factors of 16.8 while achieving low‐streak artifact levels and high image sharpness. Magn Reson Med 77:1170–1183, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
Numerical modeling of combined effects of upward and downward propagation of shear bands on stability of slopes with sensitive clay
Authors: Dey R. , Hawlader B. , Phillips R. , Soga K. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryModeling of progressive development of zones of large inelastic shear deformation (shear band) that results from strain‐softening behavior of sensitive clays could explain the failure mechanisms of large landslides. Because of toe erosion, a shear band can be initiated and propagated upward (inward) from the river bank. On the other hand, upslope surcharge loading could generate shear bands that might propagate down towards the river bank. In the present study, upward and downward propagation of shear bands and failure of sensitive clay slopes are modeled using the Coupled Eulerian Lagrangian approach in Abaqus finite element (FE) software. It is shown that the formation and propagation of shear bands are significantly influenced by kinematic constraints that change with displacements of the soil masses, and therefore the propagation of an existing shear band might be stopped and new shear bands could be formed. The main advantages of the present FE modeling are: (i) extremely large strains in the shear bands can be successfully simulated without numerical issues, (ii) a priori definition of shearing zones is not required to tackle severe strains; instead, the FE program automatically identifies the critical locations for shear band formation and propagation. Toe erosion could significantly increase the slope failure potential because of upslope surcharge loading. FE analyses with a thick and thin sensitive clay layers show that the global failure could occur at lower surcharge loads in the former as compared to the latter cases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unified reliability analysis by active learning Kriging model combining with random‐set based Monte Carlo simulation method
Authors: Yang Xufeng , Liu Yongshou , Gao Yi 
Published: March 2016

SummaryReliability analysis with both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties is investigated in this paper. The aleatory uncertainties are described with random variables, and epistemic uncertainties are tackled with evidence theory. To estimate the bounds of failure probability, several methods have been proposed. However, the existing methods suffer the dimensionality challenge of epistemic variables. To get rid of this challenge, a so‐called random‐set based Monte Carlo simulation (RS‐MCS) method derived from the theory of random sets is offered. Nevertheless, RS‐MCS is also computational expensive. So an active learning Kriging (ALK) model that only rightly predicts the sign of performance function is introduced and closely integrated with RS‐MCS. The proposed method is termed as ALK‐RS‐MCS. ALK‐RS‐MCS accurately predicts the bounds of failure probability using as few function calls as possible. Moreover, in ALK‐RS‐MCS, an optimization method based on Karush–Kuhn–Tucker conditions is proposed to make the estimation of failure probability interval more efficient based on the Kriging model. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed approach are demonstrated with four examples. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Peer review and the publication process
Authors: Ali Parveen Azam , Watson Roger 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimsTo provide an overview of the peer review process, its various types, selection of peer reviewers, the purpose and significance of the peer review with regard to the assessment and management of quality of publications in academic journals.DesignDiscussion paper.MethodsThis paper draws on information gained from literature on the peer review process and the authors' knowledge and experience of contributing as peer reviewers and editors in the field of health care, including nursing.ResultsThere are various types of peer review: single blind; double blind; open; and post‐publication review. The role of the reviewers in reviewing manuscripts and their contribution to the scientific and academic community remains important.
Intuitive eating is inversely associated with body weight status in the general population‐based NutriNet‐Santé study
Authors: Camilleri Géraldine M. , Méjean Caroline , Bellisle France , Andreeva Valentina A. , Kesse‐Guyot Emmanuelle , Hercberg Serge , Péneau Sandrine 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between intuitive eating (IE), which includes eating in response to hunger and satiety cues rather than emotional cues and without having forbidden foods, and weight status in a large sample of adults.MethodsA total of 11,774 men and 40,389 women aged ≥18 years participating in the NutriNet‐Santé cohort were included in this cross‐sectional analysis. Self‐reported weight and height were collected as well as IE levels using the validated French version of the Intuitive Eating Scale‐2. The association between IE and weight status was assessed using multinomial logistic regression models.ResultsA higher IE score was strongly associated with lower odds of overweight or obesity in both men and women. The strongest associations were observed in women for both overweight [quartile 4 vs. 1 of IE: odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: (0.19, 0.17‐0.20)] and obesity (0.09, 0.08‐0.10). Associations in men were as follows: for overweight (0.43, 0.38‐0.48) and obesity (0.14, 0.11‐0.18).ConclusionsIE is inversely associated with overweight and obesity which supports its importance. Although no causality can be inferred from the reported associations, these data suggest that IE might be relevant for obesity prevention and treatment.
The influence of photo initiators on refractive index and glass transition temperature of optically and rheologically adjusted acrylate based polymers
Authors: Gleißner Uwe , Hanemann Thomas , Megnin Christof , Wieland Felicia 
Published: March 2016

A material system with individually adjustable rheological and optical properties is presented. The optical transmission and refractive indices of the material were modified, and viscosities were investigated at different temperatures and shear rates. Furthermore, two UV‐sensitive photo initiators were analysed with respect to their effect on the polymerization behaviour of the material system.The refractive indices of the material system were adjusted between 1.513 < nD,20 < 1.595, with optical transmittances of up to 90% within the UV‐VIS region (400 nm < λ < 800 nm). Two photo initiators, Diphenyl(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide and Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide, were investigated, and viscosity was modified at 20 °C between 0.002 Pa · s < η < 87 Pa · s. The glass transition temperature of the polymerized samples was determined to be between 40 °C and 50 °C. Results showed that Diphenyl(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide exhibited more effective polymerization compared to Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide.The addition of phenanthrene to the mixtures increased the refractive index with ∆n = 0.02, whilst the viscosity was decreased by a small amount. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.