bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
China's Growth Slowdown: Lessons from Japan's Experience and the Expected Impact on Japan, the USA and Germany
Authors: Fukao Kyoji , Yuan Tangjun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChina is switching from economic growth based on extremely rapid capital accumulation to economic growth based on structural reforms and accelerated total factor productivity growth. Meanwhile, China will also face a serious excess saving problem as capital accumulation slows and, hence, needs to reduce its private saving rate. Based on this analysis, we estimated the economic impact of China's growth slowdown and hypothetical economic transformation on Japan, the USA and Germany using the world input–output database. We compared the following three scenarios for China's final demand in 2020 and economic growth from 2015 to 2020: (i) an optimistic scenario (GDP growth rate = 6.2%, investment/GDP = 0.501); (ii) a slowdown scenario (GDP growth rate = 4%, investment/GDP = 0.501); and (iii) a structural reform scenario (GDP growth rate = 6.2%, investment/GDP = 0.3). Our analysis suggests that Japan and Germany would suffer more from structural reforms in China than from a slowdown in growth. Meanwhile, for the USA, the employment decline triggered by structural reforms would be much smaller than the employment decline caused by a slowdown in growth.
Addition of or switch to insulin therapy in people treated with glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists: A real‐world study in 66 583 patients
Authors: Montvida Olga , Klein Kerenaftali , Kumar Sudhesh , Khunti Kamlesh , Paul Sanjoy K. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundReal world outcomes of addition or switch to insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients on glucagon‐like paptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1RA) with inadequately controlled hyperglycaemia, are not known.Materials and methodsPatients with T2DM (n = 66 583) with a minimum of 6 months of GLP‐1RA treatment and without previous insulin treatment were selected. Those who added insulin (n = 39 599) or switched to insulin after GLP‐1RA cessation (n = 4706) were identified. Adjusted changes in glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and LDL cholesterol were estimated over 24 months follow‐up.ResultsAmong those who continued with GLP‐1RA treatment without adding or switching to insulin, the highest adjusted mean HbA1c change was achieved within 6 months, with no further glycaemic benefits observed during 24 months of follow‐up. Addition of insulin within 6 months of GLP‐1RA initiation was associated with 18% higher odds of achieving HbA1c <7% at 24 months, compared with adding insulin later. At 24 months, those who added insulin reduced HbA1c significantly by 0.55%, while no glycaemic benefit was observed in those who switched to insulin. Irrespective of intensification with insulin, weight, SBP and LDL cholesterol were significantly reduced by 3 kg, 3 mm Hg, and 0.2 mmol/L, respectively, over 24 months.ConclusionsSignificant delay in intensification of treatment by addition of insulin is observed in patients with T2DM inadequately controlled with GLP‐1RA. Earlier addition of insulin is associated with better glycaemic control, while switching to insulin is not clinically beneficial during 2 years of treatment. Non‐responding patients on GLP‐1RA would benefit from adding insulin therapy, rather than switching to insulin.
Fracture Characteristics and Damage Evolution of Coating Systems Under Four‐Point Bending
Authors: Liu Haiyan , Liang Lihong , Wang Yingbiao , Wei Yueguang 
Published: September 2016

The fracture and damage behaviors of ceramic coating/alloy substrate systems under four‐point bending were investigated using a scanning electron microscope to observe in situ tests. Both the thin and thick coatings fractured by tensile instability at the pure bending sections, and multiple transverse cracks that were vertical to the interface occurred in the coatings. The average crack spacing was greater for the thick coatings than for the thin ones. A catastrophic failure model was developed to explain the damage evolution behavior of the coatings. The damage was found to increase sharply near the failure point.
Social workers’ policy engagement: A review of the literature
Authors: Weiss‐Gal Idit 
Published: September 2016

The notion that social workers should engage in the policy process to further social justice is embedded in the professional discourse. However, little is known about social workers’ actual engagement in policy processes. This article presents a scoping review of the research literature published in English in order to understand the nature of current research and ascertain what is known about three modes of social workers’ policy involvement: voluntary political participation, holding elected office, policy practice. The review identified 51 studies published between 1964 and 2015. The studies focus mainly on social workers’ levels of involvement, their activities and the factors associated with the level of engagement. The review describes the main findings emerging from the research and underscores some methodological limitations in the existing studies and the continuing gaps in our knowledge on the policy engagement of social workers. Implications for future research, practice and education are presented.Key Practitioner Message: • Social workers’ engagement in policy processes in order to further social justice and the well‐being of service users is a core mission in the social work profession. However, it is much less clear whether and how social workers, both as citizens and professionals, have heeded this call; • The article offers a scoping review of the research on three modes of social workers’ policy involvement: voluntary political participation, holding elected office, policy practice; • The review identifies 51 studies that shed light on the levels of engagement, the wide range of policy activities undertaken by social workers and the individual, organisational and macro factors associated with the level of engagement.
Gelsolin role in microapocrine secretion
Authors: Silva W. , Ribeiro A. F. , Silva M. C. P. , Terra W. R. , Ferreira C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA role of gelsolin in opening the way along the microvilli for secretory vesicles during microapocrine secretion is proposed here. Data obtained with different techniques showed that many digestive enzymes are released by microapocrine secretion in insects. Proteins that might be involved in the machinery of microapocrine secretion were selected from our transcriptomes and literature searches. The proteins were annexin, Complex actin‐related proteins 2 and 3 (ARP 2/3) cofilin, fimbrin, gelsolin 1, gelsolin 2, moesin, myosin 1, myosin 6, protein disulphide isomerase 1 (PDI 1), PDI 2 and profilin. The cDNAs coding for annexin, fimbrin, gelsolin 1, myosin 1, PDI 1 and PDI 2 were cloned and their sequences deposited in GenBank. Only gelsolin 1 and myosin 1 are expressed exclusively in the midgut (semiquantitative reverse transcriptase PCR). As myosin 1 may have a structural role in microvilli, gelsolin 1 is the best guess to be involved in the secretory machinery. A truncated recombinant gelsolin 1 was used to generate antibodies with which it was shown labelling inside and around midgut cell microvilli shown in an electron microscope, reinforcing a microvillar role for gelsolin 1. Suppression of gelsolin 1 synthesis by RNA interference prevents secretory vesicles from advancing inside the microvilli, in agreement with its putative role in severing the actin filaments to free the way for the vesicles.
Part‐time employment in Jordan as a nursing policy solution
Authors: Al‐Motlaq M. , Azar N. , Squires A. 
Published: September 2016

AimExplore the potential of a part‐time work option for nurses as a strategy for managing domestic markets in Jordan by examining perceptions of working nurses and nursing students in the context of current social and cultural variables.BackgroundUnemployment among Jordanian nurses has become a reality in recent years. However, labor markets literature in nursing rarely studies what kind of policy responses should occur during a surplus of nurses.MethodsA cross‐sectional design structured the study. The perceptions of nurses and students were measured through a questionnaire developed specifically for the purpose of this exploratory study.ResultsBoth nurses (n = 51) and students (n = 56) supported the introduction of the new suggested part‐time option. However, students were more willing to start working or transfer into part‐time work, take payment on hourly basis, and support colleagues to transfer into part‐time work. Different solutions were also suggested by participants.DiscussionThe results were useful for providing the foundational data to further study the viability of a part‐time work option for Jordanian nurses. The results show how optimistic current and future Jordanian nurses are regarding this employment option. For countries that may need to diversify their employment models due to excess supply of nurses and to address gender imbalances, this work may help inform policy development.Implications for nursesBoth employed and unemployed nurses will benefit if health care managers consider its application. The flexibility of this option may help improve the quality of life of many nurses.Implications for health policyThe results of this study provide nursing leaders and managers with foundational evidence that may be applicable in the Jordanian health sector. Although further studies are recommended, nursing leaders and policy makers should consider such a solution.
Quality Group Home Care for Adults with Developmental Disabilities and/or Mental Health Disorders: Yearning for Understanding, Security and Freedom
Authors: Shipton Leah , Lashewicz Bonnie M. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to uncover and understand factors influencing quality of care received by adults with developmental disabilities and/or mental health disorders living in group homes.MethodsThe present authors conducted a secondary analysis of data from nine focus group discussions with adults with developmental disabilities and/or mental health disorders, and their family and paid caregivers (N = 52). To focus the analysis, the present authors drew on the research literature to craft a model of quality of group home care using concepts of social inclusion and self‐determination, and corresponding staff approaches that include active support and person‐centred care.ResultsSocial inclusion and self‐determination for adults in group homes are facilitated by staff approaches and manifest in residents being understood and experiencing security and freedom.ConclusionsThe present authors offer recommendations for group home resources, training, communication and outcome measures that promote residents’ being understood and experiencing security and freedom.
Equine metabolic syndrome impairs adipose stem cells osteogenic differentiation by predominance of autophagy over selective mitophagy
Authors: Marycz Krzysztof , Kornicka Katarzyna , Marędziak Monika , Golonka Paweł , Nicpoń Jakub 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAdipose‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASC) hold great promise in the treatment of many disorders including musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular and/or endocrine diseases. However, the cytophysiological condition of cells, used for engraftment seems to be fundamental factor that might determine the effectiveness of clinical therapy. In this study we investigated growth kinetics, senescence, accumulation of oxidative stress factors, mitochondrial biogenesis, autophagy and osteogenic differentiation potential of ASC isolated from horses suffered from equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). We demonstrated that EMS condition impairs multipotency/pluripotency in ASCs causes accumulation of reactive oxygen species and mitochondria deterioration. We found that, cytochrome c is released from mitochondria to the cytoplasm suggesting activation of intrinsic apoptotic pathway in those cells. Moreover, we observed up‐regulation of p21 and decreased ratio of Bcl‐2/BAX. Deteriorations in mitochondria structure caused alternations in osteogenic differentiation of ASCEMS resulting in their decreased proliferation rate and reduced expression of osteogenic markers BMP‐2 and collagen type I. During osteogenic differentiation of ASCEMS, we observed autophagic turnover as probably, an alternative way to generate adenosine triphosphate and amino acids required to increased protein synthesis during differentiation. Downregulation of PGC1α, PARKIN and PDK4 in differentiated ASCEMS confirmed impairments in mitochondrial biogenesis and function. Hence, application of ASCEMS into endocrinological or ortophedical practice requires further investigation and analysis in the context of safeness of their application.
Monetary Policy Expectations at the Zero Lower Bound
Authors: BAUER MICHAEL D. , RUDEBUSCH GLENN D. 
Published: September 2016

We show that conventional dynamic term structure models (DTSMs) estimated on recent U.S. data severely violate the zero lower bound (ZLB) on nominal interest rates and deliver poor forecasts of future short rates. In contrast, shadow‐rate DTSMs account for the ZLB by construction, capture the resulting distributional asymmetry of future short rates, and achieve good forecast performance. These models provide more accurate estimates of the most likely path for future monetary policy—including the timing of policy liftoff from the ZLB and the pace of subsequent policy tightening. We also demonstrate the benefits of including macroeconomic factors in a shadow‐rate DTSM when yields are constrained near the ZLB.
Clarifying the Association Between Mother–Father Relationship Aggression and Parenting
Authors: Nomaguchi Kei , Johnson Wendi L. , Minter Mallory D. , Aldrich Lindsey 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough much research examines the association between fathers' relationship aggression and mothers' parenting, little attention is given to mothers' aggression, mutual aggression, or fathers' parenting. Using a sample of coresiding couples from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 973), the authors examine the association between mothers' and fathers' relationship aggression, measured as frequency and perpetration–victimization types (mutual, mother only, father only), and mothers' and fathers' parenting. Fixed effects regression models show that fathers' aggression is positively related to mothers' parenting stress, whereas father‐only or mother‐only aggression is related to fathers' stress. For both parents, aggression perpetration is negatively related to their own engagement with children. Mother‐only aggression is negatively related to mothers' spanking and positively related to fathers' spanking. These findings suggest the importance of examining both parents' aggression and perpetrators' as well as victims' parenting to better understand the link between relationship aggression and parenting.
Innovative non‐invasive model for screening reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate in a working population
Authors: Wu Lan , Guo Vivian Yawei , Wong Carlos King Ho , Kung Kenny , Han Li , Wang XinLing , Luo Yunzhi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimMost of the existing risk scores for identifying people with reduced estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) involve laboratory‐based factors, which are not convenient and cost‐effective to use in a large population‐based screening programme. We aimed at using non‐invasive variables to identify subjects with reduced eGFR in a Chinese working population.MethodsTwo study populations were recruited in 2012 and 2015, respectively. The 2012 study population (n = 14 374) was randomly separated as the training dataset (n = 9621) or the internal testing dataset (n = 4753) at a ratio of 2:1, and the 2015 study population (n = 4371) was used as the external testing dataset. Stepwise logistic regression analysis with age, gender, hypertension and body mass index (BMI) status were first performed in the training dataset and then validated in both internal and external testing dataset. A nomogram was further developed based on the final model.ResultsResults showed that older females with higher BMI status were more likely to have reduced eGFR. The model had excellent discrimination (AUC: 0.887 [95%CI: 0.865, 0.909] in the internal validation and 0.880 [95%CI: 0.829, 0.931] in the external validation) and calibration (Hosmer‐Lemeshow test, P = 0.798 and 0.397 for internal and external dataset, respectively). The probability of having reduced eGFR increased gradually from <0.1% at a total score of 0 to 26% at a total score of 58 shown in the nomogram.ConclusionNon‐invasive variables could help identify individuals at high risk of reduced eGFR for further kidney function testing or intervention, aiding in decision‐making and resource allocation in large population screening.
RSL class I genes positively regulate root hair development in Oryza sativa
Authors: Kim Chul Min , Han Chang‐deok , Dolan Liam 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Root hairs are filamentous protuberances from superficial cells of plant roots that are critical for nutrient uptake. Genes encoding ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE‐SIX LIKE (RSL) class I basic helix–loop–helix proteins are expressed in future root hair cells (trichoblasts) of the Arabidopsis thaliana root where they positively regulate root hair cell development.

We characterized the function of class I genes in Oryza sativa root development.

We show that there are three RSL class I genes in O. sativa and that each is expressed in developing root hair cells. Reduction of RSL class I function results in the development of shorter root hairs than in wild‐type. Ectopic overexpression results in the development of ectopic root hair cells.

These data suggest that expression of individual RSL class I proteins is sufficient for root hair development in the cereal O. sativa (rice). Therefore RSL class I genes have been conserved since O. sativa and A. thaliana last shared a common ancestor. However, given that RSL class I genes are not sufficient for root hair development in A. thaliana, it suggests that there are differences in the mechanisms repressing RSL class I gene activity between members of the Poaceae and Brassicaceae.
MdMyb93 is a regulator of suberin deposition in russeted apple fruit skins
Authors: Legay Sylvain , Guerriero Gea , André Christelle , Guignard Cédric , Cocco Emmanuelle , Charton Sophie , Boutry Marc , Rowland Owen , Hausman Jean‐Francois 
Published: September 2016

Summary

A comparison of the transcriptomes of russeted vs nonrusseted apple skins previously highlighted a tight relationship between a gene encoding an MYB‐type transcription factor, MdMYB93, and some key suberin biosynthetic genes. The present work assesses the role of this transcription factor in the suberization process.

A phylogenetic analysis of MdMYB93 and Arabidopsis thaliana MYBs was performed and the function of MdMYB93 was further investigated using Agrobacterium‐mediated transient overexpression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. An RNA‐Seq analysis was performed to highlight the MdMYB93‐regulated genes. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography–triple time‐of‐flight (UPLC‐TripleTOF) and GC‐MS were used to investigate alterations in phenylpropanoid, soluble‐free lipid and lipid polyester contents.

A massive accumulation of suberin and its biosynthetic precursors in MdMYB93 agroinfiltrated leaves was accompanied by a remobilization of phenylpropanoids and an increased amount of lignin precursors. Gene expression profiling displayed a concomitant alteration of lipid and phenylpropanoid metabolism, cell wall development, and extracellular transport, with a large number of induced transcripts predicted to be involved in suberin deposition.

The present work supports a major role of MdMYB93 in the regulation of suberin deposition in russeted apple skins, from the synthesis of monomeric precursors, their transport, polymerization, and final deposition as suberin in primary cell wall.
Integration of light and circadian signals that regulate chloroplast transcription by a nuclear‐encoded sigma factor
Authors: Belbin Fiona E. , Noordally Zeenat B. , Wetherill Sarah J. , Atkins Kelly A. , Franklin Keara A. , Dodd Antony N. 
Published: September 2016

Summary

We investigated the signalling pathways that regulate chloroplast transcription in response to environmental signals. One mechanism controlling plastid transcription involves nuclear‐encoded sigma subunits of plastid‐encoded plastid RNA polymerase. Transcripts encoding the sigma factor SIG5 are regulated by light and the circadian clock. However, the extent to which a chloroplast target of SIG5 is regulated by light‐induced changes in SIG5 expression is unknown. Moreover, the photoreceptor signalling pathways underlying the circadian regulation of chloroplast transcription by SIG5 are unidentified.

We monitored the regulation of chloroplast transcription in photoreceptor and sigma factor mutants under controlled light regimes in Arabidopsis thaliana.

We established that a chloroplast transcriptional response to light intensity was mediated by SIG5; a chloroplast transcriptional response to the relative proportions of red and far red light was regulated by SIG5 through phytochrome and photosynthetic signals; and the circadian regulation of chloroplast transcription by SIG5 was predominantly dependent on blue light and cryptochrome.

Our experiments reveal the extensive integration of signals concerning the light environment by a single sigma factor to regulate chloroplast transcription. This may originate from an evolutionarily ancient mechanism that protects photosynthetic bacteria from high light stress, which subsequently became integrated with higher plant phototransduction networks.
Plants are less negatively affected by flooding when growing in species‐rich plant communities
Authors: Wright Alexandra J. , de Kroon Hans , Visser Eric J. W. , Buchmann Tina , Ebeling Anne , Eisenhauer Nico , Fischer Christine , Hildebrandt Anke , Ravenek Janneke , Roscher Christiane , Weigelt Alexandra , Weisser Wolfgang , Voesenek Laurentius A. C. J. , Mommer Liesje 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Flooding is expected to increase in frequency and severity in the future. The ecological consequences of flooding are the combined result of species‐specific plant traits and ecological context. However, the majority of past flooding research has focused on individual model species under highly controlled conditions.

An early summer flooding event in a grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany, provided the opportunity to assess flooding responses of 60 grassland species in monocultures and 16‐species mixtures. We examined plant biomass, species‐specific traits (plant height, specific leaf area (SLA), root aerenchyma, starch content) and soil porosity.

We found that, on average, plant species were less negatively affected by the flood when grown in higher‐diversity plots in July 2013. By September 2013, grasses were unaffected by the flood regardless of plant diversity, and legumes were severely negatively affected regardless of plant diversity. Plants with greater SLA and more root aerenchyma performed better in September. Soil porosity was higher in higher‐diversity plots and had a positive effect on plant performance.

As floods become more frequent and severe in the future, growing flood‐sensitive plants in higher‐diversity communities and in soil with greater soil aeration may attenuate the most negative effects of flooding.