bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A curious case of agreement between conventional thermobarometry and phase equilibria modelling in granulites: New constraints on P–T estimates in the Antarctica segment of the Musgrave–Albany–Fraser–Wilkes Orogen
Authors: Morrissey Laura J. , Hand Martin , Kelsey David E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Windmill Islands region in Wilkes Land, east Antarctica, preserves granulite facies metamorphic mineral assemblages that yield seemingly comparable P–T estimates from conventional thermobarometry and mineral equilibria modelling. This is uncommon in granulite facies terranes, where conventional thermobarometry and phase equilibria modelling generally produce conflicting P–T estimates because peak mineral compositions tend to be modified by retrograde diffusion processes. In situ U–Pb monazite geochronology and calculated metamorphic phase diagrams show that the Windmill Islands experienced two phases of high thermal gradient metamorphism during the Mesoproterozoic. The first phase of metamorphism is recorded by monazite ages in two widely separated samples and occurred at c. 1,305 Ma. This event was regional in extent, involved crustally derived magmatism and reached conditions of ~3.2–5 kbar and 690–770°C corresponding to very high thermal gradients of >150°C/kbar. The elevated thermal regime is interpreted to reflect a period of extension or increased extension in a back‐arc setting that existed prior to c. 1,330 Ma. The first metamorphic event was overprinted by granulite facies metamorphism at c. 1,180 Ma that was coeval with the intrusion of charnockite. This event involved peak temperatures of ~840–850°C and pressures of ~4–5 kbar. A phase of granitic magmatism at c. 1,250–1,210 Ma, prior to the intrusion of the charnockite, is interpreted to reflect a phase of compression within an overall back‐arc setting. Existing conventional thermobarometry suggests conditions of ~4 kbar and 750°C for M1 and 4–7 kbar and 750–900°C for M2. The apparent similarities between the phase equilibria modelling and existing conventional thermobarometry may suggest either that the terrane cooled relatively quickly, or that the P–T ranges obtained from conventional thermobarometry are sufficiently imprecise that they cover the range of P–T conditions obtained in this study. However, without phase equilibria modelling, the veracity of existing conventional P–T estimates cannot be evaluated. The calculated phase diagrams from this study allow the direct comparison of P–T conditions in the Windmill Islands with phase equilibria models from other regions in the Musgrave–Albany–Fraser–Wilkes Orogen. This shows that the metamorphic evolution of the Wilkes Land region is very similar to that of the eastern Albany–Fraser Orogen and Musgrave Province in Australia, and further demonstrates the remarkable consistency in the timing of metamorphism and the thermal gradients along the ~5,000 km strike length of this system.
MicroRNA‐212 inhibits oligodendrocytes during maturation by down‐regulation of differentiation‐associated gene expression
Authors: Wang Chih‐Yen , Deneen Benjamin , Tzeng Shun‐Fen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMicroRNA‐212 (mir‐212) has been reported to regulate neuronal development and functioning. However, its expression and function in glia are not yet known. Here, we demonstrate that the level of microRNA‐212 (mir‐212) was reduced in spinal cord lesion site at 1 week and 1 month after a contusive spinal cord injury. In addition to its expression in neurons, mir‐212 expression was detected in oligodendrocytes (OLGs) and glial progenitor cells (GPCs) in adult CNS. The addition of antagomir‐212 to reduce mir‐212 expression enabled to improve the cell process outgrowth of OLGs along with the up‐regulation of the genes associated with OLG differentiation and maturation, including OLIG1, SOX10, myelin basic protein (MBP), and proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1). In contrast, these genes were significantly down‐regulated by an increased expression of mir‐212 in GPCs or in OLG progenitor cells (OPCs) through lentivirus‐mediated gene delivery approach. Moreover, we found that PLP1 was the direct target molecule of mir‐212. Furthermore, mir‐212 over‐expression diminished the protein production of OLGs markers including 2′,3′‐cyclic‐nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNPase), MBP, and PLP. Additionally, mir‐212 over‐expression decreased the number of mature OLGs expressing MBP, and the expression of galactocerebroside (GC). Complementary studies in a hippocampal neuron‐OLG co‐culture model and an ex vivo cerebellar slice system indicated that OLGs derived from GPCs with mir‐212 over‐expression exhibited decreased ability to interact with neuronal axons. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that mir‐212 repressed the expression of OLG maturation‐associated proteins and inhibited OLG cell process extension, indicating that mir‐212 has negative regulatory effect on OLG lineage progression.
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Obesity‐risk behaviours and their associations with body mass index (BMI) in Korean American children
Authors: Jang Myoungock , Grey Margaret , Sadler Lois , Jeon Sangchoon , Nam Soohyun , Song Hee‐Jung , Whittemore Robin 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo describe obesity‐risk behaviours (diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviour) and examine the relationships of the obesity‐risk behaviours with body mass index (BMI) in school‐aged Korean American children.BackgroundKorean American children have a risk of becoming overweight or obese and developing obesity‐related complications; however, there is limited research about obesity‐risk behaviours in Korean American children.DesignA cross‐sectional study.MethodsObesity‐risk behaviours of children were assessed with well‐validated self‐report questionnaires (i.e., Elementary‐level School‐based Nutrition Monitoring Questionnaire) from children and their mothers. Height and weight of children were measured. Data were analysed with bivariate and multivariate analyses using mixed effects models to incorporate the correlation within siblings.ResultsA total of 170 Korean American children (mean age 10.9 [2.0] years; 52.4% girls; mean BMI 19.3 [3.2]; 28.7% ≥85 percentiles) participated in the study. Only 38.3% of Korean American children met established recommendations of five fruits/vegetables per day; 56.5% met recommendations for more than 3 days per week of vigorous physical activity; and 40.8% met recommendations for <2 hr of recreational screen time per day. Sixty per cent and 88.8% of children met the recommendation of sleep on a weekday and weekend, respectively. Only screen time was positively associated with child BMI z‐score (β = 0.08; p < .03).ConclusionHealthcare providers need to be aware of the increased rate of overweight and obesity in Korean American children and initiate clinical interventions to improve obesity‐risk behaviours, especially sedentary behaviour, in Korean American children.Relevance to clinical practiceClinical assessment and management of the risk of developing overweight and obesity as well as obesity‐related behaviours are important to improve obesity‐related complications in overall Korean Americans.
“I was yelled at, intimidated and treated unfairly”: Nursing students' experiences of being bullied in clinical and academic settings
Authors: Courtney‐Pratt Helen , Pich Jacqueline , Levett‐Jones Tracy , Moxey Annette 
Published: August 2017

Aims and objectivesTo present findings from a study that explored nursing students' experiences of bullying in clinical and academic settings, the strategies used to negotiate bullying and recommendations for empowering future students.BackgroundNursing students are identified as a group who are at particular risk of bullying. Numerous studies have examined students' experiences of bullying in clinical contexts by qualified nurses; however, there has been far less attention to the bullying that occurs in academic settings where the perpetrators are university staff and other students.DesignThe qualitative findings presented in this paper form one component of a mixed‐methods, multisite study that examined the nature and extent of bullying in one cohort of nursing students.MethodsA convenience sample of 29 first‐, second‐ and third‐year undergraduate nursing students from one semimetropolitan Australian university was recruited for semistructured interviews in 2014. Interview data were analysed using NVivo.FindingsParticipants described multiple examples of bullying occurring in both clinical and academic settings. Perpetrators included clinicians, facilitators, academics and fellow students. Bullying ranged from incivility to physical attacks. The impact of the bullying was profound; it caused many of the participants to feel anxious and distressed, it undermined their confidence and perception of competence, and it often led them to question their career choice.Strategies described by participants to cope with or manage the bullying included avoidance, trying to “just survive” and seeking support from trusted academic staff, family and friends. No episodes of bullying were formally reported.ConclusionBullying remains a pervasive phenomenon occurring in both clinical and academic settings. Students are, in many respects, a vulnerable and disempowered population who often fear the consequences of making a formal complaint. Thus, reporting structures and support strategies need to be re‐examined, and resilience training is imperative.Relevance to clinical practiceBullying remains a continuing concern in undergraduate nursing degrees. Efforts must be made in clinical and academic settings to heed the advice of undergraduates using broader strategies to address the issues.
The role of cognitions in short‐term temporal changes in dental fear among Australian adults
Authors: Armfield Jason M. , Crego Antonio , Schuch Helena S. , Luzzi Liana 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo determine if temporal changes in dental fear over a 4‐month period are predicted by changed cognitive vulnerability‐related perceptions of going to the dentist.MethodsAustralian adults (n = 484) completed mailed questionnaires at baseline and follow‐up, containing measures of dental fear, cognitive vulnerability‐related perceptions, dental services received, and possible aversive experiences during the study period. Change in dental fear was the main outcome measure, categorized as decreased (Fear−), unchanged (Fear0), and increased (Fear+).ResultsAcross the study period, 15.5 percent of people had Fear−, 73.4 percent had Fear0, and 11.1 percent had Fear+. In a multinomial logistic regression, after controlling for participant gender, income, time since last dental visit at baseline, dental fear at baseline and experiencing an aversive event, increased vulnerability‐related perceptions were significantly associated with Fear+ (OR = 2.83, P < 0.001) while decreased vulnerability‐related perceptions were associated with Fear− (OR = 0.17, P < 0.001).ConclusionsThis study found, across a relatively short 4‐month period, that increased vulnerability‐related perceptions of visiting the dentist predicted increased dental fear while decreased vulnerability‐related perceptions predicted decreased dental fear. More appropriate study designs, such as longitudinal designs, and longer follow‐up periods are needed to determine the possible causal nature of these associations.
Influence of l‐carnitine and l‐arginine on protein synthesis and maturation of the semitendinosus muscle of lightweight piglets
Authors: Madsen J. G. , Seoni E. , Kreuzer M. , Silacci P. , Bee G. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryLightweight (LW) piglets from large litters display impaired growth performance compared with heavier littermates. This study investigated the growth performance and muscle development of early‐weaned LW piglets (birthweight <1.2 kg) from large litters (17.3 ± 3.0 total born per litter), fed ad libitum a milk replacer supplemented with either l‐carnitine (CAR) or l‐arginine (ARG) from day 7 to day 28 of age. In total, 36 female and entire male Swiss Large White piglets, weaned on day 7 of age, were artificially reared in pairs in rescue decks. They were allocated to one of three dietary treatments: unsupplemented control (CON), 0.48 g l‐carnitine·piglet−1·day−1 (CAR) or 1.20 g l‐arginine·kg body weight−1·day−1 (ARG). Milk replacer was prepared daily in a 1:4 powder‐to‐water ratio and fed ad libitum. Piglets were weighed at birth and on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Feed intake was assessed daily. Piglets were euthanized on day 28. The entire semitendinosus muscle (STM) was collected, and organs were weighed. Subsequently, the STM was divided into the light (STMl) and dark (STMd) portion, and contractile and metabolic traits were analysed by ATP histochemistry, enzyme activities and gene expression. No differences in growth performance, organ and STM weight and on contractile traits were found between groups. A tendency (p < .10) for an elevated lipid oxidation enzyme activity in the STMl and STMd and greater (p < .05) phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway in the STMl of CAR compared with CON piglets was found. Despite these metabolic responses, the lack of effect of CAR and ARG supplementation on growth performance suggests that providing the milk replacer ad libitum in combination with added CAR and ARG is insufficient for eliciting faster growth of LW piglets.
Inverse relationship between hepatic steatosis and hepatitis B viremia: Results of a large case‐control study
Authors: Hui R. W. H. , Seto W.‐K. , Cheung K.‐S. , Mak L.‐Y. , Liu K. S. H. , Fung J. , Wong D. K.‐H. , Lai C.‐L. , Yuen M.‐F. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe potential interaction between chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), two of the most prevalent liver diseases worldwide, has not been well defined. We performed liver stiffness (LS) and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) measurements using transient elastography in 1202 CHB patients. Of these, 601 steatotic patients were matched with nonsteatotic controls in a 1:1 ratio by age, gender, nucleoside analogue treatment status, and treatment duration. Severe fibrosis was defined according to EASL‐ALEH criteria, and steatosis was defined as CAP ≥222 dB m−1. Anthropometric measurements and metabolic‐related parameters were recorded. The mean age of the 1202 patients (51.4% male) was 51.8 years. 696 patients (57.9%) were on nucleoside analogues for a median duration of 76.2 months. Among treatment‐naïve patients, median serum HBV DNA was lower in steatotic individuals than in controls (3.0 vs 3.4 log IU mL−1, P < .05), with this inverse relationship remaining significant in multivariate analysis (odds ratio 0.859, 95% CI 0.743‐0.994, P < .05). With increased steatosis severity, there was a stepwise decrease in median HBV DNA levels (3.1 and 2.6 log IU mL−1 in no steatosis and severe steatosis, respectively, P = .032). Steatosis was associated with a higher median LS (5.4 kPa vs 5.0 kPa, P < .001). Severe steatosis, when compared to mild/moderate steatosis, was associated with an increased percentage of severe fibrosis (23.2% and 12.6%, respectively, P = .005). We conclude that severe steatosis was associated with increased fibrosis in CHB patients. Increasing steatosis was independently associated with lower serum HBV DNA levels, suggesting its potential negative effects on viral replication.
Ciprofloxacin Pharmacokinetics in Clinical Canine Patients
Authors: Papich M.G. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundCiprofloxacin generic tablets approved for human use frequently are administered to dogs for treatment of bacterial infections because they are inexpensive and readily available. However, previous work indicated low and variable oral absorption in healthy research dogs.ObjectiveTo examine orally administered ciprofloxacin in a group of clinical canine patients using population pharmacokinetics in order to identify minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) that potentially could be achieved with orally administered ciprofloxacin in dogs.AnimalsThirty‐four clinical canine patients; mean weight, 22.95 kg (range, 4.6–57 kg).MethodsCiprofloxacin generic tablets intended for human use were administered to dogs in a prospective study (mean dose, 23.5 mg/kg). Sparse blood sampling was used to obtain population pharmacokinetic results with nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling. These data were used to estimate a breakpoint for susceptible bacteria. Monte Carlo simulations were used to determine the probability of target attainment (PTA) for an area under the curve (AUC)/MIC ratio of ≥100, the pharmacokinetic‐pharmacodynamic target for fluoroquinolones.ResultsThe values for volume of distribution, peak concentration, and half‐life were 10.7 L/kg (11.7%), 1.9 μg/mL (11.66%), and 4.35 hours (7.62%), respectively (mean, % coefficient of variation [CV]). The size of the dog was an important covariate with larger dogs achieving lower plasma drug concentrations than smaller dogs, despite a similar mg/kg dose. Ninety percent PTA was obtained for a MIC ≤ 0.06 μg/mL.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceA breakpoint (susceptible) of ≤0.06 μg/mL should be considered when ciprofloxacin tablets are administered to dogs at a dose of 25 mg/kg once daily, which is much lower than the breakpoint of ≤1 μg/mL in humans.
New ways for nursing inspired by the works of Michel de Certeau
Authors: Gonzalez‐Sanz Juan D. , Noreña‐Peña Ana , Amezcua Manuel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe focus of this article is the life and work of the French thinker Michel de Certeau, here presented as a philosopher of special interest for nursing. Although in some countries he is relatively unknown, international authors from scientific disciplines regard his texts as a fundamental source in the opening of new intellectual perspectives on current global problems. Some nurses have also considered his ideas as a useful aid for reflecting on their professional activities, and their most important research is cited. Over these pages, we also examine how Certeau's work can enrich nursing philosophy in regard to three specific issues: resistance practices in nursing in the face of pressure from health institutions; the social configuration of nursing knowledge; and the importance of the body in current nursing practice.
The PHD‐containing protein EARLY BOLTING IN SHORT DAYS regulates seed dormancy in Arabidopsis
Authors: Narro‐Diego Laura , López‐González Leticia , Jarillo Jose A. , Piñeiro Manuel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe Arabidopsis protein EARLY BOLTING IN SHORT DAYS (EBS), a plant‐specific transcriptional regulator, is involved in the control of flowering time by repressing the floral integrator FT. The EBS protein binds the H3K4me3 histone mark and interacts with histone deacetylases to modulate gene expression. Here, we show that EBS also participates in the regulation of seed dormancy. ebs mutations cause a reduction in seed dormancy, and the concurrent loss of function of the EBS homologue SHORT LIFE (SHL) enhances this dormancy alteration. Transcriptomic analyses in ebs mutant seeds uncovered the misregulation of several regulators of seed dormancy including the MADS box gene AGAMOUS‐LIKE67 (AGL67). AGL67 interacts genetically with EBS in seed dormancy regulation, indicating that both loci act in the same pathway. Interestingly, EBS functions independently of the master regulator gene of dormancy DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 (DOG1) and other genes encoding chromatin remodelling factors involved in the control of seed dormancy. Altogether, these data show that EBS is a central repressor of germination during seed dormancy and that SHL acts redundantly with EBS in the control of this developmental process. Our observations suggest that a tightly regulated crosstalk among histone modifications is necessary for a proper control of seed dormancy.
Is the moral domain unique? A social influence perspective for the study of moral cognition
Authors: Lees Jeffrey , Gino Francesca 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe nature of the cognitive processes that give rise to moral judgment and behavior has been a central question of psychology for decades. In this paper, we suggest that an often ignored yet fruitful stream of research for informing current debates on the nature of moral cognition is social influence. We introduce what we call the “social‐moderation‐of‐process” perspective, a methodological framework for leveraging insights from social influence research to inform debates in moral psychology over the mechanisms underlying moral cognition and the moral domains in which those mechanisms operate. We demonstrate the utility of the social‐moderation‐of‐process perspective by providing a detailed example of how research on social influence in behavioral ethics can be utilized to test a research question related to a debate between two prominent theories in moral psychology. We then detail how researchers across the field of moral psychology can utilize our social‐moderation‐of‐process perspective.
Rethinking the biopsychosocial model of health: Understanding health as a dynamic system
Authors: Lehman Barbara J. , David Diana M. , Gruber Jennifer A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe biopsychosocial model has dominated research and theory in health psychology. This article expands the biopsychosocial model by applying systems theories proposed by developmental scholars, including Bronfenbrenner's ecological models and Sameroff's transactional model, as well as contemporary philosophical work on dynamic systems. The proposed dynamic biopsychosocial model construes human health as a product of the reciprocal influences of biological, psychological, interpersonal, and macrosystem contextual dynamics that unfold over personal and historical time. The importance, or centrality, of these influences varies within a person over time. The model is explicated using two hypothetical case studies derived from existing interdisciplinary health research. Implications for health, theory, research, and policy are discussed.
Why Citizen Kane was unhappy: Motive‐Goal Incongruence
Authors: Hofer Jan , Busch Holger 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhy do some people benefit more from successfully pursuing their goals than others? Motivational psychology has recently come up with an answer to this question: People differ in the extent to which their goals are aligned with their implicit motives. That is, on a conscious level, people may strive for, for example, achievement goals although on an unconscious level their implicit achievement motive is low. In such a case of motive–goal incongruence, pursuit and realization of achievement goals are associated with little or no well‐being. On the other hand, for people whose conscious goals and implicit motives are congruent, goal progress is strongly associated with well‐being. Legendary movie character Charles Foster Kane from Citizen Kane illustrates this dilemma: Constantly pursuing and realizing power goals, he does not succeed in satisfying his affiliation‐intimacy motive – and finally dies an unhappy man. The present article reviews what is known about the causes and effects of motive–goal congruence. In doing so, open questions are raised that future research ought to address.