bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Head‐to‐head comparison of ranibizumab PRN versus single‐dose dexamethasone for branch retinal vein occlusion (COMRADE‐B)
Authors: Hattenbach Lars‐Olof , Feltgen Nicolas , Bertelmann Thomas , Schmitz‐Valckenberg Steffen , Berk Hüsnü , Eter Nicole , Lang Gabriele E. , Rehak Matus , Taylor Simon R. , Wolf Armin , Weiss Claudia , Paulus Eva‐Maria , Pielen Amelie , Hoerauf Hans ,   the COMRADE‐B Study Group
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab 0.5 mg versus dexamethasone 0.7 mg according to their European labels in macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) in a 6‐month, phase IIIb, randomized trial.MethodsPatients received either monthly ranibizumab for 3 months followed by Pro re nata (PRN) treatment (n = 126) or a sustained‐release dexamethasone implant followed by PRN sham injections (n = 118). Main outcomes were mean average change in best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) from baseline to month 1 through month 6, mean changes in BCVA and foveal centre point thickness (FCPT), and adverse events (AEs).ResultsThere was no difference in BCVA gains between the treatments prior to month 3. Best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) gain with dexamethasone declined thereafter. From month 3 to month 6, mean BCVA change from baseline was significantly higher with ranibizumab than with dexamethasone [raw means (standard deviation):+16.2 (±11) letters versus +9.3 (±10.1) letters]. At month 6, the difference in BCVA gains from baseline was +17.3 letters in the ranibizumab versus +9.2 letters in the dexamethasone group. Patients in the ranibizumab group received a mean of 2.94 loading injections and 1.74 PRN retreatment injections, while those in the dexamethasone group received a single loading injection. Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and AEs were more frequent with dexamethasone than ranibizumab treatment.ConclusionRanibizumab PRN resulted in greater visual acuity (VA) gains in macular oedema following BRVO compared with single‐dose dexamethasone over a 6‐month study period, observed from month 3, when administered according to their European label. In clinical practice, retreatment with dexamethasone may be required prior to this point.
Prescribing patterns of analgesics and other medicines by dental practitioners in Australia from 2001 to 2012
Authors: Hollingworth Samantha A. , Chan Ryan , Pham Jenny , Shi Sonya , Ford Pauline J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesDental practitioners are able to prescribe a variety of medicines subsidized on the Pharmaceutical Benefits Schedule (PBS), the main categories of which are analgesics and antibiotics. We aimed to investigate the patterns of PBS prescribing of non‐antimicrobial medicines by dental practitioners in Australia from 2001 to 2012.MethodsData were collected from Medicare Australia on prescriptions from dental practitioners dispensed to concessional beneficiaries between 2001 and 2012. We examined patterns of use over time.ResultsThere was an overall increase in number of prescriptions and in dispensed use (standardized by dose and population) of analgesic medicines for the concessional population over the 12‐years period. The use of dentally prescribed analgesics increased 15%, with use of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs increasing by 41% and opioid analgesics by 12%. Prescribing of the oxycodone 5‐mg tablet increased 344% between 2005 and 2012, and dental prescription of the benzodiazepines diazepam and temazepam increased by 51% and 229%, respectively, over the observation period. Injectable corticosteroid use increased by 19%. Conversely, use of carbamazepine and anti‐emetics decreased by 39% and 10%, respectively.ConclusionsDental prescribing of analgesics, anti‐inflammatories and benzodiazepines in the concessional population has increased significantly over the past decade. These data can form the baseline to further examine appropriate medicine use in the management of dental conditions.
Leaving the door open for “tune ups”: Challenging notions of ending working relationships in family work
Authors: Reimer Elizabeth Claire 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe working relationship is considered a central feature of direct practice with human services clients. There are many challenges when it comes time to end a working relationship, yet limited guidance for workers on successful relationship ending. This paper aims to increase understanding of the process of the ending phase of the working relationship for parents and workers working with families where child neglect is an issue. The paper draws on data from a small‐scale qualitative Australian study of perceptions of parents, family workers, and supervisors involved in eight parent‐worker relationships. Using semistructured interviews, participants were asked to explore how they experienced the relationship. The findings illuminate important aspects about the ending phase of the relationship; in particular, challenging the idea that parents' returning to services for support is a sign that the service has not provided a successful intervention. The paper challenges social workers to consider recurring parent–worker relationships similar to other professional relationships where there are episodes of service but the relationship is there to be reactivated where needed.
Risk factors for anastomotic leakage after colorectal resection: a retrospective analysis of 17 518 patients
Authors: Parthasarathy M. , Greensmith M. , Bowers D. , Groot‐Wassink T. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimA large, prospectively collected, clinical database was analysed to determine the various pre‐ and intra‐operative factors affecting anastomotic leakage (AL) in colorectal surgery.MethodData on 17 518 patients having a colorectal resection with anastomosis, taken from the 2013 American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, were included in the study. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify risk‐adjusted predictive factors for AL. Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05 and confidence intervals were reported at the 95% level.ResultsThe AL rate was 3.9% (687/17 518). Younger patients, male gender and an American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score of ≥ 3 (P < 0.001), smoking (P = 0.001), diabetes (P = 0.035), a preoperative serum albumin level of < 4 g/dl (P = 0.030), elective rectal cancer surgery (P = 0.024), emergency colectomy for bleeding (P = 0.013) and splenic flexure mobilization (P = 0.043) were associated with an increased risk of AL. Preoperative oral antibiotics (P < 0.001), right hemicolectomy (open or laparoscopic) and laparoscopic partial colectomy were associated with a reduced risk of AL compared with the entire group. Body mass index, preoperative chemotherapy, emergency surgery and mechanical bowel preparation were not related to AL.ConclusionIn contrast to most studies, younger age was found to be an independent risk factor for AL. The risk for AL was lower with laparoscopic partial colectomy and open or laparoscopic right hemicolectomy. Preoperative oral antibiotic preparation significantly reduces the risk of AL and should be incorporated as a standard protocol.
Pathogenese von Wundheilungsstörungen bei älteren Patienten
Authors: Makrantonaki Evgenia , Wlaschek Meinhard , Scharffetter‐Kochanek Karin 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungÄltere Menschen sind für Wundheilungsstörungen und chronische Wunden am anfälligsten, insbesondere für venöse Beinulzera, Dekubitalulzera und diabetische Fußulzera. Jedoch sollten bei der diagnostischen Abklärung chronischer Wunden weitere altersassoziierte Krankheiten in Betracht gezogen werden. Ein besseres Verständnis der an Wundheilungsstörungen beteiligten Pathomechanismen ist wichtig für die Bewältigung der Schwierigkeiten bei der Behandlung chronischer Wunden. In den letzten Jahrzehnten wurden beachtliche Fortschritte bei zukunftsweisenden Therapien chronischer Wunden erzielt. In diesem Zusammenhang haben sich Wachstumsfaktoren und Zytokine, Gewebeanzucht (Tissue Engineering) und Zelltherapie – auch mit Stammzellen – als sehr vielversprechend erwiesen. Vor Einführung in die klinische Praxis muss jedoch die Sicherheit dieser Techniken durch umfangreiche klinische Studien nachgewiesen werden.
Cutaneous side effects of TNF‐alpha inhibitors
Authors: Lindhaus Claudia , Tittelbach Jörg , Elsner Peter 
Published: March 2017

SummarySince the early 1990s, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐alpha) inhibitors have been successfully used in the treatment of various immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases. By now, comprehensive safety data has been compiled. While adverse reactions do occur, they are – in relation to the frequent use of these agents – rare and usually not serious. Cutaneous side effects include local injection site reactions, infections, immune‐mediated reactions, and neoplasms. The most common serious adverse events are of an infectious nature. Mycobacteria but also non‐mycobacterial pathogens, such as viruses and fungi, may cause serious, even lethal, systemic infections. The present article is meant to review current knowledge with respect to cutaneous side effects of TNF‐alpha inhibitors.
Nebenwirkungen von TNF‐alpha‐Inhibitoren am Hautorgan
Authors: Lindhaus Claudia , Tittelbach Jörg , Elsner Peter 
Published: March 2017

ZusammenfassungTNF‐alpha‐Inhibitoren werden seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre erfolgreich zur Behandlung diverser immunvermittelter entzündlicher Erkrankungen eingesetzt. Inzwischen gibt es eine umfangreiche Datenlage bezüglich ihrer Sicherheit. Nebenwirkungen sind bezogen auf die Häufigkeit der Anwendung selten und meist nicht schwerwiegend. Zu den Nebenwirkungen am Hautorgan zählen lokale injektionsassoziierte Reaktionen, Infektionen, immunvermittelte Reaktionen sowie Neoplasien. Die häufigsten schwerwiegenden Nebenwirkungen sind infektiöser Natur. Mykobakterielle Infektionen, aber auch non‐mykobakterielle Erreger, Viren und Pilze können potenziell letale, systemische Infektionen auslösen.Im Folgenden wird eine Übersicht über das gegenwärtige Wissen bezüglich der Nebenwirkungen von TNFα‐Inhibitoren am Hautorgan gegeben.
Accessory nictitating membrane in a Lipizzaner colt
Authors: Moyer C. T. , Ball E. E. , Brown J. A. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryA 2‐year‐old Lipizzaner colt presented for removal of a mass over the left eye. The colt had no blepharospasm or significant ocular discharge, but the cornea underlying the mass was mildly oedematous. The mass protruded from the conjunctiva at the dorsotemporal aspect of the globe and was covered in normal conjunctiva. It had a gross appearance similar to the cartilaginous flap of a nictitating membrane, but in an aberrant location. It was moveable to cover the dorsal aspect of the cornea when the globe was retropulsed. Excision of the mass under general anaesthesia was elected. Histopathology supported a diagnosis of an accessory nictitating membrane, consisting of a cartilaginous band surrounded by glandular epithelium. The colt recovered from surgery without complication and no problems were reported by the owner at 8.5 months post‐operatively. To the author's knowledge, there have not been previous reports of accessory or ectopic nictitating membranes in equine or other species.
Effect of addition of Agaricus blazei mushroom residue to milk enriched with Omega‐3 on the prevention of lipid oxidation and bioavailability of bioactive compounds after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion
Authors: Vital Ana Carolina P. , Croge Camila , Gomes‐da‐Costa Sandra Maria , Matumoto‐Pintro Paula T. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe residue from a hydroalcoholic extract of the mushroom Agaricus blazei (MAR) was evaluated for phenolic compounds, flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The ability of MAR to slow the oxidation of Omega‐3 resulting from light exposure in milk matrix, and its bioavailability after in vitro digestion was investigated. MAR presented phenolic compounds and flavonoids and showed antioxidant activity. At each concentration, addition of MAR to Omega‐3‐supplemented milk inhibited the production of conjugated dienes and malonaldehyde compared with samples without MAR. The bioavailability assay showed that polyphenols were still present after in vitro digestion and had antioxidant activity.
Assessment of phytochemicals, enzymatic and antioxidant activities in germinated mung bean (Vigna radiata L. Wilezek)
Authors: Wang Junhong , Ye Yutong , Li Quan , Abbasi Arshad Mehmood , Guo Xinbo 
Published: March 2017

SummaryVitamin C, phenolic and flavonoid contents along with enzymatic and antioxidant activities were determined in germinated mung bean (Vigna radiate). Elevated levels of vitamin C 72.31 ± 0.62 mg/100 g FW and flavonoid content 85.57 ± 0.59 mg CE/100 g FW were estimated for euphylla after 6 days of germination. Moreover, maximum peroxyl radical scavenging activity 645.4 ± 28.5 μmol ASA equiv./100 g FW was also determined in euphylla. However, seed coat has the highest content of phenolic content (568.4 ± 8.8 mg GAE/100 g FW), whereas cotyledon depicted the highest ascorbate oxidase and peroxidase activities (396.5 ± 4.0 and 548.4 ± 2.8 min−1 g−1 FW, respectively). These findings revealed that euphylla in mung bean sprouts is the most bioactive part with significant level of phytochemicals. Therefore, after germination of 6 days, euphylla is the main source of nutrition in mung bean sprouts.
Model Uncertainty Effect on Asset Prices
Authors: Jiang Junya , Tian Weidong 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe develop a weighted‐average approach of pricing under model uncertainty, where several plausible models are considered instead of a perfect one. The model uncertainty effect from this weighted‐average approach is significantly different from the conventional wisdom, in which the true price must be bounded by prices in all plausible models. We identify under what circumstances the model uncertainty effect is significant and reveal serious risk management challenges for researchers, regulators, and market participants.
Length of surgery and pressure ulcers risk in cardiovascular surgical patients: a dose–response meta‐analysis
Authors: Chen Hong‐Lin , Shen Wang‐Qin , Liu Peng , Liu Kun 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to assess the relationship between length of surgery (LOS) and pressure ulcer (PU) risk in cardiovascular surgery patients. PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched. We compared LOS difference between PU (+) group and PU (‐) group. We also examined the dose–response effect of this relationship. The mean LOS in the PU(+) groups ranged from 252·5 to 335·7 minutes, compared with 233·0 to 298·3 minutes in PU(−) groups. The LOS was higher in PU(+) groups compared with PU(−) groups [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 36·081 minutes; 95% CI: 21·640–50·522 minutes; Z = 4·90, P = 0·000]. The funnel plot showed no publication bias. A significant dose–response association was also found between the LOS and the risk of surgery‐related pressure ulcers (SRPU, model χ2 = 9·29, P = 0·000). In the linear model, the PU OR was 1·296 (95% CI 1·097–1·531) for a 60‐minute increase in the LOS intervals and 13·344 (95% CI 2·521–70·636) for a 600‐minute increase. In a spline model, the OR of PU increased almost linearly along with the LOS. Our meta‐analysis indicated that LOS was an important risk factor for pressure ulcers in cardiovascular surgical patients.
A comprehensive sintering mechanism for TBCs‐Part I: An overall evolution with two‐stage kinetics
Authors: Li Guangrong , Xie Hua , Yang Guanjun , Liu Gang , Li Chengxin , Li Changjiu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA comprehensive sintering mechanism for lamellar thermal barrier coatings was reported experimentally and theoretically in this study. To begin with, an overall property evolution with two‐stage kinetics was presented during thermal exposure. The increase in mechanical property at initial thermal exposure duration (stage‐I) was much faster with respect to that in the following longer duration (stage‐II). At the stage‐I, the in situ pore healing behavior revealed that the significant faster sintering kinetics was attributed to the rapid healing induced by multipoint connection at the intersplat pore tips, as well as a small quantity of the narrow intrasplat cracks. At the following stage‐II, the residual wide intersplat pore parts and the wide intrasplat cracks decreased the possibility of multiconnection at their counter‐surfaces, resulting in a much lower sintering kinetic. Moreover, a structural model based on the microstructure of plasma sprayed YSZ coatings was developed to correlate the microstructural evolution with mechanical property. Consequently, the model predicted a two‐stage evolutionary trend of mechanical property, which is well consistent with experiments. In brief, by revealing the pore healing behavior, this comprehensive sintering mechanism shed light to the structure tailoring toward the advanced TBCs with both higher thermal‐insulating effect and longer life time.
Measuring hospital staff nurses perception on quality of the professional practice environment
Authors: De Brouwer Brigitte Johanna Maria , Fingal Cheryl , Schoonhoven Lisette , Kaljouw Marian J. , Van Achterberg Theo 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to determine construct validity of the Dutch Essentials of Magnetism II © instrument, designed to assess nursing practice environments, using hypotheses testing.BackgroundReduction in hospital length of stay and the number of inpatient beds increases care intensity. Educational levels and numbers of nursing staff in hospitals, however, do not match this increase, resulting in a strain on quality of care and patient safety. A possible answer to existing concerns about quality of care may be the creation of a productive and healthy practice environment, as this has an impact on the quality of care. Therefore, areas requiring improvement of the practice environment have to be defined.DesignA cross‐sectional, correlational study design.MethodWe determined construct validity with hypotheses testing by relating the Dutch Essentials of Magnetism II to the Dutch Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. We formulated 15 hypotheses prior to data‐analysis; 10 related to convergent validity and five related to discriminant validity. Data were collected from qualified nurses (N = 259) on nine randomly selected hospital wards from March to April 2012.ResultsResponse rate was 47% (n = 121). Total scores of both instruments are strongly correlated (r = 0·88). In total, 12 of 15 hypotheses (80%) were confirmed and three were rejected.ConclusionThe D‐EOMII has satisfactory construct validity for measuring the nursing practice environment in hospitals and can be used by nurses, managers, health policy makers, hospitals and governments to assess and identify processes and relationships that are in need of improvement.
The BP Oil Spill: Shareholder Wealth Effects and Environmental Disclosures
Authors: Heflin Frank , Wallace Dana 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe use the BP oil spill to provide new evidence regarding the consequences of, and motivations for, environmental disclosures. We find that among oil and gas firms drilling in US waters, those with greater environmental disclosure suffered smaller negative shareholder wealth effects following the spill. This suggests that shareholders believed firms with more environmental disclosures were better prepared to address future environmental regulations and less likely to experience similar environmental incidents. We also document an increase in environmental disclosure, specifically disclosures of disaster readiness plans, in the year following the spill. Firms with poorer past environmental performance were more likely to increase disaster readiness plan disclosures. The increased disclosure by the poor pre‐spill environmental performers is not entirely window dressing, as their post‐spill environmental performance improved. The totality of our evidence is most consistent with the voluntary disclosure theory of environmental disclosure.
Effects of mobile devices on K–12 students' achievement: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Tingir S. , Cavlazoglu B. , Caliskan O. , Koklu O. , Intepe‐Tingir S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn this meta‐analytic study, we investigated the effects of mobile devices on student achievement in science, mathematics and reading in grades K–12. Based on our inclusion criteria, we searched the ERIC and PsycINFO databases and identified 14 peer‐reviewed research articles published between 2010 and 2014. We identified the device type, subject area, intervention language, grade level, study design and implementer (i.e., of the intervention) as potential moderator variables that may influence student achievement in the targeted content areas. We followed a three‐level meta‐analytic procedure to estimate the overall effect of these variables and explain the variation in outcomes. The results suggest that use of mobile devices in teaching yielded higher achievement scores than traditional teaching in all subject areas. With regard to the analysis of moderator variables, the results suggest that using mobile devices in reading is significantly more effective than doing so in mathematics.
Life history, immunity, Peto's paradox and tumours in birds
Authors: Møller A. P. , Erritzøe J. , Soler J. J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCancer and tumours may evolve in response to life‐history trade‐offs between growth and duration of development on one hand, and between growth and maintenance of immune function on the other. Here, we tested whether (i) bird species with slow developmental rates for their body size experience low incidence of tumours because slow development allows for detection of rapid proliferation of cell lineages. We also test whether (ii) species with stronger immune response during development are more efficient at detecting tumour cells and hence suffer lower incidence of tumours. Finally, we tested Peto's paradox, that there is a positive relationship between tumour incidence and body mass. We used information on developmental rates and body mass from the literature and of tumour incidence (8468 birds) and size of the bursa of Fabricius for 7659 birds brought to a taxidermist in Denmark. We found evidence of the expected negative relationship between incidence of tumours and developmental rates and immunity after controlling for the positive association between tumour incidence and body size. These results suggest that evolution has modified the incidence of tumours in response to life history and that Peto's paradox may be explained by covariation between body mass, developmental rates and immunity.