bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UHF EPR spectrometer operating at frequencies between 400 MHz and 1 GHz
Authors: Quine Richard W. , Rinard George A. , Shi Yilin , Buchanan Laura , Biller Joshua R. , Eaton Sandra S. , Eaton Gareth R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA spectrometer was designed and constructed to facilitate measurements of T1, T2, spin echo signal‐to‐noise, and resonator quality factor, Q, between about 400 and 1000 MHz. Pulse patterns are generated at 250 MHz and mixed with the output from a second source to perform excitation and detection. A cross‐loop resonator was constructed in which the same sample could be measured in the same resonator over the full range of frequencies. An air‐core, four‐coil, water‐cooled electromagnet with a large experimental volume was built.
Is Steam an Oxidant or a Reductant for Nickel/Doped‐Ceria Cermets?
Authors: Papaefthimiou Vasiliki , Niakolas Dimitris K. , Paloukis Fotios , Dintzer Thierry , Zafeiratos Spyridon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNickel/doped‐ceria composites are promising electrocatalysts for solid‐oxide fuel and electrolysis cells. Very often steam is present in the feedstock of the cells, frequently mixed with other gases, such as hydrogen or CO2. An increase in the steam concentration in the feed mixture is considered accountable for the electrode oxidation and the deactivation of the device. However, direct experimental evidence of the steam interaction with nickel/doped‐ceria composites, with adequate surface specificity, are lacking. Herein we explore in situ the surface state of nickel/gadolinium‐doped ceria (NiGDC) under O2, H2, and H2O environments by using near‐ambient‐pressure X‐ray photoelectron and absorption spectroscopies. Changes in the surface oxidation state and composition of NiGDC in response to the ambient gas are observed. It is revealed that, in the mbar pressure regime and at intermediate temperature conditions (500–700 °C), steam acts as an oxidant for nickel but has a dual oxidant/reductant function for doped ceria.
The challenge of separating signatures of local adaptation from those of isolation by distance and colonization history: The case of two white pines
Authors: Nadeau Simon , Meirmans Patrick G. , Aitken Sally N. , Ritland Kermit , Isabel Nathalie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAccurately detecting signatures of local adaptation using genetic‐environment associations (GEAs) requires controlling for neutral patterns of population structure to reduce the risk of false positives. However, a high degree of collinearity between climatic gradients and neutral population structure can greatly reduce power, and the performance of GEA methods in such case is rarely evaluated in empirical studies. In this study, we attempted to disentangle the effects of local adaptation and isolation by environment (IBE) from those of isolation by distance (IBD) and isolation by colonization from glacial refugia (IBC) using range‐wide samples in two white pine species. For this, SNPs from 168 genes, including 52 candidate genes for growth and phenology, were genotyped in 133 and 61 populations of Pinus strobus and P. monticola, respectively. For P. strobus and using all 153 SNPs, climate (IBE) did not significantly explained among‐population variation when controlling for IBD and IBC in redundancy analyses (RDAs). However, 26 SNPs were significantly associated with climate in single‐locus GEA analyses (Bayenv2 and LFMM), suggesting that local adaptation took place in the presence of high gene flow. For P. monticola, we found no evidence of IBE using RDAs and weaker signatures of local adaptation using GEA and FST outlier tests, consistent with adaptation via phenotypic plasticity. In both species, the majority of the explained among‐population variation (69 to 96%) could not be partitioned between the effects of IBE, IBD, and IBC. GEA methods can account differently for this confounded variation, and this could explain the small overlap of SNPs detected between Bayenv2 and LFMM. Our study illustrates the inherent difficulty of taking into account neutral structure in natural populations and the importance of sampling designs that maximize climatic variation, while minimizing collinearity between climatic gradients and neutral structure.
Ecosystem connectivity and trophic subsidies of sandy beaches
Authors: Liebowitz Dina M. , Nielsen Karina J. , Dugan Jenifer E. , Morgan Steven G. , Malone Daniel P. , Largier John L. , Hubbard David M. , Carr Mark H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEcological connectivity can influence the distributions of diversity and productivity among ecosystems, but relationships among multiple marine ecosystems remain relatively uncharacterized. Sandy beaches are recipient ecosystems that support coastal food webs through deposits of drift macrophytes (wrack), and serve as test cases for exploring within‐seascape connectivity. We present results from the first comprehensive survey of geographic and temporal patterns of wrack cover and composition on beaches along the North Central Coast of California and test the role of local donor ecosystems and physical factors in predicting wrack distribution. We surveyed wrack at 17 beaches in August 2010, and monthly at a subset of 10 beaches for 13 months. We estimated explanatory variables of (1) local donor ecosystem cover (kelp forests, rocky intertidal, and bays and estuaries), (2) biomass transport, and (3) beach morphology. Regression analyses were used to evaluate relationships among the cover of six key wrack categories and the explanatory variables above, for two time periods. We found persistent geographic variation in wrack composition and detected significant relationships between wrack cover and cover of local donor ecosystems for five of the six wrack categories (Nereocystis, Zostera, Postelsia, mixed red algae, and mixed brown algae). Transport mechanisms (wind exposure, swell exposure) or attributes of the recipient ecosystem (beach width, beach slope) explained additional spatial variation for three of the six wrack categories (Zostera, Phyllospadix, and mixed red algae). Our results support the concept of considering ecological connectivity (particularly the role of donor ecosystems upon which recipient ecosystems rely) in the design and management of protected areas.
Obesity paradox in heart failure: a heavy matter
Authors: Nagarajan Vijaiganesh , Kohan Luke , Holland Eric , Keeley Ellen C. , Mazimba Sula 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObesity and heart failure are two of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. The relationship between obesity and cardiovascular diseases is complex and not fully understood. While the risk of developing heart failure has been shown to be higher in patients who are obese, there is a survival advantage for obese and overweight patients compared with normal weight or low weight patients. This phenomenon was first described by Horwich et al. and was subsequently confirmed in other large trials. The advantage exists irrespective of the type, aetiology, or stage of heart failure. Patients with morbid obesity (body mass index >40 kg/m2), however, do not have the same survival advantage of their obese counterparts. There are several alternative indices of obesity available that may be more accurate than body mass index. The role of weight loss in patients with heart failure is unclear; thus, providing sound clinical advice to patients remains difficult. Future prospective trials designed to evaluate the link between obesity and heart failure will help us understand more fully this complex relationship.
New road for telecoupling global prosperity and ecological sustainability
Authors: Yang Dewei , Cai Jingjing , Hull Vanessa , Wang Kaiyong , Tsang Yin‐phan , Liu Jianguo 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
China's ambitious Belt and Road Initiative, which seeks to expand the ancient land routes that connect China to the Mediterranean Sea and corresponding ocean‐based routes, is expanding global cooperation with profound socioeconomic and ecological implications. As China and associated countries are developing specific policies to implement the initiative, it is important to analyze and integrate major relevant issues. In this article, we discuss several major challenges facing the Belt and Road region: complex natural features, mismatched resources, shared ecological issues, and diverse socioeconomic conditions. To meet the challenges, we apply the integrated framework of telecoupling (socioeconomic and environmental interactions over distances) and propose to enhance infrastructure connection, transboundary actions, scientific and cultural exchanges, and institutional innovations within the Belt and Road region; and collaborate with more international organizations and countries beyond the Belt and Road region for a prosperous and sustainable world.
Impact of Infinite Thin Flame Approach on the Evaluation of Flame Speed using Spherically Expanding Flames
Authors: Zhang Feichi , Baust Tobias , Zirwes Thorsten , Denev Jordan , Habisreuther Peter , Zarzalis Nikolaos , Bockhorn Henning 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCombustion is an important part of most current and future overall energy‐conversion systems, especially if using renewable fuels in energy‐storage concepts. Therefore, the laminar flame speed, which is a key parameter for the design of combustion systems, needs to be known for a growing multitude of different thermodynamic conditions and fuels. The spherically expanding flame method is one of the few techniques that enables the flame speed to be measured under particular conditions such as elevated pressure and temperature as well as under turbulent conditions, which are important for energy‐conversion applications. The radius of a spherically propagating flame is tracked and used for evaluation of the flame speed. Usually, the flame is assumed to be infinitely thin. To assess the influence of this assumption, direct numerical simulations were conducted for the experimental setup and compared with measurements and correlations from the literature. The flame speed determined by the consumption rate of fuel, which takes a finite thickness of the flame into account, was found to be always larger than the flame speed computed by assuming an infinitely thin flame. The difference between these flame speeds was observed to be as large as approximately 10–20 % in the evaluation range of the measured flame radii, which decreases with growing flame radius. This gives rise to the discrepancies in the flame speeds obtained from different measurement methods. An analytical estimation for this difference was developed as a function of the flame radius, which showed quantitatively good agreement with the simulation results and may be used for experimental validations of the flame speed. Both premixed H2/air and CH4/air flames with equivalence ratios ranging from lean to rich conditions were studied.
Differences in Cortisol Awakening Response between Binge‐Purging and Restrictive Patients with Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Monteleone Alessio Maria , Monteleone Palmiero , Marciello Francesca , Pellegrino Francesca , Castellini Giovanni , Maj Mario 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMalnutrition and childhood trauma were shown to affect in opposite way the cortisol awakening response (CAR) of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN). To assess the influence of binge‐purging behaviour on the CAR of AN patients, we measured the CAR of restrictive AN (ANR) or binge‐purging AN (ANBP) patients without history of childhood maltreatment. Seventeen ANBP women, 18 ANR women and 42 healthy women collected saliva samples at awakening and after 15, 30 and 60 min, and filled in the Eating Disorder Inventory‐2 (EDI‐2). ANR and ANBP patients exhibited a CAR significantly higher than healthy women. Moreover, the CAR of ANBP women was even higher than that of ANR women and positively correlated with the bulimia subitem scores of the EDI‐2. Present findings show, for the first time, differences in the CAR between ANBP and ANR subtypes, which may suggest a possible connection between the HPA axis functioning and binge‐purging. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Minding the Dreamer Within: An Experimental Study on the Effects of Enhanced Dream Recall on Creative Thinking
Authors: Sierra‐Siegert Mauricio , Jay Emma‐Louise , Florez Claudia , Garcia Ana Esther 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSeveral studies have found an association between frequency of dream recall and creativity. We tested the hypothesis that training individuals to increase dream recall by means of a daily dream log would increase scores on the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT). One hundred twenty‐five participants completed a baseline measure of creativity (TTCT, figural version) as well as of dream recall, dissociation, thinness of psychological boundaries, mindful‐attention awareness, and well‐being. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: the experimental group (n = 55) received a daily dream log; while the control group (n = 32) received a similarly phrased log registering memories of a vivid episode from the previous day. After 27 days, all participants completed follow‐up measurements identical to those at baseline. A non‐randomized non‐intervention group (n = 35) was used to test for practice effects on the TTCT. There was significant selective increase for the “creative strengths” component, which was only observed in the experimental group. There were significant correlations between creativity and dissociation as well as between creativity and thinness of psychological boundaries. Enhanced dream recall through daily dream logging fosters aspects of creativity. Associations between creativity, dissociation, and thinness of boundaries, suggest that increased awareness to dreams increases creativity through a “loosening” of stereotyped thinking pattern.
Metabolomics method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography with time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to analyze toxins in fresh and dried toad venom
Authors: Ma Hongyue , Niu Huixia , Cao Qin , Zhou Jing , Gong Yan , Zhu Zhenhua , Lv Xiang , Di Liuqing , Qian Dawei , Wu Qinan , Duan Jin'ao 
Published: October 2016

Drying is a critical step to prolong the storage time in natural medicine processing but it changes the chemical characteristics of the product. In this study, research was performed to characterize the metabolomic changes in toad venom induced by vacuum‐drying at 60°C and air‐drying at room temperature by ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled with pattern recognition approaches. In total 52 metabolites, down‐regulated or up‐regulated, were identified as potential chemical markers. Compared with fresh toad venom, vacuum‐drying at 60°C succeeded in raising the conjugated‐type bufadienolide content significantly, while the content of free‐type bufadienolides were slightly reduced. On the other hand, toad venom air‐dried at room temperature presented a relatively low amount of bufadienolides compared with fresh venom. For example, the content of several known anti‐tumor components (gamabufotalin, bufotalin, cinobufagin, etc.) were significantly reduced. The 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide bioassay further showed that venom air‐dried at room temperature had weaker anti‐tumor activity on human hepatocellular carcinoma SMMC‐7721 proliferation in vitro than samples vacuum‐dried at 60°C. These results showed that the great metabolomic changes of toad venom occurred during the drying process, suggesting that a proper drying procedure is important for sustaining the chemical quality of natural medicines.
Optimal anesthetic regimen for ambulatory laser microlaryngeal surgery
Authors: Huh Hyub , Park Seol Ju , Lim Hyong Hwan , Jung Kwang Yoon , Baek Seung‐Kuk , Yoon Seung Zhoo , Lee Hye Won , Lim Hye Ja , Cho Jang Eun 
Published: October 2016

Objectives/HypothesisLaser microlaryngeal surgery (LMS) is a short operation requiring brief and intense paralysis. Adequate muscle relaxation and rapid recovery of neuromuscular function are essential for improving surgical conditions and reducing the incidence of complications during LMS. However, the ideal muscle relaxant with a rapid onset and short duration of action is not yet available. Rocuronium has rapid onset at higher doses, but with a prolonged duration of action. Sugammadex is a selective relaxant‐binding agent that allows for rapid reversal of rocuronium‐induced neuromuscular blockade. This study aimed to compare the surgical conditions and anesthesia time between two combinations of neuromuscular blocker and reversal agent, rocuronium‐sugammadex (R‐S) and succinylcholine‐cisatracurium‐pyridostigmine (S‐C‐P), and propose an optimal anesthetic regimen for improving the surgical conditions in LMS patients.Study DesignProspective, randomized, double‐blinded clinical study.MethodsPatients in the R‐S group received 1 mg/kg rocuronium bromide, whereas those in the S‐C‐P group received 1 mg/kg succinylcholine. After endotracheal intubation, 0.08 mg/kg cisatracurium was injected in S‐C‐P patients. After the procedure, R‐S patients received 2 mg/kg sugammedex, whereas S‐C‐P patients received 0.2 mg/kg pyridostigmine plus 10 μg/kg atropine.ResultsIn the R‐S group, surgical condition scores were significantly higher and anesthesia time was significantly shorter. The use of additive neuromuscular blocking agents was significantly higher in the S‐C‐P group.ConclusionsMuscle relaxation with rocuronium and reversal with sugammadex resulted in better surgical conditions and a shorter anesthesia time in patients undergoing LMS when compared to the S‐C‐P regimen.Level of Evidence1b Laryngoscope, 127:1135–1139, 2017
Jumping and overcoming diffusion limitation of nutrient uptake in the photosynthetic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum
Authors: Jiang Houshuo , Johnson Matthew D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractFast, frequent, and spontaneous jumping by the photosynthetic ciliate Mesodinium rubrum is highly adaptive for overcoming diffusion limitation of nutrient uptake. Using high‐speed, high‐magnification, digital imaging, jumping behaviors of an Antarctic and temperate North American strain of M. rubrum were investigated. Both strains displayed multiple‐beat long jumps, wherein maximum jump speeds and total jump durations varied significantly with strain, temperature, and illumination. However, jump distances were surprisingly similar with means approximating six body lengths, which were just above the thickness of nutrient diffusive boundary layer surrounding the cell. Total jump durations scaled by diffusion time scale were < 1 for almost all observed jumps. Moreover, jump distances and square roots of pre‐jump residence times were linearly correlated. Thereby, jumping by M. rubrum is physically constrained by the small‐scale advection‐diffusion physics of the cell's immediately surrounding water. Additionally, to achieve similar jump distances as the temperate strain at warm temperature, the Antarctic strain lengthened each beat cycle of cilia to kinematically compensate low jump speed at cold temperature, but the ratio of power to recovery stroke duration (∼ 6 : 1) remained unchanged with temperature. As further shown by computational fluid dynamics simulations driven by empirical data, multiple‐beat long jumping allows both strains to completely detach the boundary layer and achieve similar Sherwood numbers significantly > 1, despite substantially different jumping kinematics. All these results support the notion that jumping is an essential behavior for M. rubrum to enhance nutrient uptake, and help to explain their high photosynthetic rates and ecological success.
Stream tracer breakthrough curve decomposition into mass fractions: A simple framework to analyze and compare conservative solute transport processes
Authors: Wlostowski Adam N. , Gooseff Michael N. , Bowden William B. , Wollheim Wilfred M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEcological functions are coupled to the physical transport of water and solutes in streams. Transport of conservative tracers in lotic systems is subject to the processes of advection, dispersion, transient storage, and mass loss to groundwater. Stream tracer experiments and the simulation of observed tracer breakthrough curve (BTC) data with 1‐D numerical transient storage models (TSMs) are commonly used to quantify these processes. Results from TSMs can be useful, but issues related to model appropriateness and parameter identifiability suggest a need for conceptually simpler approaches to BTC analyses. We present a new approach to analyze BTCs to quantify the amount of stream water transported by each dominant process. BTCs are analyzed to parse the total quantity of injected tracer mass into three dominant process domains: advection and dispersion, transient storage, and gross loss of tracer. This method can be used to quantify the relative influence of transport processes within, and among streams, and estimate the proportion of stream water associated with each mode of transport. As proof of concept, we apply this approach to conservative tracer injections on two streams of contrasting morphology. Application of this method indicates that transport of injected solute mass in an alluvial stream is dominated by advection and dispersion, relative to a beaded, peat‐bottomed stream, where more tracer mass transport was found to be associated with longer timescale transient storage processes. This approach provides a simple, inexpensive, and useful quantification of dominant transport processes and provides an additional tool for analyzing experimental BTC data.
Modified approach for endoscopic harvest of the latissimus dorsi free flap with CO2 insufflation and standard laparoscopic equipment
Authors: Kiiski Juha , Kaartinen Ilkka , Kotaluoto Sannamari , Kuokkanen Hannu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe latissimus dorsi (LD) muscle flap is frequently used for free tissue transfer to reconstruct large defects of the extremities. As a free flap, the LD also can be harvested as a muscle‐sparing flap (MS‐LD), preserving the innervation and insertion of the remaining muscle. Conventional harvesting of the LD flap, however, results in a long scar on the lateral back. Harvesting using an endoscopic approach minimizes donor site morbidity. We present our modified endoscopic technique with CO2 insufflation and standard endoscopic instruments for harvesting the LD or MS‐LD muscle flap.Patients and methodsTen patients (mean age 43 years, range 22–66) underwent endoscopically harvested LD or MS‐LD free‐flap reconstruction for upper and lower extremity defects. Harvesting required only a short (3–5 cm) incision in the axilla for dissection of the vascular pedicle and the motor nerve, and the remainder of the dissection was performed endoscopically with CO2 insufflation. Dissection was achieved through three of four 5‐mm ports and 30° view angle optics.ResultsSix of the flaps were MS‐LD flaps. The largest flap size was 18 × 16 cm. Mean flap harvest time was 164 min (range 105–270 min). One total flap was lost 3 days postoperatively due to anastomotic thrombosis in a trauma patient who was later diagnosed with hypercoagulopathy. No donor site scar or wound complications were observed during the follow‐up (20.1 months).ConclusionsEndoscopic harvesting of an LD muscle free flap with CO2 insufflation and standard laparoscopic equipment is a feasible option for free‐flap reconstruction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery 37:383–387, 2017.