bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computational fluid dynamic model for the estimation of coke formation and gas generation inside petrochemical furnace pipes with the use of a kinetic net
Authors: Valus Maria Gorete , Fontoura Diener Volpin Ribeiro , Serfaty Ricardo , Nunhez José Roberto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPetrochemical furnaces are used in the petrochemical industry for the preheating of crude oil, residue, gasoil, naphtha, kerosene, and diesel through refining operations. When the fluid flows inside the furnace pipes, thermal cracking occurs. During the heating process, a generation of lighter fractions of petroleum and coke formation takes place. Coke adheres to the wall of the pipes, increasing pressure drop and internally insulating the pipes. Consequently, heat transfer is affected. In most of these processes, during heating and thermal cracking, gases are generated, forming a liquid‐gas two‐phase flow in the pipe. In this work, thermal cracking and gas generation are represented by a kinetic net which takes into account the constituent fractions of the petroleum load, which are represented by six pseudo‐components. The CFD model was able to predict the lighter petroleum fractions and the gas generation as well as the coke formation inside the tube. Coke concentration increases along the pipe as the average temperature of the mixture increases.
Load balanced transaction scheduling using Honey Bee Optimization considering performability in on‐demand computing system
Authors: Mahato Dharmendra Prasad , Singh Ravi Shankar 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe scheduling of load balanced transactions is an emerging problem in on‐demand computing system. This problem can be studied considering several parameters such as resource availability, performance, and reliability. The existing approaches to find the exact solutions for this problem are limited. This paper presents a Honey Bee Optimization (HBO)–based method to solve the mentioned problem. In this method, first, the load of the system is balanced and then the transactions are scheduled using foraging behavior of honey bees to find the optimal solutions. We also modify four known scheduling algorithms such as Ant Colony Optimization (ACO), Hierarchical Load Balanced Algorithm (HLBA), Dynamic and Decentralized Load Balancing (DLB), and Randomized to obtain transaction scheduling algorithms for the purpose of comparison with our proposed algorithm. The compared results show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the modified existing algorithms.
Reducing EMF exposure from WSNs using transmission scheduling
Authors: Dragomir Dan 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThere is increasing pressure from the public to study the effects of electromagnetic field exposure and reduce this exposure for future networks or, at the least, keep it at a constant level. According to the World Health Organization, no link has been found between low levels of exposure to radio waves (as emitted by WiFi devices or mobile phones) and adverse health effects, but reducing exposure has other benefits besides public acceptance, such as reduced interference and improved network performance. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have rarely been studied from an exposure point of view, but their continuing expansion as part of the new Internet of Things vision is slowly bringing them to the spotlight. This work presents a novel evaluation of WSN emissions, using the Exposure Index proposed by the Low EMF Exposure Future Networks (LEXNET) project. Together with this evaluation, a method of reducing exposure by intelligently scheduling WSN transmissions is also proposed. The scheduling method is evaluated using a proposed scenario (compatible with evaluations of other technologies performed in LEXNET) both from a theoretical perspective and in a practical implementation, and results are compared with a baseline solution. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous Occurrence of Quadruple Lewis Acid–Base Interactions between Selenium Atoms in Selenocarbonyl Dimers
Authors: Buralli Gabriel J. , Duarte Darío J. R. , Peruchena Nélida M. , Alkorta Ibon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHigh‐level quantum chemical calculations are performed to investigate C=Se⋅⋅⋅Se=C interactions. Bounded structures are found with binding energies between −4 and −7 kJ mol−1. An energy decomposition analysis shows that dispersion is the more attractive term, and in all cases save one, the electrostatic interaction is attractive despite each selenium atom having a positive σ‐hole at the extension of the C=Se bond. The topological analysis of the molecular electrostatic potential andL(r)=−∇2ρ(r) function, and natural bond orbital analysis reveal that these particular Se⋅⋅⋅Se contacts can be considered to be quadruple Lewis acid–base interactions.
CO2 Activation over Catalytic Surfaces
Authors: Álvarez Andrea , Borges Marta , Corral‐Pérez Juan José , Olcina Joan Giner , Hu Lingjun , Cornu Damien , Huang Rui , Stoian Dragos , Urakawa Atsushi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article describes the main strategies to activate and convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemicals over catalytic surfaces. Coherent elements such as common intermediates are identified in the different strategies and concisely discussed based on the reactivity of CO2 with the aim to understand the decisive factors for selective and efficient CO2 conversion.
LCST Phase Behavior and Complexation with Water of an Ionic Liquid Incorporating the 5‐Phenyltetrazolate Anion
Authors: Moura Leila , Brown Lucy C. , Blesic Marijana , Holbrey John D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe use of 5‐phenyltetrazole, a bioisostere of benzoic acid, as an anion source to prepare an ionic liquid is described for the first time. Tetrabutylphosphonium 5‐phenyltetrazolate undergoes phase separation from water with lower critical solution temperature phase behavior, in contrast to completely water miscible tetrabutylphosphonium benzoate, and also exhibits strong complexation with water with both eutectic and peritectic behavior that has not previously been observed in ionic liquid+water systems. The anhydrous and trihydrate salts were isolated and characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction.
Design and Evaluation of a Boron Dipyrrin Electrophore for Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Heiland Niklas , Cidarér Clemens , Rohr Camilla , Piescheck Mathias , Ahrens Johannes , Bröring Martin , Schröder Uwe 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA boron dipyrrin (BODIPY) dye was designed as a molecular single‐component electrophore for redox flow batteries. All positions of the BODIPY core were assessed on the basis of literature data, in particular cyclic voltammetry and density functional calculations, and a minimum required substitution pattern was designed to provide solubility, aggregation, radical cation and anion stabilities, a large potential window, and synthetic accessibility. In‐depth electrochemical and physical studies of this electrophore revealed suitable cathodic behavior and stability of the radical anion but rapid anodic decomposition of the radical cation. The three products that formed under the conditions of controlled oxidative electrolysis were isolated, and their structures were determined by spectroscopy and comparison with a synthetic model compound. From these structures, a benzylic radical reactivity, initiated by one‐electron oxidation, was concluded to play the major role in this unexpected decomposition.
Recent advances in analytical methods for the therapeutic drug monitoring of immunosuppressive drugs
Authors: Zhang Yu , Zhang Rui 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTherapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of immunosuppressive drugs (ISDs) with a narrow therapeutic index is an increasingly popular tool for minimizing drug toxicity while maximizing the prevention of graft loss and organ rejection. This review focuses on trends regarding analytical methods for the TDM of ISDs since 2011. The five most commonly prescribed immunosuppressive medications are critically reviewed: cyclosporine A, tacrolimus, sirolimus (rapamycin), everolimus, and mycophenolic acid. This review introduces the general background of TDM and ISDs and presents the recent developments in using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and immunoassays for the TDM of ISDs. Finally, a future perspective for these analytical methods is briefly discussed.
MDA, MDMA, and other “mescaline‐like” substances in the US military's search for a truth drug (1940s to 1960s)
Authors: Passie Torsten , Benzenhöfer Udo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article describes the context in which 3,4‐methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and other mescaline‐like compounds were explored as hallucinogens for military and intelligence purposes from the 1940s to the 1960s. Germans first tested mescaline as a “truth drug” in a military context. In the 1940s, the United States military started testing hallucinogenic substances as truth drugs for interrogation and behavior manipulation. After tests carried out using mescaline and other drugs in 1950, some derivatives of mescaline were synthesized by the Army for the exploration of possible “speech‐inducing” effects. After insufficient animal testing, the substances were given to patients at the New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI). 3,4‐Methylenedioxy‐N‐ethylamphetamine (MDE), a compound almost identical to MDMA, was among the compounds delivered for testing at the NYSPI. During tests with other derivatives (3,4‐dimethoxyphenethylamine (DMA), 3,4‐methylenedioxyphenethylamine (MDPEA), MDA) in 1952–53, an unwitting patient died in these tests, which was kept secret from the public. Research was interrupted and toxicological animal testing procedures were initiated. The secret animal studies run in 1953/1954 revealed that some of the “mescaline derivatives” tested (e.g. MDA, MDE, DMA, 3,4,5‐trimethoxyamphetamine (TMA), MDMA) were considered for further testing in humans. In 1955, the military changed focus to lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), but some interest in mescaline‐like compounds remained for their ability to change mood and habit without interfering with cognition and sensory perception. Based on the known documents, it remains unclear (but probable) whether any of the mescaline derivatives tested were being used operationally.
Strong indirect herbicide effects on mycorrhizal associations through plant community shifts and secondary invasions
Authors: Lekberg Ylva , Wagner Viktoria , Rummel Alexii , McLeod Morgan , Ramsey Philip W. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMillion of acres of U.S. wildlands are sprayed with herbicides to control invasive species, but relatively little is known about non‐target effects of herbicide use. We combined greenhouse, field, and laboratory experiments involving the invasive forb spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) and native bunchgrasses to assess direct and indirect effects of the forb‐specific herbicide picloram on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), which are beneficial soil fungi that colonize most plants. Picloram had no effect on bunchgrass viability and their associated AMF in the greenhouse, but killed spotted knapweed and reduced AMF colonization of a subsequent host grown. Results were similar in the field where AMF abundance in bunchgrass‐dominated plots was unaffected by herbicides one year after spraying based on 16:1ω5 phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and neutral lipid fatty acid (NLFA) concentrations. In spotted‐knapweed‐dominated plots, however, picloram application shifted dominance from spotted knapweed, a good AMF host, to bulbous bluegrass (Poa bulbosa), a poor AMF host. This coincided with a 63% reduction in soil 16:1ω5 NLFA concentrations but no reduction of 16:1ω5 PLFA. Because 16:1ω5 NLFA quantifies AMF storage lipids and 16:1ω5 PLFA occurs in AMF membrane lipids, we speculate that the herbicide‐mediated reduction in host quality reduced fungal carbon storage, but not necessarily fungal abundance after one year in the field. Overall, in greenhouse and field experiments, AMF were only affected when picloram altered host quantity and quality. This apparent lack of direct effect was supported by our in‐vitro trial where picloram applied to AMF mycelia did not reduce fungal biomass and viability. We show that the herbicide picloram can have profound, indirect effects on AMF within one year. Depending on herbicide‐mediated shifts in host quality, rapid interventions may be necessary post herbicide applications to prevent loss of AMF abundance. Future research should assess consequences of these potential shifts for the restoration of native plants that differ in mycorrhizal dependency.
From early life to senescence: individual heterogeneity in a long‐lived seabird
Authors: Fay Rémi , Barbraud Christophe , Delord Karine , Weimerskirch Henri 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough population studies have long assumed that all individuals of a given sex and age are identical, ignoring among‐individual differences may strongly bias our perception of eco‐evolutionary processes. Individual heterogeneity, often referred to as individual quality, has received increasing research attention in the last decades. However, there are still substantial gaps in our current knowledge. For example, there is little information on how individual heterogeneity influences various life‐history traits simultaneously, and studies describing individual heterogeneity in wild populations are generally not able to jointly identify possible sources of this variation. Here, based on a mark–recapture data set of 9,685 known‐aged Wandering Albatrosses (Diomedea exulans), we investigated the existence of individual quality over the entire life cycle of this species, from early life to senescence. Using finite mixture models, we investigated the expression of individual heterogeneity in various demographic traits, and examined the origin of these among‐individual differences by considering the natal environmental conditions. We found that some individuals consistently outperformed others during most of their life. In old age, however, the senescence rate was stronger in males that showed high demographic performance at younger ages. Variation in individual quality seemed strongly affected by extrinsic factors experienced during the ontogenetic period. We found that individuals born in years with high population density tended to have lower performances during their lifespan, suggesting delayed density dependence effects through individual quality. Our study showed that among‐individual differences could be important in structuring individual life history trajectories, with substantial consequences at higher ecological levels such as population dynamics.
Thermal and residual mechanical profile of recycled aggregate concrete prepared with carbonated concrete aggregates after exposure to elevated temperatures
Authors: Xuan Dongxing , Zhan Baojian , Poon Chi Sun 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThermal and residual mechanical performance of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) prepared with recycled concrete aggregates (RCAs) after exposure to high temperatures has so far received less attention than that of conventional concrete prepared with natural aggregates (NAs). This study experimentally investigated thermal and residual mechanical performance of RAC prepared with different replacement percentages of non‐carbonated and carbonated RCAs after exposure to high temperatures. The residual mechanical properties, including compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, and peak strain at the maximum strength, were measured for evaluating the fire resistance of RAC. The experimental results showed that although the fire‐resistant ability of natural granite aggregates was high, thermal deterioration of the conventional concrete after exposure to 600°C, presented by thermal induced mesocracks, was more serious than that of RAC due to thermal incompatibility between NAs and mortar. Using the carbonated RCAs can reduce the width of thermal mesocrack in RAC. The residual mechanical properties of RAC after exposure to 600°C can be obviously improved by incorporating 20% to 40% of the carbonated RCAs. For the RAC made with the 100% carbonated RCAs, the ratio of residual to initial compressive strength after exposure to above 500°C was even higher than that of the conventional concrete.
Influence of particle size and extraction solvent on antioxidant properties of extracts of tea, ginger, and tea–ginger blend
Authors: Makanjuola Solomon A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe influence of particle size and extraction solvent on the antioxidant properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of tea (Camellia sinensis), ginger (Zingiber officinale), and tea–ginger (2:1) blend was investigated. The powder sizes studied were 0.425, 0.710, and 1.180 mm. Extracts were analyzed for DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging activity, total phenol content (TPC), iron chelating activity, total flavonoid content, and peroxide scavenging activity. The powder with the lowest particle size of 0.425 mm tends to produce aqueous extracts of tea, ginger, and tea–ginger with highest antioxidant content. At this lowest particle size all the antioxidant properties assayed were maximized. The TPC of aqueous extracts obtained from the 0.425 mm tea, ginger, and tea–ginger powders were 685.44 ± 175, 283.58 ± 19, and 483.02 ± 176 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) L−1, respectively. The TPC of aqueous extracts obtained from the 0.710 mm tea, ginger, and tea–ginger powders were 679.06 ± 169, 208.94 ± 147, and 400.10 ± 130 mg GAE L−1, respectively. However, for the aqueous ethanolic and ethanolic extracts, the particle size that maximized the antioxidant extraction varied depending on the antioxidant property that was being assayed. The study suggests that particle size influences the extraction of antioxidants. Also, the optimum powder size that would maximize antioxidant extraction is dependent on the solvent used and the antioxidant property being measured.
Estrogenic chemicals at body burden levels attenuate energy metabolism in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Tsou Tsui‐Chun , Yeh Szu‐Ching , Hsu Jhih‐Wei , Tsai Feng‐Yuan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe study aimed to examine effects of environmental estrogens at body burden levels on energy metabolism in fat cells. Acclimation of T47D‐KBluc cells in estrogen‐deprived medium was established for high performance of estrogen‐responsive luciferase reporter assay. With the assay, relative estrogenic potency of four selected estrogen receptor (ER) agonists, i.e. diethylstilbestrol, β‐estradiol, 4‐nonylphenol and bisphenol A, were determined. Immunoblot analysis revealed that the ER agonists at both EC80 and EC100 caused rapid and transient phosphorylation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinases (ERK) in an ER‐dependent manner. 3T3‐L1 adipocytes treated with the ER agonists at EC80 for 24 hours exhibited significant downregulation in mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic function. Importantly, EC80 values of 4‐nonylphenol (6.0 × 10−10 m) and bisphenol A (1.0 × 10−8 m) are in the range of human body burdens. The finding that estrogenic chemicals at body burden levels cause significant impact on fat cell energy metabolism raises an important public health issue that deserves more attention.
Study of the properties of adsorption of SO2 – thermal regeneration cycle of activated coke modified by oxidization
Authors: Cui Xiaoxu , Yi Honghong , Tang Xiaolong , Zhao Shunzheng , Yang Kun , Yan Bojun , Li Chenlu , Yang Xi , Feng Tiecheng , Ma Yueqiang 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn order to clarify the effect of thermal regeneration on the desulfurization performance of activated coke, consecutive adsorption of SO2–thermal regeneration cycle experiments were carried out under different thermal conditions in this study.RESULTSResults showed that the decrease in breakthrough sulfur capacity was not very significant for the cokes except for the first regeneration cycles. From 400–600 °C, the higher the regeneration temperature was, the better the desulfurization activity of the cokes after regeneration. Various means (FT‐IR, BET, XPS, TGA, SEM and in situ DRIFTS) were used to characterize samples. The results indicated that the desulfurization products were divided into physisorbed SO2, H2SO4 and sulfate. The phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups on the surface of activated cokes promoted the removal of SO2.CONCLUSIONThe deposition of sulfate resulted in a significant decrease in the sulfur capacity of activated coke after the first two regeneration cycles. However, the residual amount of sulfate on the activated coke after regeneration declined with increasing regeneration temperature. Moreover, the phenolic hydroxyl and carboxyl groups did not disappear after regeneration, resulting in the desulfurization activity of cokes remaining relatively stable during subsequent desulfurization cycles. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Exercise‐induced acute renal failure in a trainee cyclist without hypouricemia: Successful athletic career post‐treatment
Authors: Shimizu Yoko , Takaori Koji , Maeda Sayako 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAcute renal failure with severe loin pain and patchy renal ischemia after anaerobic exercise (ALPE) is exercise‐induced acute renal failure that occurs without myoglobinuria. We describe a typical case involving an 18‐year‐old man. Generally, patients with ALPE are advised to avoid anaerobic exercise due to risk of recurrence, but our patient continued and went on to become a professional cyclist without relapse. About 51% of ALPE cases involve patients with renal hypouricemia. His serum uric acid levels were rather high, at 6.4 mg/dL. He is the first patient with ALPE to succeed as a professional athlete in an anaerobic sport.
Hyperosmolarity induces notochordal cell differentiation with aquaporin3 upregulation and reduced N‐cadherin expression
Authors: Palacio‐Mancheno Paolo E. , Evashwick‐Rogler Thomas W. , Laudier Damien M. , Purmessur Devina , Iatridis James C. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTThe nucleus pulposus (NP) of intervertebral discs (IVD) undergoes dramatic changes with aging including loss of its gelatinous structure and large, vacuolated notochordal cells (NCs) in favor of a matrix‐rich structure populated by small NP cells (sNPCs). NP maturation also involves a loading‐pattern shift from pressurization to matrix deformations, and these events are thought to predispose to degeneration. Little is known of the triggering events and cellular alterations involved with NP maturation, which remains a fundamental open spinal mechanobiology question. A mouse IVD organ culture model was used to test the hypotheses that hyperosmotic overloading will induce NP maturation with transition of NCs to sNPCs while also increasing matrix accumulation and altering osmoregulatory and mechanotransductive proteins. Results indicated that static hyperosmolarity, as might occur during growth, caused maturation of NCs to sNPCs and involved a cellular differentiation process since known NC markers (cytokeratin‐8, ‐19, and sonic hedgehog) persisted without increased cell apoptosis. Osmosensitive channels Aquaporin 3 (Aqp3) and transient receptor potential vanilloid‐4 (TRPV4) expression were both modified with altered osmolarity, but increased Aqp3 with hyperosmolarity was associated with NC to sNPC differentiation. NC to sNPC differentiation was accompanied by a shift in cellular mechanotransduction proteins with decreased N‐cadherin adhesions and increased Connexin 43 connexons. We conclude that hyperosmotic overloading can promote NC differentiation into sNPCs. This study identified osmolarity as a triggering mechanism for notochordal cell differentiation with associated shifts in osmoregulatory and mechanotransductive proteins that are likely to play important roles in intervertebral disc aging. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:788–798, 2018.