bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of under-reporting of energy intake on dietary patterns and on the associations between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic disease in women aged 50–69 years
Authors: Markussen Marianne S. , Veierød Marit B. , Ursin Giske , Andersen Lene F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate whether under-reporting of energy intake affects derived dietary patterns and the association between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic disease. Diets of 6204 women aged 50–69 years participating in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program were assessed using a 253-item FFQ. We identified dietary patterns using principal component analysis. According to the revised Goldberg cut-off method, women with a ratio of reported energy intake:estimated BMR<1·10 were classified as low energy reporters (n 1133, 18 %). We examined the associations between dietary patterns and self-reported chronic diseases by log-binomial regression, and the results are presented as prevalence ratios (PR) and CI. ‘Prudent’, ‘Western’ and ‘Continental’ dietary patterns were identified among all reporters and plausible reporters. The PR expressing the associations between the ‘Western’ and ‘Prudent’ dietary pattern scores and self-reported chronic diseases were consistently highest among plausible reporters except for joint/muscle/skeletal disorders. The largest difference in PR among plausible v. all reporters was found for the association between the ‘Prudent’ pattern and diabetes (PR for highest v. lowest tertile: PRall reporters 2·16; 95 % CI 1·50, 3·13; Ptrend<0·001; PRplausible reporters 2·86; 95 % CI 1·81, 4·51; Ptrend<0·001). In conclusion, our results suggest that under-reporting can result in systematic error that can affect the association between dietary pattern and disease. In studies of dietary patterns, investigators ought to consider reporting effect estimates both for all individuals and for plausible reporters.
Exome sequencing identified a novelde novo OPA1mutation in a consanguineous family presenting with optic atrophy
Authors: COHEN LIOR , TZUR SHAY , GOLDENBERG-COHEN NITZA , BORMANS CONCETTA , BEHAR DORON M. , REINSTEIN EYAL 
Published: June 2016

SummaryInherited optic neuropathies are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by mild to severe visual loss, colour vision deficit, central or paracentral visual field defects and optic disc pallor. Optic atrophies can be classified into isolated or non-syndromic and syndromic forms. While multiple modes of inheritance have been reported, autosomal dominant optic atrophy and mitochondrial inherited Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy are the most common forms. Optic atrophy type 1, caused by mutations in theOPA1gene is believed to be the most common hereditary optic neuropathy, and most patients inherit a mutation from an affected parent. In this study we used whole-exome sequencing to investigate the genetic aetiology in a patient affected with isolated optic atrophy. Since the proband was the only affected individual in his extended family, and was a product of consanguineous marriage, homozygosity mapping followed by whole-exome sequencing were pursued. Exome results identified a novelde novo OPA1mutation in the proband. We conclude, that thoughde novo OPA1mutations are uncommon, testing of common optic atrophy-associated genes such as mitochondrial mutations andOPA1gene sequencing should be performed first in single individuals presenting with optic neuropathy, even when dominant inheritance is not apparent.
Richness and distribution of tropical oyster parasites in two oceans
Authors: PAGENKOPP LOHAN KATRINA M. , HILL-SPANIK KRISTINA M. , TORCHIN MARK E. , AGUIRRE-MACEDO LEOPOLDINA , FLEISCHER ROBERT C. , RUIZ GREGORY M. 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYParasites can exert strong effects on population to ecosystem level processes, but data on parasites are limited for many global regions, especially tropical marine systems. Characterizing parasite diversity and distributions are the first steps towards understanding the potential impacts of parasites. The Panama Canal serves as an interesting location to examine tropical parasite diversity and distribution, as it is a conduit between two oceans and a hub for international trade. We examined metazoan and protistan parasites associated with ten oyster species collected from both Panamanian coasts, including the Panama Canal and Bocas del Toro. We found multiple metazoan taxa (pea crabs,Stylochusspp.,Urastoma cyrinae). Our molecular screening for protistan parasites detected four species ofPerkinsus(Perkinsus marinus, Perkinsus chesapeaki, Perkinsus olseni, Perkinsus beihaiensis) and several haplosporidians, including two genera (Minchinia, Haplosporidium). Species richness was higher for the protistan parasites than for the metazoans, with haplosporidian richness being higher thanPerkinsusrichness.Perkinsusspecies were the most frequently detected and most geographically widespread among parasite groups. Parasite richness and overlap differed between regions, locations and oyster hosts. These results have important implications for tropical parasite richness and the dispersal of parasites due to shipping associated with the Panama Canal.
Assessing the efficiency of protected areas to represent biodiversity: a small island case study
Authors: VERGÍLIO MARTA , FONSECA CATARINA , CALADO HELENA , BORGES PAULO A.V. , ELIAS RUI BENTO , GABRIEL ROSALINA , MARTINS ANTÓNIO , AZEVEDO EDUARDO , CARDOSO PEDRO 
Published: June 2016

SUMMARYProtected areas (PAs) have been selected using either subjective or objective criteria applied to an extremely limited subset of biodiversity. Improved availability of species distribution data, better statistical tools to predict species distributions and algorithms to optimize spatial conservation planning allow many impediments to be overcome, particularly on small islands. This study analyses whether 219 species are adequately protected by PAs on Pico Island (the Azores, Portugal), and if they are as efficient as possible, maximizing species protection while minimizing costs. We performed distribution modelling of species’ potential distributions, proposed individual conservation targets (considering the context of each species in the archipelago and their current conservation status) to determine the efficiency of current PAs in meeting such targets and identify alternative or complementary areas relevant for conservation. Results showed that current PAs do not cover all taxa, leaving out important areas for conservation. We demonstrate that by using optimization algorithms it is possible to include most species groups in spatial conservation planning in the Azores with the current resources. With increasing availability of data and methods, this approach could be readily extended to other islands and regions with high endemism levels.
Thermal properties of Antarctic soils: wetting controls subsurface thermal state
Authors: Levy Joseph S. , Schmidt Logan M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMineral soils in the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV), Antarctica, are commonly considered to be dry, and therefore to be good insulators with low thermal diffusivity values (~0.2 mm2s-1). However, field measurements of soil moisture profiles with depth, coupled with observations of rapid ground ice melt, suggest that the thermal characteristics of MDV soils, and thus their resistance to thaw, may be spatially variable and strongly controlled by soil moisture content. The thermal conductivity, heat capacity and thermal diffusivity of 17 MDV soils were measured over a range of soil moisture conditions from dry to saturated. We found that thermal diffusivity varied by a factor of eight for these soils, despite the fact that they consist of members of only two soil groups. The thermal diffusivity of the soils increased in all cases with increasing soil moisture content, suggesting that permafrost and ground ice thaw in mineral soils may generate a positive thawing feedback in which wet soils conduct additional heat to depth, enhancing rates of permafrost thaw and thermokarst formation.
Neurocognitive Correlates of Successful Treatment of PTSD in Female Veterans
Authors: Haaland Kathleen Y. , Sadek Joseph R. , Keller Jenna E. , Castillo Diane T. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground:The influence of psychotherapy on neurocognition in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has not been examined methodically. This is despite evidence that pre-treatment learning and memory has been associated with treatment success and that executive function theories emphasize weak executive functions (especially inhibition/switching) are associated with PTSD.Objectives:To determine (1) if higher pre-treatment learning/memory, inhibition/switching, or both predict treatment success; and (2) if treatment success is associated with specific improvement in inhibition/switching and not learning/memory or working memory, another aspect of executive function.Methods:Pre-treatment neurocognition and neurocognitive changes (inhibition/switching, learning/memory, working memory) were examined in female veterans with PTSD. They were evaluated before and after 16-weeks of group psychotherapy for PTSD that included three counterbalanced modules (cognitive restructuring therapy, exposure therapy, skills training) with fidelity checks for therapist adherence.Results:Only pre-treatment learning/memory predicted better treatment outcome. Treatment success was associated with improvement in inhibition/switching only, even after controlling for mild traumatic brain injury, and changes in depressive symptoms, working memory, and learning/memory.Conclusions:Our finding that learning/memory predicted treatment success is consistent with previous studies. We extended these studies by showing that the effect was restricted to learning/memory, which is contrary to the executive function theory of PTSD. In contrast, the fact that only inhibition/switching significantly improved with better treatment success is consistent with its potential importance in maintaining PTSD symptoms. Future research should determine whether inhibition/switching abilities are a risk for development and maintenance of PTSD or whether such abilities have a broader reciprocal relationship with PTSD symptom change. (JINS, 2016,22, 643–651)
Chronic Effects of Blast-Related TBI on Subcortical Functional Connectivity in Veterans
Authors: Newsome Mary R. , Mayer Andrew R. , Lin Xiaodi , Troyanskaya Maya , Jackson George R. , Scheibel Randall S. , Walder Annette , Sathiyaraj Ajithraj , Wilde Elisabeth A. , Mukhi Shalini , Taylor Brian A. , Levin Harvey S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectives: Blast explosions are the most frequent mechanism of traumatic brain injury (TBI) in recent wars, but little is known about their long-term effects. Methods: Functional connectivity (FC) was measured in 17 veterans an average of 5.46 years after their most serious blast related TBI, and in 15 demographically similar veterans without TBI or blast exposure. Subcortical FC was measured in bilateral caudate, putamen, and globus pallidus. The default mode and fronto-parietal networks were also investigated. Results: In subcortical regions, between-groups t tests revealed altered FC from the right putamen and right globus pallidus. However, following analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with age, depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), and posttraumatic stress disorder symptom (PTSD Checklist – Civilian version) measures, significant findings remained only for the right globus pallidus with anticorrelation in bilateral temporal occipital fusiform cortex, occipital fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, and cerebellum, as well as the right occipital pole. No group differences were found for the default mode network. Although reduced FC was found in the fronto-parietal network in the TBI group, between-group differences were nonsignificant after the ANCOVA. Conclusions: FC of the globus pallidus is altered years after exposure to blast related TBI. Future studies are necessary to explore the trajectory of changes in FC in subcortical regions after blast TBI, the effects of isolated versus repetitive blast-related TBI, and the relation to long-term outcomes in veterans. (JINS, 2016, 22, 631–642)
Accuracy of Self-report as a Method of Screening for Lifetime Occurrence of Traumatic Brain Injury Events that Resulted in Hospitalization
Authors: McKinlay Audrey , Horwood L. John , Fergusson David M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundTraumatic brain injury (TBI) occurs frequently during child and early adulthood, and is associated with negative outcomes including increased risk of drug abuse, mental health disorders and criminal offending. Identification of previous TBI for at-risk populations in clinical settings often relies on self-report, despite little information regarding self-report accuracy. This study examines the accuracy of adult self-report of hospitalized TBI events and the factors that enhance recall.MethodsThe Christchurch Health and Development Study is a birth cohort of 1265 children born in Christchurch, New Zealand, in 1977. A history of TBI events was prospectively gathered at each follow-up (yearly intervals 0–16, 18, 21, 25 years) using parental/self-report, verified using hospital records.ResultsAt 25 years, 1003 cohort members were available, with 59/101 of all hospitalized TBI events being recalled. Recall varied depending on the age at injury and injury severity, with 10/11 of moderate/severe TBI being recalled. Logistic regression analysis indicated that a model using recorded loss of consciousness, age at injury, and injury severity, could accurately classify whether or not TBI would be reported in over 74% of cases.ConclusionsThis research demonstrates that, even when individuals are carefully cued, many instances of TBI will not recalled in adulthood despite the injury having required a period of hospitalization. Therefore, screening for TBI may require a combination of self-report and review of hospital files to ensure that all cases are identified. (JINS, 2016,22, 717–723)
Chemical parameters and bacterial communities associated with larval habitats of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in western Kenya
Authors: Onchuru Thomas Ogao , Ajamma Yvonne Ukamaka , Burugu Marion , Kaltenpoth Martin , Masiga Daniel , Villinger Jandouwe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAquatic larval habitat conditions influence the development, fitness and vectorial capacity of mosquitoes. In turn, human activities can influence these conditions and shape mosquito vector distribution, thus affecting pathogen circulation and transmission. We measured environmental factors (chemical and microbial) in mosquito larval habitats and evaluated their potential as predictors for the occurrence of different mosquito species in an arbovirus and malaria endemic region of western Kenya. We found significantly greater proportions ofAedes aegyptimosquito larvae in ammonium and phosphate rich habitats, suggesting that fertilizer usage could potentially increase aquatic habitat suitability andAedesvectored disease transmission.Anopheles gambiaelarval habitats correlated significantly with higher temperatures. However, none of theCulexspecies’ habitats correlated with investigated variables, indicating greater larval plasticity compared toAedesorAnopheles. Profiling of bacterial communities by 16S rRNA pyrosequencing revealed Proteobacteria, Bacterioidetes and Firmicutes as the major bacteria phyla present in mosquito aquatic microhabitats. Although there were no correlations between microbiota composition or diversity and larval species abundance, the dominant genera of microbes detected in larval habitats were reported in larval and adult mid-guts, suggesting that bacteria acquired from the larval habitats are transmitted to adult stages. This study identified the chemical and bacterial composition of aquatic microhabitats that are conducive to the development of different mosquito vectors in western Kenya. This information can inform potential vector control strategies by assessing management of breeding sites based on likely exposure to fertilizer, light and bacterial fauna.
Host plant-based variation in fitness traits and major detoxifying enzymes activity in Scirtothrips dorsalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), an emerging sucking pest of tea
Authors: Saha Dhiraj 
Published: June 2016

AbstractScirtothrips dorsalisHood is a polyphagous species and an important sucking pest of tea (Camellia sinensis) (Theaceae). The fitness traits ofS. dorsalison two alternative host plants:Capsicum annuumL. (chilli) (Solanaceae) andRicinus communis(castor oil plant) (Euphorbiaceae) and onC. sinensisand corresponding levels of defence enzymes was studied. The study revealed thatC. sinensisis the more suitable host ofS. dorsalisbased on faster development (13.6 days) compared to the alternative hosts,C. annuum(15.5 days) andR. communis(16.7 days), a higher fecundity (C. sinensis: 11.4 eggs;C. annuum: 9.7 eggs;R. communis: 8.6 eggs), and superior egg hatchability (C. sinensis, 92.6%;C. annuum: 82.5%; andR. communis: 74.6%). The host-based variation in the fitness traits ofS. dorsaliscorroborated in light of differential activity of three major detoxifying enzymes, such as the general esterases (GEs), glutathioneS-transferases (GSTs), and cytochrome P450 mediated monooxygenases (CYPs). Densitometric analysis of GEs showed five esterase isozymes (EST I–V) with retardation factor (Rf) values of 0.17, 0.22, 0.27, 0.35 and 0.52, respectively. The pixel density, and accordingly the profile height, varied in different host-specificS. dorsalis. A significant variation of the quantity of these enzymes was also apparent in the insect when reared on the three hosts. A 2.4 and 2.7, 1.6 and 2.0, and 2.0 and 2.3-fold higher GEs, GSTs and CYPs activity on the two non-tea hosts possibly signify a predisposition of the species for higher tolerance to insecticides, enabling the pest to switch to tea where synthetic insecticides are routinely used.
Class I HDAC inhibitor mocetinostat induces apoptosis by activation of miR-31 expression and suppression of E2F6
Authors: Zhang Q , Sun M , Zhou S , Guo B 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe class I selective inhibitor of the histone deacetylases, mocetinostat, has promising antitumor activities in both preclinical studies and the clinical trials. To understand how mocetinostat induces apoptosis, we examined the effects of mocetinostat on miR-31, a proapoptotic microRNA that was previously found to be epigenetically silenced in prostate cancer. We found that miR-31 was significantly upregulated by mocetinostat in prostate cancer cells. Antiapoptotic protein E2F6, the target of miR-31, was decreased by mocetinostat treatment. When miR-31 was blocked with an inhibitor, the ability of mocetinostat to induce apoptosis was reduced. We further demonstrated that mocetinostat enhanced the activity of docetaxel in apoptosis induction. While siRNA knockdown of E2F6 sensitized cancer cells to mocetinostat-induced apoptosis, overexpression of E2F6 blocked mocetinostat-induced apoptosis. In an orthotopic xenograft model, we demonstrated that mocetinostat activated miR-31, decreased E2F6, induced apoptosis, and significantly reduced prostate cancer growth. Importantly, we found that mocetinostat also increased miR-31 expression, decreased E2F6, and induced apoptosis in the primary prostate cancer stem cells. Thus, activation of miR-31 and downregulation of E2F6 constitute an important mechanism in mocetinostat-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer.
Involvement of human ribosomal proteins in nucleolar structure and p53-dependent nucleolar stress
Authors: Nicolas Emilien , Parisot Pascaline , Pinto-Monteiro Celina , de Walque Roxane , De Vleeschouwer Christophe , Lafontaine Denis L. J. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe nucleolus is a potent disease biomarker and a target in cancer therapy. Ribosome biogenesis is initiated in the nucleolus where most ribosomal (r-) proteins assemble onto precursor rRNAs. Here we systematically investigate how depletion of each of the 80 human r-proteins affects nucleolar structure, pre-rRNA processing, mature rRNA accumulation and p53 steady-state level. We developed an image-processing programme for qualitative and quantitative discrimination of normal from altered nucleolar morphology. Remarkably, we find that uL5 (formerly RPL11) and uL18 (RPL5) are the strongest contributors to nucleolar integrity. Together with the 5S rRNA, they form the late-assembling central protuberance on mature 60S subunits, and act as an Hdm2 trap and p53 stabilizer. Other major contributors to p53 homeostasis are also strictly late-assembling large subunit r-proteins essential to nucleolar structure. The identification of the r-proteins that specifically contribute to maintaining nucleolar structure and p53 steady-state level provides insights into fundamental aspects of cell and cancer biology.
Identification of ETV6-RUNX1-like and DUX4-rearranged subtypes in paediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Lilljebjörn Henrik , Henningsson Rasmus , Hyrenius-Wittsten Axel , Olsson Linda , Orsmark-Pietras Christina , von Palffy Sofia , Askmyr Maria , Rissler Marianne , Schrappe Martin , Cario Gunnar , Castor Anders , Pronk Cornelis J. H. , Behrendtz Mikael , Mitelman Felix , Johansson Bertil , Paulsson Kajsa , Andersson Anna K. , Fontes Magnus , Fioretos Thoas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractFusion genes are potent driver mutations in cancer. In this study, we delineate the fusion gene landscape in a consecutive series of 195 paediatric B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (BCP ALL). Using RNA sequencing, we find in-frame fusion genes in 127 (65%) cases, including 27 novel fusions. We describe a subtype characterized by recurrent IGH-DUX4 or ERG-DUX4 fusions, representing 4% of cases, leading to overexpression of DUX4 and frequently co-occurring with intragenic ERG deletions. Furthermore, we identify a subtype characterized by an ETV6-RUNX1-like gene-expression profile and coexisting ETV6 and IKZF1 alterations. Thus, this study provides a detailed overview of fusion genes in paediatric BCP ALL and adds new pathogenetic insights, which may improve risk stratification and provide therapeutic options for this disease.
Avoiding short circuits from zinc metal dendrites in anode by backside-plating configuration
Authors: Higashi Shougo , Lee Seok Woo , Lee Jang Soo , Takechi Kensuke , Cui Yi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPortable power sources and grid-scale storage both require batteries combining high energy density and low cost. Zinc metal battery systems are attractive due to the low cost of zinc and its high charge-storage capacity. However, under repeated plating and stripping, zinc metal anodes undergo a well-known problem, zinc dendrite formation, causing internal shorting. Here we show a backside-plating configuration that enables long-term cycling of zinc metal batteries without shorting. We demonstrate 800 stable cycles of nickel–zinc batteries with good power rate (20 mA cm−2, 20 C rate for our anodes). Such a backside-plating method can be applied to not only zinc metal systems but also other metal-based electrodes suffering from internal short circuits.