bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of intravoxel incoherent motion MRI to assess renal fibrosis in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Cai Xiang‐Ran , Yu Juan , Zhou Qing‐Chun , Du Bin , Feng You‐Zhen , Liu Xiao‐ling 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo investigate the potential of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessment of renal fibrosis using a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).Materials and MethodsThirty‐two UUO rats were created by complete ligation of the left ureter. IVIM was performed on a clinical 3.0T whole‐body MRI scanner before the ligation (day 0) and on days 1, 3, 5, and 7 after ligation, and followed by histological analysis to examine α‐smooth muscle actin (α‐SMA) expression and tubulointerstitial lesion (TIL). IVIM parameters of renal cortex and medulla were measured. Changes in each parameter with time were analyzed and correlated with α‐SMA expression level and grades of TIL.ResultsThe apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion (D), and fractional perfusion (f) values between the cortex and inner medulla and between the cortex and outer medulla were found to be significantly different (P < 0.01). The average ADC, D, D*, and f values of renal cortex, outer medulla, and inner medulla on the UUO side significantly decreased over time (P < 0.05), and negatively correlated with both α‐SMA expression level and TIL grades (Spearman Correlation Coefficient r: ADC and α‐SMA.805, –0.707, –0.805; ADC and TIL: –0.758, –0.761, –0.810; D and α‐SMA: –0.782, –0.486, –0.833; D and TIL: –0.518, –0.504, –0.826; D* and α‐SMA: –0.707, –0.605, –0.639; D* and TIL: –0.450, –0.670, –0.701; f and α‐SMA: –0.866, –0.872, –0.863; and TIL: –0.870, –0.875, –0.863).ConclusionsIVIM MRI shows great potential in noninvasive assessment of renal fibrosis induced by UUO. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:698–706.
On mechanisms that determine synoptic time scale convection over East Africa
Authors: Mekonnen Ademe , Thorncroft Chris D. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThis study explores potential mechanisms to explain the marked synoptic scale variability in convection seen over East Africa during the July–September season. Regression composites based on analysis of 22 years of brightness temperature and reanalysis datasets highlights a complicated evolution for this synoptic convection. Active convection in the region is typically preceded by a coherent eastward moving convective signal that is followed by a period with a prominent westward moving convective signal away from the region. Results suggest that this sequence is associated with eastward propagation of convectively coupled Kelvin waves (CCKWs) that subsequently trigger westward‐moving African easterly waves (EWs). Results also indicate that synoptic convection in the East African region is impacted by westward moving upper tropospheric EWs originating on the tropical easterly jet in the South Asian region. These upper EWs propagate through East Africa with about a 4‐day period, consistent with the synoptic convection variability observed over East Africa. Consistent with local forecaster experience, analysis of the regional spatial patterns of convection and associated moisture flux convergence show that a coherent signal propagates northeastwards from the equatorial Congo region to East Africa on synoptic timescales. The evolution resembles the CCKW‐associated signal suggesting that CCKWs contribute to this synoptic variability.
Does microscopically involved margin increase disease recurrence after curative surgery in papillary thyroid carcinoma?
Authors: Lang Brian Hung‐Hin , Shek Tony W.H. , Wan Koon Yat 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundThe prognostic significance of microscopically involved margin in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) following curative surgery remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the impact of an involved margin and its location (anterior vs. posterior) on disease recurrence.MethodsOf the 638 eligible patients, 538 (85.9%) did not have an involved margin (group I) while 100 (14.1%) did (group II). The latter group was further classified according to its location relative to the surface of the thyroid gland (anterior or posterior). A multivariate analysis was conducted to identify independent factors for recurrence risk.ResultsAfter a mean of 130.1 ± 93.5 months, 22 patients had disease recurrence. The 10‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) was significantly worse in group II (95.0% vs. 97.0%, P = 0.011). After adjusting other significant factors, involved margin was not an independent risk factor for disease recurrence (P = 0.358). Compared to a negative margin, an anterior involved margin did not pose increased recurrence risk (HR = 1.21, 95%CI = 0.93–500.00, P = 0.368), whereas a posterior involved margin had almost 23 times higher recurrence risk (HR = 22.95; 95%CI = 4.33–121.70, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOverall, a microscopically involved margin was not an independent factor for DFS. However, although an anterior involved margin itself did not increase disease recurrence, a posterior involved margin did. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:635–639. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The epidemiology of the human papillomavirus related to oropharyngeal head and neck cancer
Authors: Gooi Zhen , Chan Jason Y. K. , Fakhry Carole 
Published: February 2016

ObjectiveTo summarize the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV)‐related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC).Data SourcesArticles in the English language referenced in MEDLINE/PubMed from the year 2000 onward.Review MethodsRelevant articles pertaining to the epidemiology of HPV‐related OSCC were selected for review, with a particular preference for articles from 2008 onward.ResultsThe incidence of HPV‐related OSCC continues to increase in North America and Western Europe, with up to 70% of new oropharyngeal cancer cases being attributed to HPV, whereas data from the developing world remain lacking. There is evidence to support distinct risk factors for HPV‐related OSCC as compared with HPV‐unrelated OSCC. The long‐term natural history of HPV infections remains unknown. HPV‐related OSCC are associated with an improved prognosis both at the time of primary diagnosis and disease progression. There is preliminary evidence to show that HPV vaccination initiatives are effective in preventing HPV cervical infections, although data related to oral HPV infections are lacking.ConclusionThe epidemiology of HPV‐related OSCC is evolving. Further efforts are needed to characterize the natural history of oral HPV infection and its relationship with the eventual development of HPV‐associated OSCC to develop effective tools for secondary prevention.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 126:894–900, 2016
Impaired Left Ventricular Reserve in Childhood Cancer Survivors Treated With Anthracycline Therapy
Authors: Kaneko Sachie , Tham Edythe B. , Haykowsky Mark J. , Spavor Maria , Khoo Nee S. , Mackie Andrew S. , Smallhorn Jeffrey F. , Thompson Richard B. , Nelson Michael D. 
Published: February 2016

BackgroundChildhood cancer survivors show evidence of diffuse myocardial fibrosis that is related to exercise capacity. The mechanism of reduced exercise tolerance in anthracycline cardiotoxicity remains unclear. We explored the determinants of exercise intolerance by evaluating left ventricular (LV) distensibility and functional reserve.MethodsPatients (n = 22) and healthy controls (n = 10) underwent two‐dimensional echocardiography while supine, upright, and during cycle exercise. LV distensibility was measured as the change in end‐diastolic cavity area (EDCA) from supine to the upright position. LV functional reserve was assessed during peak exercise, and measured as the exercise‐induced change in systolic circumferential strain rate (SR) and early‐diastolic SR (EDSR). The peak rate of oxygen consumption was measured by indirect calorimetry.ResultsMedian age of patients was 16 years (range 8–19) and controls 14 years (range 8–19). Median time since anthracycline therapy was 6 years (range 2–16). Peak oxygen consumption was significantly lower in patients compared to controls (35 ml/kg/min [28–60] vs. 45 ml/kg/min [44–53], P = 0.005). Transitioning from the supine position to the upright position caused a similar reduction in LV EDCA, suggesting similar LV distensibility between patients (–22% [–46 to –4]) and controls (–20% [–46 to –3], P = 0.3). However, during exercise, both systolic SR and EDSR reserve were significantly impaired in patients (∆SR: 93% [14–308], ∆EDSR: –4.5% [–88 to 121]) compared to controls (∆SR: 128% [54–230], P = 0.046; ∆EDSR: 74% [22–234], P = 0.02).ConclusionsOur findings suggest that impaired LV contractility and functional reserve play a role in the reduced exercise capacity in anthracycline cardiotoxicity rather than LV distensibility.
Incidental detection of familial APP duplication: an unusual reason for a false positive NIPT result of trisomy 21
Authors: Meschino Wendy S. , Miller Kristen , Bedford H. Melanie 
Published: February 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

Incidental findings such as maternal malignancies and maternal chromosome abnormalities, in particular sex chromosome mosaicism, have been detected by NIPT, but there are no previous reports of detection of late‐onset single gene disorders for the fetus and/or mother.
What Does This Study Add?

This report highlights the potential for NIPT to predict late-onset genetic conditions for both fetus and mother.
Prenatal prediction of neonatal death in single ventricle congenital heart disease
Authors: Lee Seung Mi , Kwon Jeong Eun , Song Sang Hoon , Kim Gi. Beom , Park Jung Yeon , Kim Byoung Jae , Lee Joon Ho , Park Chan‐Wook , Park Joong Shin , Jun Jong Kwan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine whether prenatal ultrasound findings and cord blood N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT pro‐BNP) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT) can predict neonatal mortality in single ventricle congenital heart disease.MethodsThe association between neonatal mortality and prenatal ultrasound findings/cord blood biomarkers was evaluated in neonates delivered with a diagnosis of single ventricle congenital heart disease. The presence of prenatal ultrasound findings suggesting systemic outflow obstruction (ascending aorta <2.5 percentile) or ventricular dysfunction (the presence of cardiomegaly or hydrops) was evaluated, and the total number of abnormal findings was converted to a numeric score called the ‘single ventricle score’. In addition, NT pro‐BNP and cTnT were measured in cord blood taken at the time of delivery.ResultsA total of 48 cases of single ventricle congenital heart disease were included. The rate of neonatal mortality was 31% (15/48). The presence of either abnormal ultrasound findings(single ventricle score ≥ 2) or elevated concentrations of NT pro‐BNP or cTnT was associated with increased risk of neonatal death.ConclusionThe presence of either abnormal prenatal ultrasound findings or increased cord blood NT pro‐BNP and cTnT concentrations was associated with the risk of neonatal death in single ventricle congenital heart disease. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Die großen Apophysen
Authors: Heimkes B. 
Published: February 2016

ZusammenfassungHintergrundApophysen und Apophysenfugen unterscheiden sich in ihrem Aufbau nicht wesentlich von Epiphysen und Epiphysenfugen, im Gegensatz zu diesen tragen sie jedoch nicht zum Längenwachstum der Extremitäten bei. Sie sind den jeweilig benachbarten Gelenken zugeordnet. Das apophysäre Wachstum bestimmt hierbei Hebellängen und beeinflusst die Gelenkform und -struktur. Der formative Reiz hierzu geht von Muskeln aus, die sehnig an den Apophysen inserieren oder diese überwölben.Apophyse des Trochanter majorDie Apophyse des Trochanter major trägt wesentlich zur Kraftarmlänge des Hüftgelenkes bei. Ihre Wachstumsleistung bestimmt, ob sich der Schenkelhals valgisch oder varisch entwickelt, letztendlich hängt davon auch ab, ob eine Hüfte dezentriert oder nicht.TibiaapophyseDie Tibiaapophyse gibt vor, wie stark das Tibiaplateau nach ventral oder dorsal geneigt ist (tibialer Slope) und beeinflusst somit die sagittale Stabilität des Kniegelenkes. Ist sie verletzt, dann entwickelt sich ein schwierig zu behandelndes Genu recurvatum.CalcaneusapophyseDie Calcaneusapophyse gibt die Länge und Stellung des Fersenbeines vor und trägt hiermit entscheidend zum Drehmoment des oberen Sprunggelenkes bei.ZusammenfassungZusammenfassend lässt sich sagen, dass Apophysen als Stellschrauben angesehen werden können, welche das Wachstum, die Form und Struktur ihrer benachbarten Gelenke lenken.
A randomized trial to assess the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention on caregiver burden in schizophrenia
Authors: Martín-Carrasco M. , Fernández-Catalina P. , Domínguez-Panchón A.I. , Gonçalves-Pereira M. , González-Fraile E. , Muñoz-Hermoso P. , Ballesteros J. ,   the EDUCA-III group
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundPatient's relatives usually care for patients with schizophrenia, and as informal caregivers they experience negative consequences. The aim of the EDUCA-III trial is to test the efficacy of a psychoeducational intervention program (PIP) versus standard care to reduce the caregiver burden at post-intervention (4 months), and at follow-up (8 months).MethodA two-arm, evaluator blind, multicentre, randomized controlled trial. The PIP group had 12 weekly group sessions. The control intervention group had the usual support and standard care. Primary outcomes were change scores since baseline on the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) and the Involvement Evaluation Questionnaire (IEQ).ResultsOne hundred and nine caregivers were randomized to PIP and 114 to control condition from 23 research sites. The decrease of ZBI scores was significantly higher on the PIP arm at 4 months (mean difference [MD] = −4.33; 95% CI −7.96, −0.71), and at 8 months (MD = −4.46; 95% CI −7.79, −1.13). There were no significant decreases in the IEQ scores (MD at 4 months = −2.80; 95% CI −6.27, 0.67; MD at 8 months = −2.85; 95% CI −6.51, 0.81).ConclusionsThe PIP condition seems to reduce caregiver burden.Trial registrationISRCTN32545295.
Active flow control for high lift with steady blowing
Authors: Radespiel R. , Burnazzi M. , Casper M. , Scholz P. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe general picture of research in active flow control for aircraft applications has been continuously changing over the last 20 years. Researchers can now obtain design sensitivities by using numerical flow simulations, and new optical experimental methods can be used that measure flow field data non-intrusively in planes and volumes. These methodological advances enabled significant knowledge increase. The present paper reviews recent progress in active flow control by steady blowing. It appears that two strategies of blowing deserve particular attention. The first uses tangential blowing of thin wall jets to overcome the adverse pressure gradients from locally very large flow turning rates. This approach exploits the potentials of the Coanda effect. The second strategy employs oblique blowing of air jets designed to generate longitudinal vortices in the boundary layer. The longitudinal vortices provide convective redistribution of momentum in the boundary layer, and they also enhance turbulent momentum transport. The sensitivities of these two approaches as observed in fundamental flow investigations and in applications to high-lift aerofoils are described and suited efficiency parameters of blowing are analysed.
At the intersection of lay and professional social networks: how community ties shape perceptions of mental health treatment providers
Authors: Perry B. L. , Pullen E. , Pescosolido B. A. 
Published: February 2016

Background.The therapeutic alliance is a critical determinant of individuals’ persistence and outcomes in mental health treatment. Simultaneously, individuals’ community networks shape decisions about whether, when, and what kind of treatment are used. Despite the similar focus on social relationship influence for individuals with serious mental illness, each line of research has maintained an almost exclusive focus on either ‘inside’ (i.e. treatment) networks or ‘outside’ (i.e. community) networks, respectively.Method.For this study, we integrate these important insights by employing a network-embedded approach to understand the therapeutic alliance. Using data from the Indianapolis Network Mental Health Study (INMHS, n = 169, obs = 2206), we target patients experiencing their first major contact with the mental health treatment system. We compare patients’ perceptions of support resources available through treatment providers and lay people, and ask whether evaluations of interpersonal dimensions of the therapeutic alliance are contingent on characteristics of community networks.Results.Analyses reveal that providers make up only 9% of the whole social network, but are generally perceived positively. However, when community networks are characterized by close relationships and frequent contact, patients are significantly more likely to report that treatment providers offer useful advice and information. Conversely, when community networks are in conflict, perceptions of treatment providers are more negative.Conclusion.Community-based social networks are critical for understanding facilitators of and barriers to effective networks inside treatment, including the therapeutic alliance. Implications for community-based systems of care are discussed in the context of the USA and global patterns of deinstitutionalization and community reintegration.
Infections in Australian Aged-Care Facilities: Evaluating the Impact of Revised McGeer Criteria for Surveillance of Urinary Tract Infections
Authors: Bennett Noleen J. , Johnson Sandra A. , Richards Michael J. , Smith Mary A. , Worth Leon J. 
Published: February 2016

Our survey of 112 Australian aged-care facilities demonstrated the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections to be 2.9%. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) defined by McGeer criteria comprised 35% of all clinically defined UTIs. To estimate the infection burden in these facilities where microbiologic testing is not routine, modified surveillance criteria for UTIs are necessary.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:610–612
Reduced order system identification for UAVs
Authors: Jameson P-D. , Cooke A. K. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Reduced order models representing the dynamic behaviour of symmetric aircraft are well known and can be easily derived from the standard equations of motion. In flight testing, accurate measurements of the dependent variables which describe the linearised reduced order models for a particular flight condition are vital for successful system identification. However, not all the desired measurements such as the rate of change in vertical velocity (Ẇ) can be accurately measured in practice. In order to determine such variables two possible solutions exist: reconstruction or differentiation. This paper addresses the effect of both methods on the reliability of the parameter estimates. The methods are used in the estimation of the aerodynamic derivatives for the Aerosonde UAV from a recreated flight test scenario in Simulink. Subsequently, the methods are then applied and compared using real data obtained from flight tests of the Cranfield University Jetstream 31 (G-NFLA) research aircraft.
Fixed-wing approach techniques for complex environments
Authors: Thomas P. R. , Bullock S. , Bhandari U. , Richardson T. S. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe landing approach for fixed-wing small unmanned air vehicles (SUAVs) in complex environments such as urban canyons, wooded areas, or any other obscured terrain is challenging due to the limited distance available for conventional glide slope descents. Alternative approach methods, such as deep stall and spin techniques, are beneficial for such environments but are less conventional and would benefit from further qualitative and quantitative understanding to improve their implementation. Flight tests of such techniques, with a representative remotely piloted vehicle, have been carried out for this purpose and the results are presented in this paper. Trajectories and flight data for a range of approach techniques are presented and conclusions are drawn as to the potential benefits and issues of using such techniques for SUAV landings. In particular, the stability of the vehicle on entry to a deep stall was noticeably improved through the use of symmetric inboard flaps (crow brakes). Spiral descent profiles investigated, including spin descents, produced faster descent rates and further reduced landing space requirements. However, sufficient control authority was maintainable in a spiral stall descent, whereas it was compromised in a full spin.
A hybrid approach for aircraft fault diagnosis based on fault inference and fault identification
Authors: Liu X. , Liu Z. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA cockpit instrumentation system provides various elements of information for pilots. However, logical inference based on a cockpit instruments fault tree (FT) and reliability sometimes cannot give a correct diagnosis of failures. In addition, in flight control systems (FCS), a fault identification method based on the multiple-model (MM) estimator cannot find the basic fault cause. To deal with these problems, a hybrid approach which is capable of integrating inference and fault identification is proposed. In this approach, the event nodes of the FT which have correlations to the FCS are separated into modules. Each module corresponds to a fault mode of the FCS. To use these correlations, fault inference and the MM estimator can share fault diagnosis information. Simulation results show that the proposed approach is helpful in detecting the root cause of failure and is more correct than single fault diagnosis method.
An analysis approach toward FAA certification for damage tolerance of aircraft components
Authors: Abdi F. , Xue Y. , Garg M. , Farahmand B. , Housner J. , Nikbin K. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a novel analysis approach by considering multiple crack interaction in achieving FAA certification for durability and damage tolerance of exterior attachment installations on an aircraft fuselage according to FAA policy on Certification by Analysis-Supported-by-Test (CAST). Durability and damage tolerance evaluation of an aircraft component requires assessment of damage initiation and fatigue crack propagations under service loading, which consists of complex loading types, paths and variable amplitudes. Both simulation and service experience showed that multiple cracks developed in the fuselage skin and doublers that are made of wrought aluminum alloys. Progressive failure analysis (PFA) tool was used to simulate the fatigue damage initiation life using a scale-down stress-life property. A virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) was implemented to evaluate fatigue crack growth with interactions between cracks from different parts in a component, which preserves conservativeness. The fatigue crack growth data is obtained uniquely from an analytical extension of fatigue crack growth data of thin aluminum sheet. Fatigue crack growth analysis showed that only a few initiated cracks propagated steadily before a crack became visible under inspection, which was validated by comparison to service history. Eventually one crack became dominate in the fracturing process thereby setting an inspection time. Analysis also showed that fatigue damage state in the components at the designed operational life will not exceed the static safety requirements. Therefore, FAA accepted the damage tolerance analysis and the aircraft retained certification with no need for repair.