bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Efficacies of Banana Stem Extract as a Candidate of Coccidiostat Against Rabbit Eimeria Stiedaio Ocysts: an in Vitro Analysis
Authors: Indrasanti Diana , Indradji Mohandas , Hastuti Sri , Wihadmadyatami Hevi , Ismoyowati Ismoyowati 
Published: February 2017

The objective of this research was to investigatethe ability of banana stem (Musa paradisiaca) to inhibitsporulation of Eimeria stiedaioocystsderived fromrabbit by in vitroanalysis.Analyze the active substance proximate analysis and active substancesin this research were performed too. Banana stem extract were used in this experiment andsulfaquinoxalline(Coxy ®)was run as acontrol. The Eimeria stiedaioocystswere incubated prior the presence of different concentration from banana stem extract 0%, 1%, 2%, 4%, 8%for 1, 2 and 3 daysat 26°C. In addition,Factorial patterned Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five replicates wasapplied on the experiment. Result analysis was performed by using Analysis of Variance and following by Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) post hoc test. Here, we identified that banana stem extract contain different type of active substance such as tannin, saponin, and alkaloid. Banana stem extract significantly affected the oocysts sporulation included the amount of sporulatedoocysts (P<0.01), unsporulatedoocysts (P<0.01), and transformed oocysts (P<0.01). In conclusion banana stem could inhibit the development of Eimeria stiedaioocysts on in vitroexperiment. HSD test showed that the optimum potential efficacy of banana stem toinhibit sporulation was at 4% and 8% concentration during three days incubation.
Phytobiotic Utilization as Feed Additive in Feed for Pancreatic Enzyme Activity of Broiler Chicken
Authors: Purwanti Sri , Zuprizal Zuprizal , Yuwanta Tri , Soepadmo Soepadmo 
Published: February 2017

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of turmeric water extract, garlic and combination turmeric and garlic as a feed additive in the broiler diet on pancreatic enzyme activity of broiler chicken. Effectivity of treatments was assessed by addition of phytobiotic (control, 015% zinc bacitracin, 2.5% TE, 2.0% GE, 2.5% TGE) which were arranged Completely Randomized Design with 4 replications. The variables measured were pancreatic enzyme activity(amylase enzyme activity, protease enzyme activity and lipase enzyme activity).The results showed that enzyme protein activity content of 2.5% TE supplementation is also high at 82.02 U/ml, then supplemented 2.5% TGE, 2.0% GE, negative control and positive control respectively 75.98 ; 72.02; 68.74; and 66.57 U/ml. The lipase enzyme activity whereas the negative control and a positive control differ significantly higher (P<0.05) to treatment with the addition of 2.5% TE, 2.0% GE and 2.5% TGE phytobiotic. The research concluded that the incorporation of 2.5% TE, 2% GE and combined 2.5% TGE as feed additive enhanced pancreatic enzyme activity.
Nutritional Status Evaluation (Estimated Using Lignin Internal Indicator) of Grazed Yearling Kacang Bucks
Authors: Adiwiniarti Retno , Budisatria I Gede Suparta , Kustantinah Kustantinah , Rusman Rusman , Purnomoadi Agung 
Published: February 2017

In some areas in Indonesia, farmers usually graze their goats during the day and house them at night. The goats eat grass without additional concentrate. However, how much nutrient intakes of grazing goats in Indonesia are seldom calculated. Therefore, this research was set up to investigate the productivity and to estimate the dry matter, protein, and TDN intake of grazed Kacang buck using lignin internal indicator. About 12 heads of Kacang buck, aged 1-1.5 year (the incisors have erupted 1), having the initial body weight of 18.42+1.78 kg (CV= 9.67%) and reared by farmers in Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia were used in this study. Intake and nutrient digestibility of the buck were calculated using lignin as internal marker. After being reared 86 days, the average daily gains (ADG) of the buck were 3.20+21.14 gram ( -26.16 gram to 53.60 gram). Low ADG of the buck was caused by low DMI, protein and TDN intake. The Kacang bucks were usually grazed in the soccer fields, back yards, and roadsides, therefore their intake were lower than their maintenance needed. The averages of DMI, protein and TDN intake were about 1.17+0.17 % their body weight, 30.16+4.18 g and 91.45+11.64 g, respectively. It can be concluded that the productivity of grazing Kacang bucks is relatively very low.
Feeding Treatment Based on Palm Oil Byproduct and Supplementation to Support Reproduction Performance of Bull
Authors: Ratnawati Dian , Aryogi Aryogi 
Published: February 2017

Palm oil waste (by product)can be used as a potential feed for livestock. Nevertheless, the study research of the effect of Palm oil waste (by product) as a feed to the bull performance was limited. The purpose of this research is to get technology to improve semen quality through improving protein of feed based on palm oil waste (byproducts). This research was conducted in PTPN 6 Jambi and used 30 bulls that separated into 3 treatments, treatment I (feed protein 12% and suplementation), treatment II (feed protein 12%) and treatment III (existing feed, feed protein 10%). Parameter were measured i.e feed consumption, libido, sperm motility, mass movement, sperm concentration, sperm abnormality, volume, pH, consistency, colour, body condition score and average daily gain. Design of this research was completely randomized design. Data was analyzed use ANOVA. The result showed that there is no significantly different on semen quality between treatmens. Semen quality of three treatments were appropriate to standart of quality semen of bull (sperm abnormality <20%, sperm motility >50% and sperm concentration >500 million/ml). Based on this consideration, feed with protein level 10% more efficient because it needs less cost but results a good semen quality. The conclusion of this research is protein level 10% can supporting performance reproduction of bull.
Amino Acid and Mineral Supplementation in Fermentation Process of Concentrate Protein of Jatropha Seed Cake (Jatropha curcas L.)
Authors: Widiyastuti Titin , Sutardi Tri Rahardjo 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this study is to assess the optimization of fermentation process by adding a minerals and amino acids so that the potential of protein of Concentrate Protein-Jatropha seed cake (CP-JSC) can be optimally used as a substitute for soybean meal. The method used was completely randomized design. The treatment consisted of F1: Fermentation CP-BBJ + methionine-lysine (0.25%: 0.25%), F2: Fermentation CP-JSC + methionine-lysine (0.5%: 0.5%), F3: F1 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphate, F4: F2 + 0.45% Dicalsium Phosphate. Each treatment was repeated four times, When treatment significantly continued by Least Significant Difference (LSD), variables observed are the levels of antinutrients (phorbolester, antitrypsin), the levels of nutrients (fat, protein, crude fiber, Ca, P and gross energy) and amino acid. Results of analysis of variance showed that the addition of amino acids and minerals Ca, P in the fermentation process was highly significant effect on the levels of crude fiber and phosphorus (P <0.01) and significantly affected the gross energy content of CP-JSC post-fermentation (P <0.05). Dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid and calcium are not affected by supplementation of methionine and lysine as well as calcium and phosphorus. Supplementation of methionine and lysine in the fermentation substrate showed good levels of essential amino acids and non essential higher than previous studies although not statistically significant (P> 0.05). While the levels obtained phorbolester range of 0.055% - 0.08%. It was concluded that the optimization of fermentation can be done without adding the amino acid supplementation of minerals calcium and phosphorus. Supplementation significantly affect a significant increase or decrease in some nutrients (crude fiber, gross energy, phosphor) and capable of suppressing a decrease in amino acids. Supplementation of amino acids Lysine and Methionin 0.05% is the best treatment.
MODEL QSAR SENYAWA FLUOROKUINOLON BARU SEBAGAI ZAT ANTIBAKTERI Salmonella thypimurium Eva Vaulina, Ponco Iswanto
Authors: Vaulina Eva , Iswanto Ponco 
Published: February 2017

Modelling of novel Fluoroquinolone derivates as antibacterial compund of Salmonella thypimurium was conducted. The research was done as an initial step in discovering some new Fluoroquinolone compounds which have higher activity to Salmonella thypimurium. There are 16 compunds that use as the material of the research and they already have antibacterial activity data that expressed in Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC, mg/mL). Calculation was performed by semiempirical AM1 method. The QSAR model was determined by multilinear regression analysis, with Log MIC as dependent variable and the independent variables are atomic net charges of C5 (qC5) and C7 (qC7), dipole moment (m), polarizability (a), n-octanol-water coefficien partition (Log P), molecular weight (Mw), and surface area of van der Waals (AvdW). The relationship between Log MIC and the descriptors which performed by statistical analysis is:(Log MIC) = -2.119 + 34.541(qC5) – 19.748(qC7) – 0.919polar + 1.170logP + 0.111(Mw) – 0.003(Avdw), with n =16, r = 0.907, r2 = 0.822, SD = 0.288, F calc = 6.938, F table = 3.374 , F calc/F table = 2.056 and PRESS = 0.749. The research can obtain the new coumpounds that modified from compound number 16 (etil fluoroquinolone, MIC prediction = 0.0354 mg/mL), (etil fluoroquinlone fosfate, 2.84. 10-19mg/mL), and (isopropyl fluoroquinlone, 0.1085 mg/mL), and compound number 2 (m-nitro fluoroquinolone sulfonat, 1.32. 10-11mg/mL). This results can be suggested to synthesis step.
PEMODELAN SENYAWA TURUNAN ASAM KARBAMAT SEBAGAI SENYAWA ANTIKANKER MENGGUNAKAN METODE SEMIEMPIRIS AM1
Authors: Widyaningsih Senny , Purwati Purwati , Riyadi Riyadi 
Published: February 2017

4-N-carbamic acid-4’-dimetylpipodopylotoxin and its derivatives are compounds which are synthesized from etoposide (VP 16). These compounds are used as anticancer medicine because they inhibit DNA topoisomerase II enzyme. The enzyme participates in controlling breaking process of DNA double helix bounding in cancer cell. It makes cancer growing cease and dies because cell can not replicate. However, the compound insoluble in water, make a medicine resistant, inhibit metabolism system and poison. It needs to design a modification of new compounds from carbamic acid derivatives which have higher activity. Structure modification was done using Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship (QSAR) which was a computational chemistry application in medicine design process. This research used semiempiris AM1 method to determine the best QSAR equation based on multilinear regression analysize, with log 1/IC50 as dependent variable and independent variables were atomic net charge of qN29, qC30, qO31, qO32, dipole moment, n-octanol-water coefficient partition (Log P), and polarity. The best QSAR equation in this research was : Log 1/IC50 = 4.871 + 12.738 qN29 + 33.183 qC30 + 28.015 qO31 – 3.6 x 10-2 polarity, with N = 13, r =0.907, SE = 0.13025, Fcount/Ftable = 1.901, PRESS = 0.1357. Based on the best QSAR equation, the prediction compounds were 1, 2, 3, 8, and 22 with each IC50 theoretical value were 0.032, 0.034, 0.036, and 0.098 µM.
ANALISIS KOMPONEN KIMIA EKSTRAK METANOL FRAKSI PETROLEUM ETER DAUN EUPATORIUM ODORATUM DENGAN GC-MS
Authors: Purwati Purwati , Matsjeh Sabirin 
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this investigation was to analize the organic compounds of Eupatorium odoratum leaf and identification of the compounds using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample was soaked in metanol. The extract of metanol was partitioned using petroleum ether. The extracts obtained were analyzed and identified by GC-MS. The results showed that in the extract of petroleum ether contained the organic compounds: germacrene, isocaryophyllene, 2,6,6,9-tetramethyl-1,4,8-cycloundecatriene, 1-methyl-5-methylene-8-(1-methylethyl)-1,7-cyclodecadiene, 1,2,4a,5,8,8a-hexahydro-4,7-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl) naphthalene, 1,12- dodecanediol, octahydro-1-(2-octyldecyl) pentalene, 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol, methyl (12-acetyloxy)-9-octadecanoic, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalat, farnesol, 4,22-cholestadien-3-one and 1,2,3,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydro-1,4-dimethyl-7-(1-methylethenyl) azulene. In the extract of ethyl acetate contained the organic compounds: methyl heptadecanoic, hexadecanoic acid, methyl 13-octadecenoic, 14,16-octadecadienal and octadecanoic acid.
APLIKASI 1H-NMR DALAM PENENTUAN KONVERSI METIL ESTER PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL
Authors: Kartika Dwi , Yoeswono Yoeswono 
Published: February 2017

Determination of methyl ester conversion on biodiesel processing using 1H-NMR spectrometer has been done. Methoxy spectra from methyl ester would appear at 3,7 ppm (singlet), spectra at 4,2 ppm (doublet of doublet) was glyceridic proton. The spectrum could be used as reference to determine the degree of biodiesel conversion, because spectra at chemical shift 4.2 ppm was characteristic for triglyceride that methyl ester did not have it. Whereas, spectra at chemical shift 3.7 ppm was characteristic for methyl ester that triglyceride did not have it. The extent of both spectrum indicated for incompletness in biodiesel synthesis.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI KITOSAN TERHADAP BAKTERI S.aureus
Authors: Kurniasih Mardiyah , Kartika Dwi 
Published: February 2017

Chitosan is the N-deacetylated derivative of chitin. Chitosan is biodegradable, biocompatible and non-toxic. Chitosan is polycationic in acidic media and give antibacterial activity. In this paper, antibacterial activity of chitosan have been studied.Chitosan had been isolated from white shrimp. Antibacterial activity of chitosan solutions was examined against S. aureus The result showed that antimicrobial effect on S. aureus was strengthened as the choitosan concentrate decreased.
PEMANFAATAN FOTOKATALIS TiO2 UNTUK MEREDUKSI ION TIMBAL
Authors: Riyani Kapti , Setyaningtyas Tien 
Published: February 2017

TiO2­ photocatalyst can be used to reduce heavy metal ions into common metal ion or metal ion with lower coordination number. This research aimed to (1) study the influence of pH on the photoreduction activity of Pb2+ion by TiO2­, (2) study the influence of hole scavenger on the photoreduction activity of Pb2+ ion by TiO2­, (3) study the influence of light source on the photoreduction activity of Pb2+ ion by TiO2­. The method used on this research is laboratory experiment consist of the making of TiO2 thin film, standard Pb2+ photoreduction with the variation of pH, standard Pb2+ photoreduction with the variation of light source. The results of Pb2+ photoreduction are analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The result of the research showed that the activity of TiO2 to reduce Pb2+ can be optimum at pH 6, oxalic acid as hole scavenger and UV lamp use. The sunlight can also be used as the light source to reduce Pb2+ by TiO2 photocatalyst.
KARAKTERISTIK FILM TIPIS TiO2 DOPING NIOBIUM
Authors: Bilalodin Bilalodin , Effendi Mukhtar 
Published: February 2017

Niobium (Nb) doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films have been successfully grown using spin coating method. Characterizations of thin films was carried out using EDAX (Energy Dispersion Analysis for X-Ray), XRD (X-Ray Diffaction) and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) to determine the microstructure of thin films. Determination microstructure, particularly of crystal structure was examined using ICDD data, whereas porosity calculation was done using the toolbox application on Matlab 6.1 software. EDAX, XRD and SEM characterization show that the thin films grown well at the Si substrates with the (002) field orientation is dominant and the thin film has the rutile structure. The TiO2 : Nb thin films product have granules round, uniform grain size and porosity value of about 41%.
HIDRASI IKATAN RANGKAP C7-8 SENYAWA KALANON DAN UJI SITOTOKSISITASNYA TERHADAP SEL LEUKEMIA L1210
Authors: Chasani Mochamad , Vaulina Eva , Iswanto Ponco , Rahayu Yayu 
Published: February 2017

Calanone is anticancer compound that is isolated from species Calophyllum. The biological activity of calanone againts leukemia cell L1210 is relatively low showed by IC50 value at 59.4 μg/mL. A compound have a high biological activity if the value of IC50 under 10 μg/mL. This research aimed to obtained calanone hydrat compound which has a higher activity to inhibit leukemia L1210 cancer cell growth. Calanone hydrat compound is got through with two step reaction, first step was protonated double bond by acetic acid reagent and the second step is nucleophilic addition by water. Initial analysis for the synthesize product compound is done with thin layer chromatography (TLC) using n-hexane and ethyl acetate 2:1 (v/v) eluent. Coloum Chomatography and recrystallization is used to pure the synthesize product compound with n-hexane and methylen chloride 1:1 (v/v) solvent. The result analyzed by thin layer chromatography. The synthesized product give Rf at 0.4545 and rendement 4.72% (w/w), forming of brownish yellow chromatic powder and melting point at 190oC-192oC. Identification structure of synthesize product compound is done with mass spectrometer. The result of mass spectrometer identification were moleculer ion M+-18 (M+ 424) with fragments m/e=409, m/e=395, m/e=381, m/e= 331, m/e=317, m/e=303, me/=176, m/e=105, and m/e=77. Citotoxicity test againts leukemia cell L1210 yield the value IC50 equal to 45.64 μg/mL.
PENURUNAN KADAR SIANIDA DALAM LIMBAH CAIR TAPIOKA MENGGUNAKAN FOTOKATALIS TiO2
Authors: Riyani Kapti , Setyaningtyas Tien 
Published: February 2017

Cyanide compound is one of the organic material contained in wastewater of tapioca production, which is a highly toxic substance for life. According to the results of physical and chemical properties of liquid waste samples of tapioca starch in the deposition process in the industry taken from Pancasan Village, Ajibarang, Banyumas, cyanide concentration in the effluent was 3.8 mg/L while the maximum level of cyanide allowed in industrial wastewater are 0.5 mg/L. Therefore, a method to reduce the concentration of cyanide is needed. One of the method is using of TiO2 catalyst. This study was aimed to determine the effect of the pH and UV irradiation time on photocatalytic activity of TiO2 to reduce the levels of cyanide on tapioca wastewater from PT. HARUM BUNGA, Purbalingga.This study uses a thin layer of TiO2 photocatalyst prepared by suspension of TiO2 coating on the glass plate that was dried at 120ºC and conducted with variations of pH that were 2, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 13 in the wastewater to determine the optimum pH, continued by time variation of UV radiation for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours. The results showed that the largest percentage decrease in the concentration of cyanide occurs at pH 9 that is equal to 88.6361% and the largest percentage decrease in the concentration of cyanide by irradiation with UV light occurs after 10 hours irradiation, up to 93.7929%.
KADAR GLUKOSA DARI HIDROLISIS SELULOSA PADA ECENG GONDOK MENGGUNAKAN Trichoderma viride DENGAN VARIASI TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU FERMENTASI
Authors: R Sarjono Purbowatiningrum , S Mulyani Nies , S Setyani Wirnia 
Published: February 2017

Telah kita ketahui bahwa eceng gondok merupakan salah satu sumber selulosa yang melimpah di alam dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber karbon bagi jamur Trichoderma viride. Eceng gondok memiliki bobot kering selulosa 21,5%, hemiselulosa 33,9% dan lignin 7,01%. Trichoderma viride adalah jamur saprofit yang berpotensi memproduksi selulase yang mampu mendegradasi ikatan β-1,4-glikosida pada rantai selulosa untuk menghasilkan glukosa. Glukosa dapat dimanfaatkan dalam produksi sirup gula, asam organik dan bioetanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan Trichoderma viride yang mampu tumbuh pada media pertumbuhan hasil modifikasi eceng gondok serta memperoleh temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis eceng gondok dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dalam menghasilkan glukosa.Proses pertama adalah persiapan sampel enceng gondok meliputi delignifikasi, kurva pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride dibuat dalam media modifikasi eceng gondok untuk mengetahui waktu optimum pertumbuhan Trichoderma viride. Penentuan temperatur optimum dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dari aktivitas Trichoderma viride didasarkan pada glukosa yang dihasilkan dari hidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok menggunakan metode Nelson Somogyi.Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil bahwa Trichoderma viride mampu tumbuh pada media modifikasi eceng gondok. Temperatur optimum aktivitas Trichoderma viride dalam menghidrolisis selulosa pada eceng gondok adalah 35oC dan waktu fermentasi terbaik dihasilkannya glukosa pada jam ke-96 yaitu sebesar 1,3864 mg/L.
PEMANFAATAN KITOSANDAN JAMUR LAPUK PUTIH (Trametes versicolor)UNTUK MENURUNKAN KEKERUHAN DAN WARNA PADA AIR GAMBUT SEBAGAI SUMBER AIR BERSIH ALTERNATIF
Authors: Karelius Karelius 
Published: February 2017

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pemanfaatan kitosan dan jamur lapuk putih (trametes versicolor) untuk menurunkan kekeruhan dan warna pada air gambut sebagai sumber air bersih alternatif dengan tujuan adalah mengetahui perbandingan dosis optimum kitosan dan jamur lapuk serta mempelajari kondisi optimum proses koagulasi dan flokulasi yaitu pengaruh waktu pengadukan dengan kecepatan 40 rpm dan pengendapan terhadap penurunan kekeruhan dan warna pada air gambut.Kitosan yang akan digunakan diisolasi dari limbah kulit udang yang dibuat melalui tiga tahap yakni tahap deproteinasi, demineralisasi dan deasetilasi. Penentuan dosis optimum dilakukan dengan variasi dosis kitosan dan jamur lapuk putih perbandingan 800 : 200; 600 : 400; 400 : 600 ; 500 : 500 dan 200 : 800 (mg/L air gambut). Pengaruh waktu pengadukan lambat terhadap efektifitas koagulasi dan flokulasi dipelajari dengan cara koagulasi dilakukan pada waktu bervariasi yaitu selama 5, 10, 15, 20 dan 25 menit. Pengaruh waktu pengendapan dipelajari dengan suspensi hasil koagulasi diendapkan dengan waktu yang bervariasi selama 15, 30, 45, 60 dan 90 menit. Setelah diketahui dosis dan kondisi optimum koagulasi dan flokulasi selanjutnya diaplikasikan pada 3 (tiga) sampel air gambut yang diperoleh dari 3 (tiga) lokasi yang berbeda.Perbandingan dosis optimum kitosan dan jamur lapuk putih parameter kekeruhan adalah 600 : 400 mg/L air gambut dengan efektifitas sebesar 95,06%, dan parameter warna dengan perbandingan dosis optimum 400 : 600 mg/L air gambut dengan efektifitas 96,20%. Waktu pengadukan dengan kecepatan 40 rpm optimum adalah 10 menit untuk parameter kekeruhan dan warna air gambut, dengan efektifitas masing-masing 96,34 % dan 96,68 %. Waktu pengendapan yang optimum adalah pada waktu 45 menit untuk parameter kekeruhan dan 60 menit untuk parameter warna air gambut, dengan efektifitas masing-masing 96,37 % dan 96,68 %. Aplikasi kitosan dan jamur lapuk putih pada air gambut, KLP 1 dan KLP 2 dapat dikatakan layak untuk digunakan sebagai sumber air bersih, dengan tingkat kekeruhan dan intensitas warna masing-masing adalah 1,27 NTU; 2,90 NTU dan 6,30 Pt-Co ; 18,19 Pt-Co. Sampel air gambut KLP 3 belum dapat dikatakan layak untuk digunakan sebagai sumber air bersih dengan tingkat kekeruhan dan intensitas warna masing-masing adalah 26,29 NTU dan 49,78 Pt-Co.