bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between death anxiety and resilience among critical care nurses in Oman
Authors: Qutishat Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundCritical care nurses encounter numerous work‐related stressors that might lead to depression and anxiety. Areas with higher patient mortality can lead to burnout, higher turnover and death anxiety. The possession of resilience and good attitudestowardsmental health is of utmost importance for nurses, given their role as influential figures within society.AimThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between death anxiety and resilience among critical care nurses in Oman.Study DesignThis study employed a cross‐sectional design with convenience sampling, sending 300 invitations via a URL link on a popular social media platform for critical care nurses in Oman. Out of 218 responses, the initial response rate was 72.7%. After data cleansing to remove incomplete and illegible submissions, the final sample consisted of 183 nurses who completed the Templer Death Anxiety Scale and the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD‐RISC). The survey was conducted in December 2023.ResultsThe study found that the mean death anxiety and resilience scores were 38.23 (SD = 6.96) and 37.62 (SD = 5.32), respectively. Most of the participants exhibited a low level of death anxiety and a moderate level of resilience. The results of this study found a significant proportional correlation between death anxiety and resilience among critical care nurses in Oman (p = .000); nurses with a higher degree of resilience were shown to be significantly correlated with a lower level of death anxiety. The results showed that resilience explained 14.9% of the variation in death anxiety.ConclusionsThe research in Oman reveals that critical care nurses in the country experience moderate death fear. This anxiety stems from the demanding nature of their profession, which involves providing care for critically ill patients in high‐pressure environments. Factors such as cultural and religious beliefs and educational attainment are also influencing this anxiety. Resilience is positively associated with the ability to confront challenges with courage, and a positive correlation exists between resilience and death anxiety. This suggests that nurses with higher resilience may also experience higher death anxiety because of their profession's inherent responsibilities and decision‐making.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThe study on critical care nurses in Oman highlights that workplace stress and high death anxiety negatively impact their well‐being and patient care quality. Factors like job demands, cultural beliefs and education influence these experiences, with resilience playing a key role in coping. Enhancing resilience and coping strategies can improve care quality and reduce turnover in nursing.
‘Whatever the GP says, is what I'll do’—A qualitative study of patient perspectives in accessing primary eye care for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Huang‐Lung Jessie , Rai Akshay , Duong Annita , Balakrishnan Apirami , Khan Abdullah , Husudo Jeremy , Gyawali Rajendra , Nazarian Joseph , Ford Belinda , Rhee Joel , Jalbert Isabelle , Keay Lisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo investigate the perspectives of people accessing a general medical practitioner (GP)‐optometry model of collaborative care that was established to increase access to diabetes eye care.MethodsQualitative study of patient barriers and facilitators to accessing primary diabetes eye care located in a metropolitan area in Australia. One‐on‐one interviews were recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed using a determinant framework on patient‐centred access to health care.ResultsTwenty‐four people with type 2 diabetes, including 15 males and 9 females, who accessed the service between September 2021 and June 2022 agreed to participate. Mean (SD) age of the participants was 52 (12) years and 50% had been diagnosed with diabetes for <2 years. Facilitators to accessing diabetes eye care included a referral from a GP or GP nurse, fee‐free consultations, availability of after‐hours appointments and short waiting times. Barriers to access included perceived out‐of‐pocket costs, competing responsibilities and lack of awareness of diabetic retinopathy screening recommendations.ConclusionConsidering diabetic retinopathy may present asymptomatically, primary health practitioners (optometrists and GPs) are well positioned to raise patient awareness of the importance of routine eye examinations. In Australia, access to routine screening could be facilitated by fee‐free eye checks and personalised text message reminders implemented at a health system level.
Sentiment analysis of letters of recommendation for a U.S. pain medicine fellowship from 2020 to 2023
Authors: Cheng Christopher P. , Vasan Vikram , Patel Alopi M. , Shekane Paul R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesLetters of recommendation (LORs) are an important part of pain medicine fellowship applications that may be subject to implicit bias by the letter's author. This study evaluated letters of recommendation for applications to pain medicine fellowships in the United States to characterize biases and differences among applicants over four application cycles.MethodsThis was a retrospective single‐site cohort study. De‐identified LORs were collected from 2020 to 2023 from one institution. The Valence Aware Dictionary and sEntiment Reasoner (VADER) natural language processing package scored positive LOR sentiment. In addition, the deep learning tool, Empath, scored LORs for 15 sentiments. Wilcoxon rank‐sum and one‐way ANOVA tests compared scores between applicant demographics: gender, race, medical school type, residency specialty, and chief resident status, as well as letter writers' academic position.ResultsNine hundred and sixty‐four applications were studied over four application cycles. Program directors wrote fewer words (p = 0.020) and less positively (p < 0.001) compared to department chairs and letter writers with neither position. Department chairs wrote with less “negative emotion” compared to both program directors and writers with neither position (p < 0.001). Anesthesiologist applicants received more letters highlighting “achievement” (p < 0.001) while PM&R applicants submitted letters with less “negative emotion” (p < 0.001) compared to other specialties. Chief residents' letters scored higher in “leader” sentiment (p < 0.001) and lower in “negative emotion” (p < 0.001).DiscussionLinguistic content did not favor certain genders or races over others. However, disparities in LORs do exist depending on an applicant's specialty and chief resident status, as well as the academic status of the letter writer.
8. Herpes zoster and post herpetic neuralgia
Authors: Adriaansen Elisabeth J. M. , Jacobs Julien G. , Vernooij Lisette M. , van Wijck Albert J. M. , Cohen Steven P. , Huygen Frank J. P. M. , Rijsdijk Mienke 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionPatients suffering from postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) report unilateral chronic pain in one or more dermatomes after an acute herpes zoster (HZ) infection. The incidence of acute HZ ranges between three and five patients per 1000 person‐years. In one out of four patients, acute HZ‐related pain will transition into PHN. PHN can be very disabling for patients and reduce quality of life. Additionally, the treatment of PHN is characterized by high failure rates. The aim of this review is to give an update on the previous practical guideline published in 2011 and revised in 2015 (published in 2019) and to provide an overview of current interventional treatment options for HZ infection and PHN.MethodsThe literature on the diagnosis and treatment of HZ and PHN was systematically reviewed and summarized.ResultsThe most important treatment for acute HZ‐related pain is antiviral therapy within 72 h of symptom onset. Additional symptomatic treatment options are analgesic drugs according to the WHO pain ladder, tricyclic antidepressants (eg, nortriptyline), and antiepileptic drugs (eg, gabapentin). If pain is not sufficiently reduced, interventional treatment such as an epidural injection with local anesthetics and corticosteroids or pulsed radiofrequency of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) are options. Treatment for PHN is preferably transdermal capsaicin, lidocaine, or oral drugs such as antidepressants or antiepileptics.ConclusionsTreatment of acute HZ‐related pain especially PHN is challenging. Besides the conventional treatment for PHN, interventional management is considered a new treatment option. PRF of DRG seems to be the most promising interventional management.
Effects of Amphotericin B‐Conjugated Functionalized Carbon Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
Authors: Heidari‐Kharaji Maryam , Guerra Suisha Suruwb , Puneiad Robinson Pavene 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLeishmaniasis is a parasitic disease spread by the bite of an infected sandfly and caused by protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania. Currently, there is no vaccine available for leishmaniasis in humans, and the existing chemotherapy methods face various clinical challenges. The majority of drugs are limited to a few toxic compounds, with some parasite strains developing resistance. Therefore, the discovery and development of a new anti‐leishmanial compound is crucial. One promising strategy involves the use of nanoparticle delivery systems to accelerate the effectiveness of existing treatments. In this study, Amphotericin B (AmB) was incorporated into functionalized carbon nanotube (f‐CNT) and evaluated for its efficacy against Leishmania major in vitro and in a BALB/c mice model. The increase in footpad thickness was measured, and real‐time PCR was used to quantify the parasite load post‐infection. Levels of nitric oxide and cytokines IL‐4 and IFN‐γ were also determined. We found that f‐CNT‐AmB significantly reduced the levels of promastigotes and amastigotes of the Leishmania parasite. The nanoparticle showed strong anti‐leishmanial activity with an IC50 of 0.00494 ± 0.00095 mg/mL for promastigotes and EC50 of 0.00294 ± 0.00065 mg/mL for amastigotes at 72 h post‐infection, without causing harm to mice macrophages. Treatment of infected BALB/c mice with f‐CNT‐AmB resulted in a significant decrease in cutaneous leishmania (CL) lesion size in the foot pad, as well as reduced Leishmania burden in both lymph nodes and spleen. The levels of nitric oxide and IFN‐γ significantly increased in the f‐CNT‐AmB treated groups. Also, our results showed that the level of IL‐4 significantly decreased after f‐CNT‐AmB treatment in comparison to other groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that AmB loaded into f‐CNT is significantly more effective than AmB alone in inhibiting parasite propagation and promoting a shift towards a Th1 response.
Root physiological and soil microbial mechanisms underlying responses to nitrogen deficiency and compensation in Indica and Japonica rice
Authors: Wang Runnan , Tang Guoping , Lu Yanyao , Zhang Dingshun , Cai Shuo , He Haohua , Zhang Hongcheng , Xiong Qiangqiang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCompensatory effects are common biological phenomena in nature. In this study, we investigated the changes in root nitrogen uptake, root morphological and physiological responses, and changes in the rhizosphere soil microbial communities of indica and japonica rice during a nitrogen deficiency‐sensitive period and an effective compensation period with double the nitrogen supply. We conducted a bucket experiment using Suxiu 867 (a japonica rice variety) and Yangxian You 918 (an indica rice variety). Treatments included CK (constant distribution of nitrogen fertilizer at each growth stage, represented by CK867 and CK918) and NDC (nitrogen deficiency in the tillering stage, double nitrogen application in the ear differentiation stage to compensate, represented by NDC867 and NDC918) variations. Both varieties presented the highest δ15N and 15N abundances and Ndff (refers to the proportion of nitrogen in a plant's body that comes directly from the fertilizer applied.) in rice under the NDC treatment. Metagenomic sequencing of rhizospheric soil showed that the dominant bacterial groups at the phylum level among each treatment were Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Gemmatimonadetes, and Nitrospirae. The rhizosphere of indica rice was more enriched with the microbial communities involved in nitrogen metabolism, which contributed to higher nitrogen utilization efficiency. A correlation‐based network was constructed and provides insights into the formation of nitrogen deficiency compensation effects and contributes to the enhancement of nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency in rice production.
Pandemic‐induced job loss and mental health: Evidence from a moderated mediation model
Authors: Yao Rui , Zhang Jie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe strict anti‐contagion measures at the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic implemented by the US governments led to surges in the unemployment rate. Earlier studies have brought to light the association between job loss and mental disorders, as well as the link between financial hardship and mental health. Yet the mechanisms responsible for these relationships remain fragmentary and the specific role of pandemic‐induced job loss within this mechanism is unexplored. Addressing this gap, our study examines the mediating effect of financial hardship on the link between pandemic‐induced job loss and mental health during the COVID‐19 crisis and how income moderates this mediation. Findings show that respondents experienced elevated mental disorders primarily through the direct non‐financial aspect of pandemic‐induced job loss. Low‐income respondents suffered relatively more indirectly through financial hardship, while high‐income respondents were relatively more affected by the non‐financial aspects of job loss. Moreover, low‐income respondents showed higher resilience against mental disorders due to pandemic‐induced job loss. Our findings provide important implications for theory, policy, and practice in addressing the mental health impact of job loss during national crisis such as the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Natural variation at the cotton HIC locus increases trichome density and enhances resistance to aphids
Authors: Wang Yanan , Zhou Qi , Zhang Jilong , He Haiyan , Meng Zhigang , Wang Yuan , Guo Sandui , Zhang Rui , Liang Chengzhen 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARYPlant trichomes are an excellent model for studying cell differentiation and development, providing crucial defenses against biotic and abiotic stresses. There is a well‐established inverse relationship between trichome density and aphid prevalence, indicating that higher trichome density leads to reduced aphid infestations. Here we present the cloning and characterization of a dominant quantitative trait locus, HIC (hirsute cotton), which significantly enhances cotton trichome density. This enhancement leads to markedly improved resistance against cotton aphids. The HIC encodes an HD‐ZIP IV transcriptional activator, crucial for trichome initiation. Overexpression of HIC leads to a substantial increase in trichome density, while knockdown of HIC results in a marked decrease in density, confirming its role in trichome regulation. We identified a variant in the HIC promoter (−810 bp A to C) that increases transcription of HIC and trichome density in hirsute cotton compared with Gossypium hirsutum cultivars with fewer or no trichomes. Interestingly, although the −810 variant in the HIC promoter is the same in G. barbadense and hirsute cotton, the presence of a copia‐like retrotransposon insertion in the coding region of HIC in G. barbadense causes premature transcription termination. Further analysis revealed that HIC positively regulates trichome density by directly targeting the EXPANSIN A2 gene, which is involved in cell wall development. Taken together, our results underscore the pivotal function of HIC as a primary regulator during the initial phases of trichome formation, and its prospective utility in enhancing aphid resistance in superior cotton cultivars via selective breeding.
Vascular limitations in blood pressure regulation with age in women: Insights from exercise and acute cardioselective β‐blockade
Authors: Studinski Matthew J. , Bowlus Christine , Pawelczyk James A. , Delgado Spicuzza Jocelyn M. , Gosalia Jigar , Mookerjee Swapan , Muller Matthew D. , Fragin Jason , Proctor David N. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractYounger women rely on altering cardiac output () to regulate blood pressure (BP). In contrast, older women rely more on altering vascular tone. However, evidence suggests that the ability to alter systemic vascular conductance (SVC) is diminished in older women. In the present study, cardioselective β‐blockade was utilized to diminish the relative contribution of to BP regulation and thereby evaluate age‐related vascular limitations in women at rest and during large muscle dynamic exercise. Younger (n = 13, mean age 26.0 years) and older (n = 14, mean age 61.8 years) healthy women performed submaximal bouts of semi‐recumbent cycling exercise at varying intensities while receiving an intravenous infusion of esmolol, a β1‐antagonist, or saline control in a repeated‐measures crossover design. was attenuated during esmolol infusion, with greater reductions during exercise (moderate, –1.0 (95% CI, –1.6 to –0.5) L/min, P < 0.001; heavy, –2.0 (95% CI, –2.6 to –1.5) L/min, P < 0.001) than seated rest (–0.5 (95% CI, –1.1 to 0.0) L/min, P = 0.048), and this reduction was not significantly different between age groups (P = 0.122). Older women exhibited a greater attenuation in mean arterial pressure (MAP) during esmolol (–7 (95% CI, –9 to –4) mmHg, P < 0.001) relative to younger women (–2 (95% CI, –5 to 0) mmHg, P = 0.071). These changes coincided with a greater reduction of SVC in the younger women during esmolol (–15 (95% CI, –20 to –10) mL/min/mmHg, P < 0.001) compared to older women (–3 (95% CI, –9 to 2) mL/min/mmHg, P = 0.242). Together, these findings provide evidence that older, postmenopausal women have a diminished ability to adjust SVC in order to regulate MAP.
Generation on the Rise
Authors: Alburakeh Sarah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This inaugural Watch List spotlights 25 engineers who are starting business ventures, leading teams to success, advocating for engineering in the public eye, pursuing greatness in corporate settings, or discovering the next breakthroughs in research. Read on to discover more about this group’s accomplishments and learn why these individuals will be the ones to propel engineering into the future.
Experimental Study on Flow and Thermal Transport in Additively Manufactured Lattices Based on Cube-Shaped Unit Cell
Authors: Singh Prashant , Aider Youssef , Phanikumar Mantha S. , Mahajan Roop L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the convective heat transfer coefficient of cubic lattices under both buoyancy-induced and forced convection. Additionally, it examines the effective thermal conductivity, permeability, and inertial coefficient of a cubic unit cell of porosity ∼0.87. The test specimens were additively manufactured using stainless steel 420 (with 40% bronze infiltration) using the binder jetting technique. In the buoyancy-driven convection experiments, three different aspect ratios (width/height) varying from 0.5 to 2 were tested across three different heating orientations, viz., bottom wall (0 deg), side wall (90 deg), and top wall (180 deg). The lattice with the lowest aspect ratio had the highest convective heat transfer coefficient in all three heating orientations. The forced convection heat transfer coefficient was determined for an additively manufactured part comprising 10 × 10 cubic unit cell array in the plane perpendicular to the flow and 20 unit cells in the streamwise direction. Additionally, the flow characteristics of the cubic lattice were characterized through permeability (K) and inertial coefficient (Cf), determined by conducting separate pressure drop experiments over a wide range of flow velocities. The thermal hydraulic performance (THP) of the cubic lattice was assessed by combining the periodic regime convective heat transfer coefficient with the pressure drop data obtained from the experimentally determined values of K and Cf. The comprehensive characterization of flow and thermal transport, including K and Cf, along with hsf, keff, presented in this paper, provides a robust foundation for their application in volume-averaged computations for detailed parametric study.
Insights Into Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Minichannel Surfaces Through Point and Field Measurements
Authors: Dhanalakota Praveen , Rahaman Md Motiur , Mahapatra Pallab Sinha , Anand A. R. , Das Sarit Kumar , Pattamatta Arvind 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this study, saturated pool boiling experiments were conducted on copper minichannel and flat surfaces at atmospheric pressure using water as the working fluid. The heat transfer performance was assessed through point measurements with a heater block, cartridge heaters, and thermocouples, as well as field measurements using a thin-foil heater and infrared thermography. Two copper minichannel surfaces with square cross sections of 1 mm (minichannel-1) and 2 mm (minichannel-2) side lengths were tested and compared to a flat surface. Minichannel-1 and minichannel-2 enhanced the critical heat flux (CHF) by 17% and 45%, respectively, and improved the heat transfer coefficient by 24–40% and 51–75%, respectively, compared to the flat surface. Minichannel-2 exhibited the lowest and most uniform boiling surface temperature, making it the best performer among the three. There was no significant change in departure frequency among the surfaces, and no significant change in departure diameter for the flat surface and minichannel-1. However, minichannel-2 had lower departure diameters due to its deeper channels, which prevented bubble coalescence and maintained low departure diameters. Additionally, minichannel-2 delayed vapor film formation by breaking it with its deeper fins, thereby improving CHF and slightly enhancing bubble dynamics. The enhancement in boiling heat transfer is primarily attributed to the increased surface area provided by the minichannels, with a minor contribution from improved bubble dynamics. However, the dominant factor in enhancing pool boiling heat transfer on minichannel surfaces is the increase in surface area.
Variable Cycle Engine Concepts and Component Technologies—An Overview
Authors: Zenkner Sebastian , Carvalho Francisco , Brakmann Robin G. , Goinis Georgios 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The variable cycle engine (VCE) is of interest for military and supersonic civil platforms due to its improved operational flexibility. However, the increase in design and control degrees-of-freedom results in a more complex engine architecture. Numerous different VCE concepts have been proposed and studied in literature. This paper provides an overview of VCE concepts and technology. A historical outline of important activities, investigated concepts, and technical advancements is given, and the main objectives and use cases of the technology are described. In addition, specific challenges and technical solutions for variable compressors and turbines are discussed in detail. Important VCE concepts are qualitatively evaluated, and their advantages and disadvantages are highlighted.