bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Empirical Analysis of the Intertemporal Relationship between Downside Risk and Expected Returns: Evidence from Time‐varying Transition Probability Models
Authors: Chen Cathy Yi‐Hsuan , Chiang Thomas C. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper examines the intertemporal relationship between downside risks and expected stock returns for five advanced markets. Using Value‐at‐Risk (VaR) as a measure of downside risk, we find a positive and significant relationship between VaR and the expected return before the world financial crisis (September 2008). However, when we estimate the model using a sample after this date, the results show a negative risk–return relationship. Evidence from a two‐state Markov regime‐switching model indicates that as uncertainty rises, the sign of the risk–return relationship turns negative. Evidence suggests that the Markov regime‐switching model helps to resolve the conflicting signs in the risk–return relationship.
Tracking bluefin tuna reproductive migration into the Mediterranean Sea with electronic pop‐up satellite archival tags using two tagging procedures
Authors: Abascal Francisco J. , Medina Antonio , De La Serna José M. , Godoy Dolores , Aranda Guillermo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThirteen adult bluefin tuna were tracked with electronic pop‐up satellite tags during their reproductive migration towards Mediterranean spawning grounds as they entered the Strait of Gibraltar. Fish were caught in tuna traps and tagged either underwater, with the aid of a modified spear gun, or on the deck of the boat. Fish tagged on board initially showed a shallower behavior than those tagged in the water. The pattern of horizontal movements was also different between both groups. Shortly after tagging, the eight fish tagged in the water entered the Mediterranean Sea. Six of these fish reached the spawning ground located southwest of the Balearic archipelago before heading back for the Atlantic, whereas the other two traveled farther east, reaching its easternmost longitudes between Formentera and Sardinia and the South Tyrrhenian Sea, respectively. In contrast, two out of the five fish tagged on board never entered the Mediterranean Sea, and another one did enter the Mediterranean when the reproductive season was already over. These results suggest an impact of the tagging procedure on the post‐release behavior of bluefin tuna. Excluding the tags that popped‐off east of the Strait of Gibraltar, bluefin tuna stayed in the Mediterranean Sea for 22–28 days. Analysis of the median depth indicated a shallow behavior during both day and nighttime throughout the return phase of the fish from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean with the exception of the area around the Strait of Gibraltar, where they showed a deeper behavior that coincided with a marked vertical gradient in the currents.
Species composition and diversity of fish larvae in the Subtropical Convergence Zone of the Sargasso Sea from morphology and DNA barcoding
Authors: Ayala Daniel , Riemann Lasse , Munk Peter 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSpecific regions of otherwise oligotrophic oceans seem to attract fish spawning and sustain significant abundances of fish larvae. The Sargasso Sea in the North Atlantic subtropical gyre is known as the spawning area of the Atlantic eels, but numerous other fish species also spawn in the area. In order to evaluate spatial variability of larval fish in the region, we examined species diversity, composition and abundances at eight stations in the Subtropical Convergence Zone (STCZ) using morphological identification and DNA barcoding. From a total of approximately 3500 specimens collected, at least 154 species from 50 families could be identified. The family Myctophidae had the highest species richness, with at least 32 species represented. The myctophids Lepidophanes gaussi, Bolinichthys indicus, Notolychnus valdiviae and Ceratoscopelus warmingii were the four most abundant species. Other common species included the three eels: Nemichthys scolopaceus, Ariosoma balearicum and Anguilla anguilla. Larval fish species composition differed substantially between the relatively closely spaced stations on either side of prominent hydrographic fronts in the study area, presumably because of the strong environmental gradients. Common eel species were concentrated between the fronts whereas common myctophids were of highest abundance at the outer edges of the fronts. The abundances of most species were generally enhanced in the vicinity of the fronts. The use of combined morphological and DNA‐barcoding identification methods facilitated species identification, and we could document substantially higher levels and a larger degree of spatial variability in species diversity of fish larvae than previously shown for oligotrophic ocean areas.
Climate‐change refugia: shading reef corals by turbidity
Authors: Cacciapaglia Chris , van Woesik Robert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractCoral reefs have recently experienced an unprecedented decline as the world's oceans continue to warm. Yet global climate models reveal a heterogeneously warming ocean, which has initiated a search for refuges, where corals may survive in the near future. We hypothesized that some turbid nearshore environments may act as climate‐change refuges, shading corals from the harmful interaction between high sea‐surface temperatures and high irradiance. We took a hierarchical Bayesian approach to determine the expected distribution of 12 coral species in the Indian and Pacific Oceans, between the latitudes 37°N and 37°S, under representative concentration pathway 8.5 (W m−2) by 2100. The turbid nearshore refuges identified in this study were located between latitudes 20–30°N and 15–25°S, where there was a strong coupling between turbidity and tidal fluctuations. Our model predicts that turbidity will mitigate high temperature bleaching for 9% of shallow reef habitat (to 30 m depth) – habitat that was previously considered inhospitable under ocean warming. Our model also predicted that turbidity will protect some coral species more than others from climate‐change‐associated thermal stress. We also identified locations where consistently high turbidity will likely reduce irradiance to <250 μmol m−2 s−1, and predict that 16% of reef‐coral habitat ≤30 m will preclude coral growth and reef development. Thus, protecting the turbid nearshore refuges identified in this study, particularly in the northwestern Hawaiian Islands, the northern Philippines, the Ryukyu Islands (Japan), eastern Vietnam, western and eastern Australia, New Caledonia, the northern Red Sea, and the Arabian Gulf, should become part of a judicious global strategy for reef‐coral persistence under climate change.
Sentinel lymph nodes for breast carcinoma: an update on current practice
Authors: Maguire Aoife , Brogi Edi 
Published: December 2015

Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy has been established as the standard of care for axillary staging in patients with invasive breast carcinoma and clinically negative lymph nodes (cN0). Historically, all patients with a positive SLN underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). The ACOSOG Z0011 trial showed that women with T1–T2 disease and cN0 who undergo breast‐conserving surgery and whole‐breast radiotherapy can safely avoid ALND. The main goal of SLN examination should be to detect all macrometastases (>2 mm). Gross sectioning of SLNs at 2‐mm intervals and microscopic examination of one haematoxylin and eosin‐stained section from each SLN block is the preferred method for pathological evaluation of SLNs. The role and timing of SLN biopsy for patients who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy is controversial, and continues to be explored in clinical trials. SLN biopsies from patients with invasive breast carcinoma who have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy pose particular challenges for pathologists.
Integrated multidisciplinary community service for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease reduces hospitalisations
Authors: Chung L. P. , Lake F. , Hyde E. , McCamley C. , Phuangmalai N. , Lim M. , Waterer G. , Summers Q. , Moodley Y. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundHospitalisations for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbation affect patient outcomes and healthcare costs. The long‐term impact of an integrated COPD disease‐management approach on hospitalisation remains controversial.AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate whether a multidisciplinary community service reduces respiratory hospitalisations for COPD patients.MethodsA total of 346 patients was followed for a mean duration of 27.3 months. The number of admissions, total bed days for respiratory (COPD exacerbation or pneumonia) or general medical causes and length of stay (LOS) per respiratory admission was compared before and after referral with the service. A secondary multivariate analysis examined which clinical parameters best predict benefit from such service.ResultsThe total respiratory admission and hospital bed days after referral were reduced by 31% (288 vs 417,P < 0.001) and 40.4% (1637 vs 2746,P < 0.0001) respectively, compared with the equivalent duration prior. The average LOS for each respiratory admission was also significantly reduced after referral (6.61 vs 5.70,P = 0.02). Overall, 55% patients experienced a reduction in admission frequency and hospital days. The impact on admission frequency and hospital days was the greatest in those with an at least moderate disease (GOLD ≥2, odds ratio (OR): 3.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 8.9;P = 0.019) and those who completed pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) (OR: 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1, 2.8;P = 0.04). In contrast, general medical admissions increased, one‐third attributable to a cardiovascular cause both before and after referral.ConclusionsThe implementation of COPD multidisciplinary community service was associated with reduced respiratory hospitalisations in the long term. Patients with moderate or severe disease and who are able to complete PR are much more likely to benefit.
Cement burn: an occupational disease with favorable outcome. Case report
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Podoleanu Cristian , Moldovan Cosmin , Stolnicu Simona 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe present the case of a 54‐year‐old patient with a thermal cement burn. This rare case is a localised occupational chemical cement burn on the lower limbs, with no systemic involvement and favourable outcome. The lesion was induced by prolonged contact of the skin with cement and water during hot summer days.
Structure, Microwave Dielectric Properties, and Low‐Temperature Sintering of Acceptor/Donor Codoped Li2Ti1−x(Al0.5Nb0.5)xO3 Ceramics
Authors: Zhang Tianwen , Zuo Ruzhong , Zhang Jian 
Published: December 2015

The structure, microwave dielectric properties, and low‐temperature sintering behavior of acceptor/donor codoped Li2TiO3 ceramics [Li2Ti1−x(Al0.5Nb0.5)xO3, x = 0–0.3] were investigated systematically. The x‐ray diffraction confirmed that a single‐phase solid solution remained within 0 < x ≤ 0.2 and secondary phases started to appear as x > 0.2, accompanied by an order–disorder phase transition in the whole range. Scanning electron microscopy observation indicated that the complex substitution of Al3+ and Nb5+ produced a significant effect on the microstructural morphology. Both microcrack healing and grain growth contributed to the obviously enhanced Q×f values. By comparison, the decrease of εr and τf values was ascribed to the ionic polarizability and the cell volume, respectively. Excellent microwave dielectric properties of εr ~ 21.2, Q×f ~ 181 800 GHz and τf ~ 12.8 ppm/°C were achieved in the x = 0.15 sample when sintered at 1150°C. After 1.5 mol% BaCu(B2O5) additive was introduced, it could be well sintered at 950°C and exhibited good microwave dielectric properties of εr ~ 20.4, Q×f ~ 53 290 GHz and τf ~ 3.6 ppm/°C as well. The cofiring test of the low‐sintering sample with Ag powder proved its good chemical stability during high temperature, which enables it to be a promising middle‐permittivity candidate material for the applications of low‐temperature cofired ceramics.
Illness perception, coping and adherence to treatment among patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Vélez‐Vélez Esperanza , Bosch Ricardo J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimTo analyse the predictive value of illness representations on treatment adherence and coping strategies in a group of patients on haemodialysis.BackgroundUnderstanding the cognitive and emotional factors that influence adherence behaviour and coping strategies and determining their relationship to sociodemographic factors remain a challenge; meeting this challenge would encourage comprehensive patient care, thereby improving their quality of lifeDesignCross‐sectional study with predictive means in a sample of 135 patients on haemodialysis.MethodsData collection occurred from September 2010–January 2012 and tools included the following: sociodemographic data, Illness Perception Questionnaire‐Revised, the Cuestionario de Afrontamiento del Estrés and the Morisky–Green test to study adherence to treatment.ResultsBeing a woman, having a greater knowledge of the disease and having a poorer sense of personal control affected adherence to treatment on controlling for each factor. ‘Identity’, ‘personal control’ and ‘adherence’ were associated with a proactive coping strategy, whereas ‘evolution’ and ‘gender’ were related independently to avoidance coping strategies; those who believed that their illness had a chronic course were more likely to cope by avoiding the problem and this tendency was stronger among women.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence supporting the role of gender, knowledge about the disease and sense of personal control in adherence to therapeutic regimens of patients in chronic haemodialysis. The identification and characterization of patients’ perception of chronic illness may represent a useful framework to influence disease outcomes such as adherence.
Pattern, prediction and parsimony in continental‐scale synthesis of pyromes: a reply to Gosper et al.
Authors: Murphy Brett P. , Lawes Michael J. , Bowman David M.J.S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe (Murphy et al., 2013; Clarke et al., 2015) have recently developed a framework to understand the spatial distribution of fire regimes and plant fire‐response traits at large spatial scales. We integrated a range of data sources to create a continental‐scale overview of Australian pyromes from which to infer pyrogeographic drivers. Gosper et al. (in press) have criticized our approach, based on our misclassification of a vegetation type (eucalypt woodland), with distinct fire regime, in the Coolgardie bioregion of Western Australia. We argue that the intention of our integrative approach was to develop and refine conceptual models of Australian pyrogeography, not to produce a predictive map of fire regimes, and certainly not to guide local‐scale fire management. Like all models, continental‐scale syntheses of pyromes are imperfect, yet they still represent powerful tools for understanding the drivers of the spatial distribution of fire regimes.
Childhood peer network characteristics: genetic influences and links with early mental health trajectories
Authors: Szekely Eszter , Pappa Irene , Wilson James D. , Bhamidi Shankar , Jaddoe Vincent W. , Verhulst Frank C. , Tiemeier Henning , Shaw Philip 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundPeer relationships are important for children's mental health, yet little is known of their etiological underpinnings. Here, we explore the genetic influences on childhood peer network characteristics in three different networks defined by rejection, acceptance, and prosocial behavior. We further examine the impact of early externalizing and internalizing trajectories on these same peer network characteristics.MethodsParticipants were 1,288 children from the Dutch ‘Generation R’ birth cohort. At age 7, we mapped out children's classroom peer networks for peer rejection, acceptance, and prosocial behavior using mutual peer nominations. In each network, genetic influences were estimated for children's degree centrality, closeness centrality and link reciprocity from DNA using Genome‐wide Complex Trait Analysis. Preschool externalizing and internalizing trajectories were computed using parental ratings at ages 1.5, 3, and 5 years.ResultsOf the three network properties examined, closeness centrality emerged as significantly heritable across all networks. Preschool externalizing problems predicted unfavorable positions within peer rejection networks and having fewer mutual friendships. In contrast, children with preschool‐internalizing problems were not actively rejected by their peers, but were less well‐connected within their social support network.ConclusionsOur finding of significant heritability for closeness centrality should be taken as preliminary evidence that requires replication. Nevertheless, it can orient us to the role of genes in shaping a child's position within peer networks. Additionally, social network perspectives offer rich insights into how early life mental health trajectories impact a child's later functioning within peer networks.
Comparison of Safe Alternative Dipping Treatments to Maintain Quality of Zucchini
Authors: De Bruin Willeke , Rossouw Werner , Korsten Lise 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDecay and quality loss severely affect the marketability of fresh zucchini. Zucchinis are easily damaged during harvesting, handling and storage, and no commercial treatment is currently available that can protect the fruit from desiccation, quality loss and decay. The aim of this study was to compare different environmentally friendly dipping treatments (CaCl2, Aloe vera, warm water, chitosan, ascorbic and citric acid) to retain the quality of fresh zucchini. Treated fruit were evaluated for physiological, sensory and microbiological parameters after storage for 7 and 14 days at 5.8C and 85% relative humidity. The CaCl2, Aloe vera and warm water treatments were the most effective in maintaining firmness and preventing an increase in the total microflora of the fruit. The outcome of this study shows that alternative control methods have potential for effective quality maintenance of fresh zucchini. Future studies should focus on alternative packaging materials in combination with these treatments.Practical ApplicationsZucchinis are rich in carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins and are good nutritional additives to a balanced and healthy diet. Recent observations at retail level showed preventable quality losses, indicating the need to improve postharvest technologies for retaining the overall standard of the product after harvest and during the supply chain. Quality parameters include firm texture, shiny, dark‐green skin color and freedom from shrivel and mechanical injuries. The assessment of different environmentally friendly dipping treatments indicated that CaCl2, Aloe vera and warm water treatments could lead to improved quality maintenance of zucchinis. Practical applications stemming from these results include the ability to extend shelf life and preserve the microbiological profile of this fruit after harvest. These treatments may serve as alternatives to chemical or synthetic treatments and may be considered as an inclusion to current postharvest management practices.
Added Values of Time Series in Material Flow Analysis: The Austrian Phosphorus Budget from 1990 to 2011
Authors: Zoboli Ottavia , Laner David , Zessner Matthias , Rechberger Helmut 
Published: December 2015

SummaryMaterial flow analysis is a tool that is increasingly used as a foundation for resource management and environmental protection. This tool is primarily applied in a static manner to individual years, ignoring the impact of time on the material budgets. In this study, a detailed multiyear model of the Austrian phosphorus budget covering the period 1990–2011 was built to investigate its behavior over time and test the hypothesis that a multiyear approach can also contribute to the improvement of static budgets. Further, a novel method was applied to investigate the quality and characteristics of the data and quantify the uncertainty. The degree of change between the budgets was assessed and showed that approximately half of the flows have changed significantly and, at times, abruptly since 1990, but it is not possible to distinguish unequivocally between constant and moderately changing flows given their uncertainty. The study reveals that the phosphorus transported in waste flows has increased more rapidly than its recovery, which accounted for 55% to 60% of the total waste phosphorus in 1990 and only 40% in 2011. The loss ratio in landfills and cement kilns has oscillated in the range of 40% to 50%. From a methodological point of view, the multiyear approach has broadened the conceptual model of the budget, making it more suitable as a basis for material accounting and monitoring. Moreover, the analysis of the data reconciliation process over a long period of time proved to be a useful tool for identifying systematic errors in the model.
Wavelet transform analysis of chromatin texture changes during heat shock
Authors: HERBOMEL G. , GRICHINE A. , FERTIN A , DELON A. , VOURC'H C. , SOUCHIER C. , USSON Y. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryTexture analysis can be a useful tool to investigate the organization of chromatin. Approaches based on multiscale analysis and in particular the ‘à trou’ wavelet analysis has already been used for microscopy (Olivo Marin). In order to analyse texture changes, the statistical properties of the wavelet coefficient images were summarized by the first four statistical orders: mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis of the coefficient image histogram. The ‘à trou’ transform provided a representation of the wavelet coefficients and texture parameters with the same statistical robustness throughout the scale spaces. It was applied for quantifying chromatin texture and heat‐induced chromatin changes in living cells. We investigated the changes by both laser scanning and spinning disk confocal microscopies and compared the texture parameters before and after increasing duration of heat shock exposure (15 min, 30 min and 1 h). Furthermore, as activation of the heat shock response also correlates with a rapid localization of HSF1 within a few nuclear structures termed nuclear stress bodies (nSBs), we compared the dynamics of nSBs formation with that of textural changes during 1 h of continuous heat shock. Next, we studied the recovery phase following a 1‐h heat shock. Significant differences were observed, particularly affecting the perinucleolar region, even for the shortest heat shock time affecting mostly the skewness and standard deviation. Furthermore, progressive changes could be observed according to the duration of heat shock, mostly affecting fine details (pixel‐wise changes) as revealed by the parameters, obtained from the first‐ and second‐order wavelet coefficients. ‘A trou’ wavelet texture analysis provided a sensitive and efficient tool to investigate minute changes of chromatin.
Two cases of polydactyly in wild brown howler monkeys (Alouatta guariba clamitans)
Authors: da Silva Moira Ansolch , Steinberg Eliana R. , Paskulin Giorgio A. , Teixeira Fábio dos Santos , Jesus Anamélia de Souza , Mudry Marta D. , Bicca‐Marques Júlio César 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report the first two cases of polydactyly in an atelid species: (i) a wild ca. 16‐week‐old infant female presenting seven digits in both feet and other bone malformations and (ii) a wild newborn male presenting six digits in both feet with the extra digit fused to the hallux.