bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Healthy Youth Are Reliable in Reporting Symptoms on a Graded Symptom Scale
Authors: Mailer Brandy J. , McLeod Tamara C. Valovich , Bay R. Curtis 
Published: August 2016

Context:Clinicians often rely on the self-report symptoms of patients in making clinical decisions; hence it is important that these scales be reliable.Objective:To determine the test-retest reliability of healthy youth in completing a graded symptom scale (GSS), modified from the Head Injury Scale Self-Report Concussion Symptoms Scale (HIS).Design:Repeated-measures.Setting:Middle school classroom.Patients or Other Participants:126 middle school students.Intervention:A survey consisting of a demographic and life events questionnaire and a GSS asking about symptom severity and duration.Main Outcomes Measures:Score for each symptom on the severity and duration scale and a total symptom score (TSS) and the total number of symptoms endorsed (TSE) from the severity scale. Responses on a life events questionnaire were also recorded.Results:We found excellent reliability for TSS (ICC = .93) and TSE (ICC = .88) for the severity scale. We found moderate to excellent reliability on the individual symptoms of both the severity (ICC = .65-.89) and duration (ICC =.56-.96) scales.Conclusions:Healthy youth can reliably self-report symptoms using a GSS. This patient-oriented outcome measure should be incorporated into more investigations in this age group.
Do the Physical Characteristics of a Virtual Reality Device Contraindicate Its Use for Balance Assessment?
Authors: Mihalik Jason P. , Kohli Luv , Whitton Mary C. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Virtual reality environments may allow researchers to investigate functional balance performance without risks associated with testing in the real world.Objective:To investigate the effects of the mass of a head-mounted display (HMD) on balance performance.Design:Counterbalanced pretest-posttest.Setting:Virtual reality laboratory.Participants:20 healthy college students.Intervention(s):Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) with a tracker-only headband and again with tracker plus HMD was performed.Main Outcome Measures:BESS error scores, elliptical sway area, and center of pressure travel distance were recorded.Results:No effect of the HMD mass on balance performance was observed. A significant stance by surface interaction was present but was negated when the HMD conditions were included in the model.Conclusions:The mass of a HMD has not been proven to adversely affect balance performance. These data suggest the HMD mass is not a contraindication to the use of immersive virtual environments in future concussion research involving balance.
Reliability and Validity of Electrothermometers and Associated Thermocouples
Authors: Jutte Lisa S. , Knight Kenneth L. , Long Blaine C. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:Examine thermocouple model uncertainty (reliability + validity).Design:First, a 3 × 3 repeated measures design with independent variables electrothermometers and thermocouple model. Second, a 1 × 3 repeated measures design with independent variable subprobe.Intervention:Three electrothermometers, 3 thermocouple models, a multi-sensor probe and a mercury thermometer measured a stable water bath.Main Outcome Measures:Temperature and absolute temperature differences between thermocouples and a mercury thermometer.Results:Thermocouple uncertainty was greater than manufactures’ claims. For all thermocouple models, validity and reliability were better in the Iso-Themex than the Datalogger, but there were no practical differences between models within an electrothermometers. Validity of multi-sensor probes and thermocouples within a probe were not different but were greater than manufacturers’ claims. Reliability of multiprobes and thermocouples within a probe were within manufacturers claims.Conclusion:Thermocouple models vary in reliability and validity. Scientists should test and report the uncertainty of their equipment rather than depending on manufactures’ claims.
Effectiveness of Physical Therapy Treatments on Lateral Epicondylitis
Authors: Kohia Mohamed , Brackle John , Byrd Kenny , Jennings Amanda , Murray William , Wilfong Erin 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To analyze research literature that has examined the effectiveness of various physical therapy interventions on lateral epicondylitis.Data Sources:Evidence was compiled with data located using the PubMed, EBSCO, The Cochrane Library, and the Hooked on Evidence databases from 1994 to 2006 using the key words lateral epicondylitis, tennis elbow, modalities, intervention, management of, treatment for, radiohumeral bursitis, and experiment.Study Selection:The literature used included peer-reviewed studies that evaluated the effectiveness of physical therapy treatments on lateral epicondylitis. Future research is needed to provide a better understanding of beneficial treatment options for people living with this condition.Data Synthesis:Shockwave therapy and Cyriax therapy protocol are effective physical therapy interventions.Conclusions:There are numerous treatments for lateral epicondylitis and no single intervention has been proven to be the most efficient. Therefore, future research is needed to provide a better understanding of beneficial treatment options for people living with this condition.
Augmented Feedback Reduces Ground Reaction Forces in the Landing Phase of the Volleyball Spike Jump
Authors: Cronin John B. , Bressel Eadric , Finn Loren 
Published: August 2016

Context:Frequency and magnitude of ground reaction forces (GRF) have been implicated in causing injuries such as “jumpers knee.”Objective:To investigate whether a single session of augmented feedback concerning landing technique would decrease GRF.Design:Pretest posttest experimental design.Setting:University biomechanics laboratory.Participants:Fifteen female Division 1 intercollegiate volleyball players.Intervention:Participants were required to land on a force platform after spiking a volleyball from a four-step approach before and after an intervention involving visual and aural augmented feedback on correct jumping and landing technique.Main Outcome Measures:Mediolateral (ML), anterioposterior (AP), and vertical (V) GRF normalized to body weight (BW).Results:Augmented feedback was found to significantly (P = 0.01) decrease VGRF by 23.6% but not ML (25%, P = 0.16) and AP (4.9%, P = 0.40) peak GRF.Conclusions:A single session of augmented feedback may be effective in reducing VGRF in collegiate athletes.
Hand-Held Dynamometry: Reliability of Lower Extremity Muscle Testing in Healthy, Physically Active, Young Adults
Authors: Kelln Brent M. , McKeon Patrick O. , Gontkof Lauren M. , Hertel Jay 
Published: August 2016

Context:Hand-held dynamometry (HHD) has been shown to be a reliable, objective way to obtain strength measurements in elderly and physically impaired subjects.Objective:To estimate the intratester, intertester, and intersession reliability of HHD testing of lower extremity movements in young, healthy subjects.Design:Repeated measures.Setting:Sports medicine laboratory.Participants:Nine males and eleven females (Mean age = 26 years).Measurements:Strength measures of 11 right lower extremity movements were taken by 3 different testers on 2 separate days using a HHD.Results:Intratester ICC range was .77 to .97 with SEM range of .01 to .44 kg. Mean intertester ICC range was .65 to .87 with SEM range of .11 to 1.05 kg. Mean intersession ICC range was .62 to .92 with SEM range of .01 to .83 kg.Conclusions:HHD has the potential to be a reliable tool for strength measurements in healthy, strong subjects; however, there are noteworthy limitations with movements where subjects can overpower the testers.
Kinematics and Kinetics of 2 Styles of Partial Forward Lunge
Authors: Wilson Daniel J. , Gibson Kyle , Masterson Gerald L. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To evaluate the anterior shift of the body’s center of gravity (CG) and the associated inertial forces produced by 2 styles of a partial forward lunge.Setting:Gait-analysis laboratory of a research institution.Participants:10 healthy volunteers.Intervention:3 trials of each lunge.Main Outcome Measures:Kinematic data were collected, and inertial reaction forces were resolved into net compressive and shear forces using an inverse dynamic model.Results:Significantly (P < .001) greater anterior translation of the CG was found with an arms-in-front v arms-across-chest lunge style. No significant differences were found between the average peak inertial compressive and shear forces of the 2 styles (427 ± 184 N v 426 ± 187 N, −536 ± 113 N v −538 ± 127 N).Conclusion:Anterior translation of the CG was larger with the arms-forward partial-lunge position, creating increased balance demands. Both styles produced clinically safe (posteriorly directed) inertial shear forces, with greater anterior CG shift with the arms-forward style.
Rehabilitation after Arthroscopic Repair of Intra-Articular Disorders of the Hip in a Professional Football Athlete
Authors: Philippon Marc J. , Christensen Jesse C. , Wahoff Michael S. 
Published: August 2016

Objective:To report the 4-phase rehabilitation progression of a professional athlete who underwent arthroscopic intra-articular repair of the hip after injury during the 2006–07 season.Design:Case study; level of evidence, 4.Main Outcome Measures:Objective values were obtained by standard goniometric measurements, handheld dynamometer, dynamic sports testing, and clinical testing for intra-articular pathology.Results:This case report illustrates improvements in hip mobility, muscle-force output, elimination of clinical signs of intra-articular involvement, and ability to perform high-level sport-specific training at 9 wk postsurgery. At 16 wk postsurgery, the patient was able to return to full preparation for sport for the following season.Conclusion:After the 4-phase rehabilitation program, the patient demonstrated improvement in all areas of high-level function after an arthroscopic intra-articular repair of the hip. The preoperative management to return to sport is outlined, with clinical outcomes and criteria for return to competition.
Hip-Muscle Activation during the Lunge, Single-Leg Squat, and Step-Up-and-Over Exercises
Authors: Boudreau Samantha N. , Dwyer Maureen K. , Mattacola Carl G. , Lattermann Christian , Uhl Tim L. , McKeon Jennifer Medina 
Published: August 2016

Context:Functional exercises are often used in strengthening programs after lower extremity injury. Activation levels of the stabilizing hip muscles have not been documented.Objective:To document the progression of hip-muscle activation levels during 3 lower extremity functional exercises.Design:Cross-sectional.Setting:Laboratory.Participants:44 healthy individuals, 22 women and 22 men.Intervention:Subjects, in 1 testing session, completed 3 trials each of the lunge (LUN), single-leg squat (SLSQ), and step-up-and-over (SUO) exercise.Main Outcome Measures:Root-mean-square muscle amplitude (% reference voluntary muscle contraction) was measured for 5 muscles during the 3 exercises: rectus femoris (RF), dominant and nondominant gluteus medius (GMed_D and GMed_ND), adductor longus (ADD), and gluteus maximus (GMX).Results:The RF, GMAX, and GMed_D were activated in a progression from least to greatest during the SUO, LUN, and SLSQ. The progression for the GMed_ND activation was from least to greatest during the SLSQ, SUO, and then LUN. Activation levels of the ADD showed no progression.Conclusion:Progressive activation levels were documented for muscles acting on the hip joint during 3 functional lower extremity exercises. The authors recommend using this exercise progression when targeting the hip muscles during lower extremity strengthening.
Establishing Normative Data on Scapulothoracic Musculature Using Handheld Dynamometry
Authors: Turner Nichole , Ferguson Kristen , Mobley Britney W. , Riemann Bryan , Davies George 
Published: August 2016

Context:Scapular strength deficits have been linked to shoulder dysfunction.Objective:To establish normative data on the scapulothoracic musculature in normal subjects using a handheld dynamometer.Design:Descriptive normative data study.Setting:Field research.Subjects:172 subjects with varying levels of overhead activity.Methods:A handheld dynamometer was used to test the upper, middle, and lower trapezius; rhomboids; and serratus anterior.Main Outcome Measures:A 2-factor ANOVA was performed for each of the muscles by activity level and unilateral ratio by activity-level analyses. Post hoc analysis included multiple pairwise comparisons, using the Dunn-Bonferroni correction method.Results:Activity level did not significantly affect the unilateral ratios: Elevation:depression was 2.5:1, upward:downward rotation was 1.5:1, and protraction:retraction was 1.25:1. A rank order from strongest to weakest was established through significant comparisons.Conclusion:The unilateral ratios along with the rank order should be considered when discussing scapular rehabilitation protocols.
The Effect of Menstrual-Cycle Phase on Hamstring Extensibility and Muscle Stiffness
Authors: Bell David R. , Myrick Megan P. , Blackburn J. Troy , Shultz Sandra J. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. , Padua Darin A. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Preventing noncontact ACL injuries has been a major focus of athletic trainers and researchers. One factor that may influence female noncontact ACL injury is the fluctuating concentrations of hormones in the body.Objective:To determine whether muscle properties change across the menstrual cycle.Design:Repeated measures. Testing was performed within 3 d after the onset of menses and ovulation. Repeated-measures ANOVAs were used to determine changes in variables across the menstrual cycle, and Pearson correlations were used to determine relationships between variables.Participants:8 women with normal menstrual cycles.Main Outcome Measures:Active hamstring stiffness and hamstring extensibility.Results:Hamstring extensibility (P = .003) increased at the ovulation testing session but hamstring muscle stiffness (P = .66) did not.Conclusions:The results indicate that hamstring muscle stiffness did not change across the menstrual cycle and hamstring extensibility increased at ovulation, when estrogen concentration increases.
Expert Versus Novice Interrater Reliability and Criterion Validity of the Landing Error Scoring System
Authors: Onate James , Cortes Nelson , Welch Cailee , Van Lunen Bonnie 
Published: August 2016

Context:A clinical assessment tool that would allow for efficient large-group screening is needed to identify individuals potentially at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury.Objective:To assess the criterion validity of a jumplanding assessment tool compared with 3-dimensional (3D) motion analysis and evaluate interrater reliability across an expert vs novice rater using the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS).Design:Validity protocol.Setting:Controlled, laboratory.Participants:Nineteen female (age 19.58 ± .84 y, height 1.67 ± .05 m, mass 63.66 ± 10.11 kg) college soccer athletes volunteered.Main Outcome Measurement:Interrater reliability between expert rater (5 y LESS experience) vs novice rater (no LESS experience). LESS scores across 13 items and total score. 3D lower extremity kinematics were reduced to dichotomous values to match LESS items.Interventions:Participants performed drop-box landings from a 30-cm height with standard video-camera and 3D kinematic assessment.Results:Intrarater item reliability, assessed by kappa correlation, between novice and experienced LESS raters ranged from moderate to excellent (κ = .459–.875). Overall LESS score, assessed by intraclass correlation coefficient, was excellent (ICC2,1 = .835, P < .001). Statistically significant phi correlation (P < .05) was found between rater and 3D scores for knee-valgus range of motion; however, percent agreement between expert rater and 3D scores revealed excellent agreement (range of 84–100%) for ankle flexion at initial contact, knee-flexion range of motion, trunk flexion at maximum knee flexion, and foot position at initial contact for both external and internal rotation of tibia. Moderate agreement was found between rater and 3D scores for trunk flexion at initial contact, stance width less than shoulder width, knee valgus at initial contact, and knee-valgus range of motion.Conclusions:Our findings support moderate to excellent validity and excellent expert vs novice interrater reliability of the LESS to accurately assess 3D kinematic motion patterns. Future research should evaluate the efficacy of the LESS to assess individuals at risk for ACL injury.
Development of a Measure of Rehabilitation Adherence for Athletic Training
Authors: Granquist Megan D. , Gill Diane L. , Appaneal Renee N. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Rehabilitation adherence is accepted as a critical component for attaining optimal outcomes. Poor adherence is recognized as a problem in the athletic training setting. Measurement has been inconsistent, and no measure has been developed for athletic training settings.Objective:To identify indicators of sportinjury rehabilitation adherence relevant to athletic training and develop a Rehabilitation Adherence Measure for Athletic Training (RAdMAT) based on these indicators.Design:Mixed methods, 3 steps.Setting:College athletic training facility.Participants:Practicing certified athletic trainers (ATCs; n = 7) generated items, experts (n = 12) reviewed them, and practicing ATCs (n = 164) completed the RAdMAT for their most, average, and least adherent athlete.Main Outcome Measure:RAdMAT.Results:The RAdMAT is 16 items with 3 subscales. Subscales and total have good internal consistency and clearly discriminate among adherence levels.Conclusions:The RAdMAT is based on scholarly literature and clinical practice, making it particularly appropriate for use in athletic training clinical practice or for research purposes.
Clinical Outcomes Assessment for the Management of Sport-Related Concussion
Authors: McLeod Tamara C. Valovich , Register-Mihalik Johna K. 
Published: August 2016

Patient Scenario:An adolescent female youth soccer athlete, with a previous concussion history, suffered a second concussion 4 wk ago. Her postconcussive symptoms are affecting her school performance and social and family life.Clinical Outcomes Assessment:Concussion is typically evaluated via symptoms, cognition, and balance. There is no specific patient-oriented outcomes measure for concussion. Clinicians can choose from a variety of generic and specific outcomes instruments aimed at assessing general health-related quality of life or various concussion symptoms and comorbidities such as headache, migraine, fatigue, mood disturbances, depression, anxiety, and concussion-related symptoms.Clinical Decision Making:The data obtained from patient self-report instruments may not actively help clinicians make return-to-play decisions; however, these scales may be useful in providing information that may help the athlete return to school, work, and social activities. The instruments may also serve to identify issues that may lead to problems down the road, including depression or anxiety, or serve to further explore the nature of an athlete’s symptoms.Clinical Bottom Line:Concussion results in numerous symptoms that have the potential to linger and has been associated with depression and anxiety. The use of outcomes scales to assess health-related quality of life and the effect of other symptoms that present with a concussion may allow clinicians to better evaluate the effects of concussion on physical, cognitive, emotional, social, school, and family issues, leading to better and more complete management.
Tracking Ability, Motor Coordination, and Functional Determinants After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Yosmaoglu Hayri Baran , Baltaci Gül , Kaya Defne , Ozer Hamza 
Published: August 2016

Context:The development pattern of motor coordination, strength, and functional ability during recovery from anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Objective:To investigate the relationship between motor coordination, functional ability, and strength after ACL reconstruction.Design:Prospective clinical follow-up study.Setting:Sports-injury research laboratory.Participants:20 subjects who underwent ACL reconstruction.Interventions:Real-time eccentric and concentric motor coordination were tested by a multijoint lower limb tracking-trajectory test, quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic strength were assessed by isokinetic dynamometer, and functional performance was tested with a single-leg-hop test 6 and 12 mo after ACL reconstruction.Main Outcome Measures:Percentage deficits of the involved lower extremity for target-tracking ability, peak torque, total work parameters of isokinetic strength, and single-leg-hop distance.Results:Deficits in hamstring–quadriceps isokinetic muscle strength and single-leg-hop distance significantly decreased from the 6th to the 12th mo after surgery (P < .05). There were no significant differences in muscle concentric and eccentric motor-coordination deficits of the involved side (P > .05).Conclusions:Although muscle strength and functional performance clearly increased from the 6th to the 12th mo after surgery, coordination characteristics of involved side remained low. This pattern demonstrated that motor-coordination progression was not affected by strength development. Patients continued to have significant motor-coordination deficits even 12 mo postsurgery. Therefore, the authors recommend that neuromuscular-coordination exercises be included in long-term rehabilitation programs to improve motor coordination.
Effects of a Single-Task Versus a Dual-Task Paradigm on Cognition and Balance in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Ross Luke M. , Register-Mihalik Johna K. , Mihalik Jason P. , McCulloch Karen L. , Prentice William E. , Shields Edgar W. , Guskiewicz Kevin M. 
Published: August 2016

Context:Recent evidence has revealed deficiencies in the ability to divide attention after concussion.Objective:To examine the effects of a single vs a dual task on cognition and balance in healthy subjects and to examine reliability of 2 dual-task paradigms while examining the overall feasibility of the tasks.Design:Pretest–posttest experimental design.Setting:Sports medicine research laboratory.Patients:30 healthy, recreationally active college students.Intervention:Subjects performed balance and cognitive tasks under the single- and dual-task conditions during 2 test sessions 14 d apart.Main Outcome Measures:The procedural reaction-time (PRT) test of the Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (eyes-closed tasks) and an adapted Procedural Auditory Task (PAT; eyes-open tasks) were used to assess cognition. The NeuroCom Sensory Organization Test (SOT) and the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) were used to assess balance performance. Five 2-way, within-subject ANOVAs and a paired-samples t test were used to analyze the data. ICCs were used to assess reliability across 2 test sessions.Results:On the SOT, performance significantly improved between test sessions (F1,29 = 35.695, P < .001) and from the single to the dual task (F1,29 = 9.604, P = .004). On the PRT, performance significantly improved between test sessions (F1,29 = 57.252, P < .001) and from the single to the dual task (F1,29 = 7.673, P = .010). No differences were seen on the BESS and the PAT. Reliability across test sessions ranged from moderate to poor for outcome measure.Conclusions:The BESS appears to be a more reliable and functional tool in dual-task conditions as a result of its increased reliability and clinical applicability. In addition, the BESS is more readily available to clinicians than the SOT.