bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exposure to Dihydroxyacetone in Sunless Tanning Products
Authors: Gallagher Mary 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
The public has been warned for years about the dangers of ultraviolet exposure from natural sunlight and tanning beds due to the associated risk for skin cancer development. An alternative to obtaining the sun-kissed look without ultraviolet exposure has been self-tanning products, which are applied directly to the skin via lotions, sprays, foams, and wipes. However, recent research has indicated that the chemical dihydroxyacetone (DHA), which is the active agent in most sunless tanning lotions, may cause cell damage via free radical reactions. Changes in pigmented lesion appearance during dermoscopic examinations after use of products containing DHA have been documented, and these findings will be analyzed. This integrative research review will examine evidence-based research regarding the risks of using DHA-containing products. Nola Pender’s health promotion model is recommended to identify strategies that healthcare providers can use when developing anticipatory guidance to address factors leading to barriers in health promoting behaviors. This model is focused on improvement of well-being while preventing diseases.
Practices, attitudes, and knowledge about Crohn’s disease and smoking cessation among gastroenterologists
Authors: Nulsen Benjamin , Sands Bruce E. , Shah Brijen J. , Ungaro Ryan C. 
Published: December 2017

Objective
Cigarette smoking is one of the most important, modifiable environmental factors in Crohn’s disease (CD) and screening for tobacco use is an official recommendation and quality measure in the care of CD patients. The objective of this study was to learn more about gastroenterologists’ practices, opinions, and knowledge in this area.

Patients and methods
A 15 question survey was sent through email to two national gastroenterology distribution lists. Questions were written in multiple choice formats and were designed to collect information about gastroenterologists’ practices, attitudes, and knowledge regarding smoking cessation in CD patients. Responses were stratified by practice setting, experience, and inflammatory bowel disease-focus. Responses were anonymous and were collected in a secure, online database.

Results
A total of 141 respondents completed the survey. Overall, 89% of participants screened their CD patients for smoking more than 75% of the time. In all, 62% provided smoking cessation counseling more than 75% of the time. Overall, 94% of respondents felt comfortable discussing the benefits of smoking cessation with their patients. In all, 56% felt comfortable discussing smoking cessation strategies with their patients. Overall, 88% of respondents agreed that gastroenterologists should provide smoking cessation counseling; however, 43 and 11% agreed that the gastroenterologist should be the primary counselor and primary prescriber of cessation-related pharmacotherapy, respectively.

Conclusion
Surveyed gastroenterologists agree that smoking cessation is an important part of the care of CD patients and this is reflected in their screening practices. Counseling occurs irregularly and many gastroenterologists do not feel comfortable discussing cessation strategies. Future guidelines should provide further guidance on the gastroenterologist’s role in smoking cessation counseling for CD patients.
Levocarnitine for the Treatment of Valproic Acid–Induced Hyperammonemic Encephalopathy in Children: The Experience of a Large, Tertiary Care Pediatric Hospital and a Poison Center
Authors: Glatstein Miguel , Bonifacio Rino Pedro , de Pinho Silvina , Scolnik Dennis , Pivko-Levi Dikla , Hoyte Christopher 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Although rare, symptomatic hyperammonemia is sometimes associated with valproic acid (VPA), especially in children. l-carnitine (levocarnitine), sometimes classified as an essential amino acid, is vital to mitochondrial utilization of fatty acids and can be helpful in treating this condition. The data supporting this, however, are limited.

Study Question:
The aim of the study was to illustrate the role of l-carnitine in the treatment of patients with VPA–induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy (VPE) at 2 different institutions.

Methods:
Medical records of affected patients were reviewed; data collected included exposure history, clinical manifestations, physical examination, and laboratory values.

Results:
There were 13 cases of VPE; 12 were associated with therapeutic dosing and 1 with an overdose. The maximum ammonia concentration was 557 μmol/L, and blood concentrations of VPA ranged from 68 to 600 μg/mL (therapeutic range 50–100 μg/mL). In all cases, liver function tests were normal or only mildly increased. In this study, 12 patients received a daily dose of l-carnitine 100 mg/kg, and 1 received 200 mg/kg (intravenous infusion over 30 minutes) divided every 8 hours until clinical improvement. All patients made a full recovery. None developed adverse effects or reactions, and no cases of toxicity were reported.

Conclusion:
Our series suggests that intravenous l-carnitine, at a dose of 100 mg·kg−1·d−1 in 3 divided doses each over 30 minutes until clinical improvement occurs, is a safe and effective treatment in the management of VPE in children.
Care Management to Reduce Disparities and Control Hypertension in Primary Care
Authors: Hong Jonathan C. , Padula William V. , Hollin Ilene L. , Hussain Tanvir , Dietz Katherine B. , Halbert Jennifer P. , Marsteller Jill A. , Cooper Lisa A. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Project ReD CHiP (reducing disparities and controlling hypertension in primary care) care management was a clinic-based intervention that aimed to improve blood pressure control through improved care coordination and provide self-management support to patients from racially and socioeconomically.

Objective:
To evaluate the cost-effectiveness of ReD CHiP care management versus standard care to treat hypertension in diverse communities.

Research Design:
Microsimulation model from a health care sector perspective over 15 years. We used the published literature to inform our model including the ReD CHiP trial and the age-specific and race-specific cardiovascular disease risk equations. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the uncertainty.

Subjects:
Primary prevention in a racially diverse setting.

Measures:
Costs per quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) to produce an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results:
ReD CHiP had an increase of $2114 and 0.04 QALYs. The ICER was $52,850/QALY. Predominately African American (ICER: $48,250/QALY) and elderly populations (ie, age 65+) derived value from ReD CHiP (ICER: $39,525/QALY). The value of ReD CHiP varied with changes in the reduction in systolic blood pressure (5 mm Hg reduction, ICER: $133,300/QALY; 15 mm Hg reduction, ICER: $18,767/QALY). Probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicated that ReD CHiP CM was cost-effective in over 90% of simulations, based on a willingness-to-pay of $100,000/QALY.

Conclusions:
ReD CHiP care management is cost-effective to prevent negative consequences of hypertension. African American and elderly patients have more favorable ICERs, recommending targeted interventions to improve health equity among vulnerable patient populations.
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm of the Pancreas in Children and Adults: A National Study of 369 Patients
Authors: Leraas Harold J. , Kim Jina , Sun Zhifei , Ezekian Brian , Gulack Brian C. , Reed Christopher R. , Tracy Elisabeth T. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas is a rare tumor in children, with current evidence limited to single-center studies. We examined treatment and clinical outcomes for pediatric and adult SPN with a national data set.

Methods:
The 2004 to 2013 National Cancer Data Base was queried to identify all patients diagnosed with SPN. The cohort was stratified by age (pediatric and adult) defined as below 18 years and 18 years and above, respectively. Baseline characteristics and unadjusted outcomes were compared.

Results:
We identified 21 pediatric and 348 adult patients with SPN. Both groups displayed similar demographic composition. Patients were commonly female (90.5% [pediatric] vs. 85.9% [adult], P=0.56) and white (66.7% vs. 68.3%, P=0.74). Tumor location was similar between adults and children. Median tumor size was similar between children and adults (5.9 vs. 4.9 cm, P=0.41). Treatment strategies did not vary between groups. Partial pancreatectomy was the most common resection strategy (71.4% vs. 53.1%, P=0.80). Both groups experienced low mortality (0.0% vs. 0.7% at 5 y, P=0.31).

Conclusions:
This study provides the largest comparison of pediatric and adult SPN to date. Children with SPN have similar disease severity at presentation, receive similar treatments, and demonstrate equivalent postoperative outcomes compared with their adult counterparts.
Satisfaction and Barriers of Surgical Safety Checklist Implementation in a Nonmandatory Adoption Resource-Limited Country
Authors: Kasatpibal Nongyao , Sirakamon Somjai , Punjasawadwong Yodying , Chitreecheur Jittaporn , Chotirosniramit Narain , Pakvipas Parichat , Whitney JoAnne D. 
Published: December 2017

Objectives
A surgical safety checklist has been a globally implemented and mandated adoption in several countries. However, its use is not mandatory in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the perceptions of surgical personnel on surgical complications and safety and to examine the satisfaction and barriers of surgical safety checklist implementation.

Methods
A survey study was performed between November 2013 and February 2015 in 61 Thai hospitals. A questionnaire capturing demographics, perceptions related to surgical complications and safety, and the satisfaction and barriers of surgical safety checklist implementation was distributed to surgical personnel.

Results
A total of 2024 surgical personnel were recruited. Nearly all of them reported experience or knowledge of an adverse surgical event (99.6%). Most thought that it could be preventable (98.2%) and quality care improvement could help reduce the occurrence of adverse events (97.7%). Overall, respondents reported a high level of satisfaction with the checklist (mean [SD] = 3.79 [0.71]). The three areas of highest satisfaction were benefit to the patient (mean [SD] = 4.11 [0.69]), benefit to the organization (mean [SD] = 4.05 [0.68]), and reduction in adverse events (mean [SD] = 4.02 [0.69]). Overall, the barrier for implementation of the checklist was rated as moderate (mean [SD] = 2.52 [0.99]). However, the means of barriers in each period, sign in, time out, and sign out, were rated as low (means [SD] = 2.41 [1.07], 2.50 [1.03], and 2.34 [1.01], respectively).

Conclusions
The data document that the satisfaction with the checklist are fairly high. However, some barriers were identified. Efforts to increase understanding through more rigorous policy enforcement and strategic support may lead to improving the checklist implementation.
Isoniazid Preventive Therapy for People With HIV Who Are Heavy Alcohol Drinkers in High TB-/HIV-Burden Countries: A Risk–Benefit Analysis
Authors: Freiman J. Morgan , Jacobson Karen R. , Muyindike Winnie R. , Horsburgh C. Robert , Ellner Jerrold J. , Hahn Judith A. , Linas Benjamin P. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) reduces mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV) and is recommended for those without active tuberculosis (TB) symptoms. Heavy alcohol use, however, is contraindicated for liver toxicity concerns. We evaluated the risks and benefits of IPT at antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation to ART alone for PLHIV who are heavy drinkers in 3 high TB-/HIV-burden countries.

Methods:
We developed a Markov simulation model to compare ART alone to ART with either 6 or 36 months of IPT for heavy drinking PLHIV enrolling in care in Brazil, India, and Uganda. Outcomes included nonfatal toxicity, fatal toxicity, life expectancy, TB cases, and TB death.

Results:
In this simulation, 6 months of IPT + ART (IPT6) extended life expectancy over both ART alone and 36 months of IPT + ART (IPT36) in India and Uganda, but ART alone dominated in Brazil in 51.5% of simulations. Toxicity occurred in 160/1000 persons on IPT6 and 415/1000 persons on IPT36, with fatal toxicity in 8/1000 on IPT6 and 21/1000 on IPT36. Sensitivity analyses favored IPT6 in India and Uganda with high toxicity thresholds.

Conclusions:
The benefits of IPT for heavy drinkers outweighed its risks in India and Uganda when given for a 6-month course. The toxicity/efficacy trade-off was less in Brazil where TB incidence is lower. IPT6 resulted in fatal toxicity in 8/1000 people, whereas even higher toxicities of IPT36 negated its benefits in all countries. Data to better characterize IPT toxicity among HIV-infected drinkers are needed to improve guidance.
Prediction of Posthepatectomy Liver Failure Proposed by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery
Authors: Mizutani Yoichi , Hirai Toshinori , Nagamachi Shigeki , Nanashima Atsushi , Yano Koichi , Kondo Kazuhiro , Hiyoshi Masahide , Imamura Naoya , Terada Tamasa 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS) proposed a definition and grading system for posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF). We evaluated the usefulness of residual liver function estimation using 99mTc-galactosyl human serum albumin (99mTc-GSA) for the prediction of PHLF.

Methods
Patients with liver tumors (n = 136) and scheduled for hepatectomy underwent 99mTc-GSA scintigraphy. Based on their imaging data, the maximal GSA removal rate (GSA-Rmax)was calculated using multicompartment analysis. We also calculated GSA-Rmax in the predicted residual liver (GSA-RL) whose volume was determined on computed tomography (CT) scans. We compared the age, sex, 15-minute indocyanine green retention rate; albumin, bilirubin, hyaluronic acid, and type 4 collagen levels; the Child-Pugh classification; residual liver volume; residual liver percentage; GSA-Rmax; and GSA-RL in patients with and without PHLF. Univariate and multivariate logistic analyses were used for statistical assessments.

Results
Of 136 patients, 17 (12.5%) met the ISGLS criteria for PHLF (ISGLS-PHLF). There was a statistically significant difference in the age, albumin level, Child-Pugh classification, residual liver volume, residual liver percentage, GSA-Rmax, and GSA-RL between patients with and without PHLF. Based on multivariate analysis, GSA-RL and the residual liver volume were significant independent predictors of ISGLS-PHLF (P = 0.004 and P = 0.038, respectively). The odds ratio was 149423 for GSA-RL and 1.003 for the residual liver volume.

Conclusions
GSA-RL calculated using 99mTc-GSA scintigraphy was the most useful independent predictor for ISGLS-PHLF.
Artifactual Hepatic Metastasis on FDG PET/CT Secondary to Cryoablation for Adrenal Metastasis
Authors: Frankl Joseph , Eshghi Naghmehossadat , Lundeen Tamara F. , Kuo Phillip H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A 65-year-old woman with metastatic lung cancer was referred for CT-guided cryoablation of a right adrenal metastasis. For cryoablation, probes were placed into the adrenal region. FDG PET/CT 3 months later showed new activity in hepatic segment 6 initially suspected to be metastasis. Proximity of the hepatic lesion to the adrenal metastasis was a strange coincidence and prompted review of imaging from the cryoablation. CT showed the probe entered the liver, and postablation image demonstrated injury to the liver adjacent to the adrenal metastasis. Careful review of treatment history and imaging from ablation procedures are important to avoid this pitfall.
Postoperative Mortality After Nonelective Surgery for Inflammatory Bowel Disease Patients in the Era of Biologics
Authors: Justiniano Carla F. , Aquina Christopher T. , Becerra Adan Z. , Xu Zhaomin , Boodry Courtney I. , Swanger Alex A. , Monson John R. T. , Fleming Fergal J. 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
The aim of the study was to analyze recent trends in the rate of nonelective surgery and corresponding mortality for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients since the rise of biologic use.

Background:
Modern biologic therapy has improved outcomes for IBD, but little is known about the impact on mortality rates after nonelective surgery.

Methods:
New York's Statewide Planning & Research Cooperative System was queried for hospital admissions for ulcerative colitis (UC) with concurrent colectomy and Crohn disease (CD) with concurrent small bowel resection or colectomy from 2000 to 2013. Mixed-effects analyses assessed patient, surgeon, and hospital-level factors and hospital-level variation associated with 30-day mortality after nonelective surgery.

Results:
Between 2000 to 2006 and 2007 to 2013, the number of unscheduled IBD-related admissions increased by 50% for UC and 41% for CD, but no change in the proportion of nonelective surgery cases was observed (UC=38% vs 38%; CD=45% vs 42%) among 15,837 intestinal resections (UC=5,297; CD=10,540). Nonelective surgery mortality rates between 2000 to 2006 and 2007 to 2013 were high and increased for UC (10.2% vs 15%) but decreased for CD (3.3% vs 2.2%). Nonelective surgery in 2007 to 2013 was associated with an 82% increased risk of 30-day mortality in UC cases (odds ratio: 1.82; confidence interval: 1.19–2.62). After controlling for patient-level factors, large hospital-level variation was observed with 23-fold difference in mortality for both UC and CD.

Conclusions:
Although nonelective IBD surgery rates have remained stable, associated 30-day mortality for UC has doubled in recent years despite advances in medical management. Current clinical decision-making and care pathways must be further evaluated to improve outcomes in this high-risk population.
On three-dimensional Gerstner-like equatorial water waves
Authors: Henry D. 
Published: December 2017

This paper reviews some recent mathematical research activity in the field of nonlinear geophysical water waves. In particular, we survey a number of exact Gerstner-like solutions which have been derived to model various geophysical oceanic waves, and wave–current interactions, in the equatorial region. These solutions are nonlinear, three-dimensional and explicit in terms of Lagrangian variables.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
The dynamic pressure in deep-water extreme Stokes waves
Authors: Lyons Tony 
Published: December 2017

In this paper, we consider the dynamic pressure in a deep-water extreme Stokes wave. While the presence of stagnation points introduces a number of mathematical complications, maximum principles are applied to analyse the dynamic pressure in the fluid body by means of an excision process. It is shown that the dynamic pressure attains its maximum value beneath the wave crest and its minimum beneath the wave trough, while it decreases in moving away from the crest line along any streamline.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Capturing the flow beneath water waves
Authors: Nachbin A. , Ribeiro-Junior R. 
Published: December 2017

Recently, the authors presented two numerical studies for capturing the flow structure beneath water waves (Nachbin and Ribeiro-Junior 2014Disc. Cont. Dyn. Syst. A34, 3135–3153 (doi:10.3934/dcds.2014.34.3135); Ribeiro-Junioret al.2017J. Fluid Mech.812, 792–814 (doi:10.1017/jfm.2016.820)). Closed orbits for irrotational waves with an opposing current and stagnation points for rotational waves were some of the issues addressed. This paper summarizes the numerical strategies adopted for capturing the flow beneath irrotational and rotational water waves. It also presents new preliminary results for particle trajectories, due to irrotational waves, in the presence of a bottom topography.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Dynamic-pressure distributions under Stokes waves with and without a current
Authors: Umeyama Motohiko 
Published: December 2017

To investigate changes in the instability of Stokes waves prior to wave breaking in shallow water, pressure data were recorded vertically over the entire water depth, except in the near-surface layer (from 0 cm to −3 cm), in a recirculating channel. In addition, we checked the pressure asymmetry under several conditions. The phase-averaged dynamic-pressure values for the wave–current motion appear to increase compared with those for the wave-alone motion; however, they scatter in the experimental range. The measured vertical distributions of the dynamic pressure were plotted over one wave cycle and compared to the corresponding predictions on the basis of third-order Stokes wave theory. The dynamic-pressure pattern was not the same during the acceleration and deceleration periods. Spatially, the dynamic pressure varies according to the faces of the wave, i.e. the pressure on the front face is lower than that on the rear face. The direction of wave propagation with respect to the current directly influences the essential features of the resulting dynamic pressure. The results demonstrate that interactions between travelling waves and a current lead more quickly to asymmetry.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.
Nonlinear water waves: introduction and overview
Authors: Constantin A. 
Published: December 2017

For more than two centuries progress in the study of water waves proved to be interdependent with innovative and deep developments in theoretical and experimental directions of investigation. In recent years, considerable progress has been achieved towards the understanding of waves of large amplitude. Within this setting one cannot rely on linear theory as nonlinearity becomes an essential feature. Various analytic methods have been developed and adapted to come to terms with the challenges encountered in settings where approximations (such as those provided by linear or weakly nonlinear theory) are ineffective. Without relying on simpler models, progress becomes contingent upon the discovery of structural properties, the exploitation of which requires a combination of creative ideas and state-of-the-art technical tools. The successful quest for structure often reveals unexpected patterns and confers aesthetic value on some of these studies. The topics covered in this issue are both multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary: there is a strong interplay between mathematical analysis, numerical computation and experimental/field data, interacting with each other via mutual stimulation and feedback. This theme issue reflects some of the new important developments that were discussed during the programme ‘Nonlinear water waves’ that took place at the Isaac Newton Institute for Mathematical Sciences (Cambridge, UK) from 31st July to 25th August 2017. A cross-section of the experts in the study of water waves who participated in the programme authored the collected papers. These papers illustrate the diversity, intensity and interconnectivity of the current research activity in this area. They offer new insight, present emerging theoretical methodologies and computational approaches, and describe sophisticated experimental results.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Nonlinear water waves’.