bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
دور استخدام الذكاء الاصطناعي في تعزيز حكم المدقق اتجاه المكلفين بالحوكمة وفقاً لمعيار التدقيق الدولي 260 لتقييم استمرارية الوحدة الاقتصادية
Authors: منى جبار محمد  
Published: October 2024

يهدف البحث إلى بـيان مسؤولية مراقب الحسابـات اتجاه المكلفين بـالحوكمة على وفق معيار التدقيق الدولي 260 عند تدقيق القوائم المالية, من خلال استخدام تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في التدقيق المتمثلة بالشبكات العصبية كتقنية متطورة مما يسهم في تعزيز قراراته حول مدى استمرارية الوحدة الاقتصادية, ولتحقيق هدف البـحث تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي باستخدام الحزمة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية (SPSS) في تحليل البـينات واختبـار الفرضيات، وتم توزيع الاستبـانة على عدد من افراد العينة اذ بـلغ 45 استبـانة منها 44 استبـانة صالحة للتحليل. وكانت اهم الاستنتاجات " هنالك تأثير ذو دلالة معنوية لاستخدام تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي في تقرير مراقب الحسابـات لتعزيز حكمة اتجاه المكلفين بالحوكمة حول قدرة الوحدة الاقتصادية على الاستمرارية ". وكان من أهم التوصيات العمل على نشر مفهوم وثقافة الاطراف المكلفين بالحوكمة بـشكل أوسع لدى كافة الأطراف ذات العلاقة وإصدار النشرات والتعليمات التي تعكس مفاهيم وتطبـيقات الحوكمة على وفق معيار التدقيق الدولي 260 فضلا عن بـيان مدى قدرة تقنيات الذكاء الاصطناعي عند تطبيقها في اجراءات التدقيق لتعزيز حكم المدقق اتجاه المكلفين بالحوكمة حول مدى قدرة الوحدة الاقتصادية على الاستمرارية.
Results from Structural Stability Studies of Advanced Heat-Resistant Steels and Alloys for Fossil Power Plants in China
Authors: Xie Xishan , Chi Chengyu , Yu Hongyao , Yu Qiuying , Dong Jianxin , Chen Mengzhe , Zhao Shuangqun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This overview paper summarizes part of structure stability study results in China on advanced heat-resistant steels, nickel-iron and nickel base superalloys such as 12Cr2MoWVTiB(GY102) ferritic steel, Super 304H austenitic steel, GH2984, Nimonic 80A and INCONEL 740 superalloys for fossil power plant application. China had established first USC power plant with steam parameters of 650°C and 25 MPa in the year of 2006. Austenitic heat-resistant steel Super 304H is mainly used as boiler superheater and reheater material. Ni-Cr-Fe base superalloy GH2984 was used as tube material for marine power application. Ni-Cr-Co type INCONEL 740 has been studied in a joint project with Special Metals Corp., USA for European USC model power plant with the steam temperature of 700°C. Nimonic 80A has been used as several stage USC steam turbine bucket material at 600°C in China. Structure stability study of Nimonic 80A shows its possibility of 700°C application for USC steam turbine buckets.
Advances in Materials Technology for A-USC Power Plant Boilers
Authors: Igarashi Masaaki , Semba Hiroyuki , Yonemura Mitsuharu , Hamaguchi Tomoaki , Okada Hirokazu , Yoshizawa Mitsuru , Iseda Atsuro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Recent advances in materials technology for boilers materials in the advanced USC (A-USC) power plants have been reviewed based on the experiences from the strengthening and degradation of long term creep properties and the relevant microstructural evolution in the advanced high Cr ferritic steels. P122 and P92 type steels are considered to exhibit the long term creep strength degradation over 600°C, which is mainly due to the instability of the martensitic microstructure strengthened too much by MX carbonitrides. This can be modified by reducing the precipitation of VN nitride and by optimizing the Cr content of the steels. An Fe-Ni based alloy, HR6W strengthened by the Fe2W type Laves phase is found to be a marginal strength level material with good ductility at high temperatures over 700°C and to be used for a large diameter heavy wall thick piping such as main steam pipe and hot reheat pipe in A-USC plants, while Ni-Co based alloys such as Alloys 617 and 263 strengthened by a large amount of the y’ phase are found to be the high strength candidate materials for superheater and reheater tubes, although they are prone to relaxation cracking after welding and to grain boundary embrittlement during long term creep exposure. A new Ni based alloy, HR35 strengthened by a-Cr phase and other intermetallic phases has been proposed for piping application, which is specially designed for a good resistance to relaxation cracking as well as high strength and a good resistance to steam oxidation and fire-side corrosion at high temperatures over 700°C.
Modeling Fireside Corrosion of Heat Exchanger Materials in Advanced Energy Systems
Authors: Lant T. , Keefe C. , Davies C. , McGhee B. , Simms N. , Fry T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This paper outlines a comprehensive UK-based research project (2007-2010) focused on developing fireside corrosion models for heat exchangers in ultra-supercritical plants. The study evaluates both conventional materials like T22 and advanced materials such as Super 304H, examining their behavior under various test environments with metal skin temperatures ranging from 425°C to 680°C. The research aims to generate high-quality data on corrosion behavior for materials used in both furnace and convection sections, ultimately producing reliable corrosion prediction models for boiler tube materials operating under demanding conditions. The project addresses some limitations of existing models for these new service conditions and provides a brief review of the fuels and test environments used in the program. Although modeling is still limited, preliminary results have been presented, focusing on predicting fireside corrosion rates for furnace walls, superheaters, and reheaters under various service environments. These environments include those created by oxyfuel operation, coal-biomass co-firing, and more traditional coal firing.
Online Gas Measurements in a Pilot-Scale Combustion Facility for Fireside Corrosion Study
Authors: Kung Steven C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A comprehensive fireside corrosion study was undertaken to better understand the corrosion mechanisms operating on the superheaters and lower furnace walls of advanced coal- fired utility boilers. The study intended to evaluate the fireside conditions generated from burning eight U.S. coals individually in a pilot-scale combustion facility. These coals consisted of a wide range of compositions that are of interest to the utility industry. The combustion facility was capable of producing the realistic conditions of staged combustion existing in coal-fired utility boilers. During each of the combustion tests, gas and deposit samples were collected and analyzed via in-furnace probing at selected locations corresponding to the waterwalls and superheaters. Testing of five of the eight coal groups has been completed to date. Results of these online measurements helped reveal the dynamic nature of the combustion environments produced in coal-fired boilers. Coexistence of reducing and oxidizing species in the gas phase was evident in both combustion zones, indicating that thermodynamic equilibrium of the overall combustion gases was generally unattainable. However, the amount of sulfur released from coal to form sulfur-bearing gaseous species in both the reducing and oxidizing zones was in a linear relationship with the amount of the total sulfur in coal, independent of the original sulfur forms. Such a linear relationship was also observed for the measured HCl gas relative to the coal chlorine content. However, the release of sulfur from coal to the gas phase appeared to be slightly faster and more complete than that of chlorine in the combustion zone, while both sulfur and chlorine were completely released and reacted to form respective gaseous species in the oxidizing zone. The information of sulfur and chlorine release processes in coal combustion generated from this study is considered new to the industry and provides valuable insight to the understanding of fireside corrosion mechanisms.
The Effect of Service Aging on the Creep-Fatigue Properties of Alloy 617 Parent Metal and Welds
Authors: Gamble W.L. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To enhance power plant efficiency, global projects aim to increase operating temperatures to 700 °C (1292 °F) and beyond, surpassing the capabilities of conventional ferritic and austenitic steel alloys and necessitating the use of nickel-based alloys like Alloy 617. This study evaluated the fatigue and creep-fatigue performance of Alloy 617, including both parent metal and welds, at 650 °C (1202 °F). Tests were conducted on virgin material, service-aged samples (up to 25,000 hours), and material over-aged at 800 °C (1472 °F) for 1,000 hours. Results indicated that service aging only slightly reduced the pure fatigue properties of Alloy 617, but significantly decreased its life under creep-fatigue conditions. The creep-fatigue life of ex-service welds was reduced to less than one-third of that of virgin parent metal. The data suggests that the introduction of a tensile hold period impacts Alloy 617's life more than Alloy 263 but less than Alloy 740, potentially linked to the cyclic strength of the alloys. The reduction in life for Alloy 617 is notably greater than that observed in conventional ferritic alloys.
Boron Strengthening in Ferritic 9Cr3W3CoVNbBN Steel with Improved Crossweld Creep Performance
Authors: Mayr Peter , Holzer Ivan , Albu Mihaela , Kothleitner Gerald , Cerjak Horst , Allen Samuel M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Ferritic 9-12 wt.% chromium steels are commonly used for thick-walled high-temperature components in thermal power plants, but they face two major limitations in high-temperature service. Firstly, a reduction in creep strength occurs after approximately 10,000 hours at service temperatures around 600°C, due to the dissolution of finely dispersed V-rich nitrides and the precipitation of coarse particles of the modified Z-phase, [(Cr,V,Nb)N]. Secondly, welded joints of nearly all ferritic steel grades are prone to premature creep failures in the fine-grained heat-affected zone, known as Type IV cracking, which results from a strength loss of up to 50% compared to the base material. This study describes the development of a 9Cr3W3CoVNb steel with added boron and controlled nitrogen content. Preliminary creep testing results up to 24,000 hours at 650°C show a significant improvement in creep strength compared to established ferritic 9Cr grades like P91 and P92, attributed to a reduced driving force for the precipitation of modified Z-phase particles. Crosswelds of the new 9Cr3W3CoVNbBN steel also demonstrate improved creep behavior at 650°C, with creep rupture strength comparable to the mean base material creep strength of the best commercially available grade P92.
Prediction of Microstructural Evolution in Austenitic Stainless Steels for Extended Life Power Plant Applications
Authors: Zhu F. , Faulkner R.G. , Higginson R. L. , Spindler S. , Baker A. , Hamm C. D. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study investigates the microstructure evolution of Type 316H stainless steel, focusing on the identification of major precipitates using advanced characterization techniques. The precipitation sequence at service temperatures of 650°C is identified as M23C6, followed by Laves phase, grain boundary (GB) sigma phase, and inter-granular sigma phase. At 750°C, the sequence progresses from M23C6 to Laves phase, GB sigma phase, chi phase, and intra-granular sigma phase, with the chi phase forming intra- and inter-granularly after 5,000 hours of aging. During the formation of the sigma and chi phases, carbides and Laves phases dissolve. A Monte Carlo model has been developed to predict detailed microstructure evolution during long-term aging, calibrated using quantitative precipitate evolution measurements of Type 316H. After validation, the model aligns well with experimental data, offering a method to predict the microstructure of Type 316H and potentially other austenitic stainless steels over the lifespan of power plants.
Application of the Attention-Guided Neural Network for Defect Detection
Authors: Solovey Alexey , Zhang Chuan , Li Jane Y. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Attention-Guided Neural Network is designed to analyze periodic SEM images of SRAM. Autoencoder latent features layer is used to reconstruct the crops of the original image. By thresholding the ability of the autoencoder to reconstruct the original image, the defects and artifacts of the original image are automatically located. This approach could be used to detect visual anomalies.
Enhancing Soft Defect Localization with Software Automated Intelligent Laser Scanning (SAILS)
Authors: Karunanithi Arun , Caroselli Joseph , Gao Winston , Liao Aaron 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Soft defect localization (SDL) is a fault isolation (FI) technique used to root cause device marginalities and/or defects. The variety of test modes and their marginalities that can be solved with SDL is increasing as we find new ways to utilize this technique to our needs. However, SDL analysis can be time consuming if the test times are slow since millions of test executions are needed to get a statistically significant result. To solve this problem, we propose an improvement named software automated intelligent laser scanning (SAILS) to modulate laser dwell time on the fly. This software and hardware implementation can be applied to any test method, now or in the future, and to any of the SDL tools available in the market. In this paper, we discuss the successful implementation of this approach and show its ability to judiciously mask out sites in real-time and use this mask to modulate laser dwell time.
EOS Failure in Low-Voltage Core Circuits during Latch-up Test at I/O Pins
Authors: Hsu Chen-Wei , Ker Ming-Dou , Chung Ping-Lin , Cheng Chin-Tung , Chen Chih-Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The occurrence of electrical overstress (EOS) failure in low-voltage core circuits resulting from latch-up test at the I/O pins was investigated, where a specific commercial IC product equipped with on-chip low-dropout regulator (LDO). Through failure analysis experiments, the root cause of EOS failures is identified to the abnormal LDO output voltage during latch-up test. In this work, a modified design featuring a deep n-well (DNW) beneath the NMOS region is proposed to mitigate EOS issue by enhancing electron absorption. Additionally, compensation network configurations are explored to explain the abnormal LDO operation. The experimental results from test chip have validated the effectiveness of the proposed modifications, emphasizing the importance of proactive measures in mitigating EOS failures.
Addressing the Cost and Execution Challenges of Scan Chain Testing and Failure Analysis of Complex IC’s
Authors: Flor Alexander , Javier Jeffrey S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Analyzing scan chain failures is challenging without dedicated test hardware. Traditional solutions like ATE testers and compact diagnosis tools have significant drawbacks: they're expensive, require complex hardware customization and proprietary software licenses, and need substantial lab space. This paper presents a cost-effective alternative: a portable, flexible, and fully customizable bench-top scan chain testing system that easily integrates with fault isolation tools. Using an off-the-shelf embedded development tool, we replicated the complete scan chain testing process—from pattern generation to test vector transmission/reception and results comparison. The system reduces costs by approximately 200-fold compared to traditional solutions. We validated our approach by analyzing a device with marginal and frequency-dependent stuck-at-scan failures. Using DALS (Dynamic Analog Laser Stimulation), we successfully localized the defect and confirmed it through mechanical delayering, FIB cross-sectioning, and SEM imaging.
Targeted TEM SRAM-Like Analysis Without Delayering
Authors: Demarest J. , Austin B. , Tierney L. , Martin Z. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the ever-increasing complexity of today’s state-of-the-art semiconductor structures, it is desirable to seek any advantage in the fault isolation and analysis paradigm to improve time to data. This paper discusses one such improvement where it is shown to be possible to target silicon (Si) devices, their metal contacts, or any other location in the wafer stack in a SRAM test structure from metal level 7 (M7) for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) sample fabrication using a modified sample geometry, focused ion beam (FIB) software targeting tools, and planning for failure analysis at the mask design stage. Electron beam inspection data was used to drive back to the location of interest in this example. The subsequent analysis shows a silicon and oxygen rich material creating an open contact defect signature.
Revolutionizing Failure Analysis: EBAC Nanoprobing Analysis Insights into Inaccessible Floating Gates of Advanced Tech Node Automotive NVMs
Authors: Tan P.K. , Ting S.L. , Thoungh H.H.W. , Ng P.T. , Quah Alfred C.T. , Xu N.Y. , Yu T.T. , Oh Jessica , Teo Angela , Tam Y.S. , Kang K.K. , Chen C.Q. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The escalating demand for embedded non-volatile memories (NVM) across automotive, mobile, and personal computer applications necessitates continuous innovation in semiconductor devices. This study focuses on the failure analysis (FA) of split-gate NVM memory, which dominates the landscape of embedded NVM in advanced processes. Presenting a novel approach utilizing nanoprobe techniques on non-accessible floating gate (FG) of NVM, we aim to detect leakage pathways through electron beam absorb current (EBAC) analysis. Through comprehensive experimental analysis and case studies, we demonstrate the efficacy of electrical nanoprobing and innovative sample preparation techniques in understanding the mechanisms behind program and data retention failures in NVM. Our study highlights the significance of precise delayering and nanoprobe techniques on inaccessible FG and identifies potential avenues for future FA methodologies. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of NVM failure mechanisms, paving the way for enhanced reliability or yield in NVM devices.
Simultaneous Thermomechanical Mapping via Optical Pumping for Subsurface Defect Identification
Authors: Jarzembski Amun , Hodges Wyatt , Siddiqui Aleem , Bahr Matt , Yates Luke , Pickrell Greg 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Advancements in microelectronics necessitate novel failure analysis techniques sensitive to the specific failure physics. Thermo-mechanical failure is a well-known issue in heterogeneously integrated microelectronics, which often requires destructive failure analysis to identify. Here, we demonstrate thermo-mechanical heat response (T-MeHR) as a non-destructive failure analysis method which combines pump-probe thermoreflectance with optical interferometry. In particular, we are able to map subsurface defects in a silicon-silicon direct bonded system and find that the simultaneously acquired thermal and mechanical signals provide complementary profiles dictated by the defect severity and size.
CMOS Integrated Circuit Analysis Using Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors
Authors: Chowdhury Ravin A. , Chiles Jeff , Cage Brandon , Khan Saeed , Mirin Richard P. , O'Loughlin Ryan , Stevens Martin J. , Shainline Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Time-resolved emission microscopy (TREM) enables non-intrusive failure analysis of integrated circuits through photoemission detection at picosecond resolution. While photoemission occurs in both functional and faulty ICs, certain emission patterns distinctively indicate device defects. The primary mechanism driving this phenomenon is hot carrier luminescence in silicon, where carriers with excess kinetic energy release photons through intraband transitions. In CMOS logic, these emissions occur when MOSFETs switch between logical states, generating drain-to-source current flow. However, modern large-scale ICs present unique challenges for photoemission analysis: their lower operating voltages and reduced switching currents result in fewer photon emissions, predominantly in the infrared spectrum. We address these limitations by implementing superconducting-nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs), enabling high-sensitivity photoemission microscopy for advanced IC failure analysis.
Solving Complex Electrical Fault Isolation Challenges with Innovative DFT Strategies
Authors: Endrinal Lesly , Kinger Rakesh , Pradeep Wilson , Mittal Shruti , Saujauddin Jehan , Ho Sean , Suri Jyotika , Chittora Atul , Kassab Mark , Orlando Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As System-on-a-Chip (SoC) continues to increase in complexity, multiple functionalities are being integrated into one integrated circuit (IC). This requires optimization of Design-for-Testability (DFT) strategies to minimize test time while still ensuring full test coverage of the entire chip. It has led to the widespread adoption of Tessent Streaming Scan Network (SSN) architecture on advanced technology nodes. Unlike traditional scan architectures that send data directly to the scan chains, SSN breaks down the data into packets and optimizes the delivery of these packets to allow efficient, concurrent testing of any number of cores. However, SSN presents a challenge for failure analysis, as it becomes extremely difficult to directly modify the SSN patterns on the fly to create a stimulus that will be used for many of the electrical fault isolation (EFI) techniques such as Laser Voltage Imaging (LVI) and Probing (LVP), Dynamic Laser Stimulation (DLS) and Photon Emissions Analysis (PEM). Key challenges include the inability to loop test patterns, run periodic sequences and no visibility of the scan control and clock signals, since these signals are internally generated by the SSH during retargeting. This paper introduces a new Tessent DFT enhancement developed by Siemens called the “LVX mode”. It is the first feature designed to enable Failure Analysis within a DFT tool, utilizing specific DFT hardware for implementation. In addition, another DFT feature which enables writing special pattern annotations that will indicate the start and end of a capture window and the location of all the capture pulses within that window for a particular pattern will also be presented, together with a methodology that will enable static Photon Emissions on SSN patterns. Since on-the-fly modification of the patterns is not possible in SSN, this paper will present two methods that would allow for a more effective and efficient DLS looping. Lastly, the paper will showcase multiple use cases that demonstrate the effectiveness of these identified DFT enhancements for FA.