bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The physiologic coupling of sucking and swallowing coordination provides a unique process for neonatal survival
Authors: McGrattan Katlyn E. , Sivalingam Maneesha , Hasenstab Kathryn A. , Wei Lai , Jadcherla Sudarshan R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimAlthough the coordination of sucking and swallowing is critical for successful oral intake in neonates, the mechanisms that facilitate this coordination are not well understood. This investigation sought to clarify the mechanisms that facilitate this coordination, by comparing sucks that were coordinated with swallows and sucks that were completed in isolation.MethodsTen neonates with a median gestational age of 28.2 weeks, ranging from 27.0 to 35.0 weeks, were recruited from the neonatal nurseries at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio,USA. They were evaluated while bottle‐feeding at term gestation for differences in characteristics between sucks that were coupled and not coupled with swallows. Suction was evaluated using an intra‐oral pressure transducer, and swallows were identified using a micromanometry pharyngeal catheter. Linear mixed models were applied to distinguish sucking characteristics.ResultsSuction exhibited an antiphase relationship with the generation and release of positive pharyngeal pressure during the swallow. Coupled sucks had lower suction generation and release rates (p < 0.0001), lower suction amplitude (p = 0.004), longer suction duration (p < 0.0001) and higher milk ejection pressure (p < 0.0001).ConclusionThe coordination of unique sucking and swallowing movement patterns may be achieved by the infant adapting sucking kinematics around the lingual patterns that facilitate the pharyngeal swallow.
Oesophageal narrowing on barium oesophagram is more common in adult patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis than PPI‐responsive oesophageal eosinophilia
Authors: Podboy A. , Katzka D. A. , Enders F. , Larson J. J. , Geno D. , Kryzer L. , Alexander J. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryBackgroundTo date there have been no clear features that aid in differentiating patients with eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE) from PPI‐responsive oesophageal eosinophilia (PPI‐REE). However, barium swallow roentgenography is a more sensitive and specific measure to detect subtle fibrostenotic remodeling changes present in EoE. We aim to characterise any clinical, endoscopic, histiological or barium roentgenographic differences between EoE and PPI‐REE.AimTo characterise any clinical, endoscopic, histiological or barium roentgenographic differences between EoE and PPI‐REE.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort analysis on data collected from a tertiary referral centre population from 2010 to 2015. Data from 66 patients with EoE and 28 patients with PPI‐REE were analysed. Cases were adults who met consensus guidelines for EOE, and had a barium swallow study within 6 months of the index endoscopy. Clinical, endoscopic, histiological and barium swallow findings were collected.ResultsPatients with EoE reported similar characteristics as PPI‐REE patients, except EoE patients were younger (35.6 vs. 46.6 years; P = 0.011), had earlier symptom onset (29.0 vs. 38.0 years; P = 0.026), and smaller oesophageal diameters on barium swallow (19.5 mm vs. 20; P = 0.042). Patients with EoE were more likely to have distal strictures (EoE 77% vs. 25%; P = 0.02) and, importantly, a greater likelihood of small calibre oesophagus (51.5% vs. 17.9%; P = 0.002). Moreover, EoE patients had a higher probability of developing small calibre oesophagus after 20 years of symptoms (72.3% vs. 30.2%; P = 0.074) compared to PPI‐REE patients.ConclusionsWhen compared with eosinophilic oesophagitis, PPI‐REE patients demonstrate findings that suggest PPI‐responsive oesophageal eosinophilia to be a later onset, less aggressive form of oesophageal stricturing disease than eosinophilic oesophagitis.
mTOR Inhibition improves anaemia and reduces organ damage in a murine model of sickle cell disease
Authors: Wang Jintao , Tran Jennifer , Wang Hui , Guo Chiao , Harro David , Campbell Andrew D. , Eitzman Daniel T. 
Published: March 2016

Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been shown to play an important role in red blood cell physiology, with inhibition of mTOR signalling leading to alterations in erythropoiesis. To determine if mTOR inhibition would improve anaemia in sickle cell disease (SCD), mice with SCD were treated with the dual mTORC1/2 inhibitor, INK128. One week after daily oral drug treatment, erythrocyte count, haemoglobin, and haematocrit were all significantly increased while reticulocyte counts were reduced. These parameters remained stable during 3 weeks of treatment. Similar effects were observed following oral treatment with the mTORC1 inhibitor, sirolimus. Sirolimus treatment prolonged the lifespan of sickle cell erythrocytes in circulation, reduced spleen size, and reduced renal and hepatic iron accumulation in SCD mice. Following middle cerebral artery occlusion, stroke size was reduced in SCD mice treated with sirolimus. In conclusion, mTOR inhibition is protective against anaemia and organ damage in a murine model of SCD.
Awawanenitakik: The spatial politics of recognition and relational geographies of Indigenous self‐determination
Authors: Daigle Michelle 
Published: March 2016

Key Messages

The spatial politics of recognition constrains Indigenous self‐determination to colonial territorial boundaries as opposed to Indigenous relationships with and responsibilities to their kinship networks, including their kin the land.
Indigenous ontologies and the everyday practices in which they are learned and transmitted, cultivate an alternative politics for Indigenous self‐determination.
Further dialogue is needed in geography on the ways Indigenous peoples think about and live self‐determination outside and/or alongside formal state and intergovernmental institutions.
Predicting the Onset of Alcohol Use and the Development of Alcohol Use Disorder Among Indigenous Adolescents
Authors: Armenta Brian E. , Sittner Kelley J. , Whitbeck Les B. 
Published: March 2016

Empirical efforts to identify the predictors of drinking behavior among North American Indigenous adolescents are relatively limited. Using longitudinal data, this study considers perceived discrimination, positive drinker prototypes, and peer drinking behavior as risk factors for the onset of alcohol use and development of an alcohol use disorder among 674 Indigenous adolescents as they progressed from early to late adolescence (M age at baseline = 11.11, SD = 0.83). Results showed that positive drinker prototypes and associations with peers who drink increased the risk for the onset of drinking, while perceived discrimination and associations with peers who drink increased the risk for the development of an alcohol use disorder. The theoretical and practical implications of our results are discussed.
Children's Family Drawings as Expressions of Attachment Representations Across Cultures: Possibilities and Limitations
Authors: Gernhardt Ariane , Keller Heidi , Rübeling Hartmut 
Published: March 2016

The present study explored the cross‐cultural appropriateness of children's family drawings as a measure for attachment quality. The sample consisted of 63 children aged 6 years from two diverse ecosocial contexts: middle‐class families from Berlin, Germany (n = 32) and rural farming families from small villages around Kumbo, Cameroon (n = 31). The analysis of drawings with two classical attachment procedures, the Checklist of Drawing Signs (Kaplan & Main, 1986) and the Global Rating Scales (Fury, 1996), revealed substantial cultural differences. The results thus substantiated children's drawings as important cultural documents. Implications of the findings, however, are discussed in consideration of culture‐specific conceptions of attachment relationships as indicated by cultural variations in mother's socialization goals.
Rivastigmine Patch in Chinese Patients with Probable Alzheimer's disease: A 24‐week, Randomized, Double‐Blind Parallel‐Group Study Comparing Rivastigmine Patch (9.5 mg/24 h) with Capsule (6 mg Twice Daily)
Authors: Zhang Zhen‐Xin , Hong Zhen , Wang Yan‐Ping , He Li , Wang Ning , Zhao Zhong‐Xin , Zhao Gang , Shang Lan , Weisskopf Marianne , Callegari Francesca , Strohmaier Christine 
Published: March 2016

SummaryAimsTo compare the once‐daily rivastigmine patch 9.5 mg/24 h (10 cm2) versus twice‐daily capsule (12 mg/day) in Chinese patients with probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (mini‐mental state examination [MMSE] scores of 10–20).MethodsThe primary objective was to demonstrate the noninferiority of patch to capsule in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale‐Cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog) change from baseline to 24 week. Secondary endpoints included cognition (MMSE), overall clinical response (Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study‐Clinical Global Impression of Change [ADCS‐CGIC]), activities of daily living (Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study‐Activities of Daily Living [ADCS‐ADL]), behavior (Neuropsychiatric Inventory [NPI‐12]), and safety.ResultsSimilar cognitive improvement was observed in both patch (n = 248) and capsule (n = 253) groups. Statistical noninferiority for ADAS‐Cog was not established (least‐square means difference, 0.1; 95% confidence interval, −1.2; 1.5). Considering all efficacy parameters into account, both treatments showed similar performance at Week 24. Treatment‐related adverse events (AEs) were lower for patch (39.7%) compared with capsule (49.8%). Application site pruritus was reported in 10.9% of patients receiving patch; most cases were mild. Gastrointestinal AEs including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea occurred less frequently in the patch group (15.8% vs. 28.7%).ConclusionRivastigmine patch 9.5 mg/24 h is effective and well tolerated in Chinese patients with probable AD.
Addressing mental health through sport: a review of sporting organizations' websites
Authors: Liddle Sarah K. , Deane Frank P. , Vella Stewart A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAimMental health is a major concern among adolescents. Most mental illnesses have their onset during this period, and around 14% of all young people aged 12 to 17 years experience a mental illness in a 12‐month period. However, only 65% of these adolescents access health services to address their mental health problems. Approximately 70% of all Australian adolescents participate in sport, and this presents an opportunity for mental health promotion.MethodsThis paper reviewed current approaches by sporting organizations to mental health promotion, prevention and early intervention by searching peak body websites, as well as the wider Internet.ResultsFindings revealed many of the sport organizations reviewed acknowledged the importance of mental components of their sport to increase competitiveness, but few explicitly noted mental health problems or the potential of their sport to promote good mental health. Although some had participated in mental health promotion campaigns, there was no evaluation or reference to the evidence base for these campaigns.ConclusionsWe describe a framework for integrating mental health promotion into sports organizations based on the MindMatters programme for schools.
A Kv7.2 mutation associated with early onset epileptic encephalopathy with suppression‐burst enhances Kv7/M channel activity
Authors: Devaux Jérôme , Abidi Affef , Roubertie Agathe , Molinari Florence , Becq Hélène , Lacoste Caroline , Villard Laurent , Milh Mathieu , Aniksztejn Laurent 
Published: March 2016

SummaryMutations in the KCNQ2 gene encoding the voltage‐gated potassium channel subunit Kv7.2 cause early onset epileptic encephalopathy (EOEE). Most mutations have been shown to induce a loss of function or to affect the subcellular distribution of Kv7 channels in neurons. Herein, we investigated functional consequences and subcellular distribution of the p.V175L mutation of Kv7.2 (Kv7.2V175L) found in a patient presenting EOEE. We observed that the mutation produced a 25–40 mV hyperpolarizing shift of the conductance–voltage relationship of both the homomeric Kv7.2V175L and heteromeric Kv7.2V175L/Kv7.3 channels compared to wild‐type channels and a 10 mV hyperpolarizing shift of Kv7.2V175L/Kv7.2/Kv7.3 channels in a 1:1:2 ratio mimicking the patient situation. Mutant channels also displayed faster activation kinetics and an increased current density that was prevented by 1 μm linopirdine. The p.V175L mutation did not affect the protein expression of Kv7 channels and its localization at the axon initial segment. We conclude that p.V175L is a gain of function mutation. This confirms previous observations showing that mutations having opposite consequences on M channels can produce EOEE. These findings alert us that drugs aiming to increase Kv7 channel activity might have adverse effects in EOEE in the case of gain‐of‐function variants.
Longitudinal stability of interictal spikes in benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Tenney Jeffrey R. , Glauser Tracy , Altaye Mekibib , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Spencer Caroline , Morita Diego , Vannest Jennifer 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveTo describe the natural history of electroencephalography (EEG) changes in patients with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) over 1 year.MethodsCentrotemporal spikes were visually evaluated based on 24‐h ambulatory EEG studies to determine the total, left, right, and bilateral centrotemporal spikes patients were awake and asleep. These spike rates were then used to compare the entire night of sleep to the first 2 h of sleep, the repeatability of spike frequency over two recordings (done within days to weeks), and longitudinal changes in spike rate over 6 and 12 months.ResultsNineteen children with newly diagnosed and untreated BECTS were included in this analysis. An excellent correlation was found between the centrotemporal spike rate during the entire duration of sleep and the first 2 h of sleep (intraclass correlation [ICC] 0.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–0.95). In addition, an excellent correlation was found between two recordings completed an average of 23 days apart while patients were asleep (ICC 0.92, 95% CI 0.80–0.97) and good correlation while patients were awake (ICC 0.70, 95% CI 0.39–0.87). The average change in spike rate between recordings at baseline and at 6 months was a decrease of 64.7% (range −100% to +51.5%, p = 0.01) and the average change in rate between recordings at baseline and at 12 months was a decrease of 57.7% (range −100% to +29.1%, p = 0.01). In addition, within 6 months, most children had decreased centrotemporal rates, with 30% of children being spike‐free. This absence of spikes did not continue in all children, since the majority (60%) had some spikes at 1 year following diagnosis.SignificanceCentrotemporal spike rates during sleep are stable when compared over days to weeks; however, when comparing spike rates over months there is a larger degree of variability.
Strangles and its complications
Authors: Boyle A. G. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryStrangles, caused by the Gram‐positive bacteriaStreptococcus equisubspeciesequi(S. equi), is a highly contagious upper respiratory infection in horses. The infection is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with mucopurulent discharge from an infected animal, resulting in fever, depression, and submandibular and retropharyngeal lymph node enlargement that can lead to respiratory distress. Complications include secondary cellulitis at external abscessation sites, guttural pouch empyema and its persistence into the carrier state, purpura haemorrhagica, metastatic abscessation, emergency tracheostomies and rarely secondaryS. equipneumonia or myositis. Control of outbreaks requires strict isolation protocols and hygiene measures. Detection methods of the index case and carrier state are constantly being refined to assist in the identification and prevention of disease perpetuation.
Benthic algae compensate for phytoplankton losses in large aquatic ecosystems
Authors: Brothers Soren , Vadeboncoeur Yvonne , Sibley Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAnthropogenic activities can induce major trophic shifts in aquatic systems, yet we have an incomplete understanding of the implication of such shifts on ecosystem function and on primary production (PP) in particular. In recent decades, phytoplankton biomass and production in the Laurentian Great Lakes have declined in response to reduced nutrient concentrations and invasive mussels. However, the increases in water clarity associated with declines in phytoplankton may have positive effects on benthic PP at the ecosystem scale. Have these lakes experienced oligotrophication (a reduction of algal production), or simply a shift in autotrophic structure with no net decline in PP? Benthic contributions to ecosystem PP are rarely measured in large aquatic systems, but our calculations based on productivity rates from the Great Lakes indicate that a significant proportion (up to one half, in Lake Huron) of their whole‐lake production may be benthic. The large declines (5–45%) in phytoplankton production in the Great Lakes from the 1970s to 2000s may be substantially compensated by benthic PP, which increased by up to 190%. Thus, the autotrophic productive capacity of large aquatic ecosystems may be relatively resilient to shifts in trophic status, due to a redirection of production to the near‐shore benthic zone, and large lakes may exhibit shifts in autotrophic structure analogous to the regime shifts seen in shallow lakes.
SPF and UVA‐PF sunscreen evaluation: are there good correlations among results obtained in vivo, in vitro and in a theoretical Sunscreen Simulator? A real‐life exercise
Authors: Santos Caetano J. P. , Abarca A. P. , Guerato M. , Guerra L. , Schalka S. , Perez Simão D. C. , Vila R. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveStrategies to optimize the development of sunscreens include the use of theoretical sunscreen simulators to predict sun protection factor (SPF) and UVA protection factor (UVA‐PF) and in vitro measurements of UVA‐PF. The aims of this study were to assess the correlations between (1) SPF and UVA‐PF results obtained in a theoretical sunscreen simulator with those observed in vivo (SPF and UVA‐PF) and in vitro (UVA‐PF) and (2) the results of UVA‐PF observed in vitro and in vivo for products in different galenic forms containing or not pigments.MethodsBASF Sunscreen Simulator software was used to evaluate the theoretical performance of formulations regarding SPF and UVA protection. In vitroUVA‐PF and in vivoSPF were determined for all formulations. UVA‐PFin vivo measurements were carried out only on products for which the galenic forms (compact foundations and lip balms) or the presence of dye or pigments could make the results of UVA‐PFin vitro less reliable (due to a possible uneven film formation).ResultsThe results of the SPF calculated by the BASF Sunscreen Simulator presented a very good correlation with SPF observed in vivo in the absence of pigments (r = 0.91; P < 0.05) and a good correlation in the presence of pigments (r = 0.70; P < 0.05). The UVA‐PF calculated by the BASF Sunscreen Simulator also exhibited a very good correlation with UVA‐PF measured in vitro (r = 0.88; P < 0.05) for the formulations not containing pigment and a good correlation (r = 0.75; P < 0.05) for the formulations containing pigment. The correlation of same UVA‐PF calculated by BASF Sunscreen Simulator with UVA‐PF measured in vivo for the formulations containing pigment was r = 0.74 (P < 0.05), which is considered good. In addition, the measurements of UVA‐PFin vivo presented a good correlation with the values obtained in vitro (r = 0.74; P < 0.05).ConclusionIn the present study, the use of BASF Sunscreen Simulator and in vitroUVA tests showed good correlations with in vivo results and could be considered as valuable resources in the development of sunscreens.
Cooking and texture properties of gluten‐free fettuccine processed from defatted flaxseed flour and rice flour
Authors: de Moura Camila M. A. , Soares Júnior Manoel S. , Fiorda Fernanda A. , Caliari Márcio , Vera Rosângela , Grossmann Maria V. E. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryNonconventional raw materials have been applied in gluten‐free pasta, to meet the demand of people with coeliac disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cooking properties and texture of pasta formulated with rice flour, defatted flaxseed flour and pregelatinised mixed flour of rice and flaxseed (80:20). For this experiment, simplex design was used. Cooking properties and texture were found within the quality limits established for this type of product. The pasta with the most desirable properties (short optimum cooking time (OCT), less solid loss (SL) and intermediate mass increase (MI)) was that one formulated with 43 g 100 g−1 of pregelatinised flour, 47 g 100 g−1 of rice flour and 10 g 100 g−1 of defatted flaxseed flour. This formulation can be characterised as a food rich in dietary fibre and of high nutritional value.
Clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)‐mediated mutagenesis and phenotype rescue by piggyBac transgenesis in a nonmodel Drosophila species
Authors: Tanaka R. , Murakami H. , Ote M. , Yamamoto D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractHow behavioural diversity emerged in evolution is an unexplored subject in biology. To tackle this problem, genes and circuits for a behaviour need to be determined in different species for phylogenetic comparisons. The recently developed clustered regulatory interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated protein9 (CRISPR/Cas9) system made such a challenge possible by providing the means to induce mutations in a gene of interest in any organism. Aiming at elucidating diversification in genetic and neural networks for courtship behaviour, we attempted to generate a genetic tool kit in Drosophila subobscura, a nonmodel species distantly related to the genetic model Drosophila melanogaster. Here we report the generation of yellow (y) and white mutations with the aid of the CRISPR/Cas9 system, and the rescue of the y mutant phenotype by germline transformation of the newly established y mutant fly line with a y+‐marked piggyBac vector. This successful mutagenesis and transformation in D. subobscura open up an avenue for comprehensive genetic analyses of higher functions in this and other nonmodel Drosophila species, representing a key step toward systematic comparisons of genes and circuitries underlying behaviour amongst species.