bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High risk of post‐infectious irritable bowel syndrome in patients with Clostridium difficile infection
Authors: Wadhwa A. , Al Nahhas M. F. , Dierkhising R. A. , Patel R. , Kashyap P. , Pardi D. S. , Khanna S. , Grover M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundInfectious enteritis is a commonly identified risk factor for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The incidence of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is on the rise. However, there is limited information on post‐infectious IBS (PI‐IBS) development following CDI and the host‐ and infection‐related risk factors are not known.AimTo determine the incidence and risk factors for PI‐IBS following CDI.MethodsA total of 684 cases of CDI identified from September 2012 to November 2013 were surveyed. Participants completed the Rome III IBS questionnaire and details on the CDI episode. Predictive modelling was done using logistic regression to evaluate risk factors for PI‐IBS development.ResultsA total of 315 CDI cases responded (46% response rate) and 205 were at‐risk (no pre‐CDI IBS) for PI‐IBS development. A total of 52/205 (25%) met the Rome III criteria for IBS ≥6 months following CDI. IBS‐mixed was most common followed by IBS‐diarrhoea. In comparison to those without subsequent PI‐IBS, greater percentage of PI‐IBS patients had CDI symptoms >7 days, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain during CDI, anxiety and a higher BMI. Using logistic regression, CDI symptoms >7 days [Odds ratio (OR): 2.96, P = 0.01], current anxiety (OR: 1.33, P < 0.0001) and a higher BMI (OR: 1.08, P = 0.004) were independently associated with PI‐IBS development; blood in the stool during CDI was protective (OR: 0.44, P = 0.06).ConclusionsIn this cohort study, new‐onset IBS is common after CDI. Longer CDI duration, current anxiety and higher BMI are associated with the diagnosis of C. difficile PI‐IBS. This chronic sequela should be considered during active management and follow‐up of patients with CDI.
Systematic review: periprocedural hydration in the prevention of post‐ERCP pancreatitis
Authors: Smeets X. J. N. M. , da Costa D. W. , Besselink M. G. , Bruno M. J. , Fockens P. , Mulder C. J. J. , van der Hulst R. W. , Vleggaar F. P. , Timmer R. , Drenth J. P. H. , van Geenen E. J. M. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryBackgroundWith an overall incidence of 3.5%, pancreatitis is the most frequent complication of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Periprocedural hydration may prevent post‐ERCP pancreatitis by maintaining pancreatic microperfusion, thereby inhibiting the pancreatic inflammatory response. However, the evidence for periprocedural hydration as a preventive measure is unclear.AimTo conduct a systematic review to assess the evidence regarding periprocedural hydration as a preventive measure for post‐ERCP pancreatitis.MethodsWe searched PubMed and EMBASE databases and adhered to the PRISMA guidelines. We included studies addressing periprocedural hydration as a preventive measure to reduce frequency and severity of post‐ERCP pancreatitis. Study quality was assessed by using the MINORS and Cochrane Collaboration's tool.ResultsSix studies with a total of 1102 patients were included. Two randomised controlled trials reported a decreased incidence of post‐ERCP pancreatitis after hydration: 0% vs. 17% (P = 0.016) and 5.3% vs. 22.7% (P = 0.002). A third trial and two case–controls studies did not report significant differences. Two retrospective studies found that patients with mild post‐ERCP pancreatitis had received significantly more fluids during (mean 940 mL vs. 810 mL; P = 0.031) or after ERCP (median 2834 mL vs. 2044 mL; P < 0.02) compared to patients with moderate/severe disease. Adverse events of periprocedural hydration were not reported in any of the included studies. The different methodologies of the included studies precluded a formal data synthesis.ConclusionsThere is some evidence to suggest that hydration affords protection against post‐ERCP pancreatitis, but study heterogeneity precludes firm conclusions. Adequately powered randomised trials are needed to evaluate the preventive effect of periprocedural hydration.
Population pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin and doxorubicinol in patients diagnosed with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma
Authors: Pérez‐Blanco Jonás Samuel , Santos‐Buelga Dolores , Fernández de Gatta María del Mar , Hernández‐Rivas Jesús María , Martín Alejandro , García María José 
Published: July 2016

AimsThe aims of the study were: (i) to characterize the pharmacokinetics (PK) of doxorubicin (DOX) and doxorubicinol (DOXol) in patients diagnosed with non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) using a population approach; (ii) to evaluate the influence of various covariates on the PK of DOX; and (iii) to evaluate the role of DOX and DOXol exposure in haematological toxicity.MethodsPopulation PK modelling (using NONMEM) was performed using DOX and DOXol plasma concentration–time data from 45 NHL patients treated with R‐CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone). The influence of drug exposure on haematological toxicity was analysed using the Mann–Whitney‐Wilcoxon test.ResultsA five‐compartment model, three for DOX and two for DOXol, with first‐order distribution and elimination for both entities best described the data. Population estimates for parent drug (CL) and metabolite (CLm) clearance were 62 l h−1 and 27 l h−1, respectively. The fraction metabolized to DOXol (Fm) was estimated at 0.22. While bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase showed an influence on the CL and CLm, the objective function value decrease was not statistically significant. A trend towards an association between the total area under the concentration–time curve (AUCtotal), the area under the concentration–time curve for DOX (AUC) plus the area under the concentration–time curve for DOXol (AUCm), and the neutropenia grade (P = 0.068) and the neutrophil counts (P = 0.089) was observed, according to an exponential relationship.ConclusionsThe PK of DOX and DOXol were well characterized by the model developed, which could be used as a helpful tool to optimize the dosage of this drug. The results suggest that the main active metabolite of DOX, DOXol, is involved in the haematological toxicity of the parent drug.
Effect of stress hyperglycemia and intensive rehabilitation therapy in non‐diabetic hemorrhagic stroke: Korean Stroke Cohort for Functioning and Rehabilitation
Authors: Yoon J. A. , Kim D. Y. , Sohn M. K. , Lee J. , Lee S.‐G. , Lee Y.‐S. , Han E. Y. , Joo M. C. , Oh G.‐J. , Han J. , Lee S. W. , Park M. , Chang W. H. , Shin Y.‐I. , Kim Y.‐H. 
Published: July 2016

Background and purposeWe investigated the effect of stress hyperglycemia on the functional outcomes of non‐diabetic hemorrhagic stroke. In addition, we investigated the usefulness of intensive rehabilitation for improving functional outcomes in patients with stress hyperglycemia.MethodsNon‐diabetic hemorrhagic stroke patients were recruited and divided into two groups: intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (n = 165) and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (n = 156). Each group was divided into non‐diabetics with or without stress hyperglycemia. Functional assessments were performed at 7 days and 3, 6 and 12 months after stroke onset. The non‐diabetic with stress hyperglycemia groups were again divided into two groups who either received or did not receive intensive rehabilitation treatment. Serial functional outcome was compared between groups.ResultsFor the ICH group, patients with stress hyperglycemia had worse modified Rankin Scale, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, Functional Ambulatory Category and Korean Mini‐Mental State Examination scores than patients without stress hyperglycemia. For the SAH group, patients with stress hyperglycemia had worse scores on all functional assessments than patients without stress hyperglycemia at all time‐points. After intensive rehabilitation treatment of patients with stress hyperglycemia, the ICH group had better scores on Functional Ambulatory Category and the SAH group had better scores on all functional assessments than patients without intensive rehabilitation treatment.ConclusionsStress hyperglycemia affects the long‐term prognosis of non‐diabetic hemorrhagic stroke patients. Among stress hyperglycemia patients, intensive rehabilitation can enhance functional improvement after stroke.
A placebo‐controlled trial of ‘one‐minute qigong exercise' on the reduction of blood pressure among patients with essential hypertension
Authors: Chen Xinwee , Arifin Wan N , Draman Nani , Wan‐Arfah Nadiah , Ajalal Muhammad I , Chen Han H , Naing Nyi N 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundHypertension, defined as the persistent elevation of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), and can lead to cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal morbidity and mortality if untreated. In Malaysia, primary hypertension among adults is relatively high and a large proportion of cases remains undiagnosed. Qigong is a traditional Chinese exercise that has been shown to have positive health effects.ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a 5‐day ‘one‐minute qigong exercise’ programme on the reduction of blood pressure among patients with primary hypertension.MethodsAn open‐label, parallel‐group, controlled trial was conducted among participants with essential hypertension who were staff of Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). The participants were assigned to either the ‘one‐minute qigong exercise’ programme or control, and underwent respective sessions for 5 consecutive days. The outcomes – SBP and DBP – were measured by standardised assessors using manual mercury sphygmomanometers. Repeated measures ANCOVA was performed to compare groups over time.ResultsAt the end of the study, 21 (56.8%) and 25 (92.6%) participants remained in the qigong and control groups, respectively. Overall, there was no significant within‐ or between‐group effect for mean SBP, while there was a marginally significant difference in mean DBP at the DBP×Group interaction level (P=0.049). Mean DBP on day 2 was statistically significantly different between groups (P=0.041).ConclusionOur study showed that the ‘one‐minute qigong exercise’ programme, carried out over a period of 5 consecutive days, offers no additional benefit to control in reducing blood pressure in persons with primary hypertension.
Persistent cutaneous ulcers after Yttrium‐90 synovectomy, an unusual complication: two case reports and a review of the literature
Authors: García‐Colmenero Lidia , Martin‐Ezquerra Gemma , Monfort Jordi , Pujol Ramon M 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDevelopment of persistent deep cutaneous ulceration is a rare and serious complication of radiosynovectomy, an extended procedure used in the treatment of chronic synovitis.Cutaneous radiation necrosis is a rare complication of synovectomy, probably as a result of radiocolloid para‐articular injection. This rare phenomenon should be suspected when an ulcer adjacent to an articulation appears several days or even months after a radiation synovectomy. It can turn into a challenging diagnosis for rheumatologists, orthopaedists and dermatologists, especially in those cases with a late development of the skin lesions. Recognition of this potential side effect is important in order to establish a proper therapeutic strategy and avoid unnecessary treatments. Surgical excision appears to be the treatment of choice. We report two patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with intra‐articular injection of Yttrium‐90 who developed persistent cutaneous ulcers secondary to radiation necrosis.
Intra‐ and interday repeatability of peripheral arterial function: suitability and potential limitations
Authors: Del Bo’ Cristian , Deon Valeria , Porrini Marisa , Campolo Jonica , Parolini Marina , Riso Patrizia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the inter‐and intraday repeatability of RHI measured by Endo‐PAT in healthy volunteers.MethodsInterday RHI repeatability was tested in two consecutive days in a group of 31 male subjects. Intraday repeatability was investigated at baseline and after 2 and 4 hour in a group of 16 volunteers. Data were evaluated by analysis of variance. Bland‐Altman plot, CV, CR, and ICC were measured.ResultsWhile interday RHI repeatability was found to be reliable (CV: 6.0%; CR: 0.51; ICC: 0.77), multiple evaluations within the same day significantly (P<.001) affected RHI (repeatability of the measurement ‐CV: 18.8%; CR: 1.26; ICC: 0.48). In particular, a significant increase in RHI occurred at 4 hour compared to 2 hour (+16.8%; P<.05) and to baseline (+30.1%; P<.05).ConclusionsRHI showed good interday but poor intraday repeatability. Multiple evaluations increased RHI especially in subjects with endothelial dysfunction who improved or reversed their impairment. These results show the potential limitations of multiple Endo‐PAT measurements within the same day and the importance of standardizing the protocols before RHI evaluations.
The small membrane protein MgrB regulates PhoQ bifunctionality to control PhoP target gene expression dynamics
Authors: Salazar Michael E. , Podgornaia Anna I. , Laub Michael T. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryIn Escherichia coli and other γ‐proteobacteria, the PhoQ‐PhoP two‐component signaling system responds to low extracellular Mg++ and cationic antimicrobial peptides. On transition to inducing conditions, the expression of PhoP‐dependent genes increases rapidly, but then decays to a new, intermediate steady‐state level, a phenomenon often referred to as partial adaptation. The molecular basis for this partial adaptation has been unclear. Here, using time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy to examine PhoP‐dependent gene expression in individual E. coli cells we show that partial adaptation arises through a negative feedback loop involving the small protein MgrB. When E. coli cells are shifted to low Mg++, PhoQ engages in multiple rounds of autophosphorylation and phosphotransfer to PhoP, which, in turn, drives the expression of mgrB. MgrB then feeds back to inhibit the kinase activity of PhoQ. PhoQ is bifunctional such that, when not active as a kinase, it can stimulate the dephosphorylation of PhoP. Thus, MgrB drives the inactivation of PhoP and the observed adaptation in PhoP‐dependent gene expression. Our results clarify the source of feedback inhibition in the E. coli PhoQ‐PhoP system and reveal how exogenous factors, such as MgrB, can combine with a canonical two‐component signaling pathway to produce complex temporal dynamics in target gene expression.
Making it through the first year: Ontogeny of movement and diving behavior in harbor seals from Svalbard, Norway
Authors: Blanchet Marie‐Anne , Lydersen Christian , Ims Rolf A. , Kovacs Kit M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractPhocid seal pups must learn successful survival strategies, largely independently, following their abrupt weaning at a relatively young age. To explore the ontogeny of aquatic skills, space use and first‐year habitat choices made by harbor seals, pups (n = 30) were instrumented with satellite relay data loggers (SRDLs) in Svalbard, Norway in 2009 and 2010. Initially, the pups had small home ranges and showed rapid changes in their activity budgets and diving capabilities, displaying steep linear increases in diving depth and duration and in the amount of time spent diving. Most pups underwent an abrupt shift in movement patterns at ca. 50 d of age, which likely marked the end of the postweaning fast. Around this same time, the steep progression in diving performance slowed, though longer, deeper dives gradually became the norm. However, bottom time, ascent and descent rates, and postdive recovery times remained stable after the postweaning fast, suggesting that most aquatic skill acquisition was completed during the first months of life. Few clear effects of environmental variables such as upwelling phenomenon, which are known to influence the diving behavior of adults from the same population, were detected in the diving patterns of pups.
Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with an I104F mutation in the SOD1 gene: Multisystem degeneration with neurofilamentous aggregates and SOD1 inclusions
Authors: Jiang Haishan , Shimizu Hiroshi , Shiga Atsushi , Tanaka Masami , Onodera Osamu , Kakita Akiyoshi , Takahashi Hitoshi 
Published: July 2016

We previously reported familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) of 11 years duration in a 57‐year‐old woman, who received artificial ventilation for 5 years prior to death and exhibited widespread multisystem degeneration and neurofilamentous aggregates, so‐called conglomerate inclusions (CIs). In the present study, we re‐evaluated this autopsied patient (proband) with further immunohistochemical observation as well as mutational analysis of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene. A review of the clinical features of the proband's family revealed five affected members (including the proband) over two successive generations who showed marked variability in clinical presentation, such as the age at onset. The proband was found to harbor a heterozygous missense mutation in exon 4 (I104F) of the SOD1 gene. In the brain and spinal cord, SOD1‐positive neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCIs) were found to be more widely distributed than CIs, the latter being weakly positive for SOD1. No Lewy body‐like hyaline inclusions were found. This is considered to be the first description of an autopsy case of FALS with an I104F SOD1 gene mutation, suggesting that combination of marked intra‐familial clinical variability and multisystem degeneration with occurrence of CIs and SOD1‐positive NCIs is a characteristic feature of FALS with this SOD1 gene mutation.
Phytoplankton, physical and chemical microscale variations in three brackish rock pools
Authors: Häggqvist Kerstin , Lindholm Tore 
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYVariations at the microscale in phytoplankton distribution with respect to physical and chemical variables in three brackish rock pools of different depth, size and exposure were studied during the growth season. Three hypotheses were made about the microspatial characteristics of the rock pool habitat: (i) there are distinct microscale variations in physical and chemical variables, (ii) the microscale distribution of phytoplankton is related to characteristic physical and/or chemical variables, and (iii) microscale variations are more pronounced in deep rock pools. Variations were studied at a 10 cm scale by close interval siphon sampling. Physical and chemical variations were small irrespective of rock pool. Prevailing weather, as well as the similar round basin shape of the pools contributed to the similarities. Variations in phytoplankton microscale distributions were clear and consistent throughout the study period, and less variable in the deepest pool compared to the shallower ones. The distribution of dominant phytoplankton species correlated with microscale variations in temperature, dissolved oxygen and pH, often during seasonal minima or maxima. The microscale correlations implied that short reaction times of phytoplankton enabled them to exploit, or be influenced by, brief, local variations. The results demonstrated the importance of studies at fine scales to disentangle processes even in shallow weather‐influenced ecosystems.
Religion and the Radical Right in American Public Life
Authors: Weinberg Leonard B. , Assoudeh Eliot 
Published: July 2016

AbstractReligious movements and religious ideas have played important roles in the United States almost since the formation of the American republic. From those who sought to abolish slavery in the 19th century to the civil rights and anti‐war movements of the 20th, Christian clergy and laymen claimed religious inspiration for their involvements. There is another side to this story, however. In addition to championing these progressive causes, Christian, largely Protestant, religious ideas have also been central to the various radical right‐wing movements that have surfaced over the course of American history. Or, as the journalist H. L. Mencken once put it in connection with the 1928 presidential election campaign: ‘the Ku Klux Klan is really the secular wing of the Methodist church in the South!’ Xenophobic, Anti‐Catholic, anti‐Semitic, and especially anti‐communist, far‐right organisations in the USA have employed religious sentiments to justify their campaigns against important social changes in public life. We propose to tell their story.
Hans Frei: teología y método
Authors: Martínez Morales Dario 
Published: July 2016

<p>A continuación se abordan temas centrales de la teología elaborada por Hans Frei, autor poco conocido en el contexto regional latinoamericano. La presentación se encuentra delimitada a su pensamiento tardío, y muestra su concepción tanto de teología como de método teológico. También busca destacar la transformación de la reflexión de Frei, que vincula progresivamente un creciente interés por aspectos vitales y contextuales de las comunidades creyentes.</p>
Quando imagens passam a ser consideradas ídolos
Authors: Dietrich Luiz José , Triana Rodríguez Jorge Yecid 
Published: July 2016

<p>Os autores refletem sobre o uso de imagens na história da religião do antigo Israel. De um contexto em que as imagens eram abundantes y seu uso aceito e normal, chegase à proibição total de imagens. Buscando as raízes da luta contra as imagens, apresentam um conceito de idolatria não tanto relacionado às imagens em si, mais como um grito no combate às injustiças, violências e desigualdades sociais.</p>
Draft Genome Sequence of
Nocardia jinanensis
, an Opportunistic Bacterial Pathogen That Causes Cellulitis
Authors: Chakrabortti Alolika , Li Jinming , Liang Zhao-Xun 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

The draft genome sequence of
Nocardia jinanensis
, an opportunistic pathogen that can cause skin infections, reveals genes that may contribute to the lifestyle and pathogenicity of
N. jinanensis
. The genome also reveals the biosynthetic capacity of
N. jinanensis
in producing mycolic acids, siderophores, and other polyketide and nonribosomal peptide-derived secondary metabolites.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Exiguobacterium
sp. KKBO11, Isolated Downstream of a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Houston, Texas
Authors: Iyer Rupa , Damania Ashish 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

Exiguobacterium
sp. KKBO11, isolated near a wastewater treatment plant in Houston, Texas, USA, possesses a large number of genes involved in stress response and transport critical to survival in adverse environmental conditions. An unusually high copy number of RNA genes also possibly contributes to this microorganism's versatility by promoting nutrient uptake.
Draft Genome Sequences of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
Serovars Typhimurium and Nottingham Isolated from Food Products
Authors: Wang Hua , Zheng Jie , Ayers Sherry , Melka David C. , Curry Phillip E. , Payne Justin S. , Laasri Anna , Wang Charles , Hammack Thomas S. , Brown Eric W. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) designed to detect
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Enteritidis, targeting the
sdf
gene, generated positive results for
S. enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Typhimurium (CFSAN033950) and
S. enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Nottingham (CFSAN006803) isolated from food samples. Both strains show pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns distinct from those of
S
. Enteritidis. Here, we report the genome sequences of these two strains.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Moraxella osloensis
Strain KMC41, a Producer of 4-Methyl-3-Hexenoic Acid, a Major Malodor Compound in Laundry
Authors: Goto Takatsugu , Hirakawa Hideki , Morita Yuji , Tomida Junko , Sato Jun , Matsumura Yuta , Mitani Asako , Niwano Yu , Takeuchi Kohei , Kubota Hiromi , Kawamura Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT

We report the complete genome sequence of
Moraxella osloensis
strain KMC41, isolated from laundry with malodor. The KMC41 genome comprises a 2,445,556-bp chromosome and three plasmids. A fatty acid desaturase and at least four β-oxidation-related genes putatively associated with 4-methyl-3-hexenoic acid generation were detected in the KMC41 chromosome.