bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aktuální stav poznání o pohybové aktivitě rozhodčích futsalu
Authors: Kresta Jan 
Published: January 2018

This review study is aimed to the empirical results maps current knowledge about physical activity futsal referees in the match. Results: referee movement is intermittent character; distance, which exceeds the referee in the match locomotion is in the range of 4.5 to 5.9km; locomotion dominating physical activity is a forward locomotion (about 45 % of the time the game); referee changes the kind of locomotion on average every 3.5 seconds; the total number of acyclic physical activities amounts to an average of 5 for 1 min game time; average heart rate referees in the game is in the range of 75–81 % of their maximum heart rate; disproportion is in determining the dominant intensity level in which the referees spend most of their time during the match; blood lactate values after the match were 1.5–1.8 mmol.l–1.
Modifikace herních aktivit mezi zdravotně handicapovanými
Authors: Křiček Jan 
Published: January 2018

Gaming activities are a popular zone, with wide application range. Those activities also occupy a significant position among the physical activity of disabilities. Application game activities demands in this special zone, a link to the health defect of the people, a range of didactic adaptations and modifications, especially of rules. Modification is monitored by utilization the full potential of games and their availability influence the attitudes of these people for active sport and the creation of a positive climate, assumptions as contributing to the quality of their lives.
Síla pletence ramenního a flexorů prstů v predikci lezeckého výkonu žen
Authors: Kodejška Jan , Baláš Jiří 
Published: January 2018

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate relationships between the rock climbing performance and the strength of finger flexors and shoulder girdle muscles in female rock climbers. Methods. Twenty one female climbers completed six specific climbing tests focused on finger flexor and shoulder girdle muscles strength: finger hang, maximal strength in open crimp, bent arm hang on one arm, bent arm hang on two arms, diagonal reach, power slap. Relationship to the climbing performance RP (Red point) was assessed by a coefficient of determination. Linear regression analysis was used to determine the relative contribution of tests’ strength in the model. Results. Diagonal reach (R2 = 0.76), power slap (0.74) and finger hang (0.72) explained the greatest part of climber’s performance variability. The test diagonal reach showed high consistency (intra-class correlation coefficient, left 0.98; right 0.97). The greatest relative strength in the regression linear model had power slap. Conclusion. This study introduced a new specific climbing test diagonal reach. It was found that this test has a high reliability and criterion validity and is to assess static shoulder girdle strength in rock climbers. It was shown that shoulder girdle strength is an important factor to achieve high performance in female rock climbers.
Komparácia vybraných rýchlostných schopností juniorov z hľadiska hráčskych postov v ľadovom hokeji
Authors: Paľov Rastislav 
Published: January 2018

The aim of the study was to compare the current level of the selected speed abilities of juniors hockey players between defenders and forwards (n = 20, height = 182.3 ± 4.9cm, weight = 81.5 ± 6.7 kg, age = 18.44 ± .70 years; defenders = 8, height = 184.0 ± 3.8 cm, weight = 84.2 ± 6.5 kg, age = 18.60 years ± .59; attackers = 12, height = 181.2 ± 5.4 cm, weight = 79.6 ± 6.7 kg, age = 18.33 ± .77 years) in a competitive year 2014/2015. The indicators of selected speed abilities were observed by two tests: 1. Run to 40m with changes of direction and agility 2. Test – Illinois. Statistical analysis was conducted by using the software IBM® SPSS® Statistics V19. The average value of the test run to 40m with changes of the direction of the whole file was 8.52 ± .22 s, among defenders was 8.34 ± .10 s, among forwards 8.64 ± .19 s, which is a statistically significant difference between defenders and forwards (d = 1.97; p < 0.05; r = 0.70 – large effect) in favour of the defenders. In the agility test – Illinois, the average value of the whole file was 16.58 ± .33 s. For the defenders, the average finish time indicated of the value 16.32 ± .23 s and for forwards 16.75 ± .27 s, which again is statistically significant difference in favour of the defenders (d = 1.71; p < 0.05; r = 0.65 – large effect).
A revision and one new species of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales) in Northeast India
Authors: Camfield Rebecca , Hughes Mark 
Published: January 2018

Following a taxonomic revision of Begonia L. (Begoniaceae, Cucurbitales) from Northeast India based on 332 herbarium specimens, 38 species are confirmed to occur in the region, of which ten are endemic. One new species is described, Begonia koelzii R.Camfield sp. nov., in B. sect. Platycentrum (Klotzsch) A.DC. One species is reduced into synonymy; B. barbata Wall. is now a synonym of B. thomsonii A.DC. Three species, B. difformis (Irmsch.) W.C.Leong, C.I Peng & K.F.Chung, B. labordei H.Lév. and B. handelii Irmsch., are reported new for India, and B. lushaiensis C.E.C.Fisch. is reinstated as an accepted species, having previously been synonymised under B. modestiflora Kurz. A key to the species in the region and preliminary conservation assessments are presented.
Morphology and structure ofHomo erectushumeri from Zhoukoudian, Locality 1
Authors: Xing Song , Carlson Kristian J. , Wei Pianpian , He Jianing , Liu Wu 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundRegional diversity in the morphology of theH. erectuspostcranium is not broadly documented, in part, because of the paucity of Asian sites preserving postcranial fossils. Yet, such an understanding of the initial hominin taxon to spread throughout multiple regions of the world is fundamental to documenting the adaptive responses to selective forces operating during this period of human evolution.MethodsThe current study reports the first humeral rigidity and strength properties of East AsianH. erectusand places its diaphyseal robusticity into broader regional and temporal contexts. We estimate true cross-sectional properties of Zhoukoudian Humerus II and quantify new diaphyseal properties of Humerus III using high resolution computed tomography. Comparative data for AfricanH. erectusand Eurasian Late PleistoceneH. sapienswere assembled, and new data were generated from two modern Chinese populations.ResultsDifferences between East Asian and AfricanH. erectuswere inconsistently expressed in humeral cortical thickness. In contrast, East AsianH. erectusappears to exhibit greater humeral robusticity compared to AfricanH. erectuswhen standardizing diaphyseal properties by the product of estimated body mass and humeral length. East AsianH. erectushumeri typically differed less in standardized properties from those of side-matched Late Pleistocene hominins (e.g., Neanderthals and more recent Upper Paleolithic modern humans) than did AfricanH. erectus, and often fell in the lower range of Late Pleistocene humeral rigidity or strength properties.DiscussionQuantitative comparisons indicate that regional variability in humeral midshaft robusticity may characterizeH. erectusto a greater extent than presently recognized. This may suggest a temporal difference withinH. erectus, or possibly different ecogeographical trends and/or upper limb loading patterns across the taxon. Both discovery and analysis of more adultH. erectushumeri are critical to further evaluating and potentially distinguishing between these possibilities.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy With Medial Segment Artery Mimicking Cystic Artery
Authors: Okui Norimitsu , Futagawa Yasuro , Shiba Hiroaki , Ishida Yuichi , Yanaga Katsuhiko 
Published: January 2018

Introduction
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard treatment for cholelithiasis. However, LC is associated with a slightly higher rate of complications than laparotomy. To perform a safe LC, it is important to exercise caution regarding an abnormal course for the hepatic artery, although the incidence itself is low. Here, we report a rare case of LC in which the medial segment artery mimicked cystic artery. To the best of our knowledge, such a case has not yet been reported.

Case Presentation
A 35-year-old man visited our hospital with a complaint of epigastric pain. The symptom had continued for 2 months. Ultrasound and computed tomography revealed cholelithiasis. Magnetic resonance imaging did not show any biliary abnormalities. The patient was scheduled for an elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. At the time of surgery, the gallbladder was slightly inflamed. After dissection of the Calot triangle, the cystic duct and a single large artery were identified. Although the critical view of safety was confirmed at first glance, dissection of periarterial adhesions revealed that the artery ran into the medial segment of the liver. Further dissection revealed short double cystic arteries branching from the aberrant artery. After the confirmation of the abnormal course of the arteries, the operation was performed safely without arterial injury. The patient made a satisfactory recovery and was discharged 3 days after operation.

Conclusion
The knowledge of the anatomy of the cystic artery and careful dissection are an important aspect in achieving a complication-free LC.
Coupling End‐Member Mixing Analysis and Isotope Mass Balancing (222‐Rn) for Differentiation of Fresh and Recirculated Submarine Groundwater Discharge Into Knysna Estuary, South Africa
Authors: Petermann E. , Knöller K. , Rocha C. , Scholten J. , Stollberg R. , Weiß H. , Schubert M. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractQuantification of submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is essential for evaluating the vulnerability of coastal water bodies to groundwater pollution and for understanding water body material cycles response due to potential discharge of nutrients, organic compounds, or heavy metals. Here we present an environmental tracer‐based methodology for quantifying SGD into Knysna Estuary, South Africa. Both components of SGD, (1) fresh, terrestrial (FSGD) and (2) saline, recirculated (RSGD), were differentiated. We conducted an end‐member mixing analysis for radon (222Rn) and salinity time series of estuary water over two tidal cycles to determine fractions of seawater, riverwater, FSGD, and RSGD. The mixing analysis was treated as a constrained optimization problem for finding the end‐member mixing ratio that is producing the best fit to observations at every time step. Results revealed highest FSGD and RSGD fractions in the estuary during peak low tide. Over a 24 h time series, the portions of FSGD and RSGD in the estuary water were 0.2% and 0.8% near the estuary mouth and the FSGD/RSGD ratio was 1:3.3. We determined a median FSGD of 41,000 m³ d−1 (1.4 m³ d−1 per m shoreline) and a median RSGD of 135,000 m³ d−1 (4.5 m³ d−1 per m shoreline) which suggests that SGD exceeds river discharge by a factor of 1.0–2.1. By comparison to other sources, this implies that SGD is responsible for 28–73% of total DIN fluxes into Knysna Estuary.
Extreme Low Light Requirement for Algae Growth Underneath Sea Ice: A Case Study From Station Nord, NE Greenland
Authors: Hancke Kasper , Lund‐Hansen Lars C. , Lamare Maxim L. , Højlund Pedersen Stine , King Martin D. , Andersen Per , Sorrell Brian K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMicroalgae colonizing the underside of sea ice in spring are a key component of the Arctic foodweb as they drive early primary production and transport of carbon from the atmosphere to the ocean interior. Onset of the spring bloom of ice algae is typically limited by the availability of light, and the current consensus is that a few tens‐of‐centimeters of snow is enough to prevent sufficient solar radiation to reach underneath the sea ice. We challenge this consensus, and investigated the onset and the light requirement of an ice algae spring bloom, and the importance of snow optical properties for light penetration. Colonization by ice algae began in May under >1 m of first‐year sea ice with ∼1 m thick snow cover on top, in NE Greenland. The initial growth of ice algae began at extremely low irradiance (<0.17 μmol photons m−2 s−1) and was documented as an increase in Chlorophyll a concentration, an increase in algal cell number, and a viable photosynthetic activity. Snow thickness changed little during May (from 110 to 91 cm), however the snow temperature increased steadily, as observed from automated high‐frequency temperature profiles. We propose that changes in snow optical properties, caused by temperature‐driven snow metamorphosis, was the primary driver for allowing sufficient light to penetrate through the thick snow and initiate algae growth below the sea ice. This was supported by radiative‐transfer modeling of light attenuation. Implications are an earlier productivity by ice algae in Arctic sea ice than recognized previously.
Contribution of Surface Thermal Forcing to Mixing in the Ocean
Authors: Wang Fei , Huang Shi‐Di , Xia Ke‐Qing 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA critical ingredient of the meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is vertical mixing, which causes dense waters in the deep sea to rise throughout the stratified interior to the upper ocean. Here, we report a laboratory study aimed at understanding the contributions from surface thermal forcing (STF) to this mixing process. Our study reveals that the ratio of the thermocline thickness to the fluid depth largely determines the mixing rate and the mixing efficiency in an overturning flow driven by STF. By applying this finding to a hypothetical MOC driven purely by STF, we obtain a mixing rate of O(
) and a corresponding meridional heat flux of O(
petawatt, PW), which are far smaller than the values found for real oceans. These results provide quantitative support for the notion that STF alone is not sufficient to drive the MOC, which essentially acts as a heat conveyor belt powered by other energy sources.
The Impact of High‐Frequency Weather Systems on SST and Surface Mixed Layer in the Central Arabian Sea
Authors: Zhou Shenjie , Zhai Xiaoming , Renfrew Ian A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe role of high‐frequency (subdaily time scales) weather systems in modulating the sea surface temperature (SST) and the mixed layer (ML) depth in the central Arabian Sea is investigated using one‐dimensional mixed‐layer models for different monsoon seasons. Simulations forced by subhourly sampled meteorological variables, including surface wind, air temperature, humidity, and cloud, are compared to simulations forced by daily‐averaged meteorological variables. It is found that including high‐frequency signals in the meteorological variables lowers the daily‐mean SST (by 0.8°C on average) and damps its variability (the standard deviation decreases by 1.0°C) but has little systematic effect on the SST diurnal variability. There is a small but consistent deepening of the ML depth associated with the slightly intensified wind stress and heat loss due to high‐frequency weather systems at this site. The cooling effect on the daily‐mean SST is found to be closely related to the ML depth on daily‐to‐seasonal time scales. The impact of high‐frequency weather systems is primarily driven by the high‐frequency wind via the turbulent heat and momentum fluxes.
EnOI‐IAU Initialization Scheme Designed for Decadal Climate Prediction System IAP‐DecPreS
Authors: Wu Bo , Zhou Tianjun , Zheng Fei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA decadal climate prediction system named as IAP‐DecPreS was constructed in the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP), Chinese Academy of Sciences, based on a fully coupled model FGOALS‐s2 and a newly developed initialization scheme, referred to as EnOI‐IAU. In this paper, we introduce the design of the EnOI‐IAU scheme, assess the accuracies of initialization integrations using the EnOI‐IAU and preliminarily evaluate hindcast skill of the IAP‐DecPreS. The EnOI‐IAU scheme integrates two conventional assimilation approaches, ensemble optimal interpolation (EnOI) and incremental analysis update (IAU). The EnOI and IAU were applied to calculate analysis increments and incorporate them into the model, respectively. Three continuous initialization (INIT) runs were conducted for the period of 1950–2015, in which observational sea surface temperature (SST) from the HadISST1.1 and subsurface ocean temperature profiles from the EN4.1.1 data set were assimilated. Then nine‐member 10 year long hindcast runs initiated from the INIT runs were conducted for each year in the period of 1960–2005. The accuracies of the INIT runs are evaluated from the following three aspects: upper 700 m ocean temperature, temporal evolution of SST anomalies, and dominant interdecadal variability modes, Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Finally, preliminary evaluation of the ensemble mean of the hindcast runs suggests that the IAP‐DecPreS has skill in the prediction of the PDO‐related SST anomalies in the midlatitude North Pacific and AMO‐related SST anomalies in the tropical North Atlantic.
Diphenylamine‐Substituted Carbazole‐Based Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Influence of Isomeric Derivatives
Authors: Magomedov Artiom , Paek Sanghyun , Gratia Paul , Kasparavicius Ernestas , Daskeviciene Maryte , Kamarauskas Egidijus , Gruodis Alytis , Jankauskas Vygintas , Kantminiene Kristina , Cho Kyung Taek , Rakstys Kasparas , Malinauskas Tadas , Getautis Vytautas , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA series of new branched hole transporting materials (HTMs) containing two diphenylamine‐substituted carbazole fragments linked by a nonconjugated methylenebenzene unit is synthesized and tested in perovskite solar cells. Synthesis of the investigated materials is performed by a simple two‐step synthetic procedure providing a target product in high yield. The isolated materials demonstrate good thermal stability and majority of the investigated compounds exist in an amorphous state, which is advantageous as there is no risk of crystallization directly in the film. The highest charge drift mobility of µ0 = 4 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1, measured at weak electric fields, is by ca. one order of magnitude higher than that of Spiro‐OMeTAD under identical conditions. From the perovskite solar cell testing results, it can be seen that performance of two new HTMs (V885 and V911) is on a par with Spiro‐OMeTAD. Due to the ease of synthesis, good thermal, optical and photophysical properties, this type of molecules hold great promise for practical application in commercial perovskite solar cells.
Large‐Scale Fabrication of MoS2 Ribbons and Their Light‐Induced Electronic/Thermal Properties: Dichotomies in the Structural and Defect Engineering
Authors: Li Yuan , Moy Emily C. , Murthy Akshay A. , Hao Shiqiang , Cain Jeffrey D. , Hanson Eve D. , DiStefano Jennifer G. , Chae Woo Hyun , Li Qianqian , Wolverton Chris , Chen Xinqi , Dravid Vinayak P. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractControlled design and patterning of layered transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) into specific dimensions and geometries hold great potential for next‐generation micro/nanoscale electronic applications. Herein, the large‐scale fabrication of MoS2 ribbons with widths ranging from micro‐ to nanoscale is reported. Their unique electric and thermal properties introduced by the shape change and defect creation are also demonstrated, with particular focus on the performance associated with light–matter interactions. The theoretical calculation indicates significantly increased absorption and scattering efficiency of the MoS2 ribbons with decreasing width. As a result, enhanced photocarrier generation ability is detected on their phototransistors with defect‐modulated light‐response behavior. The light‐induced thermal transport properties of the MoS2 ribbons are further studied. A decreased thermal conductivity is observed on narrower ribbons, attributed to the defects created during fabrication. It is also found that the effect of phonon scattering at ribbon edges on their thermal conductivity is insignificant, and the thermal transport has no obvious dependence on the ribbon direction at such width scale. This study evaluates the prospects for designing and fabricating TMD semiconductors with specific geometries for future optoelectronic applications.
Peripheral Nerve‐Derived Matrix Hydrogel Promotes Remyelination and Inhibits Synapse Formation
Authors: Zou Jian‐Long , Liu Sheng , Sun Jia‐Hui , Yang Wei‐Hong , Xu Yi‐Wei , Rao Zi‐Long , Jiang Bin , Zhu Qing‐Tang , Liu Xiao‐Lin , Wu Jin‐Lang , Chang Calvin , Mao Hai‐Quan , Ling Eng‐Ang , Quan Da‐Ping , Zeng Yuan‐Shan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRegeneration of injured nerve tissues requires intricate interplay of complex processes like axon elongation, remyelination, and synaptic formation in a tissue‐specific manner. A decellularized nerve matrix‐gel (DNM‐G) and a decellularized spinal cord matrix‐gel (DSCM‐G) are prepared from porcine sciatic nerves and spinal cord tissue, respectively, to recapitulate the microenvironment cues unique to the native tissue functions. Using an in vitro dorsal root ganglion–Schwann cells coculture model and proteomics analysis, it is confirmed that DNM‐G promotes far stronger remyelination activity and reduces synapse formation of the regenerating axons in contrast to DSCM‐G, Matrigel, and collagen I, consistent with its tissue‐specific function. Bioinformatics analysis indicates that the lack of neurotrophic factors and presence of some axon inhibitory molecules may contribute to moderate axonal elongation activity, while laminin β2, Laminin γ1, collagens, and fibronectin in DNM‐G promote remyelination. These results confirm that DNM‐G is a promising matrix material for peripheral nerve repair. This study provides more insights into tissue‐specific extracellular matrix components correlating to biological functions supporting functional regeneration.
UV‐Induced Multilevel Current Amplification Memory Effect in Zinc Oxide Rods Resistive Switching Devices
Authors: Russo Paola , Xiao Ming , Liang Robert , Zhou Norman Y. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractZinc oxide (ZnO) devices represent an alternative in the semiconductor technology for their application in resistive switching memory devices and ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors due to their chemical and electrical properties. The multilevel current amplification of ZnO rods RRAM devices induced by UV light illumination is reported here for the first time. The resistive switching mechanism underlying in this type of devices is attributed to the formation of conductive filaments composed of oxygen vacancies. The analysis of the photodecay processes carried out on the devices fabricated with different electrodes shows that the type of interface (Ag/ZnO and Au/ZnO) affects the surface barrier height, which influences the photodecay rate. It is shown that by applying UV light, higher relaxation constants (slower photodecay rates) are obtained and lead to multilevel current amplification behavior.