bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A relação entre os canais de transferência de conhecimento das Universidades/IPPS e o desempenho inovativo das firmas no Brasil
Authors: Castro Priscila Gomes de , Teixeira André Luiz da Silva , Lima João Eustáquio de 
Published: June 2017

O presente artigo objetiva estudar a interação universidade-empresa no Brasil, focando na relação entre os canais de transferência de conhecimento das universidades e IPPs (Institutos Públicos de Pesquisa) e o desempenho inovativo das firmas. Para tanto, utilizaram-se dados de 314 empresas respondentes de um survey conduzido no Brasil, relacionado à interação universidade-empresa. A partir da estimação de um modelo probit bivariado, percebeu-se que, no geral, alguns canais de transmissão de conhecimento de universidades e IPPs apresentam relação positiva com o desempenho inovativo das firmas no Brasil. Nas categorias de canais, aqueles ligados às atividades informais e ao licenciamento tiveram relação direta com a probabilidade de inovação de produto, enquanto apenas os canais ligados às atividades informais mostraram uma relação positiva com a probabilidade de inovação de processo.
Return to Sport After Pediatric Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Its Effect on Subsequent Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Dekker Travis J. , Godin Jonathan A. , Dale Kevin M. , Garrett William E. , Taylor Dean C. , Riboh Jonathan C. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) graft failure and contralateral ACL tears are more frequent in children and adolescents than adults. The reasons for higher subsequent injury rates in this population are incompletely understood.

Methods:
We analyzed a continuous cohort of patients who were <18 years of age. Subjects underwent isolated, primary ACL reconstruction with autograft between 2006 and January 1, 2014, and had a minimum 2-year follow-up. Return-to-sport characteristics were described, and multivariable Cox regression modeling was used to identify predictors of a second ACL injury. Candidate variables included patient factors (age, sex, physeal status, tibial slope, notch width index), surgical characteristics (graft type, surgical technique), measures of recovery (time to return to sport, duration of physical therapy), and patients’ preoperative and postoperative sports involvement (primary and secondary sports, number of sports).

Results:
A total of 112 subjects met inclusion criteria; of these patients, 85 (76%) had complete follow-up data and were analyzed. The mean age (and standard deviation) was 13.9 ± 2.1 years (range, 6 to 17 years); 77% had open physes. The mean follow-up was 48.3 ± 15.3 months. Seventy-seven patients (91%) returned to sports, and 84% returned to the same sport. The mean Marx activity score at the time of the latest follow-up was 13.7 ± 3.5 points. Patients were involved in fewer sports after ACL reconstruction, 1.48 ± 0.92 compared with 1.83 ± 1.01 sports before reconstruction (p = 0.002). Sixteen patients (19%) sustained an ACL graft rupture, 11 patients (13%) sustained a contralateral ACL tear, and 1 of these patients (1%) sustained both. The overall prevalence of a second ACL injury was 32%. Time to return to sport was the only significant predictor of a second ACL injury, with a slower return being protective (hazard ratio per month, 0.87 [95% confidence interval, 0.73 to 0.99]; p = 0.04).

Conclusions:
Pediatric athletes return to sports at a high rate (91%) after ACL reconstruction. Unfortunately, the prevalence of a second ACL injury is high at 32%. Within this population, an earlier return to sport is predictive of a second ACL injury.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Can We Agree on Expectations and Assessments of Graduating Residents?
Authors: Nousiainen Markuu , Incoll Ian , Peabody Terrance , Marsh J. Lawrence 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:
Orthopaedic educators are responsible for training a prepared and competent workforce that will provide effective care for a growing number of patients with musculoskeletal conditions. Currently, there are both internal and external forces that pose substantial challenges to medical students, residents, program directors, faculty members, and chairs in achieving this goal. One area of particular concern is the education of surgeons, whose knowledge and professional behavior must be matched by their ability to acquire procedural skills. In order to address this issue, many training systems have implemented a competency-based training approach into their curricula. This article discusses the efforts that orthopaedic training bodies in Canada and Australia have taken toward competency-based education and what steps the American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery (ABOS), the Council of Orthopaedic Residency Directors (CORD), the American Orthopaedic Association (AOA), the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS), and the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) are considering to improve residency education in the current and future environments.
Brace Success Is Related to Curve Type in Patients with Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Thompson Rachel M. , Hubbard Elizabeth W. , Jo Chan-Hee , Virostek Donald , Karol Lori A. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Curve magnitude and skeletal maturity are important factors in determining the efficacy of bracing for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, but curve morphology may also affect brace success. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of curve morphology on the response to bracing with a thoracolumbosacral orthosis (TLSO).

Methods:
A retrospective review of patients managed with an orthosis for the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis who were prospectively enrolled at the initiation of brace wear and followed through completion of bracing or surgery was performed. Inclusion criteria were main curves of 25° to 45° and a Risser stage of 0, 1, or 2 at the time of brace prescription. Compliance with bracing was measured with Maxim Integrated Thermochrons. Radiographs made at brace initiation, brace cessation, and final follow-up were used to retrospectively categorize curves with use of the modified Lenke (mLenke) classification system and more broadly to categorize them as main thoracic or main lumbar. The effect of morphology on outcome was evaluated using chi-square and Fisher exact tests.

Results:
One hundred and sixty-eight patients were included. There was no difference in curve magnitude at the time of brace initiation (p = 0.798) or in average hours of daily brace wear (p = 0.146) between groups. The rate of surgery or progression of the curve to ≥50° was 34.5% (29 of 84) in mLenke-I curves, 54.5% (6 of 11) in mLenke-II curves, 29.4% (10 of 34) in mLenke-III curves, 17.6% (3 of 17) in mLenke-V curves, and 13.6% (3 of 22) in mLenke-VI curves. There were no mLenke-IV curves at the time of brace initiation. The rate of surgery or progression to ≥50° was 34.1% (44 of 129) in the combined thoracic group and 15.4% (6 of 39) in the combined lumbar group (p = 0.0277). In brace-compliant patients (>12.9 hours/day), the rate of surgery or progression to ≥50° was 30.3% (20 of 66) in main thoracic curves and 5.3% (1 of 19) in main lumbar curves (p = 0.0239). One-tenth of curves changed morphology during bracing. The rate of surgery or progression to ≥50° was 35.8% (43 of 120) in persistent main thoracic curves, 20.0% (6 of 30) in persistent main lumbar curves, 12.5% (1 of 8) in main thoracic curves that became main lumbar curves, and 0% (0 of 9) in main lumbar curves that became main thoracic curves (p = 0.0383).

Conclusions:
Thoracic curves are at greater risk for brace failure than lumbar curves are despite similar initial curve magnitudes and average amount of daily brace wear. A change in curve pattern may imply flexibility and is associated with brace success. Patients with thoracic curves should be counseled accordingly.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Venous Thromboembolism Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Parvizi Javad , Ceylan Hasan H. , Kucukdurmaz Fatih , Merli Geno , Tuncay Ibrahim , Beverland David 
Published: June 2017

➤ Orthopaedic surgeons focus on the safety as much as on the efficacy of venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylactic agents.➤ The latest guidelines from the American College of Chest Physicians directly endorse, and those from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons indirectly endorse, aspirin as an effective agent for VTE prophylaxis.➤ There are sufficient published data that demonstrate the efficacy of aspirin in the prevention of VTE following total joint arthroplasty.➤ Aspirin is inexpensive, easy to administer, and reasonably well tolerated; requires no blood monitoring; has an excellent safety profile; and continues to increase in popularity for VTE prevention after total joint arthroplasty.
Thoracic Idiopathic Scoliosis Severity Is Highly Correlated with 3D Measures of Thoracic Kyphosis
Authors: Sullivan T. Barrett , Reighard Fredrick G. , Osborn Emily J. , Parvaresh Kevin C. , Newton Peter O. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Loss of thoracic kyphosis has been associated with thoracic idiopathic scoliosis. Modern 3-dimensional (3D) imaging systems allow more accurate characterization of the scoliotic deformity than traditional radiographs. In this study, we utilized 3D calculations to characterize the association between increasing scoliosis severity and changes in the sagittal and axial planes.

Methods:
Patients evaluated in a scoliosis clinic and determined to have either a normal spine or idiopathic scoliosis were included in the analysis. All underwent upright, biplanar radiography with 3D reconstructions. Two-dimensional (2D) measurements of the magnitude of the thoracic major curve and the thoracic kyphosis were recorded. Image processing and MATLAB analysis were utilized to produce a 3D calculation of thoracic kyphosis and apical vertebral axial rotation. Regression analysis was performed to determine the correlation of 2D kyphosis, 3D kyphosis, and apical axial rotation with the magnitude of the thoracic major curve.

Results:
The 442 patients for whom 2D and 3D data were collected had a main thoracic curve magnitude ranging from 1° to 118°. Linear regression analysis of the 2D and 3D T5-T12 kyphosis versus main thoracic curve magnitude yielded significant models (p < 0.05). The 2D model had a minimally negative slope (−0.07), a small R2 value (0.02), and a poor correlation coefficient (−0.14). In contrast, the 3D model had a strongly negative slope (−0.54), a high R2 value (0.56), and a strong correlation coefficient (−0.75). Curve magnitude also had a strong correlation with loss of 3D T1-T12 kyphosis and increasing apical axial rotation.

Conclusions:
Segmentally calculated 3D thoracic kyphosis had a strongly negative correlation with the magnitude of the main thoracic curve. With near uniformity, 3D thoracic kyphosis progressively decreased as scoliosis magnitude increased, at a rate of more than half the increase in the main thoracic curve magnitude. Analysis confirmed a surprisingly strong correlation between scoliosis severity and loss of 3D kyphosis that was absent in the 2D analysis. A similarly strong correlation between curve magnitude and apical axial rotation was evident. These findings lend further credence to the concept that scoliosis progresses in the coronal, sagittal, and axial planes simultaneously.

Clinical Relevance:
The findings of this study suggest that 3D assessment is critical for adequate characterization of the multiplanar deformity of idiopathic scoliosis and deformity in the sagittal plane is linked to deformity in the coronal plane. Increasing severity of coronal plane curvature is associated with a progressive loss of thoracic kyphosis that should be anticipated so that the appropriate intraoperative techniques for correction of idiopathic scoliosis can be applied in all 3 planes.
Study of the effect of pipe materials and mixing phenomenon on trihalomethanes formation and diffusion in a laboratory-scale water distribution network
Authors: Mompremier Rojacques , Fuentes Mariles Óscar Arturo , Ghebremichael Kebreab , Silva Martínez Ana Elisa , Becerril Bravo José Elías 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors that affect the formation and diffusion of disinfection by-products, especially trihalomethanes (THM), in a laboratory-scale water distribution network constructed with three different pipe materials. Sampling locations were chosen on the basis of residence time, pipe material and mixing zone. Water samples were collected and analyzed for temperature, pH, total organic carbon, turbidity, free chlorine and THM. Experiments were carried out where two different flow directions at cross junctions were studied. It was observed that for incoming flow at 90° with varying flow rate, mixing was shown to be incomplete where inflows tend to bifurcate rather than mix completely. For two incoming flows in opposing direction (180°), solute mixing has shown to be perfect due to the collision of the fluid streams. The results demonstrated how THM concentration can greatly vary in the same water distribution network due to the impact of pipe material, residence time and the outcome of mixing at cross junctions.
Bioenergy recovery from cattle wastewater in an UASB-AF hybrid reactor
Authors: de Mendonça Henrique Vieira , Ometto Jean Pierre Henry Balbaud , Otenio Marcelo Henrique , dos Reis Alberto José Delgado , Marques Isabel Paula Ramos 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
New data on biogas production and treatment of cattle wastewater were registered using an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket-anaerobic filter (UASB-AF) hybrid reactor under mesophilic temperature conditions (37 °C). The reactor was operated in semi-continuous mode with hydraulic retention times of 6, 5, 3 and 2 days and organic loading rates of 3.8, 4.6, 7.0 and 10.8 kg CODt m−3 d−1. Biogas volumes of 0.6–0.8 m3 m−3 d−1 (3.8–4.6 kg CODt m−3 d−1) and 1.2–1.4 m3 m−3 d−1 (7.0–10.8 kg CODt m−3 d−1), with methane concentrations between 69 and 75%, were attained. The removal of organic matter with values of 60–81% (CODt) and 51–75% (CODs) allowed methane yields of 0.155–0.183 m3 CH4 kg−1 CODt and 0.401–0.513 m3 CH4 kg−1 CODs to be obtained. Volatile solids were removed in 34 to 69%, with corresponding methane yields of 0.27 to 0.42 m3 CH4 kg−1 VSremoved. The good performance of the novel hybrid reactor was demonstrated by biogas outputs higher than reported previously in the literature, along with the quality of the gas obtained in the various experimental phases. The hybrid reactor investigated in this study presents comparative advantages, particularly in relation to conventional complete mixture units, considering economic factors such as energy consumption, reactor volume and installation area.
Response of the Antarctic Ionosphere to Some Intense Geomagnetic Storms
Authors: Mansilla Gustavo A. 
Published: June 2017

Background:The effect of geomagnetic storms on the mid-high latitude F2 region is studied.Method:For this purpose, foF2 data from four Antarctic stations were analyzed during three intense magnetic storms occurred in high solar activity (years 2002 and 2003). In general, negative storm effects irrespective of the local time were observed during the first part of the storms (main phase). Negative effects were also observed more often than positive effects during the first part of the recovery phase, which seems to indicate almost no longitudinal dependence in this stage of the storm.Conclusion:The negative effects frequently changed to positive during the last stage of the recovery. Several physical mechanisms were operative during the different stages of the storms.
Injection of Unicameral Bone Cysts with Bone Marrow Aspirate and Demineralized Bone Matrix Avoids Open Curettage and Bone Grafting in a Retrospective Cohort
Authors: Gundle Kenneth R. , Bhatt Etasha M. , Punt Stephanie E. , Bompadre Viviana , Conrad Ernest U. 
Published: June 2017

Background:Many treatment options exist for unicameral bone cysts (UBC), without clear evidence of superiority. Meta-analyses have been limited by small numbers of patients in specific anatomic and treatment subgroups. The purpose of this study was to report the outcomes of injecting bone marrow aspirate and demineralized bone matrix (BMA/DBM) for the treatment of proximal humerus UBC.Methods:Fifty-one patients with proximal humerus lesions treated by BMA/DBM injection were retrospectively reviewed from a single academic medical center.Results:The mean number of injections performed per patient was 2.14 (range 1-5). Eleven patients underwent only one injection (22%), an additional 19 patients completed treatment after two injections (37%), four patients healed after three injections (8%), and one patient healed after four injections (2%). The cumulative success rate of serial BMA/DBM injections was 22% (11/51), 58% (30/51), 67% (34/51), and 69% (35/51). Eleven patients (22%) ultimately underwent open curettage and bone grafting, and five patients (10%) were treated with injection of calcium phosphate bone substitute.Conclusion:A BMA/DBM injection strategy avoided an open procedure in 78% of patients with a proximal humerus UBC. The majority of patients underwent at least 2 injection treatments.Level of Evidence:Level IV retrospective cohort study.
Malignant Transformation of Synovial Chondromatosis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ng Vincent Y. , Louie Philip , Punt Stephanie , Conrad Ernest U. 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Synovial chondromatosis (SCh) can undergo malignant transformation. Pathologic diagnosis of secondary synovial chondrosarcoma (SChS) is challenging and misdiagnosis may result in over- or undertreatment.

Method:
A systematic review revealed 48 cases of SChS published in 27 reports since 1957. Data was collected to identify findings indicative of SChS and outcomes of treatment.

Results:
At median follow-up of 18 months, patients were reported as alive (10%), alive without disease (22%), alive with disease (15%), dead of disease (19%), dead of pulmonary embolism (4%), and unknown (29%). Initial diagnosis of SChS (grade: low/unknown 48%, intermediate/high 52%) was after biopsy in 58%, local resection in 29%, and amputation in 13%. Seventy-four percent of patients underwent 1.8 (mean) resections. Patients treated prior to 1992 were managed with amputation in 79% of cases compared to 48% after 1992. Symptoms were present for 72 mos prior to diagnosis of SChS.
Synovial chondrosarcoma demonstrated symptom progression over several months (82%), rapid recurrence after complete resection (30%), and medullary canal invasion (43%). The SChS tumor dimensions were seldom quantified.

Conclusion:
Malignant degeneration of synovial chondromatosis is rare but can necessitate morbid surgery or result in death. Pathognomonic signs for SChS including intramedullary infiltration are present in the minority of cases. Progression of symptoms, quick local recurrence, and muscle infiltration are more suggestive of SChS. Periarticular cortical erosion, extra-capsular extension, and metaplastic chondroid features are non-specific. Although poorly documented for SChS, tumor size is a strong indicator of malignancy.
Biopsy and partial resection are prone to diagnostic error. Surgical decisions are frequently based on size and clinical appearance and may be in conflict with pathologic diagnosis.
Are We Using Slow-Acting Symptomatic Chondroprotective Drugs Conscious Enough?
Authors: Gumustas Seyit Ali , Oznam Kadir , Mutlu Cagri Ata , Kaya Yasin Emre , Yilmaz Ibrahim , Isyar Mehmet , Guzelant Aliye Yıldırım , Guler Olcay , Akkaya Semih , Mahirogullari Mahir 
Published: June 2017

Background:Osteochondral injuries constitute an entity that is widespread and can be seen in patients of all ages. Actual treatment modalities aim to relieve pain, obtain full range of movement of the joint, and improve the quality of life. There are many slow-acting chondroprotective agents prevalently used in the United States that are classified as nutritional support but not as medicines . This study presents the importance of clinical adverse effect profiles as well as the pharmacological mechanism of action and application of combinations of drugs that are widely prescribed and not subjected to control.Methods:Electronic databases were searched with keywords about the chondroprotective drugs without any language restriction. Evaluations of the descriptive statistics were representedviaMicrosoft Office Excel 2010 lists in the form of a mean±standard deviation or frequency (%). The first evaluation showed that 1502 studies were potentially relevant. Following exclusion of the 1277 studies which were not clinical, full versions of the remaining 225 studies were subjected to further evaluation. No controlled, blinded, randomized and/or comparative studies met the inclusion criteria of the study, and no studies evaluated the comparative clinical results of the hyaluronan of different molecular weights.Results:The findings of this study concluded that especially when prescribing drugs with ingredients like GS and CS, many patients’ pre-existing conditions must be considered, such as whether the patient has a glucose intolerance or not. Additionally, mineral toxication should be considered since the drugs contain minerals, and after the application of injected hyaluronan, complications should be considered.Conclusion:Clinical, controlled and comparative studies about the use of chondroprotective drugs must be performed to define the benefits of these drugs, if any, in order to determine the most suitable time for operative intervention.
Peran Karang Taruna Dalam Pemberdayaan Penyandang Disabilitas Di Desa Karangpatihan, Kabupaten Ponorogo Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Ketahanan Ekonomi Keluarga
Authors: Gafara Citra , Riyono Bagus , Setiyawati Diana 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyzed the role of youth in the empowerment of persons with disabilities and to analyzed the implications for families economic resilience of persons with disabilities.This research was a qualitative descriptive study with data collection throught : (1) interview, (2) observation, and (3) the documentation with investigation techniques using triangulation techniques.The results of this study indicated Youth had a role in encouraging the participation of all elements of society to petrified with disabilities achieved prosperity. Empowerment activities also had contributed to the increase in income persons with disabilities. Although there was an increase in income, family economic resilience, conditions of persons with disabilities was still at the poverty line ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran karang taruna dalam pemberdayaan penyandang disabilitas dan menganalisis implikasinya terhadap ketahanan ekonomi keluarga penyandang disabilitas.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui: (1) wawancara, (2) observasi, dan (3) dokumentasi dengan teknik pemeriksaan menggunakan teknik triangulasi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Karang Taruna memiliki peran dalam mendorong partisipasi seluruh elemen masyarakat untuk membantu penyandang disabilitas mencapai kesejahteraan. Kegiatan pemberdayaan juga telah memberi kontribusi pada peningkatan pendapatan penyandang disabilitas. Meski terdapat peningkatan pendapatan, kondisi ketahanan ekonomi keluarga penyandang disabilitas masih berada pada garis kemiskinan