bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypocalcemic Tetany, Growth Failure, Primary Amenorrhea and Iron Deficiency in an Adolescent Girl
Authors: Abu Huzaima K. , Khalafallah H. , Abdelrahman H. , Tahtamoni S. , Bedair E.M. , Soliman A.T. 
Published: February 2016

A 15-year-old pale and wasted prepubertal Yemeni girl presented with carpo-pedal spasms of the limbs and drowsiness after severe bilateral thigh pain and weakness for a few days. She denied any trauma or taking medications but complained of recurrent abdominal pains and distension with occasional diarrhea. Her height = 119 cm and weight = 19.5 kg, BMI = 13.7. Her quadriceps were contracted bilaterally and there was exquisite pain on palpation of both thighs. Deeptendon reflexes were brisk all over and Chvostek sign was positive. Abdomen appeared distended with no organomegaly. Tests showed hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia, high PTH and low vitamin D 25-hydroxy level, hypoalbuminemia, low B12 and low RBC folate, normal ESR with normal renal and hepatic functions. Tissue transglutaminase antibody was positive but stools negative for fat. Upper gut endoscopy revealed total villus atrophy. Bone age was nine years with osteomalacia. She was diagnosed with celiac disease plus multivitamin deficiency and was treated with vitamin D3 (600, 000 U)IM, calcium carbonate, B12 100 meg IM, multivitamins, and Fe-sulfate. She was put on a gluten-free diet with increased calcium intake. Two months later, her weight had increased by 5 kg, height by 4 cm and her appetite improved markedly with disappearance of all abdominal symptoms and cramps. Adolescents with delayed puberty and short stature must be screened for celiac disease.
Sildenafil Plasma Concentration: Time Profile After Cimetidine Co-Administration
Authors: Thanoon J. 
Published: February 2016

To assess the plasma concentration-time profile of sildenafil alone and after a single dose (400 mg) of cimetidine, with other pharmacokinetic parameters, a study was conducted at the Department of Pharmaco- logy, College of Medicine and Department of Che-mistry, College of Science, University of Mosul, from May 2008-June 2008. Twelve healthy volunteers were each given a sildenafil tablet 50 mg and blood samples were drawn at 0, 0.5,1, 2, 4, 6, 8,10 and 12 hours after administration. After a one week washout period, the same volunteers were given cimetidine 400 mg followed two hours later by sildenafil 50 mg and blood samples drawn at 0, 0.5,1,2, 4, 6, 8,10 and 12 hours after the sildenafil administration. Using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for analysis, the concentration-time profile, half-life (t1 /2), area under the curve (AUC), k (elimination) were measured. Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and time to reach maximum plasma concentration (T max) were calculated.
Co-administration of cimetidine resulted in significantly higher plasma concentrations of sildenafil, reflected by a significant rise in AUC (p < 0.0001) and a significant increase in C max (p < 0.0001). The k (elimination) of sildenafil was significantly delayed (p < 0.0001) and the elimination half-life was prolonged (p < 0.0001).
Cimetidine through its action as an inhibitor of Cytochrome P3 A4 (the metabolic pathway of sildenafil) increases the plasma level of sildenafil as reflected by the increase in AUC, C max, 11 /2 and a significant reduction in k(elimination).
Profile of Smoking Among Primary Healthcare Doctors in Doha, Qatar 2007
Authors: Mansoura F.I. , Abdulmalik M.A. , Salama R.E. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Cigarette smoking is universally acknowledged to be a health hazard. Primary care physicians have several important responsibilities, being role models, information providers, and identifiers/modifiers of risk behaviors, and researchers. They are often able to influence the behavior of their own patients as well as the society as a whole in the prevention of illness and promotion of well-being. This can be accomplished by both serving as personal role models and actively promoting healthy behavior among their patients. Doctors who smoke may have a problem in achieving these two objectives, especially when trying to convince their own patients to quit smoking. The purpose of this study was to identify smoking prevalence among primary care physicians in Doha, Qatar, and to explore how the smoking behaviors of physicians, their perceived ability to influence patient smoking behavior, and their knowledge about health outcomes related to smoking can influence their interaction with patients.Methods: A cross-sectional, self-administered, anonymous survey was conducted in November through December 2007, among 12 primary healthcare centers in Doha. Analyses were based on responses from 151 physicians, representing an 83.8% response rate.Results: The prevalence of smoking was 23.1% among primary care physicians, 1 5.8% of them were current smokers and 7.3% were ex-smokers. Smoking prevalence was significantly higher in men than women (12.9% vs.1.5 % regular smokers). Almost two thirds of smokers started smoking before reaching 20 years of age. Among smokers, 28.6% had previously smoked in the presence of patients and 40% of them felt ready to quit smoking within the next six months. Finally, physicians who smoke are less likely to ask their patients about their smoking behavior or believe their example is likely to influence their patients.Conclusion: Smoking prevalence is considerably high among physicians in the 1 2 primary healthcare centers in Doha, and a large percentage of physician smoke in the presence of their patients. Physicians' smoking behavior and attitude to smoking influences whether they counsel patients regarding smoking. These results indicate a need to educate physicians in Qatar about their potential for influencing patients to not start or quit smoking. There is a need for health education campaign not only for the general population but also for healthcare workers.
Two Cases of Recurrent Episodes of Angio Edema Without Urticaria or Pruritus
Authors: Al Marri M. , Al Nisf M. , Al Marri N.D. 
Published: February 2016

A 45 years old man reports recurrent episodes of marked lip and hand swelling; without urticaria or puritus occurring during surgical procedure for lymph nodes biopsy. He was diagnosed with lymphoma six months ago. He has had three episodes of severe, campy abdominal pain and bloating lasting up to 24–36 hours on the past year. No family history of Angioedema. Work up showed: CBC, chemistry and IgE were normal. C4 was 35 mg/dL (normal 50–100 mg/dl) C1 esterase inhibitor (C1 -INH) level: 18 mg/dL (normal 18–50 mg/dl), low C1 -INH function (less than 50% of normal) and low C1 q (less than 30% of normal)
Abstracts From Other Journals
Authors: A.A. Gehani , M. Hammoudeh 
Published: February 2016

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate adherence to national guidelines on the non-pharmacologic (ablative) treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods and Results: This prospective, observational, transversal study enrolled 1256 consecutive inpatients and outpatients referred to 43 Cardiology Departments between 1 and 31 October 2008 for the management of AF as a primary diagnosis. A rhythm-control strategy (cardioversion, antiarrhythmic medication, pace-maker implantation, substrate ablation, alone or in combination) was prescribed in 865 (69%) of the patients and a rate-control strategy [drugs, atrioventricular junction ablation and pace-maker implantation (Ablate and Pace) in 285 (23%). Specifically, substrate catheter ablation was indicated by the attending cardiologist in 187 (14.9%) patients and Ablate and Pace in 29 (2.3%). According to guideline indications, substrate catheter ablation would have been indicated in 183 (14.6%) patients, but only 105 (57%) of these were correctly identified by the attending cardiologist (K statistics for agreement for indications 0.49). Atrioventricular junction ablation and pace-maker implantation would have been indicated in 108 (8.6%) patients, but only 29 (27%) of these were correctly identified by the attending cardiologist (K statistics for agreement for indications 0.06).
Conclusion: About a quarter of patients referred to cardiology departments for AF management have potential indications for non-pharmacological treatment according to the guidelines. Substrate catheter ablation was offered by the attending cardiologist in a percentage similar to that expected, but concordance with guideline indications was moderate. Atrioventricular junction ablation and pace-maker implantation was largely underused.
Seizure as a Presenting Manifestation of Idiopathic Hypoparathyroidism
Authors: Abdulhadi A.S. , Parambath A.N. , AI Badri S. 
Published: February 2016

A 31-year-old male presented with generalized new-onset tonic-clonic seizure related to severe hypocalcaemia (serum calcium 1.2 mmol/l) caused by idiopathic hypoparathyroidism (parathyroid hormone concentration 6pg;normal 15-65pg). Computerized tomographic scan showed bilateral, symmetrical, intracranial calcifications involving the basal ganglia and the cerebellum.There are few reports in clinical literature describing new-onset seizure caused by primary hypoparathyroidism in adulthood and hypoparathyroidism needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of adult-onset seizure.
Abstracts from Other Journals 1
Authors: Gehani A. A. , Hammoudeh M. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Cellular and animal studies suggest that hypercholesterolemia contributes to Alzheimer disease (AD).
However, the relationship between cholesterol and dementia at the population level is less clear and may vary over the lifespan.
Methods: The Prospective Population Study of Women, consisting of 1,462 women without dementia aged 38–60 years, was initiated in 1968–1969 in Gothenburg, Sweden. Follow-ups were conducted in 1974–1975, 1980–1981, 1992–1993, and 2000–2001. All-cause dementia was diagnosed according to DSM-III-R criteria and AD according to National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke, Alzheimer's Disease, and Related Disorders Association criteria. Cox proportional hazards regression examined baseline, time-dependent, and change in cholesterol levels in relation to incident dementia and AD among all participants. Analyses were repeated among participants who survived to the age of 70 years or older and participated in the 2000–2001 examination.
Attitudes arid Self-care Behavior of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes attending the Emergency Department at Hamad General Hospital
Authors: Al Nuaimi S.A. , Yousif E. , Al Chetachi W.F. 
Published: February 2016

Diabetes is a public health problem and optimal glycemic control requires diligent daily self-management to reduce morbidity and mortality associated with diabetes and its complications. By means of a carefully designed questionnaire, 215 patients with Type 2 diabetes who were admitted to the Emergency Department at Hamad General Hospital during the period from 1 May 2008 to 31 August 2008 were selected randomly and interviewed to determine their attitudes and behaviors influencing effective glycemic control and the extent to which they were helped by education and advice from care providers. The mean ± SD of both the total diabetes attitudes with subscales, and the self-care behaviors were measured in addition to the mean ± SD of both hemoglobin A1 c, and the number of admissions to the emergency department over the preceding six months. Participants reported the highest performance following a specific diet which had the highest significant negative correlation (r = -0.181, p = 0.009) with hemoglobin A1c as compared with the other self-care behaviors. The study emphasized the importance of improving the attitude of Type∼2 diabetics and their self-care behaviors because of the association with Emergency Department Admission and Glycemic Control. An appropriate educational approach and follow-up taking into account individual patient characteristics, needs to be implemented.
Malignant Potential of Endometrial Polyps: A retrospective study
Authors: Mohammed A.B. , Bayo Al. , Rizwan A. 
Published: February 2016

To estimate the potential risk of malignancy in endometrial polyps and to investigate the possible clinical risk factors. Clinical, sonographic, hysteroscopic and pathological data were reviewed of 337 women with pathologically confirmed endometrial polyps diagnosed in Qatar between 2000 and 2010. The polyps were benign in 95.6% of cases, pre-malignant in 2.3%, and malignant in 2.1 % of cases. Advanced age, menopausal status and vaginal bleeding were strongly associated with atypical hyperplasia and cancer. There appeared to be no association between the risk of malignancy and other clinical risk factors.
Conclusions: There is a small risk of malignancy in endometrial polyps, mainly in post-menopausal patients of advanced age with symptomatic vaginal bleeding. In these circumstances, endometrial polyps should be managed aggressively as potential cancer and removalfor histology is mandatory.
Abstracts “From Qatar to the World”
Authors: Hammoudeh M. , Gehani A. A. 
Published: February 2016

Background: Ocular trauma is a significant problem in pediatric patients. Also, leads to visual loss throughout the world there are no data of pediatric ocular trauma in Arabian Gulf Countries in the current literature.
Aim: To study the epidemiology, mechanism, causes and outcome of serious ocular trauma requiring hospital admission, in children below 16 years of age.
Study design: A retrospective cohort study. Subjects: All pediatric patients (up to 16 years of age) presenting with ocular injuries to a tertiary care pediatric ophthalmology and Pediatric Accident Emergency Department January 1, 2005 to December 30,2009.
Politieke fragmentatie in Nederlandse gemeenten
Authors: Lunsing Jan , Herweijer Michiel 
Published: February 2016

Political fragmentation in Dutch municipalities
A gradual process of fragmentation is going on in the Dutch political landscape. This article first describes the political fragmentation (the number of parties in the parliament, the popularly elected body) of the Dutch municipalities after the local elections of march 2014. Next the authors address the background factors of political fragmentation. These factors are the task heaviness, the municipal size, the turnout at local elections and the administrative instability. Then they take up the consequences of political fragmentation. A high level of political fragmentation is accompanied by a somewhat higher absenteeism (so there is a little less ‘civil service power’), a somewhat higher debt per capita (so there are somewhat less financial reserves) and lower performance in the area of separate waste collection (an indication of a somewhat lower level of ‘civil society power’). The absence of an above average political fragmentation can be seen as an administrative resource. The hypothesis that municipalities with a higher level of political fragmentation are characterized by a higher number of administrative crises (early retiring administrators) could not be statistically accepted, nor (not yet) rejected.
Systeemverantwoordelijkheid en systeemverantwoordelijk toezicht
Authors: de Goede Peter , Knottnerus André 
Published: February 2016

System responsibility and system responsible supervision
With the term ‘system responsibility’ the authors (both working for the Dutch Scientific Council for Governmental Policy) mean the responsibility for the functioning of complex ‘administrative systems’. In these complex administrative systems supervision can have different roles: to assess the functioning one-sided from the perspective of the government, but also to put on reflective glasses (‘from afar glasses’) that aim at the bigger picture of divergent rationalities of the actors involved. In the second case, there is ‘system responsible supervision’. This essay explores the ‘what’ and the ‘how’ of the desirability of system responsible supervision in a society with complex, compound administrative systems. Such supervision can contribute to a somewhat better understanding of these systems and a somewhat better ability to adjust these complex systems. These supervisors can be seen as a necessary complement of the withdrawal of the government and the rise of ‘horizontal administration’, in which the hierarchical decision-power of the central government has gradually shifted to other actors. As unelected and as relatively independent actors they occupy a new, hybrid place in the ‘trias politica’, because on the one hand they have taken over functions of elected politicians and administrators and on the other hand they function in many respects as a quasi-judicial power.
Insult in Context: Incorporating Speech Act Theory in Doctrinal Legal Analysis of Interpretative Discussions
Authors: Kloosterhuis Harm 
Published: February 2016

Insult in Context: Incorporating Speech Act Theory in Doctrinal Legal Analysis of Interpretative Discussions
In this article, I want to show that some doctrinal problems of legal interpretation and argumentation can be analysed in a more precise way than a standard doctrinal analysis, when we use insights from speech act theory and argumentation theory. Taking a discussion about the accusation of the criminal act insulting as a starting point, I will try to show that the doctrinal perspective on meaning of statutory norms and of the qualification of utterances as legal acts lacks the instruments to explain why discussions about these meanings and utterances are so complicated. In short, a doctrinal analysis focuses on word or sentence meaning, distinguishing between the literal or semantic meaning on the one hand and the meaning in context on the other. However, the analysis of this ‘meaning in context’ is often rather vague, especially in cases of indirect and strategic communication. It is the analysis of this meaning in context that can profit from insights from speech act theory. I do not want to ‘solve’ the problems of the interpretation of the norms concerning insulting. I only use this case in point as an exemplary example to discuss important (often implicit doctrinal) starting points about the related concepts meaning and intention (or commitment) in interpretative discussions.
Bestuursbesluit zou vereist moeten zijn bij eigen enquêteverzoek rechtspersoon
Authors: van Bekkum J. 
Published: February 2016

Bestuursbesluit zou vereist moeten zijn bij eigen enquêteverzoek rechtspersoon
De auteur bespreekt in deze bijdrage de problematiek die zich voordoet bij het indienen van een enquêteverzoek namens de rechtspersoon. Hij betoogt dat in een dergelijk geval aan het enquêteverzoek in beginsel een bestuursbesluit ten grondslag moet liggen, tenzij een misstand aan besluitvorming in de weg staat.
De SNS-beschikking van 8 juli 2015: een pragmatische keuze
Authors: Tax I. 
Published: February 2016

De SNS-beschikking van 8 juli 2015: een pragmatische keuze
De auteur geeft haar commentaar op de SNS-beschikking waarin de Ondernemingskamer heeft geoordeeld dat onteigende aandeelhouders, die vanwege de onteigening niet voldoen aan de kapitaaleis van artikel 2:346 BW, toch ontvankelijk kunnen zijn in hun verzoek tot enquête. De ondernemingskamer aanvaardt hiermee een verdere uitbreiding van de kring van enquêtegerechtigden.
Zaaien en oogsten bij enquêteprocedures
Authors: Overkleeft F.G.K. 
Published: February 2016

Zaaien en oogsten bij enquêteprocedures
De auteur gaat in deze bijdrage in op het onderzoeksverslag als sluitstuk van de eerste fase bij de Ondernemingskamer. Wie heeft recht op inzage? En wanneer is het toegestaan mededelingen uit het onderzoeksverslag aan derden te doen? De auteur komt tevens met aanbevelingen om een onredelijke informatieasymmetrie in opvolgende civiele aansprakelijkheidsprocedures te voorkomen.
Presumption of Innocence Versus a Principle of Fairness
Authors: Ulväng Magnus 
Published: February 2016

Presumption of Innocence Versus a Principle of Fairness. A Response to Duff
In my response to Duff I focus mainly on the following two issues. Firstly, I examine what kind of a norm the presumption of innocence (PoI) really is and how it ontologically differs from other types of rules, principles, rationales, etc. My tentative conclusion is that a PoI does not suffice the requirement of being a dogmatic rule and, thus, has less weight than what Duff perhaps assumes.Secondly, I examine what role the concept of innocence plays in the debate on fundamental (moral and legal) principles and the underlying rationales of a criminal law system. Although I am sympathetic to much of what Duff purports in his plea for civic trust and a parsimonious use of criminal law, I am reluctant to believe that it is really a broader version of a PoI that warrants the kind of morally decent criminal law system that he suggests normatively ought to be. In my view, most of what Duff wants to ascribe to the PoI can be derived from a principle of fairness which, in my view, is already embedded in the fundamentals of criminal law doctrine.
On Presuming Innocence
Authors: Knigge Geert 
Published: February 2016

On Presuming Innocence: Is Duff’s Civic Trust Principle in Line with Current Law, Particularly the European Convention on Human Rights?
Duff sets out to present, not theoretical concepts, but ‘real’ principles that underlie positive law. This paper examines whether Duff’s analysis really reflects current law. To that end, this paper analyses the case law of the European Court on Human Rights. As far as his preposition that there are many presumptions of innocence is concerned, Duff seems to be right. In the case law of the European Court different presumptions can be discerned, with different rationales. However, these presumptions are a far cry from the trust principle Duff advocates. Indeed, a principle that prescribes trust cannot be found in the Court’s case law. There might be a unifying principle but if so this principle is about respect for human dignity rather than trust. This analysis serves as a basis for criticism. It is argued that the approach Duff proposes is in tension with the Court’s case law in several respects.
De hybride positie van de inrichtingsarts: gevangen tussen patiënt en directie
Authors: Groenouwe Marjan 
Published: February 2016

The hybrid position of the prison doctor in the Netherlands
This article discusses the complicated position of Dutch prison doctors. They not only act as a patient’s personal doctor, but they also have to verify that a prisoner is fit to undergo punishment and they can even be asked by the authorities to carry out involuntary body searches. This can raise serious ethical concerns and cause harm to the doctor-patient relationship. I have tried to determine in what situations the duty to care for their patients conflicts with considerations of prison management.