bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intra-articular Recombinant Human Proteoglycan 4 Mitigates Cartilage Damage After Destabilization of the Medial Meniscus in the Yucatan Minipig
Authors: Waller Kimberly A. , Chin Kaitlyn E. , Jay Gregory D. , Zhang Ling X. , Teeple Erin , McAllister Scott , Badger Gary J. , Schmidt Tannin A. , Fleming Braden C. 
Published: January 2017

Background: Lubricin, or proteoglycan 4 (PRG4), is a glycoprotein responsible for joint boundary lubrication. PRG4 has been shown previously to be down-regulated after traumatic joint injury such as a meniscal tear. Preliminary evidence suggests that intra-articular injection of PRG4 after injury will reduce cartilage damage in rat models of surgically induced posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Objective: To determine the efficacy of intra-articular injection of full-length recombinant human lubricin (rhPRG4) for reducing cartilage damage after medial meniscal destabilization (DMM) in a preclinical large animal model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Unilateral DMM was performed in 29 Yucatan minipigs. One week after DMM, animals received 3 weekly intra-articular injections (3 mL per injection): (1) rhPRG4 (1.3 mg/mL; n = 10); (2) rhPRG4+hyaluronan (1.3 mg/mL rhPRG4 and 3 mg/mL hyaluronan [~950 kDA]; n = 10); and (3) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; n = 9). Hindlimbs were harvested 26 weeks after surgery. Cartilage integrity was evaluated by use of macroscopic (India ink) and microscopic (safranin O–fast green and hematoxylin and eosin) scoring systems. Secondary outcomes evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) included PRG4 levels in synovial fluid, carboxy-terminal telepeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) concentrations in urine and serum, and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) levels in synovial fluid and serum. Results: The rhPRG4 group had significantly less macroscopic cartilage damage in the medial tibial plateau compared with the PBS group ( P = .002). No difference was found between the rhPRG4+hyaluronan and PBS groups ( P = .23). However, no differences in microscopic damage scores were observed between the 3 groups ( P = .70). PRG4 production was elevated in the rhPRG4 group synovial fluid compared with the PBS group ( P = .033). The rhPRG4 group presented significantly lower urinary CTX-II levels, but not serum levels, when compared with the PBS ( P = .013) and rhPRG4+hyaluronan ( P = .011) groups. In serum and synovial fluid, both rhPRG4 ( P = .006; P = .017) and rhPRG4+hyaluronan groups ( P = .009; P = .03) presented decreased IL-1β levels. Conclusion: All groups exhibited significant cartilage degeneration after DMM surgery. However, animals treated with rhPRG4 had the least amount of cartilage damage and less inflammation, providing evidence that intra-articular injections of rhPRG4 may slow the progression of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Clinical Relevance: Patients with meniscal trauma are at high risk for posttraumatic osteoarthritis. This study demonstrates that an intra-articular injection regimen of rhPRG4 may attenuate cartilage damage after meniscal injury.
From Freire to Feminism: The North American Experience with Critical Pedagogy
Authors: Cunningham Phyllis M. 
Published: January 2017

Archer, D., & Costello P. (1990). Literacy and Power: The Latin American Battleground. London: Earthscan Publications. Chene, A., & Chervin, M. (1991). Popular Education in Quebec. Washington, DC: American Association for Adult Continuing Education. Collins, M. (1991). Adult Education as Vocation: A Critical Role for the Adult Educator in Today's Society. London: Routledge Hart, M. (1991). Working and Education for Life. London: Routledge. Mezirow, J. (1991). Transformative Dimensions of Adult Learning. San Francisco: Jossey Bass. Shor, I., & Frerie, P. (1987). A Pedagogy for Liberation: Dialogues on Transforming Educators. Massachusetts: Bergin and Garvey.
Weight Management Behaviors Among Mexican American Youth: Cross-Sectional Variation by Timing of Growth and Maturation
Authors: Gay Jennifer L. , Monsma Eva V. , Hein Katie Darby 
Published: January 2017

Purpose: To assess the association between growth and maturation with weight management behaviors (WMBs) among Mexican American youth. Design: A cross-sectional design was used to measure timing of growth and maturation as well as WMBs. Sample: Students were recruited through physical education classes in south Texas schools. The sample included 623 participants (52.3% female; 49.8% with weight ≥85th percentile) in grades 4 through 12. Students in middle school were purposely oversampled to examine questions around timing of growth and maturation. Measures: Growth was measured as maturity offset, an estimate of age at peak height velocity (PHV). Maturity offset is derived from chronological age, height, and sitting height measurements. Participants were classified as pre-PHV or post-PHV. Girls also were categorized as premenarche or early, average, or late maturing based on age at menarche. Weight was measured to calculate body mass index (BMI) percentile. Weight management behavior and timing of menarche were self-reported via a survey. Analysis: Descriptive characteristics were calculated for boys and girls separately. χ2 Tests of proportion were used to test WMB by BMI percentile. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the likelihood of engaging in WMB by maturity offset and, for girls, timing of menarche. Results: Students with weight ≥85th percentile were more likely to describe themselves as overweight and report trying to lose weight through exercise or calorie restriction ( P < .0001). A 1-year increase in maturity offset was associated with youth being 31% more likely to perceive themselves as overweight but less likely to report calorie restriction (odds ratio [OR] = 0.87). Average maturing girls were more likely than premenarcheal girls to exercise, restrict calories, or fast to lose weight (OR = 3.27, 2.11, and 3.27, respectively). Conclusion: Mexican American youth are engaging in WMB, even when their weight status is <85th percentile. The appropriateness of weight management counseling may need to consider a child’s stage of growth.
The Risk Adjusted Return on Indian Central Public Sector Enterprises
Authors: Duppati Geeta , Locke Stuart 
Published: January 2017

This paper presents an empirical examination of financial performance and governance of 84 Indian Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs). Currently, most CPSEs are 100% owned by Government of India; however, there are a few which are listed on the Stock Exchange. The shareholding for the listed CPSEs includes both public holders and other CPSEs which acquire significant blocks. The Government of India (GOI) has signalled an intention not to reduce its own holding below 51% and this is well below the average holding which is currently above 80%. As the GOI pursues an active campaign to raise funds through further sales of shareholdings this study is timely in considering the returns achieved and whether the governance structures put in place have impacted on the returns of CPSEs.
Companies Act 2013: Changed Approach to Regulate in Vicissitude Corporate and Economic Scenario
Authors: Kumar Abhishek 
Published: January 2017

Enactment of new company legislation, Companies Act, 2013 requires us to understand the core essence and intent of legislators in replacing the Companies Act, 1956. This research article has traced the development of Company�s law in India from the very beginning i.e. right from the enactment of the Companies Act in 1913 to the existing law today. The objective of this study is to examine the regulatory reach of the new company law and its transformation from �Merit Based Regulation� to �Disclosure Based regulations�. The paper urges that extant merit-based 1956 Act is deficient and a potential road block to sustainable economic development in a highly competitive and globally integrated environment, flawed with regulatory gaps and therefore abused by market participants. The paper is an attempt to find out the appropriateness of shifting to �Disclosure Based Regulations� the basic philosophy behind the New Company Law. The research suggests that the new companies Act, 2013 cater to the needs of the present economic scenario and has the potential to stimulus progress.
Prevalence and clinical correlates of chlamydia infection in youth who use drugs and alcohol: a good opportunity for early intervention
Authors: Akosile Wole , McDermott Brett M 
Published: January 2017

Aims: This study estimates the prevalence of chlamydia infection amongst teenage substance users aged 14–18years and investigates risk factors associated with a positive diagnosis of chlamydia infection. Methods: Data was collected from the medical files of adolescents who attended a statewide drug and alcohol treatment facility during a three-year period commencing June 2011. Results: The highest rate of chlamydia detection (18.0%) was found in the group with a reported history of abuse, a non-substance use psychiatric diagnosis, and individuals who did not complete year 10 education. Conclusion: Adolescents attending a detoxification facility are a suitable group for targeted chlamydia infection screening and early treatment.
Into the Big Wide World: Sustainable Experiential Education for the 21st Century
Authors: Higgins Peter 
Published: January 2017

This paper considers the complexity of learning and decision-making in modern society and argues that experiential education should embrace this complexity. It argues that experiential programmes should provide independent learning experiences that address the capacities of learners, the value contexts in which they learn, and that taking responsibility for actions should be an important programme focus. Furthermore, realising the limitations to learning through direct experience recognises the role of critical reflection on knowledge, understanding, and personal decision-making. To make experiential education relevant to the needs of modern society, a focus on education about and action on the big issues of the day, (e.g., global climate change) is an imperative that outdoor educators are well equipped to address. However, action requires knowledge, and therefore programmes require content. Such an approach may prove attractive to educational policy makers and represents an opportunity for experiential education to contribute meaningfully to mainstream education.
Development of a Scale to Measure Directive Guidance by Pharmacists
Authors: Gupchup Gireesh V , Wolfgang Alan P , Thomas Joseph 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To develop and test a questionnaire that can be used to measure directive guidance behaviors by pharmacists. QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN: The Purdue Pharmacist Directive Guidance (PPDG) scale was developed based on the directive guidance dimension of socially supportive behaviors, as described by Barrera and Ainlay. The final scale consists of 10 items. SUBJECTS: Individuals on the Walker Test Crew database who were 18 years of age or older and self-reported taking medications for asthma, hypertension, and/or diabetes in the past 3 months were eligible for inclusion. All data were collected through telephone interviews. A total of 464 contacts were made, resulting in 300 responses. DATA ANALYSIS: Principal components analysis was performed to determine the construct subscales of the PPDG. Internal consistency of the PPDG and its subscales was assessed using Cronbach's alpha and corrected item-total correlations. Pearson product-moment correlations of the PPDG with measures of family and friend support (FFS) and self-reported medication adherence were used to determine convergent validity. Spearman rank-order correlations of the PPDG with the total number of prescription medications as well as those for asthma, hypertension, and diabetes taken in the past 3 months were obtained. ANOVA and Student's t-tests were used to determine differences in PPDG across demographic characteristics. RESULTS: Principal components analysis yielded two subscales for the PPDG. These were named Instruction and Feedback and Goal Setting, based on their content. The PPDG scale had good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.86), and correlated positively and significantly with FFS (r = 0.27), giving some evidence of convergent validity. The PPDG scale and its subscales also had logically intuitive positive and significant correlations with the total number of prescription drugs taken in the past 3 months. CONCLUSIONS: The PPDG is short and easy to administer, and showed validity and reliability. The PPDG scale should be useful in developing a better understanding of the process by which pharmacists influence healthcare outcomes, assessing variations in pharmaceutical care, and as a tool in identifying means of overcoming barriers to higher levels of pharmaceutical care.
Anticoagulant Therapy Monitoring with International Normalized Ratio at us Academic Health Centers
Authors: Yim Josephine M , Albers Gregory W , Vlasses Peter H 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of incorporation of international normalized ratio (INR) reporting in US academic hospitals. DESIGN: Survey of academic hospital clinical laboratories in January 1995. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Fifty-eight academic hospital clinical laboratories at institutions that are members of the University HealthSystem Consortium. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The methods for monitoring oral anticoagulant therapy at the surveyed laboratories were determined. The extent of reporting of prothrombin time (PT), PT ratio, INR, and INR therapeutic range was determined. RESULTS: All 58 of the responding hospital clinical laboratories reported INR in patients receiving oral anticoagulation. The median length of time that hospitals had been reporting INR was 24 months (range 3–108). A majority of hospitals continued to report PT values (95%) and PT reference ranges (93%) in addition to INR. Therapeutic INR ranges were reported by only 25 of the laboratories (43%). Of those that report INR ranges, many follow the published recommendations by the American College of Chest Physicians and the Food and Drug Administration. A majority of the hospitals (79%) do not confirm the accuracy of the international sensitivity index (ISI) for their own analyzers. CONCLUSIONS: Contrary to previous reports, academic hospital clinical laboratories have now adopted the more accurate system of reporting INR values in addition to PT values in patients receiving oral anticoagulation. However, better reporting of INR ranges, use of more sensitive thromboplastins, and confirmation of the accuracy of the ISI for local analyses would further improve the monitoring of oral anticoagulation.
Neuroleptics in Acute Mania: A Pharmacoepidemiologic Study
Authors: Chou James C-Y , Zito Julie Magno , Vitrai Jozsef , Craig Thomas J , Allingham Baerbel H , Czobor Pal 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To provide an epidemiologic descriptive analysis of the acute drug treatment of inpatients with bipolar mania in state psychiatric facilities in 1990. METHODS: We surveyed the first 3 weeks of drug treatment of all inpatients with bipolar mania who were admitted to 22 New York State adult psychiatric facilities during a 6-month period (n = 528). RESULTS: Almost all patients with mania were treated with neuroleptics. The mean ± SD neuroleptic dosage was 684 ± 543 mg/d chlorpromazine equivalents. Sixty-one percent of the patients received lithium and 12% received carbamazepine or valproate. Neuroleptic dosage was related to age, with older patients receiving lower dosages. Patients receiving combination treatment of a neuroleptic with either lithium, an anticonvulsant, or a benzodiazepine received a mean neuroleptic dosage similar to that of patients treated with a neuroleptic alone. CONCLUSIONS: Although their use has been widely discouraged for mood disorders, neuroleptics have been the standard treatment for acute mania.
Potential Interaction between Warfarin and Dicloxacillin
Authors: Mailloux Allan T , Gidal Barry E , Sorkness Christine A 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To report a case and retrospective review of seven patients who experienced a decrease in prothrombin time during concomitant administration of warfarin and dicloxacillin. CASE SUMMARY: A 41-year-old man receiving warfarin 22 mg/wk with a final baseline prothrombin time (PT) of 20.7 sec was prescribed dicloxacillin 500 mg qid for 10 days. Plasma collected for PT determinations was also used to measure trough warfarin R-and S- enantiomer concentrations. The PT and S- and R-warfarin concentrations decreased 17%, 25%, and 20%, respectively, on day 5 after initiation of dicloxacillin. For the retrospective review, the mean PT decreased 17.0% (range 10.5–25.9%) as soon as 4 days after the initiation of dicloxacillin. DISCUSSION: Our observations, which are consistent with those of two previously published reports, suggest a close temporal relationship between the administration of dicloxacillin and a decreased anticoagulant effect of warfarin. Limited data from our patient further suggest that this may result from declines in systemic warfarin concentrations. The time course of the fall of PTs appears to occur within 4–5 days; return of the PT to baseline after dicloxacillin administration is stopped appears to take up to 3 weeks. Until further controlled studies are conducted to confirm this interaction, clinicians should be aware that patients may be at risk for a decreased anticoagulant effect of warfarin when dicloxacillin is given concomitantly. CONCLUSIONS: Careful monitoring of international normalized ratios and titration of the warfarin dosage is recommended on initiation and for 3 weeks after discontinuation of dicloxacillin in patients receiving warfarin.
Lansoprazole: A Proton Pump Inhibitor
Authors: Garnett William R 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the published data on lansoprazole, a proton pump inhibitor approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in the treatment of duodenal ulcer, erosive esophagitis, and pathologic hypersecretory conditions (e.g., Zollinger-Ellison syndrome). DATA SOURCES: Published data on lansoprazole identified by MEDLINE searches (1985–1996), as well as other pertinent literature. STUDY SELECTION: Clinical efficacy trials discussed were limited to multicenter, double-blind, parallel group, prospective studies, where possible. DATA SYNTHESIS: Lansoprazole inhibits gastric acid secretion via inhibition of gastric hydrogen/potassium adenosine triphosphatase (H+,K+-ATPase), an enzyme of the gastric parietal cell membrane that forms part of the proton pump that performs the final step in the acid secretory process. Lansoprazole binds covalently to parietal cell H+,K+-ATPase, rendering it nonfunctional and inhibiting the secretion of gastric acid. In clinical trials, lansoprazole has been shown to be more effective than placebo and standard doses of histamine (H)2-receptor antagonists and as effective as standard doses of omeprazole for the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug—induced lesions. CONCLUSIONS: Lansoprazole is safe and effective for the treatment of acid-related disorders. It is more effective than the H2-receptor antagonists and comparable to omeprazole for these indications. The choice between lansoprazole and omeprazole is likely to be institution-specific and pharmacoeconomic.
Studies Evaluating High-Dose Acyclovir, Intravenous Immune Globulin, and Cytomegalovirus Hyperimmunoglobulin for Prophylaxis against Cytomegalovirus in Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Dickinson Benjamin I , Gora-Harper Mary Lea , McCraney Scott A , Gosland Michael 
Published: January 2017

OBJECTIVE: To describe the epidemiology and pathogenesis of cytomegalovirus (CMV) and critically analyze the studies evaluating the cost, safety, and efficacy of high-dose acyclovir, intravenous immune globulin (IVIG), and CMV hyperimmunoglobulin (CMVIG) for prophylaxis against CMV in kidney transplant recipients. DATA SOURCES: Appropriate articles were identified by searching MEDLINE. Various combinations of the following medical subject heading terms were used: immunoglobulins, intravenous; acyclovir; CMVIG; CMV infections; kidney transplantation; IVIG; and prophylaxis. STUDY SELECTION: Studies evaluating or discussing the cost, safety, and efficacy of IVIG, high-dose acyclovir, and CMVIG in kidney transplant recipients were included. DATA EXTRACTION: The data were evaluated with respect to study design, patient population, prophylactic regimen, incidence of CMV complications, investigators' definitions of terminology, and cost analysis. The studies are summarized in tables and discussed in the text. DATA SYNTHESIS: The definitions of terminology used by the investigators varied widely among studies. The studies were reviewed and discussed using the following definitions: CMV infection was the presence of CMV antibodies in a previously CMV-seronegative patient or a fourfold rise in antibody titer after transplantation; CMV syndrome was CMV infection plus unexplained fever, leukopenia, or thrombocytopenia in the absence of an identifiable cause; and CMV disease was CMV syndrome plus pneumonitis, enteritis, retinitis, hepatitis, or central nervous system involvement. CONCLUSIONS: All regimens appear to effectively reduce the incidence of CMV-associated complications compared with placebo. Due to the lack of trials comparing cost, efficacy, and safety, the most effective prophylactic treatment is unknown.
Oral cobalamin supplementation in cats with hypocobalaminaemia: a retrospective study
Authors: Toresson Linda , Steiner Joerg M , Olmedal Gunilla , Larsen MajBritt , Suchodolski Jan S , Spillmann Thomas 
Published: January 2017

Objectives The objective of the study was to evaluate whether oral cobalamin supplementation can restore normocobal-aminaemia in cats with hypocobalaminaemia and clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. Methods This was a retrospective study based on a computerised database search for client-owned cats treated at Evidensia Specialist Animal Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden, during the period December 2013 to August 2016. Inclusion criteria were cats with clinical signs of chronic enteropathy, an initial serum cobalamin concentration ⩽250 pmol/l (reference interval 214–738 pmol/l) and oral treatment with cobalamin tablets. Results Twenty-five cats met the inclusion criteria. The cats were treated with 0.25 mg cyanocobalamin tablets once daily. Serum cobalamin concentration was rechecked 27–94 days after continuous oral cobalamin supplementation. All cats had serum cobalamin concentrations above the reference interval after oral cobalamin supplementation. Median (range) serum cobalamin concentration was 128 pmol/l (111–250 pmol/l) prior to treatment and 2701 pmol/l (738–16,359 pmol/l) after supplementation. This difference was statistically significant ( P <0.0001). Conclusions and relevance Our results suggest that oral cobalamin supplementation is effective in increasing serum cobalamin to supranormal concentrations in cats with hypocobalaminaemia. Thus, oral cobalamin supplementation is a promising alternative to parenteral administration. Prospective comparative studies in cats being treated with parenteral vs oral cobalamin supplementation in a larger number of patients are warranted before oral supplementation can be recommended for routine use.