bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of HbsAg positivity rate before and after vaccination in Turkish and Syrian refugee pregnant women
Authors: İnci Ayşe , Yıldırım Doğukan , Seçkin Kerem Doğa , Gedikbaşı Ali 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: In this study, we aimed to investigate the vaccination rate in Turkish and Syrian pregnant women who gave birth in our hospital, research the difference before and after vaccination, compare these results with other studies conducted in our country and be beneficial to physicians in the follow up of this patient group, who we started to encounter rather frequently in recent months.
Methodology: The data of pregnant women who were referred to Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Education and Research Hospital between January and December 2015 were retrospectively investigated.
Results: A total of 4186 pregnant women, 2158 of Syrian and 2028 of Turkish, were included in this study. The rate of hepatitis B surface antigen (HbsAg) positivity was 1.4% among all pregnant women. This value was found to be 1.8% among Turkish women and 1.1% among Syrian women. Evaluation of age distribution showed that there were 30 Turkish pregnant women born after the inclusion of vaccine into the program (1998 and later), of which one was HbsAg positive. While out of 958 Syrian women born in 1991 and later, 10 were HbsAg positive.
Conclusion: This study shows that the surveillance of hepatitis among pregnant women, including refugees and locals is important to protect fetus and guide in planning of preventive measures such as administration of vaccines and immunoglobulins. Timely prevention may decrease morbidity and mortality caused by hepatitis viruses.
Antimicrobial resistance and integrons of ESBL-producing thermotolerant coliforms from a water reservoir in Tai'an, China
Authors: Zhang Hongna , Zhao Xiaonan , Zhai Zhenzhen , Li Qing , Guo Shuyuan , Chang Weishan 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: The contamination of water environments by extended-spectrum β-lactamases-producing thermotolerant coliforms (ESBL-TC) has aroused public concern. However, little epidemiological data on ESBL-TC isolates from water reservoirs is available in China.
Methodology: This study was designed to investigate antibiotic resistance, bla gene types, and the presence of integrons (class 1, 2, and 3) and gene cassettes in ESBL-TC isolated from the Huangqian Reservoir of Tai'an, China.
Results: A total of 96 non-duplicate ESBL-TC were obtained in this study and the ESBL genes included blaCTX-M-14 (n = 47), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 27), blaCTX-M-55 (n = 18), blaSHV-12 (n = 4), blaCTX-M-3 (n = 3), and blaCTX-M-123 (n = 1). Eighty-three of the ninety-six ESBL-TC contained class 1 integrons (86.5%), and 2 isolates harbored class 2 integrons. The sizes of gene cassette regions within integrons were ranged from 0.2 kb to 3.2 kb.
Conclusions: The findings of this study indicated the widespread presence of ESBL-TC strains in the Huangqian Reservoir and spotlighted the potential role of water bodies as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant genes.
Influenza infections in the 2014–2015 season and pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Ersoy Ali Ozgur , Unlu Serpil , Oztas Efser , Ozler Sibel , Uygur Dilek , Yucel Aykan 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: The most recent influenza season saw a prominent infectious burden over a period of six months in the Turkish capital, reminding observers of the pandemic in 2009 year. The aim of the present study was to investigate the consequences of seasonal outbreaks in pregnant women during the 2014–2015 influenza season.
Methodology: Forty-seven pregnant female patients with symptoms of influenza-like illness who were admitted to tertiary perinatal care center in Ankara, Tukrey, between October 2014 and May 2015 were included in this case-control study. The subtype determination of influenza was performed with real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing. Clinical observations and pregnancy outcomes were compared with respect to subtypes.
Results: Classifications were available for 35 patients, of whom 12 were determined to have influenza A infection, while 10 had influenza B infection. The remaining 13 patients were influenza-negative. Eight of the 22 (36.4%) influenza-positive patients delivered their babies in the preterm period (< 37 weeks). The corresponding rate was 8.3% (1/12) in the influenza-negative group. This difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.077).
Conclusions: Preterm deliveries in pregnant women did not differ significantly among influenza-postive and influenza-negative pregnant women in non-vaccinated study population. Further studies with larger sample sizes may provide more supporting results.
Typhoid perforation in children: an unrelenting plague in developing countries
Authors: Usang Usang Edet , Inyang Akan Wilson , Nwachukwku Ijeoma Esther , Emehute John-Daniel Chibueze 
Published: November 2017

Introduction: Despite global scientific development, typhoid fever and subsequent typhoid perforation have continued to be common in developing countries. The aim of this study was to re-evaluate the pattern of presentation and management outcomes as well as morbidity and mortality of typhoid perforation among children.
Methodology: Children aged 15 years and under with clinical diagnosis of typhoid perforation were retrospectively studied by reviewing their hospital records between January 2006 and December 2015. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed with SPSS using descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test or Cramer’s V for continuous and categorical variables respectively.
Results: 105 children had typhoid fever, 56 (53.3%) of them were diagnosed with typhoid perforation and 49 were confirmed intra-operatively. Of the children, 55.1% (n = 27) were school-aged while the remaining were adolescents; a majority had the classical triad of persistent fever (100%), abdominal pain (100%) and abdominal swelling (93.9%). Anaemia and hypokalaemia were common. The mean time duration for resuscitation was 16 hours (range 6-36 hours). Most perforations were single (n=36, 73.5%). There were more perforations in the school-aged than adolescent children (p = 0.845; V = 0.298). Wound infection (34.7%) was the most frequent morbidity but faecal fistula (10.2%) was most troublesome to manage. Death followed severe sepsis and chest infections in four children (8.2%).
Conclusion: Typhoid perforation continues to cause morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. To stem this endemic disease, community health education and improved living conditions are required.
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 Modulates Cbl-b and Constrains T Cell Activation
Authors: Tran Charles W. , Saibil Samuel D. , Le Bihan Thierry , Hamilton Sara R. , Lang Karl S. , You Han , Lin Amy E. , Garza Kristine M. , Elford Alisha R. , Tai Kelly , Parsons Michael E. , Wigmore Kip , Vainberg Mitchell G. , Penninger Josef M. , Woodgett James R. , Mak Tak W. , Ohashi Pamela S. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The decision between T cell activation and tolerance is governed by the spatial and temporal integration of diverse molecular signals and events occurring downstream of TCR and costimulatory or coinhibitory receptor engagement. The PI3K–protein kinase B (PKB; also known as Akt) signaling pathway is a central axis in mediating proximal signaling events of TCR and CD28 engagement in T cells. Perturbation of the PI3K–PKB pathway, or the loss of negative regulators of T cell activation, such as the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cbl-b, have been reported to lead to increased susceptibility to autoimmunity. In this study, we further examined the molecular pathway linking PKB and Cbl-b in murine models. Our data show that the protein kinase GSK-3, one of the first targets identified for PKB, catalyzes two previously unreported phosphorylation events at Ser476 and Ser480 of Cbl-b. GSK-3 inactivation by PKB abrogates phosphorylation of Cbl-b at these two sites and results in reduced Cbl-b protein levels. We further show that constitutive activation of PKB in vivo results in a loss of tolerance that is mediated through the downregulation of Cbl-b. Altogether, these data indicate that the PI3K–PKB–GSK-3 pathway is a novel regulatory axis that is important for controlling the decision between T cell activation and tolerance via Cbl-b.
Endogenous Calcitriol Synthesis Controls the Humoral IgE Response in Mice
Authors: Lindner Juliane , Rausch Sebastian , Treptow Sandra , Geldmeyer-Hilt Kerstin , Krause Tina , St-Arnaud René , Arabian Alice , Radbruch Andreas , Hartmann Susanne , Worm Margitta , Heine Guido 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The vitamin D receptor participates in the control of IgE class-switch recombination in B cells. The physiologic vitamin D receptor agonist, 1,25(OH)2D3 (calcitriol), is synthesized by the essential enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D3-1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), which can be expressed by activated immune cells. The role of endogenous calcitriol synthesis for the regulation of IgE has not been proven. In this study, we investigated IgE-responses in Cyp27b1-knockout (KO) mice following sensitization to OVA or intestinal infection with Heligmosomoides polygyrus. Specific Igs and plasmablasts were determined by ELISA and ELISpot, Cyp27b1 expression was measured by quantitative PCR. The data show elevated specific IgE and IgG1 concentrations in the blood of OVA-sensitized Cyp27b1-KO mice compared with wild-type littermates (+898 and +219%). Accordingly, more OVA-specific IgG1-secreting cells are present in spleen and fewer in the bone marrow of Cyp27b1-KO mice. Ag-specific mechanisms are suggested as the leucopoiesis is in general unchanged and activated murine B and T lymphocytes express Cyp27b1. Accordingly, elevated specific IgE concentrations in the blood of sensitized T cell–specific Cyp27b1-KO mice support a lymphocyte-driven mechanism. In an independent IgE-inducing model, i.e., intestinal infection with H. polygyrus, we validated the increase of total and specific IgE concentrations of Cyp27b1-KO compared with wild-type mice, but not those of IgG1 or IgA. We conclude that endogenous calcitriol has an impact on the regulation of IgE in vivo. Our data provide genetic evidence supporting previous preclinical and clinical findings and suggest that vitamin D deficiency not only promotes bone diseases but also type I sensitization.
CD27-Mediated Regulatory T Cell Depletion and Effector T Cell Costimulation Both Contribute to Antitumor Efficacy
Authors: Wasiuk Anna , Testa James , Weidlick Jeff , Sisson Crystal , Vitale Laura , Widger Jenifer , Crocker Andrea , Thomas Lawrence J. , Goldstein Joel , Marsh Henry C. , Keler Tibor , He Li-Zhen 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
CD27, a member of the TNFR superfamily, is constitutively expressed in most T cells and plays crucial roles in T cell effector functions. The costimulation and antitumor activity of CD27 agonistic Abs have been well documented in mouse models. Clinical testing of a human IgG1 anti-CD27 Ab, varlilumab (clone 1F5), is ongoing in cancer patients. In this study, we set out to further understand CD27 as an immunomodulatory target and to address the mechanism of antitumor efficacy using different IgG isotypes of 1F5 in human CD27-transgenic mice. 1F5mIgG1, the only isotype engaging inhibitory FcγRIIB expressed in B cells, elicited the most potent and broad immune response, but terminal differentiation, exhaustion, and apoptosis in the activated effector T cells were inevitable. Accordingly, this isotype was the most effective in eradicating BCL1 lymphoma but had limited efficacy in s.c. tumors. Conversely, 1F5mIgG2a, which interacts with cells expressing activating FcγRs, led to moderate immune activation, as well as to prominent reduction in the number and suppressive activity of regulatory T cells. These combined mechanisms imparted potent antitumor activity to 1F5mIgG2a, particularly against the s.c. tumors. 1F5hIgG1, varlilumab, showed balanced agonistic activity that was prominent at lower doses and depleting activity that was greater at higher doses. 1F5hIgG1 had good antitumor activity in all tumor models tested. Thus, both agonist and depleting properties contribute to the antitumor efficacy of CD27-targeted immunotherapy, and modulation of these activities in patients may be achieved by varying the dose and regimen.
PBW Bases and Marginally Large Tableaux in Types B and C
Authors: Criswell Jackson A. , Salisbury Ben , Tingley Peter 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe explicitly describe the isomorphism between two combinatorial realizations of Kashiwara’s infinity crystal in types B and C. The first realization is in terms of marginally large tableaux and the other is in terms of Kostant partitions coming from PBW bases. We also discuss a stack notation for Kostant partitions which simplifies that realization.
El uso del clickbait en cibermedios de los 28 países de la Unión Europea
Authors: García Orosa Berta , Gallur Santorun Santiago , López García Xosé 
Published: November 2017

Se analiza el «clickbait», una de las últimas estrategias de los medios para mantener al receptor en su página con valores extraperiodísticos. Metodología. Se procede a estudiar los titulares exteriores e interiores de periódicos generalistas de los 28 países de la Unión Europea. Resultados. Las principales consecuencias del uso del «clickbait» son que el titular se convierte en un elemento clave para persuadir al receptor. Discusión. Visto lo anterior se confirma el uso del «clickbait» en la mayoría de los textos analizados en detrimento de los valores periodísticos tradicionales de selección y edición de titulares. Conclusiones. Al final encontramos que los cibermedios de los 28 países que conforman la UE no provocan el clic a través de contenidos de calidad sino, en casi la mitad de los casos, a través de la creación de suspense, curiosidad, emoción o enfoques escabrosos de los temas en los titulares de primera página.
Comparison of the Furcation Involvement by Clinical Probing and Cone Beam Computed Tomography with True Level of Involvement during Flap Surgery
Authors: Aghanashini Suchetha , Mundinamane Darshan B , Bhat Divya , Jayachandran Chitra , Nadiger Sapna , Andavarapu Spandana 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the clinical probing and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging technique for examination of the furcation involvement with the true level of involvement seen during open flap surgery (OFS).

Materials and methods
The study included 22 patients (50 molar teeth) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria with at least one molar tooth with grade II or III furcation involvement. After phase I therapy, furcation involvement was measured using both clinical probing and CBCT imaging technique. The measurements obtained during the OFS were then compared with those obtained by clinical probing and CBCT. To avoid bias, the assessments of furcation involvement by all three techniques were done by three different examiners.

Results
The agreement in the furcation gradings between clinical and CBCT findings gave a Cohen Kappa value of 0.03 [statistically insignificant (p = 0.80)] and between clinical and open surgical measurements gave a Cohen Kappa value of 0.11 [statistically insignificant (p = 0.38)]. However, agreement in the furcation gradings between CBCT and open surgical measurements gave a Cohen Kappa value of 0.89 and it was statistically significant (p = 0.001).

Conclusion
Thus, the results indicated that there was the highest agreement between measurements obtained using CBCT imaging technique and true level of involvement seen during OFS (89%) when compared to clinical and OFS measurements (11%) and clinical and CBCT measurements (3%).

Clinical significance
Thus, CBCT can be considered as an efficient diagnostic tool to accurately assess osseous defects at furcation sites when compared to clinical probing.

How to cite this article
Aghanashini S, Jayachandran C, Mundinamane DB, Nadiger S, Bhat D, Andavarapu S. Comparison of the Furcation Involvement by Clinical Probing and Cone Beam Computed Tomography with True Level of Involvement during Flap Surgery. World J Dent 2017;8(4):267-272.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Emergency Management of Tooth Avulsion among Medical Students in Melaka, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Varghese Eby , Zhen-Ying Jillian N , Law Li L , Samson Renu S , Soe Htoo HK 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Dentofacial injuries are usually the result of sporting activities, falls at home, road traffic accidents, fights, or intentional assaults. Tooth avulsion among the victims of such accidents is quite common. Soon after the accident, most victims seek help from medical professionals.

Aim
This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of emergency management of avulsed teeth among medical students in Melaka, Malaysia, and the need to include dental trauma emergency management as a part of their undergraduate training.

Materials and methods
A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among medical students to gather data on their profile and self-assessed perceived knowledge of dental avulsion and its emergency management.

Results
Of the 190 students, 187 (98.4%) had low knowledge and 3 (1.6%) had some knowledge on the emergency management of tooth avulsion.

Conclusion
Medical students in Melaka have low knowledge regarding dental avulsion and its emergency management. Therefore, it is recommended to introduce dental trauma emergency management as a part of their undergraduate training.

Clinical significance
Introducing dental trauma emergency management as a part of the medical curriculum can help educate and train the students to be competent future medical professionals with sound knowledge on first-aid management of avulsed teeth. They would be able to act efficiently and effectively, thereby reducing the extra-alveolar time and, hence, contributing to the better prognosis of such teeth.

How to cite this article
Varghese E, Zhen-Ying JN, Law LL, Samson RS, Soe HHK. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Emergency Management of Tooth Avulsion among Medical Students in Melaka, Malaysia: A Cross-sectional Study. World J Dent 2017;8(4):273-280.
Effects of temperature on the composition and diversity of bacterial communities in bamboo soils at different elevations
Authors: Lin Yu-Te , Jia Zhongjun , Wang Dongmei , Chiu Chih-Yu 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Bamboo is an important resource distributed in mountain areas in Asia. Little is known about the impact of temperature changes on bamboo soil bacterial communities. In this study, responses of bacterial communities collected at 600, 1200, and 1800 m to different incubation temperatures (15, 20, and 35 °C) were examined using barcoded pyrosequencing and soil analyses. Soil respiration was greater at higher elevation and incubation temperature. The bacterial diversity decreased after 112 days of incubation at 35 °C. Before incubation, Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria were the most abundant phyla in all communities. The relative abundance of Acidobacteria generally decreased after 112 days of incubation at the three temperatures. α-Proteobacteria showed a similar trend, while γ-Proteobacteria increased after incubation, except in samples from 1800 m incubated at 35 °C. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis revealed structural variability under different incubation times and temperatures. Principal component analysis indicated that the bacterial structure in samples incubated at 35 °C correlated with temperature and soil respiration, while structures in samples incubated at 15 and 20 °C correlated with time. These results suggest that a temperature rise could result in increasing soil respiration and soluble carbon and nitrogen consumption as well as differentially influence bacterial diversity and structure at different elevations.
Impact of ENSO regimes on developing- and decaying-phase precipitation during rainy season in China
Authors: Cao Qing , Hao Zhenchun , Yuan Feifei , Su Zhenkuan , Berndtsson Ronny , Hao Jie , Nyima Tsring 
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study investigated the influence of five El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) types on rainy-season precipitation in China: central Pacific warming (CPW), eastern Pacific cooling (EPC), eastern Pacific warming (EPW), conventional ENSO and ENSO Modoki. The multi-scale moving t test was applied to determine the onset and withdrawal of rainy season. Results showed that the precipitation anomaly can reach up to 30 % above average precipitation during decaying CPW and EPW phases. Developing EPW could cause decreasing precipitation over large areas in China with 10–30 % lower than average precipitation in most areas. Conventional El Niño in the developing phase had the largest influence on ENSO-related precipitation among developing ENSO and ENSO Modoki regimes. Decaying ENSO also showed a larger effect on precipitation anomalies, compared to decaying ENSO Modoki. The difference between rainy-season precipitation under various ENSO regimes may be attributed to the combined influence of anti-cyclone in the western North Pacific and the Indian monsoon. Stronger monsoon and anti-cyclone are associated with enhanced rainy-season precipitation. The results suggest a certain predictability of rainy-season precipitation related to ENSO regimes.