bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated analysis of microRNA and mRNA expression profiles highlights the complex and dynamic behavior of toosendanin-induced liver injury in mice
Authors: Lu Xiaoyan , Ji Cai , Tong Wei , Lian Xueping , Wu Ying , Fan Xiaohui , Gao Yue 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTriterpenoid Toosendanin (TSN) exhibits a plenty of pharmacological effects in human and great values in agriculture. However, the hepatotoxicity caused by TSN or Melia-family plants containing TSN used in traditional Chinese medicine has been reported and the mechanisms of TSN-induced liver injury (TILI) still remain largely unknown. In this study, the dose- and time-dependent effects of TSN on mice liver were investigated by an integrated microRNA-mRNA approach as well as the general toxicological assessments. As the results, the dose- and time-dependent liver injury and alterations in global microRNA and mRNA expressions were detected. Particularly, 9-days 80 mg/kg TSN exposure caused most serious liver injury in mice and the hepatic adaptation to TILI was unexpectedly observed after 21-days 80 mg/kg TSN administration. Based on the pathway analysis of the intersections between predicted targets of differentially expressed microRNAs and differentially expressed mRNAs at three time points, it revealed that TILI may be caused by glutathione depletion, mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid dysmetabolism, ultimately leading to hepatocytes necrosis in liver, while liver regeneration may play an important role in the hepatic adaptation to TILI. Our results demonstrated that the integrated microRNA−mRNA approach could provide new insight into the complex and dynamic behavior of TILI.
The Impact of Li Grain Size on Coulombic Efficiency in Li Batteries
Authors: Mehdi B. Layla , Stevens Andrew , Qian Jiangfeng , Park Chiwoo , Xu Wu , Henderson Wesley A. , Zhang Ji-Guang , Mueller Karl T. , Browning Nigel D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOne of the most promising means to increase the energy density of state-of-the-art lithium Li-ion batteries is to replace the graphite anode with a Li metal anode. While the direct use of Li metal may be highly advantageous, at present its practical application is limited by issues related to dendrite growth and low Coulombic efficiency, CE. Here operando electrochemical scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) is used to directly image the deposition/stripping of Li at the anode-electrolyte interface in a Li-based battery. A non-aqueous electrolyte containing small amounts of H2O as an additive results in remarkably different deposition/stripping properties as compared to the “dry” electrolyte when operated under identical electrochemical conditions. The electrolyte with the additive deposits more Li during the first cycle, with the grain sizes of the Li deposits being significantly larger and more variable. The stripping of the Li upon discharge is also more complete, i.e., there is a higher cycling CE. This suggests that larger grain sizes are indicative of better performance by leading to more uniform Li deposition and an overall decrease in the formation of Li dendrites and side reactions with electrolyte components, thus potentially paving the way for the direct use of Li metal in battery technologies.
Room-temperature near-infrared up-conversion lasing in single-crystal Er-Y chloride silicate nanowires
Authors: Ye Rui , Xu Chao , Wang Xingjun , Cui Jishi , Zhou Zhiping 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNear-infrared up-conversion lasing in erbium(Er)-yttrium(Y) chloride silicate nanowires was demonstrated when pumped by 1476 nm laser at room temperature. The emission covers a very wide wavelength range (400–1000 nm). A clear threshold for 985 nm peak was observed at a launched average pump power of approximately 7 mW. Above threshold, the intensity increases linearly when turning up the pump power. The full width at half maximum at 985 nm decreases from 1.25 nm to 0.25 nm when reducing the measurement temperature from 30 K to 7 K, which is the narrowest linewidth of 980 nm micro-lasers to date. Our demonstration presents a possible novel method of utilizing up-conversion mechanism in Er-Y nanowire to achieve tunable near-infrared laser, which breaks new ground in the exploration of nanoscale optoelectronic devices operating at near-infrared wavelength.
Rapid genomic changes in allopolyploids of Carassius auratus red var. (♀) × Megalobrama amblycephala (♂)
Authors: Qin Qinbo , Lai Zhengfa , Cao Liu , Xiao Qiong , Wang YuDe , Liu Shaojun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo better understand genomic changes in the early generations after polyploidisation, we examined the chromosomal consequences of genomic merger in allotetraploid hybrids (4 nF1) (AABB, 4n = 148) of Carassius auratus red var. (RCC) (AA, 2n = 100) (♀) × Megalobrama amblycephala (BSB) (BB, 2n = 48) (♂). Complete loss of the paternal 5S rDNA sequence and the expected number of maternal chromosomal loci were found in 4 nF1, suggesting directional genomic changes occurred in the first generations after polyploidisation. Recent studies have reported instability of newly established allotetraploid genomes. To assess this in the newly formed 4 nF1 genome, we performed fluorescence in situ hybridisation on an allotetraploid gynogenetic hybrid (4 nG) (AABB, 4n = 148) and an allopentaploid hybrid (5 nH) (AABBB, 5n = 172) from 4 nF1 (♀) × BSB (♂) with 5S rDNA gene and centromere probes from RCC, the original diploid parent. The expected numbers of maternal chromosomal loci were found in 4 nG, while chromosomal locus deletions and chromosome recombinations were detected in 5 nH. These observations suggest that abnormal meiosis did not lead to obvious genomic changes in the newly established allotetraploid genomes, but hybridisation with the original diploid parent resulted in obvious genomic changes in the newly established allotetraploid genomes, as was found for the maternal genome.
Dissection of brassinosteroid-regulated proteins in rice embryos during germination by quantitative proteomics
Authors: Li Qian-Feng , Xiong Min , Xu Peng , Huang Li-Chun , Zhang Chang-Quan , Liu Qiao-Quan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBrassinosteroids (BRs), essential plant-specific steroidal hormones, function in a wide spectrum of plant growth and development events, including seed germination. Rice is not only a monocotyledonous model plant but also one of the most important staple food crops of human beings. Rice seed germination is a decisive event for the next-generation of plant growth and successful seed germination is critical for rice yield. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms on how BR modulates seed germination in rice. In the present study, we used isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) based proteomic approach to study BR-regulated proteome during the early stage of seed germination. The results showed that more than 800 BR-responsive proteins were identified, including 88 reliable target proteins responsive to stimuli of both BR-deficiency and BR-insensitivity. Moreover, 90% of the 88 target proteins shared a similar expression change pattern. Gene ontology and string analysis indicated that ribosomal structural proteins, as well as proteins involved in protein biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolisms were highly clustered. These findings not only enrich BR-regulated protein database in rice seeds, but also allow us to gain novel insights into the molecular mechanism of BR regulated seed germination.
GDF11 improves tubular regeneration after acute kidney injury in elderly mice
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Qinggang , Liu Dong , Huang Qi , Cai Guangyan , Cui Shaoyuan , Sun Xuefeng , Chen Xiangmei 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe GDF11 expression pattern and its effect on organ regeneration after acute injury in the elderly population are highly controversial topics. In our study, GDF11/8 expression increased after kidney ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI), and the relatively lower level of GDF11/8 in the kidneys of aged mice was associated with a loss of proliferative capacity and a decline in renal repair, compared to young mice. In vivo, GDF11 supplementation in aged mice increased vimentin and Pax2 expression in the kidneys as well as the percentage of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU)-positive proximal tubular epithelial cells. GDF11 improved the renal repair, recovery of renal function, and survival of elderly mice at 72 h after IRI. Moreover, the addition of recombinant GDF11 to primary renal epithelial cells increased proliferation, migration, and dedifferentiation by upregulating the ERK1/2 pathway in vitro. Our study indicates that GDF11/8 in the kidney decreases with age and that GDF11 can increase tubular cell dedifferentiation and proliferation as well as improve tubular regeneration after acute kidney injury (AKI) in old mice.
Genes implicated in thiopurine-induced toxicity: Comparing TPMT enzyme activity with clinical phenotype and exome data in a paediatric IBD cohort
Authors: Coelho Tracy , Andreoletti Gaia , Ashton James J. , Batra Akshay , Afzal Nadeem Ahmad , Gao Yifang , Williams Anthony P. , Beattie Robert M. , Ennis Sarah 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of our study was to assess the utility of next generation sequencing (NGS) for predicting toxicity and clinical response to thiopurine drugs in paediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Exome data for 100 patients were assessed against biochemically measured TPMT enzyme activity, clinical response and adverse effects. The TPMT gene and a panel of 15 other genes implicated in thiopurine toxicity were analysed using a gene based statistical test (SKAT-O test). Nine patients out of 100 (Crohn’s disease- 67, ulcerative colitis- 23 and IBDU-10) had known TPMT mutations associated with deficient enzyme activity. A novel and a highly pathogenic TPMT variant not detectable through standard genotyping, was identified through NGS in an individual intolerant to thiopurines. Of the 14 patients intolerant to thiopurines, NGS identified deleterious TPMT variants in 5 individuals whereas the biochemical test identified 8 individuals as intolerant (sensitivity 35.7% and 57.14%; specificity 93.75% and 50% respectively). SKAT-O test identified a significant association between MOCOS gene and TPMT activity (p = 0.0015), not previously reported. Although NGS has the ability to detect rare or novel variants not otherwise identified through standard genotyping, it demonstrates no clear advantage over the biochemical test in predicting toxicity in our modest cohort.
Cold tolerance and silencing of three cold-tolerance genes of overwintering Chinese white pine larvae
Authors: Wang Juan , Zhang Ran-Ran , Gao Guan-Qun , Ma Ming-Yuan , Chen Hui 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe values of physiological indices and the enzymes activities involved in the overwintering stage were studied in D. armandi larvae in each month from October 2014 to March 2015. The sorbitol, trehalose and glycerol values initially tended to increase as the ambient temperature decreased, before declining until the end of the winter. The activities of four enzymes (SOD, CAT, LDH and AchE) decreased, whereas POD, PK and MDH showed opposite trends in activity. Other enzyme activities (those of TPS, SDH and GLK) were low during the overwintering period and later increased and stabilized during spring. In this study, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) genes of SDH, TPS and GLK was utilized to identify DarmSDH, DarmTPS and DarmGLK in D. armandi. They were found to be abundantly expressed during the overwintering stage by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analyses; by contrast, these three genes showed higher expression levels in December 2014 than in May 2015. The qRT-PCR results demonstrated that the reduction of mRNA expression levels was significant in DarmSDH-, DarmTPS- and DarmGLK-dsRNA-treated D. armandi compared with water-injected and non-injected controls. The mortality responses at low temperature were also increased in the dsRNA-treated D. armandi compared with the controls.
Preserved implicit mentalizing in schizophrenia despite poor explicit performance: evidence from eye tracking
Authors: Roux Paul , Smith Pauline , Passerieux Christine , Ramus Franck 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSchizophrenia has been characterized by an impaired mentalizing. It has been suggested that distinguishing implicit from explicit processes is crucial in social cognition, and only the latter might be affected in schizophrenia. Two other questions remain open: (1) Is schizophrenia characterized by an hypo- or hyper attribution of intentions? (2) Is it characterized by a deficit in the attribution of intention or of contingency? To test these three questions, spontaneous mentalizing was tested in 29 individuals with schizophrenia and 29 control subjects using the Frith-Happé animations, while eye movements were recorded. Explicit mentalizing was measured from participants’ verbal descriptions and was contrasted with implicit mentalizing measured through eye tracking. As a group, patients made less accurate and less intentional descriptions of the goal-directed and theory of mind animations. No group differences were found in the attribution of contingency. Eye tracking results revealed that patients and controls showed a similar modulation of eye movements in response to the mental states displayed in the Frith-Happé animations. To conclude, in this paradigm, participants with schizophrenia showed a dissociation between explicit and implicit mentalizing, with a decrease in the explicit attribution of intentions, whereas their eye movements suggested a preserved implicit perception of intentions.
Novel population of small tumour-initiating stem cells in the ovaries of women with borderline ovarian cancer
Authors: Virant-Klun Irma , Stimpfel Martin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSmall stem cells with diameters of up to 5 μm previously isolated from adult human ovaries indicated pluripotency and germinal lineage, especially primordial germ cells, and developed into primitive oocyte-like cells in vitro. Here, we show that a comparable population of small stem cells can be found in the ovarian tissue of women with borderline ovarian cancer, which, in contrast to small stem cells in “healthy” ovaries, formed spontaneous tumour-like structures and expressed some markers related to pluripotency and germinal lineage. The gene expression profile of these small putative cancer stem cells differed from similar cells sorted from “healthy” ovaries by 132 upregulated and 97 downregulated genes, including some important forkhead box and homeobox genes related to transcription regulation, developmental processes, embryogenesis, and ovarian cancer. These putative cancer stem cells are suggested to be a novel population of ovarian tumour-initiating cells in humans.
Black carbon solar absorption suppresses turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer
Authors: Wilcox Eric M. , Thomas Rick M. , Praveen Puppala S. , Pistone Kristina , Bender Frida A.-M. , Ramanathan Veerabhadran 
Published: October 2016

Significance
The cooling effect of aerosols on climate and the modification of clouds by aerosols have been widely debated, because quantifying their effects is important for constraining current climate change. Here we present measurements of turbulence from unmanned aerial vehicles. We find that absorption of sunlight by black carbon (BC) aerosols suppresses turbulence in the lower atmosphere, with important consequences for the environmental impacts of BC emissions from anthropogenic fossil fuel and biomass burning. A mechanism is proposed that links the suppressed turbulence to taller clouds. These results highlight the importance of understanding and observing the role of turbulence in studies of aerosol impacts on clouds. Suppressed turbulence also exacerbates the visibility and human health impacts of pollution.
Sustained antigen availability during germinal center initiation enhances antibody responses to vaccination
Authors: Tam Hok Hei , Melo Mariane B. , Kang Myungsun , Pelet Jeisa M. , Ruda Vera M. , Foley Maria H. , Hu Joyce K. , Kumari Sudha , Crampton Jordan , Baldeon Alexis D. , Sanders Rogier W. , Moore John P. , Crotty Shane , Langer Robert , Anderson Daniel G. , Chakraborty Arup K. , Irvine Darrell J. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
We explored the effect of nontraditional vaccine dosing profiles on antibody titers of vaccines and discovered that certain dosing profiles demonstrate >10-fold higher antibody production than the traditional single-dose prime–boost method. We also present a computational model that captures the experimental results and provides a mechanistic understanding of the biology behind the effectiveness of our strategy. This work has clinical significance in vaccine design because it is a simple method to increase the efficacy of subunit vaccines, which may lead to the development of efficacious vaccines for diseases such as HIV.
Nonlinear two-dimensional terahertz photon echo and rotational spectroscopy in the gas phase
Authors: Lu Jian , Zhang Yaqing , Hwang Harold Y. , Ofori-Okai Benjamin K. , Fleischer Sharly , Nelson Keith A. 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Molecular rotations of small molecules provide a useful testbed for examining light−matter interactions with quantum mechanical systems, but the methods of modern spectroscopy have been largely unavailable in the terahertz frequency range where most of the rotational states that are thermally populated at ordinary temperatures absorb light. Applying a pair of strong terahertz pulses, we excite molecular rotations coherently, interrogate thermally populated rotational states, manipulate the rotational motions nonlinearly, and observe connections between different rotational states spectroscopically. The method is applicable to polar molecules in flames and other reactive conditions, and it enables enhanced control over molecular motion with light.
Mutational landscape of
EGFR-
,
MYC-
, and
Kras-
driven genetically engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: McFadden David G. , Politi Katerina , Bhutkar Arjun , Chen Frances K. , Song Xiaoling , Pirun Mono , Santiago Philip M. , Kim-Kiselak Caroline , Platt James T. , Lee Emily , Hodges Emily , Rosebrock Adam P. , Bronson Roderick T. , Socci Nicholas D. , Hannon Gregory J. , Jacks Tyler , Varmus Harold 
Published: October 2016

Significance
Knowledge of oncogenic alterations that drive lung adenocarcinoma formation has enabled the development of genetically engineered mouse models that are increasingly being used to study the biology and therapeutic vulnerabilities of this disease. Given the importance of genomic alterations in these processes in human lung cancer, information on the mutational landscape of the mouse tumors is valuable for the design and interpretation of these experiments. In this study, we compared whole-exome sequencing data from lung adenocarcinomas induced by different lung adenocarcinoma-associated drivers. In contrast to their human counterparts, oncogene-driven lung adenocarcinomas in genetically engineered mouse models harbor few somatic mutations. These results have important implications for the use of these models to study tumor progression and response and resistance to therapy.
PPARγ attenuates hypoxia‐induced hypertrophic transcriptional pathways in the heart
Authors: Chaudhry Abubakr , Carthan Kristal A. , Kang Bum‐Yong , Calvert John , Sutliff Roy L. , Michael Hart C. 
Published: October 2016

Chronic hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is characterized by increased pressure and resistance in the pulmonary vasculature and hypertrophy of the right ventricle (RV). The transcription factors, nuclear factor activated T‐cells (NFAT), and nuclear factor kappa‐light‐chain‐enhancer of activated B cells (NF‐κB/p65) contribute to RV hypertrophy (RVH). Because peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) activation attenuates hypoxia‐induced PH and RVH, we hypothesized that PPARγ inhibits activation of RV hypertrophic transcriptional signaling mechanisms. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to normoxia (21% O2) or hypoxia (10% O2) for 21 days. During the final 10 days of exposure, selected mice were treated with the PPARγ ligand, pioglitazone. RV systolic pressure (RVSP) and RVH were measured, and NFATc2 and NF‐kB/p65 protein levels were measured in RV and LV nuclear and cytosolic fractions. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy was assessed with wheatgerm agglutinin staining. NFAT activation was also examined with luciferase reporter mice and analysis of protein levels of selected transcriptional targets. Chronic‐hypoxia increased: (1) RVH, RVSP, and RV cardiomyocyte hypertrophy; (2) NFATc2 and NF‐κB activation in RV nuclear homogenates; (3) RV and LV NFAT luciferase activity; and (4) RV protein levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and β‐myosin heavy chain (β‐MyHC). Treatment with pioglitazone attenuated hypoxia‐induced increases in both RV and LV NFAT luciferase activity. Chronic hypoxia caused sustained RV NFATc2 and NF‐κB activation. Pioglitazone attenuated PH, RVH, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and activation of RV hypertrophic signaling and also attenuated LV NFAT activation. PPARγ favorably modulates signaling derangements in the heart as well as in the pulmonary vascular wall.
Implementation of the Neonatal Nurse Practitioner Role in a Community Hospital's Labor, Delivery, and Level 1 Postpartum Unit
Authors: Follett Tara , Calderon-Crossman Sara , Clarke Denise , Ergezinger Marcia , Evanochko Christene , Johnson Krystal , Mercy Natalie , Taylor Barbara 
Published: October 2016

Background:
A level 1 community hospital with a labor, delivery, recovery, and postpartum (LDRP) unit delivering over 2800 babies per year was operating without dedicated neonatal resuscitation and stabilization support.

Purpose:
With lack of funding and space to provide an onsite level 2 neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), a position was created to provide neonatal nurse practitioner (NNP) coverage to support the LDRP unit.

Method:
The article describes the innovative solution of having an NNP team rotate from a regional neonatal intensive care program to a busy community LDRP unit. The presence of the NNP supported the development and integration of the advanced practice nursing role with interdisciplinary team members in both the LDRP and the emergency department.

Results:
The NNP was able to provide expertise, leadership, and mentorship for neonatal resuscitation and stabilization as well as education and consultation on neonatal care. In addition to the services provided by the NNP for infant's requiring acute care, the NNP provided transitional support for those infants who remained with their mothers in the LDRP unit. Furthermore, time required by the neonatal transport team to stabilize babies before transport to the NICU was decreased with NNP presence.

Implications for Practice:
The divergence from practice of the traditional NNP clinical role in the NICU setting to more of a consultant and nursing leader has proven to be a valued role at the community hospital.

Implications for Research:
A solid economic analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the NNP role in this community hospital is warranted.