bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Skills Training for Homeless Transition-Age Youth
Authors: Medalia Alice , Saperstein Alice M. , Huang Yanlan , Lee Seonjoo , Ronan Elizabeth J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Cognitive impairments are common in homeless youth and negatively impact academic and vocational outcomes. We examined the feasibility and efficacy of cognitive interventions provided to 18- to 22-year-old homeless youth living in urban supportive housing. Ninety-one homeless youth were randomized to receive either targeted cognitive training (cognitive remediation) or general cognitive activation (computer skills training). Cognitive and psychological outcomes were assessed at baseline, after 13 and 26 sessions, and 1 month postintervention. A high dropout rate highlighted the feasibility challenges of treating this population. Intent-to-treat analysis found significant improvements across groups in specific and global measures of cognition and psychological distress, with no significant group differences. Transition-age homeless youth show improvements in cognitive and psychological functioning when engaged in interventions that address their cognitive development. This speaks to the malleability of cognitive skills in this cohort and lays the groundwork for future research to address their cognitive health.
Frequency of Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Positivity Among Men Who Have Sex With Men Returning for a Test-of-Cure Visit 7 to 30 Days After Treatment of Laboratory-Confirmed Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infection at 2 Public Sexual Health Clinics, New York City, 2013 to 2016
Authors: Okah Ebiere , Westheimer Emily F. , Jamison Kelly , Schillinger Julia A. 
Published: September 2017

Background
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2015 Sexually Transmitted Disease Treatment Guidelines recommend that clinicians consider cephalosporin treatment failure in patients who deny interval sexual exposure and are nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT) positive for Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) at least 7 days after adequate treatment. We evaluate the real-world implications of the interval the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends for a NAAT test-of-cure (TOC), by ascertaining the frequency of NG NAAT positivity at different anatomic sites among men who have sex with men (MSM) at TOC 7 to 30 days after treatment.

Methods
We analyzed data from the medical records of MSM with laboratory-confirmed NG who were presumptively treated for NG during the period from June 2013 to April 2016 and returned for a TOC visit within 30 days. Data examined included symptoms, site of NG specimen collection, treatment regimen, follow-up testing, and intervening sexual activity.

Results
There were 1027 NG-positive specimens obtained from 763 MSM patients at 889 presumptive treatment visits. Of these, 44% (337/763) MSM returned for 1 or more TOC visits, and 413 specimens were collected a median of 10 days after presumptive treatment. Three percent (14/413) of specimens collected were NG NAAT positive at TOC a median of 13 days after treatment: 5% (12/256) of urethral specimens, 1% (1/147) of anorectal specimens (P = 0.037, urethral vs. anorectal), and 10% (1/10) of oropharyngeal specimens (P = 0.40, urethral vs. oropharyngeal).

Conclusions
A small percent of patients were NG NAAT positive at TOC. Compared with anorectal specimens, urethral specimens were more frequently still positive at TOC. A large proportion of MSM will return for a TOC visit as part of standard clinical care.
Optimization of Computed Tomography Coronary Angiography for Improved Plaque Detection
Authors: Kashani Hany , Wright Graham , Ursani Ali , Liu Garry , Hashemi Masoud , Paul Narinder S. 
Published: September 2017

Objective
The study aims to optimize visualization of the coronary wall during computed tomography coronary angiography.

Methods
A coronary plaque phantom was scanned on a wide-volume computed tomography scanner. Spatial resolution, contrast resolution, and vessel wall thickness were measured at different x-ray tube currents and voltages.

Results
Spatial resolution ranged from 0.385 to 0.625 mm and was significantly lower at higher currents. Contrast-to-noise ratio was significantly higher at higher currents. The most accurate wall thickness measurements were quantified at 300 and 400 mA for 80 and 100 kVp and 300 mA for 120 and 135 kVp.

Conclusions
Lower spatial resolution at higher currents was due to added blur from increased focal spot size. Contrast-to-noise ratio was higher at higher currents owing to decreased quantum noise. Wall thickness was measured more accurately at intermediate currents with midrange contrast-to-noise ratio but optimal spatial resolution. For accurate coronary wall thickness measurement, contrast-to-noise ratio is compromised to achieve optimal spatial resolution.
Diagnosis of Mesenteric Ectopic Pancreas by Secretin-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Moreno Pastor Ana , Olalla Muñoz José Ramón , Esteban Delgado Pilar , Soria Aledo Victoriano 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Ectopic pancreas (EP) is defined as pancreatic tissue found outside its usual anatomical position, with no ductal or vascular communication with the native pancreas.
We report the case of a 59-year-old woman with a mesenteric jejunal EP initially suspected on computed tomography and confirmed by secretin-enhanced magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography.
Mesenteric EP is a very rare finding with nonspecific clinical presentation, so that, classic radiological findings have not been well described previously.
The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Fatty Infiltration in the Shoulder Musculature
Authors: Dow David F. , Mehta Kaushal , Xu Yuanfang , England Eric 
Published: September 2017

Objective
Fatty infiltration in the rotator cuff muscles has been well studied in the setting of rotator cuff tendon tears to help predict outcomes of surgical repair. Fatty infiltration in the rotator cuff has also been independently correlated to the variables of age and sex. The purpose of our study was to determine if there is a relationship between body mass index and fatty infiltration in patients with no imaging evidence of rotator cuff tendinosis or tear.

Methods
Radiology reports of all magnetic resonance imaging examinations of the shoulder were searched over a 2-year period. Studies with imaging findings of rotator cuff tendinosis, partial tear, or full thickness tear were excluded from the study, resulting in a total of 143 patients with normal rotator cuffs who were included in the study. These studies were reviewed by consensus by 2 fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologists who used the Goutallier 5-stage scoring system to grade the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor, teres major, and deltoid muscles.

Results
Sex was shown not to be significantly associated with fatty infiltration with the exception of the deltoid muscle, which showed a statistically significant increase in fatty infiltration associated with female sex (P = 0.038). Age was shown to be a statistically significant predictor of fatty infiltration for all 6 muscles (P < 0.05). Body mass index was shown to be a statistically significant predictor of fatty infiltration for all of the evaluated shoulder musculature (P < 0.05) with the exception of the teres minor.

Conclusions
Our results suggest that increased body mass index is associated with increased fatty infiltration in the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres major, and deltoid muscles. This relationship could help guide the decisions of orthopedic surgeons when considering rotator cuff repair.
Serum Adiponectin Levels in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Dini Ahmed Ali , Wang Peng , Ye Dong-Qing 
Published: September 2017

Background
Higher serum adiponectin in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients mitigates the inflammatory response. Previous studies investigated serum adiponectin level in SLE patients compared with control subjects, yielding inconsistent results.

Objective
The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the difference between serum adiponectin levels in SLE patients compared with control subjects.

Methods
MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science were searched from inception to August 31, 2016, to identify all observational studies that examined the relationship between serum adiponectin levels and SLE. The study quality was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals were estimated and pooled using the meta-analysis methodology. The Cochrane Q test and I
2 statistics were used to test heterogeneity. To assess publication bias, visual observations of a funnel plot were used. The Stata software (version 11.0) was used for statistical analysis.

Results
A total of 8 studies including 782 SLE patients and 550 control subjects were eligible for the meta-analysis. In overall random-effects model including all the studies, we found that patients with SLE had higher serum adiponectin levels than control subjects (eight studies; pooled standardized mean difference, 0.502 μg/mL; 95% confidence interval, 0.021–0.984; I
2 = 94.0%; P < 0.001). In subgroup analyses, SLE patients with body mass index of 25 kg/m2 or greater had higher serum adiponectin levels compared with control subjects.

Conclusions
Collectively, our results demonstrate that higher serum adiponectin level is significantly associated with SLE. Furthermore, they suggest that serum adiponectin levels in SLE patients are not correlated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores. Imbalanced adiponectin levels might be associated with onset of other chronic diseases.
Management of Peri-Implant Hypertrophic Scarring for an Ear Prosthesis
Authors: Alfenas Elizabeth Rodrigues , Moreno Amália , Tanner Paul Benjamin , Netto Henrique Duque , Fonseca Maria Fernanda Lopes , Rios Fernando Gonçalves 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The clinical report describes a case of a 14-year-old patient with a traumatic amputation of the left auricle and severe hypertrophic scarring. The management of peri-implant soft tissue was challenging, but successful in the rehabilitation of a patient with auricular prosthesis retained by implants. The prosthesis restored the patient's facial aesthetics and contributed not only to function, but also to psychosocial well-being.
Negative computed tomography can safely rule out clinically significant intra-abdominal injury in the asymptomatic patient after blunt trauma: Prospective evaluation of 1193 patients
Authors: Benjamin Elizabeth , Cho Jayun , Recinos Gustavo , Dilektasli Evren , Lam Lydia , Brunner John , Inaba Kenji , Demetriades Demetrios 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Computed tomography of the abdomen and pelvis (CTAP) is highly specific for injury identification and commonly used in the evaluation of blunt trauma patients. Despite this, there is no consensus on the required clinical observation period after negative imaging, often impacting patient flow and hospital cost. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of CTAP after blunt trauma and the need for observation after negative imaging.

METHODS
A prospective analysis at a large Level I trauma center was conducted from November 2014 to May 2015. All blunt trauma patients, older than 14 years with CTAP on admission were included. Symptomatic patients were defined as having abdominal pain or external signs of trauma on admission. The main outcome was missed injury.

RESULTS
Over the study period, there were 1,468 blunt trauma admissions, of which 1,193 patients underwent CTAP. Eight hundred six (67.6%) patients were evaluable on admission (Glasgow Coma Scale score, 15), and of these, 327 (40.6%) were symptomatic, 479 (59.4%) asymptomatic. Among the evaluable asymptomatic patients, there were 65 (13.6%) positive computed tomography scans including 11 patients with grade III, IV, or V solid organ injury and three that required operation. In the 414 evaluable asymptomatic patients with negative imaging, median length of stay was 3 days, and there were zero missed injuries. All images were reviewed by an attending radiologist.

CONCLUSION
Abdominal imaging after trauma is justified in the appropriate clinical setting to evaluate for significant abdominal injury regardless of symptomatology. In asymptomatic, evaluable patients with a negative CTAP, clinically significant abdominal injury is unlikely, and these patients may be considered for early discharge or disposition to another treatment service.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Diagnostic, level III; Therapy, level IV.
Effects of propranolol and clonidine on brain edema, blood-brain barrier permeability, and endothelial glycocalyx disruption after fluid percussion brain injury in the rat
Authors: Genét Gustav Folmer , Bentzer Peter , Hansen Morten Bagge , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Johansson Pär Ingemar 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND
Traumatic brain injury causes a disruption of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx layer that is associated with an overactivation of the sympathoadrenal system. We hypothesized that early and unselective beta-blockade with propranolol alone or in combination with the alfa2-agonist clonidine would decrease brain edema, blood-brain barrier permeability, and glycocalyx disruption at 24 hours after trauma.

METHODS
We subjected 53 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats to lateral fluid percussion brain injury and randomized infusion with propranolol (n = 16), propranolol + clonidine (n = 16), vehicle (n = 16), or sham (n = 5) for 24 hours. Primary outcome was brain water content at 24 hours. Secondary outcomes were blood-brain barrier permeability and plasma levels of syndecan-1 (glycocalyx disruption), cell damage (histone-complexed DNA fragments), epinephrine, norepinephrine, and animal motor function.

RESULTS
We found no difference in brain water content (mean ± SD) between propranolol (80.8 ± 0.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 80.7–81.0) and vehicle (81.1 ± 0.6%; 95% CI, 80.8–81.4) (p = 0.668) or between propranolol/clonidine (80.8 ± 0.3%; 95% CI, 80.7–81.0) and vehicle (p = 0.555). We found no effect of propranolol and propranolol/clonidine on blood-brain barrier permeability and animal motor scores. Unexpectedly, propranolol and propranolol/clonidine caused an increase in epinephrine and syndecan-1 levels.

CONCLUSION
This study does not provide any support for unselective beta-blockade with propranolol or the combination of propranolol and the alfa2-agonist clonidine on brain water content. The novel finding of an increase in plasma concentrations of epinephrine and syndecan-1 after propranolol treatment in traumatic brain injury is of unclear significance and should be investigated further.
Palinacousis, Palinacousis: Seven New Cases
Authors: Fields Madeline C. , Marcuse Lara V. , Yoo Ji-Yeoun , Ghatan Saadi 
Published: September 2017

Purpose:
Palinacousis is an auditory illusion of sound persisting or repeating after the cessation of an auditory stimulation. Up until now, approximately 32 cases have been reported. The purpose of this study is to describe an additional seven cases of palinacousis and review our understanding of audition and palinacousis.

Methods:
Patients seen in the epilepsy clinic or admitted to the Epilepsy Monitoring Unit (EMU) at The Mount Sinai Hospital who experienced palinacousis were included. In all these patients, an EEG and MRI were performed at some point during their clinical course.

Results:
In one case, palinacousis occurred with stimulation of the superior temporal gyrus during brain mapping after a spoken word as well as after the thought of a word. Two people experienced palinacousis during a seizure captured on video EEG. The remaining four cases had palinacousis in the peri- or post-ictal period.

Conclusions:
We propose that palinacousis may be coming from the superior temporal gyrus secondary to seizure activity, either onset or spread, or dysfunction of the area in a postictal state. The existence of palinacousis in these pathologic states can help us to understand how we process auditory information.
CA2 Neuronal Activity Controls Hippocampal Oscillations and Social Behavior
Authors: Alexander Georgia M. , Brown Logan Y. , Farris Shannon , Lustberg Daniel , Pantazis Caroline , Gloss Bernd , Plummer Nicholas W. , Riddick Natallia V. , Moy Sheryl S. , Jensen Patricia , Dudek Serena M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractHippocampal oscillations arise from coordinated activity among distinct populations of neurons and are associated with cognitive functions and behaviors. Although much progress has been made toward identifying the relative contribution of specific neuronal populations in hippocampal oscillations, far less is known about the role of hippocampal area CA2, which is thought to support social aspects of episodic memory. Furthermore, the little existing evidence on the role of CA2 in oscillations has led to conflicting conclusions. Therefore, we sought to identify the specific contribution of CA2 pyramidal neurons to brain oscillations using a controlled experimental system. We used excitatory and inhibitory DREADDs in transgenic mice to acutely and reversibly manipulate CA2 pyramidal cell activity. Here, we report on the role of CA2 in hippocampal-prefrontal cortical network oscillations and social behavior. We found that excitation or inhibition of CA2 pyramidal cells bidirectionally regulated hippocampal and prefrontal cortical low gamma oscillations and inversely modulated hippocampal ripple oscillations. Further, CA2 inhibition impaired social approach behavior. These findings support a role for CA2 in low gamma generation and ripple modulation within the hippocampus and underscore the importance of CA2 neuronal activity in extrahippocampal oscillations and social behavior.
Out-of-Register Aβ42Assemblies as Models for Neurotoxic Oligomers and Fibrils
Authors: Xi Wenhui , Vanderford Elliott K. , Hansmann Ulrich H.E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe propose a variant of the recently found S-shaped Aβ1‒42-motif that is characterized by out-of-register C-terminal β-strands. We show that chains with this structure can not only form fibrils that are compatible with the NMR signals, but also barrel-shaped oligomers that resemble the ones formed by the much smaller cylindrin peptides. Running at physiological temperatures long all-atom molecular dynamics simulations with an explicit solvent, we study the stability of these constructs and show that they are plausible models for neurotoxic oligomers. Analyzing the transitions between different assemblies we suggest a mechanism for amyloid formation in Alzheimer’s disease.
Gene synthesis allows biologists to source genes from farther away in the tree of life
Authors: Kunjapur Aditya M. , Pfingstag Philipp , Thompson Neil C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGene synthesis allows biologists and bioengineers to create novel genetic sequences and codon-optimize transgenes for heterologous expression. Because codon choice is key to gene expression and therefore cellular outcomes, it has been argued that gene synthesis will allow researchers to source genes from organisms that would otherwise have been incompatible, opening up more-distant parts of the tree of life as sources for transgenes. We test if this hypothesis is true for academic biological research using a 10-year data set from Addgene, the non-profit plasmid repository. We observe ~19,000 unique genes deposited to Addgene and classify them by whether they are natural or synthetic using a nucleotide-only technique that we develop here. We find that synthetic genes are an increasing share of Addgene deposits. Most importantly, we find direct evidence that researchers are using gene synthesis to source genes from more genetically-distant organisms, particularly for genes that are longer and thus might otherwise be particularly challenging to express. Thus, we provide the first empirical evidence that gene synthesis is leading biologists and bioengineers to sample more broadly across the rich genetic diversity of life, increasingly making that functionality available for industrial or biomedical advances.
Structured illumination to spatially map chromatin motions
Authors: Bonin Keith , Smelser Amanda , Salvador Moreno Naike , Holzwarth George , Wang Kevin , Levi Preston , Vidi Pierre-Alexandre 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe describe a simple optical method that creates structured illumination of a photoactivatable probe and apply this method to characterize chromatin motions in the nuclei of live cells. A laser beam coupled to a diffractive optical element at the back focal plane of an excitation objective generates an array of near diffraction-limited beamlets with FWHM of 340±30 nm, which simultaneously photoactivate a 7x7 matrix pattern of GFP-labeled histones, with spots 1.70 μm apart. From the movements of the photoactivated spots, we map chromatin diffusion coefficients at multiple microdomains of the cell nucleus. The results show correlated motions of nearest chromatin microdomain neighbors, whereas chromatin movements are uncorrelated at the global scale of the nucleus. The method also reveals DNA damage-dependent decrease in chromatin diffusion. The DOE instrumentation can easily and cheaply be implemented on commercial inverted fluorescence microscopes to analyze adherent cell culture models. A protocol to measure chromatin motions in non-adherent human hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells is also described. We anticipate that the method will contribute to the identification of the mechanisms regulating chromatin mobility, which influences most genomic processes and may underlie the biogenesis of genomic translocations associated with hematologic malignancies.
External knowledge sourcing and new product development
Authors: Santoro Gabriele , Vrontis Demetris , Pastore Alberto 
Published: September 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of external knowledge in the innovation process of firms in the food and beverage (F&B) industry and the effects of two external knowledge sourcing modes on new product development (NPD) performance.Design/methodology/approachThe paper applies a quantitative approach, relying on data from 157 Italian firms operating in the F&B industry to test the hypotheses through OLS regression models.FindingsResults suggest that the surveyed firms actively engage in open innovation with strong ties with market-based sources. Moreover, the authors found that market-based sources are associated with income from incremental innovation and time to market, while science-based sources are associated with income from radical innovation. Finally, the authors found that the R&D intensity enhances the benefits of the above external knowledge sourcing modes.Originality/valueDespite the large amount of studies assessing the effects of external knowledge sourcing on performance in the open innovation field, few studies focused on a specific industry, especially with regard to F&B. Moreover, this paper considers different types of NPD performance measures given that different external knowledge sourcing modes exert different effects.