bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemovigilance survey of pathogen‐reduced blood components in the Warsaw Region in the 2009 to 2013 period
Authors: Łętowska Magdalena , Przybylska Zofia , Piotrowski Dariusz , Lachert Elżbieta , Rosiek Aleksandra , Rzymkiewicz Lech , Cardoso Marcia 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDIn 2009 the Mirasol Pathogen Reduction Technology (PRT) was introduced to the routine blood component production of the Regional Blood Transfusion Center in Warsaw (RBTCW). The goal of this study was to investigate the safety of Mirasol‐treated blood components.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThe accumulated passive hemovigilance data of Mirasol‐treated blood components collected at the RBTCW are presented and compared to historical and contemporary data. Furthermore, active hemovigilance data collected from patients with different hematologic disorders transfused with Mirasol‐treated or untreated blood components at the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine (IHTM) are presented and discussed.RESULTSThe adverse reaction (AR) reporting rate by hospitals to the RBTCW after the implementation of the Mirasol technology was 0.39% for Mirasol‐treated platelet concentrates (M‐PCs) and 0.05% for Mirasol‐treated fresh‐frozen plasma. When comparing contemporary rates of ARs recorded by RBTCW in the time period 2011 to 2012, no statistical difference was observed between Mirasol‐treated and untreated blood components. No serious AR was attributed to Mirasol‐treated components. At the IHTM a lower rate of ARs after transfusion of M‐PCs was observed than with untreated PCs. Despite the fact that very large amounts of Mirasol‐treated plasma have been transfused to patients with congenital or acquired thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, no significant increase in AR rates was observed.CONCLUSIONTreatment of blood components with the Mirasol PRT System has proven to be safe for patients and is not associated with increased rates and grades of adverse events in patients of hospitals in the Warsaw Region.
Efficacy and safety of pathogen‐reduced platelet concentrates in children with cancer: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Trakhtman Pavel , Karpova Oksana , Balashov Dmitri , Kurnikova Elena , Pirumova Valentina , Starostin Nikolay , Rumiantsev Alexander 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDThe safety of blood component transfusions is still of concern and the use of pathogen reduction (PR) methods is increasing. Limited data are available describing safety and efficacy of PR platelet (PLT) transfusions in children. We report the results of a retrospective evaluation of prophylactic transfusions of PR PLT units treated with riboflavin and ultraviolet light in pediatric patients with malignant disorders.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSA total of 137 patients (PR, 51; control, 86) and 432 transfusions (PR, 141; control, 291) with mean age of 11 years were evaluated. The primary clinical efficacy endpoint was the proportion of patients with bleeding on any day of PLT support. Secondary endpoints included 1‐ and 24‐hour PLT increments, corrected count increments (CCIs), and the number of days between PLT transfusions. Safety endpoints included number of posttransfusion adverse reactions.RESULTSThe incidence of bleeding events, severity, and localization of bleeding sites did not differ between the study groups. Posttransfusion PLT counts and 1‐ and 4‐hour CCIs (12.25 ± 4.26 and 25.67 ± 7.11; p < 0.05; PR vs. control, respectively) and 18‐ to 24‐hour CCIs (9.41 ± 6.42 and 12.47 ± 6.25; p < 0.05) after transfusions were significantly lower in the PR group. Transfusion‐related adverse event rates did not differ between groups (8.3% vs. 9.8%, p = 0.73).CONCLUSIONIn spite of lower numerical increase in PLT count, the hemostatic efficacy and safety of PR PLT transfusions was comparable with the control group. Adverse event rates did not differ between groups, but the sample size was relatively small.
The effects of 22°C and 4°C storage of platelets on vascular endothelial integrity and function
Authors: Baimukanova Gyulnar , Miyazawa Byron , Potter Daniel R. , Gibb Stuart L. , Keating Sheila , Danesh Ali , Beyer Ashley , Dayter Yelena , Bruhn Roberta , Muench Marcus O. , Cap Andrew P. , Norris Philip J. , Spinella Philip , Cohen Mitchell , Pati Shibani 
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUNDAlthough a majority of the studies conducted to date on platelet (PLT) storage have been focused on PLT hemostatic function, the effects of 4°C PLTs on regulation of endothelial barrier permeability are still not known. In this study, we compared the effects of room temperature (22°C) stored and (4°C) stored PLTs on the regulation of vascular endothelial cell (EC) permeability in vitro and in vivo.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSDay 1, Day 5, and Day 7 leukoreduced apheresis PLTs stored at 4 or 22°C were studied in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, PLT effects on EC permeability and barrier function, adhesion, and impedance aggregometry were investigated. In vivo, using a mouse model of vascular leak, attenuation of vascular leak and circulating PLT numbers were measured.RESULTSTreatment of EC monolayers with Day 5 or Day 7 PLTs, stored at both 22°C and 4°C, resulted in similar decreases in EC permeability on average. However, analysis of individual samples revealed significant variation that was donor dependent. Additional in vitro measurements revealed a decrease in inflammatory mediators, nonspecific PLT‐endothelial aggregation and attenuated loss of aggregation over time to TRAP, ASPI, ADP, and collagen with 4°C storage. In mice, while 22°C and 4°C PLTs both demonstrated significant protection against vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF‐A)‐induced vascular leak 22°C PLTs exhibited increased protection compared to 4°C PLTs. Systemic circulating levels of 4°C PLTs were decreased compared to 22°C PLTs.CONCLUSIONSIn vitro, 4°C‐stored PLTs exhibit a greater capacity to inhibit EC permeability than 22°C‐stored PLTs. In vivo, 22°C PLTs provide superior control of vascular leak induced by VEGF‐A. This discrepancy may be due to increased clearance of 4°C PLTs from the systemic circulation.
Interventions for Cardiovascular Patients with Type D Personality: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cao Xi , Wong Eliza M. L. , Chow Choi Kai , Cheng Li , Ying Chair Sek 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundCardiovasculardisease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide. Type D personality, a newly identified risk factor for cardiac outcomes, can deteriorate the health outcomes of CVD patients. Several interventional studies have been conducted on CVD patients with type D personality.AimTo provide the best available evidence of the effects and characteristics of interventions applied to cardiac patients with type D personality.MethodsExperimental studies on the effects of interventions for cardiac patients with type D personality were reviewed. English and Chinese electronic databases were searched from inception to December 2014. The eligibility and quality of each article were reviewed by two independent reviewers. The outcomes of interest included psychological health (anxiety & depression), physical functioning, and quality of life. Data were synthesized in a narrative form rather than meta‐analysis because of the heterogeneity of studies and the insufficient data for statistical pooling.ResultsFour studies (one randomized controlled trial and three single‐group pre‐ and posttests) involving 967 cardiac patients were identified. The quality of included studies was moderate, with three studies rated as fair and one study rated as poor. Cardiac rehabilitation programs were the interventions identified in all the included studies, with main components of physical exercise, patient education, psychological intervention, and individual counseling. The findings of this review indicated that cardiac rehabilitation can significantly reduce anxiety and depression, improve physical functioning, and quality of life in cardiac patients with type D personality. The evidence of optimal duration, frequency of interventions, and length of each session was not established.Linking Evidence to ActionThis review provides preliminary evidence for the use of cardiac rehabilitation as an effective intervention to improve health outcomes in cardiac patients with type D personality. The optimal delivery format of the intervention for cardiac patients with type D personality needs to be explored.
Enhancement of Free Vortex Filament Method for Aerodynamic Loads on Rotor Blades
Authors: Abedi Hamidreza , Davidson Lars , Voutsinas Spyros 
Published: March 2016

The aerodynamics of a wind turbine is governed by the flow around the rotor, where the prediction of air loads on rotor blades in different operational conditions and its relation to rotor structural dynamics is one of the most important challenges in wind turbine rotor blade design. Because of the unsteady flow field around wind turbine blades, prediction of aerodynamic loads with high level of accuracy is difficult and increases the uncertainty of load calculations.
A free vortex wake method, based on the potential, inviscid and irrotational flow, is developed to study the aerodynamic loads. Since it is based on the potential, inviscid and irrotational flow, it cannot be used to predict viscous phenomena such as drag and boundary layer separation. Therefore it must be coupled to the tabulated airfoil data to take the viscosity effects into account. The results are compared with the Blade Element Momentum (BEM) [1] method and the GENUVP code [2] (see also the acknowledgments).
Validity of a Simple Method for Measuring Force-Velocity-Power Profile in Countermovement Jump
Authors: Jiménez-Reyes Pedro , Samozino Pierre , Pareja-Blanco Fernando , Conceição Filipe , Cuadrado-Peñafiel Víctor , González-Badillo Juan José , Morin Jean-Benoît 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:To analyze the reliability and validity of a simple computation method to evaluate force (F), velocity (v), and power (P) output during a countermovement jump (CMJ) suitable for use in field conditions and to verify the validity of this computation method to compute the CMJ force–velocity (F–v) profile (including unloaded and loaded jumps) in trained athletes.Methods:Sixteen high-level male sprinters and jumpers performed maximal CMJs under 6 different load conditions (0–87 kg). A force plate sampling at 1000 Hz was used to record vertical ground-reaction force and derive vertical-displacement data during CMJ trials. For each condition, mean F, v, and P of the push-off phase were determined from both force-plate data (reference method) and simple computation measures based on body mass, jump height (from flight time), and push-off distance and used to establish the linear F–v relationship for each individual.Results:Mean absolute bias values were 0.9% (± 1.6%), 4.7% (± 6.2%), 3.7% (± 4.8%), and 5% (± 6.8%) for F, v, P, and slope of the F–v relationship (SFv), respectively. Both methods showed high correlations for F–v-profile-related variables (r = .985–.991). Finally, all variables computed from the simple method showed high reliability, with ICC >.980 and CV <1.0%.Conclusions:These results suggest that the simple method presented here is valid and reliable for computing CMJ force, velocity, power, and F–v profiles in athletes and could be used in practice under field conditions when body mass, push-off distance, and jump height are known.
Longitudinal Changes and Seasonal Variation in Body Composition in Professional Australian Football Players
Authors: Bilsborough Johann C. , Kempton Thomas , Greenway Kate , Cordy Justin , Coutts Aaron J. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:To compare development and variations in body composition of early-, mid-, and late-career professional Australian Football (AF) players over 3 successive seasons.Methods:Regional and total-body composition (body mass [BM], fat mass [FM], fat-free soft-tissue mass [FFSTM], and bone mineral content [BMC]) were assessed 4 times, at the same time of each season—start preseason (SP), end preseason (EP), midseason (MS), and end season (ES)—from 22 professional AF players using pencil-beam dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Nutritional intake for each player was evaluated concomitantly using 3-d food diaries. Players were classified according to their age at the beginning of the observational period as either early- (<21 y, n = 8), mid- (21 to 25 y, n = 9), or late- (>25 y, n = 5) career athletes.Results:Early-career players had lower FFSTM, BMC, and BM than mid- and late-career throughout. FM and %FM had greatest variability, particularly in the early-career players. FM reduced and FFSTM increased from SP to EP, while FM and FFSTM decreased from EP to MS. FM increased and FFSTM decreased from MS to ES, while FM and FFSTM increased during the off-season.Conclusions:Early-career players may benefit from greater emphasis on specific nutrition and resistance-training strategies aimed at increasing FFSTM, while all players should balance training and diet toward the end of season to minimize increases in FM.
The Relationship Between Whole-Body External Loading and Body-Worn Accelerometry During Team-Sport Movements
Authors: Nedergaard Niels J. , Robinson Mark A. , Eusterwiemann Elena , Drust Barry , Lisboa Paulo J. , Vanrenterghem Jos 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:To investigate the relationship between whole-body accelerations and body-worn accelerometry during team-sport movements.Methods:Twenty male team-sport players performed forward running and anticipated 45° and 90° side-cuts at approach speeds of 2, 3, 4, and 5 m/s. Whole-body center-of-mass (CoM) accelerations were determined from ground-reaction forces collected from 1 foot–ground contact, and segmental accelerations were measured from a commercial GPS accelerometer unit on the upper trunk. Three higher-specification accelerometers were also positioned on the GPS unit, the dorsal aspect of the pelvis, and the shaft of the tibia. Associations between mechanical load variables (peak acceleration, loading rate, and impulse) calculated from both CoM accelerations and segmental accelerations were explored using regression analysis. In addition, 1-dimensional statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to explore the relationships between peak segmental accelerations and CoM-acceleration profiles during the whole foot–ground contact.Results:A weak relationship was observed for the investigated mechanical load variables regardless of accelerometer location and task (R2 values across accelerometer locations and tasks: peak acceleration .08–.55, loading rate .27–.59, and impulse .02–.59). Segmental accelerations generally overestimated whole-body mechanical load. SPM analysis showed that peak segmental accelerations were mostly related to CoM accelerations during the first 40–50% of contact phase.Conclusions:While body-worn accelerometry correlates to whole-body loading in team-sport movements and can reveal useful estimates concerning loading, these correlations are not strong. Body-worn accelerometry should therefore be used with caution to monitor whole-body mechanical loading in the field.
Dalbavancin Activity When Tested against Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolated in Medical Centers on Six Continents (2011 to 2014)
Authors: Jones Ronald N. , Schuchert Jason E. , Mendes Rodrigo E. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Dalbavancin, a novel lipoglycopeptide, was approved for use in 2014 by regulatory agencies in the United States and Europe for the treatment of skin and skin structure infections. The activity of dalbavancin was also widely assessed by determination of its activity against
Streptococcus pneumoniae
clinical isolates collected from patients on six continents monitored during two time intervals (2011 to 2013 and 2014). A total of 18,186 pneumococcal isolates were obtained from 49 nations and submitted to a monitoring laboratory as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program for reference susceptibility testing. The potency of dalbavancin against
S. pneumoniae
was consistent across the years that it was monitored, with the MIC
50
and MIC
90
being 0.015 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively, and all isolates were inhibited by ≤0.12 μg/ml. The activity of dalbavancin was not adversely influenced by nonsusceptibility to β-lactams (ceftriaxone or penicillin), macrolides, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, or tetracyclines or multidrug resistance (MDR). Regional variations in dalbavancin activity were not detected, but
S. pneumoniae
strains isolated in the Asia-Pacific region were more likely to be nonsusceptible to penicillin and ceftriaxone as well as to be MDR than strains isolated in North or South America and Europe. Direct comparisons of potency illustrated that dalbavancin (MIC
50
and MIC
90
, 0.015 and 0.03 μg/ml, respectively) was 16-fold or more active than vancomycin (MIC
50
, 0.25 μg/ml), linezolid (MIC
50
, 1 μg/ml), levofloxacin (MIC
50
, 1 μg/ml), ceftriaxone (MIC
90
, 1 μg/ml), and penicillin (MIC
90
, 2 μg/ml). In conclusion, dalbavancin had potent and consistent activity against this contemporary (2011 to 2014) collection of
S. pneumoniae
isolates.
Oritavancin Activity Tested against Molecularly Characterized Staphylococci and Enterococci Displaying Elevated Linezolid MIC Results
Authors: Mendes Rodrigo E. , Farrell David J. , Sader Helio S. , Flamm Robert K. , Jones Ronald N. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Oritavancin (MIC
50/90
, 0.03/0.06 to 0.12 μg/ml) had potent activity against linezolid-resistant staphylococci, as well as
Enterococcus faecalis
and
Enterococcus faecium
(oritavancin MIC
50/90
, 0.015/0.12 μg/ml against both species). All linezolid-resistant isolates were inhibited by oritavancin at ≤0.12 μg/ml. These results confirmed the absence of cross-resistance between linezolid and oritavancin in staphylococci and enterococci.
Investigating the Extremes of Antibiotic Use with an Epidemiologic Framework
Authors: Scheetz Marc H. , Crew Page E. , Miglis Cristina , Gilbert Elise M. , Sutton Sarah H. , O'Donnell J. Nick , Postelnick Michael , Zembower Teresa , Rhodes Nathaniel J. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Benchmarks for judicious use of antimicrobials are needed. Metrics such as
d
efined
d
aily
d
oses (DDDs) and
d
ays
o
f
t
herapy (DOTs) quantify antimicrobial consumption. However, benchmarking with these metrics is complicated by interhospital variability. Thus, it is important for each hospital to monitor its own temporal consumption trends. Time series analyses allow trends to be detected; however, many of these methods are complex. We present simple regressive methods and caveats in using them to define potential antibiotic over- and underutilizations.
Little Polymorphism at the K13 Propeller Locus in Worldwide Plasmodium falciparum Populations Prior to the Introduction of Artemisinin Combination Therapies
Authors: Mita Toshihiro , Culleton Richard , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Nakamura Masatoshi , Tsukahara Takahiro , Hunja Carol W. , Win Zin Zayar , Htike Wah Win , Marma Aung S. , Dysoley Lek , Ndounga Mathieu , Dzodzomenyo Mawuli , Akhwale Willis S. , Kobayashi Jun , Uemura Haruki , Kaneko Akira , Hombhanje Francis , Ferreira Marcelo U. , Björkman Anders , Endo Hiroyoshi , Ohashi Jun 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

The emergence and spread of artemisinin-resistant
Plasmodium falciparum
is of huge concern for the global effort toward malaria control and elimination. Artemisinin resistance, defined as a delayed time to parasite clearance following administration of artemisinin, is associated with mutations in the
Pfkelch13
gene of resistant parasites. To date, as many as 60 nonsynonymous mutations have been identified in this gene, but whether these mutations have been selected by artemisinin usage or merely reflect natural polymorphism independent of selection is currently unknown. To clarify this, we sequenced the
Pfkelch13
propeller domain in 581 isolates collected before (420 isolates) and after (161 isolates) the implementation of artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs), from various regions of endemicity worldwide. Nonsynonymous mutations were observed in 1% of parasites isolated prior to the introduction of ACTs. Frequencies of mutant isolates, nucleotide diversity, and haplotype diversity were significantly higher in the parasites isolated from populations exposed to artemisinin than in those from populations that had not been exposed to the drug. In the artemisinin-exposed population, a significant excess of dN compared to dS was observed, suggesting the presence of positive selection. In contrast, pairwise comparison of dN and dS and the McDonald and Kreitman test indicate that purifying selection acts on the
Pfkelch13
propeller domain in populations not exposed to ACTs. These population genetic analyses reveal a low baseline of
Pfkelch13
polymorphism, probably due to purifying selection in the absence of artemisinin selection. In contrast, various
Pfkelch13
mutations have been selected under artemisinin pressure.
Inhibitory Potential of Antifungal Drugs on ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters P-Glycoprotein, MRP1 to MRP5, BCRP, and BSEP
Authors: Lempers Vincent J. C. , van den Heuvel Jeroen J. M. W. , Russel Frans G. M. , Aarnoutse Rob E. , Burger David M. , Brüggemann Roger J. , Koenderink Jan B. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT

Inhibition of ABC transporters is a common mechanism underlying drug-drug interactions (DDIs). We determined the inhibitory potential of antifungal drugs currently used for invasive fungal infections on ABC transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp), MRP1 to MRP5, BCRP, and BSEP
in vitro
. Membrane vesicles isolated from transporter-overexpressing HEK 293 cells were used to investigate the inhibitory potential of antifungal drugs (250 μM) on transport of model substrates. Concentration-inhibition curves were determined if transport inhibition was >60%. Fifty percent inhibitory concentrations (IC
50
s) for P-gp and BCRP were both 2 μM for itraconazole, 5 and 12 μM for hydroxyitraconazole, 3 and 6 μM for posaconazole, and 3 and 11 μM for isavuconazole, respectively. BSEP was strongly inhibited by itraconazole and hydroxyitraconazole (3 and 17 μM, respectively). Fluconazole and voriconazole did not inhibit any transport for >60%. Micafungin uniquely inhibited all transporters, with strong inhibition of MRP4 (4 μM). Anidulafungin and caspofungin showed strong inhibition of BCRP (7 and 6 μM, respectively). Amphotericin B only weakly inhibited BCRP-mediated transport (127 μM). Despite their wide range of DDIs, azole antifungals exhibit selective inhibition on efflux transporters. Although echinocandins display low potential for clinically relevant DDIs, they demonstrate potent
in vitro
inhibitory activity. This suggests that inhibition of ABC transporters plays a crucial role in the inexplicable (non-cytochrome P450-mediated) DDIs with antifungal drugs.