bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Efficiency of Aerated Lagoon System regarding the Removal of Indicator Bacteria from Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Salar Sara , Eftekhari Fatimah , Shafipour Maryam , Ebrahimnia Reza , Moghadar Ebrahim , Moosavi Seyed Abedin , Safari Hassan , Seyedghasemi Navisa Sadat , Shahryari Ali 
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Treatment of municipal wastewater is essential to remove bacteria. This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) for the removal of bacteria and using for irrigation or discharge in the Caspian Sea according to the World Health Organization (WHO) regulations.
Materials and Methods: A total of 105 samples were collected from 7 stations, including the inlet and the outlet of the WWTP in Bandargaz City (Iran), the intersection point of wastewater effluent with Caspian Sea (Gorgan Bay), and a radius of 200 meters in three directions east, west, and north of the intersection point of wastewater in Gorgan Bay. The multiple-tube fermentation technique was used to enumerate bacteria, and results were expressed as the Most Probable Number (MPN) per 100 ml.
Results: Bacteriological analysis exhibited that the concentration of total coliform, fecal coliform, fecal streptococci, and Clostridium perfringens were 1.38×1010, 5.57 × 107, 5.53 × 109, 1.26 × 109 in inlet, and 1.38 × 1010 , 5.57 × 107, 5.53 × 109 , 1.26 × 109 in outlet of WWTP, respectively.
Conclusion: The aeration lagoon has a low performance in bacteria population removal, which may be due to the climate condition of this region (few sunny days and many cloudy and rainy days). This effluent was not generally acceptable for discharge in the environment and reuse. Therefore, it is essential to modify the disinfection process to keep the concentration of bacteria under control. Additionally, continuous monitoring is necessary to control the quality of wastewater before discharge into the environment or reuse
Patient perspectives on AI: a pilot study comparing large language model and physician-generated responses to routine cervical spine surgery questions
Authors: Yoseph Ezra T. , Gonzalez-Suarez Aneysis D. , Lang Siegmund , Desai Atman , Hu Serena S. , Zygourakis Corinna C. 
Published: September 2024

Aim: The purpose of this study was to elucidate differences in patient perspectives on large language model (LLM) vs. physician-generated responses to frequently asked questions about anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) surgery.
Methods: This cross-sectional study had three phases: In phase 1, we generated 10 common questions about ACDF surgery using ChatGPT-3.5, ChatGPT-4.0, and Google search. Phase 2 involved obtaining answers to these questions from two spine surgeons, ChatGPT-3.5, and Gemini. In phase 3, we recruited 5 cervical spine surgery patients and 5 age-matched controls to assess the clarity and completeness of the responses.
Results: LLM-generated responses were significantly shorter, on average, than physician-generated responses (30.0 +/- 23.5 vs. 153.7 +/- 86.7 words, P < 0.001). Study participants were more likely to rate LLM-generated responses with more positive clarity ratings (H = 6.25, P = 0.012), with no significant difference in completeness ratings (H = 0.695, P = 0.404). On an individual question basis, there were no significant differences in ratings given to LLM vs. physician-generated responses. Compared with age-matched controls, cervical spine surgery patients were more likely to rate physician-generated responses as higher in clarity (H = 6.42, P = 0.011) and completeness (H = 7.65, P = 0.006).
Conclusion: Despite a small sample size, our findings indicate that LLMs offer comparable, and occasionally preferred, information in terms of clarity and comprehensiveness of responses to common ACDF questions. It is particularly striking that ratings were similar, considering LLM-generated responses were, on average, 80% shorter than physician responses. Further studies are needed to determine how LLMs can be integrated into spine surgery education in the future.
Substrate stiffness modulates extracellular vesicles’ release in a triple-negative breast cancer model
Authors: Senigagliesi Beatrice , Geiss Otmar , Valente Stefano , Vondracek Hendrik , Cefarin Nicola , Ceccone Giacomo , Calzolai Luigi , Ballerini Laura , Parisse Pietro , Casalis Loredana 
Published: September 2024

Aim: The microenvironment effect on the tumoral-derived Extracellular Vesicle release, which is of significant interest for biomedical applications, still represents a rather unexplored field. The aim of the present work is to investigate the interrelation between extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffness and the release of small EVs from cancer cells. Here, we focus on the interrelation between the ECM and small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), specifically investigating the unexplored aspect of the influence of ECM stiffness on the release of sEVs.
Methods: We used a well-studied metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) cell line, MDA-MB-231, as a model to study the release of sEVs by cells cultured on substrates of different stiffness. We have grown MDA-MB-231 cells on two collagen-coated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates at different stiffness (0.2 and 3.6 MPa), comparing them with a hard glass substrate as control, and then we isolated the respective sEVs by differential ultracentrifugation. After checking the cell growth conditions [vitality, morphology by immunofluorescence microscopy, stiffness by atomic force microscopy (AFM)], we took advantage of a multi-parametric approach based on complementary techniques (AFM, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, and asymmetric flow field flow fractionation with a multi-angle light scattering detector) to characterize the TNBC-derived sEV obtained in the different substrate conditions.
Results: We observe that soft substrates induce TNBC cell softening and rounding. This effect promotes the release of a high number of larger sEVs.
Conclusion: Here, we show the role of ECM physical properties in the regulation of sEV release in a TNBC model. While the molecular mechanisms regulating this effect need further investigation, our report represents a step toward an improved understanding of ECM-cell-sEVs crosstalk.
Green synthesis and characterization of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their photocatalytic activity
Authors: Marconi Eleonora , Luisetto Igor , Tortora Luca 
Published: September 2024

In this study, we compared two low-temperature synthesis procedures for the large-scale production of titania nanoparticles (NPs). The first takes place in an aqueous medium with an acidic environment, by using a triblock polymer surfactant (Pluronic 123). The second involves a polycondensation reaction of alkoxide precursors at 70 °C in a water-in-oil (W/O) microemulsion with a volume ratio of 1:1, using cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) as a cationic surfactant. The morphological and structural characterization of the samples was carried out through Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The photoactivity of the nanostructured titania was evaluated by measuring the photodegradation of Methylene Blue (MB). The solvent-free synthetic approach provided spherical titania nanoparticles mainly constituted by rutile crystallites with a very good synthetic yield. However, the photodegradation rate of MB for such titania nanoparticles ranges from 30 % to 40 %, after 1h under solar irradiation. Conversely, titania nanoparticles obtained through microemulsion synthesis show a photodegradation rate of more than 90 % comparable to titania P25. This high-yield synthesis leads to the formation of TiO2 nanoparticles characterized by small crystallite aggregates (rutile and anatase).
Study and analysis of National Museum of Ras Al Khaimah collection for future generations accessibility
Authors: Hamza Nagmeldeen Morshed 
Published: September 2024

The National Museum of Ras Al Khaimah reflects an eventful history, displaying a rich diversity of traditional architecture. Today, the 'Late Fort’ exhibits historical, ethnographical, and archaeological material relating to the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah and provides an interesting insight into the history and traditions of this area.
The formulation of history through the study and preservation of the museum collection is a dynamic and collaborative process that applies a multidisciplinary approach, ethical considerations, and a commitment to sharing the richness of human history with current and future generations. The research focuses on and sheds light on the role of technology in studying, investigating, and preserving collections, which can extract information that formulates their history. Different cases here represent different time periods: the Daggers, two cases of the Khanjar/dagger, specifically of the Jambiya type, herbarium collections, and pottery from the National Museum of Ras Al Khaimah are valuable resources and crucial evidence for formulating and understanding the history, culture, and for research, education, and inspiration when studying and preserving it. The research offers different methodologies used to approach the three cases. the study of daggers shows that examination prior to treatment can help to understand the historical significance of the objects and their technology. the digitization of the herbarium, allow data sharing of images and make them accessible to botanists and others around the world. two potteries from a modern excavation, has being subjected to different.
analyses if the sediment found inside them. By adopting integrated study and preservation approaches, using technology and the correct methodology, we can extract more information, extend the lifespan of collections, and make them more accessible and sustainable.
Quality control of 3D printing in bioarchaeology: a case study on dimensional assessment of cranial models
Authors: Cecchitelli Marta , Fiori Giorgia , Bocchetta Gabriele , Filippi Federico , Leccese Fabio , Galo Jan , Sciuto Salvatore Andrea , Scorza Andrea 
Published: September 2024

In the last few years, 3D printing has gained widespread use in archaeology and cultural heritage fields, from research and conservation to enriching museum experiences. This study focuses on Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technology to assess the quality of printed replicas of archaeological human remains. A cranial model was 3D printed (3DP) from Computed Tomography (CT) data of an 8-year-old patient to simulate the remains of an archaeological skull. Eight copies were then printed and subjected to CT scanning to compare them to the original model through an objective measurement method based on image analysis. The proposed method investigates print variability and considers potential sources of error to assess the dimensional compatibility of the model before and after printing. Results showed an increasing error, up to 15 %, with higher levels of model detail. These results are discussed with reference to a metrological approach, highlighting the need for further research into optimizing 3D printing quality control, including through the definition of a standardized protocol to obtain archaeological replicas faithful to the originals.
Obesity in Russia: prevalence dynamics and sex and age structure since the end of the 20th century
Authors: Yusenko S. R. , Zubkova T. S. , Sorokin A. S. , Khaltourina D. A. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The growing prevalence of obesity in the world and the accumulated scientific data and practical knowledge have prompted the World Health Organization to declare obesity a global pandemic and a worldwide public health crisis. According to research, in 2015, 603.7 million adults and 107.7 million children worldwide were obese, and the overall prevalence of obesity was 12.0 and 5.0 %, respectively, while overweight caused 4.0 million deaths and 120 million lost years of life. The purpose of the study: to assess trends and age and sex structure of obesity prevalence in Russia according to different sources. Materials and methods. We calculated the prevalence of obesity using data from Rosstat (2018–2023) and the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1994–2022), as well as the structure of obesity by sex and age groups in dynamics, and the structure of obesity by degree (2022). Results. According to the results of calculations based on Rosstat data, the prevalence of obesity among men increased from 17.8 % in 2018 to 20.9 % in 2023, and among women from 24.5 % to 28.6 %, respectively. According to calculations based on data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, the prevalence of obesity among men increased from 8.5 % in 1994 to 16.6 % in 2022, and among women from 21.1 % to 27.5 %, respectively. After 2012, there was no significant increase in obesity prevalence in any of the age groups, with the possible exception of 15–24-year-old men and women aged 65 and older. The data suggests that the obesity epidemic in Russia has stabilized and the increase in the prevalence of obesity in recent years was largely due to the population aging. Also, Rosstat data show an increase in obesity prevalence during the COVID-19 pandemic from 23.0 % in 2019 to 25.0 % in 2021, while the rate remained at the same level (24.9 %) in 2022. In the structure of obesity calculated on the basis of Rosstat data, obesity of the I degree prevails both among men (80.5 %) and women (68.1 %). Conclusion. The growing prevalence of obesity in Russia, given the associated risks of morbidity and mortality, raises concerns and requires appropriate public health measures.
Selected approaches to the study of social efficiency in the organization of medical care with the use of remote technologies
Authors: Fedotkina S. A. , Muzaleva O. V. , Khugaeva E. V. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Sociological surveys are a reliable source of information about the quality of medical care provided. Assessing the subjective opinions of all participants in the treatment and preventive process about the organization of medical care allows for timely adjustments to the volume and quality of medical services provided. The study of subjective assessments of medical personnel about the quality of medical care provided determines its effectiveness and requires additional research. The purpose of the study is to study the opinions of medical workers, assess the influence of possible factors on the responses of respondents, in connection with the inclusion of remote blood pressure monitoring in their functional responsibilities. Materials and methods. Study was conducted on the basis of two city clinics of St. Petersburg No. 19 and 91. The materials were data from a sociological survey of medical workers who took part in organizing the provision of medical care using remote blood pressure monitoring to patients of the cardiology follow-up group in the period from 2018 to 2022. Results. An analysis was carried out of the influence of some factors on the respondents’ answers in connection with the inclusion of remote blood pressure monitoring in their functional responsibilities. Conclusion. Data processing showed that, in general, this led to an increase in the satisfaction of medical workers with various aspects of professional activity related to communication processes in the team – improved mutual understanding with colleagues and management and a decrease in the number of conflicts with patients. Regarding factors of labor organization and remuneration, significant resources were noted to determine directions for their solution.
Problems of depression in neurological practice
Authors: Zarubina N. V. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. Depressive disorders have ceased to be only the task of psychiatrists. Depression is detected in patients with a somatic and neurological profile as a reaction to the disease, and may be the cause of the disease. The number of above-mentioned pathologies remains unknown to date. The main task for health care organizers is the need to build an algorithm for the identification, registration and treatment of depressive disorders in patients with combined pathologies. This article discusses depressive disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis. The purpose of the study: to study depressive disorders and factors influencing depression in patients with multiple sclerosis. Materials and methods. 203 patients with clinically confirmed diagnosis of MS participated. Taking into account the course of the disease, MS patients were distributed: with a remitting (RRS) type of MS course 88.2 % (179 people) and 11.8 % (24 people) with a secondary progressive course (RRS). The average age of the examined patients with remitting course (RRS) ranged from 15 to 63 years, on average 38 ± 10 years. The age of the examined patients with HPV is in the range from 29 to 65 years, on average (46 ± 9.00) years. The majority of patients had a disease duration of less than 20 years, on average 8.23±6.57 years. The average age of onset of the disease is 30.2±10.5 years. The duration of the disease is 9.84 ± 0.73 years, while the level of disability of patients (score in points on the Expanded Disability Status Scale/EDSS) at the time of examination was 2.89 ± 0.16 points. The disability index varied in patients with RRS2.89 ± 0.16 points, in patients with RRS (5.0 ± 0.24) points. Results and discussion. 55.7 % (113 people) of MS patients were diagnosed with depression, of which 80.5 % (91 people) and 19.5% (22 people) of patients with a remitting (RRS) course and a secondary progressive course of the disease (RRS). More than 54.8 % (62 people) had mild and moderate depressive manifestations, 39.8 % (45 people) most often had mixed anxiety-depressive disorder, recurrent depressive disorder, then depressive episodes. It was revealed that the development of depression in patients with a remitting course is influenced by: «disease duration» PC p = 0.00333**, «disability level» p = 0.0457* and «personal anxiety» p = 0.0194. In patients with a secondary progressive course, depression is influenced by the following factors: «situational» p = 0.0398* and «personal anxiety» p = 1.740. The social status determined that patients with «MS without depression» who were married were statistically less likely to suffer from depression and maintained their working capacity longer (p < 0.001). Conclusion. Depressive disorders are the leading disorders in neurological patients, but their number and severity of symptoms are often ignored by specialists. Therefore, the health authorities are faced with the task of building a clinical and organizational algorithm for the identification of depressive disorders, as well as their timely medical correction.
Assessment of physical factors of the educational environment in schools of the Chelyabinsk region and their influence on students’ adaptation
Authors: Zorina I. G. , Sokolov V. D. , Makarova V. V. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The health of children and adolescents is a criterion of their body’s relationship with the environment and is formed under the influence of a complex set of social, biological and environmental factors. Educational organizations are the only system of public education that covers the entire child and adolescent population of the country for a long period of time. Physical factors of the intra-school environment affect the physiological processes of the body of schoolchildren and ensure adaptation to physical exertion. The purpose of the study: to study and evaluate the physical factors of the educational environment in schools of the Chelyabinsk region in the dynamics of five years and the adaptive potential of students. Materials and methods. Statistical, mathematical and instrumental research methods are used in the work. The conditions of physical education classes in 10 schools in the cities of the Chelyabinsk region from 2018–2022 were studied and an assessment of physical performance was carried out in 102 students of grades 8–9. It was found that the largest share was accounted for by objects classified as medium risk and moderate risk in 2020–82.8 %. Results. The proportion of educational institutions that do not meet sanitary and hygienic standards in terms of artificial illumination and electromagnetic studies remained high and amounted to 14.2 % and 8.9%, respectively, excess air temperature was detected in 20 % of the studied schools. In 60 % of the schools studied, outdoor sports grounds have not been repaired since they were put into operation. Conclusion. 26.7 % of respondents showed satisfactory adaptation to physical exertion, 73.3 % (2.8 times more) of respondents noted the strain of adaptation mechanisms. The number of students with overweight and revealed stress of adaptation mechanisms was 66.7 %, and with a lack of body weight, this figure was 2.1 times less and amounted to 28.5 %. A third (33.3 %) of overweight respondents showed satisfactory adaptation, while underweight students showed 2.2 times higher (71.5 %).
The commitment of the population of the Russian Federation to healthy nutrition
Authors: Chigrina V. P. , Tyufilin D. S. , Kobyakova О. S. , Salagay O. O. 
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The increase in the number of diseases associated with malnutrition has reached global proportions and has become a serious problem for health systems around the world. For example, in the United States, about 36 % of the adult population is obese, in Russia, Georgia and the Republic of Belarus this figure ranges from 21% to 24%. Foreign experience (the Netherlands and the USA) illustrates that the population’s idea of proper nutrition is unrealistic: underestimation of high fat intake, low consumption of vegetables and fruits, etc., relative to their daily allowance, misconception in assessing the balance of their own diet, etc. The purpose of the study: to study the commitment of the population to proper nutrition and to determine the factors influencing people’s choice. Materials and methods. In this work, a questionnaire method was used using a developed questionnaire consisting of seven blocks and 46 questions. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using the programs Statistica for Windows version 10.0 and R-studio. Results. 2,731 respondents over the age of 18 (45.7 % men and 54.3 % women) from all regions of the Russian Federation took part in the survey. Only 5 % (n = 136) replied that they constantly adhered to proper nutrition, a large proportion preferred not to do it at all (43.4 %, n = 1,186) and a third – from time to time (37.3 %, n = 1,018). In addition, it is important that 14.3 % of respondents (n = 391) found it difficult to answer the question, which is most likely due to a lack of understanding of what the concept of «proper nutrition» includes. The parameters related to the observance of proper nutrition by the respondents were female gender, high financial status and regular breakfast intake. In addition, non-smokers, as well as people who, when choosing food in the store, paid attention to the composition, calorie content and the inscription «GMO-free»/ «Sugar-free»/ «Healthy food», had a higher chance of adhering to a proper diet compared to the rest of the participants. Conclusion. It is necessary to increase the commitment and awareness of the population about proper nutrition, focusing primarily on men, obese people, low financial status, workers/employees/specialists, smokers, who often ate at night, ate semi-finished products at home, and ate everything that was on the plate to the end.
US Public Interest in Merkel Cell Carcinoma Following Jimmy Buffett’s Death and Implications for Continued Health Advocacy: Infodemiology Study of Google Trends
Authors: Haight Macy , Jacobs Hayden R , Boltey Sarah K , Murray Kelly A , Hartwell Micah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Through Jimmy Buffett’s unfortunate battle with lymphoma originating from Merkel cell carcinoma and subsequent media coverage of his death, public interest in skin cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, and the health effects of sunlight exposure increased, as evidenced by our results.