bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Nelson Thomas E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter begins by recounting how the author became interested in value recruitment and some of his travels and experiences conducting the research. In doing so, the chapter introduces the two case studies discussed in the book and makes the argument for why values are important for the study of political attitudes and communication. The chapter also describes why scholarship stresses the importance of values in social and political life, and it highlights some of the puzzling and contradictory findings in values research. The case is made that although values are enduring individual dispositions, their relationship to politics can change with the political context, including the communication context. It is suggested that attending to how values are recruited by communicators can help make sense of some of the inconsistencies in the research record.
Yellowstone Experiments
Authors: Nelson Thomas E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes experiments that explore the psychological impact of value recruitment rhetoric. It studies how the tactics identified during interviews on snowmobiling in Yellowstone National Park affect respondents’ perceptions about the relevance and priority of different values with regard to the winter use issue and ultimately their opinions about permitting snowmobiling in Yellowstone. Among other findings, it is shown that even ardent snowmobilers can wrest the environmentalist mantle from snowmobile opponents. The chapter shows that institutional role assignment rhetoric, wielded by both sides (but especially snowmobile opponents), can significantly influence individual judgments about the role of the national parks system and corresponding opinions about winter use policy. For example, value recruitment can affect whether snowmobiling is judged consistent with the park’s mission.
Conclusion
Authors: Nelson Thomas E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter reiterates the theoretical claims on behalf of value recruitment and summarizes the evidence presented to support the claim that value recruitment is ubiquitous in politics. It shows that although value recruitment has been a vital part of the intelligent design and winter use controversies, it can be found at the heart of many other issues, including gun control and abortion, and features prominently in electoral campaigning. The chapter maintains that value recruitment must be appreciated to understand fully the strategies and tactics of political entrepreneurs as well as the sources and dynamics of mass political attitudes. The chapter offers a frank assessment of the limitations of the evidence presented in the book and discusses potential future directions in value recruitment research.
Contesting Home, Claiming Antifascism, and Confronting the West
Authors: Amar Tarik Cyril 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 6 explores key aspects of The Invisible Visor. It addresses the question of a German “Heimat” and where to find it, in East or West Germany. The Invisible Visor’s “Detjen Narrative” is explained as an idealized depiction of the first decades of East Germany, in effect, an origin myth, which had its equivalent in West Germany, too. The chapter also discusses the claims and reality of antifascism in East Germany. Focusing on the legacies and memories of Nazism and World War II as well, it details the antagonistic yet complicated relationship of East Germany with both West Germany and the West in general. The chapter also addresses Visor’s massive evasion of the Holocaust, which it sets in the context of the history of deliberate forgetting and memory in both East and West Germany, with particular attention to film and television.
Chaucerian in Training, 1913–23
Authors: Bowers John M. , Steffensen Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tolkien’s early work on Chaucer, from 1913 to 1925, began with his undergraduate student essay “The Language of Chaucer” and included note-taking from the Oxford University English lectures “Chaucer and His Contemporaries” as well as his undergraduate notebook on Troilus and Criseyde. His first job at the Oxford English Dictionary acquainted him with a range of Chaucer editions. Early reviews in the Times Literary Supplement and The Year’s Work in English Studies show his expert knowledge of Chaucer when he was a member of the English department at Leeds University. Frequently, this early work shows an interest in topics that would continue to draw Tolkien’s close attention in later years. Sometimes, it also anticipates aspects of his fiction.
The Reeve’s Tale, 1928–44
Authors: Bowers John M. , Steffensen Peter 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Tolkien’s fascination with the dialect humour of the Reeve’s Tale began while he was editing his Clarendon Chaucer, and it culminated in a 70-page paper for the Philological Society, “Chaucer as a Philologist: The Reeve’s Tale”. In 1939 he was asked by the Poet Laureate to dress up as Chaucer and recite the Reeve’s Tale for the Oxford Summer Diversions; for this, he produced as a programme an experimental edition which he believed restored the poet’s original fourteenth-century language. He expanded this edition with a glossary and “Chaucerian Grammar” as a text for teaching Navy cadets in 1944. We reproduce these items here, with additional commentary.
Syphilis
Authors: Davis Arielle P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Syphilis is an ancient but still clinically relevant disease. There has been a resurgence of syphilis, particularly in high-income countries and among men who have sex with men. Invasion of the central nervous system occurs early in the course of the bacterial spirochete infection. Neurosyphilis may manifest at any stage of syphilis. Early forms of neurosyphilis include meningitis and meningovascular disease while late forms include general paresis and tabes dorsalis. Neurocognitive effects of syphilis may be seen in symptomatic neurosyphilis, but some evidence suggests a prior history of syphilis or asymptomatic neurosyphilis may also incur risk of cognitive dysfunction.
Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy of Childhood
Authors: Suntornlohanakul Rabporn , Yeh E. Ann 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare central nervous system disorder characterized clinically by encephalopathy, fever, and seizures. Mortality ranges from 5 percent to 14 percent of cases. Characteristic neuroimaging abnormalities are seen in the thalamus and pons but may also include the basal ganglia, cerebellum, cerebral cortex, and periventricular white matter. It most frequently occurs in association with influenza virus but has been described in association with multiple other viruses and some bacteria. A mutation in the RANBP2 gene is seen in a proportion of ANEC cases. Poor cognitive outcomes have been reported in ANEC, although more research on long-term outcomes is needed.
The Silesian Wars
Authors: Otte T. G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The Seven Years’ War tested the military system created by Frederick II and his predecessors to near-destruction. It survived, and in doing so it confirmed a new continental, indeed global, dynamic in great power politics. This chapter examines the build-up to the First Silesian War (1740–2) in its German and wider European context, the attempts by the emperor Charles VI to secure succession to the imperial title in the female line, and subsequent emergence of a rival claimant to that title. It takes the reader through the outbreak of the War of the Austrian Succession (1740–8), the decision by Frederick II of Prussia to exploit the succession crisis for his own ends, the conquest of the rich province of Silesia, and the subsequent two Austro-Prussian contests (1744–5 and 1756–63) up to the eve of the battle of Leuthen.
Finding her Story
Authors: Moreira Isabel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 introduces Balthild’s life story as a slave who married King Clovis II, had sons who became kings, and who ended her life in retirement at the convent of Chelles, a favored royal residence. Balthild must have loved the spot because she chose Chelles as the place to found a convent. The chapter discusses the authorship of the earliest, Merovingian Vita Balthildis, and its author’s decision to place emphasis on her origins as a slave. While lost to historical record, the chapter reconstructs what Balthild’s childhood could have been like using modern archaeological studies of childhood in Anglo-Saxon England.
Carmen in Diaspora
Authors: Wilks Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Carmen in Diaspora explores why the Carmen story, which originally appeared in Prosper Mérimée’s eponymous 1845 novella and came to prominence through Georges Bizet’s 1875 opera, has proven such fertile material for popular recreations in African diasporic settings. Carmen’s source texts not only suggest nineteenth-century French negotiations of blackness via the Romani community to which the title figure belongs but also provide provocative frameworks through which to examine conceptions of Black womanhood and self-determination in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Through analyses of Mérimée and Bizet; the Harlem Renaissance novels The Blacker the Berry (1929), Banjo (1929), and Romance in Marseille (2020); the US movie musicals Carmen Jones (1954) and Carmen: A Hip Hopera (2001); the Senegalese and South African feature films Karmen Geï (2001) and U-Carmen eKhayelitsha (2005), respectively; and the Cuban-set stage musical Carmen la Cubana (2016), Carmen in Diaspora examines how these works illuminate the cultural currents of the nineteenth-century European context in which the character was born and allow creators, performers, and audiences to interrogate social categories, particularly gender, race, and sexuality, in contemporary Europe, North America, Africa, and the Caribbean. It is an adaptation study that emphasizes connections formed through the transposition rather than imposition of European culture as it considers how artists have brought—and continue to bring—new energy, vision, and life to the story of opera’s most famous character.
“The Queen of Havana”
Authors: Wilks Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Drawing on performance ethnography, cultural history, and critical reception, Chapter 5 examines how the musical play Carmen la Cubana—conceived by British director Christopher Renshaw and written by Renshaw, Cuban playwright Norge Espinosa Mendoza, and British dramatist Stephen Clark—adapts Prosper Mérimée, Georges Bizet, and Oscar Hammerstein while celebrating Cuban culture and contending with its racial entanglements. From the outset, the musical reverses the cultural hierarchies of its French predecessors, with Afro-Caribbean music and spirituality taking center stage and European-identified culture assuming a supporting role. The story aligns Carmen’s destiny with that of Cuban revolutionary heroes Fidel Castro and Che Guevara and grounds the character in Afro-Cuban culture. In contrast with previous versions, the character’s embrace of love and defiance is represented as central to a large-scale political project rather than disruptive to it. Carmen la Cubana’s reign as the queen of Havana is nonetheless abbreviated, however. This familiar outcome can be traced not only to the legacy of the Carmen myth but also to the history of race in Cuba, particularly the practice of negotiating desire and freedom through the bodies and culture of people of color. Just as the nineteenth-century Spain of Mérimée’s imagination cannot accommodate the persistent refusal of an outspoken Romani woman, so, it would seem, Carmen la Cubana ultimately becomes expendable when she resists subsuming her life within the larger political project of Cuban statehood.
Epilogue
Authors: Wilks Jennifer M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
After briefly reviewing how women performers in the book’s case studies influenced the development of the Carmen productions in which they starred, the Epilogue considers how two recent women-led versions of Bizet’s opera illustrate its continued vitality and adaptability. Directed by Sara E. Widzer, Opera Orlando’s 2021 Carmen transposed the story to 1960s Haiti and featured dialogue in Haitian Kreyòl. The company notably partnered with the local Greater Haitian American Chamber of Commerce and Haitian linguist Dr. Jean-Élie Gilles on the effort. Helmed by mezzo-soprano Denyce Graves, the 2022 Minnesota Opera–Glimmerglass Festival co-production retained the work’s Spanish setting but restored dialogue that deepened the characterization of José. Graves’s production also featured inclusive casting and styling that honored the legacy of Carmen while increasing its resonance with contemporary life. The Epilogue closes by asserting that this proliferation of new productions—with more on the horizon and many of them also directed by women—speaks to the rich histories and boundless possibilities of both Mérimée and Bizet’s title character and the Romani and Black women through whom her story has been recounted.
Britten and Pears: The Beauty and Nobility of Human Love
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Britten’s War Requiem, as shall be argued in Part II, suggests that despite humanity’s errors and sufferings, human love remains beautiful and noble. Throughout his career, Britten connected these ideas with his deep and lasting love for singer Peter Pears, with whom he shared a thirty-nine-year artistic, domestic, and romantic partnership. This chapter studies that love against the background of Britain’s persecution of homosexuals, showing how the two men manifested their love’s integrity in a series of works that Britten wrote for Pears, usually playing the piano as Pears sang. It studies portions of Illuminations (1939), Seven Sonnets of Michelangelo (1940), Holly Sonnets of John Donne (1945), and Winter Words (1953).
Reconciliation: Aldeburgh, Wolfenden, Coventry
Authors: Nussbaum Martha C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Reconciliation is a central theme of the War Requiem. This chapter studies this theme in Britten’s career leading up to that work, showing Britten seeking his own reconciliation with a Britain that had oppressed and marginalized him. First, Britten and Pears founded the Aldeburgh Festival in their own hometown as a musical offering to the nation, which endures to this day. In this context the chapter studies two works performed there: Canticle I and the opera Albert Herring. Meanwhile, the Wolfenden Commission recommended the decriminalization of same-sex acts between men, a recommendation that was not turned into law until 1967, but which immediately altered the social climate. Finally, this chapter examines the history of commissions for the rededication of Coventry Cathedral in 1962.
Use Psychological Theory, Don’t Let It Use You
Authors: Anderson James William 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Foisting a psychological theory onto the subject of a psychobiography is a fatal mistake. Instead, theory should open up, not close down; provide new questions, not easy answers; complicate, not simplify; generate possibilities, not reductions. No one theory should be thought of as the exclusive way of understanding a subject. William James noted, “[N]either the whole of truth nor the whole of good is revealed to any single observer, although each observer gains a partial superiority of insight from the particular position in which he [or she] stands.” Hence psychobiographers can draw fertile concepts from the body of psychological theory and use them as the information about the subject seems to indicate their applicability. A particular trap is psychiatric diagnosis because it simplifies people when we want to gain access to their complexity. Individuals looked at in this chapter include Gandhi, Lincoln, Ingmar Bergman, and anti-Apartheid activists Albertina Nontsikelelo Sisulu and Ruth Heloise First.
Executing Psychobiography
Authors: Anderson James William 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter describes the main themes of the book in relation to a short study by the author of the relationship between two brothers: psychologist and philosopher William James and novelist Henry James. It presents a short psychobiographical essay on the two brothers and interweaves comments about executing psychobiography. The essay explores the intimate, troubled, loving, conflicted connection between William and Henry. The focus is on three episodes in their lives. Henry attempted to buy a house, told William, and then became troubled, even tearful, when William gave him advice. William offered Henry advice on Henry’s writings, brilliant but critical advice, and again Henry was upset. Late in life, Henry developed a psychiatric illness that included depression and anorexia, and he turned to William and William’s wife for help. The chapter explicates the author’s process in writing this essay on the James brothers.
Between Here and There
Authors: Morales Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Between Here and There is the first history of the creation of modern US-Mexico migration patterns narrated from multiple geographic and institutional sites. This book analyzes the interplay between the US and Mexican governments, civic organizations, and migrants on both sides of the border and offers a revisionist and comprehensive view of Mexican migration as it was established in the early twentieth century and reproduced throughout the century as a socioeconomic system that reached from Texas borderlands to western agricultural regions like California as well as to Midwestern farming and industrial areas. The book illustrates how large-scale migration became entrenched in the socioeconomic fabric of the United States and Mexico. Mexican migration operates through an interconnected transnational migrant economy made up of self-reinforcing local economic logics, information diffusion, and locally based transnational social networks. From central Mexico, the book expands across the United States and back to Mexico to show how the migrant economy spread and reacted to the political and economic crisis in the 1930s. In the 1930s, migrants fought for recognition in both societies. Those who returned to Mexico used an expansive vision to lay claim to citizenship and land there. Those who stayed in the United States joined efforts to lay claim to better pay, working conditions, and rights from the New Deal state, creating a base for later organizing. These dynamics shaped the establishment of the Bracero Program that brought in more than four million workers and has continued to frame large-scale Mexican migration until today.
Navigating the Borderlands
Authors: Morales Daniel 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A transnational and borderland, rather than a local or frontier, perspective highlights the connections that allowed the Mexican people not only to survive but to organize. Through their actions, Mexicans created an infrastructure of brokers and associational networks that sustained their communities and guided them as they made their way through both Mexico and the United States. As families developed strategies for navigating immigration controls, they pushed back on those who sought to control their movement and labor in small and large ways. They relied upon the continual flow of information to find jobs and to keep moving. While organizing and strikes were not the most common forms of resistance, they were not rare either. The same system of circular migration and flow of information that tied communities together facilitated the spread of labor organizing across the borderlands.
Patent Trolls and the Demise of the Injunction
Authors: Barnett Jonathan M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The widely held narrative of “patent failure” has relied on the view that patent litigation is dominated by opportunistic infringement claims brought by non-practicing entities, described pejoratively as “patent trolls.” This view has gained widespread adoption in the scholarly literature and has influenced courts’ application of the Supreme Court’s 2006 decision in eBay v. MercExchange, which has significantly limited the availability of injunctive relief for patent owners against adjudicated infringers. Closer examination of the evidence shows varying estimates of the percentage of infringement litigation brought by non-practicing entities, heterogeneity in the business functions provided by non-practicing entities, and ambiguous evidence concerning the economic effects of non-practicing entities in the tech ecosystem.
Mobilizing Music in Wartime British Film
Authors: Wiebe Heather 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Mobilizing Music in Wartime British Film traces a preoccupation with art music and total war that animates 1940s British films. From acclaimed films such as The Red Shoes and Brief Encounter to experimental documentaries, colonial propaganda films, and largely forgotten melodramas, music was persistently given a central role in the action. These films are driven by questions around the efficacy of art music, not just in the conventional sense of uplift or morale-building, but as a sonic force acting on bodies, minds, and materials—as a resource to be mobilized or demobilized. Their elaborations of these questions have much to tell us about World War Two Britain, but they also speak to issues around the efficacy of music more broadly, and to more contemporary pressures on the arts to be useful and productive. In their concerns with music and wartime life away from the battlefront, these films offer insight into the affective experience of war—not just as violence and trauma, but also as everyday boredom and melancholy, as loneliness, helplessness, and disappointment. Most of all, they show how music was used to test the limits of “total war,” and to conceptualize its new reach into all corners of life.
“A Classic of the Masses”
Authors: Wiebe Heather 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the popularity of Richard Addinsell’s Warsaw Concerto in wartime Britain in order to excavate a middlebrow “concert industry,” its overlaps with film, and the critical anxieties it spawned. One of the musicians most associated with this work was the Australian pianist Eileen Joyce, who embodied an ideal of social and cultural mobility but also a type of populism widely held in suspicion. Turning to the audiences who embraced Joyce and the Warsaw Concerto, and to the film Dangerous Moonlight for which the concerto was written, the chapter traces a reflexivity about the issues of commodifying and mechanizing emotion that so worried its critics, suggesting how the Warsaw Concerto might cast light on the compressed space of feeling in wartime.
Democracy’s Shadow
Authors: Keum Tae-Yeoun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers the problem of populism in Plato’s political thought. Strictly speaking, to discuss populism in the context of the age of Plato is an anachronism. Yet efforts to define the notoriously elusive term “populism” have often coalesced around an opposition between populism and constitutional democracy, where the former represents a special, derivative kind of subversion of the latter. Such a broadly construed tension between a more orthodox form of democracy and its populist counterpart has an important precedent in ancient Athenian political discourse leading up to the age of Plato. In fact, ancient Athenian political thinkers had developed a comparable concept of a kind of shadow democracy that, while parasitic on democracy, ultimately undermined democratic ends. The chapter recasts Plato as a participant in the political tradition devoted to imagining such a tension between democracy and its inversion.