bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The peritoneum: healing, immunity, and diseases
Authors: Capobianco Annalisa , Cottone Lucia , Monno Antonella , Manfredi Angelo A , Rovere‐Querini Patrizia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe peritoneum defines a confined microenvironment, which is stable under normal conditions, but is exposed to the damaging effect of infections, surgical injuries, and other neoplastic and non‐neoplastic events. Its response to damage includes the recruitment, proliferation, and activation of a variety of haematopoietic and stromal cells. In physiological conditions, effective responses to injuries are organized; inflammatory triggers are eliminated; inflammation quickly abates; and the normal tissue architecture is restored. However, if inflammatory triggers are not cleared, fibrosis or scarring occurs and impaired tissue function ultimately leads to organ failure. Autoimmune serositis is characterized by the persistence of self‐antigens and a relapsing clinical pattern. Peritoneal carcinomatosis and endometriosis are characterized by the persistence of cancer cells or ectopic endometrial cells in the peritoneal cavity. Some of the molecular signals orchestrating the recruitment of inflammatory cells in the peritoneum have been identified in the last few years. Alternative activation of peritoneal macrophages was shown to guide angiogenesis and fibrosis, and could represent a novel target for molecular intervention. This review summarizes current knowledge of the alterations to the immune response in the peritoneal environment, highlighting the ambiguous role played by persistently activated reparative macrophages in the pathogenesis of common human diseases. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of safety‐related regulatory actions by Japan's pharmaceutical regulatory agency
Authors: Ishiguro Chieko , Misu Takashi , Iwasa Eiko , Izawa Tadashi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the safety‐related regulatory actions implemented by Japan's Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency (PMDA) in 2012.MethodsWe analyzed serious safety issues appended to drug package inserts (PIs) in Japan in 2012. The issues were characterized according to drug class, adverse event, years since drug approval, initiator of regulatory actions, revised section of PI, and evidence source. We also quantified the durations from signal detection to tentative decision and from tentative decision to regulatory action.ResultsWe identified 144 serious safety issues during the study period, and the majority of evidence originated from spontaneous reports (83.5%). The PMDA initiated regulatory actions for half of all safety issues, and the median duration from drug approval to regulatory action was 8 years (interquartile range [IQR], 3–26.5 years). The median duration was 49 days (IQR, 0–362 days) from signal detection to tentative decision and 84 days (IQR, 63–136 days) from tentative decision to regulatory action. Several safety issues involving older drugs and multiple products had protracted decision‐making durations.ConclusionsMost safety issues led to prompt regulatory actions predominantly based on spontaneous reports. Some safety issues that were not easily detected by the spontaneous reporting system were identified years after approval. In addition, several safety issues required assessments of multiple drug products, which prolonged the decision‐making process.
Risk of liver decompensation with cumulative use of mitochondrial toxic nucleoside analogues in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfection
Authors: Lo Re Vincent , Zeldow Bret , Kallan Michael J. , Tate Janet P. , Carbonari Dean M. , Hennessy Sean , Kostman Jay R. , Lim Joseph K. , Goetz Matthew Bidwell , Gross Robert , Justice Amy C. , Roy Jason A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurposeAmong patients dually infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV), use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing mitochondrial toxic nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (mtNRTIs) might induce chronic hepatic injury, which could accelerate HCV‐associated liver fibrosis and increase the risk of hepatic decompensation and death.MethodsWe conducted a cohort study among 1747 HIV/HCV patients initiating NRTI‐containing ART within the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (2002‐2009) to determine if cumulative mtNRTI use increased the risk of hepatic decompensation and death among HIV‐/HCV‐coinfected patients. Separate marginal structural models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) of each outcome associated with cumulative exposure to ART regimens that contain mtNRTIs versus regimens that contain other NRTIs.ResultsOver 7033 person‐years, we observed 97 (5.6%) decompensation events (incidence rate, 13.8/1000 person‐years) and 125 (7.2%) deaths (incidence rate, 17.8 events/1000 person‐years). The risk of hepatic decompensation increased with cumulative mtNRTI use (1‐11 mo: HR, 1.79 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.74‐4.31]; 12‐35 mo: HR, 1.39 [95% CI, 0.68‐2.87]; 36‐71 mo: HR, 2.27 [95% CI, 0.92‐5.60]; >71 mo: HR, 4.66 [95% CI, 1.04‐20.83]; P = .045) versus nonuse. Cumulative mtNRTI use also increased risk of death (1‐11 mo: HR, 2.24 [95% CI, 1.04‐4.81]; 12‐35 mo: HR, 2.05 [95% CI, 0.68‐6.20]; 36‐71 mo: HR, 3.04 [95% CI, 1.12‐8.26]; >71 mo: HR, 3.93 [95% CI, 0.75‐20.50]; P = .030).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that cumulative mtNRTI use may increase the risk of hepatic decompensation and death in HIV/HCV coinfection. These drugs should be avoided when alternatives exist for HIV/HCV patients.
Proteomic Analysis of Neuroblastoma‐Derived Exosomes: New Insights into a Metastatic Signature
Authors: Colletti Marta , Petretto Andrea , Galardi Angela , Di Paolo Virginia , Tomao Luigi , Lavarello Chiara , Inglese Elvira , Bruschi Maurizio , Lopez Ana Amor , Pascucci Luisa , Geoerger Birgit , Peinado Hector , Locatelli Franco , Di Giannatale Angela 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNeuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial pediatric solid tumor. Around 70% of patients with metastatic disease at diagnosis present bone‐marrow infiltration, which is considered a marker of poor outcome; however, the mechanism underlying this specific tropism has to be elucidated. Tumor‐derived exosomes may support metastatic progression in several tumors by interacting with the microenvironment, and may serve as tumor biomarkers. The main objective of this study is to identify an exosomal signature associated with NB metastatic bone‐marrow dissemination. Therefore, the proteomic cargo of exosomes isolated from NB cell lines derived from primary tumor and bone‐marrow metastasis is characterized. The comparison among exosomal proteins show 15 proteins exclusively present in primary tumor‐derived exosomes, mainly involved in neuronal development, and 6 proteins in metastasis‐derived exosomes related to cancer progression. Significant proteins obtain with statistical analysis performed between the two groups, reveal that primary tumor exosomes contain a higher level of proteins involved in extra‐cellular matrix (ECM) assembly and adhesion, as well as in neuronal development. Exosomes isolated from bone‐marrow metastasis exhibit proteins involved in ameboidal cell migration and mitochondrial activity. This work suggests that proteomic profiling of NB‐derived exosomes reflects the tumor stage and may be considered as potential tumor biomarker.
Assisted autogenic drainage in infants and young children hospitalized with uncomplicated pneumonia, a pilot study
Authors: Corten Lieselotte , Jelsma Jennifer , Human Anri , Rahim Sameer , Morrow Brenda M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground and purposePneumonia is the most important respiratory problem in low‐to‐middle income countries. Airway clearance therapy continues to be used in children with pneumonia and secretion retention; however, there is lack of evidence to support or reject this treatment. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a randomized controlled trial (RCT) on the efficacy and safety of assisted autogenic drainage (AAD) compared to standard nursing care in children hospitalized with uncomplicated pneumonia.MethodsA single‐blinded pilot RCT was conducted on 29 children (median age 3.5 months, IQR 1.5–9.4) hospitalized with uncomplicated pneumonia. The intervention group received standard nursing care with additional bi‐daily AAD, for 10 to 30 min. The control group only received standard nursing care, unless otherwise deemed necessary by the physician or physiotherapist. The primary outcome measure was duration of hospitalization. The secondary outcome measures included days of fever and supplemental oxygen support; respiratory rate (RR) and heart rate adjusted for age; RR and oxygen saturation pre‐, post‐, and 1‐hr post‐treatment; oxygen saturation; adverse events; and mortality.ResultsNo difference was found for duration of hospitalization (median 7.5 and 7.0 days for the control and intervention groups, respectively); however, Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a strong tendency towards a shorter time to discharge in the intervention group (p = .06). No significant differences were found for the other outcome measures at time of discharge. No adverse events were reported. Within the intervention group, a significant reduction in RR adjusted for age was found.DiscussionAs no adverse events were reported, and AAD did not prolong hospitalization; AAD might be considered as safe and effective in young children with uncomplicated pneumonia. However, a larger multicentred RCT is warranted to determine the efficacy of AAD compared to standard nursing care.
Slippage and immobilization detection for planetary exploration rovers via machine learning and proprioceptive sensing
Authors: Gonzalez Ramon , Apostolopoulos Dimi , Iagnemma Karl 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a new methodology where machine learning is used for detecting various levels of slip in the context of planetary exploration robotic missions. This methodology aims at employing proprioceptive rover sensor signals. Consequently, no operational complexity is added to the rover's commanding and it is independent of lighting conditions. Two supervised learning methods (Support Vector Machines and Artificial Neural Networks) are compared to two unsupervised learning approaches (K‐means and Self‐Organizing Maps (SOM)). Physical experiments using a single‐wheel testbed equipped with an MSL spare wheel and a real planetary exploration rover validate the implemented methodology. Performance is evaluated in terms of well‐known metrics both considering single data points and subsets of consecutive data points (moving median filter). Computation time and storage requirements are also examined. One of the SOM‐based algorithms, semantic SOM method, demonstrates a proper balance between the benefits of supervised learning algorithms (high success rate, >96%) and the advantages of unsupervised learning methods (low storage requirements, 5 kb, and no need of manually‐labeled training data). This paper also addresses the most convenient placement of IMU sensors on the rover chassis such that slippage detection is maximized.
Frequency recovery techniques for TM/TC satellite modem in critical scenarios
Authors: Fanfani Alessio , Morosi Simone , Ronga Luca , Del Re Enrico 
Published: July 2017

SummaryReliability and effectiveness are essential features of satellite transceivers for telemetry and telecommand applications. Modem performance has a strong impact on the success of a satellite mission, in particular, during critical scenarios as the early operation phase, the disposal of a satellite at the end of its life, or the deep‐space missions. In these specific mission critical scenarios, fast and correct data reception is even more important than high channel capacity. An unknown and fast variable channel condition, which can be caused by uncertain spacecraft attitude and large Doppler shift with respect to the data rate, requires efficient and innovative receiver architecture. This paper introduces a complete digital implementation of a transceiver for TM/TC application in low Earth orbit mission that is perfectly compliant with aforementioned requirements. Particular attention is dedicated to the definition and selection of the most appropriate frequency recovery technique; 2 open‐loop techniques that are derived from ML optimal estimator are presented and compared. Additionally, the performance of the proposed receiver is extensively studied and compared with an incoherent technique that is based on the double differential PSK modulation and is known to be suitable for sat‐com in critical scenarios.
Porous Carbon Nanofibers Encapsulated with Peapod‐Like Hematite Nanoparticles for High‐Rate and Long‐Life Battery Anodes
Authors: Xia Guanglin , Gao Qili , Sun Dalin , Yu Xuebin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFe2O3 is regarded as a promising anode material for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to its high specific capacity. The large volume change during discharge and charge processes, however, induces significant cracking of the Fe2O3 anodes, leading to rapid fading of the capacity. Herein, a novel peapod‐like nanostructured material, consisting of Fe2O3 nanoparticles homogeneously encapsulated in the hollow interior of N‐doped porous carbon nanofibers, as a high‐performance anode material is reported. The distinctive structure not only provides enough voids to accommodate the volume expansion of the pea‐like Fe2O3 nanoparticles but also offers a continuous conducting framework for electron transport and accessible nanoporous channels for fast diffusion and transport of Li/Na‐ions. As a consequence, this peapod‐like structure exhibits a stable discharge capacity of 1434 mAh g−1 (at 100 mA g−1) and 806 mAh g−1 (at 200 mA g−1) over 100 cycles as anode materials for LIBs and SIBs, respectively. More importantly, a stable capacity of 958 mAh g−1 after 1000 cycles and 396 mAh g−1 after 1500 cycles can be achieved for LIBs and SIBs, respectively, at a large current density of 2000 mA g−1. This study provides a promising strategy for developing long‐cycle‐life LIBs and SIBs.
β‐mangostin suppresses human hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion through inhibition of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 expression and activating the ERK and JNK pathways
Authors: Huang Chien‐Feng , Teng Ying‐Hock , Lu Fung‐Jou , Hsu Wen‐Hung , Lin Chia‐Liang , Hung Chia‐Chen , Tung Jai‐Nien , Hsieh Yi‐Hsien , Liu Chung‐Jung 
Published: July 2017

Abstractβ‐mangostin is a dietary xanthone that has been reported to have the anticancer properties in some human cancer cell types. However, the antimetastatic effect and molecular mechanism of β‐mangostin action in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells remain unknown. In this study, we found that β‐mangostin did not induce cytotoxicity in human HCC cells (SK‐Hep‐1, Huh‐7 and HA22T/VGH cells). β‐mangostin could inhibit migration and invasion of human HCC cells. Meanwhile, β‐mangostin significantly decreased the protein activities and expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 and MMP‐9 via increasing the activation of MEK1/2, ERK1/2, MEK4 and JNK1/2 signaling pathways. Furthermore, using specific inhibitor for ERK1/2 (PD98059) and JNK1/2 (JNKII) significantly restored the expression of MMP‐2/‐9 and invasion by β‐mangostin treatment in Huh‐7 cells. In addition, β‐mangostin effectively restored the protein levels and transcription activity of MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in siERK or siJNK‐transfected Huh‐7 cells, concomitantly with promotion on cell migration and invasion. Taken together, these findings are the first to demonstrate the antimetastatic activity of β‐mangostin against human HCC cells, which may act as a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC.
QSAR modeling, docking and ADMET studies for exploration of potential anti-malarial compounds against Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Qidwai Tabish 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDevelopment of resistance in thePlasmodium falciparumto Artemisinin, the most effective anti-malarial compound, threatens malaria elimination tactics. To gain more efficacious Artemisinin derivatives, QSAR modeling and docking was performed. In the present study, 2D-QSAR model and molecular docking were used to evaluate the Artemisinin compounds and to reveal their binding modes and structural basis of inhibitory activity. Moreover, ADMET-related descriptors have been calculated to predict the pharmacokinetic properties of the effective compounds. The correlation expressed as coefficient of determination (r2) and prediction accuracy expressed in the form of cross-validated r2(q2) of QSAR model are found 0.9687 and 0.9586, respectively. Total 239 descriptors have been included in the study as independent variables. The four chemical descriptors, namely radius of gyration, mominertia Z, SssNH count and SK Average have been found to be well correlated with anti-malarial activities. The model was statistically robust and has good predictive power which could be employed for virtual screening of proposed anti-malarial compounds. QSAR and docking results revealed that studied compounds exhibit good anti-malarial activities and binding affinities. The outcomes could be useful for the design and development of the potent inhibitors which after optimization can be potential therapeutics for malaria.
Correlation between serum and salivary phenytoin drug metabolite levels to phenytoin influenced gingival overgrowth in adult male subjects. A prospective cohort study
Authors: Sridharan Srirangarajan , Priyanka S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Background To correlate serum and salivary phenytoin drug metabolite levels in males to phenytoin influenced gingival overgrowth (PIGO).
Methods Thirty male patients who are to start with oral phenytoin therapy were recruited. Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI), and Oral hygiene index (OHI) were recorded. Basic periodontal therapy was performed. Patients were followed up at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months intervals. Based on the gingival status they were divided in to two groups; Group1 (responders) and Group 2 (non responders). Serum and Salivary samples were analyzed for the drug metabolite levels spectophotometrically.
Results The mean values of phenytoin drug metabolite levels in serum of group 1 and group 2 subjects were 14.5 ± 2.6 μg/ml and 14.2 ± 1.7 μg/ml respectively, with p value of 0.66. The corresponding mean values of phenytoin drug metabolite levels saliva were 1.42 ± 0.34 μg/ml and 1.38 ± 0.37 μg/ml with p value of 0.75. Correlation of phenytoin drug metabolite to PI, GI, and OHI in both the groups did not show any statistical significance. (R values ranging from −0.229 to 0.434). Correlation between the serum and salivary drug metabolites in both the responder and non responder group also did not show any statistically significant relationship.
Conclusion No correlation between the drug concentration in either the serum or saliva can be correlated to PIGO. Whole Saliva could be a useful tool in therapeutic drug monitoring of phenytoin.
Clinical relevance Scientific rationale: To assess and compare the drug metabolite levels in serum and saliva of a neurologic condition where therapeutic drug concentration is of key importance to minimize the side effects. Principle finding: Saliva could be as useful as serum in deciding the drug concentration of phenytoin. And PIGO is not related drug concentrations. Practical implication: Monitoring the drug dosage is of paramount importance for the success of antiepileptic therapy as well as control of its side effects. This longitudinal study confirms that saliva could be an effective alternative to serum for monitoring drug dosage of phenytoin.
Amyloid β concentrations and stable isotope labeling kinetics of human plasma specific to central nervous system amyloidosis
Authors: Ovod Vitaliy , Ramsey Kara N. , Mawuenyega Kwasi G. , Bollinger Jim G. , Hicks Terry , Schneider Theresa , Sullivan Melissa , Paumier Katrina , Holtzman David M. , Morris John C. , Benzinger Tammie , Fagan Anne M. , Patterson Bruce W. , Bateman Randall J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionCerebrospinal fluid analysis and other measurements of amyloidosis, such as amyloid‐binding positron emission tomography studies, are limited by cost and availability. There is a need for a more practical amyloid β (Aβ) biomarker for central nervous system amyloid deposition.MethodsWe adapted our previously reported stable isotope labeling kinetics protocol to analyze the turnover kinetics and concentrations of Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in human plasma.ResultsAβ isoforms have a half‐life of approximately 3 hours in plasma. Aβ38 demonstrated faster turnover kinetics compared with Aβ40 and Aβ42. Faster fractional turnover of Aβ42 relative to Aβ40 and lower Aβ42 and Aβ42/Aβ40 concentrations in amyloid‐positive participants were observed.DiscussionBlood plasma Aβ42 shows similar amyloid‐associated alterations as we have previously reported in cerebrospinal fluid, suggesting a blood‐brain transportation mechanism of Aβ. The stability and sensitivity of plasma Aβ measurements suggest this may be a useful screening test for central nervous system amyloidosis.
The marketplace of ideology: “Elective affinities” in political psychology and their implications for consumer behavior
Authors: Jost John T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn abundance of research in political psychology demonstrates that leftists and rightists (or liberals and conservatives) diverge from one another in terms of: (a) personality characteristics; (b) cognitive processing styles; (c) motivational interests and concerns; (d) the prioritization of personal values; and (e) neurological structures and physiological functions. In this article, I summarize these findings and discuss some of their implications for persuasion, framing, and advertising; consumer choice, judgment, decision‐making, and behavior; and customer satisfaction/dissatisfaction and politically motivated boycotts. I conclude that the theory and practice of consumer psychology will be enriched by taking into account ideological asymmetries and the ways in which human behavior both reflects and gives rise to left–right divergence in political orientation—not only in terms of beliefs, opinions, and values but also in terms of underlying psychological processes.