bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Designation Practices and Perceptions of Addiction – a Diachronic Analysis of Finnish Press Material from 1968–2006
Authors: Hellman Matilda 
Published: December 2017

The study is a diachronic investigation into how addiction is designated in the leading Finnish daily newspaper in the period 1968–2006. It discusses how different designations practices for the concept of addiction are reflected in understanding of the phenomenon. Material and Proceedings Newspaper materials consisting of randomly sampled (n=432) issues of Helsingin Sanomat (HS) served as a base for the investigation. Texts were selected that discuss addiction in ways set out in the inclusion criteria. A total of 34 (=n) texts were analyzed more closely, taken from the years 1972, 1982, 1992 and 2002. Results Two main tendencies can be discerned from the 1990s and onwards. The journalistic pieces start to work an internalization of the problems, i.e. they mediate a perspective from within the problems. Simultaneously, the concept of addiction becomes conventionalized and its use expanded. The cultural unit of addiction starts to include all types of problematic repetitive behavior. The article discusses how these trends serve the general trends towards individualization and medicalization. The expert statements accounted for in the media guide the individual–-the citizen, the consumer, the potential or actual addict–-in the landscape of the logics and mechanisms of addiction.
School-based programmes that seem to work
Authors: Pape Hilde 
Published: December 2017

H. Pape: School-based programmes that seem to work: Useful research on substance use prevention or suspicious stories of success? School-based prevention programmes targeted at adolescent substance use rarely seem to have the desired effects on behaviour. It is true that some outcome studies do conclude that such programmes have been successful, but they are relatively few and far between. Even so, one may ask whether the body of published research in this field may originate from unrealistic optimism due to publication bias and underreporting of no or counterproductive effects. Thus, anecdotal evidence suggests that the literature is biased in favour of studies with positive findings. Moreover, nearly all these studies have been carried out by programme developers, and it is well known that researchers with vested interests are more likely to bring “good news” than independent researchers. Indeed, rather than approaching the field with critical reflection, some evaluators have intended to prove that school-based prevention works and have conducted their research accordingly. Examples of questionable analytical approaches and selective reporting of positive ifindings are consequently not hard to find. The external validity of evaluation studies with favourable outcomes is also often questionable because they almost exclusively have assessed the effects of programmes delivered under optimal rather than real-life conditions. In conclusion, the empirical “evidence” in favour of school-based substance use prevention programmes is generally weak and does not allow recommendation of widespread dissemination of any specific programme.
Vulnerable, guilty or on their own?
Authors: Kouvonen Petra 
Published: December 2017

P. Kouvonen: Vulnerable, guilty or on their own? Institutional identities of substance abusing children and families within Finnish child welfare In light of the multiple and sometimes contradictory demands within the current discourse on child welfare, this paper explores institutional approaches within Finnish child welfare to conceptualizing individuals with problematic substance use. The data consist of observations of everyday life and institutional client-meetings in three so-called professional foster homes in the Helsinki area. Three different interpretative repertoires dealing with problems related to substance use among children and their families were identified in the analysis. In the first approach a strictly regulated policy regarding the use of substances was combined with support. In the second approach, substance use was approached with stronger demands for self-regulation and with less support. The guiding principle seems to have been trust. In the final approach, severe and prolonged behavioral problems were dealt with. Punitive responses were also seen to be present. The main finding was that those with severe problems were met with less support and more demands for self-regulation. As a last resort, repressive approaches were suggested. It therefore seemed like the autonomy offered for those with very little resources created obligations and demands that were hard to meet for the child alone. A possible conclusion is that a more humane perception, which also takes into account possible unfavorable structural factors leading to behavioral problems, could benefit the single child. A more coherent, overarching substance use policy could further help professionals in charge of difficult and threatening situations.
Substituent-Dependent Stimuli Recognition of Luminescent Gold(I) Chloride Complexes Based on Diarsenic Ligands
Authors: Imoto Hiroaki , Nishiyama Shintaro , Naka Kensuke 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Stimuli-responsive gold(I) chloride complexes were developed based on a diarsenic ligand, cis-1,4-dihydro-1,4-dimethyl-2,3,5,6-tetrakis(alchoxycarbonyl)-1,4-diarsinine (cis-DHDA). The crystals of the complexes showed intense luminescence due to the aurophilic interactions. Interestingly, methyl- and t-butyl substituted cis-DHDAs offered different stimuli-responsive behaviors accompanied with emission color changes. The crystal samples of the complexes with both ligands changed their emission colors by mechanical stimulus such as grinding in a mortar, but the effect of CH2Cl2-treatment for the recovery of the original emission was dependent on the substituent structures. Furthermore, only the crystals of the complex with t-butyl substituted cis-DHDAs showed vapochromic luminescence. These differences arise from steric hindrance of substituents at the ester groups. Relationship between chemical structure and emission behaviors was studied based on a simple ligand backbone.
Enhanced Adsorption Selectivity of Aromatic Vapors in Carbon Capsule Film by Control of Surface Surfactants on Carbon Capsule
Authors: Ji Qingmin , Qiao Xu , Liu Xinbang , Jia Hongbing , Yu Jong-Sung , Ariga Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Carbon capsules with mesoporous wall and hollow interior were used to fabricate the sensing thin films for volatile aromatic vapors. To grow the thin film based on convenient layer-by-layer (LbL) process, carbon capsules need precoating with surfactants to assist their dispersion into aqueous solution. The influence of the surface covered surfactants on the adsorption selectivity of the corresponding carbon capsule film on aromatic vapors is studied. The results showed that poly (styrene sulfonate) (PSS) which is mainly covered on the outer surface of carbon capsules may be of benefit for higher accessibility of vapors with benzonoid nature to the carbon surfaces. A more enhanced adsorption selectivity to aromatic vapors is thus achieved compared to the cases of (sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) and poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH)), which can be fully or partial filled into the pores of carbon capsule.
Comparison of strength and anaerobic characteristics of sedentary women and men according to flexibility variable<p>Sedanter kadın ve erkeklerin esneklik değişkenine göre kuvvet ve anaerobik güç özelliklerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: Aslan Cem Sinan , Eyuboğlu Ender , Dalkıran Oguzhan , Özer Uğur 
Published: December 2017

The aim of the study was to determine whether the levels of flexibility capacity of sedentary individuals are effective on vertical jump, leg strength and anaerobic power characteristics. Flexibility, vertical jump, leg strength and anaerobic power characteristics of 250 sedentary participants (137 male and 113 female) were determined. The median value of the participant’s flexibility measurement results was found, and groups were formed based on their low and high flexibility capacity and gender. Differences between the groups were determined using the "Independent Sample t-Test" analysis method included in the SPSS 13 statistical program. Significance was set as 0,05. As a conclusion, comparison results of groups that were formed according to low and high flexibility capacity without gender discrimination, the group with higher flexibility has significantly higher values than lower flexibility group in point of leg strength and anaerobic power. There was no significant difference on vertical jump between groups. According to these results, the level of flexibility in sedentary individuals causes difference between leg strength and anaerobic power properties.Extended English abstract is in the end of Full Text PDF (TURKISH) file.ÖzetBu çalışmada amaç; sedanter bireylerin esneklik kapasitesinin düşük ya da yüksek olmasının dikey sıçrama, bacak kuvveti ve anaerobik güç özellikleri üzerinde etkili olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Çalışmaya dâhil olan 137 erkek, 113 kadın toplam 250 sedanter katılımcının esneklik, dikey sıçrama, bacak kuvveti ve anaerobik güç özellikleri belirlendi. Katılımcıların esneklik ölçüm sonuçlarının medyan değeri bulunarak, bu değere göre düşük ve yüksek esneklik kapasitesi ve cinsiyet göz önüne alınarak gruplar oluşturuldu. SPSS 13 istatistik programı içerisinde yer alan “Independent Sample t-Test” analiz yöntemi kullanılarak gruplar arası farklılıklar tespit edildi. Anlamlılık 0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak; cinsiyet ayrımı olmadan, sadece düşük ve yüksek esneklik kapasitesine göre oluşturulan grupların karşılaştırılma sonuçlarına göre, yüksek esneklik değerlerine sahip grubun bacak kuvveti ile anaerobik güç değerleri, düşük esneklik kapasitesine sahip gruba göre anlamlı derecede yüksek çıkmıştır. Dikey sıçrama değerleri açısından iki grup arasında fark çıkmamıştır. Bu sonuçlara göre; sedanter bireylerde esneklik kapasitesinin yüksek ya da düşük olması bacak kuvveti ve anaerobik güç özellikleri arasında anlamlı fark oluşturmaktadır.
Obstetric outcome of floating head in primigravida at term
Authors: Pahwa Sangeeta , Kaur Arshdeep , Nagpal Madhu 
Published: December 2017

Background: Engagement of head is the most important event in labor which decides obstetric outcome. Floating head in primigravida at term is considered an important obstetric risk factor. Cephalopelvic disproportion, occipito-posterior position and deflexed head should be suspected in most cases of floating head. Present study was conducted to determine the outcome of labor in primigravida with floating head at term. The primary objectives of the study was to analyse the progress of labor, need of medical and surgical interventions and fetomaternal outcome. The secondary objective was to find out the rate of caesarean section for floating head in all situations whether elective or emergency in labor.Methods: This study was conducted in department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology SGRDIMS and R, Sri Amritsar on 100 primigravida subjects with floating head at term admitted through OPD admissions for induction of labor /spontaneous labor or referred from outside directly in early labor.Results: In present study the mean age was 24.95±3.01 years. The youngest case was 19 years old and eldest being 32 yrs old. The mean height was 151±3.41. At the time of admission 21% of cases had floating head, 55% cases were at -3 station, 17% of cases had -2 station, with only 7% of cases had -1 station. 56% of women delivered by caesarean section, 8% by forceps assisted vaginal delivery and 36% by normal vaginal delivery. The mean duration of labor was more in free floating and -3 stations in comparison to -2, or -1 stations. The need for augmentation was more in higher head stations. Mean birth weight was 2.84±0.31, it was more in higher fetal stations in comparison to lower fetal stations. No significant maternal and fetal morbidity was seen. There was no significant difference in the Mean APGAR score of higher head stations in comparison to lower fetal stations.Conclusions: Primigravida with floating head at term and during labor should be managed cautiously. By proper monitoring and maintenance of partogram most of these cases deliver vaginally and without any maternal and fetal morbidity. The attitude of watchful expectancy and timely intervention will be used in all cases, especially in those appearing to be taking a protracted course.
The effect of baseline serum luteinizing hormone levels on follicular development, ovulation, conception and pregnancy outcome in infertile patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Shanmugham Deepa , Vidhyalakshmi R. K. , M. Shivamurthy H. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine disorder in infertile women. Raised tonic levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) is one of the main endocrinological disturbances in PCOS patients. Objective of present study was to evaluate the effect of baseline serum luteinizing hormone levels on follicular development, ovulation and conception and pregnancy outcome in infertile patients with PCOS.Methods: This is a prospective study conducted on 50 consecutive infertile patients with PCOS. Baseline Day 2 serum luteinizing hormone concentration was done in selected patients. Ovulation induction was done with clomiphene citrate 100 mg from Day 3 to Day 7 of the cycle. Then patients were monitored for follicular development, ovulation, conception and early pregnancy loss.Results: The mean age of the patients is 25±3.6 yrs. The average duration of infertility is 5.4 yrs (2-10). The mean basal serum LH concentration in patients who ovulated was significantly low (5.6 IU) in comparison with patients who did not ovulate (10.1 IU). The mean basal serum LH concentration in patients who conceived was 3.9 IU in comparison with patients who did not conceive (5.9 IU) which was statistically significant (p=0.04). Out of 15 patients who conceived, 3 patients (20%) had early pregnancy loss.Conclusions: Tonic hyper secretion of LH results in premature oocyte maturation, causing the problems with fertilization and miscarriage. Inappropriately raised LH appears to have deleterious effects on the pregnancy outcome.
La protesta in italiano L2: un caso di autoapprendimento della pragmatica
Authors: Ottaviani Anna Vittoria , Vedder Ineke 
Published: December 2017

Questo contributo rende conto di un esperimento condotto nell’ambito della pragmatica acquisizionale. In quanto ha compreso in un arco di tempo limitato un numero circoscritto di partecipanti, lo studio ha carattere qualitativo ed esplorativo. Sei studenti universitari di madrelingua olandese si sono cimentati, sulla piattaforma multimediale online LIRA, in un percorso di autoapprendimento della pragmatica relativo all’atto della protesta in italiano L2. I partecipanti sono stati coinvolti nella registrazione, prima e dopo la fase di autoapprendimento, di due role-play - ad alto e basso grado di familiarità. L’ipotesi preliminare è che il repertorio di modificatori interni ed esterni, ossia strategie che conferiscono una maggiore efficacia all’atto comunicativo, si arricchisca e si diversifichi. Lo studio presenta inoltre alcuni elementi relativi all’insegnamento ed apprendimento della pragmatica, alle caratteristiche di LIRA, alla protesta ed alle strumentazioni per la raccolta dei dati, tra cui quella da noi prescelta: il role-play.
Politeness strategies in complaints in Italian: A study on IFL learners and Italian native speakers
Authors: Marocchini Eleonora 
Published: December 2017

This paper reports on an ongoing study of Dutch native speakers learning Italian as a foreign language in a guided learning context. The study compares native and non-native realization patterns of complaints, both in terms of the type of expression of judgment and the request for reparation performed (following the classifications suggested by Nuzzo, 2007), and of the use of modifiers. Special attention is given to the potential effects of learners’ language proficiency levels on the native- likeness of their realization patterns and of the quantity and variety of modifiers they used. Methods consisted of a sociolinguistic questionnaire, a written discourse completion test, and a conditional inference trees analysis of the production of 23 learners attending a B1 level course, 19 learners attending a B2 level course, and 23 native Italian speakers.
Cardiovascular Risk Factors among First Year Medical Students
Authors: Dangol Raj Krishna , Koju Bibek , Lanjekar Priya , Pulipati Chandrashekhar 
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Detection of cardiovascular risk in young age is important to motivate them to modify life styles and seek health care early to lower the chances of acquiring cardiovascular disease in later age. This study was done to assess cardiovascular risk factors among first year medical students.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted throughout September and October 2017 in which all first year medical students from a medical college were assessed for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors. Participants’ demography, family history of illness, anthropometric measurements, and blood reports of lipid profile and fasting glucose were acquired. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-21).
Result: There were 99 participants; 55 males and 44 females. One or more risk factors were present in 87 (87.9%) participants. Moreover, 67.7% (n = 67) participants had more than one risk factors. Low HDL-cholesterol was the most common (n = 55, 55.6%) risk factor followed by elevated triacylglycerol (n = 47, 47.5%) and family history of hypertension (n = 45, 45.5%). There was no significant difference in presence of various risk factors between genders.
Conclusion: There was higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors among first year medical students. Majority of them had more than one risk factors. Low HDL-cholesterol was the most common risk factor. The risk factors were comparable in males and females.
EKSPERIMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT FACILITATOR AND EXPLAINING (SFE) BERBANTUAN ALAT PERAGA KOTAK IMAJINASI DITINJAU DARI KECERDASAN SPASIAL
Authors: Zahra Chairunnisa , Widyawati Santi , Ningsih Eka Fitria 
Published: December 2017

Pembelajaran kooperatif Tipe Student Facilitator and Explaining (SFE) adalah suatu model pembelajaran dimana siswa belajar mempresentasikan ide atau pendapatnya pada rekan yang lain, sedangkan alat peraga kotak imajinasi merupakan salah satu jenis alat peraga tiga dimensi yang berbentuk kubus dan balok. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (quasy experiment) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembelajaran dengan model pembelajaran SFE berbantuan alat peraga kotak imajinasi dan pembelajaran langsung sekaligus mengetahui kecerdasan spasial. Penelitian dilakukan di SMP Ma’arif 1 Metro Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017 dengan populasi seluruh siswa kelas VIII yang terdiri dari 3 kelas, pengambilan sampel dengan cara cluster random sampling. Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan uji analisis variansi dua jalan sel tak sama dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 diperoleh nilai Fobs 5,89 yang merupakan anggota Daerah Kritis {F│F >4,028} sehingga H0 ditolak. Hal ini berarti bahwa terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar antara siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran SFE berbantuan alat peraga kotak imajinasi dan model pembelajaran langsung. Kemudian dalam perhitungan hipotesis dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05 diperoleh nilai Fobs 74,88 yang merupakan anggota daerah kritis{F│F>3,178}sehingga H0 ditolak. Ini berarti semua kategori kecerdasan spasial siswa tinggi, sedang dan rendah memberikan efek yang berbeda terhadap prestasi belajar matematika siswa.
EFEKTIVITAS VISUALIZATION AUDITORY KINESTETIC DAN TWO STAY TWO STRAY BERBANTUAN LECTORA TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SMA
Authors: Rahmawati Noviana Dini , Buchori Achmad , Hermawan Jody Setya 
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini di latar belakangi dengan pentingnya hasil belajar siswa. Alternatif pembelajaran untuk meningkatkan kemampuan tersebut adalah menggunakan model Visualization Auditory Kinestetic dan Two Stay Two Stray berbantuan software Lectora. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keefektifitas model Visualization Auditory Kinestetic dan Two Stay Two Stray berbantuan software Lectora terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Metode penelitian ini adalah kuasi eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI SMA Kesatrian 2 Semarang. Sampel penelitian adalah kelas XI MIPA 1 sebagai kelas dengan model Visualization Auditory Kinestetic berbantuan software Lectora, kelas XI MIPA 2 sebagai kelas dengan model Two Stay Two Stray berbantuan software Lectora dan kelas XI MIPA 3 sebagai kelas konvensional. Data penelitian ini diperoleh melalui post test. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan Anava satu jalur dengan yaitu menyebabkan ditolak, berarti terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa dengan model Visualization Auditory Kinestetic berbantuan software Lectora, Two Stay Two Stray berbantuan software Lectora dan konvensional. Selanjutnya digunakan uji pasca Anava antara kelas Visualization Auditory Kinestetic dan konvensional dengan menggunakan uji Scheffe’ menghasilkan yaitu menyebabkan ditolak, berarti model Visualization Auditory Kinestetic berbantuan software Lectora lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan model konvensional terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Uji pasca Anava antara kelas Two Stay Two Stray dan konvensional dengan menggunakan uji Scheffe’ menghasilkan yaitu menyebabkan ditolak, berarti Two Stay Two Stray berbantuan software Lectora lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pendekatan konvensional terhadap hasil belajar siswa.
Investigation on impacts of artisanal refining of crude oil on river bed sediments
Authors: Howard I.C. , Azuatola O.D. , Abiodun I.K. 
Published: December 2017

The impact of artisanal refining of crude oil on the river bed sediments of the study area was investigated by assessing some quality properties. The result showed some consistency across the stations of the study area; however there were some differences between the values of the test stations and control station indicating some level of impacts on the quality of the sediments. The mean values of the test stations are pH 3.3±0.7, E. conductivity -10.2±3.7 mS/cm, Salinity 19.0±4.0‰, PO43- 401.8±67.0 mg/kg, SO42- 279.8±52.8 mg/kg, NO3- 58.0±22.9 mg/kg, SO2 215±100.2 mg/kg, Cl- 97.4±89.8 mg/kg, TOM 45.6±51.4%, K+ 1.054±0.3 meq/100g, Na+ 6.385±2.5 meq/100g and Ca2+ 0.756±0.6 meq/100g while that of the control values are 4.15±0.55, 11.0±0.0, 12.2±0.6, 428.25±12.75, 294.9±8.2, 76.8±15.2, 148.75±23.75, 126±99, 20. 9±4.1, 0.798±0.34, 5.639±1.383 and 0.261±0.128, respectively. The result indicated that the said activities affected the pH, PO43-, SO42-, NO3-, Cl- etc. of the study area; as these values were consistently lower than that of the control station. Again some of the quality properties were higher or lower than those of the control station and some related studies within and outside the region of the study area indicating some impacts which could be mostly anthropogenic. These impacts if not checked and the make–shift refining of the crude oil stopped by the appropriate regulatory bodies could have some adverse effects on the aquatic life quality of the ecosystem.