bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ruin theoretic design approach for wireless cellular network sharing with facilities
Authors: Egan Malcolm , Peters Gareth W. , Nevat Ido , Shirvanimoghaddam Mahyar , Collings Iain B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWith the rise of cheap small cells in wireless cellular networks, there are new opportunities for third party providers to service local regions via sharing arrangements with traditional operators. In fact, such arrangements may be particularly desirable for large facilities—such as stadiums, universities, and mines—as they already need to cover property costs, and often have fiber backhaul and efficient power infrastructure. In this paper, we propose a network‐sharing arrangement between large facilities and traditional operators. Our network‐sharing arrangement consists of two aspects: leasing of data access and spectrum from traditional operators; and service agreements with users. As a consequence of the incorporation of the user service agreements into the sharing arrangement, financial as well as physical resource constraints need to be accounted for. This introduces a new dimension into wireless network resource allocation, which requires a new evaluation framework. To this end, we develop a framework based on ruin theory, where the key metric is the probability that the facility is insolvent within a fixed time period. We then investigate the effect of initial capital and physical layer parameters on the ruin probability, which provides insight into the robustness of the network‐sharing arrangement to varying conditions.
Differences in Trabecular Microstructure Between Black and White Women Assessed by Individual Trabecular Segmentation Analysis of HR-pQCT Images
Authors: Putman Melissa S , Yu Elaine W , Lin David , Darakananda Karin , Finkelstein Joel S , Bouxsein Mary L 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Black women have lower fracture risk compared with white women, which may be partly explained by improved volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone microarchitecture primarily within the cortical bone compartment. To determine if there are differences in trabecular microstructure, connectivity, and alignment according to race/ethnicity, we performed individual trabecular segmentation (ITS) analyses on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) scans of the distal radius and tibia in 273 peri- and postmenopausal black (n = 100) and white (n = 173) women participating in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation in Boston. Unadjusted analyses showed that black women had greater trabecular plate volume fraction, plate thickness, plate number density, and plate surface area along with greater axial alignment of trabeculae, whereas white women had greater trabecular rod tissue fraction (p &lt; 0.05 for all). Adjustment for clinical covariates augmented these race/ethnicity-related differences in plates and rods, such that white women had greater trabecular rod number density and rod-rod connectivity, whereas black women continued to have superior plate structural characteristics and axial alignment (p &lt; 0.05 for all). These differences remained significant after adjustment for hip BMD and trabecular vBMD. In conclusion, black women had more plate-like trabecular morphology and higher axial alignment of trabeculae, whereas white women had more rod-like trabeculae. These differences may contribute to the improved bone strength and lower fracture risk observed in black women. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Identification of Thermal Decomposition Products and Reactions for Liquid Ammonium Nitrate on the Basis of Ab Initio Calculation
Authors: Izato Yu‐Ichiro , Koshi Mitsuo , Miyake Atsumi 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThis work analyzed the thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN) in the liquid phase, using computations based on quantum mechanics to confirm the identity of the products observed in past experimental studies. During these ab initio calculations, the CBS‐QB3//ωB97XD/6–311++G(d,p) method was employed. It was found that one of the most reasonable reaction pathways is HNO3 + NH4+ → NH3NO2+ + H2O followed by NH3NO2+ + NO3– → NH2NO2 + HNO3. In the case in which HNO3 accumulates in the molten AN, alternate reactions producing NH2NO2 are HNO3 + HNO3 → N2O5 + H2O and subsequently N2O5 + NH4+ → NH2NO2 + H2O. In both scenarios, HNO3 plays the role of a catalyst and the overall reaction can be written as NH4+ + NO3– (AN) → NH2NO2 + H2O. Although the unimolecular decomposition of NH2NO2 is thermodynamically unfavorable, water and bases both promote the decomposition of this molecule to N2O and H2O. Thus AN thermal decomposition in the liquid phase can be summarized as NH4+ + NO3– (AN) → N2O + 2H2O.
Concentrated second‐harmonic generation from a single Al‐covered ZnS nanobelt
Authors: Hu Hongbo , Wang Kai , Long Hua , Han Xiaobo , Chen Jiawei , Wang Bing , Lu Peixiang 
Published: December 2016

AbstractHere we report on the hybrid nanostructures where a single ZnS nanobelt was half‐covered with an aluminum (Al) film, which is an ideal platform for studying the second‐harmonic generation (SHG) enhancement effects of the Al coating. It was fabricated by the lift‐off process and allowed for the accurate comparison of the SHG intensity between the Al‐covered and the same bare ZnS nanobelt under consistent test conditions. The results indicate that the Al coating in the hybrid nanostructures not only confines the pumping laser in the ZnS effectively, but also concentrates the emitted SHG signal greatly, increasing the signal collection efficiency. By the combination of these two effects, ∼60 times enhancement of the SHG intensity is achieved at the optimized geometry size (width and thickness) of the ZnS nanobelts. The Al‐based hybrid nanostructures open up new possibilities for low‐cost, highly efficient and directional coherent nanolight sources at short wavelengths.
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Enzyme Tunnels and Gates As Relevant Targets in Drug Design
Authors: Marques Sergio M. , Daniel Lukas , Buryska Tomas , Prokop Zbynek , Brezovsky Jan , Damborsky Jiri 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMany enzymes contain tunnels and gates that are essential to their function. Gates reversibly switch between open and closed conformations and thereby control the traffic of small molecules—substrates, products, ions, and solvent molecules—into and out of the enzyme's structure via molecular tunnels. Many transient tunnels and gates undoubtedly remain to be identified, and their functional roles and utility as potential drug targets have received comparatively little attention. Here, we describe a set of general concepts relating to the structural properties, function, and classification of these interesting structural features. In addition, we highlight the potential of enzyme tunnels and gates as targets for the binding of small molecules. The different types of binding that are possible and the potential pharmacological benefits of such targeting are discussed. Twelve examples of ligands bound to the tunnels and/or gates of clinically relevant enzymes are used to illustrate the different binding modes and to explain some new strategies for drug design. Such strategies could potentially help to overcome some of the problems facing medicinal chemists and lead to the discovery of more effective drugs.
Outcome and prognostic factors in high‐risk childhood adrenocortical carcinomas: A report from the European Cooperative Study Group on Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT)
Authors: Cecchetto Giovanni , Ganarin Alba , Bien Ewa , Vorwerk Peter , Bisogno Gianni , Godzinski Jan , Dall'Igna Patrizia , Reguerre Yves , Schneider Dominik , Brugières Laurence , Leblond Pierre , Ferrari Andrea , Brecht Ines , De Paoli Angela , Orbach Daniel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this retrospective international analysis was to evaluate the role of risk factors in pediatric patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) observed in European countries (2000–2013) in an attempt to identify factors associated with poor prognosis.ProceduresData were retrieved from databases of Germany, France, Poland, and Italy, which form the European Cooperative Study Group on Pediatric Rare Tumors (EXPeRT). Patients were less than 18 years old, with at least one of the following tumor‐related risk factors: metastases, volume more than 200 cm3, Cushing syndrome, vascular or regional lymph node invasion, initial biopsy, or incomplete excision. Role of patients’ age was also evaluated.ResultsEighty‐two patients were evaluated: 62 with localized disease and 20 with metastases. The 3‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 39% and 55% for the whole population, respectively, and 51% and 73% for localized diseases, respectively. Concerning the whole population, PFS and OS were influenced by distant metastases, tumor volume, lymph node involvement, age, and presence of two or more risk factors. Factors significant only at OS were vascular involvement and incomplete surgery. At multivariable analysis, the main factors at PFS were volume more than 200 cm3 (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.6, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.18–5.70) and presence of distant metastases (HR: 8.26, 95% CI: 3.49–19.51). The OS was significantly influenced by the presence of metastases (P < 0.0001). Concerning patients with localized tumors, the only significant prognostic factor was volume more than 200 cm3 with a HR of 4.38 (95% CI: 1.60–12.00) for PFS and of 3.68 (95% CI: 1.02–13.30) for OS.ConclusionsDistant metastases and large tumor volume were the main unfavorable prognostic factors. Presence of two or more factors related to ACC was associated with an aggressive behavior of disease.
Mass spectrometric study of thermodynamic properties in the Gd2O3‐Y2O3 system at high temperatures
Authors: Kablov Eugene N. , Stolyarova Valentina L. , Lopatin Sergey I. , Vorozhtcov Viktor A. , Karachevtsev Fedor N. , Folomeikin Yuriy I. 
Published: December 2016

RationaleThe Gd2O3‐Y2O3 system possesses a number of practical applications, one of the most important of them being production of casting molds for gas turbine engine blades. The components of this system are often added to zirconia or hafnia to obtain high‐temperature ceramics which are used for the development of thermal barrier coatings. However, Gd2O3 and Y2O3 are more volatile than zirconia or hafnia and may vaporize selectively during synthesis or usage of high‐temperature materials which may lead to changes in their physicochemical properties. Therefore, information on the vaporization processes and thermodynamic properties of the Gd2O3‐Y2O3 system is of great importance.MethodsHigh‐temperature Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry was used to study the vaporization processes and to determine the thermodynamic properties of the Gd2O3‐Y2O3 system. Measurements were performed with a MS‐1301 mass spectrometer. Vaporization was carried out using a tungsten twin effusion cell containing the sample under study and pure Gd2O3 as a reference substance. Electron ionization at an energy of 25 eV was employed.ResultsAt the temperature of 2630 K, GdO, YO and O vapor species were identified over the samples in the Gd2O3‐Y2O3 system. The Gd2O3 and Y2O3 activities and the vaporization rates of samples as functions of composition in the Gd2O3‐Y2O3 system were derived from the partial pressures of the vapor species mentioned. Using these data the Gibbs energy of mixing and excess Gibbs energy of the hexagonal solid solution in this system were calculated at 2630 K.ConclusionsThe thermodynamic properties of the Gd2O3‐Y2O3 system, such as the activities of components and the excess Gibbs energy, obtained in the present study using Knudsen mass spectrometry at 2630 K, demonstrated significant negative deviations from ideal behavior. The vaporization rates of the samples were found to decrease as the Y2O3 content increased. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical fitness level affects perception of chronic stress in military trainees
Authors: Tuch Carolin , Teubel Thomas , La Marca Roberto , Roos Lilian , Annen Hubert , Wyss Thomas 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis study investigated whether physical fitness affects the perception of chronic stress in military trainees while controlling for established factors influencing stress perception. The sample consisted of 273 men (20.23 ± 1.12 years, 73.56 ± 10.52 kg, 1.78 ± 0.06 m). Physical fitness was measured by progressive endurance run (maximum oxygen uptake; VO2max), standing long jump, seated shot put, trunk muscle strength, and one leg standing test. Perceived stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Questionnaire in Weeks 1 and 11 of basic military training (BMT). VO2max and four influencing variables (perceived stress in Week 1, neuroticism, transformational leadership style, and education level) explained 44.44% of the variance of the increase in perceived stress during 10 weeks of BMT (R2 = 0.444, F = 23.334, p < .001). The explained variance of VO2 max was 4.14% (R2 = 0.041), with a Cohen's f2 effect size of 0.045 (assigned as a small effect by Cohen, ). The results indicate a moderating influence of good aerobic fitness on the varied level of perceived stress. We conclude that it is advisable to provide conscripts with a specific endurance training program prior to BMT for stress prevention reasons.
Effectiveness of contemporary techniques for reducing livestock depredations by large carnivores
Authors: Miller Jennifer R. B. , Stoner Kelly J. , Cejtin Mikael R. , Meyer Tara K. , Middleton Arthur D. , Schmitz Oswald J. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTMitigation of large carnivore depredation is essential to increasing stakeholder support for human–carnivore coexistence. Lethal and non‐lethal techniques are implemented by managers, livestock producers, and other stakeholders to reduce livestock depredations by large carnivores. However, information regarding the relative effectiveness of techniques commonly used to reduce livestock depredations is currently lacking. We evaluated 66 published, peer‐reviewed research papers that quantitatively measured livestock depredation before and after employing 4 categories of lethal and non‐lethal mitigation techniques (livestock husbandry, predator deterrents and removal, and indirect management of land or wild prey) to assess their relative effectiveness as livestock protection strategies. Effectiveness of each technique was measured as the reported percent change in livestock losses. Husbandry (42–100% effective) and deterrents (0–100% effective) demonstrated the greatest potential but also the widest variability in effectiveness in reducing livestock losses. Removal of large carnivores never achieved 100% effectiveness but exhibited the lowest variation (67–83%). Although explicit measures of effectiveness were not reported for indirect management, livestock depredations commonly decreased with sparser and greater distances from vegetation cover, at greater distances from protected areas, and in areas with greater wild prey abundance. Information on time duration of effects was available only for deterrents; a tradeoff existed between the effectiveness of tools and the length of time a tool remained effective. Our assessment revealed numerous sources of bias regarding the effectiveness of techniques as reported in the peer‐reviewed literature, including a lack of replication across species and geographic regions, a focus on Canid carnivores in the United States, Europe, and Africa, and a publication bias toward studies reporting positive effects. Given these limitations, we encourage managers and conservationists to work with livestock producers to more consistently and quantitatively measure and report the impacts of mitigation techniques under a wider range of environmental, economic, and sociological conditions. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Small molecules as therapeutic agents for inborn errors of metabolism
Authors: Matalonga Leslie , Gort Laura , Ribes Antonia 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMost inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) remain without effective treatment mainly due to the incapacity of conventional therapeutic approaches to target the neurological symptomatology and to ameliorate the multisystemic involvement frequently observed in these patients. However, in recent years, the therapeutic use of small molecules has emerged as a promising approach for treating this heterogeneous group of disorders. In this review, we focus on the use of therapeutically active small molecules to treat IEM, including readthrough agents, pharmacological chaperones, proteostasis regulators, substrate inhibitors, and autophagy inducers. The small molecules reviewed herein act at different cellular levels, and this knowledge provides new tools to set up innovative treatment approaches for particular IEM. We review the molecular mechanism underlying therapeutic properties of small molecules, methodologies used to screen for these compounds, and their applicability in preclinical and clinical practice.
Coping with information style and family burden: Possible roles of self-stigma and hope among parents of children in a psychiatric inpatient unit
Authors: Hasson-Ohayon I. , Pijnenborg G.H.M. , Ben-Pazi A. , Taitel S. , Goldzweig G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectiveParents of children who are hospitalized in inpatient psychiatric units must cope with significant challenges. One of these challenges relates to the way in which they cope with illness-related information. The current study examined the relationship between two such coping styles – monitoring and blunting – and family burden among parents of children in a psychiatric inpatient unit. Moreover, the possible moderating roles played by hope and self-stigma in these associations were also examined.MethodsQuestionnaires regarding coping with information style, self-stigma, hope and family burden were administered to 70 parents.ResultsA main positive effect of hope and a main negative effect of self-stigma were uncovered. An interaction between self-stigma and monitoring was also revealed, suggesting that for parents with high self-stigma, compared to those with low self-stigma, more monitoring was related to more burden.ConclusionsTailoring family interventions according to coping style and self-stigma is highly recommended as a mean to reduce the family burden of parents whose child is hospitalized in a psychiatric inpatient unit.
The Strain Gradient Elasticity Theory in Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates and its Applications
Authors: Ji X. , Li A. Q. , Zhou S. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe strain gradient elasticity theory including only three independent material length scale parameters has been proposed by Zhou et al. to explain the size effect phenomena in micro scales. In this paper, the general formulations of strain gradient elasticity theory in orthogonal curvilinear coordinates are derived, and then are specified for the cylindrical and spherical coordinates for the convenience of applications in cases where orthogonal curvilinear coordinates are suitable. Two basic problems, one is the twist of a cylindrical bar and the other is the radial deformation of a solid sphere, are analyzed under the cylindrical and spherical coordinates, respectively. The results reveal that only the material length scale parameter l2 enters the torsion problem, while completely disappears in the problem of radial deformation of a sphere. The size effect of radial deformation of a solid sphere is controlled by the material length scale parameters l1 and l2. In addition, for the incompressible solid sphere especially, only the material length scale parameter l1 enters this radial deformation problem by neglecting the strain gradient terms associated with hydrostatic strains. Predictably, the present paper offers an alternative avenue for measuring the three independent material length scale parameters from bar twisting and sphere expansion tests.
Factors Associated with Cessation Activities amongst a Multiethnic Sample of Transit Workers
Authors: Cunradi Carol B. , Moore Roland S. , Battle Robynn S. 
Published: December 2016

Introduction: Transit workers are a blue-collar occupational group with elevated rates of smoking despite access to free or low-cost cessation services available through their health insurance as a union-negotiated employee benefit. Little is known about the influences on cessation participation in this workforce.Aims: The purpose of this study is to analyse the factors associated with past-year cessation activities amongst a multiethnic sample of transit workers.Methods: Cross-sectional tobacco surveys were completed by 935 workers at an Oakland, California, USA-based public transit agency. Data from 190 current smokers (68% African American; 46% female) were analysed. Adjusted odds ratios were calculated to identify factors associated with past-year cessation activity.Results: Approximately 55% of smokers stopped smoking for one day or longer during the past year in order to quit. Nearly half reported that the most common barrier to quitting was, ‘Not mentally ready to quit because I like smoking’. Workers in the contemplation/precontemplation stage for intention to quit were less likely to have engaged in cessation activities than those in the action/preparation stage (AOR = 0.34). Frequency of coworker encouragement for quitting was positively associated with past-year cessation activities (AOR = 3.25). Frequency of insomnia symptoms was negatively associated with cessation activity participation (AOR = 0.34).Conclusions: Most transit workers who smoke made a past-year quit attempt. Gaining insight into factors associated with participation in cessation activities can aid worksite efforts to promote cessation and reduce tobacco-related disparities.
A New Impedance Matching Method for an Ultra-Wide Band and Dual Circularly Polarised Feed
Authors: Li Sha , Yan Yi Hua , Wang Wei , Chen Zhi Jun , Liu Dong Hao , Zhang Fu Shun , Jeffrey Natasha 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn traditional antenna design, metal components are not placed in the central part of the antenna as they change the characteristics of near field radiation. However, we show that placing a metal ring in the centre of the strip lines, which connect the ends of folded high-frequency dipoles, does not damage the performance of the feed. Instead it significantly improves the voltage standing wave ratio of the feed whilst other performance indicators are not compromised. Thus, our findings show an excellent way of improving the wide band feed. Based on this foundation, a new circularly polarised feed for operation between 0.4 to 2 GHz is introduced for the Chinese Spectral Radioheliograph in this paper. The issue of a feed impedance matching network is investigated. By optimising the impedance matching, the performance of the feed is enhanced with respect to the previous realisations of the Eleven feed. The simulation and experimental results show that the gain of the feed is about 10 dBi, and the VSWR is less than 2:1. In addition, the feed has a low axial ratio, fixed phase centre location, and constant beam width in the range of 0.4 to 2 GHz.
Major and trace element geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic syn-glacial Fulu iron formation, South China
Authors: FENG LIANJUN , HUANG JING , LU DINGBIAO , ZHANG QIRUI 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Fulu iron formation (IF) is an iron-rich unit in the Neoproterozoic glacial successions, South China. The major element data suggest that the iron sources of the Fulu IF are derived from binary mixing from hydrothermal and detrital loads. The Fulu IF is characterized by slightly positive Eu anomalies similar to other Neoproterozoic IFs, indicating that a high-temperature hydrothermal input may contribute little to Neoproterozoic IFs. A shift from non-existent to slightly negative Ce anomalies of the Fulu IF indicates that the IF precipitated across an iron chemocline separating a weakly oxic surface ocean from an oxygen-depleted deep ocean.