bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience and perspective with intravascular imaging and invasive coronary physiology: Insights from allied health professionals
Authors: Abusnina Waiel , Merdler Ilan , Deible Regina , Estes Bailey , Salimes Bailey G. , Mintz Gary S. , Ben‐Dor Itsik , Satler Lowell F. , Waksman Ron , Case Brian C. , Hashim Hayder D. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough intravascular imaging (IVI) and invasive coronary physiology (ICP) are utilized in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with robust positive clinical evidence, their adoption in cardiac catheterization laboratories (CCLs) is still limited.AimsThe aim of our survey was to assess the perspectives on the experiences of allied health professionals in CCLs’ utility of IVI and ICP.MethodsAn anonymous online survey was conducted through multiple channels, including the Cardiovascular Research Technologies (CRT) 2023 Nurses and Technologists Symposium, social media, Cath Lab Digest link, and field requests, leading to diverse representation of allied health professionals.ResultsA total of 101 CCL members participated in the survey. First, 59% of responders noted an increased use of IVI in their institutions over recent years. For those experiencing an increase, 49% credited training, 45% emerging evidence, and 34% attributed new CCL members. Barriers to IVI usage were perceived increased procedure time (58%), staff resistance (56%), procedural cost (48%), and difficulty interpreting findings (44%). Regarding ICP, 61% reported using it in approximately 25% to 75% of cases, while 10% utilized it in 75% to 100% of CCL procedures. Interpreting ICP results was mixed, with 56% confident in interpreting all ICP results and 6% unable to interpret any ICP results.ConclusionOur findings highlight opportunities for increasing routine utilization of IVI and ICP in the CCL through allied health professionals. By providing education and training, we can elevate familiarity with the equipment and subsequently build a CCL culture that advocates for both IVI and ICP.
Safety, feasibility, and incremental value of ultralow and zero contrast PCI in an all‐comers registry
Authors: Sawant Abhishek C. , Patel Nachiket , Pershad Ashish 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients with chronic kidney disease and CAD have been denied revascularization because of fear of precipitating acute renal failure from contrast exposure. Skepticism on whether Ultra‐Low contrast percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or Zero contrast PCI (ULC/ZC PCI) can be safely performed has limited its adoption.MethodsThis observational registry enrolled 200 consecutive patients referred for elective PCI at a single center from June 2021 to December 2022. The study investigated whether the clinical outcomes of PCI performed with UL/ZC‐PCI (n‐48) were comparable to outcomes following standard PCI (n‐152).ResultsBoth groups were well matched in baseline and procedural characteristics. The groups had a highly statistical difference in the use of CV. Mean CV was 19.17 ± 7.29 cc in the ULC/ZC‐group and 147.14 ± 73.55 cc in the control arm. The principal findings of the study were that the incidence of ontrast‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) was eightfold lower in patients receiving UL/ZC compared to the control group that received standard PCI. The incidence of all‐cause mortality, myocardial infarction and major bleeding were similar in both groups. At 6 months, the decrement in renal function was lower in the group that received lower volumes of contrast.ConclusionsThis single center observational registry demonstrated that UL‐C/ZC‐PCI is safe and effective in a broad spectrum of complex lesions. The skillsets needed to perform this are teachable, widely applicable and do not require a large upgrade of capital equipment. AKI rates and decrement in renal function at 6 months were both significantly lower in the UL‐ZC group.
Kawasaki disease with profound systemic vascular involvements: An insightful pediatric case
Authors: Nadeem Naila , Ahmad Muhammad Nadeem , Malik Muhammad Haseeb , Zohaibuddin Mallick Muhammad , Ahmed Muhammad , Khan Faheemullah , Eltaly Hatem , Zafar Uffan 
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical MessageKawasaki disease (KD), a self‐limiting vasculitis, can present with a broader spectrum of vascular involvements, necessitating early recognition and prompt management. This case exemplifies the importance of involving multiple teams on board in managing complex presentations of KD. It also highlights the importance of close monitoring for the progression of the disease spectrum as well as family education to ensure favorable outcomes. The case also emphasizes the importance of long‐term follow‐up and further research to understand the prognosis, early screening tools, and possible complications due to multi‐organ involvement in KD along with their management strategies.AbstractKawasaki disease (KD) is a multisystem vascular inflammatory syndrome, which predominantly affects the small and medium vessels in children within the age group of less than 5 years. The most threatened complication is the development of coronary artery aneurysms (CAAs). We present an extremely rare case of KD in a 2‐month, 21‐day‐old male infant with extensive vascular involvement, expanding the disease spectrum beyond the involvement of coronary arteries. These included aneurysmal dilatations of both internal carotid arteries, the descending aorta, bilateral multilevel intercostal arteries, coeliac artery, superior mesenteric artery, and both renal arteries. Implementing a multidisciplinary approach with early treatment via intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and dexamethasone proved to be most effective in the patient's management. Despite unique challenges such as severe coronary dilation and pseudomonas sepsis during the special care, the patient was stabilized and discharged after 11 days of hospital stay, highlighting the importance of early prompt management and a centered approach to evaluate in a broader spectrum. This case emphasizes the importance of long‐term follow‐up and further research to understand the prognosis, early screening tools, and possible complications due to multi‐organ involvement in KD along with their management strategies.
Enhanced Catalytic Stability of Laccase Immobilized on Copper Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Suarez F. Javier , Santillán Sergio Ojeda , Vazquez‐Duhalt Rafael , Graeve Olivia A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study describe the design and catalytic activity of enzymatic nanoreactors based on copper oxide nanoparticles surface‐functionalized with laccase (CuO‐Lac) from Coriolopsis gallica. Transmission electron micrographs show complete laccase coverage on the nanoparticle surfaces. In addition, the catalytic rate (kcat) of the immobilized laccase is two‐fold higher at an optimized pH, when compared with free laccase, while the affinity constant (KM) is not significantly affected. Importantly, the total turnover number (TNN) of the CuO‐Lac nanoreactors reaches 358 ± 9 × 106 mol ABTS/mol laccase, which is four times higher than the TTN obtained for the free enzyme (88 ± 3 × 106). Thus, our nanoreactors exhibit a significant improvement in laccase catalytic performance. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to confirm the loss of copper ions from free laccase during the catalytic cycle, suggesting that the CuO nanoparticles act as a copper ion source that prevents enzyme inactivation. This work contributes to an improved understanding of the CuO‐laccase interface and confirms that CuO nanoparticles serve as copper sources for laccase during catalysis.
Non‐Oxidative Dehydroaromatization of Linear Alkanes on Intermetallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Behera Ranjan K. , Lamkins Andrew R. , Chen Minda , Maligal‐Ganesh Raghu V. , Yu Jiaqi , Huang Wenyu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere has been significant interest in developing new catalytic systems to convert linear chain alkanes into olefins and aromatics. In the case of higher alkanes (≥C6), the production of aromatic compounds such as benzene‐toluene‐xylenes is highly desirable. However, as the length of the carbon chain increases, the dehydrogenation process becomes more complex, not only due to the challenges of C−H activation but also the need for selectivity towards the desired products by the possibility of side reactions such as isomerization and cracking. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the dehydroaromatization of n‐hexane, n‐heptane, and n‐octane, using PtSn intermetallic nanoparticles supported on SBA‐15 as the catalyst. Through in situ spectroscopic and kinetic analysis, we have probed the reaction kinetics and catalyst deactivation, and provided a mechanistic understanding of the dehydroaromatization process on the surface of the PtSn intermetallic nanoparticles. Introducing Sn has been shown to be crucial not only for enhancement of catalytic activity, but also for higher aromatics selectivity and stability on stream. Furthermore, the analysis of dehydroaromatization reaction rates of reactant and possible intermediates indicates that the dehydroaromatization of n‐hexane to benzene likely proceeds through initial dehydrogenation steps followed by ring closing.
Comparative Study of Si−O−Al and Si−O−Si Bond Stability in HZSM‐5 Zeolite Under Steam and Hot Liquid Water Environments
Authors: He Linhai , Niu Jing , Han Songyue , Fan Dong , Zhang Wenna , Xu Shutao , Wei Yingxu , Liu Zhongmin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the changes in the zeolite framework and catalytic active sites during zeolite‐based vapor‐phase and aqueous catalytic processes is crucial. Herein, the evolution of framework T atoms (Si and Al) in ammonium hexafluorosilicate (AHFS)‐treated HZSM‐5 zeolite under steam and hot liquid water (HLW) environments was inverstigated using various characterization techniques. In HLW, Si−O−Si bonds exhibit poorer hydrothermal stability than Si−O−Al bonds, in contrast to steam. Significant Si atom leaching occurs regardless of whether the framework tetrahedral Al atoms (Al(IV)‐1) are removed. Similar to steam, Al(IV)‐1 species in HLW sequentially evolve into partially coordinated framework Al species and then into extra‐framework Al (EFAL) species through partial and complete hydrolysis. The generated EFAL species act as Lewis acid sites, but their local structures or chemical environments may differ. These findings reveal the difference in the T−O−T bonds attacked by water molecules: the Si−O−Al bonds are primarily attacked in steam, whereas the Si−O−Si bond are primarily attacked in HLW.
Secondary Sphere Lewis Acid Activated Heme Superoxo Adducts Mimic Crucial Non‐Covalent Interactions in IDO/TDO Heme Dioxygenases
Authors: Tolbert Garrett B. , Jayawardana Samith B. , Lee Yuri , Sun Junqi , Qu Fengrui , Whitt Logan M. , Shafaat Hannah S. , Wijeratne Gayan B. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHeme enzymes play a central role in a medley of reactivities within a wide variety of crucial biological systems. Their active sites are highly decorated with pivotal evolutionarily optimized non‐covalent interactions that precisely choreograph their biological functionalities with specific regio‐, stereo‐, and chemo‐selectivities. Gaining a clear comprehension of how such weak interactions within the active sites control reactivity offers powerful information to be implemented into the design of future therapeutic agents that target these heme enzymes. To shed light on such critical details pertaining to tryptophan dioxygenating heme enzymes, this study investigates the indole dioxygenation reactivities of Lewis acid‐activated heme superoxo model systems, wherein an unprecedented kinetic behavior is revealed. In that, the activated heme superoxo adduct is observed to undergo indole dioxygenation with the intermediacy of a non‐covalently organized precursor complex, which forms prior to the rate‐limiting step of the overall reaction landscape. Spectroscopic and theoretical characterization of this precursor complex draws close parallels to the ternary complex of heme dioxygenases, which has been postulated to be of crucial importance for successful 2,3‐dioxygenative cleavage of indole moieties.
Fluorescence‐Based HTS Assays for Ion Channel Modulation in Drug Discovery Pipelines
Authors: Voldřich Jan , Matoušová Marika , Šmídková Markéta , Mertlíková‐Kaiserová Helena 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIon channels represent a druggable family of transmembrane pore‐forming proteins with important (patho)physiological functions. While electrophysiological measurement (manual patch clamp) remains the only direct method for detection of ion currents, it is a labor‐intensive technique. Although automated patch clamp instruments have become available to date, their high costs limit their use to large pharma companies or commercial screening facilities. Therefore, fluorescence‐based assays are particularly important for initial screening of compound libraries. Despite their numerous disadvantages, they are highly amenable to high‐throughput screening and in many cases, no sophisticated instrumentation or materials are required. These features predispose them for implementation in early phases of drug discovery pipelines (hit identification), even in an academic environment. This review summarizes the advantages and pitfalls of individual methodological approaches for identification of ion channel modulators employing fluorescent probes (i. e., membrane potential and ion flux assays) with emphasis on practical aspects of their adaptation to high‐throughput format.
A Comparative Study of Hydrothermally Leached Al3TM and Al3TM‐Rh (TM=Zr, V, Ce) Intermetallic Compounds for Catalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Sriram Balasubramanian , Wang Sea‐Fue , Kameoka Satoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRise of the mute assassin “carbon monoxide (CO)” levels impact all aerobic life. The elevated rates of CO concentration endure climatic and geographical characteristics that exacerbate air pollution. Herein, a simple approach for hydrothermal leaching (HyTL) of Al3TM‐Rh0.5 (Target material (TM)=Zr, V, Ce) and Al3TM (TM=Zr, V, Ce) intermetallic compounds produces leached products of ZrO2, VO2, and CeO2 with Rhodium (Rh) as an active component. The characterization result reveals the HyTL process and the presence of the active Rh element that elevated the performance of HyTL‐Al3Zr‐Rh0.5 towards CO conversion compared to other samples. Further, the cubic ZrO2 phase selectively forms after HyTL at 130 °C even though the formation of the cubic ZrO2 phase takes place at a high temperature. Moreover, the presence of Rh promotes higher catalytic activity in all the cases with low temperatures. The advancement in the present study towards the catalytic oxidation of CO over the hydrothermally leached ZrO2‐Rh nanocatalyst guarantees the perspective of the aggregation‐activation process.
Diagnostic Performance of Thyroid FNA: Experience of Belarusian National Referral Thyroid Cancer Center
Authors: Yakubouski Siarhei U. , Kandratsenka Henadz H. , Fridman Michael V. , Kondratovich Viktor A. , Perkhova Olga A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundA fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy is a basic procedure to verify the morphology of thyroid nodules. However, significant variations in the diagnostic performance of FNA, as well as fluctuations in the rate of malignancy (ROM) in different categories of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, have been discovered in many studies. The development and employment of additional molecular tests in daily clinical practice require an understanding of the prevalence and structure of thyroid malignancy in each category of the Bethesda system.MethodsCurrent research is a continuous retrospective cohort study of the results of the examination and treatment of 1652 patients with thyroid tumors who have undergone primary surgery in 2021 at a national referral thyroid cancer center. FNA diagnostic performance was studied by comparing cytological diagnoses with histological outcomes. The authors evaluated ROM in each Bethesda category and identified the tumors representing a diagnostic pitfall.ResultsThe overall ROM was 72.4%. When considering ROM in each Bethesda category, it was 16.7% in Bethesda I, 10.1% in Bethesda II, 23.0% in Bethesda IV, 74.8% in Bethesda V, 99.4% in Bethesda VI. The false‐positive rate was 65.0%, false negative—0.67%. Follicular and oncocytic adenomas, as well as the follicular variant of papillary thyroid cancer, were the most troublesome entities for patients' management.ConclusionROM was comparable to the values implied by the Bethesda system. Follicular tumors were the main source of high false‐positive rates. This necessitates the refinement of existing tests and the development of new diagnostic tests to overcome the abovementioned problems.
Subtle changes in plant diversity in the Bavarian Alps over the past eight decades
Authors: Zettlemoyer Meredith A. , Munck Svenja , Poschlod Peter , Rosbakh Sergey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHistorical resurveys represent a unique opportunity to analyze vegetation dynamics over longer timescales than is typically achievable. Leveraging the oldest historical dataset of vegetation change in the Bavarian Alps, Germany, we address how environmental conditions, vegetation composition, and functional diversity in the calcareous grasslands of the Schachen region have changed across different elevational ranges over an 83‐year timeframe. We document changes in regional average temperature and precipitation. We use indicator values (IV) for species' ecological preferences and their palatability to grazers to infer local conditions (temperature, soil moisture/fertility, and grazing regime). We further estimate changes in temporal beta‐diversity and functional trait community composition between historical (1936) and contemporary (2019) surveys in two elevational (subalpine and alpine) belts. Both subalpine and alpine sites became drier; subalpine sites also became warmer with more palatable plants. Species occurrence and abundance in the Schachen region has not changed substantially over time despite changing macroclimate and local environmental conditions under anthropogenic change. Yet these grasslands have experienced several “invisible” changes in functional composition over the past 80 years. As the Schachen has become drier, species with traits related to drought tolerance and animal‐based dispersal have increased in dominance. Specifically, in alpine sites, community‐weighted means revealed that with low fecundity, higher potential for endo‐ and epizoochory (seed dispersal via animal gut and fur, respectively), higher foliar frost tolerance, and deeper dormancy increased in dominance. Similar trends were found for increasing dominance of low fecundity, epizoochorous species in subalpine sites. Vegetation data from resurveying historical plots in combination with changes in local conditions, classic biodiversity indices, and functional trait indices can provide more holistic insights into changes in the environment and potential impacts of those environmental changes on long‐term plant community and functional diversity.
Female, juvenile, and calf sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus (Linnaeus 1758) records from Ireland
Authors: O'Callaghan Seán A. , Griffin Bogna , Levesque Stephanie , Gammell Martin , O'Brien Joanne 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSperm whales spatially segregate by sex and social behavior as they mature. In the North Atlantic, male whales move to higher latitudes as far as Svalbard at 80° N, while females and young whales typically remain around lower latitudes below 40–45° N. The Azores, Madeira, and the Canary Islands constitute important nursery grounds for female and young sperm whales. Irish waters represent a midpoint for this species’ spatial segregation in the Northeast Atlantic, where the species occurs along the submarine canyon systems to the west of the country. Historically, just male whales were thought to be found in this region between 51 and 55° N, but one adult female was caught by commercial whalers in 1910, and a 5.49 m calf was found stranded in 1916. Between 1995 and 2023, 10 female sperm whales have been stranded around the coast of Ireland. Eight of these whales have been stranded since 2013, and there has been at least one stranding per year between 2019 and 2023. Four of these strandings have occurred in Donegal in the northwest of Ireland, indicating the presence of female whales along the continental shelf off this region. Two females were stranded within a day of each other and were found in similar states of decomposition in February 2022, indicating that they may have been part of the same group rather than being lone vagrant individuals. Sperm whale calves and juveniles were also sighted in Irish waters in 2001, 2004, and 2010 in the Rockall Trough, along the Porcupine Bank and Goban Spur, where between 1 and 3 individuals were observed on four occasions while one calf live stranded in 2004. These records indicate a historical presence of female and young sperm whales in this region but that an apparent increase in occurrence has taken place over the past decade.
The enigmatic life history of the bamboo explained as a strategy to arrest succession
Authors: Zheng Aiyu , Pacala Stephen W. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBamboos are perennial woody grasses that display an enigmatic mix of traits. Bamboo is highly shade intolerant like early‐successional trees. Without secondary xylem, bamboos cannot continue to grow once they reach a maximum height or replace xylem damaged by hydraulic stress and must instead replace each stem after a few years using vegetative propagation via rhizomes. These traits of bamboo would appear to make them inferior to trees in competition for both light and water in all but early‐successional wet locations. However, some species competitively exclude trees and form persistent monodominant stands across large areas in tropical and temperate forests, including areas that are not mesic. Moreover, bamboo paradoxically postpones seed production for decades to over a century, and then flowers semelparously and dies synchronously. The delayed reproduction appears to be inconsistent with an early‐successional strategy to colonize disturbed areas as soon as they form, while the simultaneous death over large areas appears to be inconsistent with a late‐successional strategy to gain and hold space. Bamboo exhibits great diversity in its growth form and life histories along the tropical‐temperate geographical cline, with tropical bamboo being taller with shorter rhizome lengths and flowering interval lengths than temperate bamboo. We hypothesize that all of the above characteristics of bamboo are essential elements of competitive strategies to arrest succession in a lineage that lacks secondary xylem. To develop this Arrested Succession Hypothesis, we construct mathematical models of competition for recently disturbed areas between a tree species and a species with bamboo's enigmatic characteristics. We modeled the growth of bamboo genetic individuals from seedlings after seed germination to clonal culms at mass flowering and then placed these individuals in competition with one another and with trees in simple models of competition for light. Results explain how bamboo's traits allow it to persist in forests late in succession despite its hydraulic disadvantages, and form monodominant stands in the temperate zone, but not in tropical forests. They explain why bamboo is semelparous with synchronized reproduction, and why maximum culm size and age, reproductive interval, and rhizome length differ between the tropics and the temperate zone.