bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A coordinated sequence of distinct flagellar waveforms enables a sharp flagellar turn mediated by squid sperm pH-taxis
Authors: Iida Tomohiro , Iwata Yoko , Mohri Tatsuma , Baba Shoji A. , Hirohashi Noritaka 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAnimal spermatozoa navigate by sensing ambient chemicals to reach the site of fertilization. Generally, such chemicals derive from the female reproductive organs or cells. Exceptionally, squid spermatozoa mutually release and perceive carbon dioxide to form clusters after ejaculation. We previously identified the pH-taxis by which each spermatozoon can execute a sharp turn, but how flagellar dynamics enable this movement remains unknown. Here, we show that initiation of the turn motion requires a swim down a steep proton gradient (a theoretical estimation of ≥0.025 pH/s), crossing a threshold pH value of ~5.5. Time-resolved kinematic analysis revealed that the turn sequence results from the rhythmic exercise of two flagellar motions: a stereotypical flagellar ‘bent-cane’ shape followed by asymmetric wave propagation, which enables a sharp turn in the realm of low Reynolds numbers. This turning episode is terminated by an ‘overshoot’ trajectory that differs from either straight-line motility or turning. As with bidirectional pH-taxes in some bacteria, squid spermatozoa also showed repulsion from strong acid conditions with similar flagellar kinematics as in positive pH-taxis. These findings indicate that squid spermatozoa might have a unique reorientation mechanism, which could be dissimilar to that of classical egg-guided sperm chemotaxis in other marine invertebrates.
Uncoupling Oncogene-Induced Senescence (OIS) and DNA Damage Response (DDR) triggered by DNA hyper-replication: lessons from primary mouse embryo astrocytes (MEA)
Authors: Seoane Marcos , Costoya José A. , Arce Víctor M. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOncogene-induced senescence (OIS) is a complex process, in which activation of oncogenic signals during early tumorigenesis results in a high degree of DNA replication stress. The ensuing response to the DNA damage produces a permanent G1 arrest that prevents unlimited cell proliferation and lessens the development of tumours. However, despite the role of OIS in the proliferative arrest resulting from an activating oncogenic-lesion has obtained wide support, there is also evidence indicating that cells may overcome oncogene-induced senescence under some circumstances. In this study, we have investigated the possibility that some of the assumptions on the role of DNA damage response (DDR) in triggering OIS may depend on the fact that most of the available data were obtained in mouse embryo fibroblast. By comparing the degree of OIS observed in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEF) and mouse embryo astrocytes (MEA) obtained from the same individuals we have demonstrated that, despite truthful activation of DDR in both cell types, significant levels of OIS were only detected in MEF. Therefore, this uncoupling between OIS and DDR observed in astrocytes supports the intriguingly possibility that OIS is not a widespread response mechanism to DDR.
Selective catalytic dehydration of furfuryl alcohol to 2, 2′-difurfuryl ether using a polyoxometalate catalyst
Authors: Yang Shaoxiang , Hao Yanfeng , Wang Jialin , Wang Hao , Zheng Yimeng , Tian Hongyu , Liu Yongguo , Sun Baoguo 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe spice flavour compound 2, 2′-difurfuryl ether (DFE) is widely utilised in the food industry as it has a coffee-like, nutty, earthy, mushroom-like odour. However, despite intensive research efforts, to date, an environmentally friendly and practical synthetic preparation technique for 2, 2′-difurfuryl ether is still unavailable. Here, we investigate a new approach using polyoxometalate catalysts to selectively catalytically dehydrate furfuryl alcohol to 2, 2′-difurfuryl ether. We have successfully applied this methodology using the polyoxometalate (POMs) catalyst {[(CH3CH2CH2CH2)4N]2[SMo12O40]} to produce 2,2′-difurfuryl ether in a 30.86% isolated yield.
The sex pheromone of a globally invasive honey bee predator, the Asian eusocial hornet, Vespa velutina
Authors: Wen Ping , Cheng Ya-Nan , Dong Shi-Hao , Wang Zheng-Wei , Tan Ken , Nieh James C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe Asian hornet, Vespa velutina, is an invasive, globally-distributed predator of European honey bees and other insects. To better under its reproductive biology and to find a specific, effective, and low-impact control method for this species, we identified and tested the key compounds in V. velutina sex pheromone. Virgin gynes (reproductive females) produced this sex pheromone in the sixth intersegmental sternal glands of their abdomens. The active compounds were 4-oxo-octanoic acid (4-OOA, 10.4 μg bee−1) and 4-oxo-decanoic acid (4-ODA, 13.3 μg bee−1) at a 0.78 ratio of 4-OOA/4-ODA. We synthesized these compounds and showed that male antennae were highly sensitive to them. Moreover, males were only strongly attracted to a 4-OOA/4-ODA blend at the natural ratio produced by gynes. These results provide the first demonstration of an effective way to lure V. velutina males, and the first chemical identification of a sex pheromone in the eusocial hornets.
The circadian transcriptome of marine fish (Sparus aurata) larvae reveals highly synchronized biological processes at the whole organism level
Authors: Yúfera M. , Perera E. , Mata-Sotres J. A. , Calduch-Giner J. , Martínez-Rodríguez G. , Pérez-Sánchez J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe regulation of circadian gene expression remains largely unknown in farmed fish larvae. In this study, a high-density oligonucleotide microarray was used to examine the daily expression of 13,939 unique genes in whole gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) larvae with fast growth potentiality. Up to 2,229 genes were differentially expressed, and the first two components of Principal Component Analysis explained more than 81% of the total variance. Clustering analysis of differentially expressed genes identified 4 major clusters that were triggered sequentially, with a maximum expression at 0 h, 3 h, 9–15 h and 18-21 h zeitgeber time. Various core clock genes (per1, per2, per3, bmal1, cry1, cry2, clock) were identified in clusters 1–3, and their expression was significantly correlated with several genes in each cluster. Functional analysis revealed a daily consecutive activation of canonical pathways related to phototransduction, intermediary metabolism, development, chromatin remodeling, and cell cycle regulation. This daily transcriptome of whole larvae resembles a cell cycle (G1/S, G2/M, and M/G1 transitions) in synchronization with multicellular processes, such as neuromuscular development. This study supports that the actively feeding fish larval transcriptome is temporally organized in a 24-h cycle, likely for maximizing growth and development.
The thermogenic actions of natriuretic peptide in brown adipocytes: The direct measurement of the intracellular temperature using a fluorescent thermoprobe
Authors: Kimura Haruka , Nagoshi Tomohisa , Yoshii Akira , Kashiwagi Yusuke , Tanaka Yoshiro , Ito Keiichi , Yoshino Takuya , Tanaka Toshikazu D. , Yoshimura Michihiro 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn addition to the various effects of natriuretic peptides (NPs) on cardiovascular systems, increasing attention is being paid to the possibility that NPs induce adipose tissue browning and activate thermogenic program. We herein established a direct intracellular temperature measurement system using a fluorescent thermoprobe and investigated the thermogenic effects of A-type NP (ANP) on brown adipocytes. The thermoprobe was successfully introduced into rat brown adipocytes, and the temperature dependent change in fluorescence intensity ratio was measured using a fluorescence microscope. After one-hour incubation with ANP, the degree of the change in fluorescence intensity ratio was significantly higher in ANP-treated (P < 0.01) adipocytes compared to untreated controls. The ANP treatment increased uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1) mRNA levels, which is one of the markers of thermogenesis in adipocytes, while the intracellular ATP content was not changed, indicating mitochondrial uncoupled respiration. Intriguingly, these thermogenic actions of ANP were more prominent when brown adipocytes were incubated at 35 °C than at 37 °C. Moreover, the increase in the intracellular temperature and the expression of UCP1 induced by ANP were cancelled by p38MAPK inhibition. Taken together, this study directly demonstrated the thermogenic actions of ANP in brown adipocytes through the use of a novel method of intracellular temperature measurement.
Search for hydrogen-helium molecular species in space
Authors: Zicler E. , Parisel O. , Pauzat F. , Ellinger Y. , Bacchus-Montabonel M.-C. , Maillard J.-P. 
Published: October 2017

Context. Helium, the second most abundant element in the Universe, with a relative abundance of He/H ~ 1/10, has never been observed in any other form than that of a neutral atom (He) or an ion (He+) in the interstellar medium. Since He is a noble gas its non-observation as part of neutral molecular systems is understandable, but it is very surprising for a positively charged species such as HeH+ that is a stable diatomic ion whose spectral signatures are well known in the laboratory.
Aims. This non-observation, even in hydrogen rich regions, could imply that HeH+ is not a proper target and that alternatives have to be considered, such as small HeHn+ clusters. The present study aims at finding whether the leading term HeH3+ fulfills the conditions required.
Methods. We addressed the question with state-of-the-art numerical simulations. We determined a two-dimension ab initio potential energy surface (PES) of the HeH3+ cluster along the He...H3+ and HeH+...H2 reaction coordinates. The calculations rely on complete active space configuration interaction followed by a second order perturbation treatment (CAS-PT2). This surface was used for the evaluation of the two radiative associations rate constants by means of a quantum treatment of the collision between the interacting fragments.
Results. These calculations show unambiguously that HeH3+ is the most stable point on the corresponding global PES. Then, we determined the rate constants of the radiative associations HeH+ + H2 and He + H3+ leading to HeH3+.
Conclusions. Significative values were obtained that reach up to 2 × 10-18 cm3 s-1, which should stimulate new tentatives to detect molecular helium in astrophysical objects.
Complicated Gastroschisis Is Associated with Greater Intestinal Morbidity than Gastroschisis or Intestinal Atresia Alone
Authors: Koivusalo Antti , Pakarinen Mikko , Mutanen Annika 
Published: October 2017

Aim The study aimed to compare outcomes and intestinal morbidity among complicated gastroschisis, isolated gastroschisis, and intestinal atresia.
Methods In this retrospective observational single institution study, outcomes and intestinal morbidity were compared among gastroschisis complicated by intestinal atresia or perinatal bowel perforation, isolated gastroschisis, and isolated intestinal atresia. We included two cohorts; the first cohort included 68 consecutive patients with complicated gastroschisis (n = 9), isolated gastroschisis (n = 34), and intestinal atresia (n = 25) managed in our center. The second cohort included 20 patients (12 referred) with intestinal failure due to these underlying etiologies managed by our intestinal rehabilitation team.
Results Patients with complicated gastroschisis had a significantly longer need for mechanical ventilation, primary hospital stay, and duration of parenteral nutrition (PN) and developed intestinal failure more often compared with other groups (p < 0.05 for all). Reoperations for surgical complications were also more frequent in patients with complicated gastroschisis (p < 0.05). Among those, who developed intestinal failure, autologous intestinal reconstruction (AIR) surgery was performed in 11 patients with comparable frequency in all groups. Repeated AIR surgery for bowel re-dilatation was required in 3/3 patients with complicated gastroschisis and 0/8 with isolated gastroschisis or intestinal atresia (p = 0.004).
Conclusion Complicated gastroschisis is associated with markedly increased intestinal morbidity, reflected by prolonged duration of PN, more frequent reoperations for intestinal complications, and bowel re-dilatation after AIR surgery, when compared with patients with isolated gastroschisis or intestinal atresia.
Immunobiology of Pediatric Tuberculosis: Lessons Learned and Implications for an Improved TB-Vaccine
Authors: Boer Mardi , Lewinsohn Deborah , Lancioni Christina 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChildren, especially neonates and young infants, are uniquely vulnerable to tuberculosis (TB) and frequently present with primary progressive pulmonary or disseminated disease. There is an urgent need to understand the unique immunobiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) in young infants and to identify protective infant immune responses. The existing vaccine against TB, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette–Guérin (M. bovis BCG), provides a partial protection against TB disease and disseminated forms of TB in infants; however, it is unknown how this partial protection is mediated. To end pediatric TB morbidity and mortality, a fully efficacious next-generation TB-vaccine is needed. Here, we focus on our current understanding of TB immunobiology as it pertains to young infants, and we evaluate what BCG-vaccination, as well as recently trialed novel TB-vaccines, has taught us about the immunobiology of mycobacterial infection in this population.
Kontrollfiktionen der Prostitution. Das
Prostituiertenschutzgesetz im historischen Kontext
Authors: Ziemann Andreas 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDer Aufsatz befragt das neue Prostituiertenschutzgesetz auf seine (latenten)
kultur- und ideengeschichtlichen Hintergründe und vergleicht die dort
ausgeführte außerstrafrechtliche Regulierung der Prostitution mit moralischen,
politischen und juristischen Positionen aus dem 15. sowie 19. Jahrhundert. Dazu
werden, diskursanalytisch inspiriert, Originalquellen und einschlägige
Sprecherpositionen erschlossen, hermeneutisch ausgelegt und
gesellschaftstheoretisch auf ihre jeweilige Vorstellung und Programmatik von
Ordnung und Funktion hin beobachtet. Ganz wesentlich erscheint die
Prostitutionsfrage – Kann man Prostitution wollen, oder muss man sie verbieten?
Welche Formen können geduldet und welche sollen legalisiert werden? – von Anfang
an als untergeordnete zur Frage der sozialen Ordnung. Dem steht der historische
Befund zur Seite, dass das prominente Narrativ stabil zu bleiben scheint, wonach
staatlich kontrollierte und medizinisch überwachte kasernierte Prostitution das
geringere Übel sei gegenüber heimlicher, ortloser und vagierender Prostitution.
So wurde das Bordell zu einer gesellschaftlichen Institution. Und so bleibt es
ein paradigmatischer Ort der Kontrollfiktion und zugleich ein Komplementärort
und Schutzschild der Institution der Ehe respektive des (idealisierten)
bürgerlichen Lebens. Neuartig ist hingegen die gesetzgeberische Initiative, den
Prostituierten selbst Schutz und Selbstbestimmung zukommen zu lassen –
allerdings unter der Bedingung kontrollierter Zwangsmechanismen.
Race as Aesthetics? Denise Colomb in the Caribbean
Authors: Bishop Cécile 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article examines the role of blackness in the work of the French photographer Denise Colomb, who travelled to the Caribbean in 1948 as part of a failed collaboration with Aimé Césaire and Michel Leiris. Her work has been criticized for its aestheticizing treatment of black subjects and its lack of political awareness. I contend that such interpretations naturalize race by treating it as an unproblematic visual fact, and fail to interrogate the historical connections between racialization and the photographic medium. Instead of treating it as a thematic content of the image, this article approaches race as a formal device, a set of visual relationships between surface and depth, as well as exterior and interior, that constitutes skin colour and phenotypical features as sites of subjective legibility. Colomb’s visual strategies, which bring together painterly references and post-war humanist photography, destabilize this racial legibility by opening a gap between colour and identity. The analysis of her work — and of its limits — leads to a reconsideration of the political role of photography and reveals that a closer engagement with the aesthetic dimension of the medium allows for alternative connections between physical difference, subjectivity, and identity.
Myth, Dialogue, and Co-operation in the ‘Freedom Papers’: De Gaulle and Anglo-French Correspondence (1941–44)
Authors: Antonioli Kathleen , Cro Melinda A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
This article performs a close reading of a newly discovered archive of letters to and from Charles de Gaulle, written between 1941 and 1944, to show how de Gaulle engaged in a process of auto-mythification. The archive features wartime correspondence between de Gaulle and various leaders of the British government, intelligence, and military, such as Prime Minister Winston Churchill, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (1941) Anthony Eden, and Chief of the Imperial General Staff General Alan Brooke. The study illuminates the problematic nature of Anglo-French collaboration in terms of shifting cultural perspectives, particularly with regard to the notion of authority. Such notions are inevitably contested, and this collection of letters is an unusually effective resource to reconstruct the essentially dialogic aspects of this contestation. Through contextualization of the correspondence, including both contemporary and retrospective accounts of the war, the article enriches our understanding of the implicit and explicit conflicts between British and French forces and the rhetorical strategies utilized to further each writer’s aims.
Factors contributing to medication errors made when using computerized order entry in pediatrics: a systematic review
Authors: Tolley Clare L , Forde Niamh E , Coffey Katherine L , Sittig Dean F , Ash Joan S , Husband Andrew K , Bates David W , Slight Sarah P 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and understand the factors that contribute to medication errors associated with the use of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) in pediatrics and provide recommendations on how CPOE systems could be improved.Materials and MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature review across 3 large databases: the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Embase, and Medline. Three independent reviewers screened the titles, and 2 authors then independently reviewed all abstracts and full texts, with 1 author acting as a constant across all publications. Data were extracted onto a customized data extraction sheet, and a narrative synthesis of all eligible studies was undertaken.ResultsA total of 47 articles were included in this review. We identified 5 factors that contributed to errors with the use of a CPOE system: (1) lack of drug dosing alerts, which failed to detect calculation errors; (2) generation of inappropriate dosing alerts, such as warnings based on incorrect drug indications; (3) inappropriate drug duplication alerts, as a result of the system failing to consider factors such as the route of administration; (4) dropdown menu selection errors; and (5) system design issues, such as a lack of suitable dosing options for a particular drug.Discussion and ConclusionsThis review highlights 5 key factors that contributed to the occurrence of CPOE-related medication errors in pediatrics. Dosing support is the most important. More advanced clinical decision support that can suggest doses based on the drug indication is needed.
Evidence of Compton cooling during an X-ray flare supports a neutron star nature of the compact object in 4U1700−37
Authors: Martinez-Chicharro M , Torrejón J M , Oskinova L , Fürst F , Postnov K , Rodes-Roca J J , Hainich R , Bodaghee A 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Based on new Chandra X-ray telescope data, we present empirical evidence of plasma Compton cooling during a flare in the non-pulsating massive X-ray binary 4U1700−37. This behaviour might be explained by quasi-spherical accretion on to a slowly rotating magnetized neutron star (NS). In quiescence, the NS in 4U1700−37 is surrounded by a hot radiatively cooling shell. Its presence is supported by the detection of mHz quasi-periodic oscillations likely produced by its convection cells. The high plasma temperature and the relatively low X-ray luminosity observed during the quiescence, point to a small emitting area ∼1 km, compatible with a hotspot on an NS surface. The sudden transition from a radiative to a significantly more efficient Compton cooling regime triggers an episode of enhanced accretion resulting in a flare. During the flare, the plasma temperature drops quickly. The predicted luminosity for such transitions, ∼3 × 1035 erg s−1, is very close to the luminosity of 4U1700−37 during quiescence. The transition may be caused by the accretion of a clump in the stellar wind of the donor star. Thus, a magnetized NS nature of the compact object is strongly favoured.
Testing Stewardship: A ‘Hard Stop’ to Reduce Inappropriate C. diff Testing
Authors: Drees Marci , Dressler Robert , Taylor Kim , Ayala Jamie , Kahigian Gaynelle , Briody Carol , Stephan Brian , Singh-Patel S Rani , Noor Sajid , Eppes Stephen 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Background
Patients may be over-diagnosed with C. difficile infection (CDI) due to colonization, especially if laxatives are used. We had implemented an alert to prompt providers to discontinue C. diff orders in the setting of laxative use. This initially decreased orders by about 25%, but became less effective over time. Our objective was to strengthen our C. diff testing stewardship by creating a “hard stop” to require providers to think critically about C. diff testing in the presence of laxative use or the absence of documented diarrhea.

Methods
Our two-hospital, &gt;1100-bed community-based academic healthcare system performs all C. diff testing via PCR. We implemented our initial laxative alert, which notified providers but did not prohibit testing, in March 2015. In April 2017, we launched a new alert that fired &gt;36 hours after admission, and assessed for documented diarrhea (&gt;2 episodes/24 hours). If diarrhea was present, it would assess for any administered laxative within prior 24 hours. If neither criterion was met, the provider could only order C. diff testing by calling the laboratory and documenting the staff person’s name in the order; no further justification was required. We measured the number of C. diff tests completed per day, the number of calls made to lab, and CDI rates (using NHSN LabID definition). Balancing measures included monitoring oral vancomycin orders without C. diff testing, and delayed CDI diagnoses.

Results
At baseline, we observed a mean of 9 (SD, 4–14) C. diff orders daily. After initiating the hard stop alert, daily testing decreased by 30% (Fig. 1). Frequency of hospital-onset CDI dropped by 45% during first month of implementation (Fig. 2), from mean 3.6/week to 2/week. To date we have not detected delayed diagnoses or empiric treatment without testing; 18 override laboratory calls have been documented.

Conclusion
Given PCR’s high sensitivity for C. diff, testing stewardship is critical to minimize false-positive cases of CDI, which lead to inappropriate treatment, prolonged length of stay, and hospital penalties. Requiring a phone call to order C. diff testing in the setting of laxative use or minimal diarrhea effectively reduced testing, and was well-accepted by nurses and providers. To date, no adverse effects have been detected.

Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.