bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gemcitabine Delivery and Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Cells via Porphyrin‐Ethylene‐Based Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanoparticles
Authors: Aggad Dina , Jimenez Chiara Mauriello , Dib Soraya , Croissant Jonas G. , Lichon Laure , Laurencin Danielle , Richeter Sébastien , Maynadier Marie , Alsaiari Shahad K. , Boufatit Makhlouf , Raehm Laurence , Garcia Marcel , Khashab Niveen M. , Gary‐Bobo Magali , Durand Jean‐Olivier 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGemcitabine hydrochloride is an FDA‐approved chemotherapeutic drug used in the treatment of various cancers. Several drawbacks of gemcitabine, including its short in vivo half‐life of 8–17 min associated with a rapid excretion by the kidneys and its poor membrane permeability, have inspired research on a nanodelivery approach. In this study, we report ethylene‐based periodic mesoporous organosilica nanoparticles (PMOs) for photodynamic therapy and the autonomous delivery of gemcitabine in cancer cells. Porphyrins were used as photosensitizers and were localized in the walls of the PMOs while a high loading capacity of gemcitabine was observed in the porous structure. Depending on the nature of the photosensitizer, and its aggregation state, we were able to perform one or two‐photon photodynamic therapy. Two‐photon excited photodynamic therapy combined with gemcitabine delivery led to a synergy and a very efficient cancer cell killing.
Functional traits of expanding, thicket‐forming shrubs: contrasting strategies between exotic and native species
Authors: Shiflett Sheri A. , Zinnert Julie C. , Young Donald R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWoody expansion has been documented for decades in many different systems globally, often yielding vast changes in ecosystem functioning. While causes and consequences of woody expansion have been well documented, few studies have addressed plant functional traits that promote dramatic and rapid expansion in range. Our objectives were to investigate plant functional traits that contribute to the colonization, rapid expansion, and thicket formation of an invasive, N‐fixing shrub, Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. (Elaeagnaceae), and a native, N‐fixing shrub Morella cerifera (L.) Small (Myricaceae) and compare to native, sympatric, non‐expanding shrub species. Quantified functional traits included morphological (e.g., specific leaf area, leaf area) and physiological characteristics (e.g., electron transport rate, hydraulic conductivity) and were linked to two primary resources: light and water, which directly influence plant growth. Elaeagnus umbellata and M. cerifera rely on different strategies to maximize carbon gain, yet resulting physiological efficiency is similar. Elaeagnus umbellata invests a substantial amount of energy into growth during a short amount of time (i.e., deciduous growing season), using an acquisitive trait strategy to outcompete co‐occurring woody species, while M. cerifera is productive year‐round and uses a combination of conservative and acquisitive traits to outcompete co‐occurring woody species. The majority of quantified functional traits of E. umbellata and several of M. cerifera are indicative of efficient light capture, utilization, and internal water movement. These factors contribute to rapid range expansion and thicket formation by promoting enhanced productivity while simultaneously inhibiting colonization and expansion of co‐occurring species. Suites of functional traits are important for expansive success and thicket formation, yet differences in functional traits represent alternative strategies for colonization, rapid expansion, and thicketization.
Dual growth factor‐immobilized asymmetrically porous membrane for bone‐to‐tendon interface regeneration on rat patellar tendon avulsion model
Authors: Kim Joong‐Hyun , Oh Se Heang , Min Hyun Ki , Lee Jin Ho 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInsufficient repair of the bone‐to‐tendon interface (BTI) with structural/compositional gradients has been a significant challenge in orthopedics. In this study, dual growth factor (platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB [PDGF‐BB] and bone morphogenetic protein‐2 [BMP‐2])‐immobilized polycaprolactone (PCL)/Pluronic F127 asymmetrically porous membrane was fabricated to estimate its feasibility as a potential strategy for effective regeneration of BTI injury. The growth factors immobilized (via heparin‐intermediated interactions) on the membrane were continuously released for up to ∼80% of the initial loading amount after 5 weeks without a significant initial burst. From the in vivo animal study using a rat patellar tendon avulsion model, it was observed that the PDGF‐BB/BMP‐2‐immobilized membrane accelerates the regeneration of the BTI injury, probably because of the continuous release of both growth factors (biological stimuli) and their complementary effect to create a multiphasic structure (bone, fibrocartilage, and tendon) like a native structure, as well as the role of the asymmetrically porous membrane as a physical barrier (nanopore side; prevention of fibrous tissue invasion into the defect site) and scaffold (micropore side; guidance for tissue regeneration). © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 115–125, 2018.
Technological adaptation and the emergence of Levallois in Central Europe: new insight from the Markkleeberg and Zwochau open‐air sites in Germany
Authors: Picin Andrea 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe introduction of the Levallois method in Europe is considered the technological innovation that marked the beginning of the Middle Palaeolithic. In North‐Central Europe, early evidence of this new concept of flake production is dated at the junction between Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 9 and MIS 8, a period that showed a deterioration of climatic conditions, i.e. a change from forested to cold tundra–steppe vegetation and dispersal of the Mammuthus–Coelodonta faunal complex from artic territories. This study aims to contribute new data to the current debate by exploring the lithic assemblages of the Markkleeberg and Zwochau open‐air sites in Germany. Technological analysis reveals the introduction of the Levallois method in association with the development of the local unidirectional core technology. This pattern is common in other sites of North‐Central Europe. This modification in the technical behaviour of hunter‐gatherers is interpreted as a technological adaptation in response to the new faunal complex composed of seasonal migratory animals.
Blood‐based metabolic signatures in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: de Leeuw Francisca A. , Peeters Carel F.W. , Kester Maartje I. , Harms Amy C. , Struys Eduard A. , Hankemeier Thomas , van Vlijmen Herman W.T. , van der Lee Sven J. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , Scheltens Philip , Demirkan Ayşe , van de Wiel Mark A. , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Teunissen Charlotte E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIntroductionIdentification of blood‐based metabolic changes might provide early and easy‐to‐obtain biomarkers.MethodsWe included 127 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 121 control subjects with cerebrospinal fluid biomarker‐confirmed diagnosis (cutoff tau/amyloid β peptide 42: 0.52). Mass spectrometry platforms determined the concentrations of 53 amine compounds, 22 organic acid compounds, 120 lipid compounds, and 40 oxidative stress compounds. Multiple signatures were assessed: differential expression (nested linear models), classification (logistic regression), and regulatory (network extraction).ResultsTwenty‐six metabolites were differentially expressed. Metabolites improved the classification performance of clinical variables from 74% to 79%. Network models identified five hubs of metabolic dysregulation: tyrosine, glycylglycine, glutamine, lysophosphatic acid C18:2, and platelet‐activating factor C16:0. The metabolite network for apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 negative AD patients was less cohesive compared with the network forAPOEε4 positive AD patients.DiscussionMultiple signatures point to various promising peripheral markers for further validation. The network differences in AD patients according toAPOEgenotype may reflect different pathways to AD.
Double single-port transanal pouch surgery: a novel technique for rectal excision and ileo-anal pouch anastomosis for ulcerative colitis
Authors: Warusavitarne Janindra , Kotze Paulo Gustavo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractSurgery for ileoanal pouch has evolved dramatically over the last 30 years. Many of the advances relate to minimally invasive approaches that not only offer cosmetic benefits but also have advantages that are well described in the literature. In this technical note, the authors describe the double single-port transanal pouch operation. An abdominal single-port is used for total colectomy, at the site of the ileostomy. A transanal single-port is used for the ‘bottom-up’ rectal resection. The technical steps and potential advantages of the technique are discussed in detail. Double single-port transanal pouch surgery is technically feasible and can have significant benefits in ulcerative colitis patients.
AMBIGUOUS RATIONALITY
Authors: Williamson Timothy 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe paper distinguishes a content-oriented conception of rational belief, which concerns support relations between the proposition believed and one's evidence, from a disposition-oriented conception of rational belief, which concerns whether someone generally disposed to conform their belief to their evidence would believe the given proposition in the given circumstances. Neither type of rationality entails the other. It is argued that conflating the two ways of thinking about rational belief has had damaging effects in epistemology.
Reconstruction of the multielement apparatus of the earliest Triassic conodont, Hindeodus parvus, using synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-tomography
Authors: Agematsu Sachiko , Uesugi Kentaro , Sano Hiroyoshi , Sashida Katsuo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractEarliest Triassic natural conodont assemblages preserved as impressions on bedding planes occur in a claystone of the Hashikadani Formation, which is part of the Mino Terrane, a Jurassic accretionary complex in Japan. In this study, the apparatus of Hindeodus parvus (Kozur and Pjatakova, 1976) is reconstructed using synchrotron radiation micro-tomography (SR–μCT). This species has six kinds of elements disposed in 15 positions forming the conodont apparatus. Carminiscaphate, angulate, and makellate forms are settled in pairs in the P1, P2, and M positions, respectively. The single alate element is correlated with the S0 position. The S array is a cluster of eight ramiforms, subdivided into two inner pairs of digyrate S1–2 and two outer pairs of bipennate S3–4 elements. The reconstruction is similar to a well-known ozarkodinid apparatus model. In addition, the μCT images show that the ‘anterior’ and ‘posterior’ processes of the S1–2 elements faced the caudal and rostral ends of the living conodont body, respectively.
Vegetation responses to late Holocene climate changes in an Andean forest
Authors: Schiferl Jacob D. , Bush Mark B. , Silman Miles R. , Urrego Dunia H. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA paleoecological record from Lake Palotoa (1370 m elevation) in the Andean foothills of Peru spans the last 3800 years. Lake Palotoa lies near the modern cloud base in a location sensitive to changes in atmospheric moisture. In many areas, these forests have been destroyed, but Lake Palotoa shows no sign of human occupation today or in the past. The modern forest surrounding the lake is dominated by the Andean palm, Dictyocaryum lamarckianum, which is also the most abundant taxon in the fossil pollen record. Fossil pollen data show the vegetation assemblages have not experienced strong compositional changes in the late Holocene. Global-scale climatic events such as the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) and the Little Ice Age (LIA) are identified within the record, though the vegetation responses are subtle. Hedyosmum and Sloanea pollen percentages increase near the onset of the MCA and may reflect decreased seasonality. The LIA coincides with increased Hedyosmum pollen percentages, and increases in Clethra and Begonia, two elements that tend to occupy forests now found at higher elevations. Our findings demonstrate the stability of montane forest systems to natural Holocene climate change.
HIGH PREVALENCE OF VOLUNTARY STERILIZATION AMONG AMERICAN WOMEN EXPLAINED BY TRADE-OFFS RESULTING FROM MALE PARENTAL COMMITMENT
Authors: Anderson Kermyt G. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryTubal ligation is the modal form of family planning among American women aged 30 and older. As the preference for tubal ligation over cheaper, lower risk and more reliable methods, such as vasectomy, has puzzled experts, a theoretical approach that explains this preference would be useful. The present study investigates the high prevalence of voluntary sterilization among American women from the perspective of life history theory, arguing that the trade-offs between investing in current and future offspring will favour tubal ligation when women cannot obtain reliable male commitment to future parental investment. Data came from the National Survey of Fertility Barriers (NSFB), a nationally representative survey of 4712 American women aged 25–45 conducted between 2004 and 2007. Four novel predictions of the prevalence of tubal ligation, drawn from life history theory, were developed and tested: 1) it is most common among unpartnered women with children, and least common among married women with children; 2) it is negatively correlated with age at first birth; 3) it is least common among highly educated women without children, and most common among less educated women with children; and 4) among women with two or more children, it is positively correlated with lifetime number of long-term partners. These predictions were tested using multivariate regression analysis. The first prediction was not supported: women with children were more likely to be sterilized, regardless of their marital status. The other three predictions were all supported by the data. The results suggest that trade-offs influence women’s decisions to undergo voluntary sterilization. Women are most likely to opt for tubal ligation when the costs of an additional child will impinge on their ability to invest in existing offspring, especially in the context of reduced male commitment.
Design and analysis of an origami-based three-finger manipulator
Authors: Jeong Donghwa , Lee Kiju 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThis paper describes a new robotic manipulator with three fingers based on an origami twisted tower design. The design specifications, kinematic description, and results from the stiffness and durability tests for the selected origami design are presented. The robotic arm is made of a 10-layer twisted tower, actuated by four cables with pulleys driven by servo motors. Each finger is made of a smaller 11-layer tower and uses a single cable directly attached to a servo motor. The current hardware setup supports vision-based autonomous control and internet-based remote control in real time. For preliminary evaluation of the robot's object manipulation capabilities, arbitrary objects with varying weights, sizes, and shapes (i.e., a shuttlecock, an egg shell, a paper cub, and a cubic block) were selected and the rate of successful grasping and lifting for each object was measured. In addition, an experiment comparing a rigid gripper and the new origami-based manipulator revealed that the origami structure in the fingers absorbs the excessive force applied to the object through force distribution and structural deformation, demonstrating its potential applications for effective manipulation of fragile objects.
Supermarket access, transport mode and BMI: the potential for urban design and planning policy across socio-economic areas
Authors: Murphy Maureen , Koohsari Mohammad Javad , Badland Hannah , Giles-Corti Billie 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate dietary intake, BMI and supermarket access at varying geographic scales and transport modes across areas of socio-economic disadvantage, and to evaluate the implementation of an urban planning policy that provides guidance on spatial access to supermarkets.DesignCross-sectional study used generalised estimating equations to investigate associations between supermarket density and proximity, vegetable and fruit intake and BMI at five geographic scales representing distances people travel to purchase food by varying transport modes. A stratified analysis by area-level disadvantage was conducted to detect optimal distances to supermarkets across socio-economic areas. Spatial distribution of supermarket and transport access was analysed using a geographic information system.SettingMelbourne, Australia.SubjectsAdults (n3128) from twelve local government areas (LGA) across Melbourne.ResultsSupermarket access was protective of BMI for participants in high disadvantaged areas within 800 m (P=0·040) and 1000 m (P=0·032) road network buffers around the household but not for participants in less disadvantaged areas. In urban growth area LGA, only 26 % of dwellings were within 1 km of a supermarket, far less than 80–90 % of dwellings suggested in the local urban planning policy. Low public transport access compounded disadvantage.ConclusionsRapid urbanisation is a global health challenge linked to increases in dietary risk factors and BMI. Our findings highlight the importance of identifying the most appropriate geographic scale to inform urban planning policy for optimal health outcomes across socio-economic strata. Urban planning policy implementation in disadvantaged areas within cities has potential for reducing health inequities.
Associations between perceived friends’ support of healthy eating and meal skipping in adolescence
Authors: Rosenrauch Sharon , Ball Kylie , Lamb Karen E 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveMeal skipping is a relatively common behaviour during adolescence. As peer influence increases during adolescence, friendship groups may play a role in determining eating patterns such as meal skipping. The current study examined cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between perceived friends’ support of healthy eating and breakfast and lunch skipping among adolescents.DesignSurvey of intrapersonal, social and environmental factors that may influence eating patterns at baseline (2004/05) and follow-up (2006/07).SettingThirty-seven secondary schools in Victoria, Australia.SubjectsSample of 1785 students aged 12–15 years at baseline.ResultsAdolescents who reported that their friends sometimes or often ate healthy foods with them were less likely (adjusted OR; 95 % CI) to skip breakfast (sometimes: 0·71; 0·57, 0·90; often: 0·54; 0·38, 0·76) or lunch (sometimes: 0·61; 0·41, 0·89; often: 0·59; 0·37, 0·94) at baseline than those who reported their friends never or rarely displayed this behaviour. Although this variable was associated with lunch skipping at follow-up, there was no evidence of an association with breakfast skipping at follow-up. There was no evidence of an association between perceived encouragement of healthy eating, and an inconsistent relationship between perceived discouragement of junk food consumption, and meal skipping.ConclusionsFriends eating healthy foods together may serve to reduce meal skipping during early adolescence, possibly due to the influence of directly observable behaviour and shared beliefs held by those in the same friendship group. Verbal encouragement or discouragement from friends may be less impactful an influence on meal skipping (than directly observable behaviours) in adolescents.
Emplacement and biodegradation of oil in fractured basement: the ‘coal’ deposit in Moinian gneiss at Castle Leod, Ross-shire
Authors: Parnell John , Baba Mas'ud , Bowden Stephen 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTBitumen veins were formerly mined as ‘coal’ from Moinian metamorphic basement at Castle Leod, Strathpeffer, Ross-shire. The abundance and spatial concentration of hydrocarbons implies generation of a large volume of oil that exerted a fluid pressure great enough to open veins to 1+ m width. Biomarker characteristics, including β-carotane and a high proportion of C28 steranes, correlate the bitumen to Lower Devonian non-marine shales separated from the Moinian basement by a major fault. Bitumen in the Moinian basement has higher diasterane/sterane ratios than bitumen in the Devonian sequence, indicating greater levels of biodegradation, which may reflect more interaction with water in the basement. Replacive bitumen nodules in the Moinian basement, containing thoriferous/uraniferous mineral phases, are comparable with bitumen nodules in basement terrains elsewhere. Formation of the nodules represents hydrocarbon penetration of low-permeability basement, consistent with high fluid pressure. Bitumen veins are particularly orientated E–W, and may be associated with E–W transfer faults attributed to Permo-Carboniferous basin inversion.
Speech Situation Checklist–Revised: Investigation With Adults Who Do Not Stutter and Treatment-Seeking Adults Who Stutter
Authors: Vanryckeghem Martine , Matthews Michael , Xu Peixin 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the Speech Situation Checklist for adults who stutter (SSC) in differentiating people who stutter (PWS) from speakers with no stutter based on self-reports of anxiety and speech disruption in communicative settings. The SSC's psychometric properties were examined, norms were established, and suggestions for treatment were formulated.

Method
The SSC was administered to 88 PWS seeking treatment and 209 speakers with no stutter between the ages of 18 and 62. The SSC consists of 2 sections investigating negative emotional reaction and speech disruption in 38 speech situations that are identical in both sections.

Results
The SSC–Emotional Reaction and SSC–Speech Disruption data show that these self-report tests differentiate PWS from speakers with no stutter to a statistically significant extent and have great discriminative value. The tests have good internal reliability, content, and construct validity. Age and gender do not affect the scores of the PWS.

Conclusions
The SSC–Emotional Reaction and SSC–Speech Disruption seem to be powerful measures to investigate negative emotion and speech breakdown in an array of speech situations. The item scores give direction to treatment by suggesting speech situations that need a clinician's attention in terms of generalization and carry-over of within-clinic therapeutic gains into in vivo settings.
On the best constant matrix approximating an oscillatory matrix-valued coefficient in divergence-form operators
Authors: Le Bris Claude , Legoll Frédéric , Lemaire Simon 
Published: September 2017

We approximate an elliptic problem with oscillatory coefficients using a problem of the same type, but with constant coefficients. We deliberately take an engineering perspective, where the information on the oscillatory coefficients in the equation can be incomplete. A theoretical foundation of the approach in the limit of infinitely small oscillations of the coefficients is provided, using the classical theory of homogenization. We present a comprehensive study of the implementation aspects of our method, and a set of numerical tests and comparisons that show the potential practical interest of the approach. The approach detailed in this article improves on an earlier version briefly presented in [C. Le Bris, F. Legoll and K. Li, C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris, Série I 351 (2013) 265–270].