bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A New Procedure for Addition of Thiols to Imines using Zn[(L)‐Proline]2 as a Catalyst under Mild Conditions
Authors: de Oliveira Aline R. , da Silva Caren D. G. , Katla Ramesh , Rocha Mariana P. D. , Albuquerque Tabata B. , Kupfer Vicente Lira , Rinaldi Andrelson W. , Domingues Nelson Luís C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerein we present a new, highly efficient (60‐ 98 %), low cost and easy procedure for the addition of thiols to N‐Boc imines catalyzed by [Zn(L‐Pro)2] aiming the construction of some different N,S‐acetals by using a low catalytic loading (1 % mol) in short reactions time and under mild conditions.
Toxicity assessment of magnetosomes in different models
Authors: Revathy T. , Jayasri M. A. , Suthindhiran K. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Magnetosomes are nanosized iron oxide particles surrounded by lipid membrane synthesized by magnetotactic bacteria (MTB). Magnetosomes have been exploited for a broad range of biomedical and biotechnological applications. Due to their enormous potential in the biomedical field, its safety assessment is necessary. Detailed research on the toxicity of the magnetosomes was not studied so far. This study focuses on the toxicity assessment of magnetosomes in various models such as Human RBC’s, WBC’s, mouse macrophage cell line (J774), Onion root tip and fish (Oreochromis mossambicus). The toxicity in RBC models revealed that the RBC’s are unaltered up to a concentration of 150 µg/ml, and its morphology was not affected. The genotoxicity studies on WBC’s showed that there were no detectable chromosomal aberrations up to a concentration of 100 µg/ml. Similarly, there were no detectable morphological changes observed on the magnetosome-treated J774 cells, and the viability of the cells was above 90% at all the tested concentrations. Furthermore, the magnetosomes are not toxic to the fish (O. mossambicus), as no mortality or behavioural changes were observed in the magnetosome-treated groups. Histopathological analysis of the same reveals no damage in the muscle and gill sections. Overall, the results suggest that the magnetosomes are safe at lower concentration and does not pose any potential risk to the ecosystem.
Regional differences in dendritic spine density confer resilience to chronic social defeat stress
Authors: Qu Youge , Yang Chun , Ren Qian , Ma Min , Dong Chao , Hashimoto Kenji 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveAlthough alterations in the dendritic spine density in the brain regions may play a role in the stress-induced depression-like phenotype, the precise mechanisms are unknown. The aim was to investigate the role of spine density in the brain regions after chronic social defeat stress (CSDS).MethodsWe examined dendritic spine density in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), CA1, CA3, dentate gyrus (DG) of hippocampus, nucleus accumbens (NAc), and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of susceptible and resilient mice after CSDS.ResultsSpine density in the prelimbic area of mPFC, CA3, and DG in the susceptible group, but not resilient group, was significantly lower than control group. In contrast, spine density in the NAc and VTA in the susceptible group, but not resilient group, was significantly higher than control group.ConclusionsThe results suggest that regional differences in spine density may contribute to resilience versus susceptibility in mice subjected to CSDS.
Spatial patterns of primate hunting in riverine communities in Central Amazonia
Authors: Pereira Priscila Maria , Valsecchi João , Queiroz Helder 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn many regions primates are an important dietary resource for isolated human populations, and they are among the most hunted species by traditional and indigenous communities in the Neotropics. Little is known about the characteristics or the spatial and temporal patterns of hunting, which limits a more detailed evaluation of its impact. We describe, quantify and analyse the spatial dynamics of primate hunting in the várzea (seasonally flooded forest) and paleovárzea (characterized by a series of low-lying ridges interspersed with flooded depressions, which result from cyclical depositional processes) environments of Central Amazonia, based on the monitoring of riverine communities at the Amanã and Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserves over an 11-year period. During this time 402 primate hunting events were recorded, involving the harvesting of 541 individuals of nine species:Alouatta juara, Aotuscf.vociferans,Ateles chamek, Cacajao ouakary, Callicebus lucifer,Cebus albifrons, Saguinus inustus, Saimiri cassiquiarensisandSapajus macrocephalus. Two hundred and forty of these hunts occurred in the paleovárzea and 162 in the várzea. The distances travelled by the hunters from their communities to the kill sites were significantly different between the environments, with longer distances being covered in the paleovárzea. Hunters in the paleovárzea also hunted across significantly larger areas than those in the várzea. The continuous monitoring of hunting areas and the gathering of data on the exploitation of species are necessary to understand the effects of hunting, as well as to support decision making in the management of the local fauna by traditional communities, and the development of effective conservation strategies for the local game species.
Comparison of outcomes in Australian indigenous and non-indigenous children and adolescents undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Justo Edward R. , Reeves Benjamin M. , Ware Robert S. , Johnson Janelle C. , Karl Tom R. , Alphonso Nelson D. , Justo Robert N. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackgroundPopulation-based registries report 95% 5-year survival for children undergoing surgery for CHD. This study investigated paediatric cardiac surgical outcomes in the Australian indigenous population.MethodsAll children who underwent cardiac surgery between May, 2008 and August, 2014 were studied. Demographic information including socio-economic status, diagnoses and co-morbidities, and treatment and outcome data were collected at time of surgery and at last follow-up.ResultsA total of 1528 children with a mean age 3.4±4.6 years were studied. Among them, 123 (8.1%) children were identified as indigenous, and 52.7% (62) of indigenous patients were in the lowest third of the socio-economic index compared with 28.2% (456) of non-indigenous patients (p⩽0.001). The indigenous sample had a significantly higher Comprehensive Aristotle Complexity score (indigenous 9.4±4.2 versus non-indigenous 8.7±3.9, p=0.04). The probability of having long-term follow-up did not differ between groups (indigenous 93.8% versus non-indigenous 95.6%, p=0.17). No difference was noted in 30-day mortality (indigenous 3.2% versus non-indigenous 1.4%, p=0.13). The 6-year survival for the entire cohort was 95.9%. The Cox survival analysis demonstrated higher 6-year mortality in the indigenous group – indigenous 8.1% versus non-indigenous 5.0%; hazard ratio (HR)=2.1; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.1, 4.2; p=0.03. Freedom from surgical re-intervention was 79%, and was not significantly associated with the indigenous status (HR=1.4; 95% CI: 0.9, 1.9; p=0.11). When long-term survival was adjusted for the Comprehensive Aristotle Complexity score, no difference in outcomes between the populations was demonstrated (HR=1.6; 95% CI: 0.8, 3.2; p=0.19).ConclusionThe indigenous population experienced higher late mortality. This apparent relationship is explained by increased patient complexity, which may reflect negative social and environmental factors.
Long noncoding RNA UCA1 induced by SP1 promotes cell proliferation via recruiting EZH2 and activating AKT pathway in gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Zhen-Qiang , Cai Qiang , Hu Lei , He Chang-Yu , Li Jian-Fang , Quan Zhi-Wei , Liu Bing-Ya , Li Chen , Zhu Zheng-Gang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLong noncoding RNA UCA1 has emerged as a novel regulator in cancer initiation and progression of various cancers. However, function and underlying mechanism of UCA1 in the progression of gastric cancer (GC) remain unclear. In the present study, we report that UCA1 expressed highly in GC tissues and GC cells, which was partly induced by SP1. UCA1 promoted GC cell proliferation and G1/S transition in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, UCA1 exerted its function through interacting with EZH2, promoting direct interaction with cyclin D1 promoter to activate the translation of cyclin D1. Furthermore, AKT/GSK-3B/cyclin D1 axis was activated to upregulate cyclin D1 due to overexpression of UCA1. In addition, EZH2 and phosphorylated AKT induced by UCA1 could impact each other to form a positive feedback to promote cyclin D1 expression. This study demonstrated that UCA1 as a critical regulator involved in GC proliferation and cell cycle progression by promoting cyclin D1 expression, which indicates that it may be clinically a potential therapeutic target in GC.
HIV integrase inhibitor, Elvitegravir, impairs RAG functions and inhibits V(D)J recombination
Authors: Nishana Mayilaadumveettil , Nilavar Namrata M , Kumari Rupa , Pandey Monica , Raghavan Sathees C 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntegrase inhibitors are a class of antiretroviral drugs used for the treatment of AIDS that target HIV integrase, an enzyme responsible for integration of viral cDNA into host genome. RAG1, a critical enzyme involved in V(D)J recombination exhibits structural similarity to HIV integrase. We find that two integrase inhibitors, Raltegravir and Elvitegravir, interfered with the physiological functions of RAGs such as binding, cleavage and hairpin formation at the recombination signal sequence (RSS), though the effect of Raltegravir was limited. Circular dichroism studies demonstrated a distinct change in the secondary structure of RAG1 central domain (RAG1 shares DDE motif amino acids with integrases), and when incubated with Elvitegravir, an equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) of 32.53±2.9 μM was determined by Biolayer interferometry, leading to inhibition of its binding to DNA. Besides, using extrachromosomal assays, we show that Elvitegravir inhibited both coding and signal joint formation in pre-B cells. Importantly, treatment with Elvitegravir resulted in significant reduction of mature B lymphocytes in 70% of mice studied. Thus, our study suggests a potential risk associated with the use of Elvitegravir as an antiretroviral drug, considering the evolutionary and structural similarities between HIV integrase and RAGs.
Mitochondrial AKAP1 supports mTOR pathway and tumor growth
Authors: Rinaldi Laura , Sepe Maria , Delle Donne Rossella , Conte Kristel , Arcella Antonietta , Borzacchiello Domenica , Amente Stefano , De Vita Fernanda , Porpora Monia , Garbi Corrado , Oliva Maria A , Procaccini Claudio , Faicchia Deriggio , Matarese Giuseppe , Zito Marino Federica , Rocco Gaetano , Pignatiello Sara , Franco Renato , Insabato Luigi , Majello Barbara , Feliciello Antonio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMitochondria are the powerhouses of energy production and the sites where metabolic pathway and survival signals integrate and focus, promoting adaptive responses to hormone stimulation and nutrient availability. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondrial bioenergetics, metabolism and signaling are linked to tumorigenesis. AKAP1 scaffolding protein integrates cAMP and src signaling on mitochondria, regulating organelle biogenesis, oxidative metabolism and cell survival. Here, we provide evidence that AKAP1 is a transcriptional target of Myc and supports the growth of cancer cells. We identify Sestrin2, a leucine sensor and inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as a novel component of the complex assembled by AKAP1 on mitochondria. Downregulation of AKAP1 impaired mTOR pathway and inhibited glioblastoma growth. Both effects were reversed by concomitant depletion of AKAP1 and sestrin2. High levels of AKAP1 were found in a wide variety of high-grade cancer tissues. In lung cancer, AKAP1 expression correlates with high levels of Myc, mTOR phosphorylation and reduced patient survival. Collectively, these data disclose a previously unrecognized role of AKAP1 in mTOR pathway regulation and cancer growth. AKAP1/mTOR signal integration on mitochondria may provide a new target for cancer therapy.
Quantum test of the equivalence principle for atoms in coherent superposition of internal energy states
Authors: Rosi G. , D’Amico G. , Cacciapuoti L. , Sorrentino F. , Prevedelli M. , Zych M. , Brukner Č. , Tino G. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe Einstein equivalence principle (EEP) has a central role in the understanding of gravity and space–time. In its weak form, or weak equivalence principle (WEP), it directly implies equivalence between inertial and gravitational mass. Verifying this principle in a regime where the relevant properties of the test body must be described by quantum theory has profound implications. Here we report on a novel WEP test for atoms: a Bragg atom interferometer in a gravity gradiometer configuration compares the free fall of rubidium atoms prepared in two hyperfine states and in their coherent superposition. The use of the superposition state allows testing genuine quantum aspects of EEP with no classical analogue, which have remained completely unexplored so far. In addition, we measure the Eötvös ratio of atoms in two hyperfine levels with relative uncertainty in the low 10−9, improving previous results by almost two orders of magnitude.
Broad-spectrum kinetic resolution of alcohols enabled by Cu–H-catalysed dehydrogenative coupling with hydrosilanes
Authors: Dong Xichang , Weickgenannt Andreas , Oestreich Martin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe enantioselective silylation of racemic alcohols, where one enantiomer reacts faster than the other, is an alternative approach to established enzymatic and non-enzymatic acylation techniques. The existing art is either limited to structurally biased alcohols or requires elaborate catalysts. Simple substrates, such as benzylic and allylic alcohols, with no coordinating functionality in the proximity of the hydroxy group have been challenging in these kinetic resolutions. We report here the identification of a broadly applicable chiral catalyst for the enantioselective dehydrogenative coupling of alcohols and hydrosilanes with both the chiral ligand and the hydrosilane being commercially available. The efficiency of kinetic resolutions is characterized by the selectivity factor, that is, the ratio of the reaction rates of the fast-reacting over the slow-reacting enantiomer. The selectivity factors achieved with the new method are good for acyclic benzylic alcohols (≤170) and high for synthetically usefully cyclic benzylic (≤40.1) and allylic alcohols (≤159).
The sands of time run faster near the end
Authors: Koivisto Juha , Durian Douglas J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractGrains exiting an underwater silo exhibit an unexpected surge in discharge rate as they empty. This contrasts with the constant flow rate of dry granular hoppers and the decreasing flow rate of pure liquids. Here we find that this surge depends on hopper diameter and happens also in air. The surge can be turned off by fixing the rate of fluid flow through the granular packing. With no flow control, dye injected on top of the packing gets drawn into the grains. We conclude that the surge is caused by a self-generated pumping of fluid through the packing. The effect is modelled via a driving pressure set by the exit speed of the grains. This highlights a surprising and unrecognized role that interstitial fluid plays in setting the discharge rate, and perhaps in controlling clog formation, for granular hoppers whether in air or under water.
One-Year stable perovskite solar cells by 2D/3D interface engineering
Authors: Grancini G. , Roldán-Carmona C. , Zimmermann I. , Mosconi E. , Lee X. , Martineau D. , Narbey S. , Oswald F. , De Angelis F. , Graetzel M. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDespite the impressive photovoltaic performances with power conversion efficiency beyond 22%, perovskite solar cells are poorly stable under operation, failing by far the market requirements. Various technological approaches have been proposed to overcome the instability problem, which, while delivering appreciable incremental improvements, are still far from a market-proof solution. Here we show one-year stable perovskite devices by engineering an ultra-stable 2D/3D (HOOC(CH2)4NH3)2PbI4/CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite junction. The 2D/3D forms an exceptional gradually-organized multi-dimensional interface that yields up to 12.9% efficiency in a carbon-based architecture, and 14.6% in standard mesoporous solar cells. To demonstrate the up-scale potential of our technology, we fabricate 10 × 10 cm2 solar modules by a fully printable industrial-scale process, delivering 11.2% efficiency stable for >10,000 h with zero loss in performances measured under controlled standard conditions. This innovative stable and low-cost architecture will enable the timely commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
The lateral distance between a proton pump and ATP synthase determines the ATP-synthesis rate
Authors: Sjöholm Johannes , Bergstrand Jan , Nilsson Tobias , Šachl Radek , Ballmoos Christoph von , Widengren Jerker , Brzezinski Peter 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe have investigated the effect of lipid composition on interactions between cytochrome bo3 and ATP-synthase, and the ATP-synthesis activity driven by proton pumping. The two proteins were labeled by fluorescent probes and co-reconstituted in large (d ≅ 100 nm) or giant (d ≅ 10 µm) unilamellar lipid vesicles. Interactions were investigated using fluorescence correlation/cross-correlation spectroscopy and the activity was determined by measuring ATP production, driven by electron-proton transfer, as a function of time. We found that conditions that promoted direct interactions between the two proteins in the membrane (higher fraction DOPC lipids or labeling by hydrophobic molecules) correlated with an increased activity. These data indicate that the ATP-synthesis rate increases with decreasing distance between cytochrome bo3 and the ATP-synthase, and involves proton transfer along the membrane surface. The maximum distance for lateral proton transfer along the surface was found to be ~80 nm.
The first Neanderthal remains from an open-air Middle Palaeolithic site in the Levant
Authors: Been Ella , Hovers Erella , Ekshtain Ravid , Malinski-Buller Ariel , Agha Nuha , Barash Alon , Mayer Daniella E. Bar-Yosef , Benazzi Stefano , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Levin Lihi , Greenbaum Noam , Mitki Netta , Oxilia Gregorio , Porat Naomi , Roskin Joel , Soudack Michalle , Yeshurun Reuven , Shahack-Gross Ruth , Nir Nadav , Stahlschmidt Mareike C. , Rak Yoel , Barzilai Omry 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe late Middle Palaeolithic (MP) settlement patterns in the Levant included the repeated use of caves and open landscape sites. The fossil record shows that two types of hominins occupied the region during this period—Neandertals and Homo sapiens. Until recently, diagnostic fossil remains were found only at cave sites. Because the two populations in this region left similar material cultural remains, it was impossible to attribute any open-air site to either species. In this study, we present newly discovered fossil remains from intact archaeological layers of the open-air site ‘Ein Qashish, in northern Israel. The hominin remains represent three individuals: EQH1, a nondiagnostic skull fragment; EQH2, an upper right third molar (RM3); and EQH3, lower limb bones of a young Neandertal male. EQH2 and EQH3 constitute the first diagnostic anatomical remains of Neandertals at an open-air site in the Levant. The optically stimulated luminescence ages suggest that Neandertals repeatedly visited ‘Ein Qashish between 70 and 60 ka. The discovery of Neandertals at open-air sites during the late MP reinforces the view that Neandertals were a resilient population in the Levant shortly before Upper Palaeolithic Homo sapiens populated the region.
Noncanonical cell death program independent of caspase activation cascade and necroptotic modules is elicited by loss of TGFβ-activated kinase 1
Authors: Mihaly September R. , Sakamachi Yosuke , Ninomiya-Tsuji Jun , Morioka Sho 
Published: June 2017

AbstractProgrammed cell death (PCD) occurs in several forms including apoptosis and necroptosis. Apoptosis is executed by the activation of caspases, while necroptosis is dependent on the receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3). Precise control of cell death is crucial for tissue homeostasis. Indeed, necroptosis is triggered by caspase inhibition to ensure cell death. Here we identified a previously uncharacterized cell death pathway regulated by TAK1, which is unexpectedly provoked by inhibition of caspase activity and necroptosis cascades. Ablation of TAK1 triggers spontaneous death in macrophages. Simultaneous inhibition of caspases and RIPK3 did not completely restore cell viability. Previous studies demonstrated that loss of TAK1 in fibroblasts causes TNF-induced apoptosis and that additional inhibition of caspase leads to necroptotic cell death. However, we surprisingly found that caspase and RIPK3 inhibitions do not completely suppress cell death in Tak1-deficient cells. Mechanistically, the execution of the third cell death pathway in Tak1-deficient macrophages and fibroblasts were mediated by RIPK1-dependent rapid accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Conversely, activation of RIPK1 was sufficient to induce cell death. Therefore, loss of TAK1 elicits noncanonical cell death which is mediated by RIPK1-induced oxidative stress upon caspase and necroptosis inhibition to further ensure induction of cell death.
Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation on temperature and pain perception
Authors: Mordillo-Mateos Laura , Dileone Michele , Soto-León Vanesa , Brocalero-Camacho Angela , Pérez-Borrego Yolanda A , Onate-Figuerez Ana , Aguilar Juan , Oliviero Antonio 
Published: June 2017

AbstractTranscranial direct current stimulation modifies cortical excitability and in consequence some cerebral functions. In the present study we aimed to elucidate whether tDCS could affect temperature and pain perceptions in healthy subjects testing different stimulation parameters. A total of 20 healthy subjects were studied by means of quantitative sensory testing. Two different experiments were performed. First, we studied the effects of 15 minutes 2 mA anodal transcranial direct current stimulation applied over left M1 and parietal cortex in two separated sessions. Then, we tested the effects of 5 minutes tDCS over M1 by means of a sham controlled design to optimize the possibility to study minimal effects of tDCS using different polarities (cathodal and anodal) and intensities (1 and 2 mA). 2 mA anodal tDCS, when applied for both 15 and 5 minutes over the motor cortex, increased cold perception threshold. Conversely, motor cortex cathodal tDCS modulated cold perception threshold only when 1 mA intensity was used. M1-tDCS can modify the temperature perception; these effects are polarity and intensity dependent. As stimulation intensity seems critical to determine the effects, we suggest that for clinical application strong anodal tDCS (>1 mA) or weak cathodal tDCS (<2 mA) should be used for pain control.