bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Algorithm‐based pharmacotherapy for first‐episode schizophrenia involuntarily hospitalized: A retrospective analysis of real‐world practice
Authors: Yoshimura Bunta , Sato Kojiro , Takaki Manabu , Yamada Norihito 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundLittle is known about the clinical outcomes of severely ill patients with first‐episode schizophrenia spectrum disorders (FES) who are considered to lack the capacity to consent to clinical trials. We investigated the feasibility of an algorithm‐based pharmacotherapy (ABP) and clinical outcomes of patients with FES involuntarily hospitalized and treated with ABP.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of 160 patients admitted involuntarily between October 2012 and October 2015. Our algorithm aimed to delay olanzapine, standardize medications and suggest initiation of clozapine after failure (non‐response or intolerability) of third‐line antipsychotic treatment. The duration of each adequate antipsychotic treatment at optimal dosage was 4 weeks or more.ResultsThe physician adherence rate to ABP was 95%. Response and remission rates were 76.0% and 48.6% in the first adequate antipsychotic trial (Phase I, n = 146), 62.5% and 25.0% in the second adequate antipsychotic trial (Phase II, n = 32), and 16.7% and 0% in the third adequate antipsychotic trial (Phase III, n = 6). Response and remission rates in the clozapine trial (n = 9) increased to nearly the level of Phase I (66.7% and 44.4%). The treatment‐resistance rate was 8.4% to 10.3%.ConclusionsThese findings suggested the validity of ABP and initiation of clozapine for treatment‐resistant psychotic symptoms for even severely ill involuntarily hospitalized patients with FES.
Towards a Dialogic Understanding of Children's Art‐Making Process
Authors: Kim Hyunsu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis article is intended to identify the complex process of children's art making by bringing new methodologies into the analysis of children's pictures. This article analyses the art‐making process of a selected drawing by a five‐year‐old boy. The study builds on previous findings regarding children's verbal discourses during the art‐making process in terms of aspects of learning and suggests a possible method of combining two approaches, visual and verbal discourse analyses. In the process of creating one picture, the focal child, Daniel, made a series of drawings that revealed his own interests and included other voices. In doing so, he used the picture as a mediation tool to reflect several children's personal stands, their interactive process and the larger social discourse.
CD44+ fibroblasts increases breast cancer cell survival and drug resistance via IGF2BP3‐CD44‐IGF2 signalling
Authors: Liu Yonglei , Yu Conghui , Wu Yonggang , Sun Xiangjun , Su Quanping , You Cuiping , Xin Hongwu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCD44, a cell adhesion protein, involves in various process in cancer such as cell survival and metastasis. Most researches on CD44 in cancer focus on cancer cells. Recently, it is found that CD44 expression is high in fibroblasts of tumour microenvironment. However, its role in communication between fibroblasts and breast cancer cells is seldom known. In this study, CD44‐positive (CD44+Fbs) and CD44‐negative carcinoma‐associated fibroblasts (CD44−Fbs) were isolated and cocultured with breast cancer cells for analysis of cell survival and drug resistance. We found that CD44+Fbs promoted breast cancer cell survival and paclitaxel resistance and inhibited paclitaxel‐induced apoptosis. Our further research for the molecular mechanism showed that IGF2BP3 bound to CD44 mRNA and enhanced CD44 expression, which increased IGF2 levels of fibroblasts and then stimulated breast cancer cell proliferation and drug resistance. IGF2 was found to activate Hedgehog signal pathway in breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the results illustrated that in CD44+Fbs, binding of IGF2BP3 and CD44 promotes IGF2 expression and then accelerates breast cancer cell proliferation, survival and induced chemotherapy resistance likely by activating Hedgehog signal pathways.
Polydatin reduces Staphylococcus aureus lipoteichoic acid‐induced injury by attenuating reactive oxygen species generation and TLR2‐NFκB signalling
Authors: Zhao Gan , Jiang Kangfeng , Wu Haichong , Qiu Changwei , Deng Ganzhen , Peng Xiuli 
Published: May 2017

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) causes severe inflammation in various infectious diseases, leading to high mortality. The clinical application of antibiotics has gained a significant curative effect. However, it has led to the emergence of various resistant bacteria. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the protective effect of polydatin (PD), a traditional Chinese medicine extract, on S. aureus lipoteichoic acid (LTA)‐induced injury in vitro and in vivo. First, a significant improvement in the pathological conditions of PD in vivo was observed, suggesting that PD had a certain protective effect on LTA‐induced injury in a mouse model. To further explore the underlying mechanisms of this protective effect of PD, LTA‐induced murine macrophages were used in this study. The results have shown that PD could reduce the NF‐κB p65, and IκBα phosphorylation levels increased by LTA, resulting in a decrease in the transcription of pro‐inflammatory factors, such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6. However, LTA can not only activate NF‐κB through the recognition of TLR2 but also increase the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby activating NF‐κB signalling. We also detected high levels of ROS that activate caspases 9 and 3 to induce apoptosis. In addition, using a specific NF‐κB inhibitor that could attenuate apoptosis, namely NF‐κB p65, acted as a pro‐apoptotic transcription factor in LTA‐induced murine macrophages. However, PD could inhibit the generation of ROS and NF‐κB p65 activation, suggesting that PD suppressed LTA‐induced injury by attenuating ROS generation and TLR2‐NFκB signalling.
C1q/TNF‐related protein 9 inhibits the cholesterol‐induced Vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switch and cell dysfunction by activating AMP‐dependent kinase
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhang Hui , Lin Jiale , Zhang Ruoxi , Chen Shuyuan , Liu Wei , Sun Meng , Du Wenjuan , Hou Jingbo , Yu Bo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractVascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) switch to macrophage‐like cells after cholesterol loading, and this change may play an important role in the progression of atherosclerosis. C1q/TNF‐related protein 9 (CTRP9) is a recently discovered adipokine that has been shown to have beneficial effects on glucose metabolism and vascular function, particularly in regard to cardiovascular disease. The question of whether CTRP9 can protect VSMCs from cholesterol damage has not been addressed. In this study, the impact of CTRP9 on cholesterol‐damaged VSMCs was observed. Our data show that in cholesterol‐treated VSMCs, CTRP9 significantly reversed the cholesterol‐induced increases in pro‐inflammatory factor secretion, monocyte adhesion, cholesterol uptake and expression of the macrophage marker CD68. Meanwhile, CTRP9 prevented the cholesterol‐induced activation of the TLR4–MyD88–p65 pathway and upregulated the expression of proteins important for cholesterol efflux. Mechanistically, as siRNA‐induced selective gene ablation of AMPKα1 abolished these effects of CTRP9, we concluded that CTRP9 achieves these protective effects in VSMCs through the AMP‐dependent kinase (AMPK) pathway.
Antineoplastic effects of clove buds (Syzygium aromaticum L.) in the model of breast carcinoma
Authors: Kubatka Peter , Uramova Sona , Kello Martin , Kajo Karol , Kruzliak Peter , Mojzis Jan , Vybohova Desanka , Adamkov Marian , Jasek Karina , Lasabova Zora , Zubor Pavol , Fialova Silvia , Dokupilova Svetlana , Solar Peter , Pec Martin , Adamicova Katarina , Danko Jan , Adamek Mariusz , Busselberg Dietrich 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIt is supposed that plant functional foods, rich in phytochemicals, may potentially have preventive effects in carcinogenesis. In this study, the anticancer effects of cloves in the in vivo and in vitro mammary carcinoma model were assessed. Dried flower buds of cloves (CLOs) were used at two concentrations of 0.1% and 1% through diet during 13 weeks after the application of chemocarcinogen. After autopsy, histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses of rat mammary carcinomas were performed. Moreover, in vitro evaluation using MCF‐7 cells was carried out. Dietary administered CLO caused the dose‐dependent decrease in tumour frequency by 47.5% and 58.5% when compared to control. Analysis of carcinoma cells in animals showed bcl‐2, Ki67, VEGFA, CD24 and CD44 expression decrease and Bax, caspase‐3 and ALDH1 expression increase after high‐dose CLO administration. MDA levels were substantially decreased in rat carcinomas in both CLO groups. The evaluation of histone modifications revealed increase in lysine trimethylations and acetylations (H4K20me3, H4K16ac) in carcinomas after CLO administration. TIMP3 promoter methylation levels of CpG3, CpG4, CpG5 islands were altered in treated cancer cells. An increase in total RASSF1A promoter methylation (three CpG sites) in CLO 1 group was found. In vitro studies showed antiproliferative and pro‐apoptotic effects of CLO extract in MCF‐7 cells (analyses of cytotoxicity, Brdu, cell cycle, annexin V/PI, caspase‐7, Bcl‐2 and mitochondrial membrane potential). This study showed a significant anticancer effect of clove buds in the mammary carcinoma model in vivo and in vitro.
Modulation of nuclear REST by alternative splicing: a potential therapeutic target for Huntington's disease
Authors: Chen Guo‐Lin , Ma Qi , Goswami Dharmendra , Shang Jianyu , Miller Gregory M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractHuntington's disease (HD) is caused by a genetically mutated huntingtin (mHtt) protein with expanded polyQ stretch, which impairs cytosolic sequestration of the repressor element‐1 silencing transcription factor (REST), resulting in excessive nuclear REST and subsequent repression of neuronal genes. We recently demonstrated that REST undergoes extensive, context‐dependent alternative splicing, of which exon‐3 skipping (∆E3)—a common event in human and nonhuman primates—causes loss of a motif critical for REST nuclear targeting. This study aimed to determine whether ∆E3 can be targeted to reduce nuclear REST and rescue neuronal gene expression in mouse striatal‐derived, mHtt‐expressing STHdhQ111/Q111 cells—a well‐established cellular model of HD. We designed two morpholino antisense oligos (ASOs) targeting the splice sites of Rest E3 and examined their effects on ∆E3, nuclear Rest accumulation and Rest‐controlled gene expression in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells. We found that (1) the ASOs treatment significantly induced ∆E3, reduced nuclear Rest, and rescued transcription and/or mis‐splicing of specific neuronal genes (e.g. Syn1 and Stmn2) in STHdhQ111/Q111 cells; and (2) the ASOs‐induced transcriptional regulation was dependent on ∆E3 induction and mimicked by siRNA‐mediated knock‐down of Rest expression. Our findings demonstrate modulation of nuclear REST by ∆E3 and its potential as a new therapeutic target for HD and provide new insights into environmental regulation of genome function and pathogenesis of HD. As ∆E3 is modulated by cellular signalling and linked to various types of cancer, we anticipate that ∆E3 contributes to environmentally tuned REST function and may have a broad range of clinical implications.
Telomere attrition and growth: a life‐history framework and case study in common terns
Authors: Vedder O. , Verhulst S. , Bauch C. , Bouwhuis S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe relationship between growth and age‐specific telomere length, as a proxy of somatic state, is increasingly investigated, but observed patterns vary and a predictive framework is lacking. We outline expectations based on the assumption that telomere maintenance is costly and argue that individual heterogeneity in resource acquisition is predicted to lead to positive covariance between growth and telomere length. However, canalization of resource allocation to the trait with a larger effect on fitness, rendering that trait relatively invariant, can cause the absence of covariance. In a case study of common tern (Sterna hirundo) chicks, in which hatching order is the main determinant of variation in resource acquisition within broods, we find that body mass, but not telomere length or attrition, varies with hatching order. Moreover, body mass and growth positively predict survival to fledging, whereas telomere length and attrition do not. Using a novel statistical method to quantify standardized variance in plasticity, we estimate between‐individual variation in telomere attrition to be only 12% of that of growth. Consistent with the relative invariance of telomere attrition, we find no correlation between age‐specific body mass or growth and telomere attrition. We suggest that common tern chicks prioritize investment in long‐term somatic state (as indicated by canalization of telomere maintenance) over immediate survival benefits of growth as part of an efficient brood reduction strategy that benefits the parents. As such, interspecific variation in the growth–telomere length relationship may be explained by the extent to which parents benefit from rapid mortality of excess offspring.
Examining conscientiousness as a key resource in resisting email interruptions: Implications for volatile resources and goal achievement
Authors: Russell Emma , Woods Stephen A. , Banks Adrian P. 
Published: May 2017

Within the context of the conservation of resources model, when a resource is deployed, it is depleted – albeit temporarily. However, when a ‘key’, stable resource, such as Conscientiousness, is activated (e.g., using a self‐control strategy, such as resisting an email interruption), we predicted that (1) another, more volatile resource (affective well‐being) would be impacted and that (2) this strategy would be deployed as a trade‐off, allowing one to satisfy task goals, at the expense of well‐being goals. We conducted an experience‐sampling field study with 52 email‐users dealing with their normal email as it interrupted them over the course of a half‐day period. This amounted to a total of 376 email reported across the sample. Results were analysed using random coefficient hierarchical linear modelling and included cross‐level interactions for Conscientiousness with strategy and well‐being. Our first prediction was supported – deploying the stable, key resource of Conscientiousness depletes the volatile, fluctuating resource of affective well‐being. However, our second prediction was not fully realized. Although resisting or avoiding an email interruption was perceived to hinder well‐being goal achievement by Conscientious people, it had neither a positive nor negative impact on task goal achievement. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.Practitioner points

It may be necessary for highly Conscientious people to turn off their email interruption alerts at work, in order to avoid the strain that results from an activation‐resistance mechanism afforded by the arrival of a new email.

Deploying key resources means that volatile resources may be differentially spent, depending on one's natural tendencies and how these interact with the work task and context. This suggests that the relationship between demands and resources is not always direct and predictable.

Practitioners may wish to appraise the strategies they use to deal with demands such as email at work, to identify if these strategies are assisting with task or well‐being goal achievement, or whether they have become defunct through automation.
Primary pupils' creative writing: enacting identities in a Community of Writers
Authors: Dobson Tom , Stephenson Lisa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper focuses on a Community of Writers creative writing project where 25 primary school pupils from lower socio‐economic backgrounds took part in creative writing workshops over a 2‐week period at a higher education institution. Using practitioner enquiry and discourse analysis, this paper views identity as participation in ‘figured worlds’ and highlights the relationship between the children's creative writing outputs and their shifting identities (Holland et al., ). A case is made that children's authentic creative writing can be nurtured by a community that promotes intertextuality and ‘hybridity’ (Bakhtin, ) as well as balancing pedagogical ‘structure’ and ‘freedom’ (Davies et al., ) in order to provide textual space for writers to enact different identities. At a time when the global figuring power of performativity (Ball, ) actively restricts the ways in which teachers and children interact, this paper also presents an informed argument for the value of school–university research partnerships.
NDRG4, an early detection marker for colorectal cancer, is specifically expressed in enteric neurons
Authors: Vaes N. , Lentjes M. H. F. M. , Gijbels M. J. , Rademakers G. , Daenen K. L. , Boesmans W. , Wouters K. A. D. , Geuzens A. , Qu X. , Steinbusch H. P. J. , Rutten B. P. F. , Baldwin S. H. , Sharkey K. A. , Hofstra R. M. W. , van Engeland M. , Vanden Berghe P. , Melotte V. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundPromoter methylation of N‐myc Downstream‐Regulated Gene 4 (NDRG4) in fecal DNA is an established early detection marker for colorectal cancer (CRC). Despite its connection to CRC, NDRG4 is predominantly studied in brain and heart, with little to no knowledge about its expression or role in other organs. In this study, we aimed to determine the whole‐body expression of NDRG4, with a focus on the intestinal tract.MethodsWe investigated NDRG4 expression throughout the body by immunohistochemistry, Western Blotting and in situ mRNA hybridization using tissues from NDRG4 wild‐type, heterozygous and knockout mice and humans. In addition, we explored cell‐specific expression of NDRG4 in murine whole‐mount gut preparations using immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy.Key ResultsNDRG4 is specifically expressed within nervous system structures throughout the body. In the intestinal tract of both mouse and man, NDRG4 immunoreactivity was restricted to the enteric nervous system (ENS), where it labeled cell bodies of the myenteric and submucosal plexuses and interconnecting nerve fibers. More precisely, NDRG4 expression was limited to neurons, as NDRG4 always co‐localized with HuC/D (pan‐neuronal marker) but never with GFAP (an enteric glial cell marker). Furthermore, NDRG4 was expressed in various neuropeptide Y positive neurons, but was only found in a minority (~10%) of neurons expressing neuronal nitric oxide synthase.Conclusions and InferencesNDRG4 is exclusively expressed by central, peripheral and enteric neurons/nerves, suggesting a neuronal‐specific role of this protein. Our findings raise the question whether NDRG4, via the ENS, an understudied component of the tumor microenvironment, supports CRC development and/or progression.
Handy Hints About Raynaud's Phenomenon in Children: A Critical Review
Authors: Rigante Donato , Fastiggi Michele , Ricci Francesco , D'Errico Francesca , Bracci Benedetta , Guerriero Cristina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRaynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a vasospastic disorder characterized by recurrent self‐limited episodes of skin pallor, cyanosis, and hyperemia caused by paroxysmal spasms in the small arteries of the fingers and toes and can occur in any age group. Hands, feet, nose, ears, and nipples can be affected. The diagnosis is made clinically, assessing varying degrees of ischemia in the involved areas of skin, but this transient ischemia may also herald the onset of connective tissue disease. Investigation is recommended when RP starts in childhood to exclude an underlying autoimmune condition and close follow‐up for its development. Management of RP in children includes conservative and pharmacologic treatments.
Parent and Child Characteristics Associated with Child Sunburn and Sun Protection Among U.S. Hispanics
Authors: Day Ashley K. , Stapleton Jerod L. , Natale‐Pereira Ana M. , Goydos James S. , Coups Elliot J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground/ObjectivesSkin cancer incidence has been increasing in U.S. Hispanics over several decades and the postdiagnosis outcomes are worse for Hispanics than for non‐Hispanic whites. Parents are influential in children's health preventive behaviors, but little is known about parental factors associated with children's skin cancer–related behaviors in the U.S. Hispanic population. The present study examined parental and child correlates of skin cancer–related behaviors (sunburns, sunbathing, sun‐protective clothing use, and sunscreen use) of children of Hispanic parents.MethodsThis survey study included a population‐based sample of 360 U.S. Hispanic parents (44.8% male) who had a child 14 years of age or younger. Measures included parental reports of parent and child demographic characteristics, parent skin cancer knowledge and linguistic acculturation, and parent and child skin cancer–related behaviors.ResultsApproximately 28% of children and 31.9% of parents experienced at least one sunburn in the past year and approximately 29% of children and 36.7% of parents were reported to sunbathe. Moderate use of sun‐protective clothing and sunscreen was reported for parents and their children. Child sun‐protective clothing use and sunscreen use, sunburns, and sunbathing were associated with the corresponding behaviors of their parents.ConclusionsFuture research should consider the role of acculturation and perceived risk in the sun protection behaviors of U.S. Hispanic children, particularly in those who report a fair skin type. Hispanic parents should be included in interventions targeting their children's skin cancer–related behaviors, and it is suggested that such interventions could also encourage parents to improve their own behaviors.
Are clear boundaries a prerequisite for well‐functioning collaboration in home health care? A mixed methods study
Authors: Beijer Ulla , Vingare Emme‐Li , Eriksson Hans G. , Umb Carlsson Õie 
Published: May 2017

AimThe aim of this study was to examine whether professional collaboration in home health care is associated with clear boundaries between principals′ areas of responsibility and the professions areas of responsibility, respectively.MethodsData were derived from a web‐based survey that was carried out in one county in the middle of Sweden during spring 2013. Participants were health professionals and managers from the county council and from all the municipalities in the county. Both structured and open‐ended questions were utilised. A total of 421 individuals (90% women) answered the structured questions, and 91 individuals (22% of the 421) answered the open‐ended questions. Quantitative data were analysed with descriptive statistics methods, tests of independence and of correlation strength. Qualitative data were analysed with content analysis.ResultsThe results from the structured questions showed that well‐functioning collaboration was associated with clear boundaries between principals in the county overall, and for respondents in two of three parts of the county. Association between clear boundaries between professions and well‐functioning collaboration was found in the county overall among the municipality population. However, in one part of the county, we did not find any correlations between well‐functioning collaboration and clear boundaries between professions or principals, with the exception of home help services. The analysis of the open questions gave similar results as the quantitative analysis, illustrated within three themes: The significance of concepts, trust and interdependence, and collaboration as a means for well‐being.ConclusionThe results indicate that, recently after an organisational change, clear boundaries between the principals′ areas of responsibility and professions' area of responsibility respectively are necessary for effective cooperation between professionals. If the organisation and professionals have previous positive experience of colocated activities, clear boundaries do not share the same importance.