bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resveratrol enhances brown adipocyte formation and function by activating AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 in mice fed high‐fat diet
Authors: Wang Songbo , Liang Xingwei , Yang Qiyuan , Fu Xing , Zhu Meijun , Rodgers B. D. , Jiang Qingyan , Dodson Michael V. , Du Min 
Published: November 2016

ScopeEnhancing the formation and function of brown adipose tissue (BAT) increases thermogenesis and hence reduces obesity. Thus, we investigate the effects of resveratrol (Resv) on brown adipocyte formation and function in mouse interscapular BAT (iBAT).Methods and resultsCD1 mice and stromal vascular cells (SVCs) isolated from iBAT were treated with Resv. Expression of brown adipogenic and thermogenic markers, and involvement of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK)α1 were assessed. In vivo, Resv‐enhanced expression of brown adipogenic markers, PR domain‐containing 16 (PRDM16) and thermogenic genes, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and cytochrome C in iBAT, along with smaller lipid droplets, elevated AMPKα activity and increased oxygen consumption. Meanwhile, Resv promoted expression of PRDM16, UCP1, PGC1α, cytochrome C and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in differentiated iBAT SVCs, suggesting that Resv enhanced brown adipocyte formation and function in vitro. In addition, Resv stimulated AMPKα and oxygen consumption in differentiated iBAT SVCs. However, the promotional effects of Resv were diminished by AMPK inhibition or AMPKα1 knockout, implying the involvement of AMPKα1 in this process.ConclusionResv enhanced brown adipocyte formation and thermogenic function in mouse iBAT by promoting the expression of brown adipogenic markers via activating AMPKα1, which contributed to the anti‐obesity effects of Resv.
Polyacrylamide gel as a culture substrate improves in vitro oocyte growth from porcine early antral follicles
Authors: Munakata Yasuhisa , Kawahara‐Miki Ryouka , Shirasuna Koumei , Kuwayama Takehito , Iwata Hisataka 
Published: November 2016

SUMMARYA major difference between in vivo and in vitro follicle culture is the stiffness of the substrate in which the follicles grow. In this study, we examined the effect of polyacrylamide gel (PAG), as a culture substrate, on the development of porcine oocytes derived from early antral follicles. Oocyte‐granulosa cell complexes (OGCs) were collected from the early antral follicles of gilts, and incubated individually for 14 days in a 96‐well culture plate without or with PAG. We then evaluated the number of granulosa cells present in OGCs as well as the abundance of ATP, lipid, and acetylated lysine in oocytes. OGCs cultured on PAG showed significantly greater antrum formation and granulosa cell proliferation than controls cultured on standard plastic. Oocytes grown on PAG also possessed significantly larger diameter, ATP and lipid content, and lysine acetylation, as well as competence to develop to the blastocyst stage. Transcriptome analysis of the granulosa cells revealed that genes involved in follicular development and mechanosensing are up‐regulated under PAG culturing conditions. Thus, in vitro culturing OGCs on PAG profoundly induced granulosa cell proliferation, resulting in improved developmental competence of the oocytes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 84: 44–54, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) is a marker of recurrence and promotes cell migration, invasion, and metastasis in early‐stage endometrioid endometrial cancer
Authors: Devis Laura , Moiola Cristian P , Masia Nuria , Martinez‐Garcia Elena , Santacana Maria , Stirbat Tomita Vasilica , Brochard‐Wyart Françoise , García Ángel , Alameda Francesc , Cabrera Silvia , Palacios Jose , Moreno‐Bueno Gema , Abal Miguel , Thomas William , Dufour Sylvie , Matias‐Guiu Xavier , Santamaria Anna , Reventos Jaume , Gil‐Moreno Antonio , Colas Eva 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEndometrial cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in western countries, being the most common subtype of endometrioid tumours. Most patients are diagnosed at an early stage and present an excellent prognosis. However, a number of those continue to suffer recurrence, without means of identification by risk classification systems. Thus, finding a reliable marker to predict recurrence becomes an important unmet clinical issue. ALCAM is a cell–cell adhesion molecule and member of the immunoglobulin superfamily that has been associated with the genesis of many cancers. Here, we first determined the value of ALCAM as a marker of recurrence in endometrioid endometrial cancer by conducting a retrospective multicentre study of 174 primary tumours. In early‐stage patients (N = 134), recurrence‐free survival was poorer in patients with ALCAM‐positive compared to ALCAM‐negative tumours (HR 4.237; 95% CI 1.01–17.76). This difference was more significant in patients with early‐stage moderately–poorly differentiated tumours (HR 9.259; 95% CI 2.12–53.47). In multivariate analysis, ALCAM positivity was an independent prognostic factor in early‐stage disease (HR 6.027; 95% CI 1.41–25.74). Then we demonstrated in vitro a role for ALCAM in cell migration and invasion by using a loss‐of‐function model in two endometrial cancer cell lines. ALCAM depletion resulted in a reduced primary tumour size and reduced metastatic local spread in an orthotopic murine model. Gene expression analysis of ALCAM‐depleted cell lines pointed to motility, invasiveness, cellular assembly, and organization as the most deregulated functions. Finally, we assessed some of the downstream effector genes that are involved in ALCAM‐mediated cell migration; specifically FLNB, TXNRD1, and LAMC2 were validated at the mRNA and protein level. In conclusion, our results highlight the potential of ALCAM as a recurrent biomarker in early‐stage endometrioid endometrial cancer and point to ALCAM as an important molecule in endometrial cancer dissemination by regulating cell migration, invasion, and metastasis. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability of domain 4 of the anthrax toxin protective antigen and the effect of the VWA domain of CMG2 on stability
Authors: Mamillapalli Sireesha , Miyagi Masaru , Bann James G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe major immunogenic component of the current anthrax vaccine, anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) is protective antigen (PA). We have shown recently that the thermodynamic stability of PA can be significantly improved by binding to the Von‐Willebrand factor A (VWA) domain of capillary morphogenesis protein 2 (CMG2), and improvements in thermodynamic stability may improve storage and long‐term stability of PA for use as a vaccine. In order to understand the origin of this increase in stability, we have isolated the receptor binding domain of PA, domain 4 (D4), and have studied the effect of the addition of CMG2 on thermodynamic stability. We are able to determine a binding affinity between D4 and CMG2 (∼300 nM), which is significantly weaker than that between full‐length PA and CMG2 (170–300 pM). Unlike full‐length PA, we observe very little change in stability of D4 on binding to CMG2, using either fluorescence or 19F‐NMR experiments. Because in previous experiments we could observe a stabilization of both domain 4 and domain 2, the mechanism of stabilization of PA by CMG2 is likely to involve a mutual stabilization of these two domains.
Engaging Struggling Adolescent Readers to Improve Reading Skills
Authors: Kim James S. , Hemphill Lowry , Troyer Margaret , Thomson Jenny M. , Jones Stephanie M. , LaRusso Maria D. , Donovan Suzanne 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study examined the efficacy of a supplemental, multicomponent adolescent reading intervention for middle school students who scored below proficient on a state literacy assessment. Using a within‐school experimental design, the authors randomly assigned 483 students in grades 6–8 to a business‐as‐usual control condition or to the Strategic Adolescent Reading Intervention (STARI), a supplemental reading program involving instruction to support word‐reading skills, fluency, vocabulary, and comprehension, and peer talk to promote reading engagement and comprehension. The authors assessed behavioral engagement by measuring how much of the STARI curricular activities students completed during an academic school year, and collected intervention teachers' ratings of their students' reading engagement. STARI students outperformed control students on measures of word recognition (Cohen's d = 0.20), efficiency of basic reading comprehension (Cohen's d = 0.21), and morphological awareness (Cohen's d = 0.18). Reading engagement in its behavioral form, as measured by students' participation and involvement in the STARI curriculum, mediated the treatment effects on each of these three posttest outcomes. Intervention teachers' ratings of their students' emotional and cognitive engagement explained unique variance on reading posttests. Findings from this study support the hypothesis that (a) behavioral engagement fosters struggling adolescents' reading growth, and (b) teachers' perceptions of their students' emotional and cognitive engagement further contribute to reading competence.
Shared Book Reading and English Learners’ Narrative Production and Comprehension
Authors: Gámez Perla B. , González Dahlia , Urbin LaNette M. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study examined the relation between exposure to shared book reading and Spanish‐speaking English learners’ (ELs’; n = 102) narrative production and comprehension skills in kindergarten (mean age = 6.12 years). Audio‐ and videotaped book‐reading sessions in Spanish were coded in terms of teachers’ extratextual talk and gestures. Using a silent cartoon as a prompt, ELs’ fall and spring story retellings in Spanish were transcribed, coded, and compared on micro‐ (e.g., word tokens) and macrostructure skills (story structure); story comprehension was assessed using multiple‐choice questions. Results revealed that teachers’ extratextual talk predicted ELs’ narrative production (story structure) gains in the spring. Narrative comprehension gains were positively associated with teachers’ gestures. Findings suggest a nonuniform influence of shared book reading on ELs’ narrative skills, such that different features of the shared book‐reading experience target specific skills.
Membranbälge für die Vakuumindustrie in verschiedenen Sauberkeitsstufen
Authors: Wellner Marc 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDie immer anspruchsvolleren Sauberkeitsspezifikationen der Vakuumindustrie, speziell der Halbleiterfertigung, sind eine grosse Herausforderung für die Herstell‐ und Reinigungsprozesse von Lieferanten in diesem Marksegment. Auch die COMVAT AG als Hersteller von geschweissten Membranbälgen, die in der Vakuumindustrie u.a. als flexible Dichtelemente eingesetzt werden, stellt sich den erhöhten Anforderungen seiner Kunden. Dazu wurde die gesamte Prozesskette vom Design des Produktes über die Herstellung und Endreinigung bis hin zur Inspektion und Verpackung in Reinräumen bis zur ISO‐Klasse 5 nach EN ISO 14644‐1 optimiert. Die Einrichtung von drei Sauberkeitsstufen „Standard”︁, „Advanced”︁ und „High‐Purity”︁ ermöglicht es den Kunden die jeweils für sie passende Reinheit zu liefern. Dabei wurden die Kundenspezifikation bzgl. der Kontaminationsklassen Organik, Anorganik (Metalle und Ionen) und Partikel beachtet. Die höchste Sauberkeitsstufe, der High‐Purity‐Level, wird durch eine hochwertige Ultraschall‐Nassreinigung erreicht, die eigens für das Reinigen von geschweissten Membranbälgen optimiert wurde.
Vakuummikro‐ und Vakuumnanoelektronik mit Feldemission
Authors: Knapp Wolfram 
Published: November 2016

AbstractEine weitere Miniaturisierung in der Vakuumelektronik wird nur möglich mit Feldemitter‐Kathoden. Jedoch dominiert in Abstandsbereichen < 10 μm die Elektronenfeldemission zunehmend das Spannungs‐Durchschlagsverhalten im Vakuum, was vom etablierten Paschen‐Gesetz abweicht. Zuerst kommt es zu einer deutlichen Absenkung der Durchschlagsspannung. Das große Oberflächen‐Volumen‐Verhältnis bei Abständen < 3 μm bewirkt im Zusammenhang mit Gasdesorption, Ausgasung und Gasionisierung bei Elektronenfeldemission die Zündung und Stabilisierung von Mikroplasmen (Glimmentladungen) oder/und Mikrolichtbögen, welche dann weitestgehend unabhängig vom umgebenden Vakuum‐, Atmosphären‐ oder Überdruck existieren. Für diesen Bereich ist das Paschen‐Gesetz nicht mehr anwendbar. Das ist ein interessanter Ansatz, der neue Möglichkeiten für die Grundlagenforschung, für die elektronenfeldemissions‐stabilisierten Mikroplasmen und für neuartige Feldemitter‐Anwendungen in der Vakuumelektronik und Plasmatechnik eröffnet.
Home Return After Surgery in Patients Aged over 85 Years is Associated with Preoperative Albumin Levels, the Type of Surgery, and APACHE II Score
Authors: Lee Bora , Na Sungwon , Park Miran , Ham Sungyeon , Kim Jeongmin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundOwing to an aging society, both the number of operations for patients aged >85 years and the average age of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) are rapidly increasing. However, mortality is not an appropriate outcome measurement in patients aged >85 years; a more important outcome is home return (HR), because quality of life is valuable to these patients. We identified predictors for HR of patients aged >85 years admitted to the ICU after surgery.MethodsRetrospective analysis of medical records was conducted at a university hospital. Patients aged > 85 years, admitted to the ICU after surgery from March 2006 to June 2015 (n = 187), were divided into a HR group (patients who returned home after discharge) and non‐HR group (deceased or transferred to nursing facilities). Perioperative data and outcome were assessed and compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors.ResultsThe average age of patients was 88 years. HR occurred in 61% of patients, and mortality was 9%. The HR group had higher preoperative albumin level than did the non‐HR group. More patients in the non‐HR group experienced hip surgery than in the HR group (51 vs. 12%, P < 0.001). APACHE II score was higher (P < 0.001) in the non‐HR group. In multivariate analysis, preoperative albumin, hip surgery, and APACHE II score were independent predictors of HR.ConclusionPredictors of HR of surgical critically ill elderly patients included preoperative albumin level, hip surgery, and APACHE II score on ICU admission.
Decreased proteinase A excretion by strengthening its vacuolar sorting and weakening its constitutive secretion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chen Yefu , Song Lulu , Han Yueran , Liu Mingming , Gong Rui , Luo Weiwei , Guo Xuewu , Xiao Dongguang 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Proteinase A (PrA), encoded by PEP4 gene, is detrimental to beer foam stability. There are two transport pathways for the new synthesized PrA in yeast, sorting to the vacuole normally, or excreting out of the cells under stress conditions. They were designated as the Golgi-to-vacuole pathway and the constitutive secretory pathway, respectively. To reduce PrA excretion in some new way instead of its coding gene deletion, which had a negative effect on cell metabolism and beer fermentation, we modified the PrA transport based on these above two pathways. In the Golgi-to-vacuole pathway, after the verification that Vps10p is the dominant sorting receptor for PrA Golgi-to-vacuolar transportation by VPS10 deletion, VPS10 was then overexpressed. Furthermore, SEC5, encoding exocyst complexes’ central subunit (Sec5p) in the constitutive secretory pathway, was deleted. The results show that PrA activity in the broth fermented with WGV10 (VPS10 overexpressing strain) and W∆SEC5 (SEC5 deletion strain) was lowered by 76.96 and 32.39%, compared with the parental strain W303-1A, at the end of main fermentation. There are negligible changes in fermentation performance between W∆SEC5 and W303-1A, whereas, surprisingly, WGV10 had a significantly improved fermentation performance compared with W303-1A. WGV10 has an increased growth rate, resulting in higher biomass and faster fermentation speed; finally, wort fermentation is performed thoroughly. The results show that the biomass production of WGV10 is always higher than that of W∆SEC5 and W303-1A at all stages of fermentation, and that ethanol production of WGV10 is 1.41-fold higher than that of W303-1A. Obviously, VPS10 overexpression is beneficial for yeast and is a more promising method for reduction of PrA excretion.
Growth and wax ester production of an Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 mutant deficient in exopolysaccharide capsule synthesis
Authors: Kannisto Matti , Efimova Elena , Karp Matti , Santala Ville 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 naturally produces wax esters that could be used as a raw material in industrial applications. We attempted to improve wax ester yield of A. baylyi ADP1 by removing rmlA, a gene involved in exopolysaccharide production. Growth rate, biomass formation and wax ester yield on 4-hydroxybenzoate were not affected, but the rmlA− strain grew slower on acetate, while reaching similar biomass and wax ester yield. The rmlA− cells had malformed shape and large size and grew poorly on glucose without expression of the gene for pyruvate kinase (pykF) from Escherichia coli. The pykF-expressing rmlA− strain had similar growth rate, lowered biomass formation and improved wax ester production on glucose as compared to the wild-type strain expressing pykF. Cultivation of the pykF-expressing rmlA− strain on an elevated glucose concentration in a medium supplemented with amino acids resulted in doubled molar wax ester yield and acetate production.
Artificial intelligence: Neural network model as the multidisciplinary team member in clinical decision support to avoid medical mistakes
Authors: Buzaev Igor Vyacheslavovich , Plechev Vladimir Vyacheslavovich , Nikolaeva Irina Evgenievna , Galimova Rezida Maratovna 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe continuous uninterrupted feedback system is the essential part of any well‐organized system. We propose aLYNX concept that is a possibility to use an artificial intelligence algorithm or a neural network model in decision‐making system so as to avoid possible mistakes and to remind the doctors to review tactics once more in selected cases.MethodaLYNX system includes: registry with significant factors, decisions and results; machine learning process based on this registry data; the use of the machine learning results as the adviser. We show a possibility to build a computer adviser with a neural network model for making a choice between coronary aortic bypass surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in order to achieve a higher 5‐year survival rate in patients with angina based on the experience of 5107 patients.ResultsThe neural network was trained by 4679 patients who achieved 5‐year survival. Among them, 2390 patients underwent PCI and 2289 CABG. After training, the correlation coefficient (r) of the network was 0.74 for training, 0.67 for validation, 0.71 for test and 0.73 for total. Simulation of the neural network function has been performed after training in the two groups of patients with known 5‐year outcome. The disagreement rate was significantly higher in the dead patient group than that in the survivor group between neural network model and heart team [16.8% (787/4679) vs. 20.3% (87/428), P = 0.065)].ConclusionThe study shows the possibility to build a computer adviser with a neural network model for making a choice between CABG and PCI in order to achieve a higher 5‐year survival rate in patients with angina.
Load Detection of Functionally Graded Material Based on Coherent Gradient Sensing Method
Authors: Zhang J. , Xu W. , Yao X. F. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractFunctionally graded material (FGM) has some particular characteristics due to the gradual variation of physical properties. The study on mechanical behavior of FGM is of great research value. In this work, a large scale FGM which filled with small glass spheres has been prepared by gravity assisted casting technique. The elastic material constants in static condition are measured. One optical experimental method, coherent gradient sensing (CGS), is introduced to study the mechanical behavior of FGM which has variation of material property in power-law. The governing equations of CGS which is used to represent the optics-mechanics relation of the singular field near the point of the outside force are derived based on the power-law asymptotic expansion. The experimental result shows this CGS method as a nondestructive methodology can be used to detect the damage in FGM with high accuracy.
Depauperate fusulinid faunas of the Tengchong Block in western Yunnan, China, and their paleogeographic and paleoenvironmental indications
Authors: Shi Yukun , Huang Hao , Jin Xiaochi 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNew samples of fusulinids collected in the Tengchong Block, western Yunnan, China, are systematically studied and presented here. The fusulinid fauna from the Xishancun section in the Shanmutang area is dominated byChusenellaandNankinella, whereas that from the Shuangheyan area is composed mainly ofChusenellaandSchwagerina. Both faunas are dated as Roadian–Capitanian (middle Permian). These new findings are integrated with fusulinid taxa reported earlier from the block to demonstrate the taxonomic features and paleogeographic significance of Permian fusulinids. The low generic diversity through early and middle Permian and the paucity of middle Permian neoschwagerinids and verbeekinids in the block confirm its Gondwana-affinity attributes. Moreover, the Permian fusulinids of the Tengchong Block are depauperate; i.e., consisting of a limited number of species with abundant individuals. This particular feature commonly suggests an inhospitable environment, and carbonates of varied facies containing these faunas in the Tengchong Block suggest a facies-independent factor as the reason, most likely the relatively low temperature of seawater.
The Seller's Liability for the Non-Conformity of Goods in a Contract of Sale under the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law: A Critical Analysis
Authors: Djieufack Roland 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis article assesses the seller's duty of conformity in a contract of sale under the OHADA Uniform Act on General Commercial Law. It posits that conformity is not an independent legal concept and so argues that a thorough assessment cannot be made without recognizing and taking into consideration a number of issues, irrespective of the contractual stipulations agreed by the contracting parties. Arguably, the notion of conformity falls within the meaning of the subjective understanding of a “defect”. This can raise confusion and uncertainty in determining the seller's liability for non-conforming goods. Thus, from a cursory reading of the Uniform Act, the question of the seller's duty regarding the conformity of goods can conveniently be addressed from a number of different angles: the nature of the defect; local and international standards; contract law; and the principles of caveat venditor and caveat emptor. Adopting an in-depth content analysis and critical evaluation of primary and secondary data, the article concludes that a balance should be struck between these variables and, where no guidance is given in article 255 of the Uniform Act, the prevailing norm in member states should form the basis for determining the concept of conformity of goods.