bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Publication rate of General Surgery abstracts presented at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Annual Scientific Congress
Authors: Khajehnoori Masoomeh , Stupart Douglas , Watters David 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundA commonly used metric for evaluating the quality and impact of presentations at a scientific meeting is the frequency with which the findings presented are published as full research papers in peer‐reviewed journals. The purpose of this study was to determine the full article publication rates of abstract presentations for General Surgery and related sub‐specialities at the Royal Australasian College of Surgeons Annual Scientific Congress (RACS ASC) from 2010 to 2014.MethodsAll General Surgical (including its sub‐speciality groups) abstracts presented at the RACS ASC from 2010 to 2014 were identified from the ANZ Journal of Surgery. We determined the rates of full paper publication, time to publication, journals of publication and specialty rates of conversion. Full article publications were identified using the PubMed, MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases.ResultsA total of 1386 abstracts were identified, of which 356 (26%) were converted to full paper publications. The number of abstracts presented annually increased from 206 in 2010 to 386 in 2014, but the percentage of abstracts converted to full paper publications did not follow any temporal trend. The majority (74%) of full papers were published within 2 years of the abstract presentation.ConclusionIn total, 26% of General Surgery abstracts presented at the RACS ASC from 2010 to 2014 were converted to full paper publications. This could provide a baseline against which to judge the quality of presentations at other national General Surgical congresses, as well as at future RACS ASC meetings.
Extravasation injury in a paediatric population
Authors: Murphy Adrian D. , Gilmour Robert F. , Coombs Chris J. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundExtravasation occurs when a drug is inadvertently administered outside of the vein. Depending on the substance involved, this may lead to tissue necrosis with significant long‐term morbidity. Children, particularly neonates, are particularly susceptible to extravasation with up to 70% of children in neonatal intensive care unit having some form of extravasation injury. These injuries are commonly referred to plastic surgeons for ongoing management.MethodsWe prospectively collected information on all extravasation injuries referred to the plastic surgery department in a children's hospital over an 18‐month period. Data collected included the agent involved in the extravasation, treatment and outcomes.ResultsIn total, there were 43 extravasation injuries recorded on the hospital risk management system during the period of this study. All of these were referred to the plastic surgery team for ongoing management. Five patients (11%) underwent washout of their injuries. Three patients (7%) suffered injuries, which led to significant tissue necrosis, delayed healing and prolonged morbidity.ConclusionSmaller infants, particularly those being cared for in an intensive care setting, are at increased risk for extravasation injury. Early referral and treatment of high‐risk extravasation injuries may reduce the incidence of tissue loss and morbidity.
Video‐assisted thoracic surgery and jejunal reconstruction in a case of situs inversus totalis with esophageal cancer
Authors: Hosoda Kei , Yamashita Keishi , Moriya Hiromitsu , Nemoto Mitsuru , Mieno Hiroaki , Ema Akira , Washio Marie , Watanabe Masahiko 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA 78‐year‐old man with situs inversus totalis who had a previous history of distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer was referred to our hospital for treatment of esophageal cancer. He was diagnosed as cT2N0M0 and underwent video‐assisted thoracic surgery and open completion gastrectomy with jejunal reconstruction via the ante‐thoracic route. The postoperative period was uneventful except for transient palsy of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. Based on a preoperative assessment of anatomical abnormality and an intraoperative adaptation to the mirror image of the standard procedure, video‐assisted esophagectomy was considered safe and feasible. It can be recommended for patients with esophageal cancer complicated by situs inversus totalis. This is the first case report of a patient with situs inversus totalis who underwent video‐assisted esophagectomy with jejunal reconstruction. Relevant literature is also discussed and reviewed.
Outcomes for Patients with apparent Chronic Idiopathic Pelvic Pain and associated Pelvic Floor Disorders undergoing Laparoscopic Ventral Mesh Rectopexy
Authors: Newman A , Greenslade G L , McCarthy K , Dixon A R 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article has been temporarily withdrawn, with the agreement of all authors and the journal editor, whilst an investigated is being carried out by the North Bristol NHS Trust and the General Medical Council following some concerns raised.
Evidence from nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the processes of soil organic carbon accumulation under long‐term fertilizer management
Authors: Xu J. S. , Zhao B. Z. , Chu W. Y. , Mao J. D. , Olk D. C. , Zhang J. B. , Wei W. X. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryLong‐term application of fertilizers has a considerable effect on the accumulation of soil organic carbon (SOC), but the underlying processes remain unclear. We have examined the effects in the soil of two long‐term (> 20 years) field experiments of a double‐cropped maize (Zea maysL.)–wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) rotation on aCalcaricFluvisol and paddy rice (Oryza sativaL) on aHydragricAnthrosol. The chemical structures of theSOCwere characterized with multiple cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning13Cnuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The treatments included organic fertilizer (OF) only, combinedNPK(nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) fertilizer withOF(NPKOF), mineral fertilizer pairings ofNPK,NPandNK, and an unamended control. The continuous fertilizer treatments did not change the chemical composition of theAnthrosolSOCgreatly except that theNPKOFtreatment slightly enriched aromaticCand depletedO–alkylCcompared with theControl. All the treatments on theAnthrosol soil resulted inSOCaccumulation, but to different extents. Principal component analysis of theAnthrosol andFluvisol showed different relationships between the soil properties and functional groups. TheFluvisolSOCdecreased in the order balanced fertilizer treatments (OF,NPKOFandNPK),NP, Control andNKtreatments. The main structural changes of theFluvisolSOCfollowed the same order with a decrease in the abundance of aromaticCO, aromaticC, anomericC,O–alkylCandOCH3/NCH, and an increase inCOO/NCOand alkylC, which led to an increase in alkyl–C/O–alkyl–Cratios and a decrease in aromaticity values. These results suggest thatSOCaccumulation with balanced fertilization on theFluvisol can be attributed to less decomposition and more humification of the organic materials, whereas the smallestSOCcontent associated withPomission can be ascribed to more complete decomposition to gaseous end products. We consider that the chemical compositions ofSOCmay be altered by long‐term fertilizer treatments, depending on the soil type.HighlightsHow does soil organic carbon (SOC) change in response to long‐term fertilizer management?Improved understanding ofSOCaccumulation inFluvisol andAnthrosol agricultural soils.Phosphorus omission in theFluvisol retarded the accumulation and stimulated the decomposition ofSOC.Fertilizer treatments affected chemical composition ofSOCof theFluvisol, but not theAnthrosol.
The role of ecology, neutral processes and antagonistic coevolution in an apparent sexual arms race
Authors: Perry Jennifer C. , Garroway Colin J. , Rowe Locke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSome of the strongest examples of a sexual ‘arms race’ come from observations of correlated evolution in sexually antagonistic traits among populations. However, it remains unclear whether these cases truly represent sexually antagonistic coevolution; alternatively, ecological or neutral processes might also drive correlated evolution. To investigate these alternatives, we evaluated the contributions of intersex genetic correlations, ecological context, neutral genetic divergence and sexual coevolution in the correlated evolution of antagonistic traits among populations of Gerris incognitus water striders. We could not detect intersex genetic correlations for these sexually antagonistic traits. Ecological variation was related to population variation in the key female antagonistic trait (spine length, a defence against males), as well as body size. Nevertheless, population covariation between sexually antagonistic traits remained substantial and significant even after accounting for all of these processes. Our results therefore provide strong evidence for a contemporary sexual arms race.
Epilepsy: Transition from pediatric to adult care. Recommendations of the Ontario epilepsy implementation task force
Authors: Andrade Danielle M. , Bassett Anne S. , Bercovici Eduard , Borlot Felippe , Bui Esther , Camfield Peter , Clozza Guida Quaglia , Cohen Eyal , Gofine Timothy , Graves Lisa , Greenaway Jon , Guttman Beverly , Guttman‐Slater Maya , Hassan Ayman , Henze Megan , Kaufman Miriam , Lawless Bernard , Lee Hannah , Lindzon Lezlee , Lomax Lysa Boissé , McAndrews Mary Pat , Menna‐Dack Dolly , Minassian Berge A. , Mulligan Janice , Nabbout Rima , Nejm Tracy , Secco Mary , Sellers Laurene , Shapiro Michelle , Slegr Marie , Smith Rosie , Szatmari Peter , Tao Leeping , Vogt Anastasia , Whiting Sharon , Carter Snead O. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe transition from a pediatric to adult health care system is challenging for many youths with epilepsy and their families. Recently, the Ministry of Health and Long‐Term Care of the Province of Ontario, Canada, created a transition working group (TWG) to develop recommendations for the transition process for patients with epilepsy in the Province of Ontario. Herein we present an executive summary of this work. The TWG was composed of a multidisciplinary group of pediatric and adult epileptologists, psychiatrists, and family doctors from academia and from the community; neurologists from the community; nurses and social workers from pediatric and adult epilepsy programs; adolescent medicine physician specialists; a team of physicians, nurses, and social workers dedicated to patients with complex care needs; a lawyer; an occupational therapist; representatives from community epilepsy agencies; patients with epilepsy; parents of patients with epilepsy and severe intellectual disability; and project managers. Three main areas were addressed: (1) Diagnosis and Management of Seizures; 2) Mental Health and Psychosocial Needs; and 3) Financial, Community, and Legal Supports. Although there are no systematic studies on the outcomes of transition programs, the impressions of the TWG are as follows. Teenagers at risk of poor transition should be identified early. The care coordination between pediatric and adult neurologists and other specialists should begin before the actual transfer. The transition period is the ideal time to rethink the diagnosis and repeat diagnostic testing where indicated (particularly genetic testing, which now can uncover more etiologies than when patients were initially evaluated many years ago). Some screening tests should be repeated after the move to the adult system. The seven steps proposed herein may facilitate transition, thereby promoting uninterrupted and adequate care for youth with epilepsy leaving the pediatric system.
Prevalence and outcome of late‐onset seizures due to autoimmune etiology: A prospective observational population‐based cohort study
Authors: von Podewils Felix , Suesse Marie , Geithner Julia , Gaida Bernadette , Wang Zhong I. , Lange Julia , Dressel Alexander , Grothe Matthias , Kessler Christof , Langner Soenke , Runge Uwe , Bien Christian G. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe increasing incidence of new‐onset seizures with age is well known. Often, the etiology cannot be clarified. In the present study, patients with unprovoked late‐onset seizures and without known neoplasm, who might have had paraneoplastic encephalitis, were investigated for a potentially underlying autoimmunity.MethodsSixty‐six consecutive patients (36 women; aged ≥55 years) after having at least one seizure or seizures for ≤6 months were prospectively identified over a period of 4.75 years. All patients were tested for serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) antibodies (Abs) to both neural cell‐surface and intracellular antigens. Forty‐five (68%) underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Follow‐up in Ab‐positive cases was ≥6 months.ResultsTwo patients had high titers of anti‐CASPR2 (contactin‐associated protein‐like 2) Abs in serum and CSF and fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of definite limbic encephalitis. Another two patients had bilateral encephalitic temporal MRI abnormalities. They also satisfied the criteria of definite limbic encephalitis, even though they had no Abs in serum or CSF. All four were in the age range of 55–70 years. They received immunotherapy and/or antiepileptic drug treatment and became seizure‐free.SignificanceOur findings suggest that autoimmunity should be considered an important etiology in patients with late‐onset seizures. Testing for neural antibodies and brain MRI may be worthwhile in this patient group.
Consistent valuation of project finance and LBOs using the flows‐to‐equity method
Authors: Cooper Ian A. , Nyborg Kjell G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe flows‐to‐equity method is used to value transactions where debt amortizes according to a fixed schedule, requiring a formula that links the changing leverage with a time‐varying equity discount rate. We show that extant formulas yield incorrect valuations because they are inconsistent with the basic assumptions of this method. The error from using the wrong formula can be large, especially at currently low interest rates. We derive a formula that captures the effects of a fixed debt plan, potentially expensive debt, and costs of financial distress. We resolve an important issue about what to use as the cost of debt.
Dual boundary element method and finite element method for mixed‐mode crack propagation simulations in a cracked hollow shaft
Authors: Citarella R. , Giannella V. , Lepore M. , Dhondt G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThree‐dimensional mixed‐mode crack propagation simulations were performed by means of the dual boundary element method code BEASY and 2 finite element method‐based crack propagation codes: ZENCRACK (ZC) and CRACKTRACER3D (CT3D). The stress intensity factors (SIFs) along the front of an initial semielliptical crack, initiated from the external surface of a shaft, were calculated for 4 different load cases: bending, press fit, shear, and torsion. The methods used for the SIF assessment along the crack front were the J‐integral for BEASY and ZC and the quarter point element stress method for CT3D. Subsequently, crack propagation simulations were performed, with the crack growth rate evaluated by using Paris' law, calibrated for the material at stake (American Society for Testing and Materials A469 steel). The kink angles were evaluated by using the minimum strain energy density and maximum tangential stress criteria for BEASY, the maximum energy release rate and maximum tangential stress for ZC, and the maximum principal asymptotic stress for CT3D. The results obtained in terms of SIFs and crack propagation life show very good agreement among the 3 codes. Also, the shape of the propagated crack, which is significantly out‐of‐plane for the shear and torsion loading, matched very well.
Ecological eustress? Nutrient supply, bloom stimulation and competition determine dominance of the diatom Didymosphenia geminata
Authors: Bray Jonathan , Kilroy Cathy , Gerbeaux Philippe , Harding Jon S. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Nuisance proliferations of the invasive benthic alga Didymosphenia geminata (Bacillariophyceae) are of major concern in many temperate regions due to their severe effects on river habitats and communities. Proliferations result from the production of basal stalk material, stimulated by phosphorus limited, high light conditions. An unresolved disconnect occurs where nitrogen and phosphorus are observed to stimulate D. geminata cell division, but, within a realised niche, disappearance or establishment failure occurs where dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) concentrations occur above c. 2–5 μg/L.

Our aims were to examine the mechanisms behind D. geminata bloom stimulation and absence/disappearance. We examined: (1a) whether prolonged nitrogen (NaNO3 – N) and phosphorus (NaH2PO4 – P) addition would stimulate cell division, and (1b) whether subsequent nutrient limitation stimulated stalk production; (2) whether the mechanism behind D. geminata absence at >5 μg/L DRP, occurred either as (2a) a deleterious consequence of prolonged N + P exposure or (2b) was associated with increasing densities of co‐occurring algae; and (3) whether water velocity stimulated D. geminata cell division thereby influencing outcomes.

Didymosphenia geminata cell densities, frequencies of dividing cells, stalk production and densities of competing algae were examined in flow‐through channel mesocosms over 8 weeks. Treatments included: Waitaki River water (control); N + P amended water; and two treatments in which nutrient amendments were changed over time, these being N + P to N, and N + P to Waitaki water.

Continued N + P amendment was positively correlated with D. geminata cell densities. N‐replete P‐limited channels, however, accrued greatest densities of D. geminata cells, stalk fragments and dividing cells. Results suggest that within a realised niche short term N + P amendment followed by chronic P limitation could either hasten and/or worsen bloom development.

Water velocity influenced community successional trajectories and D. geminata fitness outcomes. Across all nutrient and velocity treatments, a decline in D. geminata cell densities and cell division was correlated with increasing densities of competing algae.

Phosphorus limitation stimulating stalk production appears to be an example of physiological stress resulting in increased fitness (known as eustress) and D. geminata dominance. This contrasts with a general pattern of competitive exclusion as nutrient concentrations increase.
Evolutionary divergence in freshwater insects with contrasting dispersal capacity across a sea of desert
Authors: Razeng Emma , Smith Amy E. , Harrisson Katherine A. , Pavlova Alexandra , Nguyen Thuy , Pinder Adrian , Suter Phil , Webb Jeff , Gardner Michael G. , Brim Box Jayne , Thompson Ross , Davis Jenny , Sunnucks Paul 
Published: July 2017

Summary

Arid landscapes pose arguably one of the greatest challenges to dispersal of aquatic insects, and may drive speciation in taxa with low dispersal potential. We investigated genetic divergence in aquatic insects with high and low dispersal potential between two regions within the Australian arid zone. We used two dragonfly species to infer patterns for strong‐dispersing species, and mayfly species from two genera to represent weak‐dispersing species. Based on dispersal‐related traits of the taxa, we predicted that dragonflies would show little divergence between and within the two geographical regions, while mayflies would show evidence of genetic isolation, with divergence timing associated with aridification in Australia.

Samples were collected from perennial pools in ephemeral stream networks in central and western Australia. The two study regions are separated by approximately 1,500 km of predominantly dune desert. Collected insects were sequenced for one mitochondrial and one nuclear marker. We investigated spatial distribution of haplotypes, estimated divergence dates for identified mayfly lineages, and performed phylogenetic reconstruction to investigate relationships with known congeners.

Both dragonfly species showed evidence of recent or ongoing gene flow between the central and western Australian study regions. In contrast, mayflies showed evidence of ancient, but not recent, gene flow between regions, with species‐level CO1 divergence within regions. We found 11 previously unknown putative mayfly species, that if confirmed could double the known diversity within these genera in Australia. Timing of divergence events for mayflies coincided with the development of the Australian arid zone, and phylogenetic relationships are similar to divergence patterns found in other Australian arid taxa.

The findings of this study suggest that aridification is more likely to be a driver of diversification in taxa with low dispersal potential than in those with high dispersal potential. This is because effective aerial dispersal is integral for maintaining gene flow when aquatic connections are lost between distant populations, and reduced gene flow can promote genetic divergence.
Depth distribution of the native freshwater mussel (Echyridella menziesii) in warm monomictic lakes: Towards a general model for mussels in lakes
Authors: Cyr Hélène , Phillips Ngaire , Butterworth Joseph 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Freshwater mussels are large, long‐lived and can be important contributors to benthic biomass and processes. They are currently one of the most endangered groups of organisms and it is urgent to develop tools to predict their distribution and the potential effect of their decline or disappearance on these ecosystems. Cyr () showed that the distribution of Elliptio complanata (Unionidae) in Canadian Shield lakes is constrained by physical forces. Here we test Cyr's model in a very different group of mussels (Hyriidae), in different types of lakes (warm monomictic lakes) that cover a wider range of sizes and morphologies.

We use data on the depth distribution of Echyridella menziesii along 38 depth transects in 11 warm monomictic lakes located in New Zealand to test three hypotheses: (1) wave‐mixed depth and bottom slope are good predictors of the depth of maximum mussel density, (2) thermocline depth does not limit the distribution of mussels in warm monomictic lakes, and (3) the lower boundary of mussel distribution is determined by the mud deposition boundary.

Mussels in New Zealand lakes reach their maximum density within the epilimnion, at increasing depths with increasing lake size and increasing site exposure. The only exceptions were found in large lakes or parts of large lakes with shallow bathymetric slopes, where high mussel densities were found in relatively shallow waters. Mussel density peaks are found much deeper in the volcanic New Zealand lakes than in (glacial) Canadian Shield lakes, a discrepancy we hypothesise could be due to lower sediment stability along the steep slopes of volcanic lakes.

Mussels appear to have a very broad range of depth distribution in these warm monomictic lakes. The deepest samples collected in deep oligotrophic lakes (down to 12–30 m) all contained mussels, often in substantial numbers (up to 2–186 mussels/m2), and can only offer a minimal estimate of the lower boundary of their distribution. However, the distribution of mussels in highly productive lakes is limited by hypolimnetic anoxia, and therefore by position of the thermocline.

Echyridella menziesii are found in a wide range of substrates. Mussels were found below the mud deposition boundary in many lakes, suggesting that the presence of fine flocculent organic sediments does not prevent them from living in deep areas.

The distribution of E. menziesii in warm monomictic lakes appears to be governed by relatively simple physical processes. This supports findings for a very different group of mussels in Canadian Shield lakes and suggests that general models could be developed to predict the distribution of mussels in lakes.