bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Placement of Plantar Plates for Lapidus Arthrodesis
Authors: Plaass Christian , Claassen Leif , Daniilidis Kiriakos , Fumy Mariesol , Stukenborg-Colsman Christina , Schmiedl Andreas , Ettinger Sarah 
Published: December 2015

Background: The modified Lapidus procedure is an accepted treatment option for patients with moderate to severe hallux valgus. Placing a plate plantar on the tension side of the arthrodesis has been shown to be biomechanically superior and has provided good clinical results. There is some concern about interference of the plantar placed plates on the tendon insertions. The purpose of this study was to determine a “safe zone” for plantar plate placement without irritation of the tendons. Methods: Twenty-nine embalmed right feet were used for this study. The anatomy of the insertion of the peroneus longus (PL) tendon and tibialis anterior (TA) tendon on the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal were analyzed. Six different plate designs for plantar plating of the first tarsometatarsal fusion were included. The fit to the bone and contact to tendon insertion were analyzed. Results: The PL showed a main insertion to the first metatarsal and a lesser insertion to the medial cuneiform. The TA inserted onto the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal in all cases in our series. There was a “safe zone” between the TA and PL insertion areas for plate placement. Straight, Y- and U-shaped plates could be placed without compromising the tendon insertion. Depending on the design, even preshaped plates may have to be bent to allow a good fit to the plantar side of the first tarsometatarsal joint. Conclusion: Plantar plating for modified Lapidus arthrodesis can be safely performed, without damaging the plantar tendon insertion area of the PL and TA. Clinical Relevance: The exact knowledge of the anatomy of the plantar region of the tarsometatarsal joint can help to improve plate placement.
The Effects of Mean CSS Response Time and Task Type on Operator Performance in an Interactive Computer System
Authors: Williams J. D. , Swenson J. S. , Hegarty J. A. , Tullis T. S. 
Published: December 2015

Mean Computer Subsystem (CSS) response times and task type were studied to determine their effect on operator performance in an interactive computer system. The mean CSS response times were categorized into four groups; “zero” seconds, “low” (4.0 to 7.9 sec.), “medium” (16.8 to 17.3 sec.), and “high” (24.2 to 30.3 sec.). A simple data entry task and a data correction task were used to study the task type effect. Five directory assistance operators were used as subjects. Each operator performed the tasks using a Teleray 3700 CRT terminal over a 5-day period. The operators experienced every CSS response time condition for about one-and-a-half hours. An analysis of typographical errors revealed a significantly lower error rate on the data correction task than on the data entry task. Overall speed of performance results showed that all operators performed significantly faster during the data correction task. Improvement of overall typing rate was observed in the data correction tasks with increased response time. The data also were analyzed to study the “search and preparation” time that the operator used prior to entering data on the terminal. This analysis revealed that operators efficiently utilized the CSS response time to search for errors and to prepare to enter data. The analysis also showed that increased delays in CSS response time caused no identifiable reduction in typing speed once the operators began entering data on the terminal. Utility Indices were calculated to estimate the relative importance of each independent variable in influencing the operators' performance. The calculated indices indicated that mean CSS response time had only a small effect on performance of the operators under the conditions studied. Within the limits of this study, the data suggest that operator performance is better controlled by paying close attention to the design of the operators' tasks than by providing short CSS response times.
The Use of Choice-Reaction-Time Models in the Analysis of Detection Tasks
Authors: Richards Robert R. , Sadosky Thomas L. , Schutz Rodney K. 
Published: December 2015

The information processing models used in the analysis of choice-reaction-time tasks are limited in their applicability to real detection tasks because the models are task dependent. The linear relationships between time and information processed in one task have not been extended to detection tasks in general. This paper examines a model for making the information processing models more general. Parameters relating to detection tasks are divided into two categories; those that influence the intercept (basic detection time) and those that influence the slope (information processing rate). Variables chosen for investigation were target size, target location certainty, distracting visual images, and average information content in the stimulus. Results indicated that target size, location certainty, and distracting images definitely affect “basic detection time.” It was also indicated that information-processing time, established by information content, was not greatly affected by those variables. An exception occurs with high levels of distracting images (clutter) which adds significant search time to a task.
Maximal Pedal Forces Exertable by Weak Females
Authors: Konz Stephan 
Published: December 2015

The maximum capability of weak females to actuate manual brake systems and power brake systems with power failure depends upon a number of variables. The following variables will be discussed and preliminary conclusions made on their quantitative effect: percentile of population to be covered, sex, age, force within a trial, repeated trials, left vs right foot, static vs moving vehicle, location of pedal to driver and seat, and preferred seat location. Using many assumptions and skimpy data, a 5% USA female, seated in a properly adjusted seat, for a panic stop will exert about 215 N in a moving, full-size USA vehicle with power brake failure.
Justification of a Human Factors Program in Industry
Authors: Smith James L. , Smith Leo A. 
Published: December 2015

The authors present three approaches for justifying or selling human factors engineering activities to management of industries producing products for a highly competitive market. Usually management of such industries initially consider human factors activities as “frills” offering little potential return on investment, or worse, as potential contributors to increased unit cost. The approaches presented include: (1) justification on the basis of increased productivity, (2) justification on the basis of reduced non-productive time and overhead, and (3) justification on the basis of “you really oughta (gotta) wanta”. Methodologies for utilizing each of these approaches are discussed and suggestions are presented as to the types of situations in which each approach is most appropriate. The concepts presented are illustrated from the authors' experiences in attempting to implement human factors engineering activities in southeastern textile industry.
Human Factors Engineering Technology Integration into the Naval Ship Acquisition Process
Authors: Malone Thomas B. , Andrews Phillip J. , Lewis Warren , McGuinness James 
Published: December 2015

A Navy surface ship represents one of the most complex man-machine systems in existence today. Performance capabilities of personnel required in the propulsion systems, weapon systems, command-control systems, operations systems, supply systems and auxiliary systems should demand that human factors engineering (HFE) receive primary consideration in the design of ships. And yet there is no formal HFE program for ship acquisition. HFE responsibilities are not integrated with each other or with ship systems engineering efforts. There is little or no standardization of HFE methods and data beyond that provided in the design work study approach. Finally, HFE has no formal status within the ship acquisition process. The Navy Sea Systems Command recently moved to correct these problems in implementation of HFE for ships. A ship HFE technology program has been established which has as its primary objectives the integration of available applicable HFE techniques, methods, principles and data into the ship acquisition process. The effort to integrate HFE technology into the ship acquisition process began with a definition of the process itself, with emphasis on the specific events and milestones within the process. The next step entailed identification of HFE requirements appropriate for each event. HFE requirements were described in terms of activities to be completed and products to be provided to the ship design effort. HFE requirements were developed for five major functional areas: manning and training, design for operability, design for maintainability, design for habitability, and test and evaluation. After identification of HFE requirements in each of these areas, determinations were made of the degree to which available HFE technologies were appropriate to satisfy the requirements. HFE technologies consisted of HFE principles, data, methods and techniques which have been reported in the HFE literature. These technology assessments represented the best estimates of the research team concerning the applicability of available technologies for specific HFE requirements.
Effects of Functional Separation and Low Levels of Blood Alcohol on the Response to Automobile Rear-Signal Information
Authors: Attwood Dennis A. 
Published: December 2015

The experiment investigated the effects of functional separation of brake and turn-signals, and of low levels of alcohol intoxication on a driver's ability to detect and interpret rear-signal information presented on a model automobile in a laboratory setting. Twelve experienced drivers performed the laboratory task for one-hour sessions on five successive days. Three independent variables were examined in a randomized-block, factorial design. These consisted of two levels of model type, one with brake and turn-signals combined under the same lens, the other with brake and turn-signals under separate lenses, four levels of blood alcohol, .00, .02, .05, and .08%, and six levels of stimulus complexity, representing six types of rear-signal information. Response variables consisted of response errors and the latencies between the onset of the stimulus and both the onset of the response and the completion of the response. Results indicated that the response variables were not equally sensitive to the task and that performance was significantly affected by model type and stimulus complexity. Performance deteriorated with blood alcohol levels as low as .05% on the combined model and 0.8% on the model that separated brake and turn-signal lights. Results are discussed in terms of the stimulus-identification/response-choice components of the task, and in terms of optimal coding methods for rear signals.
Endovascular coiling of small intracranial aneurysms using a very soft bare platinum coil: A comparison of the packing performance of new and old HyperSoft® helical coils
Authors: Ren Hecheng , Wei Ming , Yin Long , Ma Lin , Peng Longfeng 
Published: December 2015

Aims Soft and small coils are known to be appropriate for the treatment of small aneurysms. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the new HyperSoft® helical coil, which is softer and smaller than its predecessors, has any effect on the packing performance in a matched-pair study with an old HyperSoft® helical coil. Materials and methods Thirty-six consecutive patients harboring 43 cerebral aneurysms treated with new HyperSofts were included in this study. Forty-one aneurysms treated with old HyperSofts were identified from our database as matched controls based on similar volumes and locations. Packing attenuation, adverse events during the procedures, and angiographic occlusions were observed and compared between the two groups. Results The mean packing density was significantly higher in the new HyperSoft® group compared to the control group (35.5% vs. 26.9%), and a larger proportion of the aneurysms embolized with the 1.5 mm size coil, which has higher packing density. There was no difference in immediate and midterm angiographic outcomes. There was no difference in the rate of intraprocedural perforation, but there was no intraprocedural rupture related to the 1.5 mm coil. Conclusions The use of new HyperSoft® helical coils allows higher packing density comparable with the old technology. New HyperSoft® coils, especially those with 1.5 mm loop diameter, can be expected to fill smaller residual spaces in small aneurysms and may be helpful in preventing recanalization.
Management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage with intracerebral hematoma: Is there an indication for coiling first? Study of 44 cases
Authors: Salaud Céline , Hamel Olivier , Riem Tanguy , Desal Hubert , Buffenoir Kevin 
Published: December 2015

Background Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (ASH) with intracerebral hematoma (ICH) has a poor prognosis. The treatment is to secure the aneurysm and do an ICH evacuation. Objective The aim of the study was to determine if aneurysm coiling followed by ICH evacuation is a viable alternative treatment compared to exclusive surgery, regardless of the clinical or paraclinical presentations. Methods A retrospective study was conducted between 2004 and 2014, which included 44 patients. The patients were divided up in four groups. Two were principal groups: The clipped group (aneurysm clipping with ICH evacuation) and the coiled group (aneurysm coiling, followed by ICH evacuation); and two were subgroups of the latter: Aneurysm coiling with ICH evacuation after 24 hours and ICH evacuation followed by aneurysm coiling. We studied the demographic and radiologic characteristics, and the 3-month outcome. Results We included 17 patients in the coiled group: The outcome was better for the patients with World Federation of Neurosurgery (WFNS) scores of 1, 2 and 3; compared to the patients with WFNS scores 4 and 5. We included 16 patients in the clipped group: The outcome was better, compared the coiled group, for those patients with WFNS scores 4 and 5. Six patients were treated with aneurysm coiling, followed by ICH evacuation after 24 hours: 33% had a good outcome. Five patients were treated by ICH evacuation, followed by aneurysm coiling: None had a good outcome. Conclusions It was necessary to realise a prospective study to compare the outcomes of patients with WFNS scores of 1, 2 or 3; between those with aneurysm coiling followed by ICH evacuation and aneurysm clipping with ICH evacuation, to determine the potential of using the coiling first, for these patients.
Use of digital images to aid in the decision-making for acute upper extremity trauma referral
Authors: Plant M. A. , Novak C. B. , McCabe S. J. , von Schroeder H. P. 
Published: December 2015

This study evaluated the use of digital smartphone images in the decision-making for acute upper extremity trauma referrals. Surgeons ( n = 15) were presented with ten upper limb trauma scenarios for consideration of immediate transfer. Based on verbal history and with additional images, participants were asked questions regarding diagnosis, injured tissues, recommended management and diagnostic and treatment confidence. Statistical analyses evaluated confidence level changes and relationships between confidence levels and independent variables. Confidence levels for diagnosis and treatment were increased with the provision of smartphone images, and this was statistically significant. The decision to transfer was changed in 22%. The photographs were more useful for amputation versus non-amputation injuries (diagnosis and treatment) and hand versus forearm injuries (diagnosis), and these differences reached statistical significance. Smartphone digital images were shown to be useful for decision-making in acute upper extremity trauma referrals. This improved communication may have implications for health cost savings and patient burden by minimizing unnecessary acute transfers. Level of Evidence: Diagnostic Level III
Patient-Based Long-Term Results of the Surgical Treatment of Congenital Talipes Equinovarus
Authors: Symeonidis Panagiotis , Christodoulou Andreas , Mareti Evaggelia , Eleftherochorinou Areti , Gkourani Syrmatenia , Mbeslikas Theodoros , Kyrkos John 
Published: December 2015

Long-term results of surgical treatment for congenital talipes equinovarus are documented in the literature but mainly in correlation with clinical and radiographic objective criteria. We present a retrospective study of 48 patients who underwent surgical correction (extended Cincinnati type “a la carte” approach) in our department with an average of 17 years’ follow-up. Patients were interviewed and completed a validated disease specific instrument, which evaluates foot function as well as patients’ satisfaction, the use of orthotics, shoe size, and the impact of this operation in their adult life. Parameters such as gender, age at first surgery, side affected, and the number of procedures were also studied. According to our findings, the greater the age at last surgery, the worse the outcome. Quality-of-life issues were expressed at a higher rate among women and by patients that underwent multiple surgeries. Unilateral correction has a correlation with the shoe size. Even if a “successful” surgical correction is achieved, residual symptoms may alter walking ability, self-image, and shoe wearing in adult life. It would be valuable to continue to follow these patients up over time. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Accelerating Corporate Transformation in Emerging Markets: The Case of FirstBank
Authors: Adeleye Ifedapo 
Published: December 2015

The aim of this article is to investigate how an established firm in a dynamic market was able to successfully execute a corporate renewal programme in a hypercompetitive business environment. The study seeks to understand how market incumbents can transform themselves and outcompete younger, seemingly more entrepreneurial players. A longitudinal case study approach was used, following the extensive data collection in several periods between 2005 and 2013. Within this period, over 10 company visits were done to gain a first-hand knowledge of the transformation programme and to interview several senior executives and other stakeholders across the firm. In addition, relevant information from archival data and reports was collected during this period. Accelerated transformation requires taking calculated risks, redesigning the organization to align with the market, and making substantial investments in people. The study is limited to the transformation strategies adopted by a single company, FirstBank. While some of the lessons from this study can be applied to banks and other firms in transitional markets, certain factors idiosyncratic to the firm may make the universal adoption of their approach impossible. Many transformation initiatives tend to focus narrowly on technical, information technology (IT) issues, and leave out the so-called ‘soft issues’. From this case, transformation best works when process and structural transformation is complemented by radical changes in organization design and talent management systems.
Calibrating well-being, quality of life and common mental disorder items: Psychometric epidemiology in public mental health research
Authors: Böhnke Jan R. , Croudace Tim J. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundThe assessment of ‘general health and well-being’ in public mental health research stimulates debates around relative merits of questionnaire instruments and their items. Little evidence regarding alignment or differential advantages of instruments or items has appeared to date.AimsPopulation-based psychometric study of items employed in public mental health narratives.MethodMultidimensional item response theory was applied to General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS) and EQ-5D items (Health Survey for England, 2010–2012; n = 19 290).ResultsA bifactor model provided the best account of the data and showed that the GHQ-12 and WEMWBS items assess mainly the same construct. Only one item of the EQ-5D showed relevant overlap with this dimension (anxiety/depression). Findings were corroborated by comparisons with alternative models and cross-validation analyses.ConclusionsThe consequences of this lack of differentiation (GHQ-12 v. WEMWBS) for mental health and well-being narratives deserves discussion to enrich debates on priorities in public mental health and its assessment.
Concept of successful ageing among the community-dwelling oldest old in Japan
Authors: Sato-Komata Michiko , Hoshino Akiko , Usui Kanae , Katsura Toshiki 
Published: December 2015

Aim: In Japan, increasing human longevity has forced society to rethink the notion of what constitutes ‘successful ageing’. This study attempts to advocate a new concept of successful ageing that involves complete acceptance of the ageing process. Method: Research was based on semi-structured interviews with 15 community dwelling oldest-old (aged 85 years and above) participants. The analysis was completed using a grounded theory approach. Findings: Successful ageing for the oldest old was grouped into six categories. Within these categories, we discovered the structure of successful ageing, which synthesises ideas from the adaptation process with those of physical and cognitive decreased function as well as spirituality. Conclusion: The oldest old in Japan work to arrive at a conclusion with their lives, all the while coping with the drawbacks of ageing, such as declining physical and cognitive functions. This resilient and flexible way of life makes their form of ageing an equally ‘successful’ one.
Ilizarov management of Schatzker IV to VI fractures of the tibial plateau
Authors: Keightley A. J. , Nawaz S. Z. , Jacob J. T. , Unnithan A. , Elliott D. S. , Khaleel A. 
Published: December 2015

This study aimed to determine the long-term functional, clinical and radiological outcomes in patients with Schatzker IV to VI fractures of the tibial plateau treated with an Ilizarov frame. Clinical, functional and radiological assessment was carried out at a minimum of one year post-operatively. A cohort of 105 patients (62 men, 43 women) with a mean age of 49 years (15 to 87) and a mean follow-up of 7.8 years (1 to 19) were reviewed. There were 18 type IV, 10 type V and 77 type VI fractures. All fractures united with a mean time to union of 20.1 weeks (10.6 to 42.3). No patient developed a deep infection. The median range of movement (ROM) of the knee was 110oand the median Iowa score was 85.Our study demonstrates good long-term functional outcome with no deep infection; spanning the knee had no detrimental effect on the ROM or functional outcome.High-energy fractures of the tibial plateau may be treated effectively with a fine wire Ilizarov fixator.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2015;97-B:1693–7.