bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) in adolescent chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Wyller Vegard Bruun , Nguyen Chinh Bkrong , Ludviksen Judith Anita , Mollnes Tom Eirik 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Background
Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) is a prevalent and disabling condition among adolescent. The disease mechanisms are unknown. Previous studies have suggested elevated plasma levels of several cytokines, but a recent meta-analysis of 38 articles found that of 77 different cytokines measured in plasma, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) was the only one that was elevated in patients compared to controls in a sufficient number of articles. In the present study we therefore compared the plasma levels of the three TGF-β isoforms in adolescent CFS patients and healthy controls. In addition, the study explored associations between TGF-β levels, neuroendocrine markers, clinical markers and differentially expressed genes within the CFS group.

Methods
CFS patients aged 12–18 years (n = 120) were recruited nation-wide to a single referral center as part of the NorCAPITAL project (ClinicalTrials ID: NCT01040429). A broad case definition of CFS was applied, requiring 3 months of unexplained, disabling chronic/relapsing fatigue of new onset, whereas no accompanying symptoms were necessary. Healthy controls (n = 68) were recruited from local schools. The three isoforms of TGF-β (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3) were assayed using multiplex technology. Neuroendocrine markers encompassed plasma and urine levels of catecholamines and cortisol, as well as heart rate variability indices. Clinical markers consisted of questionnaire scores for symptoms of post-exertional malaise, inflammation, fatigue, depression and trait anxiety, as well as activity recordings. Whole blood gene expression was assessed by RNA sequencing in a subgroup of patients (n = 29) and controls (n = 18).

Results
Plasma levels of all three isoforms of TGF-β were equal in the CFS patients and the healthy controls. Subgrouping according to the Fukuda and Canada 2003 criteria of CFS did not reveal differential results. Within the CFS group, all isoforms of TGF-β were associated with plasma cortisol, urine norepinephrine and urine epinephrine, and this association pattern was related to fatigue score. Also, TGF-β3 was related to expression of the B cell annotated genes TNFRSF13C and CXCR5.

Conclusions
Plasma levels of all TGF-β isoforms were not altered in adolescent CFS. However, the TGF-β isoforms were associated with neuroendocrine markers, an association related to fatigue score. Furthermore, TGF-β3 might partly mediate an association between plasma cortisol and B cell gene expression.
Trial registration Clinical Trials NCT01040429
The complete genome sequence of the rumen bacterium Butyrivibrio hungatei MB2003
Authors: Palevich Nikola , Kelly William J. , Leahy Sinead C. , Altermann Eric , Rakonjac Jasna , Attwood Graeme T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractButyrivibrio hungatei MB2003 was isolated from the plant-adherent fraction of rumen contents from a pasture-grazed New Zealand dairy cow, and was selected for genome sequencing in order to examine its ability to degrade plant polysaccharides. The genome of MB2003 is 3.39 Mb and consists of four replicons; a chromosome, a secondary chromosome or chromid, a megaplasmid and a small plasmid. The genome has an average G + C content of 39.7%, and encodes 2983 putative protein-coding genes. MB2003 is able to use a variety of monosaccharide substrates for growth, with acetate, butyrate and formate as the principal fermentation end-products, and the genes encoding these metabolic pathways have been identified. MB2003 is predicted to encode an extensive repertoire of CAZymes with 78 GHs, 7 CEs, 1 PL and 78 GTs. MB2003 is unable to grow on xylan or pectin, and its role in the rumen appears to be as a utilizer of monosaccharides, disaccharides and oligosaccharides made available by the degradative activities of other bacterial species.
The genomic study of an environmental isolate of Scedosporium apiospermum shows its metabolic potential to degrade hydrocarbons
Authors: Morales Laura T. , González-García Laura N. , Orozco María C. , Restrepo Silvia , Vives Martha J. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCrude oil contamination of soils and waters is a worldwide problem, which has been actively addressed in recent years. Sequencing genomes of microorganisms involved in the degradation of hydrocarbons have allowed the identification of several promoters, genes, and degradation pathways of these contaminants. This knowledge allows a better understanding of the functional dynamics of microbial degradation. Here, we report a first draft of the 44.2 Mbp genome assembly of an environmental strain of the fungus Scedosporium apiospermum. The assembly consisted of 178 high-quality DNA scaffolds with 1.93% of sequence repeats identified. A total of 11,195 protein-coding genes were predicted including a diverse group of gene families involved in hydrocarbon degradation pathways like dioxygenases and cytochrome P450. The metabolic pathways identified in the genome can potentially degrade hydrocarbons like chloroalkane/alkene, chorocyclohexane, and chlorobenzene, benzoate, aminobenzoate, fluorobenzoate, toluene, caprolactam, geraniol, naphthalene, styrene, atrazine, dioxin, xylene, ethylbenzene, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The comparison analysis between this strain and the previous sequenced clinical strain showed important differences in terms of annotated genes involved in the hydrocarbon degradation process.
Single-Nucleotide Variations of the Human Nuclear Hormone Receptor Genes in 60,000 Individuals
Authors: Mackeh Rafah , Marr Alexandra K , Dargham Soha R , Syed Najeeb , Fakhro Khalid A , Kino Tomoshige 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Nuclear hormone receptors (NRs) mediate biologic actions of lipophilic molecules to gene transcription and are phylogenetically and functionally categorized into seven subfamilies and three groups, respectively. Single-nucleotide variations (SNVs) or polymorphisms are genetic changes influencing individual response to environmental factors and susceptibility to various disorders, and are part of the genetic diversification and basis for evolution. We sorted out SNVs of the human NR genes from 60,706 individuals, calculated three parameters (percentage of all variants, percentage of loss-of-function variants, and ratio of nonsynonymous/synonymous variants in their full protein-coding or major domain–coding sequences), and compared them with several valuables. Comparison of these parameters between NRs and control groups identified that NRs form a highly conserved gene family. The three parameters for the full coding sequence are positively correlated with each other, whereas four NR genes are distinct from the others with much higher tolerance to protein sequence-changing variants. DNA-binding domain and N-terminal domain are respectively those bearing the least and the most variation. NR subfamilies based on their phylogenetic proximity or functionality as well as diversity of tissue distribution and numbers of partner molecules are all not correlated with the variation parameters, whereas their gene age demonstrates an association. Our results suggest that the natural selection driving the NR family evolution still operates in humans. Gene age and probably the potential to adapt to various new ligands, but not current functional diversity, are major determinants for SNVs of the human NR genes.
Radiological Aspects of Liquid Radioactive Waste Management from Nuclear Power Plant Operation
Authors: Кочетков О. , Kochetkov O. , Иванов Е. , Ivanov E. , Шаров Д. , Sharov D. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: The prospects and scale of the further development of nuclear energy depend to a large extent on the solution of the radioactive waste management (RW) problem. Special attention is given to management of the liquid radioactive waste (LRW), which poses the main potential hazard to the public and the environment, since LRW storage can lead to leaks into the environment.
The purpose of the paper is to examine the radiological aspects of LRW management from nuclear power plants (NPPs) operation and to study the influence of the list of radionuclides controlled in RW on the evaluation of the efficiency of LRW treatment technology and on the validity of radioactive waste characterization and classification.
Material and methods: The work is based on analysis of public materials (scientific publications, legal documents, international standards, recommendations of international organizations) in the area of LRW treatment and conditioning technologies, and methods of radioactive waste characterization, including information about accepted lists of controlled radionuclides.
Results: It is shown that an unreasonable reduction of the list of controlled radionuclides can lead to a significant underestimation of the radiological hazard of RW packages transferred for disposal. In order to optimize the volume of RW radiation control, the radionuclide vector technology was proposed. It is stated that the technology is not universal and its application in each specific case requires additional justification. It is shown that the correctness of accounting for the radiological characteristics of radioactive waste can significantly influence the evaluation of the efficiency of the radioactive waste treatment technology. A possible approach to determining the acceptability of LRW treatment technology based on the characteristics of the final products formed is suggested.
Conclusions: There is no universal approach to solve the problems of LRW treatment at the moment. A survey of the characteristics of LRW (chemical, physical, radiation) accumulated and formed during the operation of NPP with various types of reactors (VVER, RBMK, BN) should be performed to determine the initial requirements for LRW treatment technologies. A comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of LRW treatment technologies at all Russian NPPs is of interest with taking into account radionuclides that determine the radiological hazard of radioactive waste after the final disposal.
Effect of Correction of Gamma-Radiation Absorption in the Study of Myocardial Perfusion by SPECT/CT
Authors: Хачирова Э. , Hachirova E. , Самойленко Л. , Samoylenko L. , Шевченко О. , Shevchenko O. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose: Assessment of the impact of absorption correction (AC) on quantitative parameters of myocardial perfusion and determination of the extent of stress-induced myocardial microcirculation disorders on SPECT / CT in patients with chest pain and unchanged coronary arteries.
Material and methods: the study included 35 patients, each of whom was carried a selective coronary angiography and rest/stress SPECT/CT of the myocardium with 99mTc -MIBI with- and without CA.
Results: In all patients with stress-induced myocardial ischemia was detected both without and with AC images. However, quantitative parameters of myocardial perfusion were lower after the AC: SSS 6.9 ± 1.2 vs. 7.7 ± 1.1; SDS 4.0 ± 0.8 vs. 4.9 ± 0.6; Stress ext. Total 11.2 ± 1.8 vs. 13.0 ± 1.9; Stress TPD total 9.3 ± 1.2 vs.10.9 ± 1.2; TPDi 4.1 ± 1.0 vs.5.9 ± 0.9 (for all p < 0.05). For SRS, Rest ext. Total, and Rest TPD total difference was not significant. The number of hypoperfused segments, according to the segmental analysis, was less after AC and was 126 vs. 153 at rest, 242 vs. 177 under stress.
In women, significant difference was obtained for all parameters, for men – only for the SSS, SDS, Stress ext. Total, Stress TPD total. In patients with BMI ≥25 significant difference for all parameters was obtained. However, patients with the normal BMI (18,5–24,9;WHO, 2004) significant difference was obtained only for Stress ext. Total, Stress TPD total.
Conclusion The use of SPECT/CT with AC allow to detect microcirculatory violations of perfusion and myocardial reserve perfusion in patients with pain in the chest with the unchanged CA, as evidenced by indicators of the average values of quantitative parameters of perfusion scintigram. The most significant impact on the quantitative perfusion parameters was observed in women with well-developed breasts and obese patients. The findings give reason to assume the use of AC to avoid revaluation incidence and severity of stress-induced myocardial perfusion disturbances.
Radionuclide Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer: Positron Emission Tomography with 68Ga-PSMA Inhibitors and Their Pharmaceutical Development
Authors: Ларенков А. , Larenkov A. , Кодина Г. , Kodina G. 
Published: December 2017

This review is devoted to the synthesis of the main and most relevant data on the development and clinical use of radiopharmaceuticals (RPs) based on PSMA-inhibitors labeled with 68Ga for the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PC).
The generator method of 68Ga production, which ensures the wide availability of this radionuclide for medical organizations, is the reason for the permanent interest to the RPs based on 68Ga. The development of RPs based on inhibitors of the prostate-specific membrane antigen became the second wave of global excitement about 68Ga-RPs, after labeled derivates of the ocreotide for the diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors.
PC is one of the most urgent problems of modern oncology. The place of prostate cancer in the structure of the oncological morbidity of the male population, as well as the significance of radionuclide diagnostics in the clinical staging of the disease and the strategy of therapy are considered.
Data on the structure and properties of the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), its role in the body and expression in the foci of pathological processes are presented. Known PSMA inhibitors and the dependence of their properties on structure are considered.
The main part of the review is devoted to the key results of the pharmaceutical development of RPs based on PSMA-inhibitors labeled with 68Ga. The effect of the fragments (ligand, linker and chelator) on the final radiopharmaceutical molecule on the pharmacokinetics is considered. The review also includes data on the clinical efficacy of PET with 68Ga-PSMA in the diagnosis of PC. Data on the availability of 68Ga-RPs in Russia today, as well as references to regulatory documents that allow the use of such RPs, are presented.
In conclusion, a brief summary of the literature data and conclusions on the most promising radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer and further perspectives are presented.
When Risk Is Weird: Unexplained Transaction Features Lower Valuations
Authors: Mislavsky Robert , Simonsohn Uri 
Published: December 2017

We define transactions as weird when they include unexplained features, that is, features not implicitly, explicitly, or self-evidently justified, and propose that people are averse to weird transactions. In six experiments, we show that risky options used in previous research paradigms often attained uncertainty via adding an unexplained transaction feature (e.g., purchasing a coin flip or lottery), and behavior that appears to reflect risk aversion could instead reflect an aversion to weird transactions. Specifically, willingness to pay drops just as much when adding risk to a transaction as when adding unexplained features. Holding transaction features constant, adding additional risk does not further reduce willingness to pay. We interpret our work as generalizing ambiguity aversion to riskless choice. The online supplement is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2868 and http://osf.io/fzjuw . This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
HOSPITALIDADE URBANA DO CENTRO HISTÓRICO DE PELOTAS/RS
Authors: Dutra Camila Osório , Caldas Liliane da Cruz , Pinheiro Pedro Mascarenhas de Souza , Bastos Tiago Rodrigues 
Published: December 2017

O presente trabalho tem como objeto de estudo a Hospitalidade Urbana do Centro Histórico da cidade de Pelotas/RS. Tendo como objetivo compreender se o Centro Histórico desta cidade, é, ou não, hospitaleiro, através das categorias de análise: Acessibilidade, Identidade e Legibilidade. Para isto, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas e questionários com moradores e turistas em diferentes pontos da cidade. Relatou-se que a hospitalidade de legibilidade se refere, cada indivíduo cada usuário de um espaço tem uma visão, uma percepção, do que é mais interessante, do que é guardado em suas experiências e consequentemente em suas memórias visuais. Além disso, em futuros estudos, outros pontos que podem ser abordados são as condições de acesso em diferentes municípios e as identidades de diferentes cidades.
El problema de la negatividad en la Ciencia de la lógica de Hegel
Authors: Serey Aguilera Juan 
Published: December 2017

En las primeras páginas de la Ciencia de la lógica, el pensar tiene la pretensión de iniciar su propio movimiento sin aceptar ningún pensamiento dado o presuposición como la paradójica y pura autorreferencia del vínculo de ser y nada. De acuerdo conesto, proponemos una lectura que afirma la presencia de una negatividad que explica la actividad inmanente del pensar en el inicio de la Ciencia de la lógica.
El dilema contractualista
Authors: Vaca Moisés 
Published: December 2017

En la ética y la filosofía política contemporáneas es común apelar a alguna for-ma de consenso hipotético para justificar contenidos normativos. En el presente artículo llamo a esta posición “contractualismo” y defiendo tres tesis al respecto. Primera, es correcta la objeción común al contractualismo de que la estipulación de un consenso hipotético en una situación ideal de deliberación no añade nada a la justificación del contenido normativo en cuestión. Segunda, esta objeción da pie a lo que llamo “el dilema contractualista”: cuando hay una situación de des-acuerdo entre dos agentes sobre si un contenido normativo x es correcto, apelar a un acuerdo hipotético en condiciones ideales de deliberación como medio para justificar x, equivale a caer en petición de principio o a establecer una trivialidad. Tercera, a la luz del “dilema contractualista”, el contractualismo no debe ser en-tendido como un método de justificación normativa.
Testimony and crimes against humanity from Hannah Arendt's perspective
Authors: Perrone-Moisés Claudia , Mascaro Laura 
Published: December 2017

***Testemunho e crimes contra a humanidade a partir da perspectiva de Hannah Arendt***Considerando a emergência do testemunho como uma fonte privilegiada de história e memória posteriormente à Segunda Guerra Mundial, este artigo pretende discutir o papel do testemunho na teoria de Hannah Arendt, considerando, por um lado, suas críticas à abundância de testemunhos no julgamento de Eichmann e, por outro, a importância que a narrativa, a memória e a metáfora adquirem em sua obra. Essa discussão lança uma luzsobre julgamentos históricos envolvendo crimes contra a humanidade.
Totalitarismo y dictadura: Arendt para leer la historia reciente de Chile
Authors: Merino Maria Jose Lopez 
Published: December 2017

***Totalitarismo e ditadura: Arendt para ler a história recente do Chile***Este artigo visa a apresentar e discutir a pertinência ou a impertinência de dois conceitos-chave no pensamento do Hannah Arendt para descrever e compreender processos fundamentais da história recente do Chile: ‘totalitarismo’, como regime fundado no Terror para referir a ditadura de Augusto Pinochet, que teve lugar entre os anos 1973 e 1989, e ‘sociedade de trabalhadores’, como forma pós-totalitária da sociedade de massas, orientada para o trabalho e consumo, para descrever um dos aspectos centrais da sociedade neoliberal que a ditadura chilena instala.
Refugees today: superflousness and humanitarianism
Authors: Jalušič Vlasta 
Published: December 2017

***Refugiados hoje: superfluidade e humanitarismo***Este artigo discute algumas questões relativas à abordagem humanitária para “resolver” a chamada crise dos refugiados na Europa no Outono de 2015, quando milhares de refugiados partiram em jornada rumo à UE, a maioria deles para a Alemanha, pela chamada rota migratória dos Balcãs. Quando alguns Estados europeus, como a Eslovênia, começaram a colocar cercas de arame farpado nas suas fronteiras meridionais, os outros retomaram o controle de suas fronteiras internas da UE e quase todos introduziram mais restrições às leis existentes para a proteção internacional de refugiados e asilados. Ao abordar a questão do que é o elemento central do “problema dos refugiados” de hoje, o principal argumento se baseia no conceito de supérfluo de Hannah Arendt como a característica-chave da nova forma de governo global. Há dois lados do fenômeno da superfluidade que são cruciais para entender a situação na qual nos encontramos em relação às assim chamadas “migrações em massa”, o problema de “refugiados”: os “migrantes” e “nós”. Independentemente da necessidade de uma dose de humanitarismo nesses momentos, o foco na “solução” humanitária do problema esconde a questão-chave: como proporcionar, o quanto antes e em longo prazo, que os excluídos das unidades políticas e da lei sejam incluídos (tenham o direito a ter direitos) em uma comunidade política?
Acción e institución en el pensamiento político de Hannah Arendt: lecturas de Sobre la Revolución
Authors: Smola Julia Gabriela 
Published: December 2017

***Ação e instituição no pensamento político de Hannah Arendt: leituras de Sobre a Revolução***Como diz Margaret Canovan, On Revolution é um dos livros menos estudados y menos compreendidos de Hannah Arendt e os nossos países não são uma exceção à regra. No entanto, o texto é de grande importância para explorar algumas questões em Arendt que, apesar de ter continuidade, são menos desenvolvidos em seus outros livros. Nele, Arendt enfoca a dimensão instituinte da ação política revolucionária. Esse é um elemento essencial para temos uma visão mais completa do pensamento político da Hannah Arendt e pensamos as nossas realidades políticas da América Latina. Neste trabalho, então, oferecemos certos elementos de análise do pensamento político de Hannah Arendt como eles aparecem na sua obra Sobre a Revolução. Vamos enquadrar a nossa leitura entre duas interpretações que, na nossa opinião, são igualmente interessantes, muito influentes no contexto da América Latina, e que são referências essenciais para a compreensão da obra de Arendt, mas diferem quanto à interpretação dada ao seu pensamento político e, em particular, quanto ao local que as instituições políticas ocupam nele. Essas são as interpretações de Étienne Tassin sobre os paradoxos da revolução na obra de Arendt e de Margaret Canovan sobre o novo republicanismo arendtiano. Em seguida, vamos desenvolver algumas chaves para uma leitura própria de On Revolution entre as duas posições. Finalmente, vamos oferecer uma conclusão e trazer os pontos mais importantes do nosso argumento.
Report on the management of thrombocytopenia in obstetric patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Seifoleslami Mehri 
Published: December 2017

Thrombocytopenia occurs to approximately 8%–10% of pregnant women and this condition is a notable source of morbidity and mortality during pregnancy. In the recent years, our comprehension of thrombocytopenia has progressed on pregnancy. Nevertheless, there has not been adequate information about thrombocytopenia outcomes in obstetric patients. With regard to this topic, we reviewed published reports as an update from the managements on these cases. Nevertheless, recommendations for management of delivery in obstetric women with thrombocytopenia are based on several hypotheses requiring critical analysis. For this cause, we reviewed the management of pregnant patients with thrombocytopenia treated over a period of 37 years.