bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SiC/Si heterojunction VDMOS breaking silicon limit by breakdown point transfer technology
Authors: Duan Baoxing , Lv Jianmei , Zhao Yihan , Yang Yintang 
Published: August 2017

An innovative semiconductor power vertical double‐diffused MOSFET (VDMOS) is proposed for the first time with the SiC/Si heterojunction at the P‐base and N‐drift region (called for SiC/Si VDMOS), which improves the trade‐off between the breakdown voltage (BV) and specific on‐resistance (Ron,sp). The ‘soft’ Si material has been combined with the ‘hard’ SiC material to play their own advantages for SiC/Si VDMOS. The Si has been formed above the 6H‐SiC substrate to make up the channel and source electrode, and the 6H‐SiC is underneath the P‐base to form the SiC/Si heterojunction. The novel terminal technology of breakdown point transfer has been advanced for the first time and applied to SiC/Si VDMOS, which transfers the breakdown point of SiC/Si VDMOS and improve the BV compared with Si VDMOS. The simulated results have been shown that the optimised BV of proposed SiC/Si VDMOS is increased from 226 to 578 V compared with the conventional Si VDMOS with the same drift region length, which is because the breakdown point is transferred from the higher electric field area with the maximum curvature radius to the low electric field area. The simulated Ron,sp of SiC/Si VDMOS is 17.4 mΩ·cm2 with the BV of 578 V, which is lower than that of 41.01 mΩ·cm2 with the BV of 226V in Si VDMOS. The silicon limit relationship has been broken for SiC/Si VDMOS.
Fluctuation spectra and force generation in nonequilibrium systems
Authors: Lee Alpha A. , Vella Dominic , Wettlaufer John S. 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Understanding force generation in nonequilibrium systems is a significant challenge in statistical and biological physics. We show that force generation in nonequilibrium systems is encoded in their energy fluctuation spectra. In particular, a nonequipartition of energy, which is only possible in active systems, can lead to a nonmonotonic fluctuation spectrum. For a narrow, unimodal spectrum, we find that the force exerted by a nonequilibrium system on two embedded walls depends on the width and the position of the peak in the fluctuation spectrum, and oscillates between repulsion and attraction as a function of wall separation. Our results agree with recent molecular dynamics simulations of active Brownian particles, and shed light on the old riddle of the Maritime Casimir effect.
Angular reconstitution-based 3D reconstructions of nanomolecular structures from superresolution light-microscopy images
Authors: Salas Desirée , Le Gall Antoine , Fiche Jean-Bernard , Valeri Alessandro , Ke Yonggang , Bron Patrick , Bellot Gaetan , Nollmann Marcelo 
Published: August 2017

Significance
Superresolution imaging techniques have become an essential tool to study the organization and structure of biological molecules with previously unimagined detail. It is becoming clear, however, that structural heterogeneity, dynamics, and low labeling densities can impede the potential of such technologies. Here, we describe a model-free method based on single-particle reconstruction algorithms to extract 3D isotropic structural information from 2D superresolution images of nanometer-sized supramolecular structures, such as DNA origami or protein complexes. We expect our work will help bridge the gap between superresolution microscopy and conventional electron microscopy.
Tense and mood marking in Xining Mandarin
Authors: Bell Daniel 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis study presents a corpus-based analysis of the sentential particlelia俩 in Xining Mandarin (Qinghai province, northwest China), which functions both as a future tense marker and as an atemporal marker of affirmative mood. Applying the notion of “aspectually sensitive tenses” (de Swart, 1998), the distribution ofliais explained in terms of the selectional restrictions thatliaplaces upon the aspectual class of its complement. In particular, it is argued thatliafunctions as a future tense marker with dynamic situations, but as a marker of affirmative mood with stative situations.
Metonymy in numerals
Authors: Pannain Rossella 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBy adopting a synchronic/diachronic perspective, the study addresses the role of metonymy in the representation of numerical quantity. This can be observed in: (a) the motivation relating individual numeral forms, as well as the internal organization of the whole numeral sequence, to non-numeric entities involved in actual quantifying procedures; (b) the phenomenon by which certain salient numerosities function asreference points(Langacker, 1993) for other numerical representations within the functional/conceptual domain (Barcelona, 2011) of numerical quantity. First, a metonymic interpretation of a small group of numerals from different linguistic areas is proposed. Subsequently, the study focuses on a class of collective numerals in contemporary standard Italian that are derived from cardinals by means of affixation with-ino. The analysis of these word formations is aimed at demonstrating that metonymic mapping is a prerequisite for derivation, and that the mapping is based on privileged conceptual/pragmatic functions within the domain ofnumerosity.
A cognitive perspective on the semantics of near
Authors: Brenda Maria 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The present study investigates the semantic structure of the word near assuming that its distinct senses form a semantic network with a prototypical spatial sense at the center and various extended senses at different distances away from the prototype. In order to explain the extensions of near, the cognitive notions of construal, image schema transformation, metaphor and metonymy are taken into consideration. The conceptual blending theory is used to explain the semantic structure of the complex preposition near to. The research reveals that the word near functions as a preposition (also a part of the complex preposition near to), an adverb, an adjective and a verb, and that its semantic structure is best viewed as a continuum encoding both lexical and grammatical information. At the same time, the analysis shows that the polysemy of near is rather impoverished when compared to the polysemies of other spatial prepositions, such as in, on, at or over.
Consolidating the professional identity of translators
Authors: Yoo Taeyoung , Ja Jeong Cheol 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The literature on translators’ professional identity has focused on role-related factors, such as traits and power, paying little attention to extra-role activities. The present study fills this void by examining the role of citizenship behaviors in consolidating the translators’ professional identity. The regression analysis of the survey data on 352 translators and interpreters in South Korea shows that citizenship behaviors inside and outside of the profession, such as voluntary services in community events or at a professional association of translators, positively affect their identity. It is also noteworthy that citizenship behaviors, particularly those within the profession, partly moderate the influence of trait factors such as master’s degree and income on identity. This study indicates that participation in social activities beyond the boundaries of one’s translation job can benefit both individual professionals and the professional group as a whole, reinforcing professional identity. This will ultimately contribute to society, in addition to the profession.
A corpus-based study of semantic differences in translation
Authors: Vandevoorde Lore , Lefever Els , Plevoets Koen , De Sutter Gert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a corpus-driven, statistical method for the visualization of semantic structure, thereby tackling the under-researched issue of semantics in corpus-based Translation Studies. We aim to investigate the influence of translation on the structure of semantic fields and in particular the extent to which the structure of the semantic field of inchoativity differs between original, non-translated Dutch and translated Dutch. The visualizations of the semantic field of inchoativity show that translated Dutch indeed differs from non-translated Dutch on the semantic level. Based on the exploration of the semantic fields, we furthermore formulate some hypotheses concerning the presence of the so-called universal tendencies of translation on the semantic level.
Simulated Effects of YY-Male Stocking and Manual Suppression for Eradicating Nonnative Brook Trout Populations
Authors: Schill Daniel J. , Meyer Kevin A. , Hansen Michael J. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Eradication of nonnative Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations is difficult to achieve with standard techniques, such as electrofishing removal or piscicides; new approaches are needed. A novel concept is to stock “supermale” hatchery fish with wild conspecifics. Supermales (MYY) have two Y-chromosomes, resulting in offspring that are all males; over time, successful supermale reproduction could eradicate the wild population. We constructed an age-structured stochastic model to investigate the effects of manually suppressing wild fish and stocking MYY fingerlings on the long-term viability of hypothetical nonnative Brook Trout populations. In streams, an annual stocking rate of supermales equivalent to 50% of wild age-0 Brook Trout density combined with an annual selective suppression rate equivalent to 50% of wild Brook Trout density resulted in a time to extirpation of only 2–4 years if supermale fitness was equivalent to wild male fitness. However, time to extirpation in streams was 5–15 years if supermale fitness was 80% lower than wild male fitness. In alpine lakes, higher supermale stocking rates and nonselective gillnetting were required to eradicate Brook Trout populations. If supermales were assumed to be as fit as wild males, however, any supermale stocking rate greater than 49% in alpine lakes or 60% in streams achieved eradication in 10 years or less, regardless of the suppression rate. Because manual suppression and the stocking of MYY fingerlings can readily be conducted at the levels assumed in our simulations, use of such an integrated pest management (IPM) approach could extirpate undesirable Brook Trout populations within reasonably short periods of time. Given the recent successful development of an MYY Brook Trout broodstock capable of producing large numbers of MYY fingerlings and given the positive results of the present simulations for both streams and alpine lakes, field testing of MYY stocking is warranted within an IPM program that includes manual suppression for eradicating undesirable Brook Trout populations.
Received October 14, 2016; accepted June 10, 2017 Published online August 22, 2017
Identification and characterization of a sulfoglycosidase from Bifidobacterium bifidum implicated in mucin glycan utilization
Authors: Katoh Toshihiko , Maeshibu Takako , Kikkawa Kei-ichi , Gotoh Aina , Tomabechi Yusuke , Nakamura Motoharu , Liao Wei-Hsiang , Yamaguchi Masanori , Ashida Hisashi , Yamamoto Kenji , Katayama Takane 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Human gut symbiont bifidobacteria possess carbohydrate-degrading enzymes that act on the O-linked glycans of intestinal mucins to utilize those carbohydrates as carbon sources. However, our knowledge about mucin type O-glycan degradation by bifidobacteria remains fragmentary, especially regarding how they decompose sulfated glycans, which are abundantly found in mucin sugar-chains. Here, we examined the abilities of several Bifidobacterium strains to degrade a sulfated glycan substrate and identified a 6-sulfo-β-d-N-acetylglucosaminidase, also termed sulfoglycosidase, encoded by bbhII from Bifidobacterium bifidum JCM 7004. A recombinant BbhII protein showed a substrate preference toward 6-sulfated and 3,4-disulfated N-acetylglucosamines over non-sulfated and 3-sulfated N-acetylglucosamines. The purified BbhII directly released 6-sulfated N-acetylglucosamine from porcine gastric mucin and the expression of bbhII was moderately induced in the presence of mucin. This de-capping activity may promote utilization of sulfated glycans of mucin by other bacteria including bifidobacteria, thereby establishing the symbiotic relationship between human and gut microbes.
Propane in nitrogen, 1000 μmol/mol
Authors: Konopelko L A , Kustikov Y A , Kolobova A V , Pankratov V V , Pankov A A , Efremova O V , Rozhnov M S , Melnyk D M , Petryshyn P V , Levbarg O S , Kisel S P , Shpilnyi S A , Yakubov S Ye , Bakovec N V , Mironchik A M , Aleksandrov V V 
Published: August 2017

This article presents the report on the COOMET key comparison COOMET.QM-K111, which is linking to the appropriate CCQM comparison—CCQM-K111 'Propane in nitrogen 1000 μmol/mol'. CCQM-K111 was carried out in 2014–2016 and it was one of a series of key comparisons in the gas analysis area assessing core competences.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
A Pivotal Randomized Clinical Trial Evaluating the Safety and Effectiveness of a Novel Hydrogel Dural Sealant as an Adjunct to Dural Repair
Authors: Tew John M. , Strong Michael J. , West G. Alexander , Woo Henry , Couture Daniel E. , Wilson John A. , Munoz Lorenzo F. , Rosen Charles L. , Greenlee Jeremy D. , van Loveren Harry R. , Iantosca Mark , Baird Clinton J. , Smith Mark , McGirt Matt , Parish Jonathan , Asher Anthony L. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND: A watertight dural repair is critical to minimizing the risk of postoperative complications secondary to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of a novel hydrogel, Adherus Dural Sealant, when compared with control, DuraSeal Dural Sealant System, as an adjunct to standard methods of dural repair.

METHODS: In this 17-center, prospective, randomized clinical trial designed as a noninferiority, single-blinded study, 124 patients received Adherus Dural Sealant (test sealant) and 126 received DuraSeal (control). The primary composite endpoint was the proportion of patients who were free of any intraoperative CSF leakage during Valsalva maneuver after dural repair, CSF leak/pseudomeningocele, and unplanned retreatment of the surgical site. Each component was then analyzed individually as a secondary endpoint. Patients were followed for 4 mo after surgery.

RESULTS: The primary composite endpoint at the 120-d follow-up was achieved in 91.2% of the test sealant group compared with 90.6% of the control, thus showing that the test sealant was statistically significantly noninferior to DuraSeal (P = .0049). Post hoc analysis of the primary composite endpoint at 14 d demonstrated superiority of the test sealant over the control (P = .030). Primary endpoint failures in the control group tended to occur early in follow-up period, while a majority of test dural sealant failures were identified through protocol-required radiographic imaging at the 120-d follow-up visit.

CONCLUSION: The test sealant, Adherus Dural Sealant, is a practical, safe, and effective adjunct to achieving a watertight dural closure after primary dural closure in cranial procedures.
A Narrative Review of Adherence to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Guidelines
Authors: Gritti Paolo , Akeju Oluwaseun , Lorini Ferdinando L. , Lanterna Luigi A. , Brembilla Carlo , Bilotta Federico 
Published: August 2017

Over the past 2 decades, a large number of guidelines for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) management have been proposed. The primary aim of these “evidence-based” guidelines is to improve the care of aSAH patients by summarizing and making current knowledge readily available to clinicians. However, an investigation into aSAH guidelines, their changes along time and their successful translation into clinical practice is still lacking.
We performed a literature search of historical events and subarachnoid hemorrhage guidelines using the Entrez PubMed NIH, Embase, and Cochrane databases for articles published up to November of 2016. Data were summarized for guidelines on aSAH management and cross-sectional studies of their application. A total of 11 guidelines and 10 cross-sectional studies on aSAH management were analyzed. The use of nimodipine for the treatment of SAH is the only recommendation that remained consistent across guidelines over time (r=0.82; P<0.05). A shift in the definitive treatment for aneurysms from open surgical clipping to endovascular coiling was also noted (r=−0.91; r=0.96; P<0.005). In addition, definitive treatment for aneurysm is being performed earlier. The use of triple-H therapy and the long-term administration of anticonvulsive therapy has decreased. Finally, written protocols for aSAH management were not consistently used across tertiary care institutions (r=−0.46; P=0.43; confidence interval, −0.95 to −0.70).
We conclude that guidelines related to the management of patients with SAH have evolved from a consensus-based approach into an evidence-based approach. Nevertheless, the translation into clinical practice is limited, suggesting that personalized approaches to care is inherent, and perhaps necessary for aSAH management.
Cerebral Oxygen Saturation During Electroconvulsive Therapy: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Sriganesh Kamath , Jadhav Tanmay , Venkataramaiah Sudhir , Naveen Kumar Channaveerachari , Armugham Shyamsundar , Philip Mariamma , Madhusudan Reddy KR , Thirthalli Jagadisha , Umamaheswara Rao GS 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) causes acute changes in cerebral perfusion and oxygenation. Near-infrared spectroscopy is a novel, noninvasive technique to assess cerebral oxygen saturation (cSO2). We hypothesized that cSO2 increases during ECT and more so with atropine premedication and decreases when systemic desaturation (peripheral oxygen saturation <90%) occurs during ECT.

Methods:
We performed a secondary analysis of a randomized trial of patients undergoing ECT for psychiatric illness during a 6-month period. During the second ECT session, patients were randomly assigned to receive either 0.01 mg/kg IV atropine or no atropine. During the third ECT session, patients were crossed over. Standard anesthetic management was performed. Data with regard to heart rate, blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation, and cSO2 were collected at baseline and continuously examined for 5 minutes from delivery of ECT stimulus.

Results:
Forty-one patients underwent 82 ECT sessions. ECT resulted in significant increase in cSO2 during both the atropine and the no-atropine sessions (P<0.001 for both) but no between-session difference was observed (mean difference, 1.9±2.0; 95% confidence interval, −2.0, 5.9; P=0.337). The cSO2 values were lower in patients who developed systemic desaturation when compared with the cSO2 values in those who did not (mean difference, 5.0±2.6; 95% confidence interval −0.1, 10.2; P=0.054). However, the mean cSO2 was >60% at any measured time point, even in those with systemic desaturation.

Conclusions:
ECT increased cSO2 irrespective of atropine premedication. cSO2 was lower when systemic desaturation occurred. Future studies should explore the effect of cerebral oxygenation changes during ECT on outcome of psychiatric conditions.
Selecting the LSTV as the Lower Instrumented Vertebra in the Treatment of Lenke Types 1A and 2A Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
Authors: Bai Jinyi , Chen Kai , Wei Qiang , Chen Ziqiang , Chen Yu , Ni Haijian , Zhao Yingchuan , Li Ming 
Published: August 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective study.

Objective.
The purpose of this study was to verify the last substantially touched vertebra (LSTV) as the ideal lower instrumented vertebra (LIV) and to identify predictive factors of adding-on in patients with Lenke type 1A and 2A curve patterns when LSTV was chosen as the LIV.

Summary of Background Data.
Although several studies have indicated that the use of the LSTV as the LIV can obtain favorable outcomes in Lenke 1A and 2A curves, the factors identifying patients with Lenke 1A and 2A curve patterns who should undergo a fusion extending beyond the LSTV have not been identified.

Methods.
A total of 120 patients with Lenke 1 and 2 curves after posterior instrumentation and fusion to the LSTV were evaluated. All patients had a minimum 3-year follow-up. Patients were grouped based on the occurrence of the distal adding-on phenomenon: an adding-on group and a no adding-on group. We analyzed the significant independent factors associated with adding-on via univariate analysis and then via stepwise logistic regression analysis.

Results.
Distal adding-on was observed in 16 patients (13.33%). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that the Risser sign (OR = 0.592, P = 0.033), preoperative distance between the LIV and the center sacral vertical line (CSVL) (LIV-CSVL) (OR = 1.286, P = 0.002), and postoperative thoracic kyphosis (T5–T12) (OR = 0.784, P = 0.002) were primary factors for distal adding-on.

Conclusion.
Selecting the LSTV as the LIV simplifies the selection of the LIV and is an effective operation strategy in patients with Lenke 1A and 2A curve types. Patients with lower Risser sign, larger preoperative LIV-CSVL, and postoperative thoracic hypokyphosis are more likely to develop distal adding-on at 3-year follow-up.

Level of Evidence: 4