bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Extension of the Southern Mariana Margin
Authors: Martinez Fernando , Stern Robert J. , Kelley Katherine A. , Ohara Yashuhiko , Sleeper Jonathan D. , Ribeiro Julia M. , Brounce Maryjo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractExtension within the southern Mariana margin occurs both normal to and parallel to the trench. Trench‐normal extension takes place along focused and broad backarc spreading axes forming crust that is passively accreted to the rigid Philippine Sea plate flank to the northwest. To the southeast, trench‐parallel extension has split apart the Eocene‐Miocene forearc terrain accreting new crust diffusely over a 150–200 km wide zone forming a pervasive volcano‐tectonic fabric oriented at high angles to the trench and the backarc spreading center. Earthquake seismicity indicates active extension over this forearc region and basement samples date young although waning volcanic activity. Such diffuse formation of new oceanic crust and lithosphere is unusual; in most oceanic settings extension rapidly focuses to narrow plate boundary zones—a defining feature of plate tectonics. Diffuse crustal accretion has been inferred to occur during subduction zone infancy, however. We hypothesize that in a near‐trench extensional setting, the continual addition of water from the subducting slab creates a weak overriding hydrous lithosphere that deforms broadly. This process counteracts mantle dehydration and strengthening proposed to occur at mid‐ocean ridges that may help to focus deformation and melt delivery to narrow plate boundary zones. The observations from the southern Mariana margin suggest that where lithosphere is weakened by high water content narrow seafloor spreading centers cannot form. These conditions likely prevail during subduction zone infancy, explaining the diffuse contemporaneous volcanism inferred in this setting.
Cascadia Onshore‐Offshore Site Response, Submarine Sediment Mobilization, and Earthquake Recurrence
Authors: Gomberg J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLocal geologic structure and topography may modify arriving seismic waves. This inherent variation in shaking, or “site response,” may affect the distribution of slope failures and redistribution of submarine sediments. I used seafloor seismic data from the 2011 to 2015 Cascadia Initiative and permanent onshore seismic networks to derive estimates of site response, denoted Sn, in low‐ and high‐frequency (0.02–1 and 1–10 Hz) passbands. For three shaking metrics (peak velocity and acceleration and energy density) Sn varies similarly throughout Cascadia and changes primarily in the direction of convergence, roughly east‐west. In the two passbands, Sn patterns offshore are nearly opposite and range over an order of magnitude or more across Cascadia. Sn patterns broadly may be attributed to sediment resonance and attenuation. This and an abrupt step in the east‐west trend of Sn suggest that changes in topography and structure at the edge of the continental margin significantly impact shaking. These patterns also correlate with gravity lows diagnostic of marginal basins and methane plumes channeled within shelf‐bounding faults. Offshore Sn exceeds that onshore in both passbands, and the steepest slopes and shelf coincide with the relatively greatest and smallest Sn estimates at low and high frequencies, respectively; these results should be considered in submarine shaking‐triggered slope stability failure studies. Significant north‐south Sn variations are not apparent, but sparse sampling does not permit rejection of the hypothesis that the southerly decrease in intervals between shaking‐triggered turbidites and great earthquakes inferred by Goldfinger et al. (2012, 2013, 2016) and Priest et al. (2017) is due to inherently stronger shaking southward.
Measuring Mountain River Discharge Using Seismographs Emplaced Within the Hyporheic Zone
Authors: Anthony R. E. , Aster R. C. , Ryan S. , Rathburn S. , Baker M. G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractFlow and sediment transport dynamics in fluvial systems play critical roles in shaping river morphology, in the design and use of riverine infrastructure, and in the broader management of watersheds. However, these properties are often difficult to measure comprehensively. Previous work has suggested the use of proximal seismic signals resulting from flow and bed load transport to construct more complete records of these fluvial processes. We investigate a small (184 km2; < 20 m3/s), snowmelt‐fed mountain river in the Northern Colorado Rocky Mountains during May–August 2015 to capture peak runoff with colocated measurements of discharge and seismic noise. Three‐component seismometers were placed in close proximity to the channel bank (~1 m) within the hyporheic zone (at times submerged beneath the water table). We recorded a broad spectrum of seismic signals excited by discharge, including novel, low‐frequency (0.1–2 Hz) signals observed predominantly on the horizontal components. The characteristics of these low‐frequency signals are not consistent with an elastically propagating seismic wave. We instead infer that they likely arise from the sensor tilting in response to viscoelastic deformation occurring near the channel and propose large‐scale turbulent eddies as a forcing mechanism. Calibrating horizontal seismic power with hydrograph flow rates over the course of a rainstorm for individual sensors, we demonstrate that these unique signals can be used to accurately estimate river discharge with simple regressions. This technique shows promise for augmenting seismic monitoring of rivers by enabling discharge rates to be estimated from outside the channel using easily deployed and noninvasive seismic instrumentation.
Motion analysis of furniture under seismic excitation using the finite element method
Authors: Isobe Daigoro , Yamashita Takuzo , Tagawa Hiroyuki , Kaneko Mika , Takahashi Toru , Motoyui Shojiro 
Published: January 2018

AbstractImproperly secured furniture, especially on the upper floors of high‐rise buildings under long‐period ground motion, can prove dangerous to human life. Fallen items of furniture such as chairs and desks could become fatal obstacles that prevent efficient evacuation. In this research, an effective numerical code for analyzing the motion of furniture subjected to seismic excitations was developed. The numerical code is based on the adaptively shifted integration — Gauss technique, which is a finite element scheme that provides higher computational efficiency than the conventional code. The frictional contact between objects was fully considered by employing a sophisticated penalty method. Various excitation tests of furniture were conducted on a shake‐table. In the experiments, steel cabinets were excited by seismic waves and displacement data were recorded by a motion capture system. The numerical results were validated through a comparison with the shake‐table test results.
Skin Conformal Polymer Electrodes for Clinical ECG and EEG Recordings
Authors: Stauffer Flurin , Thielen Moritz , Sauter Christina , Chardonnens Séverine , Bachmann Simon , Tybrandt Klas , Peters Christian , Hierold Christofer , Vörös Janos 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPreparation‐free and skin compliant biopotential electrodes with high recording quality enable wearables for future healthcare and the Internet of Humans. Here, super‐soft and self‐adhesive electrodes are presented for use on dry and hairy skin without skin preparation or attachment pressure. The electrodes show a skin‐contact impedance of 50 kΩ cm2 at 10 Hz that is comparable to clinical standard gel electrodes and lower than existing dry electrodes. Microstructured electrodes inspired by grasshopper feet adhere repeatedly to the skin with a force of up to 0.1 N cm−2 without further attachment even during strong movement or deformation of the skin. Skin compliance and adhesive properties of the electrodes result in reduction of noise and motion artifacts superior to other dry electrodes reaching the performance of commercial gel electrodes. The signal quality is demonstrated by recording a high‐fidelity electrocardiograms of a swimmer in water. Furthermore, an electrode with soft macropillars is used to detect alpha activity in the electroencephalograms from the back of the head through dense hair. Compared to gel electrodes, the soft biopotential electrodes are nearly imperceptible to the wearer and cause no skin irritations even after hours of application. The electrodes presented here could combine unobtrusive and long‐term biopotential recordings with clinical‐grade signal performance.
Inexpensive Ruthenium NNS‐Complexes as Efficient Ester Hydrogenation Catalysts with High C=O vs. C=C Selectivities
Authors: Stadler Bernhard M. , Puylaert Pim , Diekamp Justus , van Heck Richard , Fan Yuting , Spannenberg Anke , Hinze Sandra , de Vries Johannes G. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractRu(NNS)(PPh3)Cl2 (NNS=2‐(methylthio)‐N‐(pyridin‐2‐yl‐methyl)ethan‐1‐amine) was employed in the hydrogenation of α,β‐unsaturated esters, reaching selectivities for the allylic alcohol up to 95% in the hydrogenation of iso‐butylcinnamate. In addition, several ester substrates were hydrogenated with catalyst loadings as low as 0.05 mol%. Surprisingly, selectivity of the hydrogenation of the C=O vs the C=C bonds strongly depends on the solvent.magnified image
Follicular lymphoma: 2018 update on diagnosis and management
Authors: Freedman Arnold 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDisease overviewFollicular lymphoma is generally an indolent B cell lymphoproliferative disorder of transformed follicular center B cells. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is characterized by diffuse lymphadenopathy, bone marrow involvement, splenomegaly and less commonly other extranodal sites of involvement. In general, cytopenias can occur but constitutional symptoms of fever, nightsweats, and weight loss are uncommon.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on histology of preferably a biopsy of a lymph node. Immunohistochemical staining is positive in virtually all cases for cell surface CD19, CD20, CD10, and monoclonal immunoglobulin, as well as cytoplasmic expression of bcl‐2 protein. The overwhelming majority of cases have the characteristic t(14;18) translocation involving the IgH/bcl‐2 genes.Risk stratificationThe Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index prognostic model for FL uses five independent predictors of inferior survival: age >60 years, hemoglobin <12 g/dL, serum LDH > normal, Ann Arbor stage III/IV, number of involved nodal areas > 4. The presence of 0, 1, 2, and ≥ 3 adverse factors defines low, intermediate, and high‐risk disease. With the use of more modern therapies, outcomes have improved.Risk‐adapted therapyObservation continues to be adequate for asymptomatic patients with low bulk disease and no cytopenias, with no survival advantage for early treatment with either chemotherapy or rituximab alone. For patients needing therapy, most patients are treated with chemotherapy plus rituximab, which has improved response rates, duration of response and overall survival. Randomized studies have shown additional benefit for maintenance rituximab both following chemotherapy‐rituximab and single agent rituximab. Experimental therapies as well as stem cell transplantation (SCT) are considered for recurrent disease.
55 Year‐old Patient with Intranasal Mass
Authors: Kennedy David W. , Brody Robert 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe patient is a 55 year old female who presented with a right sided intranasal mass in 2014. Surgery was recommended, but the patient cancelled the surgery. She returned three years later with a significant progression of the lesion. What is this lesion and how would you manage it?Five months after resection of the lesion, the patient returns with pulsatile clear mucus visible on nasal endoscopy in the region of the prior mass excision. What does this represent and how should we proceed at this point? Is the patient developing a meningo‐encephalocele?
Deep gray matter volume loss drives disability worsening in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Eshaghi Arman , Prados Ferran , Brownlee Wallace J. , Altmann Daniel R. , Tur Carmen , Cardoso M. Jorge , De Angelis Floriana , van de Pavert Steven H. , Cawley Niamh , De Stefano Nicola , Stromillo M. Laura , Battaglini Marco , Ruggieri Serena , Gasperini Claudio , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria A. , Rovira Alex , Sastre‐Garriga Jaume , Vrenken Hugo , Leurs Cyra E. , Killestein Joep , Pirpamer Lukas , Enzinger Christian , Ourselin Sebastien , Wheeler‐Kingshott Claudia A.M. Gandini , Chard Declan , Thompson Alan J. , Alexander Daniel C. , Barkhof Frederik , Ciccarelli Olga ,   on behalf of the MAGNIMS study group
Published: January 2018

ObjectiveGray matter (GM) atrophy occurs in all multiple sclerosis (MS) phenotypes. We investigated whether there is a spatiotemporal pattern of GM atrophy that is associated with faster disability accumulation in MS.MethodsWe analyzed 3,604 brain high‐resolution T1‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans from 1,417 participants: 1,214 MS patients (253 clinically isolated syndrome [CIS], 708 relapsing‐remitting [RRMS], 128 secondary‐progressive [SPMS], and 125 primary‐progressive [PPMS]), over an average follow‐up of 2.41 years (standard deviation [SD] = 1.97), and 203 healthy controls (HCs; average follow‐up = 1.83 year; SD = 1.77), attending seven European centers. Disability was assessed with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). We obtained volumes of the deep GM (DGM), temporal, frontal, parietal, occipital and cerebellar GM, brainstem, and cerebral white matter. Hierarchical mixed models assessed annual percentage rate of regional tissue loss and identified regional volumes associated with time‐to‐EDSS progression.ResultsSPMS showed the lowest baseline volumes of cortical GM and DGM. Of all baseline regional volumes, only that of the DGM predicted time‐to‐EDSS progression (hazard ratio = 0.73; 95% confidence interval, 0.65, 0.82; p < 0.001): for every standard deviation decrease in baseline DGM volume, the risk of presenting a shorter time to EDSS worsening during follow‐up increased by 27%. Of all longitudinal measures, DGM showed the fastest annual rate of atrophy, which was faster in SPMS (–1.45%), PPMS (–1.66%), and RRMS (–1.34%) than CIS (–0.88%) and HCs (–0.94%; p < 0.01). The rate of temporal GM atrophy in SPMS (–1.21%) was significantly faster than RRMS (–0.76%), CIS (–0.75%), and HCs (–0.51%). Similarly, the rate of parietal GM atrophy in SPMS (–1.24‐%) was faster than CIS (–0.63%) and HCs (–0.23%; all p values <0.05). Only the atrophy rate in DGM in patients was significantly associated with disability accumulation (beta = 0.04; p < 0.001).InterpretationThis large, multicenter and longitudinal study shows that DGM volume loss drives disability accumulation in MS, and that temporal cortical GM shows accelerated atrophy in SPMS than RRMS. The difference in regional GM atrophy development between phenotypes needs to be taken into account when evaluating treatment effect of therapeutic interventions. Ann Neurol 2018;83:210–222
Stereodivergent Synthesis of Tetrahydrofuroindoles through Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Dearomative Formal [3+2] Cycloaddition
Authors: Cheng Qiang , Zhang Fang , Cai Yue , Guo Yin‐Long , You Shu‐Li 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA stereodivergent synthesis of tetrahydrofuroindoles through palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric dearomative formal [3+2] cycloaddition of nitroindoles with epoxybutenes was developed. The polarity of the solvent was found to play a key role in the diastereoselectivity. In toluene, good to excellent yields (70–99 %), diastereoselectivity (87/13‐>95/5 d.r.), and enantioselectivity (85/15–94/6 e.r.) were obtained, regardless of the properties of the substituents on nitroindoles. In acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuroindoles of a different diastereoisomer were produced with good to excellent yields (75–98 %) and stereoselectivity (78/22–93/7 d.r., 93/7–99/1 e.r.). Mechanistic studies were conducted to illustrate the origin of the diastereodivergency. The kinetic experiments indicate that the rate‐determining step of this reaction is different in different solvents. ESI‐MS experiments also support the existence of key palladium complex intermediates and the catalytic cycle of the reaction.
Implementing a Perioperative Nursing Student Summer Internship
Authors: Nash Janice , Kamel Teya C. , Sherer Joanne , Nauer Kathleen 
Published: January 2018

AbstractUsing qualitative research and a collaborative academic service partnership, we created an innovative 120‐hour perioperative nursing summer internship for eight undergraduate nursing students in 2016. Recognizing that perioperative exposure is limited in the traditional baccalaureate program, this unpaid internship served to clarify student perceptions of perioperative nursing care and encourage graduates to meet perioperative workforce demands. We based the theoretical and practical student learning experiences on the AORN Periop 101 learning modules and included faculty‐led discussions, student journaling, and onsite precepted clinical activities. Evaluation data revealed that students achieved an enhanced awareness of perioperative nursing, and a majority of the participants expressed a desire to enter the perioperative field after graduation. We suggest that stakeholders continue to strategize ways to maximize educational preparation to address the evolving health care market supply and demand.
Assessing Use Errors Related to the Interface Design of Electrosurgical Units
Authors: Estock Jamie L. , Li Airan , Casey Maureen C. , Taylor Matthew A. , Boudreaux‐Kelly Monique Y. , Choma Martin D. , Jacobs Katrina , Eibling David E. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMedical device use errors, such as instrument connection errors made with electrosurgical units (ESUs), can lead to adverse events. Current device acquisition processes at health care facilities do not typically include a proactive evaluation of use‐error risk before device purchase. We conducted an evaluation to identify ESU user interface design features that can help prevent or mitigate instrument connection errors during clinical care. Thirty‐six current ESU users participated in the evaluation. We used a randomized crossover design in which each participant used two ESU models in a simulated OR scenario. We compared participants’ instrument connection accuracy, efficiency, and subjective feedback regarding the user interface design across the two ESU models. Overall, we found that the ESU model that incorporated more user interface design principles resulted in better performance and increased acceptance from users. Based on the results, we designed a decision‐support tool to assess the risk of instrument connection errors before ESU purchase.
Surface grafting of styrene on polypropylene by argon plasma and its adsorption and regeneration of BTX
Authors: Luo Zhengwei , Chen Haonan , Xu Jianjian , Guo Mulin , Lian Zhouyang , Wei Wuji , Zhang Binghua 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTActive macromolecular free radicals were generated on polypropylene (PP) fiber surfaces by argon plasma irradiation, and surface‐modified PP fibers (PP‐g‐St fibers) were prepared by in situ grafting reaction of styrene monomers (St). The prepared samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, NMR, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Effects of reaction parameters on grafting percentage were studied, and adsorption capacities of PP‐g‐St fibers for benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) were evaluated. Regeneration adsorption efficiencies after adsorption of pure BTX and BTX emulsion and solution in water were explored. The results indicated that, using pure St as the monomer, the optimum input power, irradiation time, and grafting reaction time are 90 W, 3 min, and 3 h, respectively, and the grafting percentage of St reached 5.7% when pure St was used. The characterization results demonstrated that St was grafted onto the surface of the PP fibers. Compared to pristine PP fibers, the adsorption capacities of PP‐g‐St fibers toward toluene and xylene emulsions and solutions in water increased. In addition, regeneration adsorption efficiencies of modified fibers remained >90% after six cycles of regeneration adsorption experiments, which showed excellent regeneration ability. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46171.
Multi‐analytical approach for the morphological, molecular, and mechanical characterization after photo‐oxidation of polymers used in artworks
Authors: Saviello Daniela , Andena Luca , Gastaldi Dario , Toniolo Lucia , Goidanich Sara 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTFor a proper preservation of plastics objects, it is essential to study the degradation processes involved in both exposed and hidden areas of the polymeric materials. In fact, surface properties can differ significantly from the bulk and can have a strong effect on the artistic perception and the correct conservation strategy. In this work, a multi‐analytical investigation, including spectroscopic techniques, optical, and electronic microscopic observations and mechanical tests, was carried out to deeply investigate changes in the physic‐chemical and mechanical surface properties of selected polymers used in design objects and contemporary artworks. Accelerated photo‐oxidative ageing was performed on acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polypropylene (PP), high density polyethylene, and linear low density polyethylene. Overall, the analyzed materials have shown different behaviors following photo‐oxidation. The molecular and microscopic analyses highlighted the formation of different products of oxidation due to the dissimilar patterns of ageing leading to surface cracking and strong yellowing of the specimen, mainly for ABS, PVC, and PP. Moreover, mechanical properties, such as the variation of hardness and elastic modulus, were investigated at different depth scales (from 100 down to 1 µm) by using different techniques such as microscratch, micro‐, and nanoindentation. The selected polymers showed different mechanical behavior at different depth scales. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46194.
In Situ Growth of MnO2 Nanosheets on N‐Doped Carbon Nanotubes Derived from Polypyrrole Tubes for Supercapacitors
Authors: Ou Xu , Li Qi , Xu Dan , Guo Jiangna , Yan Feng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNitrogen‐doped porous carbon nanotubes@MnO2 (N‐CNTs@MnO2) nanocomposites are prepared through the in situ growth of MnO2 nanosheets on N‐CNTs derived from polypyrrole nanotubes (PNTs). Benefiting from the synergistic effects between N‐CNTs (high conductivity and N doping level) and MnO2 nanosheets (high theoretical capacity), the as‐prepared N‐CNTs@MnO2‐800 nanocomposites show a specific capacitance of 219 F g−1 at a current density of 1.0 A g−1, which is higher than that of pure MnO2 nanosheets (128 F g−1) and PNTs (42 F g−1) in 0.5 m Na2SO4 solution. Meanwhile, the capacitance retention of 86.8 % (after 1000 cycles at 10 A g−1) indicates an excellent electrochemical performance of N‐CNTs@MnO2 prepared in this work.