bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extreme rainfall and snowfall alter responses of soil respiration to nitrogen fertilization: a 3‐year field experiment
Authors: Chen Zengming , Xu Yehong , Zhou Xuhui , Tang Jianwu , Kuzyakov Yakov , Yu Hongyan , Fan Jianling , Ding Weixin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractExtreme precipitation is predicted to be more frequent and intense accompanying global warming and may have profound impacts on soil respiration (Rs) and its components, that is, autotrophic (Ra) and heterotrophic (Rh) respiration. However, how natural extreme rainfall or snowfall events affect these fluxes are still lacking, especially under nitrogen (N) fertilization. In this study, extreme rainfall and snowfall events occurred during a 3‐year field experiment, allowing us to examine their effects on the response of Rs, Rh, and Ra to N supply. In normal rainfall years of 2011/2012 and 2012/2013, N fertilization significantly stimulated Rs by 23.9% and 10.9%, respectively. This stimulation was mainly due to the increase of Ra because of N‐induced increase in plant biomass. In the record wet year of 2013/2014, however, Rs was independent on N supply because of the inhibition effect of the extreme rainfall event. Compared with those in other years, Rh and Ra were reduced by 36.8% and 59.1%, respectively, which were likely related to the anoxic stress on soil microbes and decreased photosynthates supply. Although N supply did not affect annual Rh, the response ratio (RR) of Rh flux to N fertilization decreased firstly during growing season, increased in nongrowing season and peaked during spring thaw in each year. Nongrowing season Rs and Rh contributed 5.5–16.4% to their annual fluxes and were higher in 2012/2013 than other years due to the extreme snowfall inducing higher soil moisture during spring thaw. The RR of nongrowing season Rs and Rh decreased in years with extreme snowfall or rainfall compared to those in normal years. Overall, our results highlight the significant effects of extreme precipitation on responses of Rs and its components to N fertilization, which should be incorporated into models to improve the prediction of carbon‐climate feedbacks.
Long‐term enhanced winter soil frost alters growing season CO2 fluxes through its impact on vegetation development in a boreal peatland
Authors: Zhao Junbin , Peichl Matthias , Nilsson Mats B. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAt high latitudes, winter climate change alters snow cover and, consequently, may cause a sustained change in soil frost dynamics. Altered winter soil conditions could influence the ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) and, in turn, provide feedbacks to ongoing climate change. To investigate the mechanisms that modify the peatland CO2 exchange in response to altered winter soil frost, we conducted a snow exclusion experiment to enhance winter soil frost and to evaluate its short‐term (1–3 years) and long‐term (11 years) effects on CO2 fluxes during subsequent growing seasons in a boreal peatland. In the first 3 years after initiating the treatment, no significant effects were observed on either gross primary production (GPP) or ecosystem respiration (ER). However, after 11 years, the temperature sensitivity of ER was reduced in the treatment plots relative to the control, resulting in an overall lower ER in the former. Furthermore, early growing season GPP was also lower in the treatment plots than in the controls during periods with photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) ≥800 μmol m−2 s−1, corresponding to lower sedge leaf biomass in the treatment plots during the same period. During the peak growing season, a higher GPP was observed in the treatment plots under the low light condition (i.e. PPFD 400 μmol m−2 s−1) compared to the control. As Sphagnum moss maximizes photosynthesis at low light levels, this GPP difference between the plots may have been due to greater moss photosynthesis, as indicated by greater moss biomass production, in the treatment plots relative to the controls. Our study highlights the different responses to enhanced winter soil frost among plant functional types which regulate CO2 fluxes, suggesting that winter climate change could considerably alter the growing season CO2 exchange in boreal peatlands through its effect on vegetation development.
Clonal reticulohistiocytosis of the skin and bone marrow associated with systemic mastocytosis and acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Fusco Nicola , Bonometti Arturo , Augello Claudia , Fabris Sonia , Boiocchi Leonardo , Fiori Stefano , Morotti Denise , Fracchiolla Nicola , Berti Emilio , Gianelli Umberto 
Published: January 2017

AimsThe aims of this study were to define whether diffuse cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis could be underpinned by somatic genetic alterations and represent a precursor of more aggressive forms of disease.Methods and resultsA 59‐year‐old man with diffuse cutaneous reticulohistiocytosis experienced bone marrow localization of the disease, with associated systemic mastocytosis and acute myeloid leukaemia. Cytogenetic analyses of the bone marrow aspirate revealed the presence of a derivative chromosome giving rise to a partial trisomy of chromosome 1q and a partial monosomy of chromosome 9q. Therefore, we characterized the cutaneous lesions before and after chemotherapy by using an integrative approach combining histopathology, electron microscopy, and fluorescence in‐situ hybridization. Histologically, the skin lesions belonged to the spectrum of diffuse cutaneous reticulohistiocytoses, as confirmed by immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analyses. Fluorescence in‐situ hybridization in the skin nodules confirmed the presence of the genetic alterations previously detected in the bone marrow.ConclusionsHere, we provide circumstantial evidence to suggest that at least a subset of cutaneous reticulohistiocytoses harbour clonal molecular alterations. Furthermore, we confirm that these lesions have the potential to arise in the setting of concurrent haematological disorders. In this hypothesis‐generating study, two possible tumorigenesis models are proposed.
Providing opportunistic immunisations for at‐risk inpatients in a tertiary paediatric hospital
Authors: Elia Sonja , Perrett Kirsten , Newall Fiona 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAttaining high immunisation coverage rates for children with medical conditions is vital. The Royal Children's Hospital (RCH) Immunisation Service has the opportunity to check each inpatient's immunisation status and provide opportunistic vaccines and/or bring the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) up‐to‐date. This paper highlights that during admission, one quarter of children were not up‐to‐date with routine scheduled immunisations and 42% of those inpatients due or overdue for immunisation were vaccinated. The model of establishing routine checking of immunisation records and reminding hospital staff about immunisation can result in improvements in vaccination coverage. Healthcare providers have a responsibility to check immunisation status and offer vaccines when necessary; however, often there are missed opportunities to immunise. This paper demonstrates that having a dedicated Immunisation Service, a partnership with a relevant government agency, and effective collaboration with inpatient clinical teams, opportunistic immunisation can be achieved for inpatients.
Analogy in Thomas Aquinas and Ludwig Wittgenstein. A comparison
Authors: Drescher Frank 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to illustrate the concept of analogy in the late works of St. Thomas Aquinas, i.e., in his two Summas, and to go on to compare this with Ludwig Wittgenstein's concept of “family resemblance” (“Familienähnlichkeit”), in order to reveal some interesting similarities between the named linguistic‐philosophical concepts of these two very different thinkers.
Classifying Gestational Weight Gain Trajectories Using theSITARGrowth Model
Authors: Riddell Corinne A , Platt Robert W. , Bodnar Lisa M. , Hutcheon Jennifer A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBackgroundGestational weight gain is often characterized by the total amount of weight gained during pregnancy, however, the pattern of gain may be an important determinant of health outcomes. TheSITAR(Super Imposition by Translation And Rotation) model has been used to describe childhood growth trajectories and has appeal because of the biological interpretability of its parameters. The objective of this study was to determine the feasibility of applying this model to gestational weight gain trajectories.MethodsThe study cohort included 3470 normal‐weight, overweight, and obese women delivering at Magee‐Womens Hospital in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 1998 to 2010. We applied theSITARmodel, a non‐linear mixed effects model, to serial prenatal weight gain measurements in each pre‐pregnancy body mass index (BMI) category. We fit models of varying complexity, and chose the best‐fitting model to describe the pattern of weight gain (by its absolute amount, timing, and acceleration) for eachBMIgroup.ResultsThe most complexSITARmodels failed to converge, but reduced models could successfully be fit by specifying fewer random effects and simplifying the modelling of gestational age. Best‐fitting models for eachBMIgroup explained between 95% and 97% of the variation in weight gain trajectories. Peak rates of weight gain were reached between the 20th and 22nd weeks, and were higher for normal and overweight women (0.59 kg/week and 0.57 kg/week, respectively) than obese women (0.46 kg/week).ConclusionsFollowing some modifications, theSITARmodel can be used to characterize pregnancy weight gain patterns.
Evolution of UhpC‐type hexose‐phosphate transporters in dinoflagellates
Authors: Hirakawa Yoshihisa , Nakayama Takuro , Keilert Nadine , Ishida Ken‐ichiro 
Published: January 2017

SUMMARYPrimary plastids of the group Archaeplastida are descendants of a single cyanobacterial endosymbiont, while many other algal groups have obtained complex plastids, the so‐called secondary plastids, via several parallel endosymbiotic uptakes of primary plastid‐bearing algae. Integration of the endosymbiont into its host during primary and secondary endosymbiosis necessitated the establishment of transport mechanisms for metabolites, inorganic ions, and proteins across plastid envelope membranes. As a potential protein for exporting photosynthates out of primary plastids, homologs of bacterial UhpC‐type hexose‐phosphate transporters were found in algal members of the Archaeplastida. It has been proposed that plastidic UhpC‐type transporters have been acquired in the common ancestor of Archaeplastida by the lateral gene transfer from a bacterial lineage closely related to Chlamydiae. However, it remains unknown whether secondary plastid‐bearing organisms possess UhpC‐type transporters. In the present study, we investigated homologous genes of UhpC in diverse algae using available genome and transcriptome data. Our homology survey and phylogenetic analyses revealed that only dinoflagellates possess UhpC‐type transporters derived from an archaeplastidal lineage, whereas many other secondary plastid‐bearing organisms lack them. It is possible that UhpC‐type transporters are not essential in many secondary plastids because of the existence of other families of sugar phosphate transporters.
Self‐Determination and Sovereignty over Natural Resources
Authors: Angeli Oliviero 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThis article makes the normative case for a differentiated approach to the sovereignty of states over natural resources. In the first half of the article, drawing on the example of the Yasuní‐ITT‐Initiative, I will argue that countries commit a moral wrong when they exploit natural resources for their own benefit (and to the detriment of the climate), but that they have the moral right to do so given the current structure of the international system. In the second half of the article, I address the question of whether states' rights over natural resources can be justified. Central to my argument will be the distinction between “control rights” and “income rights.” Only control rights, I will argue, can be justified as inherently tied to collective self‐determination.
The rise of the Brazilian Network for Ecological Restoration (REBRE): what Brazilian restorationists have learned from networking
Authors: Isernhagen Ingo , Moraes Luiz Fernando Duarte , Engel Vera Lex 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAs ecological restoration is gaining importance worldwide, researchers, practitioners, and interested people are beginning to self‐organize, in order to exchange knowledge and experiences in this growing area. Latin America has recently shown some examples, and the Brazilian Network for Ecological Restoration (REBRE) is one of them. Working on a nonhierarchical basis, its members, some of whom are important actors in the proposing and implementing of public policies, are able to freely express their doubts and share experiences, thereby contributing to legislative improvements, developing relevant restoration initiatives, and adopting novel approaches and paradigms. Through its three main communication platforms (website, Google Groups, and Facebook), REBRE has reached more than 2,300 members, and although a more equitable distribution through Brazilian regions should still be reached, it is gradually becoming stronger and more representative. In this scenario, REBRE will act with its branch organization, SOBRE (Brazilian Society for Ecological Restoration), to host the next Society for Ecological Restoration Conference, to be held in Brazil, in 2017, exchanging relevant experiences and welcoming restorationists from all over the world.
Use of an intravenous sclerosing foam (3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate) for treatment of orbital varix in a dog
Authors: Saunders Rebecca S. , Scansen Brian A. , Jung Stephen S. , Khabiri Hooman , Wilkie David A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA 6‐month‐old intact male Standard Dachshund was referred for evaluation of a soft tissue swelling above the right eye. Examination of the right eye revealed mild lateral deviation of the globe, normal vision, and a dorsonasal soft tissue swelling. Examination of the posterior segment was normal. Dual‐phase computed tomography angiography was consistent with an orbital varix of the angularis oculi and right dorsal external ophthalmic veins with no evidence of arterial involvement. Treatment involved fluoroscopically guided coil embolization of the venous outflow with nine platinum microcoils, followed by sclerotherapy of the varix using 1.5 mL of 3% sodium tetradecyl sulfate foam. Moderate‐to‐marked swelling was noted at the treatment site in the weeks following therapy, which gradually resolved. At final reexamination 3 months post‐therapy, complete sclerosis and resolution of the orbital varix were documented. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first reported case involving the use of a sclerotic agent for successful treatment of a venous malformation in a dog.
Effect of dorsal laminectomy and dorsal annulectomy with partial lumbosacral discectomy on the volume of the lateral intervertebral neuroforamina in dogs when the lumbosacral junction is extended
Authors: Worth Andrew J. , Hartman Angela , Bridges Janis P. , Jones Boyd R. , Mayhew Joe I. G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the effect of dorsal annulectomy and partial discectomy on the volume of the lumbosacral lateral intervertebral neurovascular foramina (intervertebral foramina) in canine cadavers during extension of the lumbosacral junction.Study DesignEx vivo experiment.Sample Population: Lumbosacral specimens from 10 large breed dogs euthanatized for reasons unrelated to lumbosacral disease.MethodsThe lumbosacral specimens were clamped in a wooden jig and scanned using computed tomography (CT) with the lumbosacral junction in a neutral position and loaded in extension using a tensioning device. The 3‐dimensional volumes of the lumbosacral intervertebral neurovascular foramina were measured and the extent of any disc degeneration was determined from the CT data. A limited dorsal laminectomy of S1 and a dorsal LS annulectomy and partial discectomy were then performed. The lumbosacral specimens were remounted into the jig and loaded into extension at the same tension and were re‐scanned. Measurements of intervertebral foraminal volume were then repeated.ResultsThe mean volume of the lumbosacral foramina (n = 20) was 381 mm3 in neutral (unloaded) positioning and 137 mm3 when loaded in extension. Following dorsal annulectomy, the mean volume was significantly reduced by a mean of 28% to 98 mm3 (P < .01). The foraminal volume was reduced in 19/20 lumbosacral foramen, with the post‐annulectomy volume ranging from 31% to 97% of the pre‐annulectomy volume (3%‐69% reduction).ConclusionsThis study suggests that a dorsal annulectomy with partial discectomy may induce further dynamic collapse of the lumbosacral articulation in the dog.
Joint stability after canine cranial cruciate ligament graft reconstruction varies among femoral fixation sites
Authors: Ho‐Eckart Louisa K. , Seki Masahiro , Luizza Lindsey , Kearney Michael T. , Lopez Mandi J. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo quantify stability in cranial cruciate ligament (CrCL) deficient canine stifles with hamstring grafts affixed at 3 femoral locations.Study DesignCanine stifle motion study using a multi‐cohort, repeated measures design.Sample Population27 canine cadaver stifles.MethodsHamstring grafts (HG) were affixed at the gracilis‐semitendinosus insertion and on the lateral femur (1) proximal trochlear ridge (TR), (2) craniodistal to fabella (F), or (3) condyle center (CC). Total, cranial, and caudal tibial translation and total, medial, and lateral angular displacement, with and without translational load, were quantified with the CrCL intact, transected, and reconstructed. Angular displacement was quantified from points on the distal femur and proximal tibia. Graft strain was calculated from tissue displacement measured at joint angles of 30°, 60°, 90°, and 120°.ResultsTibial translation was lowest in F constructs, which also achieved the least difference in tibial translation from intact stifles. Tibial translation was lower in intact stifles than in CrCL transected or reconstructed stifles. Less angular displacement of the proximal tibia was detected in the medial than in the lateral direction, and tibial displacement was lower in the cranial than the caudal direction. Angular displacement was lowest in the F treatment group. F constructs had the lowest graft strain at joint angles greater than 30°.ConclusionsFemoral fixation of a canine hamstring graft craniodistal to the lateral fabella conferred the best joint stability and lowest graft strain in vitro. No fixation method restored joint stability of the intact CrCL.
Hypoxia and cellular metabolism in tumour pathophysiology
Authors: Parks Scott K. , Cormerais Yann , Pouysségur Jacques 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCancer cells are optimised for growth and survival via an ability to outcompete normal cells in their microenvironment. Many of these advantageous cellular adaptations are promoted by the pathophysiological hypoxia that arises in solid tumours due to incomplete vascularisation. Tumour cells are thus faced with the challenge of an increased need for nutrients to support the drive for proliferation in the face of a diminished extracellular supply. Among the many modifications occurring in tumour cells, hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) act as essential drivers of key pro‐survival pathways via the promotion of numerous membrane and cytosolic proteins. Here we focus our attention on two areas: the role of amino acid uptake and the handling of metabolic acid (CO2/H+) production. We provide evidence for a number of hypoxia‐induced proteins that promote cellular anabolism and regulation of metabolic acid–base levels in tumour cells including amino‐acid transporters (LAT1), monocarboxylate transporters, and acid–base regulating carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and bicarbonate transporters (NBCs). Emphasis is placed on current work manipulating multiple CA isoforms and NBCs, which is at an interesting crossroads of gas physiology as they are regulated by hypoxia to contribute to the cellular handling of CO2 and pHi regulation. Our research combined with others indicates that targeting of HIF‐regulated membrane proteins in tumour cells will provide promising future anti‐cancer therapeutic approaches and we suggest strategies that could be potentially used to enhance these tactics.image
Flavivirus Infection Uncouples Translation Suppression from Cellular Stress Responses
Authors: Roth Hanna , Magg Vera , Uch Fabian , Mutz Pascal , Klein Philipp , Haneke Katharina , Lohmann Volker , Bartenschlager Ralf , Fackler Oliver T. , Locker Nicolas , Stoecklin Georg , Ruggieri Alessia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

As obligate parasites, viruses strictly depend on host cell translation for the production of new progeny, yet infected cells also synthesize antiviral proteins to limit virus infection. Modulation of host cell translation therefore represents a frequent strategy by which viruses optimize their replication and spread. Here we sought to define how host cell translation is regulated during infection of human cells with dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), two positive-strand RNA flaviviruses. Polysome profiling and analysis of
de novo
protein synthesis revealed that flavivirus infection causes potent repression of host cell translation, while synthesis of viral proteins remains efficient. Selective repression of host cell translation was mediated by the DENV polyprotein at the level of translation initiation. In addition, DENV and ZIKV infection suppressed host cell stress responses such as the formation of stress granules and phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor eIF2α (α subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2). Mechanistic analyses revealed that translation repression was uncoupled from the disruption of stress granule formation and eIF2α signaling. Rather, DENV infection induced p38-Mnk1 signaling that resulted in the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E and was essential for the efficient production of virus particles. Together, these results identify the uncoupling of translation suppression from the cellular stress responses as a conserved strategy by which flaviviruses ensure efficient replication in human cells.

IMPORTANCE
For efficient production of new progeny, viruses need to balance their dependency on the host cell translation machinery with potentially adverse effects of antiviral proteins produced by the infected cell. To achieve this, many viruses evolved mechanisms to manipulate host cell translation. Here we find that infection of human cells with two major human pathogens, dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), leads to the potent repression of host cell translation initiation, while the synthesis of viral protein remains unaffected. Unlike other RNA viruses, these flaviviruses concomitantly suppress host cell stress responses, thereby uncoupling translation suppression from stress granule formation. We identified that the p38-Mnk1 cascade regulating phosphorylation of eIF4E is a target of DENV infection and plays an important role in virus production. Our results define several molecular interfaces by which flaviviruses hijack host cell translation and interfere with stress responses to optimize the production of new virus particles.