bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of inhalational anesthesia on blood gases and pH in California sea lions
Authors: Ponganis Paul J. , McDonald Birgitte I. , Tift Michael S. , Gonzalez Sara C. , DaValle Brandon , Gliniecki Ross A. , Stehman Charles C. , Hauff Niels , Ruddick Benjamin , Howard Robert 
Published: February 2017

AbstractDespite the widespread use of inhalational anesthesia with spontaneous ventilation in many studies of otariid pinnipeds, the effects and risks of anesthetic‐induced respiratory depression on blood gas and pH regulation are unknown in these animals. During such anesthesia in California sea lions (Zalophus californianus), blood gas and pH analyses of opportunistic blood samples revealed routine hypercarbia (highest PCO2 = 128 mm Hg [17.1 kPa]), but adequate arterial oxygenation (PO2 > 100 mm Hg [13.3 kPa] on 100% inspiratory oxygen). Respiratory acidosis (lowest pH = 7.05) was limited by the increased buffering capacity of sea lion blood. A markedly widened alveolar‐to‐arterial PO2 difference was indicative of atelectasis and ventilation‐perfusion mismatch in the lung secondary to hypoventilation during anesthesia. Despite the generally safe track record of this anesthetic regimen in the past, these findings demonstrate the value of high inspiratory O2 concentrations and the necessity of constant vigilance and caution. In order to avoid hypoxemia, we emphasize the importance of late extubation or at least maintenance of mask ventilation on O2 until anesthetic‐induced respiratory depression is resolved. In this regard, whether for planned or emergency application, we also describe a simple, easily employed intubation technique with the Casper “zalophoscope” for sea lions.
My neighbour, the criminal: how memories of the 1991–1995 conflict in Croatia affect attitudes towards the Serb minority
Authors: Sokolić Ivor 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates how Croats view the minority Serb population in Croatia. It is based on focus groups, dyads and interviews conducted in Croatia in 2014 and 2015. Serbs constitute the ‘other’ to Croatian identity, which is defined primarily through language and religion. The analysis finds that the predominant war narrative related to the 1991–1995 conflict, one of defence against a larger Serbian aggressor, influences both of these notions of identity, as well as perceptions of the Serb minority in the state. Participants displayed contradictory attitudes in a discourse that featured many key facets of the war narrative. Most respondents agreed that Serbs should be equal members of Croatian society, but they also did not believe Cyrillic signs should be put up in Vukovar. The introduction of bilingual signs both reduced trust in government institutions and was interpreted as a continued threat against the Croatian people and state.
Nonlinearity and asymmetry in the exchange rate pass‐through: What role for nominal price stickiness?
Authors: Razafindrabe Tovonony 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the importance of nominal rigidity for nonlinearity and asymmetry of exchange rate pass‐through. For this purpose, we rely on company‐level data of French importing firms. We find that the well established fact that “prices rise faster than they fall,” which is characterized by the convex import price reaction function, lies primarily with the presence of nominal rigidity. Once price stickiness is controlled for, there is empirical evidence that the import price reaction function is rather concave if the linearity assumption can be rejected, indicating that firms aim primarily to protect their market share.
Lasting impact of an implemented self‐management programme for people with type 2 diabetes referred from primary care: a one‐group, before–after design
Authors: Fløde Mari , Iversen Marjolein M. , Aarflot Morten , Haltbakk Johannes 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundResearch interventions in uniform clinical settings and in patients fulfilling well‐defined inclusion criteria might show a more pronounced effect than implementing the same intervention in existing practice. Diabetes Self‐Management Education (DSME) is complex, and should be assessed in existing practice as it is an intervention widely implemented.ObjectivesTo examine the impact of an established group‐based DSME in unselected people with type 2 diabetes referred from primary care.MethodA one‐group, before–after design was used for assessments before, immediately after, and 3 months after participation in a group‐based DSME programme conducted at two Learning and Mastering Centres in Norway between November 2013 and June 2014. Participants completed a questionnaire before (n = 115), immediately after (n = 95) and 3 months after (n = 42) the DSME programme. Primary outcome measure was diabetes knowledge (Michigan Diabetes Knowledge Test). Also patient activation (Patient Activation Measure [PAM]) and self‐efficacy (General Self‐Efficacy scale [GSE]) were measured. Changes in outcome measures were analysed using paired t‐tests for normally distributed data and Wilcoxon signed‐rank test for skewed data.ResultsMean knowledge improved significantly from baseline (p < 0.001). Changes persisted at the 3‐month assessment. Mean PAM scores improved significantly from baseline (p < 0.001), and changes persisted for 3 months. Mean GSE scores improved from baseline (p = 0.022) and persisted for 3 months. However, when results were stratified for participants who responded at all three time points, GSE showed no change during the study period.ConclusionThe complexity self‐management in the individual is challenging to reflect in DSME. This implemented DSME programme for people with type 2 diabetes improved levels of diabetes knowledge and patient activation, persisting for at least 3 months. Hence, the DSME programme appears to be robust beyond standardised research settings, in educating unselected diabetes patients referred from primary care.
Audit of provincial IVIG Request Forms and efficacy documentation in four Ontario tertiary care centres
Authors: Shih A. W. , Jamula E. , Diep C. , Lin Y. , Armali C. , Heddle N. M. , Traore A. , Doherty J. , Shah N. , Hillis C. M. 
Published: February 2017

SUMMARYObjectiveRetrospective audit of IVIG Request Forms in four Ontario tertiary care centres: to determine the case mix of new IVIG requests, to authenticate information provided, and to determine documentation of clinical efficacy.AimsTo understand contributors to increases in IVIG utilisation and to determine whether IVIG is being used and monitored appropriately.IntroductionIntravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) use in Canada is high compared with other developed countries. We performed a retrospective audit of new IVIG Request Forms across four tertiary care centres in Ontario, one with an active surveillance programme, to determine the case mix, authenticate information provided and assess documentation of efficacy.MethodsConsecutive adult patients with a first‐time IVIG request in 2014 were included. The ordering physician specialty, form completeness, documentation of diagnostic criteria for the medical condition and indication for IVIG use and documentation of efficacy were assessed by form and chart review.ResultsOf 178 patients, the most common indications for IVIG were immune thrombocytopenia (24.2%) and secondary immune deficiency (20.2%). The most frequent prescribers were haematologists (37.6%) and neurologists (10.7%). Other conditions not listed on the form represented 24.2% of cases, with most not indicated in current guidelines. A total of 32.6% of cases overall lacked verification of diagnostic criteria and 51.7% lacked verification for IVIG utilisation criteria, with the number of cases meeting criteria based on documentation being higher at the active surveillance site (P = 0.005). A total of 19.1% of cases had a discrepancy between the indication written on the form and the documented clinical diagnosis. A total of 18.7% of clinic notes following IVIG had no mention of efficacy.ConclusionOur audit demonstrates a lack of compliance with IVIG Request Form requirements, a lack of documentation of diagnostic criteria and efficacy, and suggests inappropriate use of IVIG. Current implementation of the form may not be sufficient as a strategy for improving appropriate IVIG use.
In vitro evaluation of square and surgeon's knots in large gauge suture
Authors: Gillen Alex M. , Munsterman Amelia S. , Farag Ramsis , Coleridge Matthew O. D. , Hanson R. Reid 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the strength and size of surgeon's and square knots for starting and ending continuous suture lines using large gauge suture.Study DesignIn vitro mechanical study.Study PopulationKnotted suture.MethodsSurgeon's and square knots were tested using 2 and 3 USP polyglactin 910 and 2 USP polydioxanone under linear tension on a universal testing machine. Failure mode and knot holding capacity (KHC) were recorded, and relative knot security (RKS) was calculated as a percentage of KHC. Comparisons were made between number of throws, suture size, suture type, and knot types. Knot volume and weight were assessed by a digital micrometer and balance, respectively.ResultsThere were no significant differences in KHC (P = .295), RKS (P = .307), volume (P = .128), or weight (P = .310) between square and surgeon's knots at the start or end of suture lines with the same number of throws and suture type. A minimum of 6 throws were required for start knots and 7 throws at end knots to prevent unraveling. Knots tied with 3 polyglactin 910 were strongest (P < .001) and 2 polyglactin 910 produced knots with higher KHC and RKS than 2 polydioxanone (P < .001).ConclusionNo consistent differences were detected between knots types tied with the same suture material; however, number of throws affected KHC and RKS up to 6 throws in start or 7 throws in end knots. The configuration of square and surgeon's knots performed at the end of a continuous line alters their KHC, supporting the use of additional throws for knot security.
ICE: A Scalable, Low-Cost FPGA-Based Telescope Signal Processing and Networking System
Authors: Bandura K. , Bender A. N. , Cliche J. F. , de Haan T. , Dobbs M. A. , Gilbert A. J. , Griffin S. , Hsyu G. , Ittah D. , Parra J. Mena , Montgomery J. , Pinsonneault-Marotte T. , Siegel S. , Smecher G. , Tang Q. Y. , Vanderlinde K. , Whitehorn N. 
Published: February 2017

We present an overview of the ‘ICE’ hardware and software framework that implements large arrays of interconnected field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based data acquisition, signal processing and networking nodes economically. The system was conceived for application to radio, millimeter and sub-millimeter telescope readout systems that have requirements beyond typical off-the-shelf processing systems, such as careful control of interference signals produced by the digital electronics, and clocking of all elements in the system from a single precise observatory-derived oscillator. A new generation of telescopes operating at these frequency bands and designed with a vastly increased emphasis on digital signal processing to support their detector multiplexing technology or high-bandwidth correlators — data rates exceeding a terabyte per second — are becoming common. The ICE system is built around a custom FPGA motherboard that makes use of an Xilinx Kintex-7 FPGA and ARM-based co-processor. The system is specialized for specific applications through software, firmware and custom mezzanine daughter boards that interface to the FPGA through the industry-standard FPGA mezzanine card (FMC) specifications. For high density applications, the motherboards are packaged in 16-slot crates with ICE backplanes that implement a low-cost passive full-mesh network between the motherboards in a crate, allow high bandwidth interconnection between crates and enable data offload to a computer cluster. A Python-based control software library automatically detects and operates the hardware in the array. Examples of specific telescope applications of the ICE framework are presented, namely the frequency-multiplexed bolometer readout systems used for the South Pole Telescope (SPT) and Simons Array and the digitizer, F-engine, and networking engine for the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) and Hydrogen Intensity and Real-time Analysis eXperiment (HIRAX) radio interferometers.
Gravity dependence of the effect of optokinetic stimulation on the subjective visual vertical
Authors: Ward Bryan K. , Bockisch Christopher J. , Caramia Nicoletta , Bertolini Giovanni , Tarnutzer Alexander Andrea 
Published: February 2017

Accurate and precise estimates of direction of gravity are essential for spatial orientation. According to Bayesian theory, multisensory vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive input is centrally integrated in a weighted fashion based on the reliability of the component sensory signals. For otolithic input, a decreasing signal-to-noise ratio was demonstrated with increasing roll angle. We hypothesized that the weights of vestibular (otolithic) and extravestibular (visual/proprioceptive) sensors are roll-angle dependent and predicted an increased weight of extravestibular cues with increasing roll angle, potentially following the Bayesian hypothesis. To probe this concept, the subjective visual vertical (SVV) was assessed in different roll positions (≤ ± 120°, steps = 30°, n = 10) with/without presenting an optokinetic stimulus (velocity = ± 60°/s). The optokinetic stimulus biased the SVV toward the direction of stimulus rotation for roll angles ≥ ± 30° ( P < 0.005). Offsets grew from 3.9 ± 1.8° (upright) to 22.1 ± 11.8° (±120° roll tilt, P < 0.001). Trial-to-trial variability increased with roll angle, demonstrating a nonsignificant increase when providing optokinetic stimulation. Variability and optokinetic bias were correlated ( R2 = 0.71, slope = 0.71, 95% confidence interval = 0.57–0.86). An optimal-observer model combining an optokinetic bias with vestibular input reproduced measured errors closely. These findings support the hypothesis of a weighted multisensory integration when estimating direction of gravity with optokinetic stimulation. Visual input was weighted more when vestibular input became less reliable, i.e., at larger roll-tilt angles. However, according to Bayesian theory, the variability of combined cues is always lower than the variability of each source cue. If the observed increase in variability, although nonsignificant, is true, either it must depend on an additional source of variability, added after SVV computation, or it would conflict with the Bayesian hypothesis. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Applying a rotating optokinetic stimulus while recording the subjective visual vertical in different whole body roll angles, we noted the optokinetic-induced bias to correlate with the roll angle. These findings allow the hypothesis that the established optimal weighting of single-sensory cues depending on their reliability to estimate direction of gravity could be extended to a bias caused by visual self-motion stimuli.
Microcircuit formation following transplantation of mouse embryonic stem cell-derived neurons in peripheral nerve
Authors: Magown Philippe , Rafuse Victor F. , Brownstone Robert M. 
Published: February 2017

Motoneurons derived from embryonic stem cells can be transplanted in the tibial nerve, where they extend axons to functionally innervate target muscle. Here, we studied spontaneous muscle contractions in these grafts 3 mo following transplantation. One-half of the transplanted grafts generated rhythmic muscle contractions of variable patterns, either spontaneously or in response to brief electrical stimulation. Activity generated by transplanted embryonic stem cell-derived neurons was driven by glutamate and was modulated by muscarinic and GABAergic/glycinergic transmission. Furthermore, rhythmicity was promoted by the same transmitter combination that evokes rhythmic locomotor activity in spinal cord circuits. These results demonstrate that there is a degree of self-assembly of microcircuits in these peripheral grafts involving embryonic stem cell-derived motoneurons and interneurons. Such spontaneous activity is reminiscent of embryonic circuit development in which spontaneous activity is essential for proper connectivity and function and may be necessary for the grafts to form functional connections with muscle. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This manuscript demonstrates that, following peripheral transplantation of neurons derived from embryonic stem cells, the grafts are spontaneously active. The activity is produced and modulated by a number of transmitter systems, indicating that there is a degree of self-assembly of circuits in the grafts.
Contextual Impact of Neighborhood Obesogenic Factors on Postmenopausal Breast Cancer: The Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Conroy Shannon M. , Clarke Christina A. , Yang Juan , Shariff-Marco Salma , Shvetsov Yurii B. , Park Song-Yi , Albright Cheryl L. , Hertz Andrew , Monroe Kristine R. , Kolonel Laurence N. , Marchand Loïc Le , Wilkens Lynne R. , Gomez Scarlett Lin , Cheng Iona 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background: While obesity is well-understood to increase breast cancer risk, the role of the neighborhood obesogenic environment, encompassing social and built environment attributes that influence body size, is poorly understood.
Methods: Using principal components factor analysis, five composite factors [neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES), urban, mixed-land development, unhealthy food environment, parks] on the basis of geospatial data were developed to characterize the obesogenic environment for 48,247 postmenopausal women in the Multiethnic Cohort, residing predominately in Los Angeles County. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to examine the association between neighborhood obesogenic factors and breast cancer risk (n = 2,341 cases after 17 years of follow-up), adjusting for body mass index (BMI), weight gain since age 21, education, established risk factors, other neighborhood factors, and clustering by block group.
Results: Lower nSES was associated with lower breast cancer risk [quintile 1 vs. 5: HR, 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.66–0.95], with a more pronounced association observed in Latinos (quintile 1 vs. 5: HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.43–0.85). More urban environments were associated with lower breast cancer risk in Japanese Americans (quintile 5 vs. 1: HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26–0.90), and lower mixed-land development was associated with higher breast cancer risk in Latinos (quintile 1 vs. 5: HR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.10–1.93).
Conclusions: Obesogenic neighborhood environment factors, especially nSES, urbanicity, and mixed-land development, were differentially and independently associated with breast cancer risk in this multiethnic population.
Impact: These findings highlight the need for additional studies of the driving contextual aspects of nSES that influence breast cancer risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev; 26(4); 480–9. ©2017 AACR.
See all the articles in this CEBP Focus section, “Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Population Sciences.”
Lifetime Genistein Intake Increases the Response of Mammary Tumors to Tamoxifen in Rats
Authors: Zhang Xiyuan , Cook Katherine L. , Warri Anni , Cruz Idalia M. , Rosim Mariana , Riskin Jeffrey , Helferich William , Doerge Daniel , Clarke Robert , Hilakivi-Clarke Leena 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPurpose: Whether it is safe for estrogen receptor–positive (ER+) patients with breast cancer to consume soy isoflavone genistein remains controversial. We compared the effects of genistein intake mimicking either Asian (lifetime) or Caucasian (adulthood) intake patterns to that of starting its intake during tamoxifen therapy using a preclinical model.Experimental Design: Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an AIN93G diet supplemented with 0 (control diet) or 500 ppm genistein from postnatal day 15 onward (lifetime genistein). Mammary tumors were induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), after which a group of control diet–fed rats were switched to genistein diet (adult genistein). When the first tumor in a rat reached 1.4 cm in diameter, tamoxifen was added to the diet and a subset of previously only control diet–fed rats also started genistein intake (post-diagnosis genistein).Results: Lifetime genistein intake reduced de novo resistance to tamoxifen, compared with post-diagnosis genistein groups. Risk of recurrence was lower both in the lifetime and in the adult genistein groups than in the post-diagnosis genistein group. We observed downregulation of unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy-related genes (GRP78, IRE1α, ATF4, and Beclin-1) and genes linked to immunosuppression (TGFβ and Foxp3) and upregulation of cytotoxic T-cell marker CD8a in the tumors of the lifetime genistein group, compared with controls, post-diagnosis, and/or adult genistein groups.Conclusions: Genistein intake mimicking Asian consumption patterns improved response of mammary tumors to tamoxifen therapy, and this effect was linked to reduced activity of UPR and prosurvival autophagy signaling and increased antitumor immunity. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 814–24. ©2017 AACR.
Usage of Existing Meteorological Data Networks for Parameterized Road Ice Formation Modeling
Authors: Toms Benjamin A. , Basara Jeffrey B. , Hong Yang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA road ice prediction model was developed on the basis of existing data networks with an objective of providing a computationally efficient method of road ice forecasting. Icing risk was separated into three distinct road ice formation mechanisms: hoarfrost, freezing fog, and frozen precipitation. Hoarfrost parameterizations were mostly gathered as presented in previous literature, with modifications incorporated to account for diffusional ice crystal growth-rate complexity. Freezing-fog parameterizations were based on previous fog typological analyses under the assumption that fog formation mechanisms are similar in above- and subfreezing temperatures. Frozen-precipitation parameterizations were primarily unique to the developed model but were also partially based on previous research. Diagnostic analyses use a synthesis of Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS), Automated Weather Observing System (AWOS), and Oklahoma Mesonet data. Prognostic analyses utilize the National Digital Forecast Database (NDFD), a 2.5-km gridded database of forecast meteorological variables output from National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices. A frequency analysis was performed using the diagnostic parameterizations to determine general road icing risk across the state of Oklahoma. The frequency analyses aligned well with expected temporal maxima and confirmed the viability of the developed parameterizations. Further, a fog typological analysis showed the implemented freezing-fog-formation parameterizations to capture 89% of fog events. These results suggest that the developed model, identified as the Road-Ice Model (RIM), may be implemented as a robust option for analyzing the potential for road ice development based on the background meteorological environment.