bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As Iran Ramps Up Production, Industry Views Contract Terms
Authors: Parshall Joel 
Published: January 2017

Middle East Special Section
Iran has surprised many global market experts with how rapidly it has increased crude oil production, following the January international agreement that lifted nuclear-related sanctions against the country. Production rose by 25% to hit the pre-sanctions level of 3.6 million B/D in April, shattering major analysts’ predictions that it would take a year to do so, and increased to 4 million B/D during the summer. Exports have doubled to more than 2 million B/D.
However, notwithstanding Iran’s early success, most market observers believe the country will be challenged to sustain a 4 million B/D output for the rest of the year. And for Iranian production to grow to 4.8 million B/D in 5 years, a goal that Petroleum Minister Bijan Zangeneh stated in June, the country will require a large infusion of capital from international oil and gas companies.
To keep its ambitions on track, Iran has set an objective of attracting USD 180 billion in international investment for its oil and gas sector. Of this amount, between USD 70 billion and 100 billion is needed for upstream projects, and Iran hopes to bring in from USD 20 billion to 30 billion of that for projects in its initial tendering round for licensing projects.
The Iran Petroleum Contract
Understandably, the global industry has been paying close attention to the Iran Petroleum Contract (IPC), the new framework approved by the Iranian government in early August for signing agreements with international operators to explore for and develop oil and gas resources in the country. While the framework was approved, questions remain over numerous details.
For priority projects under the IPC, Iran worked from a technical services contract model, under which an operating company bears all capital costs up to first production, or targeted incremental production, and begins to recover its costs from production proceeds. The percentage of proceeds from which costs can be recovered may be negotiated field by field but will not exceed 50% for oil fields and 75% for gas fields.
Previously, Iran used a system of buy-back contracts. Under these, the operator’s capital investment level and cost-recovery period were negotiated with the government and a fixed rate of return was set. If exploratory drilling led to a viable project, the operator’s capital expenditure for exploration and development was considered a loan to the state. The government compensated the company through annuity payments that began when production started, or a production target was met, and continued for the life of the contract.
Iran is likely to continue using buyback contracts for lower priority projects. An important question is where it will draw the line between IPC projects and those on a buy-back or other contractual basis.
Four Answers to the Question: What Can I Learn From Analytics?
Authors: Rassenfoss Stephen 
Published: January 2017

The future of data-driven analysis in exploration and production (E&P) will depend on whether it can add value in the field.
Four examples of what is possible were presented recently at the 2016 Unconventional Resources Technology Conference (URTEC) in San Antonio with the authors of papers posing questions such as:
Does it matter if a lateral is drilled toe-up or toe-down?
What are the changes in a fracturing design that will offer the biggest production payoff?
Why has the drilling slowdown not depressed production from unconventional gas plays?
What is the half-life of my field, and why should I care?
The stories below bring together advanced statistical analysis methods with multiple names: analytics, big data, machine learning, and even a “physio statistical engine for automatic stochastic production forecasting.”
All this new E&P math is aimed at identifying patterns and relationships that otherwise would be missed. But automatic and self-learning does not mean all-knowing.
For example, one of the programs used to analyze fracturing used facial recognition to classify pressure changes during each stage to sort them into different classes.
Production data revealed that one of the classes of fractures, characterized by a pressure bump near the end of the stage that could mean trouble, were often more productive than those that went exactly according to plan. But it was up to the completion team to figure out how to apply that observation.
The process is “brutally empirical,” said Roger Anderson, president of AKW Analytics, who led the study for Range Resources. He said the method is good at identifying what is happening, but it is unable to determine why or how it happened.
Accounting for Professional Accountants' Dysfunctional Knowledge Sharing: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective
Authors: Cockrell R. Cameron , Stone Dan N. , Wier Benson 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Investigating how and why accounting professionals share useless and harmful knowledge challenges designers of accounting systems and organizational leaders. In this paper, we extend self-determination theory (SDT) to investigate the influence of financial incentives on (1) harmful, and (2) masked, i.e., organizationally useless, knowledge sharing (KS) among accounting professionals (n = 428) by adapting measures from SDT to the professional accounting context. Although self-disclosed dysfunctional KS is infrequent in our sample, the results indicate that, consistent with the predictions of our extension of SDT, accountants with higher controlled (higher autonomous) motivation are more (less) influenced by financial incentives and engage in more (less) dysfunctional KS.
Data Availability: Contact the authors.
Effect of Gypsum Application Rate, Soil Type, and Soil Calcium on Yield, Grade and Seed Quality of Runner Type Peanut Cultivars
Authors: III J.A. Arnold , Beasley J.P. , Harris G.H. , Grey T.L. , Cabrera M. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Calcium (Ca) availability in the 0 to 8 cm soil depth often limits peanut yield and influences grade in the southeastern United States. Field experiments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 at the University of Georgia's Coastal Plain Experiment Station, Tifton, GA (CPES) and the Southwest Georgia Research and Education Center, Plains, GA (SWREC) to determine large-seeded (Georgia-06G) and medium-seed sized (Georgia Greener) runner-type cultivar response to gypsum application rates of 0, 560, 1120, 1650 kg/ha. Peanut pod yield and grade (TSMK) were significantly different between locations with 7610 and 6540 kg/ha at CPES and SWREC, respectively. However, there were no differences between peanut cultivars or gypsum rates. Standard germination, seed vigor (cold germination), and seed Ca content analysis were also conducted on subsamples from each plot. Average peanut seed germination was 97% across all samples. No differences were observed for standard germination or vigor testing. Differences in locations were observed for yield, TSMK, percent jumbo, percent medium kernels, and seed Ca content. Peanut cultivar and gypsum application rate had effects on seed Ca concentration. Seed Ca concentration levels were 825 and 787 mg/kg for Georgia Greener and Georgia-06G, respectively. Seed Ca content increased as field gypsum application rate increased at both locations.
Measure the Propagation of a Halo CME and Its Driven Shock with the Observations from a Single Perspective at Earth
Authors: Lu Lei , Inhester Bernd , Feng Li , Liu Siming , Zhao Xinhua 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We present a detailed study of an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection (full-halo CME) event that happened on 2011 February 15, making use of white-light observations by three coronagraphs and radio observations by Wind/WAVES. We applied three different methods to reconstruct the propagation direction and traveling distance of the CME and its driven shock. We measured the kinematics of the CME leading edge from white-light images observed by Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) Aand B, tracked the CME-driven shock using the frequency drift observed by Wind/WAVES together with an interplanetary density model, and obtained the equivalent scattering centers of the CME by the polarization ratio (PR) method. For the first time, we applied the PR method to different features distinguished from LASCO/C2 polarimetric observations and calculated their projections onto white-light images observed by STEREO-A and STEREO-B. By combining the graduated cylindrical shell (GCS) forward modeling with the PR method, we proposed a new GCS-PR method to derive 3D parameters of a CME observed from a single perspective at Earth. Comparisons between different methods show a good degree of consistence in the derived 3D results.
To the Edge of M87 and Beyond: Spectroscopy of Intracluster Globular Clusters and Ultracompact Dwarfs in the Virgo Cluster
Authors: Ko Youkyung , Hwang Ho Seong , Lee Myung Gyoon , Park Hong Soo , Lim Sungsoon , Sohn Jubee , Jang In Sung , Hwang Narae , Park Byeong-Gon 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We present the results of a wide-field spectroscopic survey of globular clusters (GCs) in the Virgo cluster. We obtain spectra for 201 GCs and 55 ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) using Hectospec on the Multiple-Mirror Telescope and derive their radial velocities. We identify 46 genuine intracluster GCs (IGCs), not associated with any Virgo galaxies, using the 3D GMM test on the spatial and radial velocity distribution. They are located at a projected distance 200 kpc ≲ R ≲ 500 kpc from the center of M87. The radial velocity distribution of these IGCs shows two peaks, one at v
r = 1023 km s−1, associated with the Virgo main body, and another at v
r = 36 km s−1, associated with the infalling structure. The velocity dispersion of the IGCs in the Virgo main body is σ
GC ∼ 314 km s−1, which is smoothly connected to the velocity dispersion profile of M87 GCs but is much lower than that of dwarf galaxies in the same survey field, σ
dwarf ∼ 608 km s−1. The UCDs are more centrally concentrated on massive galaxies—M87, M86, and M84. The radial velocity dispersion of the UCD system is much smaller than that of dwarf galaxies. Our results confirm the large-scale distribution of Virgo IGCs indicated by previous photometric surveys. The color distribution of the confirmed IGCs shows a bimodality similar to that of M87 GCs. This indicates that most IGCs are stripped off dwarf galaxies and some off massive galaxies in the Virgo.
A Comparison between Physics-based and Polytropic MHD Models for Stellar Coronae and Stellar Winds of Solar Analogs
Authors: Cohen O. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The development of the Zeeman–Doppler Imaging (ZDI) technique has provided synoptic observations of surface magnetic fields of low-mass stars. This led the stellar astrophysics community to adopt modeling techniques that have been used in solar physics using solar magnetograms. However, many of these techniques have been neglected by the solar community due to their failure to reproduce solar observations. Nevertheless, some of these techniques are still used to simulate the coronae and winds of solar analogs. Here we present a comparative study between two MHD models for the solar corona and solar wind. The first type of model is a polytropic wind model, and the second is the physics-based AWSOM model. We show that while the AWSOM model consistently reproduces many solar observations, the polytropic model fails to reproduce many of them, and in the cases where it does, its solutions are unphysical. Our recommendation is that polytropic models, which are used to estimate mass-loss rates and other parameters of solar analogs, must first be calibrated with solar observations. Alternatively, these models can be calibrated with models that capture more detailed physics of the solar corona (such as the AWSOM model) and that can reproduce solar observations in a consistent manner. Without such a calibration, the results of the polytropic models cannot be validated, but they can be wrongly used by others.
Gas-phase Absorption of
Below 10 K: Astronomical Implications
Authors: Campbell E. K. , Holz M. , Maier J. P. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The electronic spectrum of the fullerene dication

has been measured in the gas phase at low temperature in a cryogenic radiofrequency ion trap. The spectrum consists of a strong origin band at 7030 Å and two weaker features to higher energy. The bands have FWHMs of 35 Å indicating an excited state lifetime on the order of one-tenth of a picosecond. Absorption cross-section measurements yield (2 ± 1) × 10−15 cm2 at 7030 Å. These results are used to predict the depth of diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) due to the absorption by

. At an assumed column density of 2 × 1012 cm−2 the attenuation of starlight at 7030 Å is around 0.4% and thus the detection of such a shallow and broad interstellar band would be difficult. The electronic spectrum of

shows no absorptions in the visible. Below 4000 Å the spectra of C60,

and

are similar. The large intrinsic FWHM of the features in this region, ∼200 Å for the band near 3250 Å, make them unsuitable for DIB detection.
Sizes and Kinematics of Extended Narrow-line Regions in Luminous Obscured AGN Selected by Broadband Images
Authors: Sun Ai-Lei , Greene Jenny E. , Zakamska Nadia L. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTo study the impact of active galactic nuclei (AGN) feedback on their galactic ISM, we presentMagellanlong-slit spectroscopy of 12 luminous nearby obscured AGN (,z ∼ 0.1). These objects are selected from a parent sample of spectroscopically identified AGN to have high [Oiii]λ5007 andWide-field Infrared Survey Explorermid-IR luminosities and extended emission in the Sloan Digital Sky Surveyr-band images, suggesting the presence of extended [Oiii]λ5007 emission. We find spatially resolved [Oiii] emission (2–35 kpc) in 8 out of 12 of these objects. Combined with samples of higher luminosity obscured AGN, we confirm that the size of the narrow-line region (RNLR) scales with the mid-IR luminosity until the relation flattens atRNLR ∼ 10 kpc. Nine out of 12 objects in our sample have regions with broad [Oiii] line widths (w80 > 600 km s−1), indicating outflows. We define these regions as the kinematically disturbed region (KDR). The size of the KDR () is typically smaller thanRNLRby few kiloparsecs but also correlates strongly with the AGN mid-IR luminosity. Given the uncertain outflow mass, we derive a loose constraint on the outflow energy efficiency. We find no evidence for an AGN luminosity threshold below which outflows are not launched. To explain the sizes, velocity profiles, and high occurrence rates of the outflows in the most luminous AGN, we propose a scenario in which energy-conserving outflows are driven by AGN episodes with ∼108year durations. Within each episode, the AGN is unlikely to be constantly luminous but could flicker on shorter timescales (≲107yr) with a moderate duty cycle (∼10%).
Chandra Survey of Nearby Galaxies: The Catalog
Authors: She Rui , Ho Luis C. , Feng Hua 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We searched the public archive of the Chandra
X-ray Observatory as of 2016 March and assembled a sample of 719 galaxies within 50 Mpc with available Advanced CCD Imaging Spectrometer observations. By cross-correlation with the optical or near-infrared nuclei of these galaxies, 314 of them are identified to have an X-ray active galactic nucleus (AGN). The majority of them are low-luminosity AGNs and are unlikely X-ray binaries based upon their spatial distribution and luminosity functions. The AGN fraction is around 60% for elliptical galaxies and early-type spirals, but drops to roughly 20% for Sc and later types, consistent with previous findings in the optical. However, the X-ray survey is more powerful in finding weak AGNs, especially from regions with active star formation that may mask the optical AGN signature. For example, 31% of the H ii nuclei are found to harbor an X-ray AGN. For most objects, a single power-law model subject to interstellar absorption is adequate to fit the spectrum, and the typical photon index is found to be around 1.8. For galaxies with a non-detection, their stacked Chandra image shows an X-ray excess with a luminosity of a few times 1037 erg s−1 on average around the nuclear region, possibly composed of faint X-ray binaries. This paper reports on the technique and results of the survey; in-depth analysis and discussion of the results will be reported in forthcoming papers.
Numerical Simulation of Star Formation by the Bow Shock of the Centaurus A Jet
Authors: Gardner Carl L. , Jones Jeremiah R. , Scannapieco Evan , Windhorst Rogier A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Recent Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations of the extragalactic radio source Centaurus A (Cen A) display a young stellar population around the southwest tip of the inner filament 8.5 kpc from the galactic center of Cen A, with ages in the range 1–3 Myr. Crockett et al. have argued that the transverse bow shock of the Cen A jet triggered this star formation as it impacted dense molecular cores of clouds in the filament. To test this hypothesis, we perform three-dimensional numerical simulations of star formation induced by the jet bow shock in the inner filament of Cen A, using a positivity-preserving, weighted, essentially non-oscillatory method to solve the equations of gas dynamics with radiative cooling. We find that star clusters form inside a bow-shocked molecular cloud when the maximum initial density of the cloud is

≥
40

H2 molecules cm−3. In a typical molecular cloud of mass

10

6

M

⊙

and diameter 200 pc, approximately 20 star clusters of mass

10

4

M

⊙

are formed, matching the HST images.
EBL Inhomogeneity and Hard-Spectrum Gamma-Ray Sources
Authors: Abdalla Hassan , Böttcher Markus 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
The unexpectedly hard very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ-ray spectra of a few distant blazars have been interpreted as evidence of a reduction of the γγ opacity of the universe due to the interaction of VHE γ-rays with the extragalactic background light (EBL) compared to the expectation from current knowledge of the density and cosmological evolution of the EBL. One of the suggested solutions to this problem involves the inhomogeneity of the EBL. In this paper, we study the effects of such inhomogeneity on the energy density of the EBL (which then also becomes anisotropic) and the resulting γγ opacity. Specifically, we investigate the effects of cosmic voids along the line of sight to a distant blazar. We find that the effect of such voids on the γγ opacity, for any realistic void size, is only of the order of ≲1% and much smaller than expected from a simple linear scaling of the γγ opacity with the line-of-sight galaxy underdensity due to a cosmic void.
Incompressible Modes Excited by Supersonic Shear in Boundary Layers: Acoustic CFS Instability
Authors: Belyaev Mikhail A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We present an instability for exciting incompressible modes (e.g., gravity or Rossby modes) at the surface of a star accreting through a boundary layer. The instability excites a stellar mode by sourcing an acoustic wave in the disk at the boundary layer, which carries a flux of energy and angular momentum with the opposite sign as the energy and angular momentum density of the stellar mode. We call this instability the acoustic Chandrasekhar–Friedman–Schutz (CFS) instability, because of the direct analogy to the CFS instability for exciting modes on a rotating star by emission of energy in the form of gravitational waves. However, the acoustic CFS instability differs from its gravitational wave counterpart in that the fluid medium in which the acoustic wave propagates (i.e., the accretion disk) typically rotates faster than the star in which the incompressible mode is sourced. For this reason, the instability can operate even for a non-rotating star in the presence of an accretion disk. We discuss applications of our results to high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations in accreting black hole and neutron star systems and dwarf nova oscillations in cataclysmic variables.
Preconditioned Positive-Definite and Skew-Hermitian Splitting Iteration Methods for Continuous Sylvester Equations AX + XB = C
Authors: Zhou Rong , Wang Xiang , Tang Xiao-Bin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we present a preconditioned positive-definite and skew-Hermitian splitting (PPSS) iteration method for continuous Sylvester equations AX + XB = C with positive definite/semi-definite matrices. The analysis shows that the PPSS iteration method will converge under certain assumptions. An inexact variant of the PPSS iteration method (IPPSS) has been presented and the analysis of its convergence property in detail has been discussed. Numerical results show that this new method is more efficient and robust than the existing ones.
An Efficient Numerical Method for Mean Curvature-Based Image Registration Model
Authors: Zhang Jin , Chen Ke , Chen Fang , Yu Bo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractMean curvature-based image registration model firstly proposed by Chumchob-Chen-Brito (2011) offered a better regularizer technique for both smooth and nonsmooth deformation fields. However, it is extremely challenging to solve efficiently this model and the existing methods are slow or become efficient only with strong assumptions on the smoothing parameterβ. In this paper, we take a different solution approach. Firstly, we discretize the joint energy functional, following an idea of relaxed fixed point is implemented and combine with Gauss-Newton scheme with Armijo's Linear Search for solving the discretized mean curvature model and further to combine with a multilevel method to achieve fast convergence. Numerical experiments not only confirm that our proposed method is efficient and stable, but also it can give more satisfying registration results according to image quality.
Grounding Aesthetic Preference in the Bodily Conditions of Meaning Constitution
Authors: Scarinzi Alfonsina 
Published: January 2017

Mark Johnson’s work The Meaning of the Body presents John Dewey’s pragmatism and pragmatist aesthetics as the forerunners of the anti-Cartesian embodied enactive approach to human experience and meaning. He rejects the Kantian noncognitive character of aesthetics and emphasizes that aesthetics is the study of the human capacity to experience the bodily conditions of meaning constitution that grows from our bodily conditions of life. Using Mark Johnson’s view as a starting-point, this paper offers the beginning of an enactive approach to aesthetic preference contributing to bringing human aesthetic behavior research closer to the enactive approach to human experience. Following enactive studies on bodily sense-making and embodied emotions, I identify the bodily conditions of meaning constitution in which aesthetic preference is grounded with the subject’s self-regulatory visceral embodied constitution of viable degrees of value of the environmental factors according to her bodily structure. Unlike mainstream aesthetic preference research in empirical aesthetics, I claim that the subject’s aesthetic preference constitution requires the lived experience of the bodily conditions of meaning constitution through the conscious experience of the subjectively aroused lived body. The implausibility of the mind/body dichotomy of current aesthetic preference research is highlighted.