bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Macro-Prudential Policies to Mitigate Systemic Risk: An International Overview
Authors: Pacelli Vincenzo , Povia Maria Melania 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn the wake of the global financial crisis, a clear awareness has emerged that systemic risk can only be addressed and managed through macro-prudential policies. Many countries have embarked on new reforms of the financial regulatory system with macro-prudential mechanisms, technical standards and instruments aimed at mitigating systemic risk. The main purpose of this essay is to summarise the main reforms in Europe, the United States, China, Islamic countries and Japan and to explain how these reforms fit together. In addition, through a comparative analysis of regulatory structures, we assess the effectiveness of macro-prudential tools in preventing and mitigating potential systemic risks and safeguarding financial stability. The results show a growing and widespread focus on prudential policies and architectures to mitigate systemic risk, although the different economies analysed start from very different positions.
Systemic Cyber Risk in the Financial Sector: Can Network Analysis Assist in Identifying Vulnerabilities and Improving Resilience?
Authors: Panetta Ida Claudia , Leo Sabrina 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe increasing interconnectedness and digitalisation of the financial sector have exposed it to a new and pervasive threat: systemic cyber risk. Systemic cyber risk in finance refers to the potential for a cyber-attack or breach to cause widespread disruption and instability across financial systems and markets. This type of risk can arise from various sources, including hackers, insider threats, and technological failures. Financial institutions and policymakers can help safeguard the global economy and protect against potential disruptions and instability by addressing systemic cyber risk. To effectively mitigate systemic cyber risk, it is important to have a deep understanding of the potential threats and vulnerabilities within their systems. This requires ongoing analysis and study of the evolving nature of cyber threats and the latest technological advancements in cybersecurity. Ongoing analysis and study of cyber threats and advancements in cybersecurity are crucial to staying ahead of evolving risks and ensuring the financial system’s stability. In this context, Network analysis can be a valuable tool in studying systemic cyber risk in the financial domain since it is a powerful tool for understanding the interconnectedness of financial institutions and markets and the potential pathways for cyber risk to spread throughout the system. By mapping out these networks and identifying key nodes and vulnerabilities, institutions can better prepare for and respond to cyber-attacks.
The Lacunocanalicular Network is Denser in C57BL/6 Compared to BALB/c Mice
Authors: Rummler Maximilian , van Tol Alexander , Schemenz Victoria , Hartmann Markus A. , Blouin Stéphane , Willie Bettina M. , Weinkamer Richard 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe lacunocanalicular network (LCN) is an intricate arrangement of cavities (lacunae) and channels (canaliculi), which permeates the mineralized bone matrix. In its porosity, the LCN accommodates the cell network of osteocytes. These two nested networks are attributed a variety of essential functions including transport, signaling, and mechanosensitivity due to load-induced fluid flow through the LCN. For a more quantitative assessment of the networks’ function, the three-dimensional architecture has to be known. For this reason, we aimed (i) to quantitatively characterize spatial heterogeneities of the LCN in whole mouse tibial cross-sections of BALB/c mice and (ii) to analyze differences in LCN architecture by comparison with another commonly used inbred mouse strain, the C57BL/6 mouse. Both tibiae of five BALB/c mice (female, 26-week-old) were stained using rhodamine 6G and whole tibiae cross-sections were imaged using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Using image analysis, the LCN was quantified in terms of density and connectivity and lacunar parameters, such as lacunar degree, volume, and shape. In the same tibial cross-sections, the calcium content was measured using quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI). A structural analysis of the LCN properties showed that spatially denser parts of the LCN are mainly due to a higher density of branching points in the network. While a high intra-individual variability of network density was detected within the cortex, the inter-individual variability between different mice was low. In comparison to C57BL/6J mice, BALB/c mice showed a distinct lower canalicular density. This reduced network was already detectable on a local network level with fewer canaliculi emanating from lacunae. Spatial correlation with qBEI images demonstrated that bone modeling resulted in disruptions in the network architecture. The spatial heterogeneity and differences in density of the LCN likely affects the fluid flow within the network and therefore bone’s mechanoresponse to loading.
Design of the conserved epitope peptide of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as the broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine
Authors: Chang Ting-Yu , Li Chia-Jung , Chao Tai-Ling , Chang Sui-Yuan , Chang Shih-Chung 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Our previous study has found that monoclonal antibodies targeting a conserved epitope peptide spanning from residues 1144 to 1156 of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, namely S(1144–1156), can broadly neutralize all of the prevalent SARS-CoV-2 strains, including the wild type, Alpha, Epsilon, Delta, and Gamma variants. In the study, S(1144–1156) was conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and formulated with Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant for inoculation in BALB/c mice to study its potential as a vaccine candidate. Results showed that the titers of S protein-specific IgGs and the neutralizing antibodies in mouse sera against various SARS-CoV-2 variants, including the Omicron sublineages, were largely induced along with three doses of immunization. The significant release of IFN-γ and IL-2 was also observed by ELISpot assays through stimulating vaccinated mouse splenocytes with the S(1144–1156) peptide. Furthermore, the vaccination of the S(1143–1157)- and S(1142–1158)-EGFP fusion proteins can elicit more SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies in mouse sera than the S(1144–1156)-EGFP fusion protein. Interestingly, the antisera collected from mice inoculated with the S(1144–1156) peptide vaccine exhibited better efficacy for neutralizing Omicron BA.2.86 and JN.1 subvariants than Omicron BA.1, BA.2, and XBB subvariants. Since the amino acid sequences of the S(1144–1156) are highly conserved among various SARS-CoV-2 variants, the immunogen containing the S(1144–1156) core epitope can be designed as a broadly effective COVID-19 vaccine.

Key points
• Inoculation of mice with the S(1144–1156) peptide vaccine can induce bnAbs against various SARS-CoV-2 variants.
• The S(1144–1156) peptide stimulated significant release of IFN-γ and IL-2 in vaccinated mouse splenocytes.
• The S(1143–1157) and S(1142–1158) peptide vaccines can elicit more SARS-CoV-2 nAbs in mice.
Efficacy of Microneedle as an Assisted Therapy for Melasma: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Simin He , Siliang Xue , Wei Chen , Ping Diao , Erlong Li , Jianbo Zhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Background
Melasma is a common hyperpigmentary disorder, it has variety of treatment options, but it usually has a poor curative effect and high recurrence rate. Microneedles have shown certain prospects in the treatment of melasma as an assisted therapy, but there is no consensus on its efficacy and safety. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of microneedles as an adjuvant treatment for melasma.

Methods
Statistical tools were used to adjust the improvement of MASI scores in all studies to obtain standardized mean differences (SMD), and then, meta-analysis were performed. Risk ratio (RR) was utilized to assess adverse reactions, clinical effectiveness, and patient satisfaction.

Results
The effects of microneedle-assisted treatment for melasma begin to manifest at the 4th week, with optimal results observed at the 24th week, and with a high patient satisfaction. Compared with oral medication alone, microneedle-assisted therapy began to be more effective at week 12 and continued by 24 weeks. Compared with laser therapy alone, microneedle-assisted therapy also showed stronger efficacy, at the 8th week, microneedle-assisted treatment was significantly more effective, reaching its peak at the 12th week. Finally, in the comparison of microneedle and microinjection therapy, microneedle has always been more significant than micro-injection.

Conclusions
Microneedle is a valuable adjunctive therapy for melasma treatment. It enhances long-term clinical outcomes compared to monotherapy and is associated with high patient satisfaction.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
A plastic correction algorithm for full-field elasto-plastic finite element simulations: critical assessment of predictive capabilities and improvement by machine learning
Authors: Palchoudhary Abhishek , Peter Simone , Maurel Vincent , Ovalle Cristian , Kerfriden Pierre 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a new local plastic correction algorithm that is aimed at accelerating elasto-plastic finite element (FE) simulations for structural problems exhibiting localised plasticity (around e.g. notches, geometrical defects). The proposed method belongs to the category of generalised multi-axial Neuber-type methods, which process the results of an elastic prediction point-wise in order to calculate an approximation of the full elasto-plastic solution. The proposed algorithm relies on a rule of local proportionality, which, in the context of J2 plasticity, allows us to express the plastic correction problem in terms of the amplitude of the full mechanical tensors only. This lightweight correction problem can be solved for numerically using a fully implicit time integrator that shares similarities with the radial return algorithm. The numerical capabilities of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated for a notched structure and a specimen containing a distribution of spherical pores, subjected to monotonic and cyclic loading. As a second point of innovation, we show that the proposed local plastic correction algorithm can be further accelerated by employing a simple meta-modelling strategy, with virtually no added errors. At last, we develop and investigate the merits of a deep-learning-based corrective layer designed to reduce the approximation error of the plastic corrector. A convolutional architecture is used to analyse the neighbourhoods of material points and outputs a scalar correction to the point-wise Neuber-type predictions. This optional brick of the proposed plastic correction methodology relies on the availability of a set of full elasto-plastic finite element solutions to be used as a training data-set.
Prediction of 90-day mortality risk after unplanned emergency department visits of advanced stage cancer patients
Authors: Jeryczynski Georg , Krall Christoph , Pasalic Sabina , Huber Dominikus , Cacioppo Filippo , Bartsch Rupert , Fuereder Thorsten , Laggner Anton , Preusser Matthias , Minichsdorfer Christoph 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Cancer represents the leading cause of mortality in high-income countries. In the last years, the rate of emergency department (ED) visits by cancer patients has increased 5.5-fold. These ED visits impose a significant economic burden and may indicate the progression of the oncologic disease. The goal of this retrospective study was to identify patient-derived risk factors, especially focusing on serum albumin and body mass index (BMI) for 90-day mortality following unplanned ED visits by cancer patients.

Methods
A retrospective chart review of all patients with an ICD-10 diagnosis for cancer undergoing palliative treatment presenting at the ED between 2016 and 2018 at the General Hospital of Vienna was performed. Laboratory values, emergency severity index (ESI), and BMI were collected at the ED presentation. 90-day mortality (90MM) was calculated from the ED presentation.

Results
A total of 448 cancer patients were included. Lung cancer (19.2%) and pancreaticobiliary cancer (15.6%) were the most frequent diagnoses. The main reasons for ED visits were pain (20.5%) and fever (17.4%). Sixty-nine percent of patients had to be admitted and 17.5% of patients died during hospitalization. 90MM was highest for patients with low albumin (< 35 g/L vs. > 35 g/L: 60.4% vs. 31.4%; p < .0001). When incorporating albumin levels and BMI, patients with both values below the cutoff had the highest risk for death (HR 4.01, 95% CI 2.30–7.02).

Conclusion
Cancer patients face a high risk for hospitalization when presenting at the ED. The 90MM rate is highest in patients with low BMI and albumin levels. This highlights an especially vulnerable cohort of cancer patients for whom supportive care and palliative care have to be optimized.
Validation of MEWS, NEWS, NEWS-2 and qSOFA for different infection foci at the emergency department, the acutelines cohort
Authors: Hincapié-Osorno Carolina , van Wijk Raymond J. , Postma Douwe F. , Koeze Jacqueline , Ter Maaten Jan C. , Jaimes Fabian , Bouma Hjalmar R. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Sepsis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The lack of specific prognostic markers necessitates tools for early risk identification in patients with suspected infections in emergency department (ED). This study evaluates the prognostic accuracy of various Early Warning Scores (EWS)—MEWS, NEWS, NEWS-2, and qSOFA—for in-hospital mortality, 30-day mortality, and ICU admission, considering the site of infection.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Acutelines cohort, which included data collected from patients admitted to the University Medical Centre Groningen ED between September 2020 and July 2023. Patients were included if they had an ICD-10 code for infection. EWS were calculated using clinical data within 8 h post-admission. Predictive performance was assessed using AUC-ROC, calibration by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test and calibration curves, and operative characteristics like sensitivity and specificity.

Results
A total of 1661 patients were analyzed, with infections distributed as follows: lower respiratory tract (32.9%), urinary tract (30.7%), abdominal (12.5%), skin and soft tissue (9.5%), and others (8.2%). The overall in-hospital mortality was 6.7%, and ICU admission was 7.1%. The highest AUC-ROC for in-hospital mortality prediction was observed with NEWS and NEWS-2 in abdominal infections (0.86), while the lowest was for qSOFA in skin and soft tissue infections (0.57). Predictive performance varied by infection site.

Conclusions
The study highlights the variability in EWS performance based on infection site, emphasizing the need to consider the source of infection in EWS development for sepsis prognosis. Tailored or hybrid models may enhance predictive accuracy, balancing simplicity and specificity.
Der Skorbut – eine heute vergessene Volkskrankheit
Authors: Flamm Heinz 
Published: October 2024

ZusammenfassungAls im 15. Jahrhundert neben den bisherigen küstennahen Seefahrten mit leicht erreichbarer frischer Kost die oft jahrelangen Seereisen nur mit konservierten Lebensmitteln (Fische, Salzfleisch, Zwieback) unternommen wurden, trat nach wenigen Wochen bei den Besatzungen eine oft tödliche Krankheit mit Hinfälligkeit, Ausfall der Zähne und fürchterlichem Gestank aus dem Mund auf.Bald mehrten sich Berichte über gleiche Krankheitsfälle in den Niederlanden, Norddeutschland und im Baltikum, in Frankreich, Lothringen und Genf, in Böhmen, Mähren, Schlesien, Schwaben und Russland: der endemische „Landskorbut“. Als erste ärztliche Beschreibung gilt ein 1541 von Johann Echt an Kollegen im niederdeutschen Raum geschriebener Brief, der viermal publiziert worden ist. Eine der ersten umfänglichen Bearbeitungen lieferte der englische Arzt James Lind. Über den Skorbut, wurde unter etlichen lokalen Namen, wie Scharbock, Scheurbuik oder Scurvy berichtet.Unter den pathologischen Veränderungen dominierten die Nekrosen der Gingiva mit Zahnausfall, die Blutungen mit Zerstörungen an den Knorpel-Knochen-Grenzen insbesondere der Rippen und die subperiostalen Blutungen der langen Knochen und Rippen.Zur Behandlung und Vorbeugung des Skorbuts bewährte sich bald der Konsum von grünen Pflanzen und frischen tierischen Eingeweiden. Die lange Zeit bevorzugten Pflanzen waren Scharbockskraut, Großes Schöllkraut und Löffelkraut. Aber auch andere grüne Pflanzen und der Absud von Koniferen-Nadeln wirkten. Nachdem der primär in England als „akute Rachitis“ beschriebene Morbus Möller-Barlow als kindlicher Skorbut erkannt war, befasste man sich auch mit der Zubereitung der Milch zur Vermeidung der Krankheit. Schließlich fand man die Hexuronsäure, die bald unter dem Namen Askorbinsäure oder Vitamin C als gut dosierbares Mittel zur Bekämpfung des Skorbuts allgemein verfügbar wurde.
CEO personality and ideological corporate political activity: is there a connection?
Authors: Greiner Michael , Kim Jaemin , Julian Scott , Cordon Thor Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Scholars have called for additional research into the antecedents to corporate political activity (CPA), including why firms may engage in specific kinds of CPA. In response, in what we believe to be a first-of-its-kind study, we rely on upper echelons theory to explore the relationship between CEO personality and the kind of CPA in which a firm engages. In particular, we argue that certain traits will be related to ideological CPA (iCPA) that is less beneficial to the firm but which will appeal to CEOs with those traits. We also propose that managerial discretion will moderate the relationship between CEO personality and this form of opportunistic CPA. We test our hypotheses using a unique database combined with a variety of archival sources, resulting in a sample of 329 publicly traded firms from the S&P 500 for which we had complete records that engaged in CPA 63,142 times over a ten-year period (2011–2020). We find that CEO agreeableness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism will be negatively related to iCPA, while CEO openness will be positively associated with it. We further find that managerial discretion moderates the relationship of CEO extraversion and openness with iCPA, however in opposite directions. Finally, we discuss theoretical and managerial implications and propose directions for future research.
Linking datasets on organizations using half a billion open-collaborated records
Authors: Libgober Brian , Jerzak Connor T. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Scholars studying organizations often work with multiple datasets lacking shared identifiers or covariates. In such situations, researchers usually use approximate string (“fuzzy”) matching methods to combine datasets. String matching, although useful, faces fundamental challenges. Even where two strings appear similar to humans, fuzzy matching often struggles because it fails to adapt to the informativeness of the character combinations. In response, a number of machine learning methods have been developed to refine string matching. Yet, the effectiveness of these methods is limited by the size and diversity of training data. This paper introduces data from a prominent employment networking site (LinkedIn) as a massive training corpus to address these limitations. By leveraging information from the LinkedIn corpus regarding organizational name-to-name links, we incorporate trillions of name pair examples into various methods to enhance existing matching benchmarks and performance by explicitly maximizing match probabilities. We also show how relationships between organization names can be modeled using a network representation of the LinkedIn data. In illustrative merging tasks involving lobbying firms, we document improvements when using the LinkedIn corpus in matching calibration and make all data and methods open source.
Body composition estimation from mobile phone three-dimensional imaging: evaluation of the USA army one-site method
Authors: Florez Christine M. , Rodriguez Christian , Siedler Madelin R. , Tinoco Ethan , Tinsley Grant M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWithin the USA military, monitoring body composition is an essential component of predicting physical performance and establishing soldier readiness. The purpose of this study was to explore mobile phone three-dimensional optical imaging (3DO), a user-friendly technology capable of rapidly obtaining reliable anthropometric measurements and to determine the validity of the new Army one-site body fat equations using 3DO-derived abdominal circumference. Ninety-six participants (51 F, 45 M; age: 23·7 ± 6·5 years; BMI: 24·7 ± 4·1 kg/m2) were assessed using 3DO, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and a 4-compartment model (4C). The validity of the Army equations using 3DO abdominal circumference was compared with 4C and DXA estimates. Compared with the 4C model, the Army equation overestimated BF% and fat mass (FM) by 1·3 ± 4·8 % and 0·9 ± 3·4 kg, respectively, while fat-free mass (FFM) was underestimated by 0·9 ± 3·4 kg (P < 0·01 for each). Values from DXA and Army equation were similar for BF%, FM and FFM (constant errors between −0·1 and 0·1 units; P ≥ 0·82 for each). In both comparisons, notable proportional bias was observed with slope coefficients of −0·08 to −0·43. Additionally, limits of agreement were 9·5–10·2 % for BF% and 6·8–7·8 kg for FM and FFM. Overall, while group-level performance of the one-site Army equation was acceptable, it exhibited notable proportional bias when compared with laboratory criterion methods and wide limits of agreement, indicating potential concerns when applied to individuals. 3DO may provide opportunities for the development of more advanced, automated digital anthropometric body fat estimation in military settings.
Functional diversity in relation to the longitudinal gradient of a species-rich Neotropical river
Authors: López-Delgado Edwin O. , Villa-Navarro Francisco A. , Winemiller Kirk O. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A functional traits approach was adopted to examine patterns of fish diversity in relation to environmental and spatial variables and for comparison with findings from earlier analyses of fish taxonomic diversity in a nearly pristine river in the Llanos region of Colombia. Fishes were surveyed during the low-water period at 34 sites along the longitudinal fluvial gradient of the Bita River, a clearwater tributary of the Orinoco River. We compiled a matrix of 37 traits associated with locomotion, feeding, and defense for 132 species to compute functional β diversity metrics among four reaches along the entire longitudinal fluvial gradient and also within reaches. Functional redundancy (trait under-dispersion) was found to be common throughout the fluvial gradient. Functional β diversity was high at both spatial scales, with widespread evidence of functional nestedness and functional turnover, especially in upper reaches. In the Bita River, environmental filtering and stochastic processes, such as random dispersal, appear to be the dominant mechanisms influencing fish functional diversity. Inferences derived from analysis of functional versus taxonomic diversity are largely congruent, although analysis of functional β diversity found more evidence of nestedness than turnover at both spatial scales. Both lines of evidence stress the importance of habitat heterogeneity and aquatic habitat connectivity for conservation of high species diversity in this system.