bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Delayed Anaerobic Threshold in Heart Failure Patients With Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Palermo Pietro , Magrì Damiano , Sciomer Susanna , Stefanini Elisa , Agalbato Cecilia , Compagnino Elisa , Chircu Cristina M. , Maffessanti Francesco , Teodoru Minodora , Agostoni Piergiuseppe 
Published: April 2016

PURPOSE:
To assess whether atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF) affects oxygen uptake at anaerobic threshold (

JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201605000-00004/4FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074048Z/r/image-gif

o
2 AT) and heart rate (HR) kinetics.

METHODS:
A total of 15 patients with HF and AF and 18 with HF and sinus rhythm (SR) performed a maximal incremental and 2 constant workload cycle ergometer cardiopulmonary exercise tests (below and above AT, at 25% and 75% of maximal workload, respectively). At constant workload tests, kinetics of

JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201605000-00004/4FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074048Z/r/image-gif

o
2 and HR were assessed by calculating time constant (τ).

RESULTS:
HF patients with AF showed a similar peak

JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201605000-00004/4FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074048Z/r/image-gif

o
2 to those with SR (16.7 ± 4.5 mL/kg/min vs 16.6 ± 3.9 mL/kg/min). However,

JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201605000-00004/4FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074048Z/r/image-gif

o
2 AT (11.3 ± 2.9 mL/kg/min vs 9.3 ± 2.8 mL/kg/min; P < .05), peak HR (149 ± 18.8 bpm vs 116.4 ± 20.4 bpm; P < .001), HR AT (125.3 ± 19.1 bpm vs 90.3 ± 15.5 bpm; P < .001), and HR increase during exercise were greater in HF patients with AF. Finally, τHR and τ

JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201605000-00004/4FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074048Z/r/image-gif

o
2 below and above AT were not significantly different.

CONCLUSIONS:
In HF patients with AF, despite a similar peak

JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201605000-00004/4FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074048Z/r/image-gif

o
2 compared with patients with HF and SR,

JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201605000-00004/4FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074048Z/r/image-gif

o
2 AT is higher because of a higher HR and a greater HR increase during exercise. One postulated mechanism would be a greater cardiac output increase at the beginning of exercise in HF patients with AF. The delayed AT generates uncertainty about the meaning of a

JOURNAL/jcprh/04.03/01273116-201605000-00004/4FSM1/v/2023-09-11T074048Z/r/image-gif

o
2 value at AT in HF patients with AF, because a higher AT is usually associated with better performance and a better prognosis.
The Association of Gasoline Prices With Hospital Utilization and Costs for Motorcycle and Nonmotorcycle Motor Vehicle Injuries in the United States
Authors: Zhu He , Wilson Fernando A. , Stimpson Jim P. , Araz Ozgur M. , Kim Jungyoon , Chen Baojiang , Wu Li-Tzy 
Published: April 2016

Objectives:
This study examined the association between gasoline prices and hospitalizations for motorcycle and nonmotorcycle motor vehicle crash (MVC) injuries.

Methods:
Data on inpatient hospitalizations were obtained from the 2001 to 2010 Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Panel feasible generalized least squares models were used to estimate the effects of monthly inflation-adjusted gasoline prices on hospitalization rates for MVC injuries and to predict the impact of increasing gasoline taxes.

Results:
On the basis of the available data, a $1.00 increase in the gasoline tax was associated with an estimated 8348 fewer annual hospitalizations for nonmotorcycle MVC injuries, and reduced hospital costs by $143 million. However, the increase in the gasoline tax was also associated with an estimated 3574 more annual hospitalizations for motorcycle crash injuries, and extended hospital costs by $73 million.

Conclusions:
This analysis of some existing data suggest that the increased utilization and costs of hospitalization from motorcycle crash injuries associated with an increase in the price of gasoline are likely to substantially offset reductions in nonmotorcycle MVC injuries. A policy decision to increase the gasoline tax could improve traffic safety if the increased tax is paired with public health interventions to improve motorcycle safety.
Diquafosol for Soft Contact Lens Dryness: Clinical Evaluation and Tear Analysis
Authors: Shigeyasu Chika , Yamada Masakazu , Akune Yoko , Fukui Masaki 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate the efficacy of topical application of 3% diquafosol tetrasodium solution for the treatment of soft contact lens (SCL) wearers with dryness. In addition to clinical tests and subjective symptoms, we assessed the fluorescence intensity of wheat germ agglutinin conjugate of fluorescein (F-WGA) used as a marker of membrane-associated mucins and sialic acid concentration in tear fluids as a marker of secreted mucins.

Methods
Twelve SCL wearers with dryness symptoms were treated with diquafosol for 4 weeks. Clinical tests included the tear film break-up time (BUT), corneal and conjunctival fluorescein staining scores, and Schirmer values. Subjective symptoms were evaluated by the Dry Eye-Related Quality-of-Life Score (DEQS). Fluorescence intensities in the central cornea were measured by fluorophotometry at 5 minutes after a 5% F-WGA solution was applied to the eye. The tears collected by the Schirmer test strips were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the concentrations of sialic acid; total protein; and the four major tear proteins secretory IgA, lactoferrin, lipocalin-1, and lysozyme proteins were measured.

Results
Comparing the results before and after diquafosol treatment, BUT (p < 0.01), kerato-conjunctival staining score (p < 0.05), corneal staining score (p < 0.05), and DEQS score (p < 0.01) showed statistically significant improvements. The F-WGA fluorescence intensities (p < 0.0001) significantly increased after treatment, whereas the concentrations of sialic acid and tear proteins remained unchanged.

Conclusions
Topical application of diquafosol solution to the SCL wearers with dryness improved biomarker of membrane-associated mucins, BUT, staining of cornea and conjunctiva, and subjective symptoms.
Emergency Department Management of Febrile Respiratory Illness in Children
Authors: Shah Sonal , Bourgeois Florence , Mannix Rebekah , Nelson Kyle , Bachur Richard , Neuman Mark I. 
Published: April 2016

Background
There are limited data regarding testing and treatment patterns for children presenting to the emergency department (ED) with a febrile respiratory illness.

Objectives
The aims of the study were to evaluate the rates of diagnostic testing, antibiotic use, and pneumonia diagnosis among children presenting to an ED with a febrile respiratory illness and to evaluate whether differences exist on the basis of care at a pediatric versus a general ED.

Methods
Cross-sectional study of children presenting to an ED with a febrile respiratory illness from 2001 to 2010 used the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. Using extrapolated estimates from the weighted population sample, rates of laboratory and radiographic testing, antibiotic use, and pneumonia diagnosis were ascertained. Comparisons were made between children treated at a general versus pediatric ED. A subpopulation of children undergoing chest radiograph was identified to target those with concern for radiographic pneumonia.

Results
Fifteen percent of the 12 million visits for febrile respiratory illness occurred in a pediatric ED. Thirteen percent (95% confidence interval [CI], 11–15) of patients had a complete blood count, 4% (95% CI, 3–5) had a blood culture, and 33% (95% CI, 30–35) had a chest radiograph obtained; no differences were observed on the basis of ED type. Despite similar rates of pneumonia diagnosis, antibiotics were prescribed less often for children cared for in a pediatric (35% [95% CI, 30–41]) versus general ED (50% [95% CI, 47–53]). Similar findings were observed among the subgroup of children with febrile respiratory illness undergoing chest radiograph.

Conclusions
High rates of diagnostic testing were observed among children with febrile respiratory illnesses, despite low rates of pneumonia diagnosis. Antibiotic use was higher among children cared for at a general ED compared with pediatric ED.
Linear Growth Faltering Among HIV-Exposed Uninfected Children
Authors: Sudfeld Christopher R. , Lei Quanhong , Chinyanga Yvonne , Tumbare Esther , Khan Nealia , Dapaah-Siakwan Fredrick , Sebaka Abia , Sibiya Jacinta , van Widenfelt Erik , Shapiro Roger L. , Makhema Joseph , Fawzi Wafaie W. , Powis Kathleen M. 
Published: April 2016

Background:
HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children experience increased mortality compared with their HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) peers. It is unclear whether HEU children are also at increased risk for undernutrition, a modifiable risk factor for mortality.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional, population-based survey of children <5 years of age in 5 health districts in Botswana. Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess continuous outcomes, and generalized estimating equations were used to estimate relative risks of stunting, wasting, and underweight between HEU (n = 396) and HUU (n = 1109) children. Secondary analyses examined potential mediation by low birth weight.

Results:
The association between maternal HIV exposure and child stunting varied significantly by child age (P < 0.01). HEU children <1 and ≥2 years of age had 1.85 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.03 to 3.31; P = 0.04] and 1.41 (95% CI: 1.06 to 1.88; P = 0.02) times the risk of stunting compared with HUU children after multivariate adjustment, respectively. During the period of 1–2 years of age, when breastfeeding cessation occurred among HUU children, HUU children had increased risk of stunting compared with HEU children who were predominantly formula fed (relative risk: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.05 to 2.32; P = 0.03). A mediation analysis estimated that 67% of the excess risk of stunting among HEU children ≥2 years was attributable to low birth weight (P = 0.02). There was no difference in risk of wasting or underweight.

Conclusion:
HEU children are at increased risk of stunting compared with their HUU peers; however, interventions to increase birth weight may significantly ameliorate this excess risk. Interventions to support optimal growth during weaning are needed for all breast-fed children.
Predictability of Genetic Interactions from Functional Gene Modules
Authors: Young Jonathan H. , Marcotte Edward M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCharacterizing genetic interactions is crucial to understanding cellular and organismal response to gene-level perturbations. Such knowledge can inform the selection of candidate disease therapy targets. Yet experimentally determining whether genes interact is technically non-trivial and time-consuming. High-fidelity prediction of different classes of genetic interactions in multiple organisms would substantially alleviate this experimental burden. Under the hypothesis that functionally-related genes tend to share common genetic interaction partners, we evaluate a computational approach to predict genetic interactions in Homo sapiens, Drosophila melanogaster, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By leveraging knowledge of functional relationships between genes, we cross-validate predictions on known genetic interactions and observe high-predictive power of multiple classes of genetic interactions in all three organisms. Additionally, our method suggests high-confidence candidate interaction pairs that can be directly experimentally tested. A web application is provided for users to query genes for predicted novel genetic interaction partners. Finally, by subsampling the known yeast genetic interaction network, we found that novel genetic interactions are predictable even when knowledge of currently known interactions is minimal.
Cell Painting, an image-based assay for morphological profiling
Authors: Bray Mark-Anthony , Singh Shantanu , Han Han , Davis Chadwick T. , Borgeson Blake , Hartland Cathy , Kost-Alimova Maria , Gustafsdottir Sigrun M. , Gibson Christopher C. , Carpenter Anne E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn morphological profiling, quantitative data are extracted from microscopy images of cells to identify biologically relevant similarities and differences among samples based on these profiles. This protocol describes the design and execution of experiments using Cell Painting, a morphological profiling assay multiplexing six fluorescent dyes imaged in five channels, to reveal eight broadly relevant cellular components or organelles. Automated image analysis software identifies individual cells and measures ~1,500 morphological features (various measures of size, shape, texture, intensity, etc.) to produce a rich profile suitable for detecting subtle phenotypes. Profiles of cell populations treated with different experimental perturbations can be compared to suit many goals, such as identifying the phenotypic impact of chemical or genetic perturbations, grouping compounds and/or genes into functional pathways, and identifying signatures of disease. Cell culture and image acquisition takes 2 weeks; feature extraction and data analysis take an additional 1-2 weeks.
Optimal load shedding by a new binary PSO
Authors: Ahmadi Ahmad , Alinejad Beromi Yousef , rezai soleymanpour Hassan 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The voltage stability is a basic principle in the power system operation. Different short circuits, load growth, generation shortage, and other faults which disturb the voltage stability are serious threats to the system security. The voltage instability causes dispersal of a power system into sub-systems, and leads to blackout as well as heavy damages of the system equipments. Optimum load shedding during contingency situations is one of the most important issues in power system security analysis.

Design/methodology/approach
In this paper, a New Binary Particle Swarm Optimization technique (NB-PSO) is proposed for solving the integer-valued modeling of under-voltage load shedding (UVLS) problem. The updating mechanisms for the position and velocity of binary particles are amended in the proposed NB-PSO by using a new velocity definition, which has an excellent efficiency for solving complex binary optimization problems.

Findings
The effectiveness and capability of the proposed NB-PSO optimization algorithm were illustrated according to the simulation results of applying it to the IEEE 118-bus test system. In addition, the performance of the proposed NB-PSO based method was compared with other optimization algorithms, such as the Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) and Hybrid Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization (HDPSO) techniques. It was perceived that the NB-PSO performs superior than the BPSO and HDPSO for determining the best location and the minimum level of load shedding in order to prevent voltage instability.

Originality/value
The proposed NB-PSO has novel modifications and techniques to enhance both exploration and exploitation capabilities to find the optimal feasible solution. The simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed method in determining the best location and the minimum amount of load shedding for voltage collapse prevention.
Analytical method for forces between current carrying infinite bars
Authors: Compter John , Giaccone Luca 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
The calculation of forces between rectangular conductors with a uniform current density as can be found in the long coils as used in linear actuators and planar motors.

Design/methodology/approach
The proposed methodology relies on a single analytical equation that is used to compute all the force components.

Findings
Several comparisons with other available techniques are provided. All the comparisons confirm the validity of the proposed analytical method.

Originality/value
In the literature, other analytical methods for the force computation can be found. However, these often have limitations (e.g. only adjacent conductors or non-adjacent conductors).
This paper adds a new compact expression that covers all the possible configurations at the same time. This new tool holds for all the analytical expression found in the literature.
New control technique for performance improvement of static Kramer induction generator
Authors: Elsonbaty nadia , enany mohamed abdelfattah , mohamed mustafa 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This paper presents the mathematical models of Static Kramer Induction Generator (SKIG) that greatly improves its performance to be competitor for wind energy and hydraulic power generation.

Design/methodology/approach
Two models of control strategies are proposed, the first is to control the imposed rotor voltage, thus an angular relationship between stator voltage and rotor voltage vectors over the operating speed range is established. which may be achieved by regulating the slip of the machine through the Grid Side Converter (GSC) to fix the operating technique. The second one is to control the rotor current via GSC. GSC is a PWM Voltage Source Converter

Findings
A comparison between the two techniques is given and very good matching is obtained. Both control strategies can be achieved in terms of the GSC firing angle as shown. In addition to the greatly improved power factor. The paper illustrates the availability of extending the operating speed range up to twice of the synchronous speed, however, the speed range must be limited by the GSC ratings to achieve the slip recovery advantage of lowering the interfacing grid converter rating in analogy the system may be applied for electric drives as well.

Originality/value
The operational advantages of the proposed system can be summarized as follows:
1- The system is capable of increasing the operating speed range up to twice of synchronous speed. For slip energy recovery system the required super synchronous speed range is given by 1/3 synchronous speed.
2- The system provides significant improved power factor controllability over the operating speed range.
3- The system provides controllability for either excitation rotor voltage or rotor current through the firing angle control of the grid side converter.
4- Near constant stator and rotor currents overall the speed range.
5- Near constant magnetization current.
6- Higher efficiency and reliability.
Study of different optimization strategies for analogue circuits
Authors: Zemliak Alexander , Reyes Fernando , Vergara Sergio 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
In this paper, we propose further development of the generalized methodology for analogue circuit optimization. This methodology is based on optimal control theory. This approach generates many different circuit optimization strategies. We lead the problem of minimizing the CPU time needed for circuit optimization to the classical problem of minimizing a functional in optimal control theory.

Design/methodology/approach
The process of analogue circuit optimization is defined mathematically as a controllable dynamical system. In this context, we can formulate the problem of minimizing the CPU time as the minimization problem of a transitional process of a dynamical system. To analyse the properties of such a system, we propose to use the concept of the Lyapunov function of a dynamical system. This function allows us to analyse the stability of the optimization trajectories and to predict the CPU time for circuit optimization by analysing the characteristics of the initial part of the process.

Findings
We present numerical results that show that we can compare the CPU time for different circuit optimization strategies by analysing the behaviour of a special function. We establish that, for any optimization strategy, there is a correlation between the behaviour of this function and the CPU time that corresponds to that strategy.

Originality/value
The analysis shows that Lyapunov function of optimization process and its time derivative can be informative sources for searching a strategy, which has minimal processor time expense. This permits to predict the best optimization strategy by analyzing only initial part of the optimization process.
Modelling and fixed order robust H∞ control of aerial vehicle: simulation and experimental results
Authors: Chabir Alaa , Boukhnifer Moussa , bouteraa yassine , chaibet ahmed , ghommam jawhar 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
This work focuses on modelling, robust controller design and real time control of 3-DOF Helicopter.

Design/methodology/approach
This study presents an improved H∞ controller for this aerial vehicle

Findings
Simulation and experiment results are addressed to demonstrate the capability of this proposed control strategy to counteract the effect of this disturbance

Originality/value
In order to reduce the complexity of the standard H∞ structure, a fixed order control design is proposed as original approach
Fast balancing method for an AC bridge based on a novel phase matching technique
Authors: Ida Nathan , Pasdar Amir Mehdi 
Published: April 2016

Purpose
Development of a method of balancing an AC bridge with minimum computation time. The applications envisioned are in power system monitoring and sensing

Design/methodology/approach
The method is based on a recursive algorithm, first matching the phase followed by that of amplitude. Each phase step requires three samples per steps.Voltage matching is based on halving the range of measured amplitudes in each step, resulting in an n-step recursive algorithm.

Findings
Computation is minimal - only requires 4 phase matching steps for an error of 1º. Further steps improve on this error. Matching of amplitude is equally fast. The resolution in amplitude is directly proportional to the number of steps. An example and experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the method.

Research limitations/implications
Balancing of AC bridges in conjunction with automated measurement systems is a fairly complex process requiring either extensive computation or dedicated hardware (tunable devices, microprocessors, etc.). The current method is recursive and very light on computation. This means the method can be used in sensing systems where neither extensive hardware nor computational resources are readily available.

Practical implications
The method has been developed for power line AC impedance sensing as part of a power line monitoring system. It is however a general method that can be used in any AC bridge application.

Originality/value
The methods used as well as the implementation are entirely original. These have been developed as part of a research in instrumentation of power line monitoring.