bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Granulite-facies metamorphism of the Palaeoproterozoic – early Palaeozoic gneiss domains of NE Mozambique, East African Orogen
Authors: ENGVIK A. K. , BINGEN B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractGranulite-facies metamorphism recorded in NE Mozambique is attributed to three main tectonothermal events, covering more than 1400 Ma from Palaeoproterozoic – early Palaeozoic time. (1) Usagaran–Ubendian high-grade metamorphism of Palaeoproterozoic age is documented in the Ponta Messuli Complex by Grt-Sil-Crd-bearing metapelites, estimated to pressure (P) 0.75 ± 0.08 GPa and temperature (T) 765 ± 96°C. The post-peak P-T path is characterized by decompression followed by near-isobaric cooling. (2) Irumidian medium- to high-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism is evident in the Unango and Marrupa complexes of late Mesoproterozoic – early Neoproterozoic age. High-pressure granulite-facies is documented by Grt-Cpx-Pl-Rt-bearing mafic granulites in the northwestern part of the Unango Complex, with peak conditions up to P = 1.5 GPa and T = 850°C. Medium-pressure granulite-facies conditions recording P of c. 1.15 GPa and T of 875°C are documented by Grt-Opx-Cpx-Pl assemblage in mafic granulites and charnockitic gneisses of the central part of the Unango Complex. (3) Tectonothermal activity during the Ediacaran–Cambrian Kuunga Orogeny is recorded in the Mesoproterozoic gneiss complexes as amphibolite facies to medium-pressure granulite-facies metamorphism. Granulite facies are documented by Grt-Opx-Cpx-Pl-bearing mafic granulites and charnockitic gneisses, reporting P = 0.99 ± 13 GPa at T = 738 ± 84°C in the Unango Complex and P = 0.92 ± 18 GPa at T = 841 ± 135°C in the Marrupa Complex. This metamorphism is attributed to crustal thickening related to overriding of the Cabo Delgado Nappe Complex, and shorthening along the Lurio Belt during the early Palaeozoic Kuunga Orogeny.
Shades of grey: the legal trade in CITES-listed birds in Singapore, notably the globally threatened African grey parrot Psittacus erithacus
Authors: Poole Colin M. , Shepherd Chris R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThere are few published studies quantifying the volume of wildlife being traded through Singapore. We report on Singapore's involvement in the trade of avifauna listed on CITES based on government-reported data to CITES, with particular emphasis on Singapore's role in the trade of the globally threatened African grey parrot Psittacus erithacus. During 2005–2014 Singapore reported commercial import permits for 225,561 birds, from 35 countries, listed on CITES Appendices I and II, and the export of 136,912 similarly listed birds to 37 countries, highlighting the country's role as a major international transshipment hub for the global aviculture industry. Major exporters to Singapore included the Solomon Islands, the Netherlands, Taiwan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and South Africa. Major importers from Singapore included Taiwan, the United Arab Emirates and Japan. Singapore imported significant quantities of CITES-listed birds from African countries, including the Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Guinea and South Africa, a number of which have a history of abuse of CITES export permits, discrepancies in reported trade data, or an acknowledged lack of wildlife law enforcement capacity. Significant discrepancies were detected between import and export figures of CITES-listed avifauna reported by Singapore and its trading partners. Based on these findings we present three recommendations to improve the regulation and monitoring of the trade in CITES-listed bird species in Singapore.
Cloning and characterization ofγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase in the salt- and oxidative stress-tolerant wild tomato speciesSolanum pennelliiunder abiotic stresses
Authors: Barriah Waseim , Najami Naim , Zaid Hilal 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe wild species of tomatoSolanum pennellii(Lpa) is more tolerant to salt-induced oxidative stress than the cultivated speciesSolanum lycopersicum(Lem), due to the increase of several antioxidative metabolites and enzymes in this species under stress. The increase of reduced glutathione (GSH), one of these metabolites, in NaCl-treated Lpa, is due at least partly to the elevation ofγ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γ-ECS). Introgression line IL 8–3, which was found to include the Lpa orthologue of theγ-ECSgene (Lpaγ-ECS) in Lem's genetic background, was used to assign this gene to chromosome 8 and to assess its relative contribution to the effective antioxidative response of Lpa to stress. The growth of IL 8–3 and Lem plants responded similarly to NaCl and cadmium (Cd) stresses. In both genotypes, GSH and H2O2levels responded also similarly to NaCl stress. NaCl and Cd stresses affected similarly the transcription of theγ-ECSgene in leaves of both IL 8–3 and Lpa plants. The effect of buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), a competitive inhibitor of theγ-ECS enzyme, onγ-ECStranscription was also similar in these two genotypes. Taken together, these results suggest thatγ-ECSorthologues differ mainly in the regulation of their transcription and not at the post-transcriptional or translational levels. The mutation(s) led to these differences in the response of the two orthologues to the salinity and heavy metal stresses are expected to occur in acis-regulatory element(s) located relatively close toγ-ECS.
Identification of resistance sources in wild species of rice against two recently evolved pathotypes ofXanthomonas oryzaepvoryzae
Authors: Neelam Kumari , Lore Jagjeet Singh , Kaur Karminderbir , Pathania Shivali , Kumar Kishor , Sahi Gurpreet , Mangat Gurjit S , Singh Kuldeep 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBacterial blight (BB) of rice caused byXanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae(Xoo) is a major biotic constraint of rice production in all the major irrigated/lowland rice growing regions of Asia, including Punjab and its adjoining states in India. None of the individual BB resistantXa/xagenes is effective against Punjab pathotypes. In the present study, we have screened 1176 accessions, comprising 1007 accessions of A genome speciesOryza glaberrima, O. barthii, O. nivara, O. rufipogon, O. longistaminata, O. meridionalis, O. glumaepatulaand 169 accessions from ten other wild species having CC, FF, EE, BBCC and CCDD genomes against two most recently evolvedXoopathotypes viz. PbXo-10 and PbXo-8 in Punjab state of India, for two constitutive years 2014 and 2015. Based on 2 years of data, four accessions ofO. glaberrima(IRGC102206, IRGC1022445, IRGC102512 and IRGC102520) and two of theO. longistaminataaccessions (IRGC92624 and IRGC101754) were identified with immune reaction against PbXo-8. For PbXo-10,O. longistaminatashowed large number of accessions with complete to partial resistance followed byO. rufipogon(8),O. nivara(2),O. punctata(2) andO. officinalis(1). Two of theO. longistaminataaccessions IRGC92624 and IRGC92644 from Mali were found to have resistance against both theXoopathotypes indicating presence of BB resistance gene other thanXa21. These can be transferred to elite cultivars ofO. sativafor better management of BB.
DIVISION E COMMISSION 10: SOLAR ACTIVITY
Authors: Schrijver Carolus J. , Fletcher Lyndsay , van Driel-Gesztelyi Lidia , Asai Ayumi , Cally Paul S. , Charbonneau Paul , Gibson Sarah E. , Gomez Daniel , Hasan Siraj S. , Veronig Astrid M. , Yan Yihua 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAfter more than half a century of community support related to the science of “solar activity”, IAU's Commission 10 was formally discontinued in 2015, to be succeeded by C.E2 with the same area of responsibility. On this occasion, we look back at the growth of the scientific disciplines involved around the world over almost a full century. Solar activity and fields of research looking into the related physics of the heliosphere continue to be vibrant and growing, with currently over 2,000 refereed publications appearing per year from over 4,000 unique authors, publishing in dozens of distinct journals and meeting in dozens of workshops and conferences each year. The size of the rapidly growing community and of the observational and computational data volumes, along with the multitude of connections into other branches of astrophysics, pose significant challenges; aspects of these challenges are beginning to be addressed through, among others, the development of new systems of literature reviews, machine-searchable archives for data and publications, and virtual observatories. As customary in these reports, we highlight some of the research topics that have seen particular interest over the most recent triennium, specifically active-region magnetic fields, coronal thermal structure, coronal seismology, flares and eruptions, and the variability of solar activity on long time scales. We close with a collection of developments, discoveries, and surprises that illustrate the range and dynamics of the discipline.
HIGHLIGHTS OF COMMISSION 37 SCIENCE RESULTS
Authors: Carraro Giovanni , de Grijs Richard , Elmegreen Bruce , Stetson Peter , Anthony-Twarog Barbara , Goodwin Simon , Geisler Douglas , Minniti Dante 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIt is widely accepted that stars do not form in isolation but result from the fragmentation of molecular clouds, which in turn leads to star cluster formation. Over time, clusters dissolve or are destroyed by interactions with molecular clouds or tidal stripping, and their members become part of the general field population. Star clusters are thus among the basic building blocks of galaxies. In turn, star cluster populations, from young associations and open clusters to old globulars, are powerful tracers of the formation, assembly, and evolutionary history of their parent galaxies. Although their importance (e.g., in mapping out the Milky Way) had been recognised for decades, major progress in this area has only become possible in recent years, both for Galactic and extragalactic cluster populations. Star clusters are the observational foundation for stellar astrophysics and evolution, provide essential tracers of galactic structure, and are unique stellar dynamical environments. Star formation, stellar structure, stellar evolution, and stellar nucleosynthesis continue to benefit and improve tremendously from the study of these systems. Additionally, fundamental quantities such as the initial mass function can be successfully derived from modelling either the Hertzsprung-Russell diagrams or the integrated velocity structures of, respectively, resolved and unresolved clusters and cluster populations. Star cluster studies thus span the fields of Galactic and extragalactic astrophysics, while heavily affecting our detailed understanding of the process of star formation in dense environments. This report highlights science results of the last decade in the major fields covered by IAU Commission 37: Star clusters and associations. Instead of focusing on the business meeting - the out-going president presentation can be found here:http://www.sc.eso.org/gcarraro/splinter2015.pdf- this legacy report contains highlights of the most important scientific achievements in the Commission science area, compiled by 5 well expert members.
Das Erleben der Kunsttherapiegruppe aus PatientInnen- und TherapeutInnensicht
Authors: Ganter-Argast Christiane , Zipfel Stephan 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Im vorliegenden Artikel wird eine Studie vorgestellt, die Erlebensdimensionen der Kunsttherapiegruppe aus PatientInnen- und TherapeutInnensicht untersucht. Es werden zum einen erste Ergebnisse der neu entwickelten Fragebögen Erleben der Kunsttherapiegruppe aus PatientInnen- (FEKTP) und aus TherapeutInnensicht (FEKTTH) präsentiert. Hierfür wurden n = 133 PatientInnen befragt. Ausgangspunkt der Fragebogenkonstruktion waren die Wirkfaktoren von Grawe (2005) und Yalom (1985) . Einige Ergebnisse dieses quantitativen Forschungsansatzes werden in Bezug gesetzt zu den Resultaten aus einem qualitativen, halbstandardisiertem Interview mit einer an Anorexia nervosa erkrankten Patientin. Die Patientin wurde nach ihrem Erleben in der Kunsttherapiegruppe befragt. Das kunsttherapeutische Dokumentationssystem DoKuPro ( Elbing, Hölzer, Danner-Weinberger & Wietersheim, 2009 ) präsentiert aus Therapeutensicht den kunsttherapeutischen Therapieverlauf dieser Patientin.
Tor forms a dimer through an N-terminal helical solenoid with a complex topology
Authors: Baretić Domagoj , Berndt Alex , Ohashi Yohei , Johnson Christopher M. , Williams Roger L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe target of rapamycin (Tor) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase that regulates a range of anabolic and catabolic processes. Tor is present in two complexes, TORC1 and TORC2, in which the Tor–Lst8 heterodimer forms a common sub-complex. We have determined the cryo-electron microscopy (EM) structure of Tor bound to Lst8. Two Tor–Lst8 heterodimers assemble further into a dyad-symmetry dimer mediated by Tor–Tor interactions. The first 1,300 residues of Tor form a HEAT repeat-containing α-solenoid with four distinct segments: a highly curved 800-residue N-terminal 'spiral', followed by a 400-residue low-curvature 'bridge' and an extended ‘railing’ running along the bridge leading to the 'cap' that links to FAT region. This complex topology was verified by domain insertions and offers a new interpretation of the mTORC1 structure. The spiral of one TOR interacts with the bridge of another, which together form a joint platform for the Regulatory Associated Protein of TOR (RAPTOR) regulatory subunit.
Augmenting drug–carrier compatibility improves tumour nanotherapy efficacy
Authors: Zhao Yiming , Fay François , Hak Sjoerd , Manuel Perez-Aguilar Jose , Sanchez-Gaytan Brenda L. , Goode Brandon , Duivenvoorden Raphaël , de Lange Davies Catharina , Bjørkøy Astrid , Weinstein Harel , Fayad Zahi A. , Pérez-Medina Carlos , Mulder Willem J. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA major goal of cancer nanotherapy is to use nanoparticles as carriers for targeted delivery of anti-tumour agents. The drug–carrier association after intravenous administration is essential for efficient drug delivery to the tumour. However, a large number of currently available nanocarriers are self-assembled nanoparticles whose drug-loading stability is critically affected by thein vivoenvironment. Here we usedin vivoFRET imaging to systematically investigate how drug–carrier compatibility affects drug release in a tumour mouse model. We found the drug’s hydrophobicity and miscibility with the nanoparticles are two independent key parameters that determine its accumulation in the tumour. Next, we applied these findings to improve chemotherapeutic delivery by augmenting the parent drug’s compatibility; as a result, we achieved better antitumour efficacy. Our results help elucidate nanomedicines’in vivofate and provide guidelines for efficient drug delivery.
RAS signalling through PI3-Kinase controls cell migration via modulation of Reelin expression
Authors: Castellano Esther , Molina-Arcas Miriam , Krygowska Agata Adelajda , East Philip , Warne Patricia , Nicol Alastair , Downward Julian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractRAS signalling through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-Kinase) has been shown to have an essential role in tumour initiation and maintenance. RAS also regulates cell motility and tumour invasiveness, but the role of direct RAS binding to PI3-Kinase in this remains uncertain. Here, we provide evidence that disruption of RAS interaction with PI3-Kinase p110α decreases cell motility and prevents activation of Rac GTPase. Analysis of gene expression in cells lacking RAS interaction with p110α reveals increased levels of the extracellular matrix glycoprotein Reelin and activation of its downstream pathway resulting in upregulation of E-cadherin expression. Induction of the Reelin/E-cadherin axis is also observed in Kras mutant lung tumours that are regressing due to blockade of RAS interaction with PI3-Kinase. Furthermore, loss of Reelin correlates with decreased survival of lung and breast cancer patients. Reelin thus plays a role in restraining RAS and PI3-kinase promotion of cell motility and potentially tumour metastasis.
Fast and sensitive taxonomic classification for metagenomics with Kaiju
Authors: Menzel Peter , Ng Kim Lee , Krogh Anders 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMetagenomics emerged as an important field of research not only in microbial ecology but also for human health and disease, and metagenomic studies are performed on increasingly larger scales. While recent taxonomic classification programs achieve high speed by comparing genomic k-mers, they often lack sensitivity for overcoming evolutionary divergence, so that large fractions of the metagenomic reads remain unclassified. Here we present the novel metagenome classifier Kaiju, which finds maximum (in-)exact matches on the protein-level using the Burrows–Wheeler transform. We show in a genome exclusion benchmark that Kaiju classifies reads with higher sensitivity and similar precision compared with current k-mer-based classifiers, especially in genera that are underrepresented in reference databases. We also demonstrate that Kaiju classifies up to 10 times more reads in real metagenomes. Kaiju can process millions of reads per minute and can run on a standard PC. Source code and web server are available at http://kaiju.binf.ku.dk.
Magnetic hyperbolic optical metamaterials
Authors: Kruk Sergey S. , Wong Zi Jing , Pshenay-Severin Ekaterina , O'Brien Kevin , Neshev Dragomir N. , Kivshar Yuri S. , Zhang Xiang 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStrongly anisotropic media where the principal components of electric permittivity or magnetic permeability tensors have opposite signs are termed as hyperbolic media. Such media support propagating electromagnetic waves with extremely large wave vectors exhibiting unique optical properties. However, in all artificial and natural optical materials studied to date, the hyperbolic dispersion originates solely from the electric response. This restricts material functionality to one polarization of light and inhibits free-space impedance matching. Such restrictions can be overcome in media having components of opposite signs for both electric and magnetic tensors. Here we present the experimental demonstration of the magnetic hyperbolic dispersion in three-dimensional metamaterials. We measure metamaterial isofrequency contours and reveal the topological phase transition between the elliptic and hyperbolic dispersion. In the hyperbolic regime, we demonstrate the strong enhancement of thermal emission, which becomes directional, coherent and polarized. Our findings show the possibilities for realizing efficient impedance-matched hyperbolic media for unpolarized light.
Phosphorylation modifies the molecular stability of β-amyloid deposits
Authors: Rezaei-Ghaleh Nasrollah , Amininasab Mehriar , Kumar Sathish , Walter Jochen , Zweckstetter Markus 
Published: April 2016

AbstractProtein aggregation plays a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases. A key feature of protein aggregates is their ubiquitous modification by phosphorylation. Little is known, however, about the molecular consequences of phosphorylation of protein aggregates. Here we show that phosphorylation of β-amyloid at serine 8 increases the stability of its pathogenic aggregates against high-pressure and SDS-induced dissociation. We further demonstrate that phosphorylation results in an elevated number of hydrogen bonds at the N terminus of β-amyloid, the region that is critically regulated by a variety of post-translational modifications. Because of the increased lifetime of phosphorylated β-amyloid aggregates, phosphorylation can promote the spreading of β-amyloid in Alzheimer pathogenesis. Our study suggests that regulation of the molecular stability of protein aggregates by post-translational modifications is a crucial factor for disease progression in the brain.
Establishment of clival chordoma cell line MUG-CC1 and lymphoblastoid cells as a model for potential new treatment strategies
Authors: Gellner Verena , Tomazic Peter Valentin , Lohberger Birgit , Meditz Katharina , Heitzer Ellen , Mokry Michael , Koele Wolfgang , Leithner Andreas , Liegl-Atzwanger Bernadette , Rinner Beate 
Published: April 2016

AbstractChordomas are rare malignant tumors that develop from embryonic remnants of the notochord and arise only in the midline from the clivus to the sacrum. Surgery followed by radiotherapy is the standard treatment. As chordomas are resistant to standard chemotherapy, further treatment options are urgently needed. We describe the establishment of a clivus chordoma cell line, MUG-CC1. The cell line is characterized according to its morphology, immunohistochemistry and growth kinetics. During establishment, cell culture supernatants were collected and the growth factors HGF, SDF-1, FGF2 and PDGF analyzed using xMAP® technology. A spontaneous lymphoblastoid EBV-positive cell line was also developed and characterized. MUG-CC1 is strongly positive for brachyury, cytokeratin and S100. The cell line showed gains of the entire chromosomes 7, 8, 12, 13, 16, 18 and 20 and high level gains on chromosomes 1q21–1q24 and 17q21–17q25. During cultivation, there was significant expression of HGF and SDF-1 compared to continuous chordoma cell lines. A new, well-characterized clival chordoma cell line, as well as a non-tumorigenic lymphoblastoid cell line should serve as an in vitro model for the development of potential new treatment strategies for patients suffering from this disease.
Identification of pesticide varieties by testing microalgae using Visible/Near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging technology
Authors: Shao Yongni , Jiang Linjun , Zhou Hong , Pan Jian , He Yong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn our study, the feasibility of using visible/near infrared hyperspectral imaging technology to detect the changes of the internal components of Chlorella pyrenoidosa so as to determine the varieties of pesticides (such as butachlor, atrazine and glyphosate) at three concentrations (0.6 mg/L, 3 mg/L, 15 mg/L) was investigated. Three models (partial least squares discriminant analysis combined with full wavelengths, FW-PLSDA; partial least squares discriminant analysis combined with competitive adaptive reweighted sampling algorithm, CARS-PLSDA; linear discrimination analysis combined with regression coefficients, RC-LDA) were built by the hyperspectral data of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to find which model can produce the most optimal result. The RC-LDA model, which achieved an average correct classification rate of 97.0% was more superior than FW-PLSDA (72.2%) and CARS-PLSDA (84.0%), and it proved that visible/near infrared hyperspectral imaging could be a rapid and reliable technique to identify pesticide varieties. It also proved that microalgae can be a very promising medium to indicate characteristics of pesticides.