bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histiocytosis – cutaneous manifestations of hematopoietic neoplasm and non‐neoplastic histiocytic proliferations
Authors: Luder C.M. , Nordmann T.M. , Ramelyte E. , Mühleisen B. , Kerl K. , Guenova E. , Dummer R. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHistiocytoses are rare disorders characterized by the accumulation of cells derived from macrophages, dendritic cells or monocytes in various tissues. There is a broad spectrum of disease manifestations with some subtypes commonly showing skin lesions, while in others, the skin is rarely involved. Here, we describe cutaneous manifestations of histiocytoses belonging to the Langerhans group (L group), the group of cutaneous and mucocutaneous histiocytoses (C group) and the group of Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) and related histiocytoses (R group) according to the current classification. Characteristic clinical presentations noted were a rust‐brown colour or xanthomatous aspect in many cases of histiocytoses. Histological criteria for differentiation are described. Immunohistochemistry shows positivity for S100 and CD1a in Langerhans‐cell histiocytoses (LHCH) of the L group, while CD68 positivity with S100 and CD1a negativity are typical in histiocytoses of the C group of cutaneous and mucocutaneous histiocytoses. RDD in the R group shows positivity for S100 and CD68, while CD1a is negative. We further review the pathogenesis of LHCH based on insights on the central role of the mitogen‐activated protein (MAPK) kinase pathway. Common mutations in various histiocytic populations of diverse ontogeny and at different stages of differentiation may be responsible for the diverse clinical picture of this neoplastic entity. For histiocytoses of the C group and R group, a reactive origin is discussed with the exception of the disseminated form of juvenile xanthogranuloma. We suggest exploring the role of an origin from skin residing histiocytes for the isolated cutaneous manifestation in some types. With regard to therapeutic options, skin‐directed therapies are the first choice in limited disease, while systemic chemotherapy has traditionally been used in extensive disease. In Langerhans‐cell histiocytoses and related entities, therapy by BRAF inhibition has led to a breakthrough especially in patients with an activation of the MAPK pathway.
Efficacy and toxicity of praziquantel in helminth‐infected barbel (Barbus barbus L.)
Authors: Zuskova E , Piackova V , Machova J , Chupani L , Steinbach C , Stara A , Velisek J 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis study evaluated efficacy and toxicity of the pyrazinoisoquinoline anthelmintic praziquantel (PZQ) in barbel infected with metacercariae of Diplostomum spathaceum and adult Pomphorhynchus laevis, and assessed antioxidant biomarkers and the lipid peroxidation response in juvenile barbel post‐treatment. The estimated 96‐hr LC50 of PZQ was 28.6 mg/L. For evaluation of efficacy, barbel naturally infected with D. spathaceum were exposed to a 10 and 20 mg/L PZQ 4‐day bath treatment. Both concentrations were 100% effective against D. spathaceum and significantly (p < .01) affected the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione‐S‐transferase as well as levels of reduced glutathione in liver and muscle. The efficacy of orally administered PZQ was assessed in adult barbel naturally infected with P. laevis. Fish were administered 10, 30 and 50 mg/kg of body weight and examined via gut dissection after 6 days. The 50 mg/kg dose significantly decreased the intensity of infection. Praziquantel is a feasible bath treatment for barbel infected with D. spathaceum and has potential for oral treatment of broodfish infected with P. laevis.
Inflammatory biomarkers and intellectual disability in patients with Down syndrome
Authors: Manti S. , Cutrupi M. C. , Cuppari C. , Ferro E. , Dipasquale V. , Di Rosa G. , Chimenz R. , La Rosa M. A. , Valenti A. , Salpietro V. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundIntellectual disability (ID) is part of the Down syndrome (DS) phenotypic spectrum, but the exact molecular pathophysiology of ID in individuals with DS is not yet fully understood, with many research hypotheses still unproven. Basing on previous studies (which suggested a possible role of altered inflammatory response in DS‐related ID), we assessed the serum levels of a number of inflammatory biomarkers [serum amyloid A (SAA), C‐reactive protein (C‐RP), high mobility group box‐1 (HMGB1)] in a cohort of individuals with DS and healthy controls.MethodsIn total, 24 children diagnosed with DS and 12 healthy controls were enrolled, and all underwent detailed cognitive assessment. Also, serum SAA, C‐RP and HMGB1 levels were measured in all recruited subjects and correlated to the severity of ID in the DS group.ResultsSerum SAA, C‐RP and HMGB1 values were found to be significantly higher in the DS group compared with the healthy subjects (P = 0.001). In addition, serum HMGB1 levels positively correlated with C‐RP and SAA in the DS group but not in the healthy controls. Only serum C‐RP levels resulted inversely correlated (P < 0.01) with intelligence quotient (IQ); conversely, significant statistical correlations between serum SAA levels and IQ (as well as between HMGB1 and IQ) have been not found (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe levels of the determined markers were higher in DS individuals compared with (cognitively) healthy subjects, and CRP showed a negative correlation with IQ in children with DS.
Genetic removal of eIF2α kinase PERK in mice enables hippocampal L‐LTP independent of mTORC1 activity
Authors: Zimmermann Helena R. , Yang Wenzhong , Beckelman Brenna C. , Kasica Nicole P. , Zhou Xueyan , Galli Lucas Dufresne , Ryazanov Alexey G. , Ma Tao 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCharacterization of the molecular signaling pathways underlying protein synthesis‐dependent forms of synaptic plasticity, such as late long‐term potentiation (L‐LTP), can provide insights not only into memory expression/maintenance under physiological conditions but also potential mechanisms associated with the pathogenesis of memory disorders. Here, we report in mice that L‐LTP failure induced by the mammalian (mechanistic) target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibitor rapamycin is reversed by brain‐specific genetic deletion of PKR‐like ER kinase, PERK (PERK KO), a kinase for eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). In contrast, genetic removal of general control non‐derepressible‐2, GCN2 (GCN2 KO), another eIF2α kinase, or treatment of hippocampal slices with the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, does not rescue rapamycin‐induced L‐LTP failure, suggesting mechanisms independent of eIF2α phosphorylation. Moreover, we demonstrate that phosphorylation of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) is significantly decreased in PERK KO mice but unaltered in GCN2 KO mice or slices treated with the PERK inhibitor. Reduction in eEF2 phosphorylation results in increased general protein synthesis, and thus could contribute to the mTORC1‐independent L‐LTP in PERK KO mice. We further performed experiments on mutant mice with genetic removal of eEF2K (eEF2K KO), the only known kinase for eEF2, and found that L‐LTP in eEF2K KO mice is insensitive to rapamycin. These data, for the first time, connect reduction in PERK activity with the regulation of translation elongation in enabling L‐LTP independent of mTORC1. Thus, our findings indicate previously unrecognized levels of complexity in the regulation of protein synthesis‐dependent synaptic plasticity.
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Read the Editorial Highlight for this article on page 119.Cover Image for this issue: doi: 10.1111/jnc.14185.
Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in the treatment of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A systematic review
Authors: Al‐Maweri Sadeq Ali , Ashraf Sajna , Kalakonda Butchibabu , Halboub Esam , Petro Waleed , AlAizari Nader Ahmed 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to systematically review the efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the management of symptomatic oral lichen planus (OLP).Materials and MethodsPubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and ISI Web of knowledge were searched until July 2017, using the following keywords: OLP, erosive lichen planus, lichen planus, and PDT.ResultsFive clinical studies were included. The risk of bias was considered high in 4 studies and moderate in 1 study. The efficacy of PDT was compared with topical corticosteroids in all included studies. Laser wavelengths, duration of irradiation, and power density ranged between 420‐660 nm, 30 seconds to 10 minutes, and 10‐500 mW/cm2, respectively. All studies reported PDT to be effective in the management of symptomatic OLP. Two studies reported PDT to be as effective as corticosteroids, 1 study reported a better efficacy of PDT compared to corticosteroids, whereas 2 studies found PDT to be inferior to corticosteroids.ConclusionsThe limited available evidence suggests that PDT is an effective treatment option for the management of OLP. However, due to the limited number of studies included in this review and heterogeneity among these studies, more well‐designed clinical trials with adequate sample sizes are highly warranted.
Transcriptome analysis identifies candidate genes associated with melanin and toxin biosynthesis and pathogenicity of the maize pathogen, Curvularia lunata
Authors: Gao Jin‐Xin , Chen Jie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn our previous study, we have successfully cloned and deleted the pks18 gene, which is involved in 1,8‐dihydroxynaphthalene melanin and methyl 5‐(hydroxymethyl) furan‐2‐carboxylate toxin production and in the pathogenicity of Curvularia lunata. Moreover, we hypothesized that other genes may also be related to the melanin and toxin production, or pathogenicity. In this study, a transcriptome approach based on the RNA‐Seq technique was used to identify specific genes associated with pks18 expression in pks18 deletion mutant ∆PKS18 and wild‐type CX‐3. A total of 137 overexpressed and 221 underexpressed genes were successfully identified in ∆PKS18. The NADPH–cytochrome P450 reductase gene CL00874, alcohol dehydrogenase gene CL02247 and L‐lactate dehydrogenase gene CL08767 may be required for the production of melanin and toxin. 1,4‐Beta‐D‐glucan cellobiohydrolase gene CL04068, ribonuclease III gene CL00399, salicylate hydroxylase gene CL00458 and tri14‐like protein gene CL00462 may contribute to the pathogenicity of C. lunata. Alternative splicing (AS) analysis revealed that over 76.15% of AS events involve the intron retention. This comprehensive transcriptomic analysis provides a key resource for understanding the molecular basis of melanin and toxin formation and for further elucidating the pathogenicity of C. lunata.
A distinct group of north European Aedes vexans as determined by mitochondrial and nuclear markers
Authors: Lilja T. , Troell K. , Kirik H. , Lindström A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe floodwater mosquito Aedes (Aedimorphus) vexans (Meigen, 1830) (Diptera: Culicidae) is common in several areas of Sweden and is predicted to become more abundant in the wake of expected changes in precipitation and temperature caused by climate change. As well as being a nuisance, Ae. vexans can act as a vector of over 30 viruses. In the event of an outbreak of disease caused by a vector‐borne virus, knowledge of the distribution, population structure and intermixing of populations from different locations will help direct resources to target locations to prevent spread of the pathogen. The present study analysed individual Ae. vexans from eight locations throughout Sweden. Based on the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) marker, a subset of the analysed mosquitoes cluster apart from the other samples. Similarly, two nuclear loci were sequenced and the same phylogenetic structure observed. These results indicate that this group represents a reproductively isolated population among Ae. vexans. Comparisons with COI sequences held in the Barcode of Life Database (BoLD) for Ae. vexans from around the world show that specimens collected in Belgium and Estonia group together with the Swedish group, suggesting that this genotype is present throughout northern Europe. These results suggest there is a cryptic taxonomic unit related to Ae. vexans in northern Europe.
Collaborative child home injury prevention in Thailand: An action research study
Authors: Machin Alison I. , Ngamsuoy Amornrat , Pearson Pauline 
Published: January 2018

AbstractChild home accidental injury is a global health issue, and promoting child safety is a pediatric nursing challenge worldwide. Planning child home accidental injury prevention requires understanding of factors influencing parents’ behavior. Evidence suggests that participatory health promotion positively influences behavior; however, research on Thai parents is limited. This qualitative, action research study aimed to understand Thai parents’ experiences of participating in a collaborative child home accidental injury prevention program and its influence on their behavior. Eight parental mother/father couples from one Thai province consented to participate, providing a wide range of data via in‐depth individual interviews and self‐assessment questionnaires. Thematic analysis of interview transcripts yielded three themes: collaborative learning, parental behavior change, and reflective learning extends beyond families. Participants reported that workshop participation improved their child home accidental injury‐prevention behavior. The present study can inform pediatric nursing, child health‐care practice, and child health policy in Thailand and beyond.
Is overweight/obesity a risk factor for periodontitis in young adults and adolescents?: a systematic review
Authors: Khan S. , Barrington G. , Bettiol S. , Barnett T. , Crocombe L. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryBackgroundObesity in young adults and adolescents is associated with chronic co‐morbidities. This project investigated whether being overweight or obese is a risk factor for periodontitis in adolescents (13–17 years) and young adults (18–34 years).MethodsA search of 12 databases was conducted using Medical Subject Headings/Index and Emtree terms. Based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses, articles published between 2003 and 2016 were screened that reported periodontal and anthropometric measures. The Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale was used to appraise the quality of studies.ResultsOf 25 eligible studies from 12 countries, 17 showed an association between obesity and periodontitis (odds ratios ranged from 1.1 to 4.5). The obesity indicators of body mass index, waist circumference, waist‐hip ratio and body fat percentage were significantly associated with measures of periodontitis of bleeding on probing, plaque index, probing depths, clinical attachment loss, calculus, oral hygiene index and community periodontal index. Two prospective cohort studies in the review showed no significant association between obesity and periodontitis, but these studies had limitations of study design and used inappropriate epidemiological diagnostic measures of periodontitis.ConclusionThere was evidence to suggest that obesity is associated with periodontitis in adolescents and young adults.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42016046507
Technical note: A clinical skills teaching‐aid for paediatric minor oral surgery
Authors: Foley J.I. , McDonald A. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAimTo describe the preparation of a cost‐effective teaching model for paediatric minor surgical procedures.Material and methodsA surgical simulator for paediatric minor oral surgery for supernumerary‐/canine removal, incisor‐/canine exposure and bonding was created using an impression of a KaVo model in to which Formula Dentsone was poured following the positioning of plastic teeth in to ectopic positions. To simulate soft tissue, a layer of Dentsply Aquasil™ Ultra Monophase Smart Wetting® Impression Material of medium‐body consistency was injected around the gingival margins of the teeth and over the labial/buccal stone and palatal regions.ResultsThe cost/model for the surgical simulator approximated €10, a considerable saving on the commercially available products.ConclusionsSuch a surgical simulator can be readily constructed by institutional Laboratory Services to provide a relatively inexpensive teaching aid for paediatric minor oral surgical procedures.
Reliability and validity of the Atopic Dermatitis Symptom Score (ADSS)
Authors: Lee J. Y. , Kim M. , Yang H.‐K. , Kim H. M. , Cho J. , Kim Y.‐M. , Lim I. S. , Cheong H.‐K. , Kim H. S. , Sohn I. , Kim J. , Ahn K. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundWe have developed the Atopic Dermatitis Symptom Score (ADSS) by which patients or parents can easily assess and record AD symptoms on a daily basis in a smartphone application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the ADSS.MethodsWe enrolled 307 children and adolescents with AD. Parents or caregivers were asked to record daily symptoms of the patients (itching, sleep disturbance, erythema, dryness, oozing, and edema) using a scale of 0‐4. Statistical analyses consisted of the test‐retest reliability, concurrent validity, minimal clinically important difference (MCID), responsiveness, floor or ceiling effects, and screening accuracy. Receiver‐operating characteristic analyses were conducted to evaluate the ADSS cutoff point for predicting severe AD (SCORing AD [SCORAD] ≥40).ResultsTest‐retest reliability between daytime and night‐time ADSS was good (intraclass correlation coefficient, 0.82 [95% CI: 0.70‐0.90]). An increase in ADSS was significantly associated with an increase in SCORAD (r = 0.64, P < .0001) (concurrent validity). The MCID was 4.1 points for the ADSS. There was a significant association between changes in ADSS and SCORAD (r = 0.56, P < .0001), indicating good responsiveness. At the optimal ADSS cutoff value of 7.0, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 88.4%, 78.6%, 21.1%, and 99.1%, respectively (screening accuracy).ConclusionsThe ADSS can be a useful tool for self‐assessment of skin symptoms in children with AD.
Investigating the mechanisms underlying phytoprotection by plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria in Spartina densiflora under metal stress
Authors: Paredes‐Páliz K. , Rodríguez‐Vázquez R. , Duarte B. , Caviedes M. A. , Mateos‐Naranjo E. , Redondo‐Gómez S. , Caçador M. I. , Rodríguez‐Llorente I. D. , Pajuelo E. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Pollution of coasts by toxic metals and metalloids is a worldwide problem for which phytoremediation using halophytes and associated microbiomes is becoming relevant. Metal(loid) excess is a constraint for plant establishment and development, and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) mitigate plant stress under these conditions. However, mechanisms underlying this effect remain elusive. The effect of toxic metal(loid)s on activity and gene expression of ROS‐scavenging enzymes in roots of the halophyte Spartina densiflora grown on real polluted sediments in a greenhouse experiment was investigated.

Sediments of the metal‐polluted joint estuary of Tinto and Odiel rivers and control, unpollutred samples from the Piedras estuary were collected and submitted to ICP‐OES. Seeds of S. densiflora were collected from the polluted Odiel marshes and grown in polluted and unpolluted sediments. Rhizophere biofilm‐forming bacteria were selected based on metal tolerance and inoculated to S. densiflora and grown for 4 months. Fresh or frozen harvested plants were used for enzyme assays and gene expression studies, respectively.

Metal excess induced SOD (five‐fold increase), whereas CAT and ascorbate peroxidase displayed minor induction (twofold). A twofold increase of TBARs indicated membrane damage. Our results showed that metal‐resistant PGPR (P. agglomerans RSO6 and RSO7 and B. aryabhattai RSO25) contributed to alleviate metal stress, as deduced from lower levels of all antioxidant enzymes to levels below those of non‐exposed plants. The oxidative stress index (OSI) decreased between 50 and 75% upon inoculation.

The results also evidenced the important role of PAL, involved in secondary metabolism and/or lignin synthesis, as a pathway for metal stress management in this halophyte upon inoculation with appropriate PGPR, since the different inoculation treatments enhanced PAL expression between 3.75‐ and five‐fold. Our data confirm, at the molecular level, the role of PGPR in alleviating metal stress in S. densiflora and evidence the difficulty of working with halophytes for which little genetic information is available.
Role of ethylene and related gene expression in the interaction between strawberry plants and the plant growth‐promoting bacterium Azospirillum brasilense
Authors: Elías J. M. , Guerrero‐Molina M. F. , Martínez‐Zamora M. G. , Díaz‐Ricci J. C. , Pedraza R. O. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Induced systemic resistance (ISR) is one of the indirect mechanisms of growth promotion exerted by plant growth‐promoting bacteria, and can be mediated by ethylene (ET). We assessed ET production and the expression of related genes in the Azospirillum–strawberry plant interaction.

Ethylene production was evaluated by gas chromatography in plants inoculated or not with A. brasilense REC3. Also, plants were treated with AgNO3, an inhibitor of ET biosynthesis; with 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid (ACC), a precursor of ET biosynthesis; and with indole acetic acid (IAA). Plant dry biomass and the growth index were determined to assess the growth‐promoting effect of A. brasilense REC3 in strawberry plants. Quantitative real time PCR (qRT‐PCR) was performed to analyse relative expression of the genes Faetr1, Faers1 and Faein4, which encode ET receptors; Factr1 and Faein2, involved in the ET signalling pathway; Faacs1 encoding ACC synthase; Faaco1 encoding ACC oxidase; and Faaux1 and Faami1 for IAA synthesis enzymes.

Results showed that ET acts as a rapid and transient signal in the first 12 h post‐treatment. A. brasilense REC3‐inoculated plants had a significantly higher growth index compared to control plants. Modulation of the genes Faetr1, Faers1, Faein4, Factr1, Faein2 and Faaco1 indicated activation of ET synthesis and signalling pathways. The up‐regulation of Faaux1 and Faami1 involved in IAA synthesis suggested that inoculation with A. brasilense REC3 induces production of this auxin, modulating ET signalling.

Ethylene production and up‐regulation of genes associated with ET signalling in strawberry plants inoculated with A. brasilense REC3 support the priming activation characteristic of ISR. This type of resistance and the activation of systemic acquired resistance previously observed in this interaction indicate that both are present in strawberry plants, could act synergistically and increase protection against pathogens.