bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased Lateral Tibial Plateau Slope Predisposes Male College Football Players to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Rahnemai-Azar Ata A. , Yaseen Zaneb , van Eck Carola F. , Irrgang James J. , Fu Freddie H. , Musahl Volker 
Published: June 2016

Background:
There are conflicting reports regarding the role of osseous morphologic characteristics such as an increased tibial slope as associated with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Few studies have analyzed the role of a combination of osseous morphologic characteristics in matched case control studies. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between osseous morphologic characteristics and ACL injury in male college American-football players.

Methods:
Ninety male U.S. National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division-I college football players who underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for a knee injury between 2005 and 2014 were included. Subjects with an ACL injury (ACL-injured group) were matched for age, height, weight, and body mass index to subjects without an ACL injury (control group). Several osseous morphologic characteristics including medial and lateral condylar width, medial and lateral plateau width, notch width, bicondylar width, notch width index, and medial and lateral tibial slopes were measured and were compared between groups. Conditional logistic regression was used to analyze the data. Significance was set at p < 0.05.

Results:
According to univariable analysis, a narrower lateral femoral condyle (odds ratio, 0.82 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.68 to 0.97]), increased medial tibial plateau slope (odds ratio, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.09 to 1.85]), and increased lateral tibial plateau slope (odds ratio, 1.43 [95% CI, 1.15 to 1.78]) were significantly associated with ACL injury. Multivariable analysis revealed that increased lateral tibial slope (odds ratio, 1.32 [95% CI, 1.03 to 1.70]) was the sole independent predictor of ACL injury.

Conclusions:
Based on this study, osseous morphology, specifically increased lateral tibial slope, is associated with ACL injury in male college football players. These data might help to improve prevention strategies to lower ACL injury.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Factors Controlling Fluid Migration and Distribution in the Eagle Ford Shale
Authors: Ramirez John F. , Aguilera Roberto 
Published: June 2016

Summary
Production of shale and tight oil is the cornerstone of the United States race for energy independence. According to the US Energy Information Administration, approximately 90% of the oil-production growth comes from six tight-oil plays. The Eagle Ford is one of these plays, and it accounts for 33% of the oil-production growth with a contribution of 1.3 million B/D. This is outstanding. However, oil recoveries as a percentage of the original oil in place (OOIP) are extremely low. This must be improved.
A geological challenge in the Eagle Ford shale is the understanding of unconventional fluids distribution over geologic time: Shallower in the structure, there is black oil; deeper and to the south; condensate appears; and at the bottom, dry gas can be found. Differences in burial depth, temperature, and vitrinite reflectance are used to explain this unique distribution. A similar fluid distribution occurs in other unconventional reservoirs (e.g., Duvernay shale in Canada).
The low oil recovery and the unusual distribution of fluids led to the key objective of this paper—to identify the main factors that control fluid migration (caused by buoyancy of gas in oil) from one zone to another through geologic time. This was performed by constructing a conceptual cross-sectional compositional simulation model with northwest/southeast orientation that allowed the study of fluid migration, fluid distribution, and fluid contacts throughout 1 million years while maintaining computational time within reasonable limits. The controlling parameters studied were porosity, permeability, pore-throat aperture (rp35), and spacing between natural fractures.
Results show that fluids in the matrix remained with approximately the same original distribution (i.e., approximately the same dry-gas/condensate contact and approximately the same condensate/oil contact). These fluids are the target of an ongoing research project with the ultimate goal of improving oil recovery from tight reservoirs by means of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) (Fragoso et al. 2015). There is, however, some gas migration through natural fractures to the top of the structure. This migration is interpreted in this study to be responsible for higher initial gas production in some oil wells in the top of the structure. Some operators indicate, however, that rapid gas/oil-ratio increases in the updip oil region are the result of low reservoir pressures and the rapid onset of two-phase flow. It would probably take geochemical evidence to support this conclusion.
Progressive Royalty Framework for Oil- and Gas-Development Strategy: Lessons From Nigeria
Authors: Echendu Joseph C. , Iledare Omowunmi O. 
Published: June 2016

Summary
This paper presents a progressive royalty framework and investigates the effects of the various kinds of royalty schemes on oil- and gas-development economics. The conducts and performances of fixed, jumping, and/or sliding royalty schemes are evaluated. Further, the paper reviews the different sliding-scale specifications in fiscal systems and recommends the optimal boundary to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. The proposed royalty scheme recommended in the Inter Agency Team memorandum on the 2008 Petroleum Industry Bill (PIB) of Nigeria (PIB 2008), which was tied to terrain, geology, and value, forms the basis for the royalty design and modeling analysis evaluated in this paper.
The logarithmic sliding-scale royalty scheme is generally perceived to perform better than other schemes (linear, jumping, or fixed scale), but our analysis shows that the effects of terrain and geology matter greatly. This implies that if the royalty scheme is tied to geology, then marginal field operators with marginal production rates would prefer the linearly sliding-scale mechanism to logarithmic scale. Flexibility to switch from one scheme to the other offers incremental fiscal-regime progressiveness in the quest for efficient, effective, equitable, and ethical energy-resource development.
The paper recommends the use of the sliding-scale royalty scheme as a progressive bidding parameter and subsequent rent-extraction instrument. The uncertainty in oil prices and its plummeting trend—plausibly discouraging exploration and exploitation of the not-easy-to-find hydrocarbons—requires progressive royalty schemes to create equitable performance outcomes for all stakeholders in the emerging new petroleum era.
Heterotic Patterns of IITA and CIMMYT Early‐Maturing Yellow Maize Inbreds under Contrasting Environments
Authors: Badu‐Apraku B. , Fakorede M.A.B. , Gedil M. , Annor B. , Talabi A.O. , Akaogu I. C. , Oyekunle M. , Akinwale R.O. , Fasanmade T. Y. 
Published: June 2016

Drought and low soil nitrogen (low‐N) constitute major constraints to maize (Zea maysL.) production in West Africa (WA). The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and International Center for Maize and Wheat Improvement (CIMMYT) have developed drought and low‐N tolerant inbreds for Africa. Combinations between selected IITA and CIMMYT inbreds could produce outstanding hybrids. Diallel crosses of 12 IITA and five CIMMYT early yellow inbreds plus four checks were evaluated under drought, low‐N and optimal conditions at four locations in Nigeria for 2 yr. The objectives were to examine the combining ability of the inbreds for grain yield and other traits, classify the lines into heterotic groups, identify best testers under the contrasting environments, assess genotype × environment interactions and evaluate the yield performance and stability of single‐cross hybrids. Grouping of the inbred lines was done with heterotic group's specific combining ability (SCA) and general combining ability (GCA) (HSGCA), single nucleotide polymorphism based genetic distance (SNP‐GD) and GCA effects of multiple traits (HGCAMT) methods. The GCA mean squares for all traits were greater than SCA mean squares in all environments. The inbreds were classified into four heterotic groups each across environments by HSGCA and SNP‐GD while HGCAMT method placed them into three groups. HGCAMT was the most efficient followed by HSGCA and then SNP‐GD method. The HGCAMT identified inbreds ENT 17, ENT 15, and ENT 8 as best testers for heterotic Groups 1, 2, and 3. Hybrids TZEI 17 × ENT 15, and TZEI 149 × ENT 15 were outstanding across environments.Core IdeasSeventeen inbreds from CIMMYT and IITA were classified into four heterotic groups each across environments by HSGCA and SNP‐GD while HGCAMT method placed them into three groups.The HGCAMT is the most efficient heterotic grouping method and offers a great opportunity for grouping IITA inbreds that are yet to be grouped.The HGCAMT identified inbreds ENT 17, ENT 15, and ENT 8 as best testers for heterotic Groups 1, 2, and 3, across environments.ENT13, TZEI 17, and TZEI 16 may provide genes for drought and low‐N tolerance for broadening and diversifying genetic base of germplasm and to develop hybrids adapted to sub‐Saharan Africa.Planned crosses involving IITA and CIMMYT inbreds could produce outstanding hybrids for commercialization in SSA.
Nitrogen Release Dynamics and Decomposition of Buried and Surface Cover Crop Residues
Authors: Jahanzad E. , Barker A. V. , Hashemi M. , Eaton T. , Sadeghpour A. , Weis S. A. 
Published: June 2016

Integrating cover crops into farming systems may contribute to meeting N demands of succeeding crops and therefore decrease fertilization and environmental concerns. To study the trend of released N in buried (BR) and surface residues (SR) of three different cover crops a 2‐yr field experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design on a fine sandy loam. Forage radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and winter pea (Pisum sativum subsp. arvense L.) decomposition rate and N release trend were compared with cereal rye (Secale cereale L.), as the conventionally grown cover crop in Massachusetts, to evaluate if forage radish or winter pea would provide more N for early planted crops in the spring than cereal rye. Forage radish produced the highest dry matter yield (3.46 Mg ha−1) followed by winter pea (3.1 Mg ha−1) and cereal rye (2.42 Mg ha−1). All of the cover crops had a faster residue decomposition and release of N when buried in the soil. Through the decomposition period, forage radish and winter pea lost their initial biomass and N concentration faster than cereal rye in both BR and SR due to higher C/N ratio and lignin concentration in rye. Our results showed a greater potential of forage radish or winter pea for a synchronous N release relative to crop N demands early in the spring than with cereal rye.Core Ideas

Forage radish has great potential for synchronous N release with cash crop N demands early in the spring.
A high N yielding winterkilled cover crop is preferred over rye if early planting of cash crop is target.
Rye may not provide the succeeding crop with sufficient N when terminated early.
Kompetensi, Pengalaman, dan Pembelajaran Inovasi yang Memengaruhi Kemampuan Berinovasi dan Sukses Kewirausahaan
Authors: Djojo Brata Wibawa 
Published: June 2016

Entreprneurship is one of economic indicator in a country, whereas the entrepreneur would make a job impact to many people. Entrepreneurship could not be implemented without the willingness and capability to make effort. An entrepreneur must have a vision of business opportunities as well, especially in health industry in Indonesia in forthcoming days. The question is on how an entrepreneur could success in health business relating to his or her competencies, experiences, and innovation learning in which also affect innovation capability. This paper studies about some successful Indonesian entrepreneurs in health business whom make an inspiration and input to entrepreneur candidates or existing entrepreneurs. This paper is supported by theoretical review to find the research model’s variables for future research, which might be in empirical study. This paper used judgement sampling method to Indonesian entrepreneurs in health business. The interesting issue is that the competency and success of the entrepreneurs do not always relate to formal education they got, but how the entrepreneurs implement the innovation way in their business. There are some gaps in this paper, whereas how the similiar research could take a good sample and exploit the research design well in the future to get a good and accurate research.
Pengaruh Akuntabilitas dan Transparansi terhadap Pengelolaan Anggaran
Authors: Muljo Hery Harjono , Kurniawati Heny , Pahala Pahala 
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of the application of the principles of good governance such as the principles of accountability and transparency, which is carried out on budget management. The method is quantitative approach. Three hypotheses is proposed in this study. First, whether accountability affects Budget Management, second, whether Transparency affects the Budget Management and third, whether Accountability and Transparency does affect the Budget Management. Research states that accountability is positively associated with budget management, transparency is also positively related to budgetmanagement, and Accountability, and Transparency together positively related to budget management.
OBSERVASI HILĀL DENGAN TELESKOP INFRAMERAH DAN KOMPROMI MENUJU UNIFIKASI KALENDER HIJRIYAH
Authors: Fitri Ahmad Asrof 
Published: June 2016

<p class="IABSSS">This paper intends to offer the thoughts associated with the unification of the Islamic calendar. There are at least two things that need to be done to realize the idea. First, modernize equipment <em>ru’yat al-hilāl</em> based infrared telescopes. This telescope is believed to be able to minimize the obstacles in the implementation of rukyah which have so far happened, like a cloud, the weather, and human error. Second, renders <em>ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> as unifying instrument secured with legal certainty by the government. There are three opinions about matla’, namely <em>ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> global, <em>ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> <em>fī al-wilāyat al-</em><em>ḥ</em><em>ukmi</em>, dan <em>ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> <em>masāfāt al-qa</em><em>ṣ</em><em>r</em>. <em>Ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> <em>fī al-wilāyat al-</em><em>ḥ</em><em>ukmi</em> be one option the most potential to unite the deter­mination of the early months of the Hijriyyah Calender. This effort<em> </em>needs to be done to bridge conflicts that always occurs between the theoretical base (<em>ḥisāb</em>) and empirical base (rukyat) in determining the beginning of the month. This effort is also expected to stimulate the occurrence of compromises between several theories and different groups in the determination of the beginning of the Hijriyyah calender in Indonesia.</p><p class="IABSSS">***</p><p class="IABSSS">Tulisan ini bermaksud menawarkan pemikiran terkait dengan unifikasi kalender Hijriyah. Setidaknya ada dua hal yang perlu dilakukan untuk mewujudkan ide tersebut. Pertama, memodernisasi peralatan <em>ru’yat al-hilāl</em> dengan teleskop berbasis inframerah. Teleskop ini diyakini mampu meminimalisir hambatan dalam pelaksanaan rukyah yang selama ini terjadi, seperti awan, cuaca, dan <em>human error</em>. Kedua, menjadikan <em>ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> sebagai alat pemersatu yang dijamin dengan kepastian hukum oleh pemerintah. Setidaknya ada tiga pendapat tentang <em>ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em>, yaitu <em>ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> global, <em>ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> <em>fī al-wilāyat al-</em><em>ḥ</em><em>ukmi</em>, dan <em>ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> <em>masāfāt al-qa</em><em>ṣ</em><em>r</em>. <em>Ma</em><em>ṭ</em><em>la’</em> <em>fī al-wilāyat al-</em><em>ḥ</em><em>ukmi</em> menjadi salah satu pilihan yang paling potensial untuk menyatukan penentuan awal bulan Hijriyah. Ikhtiar ini perlu dilakukan untuk menjembatani konflik yang selalu terjadi antara landasan teoritik (<em>ḥisāb</em>) dan landasan empirik (rukyat) dalam penetapan awal bulan. Pada akhirnya terobosan ini diharapkan mampu menstimulasi terjadinya kompromi-kompromi antara beberapa teori dan mazhab yang berbeda dalam penentuan awal bulan Hijriyah di Indonesia.</p><p class="IABSSS">***</p><p class="IABSSS">Keywords: <em> ru’yat al-hilāl, </em> teleskop inframerah, unifikasi kalender Hijriyah<em>, maṭla’</em></p>
Induction of Labour an Audit of Indications and Obstetrical Outcome in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Jalil G , Malik R M. , Sohail N , Razaque A 
Published: June 2016

Objective: To examine the indications of induction of labour at Services Hospital Lahore, a tertiary) care hospital and to study the maternal and fetal outcomes of this obstetrical intervention. Study design:: This study involved a retrospective analysis of 100 patients with Bishop score Of ≤ 6, admitted for induction of labour, done with Prostaglandin E2 , pessary (Dinoprostone 3mg), followed by amniotomy and / or oxytocin infusion. A comparison of indications and outcomes was made among nullipara and multipara. Data was analyzed by X2’ and Student’s / test. Results: The induction rate was 8% and the commonest indication was hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 42%, followed by prolonged pregnancy 22% and pre- labour rupture of membranes 21% . The mean induction to delivery interval was 21.2 hours for nullipara and 15. 1 hours for parous women, p = 0.00 was statistically significant. The caesarean delivery rate was higher with induced labours in nullipara 52% than in multipara 22%, the difference was statistically significant. 21% babies born with induced labours had Apgar score ≤ 4 and 8% required admission in neonatal intensive care unit. 17% patients had postnatal or post-operative complications. There were perinatal or maternal losses. Conclusion: It was concluded from the study that labour induction results in increased risk of operative delivery and longer hospital stay. Therefore, all obstetrical units should monitor the frequency of labour induction, scrutinize the indications and assess the impact of induction to determine the effect on caesarean delivery rate and perinatal outcome.
Type 2 Diabetes Remission Rates After Laparoscopic Gastric Bypass and Gastric Banding: Results of the Longitudinal Assessment of Bariatric Surgery Study
Authors: Purnell Jonathan Q. , Selzer Faith , Wahed Abdus S. , Pender John , Pories Walter , Pomp Alfons , Dakin Greg , Mitchell James , Garcia Luis , Staten Myrlene A. , McCloskey Carol , Cummings David E. , Flum David R. , Courcoulas Anita , Wolfe Bruce M. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
The goals of this study were to determine baseline and postbariatric surgical characteristics associated with type 2 diabetes remission and if, after controlling for differences in weight loss, diabetes remission was greater after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) than laparoscopic gastric banding (LAGB).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
An observational cohort of obese participants was studied using generalized linear mixed models to examine the associations of bariatric surgery type and diabetes remission rates for up to 3 years. Of 2,458 obese participants enrolled, 1,868 (76%) had complete data to assess diabetes status at both baseline and at least one follow-up visit. Of these, 627 participants (34%) were classified with diabetes: 466 underwent RYGBP and 140 underwent LAGB.

RESULTS
After 3 years, 68.7% of RYGBP and 30.2% of LAGB participants were in diabetes remission. Baseline factors associated with diabetes remission included a lower weight for LAGB, greater fasting C-peptide, lower leptin-to-fat mass ratio for RYGBP, and a lower hemoglobin A1c without need for insulin for both procedures. After both procedures, greater postsurgical weight loss was associated with remission. However, even after controlling for differences in amount of weight lost, relative diabetes remission rates remained nearly twofold higher after RYGBP than LAGB.

CONCLUSIONS
Diabetes remission up to 3 years after RYGBP and LAGB was proportionally higher with increasing postsurgical weight loss. However, the nearly twofold greater weight loss–adjusted likelihood of diabetes remission in subjects undergoing RYGBP than LAGB suggests unique mechanisms contributing to improved glucose metabolism beyond weight loss after RYGBP.
Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Recent Acute Coronary Syndromes From the EXAMINE Trial
Authors: White William B. , Kupfer Stuart , Zannad Faiez , Mehta Cyrus R. , Wilson Craig A. , Lei Lanyu , Bakris George L. , Nissen Steven E. , Cushman William C. , Heller Simon R. , Bergenstal Richard M. , Fleck Penny R. , Cannon Christopher P. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
We evaluated the risk of cardiovascular (CV) death in all Examination of Cardiovascular Outcomes with Alogliptin versus Standard of Care (EXAMINE) study participants and in those who experienced an on-study, major nonfatal CV event.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
The study randomly assigned 5,380 patients with type 2 diabetes to alogliptin or placebo within 15 to 90 days of an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Deaths and nonfatal CV events (myocardial infarction [MI], stroke, hospitalized heart failure [HHF], and hospitalization for unstable angina [UA]) were adjudicated. Patients were monitored until censoring or death, regardless of a prior postrandomized nonfatal CV event. Time-updated multivariable Cox models were used to estimate the risk of death in the absence of or after each nonfatal event.

RESULTS
Rates of CV death were 4.1% for alogliptin and 4.9% for placebo (hazard ratio [HR] 0.85; 95% CI 0.66, 1.10). A total of 736 patients (13.7%) experienced a first nonfatal CV event (5.9% MI, 1.1% stroke, 3.0% HHF, and 3.8% UA). Compared with patients not experiencing a nonfatal event, the adjusted HR (95% CI) for death was 3.12 after MI (2.13, 4.58; P &lt; 0.0001) 4.96 after HHF (3.29, 7.47; P &lt; 0.0001), 3.08 after stroke (1.29, 7.37; P = 0.011), and 1.66 after UA (0.81, 3.37; P = 0.164). Mortality rates after a nonfatal event were comparable for alogliptin and placebo.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with type 2 diabetes and a recent ACS, the risk of CV death was higher after a postrandomization, nonfatal CV event, particularly heart failure, compared with those who did not experience a CV event. The risk of CV death was similar between alogliptin and placebo.