bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Land markets and migration trends in Tanzania: A qualitative‐quantitative analysis
Authors: Wineman Ayala , Liverpool‐Tasie Lenis Saweda 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWhile migration has been found to enhance welfare across a range of settings, most of the literature focuses on rural‐to‐urban migrant flows. Using a unique dataset from north‐western Tanzania, this article probes an important, yet overlooked, link between land markets and rural‐to‐rural migration. A mixed‐methods approach is used to discern how these two forces are intertwined in village life. Results indicate that household decisions to migrate are particularly influenced by the ease of market‐based land access in their new communities. This suggests that labour mobility may be facilitated through the development of a well‐functioning land market.
ON THE SOURCES OF UNCERTAINTY IN EXCHANGE RATE PREDICTABILITY
Authors: Byrne Joseph P. , Korobilis Dimitris , Ribeiro Pinho J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractIn a unified framework, we examine four sources of uncertainty in exchange rate forecasting models: (i) random variations in the data, (ii) estimation uncertainty, (iii) uncertainty about the degree of time variation in coefficients, and (iv) uncertainty regarding the choice of the predictor. We find that models that embed a high degree of coefficient variability yield forecast improvements at horizons beyond one month. At the one‐month horizon, and apart from the standard variance implied by unpredictable fluctuations in the data, the second and third sources of uncertainty listed above are key obstructions to predictive ability. The uncertainty regarding the choice of the predictors is negligible.
The Evolution of the Credit‐to‐GDP Ratio: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Gil‐Alana Luis Alberiko , Trani Tommaso 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe assess the persistence of the credit‐to‐GDP ratio over more than 130 years of data for 11 advanced economies, employing an approach based on fractional integration and allowing for nonlinearities. We show how the time series properties of the data changed around World War II (WWII). Moreover, our findings are consistent with the idea that the supply of mortgage loans has been particularly strong since WWII, in the sense that the degree of integration of the leverage ratio obtained with only these loans is larger than that of the ratio obtained with the total loans for almost all the studied countries. Nevertheless, it is generally the case that both types of ratios show a higher degree of integration after WWII than before it, though often insignificantly, and that their time trends are significant only after WWII.
RPL18aB helps maintain suspensor identity during early embryogenesis
Authors: Xie Fei , Yan Hailong , Sun Yang , Wang Yameng , Chen Hong , Mao Wanying , Zhang Liyao , Sun Mengxiang , Peng Xiongbo 
Published: November 2017

SummaryDuring embryogenesis, plants are thought to use a mechanism that allows the suspensor to maintain its identity. Here, we reported that RPL18aB is involved in this mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana. The suspensor cells proliferated in rpl18aB and formed a multicellular structure rather than undergo programmed cell death, as in wild type. Suspensors of rpl18aB expressed the embryo proper marker, DRN::GFP, but not the suspensor marker, WOX8::GFP. In addition, auxin accumulated throughout the suspensors of rpl18aB proembryos. Suspensor‐specific expression of RPL18aB could rescue the cell proliferation defects in rpl18aB suspensors. These findings supported a role for RPL18aB in maintaining suspensor identity.
Intellectual disability is a risk factor for delayed emergence from total intravenous anaesthesia
Authors: Higuchi H. , Maeda S. , Ishii‐Maruhama M. , Honda‐Wakasugi Y. , Yabuki‐Kawase A. , Miyawaki T. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that ID influences the depth of general anaesthesia (GA) and delays emergence from GA. In this retrospective cohort study, we investigated whether ID affects the time taken to emerge from GA.MethodsWe selected dental patients who underwent GA at the Department of Dental Anaesthesiology, Okayama University Hospital, using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, before dividing the selected participants into ID and non‐ID (control) groups. Relevant data were collected from electronic anaesthesia records. Emergence time, the time from the discontinuation of propofol and remifentanil to tracheal extubation, was recorded for each patient. We compared the data of the ID group and control group. The association between ID and the emergence time was tested for statistical significance. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to control for confounders.ResultsA total of 97 cases (control = 50, ID = 47) were included in the study. The emergence time was significantly longer in the ID group (ID group: 15.8 ± 6.6 min, control group: 10.8 ± 3.6 min). The ID group included more men and lower propofol and remifentanil infusion rates. The treatment time was longer, and the mean bispectral index was lower in the ID group. Sevoflurane inhalation was used only for anaesthesia induction in the ID group. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, ID was found to be significantly associated with a longer emergence time.ConclusionOur results suggest that ID is associated with a longer emergence time from GA.
Integrating Trauma‐Informed Care Into Maternity Care Practice: Conceptual and Practical Issues
Authors: Sperlich Mickey , Seng Julia S. , Li Yang , Taylor Julie , Bradbury‐Jones Caroline 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdverse childhood experiences have a strong negative impact on health and are a significant public health concern. Adverse childhood experiences, including various forms of child maltreatment, together with their mental health sequelae (eg, posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, dissociation) also contribute to adverse pregnancy outcomes (eg, preterm birth, low birth weight), poor postpartum mental health, and impaired or delayed bonding. Intergenerational patterns of maltreatment and mental health disorders have been reported that could be addressed in the childbearing year. Trauma‐informed care is increasingly used in health care organizations and has the potential to assist in improving maternal and infant health. This article presents an overview of traumatic stress sequelae of childhood maltreatment and adversity, the impact of traumatic stress on childbearing, and technical assistance that is available from the National Center for Trauma‐Informed Care (NCTIC) before articulating some steps to conceptualizing and implementing trauma‐informed care into midwifery and other maternity care practices.
Agreement Between Actigraphy and Diary‐Recorded Measures of Sleep in Children With Epilepsy
Authors: Tsai Shao‐Yu , Lee Wang‐Tso , Lee Chien‐Chang , Jeng Suh‐Fang , Weng Wen‐Chin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPurposeTo describe sleep patterns in young children with epilepsy and to examine levels of agreement between measurements derived from actigraphy and diary recordings.DesignCross‐sectional study.MethodsEighty‐nine toddlers and preschool‐aged children with epilepsy wore an actigraph on their wrists for 7 consecutive days. Parents and caregivers maintained a concurrent sleep diary while the child was wearing the monitor. Levels of agreement between actigraphy and diary recordings were examined using the Bland and Altman method separately for all recording days, weekdays, and weekends.FindingsDiscrepancies between actigraphy‐derived and diary‐documented sleep onset, sleep offset, actual sleep at night, wake after sleep onset, and daytime sleep were ±35, ±15, ±82, ±70, and ±29 min, respectively. Differences between actigraphy and diary‐derived sleep variables were consistently greater for weekends than for weekdays. Discrepancies between actigraphy and diary‐derived actual sleep at night were significantly greater for children who slept alone than for those who co‐slept with a parent.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates an acceptable agreement between actigraphy and diary recordings for sleep onset, sleep offset, and daytime sleep, but insufficient agreement for actual sleep at night and wake after sleep onset, with parents of children sleeping alone more likely to misestimate child sleep behaviors. Deviation of weekend sleep from weekdays further decreased the accuracy of parental sleep estimates and increased the discrepancies between actigraphy and diary.Clinical RelevanceSleep in children with epilepsy assessed using diary recordings alone could be misleading, and actigraphy should be preferred over diaries when resources are available.
Access to credit and investment decisions of small‐ and medium‐sized enterprises in China
Authors: Regis Paulo José 
Published: November 2017

AbstractFinancial constraints are common in developing countries where financial systems are underdeveloped. In China, firms report that access to finance is the most important obstacle in the business environment. This is related to firms that fail to gain access to the credit market. We examine the likelihood of gaining access to credit by firms, and find that size and exporting appear to be the key characteristics. Credit constraints are significant for investment decisions. Together with size, access to credit is among the firm characteristics with the greatest impact on the likelihood to invest.
Automated Interpretation of Blood Culture Gram Stains by Use of a Deep Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: Smith Kenneth P. , Kang Anthony D. , Kirby James E. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Microscopic interpretation of stained smears is one of the most operator-dependent and time-intensive activities in the clinical microbiology laboratory. Here, we investigated application of an automated image acquisition and convolutional neural network (CNN)-based approach for automated Gram stain classification. Using an automated microscopy platform, uncoverslipped slides were scanned with a 40× dry objective, generating images of sufficient resolution for interpretation. We collected 25,488 images from positive blood culture Gram stains prepared during routine clinical workup. These images were used to generate 100,213 crops containing Gram-positive cocci in clusters, Gram-positive cocci in chains/pairs, Gram-negative rods, or background (no cells). These categories were targeted for proof-of-concept development as they are associated with the majority of bloodstream infections. Our CNN model achieved a classification accuracy of 94.9% on a test set of image crops. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis indicated a robust ability to differentiate between categories with an area under the curve of >0.98 for each. After training and validation, we applied the classification algorithm to new images collected from 189 whole slides without human intervention. Sensitivity and specificity were 98.4% and 75.0% for Gram-positive cocci in chains and pairs, 93.2% and 97.2% for Gram-positive cocci in clusters, and 96.3% and 98.1% for Gram-negative rods. Taken together, our data support a proof of concept for a fully automated classification methodology for blood-culture Gram stains. Importantly, the algorithm was highly adept at identifying image crops with organisms and could be used to present prescreened, classified crops to technologists to accelerate smear review. This concept could potentially be extended to all Gram stain interpretive activities in the clinical laboratory.
Novel Insect-Specific Eilat Virus-Based Chimeric Vaccine Candidates Provide Durable, Mono- and Multivalent, Single-Dose Protection against Lethal Alphavirus Challenge
Authors: Erasmus Jesse H. , Seymour Robert L. , Kaelber Jason T. , Kim Dal Y. , Leal Grace , Sherman Michael B. , Frolov Ilya , Chiu Wah , Weaver Scott C. , Nasar Farooq 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Most alphaviruses are mosquito borne and exhibit a broad host range, infecting many different vertebrates, including birds, rodents, equids, humans, and nonhuman primates. Recently, a host-restricted, mosquito-borne alphavirus, Eilat virus (EILV), was described with an inability to infect vertebrate cells based on defective attachment and/or entry, as well as a lack of genomic RNA replication. We investigated the utilization of EILV recombinant technology as a vaccine platform against eastern (EEEV) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis viruses (VEEV), two important pathogens of humans and domesticated animals. EILV chimeras containing structural proteins of EEEV or VEEV were engineered and successfully rescued in
Aedes albopictus
cells. Cryo-electron microscopy reconstructions at 8 and 11 Å of EILV/VEEV and EILV/EEEV, respectively, showed virion and glycoprotein spike structures similar to those of VEEV-TC83 and other alphaviruses. The chimeras were unable to replicate in vertebrate cell lines or in brains of newborn mice when injected intracranially. Histopathologic examinations of the brain tissues showed no evidence of pathological lesions and were indistinguishable from those of mock-infected animals. A single-dose immunization of either monovalent or multivalent EILV chimera(s) generated neutralizing antibody responses and protected animals against lethal challenge 70 days later. Lastly, a single dose of monovalent EILV chimeras generated protective responses as early as day 1 postvaccination and partial or complete protection by day 6. These data demonstrate the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of novel insect-specific EILV-based chimeras as potential EEEV and VEEV vaccines.

IMPORTANCE
Mostly in the last decade, insect-specific viruses have been discovered in several arbovirus families. However, most of these viruses are not well studied and largely have been ignored. We explored the use of the mosquito-specific alphavirus EILV as an alphavirus vaccine platform in well-established disease models for eastern (EEE) and Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE). EILV-based chimeras replicated to high titers in a mosquito cell line yet retained their host range restriction in vertebrates both
in vitro
and
in vivo
. In addition, the chimeras generated immune responses that were higher than those of other human and/or equine vaccines. These findings indicate the feasibility of producing a safe, efficacious, mono- or multivalent vaccine against the encephalitic alphaviruses VEEV and EEEV. Lastly, these data demonstrate how host-restricted, insect-specific viruses can be engineered to develop vaccines against related pathogenic arboviruses that cause severe disease in humans and domesticated animals.
Ancient Regulatory Role of Lysine Acetylation in Central Metabolism
Authors: Nakayasu Ernesto S. , Burnet Meagan C. , Walukiewicz Hanna E. , Wilkins Christopher S. , Shukla Anil K. , Brooks Shelby , Plutz Matthew J. , Lee Brady D. , Schilling Birgit , Wolfe Alan J. , Müller Susanne , Kirby John R. , Rao Christopher V. , Cort John R. , Payne Samuel H. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT
Lysine acetylation is a common protein post-translational modification in bacteria and eukaryotes. Unlike phosphorylation, whose functional role in signaling has been established, it is unclear what regulatory mechanism acetylation plays and whether it is conserved across evolution. By performing a proteomic analysis of 48 phylogenetically distant bacteria, we discovered conserved acetylation sites on catalytically essential lysine residues that are invariant throughout evolution. Lysine acetylation removes the residue’s charge and changes the shape of the pocket required for substrate or cofactor binding. Two-thirds of glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle enzymes are acetylated at these critical sites. Our data suggest that acetylation may play a direct role in metabolic regulation by switching off enzyme activity. We propose that protein acetylation is an ancient and widespread mechanism of protein activity regulation.

IMPORTANCE
Post-translational modifications can regulate the activity and localization of proteins inside the cell. Similar to phosphorylation, lysine acetylation is present in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes and modifies hundreds to thousands of proteins in cells. However, how lysine acetylation regulates protein function and whether such a mechanism is evolutionarily conserved is still poorly understood. Here, we investigated evolutionary and functional aspects of lysine acetylation by searching for acetylated lysines in a comprehensive proteomic data set from 48 phylogenetically distant bacteria. We found that lysine acetylation occurs in evolutionarily conserved lysine residues in catalytic sites of enzymes involved in central carbon metabolism. Moreover, this modification inhibits enzymatic activity. Our observations suggest that lysine acetylation is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of controlling central metabolic activity by directly blocking enzyme active sites.
Hydrochemical and isotopic characterization of carbonate aquifers under natural flow conditions, Sierra Grazalema Natural Park, southern Spain
Authors: Sánchez Damián , Antonio Barberá Juan , Mudarra Matías , Andreo Bartolomé , Martín José Francisco 
Published: November 2017

Abstract

We used hydrogeochemical techniques and environmental isotopes (δ
18
O and δ
2
H) to characterize karst aquifers without a well-known hydrogeological conceptual model. The selected study area corresponds to carbonate outcrops located in the Sierra Grazalema Natural Park (SGNP) in southern Spain. The combination of high rainfall, large areas of carbonate outcrops and the high permeability of the outcropping rocks means that the SGNP is a strategic water reserve in a region that periodically suffers from a scarcity of water. There are still many uncertainties regarding the hydrogeological functioning of these aquifers, such as the groundwater flow paths, the identification of recharge areas and a possible hydrogeological connection with adjacent systems. The objectives of this work were: (1) to gain an insight into the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater in the SGNP aquifers; (2) to identify the recharge areas of the main springs of the karst system; and (3) to contribute to our understanding and conceptualization of the SGNP aquifers. Our results show marked differences in the chemical composition of the groundwater, which can be classified into three main groups: CaHCO
3
waters (southern sector); Ca–MgHCO
3
waters (northern sector); and those with higher SO
4
2−
, Na
+
and/or Cl
−
concentrations. These hydrochemical differences are principally dependent on the mineral composition of the rocks the groundwater flows through and comes into contact with. These results also shed light on the recharge areas associated with the main springs and seem to corroborate a possible net groundwater flow from the eastern part of the SGNP (Sierra del Endrinal) towards carbonate outcrops situated several kilometres to the SE.
Delivering Type I Interferon to Dendritic Cells Empowers Tumor Eradication and Immune Combination Treatments
Authors: Cauwels Anje , Van Lint Sandra , Paul Franciane , Garcin Geneviève , De Koker Stefaan , Van Parys Alexander , Wueest Thomas , Gerlo Sarah , Van der Heyden José , Bordat Yann , Catteeuw Dominiek , Rogge Elke , Verhee Annick , Vandekerckhove Bart , Kley Niko , Uzé Gilles , Tavernier Jan 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
An ideal generic cancer immunotherapy should mobilize the immune system to destroy tumor cells without harming healthy cells and remain active in case of recurrence. Furthermore, it should preferably not rely on tumor-specific surface markers, as these are only available in a limited set of malignancies. Despite approval for treatment of various cancers, clinical application of cytokines is still impeded by their multiple toxic side effects. Type I IFN has a long history in the treatment of cancer, but its multifaceted activity pattern and complex side effects prevent its clinical use. Here we develop AcTakines (Activity-on-Target cytokines), optimized (mutated) immunocytokines that are up to 1,000-fold more potent on target cells, allowing specific signaling in selected cell types only. Type I IFN-derived AcTaferon (AFN)-targeting Clec9A+ dendritic cells (DC) displayed strong antitumor activity in murine melanoma, breast carcinoma, and lymphoma models and against human lymphoma in humanized mice without any detectable toxic side effects. Combined with immune checkpoint blockade, chemotherapy, or low-dose TNF, complete tumor regression and long-lasting tumor immunity were observed, still without adverse effects. Our findings indicate that DC-targeted AFNs provide a novel class of highly efficient, safe, and broad-spectrum off-the-shelf cancer immunotherapeutics with no need for a tumor marker.
Significance: Targeted type I interferon elicits powerful antitumor efficacy, similar to wild-type IFN, but without any toxic side effects. Cancer Res; 78(2); 463–74. ©2017 AACR.
Three new species of Bathysciola Jeannel, 1910 (Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini) from caves in Central Italy, comparing morphological taxonomy with molecular phylogeny
Authors: Latella Leonardo , Sbordoni Valerio , Allegrucci Giuliana 
Published: November 2017

The genus Bathysciola is widely distributed in the northern Mediterranean region, although its range extends east to the Caucasus and Iran. More than 130 species belonging to this genus are actually known in the whole geographic distribution area and 45 species are distributed in continental and insular Italy. The species belonging to the Bathysciola sisernica
Cerruti and Patrizi, 1952 species group occur in the Central-Southern Italian Apennines and Pre-Apennines. This group consists of seven species, four of which (B. sisernica, B. delayi Latella and Rampini, 1994, B. rampinii
Latella, 2002, B. sbordoni Rampini and Latella, 1993) were already known to science and three are described herein, Bathysciola fabiolae
sp. nov., Bathysciola octaviani
sp. nov.

, and Bathysciola valeriae
sp. nov., markedly increasing the knowledge on the distribution of this genus in Central Italy. A morphological analysis was carried out based on diagnostic characters usually used to distinguish different taxa, and including both genitalia and external traits. Based on morphological characters, we reconstructed the phylogeny of this group of species, comparing them with the species belonging to other phyletic lineages, such as B. derosasi
Jeannel, 1914, B. georgi Cerruti, Patrizi, 1952, B. vignai Sbordoni and Rampini, 1978, and B. sarteanensis sarteanensis (Bargagli, 1870). Results suggested that morphological traits show a clear taxonomic signal but a poor phylogenetic signal. To better understand the relationships within this group of species, we performed a molecular analysis by sequencing three mitochondrial genes, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, partially sequenced and the entire gene of COI. Molecular markers were used to infer phylogenetic relationships among the Bathysciola sisernica species group and to reconstruct the historical processes that shaped their current geographic distribution. Results showed that these species became isolated in very ancient times, showing very high genetic differentiation.