bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facile Synthesis of Yolk–Shell Nanostructured Photocatalyst with Improved Adsorption Properties and Molecular‐Sieving Properties
Authors: Kuwahara Yasutaka , Sumida Yuki , Fujiwara Kensei , Yamashita Hiromi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA novel and facile method to fabricate yolk–shell nanostructured photocatalysts consisting of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) as the core and spherical hollow silica as the shell was developed. In the fabrication, commercial TiO2 NPs were directly incorporated into hollow silica spheres by utilizing oil‐in‐water (O/W) microemulsions as a template, followed by heat treatment to create a void space between the TiO2 core and the silica shell region. The synthesized yolk–shell nanostructured TiO2@SiO2 acts as an efficient photocatalyst with both improved adsorption properties and photocatalytic efficiency, which far outperformed those of naked TiO2 owing to the ability of the porous silica shell to adsorb/enrich small organic reactants (acetaldehyde and 2‐propanol) inside the void space and efficient transportation to the adjacent active TiO2 core. Comparative photocatalytic tests using a large organic molecule (conalbumin) revealed that the porous silica shell with an average pore diameter of 2.0 nm endowed this material with a molecular‐sieving property, demonstrating its potential application in combination with organic support materials.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence of Chiral Perylene Diimide Based Enantiomers Triggered by Supramolecular Self‐Assembly
Authors: Li Fei , Li Yunzhi , Wei Guo , Wang Yuxiang , Li Shuhua , Cheng Yixiang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTwo perylene diimide (PDI) enantiomers (d/l‐PDI) incorporating the d/l‐alanine moiety have been designed and synthesized. d/l‐PDI in chloroform displays bright‐yellow fluorescence that is redshifted to orange‐red when the solvent contains a methanol fraction of 99 vol %. No circular dichroism (CD) or circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signals were observed for d/l‐PDI enantiomers in CHCl3. Interestingly, the d/l‐PDI enantiomers exhibit clear mirror‐image Cotton effects and CPL emission in the aggregate state. The optical anisotropy factor (glum) is as high as 0.02 at fm=99 %, which can be attributed to self‐assembly through intermolecular π–π interactions in the aggregate state.
Red–Green–Blue Trichromophoric Nanoparticles with Dual Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer: Highly Sensitive Fluorogenic Response Toward Polyanions
Authors: Xu Jinjia , Takai Atsuro , Takeuchi Masayuki 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA red–green–blue (RGB) trichromophoric fluorescent organic nanoparticle exhibiting multi‐colour emission was constructed; the blue‐emitting cationic oligofluorene nanoparticle acted as an energy‐donor scaffold to undergo fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to a red‐emitting dye embedded in the nanoparticle (interior FRET) and to a green‐emitting dye adsorbed on the surface through electrostatic interactions (exterior FRET). Each FRET event occurs independently and is free from sequential FRET, thus the resultant dual‐FRET system exhibits multi‐colour emission, including white, in aqueous solution and film state. A characteristic white‐emissive nanoparticle showed visible responses upon perturbation of the exterior FRET efficiency by acceptor displacement, leading to highly sensitive responses toward polyanions in a ratiometric manner. Specifically, our system exhibits high sensitivity toward heparin with an extremely low detection limit.
Calcium rundum vernetzt
Authors: Groß Michael 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCalciumionen spielen in unserem Stoffwechsel mehrere wichtige Rollen – als Baumaterial in Knochen sowie als “second messenger” bei den Signalwegen innerhalb der Zelle. Weniger bekannt und erforscht ist, dass es auch außerhalb der Zelle Signale geben kann – die Kristallstruktur des dafür zuständigen Rezeptors wurde erst vor kurzem aufgeklärt. Somit umfasst das Kommunikationsnetz des Calciums unseren ganzen Körper.
Targeting an Aromatic Hotspot in Plasmodium falciparum 1‐Deoxy‐d‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate Reductoisomerase with β‐Arylpropyl Analogues of Fosmidomycin
Authors: Sooriyaarachchi Sanjeewani , Chofor René , Risseeuw Martijn D. P. , Bergfors Terese , Pouyez Jenny , Dowd Cynthia S. , Maes Louis , Wouters Johan , Jones T. Alwyn , Van Calenbergh Serge , Mowbray Sherry L. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBlocking the 2‐C‐methyl‐d‐erythrithol‐4‐phosphate pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis offers new ways to inhibit the growth of Plasmodium spp. Fosmidomycin [(3‐(N‐hydroxyformamido)propyl)phosphonic acid, 1] and its acetyl homologue FR‐900098 [(3‐(N‐hydroxyacetamido)propyl)phosphonic acid, 2] potently inhibit 1‐deoxy‐d‐xylulose‐5‐phosphate reductoisomerase (Dxr), a key enzyme in this biosynthetic pathway. Arylpropyl substituents were introduced at the β‐position of the hydroxamate analogue of 2 to study changes in lipophilicity, as well as electronic and steric properties. The potency of several new compounds on the P. falciparum enzyme approaches that of 1 and 2. Activities against the enzyme and parasite correlate well, supporting the mode of action. Seven X‐ray structures show that all of the new arylpropyl substituents displace a key tryptophan residue of the active‐site flap, which had made favorable interactions with 1 and 2. Plasticity of the flap allows substituents to be accommodated in many ways; in most cases, the flap is largely disordered. Compounds can be separated into two classes based on whether the substituent on the aromatic ring is at the meta or para position. Generally, meta‐substituted compounds are better inhibitors, and in both classes, smaller size is linked to better potency.
A Perspective on Catalytic Strategies for Deoxygenation in Biomass Pyrolysis
Authors: Nolte Michael W. , Shanks Brent H. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBiomass fast pyrolysis is a technology that is able to convert biomass, a low‐density solid, into primarily a liquid bio‐oil product that is denser and more easily storable and transportable. However, utilizing raw bio‐oil is difficult, mainly due to its high oxygen content. Bio‐oil must be upgraded and deoxygenated first before it can be co‐fed into a petroleum refinery. One method of upgrading involves condensing the pyrolysis vapors into bio‐oil and then hydrotreating the bio‐oil. Significant deoxygenation can be achieved; however, the hydrotreatment is typically performed under high pressure (>6900 kPa) and with multiple temperature stages. Also, lignin‐derived phenolic compounds can be prone to polymerize and plug reactors. Generally, the catalysts that have been tested are expensive noble metals or transition metal sulfides. Another upgrading approach is to react the pyrolysis vapors over a catalyst to produce a deoxygenated liquid product upon condensation. Common petroleum refining catalysts, such as zeolites, have been found to produce hydrocarbons although their yields are generally low to moderate whereas the yields of solids (char/coke) and gases (CO and CO2) can be high. In addition, zeolites can suffer rapid deactivation through coking and loss of acidity. Other, new catalysts that have been tested for vapor‐phase deoxygenation include noble‐metal and transition‐metal catalysts. Noble metals are active but are also prone to saturating aromatic rings. More cost‐effective catalysts, that is, transition metal‐based catalysts, have also been tested for hydrodeoxygenation efficacy. Particularly, two molybdenum‐based catalysts, MoO3 and Mo2C, were found to deoxygenate biomass model compounds under low pressure and moderate temperatures. In addition, MoO3 has been shown to deoxygenate pyrolysis vapors obtained from complete biomass. From our perspective, the most feasible upgrading strategy would likely involve catalytically upgrading pyrolysis vapors under low pressure, moderate temperature, and with minimal hydrogen consumption to produce unsaturated alkenes and aromatics, which can then be further processed and refined in a traditional petroleum refinery.
Shake table investigation on the seismic performance of hospital equipment supported on wheels/casters
Authors: Nikfar Farzad , Konstantinidis Dimitrios 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThis paper presents an experimental investigation on the seismic response of medical equipment supported on wheels and/or casters. Two pieces of equipment were tested: a large ultrasound machine and a cart carrying smaller medical equipment. In the first phase, the resistance of the wheels and casters of the equipment was characterized through a controlled‐displacement procedure on the shake table. In the second phase, an extensive shake table test program was carried out to investigate the seismic response of the equipment. The input signals for the shake table tests included floor motions of a four‐story steel braced‐frame hospital designed to satisfy seismic requirements of a site in the Los Angeles area. The results of 96 shake table tests reported in this study include the seismic performance of the equipment under both unlocked and locked conditions, located on various floor levels of the building. It was observed that engaging the casters' locking mechanism does not necessarily decrease the relative displacement. The displacement response was sensitive to the excitation intensity and the orientation of the equipment with respect to the input excitation. Based on the experimental observations, appropriate structural engineering demand parameters associated with the relative displacement and relative velocity demands of the equipment are proposed and used to develop conditional probability curves. Finally, in an effort to extend the results of this experimental study to similar equipment on wheels/casters, the performance of a simple numerical model in predicting the peak seismic demands is evaluated. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the secrecy of the cognitive interference channel with partial channel states
Authors: Bafghi Hamid G. , Seyfe Babak , Mirmohseni Mahtab , Aref Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe secrecy problem in the state‐dependent cognitive interference channel is considered in this paper. In our model, there are a primary and a secondary (cognitive) transmitter–receiver pairs, in which the cognitive transmitter has the message of the primary one as side information. In addition, the channel is affected by two channel state sequences, which are known at the cognitive transmitter and the corresponding receiver, separately. The cognitive transmitter should cooperate with the primary one, and it wishes to keep its message secure at the primary receiver. The achievable equivocation‐rate regions for this channel are derived using two approaches: the binning scheme coding and superposition coding. Then, comparisons between the results using two coding approaches, in Gaussian case, shows that there is a trade‐off between the achievable rate of the primary transmitter and the equivocation rate of the cognitive one. Moreover, the outer bounds on the capacity of the channel are derived. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial Maturation of the Highly Active Heterodimeric [FeFe] Hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans ATCC 7757
Authors: Birrell James A. , Wrede Kathrin , Pawlak Krzysztof , Rodriguez‐Maciá Patricia , Rüdiger Olaf , Reijerse Edward J. , Lubitz Wolfgang 
Published: August 2016

AbstractHydrogenases catalyze the reduction of protons and oxidation of molecular hydrogen with high turnover frequencies and low overpotentials under ambient conditions. The heterodimeric [FeFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans has an exceptionally high activity, and can be purified aerobically in an oxygen‐stable inactive state. Recently, it was demonstrated that monomeric [FeFe] hydrogenases produced recombinantly in Escherichia coli can be artificially maturated by simply incubating the inactive “apo” enzymes with the synthetic [2Fe] cofactor mimic [Fe2(adt)(CO)4(CN)2]2−. Here, we use the same technique to produce the heterodimeric “apo” hydrogenase from D. desulfuricans in E. coli with a high yield and purity, and maturate the “apo” enzyme with [Fe2(adt)(CO)4(CN)2]2− to generate fully active “holo” enzyme. Interestingly, the rate of the artificial maturation process with D. desulfuricans is significantly slower than that for all other hydrogenases tested so far. The artificially maturated enzyme is spectroscopically and electrochemically identical to the native enzyme and shows high rates of hydrogen production (3700 s−1) and hydrogen oxidation (63,000 s−1). We expect that our highly efficient production method will facilitate future studies of this enzyme and other related [FeFe] hydrogenases from Desulfovibrio species.
Investigation of DNA damage in cells exposed to poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) microspheres
Authors: Zivkovic Lada , Akar Banu , Roux Brianna M. , Spremo Potparevic Biljana , Bajic Vladan , Brey Eric M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPoly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA)‐based materials are widely investigated for drug delivery and tissue engineering applications. Despite their popularity the genotoxic potential of PLGA has not been investigated. In this study, the comet assay, a sensitive assay for DNA damage, was used to evaluate potential genotoxicity in model cell types exposed to PLGA microspheres. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cells were exposed to PLGA microspheres (0.4–6 mg/mL) and DNA damage assessed at 24 h, 4 days, and 7 days. DNA damage was not identified after 24 h. However, after 4 and 7 days of exposure to 2 and 6 mg/mL of PLGA microspheres a significant elevation of DNA damage in both cell types was observed. The PLGA microspheres did not exhibit any cytotoxic effects on the cells under the conditions tested. Our results suggest that PLGA may have a genotoxic effect on cells. A broader investigation of the PLGA genotoxic profile in biological systems is needed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 284–291, 2017.
Theoretical Studies on the Adsorption of 5‐Aminotetrazole on Single‐walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Chermahini Alireza Najafi , Kermannezhad Kamran , Rezaei Masoume 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn the present study, the adsorption of different isomers of 5‐aminotetrazole as an important precursor of high energetic materials on single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with different sizes including (5,5), (6,6) and (7,7) chiralities using density functional theory calculations is investigated. Different adsorption modes including edge, parallel and perpendicular to carbon nanotubes have been investigated. It was found that three different isomers of 5‐aminotetrazole named 1H, 2H and imino forms physically adsorbed on sidewall and end of nanotubes. The adsorption energies for the parallel and perpendicular modes found in the range of −8.25 to −13.16 and −3.74 to −9.42 kcal/mol, respectively. In addition, for the edge mode the adsorption energies are found in the range of −13.01 to −24.5 kcal/mol. On the other hands, from the HOMO/LUMO gap changes, it can be concluded that the SWCNT with (5,5) chirality might sensitively detect the different isomers of 5‐aminotetrazole molecule in comparison with other carbon nanotubes. The global reactivity descriptors, before and after functionalization of 5‐AT tautomers onto the SWCNTs are compared and the results analyzed. Based on calculated results, the SWCNTs are expected to be a potential adsorbent as well as sensors for the adsorption of 5‐AT in environmental and military systems.
The Human Skeletal Muscle Proteome Project: a reappraisal of the current literature
Authors: Gonzalez‐Freire Marta , Semba Richard D. , Ubaida‐Mohien Ceereena , Fabbri Elisa , Scalzo Paul , Højlund Kurt , Dufresne Craig , Lyashkov Alexey , Ferrucci Luigi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSkeletal muscle is a large organ that accounts for up to half the total mass of the human body. A progressive decline in muscle mass and strength occurs with ageing and in some individuals configures the syndrome of ‘sarcopenia’, a condition that impairs mobility, challenges autonomy, and is a risk factor for mortality. The mechanisms leading to sarcopenia as well as myopathies are still little understood. The Human Skeletal Muscle Proteome Project was initiated with the aim to characterize muscle proteins and how they change with ageing and disease. We conducted an extensive review of the literature and analysed publically available protein databases. A systematic search of peer‐reviewed studies was performed using PubMed. Search terms included ‘human’, ‘skeletal muscle’, ‘proteome’, ‘proteomic(s)’, and ‘mass spectrometry’, ‘liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS)’. A catalogue of 5431 non‐redundant muscle proteins identified by mass spectrometry‐based proteomics from 38 peer‐reviewed scientific publications from 2002 to November 2015 was created. We also developed a nosology system for the classification of muscle proteins based on localization and function. Such inventory of proteins should serve as a useful background reference for future research on changes in muscle proteome assessed by quantitative mass spectrometry‐based proteomic approaches that occur with ageing and diseases. This classification and compilation of the human skeletal muscle proteome can be used for the identification and quantification of proteins in skeletal muscle to discover new mechanisms for sarcopenia and specific muscle diseases that can be targeted for the prevention and treatment.
Extraction and isolation of lithospermic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge using aqueous two‐phase extraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Guo Yong Xue , Shi Chang Zhi , Zhang Lei , Lv Lin , Zhang Yue Yong 
Published: August 2016

A rapid and effective method integrating separation and purification of lithospermic acid B from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge was developed by combining an aqueous two‐phase system extraction with preparative chromatography. An aqueous two‐phase system of n‐butyl alcohol/KH2PO4 was chosen from seven systems. The influence of parameters including concentration of KH2PO4, n‐butyl alcohol concentration, pH, and the ratio of an aqueous two‐phase system to crude extract were investigated using a single factor design. Response surface methodology was subsequently used to find the optimal compositions of an aqueous two‐phase system. Keeping a solvent‐to‐solid ratio of 10, the final optimized composition of an aqueous two‐phase system was 39.1% w/w n‐butyl alcohol and 22.6% w/w KH2PO4. Under these conditions a recovery yield of 99.8% and a high partition coefficient of 310.4 were obtained. In a pilot‐scale experiment using optimized conditions, 18.79 g of lithospermic acid B with a purity of 70.5% and in a yield of 99.8% was separated from 0.5 kg of crude extract. Subsequently, 9.94 g lithospermic acid B with a purity of 99.3% and recovery yield of 70.3% was obtained with a preparative chromatographic process, and the two‐step total recovery was 70.1%.
A novel approach to cricoarytenoid joint injections: An anatomic study
Authors: Sivam Sunthosh , Burkett Alison , Simpson C. Blake 
Published: August 2016

ObjectivesTo demonstrate a novel approach to cricoarytenoid joint (CAJ) injections.Study DesignAnatomic feasibility study.MethodsFive human cadaveric larynges providing 10 CAJ s were used to obtain trajectory measurements of a 27‐gauge 1½‐inch needle placed between the CAJ capsule and the contralateral cricothyroid membrane. Ten additional larynges providing 20 CAJ s were then used to assess the efficacy of applying the previously obtained measurements to guide 0.2‐cc methylene blue injections of the CAJ using a 27‐gauge 1½‐inch needle. Successful injection was confirmed by direct visualization of methylene blue within the CAJ capsule.ResultsThe tip of the needle made a 70 ± 1.87 degree (confidence interval [CI] 95%) angle relative to the plane parallel to the anterior lamella of the cricoid cartilage; the needle was within the cricothyroid membrane 5 ± 0.77 mm (CI 95%) lateral to the midsagittal plane; the needle was 4 ± 0.80 mm (CI 95%) anteroinferior from the vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage as measured within the airway; and the distance from the point of airway entry and the CAJ capsule was 17 ± 2.42 mm (CI 95%). Twenty CAJ injections were attempted using the guidelines established here with an 85% success rate.ConclusionThe current approach to CAJ injection utilizes microlaryngoscopy in an operative setting. This study is the first to describe the accessibility of the CAJ through percutaneous injection using reliable landmarks, potentially allowing access to the joint in an office‐based setting.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:199–203, 2017
Retraction Statement: Stress corrosion cracking of high strength stainless steels for use as strand in prestressed marine environment concrete construction
Authors: Fernandez J. 
Published: August 2016

The above article, published online on 10 April 2015 in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), and in volume 66, pp. 1269–1278, has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editors in Chief, Jürgen Mietz, and Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA. The retraction has been agreed due to substantial overlap with a previously published paper, and without consultation of the co‐authors of that publication: ‘Investigation of Stress Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of High Strength Stainless Steels for Use as Strand Material in Prestressed Concrete Construction in a Marine Environment’, J. Fernandez, A. A. Sagüés and G. Mullins, Paper No.2686, 15 pp., Corrosion 2013, NACE International, Houston, 2013.ReferencesFernandez, J. (2015), Stress corrosion cracking of high strength stainless steels for use as strand in prestressed marine environment concrete construction. Materials andCorrosion, 66: 1269–1278. doi: 10.1002/maco.201408190
The Symptomatic Treatment of Acquired Dystonia: A Systematic Review
Authors: van den Heuvel Corina N.A.M. , Tijssen Marina A.J. , van de Warrenburg Bart P.C. , Delnooz Cathérine C.S. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundAcquired dystonia is caused by an acquired or exogenous event. Although the therapeutic armamentarium used in clinical practice is more or less similar to that used for inherited or idiopathic dystonia, formal proof of the efficacy of these interventions in acquired dystonia is lacking.MethodsThe authors attempt to provide a comprehensive and systematic review of the current evidence for medical and allied health care treatment strategies in acquired dystonias. The PubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Web of Science, PiCarta, and PsycINFO databases were searched up to December 2015, including randomized controlled trials, patient‐control studies, and case series or single case reports containing a report on clinical outcome.ResultsThere are level 3 practice recommendations for botulinum toxin injections and globus pallidus pars interna deep brain stimulation for tardive dystonia and dystonic cerebral palsy as well as intrathecal baclofen for dystonic cerebral palsy. There are insufficient and conflicting data on the effect (vs. the hazard) of other pharmacological interventions, and limited work has been done on other forms of neurostimulation and allied health care. Because no class A1 or A2 studies were identified, level 1 or 2 practice recommendations could not be deducted for a specific treatment intervention.ConclusionsTo improve the current medical and allied health care treatment options for patients with acquired dystonia, high‐quality trials that examine the efficacy of therapies need to be performed.