bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early intervention in psychosis: From clinical intervention to health system implementation
Authors: Csillag Claudio , Nordentoft Merete , Mizuno Masafumi , McDaid David , Arango Celso , Smith Jo , Lora Antonio , Verma Swapna , Di Fiandra Teresa , Jones Peter B. 
Published: November 2017

AimEarly intervention in psychosis (EIP) is a well‐established approach with the intention of early detection and treatment of psychotic disorders. Its clinical and economic benefits are well documented. This paper presents basic aspects of EIP services, discusses challenges to their implementation and presents ideas and strategies to overcome some of these obstacles.MethodsThis paper is a narrative review about the evidence supporting EIP, with examples of successful implementation of EIP and of cases where major obstacles still need to be overcome.ResultsExperience from successfully implemented EIP services into the mental healthcare system have generated evidence, concepts and specific strategies that might serve as guidance or inspiration in other countries or systems where EIP is less well developed or not developed at all. Previous experience has made clear that evidence of clinical benefits alone is not enough to promote implementation, as economic arguments and political and social pressure have shown to be important elements in efforts to achieve implementation.ConclusionsUsers’ narratives, close collaboration with community organizations and support from policy‐makers and known people within the community championing early intervention (EI) services are just a few of the approaches that should be considered in campaigns for implementation of EI services. Fast progress in implementation is possible.
Automated Scoring of Students’ Small‐Group Discussions to Assess Reading Ability
Authors: Kosh Audra E. , Greene Jeffrey A. , Murphy P. Karen , Burdick Hal , Firetto Carla M. , Elmore Jeff 
Published: November 2017

AbstractWe explored the feasibility of using automated scoring to assess upper‐elementary students’ reading ability through analysis of transcripts of students’ small‐group discussions about texts. Participants included 35 fourth‐grade students across two classrooms that engaged in a literacy intervention called Quality Talk. During the course of one school year, data were collected at 10 time points for a total of 327 student‐text encounters, with a different text discussed at each time point. To explore the possibility of automated scoring, we considered which quantitative discourse variables (e.g., variables to measure language sophistication and latent semantic analysis variables) were the strongest predictors of scores on a multiple‐choice and constructed‐response reading comprehension test. Convergent validity evidence was collected by comparing automatically calculated quantitative discourse features to scores on a reading fluency test. After examining a variety of discourse features using multilevel modeling, results showed that measures of word rareness and word diversity were the most promising variables to use in automated scoring of students’ discussions.
Assessment of a channel catfish population in a large open river system
Authors: Blank A. J. , Hamel M. J. , Spurgeon J. J. , Pegg M. A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractEstimates of dynamic rate functions for riverine channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus (Rafinesque), populations are limited. The open nature and inherent difficulty in sampling riverine environments and the propensity for dispersal of channel catfish impede estimation of population variables. However, contemporary population models (i.e. robust design models) can incorporate the open nature of these systems. The purpose of this study was to determine channel catfish population abundance, survival and size structure and to characterise growth in the lower Platte River, Nebraska, USA. Annual survival estimates of adult channel catfish were 13%–49%, and channel catfish abundance estimates ranged from 8,281 to 24,261 fish within a 10‐km sampling reach. Channel catfish were predominantly (90%) <age 5 and <400 mm total length, and adult growth was similar to other populations across the species’ range. The channel catfish population characteristics in the lower Platte River are likely a result of a combination of factors including recreational harvest and potential shifts in habitat during different life stages. A multifaceted sampling and analytical approach provided additional information such as movement and abundance estimates and may also help to decipher abiotic and biotic factors that interact when managing fish populations in riverine environments.
Sudan grass and pearl millets productivity under different irrigation methods with fully irrigation and stresses in arid regions
Authors: Ismail Saleh M. , El‐Nakhlawy Fathy S. , Basahi Jalal M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA field experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Research Station of King Abdulaziz University to study the response of sudan grass (Sorghum sudanensis L.) cv. California Gold and pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) cv. KN‐10. productivity to different irrigation methods and water application under arid conditions. Three irrigation methods including surface drip (SD), sub‐surface drip (SSD) and sprinkler irrigation (SPI) were investigated. Under each irrigation method, one full irrigation treatment (100% of water requirement [WR]) and two water stress treatments (75% WR and 50% WR) were studied. Sudan grass and pearl millet crops were cultivated under each water regime for two consecutive seasons and cut several times for evaluating the production and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE). Results revealed that SSD produced the highest forage yield under full and stress treatments in both crops followed by SD. SPI produced the least forage yield compared with SD and SSD in 2014 and 2015 seasons. Decreasing water application decreased yield production and increased IWUE under SD and SSD but decreased them under SPI. Increasing number of cuts decreased yield and IWUE in both crops. Under full and stress treatments, sudan grass produced higher forage yield than pearl millet. Irrigation water use efficiency was the best under SSD followed by SD and SPI, respectively. Irrigation water use efficiency of 100 and 75% were significantly similar in both investigated crops.
Structural and mechanical characteristics of bread and their impact on oral processing: a review
Authors: Gao Jing , Wang Yong , Dong Zhizhong , Zhou Weibiao 
Published: November 2017

SummaryOral processing has become an important area of research in sensory and nutrition studies. Mastication process not only determines the dynamics of flavour release and texture perception but also affects the bioavailability of nutrients. Oral processing of bread is of particular interest because of the need to reduce its glycaemic potential while keeping its desired soft and aerated texture. Bread structure determines its mechanical strength and deformation behaviour which in turn decides people's texture perception and swallowing thresholds. The strong interconnection between food structure and its resistance to breakdown is the rationale behind designing bread to control bread digestion, starting from the oral phase. The present review summarises the characterisation and formation of bread structure, its interlink with bread mechanical behaviour and destruction during human oral processing. Future research should further elucidate the structure–mechanics–digestion interlink by implementing relevant mechanical analyses and micromechanical modelling.
Comparing educational interventions: Correcting misperceived norms improves college students' mental health attitudes
Authors: Turetsky Kate M. , Sanderson Catherine A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis research targeted potential psychological contributors to college students' low levels of help‐seeking for mental distress using a field experiment. Researchers randomly assigned 520 undergraduates to 15‐min interventions: a novel, theory‐driven social norms intervention correcting misperceived distress, stigma, and help‐seeking norms; a general education intervention increasing mental health awareness; and a stress management active control condition. The norms intervention instilled more accurate perceptions of mental health norms and temporarily reduced perceived public stigma compared to other conditions. The norms and general education interventions improved attitudes toward seeking help for mental distress for at least 2 months, relative to the control. Effects on help‐seeking behavior were not observed in this timeframe. This research elucidates the robustness of brief social psychological mental health interventions on college campuses.
Comparison of gelatinization method, starch concentration, and plasticizer on physical properties of high‐amylose starch films
Authors: Zhong Yuyue , Li Yibo , Liang Wenxin , Liu Linsan , Li Silu , Xue Jiquan , Guo Dongwei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHigh amylose starch is a potential material to produce biodegradable films with the better physical properties than normal starch. In this research, Taguchi's design and analysis of variance were used to compare the effects of gelatinization methods, starch concentrations, and plasticizers on physical properties of high amylose starch films. The results showed that the gelatinization method was the most significant factor for transparency, and the highest transparency was obtained through high temperature‐high pressure treatment. The starch concentration impacted farthest on thickness, tensile strength, elongation at break, and solubility in oil. The highest thickness and tensile strength were obtained from 10% starch concentration, the highest elongation at break were created by 5% concentration, and the lowest solubility in oil was produced by 2% concentration. Solubility in water was affected by plasticizers most, especially in xylitol. The information in this study is helpful to choose optimal parameters for preparing high amylose starch films with desired physical properties.Practical applicationsDue to the biodegradable and environmentally‐friendly traits, high‐amylose starch film is a promising alternative to plastic film. Most studies were focused on the changing of one of the independent parameters at a time while maintaining the others at fixed levels. However, studying the interactive effects of these parameters is beneficial to the development of high‐amylose starch films at a whole insight. For this purpose, the effects of different preparation parameters under different levels on physical properties of high‐amylose starch film were studies under Taguchi design in this study. Results showed the different effects of gelatinization methods, starch concentrations, and plasticizers on different properties such as mechanical properties, solubility in water and oil, and transparency of high‐amylose starch films. The information provided by this study will play a guiding role for the production of high‐amylose starch films in different applications with optimal parameters.
Use of Porcine Meal in Plant‐based Practical Diets for Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Qiu Xuan , Davis D. Allen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractTwo growth trials were conducted to evaluate and confirm the efficacy of a porcine meal (PM) with high protein content (>90%) as an alternative feed ingredient in commercial‐type feed formulation for Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Six experimental diets were formulated for the two growth trials. The first five diets contained increasing levels (0, 1, 2, 4, and 6%) of PM as a replacement for soybean meal in a plant‐based diet with low inclusion level (6%) of fish meal (FM). The last experimental diet was produced utilizing 4.2% PM to completely replace FM. In Trial 1, shrimp (1.5 g initial mean weight, 20 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered test diets for 6 wk in a semirecirculation system. At the end of Trial 1, shrimp fed with the diet containing 6% PM exhibited significantly enhanced weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival compared to those fed with the diet devoid of FM. As survival was poor across all treatments and different densities could mask growth results the trial was repeated. In Trial 2, shrimp (0.85 g, 15 shrimp/tank, n = 4) were offered diets for 6 wk. Dietary supplementation of PM at 6% significantly improved WG, FCR, and apparent net protein retention in contrast with the treatment devoid of FM, confirming the same trends in Trial 1. No significant difference was detected in protein, lipid, moisture, and mineral profiles of whole‐body shrimp as well as survival across all the treatments. Results of this study indicate that PM is a good high protein source in shrimp feeds, which can be included up to 6% in the low FM‐based diet without compromising the growth of shrimp.
Facilitating an L2 Book Club: A Conversation‐Analytic Study of Task Management
Authors: RO EUNSEOK 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis study employs conversation analysis to examine a facilitator's interactional practices in the post‐expansion phase of students’ presentations in the context of a book club for second language learning. The analysis shows how the facilitator establishes intersubjectivity with regard to the ongoing task and manages students’ task performance. The empirical data suggest that the facilitator's orientation to the task was achieved in 3 important ways: through (a) task resumption (Excerpts 1 and 2), (b) task summary (Excerpts 3 and 4), and (c) task mediation (Excerpts 5–7). As the data presented in this study demonstrate, the facilitator's task orientation practices created opportunities for the students (and herself) to gain more understanding of the presenters’ task answers, which was one of the fundamental pedagogical goals of the book club activity. By providing insights into the way the facilitator managed students’ task performance in this book club context, the study expands our understanding of the intricate maneuvers involved in task interactions. I conclude by addressing the study's pedagogical implications for language teaching.
Oropharyngeal dysphagia profiles in individuals with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy
Authors: Tabor L. C. , Plowman E. K. , Romero‐Clark C. , Youssof S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundAlthough dysphagia represents a hallmark manifestation of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD), limited knowledge exists regarding the underlying nature of oropharyngeal swallowing impairments in this patient population. We aimed to delineate global pharyngeal dysphagia profiles in OPMD and identify the prevalence and physiologic associations of impairments in swallowing safety and efficiency.MethodsTwenty‐two individuals with OPMD completed a videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation. Blinded raters completed validated scales of global dysphagia (dynamic imaging grade of swallowing toxicity, DIGEST), efficiency (normalized residue ratio scale, NRRS), and safety (penetration‐aspiration scale, PAS). Degree of laryngeal vestibule closure and aspiration events were described. Descriptives and chi‐squared analyses were conducted with alpha set at P < .05.Key ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐four swallowing trials were analyzed. DIGEST scores revealed that 96% (n = 21) of participants demonstrated pharyngeal dysphagia (score >1). Presence of a cricopharyngeal bar was noted in 10 individuals. The predominant swallowing categorization across patients was safe and inefficient (51%) followed by unsafe and inefficient (32%). 77.3% demonstrated vallecular residue (NRRSv>0.07) and 90.1% piriform sinus residue (NRRSp > .20). 33% (n = 54) of swallows were unsafe (PAS>3) with 45 episodes of penetration and 9 episodes of aspiration. Aspiration occurred during the swallow in 100% of identified occurrences. Incomplete epiglottic inversion was associated with airway compromise and postswallow residue (P < .05).Conclusions & InferencesThese findings highlight the high prevalence of oropharyngeal swallowing impairments in both swallowing efficiency and safety. A high proportion of physiologic impairments in epiglottic inversion and laryngeal vestibule closure were noted that related to functional impairments in swallow safety and inefficiency.
Benevolent Cruelty: Forced Child Removal, African Refugee Settlers, and the State Mandate of Child Protection
Authors: Ramsay Georgina 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPractices of state‐mandated forced child removal in Australia have historically served to govern minority cultural groups. Despite an overarching imperative to prevent harm to children, contemporary systems of child welfare continue to impose forms of governance, particularly in regard to resettled refugees. This article focuses on the experiences of women who have been resettled in Australia as refugees from Africa, and who have, upon their resettlement, had their children forcibly removed from their care as a result of concerns over child protection. Examining how forms of governmentality are embedded within these interventions but legitimated by assumptions of benevolence, I show how the child welfare system can impose forms of pastoral power on resettled refugees, in which “care” for children is concentrated within institutions of government authority and, subsequently, oriented through state agendas. I argue that the state mandate of child protection combines governmentality and pastoral power to produce what I term benevolent cruelty, in which the imperative to protect children complicates and contradicts the refuge that is provided to resettled refugees.
Papers That Work: Migration Brokers, State/Market Boundaries, and the Place of Law
Authors: Alpes Maybritt Jill 
Published: November 2017

AbstractState discourses on smuggling and trafficking are regulatory technologies that seek to institute moral hierarchies between institutions by villanizing third‐party mediators as dangerous criminals. This article instead studies high‐risk migration and illegality through the actions of migration brokers and from the perspective of aspiring migrants in a place of departure. Seeking to overcome the legal/illegal divide by focusing on interactions at socially constructed state/market boundaries, the article asks two questions: What is the role of legality for aspiring migrants? And what role do states play in the emergence of migration brokers? Based on seventeen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Anglophone Cameroon, between 2007 and 2013, and a case study of two migration brokers, the article demonstrates, first, that aspiring migrants evaluate migration brokers and travel documents in terms of their powers and efficiency, and, second, how migration brokers enact state‐like forms and activities.
Controversies, Authority, and the Limits of Participation: Chicago's 49th Ward
Authors: Baiocchi Gianpaolo , Summers Nicole 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis article analyzes an innovative, and relatively successful, experience in Chicago: its participatory budgeting (PB) process. Treating it as process‐in‐the‐making, we are attentive to moments of uncertainty and controversy over the first year of its development. As a process of direct democracy, PB is profoundly ambiguous: it is, in principle, open to all, but it has no way to adjudicate between different ways of knowing and making claims by technical experts, democratically elected office holders, and newly established neighborhood leaders. Because it is a bottom‐up process that in principle does not privilege certain groups, it generates ambiguity over who gets to speak for and on behalf of the whole. In Chicago, each of these ambiguities generated controversies, which generated political talk that implied utopian alternatives that were then settled in ways that closed off these alternatives, in the end reinforcing the power of experts and revaluing the role of established community leaders against newcomers. We contend that the critical literature on participation should be more attentive to moments of conflict, ambiguity, and closure when the outlines of participatory processes are collectively produced.
Wild Eavesdropping: Observations on Surveillance, Conspiracy, and Truth in East Central Europe
Authors: Larson Jonathan L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA debate on how to use surveillance technology to maintain public security while still respecting civil liberties has seized the Euro‐American public sphere. These deliberations are not new. Their current form has been shaped by a global “war on terrorism,” Edward Snowden's 2013 revelations on the National Security Administration's surveillance, and repeated terrorist attacks in Western Europe. The dominant frame of current discourse has been shaped along axes of public security versus civil liberties, and global terror versus democracy. Other vectors bisect this field. Webcams, security cameras, Internet search history, and records of the patterns to online social networks facilitate the increased monitoring of behavior in the developed world. While much of this surveillance—the array of means for monitoring someone else's behavior—has earned grudging acceptance as inherent to the infrastructure of a modern life, reception of its forms can vary.
Phylogenetic relationships and molecular delimitation of CulicoidesLatreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) species in the Afrotropical region: interest for the subgenus Avaritia
Authors: BAKHOUM M. T. , LABUSCHAGNE K. , HUBER K. , FALL M. , MATHIEU B. , VENTER G. , GARDÈS L. , BALDET T. , BOUYER J. , FALL A. G. , GIMONNEAU G. , GARROS C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships of Culicoides species of the Afrotropical region are problematic as different authors disagree on the placement of species into specific subgenera or groups. In this study we sequenced two mitochondrial (COI and 16S rDNA) and two nuclear (CAD and 28S rDNA) gene fragments to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships within the Avaritia, Remmia and Synhelea subgenera and the Milnei, Neavei and Similis groups of Culicoides using both Bayesian inference and maximum‐likelihood approaches. Based on phylogenetic trees, we used the bGMYC (Bayesian General Mixed Yule Coalescent model) and the PTP (Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes) to investigate species boundaries. All species relationships within the studied subgenera and groups were well‐supported by using morphological characters and molecular analyses. The subgenus Avaritia includes (i) all of the species of the Imicola group, as well as the putative new species, C. sp. #22, and we confirmed the monophyly of this group; (ii) the Dasyops group includes C. kanagai and C. sp. #54 Meiswinkel (new species), shown to be monophyletic; (iii) the C. sp. #20 belongs to the Orientalis group; (iv) C. grahamii, C. gulbenkiani and C. kibatiensis. Our results also show that subgenus Remmia is monophyletic. Relationships of species of the Milnei group were well‐supported and demonstrate the monophyly of this group. Borkent's classification for Similis group is confirmed. In addition, C. neavei and C. ovalis (Neavei group) are placed in the subgenus Synhelea.