bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical Analysis of Groundwater Ridging Processes Considering Water‐Air Flow in a Hillslope
Authors: Zang Yong Ge , Sun Dong Mei , Feng Ping , Semprich Stephan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, a water‐air two‐phase flow model was employed to investigate the formation, extension, and dissipation of groundwater ridging induced by recharge events in a hypothetical hillslope‐riparian zone, considering interactions between the liquid and gas phases in soil voids. The simulation results show that, after a rain begins, the groundwater table near the stream is elevated instantaneously and significantly, thereby generating a pressure gradient driving water toward both the stream (the discharge of groundwater to the stream) and upslope (the extension of groundwater ridging into upslope). Meanwhile, the airflow upslope triggered by the advancing wetting front moves downward gradually. Therefore, the extension of groundwater ridging into upslope and the downward airflow interact within a certain region. After the rain stops, groundwater ridging near the stream declines quickly while the airflow in the lower part of upslope is still moving into the hillslope. Thus, the airflow upslope mitigates the dissipation of groundwater ridging. Additionally, the development of groundwater ridging under different conditions, including rain intensity, intrinsic permeability, capillary fringe height, and initial groundwater table, was analyzed. Changes in intrinsic permeability affect the magnitude of groundwater ridging near the stream, as well as the downward speed of airflow, thereby generating highly complex responses. The capillary fringe is not a controlling factor but an influence factor on the formation of groundwater ridging, which is mainly related to the antecedent moisture. It was demonstrated that groundwater ridging also occurs where an unsaturated zone occurs above the capillary fringe with a subsurface lateral flow.
The environmental history of Classical and Hellenistic Greece: The contribution of environmental archaeology
Authors: Post Ruben 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis article provides an overview of the environmental history of Classical and Hellenistic Greece with particular reference to material evidence, outlining current trends in work on the relationships between humans and the flora, fauna, and climate of Greece from the fifth to first centuries BCE. Whereas scholars of more modern periods have embraced environmental history, historians of ancient Greece have been slow to do so. Most research on environmental history in the premodern Greek world has focused on prehistoric periods, with only a narrow set of topics relating to Classical and Hellenistic periods discussed, such as deforestation, erosion, and agriculture. In recent decades, however, the increased prominence of subdisciplines dealing with the study of organic archaeological material, such as palaeobotany and zooarchaeology, as well as advances in the archaeological sciences, especially in techniques like stable isotope analysis, has yielded much of interest for historians. I suggest in particular that historians more familiar with written sources or nonorganic archaeological remains can play a crucial rule in contextualizing this evidence by integrating it into their studies of social, economic, and political history. This is especially the case with climate change, evidence of which in the ancient Greek world is rapidly accumulating but with which ancient historians have only begun to contend.
Approaches to the environmental history of Late Antiquity, part 1: The rise of Islam
Authors: Decker Michael J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSince the 19th century, scholars have examined the end of the Classical world and the beginning of the medieval world, or “Late Antiquity” in the centuries from 300–900 C.E. through the lens of environmental history. Environmental determinism, based on the use of history by colonial historians, employed elements from geography, climate, and landscape studies to explain the fall of the Roman Empire, the rise of Islam in Arabia, and the destruction of the formerly fertile lands of the Roman Empire by marauding Bedouin. Recent studies stress the importance of intensive regional study while reversing the view of general environmental catastrophe and economic decline once thought to accompany the Arab conquests of the late antique Levant.
Approaches to the environmental history of Late Antiquity, part II: Climate Change and the End of the Roman Empire
Authors: Decker Michael J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA growing body of scholarly literature on climate change from various disciplines has allowed historians to construct past possible climates and environments, as well as query climatological data in light of historical sources. This article presents important phenomena and environmental studies in light of the history of Late Antiquity and the ‘Dark Ages’ (fourth through ninth centuries C.E.) in the Roman and post‐Roman Mediterranean.
Second‐hand clothing consumption: A generational cohort analysis of the Chinese market
Authors: Liang Jianfang , Xu Yingjiao 
Published: October 2017

AbstractChina's rapidly growing economy and consumption are creating serious environmental problems in the country. The throwaway trend credited to fast fashion changes and short‐lived styles made textiles and clothing a new body of solid wastes, resulting in a negative environmental consequence in China. While minimizing consumption of textiles and apparel cannot be the primary solution to environmental problems, it is important to enhance consumer awareness of the impact of their daily consumption on the environment and to promote environmentally sustainable apparel consumption and disposal behaviours. From a generational cohort perspective, this study aims to gain an insight of Chinese consumers' behaviours towards second‐hand clothing, in terms of their consumption intentions and the influence of consumers' perceived values, perceived concerns and descriptive norms on their purchase intentions. Data for this study were collected through a survey of 350 Chinese consumers across the four generational cohorts in China, including the Post‐60s, Post‐70s, Post‐80s and Post‐90s. It was observed that Chinese consumers, in general, had a strong resistance towards second‐hand clothing consumption, with the Post‐70s having the strongest resistance. Significant differences were identified among the four cohorts. The younger generations perceived higher values and held higher purchase intentions than their older counterparts. Different motivations were also identified among the four cohorts in their second‐hand clothing consumption.
Performance evaluation of the automated nucleated red blood cell count of five commercial hematological analyzers
Authors: Da Rin G. , Vidali M. , Balboni F. , Benegiamo A. , Borin M. , Ciardelli M. L. , Dima F. , Di Fabio A. , Fanelli A. , Fiorini F. , Francione S. , Germagnoli L. , Gioia M. , Lari T. , Lorubbio M. , Marini A. , Papa A. , Seghezzi M. , Solarino L. , Pipitone S. , Tilocca E. , Buoro S. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIntroductionRecent automated hematology analyzers (HAs) can identify and report nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) count as a separate population out of white blood cells (WBC). The aim of this study was to investigate the analytical performances of NRBC enumeration on five top of the range HAs.MethodsWe evaluated the within‐run and between‐day precision, limit of blank (LoB), limit of detection (LoD), and limit of quantitation (LoQ) of XE‐2100 and XN‐module (Sysmex), ADVIA 2120i (Siemens), BC‐6800 (Mindray), and UniCel DxH 800 (Beckman Coulter). Automated NRBC counts were also compared with optical microscopy (OM).ResultsThe limits of detection for NRBC of the BC‐6800, XN‐module, XE‐2100, UniCel DxH 800, and ADVIA 2120i are 0.035×109/L, 0.019×109/L, 0.067×109/L, 0.038×109/L, and 0.167×109/L, respectively. Our data indicated excellent performance in terms of precision. The agreement with OM was excellent for BC‐6800, XN‐module, and XE‐2100 (Bias 0.023, 0.019, and 0.033×109/L, respectively). ADVIA 2120i displayed a significant constant error and UniCel DxH 800 both proportional and small constant error.ConclusionRegards to NRBC counting, the performances shown by BC‐6800, XN‐module, and XE‐2100 are excellent also a low count, ADVIA 2120i and UniCel DxH 800 need to be improved.
A study of CDR3 loop dynamics reveals distinct mechanisms of peptide recognition by T‐cell receptors exhibiting different levels of cross‐reactivity
Authors: Tsuchiya Yuko , Namiuchi Yoshiki , Wako Hiroshi , Tsurui Hiromichi 
Published: October 2017

SummaryT‐cell receptors (TCRs) can productively interact with many different peptides bound within the MHC binding groove. This property varies with the level of cross‐reactivity of TCRs; some TCRs are particularly hyper cross‐reactive while others exhibit greater specificity. To elucidate the mechanism behind these differences, we studied five TCRs in complex with the same class II MHC (1Ab)‐peptide (3K), that are known to exhibit different levels of cross‐reactivity. Although these complexes have similar binding affinities, the interface areas between the TCR and the peptide–MHC (pMHC) differ significantly. We investigated static and dynamic structural features of the TCR–pMHC complexes and of TCRs in a free state, as well as the relationship between binding affinity and interface area. It was found that the TCRs known to exhibit lower levels of cross‐reactivity bound to pMHC using an induced‐fitting mechanism, forming large and tight interfaces rich in specific hydrogen bonds. In contrast, TCRs known to exhibit high levels of cross‐reactivity used a more rigid binding mechanism where non‐specific π‐interactions involving the bulky Trp residue in CDR3β dominated. As entropy loss upon binding in these highly degenerate and rigid TCRs is smaller than that in less degenerate TCRs, they can better tolerate changes in residues distal from the major contacts with MHC‐bound peptide. Hence, our dynamics study revealed that differences in the peptide recognition mechanisms by TCRs appear to correlate with the levels of T‐cell cross‐reactivity.
Stigma of mental illness and substance misuse in sub‐Saharan African migrants: A qualitative study
Authors: McCann Terence V. , Renzaho Andre , Mugavin Janette , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStigma of mental illness and substance misuse can deter help seeking, especially in immigrants who are often reluctant to seek help early for these issues. The aim of the present study was to explore the stigma experience surrounding mental illness and substance misuse, and its implications for improving help seeking, for youths and parents from sub‐Saharan African immigrant communities. A qualitative, descriptive design was used. Individual interviews were undertaken with 28 youths, and focus group discussions were held with 41 parents and community leaders in Melbourne, Australia. The findings indicated that public stigma and self‐stigma were common and deterred participants’ help seeking within sub‐Saharan African communities. There was concern about the consequences of disclosure. Personal shame, fear of community rejection, and being labelled a ‘lunatic’ deterred help seeking. Programmes are needed to address stigma, promote help seeking, and increase mental health knowledge. Mental health nurses and other clinicians in the mental health and alcohol and other drug fields can make an important contribution. Steps are needed to employ more sub‐Saharan African immigrant clinicians to help increase help seeking from their communities.
Interview with Nancy Reid
Authors: Staicu Ana‐Maria 
Published: October 2017

SummaryNancy Reid was born in September 1952 in Niagara Falls, Canada. She graduated from the University of Waterloo with a Bachelor in Mathematics and a major in Statistics in 1974. She pursued her training in Statistics at the University of British Columbia (UBC) where she obtained a Master's in Applied Mathematics in 1976 and at Stanford University, where she graduated with a PhD in Statistics in 1979. After spending one year at Imperial College in London visiting Sir David Cox, she joined UBC as an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mathematics, where she had an important role in the creation of the Department of Statistics. In 1986, she moved to the University of Toronto, where she has been since then as a faculty in the Department of Statistics. Nancy has served as Chair of the Department between 1997 and 2002. Nancy's research in conditional inference, higher order asymptotics and composite likelihood has been influential in Statistics. Her outstanding contributions to Statistics were recognized nationally and internationally with many awards, including the President's Award of the Committee of Presidents of Statistical Societies (COPSS), Gold Medal awarded by the Statistical Society of Canada and Elected Foreign Associate of the National Academy of Sciences. She received the Doctor of Mathematics, Honoris Causa, University of Waterloo. Nancy served with distinction as Editor of theCanadian Journal of Statisticsand President of the Statistical Society of Canada and President of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. In 2014, she was appointed as Officer of the Order of Canada for her outstanding achievements, exemplary leadership and service to Canadians. The following conversation took place at the JSM 2016 in Chicago, on August 2 and 3, 2016.
Effects of seasonal and pandemic influenza on health‐related quality of life, work and school absence in England: Results from the Flu Watch cohort study
Authors: Fragaszy Ellen B. , Warren‐Gash Charlotte , White Peter J. , Zambon Maria , Edmunds William J. , Nguyen‐Van‐Tam Jonathan S. , Hayward Andrew C. ,   on behalf of the Flu Watch Group
Published: October 2017

BackgroundEstimates of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) and work/school absences for influenza are typically based on medically attended cases or those meeting influenza‐like‐illness (ILI) case definitions and thus biased towards severe disease. Although community influenza cases are more common, estimates of their effects on HRQoL and absences are limited.ObjectivesTo measure quality‐adjusted life days and years (QALDs and QALYs) lost and work/school absences among community cases of acute respiratory infections (ARI), ILI and influenza A and B and to estimate community burden of QALY loss and absences from influenza.Patients/methodsFlu Watch was a community cohort in England from 2006 to 2011. Participants were followed up weekly. During respiratory illness, they prospectively recorded daily symptoms, work/school absences and EQ‐5D‐3L data and submitted nasal swabs for RT‐PCR influenza testing.ResultsAverage QALD lost was 0.26, 0.93, 1.61 and 1.84 for ARI, ILI, H1N1pdm09 and influenza B cases, respectively. 40% of influenza A cases and 24% of influenza B cases took time off work/school with an average duration of 3.6 and 2.4 days, respectively. In England, community influenza cases lost 24 300 QALYs in 2010/11 and had an estimated 2.9 million absences per season based on data from 2006/07 to 2009/10.ConclusionsOur QALDs and QALYs lost and work and school absence estimates are lower than previous estimates because we focus on community cases, most of which are mild, may not meet ILI definitions and do not result in healthcare consultations. Nevertheless, they contribute a substantial loss of HRQoL on a population level.
Burden of influenza among hospitalized febrile children in Ghana
Authors: Hogan Benedikt , Ammer Luise , Zimmermann Marlow , Binger Tabea , Krumkamp Ralf , Sarpong Nimako , Rettig Theresa , Dekker Denise , Kreuels Benno , Reigl Lisa , Boahen Kennedy G. , Wiafe Charity , Adu‐Sarkodie Yaw , Owusu‐Dabo Ellis , May Jürgen , Eibach Daniel 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundInfluenza surveillance data from Africa indicate a substantial disease burden with high mortality. However, local influenza data from district hospitals with limited laboratory facilities are still scarce.ObjectivesTo identify the frequency and seasonal distribution of influenza among hospitalized febrile children in a rural hospital in Ghana and to describe differential diagnoses to other severe febrile infections.MethodsBetween January 2014 and April 2015, all children with a temperature of ≥38°C admitted to a district hospital in Ghana were screened for influenza A and B by RT‐PCR and differentiated to subtypes A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2). Malaria microscopy and blood cultures were performed for each patient.ResultsA total of 1063 children with a median age of 2 years (IQR: 1‐4 years) were recruited. Of those, 271 (21%) were classified as severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) and 47 (4%) were positive for influenza, namely 26 (55%) influenza B, 15 (32%) A(H1N1)pdm09, and 6 (13%) A(H3N2) cases. Influenza predominantly occurred in children aged 3‐5 years and was more frequently detected in the major rainy season (OR = 2.9; 95% CI: 1.47‐6.19) during the first half of the year. Two (4%) and seven (15%) influenza‐positive children were co‐diagnosed with an invasive bloodstream infection or malaria, respectively.ConclusionInfluenza contributes substantially to the burden of hospitalized febrile children in Ghana being strongly dependent on age and corresponds with the major rainy season during the first half‐year.
Record linkage study of the pathogen‐specific burden of respiratory viruses in children
Authors: Lim Faye J. , Blyth Christopher C. , Fathima Parveen , de Klerk Nicholas , Moore Hannah C. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundReliance on hospital discharge diagnosis codes alone will likely underestimate the burden of respiratory viruses.ObjectivesTo describe the epidemiology of respiratory viruses more accurately, we used record linkage to examine data relating to all children hospitalized in Western Australia between 2000 and 2012.Patients/MethodsWe extracted hospital, infectious disease notification and laboratory data of a cohort of children born in Western Australia between 1996 and 2012. Laboratory records of respiratory specimens collected within 48 hours of admission were linked to hospitalization records. We calculated the frequency and rates of virus detection. To identify groups where under‐ascertainment for respiratory viruses was greatest, we used logistic regression to determine factors associated with failure to test.Results and conclusionsNine percentage of 484 992 admissions linked to a laboratory record for respiratory virus testing. While 62% (n = 26 893) of laboratory‐confirmed admissions received respiratory infection diagnosis codes, 38% (n = 16 734) had other diagnoses, notably viral infection of unspecified sites. Of those tested, incidence rates were highest for respiratory syncytial virus (247 per 100 000 child‐years) followed by parainfluenza (63 per 100 000 child‐years). Admissions among older children and those without a respiratory diagnosis were associated with failure to test for respiratory viruses. Linked data can significantly enhance diagnostic codes when estimating the true burden of disease. In contrast to current emphasis on influenza, respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza were the most common viral pathogens among hospitalized children. By characterizing those failing to be tested, we can begin to quantify the under‐ascertainment of respiratory viruses.
Pressure dependence of density and structural relaxation of glass near the glass transition region
Authors: Ding Linfeng , Buhre Stephan , Kunisch Clemens , Kaus Boris 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA simplified and effective pressure cell together with an experimental procedure has been developed and applied to compress samples of SCHOTT N‐BK7® glass under static high pressures in a piston‐cylinder apparatus. Results from the density and volume recovery measurements show that, the glass samples were effectively densified in piston‐cylinder apparatus with the density at room temperature increasing linearly with frozen‐in pressure. To explain the experimental data, we developed a mathematical model based on a suggestion by Gupta (1988) with two internal parameters, named fictive temperature (Tf) and fictive pressure (Pf), which fits the experimental data well.
The oncogenic role of Epstein–Barr virus‐encoded microRNAs in Epstein–Barr virus‐associated gastric carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Jinglin , Huang Tingting , Zhou Yuhang , Cheng Alfred S. L. , Yu Jun , To Ka Fai , Kang Wei 
Published: October 2017

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection is detected in various epithelial malignancies, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and gastric cancer (GC). EBV comprises some unique molecular features and encodes viral genes and microRNAs (miRNAs) by its own DNA sequence. EBV genes are required to maintain latency and contribute to oncogenic property. miRNAs encoded by EBV have been shown to contribute to initiation and progression of EBV‐related malignancies. By a number of genomic profiling studies, some EBV miRNAs were confirmed to be highly expressed in EBV‐associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) samples and cell lines. The majority host targets of the EBV miRNAs are important for promoting cell growth and inhibiting apoptosis, facilitating cell survival and immune evasion. However, the integrated molecular mechanisms related to EBV miRNAs remain to be investigated. In this review, we summarized the crucial role of EBV miRNAs in epithelial malignancies, especially in EBVaGC. Collectively, EBV miRNAs play a significant role in the viral and host gene regulation network. Understanding the comprehensive potential targets and relevant functions of EBV miRNAs in gastric carcinogenesis might provide better clinical translation.
Involvement of stanniocalcins in the deregulation of glycaemia in obese mice and type 2 diabetic patients
Authors: López José Javier , Jardín Isaac , Cantonero Chamorro Carlos , Duran Manuel Luis , Tarancón Rubio María José , Reyes Panadero Maria , Jiménez Francisca , Montero Rocio , González María José , Martínez Manuel , Hernández María Jose , Brull José María , Corbacho Antonio Jesús , Delgado Elena , Granados María Purificación , Gómez‐Gordo Luis , Rosado Juan Antonio , Redondo Pedro Cosme 
Published: October 2017

AbstractStanniocalcins are expressed in the pancreas tissue, and it was suggested a direct correlation between circulating insulin and STC2 concentrations in human. Here, we show a significant correlation between STC1 and both glycaemia and glycosylated haemoglobin among DM2 patients, while DM2 patients who present the greatest glycosylated haemoglobin values exhibited the lowest STC2 expression. However, treatment of patients with antiglycaemic drugs does not significantly modify the expression of both STCs. On the other hand, STC2‐/‐ mice that exhibited neonatal and adult overweight further presented deregulated glycaemia when they were feed with a hypercaloric diet (breeding pellet, BP). This alteration is more evident at the early stages of the animal life. Deregulated glycaemia in these mice was confirmed using glucose oral test. In addition, STC2‐/‐ mice present enhanced pancreas size; thus, the histological analysis reveals that WT mice respond to BP diet by increasing the size of the pancreatic islets through inducing cell division, and STC2‐/‐ mice lack this compensatory mechanism. Contrary, BP fed STC2‐/‐ mice show enhanced number of islets but of similar size than those fed with regular pellet. Histopathological analysis demonstrates tissue structure disruption and erythrocytes infiltrations in STC2‐/‐ mice, possibly due to the stress evoked by the BP diet. Finally, enhanced glucagon immunostaining was observed in the islet of STC2‐/‐ mice, and the glucagon ELISA assay confirmed the increase in the circulating glucagon. Summarizing, we present evidence of the role of STCs, mainly STC2, as a possible early marker during development of diabetes mellitus.