bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Minimal two‐transistor multifunction filter design
Authors: Maundy Brent J. , Elwakil Ahmed S. , Ozoguz Serdar , Yildiz Hacer A. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThis paper presents a comprehensive method and analysis on the design of two‐transistor multi‐output filters where three possible functions are simultaneously available. Although two transistors are employed at its core, proper biasing does not require additional passive components. A total of thirteen valid second‐order filters are reported, and several of them are experimentally tested using discrete transistors as well as simulated using Spectre in a BiCMOS process. A fully differential realization of a MOS‐C band‐pass filter, based on one of the structures found, is designed and then used to realize a fourth‐order Chebyshev band‐pass filter. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dyadic flexibility mediates the relation between parent conflict and infants’ vagal reactivity during the Face‐to‐Face Still‐Face
Authors: Busuito Alex , Moore Ginger A. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractParent conflict is related to attenuated infant vagal reactivity, suggesting less effective regulation. Because infants’ self‐regulation develops in the context of coregulation, the current study examined a novel measure, flexibility, purported to reflect dyadic reorganization in response to contextual demands. Flexibility was expected to mediate the relation between greater conflict and lesser vagal reactivity during the reunion episode of the Face‐to‐Face Still‐Face (FFSF). Six‐month‐old infants’ and their mothers’ (N = 53) affective behaviors were observed during the FFSF and heart rate data were collected for infants. Flexibility was computed using state‐space analysis of dyadic behaviors and measured variability in and movement among dyadic states. Conflict was related to lesser infant vagal reactivity in the reunion through lower flexibility, suggesting less effective recovery from social stress. Flexibility may capture aspects of coregulation affected by environmental stress and may be one mechanism by which conflict contributes to developing vagal regulation.
Key factors that influence government policies and decision making about healthcare priorities: Lessons for the field of eating disorders
Authors: Whiteford Harvey , Weissman Ruth Striegel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWorldwide, the demand for healthcare exceeds what individuals and governments are able to afford. Priority setting is therefore inevitable, and mental health services have often been given low priority in the decision‐making process. Drawing on established economic criteria, and specifically the work of Philip Musgrove, key factors which influence government decision‐making about health priorities are reviewed. These factors include the size of the health burden, the availability of cost‐effective interventions to reduce the burden, whether private markets can provide the necessary treatment efficiently, whether there are “catastrophic costs” incurred in accessing treatment, whether negative externalities arise from not providing care, and if the “rule of rescue” applies. Beyond setting priorities for resource allocation, governments also become involved where there is a need for regulation to maintain quality in the delivery of healthcare. By providing field‐specific examples for each factor, we illustrate how advocates in the eating disorder field may use evidence to inform government policy about resource allocation and regulation in support of individuals with an eating disorder.
Relationship between the composition of fats and oils and their oxidative stability at different temperatures, determined using the Oxipres apparatus
Authors: Sabolová Monika , Johanidesová Aneta , Hasalíková Eva , Fišnar Jakub , Doležal Marek , Réblová Zuzana 
Published: February 2017

The oxidative stability of 12 edible fats and oils was determined at three different temperatures (80, 100, and 120°C) using the Oxipres apparatus, and compared with their characteristics (peroxide value, fatty acid composition, antioxidant capacity determined by the DPPH method and tocopherol content). Using a simple correlation analysis, oleic acid content was found to correlate most strongly with the oxidative stability of the analysed fats and oils (p < 0.01). Highly reliable models (p < 0.00001), defined the induction period as a function of the oleic/linoleic acid ratio, antioxidant capacity and peroxide value, were obtained by multivariate linear regression analysis at each of the three temperatures. In additional experiment, the effect of temperature on the induction period of sunflower oil, pork lard and extra virgin olive oil was studied in detail within the temperature range of 80–130°C. It was found that the logarithm of the induction period decreased linearly with increasing temperature (p < 0.01). However, the induction period of the different fats and oils decreased with temperature to a varying degree, i.e., the ratio between the induction periods of these fats and oils was affected by the temperature.Practical applications: Analyses to determine the oxidative stability of fats and oils are frequently required by food manufacturers, who use this information for the quality control of raw materials and, in particular, the selection of suitable fats or oils for food production. However, only a relatively small number of analytical laboratories are able to determine and interpret results obtained for the oxidative stability of fats and oils. On the other hand, determination of the composition of edible fats and oils (fatty acid composition, tocopherol content and other parameters) are routinely performed analyses. The ability to predict the oxidative stability of fats and oils from these commonly determined parameters can assist the selection and quality control of suitable raw materials for food manufacturers.The oxidative stability of selected edible fats and oils is determined at different temperatures using the Oxipres apparatus, and compare with their characteristics. Highly reliable models defined the induction period as a function of the oleic/linoleic acid ratio, antioxidant capacity and peroxide value, are obtained by multivariate linear regression analysis at each of the three temperatures.
Evaluation of di‐potassium and tri‐potassium EDTA evacuated tubes for routine haematological testing
Authors: Mehmood Rubaida , Muhammed Rabia Khushi , Hussain Sajjid , Sana Aniqa 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThe influence of blood collection devices on laboratory tests is often overlooked. We have discussed here how blood collection materials and devices can alter haematological test results, with an emphasis on blood collection tube (BCT) additives. We have compared K2 & K3‐EDTA vacuum tubes of same manufacturer IMPROVACUTER ® for CBC analysis.MethodsBlood was collected in both tubes simultaneously. Samples were analysed immediately after collection (<15 minutes) and after 4 hours by MEK−6318J/K Haematology Analyzer. Paired student's t‐test was applied for statistical analysis. Significant differences among results and biases were compared with current quality specifications.ResultsSignificant differences were found in Neutrophyls (GR) and mean platelets volume (MPV) when compared. K2‐EDTA vs K3‐EDTA(1st time) after< 15 minutes of sample collection, for Monocytes counts (MO), MCV, MPV, and RDW when comparing K2‐EDTA (first time) vs K2‐EDTA(second time, after 4 hours); and for Monocytes counts (MO), MCV, MPV, PCT, and RDW when comparing K3‐EDTA(1st time) vs K3‐EDTA(2nd time) in order to check the stability and reproducibility of vacutainers.ConclusionsThis study assesses the use of K2& K3‐EDTA vacuum tubes whether or not they represent a bias in haematological testing (CBC). The use of K2‐EDTA and K3‐EDTA vacuum tubes represent a clinically relevant source of variation for MCV, MPV, RDW, and PCT.
Effect of a Handover Tool on Efficiency of Care and Mortality for Interhospital Transfers
Authors: Theobald Cecelia N. , Choma Neesha N. , Ehrenfeld Jesse M. , Russ Stephan , Kripalani Sunil 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDInterhospital transfer is frequent, and transferred patients experience delays in the provision of care and higher mortality rates when compared to patients directly admitted. The interhospital handover is a key opportunity to improve care but has not been evaluated.OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of a universal handover tool on timeliness of care, length of stay (LOS), and mortality among interhospital transfer patients.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTSRetrospective cohort of patients transferred to an academic medical center between July 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010 with interrupted time‐series design.INTERVENTIONOne‐page handover tool containing information critical for immediate patient care instituted hospital‐wide on July 1, 2010. The handover tool was completed by the transferring physician and available for review before patient arrival.MEASUREMENTSTime‐to‐admission order entry, LOS after transfer, in‐hospital mortalityRESULTSThere was no significant change in the time‐to‐admission order entry after implementation (47 minutes vs. 45 minutes, adjusted P = 0.94). There was a nonstatistically significant reduction in LOS after implementation (6.5 days vs. 5.8 days, adjusted P = 0.06). In‐hospital mortality for transfer patients declined significantly in the postintervention period from 12.0% to 8.9% (adjusted odds ratio, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.47 – 0.99, P = 0.04). There was no change in mortality for the concurrent control group.CONCLUSIONImplementation of a standardized handover tool for interhospital transfer was feasible and may be associated with significant reductions in length of stay and mortality. Widespread adoption of similar tools may improve outcomes in this high‐risk population.
Discharge Handoff Communication and Pediatric Readmissions
Authors: Coller Ryan J. , Klitzner Thomas S. , Saenz Adrianna A. , Lerner Carlos F. , Alderette Lauren G. , Nelson Bergen B. , Chung Paul J. 
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUNDImprovement in hospital transitional care has become a major national priority, although the impact on children's postdischarge outcomes is unclear.OBJECTIVETo characterize common handoff practices between hospital and primary care providers (PCPs), and test the hypothesis that common handoff practices would be associated with fewer unplanned readmissions.DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTSThis prospective cohort study enrolled randomly selected pediatric patients during an acute hospitalization at a tertiary children's hospital in 2012‐2014.MEASUREMENTSPrimary care and patient data were abstracted from administrative, caregiver, and PCP questionnaires on admission through 30 days postdischarge. The primary outcome was 30‐day unplanned readmission to any hospital. Logistic regression assessed relationships between readmissions and 11 handoff communication practices.RESULTSWe enrolled 701 children, from which 685 identified PCPs. Complete data were collected from 84% of PCPs. Communication practices varied widely—verbal handoffs occurred rarely (10.7%); PCP notification of admission occurred for 50.8%. Caregiver experience scores, using an adapted Care Transitions Measure‐3, were high but were unrelated to readmissions. Thirty‐day unplanned readmissions to any hospital were unrelated to most handoff practices. Having PCP follow‐up appointments scheduled prior to discharge was associated with more readmissions (adjusted odds ratio, 2.20; 95% confidence interval, 1.08‐4.46).CONCLUSIONDespite their presumed value, common handoff practices between hospital providers and PCPs may not lead to reductions in postdischarge utilization for children. Addressing broader constructs like caregiver self‐efficacy or social determinants is likely necessary.
Biosynthesis and mass spectral fragmentation pathways of 13C and 15N labeled cytochalasin D produced by Xylaria arbuscula
Authors: Amaral L. S. , Fill T. P. , Santos L. F. A. , Rodrigues‐Filho E. 
Published: February 2017

The fungus Xylaria arbuscula was isolated as an endophyte from Cupressus lusitanica and has shown to be a prominent producer of cytochalasins, mainly cytochalasins C, D and Q. Cytochalasins comprise an important class of fungal secondary metabolites that have aroused attention due to their uncommon molecular structures and pronounced biological activities.Due to the few published studies on the ESI‐MS/MS fragmentation of this important class of secondary metabolites, in the first part of our work, we studied the cytochalasin D fragmentation pathways by using an ESI‐Q‐ToF mass spectrometer coupled with liquid chromatography. We verified that the main fragmentation routes were generated by hydrogen and McLafferty rearrangements which provided more ions than just the ones related to the losses of H2O and CO as reported in previous studies. We also confirmed the diagnostic ions at m/z 146 and 120 as direct precursor derived from phenylalanine. The present work also aimed the production of structurally diverse cytochalasins by varying the culture conditions used to grow the fungus X. arbuscula and further insights into the biosynthesis of cytochalasins. HPLC‐MS analysis revealed no significant changes in the metabolic profile of the microorganism with the supplementation of different nitrogen sources but indicated the ability of X. arbuscula to have access to inorganic and organic nitrogen, such as nitrate, ammonium and amino acids as a primary source of nitrogen. The administration of 2‐13C‐glycine showed the direct correlation of this amino acid catabolism and the biosynthesis of cytochalasin D by X. arbuscula, due to the incorporation of three labeled carbons in cytochalasin chemical structure. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of online heart‐cutting high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with linear ion trap mass spectrometry in the identification of impurities in vidarabine monophosphate
Authors: Wang Hang , Xu Tongzhou , Yuan Jiaojian 
Published: February 2017

It is difficult to identify unknown impurities in nucleotide analogues by mass spectrometry because mass‐spectrometry‐incompatible mobile phases need to be used to separate the major ingredient from impurities. In this study, vidarabine monophosphate was selected, and unknown impurities were identified by online heart‐cutting two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography and linear ion trap mass spectrometry. The one‐dimensional reversed‐phase column was filled with a mobile phase containing nonvolatile salt. In two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography, we used an Acclaim Q1 column with volatile salt, and the detection wavelength was 260 nm. The mass spectrum was scanned in positive‐ and negative‐ion mode. The online heart‐cutting and online demineralization technique ensured that the mobile phase was compatible with mass spectrometry; seven impurities were identified by MS2 and MS3 fragments. The mass fragmentation patterns of these impurities were investigated. The two isomers were semiprepared and complemented by nuclear magnetic resonance. The results were further compared with those of normal‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. The online heart‐cutting two‐dimensional high‐performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry was superior in identifying more impurities. The method solves the problem of incompatibility between the mobile phase and mass spectrometry, so it is suitable for identifying unknown impurities. This method may also be used for investigating impurities in other nucleotide analogues.
Introducing Chicken Farming into Traditional Ruminant‐Grazing Dominated Production Systems for Promoting Ecological Restoration of Degraded Rangeland in Northern China
Authors: Su Hua , Liu Wei , Xu Hong , Yang Jingcheng , Su Benying , Zhang Xiujie , Wang Ruixia , Li Yonggeng 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFree‐range chicken farming (CF) has been demonstrated to be effective in controlling locust plagues and restoring degraded vegetation in rangelands. However, the effects of CF on vegetation growth and soil conditions of rangeland ecosystems are not yet well known. We studied the effects of CF (treated by three stocking rates from low‐intensity to high‐intensity), livestock grazing (LG) and zero grazing (ZG) on vegetation characteristics and soil nutrient conditions in a degraded rangeland of northern China. CF significantly improved vegetation growth and soil quality compared with LG. The moderate CF2 with 333 birds per hectare enhanced the aboveground net primary production to 204·0 g m−2 yr−1 and vegetation cover to 88·8%, which is significantly higher than LG by 80·7% and 62·9%, respectively. Moreover, CF2 neutralized the pH value and raised soil organic matter, total N content, available N content and available P content to approximately 7·59 g kg−1, 0·34 g kg−1, 83·52 mg kg−1 and 3·4 mg kg−1, respectively. Compared with ZG, the positive impacts of CF on rangelands depended on the stocking rate, and better performance was achieved when lower stocking rates were used. We also analysed the economic benefits of CF through a cost–benefit analysis. A local family could obtain a net present value of at least $252·19 per hectare by engaging in CF, which was two‐fold higher than LG. Finally, we proposed a novel land‐use model that introduces CF into traditional LG dominated system and can be widely applied to promote socio‐ecological sustainable development in degraded rangelands. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ecological niche partitioning within a large predator guild in a nutrient‐limited estuary
Authors: Matich Philip , Ault Jerald S. , Boucek Ross E. , Bryan David R. , Gastrich Kirk R. , Harvey Christine L. , Heithaus Michael R. , Kiszka Jeremy J. , Paz Valeria , Rehage Jennifer S. , Rosenblatt Adam E. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWithin oligotrophic ecosystems, resource limitations coupled with interspecific variation in morphology, physiology, and life history traits may lead to niche partitioning among species. How generalist predators partition resources and their mechanisms, however, remain unclear across many ecosystems. We quantified niche partitioning among upper trophic level coastal and estuarine species: American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis), bull sharks (Carcharhinus leucas), common bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), common snook (Centropomus undecimalis), and Atlantic tarpon (Megalops atlanticus) in the Shark River Estuary of the Florida Coastal Everglades, USA using acoustic telemetry, stable isotope analysis, and visual surveys, combined with published diet and life history demographic information. Spatial and isotopic niche overlap occurred among most species, with variability in partitioning among interspecific interactions. However, seasonal variability in habitat use, movements patterns, and trophic interactions may promote coexistence within this resource‐limited estuary. Beyond guild‐level niche partitioning, predators within the Shark River Estuary also exhibit partitioning within species through individual specializations and divergent phenotypes, which may lead to intraspecific variability in niche overlap with other predators. Niche differentiation expressed across multiple organizational levels (i.e., populations and communities) coupled with behavioral plasticity among predators in oligotrophic ecosystems may promote high species diversity despite resource limitations, which may be important when species respond to natural and human‐driven environmental change.
Falling Weight Impact Properties of Palm Shell Reinforced Palm Oil‐Based Polyurethane Bio‐Composite Sandwich
Authors: Cheng Teo Siew , Uy Lan Du Ngoc , Leng Teh Pei , Ngoc Tran Le Quan 
Published: February 2017

SummaryThe research focused on the usage of waste oil palm biomass such as empty fruit bunch fibre (EFB), dried palm shell (DPS) and palm kernel shell (PKS) to produce palm oil‐based polyurethane (POPU) composite foams, and applied them as sandwich cores. The sandwich cores were attached with jute/epoxy composite facesheets to fabricate high‐strength bio‐composite sandwiches. Sandwich cores composed of 32 wt% of POPU binder, 8 wt% of EFB and 60 wt% of palm shells. Three palm shell systems from different blend ratios of DPS and PKS such as 100:0 (100D), 50:50 (50D50P) and 0:100 (100P) were investigated. The toughness of bio‐sandwiches was investigated by using falling weight impact machine with the impact energy level of 29 J, 39 J, and 49 J. Results indicated that the sandwich using 50D50P hybrid palm shell core exhibited the highest peak load and lowest total damaged areas for all energies. Sandwich of 100P also expressed higher impact load and energy compared to those of sandwich 100D. There are no perforation damage on the bottom facesheet of 50D50P and 100P sandwiches at all energy levels except 100D sandwich at an energy of 49 J. In addition, no rebounding of the impactor was found for all sandwiches at all impact energies.
Comparison Study of Polyethylene and Polypropylene Addition on Asphalt With Lignin as Coupling Agent
Authors: Putra Wahyuaji N. , Syahwalia R. , Hendrasetyawan Bernhard E. , Giovanni Samuel C. , Chalid M. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryPolyethylene (PE) and Polypropylene (PP) are already well‐known as a type of packaging materials and resulting on abundant amount of wastes. On the other hand, fabrication of papers always has lignin as one of the by‐products. These materials are potential to be combined with asphalt to create asphalt composite which will have better mechanical properties and higher water resistant compared with ordinary asphalt. This research focuses on preliminary observation on the effect of lignin, PE and PP addition in asphalt composite. Addition of 0.1% lignin into PP increases the penetration depth more significantly than PE. The increase of penetration depth is up to 350% in PP, and only 100% in PE. On the other hand, lignin addition into PP and PE have the same effect on the ductility. Lignin addition to both polymers increase the ductility up to 200%. In term of stability, PP‐Asphalt is better as it shows only 8% ductility reduction after 0.5% lignin addition, while PE‐Asphalt ductility is reduced up to 56.5%. The same trend also occured for hardness where PP‐Asphalt shows reduction of 14% and PE‐Asphalt is reduced by 32%.
Effects of a wide range of dietary nicotinamide riboside (NR) concentrations on metabolic flexibility and white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice fed a mildly obesogenic diet
Authors: Shi Wenbiao , Hegeman Maria A. , van Dartel Dorien A.M. , Tang Jing , Suarez Manuel , Swarts Hans , van der Hee Bart , Arola Lluis , Keijer Jaap 
Published: February 2017

ScopeMetabolic flexibility is the ability to switch metabolism between carbohydrate oxidation (CHO) and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and is a biomarker for metabolic health. The effect on metabolic health of nicotinamide riboside (NR) as an exclusive source of vitamin B3 is unknown and is examined here for a wide range of NR.Design and methodsNine‐week‐old male C57BL/6JRcc mice received a semi‐purified mildly obesogenic (40 en% fat) diet containing 0.14% L‐tryptophan and either 5, 15, 30, 180, or 900 mg NR per kg diet for 15 weeks. Body composition and metabolic parameters were analyzed. Metabolic flexibility was measured using indirect calorimetry. Gene expression in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT) was measured using qRT‐PCR .ResultsThe maximum delta respiratory exchange ratio when switching from CHO to FAO (maxΔRERCHO1→FAO) and when switching from FAO to CHO (maxΔRERFAO→CHO2) were largest in 30 mg NR per kg diet (30NR). In eWAT, the gene expression of Pparγ, a master regulator of adipogenesis, and of Sod2 and Prdx3, two antioxidant genes, were significantly upregulated in 30NR compared to 5NR.Conclusion30NR is most beneficial for metabolic health, in terms of metabolic flexibility and eWAT gene expression, of mice on an obesogenic diet.