bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Phase II Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of Simtuzumab or Placebo in Combination with Gemcitabine for the First-Line Treatment of Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Benson Al B. , Wainberg Zev A. , Hecht J. Randolph , Vyushkov Dmitry , Dong Hua , Bendell Johanna , Kudrik Fred 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Lessons Learned
The safety profile in the gemcitabine/simtuzumab group was similar to that in the gemcitabine/placebo group. The addition of simtuzumab to gemcitabine does not improve clinical outcomes in patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Background
The humanized IgG4 monoclonal antibody simtuzumab inhibits the extracellular matrix-remodeling enzyme lysyl oxidase-like 2 maintaining pathological stroma in tumors.

Methods
Adult patients with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (mPaCa) were randomly assigned to receive intravenous gemcitabine, 1,000 mg/m2, in combination with 200 or 700 mg simtuzumab or placebo. Primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS), secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and safety.

Results
Of 240 patients, 80 were randomly assigned to gemcitabine/simtuzumab 700 mg, 79 to gemcitabine/simtuzumab 200 mg, and 81 to gemcitabine/placebo. After a median follow-up of 3.0, 1.9, and 3.4 months for gemcitabine/simtuzumab 700 mg, gemcitabine/simtuzumab 200 mg, and gemcitabine/placebo, respectively, the median PFS was 3.7 months (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 95% confidence interval [CI], p value vs placebo: 1.09 [0.74–1.61]; p = .73), 3.5 months (1.13 [0.76–1.66], p = .61]), and 3.7 months, respectively. Median OS was 7.6 months (0.83 [0.57–1.22]; p = .28), 5.9 months (1.07 [0.73–1.55]; p = .69), and 5.7 months, respectively. ORRs were 13.9%, 14.5%, and 23.5%, respectively. Simtuzumab was well tolerated.

Conclusion
The addition of simtuzumab to gemcitabine did not improve clinical outcomes in patients with mPaCa.
A questão agrária como uma questão para a arquitetura e urbanismo
Authors: Sertori Rodolfo José Viana , Rodriguez Angel Stive Castañeda , Lenzi Cecilia Corrêa 
Published: March 2017

ResumoA proposta do III Colóquio Habitat e Cidadania: habitação no campo, nas águas e nas florestas, foi debater a questão agrária brasileira e o problema habitacional nas áreas rurais. As diferenças entre os participantes, no entanto, tornaram-se latentes. De um lado, destacava-se uma parcela do campesinato cujas posições amparavam-se na institucionalização de suas demandas, sobretudo a demanda habitacional. Por outro, os que se posicionaram a partir do rompimento com as relações institucionais que sequer chegam a comprometer a inviolabilidade da propriedade privada e a manutenção da estrutura fundiária brasileira. Este entrave coloca para nós, arquitetos e urbanistas, algumas indagações: a produção do habitat nas áreas rurais e a questão agrária brasileira seriam problemas relevantes para a arquitetura e o urbanismo? Como tornar visíveis, aos olhos da nossa área, as não cidades e seus não cidadãos? Este desafio torna-se extremamente complexo, pois a contradição entre terra e capital se configura enquanto um impasse estrutural tanto nas cidades quanto nas áreas rurais. Neste sentido, debater a questão habitacional a partir da totalidade dos processos de territorialização que têm deflagrado esta contradição pode nos dar pistas de como contribuir com a superação da conflituosa realidade que ainda persiste nas áreas rurais brasileiras. Palavras-chave: colóquio habitat e cidadania; habitat e habitação nas áreas rurais; questão agrária; reforma agrária. AbstractThe proposal of the 3rd Colloquium Habitat and Citizenship: social housing in Brazilian rural areas was to discuss Brazilian agrarian issue and housing problem in rural areas. However, the differences between event participants were visible. On one side, one part of the peasantry exposed their positions from the institutionalization of their demands, including housing need. On the other side, we witnessed those who highlighted the rupture with the governments dependence – who have been disinterested in confronting inviolability of private property and the maintenance of the Brazilian land structure. This obstacle gives us, architects and urban planners, some questions: the production of habitat in rural areas and the agrarian issue would be relevant problems to architecture and urbanism? How to make visible for our science the non-cities and their non-citizens? This challenge becomes extremely complex because the contradiction between land and capital is configured as an impasse both in cities and in different rural areas. Therefore, to discuss the housing problem from the different cases of territorialization that expose this contradiction can give us some alternatives for how to contribute to overcoming the conflictive reality that still persists in Brazilian rural areas.Keywords: colloquium habitat and citizenship; habitat and housing in rural areas; agrarian issue; land reform.
A VARIAÇÃO DO RÓTICO EM CIDADES TOCANTINENSES
Authors: Silva Greize Alves da , Menezes Bruna Lorraynne Dias 
Published: March 2017

O Tocantins possui 28 anos de emancipação política e se caracteriza por sua diversidade linguística, fruto dos intensos fluxos migratórios de pessoas procedentes, principalmente, do Maranhão, do Piauí, da Bahia e do Pará. Dentre as cidades que receberam grandes levas migratórias destacamos Porto Nacional, Pedro Afonso e Natividade, fundadas ainda no antigo norte goiano e que se constituem como importantes polos históricos, formados tanto por pessoas autóctones quanto por migrantes procedentes de diferentes regiões. Nesse interim, e partindo do pressuposto de que as citadas cidades podem apresentar importantes aspectos variacionistas do português falado no Tocantins, o presente trabalho possuiu a finalidade de identificar e analisar os róticos, grafematicamente representado por /R/, em posição de coda silábica, nas três mencionadas cidades. As pesquisas de campo foram realizadas junto a 24 informantes topodinâmicos e topoestáticos, distribuídos pelas variáveis sexo e idade. Analisamos um extrato de questionário contendo 25 questões coletadas pelo projeto “Atlas Linguístico Topodinâmico Topoestático do Estado do Tocantins (ALiTTETO)”.
Palavras-chave: Tocantins, Rótico, Variação Linguística.
The effect of Phet Simulation media for physics teacher candidate understanding on photoelectric effect concept
Authors: Supurwoko Supurwoko , Cari Cari , Sarwanto Sarwanto , Sukarmin Sukarmin , Suparmi Suparmi 
Published: March 2017

Indonesian new Curriculum for senior high school students required student-centered learning. One of the curriculum implementation constraint was the difficulty of providing learning media. PhET simulations media is one of the options that can help implementation of new curriculum on learning. However, the use of this media in Indonesia still needs to be studied comprehensively. The learning was conducted on students of physics education Study Program in sebelas maret university in 2013. The sample consisted of 62 students that was taking quantum physics course. The method that was used in the research was descriptive qualitative. The method that was used in learning was demonstration’s method that used PhET media and accompanied by a question and answer and groups discussion. The data was collected using multiple choice test and interview through email. We found that any students still did not understand about photoelectric effect concept. They were confused when asked about the thick material and cross section of the targets as related with the regardless of electrons in the photoelectric effect event. Other than that, the concept of the waves as a particle and its relation with the kinetic energy of the electrons was not understood by most students.
In Vivo Three-Dimensional Patellar Mechanics
Authors: Sharma Adrija , Grieco Trevor F. , Zingde Sumesh M. , Dennis Douglas A. , Anderle Matthew R. , Komistek Richard D. 
Published: March 2017

Background:Patellofemoral complications are a major cause of revision surgery following total knee arthroplasty (TKA). High forces occurring at the patellofemoral articulation coupled with a small patellofemoral contact area pose substantial design challenges. In this study, the three-dimensional (3D) in vivo mechanics of domed and anatomically shaped patellar components were compared with those of native patellae.Methods:Ten normal knees, 10 treated with an LCS-PS (low contact stress-posterior stabilized) TKA (anatomically shaped patellar component), and 10 treated with a PFC Sigma RP-PS (press-fit condylar Sigma rotating platform-posterior stabilized) TKA (domed patellar component) were analyzed under fluoroscopic surveillance while the patient performed a weight-bearing deep knee bend from full knee extension to maximum knee flexion. Relevant bone geometries were segmented out from computed tomography (CT) scans, and computer-assisted-design (CAD) models of the implanted components were obtained from the manufacturer. Three-dimensional patellofemoral kinematics were obtained using a 3D-to-2D registration process. Contact mechanics were calculated using a distance map between the articulating patellar and femoral surfaces.Results:Both patellar component designs exhibited good rotational kinematics and tracked well within the femoral trochlea when compared with the normal patella. The contact areas in the TKA groups peaked at 60° of knee flexion (mean and standard deviation, 201 ± 63.4 mm2for the LCS-PS group and 218 ± 95.4 mm2for the Sigma RP-PS group), and the areas were substantially smaller than those previously reported for the normal patella. Contact points in the TKA groups stayed close to the center of the patellar components.Conclusions:Both designs performed satisfactorily, although patellofemoral contact areas were reduced in comparison with those in the native patella.Level of Evidence:TherapeuticLevel III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Predictors of Reoperation for Adult Femoral Shaft Fractures Managed Operatively in a Sub-Saharan Country
Authors: Eliezer Edmund N. , Haonga Billy T. , Morshed Saam , Shearer David W. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
The optimal treatment for femoral shaft fractures in low-resource settings has yet to be established, in part, because of a lack of data supporting operative treatment modalities. We aimed to determine the reoperation rate among femoral fractures managed operatively and to identify risk factors for reoperation at a hospital in a Sub-Saharan country.

Methods:
We conducted a prospective clinical study at a single tertiary care center in Tanzania, enrolling all skeletally mature patients with diaphyseal femoral fractures managed operatively from July 2012 to July 2013. Patients were followed at regular intervals for 1 year postoperatively. The primary outcome was a complication requiring reoperation for any reason. Secondary outcomes were scores on the EuroQol (EQ)-5D, radiographic union score for tibial fractures (RUST), and squat-and-smile test.

Results:
There were a total of 331 femoral fractures (329 patients) enrolled in the study, with a follow-up rate at 1 year of 82.2% (272 of 331). Among the patients with complete follow-up, 4 injuries were managed with plate fixation and 268 were managed with use of an intramedullary nail. The reoperation rate for plate fixation was 25% (1 of 4) compared with 5.2% (14 of 268) for intramedullary nailing (p = 0.204). As found in a multivariate logistic regression, a small nail diameter, a Winquist type-3 fracture pattern, and varus malalignment of proximal fractures were associated with reoperation. The mean EQ-5D score at 1 year was 0.95 for patients who did not require reoperation compared with 0.83 for patients who required reoperation (p = 0.0002).

Conclusions:
Intramedullary nailing for femoral shaft fractures was associated with low risk of reoperation and a nearly full return to baseline health-related quality of life at 1 year of follow-up. There are potentially modifiable risk factors for reoperation that can be identified and addressed through education and dissemination of these findings.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Global Forum: The Burden of Bone and Joint Infections
Authors: Malizos Konstantinos N. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract:
The rate and severity of septic complications following joint replacement surgery and the incidence of posttraumatic infections are projected to increase at a faster pace because of a tendency to operate on high-risk patients, including older patients, patients with diabetes, and patients who are immunocompromised or have comorbidities. Musculoskeletal infections are devastating adverse events that may become life-threatening conditions. They create an additional burden on total health-care expenditures, and can lead to functional impairment, long-lasting disability, or even permanent handicap, with the inevitable social and economic burdens. The scientific community should take a more active role to draw public attention to the plight of hundreds of thousands of people across the globe who experience complications, become disabled, and, in some cases, die, and it should highlight what could be achieved if the global community takes decisive steps to improve access, early detection, and appropriate care. However, mitigating the adverse personal, clinical, and socioeconomic effects of these conditions requires increasing financial resources provided by both governments and funding organizations. Furthermore, a targeted action plan from the providers and the professional societies should be put in place so that the burden created by bone and joint infections is included in the agenda for global health-care priorities.
Subsequent Total Joint Arthroplasty After Primary Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty
Authors: Sanders Thomas L. , Maradit Kremers Hilal , Schleck Cathy D. , Larson Dirk R. , Berry Daniel J. 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Despite the large increase in total hip arthroplasties and total knee arthroplasties, the incidence and prevalence of additional contralateral or ipsilateral joint arthroplasty are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of additional joint arthroplasty after a primary total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:
This historical cohort study identified population-based cohorts of patients who underwent primary total hip arthroplasty (n = 1,933) or total knee arthroplasty (n = 2,139) between 1969 and 2008. Patients underwent passive follow-up through their medical records beginning with the primary total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty. We assessed the likelihood of undergoing a subsequent total joint arthroplasty, including simultaneous and staged bilateral procedures. Age, sex, and calendar year were evaluated as potential predictors of subsequent arthroplasty.

Results:
During a mean follow-up of 12 years after an initial total hip arthroplasty, we observed 422 contralateral total hip arthroplasties (29% at 20 years), 76 contralateral total knee arthroplasties (6% at 10 years), and 32 ipsilateral total knee arthroplasties (2% at 20 years). Younger age was a significant predictor of contralateral total hip arthroplasty (p < 0.0001), but not a predictor of the subsequent risk of total knee arthroplasty. During a mean follow-up of 11 years after an initial total knee arthroplasty, we observed 809 contralateral total knee arthroplasties (45% at 20 years), 31 contralateral total hip arthroplasties (3% at 20 years), and 29 ipsilateral total hip arthroplasties (2% at 20 years). Older age was a significant predictor of ipsilateral or contralateral total hip arthroplasty (p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
Patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty or total knee arthroplasty can be informed of a 30% to 45% chance of a surgical procedure in a contralateral cognate joint and about a 5% chance of a surgical procedure in noncognate joints within 20 years of initial arthroplasty. Increased risk of contralateral total knee arthroplasty following an initial total hip arthroplasty may be due to gait changes prior to and/or following total hip arthroplasty. The higher prevalence of bilateral total hip arthroplasty in younger patients may result from bilateral disease processes that selectively affect the young hip, such as osteonecrosis, or structural hip problems, such as acetabular dysplasia or femoroacetabular impingement.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Navigation and Robotics in Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Buza John A. , Wasterlain Amy S. , Thakkar Savyasachi C. , Meere Patrick , Vigdorchik Jonathan 
Published: March 2017

➢ Computer-assisted surgery for total knee arthroplasty can be performed with use of computer-assisted navigation, handheld navigation, partially or fully robot-assisted technology, and patient-specific instrumentation.➢ Computer-assisted navigation leads to improved component alignment and a reduction in the likelihood of mechanical axis outliers after total knee arthroplasty, but it is not known whether these differences have any long-term benefit on clinical or functional outcomes.➢ Handheld navigation is a form of computer-assisted navigation that includes accelerometer and sensor-based technology. While largely unproven in the clinical literature, it offers many potential advantages over traditional navigation.➢ Robot-assisted surgery has not been extensively studied in the context of unicompartmental and total knee arthroplasty, and, although initial reports have been promising in terms of accuracy and precision, this method is associated with substantial cost and a steep learning curve.➢ Patient-specific instrumentation was designed to overcome many of the intraoperative challenges associated with navigation or robotic surgery, but early reports have demonstrated only minor improvements in surgical accuracy, and no change in outcomes, compared with conventional total knee arthroplasty.
Patterns and Meanings of English Words through Word Formation Processes of Acronyms, Clipping, Compound and Blending Found in Internet-Based Media
Authors: Moehkardi Rio Rini Diah 
Published: March 2017

This research aims to explore the word-formation process in English new words found in the internet-based media through acronym, compound, clipping and blending and their meanings. This study applies Plag’s (2002) framework of acronym and compound; Jamet’s (2009) framework of clipping, and Algeo’s framework (1977) in Hosseinzadeh (2014) for blending. Despite the formula established in each respective framework, there could be occurrences of novelty and modification on how words are formed and how meaning developed in the newly formed words. The research shows that well accepted acronyms can become real words by taking lower case and affixation. Some acronyms initialized non-lexical words, used non initial letters, and used letters and numbers that pronounced the same with the words they represent. Compounding also includes numbers as the element member of the compound. The nominal nouns are likely to have metaphorical and idiomatic meanings. Some compounds evolve to new and more specific meaning. The study also finds that back-clipping is the most dominant clipping. In blending, the sub-category clipping of blending, the study finds out that when clipping takes place, the non-head element is back-clipped and the head is fore-clipped.
Book Review. Racial Science and Human Diversity in Colonial Indonesia
Authors: Darmawan Ruly , Andanwerti Noeranti 
Published: March 2017

This book which entitles ‘Racial Science and Human Diversity in Colonial Indonesia’ was written by Fenneke Sysling, a historian of science and Colonialism. This book is published in 2016 by NUS Press, National University of Singapore, Singapore. This book provides an exposure of Western thinkers, especially in the field of physical anthropology, in mapping out the existing races in Indonesia. Towards this mission, the Colonial scientists faced many obstacles in both technical and non-technical aspects.
TINGKAT KEPEKAAN MANGROVE INDONESIA TERHADAP TUMPAHAN MINYAK (The Sensitivity Levels of Indonesian Mangrove to Oil Spills)
Authors: Muarif Muarif , Damar Ario , Hariyadi Sigid , Boer Mennofatria , Soetrisno Dewayani 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRAKKepekaan mangrove merupakan komponen penting dalam menentukan tingkat kepekaan ekosistem mangrove terhadap tumpahan minyak. Mangrove Indonesia dapat dikelompokkan dalam 5 tingkat kepekaan terhadap tumpahan minyak, yaitu tidak peka (Acanthus, Nypa, Inocarpus, Acrostichum), kurang peka (Aegiceras, Excoecaria, Hibiscus, Lumnitzera, Ficus, Scyphiphora, Thespasia, Merope, Osbornea, Pandanus), cukup peka (Bruguiera, Ceriops, Xylocarpus, Heritiera), peka (Rhizophora), dan sangat peka (Avicennia, dan Sonneratia). Penilaian terhadap komunitas mangrove di Indonesia menunjukkan sebagian besar tergolong ke dalam katagori sangat peka dan peka apabila komunitas mangrove tersebut terkena tumpahan minyak. ABSTRACTThe sensitivity of mangrove is an important component to determine the sensitivity of mangrove ecosystem to oil spills. The Indonesian mangrove can be grouped into five levels of sensitivity to the oil spill, include not sensitive (Acanthus, Nypa, Inocarpus, and Acrostichum), low sensitive (Aegiceras, Excoecaria, Hibiscus, Lumnitzera, Ficus, Scyphiphora, Thespasia, Merope, Osbornea, and Pandanus), intermediate sensitive (Bruguiera, Ceriops, Xylocarpus, and Heritiera), sensitive (Rhizophora), and very sensitive (Avicennia, and Sonneratia). Assessment of mangrove communities in Indonesia showed mostly belong to the category of very sensitive and sensitive if the mangrove communities injured by the oil spill.
COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT WITH URBAN RIVER IMPROVEMENT: THE CASE OF YOGYAKARTA CITY (Melibatkan Masyarakat dalam Memperbaiki Lingkungan Sungai Perkotaan : Kasus Kota Yogyakarta)
Authors: Kusnanto Hari , Dibyosaputro Suprapto , Hadisusanto Suwarno , Saraswati Sri Puji 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe restoration of urban rivers has shifted from predominantly physical and ecological to community oriented social and economic improvement. Community engagement is needed in the people approach of development. Information sharing and public consultation are not enough. A case study among the riverside communities living in Yogyakarta city indicated that these communities need to move out of poverty and destitution through coaching and mentoring by various experts, and at the same time they would assure the ecosystem functioning of urban rivers. ABSTRACTRestorasi sungai-sungai perkotaan telah bergeser dari peningkatan fisik dan ekologis menjadi lebih berorientasi pada sosial dan ekonomi. Keterlibatan masyarakat dibutuhkan dalam pendekatan manusiawi pembangunan. Pemberian informasi dan konsultasi public tidak cukup studi kasus pada komunitas-komunitas yang hidup di pinggir sungai di kota Yogyakarta menunjukkan bahwa komunitas tersebut perlu mengentaskan diri dari kemiskinan dan keterbelaknagn dengan bantuan ahli, dan pada saat yang sama menjaga fungsi ekosistem sungai-sungai perkotaan.