bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of body weight on the diagnosis of aortic dilation—misdiagnosis in overweight and underweight groups
Authors: Braley Katherine T. , Tang Xinyu , Makil Elizabeth S. , Borroughs‐Ray Desiree , Collins Ronnie T. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundBody surface area (BSA)‐indexed Z‐scores are used to assess the ascending aorta (AAo) and diagnose aortic dilation (AoD) in children. BSA is directly related to body weight and corresponds to body mass index (BMI). We hypothesized extremes in BMI alter interpretation of aortic size in pediatric patients with AoD.MethodsWe reviewed all echocardiograms with a diagnosis of AoD performed at our institution from January 2013 through June 2013. Those with an age <2 or >20 years, history of aortic root surgery, or inadequate images were excluded. The aorta was measured by standard methods at the sinus of Valsalva, sinotubular junction, and proximal AAo. Using subject age, height, and gender, hypothetical weights for each subject were calculated to provide BMIs corresponding to the 5th, 50th, 85th, and 95th percentiles. The derived weights were then used to determine hypothetical BSA, and Z‐scores were calculated for the subject's aortic diameters in each BMI group.ResultsA total of 153 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 11.1±4.6 years (68% male). Mean height was 142.7±27.9 cm, mean weight 44.6±24.8 kg, and mean true BMI was the 62nd centile. Significant differences in all aortic dimension Z‐scores were found among normal and underweight, overweight, and obese BMI groups (P<.001 for all comparisons), respectively.ConclusionUsing current recommended methods, AoD will be missed in overweight and obese patients and overdiagnosed in underweight patients. For children of normal weight, a Z‐score based on BSA may be reliable. As obesity rates increase, weight‐independent Z‐scores must be developed.
Transient Recharge Estimability Through Field‐Scale Groundwater Model Calibration
Authors: Knowling Matthew J. , Werner Adrian D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe estimation of recharge through groundwater model calibration is hampered by the nonuniqueness of recharge and aquifer parameter values. It has been shown recently that the estimability of spatially distributed recharge through calibration of steady‐state models for practical situations (i.e., real‐world, field‐scale aquifer settings) is limited by the need for excessive amounts of hydraulic‐parameter and groundwater‐level data. However, the extent to which temporal recharge variability can be informed through transient model calibration, which involves larger water‐level datasets, but requires the additional consideration of storage parameters, is presently unknown for practical situations. In this study, time‐varying recharge estimates, inferred through calibration of a field‐scale highly parameterized groundwater model, are systematically investigated subject to changes in (1) the degree to which hydraulic parameters including hydraulic conductivity (K) and specific yield (Sy) are constrained, (2) the number of water‐level calibration targets, and (3) the temporal resolution (up to monthly time steps) at which recharge is estimated. The analysis involves the use of a synthetic reality (a reference model) based on a groundwater model of Uley South Basin, South Australia. Identifiability statistics are used to evaluate the ability of recharge and hydraulic parameters to be estimated uniquely. Results show that reasonable estimates of monthly recharge (<30% recharge root‐mean‐squared error) require a considerable amount of transient water‐level data, and that the spatial distribution of K is known. Joint estimation of recharge, Sy and K, however, precludes reasonable inference of recharge and hydraulic parameter values. We conclude that the estimation of temporal recharge variability through calibration may be impractical for real‐world settings.
Efficacy and safety of telaprevir with natural human interferon‐β and ribavirin in Japanese chronic hepatitis C patients with depression
Authors: Kumada Hiromitsu , Mochida Satoshi , Nakamuta Makoto , Suzuki Fumitaka , Yagi Takashi , Takasaki Ryuji , Okai Masao , Kamiya Naohiro , Okada Yasushi , Hirota Saya , Orihashi Madori , Ochi Miyoko , Chayama Kazuaki 
Published: May 2017

AimTo assess the efficacy and safety of telaprevir (TVR) when used in combination with natural human interferon‐β (IFN‐β) and ribavirin (RBV) for genotype 1 patients with depression compared to IFN‐β/RBV therapy in Japan. We also examined the efficacy of the TVR/IFN‐β/RBV therapy in treatment failure genotype 2 patients with depression.MethodsFor the genotype 1 patients, 30 patients received TVR (750 mg every 8 h) for 12 weeks combined with IFN‐β and RBV for 24 weeks (Group A), and 30 received IFN‐β and RBV for 48 weeks (Group B). For the genotype 2 patients, 14 patients were dosed only with the TVR‐based regimen.ResultsThe sustained virologic response (SVR) rates for Group A and Group B were 63.3% and 20.0%, respectively (P = 0.001, likelihood ratio test). The SVR rate for genotype 2 patients previously treated with pegylated IFN and/or RBV was 71.4%. No patient dropped out due to exacerbation of depression. The trend of platelet counts after the drugs were given was similar in the TVR/IFN‐β/RBV therapy group and the IFN‐β/RBV therapy group. Common resistance‐associated variants of TVR were identified in 4 of the 13 patients who did not achieve SVR.ConclusionThis study showed that an addition of TVR to IFN‐β/RBV therapy raised SVR in previously treated and untreated genotype 1 patients and previously treated genotype 2 patients with chronic hepatitis C and depression.
Preparation, characterisation and antioxidant activities of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) polysaccharides extracted by ultra‐high pressure
Authors: Gao Wenhong , Lin Pingzhou , Zeng Xin‐an , Brennan Margaret A. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryLitchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a fruit containing many nutrients. Based on a three level, three‐variable Box‐Behnken design, response surface methodology, was used to optimise the process of ultra‐high pressure (UHP) assisted extraction of litchi polysaccharides (LCP). The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: pressure 460 MPa, treatment time 17 min and liquid–solid ratio 15. The experimental yield for extracting LCP was 12.01% under the optimal conditions. The LCP had a high polysaccharide and low protein content. GC results showed that LCP was composed of rhamnose, fucose, mannose and galactose with the corresponding molar percentages of 7.89, 46.45, 9.71 and 19.63. Infrared analysis showed that LCP had a typical spectrum of an α‐configuration pyranose ring. Antioxidant activity analysis revealed that LCP possessed a strong reducing power and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and could protect against the damage of hydroxyl radicals. The investigations demonstrated that UHP could be a valuable way to separate polysaccharides from litchi pulp, and LCP may be potentially developed to an antioxidant for food industries.
ICSH recommendations for modified and alternate methods measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Authors: Kratz A. , Plebani M. , Peng M. , Lee Y.K. , McCafferty R. , Machin S.J. ,   the International Council for Standardization in Haematology (ICSH)
Published: May 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe gold standard for the determination of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is the Westergren method. Other methods to measure the ESR have become available. They range from modest modifications of the Westergren method to very different methodologies. The ICSH therefore established a Working Group to investigate these new approaches and compile recommendations for their validation and verification.MethodsA panel of six experts in laboratory hematology examined the peer‐reviewed literature and EQA surveys from over 6000 laboratories on four continents performing ESR testing. This information was used to create lists of ESR instrument manufacturers and their methods.ResultsOnly 28% of laboratories surveyed used the unmodified Westergren method, while 72% of sites used modified or alternate methods. Results obtained with the new instruments could differ from results obtained with the Westergren method by up to 142%. Different non‐Westergren methods showed differences from each other of up to 42%. The new methods were often significantly faster, safer, and less labor‐intensive. They reduced costs and often used standard EDTA tubes, eliminating the need for a dedicated ESR tube.ConclusionBased on the consensus of the Working Group, recommendations for manufacturers for the validation of new ESR methods were developed. In addition, a list of recommendations for laboratories that are moving to modified or alternate methods was compiled, addressing instrument performance verification and communications of results to clinical users.
Replacing warfarin with a novel oral anticoagulant: Risk of recurrent bleeding and stroke in patients with warfarin ineligible or failure in patients with atrial fibrillation (The ROAR study)
Authors: Turagam Mohit K. , Parikh Valay , Afzal Muhammad R. , Gopinathannair Rakesh , Lavu Madhav , Kanmanthareddy Arun , Pillarisetti Jayasree , Reddy Madhu , Atkins Donita , Bommana Sudharani , Jaeger Melissa , Jeffery Courtney , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Santangeli Pasquale , Cheng Jie , Di Biase Luigi , Narasimhan Calambur , Natale Andrea , Lakkireddy Dhanunjaya 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundA significant proportion of patients treated with warfarin for atrial fibrillation (AF) become warfarin ineligible (WI) due to major bleeding events (MBE) or systemic thromboembolism (STE). We report a large multicenter real‐world experience of the use of direct oral antagonists (DOACs) in these WI patients.MethodsWe report the outcomes of 263 WI patients treated with DOACs. The primary objective was to evaluate clinical outcomes of STE and MBE with DOACs. Secondary objective was to assess clinical predictors of repeat MBE and STE on DOACs.ResultsNote that 63% (166 of 263) patients had a repeat MBE on DOACs. Repeat MBE was significantly higher in patients with prior gastrointestinal bleeding (74.5% vs. 30%, P < 0.0001). Five percent (12 of 263) developed repeat STE. Higher mean CHA2DS2VASC (6.5 ± 1.7 vs. 3.3 ± 1.6 = 0.001) score was associated with repeat STE. About 34% (57 of 166) of patients had an intervention to manage repeat MBE. LAAO devices were successfully used in 67% (12 of 18) high‐risk patients who underwent major interventions to manage MBE.ConclusionIn WI patients rechallenged with DOACs, a significant proportion developed repeat MBE. LAAO devices seem reasonable in those patients who undergo major interventions to manage MBE with cautious and temporary continuation of DOAC.
Polymorphism of receptor‐type tyrosine‐protein phosphatase delta gene in the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Nakajima Shunsuke , Tanaka Hiroki , Sawada Koji , Hayashi Hidemi , Hasebe Takumu , Abe Masami , Hasebe Chitomi , Fujiya Mikihiro , Okumura Toshikatsu 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimSome single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with the development of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). As one of the genetic factors, PNPLA3 rs738409 (I148M) is important to associate with pathogenesis of NAFLD. Because other SNPs remain unclear in Japan, we performed a high‐throughput sequencing that targeted more than 1000 genes to identify a novel genetic variant in Japanese patients with NAFLD.MethodsThe present study in 36 NAFLD patients and 27 healthy volunteers was performed. A high‐throughput sequencer was used to detect the gene variations. Candidate genes were validated by TaqMan SNP genotyping assay in 53 NAFLD patients and 41 healthy volunteers. To investigate the function of candidate gene, we performed biochemical analyses in cultured hepatocytes and liver tissues.ResultsEXO1 rs1047840, PTPRD rs35929428, IFNAR2 rs2229207, CPOX rs1131857, IL23R rs1884444, IL10RA rs2228055, and FAM3B rs111988437 were identified as candidate genetic variants, and PTPRD rs35929428 was only extracted as a SNP predicting to cause protein dysfunction. In validation analysis, PTPRD rs35929428 associated with the development of NAFLD (P = 0.015, odds ratio = 5.00, 95% confidence interval: 1.33–18.70). In addition, PTPRD rs35929428 was associated with Fib‐4 index and with hepatic fat droplets. Biochemical analyses indicated that PTPRD rs35929428 promoted dephosphorylation of tyrosine 705 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Tyr 705) in hepatocytes.ConclusionPTPRD rs35929428 was a novel SNP in patients with NAFLD. Through exacerbation of the dephosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Tyr 705) in hepatocytes, PTPRD rs35929428 might play a role in hepatic lipid accumulation and fibrosis, followed by the development of NAFLD.
Peptic ulcer bleeding patients with Rockall scores ≥6 are at risk of long‐term ulcer rebleeding: A 3.5‐year prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Yang Er‐Hsiang , Cheng Hsiu‐Chi , Wu Chung‐Tai , Chen Wei‐Ying , Lin Meng‐Ying , Sheu Bor‐Shyang 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground and AimPatients with high Rockall scores have increased risk of rebleeding and mortality within 30 days after peptic ulcer bleeding, but long‐term outcomes deserve follow‐up after cessation of proton pump inhibitors. The paper aimed to validate whether patients with high Rockall scores have more recurrent ulcer bleeding in a 3.5‐year longitudinal cohort.MethodsBetween August 2011 and July 2014, 368 patients with peptic ulcer bleeding were prospectively enrolled after endoscopic hemostasis to receive proton pump inhibitors for at least 8 to 16 weeks. These subjects were categorized into either a Rockall scores ≥6 group (n = 257) or a Rockall scores <6 group (n = 111) and followed up until July of 2015 to assess recurrent ulcer bleeding.ResultsThe proportion of patients with rebleeding during the 3.5‐year follow‐up was higher in patients with Rockall scores ≥6 than in those with scores <6 (10.51 vs. 3.63 per 100 person‐year, P = 0.004, log–rank test). Among patients with Rockall scores ≥6, activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged ≥1.5‐fold (P = 0.045), American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status class ≥III (P = 0.02), and gastric ulcer (P = 0.04) were three additional independent factors found to increase rebleeding risk. The cumulative rebleeding rate was higher in patients with Rockall scores ≥6 with more than or equal to any two additional factors than in those with fewer than two additional factors (15.69 vs. 7.63 per 100 person‐year, P = 0.012, log–rank test).ConclusionsPatients with Rockall scores ≥6 are at risk of long‐term recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding. The risk can be independently increased by the presence of activated partial thromboplastin time prolonged ≥1.5‐fold, American Society of Anesthesiologists class ≥III, and gastric ulcer in patients with Rockall scores ≥6.
Elaborating Faith
Authors: Snarr C. Melissa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractEmerging from participant observation fieldwork in varied interfaith organizations, this essay argues that intentional interfaith engagement in the United States is a decidedly classed phenomenon that too rarely includes the presence and concerns of persons who are working poor. This dynamic is particularly problematic given religious entanglements with free‐market capitalism and the specific political economic vulnerability and religious diversity of recent immigrants and refugees. Interfaith organizing models, especially with their inclusion of labor unions, offer an important balance in the ecology of interfaith engagement and resistance to the civil religion of neoliberalism. Through these place‐based, consociational collaborations, labor organizations help faith communities historicize, conceptualize, and navigate complex economic dynamics while expanding labor's value‐frameworks, forms of organizing, and apprehension of worker's faith‐filled identities.
Holiness in the Making
Authors: van Erp Stephan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this essay, I will argue that a political theology of human work can provide the sacramental principle underlying the theology of labor. This principle could complement the foundations of Catholic social teaching, since the sacramental aspects of work have not been made very explicit in the ethical framework of the Church's theology of work. The view of labor as the active participation in God's future is an important aspect of such a theology. In order to serve as a foundation for faith‐based labor organizing, I will claim that it needs to be complemented by a sacramental view of labor as art, a labor‐aesthetic that undergirds a labor‐ethic, in which labor itself becomes a sign and instrument of the way the Church becomes God's work in the world. First, I will sketch an outline of some of the major positions on labor in modern Catholic theology. Then, I will draw on the writings of the British poet and painter David Jones to explore a sacramental view of human work, arguing that a sacramental view of work could support the Church's social criticism of laborer's circumstances.
The Refusal of Work in Christian Ethics and Theology
Authors: Posadas Jeremy 
Published: May 2017

AbstractReviewing major accounts in Christian ethics and theology concerning work reveals a set of assumptions that together form the field's current “common sense” regarding this central human activity: work is part of what it fundamentally means to be a human; there is an aspect of work that is intrinsically good, because it reflects God's work; and work that is degrading can be transformed into this intrinsic good. An emerging body of social thought, however, interrogates work from an anti‐work perspective, rejecting capitalism's demand that people be integrated as fully as possible into the profit‐generating modern‐day work structure. After exploring core tenets of the anti‐work perspective, this essay reconsiders the assumptions often made about work in Christian ethics and theology and delineates some contours of anti‐work Christian normative interpretations of work.
Two Rival Interpretations of Xunzi's Views on the Basis of Morality
Authors: Slater Michael R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis essay examines the textual evidence and arguments for two rival ways of interpreting Xunzi's accounts of the origins and normative bases of ritual and the Way: a human‐centered line of interpretation which maintains that the moral order constituted by the Confucian Way and its ritual tradition was the artificial creation of a group of ancient sages, and a Heaven‐centered line of interpretation which maintains, in contrast, that those same sages based the Confucian Way and its ritual tradition on a cosmic moral order that they discovered already existing in the world. It argues that the weight of textual evidence best supports a version of the former view, and shows that three representative versions of the latter view do not withstand critical scrutiny.
Workforce diversity in dentistry – current status and future challenges
Authors: Garcia Raul I. , Blue Spruce George , Sinkford Jeanne C. , Lopez Michael J. , Sullivan Louis W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe racial and ethnic diversity of the US oral health care workforce remains insufficient to meet the needs of an increasingly diverse population and to address persistent health disparities. The findings from a recent national survey of underrepresented minority dentists are reviewed and recommendations are made for enhancing diversity in the dental profession.
Nitrous oxide for procedural analgesia at home in a child with epidermolysis bullosa
Authors: Ingelmo Pablo , Wei Andrew , Rivera Gonzalo 
Published: May 2017

SummaryEpidermolysis bullosa comprises a range of conditions characterized by fragile skin with painful blistering induced by minor trauma and friction. The Dowling‐Meara variant is a severe form characterized by disseminated painful blistering requiring lifelong skin and wound care. The natural history of the disease is characterized by a chronic course that tends to improve with advancing age. Various multimodal analgesic strategies have been proposed for painful procedures in children with epidermolysis bullosa. In this case report, we describe the use of nitrous oxide for pain control at home of blister treatments in a 4‐year‐old child with the Dowling‐Meara variant.
Surviving moment to moment: The experience of living in a state of ambivalence for those with recurrent suicide attempts
Authors: Bergmans Yvonne , Gordon Evelyn , Eynan Rahel 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThis qualitative study aimed to capture the experience of living in the ambivalent space between life and death for adults with recurrent suicide attempts (RSA). It sought to expand upon an earlier study that explored the processes involved in transitioning away from RSA among adults, which revealed that occupying this ambivalent space is a crucial part of this process.DesignInterpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used. This methodology was designed to explore the lived experiences and meaning making and enabled interpretation of the multidimensional subjective experiences of RSA participants.MethodsIn‐depth semi‐structured interviews were conducted with eight adult women with a history of RSA who had participated in a therapeutic intervention at the research site (Skills for Safer Living: A Psychosocial/Psychoeducational Intervention for People with Recurrent Suicide Attempts [SfSL/PISA]). The six stages of IPA were followed to analyse the interview data.ResultsAnalysis revealed the superordinate theme, ‘surviving moment to moment’, which refers to a precarious state of making decisions about one's life and destiny on a moment‐to‐moment basis without clear commitment to either life or death. Two subordinate themes were identified: ‘deciding not to die in the moment’ when the participants were more invested in dying than living and ‘deciding to live in the moment’ when they were more invested in living than dying.ConclusionThe study illuminated the complex process of making decisions about ones’ destiny on a moment‐to‐moment basis. It revealed the torment experienced when occupying this state, while paradoxically, also revealing how indecision about life and death provided a lifeline opportunity for those with RSA. Clinicians who recognize the subtle distinctions associated with this in‐between state can tailor their interventions accordingly.Practitioner points

Surviving moment to moment is characterized by a state of emotional flux and uncertainty about one's destiny, where the person has not fully committed to either life or death.

Within this state, there are two interlinked subprocesses, whereby the person is leaning more towards death or life.

A critical feature in working with this client group is to recognize their ambiguity and the fragility and temporality of their decisions about their destiny.

The practitioner has an opportunity to be a catalyst in the momentum towards life by demonstrating understanding of this survival struggle and tailoring intervention to fit with the nuanced processes within this state.