bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Glaucoma Diagnostic Capability of Global and Regional Measurements of Isolated Ganglion Cell Layer and Inner Plexiform Layer
Authors: Chien Jason L. , Ghassibi Mark P. , Patthanathamrongkasem Thipnapa , Abumasmah Ramiz , Rosman Michael S. , Skaat Alon , Tello Celso , Liebmann Jeffrey M. , Ritch Robert , Park Sung Chul 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To compare glaucoma diagnostic capability of global/regional macular layer parameters in different-sized grids.

Materials and Methods:
Serial horizontal spectral-domain optical coherence tomography scans of macula were obtained. Automated macular grids with diameters of 3, 3.45, and 6 mm were used. For each grid, 10 parameters (total volume; average thicknesses in 9 regions) were obtained for 5 layers: macular retinal nerve fiber layer (mRNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL), inner plexiform layer (IPL), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL; GCL+IPL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC; mRNFL+GCL+IPL).

Results:
Sixty-nine normal eyes (69 subjects) and 87 glaucomatous eyes (87 patients) were included. For the total volume parameter, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) in 6-mm grid were larger than the AUCs in 3- and 3.45-mm grids for GCL, GCC, GCIPL, and mRNFL (all P<0.020). For the average thickness parameters, the best AUC in 6-mm grid (T2 region for GCL, IPL, and GCIPL; I2 region for mRNFL and GCC) was greater than the best AUC in 3-mm grid for GCL, GCC, and mRNFL (P<0.045). The AUC of GCL volume (0.920) was similar to those of GCC (0.920) and GCIPL (0.909) volume. The AUC of GCL T2 region thickness (0.942) was similar to those of GCC I2 region (0.942) and GCIPL T2 region (0.934) thickness.

Conclusions:
Isolated macular GCL appears to be as good as GCC and GCIPL in glaucoma diagnosis, while IPL does not. Larger macular grids may be better at detecting glaucoma. Each layer has a characteristic region with the best glaucoma diagnostic capability.
Vision-related Quality of Life in Korean Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Sung Kyung Rim , Chun Yeoun Sook , Park Chan Kee , Kim Hwang Ki , Yoo Chungkwon , Kim Yong Yeon , Park Ki Ho , Kim Chan Yun , Choi Kyu-Ryong , Lee Kyoo Won , Han Seungbong , Kim Chang-sik 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate vision-related quality of life in Korean glaucoma patients and to explore the associated factors.

Methods:
A total of 907 glaucoma patients were recruited from the prospectively designed LIGHT (Life quality of the glaucoma patient who underwent treatment) study organized by the Korean Glaucoma Society. Basic questionnaire that included items related to socioeconomic status, comorbidity, and lifestyle, and the validated Korean version of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI VFQ-25) were collected. The Rasch score, a logit-based interval scale estimate to summarizing the NEI VFQ-25 responses, was calculated. The univariate and multivariable regression models were used to evaluate associations between the Rasch score and variables.

Results:
The mean patient age was 58.1±14.1 years, visual field mean deviation (VF MD) of the better and worse eyes was −4.92±6.14 and −9.77±8.31 dB, binocular-integrated VF (IVF) MD was −3.55±5.31 dB, respectively. The lower NEI VFQ-25 Rasch score showed a significant association with the presence of other ocular diseases (P=0.020), a high school level of education or less [vs. university (P=0.006), vs. graduate school or higher (P=0.019)], an anxious personality [vs. a moderate personality (P<0.001), vs. a relaxed personality (P<0.001)], the number of glaucoma medications in use (P=0.049), worse eye visual acuity (P<0.001), and IVF MD (P<0.001).

Conclusions:
Visual function parameters are important for the vision-related quality of life of Korean glaucoma patients, notably for worse eye visual acuity and IVF MD. However, social factors, self-assessed personality, and treatment-related issues are also substantial predictors of overall life quality.
Applying “Lasso” Regression to Predict Future Glaucomatous Visual Field Progression in the Central 10 Degrees
Authors: Fujino Yuri , Murata Hiroshi , Mayama Chihiro , Matsuo Hiroshi , Asaoka Ryo 
Published: November 2016

Purpose of the Study:We recently reported that it is beneficial to apply least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression to predict future 24-2 visual field (VF) progression. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the usefulness of Lasso regression to predict VF progression in the central 10 degrees (10-2) in glaucoma patients.Methods:Series of 10 VFs (Humphrey Field Analyzer 10-2 SITA-standard) from each of 149 eyes in 110 open angle glaucoma patients, obtained over 5.7±1.4 years (mean±SD) were investigated. Mean deviation values of the 10th VF were predicted using varying numbers of VFs (ranging from the first to third VFs to the first to ninth VFs), applying ordinary least square regression (OLSLR) and Lasso regression. Absolute prediction errors were then compared.Results:With OLSLR, prediction error varied between 5.4±5.0 (using first to third VFs) and 1.1±1.6 dB (using first to ninth VFs). Significantly smaller prediction errors were obtained with Lasso regression, in particular with small numbers of VFs (from 2.1±2.8: first to third VFs, to 1.0±1.6 dB: first to ninth VFs). A large λ value, which is an index showing the degree of penalty in Lasso regression, was observed when a small number of VFs were used for prediction.Conclusion:Mean deviation prediction using OLSLR with a small number of VFs resulted in large prediction errors. It was useful to apply Lasso regression when predicting future progression of the central 10 degrees, compared to OLSLR.
Comparison of Anterior Chamber Parameters in Patients With Plateau Iris Configuration and Pupillary Block Using ASOCT
Authors: Moghimi Sasan , Kiaroudi Mohammadyaser , Coh Paul , Li Yingjie , He Mingguang , Lin Shan C. 
Published: November 2016

Purpose:
To quantitatively analyze the anterior chamber parameters in patients with pupillary block (PB) and plateau iris configuration (PIC) using anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT).

Patients and Methods:
In this cross-sectional study, nonglaucomatous subjects consecutively recruited and a total of 212 eyes divided into 3 groups of PIC (31 eyes), PB (60 eyes), and open angles (121 eyes) based on gonioscopic and ultrasound biomicroscopy findings. All patients underwent ASOCT imaging and A-scan biometry of both eyes. Anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior chamber area (ACA), iris thickness (IT), iris curvature, lens vault (LV), anterior vault, and angle parameters including angle opening distance, and trabecular iris space area were measured in qualified images using the Zhongshan Angle Assessment Program, and compared using linear mixed model. The data from 1 eye of each subject were used for final analysis.

Results:
Mean age was 64.5±12.1, 64.8±10.5, and 62.3±9.2 years for PB, PIC, and open angle eyes, respectively (P=0.26). There was no significant difference in angle parameters (angle opening distance and trabecular iris space area at 250, 500, and 750 µm from sclera spur), anterior segment parameters (ACD and ACA), iris area, iris curvature, and LV between PB and PIC groups. PIC eyes had greater IT at 750 µm from sclera spur than the PB group (P=0.05). Normal eyes had greater ACD, ACA, and anterior chamber width, and angle parameters and lesser LV and iris curvature than the other 2 groups.

Conclusions:
ASOCT parameters are not significantly different between PB and PIC eyes. PIC eyes may have greater IT at its base.
Comparing the Contributions of Acute and Postacute Care Facility Characteristics to Outcomes After Hospitalization for Hip Fracture
Authors: Neuman Mark D. , Silber Jeffrey H. , Passarella Molly R. , Werner Rachel M. 
Published: November 2016

Objective:
To quantify the contribution of acute versus postacute care factors to survival and functional outcomes after hip fracture.

Design, Setting, and Participants:
Retrospective cohort study using Medicare data; subjects included previously ambulatory nursing home residents hospitalized for hip fracture between 2005 and 2009.

Methods:
We used logistic regression to measure the associations of hospital and nursing home factors with functional and survival outcomes at 30 and 180 days among patients discharged to a nursing facility; we quantified the contribution of hospital versus nursing home factors to outcomes by the ω statistic.

Results:
Among 45,996 hospitalized patients, 1814 (3.9%) died during hospitalization. A total of 42,781 (93%) were discharged alive to a nursing home. Of these, 12,126 (28%) died within 180 days and 20,479 (48%) died or were newly unable to walk within 180 days. Hospital characteristics were not consistently associated with outcomes. Multiple nursing home characteristics predicted 30- and 180-day outcomes, including bed count, chain membership, and performance on selected quality measures. Nursing home factors explained 3 times more variation in the odds of 30-day mortality than did hospital factors [ω, hospital vs. nursing home: 0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.11, 0.96], 7 times more variation in the odds of 180-day mortality (ω: 0.15; 95% CI, 0.04, 0.61), and 8 times more variation in the odds of 180-day death or new dependence in locomotion (ω: 0.12; 95% CI, 0.05, 0.31).

Conclusions:
Nursing home factors explain a larger proportion of the variation in clinical outcomes following hip fracture than do hospital factors.
Verbal Communication During Airway Management and Emergent Endotracheal Intubation: Observations of Team Behavior Among Multi-institutional Pediatric Intensive Care Unit In Situ Simulations
Authors: Rozenfeld Ranna A. , Nannicelli Anna P. , Brown Alexandra R. , Eppich Walter J. , Woods Donna M. , Lestrud Steven O. , Noah Zehava L. , Holl Jane L. 
Published: November 2016

Objective
To assess health-care teams’ verbal communication, an observable teamwork behavior, during simulations involving pediatric emergency airway management and intubation.

Methods
We conducted video-recorded, risk-informed in situ simulations at 5 hospitals with pediatric intensive care units in the Chicago, Illinois, area. Clinicians participated in their clinical roles (eg, attending physician, bedside nurse) and had access to hospital operational systems (eg, electronic health record, medical imaging, laboratory services). Video-recordings were transcribed; 3 pediatric critical care physicians analyzed the transcripts to assess preintubation communication: (a) the declaration of an airway emergency, (b) intubation medication request(s), and (c) preintubation medication administration.

Results
Ten pediatric intensive care unit simulations were analyzed. Statements to notify the care team of an airway emergency varied widely. In 3 simulations, a dosage for every medication was verbalized in the physician’s initial medication request; however, in 4 simulations, a nurse was the first to verbalize the medication dosage(s) before administration. In 6 of the simulations where preintubation medications were administered, multiple requests for medications were verbalized. A clinician verbally confirmed that each medication was administered in only 2 of the simulations.

Conclusions
No uniform statement was identified to declare an airway emergency among the care teams. Preintubation medication dosages were not consistently included in intubation medication orders, and frequently, there were multiple requests to obtain medications. Using standardized language to declare an airway emergency and verbally communicating medication requests and dosages and confirming administration may improve the quality of care in this critical event.
A Patient Reported Approach to Identify Medical Errors and Improve Patient Safety in the Emergency Department
Authors: Glickman Seth W. , Mehrotra Abhi , Shea Christopher M. , Mayer Celeste , Strickler Jeffrey , Pabers Sandra , Larson James , Goldstein Brian , Mandelkehr Larry , Cairns Charles B. , Pines Jesse M. , Schulman Kevin A. 
Published: November 2016

Objective
Medical errors in the emergency department (ED) occur frequently. Yet, common adverse event detection methods, such as voluntary reporting, miss 90% of adverse events. Our objective was to demonstrate the use of patient-reported data in the ED to assess patient safety, including medical errors.

Methods
Analysis of patient-reported survey data collected over a 1-year period in a large, academic emergency department. All patients who provided a valid e-mail or cell phone number received a brief electronic survey within 24 hours of their ED encounter by e-mail or text message with Web link. Patients were asked about ED safety-related processes.

Results
From Aug 2012 to July 2013, we sent 52,693 surveys and received 7103 responses (e-mail response rate 25.8%), including 2836 free-text comments (44% of respondents). Approximately 242 (8.5%) of 2836 comments were classified as potential safety issues, including 12 adverse events, 40 near-misses, 23 errors with minimal risk of harm, and 167 general safety issues (eg, gaps in care transitions). Of the 40 near misses, 35 (75.0%) of 40 were preventable. Of the 52 adverse events or near misses, 5 (9.6%) were also identified via an existing patient occurrence reporting system.

Conclusions
A patient-reported approach to assess ED-patient safety yields important, complementary, and potentially actionable safety information.
Compelled Disclosure of Confidential Information in Patient Safety Research
Authors: Du Li , Murdoch Blake , Chiu Carina , Caulfield Timothy 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
The protection of confidential research data is of key importance to clinical patient safety research. A review of selected Canadian and American case law indicates that although the relationship between researcher and participant has not been recognized as privileged, court-ordered disclosure of confidential research information seems to be a rare occurrence. In this review, we examine how confidentiality issues are presented in informed consent form templates and in relevant research ethics policies. We find an agreement among research policy documents that all information gathered should be treated as confidential, unless otherwise required by law. Confidentiality provisions in informed consent forms reflect the reality that in some cases, the law can compel disclosure of confidential data. There is, therefore, a potential tension between the law and existing research ethics policy. It has been suggested that researchers have an ethical and possibly legal duty to actively resist disclosure requests. We conclude that it is reasonable for researchers to disclose, as part of the informed consent process, how rare successful disclosure demands are and that steps will be taken to oppose such demands.
Effect of Implementing a Standardized Shoulder Dystocia Documentation Form on Quality of Delivery Notes
Authors: Zuckerwise Lisa C. , Hustedt Madison M. , Lipkind Heather S. , Funai Edmund F. , Raab Cheryl A. , Pettker Christian M. 
Published: November 2016

Objectives
Complete and accurate documentation by the delivering provider in cases of shoulder dystocia is critical for providing clinical information and care to the patient and protecting providers from litigation risks. Standardized forms improve inclusion of certain data elements in the medical record, but the impact on subsequent narrative notes is unknown. We aimed to determine if implementation of a standardized shoulder dystocia documentation form improves obstetric provider written narrative delivery notes.

Methods
In February 2005, our institution introduced a mandatory, standardized shoulder dystocia form containing 29 discrete data points relevant to shoulder dystocia documentation. We identified all deliveries complicated by shoulder dystocia from 1 year before and 4 years after implementation of this form and analyzed medical records for inclusion of delivery information in both the required form and the narrative delivery notes.

Results
We identified 52 cases before and 100 cases after implementation of the standardized form. Inclusion of elements from the form in narrative delivery notes increased significantly after implementation (P = 0.01). Elements present at higher rates included prepregnancy maternal weight (13% before vs 28% after, P = 0.043), total maternal weight gain (19% vs 36%, P = 0.03), estimated fetal weight (60% vs 77%, P = 0.03), duration of active labor (40% vs 65%, P < 0.01), duration of second stage (27% vs 52%, P < 0.01), and time of delivery from head to body (4% vs 30%, P < 0.01).

Conclusions
Use of a mandatory shoulder dystocia documentation form is associated with significant improvement in the comprehensiveness of delivering provider narrative notes and may encourage more complete and accurate charting. Such improvements can allow for more complete and accurate explanation of events to patients and better demonstrate adherence to standards of care in the management of shoulder dystocia and may improve litigation defensibility.
Synthesis and characterization of azo-guanidine based alcoholic media naked eye DNA sensor
Authors: Altaf Ataf Ali , Hashmat Uzma , Yousaf Muhammad , Lal Bhajan , Ullah Shafiq , Holder Alvin A. , Badshah Amin 
Published: November 2016

DNA sensing always has an open meadow of curiosity for biotechnologists and other researchers. Recently, in this field, we have introduced an emerging class of molecules containing azo and guanidine functionalities. In this study, we have synthesized three new compounds (
UA1
,
UA6
and
UA7
) for potential application in DNA sensing in alcoholic medium. The synthesized materials were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR, UV-visible,
1
H NMR and
13
C NMR spectroscopies. Their DNA sensing potential were investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy. The insight of interaction with DNA was further investigated by electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry) and hydrodynamic (viscosity) studies. The results showed that compounds have moderate DNA binding properties, with the binding constants range being 7.2 × 10
3
, 2.4 × 10
3
and 0.2 × 10
3
M
−1
, for
UA1
,
UA6
and
UA7
, respectively. Upon binding with DNA, there was a change in colour (a blue shift in the
λ
max
value) which was observable with a naked eye. These results indicated the potential of synthesized compounds as DNA sensors with detection limit 1.8, 5.8 and 4.0 ng µl
−1
for
UA1
,
UA6
and
UA7
, respectively.
Parasite-microbiota interactions potentially affect intestinal communities in wild mammals
Authors: Aivelo Tuomas , Norberg Anna 
Published: November 2016

SummaryDetecting interaction between species is notoriously difficult, and disentangling species associations in host-related gut communities is especially challenging. Nevertheless, due to contemporary methods, including metabarcoding and 16S sequencing, collecting observational data on community composition has become easier and much more common. We studied the previously collected data sets of intestinal microbiota and parasite compositions within longitudinally followed mouse lemurs by analysing the potential interactions with diversity metrics and novel joint species distribution modelling. Both methods showed consistent statistical association between certain parasite species and microbiotal composition. Both unicellularEimeriasp. and cestodeHymenolepis diminutahad an effect on diversity of gut microbiota. These parasite species also had negative associations with several bacterial orders. In comparison, closely related speciesH. nanadid not have an effect on diversity, and it had positive associations with several bacterial orders. Our results reveal potential interactions between some, but not all, intestinal parasites and gut microbiota. While environmental variables explained almost half of the total variation, of which almost half could be explained by traits of parasites and microbiota, there were no clear patterns regarding mouse lemur individual variables explaining variation in the occurrence patterns of parasite and microbiota significantly. Our results provide new hypothesis for interactions between and among parasites and microbiota to be tested further with experimental studies.
Pre-Hospital Midazolam for Treatment of Status Epilepticus Before and After the Rapid Anticonvulsant Medication Prior to Arrival Trial: A National Observational Cohort Study
Authors: Shtull-Leber Eytan , Silbergleit Robert , Meurer William J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBackgroundImplementation of evidence-based treatment for pre-hospital status epilepticus can improve outcomes. We hypothesized that publication of a pivotal pre-hospital clinical trial (RAMPART), demonstrating superiority of intramuscular midazolam over intravenous lorazepam, altered the national utilization rates of midazolam for pre-hospital treatment of status epilepticus, while upholding its safety and efficacy outside the trial setting.Methods and FindingsThis is a retrospective, observational cohort study of pre-hospital patient encounters throughout the United States in the National Emergency Medicine Services Information System database, from January 2010 through December 2014. We compared the rates and odds of midazolam use as the first-line treatment for status epilepticus among all adult and pediatric benzodiazepine-treated seizures before and after RAMPART publication (February 2012). Secondary analyses were conducted for rates of airway interventions and rescue therapy, as proxies for safety and efficacy of seizure termination. 156,539 benzodiazepine-treated seizures were identified. Midazolam use increased from 26.1% in January 2010 to 61.7% in December 2014 (difference +35.6%, 95% CI, 32.7%-38.4%). The annual rate of midazolam adoption increased significantly from 5.9% per year to 8.9% per year after the publication of RAMPART (difference +3.0% per year; 95%CI, 1.6%-4.5% per year; adjusted OR 1.24; 95%CI, 1.17-1.32). Overall frequency of rescue therapy and airway interventions changed little after the publication of RAMPART.ConclusionsThese data are consistent with effective, ongoing, but incomplete clinical translation of the RAMPART results. The effects of the trial, however, cannot be isolated. The safety and effectiveness of midazolam for treatment of seizures in prehospital clinical practice appear consistent with trial data, which should encourage continuing increases in utilization.