bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does ingredient advertising work? Some evidence on its impact
Authors: Giakoumaki Christina , Avlonitis George J. , Baltas George 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of ingredient advertising. Specifically, the authors consider the question as to whether ingredient advertising can increase derived demand and favorably influence purchase intentions and attitudes toward the host product that incorporates the advertised B2B ingredient.Design/methodology/approachThey conduct experiments in two host product categories using a three-group, between-subjects experimental design.FindingsThe findings of the study are revealing about the impact of ingredient advertising on the demand for host products, in which the advertised ingredients are incorporated. It is demonstrated that consumer advertising positively affects the attitude and purchase intention toward the host brand that incorporates the advertised industrial product. It is also found that the higher the importance of the advertised ingredient as an attribute of the host product, the greater the advertising effects on the consumer brand.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that ingredient advertising can help marketers to stimulate derived demand in the sense that it makes consumer brands incorporating the advertised industrial product more attractive to consumers. The positive influence of ingredient advertisements is greater for industrial products that are perceived by consumers as very important ingredients of the final product as consumers are more prone to search for and process ingredient-related information and are also more likely to respond to it.Originality/valueDespite the implementation of ingredient advertising campaigns by many B2B brands and the vast literature on conventional B2C advertising, there has been no previous attempt to investigate this issue in the empirical literature. This empirical study shows how ingredient advertising works and how it can benefit both buyers and suppliers of the advertised B2B products.
Working with adolescents who display sexually harmful behaviour
Authors: Russell Helena , Harvey Joel 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to explore the psychosocial experience of staff in a UK youth offending team (YOT) who work with adolescents displaying sexually harmful behaviour (SHB).

Design/methodology/approach
Eight participants were questioned by means of a semi-structured interview schedule about their experiences of working with adolescents displaying SHB. Subsequent data were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis.

Findings
Three superordinate themes were identified: client-focused; challenges within the role; and looking after the self. Staff appreciate the factors contributing to SHB and they experience challenges within their role, but are also aware of the importance of maintaining their own well-being. They demonstrate positive attitudes towards young people displaying SHB, whilst contending with the challenge of misconceptions within society. When addressing the self, YOT practitioners are able to adopt both individual and group methods of coping with the nature of the work.

Research limitations/implications
The participant group could have included a wider range of disciplines as the YOT is a multi-agency service. A further study exploring staff from different professional backgrounds would be of value.

Practical implications
The findings will be valuable for both practitioners and policy makers working in the field of youth justice as they offer a unique insight into the role of youth justice staff and the complexities within their role when working with a group of young people often vulnerable to poor outcomes. It is important for practitioners and managers to be able to reflect on the challenges in the role in order for clinical supervision to be emphasised when working with this client group.

Originality/value
To the authors’ knowledge this is the first study to provide an in-depth exploration of the experience of UK YOT officers working with adolescents who have displayed SHB.
Exploitative learning and entrepreneurial opportunity recognition of a family business in Hong Kong during and after the Second World War
Authors: Cheung Cherry Wun Mei 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThis study aims to examine the role of exploitative learning in entrepreneurial opportunity recognition at the time of war and peace.Design/methodology/approachThe paper utilises some unique longitudinal oral history narratives collected from informants from a family business.FindingsAt the time of war and conflict, risk and physical immobility restricted exploitation within a narrowly confined geographical and knowledge contexts.Research limitations/implicationsThe author’s case illustrates that success under such condition is largely determined by whether one can efficiently exploit one’s existing capabilities under contextual and circumstantial constraints and to reconfigure one’s capabilities utilising local knowledge and resources. When peace returns, the findings indicate that whilst there is no obvious external barrier for radical exploration, exploitation success during war and conflict may result in competency trap, undermining an organisation’s transformation after war and conflict.Originality/valueThis is the first paper examining exploration and exploitation learning at the time of war and conflict.
Echo or organic: framing the 2014 Sochi Games
Authors: Frederick Evan , Pegoraro Ann , Burch Lauren 
Published: September 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to perform a comparative analysis of how traditional media and social media framed the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympic Games.

Design/methodology/approach
The researchers examined newspaper articles pertaining to the Sochi Olympics and Tweets containing #SochiProblems to determine if differences or overlap existed in terms of themes and frames. A thematic analysis was conducted with the qualitative software Leximancer.

Findings
An analysis of 2,856 newspaper articles and 497,743 Tweets revealed three frames across the two media platforms including: the setting, the politics, and the games. There was both a divergence and convergence of content. While there was an echo chamber in terms of discussions regarding political controversies, organic content related to conditions and accommodations existed primarily on Twitter.

Originality/value
This study sought to investigate whether organic content on Twitter could withstand the transference of sentiments that emerge in traditional media. This study adds to the current body of the literature by examining whether there is a convergence or divergence of content across media platforms pertaining to an international sporting event.
Surface‐wave inversion for a P‐velocity profile with a constant depth gradient of the squared slowness
Authors: Ponomarenko A.V. , Kashtan B.M. , Troyan V.N. , Mulder W.A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTSurface waves are often used to estimate a near‐surface shear‐velocity profile. The inverse problem is solved for the locally one‐dimensional problem of a set of homogeneous horizontal elastic layers. The result is a set of shear velocities, one for each layer. To obtain a P‐wave velocity profile, the P‐guided waves should be included in the inversion scheme. As an alternative to a multi‐layered model, we consider a simple smooth acoustic constant‐density velocity model, which has a negative constant vertical depth gradient of the squared P‐wave slowness and is bounded by a free surface at the top and a homogeneous half‐space at the bottom. The exact solution involves Airy functions and provides an analytical expression for the dispersion equation. If the ratio is sufficiently small, the dispersion curves can be picked from the seismic data and inverted for the continuous P‐wave velocity profile. The potential advantages of our model are its low computational cost and the fact that the result can serve as a smooth starting model for full‐waveform inversion. For the latter, a smooth initial model is often preferred over a rough one. We test the inversion approach on synthetic elastic data computed for a single‐layer P‐wave model and on field data, both with a small ratio. We find that a single‐layer model can recover either the shallow or deeper part of the profile but not both, when compared with the result of a multi‐layer inversion that we use as a reference. An extension of our analytic model to two layers above a homogeneous half‐space, each with a constant vertical gradient of the squared P‐wave slowness and connected in a continuous manner, improves the fit of the picked dispersion curves. The resulting profile resembles a smooth approximation of the multi‐layered one but contains, of course, less detail. As it turns out, our method does not degrade as gracefully as, for instance, diving‐wave tomography, and we can only hope to fit a subset of the dispersion curves. Therefore, the applicability of the method is limited to cases where the ratio is small and the profile is sufficiently simple. A further extension of the two‐layer model to more layers, each with a constant depth gradient of the squared slowness, might improve the fit of the modal structure but at an increased cost.
Noise transfer in variable‐depth streamer deghosting
Authors: Ferber Ralf , van Manen Dirk‐Jan 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTSingle‐component towed‐streamer marine data acquisition records the pressure variations of the upgoing compressional waves followed by the polarity‐reversed pressure variations of downgoing waves, creating sea‐surface ghost events in the data. The sea‐surface ghost for constant‐depth towed‐streamer marine data acquisition is usually characterised by a ghost operator acting on the upgoing waves, which can be formulated as a filtering process in the frequency–wavenumber domain. The deghosting operation, usually via the application of the inverse Wiener filter related to the ghost operator, acts on the signal as well as the noise. The noise power transfer into the deghosted data is proportional to the power spectrum of the inverse Wiener filter and is amplifying the noise strongly at the notch wavenumbers and frequencies of the ghost operator. For variable‐depth streamer acquisition, the sea‐surface ghost cannot be described any longer as a wavenumber–frequency operator but as a linear relationship between the wavenumber–frequency representation of the upgoing waves at the sea surface and the data in the space–frequency domain. In this article, we investigate how the application of the inverse process acts on noise. It turns out that the noise magnification is less severe with variable‐depth streamer data, as opposed to constant depth, and is inversely proportional to the local slant of the streamer. We support this statement via application of the deghosting process to real and numerical random noise. We also propose a more general concept of a wavenumber–frequency ghost power transfer function, applicable for variable‐depth streamer acquisition, and demonstrate that the inverse of the proposed variable‐depth ghost power transfer function can be used to approximately quantify the action of the variable‐depth streamer deghosting process on noise.
The Earliest Norman Sheriffs
Authors: SHARPE RICHARD 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBefore the Norman Conquest the Latin word used for sheriff is usually praepositus, and after the Conquest it is uicecomes. The article focuses on two Latin diplomas from the beginning of William I's reign in which minister is used for sheriff, a word which was otherwise in transition from signifying thegn before the Conquest to reeve or bailiff after. This crossover in the words used in royal charters reflects Norman thought as to the character of the shrieval office, at first seeing it as a service role but quickly reframing it as an officer substituting for the earl. The men described as minister in these documents are the earliest recorded Norman sheriffs, and the documents provide an insight into the rapid replacement of English sheriffs by Normans.
Development and Comparison of Multiple Regression Models to Predict Bankfull Channel Dimensions for Use in Hydrologic Models
Authors: Bieger Katrin , Rathjens Hendrik , Arnold Jeffrey G. , Chaubey Indrajeet , Allen Peter M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChannel dimensions are important input variables for many hydrologic models. As measurements of channel geometry are not available in most watersheds, they are often predicted using bankfull hydraulic geometry relationships. This study aims at improving existing equations that relate bankfull width, depth, and cross‐sectional area to drainage area (DA) without limiting their use to well‐gauged watersheds. We included seven additional variables in the equations that can be derived from data that are generally required by hydrologic models anyway and conducted several multiple regression analyses to identify the ideal combination of additional variables for nationwide and regional models for each Physiographic Division of the United States (U.S.). Results indicate that including the additional variables in the regression equations generally improves predictions considerably. The selection of relevant variables varies by Physiographic Division, but average annual precipitation (PCP) and temperature (TMP) were generally found to improve the models the most. Therefore, we recommend using regression equations with three independent variables (DA, PCP, and TMP) to predict bankfull channel dimensions for hydrologic models. Furthermore, we recommend using the regional equations for watersheds within regions from which data were used for model development, whereas in all other parts of the U.S. and the rest of the world, the nationwide equations should be given preference.
Audit report lag: the role of auditor type and increased competition in the audit market
Authors: MohammadRezaei Fakhroddin , Mohd‐Saleh Norman 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of auditor type (private vs. state) and increased competition in an audit market on audit report lag (ARL). This is the first study to provide evidence regarding the effect of audit market competition on ARL. Utilising structure–conduct–performance theory, we predict that competition pressures private auditors to be more efficient and to have less reporting lag than state auditors. We also predict that competition among auditors after a liberalisation period forces auditors to be more efficient and to record less ARL than before. We use a unique data set in Iran, whereby the audit market liberalisation (an audit market where services were previously provided primarily by a state entity) has resulted in both state and private auditors simultaneously providing audit services. The findings are consistent with the following hypothesis, that is ARL is shorter for private auditors than it is for state auditors, and ARL decreases as competition increases in the Iranian audit market. Consistent with the structure–conduct–performance theory, the findings suggest that increased competition in the audit market results in higher efficiency, as reflected by a shorter ARL.
Improvement in verbal memory performance in depressed in‐patients after treatment with electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Biedermann S. V. , Bumb J. M. , Demirakca T. , Ende G. , Sartorius A. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveElectroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly effective and well‐tolerated therapy for severe and treatment‐resistant depression. Cognitive side‐effects are still feared by some patients and clinicians. Importantly, cognitive impairments are among the most disabling symptoms of depression itself.MethodsPatients suffering from a severe episode of depression were treated with either ECT or treatment as usual (TAU) in an in‐patient setting. Matched healthy participants served as controls (HC). Verbal memory was tested with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) before the specific treatment started (ECT = 15, TAU = 16, HC = 31) and 2 months after the last ECT session or 2 months after discharge respectively.ResultsBefore the specific treatment started, depressed patients performed substantially worse compared with HC in total, short‐ and long‐delay recall in the CVLT, while the ECT group showed the worst performance. More severely depressed patients showed worse performances in these measures. Intriguingly, verbal memory showed a significant improvement in ECT‐treated patients, but not in the other groups. No differences between the groups were found at follow‐up.ConclusionContrary to the widely feared assumption that ECT has long‐term impact on memory functions, we found evidence that ECT is superior to TAU in improving verbal memory in depressed patients.
A hypo‐status in drug‐dependent brain revealed by multi‐modal MRI
Authors: Wang Ze , Suh Jesse , Duan Dingna , Darnley Stefanie , Jing Ying , Zhang Jian , O'Brien Charles , Childress Anna Rose 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDrug addiction is a chronic brain disorder with no proven effective cure. Assessing both structural and functional brain alterations by using multi‐modal, rather than purely unimodal imaging techniques, may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the brain mechanisms underlying addiction, which in turn may facilitate future treatment strategies. However, this type of research remains scarce in the literature. We acquired multi‐modal magnetic resonance imaging from 20 cocaine‐addicted individuals and 19 age‐matched controls. Compared with controls, cocaine addicts showed a multi‐modal hypo‐status with (1) decreased brain tissue volume in the medial and lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC); (2) hypo‐perfusion in the prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, insula, right temporal cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and (3) reduced irregularity of resting state activity in the OFC and limbic areas, as well as the cingulate, visual and parietal cortices. In the cocaine‐addicted brain, larger tissue volume in the medial OFC, anterior cingulate cortex and ventral striatum and smaller insular tissue volume were associated with higher cocaine dependence levels. Decreased perfusion in the amygdala and insula was also correlated with higher cocaine dependence levels. Tissue volume, perfusion, and brain entropy in the insula and prefrontal cortex, all showed a trend of negative correlation with drug craving scores. The three modalities showed voxel‐wise correlation in various brain regions, and combining them improved patient versus control brain classification accuracy. These results, for the first time, demonstrate a comprehensive cocaine‐dependence and craving‐related hypo‐status regarding the tissue volume, perfusion and resting brain irregularity in the cocaine‐addicted brain.
The effect of liquor licensing restrictions on assault: a quasi‐experimental study in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Menéndez Patricia , Kypri Kypros , Weatherburn Don 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimsTo determine whether restrictions on the availability of alcohol in two inner‐city entertainment areas in Sydney, Australia (1) reduced the incidence of assault in those areas, (2) increased the incidence of assault in nearby areas (where the restrictions did not apply), (3) resulted in a net reduction in overall levels of assault (4) and/or whether the reductions in assault were most pronounced during the daily time‐periods when liquor trading restrictions were in operation.DesignStructural time–series modelling was used to estimate and compare trends in assault in areas/times affected by the new restrictions on alcohol availability with trends in assault in areas unaffected by the new restrictions.SettingSydney, Australia.Participants/measurementsThe primary outcome measure was the police‐recorded monthly incidence of non‐domestic assault in the 78 months between January 2009 and June 2015.FindingsFollowing the reforms, we found reductions in assaults of 45% [beta = −0.599, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.107, –0.091] and 22% (beta =0.260, 95% CI = −0.397, –0.123), respectively, in the Kings Cross and Sydney CBD Entertainment Precincts. In the Kings Cross Entertainment Precinct, reductions in assault were observed in all three daily time‐periods. In the Sydney CBD Entertainment Precinct reductions in assault were observed only in the second and third daily time‐periods. Assaults did not increase in entertainment areas adjacent to or within easy reach of the target areas.ConclusionRestrictions on the availability of alcohol appear to reduce the incidence of assault.
High incidence and persistence of airborne allergen sensitization up to age 19 years
Authors: Rönmark E. , Warm K. , Bjerg A. , Backman H. , Hedman L. , Lundbäck B. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundLongitudinal population‐based studies about the natural history of allergic sensitization are rare. The aim was to study incidence and persistence of airborne allergen sensitization up to young adulthood and risk factors for early and late onset of sensitization.MethodsAll children aged 7–8 years in two municipalities in Northern Sweden were invited to a parental questionnaire and skin prick tests (SPTs) to ten airborne allergens, and 2148 (88%) participated. The protocol was repeated at age 11–12 and 19 years, and 1516 participated in all three examinations.ResultsPrevalence of any positive SPT increased from 20.6% at age 7–8 years to 30.6% at 11–12 years, and 42.1% at 19 years. Animals were the primary sensitizers at age 7–8 years, 16.3%, followed by pollen, 12.4%. Mite and mold sensitization was low. Mean annual incidence of any positive SPT varied between 2.8 and 3.4/100 per year, decreased by age for animal, and was stable for pollen. Sensitization before age 7–8 years was independently associated with family history of allergy, OR 2.1 (95% CI 1.6–2.8), urban living, OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.2–2.9), and male sex, OR 1.3 (95% CI 1.0–1.7), and negatively associated with birth order, OR 0.8 (95% CI 0.7–1.0), and furry animals at home, OR 0.7 (95% CI 0.7–0.9). Incidence after age 11–12 years was associated only with family history of allergy. Multisensitization at age 19 years was significantly associated with early age at sensitization. Remission of sensitization was uncommon.ConclusionThe increasing prevalence of allergic sensitization by age was explained by high incidence and persistence. After age 11–12 years, the factors urban living, number of siblings, and male sex lost their importance.