bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phenyl Hypophosphorous Acid‐Assisted Synthesis of Carbon‐Modified Anatase‐Brookite Bicrystal TiO2 Nanoparticles with Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Performance
Authors: Lv Yingxia , Tu Rui , Zhang Chengxu , Fan Wenguang , He Yun , LEUNG Michael K. H. , Wang Changsong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCarbon‐modified anatase‐brookite bicrystal TiO2 nanoparticle (C/TiO2) photocatalysts were successfully synthesized by a facile hydrothermal method using phenyl hypophosphorous acid (PA) as a ligand to mediate the physicochemical properties and as a source of carbon. The carbon species were in situ formed and loaded on TiO2 surface via carbonization of PA. The characterization results show that the morphology, phase structure, crystal size, chemical states of elements and photocatalytic activity of the C/TiO2 vary with the amount of PA used. The photocatalytic performance of C/TiO2 is significantly improved compared with pure TiO2 because (1) carbon decoration of TiO2 surface extends the light absorption to the visible‐light range; (2) charge transfer between anatase and brookite nanocrystals increases the quantum efficiency; and (3) small C/TiO2 nanocrystals yield stronger adsorption capability resulting in an increase in photocatalytic activity. Visible‐light photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) by the C/TiO2 photocatalyst was successfully achieved. The MO concentration was reduced by 78 % after exposure to visible light for 180 min. The C/TiO2 photocatalyst was highly stable after four successive experimental runs.
Practical rearrangement methods for dynamic double‐array dictionaries
Authors: Kanda Shunsuke , Fujita Yuma , Morita Kazuhiro , Fuketa Masao 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDouble‐array structures have been widely used to implement dictionaries with string keys. Although the space efficiency of dynamic double‐array dictionaries tends to decrease with key updates, we can still maintain high efficiency using existing methods. However, these methods have practical problems of time and functionality. This paper presents several efficient rearrangement methods to solve these problems. Through experiments using real‐world datasets, we demonstrate that the proposed rearrangement methods are much more practical than existing methods.
Replicating Evidence-Based Practices with Flexibility for Perinatal Home Visiting by Paraprofessionals
Authors: Rotheram-Fuller Erin J. , Swendeman Dallas , Becker Kimberly D. , Daleiden Eric , Chorpita Bruce , Harris Danielle M. , Mercer Neil T. , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroduction Strategies are needed to improve the efficacy of paraprofessional home visitors for pregnant women in the United States. This study evaluates the maternal and child outcomes when evidence-based practices (EBP) are replicated with flexibility, rather than fidelity to a manualized intervention. Methods Pregnant mothers (N = 203) in five clinics were recruited in the waiting rooms and randomized to standard clinic care as the control condition (n = 104) or standard care plus home visiting (n = 99). Home visitors (n = 9) were selected, trained in foundational skills common to EBP and four problem domains (weight control, breastfeeding, daily habits, and depression). Independent interviewers assessed targeted outcomes at birth (82%) and 6 months later (83%). Results: Home visitors, called Mentor Mothers [MM], made an average of 14.9 home visits or telephone contacts (SD = 9; total contacts = 1491) addressing maternal daily habits, breastfeeding, and depression. Intervention and control mothers were similar in weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), depression and social support at baseline and 6 months later. The percentage of low birth weight babies was similar; intervention infants’ growth (weight/height Z score) tended to be significantly better compared to the control condition. Discussion: There are many explanations for the failure to find significant benefits: insufficient statistical power; the benefits of repeated assessments by warm, supportive peers to improve outcomes; or the failure of EBP and the need to maintain replication with fidelity. All study mothers had better outcomes than documented among comparable published samples of low-income, Latina and Korean–American mothers in Los Angeles, CA. ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT01687634.
Rheological Properties and Microstructure Transition in Mixture of Zwitterionic Surfactant, Anionic Surfactant and Salts in Sorbitol/H2O Solvent: 2. Effect of Salts and Sorbitol
Authors: Fan Yaxun , Tang Haiqiu , Wang Yilin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe impact of mixed salts and sorbitol on the viscoelastic properties of a multi‐component system, made of a zwitterionic surfactant cocoamidopropyl betaine (CAPB), an anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLSS) and mixed salts (tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium acid pyrophosphate, saccharin and sodium fluoride) in sorbitol/H2O mixed solvent are systematically investigated by steady state and dynamic rheology. As reported previously, the viscosity of the mixed system passes through a maximum with increase in the SLSS mass fraction (XSLSS) at a fixed total surfactant concentration, salt concentration (Csalt) and mass ratio of sorbitol in mixed solvent (R). The shape of the XSLSS‐dependent viscosity curve does not change regardless of Csalt and R, but adding salts or sorbitol has different effects on the rheological properties of this system. The former due to a high screening effect plays an important role in the elongation and entanglement of the wormlike micelles, facilitating the enhancement of rheological properties and the formation of Maxwell fluids. The latter has a dual effect on the rheological properties and phase behavior of the mixtures. A certain amount of sorbitol can promote the formation entangled wormlike micelles, while the effect is reversed if the sorbitol content is too large. The electrostatic and hydrophobic interaction between CAPB and SLSS are the prerequisite for the aggregate formation and transition. Meanwhile, the aggregation behaviors are strongly influenced by the balance between low dielectric constant, strong solvophobic interaction and steric effect of sorbitol with the ability to form hydrogen bonds which favors the growth of micelles, and appearance of aqueous two‐phase systems with smaller amounts of wormlike micelles in CAPB‐rich regions which oppose enhancement of rheological properties. Our findings provide a new insight and approach to control and adjust the phase behavior of such a complicated applied multi‐component system.
Decomposing Current Mortality Differences Into Initial Differences and Differences in Trends: The Contour Decomposition Method
Authors: Jdanov Dmitri A. , Shkolnikov Vladimir M. , van Raalte Alyson A. , Andreev Evgeny M. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study proposes a new decomposition method that permits a difference in an aggregate measure at a final time point to be split into additive components corresponding to the initial differences in the event rates of the measure and differences in trends in these underlying event rates. For instance, when studying divergence in life expectancy, this method allows researchers to more easily contrast age-specific mortality trends between populations by controlling for initial age-specific mortality differences. Two approaches are assessed: (1) an additive change method that uses logic similar to cause-of-death decomposition, and (2) a contour decomposition method that extends the stepwise replacement algorithm along an age-period demographic contour. The two approaches produce similar results, but the contour method is more widely applicable. We provide a full description of the contour replacement method and examples of its application to life expectancy and lifetime disparity differences between the United States and England and Wales in the period 1980–2010.
Comparative Effectiveness for Glycemic Control in Older Adults with Diabetes
Authors: Quartuccio Michael , Buta Brian , Kalyani Rita Rastogi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurpose of ReviewThe purpose of this review is to summarize the current data for comparative effectiveness of glycemic control in older adults.Recent FindingsIn the last several years, professional societies have released guidelines for glycemic control in older adults, generally recommending individualized HbA1c goals. However, recent observational studies demonstrate that many older adults remain aggressively managed and are at increased risk of hypoglycemia. Large randomized trials of older adults with diabetes have failed to show convincing cardiovascular benefit from intensive glycemic control and suggest some microvascular benefit. Additionally, a few studies suggest that suboptimal glycemic control can increase the risk for geriatric syndromes. Emerging research suggests similar safety and efficacy of glucose-lowering therapies in older versus younger adults.SummaryOverall, there is a paucity of data supporting the benefit of intensive glycemic control in older adults. More research is needed in this vulnerable population.
Activity‐specific pathways among duration of organized activity involvement, social support, and adolescent well‐being: Findings from a nationally representative sample
Authors: Oosterhoff Benjamin , Kaplow Julie B. , Wray‐Lake Laura , Gallagher Katherine 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTUsing data from N = 10,148 American youth (Mage = 15.18) who participated in the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement, we tested whether duration of involvement in specific organized activities was associated with different sources of social support, and whether these links explained the health‐related benefits affiliated with participation. Duration of involvement in certain activities was differentially associated with support from peers, teachers, and other adults, and many of these links partially mediated associations between involvement and well‐being. Specifically, greater duration of sports involvement was indirectly associated with higher self‐esteem and greater physical activity through greater adult support. Greater duration of club involvement was indirectly associated with greater physical activity through higher adult support and greater duration of music involvement was indirectly associated with lower substance use and greater self‐esteem through greater teacher support. Prolonged engagement in specific activities may cultivate certain types of supportive relationships, which may promote adolescent well‐being.
Assessment of physical and psychosocial status of children with ESRD under regular hemodialysis, a single centre experience
Authors: El-Gamasy Mohamed A. , Eldeeb Mohsen M. 
Published: July 2017

Background and objectives:
Children with end stage renal disease (ESRD) under regular hemodialysis suffer from various health problems that result either from the sequelae of disease itself or its various lines of therapy. The aim of this study is to clarify biodemographic characteristics, common complaints, and physical, and psychosocial status of children with ESRD under regular maintenance hemodialysis.

Patients and methods:
This study was conducted on forty children (13 males, 17 females) aged 6–16 years with ESRD under regular hemodialysis, selected from the Pediatric Nephrology Unit at Tanta University Hospitals. Three structured questionnaires were used that measured the biodemographic data of children and their parents, common complaints before and after the onset of hemodialysis, and a physical and psychosocial status assessment sheet comprising of nutritional habits, sleeping patterns, daily physical activities, school achievement, the emotional, behavioral and social aspects of children, and different social relationships.

Results:
Most children with ESRD exhibited abnormal nutritional habits, disturbed sleep, decreased physical daily activities, impaired school achievement, and changing emotions and behaviors, and depressed social relationships.

Conclusion:
Common adverse effects of ESRD and hemodialysis in our center are inadequate nutritional status, abnormal sleep patterns, decreased physical activity, low school achievement, and psychosocial deterioration.

Recommendations:
Great efforts on the part of parents, pediatric nephrologists, nurses, psychologist, and school teachers are needed to improve the physical and psychosocial health of dialysis patients and thereby improve their quality of life.
Experience with Prophylactic Gentamicin During Penile Prosthesis Surgery: A Retrospective Comparison of Two Different Doses
Authors: Xie Donghua , Gheiler Victor , Lopez Isabel , Nehrenz Guy M. , Klopukh Boris , Bianco Fernando , Perito Paul , Gheiler Edward 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
Gentamicin has been determined to be active against a wide range of bacterial infections and has been commonly used as a preoperative antibiotic for inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation. However, the best dosing regimen to produce the safest optimal prophylactic effect remains to be determined.

Aim
To compare low- and high-dose gentamicin as prophylaxis during IPP implantation.

Methods
We retrospectively analyzed two groups of patients who underwent IPP placement from April 14, 2012 through April 13, 2016. Group 1 was composed of 490 patients who underwent IPP placement from April 14, 2012 through April 13, 2014 and received a low dose of preoperative gentamicin at 80 mg every 8 hours for 1 day. Group 2 was composed of 407 patients who underwent IPP placement from April 14, 2014 through April 13, 2016 and received a single high dose of preoperative gentamicin at 5 mg/kg. We compared the infection rates of IPP and any gentamicin-related toxicities. The same surgeon performed all procedures. All patients received additional vancomycin 1 g before incision and at 12 hours postoperatively.

Outcome
Demographic data and IPP infection rate were compared and potential toxicities from the higher dose of gentamicin were closely monitored.

Results
There were no significant differences in mean age, mean body mass index, and mean interval for IPP placement and IPP infection between the two groups. No toxicity was seen with the higher gentamicin dose. Six cases in group 1 (five de novo cases and one redo case, infection rate = 1.22%) and three cases in group 2 (two de novo cases and one redo case, infection rate = 0.74%) were found to have IPP infection. The infection rate in group 2 appeared to be lower than that in group 1, although a significant statistical difference was not achieved (P = .057).

Clinical Implications
These findings would help guide urologists in choosing an optimal preoperative gentamicin dose for IPP surgery.

Strengths and Limitations
This is the first study to report on the usage of high-dose preoperative gentamicin for IPP surgery but with limitations as a retrospective study.

Conclusions
Although not achieving a statistical difference, there was a trend for patients receiving a higher dose of preoperative gentamicin to have a lower IPP infection rate. No toxicity was encountered from the 5-mg/kg gentamicin dose. We recommend following prophylactic high-dose gentamicin guidelines.
Approximate number sense theory or approximate theory of magnitude?
Authors: Content Alain , Velde Michael Vande , Adriano Andrea 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. argue that the evidence in favor of a perceptual mechanism devoted to the extraction of numerosity from visual collections is unsatisfactory and propose to replace it with an unspecific mechanism capturing approximate magnitudes from continuous dimensions. We argue that their representation of the evidence is incomplete and that their theoretical proposal is too vague to be useful.
Why try saving the ANS? An alternative proposal
Authors: Gebuis Titia , Cohen Kadosh Roi , Gevers Wim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. propose that continuous magnitudes and a number sense are used holistically to judge numerosity. We point out that their proposal is incomplete and implausible: incomplete, as it does not explain how continuous magnitudes are calculated; implausible, as it cannot explain performance in estimation tasks. We propose that we do not possess a number sense. Instead, we assume that numerosity judgments are accomplished by weighing the different continuous magnitudes constituting numerosity.
Infants discriminate number: Evidence against the prerequisite of visual object individuation and the primacy of continuous magnitude
Authors: Libertus Melissa E. , Braham Emily J. , Liu Ruizhe 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al. hypothesize that the absence of visual object individuation limits infants' numerical skills and necessitates a reliance on continuous magnitudes. We argue that parallels between infants' numerical discrimination in the visual and auditory modalities, their abilities to match numerosities across modalities, and their greater ability to discriminate changes in number compared with continuous magnitudes contradict the authors' assumptions.
Infants, animals, and the origins of number
Authors: Margolis Eric 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhere do human numerical abilities come from? Leibovich et al. argue against nativist views of numerical development noting limitations in newborns' vision and limitations regarding newborns' ability to individuate objects. I argue that these considerations do not undermine competing nativist views and that Leibovich et al.'s model itself presupposes that infant learners have numerical representations.
Commentary on Leibovich et al.: What next?
Authors: Mix Kelly S. , Newcombe Nora S. , Levine Susan C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe conclusions reached by Leibovich et al. urge the field to regroup and consider new ways of conceptualizing quantitative development. We suggest three potential directions for new research that follow from the authors' extensive review, as well as building on the common ground we can take from decades of research in this area.
Innateness of magnitude perception? Skill can be acquired and mastered at all ages
Authors: Rubinsten Orly , Karni Avi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe agree with Leibovich et al.'s argument that the number sense theory should be re-evaluated. However, we argue that highly efficient skills (i.e., fluent and highly accurate, “automatic,” performance) can be acquired and mastered at all ages. Hence, evidence for primacy or fluency in perceiving continuous magnitudes is insufficient for supporting strong conclusions about the innateness of this aptitude.
From continuous magnitudes to symbolic numbers: The centrality of ratio
Authors: Sidney Pooja G. , Thompson Clarissa A. , Matthews Percival G. , Hubbard Edward M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeibovich et al.'s theory neither accounts for the deep connections between whole numbers and other classes of number nor provides a potential mechanism for mapping continuous magnitudes to symbolic numbers. We argue that focusing on non-symbolic ratio processing abilities can furnish a more expansive account of numerical cognition that remedies these shortcomings.
The Use of Interpreters in Medical Triage during a Refugee Mass-Gathering Incident in Europe
Authors: Alexakis Lykourgos Christos , Papachristou Anastasia , Baruzzi Chiara , Konstantinou Angeliki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionDuring a refugees’ mass-gathering incident in Kos Island, Greece, Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF; Brussels, Belgium) teams provided emergency medical care. A case report of the event focusing on difficulties encountered by the interpreters during triage and emergency response was prepared.MethodsData collected during the event were reviewed from the patient’s register and qualitative interviews were obtained from the MSF interpreters involved in the response. In addition, a description of the event and a literature review were included.ResultsTotal consultations were 49 patients, mainly from Syria, with an average age of 25 years. During triage, 20 patients were tagged green with only minor injuries; 11 patients were tagged yellow, mostly due to heat exhaustion, but also a hypertensive crisis, a diabetic, a pregnant woman with abdominal pain, and a peptic ulcer exacerbation. The remaining 18 patients were tagged red and diagnosed with heat syncope, except from a case of epileptic seizures and an acute chest pain patient. Interpreters were insufficient in number to accompany each doctor and every nurse providing care during the event. In addition, they were constantly disturbed by both refugees and fellow medical team members demanding their service. Interpreters had to triage and prioritize where to go and for whom to interpret.ConclusionInterpreters are an integral part of a proper refugee reception system. They should be included in authorities planning where mass gatherings of refugees are expected. Appropriate training may be needed for interpreters to develop skills useful in mass gatherings and similar prehospital settings in order to better coordinate with the medical team.AlexakisLCPapachristouABaruzziCKonstantinouA. The use of interpreters in medical triage during a refugee mass-gathering incident in Europe. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(6):684–687.
FASTWIND reloaded: Complete comoving frame transfer for “all” contributing lines
Authors: Puls Joachim 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFASTWIND is a unified NLTE atmosphere/spectrum synthesis code originally designed (and frequently used) for the optical/IR spectroscopic analysis of massive stars with winds. Until the previous version (v10), the line transfer for background elements (mostly from the iron-group) was performed in an approximate way, by calculating the individual line-transitions in a single-line Sobolev or comoving frame approach, and by adding up the individual opacities and source functions to quasi-continuum quantities that are used to determine the radiation field for the complete spectrum (see Puls et al. 2005, A&A 435, 669, and updates).We have now updated this approach (v11) and calculate, for all contributing lines (from elements H to Zn), the radiative transfer in the comoving frame, thus also accounting for line-overlap effects in an “exact” way. Related quantities such as temperature, radiative acceleration and formal integral have been improved in parallel. For a typical massive star atmospheric model, the computation times (from scratch, and for a modern desktop computer) are 1.5 h for the atmosphere/NLTE part, and 30 to 45 minutes (when not parallelized) for the formal integral (i.e., SED and normalized flux) in the ranges 900 to 2000 and 3800 to 7000 Å(Δλ = 0.03 Å).We compare our new with analogous results from the alternative code CMFGEN (Hillier & Miller 1998, ApJ 496, 407, and updates), for a grid consisting of 5 O-dwarf and 5 O-supergiant models of different spectral subtype. In most cases, the agreement is very good or even excellent (i.e., for the radiative acceleration), though also certain differences can be spotted. A comparison with results from the previous, approximate method shows equally good agreement, though also here some differences become obvious. Besides the possibility to calculate the (total) radiative acceleration, the new FASTWIND version will allow us to investigate the UV-part of the spectrum in parallel with the optical/IR domain.