bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Constructing a Playful Space: Eight-Legged Essays on Xixiang ji and Pipa ji
Authors: Wu Yinghui 
Published: December 2016

This article examines the “playful eight-legged essay” as a form of literary parody and discusses its circulation in printed editions of The Story of the Western Wing and The Story of the Lute in late imperial China. The rise of the playful eight-legged essay was part of a philosophical and literary tradition of “game-playing,” and occurred in the context of publications that appropriated canonical genres for fashionable entertainment. Reading the playful compositions against the generic conventions of the standard examination essay, on the one hand, and the original drama commentary, on the other, the author explores the playful eight-legged essay as an increasingly autonomous mode of critical commentary that was independent from, yet still associated with, the dramatic text. Employing dramatic impersonation, the essays opened up a playful space for the staging of passion and extended the appeal of the original play by involving the reader in its imaginative performance. Cet article étudie les adaptations plaisantes des “dissertations en huit jambes” comme forme de parodie littéraire et en examine la diffusion à travers les éditions imprimées du Pavillon de l’ouest et de l’Histoire du luth à la fin de l’empire. L’émergence de telles adaptations, inscrites dans une tradition ludique à la fois philosophique et littéraire, est contemporaine de la parution d’ouvrages qui détournaient les genres canoniques à des fins de récréation élégante. La lecture de ces dissertations amusantes que propose l’auteur se réfère à la fois aux conventions présidant à la composition des dissertations d’examen et aux commentaires d’œuvres théâtrales proprement dits. Il en ressort que le genre de la dissertation parodique a acquis une autonomie croissante en tant que commentaire critique indépendant des œuvres dramatiques tout en y restant associé. En s’appropriant la voix des personnages des pièces, de tels textes ouvrent un espace de fantaisie propice à la mise en scène des passions et renforcent l’attrait des œuvres originales en impliquant le lecteur dans leur réalisation imaginée.
Understanding Financial Barriers to Care in Patients With Diabetes
Authors: Campbell David J. T. , Manns Braden J. , Hemmelgarn Brenda R. , Sanmartin Claudia , Edwards Alun , King-Shier Kathryn 
Published: December 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was to better understand the impact that financial barriers have on patients with diabetes and the strategies that they use to cope with them. Methods A secondary analysis was conducted of 24 interviews with patients who had either type 1 or type 2 diabetes and perceived financial barriers, which were previously undertaken for a larger grounded theory study. Semistructured interviews were undertaken either face-to-face or by telephone. Data analysis was performed by 3 reviewers using inductive thematic analysis. Sampling for the original study continued until data saturation was achieved. Results The predominant aspects of care to which participants described financial barriers were medications, diabetes supplies, and healthy food. A variety of strategies are used by these patients. Participants described that their health care providers had the potential to either play an important supporting role; or alternatively, that they could also worsen the impacts of financial barriers. Conclusions Patients with diabetes experience financial barriers to various aspects of their care. While they use a variety of strategies to overcome their barriers, their health care providers can play a particularly important role in helping them manage these important barriers that impact their care and outcomes. Providers should ask patients about the existence of financial barriers, and employ strategies to mitigate against their impact.
Evaluation of the McGrath® MAC videolaryngoscope in a tertiary teaching hospital
Authors: Wong Jolin , Tan Zihui , Wong Patrick 
Published: December 2016

Background: Videolaryngoscopes have become increasingly popular in recent years for use in both normal and difficult airways. Despite this trend, their benefit remains controversial. The McGrath® MAC videolaryngoscope (Aircraft Medical Ltd, Edinburgh, UK) is used for first line or rescue intubation, and for training in videolaryngoscopy intubation. We conducted a prospective observational study to assess the performance of the McGrath® MAC. Methods: We evaluated the use of the McGrath® MAC videolaryngoscope from January 2016 to April 2016. We recruited 500 adult patients undergoing elective surgery requiring endotracheal intubation. Data was collected via an online survey. The primary outcome was the success of intubation with the McGrath® MAC. Secondary outcomes included the ease of the McGrath® MAC insertion, best glottic view, ease of tracheal tube insertion, number of intubation attempts, evidence of airway trauma, quality of view, adjunct used, airway manoeuvres used, quality of image on monitor screen and overall impression of the device. Results: A total of 428 responses were analysed. The overall success rate was 97.9% (95% confidence interval 96.0–99.0%). The success rate for those with predictors of difficult airway was 95.5% (95% confidence interval 87.6–99.5%). Easy scope insertion was reported by 97.2% of anaesthetists and 89.7% reported easy tube insertion. Some of our cases (1.9%) were complicated by airway trauma involving superficial oropharyngeal or lip injury. Conclusion: The McGrath® MAC videolaryngoscope is a good choice for a videolaryngoscope, conferring advantages of a high intubation success rate, ease of laryngoscope insertion and ease of intubation. It is suitable for use in predicted difficult airways.
Genetic Testing of Presymptomatic Individuals at Risk for Progressive Myopathy
Authors: Simmons Zachary 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
Patients and their family members often ask about genetic testing for asymptomatic individuals who are at risk for developing a genetic disorder. Ordering a genetic test is a complex process involving consideration of many basic ethical principles including autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence, as well as the physician’s duty to act in the patient’s best interest. Physicians have many choices regarding what tests to order, and they must develop the knowledge and skills to best discuss genetic testing with their patients. Integration of core ethical principles into these processes will permit physicians to best serve their patients when obtaining informed consent, considering advantages and harms of potential results, disclosing those results, and providing follow-up.
Metabolic Myopathies
Authors: Tarnopolsky Mark A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: Metabolic myopathies are genetic disorders that impair intermediary metabolism in skeletal muscle. Impairments in glycolysis/glycogenolysis (glycogen-storage disease), fatty acid transport and oxidation (fatty acid oxidation defects), and the mitochondrial respiratory chain (mitochondrial myopathies) represent the majority of known defects. The purpose of this review is to develop a diagnostic and treatment algorithm for the metabolic myopathies.

Recent Findings: The metabolic myopathies can present in the neonatal and infant period as part of more systemic involvement with hypotonia, hypoglycemia, and encephalopathy; however, most cases present in childhood or in adulthood with exercise intolerance (often with rhabdomyolysis) and weakness. The glycogen-storage diseases present during brief bouts of high-intensity exercise, whereas fatty acid oxidation defects and mitochondrial myopathies present during a long-duration/low-intensity endurance-type activity or during fasting or another metabolically stressful event (eg, surgery, fever). The clinical examination is often normal between acute events, and evaluation involves exercise testing, blood testing (creatine kinase, acylcarnitine profile, lactate, amino acids), urine organic acids (ketones, dicarboxylic acids, 3-methylglutaconic acid), muscle biopsy (histology, ultrastructure, enzyme testing), MRI/spectroscopy, and targeted or untargeted genetic testing.

Summary: Accurate and early identification of metabolic myopathies can lead to therapeutic interventions with lifestyle and nutritional modification, cofactor treatment, and rapid treatment of rhabdomyolysis.
An Overview of Congenital Myopathies
Authors: Mah Jean K. , Joseph Jeffrey T. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article uses a case-based approach to highlight the clinical features as well as recent advances in molecular genetics, muscle imaging, and pathophysiology of the congenital myopathies.

Recent Findings: Congenital myopathies refer to a heterogeneous group of genetic neuromuscular disorders characterized by early-onset muscle weakness, hypotonia, and developmental delay. Congenital myopathies are further classified into core myopathies, centronuclear myopathies, nemaline myopathies, and congenital fiber-type disproportion based on the key pathologic features found in muscle biopsies. Genotype and phenotype correlations are hampered by the diverse clinical variability of the genes responsible for congenital myopathies, ranging from a severe neonatal course with early death to mildly affected adults with late-onset disease. An increasing number of genes have been identified, which, in turn, are associated with overlapping morphologic changes in the myofibers. Precise genetic diagnosis has important implications for disease management, including family counseling; avoidance of anesthetic-related muscle injury for at-risk individuals; monitoring for potential cardiac, respiratory, or orthopedic complications; as well as for participation in clinical trials or potential genetic therapies.

Summary: Collaboration with neuromuscular experts, geneticists, neuroradiologists, neuropathologists, and other specialists is needed to ensure accurate and timely diagnosis based on clinical and pathologic features. An integrated multidisciplinary model of care based on expert-guided standards will improve quality of care and optimize outcomes for patients and families with congenital myopathies.
Myasthenia Gravis and Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome
Authors: Nicolle Michael W. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose of Review: This article discusses the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS).

Recent Findings: Recognition of new antigenic targets and improved diagnostic methods promise to improve the diagnosis of MG, although the clinical phenotypes associated with newer antibodies have not yet been defined. Future therapies might specifically target the aberrant immune response. The apparent increase in the prevalence of MG is not fully explained. Results of a long-awaited trial of thymectomy support the practice of performing a thymectomy under specific conditions.

Summary: The current treatment options are so effective in most patients with MG or LEMS that in patients with refractory disease the diagnosis should be reconsidered. The management of MG is individualized, and familiarity with mechanisms, adverse effects, and strategies to manage these commonly used treatments improves outcome. Patient education is important. LEMS, frequently associated with an underlying small cell lung cancer, is uncommon, and the mainstay of treatment is symptomatic in most patients.
Commit* to change? A call to end the publication of the phrase ‘commit* suicide’
Authors: Nielsen Emma , Padmanathan Prianka , Knipe Duleeka 
Published: December 2016

Background: Countering stigma is a fundamental facet of suicide prevention efforts. Integral to this is the promotion of accurate and sensitive language. The phrase ‘commit* suicide’ has prompted marked opposition primarily due to the connotations of immorality and illegality. Methods: The study investigated the frequency of the use of the wordstem ‘commit’, in relation to self-harm and suicidal behaviours, in the three leading suicide-specific academic journals between 2000 and 2015. Results: One third (34%) of articles published since the year 2000 used the word ‘commit*’ when describing an act of self-harm or suicide. Over half of these articles (57%) used the phrase on more than one occasion, with 6% using it more than 10 times in the same manuscript. The percentage of papers utilising the word ‘commit*’ has fluctuated over time, but there is a promising downward trend in the use of this phrase from 33% in 2000 to 13% in 2015 (p < 0.001). Discussion: We advocate for the implementation of publication requirements regarding the language used when discussing suicide. Whilst we call for collective responsibility amongst academics and clinicians, editors hold a unique position in ensuring that outdated, inaccurate and stigma-laden terms are expunged from the scientific literature.
Using the Research Journal during Qualitative Data Collection in a Cross-Cultural Context
Authors: Annink Anne 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article shows how a research journal can be used as a tool to reflect on issues arising during the phase of data collection. Especially in cross-cultural comparative research, unexpected cultural issues are likely to arise. The most critical is the phase of data collection, where decisions have to be made quickly. This article demonstrates how to establish and maintain a research journal during cross-cultural face-to-face interviewing with entrepreneurs. It provides ten suggestions for “what” and “why” to take notes on during five phases of data collection. Furthermore, the article elaborates on how a research journal could be used to deal with emotions as well as methodological and ethical issues that may arise.
German modals in second language acquisition: A constructionist approach
Authors: Anthonissen Lynn , Mortelmans Tanja 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Descriptions of modal verbs in learner grammars often evoke quite abstract semantic categories (focusing on dynamic, deontic and epistemic modality) in generalized usage contexts. Yet, in concrete utterances, modal verbs not only serve highly specific pragmatic and discourse-structural functions, but can also be shown to occur in (quasi-)formulaic sequences with specific lexical elements. These more idiosyncratic functional and formal properties are often insufficiently addressed in learner grammars. The article demonstrates, on the basis of two case studies, how insights and methods from Construction Grammar can help to improve the presentation of this topic. More specifically, it elaborates on the key determinants of L2 construction learning (involving frequency, proto-typicality and form-function mapping, among others) and illustrates what statistical techniques such as collostructional analysis and conditional inference trees can reveal about the intricacies involved in learning modal verb constructions.
Path encoding in German as a foreign language: Difficulties encountered by L1 Spanish learners
Authors: Liste Lamas Elsa 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article examines the difficulties in the encoding of path in German by 15 L1 Spanish learners with different levels of proficiency. The participants were asked to describe a set of video clips depicting different types of path of motion. The data analysis shows that the observed difficulties are not only related to the typological differences between German and Spanish but also to the complexity of the encoding of path in German. Based on the observed difficulties, this article also presents the first results relating to a didactic approach which should allow L1 Spanish learners of German to more easily acquire the linguistic means to encode path.
One step closer to the target: Using Construction Grammar to teach the expression of motion events to Japanese learners of English
Authors: Caluianu Daniela 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
According to Talmy’s typology of the lexicalization of motion events (Talmy 1985, 2000), English is a satellite-framed language while Japanese is verb-framed. This study presents some of the verb-framed properties transferred by Japanese learners into their L2 English and investigates the possibility of restructuring the L1 schema for the lexicalization of motion events in L2 through instruction. A class experiment in which two groups of learners were instructed to focus on verbal semantics and constructions, respectively, indicates that teaching focusing on motion constructions is likely to yield better results, in the sense of fostering a more native-like rhetorical style, than teaching focusing on lexical items.
The acquisition of the German case system by foreign language learners through computer animations based on cognitive linguistics
Authors: Gradel Valentina 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In the area of teaching German as a foreign language, the major difficulty for learners is to master German cases. With this in mind, Wegener (1995) therefore proposed starting by conveying those syntactic and semantic roles of the case which occur most frequently, i.e., the so-called prototypical functions. Furthermore, Scheller’s (2008) study has shown that animations based on cognitive linguistic theories enhance grammar instruction, although a verification of such an effect for conveying cases is not yet available. The present study therefore examines the question whether an approach which conveys knowledge about cases through presenting prototypical functions on the one hand and using animations on the other hand can offer advantages over traditional teaching methods. Over a period of two months, such an approach, together with traditional teaching methods, has been tested on two groups of subjects learning German as a foreign language at A1 level. The results reveal that the approach which involved a combination of conveying prototypical functions and interactive animations outperformed traditional methods. An integration of such a method into textbooks and into German as a foreign language classrooms could make it easier for learners to master the German case system in the future.
Animation of grammar – Interplay of cognitive linguistics and multimedia learning: The example of German modal auxiliaries
Authors: El-Bouz Katsiaryna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article explores German modal auxiliaries as a means of expressing root modality from a cognitive linguistic point of view. Special attention is paid to the educational aspect in the context of teaching German as a foreign language. The article presents an innovative didactic concept for German modal auxiliaries based on the cognitive linguistic approach and implemented through animations. The effectiveness of this concept was tested in an empirical study, the findings of which also presented and discussed in the article.
»Gewürz, Honig und süßester Zucker für unsere Ohren und Augen«. Rhetorik und Musik im italienischen Musikschrifttum der Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Ehrmann-Herfort Sabine 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
In antiquity, music was regarded as an art closely related to rhetoric and, thus, considered to have specific psychological effects on the audience, intentionally aimed at by its composers. The following contribution focuses on the significance of rhetoric for the Italian theory of music during early modern times. Examples for the relationship between the disciplines of rhetoric and music at that time are selected and analysed.
Rhetorik und Musik in England (16. bis 18. Jahrhundert)
Authors: Ruf Wolfgang 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The article deals with the influence of rhetoric on musical thinking and musical practice in England from the end to fifteenth century until the eighteenth century. The humanistic rediscovery of sciences and arts led to the revival of the artes liberales and to an insight in the relationship of ars oratoria and ars musica and the affinity between poetry and music. The close connexion is based on the similarity of effects,which are produced by the eloquence of speech and the affective power of vocal and instrumental sounds: They convey a message and move the heart. The relation of the sister arts was primarily considered not in theoretical musical sources but in writings dealing with poetry or rhetoric by George Puttenham, Henry Peacham the Elder, Francis Bacon, Charles Butler and others. However, the treatises by Christopher Simpson,Thomas Mace,Charles Avison and William Jones attestagrowing importance of rhetorical principles on the creation of music. Ayres and wordless pieces by Campion, Dowland, Purcell and Händel give evidence, that the composers applied rhetorical procedures and figures to intensify the expressive and persuasive qualities of their art.
Rhetorik und musikalische Artikulation
Authors: Glüxam Dagmar 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper deals with some connecting links between rhetoric and articulation that have scarcely been considered thus far. It will show that the earlier commonly- held view of articulation as involving only »joining« and »separating« notes is by no means sufficient to understand Baroque music in all of its great expressive variety. Based on Baroque music aesthetics - in which music was regarded as imitating nature and, as a result, imitating speech and human emotions - the important principle of analogous imitation using musical means will initially be explained. Since the different musical-rhetorical figures function in this system as individual compositional building blocks, it is evident that understanding them is also of vital importance to answering questions about different technical features of articulation.
Musikalische Rhetorik im 20. und 21. Jahrhundert
Authors: Kogler Susanne 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Today, contemporary music is often considered as free from any kind of linguistic structures. Consequently, understanding new music with the help of rhetoric seems obsolete. Nevertheless composers conceive their pieces as expressive and communicative forms that allow sharing experiences and content, and, in some cases, even deliver messages. In particular, music created by novel technological means requires an analytical approach based on listening, and the ability to discover meaningful patterns. At different historical moments, the term rhetoric subsumed diverse dimensions of musical organisation. Thus a »rhetorical« approach covers multiple labels of understanding. In 20th century’s music, in analogy to ancient theory, three basic fields of rhetorical imprint can be defined: 1. the level of details (intervals, motifs and gestures) corresponding to inventio; 2. the level of form (genres, narrative and dramatic structures, discourse) corresponding to dispositio; 3. the level of performance (articulation, expression, tone, character) corresponding with elocutio. From this perspective, rhetoric is not an accidental means of creation, but an immanent musical principle which allows taking into account music’s communicative potential. Taking the broad sense of the term »rhetoric« as starting point, this paper aims at demonstrating how 20th century music is to be understood as a communicative form. By providing a selection of various examples, it does not present definite research results, but rather points out to desiderata of future analytical research.