bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Solar Water Splitting by Swift Charge Separation in Au/FeOOH Sandwiched Single‐Crystalline Fe2O3 Nanoflake Photoelectrodes
Authors: Wang Lei , Nguyen Nhat Truong , Zhang Yajun , Bi Yingpu , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this work, single crystalline α‐Fe2O3 nanoflakes (NFs) are formed in a highly dense array by Au seeding of a Fe substrate by a thermal oxidation technique. The NFs are conformally decorated with a thin FeOOH cocatalyst layer. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) measurements show that this photoanode, incorporating α‐Fe2O3/FeOOH NFs rooted on the Au/Fe structure, exhibits significantly enhanced PEC water oxidation performance compared to the plain α‐Fe2O3 nanostructure on the Fe substrate. The α‐Fe2O3/FeOOH NFs on Au/Fe photoanode yields a photocurrent density of 3.1 mA cm−2 at 1.5 VRHE, and a remarkably low onset potential of 0.5–0.6 VRHE in 1 m KOH under AM 1.5G (100 mW cm−2) simulated sunlight illumination. The enhancement in PEC performance can be attributed to a synergistic effect of the FeOOH top decoration and the Au underlayer, whereby FeOOH facilitates hole transfer at the interface of electrode/electrolyte and the Au layer provides a sink for the electron transport to the back contact. This results in a drastically improved charge‐separation efficiency in the single crystalline α‐Fe2O3 NF photoanode.
Label‐free high temporal resolution assessment of cell proliferation using digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Janicke Birgit , Kårsnäs Andreas , Egelberg Peter , Alm Kersti 
Published: April 2017

AbstractCell proliferation assays are widely applied in biological sciences to understand the effect of drugs over time. However, current methods often assess cell population growth indirectly, that is, the cells are not actually counted. Instead other parameters, for example, the amount of protein, are determined. These methods often also demand phototoxic labels, have low temporal resolution, or employ end‐point assays, and frequently are labor intensive. We have developed a robust and label‐free kinetic cell proliferation assay with high temporal resolution for adherent cells using digital holographic microscopy (DHM), one of many quantitative phase microscopy techniques. As no labels or stains are required, and only very low intensity illumination is necessary, the technique allows for noninvasive continuous cell counting. Only two image processing settings were adjusted between cell lines, making the assay practical, user friendly, and free of user bias. The developed direct assay was validated by analyzing cell cultures treated with various concentrations of the anti‐cancer drug etoposide, a well‐established topoisomerase inhibitor that causes DNA damage and leads to programmed cell death. After treatment, the unstained adherent cells were nondestructively imaged every 30 min for 36 h inside a cell incubator. In the recorded time‐lapse image sequences, individual cells were automatically identified to provide detailed growth curves and growth rate data of cell number, confluence, and average cell volume. Our results demonstrate how these parameters facilitate a deeper understanding of cell processes than what is achievable with current single‐parameter and end‐point methods. © 2017 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Primary HPV testing verification: A retrospective ad‐hoc analysis of screening algorithms on women doubly tested for cytology and HPV
Authors: Tracht Jessica , Wrenn Allison , Eltoum Isam‐Eldin 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundTo evaluate human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as a primary screening tool, we retrospectively analyzed data comparing (1) HPV testing to the algorithms of the ATHENA Study: (2) cytology alone, (3) cytology with ASCUS triage in women 25–29 and (4) cotesting ≥ 30 or (5) cotesting ≥ 25.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from women tested with both cytology and HPV testing from 2010 to 2013. Cumulative risk (CR) for CIN3+ was calculated. Crude and verification bias adjusted (VBA) sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, likelihood ratios, colposcopy rate, and screening test numbers were compared.ResultsAbout 15,173 women (25–95, 7.1% <30) had both HPV and cytological testing. Nearly 1,184 (8.4%) had biopsies. About 19.4% had positive cytology, 14.5% had positive HPV. HPV testing unassociated with ASCUS was requested in 40% of women <30, versus 84% ≥30, with similar HPV16/18 genotyping results (68% vs. 70%). 84 CIN3+ were detected with the following 3‐year cumulative risk (CR) (95% confidence interval): HPV+/ASCUS+, 46% (32–66%), HPV+/NILM 30% (15–58%), HPV−/ASCUS+ 12% (6–23%), and HPV−/NILM 0.8% (0.2–3.6%). HPV had higher specificity 57% (54–60%) than cotesting ≥30 52% (49–55%). HPV sensitivity 78% (69–87%), positive 12.3% (9.8–15.3%), negative 97 (96–98%) predictive values, positive 1.8 (1.6–2.1) and negative likelihood ratios 0.6 (0.5‐0.6), were not significantly different. Cotesting increased colposcopy rate and doubled testing per CIN3+ diagnosed. Conclusion: While HPV−/NILM cotesting results are associated with low CIN3+ risk, HPV testing had similar screening performance to cotesting and to cytology alone. Additionally, HPV testing and cytology incur false negatives in nonoverlapping subsets of patients. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:580–586. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Insight into the roles of selection in speciation from genomic patterns of divergence and introgression in secondary contact in venomous rattlesnakes
Authors: Schield Drew R. , Adams Richard H. , Card Daren C. , Perry Blair W. , Pasquesi Giulia M. , Jezkova Tereza , Portik Daniel M. , Andrew Audra L. , Spencer Carol L. , Sanchez Elda E. , Fujita Matthew K. , Mackessy Stephen P. , Castoe Todd A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractInvestigating secondary contact of historically isolated lineages can provide insight into how selection and drift influence genomic divergence and admixture. Here, we studied the genomic landscape of divergence and introgression following secondary contact between lineages of the Western Diamondback Rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox) to determine whether genomic regions under selection in allopatry also contribute to reproductive isolation during introgression. We used thousands of nuclear loci to study genomic differentiation between two lineages that have experienced recent secondary contact following isolation, and incorporated sampling from a zone of secondary contact to identify loci that are resistant to gene flow in hybrids. Comparisons of patterns of divergence and introgression revealed a positive relationship between allelic differentiation and resistance to introgression across the genome, and greater‐than‐expected overlap between genes linked to lineage‐specific divergence and loci that resist introgression. Genes linked to putatively selected markers were related to prominent aspects of rattlesnake biology that differ between populations of Western Diamondback rattlesnakes (i.e., venom and reproductive phenotypes). We also found evidence for selection against introgression of genes that may contribute to cytonuclear incompatibility, consistent with previously observed biased patterns of nuclear and mitochondrial alleles suggestive of partial reproductive isolation due to cytonuclear incompatibilities. Our results provide a genome‐scale perspective on the relationships between divergence and introgression in secondary contact that is relevant for understanding the roles of selection in maintaining partial isolation of lineages, causing admixing lineages to not completely homogenize.
Effects of grazing on CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in three temperate steppe ecosystems
Authors: Shi Huiqiu , Hou Longyu , Yang Liuyi , Wu Dongxiu , Zhang Lihua , Li Linghao 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTerrestrial ecosystems play a critical role in regulating the emission and uptake of the most important greenhouse gases (GHGs) such as CO2, CH4, and N2O. However, the effects of grazing on these GHG fluxes in different steppe types remain unclear. Here, we compared the effects of grazing on seasonal CO2, CH4, and N2O fluxes in the meadow (MS), typical (TS), and desert (DS) temperate steppe ecosystems in northern China. CO2 emission rates increased from 311.4 ± 73.2 to 349.6 ± 55.4 mg·m−2·h−1 in MS, but decreased in TS (from 341.3 ± 93.0 to 239.5 ± 81.9 mg·m−2·h−1) and DS (from 212.1 ± 53.7 to 163.0 ± 83.4 mg·m−2·h−1) in response to summer grazing (SG). N2O emission rates increased in MS from 4.7 ± 2.2 to 8.1 ± 3.4 μg·m−2·h−1, but not significantly changed in TS (9.2 ± 4.2 vs. 8.4 ± 2.4 μg·m−2·h−1) and DS (6.3 ± 1.5 vs. 5.7 ± 1.6 μg·m−2·h−1) by SG. CH4 uptake rates increased in MS from 33.0 ± 11.7 to 47.1 ± 10.4 μg·m−2·h−1 and decreased from 64.4 ± 7.6 to 56.2 ± 5.9 μg·m−2·h−1 in TS in response to SG. In MS and DS, N2O emissions were positively related to seasonal CO2 emissions and negatively related to CH4 uptakes. No significant relationships were found between GHG fluxes in TS. Summer grazing did not affect the relationship between CO2 and N2O emissions in MS, but reduced the relationship by enhancing the effect of aboveground biomass (AGB) on N2O emission in DS. The significant negative relationship between CH4 uptake and N2O emission in MS and DS could be attributed to the significant relationship between soil temperature (ST) and AGB in MS and to the significant effects of soil moisture on both CH4 uptake and N2O emission in DS. The decrease in the magnitude of the correlation coefficients between CH4 uptake and N2O emission by SG was due to the negative relationship between ST and AGB simultaneously in MS and DS. Our results suggest that effects of SG on GHG fluxes varied in different steppes and the relationship among GHGs was steppe‐dependent and SG also changed the relationship by affecting GHG fluxes induced by varied soil and environmental factors.
A Three‐Position Swing Electromagnetic Actuator with an Integrated Eddy Current Brake for Suppression of the Operating Time and Improvement of the Stopping Accuracy
Authors: TAKAHASHI KAZUKI , TSUKIMA MITSURU , KAI TAKAYUKI , NAKAGAWA TAKAFUMI 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYA closed‐loop control system is commonly used in electromagnetic actuators to ensure operating performance. However, this system frequently leads to high costs. We developed a swing electromagnetic actuator with an integrated eddy current brake to reduce the operating time and improve the stopping accuracy. The developed actuator is a three‐position cylindrical actuator moving within a ±120º angle without closed‐loop control. The rotor is composed of a bulk and thin metal laminations and the stator has three sets of pairs of coils. The rotor is stopped at an intermediate position by magnetic force generated by the coils. This paper describes the electromagnetic design and its evaluation by using an FEM simulation to predict its operating characteristics and measure its performance on a test bench. The superiority of our actuator design is verified by comparing these measurements. The operating time is reduced to one‐sixth of that of a laminated rotor and the over travel is compressed to zero. In addition, this actuator has the advantage that it is electrically robust against variations in the power supply.
High Precision On‐Line Offset Correction for Motor Angle Sensors
Authors: MORI TATSUYA , KOJIMA TETSUYA , KIMPARA YOSHIHIKO , NAKANO MASATSUGU 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYIn this paper, an angle detecting system is proposed that calculates the offset correction values for the sine and cosine signals of angle sensors. The offset correction values are calculated not from the offset errors of the sine and cosine signals but from the 1f angle error (the fundamental frequency component of the sine and cosine signals) of the angle signals. Therefore, the system can correct the 1f angle error even when the sine and cosine signals contain the double‐frequency components of the sine and cosine signals, as well as the dc offset errors. Moreover, it is possible to use low‐cost microcomputers with low computing speed, because the offset correction values are dc quantities.
Discharge Pattern Discrimination for Composite Insulation System in Vacuum
Authors: KONG FEI , KOJIMA HIROKI , KIMURA TOSHINORI , TSUKIMA MITSURU , HAYAKAWA NAOKI 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYIn order to develop higher‐voltage vacuum circuit breakers (VCBs), the investigation of discharge phenomenon in vacuum is necessary. In vacuum interrupters (VIs) with composite insulation systems, the discharge has complex and various patterns at the internal insulation failures. In this paper, based on the discharge development characteristics, we propose a discrimination method for the discharge pattern in vacuum. We measured the applied voltage, anode current, and shield potential waveforms, respectively. From the feature of the measured waveforms, we classified the discharge patterns. Furthermore, based on the relation between discharge development time and discharge path length, we estimated the discharge patterns and discharge path lengths. In addition, we conducted a verification experiment of the discrimination method using a VI model. Experimental results revealed that the estimated discharge patterns and discharge path lengths were consistent with the observed discharge ones and the effectiveness of the discrimination method was confirmed.
Effects of ferric carboxymaltose on hospitalisations and mortality rates in iron‐deficient heart failure patients: an individual patient data meta‐analysis
Authors: Anker Stefan D. , Kirwan Bridget‐Anne , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Filippatos Gerasimos , Comin‐Colet Josep , Ruschitzka Frank , Lüscher Thomas F. , Arutyunov Gregory P. , Motro Michael , Mori Claudio , Roubert Bernard , Pocock Stuart J. , Ponikowski Piotr 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsIron deficiency (ID) is a common co‐morbidity in patients with heart failure (HF) and has been suggested to be associated with poor prognosis. Recently completed double‐blind randomised controlled trials (RCTs) studying HF patients with ID have shown improvements in functional capacity, symptoms and quality of life when treated with i.v. ferric carboxymaltose (FCM). This individual patient data meta‐analysis investigates the effect of FCM vs. placebo on recurrent hospitalisations and mortality in HF patients with ID.Methods and resultsIndividual patient data were extracted from four RCTs comparing FCM with placebo in patients with systolic HF and ID. The main outcome measures were recurrent cardiovascular (CV) hospitalisations and CV mortality. Other outcomes included cause‐specific hospitalisations and death. The main analyses of recurrent events were backed up by time‐to‐first‐event analyses. In total, 839 patients, of whom 504 were randomised to FCM, were included. Compared with those taking placebo, patients on FCM had lower rates of recurrent CV hospitalisations and CV mortality [rate ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.40–0.88; P = 0.009]. Treatment with FCM also reduced recurrent HF hospitalisations and CV mortality (rate ratio 0.53, 95% CI 0.33–0.86; P = 0.011) and recurrent CV hospitalisations and all‐cause mortality (rate ratio 0.60, 95% CI 0.41–0.88; P = 0.009). Time‐to‐first‐event analyses showed similar findings, with somewhat attenuated treatment effects. The administration of i.v. FCM was not associated with an increased risk for adverse events.ConclusionsTreatment with i.v. FCM was associated with a reduction in recurrent CV hospitalisations in systolic HF patients with ID.
The effect of pH on chronic zinc toxicity differs between daphnid species: Development of a preliminary chronic zinc Ceriodaphnia dubia bioavailability model
Authors: Nys Charlotte , Janssen Colin R. , De Schamphelaere Karel A.C. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

In the present study, we observed that the chronic Zn Daphnia magna biotic ligand model (BLM) could not accurately predict the chronic Zn toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia in a series of (modified) field waters, although the intrinsic sensitivities of the D. magna BLM were specifically calibrated on the sensitivity of C. dubia. Moreover, it was observed that the D. magna BLM underestimated the effect of pH on the toxicity of the free Zn2+ ion. A preliminary species-specific chronic Zn C. dubia bioavailability model was developed based on the data. The preliminary Zn C. dubia bioavailability model was shown to predict Zn toxicity to C. dubia in a series of natural waters with pH ranging between 7 and 8.3 with reasonable accuracy. The difference in the effect of pH on Zn2+ toxicity between D. magna and C. dubia (2 phylogenetically closely related species) suggested by our results deserves further attention because of the importance of the cross-species application of bioavailability models in ecological risk-assessment procedures and environmental quality standard derivations for metals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2750–2755. © 2017 SETAC
Long‐Term Impact of Valid Case Criterion on Capturing Population‐Level Growth Under Item Response Theory Equating
Authors: Deng Weiling , Monfils Lora 
Published: April 2017

AbstractUsing simulated data, this study examined the impact of different levels of stringency of the valid case inclusion criterion on item response theory (IRT)‐based true score equating over 5 years in the context of K–12 assessment when growth in student achievement is expected. Findings indicate that the use of the most stringent inclusion criterion generally yielded the most accurate results when overall root mean square error (RMSE) and bias were considered under both zero‐growth and growth conditions, for both one‐parameter logistic (1PL) and three‐parameter logistic (3PL) IRT models, and for both fixed common item parameter (FCIP) and test characteristic curve (TCC) scaling methods. The positive impact of applying the most stringent valid case inclusion criterion was more salient with the 3PL model, under which greater classification accuracy was observed.
The Evaluation of saccharose replacing by adding stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture on the physicochemical and sensory properties of Naanberenji (an Iranian confectionary)
Authors: Ghandehari Yazdi Amirpouya , Hojjatoleslamy Mohammad , Keramat Javad , Jahadi Mahshid , Amani Elahe 
Published: April 2017

AbstractStevia is a natural, non‐nutritive sweetener can replace sugar in your diet to control diabetes and aid in weight loss. Naanberenji, an Iranian traditional cookie, is a well‐reputed confectionary containing high sucrose and calorie value, for this reason its consumption in healthy diet has been restricted. In this study, the effect of sucrose replacement by stevioside‐maltodextrin mixture on physicochemical properties of Naanberenji was evaluated in four replacing levels including 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. Results of texture evaluation revealed that hardness increases due to adding stevioside‐maltodextrin (p < .05). Color analysis also showed that browning index by adding more mixture reduced. Moreover, the results of sensory analysis showed that treatment containing 25% stevioside‐maltodextrin was the most similar sample to control and 23.06% reduction in sugar consumption achieved in this level of replacement. Therefore, its physicochemical properties (peroxide, acidity, chemical compounds, and hardness) were measured. According to the results, calorie amount decreased by 7.27 %. While there was no significant difference in the acidity of the aforesaid sample, peroxide results exhibited significant differences. Analysis of Farinograph plot revealed more water binding in comparison to control sample.
Deciphering the effects of human activity on urban areas through morphostratigraphic analysis: The case of Pisa, Northwest Italy
Authors: Bini Monica , Pappalardo Marta , Rossi Veronica , Noti Valerio , Amorosi Alessandro , Sarti Giovanni 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe type, thickness, and volume of anthropogenic deposits buried beneath long‐settled cities are good indicators of the human impact on urban environments and topography. Pisa is a multilayered city settled since Etruscan times in the lower Arno Plain. Stratigraphic and geomorphologic data from the urban subsurface show that Pisa today is located on a mound (ca. 4 m high) made up dominantly of anthropogenic deposits. Two types of anthropogenic facies are distinguished: human‐modified deposits of Etruscan Age and made‐ground deposits dated since the Roman Age onward. Integrating subsurface stratigraphy with ancient ground‐level topography, we reconstruct the evolutionary phases of the Pisa urban landscape subject to a dominant human influence. Urbanization processes started in Etruscan times, as testified by the lower boundary of the anthropogenic succession (Pisa archaeosphere). The formation and the highest increase in elevation of the Pisa mound, which is still growing, occurred during the Roman and the Middle Ages. At the same time, the urban fabric moved southward, toward the Arno River, and a thick anthropogenic succession accumulated in the city sector where an ancient ring of walls had been hypothesized. However, the highest acceleration in the urban ground growth rate is recorded since A.D. 1950 onward, corresponding to the Anthropocene “Great Acceleration.”
Performance of Cu‐Fe‐based oxygen carrier in a CLC process based on fixed bed reactors
Authors: Tian Qiang , Che Lixin , Ding Bin , Wang Qianwei , Su Qingquan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractTo explore the application of chemical‐looping combustion (CLC) to the distributed medium‐ small‐scale hot water and steam gas‐fueled boilers, a CLC process based on two fixed bed reactors (FBRs) has been proposed. A Cu‐Fe‐based oxygen carrier (OC) was studied to meet the requirements for this process. Results showed that Cu30‐Fe50/Al20 was exothermic both in the reduction step and in the oxidation step, and showed a quite large operating temperature window of 600–900°C. At the lower temperature side, it showed good low temperature reactivity, and at the higher temperature side, it showed strong resistance to carbon deposition, agglomeration, and sintering. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of post‐flowering nitrate availability on nitrogen remobilization in hydroponically grown durum wheat
Authors: Juraniec Michal , Hermans Christian , Salis Pietrino , Geelen Danny , Verbruggen Nathalie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe nitrogen (N) utilization efficiency in hydroponically grown durum wheat was dissected during nitrate depletion at post‐flowering stage. Feeding plants with low nitrate dose after anthesis lowered photosynthetic activity, triggered senescence, but induced N remobilization from vegetative parts. At harvest, tissue N concentration was 50% and 80% less important in leaves and culms, respectively, but similar in grains of N‐deficient plants compared with control ones.