bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing implications: symptom presentation and quality of life in rectal cancer patients
Authors: O'Gorman Claire , Barry Amanda , Denieffe Suzanne , Sasiadek Wojciech , Gooney Martina 
Published: March 2016

Aims and objectivesTo determine the changes in symptoms experienced by rectal cancer patients during preoperative chemoradiotherapy, with a specific focus on fatigue and to explore how symptoms impact the quality of life.BackgroundRectal cancer continues to be a healthcare issue internationally, despite advances in management strategies, which includes the administration of preoperative chemoradiotherapy to improve locoregional control. It is known that this treatment may cause adverse effects; however, there is a paucity of literature that specifically examines fatigue, symptoms and quality of life in this patient cohort.DesignA prospective, quantitative correlational design using purposive sampling was adopted.MethodsSymptoms and quality of life were measured with validated questionnaires in 35 patients at four time points.ResultsSymptoms that changed significantly over time as examined usingrm‐anovainclude fatigue, bowel function issues, nutritional issues, pain, dermatological issues and urinary function issues. Findings indicate that fatigue leads to poorer quality of life, with constipation, bloating, stool frequency, appetite loss, weight worry, nausea and vomiting, dry mouth and pain also identified as influencing factors on quality of life.ConclusionFindings have highlighted the importance of thorough symptom assessment and management of patients receiving preoperative chemoradiotherapy, particularly midway through treatment, in order to optimise quality of life and minimise interruptions to treatment.Relevance to Clinical PracticeClose monitoring of symptoms during preoperative chemoradiotherapy, particularly at week 4, will enable the implementation of timely interventions so that interruptions to treatment are prevented and the quality of life is optimised, which may hasten postoperative recovery times.
Current controversies in determining the main mechanisms of atrial fibrillation
Authors: Schotten U. , Dobrev D. , Platonov P. G. , Kottkamp H. , Hindricks G. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDespite considerable basic research into the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation (AF), not much progress has been made in the prognosis of patients with AF. With the exception of anticoagulant therapy, current treatments for AF still do not improve major cardiovascular outcomes. This may be due partly to the diverse aetiology of AF with increasingly more factors found to contribute to the arrhythmia. In addition, a strong increase has been seen in the technological complexity of the methods used to quantify the main pathophysiological alterations underlying the initiation and progression of AF. Because of the lack of standardization of the technological approaches currently used, the perception of basic mechanisms of AF varies widely in the scientific community. Areas of debate include the role of Ca2+‐handling alterations associated with AF, the contribution and noninvasive assessment of the degree of atrial fibrosis, and the best techniques to identify electrophysiological drivers of AF. In this review, we will summarize the state of the art of these controversial topics and describe the diverse approaches to investigating and the scientific opinions on leading AF mechanisms. Finally, we will highlight the need for transparency in scientific reporting and standardization of terminology, assumptions, algorithms and experimental conditions used for the development of better AF therapies.
3D Super‐Resolution Motion‐Corrected MRI: Validation of Fetal Posterior Fossa Measurements
Authors: Pier Danielle B. , Gholipour Ali , Afacan Onur , Velasco‐Annis Clemente , Clancy Sean , Kapur Kush , Estroff Judy A. , Warfield Simon K. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTPURPOSECurrent diagnosis of fetal posterior fossa anomalies by sonography and conventional MRI is limited by fetal position, motion, and by two‐dimensional (2D), rather than three‐dimensional (3D), representation. In this study, we aimed to validate the use of a novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique, 3D super‐resolution motion‐corrected MRI, to image the fetal posterior fossa.METHODSFrom a database of pregnant women who received fetal MRIs at our institution, images of 49 normal fetal brains were reconstructed. Six measurements of the cerebellum, vermis, and pons were obtained for all cases on 2D conventional and 3D reconstructed MRI, and the agreement between the two methods was determined using concordance correlation coefficients. Concordance of axial and coronal measurements of the transcerebellar diameter was also assessed within each method.RESULTSBetween the two methods, the concordance of measurements was high for all six structures (P < .001), and was highest for larger structures such as the transcerebellar diameter. Within each method, agreement of axial and coronal measurements of the transcerebellar diameter was superior in 3D reconstructed MRI compared to 2D conventional MRI (P < .001).CONCLUSIONSThis comparison study validates the use of 3D super‐resolution motion‐corrected MRI for imaging the fetal posterior fossa, as this technique results in linear measurements that have high concordance with 2D conventional MRI measurements. Lengths of the transcerebellar diameter measured within a 3D reconstruction are more concordant between imaging planes, as they correct for fetal motion and orthogonal slice acquisition. This technique will facilitate further study of fetal abnormalities of the posterior fossa.
Use of photodynamic therapy and chitosan for inactivacion of Candida albicans in a murine model.
Authors: Fabio Camacho‐Alonso , Yolanda Martínez‐Beneyto , Carmen Gallego Mª , Francisco Cuello , Antonio Julián Buendía , Leonor Pérez‐Lajarin , Jesús Salinas 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundThe wide use of topical and systemic antifungal agents as the conventional treatment for oral candidiasis has caused Candida albicans to develop resistance to these agents. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chitosan on buccal candidiasis and study the possible enhancive effect of chitosan on the photosensitizer methylene blue.MethodsThirty‐five DBA/2 immunosuppressed mice were orally inoculated with a suspension of Candida albicans. The animals were randomized into seven groups (n = 5 per group): Group 1 (control); Group 2 (nystatin); Group 3 (PDT); Group 4 (chitosan 1.5 mg/ml); Group 5 (chitosan 3 mg/ml); Group 6 (PDT + chitosan 1.5 mg/ml); and Group 7 (PDT + chitosan 3 mg/ml). The Candida albicans count was evaluated on days 3, 5, 7, and 11 after inoculation. At last, macroscopic and microscopic analyses of the tongue dorsa were performed.ResultsOn day 7 after inoculation, the control group showed a greater number of Candida albicans (5.25 ± 0.41 log10 CFU/ml), with significant differences compared to all other groups (P ≤ 0.05). On day 11 after inoculation, animals treated with PDT showed lower CFU/ml count. Groups 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 showed fewer microscopic candidiasis lesions than Groups 1 and 7.ConclusionsPDT has an antifungal effect, even greater than nystatin. Chitosan has a powerful fungicide effect but did not possess any enhancive effect on methylene blue.
Immunoexpression of hoxb7 and hoxb9 in salivary gland tumours
Authors: Fonseca Felipe Paiva , Bingle Lynne , Santos‐Silva Alan Roger , Lopes Márcio Ajudarte , Coletta Ricardo D. , de Andrade Bruno Augusto Benevenuto , Mariano Fernanda Viviane , Kowalski Luiz Paulo , Rangel Ana Lúcia Carrinho Ayroza , Martins Manoela Domingues , Meurer Luise , Hunter Keith D. , Speight Paul M. , Vargas Pablo Agustin 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundSalivary gland carcinomas are uncommon neoplasms and the identification of new prognostic indicators could improve their management. HOXB7 and HOXB9 are members of the class I homeobox‐containing genes important for normal embryogenesis and that are dysregulated in several human neoplasms. This study investigated HOXB7 and HOXB9 expressions in salivary gland tumourigenesis, their correlation with neoplastic proliferative and angiogenic features and their importance as prognostic markers.MethodsA hundred and fifty salivary gland tumours were organized in tissue microarray and expressions of CD105, Ki67, HOXB7 and HOXB9 were determined through immunohistochemistry. Reactions were quantified and correlated with clinicopathological parameters.ResultsIn normal glands, HOXB7 was found in basal cells, whereas HOXB9 was seen in serous acinar and scattered ductal cells. Malignancies exhibited an increased vascular density, proliferative index, HOXB7 and HOXB9 expressions when compared with pleomorphic adenoma and Warthin's tumour. Significant correlation was found between HOXB7 and CD105 (P = 0.004) in adenoid cystic carcinomas, and HOXB7 higher expression significantly correlated with the presence of paresthesia (P = 0.02). No marker exhibited a significant association with survival rates (P > 0.05).ConclusionHOXB7 and HOXB9 were expressed in normal salivary gland and were present in benign and malignant tumours derived from these structures, and HOXB7 significantly correlated with neoangiogenesis in AdCC. These findings suggest that both proteins might play a role in salivary gland tumourigenesis, but they were not significant prognostic determinants in this sample.
DO STATE BUSINESS CLIMATE INDICATORS EXPLAIN RELATIVE ECONOMIC GROWTH AT STATE BORDERS?
Authors: Artz Georgeanne M. , Duncan Kevin D. , Hall Arthur P. , Orazem Peter F. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTThis study submits 11 business climate indexes to tests of their ability to predict relative economic performance on either side of state borders. Our results show that most business climate indexes have no ability to predict relative economic growth regardless of how growth is measured. Some are negatively correlated with relative growth. Many are better at reporting past growth than at predicting the future. In the end, the most predictive business climate index is the Grant Thornton Index which was discontinued in 1989.
Ambiguity and Accident Law
Authors: CHAKRAVARTY SURAJEET , KELSEY DAVID 
Published: March 2016

AbstractEnvironmental accidents often involve ambiguous risks, i.e., the relevant probabilities are unknown. This paper studies how liability rules are affected by ambiguity. The injurer and the victim choose a level of care, which is observable, and an unobservable action. Both actions may affect the size and/or likelihood of loss. We analyze the welfare implications of tort rules. First, we show that with ambiguity, negligence is likely to perform better than strict liability. Second, we propose a tort rule of negligence and punitive damages, which gives the efficient levels of both care and unobserved actions.
Optimal Fines under Announced and Surprise Inspections
Authors: DECHENAUX EMMANUEL , SAMUEL ANDREW 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper examines optimal fines in a regulatory framework where the regulator can choose either surprise or announced inspections to monitor a firm for compliance. The firm can invest in detection avoidance, but it receives a fine if the regulator discovers that it is noncompliant. In the welfare maximization problem, we focus on the trade‐off between the frequency of inspections and the magnitude of the fine. We find that when inspections are unannounced, the optimal fine is maximal, but when they are announced, the optimal fine may be less than maximal.
Postcrystallization metasomatism in shergottites: Evidence from the paired meteorites LAR 06319 and LAR 12011
Authors: Howarth Geoffrey H. , Liu Yang , Chen Yang , Pernet‐Fisher John F. , Taylor Lawrence A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractApatite is the major volatile‐bearing phase in Martian meteorites, containing structurally bound fluorine, chlorine, and hydroxyl ions. In apatite, F is more compatible than Cl, which in turn is more compatible than OH. During degassing, Cl strongly partitions into the exsolved phase, whereas F remains in the melt. For these reasons, the volatile concentrations within apatite are predictable during magmatic differentiation and degassing. Here, we present compositional data for apatite and merrillite in the paired enriched, olivine‐phyric shergottites LAR 12011 and LAR 06319. In addition, we calculate the relative volatile fugacities of the parental melts at the time of apatite formation. The apatites are dominantly OH‐rich (calculated by stoichiometry) with variable yet high Cl contents. Although several other studies have found evidence for degassing in the late‐stage mineral assemblage of LAR 06319, the apatite evolutionary trends cannot be reconciled with this interpretation. The variable Cl contents and high OH contents measured in apatites are not consistent with fractionation either. Volatile fugacity calculations indicate that water and fluorine activities remain relatively constant, whereas there is a large variation in the chlorine activity. The Martian crust is Cl‐rich indicating that changes in Cl contents in the apatites may be related to an external crustal source. We suggest that the high and variable Cl contents and high OH contents of the apatite are the results of postcrystallization interaction with Cl‐rich, and possibly water‐rich, crustal fluids circulating in the Martian crust.
Dating a small impact crater: An age of Kaali crater (Estonia) based on charcoal emplaced within proximal ejecta
Authors: Losiak A. , Wild E. M. , Geppert W. D. , Huber M. S. , Jõeleht A. , Kriiska A. , Kulkov A. , Paavel K. , Pirkovic I. , Plado J. , Steier P. , Välja R. , Wilk J. , Wisniowski T. , Zanetti M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe estimates of the age of the Kaali impact structure (Saaremaa Island, Estonia) provided by different authors vary by as much as 6000 years, ranging from ~6400 to ~400 before current era (BCE). In this study, a new age is obtained based on 14C dating charred plant material within the proximal ejecta blanket, which makes it directly related to the impact structure, and not susceptible to potential reservoir effects. Our results show that the Kaali crater was most probably formed shortly after 1530–1450 BCE (3237 ± 10 14C yr BP). Saaremaa was already inhabited when the bolide hit the Earth, thus, the crater‐forming event was probably witnessed by humans. There is, however, no evidence that this event caused significant change in the material culture (e.g., known archeological artifacts) or patterns of human habitation on Saaremaa.
Meteorites found on Misfits Flat dry lake, Nevada
Authors: Harlan Scott , Jenniskens Peter , Zolensky Michael E. , Yin Qing‐Zhu , Verosub Kenneth L. , Rowland Douglas J. , Sanborn Matthew , Huyskens Magdalena , Creager Emily R. , Jull A. J. Timothy ,   (The Misfits Flat Meteorite Consortium)
Published: March 2016

AbstractMeteorites have been found on the small Misfits Flat dry lakebed near Stagecoach, Nevada (119.382W, +39.348N). Since the first find on Sept. 22, 2013, a total of 58 stones of weathering stage W2/3 with a combined mass of 339 g have been collected in 19 visits to the area. This small (3.3 × 3.6 km) lakebed is now a newly designated dense collection area (DCA). Most meteorites were found in a small 350 × 180 m area along the north shore and most are fragments of several broken individual stones. Three of these fragments were classified as an LL4/5 of shock stage S2, now named Misfits Flat 001, one of which (stone MF33) fell 8.1 ± 1.3 ka ago based on the 14C terrestrial age, assuming it came from a 20–80 cm diameter meteoroid. In addition, a small darkly crusted meteorite MF34, now named Misfits Flat 002, was found 820 m WSW from the main mass. This meteorite is classified as an LL5 ordinary chondrite with shock stage S4/5. The meteorite is saturated in 14C at 63 dpm kg−1, suggesting it originated from the center of a 0.5 m diameter meteoroid, or deep inside a ~1.0 m meteoroid, less than 300 yr ago. Accounts exist of a fireball seen at 13:15 UT on March 2, 1895, that are consistent with the find location of Misfits Flat 002.
Rare earth element measurements and mapping of minerals in the Allende CAI, 7R19‐1, by NanoSIMS ion microprobe
Authors: Ito Motoo , Messenger Scott 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe have established analytical procedures for quantitative rare earth element (REE) measurements by NanoSIMS 50L ion microprobe with 2–10 μm spatial resolution. Measurements are performed by multidetection using energy filtering under several static magnetic field settings. Relative sensitivity factors and REE oxide/REE element secondary ion ratios that we determined for the NanoSIMS match values previously determined for other ion microprobes. REE measurements of 100 ppm REE glass standards yielded reproducibility and accuracy of 0.5–2.5% and 5–15%, respectively. REE measurements of minerals of an Allende type‐A CAI, 7R19‐1, were performed using three different methods: spot analysis, line profile, and imaging. These data are in excellent agreement with previous REE measurements of this inclusion by IMS‐3f ion microprobe. The higher spatial resolution NanoSIMS measurements provide additional insight into the formation process of this CAI and offer a promising new tool for analysis of fine‐grained and complexly zoned materials.
Breastfeeding booklet and proactive phone calls for increasing exclusive breastfeeding rates: RCT protocol
Authors: Zakarija‐Grković Irena , Puharić Drita , Malički Mario , Hoddinott Pat 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBreastfeeding is associated with infant and maternal health benefits and considerable potential savings to health services. Despite this, only 37% of infants globally are exclusively breastfed for 6 months. Interventions are needed to improve breastfeeding rates. The aim of this study is to determine whether written breastfeeding information in pregnancy and proactive breastfeeding‐focused support phone calls, provided by a health professional educated in breastfeeding management, increase exclusive breastfeeding rates at 3 months compared with general birth‐related information with proactive support calls or standard care.This is a single‐centre, randomised, controlled, three‐arm, superiority study with blind outcome assessment. Eligible participants will include primigravidae with singleton pregnancies who speak Croatian, attending six primary care obstetric practices. We estimate a total sample size of 459, with computer generated stratified randomisation of 153 women per arm. Participants in the intervention and active control groups will receive booklets in pregnancy, phone calls 2 weeks later, and 2, 6 and 10 weeks after birth. The primary outcome will be the proportion of women exclusively breastfeeding at 3 months. Secondary outcomes will compare: infant feeding practices and attitudes, social support, breastfeeding difficulties, breastfeeding self efficacy and utilisation of breastfeeding support services. Follow‐up at 6 months will compare exclusive and any breastfeeding and utilised support services. Analysis will be by intention to treat. This trial will contribute to future evidence syntheses identifying the most effective forms of breastfeeding support.
Identifying targets of selection in mosaic genomes with machine learning: applications in Anopheles gambiae for detecting sites within locally adapted chromosomal inversions
Authors: He Qixin , Knowles L. Lacey 
Published: March 2016

AbstractChromosomal inversions are important structural changes that may facilitate divergent selection when they capture co‐adaptive loci in the face of gene flow. However, identifying selection targets within inversions can be challenging. The high degrees of differentiation between heterokaryotypes, as well as the differences in demographic histories of collinear regions compared with inverted ones, reduce the power of traditional outlier analyses for detecting selected loci. Here, we develop a new approach that uses discriminant functions informed from inversion‐specific expectations to classify loci that are under selection (or drift). Analysis of RAD sequencing data we collected in a classic dipteran species with polymorphic inversion clines—Anopheles gambiae, a malaria vector species from sub‐Saharan Africa—demonstrates the benefits of the approach compared with traditional outlier analyses. We focus specifically on two polymorphic inversions, the 2La and 2Rb arrangements that predominate in dry habitats and the 2L+a and 2R+b arrangements in wet habitats, which contrast with the minimal geographic structure of SNPs from collinear regions. With our approach, we identify two strongly selected regions within 2La associated with dry habitat. Moreover, we also show that the prevalence of selection is greater in the arrangement 2L+a that is associated with wet habitat (unlike presumed importance of selective divergence associated with the shift of the mosquitoes into dry habitats). We discuss the implications of these results with respect to studies of rapid adaptation in these malaria vectors, and in particular, the insights our newly developed approach offers for identifying not only potential targets of selection, but also the population that has undergone adaptive change.
Distribution patterns of microbial communities in ultramafic landscape: a metagenetic approach highlights the strong relationships between diversity and environmental traits
Authors: Bordez L. , Jourand P. , Ducousso M. , Carriconde F. , Cavaloc Y. , Santini S. , Claverie J. M. , Wantiez L. , Leveau A. , Amir H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMicrobial species richness and assemblages across ultramafic ecosystems were investigated to assess the relationship between their distributional patterns and environmental traits. The structure of microorganism communities in the Koniambo massif, New Caledonia, was investigated using a metagenetic approach correlated with edaphic and floristic factors. Vegetation cover and soil properties significantly shaped the large phylogenetic distribution of operational taxonomic unit within microbial populations, with a mean per habitat of 3.477 (±317) for bacteria and 712 (±43) for fungi. Using variance partitioning, we showed that the effect of aboveground vegetation was the most significant descriptor for both bacterial and fungal communities. The floristic significant predictors explained 43% of the variation for both the bacterial and fungal community structures, while the edaphic significant predictors explained only 32% and 31% of these variations, respectively. These results confirm the previous hypothesis that the distribution of microorganisms was more structured by the vegetation cover rather than the edaphic characteristics and that microbial diversity is not limited in ultramafic ecosystems.