bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recruitment to Occupations with a Surplus of Workers: The Unexpected Outcomes of Swedish Demand‐Driven Labour Migration Policy
Authors: Emilsson Henrik 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis article studies the outcomes of the 2008 labour‐migration policy change in Sweden, when most state control was abolished and an employer‐led selection was introduced. The main goal was to increase labour migration from third countries to occupational sectors experiencing labour shortages. The article compares the volume, composition and labour‐market status of labour migrants who arrived before the change in the law with those who arrived after. Labour migrants from EU countries are used as a control group to assess any eventual influence from non‐migration policy determinants. The main outcome of the policy change is that non‐EU labour migration increased – an effect entirely due to the rise in labour migration to surplus occupations. Changes in the composition of the labour migrants explains why those who came after the law change have, on average, a worse labour market position.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and wound healing: the functional role of ROS and emerging ROS‐modulating technologies for augmentation of the healing process
Authors: Dunnill Christopher , Patton Thomas , Brennan James , Barrett John , Dryden Matthew , Cooke Jonathan , Leaper David , Georgopoulos Nikolaos T 
Published: December 2015

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) play a pivotal role in the orchestration of the normal wound‐healing response. They act as secondary messengers to many immunocytes and non‐lymphoid cells, which are involved in the repair process, and appear to be important in coordinating the recruitment of lymphoid cells to the wound site and effective tissue repair. ROS also possess the ability to regulate the formation of blood vessels (angiogenesis) at the wound site and the optimal perfusion of blood into the wound‐healing area. ROS act in the host's defence through phagocytes that induce an ROS burst onto the pathogens present in wounds, leading to their destruction, and during this period, excess ROS leakage into the surrounding environment has further bacteriostatic effects. In light of these important roles of ROS in wound healing and the continued quest for therapeutic strategies to treat wounds in general and chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, venous and arterial leg ulcers and pressure ulcers in particular, the manipulation of ROS represents a promising avenue for improving wound‐healing responses when they are stalled. This article presents a review of the evidence supporting the critical role of ROS in wound healing and infection control at the wound site, and some of the new emerging concepts associated with ROS modulation and its potential in improving wound healing are discussed.
ANCIENT GREEK ETHNICITIES: TOWARDS A REASSESSMENT
Authors: HALL JONATHAN M. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This paper offers a response to Kostas Vlassopoulos' ‘Ethnicity and Greek History: Re-examiningour Assumptions’, especially his comments about the unit of analysis that we should adopt in studying ancient ethnicity, the relationship between ethnicity and nationalism, and the limitations of testing evidence against definitional models. It also considers the role that religious ritual played in professions of ethnicity as well as the heuristic utility in distinguishing between ‘aggregative’ and ‘oppositional’ identities or between ‘ethnic’ or ‘cultural’ definitions of Hellenic identity. Finally, it questions prevailing opinions about the relationship between ethnicity and the ethnic group.
PROVERBS IN HERODOTUS' DIALOGUE BETWEEN SOLON AND CROESUS (1.30‐33): METHODOLOGY AND ‘MAKING SENSE’ IN THE STUDY OF GREEK RELIGION
Authors: ELLIS B. ANTHONY 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Summary: Several influential scholars have recently argued that Herodotus' thought about the gods and historical causation is inconsistent and ‘proverbial’ in nature, and these conclusions have been used to support far-reachingtheories about the nature of ancient Greek religion and archaic thought. Taking the Croesus logos as a case study, I question some of the philosophical premises and methodological practices employed in recent arguments for Herodotus' inconsistency. I argue that much analysis is based on a reductive treatment of key words or phrases (often classed as ‘proverbs’) in isolation from their immediate context. I also argue that stronger claims about the difference between ancient religious/proverbial thought and modern, secular thought rely on circular reasoning. Finally I explore alternative approaches to the interpretation of the theology of Herodotus' Croesus logos, discussing examples from humanist apologetics to literary analysis in the twenty-firstcentury. In exploring various approaches to Herodotean exegesis I offer a new analysis of several key concepts (divine nemesis, divine phthonos, sumphorē) and reassess the dynamics of the dialogue between Solon and Croesus.
Fibroblast VEGF‐receptor 1 expression as molecular target in periodontitis
Authors: Ohshima Mitsuhiro , Yamaguchi Yoko , Ambe Kimiharu , Horie Masafumi , Saito Akira , Nagase Takahide , Nakashima Keisuke , Ohki Hidero , Kawai Toshihisa , Abiko Yoshimitsu , Micke Patrick , Kappert Kai 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimDegradation of extracellular matrices is an integral part in periodontitis. For antagonizing this pathophysiological mechanism, we aimed at identifying gene expression profiles in disease progression contributing periodontitis‐associated fibroblasts (PAFs) versus normal gingival fibroblasts to determine their molecular repertoire, and exploit it for therapeutic intervention.Materials and MethodsApplying an exploratory analysis using a small number of microarrays in combination with a three dimensional (3D) in vitro culture model that incorporates some aspects of periodontitis, PAFs were initially characterized by gene‐expression analyses, followed by targeted gene down‐regulation and pharmacological intervention in vitro. Further, immunohistochemistry was applied for phosphorylation analyses in tissue specimens.ResultsPAFs were characterized by 42 genes being commonly up‐regulated >1.5‐fold, and by five genes that were concordantly down‐regulated (<0.7‐fold). Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐receptor 1 (Flt‐1) was highly enhanced, and was thus further explored in in vitro culture models of periodontal fibroblasts without accounting for the microbiome. Phosphorylation of the VEGF‐receptor 1 was enhanced in PAFs. Receptor inhibition by a specific VEGF‐receptor inhibitor or intrinsic down‐regulation by RNAi of the VEGF‐receptor kinase in 3D gel cultures resulted in significant reduction in collagen degradation associated with increased tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase expression, suggesting that Flt‐1 may contribute to periodontitis.ConclusionBased on the finding that VEGF‐receptor kinase inhibition impaired collagen degradation pathways, Flt‐1 may represent a candidate for therapeutic approaches in periodontitis.
Long‐term regular dental attendance and periodontal disease in the 1998 adult dental health survey
Authors: Karimalakuzhiyil Alikutty Fazeena , Bernabé Eduardo 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to explore the association between long‐term pattern of dental attendance and periodontal disease among British adults.MethodsWe used data from 3272 adults who participated in the 1998 Adult Dental Health Survey in the UK. Participants were classified into four trajectories (current, always, former and never regular attenders) based on their responses to three questions on lifetime dental attendance patterns. The numbers of teeth with pocket depth (PD) ≥4 mm and loss of attachment (LOA) ≥4 mm were the outcome measures. The association between dental attendance patterns and each periodontal measure was assessed in crude and adjusted models using negative binomial regression.ResultsNever and former regular attenders had more teeth with PD ≥4 mm (Rate Ratios with 95% Confidence Interval: 1.58 [1.28–1.95] and 1.34 [1.12–1.60] respectively) and LOA ≥4 mm (1.34 [1.04–1.72] and 1.37 [1.07–1.75] respectively) than always regular attenders, after adjustments for demographic (sex, age and country of residence) and socioeconomic factors (education and social class). However, no differences in periodontal measures were found between always and current regular attenders.ConclusionThis analysis of national cross‐sectional data shows that adults with different long‐term patterns of dental attendance have different periodontal health status.
Context‐dependent alarm signalling in an insect
Authors: de Bruijn P. J. A. , Egas M. , Sabelis M. W. , Groot A. T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAnimals often respond to danger by raising alarm to inform others. Alarm signals come in many different forms, such as visual or mechanical display, sound or odour. Some animals produce vocal alarm signals that vary with the level of danger. For chemical alarm signals, virtually nothing is known about such context‐dependent signalling due to a general notion that alarm pheromones have fixed compositions. Here, we show that larvae of the Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis) produce an alarm pheromone whose composition varies with the level of danger they face: the presence of a relatively harmless predator or a very dangerous predator, that is either actually attacking or not. The frequency of alarm pheromone excretion increases with the level of danger. Moreover, the composition of excreted alarm pheromone varies in the relationship between total and relative amount of the putative two components, decyl acetate (DAc) and dodecyl acetate (DDAc). When pheromone is excreted with a predator present but not attacking, the percentage DDAc increases with the total amount of pheromone. When a predator does attack, however, the relationship between percentage DDAc and total amount of pheromone is reversed. Taken together, the alarm signal of thrips larvae appears to be context dependent, which to our knowledge is the first report of context‐dependent composition of an alarm pheromone.
Sex‐specific plasticity and genotype × sex interactions for age and size of maturity in the sheepshead swordtail, Xiphophorus birchmanni
Authors: Boulton K. , Rosenthal G. G. , Grimmer A. J. , Walling C. A. , Wilson A. J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractResponses to sexually antagonistic selection are thought to be constrained by the shared genetic architecture of homologous male and female traits. Accordingly, adaptive sexual dimorphism depends on mechanisms such as genotype‐by‐sex interaction (G×S) and sex‐specific plasticity to alleviate this constraint. We tested these mechanisms in a population of Xiphophorus birchmanni (sheepshead swordtail), where the intensity of male competition is expected to mediate intersexual conflict over age and size at maturity. Combining quantitative genetics with density manipulations and analysis of sex ratio variation, we confirm that maturation traits are dimorphic and heritable, but also subject to large G×S. Although cross‐sex genetic correlations are close to zero, suggesting sex‐linked genes with important effects on growth and maturation are likely segregating in this population, we found less evidence of sex‐specific adaptive plasticity. At high density, there was a weak trend towards later and smaller maturation in both sexes. Effects of sex ratio were stronger and putatively adaptive in males but not in females. Males delay maturation in the presence of mature rivals, resulting in larger adult size with subsequent benefit to competitive ability. However, females also delay maturation in male‐biased groups, incurring a loss of reproductive lifespan without apparent benefit. Thus, in highly competitive environments, female fitness may be limited by the lack of sex‐specific plasticity. More generally, assuming that selection does act antagonistically on male and female maturation traits in the wild, our results demonstrate that genetic architecture of homologous traits can ease a major constraint on the evolution of adaptive dimorphism.
Central Auditory Processing Disorder: a systematic search and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines
Authors: Heine Chyrisse , O'Halloran Robyn 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesAn increased interest in Central Auditory Processing Disorder has seen the publication of several guidelines to help inform clinical practice. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic search and critically evaluate published guidelines to inform the ongoing development of evidence‐based practice in this area.MethodA systematic search of the literature was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews guidelines. Nominated guidelines were then critiqued using the Appraisal of Guidelines and Research and Evaluation (AGREE II) tool.ResultsFive clinical practice guidelines in the area of Central Auditory Processing Disorder were identified. The British Society of Audiology guideline achieved the highest rating for scope and purpose, rigour of development and applicability and overall score.ConclusionsThe AGREE II tool is an effective way to critically evaluate the quality of methodological reporting of clinical practice guidelines in the area of Central Auditory Processing Disorder and provides direction for the ongoing development of these guidelines in the future.
Field and laboratory transmission studies of haemic neoplasia in the soft‐shell clam, Mya arenaria, from Atlantic Canada
Authors: Mateo D R , MacCallum G S , Davidson J 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA two‐year laboratory and field study was initiated in 2001 in response to mass mortalities associated with haemic neoplasia (HN) in 1999 in Prince Edward Island (PEI) soft‐shell clams, Mya arenaria. A laboratory proximity experiment (cohabitation) and an inoculation challenge were conducted with clams and mussels (Mytilus edulis). Three field exposure experiments were also conducted, in which naive clams were held in sediment (in trays) or out of sediment (in mesh bags) at three high HN prevalence sites on PEI. There was a conversion to HN positive in clams in the proximity experiment and in clams injected with whole blood and cell‐free homogenate, but not at statistically significant levels. No mussels or control clams became HN positive. There was a significant conversion to HN positive in as little as 24 and 58 days after transfer with clams held out of sediment and in sediment, respectively. The laboratory and field experiments’ results suggest that HN‐infected clams are spreading the disease through water from infected clams to naïve individuals and via transplantation from affected to unaffected sites. Some environmental conditions (e.g. abnormally high water temperature and hypoxia‐induced sea lettuce [Ulva lacteus] invasion) may make clams susceptible to infections or exacerbate the proliferation of HN.
Global Water Scarcity in Relation to the International Energy Trade of Thailand
Authors: Okadera Tomohiro , Chaowiwat Winai , Boonya‐aroonnet Surajate , Tipayarom Danutawat , Yoochatchaval Wilasinee 
Published: December 2015

SummaryIt is predicted that energy requirements in developing countries will increase global water consumption as a result of implementation of new power generation systems, and to population growth of the middle classes. Thus, it is anticipated that increased regional energy consumption will likely increase global water scarcity as a result of the consequent international energy trade. The degree of impact, however, depends on the degree of water scarcity in the energy‐export regions. Therefore, the impact on global water scarcity by the international energy trade of Thailand was evaluated, using virtual water flow, and considering water scarcity. First, the amount of natural gas, crude oil, coal, and electricity imported and exported by each country was determined from energy and trading statistics. Concurrently, a database of water withdrawn per unit of energy production was built using commodity and water scarcity indices by country. Next, standard, scarcity‐weighted, and region‐based scarcity‐weighted virtual water flows were calculated using a bottom‐up approach. From this, the net virtual water import (NVWI) was determined to be 1,267 to 7,353 million cubic meters (m3), whereas the stress‐weighted and region‐based stress‐weighted NVWIs were determined to be from −2 to 1,820, and −4 to 3,696 million m3, respectively, over the past 20 years. It was found that, although the amount of virtual water import for the power generation was significant, imported crude oil was the greatest contributor to global water scarcity. Finally, the implications of these results for policy to prevent global water scarcity are considered, with discussion of the usability and uncertainty, of the water scarcity index.
Renal evaluation with B‐mode and Doppler ultrasound in captive tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella)
Authors: Carandina da Silva Luciana , Machado Vânia Maria de Vasconcelos , Teixeira Carlos Roberto , dos Santos Roberta Valeriano , Dias Neto Ramiro das Neves , Melchert Alessandra , Rahal Sheila Canevese 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate, by B‐mode ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound, the kidneys of one Neotropical primate maintained in captivity.MethodsTen adult intact tufted capuchins (Sapajus apella) were evaluated. The morphometric parameters of both kidneys were evaluated and kidney volumes calculated. Color Doppler was used to evaluate renal vascular architecture and to identify arteries of the left kidney. Spectral Doppler was used to measure peak‐systolic velocity, end‐diastolic velocity, and resistive index (RI).ResultsBoth kidneys presented homogeneous cortical echogenicity and homogeneous echotexture with preserved corticomedullary differentiation. There was no statistically significant difference between right and left kidneys for all morphometric parameters. RI of the left renal, interlobar, and arcuate arteries were, respectively, 0.75 (SD, 0.07), 0.70 (SD, 0.08), and 0.70 (SD, 0.06).ConclusionsBoth kidneys showed similar morphometric parameters by B‐mode ultrasound, whereas RI by spectral Doppler decreased progressively from renal artery to interlobar and arcuate arteries.
Indirect Incentives of Hedge Fund Managers
Authors: LIM JONGHA , SENSOY BERK A. , WEISBACH MICHAEL S. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTIndirect incentives exist in the money management industry when good current performance increases future inflows of capital, leading to higher future fees. For the average hedge fund, indirect incentives are at least 1.4 times as large as direct incentives from incentive fees and managers’ personal stakes in the fund. Combining direct and indirect incentives, manager wealth increases by at least $0.39 for a $1 increase in investor wealth. Younger and more scalable hedge funds have stronger flow‐performance relations, leading to stronger indirect incentives. These results have a number of implications for our understanding of incentives in the asset management industry.
Simulation of dental collisions and occlusal dynamics in the virtual environment
Authors: Stavness I. K. , Hannam A. G. , Tobias D. L. , Zhang X. 
Published: December 2015

SummarySemi‐adjustable articulators have often been used to simulate occlusal dynamics, but advances in intra‐oral scanning and computer software now enable dynamics to be modelled mathematically. Computer simulation of occlusal dynamics requires accurate virtual casts, records to register them and methods to handle mesh collisions during movement. Here, physical casts in a semi‐adjustable articulator were scanned with a conventional clinical intra‐oral scanner. A coordinate measuring machine was used to index their positions in intercuspation, protrusion, right and left laterotrusion, and to model features of the articulator. Penetrations between the indexed meshes were identified and resolved using restitution forces, and the final registrations were verified by distance measurements between dental landmarks at multiple sites. These sites were confirmed as closely approximating via measure‐ments made from homologous transilluminated vinylpolysiloxane interocclusal impressions in the mounted casts. Movements between the indexed positions were simulated with two models in a custom biomechanical software platform. In model DENTAL, 6 degree‐of‐freedom movements were made to minimise deviation from a straight line path and also shaped by dynamic mesh collisions detected and resolved mathematically. In model ARTIC, the paths were further constrained by surfaces matching the control settings of the articulator. Despite these differences, the lower mid‐incisor point paths were very similar in both models. The study suggests that mathematical simulation utilising interocclusal ‘bite’ registrations can closely replicate the primary movements of casts mounted in a semi‐adjustable articulator. Additional indexing positions and appropriate software could, in some situations, replace the need for mechanical semi‐adjustable articulation and/or its virtual representation.
Capturing the DSM‐5 Alternative Personality Disorder Model Traits in the Five‐Factor Model's Nomological Net
Authors: Suzuki Takakuni , Griffin Sarah A. , Samuel Douglas B. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSeveral studies have shown structural and statistical similarities between the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM‐5) alternative personality disorder model and the Five‐Factor Model (FFM). However, no study to date has evaluated the nomological network similarities between the two models. The relations of the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI‐R) and the Personality Inventory for DSM‐5 (PID‐5) with relevant criterion variables were examined in a sample of 336 undergraduate students (Mage = 19.4; 59.8% female). The resulting profiles for each instrument were statistically compared for similarity. Four of the five domains of the two models have highly similar nomological networks, with the exception being FFM Openness to Experience and PID‐5 Psychoticism. Further probing of that pair suggested that the NEO PI‐R domain scores obscured meaningful similarity between PID‐5 Psychoticism and specific aspects and lower‐order facets of Openness. The results support the notion that the DSM‐5 alternative personality disorder model trait domains represent variants of the FFM domains. Similarities of Openness and Psychoticism domains were supported when the lower‐order aspects and facets of Openness domain were considered. The findings support the view that the DSM‐5 trait model represents an instantiation of the FFM.