bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A non‐invasive method for sampling the body odour of mammals
Authors: Weiß Brigitte M. , Marcillo Andrea , Manser Marta , Holland Ruben , Birkemeyer Claudia , Widdig Anja 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Olfaction is a central aspect of mammalian communication, providing information about individual attributes such as identity, sex, group membership or genetic quality. Yet, the chemical underpinnings of olfactory cues remain little understood, one of the reasons being the difficulty in obtaining high quality samples for chemical analysis.

In this study, we adjusted and evaluated the use of thermal desorption (TD) tubes, commonly used in plant metabolomic and environmental studies, for non‐invasive sampling of mammalian body odour. We obtained chemical profiles of meerkat (Suricata suricatta) body odour samples, using TD tubes analysed with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry.

TD tubes captured a wide range of volatile and semi‐volatile organic compounds, including compounds likely originating from the target animals. Adjustment of sampling parameters (distance, volume, flow rate, interruption of sampling) to increase the feasibility for a non‐invasive application yielded samples of adequate quality. However, to minimize the variability between samples, sampling parameters should be kept constant and samples should be collected when no conspecifics are close‐by.

The method was sensitive enough to pick up population differences in the chemical profiles of two captive groups of meerkats, demonstrating its applicability to biological questions. With sufficiently habituated animals, the method is applicable non‐invasively, allowing short‐ and long‐term studies on a wide range of questions, including e.g. chemical signatures of kinship, diet, individual health or reproductive state.
Increased illness burden in women with comorbid bipolar and premenstrual dysphoric disorder: data from 1 099 women from STEP‐BD study
Authors: Slyepchenko A. , Frey B. N. , Lafer B. , Nierenberg A. A. , Sachs G. S. , Dias R. S. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundThe impact of comorbid premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) in women with bipolar disorder (BD) is largely unknown.AimsWe compared illness characteristics and female‐specific mental health problems between women with BD with and without PMDD.Materials & MethodsA total of 1 099 women with BD who participated in the Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP‐BD) were studied. Psychiatric diagnoses and illness characteristics were assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Female‐specific mental health was assessed using a self‐report questionnaire developed for STEP‐BD. PMDD diagnosis was based on DSM‐5 criteria.ResultsWomen with comorbid BD and PMDD had an earlier onset of bipolar illness (P < 0.001) and higher rates of rapid cycling (P = 0.039), and increased number of past‐year hypo/manic (P = 0.003), and lifetime/past‐year depressive episodes (P < 0.05). Comorbid PMDD was also associated with higher proportion of panic disorder, post‐traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, bulimia nervosa, substance abuse, and adult attention deficit disorder (all P < 0.05). There was a closer gap between BD onset and age of menarche in women with comorbid PMDD (P = 0.003). Women with comorbid PMDD reported more severe mood symptoms during the perinatal period and while taking oral contraceptives (P < 0.001).DiscussionThe results from this study is consistent with research suggesting that sensitivity to endogenous hormones may impact the onset and the clinical course of BD.ConclusionsThe comorbidity between PMDD and BD is associated with worse clinical outcomes and increased illness burden.
Trajectories of posttraumatic growth among US military veterans: a 4‐year nationally representative, prospective cohort study
Authors: Tsai J. , Pietrzak R. H. 
Published: August 2017

ObjectiveThis study examined the nature and determinants of predominant trajectories of posttraumatic growth (PTG) over time.MethodUsing data from a prospective, nationally representative survey of 2718 US veterans assessed in 2011, 2013, and 2015, we used latent growth mixture modeling to identify PTG trajectories, and to examine key determinants of PTG trajectories from a comprehensive set of sociodemographic, military, health, and psychosocial variables.ResultsThree PTG trajectories were identified, labeled as Low and Decreasing PTG (74.0%), Consistently Moderate PTG (12.0%), and High and Increasing PTG (14.0%). Greater severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, specifically re‐experiencing and avoidance symptoms, at baseline predicted Consistently Moderate and High and Increasing PTG trajectories. Compared to the Low and Decreasing PTG trajectory, the High and Increasing PTG trajectory scored higher on baseline measures of gratitude, purpose in life, Spirituality, and social support.ConclusionPosttraumatic growth is a dynamic process with divergent trajectories. Developing interventions that target certain psychosocial factors may help trauma survivors maintain PTG over time.
“The Campesino Was Born for the Campo”: A Multispecies Approach to Territorial Peace in Colombia
Authors: Lederach Angela J. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTI draw on ethnographic fieldwork with a social movement, the Peaceful Process of Reconciliation and Integration of the Alta Montaña, to explore practices of peacebuilding in rural Colombia. I use a multispecies lens to interrogate the discourse of territorial peace (paz territorial), revealing the ways in which both violence and peace intertwine human and nonhuman lives and relations in the Alta Montaña. Through analysis of the everyday assemblages forged between people, animals, forests, and crops, I demonstrate how the multispecies approach to peacebuilding found in the Alta Montaña sharpens our understanding of the mutually reinforcing processes of violent conflict and environmental degradation. As a result, I argue that multispecies anthropological analysis also enables a capacious conceptualization of peace, one that recognizes the full life‐worlds of people as they seek, in their everyday lives, to reweave—and create anew—the social and ecological fabric of their communities. [violence, displacement, multispecies, peacebuilding, Colombia]
Survivin: A novel marker and potential therapeutic target for human angiosarcoma
Authors: Tsuneki Masayuki , Kinjo Takao , Mori Taisuke , Yoshida Akihiko , Kuyama Kayo , Ohira Aoi , Miyagi Takuya , Takahashi Kenzo , Kawai Akira , Chuman Hirokazu , Yamazaki Naoya , Masuzawa Mikio , Arakawa Hirofumi 
Published: August 2017

Human angiosarcoma is a rare malignant vascular tumor associated with extremely poor clinical outcome and generally arising in skin of the head and neck region. However, little is known about the molecular pathogeneses and useful immunohistochemical markers of angiosarcoma. To investigate the mechanisms of angiosarcoma progression, we collected 85 cases of human angiosarcoma specimens with clinical records and analyzed ISO‐HAS‐B patient‐derived angiosarcoma cells. As control subjects, 54 cases of hemangioma and 34 of pyogenic granuloma were collected. Remarkably, consistent with our recent observations regarding the involvement of survivin expression following Hippo pathway inactivation in the neoplastic proliferation of murine hemangioendothelioma cells and human infantile hemangioma, nuclear survivin expression was observed in all cases of angiosarcoma but not in hemangiomas and pyogenic granulomas, and the Hippo pathway was inactivated in 90.3% of yes‐associated protein (YAP) ‐positive angiosarcoma cases. However, survivin expression modes and YAP localization (Hippo pathway activation modes) were not correlated with survival. In addition, we confirmed that survivin small interference RNA (siRNA) transfection and YM155, an anti‐survivin drug, elicited decreased nuclear survivin expression and cell proliferation in ISO‐HAS‐B cells which expressed survivin consistently. Conclusively, these findings support the importance of survivin as a good marker and critical regulator of cellular proliferation for human angiosarcoma and YM155 as a potential therapeutic agent.
Synthesis and in vitro investigation of halogenated 1,3‐bis(4‐nitrophenyl)triazenide salts as antitubercular compounds
Authors: Torfs Eveline , Vajs Jure , de Macedo Maíra Bidart , Cools Freya , Vanhoutte Bieke , Gorbanev Yury , Bogaerts Annemie , Verschaeve Luc , Caljon Guy , Maes Louis , Delputte Peter , Cos Paul , Košmrlj Janez , Cappoen Davie 
Published: August 2017

The diverse pharmacological properties of the diaryltriazenes have sparked the interest to investigate their potential to be repurposed as antitubercular drug candidates. In an attempt to improve the antitubercular activity of a previously constructed diaryltriazene library, eight new halogenated nitroaromatic triazenides were synthesized and underwent biological evaluation. The potency of the series was confirmed against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis lab strain H37Ra, and for the most potent derivative, we observed a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.85 μm. The potency of the triazenide derivatives against M. tuberculosis H37Ra was found to be highly dependent on the nature of the halogenated phenyl substituent and less dependent on cationic species used for the preparation of the salts. Although the inhibitory concentration against J774A.1 macrophages was observed at 3.08 μm, the cellular toxicity was not mediated by the generation of nitroxide intermediate as confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, whereas no in vitro mutagenicity could be observed for the new halogenated nitroaromatic triazenides when a trifluoromethyl substituent was present on both the aryl moieties.
Bone markers in polycystic ovary syndrome: A multicentre study
Authors: Lingaiah Shilpa , Morin‐Papunen Laure , Piltonen Terhi , Puurunen Johanna , Sundström‐Poromaa Inger , Stener‐Victorin Elisabet , Bloigu Risto , Risteli Juha , Tapanainen Juha S. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryObjectiveHyperandrogenism, hyperinsulinaemia and obesity, known characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), may influence bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone turnover (BTMs) can provide a noninvasive assessment of bone turnover. To this end, the serum concentrations of BTMs and 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) were analysed in women with PCOS, and their possible associations with metabolic parameters of PCOS were determined.Subjects and methodsBone formation markers procollagen type I amino‐terminal propeptide (PINP) and osteocalcin (OC), and bone resorption marker carboxy‐terminal cross‐linking telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), along with 25OHD, were measured in 298 women with PCOS and 194 healthy controls.ResultsSerum levels of PINP (47.0 ± 20.2 vs 58.1 ± 28.6 μg/L, P < .001) and OC (18.2 ± 7.5 vs 20.6 ± 9.8 μg/L, P < .001) were decreased in women with PCOS compared with controls, whereas no significant differences were found in CTX and 25OHD levels. Age‐stratified analyses suggested that PINP (50.5 ± 21.7 vs 68.2 ± 26.6 μg/L, P < .001) and OC levels (20.4 ± 7.6 vs 25.5 ± 9.6 μg/L, P < .001) were decreased only in the younger age group (≤30 years) women with PCOS compared with controls. The formation markers and resorption marker decreased with age in both study groups.ConclusionsBone formation markers were decreased in younger women with PCOS when compared with healthy women, which may affect bone mass in these women.
Crop Yield Response to Climate Variables on Dryland versus Irrigated Lands
Authors: Lu Wei , Adamowicz Wiktor , Jeffrey Scott R. , Goss Greg G. , Faramarzi Monireh 
Published: August 2017

Key Points
We examine the response of barley, canola, and spring wheat yields to a set of climate variables on both dryland and irrigated lands in southern Alberta, Canada.
We find that warming and increased precipitation tend to increase crop yields on dryland, increased precipitation in June and July tends to show opposite effects on crop yields on irrigated lands.
Based on regional climate change projection scenarios, we find that climate change decreases crop yields for all the three crops under dryland production. However, yields of canola and spring wheat under irrigation are slightly increased.
Few researchers have examined the impact of climate change on irrigated agriculture and crop production. This may be due to an assumption by researchers that irrigation management can offset impacts of climate change. We investigate this issue by examining the response of barley, canola, and spring wheat yields to a set of climate variables on both dryland and irrigated lands in southern Alberta, Canada, with a panel data set at the county level from 1983 to 2007. Our results suggest that warming and increased precipitation tend to increase dryland crop yields, while increased precipitation in June and July tends to show opposite effects on crop yields on irrigated lands. Based on regional projected climate change scenarios, we find that climate change decreases crop yields for all the three crops under dryland production. However, yields of canola and spring wheat under irrigation are increased slightly.Peu de chercheurs se sont penchés sur les impacts des changements climatiques sur l'agriculture irriguée et le rendement des cultures. Il se pourrait que ce soit parce que les chercheurs supposent que les régimes d'irrigation peuvent neutralise les impacts des changements climatiques. Nous examinons cet enjeu en étudiant le rendement de l'orge, du canola et du blé de printemps en fonction de variables climatiques à la fois en sols arides et en sols irrigués au sud de l'Alberta, au Canada avec un ensemble de données de panel provenant des comtés de 1983 à 2007. Les résultats démontrent que le réchauffement et l'augmentation des précipitations semblent accroître le rendement des sols arides mais que cette dernière, lorsqu'elle survient en juin ou juillet, semble engendrer l'effet contraire sur le rendement en sols irrigués. Nous constatons, selon les scénarios hypothétiques de changements climatiques régionaux, une diminution du rendement agricole pour les trois cultures en sols arides. Par contre, le rendement des cultures de canola et de blé de printemps en sols irrigués augmenterait légèrement.
Efficiency of the Lung Flute for sputum induction in patients with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Sakashita Kentaro , Fujita Akira , Takamori Mikio , Nagai Takayuki , Matsumoto Tomoshige , Saito Takefumi , Nakagawa Taku , Ogawa Kenji , Shigeto Eriko , Nakatsumi Yasuto , Goto Hajime , Mitarai Satoshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionHigh quality sputum helps increase the sensitivity of the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis.ObjectivesTo evaluate the efficiency of the acoustic device (Lung Flute; LF) in sputum induction compared with the conventional method, hypertonic saline inhalation (HSI).MethodsIn this crossover study, patients with presumed pulmonary tuberculosis submitted 3 consecutive sputa: the first sputum without induction and the second and third ones using LF and HSI. We compared the efficiency of the 2 induction methods.ResultsSixty‐four participants were eligible. Thirty‐five (54.6%) patients had negative smears on the first sputum without induction. Among those patients, 25.7% and 22.9% patients were smear‐positive after using LF and HSI, respectively (P = .001). The positive conversion rate was not significantly different between the methods. The first samples without induction yielded 65.7% positive cultures, whereas 71.4% and 77.1% of the samples from LF and HSI were positive, respectively (P = .284). Similar results were observed in the nucleic acid amplification test [no induction (60.0%), LF (72.0%) and HSI (60.0%); P = .341]. In 29 smear‐positive patients on the first sputum without induction, we observed no significant increase in smear grade, culture yield and nucleic acid amplification test positivity with either method. LF tended to induce fewer adverse events; desaturation (3.1% vs 11.1%; P = .082) and throat pain (1.5% vs 9.5%; P = .057). LF showed significantly fewer total adverse events (15.8% vs 34.9%; P = .023).ConclusionsOur study showed LF had similar sputum induction efficiency to HSI with relatively fewer complications.
Two penetrating vessels as a novel indicator of the appropriate distal end of peroral endoscopic myotomy
Authors: Tanaka Shinwa , Kawara Fumiaki , Toyonaga Takashi , Inoue Haruhiro , Bechara Robert , Hoshi Namiko , Abe Hirohumi , Ohara Yoshiko , Ishida Tsukasa , Morita Yoshinori , Umegaki Eiji 
Published: August 2017

Background and AimOne of the challenges during peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) is ensuring the appropriate length of myotomy on the gastric side. To determine the appropriate distal end of the gastric myotomy, we focused on the two penetrating vessels (TPVs) found in the gastric cardia during POEM. In the present study, we evaluated whether the TPVs could serve as an accurate indicator of the appropriate distal end of the gastric myotomy.MethodsAll patients who underwent POEM between March and August 2016 were included for this study. When making the submucosal tunnel in the 5 o'clock direction into the stomach, two vessels penetrating through the circular muscle along the edge of oblique muscle in the cardia can be exposed. We designated these two vessels as TPVs. The myotomy was extended until the second TPVs was exposed. The anal end of the submucosal tunnel was confirmed by the double‐scope POEM technique, and the length from the gastroesophageal junction to the anal side end of the myotomy was measured by the scale on the endoscope.ResultsAmong 37 patients who underwent myotomy in the 5 o'clock position, TPVs were found in 34 patients (91.2%). Sufficient submucosal tunneling on the gastric side was confirmed by the double‐scope POEM technique in these 34 patients. Median length of the gastric myotomy was 3.0 cm (range 2–4 cm).ConclusionTPVs appears to be a simple and reliable indicator to determine the appropriate distal end of myotomy.
Electron microscopic observations of sooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves
Authors: Kim J. , Kim K. W. 
Published: August 2017

SummarySooty moulds on crape myrtle leaves were investigated using light and electron microscopy. The adaxial leaf surface was distinctly covered with soot‐like masses of dark brown hyphae and conidia. The main characteristics of the sooty moulds included stauroconidia, conidial clusters, hyphal degeneration and extracellular melanin depositions. Some conidia were round, measured ~10 μm in diameter, and mostly one‐septate; others were branched and multiseptate (stauroconidia). Based on their morphology, the sooty moulds were determined to consist of several component fungal species belonging to genera such as Antennaria, Metacapnodium and Tripospermum. Enclosed in electron‐dense melanin layers, hyphae and conidial clusters had concentric bodies exhibiting electron‐transparent cores and electron‐dense shells with fibrillar sheaths. Concentric bodies are hypothesized to function as multilayer lipid‐encapsulated nanobubbles or eukaryotic gas vesicles for cytoplasmic volume control. Intrahyphal hyphae possessed electron‐dense cytoplasm and lipid globules. These results suggest that sooty moulds are equipped with melanized cell walls, multicelled resting structures, hyphal regeneration, intrahyphal growth and gas vesicles to adapt to their xeric phylloplane environment. Condensed and elongated starch granules in the chloroplasts of mesophyll tissues may indicate the acclimation of the sooty leaf regions to light reduction and temperature increase.
Back to the future in a petri dish: Origin and impact of resurrected microbes in natural populations
Authors: Houwenhuyse Shira , Macke Emilie , Reyserhove Lien , Bulteel Lore , Decaestecker Ellen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCurrent natural populations face new interactions because of the re‐emergence of ancient microbes and viruses. These risks come from the re‐emergence of pathogens kept in laboratories or from pathogens that are retained in the permafrost, which become available upon thawing due to climate change. We here focus on the effects of such re‐emergence in natural host populations based on evolutionary theory of virulence and long‐term studies, which investigate host–pathogen adaptations. Pathogens tend to be locally and temporally adapted to their co‐occurring hosts, but when pathogens from a different environment or different time enter the host community, the degree to which a new host–pathogen interaction is a threat will depend on the specific genotypic associations, the time lag between the host and the pathogen, and the interactions with native or recent host and pathogen species. Some insights can be obtained from long‐term studies using a resurrection ecology approach. These long‐term studies based on time‐shift experiments are essential to obtain insight into the mechanisms underlying host–pathogen coevolution at several ecological and temporal scales. As past pathogens and their corresponding host(s) can differ in infectivity and susceptibility, strong reciprocal selective pressures can be induced by the pathogen. These strong selective pressures often result in an escalating arms race, but do not necessarily result in increased infectivity over time. Human health can also be impacted by these resurrected pathogens as the majority of emerging infectious diseases are zoonoses, which are infectious diseases originating from animal populations naturally transmitted to humans. The sanitary risk associated with pathogen emergence from different environments (spatial or temporal) depends on a combination of socioeconomic, environmental, and ecological factors that affect the virulence or the pathogenic potential of microbes and their ability to infect susceptible host populations.
Yellow fat disease (steatitis) in 20 equids: Description of clinical and ultrasonographic findings
Authors: Paulussen E. , Lefère L. , Bauwens C. , Broux B. , De Clercq D. , van Loon G. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryDiagnosis of steatitis can be challenging due to nonspecific clinical signs and ultrasonography might be a useful aid for making a diagnosis. The objective of this retrospective clinical case study was to describe history, clinical signs, ultrasonographic findings, treatment and outcome in equids with steatitis. The medical records of all equids presented to the Department of Large Animal Internal Medicine, Ghent University between January 2008 and December 2015 were reviewed retrospectively to identify horses suffering from steatitis. A total of 20 cases with steatitis were reviewed. History included dullness, recumbency, decreased appetite and weight loss. Fever, ventral oedema, stiff/painful gait and a painful neck were found. Low haematocrit, low vitamin E and selenium and increased levels of creatinine kinase and particularly lactate dehydrogenase were almost consistent findings. On ultrasound, ventral oedema was found. Ventral extraperitoneal, perirenal, mesenteric, coronary and caudal mediastinal fat showed homogenously increased echogenicity. The ventral extraperitoneal fat in particular was surrounded by oedema or free fluid. Increased amounts of abdominal, thoracic and pericardial fluid were often found. Fat biopsies were taken in the neck, or from the ventral extraperitoneal fat in the ventral flank. Steatitis was confirmed in all horses where a fat biopsy was taken (n = 13). Treatment consisted of selenium and vitamin E (intramuscular injection followed by oral treatment) supplementation and anti‐inflammatory treatment (dexamethasone or prednisolone parenteral or oral) for at least 1–4 weeks. A total of 15 animals (75%) survived. Full recovery took about 2–6 months. In conclusion, steatitis is an uncommon disease in young horses usually seen during winter. It may be underdiagnosed because of nonspecific clinical signs. Ultrasonography is a useful aid for the diagnosis of yellow fat disease based upon the increased echogenicity of ventral extraperitoneal, perirenal, mesenteric, coronary and caudal mediastinal fat and increased amount of surrounding fluid.