bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of interactive chemistry of stratospheric ozone on Southern Hemisphere paleoclimate simulation
Authors: Noda Satoshi , Kodera Kunihiko , Adachi Yukimasa , Deushi Makoto , Kitoh Akio , Mizuta Ryo , Murakami Shigenori , Yoshida Kohei , Yoden Shigeo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA series of numerical simulations of the mid‐Holocene (6 kyr B.P.) climate are performed by using an Earth System Model of the Meteorological Research Institute of the Japan Meteorological Agency to investigate the impact of stratospheric ozone distribution, which is modulated by the change in orbital elements of the Earth, on the surface climate. The results of interactive ozone chemistry calculations for the mid‐Holocene and preindustrial periods are compared with those of the corresponding experiments in the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), in which the ozone distribution was prescribed to the 1850 Common Era level. The contribution of the interactive ozone chemistry in a quasi‐equilibrium state reveals a significant anomaly of up to +1.7 K in the Antarctic region for the annual mean zonal mean surface air temperature. This impact on the surface climate is explained by a similar mechanism to the cooling influence of the Antarctic ozone hole but opposite in sign: Weakening of the westerly jet associated with the Southern Annular Mode provides weakening of equatorward ocean surface current, sea ice retreat, and then warm sea surface temperature and surface air temperature. All the mid‐Holocene runs by CMIP5 models with the prescribed ozone had cold bias in sea surface temperature when compared with geological proxy data, whereas the bias is reduced in our simulations by using interactive ozone chemistry. We recommend that climate models include interactive sea ice and ozone distribution that are consistent with paleosolar insolation.
Quantifying the low bias of CALIPSO's column aerosol optical depth due to undetected aerosol layers
Authors: Kim Man‐Hae , Omar Ali H. , Vaughan Mark A. , Winker David M. , Trepte Charles R. , Hu Yongxiang , Liu Zhaoyan , Kim Sang‐Woo 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data processing scheme only retrieves extinction profiles in those portions of the return signal where cloud or aerosol layers have been identified by the CALIOP layer detection scheme. In this study we use 2 years of CALIOP and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data to quantify the aerosol optical depth of undetected weakly backscattering layers. Aerosol extinction and column‐averaged lidar ratio is retrieved from CALIOP level 1B (version 4) profile using MODIS aerosol optical depth (AOD) as a constraint over oceans from March 2013 to February 2015. To quantify the undetected layer AOD (ULA), an unconstrained retrieval is applied globally using a lidar ratio of 28.75 sr estimated from constrained retrievals during the daytime over the ocean. We find a global mean ULA of 0.031 ± 0.052. There is no significant difference in ULA between land and ocean. However, the fraction of undetected aerosol layers rises considerably during daytime, when the large amount of solar background noise lowers the signal‐to‐noise ratio. For this reason, there is a difference in ULA between day (0.036 ± 0.066) and night (0.025 ± 0.021). ULA is larger in the northern hemisphere and relatively larger at high latitudes. Large ULA for the polar regions is strongly related to the cases where the CALIOP level 2 product reports zero AOD. This study provides an estimate of the complement of AOD that is not detected by lidar and bounds the CALIOP AOD uncertainty to provide corrections for science studies that employ the CALIOP level 2 AOD.
Investigation of gust‐seismic relationships and applications to gust detection
Authors: Hu W. , Pryor S. C. , Letson F. , Tytell J. , Barthelmie R. J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSeismic and wind data from 27 stations are used to evaluate the generalizability of gust‐seismic response functions and determine whether gust occurrence and magnitudes can be retrieved from seismic time series. Using wavelet analyses it is shown that there is a well‐defined gust signature in a seismic frequency band of 0.01 Hz–0.1 Hz. The magnitude of this seismic response scales with the wind gust magnitude, so a gust‐seismic relationship is developed using a least‐squares polynomial fit wherein the variance of the acceleration of the horizontal seismic components is related to the gust intensity. A new gust detection method is then developed using the threshold obtained from the polynomial fit. Contingency tables indicate that the average proportion correct and hit rates for gust detection are 84% and 80%, respectively. This approach could be applied to high‐resolution seismic arrays to detect, characterize, and quantify wind gusts with unprecedented spatial and temporal details.
Die Methyltransferase‐gesteuerte Markierung von Biomolekülen und ihre Anwendungen
Authors: Deen Jochem , Vranken Charlotte , Leen Volker , Neely Robert K. , Janssen Kris P. F. , Hofkens Johan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMethyltransferasen (MTasen) bilden eine große Familie von Enzymen, die vielfältige Zielstrukturen methylieren, von DNA, RNA und Proteinen bis zu niedermolekularen Verbindungen. Die meisten MTasen nutzen S‐Adenosyl‐l‐methionin (AdoMet) als Methylquelle. In den letzten Jahren wurde intensiv an der Entwicklung von AdoMet‐Analoga gearbeitet, mit dem Ziel, andere Einheiten als einfache Methylgruppen zu übertragen. Derzeit gibt es zwei Hauptklassen von AdoMet‐Analoga – doppelt aktivierte Moleküle und Moleküle auf Aziridinbasis – die jeweils einen anderen Ansatz zur Transalkylierung des Zielmoleküls verfolgen. Dieser Aufsatz erörtert die Methoden zur Markierung und Funktionalisierung von Biomolekülen unter Verwendung von AdoMet‐abhängigen MTasen und AdoMet‐Analoga. Er behandelt die Synthesewege hin zu AdoMet‐Analoga, die Stabilität von AdoMet‐Analoga in biologischen Umgebungen und ihre Anwendung in Transalkylierungen. Schließlich werden einige Perspektiven für die Anwendung von AdoMet‐Analoga in der biologischen Forschung, Genetik oder Epigenetik und Nanotechnologie aufgezeigt.
Bis(Cyclic Alkyl Amino Carbene) Ruthenium Complexes: A Versatile, Highly Efficient Tool for Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Gawin Rafał , Kozakiewicz Anna , Guńka Piotr A. , Dąbrowski Paweł , Skowerski Krzysztof 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe state‐of‐the‐art in olefin metathesis is application of N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC)‐containing ruthenium alkylidenes for the formation of internal C=C bonds and of cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC)‐containing ruthenium benzylidenes in the production of terminal olefins. A straightforward synthesis of bis(CAAC)Ru indenylidene complexes, which are highly effective in the formation of both terminal and internal C=C bonds at loadings as low as 1 ppm, is now reported.
Methyltransferase‐Directed Labeling of Biomolecules and its Applications
Authors: Deen Jochem , Vranken Charlotte , Leen Volker , Neely Robert K. , Janssen Kris P. F. , Hofkens Johan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMethyltransferases (MTases) form a large family of enzymes that methylate a diverse set of targets, ranging from the three major biopolymers to small molecules. Most of these MTases use the cofactor S‐adenosyl‐l‐Methionine (AdoMet) as a methyl source. In recent years, there have been significant efforts toward the development of AdoMet analogues with the aim of transferring moieties other than simple methyl groups. Two major classes of AdoMet analogues currently exist: doubly‐activated molecules and aziridine based molecules, each of which employs a different approach to achieve transalkylation rather than transmethylation. In this review, we discuss the various strategies for labelling and functionalizing biomolecules using AdoMet‐dependent MTases and AdoMet analogues. We cover the synthetic routes to AdoMet analogues, their stability in biological environments and their application in transalkylation reactions. Finally, some perspectives are presented for the potential use of AdoMet analogues in biology research, (epi)genetics and nanotechnology.
Ionic iron(III) complexes bearing a dialkylbenzimidazolium cation: Efficient catalysts for magnesium‐mediated cross‐couplings of aryl phosphates with alkyl bromides
Authors: Li Zhuang , Lu Bing , Sun Hongmei , Shen Qi , Zhang Yong 
Published: December 2016

A series of ionic iron(III) complexes of general formula [HLn][FeX4] (HL1 = 1,3‐dibenzylbenzimidazolium cation, X = Cl, 1; HL1, X = Br, 2; HL2 = 1,3‐dibutylbenzimidazolium cation, X = Br, 3; HL3 = 1,3‐bis(diphenylmethyl)benzimidazolium cation, X = Br, 4) were easily prepared in high yields by the direct reaction of FeX3 with 1 equiv. of [HLn]X under mild conditions. All of them were characterized using elemental analysis, Raman spectroscopy and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and X‐ray crystallography for 1 and 4. In the presence of magnesium turnings and LiCl, these air‐ and moisture‐insensitive complexes showed high catalytic activities in direct cross‐couplings of aryl phosphates with primary and secondary alkyl bromides with broad substrate scope, wherein complex 4 was the most effective.
A comparison of scanning methods and the vertical control implications for scanning probe microscopy
Authors: Teo Yik R. , Yong Yuen , Fleming Andrew J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article compares the imaging performance of non‐traditional scanning patterns for scanning probe microscopy including sinusoidal raster, spiral, and Lissajous patterns. The metrics under consideration include the probe velocity, scanning frequency, and required sampling rate. The probe velocity is investigated in detail as this quantity is proportional to the required bandwidth of the vertical feedback loop and has a major impact on image quality. By considering a sample with an impulsive Fourier transform, the effect of scanning trajectories on imaging quality can be observed and quantified. The non‐linear trajectories are found to spread the topography signal bandwidth which has important implications for both low and high‐speed imaging. These effects are studied analytically and demonstrated experimentally with a periodic calibration grating.
Stabilization of Coupled ODE‐PDE System with Intermediate Point and Spatially Varying Effects Interconnection
Authors: Yuan Yuanlong , Shen Zhengwei , Liao Fucheng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the stabilization analysis problem of a bi‐directional coupled ODE‐PDE system is proposed. The spatially varying coefficient and the intermediate point interaction between the subsystems makes the coupled system more representative. An invertible infinite‐dimensional backstepping transformation is introducted to bring the original system into an exponentially stable target system. By employing the backstepping method, the kernel functions in the transformations are worked out under some assumptions of the spatially varying coefficient. Then, an explicit state‐feedback law is designed and the exponential stability of the transformed closed‐loop system has been also discussed. Finally, numerical simulation is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design.
Integrated optimization of bus priority operations in connected vehicle environment
Authors: Wu Wei , Ma Wanjing , Long Kejun , Wang Yinhai 
Published: December 2016

SummaryMost previous works associated with transit signal priority merely focus on the optimization of signal timings, ignoring both bus speed and dwell time at bus stops. This paper presents a novel approach to optimize the holding time at bus stops, signal timings, and bus speed to provide priority to buses at isolated intersections. The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the weighted average vehicle delays of the intersection, which includes both bus delay and impact on nearby intersection traffic, ensuring that buses clear these intersections without being stopped by a red light. A set of formulations are developed to explicitly capture the interaction between bus speed, bus holding time, and transit priority signal timings. Experimental analysis is used to show that the proposed model has minimal negative impacts on general traffic and outperforms the no priority, signal priority only, and signal priority with holding control strategies (no bus speed adjustment) in terms of reducing average bus delays and stops. A sensitivity analysis further demonstrates the potential of the proposed approach to be applied to bus priority control systems in real‐time under different traffic demands, bus stop locations, and maximum speed limits. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Kind of Fireproof, Flexible, Inorganic, Nanocomposite Paper and Its Application to the Protection Layer in Flame‐Retardant Fiber‐Optic Cables
Authors: Dong Li‐Ying , Zhu Ying‐Jie 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAn innovative method for making a new kind of highly flexible, fireproof, inorganic, nanocomposite paper made from glass fibers (GFs) coated with network‐structured hydroxyapatite ultralong nanowires (NS‐HANWs) is reported. The NS‐HANW/GF paper is fireproof, high‐temperature resistant, highly flexible, highly exquisite, and smooth, which is comparable to high‐quality advanced coated paper. The most incredible characteristic of the NS‐HANW/GF paper is its incombustibility. The as‐prepared NS‐HANW/GF paper, with the addition of optimized inorganic additives, has high mechanical properties (tensile strength ≈16 MPa) and the tensile strength is nearly 15 times that of GF paper. In addition, the NS‐HANW/GF paper exhibits a high biocompatibility, owing to the coating effect of NS‐HANWs on GFs. Thermal analysis indicates that the NS‐HANW/GF paper has high thermal stability at high temperatures up to 1000 °C. Competitive to conventional insulation materials, the NS‐HANW/GF paper exhibits a low thermal conductivity and excellent heat insulation performance. Experiments show that the NS‐HANW/GF paper is promising for application in the protection layer of fire‐retardant fiber‐optic cable. The NS‐HANW/GF paper can also be used as printing, copying, or writing paper; nonflammable China paper; fire‐retardant wallpaper; specialty fireproof paper; and so on.
Divergent Reactivity of In Situ Generated Metal Azides: Reaction with N,N‐Bis(oxy)enamines as a Case Study
Authors: Zhmurov Petr A. , Khoroshutina Yulia A. , Novikov Roman A. , Golovanov Ivan S. , Sukhorukov Alexey Yu. , Ioffe Sema L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMetal azides generated in situ by ion exchange exhibit divergent reactivity in reaction with cyclic N‐alkoxy,N‐siloxy‐enamines. Depending on the nature of metal and the [M]/N3− ratio, addition of the azide ion to the C,C‐double bond proceeds with regioselective cleavage of either exo‐ or endo‐cyclic N−O bond leading to cyclic or open‐chain α‐azidooxime derivatives, respectively. Mechanistic studies in combination with solvent state FTIR spectroscopy and DFT calculations revealed that covalently bound metal azides (Co, Cu, Zn) transfer N3− anion to the C,C‐double bond through a Lewis acid‐assisted SN′ substitution of trialkylsilyloxy‐group. More ionic metal azides (N1, Mg, Al, Sc, Ni, Yb) tend to react by initial nucleophilic attack of N3− anion on the silicon atom generating conjugated nitrosoalkenes. α‐Azidooxime derivatives prepared by using the designed protocols were stereoselectively reduced to valuable 1,2‐diaminoalcohols bearing up to four contiguous stereogenic centers. By reducing the α‐azidooxime fragment in a stepwise manner site‐selective protection and reductive amination of each of the emerging primary amino groups was achieved.
Heteromultimetallic Complexes with Redox‐Active Mesoionic Carbenes: Control of Donor Properties and Redox‐Induced Catalysis
Authors: Hettmanczyk Lara , Suntrup Lisa , Klenk Sinja , Hoyer Carolin , Sarkar Biprajit 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Biprajit Sarkar at the Free University Berlin. The image depicts a gold mesoionic carbene complex that is inactive in the reduced form and is an active catalyst in the oxidized form. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201604615.
Chitosan/sericin blend membranes for adsorption of bovine serum albumin
Authors: Du Jennifer Runhong , Su Xiao , Feng Xianshe 
Published: December 2016

AbstractChitosan/sericin blend membranes for adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated. A preliminary screening test was carried out to identify a suitable chitosan/sericin blend ratio. The blend membrane with a chitosan/sericin mass ratio of 4:1 was found to have a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 25.3 g/m2, which is 45 % greater than the maximum adsorption capacity of the pure chitosan membrane. The adsorption‐desorption cycle studies showed that the chitosan/sericin blend affinity membrane could be reused, and over 80 % of the original adsorption capacity was retained after regeneration. Compared to other affinity membranes for BSA adsorption, the chitosan/sericin membrane exhibited a significantly high adsorption capacity with a comparable adsorption rate.
Testing the Social Innovation Construct: An Empirical Approach to Align Socially Oriented Objectives, Stakeholder Engagement, and Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Segarra‐Oña Marival , Peiró‐Signes Angel , Albors‐Garrigós José , Miguel‐Molina Blanca De 
Published: December 2016

AbstractInnovation is not just an economic and or technological tool; it is also a social phenomenon. This paper draws together the concepts of creating shared value, the stakeholder theory, and socially oriented innovation to research companies' decisions on asserting socially related objectives when innovating. We examine the extent to which this decision process is bounded by constraints related to information and the characteristics of innovation. To perform this study we used a dataset that monitors the innovation activities of companies. This study offers an empirical analysis of the influence on firms' social innovation orientation. The empirical analysis supports the theoretical framework and identifies the firm's community links as key factors in developing new innovations, process and product‐oriented, which have an impact on the social‐innovation orientation of the firm. Additionally, it shows how the setting up of social goals when innovating is affected by the information source and the innovation mode being developed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Covalent Surface Modification of Gallium Arsenide Photocathodes for Water Splitting in Highly Acidic Electrolyte
Authors: Garner Logan E. , Steirer K. Xerxes , Young James L. , Anderson Nicholas C. , Miller Elisa M. , Tinkham Jonathan S. , Deutsch Todd G. , Sellinger Alan , Turner John A. , Neale Nathan R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractEfficient water splitting using light as the only energy input requires stable semiconductor electrodes with favorable energetics for the water‐oxidation and proton‐reduction reactions. Strategies to tune electrode potentials using molecular dipoles adsorbed to the semiconductor surface have been pursued for decades but are often based on weak interactions and quickly react to desorb the molecule under conditions relevant to sustained photoelectrolysis. Here, we show that covalent attachment of fluorinated, aromatic molecules to p‐GaAs(1 0 0) surfaces can be employed to tune the photocurrent onset potentials of p‐GaAs(1 0 0) photocathodes and reduce the external energy required for water splitting. Results indicate that initial photocurrent onset potentials can be shifted by nearly 150 mV in pH −0.5 electrolyte under 1 Sun (1000 W m−2) illumination resulting from the covalently bound surface dipole. Though X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis reveals that the covalent molecular dipole attachment is not robust under extended 50 h photoelectrolysis, the modified surface delays arsenic oxide formation that results in a p‐GaAs(1 0 0) photoelectrode operating at a sustained photocurrent density of −20.5 mA cm−2 within −0.5 V of the reversible hydrogen electrode.
Production of p‐Methylstyrene and p‐Divinylbenzene from Furanic Compounds
Authors: Koehle Maura , Saraçi Erisa , Dauenhauer Paul , Lobo Raul F. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA four‐step catalytic process was developed to produce p‐methylstyrene from methylfuran, a biomass‐derived species. First, methylfuran was acylated over zeolite H‐Beta with acetic anhydride. Second, the acetyl group was reduced to an ethyl group with hydrogen over copper chromite. Third, p‐ethyltoluene was formed through Diels–Alder cycloaddition and dehydration of 2‐ethyl‐5‐methyl‐furan with ethylene over zeolite H‐Beta. Dehydrogenation of p‐ethyltoluene to yield p‐methylstyrene completes the synthesis but was not investigated because it is a known process. The first two steps were accomplished in high yield (>88 %) and the Diels–Alder step resulted in a 67 % yield of p‐ethyltoluene with a 99.5 % selectivity to the para isomer (final yield of 53.5 %). The methodology was also used for the preparation of p‐divinylbenzene. It is shown that acylation of furans over H‐Beta zeolites is a highly selective and high‐yield reaction that could be used to produce other valuable molecules from biomass‐derived furans.
Ultrasensitive Electrochemiluminescence Biosensor for mRNA Based on Polymerase Assisted Signal Amplification
Authors: Zhou F. Y. , Hai H. , Yuan Y. L. , Li J. P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA novel biosensor for ultra‐trace mRNA sensing was constructed based on isothermal circular strand‐replacement polymerization (CSRP) to amplify the electrochmeiluminescence (ECL) signal by combining quantum dots (CdTe) as luminophore. After the hairpin‐like capture DNA was opened by hybridization with target mRNA, the additive primer (DNA1) was able to get access to its complementary sequence which is partially belong to the stem part and triggered a polymerization of DNA strand, leading to the release of target mRNA and another polymerization cycle. The remaining sequence of the stem part continued to hybridize with QDs labeled DNA, accomplishing ECL signal amplification. Target mRNA could be specifically assayed with a linear relationship between the signal intensity and the logarithm of concentrations of target DNA in the range of 1.0×10−14∼5.0×10−10 M, with a low detection limit of 1.4×10−15 M. The signal could discriminate perfect matched target mRNA from 1‐base mismatch sequence. This proposed ECL biosensor exhibited an efficient performance in serum sample, opening new opportunities for genetic target analysis in diagnostic and clinic biomedical fields.