bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infections caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria in an equine hospital (2012–2015)
Authors: van Spijk J. N. , Schmitt S. , Schoster A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMultidrug‐resistant (MDR) bacteria are an emerging threat in human and veterinary medicine. There are few reports about infections caused by MDR isolates in horses. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of infections caused by MDR bacteria at the Equine Hospital Zurich between 2012 and 2015. Medical records were searched for horses with confirmed MDR bacterial infection. Multidrug resistance was defined according to human guidelines specific for each pathogen. MDR isolates were most commonly isolated from post‐procedural infections (53/110, 48%), followed by musculoskeletal (16/110, 15%) and soft tissue infections (16/110, 15%). Escherichia coli (32/158, 20%) and Staphylococcus aureus (25/158, 16%) were the most common isolates. High resistance rates precluded therapy with commonly used antimicrobial drugs. The overall mortality rate was 20% (22/108) but depended on the localisation of the infection. Antimicrobial treatment prior to development of infection was reported for 89% (91/102) of horses. This study showed that MDR pathogens, mainly MDR E. coli and MRSA, cause a considerable number of infections in horses. A wide range of infections was seen, however, nosocomial infections predominated. These cases are typically hospitalised, pretreated with antibiotics, and suffering from comorbidities putting them at high‐risk for acquiring infections caused by MDR isolates. The mortality of such infections was generally low but depended on site of infection.
Efficacy of a rubber bristles interdental cleaner compared to an interdental brush on dental plaque, gingival bleeding and gingival abrasion: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hennequin‐Hoenderdos NL , van der Sluijs E , van der Weijden GA , Slot DE 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo determine the efficacy of a rubber bristles interdental cleaner (RBIC) compared to an interdental brush (IDB) in reducing gingivitis and additionally to evaluate participants' attitudes and possible side effects.Material and MethodsThe study was a 2‐treatment, parallel, split‐mouth, examiner‐blind RCT, evaluating the reversal of experimental gingivitis. In total, 42 systemically healthy volunteers were recruited that were currently non‐users of interdental cleaning devices. After familiarization and prophylaxis, participants refrained from brushing mandibular teeth for 21 days, followed by 4‐week product use of the assigned interdental cleaning device as adjunct to manual toothbrushing. Bleeding on marginal probing (BOMP), dental plaque index score (PI) and gingival abrasion score (GAs) were assessed in the lower jaw.ResultsOverall, no statistically significant differences between the RBIC and IDB in reducing BOMP and PI were obtained. Analysing the sites that were accessible for the RBIC/IDB only showed that the sites treated with the RBIC had significantly less BOMP after 4 weeks (P = .009). The RBIC also caused less GAs (P => .016) and was considered more pleasurable to use by the participants (P = .0001).ConclusionsIn accessible sites, the RBIC, in conjunction with manual toothbrushing, was found to be more effective in reducing gingival inflammation after 4 weeks. The RBIC caused less abrasion of the gingiva and was appreciated more by the participants.
Mucocutaneous manifestations in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients in Nouakchott, Mauritania
Authors: Boushab Boushab M. , Malick Fall Fatim‐Zahra , Ould Cheikh Mohamed Vadel Taleb K. , Ould Cheikh Melaïnine Mohamed L. , Maazouz Mohamed V. , Savadogo Mamoudou , Basco Leonardo K. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundMucocutaneous manifestations are one of the first clinical signs in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previous study describing dermatologic manifestations in Mauritanians infected with HIV. The aim of the present study was to determine the profiles of mucocutaneous manifestations in relation to CD4 T cell count in HIV‐positive Mauritanian patients.MethodsA total of 86 adult patients aged > 18 years old attending the Ambulatory Treatment Center of the National Hospital of Nouakchott, Mauritania, with newly diagnosed HIV and who were not under antiretroviral treatment were included in the study in 2015. Dermatologic manifestations were documented before initiating antiretroviral treatment.ResultsMost of the included patients were in clinical stage 3 of the World Health Organization classification at initial diagnosis, with the mean CD4 T cell count (± SD) of 514 ± 319 cells/mm3 (range, 2–1328 cells/mm3), and 19 of 86 (22.1%) patients had CD4 T cell counts below 200 cells/mm3. More than half (64%) of newly diagnosed HIV‐infected patients had dermatoses, including the following: pruritic papular eruption (44.2%), seborrheic dermatitis (4.7%), Kaposi's sarcoma (3.5%), extensive xerosis cutis (2.3%), drug‐induced skin reactions (1.2%), and various infectious dermatoses (dermatophyte infections [16.3%], oral candidiasis [11.6%], herpes zoster [8.1%], and scabies [2.3%]). A low CD4 T cell count (< 200 cells/mm3) was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with the presence of following dermatoses: dermatophytosis, oral candidiasis, Kaposi's sarcoma, seborrheic dermatitis, and extensive xerosis cutis.ConclusionMucocutaneous lesions occur throughout the course of HIV infection, and dermatologic findings in Mauritanian HIV‐positive patients are similar to those of patients in other countries. Early detection of skin disorders in some patients may help establish the diagnosis of HIV and management of HIV‐associated diseases, limiting the cost of care in low‐resource countries.
Body dysmorphic disorder in female Swedish dermatology patients
Authors: Brohede Sabina , Wyon Yvonne , Wingren Gun , Wijma Barbro , Wijma Klaas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are highly distressed and impaired owing to perceived defects in their physical appearance that are not noticeable to others. They are frequently concerned about their skin and often present to dermatologists rather than psychiatrists. However,BDDpatients attending dermatology clinics may be at risk of not receiving an appropriate assessment and beneficial treatment. The aims of this study were to estimate theBDDprevalence rate among Swedish female dermatology patients and to assess the psychological condition ofBDDpatients compared to that of other dermatology patients.MethodsThe occurrence ofBDDwas estimated using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire (BDDQ), a validated self‐report measure forBDD. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were measured by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and quality of life was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI).ResultsThe prevalence rate ofBDDamong female Swedish dermatology patients was 4.9% (95%CI3.2–7.4). Anxiety (HADSA ≥ 11) was 4‐fold more commonly reported by patients with positiveBDDscreening (48% vs. 11%), and depression (HADSD ≥ 11) was over 10‐fold more common in patients with positiveBDDscreening (19% vs. 1.8%) (P < 0.001). The medianDLQIscore was 18 in theBDDgroup, compared to a score of 4 in the non‐BDDgroup (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur results indicate thatBDDis fairly common among female Swedish dermatology patients (4.9%) and thatBDDpatients have high levels of depression and anxiety and severely impaired quality of life.
The association of smoking with contact dermatitis and hand eczema – a review
Authors: Zimmer Katelyn A. , Armbrecht Eric S. , Burkemper Nicole M. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGiven the high prevalence of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), hand eczema (HE), and smoking, and the impact that smoking has on skin disease, the authors reviewed the existing literature to assess the association between smoking and contact dermatitis or hand eczema. Using the PubMed and SCOPUS databases, a literature search identified articles related to allergic contact dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, and hand eczema and a possible association with smoking. The search period included articles prior to and including April 2016. Seven of eight articles described a positive relationship between smoking and allergic or irritant contact dermatitis, while nine of nineteen articles found a positive association between smoking and hand eczema. Published studies document that smoking may be an important risk factor for both allergic and irritant contact dermatitis as well as hand eczema.
Intakes and sources of total and added sugars among 4 to 13‐year‐old children in China, Mexico and the United States
Authors: Afeiche M. C. , Koyratty B. N. S. , Wang D. , Jacquier E. F. , Lê K.‐ A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundIntakes of dietary sugars is a global concern, and many national and international organizations have set targets to limit consumption. However, it is unclear to what extent intakes of total and added sugars vary between geographies.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the differences in intakes of total and added sugars in 4 to 13‐year‐old children in China, Mexico and the United States. The secondary aim was to identify main sources of total and added sugars in the diets of these children.MethodsSecondary data analysis was conducted using the 2011 China Health and Nutrition Survey, 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey, and 2009–2012 US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Total and added sugar intakes were calculated using the US Food Patterns Equivalents Database.ResultsMean intakes of total and added sugars were 26 and 9 g d−1 among Chinese children, 92 and 55 g d−1 among Mexican children, and 124 and 76 g d−1 among US children, respectively. The top food sources of total sugars were fruits among Chinese children, and sugar‐sweetened beverages and milk‐based beverages among Mexican and US children.ConclusionsThese data highlight the heterogeneity of food patterns worldwide and the need for adapted country‐specific public health recommendations on sugars.
The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism is associated with lower BMI, lower postprandial glucose levels and elevated carbohydrate intake in children and adolescents
Authors: Kalenda A. , Landgraf K. , Löffler D. , Kovacs P. , Kiess W. , Körner A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundThe amino acid‐changing exonic variant rs6265 (Val66Met polymorphism) in the brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been linked to obesity in several genotype–phenotype association studies.ObjectiveTo identify metabolic factors by which this effect might be conveyed, we aimed to investigate its correlation with (i) obesity, (ii) metabolic parameters, (iii) serum levels of BDNF and (iv) measures of energy intake in children and adolescents.MethodsWe genotyped the variant in 2131 subjects (age 6–18 years) and checked for an association with obesity. Secondly, we correlated the genotype with parameters of glucose and lipid metabolism (fasting/postprandial glucose and insulin levels, HbA1c, homeostasis model assessment, Matsuda, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglycerides) in a smaller subset of 845 subjects. We determined BDNF serum levels in 177 individuals by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and assessed the association with genotype and metabolic parameters. Finally, we investigated the association between genotype and macronutrient intake from self‐reported food diaries (n = 146).ResultsThe minor Met allele was associated with lower BMI standard deviation score (p = 0.002). Post‐pubertal Met allele carriers showed lower postprandial glucose levels and a lower HbA1c (β = 0.15, p = 0.046 and β = 0.27, p = 0.012, respectively). Neither the genotype nor any of the metabolic parameters correlated with BDNF serum levels. We observed an increased total calorie intake (β = −0.21, p = 0.007) with increased carbohydrate and protein intake (β = −0.22, p = 0.005 and β = −0.14, p = 0.028, respectively) in Met allele carriers.ConclusionsWe confirmed the association of the minor Met allele with lower BMI in children and provide new data that it is associated with lower postprandial glucose in post‐pubertal subjects. Moreover, Met allele carriers reported to consume more carbohydrates and proteins.
Taxes, Order Imbalance and Abnormal Returns around the ex‐Dividend day
Authors: Ainsworth Andrew B. , Fong Kingsley Y.L. , Gallagher David R. , Partington Graham 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA costly arbitrage model, developed for the Australian imputation tax system, shows that stocks paying dividends with a tax credit are likely targets for ex‐dividend arbitrage. We show that order imbalance, based on the direct observation of buyer and seller initiated trades, is a key factor in price movements around the ex‐dividend day. Buying pressure before the ex‐dividend day aimed at capturing the dividend and tax credit leads to an increase in prices that subsequently reverse in the ex‐dividend period. This effect is concentrated in those stocks distributing a tax credit with their dividend payments. The price pressure resulting from order imbalance is substantially higher around the ex‐dividend day relative to the effect observed outside this period. Our results reject the model of Frank and Jagannathan () that bid‐ask bounce is responsible for the ex‐day premium and provide support for explanations based on taxes, transaction costs, and incomplete price adjustment on the ex‐day.
Estimating the burden of seasonal influenza in Spain from surveillance of mild and severe influenza disease, 2010‐2016
Authors: Oliva Jesús , Delgado‐Sanz Concepción , Larrauri Amparo ,   the Spanish Influenza Surveillance System
Published: September 2017

BackgroundEstimating the national burden of influenza disease is challenging. We aimed to estimate the disease burden of seasonal influenza in Spain, at the primary care and hospital level, over the 6 influenza seasons after 2009 pandemic.MethodsWe used data from the Spanish Influenza Sentinel Surveillance System to estimate weekly influenza rates and the number of influenza‐like illness (ILI) and mild confirmed influenza cases (MCIC). From the surveillance of severe hospitalized confirmed influenza cases (SHCIC), we obtained hospitalization rates and total number of SHCIC, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and deaths in influenza hospitalized patients. We estimated both mild and severe influenza cases, overall, and by age‐group (<5, 5‐14, 15‐64, and ≥65 years).ResultsThe highest cumulative rates of MCIC were observed in <15 years (1395‐3155 cases/100 000 population in 5‐14 years) and the lowest in ≥65 years (141‐608 cases/100 000 population). SHCIC rates revealed a characteristic U‐shaped distribution, with annual average hospitalization rates of 16.5 and 18.9 SHCIC/100, 000 p in 0‐4 years, and ≥65 years, respectively. We estimated an annual average of 866 868 cases of ILI attended in primary care (55% were MCIC), 3616 SHCIC, 1232 ICU admissions, and 437 deaths in SHCIC. The percentage of ICU admission among SHCIC was highest at 15‐64 years (42%), while the hospitalization fatality rate ranged from 1% in 0‐4 years to 18% in ≥65 years.ConclusionsThe ongoing Spanish Influenza Surveillance System allowed obtaining crucial information regarding the impact of mild and severe influenza in Spain.
Relationship Between Depressive Symptoms and Activity of Daily Living Dependence in Older Japanese: The Kurabuchi Study
Authors: Nakamura Takahiro , Michikawa Takehiro , Imamura Haruhiko , Takebayashi Toru , Nishiwaki Yuji 
Published: September 2017

Background/ObjectivesFew published studies have investigated the possibility of an association between depressive symptoms and dependence in activities of daily living (ADLs) in elderly adults. The objective of the study was to examine the association between depressive symptoms and future ADL dependence and to investigate how this association varies according to living circumstances and marital status.DesignCommunity‐based prospective observational study.SettingKurabuchi Town, Gunma Prefecture, Japan.ParticipantsA total of 769 residents aged 65 and older were surveyed at baseline in 2005/06; they were followed up annually during the 7.5‐year study period (follow‐up rate, 99% (n = 763).MeasurementsPresence of depressive symptoms was defined as a score of 2 or greater on the five‐item Geriatric Depression Scale, and dependence in ADLs was defined as admission to a nursing home (institutionalization), eligibility for long‐term care (LTC), or need for help in any of the six basic ADL items in the Katz Index of Independence in ADLs.ResultsDepressive symptoms were observed in 232 of the 763 participants (30.4%). Those with depressive symptoms were more prone to future ADL dependence than those without (adjusted risk ratio = 1.29, 95% confidence interval = 1.04–1.61). There was no clear evidence of any effect modification according to living circumstances or marital status on this association, although living with other people or marriage was found to be associated with greater risk of institutionalization.ConclusionOur findings suggest that depressive symptoms are associated with future ADL dependence and that living circumstances (except for institutionalization) and marital status do not affect the association.
The Asian Disease Problem and the Ethical Implications Of Prospect Theory
Authors: Dreisbach Sandra , Guevara Daniel 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe discuss the bearing of Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky's Prospect Theory on some central issues in ethics. It has been argued that the theory provides a better explanation of our intuitive responses to some important ethical decision cases—like some famous cases put by Philippa Foot and others—than traditional and widely acknowledged ethical principles do. In this way, Prospect Theory contributes to the new wave of skepticism, emanating from the social sciences, about the role of intuitive judgments in ethical theory and philosophy more generally. We focus on Kahneman and Tversky's famous Asian Disease Problem. We show that the case fails to support Prospect Theory over traditional ethical theory as an explanation of the most common intuitive responses to the case, and, moreover, fails as an account of the most common intuitive responses to Foot's famous trolley case and related cases. We maintain that careful critical attention to all these cases shows that Prospect Theory has not made a successful incursion into ethics, whatever it may have established about non‐ethical decision‐making.
The Soritical Centipede
Authors: Horgan Terry , Ballantyne Nathan , Fiala Brian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo philosophical questions arise about rationality in centipede games that are logically prior to attempts to apply the formal tools of game theory to this topic. First, given that the players have common knowledge of mutual rationality and common knowledge that they are each motivated solely to maximize their own profits, is there a backwards‐induction argument that (i) employs only familiar non‐technical concepts about rationality, (ii) leads to the conclusion that the first player is rationally obligated to end the game at the first step, (iii) is deductively valid, (iv) employs premises all of which are prima facie highly plausible, and (v) is prima facie sound (in virtue of features (iii) and (iv))? Second, if there is such an argument, then is it actually sound, or is it instead defective somehow despite being prima facie sound? Addressing these two questions is our project. We present a backwards‐induction argument that is prima facie sound; we argue that it is an instance of the notorious sorites paradox, and hence that the concepts of rational obligatoriness and rational permissibility are vague; and we briefly address the potential consequences of all this for the foundations of game theory and decision theory.
Reconciling conceptualizations of ethical conduct and person‐centred care of older people with cognitive impairment in acute care settings
Authors: Rushton Carole , Edvardsson David 
Published: September 2017

AbstractKey commentators on person‐centred care have described it as a “new ethic of care” which they link inextricably to notions of individual autonomy, action, change and improvement. Two key points are addressed in this article. The first is that few discussions about ethics and person‐centred are underscored by any particular ethical theory. The second point is that despite the espoused benefits of person‐centred care, delivery within the acute care setting remains largely aspirational. Choices nurses make about their practice tend to comply more often with prevailing norms than those championed by person‐centred care. We draw on elements of work by moral philosopher Løgstrup and Foucault to provide insight into nurses’ ethical conduct and ask why nurses would want to act otherwise, when what they think and do is viewed as normal, or think and act otherwise if doing so is seen within the organization as transgressive? To address these more specific questions, we discuss them in relation to the following constructs: the ethical demand, sovereign expressions of life and parrhêsia. We conclude by arguing that a ethical theoretical framework enables nurses to increase their perceptibility and appreciation of the ethical demand particularly those emanating from incommensurability between organizational norms and the norms invoked by person‐centred care. We argue that nurses’ responses to the ethical demand by way of parrhêsia can be an important feature of intra‐organizational reflexivity and its transformation towards the delivery care that is more person‐centred, particularly for older people with cognitive impairment. We conclude the article by highlighting the implications of this for nursing education and research.
Is the wage equation spatial enough? Evidence from a novel regional trade dataset
Authors: Fichet de Clairfontaine Aurélien , Hammer Christoph 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study focuses on the market accessibility of European regions and its relationship to income per capita, summarized in the new economic geography (NEG) “wage equation”. In a first step, we make use of a novel dataset of bilateral trade flows for 254 European nomenclature of territorial units for statistics (NUTS‐2) regions (for 26 European countries excluding Bulgaria and Romania) in order to estimate trade costs and ultimately construct a regional measure of access to markets. In a second step, we test the hypothesis that access to domestic as well as to foreign markets increases income per capita. We find that, in spite of its spatial formulation, the wage equation is not able to capture local spatial patterns of the distribution of European regional income per capita.
Export diversification and economic development: A dynamic spatial data analysis
Authors: Basile Roberto , Parteka Aleksandra , Pittiglio Rosanna 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper contributes to the empirical literature on the relationship between “export variety” (export diversification) and economic development by relaxing the assumption of cross‐country independence and allowing for spatial diffusion of shocks in observed and unobserved factors. Export variety is measured for a balanced panel of 114 countries (1992–2012) using very detailed information on their exports (HS 6‐digit product level). The estimation results of a dynamic spatial panel data model confirm the relevance of spatial network effects in export diversification: indirect effects (spatial spillovers) strongly reinforce direct effects, while spatial proximity to large countries accelerates the diversification process. In about 10 years the whole space–time diffusion of the diversification shock is widely completed. We reveal that the long‐run spillover impact from European countries is much higher than from other countries such as the United States, Japan, or the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa).