bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Extraction of Platinum and Palladium from Supported over Al2O3 Spent Catalysts Using Alternating Current
Authors: Dosumov K. , Popova N.M. , Umbetkaliev A.K. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The results of investigation of extraction of platinum and palladium from spent catalysts of gases of gasoline and diesel engines and oil refining purification into solution of HCl at anodic polarization of graphite electrodes by alternating current are demonstrated. Influence of temperature, current density, concentration of HCl and other factors have been studied. The optimal parameters of electrolysis with extraction into solution of 98-100% noble metals have been determined. feedstocks to desirable higher added-value products.</p>
Investigations of the SHS Cobalt Based Catalysts in Reaction of Synthesis Gas Production from Natural Gas
Authors: Mironenko A.V. , Rakhimetkaliev K.N. , Mansurov Z.A. 
Published: April 2016

<p>By means of selfpropagating high-temperature synthesis method metaloceramics based on cobalt oxide was obtained and its catalytic activity in reaction of methane conversion into various content synthesis gas in two sectional separately heated reactor at atmospheric pressure was studied. Temperature and volume flow rate influence on the yield of catalytic reaction products was also investigated. It was shown that the<br />fuel conversion in oxidation process reached 90-98%. The optima working conditions of methane catalytic oxidation processes were found.</p>
Catalysts for Alkylbenzene and Alkylpyridine Ammoxidation
Authors: Sembaev D.Kh. , Ivanovskaya F.A. , Pochtennaya V.M. 
Published: April 2016

<p>An increase of effectivity of binary and ternary vanadium containing oxide catalysts can be achieved by a regulation of chemical and phase catalyst composition during their preparation. Activity and selectivity of V-Ti catalysts depend on the ratio of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> to VO<sub>2</sub> in the succession of substitutional solid solutions VO<sub>2</sub>- TiO<sub>2</sub>, as well as on the crystal modification of TiO<sub>2</sub>. It was investigated the influence of vanadium oxides over the rate of the polymorfous conversion from anatase to rutile and the kind of TiO<sub>2</sub> crystal modification over V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> reduction degree during the thermal treatment of V-Ti catalysts. The synthesized catalysts offered producing nicotinonitrile from 3-methylpyridine with 93-95% mol. yield. Modifying of V-Ti catalysts by SnO<sub>2</sub> increased their activity. The reason is V=O bond weakening under the influence of SnO<sub>2</sub>. That was verified by increasing of V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> dissociation rate almost by an order in comparison with V-Ti catalysts. SnO<sub>2</sub> in the ternary catalysts exists as individual phase and acts as a donor of oxygen for the lower vanadium oxides. It provides the high stability of V-Ti-Sn catalysts and possibility of obtaining isonicotinonitrile with 95-97% mol. yield from 4-methylpyridine. The investigation of the mutual influence of starting components in the ternary V-Ti-Zr catalysts showed that ZrO<sub>2</sub> prevented the polymorphous transformation from anatase into rutile. In its turn, anatase stabilized baddeleyite, which has a higher catalytic activity than ruffite. Taking into account the mutual influence of the components, it was able to prepare the selective V-Ti-Zr catalyst. It offered obtaining nicotininitrile from 3-methylpyridine with 92-96% mol. yield. </p>
Interpolymer Complex Formation Between Linear and Crosslinked Poly(acrylic acid) and Poly(vinyl ether of ethyleneglycol)
Authors: Nurkeeva Z.S. , Mun G.A. , Khutoryanskiy V.V. , Kan V.A. , Shaikhutdinov E.M. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The formation of H-bonded interpolymer complexes between linear and cross-linked poly(acrylic acid) and poly(vinyl ether of ethyleneglycol) is considered. The effects of pH and concentrations of polymers solution as well as the nature of the solvent on the complexation processes are discussed. It was found that the complexes are formed in aqueous solutions only below some critical pH value, which depends on the concentration of polymers and ionic strength of the solution. The interaction between gel of poly(acrylic acid) swollen in alcohol with solution of linear poly(vinyl ether of ethyleneglycol) is accompanied by formation of turbid layer of polycomplex and contraction of gel.</p>
Complex-Radical Terpolymerization of Maleic Anhydride (Styrene), Allyl Propionate and Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Medyakova L.V. , Rzaev Z. M. , Mamedov A.S. , Mamedova M.A. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The radical terpolymerization reactions of the acceptor-donor-acceptor and donor-acceptor-donor systems, maleic anhydride (MA)-allyl propionate (AP)-methyl methacrylate (MMA) and styrene (St)-MMA-AP, had been studied. The terpolymerizations were carried out in methyl ethyl ketone at 60-75 °C in the presence of 2,2’-azoisobutyronitrile (ABIN) used as the initiator. Some kinetic parameters and copolymerization constants - for both, system were determined by dilatometric and Kelen-Tudos or Seiner-Lift methods. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the free monomer and complex chain growth models. It is shown that terpolymerization was carried out at a stage close to binary copolymerization of MA...AP complex with free MMA and St...MMA complex with AP in the both studied system, respectively. These systems are also used as model for interpretation of cyclocopolymerization mechanism in allyl methactylate-MA (or St) system. DTA and TGA analyses indicated the relatively high thermal stability of St-MMA-AP terpolymer. It is shown that this terpolymer decomposes through a one-step reaction at 310 °C, however MA-AP-MMA terpolymer decomposes through a multi-step reactions at 150, 260 and 310 °C.</p>
Utilization of Oil Wastes for Production of Road-building Materials
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Ongarbaev E.K. , Tuleutaev B.K. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The pollution of environment by oil spills in the process of extraction, refining and transporting of oil is an important ecological problem of oil industry. Composition and properties of the oil sludge and il contaminated soil taken from the area of Zhetybai – Uzen – Atyrau pipeline failure have been investigated aiming at development of oil waste utilization methods. The offered thermal method of organic fraction extraction allows to decrease the organic fraction content by 15–20 %. It is shown that the recovered oil may be used for the bitumen production, and the solid residue – as a component of cold asphalt concrete.</p>
Investigation of Inhibitor Polyphosphate Properties for Rotating Steel Disk Electrode in Potassium Nitrate Solution
Authors: Dorokhova E.A. , Burkitbaeva B.D. , Melsitova I.B. , Ahkmetov T.Z. , Kapralova V.I. 
Published: April 2016

<p>Inhibition properties of a number of glass-like polyphosphates on 65J steel were investigated using the gravimetry and methods potassium nitrate solution polarization curves in a 0,1M (pH=6,05). The possibilities<br />of optimum experimental conditions were considered as well. Basing on the experimental data the inhibition coefficient and protective effect were found. The inhibiting action of polyphosphates, apparently, is due to the formation of inhomogeneous protecting film on the steel surface.</p>
Epoxy Polymer Gasification under Combustion
Authors: Kolesnikov A.B. , Kolesnikov B.Ya. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The processes taking place in the preflame zone at flame spread over the surface of epoxy polymer have been investigated in the present work. It has been shown that heating of yet unignited polymer ahead of flame spreading over the thermally thick samples is done mainly by the heat conduction through condensed phase. The compositions of highly- and hardly-volatile products of gasification are determined in conditions of the preflame zone. It is shown that the main combustible product of gasification is CO (ca. 85 %). The mass rates of gasification and the linear velocities of an injection of gasification products into gas phase of preflame zone have been determined. The complicated aerodynamic structure of the preflame zone with a vortex formation is shown to exist. As a result oxygen gets a free access to a polymer surface and can participate in gasification processes. Experimental simulation of the epoxy polymer gasification processes was carried out in the oxygen-18 enriched atmosphere. The main oxygen-containing product of gasification is shown to be generated both as a result of pyrolysis, and a result of thermooxidation. More than 75 % of carbon dioxide is formed only due to thermooxidative destruction, and 75 - 90 % of carbon oxide is formed only due to pyrolysis. It has been shown that in a course of epoxy polymer gasification in preflame zone the main mass of combustible products is generated by pyrolysis, but an energy for this is mostly supplied by simultaneously occurred exothermal processes of thermooxidation of the near-surface layers of epoxy polymer.</p>
Complex language encounters: Observations from linguistically diverse South African classrooms
Authors: Evans Rinelle , Cleghorn Ailie 
Published: April 2016

This article reports on the initial observation phase of a larger, longitudinal project that explores complex language encounters in grades R (Reception) to 3 classrooms in South Africa. Complex language encounters refer to teacher-learner exchanges that take place when neither teachers nor learners are first language speakers of the language of instruction, in this case English. Observations during teaching practice visits to linguistically and culturally diverse South African urban classrooms yielded several vignettes that illustrate the need for teachers to be provided with strategies to lessen the confusion of some language encounters. Although preliminary, our findings underline how critical it is for teachers to possess full proficiency in the language of instruction as well as cross-cultural competence. That is, in order to attend adequately to diverse learners’ sense-making efforts, teachers need to know how to relate to learners by ‘border crossing’ linguistically, culturally and conceptually.
Affinity Spaces and Ecologies of Practice: Digital Composing Processes of Pre-service English Teachers
Authors: Howard Patrick 
Published: April 2016

English educators are responsible for preparing pre-service and in-service teachers to consider the ways in which people engage in meaning making by using a variety of representation, interpretive and communication systems. Today new technologies are radically changing the types of texts people create and interpret even as they are influencing the social, political and cultural contexts in which texts are shared. This research project was designed to immerse pre-service English education students in the creation of multimodal, multimedia texts as part of a digital composing workshop. For the purposes of this paper, three student experiences were drawn from a group of twelve pre-service English education students participating in the project. Each student represents a unique experience from which we may draw insight and direction as English educators. Despite the ever present barriers to integrating afterschool (Prensky, 2010) literacy practices into traditional schools and to ensure what we are teaching has the important element of “life validity” ( Mills, 2010) and reflects the evolving socio cultural literacy practices of contemporary society, English educators must provide authentic, engaging opportunities for pre-service teachers to learn about and through multimedia, multimodal digital technologies.
Brave Music of a Distant Drum by M. Herbstein
Authors: Sivak Allison 
Published: April 2016

Herbstein, Manu. Brave Music of a Distant Drum. Red Deer, AB: Red Deer Press. 2012. Print. A young African-American man, Zachariah Wiliams, comes to visit his mother, who has been enslaved all her adult life. He, too, is a slave, but views his Brazilian owners as benevolent Christians, who have taught him how to read and write, gave him some pay for his bookkeeping work, and have promised to set him free in the coming years. He is reticent to meet with his mother who has never converted to Christianity, and with whom he is not close; she calls him by the name Kwame Zumbi, and she is uninterested in his successes working for his owners. She has asked him to smuggle some paper from his office, for she is going to tell a story she wishes him to write down for his own daughter to read when she is older.Ama's story is brutal in a way that is familiar to many readers, but not predictable. She tells of a failed rebellion on the slave ship, the beatings and sexual assaults that were a part of her everyday life, and of her love for Tomba, Zacharias' father. She writes of her intimacy with the daughter of her owners, emphasizing the strangeness of a girl who attempts to treat Ama well as a slave, but who does not truly want Ama to have her freedom. Although Ama has some momentary victories against people involved in the slave trade, she is never ultimately free. The novel does not attempt to fulfill a reader's hope for Ama's emancipation, and in this way, is more realistic than some fictional narratives of slavery in the Americas; it also avoids 'containing' the issue of slavery by ending with an individual's escape. This makes for a difficult, but strong novel.This young adult novel is based on author Herbstein's earlier historical novel for adults, Ama: A Story of the Atlantic Slave Trade. Herbstein has made an unusual move here, revising the original novel for a younger audience, and has made thoughtful choices in doing so. He has shortened the story significantly, skimming over much of Ama's experiences that take place between her kidnapping in her village, and her forced placement on a slave ship headed for Brazil. (He skillfully explains this change as the limited amount of paper that Zachariah been able to procure; Ama wishes to retain only the details of her brutal enslavement in Brazil.) Herbstein's use of shifting first-person perspective, alternating between Ama and Zacharias, efficiently conveys Ama's blunt telling with her son's change from disbelief to anger at the injustice she has endured—an injustice that implicates his Brazilian owners. Brave Music of a Distant Drum is a brutal, thoughtful, well-written book that would be excellent for teenage readers.Recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Allison SivakAllison Sivak is the Public Services Librarian at the University of Alberta Libraries. She is currently pursuing her PhD in Library and Information Studies and Elementary Education, focusing on how the aesthetics of information design influence young people’s trust in the credibility of information content.
Rrralph by L. Ehlert
Authors: Frail Kim 
Published: April 2016

Ehlert, Lois. Rrralph. New York: Beach Lane Books, 2011. Print. “Would you like to meet a talking dog?” According to the author’s note, this book was based on jokes that her brother told his grandchildren. The humour translates well into the story as the narrator uses a series of onomatopoeic word-play to explain how Ralph the dog “talks”. For example, when asked where he is, Ralph answers that he is on the “Roof” of the dog house. When asked what is on a tree, he replies “Bark, Bark, Bark”. The story even includes a somewhat scary encounter between Ralph and a “Wolf! Wolf!” This book will definitely be a story-time favourite for younger children. The large format and brightly coloured pages make it ideal for displaying to groups. The super-size font alternates on each page between black and white, creating high contrasts. The illustrations were created from: “zippers, wood, buttons, twine, metal, tree bark, screws, hand-painted and home-made papers, and textile fragments”. This creates layers of interesting textures and gives the book a “home-spun” appeal. It would also provide an interesting opportunity for educators or parents to talk about making art from found or recycled objects, or the benefits of recycling in general. The highlight of the illustrations is Ralph’s multi-coloured textile collar and metal-heart shaped dog tag, which will remind readers of real beloved family pets. His zipper smile is pretty endearing as well. Other books by Lois Ehlert include: “Lots of Spots”, “Boo to You!” and “Chicka Chicka Boom Boom”. According to the publisher Rrralph is recommended for ages 2-6. Highly recommended: four out of four starsReviewer: Kim FrailKim is a Public Services Librarian at the H.T. Coutts Education Library at the University of Alberta. Children’s literature is a big part of her world at work and at home. She also enjoys gardening, renovating and keeping up with her two-year old.
Arctic Thunder: A Novel by R. Feagan
Authors: Campbell Sandy 
Published: April 2016

Feagan, Robert. Arctic Thunder: A Novel. Toronto: Dundurn Press, 2010. Print. St. Albert is a small city, just north of Edmonton in Central Alberta. In the opening pages of this book, thirteen-year-old Mike Watson and his team, the St. Albert Rams, win the Alberta Bantam Provincial box lacrosse championship. Then his father, an RCMP officer, announces that they’ve been posted to Inuvik, which Mike describes as a place “somewhere inside the Arctic Circle and makes winter in St. Albert seem like summer”. The author, Robert Feagan, who lives in St. Albert, but spent much of his youth in RCMP posts across the Canadian Western Arctic, does a good job of presenting the struggles of a thirteen year old boy from the South trying to fit into the largely Inuit and Dene community in Inuvik. The story is definitely told from the point of view of a “white kid from the South”, except that Mike is part Zulu, so he sort of looks like he might fit in. Mike finds that teenagers are teenagers everywhere and when he goes to school he meets: the bully, the nerd whom everyone avoids and the super athletes, who in this case compete in the Arctic Games. There is even a beautiful female nemesis, Gwen, who is one of the best basketball players Mike has every encountered. While well written and engaging, Feagan sometimes becomes a little didactic in educating the reader about the North. Characters occasionally launch into unnaturally detailed explanations about things northern. Much of the tension between characters is also resolved too neatly. Most of the core characters acquire self-understanding, turn over new leaves, and apologize to each other within a very few pages. Much more realistic is the portrayal of the typical teenager, Mike, whispering a “Thank-you” to his Mom, long after she’s out of earshot. Through the course of the book, Mike (and the reader) come to appreciate what Inuvik, with its single traffic light and one retail store, has to offer. Feagan works in a sensitive treatment of the role of the elders in the community and the healthy effects of living close to the land. Of course, lacrosse, which no one plays in Inuvik, is an important thread through the story. Adult readers should not be put off by the fact that this is a young adult novel; it is a good Arctic read for anyone. Highly recommended: 4 out of 4 starsReviewer: Sandy Campbell Sandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines. Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.
Joy of Apex by N. Folger
Authors: Campbell Sandy 
Published: April 2016

Folger, Napatsi. Joy of Apex. Iqaluit: Inhabit Media, Inc., 2011. Print. This is a first novel from Napatsi Folger, who grew up in Iqaluit, moved to Vancouver and then returned as an adult to work in Iqaluit. She has given us a bright new heroine in Joy, a ten-year old girl who lives in Apex, just outside of Iqaluit in Nunavut. Joy, who tells the story in the first person, is quite a normal pre-teen. She generally wants to do well, but occasionally does silly things like calling little sister, Allusha, by the nickname “ALLA SUCKS”. From the beginning of the novel, it is clear that Joy has a heavier than normal family workload for a ten-year old. Her dad is doing most of the cooking and cleaning and Joy and her older brother, Alex, are looking after each other and Alla. They look out for each other at school, make their own Halloween costumes and solve their own problems. Their mother, Mary, who spends most of her time with her sisters, does come home occasionally. When she does, she and her husband fight, with predictable effects on the children. “They are fighting again. This time it sounds like a big one. The yelling wakes Allusha and we are so frightened that we creep into Alex’s room and crawl into bed with him. After Alex and I calm Allusha’s quite sobs, the three of us sleep together in a little nest for the rest of the night.” Joy’s voice is authentic for a ten year old, who is doing her best to cope while her parents’ marriage falls apart. It is hard not to be moved by her humiliation, anger and pain when her best attempts fail and there is no mom to prevent the disaster or pick up the pieces. Folger’s humour often provides some relief from the weight of the difficulties that Joy faces. For example, when Allusha eats too much candy, throws up and bursts the capillaries in her face, she tells her mother, “Don’t worry, Mama. It’s just burst caterpillars in my face.” This is a well-written volume and an engaging read. The work is clearly rooted in the author’s personal experience growing up in the Eastern Arctic. Pre-teens through adult readers will enjoy this book. Highly recommended for public libraries and school libraries everywhere. Reviewer: Sandy CampbellHighly recommended: 4 stars out of 4Sandy is a Health Sciences Librarian at the University of Alberta, who has written hundreds of book reviews across many disciplines. Sandy thinks that sharing books with children is one of the greatest gifts anyone can give.