bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
REVIEW: FROM SCREENING TO APPLICATION OF MOROCCAN DYEING PLANTS: CHEMICAL GROUPS AND BOTANICAL DISTRIBUTION
Authors: Alouani Imane , Bouyahya Idrissi Mohammed Oulad , Draoui Mustapha , Bouatia Mustapha 
Published: October 2016

<p>Many plants contain dyes and are used for colouring a medium. They are characterized by their content of dyes molecules. They stimulate interest because they are part of a sustainable development approach. There are several chemical families of plant dyes contained in more than 450 plants known in the world. In this article, a study based on literature allowed us to realize an inventory of the main dye plants potentially present in Morocco. A list of 117 plants was established specifying their botanical families, chemical composition, color and part of the plant used. <strong></strong></p>
Narrations denses : la révolte comme mode d’affiliation à l’État hachémite
Authors: Jungen Christine 
Published: October 2016

Christine Jungen reminds us that the « Jordanianness » of Transjordan tribes is far from guaranteed. She studies the complexities of the integration of tribes from former Transjordan into Hashemite Jordan using accounts of the rebellions against the State in the town of Kerak, “mother of rebellion.” The establishment of the Hashemite kingdom did not lead to the construction of a shared national history that transcends distinctive local identity. On the contrary; local history may give an account that goes against the state narrative: focusing on the concept of rebellion against state power, local history is primarily constructed against the State. In this context, the arrangement of these various narratives, and, more specifically, the link between the regular revival of these stories of revolt on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the declaration of unwavering loyalty to the monarchy is the product of a relationship between Keraki tribes and the Hashemite rule which is based on an interplay of inversion and reversal that is fundamentally ambiguous: supporting the king, and being against the king, swearing allegiance to the monarchy and establishing its status therefore constitute two contradictory aspects of a complex relationship. This relationship is conceptualized and made operative through a thickness of narrative which consists of a “dense” narrative of history. This history is not a means to building a collective identity, nor does it fit in with the national and territorial version of Jordanian history. It is a discursive space in which to build the connection and to conceptualize the terms of the relationship with the monarchy; for it is affiliation to the institution of the monarchy which, in this context, is the basis of belonging to Jordan and to a greater extent, of the Jordanian identity claimed by the Kerakis.
La femme sans sexualité et l’homme irresponsable
Authors: Spencer Brenda 
Published: October 2016

MAIS PEUT-ON LUI FAIRE CONFIANCE ? PRÉVENTION ET SEXUALITÉUne approche spécifique du genre est de plus en plus nécessaire dans la santé sexuelle et de la reproduction. Bien qu’il y ait une volonté d’inclure les hommes, la conceptualisation de la question est inadéquate puisqu’ils sont souvent décrits comme des « cas désespérés », tandis que les femmes sont présentées comme des « victimes sexuelles ». Cette intervention décrit comment l’approvisionnement de la pilule contraceptive et la prévention du sida reflètent des représentations fondamentales de la sexualité masculine et féminine (par exemple la sexualité masculine est réduite à une force biologique, la dénégation du désir sexuel féminin). Les questions de rapports de genre ont aussi été masquées par la médicalisation et l’individualisation des problèmes de la santé sexuelle.
Les archives de la Sûreté nationale : disparité des lieux de conservation, continuité des fonds ?
Authors: Charrier Émilie , Richard Damien 
Published: October 2016

Les fonds conservés aux Archives nationales, institution centrale essentielle pour la connaissance de la vie politique française, permettent un examen approfondi du fonctionnement institutionnel du ministère de l’Intérieur, en étudiant la genèse des fonds complémentaires répartis entre les deux sites des Archives nationales (Paris et Fontainebleau jusqu'en 2012), puis réunis depuis 2013 sur le site de Pierrefitte-sur-Seine : le fonds dit de Moscou, conservé à Fontainebleau, qui contient 90 % des archives documentant l’histoire du communisme n’est que la partie, saisie, d’un ensemble dont l’autre partie, versée par la suite, se trouve conservée sur le site de Paris, dans la sous-série F/7.
Linked trends in the South Pacific sea ice edge and Southern Oscillation Index
Authors: Kwok R. , Comiso J. C. , Lee T. , Holland P. R. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPrevious work have shown that sea ice variability in the South Pacific is associated with extratropical atmospheric anomalies linked to the Southern Oscillation (SO). Over a 32 year period (1982–2013), our study shows that the trend in Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) is also able to quantitatively explain the trends in sea ice edge, drift, and surface winds in this region. On average two thirds of the winter ice edge trend in this sector, linked to ice drift and surface winds, could be explained by the positive SOI trend, thus subjecting the ice edge to strong decadal SO variability. If this relationship holds, the negative SOI trend prior to the recent satellite era suggests that ice edge trends opposite to that of the recent record over a similar time scale. Significant low‐frequency ice edge trends, linked to the natural variability of SO, are superimposed upon any trends expected of anthropogenic forcing.
Copper and zinc isotope systematics of altered oceanic crust at IODP Site 1256 in the eastern equatorial Pacific
Authors: Huang Jian , Liu Sheng‐Ao , Gao Yongjun , Xiao Yilin , Chen Sha 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the first combined Cu and Zn isotopic study of altered oceanic crust at Integrated Ocean Drilling Program (IODP) Hole 1256D that penetrates a volcanic section, a lava‐dyke transition zone, a sheeted dyke complex, and a plutonic complex. In the volcanic section, all but one rocks have Cu and Zn isotopic compositions similar to fresh mid‐ocean ridge basalt (MORB), reflecting restricted seawater circulation and low oxygen fugacity. Rocks in the transition zone have MORB‐like δ65Cu and δ66Zn, indicating the dominant influence of basalt‐derived Cu and Zn during alteration. Rocks in the dyke complex have more variable δ65Cu (−0.50–0.90‰) and δ66Zn (0.19–0.55‰) and those in the plutonic complex have δ65Cu of −0.43 to 0.20‰ and δ66Zn of 0.21 to 0.41‰. The rocks with heavier δ66Zn and heavier or lighter δ65Cu relative to MORB are characterized by Cu‐Zn depletions, low Li/Yb (<1.0) and low δ18O (<5‰), suggesting that hydrothermal extraction during high temperature alteration of oceanic crust can result in significant Cu and Zn isotope fractionation. Such large Cu and Zn isotopic variations are the results of redox transformation of Cu as well as Cu and Zn isotope fractionation between altered basaltic rocks and dissolved Cu and Zn species in hydrothermal fluids (e.g., [CuCl3]1−, Zn(HS)42−). This work is the first to define the distribution of Cu and Zn isotopes in an intact oceanic crust with concentration‐weighted averages of δ65Cu (0.05 ± 0.03‰) and δ66Zn (0.27 ± 0.01‰). The potential implications of these new observations are discussed.
Evolution of grain sizes and orientations during phase transitions in hydrous Mg2SiO4
Authors: Rosa Angelika D. , Hilairet Nadège , Ghosh Sujoy , Perrillat Jean‐Philippe , Garbarino Gaston , Merkel Sébastien 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTransformation microstructures in mantle minerals, such as (Mg,Fe)2SiO4, are critical for predicting the rheological properties of rocks and the interpretation of seismic observations. We present in situ multigrain X‐ray diffraction experiments on hydrous Mg2SiO4 at the P/T conditions relevant for deep cold subducting slabs (up to 40 GPa and 850°C) at a low experimental strain rate (~4 * 10−6s−1). We monitor the orientations of hundreds of grains and grain size variations during the series of α‐β‐γ (forsterite‐wadsleyite‐ringwoodite) phase transformations. Microtextural results indicate that the β and an intermediate γ* phase grow incoherently relatively to the host α phase consistent with a nucleation and growth model. The β and γ phases exhibit orientation relationships which are in agreement with previous ex situ observations. The β and intermediate γ* show texturing due to moderate differential stress in the sample. Both the α‐β and α‐γ transformation induce significant reductions of the mean sample grain size of up to 90% that starts prior to the appearance of the daughter phase. Apart from the γ*, in the newly formed β and γ phases, the nucleation rate is faster than the growth rate, inhibiting the formation of large grains. These results on grain orientations and grain size reductions in relation to transformation kinetics should allow refining existing slab strength models.
A mechanism to explain the variations of tropopause and tropopause inversion layer in the Arctic region during a sudden stratospheric warming in 2009
Authors: Wang Rui , Tomikawa Yoshihiro , Nakamura Takuji , Huang Kaiming , Zhang Shaodong , Zhang Yehui , Yang Huigen , Hu Hongqiao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe mechanism to explain the variations of tropopause and tropopause inversion layer (TIL) in the Arctic region during a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) in 2009 was studied with the Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications reanalysis data and GPS/Constellation Observing system for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) temperature data. During the prominent SSW in 2009, the cyclonic system changed to the anticyclonic system due to the planetary wave with wave number 2 (wave2). The GPS/COSMIC temperature data showed that during the SSW in 2009, the tropopause height in the Arctic decreased accompanied with the tropopause temperature increase and the TIL enhancement. The variations of the tropopause and TIL were larger in higher latitudes. A static stability analysis showed that the variations of the tropopause and TIL were associated with the variations of the residual circulation and the static stability due to the SSW. Larger static stability appeared in the upper stratosphere and moved downward to the narrow region just above the tropopause. The descent of strong downward flow was faster in higher latitudes. The static stability tendency analysis showed that the strong downward residual flow induced the static stability change in the stratosphere and around the tropopause. The strong downwelling in the stratosphere was mainly induced by wave2, which led to the tropopause height and temperature changes due to the adiabatic heating. Around the tropopause, a pair of downwelling above the tropopause and upwelling below the tropopause due to wave2 contributed to the enhancement of static stability in the TIL immediately after the SSW.
An assessment of precipitation adjustment and feedback computation methods
Authors: Richardson T. B. , Samset B. H. , Andrews T. , Myhre G. , Forster P. M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe precipitation adjustment and feedback framework is a useful tool for understanding global and regional precipitation changes. However, there is no definitive method for making the decomposition. In this study we highlight important differences which arise in results due to methodological choices. The responses to five different forcing agents (CO2, CH4, SO4, black carbon, and solar insolation) are analyzed using global climate model simulations. Three decomposition methods are compared: using fixed sea surface temperature experiments (fSST), regressing transient climate change after an abrupt forcing (regression), and separating based on timescale using the first year of coupled simulations (YR1). The YR1 method is found to incorporate significant SST‐driven feedbacks into the adjustment and is therefore not suitable for making the decomposition. Globally, the regression and fSST methods produce generally consistent results; however, the regression values are dependent on the number of years analyzed and have considerably larger uncertainties. Regionally, there are substantial differences between methods. The pattern of change calculated using regression reverses sign in many regions as the number of years analyzed increases. This makes it difficult to establish what effects are included in the decomposition. The fSST method provides a more clear‐cut separation in terms of what physical drivers are included in each component. The fSST results are less affected by methodological choices and exhibit much less variability. We find that the precipitation adjustment is weakly affected by the choice of SST climatology.
Recent Developments in the Stereoselective Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles using N‐Acylimines as Reactive Substrates
Authors: Marcantoni Enrico , Petrini Marino 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis report focuses on the utilization of N‐acylimines in addition reactions aimed at the preparation of heterocyclic compounds. These can be directly obtained by reaction of N‐acylimines with suitable nucleophilic reagents or prepared by further elaboration of the initially formed adducts. The asymmetric synthesis of these hetero‐ and polyheterocyclic derivatives is mostly achieved using chiral catalyzed reactions, including the recently introduced enantioselective Biginelli reaction. Applications of isatin ketimines to the stereoselective preparation of biologically active spiroxindole compounds are also reported.magnified image
Iridium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of Halogen‐Containing Quinolin‐2(1H)‐ones from Internal Alkynes and Simple Anilines
Authors: Zhu Fengxiang , Li Yahui , Wang Zechao , Wu Xiao‐Feng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractQuinolin‐2(1H)‐ones are important chemicals with various applications in pharmaceuticals. In this communication, we have developed a novel and efficient iridium‐catalyzed carbonylative annulation of simple anilines with internal alkynes for the straightforward synthesis of halogen‐containing quinolin‐2(1H)‐ones. The reaction proceeds without preactivation and directing groups through direct N–H and C–H bond activation with a broad substrate scope and high efficiency. Halogen functional groups can be well tolerated here. Remarkably, this is the first example of an iridium‐catalyzed carbonylative C–H activation of anilines.magnified image
Information entropic measures of a quantum harmonic oscillator in symmetric and asymmetric confinement within an impenetrable box
Authors: Ghosal Abhisek , Mukherjee Neetik , Roy Amlan K. 
Published: September 2016

Information‐based uncertainty measures like Shannon entropy, Onicescu energy and Fisher information (in position and momentum space) are employed to understand the effect of symmetric and asymmetric confinement in a quantum harmonic oscillator. Also, the transformation of the Hamiltonian into a dimensionless form gives an idea of the composite effect of force constant and confinement length (xc). In the symmetric case, a wide range of xc has been taken up, whereas asymmetric confinement is dealt with by shifting the minimum of the potential from the origin keeping box length and boundary fixed. Eigenvalues and eigenvectors for these systems are obtained quite accurately via an imaginary‐time propagation scheme. For asymmetric confinement, a variation‐induced exact diagonalization procedure is also introduced, which produces very high quality results. One finds that, in symmetric confinement, after a certain characteristic xc, all these properties converge to respective values of a free harmonic oscillator. In the asymmetric situation, excited‐state energies always pass through a maximum. For this potential, the classical turning point decreases, whereas well depth increases with the strength of asymmetry. A study of these uncertainty measures reveals that localization increases with an increase of the asymmetry parameter.
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The (+)‐cis‐ and (+)‐trans‐Olibanic Acids: Key Odorants of Frankincense
Authors: Cerutti‐Delasalle Céline , Mehiri Mohamed , Cagliero Cecilia , Rubiolo Patrizia , Bicchi Carlo , Meierhenrich Uwe J. , Baldovini Nicolas 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFrankincense (olibanum) is one of the oldest aromatic materials used by humans, but the key molecular constituents contributing to its characteristic odor remained unknown. Reported herein is the discovery that (1S,2S)‐(+)‐trans‐ and (1S,2R)‐(+)‐cis‐2‐octylcyclopropyl‐1‐carboxylic acids are highly potent and substantive odorants occurring in ppm amounts in all of the frankincense samples analyzed, even those showing radically different volatile compositions. These cyclopropyl‐derived acids provide the very characteristic old churchlike endnote of the frankincense odor.
Divergent and Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Silyl‐α‐Amino Acids through Palladium‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Silylation of Unactivated Primary and Secondary C−H Bonds
Authors: Liu Yue‐Jin , Liu Yan‐Hua , Zhang Zhuo‐Zhuo , Yan Sheng‐Yi , Chen Kai , Shi Bing‐Feng 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA general and practical PdII‐catalyzed intermolecular silylation of primary and secondary C−H bonds of α‐amino acids and simple aliphatic acids is reported. This method provides divergent and stereoselective access to a variety of optical pure β‐silyl‐α‐amino acids, which are useful for genetic technologies and proteomics. It can also be readily performed on a gram scale and the auxiliary can be easily removed with retention of configuration. The synthetic importance of this method is further demonstrated by the late‐stage functionalization of biological small molecules, such as (−)‐santonin and β‐cholic acid. Moreover, several key palladacycles were successfully isolated and characterized to elucidate the mechanism of this β−C(sp3)‐H silylation process.
Carbon–Nitrogen Bond Cleavage by a Thorium‐NHC‐bpy Complex
Authors: Garner Mary E. , Hohloch Stephan , Maron Laurent , Arnold John 
Published: September 2016

AbstractActinide complexes demonstrate unparalleled reactivity towards small molecules. However, utilizing these powerful transformations in a predictable and deliberate manner remains challenging. Therefore, developing actinide systems that not only perform noteworthy chemistry but also demonstrate controllable reactivity is a key goal. We describe a bis(NHC)borate thorium‐bpy complex (1) that is capable of reductively cleaving the R−NC bond in a series of organic isocyanides. In contrast to most actinide‐mediated bond activations, the dealkylation event mediated by 1 is remarkably general and yields very well‐defined products that assist in mechanistic elucidation. Synthesis of the rearranged but‐3‐enyl product from the reaction of 1 and cyclopropylmethyl isocyanide supports the notion of a radical‐based mechanism.
Giant Hollow Heterometallic Polyoxoniobates with Sodalite‐Type Lanthanide–Tungsten–Oxide Cages: Discrete Nanoclusters and Extended Frameworks
Authors: Jin Lu , Li Xin‐Xiong , Qi Yan‐Jie , Niu Ping‐Ping , Zheng Shou‐Tian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe first series of niobium–tungsten–lanthanide (Nb‐W‐Ln) heterometallic polyoxometalates {Ln12W12O36(H2O)24(Nb6O19)12} (Ln=Y, La, Sm, Eu, Yb) have been obtained, which are comprised of giant cluster‐in‐cluster‐like ({Ln12W12}‐in‐{Nb72}) structures built from 12 hexaniobate {Nb6O19} clusters gathered together by a rare 24‐nuclearity sodalite‐type heterometal–oxide cage {Ln12W12O36(H2O)24}. The Nb‐W‐Ln clusters present the largest multi‐metal polyoxoniobates and a series of rare high‐nuclearity 4d‐5d‐4f multicomponent clusters. Furthermore, the giant Nb‐W‐Ln clusters may be isolated as discrete inorganic alkali salts and can be used as building blocks to form high‐dimensional inorganic–organic hybrid frameworks.
Heteroatom Tuning of Bimolecular Criegee Reactions and Its Implications
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Francisco Joseph S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractHigh‐level quantum‐chemical calculations have been performed to understand the key reactivity determinants of bimolecular reactions of Criegee intermediates and H2X (X=O, S, Se, and Te). Criegee intermediates are implicated as key intermediates in atmospheric, synthetic organic, and enzymatic chemistry. Generally, it is believed that the nature and location of substituents at the carbon of the Criegee intermediate play a key role in determing the reactivity. However, the present work suggests that it is not only the substitution of the Criegee intermediate, but the nature of the heteroatom in H2X that also plays a crucial role in determining the reactivity of the interaction between the Criegee intermediate and H2X. The barriers for the reactions of Criegee intermediates and H2X satisfy an inverse correlation with the bond strength of X−H in H2X, and a direct correlation with the first pKa of H2X. This heteroatom tuning causes a substantial barrier lowering of 8–11 kcal mol−1 in the Criegee reaction barrier in going from H2O to H2Te. An important implication of these results is that the reaction of the Criegee intermediate and H2S could be a source of thioaldehydes, which are important in plantery atmospheres and synthetic organic chemistry. By performing the reaction of Criegee intermediates and H2S under water or acid catalysis, thioladehydes could be detected in a hydrogen‐bonded complexed state, which is significantly more stable than their uncomplexed form. As a result, simpler aliphatic thioaldehydes could be selectively synthesized in the laboratory, which, otherwise, has been a significant synthetic challenge because of their ability to oligomerize.
Pyrene functionalized side chain alanine and histidine containing copolyacrylates prepared by free radical copolymerization
Authors: Murariu Mioara , Nechifor Marioara , Fifere Nicusor , Buruiana Emil C. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAn optically active copolyacrylate, poly(N‐acryloyl‐L‐alanine‐co‐N‐acryloyl‐L‐histidine), is prepared by classical radical copolymerization of N‐acryloyl‐L‐alanine and N‐acryloyl‐L‐histidine, and further chemically modified with 1‐pyrene‐methanol. The structures of the synthesized compounds are confirmed by spectral analysis (FTIR, 1H/13C‐NMR, UV, fluorescence spectroscopy), thermal methods, and molecular weight measurements. Also, their optical activity is studied using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy and optical rotation measurements. The specific rotation values reveal that the direction of rotation of the parent copolymer is dictated by the monomer containing L‐alanine. CD data suggest negative and positive Cotton effects regarding the monomers with amino acids. In the case of the unmodified copolymer it is noted the changes of ellipticity values with increasing pH while the random‐coil conformation is preserved, which makes it suitable as a pH‐responsive system. Photochemical and photophysical investigations reveal that the pyrene‐functionalized chiroptical copolyacrylate can be used as a fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of nitro‐derivatives in organic media. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44457.