bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) driven trans-regulation of mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) components affects the clinical outcome of breast cancer
Authors: Saha Suryendu , Dhar Debanil , Roy Stuti , Paul Ratnadip , Mukhopadhyay Anindya , Gupta Arnab , Nath Somsubhra 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHormone receptors (HR), namely estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR), are prevalent in most malignant tumors. Although previous literature provided clues for ERα in regulating mitosis and ploidy status in breast cancer (BC) cells, reports on the mitotic regulators being the targets of HR are sparse. To delve deeper into ERα’s impact on mitotic execution, our study focuses on examining its transcriptional activity on the core mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) components, which are involved in ploidy maintenance. The expression of the core MCC components (Bub3, Mad2, and BubR1) was analyzed by quantitative-PCR and immunohistochemistry in breast tumors and adjacent normal tissues from the cancer genome atlas-breast invasive carcinoma collection (TCGA BRCA) dataset and in a prospective cohort of Eastern Indian breast cancer affected individuals. The preliminary data from these cohorts indicated an influence of ERα on the two MCC components, namely Mad2 and BubR1. Subsequently, luciferase reporter assays and chromatin immunoprecipitation were performed which revealed that ERα promotes transcriptional activation ofMAD2andBUB1Bthrough direct recruitment on these promoters, showing affects in mitotic outcome. Interestingly, the ectopic introduction of ERα, in an HR-ve breast cancer line, MDA-MB-231, significantly reduced the percent aneuploidy. Moreover, we found that overexpression ofMAD2andBUB1Bis associated with poorer survival in HR-positive (HR+ve) patients in both cohorts. Our findings provide insights into the specific role of ERα-mediated transcriptional regulation of mitosis and ploidy outcome. Targeting the deregulated MCC components thus offers translational potential for the therapeutic management of breast cancer.
A human neuronal model of sporadic Alzheimer’s disease induced byFBXO2downregulation shows Aβ aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation and functional network impairment
Authors: Díaz Alicia González , Possenti Andrea , Urrutia Gustavo Antonio , Bian Yuqi , Kedia Shekhar , Boeken Dorothea , Lim Christine M. , Licastro Danilo , Mannini Benedetta , Klenerman David , Vendruscolo Michele 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSporadic Alzheimer’s disease (sAD) arises from a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors that remains poorly understood, making it challenging to develop accurate cell models. To address this problem, by hypothesing that the early disease sAD states can be characterised by transcriptomic fingerprints, we assessed the effect on Aβ aggregation in human neuroblastoma cells a set of genes obtained by analysing snRNA-seq data from post-mortem AD patients. We then validated the most effective genes in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons, and selectedFBXO2, a gene encoding a subunit of the ubiquitin protein ligase complex SCF, for further analysis. We found that early downregulation ofFBXO2in human iPSC-derived cortical neurons resulted in Aβ aggregation, tau hyperphosphorylation, and structural and functional neuronal network impairment. Based on these results, we report a neuronal sAD model (FBXO2KD sAD) that recapitulates a set of molecular hallmarks of sAD. We suggest that this strategy can be expanded towards the generation of panels of preclinical stem cell-derived models that recapitulate the molecular complexity of the broad spectrum of AD patients.
Association between urbanicity and depressive symptoms among Chinese middle-aged and older adults
Authors: Chen Yanhua , Wang Peicheng , He Qiaoyuan , Zhu Jiming , Kivimäki Mika , Livingston Gill , Sommerlad Andrew 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDepression is a pressing public health issue and may be affected by multifaceted urban living, yet the specific urbanicity elements associated is unclear. Using a multidimensional urbanicity scale, we explored the association between urbanicity and its components with the risk of depressive symptoms.MethodsThis study used data from four waves of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, including 12,515 participants aged ≥45 years at baseline in 2011 in 450 rural and urban communities, and 8,766 with 7 years of follow-up. Multilevel logistics regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models examined the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between urbanicity and depressive symptoms.ResultsLiving in areas with the highest tertile of urbanicity was associated with a 61% lower risk of depressive symptoms cross-sectionally (odds ratio (OR): 0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.30-0.50) and 33% lower risk longitudinally (hazard ratio (HR): 0.67, 95% CI: 0.58-0.77) compared to those living in areas with the lowest tertile of urbanicity. Among components, higher population density (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87-0.97), better education (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.89-0.99), transportation (OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98), sanitation (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.93-0.98) was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, while greater population educational and socioeconomic diversity (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03-1.13) had opposite effect. Better economic conditions (HR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.90-0.98) and availability of social services (HR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.93-0.99) were longitudinally associated with reduced risk of developing depressive symptoms during 7 years of follow-up. Additionally, differences in associated components were found between urban and rural residents and between midlife and older adults.ConclusionsOur findings underscore the complex links of urban living with depressive symptoms among middle-aged and older adults, highlighting the need to consider a multidimensional urbanicity perspective to understand the urbanicity-mental health nexus. Tailored urban planning policies should consider the associated urbanicity components, along with temporal effectiveness, urban-rural disparities, and age group differences.
Pharmacological blockade of glutamatergic input to the lateral habenula modulates consumption of palatable diet components in male Wistar rats
Authors: Slomp Margo , Spitters Milou T. , van Bergen Jolinde L. , van Irsen Astrid A.S. , Kool Tess , Eggels Leslie , Mul Joram D. , la Fleur Susanne E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe lateral habenula (LHb), a small epithalamic nucleus, modifies downstream midbrain dopamine neuron output to regulate negative state and aversion. Furthermore, specific glutamatergic input, from, among others, the lateral hypothalamus and central amygdala to LHb modulates consumption of (palatable) diet components. However, it is currently unclear if blockade of all glutamatergic input to the LHb is sufficient to alter eating behavior.Here, we used a pharmacological approach to inhibit all glutamatergic input to the LHb by bilateral infusion of either an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist (CNQX) or an NMDA receptor antagonist (AP5) in the LHb of male Wistars rats. We then measured consumption of various palatable diets a control diet, a free-choice high-fat diet (fcHFD), a free-choice high-sugar diet (fcHSD), and a free-choice high-fat high-sugar diet (fcHFHSD)] at various timepoints up to 24h following infusion. Rats consumed their respective diets for 14 days before infusion of vehicle, CNQX or AP5, performed in counter-balanced random order.Infusion of CNQX or AP5 did not acutely (i.e. 1, 3, or 6h following infusion) affect consumption of a fcHFHSD component. Infusion of AP5 decreased fat intake at later time points (i.e. 10 or 24h following infusion) in fcHFHSD- and fcHFD-fed, but not fcHSD-fed, rats. Combined infusion of CNQX and AP5 decreased sucrose water consumption at 24h following infusion in fcHFHSD-fed rats. Collectively, these observations indicate that blocking glutamatergic transmission in the LHb does not have a major impact on acute consumption of palatable free-choice diet components. Nonetheless, more subtle long-term effects were observed, suggesting a modulatory role of LHb in eating behavior in the current experimental set-up.
Experimental method for creating skin with acquired appendage dysfunction
Authors: Moriwaki Yuta , Shiraishi Makoto , Shen Qi , Du Zening , Okazaki Mutsumi , Kurita Masakazu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMammalian skin appendages, such as hair follicles and sweat glands, are essential for both esthetic and functional purposes. Conditions such as burns and ulcers can lead to dysfunction or loss of skin appendages and result in hair loss and dry skin, posing challenges in their regeneration. Existing animal models are insufficient for studying acquired dysfunction of skin appendages without underlying genetic causes. This study aimed to develop more clinically relevant mouse models by evaluating two approaches: keratinocyte transplantation and grafting of skin at varying thicknesses. GFP-expressing keratinocytes were transplanted into ulcers on nude mice, leading to re-epithelialization with minimal skin appendages at 4 weeks after transplantation. However, the re-epithelialized area was largely derived from recipient cells, with the grafted cells contributing to only 1.31% of the area. In the skin grafting model, donor skin from GFP transgenic mice was grafted onto nude mice at three thicknesses: full thickness, 10/1000 inch, and 5/1000 inch. The grafted area of the 5/1000-inch grafts remained stable at 89.5% of its original size 5 weeks after transplantation, ensuring a sufficiently large skin area. The 5/1000-inch grafts resulted in a significant reduction in skin appendages, with a mean of only 3.73 hair follicles per 5 mm, compared with 69.7 in the control group. The 5/1000-inch skin grafting in orthotopic autologous transplantation also showed the achievement of skin surfaces with a minimal number of skin appendages. Therefore, a mouse model with skin grafting demonstrated stability in producing large areas of skin with minimal appendages. In conclusion, these two models with acquired skin appendage dysfunction and no underlying genetic causes provide valuable tools for researching skin appendage regeneration, offering insights into potential therapeutic strategies for conditions involving skin appendage loss.
Mechanistic insights into gene expression changes and electric organ discharge elongation in mormyrid electric fish
Authors: Losilla Mauricio , Gallant Jason R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectric organ discharge (EOD) duration in African weakly electric fish (Mormyridae) is the most variable waveform component between species and the basis for distinguishing species-specific signals. EOD duration is thought to be influenced by morphological and physiological features of electrocytes (the cells that comprise the electric organ), but the mechanistic details are poorly understood. It has long been known that EOD duration is modulated by androgen hormones, affording an opportunity to identify gene expression correlates of EOD duration differences. We induced EOD elongation in the mormyridBrienomyrus brachyistiusby administering 17α-methyltestosterone (17αMT) to three treatment groups: control (no 17αMT exposure), T1day and T8day (samples taken one and eight days after a single exposure to 17αMT, respectively). We then performed RNAseq, differential gene expression, and functional enrichment analysis to detect gene expression changes during EOD duration change. Our analyses indicate 44 genes whose expression changed in tandem with EOD elongation and include genes responsible for actin filaments and microtubules, extracellular matrix organization, and membrane lipid metabolism. Additionally, we found expression changes in one Na+channel beta subunit, and five K+voltage-gated channels. Together, these genes point toward specific cellular processes that contribute to morphological and physiological changes that contribute to EOD duration changes.
Phytop: A tool for visualizing and recognizing signals of incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization using species trees output from ASTRAL
Authors: Shang Hongyun , Jia Kaihua , Zhou Minjie , Yang Hao , Ma Yongpeng , Zhang Rengang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIncomplete lineage sorting (ILS) and introgression/hybridization (IH) is prevalent in nature and thus frequently result in discrepancies within phylogenetic tree topologies, leading to misinterpretation of phylogenomic data. Despite the availability of numerous tools for detecting ILS and IH among species, many of these tools are lacking effective visualization, or are time-consuming, or require prior predetermination. Here, we addressed these shortcomings by developing a fast-running, user-friendly tool called Phytop. By defining ILS and IH indices to quantify ILS and IH, this tool can detect the extent of ILS and IH among lineages with high reliability, and can visualize them based on the gene tree topology patterns constructed using ASTRAL. We tested Phytop extensively using both simulated and real data, and found that it enables users to quickly and conveniently estimate the extent of ILS and IH, thus clarifying the phylogenetic uncertainty. Phytop is available athttps://github.com/zhangrengang/phytopand is expected to conveniently contribute to the intuitive inference of genetic relationships among lineages in future research.
Exploring the Regeneration Dynamics and Conservation Threats to EndemicRhododendron kesangiae(D.G. Long & Rushforth) in Bhutan’s National Botanical Park at Lungchutse, Dochula
Authors: Dolkar Chogyal Tshering , Dorji Yonten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRhododendron kesangiaeis a species endemic to the Eastern Himalayas named after the Queen mother of Bhutan, HRH Ashi Kesang Choden Wangchuk. The study on the regeneration and conservation threat ofRhododendron kesangiaeis of utmost importance in this changing climate and growing human interference in the natural population of Rhododendrons. However, there is limited documentation and study on this species’ ecology, regeneration, and conservation status. Therefore, this study was undertaken to assess the regeneration ecology and conservation status of R.kesangiaein one of Bhutan’s National Botanical Park at Lungchutse, Dochula. The study area was divided into six transects along the North East and North West aspects. The regeneration status of R.kesangiaewas determined by counting the number of seedlings, saplings and adults in the 5 × 5 m transects. Composite soil samples were collected from the 5 × 5 m quadrant. Associated tree species data were gathered from 20 × 20 m quadrants in each plot. The study found that the regeneration status of R.kesangiaewas fair regeneration with the seedlings ≤ saplings > adults. The most dominant tree species found wereTsuga Dumosaand the least dominant species wasJuniperus recurva. Soil parameters such as soil moisture significantly impacted the regeneration ofR. kesangiae(r= 0.52,p= 0.003). Precipitation had a significant impact on the regeneration and growth of R.kesangiae(r= 0.37,p= 0.043), while other environmental variables such as slope, temperature and elevation did not show a significant impact. The conservation threats were documented using Miradi. This study sheds important light on the species’ regeneration ecology and conservation status highlighiting the importance of monitoring and conservation efforts to ensue their long-term survival and keeping them from falling into the highest conservation threat categories.
The sodium leak channel NALCN is regulated by neuronal SNARE complex proteins
Authors: Usher Samuel , Toulmé Estelle , Florea Roberta , Yatskevich Stanislau , Jao Christine C. , Colding Janne M. , Joshi Prajakta , Zilberleyb Inna , Trimbuch Thorsten , Brokowski Bettina , Hauser Alexander S. , Leitner Alexander , Rosenmund Christian , Kschonsak Marc , Pless Stephan A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe sodium leak channel NALCN is vital for the regulation of electrical activity in neurons and other excitable cells, and mutations in the channel or its auxiliary proteins lead to severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we show that the neuronal SNARE complex proteins syntaxin and SNAP25, which enable synaptic transmission in the nervous system, inhibit the activity of the NALCN channel complex in both heterologous systems and primary neurons. The existence of this interaction suggests that the neurotransmitter release machinery can regulate electrical signalling directly, and therefore modulate the threshold for its own activity. We further find that reduction of NALCN currents is sufficient to promote cell survival in syntaxin-depleted cells. This suggests that disinhibited NALCN may cause the puzzling phenomenon of rapid neuronal cell death in the absence of syntaxin. This interaction may offer opportunities for future drug development against genetic diseases linked to both NALCN- and SNARE protein-containing complexes.
Thermal feedback in coaxial superconducting radio frequency cavities
Authors: McMullin Mattias , Kolb Philipp , Yao Zhongyuan , Laxdal Robert , Junginger Tobias 
Published: September 2024

The surface resistance of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities depends on the strength of the applied rf field. This field dependence is caused by a combination of intrinsic losses and the extrinsic thermal feedback (TFB) effect. To test theories of intrinsic field dependence, the extrinsic part must be compensated for when analyzing experimental data from SRF cavity tests. Performing this compensation requires knowing thermal parameters that describe heat flow in the cavity walls. The relevant thermal parameters have been measured in the case of superfluid helium, below 2.177 K, but no detailed measurements have yet been reported for cooling of niobium surfaces in normal fluid helium baths. Because of this, the impact of TFB on the field dependence at temperatures near 4.2 K is unknown. In the present study, we report measurements of normal fluid helium boiling from niobium surfaces and its dependence on the orientation of the boiling surface and bath temperature. These measurements are used to create a finite-element model of heat transfer in cavities from TRIUMF’s coaxial test program. This tool is then used to compensate for TFB when analyzing a range of datasets from this program. Results are presented showing that TFB has a weak impact for the temperatures of 2.0 and 4.2 K, where SRF cavities are usually operated, but it is an important effect at intermediate temperatures.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Institutional, macroeconomic and firm-specific determinants of financial leverage: the case of Vietnam
Authors: Hoang Vu Hiep 
Published: September 2024

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the institutional, macroeconomic and firm-specific determinants of financial leverage in Vietnam and provides new evidence from the dynamic panel fractional estimator.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a panel dataset of 859 Vietnamese firms from 2008 to 2022 and employs three estimators: Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), System Generalized Method of Moments (SysGMM) and Dynamic Panel Fractional (DPF), with DPF being particularly suitable for handling fractional dependent variables and the dynamic nature of financial leverage.FindingsThe results confirm the dynamic nature of the financial leverage model, with firm-specific factors, institutional factors and macroeconomic factors playing significant roles in shaping firms' financing decisions. The DPF estimator highlights the positive impact of stock market development on leverage. This study contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on the determinants of leverage in Vietnam, using the DPF estimator for more accurate estimation and revealing the significant impact of the size of the banking sector, the size of the stock market, the stock market development index, the financial development index and the corruption perception index on leverage.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by providing new evidence on the dynamic nature of the financial leverage model and the impact of institutional, macroeconomic and firm-specific factors on financial leverage in the context of Vietnam. The use of the DPF estimator allows for a more accurate and reliable estimation of the determinants of leverage, considering the fractional nature of the dependent variable and the persistence of capital structure decisions over time.
The emulsifying capacity and stability of potato proteins and peptides: A comprehensive review
Authors: Bashash Moein , Wang‐Pruski Gefu , He Quan Sophia , Sun Xiaohong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe potato has recently attracted more attention as a promising protein source. Potato proteins are commonly extracted from potato fruit juice, a byproduct of starch production. Potato proteins are characterized by superior techno‐functional properties, such as water solubility, gel‐forming, emulsifying, and foaming properties. However, commercially isolated potato proteins are often denatured, leading to a loss of these functionalities. Extensive research has explored the influence of different conditions and techniques on the emulsifying capacity and stability of potato proteins. However, there has been no comprehensive review of this topic yet. This paper aims to provide an in‐depth overview of current research progress on the emulsifying capacity and stability of potato proteins and peptides, discussing research challenges and future perspectives. This paper discusses genetic diversity in potato proteins and various methods for extracting proteins from potatoes, including thermal and acid precipitation, salt precipitation, organic solvent precipitation, carboxymethyl cellulose complexation, chromatography, and membrane technology. It also covers enzymatic hydrolysis for producing potato‐derived peptides and methods for identifying potato protein–derived emulsifying peptides. Furthermore, it reviews the influence of factors, such as physicochemical properties, environmental conditions, and food‐processing techniques on the emulsifying capacity and stability of potato proteins and their derived peptides. Finally, it highlights chemical modifications, such as acylation, succinylation, phosphorylation, and glycation to enhance emulsifying capacity and stability. This review provides insight into future research directions for utilizing potato proteins as sustainable protein sources and high‐value food emulsifiers, thereby contributing to adding value to the potato processing industry.
Acute myocardial infarction as presenting symptom of thymoma with compression on a coronary stent
Authors: Leonardi Beatrice , Natale Giovanni , Laperuta Paolo , Scaramuzzi Roberto , Apostolico Gianfranco , Leone Francesco , Bergaminelli Carlo , Fiorelli Alfonso 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report the clinical case of a patient with acute myocardial infarction due to coronary stent compression as first manifestation of a large thymoma. The patient underwent a coronarography and thrombus aspiration + plain old balloon angioplasty restoring the stent patency. The mass resection was performed through left robotic‐assisted thoracic surgery (RATS), resulting in a type A thymoma pT1a, IIb Masaoka‐Koga. An uncommon presentation led to early diagnosis and treatment of a thymoma with both oncological and functional significance.