bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality Control of Compounded Crystalloid Fluids for Intravenous Delivery to Horses
Authors: Magnusson C.B. , Poulsen K.P. , Budde J.A. , Hartmann F.A. , Aulik N.A. , Raabis S.M. , Moreira A.S.D. , Darien B.J. , Peek S.F. 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundPeriodic lack of availability and high cost of commercially produced isotonic fluids for intravenous (IV) use in horses have increasingly led to use of home‐made or commercially compound fluids by veterinarians. Data regarding the quality control and safety of compounded fluids would be of benefit to equine veterinarians.ObjectivesTo compare electrolyte concentrations, sterility, and endotoxin contamination of commercially available fluids to 2 forms of compounded isotonic crystalloid fluids intended for IV use in horses.MethodsProspective study. Two methods of preparing compounded crystalloids formulated to replicate commercial Plasma‐Lyte A (Abbott, Chicago, IL) were compared. One formulation was prepared by a hand‐mixed method involving chlorinated drinking water commonly employed by equine practitioners, and the other was prepared by means of ingredients obtained from a commercial compounding pharmacy. The variables for comparison were electrolyte concentrations, sterility, and presence of endotoxin contamination.ResultsElectrolyte concentrations were consistent within each product but different between types of fluids (P < 0.0001). Hand‐mixed fluids had significantly more bacterial contamination compared to commercial Plasma‐Lyte A (P = 0.0014). One of the hand‐mixed fluid samples had detectable endotoxin contamination.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceChlorinated drinking water is not an acceptable source of water to compound isotonic fluids for IV administration. Equine practitioners should be aware of this risk and obtain the informed consent of their clients.
How cyclical and predictable are Central European temperate forest dynamics in terms of development phases?
Authors: Král Kamil , Daněk Pavel , Janík David , Krůček Martin , Vrška Tomáš 
Published: November 2017

AbstractQuestionsRecently there have been vital discussions about the validity of the European patch‐mosaic conceptual model of forest dynamics – the traditional concept of a shifting patch‐mosaic of development stages and phases, also known as the forest cycle concept. Here we try to answer the fundamental questions of this debate: (1) how much do forest dynamics proceed along a predictable path (in a chronological sequence: growth—optimum—breakdown); or (2) vice versa, are the patches rather a result of disturbances and/or other stochastic growth and mortality patterns?LocationFive long‐term research plots in four different study sites of Central European natural temperate forests.MethodsThe long‐term evolution of forest development phases was analysed with a GIS‐based, spatially explicit, fully reproducible method enabling accurate verification of the functionality of the model forest cycle. We analysed long‐term transitions among forest development phases from the 1970s through the 1990s to 2000s. Observed phase‐to‐phase transitions were compared to a random transition model. We identified preferential pathways within the forest cycle model as well as the proportion of cyclic/acyclic transitions.ResultsIn total, across all sites and observation periods, about 65% of all observed phase‐to‐phase transitions were realized through preferential pathways, about 28% of observed transitions went along pathways of random frequency and only about 7% of observed transitions were realized through uncommon development pathways. On the other hand, less than 40% of all observed transitions might be classified as cyclic (following the model cycle), and thus more than 60% of the transitions were acyclic (moving across or backward in the model cycle). The overall pattern of all observed transitions resembled a complex web rather than a simple repeating cycle.ConclusionsAlthough in all sites we documented signs of the cyclic and predictable development anticipated by the forest cycle concept, the predominance and stochastic nature of multiple acyclic development pathways gave rise to reasonable doubts on the legitimacy and usability of the concept for descriptions of forest dynamics. On the other hand, the verification of the concept may contribute significantly to our understanding of the complexity of forest dynamics.
Deciphering the demographic history of allochronic differentiation in the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa
Authors: Leblois R. , Gautier M. , Rohfritsch A. , Foucaud J. , Burban C. , Galan M. , Loiseau A. , Sauné L. , Branco M. , Gharbi K. , Vitalis R. , Kerdelhué C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUnderstanding the processes of adaptive divergence, which may ultimately lead to speciation, is a major question in evolutionary biology. Allochronic differentiation refers to a particular situation where gene flow is primarily impeded by temporal isolation between early and late reproducers. This process has been suggested to occur in a large array of organisms, even though it is still overlooked in the literature. We here focused on a well‐documented case of incipient allochronic speciation in the winter pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa. This species typically reproduces in summer and larval development occurs throughout autumn and winter. A unique, phenologically shifted population (SP) was discovered in 1997 in Portugal. It was proved to be strongly differentiated from the sympatric “winter population” (WP), but its evolutionary history could only now be explored. We took advantage of the recent assembly of a draft genome and of the development of pan‐genomic RAD‐seq markers to decipher the demographic history of the differentiating populations and develop genome scans of adaptive differentiation. We showed that the SP diverged relatively recently, that is, few hundred years ago, and went through two successive bottlenecks followed by population size expansions, while the sympatric WP is currently experiencing a population decline. We identified outlier SNPs that were mapped onto the genome, but none were associated with the phenological shift or with subsequent adaptations. The strong genetic drift that occurred along the SP lineage certainly challenged our capacity to reveal functionally important loci.
Fast and robust detection of ancestral selective sweeps
Authors: Cheng Xiaoheng , Xu Cheng , DeGiorgio Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere are few methods tailored for detecting signals of positive selection in populations directly ancestral to multiple descendent populations. We introduce the ancestral branch statistic (ABS), a four‐population summary statistic for identifying selective sweeps occurring in the direct ancestor of a pair of populations. Simulations show that ABS performs at least as well as, and often better under model violations, than the complementary likelihood approach of 3P‐CLR across diverse selection scenarios and parameter values. We first applied ABS to contemporary human genomic data to identify genes that may have been adaptive in ancestral East Asian populations, uncovering the well‐established candidate EDAR, as well as a novel candidate SLC35F3, which encodes a putative thiamine transporter that may have been involved in adaptation to eating polished grains. Next, we performed scans with ancient European genomic data to reexamine evidence of recent positive selection in ancestral Europeans. The MCM6/LCT cluster and the SLC45A2 and HERC2 genes are strong outliers, agreeing with previous studies. Novel candidates, such as SLC30A9 and CYP1A2, may have been involved in adaptation to local nutrient sufficiency and lifestyle changes. Finally, we provide open‐source software, CalcABS, which can perform genomic scans of ancestral sweeps with ABS from population allele frequency data.
Ancient symbiosis confers desiccation resistance to stored grain pest beetles
Authors: Engl Tobias , Eberl Nadia , Gorse Carla , Krüger Theresa , Schmidt Thorsten H. P. , Plarre Rudy , Adler Cornel , Kaltenpoth Martin 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMicrobial symbionts of insects provide a range of ecological traits to their hosts that are beneficial in the context of biotic interactions. However, little is known about insect symbiont‐mediated adaptation to the abiotic environment, for example, temperature and humidity. Here, we report on an ancient clade of intracellular, bacteriome‐located Bacteroidetes symbionts that are associated with grain and wood pest beetles of the phylogenetically distant families Silvanidae and Bostrichidae. In the saw‐toothed grain beetle Oryzaephilus surinamensis, we demonstrate that the symbionts affect cuticle thickness, melanization and hydrocarbon profile, enhancing desiccation resistance and thereby strongly improving fitness under dry conditions. Together with earlier observations on symbiont contributions to cuticle biosynthesis in weevils, our findings indicate that convergent acquisitions of bacterial mutualists represented key adaptations enabling diverse pest beetle groups to survive and proliferate under the low ambient humidity that characterizes dry grain storage facilities.
Pavement Crack Width Measurement Based on Laplace's Equation for Continuity and Unambiguity
Authors: Wang Wenjuan , Zhang Allen , Wang Kelvin C. P. , Braham Andrew F. , Qiu Shi 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCrack is one of the most important pavement condition indicators that are immediately relevant to water ingress and pavement deterioration. In practices of pavement management, crack width has been extensively referenced by highway agencies to determine pavement crack severity. Accurate measurement of pavement crack width is meaningful for highway agencies in understanding the mechanism of crack formation, and in predicting crack propagation. This article presents a new automatic method for measuring crack width using the binary crack map images. The proposed method introduces a new crack width definition and formulates it using the Laplace's Equation so that crack width can be continuously and unambiguously measured. Two algorithms, including the crack blob extraction algorithm and the crack boundary extraction algorithm, are developed to implement the proposed formulation in an automated fashion. Experimental tests using both synthetic data and field data are conducted to demonstrate the accuracy and reliability of the proposed method. A case study on crack width propagation is also performed to demonstrate the practical capacity of the proposed method. The results of the experimental tests and the outcome of the case study have demonstrated that the proposed method, together with the existing crack map extraction algorithms, provides a promising means for consistent and unambiguous crack width measurement supporting automated pavement condition evaluation.
Dental properties, ultrastructure, and pulp cells associated with a novel DSPP mutation
Authors: Porntaveetus T , Osathanon T , Nowwarote N , Pavasant P , Srichomthong C , Suphapeetiporn K , Shotelersuk V 
Published: November 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate physical characteristics and behaviours of dental pulp cells of teeth isolated from a dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) patient with a novel dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mutation.Subjects and MethodsWhole exome and Sanger sequencing were employed to identify mutations. Physical characteristics of the teeth were examined. Pulp cells’ behaviours including cell proliferation, colony‐forming unit, osteogenic differentiation, pluripotent markers, and mesenchymal stem cell markers were investigated.ResultsThe proband had opalescent brown primary teeth with extensive loss of enamel. Mutation analysis revealed a novel heterozygous 4‐bp deletion, c.1915_1918delAAGT (p.K639QfsX674), in exon 5 of the DSPP associated with DGI. Analysis of the extracted primary incisor demonstrated a decrease in brightness but an increase in yellow and red chroma. The dentin showed reduced mineral density. The dentinal tubules were present in the predentin, but progressively collapsed in the dentin. The pulp cells exhibited markedly reduced CD105 expression, decreased cell proliferation, and smaller colony‐forming units.ConclusionsWe identified a novel mutation in the DSPP gene which disturbed dentin characteristics and pulp cells’ behaviours. Our study expands the mutation spectrum and understanding of pathologic dentin phenotypes related to the frameshift deletion in the dentin phosphoprotein (DPP) region of the DSPP gene.
Providing Sanctuary or Fostering Crime? A Review of the Research on “Sanctuary Cities” and Crime​
Authors: Martínez Daniel E. , Martínez‐Schuldt Ricardo D. , Cantor Guillermo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent high‐profile, isolated incidents of violent crime committed by deportable noncitizens have led to increased public attention paid to so‐called “sanctuary” cities, with some policymakers calling for the eradication of policies limiting local officials' role in the enforcement of immigration law. This current public and political debate provides an opportunity to critically examine the existing literature on immigrant “sanctuaries.” We begin by offering a broad definition and description of “sanctuary” policies. We follow by discussing how and why such policies have evolved since the early 1980s. Considering the public safety concerns often articulated in contemporary political discourse, we then offer possible sociological explanations regarding how these policies might either be positively or negatively associated with crime. We subsequently highlight findings from existing empirical research that examines the relationship between the adoption or presence of “sanctuary” policies and crime. The few empirical studies that exist illustrate a “null” or negative relationship between these policies and crime. We conclude by offering possible directions for future research.
Connections between preschoolers' temperament traits and social behaviors as observed in a preschool setting
Authors: Gornik Allison E. , Neal Jennifer W. , Lo Sharon L. , Durbin C. Emily 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA growing literature has focused on the role children's temperament traits play in social behavior, but associations have traditionally been explored through informant report. We utilized a longitudinal, observational approach to (a) examine how children's traits related to their social behaviors when aggregated across the school year; (b) explore how traits and social behavior relate to children's age and sex; and (c) test how prior traits predicted subsequent change in solitary, reticent, and social play, above and beyond mean‐level change in play behavior over the course of the year. Fifty‐three children were observed in their preschool classroom, where coders rated children's traits and social behaviors over the course of one school year (N = 26,673 observations). Results found positive age‐related associations for positive emotionality (PE) and social play. In addition, aggregated traits explained a significant amount of the variance for every social behavior. Prior levels of lower PE, higher negative emotionality (NE), and higher effortful control (EC) predicted more subsequent time spent in reticent play, while NE and EC approached significance as predictors of solitary play. These results emphasize the role of early disposition on mean levels and rates of change in social behavior in a classroom.
A specific device for enhanced measurement of mechanical dissipation in specimens subjected to long‐term tensile tests in fatigue
Authors: Delpueyo D. , Balandraud X. , Grédiac M. , Stanciu S. , Cimpoesu N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a calorimetric approach to the measurement of mechanical dissipation in specimens subjected to cyclic tensile tests. Mechanical dissipation, that is, the heat power produced by the material due to mechanical irreversibility, can potentially be deduced from the temperature changes captured on the specimen surface by infrared thermography. However, a difficulty arises for long‐term cyclic tests: Results are easily skewed by any change in the specimen's environment. The problem is amplified by the fact that mechanical dissipation is in general small compared to the heat sources associated with thermomechanical couplings, making its estimation difficult. The paper proposes a simple procedure to extract a well‐resolved estimation of mechanical dissipation by solving two key points specific to long‐term cyclic tests: (a) the reduction of the parasitic effects associated with changes in the specimen's environment by using a specific device based on two references samples and (b) the choice of relevant thermal data acquisition parameters. A test is performed on a copper‐based shape‐memory alloy whose calorific response comprises three origins of heat sources: thermoelastic coupling, phase transformation, and mechanical irreversibility. The results obtained demonstrate the relevancy of the approach in extracting mechanical dissipation from the thermal response of the specimen subjected to long‐term tensile tests in fatigue.
Cover Image, Volume 15, Issue 4
Authors: Lai S. R. , Castello S. A. , Robinson A. C. , Koehler J. W. 
Published: November 2017

The cover image, by S. R. Lai et al., is based on the Original Article In vitro anti‐tubulin effects of mebendazole and fenbendazole on canine glioma cells, DOI: 10.1111/vco.12288
image
Standing thyroidectomy in 10 horses
Authors: Marcatili Marco , Voss Sarah J. , Pollock Patrick J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a surgical technique for thyroidectomy in horses with thyroid neoplasia under standing sedation and local anesthesia.Study designRetrospective study.AnimalsClient‐owned horses (n = 10).MethodsMedical records of horses with a history of thyroid enlargement were included in the study if thyroid gland enlargement was treated surgically via hemi‐ or bilateral thyroidectomy, with the horse standing and sedated. Data derived from follow‐up clinical examination, performance level, recurrence, and cosmetic outcome were evaluated.ResultsThyroid enlargement was unilateral in 8 and bilateral in 2 horses. Histopathological findings included adenomas (5/10), adenocarcinomas (2/10), cystic hyperplasia (2/10), and C‐cell adenoma (1/10). No major complications were encountered during or after surgery. All horses resumed their previous level of exercise within 6 weeks. Recurrence was diagnosed in 1 horse, 7 months after excision, and a second surgery was required. Recurrent laryngeal nerve neuropathy and seroma formation subsequent to surgery were not recorded in any of the cases.ConclusionThyroidectomy can safely be performed with the horse standing and sedated with local anesthesia.Clinical relevancePerforming standing thyroidectomy does not increase intraoperative or postoperative complications and could be considered for horses with thyroid enlargement amenable to surgery.
Predicting Invasive Aspergillosis in Hematology Patients by Combining Clinical and Genetic Risk Factors with Early Diagnostic Biomarkers
Authors: White P. Lewis , Parr Christian , Barnes Rosemary A. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

Personalized medicine provides a strategic approach to the management of IA. The incidence of IA in high-risk hematology populations is relatively low (<10%), despite unavoidable
Aspergillus
exposure in patients with a potentially similar clinical risk. Nonclinical variables, including genetic mutations that increase susceptibility to IA, could explain why only certain patients develop the disease. This study screened for mutations in 322 hematology patients classified according to IA status and developed a predictive model based on genetic risk, established clinical risk factors, and diagnostic biomarkers. Genetic markers were determined by real-time PCR and, with clinical risk factors and
Aspergillus
PCR results, subjected to multilogistic regression analysis to identify a best-fit model for predicting IA. The probability of IA was calculated, and an optimal threshold was determined. Mutations in dectin-1 (rs7309123) and DC-SIGN (rs11465384 and rs7248637), allogeneic stem cell transplantation, respiratory virus infection, and
Aspergillus
PCR positivity were all significant risk factors for developing IA and were combined in a predictive model. An optimal threshold requiring three positive factors generated a mean sensitivity/specificity of 70.4%/89.2% and a probability of developing IA of 56.7%. In patients with no risk factors, the probability of developing IA was 2.4%, compared to >79.1% in patients with four or more factors. Using a risk threshold of 50%, preemptive therapy would have been prescribed for 8.4% of the population. This pilot study shows that patients can be stratified according to risk of IA, providing personalized medicine based on strategic evidence for the management of IA. Further studies are required to confirm this approach.
Use of the Accelerate Pheno System for Identification and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Pathogens in Positive Blood Cultures and Impact on Time to Results and Workflow
Authors: Charnot-Katsikas Angella , Tesic Vera , Love Nedra , Hill Brandy , Bethel Cindy , Boonlayangoor Sue , Beavis Kathleen G. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACT

The Accelerate Pheno system uses automated fluorescence
in situ
hybridization technology with morphokinetic cellular analysis to provide rapid species identification (ID) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) results for the most commonly identified organisms in bloodstream infections. The objective was to evaluate the accuracy and workflow of bacterial and yeast ID and bacterial AST using the Accelerate Pheno system in the clinical microbiology laboratory. The consecutive fresh blood cultures received in the laboratory were analyzed by the Accelerate Pheno system within 0 to 8 h of growth detection. ID/AST performance, the average times to results, and workflow were compared to those of the routine standard of care. Of the 232 blood cultures evaluated (223 monomicrobial and 9 polymicrobial) comprising 241 organisms, the overall sensitivity and specificity for the identification of organisms were 95.6% and 99.5%, respectively. For antimicrobial susceptibility, the overall essential agreement was 95.1% and categorical agreement was 95.5% compared to routine methods. There was one very major error and 3 major errors. The time to identification and the time to susceptibility using the Accelerate Pheno system were decreased by 23.47 and 41.86 h, respectively, compared to those for the standard of care. The reduction in hands on time was 25.5 min per culture. The Accelerate Pheno system provides rapid and accurate ID/AST results for most of the organisms found routinely in blood cultures. It is easy to use, reduces hands on time for ID/AST of common blood pathogens, and enables clinically actionable results to be released much earlier than with the current standard of care.