bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equine Doping Controls of Thymosin β$$ \beta $$4: A Population Study and Strategy for Misuse Detection
Authors: Delcourt Vivian , Garcia Patrice , Chabot Benjamin , Aber Nina , Pescher Mylène , Cacault Marie , Scholtes Priscilla , Loup Benoit , Barnabé Agnès , Popot Marie‐Agnès , Bailly‐Chouriberry Ludovic 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThymosin 4 (TB4) is a ubiquitous, highly conserved and abundant peptide among mammals with a critical role in cytoskeleton organization. In spite of its yet non‐authorized use as a medicine and being forbidden by the IFHA, the FEI, and the WADA, intelligence and doping control laboratories reported numerous products available online claiming to contain a synthetic acetylated fragment of TB4 or TB4 itself, promoted as a growth factor with regenerative properties. In this article, the first estimation of the endogenous TB4 concentration in racing horses’ blood samples was performed through a population study. We reveal that this concentration does not significantly depend on gender, age, nor horse breed. We highlight that the TB4 concentration increases significantly and rapidly in plasma stored at 4°C when not separated from blood cells due to cell lysis. Finally, we also demonstrate that the detection of a non‐natural synthesis impurity is possible in equine plasma after a single dose administration of a TB4 containing product to a horse.
Pd‐Catalyzed Cyclization of o‐Iodoanilines with Acrylates or Acrylic Acids: A Convenient One‐Step Route to 2‐Quinolinones
Authors: Chen Xia , Liu Chun‐Yan , Zhou Jia‐Hui , Zhou Xiao‐Yu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA convenient and general method for the construction of 2‐quinolinones was developed in this paper. The Pd‐catalyzed cyclization reaction of various o‐iodoanilines with acrylates or acrylic acids proceeded smoothly to produce 2‐quinolinones in 28–>99 % yields. The key to achieve the cyclization reaction is to utilize suitable base, such as potassium pivalate and potassium acetate. Various synthetically useful functional groups, such as halogen atoms, methoxycarbonyl, and nitro groups, remained intact during the reaction. The effects of catalyst and base on this cyclization reaction and kinetic experiments were investigated to understand the aspect of the reaction.
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Gene‐Environment Interaction Research
Authors: Calluori Stephanie , Heimke Kaitlin Kirkpatrick , Caga‐anan Charlisse , Kaufman David , Mechanic Leah E. , McAllister Kimberly A. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTMany complex disorders are impacted by the interplay of genetic and environmental factors. In gene‐environment interactions (GxE), an individual's genetic and epigenetic makeup impacts the response to environmental exposures. Understanding GxE can impact health at the individual, community, and population levels. The rapid expansion of GxE research in biomedical studies for complex diseases raises many unique ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSIs) that have not been extensively explored and addressed. This review article builds on discussions originating from a workshop held by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) and the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) in January 2022, entitled: “Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Gene‐Environment Interaction Research.” We expand upon multiple key themes to inform broad recommendations and general guidance for addressing some of the most unique and challenging ELSI in GxE research. Key takeaways include strategies and approaches for establishing sustainable community partnerships, incorporating social determinants of health and environmental justice considerations into GxE research, effectively communicating and translating GxE findings, and addressing privacy and discrimination concerns in all GxE research going forward. Additional guidelines, resources, approaches, training, and capacity building are required to further support innovative GxE research and multidisciplinary GxE research teams.
Efficacy and mechanism of action of ginsenoside Rg3 on radiation proctitis in rats
Authors: Li Xuxia , Lin Lili , Duan Xiaoyu , Dai Jiuju , Hu Tingting , Cai Hongyi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveRadiation proctitis (RP) refers to rectal injury caused by radiation treatment of pelvic and retroperitoneal malignancies, which has a major impact on the treatment prognosis and quality of life of patients with cancer. The tetracyclic triterpene saponin monomer ginsenoside Rg3 (GRg3), the primary bioactive ingredient in ginseng extracts, has therapeutic effects against RP in rats. Here, we validated its efficacy and elucidated its mechanism of action.MethodsA rat RP model was established in 48 Wistar rats. Rats were randomly divided into control (untreated), irradiation, irradiation + dexamethasone, and irradiation + GRg3 (low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose) groups. After 2 weeks' treatment, serum IL‐4, IL‐10, and TNF‐α levels were tested by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays. In rectal tissue, Ikbkb, Ikka, and Casp8 mRNA expression was detected by a reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction. IKK‐β, IκB‐α, p‐IκB‐α, p50, and caspase‐8 protein levels were determined by western blot analysis.ResultsGRg3 significantly improved the general condition and histopathological damage in rats with RP. Moreover, GRg3 decreased the levels of factors that promote inflammation (TNF‐α) and increased the levels of factors that reduce inflammation (IL‐4 and IL‐10). GRg3 markedly reduced the activation of NF‐κB and caspase‐8 signaling pathways.ConclusionsThus, GRg3 may reduce the inflammatory response by blocking the NF‐κB signaling pathway and improving the balance of inflammation‐related factors. GRg3 may also inhibit intestinal cell apoptosis by suppressing the TNF‐α/caspase‐8 signaling cascade, thereby reducing radiological rectal injury. Our results verify that GRg3 is a promising therapeutic agent for RP treatment and shed light on its mechanism.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with antibody‐related autoimmune encephalitis presenting with disorders of consciousness: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Shan Dawei , Zhang Huimin , Cui Lili , Chai Shuting , Chen Weibi , Liu Gang , Tian Fei , Fan Linlin , Yang Le , Zhang Yan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the clinical characteristics, short‐ and long‐term functional outcomes, and risk factors for antibody‐related autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in patients with disorders of consciousness (DoC).MethodsClinical data were collected from AE patients admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2012 to December 2021, and patients were followed up for up to 24 months after immunotherapy.ResultsA total of 312 patients with AE were included: 197 (63.1%) with anti‐NMDAR encephalitis, 71 (22.8%) with anti‐LGI1 encephalitis, 20 (6.4%) with anti‐GABAbR encephalitis, 10 (3.2%) with anti‐CASPR2 encephalitis, 10 (3.2%) with anti‐GAD65 encephalitis, and 4 (1.3%) with anti‐AMPAR2 encephalitis. Among these patients, 32.4% (101/312) presented with DoC, and the median (interquartile range, IQR) time to DoC was 16 (7.5, 32) days. DoC patients had higher rates of various clinical features of AE (p < .05). DoC was associated with elevated lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure, CSF leukocyte count, and specific antibody titer (p < .05). A high percentage of patients in the DoC group had a poor prognosis at discharge and at 6 months after immunotherapy (p < .001), but no significant difference in prognosis was noted between the DoC group and the non‐DoC group at 12 and 24 months after immunotherapy. Dyskinesia (OR = 3.266, 95% CI: 1.550–6.925, p = .002), autonomic dysfunction (OR = 5.871, 95% CI: 2.574–14.096, and p < .001), increased CSF pressure (OR = 1.007, 95% CI: 1.001–1.014, p = .046), and modified Rankin scale (mRS) score ≥3 at the initiation of immunotherapy (OR = 7.457, 95% CI: 3.225–18.839, p < .001) were independent risk factors for DoC in AE patients.ConclusionDoC is a relatively common clinical symptom in patients with AE, especially critically ill patients. Despite requiring longer hospitalization, DoC mostly improves with treatment of the primary disease and has a good long‐term prognosis after aggressive life support and combination immunotherapy.
Finance research over 40 years: What can we learn from machine learning?
Authors: Liu Po‐Yu , Wang Zigan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe apply machine learning models to a universe of 20,185 finance articles published between 1976 and 2015 on 17 finance journals, and objectively identify 38 research topics. The financial crisis, hedge/mutual fund, social network, and culture were the fastest growing topics, while market microstructure, initial public offering, and option pricing shrank most from 2006 to 2015. We also list each topic's most cited papers, and present the fastest‐growing topics among the universe of 130,547 SSRN working papers. Moreover, we find a bibliometric regularity: the number of researchers covering n topics is about twice the number of researchers covering n + 1 topics.
Drugs in focus: Botulinum toxin in the therapy of gastrointestinal disorders in children
Authors: Homan Matjaž , Thomson Mike , Bontems Patrick , Saccomani Marco Deganello , Dias Jorge Amil , Faraci Simona , Furlano Raoul , Hojsak Iva , Ledder Oren , Slae Mordechai , Narula Priya , Nita Andreia Florina , Norsa Lorenzo , Oliva Salvatore , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Romano Claudio , Rybak Anna , Spyropoulou Vasiliki , Tambucci Renato , Tzivinikos Christos , van Wijk Michiel , Borrelli Osvaldo ,   Endoscopy SIG and Motility SIG of ESPGHAN Organisation
Published: September 2024

What is Known

Botulinum toxin (BoNT) causes muscle relaxation by inhibiting acetylcholine release from presynaptic motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction.What is New

In children with achalasia, BoNT can be considered only in patients in whom rapid weight gain is important to improve surgical outcomes.
BoNT has been suggested for treating cricopharyngeal achalasia and delayed gastric emptying.
Anal achalasia and constipation after Hirschsprung disease corrective surgery are very promising indications for BoNT use.
In selected children with resistant type of functional constipation and chronic anal fissure, BoNT is a viable option for treating.
Dietary supplementation of distiller's grains yeast cultures improves performance and immunity by altering the intestinal flora of broilers
Authors: Hou Linsong , Malyar Rahmani Mohammad , Ding Wei , Shoura Hytham Elsaid , Yuan Yunwei , Chen Jian , Shi Fangxiong , Wei Quanwei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDDistiller's grains are a by‐product of liquor production with a higher yield than liquor. Developing and utilizing distiller's grains well could alleviate the problem of scarce feed resources. Our present experiment was conducted with 6000 yellow‐feathered broilers to study the effects of adding distiller's grains yeast cultures (DGYC) to the diet on growth performance and immunity of broilers. The broilers were divided into five groups, receiving different DGYC concentrations during two stages. Growth performance, intestinal microorganisms and immune organ development were measured.RESULTSThe results showed that groups B and D, supplemented with medium and high concentrations of DGYC, respectively, had significantly improved growth performance compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Group D also showed higher immune organ index (P < 0.01), increased serum total protein, high‐density lipoprotein and immunoglobulin levels (P < 0.05) and lower levels of low‐density lipoprotein, triglycerides, interleukin 1β and tumor necrosis factor α (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin and eosin staining confirmed improved immune organ development in group D (P < 0.05). Furthermore, in high‐concentration group D, levels of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA; acetic, propionic and butyric acids) in cecal chyme were significantly increased (P < 0.05). The richness (Chao1) and diversity (Faith‐pd) index of cecal microbiota were significantly higher in group D compared to the control group (P < 0.05). The microbial composition in group D differed from the control and medium‐concentration group B. Seven bacteria (Clostridia‐UCG‐014, UCG‐009, DTU089, UCG‐010, Campylobacter, Harryflintia, Shuttleworthia) showed significant differences (P < 0.05). After DGYC feeding, DTU089 decreased, while other SCFA‐producing bacteria increased (P < 0.05). Subsequently, KEGG function and corresponding signal pathway predictions were performed on bacteria with significant differences. Group D exhibited a higher enrichment of immune function pathways (P < 0.01) and showed significant changes in four immune signaling pathways according to the signal pathway heatmap.CONCLUSIONOur data suggest that high concentrations of DGYC can be applied as a feed additive for broilers that promotes growth, improves intestinal health and enhances certain immunity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The modulatory effect of oat on brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, orexigenic neuropeptides, and dopaminergic signaling in obesity‐induced rat model: a comparative study to orlistat
Authors: Ehab Madonna , Omran Nayra , Handoussa Heba 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDObesity is a non‐communicable complex disease that is the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. According to a novel viewpoint, the brain plays a significant role in the central regulation of satiety and energy homeostasis. Because of its rich nutritional profile and versatile uses, oat (Avena sativa) is one of the most popular functional foods recommended by many nutritionists. The anti‐obesity effect of oat was hypothesized, focusing on the brain as the target organ. In the current study, the interplay between brain biomarkers, obesity, and its related complications was evaluated in diet‐induced obese rats for 25 weeks, in which 60 adult male white albino Wistar rats were divided into three control and seven treatment groups given oat extracts in a dose‐dependent manner.RESULTSOat significantly improved obesity‐related metabolic complications. In terms of brain function, oat significantly increased dopaminergic signaling, brain‐derived neurotrophic factor levels, vaspin, irisin, and uncoupling protein‐1 brain levels, while decreasing the expression of agouti‐related peptide and neuropeptide Y (P‐value < 0.05).CONCLUSIONThe current study proposes oat supplementation as a new conceptual framework with numerous implications for hedonic and homeostatic mechanisms that control satiety. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The transepicondylar distance is a reliable and easily measured parameter for estimating femoral cartilage surface area using MRI
Authors: Yilmaz Tayfun , Siegel Markus , Taghizadeh Elham , Fuchs Andreas , Niemeyer Philipp , Schmal Hagen , Izadpanah Kaywan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeDifferent cartilage repair techniques are widely used to regenerate cartilage, such as autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI), osteochondral autograft transfer, microfracturing and minced cartilage. Defect size is a key parameter for selecting the best procedure to repair cartilage. However, the defect's size is not related to the patient's total cartilage surface. This is because assessing the femoral cartilage surface area is time‐consuming and therefore unsuitable in the daily clinical routine. It has been proposed that the femur's total cartilage area correlates positively with the transepicondylar distance (TEA).MethodsThe knees of 40 subjects were analysed. Their average age was 30.1 ± 8.6 years. Twenty‐four female and 16 male subjects were examined. Their mean body height was 176.2 ± 8.8 cm. MRI scans were performed via 3‐Tesla MRI. These data were postprocessed and quantified using the browser‐based, customizable SATORI platform (Fraunhofer MEVIS). This software computed the femoral cartilage surface area (FeCA), the patella cartilage surface area (PCA), the TEA and the patella length.ResultsBody height reveals a good correlation (r = 0.722, p < 0.001) with the distal femur's cartilage area surface. However, regression analysis shows only moderate dependence (R2: 0.514). A very good correlation (r = 0.830, p < 0.001) was observed between the TEA distance and the total cartilage surface area of the distal femur. The regression analysis yields a good value (R2: 0.684). The cranio‐caudal length of the patella was chosen as a suitably measurable two‐dimensional parameter for correlation analysis with the patella's total cartilage surface area. Those results yield a poor correlation (r = 0.577, p < 0.001) between the two parameters, and regression analysis reveals a low value (R2: 0.384).ConclusionThe TEA is a reliable parameter for estimating the femur's cartilage area using MRI. A simple determination of this parameter allows the estimation of the femur's total cartilage area as well as the surface‐corrected defect size (SCDS) in daily routine.Level of EvidenceLevel II
Evaluation of Scuffing Load Capacity of Helical Gear Based on the Tribo‐Dynamic Model
Authors: Liu Mingyong , Chen Shuchang , Hu Jun , Zhang Guogeng , Zhu Lin , Xiang Xue , Yan Chunai 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe scuffing load capacity of gear is closely related to the meshing temperature rise of tooth surface. The key to predict the temperature rise is to establish an accurate meshing temperature rise model. In the paper, a tribo‐dynamic model of helical gear is established through coupling of tooth surface lubrication parameters, and the influence of temperature rise on ambient temperature during meshing process is considered. Then, the effects of oil supply temperature, input speed and torque on tooth surface temperature rise, film thickness, friction excitation and gear dynamic characteristics are discussed. The results show that the temperature rise of the gear is higher during the engaging‐in and engaging‐out regions. Meanwhile, there is local high temperature at the end of the contact line due to the end effect. The vibration of gear along the off‐line‐of‐action direction is mainly determined by friction excitation. With the increase of oil supply temperature, input speed and torque, the risk of scuffing failure increases and the influence of oil supply temperature and input load is more significant. The conclusions of this paper may provide some valuable suggestions for the anti‐gluing failure design of gear in engineering.
Performance of MR learned pulse sequences for 3D bi‐exponential, stretched‐exponential, and mono‐exponential T2 and T1ρ mapping of knee cartilage
Authors: Zibetti Marcelo V. W. , De Moura Hector L. , Monga Anmol , Keerthivasan Mahesh B. , Regatte Ravinder R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeTo compare the performance of a learned magnetization‐prepared gradient echo (L‐MPGRE) sequence against a commonly used sequence for 3D T2 and T1ρ mapping of the knee joint, the magnetization‐prepared angle‐modulated partitioned k‐space spoiled gradient echo snapshots (MAPSS), on bi‐exponential (BE), stretched‐exponential (SE), and mono‐exponential (ME) relaxation models.MethodsWe used a combined differentiable and non‐differentiable optimization to learn pulse sequence structure and its parameters for 3D T2 and T1ρ mapping of the knee joint using ME, SE, and BE models. The learned pulse sequence framework was used to improve quantitative accuracy and SNR and to reduce filtering effects. We compare the measured multi‐compartment values between the two sequences (n = 8), and their repeatability (n = 4) in healthy volunteers (n = 12 total).ResultsThe voxel‐wise median absolute percentage difference (MAPD) between the T2 and T1ρ maps obtained with each sequence was 18.6% and 19.9%, respectively. The T2 and T1ρ repeatability tests showed a MAPD of 18.5% and 19.1% for MAPSS, and 16.8% and 15.5% for L‐MPGRE. Bland–Altman region of interest (ROI)‐wise analysis shows that bias is small, close to −1.5%, and the coefficient of variation is around 5.5% when comparing ROIs from both sequences.ConclusionThe L‐MPGRE sequences can be used as a replacement for MAPSS for T2 and T1ρ mapping in the knee cartilage with advantages, achieving similar accuracy and 15% better repeatability in only half of its scan time.
Poor muscle health and cardiometabolic risks associated with antidepressant treatment
Authors: Andersson Patrik , Linge Jennifer , Gurholt Tiril P. , Sønderby Ida E. , Hindley Guy , Andreassen Ole A. , Dahlqvist Leinhard Olof 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate whether antidepressant users display differences in fat distribution and muscle composition relative to non‐users and to explore risk factors for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe study used quantitative adipose and muscle tissue measures derived from magnetic resonance imaging data from UK Biobank (N = 40,174). Fat distribution and muscle composition of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) users were compared with sex‐, age‐, and BMI‐matched control individuals. Cox regression models were used to test for increased risk of developing CVD and type 2 diabetes.ResultsSSRI users had more visceral fat, smaller muscle volume, and higher muscle fat infiltration compared with matched control individuals. Female users showed a larger increase in BMI over time compared with male users. However, male users displayed an unhealthier body composition profile. Male SSRI users also had an increased risk of developing CVD. Both male and female TCA users showed lower muscle volume and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.ConclusionsAdverse changes in body composition of antidepressant users are not captured by tracking the body weight or the BMI of the patients. These changes may lead to a worsened cardiometabolic risk profile.
Functional redundancy between glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors in mature corticotropin‐releasing hormone neurons protects from obesity
Authors: Liu Yu , Lin Dongfa , Najam Syeda Sadia , Huang Shangyuan , Song Muyi , Sirakawin Chaweewan , Zhao Catherine , Jiang Haixia , Konopka Witold , Herzig Stephan , Vinnikov Ilya A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectiveHere, we aimed to investigate the role of glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GRs and MRs, respectively) in the regulation of energy homeostasis.MethodsWe used three mouse models with simultaneous deletion of GRs and MRs in either forebrain neurons, the paraventricular nucleus, or corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) neurons and compared them with wild‐type controls or isolated knockout groups. In addition to body weight, food intake, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, fat/lean mass distribution, and plasma corticosterone levels, we also performed transcriptomic analysis of CRH neurons and assessed their response to melanocortinergic stimulation.ResultsSimilar to global double‐knockout models, deletion of GRs and MRs specifically in mature CRH neurons resulted in obesity. Importantly, the latter was accompanied by insulin resistance, but not increased plasma corticosterone levels. Transcriptomic analysis of these neurons revealed upregulation of several genes involved in postsynaptic signal transduction, including the Ptk2b gene, which encodes proline‐rich tyrosine kinase 2. Knockout of both nuclear receptors leads to upregulation of Ptk2b in CRH neurons, which results in their diminished responsiveness to melanocortinergic stimulation.ConclusionsOur data demonstrate the functional redundancy of GRs and MRs in CRH neurons to maintain energy homeostasis and prevent obesity. Simultaneous targeting of both receptors might represent an unprecedented approach to counteract obesity.