bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exendin-4 Inhibits Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Activation and Reduces Infarct Growth After Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Hyperglycemic Mice
Authors: Kuroki Takuma , Tanaka Ryota , Shimada Yoshiaki , Yamashiro Kazuo , Ueno Yuji , Shimura Hideki , Urabe Takao , Hattori Nobutaka 
Published: March 2016

Background and Purpose—
Admission hyperglycemia is an independent risk factor for poor outcome of ischemic stroke. Amelioration of hyperglycemia by insulin has not been shown to improve the poststroke outcome. Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists, which modulate glucose levels by stimulating insulin secretion, have been shown to exert cytoprotective effects by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. This study aimed to evaluate whether the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exendin-4 could reduce glucose levels and exert protective effects after acute focal ischemia in hyperglycemic mice.

Methods—
Hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of dextrose 15 minutes before transient middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed for 60 minutes using an intraluminal thread. We assessed 4 groups: (1) normal glucose (vehicle control), (2) induced hyperglycemia, (3) induced hyperglycemia with insulin treatment, and (4) induced hyperglycemia with exendin-4 treatment. Neurovascular injuries in brains from each group were evaluated 24 hours and 7 days post ischemia.

Results—

Hyperglycemia significantly increased infarct volume (36.3±1.20 versus 26.9±1.28;
P
<0.001), brain edema (
P
<0.05), and hemorrhagic transformation compared with control (
P
<0.001). This increase in infarct volume was associated with increased blood–brain barrier disruption and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation. Exendin-4, but not insulin, attenuated matrix metalloproteinase-9 activation, proinflammatory cytokine (tumor necrosis factor-α) release, and biomarkers of oxidative stress and showed significant inhibition of infarct growth at 24 hours (23.6±0.97 versus 36.3±1.20;
P
<0.001) and at 7 days after ischemia (21.0±0.92 versus 29.3±1.41;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions—
Treatment with exendin-4 could be a potentially useful therapeutic option for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with transient hyperglycemia.
UN EMPLOI PARTICULIER DE LA PARTICULE ZHE DANS LE PARLER DE HONGTONG (SHANXI)
Authors: Quansheng Qiao 
Published: March 2016

The Hongtong district is located in the Southern part of the Shanxi province. This paper analyzes the different uses of the aspectual particle zhe in the Hongtong dialect, especially those which are different from Contemporary Standard Chinese.The aspectual particle zhe can follow a "Verb + Object" compound in which the object is a noun, an NP, a VP or a "Subject + predicate" construction. A resultative or directional complement can also be inserted between a verb/adjective and the particle zhe. Finally, the verb/adjective preceding zhe can be reduplicated.All these structures were already attested in the vernacular language of the Tang and Song periods.
ACOUSTIC QUANTIFICATION OF TONE SPREADING IN DAISHAN AND MENDE
Authors: TODA Takako 
Published: March 2016

This paper examines the nature of ‘tone spreading’ in Daishan , a northern Wu dialect of Chinese, from the viewpoint of acoustic phonetics. It compares the mean falling fundamental frequency (FO) contour of disyllabic lexical items with that of monosyllabic citation forms in order to investigate if they are the same. The result shows that they are nearly identical, and therefore, demonstrates phonetic tone spreading as well as phonological tone spreading
Acoustic data from Mende (Kupa Mende : Sierra Leone) are then presented and contrasted with those of Daishan. It is shown that the contouricity of the F О in fact differs between these two varieties. This result brings into question the autosegmentally based representation of tones using non-contour features such as HL, which has been commonly applied to the analysis of Wu tone sandhi. Finally, it is suggested that unitary contour features of tone, such as [falling], be applied in the case of Daishan tone spreading.
Efficacy and Safety of Endovascular Therapy for Aortoiliac TASC D Lesions
Authors: Suzuki Kenji , Mizutani Yukiko , Soga Yoshimitsu , Iida Osamu , Kawasaki Daizo , Yamauchi Yasutaka , Hirano Keisuke , Koshida Ryouji , Kamoi Daisuke , Tazaki Junichi , Higashitani Michiaki , Shintani Yoshiaki , Yamaoka Terutoshi , Okazaki Shinya , Suematsu Nobuhiro , Tsuchiya Taketsugu , Miyashita Yusuke , Shinozaki Norihiko , Takahashi Hiroki , Inoue Naoto 
Published: March 2016

Background: Although there is increasing evidence of the effectiveness of endovascular therapy for complex aortoiliac (AI) occlusive disease, it is not universally applied to TASC D lesions. Methods: A total of 2096 patients, 2601 limbs with AI occlusive disease, were enrolled. The lesions were categorized as TASC D (395) or TASC A-C (2206), and we compared baseline data, procedure, and follow-up result between the 2 groups. Results: The success rate of the procedure was significantly lower in the TASC D group (91.6% vs 99.3%, P < .01), and more procedure complications occurred in the TASC D group (11.1% vs 5.2%, P < .01). The results of a 5-year follow-up revealed no significant difference in primary patency (77.9% vs 77.1%, P = .17) and major adverse cardiovascular and limb events (MACLE; 30.5% vs 33.4%, P = .42) between the 2 groups. A multivariate analysis revealed complications and critical limb ischemia are independent predictors of MACLE in the TASC D group. Conclusion: The success rate of the procedure was lower in the TASC D group. Complications were more frequent in the TASC D group, and they were related to MACLE.
Diode Laser Stapedotomy vs Conventional Stapedotomy in Otosclerosis
Authors: Parida Pradipta Kumar , Kalaiarasi Raja , Gopalakrishnan Surianarayana 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesTo assess and compare the efficacy of diode laser stapedotomy (DLS) and conventional manual stapedotomy (CMS) in the treatment of otosclerosis.Study DesignRandomized clinical trial.SettingTertiary health center.Subjects and MethodsWe randomly assigned 60 patients with otosclerosis planned for primary stapedotomy to receive either DLS or CMS. Primary outcome measure was hearing gain measured by pure‐tone audiometry (PTA) performed preoperatively and postoperatively. Hearing gain was compared within and between the groups. Secondary outcome measures were the incidence of intraoperative (bleeding and fractured footplate) and postoperative (vomiting, vertigo, sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, facial nerve paralysis, and hospital stay) morbidities.ResultsSixty primary stapedotomies (30 in the CMS group and 30 in the DLS group) done for 60 patients (male, n = 42; female, n = 18) were included in the analysis. Preoperative mean air‐bone (AB) gap in the DLS and CMS groups was 38.51 ± 8.643 dB and 36.42 ± 8.678 dB, respectively. Mean AB gap at 6 month was 10.86 ± 5.383 dB and 11.05 ± 5.236 dB in the CMS and DLS groups, respectively. Air conduction was improved by 24.98 ± 5.348 dB in the DLS group and 24.08 ± 5.911 dB in the CMS group at 6 months. No statistically significant differences were found in hearing gain between the 2 groups at 6 months (P >. 05). A decreased rate and severity of intraoperative bleeding, postoperative vertigo, and vomiting were observed with the diode laser (0%, 6.6%, and 10%) compared with the conventional technique (16.7%, 16.7%, and 16.7%), but these differences were not statistically significant (P >. 05).ConclusionHearing outcomes and complications of DLS were similar to CMS. These study findings confirm the efficacy of the diode laser in stapedotomy, but DLS offers no advantages over CMS for otosclerosis surgery.
Robotic Thyroidectomy
Authors: Sung Eui Suk , Ji Yong Bae , Song Chang Myeon , Yun Bo Ram , Chung Won Sang , Tae Kyung 
Published: March 2016

ObjectivesRobotic thyroidectomy using remote access approaches has gained popularity with patients seeking to avoid neck scarring and enhanced cosmetic satisfaction. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and advantages of a postauricular facelift approach vs a gasless unilateral axillary (GUA) approach in robotic thyroidectomy.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingUniversity tertiary care hospital.Subjects and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 65 patients who underwent robotic thyroidectomy with or without central neck dissection using a GUA approach (45 patients) or a postauricular facelift approach (20 patients) between September 2013 and December 2014. We excluded patients who underwent simultaneous lateral neck dissection or completion thyroidectomy.ResultsRobotic procedures were completed without being converted to an open procedure in all patients. There were no significant differences in terms of patient and tumor characteristics, extent of thyroidectomy and central neck dissection, operative time, complications, and postoperative pain between the 2 approaches, except the higher female ratio in the GUA approach group (female ratio, 95.6% vs 75%, P =. 042). Cosmetic satisfaction evaluated by a questionnaire was not significantly different between the 2 groups, and most patients of both groups (85.7%) were satisfied with postoperative cosmesis.ConclusionBoth GUA and postauricular facelift approaches are feasible, with no significant adverse events in patients, and result in excellent cosmesis. However, a GUA approach seems to be superior when performing total thyroidectomy using a unilateral incision based on the preliminary result.
Effects of Cell‐Based Therapy for Treating Tympanic Membrane Perforations in Mice
Authors: Goncalves Stefania , Bas Esperanza , Goldstein Bradley J. , Angeli Simon 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo investigate the effectiveness of scaffold‐embedded mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a topical treatment for healing tympanic membrane perforations (TMPs) in a mouse model.Study DesignProspective animal study.SettingExperimental.Subjects and MethodsIn vitro: under sterile conditions, porcine‐derived (Gelita‐Spon [GS]), hyaluronate‐derived (EpiDisc [ED]), and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) scaffolds were cut into small pieces and cocultured with murine bone marrow–derived MSCs (BM‐MSCs) expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) for 72 hours. The cultures were either analyzed by confocal microscopy or used for subsequent in vivo experiments. In vivo: 26 mice were divided into 3 groups (ie, control [n = 9], GS [n = 8], ED [n = 9]). Under general anesthesia, TMPs of equal sizes were performed bilaterally using a sterile 27‐gauge needle under a surgical microscope. The BM‐MSCs embedded within GS or ED scaffolds were soaked in phosphate‐buffered saline and then topically applied on right TMPs, and scaffolds alone were applied on left TMPs 6 to 8 hours after injury. Control mice did not receive treatment. On day 7, animals were euthanized and bullae were harvested for histological analysis.ResultsIn vitro: BM‐MSCs grew well on both GS (P =. 0012) and ED (P =. 0001) scaffolds compared with PVA. In vivo: 100% of untreated (control) TMPs remained open after 7 days. Animals treated with MSC‐embedded ED scaffolds had a higher percentage of TMP closure (P =. 016) and a thicker neotympanum (P =. 0033) than control animals. The experimentally applied BM‐MSCs engrafted and differentiated into epithelial cells suggested by the colocalized expression of cytokeratin‐19 and GFP.ConclusionsThe topical application of bone marrow–derived MSCs enhances the healing of TMPs in this animal model and is a promising alternative to tympanoplasty.
Contralateral Vocal Fold Reactive Lesions
Authors: Koss Shira L. , Kidwai Sarah M. , Pitman Michael J. 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveContralateral reactive lesions (RLs) represent a distinct entity among benign bilateral vocal fold (VF) lesions. Lack of uniform nomenclature and a myriad of surgical options have hampered attempts to develop treatment guidelines. The objective of this study is to better define RLs and their prognosis, through the development of a standard nomenclature, with an aim to guide treatment and delineate the role of phonosurgery.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsAnalysis was performed on patients with Current Procedural Terminology code 31545. Operative reports with a primary lesion and contralateral RL were included. Outcomes included the Voice Handicap Index–10 (VHI‐10) and GRBAS (grade, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain) scale, lesion persistence/recurrence, mucosal wave, and edge character based on blinded videostroboscopy review.ResultsA nomenclature was developed based on intraoperative RLs (n = 30), defined by lesion consistency (fibrous or polypoid) and relationship to normal VF edge (gradual or steep). Reactive lesion treatment included no intervention, excision, potassium titanyl phosphate laser, steroid injection, or a combination thereof. Observations included the following: inconsistent treatment modalities were employed, excision of RLs did not yield better outcomes, fibrous RLs were more likely to persist and polypoid lesions more likely to recur, gradual lesions were more likely to remain disease free, and most treatments showed improved mucosal wave, VHI‐10, and GRBAS.ConclusionsReactive lesions have not been well classified, and treatments are based on subjective intraoperative decision making with unpredictable outcomes. The nomenclature proposed will allow for a better definition of the RL and provide a framework for future research to identify optimal treatment.
Comparison of Robotic versus Conventional Selective Neck Dissection and Total Thyroidectomy for Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Song Chang Myeon , Ji Yong Bae , Sung Eui Suk , Kim Dong Sun , Koo Hye Ryoung , Tae Kyung 
Published: March 2016

ObjectiveTo compare the surgical outcomes of robotic selective neck dissection (SND) with total thyroidectomy and conventional transcervical SND with total thyroidectomy.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingUniversity tertiary care facility.Subject and MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed 66 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with SND (≥3 levels of II‐V) and bilateral central neck dissection for cN1b papillary thyroid carcinoma, of whom 41 underwent conventional SND and 25 of whom underwent robotic SND. Subjective pain, sensory change, and cosmetic satisfaction were evaluated regularly for 3 months with a questionnaire.ResultsCompared with the conventional group, patients in the robotic group were younger (mean, 36.7 vs 47.5 years; P =. 003) and more female dominant (96.0% vs 73.2%; P =. 023). Mean total operative time was longer in the robotic group than the conventional group (298 vs 236 minutes; P <. 001). Anterior chest pain was higher in the robotic group at postoperative 1 day (pain score, 1.88 vs 0.62; P =. 011), 1 week (1.30 vs 0.43; P =. 036), and 1 month (0.90 vs 0.18; P =. 029). Postoperative cosmetic satisfaction was significantly superior in the robotic group.ConclusionCompared with conventional transcervical SND with total thyroidectomy, robotic SND with total thyroidectomy yields superior outcomes for cosmetic satisfaction, longer operative time, and higher chest pain in the short term. Further study with a larger number of patients is mandatory.
Cochlear Implantation in Canal Wall Down Mastoid Cavities
Authors: Hunter Jacob B. , Fernando Shanik J. , Bennett Marc L. , Haynes David S. , Wanna George B. 
Published: March 2016

Cochlear implantation in canal wall down mastoid (CWD) cavities is fraught with the issue of how best to manage the mastoid cavity. Decision points include whether the external auditory meatus should be overclosed, whether the implantation should be staged, or even if the eustachian tube should be plugged. Given these options, we sought to describe our experience of cochlear implantation in CWD cavities. Among evaluation of subjects ≥18 years of age, 9 had cochlear implants placed in CWD mastoid cavities, 7 of which had the external auditory meatus overclosed, while 2 maintained open cavities following implantation. With an average follow‐up of 36.7 months (median, 22.8 months), 2 subjects who had overclosure developed meatal dehiscences requiring further intervention, while no complications were observed in the 2 patients who maintained open cavities.
A Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess the Clinical Effectiveness of a Measured Objective Tensioning Device in Hamstring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Grunau Peter David , Arneja Shalinder , Leith Jordan Michael 
Published: March 2016

Background: Soft tissue grafts are commonly used in surgical reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Applying the appropriate tension to the final graft reconstruction has traditionally been performed by the surgeon and is based on the surgeon’s experience and perception of applied tension. Problems with manual application of tension to the ACL reconstruction include under- or overtightening the reconstruction, inconsistent tension application among subjects, and variable load application to each strand. Purpose: To assess whether measured tensioning of hamstring ACL grafts during fixation improves clinical outcome or knee laxity postoperatively when compared with conventional tensioning maneuvers. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1. Methods: This was a prospective randomized controlled trial of consecutive primary ACL patients. The device group included patients in whom a measured tensioning device was used for graft tensioning (80 N), and the physician group did not use a tensioning device. The primary outcome was KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side laxity differences between knees at 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation Form and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Quality of Life Questionnaire (ACL-QoL) at those intervals. Chi-square and t tests were used for analysis. The study had 90% power to detect a difference of 2 mm between groups. Results: A sample of 127 patients was randomized. Of those, 14 did not have follow-up data and were excluded from this analysis, resulting in a final sample of 113 (55 patients in the device group and 58 in the physician group). No significant differences were found in baseline demographics or comorbidities. There were no significant differences between the groups (physician vs device) at baseline and at 6, 12, and 18 months in side-to-side laxity (4.6 vs 4.7 mm, 1.6 vs 1.3 mm, 1.5 vs 1.3 mm, and 1.1 vs 1.0 mm, respectively), IKDC score (58.2 vs 56.4, 72.0 vs 67.9, 79.9 vs 76.0, and 81.3 vs 78.5, respectively), or ACL-QoL score (998.2 vs 901.2, 1846.4 vs 1647.5, 2150.4 vs 2268.3, and 2436.9 vs 2231.8, respectively). Conclusion: Measured tensioning of hamstring ACL grafts during fixation does not improve clinical outcome or knee laxity postoperatively when compared with conventional tensioning maneuvers.
Prevalence of Past-Year Mental Disorders in the Canadian Armed Forces, 2002-2013
Authors: Zamorski Mark A. , Bennett Rachel E. , Rusu Corneliu , Weeks Murray , Boulos David , Garber Bryan G. 
Published: March 2016

Objective: More than 40,000 Canadian Armed Forces (CAF) personnel have deployed in support of the mission in Afghanistan since 2002. Over the same period, the CAF strengthened its mental health system. This article explores the effect of these events on the prevalence of past-year mental disorders over the period 2002-2013. Method: The data sources were 2 highly comparable population-based mental health surveys of CAF Regular Force personnel done in 2002 and 2013 ( n = 5155 and 6996, respectively). Data were collected via in-person interviews with Statistics Canada personnel using the World Health Organization’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview to assess past-year disorders. Results: In 2013, 16.5% had 1 or more of the 6 past-year disorders assessed in the survey, with the most common conditions being major depressive episode (MDE), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), which affected 8.0%, 5.3%, and 4.7%, respectively. The prevalence of PTSD, GAD, and panic disorder has increased significantly since 2002 (adjusted odds ratios from logistic regression models = 2.1, 3.0, and 1.9, respectively), while no change was seen for MDE. The comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders increased significantly over time, being seen in 27.4% and 41.0% of those with mental disorders in 2002 and 2013, respectively. Conclusion: There has been an increase in the prevalence of PTSD and other anxiety disorders and of the extent of comorbidity of mood and anxiety disorders in CAF personnel over the period 2002-2013.
The 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey
Authors: Zamorski Mark A. , Bennett Rachel E. , Boulos David , Garber Bryan G. , Jetly Rakesh , Sareen Jitender 
Published: March 2016

Objective: The 2013 Canadian Forces Mental Health Survey (CFMHS) collected detailed information on mental health problems, their impacts, occupational and nonoccupational determinants of mental health, and the use of mental health services from a random sample of 8200 serving personnel. The objective of this article is to provide a firm scientific foundation for understanding and interpreting the CFMHS findings. Methods: This narrative review first provides a snapshot of the Canadian Armed Forces (CAF), focusing on 2 key determinants of mental health: the deployment of more than 40,000 personnel in support of the mission in Afghanistan and the extensive renewal of the CAF mental health system. The findings of recent population-based CAF mental health research are reviewed, with a focus on findings from the very similar mental health survey done in 2002. Finally, key aspects of the methods of the 2013 CFMHS are presented. Results: The findings of 20 peer-reviewed publications using the 2002 mental health survey data are reviewed, along with those of 25 publications from other major CAF mental health research projects executed over the past decade. Conclusions: More than a decade of population-based mental health research in the CAF has provided a detailed picture of its mental health and use of mental health services. This knowledge base and the homology of the 2013 survey with the 2002 CAF survey and general population surveys in 2002 and 2012 will provide an unusual opportunity to use the CFMHS to situate mental health in the CAF in a historical and societal perspective.