bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANDREA 2.2 and 2.3 – Advances in modelling of VVER cores
Authors: Havluj F. , Hejzlar J. , Vocka R. , Vysoudil J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In 2016 a new version of code ANDREA for core design and reload safety analysis of VVER reactors has been released. The new code version includes several major improvements. The first of them is a seamless incorporation of short time kinetics calculations (without temperature feedback) into the code. This new feature accompanied by the possibility of excore detector signal predictions enables precise interpretation of dynamic measurements of control assembly weight during the reactor startup. Second important enhancement resides in new flexible format of cross section libraries and in new fuel temperature model based on results of TRANSURANUS fuel performance code. The new code version has been thoroughly tested and validated for both VVER440 and VVER-1000 reactors. Furthermore for the new version 2.3 which is to be released shortly we have implemented the possibility of fluent control assemblies’ motion and of non-equidistant axial nodalization schemes in VVER-440 calculations.
Electron backscatter diffraction-analysis of deformed micro-milled commercially pure-titanium specimens at different strain values
Authors: Godard Claudia , Klement Uta , Kerscher Eberhard 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The surface structuring process micro-milling introduces small grooves, which act as geometrical notches and influence the mechanical properties of the component, into the surface. The mechanical behaviour depends on the relation of the notch size to the grain size. Micro-milling processes were applied to improve the functional properties of component surfaces. They are used in mechanically loaded environments as well as in biotechnological applications. Therefore, commercially-pure-titanium is a favoured material of investigation. To determine the effect of the notches, a detailed analysis of the deformation behaviour of the structured material is indispensable. In the present work, structured specimens were tested under quasi-static loading. The testing was interrupted at different strain values. The micro-sections of the specimens were characterized by means of electron backscatter diffraction analysis to obtain information about the first indication of plastic deformation and the development of the deformation features. The results show inhomogeneous deformation behaviour of the material. The deformation mechanisms, the development of small angle and high angle grain boundaries as well as twinning are shown.
Effects of magnetic energy on microstructural evolution during peritectic solidification in ferromagnetic alloy investigated by phase-field simulation
Authors: Feng Zikang , Wang Gang , Wu Xuehua , Hong Yuan , Zeng Dechang 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
A modified phase-field model was proposed for the incorporation of magnetic energy contributions in the ferromagnetic alloys including Zeeman energy, magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy and demagnetizing field energy. To verify the accuracy of this model, the Mn–Bi system was taken as an example, and the effects of different magnetic energy contributions on the microstructural evolution during the non-equilibrium peritectic reaction (Liquid + Mn1.08Bi → MnBi) were investigated. The simulation results demonstrated that the formation of ferromagnetic MnBi was promoted by the introduction of the Zeeman energy, and the magnetic moments of the MnBi phase tended to align along the orientation of the easy axis due to the effect of magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy. It was also indicated that the MnBi grain would be elongated along the direction of the external magnetic field when the demagnetizing field is considered.
Magnesium nanocomposites reinforced with a high volume fraction of SiC particulates
Authors: Liu Jinling , Suryanarayana C. , Zhang Min , Wang Yiguang , Yang Fuqian , An Linan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The microstructure and indentation behavior of magnesium nanocomposites containing a high volume fraction (up to 15 vol.%) of nanometer-sized SiC was studied using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and microindentation techniques. The indentation hardness and contact stiffness were found to increase with increasing volume fraction of the nanometer-sized SiC particles up to 10 vol.%. The magnesium nanocomposites with 15 vol.% SiC had a lower indentation hardness than that of 10 vol.% SiC. The strain rate sensitivity exponent of the Mg–SiC nanocomposites increased with increasing volume fraction of SiC. The decrease of the indentation hardness suggested that the deformation mechanism of the magnesium nanocomposites was likely altered when the critical volume percent of SiC nanoparticles was achieved, estimated at 10 vol.%.
Cavernous sinus compartments from the endoscopic endonasal approach: anatomical considerations and surgical relevance to adenoma surgery
Authors: Fernandez-Miranda Juan C. , Zwagerman Nathan T. , Abhinav Kumar , Lieber Stefan , Wang Eric W. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVETumors with cavernous sinus (CS) invasion represent a neurosurgical challenge. Increasing application of the endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) requires a thorough understanding of the CS anatomy from an endonasal perspective. In this study, the authors aimed to develop a surgical anatomy–based classification of the CS and establish its utility for preoperative surgical planning and intraoperative guidance in adenoma surgery.METHODSTwenty-five colored silicon–injected human head specimens were used for endonasal and transcranial dissections of the CS. Pre- and postoperative MRI studies of 98 patients with pituitary adenoma with intraoperatively confirmed CS invasion were analyzed.RESULTSFour CS compartments are described based on their spatial relationship with the cavernous ICA: superior, posterior, inferior, and lateral. Each compartment has distinct boundaries and dural and neurovascular relationships: the superior compartment relates to the interclinoidal ligament and oculomotor nerve, the posterior compartment bears the gulfar segment of the abducens nerve and inferior hypophyseal artery, the inferior compartment contains the sympathetic nerve and distal cavernous abducens nerve, and the lateral compartment includes all cavernous cranial nerves and the inferolateral arterial trunk. Twenty-nine patients had a single compartment invaded, and 69 had multiple compartments involved. The most commonly invaded compartment was the superior (79 patients), followed by the posterior (n = 64), inferior (n = 45), and lateral (n = 23) compartments. Residual tumor rates by compartment were 79% in lateral, 17% in posterior, 14% in superior, and 11% in inferior.CONCLUSIONSThe anatomy-based classification presented here complements current imaging-based classifications and may help to identify involved compartments both preoperatively and intraoperatively.
Anatomy and white matter connections of the orbitofrontal gyrus
Authors: Burks Joshua D. , Conner Andrew K. , Bonney Phillip A. , Glenn Chad A. , Baker Cordell M. , Boettcher Lillian B. , Briggs Robert G. , O’Donoghue Daniel L. , Wu Dee H. , Sughrue Michael E. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVEThe orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is understood to have a role in outcome evaluation and risk assessment and is commonly involved with infiltrative tumors. A detailed understanding of the exact location and nature of associated white matter tracts could significantly improve postoperative morbidity related to declining capacity. Through diffusion tensor imaging–based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth, the authors have characterized these connections based on relationships to other well-known structures.METHODSDiffusion imaging from the Human Connectome Project for 10 healthy adult controls was used for tractography analysis. The OFC was evaluated as a whole based on connectivity with other regions. All OFC tracts were mapped in both hemispheres, and a lateralization index was calculated with resultant tract volumes. Ten postmortem dissections were then performed using a modified Klingler technique to demonstrate the location of major tracts.RESULTSThe authors identified 3 major connections of the OFC: a bundle to the thalamus and anterior cingulate gyrus, passing inferior to the caudate and medial to the vertical fibers of the thalamic projections; a bundle to the brainstem, traveling lateral to the caudate and medial to the internal capsule; and radiations to the parietal and occipital lobes traveling with the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus.CONCLUSIONSThe OFC is an important center for processing visual, spatial, and emotional information. Subtle differences in executive functioning following surgery for frontal lobe tumors may be better understood in the context of the fiber-bundle anatomy highlighted by this study.
Delayed facial palsy after microvascular decompression for hemifacial spasm: friend or foe?
Authors: Lee Jae Meen , Park Hye Ran , Choi Young Doo , Kim Sung Min , Jeon Beomseok , Kim Han-Joon , Kim Dong Gyu , Paek Sun Ha 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVEThe authors investigated the incidence, clinical course, and predisposing factors associated with delayed facial palsy (DFP) following microvascular decompression (MVD).METHODSThe authors reviewed the records of 310 patients (311 cases) who were followed after MVD for hemifacial spasm (HFS). Of these patients, 45 (14.5%) developed DFP after MVD. The clinical characteristics and predisposing factors of the patients with HFS were investigated to identify prognostic factors that predicted the development of DFP after MVD. Log-rank tests were used to compare times to symptom disappearance, and a logistic regression analysis was performed to compare clinical characteristics between patients who developed DFP and those who did not.RESULTSHFS was completely resolved immediately after MVD in 158 cases (50.8%), and HFS eventually disappeared in 289 (92.9%) of the cases. Of the 45 patients with DFP, 17 were men and 28 were women. DFP occurred between postoperative Days 1 and 44 (mean 9.67 days). Finally, 44 patients (97.8%) completely recovered. The average time to recovery was 3.9 months (range 1–24 months). Patients who had experienced an immediate disappearance of HFS experienced a significantly higher occurrence of DFP than those who did not (odds ratio 0.383, 95% confidence interval 0.183–0.802; p = 0.011). In addition, preoperative botulinum neurotoxin injections negatively influenced the occurrence of DFP (p = 0.016).CONCLUSIONSIn this study, the incidence rate of DFP was slightly higher than previously reported values. Moreover, DFP can occur even when spasms disappear immediately after MVD, but the patients with DFP can fully recover within weeks.
Novel insights into symptomatology of moyamoya disease in pediatric patients: survey of symptoms suggestive of orthostatic intolerance
Authors: Uchino Haruto , Kazumata Ken , Ito Masaki , Nakayama Naoki , Houkin Kiyohiro 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVEA specific population of young patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) persistently experience physical symptoms not attributable to focal ischemia. These symptoms, highly suggestive of orthostatic intolerance (also termed “orthostatic dysregulation”), were investigated and reported as potential determinants of quality of life in young MMD patients.METHODSForty-six patients (6–30 years of age) were selected from a group of 122 patients who were diagnosed with MMD before 18 years of age. The authors administered a structured questionnaire consisting of 11 items based on screening checklists published in the Japanese clinical guidelines for juvenile orthostatic dysregulation in young patients. The results were tabulated, and correlations with clinical data were explored.RESULTSThirty-seven (80%) patients (mean age 15.9 years) responded to the questionnaire. Frequent headache, vertigo/dizziness on standing, fatigue, difficulty with getting out of bed, and motion sickness were the top 5 symptoms, resulting in 57% of patients being unable to attend school. Forty-three percent of the patients demonstrated multiple symptoms suggestive of orthostatic intolerance, even as long as 5 years after revascularization surgery. The number of symptoms was inversely associated with the number of years after surgery (p = 0.028). The number of symptoms was not associated with a history of surgery, clinical presentations, vascular involvement, cerebral perfusion, brain lesions, or history of transient ischemic attacks.CONCLUSIONSThe present study provided novel insight into the symptomatology of young patients with MMD. Failure to notice nonfocal physical symptoms can significantly impair quality of life in young patients with MMD even years after successful revascularization surgery. These symptoms may serve as independent clinical markers used to assess disease outcome, although the underlying mechanisms of this disease are, as of yet, unclear.
A brief note on the history of psychosurgery in Japan
Authors: Nudeshima Jiro , Taira Takaomi 
Published: September 2017

In Japan, there has been no neurosurgical treatment for psychiatric disorders since the 1970s. Even deep brain stimulation (DBS) has not been studied or used for psychiatric disorders. Neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders has been thwarted by social taboos for many years, and psychiatrists today seem to simply ignore modern developments and therapies offered by neurosurgery such as DBS. As a result, most patients and their families do not know such “last-resort” options exist.Historically, as in other countries, frontal lobotomies were widely performed in Japan in the 1940s and 1950s, and some Japanese neurosurgeons used stereotactic methods for the treatment of psychiatric disorders until the 1960s. However, in the 1960s and 1970s such surgical treatments began to receive condemnation based on political judgment, rather than on medical and scientific evaluation. Protest campaigns at the time hinged on the prevailing political beliefs, forming a part of the new “left” movement against leading authorities across a wide range of societal institutions including medical schools. Finally, the Japanese Society for Psychiatry and Neurology banned the surgical treatment for psychiatric disorders in 1975. Even today, Japan’s dark history continues to exert an enormous negative influence on neurosurgery for psychiatric disorders.
Development of a single-session assessment protocol for isokinetic testing of the hamstrings/quadriceps strength ratio
Authors: Lafrance Simon , Hsu Jimmy , Caspin Laura , Yee Bennett , Robbins Shawn , Preuss Richard 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND: The ratio of hamstring to quadriceps strength (H/Q), from isokinetic testing, is often used to guide training or rehabilitation. OBJECTIVES: The primary objective was to develop an assessment protocol that produces reproducible H/Q data in a single testing session. METHODS: Twenty-four healthy subjects, 16 women and 8 men, were tested using a reliability study design (2 sessions, 5 repetitions). The main outcome measure was the dynamic control ratio at 60[Formula: see text]/s (DCR60). Testing was also done at 120[Formula: see text]/s, and concentrically at 180[Formula: see text]/s. Generalizability theory was used to determine the reliability ([Formula: see text]) coefficient and the minimal detectable change MDC, and to extrapolate the data to develop an optimal assessment protocol, ideally using data from only one session. RESULTS: Single-session DCR60 data were reproducible ([Formula: see text] coefficient [Formula: see text] 0.868, MDC95 [Formula: see text] 0.144) using 5 repetitions, excluding the first repetition from the average. Values were improved by averaging over multiple sessions and repetitions, although little was gained from more than 2 sessions or 5 repetitions. Comparable results were found for testing at 120[Formula: see text]/s. CONCLUSIONS: Reproducible DCR60 values may be derived from a single testing session of the hamstrings (in eccentric mode) and the quadriceps (in concentric mode). We recommend collecting five repetitions, and averaging the data for repetitions 2–5.
Kynurenine Pathway Metabolites in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Giil Lasse Melvaer , Midttun Øivind , Refsum Helga , Ulvik Arve , Advani Rajiv , Smith A. David , Ueland Per Magne 
Published: September 2017

Background: Metabolites of tryptophan, produced via the kynurenine pathway (kynurenines), have been linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in small cohorts with conflicting results. Objective: To compare differences in plasma kynurenine levels between AD and controls and identify potential associations with cognition. Methods: The study included 65 histopathologically-confirmed AD patients and 65 cognitively-screened controls from the Oxford Project to Investigate Memory and Ageing (OPTIMA) cohort. Cognition was assessed using the Cambridge Cognitive Examination (CamCog). Tryptophan, kynurenines, neopterin, and vitamin B6 forms were measured in plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Non-parametric statistics, logistic regression and standardized robust regressions were applied with a false discovery rate of 0.05. Results: Tryptophan, xanthurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, and quinolinic acid were lower in AD (Odds ratios (ORs) 0.24 –0.47; p-values <0.001 –0.01). Pyridoxal 5’phosphate did not differ between AD and controls. Kynurenine, anthranilic acid, quinolinic acid, and markers of immune activation (neopterin, kynurenine/tryptophan ratio, and the PAr index (Pyridoxic acid/(Pyridoxal 5’phosphate + Pyridoxal)) increased with age (β 0.31 –0.51; p-values <0.001 –0.006). Xanthurenic acid decreased with age (β: –0.42, p < 0.001). Elderly AD patients with high quinolinic acid performed worse on the CamCog test, indicated by a significant age*quinolinic acid interaction (β 0.21, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Plasma concentrations of several kynurenines were lower in patients with AD compared to controls. Low xanthurenic acid occurred in both AD and with aging. Inflammation-related markers were associated with age, but not AD. However, elevated QA was associated with poor cognition in older AD patients.
Assessment of Disease Activity in Large-vessel Vasculitis: Results of an International Delphi Exercise
Authors: Aydin Sibel Z. , Direskeneli Haner , Merkel Peter A. ,   on behalf of the International Delphi on Disease Activity Assessment in Large-vessel Vasculitis
Published: September 2017

Objective.To arrive at consensus for candidate outcomes for disease activity assessment in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV) in clinical trials.Methods.A Delphi survey including 99 items was circulated among international experts for 3 rounds.Results.Fifty-seven items were accepted for both giant cell arteritis and Takayasu arteritis. Sixty-seven percent of experts voted to have a common approach for both diseases with additional disease-specific items such as weight loss, scalp tenderness/necrosis, morning stiffness, dizziness, visual symptoms, and imaging.Conclusion.This study highlights similarities and differences in experts’ perspectives for assessing clinical activity in LVV and may guide a consensus-driven core set of validated outcomes.
Development of a Core Set of Outcome Measures for Large-vessel Vasculitis: Report from OMERACT 2016
Authors: Sreih Antoine G. , Alibaz-Oner Fatma , Kermani Tanaz A. , Aydin Sibel Z. , Cronholm Peter F. , Davis Trocon , Easley Ebony , Gul Ahmet , Mahr Alfred , McAlear Carol A. , Milman Nataliya , Robson Joanna C. , Tomasson Gunnar , Direskeneli Haner , Merkel Peter A. 
Published: September 2017

Objective.Among the challenges in conducting clinical trials in large-vessel vasculitis (LVV), including both giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TA), is the lack of standardized and meaningful outcome measures. The Outcome Measures in Rheumatology (OMERACT) Vasculitis Working Group initiated an international effort to develop and validate data-driven outcome tools for clinical investigation in LVV.Methods.An international Delphi exercise was completed to gather opinions from clinical experts on LVV-related domains considered important to measure in trials. Patient interviews and focus groups were completed to identify outcomes of importance to patients. The results of these activities were presented and discussed in a “Virtual Special Interest Group” using telephone- and Internet-based conferences, discussions through electronic mail, and an in-person session at the 2016 OMERACT meeting. A preliminary core set of domains common for all forms of LVV with disease-specific elements was proposed.Results.The majority of experts agree with using common outcome measures for GCA and TA, with the option of supplementation with disease-specific items. Following interviews and focus groups, pain, fatigue, and emotional effect emerged as health-related quality of life domains important to patients. Current disease assessment tools, including the Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score, were found to be inadequate to assess disease activity in GCA and standardized assessment of imaging tests were felt crucial to study LVV, especially TA.Conclusion.Initial data from a clinician Delphi exercise and structured patient interviews have provided themes toward an OMERACT-endorsed core set of domains and outcome measures.
Isolated Arthritis of the Temporomandibular Joint as the Initial Manifestation of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Hügle Boris , Spiegel Lynn , Hotte Julia , Wiens Stefan , Herlin Troels , Cron Randy Q. , Stoll Matthew L. , Vinod Surabhi , Stoustrup Peter , Pedersen Thomas Klit , Twilt Marinka 
Published: September 2017

Objective.To describe characteristics of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) presenting with isolated arthritis of the temporomandibular joints (TMJ).Methods.Patients with JIA with isolated TMJ arthritis from 4 large tertiary pediatric rheumatology centers were included. Demographic and clinical data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results.Fifty-five patients were identified (65% bilateral presentation). Six patients developed arthritis in other joints (median time 6 mos); 4 patients developed uveitis, all prior to arthritis. At last followup, 9% were still taking antirheumatic medications.Conclusion.JIA TMJ arthritis can occur in isolation, and is probably underdiagnosed. Care providers including dentists and orthodontists should be aware of this presentation.