bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trade‐offs in triple‐bottom‐line outcomes when recovering fisheries
Authors: Brown Christopher J , Althor Glenn , Halpern Benjamin S , Iftekhar Md Sayed , Klein Carissa J , Linke Simon , Pryde Elizabeth C , Schilizzi Steven , Watson James E M , Twohey Becky , Possingham Hugh P 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlmost all environmental management comes at an economic cost that may not be borne equitably by all stakeholders. Here, we investigate how heterogeneity in catch and profits among fishers influences the trade‐off among the triple‐bottom‐line objectives of recovering a fish population, maximizing its economic value and distributing restrictions equitably across fishers. As a case‐study, we examine management reform of an ecologically and economically important coral reef fishery operating within the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. Using a simulation model, we find that total profitability of the fishing industry is 40% lower if recovery plans are equitable when compared to the most economically efficient plan. However, efficient recovery plans were typically highly inequitable because they required some fishers to cease fishing. Equity was defined according to different norms, and the efficiency loss was greatest when catch losses were shared equally across fishers rather than in proportion to their historical catch. We then varied key social, economic and biological parameters to identify cases when equity and efficient recovery would trade‐off most strongly. Recovery plans could be both efficient and equitable when heterogeneity in fisher's catches and individual catch efficiencies was lower. If fishers were homogenous then equitable plans could have maximal economic efficiency. These results emphasize the importance of considering heterogeneity in individual fishers when designing recovery plans. Recovery plans that are inequitable may often fail to gain stakeholder support, so in fisheries with high heterogeneity we should temper our expectations for marked increases in profits.
Range position and climate sensitivity: The structure of among‐population demographic responses to climatic variation
Authors: Amburgey Staci M. , Miller David A. W. , Campbell Grant Evan H. , Rittenhouse Tracy A. G. , Benard Michael F. , Richardson Jonathan L. , Urban Mark C. , Hughson Ward , Brand Adrianne B. , Davis Christopher J. , Hardin Carmen R. , Paton Peter W. C. , Raithel Christopher J. , Relyea Rick A. , Scott A. Floyd , Skelly David K. , Skidds Dennis E. , Smith Charles K. , Werner Earl E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSpecies’ distributions will respond to climate change based on the relationship between local demographic processes and climate and how this relationship varies based on range position. A rarely tested demographic prediction is that populations at the extremes of a species’ climate envelope (e.g., populations in areas with the highest mean annual temperature) will be most sensitive to local shifts in climate (i.e., warming). We tested this prediction using a dynamic species distribution model linking demographic rates to variation in temperature and precipitation for wood frogs (Lithobates sylvaticus) in North America. Using long‐term monitoring data from 746 populations in 27 study areas, we determined how climatic variation affected population growth rates and how these relationships varied with respect to long‐term climate. Some models supported the predicted pattern, with negative effects of extreme summer temperatures in hotter areas and positive effects on recruitment for summer water availability in drier areas. We also found evidence of interacting temperature and precipitation influencing population size, such as extreme heat having less of a negative effect in wetter areas. Other results were contrary to predictions, such as positive effects of summer water availability in wetter parts of the range and positive responses to winter warming especially in milder areas. In general, we found wood frogs were more sensitive to changes in temperature or temperature interacting with precipitation than to changes in precipitation alone. Our results suggest that sensitivity to changes in climate cannot be predicted simply by knowing locations within the species’ climate envelope. Many climate processes did not affect population growth rates in the predicted direction based on range position. Processes such as species‐interactions, local adaptation, and interactions with the physical landscape likely affect the responses we observed. Our work highlights the need to measure demographic responses to changing climate.
Hepatitis C virus‐related symptoms, but not quality of life, were improved by treatment with direct‐acting antivirals
Authors: Ichikawa Tatsuki , Miyaaki Hisamitsu , Miuma Satoshi , Taura Naota , Motoyoshi Yasuhide , Akahoshi Hiroshi , Nakamura Satomi , Nakamura Junpei , Takahashi Youichi , Honda Tetsurou , Yajima Hiroyuki , Uehara Ryouhei , Hino Naoyuki , Narita Syouhei , Tanaka Hisaya , Sasaki Seina , Nakao Kazuhiko 
Published: August 2017

AimDirect‐acting antivirals (DAAs) for the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have a significantly high sustained virologic response rate after a short treatment course and do not have any severe adverse effects. Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) have become increasingly important to assess the total impact of a chronic disease. We aimed to evaluate the changes in symptoms of patients with HCV infection treated with DAAs by using PROs.MethodsA total of 107 patients with chronic HCV infection were treated with DAAs. Daclatasvir/asunaprevir or sofosbuvir/ledipasvir was used for HCV 1B infection, and sofosbuvir/ribavirin for HCV 2A/2B infection. The PROs measured at the start of treatment and 1 year after the start of treatment were cirrhosis‐related symptom score (CSS), presence of restless legs syndrome (RLS), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI), Kessler 6 score (K‐6), and the SF‐36 to measure quality of life (QOL). All patients had a sustained virologic response rate of 24.ResultsThe CSS, PSQI, K‐6, and RLS scores were improved 1 year after beginning treatment. However, QOL had not recovered. Changes in total CSS were correlated with HCV genotype, sex, hypertensive drug use, serum low‐density lipoprotein, and ESS at the start of treatment and RLS 1 year after the start of treatment. The factors that contributed to worsening of CSS were HCV genotype 2B and RLS 1 year after the start of treatment.ConclusionTreatment with DAAs eliminated HCV‐RNA and improved most symptoms, but QOL did not recover.
PNL2: an adjunctive biomarker for renal angiomyolipomas and perivascular epithelioid cell tumours
Authors: Gulavita Previn , Fletcher Christopher D M , Hirsch Michelle S 
Published: August 2017

AimsRenal angiomyolipoma (AML) and perivascular epithelioid cell tumour (PEComa) are members of the microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor (MiTF) family of tumours. Traditionally, HMB45 and melan‐A have been used to diagnose these lesions; however, low sensitivity can make interpretation difficult. PNL2 is a sensitive and specific biomarker for epithelioid melanoma, and immunoreactivity has also been shown in small series of PEComas. This study was aimed at determining the utility of PNL2 in MiTF and non‐MiTF renal tumours.Methods and resultsPNL2 immunostaining was performed on 196 tumours, including 40 MiTF renal tumours [AMLs, epithelioid AMLs, sclerosing PEComas, malignant PEComas, and Xp11.2 renal cell carcinomas (RCCs)] and 156 non‐MiTF renal tumours. HMB45, melan‐A and cathepsin K were also evaluated in a subset of MiTF tumours. Overall, 85% of AMLs and PEComas were positive for PNL2, as compared with 81%, 76% and 95% that were positive for HMB45, melan‐A, and cathepsin K, respectively. In 55% of cases, PNL2 stained more extensively than HMB45. PNL2 staining was more frequent than HMB45 (78%) and melan‐A (38%) staining in sclerosing and malignant PEComas (89%). All remaining renal tumours, except one melanocytic Xp11.2 RCC, were negative for PNL2.ConclusionsPNL2 has high sensitivity and specificity for AML and PEComas as compared with non‐MiTF renal tumours, and PNL2 appears to be a more useful biomarker for sclerosing and malignant PEComas. For cases that are limited in tissue quantity (i.e. core biopsies) and/or are morphologically suspicious for AML/PEComa, but negative or focally positive for HMB45 and melan‐A, PNL2 may be a useful adjunctive biomarker.
The effect of professional tooth cleaning or non‐surgical periodontal therapy on oral halitosis in patients with periodontal diseases. A systematic review
Authors: Deutscher HCD , Derman SHM , Barbe AG , Seemann R , Noack MJ 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this systematic review was to give the best available evidence on the impact of professional tooth cleaning (PTC) and scaling and root planing (SRP) on oral halitosis in patients with periodontal diseases.Material and methodsThree databases were screened for relevant studies. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or controlled clinical trials (CCT) were included.The primary outcome in all included studies was volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) measured by Halimeter or OralChroma and organoleptic scores as secondary outcome.Only studies investigating healthy adults except for periodontitis or gingivitis were included. The considered intervention strategies were professional tooth cleaning and non‐surgical periodontal treatment. For both strategies, additional oral hygiene instructions (OHI) were possible. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection and quality assessment.Search resultsAfter abstract and title screening and subsequent full‐text reading of potential papers, a placebo‐controlled RCT could not be found. However, eight studies or particular arms used PTC or SRP as sole interventions and were included in this review.All trials or study arms included showed a positive effect on VSC levels or organoleptic scores after intervention.ConclusionsBased on best available evidence, PTC and SRP in combination with oral hygiene instructions reduced VSC values in patients with oral halitosis and/or periodontal diseases, independent of tongue cleaning and the use of mouth rinses.
IDENTITY, RELATION R, AND WHAT MATTERS
Authors: Baillie James 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:This paper offers a challenge to Derek Parfit's thesis that one ought to have no preference between these two otherwise identical situations: 1. I continue to go on living as before, and 2. I do not survive, but am replaced by a duplicate, psychologically continuous to my present self (i.e. an R‐related duplicate). I point out that virtually all psychologically normal persons regard some inanimate objects as being ‘irreplaceable’ (such that no copy could adequately substitute). I then propose that in every such case, this judgment is based on the subject's regarding some person as likewise irreplaceable. It would follow that any such subject would have to reject Parfit's thesis.
WHAT DO BELIEF ASCREBERS REALLY MEAN? A REPLY TO STEPHEN SCHIFFER
Authors: Reimer Marga 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:Stephen Schiffer has recently claimed that the currently popular “hidden‐indexical” theory of belief reports is an implausible theory of such reports. His central argument for this claim is based on what he refers to as the “meaning‐intention” problem. In this paper, I claim that the meaning‐intention problem is powerless against the hidden‐indexical theory of belief reports. I further contend that the theory is in fact a plausible theory of such reports.
A dimensional examination of eating disorder symptoms in relation to cognitive processing: An event‐related potentials study
Authors: Schaefer Lauren M. , Nooner Kate B. 
Published: August 2017

Identifying neurocognitive mechanisms involved in individuals experiencing eating disorder (ED) symptoms may be important for preventing EDs and improving rates of recovery. The present pilot study assessed how cognitive functioning may be associated with ED symptoms in college students (N = 41). Cognitive functioning was examined using electroencephalography during an auditory response inhibition task to measure the P3 component of event‐related potentials. Multiple regression analysis revealed that longer P3 latencies in the frontal region of the cortex were significantly and linearly associated with greater ED symptoms F(3, 37) = 13.62, p < .001, R2 = 0.525, Adj. R2 = 0.486. These pilot findings build upon prior work in clinical samples in that they indicate that functional brain differences are observable across a wide span of ED symptoms, not just in those with diagnosed ED. The present findings provide support for further exploration of changes in P3 latencies among individuals with ED symptoms to enhance our understanding of neural mechanisms that may pertain to the dimensional aspects of disordered eating attitudes and behaviors.
The scope for adaptation of quinoa in Northern Latitudes of Europe
Authors: Jacobsen S.‐E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDue to the increasing global demand for quinoa, both as an Andean export commodity and for agricultural development purposes, there is considerable interest in testing quinoa for growing under a range of environmental and geographical conditions. One of the environments most distanced from the crops’ natural conditions is Northern Europe. Research work performed in Europe has demonstrated the potential of quinoa to be produced under European conditions, with varieties adapted to longer days, more humid environment and mechanization. Quinoa is now grown commercially outside South America, and the number of producer countries and area is rapidly increasing. To secure a successful cultivation of quinoa in Northern Europe, several aspects must be considered. The only cultivars to grow are daylength neutral varieties. Establishment of the crop is critical, as all small seeded crops require a shallow sowing depth in a uniform and humid seed bed. Weed control should be done as carefully and precisely as possible with hoeing between the rows. Harvest takes place when seeds are mature, and plants are dry. In Northern Europe, harvest is taking place in the beginning of September. Yields are 1–3 t/ha, and prices are high. Breeding efforts in quinoa aim at disease resistance against downy mildew (Peronospora variabilis), earliness, low saponin content and high yield. The scope for adaptation and marketing of locally produced quinoa in Northern Europe seems considerable.
Phylogenetic signals in thermal traits remain stronger in the tropics if we can believe published physiological data. A reply to McKechnie et al., “Data quality problems undermine analyses of endotherm upper critical temperatures”
Authors: Hof Christian , Fritz Susanne A. , Prinzinger Roland , Pfenninger Markus , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Khaliq Imran 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDue to concerns about data quality, McKechnie, Coe, Gerson, and Wolf () questioned the conclusions of our study (Khaliq et al., ) published in this journal. Here, we argue that most of the questioned data points are in fact useful for macrophysiological analyses, mostly because the vast majority of data are explicitly reported in the peer‐reviewed physiological literature. Furthermore, we show that our conclusions remain largely robust irrespective of the data inclusion criterion. While we think that constructive debates about the adequate use of primary data in meta‐studies as well as more transparency in data inclusion criteria are indeed useful, we also emphasize that data suitability should be evaluated in the light of the scope and scale of the study in which they are used. We hope that this discussion will not discourage the exchange between disciplines such as biogeography and physiology, as this integration is needed to address some of the most urgent scientific challenges.
First global molecular phylogeny and biogeographical analysis of two arachnid orders (Schizomida and Uropygi) supports a tropical Pangean origin and mid‐Cretaceous diversification
Authors: Clouse Ronald M. , Branstetter Michael G. , Buenavente Perry , Crowley Louise M. , Czekanski‐Moir Jesse , General David Emmanuel M. , Giribet Gonzalo , Harvey Mark S. , Janies Daniel A. , Mohagan Alma B. , Mohagan Dave P. , Sharma Prashant P. , Wheeler Ward C. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimWe sought to illuminate the history of the arachnid orders Schizomida and Uropygi, neither of which have previously been subjected to global molecular phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses.LocationSpecimens used in this study were collected in all major tropical and subtropical areas where they are presently found, including the Americas, Africa, Australia and the Indo‐Pacific region.MethodsFrom field‐collected specimens, we sequenced two nuclear and two mitochondrial markers, combined these with publicly available data, and conducted multi‐gene phylogenetic analyses on 240 Schizomida, 24 Uropygi and 12 other arachnid outgroups. Schizomid specimens included one specimen from the small family Protoschizomidae; other schizomid specimens were in Hubbardiidae, subfamily Hubbardiinae, which holds 289 of the order's 305 named species. We inferred ancestral areas using the Dispersal‐Extinction‐Cladogenesis model of range evolution, and we used fossil calibrations to estimate divergence times.ResultsWe recovered monophyletic Schizomida and Uropygi as each other's sister group, forming the clade Thelyphonida, and terminals from the New World were usually positioned as the earliest diverging lineages. The ancestral area for schizomids reconstructed unambiguously to the region comprised of Mexico, Southern California and Florida (the xeric New World subtropics). Optimal trees suggested a single colonization of the Indo‐Pacific in both orders, although this did not receive bootstrap support. Molecular dating gave an Upper Carboniferous origin for each order, and a mid‐Cretaceous expansion of Schizomida, including the origin and initial diversification of those in the Indo‐Pacific.Main conclusionsAncestral area reconstructions, molecular dating and fossil evidence all support an Upper Carboniferous, tropical Pangean origin for Thelyphonida, Schizomida and perhaps Uropygi. Much of this region became unsuitable habitat for these arachnids during the breakup of Pangea, but they persisted in the area that is now Meso‐ and South America. From there they then expanded to the Indo‐Pacific, where schizomids today display an idiosyncratic combination of microendemism and long‐range dispersal.
Do metacommunities vary through time? Intermittent rivers as model systems
Authors: Sarremejane Romain , Cañedo‐Argüelles Miguel , Prat Narcís , Mykrä Heikki , Muotka Timo , Bonada Núria 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimMetacommunity assembly mechanisms have been traditionally considered stable through time. However, in highly dynamic systems with varying local environmental conditions and patch connectivity, communities are likely to experience temporal shifts in their assembly mechanisms. Here, we used a set of perennial (PR) and intermittent (IR) rivers to assess if assembly mechanisms vary seasonally in response to flow intermittence.LocationMediterranean climate region (100,000 km2), Spain.MethodsWe used a modelling approach to assess the relative effect of environmental sorting and dispersal‐based processes on aquatic invertebrate metacommunities within and across river types at four distinct hydrological periods. We used local environmental variables to assess environmental sorting, and considered geographical, network and topographical distances as different dispersal surrogates. Linear mixed effect models accounting for the non‐independence of pairwise distances were used to assess the relationships between community dissimilarity and distance matrices.ResultsAssembly mechanisms were more temporally stable in PR than in IR. In PR, community dissimilarities were equally related to environmental and geographical distances suggesting codominance of species sorting and dispersal‐based assembly mechanisms. In IR, environmental distance best explained community dissimilarities during the dry period when flow cessation imposes strong environmental sorting, whereas metacommunity organization was much more stochastic during the rewetting period when high flows may randomly reorganize communities. Dispersal processes dominated assembly mechanisms between PR and IR during the rewetting period suggesting an increase in recolonization processes linking both river types following the dry period. Geographical and topographical distances best explained community variability, suggesting that overland dispersal dominates in river networks fragmented by drying events.Main conclusionsAquatic invertebrate metacommunity assembly mechanisms vary seasonally in response to changes in hydrological conditions. The temporal dimension should be better incorporated into metacommunity studies in highly dynamic systems such as intermittent rivers.
Periodontal treatment modulates gene expression of endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic patients
Authors: Wang Yi , Liu Hin Nam , Zhen Zhe , Yiu Kai Hang , Tse Hung Fat , Pelekos George , Tonetti Maurizio , Jin Lijian 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPeriodontitis is closely linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and endothelial dysfunction. This study investigated the effects of periodontal treatment on immuno‐inflammatory gene expression of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in diabetic patients.MethodsEighteen T2DM patients with moderate to severe chronic periodontitis were randomly assigned to the Treatment group with oral hygiene instruction (OHI), scaling and root debridement (n = 11), and Control group (n = 7) with OHI alone. Peripheral blood samples were taken for biochemical analysis and culture of EPCs at baseline and 6 months after the treatment. PCR array‐based profiling of 84 Toll‐like receptor signalling‐related genes in EPCs was firstly assessed for four randomly selected patients from the Treatment group. The differentially expressed genes were then further validated by qPCR in both groups.ResultsAll subjects in the Treatment group significantly improved their periodontal conditions. Among the 84 genes tested, IL‐6 and IL‐8 transcripts were significantly downregulated with over twofold change after the treatment, and this observation was further validated by qPCR in all subjects from both groups (p < .05).ConclusionThis preliminary study suggests that periodontal treatment may contribute to a notable reduction in immuno‐inflammatory gene expression measured by IL‐6 and IL‐8 transcripts in EPCs.