bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Landscape of Cannabis Warning Labels in US States with Legal Retail Nonmedical Cannabis, 2024
Authors: Meek Caroline J. , Ranney Leah M. , Clark Sonia A. , Jarman Kristen L. , Callanan Rachel , Kowitt Sarah D. 
Published: October 2024

Objectives. To characterize regulatory practices related to nonmedical cannabis warning labels in states across the United States that have legalized retail nonmedical cannabis. Methods. In March 2024, we conducted a content analysis of regulations for nonmedical cannabis warning labels required on product packages in 20 states where, as of March 2024, adults could legally purchase nonmedical cannabis in retail environments. For each state, we examined requirements related to warning label content and characteristics. Results. Required warning label content and characteristics varied widely across states. Only 2 states required a warning about mental health risks (10%) and 2 states required a warning for high potency products on risk of psychosis (10%). No states required front-of-package warning placement, only 2 states required rotating warnings (10%), and 4 states required contrasting colors (20%). Warnings were often verbose (mean = 57 words), vague, and had small or no minimum font size. Conclusions. Opportunities exist for states to improve the alignment of their nonmedical cannabis warning label regulations with evidence that has been generated so far in cannabis effects, cannabis warning efficacy, and warning label design. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S681–S684. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307722 )
Trends in Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol and Cannabis Among Young Adults in Washington State From Before to During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Hultgren Brittney A. , Calhoun Brian H. , Fleming Charles B. , Rhew Isaac C. , Larimer Mary E. , Kilmer Jason R. , Guttmannova Katarina 
Published: October 2024

Objectives. To examine trends in young adult self-reported driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI-A), cannabis (DUI-C), and simultaneous alcohol and cannabis use (DUI-AC) in a state with legalized nonmedical cannabis use from before to during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods. We used logistic regression and annual statewide data from the Washington Young Adult Health Survey to assess DUI behaviors from 2016 to 2021. Results. Both prepandemic yearly changes in prevalence and deviations from those trends during the pandemic years were small and not statistically significant. However, prevalence estimates were alarming: 12.0% of participants reported DUI-A, 12.5% reported DUI-C, and 2.7% reported DUI-AC. Exploratory moderation analyses indicated a relative increase in DUI-A during 2020 among 4-year college students relative to young adults not attending 4-year colleges. Conclusions. Young adults in Washington State continued to engage in risky DUI behaviors during the pandemic. College students may have increased their likelihood of DUI-A during COVID-19. Public Health Implications. Young adults, for whom vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of death, showed little change in DUI behaviors during the COVID-19 pandemic. There is continued need for young adult DUI prevention efforts. ( Am J Public Health. 2024;114(S8):S698–S701. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307767 )
Identification of therapeutic targets for chronic kidney disease through Mendelian randomization analysis of druggable genes
Authors: Liang Run-Sen , Su Jin-Qi , Wu Xiang-Qi , Wang Qi , Cai Yong-Mei , Su Hong-Yong , Tang Ji-Xin , Yao Cui-Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a multifaceted and gradually advancing condition characterized by a complex pathogenesis. The current therapeutic options for CKD remain limited in efficacy. Consequently, the identification and exploration of novel drug targets for CKD are of paramount importance.
METHODS
We identified cis-expression quantitative trait loci (cis-eQTLs) with potential as drug targets from the eQTLGen Consortium database to serve as the exposure. For the outcome, we utilized a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) from the FinnGen database, which comprised a case group of 11,265 individuals and a control group of 436,208 individuals. MR analysis was employed to investigate druggable genes closely associated with CKD. Subsequently, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to elucidate the functional roles of these significant genes. Finally, a colocalization analysis was conducted to determine the likelihood that a cis-eQTL for a druggable gene and CKD share a causal variant.
RESULTS
The expression of 12 genes was found to be significantly associated with CKD risk, with a false discovery rate (FDR) of less than 0.05. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses indicated that these genes are primarily involved in the regulation of MAP kinase activity, regulation of protein serine/threonine kinase activity, Gap junction, Platelet activation and Oxytocin signaling pathway. The colocalization analysis results suggested that CKD and the TUBB gene may share a causal variant, with a posterior probability (PP.H4) exceeding 80% (TUBB: 97.27%).
CONCLUSION
Compelling statistical evidence indicates that TUBB represents the most promising pharmacological target for the treatment of CKD. This study not only identifies potential therapeutic targets but also offers valuable insights for future drug development in the context of CKD.
A changing hepatitis B virus genetic diversity pattern in North-western Tanzania: Is it a concern for Tanzania?
Authors: Mlewa Mathias , Henerico Shimba , Nyawale Helmut A. , Mangowi Ivon , Shangali Aminiel Robert , Manisha Anselmo Mathias , Kisanga Felix , Kidenya Benson R. , Jaka Hyasinta , Kilonzo Semvua B. , Groendahl Britta , Koliopoulos Philipp , Stephan Gehring , Ntinginya Nyanda Elias , Mirambo Mariam M. , Mshana Stephen E. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Frequent evaluation and understanding of the genetic diversity of the HBV virus in different affected global settings is essential towards the elimination of infection by 2030. In this regard, HBV genetic diversity evaluation is scarcely done in Tanzania, imposing a crucial knowledge gap. We serologically and genetically characterized the HBV from 21 chronically HBV-infected patients attending Bugando Medical Centre to determine the HBV genetic diversity.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted on the selected 21 plasma samples with high HBV-deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) levels of > 300,000IU/mL. DNA extraction was done using Qiagen DNA Blood Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). The Partial amplification of HBV DNA, sequencing and analysis was done at Institute of Virology, Giessen Germany.
Results
The mean age of 21 HBV chronically infected patients was 41 ± 11 years with HBV-DNA median of 979 [185.5–8457.5] IU/mL. Majority (85.7%, 18/21) were males from Mwanza. The genotypes detected were HBV/A; 76.2% (16/21), all being A1, followed by HBV/D; 19% (4/21), all being D4 and lastly HBV/G, 4.8% (1/21). The HBV/A1 serotypes were Adw2; 81.3% (13/16), followed by Ayw2; 12.5% (2/16) and all 4 HBV/D4 genotypes were serotype Ayw2. Overall, 19% (4/21) of the patients had HBV escape mutations (T123V, Y134N, P120T and T123A). The HBV/A identified in this study were distributed randomly among other HBV/As from all regions of Tanzania reported previous. On the other hand, HBV/D identified in this study were distributed among HBV/Ds from the North-western Tanzania identified previously. However, most of the HBV/As and all of the HBV/Ds identified in this study did not mix-up with HBV/As and HBV/Ds from other parts of the world.
Conclusion
HBV/A (HBV/A1) is predominant over time in North-western Tanzania. Most HBV/A1 and all HBV/D are unique to Tanzania as had been previously reported. However, the molecular epidemiology of HBV in this region is changing with occurrence of HBV/G as a new genotype and increasing HBV escape mutations which are mostly not due to drug pressure selection. The observation of HBV escape mutations threatening the future efficacy of serologic diagnostic tests and HBV vaccination in Tanzania underscoring the continuous monitoring of these mutants.
Archived natural DNA samplers reveal four decades of biodiversity change across the tree of life
Authors: Krehenwinkel Henrik , Junk Isabelle , Hans Julian , Perez-Lamarque Benoît , Weber Sven , Stothut Manuel , Gold Elisabeth , Schubert Caroline , Schumacher Alice , Schmitt Nina , Melcher Anja , Paulus Martin , Klein Roland , Teubner Diana , Koschorreck Jan , Kennedy Susan , Morlon Helene 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Detecting the imprints of global environmental change on biological communities is a paramount task for ecological research1,2,3,4. But due to a lack of standardized long-term biomonitoring data, community assembly in the Anthropocene remains poorly understood5,6,7. Novel sources of data for analyzing biodiversity change across time and space are urgently needed8,9. By metabarcoding highly standardized biota samples from a long-term pollution monitoring archive in Germany, we here analyze four decades of community diversity for tens of thousands of species across the tree of life. The samples – tree leaves, marine macroalgae, and marine and limnic mussels – represent natural community DNA samplers10,11, preserving a taxonomically diverse imprint of their associated biodiversity at the time of collection9,12. We find no evidence for localized diversity declines1, but a strong, gradual compositional turnover as a universal pattern of temporal biodiversity change in Germany’s terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems5,13,14. This turnover results in biotic homogenization in terrestrial ecosystems, indicative of country-wide diversity decline. Our work uncovers a massive cryptic biodiversity loss across ecosystems, resulting from out-of-equilibrium ecological dynamics. This highlights the immense promise of alternative sample sources to provide standardized time series data of biodiversity change in the Anthropocene.
Hybrid approaches enhance hydrological model usability for local streamflow prediction
Authors: Pechlivanidis Ilias , Du Yiheng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Hydrological models are essential for predicting water flux dynamics, including extremes, and managing water resources, yet traditional process-based large-scale models often struggle with accuracy and process understanding due to their inability to represent complex, non-linear hydrometeorological processes, limiting their effectiveness in local conditions. Here we explore hybrid methods combining process-based modelling and statistical or machine learning post-processors to improve streamflow predictive accuracy, including extremes, across Europe’s hydro-climatic gradient. We investigate various post-processing methods, such as random forest, long short-term memory model, quantile mapping and generalised linear model, demonstrating significant improvements in model performance, particularly in terms of reducing total volume errors and increasing robustness across diverse climatic and geographic conditions. We further show that hydrologic similarity is one of the key drivers that control the hybrid approach’s improvements, together with other basin characteristics, such as mean precipitation and mean temperature. Our results also reveal spatial complementarity among the post-processing methods, with no absolute superiority identified from a single method, pointing towards multi-model averaging approaches for the future evolution of hybrid hydrological modelling.
Clinicoradiologic Differences between Orbital Schwannoma and Cavernous Venous Malformation: A Retrospective Comparative Case Series
Authors: Yap Ulysses Joseph , Chung Sae Rom , Lee Jeong Hyun , Sa Ho-Seok 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVE
To compare the clinical and radiological characteristics, and surgical outcomes of orbital schwannoma and cavernous venous malformation (CVM).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively compared 13 and 26 patients with biopsy-proven orbital schwannoma and CVM, respectively, analyzing clinical features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) features (including dynamic contrast enhancement [DCE] imaging, apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC] and CT values), surgery type, and outcomes.
RESULTS
In both the schwannoma (mean age, 45 ± 16.7 years; 53.8% females) and CVM (mean age, 50.2 ± 8.6 years; 61.5% females) groups, gradual proptosis was the most common symptom (53,8% and 46.2%; mean measurements of 3.0 ± 1.97 mm and 2.5 ± 1.64 mm, respectively. Both groups had a common intraconal location (61.5 and 53.8%; mean sizes of 21.0 ± 7 mm and 20 ± 5 mm, respectively). On MRI, schwannomas were significantly more heterogeneous than CVM (p = 0.044). Tail sign and target sign were seen in 46.2% of schwannomas (p < 0.001), and linear T2 hypointensity was present in 57.7% of CVM (p = 0.008). DCE-MRI revealed diffuse early enhancement for schwannomas and nodular early enhancement for CVMs (p < 0.001). Schwannomas displayed higher ADC value without statistical significance (1.64 ± 0.56 x 10− 3 mm2/s vs. 1.26 ± 0.21 x 10− 3 mm2/s; p = 0.078), but significantly lower median CT value (40 HU vs. 56 HU; p = 0.001) than CVM. Majority underwent en bloc surgical excision without capsule violation (schwannoma, 76.9%; CVM, 100%). Schwannoma patients more frequently required lateral bony marginotomy compared to CVMs (23.1% vs. 7.7%). 23.1% of schwannoma patients underwent subtotal resection to avoid complications, with no recurrence observed during a 4.3 ± 3.4-year follow-up.
CONCLUSION
MRI aids in pre-operatively diagnosing orbital schwannoma and CVM. Schwannomas exhibit heterogeneous T2WI appearance, diffuse early-phase enhancement, and tail/target signs. Conversely, CVMs display homogenous T2WI signal, linear T2 hypointensity, and nodular early-phase enhancement. Additionally, schwannomas showed lower value on CT. For schwannomas, physicians should not risk vision loss or strabismus for total excision in anatomically challenging cases, as the risk of recurrence after subtotal resection is rare.
All Irradiance-Applicable, Perovskite Solar Cells-Powered Flexible Self-Sustaining Sensor Nodes for Wireless Internet-of-Things
Authors: Shi Yantao , Han Wenqi , Nie Ruicheng , Yin Bing , Zhang Jie , Qiu Sen , Wei Jiazhen , Pei Mingzhu , Qin Yuan , Wang Wen , Zhang Xiangyang , Cheng Jiashuo , Liu Lida 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Currently, there are 17 billion IoT nodes, mostly powered by cables or batteries, leading to high maintenance costs and increased risk of data loss during power outages. Despite various energy harvesting technologies, the widespread deployment of self-sustaining IoT nodes is limited due to the lack of stable, continuous energy sources and limited power efficiency. We introduce an all-irradiance, 24-hour self-sustaining flexible node (SSN) with a perovskite solar cell module (FPSM) for steady power. The FPSM achieves over 30.54% power conversion efficiency (PCE) indoors, providing power in various lighting. The SSN, equipped with temperature and humidity sensors, uses a low-power Zigbee module for wireless data transfer. The FPSM-SSN reliably conducts 24-hour environmental monitoring indoors and achieves comprehensive three-dimensional data collection across "indoor-outdoor-aerial" environments. Additionally, it can also intelligently control household appliances based on temperature changes. The FPSM-SSN's robust self-sustaining capabilities demonstrate significant potential for IoT applications.
Findings from computed tomography examinations of Viking skulls
Authors: Bertilsson Carolina , Borg Eva , Vretemark Maria , Lund Henrik 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction Computed tomography images can provide information about anatomical structures and pathological processes in ancient skulls. A previous study on the teeth and jaws of 171 individuals in a late Swedish Viking-age population, dating around the 10th − 12th century made clinical examinations that included intraoral radiographs. To gain more information about these unique remains, this study examined a subset of this population with computed tomography.Materials and method The skulls of 15 Viking-era individuals were examined with computed tomography. Two dental specialists in maxillofacial radiology and one general dentist examined the images together, performing the diagnostics.Results Findings included signs of pathological conditions of the teeth; of the alveolar, auricular, mandibular, and maxillary bone; and of the sinuses and temporomandibular joints. These findings indicated the presence of dental caries, periodontal disease, periapical destructions with and without communication to the maxillary sinus or the oral cavity, infection-induced periosteal bone deposition, remodelling of the caput mandibulae, infection located to the ramus mandibulae, and sinusitis.Conclusion Computed tomography investigation of skeletal remains from an early Christian community in the Viking era in Sweden found that the population suffered from numerous orofacial pathologies, including dental disease, sinusitis, otitis, and various infections. As an investigation method of skeletal remains, computed tomography imagery was able to identify pathologies that might be difficult to find through clinical examination.
Photocatalytic degradation of free cholesterol using UV light: Kinetics and clinical studies, in vitro
Authors: Taha Ali Amajad , Al-Garawi Zahraa 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Cholesterol, a steroid compound, is a waxy molecule that is found in approximately all types of cells in the human body. A higher concentration of cholesterol in the blood is associated with cardiovascular disease, which causes atherosclerosis. Lowering cholesterol is the most frequently prescribed target for reducing morbidity and mortality related to heart disease. Here, the photocatalytic degradation of diluted serum from atherosclerosis patients (1:5, potassium phosphate buffer, pH 6.5: serum) over 48 hr was investigated, in vitro, by a UV-light-based catalyst (370 nm, 220 V, 56 W). The resulting species were characterized using an ultraviolet spectrophotometer and HPLC. The results showed that the maximum degradation of cholesterol (350 mg/dl) was 19.7%. The kinetics of degradation followed the pseudo first order and kinetic model with a constant rate (k) of (4.7x10-3 min-1). The degradation was successfully confirmed by the formation of free fatty acids, for which the acid content was equal to 6.1 after degradation compared to its negligible value before degradation. On the other hand, the enzymatic degradation percentage of cholesterol (405 mg/dL) was also studied, and the results indicated 50% degradation after ~ one hour. Therefore, this study demonstrated that ultraviolet absorption can offer a feasible direction for the quantitative degradation of high concentrations of cholesterol. Photocatalysis is an alternative method for removing cholesterol from serum samples.
Unusual radiographic appearance of Fecalith leading to acute abdomen in a patient consuming Iron: A Case Report
Authors: Pathak Niharika , Thapa Megha , Sah Sushil , Pandey Prakash , Joshi Padam Raj 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background: Fecalith is common clinical condition, delay in diagnosis and management can lead to life threatening complications.
Case Presentation: We are reporting the case of an 18 years old lady which have unusual radiographic appearance of fecalith which was diagnosed in rural emergency setting and managed with simple conservative approach.
Conclusion: Fecalith can present with acute abdomen and confusing radiographic picture. It can lead to life-threatening bowel complications but can be managed conservatively with early diagnosis.
The Efficacy of Different Acupuncture Methods in Patients with Disorders of Consciousness Based on Electroencephalography: an autocontrol trial
Authors: Cao Ziyuan , Zhang Hao , Fu Guan , Huang Binbin , Li Hongwei , Li Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to investigate the effects of Xingnao Kaiqiao (XNKQ) needling method and the Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method combined with Shixuan and Yongquan points (XNKQSY needling method) on brain function in patients with different levels of consciousness.
Methods
Thirty-three patients with disorders of consciousness (DOCs) were divided into minimally conscious state (MCS) (n=16) and unresponsive wakefulness syndrome (UWS) (n=17) groups according to their Coma Recovery Scale-Revised (CRS-R) scores. The patients in both groups were treated using XNKQ and XNKQSY needling methods. XNKQ needling method was administered on day 1, whereas the techniques in XNKQSY needling method were administered at the same time on next day. The MMN and CRS-R scores were measured before acupuncture treatment (T0), after single treatment with XNKQ needling method (T1), and after single treatment with XNKQSY needling method (T2). The electroencephalography (EEG) data were acquired using a 64-channel wireless EEG amplifier.
Results
(1) MCS group: The patients with MCS showed a significant increase in MMN amplitude after the application of XNKQ needling method (T1) compared with pre-treatment (T0) (0.84 [0.67, 1.05)] vs 1.21 [0.96, 1.92], respectively, p=0.001). Although increased MNN amplitude was observed after the application of XNKQSY needling method (T2), the difference was not statistically significant (0.84 [0.67, 1.05] vs 1.05 [0.72, 1.53], respectively, p=0.867).
(2) UWS group: Compared with pre-treatment (T0), the patients with UWS showed significant increases in MMN amplitude after the application of both XNKQ needling methods (T1) (0.34 [0.26, 0.59] vs 0.72 [0.55, 1.22], respectively, p=0.049) and XNKQSY needling method (T2) (0.34 [0.26, 0.59] vs 1.15 [0.93, 1.87], respectively, p<0.001), with a more significant increase for XNKQSY needling method (0.72 [0.55, 1.22] vs 1.15 [0.93, 1.87], p=0.049).
Conclusion
As measured by MMN, Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method appears to be more suitable for patients with MCS, whereas Xingnao Kaiqiao needling method combined with Shixuan and Yongquan points may be more suitable for those with UWS. MMN can be used as an auxiliary evaluation tool during acupuncture treatment. There may be a delay in behavioural changes in patients with DOCs compared to changes in brain function during the assessment of consciousness.