bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Small‐Molecule Inhibitors of the Antiapoptotic Protein Myeloid Cell Leukaemia‐1 (Mcl‐1)
Authors: Beekman Andrew M. , O'Connell Maria A. , Howell Lesley A. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractProtein–protein interactions (PPIs) control many cellular processes in cancer and tumour growth. Of significant interest is the role PPIs play in regulating apoptosis. The overexpression of the antiapoptosis regulating Bcl‐2 family of proteins is commonly observed in several cancers, leading to resistance towards both radiation and chemotherapies. From this family, myeloid cell leukemia‐1 (Mcl‐1) has proven the most difficult to target, and one of the leading causes of treatment resistance. Exploiting the selective PPI between the apoptosis‐regulating protein Noxa and Mcl‐1, utilising a fluorescence polarization assay, we have identified four small molecules with the ability to modulate Mcl‐1. The identified compounds were computationally modelled and docked against the Mcl‐1 binding interface to obtain structural information about their binding sites allowing for future analogue design. When examined for their activity towards pancreatic cell lines that overexpress Mcl‐1 (MiaPaCa‐2 and BxPC‐3), the identified compounds demonstrated growth inhibition, suggesting effective Mcl‐1 modulation.
Using computer‐extracted image phenotypes from tumors on breast magnetic resonance imaging to predict breast cancer pathologic stage
Authors: Burnside Elizabeth S. , Drukker Karen , Li Hui , Bonaccio Ermelinda , Zuley Margarita , Ganott Marie , Net Jose M. , Sutton Elizabeth J. , Brandt Kathleen R. , Whitman Gary J. , Conzen Suzanne D. , Lan Li , Ji Yuan , Zhu Yitan , Jaffe Carl C. , Huang Erich P. , Freymann John B. , Kirby Justin S. , Morris Elizabeth A. , Giger Maryellen L. 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDThe objective of this study was to demonstrate that computer‐extracted image phenotypes (CEIPs) of biopsy‐proven breast cancer on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can accurately predict pathologic stage.METHODSThe authors used a data set of deidentified breast MRIs organized by the National Cancer Institute in The Cancer Imaging Archive. In total, 91 biopsy‐proven breast cancers were analyzed from patients who had information available on pathologic stage (stage I, n = 22; stage II, n = 58; stage III, n = 11) and surgically verified lymph node status (negative lymph nodes, n = 46; ≥ 1 positive lymph node, n = 44; no lymph nodes examined, n = 1). Tumors were characterized according to 1) radiologist‐measured size and 2) CEIP. Then, models were built that combined 2 CEIPs to predict tumor pathologic stage and lymph node involvement, and the models were evaluated in a leave‐1‐out, cross‐validation analysis with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) as the value of interest.RESULTSTumor size was the most powerful predictor of pathologic stage, but CEIPs that captured biologic behavior also emerged as predictive (eg, stage I and II vs stage III demonstrated an AUC of 0.83). No size measure was successful in the prediction of positive lymph nodes, but adding a CEIP that described tumor “homogeneity” significantly improved discrimination (AUC = 0.62; P = .003) compared with chance.CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicate that MRI phenotypes have promise for predicting breast cancer pathologic stage and lymph node status. Cancer 2016;122:748–757. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Cytologic categorization of pancreatic neoplastic mucinous cysts with an assessment of the risk of malignancy: A retrospective study based on the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology guidelines
Authors: Smith Amber L. , Abdul‐Karim Fadi W. , Goyal Abha 
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUNDCytology plays a pivotal role in the preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic cysts. Here the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology (Pap Society) guidelines were used to reclassify and assess the malignancy risk of cytology diagnoses of histologically proven pancreatic neoplastic mucinous cysts.METHODSA database search (January 2000 to June 2014) was performed for pancreatic neoplastic mucinous cyst resections with endoscopic ultrasound–guided fine‐needle aspiration within the preceding year. Histologic diagnoses were reclassified according to the 2010 Word Health Organization criteria. For atypical/suspicious/positive cytology diagnoses, the cytology slides were reviewed, blinded to the histologic diagnoses. The cysts were reclassified according to the Pap Society guidelines, and the findings were correlated with the histology.RESULTSOne hundred thirty‐eight cases of pancreatic neoplastic mucinous cysts were retrieved. Eleven cases with atypical/suspicious cytology diagnoses with unavailable slides were excluded. The remaining 127 cases included 81 intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms and 46 mucinous cystic neoplasms. The sensitivity of cytology for the diagnosis of neoplastic mucinous cysts was 76.4%. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of cytology for the diagnosis of malignancy (high‐grade dysplasia or worse) were 48.3%, 94.9%, and 84.3%, respectively. The risk of malignancy was 17.4% for the nondiagnostic category, 0% for the negative category, 13% for the neoplastic category, 63.6% for the atypical category, 80% for the suspicious category, and 100% for a positive diagnosis.CONCLUSIONSThis study reveals that the Pap Society guidelines allow the accurate categorization of pancreatic neoplastic mucinous cysts with cytology. The diagnostic categories (from negative to positive) are associated with an increasing risk of malignancy, and this can further aid in patient management and risk stratification. Cancer Cytopathol 2016;124:285–93. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Selective Killing of Breast Cancer Cells by Doxorubicin‐Loaded Fluorescent Gold Nanoclusters: Confocal Microscopy and FRET
Authors: Chattoraj Shyamtanu , Amin Asif , Jana Batakrishna , Mohapatra Saswat , Ghosh Surajit , Bhattacharyya Kankan 
Published: November 2015

AbstractFluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) capped with lysozymes are used to deliver the anticancer drug doxorubicin to cancer and noncancer cells. Doxorubicin‐loaded AuNCs cause the highly selective and efficient killing (90 %) of breast cancer cells (MCF7) (IC50=155 nm). In contrast, the killing of the noncancer breast cells (MCF10A) by doxorubicin‐loaded AuNCs is only 40 % (IC50=4500 nm). By using a confocal microscope, the fluorescence spectrum and decay of the AuNCs were recorded inside the cell. The fluorescence maxima (at ≈490–515 nm) and lifetime (≈2 ns), of the AuNCs inside the cells correspond to Au10–13. The intracellular release of doxorubicin from AuNCs is monitored by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging.
Catalytic Activity and Impedance Behavior of Screen‐Printed Nickel Oxide as Efficient Water Oxidation Catalysts
Authors: Singh Archana , Fekete Monika , Gengenbach Thomas , Simonov Alexandr N. , Hocking Rosalie K. , Chang Shery L. Y. , Rothmann Mathias , Powar Satvasheel , Fu Dongchuan , Hu Zheng , Wu Qiang , Cheng Yi‐Bing , Bach Udo , Spiccia Leone 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWe report that films screen printed from nickel oxide (NiO) nanoparticles and microballs are efficient electrocatalysts for water oxidation under near‐neutral and alkaline conditions. Investigations of the composition and structure of the screen‐printed films by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy confirmed that the material was present as the cubic NiO phase. Comparison of the catalytic activity of the microball films to that of films fabricated by using NiO nanoparticles, under similar experimental conditions, revealed that the microball films outperform nanoparticle films of similar thickness owing to a more porous structure and higher surface area. A thinner, less‐resistive NiO nanoparticle film, however, was found to have higher activity per Ni atom. Anodization in borate buffer significantly improved the activity of all three films. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that during anodization, a mixed nickel oxyhydroxide phase formed on the surface of all films, which could account for the improved activity. Impedance spectroscopy revealed that surface traps contribute significantly to the resistance of the NiO films. On anodization, the trap state resistance of all films was reduced, which led to significant improvements in activity. In 1.00 m NaOH, both the microball and nanoparticle films exhibit high long‐term stability and produce a stable current density of approximately 30 mA cm−2 at 600 mV overpotential.
It is time to beelieve the CD1a hype!
Authors: Krovi Sai Harsha , Gapin Laurent 
Published: November 2015

Conventional T cells have historically been linked to exacerbating allergy. By efficiently generating primarily TH2 cells, allergens skew the immune response to produce IL‐4, IL‐13, and IgE. Previously, CD1a‐responsive T cells were shown to functionally respond to bee and wasp venom allergens. In this issue of the European Journal of Immunology, Subramaniam et al. [Eur. J. Immunol. 2016. 46: 242–252] show that more functionally active CD1a‐restricted cells are present in bee venom‐allergic patients than in healthy patients. Additionally, the authors show that these cells are not as frequently found in individuals receiving venom immunotherapy. Consequently, this study implicates CD1a‐reactive cells as the primary responders to venom allergy, which considerably regulate the downstream immune response.
Formation of Mono‐, Di‐ and Trinuclear Species in the Self‐Assembly of Bis(pyraz­olyl)(pyridin‐3‐yl)methane Ligands and ­Metals with Different Coordination Geometries
Authors: Durá Gema , Carrión M. Carmen , Jalón Félix A. , Manzano Blanca R. , Rodríguez Ana M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe self‐assembly of ligands bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)(pyridin‐3‐yl)methane (bpzm3py, L1) and bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)(pyridin‐3‐yl)methane (bpz*m3py, L2), with metals of different geometries has been investigated. The use of [PdCl2(PhCN)2] led to the formation of trinuclear species of the type [PdCl2(μ‐L)PdCl2(μ‐L)PdCl2] with two types of palladium centre. The use of Ni(NO3)2 led to the formation of cyclic dimers [Ni(μ‐L)(NO3)2]2, in which the ligands L adopt a head‐to‐tail disposition, whereas the reaction with CoCl2 led to mononuclear species [CoCl2(L)] with an uncoordinated pyridine ring. The reaction with silver salts gave, in all cases, cyclic dimers with tetracoordinate metal ions. In the cases of AgClO4 and AgCF3SO3, the products were [Ag(μ‐L)(X)]2 with the anions coordinated to the metal ions. In the case of AgBF4, the anion remained uncoordinated and the resulting species, [Ag(μ‐L)(S)2]2(BF4)2, contained coordinated crystallisation solvents (S = MeOH, acetone). The asymmetry in the ligands created by the 3‐substituent in the pyridine ring led to the generation of chirality in the case of the nickel and silver cyclic dimers. The supramolecular structures were analysed and a comparison was made with the structures of complexes that contain the related ligands bis(pyrazol‐1‐yl)(pyridin‐4‐yl)methane and bis(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)(pyridin‐4‐yl)methane. A “pyrazolyl embrace” was observed in a silver complex with the non‐methylated ligand L1.
Functional Molecules for Grafting onto Ionic Surfaces
Authors: Pujol Adeline R. , Bataillé Sonia , Gourdon André 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe 2D adsorption of molecules onto insulating surfaces is of increasing interest for future devices in emerging technologies such as molecular electronics, sensors, single‐molecule optics, and on‐surface synthesis. However, most attempts to stabilize molecular structures on these substrates have been hampered by weak molecule–surface interactions and so there is a need to develop organic molecules bearing suitable grafting groups. We report herein the synthesis of a series of molecules designed to be physisorbed onto alkali halide crystalline surfaces. They comprise a rigid central benzene or triphenylene core bearing, respectively, two or six alkyl ether chains terminated by cyano, carboxylic, α‐amino acids, or 1,2,3‐triazoles as anchoring groups.
Commentary: Challenging Views and Creative Insights from a Social Cultural Perspective
Authors: Hui Anna N. N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis commentary focuses on the challenging views and creative insights inspired by the four articles in this special issue of the journal. The studies have integrated creativity research with social psychological and cultural perspectives. I have highlighted the unique contribution of how Karwowski, Tanggaard, Glăveanu, and Hennessey have each advanced theory formation with empirical evidence indicating strong convergent and concurrent validity.
Commentary: Toward Convergence in Creativity Inquiry
Authors: Tan Ai‐Girl , Wong Meng‐Ee 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThis commentary is about reflection in the new language of creativity and the meanings of inquiry into creative life. The authors of the commentary adopt the cultural paradigm of psychology of creativity. They praise effortful creativity of the authors who submitted the articles to this special issue. Their studies employed diverse methods of inquiry into how creativity unfolds in flourishing environments. The authors of this commentary share their experiences in nurturing creativity in the context of educating people with special needs. They conclude preliminary that inclusive education shall focus on resolving incongruence in cultural development and on accepting different creativity developmental styles.
Graphene Oxide–Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate Nanocomposite Hydrogels
Authors: Mangadlao Joey Dacula , Huang Rongzhi , Foster Edward Lee , Pangilinan Katrina D. , Danda Chaitanya , Advincula Abigail , Maia João M. , Advincula Rigoberto C. 
Published: November 2015

In this paper, covalently linked graphene oxide–poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate–reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (GO–PEGMEMA–RAFT) and physically mixed GO–PEGMEMA hydrogel nanocomposites are synthesized. Spectroscopic and imaging techniques such as UV–vis, Fourier transform infrared, Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy show that the PEGMEMA is successfully grafted on GO sheets. The rheology of the nanocomposites is studied by small angle oscillatory shear, which shows a competition between reinforcement and lubrication behavior of GO. In the case where lubrication effect dominates reinforcement, the covalently linked GO–PEGMEMA–RAFT has higher G′ compared to the physically mixed GO‐PEGMEMA. Hence, in the covalently linked system, the grafted polymer chains appear to minimize the lubrication effect.
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Increased collagen cross‐linking is a signature of dystrophin‐deficient muscle
Authors: Smith Lucas R. , Hammers David W. , Sweeney H. Lee , Barton Elisabeth R. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroductionCollagen cross‐linking is a key parameter in extracellular matrix (ECM) maturation, turnover, and stiffness. We examined aspects of collagen cross‐linking in dystrophin‐deficient murine, canine, and human skeletal muscle.MethodsDMD patient biopsies and samples from mdx mice and golden retriever muscular dystrophy dog samples (with appropriate controls) were analyzed. Collagen cross‐linking was evaluated using solubility and hydroxyproline assays. Expression of the cross‐linking enzyme lysyl oxidase (LOX) was determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence.ResultsLOX protein levels are increased in dystrophic muscle from all species evaluated. Dystrophic mice and dogs had significantly higher cross‐linked collagen than controls, especially in the diaphragm. Distribution of intramuscular LOX was heterogeneous in all samples, but it increased in frequency and intensity in dystrophic muscle.ConclusionThese findings implicate elevated collagen cross‐linking as an important component of the disrupted ECM in dystrophic muscles, and heightened cross‐linking is evident in mouse, dog, and man. Muscle Nerve 54: 71–78, 2016
CCR9 AND CCR7 are overexpressed in CD4–CD8– thymocytes of myasthenia gravis patients
Authors: Li Qianru , Liu Pingping , Xuan Xiaoyan , Zhang Junfeng , Zhang Yun , Zhu Zhengkun , Gao Feng , Zhang Qingyong , Du Ying 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Chemokine CC motif receptors 9 and 7 (CCR9 and CCR7) play a major role in the migration of T‐cell precursors to the thymus to initiate T thymopoiesis. However, their role in development of T‐cells in myasthenia gravis (MG) patients has not been fully elucidated. Methods: Expression and distribution of CCR9+ and CCR7+ cells were detected by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to check the adhesion molecules on CD4–CD8– double‐negative (DN) thymocytes. Results: CCR9 and CCR7 expression by DN thymocytes increased in the MG thymus; the levels of CCR9, CCR7, interleukin‐7R mRNA increased, and CXCR4 levels decreased compared with levels in the non‐MG thymus. More CCR7 and CCR9 double‐positive (DP) thymocytes were gathered near the subcapsular region in MG thymus. Conclusions: Enhanced expression of CCR9 and CCR7 may complicate the differentiation of DP thymocytes from the DN stage in MG thymus. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 55: 84–90, 2017
Efficacy of a Juncus effusus extract on grapevine and apple plants against Plasmopara viticola and Venturia inaequalis, and identification of the major active constituent
Authors: Thuerig Barbara , Ramseyer Justine , Hamburger Matthias , Oberhänsli Thomas , Potterat Olivier , Schärer Hans‐Jakob , Tamm Lucius 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere is growing demand to replace chemical pesticides with alternatives owing to concerns related to impacts on human health and the environment. Plant‐derived plant protection products could provide sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to chemical products. The aim of this study was to identify plant and fungal extracts with so far unknown activity against important plant pathogens by in vitro screening of a library of more than 3000 extracts.RESULTSSeveral plant extracts with promising in vitro fungicidal activity (MIC100 ≤ 50 µg mL−1) towards one or several of the investigated pathogens (Venturia ineaqualis, Phytophthora infestans, Plasmopara viticola) were identified by the screening. One of the hits, an ethyl acetate extract of Juncus effusus L. medulla, was further investigated, and dehydroeffusol (DHEF) was identified as its main active constituent. On susceptible grapevine and apple seedlings, efficacies of up to 100% were reached with the extract (EC50 123 or 156 µg mL−1) and with DHEF (EC50 18 or 21 µg mL−1) against P. viticola and V. inaequalis respectively.CONCLUSIONSOur results demonstrate that plants can provide promising alternatives for integrated and organic farming. J. effusus shows high efficacy at low concentrations and, as an abundant perennial species, is an interesting candidate for the development of a novel plant protection product. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Successful treatment of cytomegalovirus associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis with the interleukin 1 inhibitor – anakinra
Authors: Divithotawela Chandima , Garrett Peter , Westall Glen , Bhaskar Balu , Tol Maneesha , Chambers Daniel C. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractHemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, frequently under‐recognized condition associated with multi‐organ failure and very high mortality. A 44‐year‐old woman was admitted with a 4‐day history of fever, headache, delirium, and dyspnea. She progressed rapidly to type 1 respiratory failure and required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Laboratory tests showed pancytopenia, abnormal liver enzyme levels, elevated triglyceride level, and elevated ferritin level. Bone marrow biopsy showed features of HLH. Computed tomography scan showed bilateral consolidation. Bronchoalveolar lavage was positive for cytomegalovirus. She was treated with ganciclovir, methylprednisolone, broad spectrum antibiotics, and cytomegalovirus hyperimmunoglobulin without clinical response. Given the poor prognosis and reports of success in pediatric HLH, anakinra 100 µg subcutaneously daily was commenced. There was rapid defervescence, resolution of delirium, and improvement in gas exchange, leading to complete recovery. This case illustrates successful treatment of HLH associated with cytomegalovirus pneumonitis with the interleukin 1 inhibitor anakinra.
Ionospheric Measurements by Means of the Early Bird Geostationary Satellite
Authors: Checcacci P. F. 
Published: November 2015

The VHF emission of the Early Bird geostationary satellite during the period June 23 to July 9, 1965, has been used for ionospheric measurements at Florence, Italy (43°48' N, 11°13' E). Electron content daily variation curves obtained from Faraday rotation measurements show a maximum‐to‐	minimum ratio of about 5. The equivalent slab thickness ranges from 140 to 310 km. The scintillation occurrence shows maxima at night and at noon.
Gradient Instabilities as Possible Causes of Irregularities in the Ionosphere
Authors: Liu C. H. , Yeh K. C. 
Published: November 2015

In this investigation a theory is proposed to explain the production of certain irregularities in the ionosphere. It is found that the region of the ionosphere below the peak of the electron distribution may become unstable because of the joint effect of the gravitational field and the positive electron density gradient there. The unstable modes are found to correspond to quasi‐transverse modes. For the case when only plasma is considered, the condition for instability to occur is gρ′p/v‐P > ξ, where g is the gravitational acceleration, ρp the plasma density, ρ′p its height gradient, v the ion‐neutral collisional frequency, and ξ the effective attachment coefficient. When the coupling between plasma and neutral particles is taken into account, an additional instability condition may occur when the neutral particle distribution has a positive density gradient.This quasi‐transverse unstable mode is proposed as a possible causative mechanism for the formation of irregularities in the ionosphere. When either one of the instability criteria is satisfied, spontaneous generation of irregularities is possible. Some experimental evidence is presented and discussed.
Application of Conformal Mapping to Earth‐Flattening Procedures in Radio Propagation Problems
Authors: Richter Juergen H. 
Published: November 2015

The propagation of electromagnetic waves around a cylinder is rigorously treated by the application of conformal mapping. The cylinder is surrounded by a nonmagnetic isotropic medium whose dielectric constant is a function of the radius. It is transformed into a Cartesian system filled with a fictitious medium whose dielectric constant and magnetic permeability are functions of height. The wave equations for a TM and a TE wave are given.Wave propagation around a cylinder represents an approximation to wave propagation around a sphere (e.g., the earth) when the influence of the curvature of the sphere perpendicular to the direction of propagation can be neglected. It is shown that the conformal mapping applied to the cylinder yields an earth‐flattening technique which agrees with first‐order approximations obtained in spherical coordinates.Pryce treats wave propagation around the earth in spherical coordinates using a range transformation suggested by Pekeris and a height transformation suggested by Copson. It will be shown in this paper that both independently proposed transformations follow directly from the application of conformal mapping.