bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human TRPA1 is a heat sensor displaying intrinsic U-shaped thermosensitivity
Authors: Moparthi Lavanya , Kichko Tatjana I. , Eberhardt Mirjam , Högestätt Edward D. , Kjellbom Per , Johanson Urban , Reeh Peter W. , Leffler Andreas , Filipovic Milos R. , Zygmunt Peter M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThermosensitive Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels are believed to respond to either cold or heat. In the case of TRP subtype A1 (TRPA1), there seems to be a species-dependent divergence in temperature sensation as non-mammalian TRPA1 is heat-sensitive whereas mammalian TRPA1 is sensitive to cold. It has been speculated but never experimentally proven that TRPA1 and other temperature-sensitive ion channels have the inherent capability of responding to both cold and heat. Here we show that redox modification and ligands affect human TRPA1 (hTRPA1) cold and heat sensing properties in lipid bilayer and whole-cell patch-clamp recordings as well as heat-evoked TRPA1-dependent calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from mouse trachea. Studies of purified hTRPA1 intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence, in the absence of lipid bilayer, consolidate hTRPA1 as an intrinsic bidirectional thermosensor that is modified by the redox state and ligands. Thus, the heat sensing property of TRPA1 is conserved in mammalians, in which TRPA1 may contribute to sensing warmth and uncomfortable heat in addition to noxious cold.
Mucosal fluid evaporation is not the method of heat dissipation from fourth-degree laryngopharyngeal burns
Authors: Wan Jiang-bo , Zhang Guo-an , Qiu Yu-xuan , Wen Chun-quan , Fu Tai-ran 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis study was designed to explore whether mucosal fluid evaporation represents a method of heat dissipation from thermal air inhalation injury and to assess laryngopharyngeal tissue damage according to heat quantity changes of dry air and vapour. Fifteen adult male beagles were divided into five groups to inhale heated air or vapour for 10 min as follows: control group (ordinary air), group I (91–110 °C heated air), group II (148–175 °C heated air), group III (209–227 °C heated air), and group IV (96 °C saturated vapour). The heat quantity changes of the dry air and vapour were calculated via thermodynamic formulas. The macroscopic and histological features of the laryngopharynxes were examined and assessed by various tissue damage grading systems. Group IV exhibited the most serious laryngopharyngeal damage, including cilia exfoliation, submucosal thrombosis, glandular atrophy, and chondrocyte degeneration, which is indicative of fourth-degree injury. The quality, heat quantity, and proportional reduction of heat quantity of vapour in group IV were all higher than those in the other groups. Furthermore, we found that mucosal fluid evaporation is not the method of heat dissipation from thermal air inhalation injury used by the airways. Laryngopharyngeal tissue damage depends chiefly on the heat quantity of vapour in the air.
CXCL10-Mediates Macrophage, but not Other Innate Immune Cells-Associated Inflammation in Murine Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
Authors: Tomita Kyoko , Freeman Brittany L. , Bronk Steven F. , LeBrasseur Nathan K. , White Thomas A. , Hirsova Petra , Ibrahim Samar H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is an inflammatory lipotoxic disorder, but how inflammatory cells are recruited and activated within the liver is still unclear. We previously reported that lipotoxic hepatocytes release CXCL10-enriched extracellular vesicles, which are potently chemotactic for cells of the innate immune system. In the present study, we sought to determine the innate immune cell involved in the inflammatory response in murine NASH and the extent to which inhibition of the chemotactic ligand CXCL10 and its cognate receptor CXCR3 could attenuate liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis. C57BL/6J CXCL10−/−, CXCR3−/− and wild type (WT) mice were fed chow or high saturated fat, fructose, and cholesterol (FFC) diet. FFC-fed CXCL10−/− and WT mice displayed similar weight gain, metabolic profile, insulin resistance, and hepatic steatosis. In contrast, compared to the WT mice, FFC-fed CXCL10−/− mice had significantly attenuated liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis. Genetic deletion of CXCL10 reduced FFC-induced proinflammatory hepatic macrophage infiltration, while natural killer cells, natural killer T cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells hepatic infiltration were not significantly affected. Our results suggest that CXCL10−/− mice are protected against diet-induced NASH, in an obesity-independent manner. Macrophage-associated inflammation appears to be the key player in the CXCL10-mediated sterile inflammatory response in murine NASH.
Herpes simplex virus 1 induces egress channels through marginalized host chromatin
Authors: Myllys Markko , Ruokolainen Visa , Aho Vesa , Smith Elizabeth A. , Hakanen Satu , Peri Piritta , Salvetti Anna , Timonen Jussi , Hukkanen Veijo , Larabell Carolyn A. , Vihinen-Ranta Maija 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLytic infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) induces profound modification of the cell nucleus including formation of a viral replication compartment and chromatin marginalization into the nuclear periphery. We used three-dimensional soft X-ray tomography, combined with cryogenic fluorescence, confocal and electron microscopy, to analyse the transformation of peripheral chromatin during HSV-1 infection. Our data showed an increased presence of low-density gaps in the marginalized chromatin at late infection. Advanced data analysis indicated the formation of virus-nucleocapsid-sized (or wider) channels extending through the compacted chromatin of the host. Importantly, confocal and electron microscopy analysis showed that these gaps frequently contained viral nucleocapsids. These results demonstrated that HSV-1 infection induces the formation of channels penetrating the compacted layer of cellular chromatin and allowing for the passage of progeny viruses to the nuclear envelope, their site of nuclear egress.
Differential induction of muscle atrophy pathways in two mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Deguise Marc-Olivier , Boyer Justin G. , McFall Emily R. , Yazdani Armin , De Repentigny Yves , Kothary Rashmi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMotor neuron loss and neurogenic atrophy are hallmarks of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), a leading genetic cause of infant deaths. Previous studies have focused on deciphering disease pathogenesis in motor neurons. However, a systematic evaluation of atrophy pathways in muscles is lacking. Here, we show that these pathways are differentially activated depending on severity of disease in two different SMA model mice. Although proteasomal degradation is induced in skeletal muscle of both models, autophagosomal degradation is present only in Smn2B/− mice but not in the more severe Smn−/−; SMN2 mice. Expression of FoxO transcription factors, which regulate both proteasomal and autophagosomal degradation, is elevated in Smn2B/− muscle. Remarkably, administration of trichostatin A reversed all molecular changes associated with atrophy. Cardiac muscle also exhibits differential induction of atrophy between Smn2B/− and Smn−/−; SMN2 mice, albeit in the opposite direction to that of skeletal muscle. Altogether, our work highlights the importance of cautious analysis of different mouse models of SMA as distinct patterns of atrophy induction are at play depending on disease severity. We also revealed that one of the beneficial impacts of trichostatin A on SMA model mice is via attenuation of muscle atrophy through reduction of FoxO expression to normal levels.
Improved Separability Criteria Based on Bloch Representation of Density Matrices
Authors: Shen Shu-Qian , Yu Juan , Li Ming , Fei Shao-Ming 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe correlation matrices or tensors in the Bloch representation of density matrices are encoded with entanglement properties. In this paper, based on the Bloch representation of density matrices, we give some new separability criteria for bipartite and multipartite quantum states. Theoretical analysis and some examples show that the proposed criteria can be more efficient than the previous related criteria.
Prolonged Culture of Aligned Skeletal Myotubes on Micromolded Gelatin Hydrogels
Authors: Bettadapur Archana , Suh Gio C. , Geisse Nicholas A. , Wang Evelyn R. , Hua Clara , Huber Holly A. , Viscio Alyssa A. , Kim Joon Young , Strickland Julie B. , McCain Megan L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn vitro models of skeletal muscle are critically needed to elucidate disease mechanisms, identify therapeutic targets and test drugs pre-clinically. However, culturing skeletal muscle has been challenging due to myotube delamination from synthetic culture substrates approximately one week after initiating differentiation from myoblasts. In this study, we successfully maintained aligned skeletal myotubes differentiated from C2C12 mouse skeletal myoblasts for three weeks by utilizing micromolded (μmolded) gelatin hydrogels as culture substrates, which we thoroughly characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Compared to polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microcontact printed (μprinted) with fibronectin (FN), cell adhesion on gelatin hydrogel constructs was significantly higher one week and three weeks after initiating differentiation. Delamination from FN-μprinted PDMS precluded robust detection of myotubes. Compared to a softer blend of PDMS μprinted with FN, myogenic index, myotube width and myotube length on μmolded gelatin hydrogels was similar one week after initiating differentiation. However, three weeks after initiating differentiation, these parameters were significantly higher on μmolded gelatin hydrogels compared to FN-μprinted soft PDMS constructs. Similar results were observed on isotropic versions of each substrate, suggesting that these findings are independent of substrate patterning. Our platform enables novel studies into skeletal muscle development and disease and chronic drug testing in vitro.
Label Distribution in Tissues of Wheat Seedlings Cultivated with Tritium-Labeled Leonardite Humic Acid
Authors: Kulikova Natalia A. , Abroskin Dmitry P. , Badun Gennady A. , Chernysheva Maria G. , Korobkov Viktor I. , Beer Anton S. , Tsvetkova Eugenia A. , Senik Svetlana V. , Klein Olga I. , Perminova Irina V. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHumic substances (HS) play important roles in the biotic-abiotic interactions of the root plant and soil contributing to plant adaptation to external environments. However, their mode of action on plants remains largely unknown. In this study the HS distribution in tissues of wheat seedlings was examined using tritium-labeled humic acid (HA) derived from leonardite (a variety of lignites) and microautoradiography (MAR). Preferential accumulation of labeled products from tritiated HA was found in the roots as compared to the shoots and endodermis was shown to be the major control point for radial transport of label into vascular system of plant. Tritium was also found in the stele and xylem tissues indicating that labeled products from tritiated HA could be transported to shoot tissues via the transpiration stream. Treatment with HA lead to an increase in the content of polar lipids of photosynthetic membranes. The observed accumulation of labeled HA products in root endodermis and positive impact on lipid synthesis are consistent with prior reported observations on physiological effects of HS on plants such as enhanced growth and development of lateral roots and improvement/repairs of the photosynthetic status of plants under stress conditions.
Allometric biomass partitioning under nitrogen enrichment: Evidence from manipulative experiments around the world
Authors: Peng Yunfeng , Yang Yuanhe 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAllometric and optimal hypotheses have been widely used to explain biomass partitioning in response to resource changes for individual plants; however, little evidence has been reported from measurements at the community level across a broad geographic scale. This study assessed the nitrogen (N) effect on community-level root to shoot (R/S) ratios and biomass partitioning functions by synthesizing global manipulative experiments. Results showed that, in aggregate, N addition decreased the R/S ratios in various biomes. However, the scaling slopes of the allometric equations were not significantly altered by the N enrichment, possibly indicating that N-induced reduction of the R/S ratio is a consequence of allometric allocation as a function of increasing plant size rather than an optimal partitioning model. To further illustrate this point, we developed power function models to explore the relationships between aboveground and belowground biomass for various biomes; then, we generated the predicted root biomass from the observed shoot biomass and predicted R/S ratios. The comparison of predicted and observed N-induced changes of the R/S ratio revealed no significant differences between each other, supporting the allometric allocation hypothesis. These results suggest that allometry, rather than optimal allocation, explains the N-induced reduction in the R/S ratio across global biomes.
High- and Reproducible-Performance Graphene/II-VI Semiconductor Film Hybrid Photodetectors
Authors: Huang Fan , Jia Feixiang , Cai Caoyuan , Xu Zhihao , Wu Congjun , Ma Yang , Fei Guangtao , Wang Min 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHigh- and reproducible-performance photodetectors are critical to the development of many technologies, which mainly include one-dimensional (1D) nanostructure based and film based photodetectors. The former suffer from a huge performance variation because the performance is quite sensitive to the synthesis microenvironment of 1D nanostructure. Herein, we show that the graphene/semiconductor film hybrid photodetectors not only possess a high performance but also have a reproducible performance. As a demo, the as-produced graphene/ZnS film hybrid photodetector shows a high responsivity of 1.7 × 107 A/W and a fast response speed of 50 ms and shows a highly reproducible performance, in terms of narrow distribution of photocurrent (38–65 μA) and response speed (40–60 ms) for 20 devices. Graphene/ZnSe film and graphene/CdSe film hybrid photodetectors fabricated by this method also show a high and reproducible performance. The general method is compatible with the conventional planar process and would be easily standardized and thus pay a way for the photodetector applications.
Behavioral and neurophysiological evidence for increased cognitive flexibility in late childhood
Authors: Wolff Nicole , Roessner Veit , Beste Christian 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExecutive functions, like the capacity to control and organize thoughts and behavior, develop from childhood to young adulthood. Although task switching and working memory processes are known to undergo strong developmental changes from childhood to adulthood, it is currently unknown how task switching processes are modulated between childhood and adulthood given that working memory processes are central to task switching. The aim of the current study is therefore to examine this question using a combined cue- and memory-based task switching paradigm in children (N = 25) and young adults (N = 25) in combination with neurophysiological (EEG) methods. We obtained an unexpected paradoxical effect suggesting that memory-based task switching is better in late childhood than in young adulthood. No group differences were observed in cue-based task switching. The neurophysiological data suggest that this effect is not due to altered attentional selection (P1, N1) or processes related to the updating, organization and implementation of the new task-set (P3). Instead, alterations were found in the resolution of task-set conflict and the selection of an appropriate response (N2) when a task has to be switched. Our observation contrasts findings showing that cognitive control mechanisms reach their optimal functioning in early adulthood.
Association of single nucleotide polymorphism rs3803662 with the risk of breast cancer
Authors: Yang Yuan , Wang Wenjing , Liu Guiyou , Yu Yingcui , Liao Mingzhi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLarge scale association studies have identified the single nucleotide polymorphism rs3803662 associated with breast cancer risk. However, the sample size of most studies is too small. Here, we performed this meta-analysis to make the result more convincing. Relevant articles published up to 2016 were identified by searching the PubMed database. 13 studies, involving a total of 29405 participants, were included in the meta-analysis. Odds Ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated with random or fixed effects model. All data analyses were analyzed by Review Manger 5.3 software. In Caucasian subgroup: Dominant model (TT + CT vs CC): OR = 1.17 (1.06, 1.29), Recessive model (TT vs CT + CC): OR = 1.25 (1.13, 1.39) and Allele frequency (T vs C): OR = 1.15 (1.08, 1.22). The present meta-analysis suggests that rs3803662 polymorphism is significantly associated with breast cancer risk in Caucasian women and we did not find the association in Asian women.
Ti-O-O coordination bond caused visible light photocatalytic property of layered titanium oxide
Authors: Kong Xingang , Zeng Chaobin , Wang Xing , Huang Jianfeng , Li Cuiyan , Fei Jie , Li Jiayin , Feng Qi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe layered titanium oxide is a useful and unique precursor for the facile and rapid preparation of the peroxide layered titanium oxide H1.07Ti1.73O4·nH2O (HTO) crystal with enhanced visible light photoactivity. The H2O2 molecules as peroxide chemicals rapidly enter into the interlayers of HTO crystal, and coordinate with Ti within TiO6 octahedron to form a mass of Ti-O-O coordination bond in the interlayers. The introduction of these Ti-O-O coordination bonds result in lowering the band gap of HTO, and promoting the separation efficiency of the photo induced electron–hole pairs. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic investigation indicates that such peroxide HTO crystal has the enhanced photocatalytic performance for RhB degradation and water splitting to generate oxygen under visible light irradiating.
Relationship between Functional and Structural Changes in Diabetic Vessels in Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography
Authors: Miwa Yuko , Murakami Tomoaki , Suzuma Kiyoshi , Uji Akihito , Yoshitake Shin , Fujimoto Masahiro , Yoshitake Tatsuya , Tamura Yukino , Yoshimura Nagahisa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe decorrelation signals in optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) are derived from the flow of erythrocytes and concomitantly delineate the retinal vasculature. We compared the structural and functional characteristics of vascular lesions visualized in fluorescein angiography (FA), OCTA and en-face OCT images in 53 eyes (28 patients) with diabetic retinopathy (DR). The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) areas in OCTA images in the superficial layer almost corresponded to those in FA images. The FAZ areas in the en-face OCT images in the superficial layer were smaller than those in the FA images and correlated with each other, which agreed with the finding that en-face OCT images often delineated the vascular structure in the nonperfused areas in FA images. Microaneurysms appeared as fusiform, saccular, or coiled capillaries in OCTA images and ringed, round, or oval hyperreflective lesions in en-face OCT images. OCTA and en-face OCT images detected 41.0 ± 16.1% and 40.1 ± 18.6%, respectively, of microaneurysms in FA images, although both depicted only 13.9 ± 16.4%. The number of microaneurysms in FA images was correlated with that in OCTA and en-face OCT images. Comparisons of these modalities showed the associations and dissociations between blood flow and vascular structures, which improves the understanding of the pathogenesis of DR.
The influence of lithium on hippocampal volume in elderly bipolar patients: a study using voxel-based morphometry
Authors: Zung S , Souza-Duran F L , Soeiro-de-Souza M G , Uchida R , Bottino C M , Busatto G F , Vallada H 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent studies have demonstrated that lithium (Li) exerts neuronal protective and regenerative effects both in vitro and in vivo. However, the effects of long-term Li treatment in the brain areas associated with memory impairment of elderly bipolar patients are still unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the hippocampal volumes of elderly bipolar patients using Li, elderly bipolar patients not using Li and healthy controls. Sociodemographic, clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data from 30 elderly euthymic bipolar patients who had been using Li for an average of >61 months; 27 elderly euthymic bipolar patients not taking Li for an average of 45 months; and 22 elderly healthy controls were analyzed. Volumetric differences in the hippocampus between groups were investigated with voxel-based morphometry (VBM) based on the Statistical Parametric Mapping technique. No statistical differences in sociodemographic and clinical characteristics and course of bipolar disorder between the two bipolar groups were observed. Using small volume correction in the VBM analysis (analysis of variance (ANOVA)), one voxel cluster of statistical significance was detected in the left hippocampus (P<0.05 corrected for multiple comparisons, extent threshold >10 voxels). Post hoc unpaired t-tests revealed increased left hippocampal volume in the Li-treated group compared with the non-Li-treated group, and decreased left hippocampal volume in the non-Li group relative to controls. Additional exploratory two-group comparisons indicated trends toward reduced right-hippocampal volumes in the non-Li-treated group relative to both the Li-treated group and controls. The findings suggested that the use of Li may influence the volume of the hippocampus, possibly due to its neuroprotective effects.
CRLH‐SIW‐based leaky wave antenna with low cross‐polarisation for Ku‐band applications
Authors: Zhang Huan , Jiao Yong‐Chang , Zhao Gang , Zhang Chi 
Published: June 2016

A novel composite right/left‐handed substrate integrated waveguide (SIW)‐based leaky wave antenna (LWA) is proposed. Square‐ring‐slot radiators are adopted to introduce series capacitor as well as the energy leakage, and four grounded vias within the slot ring contribute to part of the shunt inductor. Moreover, low cross‐polarisation levels in the beam scanning plane are achieved due to the differential excitations of the radiators located along the centre line of the SIW working at TE10 mode. The antenna is fabricated and measured. Both simulated and measured results show that the proposed antenna is a balanced LWA operating in the frequency band 13.5–17.8 GHz. Continuous beam scanning characteristic is acquired within the scanning region −57° to +30°. In addition, low cross‐polarisation levels less than −27 dB are obtained, and measured results are in good agreement with simulated ones.