bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Síndrome confusional aguda pós-neurocirurgia: etiologia, diagnóstico e tratamento
Authors: Matos Queiroz João Welberthon , Figueiredo Eberval Gadelha , Seyfert Carlos Eduardo , Teixeira Manoel Jacobsen 
Published: January 2018

ResumoA síndrome confusional aguda (SCA) ou delirium é uma complicação comum em pacientes submetidos à cirurgia, em especial as cardíacas e neurológicas, sendo uma alteração cognitiva. Se não abordada imediata e corretamente, pode provocar sequelas irreversíveis. É uma situação clínica ainda pouco estudada quando tratada conjuntamente com a neurocirurgia, necessitando de estudos prospectivos mais adequados. Esta revisão tem como propósito elucidar questões referentes a uma complicação neurocirúrgica subdiagnosticada, que em muitos casos não recebem o tratamento mais indicado pela literatura. Além de abordar a etiologia, o diagnóstico e o tratamento dessa complicação, o presente trabalho enaltece a necessidade de mais estudos acerca da SCA e suas derivações, tendo, assim, o propósito de promover a melhor abordagem pós-operatória de uma das complicações mais complexas da neurocirurgia.
Hematoma iatrogênico simulando lesão tumoral intradural lombar
Authors: Monteiro Alves José Luís , Cristovão Duarte José Nubélio , Bento Soares José Gustavo , Tavares Rocha Armando Manuel 
Published: January 2018

ResumoEm um quadro clínico de lombociatalgia, o diagnóstico diferencial engloba uma variedade de possíveis etiologias. Descreve-se um caso de um doente do sexo feminino, com história de lombociatalgia incapacitante relacionada com hematoma intradural, consequência de punção lombar e drenado após laminectomia lombar. São revistas as várias séries descritas na literatura, assim como são discutidos os diferentes fatores de risco, quadros clínicos e estratégias de prevenção e tratamento.
Escalas para avaliação do nível de consciência em trauma cranioencefálico e sua relevância para a prática de enfermagem em neurocirurgia
Authors: Oliveira Débora Moura da Paixão , Pereira Carlos Umberto , Freitas Záira Moura da Paixão 
Published: January 2018

ResumoA eficácia da equipe da emergência reduziu a taxa de morbimortalidade de pacientes com traumatismo cranioencefálico, todavia estabelecer intervenções padronizadas exige conhecimento e preparo específico. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura sobre escalas para avaliação do nível de consciência em pacientes com trauma cranioencefálico, chamando a atenção para a sua importância na prática de enfermagem em neurocirurgia. Foi realizada busca de artigos científicos nas bases dados Elservier, Lilacs, PubMed Medline, SciELO, ScienceDirect e Scirus, com as palavras-chave “escalas de coma” e “traumatismos craniocerebrais”, além de ser feita pesquisa adicional em bancos de dados de dissertações, teses e livros texto. A literatura consultada revela que, apesar de vários estudos destacarem a importância do tema, a avaliação neurológica com a utilização de outras escalas não é prática rotineira nas unidades de trauma.
Minimally invasive carpal tunnel surgery in leprosy
Authors: Pondé José Marcos , Ramos Clarissa , Santos Lazaro , Magalhaes João Pedro , Cavalcanti Ana Flavia 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Objective: Evaluate carpal tunnel release in leprosy. Methods: The authors operated upon 60 patients with median nerve involvement by leprosy between February 2008 and February 2012. The outpatients were under local anesthesia submitted to carpal tunnel release. Results: All the patients showed post-operative improvement in pain and sensation. Conclusion: The surgical approach is a cost effectiveness procedure adequate to developing countries.
O custo da neurocirurgia no Sistema Único de Saúde no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto
Authors: Sampaio Gustavo Botelho , Freitas de Moraes Dionei , Meguins Lucas Crociati , Rocha da Cruz Adry Rodrigo Antônio , Campos Sampaio Pabula Verusca 
Published: January 2018

Resumo
Objetivo: Estudar a gestão financeira da neurocirurgia no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) brasileiro no Hospital de Base de São José do Rio Preto. Métodos: Foram avaliados 246 AIH (Autorizações de Internações Hospitalares) dos pacientes internados no Hospital de base no período de dezembro de 2012 a junho de 2013, sendo catalogados o gasto total do paciente durante a internação, idade, dias de internação, local de origem, nome completo e registro hospitalar, e comparados os valores com os valores pagos pelo SUS de acordo com a legislação em atividade. Resultados: O total de gasto do hospital nas cirurgias eletivas foi de R$ 718.036,70, e o valor pago pelo SUS foi de R$ 321.607,45, evidenciando um déficit de R$ 395.329,17. Em contrapartida, o gasto pelo hospital nas cirurgias de urgência foi de R$ 707.698,28 e o valor pago pelo SUS, de R$ 199.599,94, evidenciando um déficit de R$ 508.098,34. Conclusão: A tabela de distribuição financeira de acordo com os procedimentos do SUS encontra-se desatualizada, principalmente nas subespecialidades que utilizam materiais, por exemplo, a neurocirurgia vascular e de coluna. Além disso, o valor pago pelo SUS nas cirurgias de trauma encontra-se, sobremaneira, inferior ao valor gasto pela instituição, necessitando, assim, de revisão dos gastos e reestudo dos valores pagos pelos procedimentos.
Intramedullary non-dysraphic cervical spine lipoma – Case report
Authors: Ferreira da Cruz Halisson Yoshinari , Bastos Dhiego , Joaquim Andrei Fernandes , Ghizoni Enrico , Tedeschi Helder 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIntramedullary lipomas correspond to about 1% of the intramedullary tumors. These lesions are commonly associated with spinal dysraphisms and midline defects. Non-dysraphic lipomas are quite rare lesions, potentially located at any site of the spinal cord. Here we present the case history of an intramedullary non-dysraphic cervical spine lipoma.
Silibinin from Silybum marianum Stimulates Embryonic Stem Cell Vascular Differentiation via the STAT3/PI3-K/AKT Axis and Nitric Oxide
Authors: Ali Enas , Sharifpanah Fatemeh , Wartenberg Maria , Sauer Heinrich 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSilibinin, the bioactive compound of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), exerts tissue protective and regenerative effects that may include stem cell differentiation toward vascular cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether silibinin stimulates blood vessel formation from mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and to unravel the underlying signaling cascade. Vascular branching points were assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and computer-assisted image analysis of CD31-positive cell structures. Protein expression of vascular markers and activation of protein kinases were determined by western blot. Nitric oxide (NO) generation was investigated by use of the fluorescent dye 4-amino-5-methylamino-2′,7′-difluorofluorescein diacetate. Silibinin dose-dependently increased CD31-positive vascular branching points in embryoid bodies cultivated from ES cells. This was paralleled by increase of protein expression levels for the endothelial-specific markers vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Moreover, silibinin increased activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which boosted generation of NO in embryoid bodies and enhanced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) as well as phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and AKT. Vasculogenesis, VE-cadherin expression, STAT3 and AKT phosphorylation, NO generation, and eNOS phosphorylation were inhibited by the small molecule STAT3 inhibitor Stattic, AKT inhibitor VIII, the PI3-K inhibitor LY294002, or the NOS inhibitor Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride. In conclusion, our findings indicate that silibinin induces vasculogenesis of ES cells via activation of STAT3, PI3-K, and AKT, which regulate NO generation by eNOS.
Traces of old and new center-periphery dynamics in language-in-education policy and practice
Authors: Da Costa Cabral Ildegrada , Martin-Jones Marilyn 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThis article reveals how center-periphery relations have unfolded, over time, in language policy processes in one nation – Timor-Leste – on the global periphery. We take alongue duréeperspective on the language policy processes at work in this historical context, showing how different regimes of language were imposed, in the past, by colonisers from distant centers – in Portugal and then in Java, Indonesia. Then, turning to the post-independence period, we show how a new order of indexicality, forged within the Resistance to the Indonesian occupation, formed the basis for current language policy in Timor-Leste, with Portuguese and Tetum as co-official languages. We also demonstrate that this agentive policy move, from the global periphery, oriented Timor-Leste to new and more complex center-periphery relations, to a ‘lusophone’ world, with Portugal and Brazil as key players. Our account of contemporary policy discourses in Timor-Leste, and of the consequences for language policy implementation, on different scales (national and local), draws on recent research of an ethnographic and multi-scalar nature conducted in Timor-Leste (Da Costa Cabral, 2015).
On Sinitic influence on Macanese
Authors: Arcodia Giorgio Francesco 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMacanese, the near-extinct Portuguese creole of Macao, is an understudied contact language with strong Malayo-Portuguese features. It is also characterised by Sinitic influence, which however has sometimes been downplayed in the literature (seeAnsaldo and Matthews 2004). In this paper, I argue that a distinctive element of Macanesevis-à-visother Asian Portuguese Creoles is the stronger role of Sinitic in its “typological matrix” (Ansaldo 2004,2009). Sinitic influence on Macanese has already been invoked to account e.g. for reduplication (Ansaldo and Matthews 2004); however, little research on multi-verb constructions has been conducted so far. The main object of my study comprise constructions expressing indirect causation, and I focus on thechomá[call]-NP-VP pattern. I argue that, whereas in other Asian Portuguese Creoles the syntax of indirect causatives appears to be modelled mainly on Malay or on Indian substrate languages, for Macanese the model is clearly Sinitic.
Stabilization of mesophilic Allochromatium vinosum cytochrome c′ through specific mutations modeled by a thermophilic homologue
Authors: Yamane-Koshizawa Daisuke , Fujii Sotaro , Maruno Takahiro , Kobayashi Yuji , Yamanaka Masaru , Wakai Satoshi , Sambongi Yoshihiro 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
AVCP cytochrome c′ from mesophilic Allochromatium vinosum exhibits lower stability than a thermophilic counterpart, Hydrogenophilus thermoluteolus cytochrome c′ (PHCP), in which the six specific amino acid residues that are not conserved in AVCP are responsible for its stability. Here we measured the stability of AVCP variants carrying these specific residues instead of the original AVCP ones. Among the six single AVCP variants, all of which formed a dimeric structure similar to that of the wild-type, three were successfully stabilized compared with the wild-type, while one showed lower stability than the wild-type. In addition, the most stabilized and destabilized AVCP variants could bind CO, similar to the wild-type. These results indicated that mesophilic AVCP could be stabilized through specific three mutations modeled by the thermophilic counterpart, PHCP, without changing the CO binding ability.
A new application for the quantification of apoplastic redox radicals of plant roots using pre-fluorescent probe
Authors: Ito Yosuke , Yazawa Masamichi , Kikuchi Syunsuke , Abo Mitsuru 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
New application of fluorescence probe to detect apoplastic redox radicals from plant roots were sought. This probe can detect radicals selectively. Calibration curve for radicals was obtained using nitrogen monoxide as radical standard produced by NOC7. Apoplastic radicals released constitutively were quantified and the release rate was 60 μmol L−1 h−1. Oxidative burst triggered by chitin was distinguished from constitutive radical release.
Physiological responses to taste signals of functional food components
Authors: Narukawa Masataka 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The functions of food have three categories: nutrition, palatability, and bioregulation. As the onset of lifestyle-related diseases has increased, many people have shown interest in functional foods that are beneficial to bioregulation. We believe that functional foods should be highly palatable for increased acceptance from consumers. In order to design functional foods with a high palatability, we have investigated about the palatability, especially in relation to the taste of food. In this review, we discuss (1) the identification of taste receptors that respond to functional food components; (2) an analysis of the peripheral taste transduction system; and (3) the investigation of the relationship between physiological functions and taste signals.
NAD+/NADH homeostasis affects metabolic adaptation to hypoxia and secondary metabolite production in filamentous fungi*
Authors: Shimizu Motoyuki 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Filamentous fungi are used to produce fermented foods, organic acids, beneficial secondary metabolites and various enzymes. During such processes, these fungi balance cellular NAD+:NADH ratios to adapt to environmental redox stimuli. Cellular NAD(H) status in fungal cells is a trigger of changes in metabolic pathways including those of glycolysis, fermentation, and the production of organic acids, amino acids and secondary metabolites. Under hypoxic conditions, high NADH:NAD+ ratios lead to the inactivation of various dehydrogenases, and the metabolic flow involving NAD+ is down-regulated compared with normoxic conditions. This review provides an overview of the metabolic mechanisms of filamentous fungi under hypoxic conditions that alter the cellular NADH:NAD+ balance. We also discuss the relationship between the intracellular redox balance (NAD/NADH ratio) and the production of beneficial secondary metabolites that arise from repressing the HDAC activity of sirtuin A via Nudix hydrolase A (NdxA)-dependent NAD+ degradation.
Finding Nemo: hybrid assembly with Oxford Nanopore and Illumina reads greatly improves the clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) genome assembly
Authors: Tan Mun Hua , Austin Christopher M , Hammer Michael P , Lee Yin Peng , Croft Laurence J , Gan Han Ming 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Background
Some of the most widely recognized coral reef fishes are clownfish or anemonefish, members of the family Pomacentridae (subfamily: Amphiprioninae). They are popular aquarium species due to their bright colours, adaptability to captivity, and fascinating behavior. Their breeding biology (sequential hermaphrodites) and symbiotic mutualism with sea anemones have attracted much scientific interest. Moreover, there are some curious geographic-based phenotypes that warrant investigation. Leveraging on the advancement in Nanopore long read technology, we report the first hybrid assembly of the clown anemonefish (Amphiprion ocellaris) genome utilizing Illumina and Nanopore reads, further demonstrating the substantial impact of modest long read sequencing data sets on improving genome assembly statistics.

Results
We generated 43 Gb of short Illumina reads and 9 Gb of long Nanopore reads, representing approximate genome coverage of 54× and 11×, respectively, based on the range of estimated k-mer-predicted genome sizes of between 791 and 967 Mbp. The final assembled genome is contained in 6404 scaffolds with an accumulated length of 880 Mb (96.3% BUSCO-calculated genome completeness). Compared with the Illumina-only assembly, the hybrid approach generated 94% fewer scaffolds with an 18-fold increase in N50 length (401 kb) and increased the genome completeness by an additional 16%. A total of 27 240 high-quality protein-coding genes were predicted from the clown anemonefish, 26 211 (96%) of which were annotated functionally with information from either sequence homology or protein signature searches.

Conclusions
We present the first genome of any anemonefish and demonstrate the value of low coverage (~11×) long Nanopore read sequencing in improving both genome assembly contiguity and completeness. The near-complete assembly of the A. ocellaris genome will be an invaluable molecular resource for supporting a range of genetic, genomic, and phylogenetic studies specifically for clownfish and more generally for other related fish species of the family Pomacentridae.
Accurate effective temperatures of the metal-poor benchmark stars HD 140283, HD 122563, and HD 103095 from CHARA interferometry
Authors: Karovicova I , White T R , Nordlander T , Lind K , Casagrande L , Ireland M J , Huber D , Creevey O , Mourard D , Schaefer G H , Gilmore G , Chiavassa A , Wittkowski M , Jofré P , Heiter U , Thévenin F , Asplund M 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Large stellar surveys of the Milky Way require validation with reference to a set of ‘benchmark’ stars whose fundamental properties are well determined. For metal-poor benchmark stars, disagreement between spectroscopic and interferometric effective temperatures has called the reliability of the temperature scale into question. We present new interferometric measurements of three metal-poor benchmark stars, HD 140283, HD 122563, and HD 103095, from which we determine their effective temperatures. The angular sizes of all the stars were determined from observations with the PAVO beam combiner at visible wavelengths at the CHARA array, with additional observations of HD 103095 made with the VEGA instrument, also at the CHARA array. Together with photometrically derived bolometric fluxes, the angular diameters give a direct measurement of the effective temperature. For HD 140283, we find θLD = 0.324 ± 0.005 mas, Teff = 5787 ± 48 K; for HD 122563, θLD = 0.926 ± 0.011 mas, Teff = 4636 ± 37 K; and for HD 103095, θLD = 0.595 ± 0.007 mas, Teff = 5140 ± 49 K. Our temperatures for HD 140283 and HD 103095 are hotter than the previous interferometric measurements by 253 and 322 K, respectively. We find good agreement between our temperatures and recent spectroscopic and photometric estimates. We conclude some previous interferometric measurements have been affected by systematic uncertainties larger than their quoted errors.
Earthquake Risk Assessment
Authors: Wyss Max 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This article discusses the importance of assessing and estimating the risk of earthquakes. It begins with an overview of earthquake prediction and relevant terms, namely: earthquake hazard, maximum credible earthquake magnitude, exposure time, earthquake risk, and return time. It then considers data sources for estimating seismic hazard, including catalogs of historic earthquakes, measurements of crustal deformation, and world population data. It also examines ways of estimating seismic risk, such as the use of probabilistic estimates, deterministic estimates, and the concepts of characteristic earthquake, seismic gap, and maximum rupture length. A loss scenario for a possible future earthquake is presented, and the notion of imminent seismic risk is explained. Finally, the chapter addresses errors in seismic risk estimates and how to reduce seismic risk, ethical and moral aspects of seismic risk assessment, and the outlook concerning seismic risk assessment.
Urban Climate and Risk
Authors: Georgiadis Teodoro 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
This work reports on the main physical processes that arise in the environment of the megacity from the “urban metabolism”—the complex interactions of the climate with the activities performed in the city and its built structure and texture—as well as on associated large-scale processes that generate hazards for the megacity’s inhabitants. It is estimated that in a few decades most of the world’s population will live in urban centers. Both the growth of megacities and climate change will increase the vulnerability of huge sectors of the population to climatic consequences of the urban metabolism. These include urban heat islands, pollution, and extreme weather events such as heat waves and floods. Developing policies to mitigate these threats will require integrating scientific knowledge with management skills, communication among cities about effective approaches, and taking into account residents’ needs for health and the capacity to live safely.
Physical Mechanisms Responsible for Track Changes and Rainfall Distributions Associated with Tropical Cyclone Landfall
Authors: Chan Johnny C.L. 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
As a tropical cyclone approaches land, its interaction with the characteristics of the land (surface roughness, topography, moisture availability, etc.) will lead to changes in its track as well as the rainfall and wind distributions near its landfall location. Accurate predictions of such changes are important in issuing warnings and disaster preparedness. In this chapter, the basic physical mechanisms that cause changes in the track and rainfall distributions when a tropical cyclone is about to make landfall are presented. These mechanisms are derived based on studies from both observations and idealized simulations. While the latter are relatively simple, they can isolate the fundamental and underlying physical processes that are inherent when an interaction between the land and the tropical cyclone circulation takes place. These processes are important in assessing the performance of the forecast models, and hence could help improve the model predictions and subsequently disaster preparedness.
Assessing Volcanic Hazard
Authors: Martí Molist Joan 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Volcanoes represent complex geological systems capable of generating many dangerous phenomena. To evaluate and manage volcanic risk, we need first to assess volcanic hazard (i.e., identify past volcanic system behavior to infer future behavior. This requires acquisition of all relevant geological and geophysical information, such as stratigraphic studies, geological mapping, sedimentological studies, petrologic studies, and structural studies. All this information is then used to elaborate eruption scenarios and hazard maps. Stratigraphic studies represent the main tool for the reconstruction of past activity of volcanoes over time periods exceeding their historical record. This review presents a systematic approach to volcanic hazard assessment, paying special attention to reconstruction of past eruptive history. It reviews concepts and methods most commonly used in long- and short-term hazard assessment and analyzes how they help address the various serious consequences derived from the occurrence (and nonoccurrence in some crisis alerts) of volcanic eruptions and related phenomena.