bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clonal fertility variation and its effects on the effective population size in the seed orchard of dioecious species, Fraxinus rhynchophylla
Authors: Kang Kyu-Suk , Kim Chang-Soo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The numbers of female and male flowers were assessed in a clonal seed orchard of Fraxinus rhynchophylla for four consecutive years from 2004 through 2007. The female and male flowers of the grafts from 48 clones were counted individually over the crown. Fertility variation was calculated by sibling coefficient that is related to the coefficient of variation in parental flower assessment. Estimated maternal and paternal fertilities were not constant but varied from year to year, and they were also found to be weakly correlated. The effective numbers of clones serving as male and female parents were calculated from the sibling coefficients of maternity and paternity. We applied two theoretical approaches to estimate the clonal effective population sizes based on 1) fertility variation (i.e., effective number of parents, N(c)) and 2) gender balance (effective population size, Ne
e) among parental genotypes. The values of Ne
(c) were higher in the years with abundant flowering and seed production, while sibling coefficients were lower. On average (pooled), the maternal, paternal and clonal values of Ne
(c) were calculated to be 17.3, 21.0 and 38.1 respectively. The Ne
(c) for maternal gamete gene pool was ranged from 9.8 to 16.7. The values of Ne for paternal gamete gene pool were generally higher (ranged from 14.9 to 21.9) than those for maternal. When pooled, the Ne was 47.2 and the values of Ne were higher when the gender ratio was more balanced. An option of equal seed harvest might be good to mitigate fertility variation and to improve gene diversity of seeds.
Physiological and Protein Responses to Drought in Four Pine Seedlings
Authors: He C. Y. , Zhang J. G. , Duan A. G. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Physiological and protein responses to drought stress in four pine seedlings, Pinus armandi Franch. (Pa), Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. (Pt), Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl. (Pb) and Pinus sylvestris L. var. mongolica Litv. (Ps), were investigated using differential proteomics and water physiological indices. Firstly, the water physiological data showed that the decline rate of net photosynthesis rate, stomatal conductance, leaf water potential, turgor pressure except for under moderate drought stress was as follows: Pa>Ps>Pt>Pb. Pb and Pa always maintained the highest and lowest swelling pressure, respectively. Secondly, cluster analysis of 343 proteins indicated that the four pine species were classified into three groups with a genetic distance coefficient of 0.065. That is, five-needle-pine group (Pa), three-needle-pine group (Pb), two-needle-pine group (Pt and Ps), and the genetic distance between Pb and Pa was the farthest. The result was consistent with the declined rate in above physiological indices. Finally, for the differential proteomics analyzed, a total of 13 different proteins (P values < 0.01) changed significantly, the number of differentially expressed proteins was more in Pa (accounting for 46.2%) than the other three species, and 8 proteins were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time -of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). These proteins are quite diverse in their functions and involved in photosynthesis, osmotic regulation and functioning as signal transduction. These results suggested that the sensitivities of the four pine species to drought were possibly related to genetic distance.
Developing breeding and deployment options for Douglas-fir in New Zealand: breeding for future forest conditions
Authors: Dungey H. S. , Low C. B. , Lee J. , Miller M. A. , Fleet K. , Yanchuk A. D. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGenetic improvement of Douglas-fir in New Zealand was initiated in 1955 with large provenance trials established in the late 1950’s. These trials illustrated that material from the coast of Oregon and California grew faster than other provenances tested. Further collections were made to evaluate provenance and familylevel performance from these two areas, and in 1996 additional trials were established at four low-altitude sites across New Zealand. Genotype×environment (GxE) interaction among these sites was found to be important for diameter at breast height (DBH), less important for stem straightness and malformation and not important for outerwood acoustic velocity (a surrogate for wood stiffness). Heritabilities were low to moderate for all growth traits, and very low for malformation. Heritability for needle cast due to Swiss needle cast, measured as needle retention on the one site where infection was relatively high, was moderate at 0.37, and was likely a major factor creating GxE interactions for growth among sites. The heritability of wood acoustic velocity was moderate to high at individual sites (0.26-0.74) and across sites (0.49). Individual- trait selection revealed the potential for good genetic gains to be made when selecting the top 20 families for diameter growth (an average of 10.7%), straightness (an average of 11.5%) and acoustic velocity (an average of 7.0%). When we examined predicted genetic gains while selecting for needle retention and/or DBH, we found that selecting for needle cast at the affected site did not compromise DBH gains at that site. Selecting for genotypes with low needle cast at the affected site did, however, reduce gains for DBH estimated across all sites. In order to maximise gains across the current Douglas-fir growing estate, a division of growing sites between those known and predicted to be affected by needle cast and those not affected would seem appropriate. This is particularly relevant given recent climate modelling work suggests that Swiss needle cast will become more important in the South Island, and even more destructive in the North Island of New Zealand. We suggest addressing differences in site through the development of separate deployment populations.
Effect of Different Progeny Test Strategies in the Performance of Eucalypt Clones
Authors: Furtini I.V. , Ramalho M. A. P. , Abad J. I. M. , Aguiar A. M. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate whether the performance of an individual in clonal testing was affected by the location of the initial selection. The study also evaluated the effect of mass selection and BLUP (Best Linear Unbiased Prediction) on the performance of individuals in the progeny test and the clonal test. In the progeny test, 62 half-sib E. grandis families, 68 half-sib E. urophylla families and 62 full-sib families between E. grandis and E. urophylla, plus four checks were evaluated totaling 196 treatments. The experiments were carried out at three sites: Aracruz and São Mateus, in Espírito Santo State and Caravelas, Bahia State, Brazil. The 1000 best individuals were classified by mass selection and BLUP. In the clonal tests 257 clones were evaluated in two locations: Aracruz and Caravelas. In both the progeny test and the clonal test, two years after planting, the circumference at breast height and basic wood density were measured and the sum of standardized variables (Z) was estimated for simultaneous selection of both characteristics. The results indicated that the origin of the individual in a progeny test had a small effect on the performance of the clone when evaluated in other environments; the estimates of realized heritability and the linear regression coefficient were small in all the selection strategies. Thus, the correlation between the performance of trees selected in progeny tests and their respective clones in the clonal test was small.
Can Electrical Conductivity Predict Seed Germination of Three Pinus Species?
Authors: Takos I. , Varsamis G. , Merou T. , Alexiou C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The potential of using the electrical conductivity method to predict seed germination of Pinus pinea, P. halepensis and P. nigra was investigated. Seed lots with low germination presented high conductivity values while those with high germination presented lower conductivity values after 48 hours of incubation. Based on linear regression analysis models with outlier remove analysis, high regression coefficients were obtained suggesting that it is possible to predict germination of the specific species through a quick electrical conductivity test.
Karyotype traits in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania
Authors: Truta Elena , Vochita Gabriela , Oprea Adrian , Sirbu Culita 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The description of the karyotype features and idiogram in Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dunal (Asteraceae), an invasive plant in Romania, are reported here for the first time. The diploid chromosome number is 2n=2x=12, in agreement with the data published for the other species of the genus. The karyomorphological data show that the complements of the studied genotypes have small chromosomes (mean chromosome length is X̅±SE=2.56±0.10 μm, and mean length of haploid complements is X̅±SE=15.33±0.69 μm, with a range of variability comprised between 12.87-17.51 μm). The karyotypes are made up of six pairs of metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes, with an identical formula of the diploid complement: KF=2n=12=8m+ 2sm + 2sm-SAT. Satellites are located on the short arms of the chromosomes of pair III. The karyotypes show a relatively high level of intra-specific uniformity as well as similar symmetry patterns (R=1.29-1.53; TF%=38.78-41.57%; AsI%=54.54-57.61%; A1 = 0.24- 0.32; A2=0.08-0.16), belonging to 1A and 2A classes of symmetry. The small size of the chromosomes, the presence of only two chromosome morphometric types, and the preponderance of metacentrics confer a relatively high degree of symmetry to the karyotypes studied.
Genetic diversity and differentiation of Chilean plantations of Pinus radiata D. Don using microsatellite DNA markers
Authors: Espinoza S. , Magni C. R. , Martínez V. , Gapare W. , Cordero C. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) is the most important tree species in Chilean forest economy that was introduced to the country in 1892. Despite its economical end ecological relevance, no information about its genetic diversity is today available. Forty individuals of P. radiata, representing all populations in the Chilean radiata pine breeding program were genotyped with five microsatellite loci in order to determine genetic diversity and structure of Chilean plantations. The results of genetic diversity indicated that, after its introduction and mass planting, Chilean plantations of P. radiata has retained levels of genetic diversity similar to those of the natural populations of the species (HE=0.87, A=11.4). Genetic differentiation among populations (FST=0.04) was low, which means that the genetic variation present in radiata pine in Chile is partitioned among populations, indicating they are poorly differentiated. The structure analysis indicated the genetic base of the present plantations in Chile comes only from one provenance of the native populations. The genetic information provided important implications for the future breeding programs of P. radiata in Chile.
Integration of EST-CAPS markers into genetic maps of Eucalyptus urophylla and E. tereticornis and their alignment with E. grandis genome sequence
Authors: Yu X. , Guo Y. , Zhang X. , Li F. , Weng Q. , Li M. , Gan S. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
A suite of 91 expressed sequence tag (EST) derived cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed and used for enriching the genetic maps of Eucalyptus urophylla and E. tereticornis built previously based on random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. The EST-CAPS markers were highly similar to original ESTs, with sequence identity ranging from 92.5% to 100.0%. In linkage analysis, 48 and 42 EST-CAPSs were integrated into the genetic maps of E. urophylla and E. tereticornis, respectively, including 13 shared by both maps, while 14 were unmapped. For E. urophylla, the final map had a total length of 1789.5 cM and a mean interval between markers of 9.7 cM, being 284.9 cM larger and 1.3 cM less than those of the prior RAPD map, respectively. For E. tereticornis, the final map had a length of 1488.1 cM and a mean interval of 10.3 cM, being 452.4 and 0.2 cM more than the prior map, respectively. All the 77 newly mapped EST-CAPSs found each at least one homologue in the E. grandis genome sequence released recently, and conserved synteny and colinearity were observed between E. grandis genome and our linkage groups. The enriched maps would provide a set of useful markers for genome analysis, comparative mapping and fine-mapping of important genes located in conserved regions for the important tree genus Eucalyptus.
Breeding status of tung tree (Vernicia sp.) in China, a multipurpose oilseed crop with industrial uses
Authors: Zhan Zhi Yong , Wang Yang Dong , Shockey J. , Chen Yi Cun , Zhou Zhi Chun , Yao Xiao Hua , Ren Hua Dong 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
As a developing country with the world’s largest population, China faces a serious challenge in satisfying its continuously increasing energy demands. Tung trees (Vernicia sp., especially V. fordii and V. montana), are multipurpose, perennial plants belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family. The unique chemical properties of tung seed oil make it one of the best known industrial drying oils. In this review, the breeding status of tung trees in China and some factors which limit the development of tung tree breeding will be summarised. Improvements in ecological performance and pathogen resistance, through to improved breeding methods, will help to rapidly expand the development and use of tung trees and their oil products in China. It is essential for tung tree breeding to advance in the future to keep pace with the increased demand.
Cross-Species Amplification of Microsatellite Loci for the Endangered Conifer, Taxus chinensis var. mairei (Taxaceae)
Authors: Wen Y. , Uchiyama K. , Xu G. , Ueno S. , Han W. , Xie W. , Tsumura Y. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Being an economical and endangered species, microsatellite markers of Taxus chinensis var. mairei were very limited. We have developed a set of microsatellite markers, which was benefit for future genetic analysis of this rare species. Polymorphic loci were developed from congeneric species by cross-species amplification methods, and new primers were redesigned to test for potential null alleles. 15 loci showed polymorphism. The number of alleles per locus varied from 2 to 23 tested in 48 individuals. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) values ranged form 0.000 to 0.854 and 0.082 to 0.827, respectively. Newly redesigned primer confirmed that no null allele existed in most suspected loci. These microsatellite markers will be useful for future genetic analysis and conservation of this endangered species.
An Attempt at Evaluation of the Remnant Influence On the Occurrence of Seismic Phenomena in a Room-and-Pillar Mining System with Roof Deflection
Authors: Adach-Pawelus Karolina , Butra Jan , Pawelus Daniel 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Experience gained until now underground mining worldwide and in Poland indicates that remnants may have an impact on the occurrence of seismic phenomena. Remnants are stress concentration sites encompassing both the deposit and the layers of rock mass located above and below the undisturbed rock. In the case where stresses in the remnant exceed its strength, it may collapse, and under unfavourable geomechanical conditions, stress-induced rockburst may occur. Remnants may also cause breaking of strong roof layers above their edges, which results in the occurrence of high-energy shocks (Salustowicz [30], Adach [3], Adach and Butra [4]). This article presents the possibility of utilizing numerical modeling to evaluate the influence of remnant upon the occurrence of seismic phenomena. The results of numerical calculations performed for a model room-and-pillar mining system with roof deflection under the conditions of copper ore mines in the Legnica-Głogów Copper District (LGOM) are presented. Numerical calculations in a plane strain state were performed by means of Phase2 v. 8.0 software for the analyzed mining system in which remnant was left behind. The results of numerical modeling showed that sudden fracturing of roof layers above the mined out space may occur on the edge of the remnant. This may cause a shock with very high energy, and under the appropriate conditions, this may lead to the rockburst phenomenon.
Preliminary Investigations of Creep Strain of Neogene Clay from Warsaw in Drained Triaxial Tests Assisted by Computed Microtomography
Authors: Kaczmarek Łukasz Dominik , Dobak Paweł Józef , Kiełbasiński Kamil 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The study concerns soil creep deformation in multistage triaxial stress tests under drained conditions. High resolution X-ray computed microtomography (XμCT) was involved in structure recognition before and after triaxial tests. Undisturbed Neogene clay samples, which are widespread in central Poland, were used in this study. XμCT was used to identify representative sample series and informed the detection and rejection of unreliable ones. Maximum deviatoric stress for in situ stress confining condition was equal 95.1 kPa. This result helped in the design of further multistage investigations. The study identified the rheological strain course, which can be broken down into three characterizations: decreasing creep strain rate, transitional constant creep velocity, and accelerating creep deformation. The study found that due to multistage creep loading, the samples were strengthened. Furthermore, there is a visibly “brittle” character of failure, which may be the consequence of the microstructure transformation as a function of time as well as collapse of voids. Due to the glacial tectonic history of the analyzed samples, the reactivation of microcracks might also serve as an explanation. The number of the various sizes of shear planes after failure is confirmed by XμCT overexposure.
Method for Assessment of Changes in the Width of Cracks in Cement Composites with Use of Computer Image Processing and Analysis
Authors: Tomczak Kamil , Jakubowski Jacek , Fiołek Przemysław 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Crack width measurement is an important element of research on the progress of self-healing cement composites. Due to the nature of this research, the method of measuring the width of cracks and their changes over time must meet specific requirements. The article presents a novel method of measuring crack width based on images from a scanner with an optical resolution of 6400 dpi, subject to initial image processing in the ImageJ development environment and further processing and analysis of results. After registering a series of images of the cracks at different times using SIFT conversion (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform), a dense network of line segments is created in all images, intersecting the cracks perpendicular to the local axes. Along these line segments, brightness profiles are extracted, which are the basis for determination of crack width. The distribution and rotation of the line of intersection in a regular layout, automation of transformations, management of images and profiles of brightness, and data analysis to determine the width of cracks and their changes over time are made automatically by own code in the ImageJ and VBA environment. The article describes the method, tests on its properties, sources of measurement uncertainty. It also presents an example of application of the method in research on autogenous self-healing of concrete, specifically the ability to reduce a sample crack width and its full closure within 28 days of the self-healing process.
Text from a functional communicative perspective: a linguistic analysis of Chekhov’s humoresque “My ‘her’”
Authors: Kolyaseva Alena F. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe article presents a theoretical framework for linguistic analysis of a text – Functional Communicative Grammar (FCG). Based on the assumption that any text is generated by the communicative intentions of the speaker, this approach focuses on the speaker’s time and space perspective in relation to the depicted situation, the plurality of subjects involved and the different statuses of these subjects within an utterance. The methodology allows the analyst to reveal the author’s tactics and strategy in the creation of a text and to point out the linguistic tools that help them achieve the desired effect on the reader. To demonstrate the framework’s potential, I perform a linguistic analysis of a short humoresque by Chekhov, using specific categories developed within FCG. Analyzing the semantics of predicative and non-predicative units, I generalize over the organization of the textual time, subject perspective and registers understood as communicative types of speech, and demonstrate how Chekhov creates the effect of deceived expectation at the linguistic level.
Conversation with Ted Jackson, Carleton University
Authors: Jackson Edward , Khanenko-Friesen Natalia 
Published: August 2017

E xchanges In the E xchanges, we present conversations with scholars and practitioners of community engagement, responses to previously published material, and other reflections on various aspects of community-engaged scholarship meant to provoke further dialogue and discussion. We invite our readers to offer in this section their own thoughts and ideas on the meanings and understandings of engaged scholarship, as practiced in local or faraway communities, diverse cultural settings, and various disciplinary contexts. We especially welcome community-based scholars’ views and opinions on their collaboration with university-based partners in particular and on engaged scholarship in general. Below, N atalia Khanenko-Friesen talks to Edward “T ed” Jackson about his work and his views on engaged scholarship in Canada. Dr. Jackson is a Senior Research Fellow of Carleton Centre for Community Innovation and Adjust Research Professor in Public Policy and Administration, International Affairs and African Studies at Carleton In the Exchanges, we present conversations with scholars and practitioners of community engagement, responses to previously published material, and other reflections on various aspects of community-engaged scholarship meant to provoke further dialogue and discussion. We invite our readers to offer in this section their own thoughts and ideas on the meanings and understandings of engaged scholarship, as practiced in local or faraway communities, diverse cultural settings, and various disciplinary contexts. We especially welcome community-based scholars’ views and opinions on their collaboration with university-based partners in particular and on engaged scholarship in general. Below, Natalia Khanenko-Friesen talks to Edward “Ted” Jackson about his work and his views on engaged scholarship in Canada. Dr. Jackson is a senior research fellow of Carleton Centre for Community Innovation and adjunct research professor in Public Policy and Administration, International Affairs and African Studies at Carleton University, Ottawa. Ted Jackson served as a the conference convenor for C2UExpo, held at the Carleton in May 2015.