bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iron storage in liver, bone marrow and splenic Gaucheroma reflects residual disease in type 1 Gaucher disease patients on treatment
Authors: Regenboog Martine , Bohte Anneloes E. , Akkerman Erik M. , Stoker Jaap , Hollak Carla E.M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryGaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the storage of glycosphingolipids in macrophages. Despite effective therapy, residual disease is present in varying degrees and may be associated with late complications, such as persistent bone or liver disease and increased cancer risk. Gaucher macrophages are capable of storing iron and locations of residual disease may thus be detectable with iron imaging. Forty type 1 GD (GD1) patients and 40 matched healthy controls were examined using a whole‐body magnetic resonance imaging protocol consisting of standard sequences, allowing analysis of iron content per organ, expressed as R2* (Hz). Median R2* values were significantly elevated in GD1 patients as compared to healthy controls in liver [41 Hz (range 29–165) vs. 38 Hz (range 28–53), P < 0·01], femoral bone marrow [54 Hz (range 37–129) vs. 49 Hz (range 39–69), P = 0·036] and vertebral bone marrow (118 Hz (range 82–210) vs. 105 Hz (range 76–149), P < 0·01). In the spleen, primarily focal Gaucher lesions known as Gaucheroma were found to have increased R2* values. R2* values of liver, spleen and vertebral bone marrow strongly correlated with serum ferritin levels. GD1 patients with persistent hyperferritinaemia demonstrate increased iron levels in liver and bone marrow, which may carry a risk for liver fibrosis and cancer.
Specific IgE to peanut 2S albumin Ara h 7 has a discriminative ability comparable to Ara h 2 and 6
Authors: Blankestijn M. A. , Otten H. G. , Suer W. , Weimann A. , Knol E. F. , Knulst A. C. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackgroundLittle is known on the clinical relevance of peanut 2S albumin Ara h 7.ObjectiveTo investigate the discriminative ability of Ara h 7 in peanut allergy and assess the role of cross‐reactivity between Ara h 2, 6 and Ara h 7 isoforms.MethodsSensitization to recombinant peanut storage proteins Ara h 1, 2, 3, 6, and 7 was assessed using a line blot in sera from 40 peanut‐tolerant and 40 peanut‐allergic patients, based on food challenge outcome. A dose‐dependent ELISA inhibition experiment was performed with recombinant Ara h 2, 6 and Ara h 7 isoforms.ResultsFor Ara h 7.0201, an area under the ROC curve was found of 0.83, comparable to Ara h 2 (AUC 0.81) and Ara h 6 (AUC 0.85). Ara h 7 intensity values strongly correlated with those from Ara h 2 and 6 (rs = 0.81). Of all patients sensitized to 2S albumins Ara h 2, 6, or 7, the majority was co‐sensitized to all three (n = 24, 68%), although mono‐sensitization to either 2S albumin was also observed in selected patients (Ara h 2: n = 6, 17%; Ara h 6: n = 2, 6%; Ara h 7: n = 2, 6%). Binding to Ara h 7.0101 could be strongly inhibited by Ara h 7.0201, but not the other way around.Conclusions and Clinical RelevanceSpecific IgE against Ara h 7.0201 has a predictive ability for peanut allergy similar to Ara h 2 and 6 and possesses unique IgE epitopes as well as epitopes shared between the other Ara h 7 isoform and Ara h 2 and 6. While co‐sensitization to all three 2S albumins is most common, mono‐sensitization to either Ara h 2, 6, or 7 occurs in selected patients, leading to a risk of misdiagnosis when testing for a single 2S albumin.
Influence of coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis on the extent of cervical lymph node dissection and prognosis in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Song Eyun , Jeon Min Ji , Park Suyeon , Kim Mijin , Oh Hye‐Seon , Song Dong Eun , Kim Won Gu , Kim Won Bae , Shong Young Kee , Kim Tae Yong 
Published: September 2017

SummaryObjectivePrevious studies did not focus on the differences in the extent of cervical lymph node (LN) dissection according to coexistent Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and its clinical impact. We aimed to determine whether extensive cervical LN dissection is responsible for favourable clinical outcomes in PTC patients with HT and whether the coexistence of HT itself has an independent protective effect regardless of LN status.DesignRetrospective cohort study.Patients1369 patients with PTC who underwent total thyroidectomy with central compartment neck dissection.MeasurementsMetastatic LN ratio, defined as number of metastatic LNs divided by number of removed LNs, was used to evaluate the extent of LN dissection as well as the status of LN metastasis. Disease‐free survival and dynamic risk stratification were compared for clinical outcomes.ResultsPresence of HT did not lower the risk of cervical LN metastasis (61.6% in patients with HT vs 65.1% in patients without HT, P = .292). Patients with HT had significantly larger numbers of removed LNs than patients without HT (11 vs 8, respectively, P < .001). Accordingly, metastatic LN ratio was smaller in patients with HT (P = .002), which was independently associated with structural persistent/recurrent disease (hazard ratio [HR] 2.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.30‐4.16, P = .004). HT itself was negatively associated with structural persistent/recurrent disease after adjustment for other clinicopathological factors (HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.18‐0.87, P = .020).ConclusionsCoexistence of HT itself is an independent factor associated with favourable outcome in PTC patients, regardless of the extent of LN dissection.
Olfaction and Selective Rendering
Authors: Harvey Carlo , Bashford‐Rogers Thomas , Debattista Kurt , Doukakis Efstratios , Chalmers Alan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAccurate simulation of all the senses in virtual environments is a computationally expensive task. Visual saliency models have been used to improve computational performance for rendered content, but this is insufficient for multi‐modal environments. This paper considers cross‐modal perception and, in particular, if and how olfaction affects visual attention. Two experiments are presented in this paper. Firstly, eye tracking is gathered from a number of participants to gain an impression about where and how they view virtual objects when smell is introduced compared to an odourless condition. Based on the results of this experiment a new type of saliency map in a selective‐rendering pipeline is presented. A second experiment validates this approach, and demonstrates that participants rank images as better quality, when compared to a reference, for the same rendering budget.
Call for a Paradigm Shift in the Genetic Management of Fragmented Populations
Authors: Ralls Katherine , Ballou Jonathan D. , Dudash Michele R. , Eldridge Mark D. B. , Fenster Charles B. , Lacy Robert C. , Sunnucks Paul , Frankham Richard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThousands of small populations are at increased risk of extinction because genetics and evolutionary biology are not well‐integrated into conservation planning–a major lost opportunity for effective actions. We propose that if the risk of outbreeding depression is low, the default should be to evaluate restoration of gene flow to small inbred populations of diploid outbreeding organisms that were isolated by human activities within the last 500 years, rather than inaction. We outline the elements of a scientific‐based genetic management policy for fragmented populations of plants and animals, and discuss the reasons why the current default policy is, inappropriately, inaction.
The effects of menstrual cycle phase on the incidence of plateau at and associated cardiorespiratory dynamics
Authors: Gordon Dan , Scruton Adrian , Barnes Richard , Baker James , Prado Luciano , Merzbach Viviane 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to examine the effect of menstrual cycle phase on maximal oxygen uptake () and associated cardiodynamic responses. A total of 16 active females volunteered of which n = 10 formed the non‐oral contraceptive pill group (n‐OCP), displaying a regular menstrual cycle of 28·4 ± 2·2 days (age 20·6 ± 1·6 years, height 169·9 ± 6·4 cm, mass 68·7 ± 7·9 kg) and n = 6 formed the oral contraceptive pill group (OCP) (monophasic pill) (age 21·7 years ± 2·16, height 168·1 cm ± 6·8 cm, mass 61·6 ± 6·8 kg). Each completed four incremental exercise tests for determination of , cardiac output, stroke volume and heart rate. Each test was completed according to the phases of the menstrual cycle as determined through salivary analysis of 17‐β oestrodiol and progesterone. Non‐significant differences were observed for across phases and between groups (P>0·05) with additional non‐significant differences for , HRmax and SVmax between groups. For ∆ during the final 60 s of the trial, significant differences were observed between OCP and n‐OCP (P<0·05) with OCP showing zero plateaus in three pseudo‐phases. Significant difference observed for a‐vO2dif n‐OCP between premenstruation and menstruation at 30–100% (P<0·05). Data suggest that the ‐plateau is effected by monophasic oral contraceptive pill, furthermore these data imply that test outcome is independent of menstrual cycle phase but caution should be applied when evaluating maximal oxygen uptake in females who are administered a monophasic oral contraceptive pill.
Reptiles and frogs conform to multiple conceptual landscape models in an agricultural landscape
Authors: Pulsford Stephanie A. , Lindenmayer David B. , Driscoll Don A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimEffective management of biodiversity in human‐modified landscapes demands an understanding of how biotas respond to landscape features and management actions. Yet, biotic responses are complex and varied, resulting in numerous conceptual models being developed to aid interpretation and generalization. We examined the relevance of a range of conceptual landscape models that describe how the distribution of habitat influences species richness, abundance, occurrence and spatial dynamics, using an empirical data set of reptile and frog responses to agricultural management.LocationSouth‐eastern New South Wales, Australia.MethodsWe tested predictions developed from five conceptual landscape models using data collected from five land cover types and two grazing regimes.ResultsAt least one species responded in a manner consistent with each of the five conceptual models tested. Most species responded to gradients of environmental variables and species‐specific responses were observed, in congruence with the Continuum model. No species were consistently congruent with predictions from concepts of Island Biogeography theory. One‐third of responses were congruent with the Matrix Quality model. The main prediction tested from the Matrix Tolerance model was upheld by both reptile and frog species. The predictions of the Habitat Amount hypothesis were upheld by rare reptile abundance and richness, and one frog species.Main conclusionsOur study suggests that most conceptual models have some relevance to real‐world systems and can be useful for interpreting biotic responses to landscape change and management. Importantly, no one model fully captured the range of species responses to our agricultural landscape, but the Continuum model, Matrix Quality model, Matrix Tolerance model and Habitat Amount hypothesis had complementary predictions that together appeared to explain most of the assemblage's responses to the management and environmental conditions of the agricultural landscape.
Decline of insulin therapy and delays in insulin initiation in people with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
Authors: Hosomura N. , Malmasi S. , Timerman D. , Lei V. J. , Zhang H. , Chang L. , Turchin A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimsTo design and validate a natural language processing algorithm to identify insulin therapy decline from the text of physician notes, and to determine the prevalence of insulin therapy decline and its impact on insulin initiation.MethodsWe designed the algorithm using the publicly available natural language processing platform Canary. We evaluated the accuracy of the algorithm on 1501 randomly selected primary care physicians’ notes from the electronic medical record system of a large academic medical centre. Using the validated language model, we then studied the prevalence of insulin therapy decline between 2000 and 2014.ResultsThe algorithm identified documentation of insulin therapy decline with a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 82.4–100), a positive predictive value of 95% (95% CI 74.4–99.9), and a specificity of 99.9% (95% CI 99.6–100.0). We identified 3295 insulin‐naïve adults with Type 2 diabetes who were recommended insulin therapy; 984 of them (29.9%) initially declined insulin. People with HbA1c ≥ 75 mmol/mol (9.0%) were more likely [766/2239 (34.2%)] to have declined insulin than people with HbA1c 53–63 mmol/mol (7.0–7.9%) and 64–74 mmol/mol (8.0–8.9%; P < 0.0001). Among the people who initially declined but ultimately started insulin [374/984 (38.0%)], mean time to insulin initiation was 790 days.ConclusionsInsulin therapy decline is common, potentially leading to progression of hyperglycaemia and a delay in achievement of glycaemic control. Further investigation is needed to determine the reasons, risk factors and long‐term outcomes of this important clinical phenomenon.
Ultra‐early hematoma growth in antithrombotic pretreated patients with intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Roquer J. , Vivanco‐Hidalgo R. M. , Capellades J. , Ois A. , Cuadrado‐Godia E. , Giralt‐Steinhauer E. , Soriano‐Tárraga C. , Mola‐Caminal M. , Serra‐Martínez M. , Avellaneda‐Gómez C. , Jiménez‐Conde J. , Rodríguez‐Campello A. 
Published: September 2017

Background and purposePatients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) pretreated with antithrombotic drugs may have increased early hematoma growth, which would increase mortality risk. The effect of antiplatelet (AP) and vitamin K antagonist (VKA) pretreatment on ultra‐early hematoma growth (uHG) and its relationship with mortality in patients with acute supratentorial ICH was analyzed.MethodsThis is an observational retrospective study of a prospective register of 197 ICH patients with first computed tomography (CT) scan taken <6 h from ICH symptom onset. ICH volume was calculated by the ABC/2 formula and uHG by the baseline ICH volume/onset‐to‐CT time (ml/h) formula. The uHG analysis took into account the patient's pretreatment (none, AP or VKA) and the relationship between uHG and very‐early (first 24 h) and 3‐month mortality.ResultsIn the pretreatment group, 50 (25.4%) patients were treated with AP and 37 (18.8%) with VKA. The median (interquartile range 25–75) uHG was 19.7 ml/h (2.9–44.8) for AP pretreated patients, 16.2 ml/h (5.1–42.5) for VKA pretreated patients and 8.4 ml/h (2.4–21.8) for non‐pretreated patients, P = 0.019. The uHG was higher in patients with very‐early [42.1 ml/h (20.1–79.6)] and total 3‐month mortality [28.0 ml/h (15.8–52.5)] compared with survivors [3.9 ml/h (1.5–10.4)], P < 0.0001. Adjusted by ICH severity and previous functional status, uHG was an independent factor related to very‐early (P = 0.028) and total 3‐month mortality (P = 0.014).ConclusionsPatients pretreated with antithrombotics have much higher uHG, which would explain the increased mortality in these patients compared to untreated patients.
An international analysis of CEO social capital and corporate risk‐taking
Authors: Ferris Stephen P. , Javakhadze David , Rajkovic Tijana 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis study examines the effects of CEO social capital on corporate risk‐taking around the world. We document a significant positive relation between CEO social capital and aggregate corporate risk‐taking. Further, we find that CEOs with large social capital prefer riskier investment and financial policies. We also determine that the effect of CEO social capital on corporate risk‐taking is moderated by the extent of legal protections provided to shareholders, the financial development, and the culture of the country in which a firm is incorporated. Our results are robust to alternative proxies of risk‐taking, alternative model specifications, and tests for endogeneity.
Associating metrics of hydrologic variability with benthic macroinvertebrate communities in regulated and unregulated snowmelt‐dominated rivers
Authors: Steel Anna E. , Peek Ryan A. , Lusardi Robert A. , Yarnell Sarah M. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Dams and diversions in rivers often alter flow regimes, which in turn can affect stream biota, particularly when the novel conditions are dramatically different from those under which native species evolved.

Management of regulated rivers can include development of environmental flows that seek to restore ecological integrity. However, designing a flow regime that adequately supports aquatic biodiversity requires quantifiable metrics of hydrologic variability that directly relate to aquatic species diversity.

This study examined both regulated and unregulated montane rivers over 3 years within the marked seasonality of California's Mediterranean climate to determine which quantifiable elements of a flow regime were most correlated with changes in the biologic community, using stream invertebrates during the summer low flow period as an indicator.

Boosted regression trees were used to assess relationships between quantifiable metrics of flow regimes and the invertebrate community. Non‐metric multidimensional scaling and a multi‐response permutation procedure were used to analyze general trends in invertebrate assemblage patterns between rivers and years. Results indicated that hydrologic alteration corresponded to differences in invertebrate community composition, and that metrics related to the spring snowmelt recession and variability in summer water temperature had the greatest relative influence on invertebrate community diversity.

Rivers exhibiting longer duration spring recessions, lower daily rates of change during the spring recession, and stable water temperatures during summer supported relatively higher invertebrate community diversity. These relationships suggest that quantifiable metrics associated with seasonal flow variability and predictability should be an integral part of environmental flow design and monitoring.
“You Just Don't Understand Me!” Determinants of Second Generation Asian and Latino Youth Self‐Esteem
Authors: Nguyen Emerald T. , Hale Jo Mhairi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo understand the integration of second‐generation Asians and Latinos, we study the association between acculturation and self‐esteem, an aspect of psychological wellbeing and belongingness. Using data from the Children of Immigrants Longitudinal Study (CILS), we find that Asians have lower self‐esteem than Latinos. Females, youth who are from lower socioeconomic status families, have been in the US for less than five years, have lower grade point averages, experience discrimination, or experience more family conflict, are at risk for lower self‐esteem. For Asians, identifying as American is associated with higher self‐esteem than identifying by nationality or having a hyphenated identity, but it does not provide a similar benefit to Latinos. Both groups benefit from being fluently bilingual, whereas English‐language dominance is protective only for Asian youths’ self‐esteem. Our analysis nuances the role that acculturation factors play in adolescent self‐esteem, signalling that future research should consider interactions between acculturation and race/ethnicity.
THE CHALLENGE OF NORTH OUEENSLAND FEVERS
Authors: DERRICK E. H. 
Published: September 2017

SUMMARYThe distribution of fevers in North Queensland may largely be correlated with latitude, altitude and rainfall.In the Gulf country and on mining fields in the early days, typhcid and malaria were major causes of fever. Other cases were commonly designated “typho‐malaria”.On the Pacific coast, the incidence of fevers has been high since the eighties. At first obscure in nature, they have been shown to consist mainly of leptospirosis and scrub typhus.Many minds contributed to the elucidation of the northern fevers ; the staff of the Australian Institute of Tropical Medicine at Townsville played a notable part from 1910 to 193o. Repeatedly, an advance had to await the coming of the right man.The disappearance of typhoid and malaria from the mainland of North Queensland is a public health victory. The means to prevent dengue and to lessen scrub typhus are to hand, but the prevention of leptospirosis is an unsolved problem.
BODY FAT AND BLOOD PRESSURE OF NATIVES IN NEW GUINEA : REFLECTIONS ON ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSION
Authors: WHYTE H. M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryNatives were examined in the highlands (221 males, 169 females), where salt is scarce, and on the coast (146 males, 87 females). Both groups eat little protein and fat. Measurements were made of height, weight, folds of skin and subcutaneous fat, circumference of arm and blood pressure.Though shorter and lighter than average Europeans, the relative weight of young adult natives was “ideal”. Natives were more muscular and less obese than Europeans.The blood pressure of young adults was the same as for Europeans (125/80 mm. Hg. at 25 years of age). With advancing age there was a decrease in diastolic pressure with an increase in pulse pressure in both sexes; systolic pressure increased in females but was constant in males. At 65 years of age the average for males was 130/70 mm. and for females 140/75 mm. Hg.The pulse pressure and the rate of its rise with age resembled the findings in Europeans.There was no apparent relationship between blood pressure and relative body weight or obesity when allowance was made for errors due to arm circumference. Coastal natives, whose appetite for salt is satisfied, did not have a higher blood pressure than the highlanders, who crave salt.Results are interpreted to mean that natives are physically as bulky as Europeans (allowing for the difference in height); that the influence of sex and aging of elastic arteries affect both races alike; but that natives lack, while Europeans acquire, the complaint of muscular arteries which is sometimes called essential hypertension.
SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND LIPOPROTEINS IN NATIVES OF NEW GUINEA AND AUSTRALIANS
Authors: DE WOLFE M. S. , WHYTE H. M. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryMeasurements of total serum cholesterol were made in Australians and in natives living in the Central Highlands of New Guinea (Wabag and Chimbu) and on the coast. Dietary fat provides 0% to 5% of the caloric intake in natives and 35% to 40% in Australians.The total cholesterol level in natives was lower than that of Australians. Males, 20 to 40 years of age, had 223 milligrammes of cholesterol per 100 millilitres of serum in Australia, 144 in Wabag, 130 in Chimbu, and 124 on the coast.Unlike Australians, the natives showed no upward trend in cholesterol level with age, and the value was lower in males (in Wabag) than in females.Paper electrophoresis of serum from males 20 to 40 years of age showed that the beta lipoproteins accounted for 78% of the total cholesterol in Australians, 80% in Chimbus and 86% in coastal natives. The percentage tended to increase with the total cholesterol level in Australians but to remain constant, regardless of total level, in the natives.A group of employed natives who had been eating extra food (18% of calories from fat) for one to two years had the same average total serum cholesterol concentration and lipoprotein distribution as the ordinary village natives.