bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PHARMACOGNOSTIC STANDARDIZATION OF THE LEAF OF MELALEUCA ALTERNIFOLIA (MAIDEN & BETCHE) CHEEL
Authors: Shah Gagan , Baghel Uttam Singh 
Published: March 2017

Background: Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae) is a well-known, commonly used, tall shrub plant in Ayurvedic medicine. Traditionally, it is used for its antimicrobial potential to treat cutaneous infections. No attempts have been made regarding pharmacognostic investigation of the plant till date. So, the present study was aimed to establish standards with the help of different pharmacognostic parameters.
Methods: Various pharmacognostic parameters (morphological, microscopic, physicochemical evaluations and preliminary phytochemical screening) were studied along with fluorescent and thin layer chromatographic analysis of the extract.
Result: Morphologically Melaleuca alternifolia is a shrub having height of 7 m with layered and papery bark. Leaves have an arranged pattern, petiole is 1 mm in length; linear-acute with dimensions of 10-35 mm x 1 mm. Organoleptic features shows that leaves have characteristic odour and astringent taste. The transverse section of the leaf reveals the existence of epidermal layers, mesophyll tissues, vascular bundles and secretory cavities. The stomata are anomocytic and leaf constants such as stomatal number is 180-200-225, stomatal index is 3.8-4.4-5.9, vein islet number is 18.68 (average), veinlet termination number 20.3 (average) and palisade ratio is 5.5-6.4-6.9. The results of phytochemical screening showed the occurrence of different phytoconstituents (flavonoids, phenolic tannins, phytosterol and terpenoids).
Conclusion: The present study evaluated various pharmacognostic parameters which will help in quality control (standardization) of Melaleuca alternifolia leaves in crude form, in herbal formulation and also aid in the preparation of an herbal monograph for the species.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT HYDROPONIC SUBSTRATE COMBINATIONS AND WATERING REGIMES ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ANTI-FUNGAL PROPERTIES OF SIPHONOCHILUS AETHIOPICUS
Authors: Xego S. , Kambizi L. , Nchu F 
Published: March 2017

Background: Production of medicinal plants in controlled environments, particularly hydroponic technology, provides opportunities for high quality biomass accumulation and optimizes production of secondary metabolites. Applying special watering regimes in combination with efficient soil draining is an encouraging new tool for the production of pharmaceutical relevant plants. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the effect of substrate combinations and watering regimes on nutrient uptake, anti-F. oxysporum activity and secondary metabolite profile of S. aethiopicus.
Materials and Methods: Coir was used as the main component for the preparation of media in different combinations; T1 (Coir + vermiculite + perlite + bark), T2 (Coir + bark), T3 (Coir + perlite) and T4 (Coir + vermiculite). Plants in different treatments were grown under two watering regimes: 3 and 5-days watering intervals. At 9 weeks post treatment, plants were harvested, oven dried and tissue nutrient content, anti-F. oxysporum activity and secondary metabolites were analyzed.
Results: The results showed that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) on the uptake of P, K, N, Mg, Fe, Cu, B and NH4-.The highest mean values for most nutrients were obtained in treatments under 3-days interval. Acetone extracts of S. aethiopicus under 5-days interval were the most bioactive against F. oxysporum. The MIC values obtained are relatively lower for the rhizomes, ranging from 0.078 - 0.3125 mg/ml compared to the higher MIC values (0.375 - 0.75 mg/ml) obtained in the leaves. LC-MS analysis of acetone extracts revealed the presence of phytochemicals such as caffeic acid, quercetin, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, rutin, kaempferol, epicatechin, naringenin, hesperetin and protocatechuic acid.
Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity and/or the phytochemical profile of the crude extracts were affected by watering regimes.
PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROFILES OF TRAGIA SPECIES (FAMILY: EUPHORBIACEAE)
Authors: Reddy Bonam Srinivasa , Rao Nadendla Rama , Vijeepallam Kamini , Pandy Vijayapandi 
Published: March 2017

Background: Tragia belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae which contains about 152 species. Interestingly, most of the
earlier investigations have been done using only five Tragia species, namely, Tragia involucrata, Tragia cannabina,
Tragia spathulata, Tragia plukenetii, and Tragia benthamii. The objective of the present review is to compile the
phytochemical, pharmacological and biological studies of the selected five Tragia species reported in the literature.
Methods: The reported data/information was retrieved mainly from the online databases of PubMed (MEDLINE),
EMBASE and Botanical Survey of India.
Results: The present review elaborated the phytochemical, pharmacological and biological properties of the selected
five Tragia species obtained from recent literature.
Conclusion: This review provides a basis for future investigation of Tragia species and, especially for those species
that have not been explored for biological and pharmacological activities.
GEOMETRIC, VOLUMETRIC, COLOUR AND FRICTIONAL PROPERTIES OF SELECTED SALVIA SPECIES OF TURKEY
Authors: Bayram Mustafa , Altuntas Ebubekir , Yilar Melih 
Published: March 2017

Background: Salvia seeds are promite to dietary and healthy oils because they contain essential fatty acids. Salvia
seeds frequently produce mucilage on soaking, and this mucilage is used for the treatment of eye diseases in eastern
countries. Salvia species studied for medicine, food and cosmetics, have the potential to be used in the various fields.
In the present study, selected engineering (geometrical, volumetrical, colour and frictional) properties of 6 Salvia
species seeds were determined and compared.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on selected engineering properties of seeds of 6 Salvia species
(Salvia viridis L., Salvia aethiopis L., Salvia cryptantha Montbert & Aucher ex Benthan., Salvia tomentosa Mill.,
Salvia sclarea L., Salvia virgata Jacq.,) cultivated in Turkey. Plants were collected during the vegetation in 2012-2013
(May-Agust). The seeds were cleaned from foreign matter, dirt and broken seeds manually.
Results: The average length, width and thickness were found in the range of 2.61 to 3.53 mm, 1.59 to 2.92 mm and
1.14 to 2.52 mm, respectively. Salvia viridis L. specie had the lowest geometric mean diameter and surface area,
whereas Salvia cryptantha L. had the least values among these 6 Salvia species for these properties. The bulk density,
true density and the porosity were between 296.83 and 702.80 kg m-3, 285.69 and 718.08 kg m-3, 10.27 and 44.05%,
respectively. The volume of unit seed and sphericity ranged between 2.56 and 13.64 mm3, 62.90 and 90.40%,
respectively. The coefficient of friction of salvia species were largely influenced by the friction surfaces studied, and
highest values were found for polywood in the Salvia crytantha L.. In the study, the static friction coefficient and the
angle of repose of salvia species changed from 0.477 to 0.955, and from 14.09 to 23.57°, respectively.
Conclusion: Determination of geometric, volumetric, colour and frictional properties of Salvia spp. seeds may increase
their economic value.
WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION EXERCISE IMPROVES FUNCTIONAL PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH OSTEOGENESIS IMPERFECTA: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW WITH A SUITABLE APPROACH
Authors: Sá-Caputo Danubia C. , Dionello Carla da F. , Frederico Éric Heleno F. F. , Paineiras- Domingos Laisa L. , Sousa-Gonçalves Cintia Renata , Morel Danielle S. , Moreira-Marconi Eloá , Unger Marianne , Bernardo-Filho Mario 
Published: March 2017

Background: Patients with osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) have abnormal bone modelling and resorption. The bone
tissue adaptation and responsivity to dynamic and mechanical loading may be of therapeutic use under controlled
circumstances. Improvements due to the wholebody vibration (WBV) exercises have been reported in strength, motion,
gait, balance, posture and bone density in several osteopenic individuals, as in post-menopausal women or children
with disabling conditions, as patients with OI. The aim of this investigation was to systematically analyse the current
available literature to determine the effect of WBV exercises on functional parameters of OI patients.
Materials and methods: Three reviewers independently accessed bibliographical databases. Searches were performed
in the PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and PEDro databases using keywords related to possible interventions
(including WBV) used in the management of patients with osteogenesis imperfecta.
Results: Three eligible studies were identified by searches in the analysed databases.
Conclusion: It was concluded that WBV exercises could be an important option in the management of OI patients
improving the mobility and functional parameters. However, further studies are necessary for establishing suitable
protocols for these patients.
THE HERBAL MIXTURE XIAO-CHAI-HU TANG (XCHT) INDUCES APOPTOSIS OF HUMAN HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA HUH7 CELLS IN VITRO AND IN VIVO
Authors: Zhao Jinyan , Liu Liya , Zhang Yuchen , Wan Yun , Hong Zhenfeng 
Published: March 2017

Background: Xiao-Chai-Hu Tang (XCHT) is an extract of seven herbs with anticancer properties, but its mechanism
of action is unknown. In this study, we evaluated XCHT-treated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) for anti-proliferative
and pro-apoptotic effects.
Materials and Methods: Using a hepatic cancer xenograft model, we investigated the in vivo efficacy of XCHT
against tumor growth by evaluating tumor volume and weight, as well as measuring apoptosis and cellular proliferation
within the tumor. To study the effects of XCHT in vitro, we measured the cell viability of XCHT-treated Huh7 cells, as
well as colony formation and apoptosis. To identify a potential mechanism of action, the gene and protein expression
levels of Bax, Bcl-2, CDK4 and cyclin-D1 were measured in XCHT-treated Huh7 cells.
Results: We found that XCHT reduced tumor size and weight, as well as significantly decreased cell viability both in
vivo and in vitro. XCHT suppressed the expression of the proliferation marker Ki-67 in HCC tissues and inhibited
Huh7 colony formation. XCHT induced apoptosis in HCC tumor tissues and in Huh7 cells. Finally, XCHT altered the
expression of Bax, Bcl-2, CDK4 and cyclin-D1, which halted cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis.
Conclusion: Our data suggest that XCHT enhances expression of pro-apoptotic pathways, resulting in potent
anticancer activity.
BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF ACUPUNCTURE RESEARCH FRONTS AND THEIR WORLDWIDE DISTRIBUTION OVER THREE DECADES
Authors: Fu Jun-Ying , Zhang Xu , Zhao Yun-Hua , Tong He-Feng , Chen Dar-Zen , Huang Mu-Hsuan 
Published: March 2017

Background: Considerable research has been conducted on acupuncture worldwide. This study chronologically
examined the changing features and research fronts of acupuncture and elucidated the differences among the six most
productive countries.
Methods: Bibliographic coupling is a powerful tool for identifying the research fronts of a field. Acupuncture-related
publications worldwide and from the six most productive countries during 1983–2012 were retrieved from the Science
Citation Index Expanded and Social Science Citation Index. To form the research fronts, the 100 most highly cited
papers (HCPs) were clustered in terms of references shared.
Results: The United States had the highest proportion of HCPs. The effectiveness of acupuncture in areas such as
relieving neck and back pain, migraines and headaches, and knee osteoarthritis symptoms was a predominant topic.
Initially, the endogenous opioid peptide system was the primary research focus in the acupuncture mechanism research;
however, during 1993–2012, researchers focused more on the functional magnetic resonance imaging of brain activity.
In addition, acupuncture use and prevalence, the attitudes of health practitioners, and the effects of expectancy and
belief were also major topics. Researches from Western countries, including the United States, England, and Germany,
showed more interest in clinical trials and economic- and ethics-related studies, whereas those from East Asian
countries including China, Japan, and South Korea focused more on mechanism research.
Conclusion: Western countries dominated the research fronts of acupuncture. The patterns of the research fronts varied
worldwide, indicating continuity and innovation in research in each country.
PRESENCE OF CITRININ IN GRAINS AND ITS POSSIBLE HEALTH EFFECTS
Authors: Čulig CleBorna , Bevardi Martina , Bošnir Jasna , Serdar Sonja , Lasić Dario , Lasić Dario , Racz Aleksandar , Galić Antonija , Kuharić Željka 
Published: March 2017

Background: Citrinin is a mycotoxin produced by several species of the genera Aspergillus, Penicillium and Monascus
and it occurs mainly in stored grain. Citrinin is generally formed after harvest and occurs mainly in stored grains, it also
occurs in other plant products. Often, the co-occurrence with other mycotoxins is observed, especially ochratoxin A,
which is usually associated with endemic nephropathy. At the European Union level, systematic monitoring of Citrinin
in grains began with the aim of determining its highest permissible amount in food. Thus, far the systematic monitoring
of the above mentioned mycotoxin in Croatia is yet to begin.
Materials and Methods: The main goal of this study was to determine the presence of Citrinin in grains sampled in the
area of Međimurje, Osijek-Baranja, Vukovar-Srijem and Brod-Posavina County. For the purpose of identification and
quantification of citrinin, high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) with fluorescence was used (Calibration
curve k ≥ 0.999; Intra assay CV = 2.1%; Inter assay CV = 4.3%; LOQ < 1 μg/kg).
Results: From the area of Međimurje County, 10 samples of corn and 10 samples of wheat were analyzed. None of the
samples contained Citrinin (
EVALUATION OF ANTICANCER POTENTIAL OF EIGHT VEGETAL SPECIES FROM THE STATE OF OAXACA
Authors: Lira-De León Karla Isabel , Herrera-Martínez Mayra , Ramirez-Mares Marco Vinicio , Hernández-Carlo Beatriz 
Published: March 2017

Background: Eight plant species from Oaxaca, some of them used in traditional medicine, were subjected to screening
of several biological activities to provide data regarding their anticancer potential, although no scientific information is
available about their pharmacological effects.
Materials and methods: Methanol extracts from stems or roots of the eight plants were tested for antioxidant activity
by the DPPH· method. Antimicrobial activity was determined using the agar diffusion method and the minimal
inhibitory concentration (MIC) was obtained by broth dilution method. Antitopoisomerase activity was assessed using
mutant strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae JN362a, JN394, JN394t-1, JN394t2-4 and JN394t2-5. The mutagenic activity
was evaluated using the Ames test (Salmonella typhimurium TA1535).
Results: No extract showed significant antioxidant activity. The best antimicrobial activity was observed for
Salpianthus arenarius (MIC 56.25 μg/mL) and Lantana achyranthifolia (MIC 78.12 μg/mL) against Staphylococcus
aureus. Extracts of Acalypha cuspidata, Alloispermum integrifolium and L. achyranthifolia stems showed
antitopoisomerase II activity with JN394t-1 growth of -30.88±0.0%, -38.11±4.95%, and -70.97±12.02% respectively.
Galium mexicanum stem extract showed antitopoisomerase I activity with growth of 35.31±6.36% on the same mutant
strain. All plant extracts were non-mutagenic. Fractionation of A. cuspidata extract led to identification of two
subfractions with antitopoisomerase I and II activity at 154μg/mL (Positive controls 50 and 100μg/mL).
Conclusion: Methanol extracts of A. cuspidata, A. integrifolium, G. mexicanum, and L. achyranthifolia stems showed
antitopoisomerase and non-mutagenic activities, and consequently could be promising as a source of anticancer drugs.
Mediciones alternativas de la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo en el contexto de la agenda 2030
Authors: Pérez Pineda Jorge Antonio , Alañón Pardo Ángel 
Published: March 2017

El fin de los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio y su sustitución por los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sustentable (ODS) abren la puerta a debates en torno al desarrollo y a la eficacia de la cooperación internacional. Uno de ellos gira en torno a garantizar ayuda eficaz, mayor transparencia y gestión orientada a resultados. En el presente estudio se abordan algunas de las iniciativas más significativas para la generación de indicadores útiles para medir la eficiencia y transparencia de la cooperación internacional para el desarrollo.Para ello se contextualizan las alternativas de medición de la Cooperación Internacional para el Desarrollo (CID). Seguidamente, se intenta responder a preguntas como ¿con qué contamos?, ¿miden lo mismo?, ¿cuál es el mejor método?, y en tal sentido aclarar el panorama existente en torno a la medición de la CID en el contexto de la Agenda 2015-2030. Como resultado, se pone énfasis en una vertiente novedosa en torno al enfoque espacial como una medición alternativa poco considerada en los debates de la CID, que a pesar de ello es impulsada por organismos como el Banco Mundial, pero de la que se sabe poco sobre su potencial y utilidad. Por último, realizamos una serie de reflexiones en torno a lo expuesto.
PEMAHAMAN KOMPETENSI PARENTING TERHADAP PERKEMBANGAN SOSIAL ANAK (STUDI KASUS PADA KELOMPOK BERMAIN DI PAKEM, SLEMAN)
Authors: Haryanti Haryanti , Sumarno Sumarno 
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami kompetensi parenting orangtua, kendala dalam pengasuhan, dan strategi yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan subjek penelitian orangtua peserta didik pada lembaga kelompok bermain di Kecamatan Pakem. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Kompetensi parenting orangtua pada bentuk keluarga: (a) Nuclear family: orangtua cenderung mengikuti kemauan anak dan melarang anak bermain di luar rumah, karena orangtua berada di rumah. (b) Extended family: kecenderungan adanya perbedaan pola asuh orangtua dengan anggota keluarga lain. (c) Diverse family: kecenderungan orangtua memenuhi kebutuhan anak dengan bekerja sehari penuh, sehingga kurang waktu bersama anak. Kendala yang dihadapi orangtua di antaranya, orangtua yang bekerja dan mendelegasikan pengasuhan kepada kakek atau nenek, saudara yang lain, maupun kepada pengasuh. Strategi yang dilakukan orangtua adalah dengan melakukan pengaturan waktu dan melakukan pembatasan pergaulan anak dengan lingkungan, apabila dirasakan lingkungan tidak memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap perkembangan sosial anak.Kata kunci: kompetensi parenting, perkembangan sosial anak THE UNDERSTANDING OF THE PARENTING COMPETENCY ON THE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN (CASE STUDY ON PLAYGROUPS IN PAKEM, SLEMAN)AbstractThis study aims to investigate parenting competency of parents, parents’ constraints in parenting, and strategies undertaken. This was a qualitative study with subjects were parents of students. The data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation. Parents’ parenting competency, among others, the following: (a) Nuclear families: parents tend to follow the will of the child and tendency parents forbid children to play outside the house, because the parent is at home. (b) Extended familes: the difference in parenting from parents and other family members. (c) Diverse families: parents’ tendency to meet the needs of children with working of full day, so less time with children. Constraints faced by parent’s include the fact that they work so that they delegate it to grandfather or grandmother, other relatives, or babysitters. Parent’s strategies are that they manage time as effectively as possible and manage restriction of children’s socialization with the environment are made when parents think that the environment cannot give positive contributions to children’s social development.Keywords: parenting competency, children’s social development
PENDIDIKAN BERPERSPEKTIF GENDER PADA ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Roziqoh Roziqoh , Suparno Suparno 
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan pendidikan berperspektif gender, faktor pendukung dan penghambat, dan hasil dari pelaksanaan pendidikan berperspektif gender pada anak usia dini di ECCD-RC Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Subjek penelitian adalah direktur yayasan, kepala sekolah, pendidik, dan peserta didik ECCD-RC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan pendidikan berperspektif gender di ECCD-RC dilaksanakan melalui pembiasaan, keteladanan, dan bermain yang tidak diskriminatif. Hasil dari pelaksanaan pendidikan berperspektif gender pada anak terlihat dalam interaksi peserta dengan pendidik, dan interaksi antarpeserta didik di kelas, melalui empat aspek analisis gender, yaitu akses, partisipasi, kontrol, dan manfaat. Beberapa faktor yang mendukung terlaksananya pendidikan berperspektif gender pada anak usia dini diantaranya adalah peserta didik masih bebas stereotype, pendidik yang pro keragaman, proses pembelajaran yang tidak diskriminatif, dan kerja sama yang baik antara pendidik dan orang tua. Selain faktor pendukung, ada beberapa faktor yang menghambat diantaranya: penghambatnya adalah: keterbatasan SDM, sarana prasarana yang belum 100% ramah dan aman, orang tua pendidik memiliki pandangan yang berbeda dengan ECCD-RC, dan minimnya waktu interaksi anak di ECCD-RC Yogyakarta.Kata kunci: pendidikan, gender, anak usia dini GENDER PERSCPECTIVE EDUCATION TO EARLY CHILHOODAbstractThis study aims to determine: the implementation of gender perspective education to early childhood, the supporting factors and inhibiting factors, and the result of gender perspective education to early childhood at ECCD-RC, Yogyakarta. This study used descriptive qualitative approach. The subjects were director of the foundation, principal, educator, and school students at ECCD-RC, Yogyakarta. The findings of the study are as follows: The implementation of gender perspective education to early childhood conducted through repeated action, role modelling, and indiscriminating play. The result of gender perspective education can be seen through interaction between students and teachers and interaction among students viewed from four gender analysis aspects, i. e. access, participation, control, and advantage. The supporting factors are: students are free from stereotyping, teachers appreciate diversity, learning process is indiscriminating, evaluation instrument is complete, and teachers and parents are being cooperative. Whereas, the inhibiting factors are the limitation of human resources, medium and infrastructure which are not 100 % children-friendly, different point of view between parents and staffs, and the minimum time for children to interact with their teachers.Keywords: education, gender, early childhood