bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Learning to Communicate: The Emergence of Signaling in Spatialized Arrays of Neural Nets
Authors: Grim Patrick , St. Denis Paul , Kokalis Trina 
Published: January 2017

We work with a large spatialized array of individuals in an environment of drifting food sources and predators. The behavior of each individual is generated by its simple neural net; individuals arecapable of making one of two sounds and are capable of responding to sounds from their immediate neighbors by opening their mouths or hiding. An individual whose mouth is open in the presence of food is 'fed' and gains points; an individual who fails to hide when a predator is present is 'hurt' by losing points. Opening mouths, hiding, and making sounds each exact an energy cost. There is no direct evolutionary gain for acts of cooperation or 'successful communication' per se. In such an environment we start with a spatialized array of neural nets with randomized weights. Using standard learning algorithms, our individuals 'train up' on the behavior of successful neighbors at regular intervals. Given that simple setup, will a community of neural nets evolve a simple language for signaling the presence of food and predators? With important qualifications, the answer is yes.'In a simple spatial environment, pursuing individualistic gains and using partial training on successful neighbors, randomized neural nets can learn to communicate.
Conflict in community pharmacy practice
Authors: Gregory Paul A. M. , Austin Zubin 
Published: January 2017

Background: Intraprofessional conflict among pharmacists, regulated technicians and assistants may undermine attempts to advance patient care in community pharmacy. There is no available research examining this issue in light of the evolution of the profession and roles within the profession. Methods: A combination of interviews and focus groups involving pharmacists, technicians and assistants was undertaken. Each participant completed the Conflict Management Scale as a way of identifying conflict management style. Data were analyzed and coded using a constant-comparative, iterative method. Results: A total of 41 pharmacy team members participated in this research (14 pharmacists, 14 technicians and 13 assistants). Four key themes were identified that related to conflict within community pharmacy: role misunderstanding, threats to self-identity, differences in conflict management style and workplace demotivation. Interpretation: As exploratory research, this study highlighted the need for greater role clarity and additional conflict management skills training as supports for the pharmacy team. The impact of conflict in the workplace was described by participants as significant, adverse and multifactorial. Conclusions: To support practice change, there has been major evolution of roles and responsibilities of pharmacists, technicians and assistants. Conflict among pharmacy team members has the potential to adversely affect the quality of care provided to patients and is an issue for managers, owners, regulators and educators.
Improvement in Quality of Sales Tax Assessments in West Bengal: A Study
Authors: Kumar Binod , Ghosh Malay 
Published: January 2017

The major source of own tax revenue of a State in India is Sales Tax. The Sales Tax administration in the State of West Bengal has undertaken a paradigm shift in last five years. Discretionary assessment of the tax-payers has been replaced by intelligent, objective and risk-based selection method. Replacement of unilateral discretionary demand by adjudication through introduction of draft order has established transparency and equity in the system. Distribution of hearing cases over the periods instead of completing them towards the end of the limitation has increased the quality of assessment. Electronic storage of records and electronic service of notices has increased efficiency of the tax administration. Use of data analytics in assessment and audit has resulted in growth in per cent of collection of assessed demand compared to previous years. JEL Classification: H21, H71, M48, K34
miR-125b promotes MLL-AF9–driven murine acute myeloid leukemia involving a VEGFA-mediated non–cell-intrinsic mechanism
Authors: Liu Jun , Guo Bo , Chen Zhuo , Wang Nayi , Iacovino Michelina , Cheng Jijun , Roden Christine , Pan Wen , Khan Sajid , Chen Suning , Kyba Michael , Fan Rong , Guo Shangqin , Lu Jun 
Published: January 2017

Key PointsmiR-125b overexpression accelerates MLL-AF9–driven AML and endows partial addiction to its overexpression. A miR-125b-TET2-VEGFA pathway promotes leukemogenesis involving a non–cell-intrinsic mechanism.
Slaves of the Buccaneers: Mayas in Captivity in the Second Half of the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Bialuschewski Arne 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Multinational groups of buccaneers repeatedly raided settlements all along the coast of Tabasco and the Yucatán Peninsula. The freebooters not only looted whatever valuables they could find but also abducted and enslaved numerous coastal inhabitants, particularly Mayas. Some captives were taken to the raiders’ base on the small island of Tortuga, others were brought to the Laguna de Términos and from there to colonial slave markets, and some had to accompany the marauders on their voyages. Indigenous people who suffered under the colonial regime also languished when they fell into the hands of Spain’s enemies.
Validation of a semi-automated technique to accurately measure abdominal fat distribution using CT and MRI for clinical risk stratification
Authors: Waduud Mohammed A , Sharaf Amal , Roy Iain , Lopez-Gonzalez Rosario , Hart Andrew , McGill David , Roditi Giles , Biddlestone John 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
A valid method for accurate quantification of abdominal fat distribution (AFD) using both CT and MRI is described. This method will be primarily useful in the prospective risk stratification of patients undergoing reconstructive breast surgery. Secondary applications in many other clinical specialities are foreseen.

Methods:
15 sequential patients who had undergone breast reconstruction following both CT and MRI (30 scans) were retrospectively identified at our single centre. The AFD was quantified at the level of the L3 vertebra. Image analysis was performed by at least two independent operators using free software. Intra- and interobserver differences were assessed using Bland–Altman plots. Data were validated between imaging modalities by Pearson's correlation. Linear regression analyses were used to mathematically normalize results between imaging modalities.

Results:
The method was statistically independent of rater bias (intra: Pearson's R—0.954–1.00; inter: 0.799–0.999). Strong relationships between imaging modalities were demonstrated and are independent of time between imaging (Pearson's R 0.625–0.903). Interchangeable mathematical models to normalize between imaging modality are shown.

Conclusion:
The method described is highly reproducible and independent of rater bias. A strong interchangeable relationship exists between calculations of AFD on retrospective CT and MRI.

Advances in knowledge:
This is the first technique to be applicable to scans that are not performed sequentially or in a research setting. Analysis is semi-automated and results can be compared directly, regardless of imaging modality or patient position. This method has clinical utility in prospective risk stratification and will be applicable to many clinical specialities.
A Wilkinson Power Divider with Harmonics Suppression and Size Reduction Using Meandered Compact Microstrip Resonating Cells
Authors: Roshani Saeed 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a novel compact Wilkinson power divider with harmonics suppression using meandered compact microstrip resonating cells (MCMRC) at 2 GHz is proposed. In the design structure an open stub is used to suppress 2nd harmonic and two proposed MCMRC units are inserted into quarter wavelength lines of the conventional power divider to suppress 3rd–7th harmonics. The proposed power divider reduces the size over 65 % compare to the conventional one and impressively suppresses the harmonics (2nd–7th) with high level of attenuation. The proposed resonator and power divider are fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results are in good agreements. The overall dimensions of the resonators and proposed power divider are only about 1.56 mm×9.2 mm (0.013 λg×0.08 λg) and 9.1 mm×13.1 mm (0.08 λg×0.11 λg) respectively.‎
On the arrowhead-Fibonacci numbers
Authors: Gültekin Inci , Deveci Ömür 
Published: January 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we define the arrowhead-Fibonacci numbers by using the arrowhead matrix of the characteristic polynomial of thek-step Fibonacci sequence and then we give some of their properties. Also, we study the arrowhead-Fibonacci sequence modulomand we obtain the cyclic groups from the generating matrix of the arrowhead-Fibonacci numbers when read modulom. Then we derive the relationships between the orders of the cyclic groups obtained and the periods of the arrowhead-Fibonacci sequence modulom.
Synthesis, optical and electrochemical study of bipolar heterocyclic systems, including 1,2,4-oxadiazole moiety
Authors: Selivanova D. G. , Mayorova O. A. , Gorbunov A. A. , Vasyanin A. N. , Dmitriev M. V. , Shklyaeva E. V. , Abashev G. G. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractTwo new 3,5-dihetarylsubstituted 1,2,4- oxadiazoles 8 a,b, including N-alkyl substituted carbazole and thiophene moieties, were synthesized as potential components of materials for organic electronics devices. Optical and electrochemical properties of all new compounds were investigated. On the basis of the experimental UV absorption data, the values of bandgap energies equal to 3.44 eV (8a) and 3.05 eV (8b) were determined. The values of their ionization potentials, HOMO levels (−5.62 eV for 8a, −5.46 eV – for 8b), as well as their electron affinity levels, LUMO levels (−2.2 eV for 8a, −2.4 eV – for 8b), were calculated from the results of electrochemical studies. The energy of the triplet excited states of 8 a,b was defined with the help of time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), comprising 2.68 eV (8a) and 2.32 eV (8b), where the greatest value of this parameter was for the compound with a shorter conjugation chain.
Figurative Meaning Construction: From
Cognitive Operations to Thought and Culture
Authors: Reda Ghsoon 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
This paper examines the construction of figurative language within the approach to metaphoric
complexes provided by the Lexical Constructional Model (LCM). This approach specifies the ways in which
metaphors or metaphors and metonymies operate together at different levels of meaning construction,
forming metaphtonymies, metaphoric amalgams and metaphoric chains. The study introduces a pattern
of metaphoric complexes that involves two different kinds of comparisons operating together: Comparison
by resemblance and comparison by contrast. The observations obtained from the study are: i) metaphoric
complexes can be more complex than indicated by the LCM approach to the phenomena and ii) the
cognitive operations (or conceptual mappings) involved in the construction of complex figures do not
simply underlie a plausible interpretation of such figures; they can also bear illocutionary force and thus
affect thought and culture. The points are demonstrated by examining the above-mentioned pattern in
some religious figures, analysing the effect the construction of such figures has had on readers’ beliefs
and behaviour (i.e. thought and culture).
Análise do comportamento sexual de risco à infecção pelo hiv em adultos da população em geral
Authors: Pereira Thalita Galeno , De Araújo Ludgleydson Fernandes , Negreiros Fauston , Barros Neto Raimundo Nonato Nonato de Sousa 
Published: January 2017

Objetivou identificar e comparar os comportamentos sexuais de risco e sua relação com o sexo, idade e religião. Participaram 596 adultos da população em geral, de ambos os sexos, com idades variando entre 18 a 73 anos (M = 27,31 DP = 9,37), sendo 59,2 % do sexo feminino, estado civil solteiro (76,2%), deste total 83,2% se declararam heterossexual. Utilizou-se como instrumento questionários sobre dados sociodemográficos e comportamento sexual. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o pacote estatístico SPSS versão 22. Identificou-se que as relações sexuais sob o efeito de substâncias psicoativas foi predominante entre homens. Em relação às diferenças dos comportamentos sexuais dos grupos de idades, neste estudo foi identificado que as pessoas da população em geral com idades de 18-41 anos em sua maioria tinham uma vida sexual ativa. Espera-se que estes dados possam subsidiar futuras intervenções em saúde para prevenção de doenças sexualmente transmissíveis.
Perfil metabólico y factores asociados en pacientes con esquizofrenia bajo tratamiento con antipsicóticos que acuden a consulta externa en el Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental (Perú).
Authors: Ricapa Miguel A. , Guimas Luis B. , Ticse Ray 
Published: January 2017

Objetivo: Describir el perfil metabólico y factores asociados en pacientes con esquizofrenia bajo tratamiento con antipsicóticos que acudieron a consulta externa en el Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental “Honorio Delgado–Hideyo Noguchi” durante un periodo de tres meses. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado entre mayo y julio del 2015. De manera consecutiva, fueron incluidos pacientes con esquizofrenia, en tratamiento con el mismo esquema antipsicótico por al menos 3 meses. Se tomaron medidas antropométricas y se recogió información del paciente y de su historia clínica. Se estimaron frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central para la estadística descriptiva. Los factores asociados al perfil metabólico se establecieron mediante análisis bivariado y multivariado, con el Síndrome Metabólico (SM) como variable dependiente. Resultados: De un total de 272 pacientes, 40,8% cumplieron criterios para SM según la ATP-III modificada; 6,3% presentaron diabetes, 8,1% hipertensión arterial, 43% sobrepeso, 28,7% obesidad y 74,3% presentaron al menos una alteración lipídica. El SM estuvo significativamente asociado a edad, antecedente familiar de infarto de miocardio (IM), índice de masa corporal (IMC) y uso de politerapia con anti- psicóticos atípicos. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de SM hallada en esta muestra de pacientes esquizofrénicos fue elevada y estuvo asociada a una variedad de factores que es indispensable evaluar para un manejo integral y adecuado de cada paciente.
Melanoma intracraneal primario en un paciente adulto con melanosis neurocutánea
Authors: Miranda Ñahui Jacqueline Rosamaría , Quispe Cutipa Guiovanna , Llamoca P. Verónica 
Published: January 2017

La melanosis neurocutánea es un desorden congénito de escasa frecuencia, caracterizado por nevos cutáneos congénitos y compromiso del sistema nervioso central. Ocurre más comúnmente durante la infancia y rara vez en la edad adulta. Se presenta el caso de un hombre de 30 años de edad con melanosis neurocutánea que luego desarrolla melanoma intracraneal. En conjunción con los hallazgos del examen físico de la piel, la resonancia magnética nuclear juega un rol crucial en el diagnóstico de esta entidad clínica.
Evaluating Water Exclusion using Plastic Ground Cover in Maize at Two Population Densities
Authors: Lindsey Alexander J. , Thomison Peter R. , Barker David J. , Metzger James D. 
Published: January 2017

Core Ideas
Evaluating drought‐tolerant maize hybrids is a challenge in the eastern U.S. Corn Belt.
Treatments with black plastic had lower soil moisture with minor increases in soil temperature.
Water exclusion using plastic ground cover reduced soil moisture and grain yield compared to the rain‐fed plus irrigation control.
Evaluating maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids under drought conditions in rain‐fed environments can be difficult using deficit irrigation practices, and installation of permanent rain‐exclusion structures can be cost prohibitive. Covering the soil surface to reduce infiltration has been successful in other crops, but limited evaluation has been conducted in maize systems of the U.S. Corn Belt. The objective of this study was to determine if black plastic ground cover could exclude water from maize under varying agronomic conditions to generate dry soil conditions. A field study was conducted in South Charleston, OH, in 2013 and 2014 in maize using two hybrids with varying drought tolerance at two plant populations (74,000 and 124,000 plants ha−1). Black plastic ground cover was installed at canopy closure (V6) as a water exclusion practice, and a rain‐fed plus irrigation treatment was also installed at V6 for comparison. Water exclusion reduced soil moisture at R2, R5, and R6 by 0.02 to 0.09 m3 water m−3 soil and reduced yield by 2.11 Mg ha−1 compared to the rain‐fed plus irrigation treatment. While water stress symptoms during the season were not observed, volumetric water content decreased below the permanent wilting point at R5 in the top 30 cm in 2013 and at R2, R5, and R6 in the top 20 cm in 2014. These results suggest that surface‐applied black plastic can be an effective water exclusion method in maize, but should be evaluated further to optimize installation timing and its utility in suboptimal growing seasons.
Temporal Evaluation of Neurosensory Complications After Mandibular Third Molar Extraction: Current Problems for Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Akashi Masaya , Hiraoka Yujiro , Hasegawa Takumi , Komori Takahide 
Published: January 2017

Objective:
This retrospective study aimed to report the incidence of neurosensory complications after third molar extraction and also to identify current problems and discuss appropriate management of these complications.

Method:
Patients who underwent extraction of deeply impacted mandibular third molars under general anesthesia were included. The following epidemiological data were retrospectively gathered from medical charts: type of neurosensory complication, treatment for complication, and outcome.

Results:
A total 369 mandibular third molars were extracted in 210 patients under general anesthesia during this study period. Thirty-one of the 369 teeth (8.4%) in 31 patients had neurosensory complications during the first postoperative week resulting from inferior alveolar nerve damage. Neurosensory complications lasting from 1 to 3 months postoperatively included 17 cases of hypoesthesia and 8 of dysesthesia in 19 patients. Five cases of hypoesthesia and 4 of dysesthesia in 5 patients persisted over 1 year postoperatively. Sixteen of 369 teeth (4.3%) in 16 patients had persistent neurosensory complications after third molar extraction under general anesthesia. Stellate ganglion block was performed in 4 patients. Early initiation of stellate ganglion block (within 2 weeks postoperatively) produced better outcomes than late stellate ganglion block (over 6 months postoperatively).

Conclusion:
Refractory neurosensory complications after third molar extraction often combine both hypoesthesia and dysesthesia. Current problems in diagnosis and treatment included delayed detection of dysesthesia and the lack of uniform timing of stellate ganglion block. In the future, routinely inquiring about dysesthesia and promptly providing affected patients with information about stellate ganglion block might produce better outcomes.
A Qualitative Description of Chronic Neck Pain has Implications for Outcome Assessment and Classification
Authors: MacDermid Joy C. , Walton David M. , Bobos Pavlos , Lomotan Margaret , Carlesso Lisa 
Published: January 2017

Background:Neck pain is common, but few studies have used qualitative methods to describe it.Purpose:To describe the quality, distribution and behavior of neck pain.Methods:Sixteen people (15 females; mean age = 33 years (range = 20-69)) with neck pain >3 months were interviewed using a semi-structured guide. Interview data were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Descriptive content analysis was performed by two authors. Participants then completed an electronic descriptive pain tool, placing icons (word and icon descriptors to describe quality) on anatomic diagrams to identify location of pain, and intensity ratings at each location. This data was triangulated with interviews.Results:Aching pain and stiffness in the posterior neck and shoulder region were the most common pain complaints. All patients reported more than one pain quality. Associated headache was common (11/16 people); but varied in location and pain quality; 13/16 reported upper extremity symptoms. Neuropathic characteristics (burning) or sensory disturbance (numbness/tingling) occurred in some patients, but were less common. Activities that involved lifting/carrying and psychological stress were factors reported as exacerbating pain. Physical activity was valued as essential to function, but also instigated exacerbations. Concordance between the structured pain tool and interviews enhanced trustworthiness of our results. Integrating qualitative findings with a previous classification system derived a 7-axis neck pain classification: source/context, sample subgroup, distribution, duration, episode pattern, pain/symptom severity, disability/participation restriction.Conclusions:Qualitative assessment and classification should consider the multiple dimensions of neck pain.
Differences in Determinants of Indirect Perpetrator and Victim Behaviour
Authors: Farnicka Marzanna 
Published: January 2017

Background:Studies on young children indicate that victims of indirect peer aggression often terminate their relations with the perpetrators. This study is based on the social learning and learning theory approach. In this case adolescence is treated in a special period of changes in social functioning.Objective:The study presents specific determinants of indirect type of perpetrator and victim behaviour in adolescence. The study analyses the following determinants: aggressiveness, attachment and temperament.Method:The respondents’ behaviour was measured with the self – assessment questionnaires: Mini DIA (Österman The Mini Inventory of Direct and Indirect Aggression, 2010), IPPA (Armsden, Greenberg Attachment scale, 1987), EAS (Buss, Plomin Temperament scale, 1997) and BPAQ (Buss, Perry Aggression Questionnaire, 1992).The sample consisted of 160 secondary school students aged between 16 and 19. There were 82 girls (60%) and 78 boys (40%) in the studied population. The study was conducted in groups during a one-hour session.Results:The research results indicated the significance of the nature of attachment (mother alienation) for the undertaken risky behaviour of both perpetrator-type and victim-type. The differences relate to the type of relationship with parents (secure or insecure pattern), own experience of being in the role of victim or perpetrator, and the level of hostility. A separate model of determining factors for indirect type of aggressive behaviour was also demonstrated.Conclusion:In the light of the presented results, the proper diagnostic process seems important in order to differentiate between the assumed roles (aggressor/victim) and to apply suitable measures. In the case of indirect-type aggressors, the focus should be on coping with hostility, self-control and emotional control skills and working on alternative ways of functioning in the family (particularly in the relationship with mother).