bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating Sequence-Based Genomic Prediction with an Efficient New Simulator
Authors: Pérez-Enciso Miguel , Forneris Natalia , de los Campos Gustavo , Legarra Andrés 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The vast amount of sequence data generated to analyze complex traits is posing new challenges in terms of the analysis and interpretation of the results. Although simulation is a fundamental tool to investigate the reliability of genomic analyses and to optimize experimental design, existing software cannot realistically simulate complete genomes. To remedy this, we have developed a new strategy (Sequence-Based Virtual Breeding, SBVB) that uses real sequence data and simulates new offspring genomes and phenotypes in a very efficient and flexible manner. Using this tool, we studied the efficiency of full sequence in genomic prediction compared to SNP arrays. We used real porcine sequences from three breeds as founder genomes of a 2500-animal pedigree and two genetic architectures: “neutral” and “selective.” In the neutral architecture, frequencies and allele effects were sampled independently whereas, in the selective case, SNPs were sites putatively under selection after domestication and a negative correlation between effect and frequency was induced. We compared the effectiveness of different genotyping strategies for genomic selection, including the use of full sequence commercial arrays or randomly chosen SNP sets in both outbred and crossbred experimental designs. We found that accuracy increases using sequence instead of commercial chips but modestly, perhaps by ≤ 4%. This result was robust to extreme genetic architectures. We conclude that full sequence is unlikely to offset commercial arrays for predicting genetic value when the number of loci is relatively large and the prior given to each SNP is uniform. Using sequence to improve selection thus requires optimized prior information and, likely, increased population sizes. The code and manual for SBVB are available at https://github.com/mperezenciso/sbvb0.
Paid in Full: A Critical Look at the Law and Economics of the Football Creditors Rule
Authors: Flanagan Christopher 
Published: December 2016

The Football League has recently modified its Football Creditors Rule. Once the sport’s financial regulatory bête noire, the changes met with little fanfare. However, these amendments do not fundamentally change the essential structure of a regime that has seen criticism from the media, the judiciary, academics, and indeed has been subject to litigation by the British tax authorities. This paper examines the law and economics of insolvency in English football, framing the case of HM Revenue and Customs v. The Football League Limited &amp; The Football Association Premier League Limited in its prevailing economic context and considering the particular legal challenge brought by HM Revenue and Customs, which was ultimately unsuccessful. Moving beyond the decision in the above cited case, a critique of the underlying cogency and validity of the Football Creditors Rule is provided, which is centred on the views espoused by Michael J. Sandel in What Money Can’t Buy: The Moral Limit of Markets. Particularly, it is posited that the nature of the rule has served to debase the norms that should govern football clubs’ financial management and has instead abetted a climate of free spending by systemically diminishing the downside risk of insolvency between football clubs.
Estresse e síndrome de Burnout nos enfermeiros do hospital: estudo descritivo
Authors: Bezerra Clarissa Bandeira , De Martino Milva Figueiredo 
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: verificar os níveis de estresse e a presença da síndrome de Burnout em uma população de enfermeiros nos turnos diurno e noturno na área hospitalar. Método: estudo descritivo, do tipo transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no hospital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Consiste na aplicação de questionários aos enfermeiros para obtenção de dados por meio do formulário dos dados sociodemográficos; em seguida dos instrumentos: a Escala de Bianchi para quantificar o nível de estresse, e o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) para identificar a presença da síndrome de Burnout. A organização dos dados se dará em planilhas do Microsoft excel Windows 2010 e serão analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences versão 20.0. Os dados serão organizados em tabelas e quadros, analisados de acordo com a estatística descritiva e inferencial.
Completitude e concordância dos instrumentos da vigilância do óbito infantil: estudo transversal
Authors: Marques Lays Prazeres , Oliveira Conceição Maria de , Bonfim Cristine Vieira do 
Published: December 2016

Objetivo: avaliar a completitude e a concordância dos instrumentosde investigação da Vigilância do Óbito Infantil e Fetal. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal e censitário no qual serão analisadas todas as 183 Fichas Confidenciais e Fichas Sínteses de Investigação da Vigilância do Óbito Infantil e Fetal de menores de um ano residentes no Recife (PE) no ano de 2014. Será avaliada a completitude das variáveis da Ficha Confidencial de Investigação a partir da proporção de campos ignorados e/ou em branco. A Ficha Síntese de Investigação terá a concordância verificada por meio do Índice Kappa e do Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse. Resultados esperados: pretende-se contribuir com o aprimoramento da vigilância, com a melhoria na qualidade da assistência à saúde materno-infantil, com o aperfeiçoamento das estatísticas vitais e com a prevenção de mortes evitáveis.
Cancuén: una ciudad portuaria en el río de La Pasión
Authors: Martínez Paiz Horacio , Demarest Arthur , Andrieu Cholé , Torres Paola , Forné Melanie 
Published: December 2016

Cancuén fue una ciudad trascendental para el intercambio comercial a larga distancia durante el Clásico Tardío. Parece que fue el puerto más significativo de las Tierras Bajas mayas del sur. Múltiples hallazgos han documentado la importancia y la naturaleza internacional de este asentamiento, que constituyó la cabeza de navegación del río de La Pasión y, a la vez, el centro fronterizo sureño entre los ricos recursos del Altiplano y las ciudades de las Tierras Bajas mayas de Petén. Es más, entre el 760 a 800 d.C. Cancuén tenía un amplio acceso a la ruta de la Transversal del Norte, que corría a lo largo de la base del Altiplano guatemalteco y luego al noroeste, hasta llegar a la Costa del Golfo de México. En Cancuén, este cambio y el énfasis en la Transversal después de 750 d.C. está demostrado por cantidades significativas de cerámica de los tipos Chablekal Gris Fino y Campamento Naranja Fino procedentes de Veracruz y por la obsidiana de la fuente de Zaragoza, Puebla. Esta información ha proporcionado una clara percepción de cuáles fueron las posibles rutas de comercio y el papel de la sociedad en esta importante actividad.
Evaluation of therapy with cabergoline in men with macroprolactinoma
Authors: Andrysiak‑Mamos Elżbieta , Kaźmierczyk‑Puchalska Agnieszka , Żochowska Ewa , Sowińska-Przepiera Elżbieta , Sagan Leszek , Kojder Ireneusz , Syrenicz Anhelli 
Published: December 2016

Wstęp: Gruczolaki przysadki produkujące prolaktynę należą do najczęściej występujących hormonalnie czynnych guzów przysadki. Leczeniem z wyboru w przypadkach prolaktinoma jest leczenie farmakologiczne przy użyciu agonistów receptorów dopaminowych. Najczęściej stosowanym lekiem jest bromokryptyna charakteryzująca się jednak licznymi działaniami ubocznymi. Od kilku lat dobre efekty leczenia uzyskuje się, stosując kabergolinę – selektywnego agonistę receptora dopaminowego o przedłużonym działaniu. Celem pracy była ocena skuteczności leczenia kabergoliną mężczyzn z makroprolaktinoma na podstawie badań klinicznych, hormonalnych i radiologicznych. Materiał i metody: Badaną grupę stanowiło 10 mężczyzn w wieku 18–65 lat (średnia 41,9 ±15,01) z obecnością patologicznej masy w przysadce o wymiarach 16,7–40,5 mm (średnia 29,8 ±9,38 mm) oraz podwyższonym stężeniem prolaktyny (PRL) 37,3–4700 ng/mL (średnia 1608,2 ±1771,6 ng/mL). Stężenia PRL oraz pozostałych hormonów tropowych były oceniane po 1, 3, 6 oraz 12 miesiącach, a ocena wielkości guza była oceniana za pomocą rezonansu magnetycznego po 12 miesiącach leczenia kabergoliną.Wyniki: Leczenie kabergoliną doprowadziło u wszystkich pacjentów do ustąpienia bólów głowy, poprawy ostrości wzroku oraz wyraźnej poprawy w zakresie libido i erekcji. U 90% pacjentów uzyskano normalizację stężenia PRL już po pierwszych miesiącach leczenia. Średnie stężenia PRL wynosiły przed oraz po 1, 3, 6 i 12 miesiącach leczenia odpowiednio 1608,2 ±1771,6 ng/mL oraz 263,4 ±223,4, 136,1 ±244,7, 91,31 ±105,5 i 27,5 ±57,7 ng/mL. Stwierdzono istotne średnie zmniejszenie średnicy guza z 29,8 ±9,4 mm do 23,2 ±9,4 mm, średnio o ok. 6 mm, co stanowi 25,1% (4–48,5%). Nie stwierdzono istotnej korelacji między średnią wielkością guza o stężeniem PRL przed oraz w trakcie leczenia. Wykazano obniżone stężenie testosteronu przed leczeniem, bserwując jego stopniowy wzrost w trakcie leczenia, jednak po upływie 12 miesięcy nie uzyskano prawidłowych średnich stężeń testosteronu.Wnioski: 1. Stosowanie kabergoliny u pacjentów z makroprolaktinomą jest skuteczne w uzyskaniu normalizacji stężenia prolaktyny, jak również częściowej redukcji wielkości guza. 2. Terapia kabergoliną istotnie zmniejsza kliniczne objawy hiperprolaktynemii oraz wpływa na zmiany neurologiczne i okulistyczne związane z obecnością patologicznej zmiany w przysadce mózgowej. 3. Wielkość guza nie jest czynnikiem predykcyjnym dla efektywności leczenia kabergoliną.
Faecal microbiota transplant – prospects and safety
Authors: Bartnicka Anna , Szachta Patrycja , Gałęcka Mirosława 
Published: December 2016

Mikrobiota przewodu pokarmowego, zarówno bezpośrednio, jak i pośrednio, wpływa na zachowanie homeostazy w organizmie człowieka. Mikroorganizmy jelitowe są szczególnie istotne ze względu na ich udział w rozwoju układu immunologicznego, ochronę przed patogenami, jak również funkcje metaboliczne i troficzne. Pomimo że skuteczność probiotyków oraz prebiotyków w łagodzeniu objawów szeregu chorób gastroenterologicznych została wielokrotnie potwierdzona, to w dalszym ciągu rośnie zainteresowanie metodą transplantacji kału. Skuteczność tej terapii potwierdzono przede wszystkim w leczeniu rzekomobłoniastego zapalenia jelita grubego. Coraz częściej dyskutuje się o możliwości zastosowania tej metody w leczeniu innych chorób przebiegających z dysbiozą jelitową. Transplantacja mikroflory kałowej, z uwagi na szybki efekt terapeutyczny, minimalne ryzyko działań niepożądanych, stosunkowo niski koszt i zdolność do modulowania składu mikroflory jelitowej wydaje się wartościową, alternatywną metodę leczenia w przypadku wybranych chorób przewodu pokarmowego. Celem pracy było przedstawienie tematu transplantacji kału, w tym jego zastosowanie w leczeniu innych chorób gastroenterologicznych.
The Interaction of Asphaltenes with Solvents Water and Clays During Bitumen Extraction through Solvent-Steam Injection
Authors: Kar Taniya , Hascakir Berna 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Co-injection of solvents with steam increases the oil recovery factor and reduces significantly the environmental impact of steam injection processes. Nevertheless, the quality of the extracted bitumen is important to evaluate the process performance which is affected by the solvent-bitumen interaction. This interaction might lead to emulsion formation and asphaltene precipitation. These unfavorable flow assurance problems are associated with the behavior of asphaltenes in solvent-steam processes. Thus, it is important to observe the factors affecting the interfacial forces among asphaltenes-solvents-water prior to any field application. This work investigates the fundamental aspects of the solvent-bitumen interaction during solvent-steam injection processes. A Canadian bitumen was studied. The role of individual saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes (SARA) fractions of bitumen on solvent-steam process performance was examined both at liquid and vapor water conditions. The behavior of asphaltenes was investigated through systematic microscopic analyses with the absence and presence of reservoir rock. Also, the asphaltenes behavior after toluene (asphaltene soluble aromatic hydrocarbon) and n-pentane (asphaltene insoluble aliphatic hydrocarbon) addition was observed under the microscope. While toluene completely dissolves asphaltenes immediately, n-pentane leads to asphaltenes precipitation with bigger clusters. After these control experiments, the same tests were carried out with the addition of saturates and/or aromatics fractions of crude oil to the asphaltenes fraction. It showed that saturates lead to aggregation of asphaltene clusters at a higher rate than n-pentane, while aromatics dissolve the asphaltenes at a lower rate than toluene. Hence, it was found that the asphaltenes precipitating power of saturates is higher than n-pentane. However, results reveal that asphaltenes mainly interact with water and aromatics fraction of bitumen. The water-asphaltene interaction causes the emulsion formation and the aromatics-clay interaction is responsible for clay migration and higher amount of asphaltene precipitation. The results of this study help us to understand the factors acting upon displacement of bitumen during solvent-steam processes.
Evaluating Liquid CO2 Injection Technique for Oil Recovery Using Core Flood Experiments
Authors: Hamdi Zakaria , Awang Mariyamni , Zamani Atefeh 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
CO2 injection has been used for several decades as a successful recovery method in enhanced oil recovery. The main impact of CO2 is on lowering minimum miscibility pressure. However, the unfavorable mobility of CO2 force us to use CO2 with other methods such as water alternating gas to minimize this effect. Low temperature CO2 injection may cover the role of the water and other fluids in this process. The injection of CO2 at low temperatures open a unique opportunity to investigate the potential for usage of low temperature CO2 as an enhanced oil recovery method.
In this study, the effect of low temperature injection in a high temperature system is evaluated. Earlier studies suggested that this method could be beneficial. However, it is not verified by core flooding experiments. If proven effective, the usage of CO2 would add its advantage along with its current huge economic and environmental advantages against other EOR methods.
The results show that injection of low temperature CO2 has a direct impact on recovery factor inside a high temperature system. The main outcome of this study is the proof for the effectiveness of low temperature CO2 usage as early as a reliable secondary recovery method in macro scale without any major unfavorable effects such as early breakthrough and gravity override. This study provides an economic way to increase the recovery while minimum modifications of available techniques are needed. No chemical agents were used as the production cost should be minimized. In addition, this study provides the ability for CO2 storage which also favors other conventional methods in terms of CO2 emission.
A Novel Approach for Far-Field Stress Evaluation in Shallow Heavy Oil Formation
Authors: Ahmed Khalid , Taqi Fatma , Ahmad Fatma , Kumar Subbiah Surej , Devkar Sambhaji 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Steam injection by Cyclic Steam Stimulation (CSS) and Steamflood (SF) are the selected enhanced oil recovery methods in a Kuwait shallow formation. Initial single wells and recent 5-spot pilots for CSS has production affected by sanding issues from the unconsolidated formation. A robust reservoir geomechanical model and cap rock integrity characterization on a field scale is a prerequisite for successful design and implementation of the two target steam-based EOR techniques for commercial exploitation.
Conventional geomechanical modeling approaches normally depend on history matching of the in-situ rock failure. However, lack of quality data measurements for minimum and maximum horizontal stress was major challenge for soft sediment rock.
Unconsolidated formation have their own inherent issues. Rock being weak and soft, it has low strength, as exhibited by the unconfined compressive strength (UCS). It also has comparatively lower values for the elastic moduli. Most of the time, the Leak Off Tests (LOT) carried out in such formation lead to inconclusive and questionable interpretation, as the pressure regime used is extremely low and this leads to uncertainty in stress measurement. Any thermal EOR project in such shallow-depth and unconsolidated formation heavily relies on a competent cap rock in place, whose integrity under the combined effect of thermo-mechanical-stress can be put to severe test.
To overcome the challenges of: a) weak soft sediments having low rock strength and elastic moduli, b) uncertainty in the stress measurement, c) inconclusive interpretation of leak off tests (LOT), a novel method was suggested. An Integrated Stress Analysis (ISA) approach was used for geomechanical modeling to evaluate magnitude of horizontal stresses from advanced sonic measurements and 3D dipole radial profiles. Data can be further used for estimating rock mechanical properties, stress orientation and Transverse Isotropy of Vertical symmetry axis (TIV) parameters.
A comprehensive anisotropic geomechanical model was built from the ISA and advanced 3D sonic output, which was validated using results from independently acquired minifracs run in offset wells.
This model could accurately predict potential drilling hazards and wellbore breakout. More than 10% acoustic anisotropy in horizontal stress was also found in sand intervals, which requires more careful approach while deciding the injection parameters. Multi-well analysis and geomechanical modeling also indicated variation in horizontal stresses ratio and direction across the field.
This paper provides a new approach for stress estimation of shallow heavy oil formation demonstrating how rock can behave as anisotropic material from sonic measurements, resulting in better constrain of tectonic and effective stresses. As special tool required to conduct minifrac in each wells and it is costly, using this novel approach to estimate stress magnitude is preferred.
Production Data Management System to Enhance Collaboration and Production Surveillance, Large Steam Thermal Pilot North LSTPN KOC - Heavy Oil Field
Authors: Gonzalez S. , Al-Khamees Waleed , Abdalla A. W , Rajab S. Y. , Fadul I. , Jama A. , Hamlaoui A. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The Large Scale Steam Flood Pilot with two patterns in South Ratqa Field (Heavy Oil – North Kuwait) is considered the first of its kind in KOC and a major milestone for North Kuwait (NK) Heavy Oil Development program. The pilot program is crucial for NK Heavy Oil development plans as it will allow the evaluation of the Lower Fars Heavy Oil reservoir at close spacing, and it will assess the implication of the selected recovery process for South Ratqa (SR) field operations and project economics. In addition, the project will enable NK to: ✓Optimised production of Heavy Oil reserve through Steam Flood✓Assess well completion integrity and optimum A/L type✓Identify Cost optimization opportunities for Heavy Oil phased development
The two patterns test different schemes, one for the evaluation of 10-Acre spacing with the second for evaluation of 5-Acre spacing with inverted five spot configurations. The 10-Acre pattern consists of 13 wells (Producer/Injector) plus 7 observation wells; the 5-Acre pattern consists of 13 wells (Producer/Injector) plus 4 observation wells. All observation wells are equipped with Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) systems. Furthermore, for the first time in KOC, all wells are equipped with the thermal wellhead stack up to allow operations while injecting or prodcing. This will greatly save time, rig cost and minimize workover interventions.
Production and Reservoir engineers frequently use allocated volumes to estimate current production volumes from wells based on frequent well test data or theoretical calculations using well and reservoir characteristics.
The KOC Heavy Oil asset deployed a production data management system (PDMS) from early days of Large Steam Thermal Pilot North (LSTPN) production to establish a scalable and reliable workprocess among the organisation. The production and operations data management system manages steam injection, soaking and the production phases through data collection, quality control validation and production back allocation as well as shortfall analysis for planned and unplanned downtime events.
The new system provides main checks for the steam injection and emulsion production streams, track gathering systems functionality through time, derive the allocation networks, and produce internal and external reports.
Permanent Magnet Motor-Hydraulically Regulated-PCP PMM-HR-PCP: An Innovative Artificial Lift System for Horizontal and Deviated Wells Producing High Viscous Oil with Gas & Sand
Authors: Kommaraju Srinivas Rao , Pandey Dharmesh Chandra , Ahmad Al-Naqi , Dashti Hussain , Al-Khamees Waleed 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Sucker Rod Pump (SRP) and Progressive Cavity pumps (PCP) are two proven artificial lift methods used in horizontal wells cold production applications in a heavy oil green field in Kuwait. However, these artificial lift methods have some limitations with respect to depth, production rates, well trajectory and high viscous fluids and even more when handling gas and sand/ solids.
Other important limitation with Conventional PCP in deviated wells with significant Dog Leg Severity (DLS), is tubing/ rod wear which can result in pump failures & well interventions which will ultimately hinder production.
In view of the above issues, an innovative artificial lift system was selected, combining an Electric Submersible Permanent Magnet Motor (PMM) with a Hydraulically Regulated Progressing Cavity Pump (HRPCP) including a modified stator/ rotor geometry for better gas handling capabilities replacing the conventional PCP.
This paper presents preliminary results from a short field test of the PMM HRPCP system the first of its kind implemented on trial basis in a heavy oil green field operated by Kuwait Oil Company. This artificial lift system helped in lowering the pump intake pressure and reached the pump off condition by achieving optimal pressure distribution along the pump while pumping fluids with higher gas void fractions. This has resulted in production rate increment of 20 percent approximately, reducing the power consumption by 50 %, saving the down time for drive head maintenance and reducing oil deferment. This has ultimately resulted in optimization of OPEX (operating costs) and maximizing profit.