bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unrestricted micromorphic continuum: Curvature constraints effects
Authors: Malik Alexander , Hütter Geralf , Abendroth Martin , Kiefer Bjoern 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe properties of two‐phase materials, with the special case of foams, strongly depend on their microstructure. These structures are generally modeled with Hill homogenization methods to reduce the computational effort compared to full‐resolution simulations. For applications where the macroscopic dimensions of the structure under consideration are only a few multiples of its internal length, size effects occur, that is, the effective mechanical properties depend on the structure size. To achieve adequate homogenization, higher‐order continuum theories must then be used to account for strong gradients in mechanical quantities. The present contribution extends the classical approach with the corresponding micromorphic degrees of freedom. In contrast to previous studies in the literature, all components of the micromorphic curvature tensor are incorporated. It has shown how the individual components of the third‐order curvature tensor have to be implemented. Their effects on the structural behavior are investigated in depth.
Elevating mechanical and thermal performance on alkali‐treated pineapple/glass fibre sandwich composite
Authors: Justin Abraham Baby Sajin , Arul Sujin Jose , Thandavamoorthy Raja , Devarajan Yuvarajan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present work generated hybrid composite sandwiches by incorporating 65% epoxy resin and 35% reinforcements derived from pineapple and glass fibres. The specimens were subjected to mechanical characterization by tensile, flexural and impact examinations. Among the untreated samples, the specimens containing untreated pineapple fibres (PF) with a composition of 17% PF, 18% glass fibres (three layers) and 65% epoxy by weight (17PF/TLGF) showed the most superior mechanical characteristics. Nevertheless, specimens containing fibres treated with NaOH exhibited exceptional characteristics, attaining a tensile strength of 88.121 MPa, a flexural strength of 94.213 MPa and an impact energy of 4.1 J. These data indicate a 20% enhancement in both tensile and flexural strength as well as a 63% improvement in impact strength compared to specimens containing 35% PF and lacking glass fibres (35PF/0GF). In comparison to 17PF/TLGF, the specimens treated with NaOH exhibited a 4.34% gain in tensile strength, a 4.24% increase in flexural strength and a 9% increase in impact strength. Experimental TGA was performed on the chemically treated fibre composite specimens, specifically identified as 35PF/0GF and 17PF/TLGF. Approximately 260 °C marked the beginning of decomposition for the 35PF/0GF sample, but the 17PF/TLGF sample decomposed at roughly 310°C. In addition, the fragmented surface of the 17PF/TLGF sample was analysed using SEM. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
α,β‐C—C—C Agostic Bonding Interactions in Ruthenacyclobutane and π‐Complex Assisted Olefin Metathesis Catalyzed by Ruthenium‐Alkylidene Complexes
Authors: Mitan Carmen‐Irena , Dragutan Valerian , Filip Petru 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTComputational aspects of concerted [2+2] oxidative‐retrocycloaddition‐cycloreversion reaction through ruthenium alkylidene π‐complexes and ruthenacyclobutane with α,β‐(C—C—C) agostic bonding interactions in olefin metathesis are presented. d6‐Ruthenium carbene complexes, with ruthenium in the oxidation state +2, undergo successive [2+2] cycloaddition and cycloreversion steps, through associative, dissociative, or interchange mechanisms. This process involves coordination of the olefin to 16‐electron Ru complex followed by phosphine dissociation, or first phosphine dissociation then coordination of the olefin to the 14‐electron Ru complex with rearrangement to a ruthenacyclobutane intermediate, followed by symmetrical reverse steps. Donation of σ‐electron density from the two C—C σ‐bonds to the metal center leads to α,β‐(C—C—C) agostic bonds, which stabilized metallacyclobutane as a formally 16‐electron complex, with lower energy than the corresponding π‐complex. In the transformation from π‐complex to ruthenacyclobutane the ruthenium atom is formally oxidized to Ru(IV). The most efficient ligands are those that stabilize the high‐oxidation state metallacyclobutane (IV) intermediate relative to the ruthenium carbene.
Leveraging External Aggregated Information for the Marginal Accelerated Failure Time Model
Authors: Xie Ping , Ding Jie , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIt is becoming increasingly common for researchers to consider leveraging information from external sources to enhance the analysis of small‐scale studies. While much attention has focused on univariate survival data, correlated survival data are prevalent in epidemiological investigations. In this article, we propose a unified framework to improve the estimation of the marginal accelerated failure time model with correlated survival data by integrating additional information given in the form of covariate effects evaluated in a reduced accelerated failure time model. Such auxiliary information can be summarized by using valid estimating equations and hence can then be combined with the internal linear rank‐estimating equations via the generalized method of moments. We investigate the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator and show that it is more efficient than the conventional estimator using internal data only. When population heterogeneity exists, we revise the proposed estimation procedure and present a shrinkage estimator to protect against bias and loss of efficiency. Moreover, the proposed estimation procedure can be further refined to accommodate the non‐negligible uncertainty in the auxiliary information, leading to more trustable inference conclusions. Simulation results demonstrate the finite sample performance of the proposed methods, and empirical application on the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial substantiates its practical relevance.
Direct Utilization of Calcium Carbide with Transition Metal‐Free Condition to Synthesize of 1‐Monosubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles from Azides
Authors: Feng Liyi , Tang Tinghong , Wu Luyong , Chen Yuxue 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe utilization of calcium carbide as an acetylide specie was an increasing concern in chemical society. Under transition metal‐ and base free conditions, calcium carbide was successfully proved as the acetylide resource to synthesize 1‐monosubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles from nucleophilic addition with azides. In this reaction, aryl azides achieved corresponding 1,2,3‐triazoles in good to excellent yields, and a gram‐scale reaction of phenyl azide with calcium carbide was conducted with an excellent yield. Alkyl azides could also participate in the reaction to prepare corresponding 1,2,3‐triazoles with moderate yield. Calcium acetylide hydroxide Ca(OH)C≡CH might be the critical intermediate. The process provided a green and sustainable prospect to utilize calcium carbide resource.
Ultra‐Small Copper‐Based Multienzyme‐Like Nanoparticles Protect Against Hepatic Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury Through Scavenging Reactive Oxygen Species in Mice
Authors: Lin Cai‐Shi , He Meng‐Qi , An Meng‐Ying , Zhao Qi‐Hang , Zhang Zhou‐Hang , Deng Ke‐Yu , Ai Yongjian , Xin Hong‐Bo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHepatic ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) is a severe complication that occurs in the process of liver transplantation, hepatectomy, and other end‐stage liver disease surgery, often resulting in the failure of surgery operation and even patient death. Currently, there is no effective way to prevent hepatic IRI clinically. Here, it is reported that the ultra‐small copper‐based multienzyme‐like nanoparticles with catalase‐like (CAT‐like) and superoxide dismutase‐like (SOD‐like) catalytic activities significantly scavenge the surge‐generated endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) and effectively protects hepatic IRI. Density functional theory calculations confirm that the nanoparticles efficiently scavenge ROS through their synergistic effects of the ultra‐small copper SOD‐like activity and manganese dioxides CAT‐like activity. Furthermore, the results show that the biocompatible CMP NPs significantly protected hepatocytes from IRI in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, their therapeutic effect is much stronger than that of N‐acetylcysteamine acid (NAC), an FDA‐approved antioxidative drug. Finally, it is demonstrated that the protective effects of CMP NPs on hepatic IRI are related to suppressing inflammation and hepatocytic apoptosis and maintaining endothelial functions through scavenging ROS in liver tissues. The study can provide insight into the development of next‐generation nanomedicines for scavenging ROS.
Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Self‐Powered Gas Sensing
Authors: Zhang Dongzhi , Zhou Lina , Wu Yan , Yang Chunqing , Zhang Hao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWith the continuous acceleration of industrialization, gas sensors are evolving to become portable, wearable and environmentally friendly. However, traditional gas sensors rely on external power supply, which severely limits their applications in various industries. As an innovative and environmentally adaptable power generation technology, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) can be integrated with gas sensors to leverage the benefits of both technologies for efficient and environmentally friendly self‐powered gas sensing. This paper delves into the basic principles and current research frontiers of the TENG‐based self‐powered gas sensor, focusing particularly on innovative applications in environmental safety monitoring, healthcare, as well as emerging fields such as food safety assurance and smart agriculture. It emphasizes the significant advantages of TENG‐based self‐powered gas sensor systems in promoting environmental sustainability, achieving efficient sensing at room temperature, and driving technological innovations in wearable devices. It also objectively analyzes the technical challenges, including issues related to performance enhancement, theoretical refinement, and application expansion, and provides targeted strategies and future research directions aimed at paving the way for continuous progress and widespread applications in the field of self‐powered gas sensors.
Molten Salt‐Assisted Synthesis of Ferric Oxide/M–N–C Nanosheet Electrocatalysts for Efficient Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Lu Zhiwei , Gong Weiming , Chen Jinpeng , Guo Peng , Zhang Yingxian , Zhang Lan , Yan Minglei , Wu Chun , Sun Mengmeng , Su Gehong , Wang Wei , Wang Yanying , Ye Jianshan , Zhu Wenxin , Wang Jianlong , Rao Hanbing 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEfficient, stable, and low‐cost oxygen reduction catalysts are the key to the large‐scale application of metal–air batteries. Herein, high‐dispersive Fe2O3 nanoparticles (NPs) with abundant oxygen vacancies uniformly are anchored on lignin‐derived metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–N–C) hierarchical porous nanosheets as efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts (Fe2O3/M–N–C, M═Cu, Mn, W, Mo) based on a general and economical KCl molten salt‐assisted method. The combination of Fe with the highly electronegative O induces charge redistribution through the Fe–O–M structure, thereby reducing the adsorption energy of oxygen‐containing substances. The coupling effect of Fe2O3 NPs with M–N–C expedites the catalytic activity toward ORR by promoting proton generation on Fe2O3 and transfer to M–N–C. Experimental and theoretical calculation further revealed the remarkable electronic structure evolution of the metal site during the ORR process, where the emission density and local magnetic moment of the metal atoms change continuously throughout their reaction. The unique layered porous structure and highly active M–N4 sites resulted in the excellent ORR activity of Fe2O3/Cu–N–C with the onset potential of 0.977 V, which is superior to Pt/C. This study offers a feasible strategy for the preparation of non‐noble metal catalysts and provides a new comprehension of the catalytic mechanism of M–N–C catalysts.
Asymmetric competition for habitats between the temperate Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and the tropical Indo-Pacific eel A. marmorata
Authors: Kumai Yusuke , Kuroki Mari , Sasaki Takumi , Yamamoto Shinichi , Yamakawa Takashi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHabitat segregation is a common phenomenon among anguillids in rivers where multiple species coexist. However, despite the growing need to conserve their river habitats, the mechanisms underlying such segregation remain unknown. Here, we conducted tank experiments to investigate the competitive superiority for habitats between the temperate Japanese eel Anguilla japonica and the tropical Indo-Pacific eel Anguilla marmorata, which co-occur in East Asian subtropical rivers. Using eight interspecific pairs of these two species of comparable total length, we compared the use of a single pipe shelter, recorded over a 24-h experimental period, between solitary and paired conditions. The changes in shelter use patterns between conditions indicated that in the paired condition, the shelter was occupied by A. marmorata in five pairs (62.5%) by the end of the experiment while A. japonica appeared to occupy the shelter in only one pair (12.5%). Furthermore, agonistic behaviors, which occurred mainly at night, such as biting and head-butting, were observed much more frequently for A. marmorata toward A. japonica (mean ± standard deviation: 23.2 ± 36.6 times per individual) than for A. japonica toward A. marmorata (0.4 ± 0.5 times per individual), indicating an asymmetry in aggressiveness. These results suggest that A. marmorata can negatively affect the diurnal habitat use and nocturnal activities of sympatric A. japonica. These findings, combined with those from previous field studies, suggest that A. marmorata may competitively exclude A. japonica from stream habitats with large substrate sizes. This asymmetric competition can contribute to shaping their riverine distribution and composition within rivers where they co-occur.
The Poisson boundary of lampshuffler groups
Authors: Silva Eduardo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe study random walks on the lampshuffler group $$\textrm{FSym}(H)\rtimes H$$

FSym
(
H
)
⋊
H

, where H is a finitely generated group and $$\textrm{FSym}(H)$$

FSym
(
H
)

is the group of finitary permutations of H. We show that for any step distribution $$\mu $$
μ
with a finite first moment that induces a transient random walk on H, the permutation coordinate of the random walk almost surely stabilizes pointwise. Our main result states that for $$H=\mathbb {Z}$$

H
=
Z

, the above convergence completely describes the Poisson boundary of the random walk $$(\textrm{FSym}(\mathbb {Z})\rtimes \mathbb {Z},\mu )$$

(
FSym
(
Z
)
⋊
Z
,
μ
)

.
Implicit motor sequence learning using three-dimensional reaching movements with the non-dominant left arm
Authors: Smith Charles R. , Baird Jessica F. , Buitendorp Joelle , Horton Hannah , Watkins Macie , Stewart Jill C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInterlimb differences in reach control could impact the learning of a motor sequence that requires whole-arm movements. The purpose of this study was to investigate the learning of an implicit, 3-dimensional whole-arm sequence task with the non-dominant left arm compared to the dominant right arm. Thirty-one right-hand dominant adults completed two consecutive days of practice of a motor sequence task presented in a virtual environment with either their dominant right or non-dominant left arm. Targets were presented one-at-a-time alternating between Random and Repeated sequences. Task performance was indicated by the time to complete the sequence (response time), and kinematic measures (hand path distance, peak velocity) were used to examine how movements changed over time. While the Left Arm group was slower than the Right Arm group at baseline, both groups significantly improved response time with practice with the Left Arm group demonstrating greater gains. The Left Arm group improved performance by decreasing hand path distance (straighter path to targets) while the Right Arm group improved performance through a smaller decrease in hand path distance combined with increasing peak velocity. Gains made during practice on Day 1 were retained on Day 2 for both groups. Overall, individuals reaching with the non-dominant left arm learned the whole-arm motor sequence task but did so through a different strategy than individuals reaching with the dominant right arm. The strategy adopted for the learning of movement sequences that require whole-arm movements may be impacted by differences in reach control between the nondominant and dominant arms.
Rare presentation of primary synovial chondrosarcoma arising in the shoulder: a case report
Authors: Kawaguchi Kengo , Endo Makoto , Sagiyama Koji , Maekawa Akira , Nabeshima Akira , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Oda Yoshinao , Nakashima Yasuharu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSynovial chondrosarcoma (CHS) is a rare malignant tumor arising from the synovial tissue and is often associated with synovial chondromatosis. Herein, we present a unique case of primary synovial CHS in the shoulder joint without evidence of synovial chondromatosis. A 60-year-old man presented to our hospital with a complain of left shoulder pain that persisted for 6 years, which was initially misdiagnosed as synovitis. Radiography revealed an osteolytic lesion involving the humerus and the scapula. Histologically, the tumor exhibited features of grade 2 synovial CHS, infiltrating the trabecular bones and intra-articular space. Wide resection led to a 9-year recurrence-free survival. This case underscores the challenges in diagnosing and managing synovial CHS, particularly in cases with atypical presentations lacking synovial chondromatosis, necessitating careful follow-up and adequate surgical intervention.
Calibration of stochastic, agent-based neuron growth models with approximate Bayesian computation
Authors: Duswald Tobias , Breitwieser Lukas , Thorne Thomas , Wohlmuth Barbara , Bauer Roman 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Understanding how genetically encoded rules drive and guide complex neuronal growth processes is essential to comprehending the brain’s architecture, and agent-based models (ABMs) offer a powerful simulation approach to further develop this understanding. However, accurately calibrating these models remains a challenge. Here, we present a novel application of Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) to address this issue. ABMs are based on parametrized stochastic rules that describe the time evolution of small components–the so-called agents–discretizing the system, leading to stochastic simulations that require appropriate treatment. Mathematically, the calibration defines a stochastic inverse problem. We propose to address it in a Bayesian setting using ABC. We facilitate the repeated comparison between data and simulations by quantifying the morphological information of single neurons with so-called morphometrics and resort to statistical distances to measure discrepancies between populations thereof. We conduct experiments on synthetic as well as experimental data. We find that ABC utilizing Sequential Monte Carlo sampling and the Wasserstein distance finds accurate posterior parameter distributions for representative ABMs. We further demonstrate that these ABMs capture specific features of pyramidal cells of the hippocampus (CA1). Overall, this work establishes a robust framework for calibrating agent-based neuronal growth models and opens the door for future investigations using Bayesian techniques for model building, verification, and adequacy assessment.
Flip colouring of graphs
Authors: Caro Yair , Lauri Josef , Mifsud Xandru , Yuster Raphael , Zarb Christina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
It is proved that for integers b, r such that

$$3 \le b < r \le \left( {\begin{array}{c}b+1\\ 2\end{array}}\right) - 1$$

3
≤
b
<
r
≤

b
+
1

2

-
1

, there exists a red/blue edge-colored graph such that the red degree of every vertex is r, the blue degree of every vertex is b, yet in the closed neighbourhood of every vertex there are more blue edges than red edges. The upper bound

$$r \le \left( {\begin{array}{c}b+1\\ 2\end{array}}\right) -1$$

r
≤

b
+
1

2

-
1

is best possible for any

$$b \ge 3$$

b
≥
3

. We further extend this theorem to more than two colours, and to larger neighbourhoods. A useful result required in some of our proofs, of independent interest, is that for integers r, t such that

$$0 \le t \le \frac{r^2}{2} - 5r^{3/2}$$

0
≤
t
≤

r
2

2

-
5

r

3
/
2

, there exists an r-regular graph in which each open neighbourhood induces precisely t edges. Several explicit constructions are introduced and relationships with constant linked graphs, (r, b)-regular graphs and vertex transitive graphs are revealed.
Odor lateralization test is insensitive to small degrees of intranasal trigeminal activation
Authors: Mai Yiling , Brieke Benjamin , Hummel Thomas 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Odors with prominent trigeminal compounds are more easily localized than purely olfactory ones. However, it is still unclear whether adding a small amount of a trigeminal compound to an olfactory odor significantly improves lateralization performance.

Methods
We included 81 healthy adults aged 25.4 ± 4.8 years to complete odor lateralization tasks using 12 odors: two “olfactory”, two “trigeminal” odors, and eight odor mixtures at two low concentrations of “trigeminal” odors (4%, 8%). This task utilized a “Squeezer” delivering odor or air to either nostril, and participants indicated which nostril received the odor. Evaluations also included olfactory function, odor intensity ratings, and individual olfactory importance.

Results
Degrees of trigeminal compounds significantly affected lateralization performance (F = 82.32, p < 0.001), with 100% irritants showing higher performance than 0%, 4%, and 8% irritants (p’s < 0.001), while no significant differences were found between odors with 0%, 4%, and 8% irritants (p’s > 0.05). Chi-square tests confirmed higher percentages of above-chance lateralization with 100% irritants than with 0%, 4%, and 8% irritants (χ2 = 30.89 to 47.33, p’s < 0.001).

Conclusions
Adding a small amount of a trigeminal compound to a selective olfactory odor does not significantly improve lateralization performance. Trigeminal lateralization likely follows an “accumulative” pattern rather than an “all or none” rule. With only 20 trials, the task may lack sensitivity to detect low levels of trigeminal irritation in selective olfactory odors, though it does not rule out trigeminal activation. The odor lateralization task can screen for odors with prominent trigeminal compounds by comparing group-level performance with that of purely olfactory odors. Future studies should use more ideal stimuli (e.g., PEA for olfactory, CO2 for trigeminal) to test the replicability of the results.