bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hormonal evaluation in relation to phenotype and genotype in 286 patients with a disorder of sex development from Indonesia
Authors: Juniarto A. Zulfa , van der Zwan Yvonne G. , Santosa Ardy , Ariani Mahayu Dewi , Eggers Stefanie , Hersmus Remko , Themmen Axel P.N. , Bruggenwirth Hennie T. , Wolffenbuttel Katja P. , Sinclair Andrew , White Stefan J. , Looijenga Leendert H.J. , de Jong Frank H. , Faradz Sultana M.H. , Drop Stenvert L.S. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryObjectiveThe objective of this study was to determine the aetiological spectrum of disorders of sex development (DSD) in a large cohort of underprivileged and undiagnosed patients from Indonesia.MethodsA total of 286 patients with atypical external and/or internal genitalia were evaluated using clinical, hormonal, molecular genetic and histological parameters.ResultsThe age (years) at presentation was 0–0·5 in 41 (14·3%), >0·5–12 in 181 (63·3%) and >12 in 64 cases (22·4%). 46,XY DSD was most common (68·2%, n = 195), 46,XX DSD was found in 23·4% (n = 67) and sex chromosomal DSD in 8·4% (n = 24). In 61·2% of 46,XX DSD patients, 17·9% of 46,XY DSD patients and all sex chromosome DSD patients (29·4% in total), a final diagnosis was reached based on genetic or histological gonadal tissue evaluation. 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione levels were the most distinctive parameters in 46,XX DSD patients. In 46,XY DSD, diagnostic groups were identified based on the external masculinization score: androgen action disorder (AAD), unknown male undermasculinization (UMU), and gonadal dysgenesis (GD). LH, FSH and testosterone levels were most informative especially in the older age group. HCG tests were of no additional value as no patients with androgen synthesis disorders were found. Hormonal profiles of patients with sex chromosome DSD and a Y‐chromosome sequence containing karyotype showed high levels of LH and FSH, and low levels of AMH, inhibin B and testosterone compared with the normal male range. Gene mutations were found in all patients with CAH, but in only 24·5% and 1·8% of patients with AAD and UMU. In 32% of 46,XY GD patients, copy number variants of different genes were found.ConclusionA stepwise diagnostic approach led to a molecularly or histologically proven final diagnosis in 29·4% of the patients. The most informative parameters were serum levels of 17‐hydroxyprogesterone and androstenedione in 46,XX DSD patients, and serum LH, FSH and testosterone levels in 46,XY DSD patients.
Randomized controlled clinical pilot study of all‐ceramic single‐tooth implant reconstructions: clinical and microbiological outcomes at one year of loading
Authors: Brandenberg Francine D. , Sailer Irena , Fehmer Vincent , Büchi Dominik L. E. , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. , Thoma Daniel S. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo test whether or not pink veneering of the submucosal part of zirconia abutments influences clinical, microbiological and histological outcomes of cemented implant‐supported single crowns (ISSC).Materials and methodsA total of 20 patients with one single‐tooth implant in the esthetic zone were included. Implants were randomly restored with either pink‐veneered zirconia abutments (test group; n = 10) or non‐veneered white zirconia abutments (control group; n = 10) and with adhesively cemented all‐ceramic crowns. At the 6‐month follow‐up, soft tissue biopsies were prepared for histological evaluation and microbiological samples were collected around abutments and the respective contra‐lateral teeth (in 10 of 20 patients). One year after the initiation of loading, clinical parameters were assessed. Robust linear mixed model and cumulative linked mixed model analyses were performed to investigate the effect of group and time‐point on clinical and biological outcomes.ResultsClinical evaluations revealed stable peri‐implant soft tissues in terms of probing pocket depth, but a high BOP index (87.5% control; 80.0% test). No statistically significant differences were observed between the test and control group for any outcome measure (P > 0.05). No major biological complications occurred during the observation period. Histological samples revealed a remarkable degree of inflammation in both groups without clear differences in qualitative histological features. Microbiological evaluation demonstrated a slightly higher bacterial count at implants compared to natural teeth at one year of loading without marked differences between groups.ConclusionLimited by a small sample size and a relatively short observation period, pink‐veneered zirconia abutments exhibited similar clinical, histological and microbiological outcomes as non‐veneered zirconia abutments supporting cemented single crowns.
Measuring Graded Membership: The Case of Color
Authors: Douven Igor , Wenmackers Sylvia , Jraissati Yasmina , Decock Lieven 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper considers Kamp and Partee's account of graded membership within a conceptual spaces framework and puts the account to the test in the domain of colors. Three experiments are reported that are meant to determine, on the one hand, the regions in color space where the typical instances of blue and green are located and, on the other hand, the degrees of blueness/greenness of various shades in the blue–green region as judged by human observers. From the locations of the typical blue and typical green regions in conjunction with Kamp and Partee's account follow degrees of blueness/greenness for the color shades we are interested in. These predicted degrees are compared with the judged degrees, as obtained in the experiments. The results of the comparison support the account of graded membership at issue.
Cardiac non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma: clinical characteristics and trends in survival
Authors: Gordon Max J. , Danilova Olga , Spurgeon Stephen , Danilov Alexey V. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in cardiac non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL).MethodsA retrospective analysis of 94 cases of NHL with biopsy‐proven cardiac involvement in PubMed between 1990 and 2015.ResultsAmong cases with cardiac involvement, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma was the most common histologic subtype (58%), followed by T‐cell lymphoma (16%), Burkitt's lymphoma (9%), and small lymphocytic lymphoma (6%). Symptomatic heart failure was the most common clinical presentation (34%), and 20% of patients had no cardiac symptoms. Median survival was 3 months (range, 0–72) among all patients. Patients who presented with heart failure had inferior outcomes. Patients with primary, vs. secondary, cardiac involvement had a trend toward superior outcomes. Importantly, chemotherapy treatment was associated with a prolongation in median survival (18 vs. 1 month, HR 0.16, 95% CI, 0.47–0.54, P = 0.0003), and patients diagnosed in the chemo‐immunotherapy era demonstrated a trend toward better outcomes. Median survival was not reached among patients with B‐cell malignancies who were alive for 1 month after the diagnosis.ConclusionPathologic lymphomatous involvement of cardiac tissue should be considered in the evaluation of patients with NHL. Durable remissions can be achieved in B‐cell NHL with cardiac involvement, and thus, therapy should be considered in such cases.
Comparison of glass eel stages of American eel and speckled worm eel in a northeast Florida estuary
Authors: Bonvechio K. I. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSince 2001, a glass American eel, Anguilla rostrata (Lesueur), survey has been conducted at Guana River Dam, Florida, USA. Although present in earlier samples, glass speckled worm eel, Myrophis punctatus Lütken, were not identified until a large proportion appeared in samples in 2006. To determine whether the species could be separated in historical samples, weight–length relationships were compared between the two species. Then, with data from the full survey period, relationships between catch rate and annual percent contribution of glass speckled worm eel were explored in relation to temperature, water flow and salinity. Glass speckled worm eel were found to weigh significantly less and had distinguishing physical characteristics that could be used for identification. Glass speckled worm eel constituted between 0 and 34% of the catch, with no detectable pattern in timing or abundance among years. In 2006 and 2012, which had the two largest catches of glass speckled worm eel, relationship between nightly catch rate and measured environmental variables was inconsistent, even when measured variables had a similar range in values. It is recommended that south‐eastern, including Gulf of Mexico, USA, states restrict harvest of glass American eel to prevent the incidental capture and exportation of glass speckled worm eel. Efforts should be made to ensure proper species identification in glass eel surveys.
Privileged Mobilities: Locating the Expatriate in Migration Scholarship
Authors: Kunz Sarah 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMigrants who are privileged by citizenship, class or ‘race’ are largely still absent from mainstream migration research and theory; until recently, they were generally assumed to be adaptable and acceptable cosmopolites, positive drivers of cross‐border transfers of knowledge and skills. This has been addressed by an emerging scholarship on ‘expatriates’. This article offers a review and critical reading of that literature; it considers the instabilities and ambiguities of the term ‘expatriate’ and situates expatriate migrants within the global economy, before examining the gendered nature of expatriation and attending to migrants' incorporation in host contexts and expatriate negotiations of identity. The literature suggests that at the heart of these processes lie complex configurations of racialisation, gender, class and nationality, often involving problematic reproductions of the colonial past. This article argues that these issues are inherently related to the category's inconsistencies, rendering it difficult as a ‘category of analysis’. Instead, rather than using the term as a pre‐given conceptual frame, it needs to be treated as a ‘category of practice’ to be investigated in its own right. Especially as the subject becomes more established in migration studies, scholars need to reckon with the ongoing challenge that lies in studying the identity category ‘expatriate’ while resisting reproducing a reified understanding of it.
The Use of Antiepileptics in Migraine Prophylaxis
Authors: Bagnato Francesca , Good Janine 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundMigraine is a chronic debilitating disorder. Selected antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are proposed as preventives for migraine. Clinical efficacy and side effects of these AEDs are discussed.Summary of reviewThe American Academy of Neurology and the American Society of Headache classify topiramate (TPM) and divalproex sodium (DVPX) as Level‐A medications and recommend offering them to patients for migraine prophylaxis. Their mechanism(s) of actions remains not entirely known. Their recognized action as sodium channel blockers may affect the neural component of migraine pain.TPM or DVPX can be considered an obvious choice for those patients with a concomitant seizure disorder. Care must be taken to plan their treatment with their psychiatrist if a mood disorder is present. DVPX tends not to be prescribed as first/second choice due to its potential for weight gain and hepatotoxicity. TPM is generally first choice, but bears severe contraindications. Both medications require education on teratogenesis in childbearing women.Consideration of gabapentin, acetazolamide, leviteracetam, zonisamide, and carbamazipine may be given later as empiric options and in selected patients. Patients must be made aware that there is insufficient scientific support for their use in migraine.ConclusionsAvailable AEDs to prophylactically treat migraine are few but of robust clinical efficacy. Special care needs to be exerted with respect to their side effects. Future research is needed for a better understanding of their mechanisms of action in migraine. Such research has the potential of providing some insight into the pathophysiology of migraine.
Folate and Inflammatory Markers Moderate the Association Between Helicobacter pylori Exposure and Cognitive Function in US Adults
Authors: Berrett Andrew N. , Gale Shawn D. , Erickson Lance D. , Brown Bruce L. , Hedges Dawson W. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with cognitive deficits in humans, an association potentially mediated or moderated by folate concentration or inflammation.Materials and MethodsWe used the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets to examine whether folate concentration or inflammation mediates or moderates the relationship between H. pylori and cognitive function. Models were performed using linear, Poisson, and zero‐inflated Poisson regression, and we performed separate analyses for groups aged 20–59 and 60–90 years with sample sizes ranging from 700 to 1700.ResultsWe did not find evidence of mediation in either age group. In the 20‐ to 59‐year group, interactions between H. pylori and ferritin (p values ranging from .004 to .039) were associated with worse processing speed, better working memory, and worse reaction time. Interactions between H. pylori and fibrinogen (p values ranging from .023 to .045), C‐reactive protein (CRP) (p = .023), and the inflammatory index (p = .045) were associated with worse processing speed. In 60‐ to 90‐year‐olds, H. pylori interacted with ferritin and the inflammatory index to predict fewer mathematical errors (p values of .036 and .023). Interactions with folate (p values of .016 and .006) and C‐reactive protein (p values ranging from <.001 to .048) were inconsistent in directionality.ConclusionsIn this dataset, representative of the US population, inflammation and folate concentrations moderated but did not mediate the association between H. pylori seropositivity and cognition.
Organic farming and landscape factors affect abundance and richness of hoverflies (Diptera, Syrphidae) in grasslands
Authors: Power Eileen F. , Jackson Zoë , Stout Jane C. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Hoverflies provide ecosystem services including pollination, pest regulation and waste decomposition, but not enough is known about how they are influenced by organic farming and landscape composition, and structure to effectively manage them in different landscapes.

By conducting transect walks and pan‐trapping, we investigated how hoverfly abundance/richness were related to organic farming, floral abundance, land‐use cover and hedgerows in nine pairs of organic and conventional dairy farms in the Republic of Ireland.

We found more flowers on organic farms which attracted more hoverfly species. Organic farming also increased hoverfly abundance and richness beyond the benefits from increased floral resources, indicating that other organic management practices benefit hoverflies. This was evident regardless of the surrounding landscape composition.

Hoverfly abundance and richness were most strongly related to land use within 4 km around sites, indicating the importance of large spatial scales. Homogenous grassland landscapes (i.e. high grassland cover) supported higher hoverfly abundance and richness, possibly because they contain abundant macrohabitats suitable for the proliferation of grassland hoverflies. Hedgerow structure was also important, with hoverfly abundances greater on sites surrounded by a higher total cover of hedgerows, but with lower total hedgerow lengths (i.e. greater hedgerow volumes) within 1 km.

Our findings illustrate complex relationships between hoverflies and local and landscape factors, and they contrast with previous findings for other pollinators. We encourage increased floral resources and organic farming as a means of conserving hoverflies in grassland systems. Future management of grassland hoverflies needs to account for large spatial scales and the possibility that hedgerows greatly impact hoverfly diversity in hedgerow‐dominated landscapes.
The effects of different levels of brush end rounding on gingival abrasion: a double‐blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Hennequin‐Hoenderdos NL , Slot DE , Van der Sluijs E , Adam R , Grender JM , Van der Weijden GA 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of filament end rounding on gingival abrasions (GAs).MethodsThe study was a crossover, split‐mouth, contra‐lateral, double‐blinded, randomized design using professional brushing. Three manual toothbrushes, with 0%, 40–50% and >90% end‐rounded filaments, were investigated. Participants refrained from all oral hygiene procedures for 48 h prior to each of the three visits. Prior to brushing, oral soft tissue (OST) and GAs were assessed. Based on the randomization, during every visit contra‐lateral quadrants were brushed with one of the three test brushes. After brushing, GAs were re‐assessed. The means of the GAs prebrushing and post‐brushing and differences per brush were calculated. Subanalyses were performed based on the size of the abrasion and its location.ResultsA total of 46 generally healthy participants without periodontitis completed the study and provided a full data set. All brushes had statistically significant increases of abrasions following their use (P < 0.001). Non‐end‐rounded brushes provided significantly more GAs than did the 40–50% and the >90% brushes (P ≥ 0.001). A subanalysis showed that significantly more small‐sized (P ≥ 0.002) abrasions located at the gingival margin (P < 0.001) occurred when a non‐end‐rounded brush was used. No significant differences were found between the 40–50% and >90% end‐rounded brushes in any of the analyses. OST deviations were not observed.ConclusionsBased on the results of this experiment involving professional brushing, it can be concluded that 40–50% or greater end‐rounded filaments can provide a significant reduction in gingival abrasions compared to non‐end‐rounded filaments.
EV‐D68 infection in children with asthma exacerbation and pneumonia in Mexico City during 2014 autumn
Authors: Vazquez‐Perez Joel A. , Ramirez‐Gonzalez Jose E. , Moreno‐Valencia Yazmin , Hernandez‐Hernandez Victor A. , Romero‐Espinoza Jose A. I. , Castillejos‐Lopez Manuel , Hernandez Andres , Perez‐Padilla Rogelio , Oropeza‐Lopez Lizbeth E. , Escobar‐Escamilla Noe , Gonzalez‐Villa Maribel , Alejandre‐Garcia Alejandro , Regalado‐Pineda Justino , Santillan‐Doherty Patricio , Lopez‐Martínez Irma , Diaz‐Quiñonez Alberto , Salas‐Hernandez Jorge 
Published: March 2016

BackgroundHuman enterovirus D68 (EV‐D68) recently caused an increase in mild‐to‐severe pediatric respiratory cases in North America and some European countries. Even though few of these children presented with acute paralytic disease, direct causal relationship cannot yet be assumed.ObjectivesThe purposes of this report were to describe the clinical findings of an outbreak of EV‐D68 infection in Mexico City and identify the genetic relationship with previously reported strains.Patients/MethodsBetween September and December 2014, 126 nasopharyngeal samples (NPS) of hospitalized children <15 years of age with ARI were tested for the presence of respiratory viruses using a multiplex RT‐qPCR and EV‐D68‐specific RT‐qPCR. Clinical, epidemiological, and demographic data were collected and associated with symptomatology and viral infections. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using VP1 region.ResultsEnterovirus/rhinovirus infection was detected in 40 patients (31·7%), of which 24 patients were EV‐D68‐positive. EV‐D68 infection prevailed over September and October 2014 and was associated with neutrophilia and lymphopenia, and patients were more likely to develop hypoxemia. Phylogenetic analyses showed that Mexican EV‐D68 belongs to the new B1 clade.ConclusionsThis is the first EV‐D68 outbreak described in Mexico and occurred few weeks after the United States reported similar infections. Although EV‐D68 belongs to new B1 clade, no neurological affection was observed.
Life history of the freshwater mussel Unio tumidiformis (Bivalvia: Unionidae) in a temporary Mediterranean‐type stream
Authors: Reis Joaquim , Araujo Rafael 
Published: March 2016

AbstractMediterranean‐type streams are characterized by great seasonal and annual variation in flow. We studied the biology of the freshwater mussel Unio tumidiformis in such a stream, the Vascão River in southern Portugal, during a period of great interannual variation in hydrology. We studied growth patterns of the mussels between 2002–2008, and the reproductive cycle between 2005–2006. Life‐history parameters were calculated and related to environmental variables and fish community patterns. Mark–recapture growth data confirmed that observed annuli were formed annually and are therefore reliable for use in growth studies of U. tumidiformis. The von Bertalanffy growth constant K and the asymptotic length L∞ were negatively correlated. K varied between 0.20 and 0.58 and was positively correlated with factors related to eutrophication. The maximum observed age was 7 years, and the maximum observed length was 52 mm. There was no apparent sexual dimorphism, and sexual maturity was reached at the age of 2 years. Fecundity was low, between 1500–15000 glochidia per female, and positively correlated with body length. Only one annual gametogenic cycle was identified, leading to a short‐term reproductive period in spring (tachyticity). The reproductive cycle was similar in the two years sampled, between which hydrology and water quality differed greatly. The presence of glochidia was synchronized with the period when the proportion of fish hosts (genus Squalius) was higher in the fish community. Unio tumidiformis seems to be well adapted to the natural variability in flow in temporary Mediterranean‐type streams. Modifications of the natural flow regime caused by climate change or increased water exploitation may lead to rapid declines in mussel populations.
Who are the top contributors in a MOOC? Relating participants' performance and contributions
Authors: Alario‐Hoyos C. , Muñoz‐Merino P. J. , Pérez‐Sanagustín M. , Delgado Kloos C. , Parada G. H. A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe role of social tools in massive open online courses (MOOCs) is essential as they connect participants. Of all the participants in an MOOC, top contributors are the ones who more actively contribute via social tools. This article analyses and reports empirical data from five different social tools pertaining to an actual MOOC to characterize top contributors and provide some insights aimed at facilitating their early detection. The results of this analysis show that top contributors have better final scores than the rest. In addition, there is a moderate positive correlation between participants' overall performance (measured in terms of final scores) and the number of posts submitted to the five social tools. This article also studies the effect of participants' gender and scores as factors that can be used for the early detection of top contributors. The analysis shows that gender is not a good predictor and that taking the scores of the first assessment activities of each type (test and peer assessment in the case study) results in a prediction that is not substantially improved by adding subsequent activities. Finally, better predictions based on scores are obtained for aggregate contributions in the five social tools than for individual contributions in each social tool.