bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of an oral small‐molecule glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist, lotiglipron, for type 2 diabetes and obesity: A dose‐ranging, phase 2, randomized, placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Amin Neeta B. , Frederich Robert , Tsamandouras Nikolaos , Haggag Amina Z. , Schuster Tilman , Zmuda Witold , Palmer Alexandra , Vasas Szilard , Buckley Gina , Smith Timothy R. , DuBrava Sarah J. , Zhu Qi , Johnson Margot 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimThe aim was to investigate the effects of lotiglipron, a once‐daily, oral small‐molecule glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) receptor agonist, in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) or obesity.Materials and MethodsA phase 2, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, dose‐ranging study investigated the efficacy and safety of lotiglipron. The study was terminated early for safety reasons after routine data and monitoring review. The planned analyses for the end points were modified prior to unblinding the study.ResultsIn total, 901 participants were treated with at least one dose of the study drug (T2D cohort: n = 512, obesity cohort: n = 389). Although the majority of participants who were randomly assigned to higher doses did not reach their target maintenance dose, statistically significant changes in HbA1c and body weight were observed. In the T2D cohort, reductions in HbA1c were observed across all lotiglipron doses at week 16 (p < 0.0001), with least squares mean decreases up to −1.44% (90% confidence interval [CI]: −1.63, −1.26) (lotiglipron 80 mg), versus placebo, −0.07% (90% CI: −0.25, 0.11). In the obesity cohort, decreases in body weight were observed across all lotiglipron doses at week 20 (p < 0.01), up to −7.47% (90% CI: −8.50, −6.43) (lotiglipron 200 mg, five‐step titration), versus placebo, −1.84% (90% CI: −2.85, −0.83). Across cohorts, the most frequently reported treatment‐emergent adverse events were gastrointestinal related (most mild to moderate severity), with nausea being the most common (ranging from 4% [placebo] to 28.8% [80 mg] in the T2D cohort and 12.5% [placebo] to 60.6% [200 mg, four‐step titration] in the obesity cohort). Transaminase elevations were observed in a subset of participants (6.6% and 6.0% of participants on lotiglipron in the T2D and obesity cohorts, respectively, compared with 1.6% on placebo in the obesity cohort).ConclusionsThe efficacy (HbA1c and/or body weight) of a range of lotiglipron doses was demonstrated in T2D and obesity cohorts. The safety profile was largely consistent with what has been previously known about the mechanism of action. Our results are unique in reporting elevations in liver transaminases in a subset of participants treated with lotiglipron, with attempts to identify the at‐risk population unsuccessful and therefore clinical development of lotiglipron terminated.ClinicalTrials.govNCT05579977.
Association of non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol/high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio with cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from the ACCORD cohort
Authors: Liu Maojun , Pei Junyu , Zeng Cheng , Xin Ying , Zhang Yifeng , Tang Peiqi , Deng Simin , Hu Xinqun 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimTo explore the association between the non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C)/HDL‐C ratio (NHHR) and the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and overall mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Materials and MethodsNHHR, calculated as (total cholesterol – HDL‐C)/HDL‐C, was evaluated in 10,188 participants. Cox proportional hazard regression models were employed to assess the association of NHHR with future risk of MACEs and overall mortality. Restricted cubic spline analysis, smooth curve fitting and piecewise regression models were utilized to explore the non‐linear correlation and establish the threshold. Subgroup and interaction analyses verified the robustness of the findings. The area under the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve assessed the additional predictive value of NHHR beyond conventional risk factors.ResultsAfter adjusting for confounding factors, each 1‐unit increase in NHHR was associated with a 12% increased risk of MACEs (hazard ratio [HR]: 1.12, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.07–1.16; p < 0.0001), a 5% increase in overall mortality (HR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01–1.10; p = 0.0256), a 10% increase in cardiovascular disease mortality (HR 1.10, 95% CI: 1.03–1.18; p = 0.0074), an 12% increase in non‐fatal myocardial infarction (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.05–1.18; p = 0.0002), and an 11% increase in non‐fatal stroke (HR: 1.11, 95% CI: 1.02–1.20; p = 0.0123). Analyses showed a non‐linear relationship between NHHR and MACEs in patients with T2DM (non‐linearity p < 0.001). A two‐stage linear regression model identified a threshold for MACEs at 6.28. Integration NHHR into the conventional model significantly enhanced predictive accuracy for MACEs.ConclusionsNHHR is a predictor of the risk of developing MACEs and overall mortality in patients with T2DM, with higher NHHR values independently associated with increased future MACE risks after full adjustment for confounders.
A Case of Invasive Thymoma Complicated by Multiple Metastases
Authors: An Yuqiong , Nie Fang 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThymoma is a relatively uncommon thoracic solid tumor, and considered to possess malignant potential. Usually, the lung, pleura, and mediastinum are the most frequently affected sites for metastasis in thymoma. However, the thymoma presenting simultaneous intrathoracic and extrathoracic metastases are exceedingly rare. Herein, we present an exceptionally uncommon case of invasive thymoma with multiple metastases. Furthermore, our case underscores the indispensable role of multimodality imaging in confirming the primary diagnosis and guiding treatment decisions.
Cerebellar dysfunction in the mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: An electrophysiological and behavioural study
Authors: Prigogine Cynthia , Ruiz Javier Marquez , Cebolla Ana Maria , Deconinck Nicolas , Servais Laurent , Gailly Philippe , Dan Bernard , Cheron Guy 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPatients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) commonly show specific cognitive deficits in addition to a severe muscle impairment caused by the absence of dystrophin expression in skeletal muscle. These cognitive deficits have been related to the absence of dystrophin in specific regions of the central nervous system, notably cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs). Dystrophin has recently been involved in GABAA receptors clustering at postsynaptic densities, and its absence, by disrupting this clustering, leads to decreased inhibitory input to PC. We performed an in vivo electrophysiological study of the dystrophin‐deficient muscular dystrophy X‐linked (mdx) mouse model of DMD to compare PC firing and local field potential (LFP) in alert mdx and control C57Bl/10 mice. We found that the absence of dystrophin is associated with altered PC firing and the emergence of fast (~160–200 Hz) LFP oscillations in the cerebellar cortex of alert mdx mice. These abnormalities were not related to the disrupted expression of calcium‐binding proteins in cerebellar PC. We also demonstrate that cerebellar long‐term depression is altered in alert mdx mice. Finally, mdx mice displayed a force weakness, mild impairment of motor coordination and balance during behavioural tests. These findings demonstrate the existence of cerebellar dysfunction in mdx mice. A similar cerebellar dysfunction may contribute to the cognitive deficits observed in patients with DMD.
Prognostic impact of intracranial arteriosclerosis subtype after endovascular treatment for acute ischaemic stroke
Authors: Sierra‐Gómez Alicia , Ramos‐Araque María Esther , Luijten Sven P. R. , de Lera Alfonso Mercedes , Calleja Ana , Valle‐Peñacoba Gonzalo , Gómez‐Vicente Beatriz , Reyes Javier , Martínez‐Galdámez Mario , Galván Jorge , Schüller‐Arteaga Miguel , Sánchez Lorenzo Pérez , Bos Daniel , Arenillas Juan F. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeThe influence of intracranial arteriosclerosis (ICAR) on acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) prognosis is unclear. This study explored its impact, focusing on ICAR subtypes categorized by intracranial carotid artery calcification (ICAC) patterns: intimal or atherosclerotic versus internal elastic lamina calcification or non‐atherosclerotic. The aim was to determine their effect on AIS prognosis in patients undergoing endovascular treatment (EVT).MethodsThis prospective cohort study included consecutive AIS patients with anterior circulation large vessel occlusion undergoing EVT. ICAC, the hallmark of ICAR, was assessed using non‐contrast computed tomography to quantify volume and establish the predominant ICAR subtype. The primary outcome was long‐term functional outcome, measured by the 90‐day modified Rankin Scale score. Secondary outcomes included first‐pass effect, revascularization degree, symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage and 24‐h infarct volume. Multivariate‐adjusted linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the association of ICAC volume and subtype with these outcomes.ResultsFrom January 2021 to February 2022, 181 patients were included, of whom 172 (95%) had ICAC. Internal elastic lamina calcification was the predominant subtype in 103 (57%), intimal in 52 (29%) and mixed in 17 (9%). The intimal or atherosclerotic ICAC pattern was linked to poorer functional outcomes (adjusted odds ratio 2.12, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10–4.09), decreased first‐pass effect probability (adjusted odds ratio 0.42, 95% CI 0.21–0.84) and higher infarct volume (adjusted β value 22.11, 95% CI 0.55–43.67).ConclusionsA predominant intimal ICAC subtype, linked to underlying atherosclerosis, correlated with larger infarct volume and poorer 90‐day functional outcomes in EVT‐treated AIS patients. Intracranial atherosclerosis appears to be a relevant factor hampering clinical benefits post‐EVT.
Novel fungal placentitis with megaallantoic and megaamniotic vesicles in a mare
Authors: Wittorff A. , Carr K. , Narayanan S. , Cino‐Ozuna A. G. , Snider T. A. , Kelley D. , Holyoak G. R. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryThis case describes a mare with fungal placentitis of a novel aetiology with megaallantoic and megaamniotic vesicles in a late gestation pregnancy and subsequent fetal death. Management of the case revealed decreased fetal movement apparently due to the vesicles' large size. Pathological investigation of the fetal membranes and fetus showed severe fungal placentitis by Curvularia and Bipolaris spp., both saprophytic fungi never previously described in literature as aetiologic agents of placentitis in mares. Full consequence of the vesicles' relation to the placentitis and involvement in fetal death have yet to be determined or completely understood.
Contextual embedded text summarizer system: A hybrid approach
Authors: Kherwa Pooja , Arora Jyoti , Sharma Tripti , Gupta Deepali , Juneja Sapna , Muhammad Ghulam , Nauman Ali 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSelecting crucial sentences from a document is a pivotal task in automatic text summarization systems. Abstractive summarization involves rephrasing key content through advanced natural language techniques, generating a concise, new text conveying critical information. Conversely, extractive summarization reproduces important material from the original text. In the proposed method, a hybrid ensemble approach combines BERTsum for extractive summarization and Longformer2Roberta for abstractive summarization for generating a contextual semantic rich summary for a huge collection of text. These proposed system‐generated summaries were evaluated against reference summaries using the ROUGE package at three rouge levels (Rouge‐1, Rouge‐2, and Rouge‐L). The Proposed contextual embedded hybrid text summarization model has shown significant performance improvement in multiple levels of Rouge score and word mover distance (WMD) of generated summary with a reference summary. The proposed hybrid model demonstrates superior performance over existing state‐of‐the‐art summarizing models on three distinct datasets CNN dataset, WikiSum, and Gigaword dataset. The proposed hybrid model as a text summarizer involves leveraging its capabilities to process longer sequences of text with domain‐specific contextual summaries. This transformers‐based text summarization model has great potential in developing expert systems in various research domains such as health decision support systems, the education sector, customer support chatbots, financial analysis investment recommendations, and financial assistance.
The Effect of Knowledge Sharing on Innovative Work Behaviour at Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Kim Juhee , Prempeh Agyemang Amofa , Addai Emmanuel Kyeremeh , Wargo Elizabeth 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study delves into the impact of knowledge sharing on innovative work behaviour within higher education institutions in Ghana, utilising data gathered from 285 participants. Employing a quantitative approach and utilising a descriptive‐correlational research design, this research reveals a consistently high level of innovative work behaviour. All dimensions of innovative work behaviour, including idea promotion, idea generation, and idea implementation, received notably high scores. Likewise, the sub‐components of knowledge sharing, namely the community of practice, organisational communication, personal interaction, and written contribution, were rated as high within these institutions. The study establishes a significant positive correlation between knowledge sharing and innovative work behaviour (β = 0.88, p = 0.00). The study advocates for promoting knowledge‐sharing mechanisms within higher education institutions, fostering an environment that facilitates seamless knowledge exchange amongst all members.
Racial attitudes and perceptions of police misconduct: The case for racial empathy
Authors: Baranauskas Andrew J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study examines the association between racial attitudes and perceptions of police misconduct in the US, focusing on racial empathy as a form of positive racial sentiment that may work alongside racial resentment to shape public views on police bias and use of force. Using data from the 2020 American National Election Studies (ANES) time series survey, an exploratory factor analysis demonstrates that racial empathy and racial resentment are distinct constructs. Multivariate regression analyses indicate that respondents with racial empathy are more likely to believe that police treat white people better than they treat Black people and that police frequently use more force than necessary. Respondents with racial resentment are less likely to believe these perceptions. Racial empathy is a racial attitude that can shape attitudes towards crime and justice. Future research should consider racial empathy in investigating ways that racial attitudes shape public opinion on crime and justice policy.
Experimental study on mechanical and thermal insulation properties of a geopolymer‐based fireproof sandwich panel
Authors: Pei Rui , Hua Luqing , Zhao Hu , Wang Xin , Li Shiyang , Wu Zhishen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work created a fireproof sandwich structure in which the face sheets were made of expanded vermiculite and expanded perlite‐filled geopolymer composites and embedded basalt fiber mats and the core material was rock wool in designing the lightweight and cost‐effective fire‐resistant structure for steel bridges with excellent retardant and heat‐insulating performance. The effects of adding 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% expanded vermiculite and expanded perlite to the geopolymer on mechanical properties and the thermal conductivity were investigated to obtain the optimized material mixtures for preparing the face‐sheets material of the sandwich panel. Then, the fireproof sandwich structures were fabricated and exposed to 800°C for 3 h to study the structural integrity, backfire side temperature, and mass loss ratio. The results indicated that adding 10 wt% expanded vermiculite and 10 wt% expanded perlite to the geopolymer achieved the retention of compressive strength of 66.5% after being exposed to 800°C, and the geopolymer mixtures showed a low thermal conductivity of 0.1942 W/(mK). The TOPSIS evaluation analysis reveals that the proposed fireproof sandwich panel had the highest integrated performance considering the structural weight, insulation properties, and cost. The findings of this work may provide some insights into fireproof and insulating applications in bridge engineering.
Superior energy storage performance in NaNbO3‐based lead‐free ceramics under low electric field
Authors: Liu Kun , Peng Ping , Lv Zhongqian , Nie Hengchang , Wang Genshui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNaNbO3 (NN)‐based materials have attracted widespread attention due to their advanced energy storage performance and eco‐friendliness. However, achieving high recoverable energy storage densities (Wrec) and efficiency (η) typically requires ultrahigh electric fields (E > 300 kV/cm), which can limit practical use. In this work, we present a synergistic strategy that employs the ferroelectric material Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) to augment the Pmax and the linear material Bi0.2Sr0.7TiO3 (BST) to optimize the P–E loops. Furthermore, a two‐step sintering process is implemented to preserve high Pmax values under lower electric field. As a result, ternary (1−x)(0.90NN‐0.10BNT)‐xBST was successfully prepared, achieving a high Wrec of 5.1 J/cm3 and a η of 85% in x = 0.20 samples at a low electric field of 290 kV/cm. Moreover, the x = 0.20 samples showed good frequency stability (1–200 Hz) and temperature stability (27°C–100°C). These results provide guidance for the development of ceramics with high energy storage properties under low electric fields.
Effect of shared decision‐making model on the management of diabetes high‐risk groups
Authors: Wang Qiu‐shi , Yue Xiao‐dong , Ma Yan , Zhou Zhi‐guang , Li Fen , Zhang Yi‐ling , Duan Wei‐yu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectiveA shared decision‐making (SDM) model‐based intervention programme was implemented for a population at high risk for diabetes to explore its effectiveness in intervening with blood glucose levels in this population.MethodsOne hundred residents were selected according to the principle of voluntary participation and divided into the intervention group (n = 50) and the control group (n = 50) by using multistage cluster sampling. The control group received only brief diabetes knowledge education through a disease brochure issued by the hospital; the intervention group implemented a SDM model based on large classroom and individualised education for 4 months. Univariate analysis and generalised estimating equation fitting model were used to analyse the effect of intervention on blood glucose parameters in the study subjects.ResultsUnivariate analysis showed that after 4 months of intervention, fasting blood glucose was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (5.57 ± 0.56 vs. 6.07 ± 0.77, F = 45.721, p < 0.001); glycosylated hemoglobin was lower in the intervention group than in the control group (5.91 ± 0.28 vs. 6.02 ± 0.24, F = 25.998, p < 0.001), decreased by 0.26% in the intervention group and increased by 0.01% in the control group. One‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin in the intervention group decreased to different extents from baseline. The generalised estimation equation was fitted with the intervention programme, gender, hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, age, waist circumference, body mass index, baseline fasting blood glucose, and baseline glycosylated hemoglobin as independent variables, and fasting blood glucose and baseline glycosylated hemoglobin as dependent variables. Results showed that compared with the control group, fasting blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.001).ConclusionApplying an intervention programme based on SDM model to people at high risk of diabetes can improve patients' adherence to self‐management and establish a good lifestyle, thus contributing to their good glycemic control.
Impact of text message reminders on immunosuppressive medication adherence among kidney transplant recipients: A randomized controlled study
Authors: Erdal Kübra , Karazeybek Ebru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundOne of the most common problems encountered in transplant patients is nonadherence with immunosuppressive drugs, one of the most important reasons for graft rejection.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the impact of text message reminders on medication adherence among kidney transplant recipients.DesignA randomized controlled trial.ParticipantsThe study was conducted from January to October 2021. This study included a total of 100 patients receiving a kidney transplant, 50 in the intervention group and 50 in the control group.MeasurementsPatients in the intervention group were sent text message reminders four times a day during the 6th–9th months after transplantation. Control patients received no such intervention. Tacrolimus concentrations in the bloodstream were monitored for all participants through measurements taken at Months 7, 8 and 9. Data collection tools included Sociodemographic Form and Immunosuppressive Medication Adherence Scale.ResultsPatients were homogeneously distributed among the groups. Sending daily text message reminders to transplant recipients caused an independent positive effect on medication adherence scale scores at the end of the study. Mean pretest medication adherence score of all patients was 45.18 ± 4.22 and posttest score was 47.4 ± 3.6. The intervention group exhibited a significantly higher mean posttest adherence score compared to controls, with values of 48.68 ± 2.58 and 45.62 ± 4.42, respectively (p < 0.001). Findings demonstrated a substantial improvement in the final medication adherence scores of transplant patients when they received daily Short Message Service reminders, acting as an independent factor (β = 0.356, p < 0.001).ConclusionSending text message reminders to kidney transplant recipients is a statistically and clinically effective intervention to improve immunosuppressive medication adherence.