bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Procedure of NDT Instruments Qualification Tests. Classification of Ultrasonic Testing Devices
Authors: Окунев  , Okunev Denis , Тульский  , Tulskiy Mikhail , Литвинов  , Litvinov Ivan 
Published: December 2015

Introduction. Qualification tests are carried out with the aim to understand real possibilities of NDT instruments to detect defects as well as calculate measurement errors at size measurements.
Method. Previous experience has shown that it is impossible to obtain defects with given parameters only by changing welding conditions. Defects were made mechanically or with electroerosive method. Size measurements were fulfilled with X-Ray tomograph; its measurement accuracy was confirmed by the results of metallographic study.
Results. 18 types of UT instruments have been tested on 5 types of weld grooving. Tests were fulfilled in accordance with DNV-OS-F-101 and DNV-RP-F118 standards. Welds’ unfoldings with indications of detected defects have been presented as well as average values and dispersion of absolute errors of defect parameters measuring. Classifications of UT instruments have been proposed – according to testing hardware implementation and to the methodology of ultrasound application. The results of NDT instruments qualification tests fulfilled in 2014 were used as the basis.
Conclusions. The fulfilled tests have made it possible to determine acceptability of each instrument for pipelines construction and repair.
Impact of a dedicated emergency surgical unit on early laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis
Authors: Bokhari S , Walsh U , Qurashi K , Liasis L , Watfah J , Sen M , Gould S 
Published: December 2015

Introduction Emergency general surgery (EGS) accounts for 50% of the surgical workload, and yet outcomes are variable and poorly recorded. The management of acute cholecystitis (AC) at a dedicated emergency surgical unit (ESU) was assessed as a performance target for EGS. Methods The outcomes for AC admissions were compared one year before and after inception of the ESU. The impact on cost and compliance with national guidance recommending early laparoscopic cholecystectomy (ELC) within seven days of diagnosis was assessed. Results The overall ELC rate increased from 26% for the 126 patients admitted in the pre-ESU period to 45% for the 152 patients admitted in the post-ESU period (p=0.001). With those unsuitable for ELC excluded, the ELC rate increased from 34% to 82% (p<0.001). The proportion of patients precluded from ELC for avoidable reasons, particularly owing to ‘surgeon preference/skill’, was reduced from 69% to 18% (p<0.001). The mean total length of stay (LOS) and postoperative LOS fell by 1.7 days (from 8.3 to 6.6 days, p=0.040) and 2 days (from 5.6 to 3.6 days, p=0.020) respectively. The higher ELC rate and the reduction in LOS produced additional tariff income (£111,930) and estimated savings in bed day (£90,440) and readmission (£27,252) costs. Conclusions A dedicated ESU incorporating national recommendations for EGS improves alignment of best practice with best evidence and can also result in financial rewards for a busy district general hospital.
Perceptual Integration Deficits in Autism Spectrum Disorders Are Associated with Reduced Interhemispheric Gamma-Band Coherence
Authors: Peiker Ina , David Nicole , Schneider Till R. , Nolte Guido , Schöttle Daniel , Engel Andreas K. 
Published: December 2015

The integration of visual details into a holistic percept is essential for object recognition. This integration has been reported as a key deficit in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The weak central coherence account posits an altered disposition to integrate features into a coherent whole in ASD. Here, we test the hypothesis that such weak perceptual coherence may be reflected in weak neural coherence across different cortical sites. We recorded magnetoencephalography from 20 adult human participants with ASD and 20 matched controls, who performed a slit-viewing paradigm, in which objects gradually passed behind a vertical or horizontal slit so that only fragments of the object were visible at any given moment. Object recognition thus required perceptual integration over time and, in case of the horizontal slit, also across visual hemifields. ASD participants were selectively impaired in the horizontal slit condition, indicating specific difficulties in long-range synchronization between the hemispheres. Specifically, the ASD group failed to show condition-related enhancement of imaginary coherence between the posterior superior temporal sulci in both hemispheres during horizontal slit-viewing in contrast to controls. Moreover, local synchronization reflected in occipitocerebellar beta-band power was selectively reduced for horizontal compared with vertical slit-viewing in ASD. Furthermore, we found disturbed connectivity between right posterior superior temporal sulcus and left cerebellum. Together, our results suggest that perceptual integration deficits co-occur with specific patterns of abnormal global and local synchronization in ASD.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe weak central coherence account proposes a tendency of individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) to focus on details at the cost of an integrated coherent whole. Here, we provide evidence, at the behavioral and the neural level, that visual integration in object recognition is impaired in ASD, when details had to be integrated across both visual hemifields. We found enhanced interhemispheric gamma-band coherence in typically developed participants when communication between cortical hemispheres was required by the task. Importantly, participants with ASD failed to show this enhanced coherence between bilateral posterior superior temporal sulci. The findings suggest that visual integration is disturbed at the local and global synchronization scale, which might bear implications for object recognition in ASD.
Bidirectional Signaling of Neuregulin-2 Mediates Formation of GABAergic Synapses and Maturation of Glutamatergic Synapses in Newborn Granule Cells of Postnatal Hippocampus
Authors: Lee Kyu-Hee , Lee Hyunsu , Yang Che Ho , Ko Jeong-Soon , Park Chang-Hwan , Woo Ran-Sook , Kim Joo Yeon , Sun Woong , Kim Joung-Hun , Ho Won-Kyung , Lee Suk-Ho 
Published: December 2015

Expression of neuregulin-2 (NRG2) is intense in a few regions of the adult brain where neurogenesis persists; however, little is understood about its role in developments of newborn neurons. To study the role of NRG2 in synaptogenesis at different developmental stages, newborn granule cells in rat hippocampal slice cultures were labeled with retrovirus encoding tetracycline-inducible microRNA targeting NRG2 and treated with doxycycline (Dox) at the fourth or seventh postinfection day (dpi). The developmental increase of GABAergic postsynaptic currents (GPSCs) was suppressed by the early Dox treatment (4 dpi), but not by late treatment (7 dpi). The late Dox treatment was used to study the effect of NRG2 depletion specific to excitatory synaptogenesis. The Dox effect on EPSCs emerged 4 d after the impairment in dendritic outgrowth became evident (10 dpi). Notably, Dox treatment abolished the developmental increases of AMPA-receptor mediated EPSCs and the AMPA/NMDA ratio, indicating impaired maturation of glutamatergic synapses. In contrast to GPSCs, Dox effects on EPSCs and dendritic growth were independent of ErbB4 and rescued by concurrent overexpression of NRG2 intracellular domain. These results suggest that forward signaling of NRG2 mediates GABAergic synaptogenesis and its reverse signaling contributes to dendritic outgrowth and maturation of glutamatergic synapses.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe hippocampal dentate gyrus is one of special brain regions where neurogenesis persists throughout adulthood. Synaptogenesis is a critical step for newborn neurons to be integrated into preexisting neural network. Because neuregulin-2 (NRG2), a growth factor, is intensely expressed in these regions, we investigated whether it plays a role in synaptogenesis and dendritic growth. We found that NRG2 has dual roles in the development of newborn neurons. For GABAergic synaptogenesis, the extracellular domain of NRG2 acts as a ligand for a receptor on GABAergic neurons. In contrast, its intracellular domain was essential for dendritic outgrowth and glutamatergic synapse maturation. These results imply that NRG2 may play a critical role in network integration of newborn neurons.
The Occipital Face Area Is Causally Involved in Facial Viewpoint Perception
Authors: Kietzmann Tim C. , Poltoratski Sonia , König Peter , Blake Randolph , Tong Frank , Ling Sam 
Published: December 2015

Humans reliably recognize faces across a range of viewpoints, but the neural substrates supporting this ability remain unclear. Recent work suggests that neural selectivity to mirror-symmetric viewpoints of faces, found across a large network of visual areas, may constitute a key computational step in achieving full viewpoint invariance. In this study, we used repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to test the hypothesis that the occipital face area (OFA), putatively a key node in the face network, plays a causal role in face viewpoint symmetry perception. Each participant underwent both offline rTMS to the right OFA and sham stimulation, preceding blocks of behavioral trials. After each stimulation period, the participant performed one of two behavioral tasks involving presentation of faces in the peripheral visual field: (1) judging the viewpoint symmetry; or (2) judging the angular rotation. rTMS applied to the right OFA significantly impaired performance in both tasks when stimuli were presented in the contralateral, left visual field. Interestingly, however, rTMS had a differential effect on the two tasks performed ipsilaterally. Although viewpoint symmetry judgments were significantly disrupted, we observed no effect on the angle judgment task. This interaction, caused by ipsilateral rTMS, provides support for models emphasizing the role of interhemispheric crosstalk in the formation of viewpoint-invariant face perception.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTFaces are among the most salient objects we encounter during our everyday activities. Moreover, we are remarkably adept at identifying people at a glance, despite the diversity of viewpoints during our social encounters. Here, we investigate the cortical mechanisms underlying this ability by focusing on effects of viewpoint symmetry, i.e., the invariance of neural responses to mirror-symmetric facial viewpoints. We did this by temporarily disrupting neural processing in the occipital face area (OFA) using transcranial magnetic stimulation. Our results demonstrate that the OFA causally contributes to judgments facial viewpoints and suggest that effects of viewpoint symmetry, previously observed using fMRI, arise from an interhemispheric integration of visual information even when only one hemisphere receives direct visual stimulation.
Invasive Reed Canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea) and Native Vegetation Channel Roughness
Authors: Martinez Adriana E. , McDowell Patricia F. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn instances where vegetation plays a dominant role in the riparian landscape, the type and characteristics of species, particularly a dominant invasive, can alter water velocity at high flows when vegetation is inundated. However, quantifying this resistance in terms of riparian vegetation has largely been ignored or listed as a secondary characteristic on roughness reference tables. We calculated vegetation roughness based on measurements of plant stem stiffness, plant frontal area, stem density, and stem area of three dominant herbaceous plants along the Sprague River, Oregon: the invasive reed canarygrass, native creeping spikerush, and native inflated sedge. Results show slightly lower roughness values than those predicted for vegetation using reference tables. In addition, native creeping spikerush and invasive reed canarygrass exhibit higher roughness values than native inflated sedge, which exhibits values lower than the other two species. These findings are of particular importance where the invasive reed canarygrass is outcompeting native inflated sedge, because with invasive colonization, roughness is increasing in channel zones and therefore is likely changing channel processes. Direct depositional measurements show similar results.
180 éve született dr. Waisbecker Antal
Authors: Balogh Lajos , Keszei Balázs 
Published: December 2015

Dr. Waisbecker Antal Vas vármegye tisztifőorvosa és a XIX–XX. század fordulóján a megye legjelentősebb botanikusa volt. A megye botanikai monográfiáját jegyző Borbás Vincét is jelentős florisztikai adatokkal segítette. Tanulmányaiban többek között feldolgozta Vas megye harasztjait és Kőszeg vidékének edényes növényeit. Érdemeket szerzett a sások ismerete terén, különösen a Carex fritschii leírásával. Adományozott növénygyűjteményével a Vasvármegyei, ma Savaria Múzeum Természettudományi Osztályának egyik alapítója (SAMU). Gyűjteményének másik része a Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum Növénytárában (BP) található.
Kárpáti, erdélyi, dácikus és pannon endemikus fajok a Szilágyság flórájában
Authors: Negrean Gavril , Karácsonyi Károly , Szatmari Paul-Marian 
Published: December 2015

Az Erdélyi-medence és az alföldi pannon flóratartomány között elterülő romániai Szilágyság növénytakarójában az európai fajok mellett, a különböző földrajzi eredetű flóraelemek százalékos aránya igen magas. Ezek közül kiemeljük a keleti eredetű kontinentális, valamint a déli szubmediterrán jellegűek itteni széleskörű elterjedését. Jelentős számmal vannak képviselve az alább elemzett kárpáti (Aconitum moldavicum Hacq., Symphytum cordatum Waldst. & Kit.), erdélyi (Cephalaria radiata Griseb. & Schenk, Onosma pseudoarenaria Schur subsp. pseudoarenaria), dácikus (Helleborus purpurascens Waldst. & Kit., Phyteuma tetramerum Schur) és pannon (Centaurea sadleriana Janka), endemikus valamint szubendemikus fajok is, amelyek igen különböző jellegű termőhelyeken jelentkeznek.
ASPECTOS POLÍTICOS DA EDUCAÇÃO QUILOMBOLA: CURRÍCULO E PRÁTICA PEDAGÓGICA EM DISCUSSÃO
Authors: Santana Jaqueline 
Published: December 2015

Este artigo pretende discutir rumos e caminhos para implementação da Lei 10639/03 e das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais para a Educação das Relações Étnicorraciais no âmbito das escolas quilombolas, por meio do entendimento de como a cultura local, ao ser utilizada como recurso pedagógico interdisciplinar, pode contribuir para a construção de identidade das crianças. Para tanto, será realizada uma revisão bibliográfica que tem, como pressupostos teóricos, os estudos relativos à educação quilombola e da educação etnicorracial, assim como aqueles referentes ao papel da cultura como instrumento de construção de identidade e conquista de cidadania. Espera-se, com tal discussão, promover reflexões acerca dos quilombos e de sua importância para a sociedade brasileira, assim como fomentar novas possibilidades de trabalho educativo nesses espaços.
Dynamics of Interleukin-10 Levels in Chronic Rhinosinusitis with/without Allergy
Authors: Punagi Abdul Qadar , Rahardjo Sutji Pratiwi 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Rhinosinusitis occurs when the lining of the nasal and sinuses gets inflamed, infected or irritated, become swollen, and create extra mucus, the swollen lining may also interfere with drainage of mucus. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a more persistent problem that requires a specific treatment approach. Aim of this study was to determine changes in interleukin (IL)-10 as an anti-inflammatory cytokines in allergic and non-allergic CRS at Makassar. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was designed to assess the level of IL-10 for three times during two weeks of therapy. Medication of Cefadroxil 500 mg 2x1, Pseudoephedrine 30 mg 2x1, Terfenadine 40 mg 2x1 and Methylprednisolone 4 mg 3x1, was conducted during two weeks for 13 subjects in allergic CRS group and 12 subjects in non-allergic CRS group. Results were statistically analyzed with student t-test and paired t-test.RESULTS: The changes in levels of IL-10 in allergic CRS group were increased, but not significant (5.293 to 5.769, p=0.058), and in non-allergic CRS group were decreased, but not significant (6.125 to 5.475, p=0.103). CONCLUSION: The serum levels of IL-10 were not significant increased in allergic CRS group and not significant decreased in non-allergic CRS group. KEYWORDS: interleukin-10, chronic rhinosinusitis, allergy, cefadroxil, pseudoephedrine, terfenadine, methylprednisolone
Propofol Effect on Stress Response and Free Radicals in Patient during Surgery and Sedation Procedure
Authors: Rahardjo Theresia Monica 
Published: December 2015

BACKGROUND: Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic used worldwide as an anesthesia induction and maintenance agent. Propofol also used as sedation agent in Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Despite it’s usual anesthesia properties, propofol has an unique pharmacologic characteristic, especially as antioxidant and stress response reduction. These advantages suggested propofol has positive effects when used as an anesthesia agent in surgery or sedation in ICU in conditions when high stress and free radical level are released.CONTENT:Stress response and free radical can be elevated in various conditions including surgery or during care in ICU, especially critical ill patient. Cortisol is a major stress hormone that influences metabolism, cardiovascular and central nervous system, either in acute or chronic phase. Oxidative stress was marked by free radical elevation called Radical Oxygen Species (ROS). Combination of both elements (cortisol and ROS) can worsen patient condition. Propofol with anti-stress and antioxidant properties could be used to reduce stress response and attenuate free radical level in order to improve patient condition.SUMMARY: The anti-stress and antioxidant properties of Propofol are interesting, because these benefits can be added as adjunctive therapy when propofol was used as an anesthetic agent in surgery and a sedation in ICU.KEYWORDS: propofol, stress response, antioxidant
Morbilidad materna extrema en la Clínica Universitaria Colombia, Bogotá (Colombia), 2012-2013
Authors: Villalba-Toquica Carolina Del Pilar , Martínez-Silva Pablo Andrés 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> describir la morbilidad materna extrema en una clínica de alta complejidad obstétrica.</p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> estudio descriptivo de vigilancia epidemiológica, basado en el análisis de los resultados de la implementación del subsistema de vigilancia de la morbilidad materna extrema (MME) en la Clínica Universitaria Colombia, entre junio de 2012 y junio de 2013. Esta es una institución de referencia que atiende pacientes de una empresa de aseguramiento privado y contributivo en Bogotá. Se estableció el número de gestantes que presentó morbilidad materna extrema en dicho periodo. Se evaluó la edad materna, la situación de salud generadora del reporte, los criterios definitorios de MME y los indicadores de calidad de la MME. Se realiza análisis descriptivo de los datos y se presenta la razón de prevalencia de la morbilidad materna extrema.</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> la prevalencia de MME en la institución fue de 11 por 1.000 nacidos vivos. El 55 % de los eventos se relacionaron con hemorragias del embarazo, seguidos por trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo (30 %), complicaciones de comorbilidades cardiacas (9 %) y choque séptico (6 %). Un 58 % de las pacientes presentaron disfunción orgánica, con una utilización de la Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo en 52 %; la transfusión de hemoderivados se requirió en un 61 % de los eventos y la cirugía adicional en un 36 %. El índice de mortalidad fue del 8 %. La relación MME/MM fue de 11:1. El porcentaje de casos de MME con más de tres criterios fue del 73 %.</p><p><strong>Conclusión:</strong> la morbilidad materna extrema es un problema frecuente en esta institución de referencia. Su medición es posible con base en la vigilancia pasiva y activa de los criterios definitorios. Se requiere más información de estos indicadores de calidad a nivel nacional para hacer comparaciones entre instituciones.</p>
Factores de riesgo asociados al desarrollo de pielonefritis aguda entre las gestantes afiliadas a una Empresa Administradora de Planes de Beneficio en cuatro ciudades de Colombia. Estudio de casos y controles
Authors: López-Martínez Jessika Lissethe , Montoya-Jaramillo Yanett Marcela , Berbesi-Fernández Dedsy Yajaira 
Published: December 2015

<p><strong>Objetivo:</strong> identificar factores de riesgo relacionados con pielonefritis aguda durante la gestación en las gestantes de Barranquilla, Bogotá, Bucaramanga, Cali y Medellín (Colombia), afiliadas a una empresa administradora de planes de beneficio.</p><p><strong>Materiales y métodos:</strong> estudio de casos y controles, con dos controles por caso. Criterios de selección: gestantes que presentaron parto entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y 31 de diciembre de 2012, en las diferentes instituciones prestadoras de servicios de salud de una empresa administradora de planes de beneficio en Colombia; se excluyeron aquellas con anomalías del tracto urinario. Se definieron como caso aquellas que tenían diagnóstico de pielonefritis aguda durante el embarazo, y como control las gestantes con parto atendido en el mismo periodo, sin diagnóstico de pielonefritis. Los casos fueron seleccionados por conveniencia de manera consecutiva, los controles de manera aleatoria. Se midieron las variables gestacionales, sociodemográficas y las comorbilidades. Se evaluó la asociación con análisis bivariado y multivariado.</p><p><strong>Resultados:</strong> se halló una incidencia de 18 casos de pielonefritis por 10.000 gestantes. El diagnóstico se realizó entre la semana 5 y 38 de gestación, la mayoría durante el segundo (40,2 %) y tercer (48,0 %) trimestre. Ningún caso presentó antecedentes de pielonefritis. Se halló asociación entre pielonefritis aguda y primigestante (OR = 1,94; IC 95 %: 1,13- 3,33), adolescente (OR = 2,85 ; IC 95 %: 1,51-5,40) e infección del tracto urinario previa al embarazo (OR = 2,29; IC 95 %: 1,17-4,44).</p><p><strong>Conclusión:</strong> ser primigestante, adolescente y con antecedente de infección baja del tracto urinario previa al embarazo son factores de riesgo para pielonefritis aguda gestacional.</p>