bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Creating Space For Citizenship: The Liminal Politics of Undocumented Activism
Authors: Swerts Thomas 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSince the turn of the century, urban scholars have argued that cities are the sites par excellence where new political subjects are emerging and changing the face of citizenship. Undocumented activism is often invoked as an example of this phenomenon and an object of renewed interest. What remains unclear, however, is how these precarious actors, who are barred from institutional channels for voicing their grievances and who have little access to resources, become political. This article argues that the urban interstices—or the spaces in between legality and illegality, visibility and invisibility and formality and informality—offer strategic opportunities for undocumented activism. I introduce a theoretical understanding of liminal politics that focuses on the spatial and symbolic practices by means of which the undocumented, who find themselves betwixt and between statuses, develop innovative methods of political expression. Based on a multi‐sited ethnography, I demonstrate that undocumented activists craft urban space as a ‘backstage' as well as a ‘frontstage' for their struggles over citizenship. On the one hand, undocumented immigrants build safe spaces in which they can (re)imagine their subjectivities and develop political scripts. On the other hand, they stage and enact these political scripts by appropriating public space. This study therefore highlights the spatiality, theatricality and performativity of emerging forms of urban citizenship.
Pelvic trauma mortality reduced by integrated trauma care
Authors: Fitzgerald Mark , Esser Max , Russ Matthias , Mathew Joseph , Varma Dinesh , Wilkinson Andrew , Mannambeth Rejith V , Smit Devilliers , Bernard Stephen , Mitra Biswadev 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesA multidisciplinary approach that emphasised improved triage, early pelvic binder application, early administration of blood and blood products, adherence to algorithmic pathways, screening with focused sonography (FAST), early computed tomography scanning with contrast angiography, angio‐embolisation and early operative intervention by specialist pelvic surgeons was implemented in the last decade to improve outcomes after pelvic trauma. The manuscript evaluated the effect of this multi‐faceted change over a 12‐year period.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing patients presenting with serious pelvic injury in 2002 to those presenting in 2013. The primary exposure and comparator variables were the year of presentation and the primary outcome variable was mortality at hospital discharge. Potential confounders were evaluated using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsThere were 1213 patients with a serious pelvic injury (Abbreviated Injury Scale ≥3), increasing from 51 in 2002 to 156 in 2013. Demographics, injury severity and presenting clinical characteristics were similar between the two time periods. There was a statistically significant difference in mortality from 20% in 2002 to 7.7% in 2013 (P = 0.02). The association between the primary exposure variable of being injured in 2013 and mortality remained statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio 0.10; 95% confidence interval: 0.02–0.60) when adjusted for potential clinically important confounders.ConclusionsMulti‐faceted interventions directed at the spectrum of trauma resuscitation from pre‐hospital care to definitive surgical management were associated with significant reduction in mortality of patients with severe pelvic injury from 2002 to 2013. This demonstrates the effectiveness of an integrated, inclusive trauma system in achieving improved outcomes.
Dominance of Sulfuritalea species in nitrate‐depleted water of a stratified freshwater lake and arsenate respiration ability within the genus
Authors: Watanabe Tomohiro , Miura Aya , Iwata Tomoya , Kojima Hisaya , Fukui Manabu 
Published: June 2017

SummaryFacultative autotrophs of the genus Sulfuritalea within the class Betaproteobacteria have been predicted to be an important bacterial population in stratified freshwater lakes based on previous PCR‐based studies. Here, we designed a new probe specific for the genus Sulfuritalea and performed catalysed reporter deposition‐fluorescence in situ hybridisation to enumerate cells of Sulfuritalea species throughout the water column in a stratified freshwater lake. The cells stained with the Sulfuritalea‐specific probe were detected in all hypoxic water samples collected in different seasons and years. Their abundance ranged from 1.4 × 104 to 2.1 × 105 cells ml−1, corresponding to 0.5–5.5% of the total DAPI‐stained cells and 2.3–15% of the total bacterial cells. A high abundance of Sulfuritalea species was recorded in hypoxic water samples without nitrate, which is the only known anaerobic electron acceptor for Sulfuritalea. Nitrate‐independent anaerobic respiration was further investigated using a single cultured representative of this genus, and its growth via arsenate respiration was experimentally demonstrated. In conclusion, Sulfuritalea species were found to be a major component of the planktonic bacterial community in nitrate‐depleted hypoxic water, where arsenate respiration is one of the possible energy metabolisms of Sulfuritalea.
Targeted quantification of functional enzyme dynamics in environmental samples for microbially mediated biogeochemical processes
Authors: Li Minjing , Gao Yuqian , Qian Wei‐Jun , Shi Liang , Liu Yuanyuan , Nelson William C. , Nicora Carrie D. , Resch Charles T. , Thompson Christopher , Yan Sen , Fredrickson James K. , Zachara John M. , Liu Chongxuan 
Published: June 2017

SummaryMicrobial enzymes catalytically drive biogeochemical processes in environments. The dynamic linkage between functional enzymes and biogeochemical species transformation has, however, rarely been investigated for decades because of the challenges to directly quantify enzymes in environmental samples. The diversity of microorganisms, the low amount of available biomass and the complexity of chemical composition in environmental samples represent the main challenges. To address the diversity challenge, we first identify several signature peptides that are conserved in the targeted enzymes with the same functionality across many phylogenetically diverse microorganisms using metagenome‐based protein sequence data. Quantification of the signature peptides then allows estimation of the targeted enzyme abundance. To achieve analyses of the requisite sensitivity for complex environmental samples with low available biomass, we adapted a recently developed ultrasensitive targeted quantification technology, termed high‐pressure high‐resolution separations with intelligent selection and multiplexing (PRISM) by improving peptide separation efficiency and method detection sensitivity. Nitrate reduction dynamics catalyzed by dissimilatory and assimilatory enzymes in a hyporheic zone sediment was used as an example to demonstrate the application of the enzyme quantification approach. Together with the measurements of biogeochemical species, the approach enables investigating the dynamic linkage between functional enzymes and biogeochemical processes.
A statistical methodology for estimating assortative mating for phenotypic traits that are labile or measured with error
Authors: Class Barbara , Dingemanse Niels J. , Araya‐Ajoy Yimen G. , Brommer Jon E. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Assortative mating in wild populations is commonly reported as the correlation between males’ and females’ phenotypes across mated pairs. Theories of partner selection and quantitative genetics assume that phenotypic resemblance of partners captures associations in “intrinsically determined” trait values. However, when considering traits with a repeatability below one (labile traits or traits measured with error), the correlation between phenotypes of paired individuals can arise from shared environmental effects on the phenotypes of paired individuals or correlated measurement error.

We introduce statistical approaches to estimate assortative mating in labile traits or traits measured with error in the presence of shared environmental effects. These approaches include (1) the correlation between the mean phenotypes of males and females, (2) the correlation between randomized values of individuals and (3) the between‐pair correlation derived from a bivariate mixed model.

We use simulations to show that the performance of these different approaches depends on the number of repeated measures within individuals or pairs, which is determined by study design, and rates of survival and divorce.

We conclude that short‐term environmental effects on phenotypes of paired individuals likely inflate estimates of assortative mating when not statistically accounted for. Our approach allows investigation of this important issue in assortative mating studies for labile traits (e.g. behaviour, physiology, or metabolism) in both socially monogamous and other mating systems, and groupings of individuals outside a mating context.
Alcohol Consumption Decreases Oxytocin Neurons in the Anterior Paraventricular Nucleus of the Hypothalamus in Prairie Voles
Authors: Stevenson Jennie R. , Young Katelyn A. , Bohidar Amelia E. , Francomacaro Lisa M. , Fasold Terra R. , Buirkle Julia M. , Ndem Jackie R. , Christian Sara C. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundAlcohol use disorders are associated with dysfunctional social relationships and stress responses. The neuropeptides oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) are known to orchestrate or mediate many aspects of social behavior, stress responses, and ingestive behaviors. Because of the overlap between the effects of alcohol and the roles of OT and AVP, we sought to determine whether alcohol consumption altered expression of OT and AVP in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus, one of the key sites for OT and AVP synthesis.MethodsPair‐housed adult male prairie voles were allowed to consume 15% ethanol versus water in the home cage continuously (Continuous‐Access [CA] group) or every other day for 4 hours (Intermittent‐Access [IA] group). Control animals never had access to alcohol. After 7 weeks, animals were sacrificed and their brains were removed and immunohistochemical analysis of OT‐ and AVP‐immunopositive neurons was performed.ResultsOT‐immunopositive neurons were significantly decreased in the anterior PVN in the CA but not IA group, relative to Control animals, suggesting that continuous alcohol consumption decreases the number of OT neurons. There was no effect of alcohol consumption on posterior PVN OT neurons, and no effect on PVN AVP neurons.ConclusionsThese data show that continuous‐access voluntary alcohol consumption is associated with decreased OT neurons in the anterior PVN, suggesting that alcohol‐induced alterations in the OT system should be investigated as a mechanism for alcohol‐related changes in social behavior, stress responses, and exacerbation of alcohol use disorders.
Decision Support Frameworks and Tools for Conservation
Authors: Schwartz Mark W. , Cook Carly N. , Pressey Robert L. , Pullin Andrew S. , Runge Michael C. , Salafsky Nick , Sutherland William J. , Williamson Matthew A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe practice of conservation occurs within complex socioecological systems fraught with challenges that require transparent, defensible, and often socially engaged project planning and management. Planning and decision support frameworks are designed to help conservation practitioners increase planning rigor, project accountability, stakeholder participation, transparency in decisions, and learning. We describe and contrast five common frameworks within the context of six fundamental questions (why, who, what, where, when, how) at each of three planning stages of adaptive management (project scoping, operational planning, learning). We demonstrate that decision support frameworks provide varied and extensive tools for conservation planning and management. However, using any framework in isolation risks diminishing potential benefits since no one framework covers the full spectrum of potential conservation planning and decision challenges. We describe two case studies that have effectively deployed tools from across conservation frameworks to improve conservation actions and outcomes. Attention to the critical questions for conservation project planning should allow practitioners to operate within any framework and adapt tools to suit their specific management context. We call on conservation researchers and practitioners to regularly use decision support tools as standard practice for framing both practice and research.
Long‐term impact of childhood selective dorsal rhizotomy on pain, fatigue, and function: a case–control study
Authors: Daunter Alecia K , Kratz Anna L , Hurvitz Edward A 
Published: June 2017

AimSelective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a surgical treatment for spasticity in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Studies suggest long‐lasting effects of SDR on spasticity; long‐term effects on symptoms and function are not clear. This study tested whether adults with CP (average 22y after SDR) report less pain, fatigue, and functional decline than a retrospectively assessed non‐surgical comparison group.MethodThis was a case–control study. Eighty‐eight adults with CP (mean age 27y; SDR=38 male/female/missing=20/16/2; non‐surgical [comparison]=50, male/female=19/31) recruited from a tertiary care center and the community completed a battery of self‐reported outcome measures. Regression models were used to test whether SDR status predicted pain, fatigue, functional change, and hours of assistance (controlling for Gross Motor Function Classification System level).ResultsSDR status did not significantly predict pain interference (p=0.965), pain intensity (p=0.512), or fatigue (p=0.404). SDR related to lower decline in gross motor functioning (p=0.010) and approximately 6 fewer hours of daily assistance than for those in the comparison group (p=0.001).InterpretationAdults with CP who had SDR in childhood reported less gross motor decline and fewer daily assistance needs than non‐surgically treated peers, suggesting the functional impact of SDR persists long after surgery.
Acute‐Onset Severe Occipital Neuralgia Associated With High Cervical Lesion in Patients With Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Hayashi Yuichi , Koumura Akihiro , Yamada Megumi , Kimura Akio , Shibata Toshirou , Inuzuka Takashi 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo address occipital neuralgia in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD).BackgroundNMOSD is an inflammatory demyelinating disease that commonly presents with pain; however, headache symptoms have received little attention.MethodsWe presented three cases of NMOSD in which the patients experienced acute‐onset, severe, and steroid‐responsive occipital neuralgia. All patients provided consent to use their demographic and imaging data retrospectively.ResultsIn all three cases, MRI revealed a new high‐intensity area in the cervical cord at the C1‐C3 level of the spine, which was diminished in two of the three cases after corticosteroid pulse therapy.ConclusionOur cases support the recognition of NMOSD as a cause of secondary headache. As patients with NMOSD experience severe occipital neuralgia, a relapse should be considered and a cervical MRI should be performed.
Does peripheral dislodgement contribute to heterozygote deficiencies in blue mussels?
Authors: Daniels Eleanor Q. , Litvaitis Marian K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDifferential loss of heterozygous individuals that move to the periphery of mussel aggregations, where they are at greater risk for dislodgement, has been proposed as an explanation for observed heterozygote deficiencies in blue mussels. To test the dislodgement hypothesis, correlations between heterozygosity and mussel motility, as well as characteristics of byssogenesis and byssal thread attachment strengths, were determined in a wild and a farmed population of blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) from New Hampshire, USA. Although both populations exhibited a heterozygote deficit as measured by three microsatellite loci, no relationship was found between heterozygosity and increased motility in either population. Similarly, no relationship was found between heterozygosity and byssogenesis or attachment strength. Hence, differential dislodgement is highly unlikely as a possible contributor to the loss of heterozygous individuals.
Taxation of a digital monopoly platform
Authors: Bourreau Marc , Caillaud Bernard , De Nijs Romain 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis paper investigates the impact on fiscal revenues of taxing a two‐sided monopolistic platform offering personalized services to users and targeted advertising to sellers, based on the collection of users' personal data. We show that the introduction of a small tax on data collection, which has been proposed in the French context by Collin and Colin, fails to increase fiscal revenues if the value‐added tax (VAT) rate is high enough, due to a tax base interdependence effect between the two taxes. Under a supermodularity condition on the platform's profit function as a function of its prices, this result generalizes to any per‐unit tax. However, in some cases, an ad valorem tax on subscriptions or on advertising may raise fiscal revenues, irrespective of the VAT rate, as well as welfare.
Potential risk of HBV reactivation in patients with resolved HBV infection undergoing direct‐acting antiviral treatment for HCV
Authors: Ogawa Eiichi , Furusyo Norihiro , Murata Masayuki , Toyoda Kazuhiro , Hayashi Takeo , Ura Kazuya 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBackground & AimsDespite a known risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation during direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment for patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐HBV coinfection, it remains unclear whether patients with past HBV infection are at risk for reactivation. This study evaluated the risk of HBV reactivation during treatment with sofosbuvir (SOF)‐based regimens, focusing on patients with resolved HBV infection.MethodsThis study analyzes the data of 183 consecutive patients treated with SOF‐based regimens. From these patients, 63 with resolved HBV infection (negative for hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] and undetectable HBV DNA but positive for hepatitis B core antibody) were eligible for this study. HBV reactivation was defined as a quantifiable HBV DNA level >20 IU/mL.ResultsAmong the patients antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) positive (10‐500 mIU/mL) (n = 30), the titre of anti‐HBs was significantly decreased with time, as shown by the results of repeated‐measures analysis of variance (P = .0029). Overall, four patients (6.3%) with resolved HBV infection came to have detectable HBV DNA during treatment, including one who had HBV reactivation at week 4 (HBV DNA 80 IU/mL). However, none developed hepatic failure. Among four patients who had detectable HBV DNA during treatment, all were negative or had very low‐titre (<20 mIU/mL) anti‐HBs at baseline.ConclusionsThe titre of anti‐HBs was significantly decreased from the early stage of DAA treatment. Chronic hepatitis C patients with resolved HBV infection and negative or very low‐titre anti‐HBs at baseline are at risk for having detectable HBV DNA transiently during treatment.
Use of infant formula in the ELFE study: The association with social and health‐related factors
Authors: de Lauzon‐Guillain Blandine , Davisse‐Paturet Camille , Lioret Sandrine , Ksiazek Eléa , Bois Corinne , Dufourg Marie‐Noëlle , Bournez Marie , Nicklaus Sophie , Wagner Sandra , Charles Marie Aline 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBreastfeeding is recommended until 6 months of age, but a wide range of infant formula is available for nonbreastfed or partially breastfed infants. Our aim was to describe infant formula selection and to examine social‐ and health‐related factors associated with this selection. Analyses were based on 13,291 infants from the French national birth cohort Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l'Enfance. Infant diet was assessed at Month 2 by phone interview and monthly from Months 3 to 10 via internet/paper questionnaires. Infant formulas were categorized in 6 groups: extensively or partially hydrolysed, regular with or without prebiotics/probiotics, and thickened with or without prebiotics/probiotics. Associations between type of infant formula used at 2 months and family or infant characteristics were assessed by multinomial logistic regressions. At Month 2, 58.1% of formula‐fed infants were fed with formula enriched in prebiotics/probiotics, 31.5% with thickened formula, and 1.4% with extensively hydrolysed formula. The proportion of formula‐fed infants increased regularly, but the type of infant formula used was fairly stable between 2 and 10 months. At Month 2, extensively hydrolysed formulas were more likely to be used in infants with diarrhoea or regurgitation problems. Partially hydrolysed formulas were more often used in families with high income, with a history of allergy, or with infants with regurgitation issues. Thickened formulas were used more with boys, preterm infants, infants with regurgitation issues, or in cases of early maternal return to work. The main factors related to the selection of infant formula were family and infant health‐related ones.
The enacted unconscious: a neuropsychological model of unconscious processes
Authors: Ginot Efrat 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntegrating neuropsychology with psychoanalytic thinking and experience, this paper offers a new view of the unconscious that veers away from more traditional conceptualizations. Rather, it emphasizes the ever‐present influence of ongoing unconscious processes on much of our behaviors and mental states. Importantly, this new understanding is based on the functional unity of the brain/mind.
Treatment for Thoracic Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal Ligament with Posterior Circumferential Decompression
Authors: Xu Zhao‐wan , Hu Yong‐cheng , Sun Chui‐guo , Shang Xiao‐peng , Lun Deng‐xing , Li Feng , Ji Xu‐bin , Liu Da‐yong , Chen Nai‐wang , Zhuang Qing‐shan 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveTo report the results of the posterior approach for thoracic ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (TOPLL) by using a special “L” osteotome.MethodsThe present study enrolled 16 consecutive patients (9 men and 7 women) between May 2009 and September 2013. All patients underwent a posterior circumferential decompression osteotomy and segmental instrumentation with interbody fusion. The mean age at surgery was 57.3 years (range, 37–68 years). Patients’ data, clinical manifestation, blood loss, length of surgery, complications, visual analog scale (VAS), Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), and Frankel grading system before and after surgery were collected and evaluated, retrospectively.ResultsThe average follow‐up period was 30 ± 19 months (range, 12–50 months). All patients were successfully treated with posterior compression and segmental instrumentation with interbody fusion. The average operation time was 261.6 ± 51.3 min (range, 190–310 min). The mean blood loss was 980.3 ± 370.5 mL (range, 600–2100 mL). All patients had subjective improvement of motor power and gait. Average preoperative and postoperativeJOAscores were 4.2 ± 1.7 and 7.8 ± 2.5 points, respectively. Differences in the overallJOA scores showed significant postoperative improvement. At the last follow‐up, all patients improved either by one or two Frankel grades. There was a significant difference between preoperativeVASscores and those 3 months after surgery (P< 0.05). No significant difference was observed between the 3‐month and 12‐month results (P >0.05). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage occurred in 3 patients. Acute neurological deterioration was encountered postoperatively in 1 patient.ConclusionTreatment with posterior transpedicular osteotomy and circumferential decompression was found to be safe, effective, reliable, and technically feasible, and keeping the thoracic cavity intact avoids many shortcomings of anterior surgery and results in a satisfactory spinal decompression.