bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Involvement of MAK-1 and MAK-2 MAP kinases in cell wall integrity in Neurospora crassa
Authors: Kamei Masayuki , Yamashita Kazuhiro , Takahashi Masakazu , Fukumori Fumiyasu , Ichiishi Akihiko , Fujimura Makoto 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Among three MAPK disruptants of Neurospora crassa, Δmak-1 was sensitive and Δmak-2 was hypersensitive to micafungin, a beta-1,3-glucan synthase inhibitor, than the wild-type or Δos-2 strains. We identified six micafungin-inducible genes that are involved in cell wall integrity (CWI) and found that MAK-1 regulated the transcription of non-anchored cell wall protein gene, ncw-1, and the beta-1,3-endoglucanase gene, bgt-2, whereas MAK-2 controlled the expression of the glycosylhydrolase-like protein gene, gh76-5, and the C4-dicarboxylate transporter gene, tdt-1. Western blotting analysis revealed that, in the wild-type strain, MAK-1 was constitutively phosphorylated from conidial germination to hyphal development. In contrast, the phosphorylation of MAK-2 was growth phase-dependent, and micafungin induced the phosphorylation of unphosphorylated MAK-2. It should be noted that the phosphorylation of MAK-1 was virtually abolished in the Δmak-2 strain, but was significantly induced by micafungin, suggesting functional cross talk between MAK-1 and MAK-2 signalling pathway in CWI.
Temperature dependence on the pesticide sampling rate of polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS)
Authors: Yabuki Yoshinori , Nagai Takashi , Inao Keiya , Ono Junko , Aiko Nobuyuki , Ohtsuka Nobutoshi , Tanaka Hitoshi , Tanimori Shinji 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Laboratory experiments were performed to determine the sampling rates of pesticides for the polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) used in Japan. The concentrations of pesticides in aquatic environments were estimated from the accumulated amounts of pesticide on POCIS, and the effect of water temperature on the pesticide sampling rates was evaluated. The sampling rates of 48 pesticides at 18, 24, and 30 °C were obtained, and this study confirmed that increasing trend of sampling rates was resulted with increasing water temperature for many pesticides.
Metal-catalyzed oxidation of 2-alkenals generates genotoxic 4-oxo-2-alkenals during lipid peroxidation
Authors: Nuka Erika , Tomono Susumu , Ishisaka Akari , Kato Yoji , Miyoshi Noriyuki , Kawai Yoshichika 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Lipid peroxidation products react with cellular molecules, such as DNA bases, to form covalent adducts, which are associated with aging and disease processes. Since lipid peroxidation is a complex process and occurs in multiple stages, there might be yet unknown reaction pathways. Here, we analyzed comprehensively 2′-deoxyguanosine (dG) adducts with oxidized arachidonic acid using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and found the formation of 7-(2-oxo-hexyl)-etheno-dG as one of the major unidentified adducts. The formation of this adduct was reproduced in the reaction of dG with 2-octenal and predominantly with 4-oxo-2-octenal (OOE). We also found that other 2-alkenals (with five or more carbons) generate corresponding 4-oxo-2-alkenal-type adducts. Importantly, it was found that transition metals enhanced the oxidation of C4-position of 2-octenal, leading to the formation of OOE-dG adduct. These findings demonstrated a new pathway for the formation of 4-oxo-2-alkenals during lipid peroxidation and might provide a mechanism for metal-catalyzed genotoxicity.
Peptidoglycan-associated outer membrane protein Mep45 of rumen anaerobeSelenomonas ruminantiumforms a non-specific diffusion pore via its C-terminal transmembrane domain
Authors: Kojima Seiji , Hayashi Kanako , Tochigi Saeko , Kusano Tomonobu , Kaneko Jun , Kamio Yoshiyuki 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe major outer membrane protein Mep45 of Selenomonas ruminantium, an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium, comprises two distinct domains: the N-terminal S-layer homologous (SLH) domain that protrudes into the periplasm and binds to peptidoglycan, and the remaining C-terminal transmembrane domain, whose function has been unknown. Here, we solubilized and purified Mep45 and characterized its function using proteoliposomes reconstituted with Mep45. We found that Mep45 forms a nonspecific diffusion channel via its C-terminal region. The channel was permeable to solutes smaller than a molecular weight of roughly 600, and the estimated pore radius was 0.58 nm. Truncation of the SLH domain did not affect the channel property. On the basis of the fact that Mep45 is the most abundant outer membrane protein in S. ruminantium, we conclude that Mep45 serves as a main pathway through which small solutes diffuse across the outer membrane of this bacterium.
Improving the quality of EHR recording in primary care: a data quality feedback tool
Authors: van der Bij Sjoukje , Khan Nasra , ten Veen Petra , de Bakker Dinny H , Verheij Robert A 
Published: June 2016

Objective: Electronic health record (EHR) data are used to exchange information among health care providers. For this purpose, the quality of the data is essential. We developed a data quality feedback tool that evaluates differences in EHR data quality among practices and software packages as part of a larger intervention.
Methods: The tool was applied in 92 practices in the Netherlands using different software packages. Practices received data quality feedback in 2010 and 2012.
Results: We observed large differences in the quality of recording. For example, the percentage of episodes of care that had a meaningful diagnostic code ranged from 30% to 100%. Differences were highly related to the software package. A year after the first measurement, the quality of recording had improved significantly and differences decreased, with 67% of the physicians indicating that they had actively changed their recording habits based on the results of the first measurement. About 80% found the feedback helpful in pinpointing recording problems. One of the software vendors made changes in functionality as a result of the feedback.
Conclusions: Our EHR data quality feedback tool is capable of highlighting differences among practices and software packages. As such, it also stimulates improvements. As substantial variability in recording is related to the software package, our study strengthens the evidence that data quality can be improved substantially by standardizing the functionalities of EHR software packages.
Health informatics and analytics — building a program to integrate business analytics across clinical and administrative disciplines
Authors: Tremblay Monica Chiarini , Deckard Gloria J , Klein Richard 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Health care organizations must develop integrated health information systems to respond to the numerous government mandates driving the movement toward reimbursement models emphasizing value-based and accountable care. Success in this transition requires integrated data analytics, supported by the combination of health informatics, interoperability, business process design, and advanced decision support tools. This case study presents the development of a master’s level cross- and multidisciplinary informatics program offered through a business school. The program provides students from diverse backgrounds with the knowledge, leadership, and practical application skills of health informatics, information systems, and data analytics that bridge the interests of clinical and nonclinical professionals. This case presents the actions taken and challenges encountered in navigating intra-university politics, specifying curriculum, recruiting the requisite interdisciplinary faculty, innovating the educational format, managing students with diverse educational and professional backgrounds, and balancing multiple accreditation agencies.
Assessment-based health informatics curriculum improvement
Authors: Berner Eta S , Dorsey Amanda D , Garrie Robert L , Qu Haiyan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Objective Informatics programs need assurance that their curricula prepare students for intended roles as well as ensuring that students have mastered the appropriate competencies. The objective of this study is to describe a method for using assessment data to identify areas for curriculum, student selection, and assessment improvement.
Materials and Methods A multiple-choice examination covering the content in the Commission for Health Accreditation of Informatics and Information Management Education curricular facets/elements was developed and administered to 2 cohorts of entering students prior to the beginning of the program and to the first cohort after completion of the first year’s courses. The reliability of the examination was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha. Content validity was assessed by having 2 raters assess the match of the items to the Commission for Health Accreditation of Informatics and Information Management Education requirements. Construct validation included comparison of exam performance of instructed vs uninstructed students. Criterion-related validity was assessed by examining the relationship of background characteristics to exam performance and by comparing examination performance to graduate Grade Point Average (GPA).
Results Reliability of the examination was 0.91 and 0.82 (Cohort 1 pre/post-tests) and 0.43 (Cohort 2 pretest). Both raters judged 76% of the test items as appropriate. There were statistically significant differences between the instructed (Cohort 1 post-test) and uninstructed (Cohort 2 pretest) students (t = 2.95 P &lt; .01), as well as between the Cohort 1 pre/post-tests (t = 6.52, P &lt; .001). Neither the background variables nor the graduate GPA were significantly correlated with the examination scores.
Conclusion We found that the examination had generally good psychometric properties and the exceptions could be used to identify areas for curriculum and assessment improvement.
A universal EDF for repeating fast radio bursts?
Authors: Lu Wenbin , Kumar Pawan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We make three assumptions: fast radio bursts (FRBs) are produced by neutron stars at cosmological distances; FRB rate tracks the core-collapse supernova rate; and all FRBs repeat with a universal energy distribution function (EDF) $\mathrm{d}\dot{N}/\mathrm{d}E \propto E^{-\beta }$ with a cutoff at burst energy Emax. We then find that observations so far are consistent with a universal EDF with 1.5 ≲ β ≲ 2.2, high-end cutoff Emax/E0 ≳ 30 and normalization $\dot{N}_0 \lesssim 2\rm \ d^{-1}$; where $\dot{N}_0$ is the integrated rate above the reference energy $E_0 \simeq 1.2\times 10^{39} f_{\rm r}^{-1} \rm \ erg$ (fr is the radio emission efficiency). Implications of such an EDF are discussed.
Disparity processing in primary visual cortex
Authors: Henriksen Sid , Tanabe Seiji , Cumming Bruce 
Published: June 2016

The first step in binocular stereopsis is to match features on the left retina with the correct features on the right retina, discarding ‘false’ matches. The physiological processing of these signals starts in the primary visual cortex, where the binocular energy model has been a powerful framework for understanding the underlying computation. For this reason, it is often used when thinking about how binocular matching might be performed beyond striate cortex. But this step depends critically on the accuracy of the model, and real V1 neurons show several properties that suggest they may be less sensitive to false matches than the energy model predicts. Several recent studies provide empirical support for an extended version of the energy model, in which the same principles are used, but the responses of single neurons are described as the sum of several subunits, each of which follows the principles of the energy model. These studies have significantly improved our understanding of the role played by striate cortex in the stereo correspondence problem.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
Depth perception in disparity-defined objects: finding the balance between averaging and segregation
Authors: Cammack P. , Harris J. M. 
Published: June 2016

Deciding what constitutes an object, and what background, is an essential task for the visual system. This presents a conundrum: averaging over the visual scene is required to obtain a precise signal for object segregation, but segregation is required to define the region over which averaging should take place. Depth, obtained via binocular disparity (the differences between two eyes’ views), could help with segregation by enabling identification of object and background via differences in depth. Here, we explore depth perception in disparity-defined objects. We show that a simple object segregation rule, followed by averaging over that segregated area, can account for depth estimation errors. To do this, we compared objects with smoothly varying depth edges to those with sharp depth edges, and found that perceived peak depth was reduced for the former. A computational model used a rule based on object shape to segregate and average over a central portion of the object, and was able to emulate the reduction in perceived depth. We also demonstrated that the segregated area is not predefined but is dependent on the object shape. We discuss how this segregation strategy could be employed by animals seeking to deter binocular predators.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
Recovering stereo vision by squashing virtual bugs in a virtual reality environment
Authors: Vedamurthy Indu , Knill David C. , Huang Samuel J. , Yung Amanda , Ding Jian , Kwon Oh-Sang , Bavelier Daphne , Levi Dennis M. 
Published: June 2016

Stereopsis is the rich impression of three-dimensionality, based on binocular disparity—the differences between the two retinal images of the same world. However, a substantial proportion of the population is stereo-deficient, and relies mostly on monocular cues to judge the relative depth or distance of objects in the environment. Here we trained adults who were stereo blind or stereo-deficient owing to strabismus and/or amblyopia in a natural visuomotor task—a ‘bug squashing’ game—in a virtual reality environment. The subjects' task was to squash a virtual dichoptic bug on a slanted surface, by hitting it with a physical cylinder they held in their hand. The perceived surface slant was determined by monocular texture and stereoscopic cues, with these cues being either consistent or in conflict, allowing us to track the relative weighting of monocular versus stereoscopic cues as training in the task progressed. Following training most participants showed greater reliance on stereoscopic cues, reduced suppression and improved stereoacuity. Importantly, the training-induced changes in relative stereo weights were significant predictors of the improvements in stereoacuity. We conclude that some adults deprived of normal binocular vision and insensitive to the disparity information can, with appropriate experience, recover access to more reliable stereoscopic information.
This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
A moving observer in a three-dimensional world
Authors: Glennerster Andrew 
Published: June 2016

For many tasks such as retrieving a previously viewed object, an observer must form a representation of the world at one location and use it at another. A world-based three-dimensional reconstruction of the scene built up from visual information would fulfil this requirement, something computer vision now achieves with great speed and accuracy. However, I argue that it is neither easy nor necessary for the brain to do this. I discuss biologically plausible alternatives, including the possibility of avoiding three-dimensional coordinate frames such as ego-centric and world-based representations. For example, the distance, slant and local shape of surfaces dictate the propensity of visual features to move in the image with respect to one another as the observer's perspective changes (through movement or binocular viewing). Such propensities can be stored without the need for three-dimensional reference frames. The problem of representing a stable scene in the face of continual head and eye movements is an appropriate starting place for understanding the goal of three-dimensional vision, more so, I argue, than the case of a static binocular observer.This article is part of the themed issue ‘Vision in our three-dimensional world’.
Corrosion inhibition studies of cigarette waste on the iron surface in acid medium: electrochemical and surface morphology analysis
Authors: Lucatero Luis Manuel Becerra , Ortega David Turcio , Pandiyan Thangarasu , Singh Narinder , Singh Harpreet , Sarao Tejinder Pal Singh 
Published: June 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the corrosion inhibition tendency of cigarette waste (water extracts of cigarette butts, WECB) on an iron surface in an acid medium.Design/methodology/approachThe electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and polarization techniques were used to analyze the performance of WECB on the iron working electrode. Electrochemical polarization curves were used to determine the intensity of the metal corrosion, specifically to see the effectiveness of the anodic and cathodic reactions in the corrosive medium having WECB. Moreover, the electrochemical impedance of WECB with electrode was analyzed qualitatively. The electrochemical data that relate isotherm adsorption of WECB with iron were analyzed; furthermore, the scanning electron microscope was used to analyze morphology change during the corrosion inhibition.FindingsAfter analyzing the impedance data, it is seen that there exists a single capacitive semicircle at the higher frequency range corresponding to a one-time constant in the Bode-phase plot. In the polarization curves studies (Tafel slopes), the current densities of both cathodic and anodic branches are greatly affected in the presence of WECB in the corrosive medium, suggesting that WECB performs as a mixed inhibitor. The free energy data and Temkin adsorption isotherm process show that the adsorption process of WECB on the metal surface follows a physisorption. Furthermore, the WECB-coated metal surface analyzed by scanning electron microscopy confirms the corrosion inhibition of WECB in the acid medium.Research limitations/implicationsAn in-depth characterization of the corroded scales is recommended to endorse the results of this study.Social implicationsThere may be some people who may challenge that the research may encourage smoking; however, if taken positively, the research offers a very cost-effective and eco-friendly solution to tackle the cigarette waste.Originality/valueIdea of the present work is to reuse the WECB as corrosion inhibitors for the metal surface, as this waste contains large amount of nicotine, which exhibits corrosion inhibition properties. The present work deals with the study of corrosion inhibition properties of WECB on the iron surface in acid medium. The findings of this study can be very useful from scientific, as well as industrial application point of view. Moreover, the research is important as there is no proper recycling process for this waste so as to maintain a clean environment.
Inhibition effect of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus on the corrosion of X70 pipeline steel induced by sulfate-reducing bacteria
Authors: Qiu Lina , Mao Yanan , Gong Aijun , Zhang Weiwei , Cao Yanqiu , Tong Lu 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a gram-negative predatory bacterium which can potentially inhibit microbiologically influenced corrosion by preying on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). However, no researches about the inhibition are reported according to the authors’ knowledge. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the Inhibition effect of B. bacteriovorus on the corrosion of X70 pipeline steel induced by SRB.

Design/methodology/approach
The effect of B. bacteriovorus on the growth of SRB was studied by measuring the optical density at 600 nm (OD600) and sulfate concentration in culture medium. X70 pipeline steel was used as the test material to investigate the anti-corrosion effect of B. bacteriovorus on SRB by conducting electrochemical analysis (including Tafel polarization curves and electrochemical impendence spectroscopy) and weight loss measurement.

Findings
B. bacteriovorus could inhibit the growth of SRB in culture medium by its predation on SRB, which led to decrease of OD600 value and increase of sulfate concentration. The results of electrochemical analysis indicated that B. bacteriovorus had positive inhibition efficiencies on SRB-induced corrosion of X70 pipeline steel. Moreover, corrosion rate of X70 pipeline steel was declined from 19.17 to 3.75 mg·dm-2·day-1 by the presence of B. bacteriovorus.

Originality/value
This is the first report about using B. bacteriovorus to inhibit the corrosion induced by SRB. Compared to other anti-corrosion methods, the microbial inhibition methods exhibit more considerable application value due to its low cost, high efficiency and non-pollution.
Design guidelines for boardroom’s effectiveness: the case of Fortune 500 firms
Authors: Rebeiz Karim S. 
Published: June 2016

PurposeBoardroom’s effectiveness has emerged as an issue of considerable importance in the minds of academics and practitioners, particularly in the aftermath of the highly visible corporate governance scandals of the past few decades. The purpose of this paper is to shed new lights on this topic by proposing a robust design framework for boardroom’s effectiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe interpretative investigation is based on semi-structured interviews administered to directors of Fortune 500 firms. The adopted thematic analysis is phenomenology, or the feelings, experiences and perceptions of events as depicted first hand by individuals with significant boardroom’s experience.FindingsTwo central findings could be construed from this investigation. First, the optimum boardroom’s configuration is not a universal proposition. In other words, there are no magic recipes, and no one-size fits all approach. Rather, the optimum boardroom’s configuration ought to be framed in light of the overarching needs of the firm in relation to the dynamic forces in the external environment. Second, the design of boardrooms ought to span beyond structural aspects (i.e. the outwardly visible aspects) to also encompass two largely unobserved boardroom’s phenomena, namely, the directorship personal trait factors and the directorship behavioral patterns.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings presented herein may be contaminated with cognitive and personal biases, a common and unavoidable occurrence in qualitative research. A more integrative research approach using inductive and deductive techniques would allow for triangulation of results, thus providing an additional dose of validity and relevance to the research findings.Practical implicationsThere has been a growing disenchantment about themodus operandiof the board of directors among practitioners, particularly as it pertains to large corporations with diffuse and heterogeneous shareholders and stakeholders. New design guidelines for the board of directors would directly impact on corporate practices.Social implicationsThe design of high performance boardrooms is instrumental to shareholders, policymakers, directors, executives, rank and file employees, suppliers, customers and other direct and indirect stakeholders, as it may help avert future corporate governance mishaps.Originality/valueAs of today, the academic and popular literature has yet to provide unequivocal guidance for the development of high performance boardrooms. This study fills an important gap in the prevailing corporate governance literature by integrating both structural and socio-cognitive factors into the design framework of the board of directors.