bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Any one of us could be among that number’: Comparing the Policy Narratives for Individualized Disability Funding in Australia and England
Authors: Needham Catherine , Dickinson Helen 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this article we compare the introduction of individualized budget policies for people with disabilities in Australia and England. Data is drawn from semi‐structured interviews undertaken in Australia with politicians, policymakers, providers, disability rights groups and care planners, along with analysis of policy documents. This data is compared to the authors’ earlier research from England on the personalization narrative. We argue that the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) currently being introduced in Australia deploys an insurance storyline, emphasizing risk‐pooling and the minimizing of future liabilities. This contrasts with the dominant storyline in England in which attention has focused on the right to choice and control for a minority of the population. This difference can be explained by the different financial context: the NDIS needed to build public and political support for a large increase in funding for disability services, whereas in England the reforms have been designed as cost‐neutral. Tensions in the English narrative have been about the extent to which personalization reforms empower the individual as a consumer, with purchasing power, or as a citizen with democratic rights. Australia's approach can be characterized as a form of social investment, evoking tensions between the citizenship of people with disabilities now and the future worker‐citizen.
Coupling of excitation to Ca2+ release is modulated by dysferlin
Authors: Lukyanenko Valeriy , Muriel Joaquin M. , Bloch Robert J. 
Published: June 2017

Key points
Dysferlin, the protein missing in limb girdle muscular dystrophy 2B and Miyoshi myopathy, concentrates in transverse tubules of skeletal muscle, where it stabilizes voltage‐induced Ca2+ transients against loss after osmotic shock injury (OSI).
Local expression of dysferlin in dysferlin‐null myofibres increases transient amplitude to control levels and protects them from loss after OSI.
Inhibitors of ryanodine receptors (RyR1) and L‐type Ca2+ channels protect voltage‐induced Ca2+ transients from loss; thus both proteins play a role in injury in dysferlin's absence. Effects of Ca2+‐free medium and S107, which inhibits SR Ca2+ leak, suggest the SR as the primary source of Ca2+ responsible for the loss of the Ca2+ transient upon injury.
Ca2+ waves were induced by OSI and suppressed by exogenous dysferlin.
We conclude that dysferlin prevents injury‐induced SR Ca2+ leak.
AbstractDysferlin concentrates in the transverse tubules of skeletal muscle and stabilizes Ca2+ transients when muscle fibres are subjected to osmotic shock injury (OSI). We show here that voltage‐induced Ca2+ transients elicited in dysferlin‐null A/J myofibres were smaller than control A/WySnJ fibres. Regional expression of Venus‐dysferlin chimeras in A/J fibres restored the full amplitude of the Ca2+ transients and protected against OSI. We also show that drugs that target ryanodine receptors (RyR1: dantrolene, tetracaine, S107) and L‐type Ca2+ channels (LTCCs: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem) prevented the decrease in Ca2+ transients in A/J fibres following OSI. Diltiazem specifically increased transients by ∼20% in uninjured A/J fibres, restoring them to control values. The fact that both RyR1s and LTCCs were involved in OSI‐induced damage suggests that damage is mediated by increased Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) through the RyR1. Congruent with this, injured A/J fibres produced Ca2+ sparks and Ca2+ waves. S107 (a stabilizer of RyR1–FK506 binding protein coupling that reduces Ca2+ leak) or local expression of Venus‐dysferlin prevented OSI‐induced Ca2+ waves. Our data suggest that dysferlin modulates SR Ca2+ release in skeletal muscle, and that in its absence OSI causes increased RyR1‐mediated Ca2+ leak from the SR into the cytoplasm.
Antibody-Based Correlates of Protection against Cholera: Analysis of a Challenge Study of a Cholera-Naive Population
Authors: Haney Douglas J. , Lock Michael D. , Simon Jakub K. , Harris Jason , Gurwith Marc 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Immunologic correlates of protection can be used to infer vaccine efficacy for populations in which challenge trials or field studies are infeasible. In a recent cholera challenge trial (W. H. Chen et al., Clin Infect Dis 62:1329–1335, 2016,
https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciw145
), 134 North American cholera-naive volunteers were randomized to receive either the live, attenuated single-dose cholera vaccine CVD (Center for Vaccine Development) 103-HgR or placebo, and the titers of vibriocidal antibodies against the classical Inaba strain were assessed at 10 days after treatment. Subsequent to the immunologic evaluation, each subject ingested a fixed quantity of virulent
Vibrio cholerae
O1 El Tor Inaba. Data from this trial suggest that the vaccine-induced increase in the vibriocidal antibody titer prior to challenge is tightly linked with protection: 51/51 vaccinees with postvaccination vibriocidal antibody titers of ≥2,560 were protected against moderate/severe diarrhea, and 60/62 vaccinees who seroconverted or experienced a 4-fold or greater increase in vibriocidal antibody titer relative to prevaccination levels were similarly protected. Atypically high vibriocidal antibody titers were observed in some placebo subjects; protection was limited in these individuals and differed substantially from the level of protection experienced by vaccinees with the same postvaccination titers. Since only 1 of 66 placebo recipients experienced seroconversion, seroconversion was found to be uniquely associated with vaccination and insensitive to the effects of factors that can cause titers to be elevated but are weakly associated with protection. Thus, vibriocidal antibody seroconversion was found to be better than the vibriocidal antibody titer for inferring vaccine efficacy in cholera-naive populations for which studies based upon exposure to
V. cholerae
are impractical. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01895855.)
Breadth and Duration of Meningococcal Serum Bactericidal Activity in Health Care Workers and Microbiologists Immunized with the MenB-FHbp Vaccine
Authors: Lujan Eduardo , Partridge Elizabeth , Giuntini Serena , Ram Sanjay , Granoff Dan M. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

MenB-FHbp is a meningococcal serogroup B vaccine with two factor H binding protein (FHbp) antigens from subfamilies A and B. For licensure, efficacy was inferred from serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) responses to four reference strains. Only limited information is available on the breadth or duration of protective SBA responses to genetically diverse disease-causing strains. Seventeen health care or laboratory workers were immunized with two (
n
= 2) or three (
n
= 15) doses of MenB-FHbp at 0, 2, and 6 months. SBA levels were measured against 14 serogroup B case isolates, including 6 from U.S. college outbreaks and 2 from Quebec during hyperendemic disease. Compared with preimmunization titers, the proportion of subjects with ≥4-fold increases in SBA titer 1 month after 2 doses of vaccine ranged from 35% to 94% for six isolates with FHbp subfamily A and from 24% to 76% for eight isolates with subfamily B FHbp. The respective proportions with ≥4-fold titer increases at 1 month after dose 3 were 73% to 100% and 67% to 100%. At that time point, the proportion of subjects with titers of ≥1:4 (presumed sufficient for short-term protection) ranged from 93% to 100% for all 14 isolates. By 9 to 11 months after dose 3, 50% or fewer of the subjects with follow-up sera had protective titers of ≥1:4 for 4 of 9 isolates tested. Three doses of MenB-FHbp elicited short-term protective SBA responses to diverse disease-causing serogroup B strains. For some strains, serum titers declined to <1:4 by 9 to 11 months, which raises concerns about the duration of broad, long-term protection. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT02569632.)
The Ecology of Prions
Authors: Zabel Mark , Ortega Aimee 
Published: June 2017

SUMMARY
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) affects cervids and is the only known prion disease readily transmitted among free-ranging wild animal populations in nature. The increasing spread and prevalence of CWD among cervid populations threaten the survival of deer and elk herds in North America, and potentially beyond. This review focuses on prion ecology, specifically that of CWD, and the current understanding of the role that the environment may play in disease propagation. We recount the discovery of CWD, discuss the role of the environment in indirect CWD transmission, and consider potentially relevant environmental reservoirs and vectors. We conclude by discussing how understanding the environmental persistence of CWD lends insight into transmission dynamics and potential management and mitigation strategies.
Exploring an adapted Risk Behaviour Diagnosis Scale among Indigenous Australian women who had experiences of smoking during pregnancy: a cross-sectional survey in regional New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Gould Gillian Sandra , Bovill Michelle , Chiu Simon , Bonevski Billie , Oldmeadow Christopher 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesExplore Aboriginal women’s responses to an adapted Risk Behaviour Diagnosis (RBD) Scale about smoking in pregnancy.Methods and designAn Aboriginal researcher interviewed women and completed a cross-sectional survey including 20 Likert scales.SettingAboriginal Community Controlled Health Services, community groups and playgroups and Aboriginal Maternity Services in regional New South Wales, Australia.ParticipantsAboriginal women (n=20) who were pregnant or gave birth in the preceding 18 months; included if they had experiences of smoking or quitting during pregnancy.Primary and secondary outcome measuresPrimary outcomes: RBD constructs of perceived threat and perceived efficacy, dichotomised into high versus low. Women who had quit smoking, answered retrospectively. Secondary outcome measures: smoking status, intentions to quit smoking (danger control), protection responses (to babies/others) and fear control responses (denial/refutation). Scales were assessed for internal consistency. A chart plotted responses from low to high efficacy and low to high threat.ResultsRBD Scales had moderate-to-good consistency (0.67–0.89 Cronbach’s alpha). Nine women had quit and 11 were smoking; 6 currently pregnant and 14 recently pregnant. Mean efficacy level 3.9 (SD=0.7); mean threat 4.3 (SD=0.7). On inspection, a scatter plot revealed a cluster of 12 women in the high efficacy-high threat quadrant—of these 11 had quit or had a high intention of quitting. Conversely, a group with low threat-low efficacy (5 women) were all smokers and had high fear control responses: of these, 4 had low protection responses. Pregnant women had a non-significant trend for higher threat and lower efficacy, than those previously pregnant.ConclusionFindings were consistent with a previously validated RBD Scale showing Aboriginal smokers with high efficacy-high threat had greater intentions to quit smoking. The RBD Scale could have diagnostic potential to tailor health messages. Longitudinal research required with a larger sample to explore associations with the RBD Scale and quitting.
Emergency treatment of decompensated aortic stenosis
Authors: Bongiovanni Dario , Kühl Constantin , Bleiziffer Sabine , Stecher Lynne , Poch Felix , Greif Martin , Mehilli Julinda , Massberg Steffen , Frey Norbert , Lange Rüdiger , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Schymik Gerhard , Frank Derk , Kupatt Christian 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe optimal treatment of patients with acute and severe decompensation of aortic stenosis is unclear due to recent advances in transcatheter interventions and supportive therapies. Our aim was to assess the early outcome of emergency transcatheter aortic valve implantation (eTAVI) versus emergency balloon aortic valvuloplasty (eBAV) followed by TAVI under elective circumstances.MethodsEmergency conditions were defined as: cardiogenic shock with requirement of catecholamine therapy, severe acute dyspnoea (NYHA IV), cardiac resuscitation or mechanic respiratory support. The data were collected according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium 2 (VARC-2) criteria.ResultsIn five German centres, 23 patients (logistic Euroscore 37.7%±18.1) underwent eTAVI and 118 patients underwent eBAV (logistic Euroscore 35.3%±20.8). In the eTAVI group, immediate procedural mortality was 8.7%, compared with 20.3% for the eBAV group (p=0.19). After 30 days, cardiovascular mortality for the eTAVI group was 23.8% and for the eBAV group 33.0% (p=0.40). Analyses adjusting for potential confounders did not provide evidence of a difference between groups. Of note, the elective TAVI performed after eBAV (n=32, logistic Euroscore 25.9%±13.9) displayed an immediate procedural mortality of 9.4% and a cardiovascular mortality after 30 days of 15.6%. Major vascular complications were significantly more likely to occur after eTAVI (p=0.01) as well as stroke (p=0.01).ConclusionIn this multicentre cohort, immediate procedural and 30-day mortality of eTAVI and eBAV were high, and mortality of secondary TAVI subsequent to eBAV was higher than expected. Randomised study data are required to define the role of emergency TAVI in tertiary care centres with current device generations.
Prognostic predictors of early mortality from exsanguination in adult trauma: a Malaysian trauma center experience
Authors: Huei Tan Jih , Mohamad Yuzaidi , Lip Henry Tan Chor , Md Noh Norazlin , Imran Alwi Rizal 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundTrauma mortality due to exsanguination is the second most common cause of death. The objective of this study is to investigate the predictors for early death from exsanguination.MethodsA prognostic study was done to identify predictors of early mortality due to exsanguination. Data were extracted from our Trauma Surgery Registry database of Sultanah Aminah Hospital, Johor Bahru, Malaysia. All patients who were treated from May 1, 2011 to April 31, 2014 by the trauma team were included. Adult trauma patients included from the Trauma Surgery Registry were divided into two groups for analysis: early death from exsanguination and death from non-exsanguination/survivors. Univariate and multivariate analysis was performed to look for significant predictors of death from exsanguination. Variables analyzed were demography, mechanism of injury, organ injury scale, physiological parameters (systolic blood pressure (SBP), respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Revised Trauma Score (RTS), New Injury Severity Score (NISS), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS) and cause of death.ResultsA total of 2208 patients with an average age of 36 (±16) years were included. Blunt trauma was the majority with 90.5%, followed by penetrating injuries (9.2%). The overall mortality is 239 out of 2208 (10.8%). Seventy-eight patients (32.6%) died due to central nervous system injury, 69 due to sepsis (28.9%) and 58 due to exsanguination (24.3%). After multivariate analysis, age (OR 1.026 (1.009 to 1.044), p=0.002), SBP (OR 0.985 (0.975 to 0.995), p=0.003) and temperature (OR 0.203 (0.076 to 0.543), p=0.001) were found to be the significant physiological parameters. Intra-abdominal injury and NISS were significant anatomic mortality predictors from exsanguination (p<0.001). Patients with intra-abdominal injury had four times higher risk of mortality from exsanguination (OR 3.948 (2.331 to 6.686), p<0.001).DiscussionIn a Malaysian trauma center, age, SBP, core body temperature, intra-abdominal injury and NISS were significant predictors of early death from exsanguination.Level of evidenceII.
Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer: What Are We Missing?
Authors: Vonderheide Robert H. , Domchek Susan M. , Clark Amy S. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The recent demonstration of modest single-agent activity of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) and programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) antibodies in patients with breast cancer has generated hope that breast cancer can be made amenable to immunotherapy. Depending on the subtype of breast cancer, it is now clear in both primary and metastatic disease that the extent of tumor-infiltrating T cells is not only prognostic for survival but predictive of response to nonimmune, standard therapies. Despite these findings, immune cytolytic activity in spontaneous breast tumors, the burden of nonsynonymous tumor mutations, and the predicted load of neoepitopes—factors linked to response to checkpoint blockade in other malignancies—are all relatively modest in breast cancer compared with melanoma or lung cancer. Thus, in breast cancer, combinations of immune agents with nonredundant mechanisms of action are high-priority strategies. For most breast cancers that exhibit relatively modest T-cell infiltration, major challenges include immune suppression in the tumor microenvironment as well as failed or suboptimal T-cell priming. Agents that trigger de novo T-cell responses may be critical for the successful development of cancer immunotherapy and immune prevention in breast cancer. Success may also require reaching beyond nonsynonymous mutations as the T-cell epitopes to target, especially as numerous unmutated proteins were validated as breast cancer–associated antigens in the pre-checkpoint era. A deeper understanding of the immunobiology of breast cancer will be critical for immunotherapy to become broadly relevant in this disease. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); 2640–6. ©2017 AACR.
See all articles in this CCR Focus section, “Breast Cancer Research: From Base Pairs to Populations.”
Recommendations for Childhood Cancer Screening and Surveillance in DNA Repair Disorders
Authors: Walsh Michael F. , Chang Vivian Y. , Kohlmann Wendy K. , Scott Hamish S. , Cunniff Christopher , Bourdeaut Franck , Molenaar Jan J. , Porter Christopher C. , Sandlund John T. , Plon Sharon E. , Wang Lisa L. , Savage Sharon A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
DNA repair syndromes are heterogeneous disorders caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins key in DNA replication and/or the cellular response to DNA damage. The majority of these syndromes are inherited in an autosomal-recessive manner, but autosomal-dominant and X-linked recessive disorders also exist. The clinical features of patients with DNA repair syndromes are highly varied and dependent on the underlying genetic cause. Notably, all patients have elevated risks of syndrome-associated cancers, and many of these cancers present in childhood. Although it is clear that the risk of cancer is increased, there are limited data defining the true incidence of cancer and almost no evidence-based approaches to cancer surveillance in patients with DNA repair disorders. This article is the product of the October 2016 AACR Childhood Cancer Predisposition Workshop, which brought together experts from around the world to discuss and develop cancer surveillance guidelines for children with cancer-prone disorders. Herein, we focus on the more common of the rare DNA repair disorders: ataxia telangiectasia, Bloom syndrome, Fanconi anemia, dyskeratosis congenita, Nijmegen breakage syndrome, Rothmund–Thomson syndrome, and Xeroderma pigmentosum. Dedicated syndrome registries and a combination of basic science and clinical research have led to important insights into the underlying biology of these disorders. Given the rarity of these disorders, it is recommended that centralized centers of excellence be involved directly or through consultation in caring for patients with heritable DNA repair syndromes. Clin Cancer Res; 23(11); e23–e31. ©2017 AACR.
See all articles in the online-only CCR Pediatric Oncology Series.
Um estudo das estratégias de internacionalização das indústrias farmacêuticas brasileiras
Authors: Pereira Antonio José Patrocinio , Gomes Josir Simeone 
Published: June 2017

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as estratégias de internacionalização utilizadas por quatro indústrias farmacêuticas brasileiras. A metodologia empregada foi a de estudo de caso. A literatura sobre estratégias de internacionalização das empresas ao longo das últimas décadas pode ser dividida sob dois enfoques distintos: a econômica e sob o enfoque organizacional. Considerando as estratégias adotadas pelas farmacêuticas, nota-se uma aproximação com o modelo econômico do paradigma eclético e com o modelo comportamental da Escola de Uppsala. Percebeu-se que o modo de entrada na Internacionalização, da EUROFARMA, EMS e CRISTÁLIA foi por exportação adotando o processo de gradualismo do modelo Uppsala, e a BIOLAB por via contratual e não considerou a menor distância psíquica em relação aos demais laboratórios. Todas com foco em P& D, Inovação e encontram-se em estágios diferentes em seu processo de internacionalização, gerando um aprendizado organizacional que lhes tem permitido se manterem competitivas no mercado internacional.
Who Thought That Early Christians Formed Associations?
Authors: Eckhardt Benedikt 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn the long-standing debate whether or not early Christians formed associations like their non-Christian contemporaries (collegia, θίασοι vel sim.), it has always been taken for granted that this is how they were seen by at least some authors in the second centuryad. However, a close investigation of the relevant texts by Pliny, Lucian, Celsus and Tertullian shows that this assumption is in fact unwarranted. The comparison may be fruitful as a scholarly enterprise, but the argument that it was already a preoccupation of ancient observers needs to be abandoned.
Nonlinear Energy Transfer among Ocean Internal Waves in the Wake of a Moving Cyclone
Authors: Meroni Agostino N. , Miller Madeline D. , Tziperman Eli , Pasquero Claudia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe nonlinear dynamics leading to the generation of superinertial internal waves in the ocean, in the wake of a cyclonic storm, is investigated by means of theoretical arguments and of numerical integration of the hydrostatic Boussinesq equations in a simplified, realistic, open-ocean setting. The velocity fields are first decomposed into internal baroclinic modes, and then the energy transfer across modes and at different frequencies is calculated analytically. The energy transfer across modes is dominated by the advection of high-mode m waves by the second- and third-mode waves (n = 2 or 3), which are the most energetic, and this results in the excitation of the l = m − 2 or m − 3 mode wave at the double-inertial frequency. The analyzed nonlinear interactions lead to a transfer of energy from near-inertial waves, directly excited by the storm, to superinertial waves, which typically propagate faster and farther than their lower-frequency parents and can lead to internal mixing even at large distances from the region of large air–sea momentum fluxes. Energy is found to flow from large to small scales as well. Thus, the double-inertial peak formation is thought to represent a small but fundamental intermediate step in the energy cascade toward dissipation.