bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syringomatous Structures in Extramammary Paget Disease: A Potential Diagnostic Pitfall
Authors: Konstantinova Anastasia M. , Hayes Malcolm M. , Stewart Colin J. R. , Plaza Jose A. , Michal Michal , Kerl Katrin , Kazakov Dmitry V. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract:
Primary extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is a form of intraepithelial adenocarcinoma. Different morphological changes may accompany EMPD, including the presence of syringoma-like structures. The authors report 10 cases of EMPD, all of which manifested syringoma-like structures within the dermis both in areas involved by the carcinoma and beyond, including at the margins of the excisions. All patients were women, whose ages ranged from 49 to 93 years (median 75 years). The possible pathogenesis of the syringoma-like lesions is discussed. Awareness of these structures in vulvectomy specimens for EMPD is important to prevent misinterpretation of the syringoma-like lesions as an invasive component of the EMPD.
INTRAVITREAL BEVACIZUMAB IN THE MANAGEMENT OF BREAST CANCER IRIS METASTASIS
Authors: Seidman Carly J. , Finger Paul T. , Silverman Joshua S. , Oratz Ruth 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of neovascular and angle closure glaucoma secondary to breast cancer metastatic to the iris that was successfully treated with injections of intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) 1.25 mg/0.05 mL.

Methods:
Case report.

Patients:
A 47-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer presented to The New York Eye Cancer Center with left ocular pain, photosensitivity, vision loss, and multiple iris nodules. Her intraocular pressure was uncontrolled. Gonioscopy revealed neovascularization of the iris and angle; no choroidal neovascularization was noted. Ultrasound biomicroscopy demonstrated tumor invasion of iris stroma with marked anterior uveal thickening and narrowed angles.

Results:
Three monthly injections of intravitreal bevacizumab resulted in nearly complete resolution of iris neovascularization, reduction of intraocular pressure, and control of tumor (although a small amount of residual tumor remained).

Conclusion:
Intravitreal anti–vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for breast cancer metastatic to the iris with secondary neovascular glaucoma provided good local control for a limited follow-up period, because the patient died because of systemic complications of her disease.
Positive Effects of Subdermal Lipotransfer on Pig’s Upper Eyelid Skin: Mature Adipocytes or Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Alone Contribute Little and Only Cotransplantation of Them Can Generate Benefits
Authors: Wang Qianwen , Wang Xiao , Zhou Lu , Wang Jiaqi , Wang Tailing 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Many studies have shown that autologous fat grafting and cell-assisted lipotransfer can improve skin quality, with both mature adipocytes (MAs) and adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) considered to play a role. However, it is unclear whether transplantation of ADSCs or MAs has the same impact on the overlying skin.

Methods:
Nine pigs were divided into 3 equal groups, with lipoaspirates obtained from the porcine dorsum of each pig. Transplant content was injected into the right upper eyelids, while the left eyelids were used as controls. Following cellular isolation, 1 group underwent MA grafting, 1 underwent ADSCs transplantation, and 1 underwent cotransplantation of MAs and ADSCs. Epidermal thickness, epidermal cell proliferation, dermal thickness, collagen content, and arteriole density were examined.

Results:
While no significant skin changes in the areas examined were noted following MAs or ADSCs transplantations, the cotransplantation of MAs and ADSCs resulted in significant increases in epidermal cell proliferation, dermal thickness, collagen content, and arteriole density.

Conclusion:
Subdermal injection of MAs or ADSCs alone does not significantly impact the overlying skin and the benefits to the skin can only be seen when MAs and ADSCs are cotransplanted; these findings suggest that ADSCs-enhanced fat grafting is necessary for the aim of antiaging treatments.
Iodine-131 Therapy and Nasolacrimal Duct Obstructions: What We Know and What We Need to Know
Authors: Ali Mohammad Javed 
Published: February 2016

Purpose:
The aims of the current review are to summarize the etiopathogenesis, symptomatology, management, complications, and outcomes of iodine-131-induced nasolacrimal duct obstructions, to propose a screening protocol and elucidate the potential avenues of future research.

Methods:
The authors performed an electronic database (PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) search of all articles published in English on nasolacrimal duct obstructions following radioiodine therapy. These articles were reviewed along with their relevant cross references. Data reviewed included demographics, presentations, investigations, management, complications, and outcomes. In addition, based on relevant unanswered questions and current lacunae in literature, potential avenues for further research have been elucidated.

Results:
The frequency of nasolacrimal duct obstruction is reported to range from 2.2% to 18% following I-131 therapy. They are mostly bilateral and noted in patients who receive more than 150 mCi radioiodine. Exact etiopathogenesis is unknown but radiotoxicity to lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct is believed to be mediated through a sodium-iodine symporter protein. Although uncommon, it is important to increase awareness among treating physicians and patients receiving radioiodine therapy about the potential side effect of nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Imaging modalities are useful adjuncts in the diagnosis. Dacryocystorhinostomy is the most common modality of management with good outcomes.

Conclusions:
Nasolacrimal duct obstruction following radioiodine treatment is a distinct clinical entity. Increased awareness would facilitate timely diagnosis, management, and an enhanced quality of life for the patients.
Randomized clinical trial comparing 10-day sequential, 7-day concomitant and 7-day standard triple therapies for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Tepeš Bojan , Vujasinović Miroslav , Šeruga Maja , Stefanovič Milan , Forte Alenka , Jeverica Samo 
Published: February 2016

Objectives
To compare triple therapy with sequential and concomitant therapies directly in a head-to-head comparison in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients.

Design
Patients were allocated randomly as follows: a triple therapy with esomeprazole (20 mg), amoxicillin (1000 mg) and clarithromycin (500 mg) twice daily for 7 days; a sequential therapy with 5 days of esomeprazole (20 mg) and amoxicillin (1000 mg) twice daily, followed by 5 days of esomeprazole (20 mg), clarithromycin (500 mg) and metronidazole (400 mg) twice daily; or a concomitant therapy consisting of esomeprazole (20 mg), amoxicillin (1000 mg), clarithromycin (500 mg) and metronidazole (400 mg) twice daily for 7 days.

Results
A total of 356 consecutive patients were included. The eradication rates for the triple, sequential and concomitant therapies were 83.6% [95% confidence interval (CI) 76.9–90.4%], 94.2% (95% CI 90.0–98.4%) and 91.7% (95% CI 86.7–96.6%), respectively, in the intention-to-treat population. The differences were significant only between triple and sequential therapies (P=0.01). The primary resistance rates to amoxicillin, clarithromycin and metronidazole were 0.6, 10.5 and 25.9%, respectively. Concomitant therapy was significantly better than triple therapy in cases with clarithromycin resistance (P=0.01).

Conclusion
Ten-day sequential therapy was significantly better than 7-day triple therapy in a clinical setting with low rates of clarithromycin and dual resistance. Concomitant therapy was significantly better than standard triple therapy in the subgroup of patients with clarithromycin-resistant strains.
Endoscopic Evaluation in Children With End‐Stage Liver Disease–Associated Portal Hypertension Awaiting Liver Transplant
Authors: Ng Nicholas Beng Hui , Karthik Sivaramakrishnan Venkatesh , Aw Marion Margaret , Quak Seng Hock 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Routine oesophago‐gastro‐duodenoscopy (OGD) pre‐liver transplantation (LT) for evaluation and management of gastrointestinal (GI) pathology, in particular GI varices secondary to portal hypertension, is common practice in adult LT programmes. There is no universal consensus for this practice in children. We report our endoscopic experience in children with end‐stage liver disease (ESLD) pre‐LT.Methods:Retrospective audit of LT database and review of OGD findings of patients who had undergone endoscopy preceding LT.Results:Of 69 patients with ESLD, 50 (72.4%) had pre‐LT OGD, 37 of which were done electively, whereas the remaining 13 were event driven. Forty‐eight (96%) patients who underwent OGD had abnormalities, in which 38 (76%) patients had varices and 23 (46%) had portal hypertensive gastropathy. Eleven (22%) patients required therapeutic intervention at initial OGD either with endoscopic variceal band ligation or endoscopic sclerotherapy. Compared with the group who underwent elective OGDs, the group who had event‐driven OGDs had a significantly higher requirement for endoscopic intervention (P < 0.0001), occurrence of rebleeding (P < 0.029) and requirement for repeat OGDs (P = 0.014). There was no significant difference in terms of patient (P = 0.2746) or graft survival (P = 0.3192) between the 2 groups.Conclusions:The role of pre‐LT OGDs in patients with ESLD associated with portal hypertension is possibly limited to control of bleeding during episodes of GI bleed, where the aim would be to stabilize the patient until eventual LT. Multicentre prospective studies are required to provide more evidence on the use of routine endoscopy for pre‐LT assessment in children.
Coping Strategies at the Time of Diagnosis and Quality of Life 2 Years Later
Authors: Bonnaud-Antignac Angélique , Bourdon Marianne , Dréno Brigitte , Quéreux Gaëlle 
Published: February 2016

Background:
While coping has been found to have time-lagged effects on psychological adjustment in cancer patients, studies addressing this issue are missing in melanoma patients.

Objective:
The aim of this study was to provide more insight into the links between coping strategies at the time of diagnosis and quality of life (QOL) 2 years later in patients with primary cutaneous melanoma.

Methods:
Patients who received diagnosis of melanoma (n = 78) were assessed regarding coping strategies within 1 month of diagnosis (T1); their anxiety, depression, control, QOL, and life satisfaction were evaluated 24 months later (T2). Relevant medical and sociodemographic data were collected at T1 and T2. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed.

Results:
Consistent with the literature, we found that higher positive reframing was associated with greater life satisfaction and that increased behavioral disengagement was related to decreased cognitive functioning. Surprisingly, our results highlighted that higher active coping predicted lower emotional functioning and that greater religious coping was associated with more reports of nausea symptoms. We also noticed that depression was strongly related to QOL beyond the end of interferon α therapy.

Conclusion:
The findings of the present study suggest that specific coping strategies may have time-lagged effects on QOL when the treatment is completed.

Implications for Practice:
These findings provide new insights into the coping strategies that could be promoted in coping skills interventions in dermatology units and reveal the significant role of preventive care concerning the posttreatment period.
Efficient analysis of large datasets and sex bias with ADMIXTURE
Authors: Shringarpure Suyash S. , Bustamante Carlos D. , Lange Kenneth , Alexander David H. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackground: A number of large genomic datasets are being generated for studies of human ancestry and diseases. The ADMIXTURE program is commonly used to infer individual ancestry from genomic data.Results:We describe two improvements to the ADMIXTURE software. The first enables ADMIXTURE to infer ancestry for a new set of individuals using cluster allele frequencies from a reference set of individuals. Using data from the 1000 Genomes Project, we show that this allows ADMIXTURE to infer ancestry for 10,920 individuals in a few hours (a 5x speedup). This mode also allows ADMIXTURE to correctly estimate individual ancestry and allele frequencies from a set of related individuals. The second modification allows ADMIXTURE to correctly handle X-chromosome (and other haploid) data from both males and females. We demonstrate increased power to detect sex-biased admixture in African-American individuals from the 1000 Genomes project using this extension.Conclusions:These modifications make ADMIXTURE more efficient and versatile, allowing users to extract more information from large genomic datasets.
Group foraging decisions in nutritionally differentiated environments
Authors: Hansen Matthew J. , Schaerf Timothy M. , Simpson Stephen J. , Ward Ashley J. W. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryForaging behaviour must be flexible enough to adapt to heterogeneities in the distribution and quality of food resources. Accurate models of optimal foraging behaviour should acknowledge the extent to which animals can detect and regulate their intake of food based on smaller scale differences in food types. In particular, consideration of macro‐nutrient distribution and how animals perceive this is limited in studies of optimal foraging, particularly in vertebrates and for animals that forage in groups.Here, we track shoals of eight mosquitofish as they forage in two environments that contain equal amounts of available energy but differ in their distribution of macro‐nutrients. We provide empirical evidence that fish will distribute themselves within an environment in relation to the distribution of specific macro‐nutrients.Also, fish make foraging decisions based on the macronutrient composition of patches, such that their durations on patches are longer when they have a higher concentration of protein and lower concentration of carbohydrate. The ratio of protein to carbohydrate does not affect the probability of a fish joining a patch, however, with low numbers of fish on the patch the probability of a fish leaving is greater per unit time step in the patches with a low protein to carbohydrate ratio than the patches with a high protein to carbohydrate ratio.This study confirms the importance of considering the macro‐nutrient composition of foods when considering the movement decisions of foraging groups and thus has important consequences for developing more accurate foraging models that take into account the distribution of macro‐nutrients in the environment. The results suggest the spatial distribution of nutrients on a landscape scale could influence grouping patterns and social interactions, thus affecting population dynamics.
‘You're looking for different parts in a jigsaw’: foetal MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) as an emerging technology in professional practice
Authors: Reed Kate , Kochetkova Inna , Molyneux‐Hodgson Susan 
Published: February 2016

AbstractMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was first introduced into clinical practice during the 1980s. Originally used as a diagnostic tool to take pictures of the brain, spine, and joints, it is now used to visualise a range of organs and soft tissue around the body. Developments in clinical applications of the technology are rapid and it is often viewed as the ‘gold standard’ in many areas of medicine. However, most existing sociological work on MRI tends to focus on the profession of radiology, little is known about the impact of MRI on a broader range of clinical practice. This article focuses on MRI use in pregnancy, a relatively new application of the technology. Drawing on empirical research with a range of health professionals (from radiologists to pathologists) in the North of England, this article asks: how do different types of health professionals engage with the technology and to what end? It will argue that MRI use in pregnancy offers an increasingly important piece of the diagnostic jigsaw, often acting as a bridging technology between medical specialties. The implications of this will be explored in the context of broader sociological debates on the ‘visualisation’ of medicine and its impact on professionals.
A New Power in the Late Fourteenth‐Century Low Countries: Philip the Bold's Planned Franco‐Burgundian Invasion of England and Scottish Alliance, 1385–1386
Authors: Crombie Laura 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThis article considers the power of Philip the Bold, duke of Burgundy and count of Flanders, Artois and Burgundy Palatine, and his attempts to use violence against England to strengthen his rule in the Low Countries, and help to secure his nephew's rule in France. In 1385, and again in 1386, he came close to launching a large‐scale invasion of England with the support of Scotland and of Brittany that had the potential to remove English influence from Flanders and even force Richard II to give up claims to the French throne. The invasions have been considered from a French and English perspective, and in adding a Burgundian view the present article pulls together English, French, Flemish and Scots source to offer a full analysis of the motivations for the invasion, showing the significance of the Hundred Year War for the rulers of Flanders. Philip's planned invasion capitalized on weaknesses in England, on growing hawkish parties in Scotland, on unity in France and on his own power in the Low Countries. Although the invasions never left Sluis, the attempt to retake the initiative, and to change the balance of power in Europe, merits further consideration for the ambition of Philip and for the centrality of the Low Countries for fourteenth‐century Europe.
Explaining Rules‐Based Characteristics in U.S. GAAP: Theories and Evidence
Authors: DONELSON DAIN C. , MCINNIS JOHN , MERGENTHALER RICHARD D. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTDespite debate on the desirability of rules‐based standards, no studies provide evidence on why accounting standards take on rules‐based characteristics. We identify and test five theories from prior research (litigation risk, constraining opportunism, complexity, transaction frequency, and age) that could explain why some U.S. accounting standards contain rules‐based characteristics. Litigation risk and complexity are most consistently related to cross‐sectional and time‐series variation in rules‐based characteristics. We find more limited evidence that frequent transactions, age, and desires by regulators to constrain opportunistic reporting are related to rules‐based standards. We note, however, that our findings are necessarily descriptive because standards arise endogenously from market and political forces, limiting causal interpretation. Further, it is difficult to perfectly separate rules‐based characteristics of the standard from both the complexity of the standard and the characteristics of the underlying transaction, including the complexity of the transaction.
Concordance Rate for the Identification of Distant Entrance Gunshot Wounds of the Back by Experienced Forensic Pathologists Examining Only Images of Autopsies
Authors: Heninger Michael 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe images of 66 gunshot entrance wounds with a defect on the back, a bullet in the body, hemorrhage along the wound track, and logical certainty that it was an entrance wound were collected from the files of a moderately busy medical examiner's office. Participants numbering 22 board‐certified forensic pathologists viewed a single digital archival image of each of the 66 entrance wounds randomly mixed with 74 presumptive exit wounds to determine whether they were entrance or exit wounds. The concordance rate for correctly identifying the 66 logically known entrance wounds was 82.8% with a range from 58% to 97%. This pilot study was conducted to provide an evidence‐based approach to the interpretation of the direction of gunshot wounds by reviewing pathologists with access only to archival photographs, and it is not a measure of the accuracy to distinguish entrance from exit wounds when given all of the circumstances.
Microbial extracellular electron transfer and its relevance to iron corrosion
Authors: Kato Souichiro 
Published: February 2016

SummaryExtracellular electron transfer (EET) is a microbial metabolism that enables efficient electron transfer between microbial cells and extracellular solid materials. Microorganisms harbouring EET abilities have received considerable attention for their various biotechnological applications, including bioleaching and bioelectrochemical systems. On the other hand, recent research revealed that microbial EET potentially induces corrosion of iron structures. It has been well known that corrosion of iron occurring under anoxic conditions is mostly caused by microbial activities, which is termed as microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Among diverse MIC mechanisms, microbial EET activity that enhances corrosion via direct uptake of electrons from metallic iron, specifically termed as electrical MIC (EMIC), has been regarded as one of the major causative factors. The EMIC‐inducing microorganisms initially identified were certain sulfate‐reducing bacteria and methanogenic archaea isolated from marine environments. Subsequently, abilities to induce EMIC were also demonstrated in diverse anaerobic microorganisms in freshwater environments and oil fields, including acetogenic bacteria and nitrate‐reducing bacteria. Abilities of EET and EMIC are now regarded as microbial traits more widespread among diverse microbial clades than was thought previously. In this review, basic understandings of microbial EET and recent progresses in the EMIC research are introduced.
From Global to Local: Providing Actionable Flood Forecast Information in a Cloud‐Based Computing Environment
Authors: Perez J. Fidel , Swain Nathan R. , Dolder Herman G. , Christensen Scott D. , Snow Alan D. , Nelson E. James , Jones Norman L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractGlobal and continental scale flood forecast provide coarse resolution flood forecast, but from the perspective of emergency management, flood warnings should be detailed and specific to local conditions. The desired refinement can be provided by the use of downscaling global scale models and through the use of distributed hydrologic models to produce a high‐resolution flood forecast. Three major challenges associated with transforming global flood forecasting to a local scale are addressed in this work. The first is using open‐source software tools to provide access to multiple data sources and lowering the barriers for users in management agencies at local level. This can be done through the Tethys Platform that enables web water resources modeling applications. The second is finding a practical solution for the computational requirements associated with running complex models and performing multiple simulations. This is done using Tethys Cluster that manages distributed and cloud computing resources as a companion to the Tethys Platform for web app development. The third challenge is discovering ways to downscale the forecasts from the global extent to the local context. Three modeling strategies have been tested to address this, including downscaling of coarse resolution global runoff models to high‐resolution stream networks and routing with Routing Application for Parallel computatIon of Discharge (RAPID), the use of hierarchical Gridded Surface and Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis (GSSHA) distributed models, and pre‐computed distributed GSSHA models.