bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Wills Eye Glaucoma App: Interest of Patients and Their Caregivers in a Smartphone-based and Tablet-based Glaucoma Application
Authors: Waisbourd Michael , Dhami Hermandeep , Zhou Chen , Hsieh Michael , Abichandani Pramod , Pro Michael J. , Moster Marlene R. , Katz L. Jay , Hark Lisa A. , Myers Jonathan S. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To evaluate the interest of glaucoma patients and their caregivers in a smartphone-based and tablet-based glaucoma application (App), developed by the Wills Eye Glaucoma Research Center in collaboration with Drexel University.

Materials and Methods:
Cross-sectional survey of patients with glaucoma and their caregivers. Main outcome measures are answers to survey questions regarding how receptive participants are to using the Glaucoma App.

Results:
Fifty subjects completed the survey. The mean age (SD) was 59.5 (±17.3) years. A total of 88.6% of the participants lived in a household with access to a smartphone or tablet. The majority (72.3%) of participants would consider downloading the Glaucoma App, and younger participants (<65 y) were more likely to do so compared with their older (≥65 y) counterparts, P=0.025. Participants were more likely to download the App if it was free of charge, compared with a version that costs $3, P=0.018. Although only about one third (37.8%) of participants used eye drop reminders, nearly 3 of 4 (72.9%) participants were receptive to using the automated reminder feature of the Glaucoma App.

Conclusions:
Glaucoma patients and their caregivers were very interested in using a Glaucoma App; however, many were not willing to spend $3 for an App they seem to value. The free Wills Eye Glaucoma App currently available on the Apple store, includes educational videos, eye drop and appointment reminders, medical and ocular data storage, visual field tutorial, and intraocular pressure tracker. These features aim to increase patients’ level of knowledge about glaucoma and improve their adherence to medication and follow-up appointment recommendations.
Acute Primary Angle Closure in the Fellow Eye as a Complication of Facedown Position After Vitrectomy Surgery
Authors: Lin Zhong , Wu Ronghan , Moonasar Nived , Zhou Yehui 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To report a case of acute primary angle closure that developed in the fellow eye rapidly after facedown position after vitrectomy surgery.

Patients and Methods:
A 66-year-old female developed acute primary angle closure in the fellow eye approximately 1.5 hours after facedown position after vitrectomy surgery for macular hole.

Results:
The intraocular pressure was controlled after treatment that included halting the facedown position, intravenous mannitol injection, and topical pilocarpine instillation. Facedown position was continued after laser peripheral iridotomy was performed. The intraocular pressure was controlled within normal range even after pilocarpine was withdrawn.

Conclusions:
Although rare, the potential risk of acute-angle closure should be explicitly explained to patients being considered for facedown position after vitrectomy. Prophylactic intervention, such as laser peripheral iridotomy, could be considered for anatomically predisposed eyes.
Patterns of Damage in Young Myopic Glaucomatous-appearing Patients With Different Optic Disc Tilt Direction
Authors: Lee Jong Eun , Lee Jiyun , Lee Jin Young , Kook Michael S. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to compare patterns of damage in young myopic glaucomatous-appearing patients with horizontal disc tilt (HDT) to a control group of patients with vertical disc tilt (VDT).

Patients and Methods:
We consecutively enrolled 104 eyes of 104 young, myopic, glaucomatous-appearing patients without or with early visual field (VF) defects. The eyes were divided into those with HDT or VDT. The clinical characteristics of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and VF damage were compared between groups after matching for age, refractive error, and neural rim area using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and standard automated perimetry 24-2 VF testing. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the risk factors associated with more advanced VF damage (mean deviation <−6 dB) at initial presentation.

Results:
The asymmetric loss of pRNFL thickness between hemispheres was significantly greater in the HDT group (P=0.002). Myopic eyes with HDT were more likely to have peripheral VF loss than those with VDT (P<0.05). HDT was an independent risk factor for more advanced VF loss at initial presentation (P=0.011).

Conclusions:
The disc tilt direction may be related to asymmetrical pRNFL loss and the location and gravity of VF loss at initial presentation in young myopic glaucomatous-appearing patients. These findings are clinically important for initial detection and planning the follow-up strategy in myopic glaucomatous-appearing eyes with different disc tilt directions.
Evaluation of a Trabecular Micro-Bypass Stent in Pseudophakic Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Ferguson Tanner J. , Berdahl John P. , Schweitzer Justin A. , Sudhagoni Ramu 
Published: August 2016

Purpose of the Study:
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the iStent Trabecular Micro-Bypass stent in pseudophakic patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Methods:
Retrospective, consecutive case series from October 2012 to May 2015 with no exclusion criteria. The series comprised 42 pseudophakic eyes with open-angle glaucoma that were implanted with 1 iStent. Data were collected preoperatively, and postoperative data were collected at 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3 and 6 months, 1 year, 18 months and 2 years. Data included intraocular pressure (IOP), number of glaucoma medications, the incidence of postoperative IOP pressure spikes ≥15 mm Hg at any timepoint, and the need for additional surgery.

Results:
The mean preoperative IOP was 20.26±6.00 mm Hg. At 1 year postoperatively, the mean IOP was 16.34±3.78 mm Hg (P<0.01). At 2 years postoperatively, the mean IOP was 13.62±4.55 (P<0.01). The mean number of glaucoma medications was 1.95±1.01 preoperative and 1.69±1.28 (P>0.05) at 1 year postoperatively. Postoperatively, 3 eyes (7%) experienced an IOP increase of 15 mm Hg above their baseline IOP that responded to topical therapy. In total, 96% of patients with an IOP≥19 mm Hg achieved a reduction in IOP at their last collected follow-up.

Conclusions:
The insertion of the iStent Trabecular Micro-Bypass stent effectively lowers IOP in pseudophakic patients with open-angle glaucoma. Although medication use was not significantly reduced postoperatively at 1 year, 80% of patients either experienced a reduction or no change in medication use. The safety profile appears favorable with a low rate of IOP spikes and only 1 patient requiring additional surgery.
Increased Cell Adhesion Molecules, PECAM-1, ICAM-3, or VCAM-1, Predict Increased Risk for Flare in Patients With Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Gu Phillip , Theiss Arianne , Han Jie , Feagins Linda A. 
Published: August 2016

Goals and Background:
Predicting the risk of flare-ups for patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is difficult. Alterations in gut endothelial regulation of mucosal immune homeostasis might be early events leading to flares in IBD. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs), in particular, are important in maintaining endothelial integrity and regulating the migration of leukocytes into the gut.

Study:
We evaluated the mRNA expression of various tight junction proteins, with an emphasis on CAMs, in 40 patients with IBD in clinical remission. Patients were retrospectively assessed at 6, 12, and 24 months after baseline colonoscopy, and at the end of all available follow-up (maximum 65 mo), for flare events to determine whether baseline mRNA expression was associated with subsequent flares.

Results:
At all follow-up points, the baseline expression of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), ICAM-3, and VCAM-1 was significantly higher in patients who flared than in those who did not (2.4-fold elevation, P=0.012 for PECAM-1; 1.9-fold increased, P=0.03 for ICAM-3; and 1.4-fold increased, P=0.02 for VCAM-1). PECAM-1 and ICAM-3 expression was significantly increased in patients who flared as early as 6 months after baseline colonoscopy. In contrast, there were no significant differences between patients with and without flares in baseline expression of other CAMs (ESAM, ICAM-1, ICAM-2, E-selectin, P-selectin, and MadCAM1).

Conclusions:
Increased expression of PECAM-1, ICAM-3, and VCAM-1 in colonic biopsies from patients with IBD in clinical remission is associated with subsequent flares. This suggests that increases in the expression of these proteins may be early events that lead to flares in patients with IBD.
Multiple biopsy passes and the risk of complications of percutaneous liver biopsy
Authors: Chi Heng , Hansen Bettina E. , Tang Wing Yin , Schouten Jeoffrey N.L. , Sprengers Dave , Taimr Pavel , Janssen Harry L.A. , de Knegt Robert J. 
Published: August 2016

Background and aim
To minimize the sample variability of liver biopsy, the tissue length should be at least 25 mm. Consequently, more than one biopsy pass is needed with cutting biopsy needles. We aimed to investigate the risk factors of biopsy-related complication, including the number of biopsy passes.

Methods
All consecutive liver biopsies performed between 2005 and 2014 were included. Biopsies were ultrasound assisted and performed with cutting biopsy needles. A complication was an event where the patient visited a healthcare provider because of biopsy-related complaints. Complications followed by hospitalization 2 or more days or intervention were considered severe.

Results
In total, 1806 liver biopsies were analyzed. Overall, 102 (5.6%) complications were observed, of which 31 (1.7%) were severe. One (0.06%) patient died. Common complications were pain (n=75/102; 74%) and bleeding (n=34/102; 33%). Two biopsy passes were not associated with an increased risk of complications compared with one biopsy pass [odds ratio (OR): 1.59; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.83–3.04; P=0.16], whereas three or more biopsy passes increased this risk compared with one (OR: 2.97; 95% CI: 1.38–6.42; P=0.005) or two biopsy passes (OR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.10–3.19; P=0.021). The risk of severe complications was not influenced by the number of biopsy passes (P>0.24). Hepatic malignancy (OR: 3.21; 95% CI: 1.18–8.73; P=0.022) and international normalized ratio 1.4 or more (OR: 7.03; 95% CI: 2.74–18.08; P<0.001) were risk factors of severe complications.

Conclusion
Severe complication rate and mortality were low. Performing multiple biopsy passes was not associated with severe complications, whereas hepatic malignancy or elevated international normalized ratio were associated with an increased risk.
The utility and yield of endoscopic ultrasonography for suspected choledocholithiasis in common gastroenterology practice
Authors: Quispel Rutger , van Driel Lydi M.W.J. , Veldt Bart J. , van Haard Paul M.M. , Bruno Marco J. 
Published: August 2016

Background and study aim
Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is an established diagnostic modality for diagnosing common bile duct (CBD) stones. Its use has led to a reduction in the number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) procedures performed for suspected choledocholithiasis. We aimed to explore the role of EUS in detecting CBD stones and/or sludge in common gastroenterology practice.

Patients and methods
We reviewed case records of 268 consecutive patients who underwent (EUS) procedures performed to confirm or rule out the presence of CBD stones and/or sludge between November 2006 and January 2011 in the Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, The Netherlands, which is a nonacademic community hospital.

Results
On the basis of EUS findings, 169 of 268 (63%) patients did not undergo ERCP and were therefore not exposed to its risk of complications. Patients with positive findings on EUS (n=99) all underwent ERCP and endoscopic sphincterotomy. Only 57 of 99 (58%) had positive findings at ERCP. The main contributing factors to this finding seem to be time interval between EUS and ERCP and the type of CBD content (i.e. sludge, one CBD stone or more than one CBD stone) described.

Conclusion
In our common gastroenterology practice, EUS plays an important role in selecting patients suspected to have CBD stones or sludge for ERCP. Much is to be learned about the probability of spontaneous passage of CBD stones and sludge into the duodenum.
Optical Coherence Tomography and Biometry in High Myopia with Tilted Disc
Authors: Moghadas Sharif Nasrin , Shoeibi Nasser , Ehsaei Asieh , Mallen Edward A. H. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to compare retinal thickness and biometric parameters between highly myopic eyes with and without tilted optic discs.

Methods
A total of 60 eyes from 60 highly myopic individuals (defined as a mean spherical equivalent refraction of −6.00 D or greater and axial length ≥26 mm) underwent detailed ophthalmic examination. Twenty-one eyes (13 females and 8 males; mean age: 29 ± 7 years) with tilted optic discs were recruited and compared with 39 eyes (23 females and 16 males; mean age: 28 ± 6 years) of control subjects without tilted optic discs using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) and the Lenstar biometer. Disc ovality was assessed using the ratio of minimum to maximum disc diameter (index of tilt). A ratio of ≤0.80 was considered as a tilted optic disc.

Results
There were no significant differences in biometric parameters between two groups. However, myopia in the tilted disc group was significantly greater compared to the non-tilted group (−8.82 ± 1.58 D vs. −7.84 ± 1.22 D, p = 0.01). Comparison of OCT sectoral macular nerve fiber layer measurements between groups showed significant differences in inner ring thicknesses for the nasal (p = 0.01), inferior (p < 0.001), and temporal (p = 0.04) quadrants. A significant difference was also seen in outer ring macular nerve fiber layer thickness for the temporal quadrant (p = 0.03). No significant differences were demonstrated in optic disc peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness between the two groups.

Conclusions
Mean spherical equivalent refractive error is strongly correlated with optic disc tilt; however, other biometric factors are independent of tilt. Structural examination of the eye using OCT can be employed to differentiate between eyes with tilted optic discs and those with normal discs. Peripapillary RNFL appears to be unaffected by tilted discs.
A Review of Cellular and Acellular Matrix Products: Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes
Authors: Hughes Olivia B. , Rakosi Adele , Macquhae Flor , Herskovitz Ingrid , Fox Joshua D. , Kirsner Robert S. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Wound healing is a dynamic process whereby cells, growth factors (GFs), and the extracellular matrix (ECM) interact to restore the architecture of damaged tissue. Chronic wounds can be difficult to treat due to the increased presence of inflammatory cells that degrade the ECM, GF, and cells necessary for wound healing to occur. Cellular and acellular matrix products can be used in the management of a variety of chronic wounds including venous, diabetic, and pressure ulcers and other conditions such as burns, epidermolysis bullosa, pyoderma gangrenosum, and surgical wounds. These matrices provide cells, GF, and other key elements that act as a scaffold and promote reepithelialization and revascularization of the wound bed.

Methods:
This article focuses on cellular and acellular matrix products that have been well-studied clinically with positive results in randomized clinical trials and widely available matrices for chronic nonhealing wounds. We present trial results as well as their indications, techniques, and outcomes.

Results:
There are a variety of matrix products available on the market. Some of these products are used to treat chronic wounds, for example, diabetic foot ulcers, venous leg ulcers, pyoderma gangrenosum, and pressure ulcers. In this review, we found that wounds of different etiologies have been treated with a variety of matrices, with successful outcomes compared with standard wound care.

Conclusions:
Both cellular and acellular matrix products are useful in the management of a variety of chronic wounds. These matrices provide cells, GF, and other key elements that promote reepithelialization and revascularization of the wound bed while preventing degradation of the ECM. The treatment of chronic wounds with matrix products in combination with standard wound care has been proven to aid in wound healing when added to standard of care.
Prevention of Pressure Ulcers in the Acute Care Setting: New Innovations and Technologies
Authors: Tran Jacquelynn P. , McLaughlin Jillian M. , Li Ramon T. , Phillips Linda G. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Pressure ulcers (PUs) challenge many in the healthcare field requiring costly and complex care. PUs result from prolonged ischemia and subsequent soft-tissue injury caused by unrelieved pressure over a bony prominence. Proper risk assessment and implementation of prevention strategies for PUs are crucial to providing comprehensive care while reducing healthcare costs. The emphasis has led to the expansion of research in PU prevention technologies in the recent years. The aim of this review is to present an evidence-based summary of some of the new innovations in PU prevention.

Methods:
A literature search was performed. Articles were included if the article discussed the cost, prevalence, assessment, diagnosis, and/or prevention of PUs. The literature search was limited to 2013 to 2016.

Results:
A total of 1393 potential studies were identified using the search criteria. Three hundred fifty-three articles were reviewed and when possible, preference for inclusion was given to those studies with a higher level of evidence or those discussing novel ideas/innovations.

Conclusion:
The summary of topics explored includes the following: the use of risk assessment scales as an adjunct in risk identification, the benefit of alternative support surfaces to aid in prevention as compared with standard hospital mattresses, effective repositioning strategies, silicone prophylactic dressing for shear reduction, microclimate control, nutritional considerations, use of electrical stimulation for spinal cord injury patients, and the importance of patient participation.
The Role of Dermal Matrices in Treating Inflammatory and Diabetic Wounds
Authors: Climov Mihail , Bayer Lauren R. , Moscoso Andrea V. , Matsumine Hajime , Orgill Dennis P. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Dermal matrices are used to improve healing in both acute and chronic wounds including diabetic and lower extremity wounds, burns, trauma, and surgical reconstruction. The use of dermal matrices for the closure of inflammatory ulcerations is less frequent but growing. Currently available products include decellularized dermis and semisynthetic matrices.

Methods:
A review of the published literature was performed to identify reports that use acellular dermal matrices in diabetic and inflammatory wounds. Studies were evaluated for quality and outcomes, and a level of evidence was assigned according to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons’ Rating Levels of Evidence. Case studies from the authors’ experience are also presented.

Results:
Seventeen primary studies evaluating the use of dermal matrices in diabetic ulcers were identified with 2 based on level I data. There are no prospective clinical trial reports of their use in atypical or inflammatory wounds, but there are several case studies.

Conclusions:
Treatment of diabetic and inflammatory wounds may include both medical and surgical modalities. The use of dermal matrices can be a useful adjunct, but their optimal use will require future clinical studies.
Update on the Role of Infection and Biofilms in Wound Healing: Pathophysiology and Treatment
Authors: Gompelman Michelle , van Asten Suzanne A. V. , Peters Edgar J. G. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Chronic wounds, and among these infected diabetic foot ulcers, are a worldwide problem. The poor treatment outcomes result in high healthcare costs, amputations, a decreased quality of life, and an increased mortality. These outcomes are influenced by several factors, including biofilm formation. A biofilm consists of pathogenic bacteria that are encased in an exopolysaccharide layer and communicate through secretion of signaling molecules. Bacteria that live in a biofilm are refractory to host responses and treatment.

Methods:
We performed a nonsystematic review of the currently published to-date medical biofilm literature. The review summarizes the evidence of biofilm in chronic wounds, the role of biofilm in wound healing, detection of biofilm, and available antibiofilm treatments. Articles containing basic science and clinical research, as well as systematic reviews, are described and evaluated. The articles have variable levels of evidence. All articles have been peer reviewed and meet the standards of evidence-based medicine.

Results:
Both animal and human studies have identified biofilm in chronic wounds and have suggested that healing might be influenced by its presence. A promising development in biofilm detection is rapid molecular diagnostics combined with direct microscopy. This technique, rather than classic culture, might support individualized treatment in the near future. A wide range of treatments for chronic wounds also influence biofilm formation. Several agents that specifically target biofilm are currently being researched.

Conclusions:
Biofilm formation has a substantial role in chronic wounds. Several diagnostic and therapeutic methods against biofilm are currently being developed.
Advanced Technologies to Improve Wound Healing: Electrical Stimulation, Vibration Therapy, and Ultrasound—What Is the Evidence?
Authors: Ennis William J. , Lee Claudia , Gellada Karen , Corbiere Thomas F. , Koh Timothy J. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Cellular energy is required for the healing cascade to occur. A combination of cells, cytokines, chemokines, tissue perfusion, an extracellular matrix, and local forces are also required to allow for human tissue repair to proceed. Although there are many examples of treatment options, energy-based therapies are the least understood, appreciated, and employed by practicing wound care physicians. The recent growth of tissue engineering has encouraged researchers to employ both electrical stimulation and therapeutic ultrasound (US) to stimulate cells, induce migration, and modify tissue constructs.

Methods:
The authors have reviewed the literature on electrical stimulation, US, and vibrational therapy and are providing an update to a prior 2007 publication on this topic. The hope was to provide a broad exposure to these treatments but not to create a comprehensive review. A table of evidence was generated from the recent literature to help guide treatment decisions for the clinician.

Results:
In the current literature, there is much debate over which treatment modality, dosage levels, and timing are optimal. There are numerous in-vitro-based publications that describe mechanism of action and several clinical articles that describe effectiveness of electrical stimulation and US, but few well-controlled and/or randomized trials. The absence of level one evidence has hindered the adoption of these techniques throughout the years. Three energy-based treatment options, electrical stimulation, vibration, and US, will be reviewed along with possible clinical applications

Conclusions:
Although most trials are underpowered with inconsistent treatment settings, physical therapy modality use is increasing in the clinical community. Recent guidelines reference the use of these treatments with increasing evidence level recommendations. At the present time, electrical stimulation carries the greatest level of evidence for clinical use.