bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible Role of the Myelinated Neural Network in the Parietal Peritoneum in Rats as a Mechanoreceptor
Authors: Tanaka Koichi , Kuwahara‐Otani Sachi , Maeda Seishi , Minato Yusuke , Yagi Hideshi 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTA network of myelinated nerve fibers in the peritoneum covers the abdominal wall. We studied the topographic distribution of this network, explored the fibers' destination in the central nervous system, and examined the markers in these fibers in order to identify the nature of the sensation conveyed by the network of nerve fibers in rats. We used Sihler's method, which stains myelinated fibers in whole mount materials, and observed a dense nerve network and endings toward the peritoneal cavity in the peritoneum that covers the abdomen's lateral bulge. We studied the axonal transport of cholera toxin subunit B to investigate the central projections of this network in order to identify its function. After applying the tracer in the peritoneum, we observed many labeled terminals in the medial part of laminae 3–5 of the spinal cord. A small number of labeled terminals was observed in the dorsal nucleus of Clarke and gracile nucleus. Labeled somata were observed in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Most (96%) were larger than 35 μm. We performed immunohistochemistry of the abdominal wall, using antiserum against the 200‐kD neurofilament (a marker for mechanosensory neurons). We observed many positive nerve fibers in the peritoneum. Because cell bodies in the DRG were large, their nerve terminals ended in the base of the dorsal horn, which is known to transmit proprioceptive information, and the network possesses the marker for mechanosensitive fibers; therefore, it appears that the myelinated nerve network conveys information about distension and/or contraction of the abdominal wall. Anat Rec, 300:1662–1669, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Frontal Sinus Development and Juvenile Age Estimation
Authors: Moore Kaitlin , Ross Ann 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTAssessment of development is an important component of age estimation in juveniles. One area that has not been fully investigated as a possible aging method is the development of the frontal sinus. The frontal sinuses form when the ectocranial table of the frontal bone separates from the endocranial table forming an air pocket in the bone. The endocranial table ceases growth with the brain, while the ectocranial table is displaced anteriorly as the facial bones continue growth. In order to examine growth and the utility of the frontal sinuses for age estimation, 392 radiographs were examined (♀=159 and ♂=233) from the Juvenile Radiograph Database at North Carolina State University and the Patricia Database from Mercyhurst University. The sample included individuals who ranged in age from 0 to 18 years. Anterior view (or AP) radiographs were examined and were grouped based upon the presence or absence of the frontal sinus. Individuals were grouped into four age categories. A one‐way ANOVA was performed to test whether developmental phase was related to age. Results from the ANOVA show that developmental phase is significantly related to age (P <.0001). An ordinal logistic regression was conducted to examine whether developmental phase could be used to predict age. The results of the logistic regression suggest that developmental phase is an accurate indicator of age (P <.0001, df = 1, Chi‐Squared = 537.2428); however, the age ranges can be quite wide and should be utilized alongside other established methods of age estimation. Anat Rec, 300:1609–1617, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel chemiluminescence sensor for the determination of indomethacin based on sulfur and nitrogen co‐doped carbon quantum dot–KMnO4 reaction
Authors: Hallaj Tooba , Amjadi Mohammad , Manzoori Jamshid L. , Azizi Neda 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe report on a simple and sensitive sulfur and nitrogen co‐doped carbon quantum dot (S,N‐CQD)‐based chemiluminescence (CL) sensor for the determination of indomethacin. S,N‐CQDs were prepared by a hydrothermal method and characterized by fluorescence spectra, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. To obtain the best CL system for determination of indomethacin, the reaction of S,N‐CQDs with some common oxidants was studied. Among the tested systems, the S,N‐CQD–KMnO4 reaction showed the highest sensitivity for the detection of indomethacin. Under optimum conditions, the calibration plot was linear over a concentration range of 0.1–1.5 mg L−1, with a limit of detection (3σ) of 65 μg L−1. The method was applied to the determination of indomethacin in environmental and biological samples with satisfactory results.
Design and Development of Efficient Bifunctional Catalysts by Tuning the Electronic Properties of Cobalt–Manganese Tungstate for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions
Authors: Karkera Guruprakash , Sarkar Tanmay , Bharadwaj Mridula Dixit , Prakash Annigere. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSolid‐state electrochemistry is drawing considerable interest as the interconversion of O2 and water playing an important role in energy conversion and storage technologies. With the aim of developing an efficient bifunctional catalyst by tuning the electronic properties and local structure around the 3d metal in CoWO4, solid solutions of Co1−xMnxWO4 are investigated. Nanocrystalline Co1−xMnxWO4 (x=0 to 1) phases with a unique exposure of low surface energy planes are synthesized by hydrothermal methods. Replacing an optimum amount of Co with Mn to enhance the catalytic activity leads a observation of a negative shift in the Co2+/3+ redox wave and onset of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), indicating a strong electronic interaction between the two elements. The composition corresponding to Co0.5Mn0.5WO4 has demonstrated great ability to catalyze both the OER and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with a combined overpotential of 0.89 V. It exhibited an OER current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an overpotential of 400 mV. Whereas ORR current density of 3 mA cm−2 is reached at a potential of 0.74 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). The density functional theory revealed that the substitution of Mn in CoWO4 elevate the 3d metal d band center closer to the Fermi energy and hence ease the electron transfer to facilitate ORR and OER.
N‐Aryl Groups Are Ubiquitous in Cross‐Dehydrogenative Couplings Because They Stabilize Reactive Intermediates
Authors: Tsang Althea S.‐K. , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Comba Peter , Kerscher Marion , Chan Bun , Todd Matthew H. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe mechanism of cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reactions has been examined by experimental and computational methods. We provide a rationale for the ubiquity of theN‐aryl group in these reactions. The aryl substituent stabilizes two intermediates and the high‐energy transition state that connects them, which together represent the rate‐determining step. This knowledge has enabled us to predict whether new CDC substrates will react either well or poorly.
Differential Attenuation of NMR Signals by Complementary Ion‐Exchange Resin Beads for De Novo Analysis of Complex Metabolomics Mixtures
Authors: Zhang Bo , Yuan Jiaqi , Brüschweiler Rafael 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA primary goal of metabolomics is the characterization of a potentially very large number of metabolites that are part of complex mixtures. Application to biofluids and tissue samples offers insights into biochemical metabolic pathways and their role in health and disease. 1D 1H and 2D 13C‐1H HSQC NMR spectra are most commonly used for this purpose. They yield quantitative information about each proton of the mixture, but do not tell which protons belong to the same molecule. Interpretation requires the use of NMR spectral databases, which naturally limits these investigations to known metabolites. Here, a new method is presented that uses complementary ion exchange resin beads to differentially attenuate 2D NMR cross‐peaks that belong to different metabolites. Based on their characteristic attenuation patterns, cross‐peaks could be clustered and assigned to individual molecules, including unknown metabolites with multiple spin systems, as demonstrated for a metabolite model mixture and E. coli cell lysate.
Synthesis of Macro‐Mesoporous MCM‐41 and Its Use in Methylene Blue Adsorption
Authors: Thome Andreas Georg , Harms Corinna , Roessner Frank 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMCM‐41 was synthesized in the presence of yeast cells (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The corresponding calcined material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, nitrogen sorption, and mercury porosimetry and compared to MCM‐41 silica synthesized in the absence of yeast. The material synthesized with yeast cells showed equally sized ordered mesoporous silica particles arranged around macropores. These macropores are negative replica of the yeast cells. This material has superior methylene blue adsorption properties from aqueous solution in comparison to ordinary MCM‐41.
The prediction of viscous losses and pressure drop in models of the human airways
Authors: Wells Andrew K. , Jones Ian P. , Hamill Ian S. , Bordas Rafel 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper examines the viscous flow resistance in branching tubes as applied to simplified models of the lungs and compares the results of computational fluid dynamics simulations for a range of conditions with measurement data. The results are in good agreement with the available measurement data for both inspiration and expiration. A detailed sensitivity analysis of the dissipation and viscous resistance in a branch then examines the ratio of the viscous resistance to that for a fully developed Poiseuille flow, Z. As other researchers have noted, the calculated resistances give lower values than those from the standard correlation of Pedley et al. The results demonstrate that the resistance is sensitive to the velocity profile upstream of the bifurcations and explain from fluid dynamical considerations the apparent sensitivity of the resistance to the generation number of the branch. The paper also suggests a revised value for the calibration constant in the expression for Z. Finally, a limited set of results are presented for junction losses, and for expiration.
Future extreme temperature and its impact on rice yield in China
Authors: Zhang Zhao , Chen Yi , Wang Chenzhi , Wang Pin , Tao Fulu 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTRice in China is increasingly suffered from extreme temperature stress (ETS) with ongoing climate change. It is projected that ETS would increase notably across the world in the future. However, the spatio‐temporal change of ETS in main rice planting areas in China is still unclear; and the future yield loss caused by ETS (YLETS) has seldom been investigated quantitatively. In this study, we first investigated the spatio‐temporal change of ETS across China under 20 climate change scenarios consisting of five global climate models and four Representative Carbon Pathways (2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5). Then, using a process‐based crop model (MCWLA‐Rice), its 30 sets of model parameters and the 20 climate change scenarios, we conducted a super‐ensemble assessment to investigate the YLETS over 2020–2049, relative to the baseline period (1980–2009), across China. The results showed that, an increased heat ETS and a decreased cold ETS would be expected for most areas. As a result, a large spatial variability of yield loss would be expected in the future, including severely cold stress for region I (northeastern China, single rice) and region IV (southern China, early rice), but severely heat stress for region III (the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, single rice) and region IV (southern China, late rice). Comparing yield loss from both ETS, a decreased change in yield loss would be mainly expected in region I (northeastern China, single rice), while an increased change for region III (the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River, single rice) and IV (southern China, late rice), with less change for region II (southwestern China, single rice) and IV (southern China, early rice). Finally, some adaptation measures were proposed for the ETS‐sensitive areas. Our findings are useful to develop effective policies to cope with climate risk and relieve ETS disasters.
A Retrospective Study of Cytogenetic Results From Amniotic Fluid in 5328 Fetuses With Abnormal Obstetric Sonographic Findings
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Lei Caixia , Wu Junping , Sun Haiyan , Yang Yuezhou , Zhang Yueping , Sun Xiaoxi 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of karyotype analysis of amniotic fluid for fetuses with abnormal sonographic findings and to determine the detection rates of abnormal karyotypes.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 5328 fetuses with abnormal sonographic findings in the first or second trimester enrolled from October 1998 and September 2015. Cytogenetic results from amniotic fluid were obtained in all of these pregnancies. Sonographic abnormalities were stratified according to anatomic system involvement.ResultsA total of 238 abnormal karyotypes were encountered in the 5328 fetuses (4.5%). The highest rate of chromosomal anomalies was in fetuses with structural abnormalities in multiple organ systems (25.7%), followed by an abnormal amniotic fluid volume (7.9%), structural abnormalities in a single system (7.3%), multiple nonstructural anomalies (7.2%), isolated placental abnormalities (7.1%), and isolated soft markers for aneuploidy (2.4%; P < .01). Among abnormalities in a single system, gastrointestinal and neck/body fluids had particularly high detection rates (26.1% and 26.2%, respectively). A detailed analysis suggested that the probability of an abnormal karyotype among every anatomic system was statistically significant (P < .01). This study identified several common indications with extremely high abnormal rates: duodenal atresia (53.1%), holoprosencephaly (48.8%), fetal hydrops (39.5%), cerebellar hypoplasia (32.0%), cystic hygroma (31.5%), absent/short nasal bone (11.0%), and bilateral choroid plexus cysts (8.5%).ConclusionsCytogenetic analysis has important clinical utility in a wide range of settings, such as prenatal diagnosis. For fetuses with indications of a highly abnormal detection rate, karyotype analysis should be suggested.
The Complexation between Amide Groups of Polyamide‐6 and Polysulfides in the Lithium–Sulfur Battery
Authors: Tang Zhen , Yang Quanling , Liu Bin , Wang Mengkui , Wang Shan , Xiong Chuanxi 
Published: May 2017

Lithium–sulfur batteries have attracted considerable attention due to its high theoretical specific capacity, low cost, environmental friendliness, etc. However, the dissolution of polysulfide intermediate in the electrolyte leads to rapid capacity decay in the charge–discharge process. A sulfur‐based cathode with the specific discharge capacity of 630 mAh g−1 and ultrahigh capacity retention ratio of 0.11% per cycle after 400 cycles at 0.5 C that simply blend the sublimed sulfur and acetylene black in the mortar with the polyamide‐6 (PA6) as binder is reported. The intense complexation between the lithium polysulfide and amide groups (CONH) in PA6 can effectively inhibit the “shuttling effect” and reduce the loss of active materials during the charge–discharge process. The discovery provides a handy and practicable strategy for developing the excellent cycling stability lithium–sulfur batteries.
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Snapshot whole‐brain T1 relaxometry using steady‐state prepared spiral multislice variable flip angle imaging
Authors: Heule Rahel , Pfeuffer Josef , Bieri Oliver 
Published: May 2017

PurposeVariable flip angle (VFA) imaging is widely used for whole‐brain T1 quantification. Because of the requirement to acquire at least two sets of MR images at different flip angles, VFA relaxometry is relatively slow. Here, whole‐brain VFA T1 mapping at 1.5 T is accelerated by using efficient spiral non‐Cartesian imagingMethodsTo quantify T1 in the human brain, radiofrequency spoiled gradient‐echo imaging is performed at two optimized flip angles using an interleaved 2D multislice sequence with high spoiling efficiency. The acquisitions are accelerated by using a spiral trajectory with 10 interleaves combined with a dedicated magnetization preparation to ensure steady‐state conditions in minimal time.ResultsThe investigated MR scan protocol allowed the acquisition of whole‐brain T1 maps at a clinically relevant resolution in only 40 s (0.7 s per slice) with high reproducibility. White and gray matter T1 peaks clearly could be delineated by calculation of whole‐brain T1 histograms, and the delivered T1 values showed good agreement with the reference method in selected regions of interest.ConclusionDue to the use of a fast spiral k‐space trajectory, whole‐brain VFA T1 mapping could be accelerated by an order of magnitude compared to conventional Cartesian sampling. Magn Reson Med 79:856–866, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
The larmor frequency shift in magnetically heterogeneous media depends on their mesoscopic structure
Authors: Ruh Alexander , Scherer Harald , Kiselev Valerij G. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeRecent studies have addressed the determination of the NMR precession frequency in biological tissues containing magnetic susceptibility differences between cell types. The purpose of this study is to investigate the dependence of the precession frequency on medium microstructure using a simple physical model.TheoryThis dependence is governed by diffusion of NMR‐visible molecules in magnetically heterogeneous microenvironments. In the limit of fast diffusion, the precession frequency is determined by the average susceptibility‐induced magnetic field, whereas in the limit of slow diffusion it is determined by the average local phase factor of precessing spins.MethodsThe main method used is Monte Carlo simulation of isotropic suspensions of impermeable magnetized spheres. In addition, NMR spectroscopy was performed in aqueous suspensions of polystyrene microbeads.ResultsThe precession frequency depends on the structural organization of magnetized objects in the medium. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrated a nonmonotonic transition between the regimes of fast and slow diffusion. NMR experiments confirmed the transition, but were unable to confirm its precise form. Results for a given pattern of structural organization obey a scaling law.ConclusionThe NMR precession frequency exhibits a complex dependence on medium structure. Our results suggest that the commonly assumed limit of fast water diffusion holds for biological tissues with small cells. Magn Reson Med 79:1101–1110, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Prevalence of high fractional exhaled nitric oxide among US youth with asthma
Authors: Nguyen Duong T. , Kit Brian K. , Brody Debra , Akinbami Lara J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDHigh fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is an indicator of poor asthma control and has been proposed as a non‐invasive assessment tool to guide asthma management.OBJECTIVEWe aimed to describe the prevalence of and factors associated with high FeNO among US youth with asthma.METHODSData from 716 children and adolescents with asthma ages 6‐19 years who participated in the 2007‐2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. Using American Thoracic Society guidelines, high FeNO was defined as >50 ppb for ages 12‐19 years and >35 ppb for ages 6‐11 years. Multivariate logistic regression examined associations between high FeNO and age, sex, race/Hispanic origin, income status, weight status, tobacco smoke exposure, and other factors associated with asthma control (recent use of inhaled corticosteroids, recent respiratory illness, asthma‐related respiratory signs/symptoms, and spirometry).RESULTSAbout 16.5% of youth with asthma had high FeNO. The prevalence of high FeNO was higher among non‐Hispanic black (27%, P < 0.001) and Hispanic (20.2%, P = 0.002) youth than non‐Hispanic white (9.7%) youth. Differences in high FeNO prevalence by sex (girls < boys), weight status (obese < normal weight), tobacco smoke exposure (smokers < home exposure < no exposure), and FEV1/FVC (normal < abnormal) were also observed. No differences were noted between categories for the remaining covariates.CONCLUSIONHigh FeNO was observed to be associated with sex, race/Hispanic origin, weight status, tobacco smoke exposure, and abnormal FEV1/FVC, but was not associated with asthma‐related respiratory symptoms. These findings may help inform future research and clinical practice guidelines on the use of high FeNO in the assessment of asthma control.
Dynamic network monitoring and control of in situ image profiles from ultraprecision machining and biomanufacturing processes
Authors: Kan Chen , Yang Hui 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn modern industries, advanced imaging technology has been more and more invested to cope with the ever‐increasing complexity of systems, to improve the visibility of information and enhance operational quality and integrity. As a result, large amounts of imaging data are readily available. This presents great challenges on the state‐of‐the‐art practices in process monitoring and quality control. Conventional statistical process control (SPC) focuses on key characteristics of the product or process and is rather limited to handle complex structures of high‐dimensional imaging data. New SPC methods and tools are urgently needed to extract useful information from in situ image profiles for process monitoring and quality control. In this study, we developed a novel dynamic network scheme to represent, model, and control time‐varying image profiles. Potts model Hamiltonian approach is introduced to characterize community patterns and organizational behaviors in the dynamic network. Further, new statistics are extracted from network communities to characterize and quantify dynamic structures of image profiles. Finally, we design and develop a new control chart, namely, network‐generalized likelihood ratio chart, to detect the change point of the underlying dynamics of complex processes. The proposed methodology is implemented and evaluated for real‐world applications in ultraprecision machining and biomanufacturing processes. Experimental results show that the proposed approach effectively characterize and monitor the variations in complex structures of time‐varying image data. The new dynamic network SPC method is shown to have strong potentials for general applications in a diverse set of domains with in situ imaging data.