bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ENSO–Kalahari Desert linkages on southern Africa summer surface air temperature variability
Authors: Manatsa Desmond , Reason Chris 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn this work, we use observational and reanalysis data to demonstrate the prominent role which is played by the Kalahari Desert in the modulation of the maximum surface air temperature (SATmax) over southern Africa during austral summer. It is not only the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) related modification of the middle and upper troposphere but the coupling to the desert surface through cloud development mechanisms which contribute immensely to the SATmax extremes. This is achieved through the convective cloud enhancement mechanisms linked to the tropical temperate troughs and suppression processes forced by the Botswana Upper High during La Niña and El Niño events, respectively. However, significant ENSO impact on the regional SATmax is restricted to the setting in of the Indian Ocean basin‐wide sea surface temperature (SST) mode in December. This SST mode is unique and specifically characterizes the distinctive nature of the canonical version of the ENSO extremes. In this regard, the prominent anomalous warming and cooling of SATmax is predominantly explained by the canonical El Niño and La Niña events, respectively. On the other hand, ENSO ‘modoki’ cases appear not only to have notably reduced impacts on SATmax but have effects which are opposite in sign relative to their canonical ENSO counterparts. Therefore, factors which modulate ENSO characteristics, be they natural or anthropogenic, should have strong implications on the environment, water resource availability and societies of southern Africa.
Underestimated warming of northern Canada in the Berkeley Earth temperature product
Authors: Way Robert G. , Oliva Frank , Viau Andre E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe Berkeley Earth surface temperature (BETP) project provides gridded global temperature anomaly products using an automated geostatistical approach to adjust station data for systematic biases. Despite its widespread usage, the BETP data set has not been evaluated at the national‐scale, especially in data‐sparse high latitude environments. This study provides an evaluation of the BETP product across all of Canada using 333 climate stations made available from the homogenized Environment Canada station network (HTcan). Comparison between co‐located monthly air temperature anomalies for the two data sets suggests small differences between the two products for mean surface (∼2 m) air temperature. However, the relatively minimal bias in mean temperature is a consequence of contrasting cold and warm biases in minimum and maximum air temperatures, respectively, that are larger but effectively even out when averaged together. The BETP product is shown to exhibit systematic underestimation of recent regional warming in northern Canada which when combined with an overestimation of warmth earlier in the record results in an observable reduction in warming rates for minimum and mean temperature anomalies since 1950. The temporal evolution and spatial pattern of the observed biases suggest that the BETP‐automated adjustments to station data in northern Canada miss some inhomogeneities in the raw station data. These results highlight the need for enhanced data recovery and homogenization efforts in data‐sparse high latitude regions and emphasize the importance of national‐scale climate data sets for evaluating global gridded products. We also recommend caution when using the BETP minimum and maximum monthly air temperature products for long‐term trend analyses.
Possible association of diazotrophs with marine zooplankton in the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Azimuddin Kazi Md. , Hirai Junya , Suzuki Shotaro , Haider Md. Nurul , Tachibana Aiko , Watanabe Keigo , Kitamura Minoru , Hashihama Fuminori , Takahashi Kazutaka , Hamasaki Koji 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDinitrogen fixation, the biological reduction in N2 gas to ammonia contributes to the supply of new nitrogen in the surface ocean. To understand the diversity and abundance of potentially diazotrophic (N2 fixing) microorganisms associated with marine zooplankton, especially copepods, the nifH gene was studied using zooplankton samples collected in the Pacific Ocean. In total, 257 nifH sequences were recovered from 23 nifH‐positive DNA extracts out of 90 copepod samples. The nifH genes derived from cyanobacteria related to Trichodesmium, α‐ and γ‐subdivisions of proteobacteria, and anaerobic euryarchaeota related to Methanosaeta concilii were detected. Our results indicated that Pleuromamma, Pontella, and Euchaeta were the major copepod genera hosting dinitrogen fixers, though we found no species‐specific association between copepods and dinitrogen fixers. Also, the digital PCR provided novel data on the number of copies of the nifH gene in individual copepods, which we report the range from 30 to 1666 copies per copepod. This study is the first systematic study of zooplankton‐associated diazotrophs, covering a large area of the open ocean, which provide a clue to further study of a possible new hotspot of N2 fixation.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa in premise plumbing of large buildings
Authors: Bédard Emilie , Prévost Michèle , Déziel Eric 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that is widely occurring in the environment and is recognized for its capacity to form or join biofilms. The present review consolidates current knowledge on P. aeruginosa ecology and its implication in healthcare facilities premise plumbing. The adaptability of P. aeruginosa and its capacity to integrate the biofilm from the faucet and the drain highlight the role premise plumbing devices can play in promoting growth and persistence. A meta‐analysis of P. aeruginosa prevalence in faucets (manual and electronic) and drains reveals the large variation in device positivity reported and suggest the high variability in the sampling approach and context as the main reason for this variation. The effects of the operating conditions that prevail within water distribution systems (disinfection, temperature, and hydraulic regime) on the persistence of P. aeruginosa are summarized. As a result from the review, recommendations for proactive control measures of water contamination by P. aeruginosa are presented. A better understanding of the ecology of P. aeruginosa and key influencing factors in premise plumbing are essential to identify culprit areas and implement effective control measures.
Application of averaging techniques to traffic flow theory
Authors: Sainct Rémi , Louis Xavier , Forestier Alain 
Published: June 2016

Real traffic data are very versatile and are hard to explain with the so‐called standard fundamental diagram. A simple microscopic model can show that the heterogeneity of traffic results in a reduced mean flow and that the reduction is proportional to the density variance. Standard averaging techniques allow us to evaluate this reduction without having to describe the complex microscopic interactions.Using a second equation for the variance results in a two‐dimensional hyperbolic system that can be put in conservative form. The Riemann problem is completely solved in the case of a parabolic fundamental diagram, and the solutions are compared with the famous second‐order Aw–Rascle–Zhang model in a simulation of lane reduction. Adding a diffusion term results in entropy production, and the diffusive model is studied as well. Finally, a numerical scheme is used and converges to the analytical solution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Transfer of Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene and n‐Butyl Acrylate from Semi‐Batch to a Continuous Tubular Reactor
Authors: Rossow Kristina , Bröge Peter , Lüth Fabian Gabriel , Joy Preet , Mhamdi Adel , Mitsos Alexander , Moritz Hans‐Ulrich , Pauer Werner 
Published: June 2016

The transfer of a semi‐batch emulsion copolymerization to a single feed continuous recipe is investigated herein. A single feed continuous tubular reactor is used in the presented study in accordance with the requirement of minimizing the number of dosing streams. The correlation between operating parameters and the product properties are experimentally presented for the semi‐batch as well as for the single feed continuous tubular reactor. It is shown that the transfer from semi‐batch to continuous smart‐scale tubular reactor needs to be direct as opposed to via a batch reactor. The particle sizes and molecular masses obtained in the tubular reactor are similar to those of the semi‐batch process. However, the adjustment of the polymer composition is challenging. Using monomer addition as a means to influence chemical composition is not applicable. Thus, in the tubular reactor the chemical composition of the resulting copolymer depends on the initial monomer composition and reaction temperature. Nevertheless, the mass transfer of the emulsion polymerization damps the copolymer composition distribution (CCD) drift for higher initial monomer contents compared to bulk polymerization. It is shown that transfer of a semi‐batch product to a continuous recipe is possible in early stages of process development.
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How do passive infrared triggered camera traps operate and why does it matter? Breaking down common misconceptions
Authors: Welbourne Dustin J. , Claridge Andrew W. , Paull David J. , Lambert Andrew 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe use of passive infrared (PIR) triggered camera traps has dramatically increased in recent decades. Unfortunately, technical descriptions of how PIR triggered camera traps operate have not been sufficiently clear. Descriptions have often been ambiguous or misleading and in several cases are demonstrably wrong. Such descriptions have led to erroneous interpretations of camera trapping data. This short communication clarifies how PIR sensors operate. We clarify how infrared radiation is emitted and transmitted, and we describe the parts of the PIR sensor and how they detect infrared radiation and, by extension, fauna. Several problematic descriptions of PIR sensors are drawn on to highlight flawed descriptions and demonstrate where erroneous interpretations of camera trapping data occurred. By clarifying the language and the description of PIR triggered camera traps, this paper ensures that wildlife researchers and managers using camera traps will avoid flawed interpretations of their data. Avoiding flawed interpretations of data should reduce wasted effort and resources that would otherwise come about as researchers attempt to test flawed hypotheses. Furthermore, this paper provides a thorough technical reference for camera trapping practitioners, which is not present elsewhere in the wildlife research literature.
Absence of CD66a expression is associated with high microvessel density and high histologic grade in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wu Chun‐Chieh , Yang Sheau‐Fang , Chen Wan‐Tzu , Tsai Hung‐Pei , Luo Chi‐Wen , Chai Chee‐Yin , Yin Hsin Ling 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary malignancy of the liver. Patients with HCC usually have poor prognosis and high mortality. It has been shown that carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CD66a) regulates cell signaling, proliferation, and tumor growth. The aim of this study is to analyze the expression and possible role of CD66a in HCC. Immunohistochemical staining of CD66a was performed on 86 HCC cases, and microvessel density was evaluated by CD34 immunostaining. The results were further correlated with clinicopathological parameters. For 47 of 86 HCC cases, the CD66a expression showed diffuse membrane or cytoplasmic staining. The other 39 HCC cases revealed loss of CD66a expression. Loss of CD66a expression was statistically significantly associated with large tumor size (p = 0.016), fatty change (p = 0.039), patients with transcatheter arterial embolization (p = 0.007), and high microvessel density (p = 0.036). CD34 expression had no significant association with tumor size, virus infection, histological grade, and capsular invasion. The diffuse and cytoplasmic expression of CD66a may involve the early stage of the HCC, and the loss of CD66a expression indicates tumor progression.
Reduced-order modelling of the flow around a high-lift configuration with unsteady Coanda blowing
Authors: Semaan Richard , Kumar Pradeep , Burnazzi Marco , Tissot Gilles , Cordier Laurent , Noack Bernd R. 
Published: June 2016

We propose a hierarchy of low-dimensional proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) models for the transient and post-transient flow around a high-lift airfoil with unsteady Coanda blowing over the trailing edge. The modal expansion comprises actuation modes as a lifting method for wall actuation following Grahamet al.(Intl J. Numer. Meth. Engng, vol. 44 (7), 1999, pp. 945–972) and Kasnakoğluet al.(Intl J. Control, vol. 81 (9), 2008, pp. 1475–1492). A novel element is separate actuation modes for different frequencies. The structure of the dynamic model rests on a Galerkin projection using the Navier–Stokes equations, simplifying mean-field considerations, and a stochastic term representing the background turbulence. The model parameters are identified with a data assimilation (4D-Var) method. We propose a model hierarchy from a linear oscillator explaining the suppression of vortex shedding by blowing to a fully nonlinear model resolving unactuated and actuated transients with steady and high-frequency modulation of blowing. The models’ accuracy is assessed through the mode amplitudes and an estimator for the lift coefficient. The robustness of the model is physically justified, and then observed for the training and the validation dataset.
THE TOPOLOGICAL PIGEONHOLE PRINCIPLE FOR ORDINALS
Authors: HILTON JACOB 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGiven a cardinal κ and a sequence ${\left( {{\alpha _i}} \right)_{i \in \kappa }}$ of ordinals, we determine the least ordinal β (when one exists) such that the topological partition relation$$\beta \to \left( {top\,{\alpha _i}} \right)_{i \in \kappa }^1$$holds, including an independence result for one class of cases. Here the prefix “top” means that the homogeneous set must be of the correct homeomorphism class rather than the correct order type. The answer is linked to the nontopological pigeonhole principle of Milner and Rado.
WEAK DISTRIBUTIVITY IMPLYING DISTRIBUTIVITY
Authors: HATHAWAY DAN 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLet $B$ be a complete Boolean algebra. We show that if λ is an infinite cardinal and $B$ is weakly (λω, ω)-distributive, then $B$ is (λ, 2)-distributive. Using a similar argument, we show that if κ is a weakly compact cardinal such that $B$ is weakly (2κ, κ)-distributive and $B$ is (α, 2)-distributive for each α < κ, then $B$ is (κ, 2)-distributive.
SMALL UNIVERSAL FAMILIES OF GRAPHS ON ℵω + 1
Authors: CUMMINGS JAMES , DŽAMONJA MIRNA , MORGAN CHARLES 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe prove that it is consistent that $\aleph _\omega $ is strong limit, $2^{\aleph _\omega } $ is large and the universality number for graphs on $\aleph _{\omega + 1} $ is small. The proof uses Prikry forcing with interleaved collapsing.
Responses ofPoa annuaand three bentgrass species (Agrostisspp.) to adult and larval feeding of annual bluegrass weevil,Listronotus maculicollis(Coleoptera: Curculionidae)
Authors: Kostromytska O.S. , Koppenhöfer A.M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe annual bluegrass weevil (ABW),Listronotus maculicollisKirby, is an economically important pest of short-cut turfgrass in Eastern North America. Wide spread insecticide resistance warrants the development of alternative management strategies for this pest. ABW damage typically occurs in areas with a high percentage of annual bluegrass,Poa annuaL., the preferred ABW host. Damage to bentgrasses,Agrostisspp., is much rarer and usually less severe. To aid the implementation of host plant resistance as an alternative ABW management strategy we investigated the tolerance of three bentgrass species to ABW feeding. Responses ofP. annua, creeping bentgrass,Agrostis stoloniferaL., colonial bentgrass,Agrostis capillarisL., and velvet bentgrass,Agrostis caninaL., to adult and larval feeding were compared in greenhouse experiments. Grass responses were measured as visual damage, dry weight of the grass stems and leaves, color, density and overall grass quality. To determine possible mechanisms of grass tolerance constitutive fiber and silicon content were also determined. The three bentgrass species tolerated 2–3 times higher numbers of ABW adults and larvae thanP. annuabefore displaying any significant quality decrease. Creeping bentgrass had the lowest damage ratings. ABW infestation caused higher plant yield reduction inP. annua(up to 42%) than in bentgrasses. Observed differences among the grass species in fiber and silicon content in the plant tissue are unlikely to play a role in the resistance of bentgrasses to ABW. Our findings clearly show thatA. stoloniferais the best grass species for the implementation of host plant resistance in ABW management.
The efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression among Syrian refugees: results of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Acarturk C. , Konuk E. , Cetinkaya M. , Senay I. , Sijbrandij M. , Gulen B. , Cuijpers P. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundPrevious research indicates a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression among refugees. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is an effective treatment for PTSD for victims of natural disasters, car accidents or other traumatic events. The current study examined the effect of EMDR on symptoms of PTSD and depression by comparing the treatment with a wait-list control condition in Syrian refugees.MethodAdult refugees located in Kilis Refugee Camp at the Turkish–Syrian border with a PTSD diagnosis were randomly allocated to either EMDR (n= 37) or wait-list control (n= 33) conditions. All participants were assessed with the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus at pre-intervention, at 1 week after finishing the intervention and at 5 weeks after finishing the intervention. The main outcome measures were the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. The Beck Depression Inventory and the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 were included as secondary outcome measures. The Trial Registration no. is NCT01847742.ResultsMixed-model analyses adjusted for the baseline scores indicated a significant effect of group at post-treatment indicating that the EMDR therapy group showed a significantly larger reduction of PTSD symptoms as assessed with the HTQ. Similar findings were found on the other outcome measures. There was no effect of time or group × time interaction on any measure, showing that the difference between the groups at the post-treatment was maintained to the 5-week follow-up.ConclusionsEMDR may be effective in reducing PTSD and depression symptoms among Syrian refugees with PTSD located in a refugee camp.
Building Roman Lycia: new inscriptions and monuments from the baths and peristyle buildings Ml 1 and Ml 2 at Oinoanda
Authors: Milner N.P. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA new building inscription (no. 1) from Oinoanda, found beside the baths building Ml 1 in 2011, dedicates the building to the Roman emperor Vespasian and his sons Titus and Domitian in AD 73. This article places the new find in the setting of the whole building complex, including the adjacent building Ml 2, which is likely to be a palaistra (wrestling-school), though rebuilt over a century later. The inscription supplies new evidence for the date of the governor of Lycia-Pamphylia, Firmus. It also points to the existence of earlier baths, which is compared to other similar indications from elsewhere in Lycia. A second, but illegible, inscription was recorded in 2012, outside a doorway leading from building Ml 1 into the peristyle building Ml 2 (no. 2). A third inscription on a statue base in building Ml 2 was also recorded (no. 3), along with two other illegible statue-base inscriptions (nos 4 and 5). The article places them in the context of the inscribed monuments found earlier at the building complex (nos 6 and 7), which may have included the small building Ml 3, and discusses them in the light of the broader phenomenon of Julio-Claudian and Flavian baths buildings in the region, and the role of the provincial governors and procurators in overseeing such building projects. This allows us to draw some conclusions about the nature and impact of Roman rule in first-century Lycia, which brought within the reach of many Lycian cities piped water, Italian-style bathing and new, improved facilities for the regionally popular heavy athletic sports of boxing, wrestling and pankration (unarmed combat).
A scoping review of bereavement service outcomes
Authors: Wilson Donna M. , Dhanji Nurin , Playfair Robyn , Nayak Sahana Srinivas , Puplampu Gideon L. , Macleod Rod 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjective:This scoping literature review, through finding and assessing researched bereavement service outcomes, sought to determine the state of bereavement services evaluation, to catalogue service types, and to identify which service or services, if any, demonstrate clear evidence of effectiveness.Method:Our methods included: (1) a literature search for published English-language research articles from 2005–2015; (2) critical appraisal of articles to identify findings; (3) compilation of findings; and (4) determination of the relevance of our findings.Results:Some 38 papers were found, and all were retained to identify the outcomes researched and research findings. Many different outcomes were studied in the 18 quantitative, 11 qualitative, and 9 mixed-methods investigations undertaken worldwide. Ten studies focused on level of grief, six on stress/distress level, six on grief knowledge, six on level of depression, and five on somatization or physical symptoms. Most commonly, a group of bereavement services was evaluated as a whole, followed by group therapy, individual counseling, written information, and other less common services. No group of services or individual service was determined to yield clear and convincing evidence of effectiveness. Regardless, all but one service were shown to have value—most often related to gaining grief information and/or emotional support. Until high-quality research studies have repeatedly revealed evidence of effectiveness, it is possible that the positive outcomes of bereavement services will be largely based on bereaved people receiving helpful educational information and emotional support from organizations and people prepared to help them.Significance of results:This project outlines existing bereavement service types and the state of science in relation to determination of outcomes. It offers suggestions to advance the state of science to validate or refine bereavement services. It brings to light the issue that bereavement service outcomes need to be carefully researched so that evidence can drive service refinement and expansion. It also highlights the importance of effective bereavement services.