bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of In utero environment and maternal behavior on neuroendocrine and behavioral alterations in a mouse model of prenatal trauma
Authors: Golub Y. , Canneva F. , Funke R. , Frey S. , Distler J. , von Hörsten S. , Freitag C. M. , Kratz O. , Moll G. H. , Solati J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTMaternal posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following trauma exposure during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of affective disorders in children. To investigate the mechanisms by which prenatal trauma and/or maternal PTSD affect brain development and behavior we established a mouse model of prenatal traumatic (PT) experience based on the application of an electric foot shock to C57Bl/6N female mice on the gestational day 12 during their pregnancy. The model is based on a previously validated animal model of PTSD. We found high anxiety levels and poor maternal care along with reduced serum prolactin and increased corticosterone levels in dams following maternal trauma (MT). PT‐pups were born smaller and stayed smaller throughout their life. We show increased time and frequency of ultrasonic calls in PT‐pups when separated from the mothers on the postnatal day (PND) 9. Cross‐fostering experiments reveal lower anxiety levels in PT pups raised by healthy mothers as compared to trauma‐naive pups raised by MT‐dams.Importantly, the combination of prenatal trauma and being raised by a traumatized mother leads to: (1) the highest corticosterone levels in pups, (2) longest USV‐call time and (3) highest anxiety levels in comparison to other experimental groups. Our data indicates a distinct change in maternal care following MT which is possibly associated with trauma‐induced decrease in prolactin levels. Furthermore, we show that maternal behavior is crucial for the development of the offspring anxiety and specific aspects in maternal care overwrite to a significant extend the effects of in utero and postnatal environment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 76: 1254–1265, 2016
Phenotypic plasticity in life‐history traits of Daphnia galeata in response to temperature – a comparison across clonal lineages separated in time
Authors: Henning‐Lucass Nicole , Cordellier Mathilde , Streit Bruno , Schwenk Klaus 
Published: February 2016

AbstractClimatic changes are projected to result in rapid adaptive events with considerable phenotypic shifts. In order to reconstruct the impact of increased mean water temperatures during past decades and to reveal possible thermal micro‐evolution, we applied a resurrection ecology approach using dormant eggs of the freshwater keystone species Daphnia galeata. To this end, we compared the adaptive response of D. galeata clones from Lake Constance of two different time periods, 1965–1974 (“historical”) versus 2000–2009 (“recent”), to experimentally increased temperature regimes. In order to distinguish between genetic versus environmentally induced effects, we performed a common garden experiment in a flow‐through system and measured variation in life‐history traits. Experimental thermal regimes were chosen according to natural temperature conditions during the reproductive period of D. galeata in Central European lakes, with one additional temperature regime exceeding the currently observable maximum (+2°C). Increased water temperatures were shown to significantly affect measured life‐history traits, and significant “temperature × clonal age” interactions were revealed. Compared to historical clones, recent clonal lineages exhibited a shorter time to first reproduction and a higher survival rate, which may suggest temperature‐driven micro‐evolution over time but does not allow an explicit conclusion on the adaptive nature of such responses.
Heteroleptic Ruthenium Sensitizers with Hydrophobic Fused‐Thio­phenes for Use in Efficient Dye‐­Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Zong‐Zhan , Peng Jia‐De , Wu An‐Kai , Lin Chun‐Han , Wu Chun‐Guey , Ho Kuo‐Chuan , Lin Ying‐Chih , Lu Kuang‐Lieh 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTwo fused‐thiophene‐containing ruthenium sensitizers, [Ru(Hdcbpy)(ottip)(NCS)2]–·0.5[H]+·0.5[N(C4H9)4]+ [Z1, H2dcbpy = 4,4′‐dicarboxy‐2,2′‐bipyridine, ottip = 2‐(5‐octylthieno[3,2‐b]thiophen‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline] and [Ru(Hdcbpy)(odttip)(NCS)2]–·0.5[H]+·0.5[N(C4H9)4]+ {Z2, odttip = 2‐[6‐octyldithieno(3,2‐b:2′,3′)thiophen‐2‐yl]‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline}, were designed for use in dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC) applications. The fused‐thiophene‐based Z1 and Z2 have stronger light‐harvesting capabilities compared with a non‐fused‐thiophene analog, [Ru(Hdcbpy)(otip)(NCS)2]–·0.5[H]+·0.5[N(C4H9)4]+ [JF‐2t, otip = 2‐(5‐octylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐1H‐imidazo[4,5‐f][1,10]phenanthroline], and a standard N3 dye. The power‐conversion efficiency of the Z1‐ and Z2‐sensitized solar cells were superior (8.70 % and 8.15 %) to JF‐2t‐ and N3‐sensitized solar cells (7.85 and 7.40 %, respectively) under standard AM1.5G full sunlight irradiation. The photovoltaic performance of Z1 was better than Z2, primarily owing to the fact that Z1‐based cells have a higher level of dye loading and less charge recombination, as seen from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. This study not only demonstrates the excellent power‐conversion efficiency of new fused‐thiophene ruthenium sensitizers, but also points to the promise that fused‐thiophene antennas might be a useful molecule in the engineering of ruthenium dyes for DSSCs.
Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified with Graphene Oxides – Comparative Electrochemical Studies of Thioguanine
Authors: Smarzewska Sylwia , Pokora Joanna , Leniart Andrzej , Festinger Natalia , Ciesielski Witold 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe voltammetric study of thioguanine (TG) was comparatively investigated on bare, graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide modified carbon paste electrodes using cyclic (CV) and square wave stripping (SWSV) voltammetric techniques. Depending on the working electrode and pH of supporting electrolyte, characteristic electrochemical behaviour of thioguanine was established and the mechanism of TG oxidation was suggested. Based on the obtained results, the new voltammetric method for TG determination in buffer solutions and pharmaceutical formulation was developed. Atomic force microscopy was used to characterize electrodes surfaces.
RevisitingFDIStrategies and the Flow of Firm‐Specific Advantages: A Focus on State‐Owned Enterprises
Authors: Rudy Bruce C. , Miller Stewart R. , Wang Dana 
Published: February 2016

Plain language summaryResearch on the motivations driving multinational enterprises to undertake foreign direct investment (FDI) has largely ignored state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). In this article, we consider the unique motivations ofSOEs and demonstrate that such organizations are more likely to undertakeFDIin host (foreign) countries with the goal of acquiring unique resources and capabilities that can subsequently be returned to theSOE's home country. This strategic behavior is distinct from theFDIof multinational enterprises, which typically leverage their resources and capabilities in their home countries to expand into host (foreign) countries.Technical summaryThe international business literature has focused on foreign direct investment (FDI) strategies that involve resource seeking, market seeking, and efficiency seeking. Although scholars have introduced the notion of strategic asset‐seekingFDI, questions have been raised about the feasibility of thisFDIstrategy and the nature of the flows of firm‐specific advantages (FSAs) stemming from it. The present study seeks to address this gap in the literature by identifying new strategic asset‐seekingFDIstrategies and theFSAflows associated with them. Because of their unique locational advantages, we contend that the proposedFDIstrategies are particularly feasible for state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). We discuss each newFDIstrategy using case illustrations ofSOEs. Copyright © 2016 Strategic Management Society.
Stability Study of Ring‐like Sheet of Ag Atoms Wrapping a CNT
Authors: Hagita Katsumi , Ono Youky , Tejima Syogo 
Published: February 2016

AbstractThe stability of a ring‐like sheet of Ag atoms wrapping a carbon nanotube (CNT) is examined though density‐functional theory (DFT) simulation. We propose various candidates for stable sheet‐like rings of Ag atoms wrapping the CNT. We perform structural relaxation calculations and DFT molecular dynamics (DFT‐MD) simulations. We compare a single‐ring chain and sheet‐like rings wrapping the CNT with a 3D nanocluster beside the CNT. Although the relative energies of the ring structures are higher than that of the 3D aggregate of Ag atoms beside the CNT, the ring structures are observed to have metastable states after the structural relaxations. For multiple stacked rings, we found that the sheet‐like ring structure, whose geometrical feature involves a baseline of each triangle of Ag atoms being parallel to the CNT axis, is relatively stable in comparison with the perpendicular case. We clarify that this difference can be examined through structural relaxation calculations with random displacements and DFT‐MD simulations.
Planar Hypohamiltonian Graphs on 40 Vertices
Authors: Jooyandeh Mohammadreza , McKay Brendan D. , Östergård Patric R. J. , Pettersson Ville H. , Zamfirescu Carol T. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA graph is hypohamiltonian if it is not Hamiltonian, but the deletion of any single vertex gives a Hamiltonian graph. Until now, the smallest known planar hypohamiltonian graph had 42 vertices, a result due to Araya and Wiener. That result is here improved upon by 25 planar hypohamiltonian graphs of order 40, which are found through computer‐aided generation of certain families of planar graphs with girth 4 and a fixed number of 4‐faces. It is further shown that planar hypohamiltonian graphs exist for all orders greater than or equal to 42. If Hamiltonian cycles are replaced by Hamiltonian paths throughout the definition of hypohamiltonian graphs, we get the definition of hypotraceable graphs. It is shown that there is a planar hypotraceable graph of order 154 and of all orders greater than or equal to 156. We also show that the smallest planar hypohamiltonian graph of girth 5 has 45 vertices.
Average vs. extreme salinity conditions: Do they equally affect the distribution of macroinvertebrates in estuarine environments?
Authors: Galván Cristina , Puente Araceli , Castanedo Sonia , Juanes José A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractSalinity is a key variable used to explain the distribution of species within estuaries and the functioning of estuarine ecosystems. Despite the relevance of average conditions and extreme events, the existing schemes of zonation are only based on average values; the extreme values obtained through high‐resolution long‐term data have not been still integrated in an appropriate methodology capable of recognizing salinity types. Therefore, the background variability of salinity has been frequently underestimated in ecological studies. The primary goal of this research is the identification of ecologically significant salinity zones capable of encompassing the entire estuarine regime. A two‐step methodological approach was developed: (1) the reconstruction of long‐term salinity series using the Deflt3D hydrodynamic model, the analog method and a subset of short‐term representative states of river flow and tidal level and (2) the identification of different zones using eight descriptors of the salinity regime (i.e., the median, the range and the intensity, duration and frequency of extreme events) and the application of a combination of two clustering techniques of unsupervised learning (Self‐Organizing Maps (SOM) and K‐Means). Thus, five ecologically significant salinity types that are representative of estuarine variability were identified based on a salinity series reconstructed using a validated method. Differences in the mean values of salinity among typologies allow explaining patterns in the general descriptors of benthic macroinvertebrates assemblages (i.e., richness and diversity). If extreme salinity conditions are also considered, typologies increase their ecological significance and they are able to recognize differences in species composition.
A Comparative Study of Cellular Uptake and Subcellular Localization of Doxorubicin Loaded in Self‐Assemblies of Amphiphilic Copolymers with Pendant Dendron by MDA‐MB‐231 Human Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Viswanathan Geetha , Hsu Yu‐Hsuan , Voon Siew Hui , Imae Toyoko , Siriviriyanun Ampornphan , Lee Hong Boon , Kiew Lik Voon , Chung Lip Yong , Yusa Shin‐ichi 
Published: February 2016

Previously synthesized amphiphilic diblock copolymers with pendant dendron moieties have been investigated for their potential use as drug carriers to improve the delivery of an anticancer drug to human breast cancer cells. Diblock copolymer (P71D3)‐based micelles effectively encapsulate the doxorubicin (DOX) with a high drug‐loading capacity (≈95%, 104 DOX molecules per micelle), which is approximately double the amount of drug loaded into the diblock copolymer (P296D1) vesicles. DOX released from the resultant P71D3/DOX micelles is approximately 1.3‐fold more abundant, at a tumoral acidic pH of 5.5 compared with a pH of 7.4. The P71D3/DOX micelles also enhance drug potency in breast cancer MDA‐MB‐231 cells due to their higher intracellular uptake, by approximately twofold, compared with the vesicular nanocarrier, and free DOX. Micellar nanocarriers are taken up by lysosomes via energy‐dependent processes, followed by the release of DOX into the cytoplasm and subsequent translocation into the nucleus, where it exert its cytotoxic effect.
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Modelling Degradative Chain Transfer in d‐Limonene/2‐Ethylhexyl Acrylate Free‐Radical Copolymerization
Authors: Zhang Yujie , Dubé Marc A. , Vivaldo‐Lima Eduardo 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDegradative chain transfer plays a significant role in the free‐radical copolymerization of d‐limonene (LIM) and 2‐ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA). This is due to d‐limonene allylic radicals. A kinetic model was developed to account for degradative chain transfer. Experimental data at feed compositions (LIM/EHA, mol/mol) of 40/60, 50/50, 30/70 were compared with model predictions. The model revealed the considerable effect of degradative chain transfer on conversion, copolymer composition and molecular weight. Moreover, it indicates that degradative chain transfer to d‐limonene is not only conversion‐dependent but also concentration‐dependent.
Photo‐Triggered Microcapsules
Authors: Tylkowski Bartosz , Giamberini Marta , Underiner Todd , Prieto Susana Fernandez , Smets Johan 
Published: February 2016

SummaryPhotosensitive microcapsules that reversibly switch upon visible light irradiation are attractive targets for drug delivery, fragrance release and pesticide delivery. In this study we report the development of visible light triggered microcapsules and demonstrate the concept of protection and remote release of a model, non‐toxic perfume oil. Polyamide microcapsule shells containing visible light‐sensitive ortho‐substituted azobenzene moieties in the main chain of the polymer were prepared by oil‐in‐water interfacial polymerization method. Microcapsules surface and cross‐section morphologies were observed by SEM. Triggered perfume release during light irradiation was monitored by means of GC/MS. We suggest that the mechanism of perfume release from the microcapsules shell is based on decrease of modified azobenzene length during light illumination. This visible light‐induced compression of microcapsules offers a new way to modulate the release of encapsulated materials.
A New Methodology for Measuring the Stability of Emulsion Polymer Particles
Authors: Méndez‐Ecoscia Ana C. , Prates‐Pereira André F. , Fonseca‐Marques Margarida B. , Sheibat‐Othman Nida , McKenna Timothy F. L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryA new methodology for the rapid and robust evaluation of the electrostatic stabilization of latex particles has been developed. It is based on the interpretation of the backscattering profile obtained using a Turbiscan Lab®. The experimental approach employs Multiple Light Scattering (MLS) in agitated measurement cells so the colloidal stability study can be performed at moderate concentration of latexes particles. Coalescence of the latex particles at different volume fraction was provoked by the addition of an aliquot of a concentrated solution of monovalent electrolyte (NaCl). The backscattering spectra were treated in order to follow the variation of the stability as a function of salt concentration, and from this variation to identify the critical coagulation concentration (CCC) of the system under investigation, in a rapid and robust manner.
An Overview of the Potential of UV Modification of Polypropylene
Authors: Amintowlieh Yasaman , Tzoganakis Costas , Penlidis Alexander 
Published: February 2016

SummaryUV radiation with a photoinitiator has been utilized to modify polypropylene (PP). Factors affecting solid state photomodification were studied and the optimal processing conditions for formation of three different structures (degraded, long chain branched and crosslinked) in PP were determined. A long radiation time (more than 5 minutes) is required to form long chain branched PP (LCBPP) and this exposure time is even higher for production of crosslinked PP (XPP). Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) was utilized to decrease UV radiation duration. Optimal concentrations of TMPTA and photoinitiator for formation of long chain branched and crosslinked PP were determined. Finally, a setup was suggested for continuous photomodification of PP using a twin screw extruder. In this design, PP strands are irradiated directly after the die. Optimal photoinitiator (benzophenone) concentration, coagent (TMPTA) concentration and radiation time required to form controlled rheology (CRPP) or long chain branched PP or crosslinked PP were identified.
Comparison of Different Dynamic Monte Carlo Methods for the Simulation of Olefin Polymerization
Authors: Brandão Amanda L. T. , Soares Joao B. P. , Pinto Jose C. , Alberton Andre L. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryIn this work, Monte Carlo methods were used to simulate olefin polymerization with coordination catalysts: the Direct method (DM), the First Reaction method (FRM), the Next Reaction method (NRM), and the τ‐Leaping method. The first three methods are exact stochastic simulation algorithms (SSA), while the τ‐Leaping is an approximate method with faster computation times. It is shown that all four methods predict similar polymer microstructures, but require significantly different computation times. The τ‐Leaping method is the fastest, being recommended when complex polymerization mechanisms are being investigated. The NRM, because of its intelligent data storage and handling approach, is the best among the SSA.
Genetics of movement disorders in the next‐generation sequencing era
Authors: Olgiati Simone , Quadri Marialuisa , Bonifati Vincenzo 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTSeveral innovative and extremely powerful methods for sequencing nucleic acids (DNA and RNA), collectively known as next‐generation sequencing technologies, have become available in the past few years. The application of these technologies is rapidly changing the landscape of both medical genetic research and clinical practice: the pace of discovery of novel disease‐causing or disease‐predisposing genes is markedly accelerating; the phenotypic spectra associated with previously known genes is expanding; and novel tools for rapid, cheap, and comprehensive genetic testing are entering the clinical practice. As with every technological revolution, next‐generation sequencing also comes with new challenges concerning the storage, the analysis, and crucially, the interpretation of the large amounts of generated data. The current possibility to sequence entire human exomes (the coding part of the genome) or entire genomes at affordable costs has brought the era of personalized medicine closer than ever, also raising new legal and ethical issues. In this article, we summarize the essential technological aspects of next‐generation sequencing and discuss their applications in the field of movement disorders. We review the different strategies for gene finding enabled by these technologies (including project designs, filtering approaches, and bioinformatic tools) and we then discuss their applications in clinical practice. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
The globus pallidus pars interna in goal‐oriented and routine behaviors: Resolving a long‐standing paradox
Authors: Piron Camille , Kase Daisuke , Topalidou Meropi , Goillandeau Michel , Orignac Hugues , N'Guyen Tho‐Haï , Rougier Nicolas , Boraud Thomas 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThere is an apparent contradiction between experimental data showing that the basal ganglia are involved in goal‐oriented and routine behaviors and clinical observations. Lesion or disruption by deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna has been used for various therapeutic purposes ranging from the improvement of dystonia to the treatment of Tourette's syndrome. None of these approaches has reported any severe impairment in goal‐oriented or automatic movement.MethodTo solve this conundrum, we trained 2 monkeys to perform a variant of a 2‐armed bandit‐task (with different reward contingencies). In the latter we alternated blocks of trials with choices between familiar rewarded targets that elicit routine behavior and blocks with novel pairs of targets that require an intentional learning process.ResultsBilateral inactivation of the globus pallidus interna, by injection of muscimol, prevents animals from learning new contingencies while performance remains intact, although slower for the familiar stimuli. We replicate in silico these data by adding lateral competition and Hebbian learning in the cortical layer of the theoretical model of the cortex–basal ganglia loop that provided the framework of our experimental approach.ConclusionThe basal ganglia play a critical role in the deliberative process that underlies learning but are not necessary for the expression of routine movements. Our approach predicts that after pallidotomy or during stimulation, patients should have difficulty with complex decision‐making processes or learning new goal‐oriented behaviors. © 2016 Movement Disorder Society
A scale‐free network model for HIV transmission among men who have sex with men in China
Authors: Shen Zhoufeng , Li Yabei , Yao Wei 
Published: February 2016

Objective: The study aimed to analyze sexual networks and sex role preference as factors of HIV transmission among men who have sex with men (MSM) in China.Methods: We have developed a new scale‐free network model with a sex role preference framework to study HIV transmission among MSM. We have studied the influence of different sexual networks and the effect of different proportion of sex role preference upon HIV transmission. The results are that the average ones drawn from the scenarios have been simulated for more than 30 times.Results: Compared with the traditional mathematical model, the sexual networks provide a different prediction of the HIV transmission in the next 30 years. Without any intervention, the proportion of HIV carriers will descend after some time.Conclusions: There is significant associations among network characteristics, sex role preference, and HIV infection. Although network‐based intervention is efficient in reducing HIV transmission among MSM, there are only few studies of the characteristics of sexual network, and such gaps deserve more attention and exploration. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.