bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐fat diet induces a neurometabolic state characterized by changes in glutamate and N‐acetylaspartate pools associated with early glucose intolerance: An in vivo multimodal MRI study
Authors: Ribeiro Mário , Castelhano João , Petrella Lorena I. , Sereno José , Rodrigues Tiago , Neves Christian , Letra Liliana , Baptista Filipa I. , Seiça Raquel , Matafome Paulo , Castelo‐Branco Miguel 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundType‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder with a broad range of complications in the brain that depend on the conditions that precede its onset, such as obesity and metabolic syndromes. It has been suggested that neurotransmitter and metabolic perturbations may emerge even before the early stages of T2DM and that high‐caloric intake could adversely influence the brain in such states. Notwithstanding, evidence for neurochemical and structural alterations in these conditions are still sparse and controversial.PurposeTo evaluate the influence of high‐fat diet in the neurochemical profile and structural integrity of the rodent brain.Study TypeProspective.SubjectsWistar rats (n = 12/group).Field Strength/SequenceA PRESS, ISIS, RARE, and EPI sequences were performed at 9.4T.AssessmentNeurochemical and structural parameters were assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, voxel‐based morphometry, volumetry, and diffusion tensor imaging.Statistical TestsMeasurements were compared through Student and Mann‐Whitney tests. Pearson correlation was used to assess relationships between parameters.ResultsAnimals submitted to high‐caloric intake gained weight (P = 0.003) and developed glucose intolerance (P < 0.001) but not hyperglycemia. In the hippocampus, the diet induced perturbations in glutamatergic metabolites reflected by increased levels of glutamine (P = 0.016) and glutamatergic pool (Glx) (P = 0.036), which were negatively correlated with glucose intolerance (glutamine, r = ‐0.804, P = 0.029), suggesting a link with neurometabolic dysregulation. At caudate‐putamen, high‐fat diet led to a surprising increase in the pool of N‐acetylaspartate (P = 0.028). A relation with metabolic changes was again suggested by the negative correlation between glucose intolerance and levels of glutamatergic metabolites in this region (glutamate, r = ‐0.845, P = 0.014; Glx, r = ‐0.834, P = 0.020). Neither changes in phosphate compounds nor major structural alterations were observed for both regions.Data ConclusionWe found evidence that high‐fat diet‐induced obesity leads to distinct early and region‐specific metabolic/neurochemical imbalances in the presence of early glucose intolerance even when structural alterations or T2DM are absent.Level of Evidence: 1Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:757–766.
Limb asymmetry during recovery from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction
Authors: Renner Kristen E. , Franck Christopher T. , Miller Thomas K. , Queen Robin M. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTThere is limited literature that follows a population of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) patients through recovery. Our aim was to examine differences in movement and loading patterns across time and between limbs over four visits during 12 months post‐ACLR. We hypothesized that kinematic and kinetic data during a stop‐jump would have time‐ and limb‐dependent differences through 12 months post‐surgery. Twenty‐three ACLR athletes performed five vertical stop‐jumps at 4, 5, 6, and 12 months post‐op with motion capture and force plate data collection. The peak knee flexion (PKF) was different between the 4 and 12, 5 and 6, and the 5 and 12 month visits with earlier months exhibiting higher PKF. The peak vertical ground reaction force (vGRF) was lower at 4 than at 5 and 6 months. The peak posterior ground reaction force (pGRF) was lower at 4 months than all other visits. Frontal knee and sagittal hip range of motion (ROM) were different between 12 months and each previous visit. Asymmetries were present in peak vGRF, peak knee extension moment and impulse up to 12 months. The loading rate and peak pGRF demonstrated between limb differences up to 6 months; limb stiffness demonstrated differences up to 5 months post‐ACLR. PKF was only asymmetric at the 4 month visit. While some variables improved in the 12 months post‐ACLR, limb asymmetries in peak knee extension moment, peak vGRF and impulse persisted up to 12 months. Additionally, frontal plane knee and sagittal hip ROM had not normalized at 12 months. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:1887–1893, 2018.
Efficacy of Glucose or Amino Acid–Based Commercial Beverages in Meeting Oral Rehydration Therapy Goals After Acute Hypertonic and Isotonic Dehydration
Authors: Cheuvront Samuel N. , Kenefick Robert W. , Charkoudian Nisha , Mitchell Katherine M. , Luippold Adam J. , Bradbury Karleigh E. , Vidyasagar Sadasivan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundThe efficacy of different commercial beverage compositions for meeting oral rehydration therapy (ORT) goals in the treatment of acute dehydration in healthy humans has not been systematically tested. The objective of the study was to compare fluid retention, plasma volume (PV), and interstitial fluid (ISF) volume restoration when using 1 popular glucose‐based and 1 novel amino acid–based (AA) commercial ORT beverage following experimental hypertonic or isotonic dehydration.MethodsTwenty‐six healthy adults (21 males, 5 females) underwent either a controlled bout of hypertonic (n = 13) or isotonic (n = 13) dehydration (3%–4% body mass) via eccrine or renal body water and electrolyte losses induced using exercise‐heat stress (EHS) or Lasix administration (LAS), respectively. Rehydration was achieved over 90 minutes by matching fluid intake to water losses (1:1) using a sports drink (SP) or AA commercial ORT beverage. Fluid retention (water and electrolytes), PV, and ISF volume changes were tracked for 180 minutes.ResultsAA produced significantly (P <0.05) greater fluid retention (75% vs 57%), ISF volume restoration, and tended (P = 0.06) to produce greater PV restoration in trial EHS. In trial LAS, neither beverage exceeded 65% retention, but AA replaced electrolytes and preserved ISF volume better than SP (P <0.05).ConclusionThe results of this study demonstrate superior rehydration when using AA compared with SP for both hypertonic and isotonic dehydration.
Graphs of study contributions and covariate distributions for network meta‐regression
Authors: Donegan Sarah , Dias Sofia , Tudur‐Smith Catrin , Marinho Valeria , Welton Nicky J. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundMeta‐regression results must be interpreted taking into account the range of covariate values of the contributing studies. Results based on interpolation or extrapolation may be unreliable. In network meta‐regression (NMR) models, which include covariates in network meta‐analyses, results are estimated using direct and indirect evidence; therefore, it may be unclear which studies and covariate values contribute to which result. We propose graphs to help understand which trials and covariate values contribute to each NMR result and to highlight extrapolation or interpolation.MethodsWe introduce methods to calculate the contribution that each trial and covariate value makes to each result and compare them with existing methods. We show how to construct graphs including a network covariate distribution diagram, covariate‐contribution plot, heat plot, contribution‐NMR plot, and heat‐NMR plot. We demonstrate the methods using a dataset with treatments for malaria using the covariate average age and a dataset of topical fluoride interventions for preventing dental caries using the covariate randomisation year.ResultsFor the malaria dataset, no contributing trials had an average age between 7–25 years and therefore results were interpolated within this range. For the fluoride dataset, there are no contributing trials randomised between 1954–1959 for most comparisons therefore, within this range, results would be extrapolated.ConclusionsEven in a fully connected network, an NMR result may be estimated from trials with a narrower covariate range than the range of the whole dataset. Calculating contributions and graphically displaying them aids interpretation of NMR result by highlighting extrapolated or interpolated results.
Accelerating isogeometric boundary element analysis for 3‐dimensional elastostatics problems through black‐box fast multipole method with proper generalized decomposition
Authors: Li S. , Trevelyan J. , Zhang W. , Wang D. 
Published: January 2018

SummaryThe isogeometric approach to computational engineering analysis makes use of nonuniform rational B‐splines to discretise both the geometry and the analysis field variables, giving a higher‐fidelity geometric description and leading to improved convergence properties of the solution over conventional piecewise polynomial descriptions. Because of its boundary‐only modelling, with no requirement for a volumetric nonuniform rational B‐spline geometric definition, the boundary element method is an ideal choice for isogeometric analysis of solids in 3D. An isogeometric boundary element analysis (IGABEM) algorithm is presented for the solution of such problems in elasticity and is accelerated using the black‐box fast multipole method (bbFMM). The bbFMM scheme is of O(n) complexity, giving a general kernel‐independent separation that can be easily integrated into existing conventional IGABEM codes with little modification. In the bbFMM scheme, an important process of obtaining a low‐rank approximation of moment‐to‐local operators has been hitherto based on singular value decomposition, which can be very time consuming for large 3D problems, and this motivates the present work. We introduce the proper generalized decomposition method as an alternative approach, and this is demonstrated to enhance efficiency in comparison with schemes that rely on the singular value decomposition. In the worst case, a factor of approximately 2 performance gain is achieved. Numerical examples show the performance gains that are achievable in comparison to standard IGABEM solutions and demonstrate that solution accuracy is not affected. The results illustrate the potential of this numerical technique for solving arbitrary large scale elastostatics problems directly from computer‐aided design models.
Presidential Address: “A Thousand Petty Fortresses”: Administrative Burden in U.S. Immigration Policies and Its Consequences
Authors: Heinrich Carolyn J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractContradictory elements in U.S. immigration policy, reflecting a long‐time struggle between inclusionary and exclusionary views, have resulted in federal legislation filled with compromises and tradeoffs that, at state and sub‐state levels, play out in unclear interpretations and uneven, highly discretionary administration and enforcement of immigration law and policy. This research describes a tool of discretionary administration—administrative burden—that is increasingly used in enforcing immigration law and policies at state and sub‐state levels and presents a theoretical frame for more fully investigating and addressing its consequences. The application and implications of administrative burden are explored empirically and qualitatively in a case study analysis of an enforcement‐oriented policy change in Texas that denied access to birth certificates for some citizen‐children born to Mexican immigrants. To better understand the potential consequences of this and related policies, interviews with immigrant parents and longitudinal data from a survey of children of immigrants are analyzed to assess both short‐term and later outcomes of children who are denied economic assistance and other benefits under policies that impose barriers to their integration into society. The study findings point to serious, adverse consequences for citizen children of state and sub‐state immigration policies that create administrative burden and perpetuate racial discrimination, while simultaneously diminishing the transparency, fairness, and effectiveness of public administration.
The microbiome and cancer
Authors: Goodman Brian , Gardner Humphrey 
Published: January 2018

AbstractHumans coexist with a vast bacterial, fungal and viral microbiome with which we have coevolved for millions of years. Several long recognized epidemiological associations between particular bacteria and cancer are now understood at the molecular level. At the same time, the arrival of next‐generation sequencing technology has permitted a thorough exploration of microbiomes such as that of the human gut, enabling observation of taxonomic and metabolomic relationships between the microbiome and cancer. These studies have revealed causal mechanisms for both microbes within tumours and microbes in other host niches separated from tumours, mediated through direct and immunological mechanisms. Copyright © 2018 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability modeling of multi‐state degraded repairable systems and its applications to automotive systems
Authors: Yu Jiawei , Zheng Songlin , Pham Hoang , Chen Tie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, we presented a continuous‐time Markov process‐based model for evaluating time‐dependent reliability indices of multi‐state degraded systems, particularly for some automotive subsystems and components subject to minimal repairs and negative repair effects. The minimal repair policy, which restores the system back to an “as bad as old” functioning state just before failure, is widely used for automotive systems repair because of its low cost of maintenance. The current study distinguishes with others that the negative repair effects, such as unpredictable human error during repair work and negative effects caused by propagated failures, are considered in the model. The negative repair effects may transfer the system to a degraded operational state that is worse than before due to an imperfect repair. Additionally, a special condition that a system under repair may be directly transferred to a complete failure state is also considered. Using the continuous‐time Markov process approach, we obtained the general solutions to the time‐dependent probabilities of each system state. Moreover, we also provided the expressions for several reliability measures include availability, unavailability, reliability, mean life time, and mean time to first failure. An illustrative numerical example of reliability assessment of an electric car battery system is provided. Finally, we use the proposed multi‐state system model to model a vehicle sub‐frame fatigue degradation process. The proposed model can be applied for many practical systems, especially for the systems that are designed with finite service life.
Catching insects while recording bats: impacts of light trapping on acoustic sampling
Authors: Froidevaux Jérémy S. P. , Fialas Penelope C. , Jones Gareth 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCollecting information on bat prey availability usually involves the use of light traps to capture moths and flies that constitute the main prey items of most insectivorous bats. However, despite the recent awareness on the adverse effects of light on bats, little is known regarding the potential impacts of light trapping on the bat sampling outcomes when passive acoustic sampling and light trapping are implemented simultaneously. Using a before–after experimental design that involved the installation of a 6 W actinic light trap 1 m away from the bat detector, we tested the predictions that (1) slow‐flying bat species will be less active when the light trap is present, while the opposite will be true for fast‐flying species; and (2) bat species richness will be lower at lit conditions compared to dark ones. Our results suggest that the use of light traps in combination with bat detectors may considerably influence the outcomes of acoustic sampling. Although the activity of fast‐flying bat species did not differ between the two treatments, we found that the activity of slow‐flying ones such asRhinolophus ferrumequinumandRhinolophus hipposiderosdecreased significantly at lit conditions. Furthermore, we recorded fewer bat species when the light trap was deployed. To overcome this issue, we strongly recommend either (1) placing light traps at a considerable distance from bat detectors; or (2) using light traps during the night that follows the bat sampling if sampling needs to be at the same position; or (3) deploying non‐attractant insect traps such as Malaise traps if Lepidoptera is not the main order targeted.
Chelator Probe with Exceptionally High Stokes Shift for Selective Detection of OAc− with Red Emission: Application as a Biosensor
Authors: Pramanik Koushik , Ghosh Pritam , Dey Debanjan , Malpaharia Pijush , Chandra Swapan K , Mukhopadhyay Subhra Kanti , Banerjee Priyabrata 
Published: January 2018

AbstractA novel chelator probe with flexible structural configuration has been synthesized as chemosensor for selective detection of biotic anion like OAc− by chromogenic as well as fluorogenic signal. The nitro substituted chelator probe has shown pale yellow to deep yellow coloration upon detection of OAc− ion. Significantly the emission of the chelator probe upon recognition of the anion has been turned ON in low energy region which has been explained through PET‐ESIPT‐ILCT‐C=N isomerisation based pathways. The chelator probe has shown exceptionally high stroke's shift. The host guest interaction has been confirmed by different sophisticated analytical tools such as UV‐Vis, fluorescence, 1H‐NMR and FT‐IR. Significantly the fluorescence turn on phenomena has been utilized to detect intracellular OAc− inside candida albicans to explore the applicability of the chelator probe as bio sensor.
The Preparation and Properties of Submicrometer‐Sized N‐Amino‐2,4‐dinitroimidazole (ADNI): A Novel and Promising Initiating Explosive for Applications in Short Pulse Initiation Slapper Detonators
Authors: Qu Yanyang , Wang Jun , Lu Huangchang , Gong Feiyan , Fan Guijuan , Wang Jun , Yang Guangcheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWe describe for the first time a spray‐recrystallization method to prepare sub‐micrometer N‐amino‐2,4‐dinitroimidazole (ADNI) and test its critical diameters below 3 mm. The uniform sub‐micrometer ADNI has better sensitivity to short impulse shock waves with the 50% and 99.9% initiation currents at 2.45 kA and 2.67 kA, respectively, which is much better than sub‐micrometer LLM‐105 (3.11 kA and 3.46 kA, respectively) and DAAF (3.7 kA and 4.75 kA, respectively). The detonation velocity for ADNI (7.8 km⋅s−1 at a density of 1.67 g⋅cm−3) is greater than that of LLM‐105 (7.54 km⋅s−1 at the density of 1.63 g⋅cm−3) and haxanitrostilbene (HNS) (6.8 km⋅s−1). ADNI also has a higher decomposition temperature (Td =265.8 °C) and a better thermal stability (5S shotpoint of 312 °C) with low impact, friction, and electric spark sensitivities (>40 N, >360 N, and 2.20 J). These metrics are comparable to LLM‐105 (0–30 N, >360 N, and 1.02 J) and HNS (26 N, 240 N, and 1.77 J). The high stability and good detonation properties of sub‐micrometer ADNI clearly shows that it is insensitive to impact stimulus and long pulse stimulation, while also being sensitive to short impulse shock waves. This suggests that it is a promising initiating explosive for slapper detonators.
Reaction of PdCl2 with Diphenylacetylene Revisited: Effect of Solvents and Ball Milling on Cyclization and Crystal Structures of Dimeric Cyclobutenylpalladium Chloride Complexes
Authors: Kumar Rajnish , Pandey Madhusudan K. , Mondal Dipanjan , Balakrishna Maravanji S. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn an attempt to establish the structures of the product formed in the reaction of PdCl2 and diphenylacetylene in polar organic solvents, the reactions were carried out in alcohols, acetonitrile and tetrahydrofuran at room temperature. The reactions in protic solvents such as primary and secondary alcohols resulted in the cyclic dimerization of diphenylacetylene to yield the corresponding dimeric endo‐4‐alkoxy‐π‐1,2,3,4‐tetraphenylcyclobutenypalladium(II) chloride complexes 1–4 in good yields. In these complexes the tetraphenylcyclobutenyl moieties are coordinated to palladium atoms in η3‐mode and are bridged by two chlorides as confirmed by the single crystal X‐ray analysis of complexes 1, 2 and 4. In all these complexes, the coordination of cyclobutenyl moieties to palladium atoms are similar but a marked difference was observed for the Pd2Cl2 core which is planar in complex 1 but puckered in complexes 2 and 4 resulting in shorter Pd⋅⋅⋅Pd distances. The same reaction under solvent free ball milling condition yielded hexaphenylbenzene by the cyclic trimerization while that in the presence of ethanol and n‐butanol produced complexes 1 and 3, respectively, as major and hexaphenylbenzene as minor product. An efficient catalytic synthesis of hexaphenylbenzene using PdCl2 was developed using ball milling condition which has several advantages over the existing catalytic systems.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Luminescent Properties of Two New Heterometallic Phosphates: Sn2Ge(PO4)2(OH)2 and Sn2Mn(PO4)2
Authors: Song Jun‐Ling , Guo Tian‐Shuo , Shi Zhong‐Yu , Wang Yu‐Zhuo , Cui Jian‐Qiu , Zhang Jian‐Han , Zhang Chi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractTwo new bimetallic phosphates, namely, Sn2Ge(PO4)2(OH)2 (1) and anhydrous Sn2Mn(PO4)2 (2) have been prepared by a facile hydro/solvothermal method. Compound 1 crystallizes in space group P21/c and features a three‐dimensional (3D) framework which is constructed from one‐dimensional (1D) [Ge(PO4)2(OH)2] infinite chains and the SnO3 trigonal pyramids. Compound 2 crystallizes in space group C2/c and also features a 3D framework which is composed of a two‐dimensional tin phosphates layer in the bc plane and MnO6 octahedra connected with the adjacent layers. Powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns, Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), UV‐Vis‐NIR absorption spectra and IR spectra for both compounds were examined. TGA results show that anhydrous Sn2Mn(PO4)2 has a high thermal stability under 800 °C. Their photoluminescence study indicates that 1 and 2 might be pure inorganics for potential intrinsic green and blue light‐phosphors, respectively.
Effect of Sodium Hydroxide Pretreatment of NiOx Cathodes on the Performance of Squaraine‐Sensitized p‐Type Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Bonomo Matteo , Magistris Claudio , Buscaino Roberto , Fin Andrea , Barolo Claudia , Dini Danilo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSquaraines are full‐organic dyes employed as sensitizers in p‐type dye‐sensitized solar cells (p‐DSSC). Their absorption spectrum shows a wide tunability that ranges from visible to NIR. Sensitization in the NIR region is crucial for exploiting a particularly intense portion of the solar spectrum. In this work three squaraines will be presented and tested as sensitizers in NiO‐based p‐type DSSC O4_C2, O4_C4 and O4_C12). The structures of the dyes differ for the length of the alkyl side chain (C2, C4 and C12). Alkyl side chains improve the solubility of the dye, influence the extent of dye loading on the electrode and affect the overall efficiency of devices. The generally low stability of squaraines represents a critical issue in view of their employment as sensitizers of p‐DSSC. Such a problem becomes even more evident when this class of molecules is bound onto an acidic surface like the one of the photocathode here employed: non‐stoichiometric nickel oxide (NiOx). NiOx possesses a quite acidic character because of the high surface concentration of Ni(III) sites. To buffer the surface acidity of NiOx due to the presence of high‐valence states of nickel, we considered the electrode pretreatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) prior to sensitization. This assures a major stability of the solar cell. At the same time the chemisorbed hydroxyl moieties act as passivating agents of the Ni(III) sites thus diminishing the surface concentration of sites for dye anchoring.