bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimental investigation on the alternate coating method for aircraft anti-icing applications
Authors: Rose Bruce Ralphin , Hamilton Joseph Antony JL 
Published: March 2016

Atmospheric icing problem is considered as one of the major hazards to the aviation industry and the existing anti-icing system has numerous disadvantages within it. The recent studies on the super hydrophobic surfaces inspired from lotus leaf are found to be an emerging trend in the ice protection system because of its resistance to the ice formation. But the experimental procedure for creating those surfaces is expensive and it requires specialised equipments. The work of Erbil et al. is identified to be a cost-effective and simple method for creating those surfaces based on the process called phase separation. The experimental investigation of this alternate coating method is scheduled and conducted by creating the polypropylene coating on the aluminium sheet metal. The coated aluminium surface is then tested for its ice repelling property by spraying the super-cooled liquid droplets similar to Rime ice formation. It has shown few excellent results by repelling the water and the ice formation under various atmospheric conditions. Further, the wing model and the coated layer are designed using computer software to analyse the influence of anti-icing coating on the basic stress–strain and flow properties. This novel approach provides significant cost and weight savings through a roadmap for replacing the existing ice protection systems.
Climate Policy and Uncertainty
Authors: Jepma Catrinus J. 
Published: March 2016

This paper addresses the issue of the global and quantity-based design character of the Kyoto Protocol, where Annex-Parties' commitments are based on national emissions' ceilings and trading (under KP Art. 17) based thereupon. It is argued that the design could have been quite different, e.g. one could have opted for a price-based, or policies-and-measures based approach rather than a quantity-based approach. In addition it is argued that the actual KP design requires a quality level of national GHG emissions (and sequestration) reporting that at present does not generally seem to be met at all. So, it is argued that the present huge uncertainties and error margins in national reporting systems would need to be redressed (and monitoring approved accordingly) considerably in order to allow for a serious international emissions trading system under KP Art. 17. By contrast, the paper wonders why in the literature the emphasis seems to be more on uncertainties regarding the project-based approach under KP Art. 6 and 12, since the latter can, as it seems, be dealt with relatively easily, and can rely upon best professional judgement systems.
Ethical frameworks for surrogates’ end-of-life planning experiences
Authors: Kim Hyejin , Deatrick Janet A , Ulrich Connie M 
Published: March 2016

Background: Despite the growing body of knowledge about surrogate decision making, we know very little about the use of ethical frameworks (including ethical theories, principles, and concepts) to understand surrogates’ day-to-day experiences in end-of-life care planning for incapacitated adults. Objectives and Methods: This qualitative systematic review was conducted to identify the types of ethical frameworks used to address surrogates’ experiences in end-of-life care planning for incapacitated adults as well as the most common themes or patterns found in surrogate decision-making research. Findings: Seven research papers explicitly identified ethical theories, principles, or concepts, such as autonomy, substituted judgment, and best interest standards as guidelines for the research. Surrogate decision making themes included the responsibilities and goals of being a surrogate, factors influencing surrogates’ decision making, outcomes for surrogates, and an overarching theme of “wanting to do the right thing” for their loved one and/or themselves. Discussion: Understanding the complexity of surrogates’ experiences of end-of-life care planning is beyond the scope of conventional ethical frameworks. Conclusion: Ethical frameworks that address individuality and contextual variations related to decision making may more appropriately guide surrogate decision-making research that explores surrogates’ end-of-life care planning experiences.
Pricing Efficiency in CNX Nifty Index Options Using the Black–Scholes Model: A Comparative Study of Alternate Volatility Measures
Authors: Nandan Tanuj , Agrawal Puja 
Published: March 2016

This article attempts to determine the method of volatility estimation that prices the CNX Nifty Index options closest to the theoretical price as computed by the Black–Scholes (1973) model. Volatility has been estimated using simple variance, implied volatility, volatility index and the asymmetrical exponential generalised auto-regressive conditional heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) (1,1) model with generalised error distribution innovations. The trend in mispricing has been studied using error estimates and non-parametric tests. Our findings indicate significant mispricing in CNX Nifty Index options. The results of our study will have major implications for investors who use options as part of their portfolios and corporates who use them for risk hedging. Our study is important, as there are only a few studies that examine the pricing efficiency of options with a focus on volatility modelling. Also, our study spans a longer time period than the previous studies. JEL Classification: G14, G32, C14
10 Years of Evaluation Research Into Gaming Simulation for German Entrepreneurship and a New Study on Its Long-Term Effects
Authors: Kriz Willy C. , Auchter Eberhard 
Published: March 2016

Background. Over the past ten years, we carried out several comprehensive studies in the area of entrepreneurship education using business games that simulate the business processes of startups. The studies researched the learning effects of these games on German university students. Aim. The studies we present investigated if the simulation game-based educational entrepreneurship programs in Germany reached their goals. These goals included the fostering of participants’ entrepreneurial competencies and desire to create a startup. Method. We show traditional summative output-oriented results and more profound results based on our theory-based evaluation approach. A so-called logic model provides a framework for the interpretation of what takes place during the entrepreneurship business simulations. Currently, we have conducted research on more than 50 regular university courses with more than 1000 students. Another part of our studies is the evaluation of entrepreneurship education in the German national business game-based competition, EXIST priME Cup (further called EPC). More than 12,000 students attended more than 500 of these cup seminars. We also show new results from an online survey that was carried out to measure the long-term effects of the startup simulation-based seminars. Results. The results of five studies are summarized, and show an overall increase in the participants’ knowledge of business administration and business plan preparation skills (required in start-up context). Apart from other results, significant gender-based differences are identified. The differences relate to entrepreneurial attitudes and motivation. Some test scenarios with cup seminars for women only with extended debriefing seem to reduce this decrease in the motivation of women; further research with larger samples is necessary. A new study on the long-term effects shows a very high acceptance rate and demonstrates the satisfaction of former students. The simulation game-based program resulted in participants starting startups at a rate that is approximately twice as high (around 16%) as the normal rate in Germany.
Multiple Xanthogranulomas in an Adult
Authors: Vadeboncoeur Sophie , Provost Nathalie 
Published: March 2016

Background: Multiple xanthogranulomas (XGs) in adults are rare, although an increasing number of case reports are being published. The most frequent association is hematologic malignancies, but the majority of cases remain idiopathic, with occasional spontaneous resolution. Objective: The aims of this report are to describe a case of eruptive XG in a woman with a solid neoplasia who was receiving imatinib and to review the literature. Methods and Results: This 33-year-old woman had a gastrointestinal stromal tumor. After undergoing surgical removal and being on imatinib for 1 year, the patient developed multiple slightly erythematous papules with an orange hue on the axillary region, trunk, abdomen, and thighs. A biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of XG. Conclusion: This is to the investigators’ knowledge the first case of eruptive XG in the setting of a solid neoplasia. The possibility of drug-induced XG lesions due to imatinib cannot be excluded. This presentation could be added to the list of associations of adult XG.
Evaluation of the (1–24) adrenocorticotropin stimulation test for the diagnosis of primary aldosteronism
Authors: Terui Ken , Kageyama Kazunori , Nigawara Takeshi , Moriyama Takako , Sakihara Satoru , Takayasu Shinobu , Tsushima Yuko , Watanki Yutaka , Yamagata Satoshi , Sugiyama Aya , Murasawa Shingo , Nakada Yuki , Suda Toshihiro , Daimon Makoto 
Published: March 2016

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic power of the adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) stimulation test in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA) and those with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA). Design: This study was based on a retrospective database analysis. Subjects and methods: We assessed 158 hypertensive patients with a high plasma aldosterone-to-renin ratio (ARR) including 97 with at least one positive confirmatory test result who did not undergo surgery and comprised a “possible PA” group, 19 with negative results in all tests who were the “non-PA” group, and 41 diagnosed with APA following surgery who were the APA group. The “confirmed PA group” included APA patients and patients from the possible PA group showing both high ARR and hypokalemia. One case was diagnosed as a metastasis. Results: Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the diagnostic accuracy of ACTH test was not very effective in differentiating between APA patients and possible PA and non-PA patients. The optimal cut-off value of maximal plasma aldosterone concentration for differentiating between patient in the confirmed PA group and other patients showed moderate accuracy. Conclusions: The ACTH test may not be useful as a screening or confirmatory test, but the test may be useful for differentiating between patients with confirmed PA and the rest of the cohort. The positive finding of the ACTH test may at least support a higher likelihood of lateralizing on adrenal venous sampling.
Association of aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) -344 T/C polymorphism with diabetic nephropathy: A meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Haiyan , Wang Xu , Liu Mingming , Shao Xin , He Xueyuan 
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Studies on the relation between aldosterone synthase -344 T/C polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy showed controversial conclusions. This meta-analysis aimed to systematically summarize the association between aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene polymorphism and diabetic nephropathy risk. Methods: Embase, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Wanfang Data, VIP Database, China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database and SinoMed have been searched. A total of five studies including 825 cases and 910 controls were included. Results: In overall analysis, significant increased risk was found in recessive comparison (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.05–1.55), homozygote comparison (OR = 1.39, 95% CI 1.04–1.88) and allele comparison (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.05–1.39). No significant association was detected in dominant comparison (OR = 1.27, 95% CI 0.97–1.66) and heterozygote comparison (OR = 1.17, 95% CI 0.88–1.56). In subgroup analysis, significant increased risk existed in Asian population in allele comparison (OR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.17–1.79), dominant comparison (OR = 1.78, 95% CI 1.11–2.87), homozygote comparison (OR = 2.11, 95% CI 1.29–3.47), recessive comparison (OR = 1.54, 95% CI 1.17–2.03), except for heterozygote comparison (OR = 1.44, 95% CI 0.87–2.38). Conclusions: Our meta-analysis indicates that aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) gene polymorphism may contribute to diabetic nephropathy development, especially in Asian group, with the T allele acting as a risk factor.
The effect of low lobe count chevron nozzles on supersonic jet screech
Authors: Humphrey Nathan J , Edgington-Mitchell Daniel 
Published: March 2016

An experimental study was conducted into the fluid and aeroacoustic properties of jets issuing from nozzles with two or four chevrons. Flow visualisation in the form of schlieren imaging was utilised to investigate the general change in jet structure. Schlieren imaging revealed a highly asymmetric flow field produced by the azimuthal asymmetry at the nozzle lip. The shock structures within the flow were significantly altered in both symmetry and spacing by the introduction of chevrons. A spatial two-point correlation was used to classify the dominant azimuthal instability mode produced by each of the respective nozzles. It was found that the two-lobe nozzle favoured a lateral flapping mode towards the chevron sides of the nozzle. The four-lobe nozzle, when coherent structures were visible, produced a mode somewhat more difficult to classify, being either a helical mode or a multi-axial flapping mode. A complex relationship was observed between the range of pressure ratios over which strong screech tones are evident, and the number of lobes. The two-lobe nozzle provided screech suppression below a nozzle pressure ratio of 2.7, but directional screech amplification at higher pressures. The four-lobe nozzle provided less screech amelioration at low pressures, but eliminated the screech tone entirely for most other pressures studied. The flapping oscillation of the two-lobe nozzle produced a highly asymmetric acoustic field. The four-lobe nozzle produced a relatively symmetric acoustic field.
Stroke onset time estimation from multispectral quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in a rat model of focal permanent cerebral ischemia
Authors: McGarry Bryony L , Rogers Harriet J , Knight Michael J , Jokivarsi Kimmo T , Sierra Alejandra , Gröhn Olli HJ , Kauppinen Risto A 
Published: March 2016

Background Quantitative T2 relaxation magnetic resonance imaging allows estimation of stroke onset time. Aims We aimed to examine the accuracy of quantitative T1 and quantitative T2 relaxation times alone and in combination to provide estimates of stroke onset time in a rat model of permanent focal cerebral ischemia and map the spatial distribution of elevated quantitative T1 and quantitative T2 to assess tissue status. Methods Permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion was induced in Wistar rats. Animals were scanned at 9.4T for quantitative T1, quantitative T2, and Trace of Diffusion Tensor (Dav) up to 4 h post-middle cerebral artery occlusion. Time courses of differentials of quantitative T1 and quantitative T2 in ischemic and non-ischemic contralateral brain tissue (ΔT1, ΔT2) and volumes of tissue with elevated T1 and T2 relaxation times ( f1, f2) were determined. TTC staining was used to highlight permanent ischemic damage. Results ΔT1, ΔT2, f1, f2, and the volume of tissue with both elevated quantitative T1 and quantitative T2 (VOverlap) increased with time post-middle cerebral artery occlusion allowing stroke onset time to be estimated. VOverlap provided the most accurate estimate with an uncertainty of ±25 min. At all times-points regions with elevated relaxation times were smaller than areas with Dav defined ischemia. Conclusions Stroke onset time can be determined by quantitative T1 and quantitative T2 relaxation times and tissue volumes. Combining quantitative T1 and quantitative T2 provides the most accurate estimate and potentially identifies irreversibly damaged brain tissue.
Analysis of Total Ankle Arthroplasty Survival in the United States Using Multiple State Databases
Authors: LaMothe Jeremy , Seaworth Christine M. , Do Huong T. , Kunas Grace C. , Ellis Scott J. 
Published: March 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate survivorship and risk factors for failure of total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) in the United States using large statewide, multipayer databases of inpatient discharges. TAA patients from 2005 to 2009 were identified from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project databases for 5 states (California, Florida, Nebraska, North Carolina, and Utah) and the New York Department of Health Statewide Planning and Research Cooperative System database. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were extracted, and a multivariable logistic regression model was developed to assess risk factors for 90-day all-cause readmission and failure. Failure was defined as revision, arthrodesis, amputation, or implant removal. During the period of interest, 1545 patients received 1593 TAA. The coded etiology of arthritis was primary osteoarthritis (n = 854, 55.2%), posttraumatic arthritis (n = 466, 30.2%), rheumatoid arthritis (n = 129, 8.4%), and other (n = 96, 6.2%). The 5-year survival rate was 90.1%. Patients with a coded diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (odds ratio [OR] = 2.18; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04-4.01) or who were readmitted within 90 days of TAA (OR = 3.41; 95% CI = 1.67-6.97) had significantly increased risk of failure. Risk factors for readmission were Charlson-Deyo Score ≥2 (OR = 3.05; 95% CI = 1.51-6.15) and increased length of stay during the arthroplasty (OR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.16-1.47). Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Observational study
The Epidemiology of Injuries in Australian Professional Rugby Union 2014 Super Rugby Competition
Authors: Whitehouse Timothy , Orr Robin , Fitzgerald Edward , Harries Simon , McLellan Christopher P. 
Published: March 2016

Background: Rugby union is a collision-based ball sport played at the professional level internationally. Rugby union has one of the highest reported incidences of injury of all team sports. Purpose: To identify the characteristics, incidence, and severity of injuries occurring in Australian professional Super Rugby Union. Design: Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods: The present study was a prospective epidemiology study on a cohort of 180 professional players from 5 Australian Super Rugby teams during the 2014 Super Rugby Union Tournament. Team medical staff collected and submitted daily training and match-play injury data through a secure, web-based electronic platform. The injury data included the main anatomic location of the injury, specific anatomic structure of the injury, injury diagnosis, training or match injury occurrence, main player position, mechanism of injury, and the severity of the injury quantified based on the number of days lost from training and/or competition due to injury. Results: The total combined incidence rate for injury during training and match-play across all Australian Super Rugby Union teams was 6.96 per 1000 hours, with a mean injury severity of 37.45 days lost from training and competition. The match-play injury incidence rate was 66.07 per 1000 hours, with a mean severity of 39.80 days lost from training and competition. No significant differences were observed between forward- and back-playing positions for match or training injury incidence rate or severity. Conclusion: The incidence of injury for the present study was lower during match-play than has previously been reported in professional rugby union; however, the overall time loss was higher compared with previous studies in professional rugby union. The high overall time loss was due fundamentally to a high incidence of injuries with greater than 28 days’ severity.
Risk stratification of chromosomal abnormalities in chronic myelogenous leukemia in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy
Authors: Wang Wei , Cortes Jorge E. , Tang Guilin , Khoury Joseph D. , Wang Sa , Bueso-Ramos Carlos E. , DiGiuseppe Joseph A. , Chen Zi , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Hu Shimin 
Published: March 2016

Key PointsBased on their impact on treatment and survival, ACAs in CML were stratified into good and poor prognostic groups. ACAs in the good prognostic group showed no adverse impact on survival when they emerged from chronic phase or at the initial CML diagnosis.
McTwo: a two-step feature selection algorithm based on maximal information coefficient
Authors: Ge Ruiquan , Zhou Manli , Luo Youxi , Meng Qinghan , Mai Guoqin , Ma Dongli , Wang Guoqing , Zhou Fengfeng 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background
High-throughput bio-OMIC technologies are producing high-dimension data from bio-samples at an ever increasing rate, whereas the training sample number in a traditional experiment remains small due to various difficulties. This “large p, small n” paradigm in the area of biomedical “big data” may be at least partly solved by feature selection algorithms, which select only features significantly associated with phenotypes. Feature selection is an NP-hard problem. Due to the exponentially increased time requirement for finding the globally optimal solution, all the existing feature selection algorithms employ heuristic rules to find locally optimal solutions, and their solutions achieve different performances on different datasets.

Results
This work describes a feature selection algorithm based on a recently published correlation measurement, Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC). The proposed algorithm, McTwo, aims to select features associated with phenotypes, independently of each other, and achieving high classification performance of the nearest neighbor algorithm. Based on the comparative study of 17 datasets, McTwo performs about as well as or better than existing algorithms, with significantly reduced numbers of selected features. The features selected by McTwo also appear to have particular biomedical relevance to the phenotypes from the literature.

Conclusion
McTwo selects a feature subset with very good classification performance, as well as a small feature number. So McTwo may represent a complementary feature selection algorithm for the high-dimensional biomedical datasets.
Detecting broad domains and narrow peaks in ChIP-seq data with hiddenDomains
Authors: Starmer Joshua , Magnuson Terry 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Background
Correctly identifying genomic regions enriched with histone modifications and transcription factors is key to understanding their regulatory and developmental roles. Conceptually, these regions are divided into two categories, narrow peaks and broad domains, and different algorithms are used to identify each one. Datasets that span these two categories are often analyzed with a single program for peak calling combined with an ad hoc method for domains.

Results
We developed hiddenDomains, which identifies both peaks and domains, and compare it to the leading algorithms using H3K27me3, H3K36me3, GABP, ESR1 and FOXA ChIP-seq datasets. The output from the programs was compared to qPCR-validated enriched and depleted sites, predicted transcription factor binding sites, and highly-transcribed gene bodies. With every method, hiddenDomains, performed as well as, if not better than algorithms dedicated to a specific type of analysis.

Conclusions
hiddenDomains performs as well as the best domain and peak calling algorithms, making it ideal for analyzing ChIP-seq datasets, especially those that contain a mixture of peaks and domains.