bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Seasonal resource limitation of heterotrophic biofilms in boreal streams
Authors: Burrows Ryan M. , Laudon Hjalmar , McKie Brendan G. , Sponseller Ryan A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnraveling the potentially shifting controls over microbial activity among habitats and across seasonal transitions is critical for understanding how freshwater ecosystems influence broader elemental cycles, and how these systems may respond to global changes. We used nutrient‐diffusing substrates to investigate seasonal patterns and constraints on microbial activity of biofilms in streams draining distinct landscape features of the boreal biome (forests, mires, and lakes). Microbial respiration (MR) largely mirrored spatial and temporal variation in water temperature. However, limitation by labile carbon (C) was a constraint to microbial activity during ice‐covered periods, when MR of control nutrient‐diffusing substrates fell below rates predicted from stream temperature alone. Variation in C limitation among the study streams was reflective of putative organic C availability, with C limitation of biofilms weakest in the dissolved organic C (DOC)‐rich, mire‐outlet stream and greatest in the relatively DOC‐poor, forest stream. Incidences of nutrient limitation were only observed during warmer months. Our study illustrates how variation in processes mediated by heterotrophic biofilms and seasonal shifts in resource limitation can emerge in a stream network draining a heterogeneous landscape. In addition, our results show that, for a large portion of the year, heterotrophic processes in boreal streams can be strongly limited by the availability of labile C, despite high DOC concentrations. Metabolic constraints to dissolved organic matter processing at near‐freezing temperatures, coupled with hydrological controls over the delivery of more labile organic resources to streams (e.g., soil freezing and flooding), have potentially strong influences on the productivity of boreal streams.
Mass mortality of a dominant invasive species in response to an extreme climate event: Implications for ecosystem function
Authors: McDowell W.G. , McDowell W.H. , Byers J.E. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractImpacts of invasive species on ecosystems are often context dependent, making empirical assessments difficult when climatic baselines are shifting and extreme events are becoming more common. We documented a mass mortality event of the Asian clam, Corbicula fluminea, an abundant invasive clam, which has replaced native mussels as the dominant filter‐feeding bivalve in the southeastern United States. During an extremely hot and dry period in the summer of 2012, over 99% of Corbicula died in our 10‐km study reach of the Broad River, Georgia. Because Corbicula were the only filter‐feeding organism in the ecosystem with substantial biomass, their death led to the nearly complete cessation of ecosystem services provided by filter‐feeding bivalves. We estimate that following the mass mortality event, turnover time within the sampling reach (reach volume/total filtration) rose from approximately 5 h to over 1200 h. In addition to the loss of filtering capacity, concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were also higher in areas where die‐off was occurring than in an upstream area without mortality. Mass balance calculations and a manipulative mesocosm experiment predicted TDP and SRP concentrations much higher than our observed values, suggesting that rapid biotic or abiotic uptake of phosphorus may have occurred. Our study demonstrates that climate change can increase the temporal variability of populations of aquatic organisms that provide key ecosystem functions, and highlights that even pulsed, short‐lived events can markedly affect systems of reduced diversity.
1,25(OH)2D3 improves cardiac dysfunction, hypertrophy, and fibrosis through PARP1/SIRT1/mTOR‐related mechanisms in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Qu Hua , Lin Ke , Wang Hang , Wei Huili , Ji Baolan , Yang Zengsong , Peng Chuan , Xiao Xiaoqiu , Deng Huacong 
Published: August 2016

ScopeDiabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the most important cardiac complications associated with diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying diabetic cardiomyopathy remain unclear. The PARP1, SIRT1, and mTOR pathways have been implicated in cardiac diseases, and they are also associated with diabetes. 1,25(OH)2D3 was recently recognized as a potential PARP1inhibitor in a macrophage cell line. The aim of our study was to investigate whether 1,25(OH)2D3 can improve diabetic cardiomyopathy through a vitamin D receptor (VDR)‐dependent mechanism associated with the PARP1/SIRT1/mTOR pathway.Methods and results1,25(OH)2D3‐treated diabetic rats displayed improved left ventricular wall thickness and end‐diastolic/systolic diameter, end‐diastolic/systolic volume, left ventricular ejection fraction, fractional shortening, atrial natriuretic peptide, and brain natriuretic peptide gene expression, and interstitial fibrosis compared with untreated diabetic rats, while silencing the VDR gene in DM rats blocked the above results. 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment also decreased PARP1 and increased SIRT1 expression levels and repressed the phosphorylation of mTOR. Treating neonatal cardiomyocytes with 1,25(OH)2D3 and a PARP1 inhibitor decreased PARP1 and increased SIRT1 protein expression.ConclusionThe present study demonstrates that 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment has the potential to improve diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats and suggests that VD‐VDR signaling induces this protective effect against diabetic cardiomyopathy might partly through the PARP1/SIRT1/mTOR pathway.
A standard for terminology in chronic pelvic pain syndromes: A report from the chronic pelvic pain working group of the international continence society
Authors: Doggweiler Regula , Whitmore Kristene E. , Meijlink Jane M. , Drake Marcus J. , Frawley Helena , Nordling Jørgen , Hanno Philip , Fraser Matthew O. , Homma Yukio , Garrido Gustavo , Gomes Mario J. , Elneil Sohier , van de Merwe Joop P. , Lin Alex T.L. , Tomoe Hikaru 
Published: August 2016

AimsTerms used in the field of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) are poorly defined and often confusing. An International Continence Society (ICS) Standard for Terminology in chronic pelvic pain syndromes (CPPS) has been developed with the aim of improving diagnosis and treatment of patients affected by chronic pelvic pain syndromes. The standard aims to facilitate research, enhance therapy development and support healthcare delivery, for healthcare providers, and patients. This document looks at the whole person and all the domains (organ systems) in a systematic way.MethodsA dedicated working group (WG) was instituted by the ICS Standardisation Steering Committee according to published procedures. The WG extracted information from existing relevant guidelines, consensus documents, and scientific publications. Medline and other databases were searched in relation to each chronic pelvic pain domain from 1980 to 2014. Existing ICS Standards for terminology were utilized where appropriate to ensure transparency, accessibility, flexibility, and evolution. Consensus was based on majority agreement.ResultsThe multidisciplinary CPPS Standard reports updated consensus terminology in nine domains; lower urinary tract, female genital, male genital, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurological aspects, psychological aspects, sexual aspects, and comorbidities. Each is described in terms of symptoms, signs and further evaluation.ConclusionThe document presents preferred terms and definitions for symptoms, signs, and evaluation (diagnostic work‐up) of female and male patients with chronic pelvic pain syndromes, serving as a platform for ongoing development in this field. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:984–1008, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Are patients willing to trade cure rate against less pain? Patients’ preferences for single incision midurethral sling or transobturator standard midurethral sling
Authors: Schellart René P. , Casteleijn Fenne M. , Dijkgraaf Marcel G. W. , Tutolo Manuela , Roovers Jan‐Paul W. R. 
Published: August 2016

AIMSTo quantify to what extent patients are willing to trade their chance of cure of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) against less postoperative groin pain. Randomized, controlled trials show less postoperative pain following single‐incision mini‐sling (SIMS), but slightly higher cure rates following a transobturator standard midurethral sling (SMUS).METHODSA multi‐center, interview‐based trade‐off experiment for treatment preference among 100 women with predominant SUI and undergoing SIMS. A hypothetical cure rate of SIMS was systematically varied from 10% to 70%, while keeping the cure rate of SMUS constant at 70%. The trade‐off was assessed for two hypothetical durations of substantial postoperative pain after SMUS—2 days or 2 weeks—while simultaneously assuming the absence of substantial postoperative pain after SIMS.RESULTSTo prevent 2 days of substantial postoperative pain with SMUS, patients were willing to accept a 4.3% mean decrease in cure rate of SIMS, while a 7.1% mean decrease was acceptable to forego 2 weeks of substantial pain. Younger women (P = 0.04) and single women (P = 0.04) were associated with the trade‐off limit for 2 days, respectively, 2 weeks of substantial postoperative pain. Single women were willing to accept lower cure rates. No correlations with trade‐off limits were found for patients’ actual severity, duration, and frequency of SUI.CONCLUSIONSPatients are willing to accept a slightly lower probability of cure to prevent substantial post‐operative pain by undergoing a less invasive procedure. These results are relevant for counselling of patients indicated for SUI surgery.
Accelerating oil reservoir simulations using POD on the fly
Authors: Le Clainche Soledad , Varas Fernando , Vega José M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryA reduced order model (ROM) is presented for the long‐term calculation of subsurface oil/water flows. As in several previous ROMs in the field, the Newton iterations in the full model (FM) equations, which are implicit in time, are projected onto a set of modes obtained by applying proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) to a set of snapshots computed by the FM itself. The novelty of the present ROM is that the POD modes are (i) first calculated from snapshots computed by the FM in a short initial stage, and then (ii) updated on the fly along the simulation itself, using new sets of snapshots computed by the FM in even shorter additional runs. Thus, the POD modes adapt themselves to the local dynamics along the simulation, instead of being completely calculated at the outset, which requires a computationally expensive preprocess. This strategy is robust and computationally efficient, which is tested in 10‐ and 30‐year simulations for a realistic reservoir model taken from the SAIGUP project. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Neurological Predictor Scale: A predictive tool for long‐term core cognitive outcomes in survivors of childhood brain tumors
Authors: Taiwo Zinat , Na Sabrina , King Tricia Z. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivePrior research has demonstrated the reliability and validity of the Neurological Predictor Scale (NPS) in relation to intelligence and adaptive functioning in survivors of pediatric brain tumors. To extend these findings, this study examined the relationship between the NPS and core neurocognitive skills hypothesized to underlie broad outcome measures of IQ and adaptive functioning.MethodSixty‐one adulthood survivors of childhood brain cancers (Mage = 24 years, SD = 6) on average 16 years after diagnosis completed neuropsychological assessments examining attention (Wechsler Memory Scale Digit Span Forward), processing speed (Symbol Digit Modalities Test), and working memory (Auditory Consonant Trigrams). The medical information necessary to compute the NPS was extracted from a thorough medical record review.ResultsThe NPS score significantly predicted processing speed (R2 = 0.28, P < 0.05) and working memory (R2 = 0.15, P < .05) outcomes over and above each individual risk factor. NPS was significantly associated with attention outcomes after covarying for age (R2 = 0.13, P < 0.05) over and above each risk factor except presence of hormone deficiency, hydrocephalus, and chemotherapy. These three variables were not significantly associated with attention outcomes in this sample.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that survivors with more treatments and neurological sequelae experience greater deficits in working memory, processing speed, and attention. Further, the NPS affords the ability to predict how cumulative neurological factors impact core cognitive outcomes many years after initial diagnosis.
A novel translational model for fetoscopic intratracheal delivery of nanoparticles in piglets
Authors: Carlon Marianne S. , Engels Alexander C. , Bosch Barbara , Joyeux Luc , Mori da Cunha Marina G. M. C. , Vidović Dragana , Debyser Zeger , De Boeck Kris , Neyrinck Arne , Deprest Jan A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of fetal tracheal injection in the late‐gestational pig to target the airways.MethodsFollowing laparotomy and hysterotomy, fetoscopy was performed in pregnant sows to access the fetal trachea. Two volumes of fluospheres were injected (1 and 3 mL). Fluosphere distribution to the different lung lobes was investigated by microscopy. Possible fetal airway injury, caused by the surgical procedure or intratracheal injection, was investigated. Lung morphology and fetal lung volumes were calculated by micro computed tomography (μCT).ResultsIntratracheal administration was successfully performed in 20/21 fetuses. Analysis by confocal microscopy demonstrated that 3 mL, and not 1 mL, most efficiently targeted all lung lobes. On high‐resolution μCT, total airway volume was estimated at 2.9 mL; strengthening that 3 mL is appropriate to target all lung lobes. No procedural damage was evidenced in the lungs or trachea.ConclusionsIntratracheal injection of nanoparticles is feasible in the pregnant pig and does not cause procedural lung damage. Using an injection volume of 3 mL, all lung lobes were efficiently targeted. This nanoparticle delivery model to fetal airways opens perspectives for therapeutic interventions. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circulating Prostate‐Specific Antigen and Telomere Length in a Nationally Representative Sample of Men Without History of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wulaningsih Wahyu , Astuti Yuliana , Matsuguchi Tetsuya , Anggrandariyanny Putri , Watkins Johnathan ,   for the PILAR Research Network
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDWe investigated the association of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) with leukocyte telomere length, which may be altered in preclinical prostate malignancies.METHODSThis study was based on the 2001–2002 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). A subsample of 1,127 men aged 40–85 years without prior history of prostate cancer who provided informed consent and blood samples were selected. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) relative to standard DNA reference (T/S ratio) was quantified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Survey‐weighted multivariable linear regression was performed to examine T/S ratio across quintiles of total and free PSA and free‐to‐total PSA ratio (%fPSA). A sensitivity analysis was performed by excluding men dying from prostate cancer during follow‐up through to December 31, 2006. Stratification analyses were carried out to assess any effect modification by age group, race, body mass index (BMI), and levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation.RESULTSHigher total PSA levels were associated to longer LTL, with approximately 8% increase in log‐transformed T/S ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2–13%) among men in the highest quintile of total PSA compared to the lowest in the fully adjusted model (Ptrend = 0.01). No significant association was found for free PSA or %fPSA, although nonlinearity between all PSA measures and T/S ratio was indicated. Similar results were found after excluding men who died from prostate cancer during follow‐up. We also found the associations between total PSA and T/S ratio to be strongest among non‐Hispanic blacks, non‐obese men (BMI <30 kg/m2), and those with low CRP. However, a significant interaction was only found between total PSA and race/ethnicity (Pinteraction = 0.01).CONCLUSIONTotal PSA levels were strongly associated to LTL, particularly among non‐Hispanic blacks. Our findings support a potential link between PSA and specific mechanisms contributing to prostate cancer development. Prostate 77:22–32, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evidence for gravity wave drag in the boundary layer of a numerical forecast model: a comparison with observations
Authors: Lapworth A. , Osborne S. R. 
Published: August 2016

The main effect of gravity wave drag is generally considered to be an increased drag on upper tropospheric flow. However, the nocturnal boundary layer overland is often extremely stable and in this case there can be considerable gravity wave drag on near‐surface flow, affecting turbulent fluxes and screen temperatures.In order to determine whether this type of drag is correctly represented in numerical forecast models, a dataset of winds and temperatures output from a forecast model is compared with an archive of observations from two surface sites. Comparison with the output from a one‐dimensional model is used to differentiate gravity wave drag from form drag and flow blocking. The results indicate that a gravity wave drag component is probably present in the stable boundary‐layer flows of the forecast models. However the strength of the drag is not as great as that observed. This results in larger model turbulent fluxes and increased surface temperatures from those measured overnight.
Systems‐level thinking for nanoparticle‐mediated therapeutic delivery to neurological diseases
Authors: Curtis Chad , Zhang Mengying , Liao Rick , Wood Thomas , Nance Elizabeth 
Published: August 2016

Neurological diseases account for 13% of the global burden of disease. As a result, treating these diseases costs $750 billion a year. Nanotechnology, which consists of small (~1–100 nm) but highly tailorable platforms, can provide significant opportunities for improving therapeutic delivery to the brain. Nanoparticles can increase drug solubility, overcome the blood–brain and brain penetration barriers, and provide timed release of a drug at a site of interest. Many researchers have successfully used nanotechnology to overcome individual barriers to therapeutic delivery to the brain, yet no platform has translated into a standard of care for any neurological disease. The challenge in translating nanotechnology platforms into clinical use for patients with neurological disease necessitates a new approach to: (1) collect information from the fields associated with understanding and treating brain diseases and (2) apply that information using scalable technologies in a clinically‐relevant way. This approach requires systems‐level thinking to integrate an understanding of biological barriers to therapeutic intervention in the brain with the engineering of nanoparticle material properties to overcome those barriers. To demonstrate how a systems perspective can tackle the challenge of treating neurological diseases using nanotechnology, this review will first present physiological barriers to drug delivery in the brain and common neurological disease hallmarks that influence these barriers. We will then analyze the design of nanotechnology platforms in preclinical in vivo efficacy studies for treatment of neurological disease, and map concepts for the interaction of nanoparticle physicochemical properties and pathophysiological hallmarks in the brain. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1422. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1422This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Neurological Disease
Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology
“One‐Step” Synthesis of Ionic Ferrocenyl Compounds of Ferrocenylmethyldimethylamine. Characterization, Migration, and Catalytic Properties During Combustion
Authors: Li Ting , Li Dongdong , Li Jizhen , Zhang Guofang , Zhang Weiqiang , Gao Ziwei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAlkylferrocene‐based burning rate catalysts exhibit high migration tendency and volatility during prolonged storage and fabrication process of the solid propellants. To retard the migration problems, eight ionic compounds composed of ferrocenylmethyldimethylammonium cation paired with a common energetic anion, were synthesized by “one‐step” procedure. The compounds were characterized by FT‐IR, NMR, and UV/Vis spectroscopy as well as elementary analysis. Their crystal structures were confirmed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The TG and DSC analyses indicated that they exhibit high thermal stability. Cyclic voltammetry studies suggested that most of them show reversible or quasi‐reversible redox waves. The anti‐migration results revealed that 1–4 are low‐migratory compounds, but 5 exhibits high migration trends. The TG curves at 70 °C for 24 h showed that all of them have low volatility. They have from high to low impact sensitivity depending on the anions of the compounds. They all exhibit significant effect on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and some of them accelerate the thermal degradation of 1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazacyclohexane (RDX). Among them 4 is the best one. Unexpectedly, compound 5, with 1H‐tetrazolate as anion, can decompose into its original reactants at the temperature just higher than its melting point and could show smart‐material functionality in solid propellants.
Biobased production of alkanes and alkenes through metabolic engineering of microorganisms
Authors: Kang Min-Kyoung , Nielsen Jens 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Advancement in metabolic engineering of microorganisms has enabled bio-based production of a range of chemicals, and such engineered microorganism can be used for sustainable production leading to reduced carbon dioxide emission there. One area that has attained much interest is microbial hydrocarbon biosynthesis, and in particular, alkanes and alkenes are important high-value chemicals as they can be utilized for a broad range of industrial purposes as well as ‘drop-in’ biofuels. Some microorganisms have the ability to biosynthesize alkanes and alkenes naturally, but their production level is extremely low. Therefore, there have been various attempts to recruit other microbial cell factories for production of alkanes and alkenes by applying metabolic engineering strategies. Here we review different pathways and involved enzymes for alkane and alkene production and discuss bottlenecks and possible solutions to accomplish industrial level production of these chemicals by microbial fermentation.