bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improved full-length killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor transcript discovery in Mauritian cynomolgus macaques
Authors: Prall Trent M. , Graham Michael E. , Karl Julie A. , Wiseman Roger W. , Ericsen Adam J. , Raveendran Muthuswamy , Harris R. Alan , Muzny Donna M. , Gibbs Richard A. , Rogers Jeffrey , O’Connor David H. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTKiller cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptors (KIRs) modulate disease progression of pathogens including HIV, malaria, and hepatitis C. Cynomolgus and rhesus macaques are widely used as nonhuman primate models to study human pathogens and so considerable effort has been put into characterizing their KIR genetics. However, previous studies have relied on cDNA cloning and Sanger sequencing that lacks the throughput of current sequencing platforms. In this study, we present a high throughput, full-length allele discovery method utilizing PacBio circular consensus sequencing (CCS). We also describe a new approach to Macaque Exome Sequencing (MES) and the development of the Rhexome1.0, an adapted target capture reagent that includes macaque-specific capture probesets. By using sequence reads generated by whole genome sequencing (WGS) and MES to inform primer design, we were able to increase the sensitivity of KIR allele discovery. We demonstrate this increased sensitivity by defining nine novel alleles within a cohort of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques (MCM), a geographically isolated population with restricted KIR genetics that was thought to be completely characterized. Finally, we describe an approach to genotyping KIRs directly from sequence reads generated using WGS/MES reads. The findings presented here expand our understanding of KIR genetics in MCM by associating new genes with all eight KIR haplotypes and demonstrating the existence of at least oneKIR3DSgene associated with every haplotype.
Aspace-jumpderivation for non-local models of cell-cell adhesion and non-local chemotaxis
Authors: Buttenschön Andreas , Hillen Thomas , Gerisch Alf , Painter Kevin J. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractCellular adhesion provides one of the fundamental forms of biological interaction between cells and their surroundings, yet the continuum modelling of cellular adhesion has remained mathematically challenging. In 2006, Armstronget al.proposed a mathematical model in the form of an integro-partial differential equation. Although successful in applications, a derivation from an underlying stochastic random walk has remained elusive. In this work we develop a framework by which non-local models can be derived from a space-jump process. We show how the notions of motility and a cell polarization vector can be naturally included. With this derivation we are able to include microscopic biological properties into the model. We show that particular choices yield the original Armstrong model, while others lead to more general models, including a doubly non-local adhesion model and non-local chemotaxis models. Finally, we use random walk simulations to confirm that the corresponding continuum model represents the mean field behaviour of the stochastic random walk.
Introducing ‘Young Minds Matter’
Authors: Hafekost Jennifer , Johnson Sarah , Lawrence David , Sawyer Michael , Ainley John , Mihalopoulos Cathrine , Zubrick Stephen R. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractYoung Minds Matter: The second Australian Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing provides updated national prevalence estimates of mental disorders in children and adolescents and measures the burden and impact of these disorders and the use of services and unmet need for services in the health and education sectors. The field work for Young Minds Matter included face‐to‐face interviews with the primary carer of 6,310 children and adolescents aged 4–17 years who were randomly selected from across Australia. This article describes the survey, the response rates achieved and the representativeness of the sample.
Do Pro‐Poor Schools Reach Out to the Poor? Location Choice of BRAC and ROSC Schools in Bangladesh
Authors: Asadullah M. Niaz 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLocation choice of ‘one teacher, one classroom’ non‐formal primary schools pioneered by Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) is studied vis‐à‐vis its replication under government‐managed Reaching‐Out‐of‐School (ROSC) project using school Census data. Both types of schools have a statistically significant presence in poor sub‐districts within a district. However, BRAC schools avoid pockets that lack public infrastructure and suffer from female illiteracy, while ROSC schools have greater presence in regions that have poor access to cities and roads. Moreover, ROSC schools better target regions that are under‐served by government schools; the opposite is true for BRAC schools and state‐recognised madrasas.
Birds of a Feather Flock Together: Correlation in BMI Categories in Long‐Term Relationships
Authors: Brown Heather 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis is the first article to explore partner correlations across Body Mass Index (BMI) categories for couples in long‐term, stable relationships using data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey 2006–2011. The moderating effects of three hypotheses on this correlation are tested: (i) selection; (ii) relationship stability; and (iii) social obligation or environment. The results show gender‐asymmetric effects in the correlation in BMI categories. Selection explains the majority of the correlation for men and all of the correlation in BMI categories for women. Some evidence of variables related to stability and social obligation are significantly associated with weight outcomes for men.
Ageing, Death and Life Satisfaction: Evidence from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey
Authors: Wooden Mark , Li Ning 
Published: December 2016

AbstractDoes subjective well‐being rise or fall with age or are most people, especially those in old age, sufficiently resilient that levels of subjective well‐being are very stable over the life course? This article uses longitudinal data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey and finds that self‐reported life satisfaction among a large sample of Australians does vary over time. Nevertheless, over much of adulthood—between ages 25 and 65 years—the range in this variation is very small. As people enter old age, however, life satisfaction falls quite sharply. Furthermore, this fall does not appear to be entirely driven by mortality, with the decline beginning many years prior to death.
Australian Superannuation: The Current State of Play
Authors: Chomik Rafal , Piggott John 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis article focuses on the challenges facing superannuation, the income replacement pillar of Australia's retirement income system, as it matures. We discuss four questions: In an era when households are making critical and complex choices that most have never previously confronted, how should policy‐makers and private providers guide choices? How should superannuation be taxed? How should the drawdown phase be structured? And to what extent will the Superannuation Guarantee be able to meet the objective of providing retirement income to substitute or supplement the age pension? This article attempts to provide perspective on each of the issues and concludes with a statement of research need.
Adolescent drinking—a touch of social class?
Authors: Pape Hilde , Norström Thor , Rossow Ingeborg 
Published: December 2016

AbstractAimsTo estimate whether parental socio‐economic status (SES) is associated with adolescent drinking, and the degree to which a possible association may be accounted for by various parental factors.Design and settingCross‐sectional Norwegian school survey from 2006 (response rate: 86%).ParticipantsStudents aged 13–14 years (n = 5797), 15–16 years (n = 6613) and 17–18 years (n = 5351), of whom 51% were girls.MeasurementsParents' education was our main SES indicator, and we distinguished between low (7%) and middle/high (93%) educational level. The outcomes comprised past‐year drinking and intoxication. We also applied measures on general parenting, parents' alcohol‐related permissiveness and parental intoxication. The main analyses were conducted using Poisson regression.FindingsParents' education had no statistically significant impact on alcohol use among the 17–18‐year‐olds, while 13–16‐year‐olds with low educated parents had an elevated relative risk (RR) of both drinking [RR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.13–1.29] and intoxication (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.21–1.44). The RRs became statistically insignificant when including all the parental factors as covariates in the regression models. Among adolescents who had consumed alcohol, low parental education was related to more frequent drinking (RR = 1.24, 95% CI = 1.11–1.38) and intoxication episodes (RR = 1.42, 95% CI = 1.22–1.66). Again, the RRs became statistically insignificant when we accounted for all the parental factors. This pattern was replicated when we applied an alternative indicator for low parental SES.ConclusionsAdolescent drinking in Norway appears to be related inversely to parents' social standing. The elevated risk of low socio‐economic status vanishes when general parenting, alcohol‐related parental permissiveness and parents' drinking are accounted for.
Optimizing combination dabrafenib and trametinib therapy in BRAF mutation‐positive advanced melanoma patients: Guidelines from Australian melanoma medical oncologists
Authors: Atkinson Victoria , Long Georgina V. , Menzies Alexander M. , McArthur Grant , Carlino Matteo S. , Millward Michael , Roberts‐Thomson Rachel , Brady Benjamin , Kefford Richard , Haydon Andrew , Cebon Jonathan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBRAF mutations occur commonly in metastatic melanomas and inhibition of mutant BRAF and the downstream kinase MEK results in rapid tumor regression and prolonged survival in patients. Combined therapy with BRAF and MEK inhibition improves response rate, progression free survival and overall survival compared with single agent BRAF inhibition, and reduces the skin toxicity that is seen with BRAF inhibitor monotherapy. However, this combination is associated with an increase in other toxicities, particularly drug‐related pyrexia, which affects approximately 50% of patients treated with dabrafenib and trametinib (CombiDT). We provide guidance on managing adverse events likely to arise during treatment with combination BRAF and MEK inhibition with CombiDT: pyrexia, skin conditions, fatigue; and discuss management of CombiDT during surgery and radiotherapy. By improving tolerability and in particular preventing unnecessary treatment cessations or reduction in drug exposure, best outcomes can be achieved for patients undergoing CombiDT therapy.
Tacrolimus dose requirements in paediatric renal allograft recipients are characterized by a biphasic course determined by age and bone maturation
Authors: Knops Noël , Herman Jean , van Dyck Maria , Ramazani Yasaman , Debbaut Edward , van Damme‐Lombaerts Rita , Levtchenko Elena , van den Heuvel Lambertus P. , Fieuws Steffen , Kuypers Dirk 
Published: December 2016

AimsDespite longstanding recognition of significant age‐dependent differences in drug disposition during childhood, the exact course and the underlying mechanisms are not known. Our aim was to determine the course and determinants of individual relative dose requirements, during long‐term follow‐up in children on tacrolimus.MethodsThis was a cohort study in a tertiary hospital with standardized annual pharmacokinetic (PK) follow‐up (AUC0–12hr) in recipients of a renal allograft (≤19 years), between 1998 and 2015. In addition, the presence of relevant pharmacogenetic variants was determined. The evolution of dose‐corrected exposure was evaluated using mixed models.ResultsA total of 184 PK visits by 43 children were included in the study (median age: 14.6). AUC0–12h corrected for dose per kg demonstrated a biphasic course: annual increase 4.4% (CI: 0.3–8.7%) until ±14 years of age, followed by 13.4% increase (CI 8.7–18.3%). Moreover, exposure corrected for dose per m2 proved stable until 14 years (+0.8% annually; CI: −3.0 to +4.8%), followed by a steep increase ≥14 years (+11%; CI: 7.0–16.0%). Analysis according to bone maturation instead of age demonstrated a similar course with a distinct divergence at TW2: 800 (P = 0.01). Genetic variation in CYP3A4, CYP3A5, and CYP3A7 was associated with altered dose requirements, independent of age.ConclusionsChildren exhibit a biphasic course in tacrolimus disposition characterized by a high and stable drug clearance until a specific phase in pubertal development (TW2: 800 at age: ±14 years), followed by an important decline in relative dose requirements thereafter. Pharmacogenetic variation demonstrated an age/puberty independent effect. We suggest a critical reappraisal of current paediatric dosing algorithms for tacrolimus and drugs with a similar disposition.
Disaster resilience: what it is and how it can engender a meaningful change in development policy
Authors: Keating Adriana , Campbell Karen , Mechler Reinhard , Magnuszewski Piotr , Mochizuki Junko , Liu Wei , Szoenyi Michael , McQuistan Colin 
Published: December 2016

Disasters pose a growing threat to sustainable development. Disaster risk management efforts have largely failed to arrest the underlying drivers of increased global risk: uncontrolled urbanization and proliferation of assets in hazardous areas. Resilience provides an opportunity to confront the social‐ecological foundations of risk and development; yet it has been vaguely conceptualized, without offering a concrete approach to operationalization. We propose a conceptualization of disaster resilience centred on well‐being: ‘The ability of a system, community or society to pursue its social, ecological and economic development objectives, while managing its disaster risk over time in a mutually reinforcing way.’We present a conceptual framework for understanding the interconnections between disasters and development, and outline how it is being operationalized in practice.
IL‐22‐induced miR‐122‐5p promotes keratinocyte proliferation by targeting Sprouty2
Authors: Jiang Meng , Ma Weiyuan , Gao Yumei , Jia Kun , Zhang Yan , Liu Haidong , Sun Qing 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPsoriasis is a common inflammatory skin disease, but the exact pathogenesis is largely unknown. Interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) has demonstrated its vital role in T‐cell‐mediated immune response by interacting with keratinocytes in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Here, we showed the differentially expressed miRNAs and their potential targets in HaCaT cells stimulated by IL‐22 using miRNA and mRNA microarrays. We revealed a total of 20 significantly changed (more than twofold) miRNAs in HaCaT cells and validated the results with quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT‐PCR). We demonstrated that miR‐122‐5p was up‐regulated both in HaCaT cells stimulated by IL‐22 and in psoriatic lesions. Then, we aimed to investigate the biological roles and potential mechanism of miR‐122‐5p in keratinocytes. As a result, CCK‐8 assay indicated that overexpression of miR‐122‐5p in keratinocytes promoted proliferation and conversely inhibition of endogenous miR‐122‐5p suppressed proliferation. According to the microarray analysis, we assumed that Sprouty2 (Spry2), a negative regulator of extracellular signal regulated kinase/mitogen‐activated protein kinase signalling pathway, was a direct target gene of miR‐122‐5p. We found that the staining of Spry2 in cytoplasm was mainly localized in both basal and suprabasal layers of epidermis and showed a markedly decreased expression in psoriasis than in normal control by immunohistochemistry. Luciferase reporter and Western blot assays in HaCaT cells demonstrated that Spry2 was a direct target gene of miR‐122‐5p. In conclusion, IL‐22‐induced miR‐122‐5p promotes keratinocyte proliferation possibly by downregulating the expression of Spry2 thus playing important roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Aberrant connective tissue differentiation towards cartilage and bone underlies human keloids in African Americans
Authors: Fuentes‐Duculan Judilyn , Bonifacio Kathleen M. , Suárez‐Fariñas Mayte , Kunjravia Norma , Garcet Sandra , Cruz Tristan , Wang Claire Q. F. , Xu Hui , Gilleadeau Patricia , Sullivan‐Whalen Mary , Tirgan Michael H. , Krueger James G. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractKeloids are benign fibroproliferative tumors more frequently found among African Americans. Until now, keloid etiopathogenesis is not fully understood. To characterize keloids in African Americans, we performed transcriptional profiling of biopsies from large chronic keloids, adjacent non‐lesional (NL) skin (n=3) and a newly formed keloid lesion using Affymetrix HGU133 2.0 plus arrays. Quantitative RT‐PCR (qRT‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining were performed to confirm increased expression of relevant genes. We identified 1202 upregulated and 961 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between keloid and NL skin; 1819 up‐ and 1867 downregulated DEGs between newly formed keloid and NL skin; and 492 up‐ and 775 downregulated DEGs between chronic and newly formed keloid (fold change >2, false discovery rate <0.05). Many of the top upregulated DEGs between chronic keloid and NL skin and between newly formed keloid and NL skin are involved in bone/cartilage formation including Fibrillin 2 (FBN2), Collagen type X alpha 1, Asporin (ASPN), Cadherin 11 (CDH11), Bone morphogenic protein 1 (BMP1), Secreted phosphoprotein 1 and Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2). qRT‐PCR confirmed significant (P<.05) upregulation of BMP1, RUNX2, CDH11 and FBN2 in chronic keloid compared to NL skin. IHC staining showed increased protein expression of ASPN, CDH11, BMP1 and RUNX2 on chronic and newly formed keloid compared to NL skin. Our study shows that large keloids in African Americans represent a dysplasia of cutaneous connective tissue towards immature cartilage or bone differentiation. The phenotype is potentially regulated by overexpression of RUNX2. This knowledge may give insights to guide the development of better treatment for the disease in the future.
Phylogenetic profiling and gene expression studies implicate a primary role of PSORS1C2 in terminal differentiation of keratinocytes
Authors: Abbas Zadeh Salman , Mlitz Veronika , Lachner Julia , Golabi Bahar , Mildner Michael , Pammer Johannes , Tschachler Erwin , Eckhart Leopold 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPSORS1C2 is a gene located between coiled‐coil alpha‐helical rod protein 1 (CCHCR1) and corneodesmosin (CDSN) within the psoriasis susceptibility locus 1 (PSORS1). Here, we performed a comparative genomics analysis of the as‐yet incompletely characterized PSORS1C2 gene and determined its expression pattern in human tissues. In contrast to CCHCR1, which is common to all vertebrates investigated, PSORS1C2 and CDSN are present exclusively in mammals, indicating that the latter genes have originated after the evolutionary divergence of mammals and reptiles. CDSN is conserved in aquatic mammals, whereas PSORS1C2 orthologs contain gene‐inactivating frame shift mutations in whales and dolphins, in which the epidermal differentiation programme has degenerated. Reverse‐transcription PCR screening demonstrated that, in human tissues, PSORS1C2 is expressed principally in the epidermis and weakly in the thymus. PSORS1C2 mRNA was strongly upregulated during terminal differentiation of human keratinocytes in vitro. Immunohistochemistry revealed exclusive expression of PSORS1C2 in the granular layer of the epidermis and in cornifying epithelial cells of Hassall's corpuscles of the thymus. In summary, our results identify PSORS1C2 as a keratinocyte cornification‐associated protein that has originated in evolutionarily basal mammals and has undergone gene inactivation in association with the loss of the skin barrier function in aquatic mammals.
Superparamagnetic iron oxide‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is useful in predicting malignant potential of vascular transformation of hypointense hypovascular nodules on gadoxetic acid‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Tanaka Yoshiaki , Nakazawa Takahide , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Yamane Keiko , Kubota Kousuke , Uojima Haruki , Takada Juichi , Okuwaki Yusuke , Hidaka Hisashi , Shibuya Akitaka , Kokubu Shigehiro , Matsunaga Keiji , Koizumi Wasaburo 
Published: December 2016

AimTo examine whether superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to assess the malignant potential of hepatic hypovascular nodules showing hypointensity during the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) on gadoxetic acid (Gd–EOB–DTPA)‐enhanced MRI.MethodsThe study included 42 patients with chronic liver disease who had small hypovascular nodules (5–15 mm) showing hypointensity during the HBP on Gd–EOB–DTPA‐enhanced MRI. The SPIO‐enhanced T2‐weighted MRI analyzed whether the signal intensity of each nodule was high. Nodules were prospectively followed up until hypervascularization by periodic Gd–EOB–DTPA‐enhanced MRI. Initial MRI findings and clinical variables were used to analyze predictive factors for hypervascularization.ResultsWe analyzed 77 nodules, of which 19 (25%) showed hypervascularization during the observation period. The cumulative rates for hypervascularization were 11% and 22% at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Hyperintensity was observed in 12 nodules (16%) on SPIO‐enhanced T2‐weighted MRI; among these, 7 (58%) showed hypervascularization, whereas 12 (18%) of the remaining 65 nodules without hyperintensity showed hypervascularization (P = 0.007). A Cox model revealed that independent predictors of hypervascularization included hyperintense nodules on SPIO‐enhanced MRI (P < 0.001). The cumulative rates for hypervascularization in hyperintense nodules on SPIO‐enhanced MRI were 52% at 1 year, whereas these rates were 3% for non‐hyperintense nodules.ConclusionSuperparamagnetic iron oxide‐enhanced MRI is useful for predicting the malignant potential of vascular transformation of hypovascular nodules with hypointensity observed in the HBP on Gd–EOB–DTPA‐enhanced MRI.
Drug‐induced nephropathies
Authors: Paueksakon Paisit , Fogo Agnes B 
Published: December 2016

Drugs are associated frequently with the development of various types of acute and chronic kidney diseases. Nephrotoxicity is associated most commonly with injury in the tubulointerstitial compartment manifested as either acute tubular injury or acute interstitial nephritis. A growing number of reports has also highlighted the potential for drug‐induced glomerular disease, including direct cellular injury and immune‐mediated injury. Recognition of drug‐induced nephropathies and rapid discontinuation of the offending agents are critical to maximizing the likelihood of renal function recovery. This review will focus on the pathology and pathogenesis of drug‐induced acute interstitial nephritis and drug‐induced glomerular diseases.
Using field photography to study avian moult
Authors: Vieira Bianca P. , Furness Robert W. , Nager Ruedi G. 
Published: December 2016

Methods to obtain moult data from wild birds have not changed much over the last century and most studies still depend on checking museum specimens or capturing birds. Here we assess the applicability of systematic field photography for detecting and scoring moult in adult Black Skimmers Rynchops niger from southern Brazil. Moult data extracted from photographs have a high within‐ (RGLMM = 0.98) and between‐observer repeatability (RGLMM = 0.97) and show very good fit to current Underhill–Zucchini moult models (R2 = 0.75). Photography offers the advantages of being less invasive, requiring less equipment and human effort, being feasible in areas where captures may not be possible, and causing less disturbance, so enhancing the number of sampled individuals.