bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validation of Adapted Dartmouth Operative Conditions Scale for sedation during pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Authors: Chandran Vanmathi , Jagadisan Barath , Ganth Barani 
Published: April 2017

SummaryAimsPediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy requires deep sedation as it involves stimulation of the airway. Frequency of adverse events is higher with esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Hence, monitoring needs sedation scales like the Dartmouth Operative Condition Scale that identifies safe states of sedation. This study aims at validating the Adapted Dartmouth Operative Condition Scale for sedation rating by pediatricians during pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy.MethodsItems in the Dartmouth Operating Conditions Scale were adapted for pediatric esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Videos of 35 procedures were recorded. The recording started 10 min before sedation and continued till recovery. The videos were split into preprocedure videos, intraprocedure videos, and recovery videos, and further split into 30‐s clips. Twenty representative intraprocedure videos clips were selected. Ten raters scored the videos with the Adapted Dartmouth Operating Conditions Scale and modified‐COMFORT score. The Adapted Dartmouth Operating Conditions Scale scoring was repeated after a month. The preprocedure videos, intraprocedure videos, and recovery videos of ten patients (six clips each) were scored by one rater to assess responsiveness.ResultsThe Adapted Dartmouth Operating Conditions Scale detected nonoptimal sedation states including laryngospasm due to undersedated states. It showed fair interrater reliability at timeline‐1 (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.45) and timeline‐2 (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.65) but poor intrarater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.32). There was significant positive correlation with modified‐COMFORT (Spearman's rank order correlation, r = 0.150). Responsiveness was demonstrated by the difference in the preprocedure videos, intraprocedure videos, and recovery videos scores (F = 126.50).ConclusionThe Adapted Dartmouth Operating Conditions Scale detects nonoptimal sedation states during pediatric‐esophagogastroduodenoscopy. It shows good criterion validity, interrater reliability, and responsiveness. Poor intrarater reliability seen in our study could be due to item ambiguity arising from the mode of training of the raters in the Dartmouth Operating Conditions Scale.
Elevated auxin and reduced cytokinin contents in rootstocks improve their performance and grafting success
Authors: Li Wei , Fang Chu , Krishnan Sanalkumar , Chen Junmei , Yu Hao , Murphy Angus S. , Merewitz Emily , Katin‐Grazzini Lorenzo , McAvoy Richard J. , Deng Ziniu , Zale Janice , Li Yi 
Published: April 2017

SummaryPlant grafting is an important technique for horticultural and silvicultural production. However, many rootstock plants suffer from undesirable lateral bud outgrowth, low grafting success rates or poor rooting. Here, we used a root‐predominant gene promoter (SbUGT) to drive the expression of a tryptophan‐2‐monooxygenase gene (iaaM) from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to increase auxin levels in tobacco. The transgenic plants, when used as a rootstock, displayed inhibited lateral bud outgrowth, enhanced grafting success rate and improved root initiation. However, root elongation and biomass of SbUGT::iaaM transgenic plants were reduced compared to those of wild‐type plants. In contrast, when we used this same promoter to drive CKX (a cytokinin degradation gene) expression, the transgenic tobacco plants displayed enhanced root elongation and biomass. We then made crosses between the SbUGT::CKX and SbUGT::iaaM transgenic plants. We observed that overexpression of the CKX gene neutralized the negative effects of auxin overproduction on root elongation. Also, the simultaneous expression of both the iaaM and CKX genes in rootstock did not disrupt normal growth and developmental patterns in wild‐type scions. Our results demonstrate that expression of both the iaaM and CKX genes predominantly in roots of rootstock inhibits lateral bud release from rootstock, improves grafting success rates and enhances root initiation and biomass.
Metabolic adaptations for isopod specialization in three species of Dysdera spiders from the Canary Islands
Authors: Toft Søren , Macías‐Hernández Nuria 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe spider genus Dysdera is considered to comprise specialist isopod feeders, although the degree of specialization varies between species, depending on morphological (shape of chelicerae), behavioural (attack tactics) and metabolic (food quality of prey) adaptations. Dysdera has radiated extensively in the Canary Islands (currently 47 endemic species are described) and codistributed species have different cheliceral shapes and body sizes indicating different feeding niches. In the present study, we investigate the existence of metabolic adaptations to feeding on isopods by three endemic species (Dysdera insulana Simon, Dysdera macra Simon and Dysdera verneaui Simon) from Tenerife. We hypothesize that there is enhanced extraction efficiency of fundamental macronutrients from isopods compared with control prey in species with special morphological and behavioural adaptations for this prey type. We measure quantitatively spider growth, dry mass consumption, lipid and nitrogen consumption, and calculate growth efficiency and efficiency of utilization of dry mass, lipid and nitrogen. The results show that all three species are able to utilize both prey types, indicating that none of them are strict isopod specialist. Dysdera insulana shows enhanced growth efficiency and D. macra shows enhanced nitrogen extraction efficiency compared with D. verneaui when feeding on Porcellio rather than on Musca. Both traits indicate likely adaptations for the utilization of isopods. Spider species, sex and prey type all affect lipid and nitrogen extraction efficiencies, indicating that spiders do not simply extract nutrients in the proportions available. The results support the hypothesis that adaptations for enhanced digestion of focal prey evolve in species that already have adaptations for enhanced capture success.
Transitional care interventions: Relevance for nursing in the community
Authors: Coffey Alice , Mulcahy Helen , Savage Eileen , Fitzgerald Serena , Bradley Colin , Benefield Lazelle , Leahy‐Warren Patricia 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectivesThe coordination and integration of health care is compromised by complex challenges related to transitions between care settings, greater prevalence of chronic health conditions, and older individuals with increasing levels of dependency. Transitional care incorporates a broad range of services designed to provide care continuity. This systematic review aims to synthesize and present findings regarding the relevance of transitional care interventions to community nursing.Design and SampleA systematic search of electronic databases was conducted as part of a larger review to identify evidence‐based interventions to support a model to guide nursing and midwifery in the community in Ireland. All relevant empirical studies published in English between 2010 and 2015 were included.MeasuresStudies were assessed based on inclusion criteria. The Cochrane Risk of Bias and AMSTAR tools were used to assess the methodological quality of studies. Key themes and concepts were extracted and synthesized.ResultsTransitional care interventions had significant positive effects in reducing all‐cause readmissions, mortality, and heart failure‐related rehospitalizations.ConclusionEffective transitional care requires excellent communication between acute and primary care providers. This has implications for integration and organization of care across settings and nursing competence.
Photosynthetic acclimation of Chlorella saccharophila to heat stress
Authors: Patil Smita , Pandit Reena , Lali Arvind 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYPhotosynthesis is one of the most important metabolic processes of algae; which is altered as a stress response. During mass cultivation of algae, temperature rise and high light are major factors that affect biomass productivity. High temperature affects photosystem II (PSII) complex irreversibly, damaging intermolecular interactions in it. However, the impact of high temperature on photosynthesis is highly variable among different algal species, depending on the prior acclimation to environmental conditions they were exposed to. The acclimation plays an important role in combating high temperature stress via regulation of photosynthetic responses. Chlorophyll a fluorescence is a highly sensitive, non‐destructive and reliable tool for such measurements of photosynthetic parameters, which provides information about algal photosynthetic performance under given conditions. To understand the effect of heat stress on the responses of high light acclimated alga Chlorella saccharophila, chlorophyll a fluorescence transients were measured after heat exposure at 40°C. Our study demonstrates that rise in temperature for short duration; during open field cultivation reversibly affects the efficiency of PSII in light acclimated alga C. saccharophila. The effects of heat stress on chlorophyll a fluorescence in this alga, grown under high light (max‐1600 μmol photons m−2 s−1) are presented here; they are used to infer changes in photosynthetic process during its exposure to heat, as well as their recovery after 72 h. We speculate that heat resistance may have been acquired due to prior exposures to high light.
Symbiotic green algae in eggs of Hynobius nigrescens, an amphibian endemic to Japan
Authors: Muto Kiyoaki , Nishikawa Kanto , Kamikawa Ryoma , Miyashita Hideaki 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYThe egg capsules of some amphibians' eggs are known to become green colored before hatching. This is due to the increase of green symbionts in the egg capsule surrounding the embryo. The green symbionts in North American amphibian eggs were reported to be unicellular green algae in the Oophila‐clade of Volvocales, Chlorophyceae. However, it remains unclear whether this is also the case in other parts of the world. In this study, we analyzed the green symbionts in green‐colored eggs of Hynobius nigrescens, an amphibian endemic to Japan, obtained from five distinct locations. Microscopic observations revealed that the green symbionts were similar in appearance to Oophila amblystomatis, which was reported in some amphibian eggs in North America, in which non‐motile cells of the algae had thick cell walls with reticulate protuberances. PCR‐DGGE followed by phylogenetic analyses of partial 18S rRNA sequences revealed that the symbionts from the five locations were identical and most likely unialgal in each egg capsule. They formed an independent subclade within the Oophila‐clade, indicating that H. nigrescens has a unique symbiont. Our data are consistent with the previous report on North American amphibian eggs and support the specific symbiotic relationships between Oophila‐clade symbionts and the eggs of amphibians. This is the first report on the specific symbiont‐and‐host association between an Oophila‐clade symbiont and an amphibian outside of North America. We also discuss several possibilities regarding the origin of green symbionts (vertical transmission or invasion) on the basis of the discovery and detailed observation of H. nigrescens eggs without any green symbionts.
The creation and dissemination of downloadable information on dementia and driving from a social health perspective
Authors: Arai Yumiko , Arai Asuna , Mizuno Yoko , Kamimura Naoto , Ikeda Manabu 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundDriving cessation is a likely consequence of progressive dementia. Patients and families can benefit from support through this transition, both to safeguard the patient and public and to help preserve healthy social activity of the patient.MethodsTo provide appropriate supportive information, we developed a 35‐page manual (‘Supporting family caregivers of older drivers with dementia’) available as a free download from our department website. We then informed municipal governments of its availability, tracked website access metrics, and followed up 7 months later with a postal survey to the heads of each municipal government’s department of welfare for older citizens.ResultsFrom February to September 2010, the manual was accessed 33 494 times. Of the 1750 municipalities sent surveys, we received 1067 responses (61%). The responses showed that 943 professionals (94.6%) were able to obtain information they needed from the manual, 247 (23%) had used the manual to help residents during the 7 months, and 89% of those who used the manual used it to provide relevant advice to family caregivers. The responses also showed that significantly more use occurred in towns and villages as opposed to cities, consistent with the limited public transportation options in smaller municipalities (P = 0.002).ConclusionsWe anticipate that use of this manual will raise general awareness of this social health issue and facilitate collaborations to provide more social support for those with dementia and their family members.
The association between objective income and subjective financial need and depressive symptoms in South Koreans aged 60 and older
Authors: Kim Woorim , Kim Tae Hyun , Lee Tae‐Hoon , Ju Yeong Jun , Park Eun‐Cheol 
Published: April 2017

AimThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the gap between objective income and subjective financial need on depressive symptoms in individuals aged 60 and older.MethodsData from the 2011 and 2013 Korean Retirement and Income Study were used. A total of 4891 individuals aged 60 and older were included at baseline. The Generalized Estimating Equation model was used to examine the association between the gap in objective income and subjective financial need and the presence of depressive symptoms, which were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale.ResultsCompared to individuals in the middle objective income‐middle subjective financial need group, individuals in the low‐low category (odds ratio (OR): 1.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04–1.61) and the low‐middle category (OR: 1.26, 95%CI: 1.09–1.45) showed a statistically significant higher likelihood of having depressive symptoms. In contrast, participants in the middle‐low (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.54–0.99), high‐low (OR: 0.50, 95%CI: 0.34–0.73), high‐middle (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.63–0.87), and high‐high categories (OR: 0.74, 95%CI: 0.55–0.99) were less likely to exhibit depressive symptoms. Additionally, the lower likelihood of depressive symptoms found in middle‐ and high‐income groups with lower levels of subjective financial need was strong among individuals with chronic disease.ConclusionsDifferences in the prevalence of depressive symptoms generally exist between individuals of the same income category depending on perceived income adequacy. Therefore, it is important to consider discrepancies in objective income and subjective financial need when assessing risk factors for depressive symptoms in older populations.
Discrimination between wave‐ravinement surfaces and bedset boundaries in Pliocene shallow‐marine deposits, Crotone Basin, southern Italy: An integrated sedimentological, micropalaeontological and mineralogical approach
Authors: Zecchin Massimo , Caffau Mauro , Catuneanu Octavian , Lenaz Davide 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe lower Pliocene Belvedere Formation, cropping out in the Crotone Basin, southern Italy, exhibits a metre‐scale to decametre‐scale shallow‐marine cyclicity that shares features of both high‐frequency sequences linked to shoreline shifts and controlled by minor relative sea‐level and/or sediment supply changes, and sedimentological cycles unrelated to shoreline shifts. In order to better understand the high‐frequency sequence stratigraphic framework of this succession, an integration of sedimentological, micropalaeontological (micro‐foraminifera assemblages) and mineralogical (heavy mineral abundance) data is used. From a sedimentological/stratigraphic point of view, wave‐ravinement surfaces bounding high‐frequency sequences, and associated substrate‐controlled ichnofacies, are prominent in outcrop and document environmental and water‐depth changes, whereas bedset boundaries separating sedimentological cycles have a more subtle field appearance and are only associated with changes of environmental energy. Moreover, condensed deposits are present only above wave‐ravinement surfaces, and the high‐frequency sequences bounded by these surfaces have a thickness that is an order of magnitude greater than that of the bedsets. Micro‐foraminifera assemblages may change, and the content of heavy minerals usually increases, across wave‐ravinement surfaces, whereas both parameters do not change significantly across bedset boundaries. The abundance of heavy minerals is systematically higher, with respect to the underlying and overlying deposits, in the condensed shell beds that overlie wave‐ravinement surfaces. An integrated sedimentological, micropalaeontological and mineralogical approach represents a powerful tool to discriminate between wave‐ravinement surfaces bounding high‐frequency sequences and bedset boundaries, and in general to investigate at the intra high‐frequency sequence scale. This integrated approach is expected to be very useful in the study of potentially all shallow‐marine successions composed of small‐scale cycles, in order to delineate a detailed sequence stratigraphic framework and understand the factors that controlled the cyclicity.
Interpreting flash flood palaeoflow parameters from antidunes and gravel lenses: An example from Montserrat, West Indies
Authors: Froude Melanie J. , Alexander Jan , Barclay Jenni , Cole Paul 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe wavelength of stationary water‐surface waves and their associated antidune bedforms are related to the mean velocity and depth of formative flow. In past published sand‐bed flume experiments, it was found that lens structures were preserved during antidune growth and change, and the dimension of the lenses was empirically related to antidune wavelength, and thus could be used to estimate flow velocity and depth. This study is the first to compare observations of formative flow conditions and resulting sedimentary structures in a natural setting, testing the previously published relationship at a field‐scale. Trains of stationary and upstream migrating water‐surface waves were prevalent during the flash flood in October 2012 in the Belham Valley, Montserrat, West Indies. Wave positions and wavelengths were assessed at 900 sec intervals through the daylight hours of the event within a monitored reach. The wave data indicate flow depths up to 1·3 m and velocity up to 3·6 m sec−1. Sedimentary structures formed by antidune growth and change were preserved in the event deposit. These structures include lenses of clast‐supported gravel and massive sand, with varying internal architecture. The lenses and associated low‐angle strata are comparable to sand‐bed structures formed from stationary and upstream migrating waves in flume experiments, confirming the diagnostic value of these structures. Using mean lens length in the event deposit underestimated peak flow conditions during the flood and implied that the lenses were preserved during waning flow.
Microcirculation after Achilles tendon rupture correlates with functional and patient‐reported outcomes
Authors: Praxitelous P. , Edman G. , Ackermann P. W. 
Published: April 2017

Patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) display an extended healing process with varying clinical outcome. Poor microcirculatory blood flow has been suggested to be a significant factor for the healing process. However, whether microcirculation may predict healing outcome has been mostly unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether blood flow in the Achilles tendon may be associated with patient‐reported and functional outcomes after ATR. In vivo laser‐Doppler flowmetry was used to assess microvascular blood flow bilateral in the Achilles tendons, during post‐occlusive reactive hyperemia, of nine patients with acute total ATR at 2 weeks post‐operatively. At 3 months post‐operatively, patient‐reported outcome was assessed using Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS). At 1 year a uniform outcome score, Achilles Combined Outcome Score (ACOS), was obtained by combining validated, independent, patient‐reported (ATRS), and functional outcome (heel‐rise test) measures. An improved combined patient‐reported and functional outcome, ACOS, at 1 year was significantly correlated with higher maximum blood flow (r=.777, P=.040) in the injured limb. Furthermore, enhanced patient‐reported outcome, ATRS, at 3 months, was associated with an elevated ratio of maximum to resting blood flow (r=.809, P=.015) in the uninjured limb. Blood flow in early tendon healing is associated with long‐term patient‐reported and functional outcomes after ATR. The microcirculatory blood flow of both the healing and contralateral Achilles tendon seems to determine the healing potential after injury.
The social context of hoarding behavior: Building a foundation for sociological study
Authors: Shaeffer Megan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis paper aims to build a foundation from which sociologists can effectively address hoarding as a social problem embedded in a wider economic, cultural, and historic context. By focusing on practices of consumerism, interior design, collecting and waste disposal, we can see how socially constructed attitudes toward objects are linked with three primary hoarding behaviors: the acquisition of objects, clutter within the home, and difficulty discarding items. The transformation of shopping into a leisurely pastime has created a cultural context in which the acquisition of objects is normal and expected. Arrangement of objects within the home can be used to create of a sense of class membership, and collecting as a hobby and a lifestyle has been socially and economically encouraged since the late 1800s. Finally, a look at disposal practices reveals that the way we get rid of objects can be just as socially dictated as the way we use them. The behaviors associated with hoarding have been historically developed and are actively encouraged in contemporary western society. By examining the social context of hoarding behaviors, we can move toward an understanding of the ways that hoarders and nonhoarders alike navigate the social and economic landscape using material culture.
Spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates at a tertiary care hospital in India
Authors: Suzana Shirly , Shanmugam Sivakumar , Uma Devi K. R. , Swarna Latha P. N. , Michael Joy S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveSpoligotyping is a valuable genotyping tool to study the genetic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb). The aim of this study was to analyse different spoligotype patterns of M. tb strains isolated from patients with tuberculosis from different parts of India.Materials and MethodsA total of 163 M. tb isolates were spoligotyped between January 2014 and January 2015. About 47% (n = 77) were from patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis; of these, 10 were MDR, and seven were Pre‐XDR. Of the 86 M. tb isolates from patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, 25 were MDR, and 25 were Pre‐XDR.ResultsWe found 61 spoligo patterns, 128 clusters in the spoligotype data base (spoldb4 data base) with spoligo international type (SIT) number and 35 true unique isolates. The most pre‐dominant spoligotype was EAI lineage (56), followed by Beijing (28), CAS (20), T(9), U(7), X(3), H(3), BOVIS_1 BCG(1) and LAM(1).ConclusionAlthough our study identified EAI, CAS and Beijing strain lineages as pre‐dominant, we also found a large number of orphan strains (20%) in our study. Beijing strains were more significantly associated with MDR TB than CAS and EAI lineages. Further studies on large sample sizes would help to clearly describe the epidemiology of M. tb in India.