bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proximal ADP-ribose Hydrolysis in Trypanosomatids is Catalyzed by a Macrodomain
Authors: Haikarainen Teemu , Lehtiö Lari 
Published: April 2016

AbstractADP-ribosylation is a ubiquitous protein modification utilized by both prokaryotes and eukaryotes for several cellular functions, such as DNA repair, proliferation and cell signaling. Higher eukaryotes, such as humans, utilize various enzymes to reverse the modification and to regulate ADP-ribose dependent signaling. In contrast, some lower eukaryotes, including trypanosomatids, lack many of these enzymes and therefore have a much more simplified ADP-ribose metabolism. Here we identified and characterized ADP-ribose hydrolases from Trypanosoma brucei and Trypanosoma cruzi, which are homologous to human O-acetyl-ADP-ribose deacetylases MacroD1 and MacroD2. The enzymes are capable for hydrolysis of protein linked ADP-ribose and a product of sirtuin-mediated lysine deacetylation, O-acetyl-ADP-ribose. Crystal structures of the trypanosomatid macrodomains revealed a conserved catalytic site with distinct differences to human MacroD1 and MacroD2.
Effects of anthropogenic sound on digging behavior, metabolism, Ca2+/Mg2+ ATPase activity, and metabolism-related gene expression of the bivalve Sinonovacula constricta
Authors: Peng Chao , Zhao Xinguo , Liu Saixi , Shi Wei , Han Yu , Guo Cheng , Jiang Jingang , Wan Haibo , Shen Tiedong , Liu Guangxu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAnthropogenic sound has increased significantly in the past decade. However, only a few studies to date have investigated its effects on marine bivalves, with little known about the underlying physiological and molecular mechanisms. In the present study, the effects of different types, frequencies, and intensities of anthropogenic sounds on the digging behavior of razor clams (Sinonovacula constricta) were investigated. The results showed that variations in sound intensity induced deeper digging. Furthermore, anthropogenic sound exposure led to an alteration in the O:N ratios and the expression of ten metabolism-related genes from the glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle (TCA cycle) pathways. Expression of all genes under investigation was induced upon exposure to anthropogenic sound at ~80 dB re 1 μPa and repressed at ~100 dB re 1 μPa sound. In addition, the activity of Ca2+/Mg2+-ATPase in the feet tissues, which is directly related to muscular contraction and subsequently to digging behavior, was also found to be affected by anthropogenic sound intensity. The findings suggest that sound may be perceived by bivalves as changes in the water particle motion and lead to the subsequent reactions detected in razor clams.
Combined effects of physical exercise and education on age-related cortical thinning in cognitively normal individuals
Authors: Lee Jin San , Shin Hee Young , Kim Hee Jin , Jang Young Kyoung , Jung Na-Yeon , Lee Juyoun , Kim Yeo Jin , Chun Phillip , Yang Jin-Ju , Lee Jong-Min , Kang Mira , Park Key-Chung , Na Duk L. , Seo Sang Won 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe investigated the association between self-reported physical exercise and cortical thickness in a large sample of cognitively normal individuals. We also determined whether a combination of physical exercise and education had more protective effects on age-related cortical thinning than either parameter alone. A total of 1,842 participants were included in this analysis. Physical exercise was assessed using a questionnaire regarding intensity, frequency and duration. Cortical thickness was measured using a surface-based method. Longer duration of exercise (≥1 hr/day), but not intensity or frequency, was associated with increased mean cortical thickness globally (P-value = 0.013) and in the frontal regions (P-value = 0.007). In particular, the association of exercise with cortical thinning had regional specificity in the bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal, precuneus, left postcentral and inferior parietal regions. The combination of higher exercise level and higher education level showed greater global and frontal mean thickness than either parameter alone. Testing for a trend with the combination of high exercise level and high education level confirmed this finding (P-value = 0.001–0.003). Our findings suggest that combined exercise and education have important implications for brain health, especially considering the paucity of known protective factors for age-related cortical thinning.
Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities associated with Populus simonii and Pinus tabuliformis in the hilly-gully region of the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Long Dongfeng , Liu Jianjun , Han Qisheng , Wang Xiaobing , Huang Jian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Loess Plateau region of northwestern China has unique geological and dry/semi-dry climate characteristics. However, knowledge about ectomycorrhizal fungal (EMF) communities in the Loess Plateau is limited. In this study, we investigated EMF communities in Populus simonii and Pinus tabuliformis patches within the forest-steppe zone, in pine forests within the forest zone and the transitional zone between them. We revealed high species richness (115 operational taxonomic units [OTUs]) of indigenous EMF resources at the Loess Plateau, of which Tomentella (35 OTUs), Inocybe (16), Sebacina (16) and Geopora (7) were the most OTU-rich lineages. EMF richness within the forest-steppe zone and the transitional zone was limited, while the natural pine forest maintained diverse EMF communities in the forest zone. The changes of EMF community richness and composition along arid eco-zones were highlighted for the complex factors including precipitation, soil factors, host, DBH and altitude. Indicator analysis revealed that some EMF showed clear host preference and some taxa, i.e., genera Geopora and Inocybe, were dominant in drought and alkaline-saline conditions attributed to their environmental preference. This study revealed that EMF communities were quite limited in the forest-steppe zone, while the forest region contained diverse EMF communities in the Loess Plateau.
The role of phosphatidylinositol-transfer proteins at membrane contact sites
Authors: Selitrennik Michael , Lev Sima 
Published: April 2016

Phosphatidylinositol-transfer proteins (PITPs) have been initially identified as soluble factors that accelerate the monomeric exchange of either phosphatidylinositol (PI) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) between membrane bilayers in vitro. They are highly conserved in eukaryotes and have been implicated in different cellular processes, including vesicular trafficking, signal transduction, and lipid metabolism. Recent studies suggest that PITPs function at membrane contact sites (MCSs) to facilitate the transport of PI from its synthesis site at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to various membrane compartments. In this review, we describe the underlying mechanism of PITPs targeting to MCSs, discuss their cellular roles and potential mode of action.
Novel targets and interaction partners of mutant p53 Gain-Of-Function
Authors: Aschauer Lydia , Muller Patricia A.J. 
Published: April 2016

In many human cancers p53 expression is lost or a mutant p53 protein is expressed. Over the past 15 years it has become apparent that a large number of these mutant p53 proteins have lost wild type function, but more importantly have gained functions that promote tumorigenesis and drive chemo-resistance, invasion and metastasis. Many researchers have investigated the underlying mechanisms of these Gain-Of-Functions (GOFs) and it has become apparent that many of these functions are the result of mutant p53 hijacking other transcription factors. In this review, we summarize the latest research on p53 GOF and categorize these in light of the hallmarks of cancer as presented by Hannahan and Weinberg.
Electric‐field‐coupled contactless ID sensor for cm‐level high‐precision positioning item‐level tagging systems
Authors: Jeong M.‐G. , Kim J.‐H. , Bae S.‐H. , Lee W.‐S. 
Published: April 2016

To detect multiple identifications (IDs) for cm‐level high‐precision positioning item‐level tagging (ILT) systems in near‐field ultra‐high‐frequency RFID applications, an electric‐field‐coupled multiple ID sensor is presented. The proposed ID sensor consists of four circular electric coupling parts, an impedance‐matching network, and an SP4T switch for position control. By switching the electric‐field‐coupled sensing parts, cm‐level position detection of densely aggregated RFID tags for a small‐sized ILT can be achieved. The sensing distance of the proposed ID sensor is ∼7 mm and its physical size is 50 × 50 mm2 (∼1/7λ0 at 920 MHz).
Improvements in magnetic field intensity and uniformity for small‐animal MRI through a high‐permittivity material attachment
Authors: Seo J.‐H. , Han S.‐D. , Kim K.‐N. 
Published: April 2016

The ultra‐high field (UHF) small‐animal MRI (sa‐MRI) device provides a powerful platform for translational imaging. To achieve a high signal‐to‐noise ratio, as well as sufficient signal homogeneity in abdominal imaging, the RF coil has to be precisely tuned. A novel geometry for a high‐permittivity material (HPM) was designed and integrated into an enlarged (90 mm) birdcage (BC) RF coil. The geometrical design of the HPM attachment was based on a computational calculation, and was compared with the commonly used 72 mm bandpass filter BC coil without any HPM attachments. The resulting RF transmission (|B1+|) map clearly shows that the increased coil diameter led to a decreased |B1+| intensity. However, this loss in field intensity was mitigated by optimally integrating the HPM attachment with the coil. As a result of this attachment, the proposed design exhibits superior |B1+| intensity and uniformity along the main magnetic field z‐direction.
Comparisons of three‐phase and five‐phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors
Authors: Bonthu Sai Sudheer Reddy , Choi Seungdeog , Baek Jeihoon 
Published: April 2016

This paper presents the comparison of three‐phase and five‐phase permanent magnet assisted synchronous reluctance motors (PMa‐SynRM) in terms of their design and performance characteristics. With higher fault tolerant capability, efficiency, and reliability, the five‐phase PMa‐SynRM can be a better substitute when compared with the three‐phase PMa‐SynRM in critical applications where safety is top priority. In this study, for a fair comparison, same design procedure using in lumped parameter modelling is followed in developing the three‐phase and five‐phase PMa‐SynRMs. The models are optimised to minimise cost and maximise efficiency. For further detailed comparison of the three‐phase and five‐phase PMa‐SynRMs, two‐dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) is utilised. Performance characteristics such as torque pulsation, back electromotive force, flux linkage, d‐ and q‐axis inductances versus their respective currents, cogging torque, efficiency plot, and torque‐speed characteristics are intensively simulated through FEA. The optimised three‐phase and five‐phase PMa‐SynRMs are fabricated with the same power rating (3 kW) and same volume. Experimental tests are conducted on the prototypes to validate the simulation results.
Model‐based loss minimisation scheme for wind solar hybrid generation system using (grid‐connected) doubly fed induction generator
Authors: Parida Adikanda , Chatterjee Debashis 
Published: April 2016

A wind–solar hybrid system using doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) is described in this study. An optimum rotor current control strategy considering minimum losses of the induction generator over entire period of operation is proposed. In the proposed scheme, a solar photovoltaic (PV) unit of appropriate capacity has been augmented with the rotor circuit of the DFIG along with a marginal battery backup to supplement the rotor power in order to maintain continuity of power generation. The active power fluctuations at the stator terminals of the DFIG can be minimised as both solar PV and wind energy can complement each other during lean periods of either of the sources. The proposed scheme has been simulated and experimentally validated with a 2.5 kW DFIG using dSPACE CP1104 module, which produced satisfactory results.
Resistivity and optical transmittance dependence on length and diameter of nanowires in silver nanowire layers in application to transparent conductive coatings
Authors: Anoshkin Ilya V. , Nefedova Irina I. , Nefedov Igor S. , Lioubtchenko Dmitri V. , Nasibulin Albert G. , Räisänen Antti V. 
Published: April 2016

Optical absorption spectra and electrical conductivity of silver nanowires with mean diameters of 56, 73, and 106 nm and mean length of 10.4, 12.6, and 32.0 µm, respectively have been experimentally studied. The size dependent effective permittivity of silver nanowire layers is calculated using mixing equations as for anisotropic materials according to the Maxwell‐Garnett theory. The absorption spectra peak positions of nanowires with various diameters are interpreted according to the theoretical calculations based on the Mie theory, which allow to predict dependence of the optical properties on the nanowire diameter. The sheet resistance measurements show that 13–15 Ω/sq at the level of 80–90% transmittance at 550 nm wavelength can be achieved.
Using Hierarchical Bayesian Multispecies Mixture Models to Estimate Tandem Hoop‐net‐Based Habitat Associations and Detection Probabilities of Fishes in Reservoirs
Authors: Stewart David R. , Long James M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSpecies distribution models are useful tools to evaluate habitat relationships of fishes. We used hierarchical Bayesian multispecies mixture models to evaluate the relationships of both detection and abundance with habitat of reservoir fishes caught using tandem hoop nets. A total of 7,212 fish from 12 species were captured, and the majority of the catch was composed of Channel Catfish Ictalurus punctatus (46%), Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus (25%), and White Crappie Pomoxis annularis (14%). Detection estimates ranged from 8% to 69%, and modeling results suggested that fishes were primarily influenced by reservoir size and context, water clarity and temperature, and land‐use types. Species were differentially abundant within and among habitat types, and some fishes were found to be more abundant in turbid, less impacted (e.g., by urbanization and agriculture) reservoirs with longer shoreline lengths; whereas, other species were found more often in clear, nutrient‐rich impoundments that had generally shorter shoreline length and were surrounded by a higher percentage of agricultural land. Our results demonstrated that habitat and reservoir characteristics may differentially benefit species and assemblage structure. This study provides a useful framework for evaluating capture efficiency for not only hoop nets but other gear types used to sample fishes in reservoirs.Received October 14, 2014; accepted December 23, 2015 Published online April 11, 2016
A systematic review of education programmes to prevent concussion in rugby union
Authors: Fraas Michael R. , Burchiel Jessica 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackground: There is a high incidence of concussion sustained by athletes participating in rugby union, many of which go unreported. A lack of sufficient knowledge about concussion injuries may explain athletes’ failure to report. Several rugby union‐playing countries have developed injury education and prevention programmes to address this issue. Objective: The aim of the current review was to systematically assess the content and level of evidence on concussion education/prevention programmes in rugby union and to make recommendations for the quality, strength, and consistency of this evidence. Methods: We searched PubMed, PsycInfo, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscuss, Webofscience, and conducted a manual search for articles. Results: Ten articles were included for review. Of these, six focused on the BokSmart injury prevention programme in South Africa, two focused on the RugbySmart injury prevention programme in New Zealand, one was an analysis of prevention programmes, and one was a systematic review of rugby injury prevention strategies. Conclusions: Despite the initiative to develop concussion education and prevention programmes, there is little evidence to support the effectiveness of such programmes. There is evidence to support education of coaches and referees. In addition, there is scant evidence to suggest that education and rule changes may have the benefit of changing athlete behaviours resulting in a reduction in catastrophic injury.
Axel Honneth,The Struggle for Recognition
Authors: Mark D. Clifton 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAxel Honneth’s The Struggle for Recognition develops an empirically anchored theory of social conflict based on Hegel’s theory of recognition. In this book, he argues for an intersubjective view of identity and a moral interpretation of social conflict. According to Honneth, social struggles may be normatively evaluated by the extent to which they provide the preconditions for self-realization in the form of three distinct types of recognition: love, respect, and social esteem. Honneth’s normative ideal aims to occupy a middle ground between overly abstract Kantian theories and potentially parochial communitarian theories. Although the book has been subject to a variety of criticisms, it provides the most systematic and ambitious social theory of recognition available today.
Will Kymlicka,Multicultural Citizenship
Authors: Spinner-Halev Jeff 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBy finding a way to incorporate people’s cultural attachment in a liberal framework, Will Kymlicka’s Multicultural Citizenship changed the way liberal political theorists look at identity. Kymlicka argued that culture, and in particular language, could not be a private matter as liberals assumed, since every state must pick one official language (or a small number of them). Yet official languages were unfair to those who spoke a different language; additionally Kymlicka argued that individual self-respect was an important liberal value, and was tied to a secure cultural context. Critics argued that culture was hard to define, and cultural attachments were much more malleable than Kymlicka suggested. While these criticisms did undermine the power of some of Kymlicka’s arguments, one of Kymlicka’s lasting contributions is the now widely accepted idea that certain kinds of identities cannot be assumed to be a private matter.
Cultural Neuroscience Studies of the Self-Reflection
Authors: Han Shihui , Ma Yina 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Self-reflection characterizes human thoughts. How the brain reflects on the self and relevant emotional consequences, however, varies significantly across individuals. This chapter discusses whether and how sociocultural/sensory experiences and biological factors, such as genes, influence the neural correlates of reflection on the self and close others. By presenting the findings of transcultural and cultural priming neuroimaging studies and the findings of imaging genetics, we suggest that both sensory and sociocultural experiences shape the pattern of neural activity involved in the cognitive processes during self-reflection. Genetic makeup, however, produces novel effects on the neural activity underlying the emotional consequences of self-reflection. The findings provide a cultural neuroscience framework for understanding of self-reflection and its relationship with mental health.
The Cultural Neuroscience of Intergroup Bias
Authors: Cheon Bobby K. , Hong Ying-yi 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Culture defines how groups, and the individuals situated within them, conceptualize and navigate relationships with in-group and out-group members. How diversity in these group processes and their neural substrates emerge remains an open question. Diversity in intergroup processes may have arisen from perceived threats from the environment. Groups in environments that present greater collective uncertainties and threats may have been more likely to adopt shared norms, practices, and institutions that promote and reinforce cohesion, coordination, and the prioritization of the welfare of in-groups over out-groups—contributing to cultural diversity in intergroup bias. This cultural diversity is proposed to be supported by differential pressure across environments on neurobiological systems that regulate responsiveness to threats and facilitate affiliation with in-groups. These two processes may mutually reinforce and co-construct one another, functioning to translate perceived threats from the environment into the cultural variations observed in the neural and behavioral manifestations of intergroup bias.
The Encultured Genome
Authors: Chen Chuansheng , Moyzis Robert K. , Lei Xuemei , Chen Chunhui , Dong Qi 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis chapter aims to stipulate a line of research on the role of culture in recent human evolution. We discuss and evaluate several common arguments against recent human evolution. Second, we summarize empirical evidence for recent human evolution from classic examples to recent genome-wide searches. Third, using three data sets, we present detailed analyses of the extent of universal and group-specific selection of genes that are most relevant to human behaviors, namely neurotransmitter genes. We found that (1) a large number of neurotransmitter genes expressed in the central nervous system showed evidence of recent selection; (2) approximately one-fourth of these selection events appeared to be common among the four groups studied (i.e., Africans, Europeans, East Asians, and Australian Aborigines); and (3) selected gene variants were generally associated with better school-related skills but poorer performance on some cognitive and socioemotional traits, which seemed consistent with the human self-domestication hypothesis.
Conclusion—Oxford Handbook of Cultural Neuroscience
Authors: Chiao Joan Y. , Li Shu-Chen , Seligman Rebecca , Turner Robert 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The chapters in this scholarly collection represent the foundations of the conceptual and empirical approaches in cultural neuroscience and the potential for this field to address outstanding questions in population health disparities. Closing the gap in population health disparities represents an important opportunity and challenge for scholars and public policy makers. To provide equity in access and quality of health care irrespective of culture, race and ethnicity across geography, it is important to understand both 1) the etiology underlying population disparities in mental health and 2) the factors that contribute to access and quality of health care and treatment. Cultural neuroscience is a field that contributes to both endeavors.
Cultural Neuroscience and Neurophilosophy
Authors: Northoff Georg 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Many studies show the cultural dependence of the brain’s neural activity, but the underlying mechanisms of such “enculturation of brain” are unclear. How it is possible for the neural activity to be so strongly dependent on and shaped by the cultural context? Conceptually, this raises the question for the concept of culture and its relationship to the brain and what exactly is meant by “enculturation of brain.” Empirically, the enculturation of brain raises the more general and basic question of how stimuli and their respective cultural context are encoded into neural activity. I suggest a statistically based coding strategy that encodes the stimuli’s statistical frequency distribution rather than the single stimuli into neural activity. The cultural dependence of neural activity may be traced back to the brain’s neural code and its particular encoding strategy, the encoding of the stimuli’s natural and sociocultural statistics, which may account for the enculturation of brain.