bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From accelerated warming to warming hiatus in China
Authors: Xie Yongkun , Huang Jianping , Liu Yuzhi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTAs the recent global warming hiatus has attracted worldwide attention, we examined the robustness of the warming hiatus in China and the related dynamical mechanisms in this study. Based on the results confirmed by the multiple data and trend analysis methods, we found that the annual mean temperature in China had a cooling trend during the recent global warming hiatus period, which suggested a robust warming hiatus in China. The warming hiatus in China was dominated by the cooling trend in the cold season, which was mainly induced by the more frequent and enhanced extreme‐cold events. By examining the variability of the temperature over different time scales, we found the recent warming hiatus was mainly associated with a downward change of decadal variability, which counteracted the background warming trend. Decadal variability was also much greater in the cold season than in the warm season, and also contributed the most to the previous accelerated warming. We found that the previous accelerated warming and the recent warming hiatus, and the decadal variability of temperature in China were connected to changes in atmospheric circulation. There were opposite circulation changes during these two periods. The westerly winds from the low to the high troposphere over the north of China all enhanced during the previous accelerated warming period, while it weakened during the recent hiatus. The enhanced westerly winds suppressed the invasion of cold air from the Arctic and vice versa. Less frequent atmospheric blocking during the accelerated warming period and more frequent blocking during the recent warming hiatus confirmed this hypothesis. Furthermore, variation in the Siberian High and East Asian winter monsoon season supports the given conclusions.
Late nitrogen application increased protein concentration but not baking quality of wheat
Authors: Xue Cheng , Schulte auf'm Erley Gunda , Rücker Sulamith , Koehler Peter , Obenauf Ulfried , Mühling Karl Hermann 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLate application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers at heading or anthesis is usually performed to produce wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with high bread‐making quality. However, increasing energy costs and ecological problems due to N losses call for efficient and simplified N fertilization strategies. This study aimed to investigate the effect of late N fertilization on grain protein quality and thus baking quality and to evaluate if similar wheat quality can be maintained without late N application. Field experiments with two winter wheat cultivars differing in quality groups were conducted. The fertilization treatments comprised a rate of 220 kg N ha−1 applied in two or three doses (referred to as split N application), and 260 kg N ha−1 applied in four doses (additional late N fertilization) with different N fertilizer types. The results show that although split N application had no effect on grain protein concentration (GPC), it affected N partitioning in the grain, increasing mainly the concentration and proportion of the glutenin fraction. As a result, baking quality was improved by split N application. Late N fertilization enhanced GPC and the relative abundance of certain high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW‐GS). However, it had no effect on N partitioning in the grain and did not further improve baking quality. No obvious differences were found between N fertilizer types on grain yield and quality. The N fertilization effect was more pronounced on the wheat cultivar whose baking quality was more dependent on protein concentration. In evaluating baking quality of wheat flour, gliadin and glutenin proportions were better correlated with loaf volume than the overall protein concentration.
How publishing in open access journals threatens science and what we can do about it
Authors: Romesburg H. Charles 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe last decade has seen an enormous increase in the number of peer‐reviewed open access research journals in which authors whose articles are accepted for publication pay a fee to have them made freely available on the Internet. Could this popularity of open access publishing be a bad thing? Is it actually imperiling the future of science? In this commentary, I argue that it is. Drawing upon research literature, I explain why it is almost always best to publish in society journals (i.e., those sponsored by research societies such asJournal of Wildlife Management) and not nearly as good to publish in commercial academic journals, and worst—to the point it should normally be opposed—to publish in open access journals (e.g.,PLOS ONE). I compare the operating plans of society journals and open access journals based on 2 features: the quality of peer review they provide and the quality of debate the articles they publish receive. On both features, the quality is generally high for society journals but unacceptably low for open access journals, to such an extent that open access publishing threatens to pollute science with false findings. Moreover, its popularity threatens to attract researchers’ allegiance to it and away from society journals, making it difficult for them to achieve their traditionally high standards of peer reviewing and of furthering debate. I prove that the commonly claimed benefits to science of open access publishing are nonexistent or much overestimated. I challenge the notion that journal impact factors should be a key consideration in selecting journals in which to publish. I suggest ways to strengthen theJournaland keep it strong. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.
Enhanced Targeted Delivery of Cyclodextrin‐Based Supermolecules by Core–Shell Nanocapsules for Magnetothermal Chemotherapy
Authors: Lin I‐Chieh , Fang Jen‐Hung , Lin Chien‐Ting , Sung Shou‐Yuan , Su Yu‐Lin , Hu Shang‐Hsiu 
Published: June 2016

In this study, double‐emulsion capsules (DECs) capable of concealing drug‐incorporated targeted‐supermolecules are developed to achieve “on‐demand” supermolecule release and enhanced sequential targeting for magneto‐chemotherapy. These water‐in‐oil‐in‐water DECs less than 200 nm in diameter are synthesized using a single component of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) polymer and the magnetic nanoparticles, which are capable of encapsulating large quantities of targeted supermolecules composed of palitaxel‐incorporated beta‐cyclodextrin decorated by hyaluronic acid (HA, a CD44‐targeting ligand) in the watery core. The release profiles (slow, sustained and burst release) of the targeted supermolecules can be directly controlled by regulating the high‐frequency magnetic field (HFMF) and polymer conformation without sacrificing the targeting ability. Through an intravenous injection, the positive targeting of the supermolecules exhibited a 20‐fold increase in tumor accumulation via the passive targeting and delivery of DECs followed by positive targeting of the supermolecules. Moreover, this dual‐targeting drug‐incorporated supermolecular delivery vehicle at the tumor site combined with magneto‐thermal therapy suppressed the cancer growth more efficiently than treatment with either drug or supermolecule alone. image
Cylindrical multipole expansion for periodic sources with applications for three‐phase power cables
Authors: Nordebo Sven , Gustafsson Mats , Ivanenko Yevhen , Nilsson Börje , Sjöberg Daniel 
Published: June 2016

This paper presents a cylindrical multipole expansion for periodic sources with applications for three‐phase power cables. It is the aim of the contribution to provide some analytical solutions and techniques that can be useful in the calculation of cable losses. Explicit analytical results are given for the fields generated by a three‐phase helical current distribution and which can be computed efficiently as an input to other numerical methods such as, for example, the Method of Moments. It is shown that the field computations are numerically stable at low frequencies (such as 50 Hz) as well as in the quasi‐magnetostatic limit provided that sources are divergence‐free. The cylindrical multipole expansion is furthermore used to derive an efficient analytical model of a measurement coil to measure and estimate the complex valued permeability of magnetic steel armour in the presence of a strong skin‐effect. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermoplastic elastomers based on poly(l‐Lysine)‐Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) multi‐block copolymers
Authors: Ling Jun , Wang Xiaoqing , You Lixin , Shen Zhiquan 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTNovel thermoplastic elastomers based on multi‐block copolymers of poly(l‐lysine) (PLL), poly(N‐ε‐carbobenzyloxyl‐l‐lysine) (PZLL), poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL), and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were synthesized by combination of ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) and chain extension vial‐lysine diisocyanate (LDI). SEC and1H NMR were used to characterize the multi‐block copolymers, with number‐average molecular weights between 38,900 and 73,400 g/mol. Multi‐block copolymers were proved to be good thermoplastic elastomers with Young's modulus between 5 and 60 MPa and tensile strain up to 1300%. The PLL‐containing multi‐block copolymers were electrospun into non‐woven mats that exhibited high surface hydrophilicity and wettability. The polypeptide–polyester materials were biocompatible, bio‐based and environment‐friendly for promising wide applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem.2016,54, 3012–3018
Scattering near‐field optical microscopy on metallic and semiconducting carbon nanotube bundles in the infrared
Authors: Németh Gergely , Datz Dániel , Tóháti Hajnalka M. , Pekker Áron , Kamarás Katalin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe demonstrate that scattering‐type near‐field optical microscopy (s‐SNOM) at infrared frequencies can be effectively used to distinguish between carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles based on their electrical properties. Samples from separated metallic and semiconductor nanotubes and their mixtures were investigated using infrared lasers under near‐field conditions. In this frequency range, the difference in the free‐carrier concentration between metallic and semiconducting tubes is expected to influence the properties of the scattered light. The remarkable difference in the optical phase images proves that this is indeed the case: the metallic and semiconducting bundles are unambiguously identifiable in the sample, even in case of 5 nm diameter bundles. The measurements agree qualitatively with our calculations based on the extended finite dipole model using the known optical functions of the constituting nanotubes.
Ligand Free Palladium Catalyzed Synthesis of 3‐Aryl/heteroaryl‐4‐Indolylmaleimide and its Antimicrobial Activity.
Authors: Sharma Deepak K. , Rajput Vikrant S. , Singh Samsher , Sharma Rashmi , Khan Inshad A. , Mukherjee Debaraj 
Published: June 2016

AbstractHere we have developed ligand free palladium catalyzed Suzuki coupling of 3‐bromo‐1‐methyl‐4‐indolylmaleimide under room temperature condition. Twenty unsymmetrical indolylmaleimide derivatives (4 a‐4 t) were synthesised using various aryl‐ and heteroarylboronic acids in good to excellent yields. Synthesised compounds were further screened for its antimicrobial activity. Compounds 4 q displayed significant minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 2.3µM toward S. aureus. 4 q was also found to be bactericidal in nature with minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) value of 4.6 µM. The selective index calculated for compounds 4 q was 38.84 towards S. aureus. Compound 4 s was found to be active against M. Tuberculosis and 3.5 times more efficacious than standard drug rifampicin against multidrug‐resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR‐MT) strain. In mechanistic study, we identified that 4 s is active in Shikimate kinase enzyme inhibition assay.
Multicomponent Reactions in Organic Synthesis Using Copper‐Based Nanocatalysts
Authors: Das Debjit 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEnvironment‐friendly and comparatively inexpensive copper‐based nanoparticles have been extensively explored as highly selective catalysts in C−C and C‐heteroatom bond forming reactions. Among them, multicomponent reactions (MCRs), performed with heterogeneous copper‐based nanocatalysts have undergone an explosive growth in recent years. The one pot character of MCRs delivers smaller amount by‐products compared to classical stepwise synthetic routes, with lower costs, time and energy. These advantages of MCRs, along with a variety of readily available cheap copper‐based nanoparticles, enhance the scope to generate many catalytic systems. The present review primarily aims to illustrate the progress of ex situ or in situ generated copper‐based nanoparticles catalyzed various MCRs towards the synthesis of important organic compounds. The mechanistic aspects of the reactions have been highlighted as well.
Cu(II)‐catalyzed Enantioselective α‐Hydroxylation and α‐Chlorination of β‐Ketoesters with N,N,O‐Tridentate Chiral Phenanthroline Ligand
Authors: Naganawa Yuki , Aoyama Tomotaka , Kato Keisuke , Nishiyama Hisao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe N,N,O‐tridentate chiral phenanthroline ligand was employed for Cu(II)‐catalyzed enantioselective α‐hydroxylation of β‐ketoesters with racemic Davis’ oxaziridine to provide the corresponding product. We also tried to understand the plausible mechanism for asymmetric induction of this reaction, achieved by the effective shielding of prochiral Cu(II) enolate. With this working hypothesis, enantioselective α‐chlorination of β‐ketoesters to give the corresponding products was achieved with high enantioselectivity.
CloudEyes: Cloud‐based malware detection with reversible sketch for resource‐constrained internet of things (IoT) devices
Authors: Sun Hao , Wang Xiaofeng , Buyya Rajkumar , Su Jinshu 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBecause of the rapid increasing of malware attacks on the Internet of Things in recent years, it is critical for resource‐constrained devices to guard against potential risks. The traditional host‐based security solution becomes puffy and inapplicable with the development of malware attacks. Moreover, it is hard for the cloud‐based security solution to achieve both the high performance detection and the data privacy protection simultaneously. This paper proposes a cloud‐based anti‐malware system, called CloudEyes, which provides efficient and trusted security services for resource‐constrained devices. For the cloud server, CloudEyes presents suspicious bucket cross‐filtering, a novel signature detection mechanism based on the reversible sketch structure, which provides retrospective and accurate orientations of malicious signature fragments. For the client, CloudEyes implements a lightweight scanning agent which utilizes the digest of signature fragments to dramatically reduce the range of accurate matching. Furthermore, by transmitting sketch coordinates and the modular hashing, CloudEyes guarantees both the data privacy and low‐cost communications. Finally, we evaluate the performance of CloudEyes by utilizing both the campus suspicious traffic and normal files. The results demonstrate that the mechanisms in CloudEyes are effective and practical, and our system can outperform other existing systems with less time and communication consumption. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Asymmetric Aldol Reaction with Formaldehyde: a Challenging Process
Authors: Meninno Sara , Lattanzi Alessandra 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe asymmetric aldol reaction with formaldehyde is a fundamental carbon‐carbon bond‐forming reaction in organic synthesis, as well as in the quest of the origin of life, as it is thought to have been the first “molecular brick” involved in the synthetic path to complex sugars. Products of aldol reactions, i.e., the β‐hydroxy carbonyl compounds, are versatile building blocks used to access a great variety of functionalised molecules. The employment of formaldehyde, as a C1 symmetric electrophile, in aldol reactions can be likely considered the most challenging, yet simplest, process to introduce a hydroxymethyl group in an asymmetric fashion. In this account, an overview of the progress achieved in the asymmetric metal‐ and organocatalysed aldol reaction, using readily available formalin or paraformaldehyde sources, is illustrated. Our recent contribution to this area, with the application of asymmetric hydroxymethylation in cascade processes for the synthesis of γ‐butyrolactones, is also shown.
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The central nervous system of ascidian larvae
Authors: Hudson Clare 
Published: June 2016

Ascidians are marine invertebrate chordates. Their tadpole larvae contain a dorsal tubular nervous system, resulting from the rolling up of a neural plate. Along the anterior–posterior (A‐P) axis, the central nervous system (CNS) is organized into a sensory vesicle, neck, trunk ganglion, and tail nerve cord and consists of approximately only 330 cells, of which around 100 are thought to be neurons. The organization of distinct neuronal cell types and neurotransmitter gene expression within the CNS has been described. The unique developmental mode of ascidians, with a small number of cells and a fixed cell division pattern, allows individual cells to be traced throughout development. This feature has led to the complete documentation of the cell lineages of certain cell types in the CNS. Thus, a step‐by‐step understanding of nervous system development from the initial stages of neural induction to the neurogenesis of individual neurons is a feasible goal. The genetic control of neural fate induction and early neural plate patterning are now well understood. The molecular mechanisms specifying the cholinergic neurons of the trunk ganglion as well as the pigment cells of the sensory organs are also well elucidated. In addition, studies have begun on the morphogenetic processes of neurulation. Remaining challenges include building an embryonic atlas integrating gene expression patterns, cell lineage, and neuronal cell types as well as developing the gene regulatory networks of cell fate specification and integrating them with the genetic control of morphogenesis. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:538–561. doi: 10.1002/wdev.239This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Gene Networks and Genomics
Signaling Pathways > Cell Fate Signaling
Early Embryonic Development > Development to the Basic Body Plan
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and acute renal failure in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Jain Punit , Kanagal-Shamanna Rashmi , Wierda William , Ferrajoli Alessandra , Keating Michael , Jain Nitin 
Published: June 2016

Objective/background:
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN) is a common extramedullary renal presentation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and can present with either a frank renal failure or proteinuria. One of its etiologies has been attributed to a paraneoplastic, immune complex phenomenon occurring in CLL. Although there is no standard of care in such patients, use of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies like rituximab have been used before in such patients with variable responses. Obinutuzumab is a novel, type II, immunoglobulin-G1 monoclonal antibody with a higher efficacy than rituximab and has an established safely profile in patients with comorbidities and poor renal functions. There are no such reported cases of MPGN in CLL being treated with obinutuzumab.

Methods:
We used the standard doses of obinutuzumab in our elderly patient (78-year-old woman) with high-risk CLL due to an underlying TP53 mutation, along with a MPGN-related acute renal failure.

Results:
The patient achieved complete remission after six cycles of obinutuzumab; however, she remained positive for minimal residual disease on flow cytometry. Her renal function improved completely, suggesting a complete response of her underlying MPGN.

Conclusion:
Obinutuzumab has an established safety profile in patients with CLL, but our case is the first reported case of a paraneoplastic, immune complex-mediated MPGN in CLL being treated with obinutuzumab. Obinutuzumab should be explored as a potential option in patients with CLL and MPGN.
How do we compare with best practice? A completed audit of benzodiazepine and z-hypnotic prescribing
Authors: Rowntree R. , Sweeney J. , Crumlish N. , Flynn G. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectivesTo compare benzodiazepine and z-hypnotic prescribing practices in an inpatient psychiatric unit to best practice standards.MethodsMedication charts of all inpatients in the psychiatric unit, over a 1-week period, were reviewed. Details of current benzodiazepine and z-hypnotic prescriptions were collected. Information collected included the substance prescribed, duration and administration instructions. Feedback was communicated to medical practitioners through a presentation and email. A re-audit was completed 4 months later.ResultsThere were increases in total benzodiazepine and z-hypnotic prescribing despite intervention. A reduction of 2 mg occurred in the mean regular dose of benzodiazepine prescribed. Lorazepam was the most prescribed benzodiazepine throughout. In both data sets, at least 50% of regular z-hypnotics and benzodiazepines were initiated before admission. There was an increase of 14% in regular benzodiazepines initiated in hospital exceeding 4 weeks in duration. In neither data collection did regular z-hypnotics initiated in hospital exceed this cut off. A greater number of individuals were in the process of being withdrawn from regular benzodiazepine or z-hypnotic prescriptions in the re-audit. There were minimal improvements in ‘as required’ prescribing as regards documentation of an indication, time limit and maximum dose.ConclusionThe increase in overall prescribing, despite intervention, maybe because these medications continued to be indicated in the acute presentations needing inpatient treatment. The small improvements in ‘as required’ prescribing patterns suggest that the intervention was limited in effecting change in this area.
Hydromagnetic Stability of a Thin Viscoelastic Magnetic Fluid on Coating Flow Using Landau Equation
Authors: Chen C.-K. , Lin M.-C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper investigates the weakly nonlinear stability of a thin axisymmetric viscoelastic fluid with hydromagnetic effects on coating flow. The governing equation is resolved using long-wave perturbation method as part of an initial value problem for spatial periodic surface waves with the Walter's liquid B type fluid. The most unstable linear mode of a film flow is determined by Ginzburg-Landau equation (GLE). The coefficients of the GLE are calculated numerically from the solution of the corresponding stability problem on coating flow. The effect of a viscoelastic fluid under an applied magnetic field on the nonlinear stability mechanism is studied in terms of the rotation number, Ro, viscoelastic parameter, k, and the Hartmann constant, m. Modeling results indicate that the Ro, k and m parameters strongly affect the film flow. Enhancing the magnetic effects is found to stabilize the film flow when the viscoelastic parameter destabilizes the one in a thin viscoelastic fluid.