bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prehospital Management of Acute Stroke in Rural versus Urban Responders
Authors: Hansen Gregory , Bal Simerpreet , Schellenberg Kerri Lynn , Alcock Susan , Ghrooda Esseddeeg 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective: Stroke guideline compliance of rural Canadian prehospital emergency medical services (EMS) care in acute stroke is unknown. In this quality assurance study, we sought to compare rural and urban care by prehospital EMS evaluation/management indicators from patients assessed at an urban Canadian stroke center.Materials and Methods: One hundred adult patients were randomly selected from the stroke registry. Patients were transported through Rural EMS bypass protocols or urban EMS protocols (both bypass and direct) to our stroke center between January and December 2013. Patients were excluded if they were first evaluated at any other health center. Prehospital care was assessed using ten indicators for EMS evaluation/management, as recommended by acute stroke guidelines. Results: Compliance with acute stroke EMS evaluation/management indicators were statistically similar for both groups, except administrating a prehospital diagnostic tool (rural 31.8 vs. urban 70.3%; P = 0.002). Unlike urban EMS, rural EMS did not routinely document scene time. Conclusion: Rural EMS responders' compliance to prehospital stroke evaluation/management was similar to urban EMS responders. Growth areas for both groups may be with prehospital stroke diagnostic tool utilization, whereas rural EMS responders may also improve with scene time documentation.
Headache Patterns in Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis
Authors: Botta Ragasudha , Donirpathi Sheshagiri , Yadav Ravi , Kulkarni Girish B. , Kumar M. Veerendra , Nagaraja Dindigur 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics, patterns, and factors associated with headache in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVT). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we recruited conscious CVT patients who were able to give reliable history after consent. Institutional ethics approval was obtained. The diagnosis of CVT was based on the clinical and imaging parameters. Data regarding headache characteristic, severity (visual analog scale [VAS]), imaging findings and outcome was recorded. Results: Forty-seven patients (19 males and 28 females) with mean age 29.7 ± 8.7 years were recruited. The mean duration of headache was 12.6 ± 26.8 days, and VAS was 79.38 ± 13.41. Headache onset was acute in 51.1%, subacute in 42.6%, thunderclap in 4.3%, and chronic in 2.1%; location was holocranial in 36.2%, frontal in 27.7% patients; description was throbbing in 44.7% and aching in 25.5% patients. Superior sagittal sinus and transverse sinus were involved in 63.8% cases each. The prothrombotic factors were anemia in 55.3%, puerperal in 38.3%, hyperhomocysteinemia in 29.8%, and polycythemia in 19.1%. Conclusion: Holocranial and bifrontal headache of increasing severity may be a marker of CVT. This may be useful in clinical judgment in identifying conscious patients with CVT.
Maintainence Treatment of Opioid Dependence with Tramadol
Authors: Sarkar Siddharth , Varshney Mohit , Patil Vaibhav , Lal Rakesh 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: Although tramadol has been used in the management of acute withdrawal in patients with opioid dependence, its use for maintenance treatment as a harm reduction approach has not been assessed systematically. This case series describes patients with opioid dependence who were treated with tramadol for long-term maintenance. Methods: Patients with opioid dependence who received treatment at the National Drug Dependence Treatment Centre of All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, were included in the study. Patients who received at least 6 months of tramadol and had follow-up adherence of more than 80% were included in the case series. Results: A total of 25 cases were included, all of whom were males. The types of opioids being taken at the time of initiation of tramadol were natural opiates (poppy husk and raw opium), followed by heroin. The median dose of tramadol at initiation and maintenance was 300 mg/day. Nineteen patients were able to achieve complete abstinence to other opiates on tramadol. Conclusion: Tramadol may be an effective option in the long-term management of patients with opioid dependence. Further studies are required for establishing the efficacy of tramadol for agonist management of patients with opioid dependence.
Catatonia in Patients with Dementia Admitted to a Geriatric Psychiatry Ward
Authors: Sharma Puja , Sawhney Ina , Jaimes-Albornoz Walter , Serra-Mestres Jordi 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTTo determine the frequency and characteristics of catatonia in persons with dementia, all patients admitted to an old age psychiatry ward were screened for catatonia with the Bush-Francis Catatonia Screening Instrument (BFCSI) over a period of 6 months. Thirty-seven patients were admitted, and there were 14 patients with dementia. The rate of catatonia in these patients was 42.8% (6 out of 14). Five out of six of these patients received treatment for catatonia with lorazepam, all achieving complete remission. Catatonia occurred frequently in patients admitted with dementia.
Analysis of water leached from soil treated with leachate from plant biomass ash
Authors: Skoronski Everton , Fernandes Mylena , Machado Diego Bitencourt , Souza Diego Hoefling , Rodrigues Aline , Alves Maurício Vicente 
Published: August 2017

This work analyzed water leached from soil treated with leachate from plant biomass ash. The ash was generated by industrial boilers used in the pulp and paper industry. Experiments were carried out in columns filled with soil, and the ash was then added to the soil to simulate field conditions. The ash was applied at 30 and 60 tons per hectare rate. The simulated rainwater was prepared for three scenarios: pH 3.0, 6.5 and 8.0. Each leaching experiment simulated an annual precipitation of 2,045 mm. The results showed that the parameter that demands more attention is aluminum concentration. In this context, in acidic conditions (pH 3.0) and with a significant amount of ash added (60 tons per hectare), the level of aluminum may reach the maximum level for drinking water. Despite the potential impact of aluminum, the use of ash from plant biomass in soil for agricultural purposes may serve as an alternative strategy for disposal of this waste.
Optimization of the Double Loop Electrochemical Potentiokinetic Reactivation Method for Detecting Sensitization of Nickel Alloy 690
Authors: Gonzalez Magalí E. , Kappes Mariano A. , Rodríguez Martín A. , Bozzano Patricia , Carranza Ricardo M. , Rebak Raul B. 
Published: August 2017

Nickel alloy 690 (UNS N06690) is one of the current choices for nuclear power plant steam generator tubing. The severity of certain stress corrosion cracking submodes in Ni-Cr-Fe alloys, such as Alloy 690, may be a function of the alloy sensitization condition. Sensitization results from chromium carbide precipitation at or near grain boundaries when the alloy is exposed to temperatures from 500°C to 800°C, which causes local chromium depletion in the adjacent matrix. The objective of this work was to study the parameters that control the double loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) method and to develop an optimized test routine for Alloy 690. Alloy 690 specimens were tested under different thermal treatments, tailored to obtain a variety of concentrations of chromium in solid solution near the grain boundary (GB) region. The DL-EPR method was applied to Alloy 690 in solutions with different concentrations of sulfuric acid and potassium thiocyanate, at 30°C and 50°C. The optimal condition for detecting sensitization of Alloy 690 was 0.5 M H2SO4 + 0.001 M KSCN, at 30°C. Optical micrographs confirmed an intergranular type of attack under thermally aged (sensitized) conditions. The ratio of the reactivation to the activation peak intensities (Ir/Ia) obtained in the DL-EPR test agreed well with mass loss obtained in boiling nitric acid solution with Cr(VI) additions (modified Huey test). Chromium depletion profiles near the GB of thermally treated specimens under different conditions were measured with the energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy technique, performed on a transmission electron microscope. A model available in the literature was fitted to those results. The Ir/Ia ratio for Alloy 690, obtained when using the optimal DL-EPR testing conditions, correlated well with the Cr depletion zone width and depth near the GB.
Chemical composition and droplet size distribution of cloud at the summit of Mount Tai, China
Authors: Li Jiarong , Wang Xinfeng , Chen Jianmin , Zhu Chao , Li Weijun , Li Chengbao , Liu Lu , Xu Caihong , Wen Liang , Xue Likun , Wang Wenxing , Ding Aijun , Herrmann Hartmut 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The chemical composition of 39 cloud samples and droplet size distributions in 24 cloud events were investigated at the summit of Mt. Tai from July to October 2014. Inorganic ions, organic acids, metals, HCHO, H2O2, sulfur(IV), organic carbon, and elemental carbon as well as pH and electrical conductivity were analyzed. The acidity of the cloud water significantly decreased from a reported value of pH 3.86 during 2007–2008 (Guo et al., 2012) to pH 5.87 in the present study. The concentrations of nitrate and ammonium were both increased since 2007–2008, but the overcompensation of ammonium led to an increase in the mean pH value. The microphysical properties showed that cloud droplets were smaller than 26.0 µm and most were in the range of 6.0–9.0 µm at Mt. Tai. The maximum droplet number concentration (Nd) was associated with a droplet size of 7.0 µm. High liquid water content (LWC) values could facilitate the formation of larger cloud droplets and broadened the droplet size distribution. Cloud droplets exhibited a strong interaction with atmospheric aerosols. Higher PM2. 5 levels resulted in higher concentrations of water-soluble ions and smaller sizes with increased numbers of cloud droplets. The lower pH values were likely to occur at higher PM2. 5 concentrations. Clouds were an important sink for soluble materials in the atmosphere. The dilution effect of cloud water should be considered when estimating concentrations of soluble components in the cloud phase.
Sensitivity of the tropical stratospheric ozone response to the solar rotational cycle in observations and chemistry–climate model simulations
Authors: Thiéblemont Rémi , Marchand Marion , Bekki Slimane , Bossay Sébastien , Lefèvre Franck , Meftah Mustapha , Hauchecorne Alain 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. The tropical stratospheric ozone response to solar UV variations associated with the rotational cycle (∼ 27 days) is analyzed using MLS satellite observations and numerical simulations from the LMDz-Reprobus chemistry–climate model. The model is used in two configurations, as a chemistry-transport model (CTM) where dynamics are nudged toward ERA-Interim reanalysis and as a chemistry–climate model (free-running) (CCM). An ensemble of five 17-year simulations (1991–2007) is performed with the CCM. All simulations are forced by reconstructed time-varying solar spectral irradiance from the Naval Research Laboratory Solar Spectral Irradiance model. We first examine the ozone response to the solar rotational cycle during two 3-year periods which correspond to the declining phases of solar cycle 22 (October 1991–September 1994) and solar cycle 23 (September 2004–August 2007), when the satellite ozone observations of the two Microwave Limb Sounders (UARS MLS and Aura MLS) are available. In the observations, during the first period, ozone and UV flux are found to be correlated between about 10 and 1 hPa with a maximum of 0.29 at ∼ 5 hPa; the ozone sensitivity (% change in ozone for 1 % change in UV) peaks at ∼ 0.4. Correlation during the second period is weaker and has a peak ozone sensitivity of only 0.2, possibly due to the fact that the solar forcing is weaker during that period. The CTM simulation reproduces most of these observed features, including the differences between the two periods. The CCM ensemble mean results comparatively show much smaller differences between the two periods, suggesting that the amplitude of the rotational ozone signal estimated from MLS observations or the CTM simulation is strongly influenced by other (non-solar) sources of variability, notably dynamics. The analysis of the ensemble of CCM simulations shows that the estimation of the ensemble mean ozone sensitivity does not vary significantly either with the amplitude of the solar rotational fluctuations or with the size of the time window used for the ozone sensitivity retrieval. In contrast, the uncertainty of the ozone sensitivity estimate significantly increases during periods of decreasing amplitude of solar rotational fluctuations (also coinciding with minimum phases of the solar cycle), and for decreasing size of the time window analysis. We found that a minimum of 3- and 10-year time window is needed for the 1σ uncertainty to drop below 50 and 20 %, respectively. These uncertainty sources may explain some of the discrepancies found in previous estimates of the ozone response to the solar rotational cycle.
Proměny práce školních psychologů v proinkluzivně naladěných školách
Authors: Lazarová Bohumíra , Hloušková Lenka , Pol Milan , Trnková Kateřina 
Published: August 2017

Jednou z možností, jak lze podporovat školy v jejich směřování k inkluzivnímu vzdělávání, je posilování odborného potenciálu škol skrze ustavování nových, poradensky orientovaných funkcí pedagogických pracovníků či dalších specialistů. Mezi tyto specialisty bezesporu patří i školní psychologové a naším záměrem v tomto textu je přiblížit, jak inkluzivní směřování škol proměňuje náhled školních psychologů na svou práci. Na základě empirických dat (vícečetná případová studie) ze dvou základních proinkluzivních škol popíšeme, jak školní psychologové reflektují svou práci, jak vnímají (staro)nová očekávání učitelů i vedení svých škol a jak nahlížejí vlastní roli v podpoře školy při zvládání zvyšující se diverzity žáků.
Morální distres školních psychologů
Authors: Mareš Jiří 
Published: August 2017

Přehledová studie shrnuje současné domácí i zahraniční poznatky o tom, co prožívá školní psycholog ve vztahové síti školy a jak reaguje na situace, kdy je vystaven sociálním tlakům ze strany vedení školy nebo učitelského sboru či nadřízených školských orgánů. Na psychologa bývá občas vyvíjen nátlak, aby ve „vyšším zájmu“ souhlasil s rozhodnutími, která se týkají žáků, kolegů, rodičů i školy, i když takové rozhodnutí není z etického hlediska v pořádku. Přehledová studie věnovaná tomuto tématu má pět částí. První část prezentuje názory odborníků a výsledky dílčích výzkumných sond o etických problémech, s nimiž se setkávají školní psychologové v České republice. Druhá část prezentuje výsledky výzkumů těch etických problémů a etických dilemat, s nimiž se potýkají školní psychologové v USA, Kanadě a ve vybraných evropských zemích. Ve třetí části je charakterizován důležitý pojem této studie – morální distres. Čtvrtá část studie popisuje kvalitativní, kvantitativní a smíšené diagnostické přístupy ke zkoumání eticky náročných situací, i zvláštnosti školních psychologů, kteří se v těchto situacích musí rozhodovat. Pátá část shrnuje doporučení o tom, jak morálnímu distresu u školních psychologů předcházet, a pokud už se distres vyskytne, jak v takových případech cíleně intervenovat, aby se jeho negativní dopady snížily.
Políticas públicas e a ascensão de uma nova classe média como instrumento de reprodução do capitalismo (uma visão crítica)
Authors: Gomes Eduardo Biacchi , Jaboniski André Leonardo 
Published: August 2017

Presente o debate sobre a ascensão social da “ralé” estrutural ao estrato dos batalhadores brasileiros. Tais mudanças sociais são decorrentes de políticas públicas redistributivas adotadas pelo governo nos últimos anos e que não condizem com uma visão economicista de ascensão de uma nova classe média. Pelas recentes alterações das condições de vida de uma parcela da sociedade brasileira, com a sua inclusão no mercado de bens de consumo; indaga-se se estaríamos diante de uma nova classe média ou diante de mais uma reconstrução do capitalismo e seu discurso sedutor para induzir os batalhadores brasileiros a se submeterem às novas condições de trabalho ? Entenda-se referidas condições de trabalho como: flexibilizadas precarizadas bem como, de indução ao fetichismo de consumo enquanto formador de um espírito artificial de felicidade e sequestrador da subjetividade destes indivíduos.Assim, importante se torna a discussão acerca das condições de vida deste novo grupo social, bem como dos aspectos que a diferenciam da classe social e sua consciência de classe, dentro do contexto laboral.
Analysis of the process and observation error in recruitment estimates for the pacific sardine, Sardinops sagax caeruleus (Girard), off the southwest coast of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Morales-Bojórquez E 
Published: August 2017

This paper analyzed the dynamics of the stock-recruitment relationship for the Pacific sardine Sardinops sagax caeruleus (Girard) off the southwest coast of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico, from 1981 to 1993. A maximum likelihood estimator was used to estimate the parameters of the model assuming two hypotheses: (a) process error in the model and (b) observation error in the data. The results showed that the hypothesis of the process error was accepted. The parameter values and confidence intervals (CI) were as follows: α = 2.7 (CI = 2.0–3.6, P < 0.05) and ß = 0.04 (CI = 0.03–0.05, P < 0.05), with σ = 0.58; the maximum value of the objective function L(REst\α, ß) = 1.16 x 10–5. In this paper, environmental variability is not interpreted as random variability (noise); the model was used to demonstrate and quantify effects of a statistical hypothesis on the possible stock-recruitment relationship, based on the error structure of the model and the stochastic effect on the parameters.
Real Life in China at the Height of the Empire: Revealed by the Ghosts of Ji Xiaolan. Translated by DavId E. Pollard
Authors: Inglis Alister 
Published: August 2017

Real Life in China at the Height of the Empire: Revealed by the Ghosts of Ji Xiaolan. Translated by
DavId E. Pollard. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 2014. Pp. xl + 334. $45 (cloth).
A distance transform for continuous parameterization of discrete geologic facies for subsurface flow model calibration
Authors: Hakim‐Elahi Siavash , Jafarpour Behnam 
Published: August 2017

AbstractConstruction of predictive subsurface flow models involves subjective interpretation and interpolation of spatially limited data, often using imperfect modeling assumptions. Hence, the process can introduce significant uncertainty and bias in predicting the flow and transport behavior of these systems. In particular, the uncertainty in the facies distribution in complex geologic environments, such as alluvial/fluvial channels, can be consequential for forecasting the dynamic response of these systems to perturbations due to pumping and development activities. Conventional model calibration techniques that are designed to update continuous model parameters cannot be used to estimate discrete parameters from flow and pressure data. We present a distance transform approach for converting discrete facies models to continuous parameters that can be updated using continuous model calibration methods. Distance transforms are widely used in discrete image processing, where the discrete values in each pixel are replaced with their distance (i.e., a continuous variable) to the nearest boundary cell. After updating the continuous distance maps during model calibration, a back transformation is applied to retrieve the updated facies maps. To preserve large‐scale facies connectivity, truncated singular value decomposition (SVD) parametrization may be used to represent the distance maps with low‐rank parameters. A variant of the ensemble smoother, ES‐MDA is used to update the continuous parameters of the inversion (either distance maps or their SVD coefficients if used). The distance transform method addresses an important problem in facies model calibration where model updating can result in losing facies connectivity and discreteness.
Longwave emission trends over Africa and implications for Atlantic hurricanes
Authors: Zhang Lei , Rechtman Thomas , Karnauskas Kristopher B. , Li Laifang , Donnelly Jeffrey P. , Kossin James P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe latitudinal gradient of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) over Africa is a skillful and physically based predictor of seasonal Atlantic hurricane activity. The African OLR gradient is observed to have strengthened during the satellite era, as predicted by state‐of‐the‐art global climate models (GCMs) in response to greenhouse gas forcing. Prior to the satellite era and the U.S. and European clean air acts, the African OLR gradient weakened due to aerosol forcing of the opposite sign. GCMs predict a continuation of the increasing OLR gradient in response to greenhouse gas forcing. Assuming a steady linear relationship between African easterly waves and tropical cyclogenesis, this result suggests a future increase in Atlantic tropical cyclone frequency by 10% (20%) at the end of the 21st century under the RCP 4.5 (8.5) forcing scenario.
Accumulation in coastal West Antarctic ice core records and the role of cyclone activity
Authors: Hosking J. Scott , Fogt Ryan , Thomas Elizabeth R. , Moosavi Vahid , Phillips Tony , Coggins Jack , Reusch David 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCyclones are an important component of Antarctic climate variability, yet quantifying their impact on the polar environment is challenging. We assess how cyclones which pass through the Bellingshausen Sea affect accumulation over Ellsworth Land, West Antarctica, where we have two ice core records. We use self‐organizing maps (SOMs), an unsupervised machine learning technique, to group cyclones into nine SOM nodes differing by their trajectories (1980–2015). The annual frequency of cyclones associated with the first SOM node (SOM1, which generally originate from lower latitudes over the South Pacific Ocean) is significantly (p < 0.001) correlated with annual accumulation, with the highest seasonal correlations (p < 0.001) found during autumn. While significant (p < 0.01) increases in vertically integrated water vapor over the South Pacific Ocean coincide with this same group of cyclones, we find no indication that this has led to an increase in moisture advection into, nor accumulation over, Ellsworth Land over this short time period.
Mechanics of the energy balance in large lowland rivers, and why the bed matters
Authors: Bray Erin N. , Dozier Jeff , Dunne Thomas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlong many rivers, dams trap sediment and water released from the dams is clear. Downstream of the dam, temperature variability along the river is controlled by climate that warms or cools the water, the flow magnitude, and the spectral properties of water and the river's bed. Using field observations, a synoptic numerical model without calibration couples a full‐spectrum radiation balance with turbulent heat fluxes, bed conduction, and a hydraulic model that estimates depth and velocity. We show that variations in the river's temperature are sensitive to the albedo of the sediment on the bed, especially at shallow depths and smaller discharges. However, about half the solar radiation lies in a spectral range where water is highly absorptive; in these wavelengths, absorption is independent of depth. In spring and summer with many hours of sunlight, releases of cold water will have limited influence on temperatures beyond tens of kilometers downstream of a dam.