bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A flexible approach to defining weather patterns and their application in weather forecasting over Europe
Authors: Neal Robert , Fereday David , Crocker Ric , Comer Ruth E. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTA method is presented for deriving weather patterns objectively over an area of interest, in this case the UK and surrounding European area. A set of 30 and eight patterns are derived through k‐means clustering of daily mean sea level pressure (MSLP) data (1850–2003). These patterns have been designed for the purpose of post‐processing forecast output from ensemble prediction systems and understanding how forecast models perform under different circulation types. The 30 weather patterns are designed for use in the medium‐range and the eight weather patterns are designed for use in the monthly and seasonal timescales, or when there is low forecast confidence in the medium‐range. Weather patterns are numbered according to their annual historic occurrences, with lower numbered patterns occurring most often. Lower numbered patterns occur more in summer (with weak MSLP anomalies) and higher numbered patterns occur more in winter (with strong MSLP anomalies). Weather patterns have been applied in a weather forecasting context, whereby ensemble members are assigned to the closest matching pattern definition. This provides a probabilistic insight into which patterns are most likely within the forecast range and summarises key aspects from the large volumes of data which ensembles provide. Verification of European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts medium‐range ensemble forecasts for the set of eight weather patterns shows small forecast biases annually with some large variations seasonally. The most prominent seasonal variation shows the westerly (NAO+) pattern to over‐forecast in summer and under‐forecast in winter. Forecast skill was found to be better in winter than summer for most patterns.
Experimental implementation of array‐compressed parallel transmission at 7 tesla
Authors: Yan Xinqiang , Cao Zhipeng , Grissom William A. 
Published: April 2016

PurposeTo implement and validate a hardware‐based array‐compressed parallel transmission (acpTx) system.MethodsIn array‐compressed parallel transmission, a small number of transmit channels drive a larger number of transmit coils, which are connected via an array compression network that implements optimized coil‐to‐channel combinations. A two channel‐to‐eight coil array compression network was developed using power splitters, attenuators and phase shifters, and a simulation was performed to investigate the effects of coil coupling on power dissipation in a simplified network. An eight coil transmit array was constructed using induced current elimination decoupling, and the coil and network were validated in benchtop measurements,
mapping scans, and an accelerated spiral excitation experiment.ResultsThe developed attenuators came within 0.08 dB of the desired attenuations, and reflection coefficients were −22 dB or better. The simulation demonstrated that up to 3× more power was dissipated in the network when coils were poorly isolated (−9.6 dB), versus well‐isolated (−31 dB). Compared to split circularly‐polarized coil combinations, the additional degrees of freedom provided by the array compression network led to 54% lower squared excitation error in the spiral experiment.ConclusionArray‐compressed parallel transmission was successfully implemented in a hardware system. Further work is needed to develop remote network tuning and to minimize network power dissipation. Magn Reson Med 75:2545–2552, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Outcomes of different protocols of pelvic floor physical therapy and anti‐cholinergics in women with wet over‐active bladder: A 4‐year follow‐up
Authors: Azuri Joseph , Kafri Rachel , Ziv‐Baran Tomer , Stav Kobi 
Published: April 2016

AimsWe investigated the 4‐year outcomes of three protocols of pelvic floor physical therapy and anticholinergic drug in women with wet over‐active bladder (OAB).MethodsOne hundred and sixty‐four women were randomly allocated to one of four interventions: drug therapy (DT), bladder training (BT), pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT), or combined pelvic floor rehabilitation (CPFR) that includes BT, PFMT, and behavioral advice. The active treatment in each group lasted 3 months. Of the 132 women who completed a 1‐year follow‐up, 120 women (90%) responded to our questionnaires and therefore were included in this study. Outcome measures were the number of voids per day, number of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) episodes per week, completely dry rate and Incontinence Quality of Life questionnaire (I‐QOL) at 4 years.ResultsAfter 4 years of follow‐up, the outcome measures improved significantly and equally in all four groups. The median number of UUI episodes/week dropped by 3, 1, 2, and 2 in the DT, BT, PFMT, and CPFR groups, respectively (P = ns). The dry rates were 25%, 31%, 44%, 34% in the DT, BT, PFMT, and CPFR groups, respectively (P = ns). I‐QOL scores improved significantly in all four groups.ConclusionsWomen who suffer from wet‐OAB may experience the same degree of long‐term improvement following various pelvic floor physical therapy protocols as they would from drug therapy. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:755–758, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Is 40 cm H2O detrusor leak point pressure cut‐off reliable for upper urinary tract protection in children with myelodysplasia?
Authors: Tarcan Tufan , Sekerci Cagri Akin , Akbal Cem , Tinay Ilker , Tanidir Yiloren , Sahan Ahmet , Sahin Bahadir , Top Tuncay , Simsek Ferruh 
Published: April 2016

PurposeThe purpose of this study, is to find out the most accurate cut‐off level for the detrusor leak point pressure (DLPP) in terms of upper urinary tract (UUT) protection in a cohort of children with myelodysplasia.Materials and MethodsOne hundred and ninety‐three children with myelodysplasia were included in the study based on the availability of urological evaluation at age of 3 years. Children were assigned to one of two groups—those who had UUT damage at age 3 (group 1, n: 70) and those without UUT changes (group 2, n: 123), and compared.ResultsUrological follow‐up data revealed higher incidences of febrile urinary tract infections and secondary tethering of the spinal cord in group 1. No statistically significant difference was determined between group 1 and group 2 in terms of DLPP values (median 42.5 vs. 39.5 cm H2O, respectively, P = 0.087). Analysis of different cut‐off values showed that DLPP above 20 cm H2O had a higher sensitivity for UUT damage (91.4%). A normal UUT was found in 56.5% and 62.2% of children with DLPP between 20 and 40 cm H2O, and with DLPP over 40 cm H2O, respectively.ConclusionsPresent study showed that more than half of the children with myelodysplasia had normal UUT function even with a DLPP of 40 cm H2O and over. Thus, DLPP, is not the sole decision making parameter to rely for more invasive therapies in children with myelodysplasia. On the other hand, a DLPP cut‐off value of 20 cm H2O showed a higher sensitivity to predict UUT damage instead of 40 cm H2O. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:759–763, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mid‐ to long‐term results of the Remeex system for the treatment of female incontinence due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency: A retrospective analysis of the first 50 patients
Authors: Giberti Claudio , Gallo Fabrizio , Cortese Pierluigi , Visalli Francesco 
Published: April 2016

AimsTo retrospectively report our mid‐ to long‐term results following suburethral tension adjustable sling (Remeex system) implantation for stress urinary incontinence (SUI) due to intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD).MethodsFifty female patients with severe SUI due to ISD underwent Remeex system positioning between May 2002 and March 2013 (mean follow‐up 83.8 months, median follow‐up 85.4 months). Before surgery, patients were evaluated by physical examination, translabial ultrasonography, cystoscopy, urodynamics, 1 hr pad test and compilation of quality‐of‐life questionnaire. Postoperatively, based on the physical examination and pad test, patients were stratified into three groups: (i) Cured: perfectly dry patients at stress test, pad weight 0–1 g; (ii) Improved: patients with mild to moderate incontinence, pad weight 2–50 g; and (iii) Failed: unchanged or worsened patients, pad weight >50 g.ResultsAt 7‐years mean follow‐up, 45 (90.0%) patients were cured, three (6.0%) were improved, and two (4.0%) had failed. Concerning the mean total score of the quality‐of‐life questionnaire, it increased significantly up to 87.1 ± 5.9 with an improvement of 76.9%. Sling tension readjustment was needed in three patients (6%). The incontinence‐free survival curve showed that, after sling positioning and tension readjustments, all the cured patients remained continent during all the follow‐up. Complications were represented by bacterial cystitis (6%), de novo urgency (10%), persistent urinary retention (6%), and seroma formation (2%).ConclusionsOur 7‐year results showed the efficacy of the Remeex procedure in the treatment of SUI due to ISD. These outcomes tended to be confirmed in the mid‐ to long‐term follow‐up which would highlight the durability of this technique. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:770–773, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Algorithm to solve a chance‐constrained network capacity design problem with stochastic demands and finite support
Authors: Schumacher Kathryn M. , Li‐Yang Chen Richard , Cohn Amy E.M. , Castaing Jeremy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe consider the problem of determining the capacity to assign to each arc in a given network, subject to uncertainty in the supply and/or demand of each node. This design problem underlies many real‐world applications, such as the design of power transmission and telecommunications networks. We first consider the case where a set of supply/demand scenarios are provided, and we must determine the minimum‐cost set of arc capacities such that a feasible flow exists for each scenario. We briefly review existing theoretical approaches to solving this problem and explore implementation strategies to reduce run times. With this as a foundation, our primary focus is on a chance‐constrained version of the problem in which α% of the scenarios must be feasible under the chosen capacity, where α is a user‐defined parameter and the specific scenarios to be satisfied are not predetermined. We describe an algorithm which utilizes a separation routine for identifying violated cut‐sets which can solve the problem to optimality, and we present computational results. We also present a novel greedy algorithm, our primary contribution, which can be used to solve for a high quality heuristic solution. We present computational analysis to evaluate the performance of our proposed approaches. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 236–246, 2016
Decision‐making in the referral process of sonographers in primary care screening centers
Authors: Oosterhuis Jolande J. , Gillissen Ada , Snijder Claudia A. , Stiggelbout Anne , Haak Monique C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo explore the decision‐making process (whether or not to refer) of sonographers performing the 20 weeks standard anomaly scan (SAS) in the screening setting.MethodsA survey was sent to SAS‐sonographers; it assessed experience, training, volume, type of practice, perceived difficulty per organ system, feelings after missing anomalies and reasons for uncertainty and doubt concerning referral.ResultsThe response rate was 50%. Sonographers tend to seek reasons for uncertainty in patient factors and not in their skills or difficulty of the scan. Most mentioned reasons to refer in case of doubt were repeated visualization of a possible abnormality (98%). We hypothesize that the need of repeated imaging of an abnormality might partly explain why some fetal anomalies are still being missed. Sonographers with limited experience and low volume SAS more often revised, referred and asked colleagues for help than experienced sonographers with high volume SAS. In cases of a missed diagnosis, sonographers frequently blamed internal factors (personal failure 71%).ConclusionLevel of experience and volume of SAS influence revision and referral rates. Personal factors seem to play a role in the decision‐making process of screening sonographers. Future research should focus on these personal factors, to optimize screening ultrasound programs. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ALX4 related parietal foramina mimicking encephalocele in prenatal period
Authors: Saraç Sivrikoz Tugba , Altunoglu Umut , Kalelioglu İbrahim Halil , Yüksel Atıl , Uyguner Oya Zehra , Has Recep , Kayserili Hülya 
Published: April 2016

What's Already Known About This Topic?

PFM is an autosomal dominantly inherited genetic condition, caused by mutations in ALX4 and MSX2 genes.
Reports on prenatally diagnosed cases are rare, and encephalocele remains the most leading differential diagnosis.
What Does This Study Add?

The full clinical spectrum of autosomal dominant ALX4‐related PFM in affected family members can be demonstrated through identification of a prenatal case, by close collaboration of perinatologists and clinical geneticists, as in the four generation family reported herein.
Using full‐factorial design analysis and response surface methodology to better understand the production of cationized chitosan from epoxides
Authors: Senra Tonimar DA , Desbrières Jacques 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe production of cationized chitosan derivatives via reaction between chitosan and quaternary epoxides has the advantage of producing substances with a better regioselectivity and with structures that do not change as a function of pH, unlike N,N,N‐trimethylchitosan. Moreover, this reaction allows the production of cationized derivatives having different hydrophobic/hydrophilic balances because quaternary epoxides with different alkyl chains can be used in this reaction. The effects of reaction parameters, namely time, temperature and glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC)/chitosan (Ch) molar ratio, on the structural and hydrodynamic characteristics of N‐(2‐hydroxy)propyl‐3‐trimethylammoniumchitosan chloride (ChCat) and on reaction yield were evaluated using chemometrics and response surface methodology (RSM). Structural characterization and determination of intrinsic viscosity were realized using spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared and 1H NMR) and capillary viscometry, respectively. The polynomial functions and RSM developed from 23 full‐factorial analysis show the influence of the reaction parameters on the characteristics and properties of the ChCat produced, permitting the choice of appropriate reaction conditions to suit its desired application. Results show, as an example, that when the N‐substitution is carried out for 6 h at 50 °C employing excess of GTMAC (GTMAC/Ch = 4:1), water‐soluble moderately substituted ( = 33.0%) ChCat ([η] = 293.4 mL g−1) can be produced with moderate reaction yield (30.9%). Furthermore, as GTMAC is the simplest quaternary epoxide, the study of its reaction with chitosan serves as a template for more complex quaternary epoxides as they may be used for the production of new cationized chitosan derivatives possessing alkyl chains with various chain lengths. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Assessment of refinement of template‐based models in CASP11
Authors: Modi Vivek , Dunbrack Roland L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTCASP11 (the 11th Meeting on the Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction) ran a blind experiment in the refinement of protein structure predictions, the fourth such experiment since CASP8. As with the previous experiments, the predictors were provided with one starting structure from the server models of each of a selected set of template‐based modeling targets and asked to refine the coordinates of the starting structure toward native. We assessed the refined structures with the Z‐scores of the standard CASP measures, which compare the model‐target similarities of the models from all the predictors. Furthermore, we assessed the refined structures with “relative measures,” which compare the improvement in accuracy of each model with respect to the starting structure. The latter provides an assessment of the extent to which each predictor group is able to improve the starting structures toward native. We utilized heat maps to display improvements in the Calpha–Calpha distance matrix for each model. The heat maps labeled with each element of secondary structure helped us to identify regions of refinement toward native in each model. Most positively scoring models show modest improvements in multiple regions of the structure, while in some models we were able to identify significant repositioning of N/C‐terminal segments and internal elements of secondary structure. The best groups were able to improve more than 70% of the targets from the starting models, and by an average of 3–5% in the standard CASP measures. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):260–281. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Assessment of template‐based modeling of protein structure in CASP11
Authors: Modi Vivek , Xu Qifang , Adhikari Sam , Dunbrack Roland L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTWe present the assessment of predictions submitted in the template‐based modeling (TBM) category of CASP11 (Critical Assessment of Protein Structure Prediction). Model quality was judged on the basis of global and local measures of accuracy on all atoms including side chains. The top groups on 39 human‐server targets based on model 1 predictions were LEER, Zhang, LEE, MULTICOM, and Zhang‐Server. The top groups on 81 targets by server groups based on model 1 predictions were Zhang‐Server, nns, BAKER‐ROSETTASERVER, QUARK, and myprotein‐me. In CASP11, the best models for most targets were equal to or better than the best template available in the Protein Data Bank, even for targets with poor templates. The overall performance in CASP11 is similar to the performance of predictors in CASP10 with slightly better performance on the hardest targets. For most targets, assessment measures exhibited bimodal probability density distributions. Multi‐dimensional scaling of an RMSD matrix for each target typically revealed a single cluster with models similar to the target structure, with a mode in the GDT‐TS density between 40 and 90, and a wide distribution of models highly divergent from each other and from the experimental structure, with density mode at a GDT‐TS value of ∼20. The models in this peak in the density were either compact models with entirely the wrong fold, or highly non‐compact models. The results argue for a density‐driven approach in future CASP TBM assessments that accounts for the bimodal nature of these distributions instead of Z scores, which assume a unimodal, Gaussian distribution. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):200–220. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A Multicenter Pilot Study of Burden Among Caregivers of Geriatric Rehabilitation Patients With Neuromusculoskeletal Diseases
Authors: Borman Pinar , Gökçe-Kutsal Yeşim , Terzioğlu Füsun , Okumuş Muyesser , Ceceli Esma , Karahan Sevilay , Şenel Kazim , Gökkaya Kutay Ordu , Doğan Asuman , Eskiyurt Nurten , Günaydin Rezan , Eyigör Sibel , Şahin Nilay , Şahin Mehtap 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Purpose:
In this study, we aimed to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of caregivers of patients in a geriatric unit and to clarify the relationship between caregiver burden and specific clinical variables in the patients and the characteristics of the caregivers.

Design:
Cross-sectional multicenter study.

Methods:
One hundred twenty-three patients and 123 caregiver dyads, with mean ages of 72.5 ± 7.7 years and 51 ± 14.7 years, respectively, were included. The functional, psychological, and cognitive statuses of the patients were determined, and the sociodemographic characteristics of the caregivers as well as the type and duration of caregiving were recorded. Caregivers completed the Caregiver Burden Inventory (CBI) to measure the perceived burden of care. Most patients were female and generally lived with their family.

Findings:
Most of the caregivers were family members (90%), female (73.2%), primary school graduates (52.8%), and first-degree relatives (73.1%). The average CBI score was 33, and the highest CBI subscores were for time, developmental, and physical burdens. Caregiver burden correlated with the patient’s ambulatory, psychological, and cognitive status and with the caregiver’s age, gender, income level, and duration of caregiving.

Conclusions:
We have highlighted the relationship between caregiver and patient characteristics in a cohort of elderly Turkish patients with neurological and musculoskeletal disorders. In particular, we have highlighted the heavy caregiver burden in a developing country.

Clinical Relevance:
Our results may guide the nurses to understand the requirements of caregivers and to help them find suitable resources that would meet their needs to cope with their burden.
Zn0@ZnS Core‐Shell Nanoparticles via Oxidation of Intermediate Zn0 Nanoparticles
Authors: Schöttle Christian , Feldmann Claus 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZn0@ZnS core‐shell nanoparticles were prepared via reduction of ZnCl2 to Zn0 nanoparticles and subsequent partial oxidation with elemental sulfur. The intermediate, highly reactive Zn0 nanoparticles were obtained by sodium naphthalenide ([NaNaph]) reduction of ZnCl2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF). After centrifugation, the Zn0 nanoparticles were redispersed in a solution of sulfur in toluene and oxidized by subsequent heating to reflux. According to electron microscopy (HRTEM, HAADF‐STEM), the Zn0@ZnS core‐shell nanoparticles exhibit a mean outer diameter of 12 ± 4 nm, consisting of an inner Zn0 core (8 nm in diameter) and a ZnS shell (2 nm in diameter). HRTEM and XRD confirm the crystallinity of both core and shell. The Zn0@ZnS nanostructure shows synergistic properties of core and shell: the ZnS layer efficiently passivates the reactive Zn0 metal core against oxidation, whereas the optical properties point to dominating metallic behavior of the Zn0 metal core despite of the ZnS shell.
Palaeochannel Controlled Cretaceous Sandstone-type Uranium Deposit of Lostoin Area, Mahadek Basin, Meghalaya
Authors: Kumar Pramod , Panigrahi B. , Joshi G. B. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Sandstone–type uranium deposit hosted by reduced feldspathic sandstone sequence of lower part of Cretaceous Mahadek Formation occurs at Lostoin area of Mahadek basin and is confined within a prominent palaeochannel of NNE-SSW trend with flow towards SSW. The channel-fill comprises of about 10 m to 55 m grey to dark grey coloured, reduced, coarse to medium grained feldspathic sandstone along with abundant carbonaceous matter (5 to 15% by visual estimation) and is overlain by 5 m to 80 m of oxidized sub-feldspathic sandstone. Correlatable medium grade (∼ 0.1% U3O8) uranium mineralization is intercepted in the boreholes aligned along the palaeochannel. Uraniferous solutions generated from the fertile provenance of south Khasi batholith flow through the channel and precipitated uranium at suitable reduction traps. Gentle slope of 2° to 3° of the basement channel facilitated prolonged interaction of uraniferous solution with reductants causing ore grade concentration. It has been envisaged that the control of palaeochannel and palaeobasement topography of the ore body would continue towards the SSW beyond Wahblei river.