bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Abundance and Biogeography of Picoprasinophyte Ecotypes and Other Phytoplankton in the Eastern North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Simmons Melinda P. , Sudek Sebastian , Monier Adam , Limardo Alexander J. , Jimenez Valeria , Perle Christopher R. , Elrod Virginia A. , Pennington J. Timothy , Worden Alexandra Z. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

Eukaryotic algae within the picoplankton size class (≤2 μm in diameter) are important marine primary producers, but their spatial and ecological distributions are not well characterized. Here, we studied three picoeukaryotic prasinophyte genera and their cyanobacterial counterparts,
Prochlorococcus
and
Synechococcus
, during two cruises along a North Pacific transect characterized by different ecological regimes. Picoeukaryotes and
Synechococcus
reached maximum abundances of 1.44 × 10
5
and 3.37 × 10
5
cells · ml
−1
, respectively, in mesotrophic waters, while
Prochlorococcus
reached 1.95 × 10
5
cells · ml
−1
in the oligotrophic ocean. Of the picoeukaryotes,
Bathycoccus
was present at all stations in both cruises, reaching 21,368 ± 327 18S rRNA gene copies · ml
−1
.
Micromonas
and
Ostreococcus
clade OI were detected only in mesotrophic and coastal waters and
Ostreococcus
clade OII only in the oligotrophic ocean. To resolve proposed
Bathycoccus
ecotypes, we established genetic distances for 1,104 marker genes using targeted metagenomes and the
Bathycoccus prasinos
genome. The analysis was anchored in comparative genome analysis of three
Ostreococcus
species for which physiological and environmental data are available to facilitate data interpretation. We established that two
Bathycoccus
ecotypes exist, named here BI (represented by coastal isolate
Bathycoccus prasinos
) and BII. These share 82% ± 6% nucleotide identity across homologs, while the
Ostreococcus
spp. share 75% ± 8%. We developed and applied an analysis of ecomarkers to metatranscriptomes sequenced here and published -omics data from the same region. The results indicated that the
Bathycoccus
ecotypes cooccur more often than
Ostreococcus
clades OI and OII do. Exploratory analyses of relative transcript abundances suggest that
Bathycoccus
NRT2.1 and AMT2.2 are high-affinity NO
3
−
and low-affinity NH
4
+
transporters, respectively, with close homologs in multiple picoprasinophytes. Additionally, in the open ocean, where dissolved iron concentrations were low (0.08 nM), there appeared to be a shift to the use of nickel superoxide dismutases (SODs) from Mn/Fe/Cu SODs closer inshore. Our study documents the distribution of picophytoplankton along a North Pacific ecological gradient and offers new concepts and techniques for investigating their biogeography.
Quantification of Nonproteolytic Clostridium botulinum Spore Loads in Food Materials
Authors: Barker Gary C. , Malakar Pradeep K. , Plowman June , Peck Michael W. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

We have produced data and developed analysis to build representations for the concentration of spores of nonproteolytic
Clostridium botulinum
in materials that are used during the manufacture of minimally processed chilled foods in the United Kingdom. Food materials are categorized into homogenous groups which include meat, fish, shellfish, cereals, fresh plant material, dairy liquid, dairy nonliquid, mushroom and fungi, and dried herbs and spices. Models are constructed in a Bayesian framework and represent a combination of information from a literature survey of spore loads from positive-control experiments that establish a detection limit and from dedicated microbiological tests for real food materials. The detection of nonproteolytic
C. botulinum
employed an optimized protocol that combines selective enrichment culture with multiplex PCR, and the majority of tests on food materials were negative. Posterior beliefs about spore loads center on a concentration range of 1 to 10 spores kg
−1
. Posterior beliefs for larger spore loads were most significant for dried herbs and spices and were most sensitive to the detailed results from control experiments. Probability distributions for spore loads are represented in a convenient form that can be used for numerical analysis and risk assessments.
Evaluation of frequency of paediatric oral liquid medication dosing errors by caregivers: amoxicillin and josamycin
Authors: Berthe-Aucejo A , Girard D , Lorrot M , Bellettre X , Faye A , Mercier J C , Brion F , Bourdon O , Prot-Labarthe S 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveTo study reconstitution and preparation dosing errors of liquid oral medications given by caregivers to children.MethodsA prospective observational study was carried out in the departments of general paediatrics and emergency paediatrics at the Robert-Debré Children's University Hospital. An interview with caregivers involved (1) practical reconstitution and preparation of an oral liquid medication from a prescription drawn at random (amoxicillin (Clamoxyl, dosing spoon) or josamycin (Josacine, dose-weight pipette)) and (2) a questionnaire about their use.ResultsOne hundred caregivers were included. Clamoxyl and Josacine were incorrectly reconstituted in 46% (23/50) and 56% (28/50) of cases, respectively, with a risk of underdosing of Clamoxyl (16/23) and overdosing of Josacine (23/28). Dose preparation with the dosing spoon was incorrect in 56% of cases, and in 10% of cases with the dose-weight pipette. Female sex, native French speaker, and age were significantly associated with correct reconstitution. Male sex and medication were significantly associated with correct preparation.ConclusionsThis study highlights the high incidence of errors made by caregivers in reconstituting and preparing doses of these liquid oral medicines, which are associated with considerable risks of over- and underdosing. Factors associated with these errors have been identified which could help health professionals to optimise their strategy for educating families about the use of liquid oral medications and the need to check that they understand these instructions.
The long-term outcomes of atypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome: a national surveillance study
Authors: Durkan Anne M , Kim Siah , Craig Jonathan , Elliott Elizabeth 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundAtypical haemolytic uraemic syndrome (aHUS) accounts for ∼10% of all cases of HUS and is often due to complement dysregulation. The short-term outcomes for this disease are established, but there are limited long-term data. The long-term outcomes of a comprehensive nationwide cohort of children with aHUS are presented here.MethodsThe Australian Paediatric Surveillance Unit prospectively collected data on all cases of HUS in children seen by paediatricians between 1994 and 2001. Patients with aHUS were followed-up with a written questionnaire to the treating clinician at 1 year and again before transition to adult services or at last known follow-up.ResultsThere were 146 reported cases of HUS, of which 14 were aHUS. Ten children required dialysis at first presentation, including two who died and three who did not recover renal function. The disease was relapsing in all but one who survived the presenting episode, with most relapses occurring in the first 12 months. At 1 year, one child was lost to follow-up. Nine of the remaining 11 patients were dialysis dependent. Thirteen kidneys were transplanted into eight children. There was disease recurrence in eight kidneys, which resulted in graft loss in seven. There were three further deaths 1.7, 6.7 and 16.1 years after the initial presentation. Five children developed neurological complications and two had cardiac complications, largely at the time of onset of the disease.ConclusionsaHUS is a rare but devastating disease with very high mortality and morbidity that extends beyond the initial presentation period.
Changes of individual perception in psychosocial stressors related to German reunification in 1989/1990 and cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases in a population-based study in East Germany
Authors: Bohley Stefanie , Kluttig Alexander , Werdan Karl , Nuding Sebastian , Greiser Karin Halina , Kuss Oliver , Markus Marcello Ricardo Paulista , Schmidt Carsten Oliver , Völzke Henry , Krabbe Christine , Haerting Johannes 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesAim was to examine the relationship between individually perceived changes in psychosocial stressors associated with German reunification and cardiovascular effects. We hypothesised that higher levels of psychosocial stress related to German reunification were associated with an increase in cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).DesignCross-sectional data from 2 cohort studies in East Germany were used: Cardiovascular Disease, Living and Ageing in Halle Study (CARLA), and Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP).Setting2 populations in East Germany.ParticipantsCARLA study: 1779 participants, aged 45–83 years at baseline (812 women), SHIP study: 4308 participants, aged 20–79 years at baseline (2193 women).Primary and secondary outcome measuresPsychosocial stressors related to reunification were operationalised by the Reunification Stress Index (RSI; scale from 0 to 10). This index was composed of questions that were related to individually perceived changes in psychosocial stressors (occupational, financial and personal) after reunification. To examine the associations between the RSI and each stressor separately with cardiovascular risk factors and CVD, regression models were used.ResultsRSI was associated with CVD in women (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.33). Cardiovascular risk factors were associated with RSI for both men and women, with strongest associations between RSI and diabetes in women (RR=1.10, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.20) and depressive disorders in men (RR=1.15, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.77). The change in occupational situation related to reunification was the major contributing psychosocial stressor. We observed a strong association with CVD in women who experienced occupational deterioration after reunification (RR=4.04, 95% CI 1.21 to 13.43).ConclusionsIndividually perceived deterioration of psychosocial stressors (occupational, financial and personal) related to German reunification was associated with cardiovascular risk factors and CVD. The associations were stronger for women than for men. An explanation for these findings could be that women were more often affected by unemployment after reunification. Morbidity and mortality follow-up of both cohorts could enhance the results.
Sleep among bereaved caregivers of patients admitted to hospice: a 1-year longitudinal pilot study
Authors: Lerdal Anners , Slåtten Kari , Saghaug Elisabeth , Grov Ellen Karine , Normann Are Peder , Lee Kathryn A , Bjorvatn Bjørn , Gay Caryl L 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThis pilot study aimed to describe the sleep of partners and other family caregivers prior to and in the first year after a hospice patient's death. The study also evaluated the feasibility of the study protocol and determined the effect sizes in preparation for a full-scale study.DesignThe pilot study used a longitudinal, descriptive and comparative design.Setting and participantsParticipants included primary family caregivers of patients admitted to a hospice in Oslo, Norway.Primary outcomeCaregiver sleep was measured subjectively with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and objectively using wrist actigraphy for 4 nights and 3 days at three different times: during the hospice stay, and at 6 and 12 months after the patient's death.Results16 family caregivers (10 partners and 6 other family members) completed the 1-year study protocol. Overall, sleep quality and quantity were stable over time and at each assessment, approximately half of the sample had poor sleep quality, both by self-report and objective measures. However, the sleep trajectories differed significantly over time, with older caregivers (≥65 years) having significantly longer sleep durations than younger caregivers (<65 years). Furthermore, sleep quality also differed over time depending on the caregiver's relationship to the patient, with partner caregivers having significantly worse sleep quality than other family caregivers.ConclusionsCaring for a dying family member is known to interfere with sleep, yet little is known about bereaved caregivers. The results of this pilot study demonstrate the feasibility of the longitudinal study protocol and indicate that sleep problems are common for caregivers and continue into the bereavement period, particularly for partner caregivers. The caregiver's relationship to the patient may be an important factor to consider in future studies.
Retrospective morphometric study of the suitability of renal arteries for renal denervation according to the Symplicity HTN2 trial criteria
Authors: Schönherr Elisabeth , Rehwald Rafael , Nasseri Parinaz , Luger Anna K , Grams Astrid E , Kerschbaum Julia , Rehder Peter , Petersen Johannes , Glodny Bernhard 
Published: January 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to describe the renal arteries of humans in vivo, as precisely as possible, and to formulate an expected value for the exclusion of renal denervation due to the anatomical situation based on the criteria of the Symplicity HTN trials.Design and settingIn a retrospective cohort study, the renal arteries of 126 patients (57 women, 69 men, mean age 60±17.2 years (CI 57.7 to 63.6)) were segmented semiautomatically from high-contrast CT angiographies.ResultsAmong the 300 renal arteries, there were three arteries with fibromuscular dysplasia and one with ostial renal artery stenosis. The first left renal artery was shorter than the right (34±11.4 mm (CI 32 to 36) vs 45.9±15 mm (CI 43.2 to 48.6); p<0.0001), but had a slightly larger diameter (5.2±1.4 mm (CI 4.9 to 5.4) vs 4.9±1.2 mm (CI 4.6 to 5.1); p>0.05). The first left renal arteries were 1.1±0.4 mm (CI 0.9 to 1.3), and the first right renal arteries were 0.3±0.6 mm (CI 0.1 to 0.5) thinner in women than in men (p<0.05). Ostial funnels were up to 14 mm long. The cross-sections were elliptical, more pronounced on the right side (p<0.05). In 23 cases (18.3%), the main artery was shorter than 2 cm; in 43 cases (34.1%), the diameter was not >4 mm. Some 46% of the patients, or 58.7% when variants and diseases were taken into consideration, were theoretically not suitable for denervation.ConclusionsBased on these precise measurements, the anatomical situation as a reason for ruling out denervation appears to be significantly more common than previously suspected. Since this can be the cause of the failure of treatment in some cases, further development of catheters or direct percutaneous approaches may improve success rates.
Factors related to prolonged on-scene time during ambulance transportation for critical emergency patients in a big city in Japan: a population-based observational study
Authors: Nagata Isao , Abe Toshikazu , Nakata Yoshinori , Tamiya Nanako 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesWe aimed to investigate the factors related to prolonged on-scene times, which were defined as being over 30 min, during ambulance transportation for critical emergency patients in the context of a large Japanese city.DesignA population-based observational study.SettingKawasaki City, Japan's eighth largest city.ParticipantsThe participants in this study were all critical patients (age ≥15 years) who were transported by ambulance between April 2010 and March 2013 (N=11 585).Outcome measuresOn-scene time during ambulance transportation for critical emergency patients.ResultsThe median on-scene time for all patients was 17 min (IQR 13–23). There was a strong correlation between on-scene time and the number of phone calls to hospitals from emergency medical service (EMS) personnel (p<0.001). In multivariable logistic regression, the number of phone calls to hospitals from EMS personnel, intoxication, minor disease and geographical area were associated with on-scene times over 30 min. Age, gender, day of the week and time of the day were not associated with on-scene times over 30 min.ConclusionsTo make on-scene time shorter, it is vital to redesign our emergency system and important to develop a system that accommodates critical patients with intoxication and minor disease, and furthermore to reduce the number of phone calls to hospitals from EMS personnel.
Diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of miR-21 in renal cell carcinoma: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Rasti Arezoo , Mehrazma Mitra , Madjd Zahra , Keshtkar Abbas Ali , Roudi Raheleh , Babashah Sadegh 
Published: January 2016

IntroductionRenal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common neoplasm in adult kidneys. One of the most important unmet medical needs in RCC is a prognostic biomarker to enable identification of patients at high risk of relapse after nephrectomy. New biomarkers can help improve diagnosis and hence the management of patients with renal cancer. Thus, this systematic review aims to clarify the prognostic and diagnostic accuracy of miR-21 in patients with RCC.Methods and analysisWe will include observational studies evaluating the diagnostic and prognostic roles of miR-21 in patients with renal cancer. The index test and reference standards should ideally be performed on all patients. We will search PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Science with no restriction of language. The outcome will be survival measures in adult patients with RCC. Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. QUADAS-1 will be used to assess study quality. Publication bias and data synthesis will be assessed by funnel plots and Begg's and Egger's tests using Stata software V.11.1.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical issues are predicted. These findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at national and international conferences.Trail registration numberThis systematic review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, registration number CRD42015025001.
Sickness absence and return to work among Japanese stroke survivors: a 365-day cohort study
Authors: Endo Motoki , Sairenchi Toshimi , Kojimahara Noriko , Haruyama Yasuo , Sato Yasuto , Kato Rika , Yamaguchi Naohito 
Published: January 2016

ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate the cumulative return to work (RTW) rate and to clarify the predictors of the time to full-time RTW (full RTW) and resignation among Japanese stroke survivors, within the 365-day period following their initial day of sickness absence due to stroke.SettingThis study was based on tertiary prevention of occupational health in large-scaled Japanese companies of various industries.ParticipantsThe participants in this study were 382 Japanese workers who experienced an episode of sickness leave due to clinically certified stroke diagnosed between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2011. Data were obtained from an occupational health register. Participants were followed up for 365 days after the start day of the first sickness absence. The cumulative RTW rates by Kaplan-Meier estimates and predictors for time to full RTW and resignation by Cox regression were calculated.ResultsA total of 382 employees had their first sickness absence due to stroke during the 12-year follow-up period. The cumulative full RTW rates at 60, 120, 180 and 365 days were 15.1%, 33.6%, 43.5% and 62.4%, respectively. Employees who took sick leave due to cerebral haemorrhage had a longer time to full RTW (HR, 0.50; 95% CI 0.36 to 0.69) than those with cerebral infarction. Older employees (over 50 years of age) demonstrated a shorter time to resignation than younger employees (HR, 3.30; 95% CI 1.17 to 9.33). Manual workers had a longer time to resignation than non-manual workers (HR, 0.24; 95% CI 0.07 to 0.78).ConclusionsCumulative RTW rates depended on the subtype of stroke, and older age was a predictor of resignation.
Data visualisation in surveillance for injury prevention and control: conceptual bases and case studies
Authors: Martinez Ramon , Ordunez Pedro , Soliz Patricia N , Ballesteros Michael F 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThe complexity of current injury-related health issues demands the usage of diverse and massive data sets for comprehensive analyses, and application of novel methods to communicate data effectively to the public health community, decision-makers and the public. Recent advances in information visualisation, availability of new visual analytic methods and tools, and progress on information technology provide an opportunity for shaping the next generation of injury surveillance.ObjectiveTo introduce data visualisation conceptual bases, and propose a visual analytic and visualisation platform in public health surveillance for injury prevention and control.MethodsThe paper introduces data visualisation conceptual bases, describes a visual analytic and visualisation platform, and presents two real-world case studies illustrating their application in public health surveillance for injury prevention and control.ResultsApplication of visual analytic and visualisation platform is presented as solution for improved access to heterogeneous data sources, enhance data exploration and analysis, communicate data effectively, and support decision-making.ConclusionsApplications of data visualisation concepts and visual analytic platform could play a key role to shape the next generation of injury surveillance. Visual analytic and visualisation platform could improve data use, the analytic capacity, and ability to effectively communicate findings and key messages. The public health surveillance community is encouraged to identify opportunities to develop and expand its use in injury prevention and control.
Novel immunohistochemical markers differentiate intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma from benign bile duct lesions
Authors: Bertram Stefanie , Padden Juliet , Kälsch Julia , Ahrens Maike , Pott Leona , Canbay Ali , Weber Frank , Fingas Christian , Hoffmann Andreas C , Vietor Antonie , Schlaak Joerg F , Eisenacher Martin , Reis Henning , Sitek Barbara , Baba Hideo A 
Published: January 2016

AimsThe distinction between intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) and benign bile duct lesions can be challenging. Using our previously identified potential biomarkers for ICC, we examined whether these are useful for the differential diagnosis of ICC, bile duct adenoma and reactive bile duct proliferations in an immunohistochemical approach and identified a diagnostic marker panel including known biomarkers.MethodsSubjects included samples from 77 patients with ICC, 33 patients with bile duct adenoma and 47 patients with ductular reactions in liver cirrhosis. Our previously identified biomarkers (stress-induced phosphoprotein 1 (STIP1), SerpinH1, 14-3-3Sigma) were tested immunohistochemically following comparison with candidates from the literature (cluster of differentiation 56, heat shock protein (HSP)27, HSP70, B-cell-lymphoma2, p53, ki67).ResultsThe expression of SerpinH1 and 14-3-3Sigma was significantly higher in ICC than in bile duct adenomas and ductular reactions (p<0.05), whereas STIP1 expression was significantly higher (p<0.05) in ICC than in ductular reactions, but the difference to the bile duct adenoma group was not significant. A panel of the biomarker SerpinH1, 14-3-3Sigma and ki67 (≥2 marker positive) showed a high diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity 87.8%, specificity 95.9%, accuracy 91.8%) in the differential diagnosis of ICC versus non-malignant bile duct lesions.ConclusionsThis suggests that 14-3-3Sigma and SerpinH1 may be useful in the differential diagnosis of malignant, benign and reactive bile duct lesions in addition to ki67 where a cut-off of >5% might be used for the distinction of malignant and non-malignant lesions.