bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Molecular Docking Study of Phytocompounds in Red Wine for the Management of Coronary Artery Disease and Diabetes
Authors: Jain Naman Vijaykumar , Tambekar Omkar Pravin , Bodhankar S. L. , Bansode Deepali Amol 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
In this study, we have investigated the binding affinity, ADME, and toxicity analysis of phytocompounds of red wine by performing molecular docking studies related to diabetes and cardioprotective activity. Our aim is to Identify the affinity of phytocompounds of red wine for the management of coronary artery disease and diabetes by performing docking.

METHODS:
Molecular docking and toxicity prediction were performed using AutoDock Vina, Pymol, Discovery studio, Autodock Tools, Chemdraw, Swiss ADME, and PROTOX-II tools.

RESULTS:
Docking investigations of phytocompounds in red wine with targeted proteins, such as 2ZJ3 and 5JMY, found that all selected phytocompounds had a high binding affinity and enhanced binding modes for selected target receptors, resulting in increased activity for diabetes and coronary artery disease. Gallotannin (hydrolysable tannin), the most major phytocompound found in red wine, has a high binding affinity for the 2ZJ3 protein, which is the isomerase domain of the human glucose: fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase receptor (−11.9 Kcal/mol). Theaflavin has a binding affinity for the 5JMY protein of −11.4 Kcal/mol (neprilysin receptor). The binding affinity of all phytocompounds is depicted.

CONCLUSION:
Red wine is an alcoholic beverage that contains polyphenols such as anthocyanins, flavanols, tannins, and nonflavonoid chemicals, phenolic acids, and resveratrol. These chemicals have an effect on the pharmacological qualities of red wine. Investigators are very interested in the phenolic metabolites derived from polyphenol, phenolic acids parent molecules, and this topic needs to be researched more; hence, we conclude that docking studies of phytocompounds in red wine with targeted proteins, such as 2ZJ3 and 5JMY, found that all selected phytocompounds had a high binding affinity and enhanced binding modes for selected target receptors, resulting in management of activity for diabetes and coronary artery disease. The major drawback highlights concentration-dependent intake of red wine is highlights in the in-vivo study.
Myrtillin Prolongs Lifespan and Enhances Tolerance against Pathogenic Infections in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Nas John Sylvester B. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Myrtillin is a pigment found abundantly in a variety of fruits and vegetables. As an anthocyanin compound, myrtillin exhibits antioxidant properties that can potentially counteract oxidative damage.

OBJECTIVE:
In this study, we focus on investigating the protective effects of myrtillin on Caenorhabditis
elegans against pathogen-induced oxidative damage. Specifically, we explore the impact of myrtillin on the lifespan of C. elegans when exposed to different pathogens, namely Staphylococcus
aureus, Enterococcus
faecalis, Klebsiella
pneumoniae, and Proteus
mirabilis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
To conduct our experiments, C. elegans were administered varying concentrations of myrtillin and subsequently infected with each of the aforementioned pathogens. The nematodes’ lifespan was carefully monitored under these conditions. We also docked the three-dimensional structure of myrtillin to the crystal structure of different bacterial proteins. We visualized the crystal-docked structures with the lowest binding energy.

RESULTS:
Our findings revealed a significant increase in the lifespan of C. elegans when exposed to S. aureus, E. faecalis, K. pneumoniae, and P. mirabilis (P ≤ 0.05). It is worth noting that the effectiveness of myrtillin in extending lifespan varied among these pathogens. Notably, we observed that myrtillin exhibited low binding energies toward specific bacterial proteins, namely filamenting temperature-sensitive mutant Z of S. aureus and NAD+-dependent DNA ligase of E. faecalis. These interactions involved a combination of hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, myrtillin demonstrated the lowest binding energy with SHV-2 of K. pneumoniae and amidohydrolase of P. mirabilis, characterized by a higher number of hydrogen bonds.

CONCLUSION:
Based on our observations, we speculate that myrtillin possesses an additional protective mechanism against a range of pathogens, ultimately leading to an extended lifespan in C. elegans. This suggests the potential of myrtillin as a beneficial compound with diverse protective properties against various pathogens. Further research is required to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying myrtillin’s effects and its potential application in promoting health and longevity.
Association Between Atorvastatin Exposure and Low Folate Status
Authors: Lozano Roberto , Apesteguía Irati , Martínez Alejandro 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
The objective of this study is to assess the association between exposure to atorvastatin (ATV) and low-plasma folate (PF) status.

Methods:
The sample consisted of patients admitted to the internal medicine service of a basic general hospital, located in Zaragoza (Spain). We adopted a pharmacoepidemiological case–control study design. For this, the number of treatment days (TDs) of all the drugs part of their treatment during the study period was obtained from each patient in the sample. The cases were comprised by the number of patient's TDs for which PF ≤3 mg/dl and the controls by the number of patient's TDs for which PF >3 mg/dl. To measure the strength of the association, the odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. The Chi-square test, using the Bonferroni correction, was used to calculate the statistical significance.

Findings:
The sample consisted of 640 polymedicated patients. The mean PF obtained were 8.0 ± 4.6 mg/dl and 2.1 ± 0.6 mg/dl, for the cases and controls, respectively; the total number of TDs for the cases and controls were 7615 and 57899, respectively. We obtained a U-shaped curve when representing the dose of ATV against the corresponding ORs when comparing cases with control.

Conclusion:
Exposure to ATV at 10 or 80 mg is associated with an augmented risk of low folate status. We recommend implementing guidelines for mandatory folic acid fortification in patients exposed to ATV doses of 10 or 80 mg.
Effect of Selenium Supplementation on Lipid Profile, Anemia, and Inflammation Indices in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Assarzadeh Samaneh , Vahdat Sahar , Seirafian Shiva , Pourfarzam Morteza , Badri Shirinsadat 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Trace elements deficiency is common among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients due to excessive loss during dialysis and the lower intake secondary to loss of appetite. Selenium (Se) is a trace element that plays an important role in the radical scavenging system and helps the body defend against oxidative stress. This study aims to evaluate the effects of Se supplementation on lipid profile, anemia, and inflammation indices in ESRD patients.

Methods:
Fifty-nine hemodialysis patients enrolled and were randomly divided into two groups. Two hundred microgram Se capsules once daily for the case group and matching placebo for the control group were administered for three months. Demographic data were collected at the study beginning. Uric acid (UA), anemia and inflammation indices, and lipid profiles were recorded at the beginning and the end of the study.

Findings:
UA and UA-to-HDL (high-density lipoprotein) ratio decreased significantly in the case group (P < 0.001). The changes in lipid profile were not significant among both groups. Hemoglobin slightly increased in the case group, however, it decreased significantly in the control group (P = 0.031). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) decreased in the case group and increased in the control group, however, none of these changes were significant.

Conclusion:
According to the results of this study, selenium supplementation in ESRD patients could reduce some risk factors related to their mortality, such as the ratio of uric acid to HDL. However, the changes related to lipid profile, hemoglobin level and hs-CRP biomarker were not significant.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Herbal Formulation of Boswellia sacra Flueck. In Improving Cognitive and Behavioral Symptoms in Patients with Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Panahishokouh Mahsa , Noroozian Maryam , Mohammadian Fatemeh , Khanavi Mahnaz , Mirimoghaddam Mahnaz , Savar Seyed Mehrdad , Nikoosokhan Maryam , Honarmand Hooshyar , Mohebbi Niayesh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an herbal formulation based on Boswellia sacra in improving cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and mild-to-moderate stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods:
A 3-month, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial was implemented from October 2021 to April 2022. Patients with MCI and mild-to-moderate stages of AD aged above 50 years (n = 60; 40 women, 20 men) enrolled in the study using clinical diagnosis and a score of 10–30 on the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) test. They were assigned into two groups; one receiving a herbal formulation) include B. sacra, Melissa officinalis, Piper longum, Cinnamomum verum, and Physalis alkekengi) three times a day and the other receiving a placebo for 3 months. The main efficacy measures were the changes in cognitive domains based on the MMSE and changes in behavioral and psychiatric symptoms based on neuropsychiatric inventory (NPI) scores compared with baseline. Side effects were also recorded.

Findings:
Results of this study showed significant differences between the two groups after 3 months in terms of all the assessed variables, including the overall result of the mean score of MMSE and NPI tests (P ≤ 0.001). The herbal formulation had the most considerable effects on the domains of orientation, attention, working memory, delay recall, and language of the MMSE test.

Conclusion:
Herbal formulation based on B. sacra was significantly effective compared to a placebo in improving cognitive and behavioral symptoms in patients with MCI and mild-to-moderate AD.
The Efficacy of an Oral Formulation of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Viola odorata, and Operculina turpethum as an Add-on Therapy for Mild-to-moderate Childhood Asthma
Authors: Rabbani Faezeh , Raeisi Mohsen , Keivanfar Majid , Saffaei Ali , Sabzghabaee Ali Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of an oral combined tablet of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Viola odorata, and Operculina turpethum (Anti-Asthma®) as an add-on therapy for the relief of the severity of symptoms in mild-to-moderate childhood asthma.

Methods:
This randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 60 children and adolescents with chronic mild-to-moderate childhood asthma. Patients were randomly divided into cases who received Anti-Asthma® oral combined tablets 2 tablets twice dailt for 1 month and controls, received placebo tablets identically the same to Anti-Asthma® (2 tablets, twice daily, for 1 month) as add-ons to their standard therapy according to the guideline. The severity and frequency of cough attacks and shortness of breath, respiratory test indices (based on spirometry), and the extent of disease control and treatment adherence were measured clinically by validated questionnaires at the beginning and after the study.

Findings:
Respiratory test indices improved and the severity of activity restriction decreased significantly in the cases compared to the controls However, the mean difference before and after the study was significantly different between the cases and controls only for the number and severity of coughs and the severity of activity restriction. In the scores of the Asthma Control Questionnaire, the cases group had a significant improvement compared to the controls.

Conclusion:
Anti-Asthma® oral formulation may be effective as an adjunct add-on treatment in the maintenance therapy of mild-to-moderate childhood asthma.
Efficacy of Lacosamide Add-on Therapy on Refractory Focal Epilepsies in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Mohammadi Tayebeh , Nasiri Jafar , Ghazavi Mohammad Reza , Yaghini Omid , Hoseini Neda 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objective:
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that affects 0.5%–1% of children. 30%–40% of patients are resistant to current anti-epileptic drugs. Lacosamide (LCM) appeared to be effective, safe, and well tolerated in children and adolescents. This study was aimed to evaluate whether LCM could be an effective add-on therapy in children with refractory focal epilepsies.

Methods:
This study was conducted from April 2020 to April 2021 in Imam Hossein Children Hospital, Isfahan, Iran. We included 44 children aged 6 months to 16 years with refractory focal epilepsy (based on International League Against Epilepsy criteria). LCM was given in divided doses of 2 mg/kg/day, increasing by 2 mg/kg every week. The first follow-up visit was 6 weeks later, when all patients had reached the therapeutic dose.

Findings:
The average age of the patients was 89.9 months. 72.5% of children had focal motor seizures. Evaluation of percent change in seizure frequency and duration before and after treatment showed a 53.22% reduction in seizure frequency and 43.72% reduction in seizure duration after treatment. Our study group tolerated LCM well, with few side effects. Headache, dizziness, and nausea were common side effects. In line with other studies, none of the suspected risk factors could predict response to LCM treatment.

Conclusion:
LCM appears to be an effective, safe, and well-tolerated medication in children with uncontrolled drug-resistant focal epilepsy.
The Protective Effect of Melatonin on Diazepam-induced Genotoxicity in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes Using Micronucleus Assay
Authors: Soufi Bahar R. , Evazalipour Mehdi , Motavallian Azadeh , Chakosari Mojtaba H. , Zamani Ehsan 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Diazepam belongs to the benzodiazepine family of drugs and is mainly used for anxiety, muscle spasms, seizures, and insomnia. Long-term diazepam administration can cause genotoxicity, and oxidative stress is a likely molecular mechanism involved.

Objectives:
In this study, the benefits of melatonin against diazepam-induced oxidative damage and genotoxicity were investigated.

Materials and Methods:
Cultured peripheral lymphocytes were allocated to five groups: control, diazepam (100 μg/mL), melatonin (50 and 100 μM) with diazepam and cisplatin (0.05 μg/mL). After harvesting and preparing slides, the incidence of micronuclei (MN) was observed as a marker of genotoxicity. Then, in order to measure oxidative stress parameters, contents of glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were determined.

Results:
Results documented increased MN and LPO and decrease in GSH levels in diazepam-administered lymphocytes versus those of the control group. When melatonin was given to diazepam-administered lymphocytes, they almost attenuated the increase of MN and LPO and restored the levels of GSH.

Conclusion:
Results showed that diazepam seems to induce genotoxicity in cultured human lymphocytes and oxidative stress plays an important role in it. Furthermore, it is concluded that melatonin efficiently protects against genotoxicity through its anti-oxidative effects.
Chronic Antidepressant Use
Authors: Bariweni Moses W. , Oboma Yibala I. , Samuel Ebibodo 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Chronic use of antidepressant drugs often results in drug-induced organ damage, which is mostly undetected and under-reported. The study aimed at evaluating the effect of selected antidepressants on organs and blood cell counts in adult albino rats.

Materials and Methods:
Adult rats were divided into four groups (n = 5): Group 1 (5 mL/kg of body weight/day normal saline), Group 2 (1 mg/kg of body weight/day risperidone), Group 3 (5 mg/kg of body weight/day fluoxetine), and Group 4 (15 mg/kg of body weight/day imipramine) for 14 days. The animals experienced different stressors during the treatment period to simulate physiological state of depression. On the 14th day, the animals were exposed to the forced swimming test 1 h after the respective treatments. On the 15th day, the animals were sacrificed under halothane anesthesia. Blood sample was collected. Liver and kidney were excised for histological examination. Results were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance.

Results:
Kidney histology was normal for all groups. Risperidone-exposed rats presented with hepatotoxicity with areas of zonal necrosis and partial central vein congestion. Neutrophil (%) was significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in all treatment groups when compared with controls. White blood cell count was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the imipramine and risperidone treatment groups but significantly reduced (P < 0.01) in the fluoxetine treatment group when compared with controls. Also, the platelet count was significantly increased (P < 0.01) in the fluoxetine group but decreased in imipramine-and risperidone-treated groups.

Conclusion:
Chronic antidepressant use can cause changes in blood cell counts and drug-induced organ damage; hence, frequent organ function tests and blood count are required in patients undergoing chronic antidepressant therapy.
Intensification of the Extraction Process of Flavonoids and Hydroxycinnamic Acids from Tanacetum vulgare L. Flowers
Authors: Herbina Nataliia , Ruban Olena , Andryushayev Oleksiy , Hohlova Larisa 
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose:
It has been shown that taking into account the polyvalence of action, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) is a promising raw material for obtaining substances based on it as active pharmaceutical ingredients for the development of new potential herbal medicinal products.

Materials and Methods:
Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) has been considered as one of the promising methods to optimize the technology of extracting biologically active substances (BAS) from T. vulgare flowers.

Results:
The advantages of the method, the mechanism of ultrasound action on plant cells, and the main factors affecting this process are indicated.

Conclusion:
The optimal technological parameters that allow the extraction of flavonoids calculated with reference to luteolin and hydroxycinnamic acids calculated with reference to chlorogenic acid in the maximum amount, namely, the raw material and extractant ratio, time, and the extraction frequency, have been determined. The high efficiency of UAE has been proven.
Physical and Chemical Fermentation Conditions Affect the Growth and Metabolite Production of Endophytic Fungi Athelia rolfsii
Authors: Suharsanti Ririn , Wahyuono Subagus , Astuti Puji 
Published: September 2024

Background:
The effort to explore antimicrobial agents isolated from an endophytic fungus of Coleus amboinicus resulted in the finding of a potential aromatic compound having methoxy, hydroxyl, and methyl groups produced by Athelia rolfsii. This compound exhibited antibacterial activities with IC50 values of <2 μg/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus mutans, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study was aimed to determine the effect of varying fermentation conditions (types of media, carbon sources, nitrogen sources, temperature, and pH) on biomass, total metabolites, and bioactive compound production.

Materials and Methods:
The fungal cultures were subjected to various treatment conditions and incubated for 12 days at 25°C 160 rpm followed by analyzing the biomass, metabolite, and bioactive compound production.

Results and Conclusion:
The study found that although the maximum total metabolite production was achieved in the Tryptic Soy Broth medium, both biomass and bioactive compound production accumulated at the highest amount in Potato Dextrose Broth and Sabouraud Dextrose Broth media. Adding 1% of different types of carbon sources did not significantly enhance biomass, total metabolite, and bioactive compound production. Three types of organic nitrogen sources used in this study did not significantly affect biomass and total metabolite production, but adding peptone produced the highest amount of bioactive compound. Supplementing inorganic source of nitrogen to the culture medium decreased the production. While pH 5.5 was found to be the optimum condition for total metabolite production, pH 6–7 resulted in higher productivity of the bioactive compound. The total metabolite production was best produced at 25°C, whereas higher temperatures were needed to get optimum bioactive and biomass production. This study found that the total metabolite production was 7.8 times higher when the culture was grown in PDB medium supplemented with 1% sucrose and 1% peptone and incubated at 27°C at pH 6.5; whereas a 15% increase was observed in the bioactive compound production.
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Falcaria vulgaris Bernh
Authors: Jafari Zahra , Farzaei Mohammad Hussein , morovati Mohammad Reza , Foroughini Azadeh 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Falcaria vulgaris Bernh (FV) is a plant of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family, which is known as Ghaziaghi in the Iranian Azeri language and Paghaza in the west of Iran. This plant is usually consumed in spring as a local vegetable and food. FV is recommended by traditional medicine resources for the treatment of skin diseases, gastrointestinal complaints, liver disease, blood purification, and increasing breast milk. The presence of tannins and saponins and the absence of flavonoids and terpenoids have been shown in FV. As various significant properties and special characteristics of FV have been expressed in numerous studies, this study aimed to collect documents and summarize and classify the properties of this plant through a systematic review method.

Materials and Methods:
We extracted 304 articles by searching electronic databases using the following keywords: “Paghazeh,” “Ghaziaghi,” “Falcaria vulgaris Bernh,” and “qazayagi.” Then, after eliminating duplicates and unrelated studies, finally, 19 studies were entered into a systematic review.

Results:
Significant therapeutic effects have been reported for FV through studies investigating the medicinal properties of the plant, including antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic effects, healing properties of skin and stomach ulcers, and protection of the liver and kidney. Most of these effects are related to antioxidant content and the presence of tannins and saponins in the plant.

Conclusion:
FV has significant effects on treatment of various diseases in animal studies and can be concluded in human clinical trials.