bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nest site selection and nest survival of eastern wild turkeys in a pyric landscape
Authors: Yeldell Nathan A. , Cohen Bradley S. , Little Andrew R. , Collier Bret A. , Chamberlain Michael J. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTPine (Pinus spp.)‐dominated forests are commonly managed with prescribed fire in the southeastern United States to reduce fuel loads, maintain diverse plant communities, and increase habitat quality for wildlife. Prescribed fire alters understory vegetation, which is a key component of nesting habitat for ground‐nesting birds. We assessed the influences of vegetation, prescribed fire, and landscape features (e.g., roads, edge) on nest site selection and nest survival of eastern wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo silvestris) in a pine‐dominated ecosystem in west‐central Louisiana. We radio‐marked 55 female wild turkeys and evaluated vegetation and landscape characteristics associated with 69 nests during the 2014 and 2015 reproductive periods. We used conditional logistic regressions with matched‐pairs case‐control sampling and information‐theoretic approaches to determine if vegetation characteristics within 15 m of a nest site, distances to surrounding vegetation communities and edges, and prescribed fire history of patches where a nest was located influenced nest site selection. We calculated hazard ratios for covariates in our top‐performing models to determine if any of these characteristics affected nest site survival. Turkeys in our study had a longer reproductive season and higher nesting and renesting rates relative to other populations in the southeastern United States. At the local scale, turkeys nested in areas with higher percent ground cover vegetation. At the landscape scale, turkeys nested closer to roads and farther from edges of 2 plant communities. Turkeys selected to nest in forest stands burned 2 years prior. Nest survival was not affected by percent ground cover, distance to roads, or distance to edge but was negatively associated with time‐since‐fire; turkey nests in stands burned ≥3 years prior had lower survival than nests in stands burned the current year. We suggest that burning on a 3‐year fire return interval is compatible with management for wild turkeys in southeastern pine‐dominated forests. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Femtosecond Laser Micro Milling Using Special Trepanning Optics
Authors: Friedel Susanna , Stolberg Klaus 
Published: April 2017

AbstractMicromachining methods like electrical discharge machining (micro‐EDM), chemical etching, mechanical micro milling or thermal laser machining, are limited by material properties like chemical reactivity, optical absorption, electrical conductivity, and melting point. Also, the demand for a wall steepness of 90°, a feature size of < 100 μm, radius of curvature < 20 μm, or the required process speed limit the choice of the appropriate technology. Here, the combination of ultrafast lasers with a special optical setup enables new solutions.
Laser Marking of Small Manufacturing Lots at High Throughput
Authors: Eichner Natalie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLaser labeling and marking of metal serial parts is a well established technology in industrial manufacturing. From part or serial numbers to Data‐Matrix codes or logos, such data can be applied to parts permanently, quickly, and cost efficient. However, there are several ways to integrate laser labeling into manufacturing processes depending on volumes, production process, and desired degree of automation. Laser labeling units with rotary indexing tables are common, as provided by Trotec, e.g., to a customer for labeling metal filter caps.
Bringing the Laser to the Product
Authors: Steck Dieter 
Published: April 2017

AbstractHighly agile, self‐organizing industrial 4.0 production environments require an extremely high level of intelligence and networking of all process relevant factors. Not to be underestimated in this context is the integration of laser marking systems, which ensure a safe, durable marking, and therefore a definite traceability of the produced parts or products. Optical part recognition and individual laser marking as part of the automatized production may already be state of the art, however, the list of requirements for lasers for surface marking continues to grow — especially with regards to the laser's flexibility and cost effectiveness.
Climate extreme indices derived from observed daily precipitation and temperature data over Cameroon: the need for further assessments
Authors: Menang Kaah P. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTUnderstanding, monitoring and predicting weather and climate extremes is important because of their severe impacts on communities and ecosystems. In many parts of the world, climate extreme indices have been calculated from daily precipitation and temperature data. However, in Cameroon very few analyses of daily precipitation and temperature data have been carried out. This review is thus a call for an immediate, systematic analysis of observed climate extreme indices from daily precipitation and temperature data. The analysis will provide an understanding of the temporal and spatial variability of weather and climate extremes over Cameroon as well as contributing to the ongoing World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge on Weather and Climate Extremes.
Measurement and modelling of temperature cold pools in the Cerdanya valley (Pyrenees), Spain
Authors: Pagès M. , Pepin N. , Miró J. R. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe Cerdanya valley in northeast Spain experiences intense cold air pooling which decouples the valley atmosphere from the regional circulation, especially in winter. This makes air temperature prediction a challenge. A network of 40 temperature sensors was installed in 2012 along seven elevational transects to collect hourly temperatures throughout the cold pool, enabling measurement of the detailed cold pool structure for the first time. Sensors were also installed in the upper Conflent valley to the northeast for comparison, where previous research has shown that there is reduced cold air pooling. Sensor data were validated against automatic weather station observations at two locations. Through calculation of hourly lapse rates in various elevation bands for 2 years, frequent inversions developing up to 1450 m are shown, and sometimes extending much higher than this, concentrating in winter. Case studies of two intense episodes in December 2012 and January 2013 show that model simulations, despite being able to simulate broad mechanisms of cold air pooling formation, underestimate the amount of cooling. This is due to over‐enthusiastic simulation of a low level jet in the first case and mountain waves in the second. Solving these model problems has important consequences for the future ability to predict episodes of extreme low temperatures and associated hazards (frost, fog) in Cerdanya and mountain valleys elsewhere.
Development of Simple QSPR Models for the Prediction of the Heat of Decomposition of Organic Peroxides
Authors: Prana Vinca , Rotureau Patricia , André David , Fayet Guillaume , Adamo Carlo 
Published: April 2017

AbstractQuantitative structure‐property relationships represent alternative method to experiments to access the estimation of physico‐chemical properties of chemicals for screening purpose at R&D level but also to gather missing data in regulatory context. In particular, such predictions were encouraged by the REACH regulation for the collection of data, provided that they are developed respecting the rigorous principles of validation proposed by OECD. In this context, a series of organic peroxides, unstable chemicals which can easily decompose and may lead to explosion, were investigated to develop simple QSPR models that can be used in a regulatory framework. Only constitutional and topological descriptors were employed to achieve QSPR models predicting the heat of decomposition, which could be used without any time consuming preliminary structure calculations at quantum chemical level. To validate the models, the original experimental dataset was divided into a training and a validation set according to two methods of partitioning, one based on the property value and the other based on the structure of the molecules by the mean of PCA. Four QSPR models were developed upon the type of descriptors and the methods of partitioning. The 2 models issuing from the PCA based method were highlighted as they presented good predictive power and they are easier to apply than our previous quantum chemical based model, since they do not need any preliminary calculations.
Ultrafast compartmentalized relaxation time mapping with linear algebraic modeling
Authors: Zhang Yi , Liu Xiaoyang , Zhou Jinyuan , Bottomley Paul A. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeTo dramatically accelerate compartmental‐average longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation measurements using the minimal‐acquisition linear algebraic modeling (SLAM) method, and to validate it in phantoms and humans.MethodsRelaxation times were imaged at 3 Tesla in phantoms, in the abdomens of six volunteers, and in six brain tumor patients using standard inversion recovery and multi–spin‐echo sequences. k‐space was fully sampled to provide reference T1 and T2 measurements, and SLAM was performed using a limited set of phase encodes from central k‐space. Anatomical compartments were segmented on scout images post‐acquisition, and SLAM reconstruction was implemented using two algorithms. Compartment‐average T1 and T2 measurements were determined retroactively from fully sampled data sets, and proactively from SLAM data sets at acceleration factors of up to 16. Values were compared with reference measurements. The compartment's localization properties were analyzed using the discrete spatial response function.ResultsAt 16‐fold acceleration, compartment‐average SLAM T1 measurements agreed with the full k‐space compartment‐average results to within 0.0% ± 0.7%, 1.4% ± 3.4%, and 0.5% ± 2.9% for phantom, abdominal, and brain T1 measurements, respectively. The corresponding T2 measurements agreed within 0.2% ± 1.9%, 0.9% ± 7.9%, and 0.4% ± 5.8%, respectively.ConclusionSLAM can dramatically accelerate relaxation time measurements when compartmental or lesion‐average values can suffice, or when standard relaxometry is precluded by scan‐time limitations. Magn Reson Med 79:286–297, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Advanced cancer caregiving as a risk for major depressive episodes and generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Trevino Kelly M. , Prigerson Holly G. , Maciejewski Paul K. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveCaregivers of advanced cancer patients provide extensive care associated with high levels of caregiver distress. The degree to which cancer caregiving increases caregivers' risk for a psychiatric disorder is unknown. The current study examines whether advanced cancer caregiving poses distinct risks for initial and recurrent major depressive episodes (MDEs) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) relative to the general population.MethodsCaregivers of advanced cancer patients (N = 540) from Coping with Cancer were compared to general population controls (N = 9282) from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. The general population comparison sample was propensity‐weighted to be demographically similar to the caregiver sample.ResultsCaregivers of advanced cancer patients were more likely than individuals in the general population to have an initial MDE (OR = 7.7; 95% CI, 3.5‐17.0; P < .001), but no more likely than the general population to have a recurrent MDE (OR = 1.1; 95% CI, 0.6‐2.1; P = .662). Caregivers were also more likely than the general population to have GAD (OR = 3.0; 95% CI, 1.9‐4.8; P < .001) and comorbid MDE and GAD (OR = 2.5; 95% CI, 1.1‐5.9; P = .038).ConclusionsThe increased risk of meeting diagnostic criteria for current MDE and GAD and comorbid MDE and GAD associated with advanced cancer caregiving highlights the degree of emotional burden among cancer caregivers. Clinical services that assess, prevent, and treat depression and anxiety in cancer caregivers are needed to reduce the burden of caregiving and improve the mental health of this growing population.
Feasibility and acceptability of “healthy directions” a lifestyle intervention for adults with lung cancer
Authors: Blok Amanda C. , Blonquist Traci M. , Nayak Manan M. , Somayaji Darryl , Crouter Scott E. , Hayman Laura L. , Colson Yolonda L. , Bueno Raphael , Emmons Karen M. , Cooley Mary E. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aims of this feasibility study of an adapted lifestyle intervention for adults with lung cancer were to (1) determine rates of enrollment, attrition, and completion of 5 nurse‐patient contacts; (2) examine demographic characteristics of those more likely to enroll into the program; (3) determine acceptability of the intervention; and (4) identify patient preferences for the format of supplemental educational intervention materials.MethodsThis study used a single‐arm, pretest and posttest design. Feasibility was defined as ≥20% enrollment and a completion rate of 70% for 5 nurse‐patient contact sessions. Acceptability was defined as 80% of patients recommending the program to others. Data was collected through electronic data bases and phone interviews. Descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test and Wilcoxon rank sum test were used for analyses.ResultsOf 147 eligible patients, 42 (28.6%) enrolled and of these, 32 (76.2%) started the intervention and 27 (N = 27/32; 84.4%; 95% CI, 67.2%‐94.7%) completed the intervention. Patients who were younger were more likely to enroll in the study (P = .04) whereas there were no significant differences by gender (P = .35). Twenty‐three of the 24 (95.8%) participants' contacted posttest recommended the intervention for others. Nearly equal numbers of participants chose the website (n = 16, 50%) vs print (n = 14, 44%).ConclusionThe intervention was feasible and acceptable in patients with lung cancer. Recruitment rates were higher and completion rates were similar as compared to previous home‐based lifestyle interventions for patients with other types of cancer. Strategies to enhance recruitment of older adults are important for future research.
Exploration and performance evaluation of microwave‐induced plasma with different discharge gases for ambient desorption/ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Yin Jinwei , Zhao Zhongjun , Zhan Xuefang , Duan Yixiang 
Published: April 2017

RationaleMicrowave‐induced plasma (MIP) with different discharge gases of argon or helium provides significant plasma‐based ambient desorption/ionization sources, which have potential applicability in direct analysis of complex samples without any sample pre‐treatment. In this study, experiments were conducted to better understand microwave‐induced plasma desorption/ionization (MIPDI) sources and the corresponding ionization mechanisms.MethodsEmission spectra of microwave‐induced argon (MIP‐Ar) and helium (MIP‐He) plasmas were obtained from the plasma tail flame of a MIP source. Compounds including L‐phenylalanine, L‐serine, L‐valine, urea, 4‐acetaminophen, gallic acid and L‐ascorbic acid were analyzed using both sources. Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) oligomers were detected by MIP‐Ar and MIP‐He mass spectrometry at different microwave powers. Mass spectra of higher molecular weight PEGs (including PEG800, PEG1000 and PEG2000) were also acquired using both sources.ResultsIn the emission spectra, N2, H‐I and O‐I species were observed by MIP‐Ar/He. In addition, SiO2, Na‐I, Si‐I and Si‐II species were generated by MIP‐He. In the mass spectra of compounds, [M+H]+, [2M+H]+, [M+O+H]+, [M+2O–H]+ and fragment ions were observed. In the mass spectra of PEG400 obtained by MIP‐Ar/He at different microwave powers, higher molecular weight oligomers could only be observed with higher microwave power. PEGs with molecular weights as high as 1000 Da were also successfully analyzed by MIPDI.ConclusionsAccording to the different natures of the samples, either MIP‐Ar or MIP‐He can be chosen as a working ion source for mass spectrometry. The MIPDI source is potentially applicable to the analysis of compounds with high molecular weights, especially polymers with high degree of polymerization (such as PEG2000), which is a challenging issue for the traditional ambient ionization sources. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study of azidoacetic acid/transition metal complexes
Authors: Pinto Vítor S. , Marques Susana C. R. , Rodrigues Paula , Barros M. Teresa , Costa M. Lourdes , Langley G. John , Fernandez M. Tereza , Cabral Benedito J. C. , Duarte M. Filomena , Couto Narciso 
Published: April 2017

RationaleThe complexation behavior of transition metals with organic azides by electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is not completely understood. In this study, fragmentation patterns of complex ions having azidoacetic acid coordinated to Ni/Co/Fe were elucidated. The role of transition metals in the mediation of ligand rearrangements in gas phase is experimentally supported.MethodsThe complexation of some transition metals, nickel, cobalt and iron, by azidoacetic acid was studied by means of ESI and MS/MS. Fragmentation patterns were discerned via consecutive MS/MS experiments on an ion trap mass spectrometer and confirmed by high‐resolution (HR) Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance MS. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to characterize the major ions observed in MS.ResultsOnly singly positively charged complex ions were detected presenting various stoichiometries. MS/MS and theoretical calculations allowed us to confirm assignments and coordination sites. Structural evidence suggested that the azidoacetic acid can behave as monodentate and/or bidentate and coordination through the oxygen and nitrogen atoms are both possible. Experimental evidence strongly points to a role of Ni/Co/Fe, in oxidative state (I), in mediating C–C bond activation in the gas phase.ConclusionsMS/MS and HRMS experiments were able to elucidate azidoacetic acid complexation with Ni/Co/Fe and several gas‐phase processes involving metal reduction and rearrangements. The definition of the coordination pattern dictated by the competition between the nitrogen and the oxygen atoms is also dependent on the metal centre in a very dynamic process. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone Marrow, Adipose, and Lung Tissue-Derived Murine Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Release Different Mediators and Differentially Affect Airway and Lung Parenchyma in Experimental Asthma
Authors: Abreu Soraia C. , Antunes Mariana A. , Xisto Debora G. , Cruz Fernanda F. , Branco Vivian C. , Bandeira Elga , Zola Kitoko Jamil , de Araújo Almair F. , Dellatorre-Texeira Ludmilla , Olsen Priscilla C. , Weiss Daniel J. , Diaz Bruno L. , Morales Marcelo M. , Rocco Patricia R. M. 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources have differential effects on lung injury. To compare the effects of murine MSCs from bone marrow (BM), adipose tissue (AD), and lung tissue (LUNG) on inflammatory and remodeling processes in experimental allergic asthma, female C57BL/6 mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline (C). Twenty-four hours after the last challenge, mice received either saline (50 µl, SAL), BM-MSCs, AD-MSCs, or LUNG-MSCs (105 cells per mouse in 50 µl total volume) intratracheally. At 1 week, BM-MSCs produced significantly greater reductions in resistive and viscoelastic pressures, bronchoconstriction index, collagen fiber content in lung parenchyma (but not airways), eosinophil infiltration, and levels of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in lung homogenates compared to AD-MSCs and LUNG-MSCs. Only BM-MSCs increased IL-10 and interferon (IFN)-γ in lung tissue. In parallel in vitro experiments, BM-MSCs increased M2 macrophage polarization, whereas AD-MSCs and LUNG-MSCs had higher baseline levels of IL-4, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and VEGF secretion. Exposure of MSCs to serum specimens obtained from asthmatic mice promoted reductions in secretion of these mediators, particularly in BM-MSCs. Intratracheally administered BM-MSCs, AD-MSCs, and LUNG-MSCs were differentially effective at reducing airway inflammation and remodeling and improving lung function in the current model of allergic asthma. In conclusion, intratracheal administration of MSCs from BM, AD, and LUNG were differentially effective at reducing airway inflammation and remodeling and improving lung function comparably reduced inflammation and fibrogenesis in this asthma model. However, altered lung mechanics and lung remodeling responded better to BM-MSCs than to AD-MSCs or LUNG-MSCs. Moreover, each type of MSC was differentially affected in a surrogate in vitro model of the in vivo lung environment.
Influence of metal electrodes on c‐axis orientation of AlN thin films deposited by DC magnetron sputtering
Authors: Imran Shahid , Yuan Jun , Yin Ge , Ma Yungui , He Sailing 
Published: April 2017

Nanocrystalline aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were deposited on two types of metallic seed layers on silicon substrates, (111) textured Pt and (110) Mo, by reactive DC magnetron sputtering at low temperature (200 °C). Both textured films of Pt and Mo promote nucleation, thereby improving the crystallinity and epitaxial growth condition for AlN thin films. The deposited films were examined by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy techniques. The results indicated that the preferred orientation of crystallites greatly depends upon the kinetic energy of the sputtered species (target power) and seed layers used. Furthermore, AlN thin films with c‐axis perpendicular to the substrate grew on both types of metal electrodes at all power levels larger than 100 W. By comparing the structural properties and compressive stresses at perfect c‐axis orientation conditions, it is evident that AlN films deposited on (110) oriented Mo substrates exhibited superior properties as compared with Pt/Ti seed layers. Furthermore, less values of compressive stresses (−3 GPa) as compared with Pt/Ti substrates (−7.08 GPa) make Mo preferentially better candidate to be employed in the field of suspended Micro/Nano ‐ electromechanical systems (MEMS/NEMS) for piezoelectric devices. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization the carotenoid productions and profiles of three Rhodosporidiumtoruloides mutants from Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation
Authors: Lin Xinping , Gao Ning , Liu Sasa , Zhang Sufang , Song Shuang , Ji Chaofan , Dong Xiuping , Su Yichen , Zhao Zongbao Kent , Zhu Beiwei 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is a known lipid producer capable of accumulating large amounts of triacylglycerols and carotenoids. However, it remains challenging to study its carotenoid production profiles owing to limited biochemical information and inefficient genetic tools. Here we used an Agrobacterium tumefaciens‐mediated transformation (ATMT) to change its carotenoid production and profiles. We constructed R. toruloides NP11 mutant libraries with ATMT, selected three mutants with different colours, characterized their carotenoid products by high‐pressure liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS) analysis and assured differences among those strains in terms of carotenoid production and its composition profiles. We then located T‐DNA insertion sites using the genome walking technology and provided discussions in terms of the new phenotypes. This study is the first of its kind to change the carotenoid production profiles in R. toruloides. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.