bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PTSD in solid organ transplant recipients: Current understanding and future implications
Authors: Supelana C. , Annunziato R. A. , Kaplan D. , Helcer J. , Stuber M. L. , Shemesh E. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPTSS are quite prevalent in transplant recipients, although full‐scale PTSD may not be that common. Those symptoms have been linked to poor transplant outcomes, perhaps owing to non‐adherence to medications and other recommendations, brought about by the avoidance dimension of the PTSD/PTSS construct (patients may avoid taking their medications because they serve as reminder of the emotionally traumatic event—the transplant). It is possible to treat PTSD via specific psychotherapeutic techniques, and the treatment has been shown to be safe and likely effective in other populations. Therefore, practitioners who treat transplant recipients should be familiar with the presentation and treatment of those symptoms. This manuscript provides a systematic literature review of the PTSD/PTSS presentation in the pediatric transplant setting, a synthesis of available research findings, and suggestions for current care and future research.
Relationship between circulating tumour cell count and prognosis following chemotherapy in patients with advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Zixuan , Xiao Yi , Zhao Jing , Chen Minjiang , Xu Yan , Zhong Wei , Xing Jia , Wang Mengzhao 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveThis study investigated whether circulating tumour cells (CTC) are detectable in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether CTC count could provide prognostic information or serve as an indicator of patient response to chemotherapy.MethodsWe enrolled 46 patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent NSCLC. CTC were measured at baseline in all patients and in 23 patients, CTC were also measured before every chemotherapy cycle. The relationship between CTC count and tumour size was analysed.ResultsCTC were present in 40 patients (87%); among them, 29 (63%) had a CTC count of ≥3 cells/3.2 mL, 17 (37%) had a CTC count of ≥5 cells/3.2 mL and 7 (15.2%) had a CTC count of ≥8 cells/3.2 mL. The median progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.3 months and 16 months, respectively. A CTC count of more than eight prior to chemotherapy was a strong predictor of reduced PFS (P = 0.018) and OS (P = 0.026). A multivariate analysis indicated that baseline CTC count was an independent negative prognostic factor for survival. However, no correlation was observed between CTC count and tumour size after two chemotherapy cycles, its relationship with chemotherapy response still needs to be defined.ConclusionBaseline CTC count is an independent negative prognostic factor for NSCLC; The relationship of CTC and survival after chemotherapy still needs to be defined.
(Cost‐)effectiveness of self‐treatment of exacerbations in patients with COPD: 2 years follow‐up of a RCT
Authors: Zwerink Marlies , Kerstjens Huib AM , van der Palen Job , van der Valk Paul , Brusse‐Keizer Marjolein , Zielhuis Gerhard , Effing Tanja 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackground and objectiveLong‐term effectiveness of action plans in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is minimally investigated. We have evaluated the (cost‐)effectiveness of a self‐management programme with or without self‐treatment of exacerbations after 2 years follow‐up.MethodsSelf‐management with or without self‐treatment of exacerbations was randomly assigned to patients. All patients participated in four self‐management meetings. Patients in the self‐treatment group (STG) also learned to use an action plan to start a course of prednisolone and/or antibiotics in case of worsening of symptoms. Primary outcome was the duration and severity of exacerbations.ResultsData of 70 COPD patients in the STG and 72 patients in the control group (CG) were analysed. Over 2 years, the median number of exacerbation days was significantly lower in the STG (50, IQR: 32–115) compared with the CG (82, IQR: 22–186) (P = 0.047), as was the mean symptom score of an exacerbation (STG: 43.4, IQR 27.2–68.6 vs CG: 55.9, IQR: 31.2–96.8) (P = 0.029). Also, patients in the STG visited the respiratory physician and emergency department less frequently than patients in the CG with incidence rate ratios of 1.52 (95% CI: 1.28–1.79) and 2.27 (95% CI: 1.11–4.62), respectively. Direct medical costs per patient over 2 years were €1078 lower in the STG.ConclusionSelf‐treatment of exacerbations is beneficial in COPD patients without significant comorbidities because it reduces exacerbation duration, exacerbation severity and health‐care utilization leading to considerable cost savings.
Gender differences of muscle and crural fascia origins in relation to the occurrence of medial tibial stress syndrome
Authors: Edama M. , Onishi H. , Kubo M. , Takabayashi T. , Yokoyama E. , Inai T. , Watanabe H. , Nashimoto S. , Koga Y. , Kageyama I. 
Published: December 2015

Although women reportedly have a higher prevalence of medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) than men, the possible role of gender‐based anatomical differences has not been investigated. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of gender‐based differences in the range of muscle attachments along the entire medial tibia, the proportion of muscle attachment at the middle and distal thirds of the medial margin of the tibia, the structure of the crural fascia, and chiasm position. The specimens were 100 legs of 55 Japanese cadavers. Statistical analysis was carried out using a chi‐square test to compare anatomical features between the sexes. The flexor digitorum longus (FDL) had a higher proportion of attachment to the middle and distal thirds of the medial margin of the tibia than the soleus (SOL; P < 0.001). The proportion of the SOL attachment to the middle and distal thirds of the medial margin of the tibia was 33.3% in men and 72.5% in women (P < 0.001). The soleal aponeurosis was not observed in any specimen. In all specimens the FDL formed the top layer of both chiasms. These results suggest that the higher prevalence of MTSS reported among women may be the result of gender‐based anatomical differences.
Reconciling Windfarms with Rural Place Identity: Exploring Residents’ Attitudes to Existing Sites
Authors: Wheeler Rebecca 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThere is a wealth of literature exploring attitudes towards windfarms and the various debates surrounding them. However, for the most part, this literature has focused on responses to proposed sites, rather than exploring the long‐term impacts of windfarms on local residents. This paper presents the findings from qualitative research in three English villages, which investigated how existing local windfarms are perceived and experienced by local residents, and how such new structures are incorporated into conceptualisations of rural place over time. The results show that, whilst concerns remain in some instances, the windfarms have (perhaps surprisingly) become a familiar and unremarkable – or even valued – part of the landscape for many people. Here, the varied interpretations of existing windfarms, and the place‐based processes underlying them, are discussed with particular reference to rural identities and local contexts. The potential implications of the findings for managing future rural change are also considered.
Master regulators in primary skin fibroblast fate reprogramming in a human ex vivo model of chronic wounds
Authors: Noizet Maïté , Lagoutte Emilie , Gratigny Marlène , Bouschbacher Marielle , Lazareth Isabelle , Roest Crollius Hugues , Darzacq Xavier , Dugast‐Darzacq Claire 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFibroblasts are important players in regulating tissue homeostasis. In the dermis, they are involved in wound healing where they differentiate into contractile myofibroblasts leading to wound closure. In nonhealing chronic wounds, fibroblasts fail to undertake differentiation. We established and used a human ex vivo model of chronic wounds where fibroblasts can undergo normal myofibroblast differentiation, or take on a nondifferentiable pathological state. At the whole genome scale, we identified the genes that are differentially regulated in these two cell fates. By coupling the search of evolutionary conserved regulatory elements with global gene network expression changes, we identified transcription factors (TF) potentially involved in myofibroblast differentiation, and constructed a network of relationship between these key factors. Among these, we found that TCF4, SOX9, EGR2, and FOXS1 are major regulators of fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation. Conversely, down‐regulation of MEOX2, SIX2, and MAF causes reprogramming of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts even in absence of TGF‐β, the natural inducer of myofibroblast differentiation. These results provide insight into the fibroblast differentiation program and reveal a TF network essential for cellular reprogramming. They could lead to the development of new therapeutics to treat fibroblast‐related human pathologies.
A STATE OF THE ART COMPARISON OF DATABASES FOR FACIAL OCCLUSION
Authors: Abdu Yusuf Abdulganiyu , Mohamad Fatma Susilawati , Sufyanu Zahraddeen 
Published: December 2015

Face recognition continues to be one of the most popular research areas of image processing and computer vision. There are various face databases available to researchers for face detection and recognition. These databases are customized for a particular need of one algorithm. They are range in size, scope, and purpose. Few of these databases from the literature contain face occlusions in several positions of the faces to enable real world applications. In this paper, we present four different occlusion face databases. These are Aleix-Robert (AR), Bosphorus, Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW), and University of Milano Bicocca Database (UMB) face databases. At each section, the key features of the database are presented with the recording conditions, though not all of them are discussed at the same level of details. Detailed comparisons of the databases were made based on controlled and uncontrolled databases, 2D and 3D databases and also their uniqueness. Comparison was also made with other databases out of the categorization mentioned. The databases are useful for performing a rigorous benchmarking of face detection and recognition algorithms.
A NOVEL MULTIMEDIA INTERACTIVE APPLICATION TO SUPPORT ROAD SAFETY EDUCATION AMONG PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Abdul Rawi Norkhairani , Mamat Abd. Rasid , Mat Deris Mohd Sufian , Mat Amin Maizan , Rahim Normala 
Published: December 2015

The interactive multimedia is considered as a very promising potential to aid primary school pupils in learning and teaching method in introducing road safety education. Although web based applications for road safety education are available, they are based on overseas countries where the rules and environment settings are different from Malaysia’s environment. An effort to help pupils in interactively learning on road safety education in Malaysia has motivated this study. A framework encompass of learning theories, modules, multimedia elements and, usability and acceptance, has been developed and applied in an interactive multimedia prototype on road safety education called “FIQIR Road Safety”. The prototype has been developed based on a primary school textbook “Cermat Tiba Selamat” by Malaysian Ministry of Education (MOE). FIQIR Road Safety has been designed and developed by utilizing multimedia elements to give an immersive experience to the user. It employs Watch, Learn and Play as the modules where the animations and activities represent actual traffic environment in Malaysia. The proposed framework hopefully can be a guide in developing interactive multimedia application such as FIQIR Road safety.
TRANSFORMATION MATRICES IN GENERATION OF CIRCULAR PATTERNS
Authors: Tan Wooi-Nee , Tan Yi-Fei , Ong Lee-Loon , Koo Ah-Choo , Lim Forest 
Published: December 2015

This paper aims to explore the generation of circular patterns based on transformation matrix. The idea proposed here is to first design a fundamental pattern, known as ‘seed’. This is then followed by applying the transformation matrix to arrange the fundamental pattern to form a circular pattern. The transformation matrix can be applied once or applied iteratively. By assigning different values to the parameters involved, the patterns produced act in an interesting and appealing way. The proposed method contributes to a simple and efficient framework in computational generation of endless circular patterns.
Asynchronous presynaptic glutamate release enhances neuronal excitability during the post‐spike refractory period
Authors: Iremonger Karl J. , Bains Jaideep S. 
Published: December 2015

Key Points
Many excitatory synapses in the brain release glutamate with both synchronous and asynchronous components.
Immediately following an action potential, neurons display a reduced excitability due to the post‐spike afterhyperpolarization (AHP). This gives rise to a relative refractory period.
When an action potential is evoked by glutamate synaptic input possessing asynchronous release, the delayed glutamate release events act to depolarize the neuron during the AHP and overcome the relative refractory period.
These results demonstrate a new role for asynchronous release in regulating post‐spike excitability and the relative refractory period in central neurons.
AbstractPost‐spike afterhyperpolarizations (AHPs) functionally inhibit neuronal excitability for tens to hundreds of milliseconds following each action potential. This imposes a relative refractory period during which synaptic excitation is less effective at evoking spikes. Here we asked whether some synapses have mechanisms in place that allow them to overcome the AHP and drive spiking in target cells during this period of reduced excitability. We examined glutamate synapses onto oxytocin and vasopressin neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. These synapses can display pronounced asynchronous glutamate release following a single presynaptic spike, with the time course of release being similar to that of the post‐spike AHP. To test whether asynchronous release is more effective at overcoming the relative refractory period, we evoked a single action potential with either a brief synchronous depolarization or an asynchronous potential and then assessed excitability at multiple time points following the spike. Neurons receiving asynchronous depolarizing synaptic inputs had a shorter relative refractory period than those receiving synchronous depolarizations. Our data demonstrate that synapses releasing glutamate in an asynchronous and delayed manner are ideally adapted to counter the AHP. By effectively overcoming the relative refractory period, the kinetics of excitatory synaptic input can play an important role in controlling post‐spike excitability.
Resveratrol partially prevents oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction in pregnant rats fed a low protein diet and their offspring
Authors: Vega Claudia C , Reyes‐Castro Luis A , Rodríguez‐González Guadalupe L , Bautista Claudia J , Vázquez‐Martínez Magaly , Larrea Fernando , Chamorro‐Cevallos Germán A , Nathanielsz Peter W , Zambrano Elena 
Published: December 2015

Key points
Maternal protein restriction during pregnancy increases both maternal and offspring oxidative stress and leads to metabolic dysfunction.
Maternal low protein diet during pregnancy increases maternal and offspring corticosterone.
Resveratrol administration partially prevents both maternal and offspring adverse outcomes induced by maternal protein restriction during pregnancy.
AbstractProtein restriction in pregnancy produces maternal and offspring metabolic dysfunction potentially as a result of oxidative stress. Data are lacking on the effects of inhibition of oxidative stress. We hypothesized that maternal resveratrol administration decreases oxidative stress, preventing, at least partially, maternal low protein‐induced maternal and offspring metabolic dysfunction. In the present study, pregnant wistar rats ate control (C) (20% casein) or a protein‐restricted (R) (10% casein) isocaloric diet. Half of each group received resveratrol orally, 20 mg kg−1 day−1, throughout pregnancy. Post‐delivery, mothers and offspring ate C. Oxidative stress biomarkers and anti‐oxidant enzymes were measured in placenta, maternal and fetal liver, and maternal serum corticosterone at 19 days of gestation (dG). Maternal (19 dG) and offspring (postnatal day 110) glucose, insulin, triglycerides, cholesterol, fat and leptin were determined. R mothers showed metabolic dysfunction, increased corticosterone and oxidative stress and reduced anti‐oxidant enzyme activity vs. C. R placental and fetal liver oxidative stress biomarkers and anti‐oxidant enzyme activity increased. R offspring showed higher male and female leptin, insulin and corticosterone, male triglycerides and female fat than C. Resveratrol decreased maternal leptin and improved maternal, fetal and placental oxidative stress markers. R induced offspring insulin and leptin increases were prevented and other R changes were offspring sex‐dependent. Resveratrol partially prevents low protein diet‐induced maternal, placental and sex‐specific offspring oxidative stress and metabolic dysfunction. Oxidative stress is one mechanism programming offspring metabolic outcomes. These studies provide mechanistic evidence to guide human pregnancy interventions when fetal nutrition is impaired by poor maternal nutrition or placental function.
Determinants of rebound burst responses in rat cerebellar nuclear neurons to physiological stimuli
Authors: Dykstra Steven , Engbers Jordan D. T. , Bartoletti Theodore M. , Turner Ray W. 
Published: December 2015

Key points
Cerebellar Purkinje cells project GABAergic inhibitory input to neurons of the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) that generate a rebound increase in firing, but the specific patterns of input that might elicit a rebound response have not been established.
We used recordings of Purkinje cell firing obtained during perioral whisker stimulation in vivo to create a physiological stimulus template to activate Purkinje cell afferents in vitro.
DCN cell bursts were evoked by the stimulus pattern but not in relation to the perioral whisker stimulus, complex spikes or regular patterns within the Purkinje cell record.
Reverse correlation revealed that bursts were triggered by an elevation‐pause pattern of Purkinje cell firing, with pause duration a key factor in burst generation.
Our data identify for the first time a physiological pattern of Purkinje cell input that can be encoded by the generation of rebound bursts in DCN cells.
AbstractThe end result of signal processing in cerebellar cortex is encoded in the output of Purkinje cells that project inhibitory input to deep cerebellar nuclear (DCN) neurons. DCN cells can respond to a period of inhibition in vitro with a rebound burst of firing, yet the optimal physiological pattern of Purkinje cell input that might evoke a rebound burst is unknown. The current study used spike trains recorded from rat Purkinje cells in response to perioral stimuli in vivo to create a physiological pattern to stimulate Purkinje cell axons in vitro. The perioral stimulus‐evoked Purkinje cell firing pattern proved to be virtually ineffective in evoking a rebound burst despite the ability to reliably evoke rebounds using a traditional brief 100 Hz stimulus. Similarly, neither complex spike firing nor Purkinje cell patterns identified by CV2 analysis were reliably associated with rebound bursts. Reverse correlation revealed that the optimal Purkinje cell input to evoke a rebound burst was a sequential increase in mean firing rate of at least 30 Hz above baseline over 250 ms followed by a reduction of 40–60 Hz below baseline for up to 500 ms. The most important factor was the duration of a pause in Purkinje cell firing that allowed DCN cells to recover from a state of net inhibitory influence. These data indicate that physiological patterns of Purkinje cell firing can elicit rebound bursts in DCN cells in vitro, with pauses in Purkinje cell firing rate acting as a key stimulus for DCN cell rebound responses.
Para un análisis crítico del concepto de normalización filosófica
Authors: Betancur Juan Camilo 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">El concepto de “normalización filosófica” se ha convertido en un lugar común poco cuestionado en la narración del proceso histórico de la filosofía en Latinoamérica. A partir de la teoría de los estratos del tiempo planteada por R. Koselleck, el presente trabajo propone una revisión crítica de dicho concepto. </p>
El neocolonialismo en nuestros días: la perspectiva de Leopoldo Zea
Authors: Macías Chávez Karla Cecilia 
Published: December 2015

<p class="p1">El presente escrito busca contestar a dos preguntas: ¿Es la posición de Leopoldo Zea acerca del sistema neocolonialista de su tiempo obsoleta, respecto a la situación en que vivimos actualmente muchos habitantes de México y de otros países del mundo sujetos a un dominio neocolonial; o, es posible y adecuado pensar en su postura como una vía de crítica e incluso de propuesta de acción ante el panorama neocolonialista en nuestros días? ¿Por qué sostenemos una u otra postura? Para contestar a ambas preguntas definiremos y posicionaremos en un contexto histórico-teórico el término neocolonialismo. Además, expondremos algunas de las formas en las que se manifiesta este sistema de dominación en países latinoamericanos desde hace no mucho tiempo. Asimismo, ofreceremos algunos de los puntos más importantes que Zea consideraba al pensar, describir y explicar esta situación, y algunas posibles propuestas de reflexión y acción ante la misma. </p>
The Microbiome, Systemic Immune Function, and Allotransplantation
Authors: Nellore Anoma , Fishman Jay A. 
Published: December 2015

SUMMARY
Diverse effects of the microbiome on solid organ transplantation are beginning to be recognized. In allograft recipients, microbial networks are disrupted by immunosuppression, nosocomial and community-based infectious exposures, antimicrobial therapies, surgery, and immune processes. Shifting microbial patterns, including acute infectious exposures, have dynamic and reciprocal interactions with local and systemic immune systems. Both individual microbial species and microbial networks have central roles in the induction and control of innate and adaptive immune responses, in graft rejection, and in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Understanding the diverse interactions between the microbiome and the immune system of allograft recipients may facilitate clinical management in the future.