bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA Antenna Tile‐Associated Deoxyribozyme Sensor with Improved Sensitivity
Authors: Cox Amanda J. , Bengtson Hillary N. , Gerasimova Yulia V. , Rohde Kyle H. , Kolpashchikov Dmitry M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSome natural enzymes increase the rate of diffusion‐limited reactions by facilitating substrate flow to their active sites. Inspired by this natural phenomenon, we developed a strategy for efficient substrate delivery to a deoxyribozyme (DZ) catalytic sensor. This resulted in a three‐ to fourfold increase in sensitivity and up to a ninefold improvement in the detection limit. The reported strategy can be used to enhance catalytic efficiency of diffusion‐limited enzymes and to improve sensitivity of enzyme‐based biosensors.
Dustiness Quantification of Powders by the Fractional Release Rate
Authors: Londershausen Tim , Schmidt Eberhard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe handling of dispersed solids may lead to undesirable release of dust particles. Size and quantity of the particles transferred into the gas with time depend on the binding and separating forces in the powder. These in turn are determined by characteristic parameters of the powder and of the process. Analogous to the well‐known “fractional collection efficiency” describing the dust separation, a newly defined “fractional release rate” to quantify the release of dust is introduced. The application is demonstrated by an example and the way to further development of this innovative approach is demonstrated.
Molecular Design Principles for Near‐Infrared Absorbing and Emitting Indolizine Dyes
Authors: Huckaba Aron J. , Yella Aswani , McNamara Louis E. , Steen April E. , Murphy J. Scott , Carpenter Casey A. , Puneky George D. , Hammer Nathan I. , Nazeeruddin Mohammad Khaja , Grätzel Michael , Delcamp Jared H. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractDesirable components for dye‐sensitzed solar cell (DSC) sensitizers and fluorescent imaging dyes include strong donating building blocks coupled with well‐balanced acceptor functionalities for absorption beyond the visible range. We have evaluated the effects of increasing acceptor strengths and incorporation of dye morphology controlling groups on molar absorptivity and absorption breadth with indolizine donor‐based dyes. Indolizine‐based D–A and D–π–A sensitizers incorporating bis‐rhodanine, tricyanofuran (TCF), and cyanoacrylic acid functionalities were analyzed for performance in DSC devices. The TCF derivatives were also evaluated as near‐infrared (NIR)‐emissive materials with the AH25 emissions extending past 1000 nm.
Adsorption Behavior of Halogenated Anesthetic and Water Vapor on Cr‐Based MOF (MIL‐101) Adsorbent. Part I. Equilibrium and Breakthrough Characterizations
Authors: Hua Ye , Gargiulo Nicola , Peluso Antonio , Aprea Paolo , Eić Mladen , Caputo Domenico 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA synthesized chromium‐based metal organic framework (Cr‐MOF) was used for the adsorption of halogenated anesthetics, i.e., sevoflurane (SF). Adsorption isotherm and breakthrough experiments involving SF (reference sorbate) and water vapor were measured at 298 K and atmospheric pressure on both Cr‐MOF and a commercially used reference adsorbent. The Cr‐MOF MIL‐101 showed a significantly higher SF adsorption capacity and much higher selectivity relative to water vapor compared to the reference adsorbent. Binary‐mixture breakthrough tests demonstrated a “roll‐up effect” for SF on the reference adsorbent while no such effect was observed on MIL‐101.
A Bayesian approach to estimate and model SINR in wireless networks
Authors: Riahi Manesh Mohsen , Kaabouch Naima , Reyes Hector , Hu Wen‐Chen 
Published: September 2016

SummaryIn wireless communications, the signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio (SINR) is important in spectrum management and link scheduling. In cognitive radio and ad hoc networks, where the spectrum is shared between nodes, the SINR is required to measure the outage probability and the level of accumulated interference on a specific node from other nodes sharing the same band. Several techniques have been proposed to estimate and statistically model the SINR. However, most of these techniques do not account for uncertainty in factors such as the number of nodes and their locations, the distance between nodes, the transmission powers, and the frequencies. In addition, these methods are not able to learn from and adapt to the changes of the network. Therefore, there is a need for models able to dynamically deal with the uncertainty affecting the SINR and provide a modular framework for its estimation. In this article, a Bayesian model is proposed to probabilistically model the SINR and describe how variables affect its probability distribution. Simulation results confirm the validity and robustness of the proposed method.
Extending bioacoustic monitoring of birds aloft through flight call localization with a three‐dimensional microphone array
Authors: Stepanian Phillip M. , Horton Kyle G. , Hille David C. , Wainwright Charlotte E. , Chilson Phillip B. , Kelly Jeffrey F. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBioacoustic localization of bird vocalizations provides unattended observations of the location of calling individuals in many field applications. While this technique has been successful in monitoring terrestrial distributions of calling birds, no published study has applied these methods to migrating birds in flight. The value of nocturnal flight call recordings can increase with the addition of three‐dimensional position retrievals, which can be achieved with adjustments to existing localization techniques. Using the time difference of arrival method, we have developed a proof‐of‐concept acoustic microphone array that allows the three‐dimensional positioning of calls within the airspace. Our array consists of six microphones, mounted in pairs at the top and bottom of three 10‐m poles, arranged in an equilateral triangle with sides of 20 m. The microphone array was designed using readily available components and costs less than $2,000 USD to build and deploy. We validate this technique using a kite‐lofted GPS and speaker package, and obtain 60.1% of vertical retrievals within the accuracy of the GPS measurements (±5 m) and 80.4% of vertical retrievals within ±10 m. The mean Euclidian distance between the acoustic retrievals of flight calls and the GPS truth was 9.6 m. Identification and localization of nocturnal flight calls have the potential to provide species‐specific spatial characterizations of bird migration within the airspace. Even with the inexpensive equipment used in this trial, low‐altitude applications such as surveillance around wind farms or oil platforms can benefit from the three‐dimensional retrievals provided by this technique.
Beyond the single species climate envelope: a multifaceted approach to mapping climate change vulnerability
Authors: Balzotti Christopher S. , Kitchen Stanley G. , McCarthy Clinton 
Published: September 2016

AbstractFederal land management agencies and conservation organizations have begun incorporating climate change vulnerability assessments (CCVAs) as an important component in the management and conservation of landscapes. It is often a challenge to translate that knowledge into management plans and actions, even when research infers species risk. Predictive maps can improve current CCVAs and assist in quantifying and visualizing species climate change vulnerability across large areas. We assessed the climate change risk for Greater Sage‐Grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; sage‐grouse) habitat at two spatial scales in Utah and Nevada. At the local scale, multiple species climate envelopes were evaluated with additional stressors (fire, conifer encroachment, invasive grass, and human impact) to create risk maps for mesic (Strawberry) and xeric (Sheeprock) sage‐grouse landscapes in Utah. Both landscapes were predicted to be at risk, but Sheeprock was found to be at higher risk due to future climate change implications coupled with additional habitat‐degrading stressors. By using models, we are able to integrate complex interactions, and visualize the distribution of risk across broad spatial scales, providing land managers and researchers a valuable tool for CCVA and action plans.
Influence of Resource Allocation in PV Technology Development of Japan on the World and Domestic PV Market
Authors: ENDO EIICHI 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYThis paper analyzes influence of resource allocation in R&D of solar cells in Japan. First, it estimates solar cell price in Japan in the case resource allocation for R&D of crystalline silicon solar cells was not significantly reduced, but maintained almost constant level. For the projection, it does not use experience curve, but models technological progress, price reduction, of solar cell in Japan with a variable technology knowledge stock by excluding mass production effects. Second, solar cell prices in other countries are estimated based on their market share in the global solar cell production. The estimated solar cell price in Japan under the assumed resource allocation decreases by about 30% compared to the actual one and it, therefore, could be competitive to the estimated solar cell prices in China and Taiwan. In this case, Japan could maintain its top market share in the global solar cell production several years longer. Instead of the Japan's Feed‐in Tariff with subsidy, net‐metering without subsidy is enough for keeping almost the same internal rate of return of residential PV systems for new and existing houses. This paper will be helpful to cost‐effective R&D planning by a modeling and simulation approach.
Transient Electric Field Analysis in Consideration of the Electric Field Dependence of Resistivity in the Converter Transformer
Authors: TERAKURA TAKUMA , TAKANO KEI , YASUOKA TAKANORI , MORI SHIGEKAZU , HOSOKAWA OSAMU , IWABUCHI TAKASHI , CHIGIRI TAKASHI , YAMADA SHIN 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARYIn this paper, values of the electric field in the pressboard and oil during the polarity reversal test of the converter transformer were calculated with transient analysis. First, we confirmed the accuracy of the nonlinear analysis in the model test. Next, we carried out nonlinear transient electric field analysis for polarity reversal test of the converter transformer. In the results, when the applied time of dc voltage before the polarity reversal is 360 min, the values of the electric field of oil area are the same as when it is 90 min. Although, the electric field in the pressboard becomes higher in response to the applied time dc voltage, it does not cause a problem on the insulation. Because withstand voltage of pressboard is very high. In the results, the correlation between the applied time of dc voltage before the polarity reversal and the withstand voltage of transformer is considered low. This result can be applied to the design of the converter transformer.
Superior performance of N‐terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide for diagnosis of acute decompensated heart failure in an Asian compared with a Western setting
Authors: Ibrahim Irwani , Kuan Win Sen , Frampton Chris , Troughton Richard , Liew Oi Wah , Chong Jenny Pek Ching , Chan Siew Pang , Tan Li Ling , Lin Wei Qin , Pemberton Chris J. , Ooi Shirley Beng Suat , Richards A. Mark 
Published: September 2016

AimsThis study was conducted to test the diagnostic performance of NT‐proBNP for discrimination of acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) among breathless patients presenting in an Asian compared with a Western centre.Methods and resultsPatients with breathlessness were prospectively and contemporaneously recruited in Emergency Departments in Singapore and New Zealand (NZ). The diagnosis of ADHF was adjudicated by two clinician specialists. A total of 606 patients were recruited in Singapore and 500 in NZ. The discriminative power of NT‐proBNP for ADHF was superior in Singapore compared with NZ [area under the curve (AUC) 0.926 vs. 0.866; P = 0.012] both overall and among selected subgroups stratified according to age, renal function, body mass index, and presence or absence of AF or diabetes. Previously established cut‐off point values of plasma NT‐proBNP yielded comparable sensitivity and negative predictive values, but superior specificity and accuracy in Singapore compared with NZ. The difference in test performance was driven by the younger age (median age 56 years vs. 73 years; P < 0.001), associated with better renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate 89 vs. 62 mL/min/1.73 m2; P < 0.001), and lower prevalence of AF (9.7% vs. 25.7%; P < 0.001) in acutely breathless patients in Singapore.ConclusionConsidering emerging evidence of a lower average age of presentation with ADHF over most of Asia compared with Western countries, NT‐proBNP is likely to be more accurate when applied in Asian centres than in the West.
Increases in brain activity during social competition predict decreases in working memory performance and later recall
Authors: DiMenichi Brynne C. , Tricomi Elizabeth 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn our fMRI experiment, participants completed a learning task in both a noncompetitive and a socially competitive learning environment. Despite reporting a preference for completing the task while competing, participants remembered significantly more during the task and later recalled more from the noncompetitive learning environment. Furthermore, during working memory maintenance, there was performance‐related deactivation in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the precuneus/PCC. During feedback presentation, there was greater activation in the mPFC and the precuneus/PCC while competing. Differential activation in the precuneus/PCC predicted worse later recall for information learned competitively. Since previous research suggests that the mPFC is involved in social‐referencing, while the precuneus/PCC is implicated in off‐task thoughts, our results suggest that receiving feedback regarding competition produces more activation in brain regions implicated in social interaction, as well as task distraction. While competition may make a task more enjoyable, the goal of winning may distract from maximizing performance. Hum Brain Mapp 38:457–471, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Phonetic detail and lateralization of reading‐related inner speech and of auditory and somatosensory feedback processing during overt reading
Authors: Kell Christian A. , Darquea Maritza , Behrens Marion , Cordani Lorenzo , Keller Christian , Fuchs Susanne 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPhonetic detail and lateralization of inner speech during covert sentence reading as well as overt reading in 32 right‐handed healthy participants undergoing 3T fMRI were investigated. The number of voiceless and voiced consonants in the processed sentences was systematically varied. Participants listened to sentences, read them covertly, silently mouthed them while reading, and read them overtly. Condition comparisons allowed for the study of effects of externally versus self‐generated auditory input and of somatosensory feedback related to or independent of voicing. In every condition, increased voicing modulated bilateral voice‐selective regions in the superior temporal sulcus without any lateralization. The enhanced temporal modulation and/or higher spectral frequencies of sentences rich in voiceless consonants induced left‐lateralized activation of phonological regions in the posterior temporal lobe, regardless of condition. These results provide evidence that inner speech during reading codes detail as fine as consonant voicing. Our findings suggest that the fronto‐temporal internal loops underlying inner speech target different temporal regions. These regions differ in their sensitivity to inner or overt acoustic speech features. More slowly varying acoustic parameters are represented more anteriorly and bilaterally in the temporal lobe while quickly changing acoustic features are processed in more posterior left temporal cortices. Furthermore, processing of external auditory feedback during overt sentence reading was sensitive to consonant voicing only in the left superior temporal cortex. Voicing did not modulate left‐lateralized processing of somatosensory feedback during articulation or bilateral motor processing. This suggests voicing is primarily monitored in the auditory rather than in the somatosensory feedback channel. Hum Brain Mapp 38:493–508, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Financial Incentives, Targeting, and Utilization of Child Health Services: Experimental Evidence from Zambia
Authors: Fink Günther , Rockers Peter C. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractTo address untreated infections in children, routine health checkups have increasingly been incentivized as part of conditional cash transfer programs targeted at the poor. We conducted a field experiment in Zambia to assess the elasticity of demand for checkups as well as the associated health benefits. We find that relatively small incentives induce substantial increases in uptake among non‐farming households and households living farther away from clinics, but not among households in the top wealth quintile. These results suggest that small financial incentives may be an efficient way to target poor populations. However, given the weak socioeconomic gradient in infections observed, small incentives will miss a substantial fraction of exposed children. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lowering the Threshold for Feeling Mistreated: Perceived Overqualification Moderates the Effects of Perceived Age Discrimination on Job Withdrawal and Somatic Symptoms
Authors: Triana María del Carmen , Trzebiatowski Tiffany , Byun Seo‐Young 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study examines whether and how perceived overqualification affects the relationships between perceived age discrimination from one's supervisor and two outcome variables: job withdrawal and somatic symptoms. Using a paired sample (of employees and a paired participant who knew them well, N = 235 pairs), results show that employees who feel overqualified, compared to those who do not feel overqualified, react more negatively to perceived age discrimination by engaging in greater withdrawal behaviors and experiencing higher somatic symptoms. Findings extend both relative deprivation theory and the age discrimination literature by indicating that perceived overqualification is not only a trigger for relative deprivation, but also a factor that seems to lower an employee's threshold for tolerating discriminatory treatment. We conclude with a discussion on practical implications that incorporate strategies for reducing perceptions of age discrimination and overqualification. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Towards a Quantitative Framework for Evaluating the Expressive Power of Conceptual System Models
Authors: Mordecai Yaniv , Dori Dov 
Published: September 2016

AbstractConceptual models describe, explain, and specify the function, concept, structure, and behavior of complex systems. Quantifying the contribution of conceptual models to stakeholder understanding of the systems‐of‐interest has been a great challenge. This difficulty has hindered justifying the use of formal modeling and simulation of complex systems and the adoption of a holistic model‐based systems engineering (MBSE) approach. The informativity of a model is the value of the information it conveys. Conceptual system model informativity is a key performance indicator for MBSE. We introduce MIA – Model Informativity Analysis – a quantitative, utility‐based, prescriptive approach for boosting conceptual models’ expressive power and measuring the value of the information they provide. We define an integrated informativity index, “I3“, which aggregates model scores of diverse informativity‐enhancing factors. We demonstrate various aspects of MIA with Object Process Methodology, OPM – a model‐based systems engineering paradigm and ISO‐19450 standard. OPM caters to quantitative informativity analysis due its formality, comprehensive function‐structure‐behavior modeling, and bimodal equivalent graphical‐textual representation.
Explicating System Value through First Principles: Re‐Uniting Decision Analysis with Systems Engineering
Authors: Peterson Troy , Schindel Bill 
Published: September 2016

AbstractSystem complexity continues to grow, creating many new challenges for engineers and decision makers. To maximize value delivery, “both” Systems Engineering and Decision Analysis are essential. The systems engineering profession has had a significant focus on improving systems engineering processes. While process plays an important role, the focus on process was often at the expense of foundational engineering axioms and their contribution to system value. As a consequence, Systems Engineers were viewed as process developers and managers versus technical leaders with a deep understanding of how system interactions are linked to stakeholder value‥ With the recent shift toward Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE), Systems Engineering is “getting back to basics,” focusing on value delivery via first principles, using established laws of engineering and science. This paper describes how Pattern Based Systems Engineering (PBSE), as outlined within INCOSE's Model Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) initiative, explicates system value through modeling of first principles, re‐uniting Systems Engineering and Decision Analysis capabilities.
The U.S. Department of the Navy's Systems Engineering Career Competency Model: Identification of Proficiency Levels and Career Path Modeling
Authors: Khan Rabia , Whitcomb Clifford A. , White Corina , Grambow Dana , Delgado Jessica 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe United States (US) Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, is sponsoring an initiative led by a team from the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS), to implement an overall approach to study and develop a systems engineering career competency model (SECCM). The initiative is significant as recent studies into career development models have found that firms are searching for individuals who possess both technical and non‐technical competencies. Competencies are defined as the knowledge, skills, and abilities necessary for a systems engineer to perform tasks related to the discipline. NPS is working with the US Office of Personnel Management and the US Navy, to develop proficiency levels and to perform career path modeling. SECCM competencies are partitioned into a series of career development points, to allow for a competency based approach towards career development. This paper describes the development of proficiency levels and career path modeling capabilities, as aligned with the SECCM.
The Generalized Reuse Framework – Strategies and the Decision Process for Planned Reuse
Authors: Wang Gan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe Generalized Reuse Framework is a strategic reuse model for systems engineering management that addresses both investment and leverage of reuse through two interrelated and interacting processes: Development with Reuse (DWR) and Development for Reuse (DFR). This paper summarizes the latest development of this framework from three different angles – taxonomy of reuse, the DWR and DFR categories, reuse strategies and decision processes as applied to incremental system development and product line engineering through a set of planned reuse scenarios.