bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating phasic transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) with pupil dilation: the importance of stimulation intensity and sensory perception
Authors: Ludwig Mareike , Pereira Calida , Keute Marius , Düzel Emrah , Betts Matthew J. , Hämmerer Dorothea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe efficacy of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) as a non-invasive method to modulate physiological markers of noradrenergic activity of the Locus Coeruleus (LC), such as pupil dilation, is increasingly more discussed. However, taVNS studies show high heterogeneity of stimulation effects. Therefore, a taVNS setup was established here to test different frequencies (10 Hz and 25 Hz) and intensities (3 mA and 5 mA) during phasic stimulation (3 s) with time-synchronous recording of pupil dilation in younger adults. Specifically, phasic real taVNS and higher intensity led to increased pupil dilation, which is consistent with phasic invasive VNS studies in animals. The results also suggest that the influence of intensity on pupil dilation may be stronger than that of frequency. However, there was an attenuation of taVNS-induced pupil dilation when differences in perception of sensations were considered. Specifically, pupil dilation during phasic stimulation increased with perceived stimulation intensity. The extent to which the effect of taVNS induces pupil dilation and the involvement of sensory perception in the stimulation process are discussed here and require more extensive research. Additionally, it is crucial to strive for comparable stimulation sensations during systematic parameter testing in order to investigate possible effects of phasic taVNS on pupil dilation in more detail.
Diffusive micromixing combined with dynamic in situ laser scattering allows shedding light on lipid nanoparticle precipitation
Authors: Taiedinejad Ebrahim , Bausch Cornelius , Wittek Jörn , Gül Gökhan , Erfle Peer , Schwarz Nicolai , Mozafari Mohadeseh , Baßler Michael , Dietzel Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPharmaceutical formulations are increasingly based on drug nanoparticles or carrier nanoparticles encapsulating drugs or mRNA molecules. Sizes and monodispersity of the nanoparticles regulate bioavailability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacology. Microfluidic mixers promise unique conditions for their continuous preparation. A novel microfluidic antisolvent precipitation device was realized by two-photon-polymerization with a mixing channel in which the organic phase formed a sheet with a homogeneous thickness of down to 7 μm completely wrapped in the aqueous phase. Homogeneous diffusion through the sheet accelerates mixing. Optical access was implemented to allow in-situ dynamic light scattering. By centering the thin sheet in the microchannel cross-section, two important requirements are met. On the one hand, the organic phase never reaches the channel walls, avoiding fouling and unstable flow conditions. On the other hand, in the sheet positioned at the maximum of the parabolic flow profile the nanoparticle velocities are homogenized which enables flow-compensated Dynamic Light Scattering (flowDLS). These unique features allowed in-situ particle size determination for the first time. Monitoring of lipid nanoparticle precipitation was demonstrated for different rates of solvent and antisolvent flows. This breakthrough innovation will not only enable feedback control of nanoparticle production but also will provide new insights into the dynamics of nanoparticle precipitation.
Future-time reference in spoken EFL
Authors: Dubois Tanguy , Paquot Magali , Szmrecsanyi Benedikt 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Previous research has given much attention to how native speakers of English and, to a lesser extent, speakers of
World Englishes, choose between will and be going to to talk about the future. There is,
however, a lack of research investigating how learners of English as a Foreign Language choose between these future markers at
different proficiency levels. We collected 3,616 instances of will and be going to from the
Trinity Lancaster Corpus, which consists of spoken language from low-intermediate to advanced learners of English from various
mother tongue backgrounds. These future marker observations were annotated for constraints known to probabilistically influence
the choice of variant and then analyzed using mixed-effects logistic regression. Results show that learners are sensitive to more
constraints than native speakers, suggesting that the forms serve more distinct functions. As learners become more proficient,
they consider fewer constraints and thereby better approximate native speakers.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K2 of the air-kerma standards of the PTB, Germany, and the BIPM in low-energy x-rays
Authors: Burns D T , Kessler C , Pojtinger S 
Published: October 2024

Main text
A key comparison has been made between the air-kerma standards of the PTB, Germany, and the BIPM in the low-energy x-ray range. The results show the standards to agree at the level of the expanded uncertainty of the comparison of 8.0 parts in 103. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence, suitable for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Changes in high-frequency neural inputs to muscles during movement cancellation
Authors: Zicher Blanka , Avrillon Simon , Ibáñez Jaime , Farina Dario 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Cortical beta (13–30 Hz) and gamma (30–60 Hz) oscillations are prominent in the motor cortex and are known to be transmitted to the muscles despite their limited direct impact on force modulation. However, we currently lack fundamental knowledge about the saliency of these oscillations at spinal level. Here, we developed an experimental approach to examine the modulations in high-frequency inputs to motoneurons under different motor states while maintaining a stable force, thus constraining behaviour. Approach. Specifically, we acquired brain and muscle activity during a ‘GO’/’NO-GO’ task. In this experiment, the effector muscle for the task (tibialis anterior) was kept tonically active during the trials, while participants (N = 12) reacted to sequences of auditory stimuli by either keeping the contraction unaltered (‘NO-GO’ trials), or by quickly performing a ballistic contraction (‘GO’ trials). Motor unit (MU) firing activity was extracted from high-density surface and intramuscular electromyographic signals, and the changes in its spectral contents in the ‘NO-GO’ trials were analysed. Main results. We observed an increase in beta and low-gamma (30–45 Hz) activity after the ‘NO-GO’ cue in the MU population activity. These results were in line with the brain activity changes measured with electroencephalography. These increases in power occur without relevant alterations in force, as behaviour was restricted to a stable force contraction. Significance. We show that modulations in motor cortical beta and gamma rhythms are also present in muscles when subjects cancel a prepared ballistic action while holding a stable contraction in a ‘GO’/’NO-GO’ task. This occurs while force levels produced by the task effector muscle remain largely unaltered. Our results suggest that muscle recordings are informative also about motor states that are not force-control signals. This opens up new potential use cases of peripheral neural interfaces.
Investigating the synergistic neuromodulation effect of bilateral rTMS and VR brain-computer interfaces training in chronic stroke patients
Authors: Afonso Monica , Sánchez-Cuesta Francisco , González-Zamorano Yeray , Pablo Romero Juan , Vourvopoulos Athanasios 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. Stroke is a major cause of adult disability worldwide, resulting in motor impairments. To regain motor function, patients undergo rehabilitation, typically involving repetitive movement training. For those who lack volitional movement, novel technology-based approaches have emerged that directly involve the central nervous system, through neuromodulation techniques such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and closed-loop neurofeedback like brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). This, can be augmented through proprioceptive feedback delivered many times by embodied virtual reality (VR). Nonetheless, despite a growing body of research demonstrating the individual efficacy of each technique, there is limited information on their combined effects. Approach. In this study, we analyzed the Electroencephalographic (EEG) signals acquired from 10 patients with more than 4 months since stroke during a longitudinal intervention with repetitive TMS followed by VR-BCI training. From the EEG, the event related desynchronization (ERD) and individual alpha frequency (IAF) were extracted, evaluated over time and correlated with clinical outcome. Main results. Every patient’s clinical outcome improved after treatment, and ERD magnitude increased during simultaneous rTMS and VR-BCI. Additionally, IAF values showed a significant correlation with clinical outcome, nonetheless, no relationship was found between differences in ERD pre- post- intervention with the clinical improvement. Significance. This study furnishes empirical evidence supporting the efficacy of the joint action of rTMS and VR-BCI in enhancing patient recovery. It also suggests a relationship between IAF and rehabilitation outcomes, that could potentially serve as a retrievable biomarker for stroke recovery.
Composite Laminates with Epoxy Resin and E-Glass Fibers: Analysis of Mechanical Properties
Authors: Pranathi K. , Adib Ayub S MD , Paul CH 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Polymer fibre-reinforced composites are extensively researched for their potential in high-performance industries such as aerospace, automotive, and ground transportation. These composites offer high strength and inertia. However, their use is hindered by inherent drawbacks, primarily the inability to absorb moisture and high flammability compared to natural fibres. Despite these challenges, composites made from glass and specialty synthetic fibres continue to be attractive due to benefits like a high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent resistance to heat and chemicals. To overcome the limitations of polymer fibres, natural fibres are often combined with synthetic ones. This combination aims to create materials that maintain high strength and stiffness while improving resistance to moisture absorption and fire hazards. Such composite materials offer the possibility of achieving enhanced performance at desired levels. Composite materials, particularly those with low thermal expansion, play a vital role in aerospace components due to their exceptional mechanical properties, including strength and stiffness-to-density ratios. This research focuses on composite laminates using epoxy resin and E-glass fibre reinforcement, analysed through Ansys software. The study characterizes the mechanical properties, such as compressive and tensile strength, of these laminates. The results reveal that laminates with synthetic fibres possess attributes favouring their selection for structural components. These findings highlight the potential of composite materials to meet the demanding performance requirements of industries like aerospace and automotive. Advancements in composite manufacturing processes and material science have led to significant improvements in the performance and versatility of polymer fibre-reinforced composites. Ongoing research aims to address remaining challenges, including enhancing resistance to moisture absorption and fire hazards, through strategies such as incorporating nanomaterials and developing novel fibre treatments. With continued progress, these composites are poised to play an increasingly significant role in various high-performance applications.
Analysis of Implication of Phase Change Material Enclosed Design on Thermal Performance of Solar Collector
Authors: Rathinam V , Seenivasan S , Velliyangiri V , Dhal P K , Ravivarman G , Sakthi S , Girimurugan R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The energy, which is converted from the sun rays, was called solar energy. This is very essential renewable energy converting methods that had a higher influence for water distilling system. Here, the implication of the Phase Change Materials (PCM) in that exit was analyzed. This energy from the sun is trapped in paraffin wax for the storing system whiles the greater radioactive effect. This trapped heat power than utilized for increase the fluid temperature during the lesser radioactive times. Here, the Implication of the heat storing units on the exit temperature was analyzed. Furthermore, Thermal solar collector was analyzed for the following years 2021 and 2022. The Concentric PC is placed over the top of the collector of the solar rays. And then, a paraffin wax layer was placed under the solar absorber plate like the back-up to store the LH Energy. The uniform rate of flow was produced a greater exit temperature of water the two years. The efficiency rate increased 11–14% and the collected energy gain rate enhanced 18–19%. The peak water temperature was 61°C & 60°C for the 2 consecutive years for Paraffin wax integrated solar collecting unit. At the same time the efficiency of heat energy is peak at 49% in January 2022. The solar collector efficiency primarily relies on the design and construction of collector itself.
Comparison Study on Experimental and Computational Structural Analysis for Kevlar Composite by Polyester resin.
Authors: Nagaraj Goud B. , Aravind P. , Jawahar Lal B. , Sanskruti K. , Pavan Ch. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The finite element method was used to analyze Kevlar composite material under the most extreme conditions. The goal of the comparison study between experimental and computational studies of the tensile and flexural behavior of Kevlar woven fabric laminated composite was tested experientially under UTM. As a result, this work aims to approach the modelling of Kevlar composite material by focusing on material properties and failure criteria. The computational results agree well with the experimental results from the literature. The research is conducted utilizing the ANSYS (ACP) program and the finite element technique (FET). ANSYS (ACP) Software was used to model the fiber geometry and generate meshes and approaches to incorporate damage initiation and evolution. The experimental results of woven Kevlar fiber combined with polyester resin were obtained for six layers of the laminate by ASTM Standards, as well as mechanical properties of the woven Kevlar fiber. The CATIA V5 software is used to create the composites design model, and the modal responses are obtained via a simulation model that takes into account the individual layer effects of each Sample test specimen via the ANSYS static-structural module.
Dynamic mechanical analysis, flammability and quasi-static test on Kevlar/basalt-epoxy hybrid composite laminates
Authors: Parekh Ruval P , Rakesh Ballina , Uttrani Chakrala , Eekshit  , Haginilaathan Subramaniam , Jensin Joshua J , Ganesh M , Seralathan S 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The composites made of Kevlar and basalt are studied individually. The experimental investigations aims to study the hybrid composites made from both materials. The present study examines the thermal as well as mechanical properties of the composites by conducting tests such as dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), flammability (UL-94) and quasi-static tests on Kevlar, basalt, and Kevlar/basalt hybrid composites. The composite laminates are fabricated by hand-layup method and the results are compared to evaluate the thermal and mechanical properties. DMA test showed that Kevlar has a higher storage modulus, while basalt has a higher loss modulus. Quasi-static test showed basalt has the higher energy absorption capacity followed by the hybrid Kevlar/basalt composite. The hybrid Kevlar/basalt composite showed these values at par with pure Kevlar laminate. The flammability UL-94 test demonstrated that hybrid composite exhibited better flame retardancy properties. Based on the results, it is found that Kevlar/basalt hybrid composite is a better material for the applications of balanced mechanical properties with flame retardancy when compared to Kevlar or basalt individually.
Experimental Studies on properties of Blended High Strength Concrete with the impact of SCMs
Authors: Kumar Gongalla Nitish , Satyanarayana G V V , Vivek Kumar C 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
A major increase in the number of construction activities is taking place daily, with a particular emphasis being placed on the construction of high-rise structures. High-strength concrete (HSC) provides a variety of advantages over standard concrete in the construction sector. These advantages include the fact that it is more durable and has a longer lifetime than conventional concrete. Certain cementitious materials, such as mineral admixtures, are used in the production of high-strength concrete (HSC) to partially replace ordinary Portland cement (OPC). This experimental investigation focused on the features of M70-grade HSC, which is produced by using Silica Fume (SF), Metakaolin (MK), and Alccofine 1203 (ALC) as the principal components in the manufacturing process. While MK and SF are used at replacement levels ranging from 5% to 15%, ALC is utilized at a weight ratio of 5% to OPC. Tests were conducted on the properties of the concrete after it had hardened intending to examine its strength and durability. Based on the findings of the tests, it was determined that the combination of 5% Alccofine, 10% MK, and SF dose, in addition to the OPC.
Flexural and Shear Strength Analysis of Kevlar/Carbon-Epoxy Composites using Finite Element Modelling
Authors: Mohammed Mohaideen M , Sriya Bandi , Anusha Kolakani , Nagaraju Veeraboina 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The current study aims to investigate the mechanical behavior of Kevlar/carbon-epoxy composites, specifically their response to various mechanical stresses. These materials are intended for use as aircraft wing skins, making it crucial to understand their performance under different conditions. Several tests were conducted, including Inter delamination, Double Shear and Flexural, to assess the material’s ability to withstand these stresses. The hybrid composites have been set volume fraction ratio as 0.5. The obtained results were analyzed using NASTRAN analysis software. It was found that Kevlar/carbon composites exhibit high shear strength under ambient conditions, but the presence of notches significantly affects this property. Additionally, the flexural strength and resistance to compression failure were observed to vary accordingly.
Optimization of Impact Strength in GFRP Composites Reinforced with MWCNT Using RSM and Mother Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Rajeswari Ch. , Punna Eshwaraiah 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Present study delves into the optimization of fabrication parameters for glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites augmented with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using the hand layup method. The primary objective is to enhance the impact strength of the composite material, which is crucial for its performance in demanding structural applications. To achieve this, the response surface methodology (RSM) is employed as a statistical tool to design the experiments and to understand the interactions between the various fabrication parameters on responses by analysis of variance. The optimization process is further refined through the application of the Mother Optimization Algorithm (MOA), a novel approach that systematically searches for the optimal combination of parameters to achieve the desired material properties. This research provides insights into the effects of MWCNT incorporation on GFRP composites and proposes a methodical approach to optimize the fabrication process. The outcomes of this investigation are expected to contribute significantly to the field of composite materials, offering a robust framework for developing high-performance MWCNT with GFRP composites with improved impact resistance for industrial applications.
Performance evaluation of composite plastic modified pavement blocks with Geogrid Reinforcement
Authors: Asha R.M. , Sivaramakrishnan S. , Rajesh J. , Kolappan K. , Ponshanmugakumar A. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
According to estimates made on March 31, 2018, India’s roads will be 6,603,293 kilometres long, which is 4,103,096 miles. The Indian road network is now the second biggest in the world, after the US road network. The roads in question, on the other hand, don’t have the desired effects because their CBR number is too low. In India, most of the roads are in bad shape. The most common problems are potholes, ruts, cracks, and areas of sinking and settlement, which happen more often during the rainy season. First and foremost, these are the effects of the subgrade being in an area that is heavily waterlogged, which means that the subgrade is not strong enough to support it. That being said, the CBR value of the subgrade dirt is usually between 2 and 5 percent. In the CBR method of pavement design (IRC:37-2012), as the CBR value of the subgrade soil goes down, the total thickness of the pavement goes up by a factor of ten. This is what takes place when the subgrade soil’s CBR value goes down. In turn, this means that the total cost of the construction job goes up. Since this is the case, many different efforts have been made to use the geo-grid material to improve the subgrade’s ability to hold weight. The soil samples are looked at before they are used for CBR testing in the lab and in a simulated area. You can run these tests with or without the geo-grid layer, and you can also change where the geo-grid layer is placed inside the block. When geo-grid is used, the CBR value of the subgrade goes up. This makes the sidewalk thinner by up to forty percent. The prices will go down because the study’s results will lower the general cost of the project and the cost of keeping the road in good shape. This will help bring down the project’s total cost. For our assignment, we are going to talk in great detail about the method and how it can be used successfully.
Gate Dielectric Engineering on 2D FETs for Continued Scaling
Authors: Kumar Aruru Sai , Bharath Srinivasulu V. , Nishnath Rao K , Keerthi Kondeti , Kethapelly Shivani , Abhinav Ragidimilli Sai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In the last few years, a significant interest has been shown in 2D field effect transistors (2D FETs) as an appropriate candidate for advanced electronics devices. This study presents a comprehensive performance analysis of 2D FETs with channels consisting of MOS2, MOSe2 and MoTe2 using various dielectric materials, focusing on their application in low-power electronic devices. Materials such as molybdenum disulfide (MOS2), molybdenum Di selenide (MoSe2), molybdenum ditelluride (MoTe2) belong to the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) family, which are known for their fascinating electronic properties. This study addresses the performance evaluation of 2D field effect transistors (FETs) while emphasizing low power consumption. The research examines three critical design parameters - channel lengths, channel materials and dielectrics and examines their influence on FET performance. The miniaturization of transistor technology, critical to compact and power-efficient devices, is analyzed, highlighting the effects of shorter channels on static power, subthreshold swing, and on-off current ratio. In addition, the study examines the role of channel materials and contrasts traditional silicon with new two-dimensional materials such as graphene. Insights are provided into optimizing nanosheet FETs for power-efficient electronic applications and mastering the delicate balance between advantages and limitations in design decisions.