bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Valuation Risk and Asset Pricing
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE RUI , EICHENBAUM MARTIN , LUO VICTOR XI , REBELO SERGIO 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTStandard representative‐agent models fail to account for the weak correlation between stock returns and measurable fundamentals, such as consumption and output growth. This failing, which underlies virtually all modern asset pricing puzzles, arises because these models load all uncertainty onto the supply side of the economy. We propose a simple theory of asset pricing in which demand shocks play a central role. These shocks give rise to valuation risk that allows the model to account for key asset pricing moments, such as the equity premium, the bond term premium, and the weak correlation between stock returns and fundamentals.
Self‐management in temporomandibular disorders: a systematic review of behavioural components
Authors: Story W. P. , Durham J. , Al‐Baghdadi M. , Steele J. , Araujo‐Soares V. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe aim of this qualitative systematic review was to identify the behaviour change techniques most frequently employed in published temporomandibular disorder (TMD) self‐management (SM) programmes. The reviewers matched the components of SM programmes into the relevant behaviour change technique domains according to the definitions of the behaviour change taxonomy (version 1). Electronic databases were searched for randomised controlled trials assessing an SM programme for TMD. Manual searches were also conducted for potentially important journals. Eligibility criteria for the review included: the type of study, the participants, the intervention utilised and the comparators/control. Fifteen randomised controlled trials with 554 patients were included in this review. The review concludes a minority of the available behaviour change techniques are currently employed in SM programmes. Other behaviour change techniques should be examined to see whether there is a theoretical underpinning that might support their inclusion in self‐management programmes in TMD. Further trials are required to conclude that SM programmes are more effective than no treatment at all and or placebo. With more structured SM programmes, greater therapeutic benefits might be achieved, and certainly if SM programmes published in the literature define their components through use of the behaviour change taxonomy, it would be easier for clinicians to replicate efficacious programmes.
Petrology and geochemistry of feldspathic impact‐melt breccia Abar al' Uj 012, the first lunar meteorite from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mészáros Marianna , Hofmann Beda A. , Lanari Pierre , Korotev Randy L. , Gnos Edwin , Greber Nicolas D. , Leya Ingo , Greenwood Richard C. , Jull A. J. Timothy , Al‐Wagdani Khalid , Mahjoub Ayman , Al‐Solami Abdulaziz A. , Habibullah Siddiq N. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAbar al' Uj (AaU) 012 is a clast‐rich, vesicular impact‐melt (IM) breccia, composed of lithic and mineral clasts set in a very fine‐grained and well‐crystallized matrix. It is a typical feldspathic lunar meteorite, most likely originating from the lunar farside. Bulk composition (31.0 wt% Al2O3, 3.85 wt% FeO) is close to the mean of feldspathic lunar meteorites and Apollo FAN‐suite rocks. The low concentration of incompatible trace elements (0.39 ppm Th, 0.13 ppm U) reflects the absence of a significant KREEP component. Plagioclase is highly anorthitic with a mean of An96.9Ab3.0Or0.1. Bulk rock Mg# is 63 and molar FeO/MnO is 76. The terrestrial age of the meteorite is 33.4 ± 5.2 kyr. AaU 012 contains a ~1.4 × 1.5 mm2 exotic clast different from the lithic clast population which is dominated by clasts of anorthosite breccias. Bulk composition and presence of relatively large vesicles indicate that the clast was most probably formed by an impact into a precursor having nonmare igneous origin most likely related to the rare alkali‐suite rocks. The IM clast is mainly composed of clinopyroxenes, contains a significant amount of cristobalite (9.0 vol%), and has a microcrystalline mesostasis. Although the clast shows similarities in texture and modal mineral abundances with some Apollo pigeonite basalts, it has lower FeO and higher SiO2 than any mare basalt. It also has higher FeO and lower Al2O3 than rocks from the FAN‐ or Mg‐suite. Its lower Mg# (59) compared to Mg‐suite rocks also excludes a relationship with these types of lunar material.
The roles of AtxA orthologs in virulence of anthrax‐like Bacillus cereus G9241
Authors: Scarff Jennifer M. , Raynor Malik J. , Seldina Yuliya I. , Ventura Christy L. , Koehler Theresa M. , O'Brien Alison D. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryAtxA is a critical transcriptional regulator of plasmid‐encoded virulence genes in Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus cereus G9241, which caused an anthrax‐like infection, has two virulence plasmids, pBCXO1 and pBC210, that each harbor toxin genes and a capsule locus. G9241 also produces two orthologs of AtxA: AtxA1, encoded on pBCXO1, and AtxA2, encoded on pBC210. The amino acid sequence of AtxA1 is identical to that of AtxA from B. anthracis, while the sequences of AtxA1 and AtxA2 are 79% identical and 91% similar to one another. We found by qRT‐PCR that AtxA1 and AtxA2 function as positive regulators of toxin (AtxA1) and capsule operon (both) transcription in G9241 and that a ΔatxA1 mutant produced lower levels of the anthrax toxins and no hyaluronic acid capsule. Deletion of atxA1 or atxA2 decreased the virulence of spores administered intranasally or subcutaneously to C57BL/6 mice but not to A/J mice, and deletion of both genes rendered spores avirulent in A/J mice. In addition, unlike AtxA1, AtxA2 did not form stable homomultimers in vitro, although AtxA1 and AtxA2 formed heterodimers. Our data show that AtxA1 is the primary regulator of G9241 virulence factor expression and that AtxA1 and AtxA2 are both required for full virulence.
Moving Towards Estimating Sons' Lifetime Intergenerational Economic Mobility in the UK
Authors: Gregg Paul , Macmillan Lindsey , Vittori Claudia 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEstimates of intergenerational economic mobility that use point in time measures of income and earnings suffer from lifecycle and attenuation bias. They also suffer from sample selection issues and further bias driven by spells out of work. We consider these issues together for UK data, the National Child Development Study and British Cohort Study, for the first time. When all three biases are considered, our best estimate of lifetime intergenerational economic persistence in the UK is 0.43 for children born in 1970. Whilst we argue that this is the best available estimate to date, we discuss why there is good reason to believe that this is still a lower bound, owing to residual attenuation bias.
Development of a neurofeedback protocol targeting the frontal pole using near‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Kinoshita Akihide , Takizawa Ryu , Yahata Noriaki , Homae Fumitaka , Hashimoto Ryuichiro , Sakakibara Eisuke , Kawasaki Shingo , Nishimura Yukika , Koike Shinsuke , Kasai Kiyoto 
Published: August 2016

AimNeurofeedback has been studied with the aim of controlling cerebral activity. Near‐infrared spectroscopy is a non‐invasive neuroimaging technique used for measuring hemoglobin concentration changes in cortical surface areas with high temporal resolution. Thus, near‐infrared spectroscopy may be useful for neurofeedback, which requires real‐time feedback of repeated brain activation measurements. However, no study has specifically targeted neurofeedback, using near‐infrared spectroscopy, in the frontal pole cortex.MethodsWe developed an original near‐infrared spectroscopy neurofeedback system targeting the frontal pole cortex. Over a single day of testing, each healthy participant (n = 24) received either correct or incorrect (Sham) feedback from near‐infrared spectroscopy signals, based on a crossover design.ResultsUnder correct feedback conditions, significant activation was observed in the frontal pole cortex (P = 0.000073). Additionally, self‐evaluation of control and metacognitive beliefs were associated with near‐infrared spectroscopy signals (P = 0.006).ConclusionThe neurofeedback system developed in this study might be useful for developing control of frontal pole cortex activation.
Disproportionality and Resource‐Based Environmental Inequality: An Analysis of Neighborhood Proximity to Coal Impoundments in Appalachia
Authors: Greenberg Pierce 
Published: August 2016

AbstractEnvironmental hazards created by resource extraction impose numerous risks on rural populations, but have been understudied in quantitative analyses of environmental inequality. This study fills that gap by examining whether neighborhoods with socioeconomic disadvantages are disproportionately proximate to coal impoundments in Appalachia. Coal impoundments are large, hazardous dams that hold billions of gallons of wastewater and slurry, a sludge‐like by‐product of processing coal. I ground this study in William Freudenburg's double diversion framework, which highlights “disproportionality”—the unequal trade‐off between economic benefits and environmental costs of certain industries. Disproportionality is evident in Appalachia, where coal mining makes up a small percentage of the region's jobs, but threatens local communities through the creation of environmental hazards. Spatial regression results indicate that neighborhoods closest to impoundments are slightly more likely to have higher rates of poverty and unemployment, even after controlling for rurality, mining‐related variables, and spatial dependence. The findings also suggest that a neighborhood's proximity to past mining activity is a stronger predictor of impoundment proximity than current levels of mining employment. This article lays the groundwork for future research on resource‐based environmental inequality that considers the uneven spatial distribution of hazards created by resource extraction.
Coupled ‘storm‐flood’ depositional model: Application to the Miocene–Modern Baram Delta Province, north‐west Borneo
Authors: Collins Daniel S. , Johnson Howard D. , Allison Peter A. , Guilpain Pierre , Damit Abdul Razak 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe Miocene to Modern Baram Delta Province is a highly efficient source to sink system that has accumulated 9 to 12 km of coastal–deltaic to shelf sediments over the past 15 Myr. Facies analysis based on ca 1 km of total vertical outcrop stratigraphy, combined with subsurface geology and sedimentary processes in the present‐day Baram Delta Province, suggests a ‘storm‐flood’ depositional model comprising two distinct periods: (i) fair‐weather periods are dominated by alongshore sediment reworking and coastal sand accumulation; and (ii) monsoon‐driven storm periods are characterized by increased wave‐energy and offshore‐directed downwelling storm flow that occur simultaneously with peak fluvial discharge caused by storm precipitation (‘storm‐floods’). The modern equivalent environment has the following characteristics: (i) humid‐tropical monsoonal climate; (ii) narrow (ca <100 km) and steep (ca 1°), densely vegetated, coastal plain; (iii) deep tropical weathering of a mudstone‐dominated hinterland; (iv) multiple independent, small to moderate‐sized (102 to 105 km2) drainage basins; (v) predominance of river‐mouth bypassing; and (vi) supply‐dominated shelf. The ancient, proximal part of this system (the onshore Belait Formation) is dominated by strongly cyclical sandier‐upward successions (metre to decametre‐scale) comprising (from bottom to top): (i) finely laminated mudstone with millimetre‐scale silty laminae; (ii) heterolithic sandstone–mudstone alternations (centimetre to metre‐scale); and (iii) sharp‐based, swaley cross‐stratified sandstone beds and bedsets (metre to decimetre‐scale). Gutter casts (decimetre to metre‐scale) are widespread, they are filled with swaley cross‐stratified sandstone and their long axes are oriented perpendicular to the palaeo‐shoreline. The gutter casts and other associated waning‐flow event beds suggest that erosion and deposition was controlled by high‐energy, offshore‐directed, oscillatory‐dominated, sediment‐laden combined flows within a shoreface to delta front setting. The presence of multiple river mouths and exceptionally high rates of accommodation creation (characteristic of the Neogene to Recent Baram Delta Province; up to 3000 m Ma−1), in a ‘storm‐flood’‐dominated environment, resulted in a highly efficient and effective offshore‐directed sediment transport system.
First report of the isolation of Lactococcus garvieae from a platelet concentrate in Japan
Authors: Kozakai Moe , Matsumoto Mami , Matsumoto Chieko , Uchida Shigeharu , Nagai Tadashi , Satake Masahiro , Tadokoro Kenji 
Published: August 2016

BACKGROUNDBacterial contamination of platelet concentrates (PCs) remains a serious problem in transfusion. We have been conducting sterility tests on all PCs rejected by blood centers or hospitals due to abnormal appearances. We recently experienced a case in which discrepant results were obtained between the methods used to identify a bacterial species isolated from a PC, requiring further analyses.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSBacteria were isolated from a PC using the BacT/ALERT system and plate culture. The species was identified using biochemical tests and molecular analysis. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using sequences of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and superoxide dismutase (sodA) genes from the bacterial isolate and related species. In addition, the isolate was cultured at temperatures of 10°C and below to determine its growth activity at low temperatures.RESULTSBiochemical tests determined that the isolate was Streptococcus alactolyticus, whereas molecular analysis determined that it was Lactococcus garvieae. These two species belonged to different clusters on the phylogenetic tree. Similar to L. garvieae, the isolate could grow at 10°C.CONCLUSIONSWe conclude that the isolate was L. garvieae according to molecular identification and its growth characteristic at 10°C. Molecular analysis enabled the identification of this species, which was difficult to classify by biochemical tests. Blood facilities need to be prepared with multiple techniques, including genetic analysis techniques, for identifying contaminating bacterial species. L. garvieae can grow at 10°C and can contaminate both red blood cell concentrates and PCs; thus, this species should be listed as a cryophilic bacterium that could threaten blood safety.
Use of local noise power spectrum and wavelet analysis in quantitative image quality assurance for EPIDs
Authors: Lee Soyoung , Yan Guanghua , Bassett Philip , Gopal Arun , Samant Sanjiv 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:To investigate the use of local noise power spectrum (NPS) to characterize image noise and wavelet analysis to isolate defective pixels and inter‐subpanel flat‐fielding artifacts for quantitative quality assurance (QA) of electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs).Methods:A total of 93 image sets including custom‐made bar‐pattern images and open exposure images were collected from four iViewGT a‐Si EPID systems over three years. Global quantitative metrics such as modulation transform function (MTF), NPS, and detective quantum efficiency (DQE) were computed for each image set. Local NPS was also calculated for individual subpanels by sampling region of interests within each subpanel of the EPID. The 1D NPS, obtained by radially averaging the 2D NPS, was fitted to a power‐law function. The r‐square value of the linear regression analysis was used as a singular metric to characterize the noise properties of individual subpanels of the EPID. The sensitivity of the local NPS was first compared with the global quantitative metrics using historical image sets. It was then compared with two commonly used commercial QA systems with images collected after applying two different EPID calibration methods (single‐level gain and multilevel gain). To detect isolated defective pixels and inter‐subpanel flat‐fielding artifacts, Haar wavelet transform was applied on the images.Results:Global quantitative metrics including MTF, NPS, and DQE showed little change over the period of data collection. On the contrary, a strong correlation between the local NPS (r‐square values) and the variation of the EPID noise condition was observed. The local NPS analysis indicated image quality improvement with the r‐square values increased from 0.80 ± 0.03 (before calibration) to 0.85 ± 0.03 (after single‐level gain calibration) and to 0.96 ± 0.03 (after multilevel gain calibration), while the commercial QA systems failed to distinguish the image quality improvement between the two calibration methods. With wavelet analysis, defective pixels and inter‐subpanel flat‐fielding artifacts were clearly identified as spikes after thresholding the inversely transformed images.Conclusions:The proposed local NPS (r‐square values) showed superior sensitivity to the noise level variations of individual subpanels compared with global quantitative metrics such as MTF, NPS, and DQE. Wavelet analysis was effective in detecting isolated defective pixels and inter‐subpanel flat‐fielding artifacts. The proposed methods are promising for the early detection of imaging artifacts of EPIDs.
Ferrets Infected with Bundibugyo Virus or Ebola Virus Recapitulate Important Aspects of Human Filovirus Disease
Authors: Kozak Robert , He Shihua , Kroeker Andrea , de La Vega Marc-Antoine , Audet Jonathan , Wong Gary , Urfano Chantel , Antonation Kym , Embury-Hyatt Carissa , Kobinger Gary P. , Qiu Xiangguo 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is the etiological agent of a severe hemorrhagic fever in humans with a case-fatality rate ranging from 25 to 36%. Despite having been known to the scientific and medical communities for almost 1 decade, there is a dearth of studies on this pathogen due to the lack of a small animal model. Domestic ferrets are commonly used to study other RNA viruses, including members of the order
Mononegavirales
. To investigate whether ferrets were susceptible to filovirus infections, ferrets were challenged with a clinical isolate of BDBV. Animals became viremic within 4 days and succumbed to infection between 8 and 9 days, and a petechial rash was observed with moribund ferrets. Furthermore, several hallmarks of human filoviral disease were recapitulated in the ferret model, including substantial decreases in lymphocyte and platelet counts and dysregulation of key biochemical markers related to hepatic/renal function, as well as coagulation abnormalities. Virological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses confirmed uncontrolled BDBV replication in the major organs. Ferrets were also infected with Ebola virus (EBOV) to confirm their susceptibility to another filovirus species and to potentially establish a virus transmission model. Similar to what was seen with BDBV, important hallmarks of human filoviral disease were observed in EBOV-infected ferrets. This study demonstrates the potential of this small animal model for studying BDBV and EBOV using wild-type isolates and will accelerate efforts to understand filovirus pathogenesis and transmission as well as the development of specific vaccines and antivirals.

IMPORTANCE
The 2013-2016 outbreak of Ebola virus in West Africa has highlighted the threat posed by filoviruses to global public health. Bundibugyo virus (BDBV) is a member of the genus
Ebolavirus
and has caused outbreaks in the past but is relatively understudied, likely due to the lack of a suitable small animal model. Such a model for BDBV is crucial to evaluating vaccines and therapies and potentially understanding transmission. To address this, we demonstrated that ferrets are susceptible models to BDBV infection as well as to Ebola virus infection and that no virus adaptation is required. Moreover, these animals develop a disease that is similar to that seen in humans and nonhuman primates. We believe that this will improve the ability to study BDBV and provide a platform to test vaccines and therapeutics.
ITCH E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Interacts with Ebola Virus VP40 To Regulate Budding
Authors: Han Ziying , Sagum Cari A. , Bedford Mark T. , Sidhu Sachdev S. , Sudol Marius , Harty Ronald N. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Ebola virus (EBOV) and Marburg virus (MARV) belong to the
Filoviridae
family and can cause outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever, with high mortality rates in humans. The EBOV VP40 (eVP40) and MARV VP40 (mVP40) matrix proteins play a central role in virion assembly and egress, such that independent expression of VP40 leads to the production and egress of virus-like particles (VLPs) that accurately mimic the budding of infectious virus. Late (L) budding domains of eVP40 recruit host proteins (e.g., Tsg101, Nedd4, and Alix) that are important for efficient virus egress and spread. For example, the PPxY-type L domain of eVP40 and mVP40 recruits the host Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligase via its WW domains to facilitate budding. Here we sought to identify additional WW domain host interactors and demonstrate that the PPxY L domain motif of eVP40 interacts specifically with the WW domain of the host E3 ubiquitin ligase ITCH. ITCH, like Nedd4, is a member of the HECT class of E3 ubiquitin ligases, and the resultant physical and functional interaction with eVP40 facilitates VLP and virus budding. Identification of this novel eVP40 interactor highlights the functional interplay between cellular E3 ligases, ubiquitination, and regulation of VP40-mediated egress.

IMPORTANCE
The unprecedented magnitude and scope of the recent 2014-2015 EBOV outbreak in West Africa and its emergence here in the United States and other countries underscore the critical need for a better understanding of the biology and pathogenesis of this emerging pathogen. We have identified a novel and functional EBOV VP40 interactor, ITCH, that regulates VP40-mediated egress. This virus-host interaction may represent a new target for our previously identified small-molecule inhibitors of virus egress.