bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between the triglycerides standardization of routine methods used in Japan and the chromotropic acid reference measurement procedure used by the CDC Lipid Standardization Programme
Authors: Nakamura Masakazu , Iso Hiroyasu , Kitamura Akihiko , Imano Hironori , Noda Hiroyuki , Kiyama Masahiko , Sato Shinichi , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Nishimura Kunihiro , Nakai Michikazu , Vesper Hubert W , Teramoto Tamio , Miyamoto Yoshihiro 
Published: December 2015

Background The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ensured adequate performance of the routine triglycerides methods used in Japan by a chromotropic acid reference measurement procedure used by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lipid standardization programme as a reference point. We examined standardized data to clarify the performance of routine triglycerides methods. Methods The two routine triglycerides methods were the fluorometric method of Kessler and Lederer and the enzymatic method. The methods were standardized using 495 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference pools with 98 different concentrations ranging between 0.37 and 5.15 mmol/L in 141 survey runs. The triglycerides criteria for laboratories which perform triglycerides analyses are used: accuracy, as bias ≤5% from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference value and precision, as measured by CV, ≤5%. Results The correlation of the bias of both methods to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference method was: y (%bias) = 0.516 × (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference value) −1.292 ( n = 495, R2 = 0.018). Triglycerides bias at medical decision points of 1.13, 1.69 and 2.26 mmol/L was −0.71%, −0.42% and −0.13%, respectively. For the combined precision, the equation y (CV) = −0.398 × (triglycerides value) + 1.797 ( n = 495, R2 = 0.081) was used. Precision was 1.35%, 1.12% and 0.90%, respectively. It was shown that triglycerides measurements at Osaka were stable for 36 years. Conclusions The epidemiologic laboratory in Japan met acceptable accuracy goals for 88.7% of all samples, and met acceptable precision goals for 97.8% of all samples measured through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention lipid standardization programme and demonstrated stable results for an extended period of time.
Gelatinase activity imaged by activatable cell-penetrating peptides in cell-based and in vivo models of stroke
Authors: Chen Shanyan , Cui Jiankun , Jiang Tao , Olson Emilia S , Cai Quan-Yu , Yang Ming , Wu Wei , Guthrie James M , Robertson JD , Lipton Stuart A , Ma Lixin , Tsien Roger Y , Gu Zezong 
Published: December 2015

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), particularly gelatinases (MMP-2/-9), are involved in neurovascular impairment after stroke. Detection of gelatinase activity in vivo can provide insight into blood–brain barrier disruption, hemorrhage, and nerve cell injury or death. We applied gelatinase-activatable cell-penetrating peptides (ACPP) with a cleavable l-amino acid linker to examine gelatinase activity in primary neurons in culture and ischemic mouse brain in vivo. We found uptake of Cy5-conjugated ACPP (ACPP-Cy5) due to gelatinase activation both in cultured neurons exposed to n-methyl-d-aspartate and in mice after cerebral ischemia. Fluorescence intensity was significantly reduced when cells or mice were treated with MMP inhibitors or when a cleavage-resistant ACPP-Cy5 was substituted. We also applied an ACPP dendrimer (ACPPD) conjugated with multiple Cy5 and/or gadolinium moieties for fluorescence and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in intact animals. Fluorescence analysis showed that ACPPD was detected in sub-femtomole range in ischemic tissues. Moreover, MRI and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry revealed that ACPPD produced quantitative measures of gelatinase activity in the ischemic region. The resulting spatial pattern of gelatinase activity and neurodegeneration were very similar. We conclude that ACPPs are capable of tracing spatiotemporal gelatinase activity in vivo, and will therefore be useful in elucidating mechanisms of gelatinase-mediated neurodegeneration after stroke.
The Effect of Danazol in Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Liu Wenjie , Gu Xueping , Fu Rongfeng , Li Yang , Lv Mingen , Sun Tiantian , Lv Cuicui , Liu Xiaofan , Xue Feng , Zhang Lei , Yang Renchi 
Published: December 2015

Aim: This study assessed the long-term benefits and side effects of low-to-medium dose of danazol therapy in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Methods: The retrospective analysis included 319 patients with ITP who accepted danazol therapy. Patients accepted danazol alone or in combination with glucocorticoids. Clinical outcome and tolerance were assessed in all patients. Results: Among patients with persistent or chronic ITP, the overall response rate of danazol therapy was 65.0%. Sixty-five (63.1%) of the 103 patients reached remission with danazol alone, and 93 (48.7%) of the 191 patients who accepted combination therapies acquired remission and discontinued glucocorticoids successfully. Age and previous treatments were 2 risk factors for response rate. In newly diagnosed patients with ITP, the response rate and median response time did not differ significantly with or without danazol. However, the relapse rate was significantly lower in patients administered danazol combined with glucocorticoids than those accepted glucocorticoids alone. Totally, 21.1% of the patients experienced mild or moderate side effects, and 1.2% of the patients discontinued treatment due to intolerable side effects. Conclusion: Low-to-medium dosage of danazol is better tolerated and effective in patients with ITP, even in those refractory to other treatments. Combination of danazol and glucocorticoids for initial treatment may decrease relapse rates to achieve well-tolerated long-term remission.
Discordant bone marrow involvement in non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Brudno Jennifer , Tadmor Tamar , Pittaluga Stefania , Nicolae Alina , Polliack Aaron , Dunleavy Kieron 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
A discordant lymphoma occurs where 2 distinct histologic subtypes coexist in at least 2 separate anatomic sites. Histologic discordance is most commonly observed between the bone marrow (BM) and lymph nodes (LNs), where typically aggressive lymphoma is found in a LN biopsy with indolent lymphoma in a BM biopsy. Although the diagnosis of discordance relied heavily on histopathology alone in the past, the availability of flow cytometry and molecular studies have aided the identification of this entity. The true prevalence and clinical ramifications of discordance remain controversial as available data are principally retrospective, and there is therefore little consensus to guide optimal management strategies. In this review, we examine the available literature on discordant lymphoma and its outcome, and discuss current therapeutic approaches. Future studies in discordant lymphoma should ideally focus on a large series of patients with adequate tissue samples and incorporate molecular analyses.
Towards breed formation by island model divergence in Korean cattle
Authors: Strucken Eva M. , Lee Seung H. , Jang Gul W. , Porto-Neto Laercio R. , Gondro Cedric 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundThe main cattle breed in Korea is the brown Hanwoo, which has been under artificial selection within a national breeding program for several decades. Varieties of the Hanwoo known as Jeju Black and Chikso were not included in the breeding program and remained isolated from the effects of recent artificial selection advancements. We analysed the Jeju Black and Chikso populations in regards to their genetic variability, state of inbreeding, as well as level of differentiation from the mainland Hanwoo population.ResultsJeju Black and Chikso were found to have small estimated effective population sizes (Ne) of only 11 and 7, respectively. Despite a smallNe, higher than expected heterozygosity levels were observed (0.303 and 0.306), however, lower allelic richness was found for the two island populations (1.76 and 1.77) compared to the mainland population (1.81). The increase in heterozygosity could be due to environmental disease challenges that promoted maintenance of higher genetic variability; however, no direct proof exists. Increased heterozygosity due to a first generation crossing of genetically different populations is not recorded. The differentiation between the Korean populations hadFSTvalues between 0.014 and 0.036 which is not as high as the differentiation within European beef or dairy cattle breeds (0.047–0.111). This suggests that the three populations have not separated into independent breeds.ConclusionResults agree with an island model of speciation where the brown Hanwoo represents the ancestral breed, whilst the Jeju Black and Chikso diverge from this common ancestor, following different evolutionary trajectories. Nevertheless, differences are minor and whether Jeju Black and Chikso cattle will develop into discrete breeds or reintegrate with the main population has to be seen in the future and will largely depend on human management decisions. This offers a rare opportunity to accompany the development of new breeds but also poses challenges on how to preserve these incipient breeds and ensure their long term viability.
An embryological perspective on the early arthropod fossil record
Authors: Chipman Ariel D. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundOur understanding of the early evolution of the arthropod body plan has recently improved significantly through advances in phylogeny and developmental biology and through new interpretations of the fossil record. However, there has been limited effort to synthesize data from these different sources. Bringing an embryological perspective into the fossil record is a useful way to integrate knowledge from different disciplines into a single coherent view of arthropod evolution.ResultsI have used current knowledge on the development of extant arthropods, together with published descriptions of fossils, to reconstruct the germband stages of a series of key taxa leading from the arthropod lower stem group to crown group taxa. These reconstruction highlight the main evolutionary transitions that have occurred during early arthropod evolution, provide new insights into the types of mechanisms that could have been active and suggest new questions and research directions.ConclusionsThe reconstructions suggest several novel homology hypotheses – e.g. the lower stem group head shield and head capsules in the crown group are all hypothesized to derive from the embryonic head lobes. The homology of anterior segments in different groups is resolved consistently. The transition between “lower-stem” and “upper-stem” arthropods is highlighted as a major transition with a concentration of novelties and innovations, suggesting a gap in the fossil record. A close relationship between chelicerates and megacheirans is supported by the embryonic reconstructions, and I suggest that the depth of the mandibulate-chelicerate split should be reexamined.
Evaluation of the mechanisms of intron loss and gain in the social amoebae Dictyostelium
Authors: Ma Ming-Yue , Che Xun-Ru , Porceddu Andrea , Niu Deng-Ke 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
Spliceosomal introns are a common feature of eukaryotic genomes. To approach a comprehensive understanding of intron evolution on Earth, studies should look beyond repeatedly studied groups such as animals, plants, and fungi. The slime mold Dictyostelium belongs to a supergroup of eukaryotes not covered in previous studies.

Results
We found 441 precise intron losses in Dictyostelium discoideum and 202 precise intron losses in Dictyostelium purpureum. Consistent with these observations, Dictyostelium discoideum was found to have significantly more copies of reverse transcriptase genes than Dictyostelium purpureum. We also found that the lost introns are significantly further from the 5′ end of genes than the conserved introns. Adjacent introns were prone to be lost simultaneously in Dictyostelium discoideum. In both Dictyostelium species, the exonic sequences flanking lost introns were found to have a significantly higher GC content than those flanking conserved introns. Together, these observations support a reverse-transcription model of intron loss in which intron losses were caused by gene conversion between genomic DNA and cDNA reverse transcribed from mature mRNA. We also identified two imprecise intron losses in Dictyostelium discoideum that may have resulted from genomic deletions. Ninety-eight putative intron gains were also observed. Consistent with previous studies of other lineages, the source sequences were found in only a small number of cases, with only two instances of intron gain identified in Dictyostelium discoideum.

Conclusions
Although they diverged very early from animals and fungi, Dictyostelium species have similar mechanisms of intron loss.
Molecular imaging for stem cell therapy in the brain
Authors: Sandu Nora , Chowdhury Tumul , Schaller Bernhard 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMolecular imaging is one of the methods to follow-up stem cell therapy by visualization in the brain. In a recent article in Stem Cell Research & Therapy, Micci et al. offer a thorough discussion of the advantages and disadvantages of this method and their roles in the future. The authors are among the very first who have implemented recently introduced molecular imaging techniques in experimental research and clinical practice.
Association of adiponectin and metabolic syndrome in adolescents: the caspian- III study
Authors: Shafiee Gita , Ahadi Zeinab , Qorbani Mostafa , Kelishadi Roya , Ziauddin Hassan , Larijani Bagher , Heshmat Ramin 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Background
This study aimed to investigate the associations between metabolic syndrome (Mets) and adiponectin concentrations in Iranian adolescents.

Methods
This study was conducted as a sub-study of a national school- based surveillance program in 10–18 year- old students from 27 provinces in Iran. Plasma adiponectin was measured in 180 randomly selected participants. Metabolic syndrome (Mets) was defined based on the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP- III) criteria modified for the pediatric age group. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between adiponectin and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Results
The median of adiponectin concentrations was significantly lower among participants with Mets [2.95 μg/ml (interquartile range 2.72–3.30)] compared with subjects without Mets [4.55 μg/ml (interquartile range 3.02–5.75)]. Adiponectin showed significant negative association with higher number of Mets components (P- trend < 0.05). Significant correlations were observed between adiponectin concentrations and metabolic parameters, except blood pressure.
Significant inverse association existed between adiponectin levels and presence of Mets (OR, 0.21; 95%CI: 0.10–0.45; p < 0.001). In multivariate models, this association remained significant after adjustment for other risk factors (OR, 0.18; 95%CI: 0.07–0.47; p < 0.001.

Conclusions
Adiponectinhas inverse association with cardiometabolic parameters in Iranian adolescents, and it is a determinant of Mets independent of other risk factors. These findings can be used in comparison with other ethnic groups. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to assess the clinical impact of such inverse association.
College men’s fashion: clothing preference, identity, and avoidance
Authors: Noh Mijeong , Li Meng , Martin Kaleb , Purpura Joseph 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe goal of our exploratory study was to investigate what fashion means to college men in terms of preference, identity, and avoidance. Specifically, we aimed to determine what young men want to achieve as well as avoid through their clothing. We interviewed 15 college men to collect data. This exploratory study revealed that the male college students who participated in this study desire clothing that is comfortable, gives them confidence, and meets the expectations of their surroundings. The results suggest that college men’s fashion preferences are driven largely by a desire for comfort and adherence to norms. Moreover, the study participants avoided certain types of clothing due to the clothing’s incongruence with their styles. Their aversion to clothing that could be perceived as alternative, gangster, or gay indicates that these men strived to avoid clothing that conveys identities viewed as non-conformist, non-professional, or unusual. In line with our findings, we encourage universities to educate students in order to prevent them from holding negative stereotypes against African Americans and homosexuals. Continued educational efforts could be made through courses that curtail aversion to underrepresented ethnic groups.
Evaluation of benefit to patients of training mental health professionals in suicide guidelines: Cluster randomised trial
Authors: de Beurs Derek P. , de Groot Marieke H. , de Keijser Jos , van Duijn Erik , de Winter Remco F. P. , Kerkhof Ad J. F. M. 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundRandomised studies examining the effect on patients of training professionals in adherence to suicide guidelines are scarce.AimsTo assess whether patients benefited from the training of professionals in adherence to suicide guidelines.MethodIn total 45 psychiatric departments were randomised (Dutch trial register: NTR3092). In the intervention condition, all staff in the departments were trained with an e-learning supported train-the-trainer programme. After the intervention, patients were assessed at admission and at 3-month follow-up. Primary outcome was change in suicide ideation, assessed with the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation.ResultsFor the total group of 566 patients with a positive score on the Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation at baseline, intention-to-treat analysis showed no effects of the intervention on patient outcomes at 3-month follow-up. Patients who were suicidal with a DSM-IV diagnosis of depression (n= 154) showed a significant decrease in suicide ideation when treated in the intervention group. Patients in the intervention group more often reported that suicidality was discussed during treatment.ConclusionsOverall, no effect of our intervention on patients was found. However, we did find a beneficial effect of the training of professionals on patients with depression.
The Gas2 family protein Pigs is a microtubule +TIP that affects cytoskeleton organisation
Authors: Girdler Gemma C. , Applewhite Derek A. , Perry Wick M. G. , Rogers Stephen L. , Röper Katja 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACT
Coordination between different cytoskeletal systems is crucial for many cell biological functions, including cell migration and mitosis, and also plays an important role during tissue morphogenesis. Proteins of the class of cytoskeletal crosslinkers, or cytolinkers, have the ability to interact with more than one cytoskeletal system at a time and are prime candidates to mediate any coordination. One such class comprises the Gas2-like proteins, combining a conserved calponin-homology-type actin-binding domain and a Gas2 domain predicted to bind microtubules (MTs). This domain combination is also found in spectraplakins, huge cytolinkers that play important roles in many tissues in both invertebrates and vertebrates. Here, we dissect the ability of the single Drosophila Gas2-like protein Pigs to interact with both actin and MT cytoskeletons, both in vitro and in vivo, and illustrate complex regulatory interactions that determine the localisation of Pigs to and its effects on the cytoskeleton.
Disproportional Control Rights and the Governance Role of Debt
Authors: Dey Aiyesha , Nikolaev Valeri , Wang Xue 
Published: December 2015

We examine the governance role of debt in the context of U.S.-based dual class ownership structures. We hypothesize that the use of debt alleviates the conflict between shareholder classes by balancing the power of controlling insiders. We document that dual class firms have higher leverage and a greater propensity to issue private debt; they also more frequently use cash sweeps and performance-based covenants. Dual class firms with greater agency conflicts and a greater need to access the capital market appear to rely more extensively on debt. These findings are consistent with controlling insiders bonding against the agency costs associated with dual class ownership. The governance role of debt is further corroborated by the valuation effect of debt for dual class companies. Private debt issuances trigger greater positive market reactions to the inferior dual class stock in relation to both the superior dual class stock and a matched sample of single class firms. Further, leverage attenuates the previously documented adverse effect of dual class status on Tobin’s q. Taken together, our analyses suggest that dual class firms use debt as a complementary governance mechanism.This paper was accepted by Mary Barth, accounting.
The Determinants and Impact of Executive-Firm Matches
Authors: Pan Yihui 
Published: December 2015

I estimate a model of executive-firm matching, in which both components of the executive labor market outcome—the assignment of managers to firms and the cross-sectional distribution of executive pay—are endogenously determined. Results in this paper reveal the importance of match specificity in productivity, driven by complementarities between firm and manager attributes. Therefore, one reason that larger, more diversified, research-intensive firms pay their executives more is because they are assortatively matched with managers that are talented, have more cross-industry experience, and are prone to innovation. More important, they outbid competing firms for these managers because they enjoy higher marginal productivity from given managerial skills. Announcement abnormal returns and executive tenure duration are both higher for matches with higher estimated productivity, suggesting mutual benefits for both the firms and the managers from assortative matching. This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Female sexuality as cultural blockage in Ingmar Bergman’s 1960s Spanish reception
Authors: Garnemark Rosario 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Spanish film censors from the 1960s praised Ingmar Bergman for his religious films. However, they were not able to overlook his depictions of female sexuality, which were considered unacceptable and submitted to what Stephen Greenblatt terms ‘cultural blockage’. This short piece presents two examples of how Bergman’s filmography was manipulated accordingly.
Hardcore education: The case of Sexual Freedom in Denmark
Authors: Schaefer Eric 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
This article addresses John Lamb’s Sexual Freedom in Denmark (Von Hellen, 1970), an American film that explored the liberalization of censorship in Denmark in the late 1960s while advocating for similar changes in the United States. Lamb used explicit sexual imagery with educational material to promote enlightened attitudes. The film was a box office success and became a popular tool with teachers while paving the way for hardcore movies on American screens.