bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kant on Modalities and Justification
Authors: Osborne Nicolas 
Published: September 2017

Abstract:This paper studies the Kantian conception of modality of judgement. After making some general considerations about the text following the table of the forms of judgement, I will take an historical perspective which will point out that the central concept for the definition of the modality of judgement is the copula. Then, after explaining the distinction between two conceptions of the copula, namely the formal conception and the transcendental one, I will argue for the second one. Finally, I will define each of the three modalities of judgement in relation to the justification the judger is able to give for her judgement.
Organomonophosphanes in PtP2X2 (X=Br, I, SeL, SiL or TeL): structural aspects
Authors: Melník Milan , Mikuš Peter , Krajčiová Dominika 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis review includes more than 100 monomeric derivatives in which the Pt(II) atom is in a distorted square planar environment with inner coordination spheres of PtP
Body Shape and Coloration of Silkworm Larvae Are Influenced by a Novel Cuticular Protein
Authors: Xiong Gao , Tong Xiaoling , Gai Tingting , Li Chunlin , Qiao Liang , Monteiro Antónia , Hu Hai , Han Minjin , Ding Xin , Wu Songyuan , Xiang Zhonghuai , Lu Cheng , Dai Fangyin 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBody shape and color patterns of insect larvae are fundamental traits for survival. Typically, transcription factors or members of signaling pathways...The genetic basis of body shape and coloration patterns on caterpillars is often assumed to be regulated separately, but it is possible that common molecules affect both types of trait simultaneously. Here we examine the genetic basis of a spontaneous cuticle defect in silkworm, where larvae exhibit a bamboo-like body shape and decreased pigmentation. We performed linkage mapping and mutation screening to determine the gene product that affects body shape and coloration simultaneously. In these mutant larvae we identified a null mutation in BmorCPH24, a gene encoding a cuticular protein with low complexity sequence. Spatiotemporal expression analyses showed that BmorCPH24 is expressed in the larval epidermis postecdysis. RNAi-mediated knockdown and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of BmorCPH24 produced the abnormal body shape and the inhibited pigment typical of the mutant phenotype. In addition, our results showed that BmorCPH24 may be involved in the synthesis of endocuticle and its disruption-induced apoptosis of epidermal cells that accompanied the reduced expression of R&R-type larval cuticle protein genes and pigmentation gene Wnt1. Strikingly, BmorCPH24, a fast-evolving gene, has evolved a new function responsible for the assembly of silkworm larval cuticle and has evolved to be an indispensable factor maintaining the larval body shape and its coloration pattern. This is the first study to identify a molecule whose pleiotropic function affects the development of body shape and color patterns in insect larvae.
A CONSERVAÇÃO DAS VARIEDADES CRIOULAS PARA A SOBERANIA ALIMENTAR DE AGRICULTORES: ANÁLISE PRELIMINAR DE CONTEXTOS E CASOS NO BRASIL E NO MÉXICO
Authors: Pereira Viviane Camejo , López Pedro Antonio , Dal Soglio Fabio Kessler 
Published: September 2017

Este estudo discute três iniciativas para a conservação das variedades crioulas promovendo a soberania alimentar de famílias agricultoras e camponesas no Brasil e no México. Por meio de entrevistas e de observação participante menciona-se os programas de Guardiões de Sementes Crioulas no Rio Grande do Sul, o Banco Comunitário de Sementes na Paraíba, Brasil e o Programa de Custódios do Milho Crioulo no estado de Puebla no México como iniciativas que fomentam com que os agricultores conservem os recursos fitogenéticos em suas próprias propriedades com prioridade para aqueles que são mais consumidos pela família e na propriedade rural. As iniciativas configuram-se como fomento a soberania alimentar das famílias conservando a agrobiodiversidade e garantindo o reconhecimento aos agricultores guardiões e custódios. Além disso conferem autonomia produtiva e alimentar como por meio dos bancos de sementes em que os próprios agricultores gerenciam a armazenagem. A união entre agricultores e mediadores como a extensão rural e a acadêmica e o Estado são essenciais para o fomento e eficácia dos programas para a conservação das variedades crioulas como estratégia para a soberania alimentar das comunidades rurais.
Sistemas de espaços livres e esfera pública em metrópoles brasileiras
Authors: Queiroga Eugênio Fernandes 
Published: September 2017

Os sistemas de espaços livres constituem um fundamental complexo para os processos de produção do meio urbano e da reprodução da vida nas cidades. Apresentam-se resultados de pesquisa sobre relações entre sistemas de espaços livres e esfera pública em metrópoles brasileiras, onde se afirma a importância de ambos - espaço livre e esfera pública – para a qualidade da vida metropolitana.
Nas tramas do sub-emprego: precarização do trabalho dos catadores de recicláveis na dinâmica territorial de Bragança Paulista (SP)
Authors: Berenguel Orlando Leonardo 
Published: September 2017

Este artigo parte da idéia de que a crise ambiental urbana e a excessiva geração de resíduos sólidos tem motivado uma série de conflitos e disputas no que tange ao lixo urbano. Procura compreender o trabalho de catadores de recicláveis em Bragança Paulista - SP. O catador de recicláveis é tratado neste estudo com sujeito que depende dos resíduos para a sua sobrevivência. Discute-se a existência de uma precarização das relações de trabalho tais como: falta de estrutura física, equipamentos, registro em carteira de trabalho. Pode-se perceber que o catador nem sempre é um habitante, ou seja, não tem o devido reconhecimento de cidadania. É constantemente tomado por um indivíduo marginal, ou seja às margens das relações estabelecidas nas cidades, em que os direitos não são assegurados mas os deveres devidamente cumpridos.
Vidas de jovens militantes
Authors: Guimarães Áurea Maria 
Published: September 2017

Esse artigo é fruto de uma pesquisa realizada no período de 2007 a 2010, junto a jovens militantes da cidade de Campinas, com o objetivo de compreender as diferentes maneiras que conduziam esses jovens tanto a reproduzir um modelo de vida quanto a criar outras possibilidades de militância na relação com os seus heróis ou modelos de referência.
Bento Quirino e Cotuca: os passos do ensino profissional em Campinas
Authors: Cruz Lúcia Pedroso da 
Published: September 2017

Este trabalho apresenta uma (re)construção histórica de duas instituições de Ensino Profissional do município de Campinas, São Paulo. Ambas ocuparam, em tempos diferentes, um edifício especialmente construído para o funcionamento de uma escola de formação profissional, no início do século XX. O Instituto Profissional Bento Quirino ali funcionou de 1915 a 1965. O Colégio Técnico da Unicamp (Cotuca) iniciou suas atividades em 1967, teve sua instalação oficializada em 1970 e ainda permanece no local. Portanto, o estudo delimitou um recorte temporal de 1915 a 1970.
Influence of Soil Moisture and Land Use History on Denitrification End‐Products
Authors: Bergsma Timothy T. , Robertson G. Philip , Ostrom Nathaniel E. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTWe investigated the effects of recent moisture history on the relative production of N2O and N2 during denitrification in soil from cropped and successional ecosystems. The soils were pedogenically identical but had been managed differently for the past decade. Sieved soils were amended with nitrate, glucose, and water. Long‐wet and short‐wet incubations received 80 and 0%, respectively, of prescribed water 2 d before incubation and the rest just before incubation. The N2O and N2 production and N2O mole fraction (N2O/[N2O + N2]) were measured using acetylene inhibition. The N2 production and soil 15N enrichment were measured by 15N‐gas evolution. The response of N2O mole fraction to moisture history differed by ecosystem. Mean N2O mole fraction in the successional system was about the same for long‐wet and short‐wet treatments (0.34 and 0.33, respectively). For the cropped system, however, the N2O mole fraction was 0.36 for the long‐wet and 0.90 for the short‐wet treatment. Thus, in the cropped system a much smaller proportion of end product was N2O if soil had been wet for 2 d. For N2 fluxes, the isotope method gave the same pattern (r = 0.92) but only about one‐third the magnitude, suggesting that N2 derived from two distinct pools. Differences in response of N2O mole fraction for successional and cropped soils may be due to differences in microbial communities. Further knowledge of ecosystem differences with respect to N2O mole fraction and recent moisture history may improve modeled estimates of local and global N2O fluxes.
Air Pollution by Concrete Dust from the Great Hanshin Earthquake
Authors: Gotoh Takao , Nishimura Takashi , Nakata Minoru , Nakaguchi Yuzuru , Hiraki Keizo 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTAir pollution in the areas affected by the Great Hanshin Earthquake (Hyogo, Japan) of 17 Jan. 1995 was quite serious. We performed three investigations of dust. In the first investigation, we measured the total suspended particulate (TSP) concentration in the greatly damaged areas, located around the Sannomiya Station where a few hundred thousand people walked by during the daytime of 3 February. The maximum concentration at five points reached 150 μg/m3 In the second investigation, eight samples, which were classified into three groups (concrete, mortar, and soil dusts) as sources, were analyzed elementally by X‐ray fluorescence. The elements found in concrete dust (Ca and S) were similar to those found in mortar dust. These differed from those found in soil dust (Ti, Fe, and Zr). The elements found in soil dust were important from the viewpoint of heavy metal contamination. In the third investigation, the alkalinity of concrete dust was observed by dissolution. This solution was equivalent to pH 11 to 12 and electrical conductivity 20 to 30 μS/m. We suspect that the alkaline component in the dust from debris in all the devastated areas was approximately comparable with the alkaline solution by which the acid rain falling over the Hanshin district of Osaka Megalopolis in one year could be neutralized into water of pH 7.0.
Effect of Roundup Ultra on Microbial Activity and Biomass from Selected Soils
Authors: Haney R.L. , Senseman S.A. , Hons F.M. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTHerbicides applied to soils potentially affect soil microbial activity. The quantity and frequency of Roundup Ultra [RU; N‐(phosphonomethyl)glycine; Monsanto, St. Louis, MO] applications have escalated with the advent of Roundup‐tolerant crops. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Roundup Ultra on soil microbial biomass and activity across a range of soils varying in fertility. The isoproplyamine salt of glyphosate was applied in the form of RU at a rate of 234 mg active ingredient kg−1 soil based on an assumed 2‐mm glyphosate–soil interaction depth. Roundup Ultra significantly stimulated soil microbial activity as measured by C and N mineralization, as well as soil microbial biomass. Cumulative C mineralization as well as mineralization rate increased above background levels for all soils tested with addition of RU. There were strong linear relationships between C and N mineralized, as well as between soil microbial C and N (r2 = 0.96 and 0.95, respectively). The slopes of the relationships with RU addition approximated three. Since the isopropylamine salt of glyphosate has a C to N ratio of 3:1, the data strongly suggest that RU was the direct cause of the enhanced microbial activity. An increase in the C mineralization rate occurred the first day following RU addition and continued for 14 d. Roundup Ultra appeared to be rapidly degraded by soil microbes regardless of soil type or organic matter content, even at high application rates, without adversely affecting microbial activity.
Contamination Time Effect on Lead and Cadmium Fractionation in a Tropical Coastal Clay
Authors: Lim Teik‐Thye , Tay Joo‐Hwa , Teh Cee‐Ing 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe capability of a tropical coastal clay to immobilize lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) was investigated in laboratory batch sorption tests conducted under acidic, neutral, and slightly alkaline conditions. The contact time was extended to 65 d. The distribution of Pb and Cd among various sorbed phases was examined using a sequential extraction technique. The sorbed phases were fractionated into the exchangeable, carbonate, reducible, organic, and residual fractions. There were only small changes in the total Pb and Cd sorption beyond a 1‐d sorption period. The metal fractionation results show that the amount of Pb and Cd in various fractions changed with sorption time, and the changes were pH‐dependent. These changes could be attributed to mineral dissolution and transformation or redistribution of the sorbed phases. Transformation of the sorbed phases resulted in increasing Pb and Cd retention in the more persistent fractions with time, at the expense of reductions in the loosely bound fractions. Nevertheless, Pb and Cd fractionation in the solid phase appeared to reach equilibrium within the 65‐d sorption period. These Pb and Cd fractionation results reflect the effect of contamination time on the heavy metal lability and bioavailability in the subsurface environment.
Limnological Effects of Wood Ash Application to the Subcatchments of Boreal, Humic Lakes
Authors: Tulonen Tiina , Arvola Lauri , Ollila Susanna 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTTo assess environmental risks of wood ash, limnological effects of ash application to the drainage basins of two small, humic lakes and one reference lake in southern Finland were examined in this three‐year study. Treated areas corresponded to 12 and 19% of the total catchment and the amount of wood ash added was 6400 kg ha−1 Immediate effects of wood ash on lake water were investigated in three tank experiments each lasting 1.5 wk. In tank experiments, addition of wood ash increased pH, alkalinity, conductivity, and Ca and P concentrations of humic lake water, while growth of phytoplankton decreased. After wood ash application to the subcatchments, pH, alkalinity, conductivity, and concentrations of K+, SO2−4, and Cl− slightly increased, both in inflowing waters and in the lakes, but no increased leaching of Ca, N, or P from the treated subcatchments occurred. Phytoplankton biomass increased in both experimental lakes in comparison with the reference lake. In the lake with 19% application rate to the catchment, zooplankton biomass also increased. The results indicate that, over the short term, a small‐scale ash treatment to a forested drainage basin will not necessarily cause significant changes in the water quality of boreal humic lakes, but at higher application rates, changes in water chemistry and biology are more evident.
Poultry Litter Ash as a Potential Phosphorus Source for Agricultural Crops
Authors: Codling Eton E. , Chaney Rufus L. , Sherwell John 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTMaryland will impose restrictions on poultry litter application to soils with excessive P by the year 2005. Alternative uses for poultry litter are being considered, including burning as a fuel to generate electricity. The resulting ash contains high levels of total P, but the availability for crop uptake has not been reported. Our objective was to compare the effectiveness of poultry litter ash (PLA) and potassium phosphate (KP) as a P source for wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in acidic soils, without and with limestone application. Two acidic soils (pH 4.25 and 4.48) were studied, unlimed or limed to pH 6.5 before cropping. The PLA and KP were applied at 0, 39, and 78 kg P ha−1, after which wheat was grown. Limestone significantly increased wheat yield, but the P sources without limestone did not. The two P sources were not significantly different as P fertilizer. At the 78 kg P ha−1 rate, wheat shoot–P concentrations were 1.10 and 1.12 g kg−1 for the PLA treatment compared with 0.90 and 0.89 g kg−1 for KP in the nonlimed and limed soils, respectively. Trace element concentrations in wheat shoots from the PLA treatment were less than or equal to KP and the control. The low levels of water‐soluble P and metals in the soils and the low metal concentrations in wheat suggest that PLA is an effective P fertilizer. Further studies are needed to determine the optimum application rate of PLA as a P fertilizer.
The Semiotic Study on Sasak Sufism Reflected in A Novel Sanggarguri by Lalu Agus Fathurrahman
Authors: Asyari Hasyim 
Published: September 2017

The pivotal issues of this research are (a) how the signs of Sasak Sufism is reflected in novel Sanggarguri was written by Lalu Agus Fathurrahman, (b) how the Sufism role is implemented in Sasak community in modern life, (c) how the Sufism is somehow entangled with literacy learning. Thus, this study intends to interpret the meaning of sufist signs that are reflected in the novel, to study the role of Sufism in Sasak modern society, and to analyze any entanglement of Sufism with literacy learning in senior high school. The research is qualitative research with the descriptive analytic mode. Data collection is done with through library study together with a direct in-depth interview method to several prominent Sasak figures who understand Sasak Sufism as well as some teachers and students serving as the respondents in order to find how the entanglement of Sasak sufistic values properly inserted in the literature learning at senior high schools. In its process, this research assesses signs of Sasak Sufism by using the theory of semiotics and, afterward, endeavors to describe its relation to the literature learning. As one of the literary work holding local characteristic and theme, this novel contains a series of symbols and values upon culture, religiosity, and Sufism owned by Sasak people so they can be used as inspiration to maintain Sasak wisdom as their own identity. Sufism in Sasak community is a paradigm or a way of thinking and behavior for Sasak people in looking their selfnesses as God’s creatures and their relationship with other creatures living in the world.
Monitoreo de la degradación forestal en México con base en el inventario nacional forestal y de suelos (Infys)
Authors: Leyva-Ovalle Ángel , Valdez-Lazalde José René , De los Santos-Posadas Héctor Manuel , Martínez-Trinidad Tomas , Herrera-Corredor José Andrés , Lugo-Espinosa Oziel , García-Nava José Rodolfo 
Published: September 2017

Existen muchas definiciones de degradación forestal. Sin embargo, la mayoría no son operativas dado que no proponen variables para medirla. Su medición es compleja; evaluarla implica comparar el estatus del bosque en un momento dado con un estado previo (condición de referencia o línea base). El reto del seguimiento (monitoreo) de la degradación inicia con su definición y con la identificación de la línea base. En este trabajo se propone un índice general de degradación (IGD) para evaluar la degradación forestal que ocurre en México en el periodo que transcurre entre mediciones del Inventario Nacional Forestal y de Suelos (Infys). El IGD está compuesto de indicadores que toman como insumo la base de datos del Infys. Paralelamente, el estudio pretende construir una línea base que permita dar seguimiento a la degradación forestal en años futuros. Los resultados a escala de entidad federativa indican que los estados de Puebla, Veracruz, Morelos y Colima no muestran evidencia global de procesos de degradación en el periodo evaluado. Contrariamente, Querétaro, Tamaulipas y el D.F. (Ciudad de México) registran cierto proceso de degradación. El valor del IGD ponderado a escala nacional indica que, en general, para los periodos evaluados de cinco años (e.g. 2004-2009, 2005-2010, etc.) los ecosistemas del país no registran procesos considerables de degradación, es decir, el valor obtenido del IGD es igual al valor de referencia. Sin embargo, a escala local es posible identificar áreas severamente degradadas o incluso deforestadas.
Espuma fenólica de célula abierta hidratada como medio para mitigar estrés hídrico en plántulas de Pinus leiophylla
Authors: Palacios-Romero Abraham , Rodríguez-Laguna Rodrigo , Razo Zárate Ramón , Meza-Rangel Joel , Prieto-García Francisco , Hernández Flores María de la Luz 
Published: September 2017

El presente estudio tiene por objetivo determinar el efecto de la espuma fenólica de célula abierta como mecanismo para mitigar el estrés hídrico en plantas de Pinus leiophylla en condiciones de invernadero. Se estableció un ensayo en el que se aplicaron cuatro tratamientos con diferente volumen de espuma fenólica como sustrato y un testigo. Se evaluó semanalmente supervivencia, crecimiento en altura, diámetro e incremento en biomasa. Se encontraron diferencias significativas en el tiempo de supervivencia entre los tratamientos; la supervivencia de 50% de los individuos se incrementó en hasta seis y siete semanas más al utilizar espuma fenólica hidratada de 462 cm3 y 616 cm3, respectivamente, con respecto al testigo. En cuanto a crecimiento en altura y diámetro, el testigo nuevamente presentó el menor crecimiento en altura y diámetro (29.5 cm y 4.1 mm, respectivamente) con respecto al resto de los tratamientos, mientras que las plantas con espuma de 462 cm3 presentaron el mayor crecimiento en altura y diámetro (33.5 cm y 5.1 mm, respectivamente). Para el caso de biomasa, las plantas con espuma de 308 cm3 presentaron el menor valor con respecto a aquellas con espuma de 616 cm3 y testigo. Estos resultados sugieren que la espuma fenólica es un buen mitigador de los efectos del estrés hídrico, ya que prolongan el tiempo de supervivencia de las plantas en hasta siete semanas y mejoran el crecimiento en altura y diámetro al compararlo con el testigo.
Karyomorfologi dan Jumlah Kromosom Empat Grup Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke. di Lombok
Authors: Iswantari Widya , Mulyaningsih Tri , Muspiah Aida 
Published: September 2017

Lombok memiliki empat grup Gyrinops versteegii yang merupakan penghasil gaharu, yaitu grup Pantai, Buaya, Madu, dan Beringin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji karyotipe dan jumlah kromosom empat grup G. versteegii yang bermanfaat dalam taksonomi dan program pemuliaan. Dalam penelitian ini pembuatan preparat kromosom ujung akar menggunakan metode squash. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah semua grup G.versteegii memiliki jumlah kromosom yang sama (n = 9) dan bentuk kromosom yang sama, yaitu berbentuk metasentrik dan memiliki pola karyotipe yang sama (2n = 18m). Ukuran kromosom setiap grup bervariasi, yaitu grup Pantai memiliki ukuran yang paling panjang yaitu 0,53 μm dari ketiga grup yang lain: Buaya (0,27 μm), Madu (0,21 μm), dan Beringin (0,18 μm).Kata kunci: gaharu; Gyrinops versteegii; karyotipe; kromosom; Lombok Karyomorphology and Chromosome Number of Four Groups of Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg.) Domke. in LombokAbstractLombok has four groups of Gyrinops versteegii i.e. Pantai, Buaya, Madu, and Beringin group. Studies of karyomorphology and the number of chromosomes could be very useful for taxonomy and plant breeding. In this study, the preparation used a root tip squash method. The results obtained from this study: groups of G. versteegii had similar chromosome number (n = 9), and similar metacentric chromosomes. Therefore, the karyotype formula of the four groups of G. versteegii was 2n = 18m. Each group of G. versteegii showed a variation of chromosome size: Pantai group has a size of 0.53 ìm which is the longest than the other three groups: Buaya (0.27 ìm), Madu (0.21 ìm), and Beringin (0.18 ìm).