bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How do different goals affect students’ internal collaboration script configurations? Results of an epistemic network analysis study
Authors: Özbek Tugce , Greisel Martin , Wekerle Christina , Gegenfurtner Andreas , Kollar Ingo 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionResearch has suggested that how learners act in CSCL environments is considerably influenced by their internal collaboration scripts. These scripts are knowledge structures that reside in an individual’s memory and consist of play, scene, scriptlet, and role components. In its “internal script configuration principle,” the Script Theory of Guidance suggests that as learners work in a CSCL environment, these components are dynamically (re-)configured, and that this (re-)configuration is influenced by the goals of the individual learner. However, this principle has not yet been tested empirically.MethodsIn this study, upon entering a CSCL environment, we therefore experimentally manipulated the goals that students pursued while learning. In one condition, we induced learning goals while in the other condition, no goals were induced. A total of 233 pre-service teachers collaborated in dyads on the task to analyze an authentic, problematic classroom situation by aid of educational evidence. We measured their internal scripts both at pre-test (i.e., before collaboration and before goal induction) and post-test (i.e., after collaboration and goal induction), focusing on the scriptlet level.ResultsResults show that goal induction had no effects on the kinds of scriptlets participants selected during collaboration. However, results from Epistemic Network Analysis show that learning goal induction led to significantly different combinations of scriptlets (especially to more relations between scriptlets that are indicative of pursuing learning goals) than no goal induction. Furthermore, participants from the learning goal induction acquired significantly more knowledge about educational theories and evidence than students from the control condition.ConclusionThis study is among the first to provide direct evidence for the internal script configuration principle and demonstrates the effectiveness of inducing learning goals as a scaffold to support students’ knowledge acquisition processes in CSCL.
The association of calligraphy activities with peace of mind, stress self-management, and perceived health status in older adults
Authors: Wang Jianing , Tang Kaizhi 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionCalligraphy, as a form of mindful practice, encourages focus, creativity, and relaxation, which collectively contribute to a more peaceful mental state. Through regular engagement in calligraphy, older adults can develop better coping mechanisms for stress, leading to more effective self-management of daily stressors. This enhanced ability to manage stress can reduce the overall burden on their mental and physical health, promoting a more positive outlook on life.MethodsThis study employed convenience sampling and snowball sampling to select 246 older adults aged 60–70 from Changsha, China, in March 2024 as valid samples. AMOS v.23 was used to construct a structural equation model to validate the hypotheses.ResultsThe study found a significant positive correlation between calligraphy activities and peace of mind/stress self-management. There is also a significant positive correlation between peace of mind/stress self-management and perceived health status. Additionally, peace of mind and stress self-management act as mediators between calligraphy activities and perceived health status.DiscussionThis indicates that calligraphy activities not only contribute to the psychological well-being of older adults but also indirectly enhance their positive perception of their own health by improving their mental state. Consequently, such activities can be an integral part of holistic health interventions aimed at enhancing the quality of life and overall health of older adults.
Resting-state brain networks alterations in adolescents with Internet Gaming Disorder associate with cognitive control impairments
Authors: Zhao Tao , Zhang Yibo , Li Yange , Wu Jie , Wang Ruiqi , Lv Qiyan , Li Dingyi , Lang Yan 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveResearch indicates that cognitive control is compromised in individuals with internet gaming disorder (IGD). However, the neural mechanisms behind it are still unclear. This study aims to investigate alterations in resting-state brain networks in adolescents with IGD and the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying cognitive dysfunction.Materials and methodsA total of 44 adolescent IGD subjects (male/female: 38/6) and 50 healthy controls (male/female: 40/10) were enrolled. Participants underwent demographic assessments, Young’s Internet Addiction Scale, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale 11 Chinese Revised Version, the Chinese Adolescents’ Maladaptive Cognitions Scale, exploratory eye movement tests, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). FMRI data were analyzed using the GIFT software for independent component analysis, focusing on functional connectivity within and between resting-state brain networks.ResultsIn comparison to the control group, impulsivity in adolescent IGD subjects showed a positive correlation with the severity of IGD (r=0.6350, p &lt; 0.001), linked to impairments in the Executive Control Network (ECN) and a decrease in functional connectivity between the Salience Network (SN) and ECN (r=0.4307, p=0.0021; r=-0.5147, p=0.0034). Decreased resting state activity of the dorsal attention network (DAN) was associated with attentional dysregulation of IGD in adolescents (r=0.4071, p=0.0017), and ECN increased functional connectivity with DAN. The degree of IGD was positively correlated with enhanced functional connectivity between the ECN and DAN (r=0.4283, p=0.0037).ConclusionsThis research demonstrates that changes in the ECN and DAN correlate with heightened impulsivity and attentional deficits in adolescents with IGD. The interaction between cognitive control disorders and resting-state brain networks in adolescent IGD is related.
A follow up report validating long term predictions of the COVID-19 epidemic in the UK using a dynamic causal model
Authors: Bowie Cam , Friston Karl 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundThis paper asks whether Dynamic Causal modelling (DCM) can predict the long-term clinical impact of the COVID-19 epidemic. DCMs are designed to continually assimilate data and modify model parameters, such as transmissibility of the virus, changes in social distancing and vaccine coverage—to accommodate changes in population dynamics and virus behavior. But as a novel way to model epidemics do they produce valid predictions? We presented DCM predictions 12 months ago, which suggested an increase in viral transmission was accompanied by a reduction in pathogenicity. These changes provided plausible reasons why the model underestimated deaths, hospital admissions and acute-post COVID-19 syndrome by 20%. A further 12-month validation exercise could help to assess how useful such predictions are.Methodswe compared DCM predictions—made in October 2022—with actual outcomes over the 12-months to October 2023. The model was then used to identify changes in COVID-19 transmissibility and the sociobehavioral responses that may explain discrepancies between predictions and outcomes over this period. The model was then used to predict future trends in infections, long-COVID, hospital admissions and deaths over 12-months to October 2024, as a prelude to future tests of predictive validity.FindingsUnlike the previous predictions—which were an underestimate—the predictions made in October 2022 overestimated incidence, death and admission rates. This overestimation appears to have been caused by reduced infectivity of new variants, less movement of people and a higher persistence of immunity following natural infection and vaccination.Interpretationdespite an expressive (generative) model, with time-dependent epidemiological and sociobehavioral parameters, the model overestimated morbidity and mortality. Effectively, the model failed to accommodate the “law of declining virulence” over a timescale of years. This speaks to a fundamental issue in long-term forecasting: how to model decreases in virulence over a timescale of years? A potential answer may be available in a year when the predictions for 2024—under a model with slowly accumulating T-cell like immunity—can be assessed against actual outcomes.
Exploring the impact of physiotherapy on health outcomes in older adults with chronic diseases: a cross-sectional analysis
Authors: Reddy Ravi Shankar , Alahmari Khalid A. , Alshahrani Mastour Saeed , Alkhamis Batool Abdulelah , Tedla Jaya Shanker , ALMohiza Mohammad A. , Elrefaey Basant Hamdy , Koura Ghada M. , Gular Kumar , Alnakhli Hani Hassan , Mukherjee Debjani , Rao Vikram Sreenivasa , Al-Qahtani Khalid Awad 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study evaluates the impact of physiotherapy interventions on health outcomes and explores the correlation between physiotherapy session characteristics and improvements in health among older individuals.MethodsIn a cross-sectional design, 384 older adults with chronic conditions such as arthritis, osteoporosis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), diabetes, and hypertension were recruited.ResultsThe proportion of arthritis (39.1%) and hypertension (45.8%) was notably high. Participants receiving physiotherapy showed significant improvements in pain levels (mean reduction from 5.09 to 2.95), mobility scores (improvement from 3.0 to 3.96), and functional independence. A positive correlation was identified between the frequency of physiotherapy sessions and pain reduction (r = 0.26, p = 0.035), and a stronger correlation between session duration and both pain reduction (r = 0.38, p = 0.002) and mobility improvement (r = 0.43, p = 0.001). High satisfaction rates with physiotherapy were reported, and age was found to be a significant negative predictor of health outcomes (Coef. = −0.3402, p = 0.0009).ConclusionPhysiotherapy interventions significantly improve health outcomes in older adults with chronic diseases.
The joy of eating: how eating experiences enhance the well-being of older adults
Authors: Wang Xinmin , Qi Jianwu , Zhang Kai , Xie Huiji , Wu Xingnan 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe active aging strategy has as its policy implications the health, security, and participation of older people. The joy of eating is the main goal of establishing community-based service facilities for older people, as well as a source of health and well-being and a sense of meaning in the lives of older people.MethodsBased on the theory of human-environment relations and cognitive-emotional personality systems (CAPS), the study constructed a structural equation model of the eating experience, nostalgia, place attachment, and the well-being of the older adults in the community canteens as an interactive situation, and explored the relationship between the eating experience and the well-being of older people in the community canteens through the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM).ResultsThe results of the study show that the older adults’ eating experience has a significant positive effect on their well-being, and “eating” can make older adults feel happy. Older adults’ eating experience has a significant effect on nostalgia, place attachment, and well-being, but nostalgia does not have a significant effect on older adults’ well-being, and place attachment in the community canteens can enhance older adults’ well-being. Meanwhile, the study further confirmed that place attachment plays a mediating role in the effect of eating experience on older adults’ well-being.DiscussionThe findings of the study promote the development of the fields of healthy eating, quality of life assessment, and dietary memory management for older people to a certain extent and provide an important reference for promoting the balanced layout and effective spatial design of community service facilities for older people.
Molecular identification of Baylisascaris melis (Gedoelst, 1920) from the Eurasian badger (Meles meles) and ascarids from other wild carnivores in Kazakhstan
Authors: Uakhit Rabiga , Smagulova Ainura , Lider Lyudmila , Shevtsov Alexandr , Berber Alexandr A. , Berber Alexandr P. , Bauer Christian , Kiyan Vladimir 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe presence of gastrointestinal nematodes, including zoonotic ascarids, in wild canids, felids and mustelids as definitive hosts in Central Asian countries has been documented in many studies based on traditional morphological methods. In contrast, relevant data for the badger are scarce. The aim of this study was the molecular identification of ascarid nematodes from five wild carnivore species in different regions of Kazakhstan.MethodsA total of 211 adult ascarids were collected from gray wolves (Canis lupus, 8 of 83 infected with 2–6 Toxascaris leonina), red foxes (Vulpes vulpes, 26 of 53, with 2–8 Toxascaris leonina), corsac foxes (Vulpes corsac, 6 of 11, 3–6 Toxascaris leonina), lynx (Lynx lynx, 2 of 3, with 2–5 Toxocara cati) and badgers (Meles meles, 2 of 4, with 2–7 Baylisascaris melis). Genomic DNA was extracted from the worms and ribosomal DNA, including the first and second internal transcribed spacer genes, was amplified by polymerase chain reaction using specific oligonucleotide primers and then sequenced.ResultsToxascaris leonina, but not Toxocara canis, was molecularly identified in the wild canids, Toxocara cati in the lynx and Baylisascaris melis in the badger. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree showed three distinct clades: the canid Toxascaris leonina was placed in one clade, Toxocara cati in another and Baylisascaris melis in a third.DiscussionThe study provides the world’s first molecular data and phylogenetic analysis of Baylisascaris melis, identified for the second time since its description over 100 years ago. This species was shown to be genetically distinct from other Baylisascaris spp. (B. columnaris, B. procyonis, B. transfuga, B. devosi). The possible zoonotic significance of ascarids from wild carnivores is discussed in the light of conditions in Central Asia.
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Detected in Biting Midges and Black Flies during the 2023 Outbreak in Southern California
Authors: Scroggs Stacey L. P. , Swanson Dustin A. , Steele Taylor D. , Hudson Amy R. , Reister-Hendricks Lindsey M. , Gutierrez Jessica , Shults Phillip , McGregor Bethany L. , Taylor Caitlin E. , Davis Travis M. , Lamberski Nadine , Phair Kristen A. , Howard Lauren L. , McConnell Nathan E. , Gurfield Nikos , Drolet Barbara S. , Pelzel-McCluskey Angela M. , Cohnstaedt Lee W. 
Published: September 2024

Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is a viral disease that affects horses, cattle, and swine that is transmitted by direct contact and hematophagous insects. In 2023, a multi-state outbreak of vesicular stomatitis New Jersey virus (VSNJV) occurred in California, Nevada, and Texas, infecting horses, cattle, and rhinoceros. To identify possible insect vectors, we conducted insect surveillance at various locations in San Diego County, CA, including at a wildlife park. CO2 baited traps set from mid-May to mid-August 2023 collected 2357 Culicoides biting midges and 1215 Simulium black flies, which are insect genera implicated in VSNJV transmission. Insects were pooled by species, location, and date, then tested for viral RNA. Nine RNA-positive pools of Culicoides spp. and sixteen RNA-positive pools of Simulium spp were detected. Infectious virus was detected by cytopathic effect in 96% of the RNA-positive pools. This is the first report of VSNJV in wild-caught C. bergi, C. freeborni, C. occidentalis, S. argus, S. hippovorum, and S. tescorum. The vector competency of these species for VSNJV has yet to be determined but warrants examination. Active vector surveillance and testing during disease outbreaks increases our understanding of the ecology and epidemiology of VS and informs vector control efforts.
Solid phase extractants based on tetraoctyl diglycolamide and hypercrosslinked polystyrene: formation in supercritical carbon dioxide media
Authors: Костенко М.О. , Галкина О.И. , Паренаго О.О. 
Published: September 2024

Методом гравиметрического анализа построены изотермы адсорбции N,N,N’,N’-тетраоктилдигликольамида (ТОДГА) на трех марках сверхсшитого полистирола (ССП) в среде сверхкритического СО2. Показано, что в равных условиях (Т=313 K,Р=20 МПа) ССП марок MN200 и MN202 адсорбируют до 0,55 и 0,59 ммоль/г ТОДГА, соответственно, что позволяет использовать их в качестве носителя рассматриваемого лиганда. Адсорбция ТОДГА на MN270 в аналогичных условиях не превышала 0,07 ммоль/г. Проведена оценка влияния температуры и плотности среды на адсорбцию ТОДГА на MN200. Показано, что снижение плотности СО2 в изотермических условиях позволяет увеличить предельную адсорбцию ТОДГА. Твердый экстрагент (ТВЭКС), полученный на основе MN200 и ТОДГА, проявил заметные экстракционные свойства по отношению к соединениям Nd3+. Образец ТВЭКС на основе MN202 оказался неактивным в экстракции, что, вероятно, связано с небольшим размером пор матрицы, недостаточным для процесса образования комплекса.
In this study, the adsorption isotherms of N,N,N’,N’-tetraoctyl diglycolamide (TODGA) on three types of hypercrosslinked polystyrene (HCP) in supercritical CO2 were measured by gravimetric analysis. It is shown that under equal conditions (T = 313.15 K, P = 20 MPa), MN200 and MN202 HCPs adsorb up to 0.55 mmol/g and 0.59 mmol/g TODGA respectively, which allows them to be applied as the ligand carrier. The adsorption of TODGA on MN270 under the same conditions did not exceed 0.07 mmol/g. Also the temperature and medium density effect on the TODGA adsorption on MN200 was evaluated. It is shown that isothermal decreasing of the CO2 density can increase the saturated adsorption of TODGA. The solid phase extractant (SPE) based on MN202 and TODGA did not show extraction properties towards Nd3+, which is probably due to the matrix insufficient pore size for the formation of comparatively large complex compound. At the same time, SPE based on MN200 showed a potential feasibility of its use.
PECULIARITIES OF BULK LEAD SAMPLE OXIDATION IN WATER-OXYGEN FLUID
Authors: ФЕДЯЕВА О. Н. , ГРЕБЕННИКОВ А. П. , ВОСТРИКОВ А. А. 
Published: September 2024

Представлены результаты исследования окисления массивных образцов свинца кислородом, водяным паром, водокислородной смесью и раствором пероксида водорода при нагреве реактора со скоростью 1 K/мин до 873 K в условиях высокой плотности реагентов (ρн2о ≤ 4,58 и ρо2 ≤ 0,58 моль/дм3). Наименьший прирост массы образцов зарегистрирован при окислении свинца водяным паром и кислородом, а наибольший - смесью Н2O/O2. Из временных зависимостей температуры и давления реакционной смеси следует, что окисление свинца смесью Н2O/O2 заметно ускоряется при T> 425 K. Увеличение содержания O2 в смеси и снижение плотности водяного пара интенсифицируют окисление. Согласно данным рентгенофазового анализа (РФА), в составе продуктов окисления свинца смесью Н2O/O2 преобладает Pb3O4 (сурик). Установлено, что размер и морфология частиц продукта окисления свинца зависят от состава реакционной смеси. 0бсуждаются механизмы окисления.
The paper presents the research results of the oxidation of bulk lead samples with oxygen, water vapor, water-oxygen mixture, and hydrogen peroxide solution during heating of the reactor at a rate of 1 K/min up to 873 K under the conditions of high reactant density (ρH2o ≤ 4.58 and ρo2 ≤ 0.58 mol/dm3). The smallest gain in the weight of the samples was detected during the oxidation of lead with water vapor and oxygen, and the largest one, with the H2O/O2 mixture. It follows from the time dependences of the temperature and pressure of the reaction mixture that oxidation of lead by the H2O/O2 mixture noticeably accelerates at T> 425 K. An increase in the O2 content in the mixture and a decrease in the water vapor density intensify the oxidation. According to the X-ray diffraction analysis data, Pb3O4 (minium) predominates in the composition of lead oxidation products formed in the H2O/O2 mixture. It has been revealed that the size and morphology of oxidized lead particles depend on the composition of the reaction mixture. The mechanisms of lead oxidation are discussed.
SUPERCRITICAL ANTISOLVENT PRECIPITATION OF LEVOFLOXACIN HYDROCHLORIDE FROM SINGLE-PHASE AND TWO-PHASE MIXTURES OF CO2-DIMETHYLFORMAMIDE
Authors: ВОРОБЕЙ А. М. , РУБЦОВ Я. П. , ЗУЕВ Я. И. , ПАРЕНАГО О. О. 
Published: September 2024

Исследовано влияние давления на размер и морфологию частиц гидрохлорида левофлоксацина, осаждаемого методом сверхкритического антисольвентного осаждения (SAS). Показано, что кристаллизация левофлоксацина из двухфазной системні С02-диметилфорамид-гидрохлорид левофлоксацина приводит к получению частиц с бимодальным распределением по размеру. Кристаллизация из однофазной системы сопровождается сменой режима смешения СО2 и раствора, и, как следствие, наблюдается осаждение частиц с мономодальным распределением по размеру. Впервые построены кривые равновесия жидкость-газ для системы СО2- диметилфорамид-гидрохлорид левофлоксацина при температуре 40 °С.
The effect of pressure on the size and morphology of levofloxacin hydrochloride particles precipitated by supercritical antisolvent precipitation (SAS) was investigated.It is shown that the crystallization of levofloxacin from the two-phase CO2-dimethylforamide- levofloxacin hydrochloride system leads to the production of particles with a bimodal size distribution. Crystallization from a single-phase system leads to a change in the mixing mode of CO2 and solution, and as a result, precipitation of particles with a monomodal size distribution is observed. Liquid-gas equilibrium curves were obtained for the CO2- dimethylforamide-levofloxacin hydrochloride system at a temperature of 40 °C.
دراسة مقارنة لتأثير سماد أوكسيد المغنيزيوم (النانوي – المعدني) في بعض الصفات الإنتاجية لنبات الذرة الصفراء (صنف غوطة 82) في حمص
Authors: Alhamdan Mahmoud , Ghandour George 
Published: September 2024

تم تنفيذ هذه الدراسة في مركز البحوث العلمية الزراعية في حمص (دائرة بحوث الموارد الطبيعية) خلال الموسم الزراعي 2020 وذلك لمقارنة تأثير إضافة سماد أوكسيد المغنيزيوم بالشكل النانوي مع الشكل المعدني في بعض الصفات الإنتاجية لنبات الذرة الصفراء (صنف غوطة 82)، حيث استخدمت أربع مستويات من سماد أوكسيد المغنيزيوم (0، 50، 100، 150)% من التوصية السمادية المرفقة مع عبوة السماد، و بشكلين: نانويN0, N1, N2, N3)) ومعدني (M0, Mₗ , M2, M3)، والذي تم إضافتهما بطريقة الرش الورقي بتركيز( 0، 1، 2، 3 )غ/ل على الترتيب للمستويات المدروسة وتم تكرار المعاملات على ثلاثة مكررات، أعطت النتائج التي تم التوصل إليها ما يلي: تفوق معنوي واضح في الصفات الإنتاجية، ( طول العرنوس، عدد الصفوف في العرنوس، وزن الحبوب في العرنوس، وزن العرنوس/النبات) عند المعاملة 2غ/لتر(100%) وذلك بالمقارنة مع الشاهد، مع تفوق معنوي واضح عند رش سماد أوكسيد المغنيزيوم النانوي على المعدني بنسبة (33.95، 15.91، 50.60، 93.82) % لهذه المؤشرات الإنتاجية على الترتيب، كما أظهرت النتائج استجابة نبات الذرة الصفراء (صنف غوطة82) في مؤشر الإنتاجية مقدرةً (طن/هـ) للرش الورقي بسماد أوكسيد المغنيزيوم النانوي على المعدني بنسبة 30.4%.