bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Genealogy of Kontrol’ in Russia: From Leninist to Neoliberal Governance
Authors: Owen Catherine 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article examines the emergence of the concept obshchestvennyi kontrol’ in Russian state discourse, the practices to which it has been attached and the legitimating narrative employed to justify them. It traces the concept of kontrol’ from Leninist conceptions olrabochyi kontrol’, through post-Stalinist discourses of narodnyi kontrol ‘, demonstrating that contemporary state-driven articulations of obshchestvennyi kontrol’ exhibit a substantial amount of continuity in the conceptualisation of the role of the citizen as assisting the state in its pre-determined goals. However, in contrast to rabochyi and narodnyi kontrol’, which were legitimated by various aspects of Marxist-Leninist theory, contemporary mechanisms of obshchestvennyi kontrol’ are accompanied by a rhetoric of increasing international competitiveness, thereby allowing the Kremlin to respond to international norms of a ‘small state’, outsourcing and civic participation.
Oxymetazoline Metered Dose Spray: Factors Affecting Delivery Volume
Authors: Hakim Mumin , Walia Hina , Rafiq Mahmood , Grannell Timothy , Cartabuke Richard S. , Tobias Joseph D. 
Published: July 2016

OBJECTIVES: The current study compared the amount of oxymetazoline delivered by various anesthesia providers when holding the bottle in the upright and inverted position. Additionally, the amount delivered from a full bottle and a half-full bottle was also investigated.
METHODS: Using an analytical balance that was calibrated to zero, we evaluated the impact the position of the bottle and the volume of oxymetazoline in the bottle had on the amount being delivered by both anesthesia staff and trainees.
RESULTS: When using both filled and half-filled bottles, the amount delivered increased significantly when comparing the upright versus inverted position. With a full bottle, the amount delivered when the bottle was inverted increased almost 10-fold from 62 ± 80 to 606 ± 366 μL (p &lt; 0.0001). Similarly, even with a half-filled bottle, the amount delivered increased in the inverted positions from 41 ± 48 to 645 ± 393 μL. Regardless of the scenario, we also noted significant variation from provider to provider.
CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that several factors may affect the amount of oxymetazoline delivered for metered dose bottles. Given the potential for severe end-organ effects with excessive dosage, alternative means of delivery are needed for its perioperative use.
MEIOS DE ARMAZENAMENTO PARA DENTES AVULSIONADOS - UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Flores Felipe Wehner , Flores Jorge Abel , Diesel Pâmela Gutheil , Bianchini Arthur Gindri , Bevilacqua Willian Borsoi 
Published: July 2016

O objetivo deste estudo foi encontrar, através de uma revisão de literatura, o meio mais adequado para o armazenamento de dentes avulsionados. Esse meio deve preservar a vitalidade, aderência e a capacidade clonogênica das células do ligamento periodontal. Os meios selecionados para essa revisão de literatura foram: solução salina balanceada de Hank (HBSS), própolis, água de coco, leite, chá verde, água de torneira, clara de ovo, saliva, Gatorade, amora, ViaSpan. chá verde, água de coco, extrato de amora, própolis e clara de ovo apresentaram bons resultados nos estudos selecionados, porém necessitam mais estudos que comprovem sua eficácia. HBSS e ViaSpan tiveram os melhores resultados, apresentando grande potencial de manter as células do ligamento periodontal viáveis após a avulsão. O leite demonstrou resultados satisfatórios, boas propriedades, baixo custo e fácil disponibilidade à população, sendo este o meio ideal para armazenamento de dentes avulsionados, quando HBSS e ViaSpan forem indisponíveis.Descritores: Avulsão Dentária; Traumatismo Dentário; Acidentes
ESTIMATIVA POPULACIONAL CANINA EM CAMPANHAS ANTIRRÁBICAS
Authors: Rocha Silene Manrique , Neves Bidiah Mariano Da Costa , Oliveira Stefan Vilges de 
Published: July 2016

Introdução: A raiva é uma doença infecciosa, que acomete todos os mamíferos, é causada por um vírus que atua no sistema nervoso e quase sempre é fatal. Os cães são animais importantes na epidemiologia da doença e sua vacinação é uma das estratégias de prevenção utilizadas pelos serviços de saúde. Objetivo:Este artigo tem como objetivo revisar a importância das estimativas populacionais caninas envolvidas nas ações de controle e prevenção da transmissão da raiva no ciclo urbano. Metodologia: Foi feita uma busca em bibliotecas virtuais, livros e informes técnicos com base nas palavras-chave: campanha de vacinação antirrábica, cobertura vacinal, estimativa canina, sistema de informação geográfica, controle e prevenção da raiva. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de novembro a janeiro de 2012 e a busca inclui trabalhos escritos em português, inglês e espanhol. Resultados:Foram analisados 79 trabalhos que contemplaram os critérios de inclusão. Destes 91,1% (72/79) foram considerados relevantes para o estudo. Conclusão: Verificou-se que estratégias devem ser reavaliadas constantemente e implementadas nas políticas públicas de saúde, principalmente frente às situações que extrapolam as ações de controle de zoonoses que envolvam os cães domésticos. A inclusão da metodologia dos sistemas de informações geográficas aliadas a algoritmos de modelagem pode fornecer subsídios para o aprimoramento dos programas de controle da raiva.Descritores: Controle da Raiva; Vacinação Antirrábica; Cobertura Vacinal; Estimativa Canina; Dimensionamento da População Canina.
In situ detection of the chemistry of individual fog droplet residues in the Pearl River Delta region, China
Authors: Bi Xinhui , Lin Qinhao , Peng Long , Zhang Guohua , Wang Xinming , Brechtel Fred J. , Chen Duohong , Li Mei , Peng Ping'an , Sheng Guoying , Zhou Zhen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe use a single‐particle aerosol mass spectrometer coupled with a ground‐based counterflow virtual impactor to measure the chemical compositions of individual submicron fog droplet residues. This is the first report on single particle mass spectrometry measurements of fog droplet residual particles at ground level in an urban area. We show that most of the fog droplet residues were composed of elemental carbon (EC) (67.7%), followed by K‐rich (19.2%) and mineral dust/metal (12.3%) particles. The predominance of EC‐containing particles demonstrated that these particles could be effective fog nuclei and highlights the important influence of anthropogenic emissions on regional climate system. Compared with interstitial and ambient aerosols, nitrate was enhanced, sulfate was depressed, and ammonium‐ and organics‐containing particles were hardly found in the fog droplet residues during fog events, suggesting that dust and metal particles containing nitrate may be preferentially activated and that ammonium and organics may not play important roles in fog formation in Guangzhou. We also present direct observational evidence that trimethylamine and hydroxymethanesulfonate are not found within fog droplet residues, although we previously observed enhanced gas‐to‐particle partitioning of these compounds by fog processing. Additionally, higher fraction or intensities of [K]+, [Fe]+, and [SiO3]− were found in fog droplet residues than in ambient and interstitial particles.
Dry‐gel conversion synthesis of SAPO‐11 molecular sieves and their use in hydroisodewaxing of hydrocracking recycle oil
Authors: Song ChunMin , Yang Huidi , Wang Yanzhen , Feng Yi , Shi Xinying , Duan Hongling 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSilicoaluminophosphate (SAPO‐11) molecular sieves were synthesized by the dry‐gel conversion [i.e. steam‐assisted conversion and vapor‐phase transport (VPT)] method using di‐n‐propylamine as a structure‐directing agent. The influence of the bottom water content, the crystallization time, the drying time and the pH value was investigated. The properties of the as‐synthesized samples were characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, N2‐adsorption and NH3‐temperature‐programmed desorption. The results show that the crystallization process of SAPO‐11 was closely related to the pH value and the drying time of the gel; the amount of water in the wet gel plays an important role for SAPO‐11 formation. It can be observed that when the crystal time is within 48 h, and the pH value of the gel is between 0 and 5, the longer the crystal time and the higher the pH value, the higher the crystallinity of the samples. The presence of NH4+ leads to the formation of an amorphous phase in the samples synthesized by the VPT method. Of these two methods, the steam‐assisted conversion method exhibits better Si incorporation into the AlPO4 framework than the VPT method. The results from hydroisodewaxing of hydrocracking recycle oil show that the Pt/SAPO‐11 catalysts synthesized by these methods possess high activity and selectivity of isomerization. The pour point of the lubricating base oils can be lowered to below −15 from 42 °C. Copyright © 2016 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the thermal and mechanical behavior of PLA‐PET blends
Authors: McLauchlin Andrew R. , Ghita Oana R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe increasing use of bio‐sourced and biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) in bottle packaging presents an increasing challenge to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) recycling process. Despite advanced separation technologies to remove PLA from PET recyclate, PLA may still be found in rPET process streams. This study explores the effects of PLA on the mechanical properties and crystallization behavior of blends of PET containing 0.5–20% PLA produced by injection molding. SEM indicates an immiscible blend of the two polymers and TGA confirms the independent behavior of the two polymers under thermal degradation conditions. Temperature‐modulated DSC studies indicate that adding PLA to PET increases the rigid amorphous fraction of the PET moiety. Critical amounts of PLA induce stress oscillation behavior during mechanical testing. The mechanical behavior of the samples is explained by antagonistic interaction between increased rigid amorphous fraction and decreased fracture strength arising from an increased population of PLA microparticles. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44147.
Glycerol as high‐permittivity liquid filler in dielectric silicone elastomers
Authors: Mazurek P. , Yu L. , Gerhard R. , Wirges W. , Skov A. L. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA recently reported novel class of elastomers was tested with respect to its dielectric properties. The new elastomer material is based on a commercially available poly(dimethylsiloxane) composition, which has been modified by embedding glycerol droplets into its matrix. The approach has two major advantages that make the material useful in a dielectric actuator. First, the glycerol droplets efficiently enhance the dielectric constant, which can reach astonishingly high values in the composite. Second, the liquid filler also acts as a softener that effectively decreases the elastic modulus of the composite. In combination with very low cost and easy preparation, the two property enhancements lead to an extremely attractive dielectric elastomer material. Experimental permittivity data are compared to various theoretical models that predict relative permittivity changes as a function of filler loading, and the applicability of the models is discussed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44153.
Fitness implications of seasonal climate variation in Columbian ground squirrels
Authors: Dobson F. Stephen , Lane Jeffrey E. , Low Matthew , Murie Jan O. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe influence of climate change on the fitness of wild populations is often studied in the context of the spring onset of the reproductive season. This focus is relevant for climate influences on reproductive success, but neglects other fitness‐relevant periods (e.g., autumn preparation for overwintering). We examined variation in climate variables (temperature, rainfall, snowfall, and snowpack) across the full annual cycle of Columbian ground squirrels (Urocitellus columbianus) for 21 years. We investigated seasonal climate variables that were associated with fitness variables, climate variables that exhibited directional changes across the study period, and finally observed declines in fitness (−0.03 units/year; total decline = 37%) that were associated with directional changes in climate variables. Annual fitness of adult female ground squirrels was positively associated with spring temperature (r = 0.69) and early summer rainfall (r = 0.56) and negatively associated with spring snow conditions (r = −0.44 to −0.66). Across the 21 years, spring snowmelt has become significantly delayed (r = 0.48) and summer rainfall became significantly reduced (r = −0.53). Using a standardized partial regression model, we found that directional changes in the timing of spring snowmelt and early summer rainfall (i.e., progressively drier summers) had moderate influences on annual fitness, with the latter statistically significant (ρ = −0.314 and 0.437, respectively). The summer period corresponds to prehibernation fattening of young and adult ground squirrels. Had we focused on a single point in time (viz. the onset of the breeding season), we would have underestimated the influences of climate change on our population. Rather, we obtained a comprehensive understanding of the influences of climate change on individual fitness by investigating the full lifecycle.
The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus lives close to the upper thermal limit for early development in a tropical lagoon
Authors: Collin Rachel , Chan Kit Yu Karen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThermal tolerance shapes organisms' physiological performance and limits their biogeographic ranges. Tropical terrestrial organisms are thought to live very near their upper thermal tolerance limits, and such small thermal safety factors put them at risk from global warming. However, little is known about the thermal tolerances of tropical marine invertebrates, how they vary across different life stages, and how these limits relate to environmental conditions. We tested the tolerance to acute heat stress of five life stages of the tropical sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus collected in the Bahía Almirante, Bocas del Toro, Panama. We also investigated the impact of chronic heat stress on larval development. Fertilization, cleavage, morula development, and 4‐armed larvae tolerated 2‐h exposures to elevated temperatures between 28–32°C. Average critical temperatures (LT50) were lower for initiation of cleavage (33.5°C) and development to morula (32.5°C) than they were for fertilization (34.4°C) or for 4‐armed larvae (34.1°C). LT50 was even higher (34.8°C) for adults exposed to similar acute thermal stress, suggesting that thermal limits measured for adults may not be directly applied to the whole life history. During chronic exposure, larvae had significantly lower survival and reduced growth when reared at temperatures above 30.5°C and did not survive chronic exposures at or above 32.3°C. Environmental monitoring at and near our collection site shows that L. variegatus may already experience temperatures at which larval growth and survival are reduced during the warmest months of the year. A published local climate model further suggests that such damaging warm temperatures will be reached throughout the Bahía Almirante by 2084. Our results highlight that tropical marine invertebrates likely have small thermal safety factors during some stages in their life cycles, and that shallow‐water populations are at particular risk of near future warming.
Fisheries and water level fluctuations in the world's largest desert lake
Authors: Gownaris Natasha J. , Pikitch Ellen K. , Aller Josephine Y. , Kaufman Les S. , Kolding Jeppe , Lwiza Kamazima M.M. , Obiero Kevin O. , Ojwang William O. , Malala John O. , Rountos Konstantine J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHydrological regimes are significant drivers of fisheries production in many African Lakes due to their influence on fish habitat and food availability, breeding success, and catchability. Lake Turkana, Kenya, will undergo substantial changes in hydrology due to water regulation and extraction along the Omo River in neighboring Ethiopia, which provides over 90% of its water. The objective of this study was to predict how the lake's fisheries, which provide an important livelihood and protein source in the region, will respond to hydrological change. While variations in fishing effort are poor predictors of fisheries catch in the lake, water levels and their fluctuations strongly influence fisheries production. Seasonal oscillations play a particularly important role, and with complete loss of these oscillations, the lake's predicted fisheries yield will decrease by over two thirds. The fishery is predicted to collapse at a lake level decline of 25 m, regardless of seasonal amplitude magnitude. The lake's total littoral habitat, where fisheries are currently concentrated, will increase in surface area with lake level declines of <25 m. However, the extent of productive, dynamic littoral habitat will decrease with dampening of the lake's seasonal oscillations. The most severe habitat loss will occur in the lake's Turkwel Sector, which hosts the region's highest human population densities, and North Sector, where inter‐tribal conflict over resources is common and likely to be exacerbated by lake level decline. The continued ecological functioning of Lake Turkana necessitates immediate efforts to develop and apply a water resource management plan rooted in science.
Applications of genetically encoded photosensitizer miniSOG: from correlative light electron microscopy to immunophotosensitizing
Authors: Souslova Ekaterina A. , Mironova Kristina E. , Deyev Sergey M. 
Published: July 2016

Genetically encoded photosensitizers (PSs), e.g. ROS generating proteins, correspond to a novel class of PSs that are highly desirable for biological and medical applications since they can be used in combination with a variety of genetic engineering manipulations allowing for precise spatio‐temporal control of ROS production within living cells and organisms. In contrast to the commonly used chemical PSs, they can be modified using genetic engineering approaches and targeted to particular cellular compartments and cell types. Mini Singlet Oxygen Generator (miniSOG), a small flavoprotein capable of singlet oxygen production upon blue light irradiation, was initially reported as a high contrast probe for correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM) without the need of exogenous ligands, probes or destructive permeabilizing detergents. Further miniSOG was successfully applied for chromophore‐assisted light inactivation (CALI) of proteins, as well as for photo‐induced cell ablation in tissue cultures and in Caenorhabditis elegans. Finally, a novel approach of immunophotosensitizing has been developed, exploiting the specificity of mini‐antibodies or selective scaffold proteins and photo‐induced cytotoxicity of miniSOG, which is particularly promising for selective non‐invasive photodynamic therapy of cancer (PDT) due to the spatial selectivity and locality of destructive action compared to other methods of oncotherapy.
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7T MRI of distal radius trabecular bone microarchitecture: How trabecular bone quality varies depending on distance from end‐of‐bone
Authors: Griffin Lindsay M. , Honig Stephen , Chen Cheng , Saha Punam K. , Regatte Ravinder , Chang Gregory 
Published: July 2016

PurposeTo use 7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine how trabecular bone microarchitecture varies at the epiphysis, metaphysis, and diaphysis of the distal radius.Materials and MethodsThe distal radius of 24 females (mean age = 56 years, range = 24–78 years) was scanned on a 7T MRI using a 3D fast low‐angle shot sequence (0.169 × 0.169 × 1 mm). Digital topological analysis was applied at the epiphysis, metaphysis, and diaphysis to compute: total trabecular bone volume; trabecular thickness, number, connectivity, and erosion index (a measure of network resorption). Differences and correlations were assessed using standard statistical methods.ResultsThe metaphysis and epiphysis had 83–123% greater total bone volume and 14–16% greater trabecular number than the diaphysis (both P < 0.0001). The erosion index was significantly higher at the diaphysis than the metaphysis and epiphysis (both P < 0.01). The most elderly volunteers had lower trabecular number (<66 years mean 0.29 ± 0.01; ≥66 years, 0.27 ± 0.02, P < 0.05) and higher erosion index (<66 years mean 1.18 ± 0.17; age ≥66 years, mean 1.42 ± 0.46, P < 0.05) at the epiphysis; differences not detected by total trabecular bone volume.Conclusion7T MRI reveals trabecular bone microarchitecture varies depending on scan location at the end‐of‐bone, being of overall higher quality distally (epiphysis) than proximally (diaphysis). Age‐related differences in trabecular microarchitecture can be detected by 7T MRI. The results highlight the potential sensitivity of 7T MRI to microarchitectural differences and the potential importance of standardizing scan location for future clinical studies of fracture risk or treatment response.Level of Evidence: 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:872–878.
Novel technique of robotic extralevator abdominoperineal resection with gracilis flap closure
Authors: Sieffert Michelle , Ouellette James , Johnson Michael , Hicks Todd , Hellan Minia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this paper is to introduce a robotic assisted approach to extralevator abdominoperineal excision in the modified Lloyd‐Davis position with reconstruction of the perineum using pedicled gracilis flaps, and to discuss outcomes in a cohort of six patients.MethodsData was collected by chart review on six patients who underwent extralevator excision with gracilis flap reconstruction from 10/2013 to 06/2015. Technical details, operative data, oncologic outcomes, and wound healing complications were evaluated.ResultsThere were no instances of intraoperative perforation or positive circumferential resection margin, and one case of locoregional recurrence. Two patients experienced flap venous congestion and one patient developed a perineal abscess. All patients went on to complete healing.ConclusionsThe combination of a minimally invasive robotic assisted extralevator abdominoperineal excision performed in the modified Lloyd‐Davis position with reconstruction of the perineum with pedicled gracilis flaps has excellent oncologic outcomes and acceptable wound healing complications. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. StartCopTextCopyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancing Decoding Efficiency in Poor Readers via a Word Identification Game
Authors: van Gorp Karly , Segers Eliane , Verhoeven Ludo 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe effects of a word identification game aimed at enhancing decoding efficiency in poor readers were tested. Following a pretest–posttest–retention design with a waiting control group, 62 poor‐reading Dutch second graders received a five‐hour tablet intervention across a period of five weeks. During the intervention, participants practiced reading words and pseudowords while doing semantic categorization and lexical decision exercises in a gaming context. Prior to, directly after, and five weeks following the intervention, word‐decoding efficiency was assessed using a standardized read‐aloud test consisting of six lists of untrained words and pseudowords with three levels of difficulty: consonant‐vowel‐consonant items, consonant cluster items, and disyllabic items. Significant increases as a result of the brief gaming intervention were found for decoding efficiency on all six word lists. The game, which included repetition, immediate corrective feedback, and a semantics task, elicited transfer and retention effects.