bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Efficacy of Trawl Exclusion Zones by Estimating Local Atka Mackerel Abundance and Movement Patterns in the Central and Eastern Aleutian Islands
Authors: McDermott Susanne F. , Haist Vivian , Rand Kimberly M. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Atka Mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius is the most abundant commercially exploited groundfish in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska. It is also the predominant prey of the endangered Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus in the Aleutians Islands range. In 1992, trawl exclusion zones (TEZs) that ranged from 10 to 20 nautical miles were established around rookeries to protect Steller sea lion prey abundance. This study examined the efficacy of the TEZs by estimating the movement and local abundance (10–20 nautical miles) of Atka Mackerel inside and outside of these zones using an integrated tagging model that incorporated independent data for tagging survival, recruitment, and tag reporting rates. Atka Mackerel were tagged, released, and recovered from 2000 to 2006 at four Aleutian Island locales, from both inside and outside of the TEZs. Atka Mackerel local abundance and their movement patterns across these harvest boundaries were estimated for all the study areas inside and outside the TEZs, and local exploitation rate by the fishery was calculated for each area open to fishing outside the TEZ boundary. In areas with high Atka Mackerel abundance and little movement from inside to outside the protection zones (e.g., Seguam Pass and Kiska Island), the TEZs were expected to work well to preserve the prey field for Steller sea lions. In areas of low Atka Mackerel abundance and frequent movement from the inside to the outside of the protection zone (e.g., Amchitka Island), the TEZs were expected to be less effective. Our study indicated that TEZs can be effective for preserving prey fields of Atka Mackerel for Steller sea lions, but each study area needs to be carefully evaluated in order to understand area-specific variations in abundance and movement patterns.
Received October 21, 2014; accepted December 16, 2015
Localization of quantum states and landscape functions
Authors: Steinerberger Stefan 
Published: July 2016

Eigenfunctions in inhomogeneous media can have strong localization properties. Filoche and Mayboroda showed that the function

u
u

solving

(
−
Δ
+
V
)
u
=
1

(-\Delta + V)u = 1

controls the behavior of eigenfunctions

(
−
Δ
+
V
)
ϕ
=
λ
ϕ

(-\Delta + V)\phi = \lambda \phi

via the inequality
\[

|

ϕ
(
x
)

|

≤
λ
u
(
x
)
‖
ϕ

‖

L

∞

.

|\phi (x)| \leq \lambda u(x) \|\phi \|_{L^{\infty }}.

\]
This inequality has proven to be remarkably effective in predicting localization and recently Arnold, David, Jerison, Mayboroda and Filoche connected

1

/

u

1/u

to decay properties of eigenfunctions. We aim to clarify properties of the landscape: the main ingredient is a localized variation estimate obtained from writing

ϕ
(
x
)

\phi (x)

as an average over Brownian motion

ω
(
⋅
)

\omega (\cdot )

started in

x
x

\[

ϕ
(
x
)
=

E

x

(
ϕ
(
ω
(
t
)
)

e

λ
t
−

∫

0

t

V
(
ω
(
z
)
)
d
z

)

.

\phi (x) = \mathbb {E}_{x}\left (\phi (\omega (t)) e^{\lambda t-\int _{0}^{t}{V(\omega (z))dz}} \right ).

\]
This variation estimate will guarantee that

ϕ
\phi

has to change at least by a factor of 2 in a small ball, which implicitly creates a landscape whose relationship with

1

/

u

1/u

we discuss.
Effects of U.S. Public Agricultural R&D on U.S. Obesity and its Social Costs
Authors: Alston Julian M. , MacEwan Joanna P. , Okrent Abigail M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractHow much has food abundance, attributable to U.S. public agricultural R&D, contributed to high and rising U.S. obesity rates? In this paper we investigate the effects of public investment in agricultural R&D on food prices, per capita calorie consumption, adult body weight, obesity, public healthcare expenditures related to obesity, and consumer welfare. We find that a 10% increase in the stream of annual U.S. public investment in agricultural R&D in the latter half of the twentieth century would have caused a modest increase in the average daily calorie consumption of American adults, resulting in small increases in public healthcare expenditures related to obesity. On the other hand, such an increase in spending would have generated very substantial consumer benefits, and net national benefits, given the very large benefit‐cost ratios for agricultural R&D. This implies that current policy objectives of revising agricultural R&D priorities to pursue obesity objectives are likely to be comparatively unproductive and socially wasteful. Moreover, R&D lags of decades mean that such an approach would be totally ineffective in the immediate horizon.
An Analysis of Relative Gait Impairment in Commonly Diagnosed Pediatric Conditions
Authors: Litrenta Jody , Gorton George , Ahuja Bhavna , Masso Peter , Drvaric David 
Published: July 2016

Background:
Gait indices were developed to represent the magnitude of impairment extracted from a gait analysis with a single value. The Gillette Gait Index (GGI), and the Gait Deviation Index (GDI) are 2 widely used indices that represent gait impairment differently based on their statistical properties. Our purpose was to (1) report on the results of gait analysis for a broad spectrum of pediatric conditions using the GGI and GDI, and (2) identify the parameters that dominate impairment.

Methods:
A total of 1439 children with 13 different diagnoses with a complete, baseline gait analysis were identified. The GGI and its 16 parameters were calculated in all cases, and the GDI was calculated from a smaller subset. T tests, and z-scores were used to compare each of these values to typically developing children for each diagnosis. A separate linear regression controlling for age, sex, and use of an orthosis, or assistive device was performed for the GGI.

Results:
In our series, there were 71 typically developing children with a GGI of 31. We qualify relative gait impairment as severe, mild, or moderate as based on the GGI, and propose that values <100 represent mild, 100 to 200 represent moderate, and >200 represents severe impairment. On the basis of strong correlation between the GGI and GDI, we suggest that GDI values >80 represent mild, and values <70 represent severe impairment. T tests and z-scores demonstrated that both the number and magnitude of abnormal parameters increase the GGI. These tests also identified the most clinically relevant parameters contributing to functional impairment for each diagnosis. Multivariate linear regression showed that all diagnoses except flatfoot and scoliosis demonstrated statistically significant differences in GGI scores.

Conclusions:
This is the first study to apply these gait indices to a large population of diverse pediatric conditions. We propose GGI and GDI values to qualify gait impairment among these conditions as severe, moderate, or mild. Furthermore, impairment in gait reflects both the number and magnitude of abnormal parameters within each condition.

Level of Evidence:
Level III—retrospective comparative study.
Visual Hallucinations During Hepatitis C Treatment With Sofosbuvir and Simeprevir
Authors: Hoogeveen Ruben C. , Sonnen Max P.A.M. , Sankatsing Sanjay U.C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C treatment are not expected to have the neuropsychiatric adverse effects as sociated with interferon-based therapies. We present the first case of visual hallucinations during chronic hepatitis C treatment with sofosbuvir and simeprevir. Hallucinations ceased upon starting antipsychotic medication, and continuation of treatment was safe.
Left Atrial Volume Assessed by Coronary Computed Tomography in Mid Ventricular Diastasis Predicts Adverse Events
Authors: Boczar Kevin E. , Alam Mohammed , Chow Benjamin J.W. , Dwivedi Girish 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:
Previous studies have demonstrated that left atrial (LA) volume has incremental prognostic value in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE). However, the predictive ability of LA volume in mid diastasis has not been investigated. We determined the incremental predictive value of LA volume indexed to body surface area (LAVi) measured in mid ventricular diastasis.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 96 patients with MACE (all-cause mortality and nonfatal myocardial infarction) were matched to 96 controls without adverse events on follow-up. Coronary computed tomographic angiography images were reconstructed at the 75% phase (mid ventricular diastasis). LA volumes were measured and indexed to the body surface area. The predictive value of LAVi was assessed using Cox proportional hazard models for the MACE.

Results:
LAVi was significantly larger (P<0.001) in the cases with adverse clinical outcomes (63.8±2.1 mL/m2) versus the controls (50.3±1.2 mL/m2). In a multivariate analysis, both significant coronary artery disease (defined as >70% stenosis in at least 1 coronary artery) and LAVi emerged as significant predictors of MACE with P-values of 0.0022 and 0.0001, respectively.

Conclusions:
A significantly larger LAVi was associated with MACE. LAVi was an incremental predictor to traditional clinical variables for MACE. The assessment of LAVi may be considered during coronary computed tomographic angiography and could potentially be incorporated into risk stratification and decision-making strategies.
Recruitment process outsourcing: a case study in Malaysia
Authors: Siew-Chen Sim , Vinayan Gowrie 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the conduct of recruitment process outsourcing (RPO), based on a real-life case study of one company in Malaysia. The paper analyses the company’s process of recruitment outsourcing from beginning to end, in three sections: RPO decision, RPO implementation and RPO outcome.

Design/methodology/approach
– The case study was carried out through semi-structured interviews with relevant respondents, including the country HR manager, the HR staff and operation managers in the organisation, plus with the RPO provider.

Findings
– The key findings, from a theoretical and academic viewpoint, are that RPO decisions and implementation cannot be fully or properly explained by one theory, but are better explained by integrating transaction cost economics, the resource-based view and the Agency Theory. The study also highlights the importance of involving end users in the RPO process.

Research limitations/implications
– While this single case study gives a clear, in-depth insight into the issues in this particular instance, future research extending to a wider range of organisations would serve to expand the findings and provide more generalisable results.

Practical implications
– Practitioners and service providers should be able to draw valuable lessons from the experience of Tech-solution, particularly from the different perceptions and levels of satisfaction about the service provider’s performance between internal HR and the internal end users (operation managers).

Originality/value
– This paper provides a specific and detailed analysis of RPO implementation in practice. It also addresses the call for more RPO outsourcing-specific research in the extant literature.
Influences of Schneiderian membrane conditions on the early outcomes of osteotome sinus floor elevation technique: a prospective cohort study in the healing period
Authors: Qin Lei , Lin Sheng‐xiao , Guo Zheng‐Ze , Zhao Ningbo , Song Ying‐Liang , Xie Chao , Li De‐Hua 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo radiographically investigate early outcomes of osteotome sinus floor elevation in the healing phase utilizing cone beam computed tomography and evaluate influences of Schneiderian membrane conditions.Material and methodsOne hundred patients were consecutively recruited for osteotome sinus floor elevation (OSFE) surgery using deproteinized bone mineral. CBCT was taken prior to (T0), immediately post‐operatively (T1), and after the healing period (T2). Linear and volumetric measurements of the elevated region from T0 to T1 were performed for evaluation on computed tomography (CT).ResultsOsteotome sinus floor elevation were performed in 100 patients. One implant of each patient was selected. Mean residual bone height (RH) was 7.21 ± 1.12 mm. Mean sinus floor elevation height (SE) was 4.81 ± 0.75 mm. The mean endo‐sinus bone gain after the healing period was 3.25 ± 0.83 mm. Pre‐opterative CBCT scans revealed that 72 patients had a normal sinus membrane in osteotome region, 13 patients presented with flat thickened mucosa and 15 patients with antral pseudocysts. There is no significant difference in sinus mucosa elevation height, bone graft volume and new bone formation in group of Thickening membrane and Antral pseudocysts compared with normal.ConclusionsThe radiographical results show that OSFE is a safe and predictable surgical procedure in residual bone height of 7.21 ± 1.12 mm. Mild flat thickening (>2 and <5 mm) and antral pseudocysts in a small size without clinical symptoms may not be contraindications to OSFE surgery.
Prognostic impact of lymph node skip metastasis in Stage III colorectal cancer
Authors: Bao F. , Zhao L.‐y. , Balde A. I. , Liu H. , Yan J. , Li T.‐t. , Chen H. , Li G.‐x. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic impact of lymph node skip metastasis (LNSM) in patients with Stage III colorectal cancer.MethodBetween April 2003 and December 2014, a total of 41 patients with lymph node skip metastasis (skip+) were compared with 86 patients with pericolic lymph node metastases [lymph node distribution (LND)1] and 57 patients with intermediate and/or main lymph node metastasis (LND2+3). All patients had radical D3 lymphadenectomy, performed either laparoscopically or as open surgery.ResultsThe frequency of pT1–2 stage cancer was significantly higher in the skip+ group than in the LND1 group (26.8% vs 5.8%, P = 0.001). The number of metastatic lymph nodes in the skip+ group was lower than in the LND2+3 group (1.9 ± 1.5 vs 6.5 ± 6.0, P < 0.001). The 3‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) of the skip+, LND1 and LND2+3 groups was 64.8%, 69.7% and 40.1%, respectively (P = 0.008). The 3‐year systemic recurrence rates of the skip+, LND1 and LND2+3 groups were 30.2%, 20.3% and 48.1%, respectively; (P = 0.002). Cox regression analysis revealed that preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) of ≥ 5 ng/ml [hazard ratio (HR) = 2.2, P = 0.029], poor differentiation (HR = 3.8, P = 0.001) and skip+ (HR = 0.2, P = 0.021) were independently prognostic factors for DFS.ConclusionThe prognosis for the LND1‐negative lymph node skip metastasis group was better than for the LND2+3 group and was comparable with that of the LND1 group after radical D3 lymphadenectomy.
Evaluating the utility of Binax NOW Streptococcus pneumoniae urinary antigen test in adults with community acquired pneumonia in China
Authors: Zhou Fei , Gu Li , Qu Jiu Xin , Liu Ying Mei , Cao Bin ,   For CAP‐China network
Published: July 2016

AbstractIntroductionBinax NOW rapid immunochromatographic membrane test (ICT), a rapid method for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae antigen, has been used widely in Europe and America, but rarely in China.ObjectiveOur aim is to evaluate the utility of the ICT among adult patients with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in China.MethodsAdult patients with CAP were prospectively recruited from 12 general hospitals. ICT tests were done in all patients and clinical data were recorded. Qualified sputum culture was used as the standard for determining the diagnostic usefulness of ICT test.ResultThousand hundred fifty four CAP patients were enrolled in analysis, with median (IQR) age of 48 (35) years. 276 (23.9%) patients had underling diseases, 770 (66.7%) had received antibiotics before ICT test. Overall, the positive rate of ICT test was 3.3%, with sensitivity and specificity 57.9% and 96.6%, respectively. Disease severity, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), increased age; respiratory rate (RR), neutrophil ratio, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), procalcitonin (PCT) and the decreased oxygenation index were associated with positive results of ICT tests. Patients with BUN >7 mmol/L, CURB‐65 3‐5, PCT > 2ng/mL were the top three groups with highest positive rate of ICT test (22.6%, 22.2% and 21.1% respectively).ConclusionICT test has a moderate sensitivity and high specificity in adults with CAP in China. Patients classified as sever pneumonia, or those with BUN > 7 mmol/L, or PCT > 2 ng/mL are more likely to have positive results.
Herpes zoster of gingiva in an older woman: a rare case report
Authors: Chopra Aditi , Sivaraman Karthik , Thomas Betsy S. 
Published: July 2016

ObjectiveThe aim of the article is to highlight the distinguishing features of secondary varicella gingival infection in an older women.BackgroundHerpes zoster is an acute sporadic, painful viral infection in older people caused by the reactivation of the latent varicella zoster virus. Herpes zoster affecting the gingiva without any dermal lesions is a rare pathological condition that mimics many intraoral vesiculobullous lesions. The ambiguous nature of this condition creates a diagnostic dilemma.Materials and methodsA 58‐year‐old woman presented with an acute, unilateral and persistent burning sensation and pain in the gingiva with desqaumating vesicullobulous lesion.ResultsThe women was diagnosed with secondary varicella zoster infection.ConclusionHerpes zoster of the gingiva could manifest as painful desquamative vesicular lesions, pulpal or other painful neuralgic condition in older individuals which need careful diagnosis before formulating appropiate treatment plan
Cutaneous characteristics and association with antinuclear antibodies in 402 patients with different subtypes of lupus erythematosus
Authors: Patsinakidis N. , Gambichler T. , Lahner N. , Moellenhoff K. , Kreuter A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundLupus erythematosus (LE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by a heterogeneous spectrum of skin manifestations and organ affection, and is frequently associated with serum autoantibodies, which mostly remain positive through the course of the disease. The classification of LE is still a controversial topic.ObjectivesTo examine the prevalence and long‐term course of autoantibodies in patients with cutaneous LE (CLE) and/or systemic LE (SLE) treated in the outpatient clinic for connective tissue diseases of the department of Dermatology in Bochum, Germany.MethodsFour hundred and two patients with LE were evaluated for antinuclear antibodies at a whole of 1572 time points. The prevalence as well as the long‐term positivity of antinuclear antibodies and their correlation with the various subtypes of disease was examined.ResultsAntinuclear antibody (ANA) testing and anti‐ds‐DNA antibodies were not only more prevalent in SLE patients (as expected from the ACR criteria for diagnosis of SLE, P < 0.0001), but also have had a more consistent course in the long‐term evaluation (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0111 respectively). Subacute cutaneous LE (SCLE) was associated with ANA (P = 0.0075), anti‐Ro (P < 0.0001) and anti‐La (P < 0.0001) antibodies, showing also higher consistency rates for these antibodies than discoid LE (DLE, P = 0.049, P = 0.004, P = 0.0004). Our data from 100 patients with LE tumidus (LET) support its perception as a distinct subtype of LE, not correlating with systemic disease or antinuclear antibodies (P < 0.0001). Anti‐U1‐ribonucleoprotein antibodies correlated with CLE in SLE patients (P = 0.0237), whereas non‐LE‐specific antinuclear antibodies were a rare, inconsistent autoimmune epiphenomenon in patients with SLE.ConclusionLong‐term analysis of antinuclear antibodies has shown significant differences in various clinical subtypes of LE, confirming the actual classification of the disease. A serial evaluation of antinuclear antibodies may support the classification of disease in LE patients with overlapping clinical features.
Optimization of Operation Parameters of a Vertical Sterilizer of Medium‐Scale Oil Palm Mill Using Taguchi Method
Authors: Morakinyo T. Afolabi , Bamgboye A. Isaac 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this study optimum operation parameters of a newly developed sterilizer of the medium‐scale oil palm processing mill were investigated for maximum oil yield. Taguchi's experimental design of orthogonal array L9 (
) was adopted to generate nine runs of experiment. Response surface method was used to optimize operation parameters and validated using Taguchi's table. However, experimental result was analyzed to generate predicted‐dependent operation parameters through linear multiple regression equations. Hence, coefficients of correlations were established using Karl Persons's formula. The optimum predicted indepenent operation parameters for the sterilizer were Tenera 33.33 years, 128.89°C, 3 bar, 51.11 min for age of Tenera fruits, initial temperature, pressure of superheated steam, and sterilization period, respectively. These optimum values correspond to 6th run on Taguchi's table. The coefficients of correlations between experimental and predicted values were: 0.87, 0.85, 0.99, and 0.54 for equilibrium temperature, equilibrium pressure, oil yield, and efficiency, respectively.Practical ApplicationsThe indigenous technology of oil palm processing in Nigeria has not been developed beyond small‐scale method, which is characterized with unscientific techniques and facility. In this small‐scale method oil palm fruits are sterilized using unpressurize vessel without instrumentation and control devices for parameters regulation and monitoring. Because of the poor economy in Africa and Nigeria in particular, large‐scale mill remain unaffordable. Hence to enhance productivity of oil palm, a vertical sterilizer was developed as one of the unit operations of a synchronized medium‐scale oil palm fruit processing mill. In this synchronized mill, fresh oil palm fruits were sterilized using developed sterilizer (pressure vessel) that was coupled with fire‐in‐tube boiler. For the effective handling of this facility, investigation of the optimum operation parameters of the sterilizer such as: age of Tenera fruits, superheated steam temperature and pressure, likewise sterilization period is essential to enhance oil yield, hence this study.