bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Energy (<200 eV) Electron Acceleration by ULF Waves in the Plasmaspheric Boundary Layer: Van Allen Probes Observation
Authors: Ren Jie , Zong Q.‐G. , Miyoshi Y. , Zhou X. Z. , Wang Y. F. , Rankin R. , Yue C. , Spence H. E. , Funsten H. O. , Wygant J. R. , Kletzing C. A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWe report observational evidence of cold plasmaspheric electron (<200 eV) acceleration by ultralow frequency (ULF) waves in the plasmaspheric boundary layer on 10 September 2015. Strongly enhanced cold electron fluxes in the energy spectrogram were observed along with second harmonic mode waves with a period of about 1 min which lasted several hours during two consecutive Van Allen Probe B orbits. Cold electron (<200 eV) and energetic proton (10–20 keV) bidirectional pitch angle signatures observed during the event are suggestive of the drift‐bounce resonance mechanism. The correlation between enhanced energy fluxes and ULF waves leads to the conclusions that plasmaspheric dynamics is strongly affected by ULF waves. Van Allen Probe A and B, GOES 13, GOES 15, and MMS 1 observations suggest that ULF waves in the event were strongest on the duskside magnetosphere. Measurements from MMS 1 contain no evidence of an external wave source during the period when ULF waves and injected energetic protons with a bump‐on‐tail distribution were detected by Van Allen Probe B. This suggests that the observed ULF waves were probably excited by a localized drift‐bounce resonant instability, with the free energy supplied by substorm‐injected energetic protons. The observations by Van Allen Probe B suggest that energy transfer between particle species in different energy ranges can take place through the action of ULF waves, demonstrating the important role of these waves in the dynamical processes of the inner magnetosphere.
Moored observations of the Deep Western Boundary Current in the NWAtlantic: 2004–2014
Authors: Toole John M. , Andres Magdalena , Le Bras Isabela A. , Joyce Terrence M. , McCartney Michael S. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA moored array spanning the continental slope southeast of Cape Cod sampled the equatorward‐flowing Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) for a 10 year period: May 2004 to May 2014. Daily profiles of subinertial velocity, temperature, salinity, and neutral density are constructed for each mooring site and cross‐line DWBC transport time series are derived for specified water mass layers. Time‐averaged transports based on daily estimates of the flow and density fields in Stream coordinates are contrasted with those derived from the Eulerian‐mean flow field, modes of DWBC transport variability are investigated through compositing, and comparisons are made to transport estimates for other latitudes. Integrating the daily velocity estimates over the neutral density range of 27.8–28.125 kg/m3 (encompassing Labrador Sea and Overflow Water layers), a mean equatorward DWBC transport of 22.8 × 106 ± 1.9 × 106 m3/s is obtained. Notably, a statistically significant trend of decreasing equatorward transport is observed in several of the DWBC components as well as the current as a whole. The largest linear change (a 4% decrease per year) is seen in the layer of Labrador Sea Water that was renewed by deep convection in the early 1990s whose transport fell from 9.0 × 106 m3/s at the beginning of the field program to 5.8 × 106 m3/s at its end. The corresponding linear fit to the combined Labrador Sea and Overflow Water DWBC transport decreases from 26.4 × 106 to 19.1 × 106 m3/s. In contrast, no long‐term trend is observed in upper ocean Slope Water transport. These trends are discussed in the context of decadal observations of the North Atlantic circulation, and subpolar air‐sea interaction/water mass transformation.
A review of nonstandardized applicators digitization in Nucletron™ HDR procedures
Authors: Wang Kelin , Ferenci Michele S. , de la Zerda Alberto , Padgett Kyle R. , Bossart Elizabeth L. , Chao Ming , Shao Hua , Zhang Mutain 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe major errors in HDR procedures were failures to enter the correct treatment distance, which could be caused by either entering wrong transmission lengths or imprecisely digitizing the dwelling positions. Most of those errors were not easily avoidable by enhancing the HDR management level because they were caused by implementations of nonstandardized applicators utilizing transmission tubes of different lengths in standard HDR procedures. We performed this comprehensive study to include all possible situations with different nonstandardized applicators that frequently occurred in HDR procedures, provide corresponding situations with standard applicator as comparisons, list all possible errors and in planning, clarify the confusions in offsets setting, and provide mathematical and quantitative solutions for each given scenarios. Training on HDR procedures with nonstandardized applicators are normally not included in most residential program for medical physics, thus this study could be meaningful in both clinical and educational purpose. At precision of 1 mm, our study could be used as the essential and practical reference for finding the correct treatment length as well as locating the accurate dwelling positions in any HDR procedure with nonstandardized applicators.
Preparation and fabrication of a full‐scale, sagittal‐sliced, 3D‐printed, patient‐specific radiotherapy phantom
Authors: Craft Daniel F. , Howell Rebecca M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPurposePatient‐specific 3D‐printed phantoms have many potential applications, both research and clinical. However, they have been limited in size and complexity because of the small size of most commercially available 3D printers as well as material warping concerns. We aimed to overcome these limitations by developing and testing an effective 3D printing workflow to fabricate a large patient‐specific radiotherapy phantom with minimal warping errors. In doing so, we produced a full‐scale phantom of a real postmastectomy patient.MethodsWe converted a patient's clinical CT DICOM data into a 3D model and then sliced the model into eleven 2.5‐cm‐thick sagittal slices. The slices were printed with a readily available thermoplastic material representing all body tissues at 100% infill, but with air cavities left open. Each slice was printed on an inexpensive and commercially available 3D printer. Once the printing was completed, the slices were placed together for imaging and verification. The original patient CT scan and the assembled phantom CT scan were registered together to assess overall accuracy.ResultsThe materials for the completed phantom cost $524. The printed phantom agreed well with both its design and the actual patient. Individual slices differed from their designs by approximately 2%. Registered CT images of the assembled phantom and original patient showed excellent agreement.ConclusionsThree‐dimensional printing the patient‐specific phantom in sagittal slices allowed a large phantom to be fabricated with high accuracy. Our results demonstrate that our 3D printing workflow can be used to make large, accurate, patient‐specific phantoms at 100% infill with minimal material warping error.
Spatial Differences in Cellular and Molecular Responses as a Function of the Material Used in Conduit‐Mediated Repair and Autograft Treatment of Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Authors: Daly William T. , Niemier Ryan , Dillon Simon T. , Wang Huan , Mirsky Rhona , Jessen Kristjan , Windebank Anthony , Pandit Abhay 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe treatment of peripheral nerve injuries remains a major problem worldwide despite the availability of a number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved devices which fail to match the efficacy of autografts. Different strategies are used to improve regeneration and functional recovery using biomaterial nerve conduits. However, there is little investigation of the transcriptomic and proteomic changes which occur as a result of these interventions, particularly regarding transection injuries. This study explores differences between autograft‐mediated repair and conduit‐material‐mediated repair of peripheral nerve injuries to understand fundamental differences in their repair mechanisms at the proteomics level at the proximal, middle, and distal components in the early stages of repair. Pathway analysis demonstrates that each material selectively activates different regenerative pathways and alters different biological functions spatially throughout the biomaterial conduits. The analysis highlights some of the deficiencies in conduit‐mediated repair in comparison to autograft (e.g., recycling of myelin and cholesterol, reduction in reactive oxygen species, and higher expression of regenerative proteins). These findings thus suggest that by supplementing the expression of these proteins on the biomaterial of choice, this study can potentially attain regeneration equivalent to autograft. This approach paves the way for incorporating future biomaterial‐specific functionalities in nerve guidance conduits.
2D Arrangement of Polymer Microsphere Photonic Cavities Doped with Novel N‐Rich Carbon Quantum Dots Display Enhanced One‐ and Two‐Photon Luminescence Driven by Optical Resonances
Authors: Venkatakrishnarao Dasari , Sahoo Chakradhar , Vattikunta Radhika , Annadhasan Mari , Naraharisetty Sri Ram G. , Chandrasekar Rajadurai 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLuminescent carbon dots (CDs) are emerging as a potential eco‐friendly alternative to standard metal‐based semiconductor quantum dots. A solvatothermal method to prepare crystalline, nitrogen‐rich, surface‐passivated, and rare excitation wavelength‐independent green‐emitting (λmax ≈ 522 nm in solution and 536 nm in solid) CDs from a pyridine diamine precursor in ethanol solvent is reported here. In comparison to a neat thin film of CDs, a film of CD‐doped polystyrene microspheres (PS‐CDs) displays a remarkable enhancement of the photoluminescence emission intensity driven by optical cavity effect of the composite microspheres. Apart from downconversion one‐photon luminescence, upon excitation with 800 nm femtosecond pulse laser, pure CDs and PS‐CDs exhibit enhanced upconversion two‐photon luminescence in the range of about 410–580 nm.
Commentary on Community Mental Health and the Common Good
Authors: Arrigo Bruce , Davidson Larry 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThis article comments on the core question addressed by this Special Issue: “What's good about public sector mental health?” Theoretical, empirical, and programmatic insights derived from the Issue's six article contributions guide the overall commentary. Several points of thematic overlap are featured in these preliminary observations, and these themes are suggestive for directing future research (e.g., citizenship studies) in the field of community mental health. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microfluidic co‐culture devices to assess penetration of nanoparticles into cancer cell mass
Authors: Jarvis Maria , Arnold Michael , Ott Jenna , Pant Kapil , Prabhakarpandian Balabhaskar , Mitragotri Samir 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn vitro and in vivo assessment of safety and efficacy are the essential first steps in developing nanoparticle‐based therapeutic systems. However, it is often challenging to use the knowledge gained from in vitro studies to predict the outcome of in vivo studies since the complexity of the in vivo environment, including the existence of flow and a multicellular environment, is often lacking in traditional in vitro models. Here, we describe a microfluidic co‐culture model comprising 4T1 breast cancer cells and EA.hy926 endothelial cells under physiological flow conditions and its utilization to assess the penetration of therapeutic nanoparticles from the vascular compartment into a cancerous cell mass. Camptothecin nanocrystals (∼310 nm in length), surface‐functionalized with PEG or folic acid, were used as a test nanocarrier. Camptothecin nanocrystals exhibited only superficial penetration into the cancerous cell mass under fluidic conditions, but exhibited cytotoxicity throughout the cancerous cell mass. This likely suggests that superficially penetrated nanocrystals dissolve at the periphery and lead to diffusion of molecular camptothecin deep into the cancerous cell mass. The results indicate the potential of microfluidic co‐culture devices to assess nanoparticle‐cancerous cell interactions, which are otherwise difficult to study using standard in vitro cultures.
Identification of dysregulated lncRNAs profiling and metastasis‐associated lncRNAs in colorectal cancer by genome‐wide analysis
Authors: Chen Yan , Yu Xiang , Xu Yongcan , Shen Hua 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related death worldwide, but the pathogenesis of CRC remains not well‐known. Increasing studies have highlighted the critical roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in tumorigenesis and cancer cells metastasis, however, the expression pattern, biological roles of lncRNAs, and the mechanisms responsible for their function in CRC remain elusive. In this study, we performed a genome‐wide comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs profiling and clinical relevance to identify novel lncRNAs for the further study in CRC. RNA sequencing and microarray data obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) were annotated and analyzed to find differentially expressed lncRNAs in CRC. Analysis of these datasets revealed that hundreds of lncRNAs expression are dysregulated in CRC tissues when compared with normal tissues. By genomic variation analyses, we identified that some of these lncRNAs dysregulation is associated with the copy number amplification or deletion. Moreover, many lncRNAs expression levels are significantly associated with CRC patients overall and recurrence‐free survivals, such as H19, LEF1‐AS1, and RP11‐296E3.2. Furthermore, we identified one liver metastasis‐associated lncRNA termed LUCAT1 in CRC by analyzing lncRNAs expression profiles in the CRC tissues from patients with liver metastasis compared with the CRC tissues without metastasis. Finally, loss‐of‐function assays determined that knockdown of LUCAT1 could impair CRC cells invasion. Taken together, aberrantly expressed lncRNAs may play critical roles in the development and liver metastasis of CRC, and our findings may provide useful resource for identification of novel biomarkers of CRC.
Molecular Engineering of UV/Vis Light‐Emitting Diode (LED)‐Sensitive Donor–π–Acceptor‐Type Sulfonium Salt Photoacid Generators: Design, Synthesis, and Study of Photochemical and Photophysical Properties
Authors: Wu Xingyu , Jin Ming , Xie Jianchao , Malval Jean‐Pierre , Wan Decheng 
Published: August 2017

AbstractA series of donor–π–acceptor‐type sulfonium salt photoacid generators (PAGs) were designed and synthesized by systematically changing electron‐donating groups, π‐conjugated systems, electron‐withdrawing groups, and the number of branches through molecular engineering. These PAGs can effectively decompose under UV/Vis irradiation from a light‐emitting diode (LED) light source because of the matching absorption and emitting spectra of the LEDs. The absorption and acid‐generation properties of these sulfonium salts were elucidated by UV/Vis spectroscopy and so forth. Results indicated that the PAG performance benefited from the introduction of strong electron‐donating groups, specific π‐conjugated structures, certain electron‐withdrawing groups, or two‐branched structures. Most sulfonium salts showed potential as photoinitiators under irradiation by a wide variety of UV and visible LEDs.
3D Modeling of a Catalyst Layer with Transport Pores for Fischer‐Tropsch Synthesis
Authors: Bufe Alexander , Klee Matthias , Wehinger Gregor , Turek Thomas , Brenner Gunther 
Published: August 2017

AbstractLiquid‐filled pores of Fischer‐Tropsch catalyst lead to slow diffusion of the reactants and can cause internal transport limitations leading to a significant decrease of selectivity and productivity. As an approach to overcome these limitations, transport pores can be added to provide an additional pathway for mass transport. In this work, a 3D isothermal model was developed, which takes the effect of concentration gradients within the transport pores into account. A comparison with a 1D model showed, that a description by a 3D model is necessary for transport pores with diameters larger than 10 µm.
Probing the Nature of Surface Barriers on ZSM‐5 by Surface Modification
Authors: Ye Guanghua , Guo Zhongyuan , Sun Yuanyuan , Zhu Kake , Liu Honglai , Zhou Xinggui , Coppens Marc‐Olivier 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe nature of external surface barriers in the zeolite ZSM‐5 was explored by comparing mass transfer of n‐heptane in samples with different crystal sizes, surface structure, and composition. These different surface properties were achieved by HF acid etching and SiO2 deposition on an as‐synthesized ZSM‐5 crystal sample. HF etching does not reduce surface barriers. SiO2 deposition on the same sample reduces surface barriers significantly. These insights into the nature of surface barriers could be used to guide the rational design of zeolitic materials with better mass transport properties.
Frustrated Lewis Trios and Long‐Range Hole Interactions: A Combined Structural and Theoretical Study of LB−AX3⋅⋅⋅LB and LB⋅⋅⋅AX3⋅⋅⋅LB (A=B, Al, Ga, In) Systems
Authors: Echeverría Jorge 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHerein, we present a theoretical study of systems with long‐range Lewis acid–base interactions that involve a triel center and two electron donor species. These intermediate situations, between LB−AX3 and LB−AX3−LB (LB=Lewis base, A=group 13 element), exist experimentally and their interaction topologies obey precise geometrical rules, such that they show a marked directionality and a clear dependence between the two A–LB distances. Despite the relatively long acid⋅⋅⋅base distances of up to 4 Å, the interaction energies calculated at the M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ level are considerably large (5–25 kcal mol−1). A significant contribution to the interaction is related to the lone‐pair‐containing species that interacts with the π hole of the acid center, as revealed by the natural bond order, atoms in molecules, and molecular electrostatic potential analyses. Remarkably, this n(N)→σAl−N* interaction persists even at distances greater than the sum of the van der Waals radii.
Photochemical [2+2] Cyclization of Helical Phosphinamides in Solution and in the Solid State
Authors: Demmer Charles S. , Aillard Paul , Febvay Julie , Retailleau Pascal , Voituriez Arnaud , Marinetti Angela 
Published: August 2017

AbstractPhosphole‐based phosphahelicenes which entail unprecedented phosphinamide functions have been prepared. One of these diastereomeric phosphinamides displays an unusual propensity to intermolecular photochemical [2+2] cyclization leading to a bis‐phosphahelicene. The reaction affords the head‐to‐tail heterochiral diastereomer with total regio‐ and diastereoselectivity. The reaction has been observed not only in solution but also in the solid state, as a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal process, under either X‐ray or sunlight irradiation. The solid‐state arrangement of the starting compound strongly prefigures the geometry of the final dimeric species and accounts for the particular ease by which this reaction takes place. The second diastereomer of the phosphinamide does not undergo dimerization under analogous photochemical conditions which can be attributed to an unfavourable arrangement in the solid state.
Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility in Spanish Agribusiness and Its Influence on Innovation and Performance
Authors: Briones Peñalver Antonio Juan , Bernal Conesa Juan Andrés , de Nieves Nieto Carmen 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn this paper, a model of structural equations is proposed to analyze the relationship between the actions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and its influence on innovation and cooperation in agribusiness sector located in Murcia, Spain. These companies have always been characterized by an innovative and cooperative spirit to meet the demands of their customers. The proposed model shows the relationship between cooperation and innovation and their influence on economic performance. Moreover, the model suggests, first that innovation partially mediates the relationship between cooperation and performance and second that cooperation partially mediates the relationship between CSR and innovation. Insiders (employees, partners, and managers) and external agents (suppliers and society) and its association with the strategy of innovation and cooperation and the various measures and economic outcomes associated with CSR are also studied. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Cobalt Doping To Boost the Electrochemical Properties of Ni@Ni3S2 Nanowire Films for High‐Performance Supercapacitors
Authors: Xu Shusheng , Wang Tao , Ma Yujie , Jiang Wenkai , Wang Shuai , Hong Min , Hu Nantao , Su Yanjie , Zhang Yafei , Yang Zhi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMetal sulfides have aroused great interest for energy storage. However, their low specific capacities and inferior rate capabilities hinder their practical applications. In this work, a facile cobalt‐doping process is used to boost the electrochemical performance of Ni@Ni3S2 core–sheath nanowire film electrodes for high‐performance electrochemical energy storage. Co ions are doped successfully and uniformly into Ni3S2 nanosheets through a facile ion‐exchange process. The electrochemical properties of film electrodes are improved greatly, and an ultrahigh volumetric capacity (increased from 105 to 730 C cm−3 at 0.25 A cm−3) and excellent rate capability are obtained after Co is doped into Ni@Ni3S2 core–sheath nanowires. A hybrid asymmetric supercapacitor with Co‐doped Ni@Ni3S2 as the positive electrode and graphene‐carbon nanotubes as the negative electrode is assembled and exhibits an ultrahigh volumetric capacitance of 142 F cm−3 (based on the total volume of both electrodes) at 0.5 A cm−3 and excellent cycling stability (only 3 % capacitance decrease after 5000 cycles). Moreover, the volumetric energy density can reach 44.5 mWh cm−3, which is much larger than those of thin‐film lithium batteries (1–10 mWh cm−3). These results may provide useful insights for the fabrication of high‐performance film electrodes for energy‐storage applications.