bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La economía espiritual en Antioquia. Las funciones de las capellanías entre los siglos XVII-XVIII
Authors: Marulanda Restrepo Juan Sebastián 
Published: December 2016

Mediante el uso de los documentos de escribanos del período colonial, este trabajo presenta el desarrollo y la influencia de las capellanías en la Provincia de Antioquia durante los siglos XVII y XVIII. Las capellanías fueron instituciones piadosas al servicio de las almas de sus fundadores y beneficiaron a familiares y clérigos allegados. A partir de las inquietudes escatológicas sobre el más allá, las capellanías cumplieron funciones terrenales como la educativa, la rentista y la crediticia, en el marco de una “economía espiritual”, y consolidaron las redes familiares y políticas del poder. Por otra parte, los bienes de las capellanías contribuyeron al crecimiento económico regional a través de la inversión en actividades productivas.Palabras clave: capellanías, escatología, economía espiritual, clérigos, crédito, familia.The "economía espiritual" in Antioquia. The Functions of Chaplaincies Between 17t h and 18t h CenturiesAbstractThrough the check of affidavits from the colonial period, this work presents the development and the influence of the chaplaincies in Antioquia between 17th and 18th centuries. The chaplaincies were pious institutions that served the souls of its founders and benefited at family priests. From the afterlife beliefs, the chaplaincies had roles in education, income and credit, as part of an "economía espiritual" (spiritual economy), and they strengthed the political and family connections within the power. Furthermore, the chaplaincies contributed to economic growth in Antioquia, with the investment of its goods in profitable activities.Keywords: chaplaincies, afterlife beliefs, spiritual economy, priests, credit, family relationships.
Empresa, civilización y política: representaciones sobre el oficio periodístico en El Diario de Pereira y Vanguardia Liberal de Bucaramanga durante la República Liberal
Authors: Acevedo Tarazona Álvaro , Correa Ramírez John Jaime 
Published: December 2016

En el contexto de la República Liberal (1930-1946), El Diario de Pereira y Vanguardia Liberal de Bucaramanga fueron los referentes de la prensa liberal en sus respectivas regiones. En medio del protagonismo adquirido con la consolidación del liberalismo en las instancias locales, regionales y nacionales del poder a partir de 1930, sus contenidos abundaron en argumentaciones sobre el sentido de su labor periodística respecto a tres perspectivas específicas: como empresa, como vocero civilizador, y como tribuna política. En su conjunto estas perspectivas son las que marcan la pauta del papel orientador desarrollado por ambos periódicos durante estos años y representan el fundamento del análisis presentado en este artículo.Palabras clave: periodismo, República Liberal, El Diario, Vanguardia Liberal.Enterprise,Civilization and Politic: Representations About the Journalism Function in El Diario From Pereira and Vanguardia Liberal From Bucaramanga Among the Liberal RepublicAbstractWithin the context of the Liberal Republic (1930-1946) El Diario from Pereira and Vanguardia Liberal from Bucaramanga were the main referents of the liberal press in their regions. As part of the prominence that these newspapers acquired after 1930, thanks to the consolidation of the liberalism in the local, regional and national levels, their contents presented three different perspectives of their journalism function sense: as a company, as and as civilizing representative and as a political tribune. Together these perspectives shape the guiding role developed by both newspapers during those years and represent the basis of the analysis presented in this article.Keywords: journalism, Liberal Republic, El Diario, Vanguardia Liberal.
Conquista y creación del espacio urbano en la Provincia de Neiva, Timaná y Saldana
Authors: Montealegre Sánchez Humberto 
Published: December 2016

El autor trabaja aspectos fundacionales alrededor de la creación y expansión de los espacios urbanos y de poblamiento de las ciudades, villas, parroquias y viceparroquias del Alto Magdalena desde el siglo XVI; así como los desarrollos político-administrativos y sus reordenamientos territoriales, en el marco de las leyes de indias y la presencia de la Iglesia, ésta de gran incidencia en los asentamientos urbanos de las provincias del Nuevo Reino de Granada.Este texto se fundamenta en el enfoque historiográfico y metodológico de la historia regional y local, dirigida al estudio de los fenómenos y procesos urbanos, poblacionales y político-administrativos. Problemas que, en los últimos años, los historiadores han comenzado a indagar en los contextos provinciales y parroquiales. El autor recurre a los archivos internacionales, nacionales, departamentales y de las Academias de Historia, así como a las fuentes documentales impresas, gráficas e historiográficas. Palabras clave: conquista, urbano, iglesia, cabildo, Alto MagdalenaConquest and Creation of Urban in the Province of Neiva, Timana y SaldanaAbstract The author examines the foundational aspects around the creation and expansion of urban and settlement of the cities, towns, parishes and vice-parishes Alto Magdalena since the 16th century, and political-administrative developments and territorial rearrangements, under Indian laws and the presence of the Church, thi high incidence in urban settlements in the provinces of the Nuevo Reino de Granada (New Kingdom of Granada).This paper is based on the historiographical and methodological approach ofregionaland localhistory, aiming to the studyof urban, demographic, political and administrative processes and phenomena. Problems, tha historianshave begun toresearch on th provincial and parish contexts inthe las years. The authordraws oninternational, national, and provincial archivesan documentation from Academias de Historia (Academies of History), as well as on printed documentary sources, graphi andhistoriographical.Keywords: conquest, urban, church, Cabildo, Alto Magdalena
Métodos de conservación para actinobacterias con actividad solubilizadora de fósforo
Authors: Franco Correa Marcela , Prada Salcedo Luis Daniel , Ortiz Martinez Lady Tatiana , Ocampo Murillo Valeria 
Published: December 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar diferentes métodos de conservación para actinobacterias solubilizadoras de fósforo debido a la poca información de métodos específicos reportados para estos microorganismos. Los métodos de conservación se evaluaron a 3 diferentes periodos de tiempo; largo, mediano y corto plazo, usando métodos de congelación y liofilización; arcilla, sílica, arena y transferencia periódica, respectivamente. Para ello se usaron 15 aislamientos de 3 localidades diferentes (La Vega, Maní y Tota) y un banco de referencia de la Unidad de Investigaciones Agropecuarias de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Se prepararon todos los inóculos en solución salina al 0,85% (p/v) y se ajustaron a una concentración de 108 cel/mL, seguido a ello se inocularon los viales de cada método de conservación con sus respectivos crioprotectantes, glicerol 20% (v/v), 30% (v/v) para congelación y skim milk 18% (p/v) para liofilización. Los métodos a mediano plazo se ejecutaron de igual manera, el inóculo se agregó a 10 perlas de arcilla, 10 g de arena y 5 g de sílica, posteriormente se almacenaron a 4ºC. El método de corto plazo se evaluó en agar avena (15 g/L). La evaluación se realizó mediante recuento directo en cámara de Neubauer por la técnica de azul de tripán, además de la caracterización macroscópica y microscópica de cada aislamiento en transferencia periódica. Se estableció que la actividad solubilizadora de fósforo se mantuvo más estable en los métodos de glicerol 30 % (p/v) y liofilización según el análisis estadístico. Palabras clave: viabilidad, crioprotectantes, banco, liofilización, crioconservación.
Diseño y evaluación de un biosistema de tratamiento a escala piloto de aguas de curtiembres a través de la Eichhornia crassipes
Authors: Carreño Sayago Uriel Fernando 
Published: December 2016

Desde el punto de vista ambiental, el sector de curtiembres siempre ha sido catalogado como altamente contaminante, donde su proceso productivo del cuero a partir de un tratamiento físico-químico de pieles de animales genera contaminantes químicos como el cromo y desechos orgánicos que causan impactos ambientales negativos sobre los ecosistemas. Los ecosistemas naturales, tales como los humedales, son los sistemas más productivos en el mundo como resultado de la abundancia de luz, agua, nutrientes. Debido a esta abundancia y favorabilidad es común encontrar la presencia de plantas que han desarrollado adaptaciones morfológicas y bioquímicas permitiéndoles aprovechar al máximo las ventajas de estas condiciones de su entorno, las cuales han sido comúnmente denominadas malezas acuáticas. Entre estas malezas flotantes (macrofitas) se encuentra el Jacinto de Agua (Eichornia crassipes), el cual tiene una amplia presencia en los cuerpos húmedos de Cundinamarca (Colombia), presentan un alta capacidad invasiva desarrollando un esparcimiento elevado en estos sistemas acuáticos. Pero esta planta tiene la capacidad de transformar la materia orgánica y sobre todo acumular diferentes metales pesados en su morfología. En la presente investigación, se diseñó y construyó un biosistema de tratamiento para la remoción y retención de cromo de aguas contaminadas por los residuos del proceso de las curtiembres, siendo la Eichhornia crassipes, el agente retenedor de estos compuestos contaminantes, donde se evidencio una solución económica y tecnológicamente viable para el sector industrial.Palabras claves: Eichhornia crassipes, cromo, curtiembres, biosistema.
Caracterización de aceites de las semillas de Moringa oleífera a partir de la extracción por diferentes métodos
Authors: Gómez Mitjans Diana , Pita Bravo Vicenta , Zumalacárregui de Cárdenas Beatriz 
Published: December 2016

La Moringa oleífera es una planta que se utiliza como materia prima en diferentes industrias, como la alimentaria, farmacéutica y cosmética. Una de las partes aprovechables del árbol es la semilla debido a su contenido entre un 30 y 45 % de aceite. Sus propiedades terapéuticas potencian su uso en el tratamiento de más de 300 enfermedades. En esta investigación se caracterizó el aceite extraído de las semillas de Moringa oleífera de las variedades de origen cubano Supergenious, Plain y Nicaragua, a partir de extracciones sólido-líquido con hexano y etanol como disolventes y por el método de prensado mecánico de la variedad Nicaragua. A través de un diseño de experimento 2K se analizaron las variables relación soluto-disolvente, tiempo de extracción, y la granulometría seleccionándose las corridas con mayores valores de porcentaje de extracción. Los aceites correspondientes a la selección se caracterizaron fisicoquímica y fitoquímicamente y los valores se compararon con variedades de diferentes regiones reportadas en la literatura. Se demostró que el método de prensado es eficiente, económico y no influye en las propiedades del producto obtenido. Palabras clave: Moringa oleífera, extracción sólido-líquido, análisis fisicoquímico, prensado mecánico, cromatografía gaseosa.
Droga e publicidade: uma visão simbólica
Authors: Houdayer Hélène 
Published: December 2016

As condutas de intoxicação apresentam componentes encontrados como argumentos de venda e de comunicação no quadro do esquema publicitário. Dois chamam atenção: a idéia de conduta de risco para fazer emergir a noção de aventura e o recurso às substâncias artificiais para promover um estilo de vida.
Educating through Communities of Practice
Authors: Sultana Carl-Mario 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this paper is to attempt at building a bridge between education and situated learning. The etymology of the word education outlines the two major ways of envisioning education. The meaning which we give to the term ‘education’ surely influences the ways in which the process of education unfolds and is actually conducted. The Constructivist Approach which is being used in education today is characterised by its student­centeredness rather than teacher­‑centeredness. The adoption of Communities of Practice from the industrial sphere to the realm of Catholic schools is a way in which education as bringing forth from the student (e­‑ducere) and the constructivist approach developed earlier can be put into practice in Catholic Schools. Communities of practice create the right condition for situated learning in Catholic schools today. It is here that legitimate peripheral participation can be put into practice, thus fulfilling the Church’s mission of evangelisation in our contemporary culture by drawing students from the periphery of the educational endeavour, making them active participants at the core.
Families of Children with Chronic Illness and the Relational Family Model
Authors: Pate Tanja 
Published: December 2016

Families of children with chronic illness experience persistent stress. Facing the diagnosis and learning how to cope with it is a stressful experience not only for the child but also for the parents and for the whole family. The illness, with its unpredictability and treatment, disturbs their daily routine and threatens the whole family system. Parental involvement in the child’s disease management and their emotional support are crucial for effective coping and adaptation to the child’s chronic illness. The aim of this article is to present the importance of the parental role in these families through theoretical findings of the relational family model.
Human Dignity in Law – A Case Study of the Polish Legal System
Authors: Butrymowicz Magdalena 
Published: December 2016

Human dignity is one of the most fundamental ideas in the entire international human rights system. As from the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, in 1948, the concept of the human dignity become used as a tool to protect the basic needs of humans. The other formal instruments of international human rights also make reference to dignity. Whereas international law widely accepted the inherence of dignity, controversies still arise around the source of the dignity. Polish lawmakers, on the other hand, have no doubt about the fact the concept of dignity comes from natural law. Poland, in her Constitution, refers to the teaching of John Paul II about the source, value and meaning of human dignity. There is no doubt that concept of human dignity, even when it is controversial, is the most widely accepted by all religions and political society in the world.
Monitorização da Expansão Pulmonar Após Manobras de Fisioterapia Respiratória por Meio do Tomógrafo de Impedância Elétrica
Authors: Barrientto Larissa , Ratti Ligia , Tonella Rodrigo , Faez Daniela , Dos Anjos Ana Paula Ragonete , Figueiredo Luciana Castilho 
Published: December 2016

A tomografia de impedância elétrica é um método não invasivo de visualização da mecânica respiratória beira-leito. Este exame permiteobservar, em tempo real, a ventilação regional pulmonar a cada ciclo respiratório com o objetivo de se otimizar e observar os efeitos imediatos dos ajustes de ventilação mecânica e\ou terapia respiratória. O objetivo é monitorar e avaliar a reexpansão pulmonar durante as manobras fisioterapêuticas de bloqueio torácico e hiperinsuflação pulmonar com AMBU® por meio do tomógrafo de impedância elétrica. Apresentação dos resultados e a interpretação da monitorização pela tomografia por impedância elétrica torácica em paciente vítima de trauma cranioencefálico, com diagnóstico de pneumonia em hemitórax esquerdo, internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva submetido à manobra de bloqueio torácicoe a manobra de hiperinsuflação pulmonar. Previamente à manobra de bloqueio torácico, as porcentagens de áreas ventiladas foram: quadrante 1 50%, quadrante 3 34%, quadrante 2 3% e quadrante 4 11%. Após a manobra os resultados obtidos foram: quadrante 1 50%, quadrante 3 22%, quadrante 2 14% e quadrante 4 13%. Na hiperinsuflação pulmonar, previamente as porcentagens de áreas ventiladas foram: quadrante 1 33%, quadrante 3 25%, quadrante 2 22% e quadrante 4 19%. Após a hiperinsuflação pulmonar os resultados obtidos foram: quadrante 1 39%, quadrante 3 22%, quadrante 2 23% e quadrante 4 15%. Após as manobra de bloqueio torácico há redistribuição da ventilação pulmonar nopulmão contralateral e na hiperinsuflação pulmonar houve redistribuição da ventilação pulmonar em ápices pulmonares e redução em bases. A monitorização também mostra que essas manobras são eficazes para reexpansão pulmonar.
Methodologies for Teaching English to Adult Students in Spanish Vocational Education Programs
Authors: Castañeda Sergio 
Published: December 2016

This paper explores strategies used by teach- ers of English in Spain to compensate for learning limitations associated with student age. As part of a qualitative study of multiple cases, twenty teachers from different voca- tional programs volunteered to participate in semi-structured interviews. The interviews revealed the difficulties that older Spanish adult students experience in learning Eng- lish in age-diverse classrooms. The findings specifically indicate that older adult learners face numerous obstacles in oral compre- hension and language production because of the translation and grammatical method- ologies with which they were educated. A further obstacle is their younger classmates’ linguistic superiority. Special attention is paid to the methodologies used by teachers of age-diverse groups, including material speci- ficity, real-life practice, repetition and system- atization, skill-oriented tasks, and collabora- tive or cooperative learning.
Association of Serum Triglyceride Level and Gemfibrozil Consumption With Periodontal Status
Authors: Sayar Ferena , Akhondi Nasrin , Fallah Soltanali , Moalemnia Amir Abbas , Cheraghi Azra 
Published: December 2016

Background: Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Considering the suggested association between periodontal and cardiovascular diseases, this study sought to assess the association, if any, between serum triglyceride (TG) levels and gemfibrozil consumption with periodontal parameters.Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted on 90 participants, including 30 individuals with a normal lipid profile (group H), 30 patients with hypertriglyceridemia and not on medication (group N), and 30 patients with hypertriglyceridemia and taking gemfibrozil over a 3‐month period (group M). Periodontal parameters including probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque index were measured at four sites of each tooth. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), TG, low‐density lipoprotein, and high‐density lipoprotein were measured.Results: Mean values for PD and CAL in the two hypertriglyceridemic groups were significantly higher than those of the H group (P <0.001). After controlling for confounding variables, significant linear correlations were noted between PD and BOP, PD and TC, PD and TG, and CAL and TG in each group (P <0.01).Conclusions: Patients with hypertriglyceridemia had worse periodontal status than healthy controls. Patients with hypertriglyceridemia who were taking gemfibrozil did not show significant differences in CAL and PD compared with untreated patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
Treatment of Non‐Contained Infrabony Defects With Enamel Matrix Derivative Alone or in Combination With Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bone Graft: A 12‐Month Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Losada Meritxell , González Rodrigo , Garcia Àngels Pujol , Santos Antonio , Nart José 
Published: December 2016

Background: Use of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) when dealing with non‐contained defects may be limited because EMD does not maintain a space itself. Use of combined therapy has been proposed, using a bone graft in combination with EMD to avoid collapse of the flap into the bony defect during healing time. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiologic healing response of non‐contained infrabony defects after treatment with a combination of EMD and biphasic calcium phosphate (BC) or EMD alone.Methods: Fifty‐two patients with at least one infrabony defect ≥3 mm in depth with a probing depth (PD) ≥6 mm were randomly treated with EMD/BC or EMD alone. Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated at baseline, 6, and 12 months after surgery. To standardize the procedure, an acrylic stent and millimeter radiographic grid were used. The primary outcome was the change in clinical attachment level (CAL).Results: Analysis of the data demonstrated a statistically significant difference from baseline within each group (P <0.05), with a difference in clinical and radiographic parameters at 6 and 12 months. After 1 year, mean PD reductions of 3.14 ± 1.95 mm (39.6%) in the EMD/BC group and 3.30 ± 1.89 mm (48.7%) in the EMD group were achieved. A mean CAL gain of 2.38 ± 2.17 mm (24.9%) in the EMD/BC group and 2.65 ± 2.18 mm (36.2%) in the EMD group were obtained. Reduction in the infrabony component was 2.71 ± 1.79 mm (57.9%) in the test group and 2.60 ± 2.03 mm (28.5%) in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences between treatment groups.Conclusions: It was concluded that treatment of non‐contained infrabony defects with EMD, with or without BC, resulted in statistically significantly better results after 12 months compared with baseline measurements. In contrast, the combined approach did not result in a statistically significant improvement.
Progress of Foreign Banks Vis-À- Indian Banks
Authors: Vinila T. 
Published: December 2016

<div><p><em>A review of comparative<strong> </strong>progress made by the foreign banks in India vis-à-vis their counterpart Indian banks in terms of basic banking performance indicators for a 15 year period commencing from 1999-2000 is made in this Chapter so as to trace their status, strengths and limitations so far as their operations in India are concerned. The basic performance indicators that are taken into consideration are number of employees working, deposits, advances, branches, income and expenditure, profit, etc. It is to further mention here that the entire period of study is divided into three comprising each of five year duration so as to observe periodical trends and appropriately compound growth rates for each period are calculated for logical analysis and interpretation. </em><strong><em></em></strong></p></div>
Application of geoinformation techniques to determine zones of sediment resuspension induced by wind waves in lakes (using two lakes from Northern Poland as examples)
Authors: Bajkiewicz-Grabowska Elżbieta , Markowski Maciej , Lemańczyk Krzysztof 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Resuspension in lakes affects the quality of lake water. It is possible to model this process and visualize its outcomes using GIS tools. An assessment of the size of the zone of sediment resuspension was made for two lakes located in Northern Poland threatened by rapid eutrophication. For each of the lakes, four simulations using two methods for determining the effective wind length (F) (Model 1 and Model 2) and two methods for determining the wind wavelength (Lw) (Model A and Model B) were performed. The analysis, taking into account the morphometry of the studied lakes and anemometric conditions, indicated that the differentiator is the applied simulation method of calculating the wavelength caused by the wind. The analysis is theoretical in nature and the results need to be verified in the field..