bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical Activity in Bariatric Surgery Patients: Does Temperament Matter?
Authors: Gruner‐Labitzke Kerstin , Claes Laurence , Bartsch Merle , Schulze Mareike , Langenberg Svenja , Köhler Hinrich , Marschollek Michael , de Zwaan Martina , Müller Astrid 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to investigate if physical activity (PA) in bariatric surgery patients is related to temperament.MethodsPreoperative (n = 70) and post‐operative (n = 73) patients were categorized as being physically ‘active’ versus ‘inactive’ on the basis of objective PA monitoring. Assessment included the behavioural inhibition system (BIS)/behavioural activation system (BAS) scales, the effortful control (EC) subscale of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire‐Short Form, a numeric pain rating scale and measures for depressive and eating disorder symptoms.Results‘Active’ did not differ from ‘inactive’ patients with regard to temperament (BIS, BAS, and EC). Regressions with PA grouping as dependent variable (adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), depressive or eating disorder symptoms, or pain intensity) indicated an association between lower BMI and more PA in the preoperative and the post‐operative group. In the post‐operative group, in addition to lower BMI, also lower age and higher BIS reactivity contributed to more PA. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between BMI and BIS suggesting that low BMI was only associated with more PA in post‐operative patients with high BIS.DiscussionThe results indicate that temperament per se does not contribute to the level of PA in bariatric surgery patients. However, in post‐operative patients, lower BMI was associated with a higher likelihood of being physically active particularly in patients with anxious temperament. These preliminary findings need further investigation within longitudinal studies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Inferring pathobiology from structural MRI in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: Modeling head motion and neuroanatomical specificity
Authors: Yao Nailin , Winkler Anderson M. , Barrett Jennifer , Book Gregory A. , Beetham Tamara , Horseman Rachel , Leach Olivia , Hodgson Karen , Knowles Emma E. , Mathias Samuel , Stevens Michael C. , Assaf Michal , van Erp Theo G. M. , Pearlson Godfrey D. , Glahn David C. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite over 400 peer‐reviewed structural MRI publications documenting neuroanatomic abnormalities in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, the confounding effects of head motion and the regional specificity of these defects are unclear. Using a large cohort of individuals scanned on the same research dedicated MRI with broadly similar protocols, we observe reduced cortical thickness indices in both illnesses, though less pronounced in bipolar disorder. While schizophrenia (n = 226) was associated with wide‐spread surface area reductions, bipolar disorder (n = 227) and healthy comparison subjects (n = 370) did not differ. We replicate earlier reports that head motion (estimated from time‐series data) influences surface area and cortical thickness measurements and demonstrate that motion influences a portion, but not all, of the observed between‐group structural differences. Although the effect sizes for these differences were small to medium, when global indices were covaried during vertex‐level analyses, between‐group effects became nonsignificant. This analysis raises doubts about the regional specificity of structural brain changes, possible in contrast to functional changes, in affective and psychotic illnesses as measured with current imaging technology. Given that both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder showed cortical thickness reductions, but only schizophrenia showed surface area changes, and assuming these measures are influenced by at least partially unique sets of biological factors, then our results could indicate some degree of specificity between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3757–3770, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neural correlates of fine‐grained meaning distinctions: An fMRI investigation of scalar quantifiers
Authors: Zhan Jiayu , Jiang Xiaoming , Politzer‐Ahles Stephen , Zhou Xiaolin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractCommunication involves successfully deriving a speaker's meaning beyond the literal expression. Using fMRI, it was investigated how the listener's brain realizes distinctions between enrichment‐based meanings and literal semantic meanings. The neural patterns of the Mandarin scalar quantifieryou‐de(similar tosomein English) which implies the meaningsnot allandnot mostvia scalar enrichment, with the specific quantifiershao‐shu‐de(similar toless than halfin English) which lexico‐semantically encodes the meaningsnot allandnot most, were compared. Listeners heard sentences using either quantifier, paired with pictures in which either less than half, more than half, or all of the people depicted in the picture were doing the described activity; thus, the conditions included both implicature‐based and semantics‐based picture‐sentence mismatches. Imaging results showed bilateral ventral IFG was activated for both kinds of mismatch, whereas basal ganglia and left dorsal IFG were activated uniquely for implicature‐based mismatch. These findings suggest that resolving conflicts involving inferential aspects of meaning employs different neural mechanisms than the processing based on literal semantic meaning, and that the dorsal prefrontal/basal ganglia pathway makes a contribution to implicature‐based interpretation. Furthermore, within the implicature‐based conditions, different neural generators were implicated in the processing of strong implicature mismatch (you‐dein the context of a picture in which “all” would have been true) and weak implicature mismatch (you‐dein the context of a picture in which “most” would have been true), which may have important implications for theories of pragmatic comprehension.Hum Brain Mapp 38:3848–3864, 2017. ©2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cognitive and neuroimaging changes in healthy immigrants upon relocation to a high altitude: A panel study
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Zhang Qian , Wang Jiye , Liu Jie , Zhang Wenbin , Qi Shun , Xu Hui , Li Chen , Zhang Jinsong , Zhao Haitao , Meng Shanshan , Li Dan , Lu Huanyu , Aschner Michael , Li Bin , Yin Hong , Chen Jingyuan , Luo Wenjing 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundCognitive and neuroimaging changes under chronic high‐altitude exposure have never been followed up and dynamically assessed.ObjectivesTo investigate the cognitive and brain structural/functional alterations associated with chronic high‐altitude exposure.MethodsSixty‐nine college freshmen that were immigrating to Tibet were enrolled and followed up for two years. Neuropsychological tests, including verbal/visual memory and simple/recognition reaction time, were utilized to determine whether the subjects' cognitive function had changed in response to chronic high‐altitude exposure. Structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting‐state functional MRI (rs‐fMRI) were used to quantify brain gray matter (GM) volumes, regional homogeneity (ReHo) and functional connectivity (FC) alterations before and after exposure. Areas with changes in both GM and ReHo were used as seeds in the inter‐regional FC analysis.ResultsThe subjects showed significantly lower accuracy in memory tests and longer reaction times after exposure, and neuroimaging analysis showed markedly decreased GM volumes and ReHo in the left putamen. FC analysis seeding of the left putamen showed significantly weakened FC with the superior temporal gyrus, anterior/middle cingulate gyrus and other brain regions. In addition, decreased ReHo was found in the superior temporal gyrus, superior parietal lobule, anterior cingulate gyrus and medial frontal gyrus, while increased ReHo was found in the hippocampus. Differences in ReHo/FC before and after high‐altitude exposure in multiple regions were significantly correlated with the cognitive changes.ConclusionCognitive functions such as working memory and psychomotor function are impaired during chronic high‐altitude exposure. The putamen may play an important role in chronic hypoxia‐induced cognitive impairment. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3865–3877, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resting state functional connectivity of the ventral auditory pathway in musicians with absolute pitch
Authors: Kim Seung‐Goo , Knösche Thomas R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAbsolute pitch (AP) is the ability to recognize pitch chroma of tonal sound without external references, providing a unique model of the human auditory system (Zatorre: Nat Neurosci 6 () 692–695). In a previous study (Kim and Knösche: Hum Brain Mapp () 3486–3501), we identified enhanced intracortical myelination in the right planum polare (PP) in musicians with AP, which could be a potential site for perceptional processing of pitch chroma information. We speculated that this area, which initiates the ventral auditory pathway, might be crucially involved in the perceptual stage of the AP process in the context of the “dual pathway hypothesis” that suggests the role of the ventral pathway in processing nonspatial information related to the identity of an auditory object (Rauschecker: Eur J Neurosci 41 () 579–585). To test our conjecture on the ventral pathway, we investigated resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) from musicians with varying degrees of AP. Should our hypothesis be correct, RSFC via the ventral pathway is expected to be stronger in musicians with AP, whereas such group effect is not predicted in the RSFC via the dorsal pathway. In the current data, we found greater RSFC between the right PP and bilateral anteroventral auditory cortices in musicians with AP. In contrast, we did not find any group difference in the RSFC of the planum temporale (PT) between musicians with and without AP. We believe that these findings support our conjecture on the critical role of the ventral pathway in AP recognition. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3899–3916, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GABA metabolism and its role in gamma‐band oscillatory activity during auditory processing: An MRS and EEG study
Authors: Wyss Christine , Tse Desmond H.Y. , Kometer Michael , Dammers Jürgen , Achermann Rita , Shah N. Jon , Kawohl Wolfram , Neuner Irene 
Published: May 2017

AbstractGamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate are believed to have inhibitory and exhibitory neuromodulatory effects that regulate the brain's response to sensory perception. Furthermore, frequency‐specific synchronization of neuronal excitability within the gamma band (30–80 Hz) is attributable to a homeostatic balance between excitation and inhibition. However, our understanding of the physiological mechanism underlying gamma rhythms is based on animal models. Investigations of the relationship between GABA concentrations, glutamate concentrations, and gamma band activity in humans were mostly restricted to the visual cortex and are conflicting. Here, we performed a multimodal imaging study combining magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) with electroencephalography (EEG) in the auditory cortex. In 14 healthy subjects, we investigated the impact of individual differences in GABA and glutamate concentration on gamma band response (GBR) following auditory stimulus presentation. We explored the effects of bulk GABA on the GBR across frequency (30–200 Hz) and time (−200 to 600 ms) and found no significant relationship. Furthermore, no correlations were found between gamma peak frequency or power measures and metabolite concentrations (GABA, glutamate, and GABA/glutamate ratio). These findings suggest that, according to MRS measurements, and given the auditory stimuli used in this study, GABA and glutamate concentrations are unlikely to play a significant role in the inhibitory and excitatory drive in the generation of gamma band activity in the auditory cortex. Hum Brain Mapp 38:3975–3987, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Decreased frequency of circulating Th9 cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Cui Meilan , Lv Ying , Lu Jianhua , Zhang Wei , Duan Yuanyuan , Huang Yan , Yang Lei , Li Man , Liu Wenxuan , Liu Dianwu , Yan Huimin 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundChronic hepatitis B (CHB) is one of the major infectious diseases in which CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play a crucial role. Th9 cells are a distinct subset of CD4+ Th cells with important physiological functions.ObjectiveThe study aimed to assess the potential involvement of Th9 cells in the inadequate immune response leading to chronic HBV infection.Patients and MethodsPeripheral blood samples were collected from 22 CHB patients and 16 healthy controls (HC). The frequencies of circulating Th9, Tc9, Th1, and Tc1 cells were determined by flow cytometry. Serum levels of IL‐9 and IL‐10 were analyzed by ELISA. Serum biochemical indices of liver function were measured using an automated analyzers. Serum HBV DNA loads were analyzed by real‐time PCR. The potential association of the frequency of Th9, Tc9, Th1 or Tc1 cells with clinical parameters was assessed.ResultsThe frequency of circulating Th9 cells was significantly lower in CHB patients than those in HC. However, no significant differences in the frequency of Tc9, Th1 or Tc1 cells were observed between the two groups. The percentages of Th9 cells, but not Tc9 cells, were negatively correlated with HBV DNA loads, whereas the percentages of Tc1 cells were positively correlated with viral loads in CHB patients. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between serum levels of IL‐9 and IL‐10 and HBV DNA loads in patients with chronic HBV infection.ConclusionThe depletion of Th9 cells is associated with the development of chronic HBV infection.
Investigation of MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism in cardiac syndrome X patients
Authors: Kandaz Cemre , Önal Burak , Özen Deniz , Demir Bülent , Akkan A. Gökhan , Özyazgan Sibel 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundDefinition of Cardiac Syndrome X (CSX) refers to groups of patients with positive exercise stress test and normal epicardial coronary arteries on coronary angiography accompanied by chest pain. Although the etiology of CSX is not completely understood, there is a common consensus that its pathophysiology may be associated with endothelial dysfunction resulting in impaired coronary flow. Some polymorphisms observed on the MTHFR gene cause inactivation of the MTHFR enzyme, leading to hyperhomocysteinemia and homocysteinuria, which are prominent risk factors of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It was aimed to explain the association of the endothelial dysfunction, which is thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of CSX, with C677T polymorphism on MTHFR gene based on genetic basis.MethodsA total of 176 CSX patients and 196 healthy subjects with similar age and clinical features were compared in terms of C677T polymorphism of the MTHFR gene.Results and ConclusionThere was no significant difference in terms of MTHFR gene C677T polymorphism between CSX patients and controls. When genotypic distribution was compared based on gender in both patients and controls, no significant difference was found between male and female subjects (P>.05). As fasting blood sugar and urea values were significantly higher, alanine aminotransferase and gamma‐glutamyl transferase levels were significantly lower in the patients than the controls (P<.05). Described family story of the patients was significantly higher than the controls (P<.05). These suggest that homocysteine metabolism in CSX is not directly related to the endothelial dysfunction and thus the effect on the microvascular circulation.
Reproducibility of point‐of‐care ultrasonography for central vein diameter measurement: Separating image acquisition from interpretation
Authors: Lucas Brian P. , D'Addio Antonietta , Clark Jennifer , Block Clay , Manning Harold , Remillard Brian , Leiter J.C. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTPurposeCentral vein point‐of‐care ultrasonography must be reproducible to detect intravascular volume changes. We sought to determine which measurement step, image acquisition or interpretation, could be more compromising for reproducibility.MethodsThree investigators each acquired inferior vena cava (IVC) and internal jugular (IJV) vein ultrasonographic sequences (US) from a convenience sample of 21 hospitalized general medicine participants and then interpreted each US three separate times. We partitioned the random errors of acquisition and interpretation, attributing wider dispersions of each to larger reductions in reproducibility.ResultsWe analyzed 351 interpretations of 39 IVC and 432 interpretations of 48 IJV US. Reproducibility of the maximum (standard error of measurement 3.3 mm [95% confidence interval, CI 2.7–4.2 mm]) and minimum (4.8 mm [3.9–6.3 mm]) IVC diameter measurements were worse than that of the mediolateral (2.5 mm [2.0–3.2 mm]) and anteroposterior (2.5 mm [2.0–3.1 mm]) IJV diameters. The dispersions of random measurement errors were wider among acquisitions than interpretations.ConclusionsAmong our investigators, central vein diameter measurements obtained by point‐of‐care ultrasonography are not sufficiently reproducible to distinguish clinically meaningful intravascular volume changes from measurement errors. Reproducibility could be most effectively improved by reducing the random measurement errors of acquisition. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 45:488–496, 2017
Pulmonary metastasis from uterine leiomyosarcoma in a patient with limited cutaneous systemic scleroderma
Authors: Okauchi Shinichiro , Watanabe Hiroko , Tamura Tomohiro , Takayashiki Norio , Iguchi Kesato , Satoh Hiroaki , Sato Taiki , Sakata Akiko , Noguchi Masayuki 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA 51‐year‐old woman, who was diagnosed as having limited cutaneous systemic scleroderma, presented with pulmonary nodules incidentally detected in a chest radiograph. The patient had surgical biopsy of the nodules. In microscopic examination of the specimens, proliferation, mitotic activity, and cellular anaplasia of spindle cells were present. Fluorodeoxyglucose‐positron emission tomography showed tumors in lungs as well as uterus. The diagnosis of the tumor was pulmonary metastases from uterine leiomyosarcoma. We should be on alert the possibility of developing malignant disease in patient with this autoimmune disease. If it is certain that there is metastasis, we believe that therapy for the primary lesion will be preceded by biopsy and surgery for the metastatic lesions.
A complete survey of normal pores on a smooth shell ostracod (Crustacea): Landmark‐based versus outline geometric morphometrics
Authors: Karanovic Ivana , Lavtižar Vesna , Djurakic Marko 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPores and sensilla on ostracod shell have often been used in studies of ontogeny, taxonomy, and phylogeny of the group. However, an analysis of sexual dimorphism and variation between valves in the number and distribution of pores is lacking. Also, such studies have never been done on a widely distributed, morphologically variable, and weakly ornamented freshwater ostracod. Here, we survey pores in one such species, Physocypria kraepelini. We choose 27 homologous pores as landmarks for 2D‐geometric morphometric analysis, with the aim to assess intersexual and between valves variation in size and shape relative to the Fourier outline analysis. This species has only simple (Type A) pores with and without a lip, and each pore carries an undivided sensory seta. Our results show that the total number of pores varies (from 270 to 296), but this is not associated with a specific valve. Males carry fewer pores than females, however no sex specific pores are found. Small intrapopulation divergence of the Cyt b molecular marker (1%) indicates that morphological variability is not species related. We found that P. kraepelini exhibits directional asymmetry of size and shape, sexual size dimorphism (SSD) but lacks sexual shape dimorphism (SShD). Two geometric morphometrics methods were congruent in the estimation of SSD, SShD, and directional asymmetry of shape but differ in the statistical evaluation of directional asymmetry of size. Contrary to other animal groups, our study suggests that ostracods have more pronounced directional asymmetry of shape compared to directional asymmetry of size.
Cranial suture complexity in caviomorph rodents (Rodentia; Ctenohystrica)
Authors: Buezas Guido , Becerra Federico , Vassallo Aldo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDue to their flexibility, sutures are regions that experience greater strains than the surrounding rigid cranial bones. Cranial sutures differ in their degree of interdigitation or complexity. There is evidence indicating that a more convoluted suture better enables the absorption of high stresses coming from dynamic masticatory forces, and other functions. The Order Rodentia is an interesting clade to study this because of its taxa with diverse chewing modes. Due to repeated loading resulting from gnawing and grinding, energy absorption by the sutures might be a crucial factor in these mammals. Species within the infraorder Caviomorpha were chosen as a case study because of their ecomorphological and dietary diversity. This study compared five sutures from the rostrum and cranial vault across seven caviomorph families, and assessed their complexity by means of the relative length and fractal dimension. Across these rodents, cranial sutures are morphologically quite diverse. We found that the sutures connecting the rostrum with the vault were relatively more interdigitated than those in the cranial vault itself, especially premaxillofrontal sutures. Suture interdigitation was higher in species that display chisel‐tooth digging and burrowing behaviors, especially in the families Ctenomyidae and Octodontidae, than those in families Dasyproctidae and Cuniculidae, which have more gracile masticatory systems. The reconstruction of the ancestral character state, on family and species phylogeny, points toward low suture interdigitation (i.e., low length ratio) as a likely ancestral state for interfrontal, premaxillofrontal and maxillofrontal sutures. Interspecific differences in suture morphology shown here might represent adaptations to different mechanical demands (i.e., soft vs. tough foods) or behaviors (e.g., chisel‐tooth digging), which evolved in close association with the diverse environments occupied by caviomorph rodents.