bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Financial toxicity in early‐phase cancer clinical trial participants
Authors: Durbin Sienna M. , Lundquist Debra , Pelletier Andrea , Petrillo Laura A. , Bame Viola , Turbini Victoria , Heldreth Hope , Lynch Kaitlyn , Boulanger Mary , Lam Anh , McIntyre Casandra , Ferrell Betty R. , Jimenez Rachel , Juric Dejan , Nipp Ryan D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about financial toxicity in early‐phase clinical trial (EP‐CT) participants. This study sought to describe financial toxicity in EP‐CT participants and assess associations with patient characteristics and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).MethodsProspectively enrolled EP‐CT participants from were followed from April 2021 through January 2023. Participants completed the Comprehensive Score for Financial Toxicity (<26 = financial toxicity) at time of treatment. Quality of life (QOL), symptoms, coping, and resource concerns were surveyed. Associations of financial toxicity with patient characteristics, PROs, and clinical outcomes were explored.ResultsOf 261 eligible patients, 197 completed baseline assessments (75.5%, median age = 63.4 years [31.8‐88.6], 57.4% female). Most common cancers were gastrointestinal (33.0%) and breast (20.8%). More than one third (34.0%) of patients reported financial toxicity. Patients with financial toxicity were more likely to be <65 years (70.2% vs 48.5%, p = .004), unemployed (45.5% vs 16.9%, p < .001), not have attended college (53.1% vs 26.4%, p = .002), and have income <$60,000 (59.7% vs 25.4%, p < .001). In adjusted models, patients with financial toxicity reported lower QOL (B = –6.66, p = .004) and acceptance (B = –0.78, p = .002), and increased self‐blame (B = 0.87, p < .001). They were more likely to have concerns regarding housing (10.6% vs 2.3%, p = .025), bills (31.8% vs 3.8%, p < .001), food (9.1% vs 0.8%, p = .006), and employment (21.2% vs 1.5%, p < .001). There was no difference in time on trial (hazard ratio, 1.03; p = .860) or survival (hazard ratio, 1.16; p = .496).ConclusionsMore than one third of EP‐CT participants reported financial toxicity. Factors associated with financial toxicity and demonstrated novel associations among financial toxicity with QOL, coping, and resource concerns were identified, highlighting the need to address financial toxicity among this population.
Environmental, social and governance practices: A new perspective from Asian developing countries
Authors: Abu Afifa Malik , Nguyen Nha Minh , Vo Dao Truc Thi , Van Bui Duong , Van Hien Vo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study explores the relationship between corporate social responsibility practice (CSRP), firm performance (FIPE), and environmental, social and governance practice (ESGP) within the context of several developing countries in Asia. Using the Thomson Reuters Eikon database, our focus sample comprised 6927 firms operating in 10 developing Asian countries, namely Indonesia, Israel, Jordan, Malaysia, Pakistan, the Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, Turkey, and Vietnam. After a thorough screening process, a total of 817 firms were included in the final dataset, covering the years 2019 to 2023, resulting in 4085 firm‐year observations. Through the use of maximum likelihood structural equation modeling (ML‐SEM), our findings reveal that CSRP and FIPE positively influence ESGP within the Asian context. Additionally, the FIPE variable demonstrates an additional mediating role in the relationship between CSRP and ESGP. Furthermore, carbon emission (CAEM) plays a significant moderating role in the CSRP‐ESGP nexus. By focusing on enhancing CSRP, FIPE, and reducing CAEM, both businesses and governments can collaboratively work towards advancing sustainability efforts across the region. Therefore, the paper provides insight in this context using empirical evidence from 10 developing Asian countries.
Controlling Chelation and Esterification in Pechini Synthesis for Enhancing Chemical Looping Steam Methane Reforming Using LaFeO3 Perovskite
Authors: Kim Yikyeom , Jeong Euichul , Kim Hyeon Seok , Lee Jae W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe properties of an oxygen carrier, such as crystalline structure, textural properties, and surface chemical species, significantly influence the redox performance in thermochemical redox applications. This study presents the synthesis of various lanthanum orthoferrite (LaFeO3) perovskites by adjusting Pechini synthesis parameters, including chelating agent ratio, calcination temperature, and solution pH. A larger surface area emerged as a dominant factor contributing to improved redox performance. The porosity of the polyester resin proves crucial in achieving a large surface area and a small particle size for the oxygen carrier. This goal could be attained by controlling the pH of the precursor solution. A low degree of chelation or precipitation may lead to uneven cation distribution, resulting in the enrichment of trace hydroxide impurities. These impurities can suppress the reducibility of particles during the looping experiment. Various investigations, using XRD, XPS, XAS, SEM, and N2 physisorption, revealed that porosity and crystallinity can be controlled by altering the synthesis parameters.
Guidelines for Identifying the Structure of Heavy Phenolics in Lignin Depolymerization by using High‐Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Cui Cunhao , Zhu Linyu , Shi Zaifa , Zhou Zhongyue , Qi Fei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe efficient conversion of lignin contributes to reducing human reliance on fossil energy. As a complicated biopolymer, studies on the mechanism of lignin depolymerization is limited by inadequate structural identification of high molecular weight (MW) products like heavy phenolics. Up to now, no individual method can generate both MW and structural information in operando conditions. As a promising approach, tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) techniques can provide structural information via the dissociation of target ions. In this study, MS/MS technique was performed both in offline and in‐situ mode during lignin depolymerization. The fundamental guidelines based on MS/MS dissociation principles for typical inter‐unit linkages like β‐O‐4, 5‐5, β‐β, β‐5, and β‐1 were well established. Based on that, major phenolic dimers are successfully identified, including chemical formula and types of inter‐unit linkages. More significantly, real‐time monitoring of structural evolution was achieved by applying in‐situ MS/MS analysis during lignin depolymerization. The results show the different evolution pathways of isomers with same chemical formula, confirming that structural changes during lignin depolymerization are common and obvious. Overall, this study develops an advanced strategy for the full‐view analysis of lignin depolymerization, achieving the static analysis of composition and structure, both monitoring the dynamic evolution of structures.
Seasonal and diel patterns in Black Sea harbour porpoise acoustic activity in 2020–2022
Authors: Ivanchikova Julia , Tregenza Nick , Popov Dimitar , Meshkova Galina , Paiu Romulus‐Marian , Timofte Costin , Amaha Öztürk Ayaka , Tonay Arda M. , Dede Ayhan , Özsandıkçı Uğur , Kopaliani Natia , Dekanoidze Davit , Gurielidze Zurab , Vishnyakova Karina , Hammond Philip S. , Gol'din Pavel 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe Black Sea is a semi‐enclosed inland sea with an unevenly distributed extensive coastal shelf area and anoxic deep waters. It is inhabited by common and bottlenose dolphins, as well as harbour porpoises, all represented by local subspecies. Between September 2020 and October 2022, 19 F‐PODs deployed by research teams from Bulgaria, Georgia, Romania, Türkiye and Ukraine collected data on acoustic activity of Black Sea harbour porpoises. Strong seasonal and diel patterns were found, which varied in three regions. In the south‐eastern part of the Black Sea, harbour porpoise acoustic activity was higher from January to May, with a peak in April. This pattern agrees with the seasonal anchovy migration from the winter spawning grounds in warmer waters in the south‐eastern region to feeding grounds on the productive shallow north‐west shelf. The diel pattern showed strong nocturnal acoustic activity, which is consistent with anchovy vertical migration. Porpoises on the western side of the Black Sea exhibited a bimodal seasonal pattern in acoustic activity, with a larger peak in April and a smaller one in October. Diel activity was primarily nocturnal. On the north‐west shelf, harbour porpoise acoustic activity was mostly recorded during the warm period from April to October. The diel pattern showed activity mainly during daylight with two peaks: a smaller one approximately at dawn and a larger one at dusk. This pattern is similar to the vertical migrations of sprat. Overall, the results of the study were consistent with the prey being an important driver of seasonal and diel dynamics of harbour porpoise acoustic activity.
Effects of Climate, Soil, Topography and Disturbance on Liana Prevalence
Authors: Mackintosh Emma J. , Waite Catherine E. , Putz Francis E. , Pfeifer Marion , Chen Chengrong , Lan Zhongming , Brennan Sophie , Marshall Andrew R. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTLianas (woody vines and climbing monocots) are increasing in abundance in many tropical forests with uncertain consequences for forest functioning and recovery following disturbances. At a global scale, these increases are likely driven by disturbances and climate change. Yet, our understanding of the environmental variables that drive liana prevalence at regional scales is incomplete and geographically biased towards Latin America. To address this gap, we present a comprehensive study evaluating the combined effects of climate, soil, disturbance and topography on liana prevalence in the Australian Wet Tropics. We established 31 20 × 20 m vegetation plots along an elevation gradient in low disturbance (canopy closure ≥ 75%) and high disturbance (canopy closure ≤ 25%) forest stands. In these plots, all tree and liana (defined as all woody dicot vines and climbing monocots, i.e., rattans) stems ≥ 1 cm DBH were measured and environmental data were collected on climate, soil and topography. Generalised linear models were used with multi‐model averaging to quantify the relative effects of the environmental variables on measures of liana prevalence (liana–tree basal area ratio, woody vine basal area and stem density and rattan stem density). Liana prevalence decreased with elevation but increased with disturbance and mean annual precipitation. The increase in the liana–tree ratio with precipitation was more pronounced for highly disturbed sites. Like other tropical regions, disturbance is an important driver of liana prevalence in Australian rainforests and appears to interact with climate to increase liana–tree ratios. The observed increase in liana–tree ratio with precipitation contrasts findings from elsewhere but is confounded by correlated changes in elevation and temperature, which highlights the importance of regional studies. Our findings show that forests with high disturbance and climatic conditions favourable to lianas are where lianas most likely to outcompete trees and impede forest recovery.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Semi‐Saturated Fused Polycyclic Iminosugars by a Diels‐Alder Reaction
Authors: Xie Song , Wu Jilai , Zhou Likai , Wei Chao , Li Xiaoliu , Chen Hua 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA series of semi‐saturated fused polycyclic iminosugars were synthesized by one‐pot stereoselective three‐component reactions of D‐ribose tosylate, aniline and cycloenones under heating conditions. The N‐aryl enamine derived from an iminium ion is the key intermediate for the reaction. In this way, various novel complex fused iminosugars were obtained through a normal Diels‐Alder mechanism at 80 °C. This strategy will enable the preparation of bioactive iminosugar analogues with structural diversity.
Characterising ovoidal cones by their hyperplane intersection numbers
Authors: De Bruyn Bart , Van de Voorde Geertrui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we characterise point sets having the same intersection numbers with respect to hyperplanes as an ovoidal cone. In particular, we show that a set of points of which blocks all planes and intersects solids in , or points is a plane or an ovoidal cone, and determine all examples that arise when the blocking condition is omitted.
Dosing strategy of intrapleural bortezomib for myelomatous pleural effusion: A case report and review of literature
Authors: Li Yu‐Ming , Tsou Mei‐Hua , Tan Tran‐Der 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMyelomatous pleural effusion (MPE) is a rare, often treatment‐resistant complication of multiple myeloma. Intrapleural bortezomib shows promise but lacks standardized dosing. We report a 62‐year‐old woman with MPE treated with 1.3 mg/m2 (2 mg) subcutaneous and 0.975 mg/m2 (1.5 mg) intrapleural bortezomib on days 1 and 4. Despite MPE regression, significant toxicity occurred. Adjusted dosing to 0.65 mg/m2 (1 mg) for both routes on days 11 and 14 consolidated the response without side effects. This case demonstrates the feasibility of intrapleural therapy and the importance of cautious dosing. Literature supports equal intrapleural and systemic bortezomib dosing for MPE management.
Disease models of Leigh syndrome: From yeast to organoids
Authors: Henke Marie‐Thérèse , Prigione Alessandro , Schuelke Markus 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLeigh syndrome (LS) is a severe mitochondrial disease that results from mutations in the nuclear or mitochondrial DNA that impairs cellular respiration and ATP production. Mutations in more than 100 genes have been demonstrated to cause LS. The disease most commonly affects brain development and function, resulting in cognitive and motor impairment. The underlying pathogenesis is challenging to ascertain due to the diverse range of symptoms exhibited by affected individuals and the variability in prognosis. To understand the disease mechanisms of different LS‐causing mutations and to find a suitable treatment, several different model systems have been developed over the last 30 years. This review summarizes the established disease models of LS and their key findings. Smaller organisms such as yeast have been used to study the biochemical properties of causative mutations. Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio, and Caenorhabditis elegans have been used to dissect the pathophysiology of the neurological and motor symptoms of LS. Mammalian models, including the widely used Ndufs4 knockout mouse model of complex I deficiency, have been used to study the developmental, cognitive, and motor functions associated with the disease. Finally, cellular models of LS range from immortalized cell lines and trans‐mitochondrial cybrids to more recent model systems such as patient‐derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In particular, iPSCs now allow studying the effects of LS mutations in specialized human cells, including neurons, cardiomyocytes, and even three‐dimensional organoids. These latter models open the possibility of developing high‐throughput drug screens and personalized treatments based on defined disease characteristics captured in the context of a defined cell type. By analyzing all these different model systems, this review aims to provide an overview of past and present means to elucidate the complex pathology of LS. We conclude that each approach is valid for answering specific research questions regarding LS, and that their complementary use could be instrumental in finding treatment solutions for this severe and currently untreatable disease.
Osteoarthritis early‐, mid‐ and late‐stage progression in the rat medial meniscus transection model
Authors: McKinney Jay M. , Pucha Krishna A. , Bernard Fabrice C. , Brandon Dixon J. , Doan Thanh N. , Willett Nick J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsteoarthritis is a degenerative disease of synovial joints affecting all tissues, including articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Osteoarthritis animal models can recapitulate aspects of human disease progression and are used to test efficacy of drugs, biomaterials, and cell therapies. The rat medial meniscus transection (MMT) model is a surgically induced posttraumatic osteoarthritis model commonly used for preclinical therapeutic screening. We describe herein, the qualitative and quantitative changes to articular cartilage, subchondral bone, and formation of osteophytes at early‐, mid‐, and late‐stages of osteoarthritis progression. Tibia of MMT‐operated animals showed proteoglycan loss and fibrillation along articular cartilage surfaces as early as 3‐weeks post‐surgery. With contrast‐enhanced micro‐CT technique, quantitative, 3‐dimensional analysis of the tibia showed that the articular cartilage thickened at 3‐ and 6‐weeks post‐surgery and decreased at 12‐weeks post‐surgery. This decreased cartilage thickness corresponded with increased lesions in the articular cartilage that led to its full degradation and exposing the subchondral bone layer. Further, subchondral bone thickening was significant at 6‐weeks post‐surgery and followed cartilage damage. Osteophytes were found as early as 3‐weeks post‐surgery and coincided with articular cartilage degradation. Cartilaginous osteophytes preceded mineralization, suggesting endochondral ossification. The rat MMT model has predominantly been used out to 3‐weeks, and most studies determined the effect of therapies to delay or prevent the onset of osteoarthritis. We provide evidence that an extension of the rat MMT model out to 6‐ and 12‐weeks more resembled severe phenotypes of human osteoarthritis. Thus, evaluating novel therapeutics at late‐stage will be important for eventual clinical translation.
Comparison of a Risk Calculator With Frailty Indices in Patients Undergoing Lung Cancer Resection
Authors: Vitello Dominic J. , Logan Charles D. , Zaza Norah N. , Bates Kelly R. , Jacobs Ryan , Feinglass Joseph , Merkow Ryan P. , Bentrem David J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionWhile frailty has gained attention for its utility in risk stratification, no studies have directly compared them to existing risk calculators. The objective of this study was to compare the risk stratification of the American College of Surgeons Surgical Risk Calculator (ACS‐SRC), the Revised Risk Analysis Index (RAI‐rev), and the Modified Frailty Index (5‐mFI). The primary outcomes were 30‐day postoperative morbidity, 30‐day postoperative mortality, unplanned readmission, unplanned reoperation, and discharge disposition other than home.MethodsPatients undergoing anatomic lung resection for primary, nonsmall cell lung cancer were identified within the ACS National Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) database. Tools were compared for discrimination in the primary outcomes.Results9663 patients undergoing anatomic lung resection for cancer between 2012 and 2014 were included. The cohort was 53.1% female. Median age at diagnosis was 67 (IQR 59–74) years. Perioperative morbidity and mortality rates were 10.9% (n = 1048) and 1.6% (n = 158). Rates of 30‐day postoperative unplanned readmission and reoperation were 7.5% (n = 725) and 4.8% (n = 468). The ACS‐SRC had the highest discrimination for all measured outcomes, as measured by the area under the receiver operating curve (AUC) and corresponding confidence interval (95% CI). This included perioperative mortality (AUC 0.74, 95% CI 0.71–0.78), compared to RAI‐rev (AUC 0.66, 95% CI 0.62–0.69) and 5‐mFI (AUC 0.61, 95% CI 0.57–0.65; p < 0.001). The RAI‐rev and 5‐mFI had similar discrimination for all measured outcomes.ConclusionACS‐SRC was the perioperative risk stratification tool with the highest predictive discrimination for adverse, 30‐day, postoperative events for patients with cancer treated with anatomic lung resection.
Current National Treatment Trends for Gastric Adenocarcinoma in the United States
Authors: Vitello Dominic J. , Zaza Norah N. , Bates Kelly R. , Janczewski Lauren M. , Rodriguez Gladys , Bentrem David J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPurposeThe treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) continues to evolve. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has demonstrated emerging benefit, the optimal treatment regimen, and sequence remain to be firmly established.MethodsPatients with nonmetastatic GA who underwent resection were identified within the 2020 National Cancer Database. Patients were compared between the mutually exclusive treatment groups of NAC, neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT), adjuvant chemotherapy, adjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT), and surgery only. The primary endpoint was receipt of NAC or NCRT. Patients were 1‐to‐1 propensity score matched for receiving any neoadjuvant therapy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify predictors of receipt of any neoadjuvant therapy and receipt of any adjuvant therapy.ResultsTwenty‐five thousand and seventy‐three patients were included in the analysis. Patients were treated with NAC (25.0%), NCRT (31.4%), adjuvant chemotherapy (6.5%), adjuvant CRT (12.6%), and surgery only (24.5%). Compared to 2006−2011, patients diagnosed between 2012 and 2017 experienced the greatest increases in NAC (18.6% vs. 29.0%; p < 0.001) and NCRT (25.0% vs. 35.5%; p < 0.001). Median OS was 44.9 months. OS was longest for patients who received any neoadjuvant therapy compared to those receiving adjuvant or surgery only (51.0 vs. 42.4 vs. 38.0 months, respectively; p < 0.001). Patients who were Black, in the lowest income quartile or treated at lower volume facilities were less likely to receive NAT (all p < 0.001).ConclusionsThere has been significant acceleration in the use of neoadjuvant therapy for GA. Currently, NCRT followed by surgery are the most common treatment sequences in the United States. Additional trials are needed to further define the optimal treatment sequence.
Comparing Open, Laparoscopic and Robotic Liver Resection for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer—A Systematic Review and Network Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Mkabaah Luis Bouz , Davey Matthew G. , Kerin Eoin P. , Ryan Odhran K. , Ryan Eanna J. , Donnelly Mark , Ahmed Ola , McEntee Gerry P. , Conneely John B. , Donlon Noel E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTColorectal liver metastases (CRLM) can be surgically managed through open resections (OLR), laparoscopic resections (LLR), or robotic liver resections (RLR). However, there is ongoing uncertainty regarding the safety and effectiveness of minimally invasive approaches like LLR and RLR. This study aims to clarify these issues by conducting a network meta‐analysis (NMA) to compare outcomes across OLR, LLR and RLR for patients with CRLM. Following the PRISMA‐NMA guidelines, the meta‐analysis included 13 studies with a combined total of 6582 patients. Of these, 50.6% underwent LLR, 45.3% underwent OLR, and 4.1% underwent RLR. The analysis found no significant differences in R0 resection rates between LLR (odds ratio [OR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–1.26) and RLR (OR 1.57, 95% CI: 0.98–2.51) when compared to OLR. Additionally, there were no significant differences in disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) at 1, 3, and 5 years. Despite these findings, both LLR and RLR were associated with reduced postoperative complication rates (RLR: OR 0.52, 95% CI: 0.32–0.86; LLR: OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.37–0.68). However, patients undergoing LLR were more likely to require conversion to open surgery compared to those undergoing RLR (OR: 12.46, 95% CI: 2.64–58.67). Furthermore, RLR was associated with a reduced need for blood transfusions (OR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.05–0.32), and LLR resulted in shorter hospital stays (mean difference: −6.66 days, 95% CI: −11.6 to −1.88 days). This study demonstrates the oncological safety of LLR and RLR approaches for CRLM relative to OLR, with enhanced perioperative outcomes anticipated following minimally invasive resections of CRLM.