bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alpha-2 Adrenergic Receptor Agonists are Neuroprotective in Experimental Models of Glaucoma
Authors: Wheeler L.A. , Woldemussie E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The glaucomas are characterized by chronic progressive ganglion cell loss over many years. A drug with neuroprotective activity should increase the resistance of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) to chronic stress or injury and therefore enhance survival. Brimonidine is a highly selective and potent alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, which lowers intra-ocular pressure (IOP) and is neuroprotective. Immunohistochemistry data have shown that the specific receptor targets, the alpha-2 receptors, are located in the inner retina. Methods Brimonidine 0.1 mg/kg given intraperitoneally promoted RGC survival compared with vehicle using the optic nerve crush model even when administered up to 24 hours before injury. Using the chronic ocular hypertensive rat model, brimonidine 1 mg/kg/day (with osmotic pump) significantly prevented the loss of RGCs when compared with vehicle or timolol. This ability was due to the neuroprotective action of brimonidine, since it did not affect IOP. In addition, brimonidine 0.1 mg/day reached concentrations in the retina of Sprague-Dawley rats within 30 minutes of injection, which was sufficient to activate the alpha-2 receptor (≥ 2 nM) and maintained these concentrations for 6 hours. Conclusions Having demonstrated that: a. the specific receptor target of brimonidine is located in the retina, which is important for optic neuroprotection, b. the agent shows neuroprotective ability in animal models, c. pharmacological concentrations of the drug can be reached in the retina, clinical trial has been initiated to determine whether brimonidine is neuroprotective in patients with nonarteritic ischaemic optic neuropathy.
Brimonidine's Neuroprotective Effects against Transient Ischaemia-Induced Retinal Ganglion Cell Death
Authors: Vidal-Sanz M. , Lafuente M.P. , Mayor-Torroglosa S. , Aguilera M.E. , De Imperial J. Miralles , Villegas-Pérez M.P. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Brimonidine is a lowering pressure agent currently used in glaucoma. This chronic degenerative condition is characterised by neuronal death, and an agent which offers neuroprotection may slow down or impede the progression of neuronal cell death. Methods The effects of brimonidine (BMD) on the short- and long-term survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after transient retinal ischaemia are reported here using a rat model. The fluorescent tracer Fluorogold (FG) was applied to both superior colliculi to retrogradely label RGCs. A ninety-minute period of ischaemia was induced and densities of surviving RGCs were estimated over time by counting FG-labelled RGCs in 12 standard regions of each retina. Results Seven days after inducing transient ischaemia, there was loss of approximately half of the RGC population. Topical pre-treatment with 0.1% or 0.5% BMD prevented ischaemia-induced RGC death. Conclusions These results indicate that optimal neuroprotective effects against the early loss of RGCs are seen with 0.1% or 0.5% BMD. Ischaemia-induced RGC loss continued between day 7 and day 21 in the vehicle treated groups and amounted to approximately 25% of the RGC population. Topical pre-treatment with 0.1% or 0.5% BMD was also effective in reducing the slow loss of RGCs.
Decreased Nitric Oxide Production in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma
Authors: Doganay S. , Evereklioglu C. , Turkoz Y. , Er H. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is the major risk factor responsible for optic nerve damage in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The trabecular meshwork acts as a valve in aqueous outflow and relaxes with nitric oxide (NO) agonists. Since NO is synthesized by endothelium and smooth muscle elsewhere in the body, this study investigated the NO levels in the aqueous humor of patients with POAG compared with cataract patients. Materials and Methods Aqueous humor samples were taken by paracentesis from 16 consecutive patients with POAG (9 male and 7 female; mean age 69.0 ± 3.4 yrs) and 14 age and sex-matched controls with cataract (8 male and 6 female; mean age 66.7 ± 4.1 yrs) during elective surgery. As an indicator for NO, aqueous total nitrite levels (end - product of NO) were measured by Greiss reaction. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis and P <0.05 was considered significant. Results The mean age and sex in two groups were comparable. The mean aqueous humor NO levels were significantly (P = 0.001) lower in patients with glaucoma (72.72 ± 11.21 μmol/L) than in patients with cataract and no glaucoma (86.92 ± 11.23 μmol/L). Conclusions Decreased NO production in patients with POAG indicates that NO-producing cells may be lost as the disease progresses. The control of NO levels in the eye might be a therapeutic target in glaucoma.
Bilateral Central Serous Chorioretinopathy in a Patient Treated with Systemic Cortico-Steroids for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Authors: Bandello F. , Incorvaia C. , Rosa N. , Parmeggiani F. , Costagliola C. , Sebastiani A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe the concomitant occurrence of systemic cortico-steroid treatment and the development of bilateral central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC), which promptly regressed after the reduction of the drug dosage, up to its scheduled withdrawal. Methods Case report. Results A 46-year-old white male, with a history of monolateral CSC, had a non-Hodgkin lymphoma on his right cheek. Soon after surgical excision of the tumoral lesion, he received a standard post-operative regimen of decreasing intramuscular betamethasone for 25 days, followed by 10 day's withdrawal, then cycles of intravenous cyclophosphamide and vincristine, followed by 7-day oral prednisone, repeated monthly for three months. Fluorescein angiographies at the end of the first oral cortico-steroid cycle and before starting the second, documented the occurrence of bilateral CSC and its regression, which were chronologically related respectively to the cortico-steroid administration and withdrawal. Conclusions This case further demonstrates that systemic cortico-steroids can be responsible for the occurrence of CSC. The patient's history should always be checked for any previous CSC episodes. In these subjects, periodical ophthalmoscopic examination is essential to discover early or asymptomatic steroid-related CSC patterns, to prevent complications of the disease.
Inadvertent Intravitreal Gentamicin Injection
Authors: Burgansky Z. , Rock T. , Bartov E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe the management and consequences of an accidental injection of gentamicin in the vitreous. Methods A retinal detachment developed in a 70-year-old male. During a vitrectomy operation, gentamicin (20mg) was accidentally injected in to the eye. The surgeon immediately began vigorous lavage of the vitreal cavity with balanced salt solution. Results No toxic signs appeared after the operation, despite the devastating consequences described in previous reports. Conclusions The immediate vigorous lavage may have reduced the concentration of the toxic material and its consequences.
Effect of Intravenous Droperidol on Intraocular Pressure and Retrobulbar Hemodynamics
Authors: Harris A. , Zalish M. , Kagemann L. , Siesky B. , Migliardi R. , Garzozi H.J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Topically-applied dopamine antagonists reduce intraocular pressure (IOP) and increase retinal blood flow in animal models. We examined the acute effects of intravenous infusion of a dopamine blocker (droperidol) on these parameters in healthy humans. Methods Sixteen subjects free from ocular or systemic disease (mean age 33 ± 10 yrs) received either 5 mg iv droperidol over 5 minutes, or iv saline placebo in double-masked fashion. IOP was determined 30 and 60 minutes later, while color Doppler imaging was used to determine flow velocities in the ophthalmic, central retinal, and nasal and temporal posterior ciliary arteries 60 minutes after drug infusion. Results 30 minutes after drug infusion, IOP was reduced 6.0 mmHg as compared with baseline (p<0.001); after 60 minutes, IOP remained reduced by 3.7 mmHg (p<0.001). Placebo had no effect on IOP. While droperidol slightly elevated blood pressure and increased the calculated ocular perfusion pressure, the drug reduced visual acuity and contrast sensitivity (p<0.05). Droperidol elevated peak systolic velocity in the central retinal and nasal posterior ciliary arteries, without changing end-diastolic velocity or the resistance index in either of these vessels. Droperidol had no effect on flow velocities in the ophthalmic artery or the temporal posterior ciliary artery. Conclusions The rapid and marked ocular hypotension resulting from intravenous droperidol suggests that this agent may prove useful in the management of acute ocular hypertension. The retrobulbar changes consequent to the ocular tension reduction likely represent autoregulatory responses to altered ocular perfusion pressure.
A Case of Lichen Planus-Lupus Erythematosus Overlap Syndrome with Eyelid Involvement
Authors: Tursen U. , Oz O. , Íkizoglu G. , Kaya T.I. , Dusmez D. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of lichen planus-lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome with eyelid involvement. Lichen planus and lupus erythematosus infrequently coexist in the same patients. Ocular involvement has rarely been reported for both diseases. Case Report We describe a case of lichen planus-lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome with eyelid involvement. Histopathologic and immunofluorescent studies were done on buccal, lip, left conjunctival, malar, auricular and scalp lesions. The immunopathologic features of the conjunctiva, buccal mucosa and lip were consistent with lichen planus, while those of the malar, auricular and scalp lesions favoured lupus erythematosus. Results The patient was successfully treated with hydroxychloroquine 200 mg/day and all lesions responded to therapy within weeks. Conclusions This is a rare example of two coexisting autoimmune disease entities: lichen planus of the oral mucosa, lip, eyelid and discoid lupus erythematosus of the skin. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of lichen planus-lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome with eyelid involvement.
Progressive External Ophthalmoplegia: A Paraneoplastic Manifestation of Lymphoma
Authors: Ascaso F.J. , Torres M. , Bergua J.M. , Alvarez R. , Cristóbal J.A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes are well-known sequelae of some malignancies. To our knowledge, a syndrome mimicking progressive external ophthalmoplegia had never been reported preceding the diagnosis of a lymphoma. Case Report A 63-year-old man developed progressive external ophthalmoplegia, without any other neurological symptoms, as the initial manifestation of a follicular lymphoma grade III. The ophthalmoplegia resolved after two cycles of combination chemotherapy. Conclusions The ophthalmologist, when confronted with a progressive extemal ophthalmoplegia, should consider a neurological paraneoplastic syndrome associated with a tumor as a possible diagnosis.
Management of Incontinentia Pigmenti: A Case of Monolateral Pre-Retinal Fibrovascular Proliferations Adjacent to Snail-Track Degeneration Areas
Authors: Bandello F. , Incorvaia C. , Parmeggiani F. , D'Angelo S. , Costagliola C. , Sebastiani A. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of monolateral pre-retinal fibrovascular proliferations in a young adult woman, who had suffered from incontinentia pigmenti (IP) during her first month of life. Methods Case report. Results Circumscribed pre-retinal fibrovascular proliferations, adjacent to a mid-peripheral area of snail track degeneration, were occasionally diagnosed in the left eye of an asymptomatic 18-year-old white female. Careful ocular examination did not reveal any cause of the monolateral vascular abnormalities observed in the posterior segment. A detailed medical history brought to light that the patient has suffered infantile IP, like four other females in her family. The patient did not present any evident malformation of teeth, nails, skeleton or hair. A cytogenetic linkage study documented a chromosomal aberration in the Xq28 band, which confirmed the diagnosis of familial IP (type 2). The fluorescein angiography findings clearly illustrated the minimal retinal involvement in the course of IP. Conclusions This case shows that a wide range of etiologies must be considered in patients presenting monolateral pre-retinal fibrovascular proliferations. To correctly manage these uncommon, inherited or acquired, retinal diseases it is better to do a mid-term follow-up, rather than operate immediately, and this enabled us to observe the natural course of the lesion, while awaiting a definitive diagnosis.
Eyelid Verrucous Carcinoma
Authors: Monescillo J. , Mencía-Gutiérrez E. , Gutiérrez-Díaz E. , Santos-Bríz A. , Rodríguez-Peralto J.L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a case of verrucous carcinoma (VC) that presented as an eyelid mass on the right eye. Case Report A 66-year-old man developed a slow-growing eyelid lesion on the lateral can-thus of the right eye. The tumor was firm, well-defined, sessile, acuminate, and exuded foul-smelling fluid. Results Excisional biopsy revealed a VC. The patient remains asymptomatic. Conclusions VCs are extremely rare eyelid tumors. This clinicopathological entity is a low-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma that occurs mainly in the intraoral, genitogluteal, and plantar areas. A role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in these tumors has been recently identified. VCs characteristically show locally aggresive growth. This is the second case reported in the literature on the eyelid. VC should be considered in the differential diagnosis of eyelid tumors.
The Protective Effects of Melatonin, Vitamin E and Octreotide on Retinal Edema during Ischemia-Reperfusion in the Guinea Pig Retina
Authors: Yilmaz T. , Çelebi S. , Kükner A.Ş. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The purpose of this study is to provide evidence that free radical damage is a component of retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, and to determine whether melatonin, vitamin E and octreotide can protect retina from this injury. Methods The right eyes of 50 male guinea pigs weighing 500–600 g were used. The animals were randomly assigned to group 1 (control), group 2 (I/R), group 3 (melatonin + I/R), group 4 (vitamin E + I/R) and group 5 (octreotide + I/R). Groups 3, 4 and 5 received four subcutaneous injections at six-hour intervals for total dosage of 10 mg/kg melatonin, 150 mg/kg vitamin E and 22 μg/kg octreotide respectively. The first dose of each substance was administered 5 minutes before retinal ischemia. Retinal ischemia was induced for 1.5 hours, then followed by reperfusion for 24 hours. Infections of all three substances were repeated at 6, 12 and 18 hours during reperfusion. The animals were killed at 24 hours of reperfusion. Sagittal sections of 4 μm were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for light microscopic evaluation. The average thickness (edema) of the inner plexiform layer for each eye was measured in sagittal sections near the optic nerve and expressed in microns. Results The efficacy of each compound had the following relationships: melatonin>vitamin E>octreotide in preventing retinal damage by ischemia-reperfusion. The mean thickness of the inner plexiform layer was 13.3 ± 0.8 μm, 25.9 ± 2.0 μm, 20.0 ± 0.7 μm, 21.6 ± 0.7 μm, 23.9 ± 0.8 μm respectively in the control, I/R, I/R plus melatonin, I/R plus vitamin E and I/R plus octreotide groups. The thickness of the inner plexiform layer in group 1 (control) was significantly less than the other groups (p<0.001). The inner plexiform layer was thicker in the I/R group than with I/R plus melatonin, I/R plus vitamin E and I/R plus octreotide (all p <0.01). The inner plexiform layer was thicker in the I/R plus octreotide group than the I/R plus vitamin E and I/R plus melatonin groups both (p<0.05). Compared to the I/R plus melatonin group, the inner plexiform layer was significantly thicker in the I/R plus vitamin E group (p<0.05). Conclusions This study demonstrates a protective effect of melatonin, vitamin E and octreotide on the retina during retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Selective Photocoagulation in Coats' Disease: Ten-year Follow-up
Authors: Nucci P. , Bandello F. , Serafino M. , Wilson M.E. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose The diagnostic hallmark of Coats' disease is development of “light bulb” telangiectasis in the retinal periphery, leading to posterior pole intraretinal and subretinal exudation. Even after complete obliteration of all abnormal vessels and resorption of all exudates, follow-up examinations are mandatory for several years. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the charts, pictures and/or fluorescein angiographies of a series of 32 consecutive patients, in which the diagnosis of Coats' disease was made. All patients underwent selective photocoagulation of the telangiectasis using a yellow-dye laser. Efficacy of treatment was monitored with drawings and/or fluorescein angiographies. Results All our patients had unilateral disease, with macular involvement and exudative retinal detachment. Visual acuity improved in one patient, decreased from light perception to blindness in another, and was unchanged in the remainder. Conclusions This is the first report of anatomical benefits from treatment with a yellow-dye laser (i.e., selective photocoagulation without cryotherapy or drainage) despite the presence of a severe form of Coats' disease. Our young Coats' patients responded quickly to treatment. With successful obliteration of the abnormal vasculature, exudates began to absorb in about 4 to 8 weeks although, in some cases, 10 to 12 months were needed to obtain resolution of the exudative detachment. Poor visual outcome of 20/100 or worse was common. In Coats' patients, the key issue is continuous control and long-term follow-up.
Comparative Analysis of the Effects of Dorzolamide and Latanoprost on Ocular Hemodynamics in Normal Tension Glaucoma Patients
Authors: Harris A. , Migliardi R. , Rechtman E. , Cole C.N. , Yee A.B. , Garzozi H.J. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To compare the effects of latanoprost (Xalatan®) and dorzolamide (Trusopt®) on ocular hemodynamics in normal-tension glaucoma patients. Methods A randomized, single-masked, parallel design study was conducted. After a 4 - week washout period, 20 normal tension glaucoma patients, recruited from a single university-based ophthalmology clinic, received either latanoprost once daily or dorzolamide 3 times daily for 4 weeks. The subjects were examined at baseline and post-treatment. Outcome measures included heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), logMar visual acuity (VA), contrast sensitivity (CS), intraocular pressure (IOP), color Doppler imaging (CDI), and fluorescein angiography with the Rodenstock scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO). CDI measurements of the retrobulbar vessels included peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, and the calculated resistance index. Arterio-venous passage time (AVP) in the superior and inferior temporal retina was calculated from the SLO angiograms. Results Neither dorzolamide nor latanoprost had any statistically significantly effect on HR or BP. Both drugs significantly lowered IOP without altering calculated ocular perfusion pressure (p<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in any CDI measurement. Dorzolamide significantly decreased AVP time in the superior retina (p=0.011), while latanoprost did not (p=0.62). Conclusions Dorzolamide, unlike latanoprost, significantly reduced AVP times in the superior temporal retina in normal tension glaucoma (NTG) patients.
Intraocular Hemorrhage after Systemic Thrombolytic Therapy in a Patient with Exudative Macular Degeneration
Authors: Djalilian A.R. , Cantrill H.C. , Samuelson T.W. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report a hemorrhagic complication from thrombolytic therapy in a patient with exudative macular degeneration Case Report A 75 year old patient with exudative macular degeneration developed pain and loss of vision in the left eye shortly after receiving tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) for a myocardial infarction. Examination revealed the patient to be in angle closure. A CT scan revealed the etiology of the angle closure to be a dense vitreous hemorrhage pushing the iris-lens diaphragm forward. Intraocular pressure was treated successfully, but the final visual acuity was only light perception Conclusions Thrombolytic therapy can lead to devastating intraocular hemorrhages. The presence of exudative macular degeneration may potentially increase the risk of developing such complications.
Liposarcoma Metastatic to the Orbit
Authors: Tehrani A-HY. , Heegaard S. , Prause JU. , Fledelius HC. , Daugaard S. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To describe a patient with liposarcoma metastatic to the left orbit. Methods A 72-year-old man was admitted with diplopia and proptosis of the left eye. Previously, a retroperitoneal liposarcoma had been surgically removed followed by postoperative radiation. Visual acuity was normal. There was proptosis of the left eye, increased retrobulbar resistance and reduced mobility. Trans-septal orbital biopsies showed liposarcoma. The patient was initially treated with prednisolone and later received radio- and chemotherapy. Despite treatment he lost vision of the left eye and died a few months later. Results Histological examination of the orbital tumor revealed a spindle-cell liposarcoma similar to the primary tumor of the retroperitoneum. Conclusions Liposarcoma metastatic to the orbit is rare, but should be suspected in a patient with proptosis caused by a space-occupying lesion and a history of liposarcoma.
Complications of Laser in Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)
Authors: Tabbara K.F. , El-Sheikh H.F. , Vera-Cristo C.L. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To report major complications associated with laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods Twenty-four eyes of 23 patients who underwent LASIK in different centers in Saudi Arabia were included. There were 9 women and 14 men. The age range was from 20 to 65 years. Nineteen of the 23 patients had been referred to the Eye Center for management. All patients had a complete ophthalmologic examination, refraction, corneal topography and pachymetry. Results The 24 eyes of 23 patients had complications consequent to LASIK. Thirteen were intraoperative complications, and 11 postoperative. Ten (44%) of the 23 cases were related to the corneal flap, two (9%) with intraocular perforation with the microkeratome. Three (13%) had photoablation-related complications. Postoperative complications included three (13%) cases of infections, four (17%) stromal-interface related problems, one (5%) who developed interface vascularization, and one (5%) with non-ischemic central retinal vein occlusion. Conclusions Although LASIK is a safe and effective procedure, a small number of patients may suffer serious complications that can even lead to visual loss. The procedure must be carefully performed by qualified surgeons.
Prevention of Posterior Capsule Opacification Using Capsular Tension Ring for Zonular Defects in Cataract Surgery
Authors: D'Eliseo D. , Pastena B. , Longanesi L. , Grisanti F. , Negrini V. 
Published: January 2018

Purpose To evaluate the incidence of secondary cataract in phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation using a capsular tension ring in case of zonular dehiscence. Methods Phacoemulsification using a double capsular tension ring and intraocular lens implantation was done in 65 eyes with cataract and severe zonular weakness. One year after surgery capsular opacities and fibrosis were detected in a double-blind examination. The results were compared with a control group of 36 eyes that did not have a capsular tension ring but had similar surgery. Results In the group with the capsular tension ring and implantation 7.7% of patients had moderate or severe posterior capsule opacification, compared with 36.1% in the control group. Conclusions Capsular tension rings may influence the formation of capsule opacification.