bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The double‐edged sword effect of reading self‐concept on math achievement: Additional insights for making dimensional comparisons
Authors: Cai Yuyang , Zhu Liping , Yang Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA common belief underlying the dimensional comparison theory is that reading self‐concept has a positive relation to reading achievement but a negative relation to math achievement. However, this belief is incomplete and potentially misleading as supporting evidence is usually derived from studies without simultaneously considering the mediated effect of reading self‐concept through reading achievement. The current study examined the direct and indirect effects of reading self‐concept on math achievement through reading achievement, using PISA 2018 data from 501,766 students across 74 countries/territories. Multilevel structural equation modeling was performed to control for confounding variances from the school level and above. The results showed that reading self‐concept had a direct and negative effect on math achievement, while also exerting a positive indirect effect on math achievement through reading achievement. Overall, the indirect effect outperformed the negative direct effect on math achievement. We concluded that reading self‐concept exerted a double‐edged effect on math achievement. These results should be able to shed new light on the contrasting comparison effect of self‐concept on academic achievement.
Simulation of a Microwave Plasma Torch Used for Hydrogen Production via Methane Pyrolysis
Authors: Kreuznacht Simon , Böke Marc , von Keudell Achim 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTHydrogen is often envisioned as a green fuel and energy carrier. However, a greenhouse gas‐free production method is still needed for this purpose. A promising method is the pyrolysis of methane. In this study, we present the three‐dimensional simulation of methane pyrolysis in a microwave plasma torch operated in an argon–methane mixture. Due to the high gas temperatures, the chemistry is dominated by reactions between neutral particles. Therefore, the plasma is treated only as a heat source using space‐resolved gas temperature measurements as input. The end‐of‐pipe results of the simulation are compared to measured values, showing good agreement for methane conversion.
Plasma Etch of IGZO Thin Film and IGZO/SiO2 Interface Diffusion in Inductively Coupled CH4/Ar Plasmas
Authors: Li Jie , Kundu Shreya , Souriau Laurent , Bezard Philippe , Izmailov Roman , Lazzarino Frederic 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIn this work, the etching characteristics of InGaZnO4 (IGZO) thin films were systemically investigated in inductively coupled CH4/Ar plasmas with various gas ratios, bias voltages, and surface temperatures. The ion flux in the CH4/Ar plasmas was analyzed using bias power and voltage, whereas the relative densities of CH and H radicals were quantified through optical actinometry. The change in CH3 radical density was also estimated based on plasma kinetics analysis. The correlations between the plasma properties and IGZO etch rate were investigated. In CH4/Ar plasmas with CH4 ratios below 80%, the IGZO etch rate increases with a higher CH4 proportion, aligning with the ascending trend of CH3 radical density, which suggests that CH3 radical density acts as a limiting factor (radical‐limited regime). However, the IGZO etch rate decreases when the CH4 ratio exceeds 80%, corresponding to the reduction in ion flux, which indicates that ion flux becomes a limiting factor in this ion‐limited regime. The IGZO etch rate shows a linear relationship with bias voltage and follows the Arrhenius equation with varying surface temperature in plasmas without bias voltage. A spontaneous etch model was proposed based on these relationships. In this model, the IGZO etch rate depends on CH3 radical density and IGZO surface reactivity, where ion bombardment contributes more significantly to surface reactivity than high surface temperature. IGZO thin film was deposited on SiO2 during the fabrication of a 3D stacked ferroelectric field‐effect transistor (FeFET) memory device. The interaction between IGZO and SiO2 during CH4/Ar plasma processing was investigated using time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. The efficacy of removing IGZO atoms that had diffused into the SiO2 network was enhanced when subjected to plasma with a bias voltage, compared to the process without a bias voltage. However, exposure to CH4/Ar plasma resulted in a deeper diffusion of IGZO atoms into the SiO2 network, primarily attributed to ion bombardment rather than elevated surface temperature. A significant improvement in surface smoothness was achieved after IGZO and SiO2 etch by introducing BCl3 into the SiO2 etching chemistry.
Perfusable Plasma‐Activated Saline for Oxidative Stress Delivery to Induce Tumor Cell Apoptosis in Nonmuscle‐Invasive Bladder Cancer
Authors: Zhu He , Xu Shengduo , Wu Tong , Jing Xixi , Wang Zewei , Zhou Renwu , Zhang Hao , Liu Dingxin , Rong Mingzhe , Yang Xiaojian 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNonmuscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is a common urologic malignancy. Currently, conventional postoperative perfusion therapy for NMIBC still has high side effects and recurrence rates. Cold atmospheric plasma is a fledgling reactive oxygen species (ROS)–based therapeutic technique for cancer treatment. In this study, we examined the feasibility of plasma‐activated saline (PAS) perfusion for treating NMIBC. The results show that underwater bubble plasma can generate abundant ROS in PAS. In vitro studies revealed that PAS could trigger apoptosis in bladder cancer T24 cells by activating the ROS‐mediated caspase‐3 cascade reaction. In vivo tests revealed that intravesical PAS perfusion effectively inhibited nonmuscle‐invasive T24 tumor growth without significant side effects. Therefore, our results suggest that intravesical PAS perfusion may be a novel treatment option for NMIBC.
Oxygen in the newborn period: Could the oxygen reserve index offer a new perspective?
Authors: Liz Catarina Ferraz , Proença Elisa 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOxygen therapy has been one of the main challenges in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The guidelines currently in use try to balance the burden of hypoxia and hyperoxia such as retinopathy of prematurity, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and death. The goal of this paper is to review neonatal oxygenation and the impact of hyperoxia and hypoxia in neonatal outcomes as well as review the available literature concerning the use of Oxygen Reserve Index (ORiTM) in clinical practice and its potential in Neonatology, particularly in NICU. Pulse oximetry has been used to monitor oxygenation in newborns with the advantage of being a noninvasive and continuous parameter, however it has limitations in detecting hyperoxemic states due to the flattening of the hemoglobin dissociation curve. The ORiTM is a new parameter that has been used to detect moderate hyperoxia and, when used in addiction to spO2, could be helpful in both hypoxia and hyperoxia. Studies using this tool are mainly in the adult population, during anesthetic procedures with only a small number of studies being performed in pediatric context. Oxygen targets remain a major problem for neonatal population and regardless of the efforts made to establish a safe oxygenation range, a more individualized approach seems to be the more appropriate pathway. ORiTM monitoring could help defining how much oxygen is too much for each newborn. Despite its promising potential, ORiTM is still a recent technology that requires more studies to determine its true potential in clinical practice.
Insights Into the Molecular Interactions of MIC2 and M2AP: Role of TSR6 and Conservation Across Species
Authors: Xia Xu , Du Chenqiang , Wang Yang , Song Gaojie 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTMicroneme protein 2 (MIC2) and its associated protein M2AP are pivotal for the gliding motility and host cell invasion by Toxoplasma gondii. In our prior work, we showed that M2AP binds specifically to the sixth TSR domain of MIC2, with this interaction mediated dominantly by the hotspot residue H620 situated at the center of TSR6. To delve deeper into the functional significance of H620 and explore the dynamic behavior of Y602, we conducted molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of the Toxoplasma TSR6‐M2AP complex, encompassing both wild‐type and mutant forms. Our findings underscore the critical role of H620 within TSR6, particularly its hydrogen bond interaction with K72 of M2AP. The H620A mutation disrupts the nearby hydrophobic network while minimally affecting other hydrophilic interactions. Furthermore, our data reveal a highly conserved binding pose between M2AP and TSR6 across different species, consistent with previous trans‐genera studies, thereby offering insights for future strategies in infection control development.
Non‐invasive surrogates for right Ventricular‐Pulmonary arterial coupling: a systematic review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Golbin Jem M. , Shukla Neehal , Nero Neil , Hockstein Maxwell A. , Tonelli Adriano R. , Siuba Matthew T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRight ventricle‐pulmonary artery (RV‐PA) coupling describes the energetic relationship between RV contractility and its afterload. The gold standard for assessment of this relationship requires invasive pressure‐volume (PV) loop measurements. Non‐invasive surrogates of RV‐PA coupling have been developed, such as the echocardiographic tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion to pulmonary artery systolic pressure ratio (TAPSE/PASP), but their performance has not been systematically assessed. We sought to assess performance of TAPSE/PASP ratio compared to PV loop‐defined RV‐PA coupling. A systematic search was conducted. Studies were included if PV loop derived RV‐PA coupling metrics were compared to echocardiographic or magnetic resonance imaging surrogates. We conducted a meta‐analysis of TAPSE/PASP correlation to PV loop‐defined RV‐PA coupling. 1452 studies were identified in the initial search, of which ten met inclusion criteria. Five studies allowed for pooled analysis of TAPSE/PASP to Ees/Ea correlation (r = 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.36–0.65). There was moderate heterogeneity across the pooled studies. Despite the common use of Non‐invasive surrogates of RV‐PA coupling, there is only moderate correlation with gold standard measurements. These metrics do not inform on the individual components of RV‐PA coupling, limiting their use in the management of patients with RV dysfunction.
Punishment or reward? Environmental information disclosure in Chinese listed companies based on evolutionary game systems
Authors: Cai Rongjiang , Wang Xi , Zhang Tao , Liu Nana , Jia Qiaoran 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn February 2022, the Chinese government implemented a mandatory environmental information disclosure policy for publicly traded corporations. To assess the factors influencing environmental information disclosure, we developed a tripartite evolutionary game system model based on strategic interactions between the government, enterprises and the public. Afterwards, we conducted a simulation to examine the systemic interaction equilibrium among the parties involved. Additionally, we assessed critical factor changes in decision‐making for three stakeholders: initial strategy selection, related policy subsidies, regulatory penalties and public incentives. Incorporating Gaussian white noise into the evolutionary game model enhances the realism of simulations, allowing for a more accurate representation of how random disturbances affect decision‐making among the government, the public and enterprises. The study reveals that the active participation of the public in information disclosure activities has a certain degree of substitution effect on the government's choice to regulate high‐quality information disclosure by enterprises actively. The penalty mechanism is more effective than the subsidy mechanism. The public's decision‐making process is susceptible to the direct economic benefits that enterprises can gain from disclosing low‐quality environmental information.
Sustainable materials systems for triboelectric nanogenerator
Authors: Hao Yijun , Zhang Chuguo , Su Wei , Zhang Hongke , Qin Yong , Wang Zhong Lin , Li Xiuhan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBenefiting from the high sensitivity and electromechanical conversion efficiency, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are widely used in various fields of self‐powered sensing and mechanical energy harvesting, which have great potential for application in future smart Internet of Things. The development of sustainable triboelectric materials with high‐performance has a vital impact on the construction of TENG devices that combine high‐output performance and environmental friendliness, which have a positive impact on the sustainable development of humanity. This review systematically and comprehensively summarizes the latest research work on TENG's sustainable materials. First, an overall overview is provided based on the composition of the materials, including amino acids, polysaccharides, and synthetic polymer, and the representative research works are further classified and summarized in detail. In addition, the latest research progress of TENG with sustainable materials in the fields of self‐powered sensing and mechanical energy harvesting applications is also summarized. Finally, the overviews are provided for the various challenges in the current development of TENG's sustainable material, and the related outlooks are offered on the corresponding development strategies and directions of this field in the future.
Graphene‐Based Catalysts: Emerging Applications and Potential Impact
Authors: Alam Mir Waqas , Allag Nassiba , Naveed‐Ur‐Rehman Mir , Islam Bhat Shahidul 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCarbon nanofillers in general and graphene in particular are considered as promising potential candidates in catalysis due to their two‐dimensional (2D) nature, zero bandwidth, single atom thickness with a promising high surface area: volume ratio. Additionally, graphene oxide via result of tunable electrical properties has also been developed as a catalytic support for metal and metal oxide nanofillers. Moreover, the possession of higher chemical stability followed by ultrahigh thermal conductivity plays a prominent role in promoting higher reinforcement of catalytically active sites. In this review we have started with an overview of carbon nanofillers as catalyst support, their main characteristics and applications for their use in heterogeneous catalysis. The review article also critically focusses on the catalytic properties originating from both functional groups as well as doping. An in‐depth literature on the various reaction catalysed by metal oxide based nanoparticles supported on GO/rGO has also been incorporated with a special focus on the overall catalytic efficiency with respect to graphene contribution. The future research prospective in the aforementioned field has also been discussed.
Effects of Different Technological Forms of the Perilla frutescens in the Diet on Ruminal Fermentation, Milk and Plasma Fatty Acid Composition, Ruminal Biohydrogenation and Milk Quality in Dairy Goats
Authors: Beyzi Selma Büyükkılıç , Ülger İsmail , Kaya Emrah , Ocak Buğra , Konca Yusuf 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundFatty acids can be protected by changing their structure or form against microbial activity, and the different forms of fatty acids can modulate the ruminal biohydrogenation rate and contribute to the desired fatty acid profile in milk fat.ObjectivesThe study investigated the effects of perilla (Perilla frutescens) dietary supplementation in the diet in different technological forms (seed, oil and formaldehyde‐treated oil) on milk, plasma and ruminal fatty acid composition, and milk quality in lactating goats.MethodsThe four dietary treatments consisted of (1) no supplementation, basal diet (CON); (2) perilla supplementation as seed at 44.7 g/kg (consisting of 20 g/kg oil (PS)); (3) perilla supplementation as oil at 20 g/kg (PO); (4) perilla supplementation as formaldehyde treated oil at 20 g/kg (protected perilla oil [PPO]). The experiment was implemented in a double 4 × 4 Latin square trial design, and sampling was carried out for 7 days after 21 days of adaptation.ResultsPerformance parameters were not affected by P. frutescens supplementation to the diet. PO decreased milk fat, whereas PPO increased milk fat. Milk cholesterol was not affected by P. frutescens dietary supplementation. Perilla oil supplementation in different forms to the diet did not affect ruminal pH, VFA and methane production. Perilla oil supplementation in different forms to the diet did not also affect the concentration of blood serum glucose, cholesterol and non‐esterified fatty acids. Perilla supplementation to the diet increased the milk conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), C18:3n‐3, C22:5n‐3, C20:5n‐3, C22:6n‐3 and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) concentrations, and PPO group showed the greatest values. Ruminal palmitic (C16:0) acid was decreased, and in perilla groups, stearic acid (C18:0) concentration had the lowest, and ruminal c‐9, t‐11 CLA concentration had the highest value in PPO.ConclusionsIt has been found that the most effective form of perilla oil in increasing milk quality is that with formaldehyde treatment (protected form). Perilla oil, which is a rich source of omega 3 in the diet, can be used to increase milk quality in goats without adversely affecting performance, ruminal fermentation and blood parameters.
The Role of Nondestructive Assay in Safeguards, Security, and Safety
Authors: Geist W. H. , Conner J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter defines nondestructive assay (NDA) and discusses the application of NDA to support nuclear safeguards, security, and safety. International safeguards is applied at the facility level, state level, and used by international and regional authorities. The nuclear material accounting and control system which heavily relies on NDA is a system to enhance nuclear security. NDA also directly supports nuclear security through detection and assessment of radioactive material found out of regulatory control. NDA techniques supports criticality safety and compliance by through holdup and waste measurements.
Principles of Neutron Multiplicity
Authors: Henzlova D. C. , Ensslin N. , Favalli A. , Geist W. H. , Holzleitner L. , Koehler K. , Krick M. S. , Pickrell M. M. , Reilly T. D. , Stewart J. E. , Veal K. D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the extension of the neutron coincidence technique to the measurement of higher orders of correlation (beyond pairs). Successful use of this technique requires more efficient neutron detectors but allows measurement of items with more unknown properties (like impurities). The chapter includes a description of the electronics which is used as well as a mathematical description of the measured quantities and their relation to the properties of interest of the measured item. This is done for both passive methods (using the neutrons emitted from the item) as well as active methods (in which an external neutron source is used to induce fissions in the measured item). The chapter describes how the detectors are characterized and calibrated and presents areas of application and algorithm developments. The section on active counting describes the important concept of item coupling. The chapter concludes with a section on high accidentals multiplicity counting.
Active Neutron Instrumentation and Applications
Authors: Swinhoe M. T. , Ensslin N. , Evans L. G. , Geist W. H. , Krick M. S. , Lousteau A. L. , McElroy R. , Pickrell M. M. , Rinard P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the use of active neutron instrumentation, in which an external neutron source is used to induce fission in the item of interest. The chapter includes a description of the properties of a variety of neutron sources that can be used to induce fission in the item. The application presented include single neutron counting (Cf shuffler and the differential dieaway technique) and active coincidence counting (active well coincidence counter and various neutron collars for fresh uranium fuel). The chapter concludes with a description of active neutron multiplicity counting, including the active epithermal neutron multiplicity counter.
Perimeter Radiation Monitors
Authors: Paff M. G. , Toevs J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRadiation portal monitors (RPMs) have uses in a wide variety of application spaces. Certain facilities, such as scrap metal processing plants, use RPMs to screen all incoming feed material to protect their facility, workers, and product from scrap metal contaminated with radiation sources that can include orphan industrial or medical radiation sources. In the nuclear security arena, RPMs are frequently used to screen people, vehicles, and cargo containers as they enter or exit a country via a land border crossing, an international airport, or a seaport. At nuclear facilities, perimeter radiation monitors are located at the periphery of nuclear-material and radioactive-contamination control areas to detect accidental or covert removal of radioactive materials. This chapter discusses various applications of perimeter monitors and gives primary emphasis to RPMs used to screen for material found out of regulatory control.
Principles of Calorimetric Assay
Authors: Croce M. P. , Bracken D. S. , Likes R. N. , Rudy C. R. , Santi P. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter describes the various physical principles associated with the calorimetric assay method for determining the mass of radionuclides within an item based on a combination of a thermal power measurement and knowledge of the isotopic composition of the item. The principles that are discussed within this chapter include the method for performing a calorimetric assay method, the production of heat from nuclear materials, the determination of specific thermal power for a given item containing radionuclides, and descriptions of the types of heat-flow calorimeters that have been used to perform measurements on nuclear material bearing items.
Calorimetric Assay Instruments
Authors: Croce M. P. , Bracken D. S. , Brochard X. , Likes R. N. , Rudy C. R. , Santi P. A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis chapter provides descriptions of various calorimeters that have been used to perform calorimetric assay ranging from calorimeters designed to measure small samples to calorimeter designed to measure 55- gallon drums. Examples of calorimeters which used both Wheatstone bridge temperature sensors as well as solid state sensors are presented within the chapter.
Planning and Design Responses to Urban Sound—Learning from and Listening to Cities and Turning Knowledge into Sound-Aware Practice
Authors: Maag Trond , Gisladottir Arnthrudur 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPeople, buildings, open spaces and the urban morphology and infrastructure all contribute to the everyday sound in which we live in our cities. Although sound has a crucial role in quality of life, established practices around environmental noise management and attempts to promote sound quality often fall short of adequately addressing and involving sound in urbanism and environmental design. We will guide the reader through different ways of approaching the everyday sound and explore opportunities to integrate knowledge about environmental sounds into various planning contexts and disciplines to better align with existing, sometimes non-sound-related, planning and design steps. By balancing differentiated approaches, including formal planning procedures and experiences from everyday urban life, the sound in the city could play a more articulated role in urbanism and environmental design practice and ultimately contribute to enjoyable places and cities.