bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
As sequências textuais no gênero oral: análise de uma aula expositiva universitária
Authors: Negreiros Gil Roberto Costa 
Published: January 2016

<p>O trabalho tem como tema a organização textual e discursiva do gênero oral “conferência” (também chamado, no trabalho, de “apresentação oral”). Nosso objetivo é analisar, a partir dos planos do texto e do contexto de produção, as estratégias de textualização empregadas pelo sujeito produtor e as regulações “descendentes” (regulações que as situações de interação nos lugares sociais, nas línguas e nos gêneros dados impõem aos enunciados) que interferem nessa produção e que, desta forma, se fazem presentes nos textos em questão. O <em>corpus </em>escolhido faz parte das elocuções formais (uma aula universitária), transcritas pelo Projeto da Norma Urbana Culta da Cidade de São Paulo - NURC-SP e publicadas por Castilho e Preti (1986). Adotaremos, como referencial teórico, aspectos ligados à Linguística Textual dos Discursos, na perspectiva divulgada por Adam (2000). A partir dessa perspectiva, investigamos a relação entre a organização macroestrutural do texto e os diversos fatores externos em jogo na elaboração textual do <em>corpus </em>em análise, focalizando a aspectos referentes à situação comunicativa e à interação entre os sujeitos. Os resultados das análises suscitam discussões relativas à interação postulada por Adam (2000) entre regulações “ascendentes”, que regem os encadeamentos de proposições no sistema que constitui o texto, e regulações “descendentes”, aquelas imposta pelas situações de interação e pelos gêneros. Com isso, também tentamos demonstrar, em nossa análise, que a apresentação oral possui estratégias de textualidade específicas, como, por exemplo, a adoção do tipo textual da narração, que pode ser um índice do caráter assíncrono do gênero em questão, tendo em vista que a narração é monológica (no sentido conversacional) e limita as possibilidades de cooperação dos ouvintes. Desta forma, sob o impacto da busca por expressão e por interação, os enunciados podem assumir formas infinitas, mas os gêneros e as línguas interferem como fatores que regulam o processo de textualidade.</p>
Fundamentos para o estudo da oralidade na escrita
Authors: Hilgert José Gaston 
Published: January 2016

<p>No presente capítulo introduzem-se reflexões sobre a produção de efeitos de oralidade em textos escritos à luz de fundamentos da enunciação. Nesse contexto teórico, mostra-se que não se deve partir de uma identificação aleatória de recursos lexicais e sintáticos, figurativos e temáticos, estilísticos ou retóricos para a compreensão da oralidade na escrita. Importa, antes de mais nada, identificar o <em>cenário interativo</em> em que esses recursos de linguagem se manifestam. O cenário interativo ou <em>cenário de interação</em> é configurado pela a relação narrador/narratário revelada no texto. Se essa relação se realiza por meio da interação de um <em>eu</em> (narrador) com um <em>você</em> (narratário), explícitos ou implícitos, tem-se nele instituído o princípio básico do diálogo, da conversa, que define a condição de <em>proximidade</em> dos interlocutores e, portanto, o cenário interativo propício ao uso dos recursos de oralidade. Na medida, porém, em que essa relação se realiza na forma de um narrador em terceira pessoa que se dirige a um leitor implícito, estabelece-se o cenário do <em>distanciamento</em>, no qual recursos que evoquem a oralidade não cabem ou, se ocorrem, assumem função específica. Este texto vai, então, dar especial atenção ao cenário interativo constituído pela interação <em>eu/você</em>, mostrando, em diferentes exemplos, os traços de oralidade determinados por ela e, também, os variados graus de proximidade que ela, por suas variadas formas de manifestação, pode revelar.</p>
A polissemia (social) do deserto: uma história do tópos histórico e historiográfico da solidão monástica no contexto latino medieval
Authors: Castanho Gabriel C.G. 
Published: January 2016

O que seria dos monges sem o isolamento? Se as formas de vida monásticas são diversas ao longo do tempo, a presença de um ideal penitencial de separação, de abandono e mesmo de desprezo do mundo é marca constante entre os monges do mundo latino medieval. Essa pluralidade de modalidades de isolamento levou parte da historiografia a compreender a solidão monástica exclusivamente como um desejo religioso de relação direta e solitária do monge com Deus. Ainda que apareça na documentação, essa vontade representa apenas o aspecto mais superficial da definição medieval de solidão. O presente artigo visa demonstrar que esta visão historiográfica parcial é tributária da revalorização medieval de alguns lugares comuns da retórica clássica e bíblica. Constatação não sem importância, uma vez que ela nos abre um novo horizonte analítico ainda não explorado pelos estudos monásticos: a função social da solidão medieval. Metodologicamente, o artigo propõe o exame das relações lexicais dinâmicas presentes no campo semântico da solidão medieval. Ao final de nosso percurso teremos demonstrado que o deserto latino é, antes de tudo, o resultado da transferência da noção oriental para o ocidente. Uma transferência que coloca a solidão sob o controle de especialistas do isolamento cristão, tais como eremitas e monges. Esses reivindicam para si o monopólio da ocupação de um espaço de solidão: o <em>eremus</em>. Por fim, o presente artigo defende que a noção latinizada de solidão, bem como a polissemia do <em>desertum</em> bíblico, implica uma concepção “territorializada” do espaço na medida em que os agentes sociais em questão pretendem exercer sua influência de forma exclusiva sobre este espaço.
Blockade of Tim-1 and Tim-4 Enhances Atherosclerosis in Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor–Deficient Mice
Authors: Foks Amanda C. , Engelbertsen Daniel , Kuperwaser Felicia , Alberts-Grill Noah , Gonen Ayelet , Witztum Joseph L. , Lederer James , Jarolim Petr , DeKruyff Rosemarie H. , Freeman Gordon J. , Lichtman Andrew H. 
Published: January 2016

Objective—
T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain (Tim) proteins are expressed by numerous immune cells, recognize phosphatidylserine on apoptotic cells, and function as costimulators or coinhibitors. Tim-1 is expressed by activated T cells but is also found on dendritic cells and B cells. Tim-4, present on macrophages and dendritic cells, plays a critical role in apoptotic cell clearance, regulates the number of phosphatidylserine-expressing activated T cells, and is genetically associated with low low-density lipoprotein and triglyceride levels. Because these functions of Tim-1 and Tim-4 could affect atherosclerosis, their modulation has potential therapeutic value in cardiovascular disease.

Approach and Results—

ldlr
−/−
mice were fed a high-fat diet for 4 weeks while being treated with control (rat immunoglobulin G1) or anti-Tim-1 (3D10) or -Tim-4 (21H12) monoclonal antibodies that block phosphatidylserine recognition and phagocytosis. Both anti-Tim-1 and anti-Tim-4 treatments enhanced atherosclerosis by 45% compared with controls by impairment of efferocytosis and increasing aortic CD4
+
T cells. Consistently, anti-Tim-4-treated mice showed increased percentages of activated T cells and late apoptotic cells in the circulation. Moreover, in vitro blockade of Tim-4 inhibited efferocytosis of oxidized low-density lipoprotein–induced apoptotic macrophages. Although anti-Tim-4 treatment increased T helper cell (Th)1 and Th2 responses, anti-Tim-1 induced Th2 responses but dramatically reduced the percentage of regulatory T cells. Finally, combined blockade of Tim-1 and Tim-4 increased atherosclerotic lesion size by 59%.

Conclusions—
Blockade of Tim-4 aggravates atherosclerosis likely by prevention of phagocytosis of phosphatidylserine-expressing apoptotic cells and activated T cells by Tim-4-expressing cells, whereas Tim-1-associated effects on atherosclerosis are related to changes in Th1/Th2 balance and reduced circulating regulatory T cells.
Extracellular Vesicles Activate a CD36-Dependent Signaling Pathway to Inhibit Microvascular Endothelial Cell Migration and Tube Formation
Authors: Ramakrishnan Devi Prasadh , Hajj-Ali Rula A. , Chen Yiliang , Silverstein Roy L. 
Published: January 2016

Objective—
Literature on the effect of cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV), ≤1 μm vesicles shed from various cell types during activation or apoptosis, on microvascular endothelial cell (MVEC) signaling is conflicting. Thrombospondin-1 and related proteins induce anti-angiogenic signals in MVEC via CD36. CD36 binds EV via phosphatidylserine exposed on their surface but the effects of this interaction on MVEC functions are not known. We hypothesized that EV would inhibit angiogenic MVEC functions via CD36.

Approach and Results—

EV generated in vitro from various cell types or isolated from plasma inhibited MVEC tube formation in in vitro matrigel assays and endothelial cell migration in Boyden chamber assays. Exosomes derived from the same cells did not have inhibitory activity. Inhibition of migration required endothelial cell expression of CD36. In mouse in vivo matrigel plug assays, EV inhibited cell migration into matrigel plugs in wild type but not in
cd36
null animals. Annexin V, an anionic phospholipid binding protein, when incubated with EV partially reversed inhibition of migration, suggesting a phosphatidylserine-dependent effect. EV exposure induced reactive oxygen species generation in MVEC in a NADPH oxidase and Src family kinase–dependent manner, and their inhibition by apocynin and PP2, respectively, partially reversed the EV-mediated inhibition of migration. Annexin V partially reversed EV-induced reactive oxygen species generation in murine CD36 cDNA–transfected HVUEC but not in CD36-negative human umbilical vein endothelial cell.

Conclusions—
These studies establish a general inhibitory effect of EV on endothelial cell proangiogenic responses and identify a CD36-mediated mechanistic pathway through which EV inhibit MVEC migration and tube formation.
Preadmission Use of Glucocorticoids and 30-Day Mortality After Stroke
Authors: Sundbøll Jens , Horváth-Puhó Erzsébet , Schmidt Morten , Dekkers Olaf M. , Christiansen Christian F. , Pedersen Lars , Bøtker Hans Erik , Sørensen Henrik T. 
Published: January 2016

Background and Purpose—
The prognostic impact of glucocorticoids on stroke mortality remains uncertain. We, therefore, examined whether preadmission use of glucocorticoids is associated with short-term mortality after ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH).

Methods—
We conducted a nationwide population-based cohort study using medical registries in Denmark. We identified all patients with a first-time inpatient diagnosis of stroke between 2004 and 2012. We categorized glucocorticoid use as current use (last prescription redemption ≤90 days before admission), former use, and nonuse. Current use was further classified as new or long-term use. We used Cox regression to compute 30-day mortality rate ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), controlling for confounders.

Results—
We identified 100 042 patients with a first-time stroke. Of these, 83 735 patients had ischemic stroke, 11 779 had ICH, and 4528 had SAH. Absolute mortality risk was higher for current users compared with nonusers for ischemic stroke (19.5% versus 10.2%), ICH (46.5% versus 34.4%), and SAH (35.0% versus 23.2%). For ischemic stroke, the adjusted 30-day mortality rate ratio was increased among current users compared with nonusers (1.58, 95% CI: 1.46–1.71), driven by the effect of glucocorticoids among new users (1.80, 95% CI: 1.62–1.99). Current users had a more modest increase in the adjusted 30-day mortality rate ratio for hemorrhagic stroke (1.26, 95% CI: 1.09–1.45 for ICH and 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01–1.93 for SAH) compared with nonusers. Former use was not substantially associated with mortality.

Conclusions—
Preadmission use of glucocorticoids was associated with increased 30-day mortality among patients with ischemic stroke, ICH, and SAH.
A Semi-Implicit Modification to the Lorenz N-Cycle Scheme and Its Application for Integration of Meteorological Equations
Authors: Hotta Daisuke , Kalnay Eugenia , Ullrich Paul 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
The Lorenz N-cycle is an economical time integration scheme that requires only one function evaluation per time step and a minimal memory footprint, but yet possesses a high order of accuracy. Despite these advantages, it has remained less commonly used in meteorological applications, partly because of its lack of semi-implicit formulation. In this paper, a novel semi-implicit modification to the Lorenz N-cycle is proposed. The advantage of the proposed new scheme is that it preserves the economical memory use of the original explicit scheme. Unlike the traditional Robert–Asselin (RA) filtered semi-implicit leapfrog scheme whose formal accuracy is only of first order, the new scheme has second-order accuracy if it adopts the Crank–Nicolson scheme for the implicit part. A linear stability analysis based on a univariate split-frequency oscillation equation suggests that the 4-cycle is more stable than other choices of N. Numerical experiments performed using the dynamical core of the Simplified Parameterizations Primitive Equation Dynamics (SPEEDY) atmospheric general circulation model under the framework of the Jablonowski–Williamson baroclinic wave test case confirms that the new scheme in fact has second-order accuracy and is more accurate than the traditional RA-filtered leapfrog scheme. The experiments also give evidence for Lorenz’s claim that the explicit 4-cycle scheme can be improved by running its two “isomeric” versions in alternating sequences. Unlike the explicit scheme, however, the proposed semi-implicit scheme is not improved by alternation of the two versions.
Effect of Leptin Replacement on PCSK9 in ob/ob Mice and Female Lipodystrophic Patients
Authors: Levenson Amy E. , Haas Mary E. , Miao Ji , Brown Rebecca J. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Muniyappa Ranganath , Biddinger Sudha B. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Leptin treatment has beneficial effects on plasma lipids in patients with lipodystrophy, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) decreases low-density lipoprotein (LDL) clearance, promotes hypercholesterolemia, and has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target. To determine the effect of leptin on PCSK9, we treated male and female ob/ob mice with leptin for 4 days via sc osmotic pumps (∼24 μg/d). Leptin reduced body weight and food intake in all mice, but the effects of leptin on plasma PCSK9 and lipids differed markedly between the sexes. In male mice, leptin suppressed PCSK9 but had no effect on plasma triglycerides or cholesterol. In female mice, leptin suppressed plasma triglycerides and cholesterol but had no effect on plasma PCSK9. In parallel, we treated female lipodystrophic patients (8 females, ages 5–23 y) with sc metreleptin injections (∼4.4 mg/d) for 4–6 months. In this case, leptin reduced plasma PCSK9 by 26% (298 ± 109 vs 221 ± 102 ng/mL; n = 8; P = .008), and the change in PCSK9 was correlated with a decrease in LDL cholesterol (r2 = 0.564, P = .03). In summary, in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice, the effects of leptin on PCSK9 and plasma lipids appeared to be independent of one another and strongly modified by sex. On the other hand, in lipodystrophic females, leptin treatment reduced plasma PCSK9 in parallel with LDL cholesterol.
The View from Havana: Chilean Exiles in Cuba and Early Resistance to Chile's Dictatorship, 1973–1977
Authors: Harmer Tanya 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article explores the history of Chilean exiles in Cuba and their role in early resistance to the Chilean dictatorship between 1973 and 1977. From the perspective of the Chilean exile–led Comité Chileno de Solidaridad con la Resistencia Antifascista in Havana, the essay also examines Cuba's support for resistance efforts. This involved not immediate training for armed insurgency in Chile but rather broader support for solidarity work. Indeed, the Cuban government and the Chilean exiles whom it supported were essential conduits for translating global activism into concrete resistance. They did this via the clandestine distribution of funds to Chile, human rights campaigns at the United Nations to isolate the Chilean dictatorship, and efforts to undermine US-Chilean bilateral relations. Simultaneously, Chilean left-wing parties had to come to terms with defeat and devise strategies for the future. These were bleak years, but they were essential precursors for later opposition to the dictatorship.
Dynamic model substantiation of elastic body in bilevel car
Authors: Лебедев Владимир , Lebedev Vladimir , Антипин Дмитрий , Antipin Dmitriy , Кобищанов Владимир , Kobishchanov Vladimir , Коршунов Сергей , Korshunov Sergey 
Published: January 2016

The aim of this work consists in choosing a rational way for the definition of selfresonant frequency in car body bending vibrations of a bilevel car.
A test subject is the car body of a bilevel car of the model 61-4465 manufactured by the Company «Tver Wagon Works».
The vibration tests of a bilevel car were modeled. Test results were compared to the data of actual test and a computation on the recommendations of regulations.
There is developed a lamellar finite-element model of a bilevel car carcass with its stiffness corresponding to a real car body. The assessment of selfresonant frequency in car body bending vibrations was carried out on basis of three variants of its model differed with the distribution of car body gross weight: uniformly throughout the whole of metalware; throughout the parts of metalware in accordance with mass position in a real car; taking into account the influence of partition rigidity in compartments and service rooms. The comparison of modeling results with the use of models described and results of actual tests shows their satisfactory correspondence that allows approaching to dynamic values of a real car body at the investigation of its loading by the methods of computer simulation.
Heterogeneous structure parameter effect upon resistance to contact spalling
Authors: Киричек Андрей , Kirichek Andrey , Баринов Сергей , Barinov Sergey 
Published: January 2016

At present time to increase surface layer life in machinery there is formed a heterogeneously streng thened structure representing alternate hard tough areas. The method of static-pulse working (SPW) with surface plastic forming is a method promising enough for the heterogeneous structure formation in a surface layer. At SPW the plastic forming of material to be strengthened is carried out through an impulse load which is a consequence of rise at a blow in an impact system of a strain wave and controlled by the change of geometrical parameters in an impact system. The SPW allows creating a strengthened structure both uniformly, and heterogeneously. For a wider use of the heterogeneous strain strengthening of the SPW in industry there were developed the heterogeneity parameters describing the distribution of hard-tough areas in the surface layer; there were carried out researches of the resistance to a contact spalling of heterogeneously strengthened samples of steel 45, steel X, steel 35 XGSA; there was carried out the analysis of the distribution of hard-tough areas in the surface layer of strengthened samples.
As a result of researches carried out for steel 45, steel 40X, steel 35XGSA there was defined a range of heterogeneity parameters conducive to the increase of their resistance to a contact spalling two … six times more.
Development of structural-functional circuit and algorithms of information advising system work for management decision formation at industrial enterprise
Authors: Черкасов Виталий , Cherkasov Vitaliy , Аверченков Андрей , Averchenkov Andrey , Аверченкова Елена , Averchenkova Elena , Аксененко Дмитрий , Aksenenko Dmitriy 
Published: January 2016

The development of an information advising system is based on the formation of fuzzy models describing a reciprocal factor effect of the internal envi-ronment upon each other and the plant external environment influence upon the internal one.
The offered information advising system has a subsystem for data input, a diagnostic unit, an assessment unit and knowledge base. The subsystem of data input is responsible for experts’ assessment input, interconnections and a user query formation. In the evaluation unit there are presented procedures for the effectiveness assessment of the measure complex with the consideration of environment influence upon factors of internal environment. In the unit of a diagnostic trend there are formed factor classifiers of external and internal environment, the selection of management decisions on basis of the formed recommendation set. In the unit of diagnostic trend there are saved tables of the influence of external environment factors upon internal environment factors and accounts are under formation. The system knowledge base contains experts’ assessment archive, formalized data of experts’ competence and a set of experts’ recommendations for various areas of knowledge.
Performance assessment of fluid power drive at stage of its design using evolutionary simulation
Authors: Казаков Валерий , Kazakov Valeriy , Казаков Павел , Kazakov Pavel 
Published: January 2016

In a number of engineering problems in the development of automated systems arises a necessity in the computation and design of a fluid power drive (FPD) in conformity with particular technological schemes for which there are no finished industrial products or it is necessary to carry out a sufficiently exact correspondence of operating characteristics with specified engineering data. In this case one does not carry out the selection of standard elements for a fluid power drive, but performs their designing, where there were used modern approaches and methods of the computeraided design.
As operation results show, a designed fluid power drive in most cases cannot possess required for system functioning dynamic properties: performance, capacity for a decrement, sensitivity and so on. According to the investigations, they depend in many respects upon such characteristics of a hydrosystem as static fluid of a hydrocylinder and piping, time constant of transient and damping coefficient.
If we consider the process of FPD designing as a procedure of a parametric synthesis, then the research of its variants with different combinations of parameter values gives a possibility not only to choose geometrical dimensions for a unit, but to estimate its potential operational functionalities.
At present time as one of the effective approaches in the realization of such a solution may be the application of methods for the evolutionary simulation, where each object analyzed is considered as an individual.
As an example of the evolutionary simulation there are considered the results of FPD servicing characteristics estimate computed on bases of design data for a forklift truck. The graphic dependences obtained establish the extreme correlations of hydraulic actuator operational characteristics which stipulate for a stable work of the fluid power drive in the transient behavior without special damping devices. Results of the evolutionary simulation allow analyzing the influence of parameters mentioned upon the damping coefficient changes and drawing a conclusion for decision making for the choice of such a design variant of a fluid power drive at which there would be ensured the best servicing characteristics of the plant.