bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ost-West-Migrationspotenzial: Wie groß ist es? / East-West-Migration Potential: How many will go West?
Authors: Straubhaar Thomas 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Wie viele Menschen aus den mittel- und osteuropäischen Ländern (MOEL) werden von dem mit dem EU-Beitritt verbundenen Recht auf Freizügigkeit Gebrauch machen und nach Westen in die „alten" EU-Länder wandern? Die vorgestellten Simulationen ergeben eine Bandbreite für das Ost-West-Migrationspotenzial in der Größenordnung von brutto jährlich 0,2 % bis 0,4 % der mittel- und osteuropäischen Bevölkerung, die bei einer Nettobetrachtung (unter Einbezug der Rückwanderungen) auf rund 0,1 % der Bevölkerung schmilzt. Hochgerechnet auf eine erste EU-Erweiterungswelle, ergibt sich für die MOEL-8 (Slowenien, Tschechien, Ungarn, Slowakei, Polen, Estland, Litauen, Lettland) ein Ost-West-Migrationspotenzial, das in 15 Jahren brutto etwa 3 % - 4 % und netto etwa die Hälfte, nämlich 1½ % - 2 % der Bevölkerung der MOEL- 8 erreicht. Dies sind rund 3 Millionen Menschen (brutto) bzw. 1 - 1½ Millionen Menschen (netto). Anders herum gesehen, entsprechen diese drei Millionen Menschen gerade einmal 0,8 % der EU-Bevölkerung. Mit Blick auf die zu erwartende Schrumpfung der Bevölkerung in den heutigen EU-15 Ländern und dem damit einhergehenden Alterungsprozess dürften diese Zuwanderungsbewegungen kaum negativ ins Gewicht fallen. Von einer „Völkerwanderung" kann also keine Rede sein!
Die EU-Beschäftigungslücken im Spiegei von Erwerbstätigenquoten / The EU Employment Gaps in the Mirror of Employment- Population Ratios
Authors: Klös Hans-Peter , Schnabel Claus 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Eine Analyse europäischer Beschäftigungsdefizite, die Erwerbstätigenquoten statt der traditionellen Erwerbsquoten verwendet, macht deutlich, dass in vielen EU-Ländern noch unausgeschöpfte Beschäftigungspotenziale bestehen, insbesondere bei älteren Arbeitnehmern, aber auch bei Frauen und im Dienstleistungssektor. Könnte die EU-15 die gleiche Erwerbstätigenquote wie die USA erreichen, so fänden fast 34 Millionen Personen zusätzlich Beschäftigung. Selbst das neue EU-Ziel einer Erwerbstätigenquote von 70 % würde die Schaffung von 23 Millionen Arbeitsplätzen bedeuten und erscheint deshalb überaus ehrgeizig. Zwar haben einige EU-Mitgliedsländer dieses Ziel bereits verwirklicht, doch streuen die Erwerbstätigenquoten so stark zwischen den einzelnen EU-Ländern, dass eine für alle Mitgliedstaaten einheitliche Beschäftigungspolitik wenig zielführend und ratsam erscheint.
Leading Indicators of German Business Cycles. An Assessment of Properties / Frühindikatoren der deutschen Konjunktur. Eine Beurteilung ihrer Eigenschaften
Authors: Fritsche Ulrich , Stephan Sabine 
Published: April 2016

Summary
A reliable leading indicator should possess the following properties: (1) The movements in the indicator series should resemble those in the business cycle reference series. (2) The relation between the reference series and the indicator should be statistically significant and stable over time. (3) The inclusion of the indicator in out-of-sample forecasting procedures should improve the predictive power. Our analysis deals with tests for these requirements applied to German data. We used frequency domain analysis, different Granger-causality tests and out-of sample forecasts. Only few indicators passed all tests. Their inclusion into VAR-based forecasts improves the forecast in the very short run. Further research should concentrate on the unsolved problem of the prediction of business cycle turning points.
Small is Beautiful?. Entwicklungslinien im Makroökonometrischen Modellbau / Small is Beautiful?. Tendencies in Macroeconometric Modelling
Authors: Heilemann Ullrich 
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung
Die Arbeit beschreibt Tendenzen im makroökonometrischen Modellbau der OECD-Länder im Zeitraum 1930 bis 1990. Sie zeigt, dass die Modelle im Umfang beträchtlich zunahmen, vor allem die Definitionsgleichungen und die Anzahl der exogenen Variablen. Ursächlich dafür waren sowohl angebotsseitige wie nachfrageseitige Faktoren - insbesondere die verbesserten technischen Möglichkeiten, aber auch die wachsenden Informationsbedürfnisse der Nutzer. Besondere Aufmerksamkeit widmete man den oft zitierten Alternativen „small and beautiful“ und „big and ugly“. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die so mit der Modellgröße assoziierten Eigenschaften nicht gegeben sind -,Größe ' ist nicht Ziel, sondern Ergebnis der Modellierung. Große Modelle erscheinen oft als komplex, und obwohl das im Grunde ein subjektives Urteil ist, sollten die Modellbauer sich mehr als bisher darum bemühen, die Transparenz ihrer Modelle zu erhöhen. Die Tendenz zu größeren Modellen dürfte sich zwar abschwächen, aber nicht zum Stillstand kommen.
Sleeping Process Patents and Environmental Innovation / Umweltpolitik und schlafende Patente
Authors: Hübner Marion 
Published: April 2016

Summary
Using a duopoly model of a patent race, it is shown that a stricter environmental policy might increase the probability of a sleeping patent instead of encouraging environmental technological progress. Two scenarios are discussed. The first concerns the regulation of a firm that competes with a foreign firm. The second concerns the regulation of a duopoly in a closed economy.
Multiple Attribute Group Decision-Making Methods Under Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Environment
Authors: Liu Xiaodi , Zhu Jianjun , Zhang Shitao , Liu Guodong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to develop some aggregation operators for multiple-attribute group decision making (MAGDM) with hesitant fuzzy linguistic information. First, the relationship between uncertain linguistic variable and hesitant fuzzy linguistic term set (HFLTS) is discussed. Some operations and aggregation operators for HFLTSs are developed. Second, based on the hesitant fuzzy linguistic weighted arithmetic averaging operator and the hesitant fuzzy linguistic hybrid averaging operator, an approach to MAGDM problem with hesitant fuzzy linguistic information is proposed. Finally, a practical application of the developed approach to supplier selection in a supply chain and a comparative analysis with other methods are presented.
The Persian squirrel of Kurdistan Province, western Iran: what determines its geographic distribution?
Authors: Sadeghi Maedeh , Malekian Mansoureh 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Here, we used the maximum entropy (MAXENT) method to predict habitat distribution of the Persian squirrel in oak forests of Kurdistan Province, western Iran. We used 70 points with known occurrence of the species and 17 environmental variables (climatic variables represented annual trends in temperature and precipitation, seasonality and extreme or limiting environmental factors) to map the species distribution. The MAXENT model showed high performance. Using a 0.5 logistic probability threshold, the models suggested about 16,783.5 ha of the study area to have high suitability for the Persian squirrel. These areas were thus estimated as “good” habitats. Amongst the environmental variables, land cover had the greatest role in the Persian squirrel’s distribution. Precipitation and temperature were the two major climatic factors that affected the Persian squirrel’s distribution. Gap analysis showed that many parts of the species habitat have remained unprotected what can threaten the survival of the studied species in the region. These findings can be used to develop conservation management plans and boost the network of protected areas in the region.
The impact of medium frequency pulsed magnetron discharge power on the single probe Langmuir measurements and resulted plasma parameters
Authors: Wiatrowski A , Posadowski W.M 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe resonant type power supplies of medium frequency designed for magnetron sputtering processes often use pulse density modulation to regulate the average discharge power level. While the output power level changes then number of pulses in a group changes, but the discharge current pulses are the same from pulse to pulse: their parameters (duration time, amplitude) do not change with the discharge power. The goal of this paper is to present the influence of medium frequency discharge power level on the direct current I-V characteristics of a single Langmuir probe and resulting plasma parameters caused by the pulse density modulation. The sputtering processes of titanium and copper were diagnosed at two spatial positions. The measured Langmuir probe I-V characteristics showed strong dependence on the discharge power. As the discharge powering pulses stay the same with the discharge power level change, such influence was unlikely to occur. Using time-resolved analysis of probe current waveforms the origin of this influence was indicated. The influence of discharge power level on the single probe Langmuir I-V characteristics and resulting plasma parameters was eliminated using a simple method of scaling the results. Finally, the reliable plasma parameters were calculated.
Sea Level Rise and Land Subsidence Contributions to the Signals from the Tide Gauges of China
Authors: Parker Albert 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe tide gauges measure the local oscillations of the sea level vs. the tide gauge instrument. The tide gauge instrument is generally subjected to the general subsidence or uplift of the nearby inland, plus some additional subsidence for land compaction and other localised phenomena. The paper proposes a non-linear model of the relative sea level oscillations including a long term trend for the absolute sea level rise, another term for the subsidence of the instrument, and finally a sinusoidal approximation for the cyclic oscillations of periodicities up to decades. This non-linear model is applied to the tide gauges of China. The paper shows that the limited information available for China does not permit to infer any proper trend for the relative rates of rise, as the tide gauge records are all short or incomplete and the vertical movement of the tide gauge instruments is unassessed. The only tide gauge record of sufficient length that may be assembled for China is obtained by combining the North Point and Quarry Bay tide gauges in Hong Kong (NPQB). This NQPB composite tide gauge record is shown to have similarities with the tide gauge records of Sydney, equally in the West pacific, and San Diego, in the east Pacific, oscillating about the longer term trend mostly determined by the local subsidence. As it is very well known that China generally suffers of land subsidence, and the tide gauge installations may suffer of additional subsidence vs. the inland, it may be concluded from the analysis of the other worldwide tide gauges that the sea levels of China are very likely rising about the same amount of the subsidence of the tide gauges, with the sea level acceleration component still negligible.
Flow and heat transfer of hydromagnetic Oldroyd-B fluid in a channel with stretching walls
Authors: Nasir Ali , Khan Sami Ullah , Sajid Muhammad , Abbas Zaheer 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe present study investigates the heat transfer in an electrically conducting Oldroyd-B fluid through a channel with stretchingwalls in the presence of an applied magnetic field. The governing partial differential equations are reduced in a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations using dimensionless variables. An implicit finite difference method is employed to develop a numerical solution at each spatial node for the governing nonlinear differential equations. The obtained results are analyzed and discussed graphically under the influence of controlling pertinent parameters.
Frequency analysis of nonlinear oscillations via the global error minimization
Authors: Kalami Yazdi M , Hosseini Tehrani P 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe capacity and effectiveness of a modified variational approach, namely global error minimization (GEM) is illustrated in this study. For this purpose, the free oscillations of a rod rocking on a cylindrical surface and the Duffing-harmonic oscillator are treated. In order to validate and exhibit the merit of the method, the obtained result is compared with both of the exact frequency and the outcome of other well-known analytical methods. The corollary reveals that the first order approximation leads to an acceptable relative error, specially for large initial conditions. The procedure can be promisingly exerted to the conservative nonlinear problems.
Analysis of a metal clad waveguide sensor having metamaterial as a guiding layer
Authors: Upadhyay A. , Prajapati Y.K. , Tripathi R. , Singh V. , Saini J.P. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this study a metal clad waveguide sensor with a metamaterial guiding layer is analyzed. Sensitivity of the proposed sensor is derived using dispersion and Fresenal’s equations for waveguiding mode and reflection mode. While efficiently analyzing and comparing the results with the existing one, some interesting findings are achieved. It is observed that the proposed sensor shows larger cover layer sensitivity and larger adlayer sensitivity compared to the dielectric guiding layer sensor due to adsorbtive properties of metamaterial. Henceforth, it concludes that the proposed sensor shows sensitivity improvement over a dielectric guiding layer sensor.
Survey of supercritical fluid techniques for producing drug delivery systems for a potential use in cancer therapy
Authors: Tabernero Antonio , González-Garcinuño Álvaro , Galán Miguel A. , Martín del Valle Eva M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Standard drug delivery systems for cancer treatment usually comprise a device with a specific size and shape (depending on the type of cancer that has to be treated), which is composed by a biodegradable compound with a chemotherapeutic entrapped within it. This device should have a molecule (mainly a protein) bound to its surface to target only cancer cells. On the contrary, supercritical fluids (SCF) have been widely used in the pharmaceutical industry for creating drug delivery systems or for extracting drugs from natural sources. This review explains the potential of SCFs for cancer therapies by studying the current uses of the different high-pressure processes that can be useful for this medical treatment, such as the development of new drug delivery systems (with their drug release) or the extraction of chemotherapeutics from a vegetal matrix.
From the Heart of Darkness: Critical Reading and Genuine Listening in Constructivist Norm Research
Authors: Deitelhoff Nicole , Zimmermann Lisbeth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn their article on critical norm research, Stephan Engelkamp, Katharina Glaab, and Judith Renner propose a poststructuralist, hegemony-critical program. They contrast it with an affirmative mainstream in constructivist norm research, which they argue is oblivious to power, unreflective, and Eurocentric. Therefore, they make a case for a program that unmasks hegemonic values, reconstructs and strengthens non-Western, local values, and reflects more systematically on its own position in the process of truth production. We show based on three points that the proposed program is not fruitful for a truly “critical” form of norm research: (1) it distorts the weaknesses and achievements of constructivist norm research, (2) it rewards an unreflected use of the terms “Western” and “local,” and (3) it lacks the necessary instruments for subjecting political processes to normative reflection.
The effect of coniine on presynaptic nicotinic receptors
Authors: Erkent Ulkem , Iskit Alper B. , Onur Rustu , Ilhan Mustafa 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Toxicity of coniine, an alkaloid of Conium maculatum (poison hemlock), is manifested by characteristic nicotinic clinical signs including excitement, depression, hypermetria, seizures, opisthotonos via postsynaptic nicotinic receptors. There is limited knowledge about the role of presynaptic nicotinic receptors on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of coniine in the literature. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the possible role of presynaptic nicotinic receptors on the pharmacological and toxicological effects of coniine. For this purpose, the rat anococcygeus muscle and guinea-pig atria were used in vitro. Nicotine (100 μM) elicited a biphasic response composed of a relaxation followed by contraction through the activation of nitrergic and noradrenergic nerve terminals in the phenylephrine-contracted rat anococcygeus muscle. Coniine inhibited both the nitrergic and noradrenergic response in the muscle (–logIC50 = 3.79 ± 0.11 and –logIC50 = 4.57 ± 0.12 M, respectively). The effect of coniine on nicotinic receptor-mediated noradrenergic transmission was also evaluated in the guinea-pig atrium (–logIC50 = 4.47 ± 0.12 M) and did not differ from the –logIC50 value obtained in the rat anococcygeus muscle. This study demonstrated that coniine exerts inhibitory effects on nicotinic receptor-mediated nitrergic and noradrenergic transmitter response.
Susceptibility of Primary Sensory Cortex to Spreading Depolarizations
Authors: Bogdanov Volodymyr B. , Middleton Natalie A. , Theriot Jeremy J. , Parker Patrick D. , Abdullah Osama M. , Ju Y. Sungtaek , Hartings Jed A. , Brennan K.C. 
Published: April 2016

Spreading depolarizations (SDs) are recognized as actors in neurological disorders as diverse as migraine and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Migraine aura involves sensory percepts, suggesting that sensory cortices might be intrinsically susceptible to SDs. We used optical imaging, MRI, and field potential and potassium electrode recordings in mice and electrocorticographic recordings in humans to determine the susceptibility of different brain regions to SDs. Optical imaging experiments in mice under isoflurane anesthesia showed that both cortical spreading depression and terminal anoxic depolarization arose preferentially in the whisker barrel region of parietal sensory cortex. MRI recordings under isoflurane, ketamine/xylazine, ketamine/isoflurane, and urethane anesthesia demonstrated that the depolarizations did not propagate from a subcortical source. Potassium concentrations showed larger increases in sensory cortex, suggesting a mechanism of susceptibility. Sensory stimulation biased the timing but not the location of depolarization onset. In humans with TBI, there was a trend toward increased incidence of SDs in parietal/temporal sensory cortex compared with other regions. In conclusion, SDs are inducible preferentially in primary sensory cortex in mice and most likely in humans. This tropism can explain the predominant sensory phenomenology of migraine aura. It also demonstrates that sensory cortices are vulnerable in brain injury.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSpreading depolarizations (SDs) are involved in neurologic disorders as diverse as migraine and traumatic brain injury. In migraine, the nature of aura symptoms suggests that sensory cortex may be preferentially susceptible. In brain injury, SDs occur at a vulnerable time, during which the issue of sensory stimulation is much debated. We show, in mouse and human, that sensory cortex is more susceptible to SDs. We find that sensory stimulation biases the timing but not the location of the depolarizations. Finally, we show a relative impairment of potassium clearance in sensory cortex, providing a potential mechanism for the susceptibility. Our data help to explain the sensory nature of the migraine aura and reveal that sensory cortices are vulnerable in brain injury.
Efeito da adubação orgânica e mineral no crescimento de plantas de orégano cultivadas em ambiente protegido
Authors: Oliveira Vanuze Costa de , Santos Anacleto Ranulfo dos , Souza Girlene Santos de 
Published: April 2016

O orégano é uma das plantas aromáticas e condimentares mais utilizadas no Brasil e a maior parte do produto consumido é proveniente de importação, mesmo o País apresentando condições de clima e solo favoráveis para o cultivo desta erva. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da adubação orgânica e mineral em plantas de orégano cultivado sob malha colorida. Foi adotado o esquema fatorial 4x4 (sendo quatro ambientes de luz modificada e quatro fontes de nutrientes: Latossolo Amarelo, esterco bovino, composto orgânico e NPK), adotou-se o DIC com seis repetições. Avaliaram-se as seguintes características de crescimento: altura das plantas, produção de massa seca e razão de peso foliar. Constatou-se que as plantas adubadas com esterco bovino obtiveram maior altura e maior produção de massa seca; e as plantas cultivadas no ambiente protegido pela malha azul tiveram maior altura, massa seca de raiz e massa seca total.Effect of organic and mineral fertilizers in growth of oregano's plants grown in protected environmentAbstract: The oregano is one of aromatic and spice plants most used in Brazil and the more part of the to consumption comes from imports, even the Country presenting favorable conditions of soil and climate for growing this herb. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic and mineral fertilizer in oregano plants cultivated under colored mesh. It was adopted a factorial scheme 4x4 (four modified light environments and four sources of nutrients: Oxisol, bovine manure, organic compound and NPK), was adopted the DIC with six replications. We evaluated the following growth characteristics: plant height, dry matter yield and leaf weight ratio. We evaluated the following growth characteristics: plant height, dry matter yield and leaf weight ratio. It was found that plants fertilized with bovine manure had presented greater height and higher production of dry matter; and plants grown under blue net had greater height, root dry weight and total dry mass.
Rate Decline, Power Laws, and Subdiffusion in Fractured Rocks
Authors: Raghavan R. , Chen C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A two-dimensional, mathematical model that considers transient flow under subdiffusion towards a horizontal well that produces a rectangular drainage region through multiple fractures is considered. Subdiffusive behavior expressed through a fractional constitutive flux law is intended to reflect a complex geology that may exist on a number of scales in the form of obstacles and channels as well as attendant changes induced by hydraulic fracturing, and considers transient diffusion as a continuous time random walk (CTRW). The hydraulic fractures intersect the horizontal well at arbitrary locations with distinct properties (length, width, permeability). Pressure distributions expressed in terms of the Laplace transformation are inverted numerically. Computational issues are addressed and numerical solutions are compared with asymptotic results. The focus of the work is on the boundary-dominated period for production at a constant pressure. Long-time responses described in terms of a two-parameter, Mittag-Leffler function lead to a decline in rate that exhibits power-law behavior — an outcome of a complex geological structure with significant variations in properties; that is, a complex geology where cracks, fissures and discontinuities abound. Conventional expectations of an exponential decline that until now has been the norm for the flow of a slightly compressible liquid in bounded regions are a subset of the results presented here.