bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Variant-Specific Functions of PIK3CA by Rapid Phenotyping of Rare Mutations
Authors: Dogruluk Turgut , Tsang Yiu Huen , Espitia Maribel , Chen Fengju , Chen Tenghui , Chong Zechen , Appadurai Vivek , Dogruluk Armel , Eterovic Agna Karina , Bonnen Penelope E. , Creighton Chad J. , Chen Ken , Mills Gordon B. , Scott Kenneth L. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Large-scale sequencing efforts are uncovering the complexity of cancer genomes, which are composed of causal “driver” mutations that promote tumor progression along with many more pathologically neutral “passenger” events. The majority of mutations, both in known cancer drivers and uncharacterized genes, are generally of low occurrence, highlighting the need to functionally annotate the long tail of infrequent mutations present in heterogeneous cancers. Here we describe a mutation assessment pipeline enabled by high-throughput engineering of molecularly barcoded gene variant expression clones identified by tumor sequencing. We first used this platform to functionally assess tail mutations observed in PIK3CA, which encodes the catalytic subunit alpha of the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) frequently mutated in cancer. Orthogonal screening for PIK3CA variant activity using in vitro and in vivo cell growth and transformation assays differentiated driver from passenger mutations, revealing that PIK3CA variant activity correlates imperfectly with its mutation frequency across breast cancer populations. Although PIK3CA mutations with frequencies above 5% were significantly more oncogenic than wild-type in all assays, mutations occurring at 0.07% to 5.0% included those with and without oncogenic activities that ranged from weak to strong in at least one assay. Proteomic profiling coupled with therapeutic sensitivity assays on PIK3CA variant-expressing cell models revealed variant-specific activation of PI3K signaling as well as other pathways that include the MEK1/2 module of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Our data indicate that cancer treatments will need to increasingly consider the functional relevance of specific mutations in driver genes rather than considering all mutations in drivers as equivalent. Cancer Res; 75(24); 5341–54. ©2015 AACR.
Essential Components of Cancer Education
Authors: Welch Danny R. , Antalis Toni M. , Burnstein Kerry , Vona-Davis Linda , Jensen Roy A. , Nakshatri Harikrishna , Riegel Anna T. , Spitz Douglas R. , Watson Dennis K. , Weiner George J. 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Modern cancer therapy/care involves the integration of basic, clinical, and population-based research professionals using state-of-the-art science to achieve the best possible patient outcomes. A well-integrated team of basic, clinical, and population science professionals and educators working with a fully engaged group of creative junior investigators and trainees provides a structure to achieve these common goals. To this end, the structure provided by cancer-focused educational programs can create the integrated culture of academic medicine needed to reduce the burden of cancer on society. This summary outlines fundamental principles and potential best practice strategies for the development of integrated educational programs directed at achieving a work force of professionals that broadly appreciate the principals of academic medicine spanning the breadth of knowledge necessary to advance the goal of improving the current practice of cancer care medicine. Cancer Res; 75(24); 5202–5. ©2015 AACR.
Identidades em campo. Discursos sobre a atuação de jogadores interculturais de origem africana e antilhana na seleção francesa de futebol
Authors: Oliva Anderson Ribeiro 
Published: December 2015

<p>O texto tem como objetivo principal analisar parte dos discursos produzidos sobre a participação de atletas interculturais – de origem africana ou antilhana – na seleção francesa de futebol na última década. Partindo dos referenciais teóricos vinculados aos estudos africanos e pós-coloniais, e fruto de uma investigação de maior dimensão, buscamos analisar a forma como a sociedade francesa – com seus conjuntos populacionais híbridos e complexos – fomenta, interpreta e rejeita, a partir das imagens e ideias construídas sobre os imigrantes africanos/antilhanos e seus descendentes, o entendimento acerca de suas identidades e das relações interculturais e multiculturais geradas pelas diásporas pós-coloniais. Selecionamos, para uma reflexão inicial, notícias veiculadas pela imprensa francesa e europeia sobre a atuação de atletas interculturais na seleção francesa após o campeonato mundial da África do Sul, em 2010.</p><div> </div>
Apixaban Reduces Hospitalizations in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism: An Analysis of the Apixaban for the Initial Management of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep‐Vein Thrombosis as First‐Line Therapy (AMPLIFY) Trial
Authors: Liu Xianchen , Johnson Margot , Mardekian Jack , Phatak Hemant , Thompson John , Cohen Alexander T. 
Published: December 2015

Background
In the Apixaban for the Initial Management of Pulmonary Embolism and Deep‐Vein Thrombosis as First‐Line Therapy (AMPLIFY) trial, apixaban was noninferior to enoxaparin/warfarin in preventing recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism (VTE) or venous thromboembolism–related death, with significantly less bleeding. This analysis evaluated the effects of apixaban versus enoxaparin/warfarin on all‐cause hospitalizations during AMPLIFY.

Methods and Results

Of the 5365 patients included, 2676 received apixaban and 2689 received enoxaparin/warfarin. All‐cause hospitalizations during the treatment period after the index event were captured using dedicated case report forms. Outcomes included all‐cause hospitalizations and time from randomization to first hospitalization. Patients were censored at death, loss to follow‐up, or end of study, whichever came first. Treatment effects were assessed using Cox proportional hazards regression models. During the treatment period after the index event, 343 patients were hospitalized at least once: 153 (5.72%) in the apixaban group and 190 (7.07%) in the enoxaparin/warfarin group. Compared with enoxaparin/warfarin, apixaban significantly reduced all‐cause hospitalizations (hazard ratio 0.804, 95% CI=0.650–0.995,
P
=0.045). All‐cause hospitalization rates within the first 30 days after the index event were 2.28% and 3.35% in the apixaban and enoxaparin/warfarin groups, respectively (hazard ratio 0.676, 95% CI=0.488–0.935,
P
=0.018). For all patients, the average per‐patient estimated mean length of hospital stay was also shorter with apixaban than enoxaparin/warfarin (0.57 days versus 1.01 days,
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions
Apixaban significantly reduced all‐cause hospitalizations versus enoxaparin/warfarin, and shortened the length of hospital stay in patients with acute venous thromboembolism.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL:
https://Clinicaltrials.Gov/
. Unique identifier: NCT00643201.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Commercially Available Automated External Defibrillators
Authors: Nishiyama Takahiko , Nishiyama Ako , Negishi Masachika , Kashimura Shin , Katsumata Yoshinori , Kimura Takehiro , Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Tanimoto Yoko , Aizawa Yoshiyasu , Mitamura Hideo , Fukuda Keiichi , Takatsuki Seiji 
Published: December 2015

Background

Although automated external defibrillators (
AED
s) have contributed to a better survival of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests, there have been reports of their malfunctioning. We investigated the diagnostic accuracy of commercially available
AED
s using surface ECGs of ventricular fibrillation (
VF
), ventricular tachycardia (
VT
), and supraventricular tachycardia (
SVT
).

Methods and Results

ECGs(
VF
31,
VT
48,
SVT
97) were stored during electrophysiological studies and transmitted to 4
AED
s, the LifePak
CR
Plus (
CR
Plus), HeartStart
FR
3 (
FR
3), and CardioLife
AED
‐2150 (
CL
2150) and ‐9231 (
CL
9231), through the pad electrode cables. For
VF
, the
CL
2150 and
CL
9231 advised shocks in all cases, and the
CR
Plus and
FR
3 advised shocks in all but one
VF
case. For
VT
s faster than 180 bpm, the ratios for advising shocks were 79%, 36%, 89%, and 96% for the
CR
Plus,
FR
3,
CL
2150, and
CL
9231, respectively. The
FR
3 and
CR
Plus did not advise shocks for narrow
QRS SVT
s, whereas the
CL
9231 tended to treat high‐rate tachycardias faster than 180 bpm even with narrow
QRS
complexes. The characteristics of the shock advice for the
FR
3 differed from that for the
CL
9231 (kappa coefficient [κ]=0.479,
P
<0.001), and the
CR
Plus and
CL
2150 had characteristics somewhere between the 2 former
AED
s (κ=0.818,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions

Commercially available
AED
s diagnosed
VF
almost always correctly. For
VT
and
SVT
diagnoses, a discrepancy was evident among the 4 investigated
AED
s. The differences in the arrhythmia diagnosis algorithms for differentiating
SVT
from
VT
were thought to account for these differences.
Prevalence of Depression Among Stroke Survivors
Authors: Fei Kezhen , Benn Emma K.T. , Negron Rennie , Arniella Guedy , Tuhrim Stanley , Horowitz Carol R. 
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—
Although poststroke depression is common, racial–ethnic disparities in depression among stroke survivors remain underexplored. Thus, we investigated the relationship between race/ethnicity and depression in a multiracial–ethnic stroke cohort.

Methods—
Baseline survey data of validated scales of depression and functional status, demographics, comorbidities, and socioeconomic status were used from a recurrent stroke prevention study among community-dwelling urban stroke/transient ischemic attack survivors.

Results—
The cohort included 556 participants with a mean age of 64 years. The majorities were black (44%) or latino (42%) and female (60%), had their last stroke/transient ischemic attack nearly 2 years before study enrollment, and lived below the poverty level (58%). Nearly 1 in 2 latinos, 1 in 4 blacks, and 1 in 8 whites were depressed. Multivariate logistic regression showed that survivors who were younger, were female, had ≥3 comorbid conditions, were functionally disabled from stroke, lacked emotional–social support, and who took antidepressants before study entry had higher risk of depression. Time since last stroke/transient ischemic attack did not affect the chance of depression. After adjusting for all above risk factors, latinos had 3× the odds of depression (95% confidence interval: 1.18–6.35) than whites; blacks and whites had similar odds of depression.

Conclusions—
This study reveals that latino stroke survivors have a significantly higher prevalence of depression compared with their non-latino counterparts.
Depression Symptomatology and Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Garcia Grant H. , Wu Hao-Hua , Park Min Jung , Tjoumakaris Fotios P. , Tucker Bradford S. , Kelly John D. , Sennett Brian J. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Recent literature has recognized a correlation with depression and poor self-reported functional outcome after orthopaedic procedures. However, the effect of depression on anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) outcome has never been studied. Purpose: To quantify the incidence of major depressive disorder (MDD) and correlate depression symptoms with patient-rated knee function in patients undergoing ACLR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: In this multicenter prospective cohort study, 64 consecutive adult patients undergoing primary ACLR were given the 16-item self-report Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (QIDS) to assess MDD symptoms preoperatively and at 6 weeks, 12 weeks, 24 weeks, and 1 year postoperatively. Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores were obtained at the same time points to assess self-reported knee function. A QIDS score ≥6 served as a validated threshold for diagnosis of MDD. MDD and non-MDD group assignment was based on preoperative QIDS score. Student t test analysis was performed to compare ACLR outcomes between MDD and non-MDD patients. Correlation among QIDS, Lysholm, and IKDC scores was determined with Spearman r value. Results: A total of 27 patients (42%) were categorized in the MDD group. At baseline, the MDD group reported mean Lysholm (50.8) and IKDC (43.7) scores that were significantly lower than those (64.9 and 57.0, respectively) reported by the non-MDD group ( P < .05). Both cohorts showed similar and significant absolute improvement from baseline to 1 year postoperatively (MDD vs non-MDD, increase in mean Lysholm: +24.4 vs +23.5 [ P = .63]; MDD vs non-MDD, increase in mean IKDC: +28.1 vs +32.3 [ P = .21]). While Lysholm and IKDC scores improved in both groups, at 1-year follow-up, MDD patients reported significantly lower mean Lysholm (75.2 vs 88.4; P = .04) and mean IKDC (71.8 vs 89.3; P = .001) scores as compared with their non-MDD counterparts. In addition, a moderate inverse correlation was found between QIDS and Lysholm scores ( r = −0.50) and between QIDS and IKDC scores ( r = −0.54). Interestingly, 4 patients experienced complications in the MDD cohort (15%), while there were no complications in the non-MDD group. Conclusion: This study suggests that ACLR may be an equally effective intervention for MDD and non-MDD patients, given their similar significant absolute improvements in functional scores from baseline to 1 year after ACLR. However, MDD patients still reported significantly lower self-reported functional scores at baseline and 1 year postoperatively.
Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Practices among HIV-Exposed Infants in Coastal Tanzania
Authors: Williams Anne M. , Chantry Caroline , Geubbels Eveline L. , Ramaiya Astha K. , Shemdoe Aloisia I. , Tancredi Daniel J. , Young Sera L. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Appropriate infant feeding is a persistent challenge for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected mothers in sub-Saharan Africa. Objective: This study aimed to describe correlates of infant feeding among HIV-infected mothers in coastal Tanzania. Methods: HIV-infected women (n = 400) with infants younger than 18 months were enrolled from June to November 2011 from 3 public health facilities in Pwani, Tanzania: Tumbi Regional Hospital (TRH), Chalinze Health Center (CHC), and Bagamoyo District Hospital (BDH). Participants were surveyed about sociodemographics and infant feeding behavior at enrollment; infant feeding data were collected prospectively and retrospectively in the month of study follow-up. Results: Statistically significant correlates of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) were infant age (months) (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5-0.9), enrollment facility (TRH: reference; CHC: AOR = 5.0, 95% CI, 1.2-20.8; BDH: AOR = 11.6, 95% CI, 2.3-59.9), and HIV disclosure to one’s mother (AOR = 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.6). Exclusive breastfeeding prevalence among infants younger than 6 months was 77%, but 50% of infants older than 6 months no longer receiving breast milk did not receive animal source foods (ASF) daily. Enrollment facility (TRH: reference; CHC: AOR = 0.2, 95% CI, 0.1-1.0; BDH: AOR = 0.1, 95% CI, 0.01-0.4) and HIV disclosure (to mother-in-law: AOR = 0.2, 95% CI, 0.1-0.8; to brother: AOR = 0.3, 95% CI, 0.1-0.8) were negatively associated with ASF provision. Conclusion: High prevalence of EBF suggests that it is an attainable behavior, whereas low prevalence of daily ASF provision suggests that adequate diets are difficult to achieve after breastfeeding cessation. These findings support current recommendations for HIV-infected mothers in resource-poor regions to continue breastfeeding for at least 1 year and suggest the need for greater support with complementary feeding. Associations between HIV disclosure and infant feeding merit further exploration, and correlations between enrollment facility and infant feeding highlight the potential influence of clinics on achieving infant feeding recommendations.
Plagiarism Detection: A Comparison of Teaching Assistants and a Software Tool in Identifying Cheating in a Psychology Course
Authors: Seifried Eva , Lenhard Wolfgang , Spinath Birgit 
Published: December 2015

Essays that are assigned as homework in large classes are prone to cheating via unauthorized collaboration. In this study, we compared the ability of a software tool based on Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) and student teaching assistants to detect plagiarism in a large group of students. To do so, we took two approaches: the first approach was in vivo; that is, we observed whether LSA and the teaching assistants could detect plagiarism during the term. The second approach was in vitro; that is, we had 14 teaching assistants and LSA evaluate, after the term had ended, a sample of N = 60 essays of which two essays were identical. Results showed that the responsible teaching assistant did not detect the duplicates during the term (in vivo) and that the majority of the teaching assistants did not notice that they had read two identical essays (in vitro). Some of them even scored the duplicates in markedly different ways. However, the duplicates were easily identified and evaluated as equally good by LSA. We conclude that using LSA can improve assessment at universities in terms of detecting plagiarism.
An Integrative Professional Theory and Practice Paper: Personal Reflections from the Journey through Clinical Pastoral Education
Authors: McLean Gillian 
Published: December 2015

CPE is an experience-based approach to learning spiritual care which combines clinical care with qualified supervision, in-class education and group reflection (CASC - http://www.spiritualcare.ca/ ). Through didactic seminars, group presentations and personal reading there is opportunity for the student to acquire, apply and integrate relevant theoretical information into their practice. Written for my CPE Specialist application, this paper describes how, through the course of advanced CPE education, I learn to utilize and integrate theory into my clinical work. Beginning with three strands – authenticity, listening and storytelling – I then discuss how the behavioural sciences and theology inform my practice. Focusing on empathy, I speak of the application of disclosure, the use of counter-transference as a diagnostic tool, and the place of therapeutic termination. Group theory, family systems theory, theological reflection, liturgical ministry, and multi-faith practices are considered.
Metal coverage ratio of pipeline embolization device for treatment of unruptured aneurysms: Reality check
Authors: Jou Liang-Der , Chintalapani Gouthami , Mawad Michel E 
Published: December 2015

Background and purpose The metal coverage ratio (MCR) of a flow diverter influences the intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics; a high MCR will occlude an aneurysm early, while a low MCR may delay aneurysm occlusion. The true MCR of a pipeline embolization device (PED) could be lower due to oversize, device deformation, or aneurysm location. In this study deviation of the true MCR from the nominal MCR is assessed and whether their difference affects aneurysm occlusion rate is determined. Methods A total of 40 consecutive patients, each of them treated by one PED for their aneurysms at the internal carotid artery (ICA), were retrospectively analyzed. The DynaCT images of these deployed PEDs were used to determine their true dimensions and estimate three MCRs (local, mean, and nominal). These data were compared in two groups of patients who had different aneurysm outcomes at six months. Results The difference in the local MCR between two groups is small, but statistically significant (24.5% vs 21.6%, p = 05). The local MCR is consistently lower than the nominal MCRs (23.2% vs 30.2%, p < 0.001); however, the difference between the mean and local MCRs is small (23.9% vs 23.2%). Conclusions An expectation that a PED can achieve a MCR of 30% may not be reasonable. Device oversize and deformation during deployment lower the local MCR by 5–7%. A lowered MCR affects the aneurysm occlusion rate at six months.
Successful endovascular treatment of a dissecting aneurysm of vertebral artery associated with double origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery
Authors: Kawabata Yasuhiro , Tsukahara Tetsuya , Fukuda Shunichi , Kawarazaki Satoru , Aoki Tomokazu 
Published: December 2015

Background Double origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (DOPICA) has been rarely reported in the literature, with a reported incidence of 1.45%. In contrast, a high concurrence rate of DOPICA and vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm has been reported. Clinical presentation A 61-year old woman presented with vomiting and diplopia with preceding headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed fresh infarction of the left lateral medulla and a vertebral artery dissecting aneurysm of the left vertebral artery. The next day, she exhibited transient loss of consciousness and worsening of headache, and MRI depicted subarachnoid hemorrhage. Four-vessel digital subtraction angiography showed a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) arising both intracranially and extracranially from the left vertebral artery. Although the dissecting lesion involved the V3 and V4 portion, it did not involve an extracranially originating PICA. Internal trapping of the V3 and V4 portion was chosen as the extracranial channel was expected to supply the PICA territory. This procedure was safely performed. Conclusion Early endovascular intervention should be considered in the treatment of dissecting aneurysm of vertebral artery associated with DOPICA for patients with relatively long lesions even in unruptured cases.
Return to Play and Performance After Jones Fracture in National Basketball Association Athletes
Authors: Begly John P. , Guss Michael , Ramme Austin J. , Karia Raj , Meislin Robert J. 
Published: December 2015

Background: Basketball players are at risk for foot injuries, including Jones fractures. It is unknown how this injury affects the future play and performance of athletes. Hypothesis: National Basketball Association (NBA) players who sustain Jones fractures of the base of the fifth metatarsal have high rates of return to play and do not experience a decrease in performance on return to competition when compared with preinjury and with control-matched peers. Study Design: Retrospective cohort study. Level of Evidence: Level 5. Methods: Data on 26 elite basketball players with Jones fractures over 19 NBA seasons (1994-1995 to 2012-2013) were obtained from injury reports, press releases, player profiles, and online public databases. Variables included age, body mass index (BMI), player position, experience, and surgical treatment. Individual season statistics pre- and postinjury were collected. Twenty-six controls were identified by matched player position, age, and performance statistics. Results: The mean age at the time of injury was 24.8 years, mean BMI was 24.7 kg/m2, and the mean experience prior to injury was 4.1 NBA seasons. Return to previous level of competition was achieved by 85% of athletes. There was no change in player efficiency rating (PER) when pre- and postinjury performance was compared. When compared with controls, no decline in PER measured performance was identified. Conclusion: The majority of NBA players sustaining a Jones fracture return to their preinjury level of competition. These elite athletes demonstrate no decrease in performance on their return to play. Clinical Relevance: Jones fractures are well-studied injuries in terms of etiology, diagnosis, and management. However, the effect of these injuries on future performance of athletes is unknown. Using the findings of our study, orthopaedic surgeons may be better prepared to counsel and educate elite athletes who sustain a Jones fracture.