bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A geometric view of seismic wavefields: implications for imaging dense clusters of events
Authors: Harris David B 
Published: October 2024

SUMMARY
Imaging dense clusters of seismicity is crucial to many problems in seismology: to delineate complex systems of faults, provide constraints on the causes of volcanic and cryogenic swarms, and to shed light on possible means to prevent damaging induced seismicity in mining, geothermal, and oil and gas extraction activities. Current imaging methods rely upon high-resolution relative location techniques, commonly requiring arrival-time picks for seismic phases. This paper examines an alternative approach, based upon concepts drawn from differential geometry, that images directly from waveform data. It relies upon the common assumption of spatial continuity of seismic wavefield observations, which implies that a differentiable map exists between the source region to be imaged and waveform observations considered as elements of a vector space. The map creates an image of event clusters on a Riemannian manifold embedded in that vector space. The image can be visualized by projecting the observations into a tangent space of the manifold and is a distorted rendering of cluster geometry. However, the distortion can be predicted and removed if a model for wavefield propagation is available.
This visualization approach is applicable to clusters of uniform events with highly similar waveforms, such as are commonly acquired with correlation detectors or other pattern matching techniques. To assess its performance, it is applied to the closely related reciprocal problem of imaging the (known) geometry of an array from observations by the array of several regional events. Differences between the original problem and its reciprocal analogue are noted and controlled for in the analysis. Chief among the differences is the necessity for aligning the waveforms in the original problem, which, to maintain consistency with the original problem, is solved in the reciprocal problem by a generalization of the VanDecar–Crosson algorithm. The VanDecar–Crosson algorithm exhibits a bias, shown through an analysis of the situation when the observed wavefields are adequately modelled as plane waves. In that circumstance, the bias can be predicted and removed.
In a test using a portion of a large-N array, this imaging approach is shown to successfully reconstruct the array geometry. The method is applicable directly to infinitesimal array apertures, but is extended to a larger aperture by partitioning the image into local, effectively infinitesimal overlapping subsets. These are inverted, then assembled into a global picture of the array geometry using constraints provided by the overlapped regions. Although demonstrated in a reciprocal array context, the method appears viable for imaging clusters of events with highly similar source mechanisms and time histories.
Delivering large genes using adeno-associated virus and the CRE-lox DNA recombination system
Authors: Datta Poppy , Rhee Kun-Do , Staudt Rylee J , Thompson Jacob M , Hsu Ying , Hassan Salma , Drack Arlene V , Seo Seongjin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a safe and efficient gene delivery vehicle for gene therapies. However, its relatively small packaging capacity limits its use as a gene transfer vector. Here, we describe a strategy to deliver large genes that exceed the AAV’s packaging capacity using up to four AAV vectors and the CRE-lox DNA recombination system. We devised novel lox sites by combining non-compatible and reaction equilibrium-modifying lox site variants. These lox sites facilitate sequence-specific and near-unidirectional recombination of AAV vector genomes, enabling efficient reconstitution of up to 16 kb of therapeutic genes in a pre-determined configuration. Using this strategy, we have developed AAV gene therapy vectors to deliver IFT140, PCDH15, CEP290, and CDH23 and demonstrate efficient production of full-length proteins in cultured mammalian cells and mouse retinas. Notably, AAV-IFT140 gene therapy vectors ameliorated retinal degeneration and preserved visual functions in an IFT140-associated retinitis pigmentosa mouse model. The CRE-lox approach described here provides a simple, flexible, and effective platform for generating AAV gene therapy vectors beyond AAV’s packaging capacity.
The amino acid permease SlAAP6 contributes to tomato growth and salt tolerance by mediating branched-chain amino acid transport
Authors: Qiang Qi , Zhang Zhonghui , Li Xianggui , Li Chun , Mao Mengdi , Ding Xiangyu , Zhang Jianing , Li Shixuan , Lai Zesen , Yang Jie , Cao Peng , Ye Weizhen , Wang Shouchuang , Yang Jun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) required for protein synthesis, which also modulate growth and abiotic stress responses. To date, little is known about their uptake and transport in tomato especially under abiotic stress. Here, the tomato amino acid permease 6 (SlAAP6) gene was identified as an amino acid transporter that restored mutant yeast cell growth on media with a variety of amino acids, including BCAAs. Overexpression of SlAAP6 (SlAAP6-OE) in tomato raised the BCAA content and elevated the fresh weight, while SlAAP6 knockouts (slaap6) showed reduced levels of neutral and basic amino acids in seedling tissues and lower total free amino acid distribution to shoots. In comparison to wild type and slaap6 mutants, SlAAP6-OE alleviated root limited growth by elevated BCAA transport and upregulated the expression of root-growth-related genes by increasing BCAAs in vivo. As SlAAP6 serves as a positive regulator for BCAA abundance, SlAAP6-OE lines showed greater salinity tolerance, while slaap6 mutants exhibited increased salt sensitivity. The salt tolerance of SlAAP6-OE plants was further enhanced by the application of exogenous BCAAs. In addition, BCAA supplementation reduced the accumulation of H2O2 in root under salt stress conditions. Based on these findings, SlAAP6-mediated uptake and transport of BCAAs facilitated growth and salt tolerance in tomato. By characterizing this key amino acid transporter, this study provides a novel approach to simultaneously enhance tomato nutritional quality, growth and development, and stress resistance through genetic improvement.
Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 mediates G3P accumulation for Eureka lemon resistance to citrus yellow vein clearing virus
Authors: Liao Ping , Dan Xue , Ge Wen , Zhang Qi , Zhao Jinfa , Zhou Changyong , Zhou Yan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase 1 (GDPD1) plays an important function in the abiotic stress responses and participates in the accumulation of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) in plants, which is key to plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR). However, the role of GDPD1 in plant responses to biotic stress remains poorly understood. This study characterized the antivirus function of the GDPD1 gene (designated as ClGDPD1) from Eureka lemon. ClGDPD1 is located in the membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, where it interacts with the citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) coat protein (CP). Compared to individually expressed ClGDPD1 or coexpressed ClGDPD1 + CP140-326, transiently coexpressed ClGDPD1 + CP or ClGDPD1 + CP1-139 significantly upregulated the key substance contents and genes expression involved in glycerophospholipid metabolism. Over-expression of ClGDPD1 significantly facilitated the accumulation of G3P, upregulated the expression of SAR-related genes, and increased the resistance of transgenic Eureka lemon to CYVCV infection. Furthermore, exogenous glycerol treatment and over-expression of ClGPDH increased the G3P content and reduced CYVCV titers in plants or hairy roots. These results indicated that the enhanced resistance of ClGDPD1 transgenic Eureka lemon to CYVCV may be due to facilitating G3P accumulation through the interaction of ClGDPD1 with CP. Our findings provide novel insights into the role of ClGDPD1 as an important regulatory center in mediating the citrus defense response to viral infections.
On long-time asymptotic behavior and Painlevé asymptotic to the matrix Hirota equation
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Fan , Tian Shou-Fu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The nonlinear descent method is extended to study the long-time asymptotic behavior of the matrix Hirota equation with $4\times 4$ Lax pair in Schwartz space. The implementation of spectral analysis successfully transforms the Cauchy problem of the matrix Hirota equation into the corresponding high-order Riemann–Hilbert (RH) with $4\times 4$ jump matrix, and further analyses the established oscillation RH problem to study the asymptotic behavior of the solution in the space-time plane. Interestingly, the space-time plane $\{(x,t)|-\infty &lt;x&lt;+\infty , t&gt;0\}$ can be divided into three different asymptotic regions based on the phase function and $\xi =x/t$. The first one is the oscillatory region $\xi &lt;\frac{\alpha ^{2}}{3\beta }$, whose leading-term can be approximated applying the Weber equation with an error of $\mathcal{O}(t^{-1}\log t)$. The second region is the Painlevé region $\xi \approx \frac{\alpha ^{2}}{3\beta }$, whose leading-term can be approximated by the coupled Painlevé II equation, which is related to a $4\times 4$ matrix RH problem with an error of $\mathcal{O}(t^{-\frac{2}{3}})$. The last region is the fast decay region $\xi&gt;\frac{\alpha ^{2}}{3\beta }$, which solution is rapidly decreasing as $t\rightarrow \infty $. Our results provide a detailed proof for the asymptotic analysis for the solution of the matrix Hirota equation on the complete space-time plane.
“Kingsway leads the way to modern living”: British Profit-seeking and Modernism in Ghana and Nigeria 1920–1970
Authors: Harrison Ewan , Jackson Iain , Appeaning Addo Irene , Muraina Oluwaseun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This article examines the operative uses of modernist design by the Kingsway Stores, an elite department store chain active across West Africa. Kingsway responded to independence by instrumentalizing a particularly modernist domesticity through a series of didactic marketing efforts and the construction of boldly modernist new stores. While it was responding to African demands, this instrumentalization of modernist design was planned and executed as a business survival strategy: modernism is here revealed as complexly imbricated with colonial and neocolonial profit-seeking.
Bank Capital Regulation in a Zero Interest Environment
Authors: Döttling Robin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
How does the zero lower bound on deposit rates (ZLB) affect how banks respond to capital regulation? I study this question in a model in which households value the liquidity services of deposits yet do not accept negative deposit rates. When deposit rates are constrained by the ZLB, tight capital requirements disproportionately hurt franchise values and are therefore less effective in curbing excessive risk taking. The model delivers a novel rationale for “interest-dependent” capital regulation that is optimally laxer when the ZLB binds and tighter when the ZLB is slack but may bind in the future.
Sharpening complexity results in quantified probability logic
Authors: Speranski Stanislav O 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We shall be concerned with two natural expansions of the quantifier-free ‘polynomial’ probability logic of Fagin et al. (A logic for reasoning about probabilities, Inform Comput, 1990; 87:78–128). One of these, denoted by ${\textsf{QPL}}^{\textrm{e}}$, is obtained by adding quantifiers over arbitrary events, and the other, denoted by $\underline{{\textsf{QPL}}}^{\textrm{e}}$, uses quantifiers over propositional formulas—or equivalently, over events expressible by such formulas. The earlier proofs of the complexity lower bound results for ${\textsf{QPL}}^{\textrm{e}}$ and $\underline{{\textsf{QPL}}}^{\textrm{e}}$ relied heavily on multiplication, and therefore on the polynomiality of the basic parts. We shall obtain the same lower bounds for natural fragments of ${\textsf{QPL}}^{\textrm{e}}$ and $\underline{{\textsf{QPL}}}^{\textrm{e}}$ in which only linear combinations of a very special form are allowed. Also, it will be studied what happens if we add quantifiers over reals.
Comparing the efficacy and safety of first-line treatments for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a network meta-analysis
Authors: Wen Tingyu , Sun Guangyi , Jiang Wenxin , Steiner Kat , Bridge Suzannah , Liu Peng 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The chronic lymphocytic leukemia treatment strategies have transitioned from chemotherapy and chemoimmunotherapy to chemotherapy-free regimens. Frequentist network meta-analysis allows for direct and indirect comparisons between different treatments.

Methods
Randomized controlled trials assessing first-line treatments were included. Outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, undetectable minimal residual disease, objective response rate, and adverse events. Studies with comparable characteristics also underwent subgroup analysis, stratifying by age, comorbidities, IGHV status, and cytogenetic abnormalities.

Results
A total of 30 eligible trials involved 12 818 patients, and 30 treatments were included. Acalabrutinib demonstrated a PFS advantage over ibrutinib and obinutuzumab-venetoclax in patients aged older than 65 years or with unmutated IGHV. In younger patients with comorbidities, acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab had superior PFS compared with ibrutinib-obinutuzumab, ibrutinib-venetoclax, and obinutuzumab-venetoclax. For older patients with comorbidities, acalabrutinib and acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab outperformed obinutuzumab-venetoclax without statistically difference between them. Minimal residual disease–guided ibrutinib-venetoclax surpassed obinutuzumab-venetoclax in patients without comorbidities. Ibrutinib-obinutuzumab exhibited extended PFS benefits compared with obinutuzumab-venetoclax in patients with mutated IGHV or with del(17p) and/or TP53 mutations. Ibrutinib-venetoclax and ibrutinib-obinutuzumab had lower neutropenia rates than obinutuzumab-venetoclax. Ibrutinib-venetoclax had fewer infections than acalabrutinib and acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab. Acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab caused less diarrhea than ibrutinib-venetoclax but more headaches than ibrutinib-obinutuzumab and obinutuzumab-venetoclax. Obinutuzumab-venetoclax had lower hypertension rates than ibrutinib-obinutuzumab. Ibrutinib-venetoclax had fewer arthralgia than acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab. For any grade secondary primary neoplasms, ibrutinib-venetoclax and obinutuzumab-venetoclax was less than acalabrutinib-obinutuzumab.

Conclusion
Tailored chemotherapy-free regimens can be selected based on age, comorbidities, IGHV status, and cytogenetic abnormalities to optimize treatment outcomes while considering different adverse events spectra.
Risk factors for second primary breast cancer by laterality, age, and race and ethnicity
Authors: John Esther M , Koo Jocelyn , Ingles Sue A , Keegan Theresa H , Gomez Scarlett L , Haiman Christopher A , Kurian Allison W , Kwan Marilyn L , Neuhausen Susan L , Shariff-Marco Salma , Thomsen Catherine , Wu Anna H , Cheng Iona 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Epidemiological studies of risk factors for second primary breast cancer (SBC) have been conducted primarily in non-Hispanic White (NHW) women.

Methods
A racially and ethnically diverse population-based pooled cohort of 9639 women with first primary stage I-III invasive breast cancer (FBC) was linked with the California Cancer Registry; 618 contralateral SBC (CSBC) and 278 ipsilateral SBC (ISBC), diagnosed more than 6 months after FBC, were identified. Using Fine and Gray models accounting for competing risks, we assessed associations of CSBC and ISBC risk with FBC clinical characteristics and epidemiological factors.

Results
In younger women (FBC at age &lt;50 years), higher CSBC risk was associated with ER/PR-negative FBC (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.68), breast cancer family history (HR = 2.20), and nulliparity (HR = 1.37). In older women (FBC at age ≥50 years), higher risk was associated with breast cancer family history (HR = 1.32), premenopausal status (HR = 1.49), overweight (HR = 1.39), and higher alcohol consumption (HR = 1.34). For ISBC, higher risk was associated with married status (HR = 1.94) in younger women, and overweight (HR = 1.60) among older women. For CSBC, HR estimates were generally similar across racial and ethnic groups. Even after adjustment for these risk factors, compared with NHW women, risk remained elevated for CSBC in younger African American, Asian American, and Hispanic women, and for ISBC in older African American and Hispanic women with ER/PR-positive FBC.

Conclusions
Our findings support genetic risk evaluation, enhanced screening, and lifestyle changes in women at higher risk of SBC. Additional risk factors must contribute to the unequal burden of SBC across racial and ethnic groups.
Implementation of a Nurse-Initiated Antibiotic Time-Out (NATO) in Childhood Cancer Patients in Central America
Authors: Licona Sergio , Chen Yichen , Aguilar Karla , Argüello Deiby , Camacho Kattia , Ceballo Gloria , Chang Alicia , Contreras Johanny , Cross Shane , Durán David , Estripeaut Dora , Gamero Mario , Hernandez Angélica , Levy Jacqueline , Luque Marco , Maradiaga Blanca , Melgar Mario , Morton Ted , Revolorio Fernanda , Devidas Meenakshi , Faughnan Lane , Pauley Jennifer L , Muniz-Talavera Hilmarie , Abraham Monnie , Wolf Joshua , Weber Lorena Segovia , Mukkada Sheena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Children with cancer are at high risk for infection and frequently require antimicrobials. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions can mitigate toxicity and development of antibiotic resistance yet the pharmacy and infectious diseases specialists who usually perform AMS are often absent in global settings. We report our experience testing a novel intervention to shift the antibiotic timeout to nurses in six pediatric oncology units in Central America.

Methods
The Nurse-initiated Antibiotic Timeout (NATO) is a scripted conversation between nurses and physicians to reevaluate antibiotic appropriateness after 48 to 72 hours of empiric use for febrile neutropenia. First, we performed a baseline assessment of AMS capacity using the WHO Practical Toolkit for AMS Programmes checklist. Based on these results, sites tailored a generic implementation plan emphasizing educational and documentation tools and iterative PDSA (Plan-Do, Study-Act) cycles to improve implementation and effectiveness outcomes.

Results
All sites collected antimicrobial use data for a minimum of two months. Four sites then piloted NATO, producing change ideas, including changes to documentation tools, antimicrobial decision categories, communication processes, and times. From August 2022 – October 2023, NATO was performed in 53.4% of febrile neutropenia episodes in the three sites reporting data. Sites had substantial NATO performance rate variation from month to month. Sites reported changes in antimicrobial therapy in 47% of episodes after a 6-month period (Figure 1).

Conclusion
The difference in performance rate of NATO underscores the importance of real-time reporting to adjust AMS implementation strategies. The change ideas developed by each site differed, however, core tools emerged, which will support AMS in other global settings. Next steps include comparing antimicrobial use pre- and post-intervention and determining a sustainability and scalability plan.

Figure 1. Incidence of change in antibiotic therapy over time.
Use of Data from a Fever Registry (FEVEREG) to Identify Quality Improvement Opportunities in a Third-Level Hospital in Panama
Authors: Levy Jacqueline , Estripeaut Dora , Chen Yichen , Devidas Meenakshi , Faughnan Lane , Licona Sergio , Muniz-Talavera Himy , Mukkada Sheena 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Infectious diseases in childhood cancer patients are frequent and increase the morbimortality of these patients. Hospital del Niño doctor José Renán Esquivel initiated data collection in a registry of fever and neutropenia (FEVEREG) to evaluate outcomes and management of these diseases and identify opportunities for quality improvement. The objective of this study is to describe data collected to date.

Methods
Data was collected through a data collection instrument (CRF) using Trial Master platform. It was analyzed with R Data Analytics (version 4.3.2) and descriptive statistics summarized. Only patients who were admitted due to the febrile episode or were hospitalized when fever started were included.

Results
From Sept 2021 to October 2023, we captured 138 episodes in 70 patients, with a mean age of 8 years (range 0-15) and a similar percentage of female and male patients. The most common diagnosis was acute lymphoblastic leukemia (57.14%) and the episodes occurred more during the induction phase (24%) and in patients with a relapse protocol (31.5%). The time of administration of the antibiotic varied depending on the patient location at fever onset. 44% of outpatients (46/105) received the first dose of antibiotic more than 4 hours after the onset of fever, while hospitalized patients received this dose in the first hour in 64% of cases (21/33). Time from registration of outpatients until the first dose of antibiotic was an average of 71 minutes, with 60% of the patients receiving the antibiotic during the first 60 minutes. In 45.8% of the episodes, a blood culture was taken before starting the antibiotic. The febrile neutropenia algorithm was followed on 64.5% of the days evaluated, with the main cause of deviation being treatment to the focus of infection (55%) followed by clinical decision (41%). Bacteremia occurred in 26% of episodes (20/78) and 14% of episodes had documented viral infection (11/78). The most frequently isolated bacteria in blood was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13/33, 39.3%). Approximately 4% of the episodes (6/138) were admitted to the intensive care unit and died, half from septic shock and half from progressive disease. The average length of hospital stay was 12 days.

Conclusion
Data from FEVEREG has suggested opportunities for quality improvement in time to antibiotics and use of guideline compliant antibiotics (antimicrobial stewardship).