bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience and level of confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists
Authors: Ikhile Favour Osasenaga , Joan Enabulele Emien 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental trauma is one of the most serious and frequent oral problems in active children as well as adolescents worldwide. Anyone can be a victim. Hence, the level of competence in the management cannot be undermined.

Aim:
This study aims to evaluate the experience and confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists in Benin City, Nigeria.

Methodology:
This questionnaire-based, analytical, and cross-sectional study utilized a self-administered questionnaire containing 15 closed- and open-ended questions to garner data from respondents. Data from 95 respondents were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Studies software version 26.0 (IBM Corporation, Chicago, Illinois, USA.), and both univariate and bivariate analyses were used in this study.

Results:
A substantial proportion of respondents 73 (76.8%) had never managed any case of dental trauma. A relatively higher proportion of respondents were more confident in managing cases of enamel fracture 18 (18.9%), enamel infraction 17 (17.9%), and enamel-dentine fracture 12 (12.6%) as compared to other more complicated fractures.

Conclusion:
The experience and level of confidence in the management of dental trauma among dental students and fresh graduate dentists were found to be poor, and they were more confident in managing less complicated cases of dental trauma.
Lateral pedicle graft for the treatment of isolated tooth recession
Authors: Sharma Shikha 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Gingival recession is defined as the apical migration of the gingival margin from its normal position leading to exposure of the root surface. It not only poses problems in maintaining good oral hygiene but also simultaneously hampers the esthetics. In the present case, the patient came up with a complaint of a denuded root surface due to apical migration of the gingival margin and also a complaint of sensitivity in the same. The case was diagnosed as chronic generalized gingivitis with localized periodontitis in relation to 31. Based on the clinical outcomes, the lateral pedicle graft (LPG) technique was performed. A complete coverage of the exposed root surface was achieved. This case report shows that a simple technique of root coverage like LPG can result in the successful coverage of the denuded root surface.
Phytochemical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Vernonia amygdalina Del. Leaf Extract
Authors: S. I Maryam , . H Abdulsalam , M.M Namadina , A. Y Yunusa , S. A Shehu 
Published: October 2024

Scientific standardization as well as possible therapeutic effects of some herbal preparations, alternatives against antibiotic resistant bacterial infections indicates a strong need for conti- nuous effort to validate the use of plant materials as alternative therapy regimens with similar or higher antibiotic beneficial properties. The study was aimed to at evaluating the phytoche- mical, antioxidant, antibacterial activities of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Phytochemical screeing was achieved using standard qualitative phytochemical screening procedures. Antibacterial studies were carried out using agar well diffusing methods. The antioxidant activities of the methanol extract was determined using of 2, 2-diphenyl-1picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Flavo- noid, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids, triterpenes, carbohydrate and phenols were detec- ted in methanolic extract. The methanolic extract showed higher radical scavenging ability than ascorbic acid at the highest concentration of 1000 μg/mL. The IC50 values of the methanol extract of Vernonia amygdalina leaves against DPPH free radical were 20.625 μg/ml. The mini- mum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract recorded respective values of 15.625 mg/ml and 31.25 mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and 7.8125 mg/ml and 15.625 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of alcohol, phenol, carboxylic acid, aldehyde and ketone functional group. This study has proven the effectiveness and efficacy of Vernonia amygdalina against the tested clinical isolates.
Assessment of Biodiversity, Physicochemical water parameters, Length-weight Relationship and Condition factor of fish species in Tiga Lake, Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: B. Muhammad , B.I Usman , H. Abdul-Azeez , T. C Attah 
Published: October 2024

Timely assessment of fisheries resources provides updated information crucial for the formulation of management strategies that ensures its sustainability. The study investigatedthe physicochemical water parameters, biodiversity, length-weight relationships (LWRs), and condition factors of fish species in Tiga Lake, Kano State, Nigeria, with a focus on seasonal variations. Physicochemical parameters such as temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), and electrical conductivity (EC) of surface water were evaluated during both dry and wet seasons. Fish and water sampling were conducted at Tiga and Rurum sections of the lake utilizing catches from local fishers. Total length and body weight were measured in centimeters and grams respectively to assess Length-Weight Relationships (LWRs) and condition factor of fish species. The assessment of the physicochemical water parameters indicated consistent seasonal trends in DO, pH, EC, and TDS values. Biodiversity indices, estimated using Margalef, Shannon, and Simpson indices, indicated higher values in wet season, suggesting increased abundance and distribution during this period. The fisheries were dominated by Cichlids, comprising 49.1% of the total fish composition. Temporal patterns in fish biodiversity, analyzed through Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) and Analysis of Similarities (ANOSIM), indicated no significant difference ((R=-0.0129, p=0.05) between dry and wet seasons. LWRs analysis revealed significant differences (p≤0.05) among species, indicating variability in size-weight associations. The estimated condition factor indicated temporal variations, with certain species demonstrating higher values during the dry-season. The water quality parameters of Tiga Lake support fish survival, and contributing to the high abundance and diversity.
Retraction Note: Review of a large trauma registry in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Insights into prehospital care and provider training for trauma quality improvement
Authors: Starr Nichole , Zhuang Alex , Minalu Habtamu Tamiru , Alemu Genet Kifle , Fisseha Samuel , Chekol Sisay , Kassa Aklile Habtemariam , Hadis Makida , Alemtsehay Biruh , Mengiste Minale , Kenefi Ashenafi 
Published: October 2024

The authors requested the retraction of this article following its peer review and publication due to errors in communication. The editorial team reviewed and approved the retraction request on 23 May 2024. The retracted article was initially published online on 29 April 2024 as an article in press and assigned to Volume 28, Issue 2, with 10.4314/ecajs.v28i2.1 as its digital object identifier.
Sum of defects (SOD) chart for joint monitoring of the two parameters of a zero-inflated Poisson process
Authors: Pal Surajit , Gauri Susanta Kumar , Muniyan Subhradeep 
Published: October 2024

Rapid technological advancements and automation in today's world have led to many high quality manufacturing processes, where most of the products are free from defects. The defects data from high quality processes are commonly modeled by twoparameter zero- inflated Poisson (ZIP) distribution. Most of the existing control charting procedures for ZIP processes are developed assuming that all the manufactured units are inspected one by one, and most often separate control charts are proposed for monitoring the two parameters of a ZIP process. However, joint monitoring of the two parameters in a single chart can offer significant operational advantages because one needs to focus on a sole chart and a single charting statistic. Again, in many manufacturing set ups 100% inspection may not always be feasible. Recently, a few one-chart schemes with group inspection of small samples are reported in literature, and all these schemes require estimation of the two parameters based on accumulated samples till the current sampling stage for computation of the monitoring statistics. This accumulation of samples introduces several limitations in these schemes. In this paper, probability mass function and the cumulative distribution function (cdf) of the sum of defects (SOD) in a sample of size are defined, and a control chart for SOD is proposed. Both the parameters of a ZIP process can be jointly monitored using the SOD chart. Again, since no accumulation of the samples is required for application of the SOD chart, it is free from all limitations of the existing one-chart schemes with group inspection. Two case studies based on past data are presented. The performance of the SOD chart is found to be very encouraging.
Performance of an ideal reheat–regenerative Rankine cycle power plant utilizing solid waste incineration
Authors: Manyele Samwel Victor 
Published: October 2024

The performance of a100-MW reheat regenerative Rankine cycle steam power plant utilizing incinerator flue gas is reported in this paper.A computer model was created using mass and energy balances. The plant was simulated at three boiler pressures (15, 10 and 5 MPa). High- and low-pressure turbine stages were studied. Before reheating, steam was bled after high-pressure turbine and along the low-pressure stage for regeneration. Superheating the steam up to 1200oC increased thermal efficiency (based on heat input and turbine work, Eth and nth) from 35 to 67% and 55 to 77%, respectively, and the total workdone from 1000 to 3,500 kJ/kg. Superheating reduced steam and fuel requirements from. Reheating the steam increased the boiler heat load and the total work done by the turbine, while the contribution of low-pressure turbine was increased from 50 to 83%, and increased Eth and nth from 35 to 55%. Increasing the regeneration intensity (y and z from 8 to 28% and 12 to 15%, respectively) increased the boiler heat duty, lowered and increased the condenser duty, was but increased and lowered total work done, respectively. Similarly, regeneration increased Eth and nth from 25 to 57% and 35 to 52.5%, respectively. Lower boiler pressure led to lower steam mass flow rate for the same power generation capacity, high heat requirements from the boiler, high total work done on the turbine, but lower contribution of low-pressure turbine to the total work done (50 to 72% compared to 65 to 83% at 15 MPa).
Effect of vapor-bleeding and its configurations on multiple-effect sugarcane juice evaporator performance
Authors: Kitalekwa Fredrick , Maronga Savinus , Manyele Samwel 
Published: October 2024

Improving process performance is always important in any processing industry with the aim of reducing operation costs and improving the profit.Vapor bleeding may be used in processing industries using multiple-effect evaporatorsto reduces steam consumption and increases steam economyThe effect of vapor bleeding on separation performance using multiple-effect sugarcane juice evaporator was analyzed. The effect of increasing percent of vapor bled and determination of the most effective bleeding configuration in terms of energy efficiency and operating costs. The performance factors assessed were: steam requirement, total heat transfer area (At), steam economy, total utilized heat (Qt), mass flow rate of bottoms (Bi), percent solids in the bottoms (XBi), and mass flow rate of vapors. To carry out this work, a five-effect evaporator, forward feed computer model was developed based on mass and energy balance equations, calibrated by data from steam tables. Simulations incorporating different configurations of vapor bleeding were carried out. Bleeding from each of the first four effects, Ei , and from a combination of effects (E1&E3, E2&E4) were carried out. The E1&E3 configuration showed a highest decrease in steam consumption by 23.73% and improved steam economy by 31.28%. Also, vapor bleeding reduced At and XBi while increasingBi. This work suggests that to improve energy efficiency during separation of mixtures using evaporators, vapor bleeding should be practiced while maintaining a balance between vapors used to preheat the feed and that used for heating the subsequent effects.
Comparative Radiographic Mapping of the Skeletal System of Male and Female Savannah Monitor Lizard (<i>Veranus Exanthematicus</i>)
Authors: Lawal Maruf , Agboola Abdulwahid Abdulrafiu , Bappah Nuhu Muazu , Abodunrin Abdulwaheed Adegoke , Abdurrahman Mohammed , Bada Abdulaziz Abdullahi , Aliyu Abdullahi , Mustapha Rashidah Abimbola , Chom Nuhu Dong , Muhammad Saidu Tanko , Obalowu Abdulrauf Mohammed , Ahembe Richard Terna , Hambali Abdulhakeem bin 
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study is to establish the radiographic mapping of the skeletal system of the male and female Savannah Monitor lizards since there is a dearth of information on them. Radiographs of various parts of the skeletal system of a male and female monitor lizards were taken and their measured anatomic parts were compared. The Lizards were hand-captured and anesthetized with atropine sulfate (0.02 mg/kg), chlorpromazine (10mg/kg), and ketamine (15 mg/kg) for restaint and positioning for x-ray exposures. Using a portable X- ray machine, radiographs were obtained with the following exposure settings: for the body, KVP = 75, MA = 50, and mAs = 10; for the tail, KVP = 70, MA = 50, and mAs = 10. With the lizards on sternal recumbency, the radiographs of head to caudal abdomen including the limbs and tail were obtained. The number of vertebral bones, snout-totail length, vertebral length, horizontal and vertical rib lengths, and appendage lengths were obtained and images analyzed. The male lizard weighed 1.4 kg with a body length of 102 cm, while the female weighed 1.7 kg and had a body length of 105 cm. Comparison of the skeletal measurements revealed that both lizards had similar dimensions in terms of snout-to-tail length and the number of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. However, the female had more coccygeal vertebrae (45) compared to the male (43). Additionally, the female had longer horizontal ribs (6 cm vs. 4 cm) and vertical ribs (3 cm vs. 2 cm) compared to the male. In conclusion, the female monitor lizard exhibited greater body length, body weight, and rib dimensions, likely due to being older than the male as there is very little difference in rate of growth of both sexes when young.
The utilization of family planning among women of reproductive age attending a teaching hospital, Oyo State, Nigeria
Authors: Olajide Adetunmise Oluseyi , Isiaka Modupe Sidikat , Adeniran Ganiyat O. , Omolara Fafowora Rosemary 
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: The utilization of family planning services among women of reproductive age is essential and underscores the need for comprehensive health education and accessible family planning services. This study assessed sociodemographic factors influencing the utilization of family planning among women attending a teaching hospital in Oyo State, Nigeria.
METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive design was used, and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select 326 respondents. The data collection instrument was a pretested questionnaire with a reliability index of 0.79. Data analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to test for association between variables.
RESULTS: In this study, 45.7% of respondents used family planning, while 54.3% of respondents did not utilize family planning. There were significant differences between the family planning use group and the non-use group in marital status (P=0.03), women’s occupation (P<0.001), husband’s occupation (P=0.01), parity (P<0.001), age (P<0.001), women’s level of education (P=0.03), husband’s level of education (P=0.03), and husband’s monthly average income (P<0.001). However, there were no significant differences in religion (P=0.73), ethnicity (P=0.10), monthly average income (P=0.39), and type of marital status (P=0.16) of respondents between the family planning use group and the non-use group.
CONCLUSION: It is therefore recommended that women should be educated on the need to make use of modern family planning, and they should be empowered.
Tokophobia experience and willingness to seek professional care among antenatal women in an urban metropolis of Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Esan Deborah Tolulope , Olabisi Oluwatoyosi Elizabeth , Sokan-Adeaga Adewale Allen , Muhammad Fatimah , Olajide Adetumise Oluseyi , Osagie Folasade , Adedeji Peter , Oyama Blessed Obem , Olabisi Oluwaseyi Isaiah 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Tokophobia affects many women before and during pregnancy and after childbirth, and it is accompanied by drastic birth outcomes. This study assessed the experience of tokophobia in expectant mothers and their propensity to seek medical attention from a professional.
METHODS: The study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional design. Antenatal mothers were selected using a simple random sampling technique through the antenatal clinic register. An adapted pretested semi-structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from participants. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, and results were presented using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS: The age range of the respondents was 15–36 years old, with a mean age of 27.4±1.8 years. Most respondents were multiparous women, with a greater proportion in their third trimester (48.6%) and second trimester (48.2%). From the overall analysis of pregnant women's experiences with tokophobia, 11.5% of them have an intense fear of childbirth, 48.5% have a moderate fear, 30.4% have a significant amount of fear, and just 9.6% have none. Regarding seeking professional care, above a quarter (38.2%) would also like to seek professional care for their tokophobia, while 30.5% were unsure of whether to seek professional care/assistance. Moreover, no statistically significant association was found between gestational age, parity status, previous mode of delivery, and tokophobia prevalence among the respondents.
CONCLUSION: Tokophobia was prevalent among antenatal women in this study, and over a quarter of them would like to seek professional care for their tokophobia. Prenatal education should include childbirth-related fears and strategies to overcome them.
Concentrations of Rare Earth and Valuable Elements in Mkuju Uranium Cores for Recovery
Authors: Ndalusanye Joshua , Mazunga Mohamed 
Published: October 2024

Rare earth elements and valuable elements within Mkuju uranium core samples were analysed using EDXRF. Mean elemental concentrations for selected elements including Al, P, K, Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Y, Mo, Ag, Ba, La, Ce, and U were determined as 96445.79 μg/g, 547.19 μg/g, 25296.88 μg/g, 5926.33 μg/g, 116.26 μg/g, 455.02 μg/g, 60.1 μg/g, 142.34 μg/g, 15.8 μg/g, 493.98 μg/g, 67.53 μg/g, 118.68 μg/g, and 128.37 μg/g respectively. The Rare Earth elements: Y, La and Ce and valuable elements: Mo, Ag and U have enrichment factor of EF >1.5 which indicates that, these elements were formed from rocks through geological processes and can be mined at a profit. The valuable elements AL, P, K, Ti, V, Mn, Fe and Ba have enrichment factor of EF ≤ 1.5 which indicates that, these elements were formed from natural weathering processes. It is concluded that, despite the low concentration of the Rare Earth and valuable elements, the possibility of recovering both valuable and Rare Earth elements in Mkuju deposit is significant.
Keywords: Rare Earth; Valuable Elements; Mkuju; EDXRF
Effect of Alkali Treatment on the Chemical Composition and Dyeability of Sisal Fibers
Authors: Kindole Cosmas F , Bigambo Pendo N 
Published: October 2024

Recently, natural fibers have gained significant attention from many researchers due to the global demand for natural products with low environmental impacts. Sisal (Agave Sisalana), is among the important natural fibers with substantial potential to flourish due to their outstanding properties, including high strength, good absorbency, and abundant availability. However, utilization of these fibers is yet to be fully explored, probably due to their stiff and coarse nature, which limits the overall applications of this sustainable fiber. This study, therefore, investigated the effect of alkali treatment on the chemical composition and dyeability of sisal fibers as a way of adding value to the fiber and potentially broadening their applications. The findings of this study have shown that alkali treatment decreased significantly the amount of hemicellulose and lignin from 10.6% and 10.7% to 4.9% and 6.4%, respectively. However, the cellulose content slightly increased from 64.6% to 64.7%. The decrease in amounts of hemicellulose and lignin was thought to be due to their high sensitivity to the action of alkali. Furthermore, the chemical treatment improved the dyeability of sisal fibers when both reactive and vat dyes were used, resulting in fibers with higher levels of dye exhaustion and improved wash fastness properties. Overall, the results suggest that alkali treatment not only modified the surface structure of sisal fibers but also improved their dyeability with both reactive and vat dyes. This will contribute to expanding the practical applications of sisal fibers, making them more viable for use in sustainable textile production in future
Keywords: Sisal fibers, Alkali treatment, Reactive dyes, Vat dyes, Colorfastness
Multi-criteria Analysis of Municipal Solid Wastes Treatment Scenarios: The Case of Arusha City, Tanzania
Authors: Richard Edwin N. 
Published: October 2024

Selection of the most effective municipal solid waste (MSW) treatment option is crucial for sustainable MSW management, but it remains a challenge in most cities of developing countries. More often, the decision-makers make the selection of the treatment options without economic (ECs), and environmental (ENCs) cost evaluations. Consequently, the selected technologies fail to suit the local conditions of the concerned areas and they become a high burden activity to manage. Therefore, this study aimed to use the multi-criteria analysis approach based on the ELECTRE method to analyse the most effective MSW treatment option in terms of ECs and ENCs costs in Arusha City Tanzania. A study involved the design of 54 treatment scenarios and identified six initial acceptable scenarios for ELECTRE analysis. The ELECTRE analysis results indicated that the scenario which suggests the use of composting options for organic wastes, recycling options for glass, metals, paper and plastic wastes and the use of a landfill for other wastes emerged as the dominant scenario. This scenario had the daily ECs of US$11,178 while avoiding about 124 tons of CO2 emissions daily. A sensitivity analysis results with different criteria weights also indicated the selected scenario outranked other alternatives. The findings from this study can be applied by the decision-makers to improve MSW management in study areas and cities with similar MSW conditions.
Keywords: Municipal solid wastes; Multi-criteria; ELECTRE; Treatment option; Arusha