Abstract 2434: DNA methylation characterization of fusion-positive and fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma primary tumors and cell lines
Authors: Sun Wenyue , Chatterjee Bishwanath , Shern John F. , Wang Yonghong , Stevenson Holly S. , Edelman Daniel C. , Meltzer Paul S. , Khan Javed , Barr Frederic G. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma of childhood and comprises two major subtypes: fusion-positive (FP, most commonly PAX3-FOXO1 or PAX7-FOXO1) and fusion-negative (FN). Our previous study demonstrated that FP and FN RMS tumors exhibit distinct DNA methylation profiles. The current study will explore these issues in a larger, separate cohort of RMS tumors and compare DNA methylation in RMS cell lines and primary tumors.
METHODS: DNA methylation was examined in 48 RMS tumors (21 FP and 27 FN) as well as 10 RMS cell lines (5 FP and 5 FN) on the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip platform.
RESULTS: Unsupervised clustering analysis using the most variable probes (top 1%) in the 48 RMS tumors revealed that patterns of DNA methylation segregated these tumors into two distinct subgroups; one subgroup contains all 21 FP cases along with 2 FN cases and a second subgroup contains 25 of the 27 FN cases. A principal component analysis confirmed this close association of methylation pattern and fusion status, and showed that the two “discordant” FN cases map in a region between the FP and FN clusters. The FP tumors showed substantially lower overall levels of methylation compared to FN tumors. Application of an 11-gene methylation signature developed in our earlier study classified these 48 cases into FP and FN categories with &gt;95% accuracy. In contrast to our previous findings, there was a significant difference in the distribution of PAX3-FOXO1 binding sites between genes with and without differential methylation. Though unsupervised clustering analysis indicated that FP tumors and cell lines cluster as do the FN tumors and cell lines, a principal component analysis clarified these relationships by showing that the two groups of cell lines are located at a considerable distance from the two tumor subtypes. Analysis of the most varied probes in the tumors indicated that the vast majority of these probes are hypermethylated in all RMS cell lines. In a complementary analysis with the most variable probes (top 1%) in the cell lines, most of these probes are hypomethylated in all RMS tumors, though two smaller groups of probes show differential methylation between both groups of FP and FN samples.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides an independent validation that FP and FN RMS tumors possess distinct and characteristic methylation profiles. The enrichment of PAX3-FOXO1 binding sites in genes that are differentially methylated between these FP and FN tumors suggests that the PAX3-FOXO1 fusion protein may contribute to this methylation pattern. These analyses also indicate that RMS cell lines do not faithfully recapitulate the DNA methylation patterns that characterize primary tumors.
Citation Format: Wenyue Sun, Bishwanath Chatterjee, John F. Shern, Yonghong Wang, Holly S. Stevenson, Daniel C. Edelman, Paul S. Meltzer, Javed Khan, Frederic G. Barr. DNA methylation characterization of fusion-positive and fusion-negative rhabdomyosarcoma primary tumors and cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2434.