bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel method for monitoring troponin T fragment from rabbit skeletal muscle during aging using quartz crystal microbalance
Authors: Iwasaki Tomohito , Taniguchi Hironobu , Hasegawa Yasuhiro , Maeda Naoyuki , Yamamoto Katsuhiro 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBACKGROUNDTroponin T (TnT) is degraded during aging of meat. The proteolytic fragment of TnT, especially the 30 kDa fragment, is used as one of indices for estimating aging of meat. We have tried to use quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), which is widely used to analyze interaction among macromolecules, to detect proteolytic fragments of TnT during aging of meat.RESULTThe frequency of the QCM sensor with immobilized anti‐TnT antibody in high‐salt solution extracts of both myofibrils and whole meat decreased with time of aging. The staining intensity of the bands, including a 30 kDa fragment bound to anti‐TnT antibody, also increased with time of aging in western blotting. These results confirm that TnT is degraded during aging and released from thin filaments, and QCM analysis is sufficiently sensitive to detect the TnT fragments.CONCLUSIONThe QCM analysis of muscle and myofibrillar extracts using anti‐TnT antibody‐immobilized sensor can be used as a convenient tool for monitoring the extent of aging of meat. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
Occurrence, prevention and remediation of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in silage: a review
Authors: Wambacq Eva , Vanhoutte Ilse , Audenaert Kris , De Gelder Leen , Haesaert Geert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRuminants are considered to be less sensitive towards mycotoxins than monogastric animals because rumen microbiota have mycotoxin‐detoxifying capacities. Therefore the effect of mycotoxins towards ruminants has been studied to a lesser extent compared with monogastric animals. Worldwide, a high proportion of the ruminant diet consists of silages made of forage crops (i.e. all parts of the crop above the stubble are harvested). In practice, silages are often contaminated with multiple mycotoxins. Exposure to a cocktail of mycotoxins can hamper animal production and have severe health consequences. In this article the different aspects associated with mycotoxin contamination of silage are reviewed ‘from seed to feed’. An overview is given on the occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and their concomitant mycotoxins in forage crops before and after ensiling. The mycotoxin load of visually non‐mouldy samples and mouldy hot spots within the same silo is also compared. Subsequently, this review delves into different problem‐solving strategies. A logical first step is prevention of mould growth and mycotoxin production in the field, during harvest and during ensiling. If prevention should fail, several remediation strategies are available. These are listed, mainly focusing on the possibilities of microbial degradation of mycotoxinsin vivoin silage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
On the Lubrication Mechanism of Surfaces Covered with Surface‐Attached Hydrogels
Authors: Li Ke , Pandiyarajan Chinnayan Kanna , Prucker Oswald , Rühe* Jürgen 
Published: December 2015

The compressive and tribological behavior of chemically crosslinked, surface‐attached hydrogel layers has been investigated by indentation and friction tests using an atomic force microscope provided with a colloidal probe, where the probe is covered with a chemically identical hydrogel layer. The hydrogel layers are composed of a polydimethyl acrylamide copoly­mer containing methacryloyl benzophenone units which is photochemically crosslinked and bound to substrates carrying self‐assembled monolayers of a benzophenone group containing silane. The compression and friction behavior of the thus generated surface‐attached hydrogel samples, which due to the surface attachment can only swell in one dimension, are studied as a function of film thickness and crosslink density. It is found that the pressure‐induced deswelling in the contact region dominates the friction between two surfaces coated with surface‐attached hydrogels and that the rate of loading and the film thickness determine the tribological properties, especially when the layer thicknesses are lower than 1 μm.
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Fish oil regulates blood fatty acid composition and oxylipin levels in healthy humans: A comparison of young and older men
Authors: Zulyniak Michael A. , Roke Kaitlin , Gerling Christopher , Logan Samantha L. , Spriet Lawrence L. , Mutch David M. 
Published: December 2015

ScopeIncreased consumption of fish oils rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is associated with improved cardiometabolic health and inflammatory status; however, age‐related responses remain poorly described.Methods and resultsIn a placebo‐controlled study, healthy young and older men consumed five fish oil capsules daily, providing 2.0 g/d EPA and 1.0g/d DHA, for three months. Both young and older men experienced a ∼30% reduction in blood triglycerides with fish oil supplementation. A significant group × time interaction was observed for DHA, with young men experiencing a ∼twofold increase in DHA in serum and RBCs, while older men showed negligible increases. Other fatty acids were differentially regulated between young and older men, most notably osbond acid and several saturates. Small changes were observed in serum oxylipins, with both groups of men responding similarly: 5‐HETE was reduced, while PGF2α and 17‐HDoHE were increased. Changes in oxylipins occurred independent of changes in whole blood expression of key genes regulating oxylipin production.ConclusionOur study suggests that both young and older men experience the triglyceride‐lowering benefits associated with fish oil supplements, but show differential responses in blood fatty acids. Additionally, fish oil promotes an improved oxylipin profile in both groups of men.
Topography Profiling
Authors: Frey Katharina , Hage Holger , Gerlach Mario , Brunner Robert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA confocal microscope, including sample handling, was used and adapted to measure the topography of fragile ophthalmological components, such as soft contact lenses and intra‐ocular lenses, in their physiological wet condition. Local micro‐structures, such as diffractive profiles, were investigated, and the enveloping global macro‐to‐pography was determined with high accuracy.
Geometrical Optics Reloaded
Authors: Wyrowski Frank , Hellmann Christian 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRay optics has constituted the fundament of optical modeling and design for more than 2000 years. In recent decades, the introduction of ray tracing software has brought a powerful optical design technology to everybody dealing with optics and photonics. However, with the development and availability of advanced light sources, the capability to produce micro and nano structures, and a boost in the variety of applications and related demands on optical functions, the limitations of ray optics become obvious more often. Optical modeling based on physical optics is required and is the logical next step in the development of optical design. This requires a generalization of ray tracing and its connection with diffractive modeling techniques.
Improved de novo structure prediction in CASP11 by incorporating coevolution information into Rosetta
Authors: Ovchinnikov Sergey , Kim David E. , Wang Ray Yu‐Ruei , Liu Yuan , DiMaio Frank , Baker David 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTWe describe CASP11 de novo blind structure predictions made using the Rosetta structure prediction methodology with both automatic and human assisted protocols. Model accuracy was generally improved using coevolution derived residue–residue contact information as restraints during Rosetta conformational sampling and refinement, particularly when the number of sequences in the family was more than three times the length of the protein. The highlight was the human assisted prediction of T0806, a large and topologically complex target with no homologs of known structure, which had unprecedented accuracy—<3.0 Å root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) from the crystal structure over 223 residues. For this target, we increased the amount of conformational sampling over our fully automated method by employing an iterative hybridization protocol. Our results clearly demonstrate, in a blind prediction scenario, that coevolution derived contacts can considerably increase the accuracy of template‐free structure modeling. Proteins 2016; 84(Suppl 1):67–75. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Ueber die Natur der Farbzentren in Alkalihalogenid‐Kristallen
Authors: de Boer J. H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDie früher anerkannte Auffassung der Farbzentren als neutrale Alkaliatome, die innerhalb des Gitters an inneren Oberflächen adsorbiert sind, gibt u.a. Schwierigkeiten bei der Erklärung der von Mollwo gefundenen Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen (§1). Schottky hat darauf hingewiesen, dass die “Ionenlöcher” und “assoziierten Löcherpaare”, die zur Erklärung der Ionenleitung und Diffusion in Alkalihalogenidkristalle angenommen werden müssen (§ 2), eine Bedeutung haben können für die Anlagerung von Farbzentren (§4). Die nicht besetzten Elektronenniveaus der Valenzelektronen der Alkaliionen, die sich neben diesen Löchern befinden (Fig. 1), liegen niedriger als das erste leere Band des Gitters (Fig. 2), während die höchsten besetzten Niveaus der Chlorionen, die sich neben den Löchern befinden, höher liegen als das höchste besetzte Band des Gitters (§ 3). Bei Lichtabsorption (in dem langwelligen Ausläufer der Absorptionsbande) oder bei Eindiffusion von Elektronen (und Alkaliionen) bilden sich die Farbzentren als neutrale Alkaliatome, die neben sich ein Halogenionenloch haben (§ 4). Sowohl die Einheitlichkeit und Reproduzierbarkeit der Absorptionsbanden der Farbzentren, wie auch die Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen können mit diesem Bild verstanden werden (§ 5). Fremde Gitterstörungen aller Art können auch Anlagestellen für Farbzentren bilden; die Absorptionsbanden werden dann verbreitert oder verschoben, die Gleichgewichtskonzentrationen überschritten (§ 5).
3:5‐dinitro‐4‐methyl‐benzazide as a reagent for the identification of phenols
Authors: Sah Peter P. T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThirty‐three crystalline urethanes were prepared by the condensation of the new reagent, 3:5‐dinitro‐4‐methyl‐benzazide, in boiling ligroin solution with various phenols. The very high yields of the 3:5‐dinitro‐4‐methylphenyl‐urethanes obtained from the reaction and the excellent properties of these derivatives, indicated that 3:5‐dinitro‐4‐methyl‐benzazide is an excellent micro‐reagent for the identification of phenols.
3,5‐Dinitro‐4‐methylbenzazide as a reagent for the identification of amines
Authors: Sah Peter P. T. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFifty crystalline 3,5‐dinitro‐4‐methylphenyl‐ureas were prepared by the condensation of 3,5‐dinitro‐4‐methylbenzazide with various types of amines in boiling toluene solution. The yields were in general exceedingly high, such that only 20 to 30 mg of the reagent used was sufficient to produce enough condensation product for a melting point determination and an examination of the crystal‐form.
The condensation of olefines and paraffins by means of sulphuric acid
Authors: Waterman H. I. , Leendertse J. J. , Hesselink R. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe interaction of “trimethylethene” and isopentane at 0‐9° C using 98%‐sulphuric acid as a catalyst was studied quantitatively.When a hydrocarbon mixture containing 3 volumes of isopentane to 1 volume of pentene was used as a raw material for the experiment, the yield of products with a molecular weight higher than the molecular weight of the raw materials was very good, and the products were practically completely saturated. From the specific refraction in connection with the molecular weight of the products it could be deduced that cyclic compounds were completely or almost completely absent from the reaction products; therefore the main type of reaction was a condensation of paraffins and olefines. However, even under the mild reaction conditions described, the sulphuric acid has any important destructive action, the reaction product contained some percents of isobutane. The reactions occur very rapidly, and the catalyst could be used for several experiments without decreasing in activity. When a smaller ratio isopentane: isopentene was used, the reaction products were less saturated, and the yields proved to be much smaller.
Functional assessment and structural basis of antibody binding to human papillomavirus capsid
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Li Shaowei , Modis Yorgo , Li Zhihai , Zhang Jun , Xia Ningshao , Zhao Qinjian 
Published: December 2015

SummaryPersistent high‐risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is linked to cervical cancer. Two prophylactic virus‐like particle (VLP)‐based vaccines have been marketed globally for nearly a decade. Here, we review the HPV pseudovirion (PsV)‐based assays for the functional assessment of the HPV neutralizing antibodies and the structural basis for these clinically relevant epitopes. The PsV‐based neutralization assay was developed to evaluate the efficacy of neutralization antibodies in sera elicited by vaccination or natural infection or to assess the functional characteristics of monoclonal antibodies. Different antibody binding modes were observed when an antibody was complexed with virions, PsVs or VLPs. The neutralizing epitopes are localized on surface loops of the L1 capsid protein, at various locations on the capsomere. Different neutralization antibodies exert their neutralizing function via different mechanisms. Some antibodies neutralize the virions by inducing conformational changes in the viral capsid, which can result in concealing the binding site for a cellular receptor like 1A1D‐2 against dengue virus, or inducing premature genome release like E18 against enterovirus 71. Higher‐resolution details on the epitope composition of HPV neutralizing antibodies would shed light on the structural basis of the highly efficacious vaccines and aid the design of next generation vaccines. In‐depth understanding of epitope composition would ensure the development of function‐indicating assays for the comparability exercise to support process improvement or process scale up. Elucidation of the structural elements of the type‐specific epitopes would enable rational design of cross‐type neutralization via epitope re‐engineering or epitope grafting in hybrid VLPs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Finite‐time formation tracking control for multiple vehicles: A motion planning approach
Authors: Liu Yongfang , Zhao Yu , Chen Guanrong 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis paper addresses the finite‐time formation tracking problem for multiple vehicles with dynamics model on SE(3) (the specific Euclidean group of rigid body motions), under the condition that the tracking time is preassigned according to the task requirements. By using Pontryagin's maximum principle on Lie groups, a class of finite‐time optimal tracking control laws are designed for vehicles to track a desired trajectory within a given finite time. Meanwhile, the corresponding cost function is minimized. Furthermore, a tracking‐time lower bound is derived for multi‐vehicle systems with control constraints. Finally, an illustrative example is provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control laws. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid image encryption algorithm using chaos and Conway's game‐of‐life cellular automata
Authors: Murugan Brindha , Nanjappa Gounder Ammasai Gounden , Manohar Sriram 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIn this paper, a new image encryption algorithm employing the combination of chaos and cellular automata is proposed. The proposed algorithm consists of both permutation and diffusion stages. While the permutation process is carried out using logistic map and Conway's game‐of‐life cellular automata, the diffusion process is carried out using Chebyshev map and Lorenz equation. Further, a complex matrix generated from the plain image is used as an additional component in the diffusion process, which enables the encrypted image to exhibit a strong sensitivity to the input image. The proposed algorithm has been tested with various input images, and the performance is compared with other existing algorithms. The performance metrics obtained on the developed algorithm such as high key space, ideal number of pixels change rate and unified average changing intensity values, and very less correlation among the adjacent pixels demonstrate the high effectiveness and security features of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attribution of extreme weather and climate‐related events
Authors: Stott Peter A. , Christidis Nikolaos , Otto Friederike E. L. , Sun Ying , Vanderlinden Jean‐Paul , van Oldenborgh Geert Jan , Vautard Robert , von Storch Hans , Walton Peter , Yiou Pascal , Zwiers Francis W. 
Published: December 2015

Extreme weather and climate‐related events occur in a particular place, by definition, infrequently. It is therefore challenging to detect systematic changes in their occurrence given the relative shortness of observational records. However, there is a clear interest from outside the climate science community in the extent to which recent damaging extreme events can be linked to human‐induced climate change or natural climate variability. Event attribution studies seek to determine to what extent anthropogenic climate change has altered the probability or magnitude of particular events. They have shown clear evidence for human influence having increased the probability of many extremely warm seasonal temperatures and reduced the probability of extremely cold seasonal temperatures in many parts of the world. The evidence for human influence on the probability of extreme precipitation events, droughts, and storms is more mixed. Although the science of event attribution has developed rapidly in recent years, geographical coverage of events remains patchy and based on the interests and capabilities of individual research groups. The development of operational event attribution would allow a more timely and methodical production of attribution assessments than currently obtained on an ad hoc basis. For event attribution assessments to be most useful, remaining scientific uncertainties need to be robustly assessed and the results clearly communicated. This requires the continuing development of methodologies to assess the reliability of event attribution results and further work to understand the potential utility of event attribution for stakeholder groups and decision makers. WIREs Clim Change 2016, 7:23–41. doi: 10.1002/wcc.380This article is categorized under:

Paleoclimates and Current Trends > Detection and Attribution
Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Guidelines for studying developmental prosopagnosia in adults and children
Authors: Dalrymple Kirsten A. , Palermo Romina 
Published: December 2015

Developmental prosopagnosia (DP) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by severe face identity recognition problems that results from a failure to develop the mechanisms necessary for adequate face processing (Duchaine BC, Nakayama K. Developmental prosopagnosia: a window to content‐specific face processing. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2006, 16:166–173.). It occurs in children and adults with normal visual acuity, and without intellectual impairments or known brain injuries. Given the importance of face recognition in daily life, and the detrimental effects of impaired face recognition, DP is an important area of study. Yet conventions for classifying individuals as DP for research purposes are poorly defined. In this focus paper, we discuss: (1) criteria for an operational definition of DP; 2) tests of face recognition and conventions for classifying individuals as DP; and 3) important considerations regarding common associations and dissociations, and cognitive heterogeneity in DP. We also highlight issues unique to studying DP in children, a relatively new endeavor that is proving to be an important complement to the work with adults. Ultimately, we hope to identify challenges researchers face when studying DP, and offer guidelines for others to consider when embarking on their own research pursuits on the topic. WIREs Cogn Sci 2016, 7:73–87. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1374This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
Psychology > Development and Aging
Psychology > Perception and Psychophysics
Hydrometrocolpos: A Lower Mesodermal Defects Sequence
Authors: Bodduluri Vijaya Lakshmi , Srinivasan Lata 
Published: December 2015

AbstractHydrometrocolpos is a rare congenital disorder, which can present prenatally or after birth. It can be isolated or associated with other abnormalities. The abnormalities associated with hydrometrocolpos can be primary or secondary. Primary abnormalities arise from disruption of embryological processes while secondary abnormalities arise from the pressure effects of the distended vagina and uterus on adjacent organs. An analysis of autopsy findings of four cases of hydrometrocolpos at our center has shown a nonrandom association of certain congenital abnormalities. These abnormalities involve structures arising from the infraumbilical intraembryonic mesoderm. A primary developmental failure or secondary disruption of normally formed tissues results in this condition called lower mesodermal defects sequence. Identification of this condition is important in prognostication and counseling parents.
NF‐κB acts as a multifunctional modulator in bone invasion by oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Jimi Eijiro , Kokabu Shoichiro , Matsubara Takuma , Nakatomi Chihiro , Matsuo Kou , Watanabe Seiji 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral cavity and the head and neck region. Gingival squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) frequently invade the maxilla or the mandibular bone and are associated with poor prognosis. Recent findings suggest that osteoclasts, rather than OSCC cells, mediate invasion to the bone. Nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) is constitutively activated in OSCCs and is involved in promoting the invasive characteristics of OSCC. NF‐κB activation is also important for receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced osteoclastogenesis. NF‐κB inhibitors suppress proliferation and stimulate apoptosis of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production in OSCC. Furthermore, NF‐κB inhibitors have been shown to suppress osteoclastogenesis by reducing RANKL expression in animal models. Thus, inhibition of NF‐κB activity may constitute a promising therapeutic approach to treat bone‐invasive OSCC. In this review, we discuss recent findings, which suggest that bone invasion in OSCC is mediated via NF‐κB signaling and may be successfully prevented by NF‐κB inhibition.
Rings Characterized via a Class of Left Exact Preradicals
Authors: Er Noyan 
Published: December 2015

AbstractFor two modules M and N, iM(N) stands for the largest submodule of N relative to which M is injective. For any module M, iM: Mod-R → Mod-R thus defines a left exact preradical, and iM(M) is quasi-injective. Classes of ring including strongly prime, semi-Artinian rings and those with no middle class are characterized using this functor: a ring R is semi-simple or right strongly prime if and only if for any right R-module M, iM(R) = R or 0, extending a result of Rubin; R is a right QI-ring if and only if R has the ascending chain condition (a.c.c.) on essential right ideals and iM is a radical for each M ∈ Mod-R (the a.c.c. is not redundant), extending a partial answer of Dauns and Zhou to a long-standing open problem. Also discussed are rings close to those with no middle class.