bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of natural language processing on cross-institutional portability of influenza case detection for disease surveillance
Authors: Ferraro Jeffrey , Ye Ye , Gesteland Per , Haug Peter , Tsui Fuchiang , Cooper Gregory , Bree Rudy Van , Ginter Thomas , Nowalk Andrew , Wagner Michael 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectives: This study evaluates the accuracy and portability of a natural language processing (NLP) tool for extracting clinical findings of influenza from clinical notes across two large healthcare systems. Effectiveness is evaluated on how well NLP supports downstream influenza case-detection for disease surveillance.Methods: We independently developed two NLP parsers, one at Intermountain Healthcare (IH) in Utah and the other at University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) using local clinical notes from emergency department (ED) encounters of influenza. We measured NLP parser performance for the presence and absence of 70 clinical findings indicative of influenza. We then developed Bayesian network models from NLP processed reports and tested their ability to discriminate among cases of (1) influenza, (2) non-influenza influenza-like illness (NI-ILI), and (3) ‘other’ diagnosis.Results: On Intermountain Healthcare reports, recall and precision of the IH NLP parser were 0.71 and 0.75, respectively, and UPMC NLP parser, 0.67 and 0.79. On University of Pittsburgh Medical Center reports, recall and precision of the UPMC NLP parser were 0.73 and 0.80, respectively, and IH NLP parser, 0.53 and 0.80. Bayesian case-detection performance measured by AUROC for influenza versus non-influenza on Intermountain Healthcare cases was 0.93 (using IH NLP parser) and 0.93 (using UPMC NLP parser). Case-detection on University of Pittsburgh Medical Center cases was 0.95 (using UPMC NLP parser) and 0.83 (using IH NLP parser). For influenza versus NI-ILI on Intermountain Healthcare cases performance was 0.70 (using IH NLP parser) and 0.76 (using UPMC NLP parser). On University of Pisstburgh Medical Center cases, 0.76 (using UPMC NLP parser) and 0.65 (using IH NLP parser).Conclusion: In all but one instance (influenza versus NI-ILI using IH cases), local parsers were more effective at supporting case-detection although performances of non-local parsers were reasonable.Citation: Ferraro JP, Ye Y, Gesteland PH, Haug PJ, Tsui F(R), Cooper GF, Van Bree R, Ginter T, Nowalk AJ, Wagner M. The effects of natural language processing on cross-institutional portability of influenza case detection for disease surveillance. Appl Clin Inform 2017; 8: 560–580 https://doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2016-12-RA-0211
Surface ozone in the Southern Hemisphere: 20 years of data from a site with a unique setting in El Tololo, Chile
Authors: Anet Julien G. , Steinbacher Martin , Gallardo Laura , Velásquez Álvarez Patricio A. , Emmenegger Lukas , Buchmann Brigitte 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The knowledge of surface ozone mole fractions and their global distribution is of utmost importance due to the impact of ozone on human health and ecosystems and the central role of ozone in controlling the oxidation capacity of the troposphere. The availability of long-term ozone records is far better in the Northern than in the Southern Hemisphere, and recent analyses of the seven accessible records in the Southern Hemisphere have shown inconclusive trends. Since late 1995, surface ozone is measured in situ at "El Tololo", a high-altitude (2200 m a.s.l.) and pristine station in Chile (30° S, 71° W). The dataset has been recently fully quality controlled and reprocessed. This study presents the observed ozone trends and annual cycles and identifies key processes driving these patterns. From 1995 to 2010, an overall positive trend of  ∼  0.7 ppb decade−1 is found. Strongest trends per season are observed in March and April. Highest mole fractions are observed in late spring (October) and show a strong correlation with ozone transported from the stratosphere down into the troposphere, as simulated with a model. Over the 20 years of observations, the springtime ozone maximum has shifted to earlier times in the year, which, again, is strongly correlated with a temporal shift in the occurrence of the maximum of simulated stratospheric ozone transport at the site. We conclude that background ozone at El Tololo is mainly driven by stratospheric intrusions rather than photochemical production from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors. The major footprint of the sampled air masses is located over the Pacific Ocean. Therefore, due to the negligible influence of local processes, the ozone record also allows studying the influence of El Niño and La Niña episodes on background ozone levels in South America. In agreement with previous studies, we find that, during La Niña conditions, ozone mole fractions reach higher levels than during El Niño conditions.
Continuous high-resolution midlatitude-belt simulations for July–August 2013 with WRF
Authors: Schwitalla Thomas , Bauer Hans-Stefan , Wulfmeyer Volker , Warrach-Sagi Kirsten 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Increasing computational resources and the demands of impact modelers, stake holders, and society envision seasonal and climate simulations with the convection-permitting resolution. So far such a resolution is only achieved with a limited-area model whose results are impacted by zonal and meridional boundaries. Here, we present the setup of a latitude-belt domain that reduces disturbances originating from the western and eastern boundaries and therefore allows for studying the impact of model resolution and physical parameterization. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled to the NOAH land–surface model was operated during July and August 2013 at two different horizontal resolutions, namely 0.03 (HIRES) and 0.12° (LOWRES). Both simulations were forced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational analysis data at the northern and southern domain boundaries, and the high-resolution Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis (OSTIA) data at the sea surface.The simulations are compared to the operational ECMWF analysis for the representation of large-scale features. To analyze the simulated precipitation, the operational ECMWF forecast, the CPC MORPHing (CMORPH), and the ENSEMBLES gridded observation precipitation data set (E-OBS) were used as references.Analyzing pressure, geopotential height, wind, and temperature fields as well as precipitation revealed (1) a benefit from the higher resolution concerning the reduction of monthly biases, root mean square error, and an improved Pearson skill score, and (2) deficiencies in the physical parameterizations leading to notable biases in distinct regions like the polar Atlantic for the LOWRES simulation, the North Pacific, and Inner Mongolia for both resolutions.In summary, the application of a latitude belt on a convection-permitting resolution shows promising results that are beneficial for future seasonal forecasting.
Calibrated cryo-cell UV-LA-ICPMS elemental concentrations from the NGRIP ice core reveal abrupt, sub-annual variability in dust across the GI-21.2 interstadial period
Authors: Della Lunga Damiano , Müller Wolfgang , Rasmussen Sune Olander , Svensson Anders , Vallelonga Paul 
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Several abrupt shifts from periods of extreme cold (Greenland stadials, GS) to relatively warmer conditions (Greenland interstadials, GI) called Dansgaard–Oeschger events are recorded in the Greenland ice cores. Using cryo-cell UV-laser-ablation inductively coupled-plasma mass spectrometry (UV-LA-ICPMS), we analysed a 2.85 m NGRIP ice core section (2691.50–2688.65 m depth, age interval 84.86–85.09 ka b2k, thus covering  ∼  230 years) across the transitions of GI-21.2, a short-lived interstadial prior to interstadial GI-21.1. GI-21.2 is a  ∼  100-year long period with δ18O values 3–4 ‰ higher than the following  ∼  200 years of stadial conditions (GS-21.2), which precede the major GI-21.1 warming. We report concentrations of major elements indicative of dust and/or sea salt (Na, Fe, Al, Ca, Mg) at a spatial resolution of  ∼  200 µm, while maintaining detection limits in the low-ppb range, thereby achieving sub-annual time resolution even in deep NGRIP ice. We present an improved external calibration and quantification procedure using a set of five ice standards made from aqueous (international) standard solutions. Our results show that element concentrations decrease drastically (more than 10-fold) at the warming onset of GI-21.2 at the scale of a single year, followed by relatively low concentrations characterizing the interstadial part before gradually reaching again typical stadial values.
The Role of George Henry Lewes in George Eliot's Career: A Reconsideration
Authors: Rilett Beverley Park 
Published: May 2017

AbstractRilett's article examines the “protection” and “encouragement” George Henry Lewes provided to Eliot throughout her fiction-writing career. According to biographers, Lewes showed his selfless devotion to Eliot by encouraging her to begin and continue writing fiction; by fostering the mystery of her authorship; by managing her finances; by negotiating her publishing contracts; by managing her schedule; by hosting a salon to promote her books; and by staying close by her side for twenty-four years until death parted them. By reconsidering each element of Lewes's devotion separately, Rilett challenges the prevailing construction of the Eliot–Lewes relationship as the ideal partnership of literary agent and author and the perfect marriage. Rilett's revisionist interpretation seeks to open up Eliot's fiction to productive new biographical readings for a new generation of scholars.
“Literary Intercourse”: Charlotte Brontë, George Henry Lewes, and George Eliot
Authors: Michie Elsie 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
As Scenes of Clerical Life (1857) was first appearing in Blackwood's Magazine, George Eliot endorsed John Blackwood's wish that their “literary intercourse may continue”: “it means that I shall go on writing what will stir men's heart to sympathy as well as that I shall have all the pleasures and advantages involved in the possession of a generous editor” (2: 353). Yet that correspondence involved as much antipathy as sympathy. In the late 1840s Lewes had participated in a similarly mixed interchange with Charlotte Brontë, which she received “in anger” and “agreement and harmony” (Gaskell, Life 276). The case study of Lewes, Brontë, and Eliot allows us to see how a lengthy literary intercourse that involved letters, biographies, and reviews, novels responding to other novels, and mixed negative and positive critical responses enabled multiple participants to reshape the form of fiction in the middle of the nineteenth century.
“Nothing That She Could Allege Against Him in Judicious or Judicial Ears”: “Consensual” Marital Abuse in Victorian Literature
Authors: Nelson Heather 
Published: May 2017

AbstractI expand scholarship by Lawson and Shakinovsky, Rintoul, Surridge, and Tromp on marital abuse in nineteenth-century British fiction. Due to Blackstone's theory of coverture, wives allegedly consented on their wedding days to future abuse. Further, Bacon legalized physical and emotional marital abuse, and Hale established the marital rape exemption. The public, including nonfiction writers, erroneously asserted that marital abuse existed almost entirely in the lower classes, but fiction writers countered that myth by showing “consensual” abuse in middle- and upper-class marriages. With middle-class physical and emotional marital abuse in “Janet's Repentance” and upper-class sexual marital abuse in Daniel Deronda, Eliot shows all marital abuse as nonconsensual and enabled more overt condemnations of upper-class sexual marital abuse from Egerton's “Virgin Soil” and Galsworthy's The Man of Property and In Chancery.
Development of Ceramics Creative Process with Community-based Learning and Constructionism for Undergraduate Students
Authors: Cherdjerm Saipen , Soodsang Nirat 
Published: May 2017

The purposes of this research were 1) to develop a ceramics creative process with community-based learning (CBL) and constructionism for undergraduate students; 2) to evaluate students’ ceramic work with CBL and constructionism, and 3) to examine the community’s and students’ satisfactions towards CBL and constructionism. The research sample was selected by purposive sampling method to obtain 40 undergraduate students of Uttaradit Rajabhat University who enrolled in the Course: Local Ceramics, semester 1/2016, and 6 community instructors. Data analysis was presented by mean and standard deviation. The findings suggested that the ceramics creative process with CBL and constructionism for undergraduate students involved 5 steps, namely: 1) community survey/selection and exploring community data; 2) preparation; 3) hands-on practice to create ceramic works; 4) presentation of ceramic works; and 5) evaluation. The experimental result of the ceramics creative process with CBL and constructionism being constructed by the author revealed that the students’ knowledge and understanding of ceramics creative process displayed overall mean at a very high level ( = 3.70, S.D. = 0.26; = 3.72, S.D. = 0.16, respectively). The satisfaction towards CBL and constructionism were at a highest level in overall for the community and a high level in overall for students (= 4.67, S.D. = 0.27; = 3.85, S.D. = 0.34, respectively).
KENIZÉ MOURAD AND EARLY MIDDLE EASTERN FEMINISM
Authors: Armianu Irina 
Published: May 2017

This article explores the waning days of the Ottoman Empire and emergence of the modern state system in the early twentieth century Levant from the purview of Kenizé Mourad's self-narrative Regards from the Dead Princess: Novel of a Life. A work of history and literary fiction, Mourad's novel is an account of the last remnants of a secular Levantine culture, the story of a crumbling empire, and the personal tale of a young woman and her exiled imperial family strewn about the continents, torn between Lebanon, Europe, and the Indian subcontinent.
Divination, pratiques de guérison et traditions islamiques parmi des femmes d’origine ouest-africaine à Montréal
Authors: Traoré Diahara 
Published: May 2017

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique, cet article examine des pratiques de divination et de guérison parmi des immigrantes musulmanes d’origine ouest-africaine à Montréal, montrant ainsi la dynamique dialogique entre ces pratiques et la construction du religieux en contexte migratoire. En utilisant un cadre conceptuel inspiré de la théorie de Talal Asad sur l’anthropologie de l’islam, l’article présente une description de pratiques divinatoires observées entre 2008 et 2010, ainsi que le rapport que les femmes qui y participent entretiennent avec celles-ci. En particulier, l’auteure décrit des séances de divination par les cauris, ainsi que les rituels et pratiques de protection qui en découlent parmi les femmes participantes. L’auteure présente également des pratiques de guérison telles que décrites lors d’entretiens avec 24 femmes ouest-africaines provenant du Niger, du Mali, de la Guinée et du Sénégal. Dans le contexte d’une pluralité religieuse croissante dans la région de Montréal, cette étude démontre que, même à l’intérieur d’une tradition religieuse établie (l’islam), diverses traditions sont négociées et (re)construites en contexte migratoire.
Le récit enfantin : nouvel adage des temps modernes ?
Authors: Caron Vincent 
Published: May 2017

Présence insoupçonnée par plusieurs, le récit enfantin dans la jurisprudence laisse présager, lorsqu’on en fait la recension, que ce type de récit est fort apprécié des magistrats et pour cause : il poursuit les mêmes objectifs que l’adage juridique. Outre qu’il enrichit le discours, le récit, à l’instar de l’adage, remue, oriente, dynamise et inspire la réflexion juridique. En tant que leçons essentielles et intemporelles, l’adage et le récit partagent plusieurs points en commun sur le plan du fond (fonctions réflexive, argumentative, esthétique, etc.) et sur le plan de la forme (origine lointaine, parfois incertaine et esthétisme de la formule). S’ils partagent des fins communes, le récit s’avère d’utilisation plus polyvalente, notamment en raison de sa structure narrative, de la qualification des faits, de l’appréciation de la crédibilité, de la vulgarisation du savoir juridique. Enfin, le récit est un précieux outil rhétorique que le plaideur a avantage à maîtriser et, avant tout, à connaître. La formation du juriste devrait-elle inclure une relecture du récit enfantin ?
Selection of housekeeping genes as internal controls for quantitative RT-PCR analysis of the veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa)
Authors: Song Hao , Dang Xin , He Yuan-qiu , Zhang Tao , Wang Hai-yan 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundThe veined rapa whelkRapana venosais an important commercial shellfish in China and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) has become the standard method to study gene expression inR. venosa. For accurate and reliable gene expression results, qRT-PCR assays require housekeeping genes as internal controls, which display highly uniform expression in different tissues or stages of development. However, to date no studies have validated housekeeping genes inR. venosafor use as internal controls for qRT-PCR.MethodsIn this study, we selected the following 13 candidate genes for suitability as internal controls: elongation factor-1α(EF-1α),α-actin (ACT), cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COX1), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1αsubcomplex subunit 7 (NDUFA7), 60S ribosomal protein L5 (RL5), 60S ribosomal protein L28 (RL28), glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),β-tubulin (TUBB), 40S ribosomal protein S25 (RS25), 40S ribosomal protein S8 (RS8), ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2 (UBE2), histone H3 (HH3), and peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A (PPIA). We measured the expression levels of these 13 candidate internal controls in eight different tissues and twelve larvae developmental stages by qRT-PCR. Further analysis of the expression stability of the tested genes was performed using GeNorm and RefFinder algorithms.ResultsOf the 13 candidate genes tested, we found thatEF-1αwas the most stable internal control gene in almost all adult tissue samples investigated withRL5andRL28as secondary choices. For the normalization of a single specific tissue, we suggested thatEF-1αandNDUFA7are the best combination in gonad, as well asCOX1andRL28for intestine,EF-1αandRL5for kidney,EF-1αandCOX1for gill,EF-1αandRL28for Leiblein and mantle,EF-1α,RL5, andNDUFA7for liver, GAPDH,PPIA, andRL28for hemocyte. From a developmental perspective, we found thatRL28was the most stable gene in all developmental stages measured, andCOX1andRL5were appropriate secondary choices. For the specific developmental stage, we recommended the following combination for normalization,PPIA,RS25, andRL28for stage 1,RL5andRL28for stage 2 and 5,RL28andNDUFA7for stage 3, andPPIAandTUBBfor stage 4.DiscussionOur results are instrumental for the selection of appropriately validated housekeeping genes for use as internal controls for gene expression studies in adult tissues or larval development ofR. venosain the future.
Torrential rainfall processes associated with a landfall of Typhoon Fitow (2013): A three‐dimensional WRF modeling study
Authors: Xu Huiyan , Li Xiaofan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) with triply nested grid and the finest grid size of 3 km is utilized to simulate Typhoon Fitow (2013). The simulation is verified with available observations. The model well captures the track, eyewall, and rainband structures and also reproduces radar reflectivity and vertical profiles of temperature, water vapor mixing ratio, and winds. Area mean budget shows that water vapor convergence leads to condensation, which produces rainfall through accretion of cloud water by rain and melting of graupel. Over convective regions, water vapor convergence generates condensation, which feeds convective rainfall and supports transport of raindrops to stratiform regions through accretion of cloud water by rain. Over stratiform regions, melting of graupel and the transport of raindrops from convective regions are major sources for stratiform rainfall. The results are further strengthened by the analysis of the data in a storm‐following coordinate using different convective‐stratiform rainfall separation schemes.
Planetary period modulations of Saturn's magnetotail current sheet during northern spring: Observations and modeling
Authors: Cowley S. W. H. , Provan G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe study Cassini magnetic field observations at Saturn on a sequence of passes through the near‐equatorial magnetotail during 2015, focusing on dual modulation of the plasma/current sheet associated with northern and southern planetary period oscillations (PPOs). Previous study of inner magnetosphere PPOs during this northern spring interval showed that the southern system amplitude was generally half that of the northern during the first part of the year to late August, after which the southern amplitude weakened to less than one‐fifth that of the northern. We examine four sequential tail passes in the earlier interval, during which prominent PPO‐related tail field modulations were observed, with relative (beat) phases of the two PPO systems being near in phase, antiphase, and two opposite near‐quadrature conditions. We find that the radial field displayed opposite “sawtooth” asymmetry modulations under opposite near‐quadrature conditions, related to previous findings under equinoctial conditions with near‐equal northern and southern PPO amplitudes, while modulations were near symmetric for in‐phase and antiphase conditions, but with larger radial field modulations for in‐phase and larger colatitudinal field modulations for antiphase. A simple physical mathematical model of dual modulation is developed, which provides reasonable correspondence with these data using one set of current sheet parameters while varying only the relative PPO phases, thus demonstrating that dual modulation can be discerned and modeled even when the northern and southern amplitudes differ by a factor of ~ 2. No such effects were consistently discerned during the later interval when the amplitude ratio was >5.
Global simulation study for the time sequence of events leading to the substorm onset
Authors: Tanaka T. , Ebihara Y. , Watanabe M. , Den M. , Fujita S. , Kikuchi T. , Hashimoto K. K. , Kataoka R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe have developed a global simulation code which gives numerical solutions having an extremely high resolution. The substorm solution obtained from this simulation code reproduces the precise features of the substorm onset in the ionosphere. It can reproduce the onset that starts from the equatorward side of the quiet arc, two step development of the onset, and the westward traveling surge (WTS) that starts 2 min after the initial brightening. Then, we investigated the counter structures in the magnetosphere that correspond to each event in the ionosphere. The structure in the magnetosphere promoting the onset is the near‐Earth dynamo in the inner magnetospheric region away from the equatorial plane. The near‐Earth dynamo is driven by the field‐aligned pressure increase due to the parallel flow associated with the squeezing, combined with equatorward field‐perpendicular flow induced by the near‐Earth neutral line (NENL). The dipolarization front is launched from the NENL associated with the convection transient from the growth phase to the expansion phase, but neither the launch nor the arrival of the dipolarization front coincides with the onset timing. The arrival of flow to the equatorial plane of the inner magnetosphere occurs 2 min after the onset, when the WTS starts to develop toward the west. The expansion phase is further developed by this flow. Looking at the present result that the onset sequence induced by the near‐Earth dynamo reproduces the details of observation quite well, we cannot avoid to conclude that the current wedge is a misleading concept.