bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recognising and responding to in‐hospital clinical deterioration: An integrative review of interprofessional practice issues
Authors: Allen Emily , Elliott Doug , Jackson Debra 
Published: April 2017

Aims and ObjectivesTo identify, appraise and synthesise current evidence regarding organisation‐wide interprofessional practice issues that facilitate or inhibit effective recognition and response to clinical deterioration, using a theoretical rapid response system model.BackgroundRecognition and response to clinical deterioration, in adult general medical–surgical ward patients, is embedded as routine interprofessional practice in acute healthcare organisations worldwide. The process of care escalation is complex and sometimes involves multiple health professionals from different disciplines with varying levels of expertise. While a theoretical rapid response system model offers a formalised structured approach to escalate patient care, it is unclear how the implementation of this model, or similar, influences rapid response system‐wide interprofessional practices to effectively recognise and respond to clinical deterioration.DesignAn integrative review.MethodsThis review was conducted using key words to systematically search four electronic bibliographic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, ProQuest Central, Cochrane Library). Twenty‐nine eligible full‐text papers were identified. Quality appraisal of methods was performed using recommended guidelines. Study findings were narratively coded, themed and conceptualised in the context of an organisation‐wide rapid response system using an interprofessional collaborative practice framework.ResultsFive main themes aligned with the four interprofessional collaborative practice competency domains and a learning continuum of professional development: Organisational culture, Role perceptions and professional accountability, Communication of clinical needs, Team‐based practices, and Interprofessional learning opportunities in recognising and responding to clinical deterioration. Within these themes, three notable interprofessional practice issues were highlighted: professional reporting hierarchies (inhibiting), critical care outreach services (facilitating) and interprofessional relationships (facilitating).ConclusionsA unique approach for exploring organisation‐wide interprofessional practice issues has been presented using an interprofessional collaborative practice framework. Further interpretive organisation‐wide research is necessary to develop a more in‐depth and meaningful understanding of interprofessional collaborative practice issues that facilitate or inhibit effective recognition and response to clinical deterioration.Relevance to clinical practiceThis review presents a unique system‐wide approach for exploring how health professionals interprofessionally collaborate in practice to effectively recognise and respond to clinical deterioration.
Municipal Bond Liquidity and Default Risk
Authors: SCHWERT MICHAEL 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the pricing of municipal bonds. I use three distinct, complementary approaches to decompose municipal bond spreads into default and liquidity components, and find that default risk accounts for 74% to 84% of the average spread after adjusting for tax‐exempt status. The first approach estimates the liquidity component using transaction data, the second measures the default component with credit default swap data, and the third is a quasi‐natural experiment that estimates changes in default risk around pre‐refunding events. The price of default risk is high given the rare incidence of municipal default and implies a high risk premium.
Deficient double‐strand break repair in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines
Authors: Jessri Maryam , Dalley Andrew J. , Farah Camile S. 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundApproximately 20% of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cases arise without any identifiable environmental cause, suggesting involvement of genetic influences in their aetiology. DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) sever both strands of DNA and pose a potential threat to genomic integrity. A hastened accumulation of somatic mutations consequent to DSB repair is deemed to be a likely event in tumorigenesis of OSCC.MethodsTwo discrete chemical approaches, namely hydrogen peroxide and camptothecin, were used to induce DSB in oral cell lines derived from normal through dysplastic to OSCC tissues. After optimization, gamma histone 2Ax (γH2Ax) foci were counted as an indirect measure of kinetics of DSB and confirmed with Western blot of γH2Ax, Nbs1 and ATM.ResultsMaximal number of γH2Ax foci was detected 1 and 2 hours post‐exposure to camptothecin and hydrogen peroxide, respectively; when adjusted for the baseline number of γH2Ax, neoplastic cell lines showed the lowest number of maximal DSB and slowest rate of repair compared to other cell lines. γH2Ax Western blot closely mirrored the trend observed in immunofluorescent staining for γH2Ax foci. Changes in the expression level of ATM and Nbs1 were minimal; however, ATM expression showed a slight gradual increase in normal cells which reached its peak at 2 hours after exposure to camptothecin.ConclusionsThere is a difference in efficiency of DSB repair pathways in cell lines derived from different stages of oral tumorigenesis with neoplastic cell lines having the most defective DSB repair system.
Effect of Alumina Particle Size on the Bond Strength between Autopolymerized Acrylic Resin and Commercially Pure Titanium
Authors: Alfadda Sara A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPurposeTo address the following null hypothesis: when the Rocatec bonding system is used, the various sizes of aluminum oxide particles used to roughen the surface area of the commercially pure (CP) titanium prior to bonding to autopolymerized resin have no effect on the average shear bond strength.Materials and MethodsOne hundred specimens were randomly allocated to five equally sized groups: Ti‐no air abrasion (group A), Ti‐air‐abraded with 50 μm (group B), Ti‐110 μm (group C), Ti‐250 μm (group D), and Co‐Cr‐50 μm (group E) grain‐size aluminum oxide. Rocatec Plus tribochemical coating was applied to all of the specimens, followed by a RelyX primer and Sinfonyopaquer. Autopolymerized denture base resin was then bonded to the treated titanium surfaces. All specimens underwent thermocycling (10,000 cycles), shear bond testing, and mode of failure examination under stereoscopic microscopy.ResultsThe average bond strength of group D (250 μm) was significantly different compared to all other groups, except group C (p = 0.057, trending significance). The average bond strength of group D was substantially higher than that in the other groups (p < 0.01). The weakest bond was observed when the specimens did not receive any air abrasion (group A). Maximum load (N) showed the same significant results as the shear bond strength at maximum load (MPa). The average extension at maximum load (mm) and the time at maximum load(s) for group A were significantly different than that of all other groups. Group A had lower average values than any other group (p = 0.003). More cohesive and mixed, rather than adhesive, modes of failure were observed as the size of the aluminum oxide particles increased.ConclusionWhen the Rocatec system is used, using a combination of chemical and micromechanical adhesion is essential for the success of the bond between the autopolymerized acrylic resin and CP Ti. The micromechanical interlock can be improved significantly when the Ti surface is air abraded with larger particles (250 μm) than the currently used alumina particle size.
The Association of Physical Activity and Academic Behavior: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sullivan Rachel A. , Kuzel AnnMarie H. , Vaandering Michael E. , Chen Weiyun 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDIn this systematic review, we assessed the existing research describing the effects of physical activity (PA) on academic behavior, with a special focus on the effectiveness of the treatments applied, study designs, outcome measures, and results.METHODSWe obtained data from various journal search engines and 218 journal articles were downloaded that were relevant to PA and academic performance topics. The abstracts of all the articles were independently peer reviewed to assess whether they met the inclusion criteria for further analysis. The literature search was ongoing. Of the reviewed articles, 9 were chosen on the topic of PA effects on academic behavior. Each article was analyzed and summarized using a standard summary template.RESULTSOverall, PA interventions commonly found positive effects on academic behavior, with few exceptions. There were additional unique findings regarding differences in outcome measures and PA treatments.CONCLUSIONSThe findings from these studies are significant and support the implementation or continuation of PA in schools to improve academic behavior and associated performance. More research needs to be conducted using the effective aspects of the treatments from this review with consistent outcome measures.
Reported Motivations for and Locations of Healthy Eating Among Georgia High School Students
Authors: Kumar Gayathri S. , Bryan Michael , Bayakly Rana , Drenzek Cherie , Merlo Caitlin , Perry Geraldine S. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDUnderstanding how youth perceive eating healthy foods can inform programs and policies that aim to improve healthy eating. We assessed the reasons for and the most common locations of eating healthy foods among Georgia's (GA) high school (HS) students.METHODSUsing the 2013 GA HS Youth Risk Behavior Survey, we examined motivations for and locations of eating healthy foods by sociodemographic characteristics and daily fruit and vegetable intake. Weighted chi‐square tests were used to examine differences in responses for each perception.RESULTSNineteen percent of GA HS students consumed fruit ≥3 times/day and 11% consumed vegetables ≥3 times/day. The most frequently chosen response to motivations for eating healthy foods was the desire to be healthy (42%), followed by enjoying their taste (18%). The most likely location to eat healthy foods was at home (80%), followed by at school (13%).CONCLUSIONSGA HS students are most motivated to eat healthy foods by the desire to be healthy and their enjoyment of the taste of healthy foods. Incorporating messages that align with students' motivations to eat healthy foods could be considered when developing promotional programs/policies targeting healthy eating.
Disease burden‐research match? Registered trials in child health from low‐ and middle‐income and high‐income countries
Authors: Joseph Pathma D , Caldwell Patrina HY , Barnes Elizabeth H , Craig Jonathan C 
Published: April 2017

AimThe aim of this study was to determine whether there is a match between the health problems that children face and the clinical trials that are being conducted, especially in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs).MethodsAll trials on the World Health Organisation International Clinical Trials Registry Platform registered from 2005 to 2013 were reviewed. The disease‐specific focus of registered trials for children was compared to the global burden of disease for 2011 using World Health Organisation disability‐adjusted life‐year data.ResultsChildren account for 34% of the global disease burden, but were represented in only 15% (29 899/203 726) of registered trials. Although the number of trials in children registered annually has increased over time (from 3174 in 2005 to 3392 in 2013), the proportion of trials involving children has decreased (from 18 to 13%). LMICs account for 98% of the disease burden among children world‐wide, but only 22% of trials. More trials were registered in high‐income countries than in LMICs for the majority of the disease categories. There was moderate correlation between the number of trials and the burden of each disease within each region (Spearman's correlation r = 0.6, P = 0.007 and r = 0.55, P = 0.02 in LMICs and high‐income countries, respectively).ConclusionOverall, children continue to be under‐represented in clinical trials, particularly children from LMICs where disease burden is greatest. Clinical trial activity correlates moderately with disease burden among the world's children. A more evidence‐informed approach for prioritising trials to specifically address the health‐care needs of children is required.
The resistance experiments: Morality, authority and obedience in Stanley Milgram's account
Authors: Kaposi Dávid 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe paper seeks to re‐conceptualize Stanley Milgram's (in)famous experiments on willing obedience by drawing solely on Milgram's own contemporary account. It identifies a substantial incongruence between the findings Milgram presented (i.e., his description of the experiments) and the meaning he imputed to them (i.e., his interpretation of the experiments). It argues that instead of operationalizing the concepts he claimed to operationalize – legitimate authority, embodied morality and willing obedience –, Milgram's description suggests that the operative forces in the experiments were an illegitimate authority and acts which in effect collude with that authority. As a result, the paper concludes that what the experimental findings represented was not so much obedience out of choice, but out of coercion. Thus, the paper seeks to redirect the conceptual‐moral focus of the findings from the participants who “shockingly” obeyed to those who managed to resist the coercive force of the total experimental situation.
Coping with criminal victimization and fear of crime: The protective role of accommodative self‐regulation
Authors: Rühs Farina , Greve Werner , Kappes Cathleen 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe protective role of accommodative coping in mitigating possible aversive consequences of criminal victimization and fear of crime was investigated across different types of criminal offences and age groups.MethodsTwo hundred and forty‐six participants aged 15–77 years participated in a cross‐sectional, Internet‐based questionnaire study. They provided information on their experiences of criminal victimization, depressive symptoms, fear of crime (FC), and accommodative coping.ResultsMultiple regression analyses showed that accommodative coping had a moderating (buffering) effect, both on the positive relationship between criminal victimization and fear of crime and on the positive relationship between fear of crime and victims’ depressive symptoms. The greater the tendency of accommodative coping was, the weaker were the relationships between criminal victimization and fear of crime, and between fear of crime and depressive symptoms.ConclusionsThe results indicate that accommodative processes could indeed facilitate adaptive coping with criminal victimization and could, at least for some of the assumed negative psychological consequences, have a protective effect.
Update (2012–2017) on lunar meteorites from Oman
Authors: Korotev Randy L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis report presents bulk composition data for 10 lunar meteorite stones from Oman for which the names have been approved since June, 2012. On the basis of composition and reported find location, four new meteorites are represented among this group of stones. Data from neutron activation analysis of 371 subsamples of all lunar meteorites from Oman and Saudi Arabia analyzed in this laboratory are presented.
Low socio‐economic status adversely effects dialysis survival in Australia
Authors: Krishnasamy Rathika , Gray Nicholas A 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimLow socio‐economic status (SES) is associated with increased incidence of end‐stage kidney disease and in the USA, poorer dialysis survival. All Australians have access to a universal healthcare system.MethodsThe study included all non‐indigenous adult Australians registered with the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry who commenced dialysis between 2003 and 2013. SES at dialysis start was classified into quartiles of advantaged through to disadvantaged using Australian Bureau of Statistics socio‐economic indexes for areas. The primary outcome was survival assessed using a competing risk regression model with renal transplantation as a competing risk. There was a significant interaction between age and SES, and hence, age‐stratified survival analyses were performed.ResultsA total 20 810 commenced dialysis during the study period. Mortality for the most advantaged quartile was 102.4/1000 person–years (95% confidence interval (CI) 98.0–106.9) compared with 110.7/1000 person–years (95% CI 105.8–115.7) in the disadvantaged quartile. In adjusted analysis, dialysis survival, compared with quartile 1 (advantaged), was inferior in quartile 3 (sub‐hazard ratio 1.10, 95% CI 1.03–1.17) and the disadvantaged quartile (sub‐hazard ratio 1.09, 85% CI 1.02–1.16) and was significantly modified by age. This disparity in survival outcome between the different SES quartiles was only observed in younger patients but was attenuated in the older ones following an age‐stratified analysis.ConclusionsIn Australia, low SES has an adverse effect on dialysis patient survival despite universal healthcare. This effect is mainly among younger patients where SES may have a greater proportional impact than co‐morbidities.
Leaf water storage increases with salinity and aridity in the mangrove Avicennia marina: integration of leaf structure, osmotic adjustment and access to multiple water sources
Authors: Nguyen Hoa T. , Meir Patrick , Sack Lawren , Evans John R. , Oliveira Rafael S. , Ball Marilyn C. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractLeaf structure and water relations were studied in a temperate population of Avicennia marina subsp. australasica along a natural salinity gradient [28 to 49 parts per thousand (ppt)] and compared with two subspecies grown naturally in similar soil salinities to those of subsp. australasica but under different climates: subsp. eucalyptifolia (salinity 30 ppt, wet tropics) and subsp. marina (salinity 46 ppt, arid tropics). Leaf thickness, leaf dry mass per area and water content increased with salinity and aridity. Turgor loss point declined with increase in soil salinity, driven mainly by differences in osmotic potential at full turgor. Nevertheless, a high modulus of elasticity (ε) contributed to maintenance of high cell hydration at turgor loss point. Despite similarity among leaves in leaf water storage capacitance, total leaf water storage increased with increasing salinity and aridity. The time that stored water alone could sustain an evaporation rate of 1 mmol m−2 s−1 ranged from 77 to 126 min from subspecies eucalyptifolia to ssp. marina, respectively. Achieving full leaf hydration or turgor would require water from sources other than the roots, emphasizing the importance of multiple water sources to growth and survival of Avicennia marina across gradients in salinity and aridity.
Divine hiddenness: Part 2 (recent enlargements of the discussion)
Authors: Schellenberg J. L. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractOffered here is Part 2 of a two‐part critical survey of recent work in philosophy on divine hiddenness. Part 1 surveyed recent development of the discussion initiated by my 1993 book on the subject. Here, I examine some related work that expands the scope of the hiddenness discussion. Some of the enlargements take further the discussion of Stephen Maitzen's work on the demographics of theism. Others introduce new hiddenness problems and ways of dealing with them. A third category of new work urges theological constraints, of one sort or another, on hiddenness reasoning, thus raising new methodological issues.
Sanctions for repeat offenders: a question of wealth?
Authors: Eggert Wolfgang , Minter Steffen , Stephan Maximilian , von Ungern‐Sternberg Handirk 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn a two‐period standard law‐enforcement model, individuals observe or break the law. In addition, individuals may offend accidentally. When sanctions are limited by individual wealth constraints, the government chooses appropriate sanctions for first and repeat offenders and the level of monitoring. We assume a welfare‐oriented government and derive subgame‐perfect equilibria for constant, increasing and decreasing sanctions depending on the individual wealth level.
Soil health – What should the doctor order?
Authors: Wood M. , Litterick A. M. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe concept of soil health has been extensively reviewed in the scientific literature, but there is only patchy and inconsistent information available to farmers and growers who are concerned about the declining condition of their soils and are looking for appropriate test methods and management interventions to help reverse it. Although there are well‐established laboratory methods for soil chemical analysis, and a range of laboratory and field methods for measuring soil physical properties, only now are methods starting to emerge for soil biological analysis. This study provides an overview of the methods that are currently available commercially (or are close to commercialization) for farmers and growers in the UK. We examine the science underpinning the methods, the value of the information provided and how farmers and advisors can use results from such assessments for informed decision‐making in relation to soil management.
Platelet donor selection for HLA‐immunised patients; the impact of donor‐specific HLA antibody levels
Authors: Linjama T. , Niittyvuopio R. , Tuimala J. , Pyörälä M. , Rintala H. , Rimpiläinen J. , Kauppila M. , Peräsaari J. , Juvonen E. 
Published: April 2017

SUMMARYBackgroundApproximately 20% of patients with a recurrently poor platelet transfusion increment show human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloantibodies. The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) levels of donor‐specific HLA antibodies and the feasibility of the HLAMatchmaker algorithm in donor selection.Study design and methodsA total of 270 HLA‐typed platelet transfusion responses of 40 patients were included in the study. The patients' immunisation status was determined with Luminex‐based methods, and HLA alloantibody strengths were defined as the MFI. For the Matchmaker eplet matching, the HLA‐ABC Eplet Matching Version 2.1 was used.ResultsIn 62% of the 270 transfusions, HLA antibodies against the transfused platelets were present, with a median cumulative MFI level of 2026 (range: 299–29 203). In multivariate analysis, a cumulative MFI level higher than 1000 emerged as an independent risk factor for a poor platelet transfusion increment, along with infection and the age of the product.ConclusionThe HLAMatchmaker algorithm alone is not a sufficient tool for donor selection. Donor selection based primarily on the levels of donor‐specific HLA antibodies is a preferable practice.