bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Structure and Habitat Use of the Endangered Watercress Darter
Authors: Duncan R. Scot , Kuhajda Bernard R. , Hodges Caitlin A. , Messenger Ashley L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDespite Alabama's exceptionally diverse freshwater fish fauna, many of its fish species face extinction. Some of the state's most imperiled species dwell within coldwater springs, but a deficit of knowledge about their ecology hampers protection efforts. The watercress darter Etheostoma nuchale is a species confined to five springs in the greater Birmingham metropolitan area. Roebuck Spring likely harbors the largest population. Its pool has been surveyed occasionally, but there had been no survey of its run, a shallow stream flowing from the pool. We investigated the darter's use of the run, its habitat preferences, and characteristics of the habitats where it is most abundant. We quantified the abundance of stream microhabitats, then estimated darter density in the stream's five most common habitats using a throw trap, a high-walled metal frame dropped in the habitat. We found darters at densities vastly exceeding typical estimates derived using seine nets. We estimated the run harbored 116,932 (79,358–155,965) darters, two-thirds of which were juveniles. The most preferred habitat was coontail Ceratophyllum demersum, a submergent plant not previously known to provide darter habitat. Coontail grew prolifically in swift currents, which was surprising given that darter habitats described previously had little to no current. Coontail provided a more structurally complex habitat than the plants of the other microhabitats studied. Our results suggest that spring runs can support substantial densities of the watercress darter if dense submergent vegetation is present.
CXCR3 Blockade Inhibits T Cell Migration into the Skin and Prevents Development of Alopecia Areata
Authors: Dai Zhenpeng , Xing Luzhou , Cerise Jane , Wang Eddy Hsi Chun , Jabbari Ali , de Jong Annemieke , Petukhova Lynn , Christiano Angela M. , Clynes Raphael 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAlopecia areata (AA) is an autoimmune disease of the hair follicle that results in hair loss of varying severity. Recently, we showed that IFN-γ–producing NKG2D+CD8+ T cells actively infiltrate the hair follicle and are responsible for its destruction in C3H/HeJ AA mice. Our transcriptional profiling of human and mouse alopecic skin showed that the IFN pathway is the dominant signaling pathway involved in AA. We showed that IFN-inducible chemokines (CXCL9/10/11) are markedly upregulated in the skin of AA lesions, and further, that the IFN-inducible chemokine receptor, CXCR3, is upregulated on alopecic effector T cells. To demonstrate whether CXCL9/10/11 chemokines were required for development of AA, we treated mice with blocking Abs to CXCR3, which prevented the development of AA in the graft model, inhibiting the accumulation of NKG2D+CD8+ T cells in the skin and cutaneous lymph nodes. These data demonstrate proof of concept that interfering with the Tc1 response in AA via blockade of IFN-inducible chemokines can prevent the onset of AA. CXCR3 blockade could be approached clinically in human AA with either biologic or small-molecule inhibition, the latter being particularly intriguing as a topical therapeutic.
Biophysical and Biochemical Characterization of Avian Secretory Component Provides Structural Insights into the Evolution of the Polymeric Ig Receptor
Authors: Stadtmueller Beth M. , Yang Zhongyu , Huey-Tubman Kathryn E. , Roberts-Mataric Helena , Hubbell Wayne L. , Bjorkman Pamela J. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The polymeric Ig receptor (pIgR) transports polymeric Abs across epithelia to the mucosa, where proteolytic cleavage releases the ectodomain (secretory component [SC]) as an integral component of secretory Abs, or as an unliganded protein that can mediate interactions with bacteria. SC is conserved among vertebrates, but domain organization is variable: mammalian SC has five domains (D1-D5), whereas avian, amphibian, and reptilian SC lack the D2 domain, and fish SC lacks domains D2-D4. In this study, we used double electron–electron resonance spectroscopy and surface plasmon resonance binding studies to characterize the structure, dynamics, and ligand binding properties of avian SC, avian SC domain variants, and a human SC (hSC) variant lacking the D2 domain. These experiments demonstrated that, unlike hSC, which adopts a compact or “closed” domain arrangement, unliganded avian SC is flexible and exists in both closed and open states, suggesting that the mammalian SC D2 domain stabilizes the closed conformation observed for hSC D1-D5. Experiments also demonstrated that avian and mammalian pIgR share related, but distinct, mechanisms of ligand binding. Together, our data reveal differences in the molecular recognition mechanisms associated with evolutionary changes in the pIgR protein.
Institutional Cultures of Assessment: A Qualitative Study of Administrator Perspectives
Authors: Holzweiss Peggy C. , Bustamante Rebecca , Fuller Matthew B. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
In this study, results are presented from a rigorous content analysis of responses to two open-ended questions included in the Administrators' Survey of Assessment Culture. A sample of 302 US higher education administrators provided 566 narrative responses addressing (1) the primary reason they conducted assessment on campus, and (2) how they would characterize their campus assessment cultures. Analysis revealed two meta-themes: “Institutional Structures,” including procedures, data usage, and accountability; and “Organizational Culture,” administrators' descriptions of rituals, artifacts, discourse, values, and change related to assessment. Implications are shared for reframing and cultivating notions of institutional cultures of assessment.
To “Alarm the Publick Mind”: A Reexamination of Pamphlets and Newspapers in Philadelphia and the Early Republic
Authors: Scherr Arthur 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
This article compares the role of political pamphlets and newspapers in the early US republic, especially whether pamphlets were intended to appeal to a closed circle of political insiders while the target audience of newspapers was average citizens, a topic seldom discussed by journalism historians for the federal period. Pamphlets, lower priced compared to newspapers (whose publishers generally required a year's subscription in advance), were more within the income range of average citizens. As a case study, pamphleteering activities of US senator John Taylor of Caroline, a Philadelphia resident during early the 1790s, are discussed, as well as those of Benjamin Franklin Bache, Thomas Paine, William L. Smith, William Cobbett, Benjamin Russell, and others involved in the period's print culture. Emphasizing Philadelphia-based publications, and after comparing prices of pamphlets and books with the cost of a one-year subscription to newspapers during the 1790s, the author concludes that political writers viewed pamphlets as a way to reach a wide audience, not merely a restricted cohort of the wealthy or those in positions of political power.
Refracted Republicanism: Plowden's History, Paddy's Resource, and Irish Jacobins in Western Pennsylvania
Authors: Gilmore Peter E. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Two books of significance to contemporary Irish political radicalism were republished in Philadelphia at the turn of the nineteenth century: in 1796 Paddy's Resource, an anthology of songs and toasts; and in 1806 the multivolume history of Ireland authored by Francis Plowden. Together, these literary productions help bring into focus both the centrality of Philadelphia in the percolation of Democratic-Republican politics and the ideas and personalities animating the Irish diaspora of Pennsylvania's western region in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Irish American communities in Philadelphia and Pittsburgh became defined through alliance with the Jeffersonian party, ethnic symbols, and in part, the songs transmitted by Paddy's Resource.
ICHTHYOPLANKTON OF BRANSFIELD STRAIT - ANTARCTICA
Authors: Sinque Chossi , Koblitz Sigrid , Costa Laura Marília 
Published: July 2016

A preliminary study on the distribution and abundance of ichthyoplankton related with ecological data were made during the southern summer 1982/83 from material collected from the oceanographic R/V “ Professor W. Besnard” in the Bransfield Strait — Antarctica.From 210 larvae caught in the area, 10 species were identified: Pleuragramma antarcticum, Notothenia larseni, Notothenia gibberifons, Notothenia kempi, Notothenia nudifrons (Nototheniidae); Notolepis coatsi (Paralepididae); Electrona antarctica (Myctophidae); Artedidraco skottsbergi, Harpagifer bispinis (Harpagiferidae) and Champsocephalus gunnari (Channichthyidae).Besides this, the spawning period and occurrence of larvae related with water masses were considered. ICTIOPLÂNCTON DO ESTREITO DE BRANSFIELD — ANTÁRTICAEstudo preliminar sobre distribuição e abundância de ictioplâncton relacionado com os dados ecológicos foi realizado durante o verão austral 1982/83 com o material coletado a bordo do N/Oc. “ Professor W. Besnard” , no Estreito de Bransfield — Antártica. Dos 210 exemplares de larvas capturadas na área, 10 espécies foram identificadas: Pleuragramma antarcticum, Notothenia larseni, Notothenia gibberifrons, Notothenia kempi, Notothenia nudifrons (Nototheniidae); Notolepis coatsi (Paralepididae); Electrona antarctica (Myctophidae); Artedidraco skottsbergi, Harpagifer bispinis (Harpagiferidae) and Chanrtpsocephalus gunnari (Channichthyidae).Paralelamente foram considerados o período de desova e a ocorrência das larvas relacionada com massas de água.
Subtitling of Oprah’s Interview of Michael Jackson from a Multi-modal Approach
Authors: Chen Jieyu 
Published: July 2016

<p> </p><p>This paper is about the introduction and use of Multimodal Analysis (MDA) as a research methodology in subtitling of audiovisual products. Its aim is to show the contribution of the MDA to the analysis of multi-semiotic resources in audiovisual products and their influences on the subtitling. Although many scholars have realized that audiovisual products employ different types of signs to create meanings, the focus remains primarily on their linguistic features. The paper elaborates on the theoretical and practical aspects of the MDA methodology, and provides a case study to show how the methodology works in the subtitling process of audiovisual products, in particular the subtitling of interviews. Finally, it concludes the paper with some suggestions for further research.</p><p><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><br style="font-family: Times New Roman;" /></span></p>
Spatially resolved SO2 flux emissions from Mt Etna
Authors: D'Aleo R. , Bitetto M. , Delle Donne D. , Tamburello G. , Battaglia A. , Coltelli M. , Patanè D. , Prestifilippo M. , Sciotto M. , Aiuppa A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report on a systematic record of SO2 flux emissions from individual vents of Etna volcano (Sicily), which we obtained using a permanent UV camera network. Observations were carried out in summer 2014, a period encompassing two eruptive episodes of the New South East Crater (NSEC) and a fissure‐fed eruption in the upper Valle del Bove. We demonstrate that our vent‐resolved SO2 flux time series allow capturing shifts in activity from one vent to another and contribute to our understanding of Etna's shallow plumbing system structure. We find that the fissure eruption contributed ~50,000 t of SO2 or ~30% of the SO2 emitted by the volcano during the 5 July to 10 August eruptive interval. Activity from this eruptive vent gradually vanished on 10 August, marking a switch of degassing toward the NSEC. Onset of degassing at the NSEC was a precursory to explosive paroxysmal activity on 11–15 August.
Synoptic forcing of wind relaxations at Pt. Conception, California
Authors: Fewings Melanie R. , Washburn Libe , Dorman Clive E. , Gotschalk Christopher , Lombardo Kelly 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOver the California Current upwelling system in summer, the prevailing upwelling‐favorable winds episodically weaken (relax) or reverse direction for a few days. Near Pt. Conception, California, the wind usually does not reverse, but wind relaxation allows poleward oceanic coastal flow with ecological consequences. To determine the offshore extent and synoptic forcing of these wind relaxations, we formed composite averages of wind stress from the QuikSCAT satellite and atmospheric pressure from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) using 67 wind relaxations during summer 2000–2009. Wind relaxations at Pt. Conception are the third stage of an event sequence that repeatedly affects the west coast of North America in summer. First, 5–7 days before the wind weakens near Pt. Conception, the wind weakens or reverses off Oregon and northern California. Second, the upwelling‐favorable wind intensifies along central California. Third, the wind relaxes at Pt. Conception, and the area of weakened winds extends poleward to northern California over 3–5 days. The NARR underestimates the wind stress within ∼200 km of coastal capes by a factor of 2. Wind relaxations at Pt. Conception are caused by offshore extension of the desert heat low. This synoptic forcing is related to event cycles that cause wind reversal as in Halliwell and Allen (1987) and Mass and Bond (1996), but includes weaker events. The wind relaxations extend ∼600 km offshore, similarly to the California‐scale hydraulic expansion fan shaping the prevailing winds, and ∼1000 km alongshore, limited by an opposing pressure gradient force at Cape Mendocino.
New aspects of quantization of the Jackiw–Pi model: field–antifield formalism and noncommutativity
Authors: Nikoofard Vahid , Abreu Everton M. C. 
Published: July 2016

The so‐called Jackiw–Pi (JP) model for massive vector fields is a three‐dimensional, gauge‐invariant and parity‐preserving model that was discussed in several contexts. In this paper we have discussed its quantum aspects through the introduction of Planck‐scale objects, i.e., via noncommutativity and the well‐known BV quantization. Namely, we have constructed the JP noncommutative space‐time version, we have provided the BV quantization of the commutative JP model and we have discussed its features. The noncommutativity has introduced interesting new objects in JP's Planck‐scale framework.
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Start‐up and steady‐state results of a UASB reactor treating high pH baker's yeast molasses wastewater for methane production
Authors: Mischopoulou Magdalini , Kalamaras Sotirios D , Naidis Panagiotis , Kotsopoulos Thomas A , Samaras Petros 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe baker's yeast industry is a major market and due to the intensified production large quantities of waste are generated. Wastewater from the baker's yeast industry with high content of molasses was treated anaerobically in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor for the production of methane (CH4).RESULTSThe molasses wastewater obtained from industry had a high pH value around 8.0 ± 0.5, which remained constant during the experimental period. The system was operated at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 2.4–7.65 g of volatile solids per liter per day (g VS L−1 d−1) and the best results were observed at 4 g VS L−1 d−1, where methane production exceeded 350 L CH4 kg−1 VS. Anaerobic chemical oxygen demand removal was also examined and it was found that for the latter conditions of optimum OLR, it was more than 35%. VFA analysis revealed that acetic acid concentration in the reactor was more than 25 mmol L−1 even under optimum conditions.CONCLUSIONSThe tested hydraulic retention time (HRT) values did not affect methane production, unlike the OLR. The increased acetic acid concentration in the UASB reactor and the high pH were credited to the inhibition of aceticlastic microorganisms. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Reduction of friction by recombinant human proteoglycan 4 in IL‐1α stimulated bovine cartilage explants
Authors: Larson Katherine M. , Zhang Ling , Elsaid Khaled A. , Schmidt Tannin A. , Fleming Braden C. , Badger Gary J. , Jay Gregory D. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA boundary lubricant attaches and protects sliding bearing surfaces by preventing interlocking asperity–asperity contact. Proteoglycan‐4 (PRG4) is a boundary lubricant found in the synovial fluid that provides chondroprotection to articular surfaces. Inflammation of the diarthrodial joint modulates local PRG4 concentration. Thus, we measured the effects of inflammation, with Interleukin‐1α (IL‐1α) incubation, upon boundary lubrication and PRG4 expression in bovine cartilage explants. We further aimed to determine whether the addition of exogenous human recombinant PRG4 (rhPRG4) could mitigate the effects of inflammation on boundary lubrication and PRG4 expression in vitro. Cartilage explants, following a 7 day incubation with IL‐1α, were tested in a disc‐on‐disc configuration using either rhPRG4 or saline (PBS control) as a lubricant. Following mechanical testing, explants were studied immunohistochemically or underwent RNA extraction for real‐time polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). We found that static coefficient of friction (COF) significantly decreased to 0.14 ± 0.065 from 0.21 ± 0.059 (p = 0.014) in IL‐1α stimulated explants lubricated with rhPRG4, as compared to PBS. PRG4 expression was significantly up regulated from 30.8 ± 19 copies in control explants lubricated with PBS to 3330 ± 1760 copies in control explants lubricated with rhPRG4 (p < 0.001). Explants stimulated with IL‐1α displayed no increase in PRG4 expression upon lubrication with rhPRG4, but with PBS as the lubricant, IL‐1α stimulation significantly increased PRG4 expression compared to the control condition from 30.8 ± 19 copies to 401 ± 340 copies (p = 0.015). Overall, these data suggest that exogenous rhPRG4 may provide a therapeutic option for reducing friction in transient inflammatory conditions and increasing PRG4 expression. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:580–589, 2017.
The Lake Natron Footprint Tuff (northern Tanzania): volcanic source, depositional processes and age constraints from field relations
Authors: Balashova Anna , Mattsson Hannes B. , Hirt Ann M. , Almqvist Bjarne S. G. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe Engare Sero Footprint Site, situated on the southern shore of Lake Natron in northern Tanzania, has been reported to host one of the best preserved sets of fossilized hominid footprints in the world. However, until now there has been no detailed characterization and age determination of the footprint‐bearing strata (the Footprint Tuff). Here, we combine field observations with geochemical and mineralogical analyses and measurements of the anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility to constrain depositional processes, the role of reworking and the volcanic source for the Footprint Tuff. We find that the footprint‐bearing horizon consists of volcanic ash‐fall that has been slightly reworked by water, and that this was produced during a voluminous eruption of the Oldoinyo Lengai volcano. The unit, which covered the footprints and helped to preserve them, consists of the wind‐blown material from the same eruption, mixed together with locally derived detrital material. We can constrain the ash horizon to be of Holocene age, based on: (i) the location of the Footprint Tuff within the regional stratigraphy, (ii) previous age determination of an ash layer that can be correlated with the Footprint Tuff and (iii) the regional climatological history of the area. The ash horizon was probably deposited around 11000‐10500 years ago, but could potentially be even younger than this.
Cellulose‐Derived Carbon Fibers Produced via a Continuous Carbonization Process: Investigating Precursor Choice and Carbonization Conditions
Authors: Byrne Nolene , Setty Mohan , Blight Simon , Tadros Ray , Ma Yibo , Sixta Herbert , Hummel Michael 
Published: July 2016

Here, the carbonization of two Lyocell type regenerated cellulose fibres is reported. Commercially available Lyocell as well as the experimental Lyocell type fibre known as Ioncell‐F spun from the ionic liquid 1,5‐diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non‐5‐ene‐1‐ium acetate ([DBNH]OAc) is investigated, which supports higher draw ratio and thus improves precursor mechanical properties. Lyocell fibres are known to have improved mechanical properties over other regenerated cellulose fibres and are therefore considered to be better carbon fibre precursor candidates. The Lyocell fibres used in this study are carbonized utilizing a scaled down identical replica of an in use carbon fibre line. The importance of this is the ability to assess the performance of the Lyocell fibres under more realistic continuous carbonization processing conditions. The tensile properties, morphology, and chemical composition of all fibres are determined. It is shown that by changing the carbonization temperature and atmosphere fibres with different mechanical properties and diameter can be produced. Elemental analysis confirms that each fibre has a carbon content of ≥90%.
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Synthesis and biological activity of a new class of insecticides: the N‐(5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)amides
Authors: Eckelbarger Joseph D , Parker Marshall H , Yap Maurice CH , Buysse Ann M , Babcock Jonathan M , Hunter Ricky , Adelfinskaya Yelena , Samaritoni Jack G , Garizi Negar , Trullinger Tony K 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDOptimization studies on a high‐throughput screening (HTS) hit led to the discovery of a series of N‐(6‐arylpyridazin‐3‐yl)amides with insecticidal activity. It was hypothesized that the isosteric replacement of the pyridazine ring with a 1,3,4‐thiadiazole ring could lead to more potent biological activity and/or a broader sap‐feeding pest spectrum. The resulting N‐(5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)amides were explored as a new class of insecticides.RESULTSSeveral methods for 2‐amino‐1,3,4‐thiadiazole synthesis were used for the preparation of key synthetic intermediates. Subsequent coupling to variously substituted carboxylic acid building blocks furnished the final targets, which were tested for insecticidal activity against susceptible strains of Aphis gossypii (Glover) (cotton aphid), Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (green peach aphid) and Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (sweetpotato whitefly).CONCLUSIONStructure–activity relationship (SAR) studies on both the amide tail and the aryl A‐ring of novel N‐(5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐yl)amides led to a new class of insecticidal molecules active against sap‐feeding insect pests. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
PAID-INCURRED CHAIN RESERVING METHOD WITH DEPENDENCE MODELING
Authors: Happ Sebastian , Wüthrich Mario V. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe paid-incurred chain (PIC) reserving method is a claims reserving method that allows to combine claims payments and incurred losses information in a mathematical consistent way. The main criticism on the original Bayesian log-normal PIC model presented in Merz–Wüthrich [5] is that it does not respect dependence properties within the observed data. In the present paper, we extend the original Bayesian log-normal PIC model so that dependence is modeled in an appropriate way.