bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparing Dupont Esfenvalerate Formulations and Permethrin for Control of Cabbage Looper and Imported Cabbageworm on Cabbage, 1994
Authors: Shelton A. M. , Wilsey W. T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cabbage was transplanted on 23 Jun at the Vegetable Crops Research Farm near Geneva, NY. Plots consisted of two 10-ft rows on 36-inch centers with 18-inch plant spacing. To insure an adequate population of cabbage loopers, on 22 Jul, three plants per treatment were inoculated with 50 CL eggs from our laboratory reared colony. ICW populations were natural. Inoculated larvae were allowed to reach second instar before treatments were applied. The trial was repeated a second time on 25 Aug with another inoculation of 50 CL eggs on three more plants per treatment. ICW populations again were natural. Treatments were replicated 4 times in an RCB design. A backpack sprayer with a one-row boom, having 3 nozzles per row with HC 12 hollow cone tips, and delivering 30 gpa at 40 psi and 2 mph, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Bod sticker-spreader was applied at 0.1 % v/v with all treatments. Treatments for the first trial were applied on 1 Aug with evaluations made on 8 Aug. Treatments for the second trial were applied on 1 Sep with evaluations made on 7 Sep. Evaluations were made by selecting the three inoculated plants in each treatment, removing all leaves, and counting the number of live CL and ICW larvae. A two-way ANOVA was used for analysis of larvae using replicate totals.
Control of the Codling Moth with Pheromone and CM Granulosis Virus, 1994
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Gut L. J. , Doerr M. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two formulations of CM granulosis virus, a powder (CGI-9401) and liquid (CGI-9405), were evaluated for their ability to control CM in combination with pheromone mating disruption. Before application, milk and 45 ml of NU-FILM-P were added to the 25-gal mixture of both virus formulations. Powdered milk was used first generation at 1 lb/25 gal, and liquid milk was used second generation at 1 gal/25 gal. Pheromone application was a combination of 400 Isomate- C-plus and 200 Isomate-C dispensers per acre over the entire test block. The test was conducted in a five-acre apple block at the Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center, Columbia View Orchard. The trees were 15-yr-old spur type ‘Delicious’. Virus treatments were applied to six-tree plots replicated five times using a RCB design. All virus treatments were applied at approximately 150 degree day intervals against each CM generation following the first application with a handgun sprayer at 300 psi to the point of drip, simulating a dilute spray of approximately 400 gpa. The first application against the first and second CM generation was based on an accumulation of 250 and 1200 degree days, respectively, after the capture of moths in pheromone traps. The post-treatment evaluation was made on 30 Aug. Twenty-five fruit from four trees per replicate were examined, and the number of CM injured fruit was recorded.
Insecticidal Control of European Corn Borer and Corn Earworm in Minnesota, 1994
Authors: Battels D. W. , Hutchison W. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted on the University of Minnesota Southern Experiment Station at Waseca, MN. Sweet corn was planted 16 Jun in plots consisting of four rows, 25 ft (7.6 m) long on 30 inch (0.8 m) centers. Two untreated border rows and 6 ft (1.83 m) alleys separated the plots. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. A Hagie highboy sprayer, with two flat fan (8002VS) drop nozzles per row, was used to treat each plot. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 35 gpa (327.4 liters/ha) at 36 psi (2.8 kg/cm2) and 2 mph (1.2 km/hr). Sprays were initiated when the corn was at 25% silk. Treatments were applied on 16 and 24 Aug. The final scheduled treatment was omitted because of excessive precipitation. Plots were manually infested with about 25 neonate ECB larvae per primary earleaf on 18 Aug, two days after the first treatments were applied. Treatments were evaluated 14 Sep by randomly selecting 25 ears per plot (100 per treatment) and recording total larvae, larval size, location and feeding damage.
Control of Onion Thrips in Onions, Adjuvant Trial, Greeley, Co, 1992
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Al-Dosari Saleh 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was conducted in a production field of transplanted onions (cv. ‘Iroquois’) near Greeley, CO. Onions were planted in two row beds and individual plots consisted of two beds, 25-ft in length, arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Treatments were applied 30 Jun and 22 Jul using a CO2 compressed air sprayer delivering 20 gal/acre at 35 psi. Treatment evaluations were made by counting all thrips on six plants within the center rows of each plot.
Efficacy of Pyrethroid & Endosulfan Combinations Against Whitefly Adults on Spring Cantaloupes, 1995
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. H. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cantaloupes were direct seeded on 9 Mar into pre-irrigated beds spaced 80 inches apart at the University of Arizona, Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. Plots consisted of 4 beds, 60 ft long with a 13 ft buffer between plots. Plot preparation and seasonal maintenance followed local practices. Plots were established and insecticide incorporated with furrow irrigation. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. Foliar applications were made with a tractor drawn sprayer that delivered 48 gpa at 320 psi on 13 Apr, 3, 17 May. Adult efficacy was assessed by counting the number of adults per leaf from each of 10 leaves per plot, 1 day before treatments were applied and 4, and 7 days after treatment. Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, insect data was first transformed (log10 x + 1) before analysis of variance. Treatment differences among means were estimated with the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch multiple F test.
Control of Whiteflies with Imidacloprid on Fall Cantaloupes, 1995
Authors: Palumbo J. C. , Mullis C. H. , Reyes F. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cantaloupes were direct seeded on 23 Aug into beds spaced 80 inches apart at the University of Arizona, Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. Plots consisted of 4 beds, 50 ft long with a 20 ft buffer between plots. Plot preparation and seasonal maintenance followed local practices. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replicates. Admire 2F treatments were applied 2 in. sub-seed furrow by injecting the material into the beds with long, narrow shanks in 20 GPA total volume of water before seeding. The Gaucho seed treatment was formulated at a rate of 35 g AI of imidacloprid/kg of cantaloupe seed. Foliar applications were made with a tractor drawn sprayer that delivered 48 gpa at 320 psi. The Capture+Thiodan mixture was applied on 8, 12, 20, and 27 Sep. Provado and Pyriproifen were applied on 8, 12, 20, 27 Sep and 7, 16 Oct. SPWF densities were estimated by counting the number of eggs and nymphs on two-cm2 disk sections taken from each of 20 leaves per plot on 7 Sep, 28 Sep and 2 Nov. Because of heterogeneity of mean variances, insect data was transformed (log10 x + 1) prior to analysis. Treatment differences among means were estimated with the Ryan-Einot-Gabriel-Welsch multiple F test.
Ear-Infesting Insect Control in Sweet Corn in Pennsylvania, 1995
Authors: Spangler S. M. , Piekielek N. , Grove T. , Rebarchak P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sweet corn was planted on 6 Jun near University Park (Centre Co.), with rows 2.5 ft apart. The design was a RCB (5 blocks per treatment). Plots (treatments within blocks) were two rows wide by 35 ft long, with 2 untreated rows on each side. Blocks were separated lengthwise by 10-ft alleyways. Sprays were delivered with a high-clearance sprayei with two nozzles/row set at tassel height at a 45° downward angle. Sprays were applied at 52 gal/acre, nozzle pressure 35psi, and tractor speed 2.6 mph Sprays were applied on 28 July, and 2, 7, 10, 15 and 18 August. At harvest (22 August), 20 ears were picked randomly from each plot. For each ear the number of insects of each species was noted. For each 20-ear sample (plot), the proportions of the sample with insect damage at the tip, side, and shank were noted.
Use of Labeled and Experimental Insecticides for Control of European Corn Borer on Sweet Corn in Wisconsin, 1995
Authors: Wedberg John , Jensen Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Heritage’ sweet corn was planted at the Arlington Agriculture Research Station, Arlington, WI at 23,000 seeds per acre on 15 June. Each treatment was 6 rows wide and 60 feet long, arranged in a RCBD, replicated four times. The sprays were applied 6, 11, 17 and 25 August. All treatments were applied with a high clearance sprayer equipped with D2/23 TeeJet disc-core nozzles and delivered 10.76 gallons of finished spray per acre at 40 PSI when driven at 2.5 MPH. Plots were evaluated 8 September by removing 25 ears per treatment and recording number of damaged ears and the size of larvae present. “Early” ECB larvae were shorter than ¼ inch, “mid” larvae are longer than ¼ inch but shorter than ½ inch, and “late” larvae were longer than ¾ inch.
Onion Maggot Control, 1995
Authors: Davis M. Kortier , Grafius E. , Garvin P. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Golden Cascade’ onions were seeded at two commercial farms in Michigan: one in Stockbridge (Ingham Co.) on May 10 and another near Grant (Newaygo Co.) on May 17. Single rows were planted using a vee-belt seeder with a 1-inch wide shoe. Plots were 10 ft long and were replicated five times in a RCB arrangement. Seeds were planted at the rate of 12 per foot, for a total of 120 seeds per plot. All seeds were film coated with Progro in the coating, including the control. Seven insecticide treatments were tested: two in-furrow, one planter box and four seed coat treatments with insecticide also incorporated into the seed coating. Starting approximately two weeks post-planting, onion plants were counted and evaluated weekly for onion maggot damage.
Evaluation of Selected Insecticides for Control of Western Flower Thrips on Onions, 1995
Authors: Sparks Alton N. , Anciso Juan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A small plot test was conducted in a commercial onion field near Alamo, Texas, to evaluate selected insecticides for efficacy against the western flower thrips. Plots measured two rows (one 40 inch bed) by 20 feet, with one bed buffers between plots. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design with four replications. Insecticides were applied with a CO2 pressurized (40 psi) backpack sprayer in a total volume of 30 gal per acre. Nozzle arrangement consisted of two 10X nozzles per bed. Treatments were applied 17 and 24 Mar. Thrips were monitored by random selection of 5 plants per plot and counting all thrips present.
Onion Maggot Control, Prattsburg, 1995
Authors: Webb D. R. , Hessney M. L. , Eckenrode C. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Seeds were planted 19 Apr in muck soil near Prattsburg, New York, on Franjo Farms. Plots were single rows, 30 ft long replicated 4 times in a RCB design. Germination and damage counts were recorded from the center 20 ft of each row. All seeds were planted using a hand-pushed cone seeder at the rate of 9 seeds/ft. Some insecticides were applied before planting as seed treatments by A. G. Taylor’s Horticultural Science Seed Treatment Laboratory at Geneva, NY, by film-coating an aqueous suspension of 3 parts by weight of Opadry AG, to 10 parts by weight of the seed protectors. All seed treatments also included Progro at the rate of 25 g of formulation/kg of raw seed to minimize incidence of onion smut (Urocystis cepulae). Other insecticide treatments were applied as in-furrow drenches in 75 gal water/acre at planting, or after seedling emergence as over-furrow sprays in 500 gal water/acre. Furrow treatments for smut included Dithane F-45 at planting using 2.4 qts formulation/acre based on a 15-inch row width. Over-furrow insecticide sprays were applied 23 May. Cumulative damage readings were made once or twice weekly between 23 May and 30 Jun.
Insect Management on Bell Pepper in West-Central Florida, Fall 1994
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 8 Aug, 12 inches apart on 8-inch-high and 32-inch-wide beds of fumigated EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single row of 12 plants with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and sprays were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 16, 21, 29 Sept, 7, 13, 20, 27 Oct, 3, 10, 16, 23, 29 Nov, 6 and 13 Dec. The sprayer was outfitted with a single nozzle with a D-5 disk and #45 core and delivered 100 gpa at 60 psi. Granular applications were made just prior to soil fumigation (about 2 weeks prior to planting) in two narrow bands 10 inches on either side of bed centers. On 5-6 Oct, each plant in each plot was inspected for small (≤0.5 inch long) and large (0.5 inch long) beet armyworm larvae. On 3 Nov, each plot was rated by two persons for increasing percentage of defoliation by beet armyworm larvae using the Horsfall-Barratt system. With this system, ratings of 1-12 corresponded to 1-100% defoliation. The ratings were averaged prior to analysis. Fruit were harvested on 2, 21 Nov, 14 and 19 Dec and the number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number of fruit damaged by beet armyworm larvae were determined. Fruit with slight feeding damage only on the stem or calyx were considered marketable. Fruit with either slight or severe damage on the fruit wall were considered unmarketable. Fruit also were examined for the presence of oviposition scars on the outside of the fruit and for the presence of larval feeding damage on the inside of the fruit caused by the pepper weevil. On 16 Dec, each plot was sampled by dislodging the insects from the tops of five plants with a 12 inch garden stake into the bottom of a rectangular cake pan painted black and coated with a thin film of vegetable oil. The numbers of pepper weevil adults, armyworm larvae, predator adults and immatures, and aphids were counted. The numbers of predators were totaled over all species since few of any one species were present.
Potato Insect Pest Control, 1995
Authors: Hoy Casey W. , Dunlap Michael J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Kennebec’ potatoes were planted 23 May at the Fry Farm, OARDC, Wooster, OH. Plant spacing was 38 inches between rows and 9 to 10 inches between plants. Fertilizer was applied at planting (1750 lb/acre 10-20-20). The Admire 2F (in-furrow) treatment was applied at planting (24 May for this treatment only) using a CO2 compression sprayer at 20 psi with a 8004 flat fan nozzle delivering the insecticide into the seed furrow. The field was treated for weed control on 20 Jun with 0.75 lb/acre of Sencor DF. Fungicide, 1.5 lb/acre Pencozeb DF, was applied 23 Jun, 5, 25, 31 Jul, 1, and 11 Aug. Paraquat, 1 pt/acre, was applied 15 Sep as a vine killer. Plots were two rows wide and 50 ft in length, with 9 ft alleys separating plots and 6 ft alleys separating blocks. Treatments were arranged in a RCB design. Foliar treatments were initiated when the first generation larvae were increasing in the plots. Foliar applications were made 27 Jun, 11, 28 Jul, and 10 Aug. Cygon 4 E, 1 pt/acre, was added to the tank mix (TM) of Regent 80 WG (TM) and Cryolite 96, 11 Jul and 10 Aug to suppress PLH populations. Foliar treatments were applied with a tractor mounted drop nozzle boom sprayer delivering 50 gal/acre at 50 psi with three D-4 hollow cone nozzles/row. Number of eggs, small (instar 1-2), large (instar 3–4) larvae, and adults were counted and percent defoliation was visually estimated in five 1-m lengths of row per plot weekly. Leafhopper nymphs and aphids were sampled by visually inspecting 25 compound leaves per plot on each sampling date. Potatoes were harvested 10 Oct with all grading finished by 12 Oct.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control on Potatoes With Foliar Insecticide Sprays, 1995
Authors: Linduska James J. , Ross Marylee , Mulford Karen , Baumann Donna 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
‘Red Norland’ potatoes were planted in 20 foot rows on 29 Mar, ’95. Plots consisted of a single treatment row. The distance between rows was 64 inches and the distance between plants within the row was 10 inches. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. The soil was a Norfolk “A” loamy sand. All spray treatments were mixed in 1.5 gallons of water and applied with a custom built compressed air row crop sprayer. Each row was covered by 6 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/acre at 30 psi. Treatments were applied 23 May and 4 and 12 Jun. Trigard plots were sprayed with Asana XL 0.05 lb (AI)/ acre and PBO 8EC 0.375 (AI)/acre on 12 and 19 Jun. In evaluating the treatments, direct counts of the number of Colorado potato beetle adults, larvae, egg masses/10 plants and the % defoliation were recorded. Defoliation categories were assigned using a pretransformed defoliation rating scale, based on dividing 90° into 13 steps corresponding to arcsin transformation values (Little & Hills 1978). Yields were taken on 26 Jun from 20 feet of row.
Soil and Foliar Insecticides on Colorado Potato Beetles And Defoliation in Potato, 1995
Authors: Pavlista Alexander D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The trial was conducted at the Panhandle Research and Extension Ctr., Scottsbluff, NE, on a drained sandy loam with a pH of 7.5 and 1% organic matter. Fertilization was 150 lb N/acre, 100 lb P/acre, no potassium or sulfur. Plots were double rows spaced 36 inches and 40 feet long. Treatments were replicated five times in a latin square design. Precut, TOPS 2.5D-treated potatoes variety ‘Atlantic’ were planted on 12 May in soil at 45-50 deg F. Turbo was applied at emergence for weed suppression. Spring (Apr-Jun) was unusually wet and cold while Aug was unusually hot and dry. Irrigation was by a Lockwood Linear Move (overhead sprinkler) system applying ½ inch per week during tuber bulking. Thimet 20G and Admire 2F were applied in a band into the furrow prior to seedpiece drop. Foliar treatments, Asana XL and Provado 1.6F, were applied on 13 Jul (38 days after plant emergence) above canopy in 20 gal/acre. CPB population and defoliation were rated on a visual scale from 0 (no beetles) to 10 (totally covered with beetles), and 0 to 100%, respectively, by two people. Readings were taken at foliar treatment, 11, 18 and 25 DAT.
Control of Corn Wireworms in Potatoes, Spring, 1995
Authors: Seal D. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Certified seed pieces of ‘LaRouge’ potatoes were planted on raised beds of Perrine marl soil in Homestead, FL on 14 Feb. 1995. All cultural practices were as recommended. Plant spacing was 6 inch within the row and 3 ft between rows. Plants were fertilized with 1700 lb./acre with granular fertilizer (8:16:16) on two dates at planting and 2 wk after planting. Treatment plots were four rows X 25 ft arranged in RCB with four replications. The treatments evaluated for wireworm control were: 1) Admire (0.50 lb. [AI]/ acre; 2 & 3) two rates of Regent (0.20 & 0.10 lb. [AI]/acre; 4) Mocap (3.00 lb. [AI]/acre); and 5) a nontreated check. All treatments were compared with a nontreated check. Insecticide applications were made in 4 inch deep furrow 4 inches apart from the seed row two weeks after planting. Insecticides were evaluated by collecting all potatoes from the 19 feet areas at the center of two middle rows. Potato tubes were checked for wireworm feeding damage characterized as deep and shallow holes; and weighed.
Control of Silverleaf Whitefly in Squash, 1995
Authors: Seal D. R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Squash (‘Dixie’) was planted in Homestead on 25 March 1995. Plant spacing was 1 ft in the row and 3 ft between rows. Plants were fertilized with 1700 lb./acre with granular fertilizer (8:16:16) on two dates, at planting and 2 wk after planting. Plots were two rows, 25 ft. long. Five treatments were arranged in RCB with four replications. Drench applications of Admire were made by pouring 6 oz. of insecticide solution at the base of each plant 10 days after planting when all plants germinated. Foliar applications were made on three dates (6, 12 and 20 April) using a backpack sprayer with two nozzles per row at 40 psi. Spray volume was 50–70 gpa. Insecticides wert evaluated by collecting samples consisting of five matured leaves (one/plant) from the center of each treatment plot on each of three sampling dates 7 13 and 21 April. Numbers of whitefly adults were recorded on each sampling leaf by gently turning the leaves in the field. The leaves were then incised and transported to the laboratory to record numbers of eggs and nymphs on randomly selected three 1 sq. cm. areas of each leaf. Incidence of squash silverleaf was studied on each sampling date by counting the total numbers of plants with silverleaf symptom in each treatment plot.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, SPRING 1995
Authors: Schuster David J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Transplants were set 10 Mar, 18 inches apart on 8-inch-high beds of EauGallie fine sand covered with white polyethylene mulch. Each plot consisted of a single 15 ft row with rows on 5 ft centers. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a RCB design and were applied with a 2.5 gal, hand-held CO2-powered sprayer on 3, 10, 17, 24 Apr, 1, 8, 15, 22, 31 May, 6 and 12 June. The sprayer was operated at 60 psi and delivered 60 gpa for the first two applications, 90 gpa the next two applications, and 120 gpa for the remaining applications using a single nozzle fitted with a D-5 disk and #25 core. On 10 May and 19 June, the numbers of tomato pinworm leaf rolls were counted by two persons in a 2 min. whole plot search. On 10 May, the numbers of Liriomyza spp. leafmines were counted by two trained observers in a 1 minute whole plot search. Pinworm and leafminer damage counts of both persons were totalled. Fruit were harvested on 10 May, 1, and 15 June. The number and weight of undamaged fruit and the number and weight of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae and flower thrips (fruit with five or more oviposition dimples on the blossom end) were determined.
Control of Tomato Pinworm (Tpw) Keiferia Lycopersicella with Fermentation Product Insecticides, Spring 1995
Authors: Stansly P. A. , Conner J. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Greenhouse raised tomato seedings were planted on six blacksided plastic mulched beds 32” wide on 27 Feb at 18” spacing. Beds 240” long were fumigated with a 67/33% mixture of methyl bromide and chloropicrin at a rate of 2201b/acre and subsurface irrigated. Plants were sprayed weekly with an alternating combination of Maneb 80 WP at 1.5 lb/acre plus Kocide 101 at 2 lb/acre and Bravo 720 at 2 pt/acre for disease control. Imidacloprid (Admire® 2F) was applied on 2 Mar as a soil drench at a rate of 1 pt/acre to control whitefly. Four blocks of 3 beds each were divided into 9 plots 40 feet long and one row wide assigned to treatments in a RCB design with 4 replications and 9 treatments. Applications were made weekly beginning 14 Apr with a high-clearance, self-propelled sprayer operated at 2.5 mph and equipped with a diaphragm pump operating at 200 psi delivering spray from the side through Albuz@ “yellow” hollow cone nozzles, 8 per row delivering 98 gpa except for the first spray when 6 nozzles were employed to deliver 74 gpa. Latron CS-7 was tank mixed at 16 oz/100 gallon spray. Pheromone wing traps and baits supplied by AgriSense® were used to monitor TPW populations. Plants were evaluated twice by counting all live TPW larvae on one side of 8 plants per plot. Fruit was harvested from 10 plants per plot and marketable fruit graded on a commercial table with weights and numbers recorded and unmarketable fruit was evaluated for pinworm damage. Production was valued on a $12/$9/$7 market for extra-large, large, and medium fruit per 25 lb box.