bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutral Gas Outside the Disks of Local Group Galaxies
Authors: Lockman Felix J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOf the three kinds of neutral gas found outside the stellar disks of Local Group galaxies, only the products of interaction, like the Magellanic Stream, have a clearly understandable origin. Both the high-velocity clouds and the faint H I between M31 and M33 remain a mystery. New observations of the region between M31 and M33 with the Green Bank Telescope show that the H I there resides in clouds with a size and mass similar to that of dwarf galaxies, but without stars. These clouds might be products of an interaction, or condensations in the hot circumgalactic medium of M31, but both these models have difficulties. The prevalence of clouds like this in the Local Group remains to be determined.
Multilateral Study of the Andromeda Giant Stream: Implications for the progenitor, its MBH, and the M31 halo
Authors: Kirihara Takanobu , Miki Yohei , Mori Masao , Kawaguchi Toshihiro , Rich R. Michael 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn a series of papers, we have performed N-body simulations of a galaxy collision to reproduce the observed shape, kinematics, and metallicity distribution of a giant stellar stream and shell-like structures in the halo of Andromeda galaxy (M31).
z ~ 6 metal-line absorbers as a probe of galactic feedback models
Authors: Keating Laura C. , Puchwein Ewald , Haehnelt Martin G. , Bird Simeon , Bolton James S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObservations of metal absorption lines in the spectra of QSOs out to z > 6 are providing an important probe into the enrichment and ionization state of the intergalactic medium (IGM) at the tail end of reionization. Using simulations with four different feedback models, including the Illustris and Sherwood simulations, we investigate how the overall incidence rate and equivalent width distribution of metal-line absorbers varies with the galactic wind scheme. The low-ionization absorbers are reasonably insensitive to the feedback implementation, with all models reasonably close to the observed incidence rate of O i absorbers. However, all of our models struggle to reproduce the observations of C iv, which is probing overdensities close to the mean at z ~ 6, suggesting that the metals are not being transported out into the IGM efficiently enough in these simulations.
The assembly of stellar haloes in massive Early-Type Galaxies
Authors: Buitrago F. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMassive (Mstellar ⩾ 5×1010 M⊙) Early-Type Galaxies (ETGs) must build an outer stellar envelope over cosmic time in order to account for their remarkable size evolution. This is similar to what occurs to nearby Late-Type Galaxies (LTGs), which create their stellar haloes out of the debris of lower mass systems. We analysed the outer parts of massive ETGs at z < 1 by exploiting the Hubble Ultra Deep Field imaging. These galaxies store 10-30% of their stellar mass at distances 10 < R/kpc < 50, in contrast to the low percentages (< 5%) found for LTGs. We find evidence for a progressive outskirt development with redshift driven solely via merging.
The 2X-Hidisks of spiral galaxies
Authors: Koribalski Bärbel S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe outskirts of galaxies — especially the very extended Hidisks of galaxies — are strongly affected by their local environment. I highlight the giant 2X-Hidisks of nearby galaxies (M 83, NGC 3621, and NGC 1512), studied as part of the Local Volume HiSurvey (LVHIS), their kinematics and relation to XUV disks, signatures of tidal interactions and accretion events, theMHI-DHIrelation as well as the formation of tidal dwarf galaxies. - Using multi-wavelength data, I create 3D visualisations of the gas and stars in galaxies, with the shape of their warped disks obtained through kinematic modelling of their Hivelocity fields.
Jet-CO alignments in the environments high-z radio galaxies
Authors: Emonts Bjorn 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the outskirts of massive high-redshift radio galaxies, powerful radio-jets often interact with ambient warm Lyα-emitting gas. We present the discovery of luminous reservoirs of cold molecular gas in these environments, based on CO(1-0) observations with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The CO-emission is aligned with the radio jets, and found tens of kpc outside the host galaxy. These molecular gas reservoirs have CO luminosities in the range of those found in submm-galaxies (L'CO ~ 4-9 × 1010 K km/s pc2), but they lack any near-infrared counterpart in deep Spitzer imaging. These results suggest that jet-triggered feedback takes place in the circum-galactic environment of high-z radio galaxies. We prefer the interpretation that the CO-emitting gas is formed when the propagating jets enrich, shock and cool pre-existing dusty halo gas. We further argue that sensitive low-surface-brightness CO observations, using radio interferometers in very compact array-configurations, are essential to study the role of the cold molecular medium in the outskirts of massive high-z galaxies.
The Halos and Environments of Nearby Galaxies (HERON) Survey
Authors: Rich R. Michael , Brosch Noah , Bullock James , Burkert Andreas , Collins Michelle , de Groot Laura , Kennefick Julia , Koch Andreas , Longstaff Francis , Sales Laura 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe have used dedicated 0.7m telescopes in California and Israel to image the halos of ~ 200 galaxies in the Local Volume to 29 mag/sq arcsec, the sample mainly drawn from the 2MASS Large Galaxy Atlas (LGA). We supplement the LGA sample with dwarf galaxies and more distant giant ellipticals. Low surface brightness halos exceeding 50 kpc in diameter are found only in galaxies more luminous than L*, and classic interaction signatures are relatively infrequent. Halo diameter is correlated with total galaxy luminosity. Extended low surface brightness halos are present even in galaxies as faint as MV = - 18. Edge-on galaxies with boxy bulges tend to lack extended spheroidal halos, while those with large classical bulges exhibit extended round halos, supporting the notions that boxy or barlike bulges originate from disks. Most face-on spiral galaxies present features that appear to be irregular extensions of spiral arms, although rare cases show smooth boundaries with no sign of star formation. Although we serendipitously discovered a dwarf galaxy undergoing tidal disruption in the halo of NGC 4449, we found no comparable examples in our general survey. A search for similar examples in the Local Volume identified hcc087, a tidally disrupting dwarf galaxy in the Hercules Cluster, but we do not confirm an anomalously large half-light radius reported for the dwarf VCC 1661.
The Role of Local Instabilities in Fluid Invasion into Permeable Media
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Scholl Hagen , Brinkmann Martin , Michiel Marco Di , Scheel Mario , Herminghaus Stephan , Seemann Ralf 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWettability is an important factor which controls the displacement of immiscible fluids in permeable media, with far reaching implications for storage of CO2 in deep saline aquifers, fuel cells, oil recovery, and for the remediation of oil contaminated soils. Considering the paradigmatic case of random piles of spherical beads, fluid front morphologies emerging during slow immiscible displacement are investigated in real time by X-ray micro–tomography and quantitatively compared with model predictions. Controlled by the wettability of the bead matrix two distinct displacement patterns are found. A compact front morphology emerges if the invading fluid wets the beads while a fingered morphology is found for non–wetting invading fluids, causing the residual amount of defending fluid to differ by one order of magnitude. The corresponding crossover between these two regimes in terms of the advancing contact angle is governed by an interplay of wettability and pore geometry and can be predicted on the basis of a purely quasi–static consideration of local instabilities that control the progression of the invading interface.
Multistructure index characterization of heart rate and systolic blood pressure reveals precursory signs of syncope
Authors: Makowiec Danuta , Graff Beata , Struzik Zbigniew R. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractRecurrent syncope — abrupt loss of consciousness — can have a serious impact on patients’ quality of life, comparable with chronic illnesses. Vasovagal syncope (VVS) is a specific reflex syncope, in which an inappropriate reaction of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) plays a key role in the pathophysiology. In syncope diagnosis, an ideal diagnostic method should positively identify vasovagal sensitive patients, without the need to perform a specialised head-up tilt table (HUTT) test. We apply a novel methodology of multistructure index (MI) statistics for seamlessly evaluating the size spectrum of the asymmetry properties of magnitudes of neural reflexes responsible for maintaining the homeostatic dynamics of autonomic control. Simultaneous evaluation using the MI of the effects on heart rate and blood pressure involved in achieving homeostasis of contrasting properties of the dynamics of slow and fast neural regulation reveals a clear distinction between vasovagal patients and healthy subjects, who are/are not susceptible to spontaneous fainting. Remarkably, a healthy cardiovascular response to the HUTT test is indeed evident prior to the test, making the MI a robust novel indicator, clearly distinguishing the cardiovascular autonomic regulation of healthy people from that of vasovagal patients without the need to perform an actual HUTT test.
Gliding locomotion of manta rays, killer whales and swordfish near the water surface
Authors: Zhan Jie-Min , Gong Ye-Jun , Li Tian-Zeng 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe hydrodynamic performance of the locomotive near the water surface is impacted by its geometrical shape. For marine animals, their geometrical shape is naturally selective; thus, investigating gliding locomotion of marine animal under the water surface may be able to elucidate the influence of the geometrical shape. We investigate three marine animals with specific geometries: the killer whale is fusiform shaped; the manta ray is flat and broad-winged; and the swordfish is best streamlined. The numerical results are validated by the measured drag coefficients of the manta ray model in a towing tank. The friction drag of the three target models are very similar; the body shape affected form drag coefficient is order as swordfish < killer whale < manta ray; the induced wave breaking upon the body of the manta ray performs different to killer whale and swordfish. These bio-inspired observations provide a new and in-depth understanding of the shape effects on the hydrodynamic performances near the free surface.
Variants in the host genome may inhibit tumour growth in devil facial tumours: evidence from genome-wide association
Authors: Wright Belinda , Willet Cali E. , Hamede Rodrigo , Jones Menna , Belov Katherine , Wade Claire M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDevil facial tumour disease (DFTD) has decimated wild populations of Tasmanian devils (Sarcophilus harrisii) due to its ability to avoid immune detection and pass from host to host by biting. A small number of devils have been observed to spontaneously recover from the disease which is otherwise fatal. We have sequenced the genomes of these rare cases and compared them to the genomes of devils who succumbed to the disease. Genome-wide association, based on this limited sampling, highlighted two key genomic regions potentially associated with ability to survive DFTD. Following targeted genotyping in additional samples, both of these loci remain significantly different between cases and controls, with the PAX3 locus retaining significance at the 0.001 level, though genome-wide significance was not achieved. We propose that PAX3 may be involved in a regulatory pathway that influences the slowing of tumour growth and may allow more time for an immune response to be mounted in animals with regressed tumours. This provides an intriguing hypothesis for further research and could provide a novel route of treatment for this devastating disease.
Large-Scale Crustal-Block-Extrusion During Late Alpine Collision
Authors: Herwegh Marco , Berger Alfons , Baumberger Roland , Wehrens Philip , Kissling Edi 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe crustal-scale geometry of the European Alps has been explained by a classical subduction-scenario comprising thrust-and-fold-related compressional wedge tectonics and isostatic rebound. However, massive blocks of crystalline basement (External Crystalline Massifs) vertically disrupt the upper-crustal wedge. In the case of the Aar massif, top basement vertically rises for >12 km and peak metamorphic temperatures increase along an orogen-perpendicular direction from 250 °C–450 °C over horizontal distances of only <15 km (Innertkirchen-Grimselpass), suggesting exhumation of midcrustal rocks with increasing uplift component along steep vertical shear zones. Here we demonstrate that delamination of European lower crust during lithosphere mantle rollback migrates northward in time. Simultaneously, the Aar massif as giant upper crustal block extrudes by buoyancy forces, while substantial volumes of lower crust accumulate underneath. Buoyancy-driven deformation generates dense networks of steep reverse faults as major structures interconnected by secondary branches with normal fault component, dissecting the entire crust up to the surface. Owing to rollback fading, the component of vertical motion reduces and is replaced by a late stage of orogenic compression as manifest by north-directed thrusting. Buoyancy-driven vertical tectonics and modest late shortening, combined with surface erosion, result in typical topographic and metamorphic gradients, which might represent general indicators for final stages of continent-continent collisions.
MiR-2425-5p targets RAD9A and MYOG to regulate the proliferation and differentiation of bovine skeletal muscle-derived satellite cells
Authors: Tong Hui Li , Jiang Run Ying , Zhang Wei Wei , Yan Yun Qin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractOur group previously identified miR-2425-5p, a unique bovine miRNA; however, its biological function and regulation in muscle-derived satellite cells (MDSCs) remain unclear. Herein, stem-loop RT-PCR results showed that miR-2425-5p increased during MDSCs proliferation, but decreased during differentiation. Cell proliferation was examined using EdU assays, cyclin B1 (CCNB1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) western blot (WB) and flow cytometry analysis. These results showed that miR-2425-5p mimics (miR-2425-M) enhanced MDSCs proliferation, whereas, miR-2425-5p inhibitor (miR-2425-I) had opposite effect. Conversely, cell differentiation studies by desmin (DES) immunofluorescence, myotubes formation, and myosin heavy chain 3 (MYH3) WB analyses revealed that miR-2425-M and miR-2425-I blocked and promoted MDSCs differentiation, respectively. Moreover, luciferase reporter, RT-PCR, and WB assays showed that miR-2425-5p directly targeted the 3′-UTR of RAD9 homolog A (RAD9A) and myogenin (MYOG) to regulate their expression. Rescue experiment showed RAD9A inhibited the proliferation of MDSCs through miR-2425-5p. In addition, we found that miR-2425-5p expression was regulated by its host gene NCK associated protein 5-like (NCKAP5L) rather than being transcribed independently as a separate small RNA. Collectively, these data indicate that miR-2425-5p is a novel regulator of bovine MDSCs proliferation and differentiation and provides further insight into the biological functions of miRNA in this species.
Follistatin like-1 aggravates silica-induced mouse lung injury
Authors: Fang Yinshan , Zhang Si , Li Xiaohe , Jiang Fangxin , Ye Qiao , Ning Wen 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Occupational inhalation of dust, such as crystalline silica, for prolonged periods in the workplace leads to fibrotic lung diseases worldwide. The mechanisms underlying the diseases are unknown, so that no effective treatment exists for these conditions. We found elevated levels of follistatin like 1 (FSTL1) in serum from patients with silicosis and in lungs from silica-induced mouse model. The induced Fstl1 regulated inflammation response via activation of nod-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3v (NLRP3) inflammasome-mediated IL-1β production from macrophages. Meanwhile, Fstl1 promoted fibrosis via positive regulation of TGF-β1 signaling. Haploinsufficiency of Fstl1 or blockage of FSTL1 with a neutralizing antibody was protective from silica-induced lung injury in mice in vivo. Our data suggest that Fstl1 plays an important role in lung fibrosis, and may serve as a novel therapeutic target for treatment of silicosis.
Cross shelf benthic biodiversity patterns in the Southern Red Sea
Authors: Ellis Joanne , Anlauf Holger , Kürten Saskia , Lozano-Cortés Diego , Alsaffar Zahra , Cúrdia Joao , Jones Burton , Carvalho Susana 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe diversity of coral reef and soft sediment ecosystems in the Red Sea has to date received limited scientific attention. This study investigates changes in the community composition of both reef and macrobenthic communities along a cross shelf gradient. Coral reef assemblages differed significantly in species composition and structure with location and depth. Inner shelf reefs harbored less abundant and less diverse coral assemblages with higher percentage macroalgae cover. Nutrient availability and distance from the shoreline were significantly related to changes in coral composition and structure. This study also observed a clear inshore offshore pattern for soft sediment communities. In contrast to the coral reef patterns the highest diversity and abundance of soft sediment communities were recorded at the inshore sites, which were characterized by a higher number of opportunistic polychaete species and bivalves indicative of mild disturbance. Sediment grain size and nutrient enrichment were important variables explaining the variability. This study aims to contribute to our understanding of ecosystem processes and biodiversity in the Red Sea region in an area that also has the potential to provide insight into pressing topics, such as the capacity of reef systems and benthic macrofaunal organisms to adapt to global climate change.
Infrared broadband metasurface absorber for reducing the thermal mass of a microbolometer
Authors: Jung Joo-Yun , Song Kyungjun , Choi Jun-Hyuk , Lee Jihye , Choi Dae-Geun , Jeong Jun-Ho , Neikirk Dean P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe demonstrate an infrared broadband metasurface absorber that is suitable for increasing the response speed of a microbolometer by reducing its thermal mass. A large fraction of holes are made in a periodic pattern on a thin lossy metal layer characterised with a non-dispersive effective surface impedance. This can be used as a non-resonant metasurface that can be integrated with a Salisbury screen absorber to construct an absorbing membrane for a microbolometer that can significantly reduce the thermal mass while maintaining high infrared broadband absorption in the long wavelength infrared (LWIR) band. The non-dispersive effective surface impedance can be matched to the free space by optimising the surface resistance of the thin lossy metal layer depending on the size of the patterned holes by using a dc approximation method. In experiments a high broadband absorption was maintained even when the fill factor of the absorbing area was reduced to 28% (hole area: 72%), and it was theoretically maintained even when the fill factor of the absorbing area was reduced to 19% (hole area: 81%). Therefore, a metasurface with a non-dispersive effective surface impedance is a promising solution for reducing the thermal mass of infrared microbolometer pixels.
Earthquake-Related Changes in Species Spatial Niche Overlaps in Spring Communities
Authors: Fattorini Simone , Lombardo Paola , Fiasca Barbara , Di Cioccio Alessia , Di Lorenzo Tiziana , Galassi Diana M. P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractSpecies interactions between stygobites (obligate groundwater organisms) are poorly known, reflecting the difficulty in studying such organisms in their natural environments. Some insight can be gained from the study of the spatial variability in microcrustacean communities in groundwater-fed springs. Earthquakes can increase hydraulic conductivity in the recharge area of karstic aquifers and flow rates in discharge zones, thus dislodging stygobites from their original habitats to the spring outlets. Earthquakes are expected to alter species spatial niche overlap at the spring outlets, where stygobites coexist with non-stygobites living in benthic and subsurface habitats. We compared the abundance of stygobiotic and non-stygobiotic microcrustaceans in groundwater-fed springs before and after the 6.3-Mw earthquake that hit the karstic Gran Sasso Aquifer (Italy) in 2009. Pre-seismic (1997, 2005) overall niche overlaps were not different from null expectations, while post-seismic (2012) species mean niche overlaps were higher, following the redistribution of animals caused by the earthquake-triggered discharge. The reduced abundance of stygobites following their dislodgement from the aquifer and the concomitant displacement of non-stygobites led to a higher post-seismic co-occurrence of stygobites and non-stygobites. Changes in aquifer structure destroyed pre-seismic species segregation patterns by creating new or strengthening already existing interactions.
The lack of increases in circulating endothelial progenitor cell as a negative predictor for pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients
Authors: Tanaka Sunao , Ueno Takayuki , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Morita Satoshi , Toi Masakazu 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCirculating endothelial progenitor cells are a potential surrogate marker for angiogenesis. Little is known about the alteration of circulating endothelial progenitor cell counts during neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Our goal was to reveal the alteration in CEP counts in association with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer. We measured the number of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (CD31+CD34+CD133+CD45dim) by four-color flow cytometry using blood samples from 57 patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil + epirubicin + cyclophosphamide (FEC), docetaxel + cyclophosphamide (TC), cisplatin + docetaxel (TP)). There was no significant difference in the baseline circulating endothelial progenitor cell counts with respect to the clinical and pathological background factors. Circulating endothelial progenitor cell counts increased after the initiation of chemotherapy (pre-1st vs. pre-2nd cycle, p = 0.0035; pre-1st vs. pre-4th cycle, p = 0.047). An increase of circulating endothelial progenitor cell counts from pre-1st to pre-2nd cycle was associated with pCR (p = 0.013 for χ2 test). A multivariate analysis, including subtype, and clinical response showed that the lack of circulating endothelial progenitor cell increases from pre-1st to pre-2nd cycle was an independent negative predictor of pCR (p = 0.002). Our data suggest that alterations in circulating endothelial progenitor cell counts are associated with treatment response. The circulating endothelial progenitor cell count could be a useful biomarker for monitoring chemotherapeutic response.