bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Brief Report: L-Selectin (CD62L) Is Downregulated on CD4+ and CD8+ T Lymphocytes of HIV-1–Infected Individuals Naive for ART
Authors: Vassena Lia , Giuliani Erica , Buonomini Anna R. , Malagnino Vincenzo , Andreoni Massimo , Doria Margherita 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
The expression of L-selectin (CD62L) in HIV-1 infection has not been extensively investigated. Here, we measured CD62L expression on T-cell subsets of HIV-1–infected individuals naive for antiretroviral therapy (ART-naive) or receiving therapy (ART), and seronegative control subjects (HIV-neg). We found reduced frequencies of CD62L+ cells among CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from ART-naive as compared with ART and HIV-neg groups, particularly within naive and central memory subsets. CD62L expression on T cells inversely correlated with viral load and rapidly increased after ART initiation. Plasma sCD62L levels did not correlate with CD62L expression, being higher in all HIV-1–infected individuals as compared with HIV-neg subjects. Finally, CD62L downregulation was found associated with the expression of the CD38 activation marker in CD8+ T cells, but not in CD4+ T cells. We suggest that CD62L downregulation due to unconstrained HIV-1 replication may have important consequences for T-cell circulation and function and for disease progression.
Rapid Construction of a Whole-genome Transposon Insertion Collection forShewanella oneidensisby Knockout Sudoku
Authors: Baym Michael , Shaket Lev , Anzai Isao A. , Adesina Oluwakemi , Barstow Buz 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWhole-genome knockout collections are invaluable for connecting gene sequence to function, yet traditionally they have needed an extraordinary technical effort to construct. Knockout Sudoku is a new method for directing the construction and purification of a curated whole-genome collection of singlegene disruption mutants generated by transposon mutagenesis. Using a simple combinatorial pooling scheme, a highly oversampled collection of transposon mutants can be condensed into a next-generation sequencing library in a single day. The identities of the mutants in the collection are then solved by a predictive algorithm based on Bayesian inference, allowing for rapid curation and validation. Starting from a progenitor collection of 39,918 transposon mutants, we compiled a quality-controlled knockout collection of the electroactive microbeShewanella oneidensisMR–1 containing representatives for 3,667 genes. High-throughput kinetic measurements on this collection provide a comprehensive view of multiple extracellular electron transfer pathways operating in parallel.
Hashtags and handshakes: consumer motives and platform use in brand-consumer interactions
Authors: Hamilton Mitchell , Kaltcheva Velitchka D. , Rohm Andrew J. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The current increase in social media activity related to brand–consumer interactions is progressively influencing the manner in which brands and their customers communicate. Whereas this attention to social media is warranted, researchers and brand managers must also recognize that consumers connect and engage with brands across other communication platforms as well. Accordingly, this study aims to examine brand–consumer interactions taking place across social, online and physical platforms, as well as consumer motives for initiating these brand interactions across various platforms.

Design/methodology/approach
– A mixed-method approach integrating quantitative and qualitative data was used. We administered a written diary to 102 individuals over a two-month period, in which study participants recorded their motivations and platform use in their interactions with a brand. We evaluated latent-class mixture models for complex data and multi-level latent-class mixture models to identify classes of interactions based on participants’ motivations and platform use as well as customer segments based on the identified motives-by-platform classes.

Findings
– The findings reveal ten categories of motives for interacting with brands, including promotions and incentives, timely information, product information, engagement, browsing, purchase, customer service, branded content, entertainment, and personalization/exclusivity. Furthermore, six motives-by-platform interaction classes are identified. The findings suggest three consumer segments differentiated by their motives-by-platform profiles.

Research limitations/implications
– This study adds to past research investigating the motives behind brand–consumer interactions in social media by investigating both social media and non-social media-related interactions, and offering a typology of interaction profiles that considers interaction motives and platform preferences.

Practical implications
– This study illustrates that consumers are driven to interact with brands based upon the ten motive categories. These motives, in turn, are associated with different platform uses. Thus, it is important for brands to adopt ambidexterity across multiple communication platforms.

Originality/value
– This research adds to the understanding of brand–consumer interactions conducted on online and offline communication platforms.
Corporate governance changes, firm strategy and compensation mechanisms in a privatization context
Authors: Cuevas-Rodriguez Gloria , Guerrero-Villegas Jaime , Valle-Cabrera Ramón 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyze certain organizational changes that occur after privatization. More specifically, the authors analyze from an agency theory perspective how changes at the corporate governance level (ownership type/structure and board of directors) influence firm strategy, and what implications these issues have for the design of compensation mechanisms.Design/methodology/approach– The methodology employed in the study can be described as a longitudinal multiple case study approach. A multiple case study enables the comparison of pre- and post-privatization periods in five Spanish companies. This methodology is especially suitable to track the organizational changes occurring in relation to the firms’ internal management.Findings– First, the variables that traditionally relate to greater board independence in monitoring do not suffer from variation after privatization. Second, the interests of the firms’ new ownership have an impact on firm strategy after privatization. Finally, compensation system design clearly aligns with firm strategy after privatization.Research limitations/implications– The research is based on a multiple case study approach, which limits the scope and generalizability of the findings.Originality/value– Whereas research in privatization generally adopts a macroeconomic or political perspective, organizational and managerial implications are current aspects in need of further examination. This research offers a study that integrates three sets of variables (corporate governance, strategy and compensation) that have been rarely analyzed in this context.
Do new ventures benefit from strategic change or persistence? A behavioral perspective
Authors: Batra Safal 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Is change always the best alternative? While large and established firms are believed to benefit from strategic flexibility and change, the purpose of this paper is to argue and empirically prove that firms in emerging economies need to persist with their strategies during their formative years in order to acquire sustainable competitive advantage. The author explores these relationships from a behavioral perspective.Design/methodology/approach– Data were collected from 103 Indian new ventures. Multiple linear regression analysis was applied to test the hypotheses.Findings– The findings reveal that persisting with the existing strategies is the most optimal way of surviving and growing in the initial years of a venture operating in the turbulent business environments of emerging economies. Radical shifts in strategic postures can, indeed, be fatal for new firms.Research limitations/implications– The findings are based on data from one emerging economy. Further exploration of these relationships in other setups can help in better understanding of the execution of strategic persistence and change.Practical implications– Given the frequent changes in the business environment and resource-scarcity of new ventures in emerging economies, firms that persist with their strategies during the formative years are more likely to succeed.Originality/value– Limited attempt has been made to integrate strategic and behavioral perspectives in the change literature. In this study, the author brings in the contingent role of founder’s personality to better understand the possible contingencies in the strategic change literature.
Impact of change readiness on commitment to technological change, focal, and discretionary behaviors
Authors: Adil Muhammad Shahnawaz 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Commitment to change (C2C), focal and discretionary behaviors are under-researched areas in the context of developing countries such as Pakistan. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the impact of change readiness on employee’s C2C, focal and discretionary behaviors when controlling for gender, qualification, experience, and marital status. In addition, the goal of this study is to determine whether the three-component model of Herscovitch and Meyer (2002) may also be applied in the private manufacturing companies of Karachi (Pakistan).Design/methodology/approach– A sample of 205 fulltime employees having administrative and managerial responsibilities in the manufacturing operations is drawn from the manufacturing companies of Karachi undergoing major technological change. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses are used to evaluate the reliability and validity of the measurement model. Besides, hypotheses are tested using structural equation modeling in AMOS version 22.Findings– The standardized estimates of SEM revealed a very good model fit between the structural model and the sample drawn using different modification indices. The results show that appropriateness has significant positive impact on affective C2C and negative impact on continuance C2C when controlling for gender, qualification, and experience. Moreover, affective C2C has significant positive impact on compliance behavior. However, the continuance C2C has significant negative impact and normative C2C has significant positive impact on cooperation when controlling for marital status. The findings may be generalized on other private manufacturing organizations of Karachi.Originality/value– This study is one of the first to empirically establish a relationship among change readiness, C2C and active/passive change-related behaviors in the private manufacturing companies of Pakistan. One of the important theoretical contributions of the study is that the three-component model which has been empirically tested in various socio-economic settings in the Western context and in a Pakistani public sector organization may also be employed in the private manufacturing organizations of Pakistan. In particular, with respect to research instrument of “readiness for change” scale, it is also argued that the scale of the fourth dimension (i.e. personally beneficial) needs major revision by adding five to seven Likert-scale items having good content validity and high internal consistency of the measuring scale in the Pakistani context.
Effect of intellectual capital on dynamic capabilities
Authors: Singh Bindu , Rao M K 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of intellectual capital (human, social and organizational capital) on dynamic capabilities (learning, integration, reconfiguration and alliance management).

Design/methodology/approach
– A methodical review of relevant literature and the theory of resource-based view, knowledge-based view and dynamic capability view serves as a starting-point to develop a framework for linking intellectual capital with dynamic capabilities. A total of 241 managers from the public sector banks in India was selected as sample of study and structural equation modelling was applied to provide strong evidence for the hypothesis.

Findings
– The study established a strong effect of intellectual capital dimensions on dynamic capabilities in the surveyed banking firms. Human and social capital had the most profound effect on learning, integration, reconfiguration and alliance management capabilities. As regards to organizational capital, an unexpected negative effect on reconfiguration and alliance management capabilities was observed.

Originality/value
– The study clarifies the role of knowledge for various capability developments. One of the significant contributions is with reference to the linkages of structural aspects of knowledge and dynamic capabilities, a link that can barely be seen in the existing literature. To the author’s knowledge the present study makes a preliminary effort to broaden the concepts appeal in new geographical boundaries and empirical context, thus making an original contribution to the Indian banking industry and strategic management literature, significantly.
A formal definition of Big Data based on its essential features
Authors: De Mauro Andrea , Greco Marco , Grimaldi Michele 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to identify and describe the most prominent research areas connected with “Big Data” and propose a thorough definition of the term.

Design/methodology/approach
– The authors have analysed a conspicuous corpus of industry and academia articles linked with Big Data to find commonalities among the topics they treated. The authors have also compiled a survey of existing definitions with a view of generating a more solid one that encompasses most of the work happening in the field.

Findings
– The main themes of Big Data are: information, technology, methods and impact. The authors propose a new definition for the term that reads as follows: “Big Data is the Information asset characterized by such a High Volume, Velocity and Variety to require specific Technology and Analytical Methods for its transformation into Value.”

Practical implications
– The formal definition that is proposed can enable a more coherent development of the concept of Big Data, as it solely relies on the essential strands of current state-of-the-art and is coherent with the most popular definitions currently used.

Originality/value
– This is among the first structured attempts of building a convincing definition of Big Data. It also contains an original exploration of the topic in connection with library management.
Camel milk: alternative milk for human consumption and its health benefits
Authors: Kumar Devendra , Verma Akhilesh  K. , Chatli Manish Kumar , Singh Raghvendar , Kumar Pavan , Mehta Nitin , Malav Om Prakash 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
– Camel as a livestock plays an important role in desert ecosystem and its milk has potential contribution in human nutrition in the hot and arid regions of the world. This milk contains all the essential nutrients as found in other milk. Fresh and fermented camel milk has been used in different regions in the world including India, Russia and Sudan for human consumption as well as for treatment of a series of diseases such as dropsy, jaundice, tuberculosis, asthma and leishmaniasis or kala-azar. The present paper aims to explore the possibility of camel milk as an alternative milk for human consumption.

Design/methodology/approach
– Recently, camel milk and its components were also reported to have other potential therapeutic properties, such as anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and renoprotective potential; and for autism, and has been recommended to be consumed by children who are allergic to bovine milk.

Findings
– It has also been reported to alleviate oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in rats. Camel milk differs from bovine milk in composition. It contains low total solids and fat; however, proteins and lactose are in equal amount but of higher quality than cow milk. Because of the high percentage of β-casein, low percentage of α-casein, deficiency of β-lactoglobulin and similarity of the immunoglobulins, it become safer for persons who are allergic to bovine milk. It contains protective proteins in higher amount which contributes to its functionality. The fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis of camel protein produce different types of bioactive peptides which exerts different activity in in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Originality/value
– Because of its unique quality and functionality, this milk has potential application in management of different diseases and application in food industries.
Analysis of dietary minerals in selected seeds and nuts by using ICP-OES and assessment based on the recommended daily intakes
Authors: Gülfen Mustafa , Özdemir Abdil 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Seeds and nuts include many dietary minerals as well as trace metals. It is very important to determine the nutritional mineral values in seeds and nuts. Many minerals can be analyzed simultaneously in low concentrations by using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. This paper aims to evaluate nutritional values of dietary and trace minerals in selected seeds and nuts.Design/methodology/approach– Dietary minerals in the sunflower seed (Helianthus annuus), pumpkin seed (Cucurbita pepoL.), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and corn (Zea maysL.) samples collected from the markets in Sakarya city of Turkey have been analyzed. Two digestion procedures were applied by using hydrochloric acid solution and the mixture of nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide solution.Findings– In the evaluation of the mineral contributions of the nuts, the micro-mineral contributions (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn and Se) were found at higher values than the macro-minerals (Ca, Mg, K and Na). Potassium was determined as the most abundant mineral, and sodium was found at lower levels. The results showed that nuts are trace mineral suppliers and possible Na-K regulator foods in human nutrition.Social/implications– The obtained results for the mineral profile and daily intake values provide useful information that could sensitize the people on the consumption of seeds and nuts.Originality/value– Findings from the digestion procedures and the assessments based on the recommended daily intakes have got valuable impact.
Leaf photosynthetic, economics and hydraulic traits are decoupled among genotypes of a widespread species of eucalypt grown under ambient and elevatedCO2
Authors: Blackman Chris J. , Aspinwall Michael J. , Resco de Dios Víctor , Smith Renee A. , Tissue David T. 
Published: March 2016

SummaryLeaf economics and hydraulic traits strongly influence photosynthesis. While the level of coordination among these traits can differ between sets of species, leaf functional trait coordination within species remains poorly understood. Furthermore, elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO2commonly influence the expression of leaf photosynthetic, economics and hydraulic traits in contrasting ways, yet the effect of variable concentrations of atmospheric CO2on patterns of trait coordination within species remains largely untested.We examined the relationships among key leaf photosynthetic (e.g. net photosynthesis and photosynthetic biochemistry), economics and water‐use (e.g. leaf mass per unit area and stomatal conductance) and hydraulic traits (e.g. vein density) in 14 genotypes ofEucalyptus camaldulensisgrown in ambient (aCO2) and elevated (eCO2) [CO2]. We examined the level of coordination among leaf traits in aCO2and then assessed whether growth in eCO2altered that coordination.We found that leaf traits related to photosynthetic capacity, economics and water‐use, and hydraulics were decoupled among genotypes grown in aCO2, yet strong relationships were generally observed among suites of traits within each ‘functional group’.Significant responses to growth in eCO2were observed for most leaf photosynthetic and economics and water‐use traits, with the magnitude and direction of the response varying among traits. In contrast, leaf hydraulics traits were unaffected by variable growth CO2. Despite this, growth in eCO2did not substantially alter patterns of leaf trait coordination observed in aCO2.These results suggest suites of leaf traits associated with photosynthetic capacity, economics and water‐use and hydraulics, respectively, can form independent axes of variation among genotypes of a single species, regardless of growth CO2. Although growth in eCO2did not substantially alter patterns of trait coordination, decoupling of leaf functional traits among genotypes may allow genetically distinct populations to produce novel combinations of traits that may be adaptive in response to changes in their local environment.
Patterns of mammalian population decline inform conservation action
Authors: Di Fonzo Martina M. I. , Collen Ben , Chauvenet Aliénor L. M. , Mace Georgina M. 
Published: March 2016

Summary

Evaluations of wildlife population dynamics have the potential to convey valuable information on the type of pressure affecting a population and could help predict future changes in the population's trajectory. Greater understanding of different patterns of population declines could provide a useful mechanism for assessing decline severity in the wild and identifying those populations that are more likely to exhibit severe declines.

We identified 93 incidences of decline within 75 populations of mammalian species using a time‐series analysis method. These included linear, quadratic convex (accelerating) declines, exponential concave (decelerating) declines and quadratic concave declines (representing recovering populations). Excluding linear declines left a data set of 85 declines to model the relationship between each decline‐curve type and a range of biological, anthropogenic and time‐series descriptor explanatory variables.

None of the decline‐curve types were spatially or phylogenetically clustered. The only characteristic that could be consistently associated with any curve type was the time at which they were more likely to occur within a time series. Quadratic convex declines were more likely to occur at the start of the time series, while recovering curve shapes (quadratic concave declines) were more likely at the end of the time series.

Synthesis and applications. The ability to link certain factors with specific decline dynamics across a number of mammalian populations is useful for management purposes as it provides decision‐makers with potential triggers upon which to base their conservation actions. We propose that the identification of quadratic convex declines could be used as an early‐warning signal of potentially severe decline dynamics. For such a population, increased population monitoring effort should be deployed to diagnose the cause of its decline and avert possible extinctions. Conversely, the presence of a quadratic concave decline suggests that the population has already undergone a period of serious decline but is now in the process of recovery. Such populations will require different types of conservation actions, focussing on enhancing their chances of recovery.