bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis of Bacterial 16S rDNA and Diatom Test for Diagnosis of Drowning
Authors: Idota Nozomi , Tsuboi Hajime , Takaso Marin , Tojo Misa , Kinebuchi Takako , Nakamura Mami , Ichioka Hiroaki , Shintani‐Ishida Kaori , Ikegaya Hiroshi 
Published: August 2017

AbstractWhen a body is discovered in water, it is difficult to conclude whether the cause of death was drowning, even today. Although diatom testing by the digestive method is classical, we hypothesized that aquatic bacteria, as well as diatoms, might be detected in drowned bodies, and conducted temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE)‐targeting 16S rDNA. DNA was extracted from the site water, and from heart blood and liver samples from 27 bodies concluded as drowning deaths by autopsy and subjected to TGGE after amplification of 16S rDNA by polymerase chain reaction. We observed whether the feature point of each 16S rDNA from the site water and blood or liver samples matched. Considerably higher correspondence was observed in drowned bodies, and the rate was higher than that achieved with the digestive method. Moreover, TGGE is safer than the digestive method. Our study suggests that this method can aid diagnosis of drowning.
Adolescent presentations to an adult hospital emergency department
Authors: Noori Omar , Batra Shweta , Shetty Amith , Steinbeck Katharine 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveAge‐related policies allow adolescents to access paediatric and adult EDs. Anecdotally, paediatric and adult EDs report challenges when caring for older and younger adolescents, respectively. Our aim was to describe the characteristics of an adolescent population attending an adult ED, co‐located with a tertiary paediatric ED.MethodsThe Westmead Hospital ED database was accessed for 14.5–17.9 years old presentations between January 2010 and December 2012. Patient diagnosis coding (SNOMED) was converted to ICD‐10. De‐identified data were transferred into Microsoft Excel with analysis performed using spss V22.ResultsThere were 5718 presentations made to the Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia ED by 4450 patients, representing 3.3% (95% CI 3.2–3.4) of total visits from all patients 14.5 years and above. The mean age of the sample was 16.6 years (male 51.8%). Presentations triaged as level 4 or 5 represented 61.0% (95% CI 58.7–61.3) of visits. The proportion of patients who did not wait to receive care was 13.8% (95% CI 12.9–14.7), which was significantly higher than adult rates (P < 0.01). There were 279 unscheduled return visits (visits made <72 h of discharge) representing 4.9% (95% CI 4.4–5.8) of all presentations. Injury was the most common diagnosis (30.2%, 95% CI 28.8–31.6). Chronic physical illness and alcohol‐related visits comprised 2.1% (95% CI 1.7–2.5) and 0.8% (95% CI 0.6–1.0) of adolescent presentations, respectively.ConclusionContrary to reported staff perceptions, adolescent chronic physical illness presentations were not a major burden. Alcohol was likely under‐recorded as a contributing factor to presentations.
Birmingham vasculitis activity score of more than 9.5 at diagnosis is an independent predictor of refractory disease in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Yoo Juyoung , Kim Ho Jae , Jung Seung Min , Song Jason Jungsik , Park Yong‐Beom , Lee Sang‐Won 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimWe investigated whether clinical manifestations, anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs), Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) for granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and five factor score (FFS) at diagnosis can predict relapse or refractory disease in 30 histology‐proven GPA patients with follow‐up duration ≥ 12 weeks.MethodsWe reviewed the medical records of 30 GPA patients. We collected clinical data, ANCAs, BVAS for GPA, FFSs at diagnosis, and we compared variables between the two groups based on relapse or refractory disease. The optimal cut‐offs were extrapolated. Multivariate logistic regression and Cox hazard model analyses were conducted to identify predictors of refractory disease.ResultsThe mean age and follow‐up duration of patients were 63.3 years old and 45.2 months. The mean initial BVAS for GPA, FFS (1996) and FFS (2009) were 5.4, 0.6 and 1.0. There were no significant predictors of relapse. The mean BVAS for GPA, FFS (1996) and FFS (2009) of patients with refractory disease were higher than those without (P < 0.05 for all). Patients having BVAS for GPA ≥ 9.5, FFS (1996) ≥ 2 and FFS (2009) ≥ 2 exhibited significantly enhanced risk of refractory disease than those without (relative risk 23.0, 11.0, and 55.0, respectively), and low cumulative refractory disease‐free survival rates. Multivariate Cox hazard model analysis proved BVAS for GPA ≥ 9.5 was an independent predictor of refractory disease during the follow‐up duration (odds ratio 12.892).ConclusionBVAS for GPA ≥ 9.5 was an independent predictor of refractory disease during follow‐up duration ≥ 12 weeks.
Overexpression of NRF2 is correlated with prognoses of patients with malignancies: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Guo Yangyang , Shen Luyan 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundPrevious published research has demonstrated that NRF2 expression is a poor prognostic factor for many malignancies. However, because of the small sample enrolled in a single study, it is difficult to draw valuable conclusions. Therefore, we hypothesized that NRF2 overexpression in cancer tissues may be associated with the prognoses of patients with solid malignancies, and conducted a systemic review and meta‐analysis.MethodsA comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, and Ovid databases for relevant studies regarding the role of NRF2 expression in solid malignancies was conducted. Hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were extracted from these studies to provide pooled estimates of the effect of NRF2 expression on patients’ overall and disease‐free survival.ResultsNine studies met the criteria for analysis. Statistical analysis demonstrated that compared to patients with low NRF2 expression, patients with overexpression of NRF2 had poorer overall survival (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.57–2.56; P < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (HR 3.25, 95% CI 1.29–8.15; P = 0.025).ConclusionPublished evidence of the role of NRF2 expression in survival of cancer patients is limited. This analysis supports the view that NRF2 overexpression is a poor prognostic factor for solid malignancies, thus optimizing treatment for patients with NRF2 overexpression may improve their overall survival.
Annual variation of oilseed rape habitat quality and role of grassy field margins for seed eating carabids in arable mosaics
Authors: Labruyere Sarah , Petit Sandrine , Ricci Benoit 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Promoting the weed seed predation service by carabids requires an understanding of the spatio‐temporal distribution of carabid species during the cropping season.
In the present study, we analyzed the spatio‐temporal dynamics of three abundant seed‐eating carabid species in oilseed rape (OSR) and its adjacent habitat (cereal crop or grassy field margin) with four indicators: activity density, nutritional state, the use of the interface with the adjacent habitat, and the proportion of carabids leaving OSR.
The activity density and nutritional state of Poecilus cupreus decreased after harvest, comprising a period related to a decrease of resource availability and the end of life cycle. We detected a tendency of movement from OSR to the adjacent habitat after harvest for Amara similata, although this was not as strong as expected. The presence of grassy field margins influenced the spatio‐temporal dynamics of Pseudoophonus rufipes and A. similata, suggesting that spillover processes exist for these two species but not for P. cupreus.
Monitoring four complementary indicators gave a more thorough understanding of the perception of local and adjacent habitats by carabids, which is a prerequisite for the identification of landscape configurations that enhance the activity density of these natural enemies within crops.
General surgery primary operator rates: a guide to achieving future competency
Authors: Law Cameron , Hong Jonathan , Storey David , Young Christopher J. 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundCompetency in surgical training is a topic of much recent discussion, with concern regarding the adequacy of current training schemes to achieve competency. Most programmes use caseload and primary operator rates to assess trainee progression. Some trainees still lack technical competence even when recommended procedural numbers are met. It is possible that current measures of individual's capabilities used in surgical education are outdated.MethodsLogbook data of New South Wales general surgical trainees between 2010 and 2012 was obtained through General Surgeons Australia. The top 10 most common operations recorded in trainee logbooks were identified. Individual trainee data were grouped by the surgical education and training year and primary operator versus assistant experience. The data were analysed focusing on the primary operator rate, comparing between trainee levels to identify progression.ResultsA total of 183 319 operations were recorded in New South Wales general surgery trainee logbooks. A positive association was demonstrated between trainee seniority and primary operator rates for the most common procedures, indicating trainee's continual progression in experience as they advance. However, laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, oversew of gastroduodenal ulcer, open cholecystectomy and right hemicolectomy showed poor primary operator rates among trainees regardless of trainee year, despite these operations being among the 10 most common.ConclusionGeneral surgical trainees accumulate operative experience with progression through the surgical education and training programme, highlighting expected technical progression and competency of trainees for common procedures. For less common or more complicated procedures, the use of entrustable professional activities and accompanying simulation training could be used to achieve the necessary technical expertise.
An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Employee Ownership and Employment Stability in the US: 1999–2011
Authors: Kurtulus Fidan Ana , Kruse Douglas 
Published: August 2017

AbstractDo firms with employee ownership (EO) programs exhibit greater employment stability in the face of economic downturns? In particular, are firms with EO programs less likely to lay off workers during negative shocks? In this article, we examine the relationship between EO programs and employment stability in the United States using longitudinal Form 5500‐CompuStat matched data on the universe of publicly traded companies during 1999–2011. We examine how firms with EO programs weathered the recessions of 2001 and 2008 in terms of employment stability relative to firms without EO programs, and also whether such firms were less likely to lay off workers when faced with negative shocks more broadly. In our econometric analyses, we use a rich array of measures of EO at firms, including the presence of EO stock in pension plans, the presence of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs), the value of EO stock per employee, the share of the firm owned by employees, the share of workers at the firm participating in EO and the share of workers at the firm participating in ESOPs. We also consider both economy‐wide negative shock measures (increases in the unemployment rate, declines in the employment‐to‐population ratio) and firm‐specific negative shock measures (declines in firm sales, declines in firm stock price). Our results indicate that EO firms exhibit greater employment stability in the face of economy‐wide and firm‐specific negative shocks.
Cardioprotective effects of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural mediated by inhibition of L‐type Ca2+ currents
Authors: Wölkart G , Schrammel A , Koyani C N , Scherübel S , Zorn‐Pauly K , Malle E , Pelzmann B , Andrä M , Ortner A , Mayer B 
Published: August 2017

Background and PurposeThe antioxidant 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (5‐HMF) exerts documented beneficial effects in several experimental pathologies and is currently tested as an antisickling drug in clinical trials. In the present study, we examined the cardiovascular effects of 5‐HMF and elucidated the mode of action of the drug.Experimental ApproachThe cardiovascular effects of 5‐HMF were studied with pre‐contracted porcine coronary arteries and rat isolated normoxic‐perfused hearts. Isolated hearts subjected to ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury were used to test for potential cardioprotective effects of the drug. The effects of 5‐HMF on action potential and L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) were studied by patch‐clamping guinea pig isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes.Key Results5‐HMF relaxed coronary arteries in a concentration‐dependent manner and exerted negative inotropic, lusitropic and chronotropic effects in rat isolated perfused hearts. On the other hand, 5‐HMF improved recovery of inotropic and lusitropic parameters in isolated hearts subjected to I/R. Patch clamp experiments revealed that 5‐HMF inhibits L‐type Ca2+ channels. Reduced ICa,L density, shift of ICa,L steady‐state inactivation curves toward negative membrane potentials and slower recovery of ICa,L from inactivation in response to 5‐HMF accounted for the observed cardiovascular effects.Conclusions and ImplicationsOur data revealed a cardioprotective effect of 5‐HMF in I/R that is mediated by inhibition of L‐type Ca2+ channels. Thus, 5‐HMF is suggested as a beneficial additive to cardioplegic solutions, but adverse effects and contraindications of Ca2+ channel blockers have to be considered in therapeutic application of the drug.
Does Temperament Underlie Infant Novel Food Responses?: Continuity of Approach–Withdrawal From 6 to 18 Months
Authors: Moding Kameron J. , Stifter Cynthia A. 
Published: August 2017

This study investigated whether temperamental approach–withdrawal underlies infants' responses to novel foods. Data were drawn from a longitudinal study of mother–infant dyads (n = 136). Approach–withdrawal responses to novel foods and novel toys were coded when infants were 6 and 12 months of age. When infants were 18 months of age, approach–withdrawal behaviors, positive affect, and negative affect were used in a latent profile analysis to identify groups of toddlers who exhibited similar responses to novelty. As predicted, novel food and novel toy responses were concurrently associated at 12 months and followed a similar developmental pattern across the 1st year. Furthermore, novel food acceptance at 12 months of age, but not 6 months, predicted greater toddler approach.
Managing conflicts between economic activities and threatened migratory marine species toward creating a multiobjective blue economy
Authors: Harris Linda R. , Nel Ronel , Oosthuizen Herman , Meÿer Mike , Kotze Deon , Anders Darrell , McCue Steven , Bachoo Santosh 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHarnessing the economic potential of the oceans is key to combating poverty, enhancing food security, and strengthening economies. But the concomitant risk of intensified resource extraction to migratory species is worrying given these species contribute to important ecological processes, often underpin alternative livelihoods, and are mostly already threatened. We thus sought to quantify the potential conflict between key economic activities (5 fisheries and hydrocarbon exploitation) and sea turtle migration corridors in a region with rapid economic development: southern and eastern Africa. We satellite tracked the movement of 20 loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and 14 leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) turtles during their postnesting migrations. We used movement‐based kernel density estimation to identify migration corridors for each species. We overlaid these corridors on maps of the distribution and intensity of economic activities, quantified the extent of overlap and threat posed by each activity on each species, and compared the effects of activities. These results were compared with annual bycatch rates in the respective fisheries. Both species’ 3 corridors overlapped most with longline fishing, but the effect was worse for leatherbacks: their bycatch rates of approximately 1500/year were substantial relative to the regional population size of <100 nesting females/annum. This bycatch rate is likely slowing population growth. Artisanal fisheries may be of greater concern for loggerheads than for leatherbacks, but the population appears to be withstanding the high bycatch rates because it is increasing exponentially. The hydrocarbon industry currently has a moderately low impact on both species, but mining in key areas (e.g., Southern Mozambique) may undermine >50 years of conservation, potentially affecting >80% of loggerheads, 33% of the (critically endangered) leatherbacks, and their nesting beaches. We support establishing blue economies (i.e., generating wealth from the ocean), but oceans need to be carefully zoned and responsibly managed in both space and time to achieve economic (resource extraction), ecological (conservation, maintenance of processes), and social (maintenance of alternative livelihood opportunities, alleviate poverty) objectives.
Major shifts in Amazon wildlife populations from recent intensification of floods and drought
Authors: Bodmer Richard , Mayor Pedro , Antunez Miguel , Chota Kimberlyn , Fang Tula , Puertas Pablo , Pittet Marlini , Kirkland Maire , Walkey Mike , Rios Claudia , Perez‐Peña Pedro , Henderson Peter , Bodmer William , Bicerra Andy , Zegarra Joseph , Docherty Emma 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn the western Amazon Basin, recent intensification of river‐level cycles has increased flooding during the wet seasons and decreased precipitation during the dry season. Greater than normal floods occurred in 2009 and in all years from 2011 to 2015 during high‐water seasons, and a drought occurred during the 2010 low‐water season. During these years, we surveyed populations of terrestrial, arboreal, and aquatic wildlife in a seasonally flooded Amazonian forest in the Loreto region of Peru (99,780 km2) to study the effects of intensification of natural climatic fluctuations on wildlife populations and in turn effects on resource use by local people. Shifts in fish and terrestrial mammal populations occurred during consecutive years of high floods and the drought of 2010. As floods intensified, terrestrial mammal populations decreased by 95%. Fish, waterfowl, and otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) abundances increased during years of intensive floods, whereas river dolphin and caiman populations had stable abundances. Arboreal species, including, macaws, game birds, primates, felids, and other arboreal mammals had stable populations and were not affected directly by high floods. The drought of 2010 had the opposite effect: fish, waterfowl, and dolphin populations decreased, and populations of terrestrial and arboreal species remained stable. Ungulates and large rodents are important sources of food and income for local people, and large declines in these animals has shifted resource use of people living in the flooded forests away from hunting to a greater reliance on fish.
The malaria parasite Plasmodium relictum in the endemic avifauna of eastern Cuba
Authors: Soares Letícia , Marra Peter , Gray Lindsey , Ricklefs Robert E. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIsland populations are vulnerable to introduced pathogens, as evidenced by extinction or population decline of several endemic Hawaiian birds caused by the malaria parasite, Plasmodium relictum (order Haemosporida). We analyzed blood samples from 363 birds caught near Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, for the presence of haemosporidian infections. We characterized parasite lineages by determining nucleotide variation of the parasite's mitochondrial cyt b gene. Fifty‐nine individuals were infected, and we identified 7 lineages of haemosporidian parasites. Fifty individuals were infected by 6 Haemoproteus sp. lineages, including a newly characterized lineage of Haem. (Parahaemoproteus) sp. CUH01. Nine individuals carried the P. relictum lineage GRW4, including 5 endemic Cuban Grassquits (Tiaris canorus) and 1 migratory Cape May Warbler (Setophaga tigrina). A sequence of the merozoite surface protein gene from one Cuban Grassquit infected with GRW4 matched that of the Hawaiian haplotype Pr9. Our results indicate that resident and migratory Cuban birds are infected with a malaria lineage that has severely affected populations of several endemic Hawaiian birds. We suggest GRW4 may be associated with the lack of several bird species on Cuba that are ubiquitous elsewhere in the West Indies. From the standpoint of avian conservation in the Caribbean Basin, it will be important to determine the distribution of haemosporidian parasites, especially P. relictum GRW4, in Cuba as well as the pathogenicity of this lineage in species that occur and are absent from Cuba.
Grounding by Attention Simulation in Peripersonal Space: Pupils Dilate to Pinch Grip But Not Big Size Nominal Classifier
Authors: Lobben Marit , Bochynska Agata 
Published: August 2017

AbstractGrammatical categories represent implicit knowledge, and it is not known if such abstract linguistic knowledge can be continuously grounded in real‐life experiences, nor is it known what types of mental states can be simulated. A former study showed that attention bias in peripersonal space (PPS) affects reaction times in grammatical congruency judgments of nominal classifiers, suggesting that simulated semantics may include reenactment of attention. In this study, we contrasted a Chinese nominal classifier used with nouns denoting pinch grip objects with a classifier for nouns with big object referents in a pupil dilation experiment. Twenty Chinese native speakers read grammatical and ungrammatical classifier‐noun combinations and made grammaticality judgment while their pupillary responses were measured. It was found that their pupils dilated significantly more to the pinch grip classifier than to the big object classifier, indicating attention simulation in PPS. Pupil dilations were also significantly larger with congruent trials on the whole than in incongruent trials, but crucially, congruency and classifier semantics were independent of each other. No such effects were found in controls.
The Location of Kant's Refutation of Idealism
Authors: Watt Robert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMany philosophers have been puzzled by Kant's decision to insert the Refutation of Idealism into the second edition of the firstCritiqueat the end of his elucidation of the Second Postulate. This article proposes a solution to the puzzle. It defends an explanation for the location of Kant's Refutation of Idealism that is plausibly expressed by Kant's claim at the end of his elucidation of the Second Postulate that the Refutation of Idealism is ‘here in its right place’ because ‘[a] powerful objection against these rules for proving existence indirectly is made byidealism’ (B274). According to this explanation, the Refutation of Idealism is Kant's response to the objection that the Second Postulate must be false since otherwise idealism is true. This article also considers and rejects a number of alternative explanations for the location of Kant's Refutation of Idealism.