bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Patterns of antiplatelet drug use after a first myocardial infarction during a 10‐year period
Authors: Yasmina Alfi , de Boer Anthonius , Deneer Vera H.M. , Souverein Patrick C. , Klungel Olaf H. 
Published: September 2016

AimsThe aims of the present study were to assess antiplatelet drug use patterns after a first myocardial infarction (MI) and to evaluate the determinants of antiplatelet nonpersistence.MethodsThe present study was conducted in 4690 patients from the Utrecht Cardiovascular Pharmacogenetics cohort with a first MI between 1986 and 2010, who were followed for a maximum of 10 years. Medication use and event diagnosis were obtained from the Dutch PHARMO Record Linkage System. Antiplatelet drug users were classified as persistent users (gap between prescriptions ≤90 days), nonpersistent users (>90‐day gap and no refills), and restarters (a new prescription after a >90‐day gap). The association between potential determinants and antiplatelet nonpersistence was analysed using Cox regression.ResultsThe proportions of persistent users decreased from 84.0% at the 1‐year follow‐up to 32.8% at 10 years for any antiplatelet drug, and 77.3% to 27.5% for aspirin; and 39.0% to 6.4% for clopidogrel at 6 years. Most nonpersistent users restarted antiplatelet drugs later, leading to 89.3% overall antiplatelet drug users at 10 years after MI. Diabetes (hazard ratio [HR] 0.44; 0.32–0.60), hypertension (HR 0.77; 0.60–0.99), hypercholesterolaemia (HR 0.49; 0.39–0.62) and more recent MI diagnosis period (2003–2007: HR 0.69, 0.61–0.79; 2008–2010: HR 0.38, 0.19–0.77, compared to ≤ 2002 period) lowered the risk of antiplatelet nonpersistence, while vitamin K antagonist (VKA) comedication (HR 18.97; 16.91–21.28) increased this risk.ConclusionsA large proportion of patients with a first MI still used antiplatelet drugs after 10 years. The frequent discontinuations during this time frame are expected to reduce the effectiveness of antiplatelet drugs as secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, VKA comedication and MI diagnosis period were determinants of antiplatelet nonpersistence.
Maximizing potential impact of experimental research into cognitive processes in health psychology: A systematic approach to material development
Authors: Hughes Alicia M. , Gordon Rola , Chalder Trudie , Hirsch Colette R. , Moss‐Morris Rona 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThere is an abundance of research into cognitive processing biases in clinical psychology including the potential for applying cognitive bias modification techniques to assess the causal role of biases in maintaining anxiety and depression. Within the health psychology field, there is burgeoning interest in applying these experimental methods to assess potential cognitive biases in relation to physical health conditions and health‐related behaviours. Experimental research in these areas could inform theoretical development by enabling measurement of implicit cognitive processes that may underlie unhelpful illness beliefs and help drive health‐related behaviours. However, to date, there has been no systematic approach to adapting existing experimental paradigms for use within physical health research. Many studies fail to report how materials were developed for the population of interest or have used untested materials developed ad hoc. The lack of protocol for developing stimuli specificity has contributed to large heterogeneity in methodologies and findings.PurposeIn this article, we emphasize the need for standardized methods for stimuli development and replication in experimental work, particularly as it extends beyond its original anxiety and depression scope to other physical conditions.MethodWe briefly describe the paradigms commonly used to assess cognitive biases in attention and interpretation and then describe the steps involved in comprehensive/robust stimuli development for attention and interpretation paradigms using illustrative examples from two conditions: chronic fatigue syndrome and breast cancer.ConclusionsThis article highlights the value of preforming rigorous stimuli development and provides tools to aid researchers engage in this process. We believe this work is worthwhile to establish a body of high‐quality and replicable experimental research within the health psychology literature.
Statement of contribution

What is already known on this subject?

Cognitive biases (e.g., tendencies to attend to negative information and/or interpret ambiguous information in negative ways) have a causal role in maintaining anxiety and depression.

There is mixed evidence of cognitive biases in physical health conditions and chronic illness; one reason for this may be the heterogeneous stimuli used to assess attention and interpretation biases in these conditions.

What does this study add?

Steps for comprehensive/robust stimuli development for attention and interpretation paradigms are presented.

Illustrative examples are provided from two conditions: chronic fatigue syndrome and breast cancer.

We provide tools to help researchers develop condition‐specific materials for experimental studies.
Chromate and amine contact allergies in workers manufacturing precast concrete elements
Authors: Mowitz Martin , Zimerson Erik , Hauksson Inese , Pontén Ann 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundFive workers from a plant manufacturing concrete wall panels and beams were referred to our department because of suspected occupational dermatitis. When patch tested, 3 workers reacted to potassium dichromate. Four workers reacted to ethylenediamine dihydrochloride, without any obvious exposure. Owing to the high proportion of workers with recent‐onset skin disease, an investigation of all workers at the plant was initiated.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of occupational dermatitis and contact allergy in the workers at the plant.MethodsAll 24 workers at the plant underwent a clinical investigation and were patch tested.ResultsFour cases of allergic occupational contact dermatitis and 3 cases of irritant occupational contact dermatitis were diagnosed. Contact allergy to potassium dichromate was found in 4 workers. All 4 also reacted to ethylenediamine dihydrochloride and/or amines that were present as additives in the cement.ConclusionsChromate contact allergy can still be found in concrete workers, despite the legislation regulating the amount of hexavalent chromium (chromate) in cement. Occupational contact allergy to amines can be found in workers exposed to cement and concrete, so amines should be tested in these workers.
Prognosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma in Crohn's disease compares favourably with de novo small bowel adenocarcinoma
Authors: Wieghard N. , Mongoue‐Tchokote S. , Young J. I. , Sheppard B. C. , Tsikitis V. L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimLimited data exist on Crohn's disease (CD)‐associated small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA). A large‐scale retrospective cohort study was conducted comparing the clinical features and outcome of CD‐associated SBA and de novo SBA.MethodData for patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma were gathered from the 1992–2010 United States Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry–Medicare linked database. We identified 2123 patients, of whom 179 had CD‐associated and 1944 de novo SBA. The main outcome measures were overall survival (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS).ResultsCD‐associated SBA was most commonly located in the ileum (62% vs 31%, P < 0.0001). CD patients were diagnosed at an earlier stage (I/II), compared with de novo SBA (55% vs 32%, P < 0.0001), and were more likely to undergo surgery (81% vs 72%, P = 0.0016). Chemotherapy use was similar (25% vs 21%, P = 0.1886). Patients with CD‐associated SBA had better 5‐year OS (43% vs 34%, P = 0.0121) but a similar CSS (65% vs 64%, P = 0.77). There was no difference in the OS between the cohorts when stratified by stage. On multivariate analysis, CD was not significantly related to OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0.97, 95% CI: 0.79–1.20, P = 0.7889]. Surgery and the extent of lymphadenectomy improved OS for all SBA patients (HR 0.73, 95% CI: 0.60–0.88, P = 0.001), whereas chemotherapy did not (HR 1.13, 95% CI: 0.99–1.28, P = 0.0665).ConclusionPatients with CD‐associated SBA present at an earlier stage than patients with de novo SBA, they receive more surgery but similar rates of chemotherapy, and have similar OS and CSS. The presence of CD does not worsen survival after treatment of SBA.
Effect of mass rearing and gamma irradiation on the mating behaviour of Eldana saccharina
Authors: Mudavanhu Pride , Addison Pia , Conlong Des E. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAt low doses of radiation, F1 sterility of the sugarcane stalk borer, Eldana saccharina Walker (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), can be attained. This bodes well for progression of the sterile insect technique (SIT) as part of an area‐wide integrated pest management strategy against this pest of economic importance. However, success of the SIT is dependent on mating ability and performance of the mass‐reared sterile insects once released into the field. Mating behaviour of non‐irradiated laboratory‐reared male E. saccharina moths and those subjected to radiation (150, 200, or 250 Gy) was investigated in still‐air cage laboratory trials. Video technology was used to determine whether mass rearing and irradiation of adult moths altered their performance in lek formation and mating success, compared to their untreated wild counterparts. Mating frequency, mating duration, onset of mating, and calling during the first two scotophase periods following adult eclosion were used to make these assessments. Results indicated that both irradiated and non‐irradiated laboratory‐reared males are able to form leks and mate with wild females, and are therefore as effective as their wild counterparts with regards to mating performance. However, a quantitative departure of male mating behaviour away from that exhibited by wild males was observed in the non‐irradiated and irradiated laboratory males. These commenced calling and mating earlier than wild males in both scotophases, except for those irradiated at 250 Gy in the case of mating onset. The mating duration of treated males was similar to that of the untreated wild males, except for those irradiated at 150 Gy, which was significantly higher. Our study provides evidence that increasing radiation dose negatively impacts on performance of laboratory‐produced moths relative to their wild counterparts, which in turn could affect the efficacy of the SIT. At 150 and 200 Gy, these parameters are not affected significantly when compared to untreated wild males, and thus these radiation doses can be used safely. However, at higher doses negative effects do become evident.
Subclinical ultrasonographic abnormalities of the suspensory ligament branches in National Hunt racehorses
Authors: Fairburn A. J. , Busschers E. , Barr A. R. S. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryBackgroundSuspensory ligament branch (SLB) desmopathy is a common cause of lameness and an important cause of lost training in the Thoroughbred racing industry. Studies have assessed the impact of insertional injuries of the SLB on the careers of flat racehorses and established the prevalence of subclinical ultrasonographic SLB abnormalities in this population, but little work has investigated SLB injury in National Hunt (NH) racehorses.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of subclinical ultrasonographic SLB abnormalities in NH racehorses with no clinical signs or history of SLB injury and to establish the cross‐sectional area (CSA) of SLBs in this population.Study designCross‐sectional study using data collected from horses on an NH yard.MethodsUltrasonographic examination of forelimb SLBs in 62 horses on a single NH yard was performed. Images were graded according to a previously reported system. CSA measurements were obtained from transverse images.ResultsNineteen of 62 horses had at least one SLB with grade 2 ultrasonographic abnormalities. Grade 2 ultrasonographic abnormalities occurred more frequently in the medial than the lateral SLB (P = 0.05). The medial SLB insertional CSA was significantly larger (P<0.001) than that of the lateral SLB.Main limitationsLength of time on the yard (and therefore available veterinary history) is variable in this population.ConclusionsOne in three NH racehorses without history or clinical signs of SLB injury had at least one SLB with a grade 2 ultrasonographic abnormality. The medial branch was over‐represented. The medial SLB insertional CSA is larger than the lateral and thus comparison with the corresponding branch in the contralateral limb is recommended to avoid misdiagnosis of medial SLB enlargement.
Child Characteristics, Parent Education and Depressive Symptoms, and Marital Conflict Predicting Trajectories of Parenting Behavior from Childhood Through Early Adolescence in Taiwan
Authors: Hsieh Yi‐Ping , Dopkins Stright Anne , Yen Lee‐Lan 
Published: September 2016

The study examined how child and parent characteristics, and contextual sources of stress, such as marital conflict predict initial status and trajectories of parent involvement, support, and harsh control, over a 4‐year period in families in Taiwan (n = 4,754). Based on Belsky's (1984) ecological model of parenting, three domains predicting parenting were tested, child characteristics (age cohort and gender), father and mother characteristics (education and depressive symptoms), and contextual sources of stress (marital conflict). The study followed two cohorts of children; the younger cohort was followed from first to fourth grade and the older cohort from fourth to seventh grade. Initially, fourth graders reported more parental involvement, support, and harsh control than first graders. However, involvement, support, and harsh control decreased across the 4 years for the older cohort as they transitioned to early adolescence. In the first year, girls reported more parental involvement and support and less harsh control than boys. Across the 4 years, involvement and support increased, and harsh control decreased for boys; whereas involvement stayed the same, support slightly decreased, and harsh control slightly increased for girls. Children whose parents were more educated reported more parent involvement, support, and harsh control in the first year. Children whose fathers were chronically depressed and whose parents were experiencing marital conflict reported decreasing parent involvement and support over the years.
Coeliac disease: immunogenicity studies of barley hordein and rye secalin‐derived peptides
Authors: Wahab Widya A. , Šuligoj Tanja , Ellis Julia , Côrtez‐Real Beatriz , Ciclitira Paul J. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryCoeliac disease (CD) is an inflammatory disorder of the small intestine. It includes aberrant adaptive immunity with presentation of CD toxic gluten peptides by HLA‐DQ2 or DQ8 molecules to gluten‐sensitive T cells. A ω‐gliadin/C‐hordein peptide (QPFPQPEQPFPW) and a rye‐derived secalin peptide (QPFPQPQQPIPQ) were proposed to be toxic in CD, as they yielded positive responses when assessed with peripheral blood T‐cell clones derived from individuals with CD. We sought to assess the immunogenicity of the candidate peptides using gluten‐sensitive T‐cell lines obtained from CD small intestinal biopsies. We also sought to investigate the potential cross‐reactivity of wheat gluten‐sensitive T‐cell lines with peptic–tryptic digested barley hordein (PTH) and rye secalin (PTS). Synthesised candidate peptides were deamidated with tissue transglutaminase (tTG). Gluten‐sensitive T‐cell lines were generated by culturing small intestinal biopsies from CD patients with peptic–tryptic gluten (PTG), PTH or PTS, along with autologous PBMCs for antigen presentation. The stimulation indices were determined by measuring the relative cellular proliferation via incorporation of 3H‐thymidine. The majority of T‐cell lines reacted to the peptides studied. There was also cross‐reactivity between wheat gluten‐sensitive T‐cell lines and the hordein, gliadin and secalin peptides. PTH, PTS, barley hordein and rye secalin‐derived CD antigen‐sensitive T‐cell lines showed positive stimulation with PTG. ω‐gliadin/C‐hordein peptide and rye‐derived peptide are immunogenic to gluten‐sensitive T‐cell lines and potentially present in wheat, rye and barley. Additional CD toxic peptides may be shared.
A Model of Entrepreneurial Autonomy in Franchised Outlets: A Systematic Review of the Empirical Evidence
Authors: Dada Olufunmilola (Lola) 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEntrepreneurial autonomy among franchisees is a persistent management challenge. There is a lack of empirical synthesis of its drivers, its consequences, and how it can be integrated with the standardization requirements in franchise systems. Various theoretical and empirical studies have stressed that merging franchisee autonomy with the franchisor's desire for uniformity is extremely difficult. This paper aims to provide a systematic review of the relevant empirical studies in order to identify a range of influences, controls, outcomes and associated moderating and mediating factors that offer a better representation of what contributes to the understanding of franchisee entrepreneurial autonomy. By drawing together findings from a broad range of theoretical perspectives, the evidence was used to develop a comprehensive model of entrepreneurial autonomy in franchised outlets. The model not only provides a structure that brings together prior studies, but also identifies the less researched areas that can advance the management literature on the notion of autonomy in franchising. The research and practitioner implications of the review and its limitations and possible directions for future studies are discussed.
Antigen processing and immune regulation in the response to tumours
Authors: Reeves Emma , James Edward 
Published: September 2016

SummaryThe MHC class I and II antigen processing and presentation pathways display peptides to circulating CD8+ cytotoxic and CD4+ helper T cells respectively to enable pathogens and transformed cells to be identified. Once detected, T cells become activated and either directly kill the infected / transformed cells (CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes) or orchestrate the activation of the adaptive immune response (CD4+ T cells). The immune surveillance of transformed/tumour cells drives alteration of the antigen processing and presentation pathways to evade detection and hence the immune response. Evasion of the immune response is a significant event tumour development and considered one of the hallmarks of cancer. To avoid immune recognition, tumours employ a multitude of strategies with most resulting in a down‐regulation of the MHC class I expression at the cell surface, significantly impairing the ability of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes to recognize the tumour. Alteration of the expression of key players in antigen processing not only affects MHC class I expression but also significantly alters the repertoire of peptides being presented. These modified peptide repertoires may serve to further reduce the presentation of tumour‐specific/associated antigenic epitopes to aid immune evasion and tumour progression. Here we review the modifications to the antigen processing and presentation pathway in tumours and how it affects the anti‐tumour immune response, considering the role of tumour‐infiltrating cell populations and highlighting possible future therapeutic targets.
Remineralizing potential of a 60‐s in vitro application of Tooth Mousse Plus
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Vaishnavi L. , Anthonappa Robert P. , King Nigel M. , Itthagarun Anut 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundNo published studies exist on the remineralizing potential of Tooth Mousse Plus® (TMP) when applied for less than 3 min.AimTo evaluate (i) the remineralizing potential of TMP on artificial carious lesions, when applied thrice daily for 60 s, and (ii) the benefit of using a fluoridated dentifrice prior to TMP application.DesignCarious lesions, 120–200 μm deep, were produced by placing molars in demineralizing solution for 96 h, and sections 100–150 μm thick were then randomly assigned to four groups. Specimens were treated thrice daily with a non‐fluoridated (Group A), or 1000 ppm F dentifrice (Group B), or TMP (Group C), or a 1000 ppm F dentifrice followed by TMP application (Group D), and then subjected to a 10‐day pH cycling model. Lesion evaluation involved polarizing light microscopy and microradiography.ResultsPost‐treatment maximum mineral content at the surface zone (Vmax) was significantly increased and lesion depth (LD) significantly decreased in Group C, while only the Vmax increased in Group D. Increase in LD was observed in Group B; however, no significant differences were noted in percentage LD changes between groups B, C, and D (P > 0.05).ConclusionsTMP applied for 60 s significantly remineralized the artificial carious lesions. No additional benefit was evident when TMP was preceded by treatment with 1000 ppm F dentifrice.
Nail features in healthy term newborns: a single‐centre observational study of 52 cases
Authors: Chinazzo M. , Lorette G. , Baran R. , Finon A. , Saliba É. , Maruani A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe anatomy and embryology of the nail are well known, and nail abnormalities are a feature of many genodermatoses. However, the physiological aspect is not well described. We aimed to analyse the physiological features of nails in healthy newborns.MethodsWe performed an observational, prospective study at University Hospital Center of Tours between July and October 2015. Newborns were included by a dermatologist assistant during the systematic examination on release of the mother from the hospital. The medical history of the mother and infant were recorded by using a standardized questionnaire. Finger‐ and toenails were systematically photographed for a second interpretation by a dermatologist with blinding to the first photograph.ResultsFifty‐eight patients were eligible, and 52 were included. Half of the newborns were males, and the mean age at inclusion was 3.6 ± 1.2 days. Fingernails had an oval shape (71.1%) or a flat curvature (63.5%), and half had a lunula. Toenails showed an apparent hypertrophy of the proximal nail fold (38.4%) and lateral nail fold (73.1%). The shape of the nails was triangular (50.0%) or round (21.1%). We noted koilonychia in 32.7% of infants and lunula in 7.7%. Distal parts showed onychoschizia (28.8%) and onycholysis (26.9%).ConclusionKoilonychia, onychoschizia of toenails or absence of lunula are physiological features of nails in newborns.