bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protease-activated receptors in hemostasis
Authors: Nieman Marvin T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractProtease signaling in cells elicits multiple physiologically important responses via protease-activated receptors (PARs). There are 4 members of this family of G-protein–coupled receptors (PAR1-4). PARs are activated by proteolysis of the N terminus to reveal a tethered ligand. The rate-limiting step of PAR signaling is determined by the efficiency of proteolysis of the N terminus, which is regulated by allosteric binding sites, cofactors, membrane localization, and receptor dimerization. This ultimately controls the initiation of PAR signaling. In addition, these factors also control the cellular response by directing signaling toward G-protein or β-arrestin pathways. PAR1 signaling on endothelial cells is controlled by the activating protease and heterodimerization with PAR2 or PAR3. As a consequence, the genetic and epigenetic control of PARs and their cofactors in physiologic and pathophysiologic conditions have the potential to influence cellular behavior. Recent studies have uncovered polymorphisms that result in PAR4 sequence variants with altered reactivity that interact to influence platelet response. This further demonstrates how interactions within the plasma membrane can control the physiological output. Understanding the structural rearrangement following PAR activation and how PARs are allosterically controlled within the plasma membrane will determine how best to target this family of receptors therapeutically. The purpose of this article is to review how signaling from PARs is influenced by alternative cleavage sites and the physical interactions within the membrane. Going forward, it will be important to relate the altered signaling to the molecular arrangement of PARs in the cell membrane and to determine how these may be influenced genetically.
Pathogenic role of B-cell receptor signaling and canonical NF-κB activation in mantle cell lymphoma
Authors: Saba Nakhle S. , Liu Delong , Herman Sarah E. M. , Underbayev Chingiz , Tian Xin , Behrend David , Weniger Marc A. , Skarzynski Martin , Gyamfi Jennifer , Fontan Lorena , Melnick Ari , Grant Cliona , Roschewski Mark , Navarro Alba , Beà Sílvia , Pittaluga Stefania , Dunleavy Kieron , Wilson Wyndham H. , Wiestner Adrian 
Published: April 2016

Key PointsActivation of BCR and canonical NF-κB signaling in the lymph node correlates with survival in MCL. Mutations and polymorphisms in BCR and NF-κB pathways may confer cell autonomous signaling and affect response to ibrutinib.
Bringing the Social Sciences to Health Policy: An Appreciation of David Mechanic
Authors: Boyer Carol A. , Gray Bradford H. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
David Mechanic has been a pioneering leader in the social and behavioral sciences of health, health services, and health and mental health policy for more than fifty years. One of David's most distinctive qualities has been his vision in identifying trends and defining new research areas and perspectives in health care policy. His early work on how methods of physician payment by capitation and fee-for-service in England and the United States affected physicians' responses to patients and patient care addressed present challenges and many ongoing studies of payment mechanisms. His papers on rationing of health care established a framework for examining alternative allocation mechanisms and just decision making. Influential papers dealt with risk selection, policy challenges in managed care, reducing racial disparities, trust relationships between patients, doctors, and the public and health institutions, and the predicaments of health reform. Focusing on the implementation of the Affordable Care Act, David explored its opportunities and challenges especially in providing comprehensive and effective behavioral health services. A hallmark of his work has been his redirecting our attention to the most severely ill and those in greatest need. Less visible is the leadership and institution building endeavors and the many honors David has received.
Economics and the Transformation of the Mental Health System
Authors: Glied Sherry , Frank Richard G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMental illnesses provide a difficult set of challenges to American health and social institutions. Those challenges have been a continuous concern of David Mechanic's over the course of his career. In this article we trace the development of modern economic and organizational structures that drive the delivery of mental health care in the early part of the twenty-first century. We show how the nature of mental disorders themselves and the treatment for addressing those illnesses pose fundamental difficulties to health care organizational and financing structures. We analyze the factors that have caused the dramatic changes in how American society has addressed mental illnesses over the past fifty years. Specifically, we note the central influence that mainstream health, income support, and disability programs have had in shaping mental health care. We argue that the interaction of the unique features of mental illnesses and changes in mainstream health and social policy led mental health care to evolve so differently from general medical care.
Opportunities and Challenges for Payment Reform: Observations from Massachusetts
Authors: Mechanic Robert E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Policy makers and private health plans are expanding their efforts to implement new payment models that will encourage providers to improve quality and deliver health care more efficiently. Over the past five years, payment reforms have progressed faster in Massachusetts than in any other state. The reasons include a major effort by Blue Cross Blue Shield of Massachusetts to implement global payment, the presence of large integrated systems willing to take on financial risk, and a supportive state policy environment. By 2014, thirty-seven percent of Massachusetts's residents enrolled in health plans were covered under risk-based payment models tied to global budgets. But the expansion of payment reform in Massachusetts slowed between 2012 and 2015 because some commercial enrollment shifted from risk-based health maintenance organization products to fee-for-service preferred provider organization (PPO) plans, and the state Medicaid program fell short of its payment reform goals. Provider groups will not fully commit to population-based clinical models if they believe it will result in large reductions in fee-for-service revenue. The use of alternative payment models will accelerate in 2016 when Blue Cross begins implementing PPO payment reforms, but it is unknown how quickly other payers will follow. Massachusetts's experience illustrates the complexity of payment reform in pluralistic health care markets and the need for complementary efforts by public and private stakeholders.
Medicaid Long-Term Care: State Variation and the Intergovernmental Lobby
Authors: Thompson Frank J. , Cantor Joel C. , Farnham Jennifer 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Medicaid is vastly more important than Medicare or private insurance in funding long-term care (LTC). However, states vary tremendously in their commitment to Medicaid LTC. This article advances knowledge of the origins, nature, and implications of this variation. After examining the degree of variation in state spending on Medicaid LTC, we show how federal policy has over the past fifty years steadily increased state discretion to shape these services. This decentralization largely reflects the potency of the intergovernmental lobby—governors and other state officials—in influencing federal policy. While fueling state variation, the intergovernmental lobby has also provided valuable political support that has helped Medicaid grow and resist retrenchment. After considering policy options that could mitigate Medicaid LTC inequities rooted in state differences, we assess how the catalytic forces that have fueled growth in Medicaid LTC may be insufficient to protect the program from future erosion.
Reform of the Individual Insurance Market in New Jersey: Lessons for the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Cantor Joel C. , Monheit Alan C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The individual health insurance market has played a small but important role in providing coverage to those without access to group insurance or public programs. With implementation of the Affordable Care Act (ACA), the individual market has attained a more prominent role. However, achieving accessible and affordable coverage in this market is a long-standing challenge, in large part due to the threat of adverse risk selection. New Jersey pursued comprehensive reforms beginning in the 1990s to achieve a stable, accessible, and affordable individual market. We review how adverse risk selection can pose a challenge to achieving such objectives in the individual health insurance market. We follow this discussion by describing the experience of New Jersey through three rounds of legislative reform and through the first year of the implementation of the ACA coverage provisions. While the New Jersey reforms did not require individuals to purchase coverage, its experiences with direct and indirect market subsidies and regulations guiding plan design, issuance, and rating have important implications for how the ACA may achieve its coverage goals in the absence of the controversial individual purchase mandate.
The problems of Operational Assets Management and Problem-Solving Approach
Authors: Медведева  , Medvedeva E. , Грабчак  , Grabchak E. 
Published: April 2016

Th e article considers the conceptual provisions of a new approach to assurance of reliability of functioning of
power assets, considered in inextricable connection with their economic resilience. Methodological basis of formation of
operation assets management and support of operations is given.
Some Aspects of Real Estate Market Financing
Authors: Ермилова  , Ermilova Maria 
Published: April 2016

Th e article considers one of the most important problems of developing of real estate market — problem of its
fi nancing, the main used at the present time fi nancing tools. It is justifi ed that the important aspect of solving of fi nancing
problem is cooperation of state, investors and other participants of real estate market.
Case Article—Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Kopcso David P. , Simon Howard , Gao Annie 
Published: April 2016

This article describes a case in which decisions are made by two biopharmaceutical firms in pursuit of FDA approval of a drug to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The case contains information on each firm’s estimates of costs, revenues and likelihood of success, as well as average values for these available from the scientific literature. The case provides an opportunity to apply decision analysis in the form of decision trees to various decision problems and to perform sensitivity analysis. It can be used as an introduction or as an application of decision trees after an introduction. The students are first exposed to one firm’s simple decision based on expert opinion, which is then modified by the inclusion of data. The advantage of expressing information in a tree diagram becomes apparent. The tree diagram is then examined to expose hedging strategies, one of which introduces the second larger firm as a potential licensee. The second firm presents its own view of the decision process based on its own expertise, thus allowing for a rich discussion of sensitivity analysis. Students are to evaluate the first firm’s approach to decision making and whether the second firm should be a licensee or not. Teaching Note: Interested Instructors please see the Instructor Materials page for access to the restricted materials. To maintain the integrity and usefulness of cases published in ITE, unapproved distribution of the case teaching notes and other restricted materials to any other party is prohibited.
A king lost and found: Revisiting the popular and the tribal myths of Mahabali from Kerala
Authors: Kalidasan Vinod Kottayil 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This article attempts to revisit the popular as well as tribal myths of Mahabali, the former of which informs Onam – Kerala’s national festival. The popular myth while mourning the loss of Mavelinadu – a utopian welfare state – also attempts to recreate the same by way of thoroughly modern political praxis. The mostly unknown tribal myths of Mahabali, from the Wayanad district, however, propose an alternative concept Mavelimantam that, while being an antithesis to the former, imagines a radical, pro-Adivasi and anti-majoritarian space. Onam symbolizes the ‘return’ of Mahabali who, in the popular myth, was pushed to the netherworld by an invading Deva disguised as a dwarf Brahmin. His return from ‘exile’ also represents a politico-economic reality of his ‘former subjects’ returning from their exiles abroad, especially from the Persian Gulf. While Mahabali can stage an annual return to Kerala, Maveli, the tribal chieftain whose land was usurped by the feudal lords in the tribal myths, cannot. This article also investigates notions such as body, alienation of tribal land in contemporary Kerala, politics of myths and their ramifications on modern economic, political, philosophical and cultural affairs of the state and its deeply multicultural spaces.
Book Reviews
Authors: Frank Aparna , Pant Ritika , Baishya Anirban K. , Mini Darshana Sreedhar , Sahu Ipsita , Ghosh Shohini , Chatterjee Tupur 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Indian Modern Dance, Feminism and Transnationalism, Prarthana Purkayastha (2014) Hampshire, UK: Palgrave Macmillan, 216 pp., h/bk, $69.99, ISBN 978-1-137-37517-9
Figurations in Indian Film, Meheli Sen and Anustup Basu (eds) (2013) London and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 292 pp., ISBN 978-0-230-29179-9, Hardcover-79,99
Citizenship and Identity in the Age of Surveillance, Pramod K. Nayar (2015) Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 216 pp., h/bk, ISBN: 9781107080584, $90.00
Unsettling India: Affect, Temporality, Transnationality, Purnima Mankekar (2015) Durham and London: Duke University Press, 320 pp., ISBN: 9780822358367, p/bk, $26.95
Dream Machine: Realism and Fantasy in Hindi Cinema, Samir Dayal (2015) Philadephia: Temple University Press, 304 pp. ISBN: 978-1-4399-1064-1 P/back $31.30
Documentary Films in India: Critical Aesthetics at Work, Aparna Sharma (2015) New York: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 276 ISBN: 9781137395436, $90. H/back
Bollywood and Postmodernism: Popular Indian Cinema in the 21st Century, Neelam Sidhar Wright (2015) Edinburgh University Press, 227 pp. ISBN: 9780748696345, h/back, $120
Variants in mitochondrial tRNA gene may not be associated with thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Lv F , Qian G , You W , Lin H , Wang XF , Qiu GS , Jiang YS , Pang LX , Kang YM , Jia BF , Xu JZ , Yu Y 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a very common form of endocrine system malignancy. To date, the molecular mechanism underlying thyroid cancer remains poorly understood. Studies of oncocytic tumors have led to a hypothesis which proposes that defects in oxidative phosphorylation (OX- PHOS) may result in a compensatory increase in mitochondrial replication and gene expression. As a result, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation analysis has become a useful tool to explore the molecular basis of this disease. Among these mutations, mitochondrial transfer RNAs (mttRNAs) are the hot spots for pathogenic mutations associated with thyroid cancer. However, due to its high mutation rate, the role of mt-tRNA variants in thyroid cancer is still controversial. To address this problem, in this study, we reassessed seven reported mt-tRNA variants: tRNAAsp G7521A, tRNAArg T10411C and T10463C, tRNALeu(CUN) A12308G, tRNAIle G4292C and C4312T, and tRNAAla T5655C, in clinical manifestations of thyroid cancer. We first performed the phylogenetic conservation analysis for these variants; moreover, we used a bioinformatic tool to compare the minimum free energy (G) of mt-tRNA with and without mutations. Most strikingly, none of these variants caused the significant change of the G between the wild-type and the mutant form, suggesting that they may not play an important roles in thyroid cancer. In addition, we screened the frequency of the “pathogenic” A12308G alternation in 300 patients with thyroid cancer and 200 healthy controls. We found that there were five patients and three control subjects carrying this variant. It seemed that the A12308G variant may be a common polymorphism in the human population. Taken together, our study indicated that variants in mt-tRNA genes may not play active roles in patients with thyroid cancer.
How to avoid mass transfer limitations in ozonation kinetics of phenylphenol isomers?
Authors: Olak-Kucharczyk Magdalena , Ledakowicz Stanisław 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Ozonation is a heterogeneous process of chemical absorption often controlled by a gas-liquid mass transfer rate. This paper presents the results of kinetics in a reaction between phenylphenol isomers and ozone. The degradation of phenylphenol isomers during ozonation proceeds quite fast. In order to avoid the influence of mass transfer limitation the kinetics experiments were conducted in a homogenous liquid-liquid system. The second-order rate constants were determined using classical and competition methods, which are especially recommended for fast reactions. The determined rate constants at pH 2 using the two different methods are almost the same. The increase of pH causes an increase of rate constants for the reaction of phenylphenol isomers with ozone.
Biorefineries – factories of the future
Authors: Kołtuniewicz Andrzej B. , Dąbkowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Efforts were made to demonstrate that in biorefineries it is possible to manufacture all the commodities required for maintaining human civilisation on the current level. Biorefineries are based on processing biomass resulting from photosynthesis. From sugars, oils and proteins, a variety of food, feed, nutrients, pharmaceuticals, polymers, chemicals and fuels can further be produced. Production in biorefineries must be based on a few rules to fulfil sustainable development: all raw materials are derived from biomass, all products are biodegradable and production methods are in accordance with the principles of Green Chemistry and Clean Technology. The paper presents a summary of state-of-the-art concerning biorefineries, production methods and product range of leading companies in the world that are already implemented. Potential risks caused by the development of biorefineries, such as: insecurities of food and feed production, uncontrolled changes in global production profiles, monocultures, eutrophication, etc., were also highlighted in this paper. It was stressed that the sustainable development is not only an alternative point of view but is our condition to survive.
Modelling of a hybrid culture system with a stationary layer of liquid perfluorochemical applied as oxygen carrier
Authors: Pilarek Maciej , Dąbkowska Katarzyna 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
A mathematical model of a hybrid culture system supported with a stationary layer of liquid perfluorochemical (PFC) as a source of O2 for cells which grow in the aqueous phase of culture medium has been developed and discussed. The two-substrate Monod kinetics without inhibition effects, i.e. the Tsao-Hanson equation, has been assumed to characterise the biomass growth. The Damköhler number which relates the growth rate to the mass transfer effects has been used to appraise the regime (i.e. diffusion-limited or kinetics) of the whole process. The proposed model predicted accurately previously published data on the submerged batch cultures of Nicotiana tabacum BY-2 heterotrophic cells performed in a culture system supported with a stationary layer of hydrophobic perfluorodecalin as a liquid O2 carrier. Estimated values of the parameters of the model showed that the process proceeded in the kinetics regime and the growth kinetics, not the effects of the mass transfer between aqueous phase and liquid PFC, had essential influence on the growth of biomass.
Sporophyte records of the moss Dicranum tauricum Sapjegin in the Czech Republic
Authors: Skoupá Zuzana , Kučera Jan , Fialová Lucie , Plášek Vítězslav 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Sporophytes were for the first time recorded in three populations of Dicranum tauricum in the Czech Republic. Until now, such records were extremely scarce in Central Europe. Two populations observed concurrently at nearby localities were found in markedly different phenophases, whereas two populations observed at different localities in spring and autumn seemed to develop synchronously. The sporophytes are illustrated with conventional and SEM photography.
Ethical Textile Consumption: Only a Question of Selflessness?
Authors: Frank Ronald , Unfried Matthias , Schreder Regina , Dieckmann Anja 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
When it comes to purchase decisions for fair-trade clothing, there seems to be a gap between actions and words. Only few people buy fair trade despite stating moral concerns. Based on a survey of German consumers and the results of a behavioral economic game, the article presents strategies to minimize the gap identified between the willingness to purchase and the moral standards that many consumers set for themselves.
The data suggests several consumer types and provides a few promising starting points for strategies that are not based on selflessness but rather generate more tangible benefits for the individual consumer groups. At least three of five consumer types or two-thirds of the consumers may constitute possible target groups according to the findings.
Linear and Non-Linear Regression Models Assuming a Stable Distribution
Authors: Achcar Jorge A. , Lopes Sílvia R. C. 
Published: April 2016

<p>In this paper, we present some computational aspects for a Bayesian analysis involving stable distributions. It is well known that, in general, there is no closed form for the probability density function of a stable distribution. However, the use of a latent or auxiliary random variable facilitates obtaining any posterior distribution when related to stable distributions. To show the usefulness of the computational aspects, the methodology is applied to linear and non-linear regression models. Posterior summaries of interest are obtained using the OpenBUGS software.</p>
Relación entre la Satisfacción Vital y otras Variables Psicosociales de Migrantes Colombianos en Estados Unidos
Authors: Murillo Muñoz Javier Alonso , Molero Alonso Fernando Jorge 
Published: April 2016

<p>Investigación cuantitativa que buscó establecer la relación entre la satisfacción vital (variable principal) y las variables autoestima personal, bienestar material percibido, prejuicio grupal percibido, discriminación personal percibida e identidad nacional, identificando cuáles, entre estas últimas, podían predecir la primera. La muestra, no probabilística, estuvo conformada por 171 colombianos, hombres y mujeres, residentes en Estados Unidos. Los resultados indicaron que la autoestima y el bienestar material percibido fueron las variables más estrechamente relacionadas con la satisfacción vital, siendo, además, las únicas predictoras positivas de esta. Las expresiones de prejuicio no impactaron significativamente la satisfacción vital, mientras que la identidad nacional presentó un impacto nulo.</p>