bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Feelings Thermometer: An Early Intervention Scale for Seclusion/Restraint Reduction Among Children and Adolescents in Residential Psychiatric Care
Authors: Andrassy Briana Marie 
Published: September 2016

PROBLEMRestraints and/or seclusions (R/S) are events that have the potential to cause patient injury, staff injury, re‐traumatization, and even death. There is a gap in available data regarding alternative strategies for reducing R/S.METHODA 140‐bed children and adolescent residential treatment hospital implemented a “Feelings Thermometer Scale” on each unit. The “Feelings Thermometer” allowed the resident to point to a face on the scale to rate how they were feeling from “Cool” to “On Fire!” Once the resident identified with a feeling and rating, options were offered for alternative cool down locations corresponding to each level of escalation. Data were analyzed 6 weeks before and 6 weeks after implementation of the “Feelings Thermometer.”FINDINGSThere were 129 R/S during the 6‐week period prior to the implementation of the “Feelings Thermometer.” There were a total of 91 R/S during the 6‐week period postimplementation of the “Feelings Thermometer.” Overall, a 29.1% decrease in R/S was experienced throughout the hospital.CONCLUSIONThe findings of this study suggest that further investigation may be warranted to promote alternative R/S reduction strategies.
Assessing reproductive isolation using a contact zone between parapatric lake‐stream stickleback ecotypes
Authors: Hanson D. , Moore J.‐S. , Taylor E. B. , Barrett R. D. H. , Hendry A. P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEcological speciation occurs when populations evolve reproductive isolation as a result of divergent natural selection. This isolation can be influenced by many potential reproductive barriers, including selection against hybrids, selection against migrants and assortative mating. How and when these barriers act and interact in nature is understood for relatively few empirical systems. We used a mark–recapture experiment in a contact zone between lake and stream three‐spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus, Linnaeus) to evaluate the occurrence of hybrids (allowing inferences about mating isolation), the interannual survival of hybrids (allowing inferences about selection against hybrids) and the shift in lake‐like vs. stream‐like characteristics (allowing inferences about selection against migrants). Genetic and morphological data suggest the occurrence of hybrids and no selection against hybrids in general, a result contradictory to a number of other studies of sticklebacks. However, we did find selection against more lake‐like individuals, suggesting a barrier to gene flow from the lake into the stream. Combined with previous work on this system, our results suggest that multiple (most weakly and often asymmetric) barriers must be combining to yield substantial restrictions on gene flow. This work provides evidence of a reproductive barrier in lake–stream sticklebacks and highlights the value of assessing multiple reproductive barriers in natural contexts.
Viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in aquaculture: a review
Authors: Doan Q K , Vandeputte M , Chatain B , Morin T , Allal F 
Published: September 2016

AbstractViral encephalopathy and retinopathy (VER), otherwise known as viral nervous necrosis (VNN), is a major devastating threat for aquatic animals. Betanodaviruses have been isolated in at least 70 aquatic animal species in marine and in freshwater environments throughout the world, with the notable exception of South America. In this review, the main features of betanodavirus, including its diversity, its distribution and its transmission modes in fish, are firstly presented. Then, the existing diagnosis and detection methods, as well as the different control procedures of this disease, are reviewed. Finally, the potential of selective breeding, including both conventional and genomic selection, as an opportunity to obtain resistant commercial populations, is examined.
Comparison of topical tacrolimus and clobetasol in the management of symptomatic oral lichen planus: A double‐blinded, randomized clinical trial in Sri Lanka
Authors: Hettiarachchi Pilana Vithanage Kalani Shihanika , Hettiarachchi Ruvini Manjula , Jayasinghe Ruwan Duminda , Sitheeque Mohaideen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAimOral lichen planus (OLP) is a common, chronic inflammatory disease of the oral mucosa. Although several studies have shown the efficacy of different treatment modalities, a definitive cure has not yet been established. The present trial compares the effectiveness of topically‐applied clobetasol and tacrolimus in the symptomatic management of OLP.MethodsA randomized, comparative, double‐blind study with 68 patients (43 females, 25 males; mean age: 46.76 years) was undertaken. Patients were randomly divided into two groups of 34 patients each to receive topical tacrolimus 0.1% cream or clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream for 3 weeks.ResultsAfter 3 weeks of treatment, the mean pain score dropped by 1.59 (right) and 1.53 (left) in the tacrolimus group, while in clobetasol group these values were 0.94 and 0.85, respectively. The mean scores for clinical appearance reduced by 1.18 (right) and 1.0 (left) in the tacrolimus group compared with a reduction of 0.5 and 0.26, respectively, in the clobetasol group. These reductions were statistically significant (P < .05).ConclusionThe results suggest that tacrolimus 0.1% cream is an effective alternative to topical steroid and can be considered a first‐line therapy in OLP. However, further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this treatment before it is recommended for use in clinical practice.
Women's Housework: New Tests of Time and Money
Authors: Hook Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe author uses variation by the day of week—comparing weekdays to weekends—to reconsider three main explanations for variation in women's housework time. The author predicts that though evidence of gender deviance neutralization (GDN) should be evident across the days of the week, evidence of time constraints and absolute earnings should be most apparent on weekdays. The author tests these hypotheses with the largest sample to date (American Time Use Survey 2003–2012) and careful consideration of the functional form between resources/constraints and housework time. The author finds that all three measures of resources/constraints—relative earnings, absolute earnings, and employment hours—perform as poor predictors of women's housework on weekends. Weekends are when women, regardless of employment status, do gender, but not in the way hypothesized by GDN. On weekdays, women's own employment hours and earnings have negative, but diminishing, effects on their housework time. GDN is not supported.
Psychological Distress, Couple Interactions, and Parenting: A Dyadic Analysis of African American Couples
Authors: Sutton Tara E. , Simons Leslie Gordon , Simons Ronald L. , Cutrona Carolyn 
Published: September 2016

AbstractParental depression is a well‐established risk factor for couple conflict and ineffective or hostile parenting (M. C. Lovejoy, P. A. Graczyk, E. O'Hare, & G. Neuman, 2000; L. M. Papp, M. C. Goeke‐Morey, & E. M. Cummings, 2007). Although research suggests that caregiver depression may impact parenting indirectly via increased conflict between couples (e.g., R. D. Conger et al., 2002), few studies take into account the behaviors of both caregivers in exploring these relations. The goal of the current study is to employ an actor–partner mediator model to examine the complex relations among psychological distress, negative couple interactions, and parenting. Using a sample of 162 African American couples with children, we find evidence that the psychological distress of each caregiver has an effect on couple interactions for both men and women. The effects from each caregivers' distress to parenting are mainly indirect through the interactional behaviors of the mother toward the father, consistent with the father vulnerability hypothesis (e.g., E. M. Cummings, M. Goeke‐Morey, & J. Raymond, 2004).
Marital Conflict Trajectories and Associations With Children's Disruptive Behavior
Authors: Madigan Sheri , Plamondon André , Jenkins Jennifer M. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe seek to identify heterogeneous trajectories of marital conflict during the early childhood period, identify predictors associated with these trajectories, and examine associations between trajectory group membership and children's disruptive behavior. Participants were 469 families examined 4 times when the children were 2 to 54 months of age. Maternal reports of marital conflict, adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics were collected, and averaged maternal and paternal reports of child disruptive problems were used. Using growth mixture modeling, 3 trajectories of marital conflict were identified: high increasing (21.8%), high decreasing (7%), and low stable (71.2%). Maternal adverse childhood experiences predicted increased risk of belonging in the high‐increasing group, whereas depressive symptoms predicted increased risk of belonging in the high‐decreasing group. Importantly, children of mothers in the high‐increasing group exhibited higher levels of disruptive behavior at 54 months when compared with children of mothers in the high‐decreasing and low‐stable groups.
Differential Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Cortical and Deep Gray Matter Structures in African Americans and Caucasian Americans
Authors: Al‐Kawaz Mais , Monohan Elizabeth , Morris Eric , Perumal Jai S. , Nealon Nancy , Vartanian Timothy , Gauthier Susan A. 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDAfrican Americans with multiple sclerosis (AAwMS) have different disease phenotypes when compared to Caucasians Americans with MS (CAwMS). The pathologic basis of this difference in disease presentation is unknown.METHODSFifty‐Four AAwMS and 54 CAwMS were appropriately matched for age, gender, treatment duration, and disease duration. FreeSurfer was used to segment brain white matter and gray matter from T1 images and compute thalamic volume. Regional cortical thickness was calculated using QDEC.RESULTSThe 2 matched cohorts differed in disability, with AAwMS demonstrating significantly higher EDSS scores (2.3±2.2 vs. 1.3±1.5, P < .009), yet the 2 populations had similar T2 hyperintense lesion volumes (P = .35). AAwMS had a significantly lower total global cortical thickness when compared to CAwMS (P = .03). Controlling for EDSS, AAwMS showed multiple cortical regions to be significantly thinner than CAwMS; these included areas within the temporal, parietal and occipital lobes, as well as the precentral and postcentral gyrus. Middletemporal cortex was most affected in AAwMS in the left hemisphere (P = .009), while the superiortemporal cortex was most affected in the right hemisphere (P = .0001). In contrast, thalamic volume was significantly reduced in CAwMS when compared to AAwMS (P = .01). In both groups, worse disability was associated with lower total thalamic volume percentage.CONCLUSIONAAwMS and CAwMS patients differ with regard to global and regional cortical thickness and thalamic volume. This diverging pattern of gray matter volumetrics among otherwise matched patients suggests that racial‐specific disease differences may exist.
THE IMPACT OF CHINESE IMPORT COMPETITION ON THE LOCAL STRUCTURE OF EMPLOYMENT AND WAGES: EVIDENCE FROM FRANCE
Authors: Malgouyres Clément 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTThe rapid rise of Chinese exports over the past two decades has raised concerns about manufacturing jobs and wage inequality in high‐income countries. spillovers beyond the manufacturing sector are an important issue given the large size of the nontraded sector in modern economies as well as the imperfect spatial mobility of households. In this paper, I estimate the impact of Chinese import competition onto the structure of employment and wages of local labor markets in France, with an emphasis on spillovers effects beyond manufacturing and the degree of local wage inequality. Local employment and total labor income in both manufacturing and nonmanufacturing are negatively affected by rising exposure to imports. Import competition from China polarized the local structure of employment in the manufacturing sector. The wage distribution is uniformly negatively affected in manufacturing while the nontraded sector experiences wage polarization, i.e., a rise in upper‐tail inequality and a decline in bottom‐tail inequality. While overall wage inequality is on average not affected, I show that it increased in response to trade shocks in areas where the minimum wage is only weakly binding.
Prevalence of comorbidities in obese New Zealand children and adolescents at enrolment in a community‐based obesity programme
Authors: Anderson Yvonne C , Wynter Lisa E , Treves Katharine F , Grant Cameron C , Stewart Joanna M , Cave Tami L , Wild Cervantee EK , Derraik José GB , Cutfield Wayne S , Hofman Paul L 
Published: September 2016

AimThe aim of this study was to describe the characteristics at enrolment of children and adolescents referred to an obesity programme and to determine how the prevalence of comorbidities differed in Indigenous versus non‐Indigenous children.MethodsParticipants were residents of a semi‐rural region of New Zealand (NZ). Eligibility was defined by a body mass index (BMI) of ≥98th percentile or >91st centile with weight‐related comorbidities. Fasting blood, medical and physical assessments were obtained.ResultsDuring the recruitment period from January 2012 to August 2014, 239 participants, aged 4.8–16.8 years, undertook assessment. Average BMI standard deviation score was 3.09 (standard deviation (SD) = 0.60, range 1.52–5.34 SD). The majority of participants were of either Maori (NZ’s indigenous people (45%)) or NZ European (45%) ethnicity; 29% of participants were from the most deprived quintile of household deprivation.Maori participants were more likely than NZ Europeans to have a mother who smoked during pregnancy (52% vs. 28%, P = 0.001), a family history of type 2 diabetes (66% vs. 53%, P = 0.04), acanthosis nigricans on examination (58% vs. 20%, P < 0.0001), a low serum high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (27% vs. 14%, P = 0.03) or high serum triglyceride (38% vs. 24%, P = 0.03) concentration.ConclusionThe unique aspect of this study was the ability to recruit high levels of Maori participants and those from most deprived areas, indicating a high level of acceptability for these target groups. Comorbidities were prevalent in this cohort of overweight/obese school‐aged children. While there were some differences in comorbidity prevalence between Maori and NZ Europeans, the overall clinical picture in our cohort, irrespective of ethnicity, was of concern.
Sleep‐dependent memory consolidation is related to perceived value of learned material
Authors: van Rijn Elaine , Lucignoli Carlo , Izura Cristina , Blagrove Mark T. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryAlthough many types of newly encoded information can be consolidated during sleep, an enhanced effect has been found for memories tagged as relevant to the future, such as through knowledge of future testing or payment for successful recall. In the current study, participants (n = 80) learned Welsh and Breton translations of English words, and intrinsic relevance of learned material was operationalized as perceived value of the Welsh and Breton languages. Participants were non‐Welsh native English speakers who had recently arrived in Wales. Memory for the words was tested immediately and 12 h later, after either a period of wake or a period of sleep. An increase in recall for both languages was found after sleep, but not after wake. Importantly, for the sleep condition, overnight improvement in Welsh word recall was associated with participants’ level of valuing the Welsh language. This association was not found for the wake period condition. These findings support previous indications of an active role of sleep in the consolidation of memories relevant for the future, and demonstrate that this effect may be modulated by individual differences in perceived value of the learned material. It remains to be established whether this association is mediated by an emotional attachment to the language or a cognitive facility with it, or both.
Evaluating the Effects of Dietary Prebiotic Mixture of Mannan Oligosaccharide and Poly‐β‐Hydroxybutyrate on the Growth Performance, Immunity, and Survival of Rainbow Trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum 1792), Fingerlings
Authors: H. Najdegerami Ebrahim , Tokmachi Amir , Bakhshi Farideh 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of dietary poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, and disease resistance of rainbow trout fingerlings. A total of 420 fingerlings, distributed equally into four different groups, each with three replicates, were fed a basal diet (control), 2% PHB (PHB), 0.2% MOS (MOS), or a diet supplemented with a mixture of 2% PHB and 0.2% MOS (PHB+MOS) for 60 d. Results showed that dietary PHB and/or MOS did not cause significant improvement in the growth performance of the fingerlings. The gut pH was markedly reduced; however, the activities of the digestive enzymes (except for pepsin and amylase by dietary PHB) were not significantly improved by the dietary supplements. Results also showed that dietary PHB and/or MOS markedly increased the resistance of the fingerlings toward Yersinia ruckeri infection, while the lowest total antibody was observed in fish fed control and MOS, indicating that MOS exerts its protective effects by modulating other mechanisms. Overall, this study provided a first screening effort to determine the effects of PHB and/or MOS as dietary supplements in rainbow trout fingerlings to develop an optimal prebiotic mix for improving the growth and health status of rainbow trout.
Seeing Speech as Spectacle inThe White Devil
Authors: Davies Callan 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis article argues that, in the early seventeenth century, rhetorical devices and stage devices overlap. There has been much critical interest in the materiality of theatres like the Blackfriars, the Globe, and the Red Bull. Recent work in early modern theatre studies has made some broad gestures to the way in which poetic and verbal effects are linked with the practical theatrical work of the playhouse. Rhetoric and rhetorical styles have also been subject to renewed scholarly interest, with some suggesting the imminence of an “aesthetic turn” or “New Formalism.” Yet these two critical approaches often remain distinct. Attention to the interaction between speech and spectacle can unite ostensibly different angles of literary analysis and deliver further attention to the visual, philosophical, and intellectual complexity of seventeenth‐century playhouse spectacle.I begin by exploring some important terms in early modern English that point to rhetoric's participation in the material world and that suggest these two approaches, when considered from an historical perspective, are complementary. I then attend to the dumb shows and to light and darkness in JohnWebster'sThe White Devil(1612) to argue for a critical approach to early modern theatre studies that combines historically minded close reading with recent revisionist considerations of spectacle and that sees rhetorical style as part of the visual and material world of the playhouse.
Four‐year entecavir therapy reduces hepatocellular carcinoma, cirrhotic events and mortality in chronic hepatitis B patients
Authors: Su Tung‐Hung , Hu Tsung‐Hui , Chen Chi‐Yi , Huang Yi‐Hsiang , Chuang Wan‐Long , Lin Chun‐Che , Wang Chia‐Chi , Su Wei‐Wen , Chen Ming‐Yao , Peng Cheng‐Yuan , Chien Rong‐Nan , Huang Yi‐Wen , Wang Horng‐Yuan , Lin Chih‐Lin , Yang Sheng‐Shun , Chen Tsung‐Ming , Mo Lein‐Ray , Hsu Shih‐Jer , Tseng Kuo‐Chih , Hsieh Tsai‐Yuan , Suk Fat‐Moon , Hu Chi‐Tan , Bair Ming‐Jong , Liang Cheng‐Chao , Lei Yung‐Chao , Tseng Tai‐Chung , Chen Chi‐Ling , Kao Jia‐Horng ,   the C‐TEAM study group and the Taiwan Liver Diseases Consortium
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackground & AimsOral antiviral therapy may reduce the disease progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. We aimed to further investigate the efficacy of long‐term entecavir therapy in reduction of the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cirrhotic events and mortality in a large group of CHB‐related cirrhosis patients.MethodsThe C‐TEAM (Cirrhosis‐Taiwanese EntecAvir Multicenter) study was a nationwide, multicenter, retrospective–prospective cohort study in Taiwan. We enrolled treatment‐naïve patients with CHB‐related cirrhosis and baseline HBV‐DNA≥2000 IU/mL receiving long‐term entecavir therapy and compared the development of HCC, cirrhotic events and mortality with that of a historical untreated cohort.ResultsIn total, 1315 entecavir‐treated and 503 untreated patients with cirrhosis were enrolled, with median treatment and follow‐up durations of 4 and 6 years respectively. Compared with the untreated cohort, entecavir therapy was associated with a 60% HCC risk reduction [hazard ratio (HR): 0.40, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28‐0.57]. Additionally, an older age, the male gender, HBeAg positivity, alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP)≥7 ng/mL before therapy were independent predictors of HCC development. Further analysis showed that entecavir therapy significantly reduced risks of variceal bleeding, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, and liver‐related and all‐cause mortality. These findings were confirmed by propensity score‐matched cohorts in sensitivity analysis. In patients under entecavir therapy, an older age, the male gender, HBeAg positivity, AFP level ≥7 ng/mL before therapy, and 1‐year virological response were predictive of HCC development.ConclusionsFour‐year entecavir therapy significantly reduces the risk of HCC, cirrhotic events and mortality in patients with CHB‐related cirrhosis.
Contrasting effects of intra‐ and interspecific identity and richness of ectomycorrhizal fungi on host plants, nutrient retention and multifunctionality
Authors: Hazard Christina , Kruitbos Laura , Davidson Hazel , Taylor Andy F. S. , Johnson David 
Published: September 2016

Summary

A major gap in our understanding of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships concerns the role of intra‐ and interspecific diversity of mycorrhizal fungi, which are critical for plant fitness, biogeochemical cycling and other processes. Here, we test the hypothesis that the identity and richness of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi at the intra‐ and interspecific levels affect ecosystem multifunctionality by regulating plant and fungal productivity, soil CO2 efflux and nutrient retention.

Microcosms containing Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings colonized by different ECM fungal isolates, in monocultures and mixtures, enabled us to test for both intra‐ and interspecific identity and richness effects, and transgressive overyielding.

Intra‐ and interspecific identity had modest but significant effects on plant and fungal productivity and nutrient retention, but no effect on CO2 efflux. Intraspecific richness increased plant root productivity and ECM root tips but decreased hyphal length, whereas interspecific richness had no effects. Interspecific mixtures outperformed the most productive monocultures in only 10% of the cases, compared with 42% for the intraspecific mixtures.

Both intra‐ and interspecific identity and richness of ECM fungi regulate ecosystem multifunctionality, but their effects on the direction and magnitude of individual variables differ. Transgressive overyielding suggests that positive niche complementarity effects are driving some of the responses to intraspecific richness.