bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Forms of Regulation: Are They Really ‘Better’ Regulation?
Authors: Eliantonio Mariolina 
Published: July 2017

Alternative Forms of Regulation: Are They Really ‘Better’ Regulation? A Case Study of the European Standardization Process
One of the commitments of the Better Regulation Package is to consider ‘both regulatory and well-designed non-regulatory means’. Such mechanisms include co-regulation, i.e. administrative processes which involve the participation of private parties, such as the social partners or the standardization bodies, as (co-)decision makers. While the involvement of private parties in European Union (EU) administrative governance has the clear advantage of delivering policies which are based on the expertise of the regulatees themselves, private-party rule-making raises significant concerns in terms of its legitimacy. This article aims to discuss the gaps of judicial protection which exist in co-regulation mechanisms, by taking the case study of the standardization process. After an introduction to the issue of co-regulation and the rationale for the involvement of private parties in EU administrative governance, the standardization process will be examined and the mechanisms of judicial supervision will be reviewed in order to establish the possible gaps of judicial protection.
Gascogne-arresten
Authors: Zuidema Marie 
Published: July 2017

Gascogne-arresten
Op 26 november 2013 heeft het Hof van Justitie een drietal arresten gewezen in hogere voorziening tegen de uitspraken van het Gerecht van Eerste Aanleg inzake het industriëlezakkenkartel. Het Hof van Justitie overweegt in deze arresten onder meer dat het enige rechtsmiddel tegen een schending van het beginsel van de redelijke termijn door het Gerecht een schadevergoedingsactie is, die bij het Gerecht dient te worden ingesteld ex artikel 268 en artikel 340 lid 2 van het Verdrag betreffende de werking van de Europese Unie (VWEU). In deze annotatie zal de nadruk liggen op dit aspect van de arresten.
Interlaboratory Comparison for the Determination of 24,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 in Human Serum Using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Wise Stephen A , Tai Susan S-C , Nelson Michael A , Burdette Carolyn Q , Camara Johanna E , Hoofnagle Andrew N , Laha Thomas J , Carter Graham D , Jones Julia , Williams Emma L , Barclay Zoe J , Jones Glenville , Kaufmann Martin , Binkley Neil , Kapoor Amita , Ziegler Toni , Cashman Kevin D , Dowling Kirsten G , Sempos Christopher T 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Six laboratories associated with the Vitamin D Standardization Program (VDSP) participated in an interlaboratory comparison of LC with tandem MS (MS/MS) methods for the determination of 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [24,25(OH)2D3] in human serum. The laboratories analyzed two different serum-based Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) intended for use in the determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 30 samples from the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS). All laboratorymethods for 24,25(OH)2D3 were based on isotope dilution LC-MS/MS; three of the methods used derivatization of the vitamin D metabolites before LC-MS/MS. Laboratory results were compared to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) results, which were obtained using their newly developed candidate reference measurement procedure for 24,25(OH)2D3. Laboratory results for the SRM samples varied in comparability to the NIST results, with one laboratory in excellent agreement (−1.6% mean bias), three laboratories at 10–15% mean bias, and the remaining laboratory at 36% mean bias. For the 30 DEQAS samples, the mean bias for the five laboratories ranged from 6 to 15%; however, the SD of the bias ranged from 8 to 29%. As a result of this intercomparison study, one laboratory discovered and corrected a methodcalculation error and another laboratory modified and improved their LC-MS/MS method.
Factors affecting resistance of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) shoots to cold stress in vitro
Authors: Peleckis Remigijus , Burbulis Natalija , Blinstrubienė Aušra , Jonytienė Vaida 
Published: July 2017

Research was carried out at the Institute of Biology and Plant Biotechnology of Aleksandras Stulginskis University and at the Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology of the Joint Research Centre. The effect of cultivar, acclimation duration and exogenous L-glutamic acid on the changes of proline level and electrolyte leakage in shoots of winter rapeseed was evaluated. The shoots were cultivated in the MS medium supplemented with 0, 1, 2, 3 and 4.0 mM l–1 L-glutamic acid. The resistance of shoots to cold stress (at –8 °C for 24 h) was estimated by an electrolyte leakage test. It was found that the exogenous L-glutamic acid stimulates the synthesis of endogenous proline in non-acclimated as well as acclimated shoots. The highest increasing in cold resistance of winter rapeseed shoots has been obtained under the synergic effect of L-glutamic acid and acclimation. The shoots of cultivar ‘SY Kolumb’ were most cold-resistant independent of the acclimation duration and the concentration of L-glutamic acid in the medium.
Heat-treatment as a measure for microbiological quality improvement of walnuts and peanuts
Authors: Žudytė Bernadeta , Ramonaitė Sigita 
Published: July 2017

The aim of this research was to evaluate the influence of heat-treatment on the microbiological indexes of walnuts and peanuts.
Two separate experiments were performed; each of them was replicated 3 times. Walnuts were blanched with 40, 60, 80 and 100 °C water for 1, 2 and 5 min. Peanuts were roasted at 100, 110 and 120 °C for 20, 40 and 60 min. The prepared samples were inoculated in disposable Petri dishes with the DG18 medium and held for 5 days at 25 °C temperature. After the incubation the amount of moulds was quantified.
The experiment showed that the heat-treatment of ≥80 °C completely destroyed moulds in walnuts, the heat-treatment of 60 °C was effective for reducing of microorganisms, and the heat-treatment of 40 °C only slightly reduced their number (p 0.05).
Both analysed factors were significant for roasted peanuts (p > 0.05). The number of moulds was reduced by 51.47% after roasting peanuts for 20 min at 100 °C. Despite the fact that roasting is an effective method to reduce the number of microorganisms, moulds were completely destroyed only in one sample, which was roasted at 120 °C for 60 min.
Testing Munk's hypothesis for submesoscale eddy generation using observations in the North Atlantic
Authors: Buckingham Christian E. , Khaleel Zammath , Lazar Ayah , Martin Adrian P. , Allen John T. , Naveira Garabato Alberto C. , Thompson Andrew F. , Vic Clément 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA high‐resolution satellite image that reveals a train of coherent, submesoscale (6 km) vortices along the edge of an ocean front is examined in concert with hydrographic measurements in an effort to understand formation mechanisms of the submesoscale eddies. The infrared satellite image consists of ocean surface temperatures at
m resolution over the midlatitude North Atlantic (48.69°N, 16.19°W). Concomitant altimetric observations coupled with regular spacing of the eddies suggest the eddies result from mesoscale stirring, filamentation, and subsequent frontal instability. While horizontal shear or barotropic instability (BTI) is one mechanism for generating such eddies (Munk's hypothesis), we conclude from linear theory coupled with the in situ data that mixed layer or submesoscale baroclinic instability (BCI) is a more plausible explanation for the observed submesoscale vortices. Here we assume that the frontal disturbance remains in its linear growth stage and is accurately described by linear dynamics. This result likely has greater applicability to the open ocean, i.e., regions where the gradient Rossby number is reduced relative to its value along coasts and within strong current systems. Given that such waters comprise an appreciable percentage of the ocean surface and that energy and buoyancy fluxes differ under BTI and BCI, this result has wider implications for open‐ocean energy/buoyancy budgets and parameterizations within ocean general circulation models. In summary, this work provides rare observational evidence of submesoscale eddy generation by BCI in the open ocean.
Dose comparison between Gafchromic film, XiO, and Monaco treatment planning systems in a novel pelvic phantom that contains a titanium hip prosthesis
Authors: Ade Nicholas , du Plessis F.C.P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe presence of metallic prostheses during external beam radiotherapy of malignancies in the pelvic region has the potential to strongly influence the dose distribution to the target and to tissue surrounded by the prostheses. This study systematically investigates the perturbation effects of unilateral titanium prosthesis on 6 and 15 MV photon beam dose distributions using Gafchromic EBT2 film measurements in a novel pelvic phantom made out of a stack of nylon slices. Comparisons were also made between the film data and dose calculations made on XiO and Monaco treatment planning systems. The collapsed cone algorithm was chosen for the XiO and the Monte Carlo algorithm used on Monaco is XVMC. Transmission measurements were taken using a narrow‐beam geometry to determine the mass attenuation coefficient of nylon = 0.0458 cm2/g and for a water‐equivalent RW3 phantom, it was 0.0465 cm2/g. The perturbation effects of the prosthesis on dose distributions were investigated by measuring and comparing dose maps and profiles. The magnitude of dose perturbations was quantified by calculating dose enhancement and reduction factors using field sizes of 3 × 3, 5 × 5, 10 × 10, and 15 × 15 cm2. For the studied beams and field sizes, dose enhancements between 21 and 30% and dose reductions between 15 and 21% were observed at the nylon‐prosthesis interface on the proximal and distal sides of the prosthesis for film measurements. The dose escalation increases with beam energy, and the dose reduction due to attenuation decreases with increasing beam energy when compared to unattenuated beam data. A comparison of film and XiO depth doses for the studied fields gave relative errors between 1.1 and 23.2% at the proximal and distal interfaces of the Ti prosthesis. Also, relative errors < 4.0% were obtained between film and Monaco dose data outside the prosthesis for 6 and 15 MV lateral opposing fields.
Nucleophilic Amination of Methoxy Arenes Promoted by a Sodium Hydride/Iodide Composite
Authors: Kaga Atsushi , Hayashi Hirohito , Hakamata Hiroyuki , Oi Miku , Uchiyama Masanobu , Takita Ryo , Chiba Shunsuke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA method for the nucleophilic amination of methoxy arenes was established by using sodium hydride (NaH) in the presence of lithium iodide (LiI). This method offers an efficient route to benzannulated nitrogen heterocycles. Mechanistic studies showed that the reaction proceeds through an unusual concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution.
β‐Lactam Synthesis through Diodomethane Addition to Amide Dianions
Authors: Zidan Alaa , Garrec Julian , Cordier Marie , El‐Naggar Abeer M. , Abd El‐Sattar Nour E. A. , Ali Ali Khalil , Hassan Mohamed Ali , El Kaim Laurent 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a novel route for the quick and easy synthesis of a broad range of β‐lactams. The synthesis involves a [3+1] cyclization of amide dianions with diiodomethane. In contrast to the seminal work of Hirai et al. from 1979, the reaction proved to be a general and efficient approach towards azetidinones. The ease of the process was confirmed by DFT calculations and its power demonstrated by a diversity‐oriented synthesis of β‐lactams with four points of diversity determined by the choice of Ugi adducts as starting materials.
Synergistic Cu/Pd Catalysis for Enantioselective Allylic Alkylation of Aldimine Esters: Access to α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids
Authors: Wei Liang , Xu Shi‐Ming , Zhu Qiao , Che Chao , Wang Chun‐Jiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAn unprecedented enantioselective allylic alkylation of readily available aldimine esters has been developed, and is catalyzed by a synergistic Cu/Pd catalyst system. This strategy provides facile access to nonproteinogenic α,α‐disubstituted α‐amino acids in high yield with excellent enantioselectivity. The more challenging double allylic alkylation of glycinate‐derived imine esters was also realized. Furthermore, this methodology was applied for the construction of the key intermediate of PLG peptidomimetics.
Efficient Photoelectrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Formic Acid: A Functionalized Ionic Liquid as an Absorbent and Electrolyte
Authors: Lu Weiwei , Jia Bo , Cui Beilei , Zhang Yuan , Yao Kaisheng , Zhao Yuling , Wang Jianji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) is a potential method for production of fuels and chemicals from a C1 feedstock accumulated in the atmosphere. However, the low solubility of CO2 in water, and complicated processes associated with capture and conversion, render CO2 conversion inefficient. A new concept is proposed in which a PEC system is used to capture and convert CO2 into formic acid. The process is assisted by an ionic liquid (1‐aminopropyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide) aqueous solution, which functions as an absorbent and electrolyte at ambient temperature and pressure. Within this PEC reduction strategy, the ionic liquid plays a critical role in promoting the conversion of CO2 to formic acid and suppressing the reduction of H2O to H2. At an applied voltage of 1.7 V, the Faradaic efficiency for formic acid production is as high as 94.1 % and the electro‐to‐chemical efficiency is 86.2 %.
Structure–property modification of microcrystalline cellulose film using agar and propylene glycol alginate
Authors: Harnkarnsujarit Nathdanai , Li Yue 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTMicrocrystalline cellulose gum (MCG) forms edible films with poor physical and barrier properties. This study investigated the effects of incorporated agar and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) on structure and property of MCG films. The addition of agar and PGA modified the microstructure and reduced pinholes contributed to lower water vapor permeability (WVP) and improved tensile property of agar–MCG films. However, PGA–MCG had reduced tensile strength possibly due to incompatibility between polymer networks, however, showed a synergistic light barrier. The increased surface hydrophobicity (θ ∼ 30°–75°) correlated well with decreased WVP for agar, PGA, and their composites which diverted from pure MCG films. The MCG reduced the thermal stability of agar; however, the PGA had no effect. Conversely, agar and PGA increased the thermal stability of the MCG component. The infrared spectra revealed insignificant H‐bonding and molecular interaction between polymers. Therefore, the results indicated that agar and PGA improved stability, mechanical, and barrier properties of edible MCG films via physical entanglement. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45533.
Pharmacokinetics of dinalbuphine sebacate and nalbuphine in human after intramuscular injection of dinalbuphine sebacate in an extended‐release formulation
Authors: Tien Yu en , Huang Wen‐Chuan , Kuo Hui‐Yuan , Tai Lily , Uang Yow‐Shieng , Chern Wendy H. , Huang Jin‐Ding 
Published: July 2017

AbstractNalbuphine is a semi‐synthetic opioid indicated for the relief of moderate to severe pain. Its short half‐life requires frequent injections in clinical practice, resulting in a greater incidence of adverse events. A prodrug of nalbuphine has been developed, dinalbuphine sebacate (DNS), dissolved in a simple oil‐based injectable formulation, which could deliver and maintain an effective blood level of nalbuphine. An open‐label, prospective, two‐period study was performed in healthy volunteers to verify the extended blood concentration profile of nalbuphine. Twelve healthy Taiwanese were randomized to receive an intramuscular injection of 20 mg nalbuphine HCl and 150 mg DNS sequentially with a washout period of 5 days. To prevent DNS hydrolysis during sample analysis, the effect of four esterase inhibitors was evaluated in the quantitation of DNS in human whole blood and thenoyltrifluoroacetone was chosen. The bioavailability of nalbuphine from intramuscularly injected DNS relative to that from nalbuphine HCl was 85.4%. The mean absorption time of nalbuphine from DNS was 145.2 h. It took approximately 6 days for the complete release of DNS into the blood stream where DNS was rapidly hydrolysed to nalbuphine; suggesting a single injection of 150 mg DNS in our extended‐release formulation could provide long‐lasting pain relief.
Homo‐ and heteropolymer self‐assembly of recombinant trichocytic keratins
Authors: Parker Rachael N. , Roth Kristina L. , Kim Christina , McCord Jennifer P. , Van Dyke Mark E. , Grove Tijana Z. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn the past two decades, keratin biomaterials have shown impressive results as scaffolds for tissue engineering, wound healing, and nerve regeneration. In addition to its intrinsic biocompatibility, keratin interacts with specific cell receptors eliciting beneficial biochemical cues. However, during extraction from natural sources, such as hair and wool fibers, natural keratins are subject to extensive processing conditions that lead to formation of unwanted by‐products. Additionally, natural keratins suffer from limited sequence tunability. Recombinant keratin proteins can overcome these drawbacks while maintaining the desired chemical and physical characteristics of natural keratins. Herein, we present the bacterial expression, purification, and solution characterization of human hair keratins K31 and K81. The obligate heterodimerization of the K31/K81 pair that results in formation of intermediate filaments is maintained in the recombinant proteins. Surprisingly, we have for the first time observed new zero‐ and one‐dimensional nanostructures from homooligomerization of K81 and K31, respectively. Further analysis of the self‐assembly mechanism highlights the importance of disulfide crosslinking in keratin self‐assembly.
Serpentine supravenous hyperpigmentation
Authors: Jamalpur Indirakshi , Mogili Harikrishna Reddy , Koratala Abhilash 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageSerpentine supravenous hyperpigmentation is a peculiar cutaneous eruption that follows the path of vein after intravenous injection of the chemotherapeutic agent. The lesions gradually resolve spontaneously if administration of the offending agent is stopped through the affected limb. Drugs such as 5‐fluorouracil, docetaxel, vinorelbine, hydroxychloroquine, fotemustine, and minocycline are implicated.
Experimental and First‐Principles Evidence for Interfacial Activity of Ru/TiO2 for the Direct Conversion of m‐Cresol to Toluene
Authors: Omotoso Taiwo O. , Baek Byeongjin , Grabow Lars C. , Crossley Steven P. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe front cover artwork for Issue 14/2017 is provided by the groups of Professor Grabow (University of Houston) and Professor Crossley (University of Oklahoma). The image shows the transition state for proton‐assisted C[1]O bond breaking in cresol at the interface between ruthenium and titania. Electron density data indicates the changes in chemical bonding. See the Full Paper itself at https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201700157.
Anticancer Gold N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: A Comparative in vitro and ex vivo Study
Authors: Estrada‐Ortiz Natalia , Guarra Federica , de Graaf Inge A. M. , Marchetti Lorella , de Jager Marina H. , Groothuis Geny M. M. , Gabbiani Chiara , Casini Angela 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of organometallic AuI N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes was synthesized and characterized for anticancer activity in four human cancer cell lines. The compounds’ toxicity in healthy tissue was determined using precision‐cut kidney slices (PCKS) as a tool to determine the potential selectivity of the gold complexes ex vivo. All evaluated compounds presented cytotoxic activity toward the cancer cells in the nano‐ or low micromolar range. The mixed AuI NHC complex, (tert‐butylethynyl)‐1,3‐bis‐(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene gold(I), bearing an alkynyl moiety as ancillary ligand, showed high cytotoxicity in cancer cells in vitro, while being barely toxic in healthy rat kidney tissues. The obtained results open new perspectives toward the design of mixed NHC–alkynyl gold complexes for cancer therapy.
HER2 mutations in lung adenocarcinomas: A report from the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium
Authors: Pillai Rathi N. , Behera Madhusmita , Berry Lynne D. , Rossi Mike R. , Kris Mark G. , Johnson Bruce E. , Bunn Paul A. , Ramalingam Suresh S. , Khuri Fadlo R. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDHuman epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) mutations have been reported in lung adenocarcinomas. Herein, the authors describe the prevalence, clinical features, and outcomes associated with HER2 mutations in 1007 patients in the Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC).METHODSPatients with advanced‐stage lung adenocarcinomas were enrolled to the LCMC. Tumor specimens were assessed for diagnosis and adequacy; multiplexed genotyping was performed in Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendments (CLIA)‐certified laboratories to examine 10 oncogenic drivers. The LCMC database was queried for patients with HER2 mutations to access demographic data, treatment history, and vital status. An exploratory analysis was performed to evaluate the survival of patients with HER2 mutations who were treated with HER2‐directed therapies.RESULTSA total of 920 patients were tested for HER2 mutations; 24 patients (3%) harbored exon 20 insertion mutations (95% confidence interval, 2%‐4%). One patient had a concurrent mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor (MET) amplification. The median age of the patients was 62 years, with a slight predominance of females over males (14 females vs 10 males). The majority of the patients were never‐smokers (71%) and presented with advanced disease at the time of diagnosis. The median survival for patients who received HER2‐targeted therapies (12 patients) was 2.1 years compared with 1.4 years for those who did not (12 patients) (P = .48). Patients with HER2 mutations were found to have inferior survival compared with the rest of the LCMC cohort with other mutations: the median survival was 3.5 years in the LCMC population receiving targeted therapy and 2.4 years for patients not receiving targeted therapy.CONCLUSIONSHER2 mutations were detected in 3% of patients with lung adenocarcinoma in the LCMC. HER2‐directed therapies should be investigated in this subgroup of patients. Cancer 2017;123:4099–4105. © 2017 American Cancer Society.