bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Saliva diagnostics – Current views and directions
Authors: Kaczor-Urbanowicz Karolina Elżbieta , Martin Carreras-Presas Carmen , Aro Katri , Tu Michael , Garcia-Godoy Franklin , Wong David TW 
Published: December 2016

In this review, we provide an update on the current and future applications of saliva for diagnostic purposes. There are many advantages of using saliva as a biofluid. Its collection is fast, easy, inexpensive, and non-invasive. In addition, saliva, as a “mirror of the body,” can reflect the physiological and pathological state of the body. Therefore, it serves as a diagnostic and monitoring tool in many fields of science such as medicine, dentistry, and pharmacotherapy. Introduced in 2008, the term “Salivaomics” aimed to highlight the rapid development of knowledge about various “omics” constituents of saliva, including: proteome, transcriptome, micro-RNA, metabolome, and microbiome. In the last few years, researchers have developed new technologies and validated a wide range of salivary biomarkers that will soon make the use of saliva a clinical reality. However, a great need still exists for convenient and accurate point-of-care devices that can serve as a non-invasive diagnostic tool. In addition, there is an urgent need to decipher the scientific rationale and mechanisms that convey systemic diseases to saliva. Another promising technology called liquid biopsy enables detection of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and fragments of tumor DNA in saliva, thus enabling non-invasive early detection of various cancers. The newly developed technology—electric field-induced release and measurement (EFIRM) provides near perfect detection of actionable mutations in lung cancer patients. These recent advances widened the salivary diagnostic approach from the oral cavity to the whole physiological system, and thus point towards a promising future of salivary diagnostics for personalized individual medicine applications including clinical decisions and post-treatment outcome predictions. Impact statement The purpose of this mini-review is to make an update about the present and future applications of saliva as a diagnostic biofluid in many fields of science such as dentistry, medicine and pharmacotherapy. Using saliva as a fluid for diagnostic purposes would be a huge breakthrough for both patients and healthcare providers since saliva collection is easy, non-invasive and inexpensive. We will go through the current main diagnostic applications of saliva, and provide a highlight on the emerging, newly developing technologies and tools for cancer screening, detection and monitoring.
Identifying key experience-related differences in over-ground manual wheelchair propulsion biomechanics
Authors: Symonds Andrew , Holloway Catherine , Suzuki Tatsuto , Smitham Peter , Gall Angela , Taylor Stephen JG 
Published: December 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate technique differences between expert and novice manual wheelchair users during over-ground wheelchair propulsion. Method Seven experts (spinal cord injury level between T5 and L1) and six novices (non-wheelchair users) pushed a manual wheelchair over level ground, a 2.5% cross slope and up a 6.5% incline (7.2 m length) and 12% incline (1.5 m length). Push rim kinetics, trunk and shoulder kinematics and muscle activity level were measured. Results During the level and cross slope tasks, the experts completed the tasks with fewer pushes by applying a similar push rim moment over a greater push arc, demonstrating lower muscle activity. During the incline tasks, the experts required fewer pushes and maintained a greater average velocity, generating greater power by applying a similar push rim moment over a greater push arc with greater angular velocity, demonstrating greater trunk flexion and higher shoulder muscle activity. Conclusions This study identifies experience-related differences during over-ground manual wheelchair propulsion. These differences are particularly evident during incline propulsion, with the experts generating significantly greater power to maintain a higher velocity.
An anti-CD3/anti–CLL-1 bispecific antibody for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Leong Steven R. , Sukumaran Siddharth , Hristopoulos Maria , Totpal Klara , Stainton Shannon , Lu Elizabeth , Wong Alfred , Tam Lucinda , Newman Robert , Vuillemenot Brian R. , Ellerman Diego , Gu Chen , Mathieu Mary , Dennis Mark S. , Nguyen Allen , Zheng Bing , Zhang Crystal , Lee Genee , Chu Yu-Waye , Prell Rodney A. , Lin Kedan , Laing Steven T. , Polson Andrew G. 
Published: December 2016

Key Points
Bispecific antibodies binding CD3 and CLL-1 deplete CLL-1+ target cells in animal models. An appropriately engineered CLL-1/CD3 bispecific antibody could be effective in treating AML.
Malignant pleural mesothelioma: an update on investigation, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Bibby Anna C. , Tsim Selina , Kanellakis Nikolaos , Ball Hannah , Talbot Denis C. , Blyth Kevin G. , Maskell Nick A. , Psallidas Ioannis 
Published: December 2016

Malignant pleural mesothelioma is an aggressive malignancy of the pleural surface, predominantly caused by prior asbestos exposure. There is a global epidemic of malignant pleural mesothelioma underway, and incidence rates are predicted to peak in the next few years.This article summarises the epidemiology and pathogenesis of malignant pleural mesothelioma, before describing some key factors in the patient experience and outlining common symptoms. Diagnostic approaches are reviewed, including imaging techniques and the role of various biomarkers. Treatment options are summarised, including the importance of palliative care and methods of controlling pleural effusions. The evidence for chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery is reviewed, both in the palliative setting and in the context of trimodality treatment. An algorithm for managing malignant pleural effusion in malignant pleural mesothelioma patients is presented. Finally new treatment developments and novel therapeutic approaches are summarised.
Physiology of respiratory disturbances in muscular dystrophies
Authors: Lo Mauro Antonella , Aliverti Andrea 
Published: December 2016

Muscular dystrophy is a group of inherited myopathies characterised by progressive skeletal muscle wasting, including of the respiratory muscles. Respiratory failure,i.e. when the respiratory system fails in its gas exchange functions, is a common feature in muscular dystrophy, being the main cause of death, and it is a consequence of lung failure, pump failure or a combination of the two. The former is due to recurrent aspiration, the latter to progressive weakness of respiratory muscles and an increase in the load against which they must contract. In fact, both the resistive and elastic components of the work of breathing increase due to airway obstruction and chest wall and lung stiffening, respectively.The respiratory disturbances in muscular dystrophy are restrictive pulmonary function, hypoventilation, altered thoracoabdominal pattern, hypercapnia, dyspnoea, impaired regulation of breathing, inefficient cough and sleep disordered breathing. They can be present at different rates according to the type of muscular dystrophy and its progression, leading to different onset of each symptom, prognosis and degree of respiratory involvement.Key pointsA common feature of muscular dystrophy is respiratory failure,i.e.the inability of the respiratory system to provide proper oxygenation and carbon dioxide elimination.In the lung, respiratory failure is caused by recurrent aspiration, and leads to hypoxaemia and hypercarbia.Ventilatory failure in muscular dystrophy is caused by increased respiratory load and respiratory muscles weakness.Respiratory load increases in muscular dystrophy because scoliosis makes chest wall compliance decrease, atelectasis and fibrosis make lung compliance decrease, and airway obstruction makes airway resistance increase.The consequences of respiratory pump failure are restrictive pulmonary function, hypoventilation, altered thoracoabdominal pattern, hypercapnia, dyspnoea, impaired regulation of breathing, inefficient cough and sleep disordered breathing.Educational aimsTo understand the mechanisms leading to respiratory disturbances in patients with muscular dystrophy.To understand the impact of respiratory disturbances in patients with muscular dystrophy.To provide a brief description of the main forms of muscular dystrophy with their respiratory implications.
MeFiT: merging and filtering tool for illumina paired-end reads for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing
Authors: Parikh Hardik I. , Koparde Vishal N. , Bradley Steven P. , Buck Gregory A. , Sheth Nihar U. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing have revolutionized genomic research. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing using paired-end sequencing on the MiSeq platform from Illumina, Inc., is being used to characterize the composition and dynamics of extremely complex/diverse microbial communities. For this analysis on the Illumina platform, merging and quality filtering of paired-end reads are essential first steps in data analysis to ensure the accuracy and reliability of downstream analysis.

Results
We have developed the Merging and Filtering Tool (MeFiT) to combine these pre-processing steps into one simple, intuitive pipeline. MeFiT invokes CASPER (context-aware scheme for paired-end reads) for merging paired-end reads and provides users the option to quality filter the reads using the traditional average Q-score metric or using a maximum expected error cut-off threshold.

Conclusions
MeFiT provides an open-source solution that permits users to merge and filter paired end illumina reads. The tool has been implemented in python and the source-code is freely available at https://github.com/nisheth/MeFiT.
Clinically useful screen for borderline personality disorder in psychiatric out-patients
Authors: Zimmerman Mark , Multach Matthew D. , Dalrymple Kristy , Chelminski Iwona 
Published: December 2016

SummaryA total of 3674 psychiatric out-patients were evaluated with a semi-structured diagnostic interview for DSM-IV borderline personality disorder (BPD). The affective instability criterion had a sensitivity of 92.8%, higher than the sensitivities of the other eight BPD criteria. The negative predictive value of the affective instability criterion was 99%. We recommend that clinicians screen for BPD in the same way that they screen for other psychiatric disorders: by enquiring about a single feature of the disorder (i.e. affective instability), the presence of which identifies most patients with the disorder and the absence of which rules out the disorder.
Negative Hyperconjugation in Acidity of Polyfluorinated Alkanes. A Natural Bond Orbital Analysis
Authors: Suenaga Masahiko , Nakata Kazuhide , Abboud José-Luis M , Mishima Masaaki 
Published: December 2016

AbstractNatural bond orbital (NBO) analysis has been applied to various polyfluorinated carbanions. The E(2)[LP(Cα)→σ*(Cβ-F) or σ*(Cβ-Cγ)] values that are interaction energies between a lone pair NBO at the anionic center carbon and the σ*(Cβ-F) or σ*(Cβ-Cγ) NBO increased with the corresponding Cβ-F or Cβ-Cγ bond distances, respectively, being consistent with the molecular orbital theory on negative hyperconjugation. The total E(2) values for the interactions of a lone pair orbital with all σ*(Cβ-F) and σ*(Cβ-Cγ) orbitals were linearly correlated with gas-phase acidities of the corresponding alkanes, giving two lines for the carbanions having no β-fluorine atom and for the primary and secondary carbanions having β-fluorine atoms (slopes of 0.57 and 1.56, respectively). The major E(2)[LP(Cα)→σ*(Cβ-F)] values in the respective anions were found to be linearly correlated with the ΔG°β-F values as an empirical measure of β-fluorine negative hyperconjugation obtained from an increased acidity of the molecule owing to the presence of β-fluorine. However, the magnitude of ΔG°β-F was much smaller than the E(2)[LP(Cα)→σ*(Cβ-F)] value, indicating that the absolute values of the β-fluorine negative hyperconjugation are smaller than the E(2) interaction energies.
Ageing, deep vein thrombosis and male gender predict poor outcome after acute Achilles tendon rupture
Authors: Arverud E. Domeij- , Anundsson P. , Hardell E. , Barreng G. , Edman G. , Latifi A. , Labruto F. , Ackermann P. W. 
Published: December 2016

AimsPatients with an acute Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) take a long time to heal, have a high incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and widely variable functional outcomes. This variation in outcome may be explained by a lack of knowledge of adverse factors, and a subsequent shortage of appropriate interventions.Patients and MethodsA total of 111 patients (95 men, 16 women; mean age 40.3, standard deviation 8.4) with an acute total ATR were prospectively assessed. At one year post-operatively a uniform outcome score, Achilles Combined Outcome Score (ACOS), was obtained by combining three validated, independent, outcome measures: Achilles tendon Total Rupture Score, heel-rise height test, and limb symmetry heel-rise height. Predictors of ACOS included treatment; gender; age; smoking; body mass index; time to surgery; physical activity level pre- and post-injury; symptoms; quality of life and incidence of DVT.ResultsThere were three independent variables that correlated significantly with the dichotomised outcome score (ACOS), while there was no correlation with other factors. An age of less than 40 years old was the strongest independent predictor of a good outcome one year after ATR (odds ratio (OR) 0.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08 to 0.51), followed by female gender (OR) 4.18, 95% CI 1.01 to 17.24). Notably, patients who did not have a DVT while immobilised post-operatively had a better outcome (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.80).ConclusionOver the age of 40 years, male gender and having a DVT while immobilised are independent negative predictors of outcome in patients with an acute ATR. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1635–41.
Parent and Teacher Perspectives on Friendships and Social Interactions of Secondary Students With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Rossetti Zachary , Lehr Donna , Huang Shuoxi , Ghai Jessica , Harayama Nancy 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFriendships between students with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) remain infrequent, especially at the secondary level. However, when friendships between students with and without IDD have developed, direct support from parents and teachers has been a critical facilitator. Thus, this qualitative study examined parent (n = 10) and teacher (n = 20) perspectives on friendships and social interactions of middle and high school students with IDD receiving special education services in inclusive settings at least part of the day. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with each participant and analyzed inductively using a multistage process of open and then thematic coding. The thematic findings suggest that the challenge of friendship development between students with and without IDD is ongoing, though there may be potential in focusing more explicitly and intentionally on increasing social interaction opportunities both in and out of school. Implications for future research and practice are described in the context of supporting students with and without IDD to increase social interactions and develop friendships.
Das Bibliotheksgesetz Schleswig-Holstein
Authors: Steinhauer Eric W. 
Published: December 2016

Zusammenfassung
Der vorliegende Beitrag schildert das Gesetzgebungsverfahren für das neue Bibliotheksgesetz in Schleswig-Holstein. Die einzelnen Bestimmungen des Gesetzes werden in einem kursorischen Überblick vorgestellt. Einen Schwerpunkt bildet dabei das neue Pflichtexemplarrecht. Abschließend wird das Bibliotheksgesetz Schleswig-Holstein bibliothekspolitisch eingeordnet. Dabei zeigt sich, dass mit dem fünften deutschen Bibliotheksgesetz eine neue Dimension bibliothekarischer Gesetzgebung erreicht wurde, die auch finanzielle Aspekte umfasst.
MoveSteg: A Method of Network Steganography Detection
Authors: Szczypiorski Krzysztof , Tyl Tomasz 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This article presents a new method for detecting a source point of time based network steganography - MoveSteg. A steganography carrier could be an example of multimedia stream made with packets. These packets are then delayed intentionally to send hidden information using time based steganography methods. The presented analysis describes a method that allows finding the source of steganography stream in network that is under our management.
Network Steganography in the DNS Protocol
Authors: Drzymała Michał , Szczypiorski Krzysztof , Urbański Marek Łukasz 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
This paper presents possibility of using of the DNS (Domain Name System) protocol for creating a simplex communication channel between a malware-infected computer with a compromised DNS server. The proposed channel can be used to steal data or confidential enterprise information secretly.
Experimental Study on Heat and Mass Transfer of Millet in a Fixed Furnace
Authors: Gu Conghui , Yuan Zhulin , Yan Yaming , Luo Dengshan , Li Bin , Zhang Mingjian 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
A series of experiments on the heat and mass transfer of millet particles are conducted in order to demonstrate the effects on drying characteristics of particles in this work. Experimental results illustrate that thermal conductivity between particles is significantly influenced by temperature and moisture content of millet particles. The temperature of particles in axial and radial direction increases because of the increase of inner wall temperature and decreases with the increase of air flow velocity. Moreover, the moisture content of particles near the inner wall has experienced a significant drop with the increase of inner wall temperature. As a consequence, the increase of air flow velocity results from the decrease of particles moisture content and drying rate of particles increases due to the increase of air flow velocity. Furthermore, the accumulated height of particles has barely influenced on the drying characteristics of millet particles.
Functional and Rheological Properties of Piñuela (Bromelia karatas) in Two Ripening Stages.
Authors: Osorio María N. , Moyano Diego F. , Murillo Walter , Murillo Elizabeth , Ibarz Albert , Solanilla José F. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The physicochemical characteristics and the activity of the polyphenol oxidase from piñuela fruit juices were determined at two ripening stages. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the superoxide anion yield. The ripening stage showed greater ability to inhibit (

O
2

.
−

$O_2^{. -}$

, 35.3 %). The inhibition of superoxide dismutase was higher for both ripe (88.29 %) and unripe (95.94 %) states. The rheological behaviour of the juice was satisfactorily described using Herschel-Bulkley model (R2 > 0.99). The concentration effect on the rheological parameters was described by the potential law model, and the temperature effect on the viscosity was described based on the Arrhenius equation, finding activation energy values from 11.94 and 17.80 kJ/mol. These results make Bromelia karatas L. a promissory fruit due to their content of secondary metabolites and its antioxidant activity, which could be associated to the presence of phenolic compounds, specifically flavonoids. Variations in these metabolites could also account for structural changes, physicochemical properties, the integrity protection of the fruit against adverse and an alternative to food products.
Re-education of German POWs as a German-Jewish Task: The Case of Adolf Sindler
Authors: Shiloh-Dayan Yonatan 
Published: December 2016

AbstractTowards the end of the Second World War, as a German defeat seemed inevitable, the Allied powers began searching for a postwar policy that would prevent the resurgence of Germany as a hostile military power in Central Europe. Instead of material destruction, the British preferred to tackle the German mind. As a means of achieving the objectives of ‘Denazification,’ the British launched a large scale plan for political re-education of the German people. The plan included a pioneering program for German Prisoners of War held in dispersed British captivity camps. In charge of executing the program in one such camp, located alongside the Suez Canal, was a German-Jewish refugee named Adolf Sindler. His service as a ‘Training Adviser’ began in early 1946 and lasted for two years. Sindler’s leadership in the camp created some of the earliest, and perhaps most unusual, encounters of the immediate postwar period between German soldiers, some of whom were still ardent Nazis, and German-Jews, in this case, one who was in charge of their mental rehabilitation. Sindler was provided constant support by a group of German-speaking socialist émigrés who had found shelter in Palestine. This paper explores how this historical case study informs our understanding of the inner-Jewish dialogue concerning the involvement of émigrés in the moral reconstruction of their former society. In addition, it seeks to contribute to our knowledge of the nature of operations during the early stages of the pretentious British re-education plan.
MEDEA: Crowd-Sourcing the Recording of Metal-Detected Artefacts in Flanders (Belgium)
Authors: Deckers Pieterjan , Bleumers Lizzy , Ruelens Sanne , Lemmens Bert , Vanderperren Nastasia , Marchal Clémence , Pierson Jo , Tys Dries 
Published: December 2016

AbstractSince 2016, hobby metal-detecting is legal in Flanders (Belgium), although it was unofficially
tolerated for many years before. However, research on metal-detected artefacts in Flanders is hindered by a
low reporting rate. The MEDEA project aims to address this by encouraging detectorists to record their finds
on an online platform. Finds experts are invited to enrich records with further information and thus instigate
a rewarding feedback cycle. This paper discusses MEDEA’s ‘Human-Centred Design’ development process and
the design choices underpinning the platform. MEDEA may be seen as an example of ‘Open Archaeology’ and
related trends in digital humanities.
Prevalence of Psychosocial Risk Factors in Selected Industries in Latvia
Authors: Kozlova Lāsma , Lakiša Svetlana 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
The hypothesis of the study was that psychosocial risk factors are more common in industries involving intellectual work, such as education and public administration (Group 1), rather than in industries like construction, agriculture, and forestry where physical work is more common (Group 2). This hypothesis was confirmed and the important findings were that the most common psychosocial risk factors in Group 1 were staff conflicts, conflicts with managers and clients, also lack of time and having to communicate with clients during the working day. Violence, especially physical and psychological violence was a common risk factor in Group 1; mostly the client caused the violence. In Group 2 the most common psychosocial risk factors were overtime work, conflicts with managers, lack of time and having to communicate with clients during the working day. Overtime work was the most common risk factor in construction, agriculture, and forestry industries.