bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of multimedia education for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Huang Mei‐Chuan , Hung Chich‐Hsiu , Yu Ching‐Yun , Berry Diane C. , Shin Shyi‐Jang , Hsu Yu‐Yun 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to explore the effectiveness of two types of health education on improving knowledge concerning diabetes and insulin injection, insulin injection skills and self‐efficacy, satisfaction with health education and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and creatinine levels among patients with type 2 diabetes who began insulin therapy using a pen injector.BackgroundInsulin therapy is recommended to facilitate the regulation of plasma glucose; however, patient's acceptance of insulin therapy is generally low. Healthcare providers should help them improve their knowledge of diabetes and insulin injection, as well as their insulin injection skills.DesignA randomized repeated measures experimental study design.MethodsThe experimental (n = 21) and control (n = 21) groups received multimedia and regular health education programmes, respectively from October 2013–August 2014. Four structured questionnaires were used and videotapes were applied to demonstrate injection skills.ResultsGeneralized estimating equations showed that the experimental group's scores were significantly higher than those of the control group for diabetes and insulin injection knowledge, insulin injection skills, self‐efficacy in insulin injection and satisfaction with health education. On the other hand, an analysis of covariance revealed glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) and creatinine levels did not differ significantly between the two groups.ConclusionsImplementation of a multimedia diabetes education programme could improve patients’ diabetes and insulin injection knowledge, insulin injection skills, self‐efficacy in insulin injection and satisfaction with health education. Healthcare providers should improve quality of patient care by providing multimedia diabetes health education.
Improving the Health and Well‐Being of Adults With Conditions of a Genetic Origin: Views from Professionals, Syndrome Support Groups and Parents
Authors: Redley Marcus , Pannebakker Merel , Holland Anthony 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAdvances in medical genetics herald the possibility that health and social care services could be more responsive to the needs arising from a person's genotype. This development may be particularly important for those men and women whose learning disability (known internationally as intellectual disability) is linked to a neurodevelopmental condition of genetic origin.MethodThis possibility is tested through interviews with samples of (i) professional ‘opinion former’ with nationally recognised clinical and/or academic interests in learning disabilities and genetics; (ii) representatives of syndrome organisations prompting the interests of families where someone has a neurodevelopmental condition, and parent‐members of these same organisations.ResultsThe reporting and discussion of the interview data considers the possibility that notwithstanding the successes of the social model of disability, the health and wellbeing of people whose learning disability is associated with a neurodevelopmental condition could be better served by a more medicalised approach to their interests.ConclusionWhile a more medicalised approach to this populations’ disabilities would appear to be beneficial, so long as it is focused on interventions to improve their lives rather than catalogues their deficiencies.
Development and validation of a phenological model for the univoltine European corn borer
Authors: Schaub L. , Breitenmoser S. , Derron J. , Graf B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBiological control of a univoltine race of European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), by Trichogramma in Switzerland is currently timed according to repeated, semi‐field observations of the post‐diapause development of the pest at one site. We developed a phenology model with the aims of replacing this costly labour practice and by considering the Swiss landscape. Observations collected over 29 years were used for model calibration and validation. We parameterized a time‐varying distributed delay model based on published laboratory observations of development durations at constant temperatures. The model was driven with hourly temperature recordings beginning on January 1. The calibration of the mean development rates and their variations was based on semi‐field data of larval and pupal development. The model, with its calibrated parameters and their variations, allowed the simulation of mean predictions and prediction intervals. We validated the model predictions of emergence with flight data (obtained via light traps) from several sites in western and northern Switzerland. The simulated mean emergence was 6.9 degree‐days earlier than the observed flight at the calibration sites and only 0.5 degree‐days earlier than the observed flight at other sites. Our simulation of pupation explained half of the variation in emergence time, whereas semi‐field observations of pupation explained three‐quarters of this variation. Our model simulations are not subjected to the local potential biases. Simulation errors from a year with an extremely dry spring were explained by the lack of consideration of humidity by the model. Our simulations provide a valid and less labour‐intensive alternative to observations for timing biological control in the maize‐growing areas of Switzerland and likely other areas of Europe.
Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa by naturally infected Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) to different host plants
Authors: Cornara D. , Cavalieri V. , Dongiovanni C. , Altamura G. , Palmisano F. , Bosco D. , Porcelli F. , Almeida R. P. P. , Saponari M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe recent establishment of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca in the southern Italian region of Apulia threatens agricultural crops and the environment. Olive is an important and widespread ancient crop in Italy and, so far, the most impacted host. The meadow spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae) has been identified as a vector of X. fastidiosa in southern Italy; this species is one of the most common potential vectors in Europe. To generate disease management strategies, data on X. fastidiosa transmission by P. spumarius are necessary. Therefore, we carried out transmission experiments by using field‐collected spittlebugs in 2014 and 2015 (5 and 11 collection dates, respectively), and transferring groups of insects immediately on to recipient plants. Various host plant species were tested: olive, oleander, sweet orange, grapevine and the stone fruit rootstock GF677 (Prunus persica × Prunus amygdalus). Xylella fastidiosa was detected in all the host plants after insect plant access except for grapevine; infections to sweet orange and stone fruit were not systemic. In 2015, estimates of insect X. fastidiosa infectivity were obtained; the number of PCR‐positive P. spumarius on each plant was positively correlated with the plant infection status. The proportion of P. spumarius infected with X. fastidiosa ranged from 25% to 71% during the entire survey period. The number of X. fastidiosa cells detected in P. spumarius heads ranged from 3.5 × 10 to 4.0 × 102 (CFU equivalents), which is lower than that reported for leafhopper vectors in the Americas. These data show that field‐collected P. spumarius have high rates of X. fastidiosa infection and are competent vectors.
Electroantennographic responses of red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) to volatile organic compounds
Authors: Balakrishnan K. , Holighaus G. , Weißbecker B. , Schütz S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum Herbst (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) is the most encountered and destructive stored product insect pest of cereal grains and seeds. Although this beetle has been used as a model organism for many decades, there is no systematic knowledge about antennal detection of host and non‐host volatiles. Electroantennogram responses to 94 selected volatile organic compounds including alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, terpenoids and aromatic compounds were recorded from both sexes of T. castaneum. Overall, female and male T. castaneum exhibited similar electroantennography (EAG) responses. Compounds eliciting the strongest EAG responses within compound groups of chemical similarity were undecane, 1‐hexen‐3‐ol, octanal, 2‐heptanone, hexanoic acid and ethyl hexanoate. Comparison of vapour pressure and EAG amplitudes within homologous series of compounds revealed responses to undecane, octadecane, octanal, nonanal, 2‐heptanone, hexanoic acid and octanoic acid as outstanding. Given that systematic EAG screenings have not been conducted before, these are the best candidates for evaluation in future behavioural studies to unravel their potential for application in integrated pest management strategies of T. castaneum.
Volatile organic compounds released by maize following herbivory or insect extract application and communication between plants
Authors: Skoczek A. , Piesik D. , Wenda‐Piesik A. , Buszewski B. , Bocianowski J. , Wawrzyniak M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTo protect themselves from herbivory, plants have evolved an arsenal of physical and chemical defences and release a variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). By releasing theseVOCs, a signalling plant can both reduce herbivory, sometimes by more than 90%, and also warn neighbouring plants about an attack. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of herbivory and insect extract application onVOCrelease by damaged/treated and nearby undamaged/untreated maize plants. We confirmed that European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis) larvae attack or larvae extract application induced maizeVOCrelease. Greater amounts of (Z)‐3‐hexenal, (E)‐2‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (E)‐2‐hexen‐1‐ol,β‐myrcene, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl acetate, 1‐hexyl acetate, (Z)‐ocimene, linalool, benzyl acetate, methyl salicylate, indole, methyl anthranilate, geranyl acetate,β‐caryophyllene, (E)‐β‐farnesene and (Z)‐3‐hexenal, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐ol, (Z)‐3‐hexen‐1‐yl acetate, (Z)‐ocimene, linalool, indole, methyl anthranilate, geranyl acetate,β‐caryophyllene and (E)‐β‐farnesene were released as a result of biotic stress after insect attack or insect extract application. The amounts of eachVOCreleased were qualitatively and quantitatively distinct and dependent on time after biotic stress exposure. However, for all biotic stresses, significantly lowerVOCinduction was measured when leaves were damaged/treated for three days, as compared to seven days. Our work also demonstrated that undamaged/untreated neighbouring plants also release significant amounts ofVOCs. This suggests thatVOCemission by a damaged/treated plant stimulatesVOCinduction in nearby undamaged/untreated plants. However, the concentrations of allVOCs released by neighbouring undamaged/untreated maize plants were lower than those from damaged/treated plants and were negatively correlated with distance from a damaged/treated plant. Still, significantVOCinduction occurred in undamaged/untreated plants even at 3 m distance from a damaged/infected plant. Our work suggests that maize plant protective defence responses (VOCemission) can be induced via application of European corn borer extracts.
The use of shape analysis to differentiate between the mandibles of four economically important tephritid species
Authors: Pieterse W. , Manrakhan A. , Ramukhesa H. R. , Rosenberg S. M. , Addison P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe three fruit fly species (Diptera: Tephritidae) of economic importance that are most commonly intercepted during inspections of fruit for export at the Plant Quarantine Station of the Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries in Stellenbosch, South Africa, are Ceratitis capitata, Ceratitis rosa and Ceratitis cosyra. A fourth fruit fly species of economic importance in South Africa which was recently declared present in the northern and north‐eastern parts of the country is Bactrocera dorsalis. Bactrocera dorsalis is absent in other areas of the country, including the Western Cape Province. The larval stage of fruit flies is the most commonly intercepted life stage, and identification of this stage using traditional morphological methods such as identification keys is difficult. This study investigates the use of shape analysis, a morphometric method, to identify the third instar larvae of four tephritid species commonly intercepted in fruit destined for export. Larval specimens of laboratory reared B. dorsalis, C. capitata, C. rosa s.s. and C. cosyra were used. The mandibles of third instar larvae of all species were dissected out, dehydrated and mounted in Euparal. Images of the mandibles were captured and analysed using elliptical Fourier descriptors (in the SHAPE v.1.3 analysis programme). According to the cumulative eigenvalues, the first two principal components (PCs) contributed the most (65%) to the shape change. The canonical variate analysis showed that the first PC separates C. rosa s.s. and C. cosyra from C. capitata and B. dorsalis. Ceratitis capitata and B. dorsalis were separated by the second PC. This study showed that morphometrics, in the form of shape analysis of the mandibles, can be used in combination with measurements of the mandibles to distinguish between third instar larvae of B. dorsalis, C. capitata, C. rosa s.s. and C. cosyra.
Citizen monitoring of invasive species: wing morphometry as a tool for detection of alien Tetropium species
Authors: Goczał J. , Rossa R. , Sweeney J. , Tofilski A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe increasing threat of alien wood‐boring insect has resulted in the initiation of large‐scale monitoring programmes. These programmes are most often based on pheromone‐bailed traps, which allow the early detection and monitoring of invasive species. This approach is expensive because it entails the processing and accurate identification of large numbers of specimens. One of the most often suggested solutions to this problem is citizen participation in the monitoring of invasive species. Such an approach has the potential for reducing costs as well as providing data from a larger number of sites. However, citizens vary in taxonomic expertise and experience which can result in identification errors. This may be particularly important in the case of wood borers which include many morphologically similar species. In this study, we develop and discuss a semi‐automated method of identifying four morphologically similar and invasive Tetropium spp. wood borers as a potential tool for citizen‐based monitoring programmes. Identification is based on wing measurements and requires neither specialist knowledge nor expensive equipment. The method correctly identified the species of Tetropium with an error ranging from 1.3% for T. fuscum to 7.5% for T. cinnamopterum. We found that experience level of the individual user was not essential for correct identification; on average, inexperienced volunteers correctly identified the Tetropium species in 93% of cases. Further development of this method may be a significant step to overcoming the taxonomical impediment to citizen monitoring of taxonomically challenging groups of insects.
Mitochondrial DNA phylogeography of Spodoptera exigua across a broad geographic area in China
Authors: Zhou L. H. , Wang X. Y. , Xu G. Q. , Lei J. J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is an important agriculture pest in China that causes serious economic losses in some of the main crop‐producing areas. To monitor and manage this pest effectively, it is necessary to investigate its phylogeographic patterns in China. In this study, we used a partial sequence of mitochondrial DNA Cytb gene consisting of 724 bps to investigate the genetic diversity of the beet armyworm. A total of 765 individuals from 47 populations across the main distribution range of the species were collected, and 112 haplotypes were identified. Moderate‐to‐high levels of genetic diversity (Hd = 0.672 ± 0.017, Pi = 0.00268 ± 0.00021) for the total populations were obtained. Phylogenetic and median‐joining network analyses indicated there was no distinct geographic distribution pattern among haplotypes. Overall, the study also revealed significant differentiation among some populations (P < 0.05). The FST values of Shenyang population (SY2012–SY 2014), as well as Baoding (BD), Taian (TA), Lucheng (LC), Zhengzhou (ZZ) and Wuhan (WH), were significantly different from those of the populations in most other locations. Hierarchical AMOVA showed there was no significantly genetic structure between populations located in seven geographic regions and four main bioclimatic zones. Finally, unimodal mismatch distribution combined with negative Tajima's D (D = −2.696, P < 0.001) and Fu's FS (FS = −207.228, P > 0.05) indicated recent population expansion of S. exigua at large spatial scales in China.
The Effects of Produce Washes on the Quality and Shelf Life of “Cantaloupe” (Cucumis Melo var. Cantalupensis) and “Watermelon” (Citrullus Lantus var. Lanatus)
Authors: Svoboda Amanda , Shaw Angela , Wilson Lester , Mendonca Aubrey , Nair Ajay , Daraba Aura 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOur research objective was to evaluate the ability of produce washes to maintain the texture and color quality attributes of watermelon and cantaloupe while reducing the levels of natural fungi population on the melon surface. Melons were submerged for 2 min into either water control or water containing quaternary ammonium chloride (300 ppm) or an 18% hydrogen peroxide and 12% peroxyacetic acid combination (100 ppm), or an acetic acid, peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide combination (0.78%). Microbial analysis and instrumental measurements were utilized to assess the melons on day 0, 7, 14 and 21 in three separate trials. The experimental results indicated no reduction of fungal contaminants and no changes in firmness or color of melons following the applied treatments over the time of the study (P > 0.05). Additionally, the results provided evidence of extension of shelf life due to application of the tested washing solutions onto the watermelons or cantaloupe.Practical ApplicationsConcerns over microbial safety in the melon industry prompted the use of intervention treatments to reduce foodborne pathogens. New formulations of antimicrobial treatments have created a wide variety of washing treatments that the melons producers can utilize in their production system. Research has shown that many of these formulations have antimicrobial effects, but little data have shown whether quality affects will result. This fact has caused growers' to hesitate using such products. The results of this work indicate that the chosen produce sanitizers did not reduce the quality of whole melons following washing treatments. Information provided by this work will be utilized to communicate benefits of surface washing in the melon industry, and to promote sanitation and safe handling practices through extension education.
Comparisons of physical activity, adipokines, vitamin D status and dietary vitamin D intake among adolescents
Authors: Giudici K. V. , Fisberg R. M. , Marchioni D. M. , Martini L. A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundConsidering that lifestyle and diet are key factors responsible for the increases in adiposity in youth, it is important to understand how vitamin D, adipokines and markers of glucose metabolism are related to physical activity level (PAL) during growth. The present study aimed to investigate associations between physical activity level, adiponectin/leptin ratio, vitamin D status and dietary vitamin D intake among adolescents.MethodsA cross‐sectional study was conducted with adolescents aged 14–18 years old who were living in São Paulo, Brazil. Serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], adiponectin (A), leptin (L), glucose and insulin were obtained after 12 h of fasting. Dietary calcium and vitamin D intake were measured by 24‐h food record, as repeated in 62.6% of the sample. PAL was measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Pearson's chi‐square test, Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were performed.ResultsA total of 198 subjects, mean (SD) age 16.3 (1.4) years, 51% male, were enrolled in the study. Some 9% of participants were sedentary, 22% were insufficiently active (IA), 51% were active and 18% were very active (VA). The A/L ratio was lower among sedentary/IA subjects [2.2 (4.0) versus 5.6 (12.3); P = 0.01] compared to active/VA subjects. PAL was not associated with vitamin D status or markers of glucose metabolism. Serum 25(OH)D positively associated with vitamin D intake, after adjusting for sex, sun exposure and season of the year in regression analysis (partial r2=0.026, P = 0.02).ConclusionsLow PAL was associated with a lower A/L ratio. Vitamin D status was not associated with sun exposure habits, although it was positively correlated with vitamin D intake.
Periodontal regeneration in aggressive periodontitis patients: A systematic review of the literature
Authors: Corbella Stefano , Weinstein Roberto , Francetti Luca , Taschieri Silvio , Del Fabbro Massimo 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to systematically review the existing literature on periodontal regenerative procedures in individuals affected by aggressive periodontitis (AgP). An electronic and manual search was performed using an ad hoc prepared search string. All types of study designs were considered acceptable for inclusion. Data about treated patients, baseline clinical parameters, type of surgery, and outcomes were extracted and recorded. A narrative evaluation of the results was performed. After the article‐selection process, a total of 22 full‐texts were included in the qualitative synthesis. Twelve papers were case reports; one was a retrospective study; six were non‐randomized, comparative studies; and three papers were published on two randomized, controlled trials (RCT). Various biomaterials and surgical techniques were described in the included papers. Based on the existing literature, even considering the relatively low level of evidence, periodontal regenerative surgery could be successfully performed in patients affected by AgP. There is a substantial need of high‐quality RCT to support this.
Hippocampal GABAergic transmission: a new target for adenosine control of excitability
Authors: Rombo Diogo M. , Ribeiro Joaquim A. , Sebastião Ana M. 
Published: October 2016

Physiological network functioning in the hippocampus is dependent on a balance between glutamatergic cell excitability and the activity of diverse local circuit neurons that release the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA). Tuners of neuronal communication such as adenosine, an endogenous modulator of synapses, control hippocampal network operations by regulating excitability. Evidence has been recently accumulating on the influence of adenosine on different aspects of GABAergic transmission to shape hippocampal function. This review addresses how adenosine, through its high‐affinity A1 (A1R) and A2A receptors (A2AR), interferes with different GABA‐mediated forms of inhibition in the hippocampus to regulate neuronal excitability. Adenosine‐mediated modulation of phasic/tonic inhibitory transmission, of GABA transport mechanisms and its interference with other modulatory systems are discussed together with the putative implications for neuronal function in physiological and pathological conditions.This article is part of a mini review series: ‘Synaptic Function and Dysfunction in Brain Diseases’.
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