bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Childbearing Histories and Midlife Cognition: Accounting for Early Life Factors
Authors: Thomeer Mieke Beth , Wolfe Joseph D , Ferguson Dee , Reczek Rin , Cao Rui 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Childbearing histories—for example, parity and age at first birth—matter for the health outcomes of mid- and later-life women. There is growing evidence that childbearing may shape cognitive outcomes. However, previous research is not definitive due to its inability to account for selection. Selection is critical to address given that multiple factors, including socioeconomic background and cognition in adolescence, place women at risk for both specific childbearing experiences and poor cognitive functioning.

Methods
We analyze the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79; N = 3,668), a longitudinal nationally representative data set from the United States that began collecting data during respondents’ late teens and early 20s. We estimate the average treatment effects of childbearing histories on midlife memory and cognition using propensity-score matching techniques that incorporate an expansive set of early life factors.

Results
In models adjusting for early life covariates, we find that any births, high parity, and early first birth are associated with worse self-reported memory, but not cognitive functioning scores. After addressing the influence of early life factors through matching techniques, the only robust differences relate to any births and early first births with self-reported memory.

Discussion
Selection into specific childbearing experiences partially drives the link between childbearing and cognition at midlife, with cascading implications into later life. We suggest incorporating childbearing and early life factors into models to identify social determinants of memory and cognitive functioning.
Genomic exploration of the endangered oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana, sheds light on migration adaptation and future conservation
Authors: Yang Shangchen , Liu Yan , Zhao Xiaoqing , Chen Jin , Li Haimeng , Liang Hongrui , Fan Jiale , Zhou Mengchao , Wang Shiqing , Zhang Xiaotian , Shi Minhui , Han Lei , Yu Mingyuan , Lu Yaxian , Liu Boyang , Xu Yu , Lan Tianming , Hou Zhijun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
The oriental stork, Ciconia boyciana, is an endangered migratory bird listed on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Red List. The bird population has experienced a rapid decline in the past decades, with nest locations and stop-over sites largely degraded due to human–bird conflicts. Multipronged conservation efforts are required to secure the future of oriental storks. We propose that a thorough understanding of the genome-wide genetic background of this threatened bird species is critical to make future conservation strategies.

Findings
In this study, the first chromosome-scale reference genome was presented for the oriental stork with high quality, contiguity, and accuracy. The assembled genome size was 1.24 Gb with a scaffold N50 of 103 Mb, and 1.23 Gb contigs (99.32%) were anchored to 35 chromosomes. Population genomic analysis did not show a genetic structure in the wild population. Genome-wide genetic diversity (π = 0.0012) of the oriental stork was at a moderate to high level among threatened bird species, and the inbreeding risk was also not significant (FROH = 5.56% ± 5.30%). Reconstruction of demographic history indicated a rapid recent population decline likely driven by human activities. Genes that were under positive selection associated with the migratory trait were identified in relation to the long-term potentiation, photoreceptor cell organization, circadian rhythm, muscle development, and energy metabolism, indicating the essential interplay between genetic and ecological adaptation.

Conclusions
Our study presents the first chromosome-scale genome assembly of the oriental stork and provides a genomic basis for understanding a genetic background of the oriental stork, the population’s extinction risks, and the migratory characteristics, which will facilitate the decision of future conservation plans for this species.
Appraisal of partial anomalous pulmonary venous drainage through a lumped-parameter mathematical model: a new pathophysiological proof of concept
Authors: Ferrero Paolo , Tonini Andrea , Valenti Giulio , Chessa Massimo , Kuthi Luca , Bassareo Pier Paolo , Dede Luca , Quarteroni Alfio 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Haemodynamic determinants of the ratio between pulmonary and systemic flow (Qp/Qs) in partial anomalous pulmonary venous return (PAPVR) are still not fully understood. Indeed, among patients with the same number of lung segments draining anomalously, a great variability is observed in terms of right ventricular overload. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the anatomic site of drainage, affecting the total circuit impedance, independently influences the magnitude of shunt estimated by Qp/Qs. A zero-dimensional lumped parameter mathematical model was developed and validated on a sample of patients

METHODS
We developed a zero-dimensional lumped parameter model, using time-varying elastances for heart chambers, RLC Windkessel circuits for the systemic and pulmonary circulations. Patients were categorized into vena cava (VC) type (including left drainage to anomalous vein) and right atrium (RA) type. The mathematical model is a system of ordinary differential equations that are numerically solved by means of the ode15s solver in the MATLAB environment.

RESULTS
The model showed an increase of Qp/Qs with the increase of the number of anomalous veins. With the same number of anomalous veins, Qp/Qs was lower in patients with anomalous drainage to the VC as compared with RA. The validation sample consisted of 49 patients (27, 55% females). As predicted by the model, patients with PAPVR with VC type displayed a lower invasive and cardiac magnetic resonance Qp/Qs as compared with drainage to RA: 1.4 (1.2–1.7) and 1.45 (1.25–1.6) versus 2 (1.75–2.1) and 1.9 (1.6–2), P &lt; 0.05. After stratifying for number of lung territories, a lower Qp/Qs was measured in patients with VC PAPVR as compared with RA.

CONCLUSIONS
In patients with PAPVR, the site of anomalous drainage modulates the Qp/Qs. According to the model, this effect is mediated by the post-capillary impedance of the circuit and significantly decreases with the increase of pulmonary vascular resistances.
ParthenoGenius: A user-friendly heuristic for inferring presence and mechanism of facultative parthenogenesis from genetic and genomic datasets
Authors: Levine Brenna A , Booth Warren 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Facultative parthenogenesis (FP), or asexual reproduction by sexually reproducing female animals, has been reported across several clades of vertebrates and is increasingly being recognized as a reproductive mechanism with significant implications for the genetic variation of captive and wild populations. The definitive identification of parthenogens requires molecular confirmation, with large genomic datasets necessary to accurately parse the parthenogenetic mechanism (i.e. endoduplication, gametic duplication, terminal fusion automixis, or central fusion automixis). Current methods for inferring FP from large genomic datasets are statistically intensive, require competency in R scripting for their execution, and are not designed for detection of facultative parthenogenesis or screening of large numbers of mother/offspring pairs, whereas small datasets (i.e. microsatellites) that can be evaluated visually lack the power to discriminate among FP mechanisms. Here, we present the user-friendly software program, ParthenoGenius, that uses intuitive logic to infer the presence and mechanism of FP from even large genomic datasets comprising many mothers and offspring. ParthenoGenius runs relatively quickly and does not require the researcher to have knowledge of R scripting or statistics. ParthenoGenius was tested on eight empirical datasets and in each case identified parthenogens (and parthenogenic mechanism when present) consistent with results of previous studies or corroborating evidence. ParthenoGenius will facilitate the rapid screening of large genomic datasets comprising many mothers and offspring for the presence and mechanism of parthenogenesis, improving our understanding of the frequency and phylogenetic distribution of FP across the animal kingdom.
Role of immunotherapy in gastroesophageal cancer with liver metastasis
Authors: Bawek Sawyer , Ramesh Mrinalini , Gurusinghe Sayuri , Aijaz Ali , Attwood Kristopher , Hossein-Javaheri Nariman , Mukherjee Sarbajit 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The role of immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with gastroesophageal cancer with liver metastasis remains unclear. Our objective was to investigate whether immune checkpoint inhibitors are beneficial in patients with gastroesophageal cancer with liver metastasis. We searched PubMed, Embase, European Society for Medical Oncology, and American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting abstracts for phase 3 randomized clinical trials testing immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic/advanced gastroesophageal cancer from 2017 to 2023. Seven studies were included. Overall survival was similar among all patients (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.72 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.67 to 0.77], P &lt; .001), in patients without liver metastases (HR = 0.73 [95% CI = 0.67 to 0.81], P &lt; .001, I2 = 0.0%), and in patients with liver metastases (HR = 0.74 [95% CI = 0.67 to 0.81], P &lt; .001, I2 = 0.0%). Progression-free survival was also similar among all patients (HR = 0.63 [95% CI = 0.57 to 0.70], P &lt; .001), in patients without liver metastases (HR = 0.62 [95% CI = 0.51 to 0.76], P &lt; .001), and in patients with liver metastases (HR = 0.66 [95% CI = 0.57 to 0.76], P &lt; .001). Immune checkpoint inhibitors showed no difference in benefit in patients with gastroesophageal cancer, regardless of liver metastasis. Future studies could focus on deciphering the tumor microenvironment of liver metastasis as an area of translational research.
Surgical intervention of a giant bronchogenic cyst in the right middle lobe with recurrent infections: a case report
Authors: Qiao Quan , Wen Hongmei , Chen Xiande , Tu Chao , Zhang Xiuxiong , Wei Xing 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Bronchogenic cysts, a rare congenital pulmonary disorder, typically affect young adults and are often managed conservatively. However, large cysts with recurrent infections require surgical intervention. This case study highlights the successful management of a large bronchogenic cyst. A 53-year-old female presented with a decade-long history of recurrent respiratory infections manifesting as cough, yellow purulent sputum, and shortness of breath. Chest computed tomography revealed a large bronchogenic cyst in the right middle lobe, causing cardiac compression. Despite conservative management, the recurrent symptoms persisted. After multidisciplinary consultation, a thoracoscopic right middle lobectomy was planned. Severe pleural adhesions and bleeding complicated the procedure; therefore, thoracotomy was performed. Postoperatively, the patient developed transient fever and elevated white blood cell count, both of which resolved with appropriate antibiotic therapy. The patient was discharged in stable condition, with no recurrence of symptoms at follow-up. Large, symptomatic bronchogenic cysts that cause recurrent infections require surgical resection.
Self-recoverable elastico mechanoluminescence of a hybrid metal halide crystal
Authors: Yang Tian-Yi , Li Si-Nuo , Chen Hai-Sheng , Li Zi-Ying , Li Zhi-Gang , Feng Rui , Gao Fei-Fei , Zhang Ying , Liu Yi-Ming , Zhang Yang , Liu Wei-Wei , Li Wei , Bu Xian-He 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
Materials exhibiting self-recoverable elastico mechanoluminescence (EML) are highly sought after due to their utility in sensing and information encryption. However, the current pool of identified EML materials remains limited, exclusively comprising purely inorganic substances. This study delves into the investigation of the EML properties of a zero-dimensional (0D) organic-inorganic metal halide denoted as [C19H18P]2MnBr4 (where C19H18P+ signifies methyl triphenyl phosphonium). Notably, [C19H18P]2MnBr4 manifests two distinct polymorphs, with the piezoelectric and non-piezoelectric polymorphs exhibiting thermodynamic and kinetic stability, respectively. Despite both compounds showing bright greenish luminescence, only the piezoelectric phase exhibits desirable EML behavior. The EML in this context is distinguished by its high intensity, strong fatigue resistance and prompt self-recovery. The underlying mechanism of EML in the piezoelectric polymorph can be explained by the piezoelectric effect and the stress-induced energy band tilting. Calorimetric and piezoelectric experiments reveal the self-recoverable EML arises from the relaxation of the stress-induced kinetically stable non-piezoelectric to the thermodynamically favored piezoelectric phase. This work paves a new pathway in the exploration of self-recoverable EML materials in the realm of hybrid organic-inorganic crystals.
How Much Does the IMF Care about Inequality?
Authors: Kaya Ayse 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Employing text data analysis on over 6,500 International Monetary Fund (IMF) documents from different operational units of the organization, this chapter first finds that the IMF’s approach to inequality has changed over the past two decades, but in a manner that is uneven across the different constituent parts of the organization. This evidence lends further support to the notion of IMF and IO “fragmented change” developed by Kaya and Reay (2019). Second, the chapter finds that while inequality now is more prominent in the IMF’s policy advice, it matters only insofar as inequality is related to core macroeconomic issues—institutional change has occurred in a “mission-consistent” manner. Thus, the IMF has more focus on inequality in institutional thinking but less in institutional output.
The United States and the IMF
Authors: Lavelle Kathryn C. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As with other states, American participation in the International Monetary Fund (IMF) works to ensure successful cooperative efforts at stabilizing the functioning of the world financial system. Nonetheless, three key factors distinguish the American relationship with the IMF from that of the other member-states: the separation of powers among branches of government articulated in the US Constitution, the location of the IMF in Washington, DC, and the position of the US in the global political economy. This chapter argues that as these three factors have evolved over the course of the IMF’s history, connections among them have transformed both the IMF as an institution and its role in the world.
Diversifying the IMF and Its Culture
Authors: Momani Bessma 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
As societies recognize the importance of diversity for organizational performance, this has also been embraced by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). Using sociological institutionalism and constructivism, the chapter highlights the role of ideas and culture in shaping the IMF’s policies. The IMF’s technocratic, hierarchical culture can make it resistant to change, limiting diversity of perspectives and hindering adaptability. Despite introducing new ideas and modest progress on diversification, the IMF still faces challenges in achieving staff diversification. Progress includes shifts in policy, specifically in integrating a gendered analysis into macroeconomic analysis and two influential women at its helm, but there is still much work to do in achieving gender parity of Fund staff. This chapter emphasizes the need for a more diverse recruitment policy that fosters diversity of thought, enabling the IMF to better manage crises and develop policies that are more inclusive and representative of its debtors.
IMF Lending
Authors: Lütz Susanne 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s lending policy is rooted in the Bretton Woods system, which shaped the global economic order after World War II. To prevent challenges to the open economic order, such as trade barriers or currency devaluations, the IMF was to provide liquidity to help countries navigate internal adjustment processes. Over the past few decades, there has been a significant transformation of the IMF’s lending toolkit. While fundamental lending principles established in the post-World War II era have remained consistent, lending instruments have been newly calibrated or replaced with alternative lending facilities. By engaging with the academic discourse on transformation and institutional change, this chapter provides an overview of the broad patterns of these changes since the 1970s.
IMF Surveillance
Authors: Edwards Martin S. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Surveillance, which is the International Monetary Fund (IMF)’s annual review of member country economies, has changed considerably in recent years. This chapter reviews this new surveillance agenda in the areas of inequality, gender, climate, and governance and corruption, noting several unresolved issues. The chapter also recounts how the pandemic shaped the content and conduct of surveillance and summarizes recent empirical scholarship. The chapter argues that two key challenges are the fit of a broader surveillance agenda with the challenge of populist and nationalist governments, and the Fund’s limited progress on evenhandedness of country treatment. The chapter concludes with policy recommendations for the 2026 Comprehensive Surveillance Review.
Regional Mechanisms and Economic and Social Rights
Authors: Chirwa Danwood M. , Oriakhogba Desmond 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The importance of regional human rights systems is taken for granted today, but this has not always been the case. The idea of regional systems for the protection of human rights was met with suspicion and apprehension before the United Nations was established and in its early years of existence, due largely to the fear that such systems would detract from the universality of human rights. Focusing on the three main regional human rights systems—Inter-American, African, and European—this chapter explores the ways in which regional human rights systems have strengthened and enriched the protection of economic, social, and cultural rights (ESC) rights. In doing so, it rebuts the assumption made by those opposed to regional systems who argued that such systems would institutionalize relativity and hence dilution of human rights. There is now ample evidence, discussed in this chapter, showing that regional systems provide an important space for mediating the multidirectional influence of human rights norms as we strive to make human rights meaningful and realizable in different social contexts. With respect to ESC rights, regional systems have evolved and tested various models of protecting these rights, accentuated certain aspects of these rights, developed various standards of measuring compliance or of judicially enforcing these rights, and expanded or improved the robustness of the enforcement mechanisms. Acknowledging this contribution does not mean that regional systems are perfect.
Ethnic Politics and Land
Authors: Dang Bao-Nguyet , Ra Doi , Arango Lorenza , Belay Moges , Kham Sai Sam , Benlisoy Zeynep Ceren Eren 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Land and ethnic politics are closely interlinked. This chapter explores the dynamics in which ethnic politics and the politics of land shape one another, especially in multiethnic societies. It examines case studies from the global South to explore ethnic politics in relation to land grabbing, emerging patterns of informal wage labor and migration, the role of the state, and struggles from below amid the reconfiguration of land and labor regimes across time and space. The chapter argues that contestations and struggles with respect to land are never only about land. On the contrary, claims over land access and control are permanently traversed by ethnicity, race, and citizenship rights, and by class relations. By paying attention to the intersections between ethnicity and class, and by examining how these have mediated land and labor relations, the chapter offers important insights into the complexities around the questions of ethnic politics and land.
Was Market Socialism Ever a Viable Alternative Development Model?
Authors: Csaba László 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents an overview of theoretical and policy-induced practical attempts to remedy the shortcomings of a command economy. These happened on the ground with the introduction of market elements into those systems. The initiatives were often bold, especially by contemporary ideological standards, without, however, considering crossover to a real market economy based on private property, competition, and the integration of trade and finances into the global economy. In light of the successful Chinese and Vietnamese experiments with market reforms in the post-1978 period, however, these attempts deserve more academic attention. Why did this experiment succeed in Asia and fail in Europe? This chapter offers five theses and turns to economic theory at the end to answer this question.
A Critical Framework for Teaching Power and Politics in Social Work Education
Authors: McGregor Caroline 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Social work is a sociolegal activity expected to mediate between the tensions of the state and the family in the space of the social. To understand this process of mediation between the public state system and the private family domain, theories of power and power relations are central. At present, notions of empowerment, use of powers, and engaging with policy and politics are insufficiently problematized in the Irish social work education context. The chapter will set out the state-of-the-art concepts about power. Power and power relations in social work will be discussed with reference to individual subjectivity, impact of powerlessness, impact on practice, and interaction with wider organizational, societal, and political contexts. Using the Irish context as an illustration, a dialectical and critical framework for teaching power and politics in social work education will be elaborated. Four matrices enable a critical analysis of power from individual practice to wider societal and political processes. The conclusion will consider ways in which social work education in Ireland should be reviewed to provide more capacity and requirements for critical engagement with power and power relations. Suggestions for further application of the matrices presented will be made.