bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anomalies of Rare Earth Elements and Heavy Metals in Modern Sediments of Small Lakes in the North of Karelia (Arctic): Geology and Technogenesis Influence
Authors: Slukovskii Zakhar , Dauvalter Vladimir , Shelekhova Tatyana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Lake sediments are used as indicators of the water body condition and changes that have recently occurred in it and in the it's catchment. The work examined two small lakes in Northwestern Russia (Arctic). Sediment cores were collected from the center of each lakes and separated into 1 cm layers. An ICP-mass spectrometer was used to determine the chemical composition. It was found both reservoirs have sediments containing organic matter (up to 61%). In both lakes, increased relative to the background of the region and the average content in the Earth's crust of rare earth elements, Th, V, Cr, etc. were detected. It was established that in the sediments of Lake Aprelskoe the total concentration of rare earth elements (1916 mg/kg) exceeds or is at one level with similar values for rare earth elements in lakes near cities and industrial enterprises. An analysis of the geological conditions of the study area (Karelia, Finland) showed that the source of anomalies of rare earth and other elements in the studied lakes may be bedrock containing increased concentrations of Y, Ce, La and other elements. However, an analysis of the geochemistry of the studied sediments also showed a technogenic influence on the lakes: an increase in the concentrations of Pb, Sd, Cd, Ni and Cu in the uppermost layers of sediments of lakes was established. Suspected sources of pollution are metallurgical plants in the neighboring region and the effect of long-range transport of metals due to the burning of coal around the world.
Assessing Hydrogeological Hazards in the Post-Mining Region in Saint-Vaast, Belgium: Insights from Three Decades of SAR Data and Piezometric Analysis
Authors: Choopani Atefe , Declercq Pierre-Yves. , Ronchi Benedicta , Devleeschouwer Xavier 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

This study assesses hydrogeological hazards in the Saint-Vaast region, Belgium, impacted by three decades of deformation post-coal mine closure. Using Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (PS-InSAR) applied to 30 years of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data along with geological investigations and 13 years of piezometric well data, we analysed subsurface dynamics leading to environmental hazards in the region. We focused on identifying key periods of significant deformation pattern changes. The soft Wealden terrains (Lower Cretaceous) are characterized by alternating sandstones, clay, and sand facies, composing the sedimentary roof of an old mine drainage adit dug at 30 meters depth. The presence of this mined adit structure is contributing to the current vulnerability of the region. Especially, when the abandoned mine drainage adit was filled with water following the cessation of pumping. Due to an increase in the water level in the Wealden aquifer below the gallery, natural groundwater flow paths and pressures have increased over time. At least two significant mudflow outbursts, in 2009 and 2018, occurred. This study shows that both events were correlated with changes in water level and deformation. Moreover, results suggest a new phase of rising water levels and ground uplift due to increased pressure in the Wealden aquifer. A crucial outcome of this research is the assessment of the potential for another similar incident soon, informed by the correlation analysis of water level and ground displacement time series.
Towards a Generalized Bayesian Model of Reconstructive Memory
Authors: Xu Zihao , Hemmer Pernille , Zhang Qiong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Prior knowledge has long been known to shape reconstruction from memory. An individual stimulus from a category is often remembered to be closer to the center of that category than its true location. This effect, together with more complex memory effects that involve prior knowledge at multiple levels of abstraction, has been successfully explained by the Category Adjustment Model (CAM) and its extensions. However, recent experimental results diverge from CAM's predictions showing that reconstructive memory for atypical category examples is influenced by the category center less than that of typical category examples. To unify these findings, we propose a generalized Bayesian model of reconstructive memory, called the generalized CAM model (g-CAM). We demonstrate through simulations that g-CAM can account for previously known effects of reconstructive memory, while additionally capturing recent empirical findings involving atypical category examples.
Gross anatomy of the visual processing centers of Hieroglyphus banian
Authors: Sivaraju C , Joseph Joby 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Hieroglyphus banian (H. banian) is a grasshopper, endemic to South Asia. The optic lobe has been characterized to a great extent in orthoptera, predominantly using Locust species like Schistocerca gregaria, Schistocerca americana, and Locusta migratoria, which are closely related to each other. In this work, we characterize the anatomical features of the optic lobe and associated pathway in the grasshopper species H. banian using tract-tracing immunohistochemistry and intracellular fills. All the areas of the visual pathway that have been reported in the other orthoptera species could be identified in H. banian. These species exhibited similar structure and connectivity as visible in our immunohistochemistry and tract tracing results. However, two new centers in the protocerebrum with prominent innervations from the optic lobe could be identified.
Tear film lipid layer thickness and blink dynamics in patients with blepharospasm
Authors: Paik Ji-Sun , Kwon Min Jeong , Nam Ga Hee , Han Kyungdo , Whang Woong-Joo , Hwang Ho Sik , Yang Suk-Woo , Kim Hyun-Seung , Na Kyung Sun , Cho Won-Kyung 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
To elucidate the changes in the tear film lipid layer and blink dynamics among patients with benign essential blepharospasm (BEB) after botulinum toxin A injection.
Methods
We reviewed the medical records of patients with dry eye disease (DED) and BEB treated with botulinum toxin A (BoT A) injections. Data on demographics, lipid layer thickness (LLT), meiboscore, and blink dynamics measured using a LipiView II interferometer before and 2 months after BoT A were collected.
Results
Each 28 eyes from 28 patients with BEB and age- and sex-matched patients with DED were included. When comparing blink dynamics, complete blink rate was significantly higher in the pre-injection BEB group compared to the DED group (5.25 ± 4.32 times/20s vs 2.43 ± 2.82 times/20s, p = 0.0055). In tear film lipid profiles analyzed in BEB patients at pre-injection and 2-month follow-up after injection, average LLT significantly increased after injection (72.4 ± 22.7 nm to 83.0 ± 22.2 nm, p = 0.0215). Diabetes and young age were associated factors influencing the LLT increase.
Conclusions
Blink patterns measured by the interferometer in patients with BEB may overestimate complete blinking and may be misunderstood as a normal pattern. Although BoTA injection may relieve the symptoms of BEB, interpretation of the blink pattern and LLT should be carefully performed by ophthalmologists.
Transcriptome assembly, gene expression, and SSR marker analysis in drought- tolerant peanut cultivar L14
Authors: Tien Nguyen Quang Duc , Kha Hoang , Loc Nguyen Hoang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Through transcriptomic sequencing and analysis of the drought-tolerant peanut cultivar L14, we obtained a high-quality transcriptome assembly and annotation of over 71,000 unigenes with an average N50 length of 1484 bp. Based on BLAST searches against the Non-redundant, Uniprot, KEGG, Pfam, GO, and Hayai-Annotation Plants databases, putative functions were assigned to 47,820 unigenes (68% of the total). Important candidate genes involved in abiotic stress tolerance were identified. To understand the transcriptional regulation of the drought tolerance pathway in peanut, transcript expression of genes belonging to the APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor, LEAs, Phospholipase D and C families from the transcriptomic data were analyzed using a heatmap. Furthermore, the expression of LEA5 was analyzed by RT-PCR under treatment with varying concentrations of PEG 6000. This study provides additional valuable information about the transcriptome and genes related to drought tolerance, helping to better understand the molecular mechanism underlying drought tolerance in peanuts, which may aid in efforts to improve this crop.
Latinx Sexual Minority Individuals, Linguistic Acculturation, and Behavioral Health: Evidence of a Healthy Migrant Effect
Authors: Hodges James C. , Oh Sehun , Salas-Wright Christopher P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose: Stress-based theories suggest that sexual minority Latinx migrants are at increased risk of adverse behavioral health outcomes. However, a body of descriptive evidence shows migrants exhibit improved health outcomes. Responding to calls for intersectional investigations of the ‘healthy migrant effect,’ we quantitatively examine whether sexual minority status moderates the relationship between English proficiency (a proxy for acculturation) and behavioral health.
Methods: We used pooled cross-sectional data from the Latinx respondents to the 2015-2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We used logistic regression models to examine the association of the level of English proficiency with past-year major depressive episode (MDE) and past-year substance use disorder (SUD) and used interactions to examine the moderating effect of sexual minority status.
Results: For both MDE and SUD, sexual minority Latinx individuals with lower levels of English proficiency had lower odds of reporting adverse outcomes than sexual minority individuals with higher levels of English proficiency and did not have significantly different outcomes than their heterosexual counterparts. The direction of these relationships did not change when stratified by gender.
Conclusions: There appears to be a healthy migrant effect with regard to sexual minority Latinx individuals and behavioral health outcomes. This also suggests that acculturation may be a uniquely important risk factor for this population. Preventative efforts should be targeted at this group to avoid the development of behavioral health concerns.
“You’re just in crisis mode…frantic to get through the next day”: an IPA analysis of adjustment experiences amongst advanced oesophago-gastric cancer carers
Authors: Ghiglieri Cara , Dempster Martin , Graham-Wisener Lisa 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background Oesophago-gastric cancer is a complex and debilitating illness that often requires substantial support from informal carers. While the psychosocial impact of caring is well-documented, the specific experiences and adjustment processes of carers supporting individuals with advanced oesophago-gastric cancer remain unexplored. This study aimed to comprehensively explore these carers’ adjustment experiences, identifying opportunities for improved care and support.Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten purposefully recruited bereaved oesophago-gastric cancer carers in the UK. The interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.Results Carers faced a demanding adjustment process, requiring them to adapt to an unfamiliar illness trajectory and manage complex nutritional needs amid rapid disease progression. Significant changes in roles, routines, and responsibilities often left them feeling overwhelmed, emotionally drained, and unable to maintain their own needs. Nevertheless, seeking knowledge, building supportive connections, and focusing on the present, enabled them to facilitate a more positive adjustment experience.Conclusions The findings underscore the need for comprehensive, tailored support for advanced oesophago-gastric cancer carers, both during the caring period and after bereavement.
How to Measure Fracture Toughness of Soft Materials: A Comparison of Six Different Approaches using Blood Clot as a Model Material
Authors: Lohr Matthew , Bechtel Grace , Dortdivanlioglu Berkin , Rausch Manuel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Soft materials are an important class of materials. They play critical roles both in nature, in the form of soft tissues, and in industrial applications. Quantifying their mechanical properties is an important part of understanding and predicting their behavior, thus optimizing their use. However, there are often no agreed-upon standards for how to do so. This also holds true for quantifying their fracture toughness; that is, their resistance to crack propagation. The goal of our work is to fill this knowledge gap using blood clot as a model material. In total, we compared three general approaches, some with multiple different implementations. The first approach is based on Griffith's definition of the critical energy release rate. The second approach makes use of the J-Integral. The last approach uses cohesive zones. We applied these approaches to 12 pure shear experiments with notched samples (some approaches were supplemented with unnotched samples). Finally, we compared these approaches by their intra- and inter-approach variability, the complexity of their implementation, and their computational cost. Overall, we found that the simplest method was also the most consistent and the least costly one: the Griffith-based approach, as proposed by Rivlin and Thomas in 1953.
2000 MSC: 0000, 1111
A Fire Management Intelligent System for the Brazilian Cerrado Biome based on a Deep Learning Two Phase Detection Method
Authors: Borges Natalia , Fonseca Livia , Barreto Priscila Solis , Alchieri Eduardo , Caetano Marcos , Resende Paulo , Brandão Leonardo , Vieira Lucas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The significant advancements in the fields of image processing and machine learning to implement systems for early accurately smoke and fire detection still present research challenges for certain biomes. The cerrado is a fire-prone ecosystem that covers a large area in South America, where videobased fire smoke detection using cameras could be more efficient than sensor based systems. This work presents the SEMFOGO-DF fire monitoring system, a solution composed of a distributed processing architecture and a deep-learning computer vision algorithm for smoke detection and emergency alert generation. The solution performs smoke detection in image sequences using a two-phase algorithm that includes automatic zoom operations to confirm smoke predictions. The first phase analyzes image sequences and classifies regions of the image with a high probability of fire and in the second phase, a smoke classification is conducted on a zoomed image. The proposed solution underwent an experimental evaluation in the Brazilian Federal District, which is situated in the Midwest region of Brazil. Experimental results show that the two-phase algorithm can consistently reduce the number of false alerts generated by the first phase alone, with a relatively low reduction in the detection rate. The development of the solution also allowed the creation of two novel datasets. The first dataset consists of image sequences of the cerrado biome, annotated with smoke contours. The second dataset includes zoomed images of the cerrado landscape, annotated with labels indicating smoke and nonsmoke occurrences. These datasets provide a robust representation of the cerrado biome and have the potential to aid other research groups working on similar developments.
High-Intensity Interval Training Protectively Modulates Doxorubicin- Induced Changes in Cardiac Mitochondrial Dynamics and Autophagy Process
Authors: Choobineh Siroos , Ebrahimi Khadijeh , Soori Rahman 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Clinical use of doxorubicin (DOX) in cancer treatment is limited due to the most serious cardiotoxicity side effects. Limited studies have been conducted on the protective effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity (DCT). The study aimed to explore the protective impact of HIIT on DCT by analyzing genes associated with the autophagy process and mitochondrial dynamics (such as Beclin1, LC3II, DRP1, FIS1, OPA1, and MFN2).
Methods
Wistar rats (N = 24) were randomly divided into Control, DOX (20 mg/kg body weight), HIIT (8 weeks, 7 sets of 4 minutes 80–90% VO2max isolated with 3-minute periods of 65–75% VO2max) and 4), and HIIT + DOX groups. DOX treatment was completed after the last session of HIIT, and the left ventricular tissue was harvested 72 hours after it. Gene expression assessment was done using the RT-PCR test. The data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's post hoc test (α < 0.05).
Results
DOX induction non-significantly increased Drp1 and Fis1 mRNA levels (p < 0.05). It also significantly decreases LC3II, Beclin1, and MNF2 mRNA levels and increases OPA1 mRNA levels (p < 0.05). Also, HIIT per se and before DOX induction not only significantly decreased Drp1, Fis1, and OPA1 mRNA levels but also led to an increase in LC3II and Beclin1 mRNA levels. HIIT per se and before DOX induction also non-significantly increased MNF2 mRNA level (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
Therefore, HIIT appears to be an appropriate protective strategy against DCT by attenuating the DOX-induced disturbances in the mitochondrial dynamics and autophagy process.
HIF-1α affects invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer by regulating invadopodia formation
Authors: Song Liangdong , Zhu Huixuan , Zhang Jindong , Luo Yu , Wei Chengcheng , Li Yunfan , Han Kun , Su Shuai , Wang Delin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Prostate cancer is an important disease that threatens the health of middle-aged and older men. In tumor diseases, HIF-1α can affect tumor proliferation, invasion, and metastasis by regulating the expression of various types of molecules and thus activating related signaling pathways. In this study, we explored the mechanisms by which HIF-1α affects prostate cancer invasion and metastasis.
Method
Exploration of the mechanisms by which HIF-1α affects prostate cancer invasion and metastasis using transcriptome sequencing. Detection of invadopodia-related molecules using Western blot. The formation of invadopodia in prostate cancer cells and the localization of HIF-1α and TKS5 were detected using immunofluorescence. Detection of extracellular matrix degradation by invadopodia in prostate cancer using gelatin degradation assays. Validation of the interaction of HIF-1α with TKS5 using Co-IP.
Results
HIF-1α is highly expressed in prostate cancer. HIF-1α can affect the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of prostate cancer. We found that HIF-1α was associated with cell motility as well as extracellular matrix degradation in prostate cancer, suggesting that HIF-1α may promote prostate cancer invasion and metastasis by affecting the formation of invadopodia. Degradation of extracellular matrix by prostate cancer cells was reduced after knockdown of HIF-1α, as was the formation of invadopodia. The results of Western blot showed that the expression of TKS5 and MMP9 was decreased after knockdown of HIF-1α. The results of Co-IP and immunofluorescence suggested that HIF-1α could interact with TKS5 near the nuclear membrane.
Conclusion
In the present study, we demonstrated that HIF-1α was able to influence the invasive and metastatic ability of prostate cells by affecting the expression of TKS5 and thus the formation of invadopodia. We also found that HIF-1α was able to interact with TKS5 near the nuclear membrane. These results provide a new direction for the exploration of invadopodia in the prostate cancer.
Reactive Fluorescent and Colorimetric Probe for Highly Selective and Sensitive Detection of Hg 2+ in Real Water Samples
Authors: Yang Jiarui , Zhang Kaiqiang , Zhao Yong , Song Yanxi , Wu Yihan , Li Hongqi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Construction of efficient chemosensors for highly specific and sensitive detection of mercury ions remains a great challege. In this work a highly selective and sensitive probe CY was designed and synthesized by using coumarin fluorophore as the matrix and thioacetal moiety as the reactive recognition site for Hg2+. By virtue of the thiophilicity of Hg2+, probe CL could be hydrolyzed to deprotect and the thioacetal was tansformed to the acyl group after the addition of Hg2+, the blue-green fluorescence was quenched and meanwhile the solution changed from light green to yellow. The detection limit of probe CY for Hg2+ was as low as 6.8 nM, and it could completely react with Hg2+ within 3 min. Moreover, probe CY exhibited good resistance against interference from competitive metal ions and biothiols, high stability in pH 1–12 and applicability for fluorogenic and chromogenic dual-modal detection of Hg2+ in real water samples over a broad range of pH 5–10.
Triton X-100 Mediated One-pot Solution Phase Synthesis of Au@PtCo/C Nanoparticles with Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Performance in Fuel Cells
Authors: Mukherjee Prateekshita , Das Sumanta , Sutar Sanjay , Swami Anita , Sahu Akhila 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Au doped PtCo/C (Au@PtCo/C) as an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is synthesized using a facile single step solution phase synthesis method with Triton X-100 as a mediator guiding the shape and size of the metal nanoparticles. The spherical shaped nanoparticles of 2–4 nm were uniformly dispersed over the porous carbon support accounting for an electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) of 52 m2/gPt. It was observed that at 0.9V, the mass activity (Im) of Au@PtCo/C catalyst is 0.57 A/mgPt which is 4 times higher in relation to commercial Pt/C catalyst. While evaluating in real time PEMFC configuration under acidic environment, this catalyst delivers a peak power density of 1.33 W/cm2 at a current density of 3.43 A/cm2 with H2/O2 feeds under ambient pressure, thus emerging as a promising electrocatalyst for fuel cell applications.
Fabrication of Spin-1/2 Heisenberg Antiferromagnetic Chains via Combined On-surface Synthesis and Reduction for Spinon Detection
Authors: Yu Ping , Su Xuelei , Ding Zhihao , Hong Ye , Ke Nan , Yan KaKing , Li Can , Jiang Yifan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Spin-1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnetic chains are excellent one-dimensional platforms for exploring quantum magnetic states and quasiparticle fractionalization. Understanding its quantum magnetism and quasiparticle excitation at the atomic scale is crucial for manipulating the quantum spin systems. Here, we report the fabrication of spin-1/2 Heisenberg chains through on-surface synthesis and in-situ reduction. A closed-shell nanographene is employed as a precursor for Ullman coupling to avoid radical fusing, thus obtaining oligomer chains. Following exposure to atomic hydrogen and tip manipulation, closed-shell polymers are transformed into spin-1/2 chains with controlled lengths by reducing the ketone groups and subsequent hydrogen desorption. The spin excitation gaps are found to decrease in power-law as the chain lengths, suggesting its gapless feature. More interestingly, the spinon dispersion is extracted from the inelastic spectroscopic spectra, agreeing well with the calculations. Our results demonstrate the great potential of fabricating desired quantum systems through a combined on-surface synthesis and reduction approach.