bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Interbody Fusion on the Remaining Discs of the Lumbar Spine in Subjects with Disc Degeneration
Authors: Ryu Robert , Techy Fernando , Varadarajan Ravikumar , Amirouche Farid 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo study effects (stress loads) of lumbar fusion on the remaining segments (adjacent or not) of the lumbar spine in the setting of degenerated adjacent discs.MethodsA lumbar spine finite element model was built and validated. The full model of the lumbar spine was a parametric finite element model of segments L
1–5. Numerous hypothetical combinations of one‐level lumbar spine fusion and one‐level disc degeneration were created. These models were subjected to 10 Nm flexion and extension moments and the stresses on the endplates and consequently on the intervertebral lumbar discs measured. These values were compared to the stresses on healthy lumbar spine discs under the same load and fusion scenarios.ResultsIncreased stress at endplates was observed only in the settings of L4–5 fusion and L3–4 disc degeneration (8% stress elevation at L2,3 in flexion or extension, and 25% elevation at L3,4 in flexion only). All other combinations showed less endplate stress than did the control model. For fusion at L3–4 and degeneration at L4–5, the stresses in the endplates at the adjacent level inferior to the fused disc decreased for both loading disc height reductions. Stresses in flexion decreased after fusion by 29.5% and 25.8% for degeneration I and II, respectively. Results for extension were similar. For fusion at L2–3 and degeneration at L4–5, stresses in the endplates decreased more markedly at the degenerated (30%), than at the fused level (14%) in the presence of 25% disc height reduction and 10 Nm flexion, whereas in extension stresses decreased more at the fused (24.3%) than the degenerated level (5.86%). For fusion at L3–4 and degeneration at L2–3, there were no increases in endplate stress in any scenario. For fusion at L4–5 and degeneration at L3–4, progression of degeneration from I to II had a significant effect only in flexion. A dramatic increase in stress was noted in the endplates of the degenerated disc (L3–4) in flexion for degeneration II.ConclusionsStresses are greater in flexion at the endplates of L3–4 and in flexion and extension at L2–3 in the presence of L3–4 disc disease and L4–5 fusion than in the control group. In all other combinations of fusion and disc disease, endplate stress was less for all levels tested than in the control model.
Irreducible decomposition of binomial ideals
Authors: Kahle Thomas , Miller Ezra , O’Neill Christopher 
Published: April 2016

Building on coprincipal mesoprimary decomposition [Kahle and Miller, Decompositions of commutative monoid congruences and binomial ideals, Algebra and Number Theory 8 (2014), 1297–1364], we combinatorially construct an irreducible decomposition of any given binomial ideal. In a parallel manner, for congruences in commutative monoids we construct decompositions that are direct combinatorial analogues of binomial irreducible decompositions, and for binomial ideals we construct decompositions into ideals that are as irreducible as possible while remaining binomial. We provide an example of a binomial ideal that is not an intersection of irreducible binomial ideals, thus answering a question of Eisenbud and Sturmfels [Binomial ideals, Duke Math. J. 84 (1996), 1–45].
Complete Genome Sequences of Two Hydrangea Ringspot Virus Isolates from Japan
Authors: Yusa Akira , Iwabuchi Nozomu , Koinuma Hiroaki , Keima Takuya , Neriya Yutaro , Hashimoto Masayoshi , Maejima Kensaku , Yamaji Yasuyuki , Namba Shigetou 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Hydrangea ringspot virus (HdRSV) is a plant RNA virus, naturally infecting
Hydrangea macrophylla
. Here, we report the first genomic sequences of two HdRSV isolates from hydrangea plants in Japan. The overall nucleotide sequences of these Japanese isolates were 96.0 to 96.3% identical to those of known European isolates.
Genome Sequence of
Kocuria palustris
Strain W4
Authors: Herschend Jakob , Raghupathi Prem K. , Røder Henriette L. , Sørensen Søren J. , Burmølle Mette 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

We report the 3.09 Mb draft genome sequence of
Kocuria palustris
W4, isolated from a slaughterhouse in Denmark.
Draft Genome Assembly of Two
Pseudoclavibacter helvolus
Strains, G8 and W3, Isolated from Slaughterhouse Environments
Authors: Raghupathi Prem K. , Herschend Jakob , Røder Henriette L. , Sørensen Søren J. , Burmølle Mette 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequences of two
Pseudoclavibacter helvolus
strains. Strain G8 was isolated from a meat chopper and strain W3 isolated from the wall of a small slaughterhouse in Denmark. The two annotated genomes are 3.91 Mb and 4.00 Mb in size, respectively.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Genotype G23P[37] Pheasant Rotavirus Strain Identified in Hungary
Authors: Gál János , Marton Szilvia , Ihász Katalin , Papp Hajnalka , Jakab Ferenc , Malik Yashpal S. , Bányai Krisztián , Farkas Szilvia L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigated the genomic properties of a rotavirus A strain isolated from diarrheic pheasant poults in Hungary in 2015. Sequence analyses revealed a shared genomic constellation (G23-P[37]-I4-R4-C4-M4-A16-N10-T4-E4-H4) and close relationship (range of nucleotide sequence similarity: VP2, 88%; VP1 and NSP4, 98%) with another pheasant rotavirus strain isolated previously in Germany.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Corynebacterium ulcerans
Strain 04-3911, Isolated from Humans
Authors: Guimarães Luis C. , Viana Marcus V. C. , Benevides Leandro J. , Mariano Diego C. B. , Veras Adooney A. O. , Sá Pablo H. C. , Rocha Flávia S. , Vilas Boas Priscilla C. B. , Soares Siomar C. , Barbosa Maria S. , Guiso Nicole , Badell Edgar , Carneiro Adriana R. , Azevedo Vasco , Ramos Rommel T. J. , Silva Artur 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium ulcerans
is a pathogenic bacterium infecting wild and domesticated animals; some infection cases in humans have increased throughout the world. The current study describes the draft genome of strain 04-3911, isolated from humans. The draft genome has 2,492,680 bp, 2,143 coding sequences, 12 rRNA genes, and 50 tRNA genes.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Leuconostoc mesenteroides
213M0, Isolated from Traditional Fermented Mare Milk Airag in Bulgan Aimag, Mongolia
Authors: Morita Hidetoshi , Toh Hidehiro , Oshima Kenshiro , Nakano Akiyo , Hano Chihiro , Yoshida Saki , Bolormaa Tsognemekh , Burenjargal Sedkhuu , Nguyen Co Thi Kim , Tashiro Kosuke , Arakawa Kensuke , Miyamoto Taku 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Leuconostoc mesenteroides
213M0 was isolated from traditional fermented mare milk airag in Bulgan Aimag, Mongolia. This strain produces a listericidal bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of this organism.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Flavobacterium
sp. 316, a Baltic Sea Isolate Exhibiting a High Level of Resistance to Marine Stress Conditions
Authors: Karczewska-Golec Joanna , Kochanowska-Łyżen Maja , Olszewski Paweł , Bałut Magdalena , Moskot Marta , Piotrowski Arkadiusz , Golec Piotr , Szalewska-Pałasz Agnieszka 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Flavobacterium
sp. 316, isolated from brackish water of the Gulf of Gdańsk, southern Baltic Sea. The assembly contains 3,971,755 bp in 17 scaffolds. The sequence will facilitate postgenomic studies on bacterial stress responses in the challenging habitat of the Baltic Sea.
Draft Genome Sequences ofMethanoculleus horonobensisStrain JCM 15517,Methanoculleus thermophilusStrain DSM 2373, andMethanofollis ethanolicusStrain JCM 15103, Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens Belonging to the FamilyMethanomicrobiaceae
Authors: Narihiro Takashi , Kusada Hiroyuki , Yoneda Yasuko , Tamaki Hideyuki 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTThe familyMethanomicrobiaceaecomprises hydrogen- and formate-utilizing methanogens. Genome sequencing of nine species ofMethanomicrobiaceaehas been conducted so far. Here, we report three additional draft genome sequences ofMethanomicrobiaceae, those ofMethanoculleus horonobensisJCM 15517 (=T10T),Methanoculleus thermophilusDSM 2373 (=CR-1T), andMethanofollis ethanolicusJCM 15103 (=HASUT).
Draft Genome Sequence of
Vibrio toranzoniae
Strain CECT 7225
T
Authors: Lasa Aide , Gibas Cynthia J. , Romalde Jesus L. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Vibrio toranzoniae
(CECT 7225
T
) was isolated from healthy reared carpet shell clams in Galicia (Northwest Spain). In addition, this species has been recently identified as a potential pathogen of red conger eel in Chile. The draft genome sequence has 4.5 Mbp, a G+C content of 43.9%, and >3,800 protein-coding genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Engineered
Escherichia coli
SHuffle Strains and Their Wild-Type Parents
Authors: Anton Brian P. , Fomenkov Alexey , Raleigh Elisabeth A. , Berkmen Mehmet 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

SHuffle strains are genetically engineered
Escherichia coli
strains that are capable of oxidizing cysteines within proteins to form disulfide bonds. Here we present the complete genome of both the K-12 and B versions of SHuffle strains along with their parental ancestors. These strains have been of significant use to both the general scientific community and the biotech industry, interested in producing novel disulfide-bonded proteins that were hitherto unable to be expressed in standard
E. coli
expression strains.
Microbes Drive Evolution of Animals and Plants: the Hologenome Concept
Authors: Rosenberg Eugene , Zilber-Rosenberg Ilana 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
The hologenome concept of evolution postulates that the holobiont (host plus symbionts) with its hologenome (host genome plus microbiome) is a level of selection in evolution. Multicellular organisms can no longer be considered individuals by the classical definitions of the term. Every natural animal and plant is a holobiont consisting of the host and diverse symbiotic microbes and viruses. Microbial symbionts can be transmitted from parent to offspring by a variety of methods, including via cytoplasmic inheritance, coprophagy, direct contact during and after birth, and the environment. A large number of studies have demonstrated that these symbionts contribute to the anatomy, physiology, development, innate and adaptive immunity, and behavior and finally also to genetic variation and to the origin and evolution of species. Acquisition of microbes and microbial genes is a powerful mechanism for driving the evolution of complexity. Evolution proceeds both via cooperation and competition, working in parallel.
Economic impact study: neuromuscular training reduces the burden of injuries and costs compared to standard warm-up in youth soccer
Authors: Marshall Deborah A , Lopatina Elena , Lacny Sarah , Emery Carolyn A 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundThere is randomised controlled trial (RCT) evidence that neuromuscular training (NMT) programmes can reduce the risk of injury in youth soccer. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of such an NMT prevention strategy compared to a standard of practice warm-up.MethodsA cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted alongside a cluster RCT. Injury incidence rates were adjusted for cluster using Poisson regression analyses. Direct healthcare costs and injury incidence proportions were adjusted for cluster using bootstrapping. The joint uncertainty surrounding the cost and injury rate and proportion differences was estimated using bootstrapping with 10 000 replicates.ResultsAlong with a 38% reduction in injury risk (rate difference=−1.27/1000 player hours (95% CI −0.33 to −2.2)), healthcare costs were reduced by 43% in the NMT group (−$689/1000 player hours (95% CI −$1741 to $234)) compared with the control group. 90% of the bootstrapped ratios were in the south-west quadrant of the cost-effectiveness plane, showing that the NMT programme was dominant (more effective and less costly) over standard warm-up. Projecting results onto 58 100 Alberta youth soccer players, an estimated 4965 injuries and over $2.7 million in healthcare costs would be conservatively avoided in one season with implementation of a neuromuscular training prevention programme.ConclusionsImplementation of an NMT prevention programme in youth soccer is effective in reducing the burden of injury and leads to considerable reduction in costs. These findings inform practice and policy supporting the implementation of NMT prevention strategies in youth soccer nationally and internationally.
Effectiveness of implementation strategies in improving physician adherence to guideline recommendations in heart failure: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Van Spall Harriette G C , Shanbhag Deepti , Gabizon Itzhak , Ibrahim Quazi , Graham Ian D , Harlos Karen , Haynes R Brian , Connolly Stuart J 
Published: April 2016

IntroductionThe uptake of Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) recommendations that improve outcomes in heart failure (HF) remains suboptimal. We will conduct a systematic review to identify implementation strategies that improve physician adherence to class I recommendations, those with clear evidence that benefits outweigh the risks. We will use American, Canadian and European HF guidelines as our reference.Methods and analysisWe will conduct a literature search in the databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, HEALTHSTAR, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Campbell Collaboration, Joanna Briggs Institute Evidence Based Practice, Centre for Reviews and Dissemination and Evidence Based Practice Centres. We will include prospective studies evaluating implementation interventions aimed at improving uptake of class I CPG recommendations in HF. We will extract data in duplicate. We will classify interventions according to their level of application (ie, provider, organisation, systems level) and common underlying characteristics (eg, education, decision-support, financial incentives) using the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care Taxonomy. We will assess the impact of the intervention on adherence to the CPGs. Outcomes will include proportion of eligible patients who were: prescribed a CPG-recommended pharmacological treatment; referred for device consideration; provided self-care education at discharge; and provided left ventricular function assessment. We will include clinical outcomes such as hospitalisations, readmissions and mortality, if data is available. We will identify the common elements of successful and failing interventions, and examine the context in which they were applied, using the Process Redesign contextual framework. We will synthesise the results narratively and, if appropriate, will pool results for meta-analysis.Discussion and disseminationIn this review, we will assess the impact of implementation strategies and contextual factors on physician adherence to HF CPGs. We will explore why some interventions may succeed in one setting and fail in another. We will disseminate our findings through briefing reports, publications and presentations.Trial registration numberCRD42015017155.
Temperature measurements with a temporal scanner: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Geijer Håkan , Udumyan Ruzan , Lohse Georg , Nilsagård Ylva 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesSystematic review and meta-analysis on the diagnostic accuracy of temporal artery thermometers (TAT).DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis. The index test consisted of temperature measurement with TAT. The reference test consisted of an estimation of core temperature.ParticipantsClinical patients as well as healthy participants, with or without fever.InterventionsLiterature search in PubMed, Embase, Cinahl and Web of Science. Three reviewers selected articles for full-text reading after which a further selection was made. Risk of bias was assessed with QUADAS-2. Pooled difference and limits of agreement (LoA) were estimated with an inverse variance weighted approach. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Sensitivity and specificity were estimated using hierarchical models. Quality of evidence was assessed according to the GRADE system.Primary and secondary outcome measuresThe primary outcome was measurement accuracy expressed as mean difference ±95% LoA. A secondary outcome was sensitivity and specificity to detect fever. If tympanic thermometers were assessed in the same population as TAT, these results were recorded as well.Results37 articles comprising 5026 participants were selected. Pooled difference was -0.19°C (95% LoA −1.16 to 0.77°C), with moderate quality of evidence. Pooled sensitivity was 0.72 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.81) with a specificity of 0.94 (95% CI 0.87 to 0.97). The subgroup analysis revealed a trend towards underestimation of the temperature for febrile patients. There was a large heterogeneity among included studies with wide LoA which reduced the quality of evidence.ConclusionsTAT is not sufficiently accurate to replace one of the reference methods such as rectal, bladder or more invasive temperature measurement methods. The results are, however, similar to those with tympanic thermometers, both in our meta-analysis and when compared with others. Thus, it seems that TAT could replace tympanic thermometers with the caveat that both methods are inaccurate.Trial registration numberCRD42014008832.
Prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with outcomes in older emergency general surgical patients: an observational study
Authors: Hewitt Jonathan , McCormack Caroline , Tay Hui Sian , Greig Matthew , Law Jennifer , Tay Adam , Asnan Nurwasimah Hj , Carter Ben , Myint Phyo Kyaw , Pearce Lyndsay , Moug Susan J , McCarthy Kathryn , Stechman Michael J 
Published: April 2016

ObjectivesMultimorbidity is the presence of 2 or more medical conditions. This increasingly used assessment has not been assessed in a surgical population. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of multimorbidity and its association with common outcome measures.DesignA cross-sectional observational study.SettingA UK-based multicentre study, included participants between July and October 2014.ParticipantsConsecutive emergency (non-elective) general surgical patients admitted to hospital, aged over 65 years.Outcome measuresThe outcome measures were (1) the prevalence of multimorbidity and (2) the association between multimorbidity and frailty; the rate and severity of surgery; length of hospital stay; readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge; and death at 30 and 90 days.ResultsData were collected on 413 participants aged 65–98 years (median 77 years, (IQR (70–84)). 51.6% (212/413) participants were women. Multimorbidity was present in 74% (95% CI 69.7% to 78.2%) of the population and increased with age (p<0.0001). Multimorbidity was associated with increasing frailty (p for trend <0.0001). People with multimorbidity underwent surgery as often as those without multimorbidity, including major surgery (p=0.03). When comparing multimorbid people with those without multimorbidity, we found no association between length of hospital stay (median 5 days, IQR (1–54), vs 6 days (1–47), (p=0.66)), readmission to hospital (64 (21.1%) vs 18 (16.8%) (p=0.35)), death at 30 days (14 (4.6%) vs 6 (5.6%) (p=0.68)) or 90-day mortality (28 (9.2%) vs 8 (7.6%) (p=0.60)).Conclusions and implicationsMultimorbidity is common. Nearly three-quarters of this older emergency general surgical population had 2 or more chronic medical conditions. It was strongly associated with age and frailty, and was not a barrier to surgical intervention. Multimorbidity showed no associations across a range of outcome measures, as it is currently defined. Multimorbidity should not be relied on as a useful clinical tool in guidelines or policies for older emergency surgical patients.
Resident reflections on end-of-life education: a mixed-methods study of the 3 Wishes Project
Authors: Centofanti J , Swinton M , Dionne J , Barefah A , Boyle A , Woods A , Shears M , Heels-Ansdell D , Cook D 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveThe objectives of this study were to describe residents' experiences with end-of-life (EOL) education during a rotation in the intensive care unit (ICU), and to understand the possible influence of the 3 Wishes Project.DesignWe enrolled dying patients, their families and 1–3 of their clinicians in the 3 Wishes Project, eliciting and honouring a set of 3 wishes to bring peace to the final days of a critically ill patient's life, and ease the grieving process for families. We conducted semistructured interviews with 33 residents who had cared for 50 dying patients to understand their experiences with the project. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, then analysed using a qualitative descriptive approach.Setting21-bed medical surgical ICU in a tertiary care, university-affiliated hospital.Results33 residents participated from internal medicine (24, 72.7%), anaesthesia (8, 24.2%) and laboratory medicine (1, 3.0%) programmes in postgraduate years 1–3. 3 categories and associated themes emerged. (1) EOL care is a challenging component of training in that (a) death in the ICU can invoke helplessness, (b) EOL education is inadequate, (c) personal connections with dying patients is difficult in the ICU and (d) EOL skills are valued by residents. (2) The project reframes the dying process for residents by (a) humanising this aspect of practice, (b) identifying that family engagement is central to the dying process, (c) increasing emotional responsiveness and (d) showing that care shifts, not stops. (3) The project offers experiential education by (a) intentional role modelling, (b) facilitating EOL dialogue, (c) empowering residents to care in a tangible way and (d) encouraging reflection.ConclusionsFor residents, the 3 Wishes Project integrated many forms of active learning for residents. Practice-based rather than classroom-based programmes may engage trainees to develop EOL skills transferable to other settings.
OX40+ Regulatory T Cells in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Suppress Effector T-Cell Responses and Associate with Metastatic Potential
Authors: Lai Chester , August Suzannah , Albibas Amel , Behar Ramnik , Cho Shin-Young , Polak Marta E. , Theaker Jeffrey , MacLeod Amanda S. , French Ruth R. , Glennie Martin J. , Al-Shamkhani Aymen , Healy Eugene 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Purpose: Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common human cancer with metastatic potential. Despite T cells accumulating around cSCCs, these tumors continue to grow and persist. To investigate reasons for failure of T cells to mount a protective response in cSCC, we focused on regulatory T cells (Tregs) as this suppressive population is well represented among the infiltrating lymphocytes.
Experimental Design: Flow cytometry was conducted on cSCC lymphocytes and in vitro functional assays were performed using sorted tumoral T cells. Lymphocyte subsets in primary cSCCs were quantified immunohistochemically.
Results: FOXP3+ Tregs were more frequent in cSCCs than in peripheral blood (P &lt; 0.0001, n = 86 tumors). Tumoral Tregs suppressed proliferation of tumoral effector CD4+ (P = 0.005, n = 10 tumors) and CD8+ T cells (P = 0.043, n = 9 tumors) and inhibited IFNγ secretion by tumoral effector T cells (P = 0.0186, n = 11 tumors). The costimulatory molecule OX40 was expressed predominantly on tumoral Tregs (P &lt; 0.0001, n = 15 tumors) and triggering OX40 with an agonist anti-OX40 antibody overcame the suppression exerted by Tregs, leading to increased tumoral effector CD4+ lymphocyte proliferation (P = 0.0098, n = 10 tumors). Tregs and OX40+ lymphocytes were more abundant in primary cSCCs that metastasized than in primary cSCCs that had not metastasized (n = 48 and n = 49 tumors, respectively).
Conclusions: Tregs in cSCCs suppress effector T-cell responses and are associated with subsequent metastasis, suggesting a key role for Tregs in cSCC development and progression. OX40 agonism reversed the suppressive effects of Tregs in vitro, suggesting that targeting OX40 could benefit the subset of cSCC patients at high risk of metastasis. Clin Cancer Res; 22(16); 4236–48. ©2016 AACR.