bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Warming and drying of tundra and glacier summer climate in NW Spitsbergen from 1975 to 2014
Authors: Przybylak Rajmund , Araźny Andrzej 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTemperature and precipitation conditions in the Kaffiøyra region in the summer season (21 July–31 August) for the period from 1975–2014 are described based on data collected during 22 expeditions, in which meteorological measurements were carried out, and complete data series combining both original and reconstructed data. The latter ones were obtained using data from the Ny Ålesund meteorological station, which are strongly correlated with data from the Kaffiøyra region. Seasonal statistics presented for temperature and precipitation based on these two sets of data reveal only slight changes. Summer temperatures in the Kaffiøyra region in the studied period (1975–2014) showed statistically significant strong upward trends, while precipitation totals revealed a downward trend, but not statistically significant. In the studied area, based on 40-years of data, it was demonstrated that the near-surface lapse rates of summer air temperature are slightly lower in glaciated (0.58°C/100 m) than in non-glaciated areas (0.67°C/100 m). Anticyclonic/cyclonic circulation types significantly increase/decrease air temperature on the Waldemar Glacier, while their impact on precipitation is markedly smaller. In summer, close correlations were observed between air temperature and such glacier characteristics as the mass balance and the location of the equilibrium line, while precipitation does not have a great influence on them.
Influence of snowpack internal structure on snow metamorphism and melting intensity on Hansbreen, Svalbard
Authors: Laska Michał , Luks Bartłomiej , Budzik Tomasz 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis paper presents a detailed study of melting processes conducted on Hansbreen – a tidewater glacier terminating in the Hornsund fjord, Spitsbergen. The fieldwork was carried out from April to July 2010. The study included observations of meltwater distribution within snow profiles in different locations and determination of its penetration time to the glacier ice surface. In addition, the variability of the snow temperature and heat transfer within the snow cover were measured. The main objective concerns the impact of meltwater on the diversity of physical characteristics of the snow cover and its melting dynamics. The obtained results indicate a time delay between the beginning of the melting processes and meltwater reaching the ice surface. The time necessary for meltwater to percolate through the entire snowpack in both, the ablation zone and the equilibrium line zone amounted toc.12 days, despite a much greater snow depth at the upper site. An elongated retention of meltwater in the lower part of the glacier was caused by a higher amount of icy layers (ice formationsandmelt-freeze crusts), resulting from winter thaws, which delayed water penetration. For this reason, a reconstruction ofrain-on-snowevents was carried out. Such results give new insight into the processes of the reactivation of the glacier drainage system and the release of freshwater into the sea after the winter period.
New geological interpretation of multi-channel seismic profiles from the Pacific Margin of the Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Okoń Jan , Giżejewski Jerzy , Janik Tomasz 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe Polish Geophysical Expedition to West Antarctica in 1979–1980 was carried out by the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences. Beside deep seismic soundings, 12 multi-channel seismic profiles, with a total length ofca1000 km have been recorded north and east of the South Shetland Islands and in the Bransfield Strait, but they have never before been completely interpreted and published. All profiles have been processed with modern processing flow including time migration. Profiles crossing the South Shetland Trench revealed distinct reflector inside continental slope, which has been interpreted as border between buried accretionary prism and overlying slope sediments of glacial-marine origin. Profiles in the Bransfield Strait show traces of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the form of glacial foreground valleys, with some of them used as weak spots for young age volcanic intrusions. This paper is the first comprehensive geological interpretation of collected dataset and differences between results from other expeditions are discussed.
Cyanobacterial and algal diversity in the vicinity of two different seabird colonies in Spitsbergen
Authors: Pietryka Mirosława , Richter Dorota , Matuła Jan 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe aim of the study was to compare cyanobacterial and algal assemblages occurring in ornithocoprophilous habitats formed under the influence of two seabird colonies (mixed colony of piscivorousUria lomviaandRissa tridactylaand planktivorousAlle alle) nesting on the southwest side of Hornsund (Spitsbergen). Various influences of the bird colonies (e.g.surface trophy, treading) lead to the formation of ornithogenic habitats with quantitatively and qualitatively diverse cyanobacterial and algal assemblages. Only 6 species common to both habitats were identified, but due to their different proportions the similarity ended there. Cyanobacterial and algal assemblages of both ornithogenic habitats also react rather differently to the intensity of the bird colonies’ influence. The assemblages located directly beneath piscivorous bird nests were characterized by a larger number of species, which decreased the farther from the colony it was. Cyanobacterial and algal assemblages located directly next to planktivorous bird nests were species poor, but species richness increased at locations farther from their direct influence. The obtained results confirmed that bird colonies characterized by different diet and behavior influenced the formation of two separate, quantitatively and qualitatively different cyanobacterial and algal assemblages. Species such asEucapsissp.,Gleocapsopsissp.,Gloeothecesp.,Woronichiniasp.,Hematococcussp. were characteristic for algae and cyanobacteria assemblages in the vicinity of piscivorous bird colonies, whereasAphanocapsasp.,Gloeothecesp.,Komvophoron minutum,Pseudanabaenasp.,Gloeocystissp. 2 occurred in the vicinity of planktivorous bird colonies.
Assessment of Respiratory Complications Associated with End Stage Renal Disease in Northern Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alosayfir Mohammed Abdulrahman S. , Almuzaini Fahad Khaled Fahad , Alateeq Fahad Mohammed , Altayep Kheder Mohamed , Ahmed Hussain Gadelkarim 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackground. The prevalence of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) is increasing in different parts of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), particularly Hail Region. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the respiratory complications that associated with ESRD.Methods. In the present study, clinical, imaging and laboratory parameters were identified for 100 ESRD patients with ESRD who were referred to the Pulmonary Medicine Department at King Khalid Hospital.Results. Pulmonary Edema, Pneumonia, and Pleural effusion were identified in 22%, 14%, and 16% of the referred ESRD patients, respectively.Conclusion. Respiratory complications are common among ESRD patients in Hail Region.
Effect of Organic and Mineral Fertilizers on Yield Parameters and Quality of Wheat Grain
Authors: Buráňová Š. , Černý J. , Mitura K. , Lipińska K.J. , Kovářík J. , Balík J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate winter wheat grain qualitative and yield parameters after the application of different organic and mineral fertilizers at two sites in the Czech Republic (S1 – Lukavec, S2 – Prague-Suchdol). For the purpose of this paper grain yield (GY, t ha−1), thousand kernel weight (TKW, g), bulk density (BD, g l−1), grain crude protein content (CP, %), and falling number (FN, s) were determined with regard to the CSN 461100-2 (2001) standard for food wheat. Significantly highest values of GY and BD at both sites and of CP at S2 were observed after the use of nitrogen in mineral form. At S1, significantly highest values of FN were obtained after the use of mineral fertilizers in combination with straw. The required limit of BD for food wheat was met for all fertilization treatments, while that of CP only at S2 by treatments with mineral nitrogen fertilizers. At S2, a strong correlation between all evaluated traits was registered. Low correlation was found at S1 between TKW and other evaluated traits.
Leptin Promoter Region Genotype Frequencies and Its Variability in the Czech Fleckvieh Cattle
Authors: Jecminkova K. , Kyselova J. , Said Ahmed A. , Zavadilova L. , Matlova V. , Majzlik I. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
To investigate the differences between the lineages of the Czech Fleckvieh cattle in Leptin promoter SNP C963T, 695 Czech Fleckvieh cows (650 from production herds and 45 from the Genetic Resources Program (GR)) were examined using PCR-RFLP. The C and T alleles of Leptin promoter were observed with a predominance of C allele in both groups. The most frequent genotypes were CC (63%) in production herds and CT (48%) in the GR population. The present study describes, for the first time, the genetic differences in production herds and GR population in Leptin promoter C963T SNP. Variation within the Czech Fleckvieh population was observed and resulted in an advantage to the GR population. Results presented herein emphasized the importance of the GR program as a reservoir of genetic diversity for indigenous breeds.
Land Tenure as a Factor Underlying Agricultural Landscape Changes in Europe: A Review
Authors: Krčílková Š. , Janovská V. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Land tenure is generally considered to be an important factor affecting farming, landscape, and rural development. This paper reviews selected case studies to identify how land tenure influences agricultural landscape changes in Europe. We identified how land tenure information was transformed into variables, grouping these variables into general thematic categories: (1) land rights variables based on references to the type of stakeholders and duration of land occupancy, (2) land structure variables describing general land structure, and (3) behavioural variables dependent on stakeholders’ attitudes, perceptions, and personal values. Each thematic category can be defined on three spatial levels: parcel or production block, stakeholder, and landscape. The results show that the tenure factor is not frequently included into landscape-change studies. When a land tenure factor was part of a given study, it either played a minor role among other drivers of landscape change or, if it influenced significant landscape changes, it had only locally specific effects. Moreover, there were studies with contradictory results and so it is difficult to generalize specific findings. Nevertheless, land tenure is frequently discussed within landscape-change research in relation to land abandonment as well as green services and their connection with the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy.
How do Takeovers Create Synergies? Evidence from France
Authors: Hamza Taher , Sghaier Adnène , Thraya Mohamed Firas 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Based on bidder-target asymmetry, our study investigates the source of synergy gains derived from corporate takeovers and their specific contribution to bidder value creation. Prior researches have focused on the relevance of only one source of potential synergy. We find that French takeovers tend to create long-term operating and financial synergies. These two synergy components are positive and significant with a large contribution of the former. Furthermore, cutbacks in investment expenditures represent the most significant source of operating synergies, while post-acquisition market power is non-significant. Moreover, both total and operating synergies are higher in focused takeovers initiated by “value” as opposed to “glamour” bidders. Lastly, financial synergies are likely to arise from bidder leverage level and target relative size.
The Impact of Exchange Rates and Interest Rates on Bank Stock Returns: Evidence from U.S. Banks
Authors: Priti Verma 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper examines the mean, volatility spillovers and response asymmetries between short-term and long-term interest rates, exchange rates and portfolios of money center, large and medium-sized banks in the U.S. I use the multivariate version of Nelson’s (1991) Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditionally Heteroscedastic (EGARCH) model. Results indicate mean and volatility spillovers from short-term interest rates and exchange rates and long-term interest rates and exchange rates to three bank portfolios. Results also show response asymmetries from short-term interest rates and exchange rates and long-term interest rates and exchange rates to all the three bank portfolios. These findings have important implications for bankers in terms of devising different hedging strategies against interest rates and exchange rate risks.
The Debt Overhang Hypothesis: Evidence from Pakistan
Authors: Shah Muhammad Imran , Ullah Irfan , Rahman Zia Ur , Jan Nadeem 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This study investigates the debt overhang hypothesis for Pakistan in the period 1960-2007. The study examines empirically the dynamic behaviour of GDP, debt services, the employed labour force and investment using the time series concepts of unit roots, cointegration, error correlation and causality. Our findings suggest that debt-servicing has a negative impact on the productivity of both labour and capital, and that in turn has adversely affected economic growth. By severely constraining the ability of the country to service debt, this lends support to the debt-overhang hypothesis in Pakistan. The long run relation between debt services and economic growth implies that future increases in output will drain away in form of high debt service payments to lender country as external debt acts like a tax on output. More specifically, foreign creditors will benefit more from the rise in productivity than will domestic producers and labour. This suggests that domestic labour and capital are the ultimate losers from this heavy debt burden.
China’s Macroeconomic Policy Options: A Sectoral Financial Balances Perspective
Authors: Sivramkrishna Sashi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This paper attempts to discern the macroeconomic policy options open to China after its stock market crash in August 2015. While several facts and figures on different facets of the Chinese economy keep pouring in – high levels household savings, rising indebtedness of private sector, slowing GDP growth rates, contracting current account surplus, and many more – it is difficult to get a holistic picture of the Chinese macroeconomy and the policy options that it has in wake of the significant changes taking place. The Sectoral Financial Balances (SFB) model, which has its basis in a simple accounting identity, provides a simple, consistent and logical framework that can help us work through the fog and put these facts and figures in perspective. At the same it allows us to trace the movement of the economy through time and draw insights into the possible trajectory of the economy given trends in various macroeconomic parameters. From our analysis, can we say that China is heading towards a major crisis? And what could be the possible policy response of the Chinese government in averting such a crisis? These are important questions that need urgent answers.
Does Education Determine Employment: Peculiarities of the Indian Labour Market
Authors: Swati Sharma 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This study tests the empirical relation between the education qualifications and employment status, for the Indian workers. It also examines the role of education in securing employment in specific industries. There is evidence that the education level has a significant and positive association with the employment status of a worker. More significantly, the probability of being engaged in regular (casual) employment improves (declines) with each incremental educational qualification. The less educated workers are more likely to be involved in low-paying and labour intensive industries, such as agriculture and mining. However, the workers belonging to the marginalized social groups (SC, ST and OBC), the female workers, and the rural workers, are at a considerable disadvantage in the Indian labour market.
Unveiling the Direct Effect of Corporate Entrepreneurship’s Dimensions on the Business Performance: A Case of Big Five Banks in Pakistan
Authors: Umrani Waheed Ali , Mahmood Rosli , Ahmed Umair 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The ground aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between individual factors of corporate entrepreneurship and business performance. This investigation was expected to bring in un-revealed results as the past literature does not provide any sufficient evidence for the proposed model. The study used survey method to collect data from the big five banks in Pakistan. For this reason a total of 256 responses were collected from the bank branch managers on the topic, using stratified random sampling technique. Through using PLS structural Equation Modeling, the study employed the use of SmartPLS 3.0 for executing tests pertaining to reliability and validity, this was ensured by evaluating measurement model. Next, the study assessed structure model, under which the research has revealed that out of the 5 mentioned dimensions of corporate entrepreneurship only three have resulted in a significant relationship with business performance; this was followed by assessment of r-squared values and predictive relevance of the model keeping in view the recommendations from the popular literature. Implications for further research and management professionals are mentioned in detail.
Procedural arrhythmia termination during beating-heart, stand-alone surgical ablation and long-term outcome in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation
Authors: Janušauskas Vilius , Puodžiukaitė Lina , Radauskaitė Greta , Zorinas Aleksejus , Aidietienė Sigita , Jurkuvėnas Paulius , Račkauskas Gediminas , Ručinskas Kęstutis , Aidietis Audrius 
Published: June 2016

Summary

Objectives: Termination of atrial fibrillation (AF) during transcatheter ablation has been associated with improved outcomes in some studies. Our aim was to determine if termination of AF during beating-heart surgical ablation affects long-term results.

Design and methods: This observational, retrospective study included 69 patients who underwent minimally invasive stand-alone surgical epicardial ablation for non-valvular, persistent AF using a bipolar ablation device. Patients with confirmed pulmonary vein isolation were included in the evaluation. Absence of arrhythmia was confirmed at 3, 6, and 12 months and annually thereafter with 24-h Holter monitoring.

Results: Altogether, 39 (57%) patients were in AF at the beginning of surgical procedure. Among them, 21 (54%) recovered their sinus rhythm (SR) during the ablation: 7 (18%) had AF termination during left atrial ablation, 14 (36%) had AF termination during right atrial (RA) ablation. The remaining 18 (46%) patients required cardioversion to achieve SR. The mean follow-up was 55 ± 24 months. There were no significant differences in the patients’ preoperative and intraoperative data. The percentages of patients without AF termination during ablation who experienced freedom from AF and antiarrhythmic medications at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years postoperatively were 78%, 63%, 50%, 33%, and 43%, respectively. The corresponding percentages in patients with AF termination were 83%, 74%, 67%, 71%, and 75%, respectively.

Conclusions: There is a trend towards better long-term results if arrhythmia was terminated during surgical epicardial ablation on beating heart. Termination of AF during RA ablation (observed in 36% of patients), suggests that AF is a biatrial disease in patients with persistent AF.
Influence of Nonoxynol-9 on the Corrosion Inhibition of Carbon Steel in 1.0 M Hydrochloric Acid Solution
Authors: Abd El-Rehim Sayed S. , Deyab Mohamed Abdel Moneim , Hassan Hamdy H. , Abdel Aziz Ibrahim Ahamed 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The inhibitory performance of nonoxynol-9 (N9) as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel was evaluated in
1.0 M HCl solution at different temperatures. Potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS) and quantum chemical calculation methods were used in this study. The results indicated that the
corrosion rate decreased with increasing concentration of N9 up 150 ppm and decreased with the
increase in temperature of the medium. The comparison between the results obtained by polarization and EIS methods showed
a good agreement. The corrosion inhibition effect of N9 could be related to the adsorption of N9
molecules on the metal surface. Polarization curves indicated that N9 behaves as a mixed type inhibitor. EIS
exhibited one capacitive loop which indicates that the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. The
inhibition mechanism of N9 involves physical interaction between the inhibitor and metal surface. The adsorption
of N9 on carbon steel affords physisorption process and obeyed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Visualization of the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics Publications over the Last 25 Years
Authors: Tam-Tham H. , Minty E. P. , Yergens D. W. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryBackground: The last 25 years have been a period of innovation in the area of medical informatics. The International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) has published, every year for the last quarter century, the Yearbook of Medical Informatics, collating selected papers from various journals in an attempt to provide a summary of the academic medical informatics literature. The objective of this paper is to visualize the evolution of the medical informatics field over the last 25 years according to the frequency of word occurrences in the papers published in the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics.
Methods: A literature review was conducted examining the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics between 1992 and 2015. These references were collated into a reference manager application to examine the literature using keyword searches, word clouds, and topic clustering. The data was considered in its entirety, as well as segregated into 3 time periods to examine the evolution of main trends over time. Several methods were used, including word clouds, cluster maps, and custom developed web-based information dashboards.
Results: The literature search resulted in a total of 1210 references published in the Yearbook, of which 213 references were excluded, resulting in 997 references for visualization. Overall, we found that publications were more technical and methods-oriented between 1992 and 1999; more clinically and patient-oriented between 2000 and 2009; and noted the emergence of “big data”, decision support, and global health in the past decade between 2010 and 2015. Dashboards were additionally created to show individual reference data, as well as, aggregated information.
Conclusion: Medical informatics is a vast and expanding area with new methods and technologies being researched, implemented, and evaluated. Determining visualization approaches that enhance our understanding of literature is an active area of research, and like medical informatics, is constantly evolving as new software and algorithms are developed. This paper examined several approaches for visualizing the medical informatics literature to show historical trends, associations, and aggregated summarized information to illustrate the state and changes in the IMIA Yearbook publications over the last quarter century.