bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Understanding community hate crimes as an incorrigible proposition: Local political attitudes, path dependence, and the ceremonious reporting of hate crime statistics
Authors: Mills Jack M. , Lantz Brendan , Wenger Marin R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Hate Crime Statistics Act (HCSA) of 1990 requires the federal government to publicly release official hate crime statistics annually; the HCSA does not, however, mandate that local agencies submit hate crime reports to the government in the first place. Although research has evaluated the reporting of hate crime statistics in a dichotomous fashion (compliance vs. noncompliance), the current study suggests that the consistent and invariable reporting of zero hate crimes in a particular jurisdiction over time is unlikely and thus better conceptualized as a third response strategy: ceremonious compliance. We examine this strategy as a potentially unique institutional behavior, structured by local political and historical contexts, including discursive differences in the identification of hate crime as an important social problem, and localized histories of racial oppression. This research then uses multilevel multinomial logistic regression models to estimate variation in the likelihood of differential compliance strategies (i.e., true compliance, ceremonious compliance, noncompliance), according to several political and historical factors, including Republican vote share, location in the Confederate South, and historical lynchings. Findings reveal that political and historical contexts are important predictors of agency responses to hate crime, with a particular tendency toward ceremonious compliance in Republican‐leaning locales.
The accumulated impact of critical incident exposure on correctional officers’ mental health
Authors: Schwartz Joseph A. , Valgardson Bradon , Jodis Christopher A. , Mears Daniel P. , Steiner Benjamin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite compelling arguments that prison work influences officer mental health, little attention has been devoted to directly and rigorously assessing this relationship. Even less attention has been attributed to the potential impact of critical incident exposure on mental health outcomes among officers. Drawing from a longitudinal sample of correctional officers from three prisons in Minnesota, the current study develops and then tests a resiliency‐fatigue model by examining the impact of the accumulation of work‐related critical incident exposures on symptoms related to posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, and anxiety. As critical incident exposures accumulate, mental health symptoms are found to become more pronounced. The analyses also reveal evidence that mental health symptoms only increase to problematic levels once the accumulation of critical incidents reaches or surpasses an inflection point. The results underscore the importance of understanding the diverse groups affected by prisons and have downstream implications for incarcerated persons, as well as for prison systems more broadly.
The longevity factor spermidine is part of a highly heritable complex erythrocyte phenotype associated with longevity
Authors: Kaminsky Cameron J. , Mill Jericha , Patel Viharkumar , Pierce Dylan , Haj Amelia , Hess Aaron S. , Li Lingjun , Raife Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractExtreme longevity in humans is known to be a heritable trait. In a well‐established twin erythrocyte metabolomics and proteomics database, we identified the longevity factor spermidine and a cluster of correlated molecules with high heritability estimates. Erythrocyte spermidine is 82% heritable and significantly correlated with 59 metabolites and 22 proteins. Thirty‐eight metabolites and 19 proteins were >20% heritable, with a mean heritability of 61% for metabolites and 49% for proteins. Correlated metabolites are concentrated in energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and autophagy pathways. Erythrocyte mean cell volume (MCV), an established heritable trait, was consistently negatively correlated with the top 25 biomolecules most strongly correlated with spermidine, indicating that smaller MCVs are associated with higher concentrations of spermidine and correlated molecules. Previous studies have linked larger MCVs with poorer memory, cognition, and all‐cause mortality. Analysis of 432,682 unique patient records showed a linear increase in MCV with age but a significant deviation toward smaller than expected MCVs above age 86, suggesting that smaller MCVs are associated with extreme longevity. Consistent with previous reports, a subset of 78,158 unique patient records showed a significant skewing toward larger MCV values in a deceased cohort compared to an age‐matched living cohort. Our study supports the existence of a complex, heritable phenotype in erythrocytes associated with health and longevity.
Social disharmony, inauthenticity and patriarchy: an Ubuntu perspective on the practice of female genital mutilation
Authors: Ally Tauseef Ahmad , Tandwa Lizeka Amanda 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFemale Genital Mutilation (FGM) is a universal issue which affects girls in Africa, the Middle East, Asia and South America, and immigrant communities in Western Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand. FGM is a cultural practice in approximately 29 countries in Africa, affecting over 140 million girls. FGM is practiced as a rite of passage, where girls are initiated into womanhood. This practice is promoted as a means for incorporation, thus ascribing personhood, and belonging for girls to their communities. African scholars hold conflicting positions about FGM, with some arguing that it is essential for relational fullness and harmony. While others believe FGM is unjustified because of the health and social risks associated with the practice. We argue, applying sustainable social harmony and Gyekye's views on cultural revitalization, that FGM is morally unjustified and should be prohibited. We believe the claims that FGM fosters harmony, a value of Ubuntu, are fallacious, and this perceived harmony is pretentious and unsustainable. We claim that FGM is inauthentic, unjust and steeped in patriarchal underpinnings that are unsustainable, thus it is a disharmonious practice. Cultural practices that are disharmonious should be refined and pruned and must be dynamic and responsive to current realities.
Water restriction alters seed bank traits and ecology in Atlantic Forest seasonal forests under climate change
Authors: Dias Patrícia Borges , Horn Kunz Sustanis , Pezzopane José Eduardo Macedo , Xavier Talita Miranda Teixeira , Zorzanelli João Paulo Fernandes , Toledo João Vitor , Gomes Lhoraynne Pereira , Gorsani Rodrigo Gomes 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe soil seed bank (SSB) is one of the key mechanisms that ensure the perpetuity of forests, but how will it behave in the scenarios projected for the future climate? Faced with this main question, still little explored in seasonal tropical forests, this study evaluated the germination, ecological attributes, and functional traits of the SSB in a seasonal forest in the Atlantic Forest. Forty‐eight composite samples of the SSB were collected from 12 plots, distributed across four treatments, each with 12 replicates. The samples were placed in two climate‐controlled greenhouses, establishing two environments of controlled climatic conditions, both with two levels of water, as follows: Cur: current scenario without water restriction; Cur_WR: current scenario with water restriction; RCP8.5: future scenario without water restriction; RCP8.5_WR: future scenario with water restriction. The germinants were identified, and their ecological attributes and functional traits were obtained. Leaf area and biomass production, differences in abundance, richness, and diversity were evaluated, along with analysis of variance to assess the interaction between water levels and scenarios. All ecological attributes and functional traits evaluated drastically decreased in the future projection with water restriction, with this restriction being the main component influencing this response. The increased temperature in the future scenario significantly raised water consumption compared to the current scenario. However, persistent water restrictions in the future could undermine the resilience of seasonal forests, hindering seed germination in the soil. Richness and abundance were also adversely affected by water scarcity in the future scenario, revealing a low tolerance to the projected prolonged drought. These changes found in the results could alter the overall structure of seasonal forests in the future, as well as result in the loss of the regeneration potential of the SSB due to decreased seed viability and increased seedling mortality.
Do politically connected subsidy recipients disclose less subsidy information?
Authors: Li Ningzhong , Tan Youchao , Zeng Cheng 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the association between firms’ political connections and their voluntary disclosure of information related to government subsidies, using a sample of Chinese non‐state‐owned enterprises. We find that politically connected subsidy recipients disclose less information about their subsidies (source and policy basis) in their annual reports than do unconnected firms. This association is mainly driven by connected firms whose subsidies are difficult to justify and are stronger for firms registered in more corrupt provinces and firms with higher media attention. In addition, connected firms disclosing more subsidy information receive fewer future subsidies than do other connected firms. These findings suggest that politically connected subsidy recipients tend to withhold subsidy information to reduce the costs that accompany public scrutiny of subsidies granted through relationships.
Psychometric properties of two ADHD rating scales used in children with ADHD and intellectual disability
Authors: Palmer M. , Fang Z. , Carter Leno V. , Simonoff E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is often present in people with intellectual disability (ID) and autism. However, few ADHD measures have been developed specifically for individuals with these conditions. There is little literature exploring how well ADHD measures are performing at picking up specific symptoms at the item level.MethodsAnalyses were conducted on data from 122 children aged 7–15 years old with diagnoses of both ADHD and ID enrolled in the Hyperactivity and Special Educational Needs trial. Parents and teachers completed ratings of ADHD symptoms on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) hyperactivity subscale and the revised Conners' Rating Scales hyperactivity scale and ADHD index. Cronbach's alpha was used to examine the reliability of these measures. Item response theory explores the performance of individual items. Multiple indicators, multiple causes models were used to test for measurement invariance by ID severity, co‐occurring autism traits and child age.ResultsThe reliability of parent and teacher reports of ADHD symptoms on the Conners' and ABC was acceptable across the range of ID. Item performance was generally good, and information was provided across the continuum of ADHD traits. Few items on either measure were non‐invariant (i.e., item endorsement generally did not differ based on other child characteristics). When non‐invariance was found, the effect was small.ConclusionsBoth the parent‐reported and teacher‐reported versions of the Conners' hyperactivity scale and ADHD index and the ABC hyperactivity subscale appear to function well in the current sample of children with co‐occurring ADHD and ID.
Outcomes after childhood stroke in an inpatient paediatric rehabilitation unit: A retrospective study
Authors: McGowan Timothy , Danielson Janet , Gehrmann Frances , Hilton Nicola , Lunn Erin , McLennan Kim , Ryan Elizabeth , Ireland Penelope J 
Published: September 2024

AimChildhood stroke has an estimated incidence of 2–13 per 100 000 children. Limited consensus exists regarding best practice recommendations for childhood stroke rehabilitation. A retrospective study completed at a tertiary institution identified potential associations between factors including type of stroke, functional presentation, muscle strength and length of stay (LOS).MethodsA retrospective study of children post‐stroke admitted 2014–2019 evaluated factors influencing outcome within inpatient rehabilitation. Exploratory analyses were completed to investigate relationships between variables including LOS, functional change, premorbid comorbidities and muscle strength.ResultsData on 42 episodes of care (42 children: 18 males) following stroke were sourced from 2014 to 2019. Descriptive statistics were calculated for patient demographics, stroke characteristics, surgical treatment, premorbid comorbidities and muscle strength. Differences in WeeFIM scores between admission and discharge from the inpatient rehabilitation unit were tested using paired t tests. A higher number of children sustained ischaemic stroke (AIS, n = 24) when compared with haemorrhagic stroke (HS, n = 16). The average proportion of rehabilitation LOS to total hospital stay across all stroke types was 54.5%. Assessment of function demonstrated significant improvement between admission and discharge scores across all WeeFIM domains. Presence of comorbidities across stroke survivors was correlated with lower functional levels at discharge despite similar rehabilitation LOS.ConclusionLimited consensus exists guiding paediatric rehabilitation post‐childhood stroke. This paper provides preliminary data on a cohort post‐childhood stroke at a tertiary‐level inpatient service. Paediatric stroke survivors showed significant functional improvements after inpatient rehabilitation, with the self‐care domain showing greater improvements than mobility and cognition domains, respectively.
Perceptions, practices and preferences of veterinarians and veterinary nurses in the UK on consent for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pets
Authors: Gane K. , Sparks T. , Thomas E. 
Published: September 2024

ObjectivesCardiopulmonary resuscitation can be a difficult topic to discuss. The barriers surrounding its discussion are well documented in human medicine but have not previously been examined in veterinary medicine. The objectives of this study is to describe the perceptions, practices and preferences of veterinarians and registered veterinary nurses towards discussing cardiopulmonary resuscitation with pet owners.Materials and MethodsAn online survey was circulated to veterinarians and registered veterinary nurses in the UK. Open and closed questions were used, with multiple choice and free text answer formats, all of which related to the timing and content, participants' preferences and perceived barriers to cardiopulmonary resuscitation discussions.ResultsIn total, 290 responses met the inclusion criteria. Almost half of participants [140/290 (48%)] worked in first opinion practice. In total, 100 of 290 (34%) participants were “very likely” to discuss cardiopulmonary resuscitation preferences on admission. However, 244 of 272 (90%) said they would rather discuss cardiopulmonary resuscitation prospectively than at the time of a critical event. Most respondents [174/290 (60%)] stated that their practice does not include resuscitation preferences on admission consent forms despite 163 of 290 (56%) “strongly agreeing” that cardiopulmonary resuscitation preferences should be routinely discussed on admission. Over half [168/290 (58%)] never discussed costs associated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 67 of 290 (23%) never discussed likelihood of survival to discharge with the most common reason being “unaware of survival statistics.” Barriers to discussion included fear of causing upset, concerns for owner reactions and unrealistic owner expectations.Clinical SignificanceVeterinary professionals in the UK face multiple challenges when discussing cardiopulmonary resuscitation with pet owners. Whilst communication skills are an increasing area of focus in veterinary education, specific teaching on the topic of cardiopulmonary resuscitation discussion may be beneficial. Pet owner education may also mitigate some of the challenges to conversation.
Cardiovascular disease and testosterone therapy in male hypogonadism
Authors: de Silva Nipun Lakshitha , Grant Bonnie , Minhas Suks , Jayasena Channa N. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis review assesses the evidence of the physiological effects of testosterone on cardiovascular health, the association between male hypogonadism and cardiovascular health, and the effects of testosterone therapy on cardiovascular health in male hypogonadism. Preclinical studies suggest complex effects of testosterone on cardiovascular risk by acting on skeletal muscle, cardiomyocytes, vasculature, adipocytes, insulin action, and erythropoiesis. Furthermore, low testosterone has a bi‐directional association with cardiometabolic risk. Observational studies have reported worse metabolic profiles in men with organic hypogonadism. However, a consistent association between major cardiovascular events and male hypogonadism has not been established. Hematocrit increases with testosterone therapy; however, most studies do not report an increase in venous thromboembolism risk. Although some observational studies and a small randomized controlled study reported an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, recent data confirm the medium‐term cardiovascular safety of testosterone therapy in middle‐aged and older men with low testosterone.
The Principle of Limb Reconstruction—“One Walking, Two Lines, and Three Balances”: A Retrospective Analysis of Post‐Traumatic Lower Limb Deformity Correction
Authors: Zang Jiancheng , Wei Fangyuan , Shi Lei , Qin Sihe 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThe principles of limb reconstruction are crucial for treatment success, but there is no unified standard for complex limb deformities. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of the cases of post‐traumatic lower limb deformity and explore the new principle of limb reconstruction.MethodA retrospective analysis was conducted of 148 patients with post‐traumatic lower limb deformity who underwent surgery from May 1978 to December 2023; 85 were males (57.4%) and 63 were females (42.6%); 65 cases of left side (43.9%), 79 cases of right side(53.4%), and 4 cases were on both sides (2.7%), the average age was 24.64 years (5–69). There were 4 cases suffering hip deformities, 40 cases of femoral deformities, 18 cases from knee, 40 cases from tibiofibular, 93 cases of foot and ankle deformities, and some patients also had two or more types. All patients underwent surgical intervention in an average of 40.5 months (12–96) after injury. According to the evaluation of limb deformities, deformity correction and functional reconstruction with external fixation were implemented, following the principle of “one walking, two lines, and three balances.” The clinical evaluation adopts the criteria of Qinsihe lower limb deformity correction and functional reconstruction.Result148 patients with post‐traumatic lower limb deformities were followed up for 40.9 (12–356) months. The main surgical procedures implemented were tendon lengthening and soft tissue release (84 cases), osteotomy (93 cases), joint fusion (30 cases), and tendon transposition (16 cases); there were multiple surgical procedures in some patients. Among them, 124 cases used external fixators for stress control and 27 cases used internal fixation, while 3 cases used plaster or brace. There were 5 wire reactions postoperatively, which improved after dressing change and oral antibiotics. There were 2 pin infections, which improved by pin removing. No surgical related deep infections occurred, and no surgical related neurovascular damage occurred. At the last follow‐up, all limb deformities were corrected, limb function improved, and the results of treatment was very satisfactory. According to Qinsihe evaluation criteria for lower limb deformities, 74 cases were excellent, 56 cases good, and 18 cases fair, with an excellent and good rate of 87.84%.ConclusionStress control with external fixation is effective, safe, and controllable in correcting and reconstructing post‐traumatic lower limb deformities. The principle of “one walking, two lines, and three balances” plays an important role in the entire process of stress control limb reconstruction.
Thyroid Function Trends in Dialysis: Unveiling Peritoneal and Hemodialysis Disparities
Authors: Ita Jelić Pranjić , Lidija Orlić , Lori Srdoč Nemarnik , Tea Vrdoljak Margeta , Jelena Šimić , Ivan Bubić 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe interplay between peritoneal dialysis (PD), residual kidney function (RKF), and thyroid function remains poorly understood, with limited prospective studies comparing thyroid function in PD versus hemodialysis (HD) patients.MethodsThis prospective single‐center study assessed thyroid function in 18 PD patients over a 24‐month follow‐up period at the Department of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Kidney Transplantation, UHC Rijeka, Croatia. Data were compared to 24 concurrently treated HD patients.ResultsInitially, some PD patients exhibited elevated TSH levels, which normalized during follow‐up despite longer dialysis duration. Compared to HD patients, PD patients demonstrated significantly higher T4 concentrations at baseline and higher FT4 concentrations at 12 and 24 months. Furthermore, FT3 levels were significantly higher in PD patients at baseline and at both 12 and 24 months, with T3 levels also within the reference interval after the beginning of the study. Additionally, a positive association was observed between T4 levels and 24‐h diuresis after 12 months in PD patients.ConclusionRecognizing additional risk factors and potential impacts on RKF and cardiovascular comorbidities in dialysis patients can enhance patient care, influence dialysis modality selection, and guide ongoing patient monitoring. Thorough evaluation of thyroid function in PD and HD patients is essential for optimizing clinical outcomes and overall well‐being. This study contributes to understanding the complex interplay between thyroid function, RKF, and dialysis modality, emphasizing the need for further research to inform comprehensive patient care strategies.
Neo‐Endogenous Local Development, Tourism, and International Immigration in El Hierro, Spain
Authors: Mendoza Cristóbal , Domínguez‐Mujica Josefina , Parreño‐Castellano Juan Manuel , Moreno‐Medina Claudio 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article studies the role of international immigrants on enhancing economic and social diversity in El Hierro, potentially attracting more people, investment, and valorising local communities. It emphasizes the key characteristics of immigrants´ entrepreneurs, including their diverse backgrounds as lifestyle/labour immigrants, competence in languages, typically low initial capitalization and often lack of prior entrepreneurial experience. Despite initial limited professionalization, these entrepreneurs introduce innovations in services and products and cultivate social capital within the local community, particularly among other foreign‐born immigrants, and through transnational networks. This social capital is built upon personal relationships and mutual trust, promoting horizontal integration among businesses. These factors contribute to making the island a prime example of neo‐endogenous development in left‐behind areas. Yet, a high dependence on personal networks and local economic assets may affect negatively local development which needs more formalized and institutionalized support to create business environments for collaboration among stakeholders.