bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Improving airway management in pediatric emergency intubation: A narrative review with a focus on bougie guidance in settings with limited resources
Authors: Belal Mohamed Mohamed , Olatunji Gbolahan , Kokori Emmanuel , Aderinto Nicholas , Shubietah Abdalhakim , Alsabri Mohammed 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundEffective airway management in pediatric emergency settings, especially in resource‐limited environments, presents unique challenges that necessitate innovative solutions.ObjectivesThis review investigates the role of bougie‐guided pediatric intubation as a crucial technique in addressing these challenges.MethodsA comprehensive search of peer‐reviewed literature was conducted using reputable databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Web of Science. Suitable keywords and Medical Subject Headings terms were employed. Data extraction focused on study design, patient demographics, intervention protocols, primary outcomes, and safety profiles. A qualitative synthesis was performed to provide a comprehensive narrative review.ResultsPediatric bougies, known for their cost‐effectiveness and adaptability, emerge as promising tools for successful and efficient pediatric intubation. Comparative studies indicate that bougie use results in superior first‐pass success rates and reduced intubation times. Case studies highlight the bougie's versatility in managing difficult pediatric airways.ConclusionsThe bougie's cost‐effectiveness positions it as a practical solution to disparities in treatment levels. Successful pediatric intubation in resource‐limited settings requires improved accessibility, standardized proficiency, and infrastructure readiness. Integrating the bougie into pediatric airway management guidelines represents a proactive approach to these challenges.
Geomorphological and Sedimentological Rationale for Staged Sand Dam Construction
Authors: Viducich Jonathan M. G. , Gulduren Sevval S. , Ellingson Joe M. , Selker John S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTStream sediment transport results from a convolution of climate, weather, geology, topography, biology, and human influence. In addition to providing water and food security for rural dryland communities, sand dams—small weirs designed to trap only the coarse fractions of transported sediments in seasonal and ephemeral streams—highlight many complexities of geomorphological dynamics. Sand dams store water in interstitial riverbed pores and the size of deposited sediment particles largely determines the recoverability of stored water: Fine materials limit transmission and provide lower volumetric yield. In this study, we seek to identify a practical method for evaluating the theoretical effect of staged sand dam crest construction on key sediment‐trapping processes for a proposed dam site. We argue that the Rouse number provides a useful criterion for identifying regimes where the target material grades are trapped. These ideas were tested using sediment data collected in Kenya and US Army Corps of Engineers River Analysis System numerical simulations to evaluate the sensitivity of sedimentation processes to crest height. We show that constructing sand dams in stages results in more targeted trapping of coarse material. Sedimentation is shown to be more sensitive to variation in crest height than the flood hydrograph, especially when a dam's crest height is small. By introducing a method to assess the necessity and inform design of staged crest construction based on local flow dynamics, this study offers a framework for optimising sand dam performance in data‐scarce environments. This approach provides a means to balance construction costs with expected benefits, enhancing the sustainability and functionality of sand dams in arid and semi‐arid regions.
FIGO position statement on opportunistic salpingectomy as an ovarian cancer prevention strategy
Authors: Mor‐Hadar Danielle , Wilailak Sarikapan , Berek Jonathan , McNally Orla M. ,   the FIGO Committee on Women's Cancer
Published: October 2024

AbstractEpithelial ovarian cancer, with the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies, often goes undetected until advanced stages due to non‐specific symptoms. Traditional prevention strategies such as bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (BSO) are limited to high‐risk women and induce surgical menopause, often leading to significant health concerns. Recent findings suggest that many serous epithelial ovarian cancers originate in the fallopian tubes rather than the ovaries. This has led to the hypothesis that salpingectomy, with preservation of the ovaries, may reduce the risk of ovarian cancer while avoiding the adverse effects of early menopause. Studies show that bilateral salpingectomy (BS) significantly reduces ovarian cancer incidence even in average‐risk women. Bilateral salpingectomy has been demonstrated to be safe with minimal added operative time, no adverse effects on ovarian function and is also cost effective. Opportunistic salpingectomy (OS), at the time of non‐gynecologic surgeries, is a promising strategy for reducing ovarian cancer risk, especially among average‐risk women who have completed childbearing. It offers a safe and cost‐effective alternative to traditional methods. Emerging data supports incorporating OS into standard surgical practices for benign gynecologic conditions and considering it during unrelated abdominal/pelvic surgeries after adequate patient counseling and informed consent. Further training of non‐gynecologic surgeons in OS is recommended to expand its preventive benefits.
Using sign tracking to experimentally increase self‐control in rats
Authors: Mahmoudi Saba , Madden Gregory J. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImpulsive choice describes a preference for a smaller‐sooner reward (SSR) over a larger‐later reward (LLR). A large body of research has examined different procedures for decreasing impulsive choice in nonhuman subjects. One limitation of these procedures is the extensive training duration required to achieve the desired results. To address this limitation, the current experiment examined the effects of a brief course of Pavlovian training, designed to establish a conditioned stimulus (CS) that could be strategically used to encourage LLR choices. Forty male Long‐Evans rats were randomly assigned to appetitive Pavlovian or unpaired training. A lever insertion signaled an upcoming unconditioned stimulus (i.e., food presentation) for Pavlovian rats and it acquired CS properties. The lever was uncorrelated with the US in the unpaired group, and it did not acquire CS properties. In the subsequent impulsive‐choice assessment, the lever from the training phase served as the lever rats pressed to choose the LLR. After an LLR choice, the lever remained in the chamber during the delay to the LLR, just as the SSR lever remained in the chamber until that reward was delivered. Pavlovian‐trained rats sign tracked toward the lever CS and made significantly fewer impulsive choices than did rats in the unpaired group.
Autologous platelet‐rich plasma and fibrin‐augmented minced cartilage implantation in chondral lesions of the knee leads to good clinical and radiological outcomes after more than 12 months: A retrospective cohort study of 71 patients
Authors: Blanke Fabian , Warth Franziska , Oehler Nicola , Siegl Johanna , Prall Wolf Christian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPurposeThe treatment of cartilage lesions remains a challenge. Matrix‐associated autologous chondrocyte implantation has evolved to become the gold standard procedure. However, this two‐step procedure has crucial disadvantages, and the one‐step minced cartilage procedure has gained attention. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcome of an all‐autologous minced cartilage technique in cartilage lesions at the knee joint.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, 71 patients (38.6 years ± 12.0, 39,4% female) with a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed grade III–IV cartilage defect at the medial femur condyle (n = 20), lateral femur condyle (n = 2), lateral tibia plateau (n = 1), retropatellar (n = 28) and at the trochlea (n = 20) were included. All patients were treated with an all‐autologous minced cartilage procedure (AutoCart™). Clinical knee function was evaluated by the Tegner score, visual analogue scale, the subjective and objective evaluation form of the International Knee Documentation Committee and the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). MRI analyses were performed by magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) 2.0 knee score. Follow‐up examination was 13.7 ± 4.2 (12–24) months postoperative.ResultsAll clinical scores significantly improved after surgical intervention (p < 0.0001), especially the subgroup sports and recreation of KOOS showed clear changes from baseline in the follow‐up examination. In the postoperative MRI evaluation, 39 of 71 patients showed a complete fill of the cartilage defect without subchondral changes in 78% of the patients in the MOCART 2.0 score in the follow‐up analysis. None of the patients showed adverse effects, which are linked to the minced cartilage procedure during the time of follow‐up.ConclusionAn all‐autologous minced cartilage technique for chondral lesions at the knee joint seems to be an effective and safe treatment method with good clinical and radiological short‐term results.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
The LTAR Common Experiment: Facilitating improved agricultural sustainability through coordinated cross‐site research
Authors: Liebig Mark A. , Abendroth Lori J. , Robertson G. Philip , Augustine David , Boughton Elizabeth H. , Bagley Gwendolynn , Busch Dennis L. , Clark Pat , Coffin Alisa W. , Dalzell Brent J. , Dell Curtis J. , Fortuna Ann‐Marie , Freidenreich Ariel , Heilman Philip , Helseth Christina , Huggins David R. , Johnson Jane M. F. , Khorchani Makki , King Kevin , Kovar John L. , Locke Martin A. , Mirsky Steven B. , Schantz Merilynn C. , Schmer Marty R. , Silveira Maria L. , Smith Douglas R. , Soder Kathy J. , Spiegal Sheri , Stinner Jedediah , Toledo David , Williams Mark , Yost Jenifer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLong‐term research is essential for guiding the development of agroecosystems to meet escalating production demands in a manner that is environmentally sound and socially acceptable. Research must integrate biophysical and socioeconomic factors to provide geographically scalable knowledge that involves stakeholders across the research‐education‐extension‐policy spectrum. In response to this need, the Long‐Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network developed a “Common Experiment,” which seeks to develop and disseminate multi‐region, science‐based information to enable implementation of visionary agricultural innovations while simultaneously promoting food security, well‐being, environmental quality, and climate adaptation and mitigation. The core design of the Common Experiment contrasts prevailing and alternative/aspirational production systems, with the latter including novel innovations hypothesized to advance sustainable intensification in locally appropriate ways. Treatments in the Common Experiment represent a diversity of production systems under cropland, grazing land, and integrated crop/grazing land management. Where possible, treatments are evaluated at multiple spatial scales (e.g., from plot to enterprise) and are designed to evolve over the course of the experiment with stakeholder input. A common assessment framework guides data collection for the experiment and is complemented by metric‐specific protocols and an emerging data management infrastructure. Currently, there are large differences among sites in the application of the experimental framework and degree of stakeholder engagement; differences largely grounded in pragmatic issues related to land access, site expertise, and resource availability. The full potential of the LTAR Common Experiment may be realized with strategic investments in network capacity.
Comparison of nanoimaging and nanoflow based detection of extracellular vesicles at a single particle resolution
Authors: Xu Shihan , Zhang Zhengrong , Melvin Bridgette C. , Basu Ray Nibedita , Ikezu Seiko , Ikezu Tsuneya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe characterization of single extracellular vesicle (EV) has been an emerging tool for the early detection of various diseases despite there being challenges regarding how to interpret data with different protocols or instruments. In this work, standard EV particles were characterized for single CD9+, single CD81+ or double CD9+/CD81+ tetraspanin molecule positivity with two single EV analytic technologies in order to optimize their EV sample preparation after antibody labelling and analysis methods: NanoImager for direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM)‐based EV imaging and characterization, and Flow NanoAnalyzer for flow‐based EV quantification and characterization. False positives from antibody aggregates were found during dSTORM‐based NanoImager imaging. Analysis of particle radius with lognormal fittings of probability density histogram enabled the removal of antibody aggregates and corrected EV quantification. Furthermore, different machine learning models were trained to differentiate antibody aggregates from EV particles and correct EV quantification with increased double CD9+/CD81+ population. With Flow NanoAnalyzer, EV samples were prepared with different dilution or fractionation methods, which increased the detection rate of CD9+/CD81+ EV population. Comparing the EV phenotype percentages measured by two instruments, differences in double positive and single positive particles existed after percentage correction, which might be due to the different detection limit of each instrument. Our study reveals that the characterization of individual EVs for tetraspanin positivity varies between two platforms—the NanoImager and the Flow NanoAnalyzer—depending on the EV sample preparation methods used after antibody labelling. Additionally, we applied machine learning models to correct for false positive particles identified in imaging‐based results by fitting size distribution data.
Genotype‐phenotype associations in individuals with Diamond Blackfan anaemia
Authors: Gianferante D. Matthew , Mendez Kyra J. W. , Cole Sarah , Gadalla Shahinaz M. , Alter Blanche P. , Savage Sharon A. , Giri Neelam 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIntroductionDiamond Blackfan anaemia (DBA) is a rare disorder characterized by failure of red blood cell production, congenital abnormalities and cancer predisposition, primarily caused by pathogenic germline variants in genes encoding ribosomal proteins.MethodsWe conducted a genotype‐phenotype and outcome study of 121 patients with DBA spanning the 20‐year history of the National Cancer Institute's Inherited Bone Marrow Failure Syndromes study. Patient phenotypes were compared by large versus small ribosomal protein genes, across genes with >5 cases (RPS19, RPS29, RPS26 and RPL35A) and by type of pathogenic variants (hypomorphic versus null, large deletions versus others).ResultsA pathogenic germline variant was identified in 71% of patients (n = 86/121) from 54 families. After adjusting for multiple testing, we found that patients with RPS29 variants were least likely to need treatment for anaemia while those with large ribosomal protein subunit variants had a higher proportion of intellectual disability and gastrointestinal abnormalities compared with small ribosomal protein subunit variants (p < 3.5 × 10−4). There were no statistically significant differences in overall survival or cancer incidence among patients with large or small ribosomal subunit genes.ConclusionThis detailed genotype‐phenotype study of DBA improves our understanding of the role of germline genetics in the clinical manifestations that may help guide the management of people with DBA.
Risk factors for poor outcome in adult patients with respiratory syncytial virus infection evaluated at the emergency department
Authors: Gil‐Mosquera Manuel , Gómez‐Guerra Ruth , Sanz‐Rodríguez Elena , Mata‐Martínez Aránzazu , López‐Medrano Francisco , San Juan Rafael , Origüen Julia , Castro‐Arias Lorena , Aguado José María , Fernández‐Ruiz Mario 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRespiratory syncytial virus‐associated acute respiratory infection (RSV‐ARI) constitutes an emerging cause of morbidity in the adult population. The present retrospective study was aimed at identifying factors predictive of poor outcome that may be assessed at the first evaluation in the Emergency Department (ED). We included 275 adult patients with laboratory‐confirmed RSV‐ARI that required hospital admission from the ED between January 2018 and December 2019. Poor outcome (composite of progression to high‐flow oxygen therapy, non‐invasive or invasive mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission, and/or 30‐day all‐cause mortality) occurred in 31 patients (11.2%). Immunosuppression was present in 59 patients (21.5%). Although bacterial co‐infection was rare, antibiotic therapy was commonly initiated. Ribavirin was administered in 10 patients. Cognitive impairment (odds ratio [OR]: 2.452; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.990–6.072), concurrent oral anticoagulation (OR: 3.099; 95 CI: 1.287–7.464) and a pulse oximetry oxygen saturation to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio (SpO2/FiO2) ratio <382 at ED admission (OR: 3.013; 95 CI: 1.306–6.950) were independent risk factors for poor outcome, whereas influenza vaccination in the current season was protective (OR: 0.324; 95% CI: 0.138–0.763). Various factors easily available at the ED are useful for early risk stratification in adult patients with RSV‐ARI.
An evaluation of the performance of stopping rules in AI‐aided screening for psychological meta‐analytical research
Authors: König Lars , Zitzmann Steffen , Fütterer Tim , Campos Diego G. , Scherer Ronny , Hecht Martin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSeveral AI‐aided screening tools have emerged to tackle the ever‐expanding body of literature. These tools employ active learning, where algorithms sort abstracts based on human feedback. However, researchers using these tools face a crucial dilemma: When should they stop screening without knowing the proportion of relevant studies? Although numerous stopping rules have been proposed to guide users in this decision, they have yet to undergo comprehensive evaluation. In this study, we evaluated the performance of three stopping rules: the knee method, a data‐driven heuristic, and a prevalence estimation technique. We measured performance via sensitivity, specificity, and screening cost and explored the influence of the prevalence of relevant studies and the choice of the learning algorithm. We curated a dataset of abstract collections from meta‐analyses across five psychological research domains. Our findings revealed performance differences between stopping rules regarding all performance measures and variations in the performance of stopping rules across different prevalence ratios. Moreover, despite the relatively minor impact of the learning algorithm, we found that specific combinations of stopping rules and learning algorithms were most effective for certain prevalence ratios of relevant abstracts. Based on these results, we derived practical recommendations for users of AI‐aided screening tools. Furthermore, we discuss possible implications and offer suggestions for future research.
Perfectly normal nonrealcompact spaces under Martin's Maximum
Authors: Ishiu Tetsuya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe analyze the behavior of a perfectly normal nonrealcompact space on such that for every , is ‐open and is ‐closed under Martin's Maximum. We show that there exists a club subset of such that for a stationary subset of , for all ‐open neighborhood of , there exists such that for all , is unbounded in .
Hypoxia and aging: molecular mechanisms, diseases, and therapeutic targets
Authors: Nisar Ayesha , Khan Sawar , Li Wen , Hu Li , Samarawickrama Priyadarshani Nadeeshika , Gold Naheemat Modupeola , Zi Meiting , Mehmood Sardar Azhar , Miao Jiarong , He Yonghan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAging is a complex biological process characterized by the gradual decline of cellular functions, increased susceptibility to diseases, and impaired stress responses. Hypoxia, defined as reduced oxygen availability, is a critical factor that influences aging through molecular pathways involving hypoxia‐inducible factors (HIFs), oxidative stress, inflammation, and epigenetic modifications. This review explores the interconnected roles of hypoxia in aging, highlighting how hypoxic conditions exacerbate cellular damage, promote senescence, and contribute to age‐related pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, metabolic dysfunctions, and pulmonary conditions. By examining the molecular mechanisms linking hypoxia to aging, we identify key pathways that serve as potential therapeutic targets. Emerging interventions such as HIF modulators, antioxidants, senolytics, and lifestyle modifications hold promise in mitigating the adverse effects of hypoxia on aging tissues. However, challenges such as the heterogeneity of aging, lack of reliable biomarkers, and safety concerns regarding hypoxia‐targeted therapies remain. This review emphasizes the need for personalized approaches and advanced technologies to develop effective antiaging interventions. By integrating current knowledge, this review provides a comprehensive framework that underscores the importance of targeting hypoxia‐induced pathways to enhance healthy aging and reduce the burden of age‐related diseases.
Inducing disulfidptosis in tumors:potential pathways and significance
Authors: Mi Tao , Kong Xiangpan , Chen Meiling , Guo Peng , He Dawei 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRegulated cell death (RCD) is crucial for the elimination of abnormal cells. In recent years, strategies aimed at inducing RCD, particularly apoptosis, have become increasingly important in cancer therapy. However, the ability of tumor cells to evade apoptosis has led to treatment resistance and relapse, prompting extensive research into alternative death processes in cancer cells. A recent study identified a novel form of RCD known as disulfidptosis, which is linked to disulfide stress. Cancer cells import cystine from the extracellular environment via solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and convert it to cysteine using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH). When NADPH is deficient or its utilization is impaired, cystine accumulates, leading to the formation of disulfide bonds in the actin cytoskeleton, triggering disulfidptosis. Disulfidptosis reveals a metabolic vulnerability in tumors, offering new insights into cancer therapy strategies. This review provides a detailed overview of the mechanisms underlying disulfidptosis, the current research progress, and limitations. It also highlights innovative strategies for inducing disulfidptosis and explores the potential of combining these approaches with traditional cancer therapies, particularly immunotherapy, to expedite clinical translation.