bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF HEXAMERIC THIOFORMALDEHYDE, 1,3,5,7,9,11‐HEXATHIACYCLODODECANE
Authors: WEISSFLOG E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Umsetzung von Trithiapentan (I) mit Dibromthiapropan (II) in hoher Verdünnung liefert neben einer Vielzahl von anderen Produkten den hexameren Thioformaldehyd (III) in mäßiger Ausbeute.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF TETRAALKYLDIPHOSPHINE DISULFIDES WITH IODINE IN THE PRESENCE OF TRIPHENYLPHOSPHINE
Authors: FESHCHENKO N. G. , GOMELYA N. D. , MATYUSHA A. G. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Diphosphin‐disulfide (I) reagieren mit Iod zu DialkylJhio‐phesphinsäure‐iodiden (II), die zu den Aniliden (IV) und den Phosphinen (VI) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF β‐NITROSTYRENE WITH TRIALKYL PHOSPHITES
Authors: VAFINA N. M. , ZYABLIKOVA T. A. , IL'YASOV A. V. , SHERMERGORN I. M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn Fortsetzung früherer Untersuchungen der Umsetzung des Phosphits (II) mit β‐Nitrostyrol (Ia) in Ether, bei der ein 3:2‐Gemisch der Derivate (III) und (IV) entsteht, wird diese Reaktion unter verschiedenen Reaktionsbedingungen ausgeführt und führt zu den im Formelschema angegebenen Produkten.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PHENYL N‐PHENYLPHOSPHORAMIDOAZIDATE WITH CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND AMINES
Authors: ARRIETA A. , PALOMO C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie aus ihrem Chlorid‐Analogen (I) synthetisierte Titelverbindung (II) unterwirft sich bei der Reaktion mit den prim. Aminen (III) und Carbonsäuren (V) einer nucleophilen Verdrängung der Azidgruppe unter Bildung der gewünschten disubstituierten Harnstoffe (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF TRIADS SULFUR‐POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE‐DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE, SELENIUM‐POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE‐DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE, AND TELLURIUM‐POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE‐HEXAMETHYLPHOSPHORIC TRIAMIDE WITH ACETYLENES
Authors: TROFIMOV B. A. , AMOSOVA S. V. , GUSAROVA N. K. , MUSORIN G. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Verwendung der Titelsysteme als superbasische Medien erlauben eine Reihe neuer Reaktionen mit Acetylenen, die unter konventionellen Bedingungen nicht erfolgen.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION OF SMALL MOLECULES TO MN2(CO)5(PH2PCH2PPH2)2 INCLUDING THE ISOLATION OF A DIAZOMETHANE ADDUCT
Authors: TURNEY T. W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDer Titelkomplex (I) addiert in Methylenchlorid SO, , Benzoldiazoniumtetrafluoroborat oder CS2 unter CO‐Substitution.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX OF COBALT WITH A PARAMAGNETIC GLYOXIMATE LIGAND
Authors: MILAEV A. G. , PANOV V. B. , OKHLOBYSTIN O. YU. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Dibrom‐acetophenonderivat (I) wird mit Hydroxylaminhydrochlorid (II) zum Dioxim (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SOME METAL PERFLUORO‐β‐DIKETODIIMINATES
Authors: SHREIDER V. A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDurch Elektrolyse des Iminoenamins (I) mit Einsatz der entsprechenden Metalle als Elektroden werden nach Aufarbeitung die kristallinen, in den meisten organischen Lösungsmitteln löslichen Chelate (II) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: A TETRAAZA MACROCYCLE DERIVED FROM (+)‐PULEGONE. SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPPER(II) AND COBALT(III) COMPLEXES
Authors: HAY R. W. , BEMBI R. , HIDEG K. , HANKOVSZKY O. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractZwei Mole von (+)‐Pulegon (I) reagieren mit einem 1:1‐Gemisch von Ethylendiamin‐dihydroperchlorat und Ethylendiamin zu dem N4‐Makrocyclus (II).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON THE REACTIVITY OF METAL Π‐COMPLEXES. PART 35. SYNTHESIS AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF C5H5(PPR‐I3)PD(η1,η3‐C3H4)PD(PPR‐I3)BR: A COMPOUND FORMED THROUGH INSERTION OF ALLENE INTO A METAL‐METAL BOND
Authors: KUEHN A. + , BURSCHKA CH. , WERNER H. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Reaktion des Zweikernkomplexes (I) (Pd‐Pd) mit Allen führt zu dem 1:1‐Addukt (II), das durch Elementaranalyse, massen‐ und 1H‐NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen sowie eine Einkristall‐Röntgenanalyse charakterisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: FE2(μ2‐E2)(CO)6 (E = SULFUR, SELENIUM, AND TELLURIUM) AS REAGENTS FOR THE PREPARATION OF MIXED‐METAL CHALCOGENIDE CLUSTERS
Authors: DAY V. W. , LESCH D. A. , RAUCHFUSS T. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDie Titelverbindungen (I) sowie ein Mono‐triphenylphosphin‐ Derivat reagieren wirkungsvoll mit Ethylen‐bis‐[triphenylphosphin]‐Pt(0) oder ‐Pd(O) (II) unter homolytischer Spaltung der E‐E‐Bindung und bilden die heterometallischen Cluster (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES AND OXYGENATION OF IRON(II) STRAPPED PORPHYRIN COMPLEXES
Authors: BALDWIN J. E. , CROSSLEY M. J. , KLOSE T. , O'REAR E. A. III , PETERS M. K. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEin allgemeiner Weg zu Porphyrinen, die in den diagonalen meso‐Positionen "überspannt" ("strapped") sind, geht von Aldehyden wie (I) und Dibromiden wie (II) aus; die Dialdehyde (IIIa) bzw. (IIIc) [aus dem ‐ für den weiteren Reaktionsgang weniger zweckmäßigen ‐ Kondensationsprodukt (IIIb) in 3 Stufen erhältlich] werden mit dem Pyrrol (IV) zu den Bis‐pyrromethanen (V) umgesetzt, aus denen, nach Freisetzung der entsprechenden Tetrasäure und Kondensation mit Orthoformiat die überspannten Porphy‐ rine (VIa) bzw. (VIb) [über den Zn‐Komplex; nachfolgende Überführung mit Na‐boranat in (VIc)] erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: OPTIMIZING THE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRODEPOSITED CADMIUM SELENIDE SEMICONDUCTOR ELECTRODES
Authors: HOUSTON G. J. , MCCANN J. F. , HANEMAN D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDas Potential, bei dem CdSe‐Filme elektrolytisch aus wäßriger Lösung auf Ti‐Substraten abgeschieden werden, beeinflußt ihr Betriebsverhalten ‐ in photoelektrochemischen Zellen.
Nanostructured TiO2‐Based Anode Materials for High‐Performance Rechargeable Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yanyan , Tang Yuxin , Li Wenlong , Chen Xiaodong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), as the most widely used power source for portable electronics and the electric vehicles industry, are expected to exhibit high standards in terms of safety, long lifespan, high energy density, and high power density. However, the commercial graphite anode still suffers from potential safety issues. To address this challenge, TiO2‐based materials are being widely explored as anode materials and promising progress has been achieved in the past few decades. In this review, we present the state‐of‐the‐art for materials design strategies for TiO2 materials to achieve high‐performance LIBs. First, a brief discussion of the basic requirements for LIBs is introduced as a prerequisite. Second, for the purpose of improving the electrode performance with TiO2 materials, the corresponding material engineering approaches are illustrated, which include intrinsic methods and extrinsic approaches. Lastly, the challenges and future perspectives for nanostructured TiO2 toward high‐performance LIBs are outlined. This review is expected to give a comprehensive understanding and guidance on TiO2‐based materials in the application of energy storage devices.
Readily Available “Stock Solid” of MoS2 and WS2 Nanosheets through Solid‐Phase Exfoliation for Highly Concentrated Dispersions in Water
Authors: Liu Gang , Komatsu Naoki 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe report a facile method for large‐scale exfoliation of bulk molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) in the presence of sodium cholate through ball milling. The exfoliated sample can be stored as a “stock solid” and is readily dispersed in water just by shaking by hand, giving a highly concentrated dispersion (up to 4.2 and 2.6 mg mL−1) of MoS2 and WS2 nanosheets with up to 93 % and 57 % yields, respectively, after centrifugation.
A learning Portfolio solver for optimizing the performance of constraint programming problems on multi‐core computing systems
Authors: Menouer Tarek , Sukhija Nitin , Bertrand Le Cun 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper describes a learning parallel constraint programming (CP) solver designed for solving CP problems with several instances on massively parallel computing platforms comprising multi‐core parallel machines or Many Integrated Cores. The CP solver proposed in this work is based on a Portfolio parallelization that employs a linear reward inaction learning algorithm in order to obtain the best possible performance for a large set of instances of the same problem. The linear reward inaction algorithm enables the prediction of the number of cores to be assigned to each search strategy based on previous experiments, reducing the computing time required to solve constraint satisfaction and optimization problems. The underlying principle of the Portfolio approach is to run N sequential search strategies using N computing cores (N To NPortfolio) where each core uses its own strategy in order to perform a search that is different from strategies used by the other cores. The first strategy that finds a solution stops all other strategies. The problem with the N To NPortfolio approach is that the number of search strategies is very small compared with the current number of computing cores used by the parallel machines. However, using an internal parallelization for each search strategy, it is possible to run N parallel search using P computing cores with P ≫ N (N To PPortfolio). This N To PPortfolio performs suboptimally for solving different CP problems because many computing resources are wasted. To improve this Portfolio model, an adaptive N To PPortfolio was proposed, which tries to privilege the strategy that is most likely to find a solution first in order to give it more computing cores than the other strategies. However, the main problem with the adaptive Portfolio is that it loses all the learned information at the end of each search; it is designed to solve just one CP problem. Furthermore, many computational resources are wasted by both Portfolio solvers, the non‐adaptive (N To N and N To P) and the adaptive N To PPortfolio, when employed in some industrial projects, such as the PAJERO project, which always solves different instances of the same CP problem. To minimize the amount of wasted resources and to learn the most efficient search strategies, we propose a new learning Portfolio solver that uses a learning algorithm that configures automatically number of cores to each search. The performance obtained using the different Portfolio solvers is compared and illustrated by solving CP problems using as example the Google OR‐Tools solver. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AgFeS2‐Nanowire‐Modified BiVO4 Photoanodes for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Zheng Xiuzhen , Sciacca Beniamino , Garnett Erik C. , Zhang Liwu 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPhotoelectrochemical water splitting is a promising and environmentally friendly route for the conversion of solar energy into hydrogen. However, the efficiency of this energy conversion process is low because of the limited light absorption and rapid bulk recombination of charge carriers. In this study, the combination of a novel ternary sensitizer AgFeS2, having a narrow bandgap of 0.9 eV, with a BiVO4 electrode is presented for the enhancement of the solar‐energy‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency. The photoelectrochemical properties of this combined material were investigated and the photocurrent densities of AgFeS2–BiVO4 composite electrodes were greatly enhanced compared with pristine BiVO4 (15 times higher at 0.6 V vs. Ag/AgCl under AM 1.5G illumination). The enhanced photoelectrochemical properties arise from extended light absorption, fast charge transfer and appropriate energy gap alignment. It was demonstrated that AgFeS2 nanowires are promising inorganic sensitizers for improving the efficiency of solar water splitting.
Reduction of Anthelmintic Drug (Methyl [1]carbamate‐albendazole) on Gold Electrodes in Aprotic Solvent: Analysis of Chromatographic Reduction Products
Authors: Kamau Geoffrey N. , Mazzochette Zahilis , Kahi Helen K. , Mugweru Amos 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAlbendazole (ABZ) is a widely used anthelmintic drug for the treatment of parasitic worms and other diseases. The bulk electrolysis reduction reaction of albendazole (ABZ) was carried out in ammonium bromide‐acetonitrile solution under stirring conditions. The reduction of albendazole at gold electrode gave three non‐reversible waves. The average value of the electron transfer coefficient (nα) was found to be 0.505. The measured diffusion coefficient (D) had a value of 0.143×10−8 cm2 s−1. The bulk electrochemical reduction of ABZ products were characterized using liquid chromatography‐mass spectroscopy. Three cyclic voltammetry reduction waves were observed using a gold electrode and three chromatographic peaks were observed using liquid chromatography‐ Mass spectrometry. The observed results suggested that the second and third reduction steps occurred at the sulfur functional group of albendazole.
Spectral characteristics of background error covariance and multiscale data assimilation
Authors: Li Zhijin , Cheng Xiaoping , Gustafson Jr. William I. , Vogelmann Andrew M. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThe spatial resolutions of numerical atmospheric and oceanic circulation models have steadily increased over the past decades. Horizontal grid spacing down to the order of 1 km is now often used to resolve cloud systems in the atmosphere and sub‐mesoscale circulation systems in the ocean. These fine resolution models encompass a wide range of temporal and spatial scales, across which dynamical and statistical properties vary. In particular, dynamic flow systems at small scales can be spatially localized and temporarily intermittent. Difficulties of current data assimilation algorithms for such fine resolution models are numerically and theoretically examined. An analysis shows that the background error correlation length scale is larger than 75 km for streamfunctions and is larger than 25 km for water vapor mixing ratios, even for a 2‐km resolution model. A theoretical analysis suggests that such correlation length scales prevent the currently used data assimilation schemes from constraining spatial scales smaller than 150 km for streamfunctions and 50 km for water vapor mixing ratios. These results highlight the need to fundamentally modify currently used data assimilation algorithms for assimilating high‐resolution observations into the aforementioned fine resolution models. Within the framework of four‐dimensional variational data assimilation, a multiscale methodology based on scale decomposition is suggested and challenges are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biological Variation and Reference Change Value Data for Serum Neuron‐Specific Enolase in a Turkish Population
Authors: Matyar Selcuk , Goruroglu Ozturk Ozlem , Ziyanoglu Karacor Esin , Yuzbasioglu Ariyurek Sedefgul , Sahin Gulhan , Kibar Filiz , Yaman Akgun , Inal Tamer 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundNeuron‐specific enolase (NSE) is a recognized biomarker for the assessment of cerebral injury in neurological disorders. This study aims to report a definitive assessment of the biological variation (BV) components of this biomarker, including within‐subject BV (CVI), between‐subject BV (CVG), index of individuality (II), and reference change value (RCV), in a cohort of Turkish participants using an experimental protocol.MethodsSix blood specimens were collected from each of the 13 apparently healthy volunteers (seven women, six men; ranging in age from 23 to 36) on the same day, every 2 weeks for 2 months. Serum specimens were stored at −20°C until analysis. Neuron‐specific enolase levels were evaluated in serum samples using an electrochemiluminescence (ECLIA) immunoassay kit with a Roche Cobas e 411 auto‐analyser. ANOVA test was used to calculate the variations.ResultsThe CVI and CVG for NSE were 21.5% and 28.8%, respectively. Analytical variation (CVA) was calculated as 10.2%. Additionally, II and RCV were calculated as 0.74 and 66% (95% confident interval, CI), respectively.ConclusionAs the performance index (PI) was found to be less than 2 (PI = 0.95), it is concluded that the NSE measurements have a desirable performance for analytical imprecision. Since the II was found to be less than 1 (II: 0.74), the reference values will be of little use. Thus, RCV would provide better information for deciding whether a significant change has occurred.
Mechanism and Parameters Controlling the Decomposition Kinetics of Na2SiF6 Powder to SiF4
Authors: Soltani N. , Pech‐Canul M. I. , González L. A. , Bahrami A. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTSodium hexafluorosilicate (Na2SiF6) powder has been used as a silicon source for formation of Si3N4 coatings by the hybrid precursor system‐chemical vapor deposition (HYSY‐CVD) route. The quantitative effect of processing time, temperature, gas flow rate, and process atmosphere (N2 and N2:5% NH3) upon the fractional weight loss during the decomposition of Na2SiF6 was studied using a standard L9 Taguchi experimental design and analysis of variance. The decomposition kinetics of Na2SiF6(s) was studied theoretically and experimentally in the temperature range of 550–650ºC by applying the shrinking core model. It was found that regardless of atmosphere type, the reaction order is n ≈ 0.12 and that a two‐stage mixed mechanism consisting of chemical reaction and boundary layer gas transfer controls the decomposition rate. The determined fractional weight loss during Na2SiF6 decomposition in nitrogen atmosphere is about 1.05–1.5 orders of magnitude greater than that in N2:NH3. The gas flow rate affects the dissociation activation energy, being of 121, 109, and 94 kJ/mol in N2 and of 140, 120, and 115 kJ/mol in N2:NH3, for the flow rates of 20, 60, and 100 cm3/min, respectively, in both atmosphere types. A good agreement is observed by comparing experimental weight loss data with model predictions.
Percolation in Two‐Dimensional Copolymer‐Solvent Systems
Authors: Kuriata Aleksander , Polanowski Piotr , Sikorski Andrzej 
Published: April 2016

In this work, the structure of a strictly 2D dense polymer film for some model copolymer systems: diblock, triblock, and random copolymers is studied. An idealized model of these macromolecular systems is developed where positions of polymer beads are restricted to vertices of a simple cubic lattice and chains are under good solvent conditions (the excluded volume is the only interaction between beads of the chain and solvent molecules). The properties of the system are determined by means of Monte Carlo simulations with a sampling algorithm based on chain's local cooperative changes of conformation. Scaling of the chain size is studied and the influence of the polymer concentration on the chain's size and shape is discussed. The differences and similarities in the behavior of the percolation thresholds of one component in chains with different bead sequences are also shown and discussed. The percolation threshold is found to be weakly dependent on the chain length and more sensitive to the total polymer concentration.
image
Further Investigations of the New Structural Model of PANI/CSA Conducting Polymer System
Authors: Śniechowski Maciej , Kozik Tomasz , Niedźwiedź Wojciech , Łużny Wojciech 
Published: April 2016

In a recent paper, a new structural model of polyaniline (PANI) doped with camphorsulfonic acid (CSA) obtained by molecular dynamics simulations is proposed. This model is characterized by double layers of PANI separated by double layers of CSA. Here some new evidences for the correctness of the new model are shown, drawn from the comparison of its calculated diffraction patterns with experimental data. First, the powder diffraction patterns are calculated from the Debye formula and by a custom algorithm. This makes it possible to describe the anisotropy of all diffraction peaks by giving their pole figures. The orientations of all crystal planes and their indexations (obtained independently from the average orthorhombic unit cell proposed for the model structure) are consistent, and this description agrees well with already published results of experimental study of PANI/CSA thin films performed with the use of synchrotron radiation surface diffraction technique.
image
Confocal Scanning Laser Microscopic Study of the RDX Defect Structure in Deformed Polymer‐Bonded Explosives
Authors: van der Heijden Antoine E. D. M. , Bouma Richard H. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe influence of an explosion‐driven deformation on the defect structure in RDX crystals embedded in a polymer‐bonded explosive was investigated by means of confocal scanning laser microscopy. The images were compared to the defect structure in the as‐received RDX grades, embedded in an epoxy resin. In this way it is possible to qualitatively analyze the changes in defect structure of the RDX crystals that were induced by the explosion‐driven deformation. For the first time, these data therefore provide experimental confirmation of how shock waves mechanically interact with energetic crystals – a topic that, up to now, was only explored by means of simulations.
Foundations for using linear temporal logic in Event-B refinement
Authors: Hoang Thai Son , Schneider Steve , Treharne Helen , Williams David M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
In this paper we present a new way of reconciling Event-B refinement with linear temporal logic (LTL) properties. In particular, the results presented in this paper allow properties to be established for abstract system models, and identify conditions to ensure that the properties (suitably translated) continue to hold as those models are developed through refinement. There are several novel elements to this achievement: (1) we identify conditions that allow LTL properties to be mapped across refinement chains; (2) we provide translations of LTL predicates to reflect the introduction through refinement of new events and the renaming and splitting of existing events; (3) we do this for an extended version of LTL particularly suited to Event-B, including state predicates and enabledness of events, which can be model-checked at the abstract level. Our results are more general than any previous work in this area, covering liveness in the context of anticipated events, and relaxing constraints between adjacent refinement levels. The approach is illustrated with a case study. This enables designers to develop event based models and to consider their execution patterns so that liveness and fairness properties can be verified for Event-B systems.