bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Failure analysis on lattice matched GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge commercial concentrator solar cells after temperature accelerated life tests
Authors: Orlando Vincenzo , Gabás Mercedes , Galiana Beatriz , Espinet‐González Pilar , Palanco Santiago , Nuñez Neftali , Vázquez Manuel , Araki Kenji , Algora Carlos 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAccelerated life tests are frequently used to provide reliability information in a moderate period of time (weeks or months), and after that, a failure analysis is compulsory to detect the failure origins. In this paper, a failure analysis has been carried out after a temperature accelerated life test on lattice matched GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple junction commercial solar cells. Solar cells were forward biased in darkness inside three climatic chambers in order to emulate the photo‐generated current under nominal working conditions (a concentration level of 820 suns). After the accelerated aging test, a characterization of the resulting cells by means of quantum efficiency, dark and illumination I–V curves, electroluminescence, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X‐ray, scanning transmission electron microscope and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy has been carried out.Current is identified as the cause of degradation while temperature just dominates the accelerating factor of the aging test. Current promotes the front metal damage produced by the chemical evolution of the electroplating impurities together with those of the tab soldering process. Semiconductor structure does not seem to be responsible of any failure. Therefore, this kind of lattice matched GaInP/Ga(In)As/Ge triple junction solar cells, that as of 2016, are the workhorse of CPV technology, exhibits as a very robust device if the front metal connection is properly accomplished. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactive polymer zwitterions: Sulfonium sulfonates
Authors: Santa Chalarca Cristiam F. , Emrick Todd 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTSulfonium sulfonate, or sulfothetin, zwitterionic monomers were synthesized by ring‐opening of 1,3‐propanesultone with dialkyl sulfides containing styrenic or methacrylic moieties. Reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization of these monomers was achieved in water or trifluoroethanol, and the resulting polymers exhibited higher upper critical solution temperatures than the analogous sulfobetaine polymers. Unlike typical polymer zwitterions, these polymeric sulfothetins possess an inherent reactivity that proved tunable based on their chemical structures. This reactivity makes them amenable to post‐polymerization modification by nucleophilic dealkylation to rapidly access novel substituted polymers and gels. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 83–92
Platinated Nucleotides are Substrates for the Human Mitochondrial Deoxynucleotide Carrier (DNC) and DNA Polymerase γ: Relevance for the Development of New Platinum‐Based Drugs.
Authors: Lunetti Paola , Romano Alessandro , Carrisi Chiara , Antonucci Daniela , Verri Tiziano , De Benedetto Giuseppe E. , Dolce Vincenza , Fanizzi Francesco P. , Benedetti Michele , Capobianco Loredana 
Published: September 2016

Abstractcis‐[PtCl2(NH3)2] (cisplatin) is among the highest effective antitumor drugs used for the chemotherapeutic treatment of a broad range of malignancies. Recently, alongside with the classical direct bond to DNA, an alternative mechanism of action mediated by N7 platinated nucleotides has been suggested for cisplatin. Considering that mitochondria play an important role in cell death activation and in a significant portion of the clinical activity and pharmacological properties associated with cisplatin, aim of this research was to evaluate the possibility that platinated deoxynucleotides, as the model complex [Pt(dien)(N7‐5’‐dGTP)] (1), dien=diethylenetriamine, could be transported into mitochondria and then incorporated into mtDNA. The kinetic characterization has revealed that the mitochondrial deoxynucleotide carrier (DNC) transports complex 1 with high affinity. Finally, a highly efficient in organello DNA synthesis system, followed by ICP‐AES, has demonstrated that [Pt(dien)(N7‐5’‐dGTP)] is incorporated in the mitochondrial DNA by DNA polymerase γ. These results may have critical implications in the development of new generations of anticancer and/or antiviral nucleotide analogues with more specific cellular targets and fewer side effects.
Production of 1,3‐Butadiene from Erythritol
Authors: Sivaraman Balasubramaniam , Badle Sneh Sanjay , Rangaswamy Vidhya 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA methodology for the production of 1,3‐butadiene 1, the key monomer for synthetic rubber is reported here from erythritol 2. Erythritol is obtained from the fermentation of xylose by osmotolerant yeasts like Yarrowia lipolytica. Xylose was found to be a superior source of carbon yielding up to five fold higher titer values of erythritol as compared to that of glucose. Erythritol, the key intermediate, was then converted to 1,3‐butadiene through tetramesyl erythritol derivative 5 in significant yields.
Synthesis of Thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines via Microwave‐Assisted Thermolysis of 1‐(Thiophene‐2‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazoles
Authors: Soares Maria I. L. , Pinho e Melo Teresa M. V. D. , Fausto Rui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA selective and efficient method for the synthesis of unusual thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines incorporating two thiophene rings via thermal reactions of 1‐(thiophene‐2‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazoles is reported. Microwave‐assisted thermolysis of 1‐(thiophene‐2‐yl)‐1H‐tetrazoles at 160 °C in a water/toluene (2:1) solvent system afforded thieno[2,3‐d]pyrimidines in moderate to good yield (up to 66 %) as single products.
Facility-based planning methodology for rural roads using spatial techniques
Authors: Modinpuroju Anil , Prasad C. S. R. K. , Chandra Mukesh 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Provision of good rural roads to meet the public facilities changes the characteristics of rural transport. This paper aims at identifying the roads in a network for upgradation and maintenance based on the pavement and develop a methodology for prioritization of the roads using village facility indices. The study area is located in Warangal District, Telangana, India. Spatial analysis was carried out in the study area to identify the maximum coverage distance of the facility to design the village facility index using ArcGIS software. A priority list of the road links to upgradation works is prepared by calculating the link weight using gravity formula. A Geographic Information System (GIS)-based rural road database is developed, which will help the authorities in the road sector to expand the infrastructure facilities for current and future requirement. Practical applications of the model exhibit significant advantages over the general practices of rural road planning in India.
High‐school predictors of university achievement: Youths' self‐reported relationships with parents, beliefs about success, and university aspirations
Authors: Kay Joseph S. , Shane Jacob , Heckhausen Jutta 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACTAssociations between youths' reported relationships with their parents, beliefs about how success is attained, educational aspirations, and university completion were examined. Data come from the German Socioeconomic Panel. At age 17, youth (n = 3284) reported on their relationships with their parents, beliefs about success, and educational aspirations. University completion was assessed up to eight years later. At age 17, perceptions of parental warmth and interest in youths' academics were associated with beliefs that success is due to merit (positively) and that success is due to external factors or dominance over others (negatively). Beliefs that success is due to merit and external factors were associated with educational aspirations positively and negatively respectively. Educational aspirations positively predicted university completion up to eight years later. Relationships with parents had stronger associations with achievement when parents completed a university degree; beliefs about success had stronger associations with aspirations when parents did not.
Reformulations of practice: beyond experience in paramedic airway
management
Authors: Mausz Justin , Donovan Seanan , McConnell Meghan , Lapalme Corey , Webb Andrea , Feres Elizabeth , Tavares Walter 
Published: September 2016

Abstract

Objective
“Deliberate practice” and “feedback” are necessary for the development of
expertise. We explored clinical performance in settings where these features
are inconsistent or limited, hypothesizing that even in algorithmic domains of
practice, clinical performance reformulates in ways that may threaten patient
safety, and that experience fails to predict performance.

Methods
Paramedics participated in two recorded simulation sessions involving
airway management, which were analyzed three ways: first, we identified
variations in “decision paths” by coding the actions of the participants
according to an airway management algorithm. Second, we identified cognitive
schemas driving behavior using qualitative descriptive analysis. Third,
clinical performances were evaluated using a global rating scale, checklist,
and time to achieve ventilation; the relationship between experience and these
metrics was assessed using Pearson’s correlation.

Results
Thirty participants completed a total of 59 simulations. Mean experience
was 7.2 (SD=5.8) years. We observed highly variable practice patterns and
identified idiosyncratic decision paths and schemas governing practice. We
revealed problematic performance deficiencies related to situation awareness,
decision making, and procedural skills. There was no association between
experience and clinical performance (Scenario 1: r=0.13,
p=0.47; Scenario 2: r=−0.10,
p=0.58), or the number of errors (Scenario 1:
r=.10, p=0.57; Scenario 2: r=0.25, p=0.17) or the
time to achieve ventilation (Scenario 1: r=0.53,
p=0.78; Scenario 2: r=0.27,
p=0.15).

Conclusion
Clinical performance was highly variable when approaching an algorithmic
problem, and procedural and cognitive errors were not attenuated by provider
experience. These findings suggest reformulations of practice emerge in
settings where feedback and deliberate practice are limited.
The Vasarhelyi Method of Child Art Psychotherapy in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services: a stakeholder survey of clinical supervisors
Authors: McGovern M. , Byrne A. , McCormack M. , Mulligan A. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThe Vasarhelyi Method of Child Art Psychotherapy (CAP) is a largely understudied psychotherapeutic modality. This study aims to describe the Vasarhelyi Method of CAP and to describe a stakeholder survey of the views and attitudes of CAP placement supervisors towards CAP among various Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) teams nationwide.MethodsA phone- and letter-based survey of 17 CAP placement supervisors who oversee CAP masters students attached to CAMHS teams was performed. A questionnaire was designed enquiring about their experiences with CAP in their clinic and their thoughts on the validity of CAP in various conditions/patient demographics. Participants received written correspondence and were asked to return the survey by post; this was followed up by a telephone call to complete missing surveys.ResultsIn all, 12 (70.6%) complete surveys were returned. Of the 12 respondents, all considered the CAP student to be a valuable member of the team. In total, 10 respondents (83.33%) stated they would make regular use of the service if it were made available to them. With regard to the therapy itself, nine respondents (75%) believed it was better for internalising symptoms than externalising symptoms. Depression, anxiety, attachment difficulties, trauma, deliberate self-harm and possible psychosomatic illnesses are the conditions viewed as receiving the most benefit from CAP. No gender difference was reported.ConclusionCAP is considered an effective modality and valuable addition to a psychotherapeutic repertoire. Further, more extensive studies are needed in this field.
Morphology, systematics, and paleoecology of Tridactylastacus (Crustacea, Decapoda, Glypheidea, Litogastridae)
Authors: Schweitzer Carrie E. , Feldmann Rodney M. , Karasawa Hiroaki , Wells Neil A. , Hu Shixue , Zhang Qiyue , Huang Jinyuan , Wen Wen , Zhou Changyoing , Xie Tao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractA large assemblage of small specimens of Tridactylastacus sinensis Feldmann, Schweitzer, and Zhang in Feldmann et al., 2012, from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Luoping Biota, Yunnan Province, China, permitted cladistic analysis confirming their placement within Litogastridae in the superfamily Glypheoidea. Orientation of 86 specimens closely spaced on a single slab from one bedding surface revealed a preferred orientation suggestive of mild current activity. The specimens were interpreted to have been victims of a mass kill, possibly an algal bloom, within the water column.
Psychosocial therapy and causes of death after deliberate self-harm: a register-based, nationwide multicentre study using propensity score matching
Authors: Birkbak J. , Stuart E. A. , Lind B. D. , Qin P. , Stenager E. , Larsen K. J. , Wang A. G. , Nielsen A. C. , Pedersen C. M. , Winsløv J.-H. , Langhoff C. , Mühlmann C. , Nordentoft M. , Erlangsen A. 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundPsychosocial therapy after deliberate self-harm might be associated with reduced risk of specific causes of death.MethodIn this matched cohort study, we included patients, who after an episode of deliberate self-harm received psychosocial therapy at a Suicide Prevention Clinic in Denmark between 1992 and 2010. We used propensity score matching in a 1:3 ratio to select a comparison group from 59 046 individuals who received standard care. National Danish registers supplied data on specific causes of death over a 20-year follow-up period.ResultsAt the end of follow-up, 391 (6.9%) of 5678 patients in the psychosocial therapy group had died, compared with 1736 (10.2%) of 17 034 patients in the matched comparison group. Lower odds ratios of dying by mental or behavioural disorders [0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.37–0.79], alcohol-related causes (0.63, 95% CI 0.50–0.80) and other diseases and medical conditions (0.61, 95% CI 0.49–0.77) were noted in the psychosocial therapy group. Also, we found a reduced risk of dying by suicide as well as other external causes, however, not by neoplasms and circulatory system diseases. Numbers needed to treat were 212.9 (95% CI 139.5–448.4) for mental or behavioural disorders as a cause of death, 111.1 (95% CI 79.2–210.5) for alcohol-related causes and 96.8 (95% CI 69.1–161.8) for other diseases and medical conditions.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that psychosocial therapy after deliberate self-harm might reduce long-term risk of death from select medical conditions and external causes. These promising results should be tested in a randomized design.
Nineteenth-century transnational urban history
Authors: JØRGENSEN CLAUS MØLLER 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT:The aim of this article is to take stock of nineteenth-century transnational urban history. After a short introduction to transnational history, general urban histories are analysed with respect to the ways in which transnational perspectives are incorporated into the narratives. Specific contributions to urban history in a transnational perspective are analysed. Approaches to urban planning history that focus on transnational linkages and international organization are discussed. Approaches to urban history within enlarged geographical scales that go beyond the nation-state framework, with a particular focus on cities as nodes in translocal networks, are analysed. The article concludes with a critical discussion of nineteenth-century transnational urban history.
Advances in molecular genetics for pulmonary atresia
Authors: Gao Manchen , He Xiaomin , Zheng Jinghao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractGenetic and environmental factors may be similar in certain CHD. It has been widely accepted that it is the cumulative effect of these risk factors that results in disease. Pulmonary atresia is a rare type of complex cyanotic CHD with a poor prognosis. Understanding the molecular mechanism of pulmonary atresia is essential for future diagnosis, prevention, and therapeutic approaches. In this article, we reviewed several related copy number variants and related genetic mutations, which were identified in patients with pulmonary atresia, including pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.
BNC2 is a putative tumor suppressor gene in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma and impacts cell survival after oxidative stress
Authors: Cesaratto Laura , Grisard Eleonora , Coan Michela , Zandonà Luigi , De Mattia Elena , Poletto Elena , Cecchin Erika , Puglisi Fabio , Canzonieri Vincenzo , Mucignat Maria Teresa , Zucchetto Antonella , Stocco Gabriele , Colombatti Alfonso , Nicoloso Milena S , Spizzo Riccardo 
Published: September 2016

AbstractRs3814113 is the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) showing the strongest association with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) incidence and is located in an intergenic region about 44 kb downstream of basonuclin 2 (BNC2) gene. Lifetime number of ovulations is associated with increased risk to develop HGSOC, probably because of cell damage of extrauterine Müllerian epithelium by ovulation-induced oxidative stress. However, the impact of low-penetrance HGSOC risk alleles (e.g. rs3814113) on the damage induced by oxidative stress remains unclear. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether rs3814113 genetic interval regulates BNC2 expression and whether BNC2 expression levels impact on cell survival after oxidative stress. To do this, we analyzed gene expression levels of BNC2 first in HGSOC data sets and then in an isogenic cell line that we engineered to carry a 5 kb deletion around rs3814113. Finally, we silenced BNC2 and measured surviving cells after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) treatment to simulate oxidative stress after ovulation. In this paper, we describe that BNC2 expression levels are reduced in HGSOC samples compared with control samples, and that BNC2 expression levels decrease following oxidative stress and ovulation in vitro and in vivo, respectively. Moreover, deletion of 5 kb surrounding rs3814113 decreases BNC2 expression levels in an isogenic cell line, and silencing of BNC2 expression levels increases cell survival after H2O2 treatment. Altogether, our findings suggest that the intergenic region located around rs3814113 regulates BNC2 expression, which in turn affects cell survival after oxidative stress response. Indeed, HGSOC samples present lower BNC2 expression levels that probably, in the initial phases of oncogenic transformation, conferred resistance to oxidative stress and ultimately reduced the clearance of cells with oxidative-induced damages.
Development of an optimized AAV2/5 gene therapy vector for Leber congenital amaurosis owing to defects in RPE65
Authors: Georgiadis A , Duran Y , Ribeiro J , Abelleira-Hervas L , Robbie S J , Sünkel-Laing B , Fourali S , Gonzalez-Cordero A , Cristante E , Michaelides M , Bainbridge J W B , Smith A J , Ali R R 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLeber congenital amaurosis is a group of inherited retinal dystrophies that cause severe sight impairment in childhood; RPE65-deficiency causes impaired rod photoreceptor function from birth and progressive impairment of cone photoreceptor function associated with retinal degeneration. In animal models of RPE65 deficiency, subretinal injection of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) 2/2 vectors carrying RPE65 cDNA improves rod photoreceptor function, and intervention at an early stage of disease provides sustained benefit by protecting cone photoreceptors against retinal degeneration. In affected humans, administration of these vectors has resulted to date in relatively modest improvements in photoreceptor function, even when retinal degeneration is comparatively mild, and the duration of benefit is limited by progressive retinal degeneration. We conclude that the demand for RPE65 in humans is not fully met by current vectors, and predict that a more powerful vector will provide more durable benefit. With this aim we have modified the original AAV2/2 vector to generate AAV2/5-OPTIRPE65. The new configuration consists of an AAV vector serotype 5 carrying an optimized hRPE65 promoter and a codon-optimized hRPE65 gene. In mice, AAV2/5-OPTIRPE65 is at least 300-fold more potent than our original AAV2/2 vector.
The nuclear genome of Rhazya stricta and the evolution of alkaloid diversity in a medically relevant clade of Apocynaceae
Authors: Sabir Jamal S. M. , Jansen Robert K. , Arasappan Dhivya , Calderon Virginie , Noutahi Emmanuel , Zheng Chunfang , Park Seongjun , Sabir Meshaal J. , Baeshen Mohammed N. , Hajrah Nahid H. , Khiyami Mohammad A. , Baeshen Nabih A. , Obaid Abdullah Y. , Al-Malki Abdulrahman L. , Sankoff David , El-Mabrouk Nadia , Ruhlman Tracey A. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlkaloid accumulation in plants is activated in response to stress, is limited in distribution and specific alkaloid repertoires are variable across taxa. Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae, Gentianales) represents a major center of structural expansion in the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) yielding thousands of unique molecules including highly valuable chemotherapeutics. The paucity of genome-level data for Apocynaceae precludes a deeper understanding of MIA pathway evolution hindering the elucidation of remaining pathway enzymes and the improvement of MIA availability in planta or in vitro. We sequenced the nuclear genome of Rhazya stricta (Apocynaceae, Rauvolfioideae) and present this high quality assembly in comparison with that of coffee (Rubiaceae, Coffea canephora, Gentianales) and others to investigate the evolution of genome-scale features. The annotated Rhazya genome was used to develop the community resource, RhaCyc, a metabolic pathway database. Gene family trees were constructed to identify homologs of MIA pathway genes and to examine their evolutionary history. We found that, unlike Coffea, the Rhazya lineage has experienced many structural rearrangements. Gene tree analyses suggest recent, lineage-specific expansion and diversification among homologs encoding MIA pathway genes in Gentianales and provide candidate sequences with the potential to close gaps in characterized pathways and support prospecting for new MIA production avenues.