bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
40‐Hz oscillations underlying perceptual binding in young and older adults
Authors: Ross Bernhard , Fujioka Takako 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAuditory object perception requires binding of elementary features of complex stimuli. Synchronization of high‐frequency oscillation in neural networks has been proposed as an effective alternative to binding via hard‐wired connections because binding in an oscillatory network can be dynamically adjusted to the ever‐changing sensory environment. Previously, we demonstrated in young adults that gamma oscillations are critical for sensory integration and found that they were affected by concurrent noise. Here, we aimed to support the hypothesis that stimulus evoked auditory 40‐Hz responses are a component of thalamocortical gamma oscillations and examined whether this oscillatory system may become less effective in aging. In young and older adults, we recorded neuromagnetic 40‐Hz oscillations, elicited by monaural amplitude‐modulated sound. Comparing responses in quiet and under contralateral masking with multitalker babble noise revealed two functionally distinct components of auditory 40‐Hz responses. The first component followed changes in the auditory input with high fidelity and was of similar amplitude in young and older adults. The second, significantly smaller in older adults, showed a 200‐ms interval of amplitude and phase rebound and was strongly attenuated by contralateral noise. The amplitude of the second component was correlated with behavioral speech‐in‐noise performance. Concurrent noise also reduced the P2 wave of auditory evoked responses at 200‐ms latency, but not the earlier N1 wave. P2 modulation was reduced in older adults. The results support the model of sensory binding through thalamocortical gamma oscillations. Limitation of neural resources for this process in older adults may contribute to their speech‐in‐noise understanding deficits.
Blood pressure and the perception of illusive pain
Authors: Scheuren Raymonde , Duschek Stefan , Schulz André , Sütterlin Stefan , Anton Fernand 
Published: April 2016

AbstractNumerous studies have documented an inverse relationship between blood pressure and sensitivity to experimental nociceptive stimulation. The present study aimed to investigate possible associations between blood pressure and the occurrence and intensity of paradoxical pain induced by the thermal grill paradigm. Thirty‐one healthy subjects were stimulated three times for 1 min with the nonnoxious temperatures of 15°C and 41°C set at the interlaced cold and warm bars of a water bath‐driven thermal grill. Blood pressure and heart rate were recorded concomitantly. On account of previous observations of an association between the sensitivity of the cardiac baroreflex and pain perception, this parameter was additionally obtained. Numerical rating scales were used to quantify subjective pain intensity and pain unpleasantness; subjects were classified as responders and nonresponders to thermal grill stimulation based on pain intensity ratings. Responders exhibited lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure than nonresponders, and inverse linear associations arose between blood pressure and pain intensity and unpleasantness. Baroreflex sensitivity was unrelated to pain ratings. The findings confirmed the hypothesis of a blood pressure dependence of paradoxical pain and support the notion that the cardiovascular and pain regulatory systems interact not only in the processing of pain elicited by noxious input, but also in nonnoxiously generated illusive pain. While this finding is not consistent with the assumption of an involvement of the baroreflex system in mediating the observed interaction, psychological traits and neurochemical factors are alternatively considered.
We Perform Surveillance for Arteriovenous Graft Stenosis
Authors: Whittier William L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSuccessful hemodialysis is dependent on high unimpeded blood flow. Arteriovenous grafts are notorious for access stenosis, a precursor for access thrombosis. Access surveillance techniques are available and in observational studies have been superior to clinical monitoring for the detection of access stenosis and subsequent prevention of thrombosis in arteriovenous grafts. However, in prospective randomized controlled studies, these surveillance techniques have not been superior to clinical monitoring in reducing access thrombosis and or prolonging access survival. Presently, routine surveillance should not be performed until it can be proven to be effective at prolonging thrombosis free graft survival.
We Underutilize the Leg Graft
Authors: Allon Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractOnce hemodialysis patients have exhausted all option for a permanent vascular access in both upper extremities, they are often relegated at many dialysis centers to permanent catheter dependence with all its attendant complications, including infections, frequent dysfunction, and central vein stenosis. This commentary makes the case that thigh grafts are a far superior alternative to dialysis catheters in many of these patients. Technical graft failure may occur in some patients due to severe femoral artery calcification, but screening for calcification by ultrasound or computerized tomography can reduce the likelihood of a technical failure. Placement of a thigh graft may lead to critical lower extremity ischemia, but preoperative screening for peripheral vascular disease should minimize this possibility. Thigh grafts have comparable secondary patency to that obtained with upper extremity grafts. Finally, although the risk of infection is somewhat higher for thigh grafts than upper extremity grafts, it is still much lower than the risk of catheter‐related bacteremia. In summary, thigh grafts should be used much more frequently in patients without an option for an upper extremity access.
We Use Heparin as the Anticoagulant for CRRT
Authors: Karakala Nithin , Tolwani Ashita 
Published: April 2016

AbstractContinuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) usually requires anticoagulation to prevent clotting of the extracorporeal circuit. Interruptions due to filter clotting significantly reduce total therapy time and CRRT efficacy. Although heparin has traditionally been the most common anticoagulant used for CRRT, increasing evidence suggests that heparin is less effective than regional citrate in prolonging circuit life and considerably increases patient bleeding risk. Advantages of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) include less bleeding, increased circuit life, and less blood transfusion requirement. RCA should be the anticoagulant of choice for CRRT.
Dropping Highly Collinear Variables from a Model: Why it Typically is Not a Good Idea*
Authors: O'Brien Robert M. 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo change the common practice of eliminating independent variables from models because they produce multicollinearity in an independent variable of special interest.MethodsI supplement my presentation, which is based on the purposes of regression analysis, by using Venn diagrams, simple formulas, and two small simulations.ResultsIndependent variables that when removed from a model substantially change the statistics associated with the independent variable(s) of most interest are variables that should typically be kept in the model. Multicollinearity is not a sufficient reason to drop variables from a model.ConclusionI argue against the routine dropping of variables that cause multicollinearity in an independent variable of interest from regression models. A more important criterion to consider when contemplating dropping a variable from a model is “model influence.”
Prognostic risk‐stratified score for predicting mortality in hospitalized patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: nationally representative data from 2007 to 2012
Authors: Goel Ruchika , King Karen E. , Takemoto Clifford M. , Ness Paul M. , Tobian Aaron A.R. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDDespite proven efficacy and increased availability of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), mortality for patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) remains high with a limited understanding of those at highest risk of death.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis study utilized the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2007‐2012) to derive a prognostic score for mortality in hospitalized TTP patients. Odds ratios of death with various putative risk factors adjusted for age, sex, and race were calculated (adjOR). Weighted mean of adjOR estimates were incorporated in a risk‐stratified score.RESULTSAmong 8203 hospitalizations with TTP as primary admission diagnosis who underwent TPE, 613 deaths were identified (all‐cause mortality, 7.5%; median time‐to‐death, 9 days; interquartile range, 4‐14 days). In multivariable logistic regression, arterial thrombosis (adjOR 6.7, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1‐40.9), intracranial hemorrhage (adjOR, 6.1; 95% CI, 1.6‐23.2), age at least 60 years (adjOR, 3.5; 95% CI, 2.1‐5.6), renal failure (adjOR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.5‐4.5), ischemic stroke (adjOR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.2‐5.0), platelet (PLT) transfusions (adjOR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2‐4.1), and myocardial infarction (adjOR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.2‐4.6) were significant independent predictors of mortality in TTP patients who underwent TPE. A prognostic weighted mortality prediction scoring system incorporating arterial thrombosis, intracranial hemorrhage, age, renal failure, ischemic stroke, PLT transfusion, and myocardial infarction showed very good discrimination and was predictive of 78.6% deaths.CONCLUSIONSEarly and targeted therapy for high‐risk individuals should be used to guide management of TTP patients for improved survival outcomes.
Platelet transfusion therapy in sub‐Saharan Africa: bacterial contamination, recipient characteristics, and acute transfusion reactions
Authors: Hume Heather A. , Ddungu Henry , Angom Racheal , Baluku Hannington , Kajumbula Henry , Kyeyune‐Byabazaire Dorothy , Orem Jackson , Ramirez‐Arcos Sandra , Tobian Aaron A.R. 
Published: April 2016

BACKGROUNDLittle data are available on bacterial contamination (BC) of platelet units or acute transfusion reactions to platelet transfusions (PTs) in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA).STUDY DESIGN AND METHODSThis prospective, observational study evaluated the rate of BC in whole blood–derived platelet units (WB‐PUs), the utility of performing Gram stains to prevent septic reactions, characteristics of patients receiving PTs, and the rate of acute reactions associated with PTs at the Uganda Cancer Institute in Kampala, Uganda. An aliquot of each WB‐PU studied was taken to perform Gram stains and culture using the Bactec 9120 instrument. Study participants were monitored for reactions.RESULTSIn total, 337 WB‐PUs were evaluated for BC, of which 323 units were transfused in 151 transfusion episodes to 50 patients. The frequency of BC ranged from 0.3% to 2.1% (according to criteria used to define BC). The Gram stain had high specificity (99.1%) but low sensitivity to detect units with BC. The median platelet count before PT was 10,900 cells/µL (interquartile range, 6000‐18,900 cells/µL). Overall, 78% of PTs were given to patients with no bleeding. Acute reactions occurred in 11 transfusion episodes, involving 13 WB‐PUs, for a rate of 7.3% (95% confidence interval, 3.7%‐12.7%) per transfusion episode. All recipients of units with positive bacterial cultures were receiving antibiotics at the time of transfusion; none experienced a reaction.CONCLUSIONSThe rate of BC observed in this study is lower than previously reported in SSA, but still remains a safety issue. Because Gram staining appears to be an ineffective screening tool, alternate methods should be explored to prevent transfusing bacterially contaminated platelets in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Biofilm‐Associated Gene Expression in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on a Variety of Implant Materials
Authors: Crawford Evan C. , Singh Ameet , Gibson Thomas W.G. , Weese J. Scott 
Published: April 2016

ObjectiveTo evaluate the expression of biofilm‐associated genes in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius on multiple clinically relevant surfaces.Study DesignIn vitro experimental study.Sample PopulationTwo strains of methicillin‐resistant S. pseudintermedius isolated from clinical infections representing the most common international isolates.MethodsA quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for expression of genes related to biofilm initial adhesion, formation/maturation, antimicrobial resistance, and intracellular communication was developed and validated. S. pseudintermedius biofilms were grown on 8 clinically relevant surfaces (polymethylmethacrylate, stainless steel, titanium, latex, silicone, polydioxanone, polystyrene, and glass) and samples of logarithmic and stationary growth phases were collected. Gene expression in samples was measured by qPCR.ResultsSignificant differences in gene expression were identified between surfaces and between bacterial strains for most gene/strain/surface combinations studied. Expression of genes responsible for production of extracellular matrix were increased in biofilms. Expression of genes responsible for initial adhesion and intracellular communication was markedly variable. Antimicrobial resistance gene expression was increased on multiple surfaces, including stainless steel and titanium.ConclusionA method for evaluation of expression of multiple biofilm‐associated genes in S. pseudintermedius was successfully developed and applied to the study of biofilms on multiple surfaces. Variations in expression of these genes have a bearing on understanding the development and treatment of implant‐associated biofilm infections and will inform future clinical research.
Active subthreshold dendritic conductances shape the local field potential
Authors: Ness Torbjørn V. , Remme Michiel W. H. , Einevoll Gaute T. 
Published: April 2016

Key points
The local field potential (LFP), the low‐frequency part of extracellular potentials recorded in neural tissue, is often used for probing neural circuit activity. Interpreting the LFP signal is difficult, however.
While the cortical LFP is thought mainly to reflect synaptic inputs onto pyramidal neurons, little is known about the role of the various subthreshold active conductances in shaping the LFP.
By means of biophysical modelling we obtain a comprehensive qualitative understanding of how the LFP generated by a single pyramidal neuron depends on the type and spatial distribution of active subthreshold currents.
For pyramidal neurons, the h‐type channels probably play a key role and can cause a distinct resonance in the LFP power spectrum.
Our results show that the LFP signal can give information about the active properties of neurons and imply that preferred frequencies in the LFP can result from those cellular properties instead of, for example, network dynamics.
AbstractThe main contribution to the local field potential (LFP) is thought to stem from synaptic input to neurons and the ensuing subthreshold dendritic processing. The role of active dendritic conductances in shaping the LFP has received little attention, even though such ion channels are known to affect the subthreshold neuron dynamics. Here we used a modelling approach to investigate the effects of subthreshold dendritic conductances on the LFP. Using a biophysically detailed, experimentally constrained model of a cortical pyramidal neuron, we identified conditions under which subthreshold active conductances are a major factor in shaping the LFP. We found that, in particular, the hyperpolarization‐activated inward current, Ih, can have a sizable effect and cause a resonance in the LFP power spectral density. To get a general, qualitative understanding of how any subthreshold active dendritic conductance and its cellular distribution can affect the LFP, we next performed a systematic study with a simplified model. We found that the effect on the LFP is most pronounced when (1) the synaptic drive to the cell is asymmetrically distributed (i.e. either basal or apical), (2) the active conductances are distributed non‐uniformly with the highest channel densities near the synaptic input and (3) when the LFP is measured at the opposite pole of the cell relative to the synaptic input. In summary, we show that subthreshold active conductances can be strongly reflected in LFP signals, opening up the possibility that the LFP can be used to characterize the properties and cellular distributions of active conductances.
Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strain DK1-NH57388A, a Stable Mucoid Cystic Fibrosis Isolate
Authors: Norman Anders , Ciofu Oana , Amador Cristina Isabel , Høiby Niels , Jelsbak Lars 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is an important opportunistic pathogen associated with chronic pulmonary infections and mortality in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of stable mucoid
P. aeruginosa
strain DK1-NH57388A, a CF isolate which has previously been used to establish chronic lung infections in an animal model.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Serovar Gallinarum bv. Gallinarum Isolate Associated with Fowl Typhoid Outbreaks in Brazil
Authors: De Carli Silvia , Gräf Tiago , Mayer Fabiana Q. , Cibulski Samuel , Lehmann Fernanda K. M. , Fonseca André S. K. , Ikuta Nilo , Lunge Vagner R. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Gallinarum bv. Gallinarum strains are bird pathogens causing fowl typhoid (FT). Isolate BR_RS12 was obtained from a poultry flock with FT in 2014. The sequencing of this genome will enable to track the origin of the recent outbreaks in Brazil.
Genome Sequence of a Unique t2247-ST692-III Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Strain from Chicken Carcass
Authors: Moon Dong Chan , Kim Byung-Yong , Tamang Migma Dorji , Nam Hyang-Mi , Jang Geum-Chan , Jung Suk-Chan , Lee Hee-Soo , Park Yong-Ho , Lim Suk-Kyung 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

We report the draft genome sequence of a novel livestock-associated t2247-ST692-III methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
strain designated K12S0375, which was isolated from a chicken carcass in South Korea. The K12S0375 strain contains uncommon genes, including antimicrobial resistance genes (
tetL
and
tetS
) and leukotoxin (
lukED
), and the genomic distance indicates a single lineage in a genome-based phylogenetic tree compared with 459
S. aureus
genome sequences. This genome sequence will contribute to understanding epidemiological and genomic features of the ST692 lineage, including antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes.
Draft Genome Sequences of Three Novel
Clostridium
Isolates from Northern Iraq
Authors: Rashid Srwa R. J. , Clokie Martha R. J. , Millard Andrew D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Three
Clostridium
sp. strains were isolated from soil and sediment collected from the Kurdistan region of Iraq. All three isolates were found to harbor putative prophages, with a CRISPR-Cas system found in strains C105KSO13 and C105KSO14.
Whole-Genome Sequence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis Strain 226, Isolated from the Abscess of a Goat in California
Authors: Dias Larissa M. , Alves Jorianne T. C. , Veras Adonney A. O. , Baraúna Rafael A. , Sá Pablo H. C. G. , Spier Sharon , Edman Judy M. , Guimarães Luis C. , Rocha Flávia S. , Ramos Rommel T. J. , Azevedo Vasco , Silva Artur , Carneiro Adriana R. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis
is the etiological agent of a caseous lymphadenitis disease. Herein, we present the first complete genome sequencing of
C. pseudotuberculosis
strain 226, isolated from an abscess of the sub-iliac lymph node of a goat from California (USA). The genome contains 2,138 coding sequences (CDSs), 12 rRNAs, 49 tRNAs, and 72 pseudogenes.
Draft Whole-Genome Sequences of
Escherichia fergusonii
Strains Isolated from Beef Trim (GTA-EF02), Ground Beef (GTA-EF03), and Chopped Kale (GTA-EF04)
Authors: Manninger Paul , Koziol Adam , Carrillo Catherine D. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Escherichia fergusonii
is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming member of the
Enterobacteriaceae
family and is a bacterium with both biotechnological applications and implication in human clinical disease. Here, we report the draft genome sequences of three isolates of
E. fergusonii
from beef trim (GTA-EF02), ground beef (GTA-EF03), and chopped kale (GTA-EF04).
Draft Genome Sequence of the Strict Anaerobe
Clostridium neopropionicum
X4 (DSM 3847
T
)
Authors: Beck Matthias H. , Poehlein Anja , Bengelsdorf Frank R. , Schiel-Bengelsdorf Bettina , Daniel Rolf , Dürre Peter 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Clostridium neopropionicum
X4 (DSM 3847
T
), a strictly anaerobic bacterium capable of fermenting ethanol and CO
2
to propionate, acetate, and propanol. The genome consists of a single chromosome (3.19 Mb).
Draft Genome Sequence of Biocontrol Agent
Pythium oligandrum
Strain Po37, an Oomycota
Authors: Berger Harald , Yacoub Amira , Gerbore Jonathan , Grizard Damien , Rey Patrice , Sessitsch Angela , Compant Stéphane 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

The oomycota
Pythium oligandrum
Po37 is used as a biocontrol agent of plant diseases. Here, we present the first draft of the
P. oligandrum
Po37 genome sequence, which comprises 725 scaffolds with a total length of 35.9 Mb and 11,695 predicted protein-coding genes.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
YH43
Authors: Iwase Tadayuki , Ogura Yoshitoshi , Hayashi Tetsuya , Mizunoe Yoshimitsu 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain YH43, isolated from sweet potato. The genome consists of a single circular chromosome of 5,520,319 bp in length. It carries 8 copies of rRNA operons, 86 tRNA genes, 5,154 protein-coding genes, and the
nif
gene cluster for nitrogen fixation.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Clostridium sporogenes
Strain UC9000 Isolated from Raw Milk
Authors: La Torre Angela , Bassi Daniela , Zotta Teresa , Orrù Luigi , Lamontanara Antonella , Cocconcelli Pier Sandro 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Clostridium sporogenes
is a causative agent of food spoilage and is often used as the nontoxigenic surrogate for
Clostridium botulinum
. Here, we described the draft genome sequence and annotation of
C. sporogenes
strain UC9000 isolated from raw milk.
Genome Sequences of Nine Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Isolates from South America
Authors: Fowler Veronica L. , King David J. , Howson Emma L. A. , Madi Mikidache , Pauszek Steven J. , Rodriguez Luis L. , Knowles Nick J. , Mioulet Valérie , King Donald P. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We report nine full-genome sequences of vesicular stomatitis virus obtained by Illumina next-generation sequencing of RNA, isolated from either cattle epithelial suspensions or cell culture supernatants. Seven of these viral genomes belonged to the New Jersey serotype/species (clade III), while two isolates belonged to the Indiana serotype/species.
Draft Genome Sequence of
Pseudomonas putida
BW11M1, a Banana Rhizosphere Isolate with a Diversified Antimicrobial Armamentarium
Authors: Ghequire Maarten G. K. , Swings Toon , Michiels Jan , Gross Harald , De Mot René 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

In this study, we report the draft genome of
Pseudomonas putida
BW11M1, a banana rhizosphere isolate producing various antimicrobial compounds, including a lectin-like bacteriocin, an R-type tailocin, the cyclic lipopeptide xantholysin, and the fatty acid–derived pseudopyronine.
Complete Genome Sequence of
Salmonella enterica
Serovar Typhimurium Strain YU15 (Sequence Type 19) Harboring the
Salmonella
Genomic Island 1 and Virulence Plasmid pSTV
Authors: Silva Claudia , Calva Edmundo , Puente José L. , Zaidi Mussaret B. , Vinuesa Pablo 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

The complete genome of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
serovar Typhimurium sequence type 19 (ST19) strain YU15, isolated in Yucatán, Mexico, from a human baby stool culture, was determined using PacBio technology. The chromosome contains five intact prophages and the
Salmonella
genomic island 1 (SGI1). This strain carries the
Salmonella
virulence plasmid pSTV.