bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of the Magnetic Braking Laws on the Evolution of Persistent and Transient Low-mass X-Ray Binaries
Authors: Yang Hao-Ran , Li Xiang-Dong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Swift J1858.6−0814 (hereafter J1858) is a transient neutron star (NS) low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB). There is controversy regarding its donor mass derived from observations and theoretical calculations. In this paper, we adopt seven magnetic braking (MB) prescriptions suggested in the literature and different metallicity Z to simulate the evolution of the LMXB. Our results show that, employing the MB model proposed by A. Reiners & S. Mohanty (“rm12”), the convection- and rotation-boosted (“carb”) model, and the intermediate (“inter”) and convection-boosted (“cboost”) models in K. X. Van et al. can match (part of) the observational parameters of J1858 well. We then apply our method to other observed LMXBs and find that the “rm12” and “inter” MB laws are most promising in explaining transient LMXBs. In comparison, the simulations with the “cboost” and “carb” MB laws are more inclined to reproduce persistent LMXBs and ultracompact X-ray binaries, respectively. Our results, though subject to computational and/or observational bias, show that it is challenging to find a unified MB law that applies to the NS LMXB subpopulations simultaneously, indicating our lack of understanding of the true MB law. In addition, we explore the influence of various MB laws on the magnitude of the bifurcation periods in LMXBs.
Evidence of a Forming Nucleus in the Fourcade–Figueroa Galaxy
Authors: Dottori H. , Díaz R. J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We analyze data from the IRAS, Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, and Planck satellites, revealing an unresolved dust condensation at the center of the Fourcade–Figueroa galaxy (ESO270-G017), which may correspond to a forming nucleus. We model the condensation’s continuum spectrum in the spectral range from 3 to 1300 μm using the DUSTY code. The best-fit model, based on the chi-square test, indicates that the condensation is a shell with an outer temperature of T
out ≈ 12 K and an inner boundary temperature of T
i ≈ 500 K. The shell’s outer radius is r

o
= 86.2 pc, and the inner cavity radius is r

i
= 0.082 pc. The condensation produces an extinction A

V
= 50 mag, and its luminosity is L

c
= 1.08 × 1034 W, which would correspond to a burst of massive star formation approximately similar to the central 5 pc of R 136 in the LMC and NGC 3603, the ionizing cluster of a giant Carina arm H ii region. The comparison with normal, luminous, and ultraluminous IR galaxies leads us to consider this obscured nucleus as the nearest and weakest object of this category.
An Extremely Active Repeating Fast Radio Burst Source in a Likely Nonmagneto-ionic Environment
Authors: Feng Yi , Li Di , Zhang Yong-Kun , Tsai Chao-Wei , Qu Yuanhong , Wang Wei-Yang , Yang Yuan-Pei , Wang Pei , Zhou Dengke , Niu Jiarui , Miao Chenchen , Yuan Mao , Xu Jiaying , Lynch Ryan S. , Armentrout William Paul , Gregory Brenne , Meng Lingqi , Wang Shen , Chen Xianglei , Dai Shi , Niu Chen-Hui , Xue Mengyao , Yao Ju-Mei , Zhang Bing , Zhang Junshuo , Zhu Weiwei , Xie Jintao , Zhu Yuhao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are bright radio bursts originating at cosmological distances. Only three repeating FRBs FRB 20121102A, FRB 20190520B, and FRB 20201124A among ∼60 known repeating FRBs have circular polarization. We observed the FRB 20220912A with the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) at L-band on 2022 October 24 and detected 128 bursts in 1.4 hr, corresponding to a burst rate of about 90 hr−1, which is the highest yet for FRBs observed by the GBT. The average rotation measure (RM) was −0.4 ± 0.3 rad m−2 with negligible intraday RM change, indicating a likely nonmagneto-ionic environment. A total of 61% of bursts have a linear polarization fraction greater than 90%. Approximately 56% of the bright bursts have circular polarization. A downward drift in frequency and polarization angle swings were found in our sample. The characterization of FRB 20220912A indicates that the circular polarization is unlikely to be caused by the magneto-ionic environment for at least some of the repeating FRB population.
An audit of the iron status of patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Grove Jurette S. , Khoza Siyabonga , Mabuza Dineo V. , Khan Shaida B. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Iron deficiency is a common disorder, especially in developing countries. Accurately assessing iron status remains challenging, particularly for patients with chronic diseases such as HIV and chronic kidney disease, prevalent in South Africa.Objective: This study aimed to determine how ferritin cut-offs affect iron status classification in adult patients treated at a tertiary hospital in South Africa. Additionally, it assessed the frequency of these conditions and the impact of age and gender on iron status.Methods: This retrospective study analysed iron profiles in adult patients from 01 October 2020 to 31 March 2021. Iron status was categorised into five groups: iron deficiency anaemia (IDA), anaemia of chronic disease, IDA with anaemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency without anaemia, and iron replete based on haemoglobin, transferrin saturation, and ferritin levels. The impact of using two different ferritin cut-off values (15 µg/L and 30 µg/L) was investigated.Results: The study included 3221 complete iron profiles. There was a predominance of female patients (2.2:1 ratio). Anaemia of chronic disease was the most prevalent iron disorder (39%), regardless of ferritin cut-off. Using a higher ferritin cut-off of 30 µg/L significantly increased the detection rates of both IDA and iron deficiency without anaemia (p 0.001).Conclusion: This study suggests that a higher ferritin threshold (30 µg/L) might improve diagnosis of iron disorders in settings with high inflammatory diseases. Further studies are needed to refine thresholds. Local guidelines should be adjusted to consider higher ferritin cut-offs, and longitudinal studies are recommended to evaluate long-term outcomes.What this study adds: This study confirms the use of higher ferritin cut-offs for enhanced detection of iron deficiency states. The findings also emphasise the ongoing need for establishing simple, standardised, and accurate methods for iron status classification.
Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Women under Treatment at a Tertiary Care Center of Western Maharashtra
Authors: Gadekar Tukaram J. , Kaushik Sushil K. , Gadekar Madhu , Bobdey Saurabh , Dharmesh  
Published: October 2024

Background:
‘Breast cancer’ the most common cancer amongst females in India. Having good Quality of life (QoL) among the patients undergoing treatment is one of the vital and significant factors for ensuring holistic approach to treatment and well-being of cancer patients. The present study was conducted to assess the QoL and its determinants among breast cancer patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary care institute in western Maharashtra.

Material and Methodology:
300 histopathologically confirmed breast cancer patients undergoing treatment at a tertiary care centre were divided into three groups to include 100 patients in each group. Group 1 (patients with duration of treatment 1 to 2 years) Group 2 (patients with duration of treatment 2 to 5 years) and Group 3 (more than 5 years). Validated tool Function Assessment of Cancer Therapy Breast specific (FACT-B) questionnaire was used to collect information on QoL and analysed using appropriate statistical tests.

Results:
Mean age of patients was 53.2 + 10.08 years, 136 (45.33%) were from age group 51 to 65 years. Majority of the patients 106 (35.33%) were educated till secondary schooling and 172 (57.33 %) were belonging to the middle-upper class. Lump in breast was most common presenting symptom in 235 (78.33%) cases followed by nipple retraction. 275 (91.67 %) cases had infiltrating ductal Carcinoma and 144 (48%) patents were in Stage II cancer. Over all mean FACT-B score for QoL was 104.02 + 18.65 out of 141. Mean FACT-B score for Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 was 88.18 +17.20, 105.89 + 11.78 and 118.28 + 12.45 respectively with (p< 0.05), suggests significant improvement in QoL with increase in time elapsed since treatment.

Conclusion:
Socio-demographic factors, type of surgery and duration of treatment had significant effect on QoL among breast cancer patients. Apropos physicians, paramedic staff and domestic care givers need to be sensitised on importance of QoL for collective and deliberate efforts to achieve holistic care. QoL can be made integral part of breast cancer treatment and management policy or programme.
Immunohistochemical Expression of HBME-1 in a Spectrum of Thyroid Neoplasms
Authors: Chawla Archi A. , Dhar Reeta , Sahu Shilpi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Thyroid neoplasms are the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, representing 3.8% of new cancer cases, and it is the ninth most common cancer overall. The immuno-histochemical marker Hector Battifora Mesotheilial-1 (HBME-1) is a monoclonal antibody that now finds its diagnostic utility as a positive marker for well-differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The aim was to study the expression of HBME-1 and to differentiate between malignant and non-malignant lesions by demonstrating their usefulness in the categorisation of thyroid neoplasms.

Methods:
A prospective study was conducted at a tertiary care centre from August 2022 to May 2023, comprising 25 cases. All thyroidectomy specimens were included. They were subjected to histopathological examination using routine haematoxylin and eosin stain, and further confirmation was made by immuno-histochemical staining for HBME-1.

Results:
There were a total of 25 cases consisting of 23 (92%) females and two (8%) males. The maximum number of cases was seen in the age group of 21–30 years (27%), followed by 31–40 years (24%) and 41–50 years (24%). The most common thyroid neoplasm noted was the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (40%) with HBME-1 being strongly positive for papillary thyroid carcinoma and its variants compared to other tumour sub-types, where it shows diffuse and focal expression.

Conclusion:
HBME-1, due to its high sensitivity, can be significantly used as a marker for identification and differentiation, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, using a panel of markers comprising Galectin-3 and Ck-19 along with HBME-1 increases the accuracy and specificity for the correct diagnosis of thyroid neoplasms.
Granulomatous panuveitis following prolonged silicone oil tamponade - A Clinicopathological study
Authors: Mohapatra Ayushi , Biswas Jyotirmay 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT
An enucleated specimen of a silicone oil-filled globe, showing migration of oil globules into the intraretinal, choroidal, and ciliary body areas, surrounded by multinucleated giant cells suggestive of panuveitis on histopathological evaluation, was reported.
Seroprevalence and hematological profile of dengue among healthy inhabitants of Mayo Kebbi province: South of Tchad
Authors: Djibrine Mahamat Baharadine , Ngum Ngum Lesley , Maurice Boda , Chedjou Jean Paul Kengne , Netongo Palmer Masumbe 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:
Dengue is one of the most serious and rapidly spreading major mosquito borne diseases in the world. Despite many acute febrile illnesses in Tchad, the burden of illness due to dengue in the country is largely unknown. Hence, the present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of dengue viral (DENV) infection and its association with hematological parameters.

Method:
A cross sectional study was carried out in Bongor Provincial Hospital. Blood samples were collected from each participant and were used to determine the hematological profile and to diagnose the presence of DENV infection. A total of 130 participants were enrolled in the study. Among these, 114 (87.7%) were diagnosed positive for DENV infection.

Results:
The majority of the positive cases were of the age group 21 to 40 years old. Leukocytosis was the most common hematological parameter affecting 120 (92.3%) of them followed by anemia and thrombocytopenia affecting 69 (53.1%) and 16 (12.3%) of them, respectively, and then lymphocytosis affecting 5 (3.8%) of them. No case of leukopenia was recorded.

Discussion:
The seroprevalence rate among participants suggests that the dengue virus is in circulation in Mayo Kebbi province: south of Tchad. The abnormal hematological parameters may contribute to the severity of the infection like the incidence of bleeding in the case of thrombocytopenia.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 mortality in Saudi Arabia: A retrospective multi-center study
Authors: Mahmoud Mahmoud A. , Altaluoni Alaa Anwar , Alshargi Abdulrahman Abdullah , Al-Zalabani Abdulmohsen H. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background/Aim:
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) increased morbidity and mortality in health institutions worldwide. The present study describes the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 mortality rates. Investigating the factors that affect COVID-19 mortality will be helpful in reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality in healthcare systems.

Materials and Methods:
The current retrospective observational study was carried out in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. COVID-19 cases resulting in death were admitted to hospitals from March 2020 to June 2020. The epidemiological and clinical characteristics of these cases of COVID-19-related death were collected and evaluated.

Results:
A total of 3260 COVID-19 death cases were included. The mean age of the subjects was 55 years. COVID-19 deaths more frequently in patients aged 50–59 years, 60–69 years, and 40–49 years (26%, 22%, and 17%, respectively). A greater percentage of COVID-19-related deaths (47%) was observed in June than in March (>1%), April (15%), and May (37%). Men accounted for most death cases (76%) compared to women. The COVID-19 mortality rate was higher among non-Saudi (71%) than Saudis (29%). The highest COVID-19 mortality was observed in Tabuk Region, whereas the lowest was observed in Najran. The mean stay duration of COVID-19 cases in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 11 days. The independent t-test indicated a statistically significant increase in the life expectancy (6 days) of ICU cases compared to non-ICU cases.

Conclusion:
The findings suggest that older age, male gender, and non-Saudi are risk factors that enhance COVID-19 mortality rates, while medical care increases the life expectancy of COVID-19 cases.
First-aid knowledge and practices towards patients with epileptic seizures among the dental students in Saudi Arabia – A cross-sectional study
Authors: Al-Qahtani Zainah , Mahmood Syed Esam , Alshahrani Mariam S. , Alosaimi Maram N. , Bakri Khulud Ali A. , Alqarni Shahd Mohammed , Alshehri Ebtihaj , Alqarni Amal Merei M. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Dental care of patients with epilepsy and seizures must be performed by dentists who are familiar with these disorders. Improper training and incapability to manage medical emergencies, including epileptic seizures, may cause thoughtful consequences and legal actions. Therefore, dental students must have a proper knowledge of the disease and its consequences. They should have the ability to provide first-aid measures helping a patient experiencing an epileptic seizure in their clinics. This study aims to evaluate the first-aid knowledge and practices towards patients with epileptic seizures among the dental students in Saudi Arabia.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted targeting dental students in Saudi Arabia from 15 September 2022 to 15 December 2022 using convenience sampling. An online questionnaire was sent to the students via social media platforms for data collection. The data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0.

Results:
Of the 499 dental students included, 154 (30.86%) students had ever seen an epileptic patient in the clinics. About 16% of students did not know about performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on patients. The majority (66.5%) would call the ambulance after the patient’s seizure stops. About 82% of students prefer to call an ambulance if the patients face difficulty breathing or waking up after the seizure. More than 60% of students were taking precautions before treating an epilepsy patient. About 58.5% of the students were using local anaesthesia for an epilepsy patient. Nearly 41.9% do not have the confidence to treat an epilepsy patient. About 28.0% would swipe the vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) magnet over the left side of the chest. Of 154 students, who had ever seen epileptic patients, the majority (68.8%) refused to treat patients if they observe noncompliance with medication and follow-up among the patients who had any recent illness or seizures (16.2%).

Conclusion:
The undergraduate dental students had an intermediate knowledge regarding epilepsy and epileptic seizure first aid. However, some students lacked the confidence to deal with the epileptic cases in their clinics. Educational campaigns on epilepsy and first-aid courses targeting dental students are highly recommended.
Dietary practices of children and adolescents residing in an area of Chakdaha Block, Nadia district, West Bengal
Authors: Ghosh Sonali , Das Semanti , Palepu Sarika , Ahamed Farhad 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:
Childhood and adolescence are crucial developmental stages during the life course. They develop and establish lifelong dietary and lifestyle habits. Unhealthy food environments that influence the risk of obesity and other nutrition-related NCDs by affecting the dietary patterns. Assessment of dietary patterns and factors affecting them will help to provide targeted interventions to improve the same.

Methods:
A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among children aged more than 6 months and adolescents by interviewing their mothers regarding the dietary patterns. A two-stage sampling method was followed for selection of the participants.

Results:
A total of 325 participants were interviewed. Dietary diversity (DD) was present in 55.4% of the participants. Children of mothers who were educated beyond middle school (aOR = 3.81 (1.87-7.73), P = 0.000) and children who stayed in a joint family (aOR = 1.73 (1.11-2.72) P < 0.05) had higher odds of having dietary diversity in their diet, after adjusting for age and sex. Fast food shop location (aOR = 0.14 (0.05-0.38), P value = 0.000) was found to have a significant association with fast food intake among participants.

Conclusion:
Children and adolescents residing in the study area have a distinct dietary pattern compared to prevalent dietary practices in India. To improve dietary diversity of children and adolescents, maternal education, family dynamics, and community food environment, which include fast food and market locations, can be points of targeted interventions
The prevalence of depression among patients with diabetic foot ulcers at King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Aljamili Alaa , Alyousif Lina , Barhoush Mazen , Almasoud Reema 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Background and Aim:
The prevalence rates of depression and anxiety among diabetic patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) vary from one study to the other. We aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and the associated risk factors among patients with DFU.

Methods:
We conducted a cross-sectional study using a self-reported questionnaire on adult patients aged 18 years old and above with DFU at our institution. We used the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire to evaluate the presence of depressive symptoms.

Results:
A total of 75 patients, 56 (74.7%) males and 19 (25.3%) females, participated in the study; 33 (44.0%) were more than 60 years old. The prevalence of moderate to severe depression among our patients was 35 (46.7%). Patients who had DFU for more than 1 year had a higher proportion of moderate to severe depression (P = 0.032). There were no significant differences in the proportion of patients who had depression according to age groups (P = 0.456), gender (P = 0.095), level of education (P = 0.145), employment (P = 0.514), type of diabetes (P = 0.561), duration of diabetes (P = 0.704), level of HbA1c (P = 0.525), smoking history (P = 0.163), and previous history of DFU (P = 0.713). Logistic regression analysis showed that patients who had DFU for more than 1 year were three times more at risk to have moderate to severe depression (P = 0.049).

Conclusion:
Patients with DFU have a high frequency of moderate to severe depression regardless of age, gender, or other sociodemographic characteristics, with patients with long-standing DFU having triple the risk of depression as those with freshly diagnosed DFU. Diabetic persons should be thoroughly assessed to reduce the diabetes result, and preventative actions and patient education about DFU are crucial.
Determinants of teenage pregnancy and knowledge about contraception, sexually transmitted diseases among pregnant women: A case-control study in Eastern India
Authors: Priyadharshani A , Sahoo Bimal Kumar , Mishra Abhisek , Singh Arvind Kumar , Parida Swayam Pragyan , Panda Ashutosh 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT

Context:
Each year, about 21 million girls aged 15–19 in developing regions experience pregnancy, posing significant challenges for their health, well-being, and economic stability due to its vast impact.

Aim:
To identify the risk factors contributing to teenage pregnancy as compared to Pregnancy in pregnant women in the rural area of the Khordha district with the assessment of their knowledge and, health-seeking behaviour (Contraception and STDs) among teenage and adult pregnant women in the study area.

Settings and Design:
Hospital-based case-control study conducted at Bhubaneswar’s Community Health Centre.

Material and Methods:
The study, conducted from April to July 2022, recruited 138 participants using consecutive sampling and interviewed them using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire.

Statistical Analysis:
Chi-square and logistic regression assessed association and strength.

Results:
Factors contributing to teenage pregnancy include education below high school (AOR = 2.46; 95%CI 0.89–6.79), SC and ST caste (AOR = 2.34; 95%CI 0.94–5.82), having more than three siblings (AOR = 4.45; 95%CI 1.53–12.96), and lack of communication about sexual issues (AOR = 2.84; 95%CI 1.25–6.39). Awareness of contraceptive methods was 34.8% among cases and 56.5% among controls (p = 0.02). Regarding STD awareness and symptoms, 15.2% of cases and 42.4% of controls were knowledgeable and experienced symptoms (p < 0.01).

Conclusions:
This study suggests that factors such as lower education, minority caste, having more than three siblings, and lack of communication about sexual issues contribute to early pregnancy. These findings could enhance existing ARSH platforms by integrating regular engagement and sensitization efforts.