bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inefficient DMN Suppression in Schizophrenia Patients with Impaired Cognitive Function but not Patients with Preserved Cognitive Function
Authors: Zhou Li , Pu Weidan , Wang Jingjuan , Liu Haihong , Wu Guowei , Liu Chang , Mwansisya Tumbwene E. , Tao Haojuan , Chen Xudong , Huang Xiaojun , Lv Dongsheng , Xue Zhimin , Shan Baoci , Liu Zhening 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPrevious studies have observed reduced suppression of the default mode network (DMN) during cognitive tasks in schizophrenia, suggesting inefficient DMN suppression is critical for the cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. Cognitive function in schizophrenia patients, however, varies from relatively intact to severely impaired. This study, which compared the DMN suppression patterns between first-episode schizophrenia patients with (SZ-Imp) and without (SZ-Pre) impaired cognitive function, may provide further insight into the role of DMN dysfunction in cognitive deficits of schizophrenia. Independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to resting-state fMRI data to identify the DMN in each subject, and then general linear modeling based on the task-fMRI data was used to examine the different DMN activation patterns between groups. We observed that the SZ-Imp group, but not the SZ-Pre group, showed reduced suppression in the medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulated cortex when compared to the healthy controls (HC) group. Moreover, less DMN suppression was associated with poorer task performance in both HC and patient groups. Our findings provide the first direct evidence that disrupted DMN activity only exists in schizophrenia patients with impaired cognitive function, supporting the specific neuro-pathological role of inefficient DMN suppression in cognitive deficits of first-episode schizophrenia.
Cooperative communications for sleep monitoring in wireless body area networks
Authors: Shimly S.M. , Movassaghi S. , Smith D.B. 
Published: February 2016

The performance of cooperative receive diversity is investigated, for the wireless body area network (WBAN) radio channel, compliant with the IEEE 802.15.6 Standard, in the case of monitoring a sleeping person. Extensive WBAN measurements near the 2.4 GHz ISM band were used. Up to 7 dB and 20% improvement for two‐hop communications with the use of relays are empirically demonstrated with respect to outage probability and outage duration, with the 3‐branch cooperative selection combining and the 3‐branch cooperative switch‐and‐examine combining.
Wideband balun‐LNA exploiting noise cancellation and compensation technique
Authors: Liu Lanqi , Lu Zhaojing , Zhang Kefeng , Ren Zhixiong , Hu Ang , Zou Xuecheng 
Published: February 2016

A wideband single‐ended input, differential output balun‐LNA is proposed for multi‐standard wireless applications between 10 MHz and 3 GHz. The common‐gate (CG) input stage in combination with a noise cancellation topology is adopted for wideband input matching and low‐noise figure. An output stage with gm″ compensation technique is utilised to promote the limited gain of the CG input stage, and obtain an optimised linearity performance. Realised in TSMC 180 nm RF CMOS process, the LNA provides a gain of 19.7 dB, a maximum input third‐order interception point of 1.13 dBm, and a minimum NF AQ1 of 1.93 dB over a 3 dB bandwidth from 10 MHz to 1.7 GHz. Meanwhile, the proposed LNA shows good measured performance over the frequency band of 1.7–3 GHz.
Small‐sized metallic and transparent film resonators for MR‐WPT system
Authors: Lee H. , Kang S. , Kim Y. , Jung C. 
Published: February 2016

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems have been studied with various system configurations; among them, four‐coil WPT is the conventional form in indirect‐fed magnetic resonance WPT (MR‐WPT). Small coil and transparent electrode coil made of multilayered IZTO/Ag/IZTO is designed. The planar loops and spiral coils were placed on the top and bottom of an acrylic substrate. The electrode was deposed indium–zinc–tin oxide‐silver‐indium–zinc–tin oxide (IZTO/Ag/IZTO) as a multilayer film structure. Loops were fabricated and optimised using capacitors. The coil was fabricated using a copper sheet and transparent electrode. The efficiency according to the transfer distance from 1 to 5 cm is measured. The optimised efficiency of the MR‐WPT with capacitance was 81% using a copper coil and 57% using a transparent coil (IZTO/Ag/IZTO) at a transfer distance of 1 cm.
Cross‐polarisation modulation‐based ultrahigh contrast operation of a Fabry–Pérot all‐optical AND gate
Authors: Graiti S.A. Al , Maywar D.N. 
Published: February 2016

A 31.2 dB‐contrast optical AND gate based on a Fabry–Pérot semiconductor optical amplifier is experimentally demonstrated, exceeding previously demonstrated data for such a device by over 24 dB. Whereas cross‐phase modulation shifts the Fabry–Pérot resonance to trigger the AND‐gate functionality, cross‐polarisation modulation enables ultrahigh contrast by producing a state of polarisation (SOP) for the high output‐power state that is different than that of the low output‐power state; a linear polariser is then used to block the low‐power SOP. This technique is applicable to other resonator geometries, Kerr‐nonlinear media, and to other all‐optical combinational‐logic gates.
Resonant control system for low‐voltage ride‐through in wind energy conversion systems
Authors: Cárdenas Roberto , Díaz Matías , Rojas Félix , Clare Jon , Wheeler Pat 
Published: February 2016

Owing to the high penetration of electrical energy from wind energy conversion systems (WECSs), some countries are enforcing stringent grid codes to regulate low‐voltage‐ride‐through (LVRT) operation of WECSs. This study presents a self‐tuning resonant control (RC) system which can be used for LVRT control of the grid interface in the presence of symmetrical or asymmetrical faults. Only two RCs are required to fully control the four degrees of freedom of the converter output current. Sequence component separation is achieved using a new fast‐convergence delayed signal cancellation method which is also discussed in this work. The mathematical analysis and design procedure of the control system are presented. Simulation and experimental results obtained from a 3 kW prototype are discussed in this study.
The effect of rights-based fisheries management on risk taking and fishing safety
Authors: Pfeiffer Lisa , Gratz Trevor 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Commercial fishing is a dangerous occupation despite decades of regulatory initiatives aimed at making it safer. We posit that the individual allocation of fishing quota can improve safety by solving many of the problems associated with the competitive race to fish, which manifest themselves in risky behavior such as fishing in poor weather. We present a previously unidentified approach to evaluation: estimating the change in the propensity to start a fishing trip in poor weather conditions as a result of the management change. We chronicle a revolution in risk-taking behavior by fishermen (a 79% decrease in the annual average rate of fishing on high wind days) that is due to the change in economic incentives provided by rights-based management.
Atoms of recognition in human and computer vision
Authors: Ullman Shimon , Assif Liav , Fetaya Ethan , Harari Daniel 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Discovering the visual features and representations used by the brain to recognize objects is a central problem in the study of vision. Recent successes in computational models of visual recognition naturally raise the question: Do computer systems and the human brain use similar or different computations? We show by combining a novel method (minimal images) and simulations that the human recognition system uses features and learning processes, which are critical for recognition, but are not used by current models. The study uses a “phase transition” phenomenon in minimal images, in which minor changes to the image have a drastic effect on its recognition. The results show fundamental limitations of current approaches and suggest directions to produce more realistic and better-performing models.
CnaA domains in bacterial pili are efficient dissipaters of large mechanical shocks
Authors: Echelman Daniel J. , Alegre-Cebollada Jorge , Badilla Carmen L. , Chang Chungyu , Ton-That Hung , Fernández Julio M. 
Published: February 2016

Significance
Bacteria colonizing the oropharynx must adhere despite mechanical challenges from coughing, sneezing, and chewing; however, little is known about how Gram-positive organisms achieve this feat. We studied the pilus adhesive proteins from two Gram-positive organisms and report a conserved mechanism for dissipating the energy of a mechanical perturbation. The two proteins are stable up to forces of 525 pN and 690 pN, respectively, making these proteins the most mechanically stable proteins known. After a perturbation, the proteins refold rapidly at low force, resulting in a large hysteresis with most of the unfolding energy lost as heat. The work presents an initial model whereby transient unfolding at forces of 500–700 pN dissipates mechanical energy and protects covalent bonds from cleavage.
The Hidden Cost of Personal Quantification
Authors: Etkin Jordan 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
From sleep and energy use to exercise and health, consumers have access to more information about their behavior than ever before. The appeal of personal quantification seems clear. By better understanding our behavior, we can make the necessary changes to live happier, healthier lives. But might the new tools people are using—quantifying life— rob them of some of the benefits of engaging in those activities? Six experiments demonstrate that while measurement increases how much of an activity people do (e.g., walk or read more), it can simultaneously reduce how much people enjoy those activities. This occurs because measurement can undermine intrinsic motivation. By drawing attention to output, measurement can make enjoyable activities feel more like work, which reduces their enjoyment. As a result, measurement can decrease continued engagement in the activity and subjective well-being. Even in the absence of explicit external incentives, measurement itself can thus have similar effects. The findings have implications for measurement’s use, as well as for the psychology of external incentives and intrinsic motivation.
A Meta-Analysis of the Association Between Radiation Therapy and Survival for Surgically Resected Soft-Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Qu Xuanlu , Lubitz Carrie C. , Rickard Jennifer , Bergeron Stephane G. , Wasif Nabil 
Published: February 2016

Objectives:
Radiotherapy for soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) has been shown to reduce local recurrence, but without clear improvement in survival. We conducted a meta-analysis to study the association between radiotherapy and survival in patients undergoing surgery for STS.

Methods:
A systematic review was conducted from PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Our population of interest consisted of adults with primary extremity, chest wall, trunk, or back STS. Our metameters were either an odds or hazard ratio for mortality. A bias score was generated for each study based on margin status and grade.

Results:
Of 1044 studies, 30 met inclusion criteria for final analysis. The pooled odds ratio in patients receiving radiation was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.78-1.14). The pooled estimate of the hazards ratio in patients receiving radiation was 0.87 (95% CI, 0.73-1.03) overall and 0.65 (95% CI, 0.52-0.82) for studies judged to be at low risk of bias. Significant publication bias was not seen.

Conclusions:
High-quality studies reporting adjusted hazard ratios are associated with improved survival in patients receiving radiotherapy for STS. Studies in which odds ratios are calculated from event data and those that do not report adjusted outcomes do not show the same association, likely due to confounding by indication.
Cold-Associated Perniosis of the Thighs (“Equestrian-Type” Chilblain): A Reappraisal Based on a Clinicopathologic and Immunohistochemical Study of 6 Cases
Authors: Ferrara Gerardo , Cerroni Lorenzo 
Published: February 2016

Abstract:
Cold-associated perniosis of the thighs (“equestrian cold panniculitis”) is an unusual and still enigmatic entity. The authors retrieved 6 cases for a re-evaluation of their clinicopathologic features and for an immunohistochemical assessment with antibodies anti-CD3, anti-CD20, and anti-CD123. All patients were women, aged 17–45 years. One of them had elevated antinuclear antibody titers. Available anamnestic data confirmed the triggering role of prolonged/intermittent exposure to cold (not necessarily for equestrian activities). The lesions affected the thighs, with a preferential, although not exclusive involvement of the upper lateral surface. The histopathological pattern was perivascular, superficial, and deep, extending toward the superficial fat lobules, with lymphocytic vasculitis and mucin deposition; clumps of CD123+ cells were found in 4 of 6 cases. Cold-associated perniosis of the thighs cannot be considered as a panniculitis. The histopathological features considerably overlap with perniosis at other sites of the body and with chilblain lupus erythematosus.
Blunt Blade Subcision: An Evolution in the Treatment of Atrophic Acne Scars
Authors: Barikbin Behrooz , Akbari Zahra , Yousefi Maryam , Dowlati Yahya 
Published: February 2016

BACKGROUND
Subcision is the mainstay of atrophic acne scar treatment but the efficacy and safety of the procedure is controversial.

OBJECTIVE
To improve the efficacy of the subcision procedure, a blunt subcision blade was designed and evaluated.

METHODS
Eighteen patients with bilateral atrophic acne scars considered eligible for subcision were enrolled. Before subcision, a tumescent solution was injected subdermally to anesthetize the treatment area and aid the dissection of the dermal-subcutaneous tissue. Patients underwent treatment using the blunt subcision blade, a long metal blade with gradually narrowing edges, and a rounded blunt tip. Early postoperative complications, overall aesthetic improvement and persistent discoloration, or lumpiness were assessed 7 days after subcision and at a 6-month follow-up visit.

RESULTS
Moderate to marked improvement of atrophic scars was observed in 15 cases (83.3%). Mild to moderate tenderness, periorbital ecchymoses, and swelling were reported by some patients, but resolved completely within 1 week after the procedure. No cases of persistent discoloration or lumpiness were observed at the final visit.

CONCLUSION
The blunt blade subcision procedure is suggested as an effective method for the treatment of atrophic acne scars.
Local Free-Style Perforator Flaps in Head and Neck Reconstruction: An Update and a Useful Classification
Authors: Kokkoli Effrosyni , Shih Hsiang-Shun , Spyropoulou Georgia-Alexandra , Jeng Seng-Feng 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Any standard skin flap of the body including a detectable or identified perforator at its axis can be safely designed and harvested in a free-style fashion.

Methods:
Fifty-six local free-style perforator flaps in the head and neck region, 33 primary and 23 recycle flaps, were performed in 53 patients. The authors introduced the term “recycle” to describe a perforator flap harvested within the borders of a previously transferred flap. A Doppler device was routinely used preoperatively for locating perforators in the area adjacent to a given defect. The final flap design and degree of mobilization were decided intraoperatively, depending on the location of the most suitable perforator and the ability to achieve primary closure of the donor site. Based on clinical experience, the authors suggest a useful classification of local free-style perforator flaps.

Results:
All primary and 20 of 23 recycle free-style perforator flaps survived completely, providing tension-free coverage and a pleasing final contour for patients. In the remaining three recycle cases, the skeletonization of the pedicle resulted in pedicle damage, because of surrounding postradiotherapy scarring and flap failure. All donor sites except one were closed primarily, and all of them healed without any complications.

Conclusions:
The free-style concept has significantly increased the potential and versatility of the standard local and recycled head and neck flap alternatives for moderate to large defects, providing a more robust, custom-made, tissue-sparing, and cosmetically superior outcome in a one-stage procedure, with minimal donor-site morbidity.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, V.
A Comparison of the Full and Short-Scar Face-Lift Incision Techniques in Multiple Sets of Identical Twins
Authors: Antell Darrick E. , May Jessica M. , Bonnano Matthew J. , Lee Norman Y. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Choosing the ideal face-lift technique for a patient presents an added challenge for the plastic surgeon. With the multitude of well-established variations of this procedure, it would be beneficial to define which facioplasty technique produces the optimal result. By comparing the postoperative results from two of the most popularized face-lift incision techniques in monozygotic twins, it is hypothesized that the “best” technique may be determined.

Methods:
Four sets of identical twins and one set of identical triplets underwent face-lift surgery performed by the senior author (D.E.A.). Incision technique selection was randomized, with the first-born twin undergoing the full-incision operation. Short- and long-term postoperative photographs were taken at approximately 1 and 5 years and subsequently graded by eight board-certified plastic surgeons with over 100 years of combined experience.

Results:
Data obtained from this study suggest that no difference between these incisions exists at the shorter term follow-up. However, analysis of the long-term follow-up revealed a significant difference between the average scores assigned to the neck region, with the full-incision technique receiving a higher score.

Conclusions:
These findings suggest that at the short-term follow-up, both the short-scar and full-incision techniques yield comparable results. However, at the longer term follow-up, a significant difference appears between the two procedures exclusively in the neck region. Although a shorter incision is appealing to the patient and surgeon, this study suggests that the full incision may offer a superior long-term result in the neck.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, II.
Helicobacter pylori vacA virulence factor in uncultured Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato from an infected child
Authors: Hernández Caroll , Serrano Carolina A. , Villagrán Andrea , Torres Javiera , Venegas Alejandro , Harris Paul R. 
Published: February 2016

Introduction:

Helicobacter spp. colonizing the human stomach other than Helicobacter pylori have been rarely described in children.

Case Presentation:
We identified an uncultured Helicobacter heilmannii sensu lato by histology and PCR in biopsies from a symptomatic child. Surprisingly, the PCR assay demonstrated the presence of the vacA gene in this uncultured H. heilmannii sensu lato and its sequence related highly to H. pylori vacA virulence factor. The analysis of the 16S ribosomal sequence showed higher identity with uncultured Helicobacter spp. and the H. heilmannii strain, respectively.

Conclusion:
This is the first report that shows the presence of vacA in an uncultured H. heilmannii sensu lato extracted from human gastric mucosa.
Effect of Cast Modification on Linear Dimensional Change of Acrylic Tooth Position Following Maxillary Complete Denture Processing
Authors: Sayed Mohammed E. , Swaid Salma M. , Porwal Amit 
Published: February 2016

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effect of different cast modifications on the vertical and horizontal tooth position following maxillary complete denture processing.Materials and MethodsA total of 60 maxillary master casts were prepared and arranged in six groups (n = 10). Variation in modifications between study groups 1 through 6 were as follows: no modification, butterfly post palatal seal preparation only, butterfly post palatal seal preparation with 10 mm wide/4 mm deep box, butterfly post palatal seal preparation with 10 mm wide/4 mm deep box and four round holes, butterfly post palatal seal preparation with 20 mm wide/4 mm deep box, butterfly post dam preparation with 20 mm wide/4 mm deep box and four round holes, respectively. The boxes in the respective groups were prepared on the mid‐heel area of the cast. The first group was included in the study as control. The initial master cast was indexed to standardize the measurement technique on all specimens before duplication. Maxillary denture tooth set‐up was completed and indexed using laboratory putty to ensure a similar set‐up on all specimens. Vertical and horizontal tooth positions were measured for the maxillary left central incisor, right and left first molars in waxed complete dentures, and following processing. The measurements were done using a digital vernier caliper with manufacturing accuracy of up to 0.01 mm. The study data were entered in a Microsoft Excel Spreadsheet. Statistical analysis was done using a paired Student t‐test, ANOVA, and Tukey post hoc test set at 5% level of significance.ResultsThe paired t‐test (within groups) showed significant change in all linear tooth positions for groups 1 and 2. Groups 3 through 6 had significant change in vertical dimension only. One‐way ANOVA indicated that no significant difference was seen in the vertical tooth movements between the groups; however, statistically significant reduction was seen in the horizontal tooth movements at the maxillary left central incisor, right and left first molars for groups 3 through 6 when compared to others without significant difference between them.ConclusionsWithin the limitations of the study, it was concluded that the movement of the teeth horizontally could be reduced with master cast modification (box alone or box and round holes) whereas the vertical movement of the teeth was not affected by the cast modifications made across all groups.
Phenotypically Adapted Mycobacterium tuberculosis Populations from Sputum Are Tolerant to First-Line Drugs
Authors: Turapov Obolbek , O'Connor Benjamin D. , Sarybaeva Asel A. , Williams Caroline , Patel Hemu , Kadyrov Abdullaat S. , Sarybaev Akpay S. , Woltmann Gerrit , Barer Michael R. , Mukamolova Galina V. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Tuberculous sputum contains multiple
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
populations with different requirements for isolation
in vitro
. These include cells that form colonies on solid media (plateable
M. tuberculosis
), cells requiring standard liquid medium for growth (nonplateable
M. tuberculosis
), and cells requiring supplementation of liquid medium with culture supernatant (SN) for growth (SN-dependent
M. tuberculosis
). Here, we describe protocols for the cryopreservation and direct assessment of antimicrobial tolerance of these
M. tuberculosis
populations within sputum. Our results show that first-line drugs achieved only modest bactericidal effects on all three populations over 7 days (1 to 2.5 log
10
reductions), and SN-dependent
M. tuberculosis
was more tolerant to streptomycin and isoniazid than the plateable and nonplateable
M. tuberculosis
strains. Susceptibility of plateable
M. tuberculosis
to bactericidal drugs was significantly increased after passage
in vitro
; thus, tolerance observed in the sputum samples from the population groups was likely associated with mycobacterial adaptation to the host environment at some time prior to expectoration. Our findings support the use of a simple
ex vivo
system for testing drug efficacies against mycobacteria that have phenotypically adapted during tuberculosis infection.