bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Medical/Behavioral Support Needs on the Supports Needed by Adolescents With Intellectual Disability to Participate in Community Life
Authors: Seo Hyojeong , Shogren Karrie A. , Wehmeyer Michael L. , Little Todd D. , Palmer Susan B. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
As adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) transition to adulthood, there is a need to plan for effective community-based supports that address the post-school life. There is also a need to plan for the impact of factors (e.g., medical/behavioral support needs) on supports needed for community participation. Data from the Supports Intensity Scale—Adult Version (SIS—A) was used to examine relations between medical/behavior support needs and support needs assessed in the standardized portion of the SIS—A. Results suggested that the presence of medical/behavioral needs had a strong impact on supports needed to participate in the community activities, and that more intensive medical support needs were related to higher support needs in the Home Living, Community Living, and Health and Safety domains.
Reagan’s Strategy for the Cold War and the Evil Empire Address
Authors: Rowland Robert C. , Jones John M. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This essay examines Ronald Reagan’s 1983 speech to the National Association of Evangelicals, along with speeches and foundational documents leading up to the address. We argue that Reagan utilized a rhetorical approach consistent with what Martin and Annelise Anderson have termed a “grand strategy” for winning the Cold War. This “strategy” consisted of three components. First, Reagan labeled the Soviet system evil and a failure. Second, Reagan argued that the path to victory required an arms buildup that would leave the Soviets with no choice but to negotiate arms reduction. Finally, Reagan’s rhetoric contained a defense of liberal democracy and the prediction that such a system eventually would triumph over Soviet communism.
Democracy in Decline, as Chaos, and as Hope; or, U.S.–China Relations and Political Style in an Age of Unraveling
Authors: Hartnett Stephen John 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
To address U.S.–China communication patterns, this essay juxtaposes discourses of democracy in decline (now prevalent in the United States), democracy as chaos (the chief claim of the Chinese Communist Party), and democracy as hope (embodied in the Umbrella Revolution in Hong Kong). To illustrate the rhetorical dynamics of these three positions, the essay analyzes coverage of the Hong Kong protests, Secretary of Defense Chuck Hagel’s bravura 2014 defense of U.S. imperialism, and the CCP’s blistering responses to both Hagel and the Hong Kong protests. These U.S.–China debates about democracy as decline, chaos, and hope are then situated within global conversations about the merits of democracy and stability in the wake of the Arab Spring uprisings and ongoing concerns about the course of globalization. Ultimately, the essay argues for a new political style of prudent internationalism scrubbed free of both U.S.-style moralizing and Chinese-style absolutism.
Czerwiec 1956 wiosną 1981. Poznań 1956 (1981) Tadeusza Litowczenki i Mirosława Kwiecińskiego
Authors: Jazdon Mikołaj 
Published: March 2017

The article presents the making of the first documentary film depicting the traumatic events of the anticommunist uprising in Poznań in June 1956 as well as the difficult fate of the documentary after it had been completed. Its authors, Tadeusz Litowczenko and Mirosław Kwieciński, composed their Poznań 1956 (1981) of two interwoven narrative lines. Archive photographs with off screen commentary make the first narrative line while cinema-verite-like interviews with the participants of historical events make the other. The film analysis is aimed to underline the formal means employed in the film to present the opposing sites of the conflict. It also focuses on the historical context from the times when film was being made in the so called ‘festival of Solidarity movement’ in the early 1980s.
Application of screen-printed carbon electrode modified with lead in stripping analysis of Cd(II)
Authors: Tyszczuk-Rotko Katarzyna , Domańska Katarzyna , Vytřas Karel , Metelka Radovan , Nosal-Wiercińska Agnieszka , Sýs Milan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractIn the work presented, a lead film electrode was prepared in situ on a screen-printed carbon support using a reversibly deposited mediator (Zn) and applied to the determination of Cd(II) by anodic stripping voltammetry. The electrochemical method for lead film formation is based on a co-deposition of a metal of interest (Pb), with a reversibly deposited zinc mediator, followed by oxidation of zinc, with additional deposition of lead at the appropriate potential. It serves to increase the density of lead particles, promoting lead film growth, and consequently helps to improve the electrochemical properties of the electrode. This was confirmed by microscopic and voltammetric studies. The obtained detection limit of Cd(II) is equal to 6.6 × 10−9mol L−1(−1.6 V for 180 s and then −0.95 V for 5 s). The presented procedure was successfully applied to cadmium determination in Bystrzyca River water samples.
Specialised Sweetpotato Vine Multiplication in Lake Zone, Tanzania: What “Sticks” and What Changes?
Authors: McEwan Margaret A. , Lusheshanija Dorothy , Shikuku Kelvin, M. , Sindi Kirimi 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
In Lake Zone, Tanzania, farmers were trained to multiply and distribute quality sweetpotato planting material. The objectives of this study were to assess changes in skills and practices among the trained farmers as vine multiplication became a specialized task. Nine months after the project ended, all 88 decentralized vine multipliers (DVMs) operating as groups (72%) or individuals (28%) were visited and qualitative data on their current multiplication practices collected through a questionnaire, checklists and observations. Results showed that 69% of DVMs were still multiplying vines, but less than half were using the seed production technologies promoted by the project. 34% used rapid multiplication beds; 61% used conventional plant spacing on ridges for roots and vines and 5% used both. As the vine multiplication cycle became a specialised activity, the multiplication and root production cycles were separated. Vines were treated differently in terms of site selection, length of cutting and spacing, depending on whether the objective of their use was for high root or high vine production. Capacity building of specialised vine multipliers and scaling-up seed interventions should consider the implications of skilling and task segregation in a broader context based on society’s choice of technologies and agrarian change.
Bias and Size Effects of Price-Comparison Platforms: Theory and Experimental Evidence
Authors: García-Gallego Aurora , Georgantzís Nikolaos , Pereira Pedro , Pernías-Cerrillo José C. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractWe analyze the impact on consumer prices of some information characteristics of price-comparison search platforms. An equilibrium model where vendors compete in prices and consumers do not observe prices, but can obtain price information through a search platform, is developed. The model generates several predictions about the impact on the price distribution of: (i) the size of the search platform’s sample, (ii) whether the search platform’s sample is random, and (iii) the number of vendors in the market. The model’s predictions are tested experimentally. The results confirm the predictions about (ii) and (iii), but reject the model’s predictions about (i).
Semantics of number marking in Maaka
Authors: Jacques Coly Jules , Storch Anne 
Published: March 2017

AbstractMaaka is a West Chadic language which exhibits a rich system of verbal number marking, which in part resembles those of its close relatives. But apart from the more ‘typical’ pluractionals also found elsewhere in Chadic, Maaka has verbal number markers that differ by expressing number values and meanings that are otherwise characteristic for nouns in languages where number marking correlates with nominal aspect. In Maaka, not only nouns can be differentiated according to countability and membership in semantic categories, but verbs as well: Events are framed as either multiple and similar or multiple and diverse, as happening at one single place or involving several locations and different groups of agents and patients. This chapter illustrates in which ways lexical aspect plays an important role in the selection of a specific pluractional form of a given verb.
Plurality and pluractionality in Kanuri
Authors: Cyffer Norbert 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
When taking a closer look at plurality and pluraction in Kanuri, the first impression is refuted, that this is a fruitless topic. While the common pluralization of nouns is uniform, there are some nominals, which have a pluralic base and, therefore, have to be singularized. Regular plurals are executed by a suffixation to the respective noun. Other pluralic forms, e. g. the collective plural, appear as cliticized modifiers of a noun phrase. Patterns of pronoun plurals are: a) different forms in singular and plural, b) pluralization of the singular. Pluraction in the verbal complex is done by reduplication. However, we can detect – nowadays defunct – inflectional processes.
A cross sectional study to assess effects of mastoid drill on hearing levels in chronic suppurative otitis media cases in a tertiary care hospital in northern Maharashtra
Authors: Patil Amit , Khairnar Poonam 
Published: March 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is most common middle ear disease that is encountered in daily practice. It is accepted that middle ear surgery carries a small risk of sensorineural hearing loss. The present study was done to assess the effects of mastoid drilling on hearing loss in operating ear and contralateral ear in cases of CSOM.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 80 patients with CSOM (with or without complications) age group 15 - 60 years attended the ENT outpatient department of Government Medical College and Hospital after taking consent were selected for the study using universal sampling technique, between August 2014 to August 2016. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The study was conducted on 80 patients, aged between 15 to 60 years, who underwent ear surgery for CSOM at Government Medical College Hospital, from August 2014 to August 2016. We found no postoperative SNHL in 28 patients, while 52 patients (48 patients with temporary SNHL &amp; 4 patients with permanent SNHL) had suffered from development of mild SNHL after middle ear surgery.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Mastoid drilling used during ear surgery can cause mild sensorineural hearing loss in immediate postoperative period in operated ear. </p>
Morphological Identification of Horse Flies (Diptera: Tabanidae) and Estimation of their Seasonal Abundance in Al-Showak District, Gedaref State, Eastern Sudan
Authors: Croof Hamid I. M. N. , Nour Mai M. , Ali Nahla O. M. 
Published: March 2017

<em>The aim of this study was to identify the tabanid flies in the Gedaref State, Eastern Sudan and to estimate their seasonal abundance. A number of 374 flies sample were collected by the trapping method in the period October 2014 to October 2015 and were sorted out using certain morphological features that include; size, head, thorax, wings, legs, antennae and abdomen. The observed features of 47 randomly selected samples were recorded and were used to create an identification key that can be used for future characterization and identification of any member of the Tabanidae family. More tabanids flies were collected during the wet (52.29%) than the dry season (47.71%). A number of 5 species of Tabanidae namely; Tabanus autumnalis (Szilády 1914); Tabanus leleani (Austen 1920); Atylotus pulchellus (Loew 1858); Hybomitra mendica (Villeneuve 1912) and Philoliche sp. were reported for the first time in the state of Gedaref. The method described here has advantages over the other methods of identification; that it is simple, costless, and requires no skillful person to perform. The collection procedure is very crucial, for the specimen must be of high-quality. This key will facilitate the recognition of the vector species and its possible role in the transmission of the parasitic and/or viral animals’ diseases in the area. </em>
Toxicity Removal of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent by Employing Chemicals
Authors: Singh Pratibha , Srivastava Nupoor , Jagadish R.S 
Published: March 2017

<em>Pulp and paper are manufactured from raw materials containing cellulose fibers, generally wood, recycled paper, and agricultural residues. In developing countries, about 60% of cellulose fibers originate from nonwood raw materials such as bagasse (sugar cane fibers), cereal straw, bamboo, reeds, esparto grass, jute, flax, and sisal. Large amount of toxic effluent is released during process of paper production. Pulp and paper mill spent wash (raw effluent) is highly acidic in nature with high BOD, COD, TDS, TSS, phenol, sulphate, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and metals viz. Mn Zn Cu Ni Fe and Na . Effluent was treated with chemicals FeCl3 and KMnO4. pH was found to increase from 7.8 to 8.4 on increasing concentration (1 gl-1 to 5 gl-1) of KMnO4. Similarly colour, COD and BOD were decreasing with increasing concentration of KMnO4. Maximum colour, COD and BOD reduction were recorded 21.25%, 93.79% and 81.48% respectively at 5g l-1 concentration of KMnO4. Decrease in pH was recorded from 3.3 to 2.0 on increasing concentration (1 gl-1 to 5 gl-1) of FeCl3 (Ferric chloride). Decrease in colour, COD and BOD were also observed with increasing concentration of FeCl3. Maximum colour, COD and BOD reduction were recorded 99.10%, 54.16% and 85.92% respectively at 5g l-1 conc. of FeCl3.</em>
Estudio de las propiedades físico-químicas y calidad nutricional en distintas variedades de frijol consumidas en México
Authors: Sánchez Chávez Esteban , Fernández Valeriano América Fernanda 
Published: March 2017

Introducción: El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es la leguminosa más importante para consumo humano en el mundo, es una fuente importante de proteína, calorías, vitaminas del complejo B y minerales. Por lo que el objetivo del trabajo de investigación fue estudiar las propiedades fisicoquímicas y la calidad nutricional en las principales variedades de frijol consumidas y producidas en México, con el propósito de conocer sus beneficios nutricionales para el consumidor. Método: En este estudio se seleccionaron seis variedades de frijol más representativas y consumidas en México: Bayo, Negro, Peruano, Flor de Mayo, Alubia y Pinto, así como, una variedad de frijol ejotero. A estas variedades se les determinaron las propiedades fisicoquímicas, C, H y N por medio del Analizador Orgánico Elemental Flash 2000. La determinación de Cu, Fe, Zn, Ni, Na, K, Ca y Mg se determinó por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica y el P se terminó por espectrofotometría y metavandato-molibdato de amonio.Resultados: Se encontraron diferencias significativas en las propiedades fisicoquímicas, así como, en el contenido de macro y micronutrientes en las diferentes variedades de frijol estudiadas. En general, sobresalió el frijol ejotero en las propiedades fisicoquímicas, contenido de micronutrientes y macronutrientes en relación a las variedades de frijol en grano.Discusión o Conclusión: La semilla del ejote presentó las máximas concentraciones en proteína, N, P, K, Mg, Fe y Zn, mientras que las variedades de frijol de grano estudiadas sobresalieron en fibra (Alubia), proteínas (Pinto y Bayo), en Fe (Flor de Mayo). Por último, resaltar que la variedad de frijol de grano estudiada que presentó un aporte bajo en proteína, contenido de N, Mg y Ca fue la variedad Frijol Peruano. Finalmente, se concluye que el frijol ejotero representa un gran beneficio para el consumidor por el aporte de proteínas, carbohidratos, fibra y minerales. Así mismo, tiene un potencial para ser utilizado en un programa de biofortificación con micronutrientes para mejorar su calidad nutricional.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF 7-HYDROXY-3',4'-DIMETHOXYFLAVONE
Authors: Susanti VH Elfi , Matsjeh Sabirin , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi , Mustofa Mustofa , Redjeki Tri 
Published: March 2017

Synthesis of flavones and their derivatives has attracted considerable attention due to their significant pharmaceutical effects. 7-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyflavone has been synthesized and its antioxidant activity has been investigated. Flavone was synthesized by oxidative cyclization of chalcone. 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone was prepared by Claisen-Schmidt condensation of 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenones with 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehydes in the presence of aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and ethanol at room temperature. Oxidative cyclization of 2',4'-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethoxychalcone was done by using I2 catalyst in DMSO to form 7-hydroxy-3',4'-dimethoxyflavone. The synthesized compounds were characterized by means of their UV-Vis, IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data. The compound was tested for their antioxidant activities by DPPH method.
SYNTHESIS OF FLAVANONE-6-CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES FROM SALICYLIC ACID DERIVATIVE
Authors: Mardjan Muhammad Idham Darussalam , Ambarwati Retno , Matsjeh Sabirin , Wahyuningsih Tutik Dwi , Haryadi Winarto 
Published: March 2017

Synthesis of flavanone-6-carboxylic acid derivatives had been conducted via the route of chalcone. The synthesis was carried out from salicylic acid derivative, i.e. 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, via esterification, Fries rearrangement, Claisen-Schmidt condensation and 1,4-nucleophilic addition reactions. Structure elucidation of products was performed using FT-IR, 1H-NMR, GC-MS and UV-Vis spectrometers. Reaction of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid with methanol catalyzed with sulfuric acid produced methyl 4-hydroxybenzoate in 87% yield. The acid-catalyzed-acetylation of the product using acetic anhydride gave methyl 4-acetoxybenzoate in 75% yield. Furthermore, solvent-free Fries rearrangement of methyl 4-acetoxybenzoate in the presence of AlCl3 produced 3-acetyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid as the acetophenone derivatives in 67% yield. Then, Claisen-Schmidt condensation of the acetophenone and benzaldehyde derivatives of p-anisaldehyde and veratraldehyde in basic condition gave 2'-hydroxychalcone-5'-carboxylic acid derivatives in 81 and 71 % yield, respectively. Finally, the ring closure reaction of the chalcone yielded the corresponding flavanone-6-carboxylic acids in 67 and 59% yield, respectively.
Fifteen-year Clinical Follow-up of Restoration of Extensive Cervical Resorption in a Maxillary Central Incisor
Authors: Reston EG , Bueno RPR , Closs LQ , Zettermann J 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARYInternal bleaching in endodontically treated teeth requires care and protection to prevent harm to the periodontal ligament due to peroxide and may result in external root resorption. There is a myriad of treatment options when this occurs, such as monitoring, extraction, and subsequent rehabilitation with implants or fixed prosthodontics. In some cases, such as the one described here, a conservative attempt to maintain the tooth as a single structure can be made by sealing the resorptive defect. In the present case, we show a multidisciplinary approach where orthodontics, periodontics, and restorative dentistry were involved in treating the maxillary right central incisor (#8) of a 65-year-old patient with extensive cervical resorption, whose chief complaint was esthetics. The proposed treatment was extrusion of the tooth followed by curettage and restoration of the defect with glass ionomer cement. The patient has been followed for 15 years with no signs of recurrence, maintenance of periodontal health, and patient satisfaction with the esthetic outcome.
Biological Effects of Provisional Resin Materials on Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Authors: Jun S-K , Mahapatra C , Lee H-H , Kim H-W , Lee J-H 
Published: March 2017

SUMMARY
Objectives: This study investigated the in vitro cytotoxicity as well as the proinflammatory cytokine expression of provisional resin materials on primary cultured human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
Methods: Five commercially available provisional resin materials were chosen (SNAP [SN], Luxatemp [LT], Jet [JE], Revotek LC [RL], and Vipi block [VB]). Eluates that were either polymerizing or already set were added to hDPSCs under serially diluted conditions divided into three different setting times (25% set, 50% set, and 100% set) and incubated for 24 hours with 2× concentrated culture media. Cell cytotoxicity tests were performed by LDH assay and live and dead confocal microscope images. The expression of proinflammatory cytokines in SN and VB was measured using cytokine antibody arrays. Data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) or ANOVA followed by the Tukey post hoc test at a significance level of p&lt;0.05.
Results: Cytotoxicity greater than 30% was observed in the 50% diluted culture in SN, LT, and JE in the already set stage (p&lt;0.05), while it was detected in SN and LT in early or intermediate stage samples. The cytotoxicity of SN, JE, and LT was greater with eluates from the polymerizing phase compared to that from already set samples (p&lt;0.05), as observed by live and dead images. On the other hand, RL and VB did not exhibit cytotoxicity greater than 30%. Proinflammatory cytokines were not detected in 12.5% diluted culture with eluates from VB and early set stage SN.
Conclusions: The eluates from chemical-activated provisional resin materials during polymerization (SN, LT, and JE) were cytotoxic to hDPSCs and may adversely affect pulp tissue.
تحسين انتاج انزيم السراببتيز من بكتريا السراشيا باستخدام اشعة كاما
Authors: علي انتصار حسين , علاوي شهد جبار 
Published: March 2017

عزلة البكتريا التي تم الحصول عليها بعد تشخيصها بجهاز (Vitic) اثبتت القدرة على انتاج انزيم (STP), باستخدام الوسط الزرعي التربتون (Trypton) لكونة وسط مناسب لتنمية البكتريا واستخلاص الانزيم منها. اجريت عمليات تنقية جزئية للانزيم المستخلص من البكتريا باستخدام كبريتات الامونيوم, التبادل الايوني والترشيح الهلامي. وحددت الفعالية الانزيمية لكل خطوة تنقية.عرضت العزلة البكتيرية لاشعة كاما لغرض تطفيرها ومعرفة تأثير الاشعاع عليها وكان التعريض لأشعة كاما باطوال موجية مختلفة لمعرفة اي طول موجي يؤثر بشكل اقوى على الجين المسؤول عن انتاج الانزيم في البكتريا, وهل هذا التأثير سيزيد من الانتاج الانزيمي ام ينقصه.فكانت الاطوال الموجية المعرضة بحدود (1000-6000CGY) بأستخدام العنصر المشعCO60 وكان افضل طول موجي مؤثر في حدود (3000CGY) لكونه اعطى اعلى فعالية انزيمية للانزيم المستخلص من البكتريا بعد تعريضها للاشعاع .
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of Metal Complexes with New Schiff Base Derived from 2-acetylpyridine and Methionine Amino Acid
Authors: Hafedh Fadhel R. 
Published: March 2017

In this research new tridentate Schiff base ligand (S)-4-(methylthio)-2-((1-(pyridin-2-yl)ethylidene)amino) butanoic acid (HL), have been prepared from condensation of (2-acetylpyridine) with methionine amino acid . A coordinated complexes of manganese (II), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) have also been prepared. The prepared ligand and its complexes characterized depending upon (FTIR &Uv-Vis) spectroscopies, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N.S and M) ,(1H and13C) N.M.R spectroscopy, mass spectrum, flame atomic absorption, magnetic measurements and molar conductance. The results of different studies proved that new Schiff base ligand acts as a tridentate ONN donor in all the prepared complexes, as well as the results provided that the geometry of all prepared complexes was octahedral with (1:2) (M:L) ration , except Zn(II) complex which obtained tetrahedral geometry with (1:1) (M:L) ratio.