bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib reduces lung inflammation and remodelling in experimental allergic asthma
Authors: da Silva AL , Magalhães RF , Branco VC , Silva JD , Cruz FF , Marques PS , Ferreira TPT , Morales MM , Martins MA , Olsen PC , Rocco PRM 
Published: February 2016

Background and PurposeAsthma is characterized by chronic lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. Despite recent advances in understanding of its pathophysiology, asthma remains a major public health problem, and new therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. In this context, we sought to ascertain whether treatment with the TK inhibitor dasatinib might repair inflammatory and remodelling processes, thus improving lung function, in a murine model of asthma.Experimental ApproachAnimals were sensitized and subsequently challenged, with ovalbumin (OVA) or saline. Twenty‐four hours after the last challenge, animals were treated with dasatinib, dexamethasone, or saline, every 12 h for 7 consecutive days. Twenty‐four hours after the last treatment, the animals were killed, and data were collected. Lung structure and remodelling were evaluated by morphometric analysis, immunohistochemistry, and transmission electron microscopy of lung sections. Inflammation was assessed by cytometric analysis and ELISA, and lung function was evaluated by invasive whole‐body plethysmography.Key ResultsIn OVA mice, dasatinib, and dexamethasone led to significant reductions in airway hyperresponsiveness. Dasatinib was also able to attenuate alveolar collapse, contraction index, and collagen fibre deposition, as well as increasing elastic fibre content, in OVA mice. Concerning the inflammatory process, dasatinib reduced inflammatory cell influx to the airway and lung‐draining mediastinal lymph nodes, without inducing the thymic atrophy promoted by dexamethasone.Conclusions and ImplicationsIn this model of allergic asthma, dasatinib effectively blunted the inflammatory and remodelling processes in asthmatic lungs, enhancing airway repair and thus improving lung mechanics.
The Effects of Established Trees on Woody Regeneration during Secondary Succession in Tropical Dry Forests
Authors: Derroire Géraldine , Tigabu Mulualem , Odén Per Christer , Healey John R. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms controlling secondary succession in tropical dry forests is important for the conservation and restoration of this highly threatened biome. Canopy‐forming trees in tropical forests strongly influence later stages of succession through their effect on woody plant regeneration. In dry forests, this may be complex given the seasonal interplay of water and light limitations. We reviewed observational and experimental studies to assess (1) the relative importance of positive and negative effects of established trees on regeneration; (2) the mechanisms underlying these effects; and (3) to test the ‘stress gradient hypothesis’ in successional tropical dry forests. The effects of established trees on seed dispersal, seed survival, and seed germination—either through direct changes to moisture and temperature regimes or mediated by seed dispersers and predators—are mainly positive. The balance between positive and negative effects on seedling establishment is more complex and depends on the season and leaf phenology of both trees and seedlings. Seedling survival is generally enhanced by established trees mitigating dry conditions. Established trees have counteracting effects on water and light availability that influence seedling growth. The probability of a positive effect of established trees on seedling survival decreases with increased rainfall, which supports the stress gradient hypothesis. Priorities for future research are experiments to test for facilitation and competition and their underlying mechanisms, long‐term studies evaluating how these effects change with ontogeny, and studies focusing on the species‐specificity of interactions.
Early disintegration of myonuclear fibrous lamina in inclusion body myositis: Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical studies
Authors: Matsubara Shiro , Kondo Koichi , Miyamoto Kazuhito , Kawata Akihiro , Komori Takashi , Nakano Imaharu 
Published: February 2016

AbstractObjectiveMorphological analyses to assess the integrity of myonuclear surface structures in muscle biopsies from patients with inclusion body myositis (IBM) and related disorders were carried out to find clues to the causes of IBM.MethodsMuscle biopsies from 26 patients (seven with IBM, five polymyositis, three dermatomyositis, one hereditary inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease and front‐temporal dementia, three with other non‐inflammatory myopathies, four with no pathological abnormalities and three type 2 fiber atrophy only) were assessed by measuring lengths of clearly identifiable muscle outer (ONM) and inner nuclear membranes (INM), and fibrous laminae (FL) on electron micrographs, and grading severity of degenerative changes in the sarcoplasm into three stages. The nuclei of capillary endothelial cells were also examined and lamin A/C, a major constituent of FL, localized immunohistochemically.ResultsCompared with patients with no pathology or type 2 fiber atrophy only, polymyositis had significantly less ONM, INM and FL at an advanced stage of degeneration. In dermatomyositis, ONM was moderately decreased. In IBM, ONM, INM and FL were decreased severely from early stages of muscle fiber degeneration. In the one case with inclusion body myopathy associated with Paget disease and front‐temporal dementia, all three layers, particularly ONM, were decreased. No significant changes were observed in the nuclei of capillary endothelial cells in IBM or other conditions. In IBM, there was less lamin A/C in myonuclei than in capillary endothelial cell nuclei.ConclusionsIn IBM, shorter lengths of myonuclear surface structures, particularly of FL, were observed from an early stage of degeneration. Early disintegration of FL might reflect an essential pathomechanism of IBM.
Blood culture bottles are superior to conventional media for vitreous culture
Authors: Thariya Patsuda , Yospaiboon Yosanan , Sinawat Suthasinee , Sanguansak Thuss , Bhoomibunchoo Chavakij , Laovirojjanakul Wipada 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundTo compare blood culture bottles and conventional media for the vitreous culture in patients with clinically suspected infectious endophthalmitis.DesignRetrospective comparative study at KKU Eye Center, Khon Kaen University.ParticipantsThere were 342 patients with clinically suspected infectious endophthalmitis participated in the study.MethodsThe vitreous specimens were inoculated in both blood culture bottles and on conventional culture media (blood agar, MacConkey agar, chocolate agar, Sabouraud dextrose agar and thioglycolate broth).Main Outcome MeasuresThe number of positive culture yields in both blood culture bottles and conventional media.ResultsPositive culture yields in both methods were found in 151 eyes (49.5%). There were 136 of 151 eyes (90.1%) with positive culture in blood culture bottles, whereas 99 of 151 eyes (65.6%) yielded positive cultures in conventional media. These findings were different with a statistical significance (P < 0.00001) and an odds ratio of 3.47 (95% confidence interval 1.92, 6.63). A combination of blood culture bottles and conventional media improved the yield.ConclusionsBlood culture bottles are superior to conventional media for vitreous culture in clinically suspected infectious endophthalmitis. Vitreous culture using blood culture bottles should be recommended as the primary method for microbiological diagnosis. A combination of both methods further improves the positive culture yield.
Data‐Driven Shape Analysis and Processing
Authors: Xu Kai , Kim Vladimir G. , Huang Qixing , Kalogerakis Evangelos 
Published: February 2016

AbstractData‐driven methods serve an increasingly important role in discovering geometric, structural and semantic relationships between shapes. In contrast to traditional approaches that process shapes in isolation of each other, data‐driven methods aggregate information from 3D model collections to improve the analysis, modelling and editing of shapes. Data‐driven methods are also able to learn computational models that reason about properties and relationships of shapes without relying on hard‐coded rules or explicitly programmed instructions. Through reviewing the literature, we provide an overview of the main concepts and components of these methods, as well as discuss their application to classification, segmentation, matching, reconstruction, modelling and exploration, as well as scene analysis and synthesis. We conclude our report with ideas that can inspire future research in data‐driven shape analysis and processing.
Single‐staged vs. two‐staged implant placement using bone ring technique in vertically deficient alveolar ridges – Part 1: histomorphometric and micro‐CT analysis
Authors: Nakahara Ken , Haga‐Tsujimura Maiko , Sawada Kosaku , Kobayashi Eizaburo , Mottini Matthias , Schaller Benoit , Saulacic Nikola 
Published: February 2016

AbstractBackgroundSimultaneous implant placement with bone grafting shortens the overall treatment period, but might lead to the peri‐implant bone loss or even implant failure. The aim of this study was to compare the single‐staged to two‐staged implant placement using the bone ring technique.Material and methodsFour standardized alveolar bone defects were made in the mandibles of nine dogs. Dental implants (Straumann BL®, Basel, Switzerland) were inserted simultaneously with bone ring technique in test group and after 6 months of healing period in control group. Animals of both groups were euthanized at 3 and 6 months of osseointegration period. The harvested samples were analyzed by means of histology and micro‐CT.ResultsThe amount of residual bone decreased while the amount of new bone increased up to 9 months of healing period. All morphometric parameters remained stable between 3 and 6 months of osseointegration period within groups. Per a given time point, median area of residual bone graft was higher in test group and area of new bone in control group. The volume of bone ring was greater in test than in control group, reaching the significance at 6 months of osseointegration period (P = 0.002).ConclusionsIn the present type of bone defect, single‐staged implant placement may be potentially useful to shorten an overall treatment period.
One Among Many: Anaphoric One and Its Relationship With Numeral One
Authors: Goldberg Adele E. , Michaelis Laura A. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractOneanaphora (e.g.,this is a good one) has been used as a key diagnostic in syntactic analyses of the English noun phrase, and “one‐replacement” has also figured prominently in debates about the learnability of language. However, much of this work has been based on faulty premises, as a few perceptive researchers, including Ray Jackendoff, have made clear. Abandoning the view of anaphoricone(a‐one) as a form of syntactic replacement allows us to take a fresh look at various uses of the wordone. In the present work, we investigate its use as a cardinal number (1‐one) in order to better understand its anaphoric use. Like all cardinal numbers, 1‐onecan only quantify an individuated entity and provides an indefinite reading by default. Owing to unique combinatoric properties, cardinal numbers defy consistent classification as determiners, quantifiers, adjectives, or nouns. Once the semantics and distribution of cardinal numbers, including 1‐one, are appreciated, many properties ofa‐onefollow with minimal stipulation. We claim that 1‐oneanda‐oneare distinct but very closely related lexemes. When 1‐oneappears without a noun (e.g.,Takeone), it is nearly indistinguishable froma‐one(e.g.,takeone)—the only differences being interpretive (1‐oneforegrounds its cardinality whilea‐onedoes not) and prosodic (presence versus absence of primary accent). While we ultimately argue that a family of constructions is required to describe the full range of syntactic contexts in whichoneappears, the proposed network accounts for properties ofa‐oneby allowing it to inherit most of its syntactic and interpretive constraints from its historical predecessor, 1‐one.
Multivariate pattern classification of pediatric Tourette syndrome using functional connectivity MRI
Authors: Greene Deanna J. , Church Jessica A. , Dosenbach Nico U.F. , Nielsen Ashley N. , Adeyemo Babatunde , Nardos Binyam , Petersen Steven E. , Black Kevin J. , Schlaggar Bradley L. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTourette syndrome (TS) is a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Individuals with TS would benefit greatly from advances in prediction of symptom timecourse and treatment effectiveness. As a first step, we applied a multivariate method – support vector machine (SVM) classification – to test whether patterns in brain network activity, measured with resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) MRI, could predict diagnostic group membership for individuals. RSFC data from 42 children with TS (8–15 yrs) and 42 unaffected controls (age, IQ, in‐scanner movement matched) were included. While univariate tests identified no significant group differences, SVM classified group membership with ~70% accuracy (p < .001). We also report a novel adaptation of SVM binary classification that, in addition to an overall accuracy rate for the SVM, provides a confidence measure for the accurate classification of each individual. Our results support the contention that multivariate methods can better capture the complexity of some brain disorders, and hold promise for predicting prognosis and treatment outcome for individuals with TS.
Subcellular calcium dynamics during juvenile development in mouse hippocampal astrocytes
Authors: Nakayama Ryota , Sasaki Takuya , Tanaka Kenji F. , Ikegaya Yuji 
Published: February 2016

AbstractAstrocytes generate calcium signals throughout their fine processes, which are assumed to locally regulate neighbouring neurotransmission and blood flow. The intercellular morphological relationships mature during juvenile periods when astrocytes elongate highly ramified processes. In this study, we examined developmental changes in calcium activity patterns of single hippocampal astrocytes using a transgenic mouse line in which astrocytes selectively express a genetically encoded calcium indicator, Yellow Cameleon‐Nano50. Compared with postnatal day 7, astrocytes at postnatal day 30 showed larger subcellular calcium events and a greater proportion of somatic events. At both ages, the calcium activity was abolished by removal of extracellular calcium ions. Calcium events in late juvenile astrocytes were not affected by spontaneously occurring sharp waves that trigger synchronized neuronal spikes, implying the independence of astrocyte calcium signals from neuronal synchronization. These results demonstrate that astrocytes undergo dynamic changes in their activity patterns during juvenile development.
Microglia‐derived purines modulate mossy fibre synaptic transmission and plasticity through P2X4 and A1 receptors
Authors: George Jimmy , Cunha Rodrigo A. , Mulle Christophe , Amédée Thierry 
Published: February 2016

AbstractRecent data have provided evidence that microglia, the brain‐resident macrophage‐like cells, modulate neuronal activity in both physiological and pathophysiological conditions, and microglia are therefore now recognized as synaptic partners. Among different neuromodulators, purines, which are produced and released by microglia, have emerged as promising candidates to mediate interactions between microglia and synapses. The cellular effects of purines are mediated through a large family of receptors for adenosine and for ATP (P2 receptors). These receptors are present at brain synapses, but it is unknown whether they can respond to microglia‐derived purines to modulate synaptic transmission and plasticity. Here, we used a simple model of adding immune‐challenged microglia to mouse hippocampal slices to investigate their impact on synaptic transmission and plasticity at hippocampal mossy fibre (MF) synapses onto CA3 pyramidal neurons. MF–CA3 synapses show prominent forms of presynaptic plasticity that are involved in the encoding and retrieval of memory. We demonstrate that microglia‐derived ATP differentially modulates synaptic transmission and short‐term plasticity at MF–CA3 synapses by acting, respectively, on presynaptic P2X4 receptors and on adenosine A1 receptors after conversion of extracellular ATP to adenosine. We also report that P2X4 receptors are densely located in the mossy fibre tract in the dentate gyrus–CA3 circuitry. In conclusion, this study reveals an interplay between microglia‐derived purines and MF–CA3 synapses, and highlights microglia as potent modulators of presynaptic plasticity.
Searching for cognitive enhancement in the Morris water maze: better and worse performance in D‐amino acid oxidase knockout (Dao−/−) mice
Authors: Pritchett David , Taylor Amy M , Barkus Christopher , Engle Sandra J , Brandon Nicholas J , Sharp Trevor , Foster Russell G , Harrison Paul J , Peirson Stuart N , Bannerman David M 
Published: February 2016

AbstractA common strategy when searching for cognitive‐enhancing drugs has been to target the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptor (NMDAR), given its putative role in synaptic plasticity and learning. Evidence in favour of this approach has come primarily from studies with rodents using behavioural assays like the Morris water maze. D‐amino acid oxidase (DAO) degrades neutral D‐amino acids such as D‐serine, the primary endogenous co‐agonist acting at the glycine site of the synaptic NMDAR. Inhibiting DAO could therefore provide an effective and viable means of enhancing cognition, particularly in disorders like schizophrenia, in which NMDAR hypofunction is implicated. Indirect support for this notion comes from the enhanced hippocampal long‐term potentiation and facilitated water maze acquisition of ddY/Dao− mice, which lack DAO activity due to a point mutation in the gene. Here, in Dao knockout (Dao−/−) mice, we report both better and worse water maze performance, depending on the radial distance of the hidden platform from the side wall of the pool. Dao−/− mice displayed an increased innate preference for swimming in the periphery of the maze (possibly due to heightened anxiety), which facilitated the discovery of a peripherally located platform, but delayed the discovery of a centrally located platform. By contrast, Dao−/− mice exhibited normal performance in two alternative assays of long‐term spatial memory: the appetitive and aversive Y‐maze reference memory tasks. Taken together, these results question the proposed relationship between DAO inactivation and enhanced long‐term associative spatial memory. They also have generic implications for how Morris water maze studies are performed and interpreted.
An ectomycorrhizal nitrogen economy facilitates monodominance in a neotropical forest
Authors: Corrales Adriana , Mangan Scott A. , Turner Benjamin L. , Dalling James W. 
Published: February 2016

AbstractTropical forests are renowned for their high diversity, yet in many sites a single tree species accounts for the majority of the individuals in a stand. An explanation for these monodominant forests remains elusive, but may be linked to mycorrhizal symbioses. We tested three hypotheses by which ectomycorrhizas might facilitate the dominance of the tree, Oreomunnea mexicana, in montane tropical forest in Panama. We tested whether access to ectomycorrhizal networks improved growth and survival of seedlings, evaluated whether ectomycorrhizal fungi promote seedling growth via positive plant–soil feedback, and measured whether Oreomunnea reduced inorganic nitrogen availability. We found no evidence that Oreomunnea benefits from ectomycorrhizal networks or plant–soil feedback. However, we found three‐fold higher soil nitrate and ammonium concentrations outside than inside Oreomunnea‐dominated forest and a correlation between soil nitrate and Oreomunnea abundance in plots. Ectomycorrhizal effects on nitrogen cycling might therefore provide an explanation for the monodominance of ectomycorrhizal tree species worldwide.
Evaluation of the application of the European guidelines for the diagnosis and clinical care of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in six French ALS centres
Authors: Marin B. , Beghi E. , Vial C. , Bernard E. , Lautrette G. , Clavelou P. , Guy N. , Lemasson G. , Debruxelles S. , Cintas P. , Antoine J. C. , Camdessanche J. P. , Logroscino G. , Preux P. M. , Couratier P. ,   EURECALS consortium
Published: February 2016

Background and purposeOur objective was to evaluate the extent to which the 2005 recommendations of the European Federation of Neurological Sciences (EFNS) on the multidisciplinary management of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are followed in clinical practice.MethodsThis was a multicentre observational study involving six French ALS referral centres receiving prevalent and incident cases. Recommendations were translated into ad hoc questions referring to key aspects of management, and their application was evaluated by a clinical research assistant who independently examined the medical charts (MCs). When necessary, an independent board‐certified neurologist answered the questions based on examination of the MC and interview of the caring neurologist. Questions regarding diagnosis and communication were put to patients in a self‐administered questionnaire.ResultsIn all, 376 patients [176 incident, 200 prevalent cases; median age at diagnosis 62.8 years (interquartile range 55.7–72.3); sex ratio 1.37; 27.3% bulbar onset] were included. All the topics covered in the recommendations were evaluated: diagnostic delay (e.g. mean 13.6 months, associated with age and onset); breaking the news (e.g. criteria for communication quality were satisfactory in more than 90%); multidisciplinary and sustained support (e.g. clinic visits were scheduled every 2–3 months in 90%). Also considered were whether riluzole had been offered, symptom management, genetic testing, ventilation, communication defects, enteral nutrition, palliative and end‐of‐life care. Characteristics associated with poor compliance with some guidelines (schedule of visits, delayed riluzole initiation) were also identified.ConclusionThis is the first evaluation of the application of the EFNS recommendations for the management of ALS in a nationwide sample. The results allow us to highlight areas for improvement.