bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Devising an approach to the construction of an adapted model of the reconnaissance-fire system functioning
Authors: Maistrenko Oleksandr , Saveliev Andrii , Pechorin Oleksandr , Karavanov Oleksandr , Stetsiv Stanislav , Shvets Mykola , Lykholot Oleksandr , Voitenko Serhii , Khimchenko Oleksandr , Kondratenko Yulii 
Published: September 2024

The object of this study is the operational model of a reconnaissance-fire system.
The problem that was solved is the lack of an approach to building a model of the functioning of a combat system, in particular a reconnaissance-fire system, which would take into account the influence of all subsystems and include the necessary number of system states.
An improved procedure for building an adapted operational model of the reconnaissance-fire system has been proposed. The essence of the improved methodology is the formalization of processes through the definition of system states and intensities of transitions from state to state. The improved procedure is based on the Kolmogorov-Chapman equations and the goal tree construction method.
A feature of the improved methodology is the breakdown of the states of the reconnaissance-fire system by hierarchy levels, which allows taking into account more necessary states of the system.
The field of practical use of the improved methodology is planning and management processes during the development of action algorithms during combat operations.
An adapted operational model of the reconnaissance-fire system has been built. The essence of the model is to determine the probability of the reconnaissance-fire system being in a certain state based on the Chapman-Kolmogorov equations, taking into account the necessary level of detail in the process of its operation.
Special feature of the proposed model is that it makes it possible to model by taking into account 39 states of the system with the necessary accuracy both for the system as a whole and separately for subsystems. This is explained by the fact that the test of the adequacy of the model showed that the discrepancy of the results is within the statistical error from 2 to 9 %.
The field of application of the adapted operational model of the reconnaissance-fire system is the processes of making a decision on the application of the operation of the intelligence-fire system during hostilities and their management during combat operations.
Large language model (LLM) comparison between GPT-3 and PaLM-2 to produce Indonesian cultural content
Authors: Erlansyah Deni , Mukminin Amirul , Julian Dedek , Negara Edi Surya , Aditya Ferdi , Syaputra Rezki 
Published: September 2024

Large language models can help to compile content with a cultural theme. However, any information generated by large language models needs to be evaluated to see the truth/fact of the information generated. With many studies discussing the comparison of the capabilities of large language models, there is not much research that directly discusses the comparison of the performance of large language models in producing Indonesian cultural content. This research compares the correctness of the information generated by the large language model using the expert judgment method when creating Indonesian cultural content and its fine-tuning capabilities evaluated using BERTScore. The evaluation method was successfully applied and the results show that in this case, PaLM-2 included less misinformation while GPT-3 excelled in fine-tuning. Using the combination of expert judgment and BERTScore makes it possible to evaluate large language models and obtain additional valid training data to correct deficiencies. The results showed that PaLM-2 produced more valid content with a score of 27 points, while GPT-3 scored 8 points. For training on new datasets/fine-tuning, it was found that the GPT-3 language model was able to learn the dataset more quickly, with a time of 50 minutes and a cost of IDR 27,000, while PaLM-2 took 2 hours 10 minutes and a cost of IDR 1,377,204. For the training dataset evaluation results, GPT-3 is superior with an average of all scores reaching 0.85205. Meanwhile, the PaLM-2 Tuned Model got an average overall score of 0.78942. In this case, the GPT-3 Tuned Model is superior by 8 %. In practice, this method can be used if the assessment is descriptive and requires direct assessment from experts
Increasing the accuracy of electrical energy accounting at reduced load
Authors: Vasylets Sviatoslav , Vasylets Kateryna , Ilchuk Volodymyr 
Published: September 2024

The object of research is a three-phase electricity metering unit, which includes a digital meter and measuring current transformers. The reduction of non-technological energy losses is restrained due to the insufficient accuracy of the accounting of electric energy in distribution power networks under a reduced load current of the metering unit. The possibility of representing the dependence of the relative error of electricity measurement on current values by a fuzzy function at reduced load has been confirmed. The boundaries of such a function are approximated with sufficient accuracy by the sum of two exponents, which is explained by its significant nonlinearity in the range of reduced current. The proposed EMRL software allows to estimate the real consumption and the most possible level of underaccounting based on the array of electricity meter readings. The accuracy of estimating by the EMRL the amount of electricity consumed with a probability of 0.7 can be estimated with a relative error not exceeding 2 %. The probability of psychophysical assessments of the accuracy of EMRL «very good» and «good» is at least 0.833. The trend of a significant decrease in the relative value of underaccounting with an increase in the level of electricity consumption was revealed. With a daily consumption of up to 10 kW·h, the amount of underaccounting can reach 18 %, and with a consumption of more than 20 kW·h, it does not exceed 6 %. The adequacy of the results of estimating the amount of consumed electricity at reduced load using the EMRL was confirmed by experimental data at a significance level of 0.05. The software capabilities allow to increase the accuracy of the accounting of electrical energy in distribution networks with a reduced load current of the metering unit. The program can be used as part of automated systems of commercial electricity metering or advanced metering infrastructure to determine the most possible underaccounting due to the operation of metering units at a reduced load
The influence of the rotor shape on the efficiency of the hydrodynamic heater
Authors: Nussupbekov Bekbolat , Oshanov Yerlan , Ovcharov Mihail , Duisenbayeva Moldir , Sharzadin Adilzada , Kongyrbayeva Aitkul , Amanzholova Makpal 
Published: September 2024

The paper discusses issues related to the design of a hydrodynamic throttle type heater. The maximum angular velocities for cylindrical and conical shapes are determined from the condition of non-spilling of liquid from a rotating vessel.
Theoretical studies have shown that the conical shape of the skirt is more optimal, since with an increase in the liquid level in the vessel within 0.02–0.09 m, the angular velocity decreases from 37.566 rad/s to 17.709 rad/s, respectively. In addition, with a taper of the vessel walls of 5° and a liquid level height of 0.02 m, the volume of the liquid is 11.0·10–5 m3. If to increase the liquid level to 0.09 m, then the volume of liquid will increase to 55.0·10–5 m3. At a taper of 10°, respectively, there is also an increase in the volume of liquid from 6.0·10–5 m3 to 42.0·10–5 m3.
To establish a small increase in the temperature of the liquid when it is forced through the throttle holes, a transparent mock-up was made. Experimental studies have shown the locking of air during the formation of a ring of liquid in the rotor cavity. In addition, it was found that the smaller the inner radius of the liquid ring, the higher the temperature of the pressed liquid through the throttle openings. For this purpose, a system for removing air from its rotor was provided in the hydrodynamic heater.
When the rotor is running, the lateral outer walls of the conical skirt interact with the liquid, forcing it to rotate. The rotating liquid, rising along the walls of the housing, begins to interact with the lower part of the rotor, which negatively affects the operation of the hydrodynamic heater as a whole. For this purpose, a special flow directing cylinder was provided in the housing.
When the liquid is forced through the throttle opening, there is a decrease in pressure and an increase in the velocity of the liquid. This leads to an increase in its kinetic energy, which is then converted into thermal energy due to friction between the liquid molecules. This principle is used in various systems such as heating systems, industrial processes or laboratory research. However, creating pressure in front of the throttle openings using the inertial forces of a rotating mass of liquid is a promising direction
Influence of modified additives on the properties of compressed air foam
Authors: Shakhov Stanislav , Vynohradov Stanislav , Kodryk Anatoly , Titenko Oleksandr , Melnychenko Andrii , Hryschenko Dmytry , Grinchenko Evgen , Knaub Liudmyla 
Published: September 2024

The object of this study is the properties of compressed air foam with the use of modified additives: its drainage time and expansion ratio.
The main properties of compressed air foam that affect the effectiveness of fire extinguishing are its drainage time and expansion ratio. At the same time, a number of authors have confirmed that the introduction of chemically modified additives into the composition of water fire extinguishing substances makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of fire extinguishing.
The problem to be solved was to determine the influence of five modified additives (NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4, (NH4)2СO3, K2CO3 and KCl in the concentration range of 1–5 % by mass on the expansion ratio and drainage time of the compressed air foam. The results showed that the content of additives (NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4 and (NH4)2СO3 in the aqueous solution of the foaming agent does not affect its expansion ratio within the given limits. On the other hand, with K2CO3 and KCl additives, it was not possible to obtain compressed air foam with a expansion ratio of 5–20, that is, their inefficiency in compressed air foam was noted.
The characteristic dependence of the effect of (NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4 and (NH4)2СO3 additives on drainage time has been determined. The greatest drainage time is characteristic of the K≈20 generation mode. The highest recorded drainage time index was established for NH4H2PO4, namely 5.45 min; for (NH4)2HPO4 the drainage time was lower by 8 %; for (NH4)2СO3 the drainage time was lower by 20 %. At the same time, with the use of (NH4)2HPO4, NH4H2PO4 and (NH4)2СO3, it is characteristic to obtain a foam with lower drainage time compared to foam of a conventional composition. Thus, for foam with a expansion ratio of K≈20, the drainage time of foam with NH4H2PO4 is lower by 17 %, with (NH4)2HPO4 by 23 %, and with (NH4)2СO3 by 33 %.
The effect of reducing the drainage time of the foam can have a decisive role in reducing its effectiveness when used for extinguishing flammable liquids due to the extinguishing mechanism but is not decisive for extinguishing solid substances. Therefore, the fire-extinguishing effectiveness of compressed air foam with modified additives during the extinguishing of solid combustible materials in comparison with the conventional CAF composition requires further study
Identifying the influence of inlet velocity changes to pressure drop and collecting efficiency in Stairmand and Lapple type cyclone separators
Authors: Syuriadi Adi , Siswantara Ahmad Indra , Irwansyah Ridho , Supriyadi Supriyadi , Widiawaty Candra Damis , Syafei Muhammad Hilman Gumelar , Rizianiza Illa , Permana Sulaksana , Susanto Iwan 
Published: September 2024

The object of this research is to compare the performance of Stairmand and Lapple type cyclone separators. The main problem to be solved in this research is determining which Stairmand or Lapple type cyclone separator is more suitable for integration into the pyrolysis system. The comparison is based on key performance indicators: pressure drop and collecting efficiency. The research findings indicate that both Stairmand and Lapple cyclone separators exhibit similar trends in pressure drop and collecting efficiency. As inlet velocity increases, the pressure drop also increases for both types. However, the collecting efficiency initially rises but then declines when inlet velocities exceed 13 m/s. The Lapple variant achieved a peak collecting efficiency of 98.94 % and pressure drop 16.26 mbar at an inlet velocity of 13 m/s, whereas the Stairmand design reached 97.33 % and pressure drop 12.16 mbar at 13 m/s inlet velocity. The Lapple type cyclone separator outperformed the Stairmand type in terms of both of pressure drop and collecting efficiency. This superiority is attributed to the specific design features and characteristics of the Lapple type. The superior performance of the Lapple type cyclone separator can be explained by its unique design elements that contribute to improved particulate matter separation and pressure drop. These elements may include differences in cylinder height and particulate matter outlet diameter. Based on the findings of this research, the Lapple type cyclone separator is recommended for integration into pyrolysis systems. However, it is important to consider the specific operating conditions of the pyrolysis process, such as temperature, the particulate matter size distribution, flow rate, and desired separation efficiency
Report of RILEM TC 281-CCC: A critical review of the standardised testing methods to determine carbonation resistance of concrete
Authors: Bernal Susan A. , Dhandapani Yuvaraj , Elakneswaran Yogarajah , Gluth Gregor J. G. , Gruyaert Elke , Juenger Maria C. G. , Lothenbach Barbara , Olonade Kolawole A. , Sakoparnig Marlene , Shi Zhenguo , Thiel Charlotte , Van den Heede Phillip , Vanoutrive Hanne , von Greve-Dierfeld Stefanie , De Belie Nele , Provis John L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe chemical reaction between CO2and a blended Portland cement concrete, referred to as carbonation, can lead to reduced performance, particularly when concrete is exposed to elevated levels of CO2(i.e., accelerated carbonation conditions). When slight changes in concrete mix designs or testing conditions are adopted, conflicting carbonation results are often reported. The RILEM TC 281-CCC ‘Carbonation of Concrete with Supplementary Cementitious Materials’ has conducted a critical analysis of the standardised testing methodologies that are currently applied to determine carbonation resistance of concrete in different regions. There are at least 17 different standards or recommendations being actively used for this purpose, with significant differences in sample curing, pre-conditioning, carbonation exposure conditions, and methods used for determination of carbonation depth after exposure. These differences strongly influence the carbonation depths recorded and the carbonation coefficient values calculated. Considering the importance of accurately determining carbonation potential of concrete, not just for predicting their durability performance, but also for determining the amount of CO2that concrete can re-absorb during or after its service life, it is imperative to recognise the applicability and limitations of the results obtained from different tests. This will enable researchers and practitioners to adopt the most appropriate testing methodologies to evaluate carbonation resistance, depending on the purpose of the conclusions derived from such testing (e. g. materials selection, service life prediction, CO2capture potential).
PENERAPAN PEMBELAJARAN SYNECTICS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KREATIVITAS SISWA DALAM MEMBUAT PUISI SEDERHANA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DARING
Authors: Ruhimat Toto 
Published: September 2024

This study aims todetermine and describe the differences in increasing creativity skills between the application of synecntic learning and recitation (assignment) in making simple poetry through online learning. The research method used is quantitative research with quasi-experimental in elementary school, the research sampel used is class 2 A and class 2 C SDN 113 Banjarsari Bandung City. In assessing the ability of creativity during learning using creativity assessment techniques ( Munandar, SC, 1999) and for assessing the ability to read poetry using poetry reading indicators as learning assessment criteria in the 2013 curriculum. It is hoped that this research can find out how the application of Synectic learning in online learning can increase students creativity in making simple poertry in grade 2 in elementary school.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendiskripsikan perbedaan peningkatan kemampuan kreativititas antara penerapan pembelajaran sinektik dengan resitasi (pemberian tugas) dalam membuat puisi sederhana melalui pembelajaran daring. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif dengan kuasi eksperimen di Sekolah Dasar, sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah kelas 2 A dan kelas 2 C SDN 113 Banjarsari Kota Bandung. Dalam menilai kemampuan kreativitas selama pembelajaran menggunakan teknik penilaian kreativitas (Munandar, S.C. 1999) dan untuk penilaian kemampuan membacakan puisi dengan menggunakan indikator-indikator pembacaan puisi sebagai kriteria penilaian pembelajaran dalam kurikulum 2013. Diharapkan penelitian ini dapat mengetahui bagaimanakah penerapan pembelajaran sinektik pada pembelajaran daring dapat meningkatkan kreativitas siswa dalam membuat puisi sederhana pada kelas 2 di Sekolah Dasar.
ANALISIS PENGARUH LITERASI DASAR TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA
Authors: Sitepu Anton , Lumban Gaol Rumiris 
Published: September 2024

In today's digital era, many social media that are a means of online social activities make students not give time and will be less interested in reading a news or textbook with a lack of time to read books will have an impact on low student learning motivation, if this lasts for a long time it will have an impact on the low level of student knowledge, this will also result in low human resources. One of the solutions that schools are doing today starting from elementary school is to encourage literacy activities. Based on the guidebook for the school literacy movement in elementary schools, according to the Directorate General of Primary and Secondary Education, Ministry of Education and Culture, in the implementation of school literacy activity programs, there are stages that must be followed. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an influence of basic literacy on student learning motivation. This research was conducted at SD UPT SD Negeri 068008 Medan Tuntungan grade 5 with a total of 21 students. quantitative approach type of experimental research. The results of the study showed that basic literacy activities have a positive and significant influence on student learning motivation Pada era digital saat ini banyak media sosial yang menjadi sarana aktifitas sosial secara online membuat siswa tidak memberi waktu dan bakkan kurang berminat untuk membaca suatu berita atau buku pelajaran dengan minimnya waktununtuk membaca buku akan berdampak pada rendahnya motivasi belajar siswa, jika hal ini berlangsung dalam waktu yang lama akan berdampak pada tingkat pengetahuan siswa yang rendah hal ini juga akan mengakibatkan sumber daya manusia yang rendah. Salah satu Solusi yang di lakukan sekolah saat ini dimulai dari sekolah dasar adalah mengalakkan kegiatan literasi. Berdasarkan buku panduan gerakan literasi sekolah di sekolah dasar menurut Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan pada pelaksanaan program kegiatan literasi sekolah ada tahapan yang harus di ikuti. Tujuan penelitian ini ada untuk megetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh literasi dasar terhadap motivasi belajar siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SD UPT SD Negeri 068008 Medan Tuntungan kelas 5 dengan jumlah peserta 21 siswa. pendekatan kuantitatif jenis penelitian eksperimen. Hasil penelitian bahwa kegiatan literasi dasar mempunyai pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi belajar siswa
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA BAHASA INGGRIS SISWA MELALUI STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN EXIT TICKETS DI KELAS XI SMA DAERAH SWASTA AIR JOMAN
Authors: Rahayu Sri - 
Published: September 2024

Motivated by problems in learning English. From the teacher's point of view, teachers mostly use their mother tongue (regional language) during the teaching and learning process, preparing teaching plans, teaching media, choosing appropriate teaching methods, and limited teaching time. Furthermore, from the student's perspective, problems include lack of self-confidence, limited vocabulary, minimal mastery of grammar, incorrect pronunciation and intonation of words, embarrassment about speaking English, and low motivation. The aim of this research is to determine the improvement of students' English speaking skills through the exit ticket strategy in class XI of SMA Daerah Swasta Air Joman. This type of research is classroom action research (PTK). This PTK was carried out at SMA Daerah Swasta Air. This research was conducted in semester 1 of the 2023/2024 academic year. The research subject was class XI of SMA Daerah Swasta Air. There are 28 students consisting of 11 male students and 17 female students. In the pre-cycle, 10 students (35.72%) completed the speaking proficiency level, while 18 students (64.28%). In the first cycle, the level of students' speaking skills, namely 16 students (64.28%) had completed and 12 students (35.72%) were declared complete. In cycle II, the speaking ability level of 24 students (85.71%) was complete and 4 students (14.29%) were declared complete. Learning with the Exit ticket learning strategy can improve the speaking skills of class.