bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Review of Force Health Protection Aspects of Lyme Disease in the U.S. Military
Authors: Melanson Vanessa R , Bateman Stacey L , Hering Kalei , Weiss Thomas J , Reilly James L , Davis Keeley T , Gramlich Victoria A , Jankovich Alexis , Daffin McKenzie , Hershfield Jeremy R , Barnhill Jason C 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Lyme disease (LD) is an underrated threat to the military that negatively impacts mission readiness. Lyme disease has traditionally been thought to only be a risk in an operational context, where training or deployments are frequently conducted in heavily wooded environments. However, this view diminishes risks posed by many off-duty outdoor recreational activities. Furthermore, although the Army introduced a permethrin factory-treated Army Combat Uniform in 2012, permethrin retention and subsequent protection have been shown to decrease significantly after 3 months of wear. Thus, although LD is a known health risk that threatens unit readiness, beyond using treated uniforms there has been little progress at the unit level to address this threat.

Materials and Methods
Focusing on a narrative review of LD and its impact on U.S. military force health protection, sources included DoD websites and policies, government press releases and information papers from sources like the CDC and FDA, and scholarly peer-reviewed journals with full-text access from the online databases EBSCOhost, MEDLINE, SCOUT, and Google Scholar. Searches included the following key words: LD and military, Army, etiology, epidemiology, incidence, treatments, post-treatment LD, and chronic LD. Articles were selected for review based on the relevance of their abstracts and titles.

Results
Although the incidence of LD appears to be increasing among service members, it is difficult to attribute this increase to military-related duties. Also, despite ongoing LD research specifically conducted and funded by the DoD, there are limited data on the mitigating effects of force education and permethrin-treated uniforms on the LD threat. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that LD negatively impacts military readiness and monetary costs diverted from other priorities.

Conclusion
Lyme disease poses a genuine threat to the health and careers of service members and is an often-overlooked disruptor to military operations. Simple, feasible prevention strategies that are tailored to high-risk geographic regions can be emphasized by military units to reduce the incidence of on-duty and off-duty cases. Additionally, there remains a critical need for new preventative and diagnostic measures for LD.
Differences in Musculoskeletal Injury and Disability Rates in U.S. Navy Sailors Aboard Aircraft Carrier and Amphibious Assault Ships
Authors: Fraser John J , Halfpap Joshua , Rosenthal Michael 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKI) are the most common clinical condition in the military that affect medical readiness. Evaluation of MSKI burden and the effects of these injuries on readiness in large deck Navy ships is warranted.

Materials and Methods
A retrospective cohort study assessing population-level MSKI rates, short-term disability (restricted duty), and long-term disability episode counts of all Sailors assigned to U.S. Navy Aircraft Carriers (CVNs) and Amphibious Assault Ships (LHA/LHD) from November 2016 to February 2023 was extracted from the Musculoskeletal Naval Epidemiological Surveillance Tool. A negative binomial regression and general additive (Gaussian) models evaluate the association of ship platform, deployment status, days underway, and sex with MSKI rates and the proportion of cases that resulted in short-term disability, returned-to-duty following restricted duty, or progressed to long-term disability.

Results
Sailors attached to CVNs contributed a mean 17,893.8 ± 23,280.6 person-months, with those attached to LHA/LHDs contributing an average 5,981.8 ± 8,432.7 person-months. Aboard CVNs, MSKI occurred at a rate of 0.30 ± 0.16/1,000 person-months while deployed and 0.64 ± 0.31/1,000 person-months in homeport. Aboard LHA/LHDs, Sailors incurred MSKI at a rate of 0.59 ± 0.58/1,000 person-months while on deployment and 1.24 ± 0.68/1,000 person-months in homeport. Among Sailors aboard CVNs, short-term disability occurred in 7.95 ± 7.75% of MSKI cases while deployed and 5.13 ± 5.26% while in homeport. Aboard LHA/LHDs, 8.57 ± 13.42% of MSKI cases were placed on short-term disability while deployed and 4.95 ± 5.27% while in homeport. In the multivariable assessment of short-term disability, being deployed underway was a significant factor (B = 3.62 P = .03, variance explained = 3.86%). Sailors that were female and served aboard LHA/LHDs returned to full duty at a significantly greater frequency compared to their male counterparts and Sailors serving aboard CVNs. None of the independent variables evaluated were associated with long-term disability.

Conclusion
The findings in the current study demonstrate the substantial burden of MSKI aboard large deck ships, both in homeport and while deployed. Inclusion of a physical therapist aboard LHA/LHDs, like the CVN, may help to prevent and mitigate the effects of MSKI through early access to specialized care and integral injury prevention and performance optimization methods.
Engineered Janus hydrogels: biomimetic surface engineering and biomedical applications
Authors: Pan Mingfei , Shui Tao , Zhao Ziqian , Xiang Li , Yan Bin , Gu Ning , Zeng Hongbo 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Hydrogel bioadhesives, when applied to dysfunctional tissues substituting the epidermis or endothelium, exhibit compelling characteristics that enable revolutionary diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Despite their demonstrated efficacy, these hydrogels as soft implants are still limited by improper symmetric surface functions, leading to postoperative complications and disorders. Janus hydrogel bioadhesives with unique asymmetric surface designs have thus been proposed as a reliable and biocompatible hydrogel interface, mimicking the structural characteristics of natural biological barriers. In this comprehensive review, we provide guidelines for the rational design of Janus hydrogel bioadhesives, covering methods for hydrogel surface chemistry and microstructure engineering. The engineering of Janus hydrogels is highlighted, specifically in tuning the basal surface to facilitate instant and robust hydrogel-tissue integration and modulating the apical surface as the anti-adhesion, anti-fouling, and anti-wear barrier. These asymmetric designs hold great potential in clinical translation, supporting applications including hemostasis/tissue sealing, chronic wound management, and regenerative medicine. By shedding light on the potential of Janus hydrogels as bioactive interfaces, this review paper aims to inspire further research and overcome current obstacles for advancing soft matter in next-generation healthcare.
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People Who Smoke and Want to Quit—A Cohort Profile From the Koori Quit Pack study
Authors: Mersha Amanual Getnet , Bonevski Billie , Maddox (Bagumani) Raglan , Chamberlain (Palawa) Catherine , Clarke (Worimi/Gamilaroi) Kerindy , Forster (Worimi) Joley , Roberts Barker (Wiradjuri) Kayden , Booth Kade , Segan Catherine , Kennedy (Wiradjuri) Michelle 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Reducing the prevalence of smoking is a national priority; however, there is limited evidence on what smoking cessation supports are utilized, accessible, and effective among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. This paper describes a cohort profile of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke and want to quit to inform tailored smoking cessation interventions.

Aims and Methods
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people residing in New South Wales, Australian Capital Territory (ACT), and Victoria, who were smokers wanting to quit, were recruited through health services and online advertisements from May to October 2022. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to summarize participant characteristics and explore factors associated with previous use and adherence to Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) and intention to use Quitline services.

Results
One hundred and sixty-five participants were recruited. Almost all (93.9%) had made at least one previous quit attempt, and 40.6% had used behavioral support. The majority believed NRT was safe (80.6%), effective (70.3%), and tried NRT previously (89%). Preferred forms of NRT for current quit attempts were nicotine patches (85.5%) and inhalers (69.7%). Intention to use Quitline was found to be higher among participants aged 31–45 years compared to participants under 30 years (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.01 to 9.76).

Conclusions
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are highly motivated to be smoke-free. However, efforts to enhance access and adherence to cessation supports are needed. The rapid recruitment and interest in the mailout cessation support should be scaled up to support Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples to quit.

Implications
The Australian Government has recently launched a national tobacco strategy which includes targets for reducing smoking prevalence to less than 27% among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. In order to meet these targets Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people who smoke and want to quit should have access to culturally safe and responsive support. We found that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have made quit attempts, accessed evidence-based smoking cessation care, and have positive attitudes towards NRT. However, acknowledging relapse, further evidence is required to understand the factors associated with sustained quitting.
Product Market Competition, Mergers and Acquisitions, and Covenant Redesign
Authors: Aslan Hadiye , Kalimipalli Madhu , Kumar Praveen , Venugopal Buvaneshwaran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Industry competition shocks are major drivers of mergers and acquisitions (M&A). We document strong positive effects of competition shocks on M&A-related covenant redesign. Acquiring firms in high-competition environments are significantly more likely to undertake tender offer bond repurchases and reduce restrictions on mergers, investments, payouts, and financing, but increase change-in-control covenants. This effect is stronger for larger, more profitable firms. Moreover, announcement returns from M&A transactions of redesigning firms in more competitive settings are significantly higher, while acquisition deal premiums are lower. Our study shows the significant effect of industry competition shocks on debt recontracting in M&A. (JEL G32, G34)
Regulating Carry Trades: Evidence from Foreign Currency Borrowing of Corporations in India
Authors: Acharya Viral V , Vij Siddharth 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We establish that macroprudential controls limiting capital flows can curb risks arising from foreign currency borrowing by corporates in emerging markets. Firm-level data show that Indian firms tend to issue more foreign currency debt when the interest rate differential between India and the U.S. is higher. This “carry trade” relationship, however, breaks down once regulators institute more stringent interest rate caps on borrowing; in response, riskier borrowers cut issuance most. Prior to adoption of this macroprudential measure, stock price exposure of issuers to currency risk rises after issuance, as witnessed during the “taper tantrum” episode of 2013; this source of vulnerability is nullified by the measure, as confirmed during the October 2018 oil price shock and the COVID-19 outbreak. We find no evidence of the policy’s efficacy being undermined by leakage or regulatory arbitrage.
Numerical and experimental study on the aerodynamic noise characteristics of 600-km/h high-speed maglev trains
Authors: Guo Haixia , Fu Shanqiang , Liu Jiali 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
High-speed maglev trains represent a new mode of transportation; however, their 600-km/h travelling speed causes serious aerodynamic noise problems, with very little research on the aerodynamic noise of such trains. To clarify the aerodynamic noise source and radiation characteristics of high-speed maglev trains, both large eddy simulations and wind tunnel experiments with a 1:8 scale three-train model were conducted to obtain the aerodynamic noise source spectrum and spatial distribution characteristics of the maglev train at different speeds; the contribution of the dipole noise source was also analysed. The results revealed that the train shape has a significant impact on the frequency distribution of the far-field aerodynamic noise below 1 kHz, with the highest sound power concentrated on the train head, especially in the areas around the track joint and streamlined sections. The surface dipole sound source energy increases linearly with speed and is mainly distributed at the bottom of the train head and tail train body. A short-streamlined train exhibited the highest ratio, especially in the trailing edge area, up to 1.42 × 1011 dB. The far-field sound pressure level of the short-streamlined maglev train is significantly higher, with a maximum difference of about 10 dBA. The distribution pattern of the far-field sound pressure level is influenced by the train type, reflected in the tail train and wake area. Different frequency intervals have different relationships between the acoustic pressure level and frequency; long-streamlined models may enhance broadband features in the sound field distribution of high-speed maglev trains. These findings could be used to guide the aero-acoustic design of maglev trains with a designed speed of 600 km/h.
Social Determinants of Health in Diverticulitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Ueland Thomas E. , Vimalathas Praveen , Sweeting Raeshell S. , Shroder Megan M. , Younan Samuel A. , Hawkins Alexander T. 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
There is growing interest in social determinants of health for surgical populations. Within diverticulitis, no systematic collation of available evidence has been performed.

OBJECTIVE:
To assess frequency, variety, and association directions for social determinants of health in colonic diverticular disease.

DATA SOURCES:
Four electronic databases were queried: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science.

STUDY SELECTION:
Included studies reported symptomatic left-sided colonic diverticular disease with respect to a social determinant of health according to the Healthy People 2030 initiative or applicable proxy variable. Studies with non-English full text, cohort size less than 50, pediatric cohorts, and exclusively non–left-sided disease were excluded.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
Quality assessment using the modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, frequency of variables reported, and effect size trends for common comparisons.

RESULTS:
Among 50 included studies, 40 were good and 10 were fair in quality. Social determinants of health in diverticulitis were identified across economic stability, education access and quality, health care access and quality, neighborhood and built environment, and social and community context domains. The 2 most common variables were self-reported race and ethnicity (n = 33) and insurance (n = 22). Among 18 unique studies reporting comparisons of White versus any other self-reported race and ethnicity, 12 identified a disparity disadvantaging non-White groups with effect sizes (95% CI ranging from 1.23 [1.10–1.37] to 5.35 [1.32–21.61]). Among 15 unique studies reporting a nonprivate versus private insurance comparison, 9 identified nonprivate insurance as a risk factor with effect sizes (95% CIs) ranging from 1.15 (1.02–1.29) to 3.83 (3.01–4.87).

LIMITATIONS:
Retrospective studies, heterogeneity across cohorts, and variable definitions.

CONCLUSIONS:
Social determinants of health domains are associated with a variety of diverticulitis outcomes. Additional studies are needed to address infrequently reported domains and identify optimal strategies for intervening in clinical settings.

PROSPERO ID:
CRD42023422606
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta Spectrum: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: AbdelAziz Suzi , El-Goly Nour A. , Maged Ahmed M. , Bassiouny Nehal , El-Demiry Nihal , Shamel Ahmed 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing placenta accreta spectrum (PAS).

Methods:
We conducted a comprehensive literature search from database inception to November 2023 using terms such as placenta creta, increta, percreta, PAS, MRI, and their respective Medical Subject Headings terms. All prospective and retrospective cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional studies involving prenatal magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of PAS with subsequent pathological confirmation were included.

Results:
A total of 40 studies encompassing 3664 women met the inclusion criteria, with 1894 cases confirmed pathologically as PAS. The overall sensitivity of MRI was 0.867 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.807–0.910), and the specificity was 0.860 (95% CI: 0.799–0.905), with a correlation of 0.693 between sensitivity and specificity. The estimated odds ratio was 28.693 (95% CI: 14.463–56.924), the negative likelihood ratio was 0.178 (95% CI: 0.122–0.258), and the positive likelihood ratio was 4.316 (95% CI: 3.186–5.846). Analysis of individual MRI criteria revealed estimates of sensitivity, specificity, odds ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and positive likelihood ratio for abnormal placental bed vascularization as 0.500, 0.740, 2.788, 0.571, and 1.645 respectively; 0.384, 0.985, 6.270, 0.471, and 2.720 for bladder wall interruption; 0.766, 0.818, 13.638, 0.262, and 3.375 for the presence of dark intraplacental bands; 0.691, 0.913, 10.828, 0.352, and 3.361 for heterogeneous placenta; 0.688, 0.984, 34.886, 0.254, and 7.164 for indistinctive myometrium; 0.757, 0.864, 8.496, 0.362, and 2.778 for loss of retroplacental dark zone; 0.828, 0.593, 5.829, 0.329, and 1.766 for myometrial thinning; and 0.518, 0.916, 9.473, 0.411, and 3.526 for placental bulge, respectively.

Conclusion:
MRI demonstrates significant utility in diagnosing PAS and its severity. It is recommended for use in all cases with inconclusive ultrasonographic findings.

Registration:
Registration number CRD42021267501.
Multiple primary malignancies: sequential development of Ewing sarcoma and carcinoid tumor in a single patient
Authors: Ali Huzafa , Adhikari Dipendra , Noor Azka , Abbas Husnain , Saqib Huzaifa , Siddiqa Ayesha , Khan Amna , Naeem Nayab 
Published: September 2024

Introduction and importance:
Multiple primary malignancies (MPMs) involve two or more distinct primary cancers in one individual, either simultaneously or at different times. The incidence of MPMs is rising due to advancements in cancer detection, improved survival rates, and long-term treatment effects. This case report, likely the first of its kind, highlights a rare instance of a 30-year-old female developing a carcinoid tumor 5 years after Ewing sarcoma, emphasizing the need for vigilant monitoring of cancer survivors.

Case presentation:
A 30-year-old female with a history of Ewing Sarcoma diagnosed 5 years prior, initially presenting with a vascular, hard mass on her right shoulder, underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgical excision. She recently presented with high-grade fever, cough, weight loss, and severe chest pain. Imaging and biopsy confirmed a high-grade carcinoid tumor. Histopathology showed positive markers for Synaptophysin, CD56, and Chromogranin, with a Ki-67 index of 30–40%. The patient passed away after one cycle of chemotherapy.

Clinical discussion:
Diagnosing and managing MPMs is challenging due to the complexity of distinguishing primary tumors from metastases. This case fits the Warren and Gates’ criteria for MPMs. This case confirmed Ewing sarcoma and atypical carcinoid tumor as distinct primary malignancies. Delayed diagnosis worsens outcomes, especially for aggressive atypical carcinoids. This case underscores the importance of thorough diagnostics, long-term follow-up, and improved healthcare infrastructure.

Conclusion:
This case report emphasizes the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, regular follow-ups, and timely detection for effective management of MPMs.
Prevalence, impact and associated factors of abnormal preoperative investigation result in patients undergoing surgery in Dilla University referral hospital: cross-sectional study
Authors: Tesfaye Adamu , Mesfine Robel , Bekele Zenebe , Mesgebu Gemechu 
Published: September 2024

Background:
As one domain of preoperative assessment, preoperative investigations are often ordered to evaluate patient’s medical condition for risk stratification and assessing patient status to undergoing surgery. Despite the fact that laboratory testing can assist in ensuring the best possible preoperative condition, routine screening examinations have a number of drawbacks. Although there are evidence-based recommendations for which investigations should be done, the tradition of routine preoperative testing is still prevalent and clinical practice with abnormal results detected varies.

Method:
Institution-based cross-sectional study design was conducted from 1 November to January at Dilla University Referral Hospital. Data was collected from complete pre-anaesthesia check-up sheets, investigations already done. It was collected at the individual level by using, closed-ended self-guided questionnaire. The collected data was entered, cleaned, edited and checked using SPSS version 26 for data processing and analysis. Logistic regression was performed to examine the impacts of abnormal preoperative investigation results and summarised by using tables and figures. An Adjusted odds ratio with 95% CI was computed to determine the level of significance.

Result:
Data of 208 patients (65.9 female) with mean±standard deviation age 30.83±15.340 years and 22.59±2.99 BMI were analysed. Patients were mostly American Society of Anaesthesiologists I and II underwent National Institute of Clinical and Health Excellence Grade 2 surgeries and surgical shape class 3. Totally, 178 (44.5%) test results were abnormal. CBC is the most detected abnormal result. Only 15 (3.75%) abnormalities had an impact in terms of delay, further investigations, and surgical technique. Comorbidity (AOR 7.982, 95% CI, P=0.041), medication history (AOR 1.463, 95% CI, P=0.013), ASA physical status II (AOR 3.287, 95% CI, P=0.029) and history of smoking (AOR 1.577, 95% CI, P=0.049) were factors which was significantly associated with abnormal preoperative investigation result.

Conclusion:
Only 0.6% of all tests had a significant impact in terms of changing perioperative anaesthetic management. The significant impact of abnormal investigation result noticed was delayed surgery