bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Hydrologic Characteristics for Ungauged Catchments to Support Hydroecological Modeling
Authors: Bond Nick R. , Kennard Mark J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHydrologic variability is a fundamental driver of ecological processes and species distribution patterns within river systems, yet the paucity of gauges in many catchments means that streamflow data are often unavailable for ecological survey sites. Filling this data gap is an important challenge in hydroecological research. To address this gap, we first test the ability to spatially extrapolate hydrologic metrics calculated from gauged streamflow data to ungauged sites as a function of stream distance and catchment area. Second, we examine the ability of statistical models to predict flow regime metrics based on climate and catchment physiographic variables. Our assessment focused on Australia's largest catchment, the Murray‐Darling Basin (MDB). We found that hydrologic metrics were predictable only between sites within ∼25 km of one another. Beyond this, correlations between sites declined quickly. We found less than 40% of fish survey sites from a recent basin‐wide monitoring program (n = 777 sites) to fall within this 25 km range, thereby greatly limiting the ability to utilize gauge data for direct spatial transposition of hydrologic metrics to biological survey sites. In contrast, statistical model‐based transposition proved effective in predicting ecologically relevant aspects of the flow regime (including metrics describing central tendency, high‐ and low‐flows intermittency, seasonality, and variability) across the entire gauge network (median R2 ∼ 0.54, range 0.39–0.94). Modeled hydrologic metrics thus offer a useful alternative to empirical data when examining biological survey data from ungauged sites. More widespread use of these statistical tools and modeled metrics could expand our understanding of flow‐ecology relationships.
A Goal‐Activation Framework of True and False Intentions
Authors: Mac Giolla Erik , Granhag Pär Anders , Ask Karl 
Published: October 2017

SummaryWe propose a novel cognitive framework to distinguish between statements of true and false intent based on research on goal‐directed behaviour. A true intention comes with a commitment to carry out the stated intention. This commitment activates the behavioural goal of a true intention. In contrast, a false intention does not come with a commitment to carry out the stated intention. Hence, the behavioural goal of a stated false intention should be inactive. Active goals have profound and predictable influences on human behaviour. For instance, active goals influence planning, future thought and evaluations. Such influences are functional—they aid in goal attainment. Insofar as true intentions activate goals, but false intentions do not, the expected influences of active goals should be weaker or non‐existent for those stating a false intention. The framework parsimoniously accounts for previous intention‐focused deception studies while generating new directions for future research.Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prognostic Significance of Cavitary Lung Nodules in Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis (Wegener's): A Clinical Imaging Study of 225 Patients
Authors: Russell Bailey , Mohan Sindu , Chahal Rachandeep , Carette Simon , Pagnoux Christian 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveGranulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener's) (GPA) is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis in which pulmonary nodules are a common manifestation. Our study examined whether pulmonary nodules, and nodule type (solid versus cavitary), are associated with different disease manifestations and outcomes.MethodsDemographic, clinical, biologic, and radiologic data at diagnosis and during followup and treatments of GPA patients followed at the Mount Sinai Hospital (Canada) Vasculitis Clinic were analyzed. Patients were separated by the absence of lung nodules, presence of solid nodules only, and presence of cavitary nodules (+/− solid nodules). The study outcomes included followup lung imaging, relapses, and deaths.ResultsOf 225 patients with GPA, 46 had solid nodules only and 44 had cavitary nodules at diagnosis. Demographic and clinical manifestations were similar in the patient subgroups at diagnosis. Cyclophosphamide (CYC) was used for induction after diagnosis in 76.7% of patients with cavitary nodules, compared with 64.7% of patients without nodules and 51.1% of patients with solid nodules (P = 0.04). The mean ± SD followup after diagnosis was 106.6 ± 92.6 months, and 6 of the patients died. In multivariable analysis, diagnosis before 2000 or pulmonary nodule cavitation at diagnosis were associated with relapse, with a hazard ratio of 0.38 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.22–0.65; P < 0.001) and 1.53 (95% CI 1.00–2.33; P = 0.05), respectively, after adjustment for CYC use.ConclusionThe presence of cavitary nodules led to increased use of CYC but had no impact on survival. Relapse occurred more often, however, in patients with cavitary nodules than in those with solid nodules or no nodules, and should be studied in other cohorts.
Association Between Anti–Citrullinated Fibrinogen Antibodies and Coronary Artery Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Hejblum Boris P. , Cui Jing , Lahey Lauren J. , Cagan Andrew , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Sokolove Jeremy , Cai Tianxi , Liao Katherine P. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveAntibodies against citrullinated fibrinogen (anti–Cit‐fibrinogen) have been implicated in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and associated with cardiovascular risk in RA. The objective of this study was to examine the association between anti–Cit‐fibrinogens and coronary artery disease (CAD) outcomes.MethodsWe performed the study in an RA cohort based in a large academic institution linked with electronic medical record data containing information on CAD outcomes from medical record review. Using a published bead‐based assay method, we measured 10 types of anti–Cit‐fibrinogens. We applied a score test to determine the association between the anti–Cit‐fibrinogens as a group with CAD outcomes. Principal components analysis (PCA) was performed to assess whether the anti–Cit‐fibrinogens clustered into groups. Each group was then additionally tested for association with CAD. Sensitivity analyses were also performed using a published International Classification of Disease, Ninth Revision code group for ischemic heart disease (IHD) as the outcome.ResultsWe studied 1,006 RA subjects (mean ± SD age 61.0 ± 13.0 years; 72.2% anti–cyclic citrullinated peptide positive). As a group, anti–Cit‐fibrinogen was associated with CAD (P = 1.1 × 10−4). From the PCA analysis, we observed 3 main groups, of which only 1 group, containing 7 of the 10 anti–Cit‐fibrinogens, was significantly associated with CAD outcomes (P = 0.015). In the sensitivity analysis, all anti–Cit‐fibrinogens as a group remained significantly associated with IHD (P = 2.9 × 10−4).ConclusionAnti–Cit‐fibrinogen antibodies as a group were associated with CAD outcomes in our RA cohort, with the strongest signal for association arising from a subset of the autoantibodies.
Boosting the Charge Transport Property of Indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐6,12‐dione though Incorporation of Sulfur‐ or Nitrogen‐Linked Side Chains
Authors: Fan Zhi‐Ping , Li Xiang‐Yang , Luo Xiao‐E. , Fei Xian , Sun Bing , Chen Li‐Chuan , Shi Zi‐Fa , Sun Chun‐Lin , Shao Xiangfeng , Zhang Hao‐Li 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAlkyl chains are basic units in the design of organic semiconductors for purposes of enhancing solubility, tuning electronic energy levels, and tailoring molecular packing. This work demonstrates that the carrier mobilities of indeno[1,2‐b]fluorene‐6,12‐dione (IFD)‐based semiconductors can be dramatically enhanced by the incorporation of sulfur‐ or nitrogen‐linked side chains. Three IFD derivatives possessing butyl, butylthio, and dibutylamino substituents are synthesized, and their organic field‐effect transistors (OFET) are fabricated and characterized. The IFD possessing butyl substituents exhibits a very poor charge transport property with mobility lower than 10−7 cm2 V−1 s−1. In contrast, the hole mobility is dramatically increased to 1.03 cm2 V−1 s−1 by replacing the butyl units with dibutylamino groups (DBA‐IFD), while the butylthio‐modified IFD (BT‐IFD) derivative exhibits a high and balanced ambipolar charge transport property with the maximum hole and electron mobilities up to 0.71 and 0.65 cm2 V−1 s−1, respectively. Moreover, the complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor‐like inverters incorporated with the ambipolar OFETs shows sharp inversions with a maximum gain value up to 173. This work reveals that modification of the aromatic core with heteroatom‐linked side chains, such as alkylthio or dialkylamino, can be an efficient strategy for the design of high‐performance organic semiconductors.
High‐Efficiency Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Small Efficiency Roll‐Off: A Combined Design from Emitters to Devices
Authors: Xue Jie , Liang Qingxin , Zhang Yunge , Zhang Ruoyun , Duan Lian , Qiao Juan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe simultaneous realization of high quantum yield and exciton utilizing efficiency (ηr) is still a formidable challenge in near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent organic light‐emitting diodes (FOLEDs). Here, to achieve a high quantum yield, a novel NIR dye, 4,9‐bis(4‐(diphenylamino)phenyl)‐naphtho[2,3‐c][1,2,5]selenadiazole, is designed and synthesized with a large highest occupied molecular orbital/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital overlap and an aggregation‐induced emission property, which demonstrates a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 27% at 743 nm in toluene and 29% at 723 nm in a blend film. For a high ηr, an orange‐emitting thermally activated delayed fluorescent material, 1,2‐bis(9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine)‐4,5‐dicyanobenzene, is chosen as the sensitizing host to harvest triplet excitons in devices. The optimized devices achieve a good ηrof 45.7% and a high external quantum efficiency up to 2.65% at 730 nm, with a very small efficiency roll‐off of 2.41% at 200 mA cm−2, which are among the most efficient values for NIR‐FOLEDs over 700 nm. The effective utilization of triplet excitons via the thermally activated delayed fluorescence‐sensitizing host will pave a way to realize high‐efficiency NIR‐FOLEDs with small efficiency roll‐off.
High‐Performance Flexible Photodetectors based on High‐Quality Perovskite Thin Films by a Vapor–Solution Method
Authors: Hu Wei , Huang Wei , Yang Shuzhen , Wang Xiao , Jiang Zhenyu , Zhu Xiaoli , Zhou Hong , Liu Hongjun , Zhang Qinglin , Zhuang Xiujuan , Yang Junliang , Kim Dong Ha , Pan Anlian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOrganometal halide perovskites are new light‐harvesting materials for lightweight and flexible optoelectronic devices due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and low‐temperature process capability. However, the preparation of high‐quality perovskite films on flexible substrates has still been a great challenge to date. Here, a novel vapor–solution method is developed to achieve uniform and pinhole‐free organometal halide perovskite films on flexible indium tin oxide/poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrates. Based on the as‐prepared high‐quality perovskite thin films, high‐performance flexible photodetectors (PDs) are constructed, which display a nR value of 81 A W−1 at a low working voltage of 1 V, three orders higher than that of previously reported flexible perovskite thin‐film PDs. In addition, these flexible PDs exhibit excellent flexural stability and durability under various bending situations with their optoelectronic performance well retained. This breakthrough on the growth of high‐quality perovskite thin films opens up a new avenue to develop high‐performance flexible optoelectronic devices.
Rational In Silico Design of an Organic Semiconductor with Improved Electron Mobility
Authors: Friederich Pascal , Gómez Verónica , Sprau Christian , Meded Velimir , Strunk Timo , Jenne Michael , Magri Andrea , Symalla Franz , Colsmann Alexander , Ruben Mario , Wenzel Wolfgang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractOrganic semiconductors find a wide range of applications, such as in organic light emitting diodes, organic solar cells, and organic field effect transistors. One of their most striking disadvantages in comparison to crystalline inorganic semiconductors is their low charge‐carrier mobility, which manifests itself in major device constraints such as limited photoactive layer thicknesses. Trial‐and‐error attempts to increase charge‐carrier mobility are impeded by the complex interplay of the molecular and electronic structure of the material with its morphology. Here, the viability of a multiscale simulation approach to rationally design materials with improved electron mobility is demonstrated. Starting from one of the most widely used electron conducting materials (Alq3), novel organic semiconductors with tailored electronic properties are designed for which an improvement of the electron mobility by three orders of magnitude is predicted and experimentally confirmed.
Wrinkled 2D Materials: A Versatile Platform for Low‐Threshold Stretchable Random Lasers
Authors: Hu Han‐Wen , Haider Golam , Liao Yu‐Ming , Roy Pradip Kumar , Ravindranath Rini , Chang Huan‐Tsung , Lu Cheng‐Hsin , Tseng Chang‐Yang , Lin Tai‐Yung , Shih Wei‐Heng , Chen Yang‐Fang 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA stretchable, flexible, and bendable random laser system capable of lasing in a wide range of spectrum will have many potential applications in next‐ generation technologies, such as visible‐spectrum communication, superbright solid‐state lighting, biomedical studies, fluorescence, etc. However, producing an appropriate cavity for such a wide spectral range remains a challenge owing to the rigidity of the resonator for the generation of coherent loops. 2D materials with wrinkled structures exhibit superior advantages of high stretchability and a suitable matrix for photon trapping in between the hill and valley geometries compared to their flat counterparts. Here, the intriguing functionalities of wrinkled reduced graphene oxide, single‐layer graphene, and few‐layer hexagonal boron nitride, respectively, are utilized to design highly stretchable and wearable random laser devices with ultralow threshold. Using methyl‐ammonium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals (PNC) to illustrate the working principle, the lasing threshold is found to be ≈10 µJ cm−2, about two times less than the lowest value ever reported. In addition to PNC, it is demonstrated that the output lasing wavelength can be tuned using different active materials such as semiconductor quantum dots. Thus, this study is very useful for the future development of high‐performance wearable optoelectronic devices.
Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon‐epoxy coupons with embedded ceramic sensors
Authors: Torres Mauricio , Tellez Ricardo A. , Hernández Hilario , Camps Thierry 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study analyses the mechanical and crack growth behavior of woven carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CPRF) with embedded ceramic sensors. The material studied here is 3K‐70‐P carbon fiber plain weave with EPOLAM 2015® epoxy resin. The composite is manufactured with vacuum bagging procedure. Later on, the composite Mode I interlaminar fracture toughness (GIC) is calculated by means of double cantilever beam tests (DCB) for two layout configurations [0/90] and [±45] with and without embedded sensors. Results give an initial approach of the fracture behavior of an instrumented composite facing an interlaminar crack. The interlaminar fracture toughness for the instrumented specimens is lower compared to the noninstrumented coupons. The presence of the sensor and its wire connection has a considerable impact on the damage tolerance of the woven composite, where the sensors surroundings seem to be the more likely region to be affected by an interlaminar fracture.
Fabrication of Hybrid Silicate Coatings by a Simple Vapor Deposition Method for Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Fang , Xiao Qiangfeng , Wu Hao Bin , Shen Li , Xu Duo , Cai Mei , Lu Yunfeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractLithium metal anodes are highly promising for next‐generation rechargeable batteries. However, implication of lithium metal anodes is hampered by the unstable electrochemical behavior. Herein, the fabrication of hermetic coatings of hybrid silicate on lithium metal surface using a simple vapor deposition technique under the ambient condition is reported. Such coatings consist of a “hard” inorganic moiety that helps to suppress lithium dendrites and a “soft” organic moiety that enhances the toughness. Lithium metal batteries, including Li–LiFePO4 and Li–S batteries, made with such coated anodes show significantly improved lifetime. This work provides a simple yet effective approach to stabilize lithium metal anodes for high‐performance lithium metal batteries.
The impact of practice guidelines on opioid utilization for injured workers
Authors: Buttorff Christine , Trujillo Antonio J. , Castillo Renan , Vecino‐Ortiz Andres I. , Anderson Gerard F. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundOpioid use is rising in the US and may cause special problems in workers compensation cases, including addiction and preventing a return to work after an injury.ObjectiveThis study evaluates a physician‐level intervention to curb opioid usage. An insurer identified patients with out‐of‐guideline opioid utilization and called the prescribing physician to discuss the patient's treatment protocol.Research DesignThis study uses a differences‐in‐differences study design with a propensity‐score‐matched control group. Medical and pharmaceutical claims data from 2005 to 2011 were used for analyses.ResultsFollowing the intervention, the use of opioids increased for the intervention group and there is little impact on medical spending.ConclusionsCounseling physicians about patients with high opioid utilization may focus more attention on their care, but did not impact short‐term outcomes. More robust interventions may be needed to manage opioid use.PerspectiveWhile the increasing use of opioids is of growing concern around the world, curbing the utilization of these powerfully addictive narcotics has proved elusive. This study examines a prescribing guidelines intervention designed to reduce the prescription of opioids following an injury. The study finds that there was little change in the opioid utilization after the intervention, suggesting interventions along other parts of the prescribing pathway may be needed.
Generalized Self‐Doping Engineering towards Ultrathin and Large‐Sized Two‐Dimensional Homologous Perovskites
Authors: Chen Junnian , Wang Yaguang , Gan Lin , He Yunbin , Li Huiqiao , Zhai Tianyou 
Published: October 2017

AbstractTwo‐dimensional (2D) homologous perovskites are arousing intense interest in photovoltaics and light‐emitting fields, attributing to significantly improved stability and increasing optoelectronic performance. However, investigations on 2D homologous perovskites with ultrathin thickness and large lateral dimension have been seldom reported, being mainly hindered by challenges in synthesis. A generalized self‐doping directed synthesis of ultrathin 2D homologous (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnBr3n+1 (1<n<∞) perovskites uses 2D (BA)2PbBr4 perovskites as the template with MA+ dopant. Ultrathin (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnBr3n+1 perovskites are formed via an intercalation–merging mechanism, with thickness shrinking down to 4.2 nm and the lateral dimension to 57 μm. The ultrathin 2D homologous (BA)2(MA)n−1PbnBr3n+1 perovskites are potential materials for photodetectors with promising photoresponse and stability.
Breaking the Limits in Analyzing Carbohydrate Recognition by NMR Spectroscopy: Resolving Branch‐Selective Interaction of a Tetra‐Antennary N‐Glycan with Lectins
Authors: Canales Angeles , Boos Irene , Perkams Lukas , Karst Lukas , Luber Thomas , Karagiannis Theodoros , Domínguez Gemma , Cañada F. Javier , Pérez‐Castells Javier , Häussinger Daniel , Unverzagt Carlo , Jiménez‐Barbero Jesus 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe biological recognition of complex‐type N‐glycans is part of many key physiological and pathological events. Despite their importance, the structural characterization of these events remains unsolved. The inherent flexibility of N‐glycans hampers crystallization and the chemical equivalence of individual branches precludes their NMR characterization. By using a chemoenzymatically synthesized tetra‐antennary N‐glycan conjugated to a lanthanide binding tag, the NMR signals under paramagnetic conditions discriminated all four N‐acetyl lactosamine antennae with unprecedented resolution. The NMR data revealed the conformation of the N‐glycan and permitted for the first time the direct identification of individual branches involved in the recognition by two N‐acetyllactosamine‐binding lectins, Datura stramonium seed lectin (DSL) and Ricinus Communis agglutinin (RCA120).
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Chlorides and Triflates Using Butyronitrile: Merging Retro‐hydrocyanation with Cross‐Coupling
Authors: Yu Peng , Morandi Bill 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe describe a nickel‐catalyzed cyanation reaction of aryl (pseudo)halides that employs butyronitrile as a cyanating reagent instead of highly toxic cyanide salts. A dual catalytic cycle merging retro‐hydrocyanation and cross‐coupling enables the conversion of a broad array of aryl chlorides and aryl/vinyl triflates into their corresponding nitriles. This new reaction provides a strategically distinct approach to the safe preparation of aryl cyanides, which are essential compounds in agrochemistry and medicinal chemistry.
Single‐Molecule Monitoring of the Structural Switching Dynamics of Nucleic Acids through Controlling Fluorescence Blinking
Authors: Kawai Kiyohiko , Miyata Takafumi , Shimada Naohiko , Ito Syoji , Miyasaka Hiroshi , Maruyama Atsushi 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSingle‐molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (smFRET) is a powerful tool to investigate the dynamics of biomolecular events in real time. However, it requires two fluorophores and can be applied only to dynamics that accompany large changes in distance between the molecules. Herein, we introduce a method for kinetic analysis based on control of fluorescence blinking (KACB), a general approach to investigate the dynamics of biomolecules by using a single fluorophore. By controlling the kinetics of the redox reaction the blinking kinetics or pattern can be controlled to be affected by microenvironmental changes around a fluorophore (rKACB), thereby enabling real‐time single‐molecule measurement of the structure‐changing dynamics of nucleic acids.
Comparison of mechanical properties of heat‐polymerized acrylic resin with silver nanoparticles added at different concentrations and sizes
Authors: Oyar Perihan , Asghari Sana Farzin , Durkan Rukiye 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) incorporation on the flexural strength (FS) of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). PMMA specimens (65 mm × 10 mm × 3.3 mm for flexural test, 50 mm × 6 mm × 4 mm for impact test) containing different sizes (40, 50, 60 nm) and concentrations (0.05%, 0.2%) of AgNPs were prepared, along with a control group with no AgNP. Impact strength (IS) and FS of all specimens were measured, and one‐way ANOVA and Tukey–Kramer post hoc multiple comparisons tests were used to identify any statistical differences between groups. The addition of AgNPs has no effect on IS of PMMA. The incorporation of AgNPs affected the FS of PMMA depending on the concentration of nanoparticles. The addition of large‐sized nanoparticles to PMMA increases its FS. Accordingly, adding AgNP with proper concentrations to PMMA may enhance the mechanical properties of denture bases used in clinical practice. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 45807.