bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diverging Dual Intramedullary Kirschner Wire Technique for Arthrodesis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in Hammertoe Correction
Authors: Hood Christopher R. , Blacklidge Douglas K. , Hoffman Scott M. 
Published: April 2016

Digital arthrodesis is one of the most common surgical procedures performed by the foot and ankle surgeon. The market offers a variety of devices available to the surgeon to accomplish solid, permanent, and safe fusion for the patient. However, with these new devices come high surgical costs, adding to the burden on the already strapped health care system. We offer a simple technique updating the way in which a Kirschner wire is utilized for interphalangeal digital arthrodesis that employs the benefits of the newer implantable devices at a fraction of the cost. Two Kirschner wires are buried in a slightly diverging pattern to increase rotational stability while adding slight compression across the fusion site. In this article, we explain the technique and present a case example of its implementation. Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level V: Expert opinion
Return to Sports After Bone Marrow–Derived Cell Transplantation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Vannini Francesca , Cavallo Marco , Ramponi Laura , Castagnini Francesco , Massimi Simone , Giannini Sandro , Buda Roberto Emanuele 
Published: April 2016

Objective Arthroscopic “one-step” technique based on bone marrow–derived cell transplantation (BMDCT) have achieved good results in repairing osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT), overcoming important drawbacks of older techniques. It may be particularly adequate for the treatment of athletes in order to permit a safe and stable return to sports. The aim of this study was to report the results at 48 months of a series of athletes and the factors influencing the return to sports. Design Case series. A total of 140 athletes underwent a “one-step” BMDCT repair of OLT. All the patients had the cells harvested from the iliac crest, condensed and loaded on a scaffold, and then implanted. Patients were evaluated clinically by the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores and Halasi score. Results AOFAS score improved from 58.7 ± 13.5 preoperatively to 90.6 ± 8.6 ( P < 0.005) at 24 months, and to 90.9 ± 10.7 at 48 months. Halasi score was 6.88 ± 1.8 preinjury, 4.08 ± 1.7 preoperatively, and 5.56 ± 2.0 at final follow-up. At the final follow-up, all the patients (beside 1 failure and 3 lost) were able to return to activity and 72.8% were able to resume sports at preinjury level. Conclusions “One-step” BMDCT repair of OLT had good clinical results that was durable over time in athletes, permitting a return to sports at preinjury level in the majority of patients. The preoperative presence of impingement and articular degeneration were the main negative prognostic factors.
Correlates of Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence among HIV-Infected Older Adults
Authors: McCoy Katryna , Waldrop-Valverde Drenna , Balderson Benjamin H. , Mahoney Christine , Catz Sheryl 
Published: April 2016

Background: Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART), HIV-infected older African Americans experience higher mortality rates compared to their white counterparts. This disparity may be partly attributable to the differences in ART adherence by different racial and gender groups. The purpose of this study was to describe demographic, psychosocial, and HIV disease-related factors that influence ART adherence and to determine whether race and gender impact ART adherence among HIV-infected adults aged 50 years and older. Methods: This descriptive study involved a secondary analysis of baseline data from 426 participants in “PRIME,” a telephone-based ART adherence and quality-of-life intervention trial. Logistic regression was used to examine the association between independent variables and ART adherence. Results: Higher annual income and increased self-efficacy were associated with being ≥95% ART adherent. Race and gender were not associated with ART adherence. Conclusion: These findings indicated that improvements in self-efficacy for taking ART may be an effective strategy to improve adherence regardless of race or gender.
The Impact of Customer Behaviour on the Business Organization in the Multichannel Context (Retail)
Authors: Grimonpont Beatrice 
Published: April 2016

In this article, we will show how quicker technology adoption by consumers and Web 2.0 led to a paradigm shift between consumers and brands, giving the consumer a new integrated role in the business model. We will see how the use of new technologies influenced consumers’ expectations and behaviour and how/why it could emphasize their search for greater (and new) value. We want to point out that although it may be obvious that channel consistency is now a necessity, it cannot consist solely on ‘window dressing’ but also requires an entire customer focus among all services of companies. In this perspective, we will question why customer relationship management (CRM) alone cannot be the answer. Although research has shown for some time, now that fully cross-functional organizations and involvement of all stakeholders in the companies’ value creation is a key for success, many companies are still struggling to achieve an appropriate integration and remain silo based. Finally, it is our intention to raise awareness that value creation is not just for customers. It can only be truly successful when that value is also created for, with and by all company employees. This is the challenge of traditionally silo-organized enterprises, with their competing or overlapping roles and responsibilities. It, thus, becomes imperative that organizations evolve towards more cross-functional activities, with the full involvement of all stakeholders in the value chain.
Sustainability in Project Management. Governance and Integration of the P5 Standard
Authors: �������  , Joel B. Carboni 
Published: April 2016

In 2012, The Rio+20 United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development
centered on the notion that sustainable development is dependent
upon both public and private sectors being fully engaged by leveraging
frameworks that support the advancement of sustainable development initiatives,
taking into account the importance of corporate social responsibility
(Rio, 2012).
With the United Nations Millennium Development Goals set to expire in
2015, giving way to the Post-2015 Engagement Architecture, a framework
that is expected to establish priorities and strategies for the next era.
Project management is uniquely positioned to drive these efforts through
both governance and use. This paper focuses on the key integration points
for sustainability to project governance and methods using the GPM P5
Standard for People, Planet, Profit, Project Products and Processes.
P5 provides for useful benchmarking across industry and fundamentally
helps organizations demonstrate the reality of their commitment to sustainability
by allowing stakeholders to better understand the organization�s contribution
to sustainable development.
Emotion understanding of Turkish preschoolers and maternal emotional socialization
Authors: Kılıç Şükran , Aytar Abide Güngör 
Published: April 2016

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between emotion understanding and maternal emotional socialization responses to children's negative emotions. Emotion understanding was also investigated according to children's age and gender. The participants included 210 Turkish children and their mothers living in Ankara, Turkey. All children were recruited from kindergartens and all of them were between 48-72 month-olds. To gather data, Affect Knowledge Test (AKT) and Coping with Children’s Negative Emotions Scale were used. Confirmayory Factor Analysis was performed for construct validity for AKT. Pearson correlation coefficients, ANOVA and posthoc tests were conducted. In this study, no relations were established between emotion understanding and the maternal emotional responses to children's negative emotions. It also has been revealed that 72 month-olds had better emotion understanding skills and emotion understanding did not change according to children's gender. It may be useful to include other important predictors of children’s social and emotional competence and paternal responses for future studies.
Stability and Experimental Comparison of Prototypical Iterative Schemes for Total Variation Regularized Problems
Authors: Bartels Sören , Milicevic Marijo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractVarious iterative methods are available for the approximate solution of non-smooth minimization problems. For a popular non-smooth minimization problem arising in image processing, we discuss the suitable application of three prototypical methods and their stability. The methods are compared experimentally with a focus on choice of stopping criteria, influence of rough initial data, step sizes as well as mesh sizes. An overview of existing algorithms is given.
Talking like a servant: What nineteenth century novels can tell us about the social history of the language
Authors: Hodson Jane 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis article investigates what nineteenth-century novels can tell us about the speech of the lower orders, using the “Dialect in British Fiction 1800–1836” database to focus specifically on how the speech of servants is represented. Recent work on enregisterment has led to a resurgence of interest in literary representations of dialect in relation to specific linguistic features and varieties. I argue that a sustained engagement with literary texts has the potential to illuminate wider cultural constructs of language variation, and that to accomplish this, attention must be paid to issues of genre as well as a range of stylistic features including speech representation, metalanguage and characterisation. The article concludes that, while novels are able to tell us little about how servants really spoke, they are a rich source of information about the attitudes and assumptions that underpinned cultural concepts such as “talking like a servant”.
The Viking outgroup in early medieval English chronicles
Authors: Timofeeva Olga 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper relates diachronic change in discourse strategies of the Viking-age historical writing to political changes of the period and to communities of practice that produce these histories and chronicles. It examines the labels and stereotypes applied to the Vikings and establishes their sources and evolution by applying a fourfold chronological division of historical sources from around 800 to 1200 (based on the political developments within Anglo-Saxon history and on the manuscript history of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle). The data for the study come from both Old English and Anglo-Latin chronicles. The results are interpreted in terms of critical discourse analysis. It is demonstrated that the chroniclers employ strategies of dissimilation exploiting the notion of illegitimacy and criminality of the Viking outgroup. These strategies change over time, depending on the political situation (raiding vs. settlement vs. reconquest period) and communities of practice involved in the maintenance and dissemination of a particular political discourse.
Book Reviews 2015
Authors: Hilling Axel 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
This section contains three book reviews. First the book Swedish Taxation, Development since 1862 is reviewed. This volume comprises six studies that examine the development of Swedish taxation from 1862 to 2013, and will likely be of great value in future Nordic tax research because of its comprehensiveness. The second review is about a book written in Swedish:Momsfri sjukvård (The VAT exemption for health care). This volume discusses a topical issue and presents convincing recommendations for changes in the Swedish VAT legislation. Finally, the Danish book International Skatteret, i et dansk perspektiv (International Tax Law, in a Danish perspective) is presented as highly recommended literature for students and practitioners in the field of international tax law. This volume discusses and illustrates general matters in international tax law, as well as specific matters relevant for Danish international tax law.
Resistive switching characteristics and mechanisms in silicon oxide memory devices
Authors: Chang Yao-Feng , Fowler Burt , Chen Ying-Chen , Zhou Fei , Wu Xiaohan , Chen Yen-Ting , Wang Yanzhen , Xue Fei , Lee Jack C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Intrinsic unipolar SiOx-based resistance random access memories (ReRAM) characterization, switching mechanisms, and applications have been investigated. Device structures, material compositions, and electrical characteristics are identified that enable ReRAM cells with high ON/OFF ratio, low static power consumption, low switching power, and high readout-margin using complementary metal-oxide semiconductor transistor (CMOS)–compatible SiOx-based materials. These ideas are combined with the use of horizontal and vertical device structure designs, composition optimization, electrical control, and external factors to help understand resistive switching (RS) mechanisms. Measured temperature effects, pulse response, and carrier transport behaviors lead to compact models of RS mechanisms and energy band diagrams in order to aid the development of computer-aided design for ultralarge-v scale integration. This chapter presents a comprehensive investigation of SiOx-based RS characteristics and mechanisms for the post-CMOS device era.
The Adaptor Protein CD2AP Is a Coordinator of Neurotrophin Signaling-Mediated Axon Arbor Plasticity
Authors: Harrison Benjamin J. , Venkat Gayathri , Lamb James L. , Hutson Tom H. , Drury Cassa , Rau Kristofer K. , Bunge Mary Barlett , Mendell Lorne M. , Gage Fred H. , Johnson Richard D. , Hill Caitlin E. , Rouchka Eric C. , Moon Lawrence D.F. , Petruska Jeffrey C. 
Published: April 2016

Growth of intact axons of noninjured neurons, often termed collateral sprouting, contributes to both adaptive and pathological plasticity in the adult nervous system, but the intracellular factors controlling this growth are largely unknown. An automated functional assay of genes regulated in sensory neurons from the ratin vivospared dermatome model of collateral sprouting identified the adaptor protein CD2-associated protein (CD2AP; human CMS) as a positive regulator of axon growth. In non-neuronal cells, CD2AP, like other adaptor proteins, functions to selectively control the spatial/temporal assembly of multiprotein complexes that transmit intracellular signals. Although CD2AP polymorphisms are associated with increased risk of late-onset Alzheimer's disease, its role in axon growth is unknown. Assessments of neurite arbor structurein vitrorevealed CD2AP overexpression, and siRNA-mediated knockdown, modulated (1) neurite length, (2) neurite complexity, and (3) growth cone filopodia number, in accordance with CD2AP expression levels. We show, for the first time, that CD2AP forms a novel multiprotein complex with the NGF receptor TrkA and the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, with the degree of TrkA:p85 association positively regulated by CD2AP levels. CD2AP also regulates NGF signaling through AKT, but not ERK, and regulates long-range signaling though TrkA+/RAB5+signaling endosomes. CD2AP mRNA and protein levels were increased in neurons during collateral sprouting but decreased following injury, suggesting that, although typically considered together, these two adult axonal growth processes are fundamentally different. These data position CD2AP as a major intracellular signaling molecule coordinating NGF signaling to regulate collateral sprouting and structural plasticity of intact adult axons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGrowth of noninjured axons in the adult nervous system contributes to adaptive and maladaptive plasticity, and dysfunction of this process may contribute to neurologic pathologies. Functional screening of genes regulated during growth of noninjured axons revealed CD2AP as a positive regulator of axon outgrowth. A novel association of CD2AP with TrkA and p85 suggests a distinct intracellular signaling pathway regulating growth of noninjured axons. This may also represent a novel mechanism of generating specificity in multifunctional NGF signaling. Divergent regulation of CD2AP in different axon growth conditions suggests that separate mechanisms exist for different modes of axon growth. CD2AP is the first signaling molecule associated with adult sensory axonal collateral sprouting, and this association may offer new insights for NGF/TrkA-related Alzheimer's disease mechanisms.
Structural Organization of the Laryngeal Motor Cortical Network and Its Implication for Evolution of Speech Production
Authors: Kumar Veena , Croxson Paula L. , Simonyan Kristina 
Published: April 2016

The laryngeal motor cortex (LMC) is essential for the production of learned vocal behaviors because bilateral damage to this area renders humans unable to speak but has no apparent effect on innate vocalizations such as human laughing and crying or monkey calls. Several hypotheses have been put forward attempting to explain the evolutionary changes from monkeys to humans that potentially led to enhanced LMC functionality for finer motor control of speech production. These views, however, remain limited to the position of the larynx area within the motor cortex, as well as its connections with the phonatory brainstem regions responsible for the direct control of laryngeal muscles. Using probabilistic diffusion tractography in healthy humans and rhesus monkeys, we show that, whereas the LMC structural network is largely comparable in both species, the LMC establishes nearly 7-fold stronger connectivity with the somatosensory and inferior parietal cortices in humans than in macaques. These findings suggest that important “hard-wired” components of the human LMC network controlling the laryngeal component of speech motor output evolved from an already existing, similar network in nonhuman primates. However, the evolution of enhanced LMC–parietal connections likely allowed for more complex synchrony of higher-order sensorimotor coordination, proprioceptive and tactile feedback, and modulation of learned voice for speech production.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe role of the primary motor cortex in the formation of a comprehensive network controlling speech and language has been long underestimated and poorly studied. Here, we provide comparative and quantitative evidence for the significance of this region in the control of a highly learned and uniquely human behavior: speech production. From the viewpoint of structural network organization, we discuss potential evolutionary advances of enhanced temporoparietal cortical connections with the laryngeal motor cortex in humans compared with nonhuman primates that may have contributed to the development of finer vocal motor control necessary for speech production.
Molecular fMRI
Authors: Bartelle Benjamin B. , Barandov Ali , Jasanoff Alan 
Published: April 2016

Comprehensive analysis of brain function depends on understanding the dynamics of diverse neural signaling processes over large tissue volumes in intact animals and humans. Most existing approaches to measuring brain signaling suffer from limited tissue penetration, poor resolution, or lack of specificity for well-defined neural events. Here we discuss a new brain activity mapping method that overcomes some of these problems by combining MRI with contrast agents sensitive to neural signaling. The goal of this “molecular fMRI” approach is to permit noninvasive whole-brain neuroimaging with specificity and resolution approaching current optical neuroimaging methods. In this article, we describe the context and need for molecular fMRI as well as the state of the technology today. We explain how major types of MRI probes work and how they can be sensitized to neurobiological processes, such as neurotransmitter release, calcium signaling, and gene expression changes. We comment both on past work in the field and on challenges and promising avenues for future development.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTBrain researchers currently have a choice between measuring neural activity using cellular-level recording techniques, such as electrophysiology and optical imaging, or whole-brain imaging methods, such as fMRI. Cellular level methods are precise but only address a small portion of mammalian brains; on the other hand, whole-brain neuroimaging techniques provide very little specificity for neural pathways or signaling components of interest. The molecular fMRI techniques we discuss have particular potential to combine the specificity of cellular-level measurements with the noninvasive whole-brain coverage of fMRI. On the other hand, molecular fMRI is only just getting off the ground. This article aims to offer a snapshot of the status and future prospects for development of molecular fMRI techniques.
Editorial
Authors: Ramírez Bacca Renzo 
Published: April 2016

<em>HiSTOReLo. Revista de Historia Regional y Local</em>, inicia su Vol. 8, No. 15 (Enero-Junio, 2016) con una de sus líneas de publicación: las revisiones historiográficas. En un contexto de nuevas y prometedoras líneas de investigación, escasamente historiada o desconocida en el ámbito colombiano, José Eduardo Gómez Enciso propone mostrar las novelas históricas colombianas escritas en los últimos 160 años.</p>
All-Cause Mortality for Diabetics or Individuals with Hyperglycemia Applying for Life Insurance
Authors: Freitas Stephen A. , MacKenzie Ross , Wylde David N. , Roudebush Bradley T. , Bergstrom Richard L. , Holowaty J. Carl , Hart Anna , Rigatti Steven J. , Gill Stacy J. 
Published: April 2016

Diabetics and individuals with lab results consistent with a diagnosis of diabetes or hyperglycemia were extracted from data covering US residents who applied for life insurance between January 2007 and January 2014. Information about these applicants was matched to the Social Security Death Master File (SSDMF) and another commercially available death source file to determine vital status. Due to the inconsistencies of reporting within the death files, there were two cohorts of death cases, one including the imputed year of birth (full cohort of deaths), and the second where the date of birth was known (reduced cohort of deaths).
The study had approximately 8.5 million person-years of exposure.
Actual to expected (A/E) mortality ratios were calculated using the Society of Actuaries 2008 Valuation Basic Table (2008VBT) select table, age last birthday and the 2010 US population as expected mortality rates. With the 2008VBT as an expected basis, the overall A/E mortality ratio was 3.15 for the full cohort of deaths and 2.56 for the reduced cohort of deaths. Using the US population as the expected basis, the overall A/E mortality ratio was 0.98 for the full cohort of deaths and 0.79 for the reduced cohort. Since there was no smoking status information in this study, all expected bases were not smoker distinct.
A/E mortality ratios varied by disease treatment category and were considerably higher in individuals using insulin. A/E mortality ratios decreased with increasing age and took on a J-shaped distribution with increasing BMI (Body Mass Index). The lowest mortality ratios were observed for overweight and obese individuals. The A/E mortality ratio based on the 2008VBT decreased with the increase in applicant duration, which was defined as the time since initial life insurance application.
Aurora de sangue
Authors: Ziviani Maria Cristina Elia 
Published: April 2016

Resumo: Interrogação sobre o aspecto revolucionário do teatro de Jean Giraudoux, em especial na peça Electre, através do estudo do significante "luz" e do valor simbólico da "aurora" na obra desse autor. Résumé: Interrogation sur l'aspect révolutionnaire du théâtre de Jean Giraudoux, surtout dans sa pièce Electre, par le biais de l'étude du signifiant "lumière" et de la valeur symbolique dans l'aurore de cet auteur.