bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Insecticides to Lygus in Cotton, 1996
Authors: Kerns D. L. , Tellez T. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 12 Apr at the Yuma Valley Agricultural Center, Yuma, AZ. The test was a RCB design consisting of four replicates. Each plot was 4 rows by 60 ft, bordered on each side by 2 blank rows. Applications were made using a tractor-mounted sprayer with a CO2 charged delivery system. The boom consisted of 3, TX-6 hollow cone nozzles per row, with one nozzle centered and the others on 18 drops to either side. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 40 psi. Treatments were applied on 26 Jun, 3 and 10 Jul. Evaluations were made on 1,8, 12, 15 and 18 Jul, using a 15 inch diameter sweep net, by counting the number of adult and immature lygus per 15 full sweeps. Differences among treatments were separated using ANOVA and an F protected LSD.
Efficacy of Selected Insecticides and Insecticide Mixtures for Aphid Control, 1996
Authors: Micinski S. , Scarborough R. G. , Forrester F. D. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Eight treatments (insecticides and mixtures) were evaluated at the Red River Research Station, Bossier City, LA, to determine their efficacy in controlling aphids on cotton. The experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Plots were planted 18 Apr and were 6 rows X 100 ft on 40-inch centers. Foliar applications were made on 28 Jun with applications being made to the center 4 rows of each 6-row plot. Insecticide treatments were applied in 5.9 gpa at 60 psi with TX-3 hollow-cone nozzles spaced 20 inches apart (2 nozzles/row). Treatments were applied with a high-clearance sprayer equipped with a CO2 system for spraying small plots. Aphid infestations were determined by sampling the first fully expanded leaf from 10 randomly selected plants in the center 2 rows of each plot on 27 Jun, 1 and 5 Jul.
Comparison of Insect Control on Two Cultivars of Bt Transgenic and Non-Transgenic Cotton
Authors: Speese John 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cotton was planted on 21 May at the Eastern Shore Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Painter, VA. Each plot consisted of 6 rows 25 ft long with 3 ft spacing between rows. Approximately 100 seeds were planted/row. Each treatment was replicated 4 times in a RCB. The two outside rows of each plot were used as untreated guard rows. Two plots of each cultivar were planted in each replication; one plot was treated and the other was left untreated. The cultivars evaluated in this study were the Bt transgenic cultivars HX 5170 and HX 6304 and their non-transgenic equivalents, H 1215 and H 1277, respectively. The following thresholds were used in making spray decisions in the treated plots: 10% of terminals with BW eggs (non-transgenic cultivars only), 3% of bolls with live BW or ECB and/or fresh feeding damage (all cultivars), and 1 stinkbug/25 sweeps (transgenic cultivars only). GSB was the only stinkbug species observed. Application dates and materials are listed in the spray schedule table.
Thrips Control in Peanuts, 1996
Authors: Brandenburg R. L. , Royals B. M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
At-plant, in-furrow applied insecticides were evaluated for TT control at the Peanut Belt Research Station in Lewiston-Woodville, NC. NC-7 variety peanuts were planted on 36 inch rows on 9 May at approximately 100 lb of seed/acre. Soil temperature was 70°F and the soil was moist. The humic matter was 1.5% and soil pH was 5.9. Soil series consisted of Rains + Goldsboro sandy loam. Prowl and Vernam were used for early season weed control. Plots were 2 rows wide by 50 ft long and were separated by 2 buffer rows. Plots were arranged in a RCB design with four replicates. Plot ends were separated by 5 ft barren strip. Peanuts were planted using Cole® planter and in-furrow treatments were placed in the furrow with seed using an electric Gandy® boxes. The in-furrow treatment of Orthene 75S was applied by mounting spray nozzels directly behind the seed tube and connecting these to a CO, sprayer on the planter. The sprayer was operated at 40 psi delivering approx. 30 gpa. Foliar treatments of Orthene 75S were applied on 13 Jun by using a CO2 backpack sprayer operating at 40 psi delivering approximately 30 gpa. Treatments, rates and application techniques are listed in the table. Peanuts were managed under standard agronomic practices. Thrips control was evaluated by determining the abundance of damaged leaflets per plot on 5,13, and 20 Jun. Twenty-five, newly-opened leaflets per plot were randomly selected and examined for thrips damage. Inaddition, thrips control was evaluated by collecting 10 unopened leaflets per plot on 5 Jun. Samples were placed in vials of alcohol and returned to the laboratory where the number of adults and larvae were counted. Larval counts were used as the basis for control since they provide a better indicator of efficacy than do the more mobile adults. All data were transformed (square root ofX + 0.50) prior to ANOVA and DNMRT. Actual means are presented in the table.
Control of Rice Water Weevil with Fipronil, 1996B
Authors: Bernhardt J. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The experiment was a non-replicated experimental use permit with 4 treatments. Whole plot size was 2.5 acres for the fipronil treatments and 1.7 acres for the Furadan and untreated plots. Whole plots of fipronil treatments were divided into 6 subplots 60 ft X 310 ft. The untreated area was divided into 3 subplots 75 ft X 310 ft. The Furadan area was divided into 4 subplots 75 ft X 310 ft. Each subplot was bound by levees. EXP 60720A was tank-mixed with water and applied preplant on 22 May by a tractor-mounted sprayer delivering 13 gpa. The plot was then cultivated at a 2-3 inch depth. Rice was drill-seeded in very dry Crowley silt loam at 90 lb/acre on 22 May and emerged on 5 Jun. Subplots were temporarily flooded (flushed) on 25-26 May and again on 4 Jun to initiate germination and to facilitate emergence, respectively. Propanil at 4 lb (AI)/acre was applied for weed control on 16 Jun. Nitrogen was applied in a three-way split of 90 lb N/acre as urea on 24 Jun and 30 lb N/acre on 15 and 22 Jul. Permanent flood was established on 25-26 Jun. Furadan 3G was applied by aircraft on 7 Jul 9 d after permanent flood. On 17 Jul and 1 Aug 4X4 inch (diam by depth) soil cores with an average of 7 plants/core were removed from subplots. Soil was washed from the plant roots into a40-mesh screen. The screen was immersed in salt water and RWW immatures were removed. Whole subplots were harvested with a combine on 4, 7 and 9 Oct. Reported yields were adjusted to 12% moisture. Yields and insect counts were not statistically analyzed.
Evaluation of Dimilin in Water And Drill-Seeded Rice For Rice Water Weevil Control, 1996
Authors: Muegge M.A. , Barbour J.D. , Rice W.C. , Bollich P.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Dimilin ap plied at different rates, formulations, and times was evaluated for control of adult RWW at the Rice Research Station, Crowley, LA. Plots, 5 X 20 ft, were arranged in a RB design with 4 blocks and 8 treatments with sub-sample nesting within the block X treatment effect. Fertilizer application in the water-seeded test was incorporated pre-plant and applied broadcast 6 wk post-flood at 90 lb (23-12-12) and 55 lb (21 -0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively. Fertilizer application in the drill-seeded test was broadcast at permanent flood and 6 wk post-flood at 90 lb (23-12-12) and 55 lb (21-0-0) N-P-K/acre respectively Plots were either water-seeded with pre-soaked ‘Cyprus’ rice at 130 lb or drill-seeded with ‘Cyprus’ rice at 100 lb of seed/acre to Crowley silt loam. The water-seeded test was planted on 22 May, drained 24 May, and permanently flooded 28 May. The drill-seeded test was planted 1 May and permanently flooded 21 May. Weed control was accomplished in the drill-seeded test by applying 0.5 and 4.0 lb (AI)/acre of Basagran and Stam on 20 May, respectively. Gramoxone was applied at 0.625 lb (AI)/acre to the water-seeded test on 20 May to control weeds. Foliar applications of Dimilin 2L and 25W were made at various rates and applied at 0 or 0 and 5 days post-flood. Furadan 3G was applied 19 and 7 days post-flood at 0.6 lbs (AI)/acre using a hand-held shaker for the water and drill-seeded tests respectively. All pesticide applications except Furadan 3G were made using a CO2 backpack sprayer delivering 15 gpa at 28 psi with 110015VS flat-fan nozzles on a 3 ft boom. Three randomly selected soil samples per plot were taken 10, 17 and 25 Jun for the water-seeded test and 5 and 12 Jun for the drill-seeded test using a 4 X 4 inch core sampler. Individual samples were washed through a funnel, fitted with wire screen, into a 35 mesh screen sieve. Collected rice water weevil (RWW) larvae and pupae were floated in a saturated NaCl solution, and counted. The center four rows of each plot were harvested on 11 Sep using a Kubota combine. Moisture content of harvested grain was determined and standardized to 12% moisture for determination of yield (lbs/acre). Rice water weevil larval data were log transformed to improve normality before being subjected to analysis of variance. The experimental and sampling error terms for the RWW larval data were tested for homogeneity of variances, and pooled error terms used to test the treatment effect when appropriate. Treatment means were separated using protected least significant difference at (LSD) 0.05. Non-transformed data are presented in the tables.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Suppression of Sorghum Midge on Sorghum,1996
Authors: Anderson R. M. , Teetes G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Selected insecticides were evaluated for sorghum midge control at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Farm near College Station, TX. Seed of hybrid sorghum (AT X 399 x RT X 430) was planted 29 May on rows spaced 30 in. apart. Insecticide treatments were compared in plots, 6 rows X 40 ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle 2 rows of plots. Insecticides were applied between 0800 and 0900 h CDT by using a hand-held backpack sprayer with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles at 35 psi, producing a finished spray volume of 4.9 gpa. Insecticides first were applied 23 Jul when 10-50% of the panicles were flowering; insecticides then were applied 26 Jul when 90-100% of the panicles were flowering. Adult sorghum midge abundance was assessed just prior to each application by counting the number of sorghum midges enclosed in clear plastic bags on 10 individual sorghum pan-icles. The panicles were cut from the plant and returned to the laboratory for examination and sorghum midge counts. Grain yield data were collected from the 2 middle rows per plot. Panicles were hand harvested from 2 selected 8.75-ft sections of row/plot and mechanically threshed. Data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Suppression of Rice Stink Bug on Sorghum,1996
Authors: Anderson R. M. , Teetes G. L. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two pyrethroids, 2 organophos-phates, and a chloro-cyclodiene were evaluated for rice stink bug control at the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Farm near College Sta-tion, TX. Seed of hybrid sorghum (ATX399 X RTX430) was planted 10 Jun on rows spaced 30 inches apart. Insecticide treatments were compared in plots, 4 rows X 40 ft long, arranged in a RCB design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied to the middle 2 rows of plots when sorghum was in the dough stage. Insecticides were applied on 28 Aug between 0800 and 0900 h CDT by using a hand-held backpack sprayer with TX-3 hollow cone nozzles at 35 psi, producing a finished spray volume of 4.9 gpa. Stink bug abundance was assessed by using the “ beat bucket” technique to sample 10 panicles per plot. A pre-treatment count of rice stink bug nymph and adult abundance was made 2 d before insecticides were applied. About 3.5 inches of rainfall occurred over a 2-d period beginning 6 h after treatment. Post-treatment counts were made on 29 Aug (1 DAT) and 31 Aug (3 DAT). Data were statistically analyzed by using ANOVA and LSD. Percent control was calculated by using the Henderson and Tilton (1955) sampling formula.
Velvetbean Caterpillar and Stink Bug Control on Soybean, 1996
Authors: Clemens C. G. , Fitzpatrick B. J. , Boyd M. L. , Mascarenhas R. N. , Boethel D. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Small plot studies to evaluate several compounds for activity against velvetbean caterpillar (VBC) and stink bugs were conducted at the St. Gabriel Research Station in Iberville Parish. Treatments were applied to both tests on 12 Sep to ‘Centennial’ (Test 1) and ‘Pioneer 9761’ (Test 2) soybean in the R5 growth stage using a tractor and CO2-compressed air sprayer calibrated to deliver 12 gpa at 30 psi through Teejet 8002 flat fan nozzles. Post-treatment populations of VBC (larvae; Test 1 and 2) and stink bugs (immatures and adults for all three species combined; only Test 1) were evaluated at 3 and 7 DAT with one 25-sweep sample per plot using a standard 15-inch diam sweep net. Plots were arranged in a RCB design (4 replications), each being 5 rows wide (36 inches row spacing) by 50 ft long. During 15-16 Sep, the test plots received 0.96 inch rainfall. Data were analyzed with ANOVA, and treatment means were separated using DMRT.
Management of Black Cutworm on Creeping Bentgrass with Experimental Formulations, Tempo 20Wp, and Dursban Pro, 1996
Authors: Heller P. R. , Walker R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Treatment plots were 6 X 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design and replicated 4 times at University Park, PA. Liquid formulations were applied by using a CO2 compressed air sprayer with 4 8002VS TeeJet nozzles mounted on a 6 ft boom, operating at 28 psi, and applied in 454 ml of water/60 ft2 or delivering 2.0 gal/1,000 ft2. Treatments were applied on 15 Aug following artificial infestation of research area with 2nd and 3rd instar black cutworms. An average of 16/yd2 cutworm larvae was recorded on 13 Aug prior to treatment. The entire experimental area was covered with bird netting until post-treatment counts were recorded on 17 Aug. At treatment time (15 Aug) the following soil and environmental conditions existed: air temperature, 70°F; soil temperature at 1 inch depth, 64°F; soil temperature at 2 inch depth, 64°F; RH, 93%; amount of thatch, 0.0625 inch; soil textural class, loam; soil particle size analysis; 51.0% sand, 40.6% silt, 8.4% clay; soil moisture (oven dry weight), 23.9%; organic matter, 3.9%; watei pH, 7.0; soil pH, 6.1%; time of application, mid-afternoon; and overcast skies. A total of 2.6 inch of rainfall occurred after treatments had been applied Evaluation was done 2 DAT (17 Aug) and 6 DAT (21 Aug) by counting the number of black cutworm larvae flushed to the surface within a 1.0 yd2 wood frame sampling area using a soap irritant drench of 30 ml Lemon Joy™ dishwashing detergent in 2 gal of water.
Biorational Insecticides for Control of Annual White Grubs on a Golf Course Fairway, 1996
Authors: Baxendale F.P. , Heng-Moss T.M. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This study was conducted in Lincoln, NE on a golf course fairway. The turf (20% Kentucky bluegrass and 80% perennial rye) was maintained at a mowing height of ⅝ inches. Thatch accumulation (finger compressed) in the plot area was 0.375 to 0.50 inch. Field conditions at the study site were: soil type, silty clay loam; soil organic matter, 4%; soil pH, 6.2; water pH, 7.0. Environmental conditions at the time of application were as follows: soil moisture 21% by wt; air temperature 84°F; soil temperature 80°F; relative humidity 52%; wind direction and velocity 196° at 4 mph. Plots were 40 inches X 15 ft and the experimental design was a RCB with 4 replications. Liquid applications were applied on 13 Aug 1996 using either a Cushman prototype subsurface applicator designed to place liquid insecticide treatments at the soilthatch interface (avg depth 0.5 inch), or a CO2 sprayer with a TeeJet 8002 nozzle at 30 psi and delivering 3 gal/1000 ft2. Granular insecticides were applied using a pre-calibrated Gandy 24H12 drop spreader. Following applications, plots were irrigated with 0.35 inch of water. Post-treatment precipitation totaled 0.07 inch. Treatments were evaluated 27 DAT on 5 SEP by removing from each plot three, 8-inch diam turf-soil cores (1.05 ft2 total area) to a depth of 3 inches and counting the number of surviving grubs. Pretreatment counts indicated 10-20 SMC/ft2 with 32% first instar, and 68% second instars in the test area.
Timing of Insecticide Applications to Control White Grubs, 1996
Authors: Buhler W. G. , Gibb T. J. , Gerber C. K. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Two insecticides were applied on three dates coinciding with different stages of Japanese beetle development at the Orchard of Golf Driving Range in West Lafayette, IN. Treatment plots were 10 x 10 ft, arranged in a RCB design, replicated 4 times, with 3 untreated plots in each replicate. Treatments were applied on 27 Jun (pre-egg laying), 2 Aug (egg laying to first instar), and 23 Aug (first to second instar). Merit 0.5G was applied with a homemade salt shaker. RH-0345I01 was applied at 34.5 gpa and 40 psi using a CO2-powered backpack sprayer with 8002 nozzle tips. Irrigation (0.5 in) was applied to plot areas within 30 h after applying treatments. Evaluation was done on 28 Sep by extracting cores from five random locations within each plot using a golf-hole cup cutter (0.90 sq ft.). Soil to a depth of 4 inch, thatch and turfgrass from each core was examined for the presence of live grubs. The average number of live grubs in five subsamples within each plot was used as the dependent variable in the statistical analysis of the data.
Control of Northern Masked Chafer Larvae on Turfgrass, 1996
Authors: Power K. T. , Shetlar D. J. , Niemczyk H. D. , Belcher M. G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted on a research lawn at the Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, Ohio. Insecticides were applied 21 Aug to plots 10 X 10 ft arranged in a RCB replicated four times. Liquid treatments were applied with a CO2 sprayer and Teejet™ 8010VS nozzles at 35 psi pressure that delivered a volume of 3 gal/1000 ft2. The granular treatments were applied with a shaker jar. After all treatments were applied, the area was irrigated with approximately ‘A inch of water bul received no further supplemental irrigation. Environmental conditions at the time of treatment were as follows: NMC—approximately 17/ft2, 100% second instars; turf—level, dry, 2½ inches ht, 60% Kentucky bluegrass and 30% annual bluegrass, 10% weed species, no thatch; soil—moist, 79°F at 1 inch and 77°F at 3 inches deep; weather—mostly sunny, 80°F, 0-5 mph wind. Evaluation on 1 Oct involved counting the number of live NMC and JB larvae in each of six 7X7 inch areas per plot. Analysis of variance was done on plot totals and means were separated by LSD test at P = 0.05.
Efficacy of Four B.T., Japonica BUI BUI, Formulations on Japanese Beetle Grubs, 1996
Authors: Swier Stanley R. , Rollins Alan , Carney Bryan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This trial was conducted at Amherst Country Club, Amherst, NH. The lawn was mowed at 1.5 inches and irrigated daily (0.1 inch). All treatments were applied on 19 Aug to 7 X 11 ft plots with 1-ft buffers, replicated 5 times in an RCB design. Liquid formulations were applied with a 2-wheel bicycle-type CO2 boom sprayer equipped with 4 spray heads fitted with a 50-mesh strainer and an 8004 fan-type nozzle. The volume of water and insecticide mix per plot was 2 gal/1000 ft2 delivered at 40 psi. Granular formulations were evenly dispersed using large plastic salt shakers. The surface of the turf was free of moisture (dew) at time of application. The plots were irrigated post-treatment with 0.4 in of water. Grubs were primarily 2nd instar. Weather conditions at time of application were as follows. Air, temp; 78°F; sky, clear; wind, moderate breeze. Soil conditions were as follows: surface temp, 80°F; at 1-inch depth, 76°F; at 2-inch depth, 75°F; soil pH, 5.6; texture, silt loam; sand, 50%; silt, 43%; clay, 7%; dry matter, 81%; moisture, 19%; organic matter, 5%. The trial was rated on 20 Sep using a Ryan 18-inch sod cutter to cut the plots to a depth of 3/4 inch. A 3 ft2 piece of sod was moved and live grubs counted.
Green June Beetle and Ground Cricket Control in Tall Fescue Pasture, October 1996
Authors: Flanders K.L. , Rogers G.A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The study was conducted in Pisgah, AL on sandy loam Appalachian Plateau soil. Fescue was grazed to 2 inches, but there were occasional patches of 4 inch high common bermudagrass. Soil temperature at a depth of 4 inches was 67°F on 1 Oct. Plot design was a RCB with three replications. Plots were 40 ft by 40 ft in each test, separated by 60-ft buffers. Insecticide was applied to all treated plots on 24 Sep. Two treatments received a second insecticide application on 1 Oct. Insecticide was applied with a CO2 powered boom sprayer in 43 gpa (30 psi, flat fan nozzles). Ground crickets were counted at 7 AM on 25 Sep, 16 h after the first insecticide application. At 2 by 2 ft sampling frame was put down at four random locations in each plot. Number of ground crickets were counted as they jumped out of the frame, then turf inside the frame was carefully inspected to find any remaining ground crickets. June beetle grub density was assessed by excavating on 7 Oct six soil samples totaling 2.7 ft2 from the center of each plot, each sample being 8 X 8 X 10 inches deep. Number of live grubs in these soil samples was recorded.
Control of White Grubs with Halofenozide (RH-0345), 1995
Authors: Held D. , Potter D. A. , Williamson C. , Keathley C. , Kunkel B. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This test was conducted in turf-type tall fescue at the University of Kentucky Spindletop Farm, near Lexington. The turf was on a Maury silt loam soil (pH = 6.4) with negligible thatch. Plots (4X6 ft; 2 ft untreated borders) were arranged in a RCB, with 4 replications. The turf was treated on 27 Jul, during flight of JB. The soil population consisted mostly of eggs, with some 1 st instars. Granular formulations were preweighed, mixed with dry sand, and applied by gloved hand. Liquid applications were applied at 50 gal/acre using a low volume, CO2 sprayer equipped with 4 Spraying System 8004 Tee Jet nozzles that delivered 2109 g pressure per cm2. Each plot was syringed with about 1/8 inch of water within 5 min after application, and the whole site received 3/4 inch irrigation as soon as the last treatment was applied. Conditions during application were 88°F with winds &lt; 10 mph. There was 0.23 inch of rainfall on 26 Jul, the day before the test. There was no additional rain until 5 Aug, when 1.78 inch fell. Plots were sampled on 14 Sep. A 3 X 1.5 ft strip, about 3” deep, was cut from the center of each plot with a motorized sod cutter. The sod was rolled back and broken apart, and all grubs present were counted and identified.