bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowledge-based approaches to the firm: an idea-driven perspective
Authors: Cohendet Patrick , Dupouët Olivier , Llerena Patrick , Naggar Raouf , Rampa Romain 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The challenges of the 21st century imply reconsidering the knowledge-based approaches of the firm under idea-led perspectives. We propose to reexamine the limits of the knowledge-based approaches of the firm by integrating the management of ideas as a process into the analysis. Building on the differences between the notions of idea and knowledge, we reconsider in turn the raison d’être, boundaries, coordination and incentive mechanisms, and the role of the entrepreneur of the firm. We show that ideas as a process are central to a more actor-inclusive view of the firm, providing a more relevant explanation of how firms can create value and fit into the contemporary world.
Lipid production by robust Aspergillus oryzae BCC7051 and a mathematical model describing its growth and lipid phenotypic traits
Authors: Wannawilai Siwaporn , Palasak Thanaporn , Chamkhuy Warinthon , Khongto Bhimabol , Jeennor Sukanya , Laoteng Kobkul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
To identify the promising oleaginous Aspergillus oryzae strain and leverage its lipid and biomass production through a mathematical model.

Methods and results
Comparative profiling of the cell growth and total fatty acid (TFA) content among 13 strains of A. oryzae was performed to explore the discrimination in their lipid productions. The oleaginicity of A. oryzae was found to be strain dependent, where the fungal strain BCC7051 exhibited superior performance in producing lipid-rich biomass by submerged fermentation. The TFA contents of the strain BCC7051 were comparable when cultivated at a range of pH values (pH 3.5–6.5) and temperatures (24–42°C). The mathematical model was generated, well describing and predicting the fungal growth and lipid phenotypic traits at various temperatures and carbon substrates.

Conclusion
The A. oryzae strain BCC7051 was a robust cell factory, acquiring economically feasible options for producing valuable lipid-based products.
Short-term risk of fracture is increased by deficits in cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture independent of DXA BMD and FRAX: Bone Microarchitecture International Consortium (BoMIC) prospective cohorts
Authors: Sarfati Marine , Chapurlat Roland , Dufour Alyssa B , Sornay-Rendu Elisabeth , Merle Blandine , Boyd Steven K , Whittier Danielle E , Hanley David A , Goltzman David , Szulc Pawel , Wong Andy Kin On , Lespessailles Eric , Khosla Sundeep , Ferrari Serge , Biver Emmanuel , Ohlsson Claes , Lorentzon Mattias , Mellström Dan , Nethander Maria , Samelson Elizabeth J , Kiel Douglas P , Hannan Marian T , Bouxsein Mary L 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Identifying individuals at risk for short-term fracture is essential to offer prompt beneficial treatment, especially since many fractures occur in those without osteoporosis by DXA-aBMD. We evaluated whether deficits in bone microarchitecture and density predict short-term fracture risk independent of the clinical predictors, DXA-BMD and FRAX. We combined data from eight cohorts to conduct a prospective study of bone microarchitecture at the distal radius and tibia (by HR-pQCT) and 2-year incidence of fracture (non-traumatic and traumatic) in 7327 individuals (4824 women, 2503 men, mean 69 ± 9 years). We estimated sex-specific hazard ratios (HR) for associations between bone measures and 2-year fracture incidence, adjusted for age, cohort, height, and weight, and then additionally adjusted for FN aBMD or FRAX for major osteoporotic fracture. Only 7% of study participants had FN T-score ≤ −2.5, whereas 53% had T-scores between −1.0 and −2.5 and 37% had T-scores ≥−1.0. Two-year cumulative fracture incidence was 4% (296/7327). Each SD decrease in radius cortical bone measures increased fracture risk by 38%-76% for women and men. After additional adjustment for FN-aBMD, risks remained increased by 28%-61%. Radius trabecular measures were also associated with 2-year fracture risk independently of FN-aBMD in women (HRs range: 1.21 per SD for trabecular separation to 1.55 for total vBMD). Decreased failure load (FL) was associated with increased fracture risk in both women and men (FN-aBMD ranges of adjusted HR = 1.47-2.42). Tibia measurement results were similar to radius results. Findings were also similar when models were adjusted for FRAX. In older adults, FL and HR-pQCT measures of cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture and density with strong associations to short-term fractures improved fracture prediction beyond aBMD and FRAX. Thus, HR-pQCT may be a useful adjunct to traditional assessment of short-term fracture risk in older adults, including those with T-scores above the osteoporosis range.
The G protein-coupled receptor ADGRG6 maintains mouse growth plate homeostasis through IHH signaling
Authors: Bian Fangzhou , Hansen Victoria , Feng Hong Colleen , He Jingyu , Chen Yanshi , Feng Kaining , Ebrahimi Brenda , Gray Ryan S , Chai Yang , Wu Chia-Lung , Liu Zhaoyang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The cartilage growth plate is essential for maintaining skeletal growth; however, the mechanisms governing postnatal growth plate homeostasis are still poorly understood. Using approaches of molecular mouse genetics and spatial transcriptomics applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, we show that ADGRG6/GPR126, a cartilage-enriched adhesion G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), is essential for maintaining slow-cycling resting zone cells, appropriate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation, and growth plate homeostasis in mice. Constitutive ablation of Adgrg6 in osteochondral progenitor cells with Col2a1Cre leads to a shortened resting zone, formation of cell clusters within the proliferative zone, and an elongated hypertrophic growth plate, marked by limited expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) but increased Indian Hedgehog (IHH) signaling throughout the growth plate. Attenuation of smoothened-dependent hedgehog signaling restored the Adgrg6 deficiency-induced expansion of hypertrophic chondrocytes, confirming that IHH signaling can promote chondrocyte hypertrophy in a PTHrP-independent manner. In contrast, postnatal ablation of Adgrg6 in mature chondrocytes with AcanCreERT2, induced after the formation of the resting zone, does not affect PTHrP expression but causes an overall reduction of growth plate thickness marked by increased cell death specifically in the resting zone cells and a general reduction of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Spatial transcriptomics reveals that ADGRG6 is essential for maintaining chondrocyte homeostasis by regulating osteogenic and catabolic genes in all the zones of the postnatal growth plates, potentially through positive regulation of SOX9 expression. Our findings elucidate the essential role of a cartilage-enriched adhesion GPCR in regulating cell proliferation and hypertrophic differentiation by regulation of PTHrP/IHH signaling, maintenance of slow-cycle resting zone chondrocytes, and safeguarding chondrocyte homeostasis in postnatal mouse growth plates.
Witnessing Ongwen
Authors: Atingo Jackline , Allen Tim , Macdonald Anna 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The trial of Dominic Ongwen before the International Criminal Court (ICC) has been hailed as a milestone, especially because of his conviction for gender-based crimes, including forced marriage and forced pregnancy. Ongwen’s conviction for those crimes was linked to harrowing testimonies of a group of women who were given to him as so-called ‘wives’ during his time as a commander in the Lord’s Resistance Army rebel group. After a successful Article 56 application by the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP), special arrangements were made for these women to act as witnesses in advance of the trial in the Hague, and various assurances were provided to them. Based on ethnographic engagement and in-depth interviews with these witnesses, this article contributes to the literature on witnesses in international criminal trials, and the complexities of victimhood, describing their experiences of testifying, their views about justice, and their current lives. It notes the lack of adequate protection and benefits that have accrued to them. Interviews also occurred with ‘wives’ who testified for the Defence, whose accounts of their experiences are relatively more positive. Concerns are raised about the ICC’s capacity to fulfil basic expectations of victims of the sexual crimes it successfully prosecutes.
Imagelytics suite: deep learning-powered image classification for bioassessment in desktop and web environments
Authors: Milosavljević Aleksandar , Predić Bratislav , Milošević Djuradj 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Bioassessment is the process of using living organisms to assess the ecological health of a particular ecosystem. It typically relies on identifying specific organisms that are sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. Benthic macroinvertebrates are widely used for examining the ecological status of freshwaters. However, a time-consuming process of species identification that requires high expertise represents one of the key obstacles to more precise bioassessment of aquatic ecosystems. Partial automation of this process using deep learning-based image classification is the goal of an ongoing project AIAQUAMI we are participating in. One of the project goals is to develop software support for image classification with visualization and reporting. For that purpose, we developed desktop and web applications that we open-sourced as Imagelytics Suite. Both desktop and web applications rely on a convolutional neural network (CNN) to classify images and the Grad-CAM algorithm to produce heatmaps of the image areas that mostly influenced the network decision. Along with the source code of the applications, we also open-sourced scripts that can be used to train CNN on an arbitrary dataset and produce required metadata, so it can be used with Imagelytics applications. In this article, we presented technical details regarding the design of the applications and the training method that will enable their general use for image classification tasks. As a part of the evaluation, we will show a use case related to species identification of non-biting midges (Diptera: Chironomidae).
Considerations on expanding criminal offender DNA databases with Y-STR profiles
Authors: Ralf Arwin , Zieger Martin , Kayser Manfred 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Although national criminal offender DNA databases (NCODDs) including autosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) have been a successful tool to identify criminals for decades in many countries, yet there are many criminal cases they cannot solve. In cases with mixed male–female samples, particularly sexual assault, expanding NCODDs with Y-chromosomal STR (Y-STR) profiles allows database matching in the absence of autosomal STR profiles. Although Y-STR matches are not individual-specific, this can be largely overcome with rapidly mutating Y-STRs (RM Y-STR) allowing separation of paternally related men. Expanding NCODDs with Y-STR profiles is also beneficial for law enforcement in cases without known suspects via familial searching. Expanding NCODDs with Y-STR profiles may raise concerns about genetic privacy and fundamental human rights. A legal analysis of the European Convention on Human Rights revealed that when primarily for reidentifying convicted sex offenders, it would be in line with the case law of the European Court of Human Rights, while a generalized approach primarily for familial searching and involving all types of offenders may not. This paper aims to stimulate a debate among various stakeholders regarding the benefits and risks of expanding NCODDs with Y-STR profiles that in some countries has already been practically implemented.
Cultural shifts: an examination of cervical cancer stigma across age groups in the Caribbean
Authors: Song Gaole , Thomas-Purcell Kamilah , Sealy Diadrey-Anne , Bailey Althea , Ragin Camille , Ashing Kimlin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer-related stigma is common but understudied in the Caribbean. This study aims to describe the age difference of cervical cancer stigma and to evaluate the influence on the prevention practices among the Caribbean nonpatient population in Jamaica, Grenada, and Trinidad and Tobago.

Methods
A cross-sectional study involving 1209 participants was conducted using a culturally trans-created Cancer Stigma Scale for the Caribbean context and supplemented with questions on cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) and HPV vaccine knowledge and beliefs. Descriptive analyses and χ2 tests were conducted.

Results
The χ2 tests showed age is statistically significantly related to participants’ response to stigma items such as “community members believe cervical cancer is viewed as shameful” (P = .0001); “women with cervical cancer are treated with less respect than usual by others” (P &lt; .0001); “women with cervical cancer are rejected by family members” (P = .0007); “women with cervical cancer are rejected by intimate partners” (P &lt; .0001); and “intimate partners blame women for having cervical cancer” (P = .0032). Additionally, age has statistically significant associations with endorsements of negative views of cervical cancer from the community (P &lt; .0001) and family (P &lt; .0001) as key barriers to cervical cancer care (item: “discourage women from seeking and obtaining screening and treatment”). Notably, younger respondents (18-25 years) are more sensitized to the unfair stigma and hold more stigma.

Conclusions
Among Caribbeans, age influences cervical cancer stigma. Younger persons acknowledged greater stigma within families and communities. This study can guide age-informed interventions and programs to reduce stigma and improve cervical cancer screening and care seeking to reduce cervical cancer burden and disparities.
Intra-osteal fixation of comminuted coronoid process fracture with mini plate for the treatment of complex elbow fracture
Authors: Wu Yuxuan , Wang Jianlan , Lian Xiaodong , Mu Jiang , Lu Ming , Zhang Shuang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Complex elbow fractures featuring a comminuted coronoid process are infrequent and pose considerable treatment challenges. The optimal strategy for maximizing recovery of elbow function through osteosynthesis remains a subject of ongoing debate among surgeons. We applied the principle of internal fixation by implementing intra-osteal fixation with a mini plate, which facilitated the successful restoration of exceptional elbow function in the patient. This approach adeptly managed the complexity of the coronoid process fracture, encompassing its fragmentation and associated injuries, thereby demonstrating its feasibility and efficacy in achieving favorable clinical outcomes. This article investigates the viability of this surgical technique for managing such complex fractures.
Production of flavor-active compounds and physiological impacts in immobilized Saccharomyces spp. cells during beer fermentation
Authors: de Araujo Thiago Machado , da Cunha Marcel Menezes Lyra , Barga Marcelo Calide , Della-Bianca Bianca Eli , Basso Thiago Olitta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Yeast immobilization in beer fermentation has recently regained attention, due to the expansion of the craft beer market and the diversification of styles and flavors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological differences between immobilized and free yeast cells with a focus on flavor-active compounds formation. Three strains of Saccharomyces spp. (SY025, SY067, SY001) were evaluated in both free and immobilized (using a cellulose-based support, referred as ImoYeast) forms during static batch fermentations of 12 °P malt extract. Immobilized cells showed higher glycerol (SY025, 40%; SY067, 53%; SY001, 19%) and biomass (SY025, 67%; SY067, 78%; SY001, 56%) yields than free cells. Conversely, free cells presented higher ethanol yield (SY025, 9%; SY067, 9%; SY001, 13%). Flavor-active compounds production exhibited significant alterations between immobilized and free cells systems, for all strains tested. Finally, a central composite design with varying initial biomass (X0) and substrate (S0) concentrations was conducted using strain SY025, which can be helpful to modulate the formation of one or more flavor-active compounds. In conclusion, yeast immobilization in the evaluated support resulted in flavor alterations that can be exploited to produce different beer styles.
The EU Digital Services Act
Authors: Wilman Folkert , KalÄda Saulius Lukas , Loewenthal Paul-John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The EU Regulation on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act, the ‘DSA’) is a comprehensive legal framework to regulate digital services and to tackle illegal activity online across the EU. The DSA represents one of the main pillars of the EU’s reform of the digital single market. It applies horizontally to online intermediaries operating in the EU, including online platforms such as social media, video-sharing platforms, online marketplaces, and search engines. This book serves as a reference work on the DSA, providing a comprehensive article-by-article analysis that will allow the reader to navigate the provisions of this new, complex legal act. While being novel, the DSA does not enter a completely unchartered territory: numerous provisions draw inspiration from, or are applied together with, the provisions of other Acts and areas of EU law. The book explores the jurisprudential origins of the provisions of the DSA and their articulation with other EU Acts, which will be essential for its interpretation and application. It strikes a balance between a practical commentary and an academic analysis, and it is aimed at legal practitioners, academics, and public authorities.
Liability of Providers of Intermediary Services
Authors: Wilman Folkert , Kalėda Saulius Lukas , Loewenthal Paul-John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines how the Digital Services Act (DSA) handles the liability of providers of intermediary services. According to Article 3(g) DSA, intermediary services refer to covering mere conduit, caching, and hosting services. The chapter then discusses the provisions that contain conditional liability exemptions for providers of intermediary services. It explains the extent of liability exemptions that was inspired by the US law, which shielded providers of various online services from liability under copyright law for the third-party information they transmit or store. Moreover, the rules on liability interact with due diligence obligations to some extent.
Conclusion
Authors: Wilman Folkert , Kalėda Saulius Lukas , Loewenthal Paul-John 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the evolution of the Digital Services Act (DSA). It highlights the importance of striking a balance between conflicting rights, interests, and considerations that arise in regulating the provision of intermediary services. The way the DSA deals with tensions involved in platform regulations offers valuable perspectives when trying to understand the significance of the DSA. The chapter then provides an overview of the regulatory approach of the DSA. Regardless of the DSA's limits, providers of intermediary services continue to have considerable freedom to decide how they wish to provide their services in the EU. The chapter cites that the Commission is still in the process of adopting all necessary delegated and implementing acts and reinforcing its supervisory capabilities.
Deciphering prognostic indicators in non-HIV cryptococcal meningitis: Constructing and validating a predictive Nomogram model
Authors: Liang Feng , Li Runyang , Yao Make , Wang Jing , Li Yunhong , Lei Lijian , Guo Junhong , Chang Xueli 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is a well-recognized fungal infection, with substantial mortality in individuals infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in non-HIV adults remain poorly understood. This study aims to investigate the characteristics and prognostic indicators of CM in non-HIV adult patients, integrating a novel predictive model to guide clinical decision-making. A retrospective cohort of 64 non-HIV adult CM patients, including 51 patients from previous studies and 13 from the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, was analyzed. We assessed demographic features, underlying diseases, intracranial pressure, cerebrospinal fluid characteristics, and brain imaging. Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, and multivariate logistic regression, we identified significant variables and constructed a Nomogram prediction model. The model's calibration, discrimination, and clinical value were evaluated using the Bootstrap method, calibration curve, C index, goodness-of-fit test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and decision curve analysis. Age, brain imaging showing parenchymal involvement, meningeal and ventricular involvement, and previous use of immunosuppressive agents were identified as significant variables. The Nomogram prediction model displayed satisfactory performance with an akaike information criterion (AIC) value of 72.326, C index of 0.723 (0.592–0.854), and area under the curve (AUC) of 0.723, goodness-of-fit test P = 0.995. This study summarizes the clinical and imaging features of adult non-HIV CM and introduces a tailored Nomogram prediction model to aid in patient management. The identification of predictive factors and the development of the nomogram enhance our understanding and capacity to treat this patient population. The insights derived have potential clinical implications, contributing to personalized care and improved patient outcomes.
Patterns of Fitness and Gene Expression Epistasis Generated by Beneficial Mutations in the rho and rpoB Genes of Escherichia coli during High-Temperature Adaptation
Authors: González-González Andrea , Batarseh Tiffany N , Rodríguez-Verdugo Alejandra , Gaut Brandon S 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Epistasis is caused by genetic interactions among mutations that affect fitness. To characterize properties and potential mechanisms of epistasis, we engineered eight double mutants that combined mutations from the rho and rpoB genes of Escherichia coli. The two genes encode essential functions for transcription, and the mutations in each gene were chosen because they were beneficial for adaptation to thermal stress (42.2 °C). The double mutants exhibited patterns of fitness epistasis that included diminishing returns epistasis at 42.2 °C, stronger diminishing returns between mutations with larger beneficial effects and both negative and positive (sign) epistasis across environments (20.0 °C and 37.0 °C). By assessing gene expression between single and double mutants, we detected hundreds of genes with gene expression epistasis. Previous work postulated that highly connected hub genes in coexpression networks have low epistasis, but we found the opposite: hub genes had high epistasis values in both coexpression and protein–protein interaction networks. We hypothesized that elevated epistasis in hub genes reflected that they were enriched for targets of Rho termination but that was not the case. Altogether, gene expression and coexpression analyses revealed that thermal adaptation occurred in modules, through modulation of ribonucleotide biosynthetic processes and ribosome assembly, the attenuation of expression in genes related to heat shock and stress responses, and with an overall trend toward restoring gene expression toward the unstressed state.