bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early lipofuscin accumulation in frontal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Liu Joan Y.W. , Reeves Cheryl , Diehl Beate , Coppola Antonietta , Al‐Hajri Aliya , Hoskote Chandrashekar , Mughairy Salim al , Tachrount Mohamed , Groves Michael , Michalak Zuzanna , Mills Kevin , McEvoy Andrew W. , Miserocchi Anna , Sisodiya Sanjay M. , Thom Maria 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveThis study reports on a novel brain pathology in young patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) that is distinct from focal cortical dysplasia (FCD).MethodsSurgical specimens from 20 young adults with FLE (mean age, 30 years) were investigated with histological/immunohistochemical markers for cortical laminar architecture, mammalian target of (mTOR) pathway activation and inhibition, cellular autophagy, and synaptic vesicle‐mediated trafficking as well as proteomics analysis. Findings were correlated with pre‐/postoperative clinical, imaging, and electrophysiological data.ResultsExcessive lipofuscin accumulation was observed in abnormal dysmorphic neurones in 6 cases, but not in seven FCD type IIB and 7 pathology‐negative cases, despite similar age and seizure histories. Abnormal dysmorphic neurones on proteomics analysis were comparable to aged human brains. The mTOR pathway was activated, as in cases with dysplasia, but the immunoreactivities of nucleoporin p62, DEP‐domain containing protein 5, clathrin, and dynamin‐1 were different between groups, suggesting that enhanced autophagy flux and abnormal synaptic vesicle trafficking contribute to early lipofuscin aggregation in these cases, compared to suppression of autophagy in cases with typical dysplasia. Cases with abnormal neuronal lipofuscin showed subtle magnetic resonance imaging cortical abnormalities that localized with seizure onset zone and were more likely to have a family history.InterpretationWe propose that excess neuronal lipofuscin accumulation in young patients with FLE represents a novel pathology underlying this epilepsy; the early accumulation of lipofuscin may be disease driven, secondary to as‐yet unidentified drivers accelerating autophagic pathways, which may underpin the neuronal dysfunction in this condition. Ann Neurol 2016;80:882–895
Carboxylierte photoschaltbare Diarylethene als Biomarkierungen für hochauflösende RESOLFT‐Mikroskopie
Authors: Roubinet Benoît , Bossi Mariano L. , Alt Philipp , Leutenegger Marcel , Shojaei Heydar , Schnorrenberg Sebastian , Nizamov Shamil , Irie Masahiro , Belov Vladimir N. , Hell Stefan W. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractReversibel photoschaltbares 1,2‐Bis(2‐ethyl‐6‐phenyl‐1‐benzothiophen‐1,1‐dioxid‐3‐yl)perfluorcyclopenten (EBT) mit fluoreszierender “geschlossener” Form wurde mit vier oder acht Carboxygruppen versehen und an Antikörper gebunden. Die carboxylierten Derivate wiesen geringe Aggregation, effizientes Photoschalten in wässrigen Puffern, gezieltes Färben von zellulären Strukturen und gute photophysikalische Eigenschaften auf. Abwechselnde Bestrahlung mit UV und blauem Licht relativ geringer Intensität führte zu reversibler photochemischer Isomerisierung zwischen zwei stabilen Strukturen über mehrere dutzend Schaltzyklen. Dies ermöglichte die Verwendung der Farbstoffe für hochauflösende RESOLFT‐Mikroskopie (“reversible switchable optical linear fluorescence transitions”). Hierbei konnte eine optische Auflösung von 75 nm an zellulären Tubulin‐Filamenten erzielt werden.
Structural studies and quantum chemical calculations of Cr(III), Fe(III) and Ru(III) bromazepam complexes
Authors: Mansour Ahmed M. , Shehab Ola R. 
Published: October 2016

The reaction of bromazepam (7‐bromo‐1,3‐dihydro‐5‐(2‐pyridyl)‐2H‐1,4‐benzodiazepin‐2‐one, BZM) with Cr(III) (1), Fe(III) (2) and Ru(III) (3) salts gives complexes of the type [M(BZM)3]⋅3X (X = Cl or NO3). Structural characterization was extensively carried out using various analytical and spectral tools such as infrared, 1H NMR and UV–visible spectroscopies and magnetic, conductance, elemental and thermal analyses. BZM is a bidentate ligand and interacts with the metal ions via the pyridine and benzodiazepin‐2‐one nitrogen atoms. The magnetic and electronic properties of 2 and 3 are consistent with low‐spin octahedral complexes. The three BZM molecules are non‐isoenergetically coordinated to the metal ions and this is reflected in the values of the second‐order interaction energy. The antibacterial activity was studied using Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Coordination of BZM to Cr(III) or Ru(III) ions leads to a marked increase in toxicity with respect to the inactive Fe(III) complex 2.
Diffusion mechanism of byproducts resulting from the peroxide crosslinking of polyethylene
Authors: Sahyoun J. , Crepet A. , Gouanve F. , Keromnes L. , Espuche E. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTIn this study, a polyethylene grade used for applications in the insulation of energy cables was crosslinked by the peroxide crosslinking route. The impact of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) crosslinking on the polymer microstructure was studied. The different byproducts formed during the crosslinking reaction [acetophenone, α‐cumyl alcohol, and α‐methyl styrene (aMS)] were identified and quantified. Another molecule, 2,4‐diphenyl‐4‐methyl‐1‐pentene, regarded as an aMS dimer, was detected for the first time. Some amounts of residual DCP were also detected. A detailed study of the diffusion mechanism of each byproduct under different desorption conditions (e.g., samples exposed to vacuum or atmospheric conditions) and temperatures was performed. The diffusion coefficient values were determined and are discussed as a function of the desorption conditions and byproduct characteristics. Through this study, essential diffusion parameters were provided as a first step for further modeling development to allow the definition of optimized desorption conditions for a large range of sample geometries and thicknesses. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44525.
Improvement of impact strength and hydrolytic stability of PC/ABS blend using reactive polymer
Authors: Nishino Kohhei , Shindo Yuichi , Takayama Tetsuo , Ito Hiroshi 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTPolycarbonate/acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (PC/ABS) blends have been used widely for specific applications such as in automotive interior and exterior parts, and for office automation equipment parts. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a reactive polymer as a modifier on properties such as the impact strength of PC/ABS blends. A reaction between PC and maleic anhydride group cannot usually be expected because the end hydroxyl group of PC is capped with an end‐capping agent such as t‐butylphenol to improve PC properties such as fluidity, thermal resistance, and impact strength. However, a reactive polymer that has a maleic anhydride group reacts with the end hydroxyl group of PC hydrolyzed with metal salts. Results show that PC/ABS with a reactive polymer exhibits improved impact strength. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44550.
The chemiluminescence immunoassay for aflatoxin B1 based on functionalized magnetic nanoparticles with two strategies of antigen probe immobilization
Authors: Yao Manwen , Wang Linyu , Fang Chengzhi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA rapid and sensitive chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) was developed to detect aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), which is a potent carcinogen in nature. We prepared monodisperse MNPs (300 nm in diameter) according to the solvothermal synthesis reaction and the MNPs were coated with silica by the Stöber method. Triethox was used as a one‐step carboxylation reagent, and 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) an amination reagent, to modify the MNPs. We prepared two types of solid phase antigens using the above synthesized functionalized MNPs coupled with the later prepared AFB1‐oxime active ester and the purchased BSA–AFB1 respectively. 2′,6′‐dimethylcarbonylphenyl‐10‐sulfopropylacridinium‐9‐carboxylate 4′‐N‐hydroxysuccinimide (4′‐NHS) ester (NSP–DMAE–NHS), as a novel luminescent reagent, was used to label anti‐AFB1 antibodies. The two CLIA calibration curves based on the two types of solid phase antigens were obtained and compared. The acquired limit of detection (LOD) was about 0.001 ng/mL for the two functionalized MNPs‐based immunoassays, and the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) was 0.51 ng/mL for the MNPs–AFB1‐based method and 0.72 ng/mL for the MNPs–BSA–AFB1‐based method.
Fluoride‐Catalyzed Methylation of Amines by Reductive Functionalization of CO2 with Hydrosilanes
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Fang , Ma Ran , Qiao Chang , Cao Han , He Liang‐Nian 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAn effective and inexpensive organocatalyst tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) was developed for the reductive functionalization of CO2 with amines to selectively afford formamides or methylamines by employing hydrosilanes. Hydrosilanes with different substituents show discriminatory reducing activity. Thus, the formation of formamides and further reduction products, that is, methylamines could be controlled by elegantly tuning hydrosilane types. Formamides were obtained exclusively under an atmospheric pressure of CO2 with triethoxysilane. Using phenylsilane as a reductant, methylamines were attained with up to 99 % yield at 50 °C coupled to a complete deoxygenation of CO2. The crucial intermediate silyl formate in the formylation step was identified and thereby a tentative mechanism involving the fluoride‐promoted hydride transfer from the hydrosilane to CO2/formamide was proposed. Striking features of this metal‐free protocol are formylation and methylation of amines by reductive functionalization of CO2 with hydrosilanes and mild reaction conditions.
Quantifying the Tunable Conjugated Area of Graphene Oxide by Using Pyrene as a Fluorescent Probe
Authors: Liu Jingquan , Ma Hongjing , Zhu Huihui , Liu Zhen , Jiang Degang , Zhang Jizhen , Yang Wenrong 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe determination of oxygenous groups, conjugated area ratio, and reduction efficiency of graphene oxide (GO) is a difficult task because of its heterogeneous structure. Herein, a novel approach is described for a detailed understanding of the surface chemistry of GO by using pyrene as a fluorescent probe through π–π stacking interactions.
Preparation of an 18F‐Labeled Hydrocyanine Dye as a Multimodal Probe for Reactive Oxygen Species
Authors: Al‐Karmi Salma , Albu Silvia A. , Vito Alyssa , Janzen Nancy , Czorny Shannon , Banevicius Laura , Nanao Max , Zubieta Jon , Capretta Alfredo , Valliant John F. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHydrocyanine dyes are sensitive “turn‐on” type optical probes that can detect reactive oxygen species (ROS). We have developed a method to prepare an 18F‐labeled hydrocyanine dye as a multi‐modal PET and optical “turn‐on” probe. A commercially available near infrared (NIR) dye was modified with a fluorinated prosthetic group that did not alter its ROS sensing properties in the presence of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. The 18F‐labeled analogue was produced using a single‐step terminal fluorination procedure. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and quantitative in vivo biodistribution studies indicated this novel probe had remarkably different pharmacokinetics compared to the oxidized cyanine analogue. The chemistry reported enables the use of quantitative and dynamic PET imaging for the in vivo study of hydrocyanine dyes as ROS probes.
Quantum Computation using Arrays of N Polar Molecules in Pendular States
Authors: Wei Qi , Cao Yudong , Kais Sabre , Friedrich Bretislav , Herschbach Dudley 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe investigate several aspects of realizing quantum computation using entangled polar molecules in pendular states. Quantum algorithms typically start from a product state
and we show that up to a negligible error, the ground states of polar molecule arrays can be considered as the unentangled qubit basis state
. This state can be prepared by simply allowing the system to reach thermal equilibrium at low temperature (<1 mK). We also evaluate entanglement, characterized by concurrence of pendular state qubits in dipole arrays as governed by the external electric field, dipole–dipole coupling and number N of molecules in the array. In the parameter regime that we consider for quantum computing, we find that qubit entanglement is modest, typically no greater than 10−4, confirming the negligible entanglement in the ground state. We discuss methods for realizing quantum computation in the gate model, measurement‐based model, instantaneous quantum polynomial time circuits and the adiabatic model using polar molecules in pendular states.
Cell size assays for mass cytometry
Authors: Stern Alan D. , Rahman Adeeb H. , Birtwistle Marc R. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMass cytometry offers the advantage of allowing the simultaneous measurement of a greater number parameters than conventional flow cytometry. However, to date, mass cytometry has lacked a reliable alternative to the light scatter properties that are commonly used as a cell size metric in flow cytometry (forward scatter intensity—FSC). Here, we report the development of two plasma membrane staining assays to evaluate mammalian cell size in mass cytometry experiments. One is based on wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining and the other on Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) staining, both of which have preferential affinity for cell membranes. We first perform imaging and flow cytometry experiments to establish a relationship between WGA staining intensity and traditional measures of cell size. We then incorporate WGA staining in mass cytometry analysis of human whole blood and show that WGA staining intensity has reproducible patterns within and across immune cell subsets that have distinct cell sizes. Lastly, we stain PBMCs or dissociated lung tissue with both WGA and OsO4 ; mass cytometry analysis demonstrates that the two staining intensities correlate well with one another. We conclude that both WGA and OsO4 may be used to acquire cell size‐related parameters in mass cytometry experiments, and expect these stains to be broadly useful in expanding the range of parameters that can be measured in mass cytometry experiments. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Fluorescence‐free flow cytometry for measurement of shape index distribution of resting, partially activated, and fully activated platelets
Authors: Litvinenko A.L. , Moskalensky A.E. , Karmadonova N.A. , Nekrasov V.M. , Strokotov D.I. , Konokhova A.I. , Yurkin M.A. , Pokushalov E.A. , Chernyshev A.V. , Maltsev V.P. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWhereas commercially available hematological analyzers measure volume of individual platelets, angle‐resolved light‐scattering provides unique ability to additionally measure their shape index. We utilized the scanning flow cytometer to measure light‐scattering profiles (LSPs) of individual platelets taken from 16 healthy donors and the solution of the inverse light‐scattering problem to retrieve the volume and shape index of each platelet. In normal conditions, the platelet shape index distribution (PSID) demonstrates three peaks, which relate to resting, partially activated, and fully activated platelets. We developed an algorithm, based on fitting PSID by a sum of three peak functions, to determine the percentage, mean platelet shape index, and distribution width of each platelet fraction. In total, this method gives eight additional parameters of platelet morphology and function to be used in clinical hematological analysis. We also stimulated the platelets with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and measured the dependence of equilibrium PSID, including the total percentage of activated platelets, on ADP concentration. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
An improved cooperative spectrum sensing of femtocells with hybrid TDD access scheme in massive MIMO system
Authors: Bai Zhiquan , Gao Peng , Su Yingyan , Han Tao , Kwak Kyungsup , Park Daeyoung 
Published: October 2016

SummaryTo improve the sensing performance and achieve higher throughput of the femtocells (FCs) while alleviating the influence to the macrocell in the cognitive massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output system (MIMO), we propose in this paper a hybrid time‐division duplex (TDD) access scheme of the FCs with confidence factor–based weighted cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS). A first, we present an efficient hybrid TDD access scheme for better spectrum reuse of the FCs based on the typical TDD and reversed TDD schemes. Furthermore, confidence factor–based weighted CSS has been used for better spectrum sensing and interference alleviation. In the cognitive massive MIMO system, FC base stations will form dynamical clustering based on the channel conditions, sense the spectrum through cooperative scheme, and decide whether to access the spectrum or not. After information exchange within each FC cluster, the FC base stations can obtain and update their confidence factors and weight factors based on the sensing results and reliability. Numerical results and theoretical analysis show that the proposed scheme can get more accurate sensing results, increase the throughput and the spectrum access opportunity of the FCs, and efficiently alleviate the interference to the macrocell tier.
From Gutenberg to Open Science: An Unfulfilled Odyssey
Authors: Triggle Chris R. , Triggle David J. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Preclinical Research

With the almost global availability of the Internet comes the expectation of universal accessibility to knowledge, including scientific knowledge‐particularly that generated by public funding. Currently this is not the case. In this Commentary we discuss access to this knowledge, the politics that govern peer review and publication, and the role of this knowledge as a public good in medicine. Gutenberg's invention of the printing press in 1440 opened an avenue for the distribution of scholarly information to the entire world. The scientific literature first appeared in 1665 with Le Journal des Sçavans followed in the same year by Philosophical Transactions. Today there are more than 5000 scientific publishing companies, 25,000 journals and 1.5 million articles published/year generating revenue of $25 billion USD. The European Union and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development have argued for open access (OA) to scientific data for all publicly funded research by 2020 with a similar initiative in the USA via the Fair Access to Science and Technology Research Act (FASTR). However, OA to published science is but one step in this odyssey. If the products of science are not openly available then it can be argued that the norms of science as defined by Merton including “universalism” and “communalism” have yet to be accomplished. Nowhere is this more apparent than in the delivery of medicines to the poor and for rare diseases, the attempts to privatize human genetic information and, not least, dealing with the challenges of antibiotic resistance and new disease pandemics exacerbated by climate change. Drug Dev Res 78 : 3–23, 2017.   © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The relative importance of tree and stand properties in susceptibility to spruce beetle outbreak in the mid‐20th century
Authors: Bakaj Felicia , Mietkiewicz Nathan , Veblen Thomas T. , Kulakowski Dominik 
Published: October 2016

AbstractTree susceptibility to potentially lethal agents is determined not only by attributes of individual trees, but also by neighborhood effects at a range of scales. For example, effects of disturbances on individual trees are often contingent on the size, configuration, and other properties of neighboring trees. Wildfires can modify postfire properties of individual trees as well as of entire forest stands, both of which can affect subsequent ecological processes, including subsequent disturbances. In recent years, much has been learned about how disturbances interact, but numerous questions concerning underlying mechanisms remain unresolved. For example, the relative importance of forest properties at different spatial scales in determining how fires affect forest susceptibility to subsequent disturbances is not well understood. This study explicitly compares the relative importance of tree vs. fine‐scale neighborhood effects (e.g., stand properties at <7 m radii), on susceptibility to a 1940s' spruce beetle outbreak. Attributes of individual trees and of stand structure were spatially reconstructed at five 250‐m2 sites that were partly burned in the late 19th century and then affected by spruce beetle outbreak in the 1940s. Random Forest models and classification trees were used to compare the relative importance of variables for susceptibility to spruce beetle attack. Individual tree properties (diameter at breast height and age) were the most important predictors of susceptibility to the outbreak across all sites combined and at each of the sites individually. In contrast, neighborhood effects were poor predictors of susceptibility. This study suggests wildfires reduce susceptibility to outbreaks primarily by reducing the size of postfire live trees and only secondarily by modifying stand structure. One implication of this is that management strategies that aim to modify stand structure over large areas in order to reduce susceptibility to spruce beetle outbreaks may be unnecessarily intensive.
Local site conditions drive climate–growth responses ofPicea marianaandPicea glaucain interior Alaska
Authors: Nicklen E. Fleur , Roland Carl A. , Ruess Roger W. , Schmidt Joshua H. , Lloyd Andrea H. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe growth response of boreal forest trees to projected changes in climate will have wide ranging and cascading impacts on disturbance regimes, climate feedbacks, carbon storage, and habitat ranges for flora and fauna. Recent findings in Alaska suggest the boreal biome is shifting in response to changes in climate. It is unlikely such a shift will occur in a uniform manner over a landscape variable in topography and site conditions, although there is little consensus of how local site characteristics will interact with climate to alter tree growth patterns. Few studies of tree growth responses to climate in the boreal forest have used randomized study designs encompassing the full range of site conditions, leaving open the question of whether observed patterns in tree growth at local scales are wholly representative of the boreal forest. We addressed these issues using a systematic sampling design to quantify the landscape‐scale patterns in annual growth forPicea marianaandPicea glauca, the two most abundant tree species in interior Alaska. We used measurements of annual tree growth based on increment cores taken from trees distributed across a 1.28 million‐ha study area in Denali National Park and Preserve. We found site‐specific variables, namely near‐surface permafrost, slope angle, and elevation, strongly modified the magnitude, shape, and, in some cases, the direction of growth response to climatic conditions for both species. With predicted warming, our results suggest bothP. marianaandP. glaucawill decrease growth in areas underlain by shallow permafrost.P. marianagrowth may increase on flat terrain, but decrease on steep slopes, whileP. glaucagrowth will show the greatest increases at high elevations during very warm summers. Our results suggest future shifts in these species distributions in response to a changing climate will be conditional on variation in site factors operating at local scales.