bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor in Adrenal Zona
Fasciculata Cells Promotes Cortisol Secretion: Implications for the Development
of Menopause-Associated Diseases
Authors: Wu Jing-Gen , Zhao Peng , Yang Jing , Wang Ming-Juan , Chen Jian-Hua , Li Xiao-Yong , Ying Xue , Lu Yong-Chao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objective Changes in postmenopausal hormone levels are associated with a
variety of disorders. This study elucidated the mechanism by which
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) increases cortisol production involved in
development of menopause-related diseases.
Methods The expression of FSH receptors (FSHRs) in murine adrenal zona
fasciculata (AZF) cells and ATC7 cells was verified by immunofluorescence,
western blotting and RT–PCR. The function of FSHR in promoting cortisol
production was analyzed by cell culture and molecular biological methods. FSHR
signaling pathways in ATC7 cells were analyzed by ELISA, qRT–PCR, and western
blotting. Further, a mouse model was established by ovariectomy. Ovariectomized
mice were treated with GnRHa. Ovariectomized mice initially received
physiological doses of estrogen and were then injected with recombinant FSH.
Then serum FSH, luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, and cortisol, and bone
mineral density (BMD), blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were
determined.
Results FSHRs were expressed in murine AZF cells and ATC7 cells. FSH
accelerated cortisol production through activated protein kinase A (PKA), cyclic
adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-response element binding protein (CREB), protein
kinase B (PKB/AKT) and 5ʼ AMP-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways
by Gsα-coupled FSHRs in ATC7 cells. Serum FSH levels (P<0.001) were
elevated in ovariectomized mice with concurrent increases in cortisol
(P<0.01), areal BMD (aBMD) (P<0.05), volumetric BMD
(vBMD) (P<0.05), systolic BP (SBP) (P<0.05), diastolic BP
(DBP) (P<0.05), and HR (P<0.05). However, the administration
of GnRHa suppressed the increase in FSH levels and the elevation of cortisol,
aBMD, vBMD, SBP, DBP, and HR induced by ovariectomy, even in the presence of
normal serum estradiol levels.
Conclusion The study findings indicate that elevated FSH levels stimulate
cortisol secretion, through a mechanism related to FSHRs expression in AZF
cells.
From modern pathogenetic insights and molecular understanding to new deescalating therapeutic strategies in gastric MALT-lymphoma
Authors: Fischbach Wolfgang , Eck Matthias , Rosenwald Andreas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBased on new insights into the aetiology and pathogenesis of gastric marginal-zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT (MALT-lymphoma) and its histomorphological and molecular characteristics, important progress in our understanding of the disease and its clinical management has been made during the last decades. A landmark in this development was the identification of Helicobacter pylori as the decisive pathogenetic factor for gastric MALT lymphoma. We, here, give an overview about the history and the current knowledge of the histology, genetics, and molecular characteristics and pathogenesis of gastric MALT lymphoma. We then focus on how these findings have fundamentally changed its clinical management over the last three decades with consequent deescalating therapeutic strategies.
Diversity, equity, and inclusion in gastrointestinal endoscopy: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Position Statement
Authors: Pellisé Maria , Ebigbo Alanna , van Herwaarden Yasmijn J. , van Malenstein Hannah , Papanikolaou Ioannis S. , Pawlak Katarzyna M. , Voiosu Andrei M. , Afify Shimaa , Alkandari Asma , Araujo Isis K. , Awadelkarim Bidour , Benjaminov Fabiana , García Campos Maria , Sundaram Sridhar , Triantafyllou Konstantinos , Vlad Andreea , Arvanitakis Marianna , Bisschops Raf , Hassan Cesare , Messmann Helmut , Gralnek Ian M. 
Published: September 2024

Statements
1 The European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) adheres to the overarching principles of equality of opportunity, fair treatment, nondiscrimination, and diversity of health care professionals.
2 ESGE strongly supports the creation of collaborations within and between national and international endoscopy societies to disseminate the principles of diversity, equality, and inclusion (DEI) in the field of gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.
3 ESGE aims to reflect the diversity of its membership in all its scientific and educational activities.
4 ESGE supports the fostering of collaborative work settings that empower all members of the endoscopy team to reach their full potential.
5 ESGE supports international and national endoscopy societies in promoting equitable access to high quality endoscopy training.
6 ESGE recommends the implementation of ergonomic principles in endoscopy units to prevent injuries and to provide adapted workplace conditions for personnel with disabilities and/or special needs.
7 ESGE recommends comprehensive mentorship, that includes diverse backgrounds, and equitable sponsorship for professional development, training, and academic excellence.
8 ESGE recommends that endoscopists actively identify, discuss, and attempt to accommodate reasonable patient preferences and expectations regarding endoscopy procedures.
9 ESGE advocates for educational and awareness campaigns targeting both health care professionals and patients, as well as the adoption of cost-effective health care strategies to address disparities and enhance equity in endoscopy care.
10 ESGE is committed to increasing support for underrepresented scholars and minorities pursuing research in endoscopy.
11 ESGE identifies mentorship and sponsorship as factors that may mitigate the barriers to academic careers for underrepresented endoscopy scholars.
12 ESGE recognizes the need to increase awareness of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the field of endoscopy and supports publications on these topics.
Recent Synthetic Applications of the Birch Reduction
Authors: Linker Torsten 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Birch reduction has found a renaissance during the last two decades. In this Synpacts article a short summary of selected recent synthetic applications will be provided. 1,4-Cyclohexadienes, which are formed by Birch reduction in one step, are suitable precursors for radical reactions and are used as surrogates for difficult-to-handle substances. Their rearomatization under acidic conditions offers easy access to selectively alkylated arenes. Additionally, the Birch reduction of benzoic acids and subsequent trapping afford spiro compounds in high yields. Very recently, it was shown that 1,3-cyclohexadienes are directly available by Birch reduction in a one-pot reaction as well.1	Introduction2	Rearomatizations3	Synthesis of Spiro Compounds4	Synthesis of 1,3-Cyclohexadienes5	Conclusion
The Gastroscopy RAte of Cleanliness Evaluation (GRACE) Scale: an international reliability and validation study
Authors: Esposito Gianluca , Dilaghi Emanuele , Costa-Santos Cristina , Ligato Irene , Annibale Bruno , Dinis-Ribeiro Mário , Areia Miguel ,   GRACE Investigators
Published: September 2024

Background Mucosal visualization during upper gastrointestinal (UGI) endoscopy can be impaired by the presence of foam, bubbles, and mucus. Some UGI endoscopy visibility scales have been proposed but have not undergone multicenter validation. This study aimed to develop and validate the Gastroscopy RAte of Cleanliness Evaluation (GRACE) scale.
Methods A multicenter, international, cross-sectional study was conducted. The GRACE scale is based on a score from 0 (worst) to 3 (excellent) for esophagus, stomach, and duodenum, for a total ranging from 0 to 9. In phase 1, four expert endoscopists evaluated 60 images twice, with a 2-week interval between rounds; in phase 2, the same 60 images were scored twice by one expert and one nonexpert endoscopist from 27 endoscopy departments worldwide. For reproducibility assessment and real-time validation, the scale was applied to consecutive patients undergoing gastroscopy at each center.
Results On internal validation, interobserver agreement was 0.81 (95 %CI 0.73–0.87) and 0.80 (95 %CI 0.72–0.86), with reliability of 0.73 (95 %CI 0.63–0.82) and 0.72 (95 %CI 0.63–0.81), in the two rounds, respectively. On external validation, overall interobserver agreement was 0.85 (95 %CI 0.82–0.88) and reliability was 0.79 (95 %CI 0.73–0.84). In real-time evaluation, the overall proportion of correct classifications was 0.80 (95 %CI 0.77–0.82).
Conclusions The GRACE scale showed good interobserver agreement, reliability, and validity. The widespread use of this scale could enhance quality and standardize the assessment of mucosal cleanliness during UGI endoscopy, pushing endoscopists to strive for excellent visibility and reducing the risk of missed lesions.
Mechanochemistry: A Resurgent Force in Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Mukherjee Nirmalya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMechanochemistry, a solvent-free approach that harnesses mechanical energy, is emerging as a transformative technique in modern chemistry. It has emerged from a niche technique to a versatile tool with broad applications. By inducing physical and chemical transformations, it enables the synthesis of complex molecules and nanostructured materials. Recent advancements have extended its applications beyond simple physical transformations to encompass catalytic processes, unlocking new possibilities for selective synthesis and product design. This account delves into the fundamentals of mechanochemistry and its applications in organic synthesis, also beyond traditional synthetic routes. Mechanochemistry offers new avenues for molecular and materials discovery, expanding the scope of accessible chemical space.1	Introduction2	Organic Synthesis in Ball Mills3	Combination with Different Energy Sources4	Advantages of Mechanochemistry5	Future of Mechanochemistry6	Conclusion
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Domino Ring-Opening Cyclization of Azetidines with Alkynes: Synthesis of Tetrahydropyridines
Authors: Ghorai Manas K. , Shukla Dipti , Singh Shishir , Sharma Amit Kumar , Singh Bharat , Bhattacharyya Aditya , Talukdar Ranadeep 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA simple strategy for the synthesis of a variety of tetrahydropyridines in good to excellent yields via a Cu(OTf)2 catalyzed quaternary ammonium salt mediated ring-opening of activated azetidines followed by cyclization with alkynes in a domino ring-opening cyclization (DROC) is described. The formation of the products has been explained by an SN2-type ring-opening of azetidines with alkynes.
Sodium Metabisulfite Mediated Synthesis of Bis(pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidin-3-yl)methanes from Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines with Dimethyl Sulfoxide as a C1 Synthon
Authors: Saha Samiran , Keerthana Hariharasubramanian Sai , Naresh Ainala , Chatterjee Tanmay , Pattanayak Paramita , Satyanarayana Appanapalli N. V. , Girase Yogesh K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe report an unprecedented synthesis of bis(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)methanes, a new class of di(hetaryl)methanes, from pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines by using DMSO as a C1 synthon (methylene source). The transformation is mediated by sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5), which plays a crucial role in the presence of acetic acid as a promoter. A wide variety of bis(pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl)methanes were synthesized in moderate to good yields of up to 90%. Mechanistic studies suggested that the reaction follows an ionic pathway, probably involving a methyl(methylene)sulfonium ion as an active electrophilic species formed in situ by the reaction of DMSO with Na2S2O5.
Medical Costs of Patients Undergoing Esophageal Atresia Repair are Mainly Influenced by Associated Malformations
Authors: Pardey Nicolas , Zeidler Jan , Blaser Jochen , Becker Nastassja , Dingemann Jens , Ure Benno , Schukfeh Nagoud 
Published: September 2024

Background Esophageal atresia (EA) is a rare disease requiring surgical repair, usually within the first days of life. Patients with EA require intensive postoperative care and often have comorbidities. There is a lack of data on the costs incurred by patients with EA during the first year of life.
Methods Anonymized claims data were provided by the Techniker Krankenkasse (∼10.8 million clients). Data were extracted for patients who had an inpatient diagnosis of EA (International Classification of Diseases [ICD]: Q39.0 or Q39.1) and a reconstruction of the esophageal passage in case of atresia (Operationen-und Prozedurenschlüssel [German version of ICPM, International Classification of Procedures in Medicine; OPS] 5–428.0 to 5–428.7, 5–316.1 or 5–431.0) during their first hospital stay. All patients were in their first year of life at initial hospitalization (2016–2020) and were followed up for 1 year. Costs, length of hospital stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation and differentiated OPS services were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the determinants of hospital costs.
Results A total of 119 patients with EA were included (55.5% male). The mean cost of the 1-year observation period was €89,736 ± 97,419 (range €12,755–640,154). The increasing costs of the initial hospitalization led to a disproportionate increase in the costs of the 1-year observation period. The presence of an associated malformation combined with surgical complications was associated with almost five-fold higher costs than in patients without an associated malformation and an uncomplicated course (€193,103 ± 157,507 vs. €39,846 ± 33,473). The mean duration of mechanical ventilation was 23.2 ± 43.1 days and the mean length of hospital stay was 80.3 ± 77.2 days.
Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the costs of EA patients in the first year of life. The presence of an associated malformation combined with surgical complications was associated with almost five-fold higher costs than in patients without an associated malformation and an uncomplicated course.
Recyclable Pd(OAc)2/2P(3-tol)3/PEG-400 System for Regio- and Stereoselective Addition of Boronic Acids to Ynamides
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Wei Li , Liu Rong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPd(OAc)2/2P(3-tol)3 in poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-400) is shown to be a highly efficient catalyst for the regio- and stereoselective addition of boronic acids to ynamides. The reaction proceeds smoothly at 70 °C with Na2CO3 as base, delivering a variety of (Z)-α,β-disubstituted enamides in good to excellent yields with high regio- and stereoselectivity. The isolation of the crude products can be facilely performed by extraction with diethyl ether and more importantly, the Pd(OAc)2/2P(3-tol)3/PEG-400 system could be readily recycled and reused more than six times without any significant loss of its catalytic efficiency.
An Unusual Case of Cerebellar Tonsillar Descent till C7 Vertebrae in a Case of Chiari Malformation with Meningomyelocele
Authors: Acharya Abhijit , Mahapatra A. K. , Tripathy Soubhagya , Panigrahi Souvagya , Deo Rama Chandra , Senapati Satya Bhusan , Begum Mehnaj 
Published: September 2024

AbstractArnold–Chiari or Chiari malformations are a group of posterior fossa malformations that include the pons, medulla, and cerebellum. This group of disorders may consist of associated abnormalities like myelomeningocele and encephalocele. Chiari malformation has been classified majorly into four categories. Chiari I malformation has been defined as tonsillar descent more than 5 mm below the level of the foramen magnum. The maximum descent of tonsillar herniation reported is 27 mm below the foramen magnum around the C2 vertebrae. In this study, we report the case of a 4-month-old infant with swelling over the lumbosacral (LS) spine since birth with a gradually progressive increase in head size since the age of 2 months. The infant had occasional stridor with respiratory distress for 2 months. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spine revealed gross hydrocephalous with myelomeningocele at the L1–L5 level with associated Chiari malformation. The tonsillar descent was almost at the level of C7, which was unusual in his patient. The infant underwent a right ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement and myelomeningocele repair. It was decided that the malformation would be managed in the second sitting. The postoperative period was uneventful and the respiratory distress improved. Cases of tonsillar descent (Chiari I malformation) to the C7 vertebral level are very rare.
Osteotomía de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia en inestabilidad patelar: No hay diferencias en resultados clínicos funcionales o consolidación entre una fijación con 1 tornillo de 6,5 mm y 2 tornillos de 4 mm
Authors: Vaisman Alex , Guiloff Rodrigo , Schmidt-Hebbel Andrés , Arellano Sergio , Calvo Rafael , Figueroa David 
Published: September 2024

Resumen
Introducción Osteotomías de la tuberosidad anterior de la tibia (TAT) pueden fijarse con uno o más tornillos; no obstante, existe limitada evidencia sobre el número idóneo de tornillos.
Objetivo Comparar los resultados funcionales, radiológicos y las complicaciones de pacientes sometidos a osteotomías de la TAT fijadas con 1 tornillo de 6,5 mm y con 2 tornillos de 4 mm. Nuestra hipótesis es la de que, con la fijación de la TAT con 2 tornillos de 4 mm, se logran mejores resultados funcionales y radiológicos y menos complicaciones.
Materiales y Métodos Estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico, con 30 pacientes sometidos a osteotomía de la TAT fijada con 1 tornillo de esponjosa de 6,5 mm (grupo 1; n = 15) o 2 tornillos de esponjosa de 4 mm (grupo 2; n = 15), con mínimo de 2 años de seguimiento. Se excluyeron pacientes sometidos a reconstrucción del ligamento patelofemoral medial, y aquellos con enfermedad inflamatoria o degenerativa avanzada de rodilla. Se registraron datos clínicos, radiológicos y complicaciones. Se utilizaron las escalas de Lysholm y de Kujala para la evaluación funcional, y la de Cornu, para la consolidación. En el análisis estadístico, valores de p < 0,05 fueron considerados significativos, y se consideró grado 1 en la escala de Cornu como parámetro de consolidación ósea.
Resultados Respecto a los resultados funcionales, en la escala de Lysholm, la mediana del puntaje en el grupo 1 fue de 78 (rango: 23–95), y en el grupo 2, de 81 (rango: 25–100) (p = 0,632); y en la escala de Kujala, la mediana en el grupo 1 fue de 79 (rango: 38–97) puntos, y en el grupo 2, de 80 (rango: 39–100) puntos (p = 0,819). La mediana del tiempo hasta la consolidación ósea en ambos grupos fue de 2 meses (p = 0,694). Respecto a las complicaciones, se observó un caso de retraso de unión y un caso de retirada sintomãtica del dispositivo en cada grupo.
Conclusión No se encontraron diferencias clínicas ni radiológicas significativas entre fijar las osteotomías de la TAT con 1 tornillo de 6,5 mm o 2 tornillos de 4 mm.
Nivel de Evidencia IV.
Artroplastía total de rodilla en desejes coronales >15°: Comparación de resultados a corto plazo entre el uso de componentes primarios versus semiconstreñidos
Authors: Vaisman Alex , Anastasiadis Zoy , Guiloff Rodrigo , Valderrama Carlos , Arellano Sergio , Edwards Diego 
Published: September 2024

Resumen
Objetivo Comparar los resultados clínicos e imagenológicos de pacientes con desejes coronales en varo o valgo sometidos a prótesis de rodilla estabilizada posterior (EP) versus implantes semiconstreñidos (SC).
Métodos Estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con alineamiento mecánico (AM) > 15°, sometidos a prótesis EP o SC. Todos los procedimientos fueron realizados en el mismo centro entre 2004 y 2018. La decisión fue determinada por parámetros clínicos, radiológicos e intraoperatorios. Pacientes con seguimiento incompleto o menor a 1 año fueron excluidos. Datos demográficos, deformidad pre y postoperatoria, complicaciones y resultados funcionales fueron evaluados a través de ficha clínica.
Resultados 39 cumplieron criterios de selección. Grupo EP: 27 pacientes, edad promedio 69 años [49-82]; 59,3% varo y 40,7% valgo. Grupo SC: 12 pacientes, edad promedio 69.3 años [41-89]; 33,3% varo y 66,7% valgo. Sin estadística significativa respecto a datos demográficos ni AM. Seguimiento promedio PS = 49,1 meses / SC= 22 meses. Escala de KOOS fue 74,1 para EP y 85,2 para SC (p > 0,05). Escala de WOMAC fue significativamente mejor en grupo SC. El RM promedio postoperatorio fue EP= activo: 1,9°-101°; pasivo: 1,6°- 108,4° /SC= activo: 2,5-110°, pasivo: 1,9-117°. Se encontró diferencia estadística significativa para flexión activa (p = 0.03) y pasiva (p = 0.04) en SC. Corrección de la AM fue EP= 14,9 [3°-31°] / SC = 19° [13°-28°] (p = 0.09). No se reportaron complicaciones tromboembólicas ni infecciosas.
Conclusión Prótesis de rodilla EP y SC son opciones válidas para pacientes con desejes coronales >15°. La escala de WOMAC y flexión muestra resultados significativamente mejores con prótesis SC a casi dos años de seguimiento.
Nivel de Evidencia IV.
Osteochondroma of the Tentorium Cerebelli: Report of the First Case and Review of Literature
Authors: Dharanipathy Sundarakrishnan , Sharma Rajeev , Sharma Mehar Chand 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOsteochondromas are tumors composed of both bony and cartilaginous elements. These slow-growing lesions commonly occur in the appendicular skeleton. Intracranial presentation is extremely rare with very isolated case reports in the literature. We present here the first case of an osteochondroma arising from the tentorium cerebelli with a nonsystematic review of all cases of intracranial osteochondromas reported in the English literature till now. A literature search was performed by two authors independently using PubMed and Google Scholar search engines. Osteochondromas in the intracranial compartment were included. Baseline parameters like age, sex, site, radiological findings, treatment outcomes, and complications were analyzed. Thirty-two cases were included in the review. The mean age of presentation was 33 years and males were affected more than females. The skull base was the most common site of origin followed by the convexity and falcine dura. Gross total excision was achieved in all cases involving the supratentorial compartment (n = 14). Skull base osteochondroma excision can lead to serious complications due to iatrogenic injury to critical neurovascular structures. Surgery is the primary modality of treatment and there is no role for radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Multiple sections of the tumor should be subjected to histopathological examination to avoid missing low-grade chondrosarcomas.