bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preventing Respiratory Viral Transmission in Long-Term Care: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Healthcare Personnel
Authors: O’Neil Caroline A. , Kim Lindsay , Prill Mila M. , Stone Nimalie D. , Garg Shikha , Talbot H. Keipp , Babcock Hilary M. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVETo examine knowledge and attitudes about influenza vaccination and infection prevention practices among healthcare personnel (HCP) in a long-term-care (LTC) setting.DESIGNKnowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) survey.SETTINGAn LTC facility in St Louis, Missouri.PARTICIPANTSAll HCP working at the LTC facility were eligible to participate, regardless of department or position. Of 170 full- and part-time HCP working at the facility, 73 completed the survey, a 42.9% response rate.RESULTSMost HCP agreed that respiratory viral infections were serious and that hand hygiene and face mask use were protective. However, only 46% could describe the correct transmission-based precautions for an influenza patient. Correctly answering infection prevention knowledge questions did not vary by years of experience but did vary for HCP with more direct patient contact versus less patient contact. Furthermore, 42% of respondents reported working while sick, and 56% reported that their coworkers did. In addition, 54% reported that facility policies made staying home while ill difficult. Some respondents expressed concerns about the safety (22%) and effectiveness (27%) of the influenza vaccine, and 28% of respondents stated that they would not get the influenza vaccine if it was not required.CONCLUSIONSThis survey of staff in an LTC facility identified several areas for policy improvement, particularly sick leave, as well as potential targets for interventions to improve infection prevention knowledge and to address HCP concerns about influenza vaccination to improve HCP vaccination rates in LTCs.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1449–1456
Comments on avalanche flow models based on the concept of random kinetic energy
Authors: ISSLER DIETER , JENKINS JAMES T. , McELWAINE JIM N. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTIn a series of papers, Bartelt and co-workers developed novel snow-avalanche models in which random kinetic energy (RKE) RK (a.k.a. granular temperature) is a key concept. The earliest models were for a single, constant density layer, using a Voellmy model but with RK-dependent friction parameters. This was then extended to variable density, and finally a suspension layer (powder-snow cloud) was added. The physical basis and mathematical formulation of these models are critically reviewed here, with the following main findings: (i) Key assumptions in the original RKE model differ substantially from established results on dense granular flows; in particular, the effective friction coefficient decreases to zero with velocity in the RKE model. (ii) In the variable-density model, non-canonical interpretation of the energy balance leads to a third-order evolution equation for the flow depth or density, whereas the stated assumptions imply a first-order equation. (iii) The model for the suspension layer neglects gravity and disregards well-established theoretical and experimental results on particulate gravity currents. Some options for improving these aspects are discussed.
Sediment behavior controls equilibrium width of subglacial channels
Authors: DAMSGAARD ANDERS , SUCKALE JENNY , PIOTROWSKI JAN A. , HOUSSAIS MORGANE , SIEGFRIED MATTHEW R. , FRICKER HELEN A. 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTFlow-frictional resistance at the base of glaciers and ice sheets is strongly linked to subglacial water pressure. Understanding the physical mechanisms that govern meltwater fluxes in subglacial channels is hence critical for constraining variations in ice flow. Previous mathematical descriptions of soft-bed subglacial channels assume a viscous till rheology, which is inconsistent with laboratory data and the majority of field studies. Here, we use a grain-scale numerical formulation coupled to pore-water dynamics to analyze the structural stability of channels carved into soft beds. Contrary to the soft-bed channel models assuming viscous till rheology, we show that the flanks of till channels can support substantial ice loads without creep closure of the channel, because the sediment has finite frictional strength. Increased normal stress on the channel flanks causes plastic failure of the sediment, and the channel rapidly shrinks to increase the ice-bed contact area. We derive a new parameterization for subglacial channelized flow on soft beds and show that channel dynamics are dominated by fluvial erosion and deposition processes with thresholds linked to the plastic rheology of subglacial tills. We infer that the described limits to channel size may cause subglacial drainage to arrange in networks of multiple closely spaced channels.
Star Scheduling Mode—A New Observing Strategy for Monitoring Weak Southern Radio Sources with the AuScope VLBI Array
Authors: McCallum Lucia , Mayer David , Le Bail Karine , Schartner Matthias , McCallum Jamie , Lovell Jim , Titov Oleg , Shu Fengchun , Gulyaev Sergei 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe International Celestial Reference Frame suffers from significantly less observations in the southern hemisphere compared to the northern one. One reason for this is the historically low number of very long baseline interferometry radio telescopes in the south. The AuScope very long baseline interferometry array with three new telescopes on the Australian continent and an identical antenna in New Zealand were built to address this issue. While the overall number of observations in the south has greatly improved since then, a closer look reveals that this improvement is only true for strong radio sources (source flux densities >0.6 Jy). The new array of small very long baseline interferometry antennas has a relatively low baseline sensitivity so that only strong sources can be observed within a short integration time. A new observing strategy, the star scheduling mode, was developed to enable efficient observations of weak sources during geodetic sessions, through the addition of a single more sensitive antenna to the network. This scheduling mode was implemented in the Vienna very long baseline interferometry Software and applied in four 24-h sessions in 2016. These observations provide updated positions and source flux densities for 42 weak southern radio sources and significantly reduce the formal uncertainties for these sources. The star scheduling mode now allows the AuScope very long baseline interferometry array to undertake greater responsibility in monitoring sources in the southern sky, without significantly weakening the session for geodetic purposes.
Complexities of local cultural protection in conservation: the case of an Endangered African primate and forest groves protected by social taboos
Authors: Baker Lynne R. , Tanimola Adebowale A. , Olubode Oluseun S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractGlobally, some species and habitats receive protection through local belief systems (e.g. indigenous religions) and informal institutions (e.g. social norms and taboos). Where such systems represent the only form of protection for threatened species or environments, they may be critical to the survival of those taxa and sites. We evaluated the effectiveness of long-standing social taboos protecting the Endangered Sclater's monkey Cercopithecus sclateri and forest groves in a community complex in Nigeria. Across its range (southern Nigeria), Sclater's monkey is effectively protected only through informal institutions. At our study site, we conducted a census of the monkey population; measured the area of sacred groves; and compared our findings with estimates from 2010 and 2005, respectively. We observed a 36% increase in the monkey population (from 249 to 339 individuals) in a core survey area. No groves that we assessed in 2005 had been fully cleared. Although we observed a decline in tree cover for several sacred forests, most groves used regularly by monkeys had changed little. The social taboos related to monkeys and sacred groves remain largely intact; however, other factors threaten the monkey population and remaining forests in this community complex, including the removal of tree patches to accommodate the construction of large residential buildings and the demand for cropland, as well as increased dumping of waste in forested sites. This study highlights the conservation importance and limitations of local cultural protection, as well as the challenges presented when such protection conflicts with community-perceived development needs.
Duration of untreated prodromal symptoms in a Chinese sample at a high risk for psychosis: demographic, clinical, and outcome
Authors: Zhang TianHong , Xu LiHua , Tang YingYing , Cui HuiRu , Wei YanYan , Wang JunJie , Tang XiaoChen , Li ChunBo , Wang JiJun 
Published: November 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) has been widely studied. However, for individuals with attenuated psychosis syndrome (APS), it is unclear whether the duration of untreated prodromal symptoms (DUPrS) also has a negative effect on the progression of psychosis. Our aim was to identify demographic and clinical factors contributing to the DUPrS in a large sample of individuals with APS, and to evaluate the association between DUPrS and the conversion to psychosis.MethodA sample of 391 individuals with APS, who were identified through a structured interview for prodromal syndromes, were included in this study, of whom a total of 334 patients had completed at least a 1-year clinical follow-up. A total of 57 individuals had converted to psychosis.ResultsThe average DUPrS was 4.8 months for the whole sample. Individuals with a longer DUPrS were likely to be men, non-local residents, with abnormal thought symptoms, a higher severity level of negative symptoms, the lower severity level of general symptoms, and lower level of general function before the onset of attenuated positive symptoms. A DUPrS of less than 2 months, or more than 6 months, lowered the risk for conversion to psychosis.ConclusionsOur data suggested that the association between the DUPrS and outcome in individuals with APS were likely to be different, which is either long or short DUPrS was not related to future psychosis onset. Individuals with APS were more likely to have a group of features associated with a longer DUPrS.
Person-fit feedback on inconsistent symptom reports in clinical depression care
Authors: Wanders Rob B. K. , Meijer Rob R. , Ruhé Henricus G. , Sytema Sjoerd , Wardenaar Klaas J. , de Jonge Peter 
Published: November 2017

BackgroundDepressive patients can present with complex and different symptom patterns in clinical care. Of these, some may report patterns that are inconsistent with typical patterns of depressive symptoms. This study aimed to evaluate the validity of person-fit statistics to identify inconsistent symptom reports and to assess the clinical usefulness of providing clinicians with person-fit score feedback during depression assessment.MethodsInconsistent symptom reports on the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self-Report (IDS-SR) were investigated quantitatively with person-fit statistics for both intake and follow-up measurements in the Groningen University Center of Psychiatry (n = 2036). Subsequently, to investigate the causes and clinical usefulness of on-the-fly person-fit alerts, qualitative follow-up assessments were conducted with three psychiatrists about 20 of their patients that were randomly selected.ResultsInconsistent symptom reports at intake (12.3%) were predominantly characterized by reporting of severe symptoms (e.g. psychomotor slowing) without mild symptoms (e.g. irritability). Person-fit scores at intake and follow-up were positively correlated (r = 0.45). Qualitative interviews with psychiatrists resulted in an explanation for the inconsistent response behavior (e.g. complex comorbidity, somatic complaints, and neurological abnormalities) for 19 of 20 patients. Psychiatrists indicated that if provided directly after the assessment, a person-fit alert would have led to new insights in 60%, and be reason for discussion with the patient in 75% of the cases.ConclusionsProviding clinicians with automated feedback when inconsistent symptom reports occur is informative and can be used to support clinical decision-making.
Evaluation of different Ethiopian common bean, Phaseolus vulgaris (Fabaceae) genotypes for host resistance to the Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae)
Authors: Tigist Shiferaw G. , Melis Rob , Sibiya Julia , Keneni Gemechu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractCommon bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) is amongst the most important grain legume crops in Africa in general, and Ethiopia in particular. The Mexican been weevil (Zabrotes subfasciatusBoheman) heavily attacks the grain of common bean. A total of 300 common bean entries were subjected to a ‘no-choice’ test at Melkassa Agricultural Research Centre, Ethiopia, using a randomized complete block design with three replications, to evaluate for resistance to the Mexican bean weevil. Data on insect and seed traits were collected and a significant level (P&lt;0.01) of variation in all parameters measured was observed amongst genotypes. Relative resistance was recorded in landraces, improved genotypes and breeding lines, but the resistant genotypes, RAZ-11, RAZ-36, RAZ-2, RAZ-44, RAZ-120, RAZ-40 and MAZ-203, showed consistently complete resistance, with zero index of susceptibility value. Two other promising entries were also identified from the breeding lines (SCR-11) and landrace collections (NC-16) of Ethiopia. Stratified ranking diagrams showed that accessions from different eco-geographical origins in Ethiopia and those with different colours showed different patterns of response to infestation. The Ethiopian bean breeding programme should take up the resistant genotypes for a comprehensive yield trial at the national level and direct release them as commercial varieties. The incorporation of bean weevil resistance genes into adapted varieties through backcross breeding techniques, supported with marker assisted selection, seems to be the best strategy not only in terms of time saving but also in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.
An improved ENSO simulation by representing chlorophyll-induced climate feedback in the NCAR Community Earth System Model
Authors: Kang Xianbiao , Zhang Rong-Hua , Gao Chuan , Zhu Jieshun 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe El Niño-Southern oscillation (ENSO) simulated in the Community Earth System Model of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR CESM) is much stronger than in reality. Here, satellite data are used to derive a statistical relationship between interannual variations in oceanic chlorophyll (CHL) and sea surface temperature (SST), which is then incorporated into the CESM to represent oceanic chlorophyll -induced climate feedback in the tropical Pacific. Numerical runs with and without the feedback (referred to as feedback and non-feedback runs) are performed and compared with each other. The ENSO amplitude simulated in the feedback run is more accurate than that in the non-feedback run; quantitatively, the Niño3 SST index is reduced by 35% when the feedback is included. The underlying processes are analyzed and the results show that interannual CHL anomalies exert a systematic modulating effect on the solar radiation penetrating into the subsurface layers, which induces differential heating in the upper ocean that affects vertical mixing and thus SST. The statistical modeling approach proposed in this work offers an effective and economical way for improving climate simulations.
Polarimetry and spectroscopy of the “oxygen flaring” DQ Herculis-like nova: V5668 Sagittarii (2015)
Authors: Harvey E. J. , Redman M. P. , Darnley M. J. , Williams S. C. , Berdyugin A. , Piirola V. E. , Fitzgerald K. P. , O’Connor E. G. P. 
Published: November 2017

Context. Classical novae are eruptions on the surface of a white dwarf in a binary system. The material ejected from the white dwarf surface generally forms an axisymmetric shell of gas and dust around the system. The three-dimensional structure of these shells is difficult to untangle when viewed on the plane of the sky. In this work a geometrical model is developed to explain new observations of the 2015 nova V5668 Sagittarii.
Aim. We aim to better understand the early evolution of classical nova shells in the context of the relationship between polarisation, photometry, and spectroscopy in the optical regime. To understand the ionisation structure in terms of the nova shell morphology and estimate the emission distribution directly following the light curve’s dust-dip.
Methods. High-cadence optical polarimetry and spectroscopy observations of a nova are presented. The ejecta is modelled in terms of morpho-kinematics and photoionisation structure.
Results. Initially observational results are presented, including broadband polarimetry and spectroscopy of V5668 Sgr nova during eruption. Variability over these observations provides clues towards the evolving structure of the nova shell. The position angle of the shell is derived from polarimetry, which is attributed to scattering from small dust grains. Shocks in the nova outflow are suggested in the photometry and the effect of these on the nova shell are illustrated with various physical diagnostics. Changes in density and temperature as the super soft source phase of the nova began are discussed. Gas densities are found to be of the order of 109 cm−3 for the nova in its auroral phase. The blackbody temperature of the central stellar system is estimated to be around 2.2 × 105 K at times coincident with the super soft source turn-on. It was found that the blend around 4640 Å commonly called “nitrogen flaring” is more naturally explained as flaring of the O II multiplet (V1) from 4638–4696 Å, i.e. “oxygen flaring”.
Conclusions. V5668 Sgr (2015) was a remarkable nova of the DQ Her class. Changes in absolute polarimetric and spectroscopic multi-epoch observations lead to interpretations of physical characteristics of the nova’s evolving outflow. The high densities that were found early-on combined with knowledge of the system’s behaviour at other wavelengths and polarimetric measurements strongly suggest that the visual “cusps” are due to radiative shocks between fast and slow ejecta that destroy and create dust seed nuclei cyclically.
Comparable Periprocedural Outcomes of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in Male and Female Patients with Type C Lesions
Authors: Reddy Narapureddy , Lalita Nemani 
Published: December 2017

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in type C lesions has low success and has high procedural risk. We aimed at studying the outcomes of PCI in patients with type C lesions.
Material and Methods Total 180 patients with type C lesions who underwent PCI from January 2007 to December 2014 were taken into study and analyzed.
Results Of 180 patients, 141(78.3%) were males and 39 (21.7%) were females. Mean hemoglobin concentration, mean serum triglycerides, and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly lower in females compared with males. Seventy-seven (42.8%) patients had lesions in right coronary artery, 67 (37.2%) had lesions in left anterior descending coronary artery, 31 (17.2%) had lesions in left circumflex artery, and 5 (2.8%) had left main coronary artery disease. Complex lesions were common in males. Chronic total occlusion (CTO) was found in 140 cases and other than CTO of type C lesions in 40 patients. Predilatation was done in 169 (93.9%) patients. Successful PCI was done in 157 (87.2%) patients. Lesion could not be crossed in 11 (6.1%) patients. Only plain old balloon angioplasty could be done in 9 (5%) patients. Other complications occurred in 3 (1.67%) patients. There was no difference between female and male patients in requiring predilatation or crossing the lesion or in not being able to deliver the stent.
Conclusion PCI success rate among patients with type C lesions was 87.2% with low-complication rate in the present era. There was no difference in between female and male patients in success rate or complications.
Secondary Treatment of Naso-orbital Ethmoid Injuries
Authors: Herford Alan 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCentral midface fractures should be treated early due to their propensity for secondary devastating and disfiguring consequences. For example, the expected sequelae to inadequately repaired naso-orbital ethmoid (NOE) injuries include shortened retruded nose, altered palpebral fissures, telecanthus, enophthalmos, and ocular dystopia, to name a few. Secondary repair of NOE fractures is indicated when primary surgical repair is not possible and for any of the aforementioned sequelae. When secondary repair of NOE fractures is necessary, these should be planned carefully while focusing on restoring facial function and aesthetics. Specific attention should focus on midface projection and intercanthal relationship. Virtual surgical planning as intraoperative navigation can be helpful for complex secondary reconstructions.
DaraEx verhindert Daratumumab-Interferenz im indirekten Antihumanglobulintest
Authors: Schneeweiß Clemens , Grüger Daniela , Heuft Hans-Gert 
Published: December 2017

ZusammenfassungDaratumumab ist ein humaner, monoklonaler Anti-CD38-Antikörper, der zur Therapie des multiplen Myeloms eingesetzt wird. CD38 ist ein Oberflächenmolekül, das auf einer Reihe von Zellen und Geweben exprimiert wird, auch auf Erythrozyten. Nach Verabreichung von Daratumumab kommt es regelmäßig zur Interferenz im indirekten Antihumanglobulintest (IAT). In der Folge werden alle auf dem IAT basierenden immunhämatologischen Testverfahren (serologische Verträglichkeitsproben, Antikörpersuchtests, Antikörperdifferenzierungen) unspezifisch positiv. Die Daratumumab-Interferenz kann bis zu 6 Monate nach Ende der Behandlung auftreten. Das aktuelle Standardverfahren mit Dithiothreitol (DTT) zur Behebung der Interferenz ist mit Nachteilen verbunden (unter anderem hoher Zeitbedarf, Beeinträchtigung der Erythrozytenmembran mit Zerstörung bestimmter Blutgruppen und Hämolyse). Wir stellen hier einen neuen, einfachen und zeitsparenden Ansatz zur Vermeidung der Daratumumab-Interferenz vor, der auch den mit DTT verbundenen Erythrozytenschaden vermeidet.
“Siamo vicini, no?”
Authors: Tudini Vincenza , Strambi Antonella 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Focusing specifically on the negotiation of commonality, this study explores rapport building (Spencer-Oatey, 2000) in online intercultural text chat, where Australian students of Italian interact with L1 Italian speakers. Although the initial purpose of the examined chat exchanges is to facilitate L2 acquisition, analysis of transcripts indicates that participants also seek to establish affiliation and friendship, through discussion of shared experiences, preferred leisure activities, and personal likings. Such orientation to like-mindedness and commonality can be an implicit concern in their interactions, as well as an explicit mentionable in their talk. Participants also successfully engage in complex face-saving and rapport maintenance strategies where there is potential for disagreement. Overall, the data suggest that identified rapport-building language and behaviors promote the establishment of positive relationships, as a key component of online intercultural text chat. Thus, from a pedagogical viewpoint, these interactions appear beneficial both for L2 learning and student wellbeing. The study concludes with suggestions for the integration of similar tasks into language programs.