bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing the impacts of tillage and fertilization management on nitrous oxide emissions in a cornfield using the DNDC model
Authors: Deng Qi , Hui Dafeng , Wang Junming , Yu Chih‐Li , Li Changsheng , Reddy K. Chandra , Dennis Sam 
Published: January 2016

AbstractQuantification and prediction of N2O emissions from croplands under different agricultural management practices are vital for sustainable agriculture and climate change mitigation. We simulated N2O emissions under tillage and no‐tillage,and different nitrogen (N) fertilizer types and application methods (i.e., nitrification inhibitor, chicken manure, and split applications) in a cornfield using the DeNitrification‐DeComposition (DNDC) model. The model was parameterized with field experimental data collected in Nashville, Tennessee, under various agricultural management treatments and run for a short term (3 years) and a long term (100 years). Results showed that the DNDC model could adequately simulate N2O emissions as well as soil properties under different agricultural management practices. The modeled emissions of N2O significantly increased by 35% with tillage, and decreased by 24% with the use of nitrification inhibitor, compared with no‐tillage and normal N fertilization. Chicken manure amendment and split applications of N fertilizer had minor impact on N2O emission in a short term, but over a long term (100 years) the treatments significantly altered N2O emission (+35%, −10%, respectively). Sensitivity analysis showed that N2O emission was sensitive to mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature, soil organic carbon, and the amount of total N fertilizer application. Our model results provide valuable information for determining agricultural best management practice to maintain highly productive corn yield while reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Epoxide Functional Temperature‐Sensitive Semi‐IPN Hydrogel Microspheres for Isolating Inorganic Nanoparticles
Authors: Ahmad H. , Alam M. M. , Rahman M. A. , Minami H. , Gafur M. A. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTIn this investigation, epoxide (oxirane), a cyclic ether with a three‐atom ring, functional semi‐interpenetrating polymer network (semi‐IPN) hydrogel microspheres composed of temperature‐sensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide‐N,N‐methylene‐bis‐acrylamide) (P(NIPAM‐MBAAm)) and P(NIPAM‐glycidyl methacrylate) (P(NIPAM‐GMA)) are prepared. We called these microspheres as P(NIPAM‐MBAAm)/P(NIPAM‐GMA). The microspheres exhibited temperature‐sensitive volume phase transition at a temperature range of 33–35°C. The chemical bonding of anticancer drugs with the epoxide ring increased the absorption capacity but their release is affected, as the temperature is decreased below the volume phase transition, studied under an in vitro condition suitable for application in the treatment of cancer cells. The epoxide functionality of semi‐IPN hydrogel microspheres is also utilized to isolate inorganic nanoparticles, using Fe3O4 nanoparticles as an example, simply by blending the hydrogel and magnetic (Fe3O4) dispersions. The presence of strained oxirane ring derived from GMA segment induced high affinity for semi‐IPN hydrogel microspheres toward magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles and eventually reduced the colloidal stability.
Expecting the unexpected: A mixed methods study of violence to EMS responders in an urban fire department
Authors: Taylor Jennifer A. , Barnes Brittany , Davis Andrea L. , Wright Jasmine , Widman Shannon , LeVasseur Michael 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundStruck by injuries experienced by females were observed to be higher compared to males in an urban fire department. The disparity was investigated while gaining a grounded understanding of EMS responder experiences from patient‐initiated violence.MethodsA convergent parallel mixed methods design was employed. Using a linked injury dataset, patient‐initiated violence estimates were calculated comparing genders. Semi‐structured interviews and a focus group were conducted with injured EMS responders.ResultsParamedics had significantly higher odds for patient‐initiated violence injuries than firefighters (OR 14.4, 95%CI: 9.2–22.2, P < 0.001). Females reported increased odds of patient‐initiated violence injuries compared to males (OR = 6.25, 95%CI 3.8–10.2), but this relationship was entirely mediated through occupation (AOR = 1.64, 95%CI 0.94–2.85). Qualitative data illuminated the impact of patient‐initiated violence and highlighted important organizational opportunities for intervention.ConclusionsMixed methods greatly enhanced the assessment of EMS responder patient‐initiated violence prevention. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:150–163, 2016. © 2016 The Authors. American Journal of Industrial Medicine Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer in World Trade Center responders: Findings from multiple cohorts and options for future study
Authors: Boffetta Paolo , Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Wallenstein Sylvan , Li Jiehui , Brackbill Robert , Cone James , Farfel Mark , Holden William , Lucchini Roberto , Webber Mayris P. , Prezant David , Stellman Steven D. 
Published: January 2016

BackgroundThree longitudinal studies of cancer incidence in varied populations of World Trade Center responders have been conducted.MethodsWe compared the design and results of the three studies.ResultsSeparate analyses of these cohorts revealed excess cancer incidence in responders for all cancers combined and for cancers of the thyroid and prostate. Methodological dissimilarities included recruitment strategies, source of cohort members, demographic characteristics, overlap between cohorts, assessment of WTC and other occupational exposures and confounders, methods and duration of follow‐up, approaches for statistical analysis, and latency analyses.ConclusionsThe presence of three cohorts strengthens the effort of identifying and quantifying the cancer risk; the heterogeneity in design might increase sensitivity to the identification of cancers potentially associated with exposure. The presence and magnitude of an increased cancer risk remains to be fully elucidated. Continued long‐term follow up with minimal longitudinal dropout is crucial to achieve this goal. Am. J. Ind. Med. 59:96–105, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Gebäude als netzdienliche Wärmespeicher
Authors: Klein Konstantin , Hermann Michael , Herkel Sebastian 
Published: January 2016

AbstractGebäude können einen Beitrag zur Energiewende leisten, indem sie bevorzugt Wind‐ und Sonnenstrom zum Heizen und Kühlen nutzen und die Energie in thermischer Form im Gebäude zwischenspeichern. Dieser Fachaufsatz analysiert die heutigen und zukünftigen Anforderungen an “netzdienliche” Gebäude und stellt ein Konzept vor, mit dem sich die Gebäudemasse selbst als Wärme‐ und Kältespeicher nutzen lässt. Das Konzept basiert auf TABSOLAR genannten, durchströmbaren Bauteilen aus Ultrahochleistungsbeton (UHPC) mit eingeformten FracTherm®‐Hohlraumstrukturen, welche sich thermisch aktivieren lassen. Aufgrund des innovativen Fertigungsverfahrens lassen sich sehr dünne Bauteile mit einer entsprechend geringen thermischen Trägheit realisieren. Im vorgestellten Anwendungsbeispiel werden TABSOLAR‐Elemente als deckeninstalliertes schnelles Wärmeübergabesystem in Verbindung mit einem thermisch mittels Wärmedämmung von der Zone getrennten, thermoaktiven Bauteil‐System (TABS) genutzt, dessen große thermische Masse als Wärmespeicher dient. Erste Simulationen zeigen, dass das gewählte Konzept einen Übergang zu netzdienlichem Betrieb der Wärmeversorgungsanlagen auf Basis von Wärmepumpen bei einer gleichzeitigen wesentlichen Verbesserung des Raumkomforts ermöglicht.Buildings as grid‐supportive heat storages – Requirements to buildings of the futureBuildings can contribute to the Energy Transition in Germany by using predominantly electricity generated by Wind and PV plants for heating and cooling and by storing energy in thermal form decentrally in the building. This paper analyzes present‐day and future requirements to ”grid‐supportive" buildings and presents a concept for using the building mass as a heat and cold storage. The concept is based on so‐called TABSOLAR construction elements made of Ultra High Performance Concrete (UHPC) which can be thermally activated via molded FracTherm® capillary fluid canals. Due to the innovative manufacturing process, very thin and thermally light components can be realized. In the example of use presented as part of this paper, TABSOLAR elements are used as a fast, ceiling‐mounted heat delivery system in combination with a thermally insulated thermally activated building System TABS, whose large thermal inertia serves as a heat storage. First simulations show that the chosen concept allows for a transition to ”grid‐supportive" heat generation using heat pumps and simultaneously improves thermal comfort significantly.
Neufassung der DIN 4103‐1 für nichttragende innere Trennwände
Authors: Eierle Benno , Gutsch Alex‐W. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDie DIN 4103‐1 “Nichttragende innere Trennwände – Teil 1: Anforderungen und Nachweise” ist eine der grundlegenden Normen des Ausbaus. Sie gilt prinzipiell für alle Bauarten und Baustoffe, d. h. für Mauerwerkswände ebenso wie für Trockenbaukonstruktionen oder Systemtrennwände aus Glas. Die bisherige Fassung aus dem Jahr 1984 hatte mit über 30 Jahren eine erstaunlich lange Haltbarkeit. Durch Veränderungen der umgebenden Normenlandschaft an vielen Stellen, z. B. die Einführung der Eurocodes, war nunmehr eine Anpassung der DIN 4103‐1 erforderlich. Der Beitrag stellt die wesentlichen Unterschiede in der Neufassung gegenüber dem bisherigen Stand dar.Da sich die DIN 4103‐1:1984 in Deutschland bewährt hatte, stand bei der Überarbeitung die Anpassung an die tangierenden Normen im Vordergrund. Weiterhin wurden einige Klarstellungen zu den bisherigen Regelungen aufgenommen. Als wesentliche Neuerung ist die Aufnahme des alternativen Nachweisverfahrens C für den weichen Stoß in Anlehnung an die ETAG 003 zu sehen.New DIN 4103‐1 for Internal non‐loadbearing partitionsDIN 4103‐1 “Internal non‐loadbearing partitions – Part 1: Requirements and verification” is one of the fundamental codes for interior construction. It applies in principle to all types and materials, that is masonry walls as well as drywall constructions or partitions made of glass. The previous version of 1984 had a surprisingly long validity. Due to changes in the surrounding codes, especially the introduction of the Eurocodes, an adaptation of DIN 4103‐1 was necessary. The article describes the main differences in the new version compared to the previous state.
Minimalinvasive Materialuntersuchungen an seilabgespannten Rohrmasten zur Bauwerkserhaltung
Authors: Mehdianpour Milad , Waßmuth Carl‐Friedrich 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAbgespannte Stahlrohrmaste zur Rundfunkübertragung wurden in den 1950er‐ und 60er‐Jahren häufig mit Paralleldrahtbündeln errichtet. Diese Seile werden seit geraumer Zeit wegen Korrosionsschäden sukzessive gegen vollverschlossene Spiralseile ausgetauscht. Infolge der damit einhergehenden Veränderung der Steifigkeiten ist mit dem Austausch oft eine Neuberechnung erforderlich. Unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen Normen können nicht immer alle Nachweise erfüllt werden, selbst wenn das Bauwerk weitgehend noch intakt erscheint. Rohrschaftsanierungen sind extrem aufwändig und können den wirtschaftlichen Totalschaden darstellen, d. h., dem Bauwerk droht Abriss und Neubau. Für die Sanierung des 231 m hohen abgespannten Stahlrohrmastes am Standort Berlin Scholzplatz wurden minimalinvasive Materialuntersuchungen vorgenommen, basierend auf In‐situ‐ und Labortests. In den statistischen Auswertungen konnte belegt werden, dass gegenüber den Angaben der Bauwerksdokumentation höhere Festigkeiten vorlagen. Durch präzise Lastannahmen und für das Bauwerk optimierte Seilvorspannungen konnten aufwändige Verstärkungsmaßnahmen des Rohrschaftes vermieden werden.Minimally invasive material tests on guyed tubular mastsGuyed tubular radio masts were erected in the fifties and sixties using parallel wire bundles. Due to corrosion problems, the guying must often be replaced by fully locked coil ropes. The measure changes the system stiffness and results often into the need of a repetitive calculation of the structure. Even without any material deterioration, it is not always possible to fulfill the (high) requirements of the actual standards. Strengthening works on the mast shaft are usually extremely costly and can cause a total loss of the structure economically. For the refurbishment of a 231 m high guyed tubular radio mast in Berlin Scholzplatz minimally invasive material testing was performed basing on a combination of in situ and lab testing. The statistical evaluation of the data showed that the existing material properties are better than specified in the original design documents of the structure. Costly renovation works on the mast shaft could be avoided and the mast was preserved.
Das Radom in Raisting am Ammersee – Die Instandsetzung eines Technikdenkmals
Authors: Barthel Rainer , Maus Helmut , Rehm Jörg 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDas Radom in Raisting wurde 1963 erbaut. Als Wetterschutz für eine der ersten Satellitenantennen der Welt dient eine Traglufthalle mit der Form eines Kugelabschnittes, einer Höhe von ca. 39,50 m und einem Durchmesser von 48,80 m. Über diese Anlage wurden in Deutschland erstmals interkontinentale Telefonverbindungen über Satellit möglich. Die Fernsehbilder der ersten Mondlandung und der Olympischen Spiele 1972 wurden hier übertragen. Die Membran, bestehend aus einem zweilagigen Polyestergewebe, hat bis 2010 ihren Dienst getan. 1999 wurde das Bauwerk in die Denkmalliste aufgenommen und in den Jahren 2010/11 umfassend saniert. Die Membran wurde unter Beibehaltung sämtlicher konstruktiver Anschlüsse ausgetauscht. Der Massivbau mit vielen typischen Details aus der Bebauungszeit wurde denkmalgerecht instand gesetzt, die technische Ausrüstung ertüchtigt und eine energetische Sanierung durchgeführt.The Radome in Raisting near Ammersee – The restoration of a technical monumentThe radome in Raisting was built in 1963. The weather protection of the sensible equipment was realized by a spherical airdome with a hight of 39.50 m and a diameter of 48.80 m. With this aerial system telecommunication via satellite was made possible for the first time in Germany. The live broadcasting of the moon landing and the Olympic Games in 1972 were transmitted from here. The polyester fabric membrane had been in use till 2010. In 1999 the Bavarian department listed the radome as a “monument of national interest”. From 2010 to 2011 an extensive restoration was arranged. The membrane was replaced using the existing connection details. The solid building with its details typical of the time, was restored taking all heritage requirements into consideration. The technical equipment was improved and energy‐saving measures implemented.
CJEU Judgment, Standardisation and Eurocode 6 / EuGH‐Urteil, Normung und Eurocode 6 – Aktuelle Fragen im Mauerwerksbau
Authors: Breitschaft Gerhard 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article reviews current challenges for the masonry industry from a regulatory perspective. First, the CJEU judgment and its consequences will be discussed. The judgment of 16 October 2014 will make fundamental changes in the German regulatory system necessary. How these will be implemented is not yet clear so that this article can only give an overview of the present situation (September 2015) in the discussions. What is clear is that the changes in the regulatory system will have repercussions in the field of standardisation. These repercussions will be outlined – in general and specifically for the masonry sector – in the second part of this article. Finally, the paper will look at the progress in the implementation of Eurocode 6 (Design of masonry structures).
Innovative façade technology using masonry – Solid construction 2.0 / Innovative Fassadentechnik mit Mauerwerk – massiv construction 2.0
Authors: Knaack Ulrich 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis article illustrates the solid building envelope both as an integral system and in terms of its potential for additive manufacturing. The Façade Research Group at the TU Delft works on the building envelope, investigating strategic and process support for development and planning processes and renovation technologies, as well as functionally integrated building envelopes. The Institute of Structural Mechanics and Design at the TU Darmstadt undertakes research and development in the areas of materials technologies (glass, polymers) and additive manufacturing as they relate to building structure.
Solid and timber construction in residential buildings / Massiv‐ und Holzbau bei Wohngebäuden
Authors: Walberg Dietmar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the context of a comprehensive analysis of the current situation in Germany’s residential sector as regards construction costs and developments in these, the Arbeitsgemeinschaft für zeitgemäßes Bauen e.V. (ARGE) undertook a specific study to investigate the use of the main materials for building walls (using both solid and timber construction methods) in residential buildings. In order to obtain comparable data, two buildings typical of the residential sector were modelled: an apartment block and a detached house. These reflect the current building situation in Germany.It should be noted that for both multi‐storey buildings and detached homes, if we look at the median cost, it is more economical to use masonry for the basic structure than timber. The cost advantage of the solid construction method over the timber method for detached houses is 4 %, and the median advantage for apartment blocks is between 4.7 and 6 %.The studies we used in our assessment of the sustainability of the building materials used (for example from TU Darmstadt) conclude that both construction methods (solid and timber) are comparable in terms of the ‘ecological balance sheet’ results achieved over their entire life cycles and occupancy phases.
Analytical thermo‐mechanics 3D model of friction pendulum bearings
Authors: Monti Giorgio , Petrone Floriana 
Published: January 2016

SummaryAmong the most effective seismic protection devices, friction pendulum (FP), whose conceptual basis lies in the pendulum motion and its simple analytical description, has now gained a widespread acceptance. All the studies carried out so far have explored almost all the remarkable features of this device. Among the most appealing are constant stiffness, constant oscillation period, and recentering capability. These studies – and the authors found no exception – have systematically made reference to the classical gravity pendulum equation, whose motion occurs only in one dimension (1D), according to one DOF: the polar angle θ. When the presence of bi‐directional seismic excitation required a 2D model, authors have resorted to the vector combination of the response of two orthogonal 1D pendulums, which we refer to as ‘1.5D’ pendulum. Actually, FP is more correctly described as a 2D spherical pendulum, consisting of a mass moving on a sphere with friction, according to two DOFs: the polar angle θ and the azimuth angle ϕ. The relevant analytical equations of motion are presented in this paper, also accounting for thermo‐mechanical coupling, to model the friction‐induced temperature on the contact surface. The so‐developed equations have been the object of an ample parametric study. This has allowed to observe some – sometimes notable – features in the FP response, both in free oscillation state and under bi‐directional or tri‐directional earthquake‐like action, which in some cases lead to a different response with respect to what is generally computed – and designed – under the simplified assumptions of 1D or ‘1.5D’ pendulum motion. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of biofilms in post‐tympanostomy tube otorrhea
Authors: Idicula Winslo K. , Jurcisek Joseph A. , Cass Nathan D. , Ali Syed , Goodman Steven D. , Elmaraghy Charles A. , Jatana Kris R. , Bakaletz Lauren O. 
Published: January 2016

Objectives/HypothesisOtitis media is a common problem in the pediatric population. Despite antibiotic therapy, post‐tympanostomy otorrhea can be difficult to treat. Biofilms have been shown to play a role in chronic and recurrent otitis media and are implicated in otorrhea. This study investigated both the microbial composition and the presence of biofilm fragments rich in extracellular DNA (eDNA) and the bacterial DNA‐binding protein, integration host factor (IHF), in post‐tympanostomy tube otorrhea.Study DesignClinical samples.MethodsInstitutional review board approval was obtained, and samples were recovered from pediatric patients with tympanostomy tubes and persistent otorrhea for both microbial culture and biofilm analysis. For biofilm assessment, frozen samples were sectioned and then labeled using a rabbit anti‐IHF, which was detected with goat anti‐rabbit IgG conjugated to AlexaFluor 594. Samples were then counterstained with 4',6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole (DAPI) to detect DNA, and images were captured by inverted light microscopy.ResultsOf 15 pediatric otorrhea samples analyzed, nine (60%) contained solids that were positive for labeling of IHF in association with a lattice of eDNA, and 75% yielded positive bacterial cultures. Bacterial culture results included H. influenzae, Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus, S. pneumoniae, M. catarrhalis, and P. aeruginosa.ConclusionPositive labeling of otorrhea solids for eDNA and IHF, in combination with microbiological culture results, indicated that biofilms likely played a key role in chronic otorrhea. Moreover, as a known critical structural component of biofilms, these findings suggest that DNABII proteins in association with eDNA may serve as an important therapeutic target in post‐tympanostomy tube otorrhea.Level of EvidenceNA. Laryngoscope, 126:1946–1951, 2016
Clinical significance of arterial stiffness in idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Chung Jae Ho , Lee Seung Hwan , Park Chul Won , Kim Changsun , Park Jin‐Kyu , Shin Jeong‐Hun 
Published: January 2016

Objectives/HypothesisTo investigate the clinical significance of arterial stiffness in the development and prognosis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).Study DesignA prospective case‐control study.MethodsFifty‐four adult patients with idiopathic SSNHL and 54 age‐ and sex‐matched controls were evaluated between January 2014 and May 2015. Arterial stiffness was assessed from brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), and other cardiovascular markers including blood pressure, body mass index, and lipid profiles were determined. The SSNHL patients were divided into two groups, recovery and nonrecovery, according to hearing recovery.ResultsBaPWV was higher in the SSNHL group than in the control group (P = .036), whereas comorbidity, anthropometric characteristics, blood pressure, and lipid profiles were similar. In addition, baPWV was correlated with initial hearing threshold, which indicated the severity of SSNHL (r = 0.38, P = .004). Univariate analysis showed that age, initial hearing threshold, and baPWV were higher in the nonrecovery group than the recovery group (P = .001, P = .004, and P = .007, respectively). There was also a significantly higher prevalence of a history of hypertension or diabetes in the nonrecovery group than in the recovery group. However, multivariate analysis showed that only the initial hearing threshold was associated with hearing recovery (P = .029).ConclusionsHigher baPWV, representative of arterial stiffness, was associated with development and severity of SSNHL, which supports the hypothesis of a vascular etiology for this disease. Arterial stiffness had limited value in predicting the prognosis of SSNHL.Level of Evidence3b. Laryngoscope, 126:1918–1922, 2016