bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intrinsic subtypes and genomic signatures of primary breast cancer and prognosis after systemic relapse
Authors: Falato Claudette , Tobin Nicholas P. , Lorent Julie , Lindström Linda S. , Bergh Jonas , Foukakis Theodoros 
Published: November 2015

Molecular subtypes and gene expression signatures are widely used in early breast cancer but their role in metastatic disease is less explored. Two hundred‐twenty patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer and subsequent relapse in Stockholm, Sweden between 1997 and 2006 were identified and their primary tumor was assessed for immunohistochemistry (IHC)‐ and PAM50‐based subtypes, risk of recurrence (ROR‐S) score, 21‐gene and 70‐gene signatures using research‐based microarray expression profiles. Clinical and pathological data were retrospectively collected. Post‐relapse survival within intrinsic subtypes and genomic signatures was investigated by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression methods. ROR weighted for proliferation index (ROR‐P) was explored and the prognostic contribution provided when combined to a clinical model estimated as change in LR‐ χ2. IHC classified 27%, 24%, 36% and 13% of the tumors as luminal A, luminal B, HER2+ and triple negative, respectively. PAM50 categorized 22%, 24%, 26%, 22%, 6% of the tumors as luminal A, luminal B, HER2‐enriched, basal‐like and normal‐like. Triple negative and basal tumors had a significantly shorter median post‐relapse survival in comparison with luminal. Overall, neither IHC nor PAM50 subtypes, 21‐ and 70‐ gene profiles were prognostic in multivariable models. Low and medium ROR‐S had a longer survival compared with the high‐risk group (23 vs 10 months; p = 0.04). ROR‐P independently correlated with post‐relapse survival (p = 0.002) and provided the most significant prognostic information when added to a clinical model. ROR score from primary tumor represents an independent prognostic factor of post‐relapse survival beyond classical clinical and pathological variables.
Common but different: The expanding realm of Cladosporium
Authors: Bensch K. , Groenewald J.Z. , Braun U. , Dijksterhuis J. , de Jesús Yáñez-Morales M. , Crous P.W. 
Published: November 2015

The genus Cladosporium (Cladosporiaceae, Dothideomycetes), which represents one of the largest genera of dematiaceous hyphomycetes, has been intensively investigated during the past decade. In the process, three major species complexes (C. cladosporioides,
C. herbarum and C. sphaerospermum) were resolved based on morphology and DNA phylogeny, and a monographic revision of the genus (s. lat.) published reflecting the current taxonomic status quo. In the present study a further 19 new species are described
based on phylogenetic characters (nuclear ribosomal RNA gene operon, including the internal transcribed spacer regions ITS1 and ITS2, as well as partial actin and translation elongation factor 1-α gene sequences) and morphological differences. For a selection of the species with ornamented
conidia, scanning electron microscopic photos were prepared to illustrate the different types of surface ornamentation. Surprisingly, during this study Cladosporium ramotenellum was found to be a quite common saprobic species, being widely distributed and occurring on various substrates.
Therefore, an emended species description is provided. Furthermore, the host range and distribution data for several previously described species are also expanded.
Investigation of Vibration and Thermal Buckling of Nanobeams Embedded in An Elastic Medium Under Various Boundary Conditions
Authors: Mashat D. S. , Zenkour A. M. , Sobhy M. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAnalyses of free vibration and thermal buckling of nanobeams using nonlocal shear deformation beam theories under various boundary conditions are precisely illustrated. The present beam is restricted by vertically distributed identical springs at the top and bottom surfaces of the beam. The equations of motion are derived using the dynamic version of Hamilton's principle. The governing equations are solved analytically when the edges of the beam are simply supported, clamped or free. Thermal buckling solution is formulated for two types of temperature change through the thickness of the beam: Uniform and linear temperature rise. To validate the accuracy of the results of the present analysis, the results are compared, as possible, with solutions found in the literature. Furthermore, the influences of nonlocal coefficient, stiffness of Winkler springs and span-to-thickness ratio on the frequencies and thermal buckling of the embedded nanobeams are examined.
‘DO YOU HEAR ME? IT IS ME, AKIGA’:
AKIGA'S STORY AND AKIGA SAI'S
HISTORY
Authors: Fardon Richard 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThe publication of a new translation of Akiga Sai's History of
the Tiv invites reappraisal of Akiga himself as a local
intellectual. This essay presents a biographical account of this early Tiv
convert to Christianity, locating his celebrated History in its
social, cultural, ethnic and historical contexts, and presents a provisional
narrative of his career subsequent to the publication of
Akiga's Story, the version of the
History edited by Rupert East. As such, it is intended as
an invitation to a full biography. The essay reconstructs, insofar as sources
permit, the complex relationship between Akiga, East, the Dutch Reformed Church
Mission and the International African Institute that led to the publication of
Akiga's Story in the form known until now,
comparing that version with the complete translation. Akiga's
History emerges from this re-examination as a compellingly
contemporary narrative engaged with the lived experience of ethnic
identification under colonial rule.
THOSE DAYS AND THESE DAYS: AKIGA'S NARRATIVIZATION OF THE TIV NATION IN HISTORY OF THE TIV
Authors: Tsaaior James Tar 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis article pays tribute to Akiga Sai (1898–1959) and his iconic status as the first great Tiv writer who recorded Tiv history, customs, beliefs and experiences during the turbulence unleashed by colonization and missionary intervention in the early twentieth century. It offers an appreciation of Akiga's vivid writing style and his achievements as both a historian and a recorder of his people's way of life, which was fast changing. The article presents the perspective of a younger Tiv generation who encountered Akiga Sai's work in the course of their education. Akiga, from this viewpoint, is not only an individual pioneer and creative genius, but also the representative of a better era, after which moral decay and a decline in communal health and well-being set in.
PROLOGUE: HISTORY OF THE TIV
Authors: Bergsma Harold M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis article introduces a new translation of Akiga Sai's History of the Tiv, a manuscript completed in Tiv by Akiga in 1935. Portions of Akiga's text, translated and annotated by Rupert East, were first published in English by the International African Institute in 1939 as Akiga's Story. But the new translation, available in the online version of the journal, is the first complete one: no section of the Tiv manuscript has been omitted, and the order of the material has been left as originally written by Akiga. This article tells the story of how Harold Bergsma, when working as a secondary school principal in Nigeria, rescued the Tiv typescript from the rubbish bin and deposited it in the University of Ibadan library; and how, some forty-five years later, he assembled a team of Tiv intellectuals to undertake the task of translation. It reflects on some of the linguistic challenges presented by the Tiv text, and draws attention to the rich and varied information the work contains – on clans, genealogies, plant and animal names, food preparation, marriage customs, the religious practices of the Tiv, and Akiga's own experiences of childhood, family, and encounters with akombo and witchcraft. The article is complemented by selections from Chapters 8 and 9 of the new translation, chosen and annotated by Richard Fardon.
FABRICS OF IDENTITY: UNIFORMS, GENDER AND ASSOCIATIONS IN THE CAMEROON GRASSFIELDS
Authors: Fokwang Jude 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper argues that the uniform, conceived as a special type of ‘social skin’, has been incorporated by individuals and groups into a complex chain of processes and meanings in the Cameroon Grassfields; I describe this practice as the uniformization of socio-cultural life. I demonstrate that uniforms, unlike ordinary clothing, are salient precisely because of their unique role as markers of collective identity but also because they embody and simultaneously express the paradox of similarity and difference. Central to these processes and construction of meaning are community-based associations that have elevated the uniform to a new kind of orthodoxy. These perspectives are borne out by ethnographic interpretations of the ways in which variously positioned subjects in the Grassfields relate to and embody the special object that the uniform represents.
Low-temperature-processed efficient semi-transparent planar perovskite solar cells for bifacial and tandem applications
Authors: Fu Fan , Feurer Thomas , Jäger Timo , Avancini Enrico , Bissig Benjamin , Yoon Songhak , Buecheler Stephan , Tiwari Ayodhya N. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSemi-transparent perovskite solar cells are highly attractive for a wide range of applications, such as bifacial and tandem solar cells; however, the power conversion efficiency of semi-transparent devices still lags behind due to missing suitable transparent rear electrode or deposition process. Here we report a low-temperature process for efficient semi-transparent planar perovskite solar cells. A hybrid thermal evaporation–spin coating technique is developed to allow the introduction of PCBM in regular device configuration, which facilitates the growth of high-quality absorber, resulting in hysteresis-free devices. We employ high-mobility hydrogenated indium oxide as transparent rear electrode by room-temperature radio-frequency magnetron sputtering, yielding a semi-transparent solar cell with steady-state efficiency of 14.2% along with 72% average transmittance in the near-infrared region. With such semi-transparent devices, we show a substantial power enhancement when operating as bifacial solar cell, and in combination with low-bandgap copper indium gallium diselenide we further demonstrate 20.5% efficiency in four-terminal tandem configuration.
No adaptation of a herbivore to a novel host but loss of adaptation to its native host
Authors: Grosman Amir H. , Molina-Rugama Adrián J. , Mendes-Dias Rondinelli , Sabelis Maurice W. , Menken Steph B.J. , Pallini Angelo , Breeuwer Johannes A.J. , Janssen Arne 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMost herbivorous arthropods are host specialists and the question is which mechanisms drive the evolution of such specialization. The theory of antagonistic pleiotropy suggests that there is a trade-off between adaptation of herbivores to a novel host and their native host. The mutation accumulation hypothesis proposes that herbivores on a novel host lose their adaptation to the native host through the accumulation of mutations with negligible effects on performance on the novel host. Experimental evidence for either of the two hypotheses is scarce. We compared the fitness of two sympatric moth strains from an introduced host and a native host. The strain from the novel host did not perform better on this host than the strain from the native host. The strain from the novel host performed less well on the native host than did the strain from the native host. Hence, selection on the novel host did not result in noticeable gain in performance, but adaptation to the native host was lost. These results are more readily explained by the mutation-accumulation hypothesis than by the trade-off hypothesis.
Enhancing the methanol tolerance of platinum nanoparticles for the cathode reaction of direct methanol fuel cells through a geometric design
Authors: Feng Yan , Ye Feng , Liu Hui , Yang Jun 
Published: November 2015

AbstractMastery over the structure of nanoparticles might be an effective way to enhance their performance for a given application. Herein we demonstrate the design of cage-bell nanostructures to enhance the methanol tolerance of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles while remaining their catalytic activity for oxygen reduction reaction. This strategy starts with the synthesis of core-shell-shell nanoparticles with Pt and silver (Ag) residing respectively in the core and inner shell regions, which are then agitated with saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution to eliminate the Ag component from the inner shell region, leading to the formation of bimetallic nanoparticles with a cage-bell structure, defined as a movable Pt core enclosed by a metal shell with nano-channels, which exhibit superior methanol-tolerant property in catalyzing oxygen reduction reaction due to the different diffusion behaviour of methanol and oxygen in the porous metal shell of cage-bell structured nanoparticles. In particular, the use of remarkably inexpensive chemical agent (NaCl) to promote the formation of cage-bell structured particles containing a wide spectrum of metal shells highlights its engineering merit to produce highly selective electrocatalysts on a large scale for the cathode reaction of direct methanol fuel cells.
Conversion of biomass-derived sorbitol to glycols over carbon-materials supported Ru-based catalysts
Authors: Guo Xingcui , Guan Jing , Li Bin , Wang Xicheng , Mu Xindong , Liu Huizhou 
Published: November 2015

AbstractRuthenium (Ru) supported on activated carbon (AC) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was carried out in the hydrogenolysis of sorbitol to ethylene glycol (EG) and 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) under the promotion of tungsten (WOx) species and different bases. Their catalytic activities and glycols selectivities strongly depended on the support properties and location of Ru on CNTs, owning to the altered metal-support interactions and electronic state of ruthenium. Ru located outside of the tubes showed excellent catalytic performance than those encapsulated inside the nanotubes. Additionally, the introduction of WOx into Ru/CNTs significantly improved the hydrogenolysis activities and a complete conversion of sorbitol with up to 60.2% 1,2-PD and EG yields was obtained on RuWOx/CNTs catalyst upon addition of Ca(OH)2. Stability study showed that this catalyst was highly stable against leaching and poisoning and could be recycled several times.
The role of the coherence in the cross-correlation analysis of diffraction patterns from two-dimensional dense mono-disperse systems
Authors: Latychevskaia T. , Mancini G. F. , Carbone F. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe investigation of the static and dynamic structural properties of colloidal systems relies on techniques capable of atomic resolution in real space and femtosecond resolution in time. Recently, the cross-correlation function (CCF) analysis of both X-rays and electron diffraction patterns from dilute and dense aggregates has demonstrated the ability to retrieve information on the sample’s local order and symmetry. Open questions remain regarding the role of the beam coherence in the formation of the diffraction pattern and the properties of the CCF, especially in dense systems. Here, we simulate the diffraction patterns of dense two-dimensional monodisperse systems of different symmetries, varying the transverse coherence of the probing wave and analyze their CCF. We study samples with different symmetries at different size scale, as for example, pentamers arranged into a four-fold lattice where each pentamer is surrounded by triangular lattices, both ordered and disordered. In such systems, different symmetry modulations are arising in the CCF at specific scattering vectors. We demonstrate that the amplitude of the CCF is a fingerprint of the degree of the ordering in the sample and that at partial transverse coherence, the CCF of a dense sample corresponds to that of an individual scattering object.
Co-ultramicronized Palmitoylethanolamide/Luteolin Promotes the Maturation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells
Authors: Barbierato Massimo , Facci Laura , Marinelli Carla , Zusso Morena , Argentini Carla , Skaper Stephen D. , Giusti Pietro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractOligodendrocytes have limited ability to repair the damage to themselves or to other nerve cells, as seen in demyelinating diseases like multiple sclerosis. An important strategy may be to replace the lost oligodendrocytes and/or promote the maturation of undifferentiated oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Recent studies show that a composite of co-ultramicronized N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA) and luteolin (co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin, 10:1 by mass) is efficacious in improving outcome in experimental models of spinal cord and traumatic brain injuries. Here, we examined the ability of co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin to promote progression of OPCs into a more differentiated phenotype. OPCs derived from newborn rat cortex were placed in culture and treated the following day with 10 μM co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin. Cells were collected 1, 4 and 8 days later and analyzed for expression of myelin basic protein (MBP). qPCR and Western blot analyses revealed a time-dependent increase in expression of both mRNA for MBP and MBP content, along with an increased expression of genes involved in lipid biogenesis. Ultramicronized PEA or luteolin, either singly or in simple combination, were ineffective. Further, co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin promoted morphological development of OPCs and total protein content without affecting proliferation. Co-ultramicronized PEA/luteolin may represent a novel pharmacological strategy to promote OPC maturation.
Mechanisms of three-dimensional growth of thyroid cells during long-term simulated microgravity
Authors: Kopp Sascha , Warnke Elisabeth , Wehland Markus , Aleshcheva Ganna , Magnusson Nils E. , Hemmersbach Ruth , Corydon Thomas Juhl , Bauer Johann , Infanger Manfred , Grimm Daniela 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThree-dimensional multicellular spheroids (MCS) of human cells are important in cancer research. We investigated possible mechanisms of MCS formation of thyroid cells. Both, normal Nthy-ori 3–1 thyroid cells and the poorly differentiated follicular thyroid cancer cells FTC-133 formed MCS within 7 and 14 days of culturing on a Random Positioning Machine (RPM), while a part of the cells continued to grow adherently in each culture. The FTC-133 cancer cells formed larger and numerous MCS than the normal cells. In order to explain the different behaviour, we analyzed the gene expression of IL6, IL7, IL8, IL17, OPN, NGAL, VEGFA and enzymes associated cytoskeletal or membrane proteins (ACTB, TUBB, PFN1, CPNE1, TGM2, CD44, FLT1, FLK1, PKB, PKC, ERK1/2, Casp9, Col1A1) as well as the amount of secreted proteins (IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-17, OPN, NGAL, VEGFA). Several of these components changed during RPM-exposure in each cell line. Striking differences between normal and malignant cells were observed in regards to the expression of genes of NGAL, VEGFA, OPN, IL6 and IL17 and to the secretion of VEGFA, IL-17 and IL-6. These results suggest several gravi-sensitive growth or angiogenesis factors being involved in 3D formation of thyroid cells cultured under simulated microgravity.
Trends of HIV subtypes and phylogenetic dynamics among young men who have sex with men in China, 2009–2014
Authors: Li Zheng , Liao Lingjie , Feng Yi , Zhang Jing , Yan Jing , He Cui , Xu Wei , Ruan Yuhua , Xing Hui , Shao Yiming 
Published: November 2015

AbstractTo investigate the origins of HIV transmission and phylogenetic dynamics among men who have sex with men (MSM), a total of 1205 newly diagnosed HIV-infected 16–25 year-olds were recruited in 13 provinces across China between 2009 and 2014. Based on phylogenetic analyses of partial pol sequences, HIV-1 subtypes including CRF01_AE (45.3%), CRF07_BC (37.8%), subtype B (6.1%) and B’ (3.7%), as well as some other recombinants (7.1%) were identified. In addition to two distinct CRF01_AE clusters [cluster 4 (33.7%, 406/1205) and cluster 5 (7.1%, 85/1205)], we identified a new CRF07_BC cluster (cluster 1) (36.0%, 434/1205), which entered Chinese MSMs in 2004 and had been rapidly spreading since about 2004, which indicating the third wave of the HIV epidemic among the population. Moreover, two new clusters of CRF_01B recombinants were found in this study. The complexities of HIV subtypes and recombinants strongly supports the necessity for a comprehensive study about risk behaviors and their relationship with increasing HIV epidemic subtypes among the MSM group. Implementation and evaluation of comprehensive harm reduction strategies in Chinese MSM are urgently needed.
Tracing the structural evolution of eukaryotic ATP binding cassette transporter superfamily
Authors: Xiong Jie , Feng Jinmei , Yuan Dongxia , Zhou Jun , Miao Wei 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters superfamily is one of the largest classes of membrane proteins. The core of the ABC transporter protein is composed of transmembrane domains (TMDs) and nucleotide binding domains (NBD). Eukaryotes ABC transporters are classified into seven main families (ABCA to ABCG) based on sequence similarity and domain organizations. With different domain number and domain organizations, eukaryote ABC transporters show diverse structures: the single structure (NBD or TMD), the ABC2 structure (NBD-NBD), the half structure (TMD-NBD or NBD-TMD) and the full structure (TMD-NBD-TMD-NBD or NBD-TMD-NBD-TMD). However, studies on how various ABC transporter gene structures evolved is still absent. Therefore, in this study, we comprehensively investigated the structural evolution of eukaryotic ABC transporters. The seven eukaryote ABC transporter families (A to G) fell into three groups: A&G group, B,C&D group and E&F group. There were at least four times the number of NBD and TMD fusion events in the origin of the half structure transporter. Two fusion modes were found in the full and ABC2 structure origination. Based on these findings, we present a putative structural evolutionary path of eukaryote ABC transporters that will increase our understanding on their origin, divergence and function.
Virus-like nanostructures for tuning immune response
Authors: Mammadov Rashad , Cinar Goksu , Gunduz Nuray , Goktas Melis , Kayhan Handan , Tohumeken Sehmus , Topal Ahmet E. , Orujalipoor Ilghar , Delibasi Tuncay , Dana Aykutlu , Ide Semra , Tekinay Ayse B. , Guler Mustafa O. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractSynthetic vaccines utilize viral signatures to trigger immune responses. Although the immune responses raised against the biochemical signatures of viruses are well characterized, the mechanism of how they affect immune response in the context of physical signatures is not well studied. In this work, we investigated the ability of zero- and one-dimensional self-assembled peptide nanostructures carrying unmethylated CpG motifs (signature of viral DNA) for tuning immune response. These nanostructures represent the two most common viral shapes, spheres and rods. The nanofibrous structures were found to direct immune response towards Th1 phenotype, which is responsible for acting against intracellular pathogens such as viruses, to a greater extent than nanospheres and CpG ODN alone. In addition, nanofibers exhibited enhanced uptake into dendritic cells compared to nanospheres or the ODN itself. The chemical stability of the ODN against nuclease-mediated degradation was also observed to be enhanced when complexed with the peptide nanostructures.In vivostudies showed that nanofibers promoted antigen-specific IgG production over 10-fold better than CpG ODN alone. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report showing the modulation of the nature of an immune response through the shape of the carrier system.