bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid organic-inorganic polariton laser
Authors: Paschos G. G. , Somaschi N. , Tsintzos S. I. , Coles D. , Bricks J. L. , Hatzopoulos Z. , Lidzey D. G. , Lagoudakis P. G. , Savvidis P. G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOrganic materials exhibit exceptional room temperature light emitting characteristics and enormous exciton oscillator strength, however, their low charge carrier mobility prevent their use in high-performance applications such as electrically pumped lasers. In this context, ultralow threshold polariton lasers, whose operation relies on Bose-Einstein condensation of polaritons – part-light part-matter quasiparticles, are highly advantageous since the requirement for high carrier injection no longer holds. Polariton lasers have been successfully implemented using inorganic materials owing to their excellent electrical properties, however, in most cases their relatively small exciton binding energies limit their operation temperature. It has been suggested that combining organic and inorganic semiconductors in a hybrid microcavity, exploiting resonant interactions between these materials would permit to dramatically enhance optical nonlinearities and operation temperature. Here, we obtain cavity mediated hybridization of GaAs and J-aggregate excitons in the strong coupling regime under electrical injection of carriers as well as polariton lasing up to 200 K under non-resonant optical pumping. Our demonstration paves the way towards realization of hybrid organic-inorganic microcavities which utilise the organic component for sustaining high temperature polariton condensation and efficient electrical injection through inorganic structure.
Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as lysophosphatidylcholine, but not as free acid, enriches brain DHA and improves memory in adult mice
Authors: Sugasini Dhavamani , Thomas Riya , Yalagala Poorna C. R. , Tai Leon M. , Subbaiah Papasani V. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractDocosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is uniquely concentrated in the brain, and is essential for its function, but must be mostly acquired from diet. Most of the current supplements of DHA, including fish oil and krill oil, do not significantly increase brain DHA, because they are hydrolyzed to free DHA and are absorbed as triacylglycerol, whereas the transporter at blood brain barrier is specific for phospholipid form of DHA. Here we show that oral administration of DHA to normal adult mice as lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) (40 mg DHA/kg) for 30 days increased DHA content of the brain by >2-fold. In contrast, the same amount of free DHA did not increase brain DHA, but increased the DHA in adipose tissue and heart. Moreover, LPC-DHA treatment markedly improved the spatial learning and memory, as measured by Morris water maze test, whereas free DHA had no effect. The brain derived neurotrophic factor increased in all brain regions with LPC-DHA, but not with free DHA. These studies show that dietary LPC-DHA efficiently increases brain DHA content and improves brain function in adult mammals, thus providing a novel nutraceutical approach for the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases associated with DHA deficiency, such as Alzheimer’s disease.
The causes and ecological correlates of head scale asymmetry and fragmentation in a tropical snake
Authors: Brown Gregory P. , Madsen Thomas , Dubey Sylvain , Shine Rick 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe challenge of identifying the proximate causes and ecological consequences of phenotypic variation can be facilitated by studying traits that are usually but not always bilaterally symmetrical; deviations from symmetry likely reflect disrupted embryogenesis. Based on a 19-year mark-recapture study of >1300 slatey-grey snakes (Stegonotus cucullatus) in tropical Australia, and incubation of >700 eggs, we document developmental and ecological correlates of two morphological traits: asymmetry and fragmentation of head scales. Asymmetry was directional (more scales on the left side) and was higher in individuals with lower heterozygosity, but was not heritable. In contrast, fragmentation was heritable and was higher in females than males. Both scale asymmetry and fragmentation were increased by rapid embryogenesis but were not affected by hydric conditions during incubation. Snakes with asymmetry and fragmentation exhibited slightly lower survival and increased (sex-specific) movements, and females with more scale fragmentation produced smaller eggs. Counterintuitively, snakes with more asymmetry had higher growth rates (possibly reflecting trade-offs with other traits), and snakes with more fragmentation had fewer parasites (possibly due to lower feeding rates). Our data paint an unusually detailed picture of the complex genetic and environmental factors that, by disrupting early embryonic development, generate variations in morphology that have detectable correlations with ecological performance.
Urea deep placement reduces yield-scaled greenhouse gas (CH4 and N2O) and NO emissions from a ground cover rice production system
Authors: Yao Zhisheng , Zheng Xunhua , Zhang Yanan , Liu Chunyan , Wang Rui , Lin Shan , Zuo Qiang , Butterbach-Bahl Klaus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGround cover rice production system (GCRPS), i.e., paddy soils being covered by thin plastic films with soil moisture being maintained nearly saturated status, is a promising technology as increased yields are achieved with less irrigation water. However, increased soil aeration and temperature under GCRPS may cause pollution swapping in greenhouse gas (GHG) from CH4 to N2O emissions. A 2-year experiment was performed, taking traditional rice cultivation as a reference, to assess the impacts of N-fertilizer placement methods on CH4, N2O and NO emissions and rice yields under GCRPS. Averaging across all rice seasons and N-fertilizer treatments, the GHG emissions for GCRPS were 1973 kg CO2-eq ha−1 (or 256 kg CO2-eq Mg−1), which is significantly lower than that of traditional cultivation (4186 kg CO2-eq ha−1or 646 kg CO2-eq Mg−1). Furthermore, if urea was placed at a 10–15 cm soil depth instead of broadcasting, the yield-scaled GHG emissions from GCRPS were further reduced from 377 to 222 kg CO2-eq Mg−1, as N2O emissions greatly decreased while yields increased. Urea deep placement also reduced yield-scaled NO emissions by 54%. Therefore, GCRPS with urea deep placement is a climate- and environment-smart management, which allows for maximal rice yields at minimal GHG and NO emissions.
Differential landscape of non-CpG methylation in embryonic stem cells and neurons caused by DNMT3s
Authors: Lee Jong-Hun , Park Sung-Joon , Nakai Kenta 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMethylated non-CpGs (mCpH; H means A, C, and T) have emerged as key epigenetic marks in mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and neurons, regulating cell type-specific functions. In these two cell types, mCpHs show distinct motifs and correlations to transcription that could be a key in understanding the cell type-specific regulations. Thus, we attempted to uncover the underlying mechanism of the differences in ESCs and neurons by conducting a comprehensive analysis of public whole genome bisulfite sequencing data. Remarkably, there were cell type-specific mCpH patterns around methylated CpGs (mCpGs), resulted from preferential methylation at different contexts by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) 3a and 3b. These DNMTs are differentially expressed in ESCs and brain tissues, resulting in distinct mCpH motifs in these two cell types. Furthermore, in ESCs, DNMT3b interacts with histone H3 tri-methylated at lysine 36 (H3K36me3), resulting in hyper-methylation at CpHs upon actively transcribed genes, including those involved in embryo development. Based on the results, we propose a model to explain the differential establishment of mCpHs in ESCs and neurons, providing insights into the mechanism underlying cell type-specific formation and function of mCpHs.
Oleic acid induces apoptosis and autophagy in the treatment of Tongue Squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Jiang Lin , Wang Wei , He Qianting , Wu Yuan , Lu Zhiyuan , Sun Jingjing , Liu Zhonghua , Shao Yisen , Wang Anxun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractOleic acid (OA), a main ingredient of Brucea javanica oil (BJO), is widely known to have anticancer effects in many tumors. In this study, we investigated the anticancer effect of OA and its mechanism in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC). We found that OA effectively inhibited TSCC cell proliferation in a dose- and time-dependent manner. OA treatment in TSCC significantly induced cell cycle G0/G1 arrest, increased the proportion of apoptotic cells, decreased the expression of CyclinD1 and Bcl-2, and increased the expression of p53 and cleaved caspase-3. OA also obviously induced the formation of autolysosomes and decreased the expression of p62 and the ratio of LC3 I/LC3 II. The expression of p-Akt, p-mTOR, p-S6K, p-4E-BP1 and p-ERK1/2 was significantly decreased in TSCC cells after treatment with OA. Moreover, tumor growth was significantly inhibited after OA treatment in a xenograft mouse model. The above results indicate that OA has a potent anticancer effect in TSCC by inducing apoptosis and autophagy via blocking the Akt/mTOR pathway. Thus, OA is a potential TSCC drug that is worthy of further research and development.
Sorafenib suppresses extrahepatic metastasis de novo in hepatocellular carcinoma through inhibition of mesenchymal cancer stem cells characterized by the expression of CD90
Authors: Yoshida Mariko , Yamashita Taro , Okada Hikari , Oishi Naoki , Nio Kouki , Hayashi Takehiro , Nomura Yoshimoto , Hayashi Tomoyuki , Asahina Yoshiro , Ohwada Mika , Sunagozaka Hajime , Takatori Hajime , Colombo Federico , Porretti Laura , Honda Masao , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSCs) are a pivotal target for eradicating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We previously reported that distinctive CSCs regulating tumorigenicity (EpCAM+ CSCs) and metastasis (CD90+ CSCs) have different epithelial/mesenchymal gene expression signatures. Here, we examined the influence of sorafenib, a multiple-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used as a first-line treatment for advanced HCC, on EpCAM+ and CD90+ CSCs. CD90+ cells showed higher c-Kit gene/protein expression than EpCAM+ cells. Sorafenib treatment reduced the number of CD90+ cells with attenuated c-Kit phosphorylation, whereas it enriched the EpCAM+ cell population. We evaluated the role of CD90+ and EpCAM+ CSCs in vivo by subcutaneously injecting these CSCs together in immune-deficient mice. We observed that sorafenib subtly affected the suppression of primary tumor growth maintained by EpCAM+ CSCs, but completely inhibited the lung metastasis mediated by CD90+ CSCs. We further evaluated the effect of sorafenib on extracellular vesicle (EV) production and found that sorafenib suppressed the production of EVs containing TGF-β mRNA in CD90+ cells and inhibited the cell-cell communication and motility of EpCAM+ cells. Our data suggest the following novel effects of sorafenib: suppressing CD90+ CSCs and inhibiting the production of EVs regulating distant metastasis.
Investigating the neural correlates of smoking: Feasibility and results of combining electronic cigarettes with fMRI
Authors: Wall Matthew B. , Mentink Alexander , Lyons Georgina , Kowalczyk Oliwia S. , Demetriou Lysia , Newbould Rexford D. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCigarette addiction is driven partly by the physiological effects of nicotine, but also by the distinctive sensory and behavioural aspects of smoking, and understanding the neural effects of such processes is vital. There are many practical difficulties associated with subjects smoking in the modern neuroscientific laboratory environment, however electronic cigarettes obviate many of these issues, and provide a close simulation of smoking tobacco cigarettes. We have examined the neural effects of ‘smoking’ electronic cigarettes with concurrent functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). The results demonstrate the feasibility of using these devices in the MRI environment, and show brain activation in a network of cortical (motor cortex, insula, cingulate, amygdala) and sub-cortical (putamen, thalamus, globus pallidus, cerebellum) regions. Concomitant relative deactivations were seen in the ventral striatum and orbitofrontal cortex. These results reveal the brain processes involved in (simulated) smoking for the first time, and validate a novel approach to the study of smoking, and addiction more generally.
CHA2DS2-VASc score as predictor of ischemic stroke in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Tian Yaohua , Yang Chenlu , Liu Hui 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIschemic stroke following coronary revascularization procedures remains one of the most potentially devastating complications. CHA2DS2-VASc score has been widely used for stroke risk stratification in AF patients. The aim of this nationwide study was to examine the association between the CHA2DS2-VASc score and ischemic stroke following coronary revascularization procedures. We identified patients undergoing coronary revascularization procedures, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), using the electronic Hospitalization Summary Reports. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate the association of CHA2DS2-VASc score with the risk of post-procedural ischemic stroke. We identified 54,714 patients undergoing CABG and 263,063 patients undergoing PCI from 2013 to 2015. The CHA2DS2-VASc score had a positive graded association with the risk of post-procedural ischemic stroke in both CABG and PCI (P for trend <0.001). The adjusted risk of post-procedural ischemic stroke increased by an estimated 122.4% (odds ratio [OR], 2.22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.11–2.35) and 34.7% (OR, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.31–1.39) for each additional 1 point in the CHA2DS2-VASc score in CABG and PCI, respectively. In conclusion, these findings suggested that CHA2DS2-VASc score was an independent predictor of the development of post-procedural ischemic stroke in patients undergoing CABG and PCI.
Exploring priming responses involved in peach fruit acclimation to cold stress
Authors: Tanou Georgia , Minas Ioannis S. , Scossa Federico , Belghazi Maya , Xanthopoulou Aliki , Ganopoulos Ioannis , Madesis Panagiotis , Fernie Alisdair , Molassiotis Athanassios 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCold storage of fruit may induce the physiological disorder chilling injury (CI); however, the molecular basis of CI development remains largely unexplored. Simulated conditions of CI priming and suppression provided an interesting experimental system to study cold response in fruit. Peaches (cv. June Gold) at the commercial harvest (CH) or tree-ripe (TR) stages were immediately exposed to cold treatment (40 d, 0 °C) and an additional group of CH fruits were pre-conditioned 48 h at 20 °C prior to low-temperature exposure (pre-conditioning, PC). Following cold treatment, the ripening behaviour of the three groups of fruits was analysed (3 d, 20 °C). Parallel proteomic, metabolomic and targeted transcription comparisons were employed to characterize the response of fruit to CI expression. Physiological data indicated that PC suppressed CI symptoms and induced more ethylene biosynthesis than the other treatments. Differences in the protein and metabolic profiles were identified, both among treatments and before and after cold exposure. Transcriptional expression patterns of several genes were consistent with their protein abundance models. Interestingly, metabolomic and gene expression results revealed a possible role for valine and/or isoleucine in CI tolerance. Overall, this study provides new insights into molecular changes during fruit acclimation to cold environment.
Geometric Phase Generated Optical Illusion
Authors: Yue Fuyong , Zang Xiaofei , Wen Dandan , Li Zile , Zhang Chunmei , Liu Huigang , Gerardot Brian D. , Wang Wei , Zheng Guoxing , Chen Xianzhong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn optical illusion, such as “Rubin’s vase”, is caused by the information gathered by the eye, which is processed in the brain to give a perception that does not tally with a physical measurement of the stimulus source. Metasurfaces are metamaterials of reduced dimensionality which have opened up new avenues for flat optics. The recent advancement in spin-controlled metasurface holograms has attracted considerate attention, providing a new method to realize optical illusions. We propose and experimentally demonstrate a metasurface device to generate an optical illusion. The metasurface device is designed to display two asymmetrically distributed off-axis images of “Rubin faces” with high fidelity, high efficiency and broadband operation that are interchangeable by controlling the helicity of the incident light. Upon the illumination of a linearly polarized light beam, the optical illusion of a ‘vase’ is perceived. Our result provides an intuitive demonstration of the figure-ground distinction that our brains make during the visual perception. The alliance between geometric metasurface and the optical illusion opens a pathway for new applications related to encryption, optical patterning, and information processing.
Alteration of PD-L1 expression and its prognostic impact after concurrent chemoradiation therapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Fujimoto Daichi , Uehara Keiichiro , Sato Yuki , Sakanoue Ichiro , Ito Munehiro , Teraoka Shunsuke , Nagata Kazuma , Nakagawa Atsushi , Kosaka Yasuhiro , Otsuka Kojiro , Imai Yukihiro , Hamakawa Hiroshi , Takahashi Yutaka , Kokubo Masaki , Tomii Keisuke 
Published: September 2017

AbstractConcurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT) is the treatment of choice for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC). Several clinical trials that combine programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) axis inhibitors with radiotherapy are in development for patients with LA-NSCLC. However, the effect of CCRT on programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression on tumor cells is unknown. In this study, we analysed paired NSCLC specimens that had been obtained pre- and post-CCRT. PD-L1 expression on tumor cells was studied by immunohistochemistry. A total of 45 patients with LA-NSCLC were included, among which there were sufficient pre- and post-CCRT specimens in 35 patients. Overall, the percentage of tumor cells with PD-L1 expression significantly decreased between pre- and post-CCRT specimens (P = 0.024). Sixteen, 15, and 4 patients had decreased, unchanged, or increased PD-L1 expression after CCRT, respectively. Median OS of patients with decreased, unchanged, or increased PD-L1 expression was 85.1, 92.8, and 14.6 months, respectively (P < 0.001). In conclusion, the percentage of PD-L1-positive tumor cells significantly decreased after CCRT. Alteration of PD-L1 expression after neoadjuvant CCRT was associated with prognosis in patients with LA-NSCLC. These data should be considered when developing the optimal approach of integrating PD-1 axis inhibitors with CCRT.
Lambertian and photonic light trapping analysis with thickness for GaAs solar cells based on 2D periodic pattern
Authors: Gupta Nikhil Deep , Janyani Vijay 
Published: September 2017

The study proposes designs using 2D photonic crystal (PhC) structure‐based thin film heterojunction gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cell with a periodic pattern having PhC structure extends from top transparent conducting oxide (TCO) to inside the p‐AlGaAs window layer placed just above the active layer of GaAs material in one design and in another PhC structure is etched only in TCO. The work presents the comparative analysis of the proposed structure with Lambertian light trapping limits and the planar cell, taken as reference. The study is also performed for double‐layer anti‐reflective coating (ARC) structure. The study presents the quantitative analysis of the effect of PhC structure in the performance of the design and how the effect varies with the thickness of absorption layer. It has been found that a considerable increase in efficiency has been achieved, especially for thinner active layers, demonstrating the advantage of a wavelength‐scale, PhC‐based structures for thin‐film solar cells. The results have shown that PhC structure (etched till inside p‐AlGaAs)‐based solar cell exceeds the efficiency of the double ARC‐based structure by more than 18% for 50 nm thin active layer cell. The parameters have been optimised and calculated by means of rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).
Frühinfekt in der Endoprothetik
Authors: Citak Mustafa , Zahar Akos , Kendoff Daniel 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungTrotz präventiver Maßnahmen bleibt die periprothetische Infektion (PPI) nach einem künstlichen Gelenk die schwerwiegendste Komplikation. Die Zahl der periprothetischen Infektionen wird aufgrund des Anstieges der implantierten Prothesen weiter zunehmen und entsprechend ein Problem für das Gesundheitssystem darstellen. Frühzeitige Diagnosestellung und entsprechende Therapie sind erforderlich, um eine erfolgreiche Infektsanierung zu erzielen. Die Therapiewahl entscheidet sich nach der Art der Infektion. Das Therapieziel bei einer periprothetischen Frühinfektion ist der Prothesenerhalt. Dieser Artikel präsentiert eine Übersicht über die diagnostischen und therapeutischen Möglichkeiten der periprothetischen Frühinfektion.
Warten mit Sinn
Authors: Krüger Lars 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
One Minute Wonder Seit über einem halben Jahr werden im Herz- und Diabeteszentrum NRW auf einer Intensivstation der Klinik für Thorax-
und Kardiovaskularchirurgie sogenannte „One Minute Wonder“ verwendet. Sie dienen der Fortbildung an Orten, an denen klassischerweise
Wartezeiten entstehen. Durch eine Evaluation sind nun erstmals Daten zum „Lernen in nur einer Minute“ vorhanden.
Efficient stimulus-secretion coupling at ribbon synapses requires RIM-binding protein tethering of L-type Ca
2+
channels
Authors: Luo Fujun , Liu Xinran , Südhof Thomas C. , Acuna Claudio 
Published: September 2017

Significance
This paper investigates the organization of the active zone at ribbon synapses in the retina, using deletions of the active zone protein RIM-binding protein (RBP) as a tool. The results demonstrate that, at these synapses, which, different from other synapses, use presynaptic L-type calcium channels for triggering vesicle exocytosis, RBPs mediate the recruitment of L-type calcium channels adjacent to release sites, thereby allowing efficient stimulus-secretion coupling. Thus, this paper presents a demonstration of how calcium channels are organized at the presynaptic active zone of ribbon synapses.
Escherichia coliresponds to environmental changes using enolasic degradosomes and stabilized DicF sRNA to alter cellular morphology
Authors: Murashko Oleg N. , Lin-Chao Sue 
Published: September 2017

SignificanceThe prevalent habitat ofEscherichia coliis the predominantly anaerobic environment of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and other warm-blooded organisms. We found that, under anaerobic conditions, the presence of enolase in the RNA degradation machinery regulates cell morphology and inducesE.colifilamentation by stabilizing a small RNA, DicF, that inhibits the cell division geneftsZ. Cell filamentation has previously been linked to bacterial pathogenesis. In contrast toE.colinonpathogenic strains, pathogenicE.colistrains possess multiple copies of sRNA DicF in their genomes. Our data provide a mechanism by which bacterial cells can adopt a filamentous form during infection under anaerobic conditions.