bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-ERCP pancreatitis and its related factors: A prospective study in Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital
Authors: Makmun Dadang , Abdullah Murdani , Syam Ari Fahrial , Fauzi Achmad 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Objectives: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a widely used procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatobiliary disease with post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) is the most common complication. The goal of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the potential patient- and procedure-related risk factors for PEP. Methods: A 25-variable database was compiled from information collected before, during, and 24-72 h after ERCP for 238 patients who underwent diagnostic or therapeutic ERCP in Cipto Mangunkusumo General National Hospital, Jakarta. The grading of acute pancreatitis was classified using the modified Glasgow (Imrie′s) severity criteria. Results: The average age was 51 years, and most patients were men and were overweight. Sixty-three patients (26.5%) were diagnosed with PEP, and 33 of these (52.4%) were classified as having severe pancreatitis. We applied univariate analysis to analyze the data contained in the 25-variable database to identify patient- and procedure-related predictors of PEP. We found significant correlations between PEP and the patient-related factor common bile duct stenosis (P < 0.05), and between PEP and the three procedure-related factors procedure time, cannulation time, and multiple cannulation attempts (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that multiple attempts at cannulations was the only significant risk factor for PEP. Conclusions: In our study, four variables were associated with PEP: Common bile duct stenosis, procedure time, cannulation time, and multiple attempts at cannulations. We conclude that, in patients undergoing ERCP who are at high risk of PEP, procedure-related factors should be monitored to reduce the risk of PEP. Multiple attempts at cannulation was the most significant risk factor in our study.
Appiah on race and identity in the illusions of race: A rejoinder
Authors: Oyedola David A 
Published: January 2016

Whether Appiah’s concession in [The Illusions of Race, 1992] that there are no races can stand vis-a-vis Masolo’s submission in “African Philosophy and the Postcolonial: some Misleading Abstractions about Identity” (1997) that identity is impossible, it is worthy to note that much of what is entailed in human societies tend toward the exaltation and protection of self-interest. Self-interest, as it is related to particular or individual entities, to a great extent, presupposes the ontology of different races and identities. Paul Taylor in “Appiah’s Uncompleted Argument: W.E.B. Du Bois and the Reality of Race,” to begin with, asserts that races and identity struggles are real entities as individuals’: where this can be said to aid and abet racial differences. Though, there are those who lend credence to Appiah’s and Masolo’s explications like Hountondji and Gyekye; however, it is noteworthy that philosophers like Du Bois, Nkrumah, Fanon, Mandela, Senghor, Hallen and Cabral who, in one way or the other, lend credence to Taylor’s claim, could not have said so without taking into consideration, the colonial and anthropological experiences which has, in one way or the other, has affected Africa and Africans. Despite the latter, certain flaws like (i) the failure to acknowledge the utility and global importance of human race or family, and (ii) the failure to recognize the distinctiveness of each existing race, tribe or ethnicities in a diverse political, religious, and culture-biased world, are inherent in Taylor’s, Appiah’s and Masolo’s views coupled with those who lend credence to their views. In this study, nevertheless, it is conceded that it is not enough, as a derivative of Appiah’s skepticism about race and identity, to gesture at racial and identity concerns while using logical incoherence, globality, methodological separatism and cosmopolitan traits to undermine the relevance of identity which is the soul of the postcolonial quest for a distinct African race or black (African) philosophy.Keywords: Race, Identity, Black/African Philosophy, Global Politics, Morality
Second Trimester Anomaly Scan using 3D/4D Ultrasound
Authors: Raga Francisco , Caballero Oscar , Bonilla Francisco , Eduardo Machado Luiz , Bonilla-Musoles Fernando , Cadete Clodoaldo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
The use of three-dimensional/four-dimensional (3D/4D) ultrasound has become ‘universal’ in the increasingly precise diagnosis of fetal malformations. The introduction of new ultrasound modes, such as the HDlive or the Radiance System Architecture (RSA), which improve even more the quality of images, makes it easier to examine normal embryos and fetuses with incredible perfection and achieve diagnosis of malformations, increasingly complex and of high clinical importance.

How to cite this article
Bonilla-Musoles F, Bonilla F Jr, Raga F, Caballero O, Cadete C, Machado LE. Second Trimester Anomaly Scan using 3D/4D Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):372-381.
Placental Volume Measurement in Clinical Practice
Authors: Hasegawa Junichi , Arakaki Tatsuya , Nakamura Masamitsu , Takita Hiroko , Sekizawa Akihiko 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
Measurement of the placental volume during pregnancy can occasionally predict adverse outcomes, including ischemic and restricted conditions in the fetus and placenta later in pregnancy. Three-dimensional (3D) sonographic evaluation of the placental volume during the first trimester is a simple and rapid procedure that is commonly applied, but its use during the second trimester seems to be limited. The placental volume can be obtained within 5 minutes as part of daily clinical practice. Combining screening with the placental volume and other markers can increase the rate of detection of fetal and placental anomalies. In this article, we review the prediction of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes later in pregnancy using 3D sonographic measurement of the placental volume.

How to cite this article
Hasegawa J, Arakaki T, Nakamura M, Takita H, Sekizawa A. Placental Volume Measurement in Clinical Practice. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(4):408-412.
Estudiantes con discapacidad en una universidad chilena: desafíos de la inclusión
Authors: Villafañe Hormazábal Gabriela Paulina , Corrales Huenul Angélica Aurora , Soto Hernández Valentina Javiera 
Published: January 2016

El propósito de este artículo es dar cuenta de una investigación acerca de las condiciones de inclusión para los estudiantes con discapacidad en una universidad chilena. La investigación tiene un diseño cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Para la recolección de datos se elaboró una encuesta que fue aplicada a 38 estudiantes con discapacidad. Los principales resultados revelan un alto nivel de retención de los estudiantes, quienes presentan una percepción positiva de su inclusión en la vida universitaria, así como una alta satisfacción con la mayoría de los servicios. Se destaca que siete de cada diez encuestados reconocen haber recibido algún tipo de atención educativa para realizar sus estudios. Sin embargo, existe una falta de articulación entre las iniciativas de la Universidad para favorecer el acceso y permanencia de personas con discapacidad; a esto se agrega la carencia de protocolos y de instancias de capacitación para profesores y administrativos. Se propone que la institución establezca un sistema de gestión que defina objetivos, estrategias y acciones para contribuir a la inclusión de personas con discapacidad.
A imagem do corpo na tragédia antiga: uma visualidade verbal
Authors: De Carli Elisana 
Published: January 2016

Neste estudo duas tragédias de Sófocles e duas de Sêneca são analisadas com o objetivo de identificar a visualidade dada ao corpo através da palavra, a imagem construída para o corpo da personagem, seus níveis de sentido e reverberação no texto e na cena. Essas informações podem ser caracterizadas como rubrica interna, pois são dados que corroboram na construção do espetáculo. Assim, estrutura e conteúdo se engendram potencializando a significação do corpo em cena quer pela sua presença quer por uma visualidade verbal, figurando uma ocupação semântica, a qual se configura como uma das marcas do teatro antigo.Palavras-chave:corpo, palavra, teatro
Appalachian Cities at the Beginning of the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Russo Richard A. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This paper investigates the socio-demographic trends of Appalachia’s twenty-five most populous cities over the decade 2000 to 2010. Using indicators such as population and household changes, educational attainment, poverty, income, and economic sector employment, this paper examines whether Appalachian cities are participating in recent trends in America’s cities and urban life. Results show that Appalachian cities do not form a coherent subset of urban America with shared socio-demographic narratives and experiences. Instead, they display strong intra-regional divergence in several measures. This analysis contextualizes these demographic trends in Appalachia’s cities within current urban economic development strategies and discourse.
BackPacked Architecture: The Appalachian Trail and Its "Primitive Huts"
Authors: Miller D. Jason 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
An architectural study of the "primitive huts" found along the Appalachian Trail offers an opportunity for insight into a bygone era in which social works projects—such as New Deal programs that formed the Civilian Conservation Corps—and the need for modest backcountry shelters helped construct the world’s most popular recreational footpath through the heart of Appalachia. Since its initial completion in 1937, the Appalachian Trail has been extensively relocated, rebuilt, and reallocated from private to publicly owned land. Anchoring this 2,100+-mile footpath is a network of approximately 250 trail shelters. These little bits of architecture represent an enduring conceptual, communal, and constructive by-product of a social experiment in regional development envisioned by Benton MacKaye, implemented by Myron Avery, and endlessly maintained by volunteers, hiking clubs, and the Appalachian Trail Conservancy. Yet precious little attention has been devoted to cataloging the role these shelters have performed for the trail community historically, experientially, or socially. The changing cultural landscape of Appalachia, coupled with challenges posed by encroaching development and extensive overuse, suggest urgently the need to establish an architectural record in order to sustain both the purpose and the meaning of the Appalachian Trail’s primitive huts.
Undermining Patient Values: The ASCO Value in Cancer Care Task Force Framework
Authors: Pitts Peter J. , Goldberg Robert 
Published: January 2016

As stated in a recent article in the Journal of Clinical Oncology, ASCO established a Value in Cancer Care Task Force, with the goal of “developing a framework for comparing the relative clinical benefit, toxicity, and cost of treatment in the medical oncology setting. “ In developing this framework or tool, the Task Force runs roughshod over basic facts to create a metric that – while established to promote patient centered care – strives mightily to achieve the exact opposite outcome.
Suppressing the formation of GeOx by doping Sn into Ge to modulate the Schottky barrier height of metal/n-Ge contact
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Li Cheng , Lin Guangyang , Lai Shumei , Wang Chen , Huang Wei , Wang Jianyuan , Chen Songyan 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Tin (Sn) was introduced into Ge for the preparation of a thin GeSnO
x
by thermal oxidation, which could strongly modulate the Schottky barrier height of metal/n-Ge contacts. A small amount of Sn doping in Ge could effectively suppress the formation of GeO
x
during oxidation, alleviating the Fermi-level pinning effect in Ge. This resulted in the strong correlation between the Schottky barrier heights of metal/GeSnO
x
/n-Ge contacts and metal work functions. The ohmic Al/n-Ge contacts and the extremely low leakage current density of the HfO2/Ge structure achieved by the simple thermal oxidation of a Sn-doped Ge surface suggested the potential of this method in the fabrication of Ge-based devices.
Impact of GeO2 passivation layer quality on band alignment at GeO2/Ge interface studied by internal photoemission spectroscopy
Authors: Zhang Wenfeng , Nishimura Tomonori , Toriumi Akira 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We report on the GeO2 quality dependence of the band alignment at the GeO2/Ge interface studied by internal photoemission spectroscopy. Two kinds of Au/GeO2/Ge capacitor with similar GeO2/Ge interfaces but distinct GeO2 bulk properties were compared. The conduction band offset at the GeO2/Ge interface was revealed to be insensitive to GeO2 bulk properties, while a high density of states (DOS) near the conduction band edge of GeO2 was found to depend on GeO2 quality. Such DOS elimination led to leakage current suppression and electron mobility enhancement in Ge n-channel MOSFETs with improved GeO2 quality.
Real-space observation of magnetic vortex core gyration in a magnetic disc both with and without a pair tag
Authors: Yamaguchi Akinobu , Hata Hiroshi , Goto Minori , Kodama Motoi , Kasatani Yuichi , Sekiguchi Koji , Nozaki Yukio , Ohkochi Takuo , Kotsugi Masato , Kinoshita Toyohiko 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate the time-resolved real-space observation of vortex gyration in a magnetic circular disc by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoemission microscopy at the SPring-8 beamline BL25SU, both with and without an additional structure called a pair tag, which serves to control the magnetic curling direction. By comparing the gyration orbits of the vortices, we found that the gyration properties are dependent on the presence of the additional structure in spite of the discs having the same diameter. Furthermore, we reproduced the vortex gyration by micromagnetic simulation. The confinement potential of the vortex can be controlled by the additional structure.
Basal resistance for three of the largest Greenland outlet glaciers
Authors: Shapero Daniel R. , Joughin Ian R. , Poinar Kristin , Morlighem Mathieu , Gillet‐Chaulet Fabien 
Published: January 2016

AbstractResistance at the ice‐bed interface provides a strong control on the response of ice streams and outlet glaciers to external forcing, yet it is not observable by remote sensing. We used inverse methods constrained by satellite observations to infer the basal resistance to flow underneath three of the Greenland Ice Sheet's largest outlet glaciers. In regions of fast ice flow and high (>250 kPa) driving stresses, ice is often assumed to flow over a strong bed. We found, however, that the beds of these three glaciers provide almost no resistance under the fast‐flowing trunk. Instead, resistance to flow is provided by the lateral margins and stronger beds underlying slower‐moving ice upstream. Additionally, we found isolated patches of high basal resistivity within the predominantly weak beds. Because these small‐scale (<1 ice thickness) features may be artifacts of overfitting our solution to measurement errors, we tested their robustness to different degrees of regularization.
Controlling amyloid fibril formation by partial stirring
Authors: Bäcklund Fredrik G. , Pallbo Jon , Solin Niclas 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTMany proteins undergoe self‐assembly into fibrillar structures known as amyloid fibrils. During the self‐assembly process, related structures known as spherulites can be formed. Herein we report a facile method where the balance between amyloid fibrils and spherulites can be controlled by stirring of the reaction mixture during the initial stages of the self‐assembly process. Moreover, we report how this methodology can be used to prepare non‐covalently functionalized amyloid fibrils. By stirring the reaction mixture continuously or for a limited time during the lag phase, the fibril length, and hence the propensity to form liquid crystalline phases, can be influenced. This phenomena is utilized in order to prepare films consisting of aligned protein fibrils incorporating the laser dye Nile red. The resulting films display polarized Nile red fluorescence. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 249–259, 2016.
Electrostatic theory of the assembly of PAMAM dendrimers and DNA
Authors: Perico Angelo 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe electrostatic interactions mediated by counterions between a cationic PAMAM dendrimer, modelized as a sphere of radius and cationic surface charge highly increasing with generation, and a DNA, modelized as an anionic elastic line, are analytically calculated in the framework of condensation theory. Under these interactions the DNA is wrapped around the sphere. For excess phosphates relative to dendrimer primary amines, the free energy of the DNA‐dendrimer complex displays an absolute minimum when the complex is weakly negatively overcharged. This overcharging opposes gene delivery. For a highly positive dendrimer and a DNA fixed by experimental conditions to a number of phosphates less than the number of dendrimer primary amines, excess amine charges, the dendrimer may at the same time bind stably DNA and interact with negative cell membranes to activate cell transfection in fair agreement with molecular simulations and experiments. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 105: 276–286, 2016.
Vagal Intramuscular Arrays: The Specialized Mechanoreceptor Arbors That Innervate the Smooth Muscle Layers of the Stomach Examined in the Rat
Authors: Powley Terry L. , Hudson Cherie N. , McAdams Jennifer L. , Baronowsky Elizabeth A. , Phillips Robert J. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTThe fundamental roles that the stomach plays in ingestion and digestion notwithstanding, little morphological information is available on vagal intramuscular arrays (IMAs), the afferents that innervate gastric smooth muscle. To characterize IMAs better, rats were given injections of dextran biotin in the nodose ganglia, and, after tracer transport, stomach whole mounts were collected. Specimens were processed for avidin–biotin permanent labeling, and subsets of the whole mounts were immunohistochemically processed for c‐Kit or stained with cuprolinic blue. IMAs (n = 184) were digitized for morphometry and mapping. Throughout the gastric muscle wall, IMAs possessed common phenotypic features. Each IMA was generated by a parent neurite arborizing extensively, forming an array of multiple (mean = 212) branches averaging 193 µm in length. These branches paralleled, and coursed in apposition with, bundles of muscle fibers and interstitial cells of Cajal. Individual arrays averaged 4.3 mm in length and innervated volumes of muscle sheet, presumptive receptive fields, averaging 0.1 mm3. Evaluated by region and by muscle sheet, IMAs displayed architectural adaptations to the different loci. A subset (32%) of circular muscle IMAs issued specialized polymorphic collaterals to myenteric ganglia, and a subset (41%) of antral longitudinal muscle IMAs formed specialized net endings associated with the serosal boundary. IMAs were concentrated in regional patterns that correlated with the unique biomechanical adaptations of the stomach, specifically proximal stomach reservoir functions and antral emptying operations. Overall, the structural adaptations and distributions of the IMAs were consonant with the hypothesized stretch receptor roles of the afferents. J. Comp. Neurol. 524:713–737, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cross‐clouds services autonomic management approach based on self‐organizing multi‐agent technology
Authors: Hou Fu , Mao Xinjun 
Published: January 2016

SummaryWith the rapid development and application of cloud computing, there exist plenty of clouds that are distributed on the open Internet, decentralized in the management, evolving with various services providing diverse functionalities and QoS. Moreover, because of the potential correlativity of cloud services and the dynamic of tenants' requirements, these services in multiple clouds are expected to be effectively managed in an autonomic and transparent way so that tenants can obtain continuous and efficient services. To this end, this paper proposes an approach based on self‐organizing multi‐agent system to achieving cross‐clouds services management, including the service provision at the tenant‐end and services aggregation at the cloud‐end. In this approach, the clouds services are managed by a series of autonomous agents that are capable of autonomously accessing managed services. They can interact with each other to obtain macro‐level services aggregation in terms of self‐organization to adapt to the changes of both tenants' requirements and cloud services. The paper details the architecture, mechanisms, and algorithms to implement the aggregation and provision of services in cross‐clouds. We also develop relevant cross‐clouds services management platform called as CCloudMan, with which several experiments based on the public data sets have been conducted and the experimental results show the efficiency and usability of our proposed approach. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Suppression and restoration of disorder‐induced light localization mediated by ‐symmetry breaking
Authors: Kartashov Yaroslav V. , Hang Chao , Konotop Vladimir V. , Vysloukh Victor A. , Huang Guoxiang , Torner Lluis 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe uncover that the breaking point of the ‐symmetry in optical waveguide arrays has a dramatic impact on light localization induced by the off‐diagonal disorder. Specifically, when the gain/loss control parameter approaches a critical value at which ‐symmetry breaking occurs, a fast growth of the coupling between neighboring waveguides causes diffraction to dominate to an extent that light localization is strongly suppressed and the statistically averaged width of the output pattern substantially increases. Beyond the symmetry‐breaking point localization is gradually restored, although in this regime the power of localized modes grows upon propagation. The strength of localization monotonically increases with disorder at both broken and unbroken ‐symmetry. Our findings are supported by statistical analysis of parameters of stationary eigenmodes of disordered‐symmetric waveguide arrays and by analysis of dynamical evolution of single‐site excitations in such structures.
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Taming chaos: 16 mJ picosecond Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier with 0.7 kHz repetition rate
Authors: von Grafenstein Lorenz , Bock Martin , Steinmeyer Günter , Griebner Uwe , Elsaesser Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNonlinear dynamics of continuous‐wave pumped regenerative amplifiers operating at 2 μm are investigated. At repetition rates near 1 kHz, three different operation regimes are observed, including stable regular, chaotic, and subharmonic dynamics. Numerical simulations reproduce this behavior in a quantitative way. In particular, we find stable periodic doubling regimes in which every other seed pulse experiences high gain. Exploiting a narrow parameter window beyond the onset of chaos enables operation of a high‐gain picosecond Ho:YLF regenerative amplifier which delivers up to 16 mJ picosecond pulses at 2050 nm. Energy fluctuations of the 700 Hz pulse train are as low as 0.9% rms.
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