bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The genetic landscape of endometrial clear cell carcinomas
Authors: DeLair Deborah F , Burke Kathleen A , Selenica Pier , Lim Raymond S , Scott Sasinya N , Middha Sumit , Mohanty Abhinita S , Cheng Donavan T , Berger Michael F , Soslow Robert A , Weigelt Britta 
Published: July 2017

AbstractClear cell carcinoma of the endometrium is a rare type of endometrial cancer that is generally associated with an aggressive clinical behaviour. Here, we sought to define the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations in endometrial clear cell carcinomas (ECCs), and whether ECCs could be classified into the molecular subtypes described for endometrial endometrioid and serous carcinomas. We performed a rigorous histopathological review, immunohistochemical analysis and massively parallel sequencing targeting 300 cancer‐related genes of 32 pure ECCs. Eleven (34%), seven (22%) and six (19%) ECCs showed abnormal expression patterns for p53, ARID1A, and at least one DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein, respectively. Targeted sequencing data were obtained from 30 of the 32 ECCs included in this study, and these revealed that two ECCs (7%) were ultramutated and harboured mutations affecting the exonuclease domain of POLE. In POLE wild‐type ECCs, TP53 (46%), PIK3CA (36%), PPP2R1A (36%), FBXW7 (25%), ARID1A (21%), PIK3R1 (18%) and SPOP (18%) were the genes most commonly affected by mutations; 18% and 11% harboured CCNE1 and ERBB2 amplifications, respectively, and 11% showed DAXX homozygous deletions. ECCs less frequently harboured mutations affecting CTNNB1 and PTEN but more frequently harboured PPP2R1A and TP53 mutations than non‐POLE endometrioid carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Compared to endometrial serous carcinomas (TCGA), ECCs less frequently harboured TP53 mutations. When a surrogate model for the molecular‐based TCGA classification was used, all molecular subtypes previously identified in endometrial endometrioid and serous carcinomas were present in the ECCs studied, including POLE, MMR‐deficient, copy‐number high (serous‐like)/p53 abnormal, and copy‐number low (endometrioid)/p53 wild‐type, which were significantly associated with disease‐free survival in univariate analysis. These findings demonstrate that ECCs constitute a histologically and genetically heterogeneous group of tumours with varying outcomes. Furthermore, our data suggest that the classification of ECCs as being generally ‘high‐grade’ or ‘type II’ tumours may not be warranted. Copyright © 2017 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Applicability of an economic diode laser emitting at 980 nm for preparation of polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells on glass
Authors: Plentz Jonathan , Schmidt Thomas , Gawlik Annett , Bergmann Joachim , Andrä Gudrun , Hauschild Dirk , Lissotschenko Vitalij 
Published: July 2017

Recently, polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells on glass are fabricated by a laser induced liquid phase crystallization (LPC) process. This study compares a new economic diode laser, emitting a line focus at 980 nm, with the 808 nm laser normally used concerning its absorption during LPC. We measured the optical constants of amorphous silicon by spectral ellipsometry and UV/VIS spectroscopy. Together with the literature data for crystalline and liquid silicon combined with numerical temperature simulations, we calculated the absorption during LPC and the overall power needed for successful crystallization. Solar cells prepared with both laser types show comparable crystallographic and optoelectronic characteristics. Concerning the economic advantages, the use of such a 980 nm diode laser system would be the choice for the potential industrial production.Polycrystalline silicon thin film solar cells on glass are fabricated by laser‐induced liquid phase crystallization. A new economic diode laser emitting a line focus at 980 nm is compared to the 808 nm laser normally used. Solar cells show comparable crystallographic and optoelectronic characteristics.
Distributed nonlinear model predictive control based on contraction theory
Authors: Long Yushen , Liu Shuai , Xie Lihua , Johansson Karl Henrik 
Published: July 2017

SummaryA novel distributed model predictive control algorithm for continuous‐time nonlinear systems is proposed in this paper. Contraction theory is used to estimate the prediction error in the algorithm, leading to new feasibility and stability conditions. Compared to existing analysis based on Lipschitz continuity, the proposed approach gives a distributed model predictive control algorithm under less conservative conditions, allowing stronger couplings between subsystems and a larger sampling interval when the subsystems satisfy the specified contraction conditions. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed approach.
Nature of the Metal‐Ligand Interactions in Complexes M(PH3)2(η2‐L) (M=Ni, Pd, Pt; L=CO2, COS, CS2): A Theoretical Study
Authors: Pálinkás Noémi , Kollár László , Kégl Tamás 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDFT calculations have been carried out for complexes M(0)(PH3)2(η2‐CE1E2), where M=Ni, Pd, Pt, and E1, E2=O, S. The electronic structure of the complexes have been elucidated using various methods, such as quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM), electron localization function (ELF), domain‐averaged Fermi hole (DAFH), and energy decomposition analysis combined with the natural orbital of chemical valence (EDA‐NOCV). In the carbonyl sulfide complexes theη2‐(S,C) coordination is clearly preferred overη2‐(O,C) which might be attributed to the harder character of oxygen reflected in excess kinetic energy density preventing the formation of bond paths in the vicinity of the metal center and the coordinating oxygen. The nature of the interaction between the metal containing fragment and the ligand is closed‐shell donor‐acceptor, rather than ′classical′ (shared‐shell) covalent type which is dominated by the back‐donating interactions.
Quality control of ultrasound for fetal biometry: results from the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project
Authors: Cavallaro A. , Ash S. T. , Napolitano R. , Wanyonyi S. , Ohuma E. O. , Molloholli M. , Sande J. , Sarris I. , Ioannou C. , Norris T. , Donadono V. , Carvalho M. , Purwar M. , Barros F. C. , Jaffer Y. A. , Bertino E. , Pang R. , Gravett M. G. , Salomon L. J. , Noble J. A. , Altman D. G. , Papageorghiou A. T. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo assess a comprehensive package of ultrasound quality control in the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study of the INTERGROWTH‐21st Project, a large multicenter study of fetal growth.MethodsQuality control (QC) measures were performed for 20 313 ultrasound scan images obtained prospectively from 4321 fetuses at 14–41 weeks' gestation in eight geographical locations. At the time of each ultrasound examination, three fetal biometric variables (head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC) and femur length (FL)) were measured in triplicate on separately generated images. All measurements were taken in a blinded fashion. QC had two elements: (1) qualitative QC: visual assessment by sonographers at each study site of their images based on specific criteria, with 10% of images being re‐assessed at the Oxford‐based Ultrasound Quality Unit (compared using an adjusted kappa statistic); and (2) quantitative QC: assessment of measurement data by comparing the first, second and third measurements (intraobserver variability), remeasurement of caliper replacement in 10% (interobserver variability), both by Bland–Altman plots and plotting frequency histograms of the SD of triplicate measurements and assessing how many were above or below 2 SD of the expected distribution. The system allowed the sonographers' performances to be monitored regularly.ResultsA high level of agreement between self‐ and external scoring was demonstrated for all measurements (κ = 0.99 (95% CI, 0.98–0.99) for HC, 0.98 (95% CI, 0.97–0.99) for AC and 0.96 (95% CI, 0.95–0.98) for FL). Intraobserver 95% limits of agreement (LoA) of ultrasound measures for HC, AC and FL were ± 3.3%, ± 5.6% and ± 6.2%, respectively; the corresponding values for interobserver LoA were ± 4.4%, ± 6.0% and ± 5.6%. The SD distribution of triplicate measurements for all biometric variables showed excessive variability for three of 31 sonographers, allowing prompt identification and retraining.ConclusionsQualitative and quantitative QC monitoring was feasible and highly reproducible in a large multicenter research study, which facilitated the production of high‐quality ultrasound images. We recommend that the QC system we developed is implemented in future research studies and clinical practice. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Symmetry breaking in development and stochastic gene expression
Authors: Chubb Jonathan R. 
Published: July 2017

The prevailing emphasis in developmental biology since the expansion of the molecular biology age has been that developmental decisions are instructive. A cell differentiates to become a specific cell type because it receives a signal, whereas its neighbor that does not receive the signal adopts a different fate. This emphasis has been generally accepted, largely because of the success of this view in tractable invertebrate model organisms, and the widespread similarities in molecular regulation to the development of more complex species. An alternative emphasis, that cells make their own decisions, has until the past decade been conspicuously silent. Here I trace the re‐emergence of our appreciation of single cell decision‐making in development, and how widespread this phenomenon is likely to be. I will focus the discussion on the potential role of stochastic gene expression in generating differences between cells in the absence of simple instructive signals and highlight the complexity of systems proposed to involve this type of regulation. Finally, I will discuss the approaches required to fully test hypotheses that noisy gene regulation can be extrapolated through developmental time to accurately specify cell fate. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e284. doi: 10.1002/wdev.284This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Regulatory Mechanisms
Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation
Technologies > Analysis of the Transcriptome
Near infrared quantum dots in biomedical applications: current status and future perspective
Authors: Zhao Peng , Xu Quan , Tao Jia , Jin Zongwen , Pan Yue , Yu Changmin , Yu Zhiqiang 
Published: July 2017

To address the requirements of biomedical applications including biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery, fluorescent nanomaterials served as efficient tools in many cases. Among them, near‐infrared quantum dots (NIR QDs) have been used as novel fluorescent labels for their binary advantages of both QDs and NIR light. In this review, through collecting references in recent 10 years, we have introduced basic structures and properties of NIR QDs and summarized the classification and the related synthetic methods. This review also highlights the functionalization and surface bioconjugation of NIR QDs, and their biomedical applications in biosensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery.This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Diagnostic Tools > In Vitro Nanoparticle‐Based Sensing
Diagnostic Tools > In Vivo Nanodiagnostics and Imaging
Oxidative discolouration in whole-head and cut lettuce: biochemical and environmental influences on a complex phenotype and potential breeding strategies to improve shelf-life
Authors: Hunter Paul J. , Atkinson Laura D. , Vickers Laura , Lignou Stella , Oruna-Concha Maria Jose , Pink David , Hand Paul , Barker Guy , Wagstaff Carol , Monaghan James M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLettuce discolouration is a key post-harvest trait. The major enzyme controlling oxidative discolouration has long been considered to be polyphenol oxidase (PPO) however, levels of PPO and subsequent development of discolouration symptoms have not always correlated. The predominance of a latent state of the enzyme in plant tissues combined with substrate activation and contemporaneous suicide inactivation mechanisms are considered as potential explanations for this phenomenon. Leaf tissue physical properties have been associated with subsequent discolouration and these may be influenced by variation in nutrient availability, especially excess nitrogen and head maturity at harvest. Mild calcium and irrigation stress has also been associated with a reduction in subsequent discolouration, although excess irrigation has been linked to increased discolouration potentially through leaf physical properties. These environmental factors, including high temperature and UV light intensities, often have impacts on levels of phenolic compounds linking the environmental responses to the biochemistry of the PPO pathway. Breeding strategies targeting the PAL and PPO pathway biochemistry and environmental response genes are discussed as a more cost-effective method of mitigating oxidative discolouration then either modified atmosphere packaging or post-harvest treatments, although current understanding of the biochemistry means that such programs are likely to be limited in nature and it is likely that they will need to be deployed alongside other methods for the foreseeable future.
Comments on “Coexistence of hidden chaotic attractors in a novel no-equilibrium system” (Nonlinear Dyn, doi:10.1007/s11071-016-3170-x)
Authors: Petráš Ivo 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
In this comment, an enhancement of issue published in the paper “Coexistence of hidden chaotic attractors in a novel no-equilibrium system” (Nonlinear Dyn, doi:10.1007/s11071-016-3170-x) is addressed. We have shown that the proposed novel autonomous chaotic system can be extended to its fractional-order version where hidden attractors as well as other dynamical properties of the new no-equilibrium system can be observed. A created MATLAB function for the new fractional-order no-equilibrium system is also presented.
The Investigation of Strain-Induced Martensite Reverse Transformation in AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel
Authors: Cios G. , Tokarski T. , Żywczak A. , Dziurka R. , Stępień M. , Gondek Ł. , Marciszko M. , Pawłowski B. , Wieczerzak K. , Bała P. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive study on the strain-induced martensitic transformation and reversion transformation of the strain-induced martensite in AISI 304 stainless steel using a number of complementary techniques such as dilatometry, calorimetry, magnetometry, and in-situ X-ray diffraction, coupled with high-resolution microstructural transmission Kikuchi diffraction analysis. Tensile deformation was applied at temperatures between room temperature and 213 K (−60 °C) in order to obtain a different volume fraction of strain-induced martensite (up to ~70 pct). The volume fraction of the strain-induced martensite, measured by the magnetometric method, was correlated with the total elongation, hardness, and linear thermal expansion coefficient. The thermal expansion coefficient, as well as the hardness of the strain-induced martensitic phase was evaluated. The in-situ thermal treatment experiments showed unusual changes in the kinetics of the reverse transformation (α′ → γ). The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the reverse transformation may be stress assisted—strains inherited from the martensitic transformation may increase its kinetics at the lower annealing temperature range. More importantly, the transmission Kikuchi diffraction measurements showed that the reverse transformation of the strain-induced martensite proceeds through a displacive, diffusionless mechanism, maintaining the Kurdjumov–Sachs crystallographic relationship between the martensite and the reverted austenite. This finding is in contradiction to the results reported by other researchers for a similar alloy composition.
A fresh look at integration of risks in the international stock markets: A wavelet approach
Authors: Marfatia Hardik A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIncreasing inter‐linkages across global financial markets mean that integration of stock market risks across borders play a central role in international portfolio diversification and broader economic policy making. Combining the superior features of parametric and nonparametric methods, this paper undertakes a novel approach on international volatility spillovers across 22 leading stock markets of the world. The approach is to combine wavelet techniques with time‐varying conditional volatility and study the comovement of risks at the country level and regional level. Evidence suggests that comovement of risks between the U.S. market and European markets is strong mostly at lower frequencies (in the long‐run) only. At higher frequencies (in the short‐run), the integration of stock market risks of a country is more connected to the region to which the country belongs and less with the U.S. or other global markets. Further, during the recent financial crisis, common knowledge suggests that the spillover of risks was largely a global phenomenon, but our approach provides new insights that the spillover of risks was mostly limited at lower frequencies. In fact for countries like China, India and Malaysia even at lower frequencies there is limited evidence of spillover of risks.
A BAYESIAN JOINT MODEL FOR POPULATION AND PORTFOLIO-SPECIFIC MORTALITY
Authors: van Berkum Frank , Antonio Katrien , Vellekoop Michel 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInsurance companies and pension funds must value liabilities using mortality rates that are appropriate for their portfolio. These can only be estimated in a reliable way from a sufficiently large historical dataset for such portfolios, which is often not available. We overcome this problem by introducing a model to estimate portfolio-specific mortality simultaneously with population mortality. By using a Bayesian framework, we automatically generate the appropriate weighting for the limited statistical information in a given portfolio and the more extensive information that is available for the whole population. This allows us to separate parameter uncertainty from uncertainty due to the randomness in individual deaths for a given realization of mortality rates. When we apply our method to a dataset of assured lives in England and Wales, we find that different prior specifications for the portfolio-specific factors lead to significantly different posterior distributions for hazard rates. However, in short-term predictive distributions for future numbers of deaths, individual mortality risk turns out to be more important than parameter uncertainty in the portfolio-specific factors, both for large and for small portfolios.
Killing Citizens: Core Legal Dilemmas in the Targeted Killing Abroad of Canadian Foreign Fighters
Authors: FORCESE CRAIG , SHERRIFF LEAH WEST 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFor the first time since the introduction of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, Canada is in an armed conflict with an insurgency that has actively recruited Canadians and directed them to use or promote violence against Canada. In the result, the Canadian government may ask its soldiers to target and kill fellow Canadians abroad or to assist allies in doing so. This situation raises a host of novel legal issues, including the question of “targeted killing.” This matter arose for the United Kingdom in 2015 when it directed the use of military force against several Britons believed to be plotting a terrorist attack against the United Kingdom from abroad. This incident sparked a report from the British Parliament highlighting legal dilemmas. This article does the same for Canada by focusing on the main legal implications surrounding a targeted killing by the Canadian government of a Canadian citizen abroad. This exercise shows that a Canadian policy of targeted killing would oblige Canada to make choices on several weighty legal matters. First, the article discusses the Canadian public law rules that apply when the Canadian Armed Forces deploy in armed conflicts overseas. It then analyzes international law governing state uses of military force, including the regulation of the use of force (jus ad bellum) and the law of armed conflict (jus in bello). It also examines an alternative body of international law: that governing peacetime uses of lethal force by states. The article concludes by weaving together these areas of law into a single set of legal questions that would necessarily need to be addressed prior to the targeted killing of a Canadian abroad.
Ultrasound-guided wire localisation to facilitate removal of an abnormal neck lymph node – a technical note
Authors: Golding J , Kirkland P , Howlett D 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackground:Ultrasound-guided wire localisation is a technique that is well established in breast surgery, but is not well described in head and neck practice. It can be used to locate impalpable lesions for surgical removal, without the need for more extensive surgery.Method:This paper describes a case where the technique was used to assist in the removal of an impalpable but radiologically abnormal lymph node.Conclusion:The technique offers a safe and effective method for removing lesions within the head and neck.
Blaming threatened species: media portrayal of human–wildlife conflict
Authors: Dayer Ashley A. , Williams Alicia , Cosbar Emily , Racey Meagan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRecent literature has urged the conservation science community to distinguish between human–wildlife and human–human conflict. Mislabelling conflicts is thought to constrain problem definition and hinder appropriate solutions. New to this discussion, we studied how the media is framing conflict. The focus of our research was conflict surrounding conservation of a protected species. The piping ploverCharadrius melodusis federally listed as threatened on the Atlantic coast of the USA. Our research focused on characterizing the tone and framing in media coverage of the plover and its conservation. We were interested in how the source of the conflict was framed: are the species itself, policies, or the government agencies administering legal restrictions blamed for the conflict? We analysed 725 articles (199 unique articles, not including those run by multiple media sources) written about the plover in the region during January 2014–September 2015. Articles were analysed qualitatively by two coders. We found the overall tone of the unique articles was most frequently positive towards the bird and/or its conservation (48%), followed closely by neutral (or balanced) articles (46%). Few articles were negative (6%). Nonetheless, framing that blamed a source for the conflict was present in 34% of the unique articles. The plover itself was blamed in twice as many articles as the policies or government agencies enacting the regulations. This framing was also the strongest predictor of article tone. Understanding how the media portrays piping plovers can help guide organizations interested in proactive media relations and other solutions to de-escalate this conflict.