bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le rôle des personnages dans les rouages de l'intrigue
Authors: Baroni Raphaël 
Published: November 2017

Cet article propose une synthèse d'un ouvrage qui pose les fondements d'une approche narratologique d'orientation stylistique et rhétorique visant à décrire avec le plus de précision possible le mécanisme des récits littéraires immersifs et intrigants. Partant du constat de l'existence d'une forte polysémie autour de la notion d'intrigue, je proposerai de partir d'une définition fonctionnelle apte à souligner le rapport étroit entre la dynamique du récit et la mise en intrigue, qui noue, entretien et dénoue une tension dans l'expérience esthétique. J’évoquerai également la manière dont la caractérisation des personnages et la mutabilité de leurs rôles peuvent déterminer de manière essentielle le profil de la tension narrative.*******************************************************O papel dos personagens na dinâmica do enredoEste artigo fornece um resumo de um livro que estabelece as bases para uma abordagem estilística e retórica da narratologia cujo objetivo é descrever com a maior precisão possível o mecanismo de narrativas literárias imersivas e intrigantes. Observando a existência de uma forte polissemia em torno da noção de trama, proponho começar com uma definição funcionalista capaz de enfatizar a estreita relação entre a dinâmica narrativa e o empenho, que constrói, mantém e resolve a tensão na experiência estética. Eu também menciono como a caracterização dos personagens e a mutabilidade de seus papéis podem determinar de forma essencial o perfil da tensão narrativa.Palavras-chave: Trama; Tensão narrativa; Caráter; Narratologia; Retórica; Estilística
A new species of <i>Mermiglossa</i> from Kenya, with comments on the arrangement of Old World Panurginae (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae)
Authors: Ascher John S. , Engel Michael S. 
Published: November 2017

A new species of the panurgine bee genus Mermiglossa Friese (Panurginae) is described and figured from females captured near Voi in the southern part of the former Coast Province, Kenya, a historical type locality for several bee species. Mermiglossa voicola Ascher & Engel, new species, is distinguished from the only other species of the genus, M. rufa Friese from central Namibia. The new species is readily identified due to its black rather than red metasoma and compound eyes slightly convergent above rather than parallel-sided. The new species raises the total number of described bee species for Kenya to 343, extends the known distribution of its genus and subtribe from the Namib Desert of southwestern Africa to the western edge of the Nviri Desert of East Africa, and provides further evidence of extensive biogeographic connections between these disjunct xeric areas. Recent changes in the family-group classification of Old World Panurginae are discussed in relation to recognition of Mermiglossina as a valid subtribe within an expanded tribe Panurgini also including the New World perditines.
IMPACTO DA SAÍDA PRECOCE DO LEITO NA ARTROPLASTIA TOTAL DE JOELHO
Authors: Mendes André Pinto Souza , Gardenghi Giulliano , Dos Santos Alecsandra Aparecida , Barboza Deise , Marcondes Keli Cristina Betto Simões , Ribeiro Renan Fernandes 
Published: November 2017

Introdução: A osteoartrose é uma doença inflamatória, degenerativa e progressiva que causa dor, incapacidade funcional e imobilidade. Havendo insucesso do tratamento conservador, é indicada a Artroplastia Total de Joelho (ATJ). Objetivos: Analisar o impacto da saída precoce do leito no pós-operatório (PO) e identificar quais motivos retardam esse processo. Metodologia: Estudo prospectivo e experimental com pacientes submetidos a um protocolo de mobilização precoce pós ATJ, de julho/2014 a março/2015. A estatística utilizou testes de Fischer e T de student não pareado. O nível de significância foi de 5% e os dados apresentados como média e desvio padrão. Resultados: Amostra de 30 pacientes, idade 67,5±7,4 anos, 80% sexo feminino, osteoartrose como etiologia para ATJ. O grupo NS (não saíram do leito no 1ºDPO) teve mais dor (PO imediato 6.4±4.1 contra 3.3±3.5, p=0.03; 1°DPO 7.1±3.2 contra 3.8±3.5, p=0.01; 2°DPO 5.7±3.2 contra 2.1±2.4, p=0.00; 3ºDPO 4.6±2.8 contra 1.7±2.4, do grupo SS, p=0.003) que o grupo SS (saíram do leito no 1ºDPO). SS seguiu o protocolo com maior frequência (p=0.003), a média de permanência hospitalar foi maior no grupo NS (5±2.5 contra 2.8±0.8, p=0.00) e a quantidade de atendimentos de Fisioterapia foi maior no grupo NS (9.5±5.7 contra 4.7±1.7, p=0.00). O motivo mais frequente de impedimento para a saída do leito no 1°DPO foi a não liberação médica (62%), seguido por indisposição, falta de prescrição de fisioterapia e dor. Conclusão: O protocolo foi benéfico em relação à dor, capacidade funcional e tempo de internação, podendo reduzir custos hospitalares.
IJSD Volume 2 2012 Scaffolding the Medium
Authors: Kappenberg Claudia , Rosenberg Douglas 
Published: November 2017

No abstract availableOriginally published by Parallel Press, an imprint of the University of Wisconsin-Madison Libraries, as The International Journal of Screendance, Volume 2 (2012), Parallel Press. It is made available here with the kind permission of Parallel Press.
Evaluation of acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) II in predicting ICU mortality among critically ill
Authors: J. Theresa Sariga , Latheef Fathima 
Published: November 2017

Background: Clinical assessment of the severity of illness among critically ill patients is an essential component to predict the mortality and morbidity in intensive care units. Scoring systems estimate the prognosis and help in clinical decision making thus enhance the quality of care in Intensive care units.Methods: A descriptive study including 122 patients admitted to medical intensive care unit was performed from January 2017-March 2017 in Southern Kerala. APACHE II score for the first 24 hours of admission to the intensive care unit was calculated. SPSS 20 was applied for statistical analysis, and clinical parameters were investigated with descriptive statistics.Results: The actual ICU mortality rate (9%) was less than the predicted mortality rate (43.6%) obtained using the APACHE II. Majority of patients 98(80%) had APACHE score >15. There was a statistically significant correlation observed between age and predicted mortality score of critically ill (r=.434 p=0.01).Conclusions: APACHE II scoring system has been successful in predicting the mortality of critically ill. Healthcare professionals should therefore incorporate the disease severity measuring tools in their clinical practice to prioritize and optimize the care rendered in critical care units.
The total leucocyte count: its utility in dengue
Authors: A. Joshi Anagha , B. R. Gayathri , Gowda R. Yashica 
Published: November 2017

Background: Dengue infections are public health concerns in India, where they occur in epidemics and have a high mortality in the advanced stages. Clinical features are nonspecific, and diagnosis is supported by lab features. One of these lab tests include total leucocyte count-easily available, simple and cost effective which is useful in small rural set ups for early diagnosis and prognosis of dengue. The aim of this study is to analyse the total leucocyte count patterns in dengue and assess its utility as early marker of dengue and prognosticator of severe dengue.Methods: A total of 132 serologically proven cases of dengue with total white cell counts (blood counts obtained by Automated hematology analyser) during November 2016 were analysed.Results: In our study, most cases were noted in the younger age group with a male predominance. The range of total leucocyte count was 1.1x109 /l to 14.3x109/l. Most (55%) had normal counts, leucopenia was noted in 36%, had an equal distribution in all ages and both sexes. 82% had mild leucopenia,52% of leucopenia cases were associated with severe thrombocytopenia. Almost half (47%) of leucopenia cases were NS1 positive while only 15% were antibody positive.59% of NS1 positive had leucopenia in contrast to 13% of antibody positive cases. While leucopenia was mostly (55%) associated with neutrophilia, lymphocytosis was seen in 74% of cases with a normal leucocyte count.Conclusions: Total leucocyte count is one of the simple, easily available, cost effective tests useful in small rural set ups for early diagnosis and prognosis in dengue and helps reduce the morbidity and mortality of dengue.
A study on non-compliance in tuberculosis cases towards the directly observed treatment short course under RNTCP in Kanpur Nagar
Authors: Srivastava Kuldeep , Gupta Abhishek , Saxena Ruchi , Sharma R. P. , Midha Tanu 
Published: November 2017

Background: The goal of Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) is to achieve cure rate of at least 85% and to detect at least 70% of the new smear positive cases of tuberculosis (TB). A very high rate of compliance to treatment is required to achieve the target and to prevent the drug resistance. The objective of the study was to study the magnitude and reasons of non-compliance in TB patients towards directly observed treatment short course (DOTS) in Kanpur Nagar.Methods: Multistage random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects from the two designated microscopy centres (DMC). Information regarding treatment compliance and patient satisfaction was elicited and recorded in the predesigned and pretested questionnaire, analysis was done using SPSS and percentages was used to draw the results.Results: Out of total 300 study subjects, 41(13.67%) were non-compliant during treatment. Majority of non-compliant study subjects were aged more than 50 years (30.23%), skilled workers (29%), belonged to socioeconomic class III (22.9%), Muslims (19.36%) and educated upto high school (16.33%). The most common cause of non-compliance in the present study was symptomatic relief during treatment (73.20%) followed by intolerance to medications (24.40%).Conclusions: Compliance to the drug regimen under RNTCP plays a vital role in the cure of the TB cases. Non-Compliance rate being high in the present study, health education of the community at large and regular follow up of all defaulters, to find out the reasons for default and measures to reduce them, requires more emphasis to achieve the goal of RNTCP.
Using SketchUp to Simulate Tree Row Azimuth Effects on Alley Shading
Authors: Burner David M. , Ashworth Amanda J. , Laughlin Kent F. , Boyer Mark E. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Effect of row azimuth on alley crop illumination is difficult to determine empirically.We assessed if Google SketchUp could be used to simulate effects of azimuth orientation.SketchUp can assist design and placement of pine plantations in landscapes.
Effect of row azimuth on alley crop illumination is difficult to determine empirically. Our objective was to determine if SketchUp (Trimble Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) could be used to simulate effect of azimuth orientation on illumination of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) alleys. Simulations were conducted for trees in East–West, North–South, Northeast–Southwest, and Northwest–Southeast azimuth orientations assuming tree size parameters and row spacing of a 14‐yr‐old plantation near Booneville, AR. SketchUp predicted that the East–West azimuth allowed significantly more illumination at the alley surface during April to August compared to other azimuths, and significantly less illumination than other azimuths during October to February. SketchUp could assist the design and placement of pine plantations in the landscape for agroforestry practices, reducing the time and costs associated with in‐field testing at plantation scale.
Effect of Dairy Manure Storage Conditions on the Survival of E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria
Authors: Biswas S. , Niu M. , Pandey P. , Appuhamy J. A. D. R. N. , Leytem A. B. , Kebreab E. , Dungan R. S. 
Published: November 2017

Dairy manure is regularly applied to crop fields as a solid or liquid to improve the soil nutrient status. However, pathogens may survive during manure storage and enter the environment during application. In this study, three storage practices were evaluated to understand the survival patterns of Eschericia coli O157:H7 and Listeria spp. in dairy manure using a culture‐based approach. To replicate common farm manure storage techniques, solid manure was stacked as piles with periodic turning or as static piles without turning, whereas liquid manure (feces, urine, and water) was stored as a slurry in small tanks to simulate lagoon conditions. The E. coli and Listeria levels in the manure samples were determined for 29 wk. Results showed that there was an initial reduction in bacteria levels in the first month; however, both E. coli and Listeria managed to survive in the solid manure piles for the full study period. In slurry samples, E. coli was not detected after 14 wk, but Listeria survived until the end of the experiment at relatively lower levels than in the solid manure piles. Ambient weather and pile size were identified as the main reasons for bacteria survival during the course of the experiment. The outcome of this study is important in terms of understanding pathogen survival in manure piles and slurries prior to their application to crop fields.Core Ideas
Solid and liquid dairy manure storage conditions on pathogen decay were investigated.
E. coli O157:H7 and Listeria spp. survived in solid manure up to 6 months.
Pile size and temperature are factors that likely influenced pathogen survival.
Temporal and Spatial Variation in Peatland Carbon Cycling and Implications for Interpreting Responses of an Ecosystem‐Scale Warming Experiment
Authors: Griffiths Natalie A. , Hanson Paul J. , Ricciuto Daniel M. , Iversen Colleen M. , Jensen Anna M. , Malhotra Avni , McFarlane Karis J. , Norby Richard J. , Sargsyan Khachik , Sebestyen Stephen D. , Shi Xiaoying , Walker Anthony P. , Ward Eric J. , Warren Jeffrey M. , Weston David J. 
Published: November 2017

Core IdeasWe compared spatial vs. temporal variation in C cycle processes and drivers in a bog.The bog was indistinguishable as a C source or sink because of high spatial variation.Sensitive C cycle parameters in the model differed under ambient vs. warming scenarios.Characterizing pretreatment variability is necessary when interpreting warming effects.We are conducting a large‐scale, long‐term climate change response experiment in an ombrotrophic peat bog in Minnesota to evaluate the effects of warming and elevated CO2on ecosystem processes using empirical and modeling approaches. To better frame future assessments of peatland responses to climate change, we characterized and compared spatial vs. temporal variation in measured C cycle processes and their environmental drivers. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis of a peatland C model to identify how variation in ecosystem parameters contributes to model prediction uncertainty. High spatial variability in C cycle processes resulted in the inability to determine if the bog was a C source or sink, as the 95% confidence interval ranged from a source of 50 g C m–2yr–1to a sink of 67 g C m–2yr–1. Model sensitivity analysis also identified that spatial variation in tree and shrub photosynthesis, allocation characteristics, and maintenance respiration all contributed to large variations in the pretreatment estimates of net C balance. Variation in ecosystem processes can be more thoroughly characterized if more measurements are collected for parameters that are highly variable over space and time, and especially if those measurements encompass environmental gradients that may be driving the spatial and temporal variation (e.g., hummock vs. hollow microtopographies, and wet vs. dry years). Together, the coupled modeling and empirical approaches indicate that variability in C cycle processes and their drivers must be taken into account when interpreting the significance of experimental warming and elevated CO2treatments.
Soil Health Indicators during Transition from Row Crops to Grass–Legume Sod
Authors: Pena-Yewtukhiw Eugenia M. , Romano Emily Leslie , Waterland Nicole Lynn , Grove John H. 
Published: November 2017

Core Ideas
Transition from organic row crop to 3‐yr sod led to significant changes in surface soil health.
Changes in soil chemistry were generally subject to a manure × transition time interaction.
Manure plus sod are required to increase organic matter in deficient soils.
Soil quality and/or health changes with grass sod insertion in a rotation.
Grass–Legume sod inclusion in row crop rotations changes soil health. The transition to a 3‐yr orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) sod was examined in an existing 7‐yr organic rotation with four row crop years: corn (Zea mays L.), soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), and kale with cowpea (Brassica oleracea and Vigna unguiculata). The study objectives were to determine changes in soil physical health indicators, nutrient stratification, and grass and/or legume biomass during the 3‐yr sod growth period, at two composted beef manure rates applied twice in the rotation, prior to corn or wheat establishment. Soil properties were determined in 2013 and 2014 on a four (annual rotation components: TY0, kale and cowpea going to grass–legume sod; TY1, first sod year; TY2, second sod year; TY3, third sod year) by two (non‐manured and manured) factorial treatment subset. Sod biomass was determined in 2013 and 2014 on the three (TY1, TY2, and TY3) by two (non‐manured and manured) factorial treatment subset. Surface (0–5 cm) soil health parameters increased between TY0 and TY3, including bulk density (non‐manured 1.21 ± 0.08 to 1.29 ± 0.06; manured 1.10 ± 0.07 to 1.18 ± 0.09 kg m–3); wet aggregate geometric mean diameter (non‐manured 3.68 ± 2.28 to 4.32 ± 2.83; manured 3.99 ± 1.39 to 5.27 ± 0.45 mm); organic matter (non‐manured 36.1 ± 6.0 to 39.4 ± 5.1; manured 49.3 ± 9.1 to 60.7 ± 9.9 g kg–1). Nutrient (P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn) stratification was observed. There was a transition year × manure interaction where manure increased the rate of soil parameter change. Both manure addition and sod insertion improved aggregate stability, organic matter, total N and bioavailable nutrients.
Sanitation and water supply in schools and girls' educational progression in Zambia
Authors: Agol Dorice , Harvey Peter , Maíllo Javier 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThere is much anecdotal evidence related to the importance of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in schools for girls' educational progression, yet a lack of comprehensive quantitative studies on linkages between WASH and educational indicators disaggregated by gender and grade. This paper aims to fill that gap by testing the hypothesis that the presence of water and sanitation facilities in schools can increase female-to-male enrolment ratios and reduce repetition and drop-out-ratios for girls, especially at ages when they menstruate. Quantitative analyses were undertaken of Education Management Information System (EMIS) data collected from over 10,000 schools in Zambia, to explore relationships between WASH facility provision in schools and enrolment, repetition and drop-out ratios disaggregated by gender and grade. Results indicated that improved sanitation provision in schools was correlated with high female-to-male enrolment ratios, and reduced repetition and drop-out ratios, especially for girls. A t-test revealed significant gender differences in grades 5–8 when many girls start to experience their menstrual cycle. Improved water supply in schools, however, did not reveal the same relationship. The findings confirm possible linkages between adequate toilets in schools and educational progression of girls.
Variations of odorous VOCs detected by different assessors via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and olfactory detection port (ODP) system
Authors: Barczak Radosław J. , Fisher Ruth M. , Wang Xinguang , Stuetz Richard M. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Odorous volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were analysed via a thermal desorption gas chromatograph coupled with a mass spectrometer and olfactory detection port (TD-GC-MS/ODP) to characterize odour emissions from a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Three trained ODP assessors, screened according to the European dynamic olfactometry standard (EN: 13725), were used for the olfactory analysis. Their sensitivity to n-butanol varied within the acceptable limits. VOC samples from the WWTP were collected onto Tenax TA sorbent tubes in triplicate and each assessor analysed one tube in the same sample desorbing and analysing conditions. Intensities of odours detected from ODP were scaled from 1 to 4. The ODP assessors used their own odour descriptors based on their own experience as well as referenced descriptors on published compost and wastewater odour wheels. The ODP assessors detected a total of 32 different odorous VOCs; however, the intensities assigned by each assessor to particular VOCs varied. Moreover, some odorous VOCs were not detected by all assessors. For example, geosmin was detected by only two assessors. The use of a TD-GC-MS/ODP system for the analysis of odorous VOCs is valuable when analysed by different assessors, allowing a range of responses to specific odorants in a populations to be investigated.
Electrochemical Nucleic Acid-Based Biosensing of Drugs of Abuse and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Campuzano Susana , Pedrero María , Pingarrón José M. 
Published: November 2017

Background:
Studies on the interactions of DNA with small molecular drugs
are currently performed both to explore their mechanism of action and to develop new
drugs. Electrochemical biosensors offer a very promising alternative to more complex
conventional techniques for drug determination due to rapidness, low cost, simplicity,
high sensitivity and compatibility with use in different settings. In this review, selected
electrochemical nucleic acid-based biosensing methods described so far for the determination
of pharmaceuticals and illicit drugs are briefly overviewed, discussing their basics
and main features. A section pointing out general conclusions and future directions in this
field is also provided.

Results:
The 42 selected contributions described electrochemical platforms to determine
drugs of interest by monitoring their specific interactions with nucleic acids (DNA and
aptamers), DNA damage and specific DNA-protein interactions. The highlighted approaches
reported the use of electrodes unmodified or modified with nanomaterials and/or
polymers in which DNA-drug interaction was followed by electrochemical detection of
DNA puric bases, active drug or diffusion-free markers, and monitoring changes in the
surface layer morphology/permeability and charge transfer resistance using different electrochemical
techniques.

Conclusion:
Although electrochemical nucleic acid biosensing approaches constitute an
interesting option for drugs determination in terms of cost, simplicity and miniaturized instrumentation,
validating exhaustively their performance in real samples against conventional
methodologies and implementing them into portable and automatic high throughput devices,
together with exploring novel electrode modifications with nanomaterials and polymers and
studying in more detail their multiplexing ability for analysis of a large number of analytes, is
still needed.