bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating Habitat Suitability and Larval Drift Modeling for Spawning‐To‐Nursery Functional Habitat Connectivity Analysis in Rivers
Authors: Farò David , Wolter Christian 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHabitat suitability modeling is a commonly used methodology to plan and assess in‐stream habitat enhancement in rivers, such as for the key fish life stages spawning and juvenile development. However, their use only allows modeling the spatial distribution of habitats, but not their connectivity. By integrating micro‐scale habitat modeling and a larval drift model, we assess the functional connectivity between spawning and larval nursery habitats for four rheophilic and litophilic fish species in a channelized and hydropower impacted reach of the lower Inn River (Bavaria, Germany), in which two restoration measures, a bypass channel and an island side‐channel system, have been constructed to improve longitudinal connectivity and habitat conditions. The study aims to (a) map spawning and larval nursery habitats, (b) quantify their connectivity, and (c) optimize functional habitat connectivity through an alternative bypass channel location. Results show that the channel's morphological complexity influences quantity and quality of available spawning and nursery habitats and their connectivity. Despite the presence of nursery habitats across the analyzed channel, the slow lateral larval dispersion during drift limits their accessibility to only the left river bank, making only 33% of available habitats useable. The degree of functional connectivity and hence the percentage of useable habitats can however be increased up to 95.3 % when considering different spatial configurations of habitats, which were explored in two alternative restoration scenarios. The results demonstrate the importance of considering functional habitat connectivity in habitat assessments and restoration planning.
Formation of a Large Cold Groundwater Mantle Helium Anomaly and High Temperature Geothermal Resources in Response to Bimodal Magmatism Near Roosevelt Hot Springs and Utah FORGE, Milford Valley, Southwest Utah
Authors: Simmons Stuart F. , Kirby Stefan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA large mantle helium anomaly and separate domains of high heat flow are the predominant manifestations of bimodal magmatic activity in the Milford valley. The mantle helium anomaly (1.9–2.6 R/Ra) covers 270 km2 and is subdivided into two separated domains: a cold shallow groundwater regime and high temperature hydrothermal activity. The zone of anomalous heat flow covers >100 km2 and is also subdivided into two adjacent domains, comprising hydrothermal activity at Roosevelt Hot Springs (RHS) (3–7 W/m2) and conductive heat flow (100–180 mW/m2). While the transfer of heat and mantle helium at RHS are coupled, heat and helium transfer are decoupled in the adjacent cold groundwater regime to the west. Both the mantle helium and geothermal anomalies are attributed to recent mafic‐felsic magmatic intrusions of >400 km3, however, the absence of volcanic eruptions <500,000 years indicates magmas stall before rising to shallow crustal level <10 km depth. Deep level magmatism produces a felsic composition melt, which is inferred to be responsible for the widespread and near uniform range of diluted mantle helium values. A thick and impermeable mass of crystalline granitic basement rock at the mid‐crustal level divides the ascent of mantle helium into separate flow paths. It may also impede the rise of buoyant magma trapping thermal energy that facilitates partial melting, slow cooling, and development of a thick thermal aureole. Partitioning of convective and conductive thermal regimes and independent flow paths supplying deeply derived helium characterize the development of a large long‐lived magma‐related geothermal system.
The LCROSS Impact Crater as Seen by ShadowCam and Mini‐RF: Size, Context, and Excavation of Copernican Volatiles
Authors: Fassett C. I. , Robinson M. S. , Patterson G. W. , Denevi B. W. , Mahanti P. , Mazarico E. , Rivera‐Valentín E. G. , Turner F. S. , Manheim M. R. , Colaprete A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Lunar CRater Observations and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) impacted a Centaur rocket stage into a permanently shadowed region (PSR) in Cabeus crater, excavating water ice and other volatiles. We used the Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini‐RF) instrument on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter and the ShadowCam instrument on the Korean Pathfinder Lunar Orbiter to detect the probable 22‐m diameter crater that resulted from the LCROSS impact. The crater formed superposed upon a dense small crater population along a crater ray from a larger pre‐existing crater. From its geologic context, the ice and regolith excavated by LCROSS were likely modified within the last 0.1–0.5 Gyr. An upper limit for the excavated volatiles is ~0.9 Gyr, as the location was not a PSR prior to that time. A young age for the LCROSS‐detected volatiles supports the idea that they were mostly emplaced by an exogenic mechanism, such as from comets or the solar wind.
Observations of Compressional Structures Driven by Interaction Between Foreshock Ions and Discontinuities
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Otto Antonius 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe ion foreshock is very dynamic, characterized by various transient structures that can perturb the bow shock and influence the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. One important driver of foreshock transients is solar wind directional discontinuities (DDs) that demagnetize foreshock ions leading to a local current. If this current decreases the field strength at the DD, a hot flow anomaly (HFA) can form. Recent hybrid simulations found that when the current increases the field strength at the DD, a compressional structure forms with enhanced density and field strength opposite to HFAs. Using MMS and THEMIS observations, we confirm this situation. We demonstrate that the current geometry driven by the foreshock ions plays a critical role in the formation. The initial gyrophase of foreshock ions, due to their specular reflection, determines whether they can cross the DD. When many of the foreshock ions cannot cross the DD and the local current they drive increases the field strength at the DD, the enhanced field strength inhibits more foreshock ions from crossing the DD, further enhancing the local current. This feedback loop promotes the growth of the compressional structure. Such foreshock ion‐driven compressional structures can result in dynamic pressure enhancements in the magnetosheath, leading to magnetosheath jets. Our study enables prediction of the location and formation probability of such compressional structures and their potential geoeffectiveness.
Temporal Behavior of Glacially Induced Stresses and Strains at Potential Sites for Long‐Term Storage of Used Nuclear Fuel in Canada
Authors: Steffen Holger , Steffen Rebekka 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContinental‐scale glaciations cause deformation, geopotential, rotation and stress changes of the Earth. Subsurface stress changes have implications to future activities such as carbon capture and storage, enhanced oil recovery and deep geological disposal of nuclear waste. We model glacially induced stresses, strain changes and deformation for North America, with emphasis on the two potential sites for long‐term storage of used nuclear fuel in Canada (Saugeen Ojibway Nation (SON)‐South Bruce area in southwestern Ontario and Wabigoon Lake Ojibway Nation (WLON)‐Ignace area in northwestern Ontario). We apply a revised, high‐resolution ice history of the past glacial cycle from the University of Toronto Glacial Systems Model, assumed to be representative for future glacial cycles, together with a set of seven different one‐ and three‐dimensional earth structures. We find that glacially induced stresses and strains can vary strongly throughout a glacial cycle, whereas especially the horizontal components can change from tensional to compressive in nature. Such changes can happen within a few 1,000 years, caused by drastic and rapid ice thickness increase or decrease above the potential site. Despite SON‐South Bruce being located further away from the ice sheet center than WLON‐Ignace and temporarily in the forebulge of the developing ice sheet during glaciation, stresses and strains are very similar in magnitude and range at both sites. We also see the potential that the glacially induced stresses can alter the direction of the pre‐existing maximum horizontal stress at SON‐South Bruce. These results will be incorporated in the site safety and site selection process.
Forecasting High Resolution Precipitation Events With Logistic Echo State Networks
Authors: Moncada Morales Lizda Nazdira , Bonas Matthew , Castruccio Stefano , Crippa Paola 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccurately predicting hydroclimate events is crucial for understanding the impacts of climate change and effectively managing water resources, particularly for flood mitigation and timely warnings. Despite recent advances in machine learning, forecasting precipitation events continues to be challenging due to inherent data imbalances and the intricate dynamics governing these occurrences, rendering them difficult to model accurately. Echo State Networks (ESNs) offer a promising solution; their ability to model complex processes has been demonstrated throughout the field of environmental science. For this work, we propose a novel adaptation of ESNs, termed BinESN, to binary classification problems of precipitation occurrence. In particular, we extend the ESN to a generalized linear model framework, we leverage the ESN's ability to recognize complex dynamics while maintaining interpretability of the predicted output. Through simulation studies and an application to numerically simulated precipitation, we show that BinESN produces more accurate forecasts of sparse events in both short‐ and long‐range scenarios compared to other common machine learning approaches. Specifically, the proposed BinESN outperforms other reference methods by over 10% in terms of its area under the receiver operating characteristic curve.
A Proxy System Modeling Approach to Combining Tree‐Ring and Sediment‐Based Paleotempestological Records
Authors: Wallace Elizabeth J. , Dee Sylvia , Bregy Joshua , Emanuel Kerry A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe short and biased observational record of tropical cyclones (TCs) limits scientific understanding of how these destructive storms respond to climate forcing. Paleohurricane records use natural archives (tree rings, coarse‐grained sediment) to reconstruct TC properties (frequency and intensity of rainfall, wind) over the past few hundreds to thousands of years. However, different sensitivities and sampling biases in the various paleohurricane proxies restrict our ability to compile these records into regional or basin‐scale TC estimates. Here we test how well pseudo tree‐ring records of paleohurricanes capture TC rainfall and occurrence. Using a large set of statistically downscaled storms forced with the Max Planck Institute (MPI‐ESM‐P) model as boundary conditions for the past millennium, we generate a 1000‐member ensemble of pseudo tree‐ring records of latewood width from southern Mississippi using a Poisson process‐based random draw. Pseudo records convert synthetic TC rainfall into latewood width using a previously published statistical calibration and seasonal sensitivity. We show that fourth quantile thresholds applied to pseudo latewood data successfully identify years with TC strikes. Comparing pseudo tree‐ring records with pseudo sediment records from the Gulf Coast indicates promise in combining proxies sensitive to TC rainfall with proxies sensitive to storm overwash. Sediment records that are sensitive to lower intensity storms (≥Saffir Simpson Category 1) are more compatible with tree‐ring records, suggesting a need for more of these low intensity threshold records in the Gulf to facilitate future multi‐proxy efforts to reconstruct past TC properties.
Design of adaptive speed controllers for matrix‐converter‐based interior permanent magnet synchronous motor drive systems
Authors: Liu Tian‐Hua , Wang Shao‐Ming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInterior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) which are driven by matrix converters have many advantages, including one‐stage power conversion, high efficiency, bidirectional power transfer, near unity input power factor, and low input current harmonics. However, the virtual DC‐link voltages of matrix‐converters vary from 0.866 to and the current commutations of matrix‐converters create serious three‐phase stator harmonic currents as well. Moreover, matrix‐converter‐based IPMSM drive systems, in general, have very large external loads, which require advanced control methods. To solve these problems, two adaptive controllers, including a model reference adaptive controller and a self‐tuning controller, are investigated in this article for matrix‐converter PMSM drive systems. From the experimental results, the proposed two adaptive speed controllers provide excellent dynamic responses, which are superior to PI speed controllers, including faster transient responses, better tracking abilities, and greater robustness. As a result, this proposed matrix‐converter‐based IPMSM drive system is very suitable in industrial applications.
Mapping the exo-Neptunian landscape
Authors: Castro-González A. , Bourrier V. , Lillo-Box J. , Delisle J.-B. , Armstrong D. J. , Barrado D. , Correia A. C. M. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Atmospheric and dynamical processes are thought to play a major role in shaping the distribution of close-in exoplanets. A striking feature of such distribution is the Neptunian desert, a dearth of Neptunes on the shortest-period orbits.
Aims. We aimed to define the boundaries of the Neptunian desert and study its transition into the savanna, a moderately populated region at larger orbital distances. Our goal was to acquire new insight into the processes that carved out the Neptunian landscape, and to provide the exoplanet community with a framework for conducting studies on planet formation and evolution.
Methods. We built a sample of planets and candidates based on the Kepler DR25 catalogue and weighed it according to the transit and detection probabilities. We then used the corrected distribution to study occurrences across the period and period-radius spaces. Results. We delimited the Neptunian desert as the close-in region of the period-radius space with no planets at a 3σ level, and provide the community with simple, ready-to-use approximate boundaries. We identified an overdensity of planets separating the Neptunian desert from the savanna (3.2 days ⪅ Porb ⪅ 5.7 days) that stands out at a 4.7σ level above the desert and at a 3.5σ level above the savanna, which we propose to call the Neptunian ridge. The period range of the ridge matches that of the well-known hot Jupiter pileup (≃3–5 days), which suggests that similar evolutionary processes might act on both populations. We find that the occurrence fraction between the pileup and warm Jupiters (ƒpileup/warm = 5.3 ± 1.1) is about twice that between the Neptunian ridge and savanna (ƒridge/savanna = 2.7 ± 0.5). This indicates either that the processes that drive or maintain planets in the overdensity are more efficient for Jupiters, or that the processes that drive or maintain planets in the warm region are more efficient for Neptunes.
Conclusions. Our revised landscape supports a previous hypothesis that a fraction of Neptunes were brought to the edge of the desert (i.e. the newly identified ridge) through high-eccentricity tidal migration (HEM) late in their life, surviving the evaporation that eroded Neptunes having arrived earlier in the desert. The ridge thus appears as a true physical feature illustrating the interplay between photoevaporation and HEM, providing further evidence of their role in shaping the distribution of close-in Neptunes.
Einfluss von Erythrozytenkonzentrat-Transfusionen auf den Weaning-Prozess bei prolongiert beatmeten Patienten
Authors: Schäfer Henry , Edel Jan , Martinez Carlos , Wallenhorst Christopher , Hellstern Alfred 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Patienten mit prolongierter Beatmung sind häufig anämisch. Ziel der Studie war es, die Dauer und den Erfolg einer Beatmungsentwöhnung unter dem Aspekt der Gabe von Erythrozytenkonzentrat-Transfusionen zu untersuchen.

Methode Es wurde eine retrospektive Analyse von Patientendaten aus einer Weaning-Einheit durchgeführt. Transfundierte und nicht transfundierte Patienten wurden mithilfe eines Propensity-Scores gematcht. Von 249 Patienten in der Datenbank konnten 31 transfundierte und die gleiche Anzahl nicht transfundierter Fälle mit ähnlicher Krankheitsschwere, gemessen anhand des Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS), analysiert werden. Es wurden zusätzliche Sensitivitätsanalysen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse In der Gruppe der transfundierten Patienten war die Weaning-Dauer mit 1,35 Tagen in der Hauptanalyse bzw. 3,26 Tagen in der Sensitivitätsanalyse länger als bei nicht transfundierten Patienten. Der Weaning-Erfolg war ebenfalls unterschiedlich. Es zeigte sich in der Gruppe der transfundierten Patienten ein zweifach höheres Risiko für ein Weaning-Versagen. Auch hinsichtlich der Mortalität waren die Gruppen verschieden. 25,8% der transfundierten Patienten verstarben, während bei den nicht transfundierten Patienten die Mortalität 6,5% betrug. Das Risiko zu versterben war erhöht bei Patienten, die Transfusionen erhielten. Die Unterschiede waren aber statistisch nicht signifikant.

Schlussfolgerung Ein hoher Anteil prolongiert beatmeter Patienten weist eine Anämie auf. Die Transfusion von Erythrozytenkonzentraten verbessert in diesem Kollektiv nicht die Prognose der Patienten. Die Notwendigkeit einer Transfusion war in dieser Studie mit einer höheren Sterblichkeit und längerer Weaning-Dauer assoziiert. Die Indikation zur Transfusion sollte daher restriktiv gestellt werden.
Roboterassistierte Pankreassegmentresektion
Authors: Weber Georg F. , Krautz Christian , Grützmann Robert , Brunner Maximilian 
Published: September 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Pankreassegmentresektion weist bei symptomatischen benignen oder prämalignen
Läsionen des Pankreaskorpus bzw. -schwanzes, die sich nicht für eine Enukleation eignen,
eine ausgezeichnete Alternative zur Pankreaslinksresektion auf. Der Hauptvorteil dieser
Technik liegt in der Schonung von Pankreasparenchym, was mit einer niedrigeren Rate an
postoperativem Diabetes mellitus assoziiert ist. Auf der Gegenseite erfordert die
Pankreassegmentresektion eine komplexere Rekonstruktion, was wiederum mit einer erhöhten
Morbidität einhergeht.Insulinom im Pankreaskorpus.Roboterassistierte Pankreassegmentresektion mit Pankreatikojejunostomie in modifizierter
Blumgart-Technik.Die Pankreassegmentresektion stellt ein aufgrund einer limitierten Anzahl an
Indikationen insgesamt seltenes und zudem anspruchsvolles Resektionsverfahren am Pankreas
dar, besitzt aber aufgrund der funktionellen Vorteile eindeutig ihren Stellenwert in der
modernen Pankreaschirurgie. Bei entsprechender Indikation und technischer Durchführbarkeit
sollte die Pankreassegmentresektion einer alternativen Pankreaslinksresektion vorgezogen und
wann immer möglich minimalinvasiv durchgeführt werden.
Primary Seminal Vesicle Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Goyal Jitin , Baweja Rupinder Singh , Agarwal Nitin , Sharma Anila , Puri Sunil Kumar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPrimary seminal vesicle cancer (SVC) is an exceptionally rare occurrence and is often secondary to bladder or prostate cancers. Adenocarcinoma is being the predominant histological type, with only a few cases reported in the literature.This case report presents a 54-year-old male diagnosed with primary seminal vesicle clear cell adenocarcinoma who underwent bilateral orchidectomy for bilateral undescended testis 25 years ago. The patient exhibited frequency of urination and imaging studies revealed a large enhancing soft tissue mass in the pelvis, involving the prostate gland, compressing the urinary bladder and left ureter. Biopsy results initially suggested poorly differentiated carcinoma of renal cell origin but subsequent histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis confirmed clear cell adenocarcinoma originating from the seminal vesicles/mesonephric remnants. The patient underwent excision of pelvic mass with sigmoidectomy bladder repair, rectosigmoid anastomosis, and bilateral double-J stenting and followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.In conclusion, primary SVC is an extremely rare malignancy, and clear cell adenocarcinoma represents a particularly uncommon subtype. This case highlights the importance of considering primary seminal vesicle malignancies when evaluating pelvic masses and the significance of histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses in establishing an accurate diagnosis.
Towards quantum gravity with neural networks: solving quantum Hamilton constraints of 3d Euclidean gravity in the weak coupling limit
Authors: Sahlmann Hanno , Sherif Waleed 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe aim of the present work is to demonstrate the applicability of machine learning techniques and in particular neural network quantum states in the context of loop quantum gravity, albeit for a simplified theory. We consider 3-dimensional Euclidean gravity in a gauge theoretical formulation in a certain weak coupling limit due to Smolin, and show that the gauge group becomes Abelian, resulting inU(1)3BF-theory. The theory is quantised using loop quantum gravity methods. The kinematical degrees of freedom are truncated, on account of computational feasibility, by fixing a graph and deforming the algebra of the holonomies to impose a cutoff on the charge vectors. This leads to a quantum theory related toUq(1)3BF-theory. The effect of imposing the cutoff on the charges is examined. We also implement the quantum volume operator of 3d loop quantum gravity. Most importantly we compare two constraints for the quantum model obtained: a master constraint enforcing curvature and Gauß constraint, as well as a combination of a quantum Hamilton constraint constructed using Thiemann’s strategy and the Gauß master constraint. The two constraints are solved using the neural network quantum state ansatz, demonstrating its ability to explore models which are out of reach for exact numerical methods. The solutions spaces are quantitatively compared and although the forms of the constraints are radically different, the solutions turn out to have a surprisingly large overlap. We also investigate the behavior of the quantum volume in solutions to the constraints.
Spectroscopy and annihilation decay widths of charmonium and bottomonium excitations
Authors: Mony A Christas , Dhir Rohit 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
We study the charmonium (

c

c

¯

) and bottomonium (

b

b

¯

) spectra, using Cornell potential with additional constant potential term in a non-relativistic framework, with spin-dependent corrections corresponding to the spin–spin, spin–orbit, and tensor interactions added perturbatively. We predict the masses of low-lying and excited states of charmonium and bottomonium up to n = 6 and L = 2. We analyze the radial and orbital Regge trajectories of both the systems and investigate their departure from linearity. Further, we estimate the wave function at the origin and, consequently, predict the decay widths of charmonium and bottomonium states annihilating to leptons and photons. Also, we investigate the effect of scale dependence of the wave function at the origin and the strong coupling constant on the predictions of annihilation decay widths. We compare our predictions of heavy quarkonium spectra and decay widths with experimental results and other theoretical models.