bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coinfection of human adenovirus and recombinant human astrovirus in a case of acute gastroenteritis: A report from China
Authors: Wang Xin , Liu Wanqiu , Hu Mingda , He Yaqing , Wang Boqian , Li Kexin , Zhang Rui , Zhang Hailong , Wang Tianyi , Wang Yuxin , Chen Long , Hu Xiaofeng , Ren Hongguang , Song Hongbin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDiarrhea is one of the major public health issues worldwide. Although the infections of individual enteric virus have been extensively studied, elucidation of the coinfection involving multiple viruses is still limited. In this study, we identified the coinfection of human adenovirus (HAdV) and human astrovirus (HAstV) in a child with acute gastroenteritis, analyzed their genotypes and molecular evolution characteristics. The sample was collected and identified using RT‐PCR and subjected to whole‐genome sequencing on the NovaSeq (Illumina) platform. Obtained sequences were assembled into the complete genome of HAdV and the ORF1 of HAstV. We conducted phylogenetic analysis using IQ‐TREE software and conducted recombination analysis with the Recombination Detection Program. The sequenced HAdV was confirmed to be genotype 41, and was genetically close to some European strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the HAstV was genetically close to both HAstV‐2 and HAstV‐4 and was different from the genotype prevalent in Shenzhen before. The recombination analysis confirmed that the sequenced HAstV strain is a recombinant of HAstV‐2 and HAstV‐4. Our analysis has shown that the strains in this coinfection are both uncommon variants in this geographical region, instead of dominant subtypes that have prevailed for years. This study presents a coinfection of HAdV and HAstV and conducts an evolutionary analysis on involved viruses, which reveals the genetic diversity of epidemic strains in Southern China and offers valuable insights into vaccine and medical research.
Rapid headspace analysis of commercial spearmint and peppermint teas using volatile ‘fingerprints’ and an electronic nose
Authors: Siderhurst Matthew S , Bartel William D , Hoover Anna G , Lacks Skylar , Lehman Meredith GM 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSpearmint and peppermint teas are widely consumed around the world for their flavor and therapeutic properties. Dynamic headspace sampling (HS) coupled to gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) with principal component analysis (PCA) of ‘fingerprint’ volatile profiles were used to investigate 27 spearmint and peppermint teas. Additionally, comparisons between mint teas were undertaken with an electronic nose (enose).RESULTSTwenty compounds, all previously known in the literature, were identified using HS–GC–MS. PCA found distinct differences between the fingerprint volatile profiles of spearmint, peppermint and spearmint/peppermint combination teas. HS–GC–MS analysis performed with an achiral column allowed faster processing time and yielded tighter clustering of PCA tea groups than the analysis which used a chiral column. Two spearmint outliers were detected. One showed a high degree of variation in volatile composition and a second wholly overlapped with the peppermint PCA grouping. Enose analysis separated all treatments with no overlaps.CONCLUSIONCharacterizing the volatile fingerprints of mint teas is critical to quality control for this valuable agricultural product. The results of this study show that fingerprint volatile profiles and enose analysis of mint teas are distinctive and could be used to rapidly identify unknown samples. With specific volatile profiles identified for each tea, samples could be tested in the laboratory, or potentially on a farm or along the supply chain, to confirm the provenance and authenticity of mint food or beverage commodities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
Mood, Anxiety, and Cognitive Alterations in Cancer Patients
Authors: Fortes Gabriela Noronha , Fortes Marcos Fraga , Fortes Marcos Noronha , Gomes Fernanda Christoffel , Seelaendar Marília Cerqueira Leite , de Pinho Ariene Murari Soares , de Jesus Joyce de Cassia Rosa , Otoch José Pinhata 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectiveTo analyze the cytokine profile in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as mood, anxiety, and cognition profiles in patients with CC.MethodsOne hundred and nine individuals were evaluated, 37 controls, 18 CWC, and 54 CC patients. Assessments included BDI, HADS, Digit Span, FAS‐verbal, Animals/WMS‐R, Matrix Reasoning and Vocabulary (WASI), and QLQ‐C30.ResultsThe CC group exhibited 62.96% depression and probable anxiety/depression, with 75.92% showing attention deficits. The CC and CWC groups demonstrated significant cognitive impairment on the WASI‐Vocabulary test (CWC: 13.4 ± 2.2; CC: 15.9 ± 1.1) compared to the control group (Ct: 22.8 ± 1.6; p = 0.0002). In the QLQ‐C30 scores, the CC group reported a greater perceived loss of quality of life and health deterioration (score of 17.5 ± 2.6) and lower scores on the Functional Scale (49.8 ± 4.5). The CC group had 18.52% illiteracy, 18.52% incomplete higher education, and 22.22% complete elementary education. The CC group also had lower weight (Ct: 67.8 ± 1.4; CWC: 61.7 ± 3.1; CC: 59.6 ± 1.7; p = 0.0023) and BMI (CC: 21.5 [18.3; 24.8]; Ct: 24.9 [23; 25.8]; p = 0.0021) compared to controls. Cytokines detected in the CSF were MCP‐1, VEGF, IL‐8, IP‐10, and MIP‐1β. Higher concentrations of MCP‐1 were found in cancer patients (CSC: 571.2 ± 105.8; CC: 399.5 ± 65.9; Ct: 1477 ± 0.1; p < 0.0001), along with lower levels of MIP‐1β (CC: 4345 [3060; 7353]) and VEGF (CC: 48.3 ± 2.0; CWC: 49.8 ± 3.8; Ct: 64.8 ± 3.2; p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe level of mental impairment (mood, anxiety, and cognitive deficits) correlated with cancer‐associated and cachexia‐associated inflammation, weight loss, low BMI, elevated C‐reactive protein (CRP), leukocytosis, lymphopenia, anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and low scores on the QLQ‐C30 questionnaire (Global Health Status, Functional Scale, Symptom Scale). The CC group exhibited a higher prevalence of depression/anxiety, a stronger correlation between depression and inflammation, and greater cognitive impairment in attention, reasoning, and language, alongside lower average educational attainment. The low concentration of certain cytokines in the CSF combined with elevated systemic CRP in cancer and cachexia, associated with mental disorders, presents a paradox that requires further investigation. Higher concentrations of the cytokine MCP‐1 in cancer patient groups indicated a positive correlation with the preservation of language abilities in these patients.
A Population‐Level Validation of the New 9th Edition of the American Joint Commission on Cancer Staging System for Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Karim Aos , Troester Alexander , Mott Sarah L. , Arsoniadis Elliot , Jensen Christine , Hassan Imran , Kandagatla Pridvi , Goffredo Paolo 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesThe staging system for anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) was recently revised, downstaging selected node‐positive patients and upstaging some with larger tumors. We aimed to validate this staging system using a population‐based cohort.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was analyzed to identify adult ASCC patients. Patients were staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) 8th and 9th edition systems. Survival probabilities were estimated using Kaplan‐Meier curves. Cox regression models were utilized to estimate the effect of stage on overall (OS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS).ResultsA total of 2117 patients were identified and staged based on the two AJCC classifications. At 24 months when comparing stage IIB versus stage IIIA, the 8th edition revealed an improved OS (79% vs. 88%) and CSS (84% vs. 91%) for stage IIIA disease, while the 9th edition restored the hierarchical OS (IIB 88% vs. IIIA 78%) and CSS (91% vs. 82%) order.ConclusionsThe hierarchical increase of the OS HRs, and nearly all CSS HRs, across disease stages validated the updated edition of the AJCC classification. Although this change may not have significant implication on the management of ASCC, it does provide better prognostication.
Chronic pain at 1‐year following knee arthroplasty is associated with a worse joint‐specific function and health‐related quality of life
Authors: Clement Nick D. , Jones Samantha , Afzal Irrum , Kader Deiary F. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to identify independent variables associated with chronic pain (CP) at 1 year following knee arthroplasty (KA) and whether this influenced functional outcomes.MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted over a 2‐year period and included 2588 patients with completed Oxford knee score (OKS) and EuroQol (EQ)‐five domains (5D) preoperatively and at 1 and 2 years postoperatively. The OKS pain component score was used to define patients with CP (≤14 points). The mean age was 70.0 (range 34–94) years and there were 1553 (60.0%) females.ResultsThere were 322 (12.4%) patients with CP at 1 year. A worse preoperative EQ‐5D (p = 0.025), EQ‐visual analogue scale (VAS) (p = 0.005) and OKS questions relating to washing (p = 0.010), limping (p = 0.007), kneeling (p = 0.003) and night pain (p = 0.004) were independently associated with risk of CP. However, the preoperative OKS (area under the curve [AUC]: 72.0, p < 0.001) and EQ‐5D score (AUC: 70.1, p < 0.001) were the most reliable predictors, with threshold values of <18‐points and <0.300 being predictive of CP, respectively. Of those with CP at 1 year, 231 were followed up at 2 years, of which 92 (39.8%) had resolution of their CP. A worse response to OKS question 11 (ability to shop) and EQ‐5D (p = 0.028) at 1 year was independently associated with persistent CP. Patients with CP had significantly (p < 0.001) worse OKS, EQ‐5D and EQ‐VAS at 1 year compared to those without. However, for those that had resolution of their CP at 2 years, their outcomes were clinically equal to those that did not have CP at 1 year.ConclusionOne in eight patients had CP at 1 year following surgery, which was associated with clinically worse knee‐specific outcomes and quality of life. However, by 2 years, two in five patients had resolution of their CP and had functional outcomes clinically equal to those without CP at 1 year. The risk factors identified could be used to inform patients of their risk for CP and the potential for resolution.Level of EvidenceLevel III retrospective study.
School engagement, epilepsy severity, and frequency of victimization in school age children
Authors: Emick Jessica , Griffith Nathan M. , Schweitzer Hannah 
Published: September 2024

AbstractEpilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in young people, which disrupts daily life and results in an increased risk of victimization. Archival data from the 2018/2019 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a nationally representative cross‐sectional survey, were used. Data from the NSCH were collected via parent reports and analyzed for children aged 6–17 years (N = 25500). The results indicated that children with epilepsy (CWE) were significantly more likely to be frequently bullied than children with less stigmatizing chronic health conditions (i.e., asthma) and typical peers, but there was no significant association between the severity of epilepsy and the frequency of victimization. Furthermore, the degree of school engagement did not significantly moderate the relationship between epilepsy severity and frequency of victimization. However, the degree of school engagement was associated with the frequency of victimization in CWE, such that more school engagement was associated with less parent‐reported victimization. Overall, these findings support the growing evidence that CWE are at a higher risk of being bullied and need unique interventions regardless of epilepsy severity and that school engagement should be further examined to reduce victimization among CWE.
Monitoring of fused filament fabrication (FFF): An infrared imaging and machine learning approach
Authors: Bauriedel Niklas , Albuquerque Rodrigo Q. , Utz Julia , Geis Nico , Ruckdäschel Holger 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdditive manufacturing holds great promise for broader future use, but quality assurance and component monitoring present notable challenges. This study tackles monitoring Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) via infrared imaging to forecast the mechanical traits of 3D‐printed items. It highlights how temperature variations, influenced by the infill's alternating orientation, affect printed parts' mechanical properties. Utilizing Machine Learning, notably the Random Forest Regressor, this research validates the capability to accurately predict tensile strength from infrared temperature readings, offering a simple, yet effective, real‐time FFF monitoring method without specialized hardware. This approach enhances the quality and dependability of 3D‐printed components with IR thermal monitoring and machine learning predictions.Highlights
Infrared imaging and machine learning are combined to monitor 3D printing.
A cost‐effective and accessible non‐destructive monitoring method is proposed.
Temperature variation patterns of 3D printed layers influence mechanical properties.
Neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) in neonatal and pediatric critical care—A scoping review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Kuitunen Ilari , Rannankari Markus , Räsänen Kati 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe Aimed to analyze for which indications neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) has been studied in pediatric patients by conducting a scoping review. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched in September 2023. We included all randomized trials (including crossover, parallel, and cluster) comparing NAVA to other invasive ventilation modalities in children aged <18 years. We had three key outcomes. What have been the patient and disease groups where NAVA has been studied? What kind of trials and what has been the risk of bias in these randomized trials? What have been the most used outcomes and main findings? The risk of bias was assessed according to the risk of bias 2.0 tool. This review has been reported as preferred in PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. After screening 367 abstracts, 27 full reports were assessed and finally 13 studies were included. Six studies were conducted in neonates and seven in older pediatric patients. Ten of the studies were crossover and three were parallel randomized. Overall risk of bias was low in two studies, had some concerns in six studies, and was high in five studies. Most issues came from the randomization process and bias in the selection of reported results. Most used outcomes were changes in clinical parameters or measurements (such as ventilation peak and mean airway pressures, oxygenation index), and ventilator synchrony. Three parallel group trials focused on ventilation duration. The majority of the studies found NAVA as a possible alternative ventilation strategy. Although NAVA is a widely used strategy in neonatal and pediatric intensive care the current literature has notable limitations due to the risk of bias in the original studies and lack of parallel studies focusing on clinical or cost‐effectiveness outcomes.
Immunostimulatory/Immunodynamic model of mRNA‐1273 to guide pediatric vaccine dose selection
Authors: Ivaturi Vijay , Attarwala Husain , Deng Weiping , Ding Baoyu , Schnyder Ghamloush Sabine , Girard Bethany , Iqbal Javid , Minnikanti Saugandhika , Zhou Honghong , Miller Jacqueline , Das Rituparna 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCOVID‐19 vaccines, including mRNA‐1273, have been rapidly developed and deployed. Establishing the optimal dose is crucial for developing a safe and effective vaccine. Modeling and simulation have the potential to play a key role in guiding the selection and development of the vaccine dose. In this context, we have developed an immunostimulatory/immunodynamic (IS/ID) model to quantitatively characterize the neutralizing antibody titers elicited by mRNA‐1273 obtained from three clinical studies. The developed model was used to predict the optimal vaccine dose for future pediatric trials. A 25‐μg primary vaccine series was predicted to meet non‐inferiority criteria in young children (aged 2–5 years) and infants (aged 6–23 months). The geometric mean titers and geometric mean ratios for this dose level predicted using the IS/ID model a priori matched those observed in the pediatric clinical study. These findings demonstrate that IS/ID models represent a novel approach to guide data‐driven clinical dose selection of vaccines.
Effects of geometric isomerism in electron ionization mass spectra of dialkyl 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylates
Authors: Zimens Marina E. , Tussupkaliyev Yersin A. , A.Kadirbekov Kairat , Jussipbekov Umirzak Zh. , Borisov Roman S. , Zaikin Vladimir G. 
Published: September 2024

Rationale1,4‐Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and its esters are widely used as building blocks in the production of polymers and copolymers. The properties of such compounds directly depend on the ratio of cis‐ and trans‐isomers in the starting materials. The identification of such stereoisomers by mass spectrometry can be used for the analysis of complex reactions and pyrolysis mixtures.Methods1,4‐Cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid propyl, isopropyl, butyl, 2‐butyl, pentyl, 2‐pentyl, 4‐methylpentyl, heptyl, octyl, and nonyl esters were synthesized and analyzed by gas chromatography‐electron ionization mass spectrometry. The general fragmentation patterns of the synthesized compounds in electron ionization conditions were determined using high‐resolution mass spectrometry. The relative response factors for the isomers were established on the basis of NMR and GC–MS data.ResultsRegardless of the structure of the alkyl groups, the EI mass spectra of cis‐ and trans‐dialkyl 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylates differ very sharply. The stereoselectivity of fragmentation processes is due to the steric proximity of the substituents in the case of cis‐isomers. Elemental composition of all ions appearing in the mass spectra of the analytes under study was confirmed by high‐resolution mass spectrometry. Despite the perceptible differences in the EI mass spectra of the isomers their ionization efficiencies are close.ConclusionsThe possibility of the unambiguous identification of stereoisomeric dialkyl cis and trans 1,4‐cyclohexanedicarboxylates on the basis of their EI mass spectra was shown. The differences in mass spectra of the isomers are due to the conformational rigidity of the considered monocyclic molecules, which ensures the unique stereoselectivity of the elimination of neutral molecules owing to the 1,3‐cis‐diaxial proximity effect.
Next‐generation human‐robot interaction with ChatGPT and robot operating system
Authors: Koubaa Anis , Ammar Adel , Boulila Wadii 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis article presents an innovative concept that harnesses the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to revolutionize human‐robot interaction. This work aims to connect large language models with the Robot Operating System (ROS), the primary development framework for robotics applications. We develop a package for ROS that seamlessly integrates ChatGPT with ROS2‐based robotic systems. The core idea is to leverage prompt engineering with LLMs, utilizing unique properties such as ability eliciting, chain‐of‐thought, and instruction tuning. The concept employs ontology development to convert unstructured natural language commands into structured robotic instructions specific to the application context through prompt engineering. We capitalize on LLMs' zero‐shots and few‐shots learning capabilities by eliciting structured robotic commands from unstructured human language inputs. To demonstrate the feasibility of this concept, we implemented a proof‐of‐concept that integrates ChatGPT with ROS2, showcasing the transformation of human language instructions into spatial navigation commands for a ROS2‐enabled robot. Besides, we quantitatively evaluated this transformation over three use cases (ground robot, unmanned aerial vehicle, and Robotic arm) and five LLMs (LLaMA‐7b, LLaMA2‐7b, LLaMA2‐70b, GPT‐3.5, and GPT‐4) on a set of 3000 natural language commands. Our system serves as a new stride towards Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) and paves the way for the robotics and natural language processing communities to collaborate in creating novel, intuitive human‐robot interactions. The open‐source implementation of our system on ROS 2 is available on GitHub.
A Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Saxagliptin and Avanafil: Application to Pharmacokinetic Drug‐Drug Interaction in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
Authors: Gajula Siva Nageswara Rao , Patil Rashmi Madhukar , Rahman Ziaur , Dandekar Manoj P. , Sonti Rajesh 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTErectile dysfunction is a common complication of type 2 diabetes. The combination of saxagliptin and avanafil can effectively manage both conditions in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, evaluating the potential pharmacokinetic interactions for co‐administration of saxagliptin and avanafil is crucial. Here, we developed a sensitive bioanalytical method for simultaneously quantifying saxagliptin and avanafil in rat plasma using liquid chromatography hyphenated to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. The chromatographic separation of saxagliptin, avanafil, and irbesartan (internal standard) was achieved on an Aquity BEH C18 column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm), using 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile as mobile phase with the gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. Mass detection was carried out using selective reaction monitoring mode, with the product ions for saxagliptin, avanafil, and irbesartan being 180.2, 375.1, and 207.1 m/z, respectively. The developed liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry method was validated as per the US Food and Drug Administration guidelines in rat plasma. The validation findings confirmed the method's robustness and suitability for accurate quantification of saxagliptin and avanafil in rat plasma with the limit of quantification of 1 ng/mL for both the drugs and were linear in the range of 1–2000 ng/mL. The study found no significant pharmacokinetic interaction between saxagliptin and avanafil, suggesting they can be safely co‐administered to patients with type 2 diabetes.
Single‐molecule methods, activation‐induced cytidine deaminase, and quantum mechanical approach to explore and prevent carcinogenesis
Authors: Ullah Asad , Mabood Neelam , Ullah Mujib , Shafi Mohsin , Maqbool Muhammad 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent advancements in single‐molecule methods have not only made it possible to obtain precise measurements for complex biological processes but also to produce simple mathematical models for intricate biochemical mechanisms, which would otherwise be speculative. These developments have strengthened our ability to respond through mathematical modeling to concepts of protein‒protein and protein‒DNA interactions on a nanometer level and address‐related questions. In this article, we examine an intriguing biological phenomenon in which a protein and an enzyme co‐jointly encounter carcinogenic adducts during transcription. We are focusing mainly on the dysregulation of the protein involved and the possible consequences that may arise. By providing a quantum mechanical model, we have demonstrated that the presence of carcinogenic adducts in a transcriptional bubble deregulates the protein that could cause lethal mutations. Next, we present a case study to explore carcinogenesis by suggesting an alternative experimental design. Our quantum mechanical model emphasizes the use of a quantized energies approach for specific mechanisms within the living cells. Radiation‐induced carcinogenicity can be prevented if radiation interacting with tissue is not given the energies that satisfy the quantization conditions.