bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dinámica de la superficie agrícola cultivada en Colombia, 1960-2010
Authors: Restrepo Betancur Fernando , Rodríguez Espinosa Holmes , Medina Sierra Marisol 
Published: March 2017

<p>La inserción de Colombia al mercado global, como consecuencia de la apertura económica ha generado cambios importantes en su economía con efectos en la estructura agraria del país por lo cual es importante conocer la dinámica de comportamiento de la superficie cultivada que permita establecer políticas prospectivas para el desarrollo sectorial. En este sentido el objetivo del estudio fueanalizar la dinámica de la superficie agrícola cultivada en Colombia en el período 1960-2010. Se trabajó con información de (Faostat) que fue analizada utilizando análisis descriptivo exploratorio de tipo unidimensional, análisis comparativos mediante la técnica multivariada de la varianza (Manova), análisis de componentes principales y análisis de correlación método de Spearman. Se encontró una reducción en el área destinada a la agricultura con un incremento del área en ganadería. Se encontró diferencia altamente significativa (p&lt;0.0001) en la superficie cultivada para los principales cultivos. Se detectó diferencia altamente significativa (p&lt;0.0001) en la superficie cultivada para los cultivos evaluados. Algodón, Maíz y Trigo han tenido un decrecimiento notorio en la superficie utilizada, caso contrario al cultivo de hortalizas, frutales, papa, plátano, fríjol y caña de azúcar. El contraste canónico, permitió detectar diferencias entre la década de los 90 respecto a la del 70, 80 y la primera década del siglo XXI. Las políticas públicas implementadas en Colombia han conducido al sector agrario a una reestructuración que ha acrecentado las diferencias entre la agricultura con destino a la agroindustria y la exportación y la agricultura campesina con destino al mercado doméstico.</p>
Diseño de soluciones químicas para la extracción de ácido desoxirribonucleico en productos biotecnológicos
Authors: Núñez Cárdenas Lázaro 
Published: March 2017

<p>Una de las técnicas utilizadas para la identificación de los organismos genéticamente modificados o transgénicos, es la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa. Para ello, se extrae de la muestra de interés, el ácido desoxirribonucleico con calidad amplificable y a concentraciones adecuadas; mediante el empleo de métodos químico-físicos, mecánicos o enzimáticos. Sin embargo, para la obtención de mejores resultados, se realiza la combinación de estos métodos. Tal es el caso del procedimiento basado en el uso del detergente catiónico bromuro de cetil trimetil amonio; ampliamente reportado en literatura temática. Con el objetivo de obtener alternativas al uso de este reactivo, para la extracción de ácido desoxirribonucleico, se diseñaron nuevas variantes; que combinan el uso de sustancias químicas como: Urea, Guanidio, Tween 20, Sarcosil y Dodecil Sulfato de Sodio y se siguieron los procedimientos establecidos para la extracción de ácidos nucleicos según el método CTAB. Al comparar los valores de las concentraciones de ácido nucleico extraído de las muestras de arroz, trigo, maíz, soya, tabaco y plátano, se obtienen concentraciones similares de ácido desoxirribonucleico de calidad amplificable, en los métodos diseñados, respecto al método que emplea Bromuro de cetil trimetil amonio. Sin embargo, al realizar un análisis económico, se determinó que con la aplicación de urea y Dodecil Sulfato de Sodio, se obtiene un ahorro económico del 48.3% en costo de reactivos; equivalente a 0.5 dólar por cada muestra analizada. Estos resultados manifiestan, la posibilidad de emplear métodos alternativos, al CTAB, para la extracción de ácido desoxirribonucleico en matrices complejas. </p>
El lenguaje poético como experiencia de la verdad Lecturas gadameriana y romántica
Authors: Gallego-Arroyave Carlos Andrés 
Published: March 2017

El lenguaje poético tiene una valoración importante dentro de la hermenéutica gadameriana y el temprano romanticismo alemán, dado que les proporciona a estas dos corrientes comprensión, revelación y experiencia de la verdad más real, brindando, además, una constitución y un incremento ontológico que unifique el dualismo separado por la modernidad: hombre-mundo. Por lo tanto, este artículo de reflexión analiza fundamentos estéticos y filosóficos que den pie para hallar una correspondencia entre Gadamer y los románticos, y, a partir de esta correlación, indagar si el arte, y propiamente el lenguaje poético, causa una nueva representación y comprensión de la realidad y una autocomprensión del propio hombre.
Argumentos purgativos: la estrategia argumentativa de los escépticos pirrónicos
Authors: Geovo-Almanza Eduardo 
Published: March 2017

Este escrito se centra en el análisis de las estrategias argumentativas utilizadas por los escépticos pirrónicos, definidas por ellos como purgativas, ya que buscan expulsar las creencias dogmáticas, con la finalidad terapéutica de llevar a la suspensión del juicio y, por ende, a la ataraxia. Se inicia con una breve introducción a la argumentación en Grecia; luego, se muestra la importancia y la radicalidad dela argumentación pirrónica, y se pasa a explicitar las diversas estrategias argumentativas utilizadas por los pirrónicos; se concluye señalando los aspectos problemáticos de dichas estrategias.
Conflicto y progreso en los textos de Kant sobre filosofía de la historia
Authors: Ambriz-Arévalo Gerardo 
Published: March 2017

En el ámbito de la filosofía política contemporánea, el tema del conflicto social ha ido adquiriendo una inédita relevancia. En la actualidad no faltan escritos donde se discute la validez del concepto de Marx sobre la lucha de clases, y no son pocos los que abordan el concepto de lucha por el reconocimiento,elaborado por Hegel en sus primeras obras. Infortunadamente, la gran cantidad de trabajos sobre estos paradigmas han opacado los pocos, y no menos relevantes, que se han hecho sobre el papel que Kant le otorga al conflicto social en su filosofía de la historia. Para no dejar en el olvido a Kant, este artículoofrece un análisis de su concepción del conflicto social, pero centrado en la función que tiene como motor que impulsa el progreso moral de las sociedades, es decir, la idea kantiana de que gracias al antagonismo social (a la insociable sociabilidad) se han ido consolidando y ampliando derechos que, bajo ciertascircunstancias, pueden contribuir a la convivencia respetuosa y pacífica entre individuos y Estados.
Soybean Response to Inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in the United States and Argentina
Authors: Leggett Mary , Diaz‐Zorita Martin , Koivunen Marja , Bowman Roger , Pesek Robert , Stevenson Craig , Leister Todd 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
Soybean seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum enhances grain production.
Greater inoculation response happens in Argentinean sites than in the United States.
Several soil properties and crop management practices are related with the responses to inoculation.
Although the relevance of biological N nutrition of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is recognized worldwide, inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum shows variable results and the benefit needs to be validated under current crop production practices. We conducted statistical analysis of soybean field trial data to provide insight into factors affecting the efficacy of soybean inoculation under contrasting crop production conditions. Most experimental sites, 187 trials in the United States and 152 trials in Argentina, were in soils with soybean history and naturalized B. japonicum strains. Yield increases were greater in Argentina (190 kg ha−1 equivalent to 6.39%) than in the United States (60 kg ha−1 equivalent to 1.67%). Tillage methods did not affect inoculant performance. In the United States, inoculation was more effective in soils with higher pH (>6.8) while in Argentina the greatest inoculation effect on crop production occurred in soils with a lower pH (<5.5). In the United States, where most of the trials were in rotation with corn (Zea mays L), the greatest positive effect of inoculation was observed in late planted soybean crops and independent of soil organic matter (SOM). In Argentina, the inoculant had its greatest effect in soils with no soybean history, a relatively high SOM, higher levels of soil extractable P and S, and in areas with greater precipitation during early reproductive growing stages. In both regions, the yield increases due to B. japonicum inoculation support the regular use of this practice to help provide adequate conditions for soybean production.
Impact of Crop Rotations and Soil Amendments on Long‐Term No‐Tilled Soybean Yield
Authors: Ashworth Amanda J. , Allen Fred L. , Saxton Arnold M. , Tyler Donald D. 
Published: March 2017

Core Ideas
Poultry litter increased yields by 11% across locations and years when compared to wheat cover crops.
Yields in soybean–soybean–corn–cotton rotations during Phase II and corn–corn–soybean–corn during Phase I were greatest.
Incorporating corn once within a 4‐yr cropping cycle resulted in 8% greater yields than continuous soybean.
Continuous cropping systems without cover crops are often perceived as unsustainable for long‐term yields and soil health.
Continuous cropping systems without cover crops are perceived as unsustainable for long‐term yield and soil health. To test this, cropping sequence and cover crop effects on soybean (Glycine max L.) yield were assessed. Main effects were 10 sequences of soybean, corn (Zea mays L.), and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) grown on a Loring silt loam at the Research and Education Center at Milan (RECM), TN, and six cropping sequences of corn and soybean on a Maury silt loam at the Middle Tennessee Research and Education Center (MTREC), Spring Hill, TN. Sequences were repeated in 4‐yr Phases (i.e., I, II, and III) from 2002 to 2013. Split‐block treatments consisted of hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), Austrian winter pea (Pisum sativum L. sativum var. arvense), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), poultry litter, and a fallow control. Continuous soybean yield was equivalent to all rotations (2.6 and 2.7 Mg ha−1, respectively; P = 0.23), however, yield varied per phase (P < 0.001). Specifically, soybean yield in soybean‐soybean‐corn‐cotton during Phase II and corn‐corn‐soybean‐corn during Phase I (4.2 and 4.1 Mg ha−1, respectively) exceeded continuous systems during Phases II and III (P < 0.05). Poultry litter increased yield 11% across locations and years compared to wheat cover crops (P < 0.05). Incorporating corn once within a Phase increased yield 8% relative to continuous soybean, whereas cotton (once or twice) within a rotation had no effect. Consequently, including corn once within a 4‐yr rotation and poultry litter improved soybean yields, albeit no mono‐cropping yield penalties occurred long‐term.
The Political Economy of the Automobile Industry in ASEAN: A Cross-Country Comparison
Authors: Tai Wan-Ping 
Published: March 2017

The automobile industry plays a leading role in a country’s industrialization. Various countries have used different methods to identify a model of industrial development. For developing countries, establishing the automobile industry is crucial for promoting industrialization. After Southeast Asian countries achieved independent, their automobile industries underwent establishment and development stages. The domestic and overseas competiveness of the automobile industries in ASEAN have received global attention.How can the industrial development of Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, which are ASEAN countries, be understood? Researchers have proposed various views regarding the industrial development of these four ASEAN countries. We researched the political economy of these countries to understand the development of their automobile industries. Thailand’s automobile industry was successfully developed because of the government’s crucial role in implementing a coordinated market economy and national system of innovation. In Indonesia, government–business relations hampered the government’s efforts to meet society and market needs, thereby limiting the country’s industrialization. Malaysia must learn how to coordinate its industries with a market economy through liberalization and coordination. The Philippines has positioned its automobile industry on manufacturing automotive parts because of the country’s limited industrialization.Theoretically, following the 1997 Asian financial crisis, these ASEAN countries have adopted market economy-oriented policies; however, because of the historical context of political economy, the development of their automobile industries has varied. Under the context of globalization, the economic systems of various countries have exhibited low convergence. In this study, we show that embedded liberalism is the preferred interpretation in ASEAN automobile industry development. In other words, researchers should look beyond convergence theory and consider the political economy characteristics of various countries. Accordingly, further comparative research must be conducted to clarify the differences in the economic systems and policies in ASEAN studies.
Approaches to augment vascularisation and regeneration of the adult heart via the reactivated epicardium
Authors: Duffey Owen J , Smart Nicola 
Published: March 2017

Survival rates following myocardial infarction have increased in recent years but current treatments for post-infarction recovery are inadequate and cannot induce regeneration of damaged hearts. Regenerative medicine could provide disease-reversing treatments by harnessing modern concepts in cell and developmental biology. A recently-established paradigm in regenerative medicine is that regeneration of a tissue can be achieved by reactivation of the coordinated developmental processes that originally formed the tissue. In the heart, the epicardium has emerged as an important regulator of cardiac development and reactivation of epicardial developmental processes may provide a means to enable cardiac regeneration. Indeed, in adult mouse hearts, treatment with thymosin β4 and other drug-like molecules reactivates the epicardium and improves outcomes after myocardial infarction by inducing regenerative paracrine signalling, neovascularisation and de novo cardiomyocyte production. However, there are considerable limitations to current methods of epicardial reactivation that prevent direct translation into clinical practice. Here, we describe the rationale for targeting the epicardium and the successes and limitations of this approach. We consider how several recent advances in epicardial biology could be used to overcome these limitations. These advances include insight into epicardial signalling and heterogeneity, epicardial modulation of inflammation and epicardial remodelling of extracellular matrix.
Hambatan Kinerja Konselor Menyusui dalam Meningkatkan Cakupan Pemberian ASI Eksklusif di Kota Kupang
Authors: Damanik Riris Yunita , Rahmawati Widya , Dini Soemar 
Published: March 2017

AbstrakProgram penyediaan tenaga konselor menyusui merupakan salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam meningkatkan pemberian ASI Eksklusif 6 bulan. Hingga 5 tahun setelah pelaksanaan program konselor menyusui, cakupan ASI eksklusif di Kota Kupang belum mencapai target standar pelayanan minimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penghambat kinerja konselor menyusui dalam meningkatkan cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif di Kota Kupang. Studi Observasional Deskriptif dengan pendekatan Kualitatif dilakukan di seluruh Puskesmas dalam wilayah kerja Dinas Kesehatan Kota Kupang. Informan penelitian ini adalah konselor ASI (n 17) dan penanggung jawab program gizi dan KIA Dinas Kesehatan Kota Kupang (n 1). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode indepth interview. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hambatan terbesar yang dimiliki konselor menyusui adalah motivasi dalam melaksanakan tugas sebagai konselor. Hal ini disebabkan karena kebutuhan akan dana tambahan yang belum terpenuhi dan kurangnya pengawasan terhadap kegiatan konseling menyusui. Selain itu, sarana dan prasarana yang kurang optimal juga menjadi hambatan konselor menyusui dalam menjalankan tugas konseling menyusui. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, pemberian motivasi, perbaikan sarana prasarana dan monitoring evaluasi secara berkala diperlukan untuk menunjang kegiatan konseling menyusui sehingga dapat membantu menyukseskan program ASI Eksklusif di wilayah Kota Kupang.Kata Kunci : ASI eksklusif, kinerja konselor menyusui, hambatan kinerjaÂ AbstrakProvision of breastfeeding counselor program is one of the government's efforts in promoting 6-month exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). About 5 years after the implementation of the breastfeeding counselor program, EBF coverage in Kupang city did not reach the minimum service of standard goal. This study aims to determine the inhibiting factors of breastfeeding counselorsâ€™ performance in increasing coverage of EBF in Kupang City. Observational study with qualitative descriptive approach was conducted in all health centers in the working area of Kupang City Health Office. Informants of this study were 17 breastfeeding counselors and one keyperson from Kupang City Health Office. The study was conducted by in-depth interview. The results showed that the biggest obstacle is breastfeeding counselorâ€™s low motivation in carrying out duties as a counselor. This is because they need additional funding and get lack of supervision. In addition, the poor infrastructure is also an obstacle to optimize breastfeeding counselor in breastfeeding counseling duties. In conclusion,Â additional motivation, infrastructure and continuing monitoring evaluation were needed to succeed EBF ProgramÂ in Kupang District. Keyword: exclusive breastfeeding, breastfed counselor performance, inhibiting factors
PELATIHAN KIT ALAT FLUIDA BERGERAK UNTUK GURU SMA/MA DI DAERAH ISTIMEWA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Suyoso Suyoso , Subroto Subroto , Istiyono Edi 
Published: March 2017

Tujuan utama dari kegiatan PPM ini adalah 1) untuk meningkatkan motivasi guru dalam menggunakan alat-alat baru sebagai upaya menambah tingkat keluasan pemahaman konsep Fisika khususnya Alat Kit Fluida Bergerak,2) untuk menjalin kerjasama yang sinergi antara dosen, dengan guru fisika di SMA/MA.Tempat pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisika Dasar, Jurusan Pendidikan Fisika, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta. Peserta pelatihan adalah Guru Fiska Madrasah Aliah di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta sejumlah 25 orang. Metode pelatihan adalah penyampaian materi secara klasikal dilanjutkan dengan diskusi, kemudian kegiatan eksperimen secara kelompok dan pembuatan laporan secara mandiri.Hasil kegiatan pelatihan adalah guru sangat senang dan sungguh-sungguh dalam melakukan eksperimen, hal ini menunjukan bahwa motivasi yang tinggi pada guru untuk menambah keluasan pemahaman konsep Fisika khususnya Fluida bergerak. Kata kunci: Kit Alat Eksperimen, Fluida Bergerak
Pelatihan Penyusunan Instrumen Penilaian Keterampilan Menafsirkan Grafik Bagi Guru IPA Tingkat SMP di Sleman, Yogyakarta
Authors: Widodo Eko , Maryanto Allusius , Setyawarno Didik 
Published: March 2017

Pembelajaran IPA sangat menekankan keterampilan proses sains, salah satunya adalah keterampilan mengomunikasikan data percobaan dalam bentuk grafik dan mampu menafsirkan/interpretasi grafik tersebut. Penilaian IPA di beberapa sekolah belum dirasa optimal dalam mengembangkan keterampilan menggambar dan menafsirkan grafik. Tujuan kegiatan program pengabdian (PPM) ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman guru IPA di Sleman Yogyakarta tentang keterampilan proses sains dalam pembelajaran IPA sebagai dasar pengembangan instrumen penilaian berbasis grafik. Kegiatan pelatihan ini diperuntuk bagi guru-guru IPA di Depok, Sleman Yogyakarta. Pelaksanaan dilaksanakan Sabtu, 1 Oktober 2016 di Lab. IPA FMIPA UNY. Pelatihan ini diikuti oleh 16 peserta dari target 26 peserta dari guru-guru IPA SMA di Sleman, Yogyakarta. Kegiatan PPM dilaksanakan dengan cara tutorial (Tatap Muka), workshop, penugasan terstruktur, dan konsultasi tugas. Evaluasi kegiatan PPM dilakukan dengan angket dan penilian tugas yang dikumpulkan. Hasil kegiatan PPM ini adalah guru mampu mengembangkan desain pembelajaran IPA yang mengoptimalkan peranan laboratorium IPA dan mampu menggambar grafik dengan prosedur yang benar dan mampu mengembankan butir soal berbasis grafik. Kata kunci: Keterampilan Proses Sains, instrumen penilaian, grafik.
Why a Medical Career and What are Pros and Cons of medical profession?
Authors: Dhungana Sahadeb Prasad , Paudel M S , Chhetri Bishal Khatri , _ Shamsuddin 
Published: March 2017

Introduction: Medicine is one of the noblest of all professions and is one of the rapidly expanding fields with increasing number of private medical colleges in the past few years. Several international studies over the years have explored perceptions and preferences of students in choosing a career in medicine. This study was done with the objective to assess students' views regarding selection of medicine as a career.

Methods: A survey study was conducted at Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital (LMCTH) where 300 students of both sexes were asked to fill a structured questionnaire.

Results: All medical students mentioned that they selected the medical profession because of personal interest. Of them, 285 (95%) students believed this profession offers services to humanity. However, 240 (80%) students felt that their family had an influence in their career selection. Among discouraging factors, 234 (78%) students mentioned that medical training is difficult and prolonged, 210 (70%) students said that the course is too expensive, 225 (75%) students felt that there is too much competition while 186 (62%) students expressed that doctors have excessive working hours and lack social life. Major factors in choosing LMCTH as study destination were compulsion because of failure to enroll at other colleges 180(60%), easy access to admission 120 (40%), cheaper than other medical colleges 165 (55%) and location near to hometown 24 (8%). Some of the discouraging factors were limited facilities 210 (70%), insufficient faculty members 270 (90%), newly established college and uncertain future 90 (30%).

Conclusion: Study concluded that reasons for joining medical profession are primarily based on personal interest, respect and honor, family influence and service to humanity; however, long working hours, prolonged training, expensive study, discourages many students.
Influence of Soil Properties and Composition, and Applied Hydraulic Pressures on Sample Quality of Pusan Clays
Authors: Konni Ganapathi Rao 
Published: March 2017

Obtaining good quality samples from soft marine clay deposits is a challenge and it is being seen that the sample disturbance is inevitable even though lot of research has suggested using more sophisticated samplers, sampling methods, and special care being taken while handling and transportation of the samples. Hence, author doubt that apart from the above, there could also be other parameters playing critical role on the sample quality. Therefore, in the current study, sampling tube geometry is maintained same, especially angle of cutting edge and area ratio which are found to be key influencing factors and hence its impact on the current study is ignored. In the current study in order to assess the other contributing factors behind the additional sample disturbance, a special attention is given to find out other possible parameters that could also influence the sample quality. As a result of this study, it is found that the soil properties such as; silt and sand content in the soil, clay fraction, hydraulic pressure applied to penetrate the sampler, rigidity index of the soil, initial void ratio, plasticity index, and unit weight of the soil also contribute to sample disturbance. Since these properties, except hydraulic pressure, are soil inherent properties, there is always a certain minimum degree of sample disturbance associated with these soil inherent properties depending on the magnitude of these parameters. Unfortunately, the soil properties cannot be changed and thus a minimum sample disturbance is inevitable.