bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between Dicer 1 polymorphism and expression levels in the etiopathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Eskandari Fatemeh , Teimoori Batool , Rezaei Mahnaz , Mohammadpour‐Gharehbagh Abbas , Narooei‐Nejad Mehrnaz , Mehrabani Mehrnaz , Salimi Saeedeh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy‐specific complication which is a major cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have shown the aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the placenta of patients with PE. Dicer1 is a key enzyme in the generation of small noncoding RNAs including miRNAs. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between maternal and placental Dicer1 rs3742330 polymorphism and placental Dicer1 mRNA expression in PE and normotensive pregnant women. The blood and placenta of PE pregnant and normotensive pregnant women were collected after delivery. Dicer1 rs3742330 polymorphism was genotyped using PCR‐RFLP method. The mRNA expression levels were measured using quantitative real time PCR. The maternal Dicer1 rs3742330 polymorphism was not associated with PE or PE severity; however, the placental Dicer1 rs3742330 AG genotype was associated with two fold higher risk of PE and three fold higher risk of severe PE (P = 0.018 and P = 0.005, respectively). The relative mRNA expression of Dicer1 gene in the placenta did not differ between the two groups. In addition, the relative mRNA expression of Dicer1 gene was significantly lower in the placenta of women with rs3742330 AG+GG genotypes in the total population (P = 0.028) and PE women (P = 0.004), but not in the control group. In conclusion, there was a relationship between placental but not maternal Dicer1 rs3742330 polymorphism and PE. There was no difference in Dicer1 mRNA expression between the PE and control groups; however, it was significantly lower in the placenta of women with rs3742330 AG+GG genotypes.
The extracellular vesicles‐derived from mesenchymal stromal cells: A new therapeutic option in regenerative medicine
Authors: Nooshabadi Vajihe Taghdiri , Mardpour Soura , Yousefi‐Ahmadipour Aliakbar , Allahverdi Amir , Izadpanah Mehrnaz , Daneshimehr Fatemeh , Ai Jafar , Banafshe Hamid R. , Ebrahimi‐Barough Somayeh 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent cells that due to their ability to homing to damaged tissues and differentiate into specialized cells, are remarkable cells in the field of regenerative medicine. It's suggested that the predominant mechanism of MSCs in tissue repair might be related to their paracrine activity. The utilization of MSCs for tissue repair is initially based on the differentiation ability of these cells; however now it has been revealed that only a small fraction of the transplanted MSCs actually fuse and survive in host tissues. Indeed, MSCs supply the microenvironment with the secretion of soluble trophic factors, survival signals and the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosome. Also, the paracrine activity of EVs could mediate the cellular communication to induce cell‐differentiation/self‐renewal. Recent findings suggest that EVs released by MSCs may also be critical in the physiological function of these cells. This review provides an overview of MSC‐derived extracellular vesicles as a hopeful opportunity to advance novel cell‐free therapy strategies that might prevail over the obstacles and risks associated with the use of native or engineered stem cells. EVs are very stable; they can pass the biological barriers without rejection and can shuttle bioactive molecules from one cell to another, causing the exchange of genetic information and reprogramming of the recipient cells. Moreover, extracellular vesicles may provide therapeutic cargo for a wide range of diseases and cancer therapy.
Frontline Science: Structural insights into Resolvin D4 actions and further metabolites via a new total organic synthesis and validation
Authors: Winkler Jeremy W , Libreros Stephania , De La Rosa Xavier , Sansbury Brian E , Norris Paul C , Chiang Nan , Fichtner David , Keyes Gregory S , Wourms Nicholas , Spite Matthew , Serhan Charles N 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Local production and downstream metabolism of specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are pivotal in regulating their biological actions during resolution of inflammation. Resolvin D4 (RvD4: 4S,5R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-6E,8E,10Z,13Z,15E,19Z hexaenoic acid) is one of the more recently elucidated SPMs with complete stereochemistry biosynthesized from docosahexaenoic acid. Here, we report a new multimilligram commercial synthesis that afforded enough material for matching, validation, and further evaluation of RvD4 functions. Using LC-MS-MS profiling, RvD4 was identified at bioactive amounts in human (1 pg/mL) and mouse bone marrow (12 pg/femur and tibia). In mouse bone marrow, ischemia increased the formation of RvD4 &gt; 37-fold (455 pg/femur and tibia). Two separate mouse ischemic injury models were used, where RvD4 reduced second organ reperfusion lung injury &gt; 50%, demonstrating organ protection. Structure–function relationships of RvD4 demonstrated &gt; 40% increase in neutrophil and monocyte phagocytic function in human whole blood in comparison with 2 separate trans-containing double bond isomers that were inactive. These 2 isomers were prepared by organic synthesis: 4S,5R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-6E,8E,10E,13Z,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid (10-trans-RvD4), a natural isomer, and 4S,5R,17S-trihydroxydocosa-6E,8E,10E,13E,15E,19Z-hexaenoic acid (10,13-trans-RvD4), a rogue isomer. Compared to leukotriene B4, D-series resolvins (RvD1, RvD2, RvD3, RvD4, or RvD5) did not stimulate human neutrophil chemotaxis monitored via real-time microfluidics chambers. A novel 17-oxo-containing-RvD4 product of eicosanoid oxidoreductase was identified with human bone marrow cells. Comparison of 17-oxo-RvD4 to RvD4 demonstrated that with human leukocytes 17-oxo-RvD4 was inactive. Together, these provide commercial-scale synthesis that permitted a second independent validation of RvD4 complete stereochemical structure as well as evidence for RvD4 regulation in tissues and its stereoselective phagocyte responses.
Transformation of the gas‐phase favored O‐protomer of p‐aminobenzoic acid to its unfavored N‐protomer by ion activation in the presence of water vapor: An ion‐mobility mass spectrometry study
Authors: Xia Hanxue , Attygalle Athula B. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAn ion‐mobility mass spectrometry study showed that the preferred O‐protonated form of p‐aminobenzoic in the gas phase can be converted to the thermodynamically less favored N‐protomer by in‐source collision‐induced ion activation during the ion transfer process from the atmospheric region to the first vacuum region if the humidity is high in the ion source. Upon the addition of water vapor to the nitrogen gas used to promote the solid analyte to the gas phase under helium‐plasma ionization conditions, the intensity of the ion‐mobility arrival‐time peak for the N‐protomer increased dramatically. Evidently, the ion‐activation process in the first vacuum region is able to provide the energy required to surmount the barrier to isomerize the O‐protomer to the more energetic N‐protomer. The transfer of the proton attached to the carbonyl oxygen atom of the O‐protomer to the amino group takes place by a water‐bridge mechanism. Apparently, the postionization transformations that take place during the transmission of ions from the atmospheric‐pressure ion source to the detector, via different physical compartments of low to high vacuum, play an eminent role in determining the population ratios eventually manifested at the detector.
Increased ceruloplasmin expression caused by infiltrated leukocytes, activated microglia, and astrocytes in injured female rat spinal cords
Authors: Wu Yan , Shen Lin , Wang Rui , Tang Jie , Ding Shu‐Qin , Wang Sai‐Nan , Guo Xue‐Yan , Hu Jian‐Guo , Lü He‐Zuo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCeruloplasmin (Cp), an enzyme containing six copper atoms, has important roles in iron homeostasis and antioxidant defense. After spinal cord injury (SCI), the cellular components in the local microenvironment are very complex and include functional changes of resident cells and the infiltration of leukocytes. It has been confirmed that Cp is elevated primarily in astrocytes and to a lesser extent in macrophages following SCI in mice. However, its expression in other cell types is still not very clear. In this manuscript, we provide a sensible extension of these findings by examining this system within a female Sprague–Dawley rat model and expanding the scope of inquiry to include additional cell types. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis revealed that the Cp mRNA and protein in SCI tissue homogenates were quite consistent with prior publications. However, we observed that Cp was expressed not only in GFAP+ astrocytes (consistent with prior reports) but also in CD11b+ microglia, CNPase+ oligodendrocytes, NeuN+ neurons, CD45+ leukocytes, and CD68+ activated microglia/macrophages. Quantitative analysis proved that infiltrated leukocytes, activated microglia/macrophages, and astrocytes should be the major sources of increased Cp.
Recent trends in wind speed across Saudi Arabia, 1978–2013: a break in the stilling
Authors: Azorin‐Molina Cesar , Rehman Shafiqur , Guijarro Jose A. , McVicar Tim R. , Minola Lorenzo , Chen Deliang , Vicente‐Serrano Sergio M. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTWe analyse recent trends and variability of observed near‐surface wind speed from 19 stations across Saudi Arabia (SA) for 1978–2013. The raw wind speed data set was subject to a robust homogenization protocol, and the stations were then classified under three categories: (1) coast, (2) inland and (3) mountain stations. The results reveal a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction of wind speed of −0.058 m s−1 dec−1 at annual scale across SA, with decreases in winter (−0.100 m s−1 dec−1) and spring (−0.066 m s−1 dec−1) also detected, being non‐significant in summer and autumn. The coast, inland and mountain series showed similar magnitude and significance of the declining trends across all SA series, except for summer when a decoupled variability and opposite trends of wind speed between the coast and inland series (significant declines: −0.101 m s−1 dec−1 and −0.065 m s−1 dec−1, respectively) and the high‐elevation mountain series (significant increase: +0.041 m s−1 dec−1) were observed. Even though wind speed declines dominated across much of the country throughout the year, only a small number of stations showed statistically significant negative trends in summer and autumn. Most interestingly, a break in the stilling was observed in the last 12‐year (2002–2013) period (+0.057 m s−1 dec−1; not significant) compared to the significant slowdown detected in the previous 24‐year (1978–2001) period (−0.089 m s−1 dec−1). This break in the slowdown of winds, even followed by a non‐significant recovery trend, occurred in all seasons (and months) except for some winter months. Atmospheric circulation plays a key role in explaining the variability of winds, with the North Atlantic Oscillation positively affecting the annual wind speed, the Southern Oscillation displaying a significant negative relationship with winds in winter, spring and autumn, and the Eastern Atlantic negatively modulating winds in summer.
Characterization and differentiation of sheep's milk from Greek breeds based on physicochemical parameters, fatty acid composition and volatile profile
Authors: Gatzias Ilias S , Karabagias Ioannis K , Kontakos Stavros P , Kontominas Michael G , Badeka Anastasia V 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBACKGROUNDThere are only limited studies in the literature attempting to differentiate sheep's milk originating from different sheep breeds. In the present study the physicochemical parameters (pH, percent fat, percent protein, percent lactose and percent total solids), fatty acid composition and volatile profile of raw milk from four autochthonous Greek breeds (Karagouniko, Mpoutsiko, Artas and Chios) were determined. The objective of the present study was to characterize and differentiate the sheep breeds based on the above analytical parameters in combination with chemometrics.RESULTSThe overall correct classification rate was 79.7%%, 84.4% and 100% based on physicochemical parameters, fatty acid composition and volatile profile, respectively. Volatiles proved to be the most effective of parameters analyzed for the differentiation of sheep breed. Furthermore, the combination of physicochemical parameters and fatty acid composition gave a correct classification rate equal to 96.9%.CONCLUSIONEither volatile profile or the combination of physicochemical parameters and fatty acid composition may be easily determined and used for the differentiation of sheep's milk from four different Greek breeds, this being the novelty of the present work. This may be very important in terms of PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) and PGI (Protected Geographical Indication) products related to specific geographical origin and sensory characteristics. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Space, function, and vitality in historic areas: The tourismification process and spatial order of Shichahai in Beijing
Authors: Wang Fang , Li Jianing , Yu Fengyao , He Hao , Zhen Feng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the development of historic areas, functions change following socioeconomic transformation. Nowadays, tourism is popular in historic areas. We examined this to understand the internal motivation, spatial logic, and functional transformation of a historic area to sustainably maintain its vitality. For Shichahai in Beijing, the selected study area, space syntax and kernel density analyses were conducted to understand the development vitality and determine the inner order of space and function in tourism development. The results clarified the inertia retained by historic genes to provide vitality in tourism.
Grass and maize vegetation systems restore saline‐sodic soils in the Songnen Plain of northeast China
Authors: Luo Shasha , Tian Lei , Chang Chunling , Wang Shaojie , Zhang Jianfeng , Zhou Xue , Li Xiujun , Tran Lam‐Son Phan , Tian Chunjie 
Published: January 2018

AbstractEstablishment of an appropriate vegetation system for reclamation of saline‐sodic soils requires studies for specific salt‐affected region(s). The phytoremediation of saline‐sodic soils has not been well documented in the Songnen Plain of northeast China. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of grass (G) and maize (Zea maysL.; M) vegetation systems, which were established for 5 years, on soil properties of 10 typical saline‐sodic sampling sites across the Songnen Plain, in comparison with respective nonvegetated areas that were used as controls (CK) for the evaluation of variability among the sampling sites. Physicochemical properties, such as soil moisture, bulk density, porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, aggregate stability, pH, electric conductivity, total salt, organic C, total N, and C/N ratio, were analyzed. G and M vegetation significantly produced a 108% and 153% improvement in soil quality, respectively. Additionally, metagenomic analysis of the soil bacterial community revealed that vegetation enhanced the ability of the bacteria to survive in saline‐sodic soils, relative to the control. The composition of the bacterial community was highly correlated with all of the soil physicochemical properties. G vegetation had better effects than M vegetation in enhancing soil organic C, total N and aggregate stability, whereas M vegetation more favorably adjusted soil pH, physical structure, and bacterial community than G vegetation did. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that M vegetation has a greater impact than G vegetation on repairing saline‐sodic soils in the Songnen Plain of northeast China.
Biophotonics of Native Silk Fibrils
Authors: Shimanovich Ulyana , Pinotsi Dorothea , Shimanovich Klimentiy , Yu Na , Bolisetty Sreenath , Adamcik Jozef , Mezzenga Raffaele , Charmet Jerome , Vollrath Fritz , Gazit Ehud , Dobson Christopher M. , Schierle Gabriele Kaminski , Holland Chris , Kaminski Clemens F. , Knowles Tuomas P. J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractNative silk fibroin (NSF) is a unique biomaterial with extraordinary mechanical and biochemical properties. These key characteristics are directly associated with the physical transformation of unstructured, soluble NSF into highly organized nano‐ and microscale fibrils rich in β‐sheet content. Here, it is shown that this NSF fibrillation process is accompanied by the development of intrinsic fluorescence in the visible range, upon near‐UV excitation, a phenomenon that has not been investigated in detail to date. Here, the optical and fluorescence characteristics of NSF fibrils are probed and a route for potential applications in the field of self‐assembled optically active biomaterials and systems is explored. In particular, it is demonstrated that NSF can be structured into autofluorescent microcapsules with a controllable level of β‐sheet content and fluorescence properties. Furthermore, a facile and efficient fabrication route that permits arbitrary patterns of NSF microcapsules to be deposited on substrates under ambient conditions is shown. The resulting fluorescent NSF patterns display a high level of photostability. These results demonstrate the potential of using native silk as a new class of biocompatible photonic material.
Tox21 Enricher: Web‐based Chemical/Biological Functional Annotation Analysis Tool Based on Tox21 Toxicity Screening Platform
Authors: Hur Junguk , Danes Larson , Hsieh Jui‐Hua , McGregor Brett , Krout Dakota , Auerbach Scott 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe US Toxicology Testing in the 21st Century (Tox21) program was established to develop more efficient and human‐relevant toxicity assessment methods. The Tox21 program screens >10,000 chemicals using quantitative high‐throughput screening (qHTS) of assays that measure effects on toxicity pathways. To date, more than 70 assays have yielded >12 million concentration‐response curves. The patterns of activity across assays can be used to define similarity between chemicals. Assuming chemicals with similar activity profiles have similar toxicological properties, we may infer toxicological properties based on its neighbourhood. One approach to inference is chemical/biological annotation enrichment analysis. Here, we present Tox21 Enricher, a web‐based chemical annotation enrichment tool for the Tox21 toxicity screening platform. Tox21 Enricher identifies over‐represented chemical/biological annotations among lists of chemicals (neighbourhoods), facilitating the identification of the toxicological properties and mechanisms in the chemical set.
A Phytol‐Enriched Diet Activates PPAR‐α in the Liver and Brown Adipose Tissue to Ameliorate Obesity‐Induced Metabolic Abnormalities
Authors: An Ji‐Yeong , Jheng Huei‐Fen , Nagai Hiroyuki , Sanada Kohei , Takahashi Haruya , Iwase Mari , Watanabe Natsumi , Kim Young‐Il , Teraminami Aki , Takahashi Nobuyuki , Nakata Rieko , Inoue Hiroyasu , Seno Shigeto , Mastuda Hideo , Kawada Teruo , Goto Tsuyoshi 
Published: January 2018

ScopePeroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor alpha (PPAR‐α) is a ligand‐activated transcription factor that regulates lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. We investigate the effects of naturally occurring PPAR‐α agonists, phytol, and its metabolite phytanic acid, on obesity‐induced metabolic disorders using a mouse model.Methods and resultsA luciferase reporter assay shows that phytanic acid potently activates PPAR‐α among PPAR subtypes. In high‐fat‐diet‐induced, severely obese mice, a phytol‐enriched diet increases phytanic acid levels in the liver and adipose tissue, where PPAR‐α is abundantly expressed. A phytol‐enriched diet ameliorates severe obesity and the related metabolic abnormalities of white adipose tissue. Moreover, the expression of PPAR‐α target genes in the liver and brown adipose tissue is enhanced by a phytol‐enriched diet, suggesting that phytol and phytanic acid activate PPAR‐α in these organs. We confirm that phytanic acid treatment induced PPAR‐α target gene expression in both primary hepatocytes and brown adipocytes from wild‐type mice, but not in these cells from PPAR‐α‐deficient mice.ConclusionA phytol‐enriched diet may increase phytanic acid levels in the liver and brown adipocytes, thereby activating PPAR‐α in these organs and ameliorating obesity‐induced metabolic diseases.
Dairy Protein Supplementation Modulates the Human Skeletal Muscle microRNA Response to Lower Limb Immobilization
Authors: D'Souza Randall F. , Zeng Nina , Figueiredo Vandre C. , Markworth James F. , Durainayagam Brenan R. , Mitchell Sarah M. , Fanning Aaron C. , Poppitt Sally D. , Cameron‐Smith David , Mitchell Cameron J. 
Published: January 2018

AbstractLimb immobilization results in a rapid loss of muscle size and strength. The resultant alterations in signaling pathways governing myogenesis, catabolism, and mitochondrial biogenesis are likely to include posttranscriptional regulation mediated by altered microRNAs (miRNAs). Given that protein ingestion exerts an anabolic action and may act as a countermeasure to mitigate muscle loss with immobilization, it is important to examine miRNA in this context. The objective of the study is therefore to characterize the vastus lateralis miRNA response to 14 days of disuse in males (45–60 years) randomized to receive supplementation with 20 g d−1 of dairy protein (n = 12) or isocaloric carbohydrate placebo (n = 13). Biopsies are collected before and after a 2‐week immobilization period. Of the 24 miRNAs previously identified in myogenic regulation, seven (miR‐133a, −206, −15a, −451a, −126, −208b, and let‐7e) are increased with immobilization irrespective of group; five (miR‐16, −494, let‐7a, −7c, and 7d) increased only in the carbohydrate group; and eight (miR‐1, −486, −23a, −23b, −26a, −148b, let‐7b, and −7g) are divergently expressed between groups (suppressed with protein). The ability of protein supplementation to differentially regulate miRNAs involved in key muscle regulatory pathways following short‐term limb immobilization reflects potential protective function in mitigating muscle loss during limb immobilization.