bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On some energy‐based variational principles in non‐dissipative magneto‐mechanics using a vector potential approach
Authors: Gebhart Philipp , Wallmersperger Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis contribution covers the variational‐based modeling of non‐dissipative magneto‐mechanical systems using a vector potential approach and the thorough analysis and discussion of corresponding conforming finite element methods. Since the construction of divergence‐free finite element spaces explicitly enforcing the Coulomb gauge poses some major challenges, we propose some primal and mixed variational principles that ensure well posedness of the problem and allow to seek the vector potential in unconstrained function spaces. The performance of these methods is assessed in two comparative benchmark studies. The focus of both studies lies on the accurate approximation of field quantities in systems with material discontinuities and re‐entrant corners.
Macroscopic properties of solid oxide fuel cell electrodes via microstructure‐based numerical homogenization
Authors: Langner Eric , Semenov Artem , Makradi Ahmed , Gouttebroze Sylvain , Belouettar Salim , Wallmersperger Thomas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to climate change, sustainable and energy‐efficient power supply is urgently required. To increase the performance of solid oxide fuel cells, the effects of the microstructure of their porous electrodes need to be studied. Therefore, real tomography images are used to (i) characterize specific geometrical features such as the two‐point correlation function or the tortuosity and (ii) determine the effective conductivities (thermal, ionic, electronic) and the effective permeability. The temperature‐dependent and anisotropic physical properties based on the first‐order homogenization method are described by the dissipation potential. The results can be used in macroscopic fuel cell simulations to bridge the gap between the micro and macro scale and to gain a better understanding of which characteristics of electrode microstructures are favorable for higher efficiency.
Prenatal Diagnosis of Warsaw Breakage Syndrome: Fetal Compound Heterozygous Variants in the DDX11 Gene Associated With Growth Restriction, Cerebral, and Extra‐Cerebral Malformations
Authors: Kratochwila C. , Pomar L. , Lebon S. , Gengler C. , Pavlidou D. C. , Good J.‐M. , Kumps C. , Sichitiu J. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTWarsaw Breakage Syndrome (WABS) is a rare autosomal recessive cohesinopathy characterized by growth retardation and congenital anomalies. This report aims to highlight the prenatal diagnosis of WABS through ultrasound findings and genetic testing. We report a case of prenatal diagnosis of WABS in a 24‐week gestation fetus exhibiting microcephaly, delayed sulcation, short corpus callosum, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and intrahepatic portal‐systemic shunts. The couple had a history of a prior pregnancy termination due to severe intrauterine growth restriction and cerebral malformations. Whole exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous pathogenic variants [NM_030653.4:c.1403dupT, p.(Ser469Valfs*32) and c.1672C>T, p.(Arg558*)] in the DDX11 gene, consistent with WABS. The same pathogenic variants were identified in the prior terminated fetus upon subsequent analysis. Postmortem examination of the proband confirmed the prenatal ultrasound findings. This case expands the understanding of the prenatal phenotypic spectrum of WABS by identifying specific cerebral and extracerebral anomalies associated with pathogenic variants in the DDX11 gene. Incorporating advanced genetic diagnostics like whole exome sequencing into prenatal care provides valuable information for genetic counseling and management of rare genetic disorders.
Integrative physiological and transcriptome analysis unravels the mechanism of low nitrogen use efficiency in burley tobacco
Authors: Feng Yuqing , Zhao Yuanyuan , Ma Yanjun , Chen Xiaolong , Shi Hongzhi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBurley tobacco, a chlorophyll‐deficient mutant with impaired nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), generally requires three to five times more nitrogen fertilization than flue‐cured tobacco to achieve a comparable yield, which generates serious environmental pollution and negatively affects human health. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms underlying NUE is an effective measure to reduce environmental pollution and an essential direction for burley tobacco plant improvement. Physiological and genetic factors affecting tobacco NUE were identified using two tobacco genotypes with contrasting NUE in hydroponic experiments. Nitrogen use inefficient genotype (TN90) had lower nitrogen uptake and transport efficiencies, reduced leaf and root biomass, lower nitrogen assimilation and photosynthesis capacity, and lower nitrogen remobilization ability than the nitrogen use efficient genotype (K326). Transcriptomic analysis revealed that genes associated with photosynthesis, carbon fixation, and nitrogen metabolism are implicated in NUE. Three nitrate transporter genes in the leaves (NPF2.11, NPF2.13, and NPF3.1) and three nitrate transporter genes (NPF6.3, NRT2.1, and NRT2.4) in roots were down‐regulated by nitrogen starvation, all of which showed lower expression in TN90 than in K326. In addition, the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network diagram identified eight key genes (TPIP1, GAPB, HEMB, PGK3, PSBO, PSBP2, PSAG, and GLN2) that may affect NUE. Less advantageous changes in nitrogen uptake, nitrogen assimilation in combination with nitrogen remobilization, and maintenance of photosynthesis in response to nitrogen deficiency led to a lower NUE in TN90. The key genes (TPIP1, GAPB, PGK3, PSBO, PSBP2, PSAG, and GLN2) were associated with improving photosynthesis and nitrogen metabolism in tobacco plants grown under N‐deficient conditions.
Lower grass stomatal conductance under elevated CO2 can decrease transpiration and evapotranspiration rates despite carbon fertilization
Authors: Ahmad Sate , Yiotis Charilaos , Xu Weimu , Knappe Jan , Gill Laurence , McElwain Jennifer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) affects plant physiology. Plant responses to elevated CO2 typically include: (1) enhanced photosynthesis and increased primary productivity due to carbon fertilization and (2) suppression of leaf transpiration due to CO2‐driven decrease in stomatal conductance. The combined effect of these responses on the total plant transpiration and on evapotranspiration (ET) has a wide range of implications on local, regional, and global hydrological cycles, and thus needs to be better understood. Here, we investigated the net effect of CO2‐driven perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) physiological responses on transpiration and evapotranspiration by integrating physiological and hydrological (water budget) methods, under a controlled environment. Measurements of the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, leaf mass per area, aboveground biomass, and water balance components were recorded. Measured variables under elevated CO2 were compared with those of ambient CO2. As expected, our results show that elevated CO2 significantly decreases whole‐plant transpiration rates (38% lower in the final week) which is a result of lower stomatal conductance (57% lower in the final week) despite a slight increase in aboveground biomass. Additionally, there was an overall decline in evapotranspiration (ET) under elevated CO2, indicating the impact of CO2‐mediated suppression of transpiration on the overall water balance. Although studies with larger sample sizes are needed for more robust conclusions, our findings have significant implications for global environmental change. Reductions in ET from ryegrass‐dominated grasslands and pastures could increase soil moisture and groundwater recharge, potentially leading to increased surface runoff and flooding.
Impact of Cold Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on Native and Glycated Collagen
Authors: Zende Ritu , Bharati Ashim J. , Sankaranarayanan Kamatchi 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTCollagen is a major structural protein in the body, providing critical stability to the skin. Recent advancements have highlighted cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) as a versatile tool for various applications, including biomolecule modification, sterilization, food preservation, and wound healing. This study investigates the effects of CAP on both native and glycated collagen, analyzing the resulting changes. SEM and AFM analyses reveal that CAP induces protein self‐assembly in both glycated and non‐glycated collagen. Thioflavin assays further demonstrate that CAP‐treated glycated collagen exhibits greater fluorescence intensity compared to untreated glycated samples, indicating an increase in β‐sheet content and suggesting enhanced self‐assembly. These findings provide insights into the potential applications of CAP in modulating protein structures and understanding various biological processes and diseases.
Ni‐MOF‐74 Derived Carbon‐Based Ni Catalysts for Efficient Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis via Pulsed DBD Plasma
Authors: Song Qinlong , Yin Xianyi , Zhang Haibao 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDesigning efficient noble metal‐free catalysts for plasma‐catalytic ammonia synthesis is significant and challenging. Carbon‐based metal catalysts were prepared at different pyrolysis temperatures using the Ni‐MOF‐74 precursor. The effects of Ni‐MOF‐74 and its derived carbon‐based metal catalysts on pulsed dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma ammonia synthesis were investigated. The results showed that Ni‐MOF‐74‐300 with both the MOF structure and nickel metal particles exhibited the best catalytic performance for ammonia synthesis. The ammonia synthesis rate reached 41.38 mmol g−1 h−1, whereas the nitrogen conversion rate was as high as 1.54% with an energy yield of 3.04 g kWh−1. Compared to the situation of plasma only, the ammonia synthesis rate, nitrogen conversion rate, and energy yield were increased by 28.46 times, 5.7 times, and 5.5 times, respectively.
Phenology of the spruce bark beetle Ips typographus in the UK under past, current and future climate conditions
Authors: Webb Cerian R. , Blake Max , Gilligan Christopher A. 
Published: October 2024

Societal Impact StatementIn 2018, a breeding population of the European spruce bark‐beetle, Ips typographus, was discovered in woodland in southeast England. Ips typographus is a major forest pest in continental Europe; however, despite previous findings at ports and sawmills, this was the first recorded infestation in the UK. The number of generations per year (voltinism) varies with latitude and altitude. Applying a phenological model, we find that the current climate in southern UK could support two generations, while temperature accumulation in parts of Scotland may be insufficient to support one generation. Global warming will increase voltinism and hence the risk of establishment.Summary

The European spruce bark‐beetle, Ips typographus, is a major pest of Norway spruce across mainland Europe; however, until 2018, it was considered absent from the United Kingdom (UK). The finding of a breeding population of I. typographus in Kent, England, in 2018 and subsequent findings in pheromone traps across the southeast of England, has led to an urgent need to improve understanding of environmental suitability across the UK.
Two distinct published phenological models for I. typographus, developed in Sweden and Austria, were adapted for use in the UK and validated against pheromone trap data collected at the original site of infestation and in the surrounding area from 2019 to 2022.
Both models captured some, but not all, of the within‐season variation in trap catches. One, the PHENIPS model, more accurately captured early season flight patterns. The climate in the southeast of England is mild enough to facilitate two generations of the beetle, while further north the pest is expected to be univoltine. At high altitude in Scotland, there is insufficient thermal warming within a season for the completion of one annual generation.
Phenological modelling does not explain why the pest failed to establish in England prior to 2018 including when a large amount of infested material was imported to sawmills in the 1940s. Under 2 and 3°C global warming scenarios, we might expect to see an increase in potential voltinism across the UK in the next few decades, increasing the risk of large outbreaks of I. typographus were it allowed to establish.
Hot node limitations and impact of taxonomic resolution on phylogenetic divergence patterns: A case study on Ecuadorian ethnomedicinal flora
Authors: Atienza‐Barthelemy Darío , Macía Manuel J. , Molina‐Venegas Rafael 
Published: October 2024

SummarySocietal Impact StatementNovel phylogenetic approaches have emerged in recent years to study traditional medicinal plants, aiming to identify potential sources of new drugs. This line of research holds considerable promise yet remains in its early stages. Here, we examine the prevalent methods employed in the field, revealing the impact of methodological choices that have often been made arbitrarily. We also highlight a widespread misconception regarding ‘hot node analysis’, a tool gaining popularity for identifying plants with high bioactive potential. Our findings should advance future research aimed at guiding the selection of promising candidates for bioprospection.Summary
Advances in phylogenetics offer a ground‐breaking approach to analysing ethnobotanical data. This line of research typically involves calculating the degree of phylogenetic clustering (i.e. phylogenetic divergence) of a set of medicinal plants and identifying clades with a significant overabundance of these plants, known as hot nodes, which are purportedly responsible for the clustering patterns. However, despite showing great promise, the adequacy of this procedure remains to be tested, and the results have so far been inconclusive and, at times, contradictory.
Here, we examine two key elements through a case study of Ecuadorian medicinal flora: the impact of taxonomic resolution (species‐ and genus‐level data) on phylogenetic divergence metrics (Mean Pairwise Distance; MPD, and Mean Nearest Taxon Distance; MNTD), and the efficacy of the hot node analysis in identifying clades that significantly influence these metrics. To identify clades with a significant impact on MPD and MNTD, we implemented a jackknifing procedure and compared outcomes with the hot nodes.
Phylogenetic divergence was strongly dependent on the taxonomic resolution, with clustering mainly revealed by MPD at the genus level. Further, the hot nodes incompletely matched those with significant influence on MPD and MNTD according to the jackknifing analysis.
We highlight the impact of taxonomic resolution on commonly used phylogenetic divergence metrics and the limitations of hot nodes in identifying influential clades, stressing the potential of alternative jackknifing techniques. We recommend the use of the most resolved tree possible and combining jackknifing with hot node analyses as complementary sources to pinpoint clades for bioprospection.
Pulmonary Pasteurella multocida infection with tree‐in‐bud appearance
Authors: Tokuyasu Hirokazu , Arai Katsunori , Sueda Yuriko , Sakai Hiromitsu , Yamasaki Akira 
Published: October 2024

Key messageHere, we report a case of zoonosis pulmonary Pasteurella multocida infection with a tree‐in‐bud appearance. In cases showing a tree‐in‐bud appearance on chest CT images, pulmonary P. multocida infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis, especially in patients with pets.
Autonomous Positioning for Mobile Vehicles Based on Visual‐Inertial Fusion in Challenging Dark Roadway Scenes
Authors: Cui Yuming , Pu Jiajun , Hu Ningning , Guo Yongbo , Zhou Yanxun , Liu Songyong 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAccurate positioning for autonomous driven underground mining vehicles (UMVs) and coal mine robots (CMRs) is indeed one of the cores in the intelligentization of coal mining. Completely different from positioning on the ground and in parking scenes, there will be great difficulties in realizing the accurate active positioning for UMVs shuttled in dark and narrow roadways. We propose an effective visual and inertial fusion positioning method for autonomous CMRs and roadheaders in challenging roadway scenarios based on the odometer‐aided inertial navigation system and visual pose estimation system. Velocity information of the odometer is adapted to restrain the error accumulation of inertial positioning based on a Kalman filter. The hybrid visual feature detection algorithm is put forward to improve the accuracy and robustness of visual observation information in a dark environment. Autonomous experiments for CMRs and roadheaders are separately performed in the narrow roadway and dark passageway to demonstrate the applicability of our localization method. The proposed approach outperforms the subsystems and existing methods in accuracy and has outstanding stability.
Dynamic Random Intersection Graph: Dynamic Local Convergence and Giant Structure
Authors: Milewska Marta , van der Hofstad Remco , Zwart Bert 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRandom intersection graphs containing an underlying community structure are a popular choice for modeling real‐world networks. Given the group memberships, the classical random intersection graph is obtained by connecting individuals when they share at least one group. We extend this approach and make the communities dynamic by letting them alternate between an active and inactive phase. We analyse the new model, delivering results on degree distribution, local convergence, largest connected component, and maximum group size, paying particular attention to the dynamic description of these properties. We also describe the connection between our model and the bipartite configuration model, which is of independent interest.
Aerobic Oxidation of Vanillyl Alcohol to Vanillin Over CeO2‐Co3O4 Catalyst
Authors: Manojkumar Palnati , Yogendra Kamma , Sai Megana V. , Nazeer Silligandla , Sitaramulu Palli , Chandrashekar Pendem , Reddy Benjaram M. , Venkateshwar Rao Tumula 
Published: October 2024

AbstractA promising CeO2‐Co3O4 (9 : 1 mole ratio based on oxides) non‐noble metal based mixed oxide catalyst was explored for selective oxidation of vanillyl alcohol with molecular oxygen to produce vanillin under atmosphere pressure. In particular, to enhance its efficiency, this catalyst was prepared by adopting different preparation methods namely, template assisted, coprecipitation with and without surfactant, wet‐impregnation, and solution combustion. The prepared catalysts were characterized by XRD, Raman, BET surface area, ICP‐OES, FE‐SEM, HR‐TEM, H2‐TPR, and XPS. Among various catalysts investigated, the template assisted synthesized catalyst exhibited superior activity (100 % conversion and selectivity) and high stability. The better activity of this catalyst was found to be due to reduced crystallite size, high specific surface area (92 m2/g), more surface oxygen, and improved redox behaviour as confirmed from XRD, BET surface area, XPS, and H2‐TPR analysis, respectively. The stability of the catalyst was tested by reusability test and was observed that there is not much decrease in the catalytic activity up to five cycles. Further, the catalytic activity was optimized by varying the reaction parameters such as time, solvent, temperature, and catalyst weight.
Development of β‐Carboline‐Coumarin Based Hybrids as Potential Cytotoxic and Topoisomerase IIα Inhibitors
Authors: Khan Mursalim A. , Sharma Anamika , Bora Darshana , Sindhuja Rachiraju H. , Gawali Rakhi , Nagesh Narayana , Shankaraiah Nagula 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCancer remains a global health concern, prompting extensive efforts to develop novel inhibitors targeting the enzyme topoisomerase IIα as potential anti‐cancer agents. Herein, we strategically combined the pharmacophores from natural (β‐carboline) and (coumarin) sources, diversifying them at two distinct points. The in vitro evaluation of cytotoxic properties were estimated on human cancer cell lines, reveals that among the tested compounds, 13 r (isopropyl‐substituted β‐carboline) exhibited remarkable potency with IC50 value of 4.37 μM in the HCT116 cell line. Its selectivity for cancer cells was validated against normal keratinocyte cells, establishing a favourable selectivity index. Further, SAR studies indicate that no substitution (13 r) at C‐6 and C‐7 of β‐carboline, enhance anticancer activity. Assays confirmed its ability to intercalate with DNA, inhibit topoisomerase IIα, induce apoptosis, and disrupt mitochondrial membrane potential in HCT116 cells. Flow cytometric assays gauged the induction of apoptosis using Annexin‐V/PI dual staining and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential through JC staining. Results demonstrated that compound 13 r induced apoptosis and dose‐dependent depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in HCT116 cells. Molecular docking studies further validated that compound 13 r binds within the active site of DNA when complexed with topo IIα, and this binding was stabilized through interactions with DNA base pairs and amino acid residues.
Solanum dulcamara Fruit Extract: A Promising Natural Therapy for Diabetes Management?
Authors: Gadewar Manoj M. , Krishna Prashanth Gopala , Rao Srilatha , Lalithamba H. S. , Bhagya N. P. , Nagarajaiah Shobha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe study aimed to investigate the therapeutic efficacy of S. dulcamara extract (SDE) in managing type II diabetes‐related parameters, including blood glucose levels, α‐amylase activity, and modulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, CAT). Diabetes was induced in rats using streptozocin, and the anti‐diabetics effect was evaluated by the administration of S. dulcamara extract at different doses. Blood glucose levels, α‐amylase activity, and endogenous antioxidants were estimated and found to be significant (P<0.05) in the rats treated with the extract of S. dulcamara at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The extract showed dose‐dependent inhibition of α‐amylase suggesting the potential benefits in glycemic control. Moreover, the study demonstrated a modulation in the activity of endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, CAT). Importantly, the fruit extract showed no significant hemolysis or acute toxicity at varying concentrations (12.5 and 25 mg/mL) indicating the safe and biocompatible nature, as confirmed by normal biochemical parameters and histopathological examination. In conclusion, the methanolic fruit extract of S. dulcamara shows significant anti‐diabetic activity by alleviating oxidative stress associated with type II diabetes and its complications.