bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Czech gamblers view on luck as the cause of uncontrollable events
Authors: Dlhosova T. , Kundt R. 
Published: June 2017

The belief in deterministic luck is considered to be one of the factors contributing to maintenance of gambling behavior. This belief was found to be stronger during the gamble situation in problematic gamblers than non-problematic. The present study deals with the difference in luck attribution between the Czech gamblers and the control group. The main goal was to find out whether the difference between belief in luck is also present in non-gamble situation. A questionnaire containing the Belief in luck and luckiness scale and 14 stories of uncontrollable events was administered to 30 pathological gamblers and 30 matched participant (by age, education, gender and nationality), who did not play any hazard games regularly. In uncontrollable events participants chose from non-material causes (luck, chance, god, destiny) one they believed to be the best fit. Results have shown a statistically significant difference between gamblers and control group in the way of attributing the causes. Control group has chosen significantly more “chance” option meanwhile gamblers opted for luck, God and destiny. There was no statistically significant difference in explicitly formulated belief in luck. It seems that the stronger casual attribution of luck, god and destiny in pathological gamblers compared to non-gamblers are not restricted only to gaming situations. Rather we can find it in other uncontrollable events as well. The absence of the difference between patients and control group in explicit belief in luck measured by questionnaire could be pointing to the stronger effect of the treatment for explicit belief than for more subtle causal attributing.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Impact of hepatitis B (HBV)/C (HCV) virus co-infection on the survival of schizophrenic patients with co-occurring substance use disorders followed for 12 years
Authors: Gimelfarb Y. , D”r Wolf A. , Ben Tzarfati M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThere is no evidence on influence of HBV/HCV co-infection on survival characteristics in population with dual disorders.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of HBV/HCV co-infection on the long-term survival of schizophrenic patients with co-occurring substance use disorders.MethodsCharts of 223 subjects admitted from January 1, 2002 to May 31, 2006 were assessed. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was used to estimate the cumulative survival rates. The association between HBV/HCV and mortality was estimated using the Cox proportional-hazard regression models, with adjustments for potential confounders. The main outcome was all-cause mortality. Median observation time was 10.3 years.ResultsTotal all-cause 11 year, unadjusted mortality was 18.0% in population with no viral hepatitis (VH) infection (n = 185; 83.0%), 66.7% in population with HBV monoinfection (n = 3; 1.3%), 50.0% in population with HCV monoinfection (n = 28; 12.6%), and 64.3% in population with HBV/HCV co-infection (n = 7; 3.1%), P < 0.00001. In Cox regression, the adjusted hazard ratio was 4.22 (95% CI: 1.00–18.63; P < 0.05) for the HBV, 4.24 (95% CI: 2.13–8.47; P < 0.00001) for the HCV, 6.18 (95% CI: 2.01–19.01; P < 0.0015) for the HBV/HCV, all vs. no VH-infection.ConclusionsThe high mortality of schizophrenic dual disorders patients with HBV/HCV necessitates new approaches to secondary and tertiary prevention to reduce the burden of chronic liver disease and to improve survival. The strong adverse effect of HBV/HCV on survival should encourage clinical trials including schizophrenic dual disorders patients on whether patients benefit from treatment choices. It is essential that adequate resources and strategies are targeted to the schizophrenic dual disorders patients with HBV/HCV.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
European Federation of Psychiatric Trainees Exchange: Benefits to trainees and organisations
Authors: Rebowska A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDuring my time in Gothenburg, I have spent my first week with the team on the emergency inpatient ward. During my second week in Sweden, I have visited inpatient assessment unit where in depth psychological and psychiatric evaluations can be conducted. My final day was spend in a secure state institution providing accommodation and care to young people at risk of absconding or presenting with challenging behaviours.What did I learnThrough the participation in the program I was able to gain first-hand experience of different models of healthcare delivery and I intend to implement some of the positive ideas into the services in the UK. Similarly, I hope that the host organisation may benefit from hearing how care is provided in the UK.During my trip to Sweden, it was the first time I had an opportunity to deliver a presentation to an international audience. This highlighted new challenges such as language barrier and lack of familiarity with jargon, systems and practices that we take for granted within the NHS. I have learnt from the experience and I have now a better idea how to improve my presentations in the future. I have gained a lot of confidence in my presentation skills by speaking in front of a large audience of clinicians that I have not met before.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Do Not be Afraid: Novel Approaches to the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders
Authors: Carvalhão Gil L. , Lázaro M. , Ponte A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAnxiety disorders (AD) are associated with significant morbidity and often are chronic and resistant to the treatment. A fascinating aspect of AD is the interplay of genetic and experiential factors. It is stablished that abnormal genes predispose to pathological anxiety states; however evidence clearly indicates that traumatic life events and stress are also etiologically relevant. The behavioral theories of anxiety postulates that anxiety is a conditioned response to a specific environmental stimulus. There may be two ways to neutralize fear conditioning either by facilitating a process called extinction or by blocking a process called reconsolidation.ObjectivesReview novel approaches to the treatment of AD.AimsTo update on treatment for AD.MethodsA literature search was performed on PubMed database.ResultsCognitive behavioral therapies use exposure techniques, in which the patient has to confront the fear-inducing stimuli in a safe environment in order to facilitate the fear extinction. The therapy is often context-specific, so one way of strengthen extinction learning is by boosting NMDA receptor activation, either with direct acting agonists (D-cycloserine) or with indirect glycine enhancing agents (selective glycine reuptake inhibitors). Memory reconsolidation is based on the notion that memories are dynamic rather than stable. Reactivation of a memory can return it to a labile state from which it must be reconsolidated. Blocking reconsolidation is a therapeutic opportunity of update and alter the memory, weakening traumatic memories. Beta-blockers and opioids may disrupt this process.ConclusionsPsychotherapy and psychopharmacology may have a synergistic role in AD treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prefrontal Theta Cordance in the Prediction of Antidepressant Response to Various Classes of Antidepressants in Patients with Depressive Disorder
Authors: Bares M. , Novak T. , Brunovsky M. , Hejzlar M. 
Published: June 2017

Introduction and objectivesPrevious studies demonstrated efficacy of reduction of QEEG prefrontal theta cordance (RC) after the first week of treatment in the prediction of antidepressant response.AimsThe study aimed to compare the ability of RC in the prediction of response to various antidepressant classes.MethodsAll patients (n = 142) were treated with antidepressants (SSRI-58, SNRI-47, NDRI-22, NaSSA-15) for ≥ 4 weeks. Response was defined as MADRS reduction ≥ 50%. EEG were performed at baseline and week 1 of treatment and cordance was calculated for 3 prefrontal electrodes (Fp1, Fp2, Fz).ResultsLogistic regression identified RC as a predictor of response to SSRI, SNRI and NDRI but not for NaSSA. Predictive parameters of RC for response to mentioned antidepressant classes are displayed in the Table 1.Areas under curves of ROC analysis (AUC) of RC for response prediction were not significantly different among antidepressant classes.ConclusionThe predictive efficacy of RC for response to SSRI, SNRI and NDRI was comparable.This study was supported by the grants of MH CZ nr.15-29900A, MH CZ – DRO (NIMH-CZ, 00023752) and by the project Nr. LO1611 from the MEYS under the NPU I program.
Maternal Depressive Symptom Trajectories and Psychosocial Functioning in Young Adults: A 27-year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Luoma I. , Korhonen M. , Salmelin R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionMaternal depression is a well-known risk factor for child development. Longitudinal studies extending from pregnancy to adulthood, however, are rare.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate whether maternal high depressive symptom trajectories (chronic or intermittent depressive symptom patterns) from pregnancy to the adolescence of the children predict lower adaptive functioning or higher levels of emotional or behavioural symptoms in young adults.MethodsThe sample comprised 329 first-time mothers from maternity centres in Tampere, Finland. Maternal depressive symptoms were assessed with the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) antenatally and at two months, six months, 4–5 years, 8–9 years and 16–17 years after delivery. A model including four symptom trajectories (very low, low-stable, high-stable and intermittent) was selected to describe the symptom patterns over time. Adaptive functioning and problems of the children (n = 144) were assessed by the Adult Self Report forms (Achenbach & Rescorla) at the age of 27 years.ResultsHigh maternal depressive symptom trajectories did not predict self-reported lower adaptive functioning of the children in adulthood. However, children of mothers with chronic or intermittent depressive symptom patterns reported higher levels of internalising problems as well as symptoms of depression and anxiety in young adulthood than the children of mothers with very low or low stable symptom patterns.ConclusionsHigh maternal depressive symptom trajectories predict higher levels of emotional symptoms of children in young adulthood. The mechanisms of intergenerational transmission are important topics for further research.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Structured risk Assessment: Aggression and Safety in Ambulatory Emergency Service
Authors: Arts M. , Sanderse-Besselink P. , Terburg H. , Van De Sande R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDiscussing the threat of aggression is not always at the forefront in ambulatory care providers. A structured risk analysis model for ambulatory emergency psychiatry is currently not available, while aggression does occur regularly.Objectives and aimsThe aim of this study is to evaluate the added value of a risk analysis model and implement the best available model in emergency outpatient practice.MethodsThe study design is a mixed method model. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered by nurses and psychiatrists. A benchmark study took place at an outpatient emergency service in South Netherlands. A literature search was performed using PubMed and CINAHL for the period 2000–2014.ResultsFrom this research, we found a discrepancy between the perception and the actual occurred aggression. Care workers often do not discuss aggression related issues, however, case studies show that aggression does occur frequently. In literature studies we have found several risk assessment models, most of which are used within the inpatient psychiatry.ConclusionTo avert aggression incidents and prevent recurrence, it is important to maintain a solid risk analysis model. Introducing a checklist risk crisis service (CRC) can promote a critical reflection on the threat of aggression and bring awareness on the theme of aggression. Implementation of a CRC in daily practice can be of great value.
Incidence of Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB) Abuse and Dependence in a Rural Crisis Resolution Team in the Netherlands
Authors: Michielsen P. , Propadalo L. , Arts M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionGHB abuse and dependence are common in the Western region of Northern Brabant, a rural region in the south of the Netherlands.AimThe main goal is to look at the incidence and management of GHB abuse and dependence seen by the CRT in a rural area.MethodThis is a retrospective data analysis based on patient files of all assessments of the Western Northern Brabant crisis resolution team (CRT) from 2013 till 2015. Inclusion criterion was current or recent (<24 hours) use of GHB with or without alcohol and other drugs. Several parameters were studied: frequency, duration and dose of GHB use, reason for referral and treatment/policy, which is used (admission, prescribed medication).ResultsOn a total of 4093 cases 50 persons were included. It shows that the percentage over the years has remained about the same (resp. 1.13%, 1.54% and 1.02%). Of all cases 41.5% used GHB only, 39.6% also used other drugs, and 9.4% GHB with alcohol and other drugs. During the assessment in the emergency department 37.7% was treated with a benzodiazepine, while 43.4% received no psychotropic medication.ConclusionGHB abuse and dependence are not commonly seen in the CRT, but the withdrawal symptoms can be challenging and GHB withdrawal is often accompanied by aggressive outbursts. Therefore, it is very important to make a decision whether outpatient or inpatient treatment is necessary and if psychotropic medication is needed.
Addiction and Violence Among People with Severe Mental Illnesses: An Updated Literature Review
Authors: Khemiri I. , Fekih Romdhane F. , Belkhiria A. , Lamia J. , Trabelsi R. , Ghazeli I. , Ridha R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionViolence has important relevance for the criminal justice and health care systems especially forensic psychiatry. Previous studies reported the relation between violence, mental illness and substance abuse. We purpose to investigate the association between addiction and violence among people with severe mental illness through a review of literature.Methodwe conducted a Medline and Pubmed literature search of studies published between “2000 and 2015”, combining the terms “psychotic disorders”, “addiction” “substance use disorder”.ResultsThe studies published showed that much of the excessive violence observed in patients with severe psychiatric disorders is due to co-morbid substance use. Increasing violence associated with substance use disorders in these patients had same level than that observed among subjects without severe psychiatric disorders. Increasing violence in subjects with substance use disorder but without severe mental disorders was higher than in patients with only severe mental disorders. In fact, mental disorders could increase the risk of installing on substance use disorders, and therefore increase the risk of partner violence. Among the substances used, if alcohol is frequently identified as a consumer risk for the emergence of violence among subjects with severe psychiatric disorders, stimulants could be causing more violence than alcohol.ConclusionsSevere mental illnesses are associated with violence. However, most of the excess risk appears to be mediated by substance abuse co-morbidity. This finding improves the need of prevention of substance use disorders and emphasizes the fact that patients with severe mental disorders are more often victims than perpetrators of violence.
Do Mood Stabilizers Help in Borderline Personality Disorder?
Authors: Völlm B. , Stoffers-Winterling J. , Mattivi J. , Simonson E. , Storebø O.J. , Nielsen S. , Kielsholm M.L. , Lieb K. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundDespite the relatively weak evidence base, individuals with borderline personality disorder are often treated with pharmacological interventions. Amongst the drugs, which have shown most promise, are mood stabilizers, which were one of the two drug classes with the most beneficial effects in a previous cochrane review though the robustness of findings was described as low (Stoffers et al., 2010). Here we present data on the latest evidence for mood stabilizers based on an updated cochrane review currently underway.MethodsA systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. All randomized comparisons of drug vs. placebo, drug vs. drug, or drug vs. a combination of drugs in adult BPD patients were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes comprised BPD core pathology as depicted by DSM criteria, associated pathology, i.e., depression and anxiety, general measures of overall psychopathology severity, tolerability, and adverse effects. Two researchers selected trials, assessed quality and extracted data independently.ResultsOnly a limited number of additional trials using mood stabilizers was identified since the publication of the last cochrane review, mainly utilizing Sodium Valproate. This added to the evidence base for mood stabilizers though the overall evidence remains very limited.ConclusionMood stabilizers show some initial evidence for their effectiveness in borderline personality disorder. However, these have to be replicated before wider conclusions can be drawn for clinical practice.Disclosure of interestThe authors declare that they have no competing interest.
Psychiatric Symptomatology as the Initial Presentation of Brain Cancer
Authors: Fornelos A. , Macedo P. , Figueiredo A. , Roque M. 
Published: June 2017

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common primary adult brain tumor. Clinically, non-specific psychiatric symptoms may arise as their first and only manifestation, prior to any neurological deficits. The most form of psychiatric presentation of neurological diseases are depressive complaints, although these may also be accompanied by behavioral and/or cognitive, anxious and psychotic symptoms. By explaining this case report we aim to emphasize the importance of considering the diagnosis of an organic brain disease, even when only primary psychiatric symptoms are evident. The bibliographic research was made using PubMed and Scielo, and analysis of the electronic patient process. Man of 68 years with a history of hypertension, nephrectomy, splenectomy and left brachial plegia after a car accident. He had been previously seen by a psychiatrist for a 6-month history of depressive symptoms, which had been successfully treated. He later developed new behavioral changes such as heteroaggressiveness, social maladjustment and disfasia, for which he was sent to the emergency room. Brain-CT scan displayed a left front temporal expansive injury. Admitted to the Neurology Department for further diagnostic investigation. Subsequent MRI, detected massive infiltrative lesion with significant mass effect and cystic/necrotic area. The anatomopathology disclosed a glioblastoma grade IV. This case reinforces the importance of carrying a imagiologic workup in cases like this, especially on patients with atypical presentation of psychiatric symptoms.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Differential Effects of MGluR5 Receptor Blockade on Behavior, Schizophrenia-relevant Gene Expression and Neuronal Activation Patterns from Development to Aging Mice
Authors: Gass P. , Inta D. , Luoni A. , Riva M.A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe glutamate system is implicated both in mood disorders and schizophrenia. Mice lacking metabotropic mGlu5 receptors (mGluR5 KO) display schizophrenia-like abnormalities. Additionally, mGluR5 antagonists represent promising alternative anxiolytics/antidepressants. However, the underlying age-specific molecular/cellular mechanisms are only partially understood.ObjectivesWe aimed at identifying molecular alterations associated with a genetically induced mGluR5 deletion, which results in a schizophrenia-like phenotype. Additionally, we investigated age-specific effects of mGluR5 antagonists on emotional behaviour and c-fos activation.MethodsFor analysis of mRNA and protein levels we performed Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot investigations of brains from mGluR5 KO and wild-type mice. Additionally we used classical behavioral tests for determining anxiety- and depression-like changes triggered by the mGluR5 antagonist 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP). Finally, we used profiling of c-Fos expression, as marker of neuronal activity, induced by MPEP from postnatal day 16 (P16) to adulthood (P90).ResultsWe found reduced expression levels of reelin, GAD65, GAD67, parvalbumin, as well as NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in mGluR5 KO mice, especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We measured age-specific alterations in emotional behaviour of mGluR5 KO mice, with marked increase of anxiety during aging. There was a remarkably conserved activation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, implicated in stress regulation, by MPEP at all investigated ages, whereas the extended amygdala was specifically activated in adulthood only.ConclusionsOur animal data provide new insights into the potential role of mGluR5 in neurochemical and behavioural changes associated with schizophrenia and mood disorders during the lifespan.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
True and variable response inconsistency as indicators of psychological distress in the normative sample and mental disorders
Authors: Rasskazova E. , Spivakovskaya A. , Tkhostov A. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionDespite a long psychological discussion on the inconsistency and fragmentation in self-appraisals as factors of neuroses and personality disorders (Horney, 1991, Lynch, 2014) classical psychodiagnostic considers response inconsistency as an indicator of protocol invalidity only.ObjectivesUsing MMPI-2 True and Variable Response Inconsistency scales (TRIN, VRIN), we suggest that the inconsistency (within normative range) is related to poorer psychological well-being in the normative sample and is higher in affective disorders.AimTo study the relationship between response inconsistency and psychological well-being.MethodsIn total, 1443 healthy controls and 190 patients with mental illnesses (50 with affective disorders, 21 with addictions, 73 with schizophrenia and schizotypal disorder, 46 with adjustment disorder) who scored within normative range on all the validity scales of the Russian version of MMPI-2 participated in the study.ResultsIn the normative sample, TRIN and VRIN correlated with social and emotional alienation as well as conative lack of ego mastery (r = .27–.33) and were higher in affective disorders (P < .05) and in patients having symptoms of personality disorders (as appraised by their doctors). In patients with affective disorders and adjustment disorders, they were related to higher likelihood of invalidity due to mental illness.ConclusionsResponse incoherence within normative range is a sign of poorer well-being in the normative sample (in the form of fatigue, apathy, feelings of excessive strain, lack of understanding from others and injustice). In line with psychological theories of self-fragmentation, incoherence is related to affective disorders (and poorer adjustment to them) and symptoms of personality disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.