bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terrace formation in the upper Bengal basin since the Middle Pleistocene: Brahmaputra fan delta construction during multiple highstands
Authors: Pickering Jennifer L. , Goodbred Steven L. , Beam Jeremiah C. , Ayers John C. , Covey Aaron K. , Rajapara Haresh M. , Singhvi Ashok K. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFloodplains, paleosols, and antecedent landforms near the apex of the Brahmaputra fan delta in north‐central Bangladesh preserve cycles of fluvial sediment deposition, erosion and weathering. Together these landforms and their associated deposits comprise morphostratigraphic units that define the river's history and have influenced its channel position and avulsion behaviour through the Late Quaternary. Previously, temporal differentiation within these units has not been sufficient to decipher their sequence of deposition, an important step in understanding the spatial pattern of migration of the Brahmaputra River. Holocene units in this region are fairly well established by radiocarbon dating ofin situorganic material, but pre‐Holocene units are considered Pleistocene‐aged if organic material is dated >48 000 yearBP(the limit of radiocarbon dating) or the sediments are positioned beneath a prominent paleosol, interpreted as a buried soil horizon that developed during a previous sea level lowstand. In such cases, these morphostratigraphic units have been broadly interpreted as Pleistocene without knowing their absolute depositional ages or relative evolutionary chronology. Here we use detailed sediment analysis to better differentiate morphostratigraphic units at the Brahmaputra's avulsion node, establishing the sequence of deposition and subsequent weathering of these bodies. We then test this relative chronology by luminescence dating of the sands beneath these landform surfaces. This work provides the first absolute depositional age constraints of terrace sediments for the Middle to Late Pleistocene Brahmaputra River and upper Bengal basin. The luminescence ages are complemented by detailed compositional trends in the terrace deposits, including clay mineralogy and the degree of weathering. Together, these newly dated and carefully described morphostratigraphic units reflect eustasy‐driven cycles of terrace development by way of highstand floodplain deposition and subsequent lowstand exposure and weathering, along with active tectonic deformation. Defining this Late Quaternary history of terrace development and position of the Brahmaputra River is a first step toward an integrated understanding of basin and delta evolution over multiple glacioeustatic cycles and tectonically relevant timescales.
Risk factors for radiation‐induced optic neuropathy: a case–control study
Authors: Ferguson Ian , Huecker Julie , Huang Jiayi , McClelland Collin , Van Stavern Gregory 
Published: February 2017

AbstractImportanceIdentifying risk factors for radiation‐induced optic neuropathy (RION) could promote a more conservative approach to radiation treatment planning in vulnerable patients.BackgroundThis study explored possible factors beyond radiation dose associated with the development of RION after external beam radiation therapy.DesignThis was a retrospective case–control study conducted at a university hospital tertiary care center.ParticipantsCases (n = 14) meeting criteria for a diagnosis of RION by neuro‐ophthalmologic exam were identified from a single‐centre neuro‐ophthalmology database. Controls (n = 31) without RION were selected from a single‐centre radiation oncology database.MethodsControls were matched to cases based upon maximum radiation dose to the optic apparatus. Patient characteristics and treatment parameters were interrogated by univariate analysis for attributes predisposing to RION.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary parameter was a significant association of patient characteristics or treatment parameters with RION.ResultsControlling for radiation dosage, no significant associations for alternative risk factors were identified.Conclusions and RelevanceThese results support the literature suggesting that the primary risk factor for developing RION is radiation dosage and that additional patient‐related and tumour‐related risk factors may play only a minor role.
Sacral nerve stimulation can alleviate symptoms of bowel dysfunction after colorectal resections
Authors: Mege D. , Meurette G. , Vitton V. , Leroi A.‐M. , Bridoux V. , Zerbib P. , Sielezneff I. ,   Club NEMO
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimPoor functional results, such as faecal incontinence (FI), low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) or high stool frequency, can occur after colorectal resections, including proctocolectomy with ileal pouch‐anal anastomosis (IPAA), rectal resection and left hemicolectomy. Management of such patients is problematic, and some case reports have demonstrated the effectiveness of sacral nerve stimulation (SNS) in these situations. Our aim was to analyse the effectiveness of SNS on poor functional results and on quality of life in patients after treatment with different types of colorectal resection.MethodAt five university hospitals from 2006 to 2014, patients with poor functional results after rectal resection, IPAA or left hemicolectomy underwent a staged SNS implant procedure. Failure was defined by the absence or insufficient improvement (< 50%) of FI episodes.ResultsSNS for bowel dysfunction was performed in 16 patients after rectal resection with coloanal anastomosis, left hemicolectomy with colorectal anastomosis or IPAA. Two (13%) cases of primary failure were observed after the percutaneous stimulation test. Median frequency of stool, FI episodes and urgency were significantly improved in 14 patients. Wexner and LARS scores were also significantly improved for 14 patients. When we compared results according to the type of colorectal surgery (IPAA, rectal resection or left hemicolectomy), median frequencies of stool and urgency, Wexner and LARS scores were still significantly improved. Overall success rate was 75% (12/16 patients) in intention‐to‐treat analysis and 86% (12/14 patients with permanent electrode) in per‐protocol analysis.ConclusionSNS seems to improve bowel dysfunction following rectal resection, left hemicolectomy or IPAA.
A systematic conservation strategy for crop wild relatives in the Czech Republic
Authors: Taylor Nigel G. , Kell Shelagh P. , Holubec Vojtěch , Parra‐Quijano Mauricio , Chobot Karel , Maxted Nigel 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAimTo create a crop wild relative (CWR) conservation strategy for the Czech Republic: the first nationalCWRconservation strategy for Central and Eastern Europe.LocationCzech Republic.MethodsWe generated aCWRchecklist for the Czech Republic and then prioritized taxa, using widely adopted criteria modified with input from local experts, to create a nationalCWRinventory. For 204 priorityCWRspecies, we collated 206,760 presence records. We carried out spatial analyses to identify patterns in species richness, gaps in existing conservation actions, complementary conservation networks and collecting strategies to increase representativeness of gene bank accessions. We considered both specific and genetic conservation, using geographic and ecogeographic proxies for the latter.ResultsPassive in situ conservation ofCWRin the Czech Republic is comprehensive at present, with all but one priorityCWRspecies being contained in protected areas. Active in situCWRconservation could be focussed within 11 ca. 10‐km‐by‐10‐km grid cells containing 94% of priority species, or their overlapping protected areas. To augment the genetic coverage of the in situ conservation network, activeCWRconservation is encouraged within 11 supplementary areas. Meanwhile, there are huge gaps in ex situ collections, with no known conserved material for 134 of the 204 priority species. Furthermore, existing accessions are generally unrepresentative of genetic diversity.Main conclusionsIn the Czech Republic, active in situ conservation of priorityCWRshould be instigated within the 22 recommended grid cell areas or their 14 overlapping protected areas. For ex situ conservation, strategic and targeted collection of germplasm would markedly increase the value of gene bank collections. Diversity of priority CzechCWRis concentrated in South Moravia, making this a particularly importantCWRarea for the country and for Europe.
Do sea trout Salmo trutta parr surveys monitor the densities of anadromous or resident maternal origin parr, or both?
Authors: Rohtla M. , Matetski L. , Svirgsden R. , Kesler M. , Taal I. , Saura A. , Vaittinen M. , Vetemaa M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBrown trout Salmo trutta L. parr were sampled from 21 Estonian and three Finnish streams to investigate whether national sea trout parr surveys sample the progeny of anadromous or resident maternal parents. Otolith Sr:Ca core values were used and validated as a tool for distinguishing between the progeny of the two forms. In Estonia (n = 283), 92% of the parr were the progeny of anadromous maternal parents, and 8% were the progeny of resident maternal parents, whereas in Finland (n = 24), the respective proportions were 79% and 21%. Variation in the maximum otolith Sr:Ca core values among progeny of anadromous maternal parents indicated that some adult females may enter fresh waters several months before spawning. It was concluded that easily accessible locations situated up to 30 km from the sea largely contain progeny of sea trout, whereas sites with poor connectivity with the sea can be dominated by progeny of resident trout. This study demonstrated that the method applied provided an effective means to distinguish between the progeny of sea trout and resident brown trout.
Availability of drug information on community pharmacy websites in Tennessee
Authors: Borja-Hart Nancy , Hohmeier Kenneth C 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Objective
This study reports the availability and type of drug information resources on community pharmacy websites in Tennessee.

Methods
A list of pharmacies was obtained from the Tennessee Board of Pharmacy. All community pharmacies located in Tennessee with a website were evaluated. Community pharmacy websites that listed a drug information resource were further analysed into pharmacy type and drug information provider.

Key Findings
One hundred and sixty-nine websites were evaluated. Thirty-six websites listed a drug information resource. Fifty per cent of those sites used the drug information provider RxWiki. Other providers included drugs.com/, First Data Bank, A.D.A.M., RxList, Gold Standard Multimedia and Express Scripts.

Conclusion
Community pharmacy websites are underutilized as a provider for credible drug information for the public.
Single molecule RNA sequencing uncovers trans‐splicing and improves annotations in Anopheles stephensi
Authors: Jiang X. , Hall A. B. , Biedler J. K. , Tu Z. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractSingle molecule real‐time (SMRT) sequencing has recently been used to obtain full‐length cDNA sequences that improve genome annotation and reveal RNA isoforms. Here, we used one such method called isoform sequencing from Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) to sequence a cDNA library from the Asian malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi. More than 600 000 full‐length cDNAs, referred to as reads of insert, were identified. Owing to the inherently high error rate of PacBio sequencing, we tested different approaches for error correction. We found that error correction using Illumina RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) generated more data than using the default SMRT pipeline. The full‐length error‐corrected PacBio reads greatly improved the gene annotation of Anopheles stephensi: 4867 gene models were updated and 1785 alternatively spliced isoforms were added to the annotation. In addition, six trans‐splicing events, where exons from different primary transcripts were joined together, were identified in An. stephensi. All six trans‐splicing events appear to be conserved in Culicidae, as they are also found in Anopheles gambiae and Aedes aegypti. The proteins encoded by trans‐splicing events are also highly conserved and the orthologues of these proteins are cis‐spliced in outgroup species, indicating that trans‐splicing may arise as a mechanism to rescue genes that broke up during evolution.
Migration, Productive Return and Human Capital: Lessons from the new Governmental Policy on Migration in Ecuador
Authors: Lacomba Joan , Cloquell Alexis 
Published: February 2017

AbstractIn 2008, the Government of Ecuador initiated a programme for productive return dubbed the Cucayo Fund, aimed at financing small businesses for migrants who were returning to the country. This programme has been a cornerstone in the new governmental policy on migration. In 2015, the IOM considered it an exemplary practice among the instruments enabling the economic and social reinsertion of returning migrants. In this article, based on the mining and analysis of the implementation data from the Cucayo Fund in the three provinces comprising Administrative Region No 7, we specifically examine the incidence of human capital accumulated by the migrants in the success of their ventures. Our results show that the experience and knowledge attained by the migrants abroad, and transfer of these to new activities, play a key and relevant role in the financed ventures and that, therefore, human capital must be incorporated with greater emphasis into debates on return.
Network efficiency and vulnerability analysis using the flow‐weighted efficiency measure
Authors: Nistor Marian Sorin , Pickl Stefan , Raap Manon , Zsifkovits Martin 
Published: February 2017

AbstractAnalyzing the vulnerability of a network and identifying its critical spots is of great importance for today's decision makers. The in‐depth knowledge about the underlying network and its efficiency is fundamental to adequate decision making. In this paper, the flow‐weighted efficiency measure is introduced and exemplarily demonstrated on a physical network—the underground network of Munich, Germany. This paper addresses the usability of the weight values of a graph from an efficiency point of view. The proposed measure calculates the flow‐weighted efficiency in a subway network by computing the shortest route between every pair of stations and the according bottleneck flow of the trains. Results show that the network efficiency is invariant over all schedules, whereas the flow‐weighted efficiency is significantly varying according to the train schedules.
Return and refund policy for product and core service bundling in the dual‐channel supply chain
Authors: Zhang Zichen , Luo Xinggang , Kwong Chun Kit , Tang Jiafu , Yu Yang 
Published: February 2017

AbstractRecently, manufacturers have increasingly begun to sell products bundled with core services. However, customers are inconvenienced by individually returning the product or refunding the service after they have purchased a bundle. This paper presents a return and refund policy under two‐stage demand uncertainty (uncertainty at time 0 and inherent uncertainty), for products bundled with core services in the dual‐channel supply chain. Consumers can use the direct channel to return the default product–service bundle. In contrast, consumers in the retail channel can unsubscribe from the retailer's diverse core service by first receiving an unused service refund; the retailer then returns the product to the manufacturer. We use an approximate algorithm to solve for the optimal product quantity in the retail channel, demonstrating that the proportional marginal profit has a greater positive influence on the retailer's profit, and especially for the demand with a higher mean and lower variance.
Discrete and morphometric traits reveal contrasting patterns and processes in the macroevolutionary history of a clade of scorpions
Authors: Mongiardino Koch N. , Ceccarelli F. S. , Ojanguren‐Affilastro A. A. , Ramírez M. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMany palaeontological studies have investigated the evolution of entire body plans, generally relying on discrete character‐taxon matrices. In contrast, macroevolutionary studies performed by neontologists have mostly focused on morphometric traits. Although these data types are very different, some studies have suggested that they capture common patterns. Nonetheless, the tests employed to support this claim have not explicitly incorporated a phylogenetic framework and may therefore be susceptible to confounding effects due to the presence of common phylogenetic structure. We address this question using the scorpion genusBrachistosternusPocock 1893 as case study. We make use of a time‐calibrated multilocus molecular phylogeny, and compile discrete and traditional morphometric data sets, both capturing the overall morphology of the organisms. We find that morphospaces derived from these matrices are significantly different, and that the degree of discordance cannot be replicated by simulations of random character evolution. Moreover, we find strong support for contrasting modes of evolution, with discrete characters being congruent with an ‘early burst’ scenario whereas morphometric traits suggest species‐specific adaptations to have driven morphological evolution. The inferred macroevolutionary dynamics are therefore contingent on the choice of character type. Finally, we confirm that metrics of correlation fail to detect these profound differences given common phylogenetic structure in both data sets, and that methods incorporating a phylogenetic framework and accounting for expected covariance should be favoured.
Partitioning of resources: the evolutionary genetics of sexual conflict over resource acquisition and allocation
Authors: Zajitschek F. , Connallon T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractFitness depends on both the resources that individuals acquire and the allocation of those resources to traits that influence survival and reproduction. Optimal resource allocation differs between females and males as a consequence of their fundamentally different reproductive strategies. However, because most traits have a common genetic basis between the sexes, conflicting selection between the sexes over resource allocation can constrain the evolution of optimal allocation within each sex, and generate trade‐offs for fitness between them (i.e. ‘sexual antagonism’ or ‘intralocus sexual conflict’). The theory of resource acquisition and allocation provides an influential framework for linking genetic variation in acquisition and allocation to empirical evidence of trade‐offs between distinct life‐history traits. However, these models have not considered the emergence of trade‐offs within the context of sexual dimorphism, where they are expected to be particularly common. Here, we extend acquisition–allocation theory and develop a quantitative genetic framework for predicting genetically based trade‐offs between life‐history traits within sexes and between female and male fitness. Our models demonstrate that empirically measurable evidence of sexually antagonistic fitness variation should depend upon three interacting factors that may vary between populations: (1) the genetic variances and between‐sex covariances for resource acquisition and allocation traits, (2) condition‐dependent expression of resource allocation traits and (3) sex differences in selection on the allocation of resource to different fitness components.
Improving the Electronic Capture of Advance Care Directives in a Healthcare Delivery System
Authors: Kamo Norifumi , Williams Barbara L. , Smith Donna L. , Blackmore C. Craig 
Published: February 2017

ObjectivesTo determine the effectiveness of a multifaceted quality improvement intervention in outpatient clinics at an integrated healthcare delivery system on capture rate of advance directives (ADs) in the electronic medical record (EMR).DesignInterrupted time series analysis with control groups between January 2010 and June 2015.SettingOncology, nephrology, and primary care outpatient clinics in an integrated healthcare delivery system.ParticipantsAll individuals aged 65 and older with at least one office visit in any outpatient clinic in the care delivery system (n = 77,350 with 502,446 office visits).InterventionA series of quality improvement interventions to improve rates of advance care planning discussions and capture of those discussions in the EMR between 2010 and 2014.MeasurementsCapture rate of ADs in the EMR.ResultsVisits in the intervention primary care clinic were twice as likely to mention ADs in the EMR (53.4%) than visits in nonintervention primary care clinics (26.5%). Visits in the intervention oncology clinic were more than eight times as likely to mention ADs in the EMR (49.3% vs 6.0%), and visits in the intervention nephrology clinic were 2.5 times as likely to mention ADs (15.4% vs 6.0%) than visits in other specialty clinics.ConclusionsA series of quality improvement interventions to increase discussions about advance care planning and capture of advance care directives in the EMR significantly increased the rate of capture in primary care and specialty care outpatient settings.
Quantitative x‐ray microanalysis of model biological samples in the SEM using remote standards and the XPP analytical model
Authors: MARSHALL ALAN T. 
Published: February 2017

SummaryIt is shown that accurate x‐ray microanalysis of frozen‐hydrated and dry organic compounds, such as model biological samples, is possible with a silicon drift detector in combination with XPP (exponential model of Pouchou and Pichoir matrix correction) software using ‘remote standards’. This type of analysis is also referred to as ‘standardless analysis’. Analyses from selected areas or elemental images (maps) were identical. Improvements in x‐ray microanalytical hardware and software, together with developments in cryotechniques, have made the quantitative analysis of cryoplaned frozen‐hydrated biological samples in the scanning electron microscope a much simpler procedure. The increased effectiveness of pulse pile‐up rejection renders the analysis of Na, with ultrathin window detectors, in the presence of very high concentrations of O, from ice, more accurate. The accurate analysis of Ca (2 mmol kg−1) in the presence of high concentrations of K is possible. Careful sublimation of surface frost from frozen‐hydrated samples resulted in a small increase in analysed elemental concentrations. A more prolonged sublimation from the same resurfaced sample and other similar samples resulted in higher element concentrations.
Development of an initial lexicon for and impact of forms (cube, liquid, powder) on chicken stock and comparison to consumer acceptance
Authors: Kim Hyeri , Lee Jeehyun , Kim Bongyeon 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to develop an initial descriptive sensory lexicon of commercial chicken stock products, determine the flavor profile and groupings of various forms of chicken stock, and understand consumer acceptability of chicken broth. Nine trained panelists evaluated 10 samples and consumers evaluated 6 of these 10 samples. The lexicon consisted of 23 sensory attributes, including 5 for appearance, and 18 for flavor. Cube type samples had high saltiness intensity, powder type had moderate saltiness and higher chicken flavor intensity, and liquid type had low saltiness and chicken flavor intensity. As results from overall acceptability and JAR ratings, consumer evaluation was not affected by type of chicken stock, and appropriateness (just about right) of chicken flavor and saltiness intensities were important for consumer acceptability. Chicken flavor and saltiness might be important drivers of consumer liking for chicken stock products.Practical applicationsAlthough chicken stock products are widely used, research on their use as bases in preparing dishes is limited. This study developed a lexicon for chicken stock products and conducted a consumer acceptability evaluation of chicken broth. The findings from this study can help manufacturers develop and improve chicken stock products by modifying flavor attributes to increase consumer acceptance. For consumers, chicken flavor was more important than saltiness for acceptability.