bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Proposal of a new classification scheme for periocular injuries
Authors: Mohapatra Devi Prasad , Thiruvoth Friji Meethale , Chittoria Ravi Kumar , Kumar S. Dinesh , Kumar Sudhanva Hemant , Kumar Senthil , Babu Preethitha , Kumar Elan 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackground: Eyelids are important structures and play a role in protecting the globe from trauma, brightness, in maintaining the integrity of tear films and moving the tears towards the lacrimal drainage system and contribute to aesthetic appearance of the face. Ophthalmic trauma is an important cause of morbidity among individuals and has also been responsible for additional cost of healthcare. Periocular trauma involving eyelids and adjacent structures has been found to have increased recently probably due to increased pace of life and increased dependence on machinery. A comprehensive classification of periocular trauma would help in stratifying these injuries as well as study outcomes. Material and Methods: This study was carried out at our institute from June 2015 to Dec 2015. We searched multiple English language databases for existing classification systems for periocular trauma. We designed a system of classification of periocular soft tissue injuries based on clinico-anatomical presentations. This classification was applied prospectively to patients presenting with periocular soft tissue injuries to our department. Results: A comprehensive classification scheme was designed consisting of five types of periocular injuries. A total of 38 eyelid injuries in 34 patients were evaluated in this study. According to the System for Peri-Ocular Trauma (SPOT) classification, Type V injuries were most common. SPOT Type II injuries were more common isolated injuries among all zones. Discussion: Classification systems are necessary in order to provide a framework in which to scientifically study the etiology, pathogenesis, and treatment of diseases in an orderly fashion. The SPOT classification has taken into account the periocular soft tissue injuries i.e., upper eyelid, lower eyelid, medial and lateral canthus injuries., based on observed clinico-anatomical patterns of eyelid injuries. Conclusion: The SPOT classification seems to be a reliable system to address eyelid injuries. This classification scheme would guide the ophthalmic and facial reconstructive surgeons to provide optimal outcomes in eyelid injuries. Based on the classification scheme and review of existing literature, an algorithm is presented to facilitate repair and reconstruction.
Optimising aesthetic outcome after nipple-areola complex-sparing mastectomy and immediate one-stage prosthetic reconstruction: A simple surgical trick to fix nipple-areola complex position
Authors: Maione Luca , Lisa Andrea , Barbera Federico , Siliprandi Mattia , Vinci Valeriano , Klinger Francesco , Klinger Marco 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Background: Nipple-areola complex (NAC) sparing mastectomy (NSM) is mostly indicated in patients with small-/medium-sized and non-ptotic breasts, while skin-reducing mastectomy is used in patients with medium or large breasts with severe ptosis. NAC location on the reconstructed breast is one of the major factors in determining the final aesthetic result and patients’ satisfaction. An optimum result obtained at the end of surgical procedure may be altered and compromised by skin redistribution and consequently NAC depositioning during the post-operative period in patients with medium-sized breasts and a moderate degree of ptosis. Aims: In the present study, we propose a simple surgical trick to fix the NAC in the desired position with a long-lasting result. Methods: We selected 35 patients undergoing NAC sparing mastectomy for breast cancer and immediate one-stage prosthetic reconstruction and we performed a single suture to fix NAC in the desired position before closing the skin envelope. We evaluated NAC complex position stability overtime comparing pre-operative standard photographs with early (3 weeks after surgery) and late (1 year after surgery). Results: In all patients, we were able to place the NAC complex on the desired position, and the result was stable at 1 year follow-up. The aesthetic outcome was satisfactory in all patients with no change in the complication rate. Conclusions: This simple surgical trick has been shown to be safe and effective in optimising the aesthetic outcome in a patient undergoing NAC sparing mastectomy and immediate one-stage prosthetic reconstruction. Level IV: evidence obtained from multiple time series with or without the intervention, such as case studies. Dramatic results in uncontrolled trials might also be regarded as this type of evidence.
Role of Laboratory Investigations to Assess Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Hypertensive Mothers
Authors: Kumar Pratap , Pai Muralidhar V , Amin Sapna V , Preethi DS , Rai Lavanya , Nambiar M Jayaraman 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe aim of this study was to evaluate the relevance of routinely done laboratory parameters in women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy.Materials and methodsHypertensive pregnant women were divided into two groups based on perinatal outcome as those with and without poor perinatal outcome. They were analyzed with various laboratory tests done at the time of diagnosis: Hematological parameters, such as hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, total leukocyte count, and differential count; renal parameters, such as serum urea, creatinine, and uric acid; liver function tests; and serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Coagulation parameters, such as prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, and international normalized ratio were compared between the two groups. Data were presented as mean ± standard deviation; á level of p < 0.05 was set as statistically significant.ResultsAmong the various hematological parameters, platelet count showed statistically significant differences between hypertensives with and without perinatal mortality or morbidity (p = 0.029, p = 0.029 respectively). All renal parameters showed statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.005). Serum aspartate aminotransferase (p = 0.034) among the liver parameters and serum LDH (p = 0.024) showed statistically significant differences between the two groups. Coagulation parameters were abnormal among patients with thrombocytopenia.ConclusionBlood pressure alone is not sufficient in monitoring women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Laboratory parameters that are cost-effective and routinely done in most laboratories are significant in assessing the severity of maternal disease and the perinatal outcome. It can hence, be used to monitor hypertensive women in pregnancy.How to cite this articlePreethi DS, Rai L, Nambiar MJ, Kumar P, Pai MV, Amin SV. Role of Laboratory Investigations to Assess Maternal and Perinatal Outcome in Hypertensive Mothers. Int J Infertil Fetal Med 2017;8(1):18-23.
Annual greenhouse gas budget for a bog ecosystem undergoing restoration by rewetting
Authors: Lee Sung-Ching , Christen Andreas , Black Andrew T. , Johnson Mark S. , Jassal Rachhpal S. , Ketler Rick , Nesic Zoran , Merkens Markus 
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Many peatlands have been drained and harvested for peat mining, agriculture, and other purposes, which has turned them from carbon (C) sinks into C emitters. Rewetting of disturbed peatlands facilitates their ecological recovery and may help them revert to carbon dioxide (CO2) sinks. However, rewetting may also cause substantial emissions of the more potent greenhouse gas (GHG) methane (CH4). Our knowledge of the exchange of CO2 and CH4 following rewetting during restoration of disturbed peatlands is currently limited. This study quantifies annual fluxes of CO2 and CH4 in a disturbed and rewetted area located in the Burns Bog Ecological Conservancy Area in Delta, BC, Canada. Burns Bog is recognized as the largest raised bog ecosystem on North America's west coast. Burns Bog was substantially reduced in size and degraded by peat mining and agriculture. Since 2005, the bog has been declared a conservancy area, with restoration efforts focusing on rewetting disturbed ecosystems to recover Sphagnum and suppress fires. Using the eddy covariance (EC) technique, we measured year-round (16 June 2015 to 15 June 2016) turbulent fluxes of CO2 and CH4 from a tower platform in an area rewetted for the last 8 years. The study area, dominated by sedges and Sphagnum, experienced a varying water table position that ranged between 7.7 (inundation) and −26.5 cm from the surface during the study year. The annual CO2 budget of the rewetted area was −179 ± 26.2 g CO2–C m−2 yr−1 (CO2 sink) and the annual CH4 budget was 17 ± 1.0 g CH4–C m−2 yr−1 (CH4 source). Gross ecosystem productivity (GEP) exceeded ecosystem respiration (Re) during summer months (June–August), causing a net CO2 uptake. In summer, high CH4 emissions (121 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1) were measured. In winter (December–February), while roughly equal magnitudes of GEP and Re made the study area CO2 neutral, very low CH4 emissions (9 mg CH4–C m−2 day−1) were observed. The key environmental factors controlling the seasonality of these exchanges were downwelling photosynthetically active radiation and 5 cm soil temperature. It appears that the high water table caused by ditch blocking suppressed Re. With low temperatures in winter, CH4 emissions were more suppressed than Re. Annual net GHG flux from CO2 and CH4 expressed in terms of CO2 equivalents (CO2 eq.) during the study period totalled −22 ± 103.1 g CO2 eq. m−2 yr−1 (net CO2 eq. sink) and 1248 ± 147.6 g CO2 eq. m−2 yr−1 (net CO2 eq. source) by using 100- and 20-year global warming potential values, respectively. Consequently, the ecosystem was almost CO2 eq. neutral during the study period expressed on a 100-year time horizon but was a significant CO2 eq. source on a 20-year time horizon.
The Writing of the Unwritten and the Translation of the Untranslatable: Alexnadra David-Néel's Reception in China
Authors: Bai Yunfei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The French writer and explorer Alexandra David-Néel (1868–1969) is internationally renowned for being the first Western woman to reach, in 1924, Tibet's onetime forbidden capital of Lhasa. Her personal recounting of this treacherous expedition, in Voyage d'une parisienne à Lhassa, is considered one of the most compelling travelogues ever written in French. As a maverick figure of French Orientalism, David-Néel was introduced to Chinese readers long ago. Yet a close look at her reception in China brings to light some of the most tangled aspects of West–East cross-cultural representation, such as clichéd exoticism, translatorial censorship, forgery of ideologically edifying discourses, and so forth. Through a series of philological investigations of some heavily modulated Chinese translations of David-Néel's writings, I show that the tripartite, interpretive dynamic between France, Tibet, and modern-day China cannot simply be reduced to a dualistic, unilateral, and static power pattern, since we see that the Chinese, despite being themselves “Oriental,” could, advisedly or unconsciously, produce falsified images of another “Oriental” entity placed at a less advantageous position through a French medium.
Community by Death: Mishima, Bataille, and Metaphysics of the Flesh
Authors: Lac Astrid 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Yukio Mishima once named Georges Bataille as the European thinker for whom he felt the most affinity. I take this attribution as an occasion for recasting Mishima's life and work beyond the dominant interpretative framework bi-focused on the individual-psychical and national-political regimes of meaning, toward a universal problematic appealing to philosophical-psychoanalytical insights into the being of the subject. Picking up on the common association of sadomasochism” with Mishima's and Bataille's erotic textuality, this article pursues the ways in which “perverse” indulgence harbors a powerful metaphysical drive, plumbing the possibilities of fleshly relationality to what lies beyond the body. Finally, it is the notion and actuality of death vis-à-vis the ethical vision of community that marks the two writers as mutually distinct and once again brings them together. I discuss the most momentous of Mishima's texts—憂国 (Patriotism)—as the site where Mishima's affinity with Bataille comes to the fore, illuminated by a dramatic vision of the two—one and the O/other—as the minimal constituent of the phantasmatic subject, and perhaps the only plausible form of community that can traverse the abyss of the origin.
Epithelioid sarcoma: A case series of three different presentations
Authors: Jetly Dhaval , Varadarajan Annapoorani , Naik Kinnari S , Patel Priya 
Published: June 2017

Background: Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare malignancy that presents diagnostic difficulties.Cases: We report three cases of epithelioid sarcoma with different presentations and clinical course. One patient had a classicaltype epithelioid sarcoma while rest two suffered from the rarer proximal-type. All three underwent surgical excision while two of them also had postoperative adjuvant therapy. The diagnostic challenges and the final outcome has been discussed in detail.Conclusion: The diagnosis of epithelioid sarcoma needs a high index of clinical suspicion and immunohistochemistry is extremely valuable. Adequacy of index surgery affects the ultimate prognosis.
Management Outcomes of Maxilary Sinus Maligancies: A Fifteen Year Study at Radiotherapy Department in a Tertiary Health Facility in Ibadan, South-West, Nigeria
Authors: Lasebikan Nwamaka N , Omotowo Babatunde Ishola , Lasebikan Omolade A , Oboh Osewa Evaristus , Nwosu Ndubuisi Jones , Odetunde Israel Odutola 
Published: June 2017

INTRODUCTION: Maxillary sinus malignancies are rare worldwide. The disease usually presents at an advanced stage making its management challenging for all the medical personnel involved in its treatment. Because of its location deep within the maxilla and its proximity to critical surrounding structures, radiotherapy plays an integral role in sterilizing the area of malignant cells. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to assess the management outcomes of maxillary sinus malignancies at the radiotherapy clinic of the University College Hospital, Ibadan.METHODS: A retrospective study of a total of 108 patients with histological diagnosis of maxillary sinus malignancies registered from January 1995 to December 2009 was done. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social science (SPSS) version 21, and statistical significance of association between variables was assessed using Chi-square test at p<0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Health Research Ethics Committee of UCH.RESULTS: A total of 108 patients with histologically confirmed maxillary antrum malignancies were seen over the study period. The mean age of the patients was 50.3±2.8years. The sex distribution showed 65(58.3%) males and 45(41.7%) females. Multimodality management was the primary mode of treatment. Histology and mode of treatment were found to be of prognostic significance. Only 6.4% of the patients had complete remission, while 14.8% and 50% had no remission and partial remission respectively.CONCLUSION: Majority of the patients had partial remission or no remission in our study despite the combination of surgery and radiotherapy.
Anthropic Principle Observed in the Material Properties of Fe
Authors: Mae Yoshiharu 
Published: June 2017

The melting temperature of Fe is 1808K (1535oC). If it were higher than that, the ancient people could neither produce iron products, nor achieve the civilization. When the melting temperature of Fe is observed on the periodic table, it seems that the melting temperature is lowered intentionally and unnaturally. It can be suspected to be a sort of the anthropic principle. Fe belongs to the gulf elements, when the melting temperature is plotted on the TC-YM diagram. The gulf elements show the moderate melting temperatures totally. Moreover, Fe is also located on the quadrant of the large abundance on the TC-YM diagram. Fe is also located at the position in the TC-YM diagram, which shows relatively small ionization tendency, which means easy smelting. Fe is also located at the position between the straight line of refractory metals of bcc structure and Ni of fcc structure, which leads to the crystal structure of Fe to be bcc structure at lower temperature and fcc structure at high temperature. These advantages in the properties of Fe come from its exquisite position of Fe on the TC-YM diagram. These can be thought an anthropic principle in Fe.
'Bridge' between knowledge and practice in diagnosing depression
Authors: Bost Richard H. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Depression is one of the most common disorders in primary care patients. Yet, physicians fail to recognize it in most patients. One of the likely reasons for this problem may be that medical students and physicians have difficulty recalling pertinent psychiatric didactic information in a clinically usable form. To that end, the author presents three mnemonics as a means to help clinicians easily recall the information important to making an accurate diagnosis of depression in their patients.
Protozoan parasites of the intestinal tract: A review of Coccidia and Microsporida
Authors: Collins Richard 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Ubiquitous in nature, members of the Coccidia and Microsporida are being reported with increasing frequency in the immunocompromised as well as the immunocompetent population. These protozoans are primarily waterborne, but foodborne disease has also been reported. These organisms are responsible for acute, as well as protracted, cases of watery diarrhea with various other related sequelae. The Coccidia includes three genera-Cryptoiporidium, Isospora, and Cyclospora. The latter two are of lesser importance in terms of morbidity and mortality. The Microsporida includes genera (Enterocytozoon, Encephalitozoon) only recently recognized as important agents of disease. Unlike the Coccidia, these organisms are more restricted to the immunocompromised population. Increased incidence and numbers of patients with prolonged diarrhea due to these forms indicate the need for increased clinical vigilance with regard to prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.
Anatomy of an OPTI: Part I. Form, function, and relationships
Authors: Meyer Christopher T , Mann Mary Pat , RN Cheryl Riley, , Portanova Ronald 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In July 1995, the American Osteopathic Association (AOA) Board of Trustees passed new regulations for the accreditation of osteopathic graduate medical education (GME) programs by establishing the Osteopathic Postdoctoral Training Institutions (OPTI) system, to be implemented over 4 years. The resulting changes include requirements for college cosponsorship of GME programs and the establishment of standards for the minimwn nwnber of residency programs, interns, and residents. The OPTIs will be subject to AOA inspections at least every 5 years. Proponents of the OPTI system claim it will strengthen the professi(;m by promoting educational collaboration, raising academic standards, and requiring appropriate resources to support osteopathic medical education. Opponents fear that it will be too resource intensive, create an additional layer of unnecessary bureaucracy, and have a negative impact on small colleges, hospitals, and states. Despite the controversy, a process for applying for OPTI status has been developed by the AOA, and a number of hospitals and colleges are already developing OPTIs. This article, the first in a two-part series, identifies issues and barriers to be considered in the formation of OPTIs and articulates principles underlying successful collaborations. In Part 2 these issues, principles, and.barriers will be reinforced by describing the process used to form a large OPTI-the Ohio University College of Osteopathic Medicine (OUCOM) Centers for Osteopathic Regional Education (CORE) System.
Fabric heterogeneity in the Mojave lower crust and lithospheric mantle in Southern California
Authors: Bernard Rachel E. , Behr Whitney M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe use xenoliths from young cinder cones in the eastern Mojave region of Southern California to investigate deformation fabrics and their implications for strain localization, lithospheric viscosity, and controls on mineral lattice‐preferred orientations (LPOs) and seismic anisotropy at Moho depths. Lower crustal gabbros and upper mantle peridotites were collected from two areas separated by ∼80 km—the Cima and Deadman Lake Volcanic Fields. At both localities, mantle peridotites exhibit solid‐state deformation fabrics that show strong LPOs and other evidence for dislocation creep as the dominant deformation mechanism. The preservation of microstructures ranging from annealed, granular, to mylonitic indicates that there is substantial strain localization in the Mojave mantle near the Moho. Paleopiezometry conducted on subgrains in olivine indicates that stress magnitudes during deformation were 12–26 MPa. Calculations using olivine flow laws yield strain rates on the order of ∼10−12/s and an associated viscosity of ∼1019 Pa s, consistent with estimates of mantle lid viscosity from postseismic relaxation studies. Two types of olivine LPOs were observed in the peridotites: A‐type and E‐type fabrics, both of which predict seismic fast axes that align parallel to the lineation within the foliation plane. The occurrences of the two fabric types appear to correlate with strain magnitude but not with water contents measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Lower crustal fabrics are dominated by magmatic foliations and LPOs in plagioclase, which produce seismic fast axes oriented perpendicular to the foliation plane. This suggests that even where mantle and lower crustal fabrics are kinematically linked, their seismic fast axes may appear anticorrelated across the Moho.
Post‐Synthetic Immobilization of Ni Ions in a Porous‐Organic Polymer‐Graphene Composite for Non‐Noble Metal Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation
Authors: Soliman Ahmed B. , Hassan Mohamed H. , Abugable Arwa A. , Karakalos Stavros G. , Alkordi Mohamed H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA heterogeneous catalyst composite of graphene and porous‐organic polymer, post‐synthetically loaded with NiII ions, is reported. The microporosity of the composite was largely maintained after Ni impregnation. The composite has a very low Ni loading of 0.7 wt %, combined with an efficient electrocatalytic behavior towards water oxidation, as demonstrated by an onset potential of 1.51 V vs. RHE and a considerably low overpotential of ≈0.28 V. Moreover, a low overpotential of 0.4 V at current density of 10 mA cm−2 was attained, and the composite shows also a high 100 mA cm−2 current density for the OER at 1.8 V vs. RHE. The Tafel slope for the Ni‐loaded catalyst (45 mV decade−1) indicates enhanced water oxidation characteristics as a result of the Ni ion loading. The Ni‐loaded composite shows excellent durability in the water oxidation reaction, with enhanced performance upon progression of the cycles. This approach demonstrates the feasibility of fine tuning the composite's properties through post‐synthetic impregnation with selected metal ions. The pyrimidine‐based porous‐organic polymer (PyPOP) provides a high surface area support with suitable anchoring sites for the catalytically active Ni ions, with the graphene layers providing the required electrical conductivity to the composite.