bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acellular approaches for regenerative medicine: on the verge of clinical trials with extracellular membrane vesicles?
Authors: Fuster-Matanzo Almudena , Gessler Florian , Leonardi Tommaso , Iraci Nunzio , Pluchino Stefano 
Published: November 2015

AbstractExtracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of naturally occurring secreted small vesicles, with distinct biophysical properties and different functions both in physiology and under pathological conditions. In recent years, a number of studies have demonstrated that EVs might hold remarkable potential in regenerative medicine by acting as therapeutically promising nanodrugs. Understanding their final impact on the biology of specific target cells as well as clarification of their overall therapeutic impact remains a matter of intense debate. Here we review the key principles of EVs in physiological and pathological conditions with a specific highlight on the most recently described mechanisms regulating some of the EV-mediated effects. First, we describe the current debates and the upcoming research on EVs as potential novel therapeutics in regenerative medicine, either as unmodified agents or as functionalized small carriers for targeted drug delivery. Moreover, we address a number of safety aspects and regulatory limitations related to the novel nature of EV-mediated therapeutic applications. Despite the emerging possibilities of EV treatments, these issues need to be overcome in order to allow their safe and successful application in future explorative clinical studies.
Consolidation of Educational Units: Developmen Tendencies and Prospects
Authors: Фирсова  , Firsova Irina , Малафеева  , Malafeeva M. 
Published: November 2015

This article analyzes numerical ratings of consolidation process and identifi es main tendencies and features of educational complexes formation.
Research task was to comprehend the importance of not only considering each complex as a whole organization, but also the analysis of each structural
unit. The goalwas to reveal the basic management mission for the development newly formed educational complexes.
Competency Building Approach in Regional Systems of Further Vocational Education
Authors: ������  , Knorre Elena 
Published: November 2015

The results of the research aimed to reveal the competency building approach in regional systems of extra professional education. The research was
performed using the monitoring of regional educational systems websites. The systems of extra professional education in 7 regions (45 institutes) were
analyzed. The results were as follows: 13 institutes work in terms of the traditional system of extra professional education and in 32 institutes the competency
building approach is performed. The conclusion concerning the forms of putting the competency building approach into practice in regions under
concern.
Aspects of Non-edible Vegetable Oil-Based Bio-lubricants in the Automotive Sector
Authors: Singh Yashvir , Garg Rajnish , Kumar Suresh 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Lubricants act as anti-friction media and facilitate smooth operations, maintain machine reliability and lead to reduction in the risk of frequent failures. Around the globe, petroleum-based reserves are depleting which results in price hike, creating concern about environmental pollution. The researchers are focusing on developing and using an eco-friendly lubricant derived from renewable resources. Non-edible vegetable oil-based bio-lubricants are eco-friendly due to their biodegradability, non-toxicity and net zero greenhouse gas emission. This study presents the potential of using non-edible vegetable-based bio-lubricants in the automotive sector. The first part of the study discusses about the resources, properties, as well as advantages and application of the bio-lubricants. In the second part of this paper, the potential of non-edible oil-based bio-lubricants as alternatives are discussed. The final part includes the description about the global lubricant market and prospects for the future. Non-edible vegetable oil-based bio-lubricants have enhanced lubricity, high viscosity, good anti-wear property, high viscosity index, increased equipment service life, high load carrying ability, low evaporation rates and low emission of metal traces into the atmosphere.
Actin-Cytoskeleton- and Rock-Mediated INM Are Required for Photoreceptor Regeneration in the Adult Zebrafish Retina
Authors: Lahne Manuela , Li Jingling , Marton Rebecca M. , Hyde David R. 
Published: November 2015

Loss of retinal neurons in adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) induces a robust regenerative response mediated by the reentry of the resident Müller glia into the cell cycle. Upon initiating Müller glia proliferation, their nuclei migrate along the apicobasal axis of the retina in phase with the cell cycle in a process termed interkinetic nuclear migration (INM). We examined the mechanisms governing this cellular process and explored its function in regenerating the adult zebrafish retina. Live-cell imaging revealed that the majority of Müller glia nuclei migrated to the outer nuclear layer (ONL) to divide. These Müller glia formed prominent actin filaments at the rear of nuclei that had migrated to the ONL. Inhibiting actin filament formation or Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (Rock) activity, which is necessary for phosphorylation of myosin light chain and actin myosin-mediated contraction, disrupted INM with increased numbers of mitotic nuclei remaining in the basal inner nuclear layer, the region where Müller glia typically reside. Double knockdown of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2a (Rock2a) and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase 2b (Rock2b) similarly disrupted INM and reduced Müller glial cell cycle reentry. In contrast, Rock inhibition immediately before the onset of INM did not affect Müller glia proliferation, but subsequently reduced neuronal progenitor cell proliferation due to early cell cycle exit. Long-term, Rock inhibition increased the generation of mislocalized ganglion/amacrine cells at the expense of rod and cone photoreceptors. In summary, INM is driven by an actin-myosin-mediated process controlled by Rock2a and Rock2b activity, which is required for sufficient proliferation and regeneration of photoreceptors after light damage.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe human retina does not replace lost or damaged neurons, ultimately causing vision impairment. In contrast, zebrafish are capable of regenerating lost neurons. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate retinal regeneration in these organisms will help to elucidate approaches to stimulate a similar response in humans. In the damaged zebrafish retina, Müller glia dedifferentiate and proliferate to generate neuronal progenitor cells (NPCs) that differentiate into the lost neurons. We show that the nuclei of Müller glia and NPCs migrate apically and basally in phase with the cell cycle. This migration is facilitated by the actin cytoskeleton and Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (Rocks). We demonstrate that Rock function is required for sufficient proliferation and the regeneration of photoreceptors, likely via regulating nuclear migration.
Moving target trajectory estimation using Kalman, curve fitting and Anfis methods
Authors: İnan Timur 
Published: November 2015

<p>Estimation of the possible position of the moving targets after a few steps has great significance especially in terms of defense industry. If a shoot aiming at the target is planned, the issue of estimation of forward position of the target gains importance in terms of accurate strike of the bullet at the target. In target tracking, impact of three different methods as motion estimation method on various motion types has been examined in our study. Motion types have been examined in four different types, which are rectilinear motion, circular motion, sinusoidal motion and curvilinear motion. On the other hand, estimation methods have been examined under three different titles. These are Kalman estimation method, curve fitting method and Anfis method. Different motion types have been examined with different estimation methods and the results obtained have been presented. </p><p>Keywords: robotics, image processing, trajectory tracking, target tracking, estimation, Anfis, Kalman, curve fitting.</p>
Tasas de crecimiento, mortalidad y reclutamiento de vegetación en tres estadios sucesionales del bosque seco tropical, Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Costa Rica
Authors: Carvajal-Vanegas Dorian , Calvo-Alvarado Julio 
Published: November 2015

<p>Los bosques secos tropicales se caracterizan por poseer una gran diversidad estructural y fisiológica en sus formas de vida. Sin embargo, la densidad, estructura y composición florística varían de acuerdo a la etapa de sucesión en la que se encuentre el bosque. El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar y comparar las tasas de crecimiento del diámetro, mortalidad y reclutamiento de tres estadios sucesionales del bosque seco tropical del Parque Nacional Santa Rosa, Guanacaste, Costa Rica, mediante la evaluación de nueve parcelas permanentes de muestreo. Los resultados mostraron que los estadios poseen los siguientes incrementos medios anuales: temprano (1,60 mm/año), intermedio (2,20 mm/año) y tardío (1,20 mm/año). Se encontró una alta variación entre las parcelas evaluadas de un mismo estadio en cuanto a incrementos, número de especies y su composición. El mayor incremento para el estadio temprano se encontró en la clase diamétrica de 15-20 cm (5,20 mm/año), en elintermedio en la clase de 20-25 cm (4,50 mm/año) y en la clase de 35-40 cm para el tardío (4,90 mm/año). En general las especies que muestran las tasas de crecimiento más conspicuas con altas tasas fueron Rehdera trinervis (17,00mm/año) y Swietenia macrophylla (12,20mm/año). Las especies que crecieron menos fueron las esciófitas del sotobosque de los estadios intermedio y tardío. Los<br />porcentajes de mortalidad anuales calculados para el mismo período mediante el modelo logarítmico fueron de 1,3% (temprano), un 2,6% (intermedio) y el 1,5% (tardío). El reclutamiento promedio anual fue de 8,8%, 4,8% y 1,5% para los estadios temprano, intermedio y tardío. Se concluye que las principales causas de las diferencias entre estadios se deben principalmente a la composición de especies y en menor grado a factores biofísicos propios de cada sitio.</p>
Determinación de los extractivos y su correlación con el peso específico básico de diez especies utilizadas como sombra en cafetales de Costa Rica
Authors: Bonilla-Chaves Róger , Moya-Roque Róger 
Published: November 2015

En América Central, los cafetales cuentan con árboles frutales y maderables con el fin de diversificar el cultivo y la producción. No obstante, éstas especies poseen poca información de las propiedades que determinan su potencial de uso. El objetivo del presente estudio es cuantificar el porcentaje de extractivos solubles en diferentes solventes, hidróxido de sodio, diclorometano,etanol-tolueno, agua caliente, agua fría. Se determinó la correlación entre los extractivos solubles con el peso específico de la albura y el duramen de 10 especies utilizadas como sombra en cafetales de Costa Rica. Se tomaron dos árboles de cada una de las especies de árboles de sombra en plantaciones de café y se extrajo material de la madera a 1,3 metros de altura. La madera fue molida y determinó la cantidad de extraíbles con los diferentes solventes, según las normas de la Asociación de estándares y materiales de América (ASTM). En el análisis químico, los porcentajes de extraíbles encontrados variaron de acuerdo al solvente utilizado; en hidróxido de sodio de 8,5 a 23,21%, en diclorometano de 1,71% a 8,57%, en etanol-tolueno de 0,15% a 8,79%, en agua caliente de 0,99 a 7,01% y en agua fría de 1,07% a 7,98%. En la especie Croton niveus el porcentaje de extractivos fue mayor en la albura, en comparación con el duramen. En<em> Cupressus lusitanica, Eucalyptus deglupta, Eucalyptus saligna, Pinus caribaea </em>y T<em>richilia havanensis</em> el duramen presentó mayor porcentaje de extractivos. En el resto de especies, no se presentaron diferencias entre los dos tipos de madera. En forma general se observó que las 10 especies presentan extractivos en la madera entre 1y 10%. En cuanto a la relación de los extractivos con el peso específico básico se determinó que un aumento del peso específico de la especies incrementa el contenido de extraíbles en agua fría en la albura y los extractos en agua caliente en el duramen, pero disminuye los extraíbles en diclorometano en el duramen.
Coping and Late-Deafness: An Examination of Two Measures
Authors: Meyer Jill M. , Kashubeck-West Susan 
Published: November 2015

Purpose: To examine the psychometric properties of two measures of coping in a sample of individuals with acquired hearing loss, specifically late-deafness.Methods: Using a quantitative descriptive design, coping of participants (N = 277) with late-deafness was measured to examine the reliability and validity of the Ways of Coping Questionnaire (WCQ) and the Brief Coping with Problems Experienced (Brief COPE).Results: Internal consistency estimates were adequate. Confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the hypothesized factor structures were not supported. Exploratory factor analyses revealed that three factors best fit the WCQ data. For the Brief COPE, 6 factors best fit the data.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of the Brief COPE when working with individuals with late-deafness as an appropriate measure of coping.
Impact of Distance-of-Investigation Calculations on Rate-Transient Analysis of Unconventional Gas and Light-Oil Reservoirs: New Formulations for Linear Flow
Authors: Behmanesh Hamid , Clarkson Christopher R. , Tabatabaie S. Hamed , Heidari Sureshjani Mohammadhossein 
Published: November 2015

Summary
Long-term transient linear flow of hydraulically fractured vertical and horizontal wells completed in tight/shale gas wells has historically been analyzed by use of the square-root-of-time plot. Pseudovariables are typically used for compressible fluids to account for pressure-dependence of fluid properties. Recently, a corrected pseudotime has been introduced for this purpose, in which the average pressure in the distance of investigation (DOI) is calculated with an appropriate material-balance equation. The DOI calculation is therefore a key component in the determination of the linear-flow parameter (product of fracture half-length and square root of permeability, xfk) and the calculation of contacted fluid in place. Until now, the DOI for transient linear flow has been determined empirically, and may not be accurate for all combinations of fluid properties and operating conditions.
In this work, we have derived the DOI equations analytically for transient linear flow under constant-flowing-pressure and -rate conditions. For the first time, rigorous methodologies have been used for this purpose. Two different approaches were used: the maximum rate of pressure response (impulse concept) and the transient/boundary-dominated flow intersection method. The two approaches resulted in constants in the DOI equation that are much different from previously derived versions for the constant-flowing-pressure case. The accuracy of the new equations was tested by analyzing synthetic production data from a series of fine-grid numerical simulations. Single-phase oil and gas cases were analyzed; pseudovariable alteration for pressure-dependent porosity and permeability was required in the analysis.
The calculated linear-flow parameters, determined from our new DOI formulations for the constant-flowing-bottomhole-pressure (FBHP) case, and the input values to numerical simulation, are in good agreement. Of the two new DOI-calculation methods provided, the maximum rate of pressure response (unit impulse method) provides more accurate results. Finally, a field case was analyzed to determine the impact of DOI formulations on derivations of the linear-flow parameter from field data.
Linear-flow analysis on the basis of the DOI calculations presented in this work is significantly improved over previous formulations for constant FBHP.
The larva and prepupa of Eupareophora exarmata (Thomson, 1871) (Hymenoptera, Tenthredinidae)
Authors: Liston Andrew , Prous Marko , Bücker Josef 
Published: November 2015

Of the two known Eupareophora species, more is known about the larva and bionomics of the Nearctic E. parca, than the rarely recorded West Palaearctic E. exarmata.
The last instar larva and prepupa of E. exarmata is illustrated and briefly described. In Germany its host is Fraxinus excelsior.
Sri Lanka : les séquelles de la guerre
Authors: Meyer Éric , Madavan Delon 
Published: November 2015

À Sri Lanka, la fin d’une guerre qui a duré un quart de siècle, jusqu’en mai 2009, ne signifie pas la fin d’un conflit intercommunautaire qui lui est antérieur. Cette guerre, qui a opposé les militants séparatistes tamouls aux troupes du gouvernement de Colombo, a bouleversé la société insulaire, entraînant des déplacements internes massifs de population, une émigration de grande ampleur des Tamouls, un grand nombre de tués et de blessés de part et d’autre. La transformation du conflit en guerre ouverte s’est inscrite dans le contexte de la mondialisation : outre les intérêts géostratégiques des pays voisins, c’est l’action d’une diaspora tamoule nombreuse et la perspective d’une intervention internationale qui ont conditionné le déroulement de la guerre et qui continuent de peser sur la situation d’après guerre. Le système démocratique, qui avait été incapable de gérer le conflit avant guerre, a été gravement atteint par la militarisation de la société, liée à l’affirmation d’un présidentialisme démagogique. Mais il a fait la preuve de sa résilience lors de l’élection présidentielle de 2015 gagnées sur un programme de retour à l’État de droit et de réconciliation nationale ; cependant ce « printemps sri-lankais » reste fragile.
Interposers: A Central Generic Technology for IoT
Authors: Rouzaud A. , Pares G. 
Published: November 2015

Also sometimes referred to as 2.5D integration, interposers are now a true and important component of the “3D world” based on die stacking technologies. Considered as an intermediate step in the field of high density die stacking (memory on logic, logic on logic, etc) this technology is on the other hand fully generic to manufacture heterogeneous systems which will constitute the basic of IoT (sensor with simple logic, RF capabilities and even energy harvesting).
This paper presents first a short overview of the core technologies needed in this field. The versatility of these technical blocks, allowing to efficiently manufacture a large variety of interposer based devices, is then demonstrated through different subsystems related to IoT: sensors, passives, energy harvesters, RF communication.
Some recent achievements in smart systems based on interposers mixing together passive components, microsystems and RF functions are then presented, and more particularly a system dedicated to short range high bandwidth communication for wireless HDMI and a system for implanted medical applications. In both cases, the gain in surface area is particularly important, making such solutions highly attractive.
High Density Interposer – Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Boettcher Mathias , Windrich Frank , Wolf M-J. 
Published: November 2015

Within “More than Moore” concepts interposer based packaging technologies, known as 2.5D/3D wafer level system integration, open up a wide range of miniaturized multi-functional system solutions. Pending of the final application dedicated interposer concepts have been developed for grabbing multiple active components, fabricated by different suppliers, using different technologies and materials, e.g. sensors, logic, radio frequency (RF) and memory-ICs, as well as passive devices, including antennas. In many cases the application of high density wiring, micro pillar (μ-pillar) interconnects as well as through silicon vias (TSVs) are required. Finally the interposer needs to provide the mechanical basement for system packages.
In order to support system miniaturization and extension of system performance on one hand and to meet costs and time to market challenges on the other hand the development of modular interposer concepts as well as the application of dedicated basic interposer technologies is of high interest for R&D, prototyping and small volume applications.
A short outline of high density interposer technologies developed and available at Fraunhofer IZM on 300mm substrates will be presented. Starting with a brief discussion of basic elements of interposers, several technology concepts developed and validated for high density interposer applications will be described. Challenges related to μ-pillar applications and high density wiring will be addressed and generic results will be presented. A high level comparison of challenges and opportunities will be shown and discussed. A brief outlook of future development work for system applications will be given.
Development of thin package using the glass carrier substrate
Authors: Onohara Jun , Fujita Takashi , Akutagawa Yoshito 
Published: November 2015

“The glass carrier substrate” formed on support glass using conventional build-up substrate technologies is developed. This substrate is ultrathin, and is suitable for the applications that thinner packages are highly demanded, such as for mobiles.
The advantage of glass as the carrier for the substrate is that the CTE of glass is close to that of silicon. The CTE matching of glass with silicon enables the narrow pitch mounting, because of reduced distortions between the chip and the substrate. When the chip is bonded on the substrate, glass is still combined with the substrate as the carrier. After chip bonding, the substrate can easily peeled off with laser irradiating through glass due to the characters of adhesive layer.
To verify the advantage, we prepared the thin substrate and made a connection with a narrow pitch (50um) bump chip, by means of Thermal Compression Bonding with non-conductive paste. The process of injection molding was used for packaging the substrate. We evaluated the reliability of the thin package, by temperature cycle test (JEDEC MSL-3+Cond.B). It was confirmed that the package passed the criteria.
It is convinced that the package with glass carrier substrate is an effective solution for making thinner packages.
Current Developments in Precious Metal Plating for the Semi - Conductor/Micro - Electronics Markets
Authors: Burling Steven , Nicholls Gary , Hemsley Stewart , Nagatomo Sadayuki , Shiokawa Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2015

How the metal finishing (plating) industry is meeting the technical demands of the Microelectronic market as the demand of smaller, lighter, faster, cheaper moves on relentlessly. This paper will focus in particular on Pure Gold Plating, Silver Plating and Palladium Plating for this market. Electrolytic, electroless and immersion processes will be covered outlining the operating parameters and defining applications in particular to the rapidly changing electronic packaging market within microelectronics.
In this market the effects of contamination on the deposit compositions, e.g. comparing a Modern Pure Gold Plating bath with traditional Pure Gold Plating processes, can be significant and will be discussed in detail. Details on silver plating for LED applications will also be covered in this paper. How these products are moving towards more Environmentally Friendly low and non-cyanide systems will also be shown.