bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strength Amidst Struggles: A Descriptive Qualitative Study of Maternal Experiences of Low Socioeconomic Status Mothers in the Third Month Postpartum
Authors: Chee Cornelia Yin Ing , Ng Jamie Qiao Xin , Liu Verity Chandelle , Shorey Shefaly 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo explore the experiences, expectations and needs of mothers from low socioeconomic status at 3 months postpartum.DesignDescriptive qualitative.MethodsMothers aged 21 years old and above, from low socioeconomic status (monthly household income is less than Singapore Dollar [SGD] $4300), and irrespective of their parity were invited to participate in one‐to‐one in‐depth interviews at 3 months postpartum from September 2022 to June 2023. A semistructured guide was used in the interviews, which were conducted until data saturation. A trained researcher conducted the interviews that were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Written informed consent was obtained and voluntary participation was reinforced.ResultsTwenty mothers participated in this study and four themes were identified: (1) difficult trade‐offs; (2) help‐seeking behaviours and (3) ‘But if?’ Concerns about Emergencies.ConclusionThis study explored the difficult circumstances that mothers from low socioeconomic status face in their third month postpartum, and how wider societal inequalities exacerbated these circumstances. Current policies and practices need to be relooked, reframed, and reformed to address the unique needs of this community.Implications for Patient CareNurses should keep mothers' struggles in balancing employment and childcare in consideration and explore other ways of supporting the low socioeconomic status mothers such as online modes in providing patient education and peer support.ImpactMothers from low socioeconomic status are less likely to seek formal help from healthcare professionals, external organizations and the government. These mothers need flexible, affordable and accessible childcare options to return to work. More targeted family‐oriented policies that create empowering and understanding workplaces in Singapore could help ease the stress on mothers returning to employment postpartum. Online peer support groups consisting of mothers of similar socioeconomic backgrounds could help engage and retain this hard‐to‐reach yet vulnerable population.Reporting MethodCOREQ checklist.Patient or Public ContributionNo patient or public contribution.
Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibition through henagliflozin ameliorates cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Zhang Shujun , Wang Fen , Xie Lei , Xu Jialu , Song Xiaoqing , Tao Jing , Chen Juan , Ma Delin , Yu Xuefeng , Shi Xiaoli , Yang Yan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo assess whether the sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, henagliflozin, improves cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsWe carried out a prospective study on 290 patients with type 2 diabetes and cognitive impairment. Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and plasma phosphorylated tau181 levels were used to assess cognition. The association between henagliflozin use and changes in cognition was examined using multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultsMontreal Cognitive Assessment scores at enrollment and after 6 months were 21 (interquartile range [IQR]19–23) versus 22 (IQR 20–25; P < 0.0001) in all patients, 21 (IQR 19–23) versus 24 (IQR 22–26; P < 0.0001) in the henagliflozin group and 21 (IQR 19–22) versus 21 (IQR 19–23; P > 0.05) in the non‐sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor group. Logistic regression analysis showed that henagliflozin treatment was associated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment score improvement independent of potential confounders (odds ratio [OR] 3.670, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.224–6.056, P < 0.0001). Additionally, plasma phosphorylated tau181 levels significantly decreased at 6‐month follow up in all patients (OR 11.5, 95% CI 9.9–13.7 vs OR 10.1, 95% CI 7.8–12.9, P < 0.0001) and in the henagliflozin group (OR 11.5, 95% CI 10.3–13.0 vs OR 9.2, 95% CI 7.1–10.7, P < 0.0001), but not in the non‐sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor group. Henagliflozin treatment was independently associated with decreased phosphorylated tau181 levels (OR 3.670, 95% CI 1.598–4.213, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsHenagliflozin treatment was independently associated with improvements in Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores and plasma phosphorylated tau181 levels, indicating significant beneficial effects on cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Insights on the virulence and genomic features of Lactococcus garvieae isolated from giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man 1879)
Authors: Balan Rubicely , Pandey Sudarshan , Wang Pei‐Chi , Byadgi Omkar Vijay , Chen Shih‐Chu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractGiant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii (MR)) is a significant aquafarm species commercially cultured in Taiwan. Intensive farming practices have led to the outbreak of Lactococcus garvieae (LG), which causes Lactococcosis in MR. Recently, LG has re‐emerged and the number of mortalities in prawn farms has increased in Taiwan. However, there is no preventative strategy described and a lack of knowledge on virulence factors and pathogenesis from LG in MR. The most virulent strain of L. garvieae from M. rosenbergii was screened in vivo among seven isolates selected for infectivity testing injecting 0.1 mL of 108 CFU/mL bacterial concentration. Among the seven isolates screened, L. garvieae 109‐6 resulted in 100% mortality within 3 days post‐infection. Furthermore, 109‐6 L. garvieae LD50 dosage from in MR was found to be 106 CFU/mL. Subsequently, the most virulent strain 109‐6 was sequenced using MinIon Nanopore sequencing. Results indicated that the LG genome yielded a protein‐coding of 3857 with 59 tRNA and 16 rRNA and no plasmid. Interestingly, the distribution of subsystems in the annotated genome revealed genes related to virulence, defence, and disease among LG 50 genes. Altogether, the virulent strain and its genome data revealed distinctive features of LG, which hinted toward its pathogenicity and could facilitate for better preventive strategies.
PTPRJ is a negative regulator of insulin signaling in neuronal cells, impacting protein biosynthesis, and neurite outgrowth
Authors: Ulke Jannis , Chopra Simran , Kadiri Otsuware Linda‐Josephine , Geserick Peter , Stein Vanessa , Cheshmeh Sahar , Kleinridders André , Kappert Kai 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCentral insulin resistance has been linked to the development of neurodegenerative diseases and mood disorders. Various proteins belonging to the enzyme family of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) act as inhibitors of insulin signaling. Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J (PTPRJ) has been identified as a negative regulator in insulin signaling in the periphery. However, the impact of PTPRJ on insulin signaling and its functional role in neuronal cells is largely unknown. Therefore, we generated a Ptprj knockout (KO) cell model in the murine neuroblast cell line Neuro2a by CRISPR‐Cas9 gene editing. Ptprj KO cells displayed enhanced insulin signaling, as shown by increased phosphorylation of the insulin receptor (INSR), IRS‐1, AKT, and ERK1/2. Further, proximity ligation assays (PLA) revealed both direct interaction of PTPRJ with the INSR and recruitment of this phosphatase to the receptor upon insulin stimulation. By RNA sequencing gene expression analysis, we identified multiple gene clusters responsible for glucose uptake and metabolism, and genes involved in the synthesis of various lipids being mainly upregulated under PTPRJ deficiency. Furthermore, multiple Ca2+ transporters were differentially expressed along with decreased protein biosynthesis. This was accompanied by an increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers. On a functional level, PTPRJ deficiency compromised cell differentiation and neurite outgrowth, suggesting a role in nervous system development. Taken together, PTPRJ emerges as a negative regulator of central insulin signaling, impacting neuronal metabolism and neurite outgrowth.
Three‐dimensional virtual histology of the rat uterus musculature using micro‐computed tomography
Authors: Roesler Mathias W. , Garrett Amy S. , Trew Mark L. , Gerneke Dane , Amirapu Satya , Cheng Leo K. , Clark Alys R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractContractions of the uterus play an important role in menstruation and fertility, and contractile dysfunction can lead to chronic diseases such as endometriosis. However, the structure and function of the uterus are difficult to interrogate in humans, and thus animal studies are often employed to understand its function. In rats, anatomical studies of the uterus have typically been based on histological assessment, have been limited to small segments of the uterine structure, and have been time‐consuming to reconstruct at the organ scale. This study used micro‐computed tomography imaging to visualise the muscle structures in the entire non‐pregnant rat uterus and assess its use for 3D virtual histology. An assessment of the rodent uterus is presented to (i) quantify muscle thickness variations along the horns, (ii) identify predominant fibre orientations of the muscles and (iii) demonstrate how the anatomy of the uterus can be mapped to 3D volumetric meshes via virtual histology. Micro‐computed tomography measurements were validated against measurements from histological sections. The average thickness of the myometrium was found to be 0.33 ± 0.11 mm and 0.31 ± 0.09 mm in the left and right horns, respectively. The micro‐computed tomography and histology thickness calculations were found to correlate strongly at different locations in the uterus: at the cervix, r = 0.87, and along the horn from the cervical end to the ovarian end, respectively, r = 0.77, r = 0.89 and r = 0.54, with p < 0.001 in every location. This study shows that micro‐computed tomography can be used to quantify the musculature in the whole non‐pregnant uterus and can be used for 3D virtual histology.
Periaqueductal gray connectivity in spinal cord injury‐induced neuropathic pain
Authors: Shoraka Omid , Syed Mashaal , Mandloi Shreya , Thalheimer Sara , Kashani Sara Naghizadeh , Heller Joshua E. , Mohamed Feroze B. , Sharan Ashwini D. , Talekar Kiran S. , Matias Caio M. , Harrop James S. , Krisa Laura , Alizadeh Mahdi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground and PurposeNeuropathic pain (NP) is a debilitating condition following spinal cord injury (SCI). The role of periaqueductal gray (PAG) in NP development following SCI remains underexplored. Using resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI), our study aimed to demonstrate the alterations in functional connectivity (FC) of PAG in NP following SCI.MethodsTen SCI patients (SCI + NP, n = 7, and SCI − NP, n = 3), alongside 10 healthy controls (HCs), were enrolled. rsfMRI was conducted followed by seed‐to‐voxel analysis using PAG as the seed region and then group‐based analysis comprising three groups (SCI + NP, SCI − NP, and HC). Age and gender were considered as confounding variables.ResultsCompared to HCs, SCI + NP demonstrated decreased FC between PAG and right insula, right frontal orbital cortex, right pallidum, dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN), red nuclei (RN), substantia nigra (SN), and ventral posterolateral (VPL) thalamic nuclei. Compared to SCI − NP, SCI + NP demonstrated increased FC between PAG and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), hippocampus, cerebellar vermis lobules IV and V, and thalamic structures (posterior and lateral pulvinar, the mediodorsal nuclei, and the ventral lateral nuclei). Additionally, decreased FC between the PAG and VPL, geniculate bodies, intralaminar nuclei of thalamus, DRN, RN, SN, and prefrontal cortex was observed in this comparison.ConclusionsAltered FC between PAG and right anterior insula, VPL, DRN, RN, SN, cerebellar vermis lobules IV and V, frontal cortex, and PCC was associated with NP sequelae of SCI. Additionally, SCI was independently associated with decreased FC between PAG and right posterior insula, cerebellar lobules IV and V, and cerebellar vermis lobules III, IV, and V.
Role of liver biopsy in the management of idiosyncratic DILI
Authors: Kleiner David E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDrug‐induced liver injury (DILI) presents unique challenges in clinical practice. While some types of DILI are mild and resolve quickly after removing the drug, other situations are more complex, with competing aetiologies or underlying liver disease. Guidelines from professional societies agree that the liver biopsy retains a role in understanding and managing DILI in certain situations. Liver biopsy allows characterization of the histological pattern of injury as well as assessment of severity. Inflammatory infiltrates, bile duct injury or loss and vascular injury are all revealed by liver biopsy. Communication between the hepatopathologist and clinical team with clinicopathological correlation of the findings is necessary for the best determination of causality and differentiation from other diseases of exclusion, like autoimmune hepatitis and graft‐versus‐host disease. This review highlights important aspects of the role of liver biopsy in DILI evaluation.
Ice age‐driven range shifts of diploids and expanding autotetraploids of Biscutella laevigata within a conserved niche
Authors: Grünig Sandra , Patsiou Theofania , Parisod Christian 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Early studies of the textbook mixed‐ploidy system Biscutella laevigata highlighted diploids restricted to never‐glaciated lowlands and tetraploids at high elevations across the European Alps, promoting the hypothesis that whole‐genome duplication (WGD) is advantageous under environmental changes. Here we addressed long‐held hypotheses on the role of hybridisation at the origin of the tetraploids, their single vs multiple origins, and whether a shift in climatic niche accompanied WGD.

Climatic niche modelling together with spatial genetics and coalescent modelling based on ddRAD‐seq genotyping of 17 diploid and 19 tetraploid populations was used to revisit the evolution of this species complex in space and time.

Diploids differentiated into four genetic lineages corresponding to allopatric glacial refugia at the onset of the last ice age, whereas tetraploids displaying tetrasomic inheritance formed a uniform group that originated from southern diploids before the last glacial maximum. Derived from diploids occurring at high elevation, autotetraploids likely inherited their adaptation to high elevation rather than having evolved it through or after WGD. They further presented considerable postglacial expansion across the Alps and underwent admixture with diploids.

Although the underpinnings of the successful expansion of autotetraploids remain elusive, differentiation in B. laevigata was chiefly driven by the glacial history of the Alps.
Evolutionarily conserved core microbiota as an extended trait in nitrogen acquisition strategy of herbaceous species
Authors: Cheng Saisai , Gong Xin , Xue Wenfeng , Kardol Paul , Delgado‐Baquerizo Manuel , Ling Ning , Chen Xiaoyun , Liu Manqiang 
Published: September 2024

Summary

Microbiota have co‐evolved with plants over millions of years and are intimately linked to plants, ranging from symbiosis to pathogenesis. However, our understanding of the existence of a shared core microbiota across phylogenetically diverse plants remains limited.

A common garden field experiment was conducted to investigate the rhizosphere microbial communities of phylogenetically contrasting herbaceous families. Through a combination of metagenomic sequencing, analysis of plant economic traits, and soil biochemical properties, we aimed to elucidate the eco‐evolutionary role of the core rhizosphere microbiota in light of plant economic strategies.

We identified a conserved core microbiota consisting of 278 taxa that was closely associated with the phylogeny of the plants studied. This core microbiota actively participated in multiple nitrogen metabolic processes and showed a strong correlation with the functional potential of rhizosphere nitrogen cycling, thereby serving as an extended trait in the plant nitrogen acquisition. Furthermore, our examination of simulated species loss revealed the crucial role of the core microbiota in maintaining the rhizosphere community's network stability.

Our study highlighted that the core microbiota, which exhibited a phylogenetically conserved association with plants, potentially represented an extension of the plant phenotype and played an important role in nitrogen acquisition. These findings held implications for the utilization of microbiota‐mediated plant functions.
Physical activity habits and associated factors in open green spaces of young adults: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Süner Ahmet Furkan , Sümen Adem 
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study was conducted to determine the relationship between green space usage habits and physical activity in young adults.DesignA cross‐sectional and correlational design.SampleThe study was conducted with 455 young adults who were studying at a faculty between February and May 2023.MeasurementsThe research data were collected face‐to‐face using a form prepared by the researchers in line with the literature and tested before collection. The form includes questions about green space use habits, green exercise levels, and leisure time activities in green spaces.ResultsThe probability of male young adults to do physical activity in green spaces compared to women aOR: 2.4 (95% CI: 1.4–3.9, p = .001), the probability of young adults with higher family income to do physical activity in green spaces than those with low‐income aOR: 5.4 (95% CI: 2.7–10.8, p < .001), the probability of young adults who do physical activity in indoor spaces to do physical activity in green spaces compared to those who do not aOR: 2.4 (95% CI: 1.5–3.6, p < .001), 500 m away from the green space aOR: 2.8 (95% CI: 1.6–4.9, p < .001) is more likely for those living farther away to engage in physical activity in green spaces than those living closer than 100 m.ConclusionsYoung adults' gender, income, distance to green spaces, and sports activities under various conditions have an impact on physical activity in open green spaces.
Validity and reliability of the Checklist for Habitual Physical Activity for people 75 years and older in Japan
Authors: Arita Kuniko , Ishibashi Yu , Tajima Takayuki , Ikechi Yoshiaki , Ishibashi Hitomi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite health benefits, many older adults struggle to meet physical activity guidelines, leading to stagnant activity levels. While integrating physical activity into daily routines has been proposed as a promising strategy for older adults, fit‐for‐purpose measurement tools to assess such routines are lacking. The Checklist for Habitual Physical Activity (CHaPA) was developed based on the positive deviance approach and socio‐ecological model to assess daily behaviours encouraging physical activity among adults aged 75 and older. It has been confirmed for its content and face validity. However, to ensure its broader applicability and usefulness, assessing its construct validity and reliability is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to assess the construct validity and reliability of the CHaPA and accordingly update the tool.MethodsTo validate the construct validity of the CHaPA 22‐item version, we conducted item analysis and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. We removed inappropriate items based on predefined criteria. Then, we assessed the reliability, internal consistency, test–retest reliability, and measurement errors of the CHaPA final version.ResultsItem analyses and factor analyses resulted in the deletion of 11 items. The results of confirmatory factor analysis validated the CHaPA 11‐item version with the three‐factor structure based on model fit index with χ2/degree of freedom = 1.25, comparative fit index = 0.965, Tucker‐Lewis index = 0.952, and root‐mean‐square error of approximation = 0.038. Omega coefficient (0.90) showed excellent internal consistency. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated good test–retest reliability (ICC (1, 2) = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.34–0.89, standard error of measurement = 1.75).ConclusionsWe finalised the CHaPA 11‐item version as a valid and reliable instrument for assessing daily behaviours conducive to physical activity among individuals aged 75 years and older. We need to examine the methods and effectiveness of disseminating this checklist to ensure its utilisation as a resource for promoting healthy ageing and aiding older adults in maintaining active lifestyles.
Does the Uterine Ozone Therapy Alter the Transcript Profile of Anti‐ and Proinflammatory Genes in Mares With Endometritis?
Authors: Botelho Jorge Henrique Villela , Pessoa Gabriela Oliveira , Caixeta Ester Siqueira , Sales Giuliana , de Oliveira Karine Rabelo , Nascimento Neto José da Páscoa , Ferreira Roger Dinali , Palhão Miller Pereira 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to evaluate the localised effects of intrauterine ozone therapy on endometrial recovery in mares with endometritis. Our investigation assessed changes in gene expression profiles of anti‐inflammatory (IL‐1RA and IL‐10), proinflammatory (IL‐R1B3i and TNFα) and pleiotropic (IL‐6) cytokines, along with detailed histological measurements of epithelial and endometrial thickness and the glandular area ratio. Twenty mares were assigned to a 2 × 2 factorial design based on endometritis diagnosis and treatment (control or 42 μg/mL ozone insufflation), resulting in four groups: NC (negative for endometritis/control), NO (negative/ozone), PC (positive/control) and PO (positive/ozone). Oestrus was induced with 2 mg of oestradiol benzoate on Days −1, 1 and 3, plus 1 mg on Day 5. Day 0 marked the initial uterine treatment, followed by insufflations on Days 1 and 2 with O3 (ozone) or O2 (control). Uterine biopsies were taken before treatment on Day 0 and Day 6 for histological analysis and gene expression assessment. Data were analysed using a statistical model that included endometritis status, treatment type, biopsy times (D0 and D6) and their interactions, analysed with Proc Glimmix. Regardless of treatment or endometritis status, significant biopsy effects (p < 0.01) indicated increased epithelial height and endometrial thickness in Day 6 samples. Analysis of IL‐1 and TNFα revealed a significant interaction (p < 0.05) among endometritis, treatment and biopsy, with higher IL‐1B3i expression on Day 6 in the PC group. The treatment effect (p < 0.04) showed a higher frequency (p < 0.01) of animals with positive modulation in the PC group (66.7%) versus the PO group (0.0%). An interaction effect (p = 0.08) between endometritis and treatment resulted from higher IL‐1RA expression on Day 6 in the PC group compared to the PO group. Biopsy effect was significant for IL‐10 (p < 0.01), indicating higher values in the second sample associated with tissue repair. In the short‐term evaluation, ozone therapy did not influence endometrial morphology and may modulate cytokine expression, specifically the reduction in IL‐1 and TNFα levels. Therefore, this therapy appears to be a safe and potentially effective treatment for modulating the inflammatory response in mares with endometritis.