bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding vinyl ether monomer repertoire for ring‐expansion cationic polymerization: Various cyclic polymers with tailored pendant groups
Authors: Kammiyada Hajime , Ouchi Makoto , Sawamoto Mitsuo 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTHerein, we clarified the ring‐expansion cationic polymerization with a cyclic hemiacetal ester (HAE)‐based initiator was versatile in terms of applicable vinyl ether monomers. Although there was a risk that higher reactive vinyl ethers may incur β‐H elimination of the HAE‐based cyclic dormant species to irreversibly give linear chains, the polymerizations were controlled to give corresponding cyclic polymers from various alkyl vinyl ethers of different reactivities. Functional vinyl ether monomers were also available, and for instance a vinyl ether monomer carrying an initiator moiety for metal‐catalyzed living radical polymerization in the pendant allowed construction of ring‐linear graft copolymers through the grafting‐from approach. Furthermore, ring‐based gel was prepared via the addition of divinyl ether at the end of the ring‐expansion polymerization, where multi HAE bonds cyclic polymers or fused rings were crosslinked with each other. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 3082–3089
The relationship between symptom prevalence, body image, and quality of life in Asian gynecologic cancer patients
Authors: Teo Irene , Cheung Yin Bun , Lim Timothy Yong Kuei , Namuduri Rama Padmavathi , Long Victoria , Tewani Komal 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveGynecologic cancer is associated with long‐term effects that can be both physical and emotional. We examined symptom prevalence and body image disturbance in patients with gynecologic cancer and their association with quality of life. Predictors of clinically‐relevant body image disturbance were examined.MethodsA sample of patients in Singapore (n = 104) was assessed for symptom prevalence, quality of life, and body image dissatisfaction. Clinical factors were extracted from medical records.ResultsThe most frequently reported symptoms were fatigue, abdominal bloatedness, weight gain, constipation, hot flashes, and pelvic pain. Approximately one quarter patients reported feeling less physically attractive and dissatisfied with their body. Ordinary least squares regression indicated that symptom prevalence alone predicted physical well‐being, b = −1.09, P < .001, 95% CI, −1.45 to −0.73, and functional well‐being, b = −0.88, P < .001, 95% CI, −1.32 to −0.45. Body image dissatisfaction alone significantly predicted emotional well‐being, b = −0.21, P < .01, 95% CI, −0.35 to −0.06. Younger age was a significant risk factor for clinically‐relevant score of body image distress, OR = 0.95 per year older, 95% CI, 0.92 to 0.99, P = .02.ConclusionsSymptom prevalence and body image dissatisfaction were associated with different domains of quality of life. Emotional well‐being of patients was better explained by body image, rather than extent of symptoms experienced. Patients who are younger appear particularly susceptible to body image disturbance.
Upregulation of inflammatory mediators in the ventricular zone after cortical stroke
Authors: Gunton Adrianna N. , Sanchez‐Arias Juan C. , Carmona‐Wagner Esther O. , Wicki‐Stordeur Leigh E. , Swayne Leigh Anne 
Published: May 2017

PurposeAfter cortical stroke, neural precursor cells (NPCs) in the distal ventricular zone (VZ) proliferate more rapidly and migrate toward the injured cortex. While evidence suggests this can enhance stroke recovery, the underlying molecular mechanisms initiating the response are poorly understood. Here we identified changes in protein expression in the ipsilateral VZ early (4 h) after stroke to gain insight into the initial mechanisms involved in NPC activation post‐stroke.Experimental designFour hours after photothrombotic stroke (or sham surgery control) in the sensorimotor cortex, adult mice (10 stroke, 10 sham) were subjected to cardiac perfusion with PBS, and ipsilateral and contralateral VZ tissue was microdissected. Two separate sets of ipsilateral and contralateral VZ tissues (from 5 pooled surgery or 5 pooled sham mice) were analyzed simultaneously using 8‐plex iTRAQ. We used Western blotting and confocal microscopy to confirm changes in protein expression in the VZ ipsilateral to stroke in a separate cohort of mice.ResultsWe identified nine proteins which exhibited a significant mean increase (by ≥ 2‐fold) in stroke ipsilateral compared to sham ipsilateral. Many of these proteins were antiproteases or cytokine/growth factor binding proteins that are known to act as inflammatory responders or effectors and play roles in modulating tissue growth and remodeling.Conclusion and clinical relevanceThese novel findings support a growing body of literature that inflammatory signaling is involved in the NPC response to brain injury and identifies novel potential targets that could be exploited to better understand and to optimize this regenerative response.
Inhibition of Prion Propagation by 3,4‐Dimethoxycinnamic Acid
Authors: Zanyatkin Ivan , Stroylova Yulia , Tishina Sofia , Stroylov Victor , Melnikova Aleksandra , Haertle Thomas , Muronetz Vladimir 
Published: May 2017

Neurodegenerative diseases are associated with accumulation of amyloid‐type protein misfolding products. Prion protein (PrP) is known for its ability to aggregate into soluble oligomers that in turn associate into amyloid fibrils. Preventing the formation of these infective and neurotoxic entities represents a viable strategy to control prion diseases. Numerous attempts to find dietary compounds with anti‐prion properties have been made; however, the most promising agent found so far was curcumin, which is poorly soluble and merely bioavailable. In the present work, we identify 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamic acid (DMCA) which is a bioavailable coffee component as a perspective anti‐prion compound. 3,4‐Dimethoxycinnamic acid was found to bind potently to prion protein with a Kd of 405 nM. An in vitro study of DMCA effect on PrP oligomerization and fibrillization was undertaken using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and circular dichroism (CD) methodologies. We demonstrated that DMCA affects PrP oligomer formation reducing the oligomer content by 30–40%, and enhancing SH‐SY5Y cell viability treated with prion oligomers. Molecular docking studies allowed to suggest a site where DMCA is able to bind stabilizing PrP tertiary structure. We suggest that DMCA is a perspective dietary compound for prophylaxis of neurodegenerative diseases that needs further research. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of Benefit and Tolerability of IQP‐CL‐101 (Xanthofen) in the Symptomatic Improvement of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Double‐Blinded, Randomised, Placebo‐Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Alt Felix , Chong Pee‐Win , Teng Emily , Uebelhack Ralf 
Published: May 2017

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder of unknown aetiology. There is currently no known cure, and pharmacological interventions are usually targeting symptomatic relief, where natural and herbal remedies also play a role. This study aimed to evaluate the benefit and tolerability of IQP‐CL‐101 in symptomatic IBS relief. A double‐blinded, randomised, placebo‐controlled trial was conducted over 8 weeks. A total of 99 subjects fulfilling ROME‐III criteria for IBS were randomised into two groups, given either two IQP‐CL‐101 softgels or matching placebo twice daily before main meals. The primary endpoint was the difference in change of IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS‐SSS) after an 8‐week intake of IQP‐CL‐101 compared to placebo. After 8 weeks, subjects on IQP‐CL‐101 showed a significant reduction in IBS‐SSS (113.0 ± 64.9‐point reduction) compared to subjects on placebo (38.7 ± 64.5‐point reduction) (p < 0.001). A significant improvement could be seen as early as 4 weeks. No serious adverse events were reported throughout. IQP‐CL‐101 can be considered beneficial in the improvement of IBS symptom severity, regardless of IBS type, and therefore able to improve quality of life in patients suffering from abdominal pain and discomfort. © 2017 The Authors. Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Mastery Learning – does the method of learning make a difference in skills acquisition for robotic surgery?
Authors: Siroen Karen L. , Ward Christopher D.W. , Escoto Abelardo , Naish Michael D. , Bureau Yves , Patel Rajni V. , Schlachta Christopher M. , Cristancho Sayra M. , Trejos Ana Luisa 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundFew studies compare the effectiveness of blocked vs random practice conditions in minimally invasive surgery training, and none have evaluated these in robotic surgery training.MethodsThe dV‐Trainer® and the da Vinci® Surgical System (dVSS) were used to compare practice conditions. Forty‐two participants were randomized into blocked and random practice groups. Each participant performed five tasks: Ring Walk, Thread the Rings, Needle Targeting, Suture Sponge and Tubes Level 2. Transfer to the dVSS was also assessed.ResultsNo significant differences were observed between the two groups, except for a few instances. For example, during Ring Walk, the random group performed significantly faster than the blocked group (100.78 ± 5.26 s vs 121.59 ± 5.26 s, p < 0.01).ConclusionsThe study results do not follow the current evidence presented in the education literature. This is the first time that blocked versus random practice was tested for robotic surgery training.
Amplified Arctic warming and mid‐latitude weather: new perspectives on emerging connections
Authors: Francis Jennifer A. , Vavrus Stephen J. , Cohen Judah 
Published: May 2017

The Arctic is warming and melting at alarming rates. Within the lifetime of a Millennial, the volume of ice floating on the Arctic Ocean has declined by at least half. The pace of Arctic warming is two‐to‐three times that of the globe; this disparity reached a new record high during 2016. While the Arctic spans only a small fraction of the Earth, it plays a disproportionate and multifaceted role in the climate system. In this article, we offer new perspectives on ways in which the Arctic's rapid warming may influence weather patterns in heavily populated regions (the mid‐latitudes) of the Northern Hemisphere. Research on this topic has evolved almost as rapidly as the snow and ice have diminished, and while much has been learned, many questions remain. The atmosphere is complex, highly variable, and undergoing a multitude of simultaneous changes, many of which have become apparent only recently. These realities present challenges to robust signal detection and to clear attribution of cause‐and‐effect. In addition to updating the state of this science, we propose an explanation for the varying and intermittent response of mid‐latitude circulation to the rapidly warming Arctic. WIREs Clim Change 2017, 8:e474. doi: 10.1002/wcc.474This article is categorized under:

Climate Models and Modeling > Knowledge Generation with Models
Genome organization during the cell cycle: unity in division
Authors: Golloshi Rosela , Sanders Jacob T. , McCord Rachel Patton 
Published: May 2017

During the cell cycle, the genome must undergo dramatic changes in structure, from a decondensed, yet highly organized interphase structure to a condensed, generic mitotic chromosome and then back again. For faithful cell division, the genome must be replicated and chromosomes and sister chromatids physically segregated from one another. Throughout these processes, there is feedback and tension between the information‐storing role and the physical properties of chromosomes. With a combination of recent techniques in fluorescence microscopy, chromosome conformation capture (Hi‐C), biophysical experiments, and computational modeling, we can now attribute mechanisms to many long‐observed features of chromosome structure changes during cell division. Apparent conflicts that arise when integrating the concepts from these different proposed mechanisms emphasize that orchestrating chromosome organization during cell division requires a complex system of factors rather than a simple pathway. Cell division is both essential for and threatening to proper genome organization. As interphase three‐dimensional (3D) genome structure is quite static at a global level, cell division provides an important window of opportunity to make substantial changes in 3D genome organization in daughter cells, allowing for proper differentiation and development. Mistakes in the process of chromosome condensation or rebuilding the structure after mitosis can lead to diseases such as cancer, premature aging, and neurodegeneration. WIREs Syst Biol Med 2017, 9:e1389. doi: 10.1002/wsbm.1389This article is categorized under:

Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Genetic/Genomic Methods
Laboratory Methods and Technologies > Imaging
Biological Mechanisms > Regulatory Biology
A new quantitative X‐ray system for micro‐PIXE analysis
Authors: Pallon Jan , De La Rosa Nathaly , Elfman Mikael , Kristiansson Per , Nilsson E.J. Charlotta , Ros Linus 
Published: May 2017

Particle Induced X‐ray Emission is a well‐established technique for quantitative elemental analysis down to trace levels. During microbeam analysis, where the beam is collimated and focused into a small spot, the beam current reduces to nA or less. The generation of characteristic X‐rays is reduced in the same proportion, leading to long data‐acquisition times. This can partly be compensated for by using detectors with a large solid angle. In this work, the performance of an annular eight‐element silicon drift detector with a total solid angle of 261 msr is described. The initial calibration of the detector was performed using thin elemental standards. Charge measurement was carried out both in a Faraday Cup positioned after the sample and by a pre‐sample electrostatic deflection system sampling the beam charge into another Faraday Cup. The two methods were used in parallel and compared during the calibration measurements. A recently installed Versa Module Europe (VME) based data acquisition system equipped with, for example, multi‐hit time‐to‐digital converters, amplifiers, and 32‐channel scalers, was used to record data in event‐by‐event mode for simultaneous data evaluation on multiple computers. Off‐line dead time and pile‐up corrections were made on the event data that was sorted into spectra and fitted with the GeoPIXE software. The pre‐sample deflection charge measurement gave consistent values for the calibration, and this is an important observation implying that non‐conductive and thick samples will be able to quantify without the use of internal standards. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studying the effect of different parameters on stress resultant and moments distribution around non‐circular cutouts in unsymmetric laminates
Authors: Ashoori Savadkoohi H. S. , Jafari M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this study, using complex potential approach, the stress analysis of unsymmetric laminates with non‐circular cutouts is examined. In this study, using an appropriate mapping function the solution of perforated unsymmetric laminate with a circular cutout is extended to calculate stress distribution around non‐circular cutouts and the effect of some parameters such as lay‐up, cutout orientation and bluntness of cutouts on the stress resultants and moment resultants around them is studied. The results obtained are presented for two different lay‐ups [0/90]T and [45/–45]T. Finite element numerical solution is used to validate results obtained from the present analytical solution. The analytical solution is in conformity with the finite element solution. It is interesting to note that the unexpected results indicate that the stress resultants and moment resultants around circular cutout aren't less than other cutouts. Furthermore, if appropriate values are selected for bluntness and cutout orientation, the stress resultants and moments will be reduced in significant value.
Two‐dimensional analysis of the fully coupled rolling contact problem between a rigid cylinder and an orthotropic medium
Authors: Zakerhaghighi H. , Adibnazari S. , Güler M. A. , Faghidian S. A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, the fully‐coupled rolling contact problem between a rigid cylinder and an orthotropic medium is investigated. The governing equations are developed analytically; then, a numerical method, the Gauss‐Chebyshev method, is used to solve the coupled integral equations. The rolling contact problem is solved by assuming a central stick zone accompanied with two slip regions. The main purpose of this study is to obtain the surface stresses in the contact area and investigate the effect of material orthotropic properties such as shear parameter and stiffness ratio and also the coefficient of friction on these contact stresses. In addition, the subsurface stresses in the orthotropic medium are determined and a parametric study, was subsequently executed. The current paper shows that the orthotropic parameters and the coefficient of friction significantly influence the contact surface stresses and the distribution of the interior field stresses. By appropriately choosing the values of these parameters, the stresses will decrease; thus, the failure behavior of the orthotropic medium improves.
High-yield production of mannitol by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides CTCC G123 from chicory-derived inulin hydrolysate
Authors: Zhang Min , Gu Lei , Cheng Chao , Zhu Junru , Wu Hao , Ma Jiangfeng , Dong Weiliang , Kong Xiangping , Jiang Min , Ouyang Pingkai 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Chicory is an agricultural plant with considerable potential as a carbohydrate substrate for low-cost production of biochemicals. In this work, the production of mannitol by Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides CTCC G123 from chicory-derived inulin hydrolysate was investigated. The bioconversion process initially suffered from the leakage of fructose to the phosphoketolase pathway, resulting in a low mannitol yield. When inulin hydrolysate was supplemented with glucose as a substrate for mannitol production in combination with aeration induction and nicotinic acid induced redox modulation strategies, the mannitol yield greatly improved. Under these conditions, significant improvement in the glucose consumption rate, intracellular NADH levels and mannitol dehydrogenase specific activity were observed, with mannitol production increasing from 64.6 to 88.1 g/L and overall yield increase from 0.69 to 0.94 g/g. This work demonstrated an efficient method for the production of mannitol from inulin hydrolysate with a high overall yield.
Total Knee Arthroplasty for Knee Osteoarthritis: Support for a Foregone Conclusion?
Authors: Steinhaus Michael E. , Christ Alexander B. , Cross Michael B. 
Published: May 2017

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is generally accepted as the definitive treatment for advanced knee arthritis after patients fail nonoperative treatments; however, the safety and efficacy of TKA compared to continued nonoperative treatment has never been proven in high-quality, randomized controlled trials. Recently, a 2015 Danish study published a 12-month follow-up on a cohort of patients randomized to either a TKA or continued nonsurgical management for advanced knee osteoarthritis (OA). The authors reported significantly greater improvement in the TKA group in functional outcome scores such as the overall Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS4 score), the KOOS subscales, EQ-5D descriptive index, and timed get up-and-go and 20-m walk tests; however, patients in the TKA did suffer significantly more serious adverse events (SAE). The authors concluded that TKA combined with additional nonoperative care postoperatively is more efficacious than nonsurgical treatment alone in terms of improving pain, function, and quality of life at 12 months but is associated with more SAE. The purpose of this review is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of this trial, interpret its outcomes within the context of prior literature, and evaluate the validity of its conclusions.
Kilonovae
Authors: Metzger Brian D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe mergers of double neutron star (NS–NS) and black hole (BH)–NS binaries are promising gravitational wave (GW) sources for Advanced LIGO and future GW detectors. The neutron-rich ejecta from such merger events undergoes rapid neutron capture (r-process) nucleosynthesis, enriching our Galaxy with rare heavy elements like gold and platinum. The radioactive decay of these unstable nuclei also powers a rapidly evolving, supernova-like transient known as a “kilonova” (also known as “macronova”). Kilonovae are an approximately isotropic electromagnetic counterpart to the GW signal, which also provides a unique and direct probe of an important, if not dominant, r-process site. I review the history and physics of kilonovae, leading to the current paradigm of week-long emission with a spectral peak at near-infrared wavelengths. Using a simple light curve model to illustrate the basic physics, I introduce potentially important variations on this canonical picture, including: $$\sim $$
∼
day-long optical (“blue”) emission from lanthanide-free components of the ejecta; $$\sim $$
∼
hour-long precursor UV/blue emission, powered by the decay of free neutrons in the outermost ejecta layers; and enhanced emission due to energy input from a long-lived central engine, such as an accreting BH or millisecond magnetar. I assess the prospects of kilonova detection following future GW detections of NS–NS/BH–NS mergers in light of the recent follow-up campaign of the LIGO binary BH–BH mergers.
Laboratory modeling and measurement of the electrical resistivity of hydrate-bearing sand samples
Authors: Permyakov M.E. , Manchenko N.A. , Duchkov A.D. , Manakov A.Yu. , Drobchik A.N. , Manshtein A.K. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we describe a setup for modeling hydrate-bearing rock samples and measuring their electrical resistivity at different pressures and temperatures using an AMNB cylindrical four-electrode probe. Methods for modeling hydrate-bearing rock samples and measuring their resistivity are considered. The setup was used in a series of experiments to measure the resistivity of sand samples containing water, ice or tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate. It is shown that when the rock pores contain hydrates and a partially unfrozen aqueous solution of NaCl and THF, the electrical resistivity is determined by the high resistivity of the solution and increases with the formation of hydrate. The presence of THF hydrate in the experimental samples increased their resistivity by 180–320 Ohm·m at a temperature of about 0 °C. After the formation of hydrate and freezing of residual water, the resistivity of the sample is stabilized at 70–80 Ohm·m at a temperature of -15 °C.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Women’s Entrepreneurship: Towards a More Adequate Theory of “Work”
Authors: Johnstone-Louis Mary 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT:Programs aimed at increasing women’s entrepreneurship are a rapidly proliferating class of CSR initiatives across the globe with participation by many of the world’s largest corporations. The gendered nature of this phenomenon suggests that feminist approaches to CSR may offer a particularly salient mode of their analysis. In this article, I argue that insights from feminist economics regarding the historically prevalent—but narrow and gendered—definition of work, which artificially separates production from reproduction, provide fruitful tools for theory building when conceptualizing gender through the lens of CSR. I demonstrate that the gendered separation of production and reproduction is typicallytaken as givenin entrepreneurship, and that mainstream CSR research has not sufficiently challenged this perspective. I present a conceptual framework of what is to be gained by examining the CSR, entrepreneurship, and feminist economics literatures in combination, and demonstrate how researchers might use this framework for future research.