bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High‐resolution phylogenetic analysis of Endomicrobia reveals multiple acquisitions of endosymbiotic lineages by termite gut flagellates
Authors: Mikaelyan Aram , Thompson Claire L. , Meuser Katja , Zheng Hao , Rani Pinki , Plarre Rudy , Brune Andreas 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBacteria of the class Endomicrobia form a deep‐branching clade in the Elusimicrobia phylum. They are found almost exclusively in the intestinal tract of animals and are particularly abundant in many termites, where they reside as intracellular symbionts in the cellulolytic gut flagellates. Although small populations of putatively free‐living lineages have been detected in faunated and flagellate‐free hosts, the evolutionary origin of the endosymbionts is obscured by the limited amount of phylogenetic information provided by the 16S rRNA gene fragment amplified with Endomicrobia‐specific primers. Here, we present a robust phylogenetic framework based on the near‐full‐length 16S–23S rRNA gene region of a diverse set of Endomicrobia from termites and cockroaches, which also allowed us to classify the shorter reads from previous studies. Our data revealed that endosymbionts arose independently at least four times from different free‐living lineages, which were already present in ancestral cockroaches but became associated with their respective hosts long after the digestive symbiosis between termites and flagellates had been established. Pyrotag sequencing revealed that the proportion of putatively free‐living lineages increased, when all flagellates and their symbionts were removed from the gut of lower termites by starvation, starch feeding or hyperbaric oxygen, but results varied between different methods.
First detection of etoxazole resistance in Australian two‐spotted mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acarina: Tetranychidae) via bioassay and DNA methods
Authors: Herron Grant A , Woolley Lauren K , Langfield Kate L , Chen Yizhou 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEtoxazole is used in Australia to control mites on a range of crops including pome fruit and cotton. Although resistance has been widely reported elsewhere, it has not previously been detected in Australia. Here, we report the first detection of etoxazole resistance (>12 500 fold) in Australian two‐spotted mite Tetranychus urticae from pome fruit via both bioassay and DNA methods. It is envisaged that the DNA‐based method developed here can be used to monitor etoxazole resistance in T. urticae.
Human Rights Beyond Humanitarianism: The Radical Challenge to the Right to Asylum in the Mediterranean Zone
Authors: Sciurba Alessandra , Furri Filippo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis article argues for a new centrality of the right to asylum within the Mediterranean zone and the necessity to defend and implement this right beyond the “humanitarian regime”. The first section describes the ways in which humanitarianism's logic has weakened the right to asylum through the implementation of specific EU migration policies since 2013. The second section focuses on the distinction between such a humanitarian regime and the human rights system, assessing the possibility of and necessity for a renewed defense of human rights, starting with the right to asylum. The third section focuses on the Charter of Lampedusa, a radical, alternative normative instrument developed through a grassroots process which involved activists and migrant rights groups and which represents a concrete illustration of how the horizon of human rights might be redefined.
Hijacking the Narrative: The First World Forum on Natural Capital, #natcap13, and Radical Dissent
Authors: Matulis Brett S. , Moyer Jessica R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe first World Forum on Natural Capital (WFNC) was an important moment in the production of “valued” nature. It brought together bankers, CEOs, and business elites to promote financialized environmental accounting as a solution to ecosystem degradation. Anti‐capitalist activists, however, opposed the further intrusion of economic logic to environmental decision‐making and resisted its progression. While WFNC organizers were able to advance the concept of “natural capital” through traditional (print and web 1.0) media, they struggled to control the social media narrative. Digital activists were able to challenge the official narrative on Twitter and compel organizers to address the associated social and environmental justice concerns. As such, social media produced the conditions for both abstracting nature into value‐bearing commodities and, simultaneously, resisting such abstraction. Drawing on theories of counterpublic organization, public spheres of deliberation, and agonistic confrontation, this paper explores the discursive co‐production of nature in a new digitally mediated world.
Video‐assisted segmental resection of an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst mimicking a middle mediastinal cystic tumor
Authors: Takeichi Haruka , Yamada Shunsuke , Nakamura Yusuke , Tajiri Takuma , Iwazaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe report a case of an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst that radiologically mimicked a cystic tumor of the middle mediastinum. During video‐assisted thoracoscopic surgery, the lesion was confirmed to be in the lung parenchyma rather than in the mediastinum. A video‐assisted thoracoscopic anterior basal segmentectomy was eventually performed, and an intrapulmonary bronchogenic cyst was the diagnosis based on histology.
A Stochastic Film Grain Model for Resolution‐Independent Rendering
Authors: Newson A. , Delon J. , Galerne B. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe realistic synthesis and rendering of film grain is a crucial goal for many amateur and professional photographers and film‐makers whose artistic works require the authentic feel of analogue photography. The objective of this work is to propose an algorithm that reproduces the visual aspect of film grain texture on any digital image. Previous approaches to this problem either propose unrealistic models or simply blend scanned images of film grain with the digital image, in which case the result is inevitably limited by the quality and resolution of the initial scan. In this work, we introduce a stochastic model to approximate the physical reality of film grain, and propose a resolution‐free rendering algorithm to simulate realistic film grain for any digital input image. By varying the parameters of this model, we can achieve a wide range of grain types. We demonstrate this by comparing our results with film grain examples from dedicated software, and show that our rendering results closely resemble these real film emulsions. In addition to realistic grain rendering, our resolution‐free algorithm allows for any desired zoom factor, even down to the scale of the microscopic grains themselves.
Practical Path Guiding for Efficient Light‐Transport Simulation
Authors: Müller Thomas , Gross Markus , Novák Jan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWe present a robust, unbiased technique for intelligent light‐path construction in path‐tracing algorithms. Inspired by existing path‐guiding algorithms, our method learns an approximate representation of the scene's spatio‐directional radiance field in an unbiased and iterative manner. To that end, we propose an adaptive spatio‐directional hybrid data structure, referred to as SD‐tree, for storing and sampling incident radiance. The SD‐tree consists of an upper part—a binary tree that partitions the 3D spatial domain of the light field—and a lower part—a quadtree that partitions the 2D directional domain. We further present a principled way to automatically budget training and rendering computations to minimize the variance of the final image. Our method does not require tuning hyperparameters, although we allow limiting the memory footprint of the SD‐tree. The aforementioned properties, its ease of implementation, and its stable performance make our method compatible with production environments. We demonstrate the merits of our method on scenes with difficult visibility, detailed geometry, and complex specular‐glossy light transport, achieving better performance than previous state‐of‐the‐art algorithms.
Fiber‐Level On‐the‐Fly Procedural Textiles
Authors: Luan Fujun , Zhao Shuang , Bala Kavita 
Published: July 2017

AbstractProcedural textile models are compact, easy to edit, and can achieve state‐of‐the‐art realism with fiber‐level details. However, these complex models generally need to be fully instantiated (aka. realized) into 3D volumes or fiber meshes and stored in memory, We introduce a novel realization‐minimizing technique that enables physically based rendering of procedural textiles, without the need of full model realizations. The key ingredients of our technique are new data structures and search algorithms that look up regular and flyaway fibers on the fly, efficiently and consistently. Our technique works with compact fiber‐level procedural yarn models in their exact form with no approximation imposed. In practice, our method can render very large models that are practically unrenderable using existing methods, while using considerably less memory (60–200× less) and achieving good performance.
Radiosensibilisierung durch BRAF Inhibitoren
Authors: Strobel Sophia Boyoung , Pätzold Sylvie , Zimmer Lisa , Jensen Alexandra , Enk Alexander , Hassel Jessica Cecile 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungHintergrundIn der letzten Zeit wurden in der Literatur vermehrt erhöhte Hauttoxizitäten während einer Kombinationstherapie mit BRAF Inhibitoren und Radiotherapie beschrieben.Material und MethodikWir berichten über sieben Melanompatienten in einem nicht resezierbaren Stadium III oder IV, die eine kombinierte Behandlung aus Bestrahlung und BRAF‐Inhibitor erhielten.ErgebnisseBei allen Patienten konnte durch die Kombinationstherapie ein gutes lokales Ansprechen erreicht werden. Nur bei zwei Patienten wurde eine schwere Radiodermatitis (CTCAE Grad 3 bzw. 4) beobachtet. Bei diesen Patienten, die beide Vemurafenib erhielten, trat die Radiodermatitis nach ein bzw. zwei Wochen auf und resultierte in einer Unterbrechung der BRAF‐Inhibitor Behandlung.. Die kumulative Dosis bis zum Zeitpunkt der Strahlendermatitis betrug 10 Gy bzw. 35 Gy. Bei allen anderen Vemurafenibpatienten konnten nur milde Reaktionen im Sinne einer Radiodermatitis CTCAE Grad 2, beim Dabrafenibpatienten CTCAE Grade 1 diagnostiziert werden. Bei einem Patienten wurde eine Recalldermatitis nach 14 Tagen einer beendeten Strahlentherapie mit einer kumulativen Dosis von 30 Gy diagnostiziert.SchlussfolgerungenSchwere Toxizitätsreaktionen der Haut unter einer BRAF‐Inhibitionen treten nicht häufig auf und sind meistens gut therapierbar. Deshalb sollte die Kombinationstherapie bei aggressiv wachsenden Melanomen eine Therapieoption bleiben. Obwohl ein erhöhtes Risiko der Hauttoxizität unter einer Kombinationstherapie von Radiatio und BRAF‐Inhibitoren besteht, wird diese von den meisten Patienten gut toleriert. Sequenzielle Therapie anstelle von gleichzeitiger Behandlung scheint die Toxizitätreaktionen nicht zu verhindern.
Agronomic biofortification of cereals with zinc: a review
Authors: Cakmak I. , Kutman U. B. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryZinc (Zn) still represents an important health problem in developing countries, caused mainly by inadequate dietary intake. A large consumption of cereal‐based foods with small concentrations and low bioavailability of Zn is the major reason behind this problem. Modern cultivars of cereals have inherently very small concentrations of Zn and cannot meet the human need for Zn. Today, up to 50% of wheat‐cultivated soil globally is considered poor in bioavailable Zn. Agricultural strategies that are used to improve the nutritional value of crop plants are known as biofortification strategies. They include genetic biofortification, which is based on classical plant breeding and genetic engineering for larger nutrient concentrations, and greater agronomic biofortification, which is based on optimized fertilizer applications. This review focuses on agronomic biofortification with Zn, which has proved to be very effective for wheat and also other cereal crops including rice. Molecular and genetic research into Zn uptake, transport and grain deposition in cereals are critically important for identifying ‘bottlenecks’ in the biofortification of food crops with Zn. Transgenic plants with large Zn concentrations in seeds are often tested under controlled laboratory or glasshouse conditions with sufficient available Zn in the growth medium for the entire growth period. However, they might not always show the same performance under ‘real‐world’ conditions with limited chemical availability of Zn and various stress factors such as drought. What purpose can an upgraded transport and storage system serve if the amount of goods to be transported and stored is limited anyway? Given the fact that the Zn concentrations required to achieve a measurable impact on human health are well above those required to avoid any loss of yield from Zn deficiency, providing crop plants with sufficient Zn through the soil and foliar fertilizer strategy under field conditions is critically important for biofortification efforts.Highlights
Zinc malnutrition is a major global health issue associated with cereal‐based diets.
Agronomic biofortification with Zn aims to provide edible parts of crop plants with sufficient Zn.
Biofortification with Zn fertilizers, particularly foliar applications, works well for wheat and other cereals.
Agronomic biofortification with Zn provides a practical and cost‐effective option to tackle the global Zn malnutrition problem.
Variations of leaf longevity in tropical moist forests predicted by a trait‐driven carbon optimality model
Authors: Xu Xiangtao , Medvigy David , Joseph Wright Stuart , Kitajima Kaoru , Wu Jin , Albert Loren P. , Martins Giordane A. , Saleska Scott R. , Pacala Stephen W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeaf longevity (LL) varies more than 20‐fold in tropical evergreen forests, but it remains unclear how to capture these variations using predictive models. Current theories of LL that are based on carbon optimisation principles are challenging to quantitatively assess because of uncertainty across species in the ‘ageing rate:’ the rate at which leaf photosynthetic capacity declines with age. Here, we present a meta‐analysis of 49 species across temperate and tropical biomes, demonstrating that the ageing rate of photosynthetic capacity is positively correlated with the mass‐based carboxylation rate of mature leaves. We assess an improved trait‐driven carbon optimality model with in situLL data for 105 species in two Panamanian forests. We show that our model explains over 40% of the cross‐species variation in LL under contrasting light environment. Collectively, our results reveal how variation in LL emerges from carbon optimisation constrained by both leaf structural traits and abiotic environment.
Netrin‐1 and multiple sclerosis: a new biomarker for neuroinflammation?
Authors: Mulero P. , Córdova C. , Hernández M. , Martín R. , Gutiérrez B. , Muñoz J. C. , Redondo N. , Gallardo I. , Téllez N. , Nieto M. L. 
Published: July 2017

Background and purposeNetrin‐1, an axon guidance protein, reduces serum levels of pro‐inflammatory mediators and stabilizes the blood−brain barrier limiting the entrance of immune cells into the central nervous system. The aim was to investigate its presence in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model and in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with and without clinical activity.MethodsNetrin‐1 levels were evaluated in EAE mouse tissues. Afterwards, serum netrin‐1 was cross‐sectionally quantified in 90 patients with different MS phenotypes and 30 control subjects. An additional group of 10 relapsing−remitting MS (RRMS) patients was longitudinally evaluated throughout a relapse (RRMSr) with an interval of 60 days. Tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), a reference inflammatory cytokine, and netrin‐1 were quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsExperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis mice showed significantly lower netrin‐1 levels and higher TNFα amounts in sera, spinal cord and cerebella than healthy control mice. MS patients showed significantly lower serum netrin‐1 levels than controls (511.62 ± 209.30 and 748.32 ± 103.24 pg/ml, respectively; P ≤ 0.005). The lowest protein levels were found in RRMSr, remaining significantly lower throughout the relapse. TNFα serum concentrations were higher in MS patients compared to controls, and negatively correlated with netrin‐1 levels (r = −0.3734, P ≤ 0.0001).ConclusionsNetrin‐1 decreased in EAE and in MS patients, mainly during relapse, suggesting an anti‐inflammatory role of netrin‐1. Further research should be performed in a larger cohort of patients to validate netrin‐1 as a biomarker of MS inflammatory activity.
Correlation of CD4 counts with clinical and histopathological findings in disseminated histoplasmosis: a 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Sirait Sondang P. , Bramono Kusmarinah , Hermanto Nathalia 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundDisseminated cutaneous histoplasmosis (DCH) is one of the manifestations of systemic histoplasmosis infection in HIV‐positive patients. Interaction between host immune status and histoplasmosis infection is still poorly understood. It is thought that immune status, represented by CD4 counts, may be correlated with clinical and histopathological findings.ObjectiveTo correlate the CD4 counts with the different clinical and histopathological findings in cutaneous histoplasmosis.MethodsThis was a serial case report of seven HAART‐treated HIV positive patients with disseminated histoplasmosis observed within the period of January 2004 through December 2014 from the Dermatology and Venereology Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. The patients came with different complaints and clinical findings. CD4 counts were recorded prior to lesion biopsy.ResultsThe CD4 counts were independent from clinical morphology and distribution of lesions. Lower CD4 counts were associated with the presence of intraepidermal yeast‐like cells, whereas there is the ability of forming granulomas at higher CD4 counts.ConclusionCD4 count correlates to histopathological findings of cutaneous histoplasmosis.
The nature of the therapeutic alliance between nurses and consumers with Anorexia Nervosa in the inpatient setting: A mixed‐methods study
Authors: Zugai Joel S. , Stein‐Parbury Jane , Roche Michael 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo develop a greater understanding of the nature of the inpatient therapeutic alliance between nurses and consumers with Anorexia Nervosa (AN).BackgroundConsumers with AN value interpersonal relationships with nurses, finding these relationships meaningful and therapeutic. It is established that the therapeutic alliance enhances outcomes for consumers with AN. However, establishing the therapeutic alliance in the inpatient setting is considered challenging.DesignThis study employed a two‐phase mixed‐method explanatory sequential design. An initial quantitative survey, phase one, was followed by the collection and analysis of qualitative data, phase two.MethodsPhase one employed validated survey instruments, measuring the perceived degree of therapeutic alliance and elements of ward milieu. Phase two involved semi‐structured interviews that focused on therapeutic relationships between nurses and consumers, with specific exploration of the results from phase one. Data collection commenced May 2014 and concluded February 2015.ResultsThe therapeutic alliance involved interpersonal engagement and a balanced application of authority. In a therapeutic alliance, nurses cared for consumers with interpersonal finesse, whilst maintaining clear distinction between the consumer as an individual and AN as an illness. Nurses also developed a therapeutic alliance by occupying their position of power with consistent yet individualised expectations and by maintaining appropriate professional boundaries.ConclusionsThe therapeutic alliance between nurses and consumers with AN is not developed through negotiation of equal partners. Rather, the therapeutic alliance is dependent on nurses' capacity to maintain their position of power, whilst demonstrating their trustworthiness to the consumer. In trusting nurses, consumers felt safer in investing in a new concept of well‐being.Relevance to Clinical PracticeBy understanding the nature of the therapeutic alliance as it is described in this study, nurses have an enhanced capacity to develop effective therapeutic alliances with consumers. A maternalistic nursing style emerged as a viable approach.
A qualitative study of factors in nurses' and physicians' decision‐making related to family presence during resuscitation
Authors: Twibell Renee , Siela Debra , Riwitis Cheryl , Neal Alexis , Waters Nicole 
Published: July 2017

Aims and objectivesTo explore the similarities and differences in factors that influence nurses' and physicians' decision‐making related to family presence during resuscitation.BackgroundDespite the growing acceptance of family presence during resuscitation worldwide, healthcare professionals continue to debate the risks and benefits of family presence. As many hospitals lack a policy to guide family presence during resuscitation, decisions are negotiated by resuscitation teams, families and patients in crisis situations. Research has not clarified the factors that influence the decision‐making processes of nurses and physicians related to inviting family presence. This is the first study to elicit written data from healthcare professionals to explicate factors in decision‐making about family presence.DesignQualitative exploratory‐descriptive.MethodsConvenience samples of registered nurses (n = 325) and acute care physicians (n = 193) from a Midwestern hospital in the United States of America handwrote responses to open‐ended questions about family presence. Through thematic analysis, decision‐making factors for physicians and nurses were identified and compared.ResultsPhysicians and nurses evaluated three similar factors and four differing factors when deciding to invite family presence during resuscitation. Furthermore, nurses and physicians weighted the factors differently. Physicians weighted most heavily the family's potential to disrupt life‐saving efforts and compromise patient care and then the family's knowledge about resuscitations. Nurses heavily weighted the potential for the family to be traumatised, the potential for the family to disrupt the resuscitation, and possible family benefit.ConclusionsNurses and physicians considered both similar and different factors when deciding to invite family presence. Physicians focused on the patient primarily, while nurses focused on the patient, family and resuscitation team.Relevance to clinical practiceKnowledge of factors that influence the decision‐making of interprofessional colleagues can improve collaboration and communication in crisis events of family presence during resuscitation.