bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deposition time effects on structure and corrosion resistance of duplex MAO/Al coatings on AZ31B Mg alloy
Authors: Cui Xue-Jun , Zhang Ying-Jun , Dou Bao-Jie , Zeng Xian-Guang , Lin Xiu-Zhou 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to investigate the effects of deposition time on the structure and anti-corrosion properties of a micro-arc oxidation (MAO)/Al coating on AZ31B Mg alloy.

Design/methodology/approach
The study describes the fabrication of the coating via a combined process of MAO with multi-arc ion plating. The structure, composition and corrosion resistance of the coatings were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and electrochemical methods.

Findings
The Al-layer is tightly deposited with a good mechanical interlock along the rough interface due to the Al diffusion. However, the Al layer reduces the anti-corrosion of MAO-coated Mg alloy because of structural defects such as droplets and cavities, which act as channels for corrosive media infiltration towards the substrate. Fortunately, the Al layer improves the substrate corrosion resistance owing to its passive behaviour, and the corrosion resistance can be enhanced with increasing deposition time. All results indicate that a buffer layer fabricated through the duplex process improves the interfacial compatibility between the hard coating and soft Mg alloys.

Originality/value
An MAO/Al duplex coating was fabricated via a combined process of MAO and physical vapour deposition. MAO/Al duplex coatings exhibit obviously passive behaviours on AZ31 Mg alloy. The structure and corrosion resistance of MAO/Al coatings were investigated.
Failure analysis of coated galvanized steel panels
Authors: Ul-Hamid Anwar , Saricimen Huseyin , Quddus Abdul , Al-Hems Luai M. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper was to determine the mode and cause of failure of polyester-coated galvanized corrugated steel sheets that exhibited degradation of the coating after seven months into service.

Design/methodology/approach
Visual inspection and light microscopy revealed the extent of damage exhibited by the panels. Standard metallographic techniques were used to prepare samples obtained from both unused and failed sections. Light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction techniques were used to study the surface morphology, microstructural features, elemental composition and structure of the samples.

Findings
The failure occurred in the form of delamination and blistering of coated layer. Presence of solar radiation, humidity and water retention resulted in loss of adhesion, leading to coating delamination and flaking especially at the top surface. The coating at the bottom surface of the panels showed evidence of blistering caused by water vapor differential that existed between the environment and the coating because of prolonged (four months) wet conditions that existed at the manufacturer’s site during storage.

Practical implications
It is recommended that the coated panels are stored in covered area where direct exposure to atmospheric conditions can be prevented. If open storage is unavoidable, then the use of tarpaulin or plastic sheet as covering and vapor-phase inhibitors was recommended.

Originality/value
This paper provides an account of failure analysis of metal sheet panels. It identifies the mode and cause of failure and also provides recommendations to avoid such occurrences in the future. The information contained in this paper is useful for plant engineers and project managers working in the metal sheet industry.
A novel fixing method for Mg-based specimens used in the in-vitro immersion test
Authors: Tan Cui , Zhou Juncen , Li Qing 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to predict the in-vivo degradation behaviour of Mg-based implants through in-vitro immersion test.Design/methodology/approachA novel placement mode arming to mimic the in-vivo situation was investigated in this work. Specimens were mounted on bones and then immersed in dynamic Hank’s solution.FindingsThe degradation behaviour of the specimen’s two sides is unequal. The bottom side which clings to the bone was isolated from solution in the early stage. During the late immersion period, there was crevice corrosion appearing on the bottom side. Weight loss and mechanical properties of specimens were also affected by the placement mode.Research limitations/implicationsPlacement mode reported here have guiding significance for degradation behaviour of bio-implants in the clinical study.Social implicationsPlacement mode reported here have guiding significance for degradation behaviour of bio-implants in the clinical study.Originality/valueA novel placement mode arming to mimic the in-vivo situation was investigated in this work, which was better fit the actualin vivoimmersion situation.
Applying a transportation rating system to advance sustainability evaluation, planning and partnerships
Authors: Barrella Elise , Lineburg Kelsey , Hurley Peter 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe a pilot application of the Sustainable Transportation Analysis & Rating System (STARS), and highlight how a sustainability rating system can be used to promote sustainable urban development through a university–city partnership. STARS is an example of a second-generation “green” rating system focused on transportation planning, design, operations and maintenance.

Design/methodology/approach
In Fall 2013, James Madison University (JMU) initiated a STARS pilot demonstration using a local corridor that connects the university and the city of Harrisonburg. The pilot’s purposes were to develop attainable transportation-development targets, evaluate infrastructure and programmatic options in the context of a credit-based system and demonstrate a decision-making framework centered on sustainability optimization. The paper provides an overview of the STARS framework and the pilot’s collaborations, analysis, findings and recommendations for credits across sustainability dimensions.

Findings
Upon applying the rating system, the research team found that STARS may initially be easier to integrate into a comprehensive transportation planning process than a corridor-level evaluation due to data needs, in-house expertise and planning timelines for campus and city developments. A campus-wide master plan based on STARS would enable a university and a city to apply sustainability principles to their physical and/or policy interfaces to systemically create change and achieve quantifiable targets.

Originality/value
The STARS framework provides a novel approach for integrating multiple stakeholders (faculty, the university and city staff, students and community members) in a process of capacity building, evaluating options, policy-making, implementation and performance monitoring. The JMU pilot is the first application of STARS at a university and the only US East Coast application to date.
Assessment of undergraduate students’ environmental stewardship reasoning and knowledge
Authors: Hartman Christie-Joy Brodrick , DeMars Christine E. , Griscom Heather Peckham , Butner Harold Martin 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to present a public university’s design and implementation of an assessment approach that measures the change in undergraduate students’ environmental stewardship reasoning and knowledge abilities over time.

Design/methodology/approach
In support of a university’s strategic emphasis on environmental stewardship, members of a university committee developed environmental stewardship learning outcomes for undergraduate students. The learning outcomes were not required in specific academic courses or in general education. Subsequently, volunteers from a variety of roles, in cooperation with committee members, developed a corresponding assessment test that focused on reasoning and knowledge. The instrument was revised between Spring 2011 and Spring 2014, and its validity was evaluated. An exploratory analysis of student learning over time was conducted using 22 items shared by different test forms.

Findings
A series of implementations and revisions resulted in a 50-question test, the Environmental Stewardship Reasoning and Knowledge Assessment (ESRKA), which showed good reliability (0.83). A comparative analysis provided evidence of the validity of the instrument. Results from a small sample of students showed that second-year students generally performed better on the 22 items than incoming first-year students. Those taking the assessment as second-year students, 18 months after their initial assessment, scored significantly higher on the 22 items by about 10.4 percentage points (0.61 standard deviation units, t68 = 6.23, p < 0.0001).

Research limitations/implications
Because of the small sample size and revision of the items, the analysis of student learning is only exploratory.

Originality/value
The learning outcomes and validated assessment instrument may be used either in whole or part by other institutions. The approach to measure changes in students’ environmental stewardship reasoning and knowledge abilities as cohorts over time could assist universities in tracking environmental stewardship learning and could inform strategic implementation of learning opportunities through the curriculum, as well as through other student learning experiences.
Using role-playing games to broaden engineering education
Authors: McConville Jennifer R. , Rauch Sebastien , Helgegren Ida , Kain Jaan-Henrik 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
In today’s complex society, there is an increasing demand to include a wider set of skills in engineering curricula, especially skills related to policy, society and sustainable development. Role-playing and gaming are active learning tools, which are useful for learning relationships between technology and society, problem solving in complex situations and communication. However, use of these learning methods in higher education, and in engineering particularly, is limited. The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of a role-playing game for learning about complexities related to sustainable water and sanitation management within a civil engineering curriculum.

Design/methodology/approach
The game has been used during three consecutive years in a Masters’ level course. Surveys and course evaluations were used to evaluate the effectiveness of this method from both teacher and student perspectives.

Findings
The results show that students gained knowledge on complex subjects, and both teachers and students had positive experiences. Better integration of the game within the rest of the course could strengthen its effectiveness.

Originality/value
The experiences gained from this study should assist others in the development and use of such active learning techniques in higher education.
An auto-photographic study of undergraduate students’ conceptions of ocean sustainability
Authors: Lin Chi-I , Li Yuh-Yuh 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate students’ understandings of ocean sustainability and the pedagogical influence of higher education on those conceptions.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptions of ocean sustainability of 54 university students of various academic disciplines enrolled in the 2014/2015 semester course “Sustainable Oceans” were assessed through use of auto-photography. Data were collected at the beginning and end of the course. Inter-rater reliability was measured by percentage of identical coding outcomes by two coders.FindingsAuto-photography is effective in assessing notions of sustainability. Social and economic dimensions were captured less frequently than environmental aspects in the students’ photographs. Overall, students demonstrated vague perceptual awareness about who should take responsibility concerning lifeworld-related issues. Also, their perceptions were affected by their choice of academic discipline. Engaging students in inter-/transdisciplinary learning, integrating the arts, science and community, helped develop a more balanced, action-motivated conception of sustainability. Post-test patterns of change in students’ vision and action were observed.Practical implicationsImplementing sustainability education in a university’s coordinating bodies is effective in constructing a campus-based learning network, and participation in local community empowerment promotes a substantial and multidimensional concept of sustainability, and teaching material that includes content from the fine arts, literature or music stimulates students’ awareness of, and sensitivity to, lifeworld issues.Originality/valueThis paper provides an innovative, auto-photography-based methodology, including an operational procedure, coding book and method of analysis, for assessing students’ conceptions of sustainability. It also develops an interdisciplinary course that serves a “threshold” intervention role in ocean sustainability education.
Waste pickers in the informal economy of the Global South: included or excluded?
Authors: Coletto Diego , Bisschop Lieselot 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the role and practices of informal waste pickers and the implications for waste management policy in urban contexts of the Global South.

Design/methodology/approach
Qualitative case studies were used, including interviews, observations and document analyses. The authors compared informal waste management in two cities of the Global South: Accra (Ghana) and Porto Alegre (Brazil).

Findings
The analysis points out that informal waste pickers play a crucial role in the implementation of waste policies in both cities, despite differing economic, social and institutional contexts. The study of the waste management system also points to multiple connections between informal and formal parts of the economy. Although the informal waste pickers are integral to the waste management systems, their economically disadvantaged position excludes them from the formal labour market. Faced with these challenges, they develop creative solutions to guarantee their livelihood and gain more effective collective voice.

Research limitations/implications
The comparison of two case studies, conducted about the same social phenomenon in two different economic, institutional and social contexts, has limited generalisability but is theoretically and practically important.

Practical implications
The findings are relevant to policy-makers who deal with urban waste management and for organisations who develop support actions for informal workers.

Originality/value
The authors draw on a comparison of qualitative case studies to explore the multidimensionality of the waste picker’s phenomenon. This paper sparks discussion among scholars and experts who study the informal economy from different perspectives, in this case bridging insights from sociology and victimology.
Why do Swedes use less cash-for-childcare than Norwegians?
Authors: Höppner Julia 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the rather large difference in the take-up of the cash-for-childcare (CFC) benefit between Norway and Sweden.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative approach is employed, including the analysis of descriptive statistics of data on parents’ attitudes concerning the distribution of paid work and care and a robust regression analysis of data on parents’ behaviour regarding the distribution of paid work and care.FindingsThe results show that attitudes regarding childcare and mothers’ and fathers’ employment differ in the two countries. Swedish parents support public childcare and a gender equal employment distribution more than Norwegians. Thereby, attitudinal differences explain why Norwegian parents use the benefit more frequently. The findings indicate that in Sweden, parents’ socioeconomic background affects the duration of public childcare to a lesser extent than in Norway. Nevertheless, the economic incentives of the CFC benefit are more attractive for families with lower socioeconomic status. This explains why Swedes respond less to the incentives of the CFC benefit than Norwegians.Originality/valueWhile previous research has focussed on the effect of policies on the take-up of the CFC benefit, this study shows that parents’ attitudes and behaviour are important explanatory variables to explain differences in the take-up of the benefit.
Virtual reference librarians (Chatbots)
Authors: Vincze Joseph 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explore integrating chatbot applications into libraries to improve reference services.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper explores the benefits of using chatbots as virtual reference librarians. Emma the Mentor Public Library’s Catbot is used as a case study.

Findings
Chatbots cannot replicate the complexity of human interaction (both knowledge and emotional), but these can provide a cost-effective way to answer the majority of routine reference questions and direct users to the appropriate service.

Originality/value
Readers will increase their awareness of how chatbots can streamline the work of the reference department by answering the majority of routine reference questions and freeing library staff to focus on more demanding research and tasks uniquely suited to humans.
Virtual and augmented reality in libraries and the education sector
Authors: Oyelude Adetoun A. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are technologies gaining more ground, and their uses in libraries and for educational purposes are expanding.

Design/methodology/approach
Ethical and legal issues in the use of VR and AR are bound to arise in future if the technology is used for less-than-laudable functions.

Findings
For now, the Western world uses both technologies more, even though it is free and, in some cases, less expensive than before now.

Originality/value
It superimposes a computer-generated image on a user’s view of the real world, providing a composite view. Both technologies aim to make the user feel a sense of being there and experiencing what is being viewed in real time.
Emerging information standards and technologies: cataloging and metadata professionals’ perspectives
Authors: Park Jung ran , Tosaka Yuji 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to report on the survey results relating to the current experience of cataloging and metadata professionals with emerging information standards and technologies, as well as the state of professional training and existing barriers to continuing education (CE) in these emerging areas.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper presents a quantitative analysis of the data collected in the online survey, supplemented with a qualitative analysis of some open-ended responses.

Findings
There was a wide interest in leveraging emerging Semantic Web and Linked Data approaches. Training activities on newer information standards and technologies were reported by more than half of the respondents. The survey data suggested the importance of increasing field-wide collaborations and institution- or organization-level support for professional development. Improving the discoverability of relevant CE resources and programs was also considered to be the key, as were affordability and the ability to incorporate ongoing learning into everyday practice.

Originality/value
There are currently no comprehensive studies or benchmarked data on how the existing CE system meets the needs of cataloging and metadata professionals. This study establishes a baseline for an understanding of their ongoing professional development preferences and requirements relating to new information standards and technologies.
The role of the marketing strategy process in the innovativeness-performance relationship of SMEs
Authors: Finoti Lucas , Didonet Simone Regina , Toaldo Ana Maria , Martins Tomás Sparano 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of the marketing strategy process in the relationship between innovativeness and organizational performance in SMEs.Design/methodology/approachThe partial least squares-structural equation modeling technique was used to analyze data from Brazilian SMEs that belong to the software sector. Innovativeness was considered as a cultural aspect of the firm, which is related to being open to new ideas. The marketing strategy process was analyzed considering its two dimensions, i.e., formulation and implementation of marketing strategies. Organizational performance included variables of market, financial and innovation performance.FindingsThe results show that innovativeness positively influences organizational performance through the marketing strategy process. Specifically, the formulation of marketing strategies mediates the relationship between innovativeness and organizational performance. Implementation by itself does not mediate this relationship. When considering the path formulation→implementation as mediator, the influence is positive, i.e., formulation positively influences the implementation of marketing strategies and this path mediates the relationship between innovativeness and organizational performance. Therefore, the mediating role is stronger when considering the formulation-implementation path than when taking into account the activities of the formulation and implementation of marketing strategies separately.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by discussing how innovativeness influences SMEs’ performance through subsequent stages of the marketing strategy process. This is one of the first studies to consider activities in the marketing strategy process as a mediator in the innovativeness-performance relationship and explore its sequence.