bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Famille et population en Chine du XVIe au XVIIIe siècle à la lumière d'un ouvrage récent de Liu Ts'ui-Jung
Authors: Cartier Michel 
Published: January 2016

Taking as its starting point the huge sample of 260.000 people born in China between the 13th and the 19th century used by Liu Ts'ui-Jung in her récent study on Lineage population, our study aims at assessing the premodern demographic evolution of China. Inasmuch the method of family reconstruction actually limited the scope of the her book, Liu Ts'ui-Jung was not able to go beyond the description of a specific demographic regime defined by three elements : 1) universal marriage ; 2) a moderate level of masculine fertility ; and 3) a life expectation at 15 comprised between 30 and 40. Thèse conditions would not allow the constitution of many extended households, whereas the annual rate of growth would be somewhere around 1 %, a situation having little in common with the présent day "population explosion".
Using data included in the book, but not considered for the démonstration, we have been able to establish a dramatical deterioration of the mortality pattern from the middle of the 18th century onwards. Accordingly, the proportion of widows increases whereas fertility declines. These new findings shed a new light on the history of the Chinese population which would be characterized with a long period of growth followed by a crisis generated by a surge of the mortality rate.
Suivre le chemin des nouveaux immigrés dans la ville : le cas de Châtelet de 1867 à 1900
Authors: Eggerickx Thierry , Foulon Michel , Poulain Michel 
Published: January 2016

If mobility in space is a démographie phenomenon still little known for the XIXth century, this is all the more true as concerns migration within the same town. Yet the phenomenon is important is important both in numbers and so as to be able to account for spatial segregation and social mobility within urban populations. In this paper, we have followed the movements of a thousand new immigrants coming from the country between 1867 and 1872 in the town of Châtelent and the industrial area of Charleroi.
First, where do the immigrants go when they arrive in the town ? By carving up the town into districts, we have noticed that two types of neighbourhoods concentrate the most neweomers : intra muros neighbourhoods with a very dense and mobile population and extra muros neighbourhoods near the coal extraction sites. In all cases, the historical centre of the town, circled off by ancient fortifications, is abandoned. Furthermore, it appears that about half of the immigrants remains less than two years in their first lodgings in Châtelet, while one out of five stays for ten or more years.
In following the migrations of these immigrants over three decades until the 1900 census, it can be ascertained that some two thirds left the town- the most often for another industrial township. Among the others remaining in the town, one out of five stayed in the same neighbourhood, even on the same street, two out of five changed neighbourhoods and the two others died. Of the 604 interior migrations of the immigrants over the three decades under observation, 23% took place on the same street, 21% were to another street of the same neighbourhood and 56% to another neighbourhood altogether. In all cases, the "peripheral" districts near the expanding coal-mines draw the most immigrants, spurred on by certain "informed" investors who hastily build row houses to absorb the town's demographic expansion.
EUV FLICKERING OF SOLAR CORONAL LOOPS: A NEW DIAGNOSTIC OF CORONAL HEATING
Authors: Tajfirouze E. , Reale F. , Peres G. , Testa P. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT
A previous work of ours found the best agreement between EUV light curves observed in an active region core (with evidence of super-hot plasma) and those predicted from a model with a random combination of many pulse-heated strands with a power-law energy distribution. We extend that work by including spatially resolved strand modeling and by studying the evolution of emission along the loops in the EUV 94 Å and 335 Å channels of the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory. Using the best parameters of the previous work as the input of the present one, we find that the amplitude of the random fluctuations driven by the random heat pulses increases from the bottom to the top of the loop in the 94 Å channel and from the top to the bottom in the 335 Å channel. This prediction is confirmed by the observation of a set of aligned neighboring pixels along a bright arc of an active region core. Maps of pixel fluctuations may therefore provide easy diagnostics of nanoflaring regions.
Les femmes séquestrées par lettres de cachet dans la généralité de Rouen au xviii e siècle
Authors: Wauters Éric 
Published: January 2016

De 1730 à 1789 dans la généralité de Rouen, de plus en plus souvent et dans des milieux sociaux de plus en plus larges, des époux, des pères ou des frères demandent au roi l’enfermement d’une épouse, d’une fille ou d’une sœur. 300 enquêtes sont ainsi menées par les subdélégués de l’intendant sur des accusations de « débordements », de « libertinage » ou de fugue. Cet article propose d’analyser ce que « disent » ces femmes de leurs vies et de leurs désirs, et ce qu’en comprennent (ou pas) les hommes contemporains, des médecins aux administrateurs en charge de faire respecter l’ordre des familles.
Comment reconnaître un agent double ? Arthur Danto et la (dé)définition de l’art
Authors: Cometti Jean-Pierre 
Published: January 2016

La philosophie de l’art de Danto se réclame expressément d’une conception à la fois historiciste et essentialiste ; elle se concentre sur la question des « indiscernables ». Le pop art, avec Warhol, joue à cet égard le rôle d’un experimentum crucis . Le présent essai s’efforce de mettre en lumière la complexité et les ambiguïtés des analyses et des positions défendues par Danto, en proposant une interprétation de l’« indiscernabilité » qui prend à revers les démarcations postulées. On y soutient l’idée d’un continuum qui en constitue en réalité l’arrière-plan à la fois culturel et économique.
La porte étroite : les musulmans dans la République
Authors: Bistolfi Robert 
Published: January 2016

En quelques décennies, une « communauté » musulmane s’est constituée en composante significative, très diverse, active et visible, de la société française. Cette modification du paysage culturel est intervenue à un moment où le pays était fragilisé par une double crise : crise d’un projet social hérité de la Résistance et des Trente Glorieuses, aujourd’hui miné par la mondialisation économique libérale ; crise aussi d’une Union européenne qui s’affichait porteuse d’idéaux mais a été incapable de dessiner un avenir autre que conforme aux exigences d’un marché sans entraves. En l’absence d’un nouveau projet social et sociétal réellement égalitaire, qui serait apte à intégrer avec un minimum de conflits ses diversités, le pays voit maintenant toutes ses composantes dangereusement taraudées par des inquiétudes identitaires que des acteurs divers exploitent. Jugée contestable en raison de certains usages, notamment à la droite et à l’extrême droite de l’échiquier politique, avec l’idée d’une menace musulmane globale au plan intérieur, la notion d’« insécurité culturelle » caractérise assez bien, pourtant, cette période où chacun s’interroge sur l’avenir qui sera le sien : à une crainte du déclassement largement présente, s’ajoutent des blessures touchant aux liens d’appartenance symbolique. Ces diverses fragilités ne sont pas propres à la société majoritaire ; elles traversent et structurent aussi les mouvances minoritaires. Les affronter simultanément, en réduisant les instrumentalisations de l’identité, est sans doute un enjeu politique central de la période.
La transversalité politique de l’islamophobie : analyse de quelques ressorts historiques et idéologiques
Authors: Mohammed Marwan 
Published: January 2016

Les musulmans - ou présumés tels - de France suscitent un rejet important et transpartisan au sein de la société, alors même que le rejet de l’Autre constitue généralement un facteur très clivant politiquement. Pour saisir cette transversalité politique, il faut éviter de s’enfermer dans l’idée que « la France est islamophobe » ou que l’islamophobie s’appuie sur des ressorts communs à gauche comme à droite. On interroge ici plus précisément la pluralité des cadres idéologiques et symboliques rendant possible une adhérence aussi large à l’islamophobie.
Technologie et transformation des services bancaires : l’exemple de TechnoVision de Capgemini
Authors: Cichowlas André 
Published: January 2016

Le secteur bancaire se trouve à une importante croisée des chemins, suite à la menace grandissante de rupture et de désintermédiation engendrée par des acteurs non traditionnels, notamment les entreprises FinTech et de nouvelles banques plus souples. Les innovations rapides et les avancées technologiques ont fait de la technologie une pierre angulaire dans la différenciation concurrentielle et l’entretien d’une croissance profitable et durable en fournissant une expérience client et une efficacité opérationnelle supérieures. Ces changements obligent les banques à placer la technologie au centre de leur identité et de leurs stratégies commerciales pour réussir leur transformation numérique. Il faut désormais la placer au premier plan de l’entreprise. TechnoVision fournit aux directions des systèmes d’information et aux experts en technologie des banques une structure claire et des éléments constitutifs permettant de remodeler leurs entreprises pour réussir dans cette époque de mutation accélérée. Elle fournit également quelques pistes aux responsables des métiers desdites banques pour mieux tirer parti de la technologie dans leur transformation. Classification JEL : G21, L10, L86.
La tarification et le big data : quelles opportunités ?
Authors: Boyer Jean-Marc 
Published: January 2016

Data scientist a été déclaré le travail le plus « sexy » du xxi e siècle par la Harvard Business Review . En quoi l’exploitation des données de masse peut-elle révolutionner les services financiers et leurs tarifications ? Quels sont les freins au déploiement du big data et quelles sont les pressions ? En dépit de nombreuses limites en France, des opportunités apparaissent, qu’il faut saisir aujourd’hui. Classification JEL : G20, L11, L86, L96.
Les moyens de paiement, quelle innovation ?
Authors: Forel Jean-Yves 
Published: January 2016

Après une longue période de stabilité, le monde des paiements doit s’adapter pour accompagner les tendances de consommation actuelles dans un contexte d’effervescence d’innovations et de renforcement de la concurrence. Pour répondre à ces défis, comment identifier les conditions pour réussir une innovation dans les paiements dans une logique de création de valeur ajoutée et de différenciation ? La porosité croissante entre le physique et le digital impose de nouveaux parcours de paiements pour coller aux besoins des consommateurs et des créanciers. Les banques répondent donc par de nombreuses initiatives afin de réussir cette mutation et d’adapter les systèmes et les infrastructures pour rester les acteurs centraux de ce métier et éviter une désintermédiation destructrice de valeur pour leur écosystème. Classification JEL : E42, G20, O33.
Bitcoin pour remplacer les devises ?
Authors: Velde François R. 
Published: January 2016

Les monnaies digitales peuvent-elles remplacer les devises ? Un examen détaillé du protocole Bitcoin montre que cette prouesse conceptuelle et technique est encore loin de pouvoir jouer le rôle de monnaie, mais qu’elle a suscité des innovations dans la technologie financière qui pourraient avoir une grande portée dans les systèmes de paiement. Classification JEL : E42, G20, L86, O33.
Institutions financières et cybercriminalité
Authors: Fernandez-Bollo Édouard 
Published: January 2016

Si les cyberattaques n’ont eu jusqu’à présent qu’une incidence limitée sur le secteur financier français, elles représentent néanmoins une menace sérieuse pour les établissements bancaires et les organismes d’assurance en termes de sécurité des systèmes d’information, de continuité d’activité et de protection des données. L’émergence de ces nouveaux risques suscite une attention élevée de la part des superviseurs. La réglementation sur le contrôle interne et sur la gestion du risque opérationnel constitue le socle des dispositifs de prévention mis en place, qui doivent s’accompagner du développement d’une veille proactive permettant de repérer l’évolution des menaces et de définir les moyens de se protéger. Les axes de progrès prioritaires identifiés par l’ACPR (Autorité de contrôle prudentiel et de résolution) concernent la gestion des droits d’accès et les outils de détection des intrusions dans le système d’information. La coopération entre tous les acteurs, publics et privés, apparaît en outre primordiale, tant pour mener des exercices de place et tester la robustesse des entreprises que pour améliorer l’identification des menaces par des échanges d’informations accrus. L’action du superviseur doit enfin s’inscrire dans un cadre européen et international afin de garantir la coordination des initiatives. Classification JEL : G21, G28.
Walter Benjamin sur le haschisch
Authors: Kaltenbeck Franz 
Published: January 2016

Aucun escapisme n’a motivé Walter Benjamin à prendre du haschisch. Il n’appréciait pas non plus le cannabis pour ses effets antidépresseurs. En lui procurant du bonheur, le haschisch était plutôt son « fil d’Ariane » grâce auquel il pouvait explorer le labyrinthe de la réalité inaccessible au sujet sobre. Aussi compare-t-il l’ivresse produite par le haschisch à la prose dont l’écriture permettrait de dévider ce fil pour se retrouver dans le labyrinthe permettant de régresser vers l’enfance.
Retinopathy of Prematurity Versus Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy: Report on Clinical and Angiographic Findings
Authors: John Vishak J. , McClintic Jedediah I. , Hess Ditte J. , Berrocal Audina M. 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) are classified as distinct diseases; however, emerging genetic research and fluoresce-in angiographic evidence suggest a margin of overlap between the two.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This was an institutional review board-approved, retrospective case series. A literature review was performed, and medical records of all pediatric patients who underwent examination under anesthesia and laser for FEVR at the Bascom Palmer Eye Institute Pediatric Retina Service by one of the authors (AMB) from Jan. 1, 2006, to June 30, 2013, were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTS:
Nine infants born prematurely had fluorescein angiograms and a clinical course most consistent with FEVR. Angiographic findings included irregular sprouts of vascularization at the vascular/ avascular junction, distinct pruning of vessels, pinpoint areas of hyperfluorescence, and segmental areas of vascular leakage.

CONCLUSION:
The authors propose a classification of ROPER (ROP vs. FEVR) to more accurately stratify these patients. Identification of this subset of patients will allow for sustained surveillance of infants with ROPER who demonstrate a continuing risk of disease activity.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2016;47:14–19.]
Effect of Visual Impairment on Teleretinal Imaging for Diabetic Retinopathy Screening
Authors: Rico-Sergado Laura , Pérez-Canales Jose L. , Pérez-Santonja Juan J. 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
To evaluate the effect of decreased visual acuity on image quality obtained by non-mydriatic retinal photography in diabetic subjects.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
This case-control study comprised 422 eyes (211 cases with ungradable images after non-mydriatic retinal photography, and 211 controls). All subjects underwent complete ophthalmic examination. The association between ungradable image rate and several eye factors, such as corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), astigmatism, and cataracts, was evaluated using a generalized estimating equations model.

RESULTS:

Visual impairment (Snellen CDVA worse than 20/40) was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of ungradable images. The odds ratio (OR) for this association was 7.79 (95% CI, 4.19–14.50;
P
< .0001). This relationship remained significant in the multivariable model (OR: 5.23; 95% CI, 2.82–9.71;
P
< .0001). Similarly, refractive error worse than −6.0 diopters (D) SE or +5.0 D SE was associated with increased risk of ungradable scans, with an OR of 13.21 (95% CI, 2.61–66.77;
P
= .002).

CONCLUSION:
Decreased visual acuity may be a predictor of inaccurate image analysis in subjects screened for diabetic retinopathy by non-mydriatic retinal photography.

[
Ocular Surg Lasers Retina Imaging
. 2016;47:42–48.]
Use of Handheld Intraoperative Spectral-Domain Optical Coherence Tomography in a Variety of Vitreoretinal Diseases
Authors: Branchini Lauren A. , Gurley Kiersten , Duker Jay S. , Reichel Elias 
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
The use of intraoperative optical coherence tomography (iOCT) has been described with a variety of imaging devices and techniques. The purpose of this investigation is to examine the role of iVue (Optovue, Fremont, CA), a commercially available, handheld spectral-domain iOCT system, in vitreoretinal surgery.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
For this retrospective, observational case series, patients who underwent a vitreoretinal surgical procedure and were imaged with the iVue were identified. Images were qualitatively assessed.

RESULTS:
Five cases were identified, including an examination under anesthesia, epiretinal membrane, macular hole, retinal detachment, and non-clearing vitreous hemorrhage in the setting of proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

CONCLUSION:
Clinically useful images were obtained in all cases, though it was difficult to center the scan on the area of interest in the retina. Further work is necessary to improve system design and investigate the ways in which iOCT can aid in vitreoretinal surgery.

[Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2016;47:49–54.]
Ultrasonography Versus Chest Radiography After Chest Tube Removal for the Detection of Pneumothorax
Authors: Saucier Sandra , Motyka Carrie , Killu Keith 
Published: January 2016

Background
Bedside ultrasound technology is an innovative, cost-effective, safe, and reproducible method used to make efficient decisions that directly affect the care of critical care patients.

Purpose
To validate the use of ultrasound technology when compared with the use of standard chest radiography for the detection of pneumothorax following chest tube removal.

Methods
A prospective observational comparison study of 50 cardiothoracic patients with surgically placed pleural chest tubes was conducted. The accuracy of bedside ultrasound technology was compared with standard chest radiography to detect pneumothorax.

Results
The sample κ statistic was 1.000, indicating a perfect agreement between bedside ultrasonography and chest radiography in the detection of pneumothorax. Completion of the bedside ultrasound procedure took significantly less time than chest radiography.

Conclusions
Bedside ultrasound technology is as accurate as chest radiography in detecting pneumothorax following chest tube removal and can save institutions’ time and money.
Opioid Tapering in Children
Authors: Fisher Deborah 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
To synthesize and critically analyze literature related to pediatric opioid withdrawal.

Design
Critical review of literature related to pediatric opioid tapering and withdrawal.

Methods
Studies published in peer-reviewed journals were systematically searched using Cochrane, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsychINFO. Articles meeting the inclusion criteria were reviewed and analyzed for themes and similarities.

Findings
The majority of published research has focused on the episodic nature of withdrawal symptoms during opioid tapering. Only 1 study produced a valid and reliable pediatric opioid withdrawal symptom assessment–instrument and 1 study produced a valid and reliable pediatric opioid and benzodiazepine symptom assessment instrument. One study conducted in an adult and pediatric population analyzed the effect of the use of an opioid taper algorithm on occurrence and nature of opioid withdrawal symptoms.

Conclusions
The scope of research on pediatric opioid withdrawal is limited. Studies examining the effect of an opioid taper algorithm on incidence of withdrawal symptoms in children are sorely needed. Further validation of the 2 withdrawal assessment tools for children is warranted.
Comparison of Blood Glucose Management Strategies to Achieve Control Following Cardiac Surgery (Computerized Versus Paper)
Authors: Halpin Linda , Henry Linda , Dunning Elizabeth , Hunt Sharon , Barnett Scott , White Janice , Ad Niv 
Published: January 2016

Introduction
Blood glucose control can be time-consuming and difficult to achieve. We hypothesized that a computerized system to obtain glucose control would enable faster “time to target” and produce less variability in blood glucose levels.

Methods
Patients who underwent cardiac surgery at a community hospital between January and December 2007 (n = 1131) with glucose control obtained under a paper protocol were compared with similar patients operated on between January and December 2008 (n = 769) whose glucose control was obtained with a computer-driven protocol.

Results
Glucose control was achieved in both groups. The computer group had less variability in glucose levels than the paper group. The mean time to target for the computer group was 3.5 (±1.3) hours. The time to target for the paper group was quite skewed; therefore, the median time to target was 6 hours.

Conclusions
The computer-driven protocol achieved excellent glycemic control.
A Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercially Available Dentin Desensitizers on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resins: An in vitro Study
Authors: Patil Shruti , Shetty Prajna 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe dentin desensitizers available for in-office application for prevention and/or treatment of post restorative dentinal hypersensitivity, act by blocking the open dentinal tubules. In doing so, they may influence the bond strength of the restorative resins. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of desensitizers on the shear bond strength of dentin adhesives and to check the extent of dentinal tubule occlusion caused by these desensitizers.Materials and MethodsSixty-four premolars were randomly divided into four groups of sixteen each. The middle depth dentin was exposed by on the buccal surface and was etched using 37% phosphoric acid and rinsed. They were assigned to, Group 1: Gluma desensitizer, Group 2: Vivasens desensitizer, Group 3: Gluma Comfort Bond and desensitizer, and Group 4: Adper Single Bond 2. Composite resin post of 2 mm in height and width were built on these specimens. The samples were then mounted in acrylic resin blocks. Universal testing machine was used to test the shear bond strength. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey's test.ResultsThe mean values of the shear bond strength were for: Group 1—18.61 ± 1.03 MPa, Group 2—17.53 ± 1.36 MPa, Group 3—22.63 ± 1.61 MPa and Group 4—23.12 ± 1.02 MPa. There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) among the groups.ConclusionThe use of dentin desensitizers’ influences bond strength between the tooth and the adhesive. Among the various agents, the single bottle system containing Gluma comfort bond and desensitizer had the best adhesion among the desensitizer groups.How to cite this articlePatil S, Naik B, Shetty P. A Comparative Evaluation of Three Commercially Available Dentin Desensitizers on the Shear Bond Strength of Composite Resins: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(2):65-68.