bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ossifications in Albright Hereditary Osteodystrophy: Role of Genotype, Inheritance, Sex, Age, Hormonal Status, and BMI
Authors: Salemi Parissa , Skalamera Olson Julie M , Dickson Lauren E , Germain-Lee Emily L 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Context
Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in GNAS. Depending on the parental origin of the mutated allele, patients develop either pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A (PHP1A), with multihormone resistance and severe obesity, or pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP), without hormonal abnormalities or marked obesity. Subcutaneous ossifications (SCOs) are a source of substantial morbidity in both PHP1A and PPHP.

Objective
This study investigated the previously undetermined prevalence of SCO formation in PHP1A vs PPHP as well as possible correlations with genotype, sex, age, hormonal resistance, and body mass index (BMI).

Design
This study evaluated patients with AHO for SCOs by physical examination performed by one consistent physician over 16 years.

Setting
Albright Clinic, Kennedy Krieger Institute; Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins Hospital; Albright Center, Connecticut Children’s Medical Center.

Patients
We evaluated 67 patients with AHO (49 with PHP1A, 18 with PPHP) with documented mutations in GNAS.

Main Outcome Measures
Relationships of SCOs to genotype, sex, age, hormonal resistance, and BMI.

Results
Forty-seven of 67 participants (70.1%) had SCOs. Patients with PHP1A and PPHP had similar prevalences and degrees of ossification formation. Patients with frameshift and nonsense mutations had much more extensive SCOs than those with missense mutations. Males were affected more than females. There was no correlation with hormonal status or BMI.

Conclusions
There is a similar prevalence of SCOs in PHP1A and PPHP, and the extent of SCO formation correlates with the severity of the mutation. Males are affected more extensively than females, and the SCOs tend to worsen with age.
Postoperative Outcomes in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Comparative Studies
Authors: Nagappa Mahesh , Ho George , Patra Jayadeep , Wong Jean , Singh Mandeep , Kaw Roop , Cheng Davy , Chung Frances 
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common comorbidity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery and may predispose patients to postoperative complications. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to determine the evidence of postoperative complications associated with OSA patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

METHODS:
A literature search of Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Medline, Medline In-process, Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL until October 2016 was performed. The search was constrained to studies in adult cardiac surgical patients with diagnosed or suspected OSA. All included studies must report at least 1 postoperative complication. The primary outcome is major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) up to 30 days after surgery, which includes death from all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction, myocardial injury, nonfatal cardiac arrest, revascularization process, pulmonary embolism, deep venous thrombosis, newly documented postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF), stroke, and congestive heart failure. Secondary outcome is newly documented POAF. The other exploratory outcomes include the following: (1) postoperative tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation; (2) infection and/or sepsis; (3) unplanned intensive care unit (ICU) admission; and (4) duration of stay in hospital and ICU. Meta-analysis and meta- regression were conducted using Cochrane Review Manager 5.3 (Cochrane, London, UK) and OpenBUGS v3.0, respectively.

RESULTS:
Eleven comparative studies were included (n = 1801 patients; OSA versus non-OSA: 688 vs 1113, respectively). MACCEs were 33.3% higher odds in OSA versus non-OSA patients (OSA versus non-OSA: 31% vs 10.6%; odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.38–4.2; P = .002). The odds of newly documented POAF (OSA versus non-OSA: 31% vs 21%; OR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.13–3.33; P = .02) was higher in OSA compared to non-OSA. Even though the postoperative tracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation (OSA versus non-OSA: 13% vs 5.4%; OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 1.03–6.89; P = .04) were significantly higher in OSA patients, the length of ICU stay and hospital stay were not significantly prolonged in patients with OSA compared to non-OSA. The majority of OSA patients were not treated with continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Meta-regression and sensitivity analysis of the subgroups did not impact the OR of postoperative complications for OSA versus non-OSA groups.

CONCLUSIONS:
Our meta-analysis demonstrates that after cardiac surgery, MACCEs and newly documented POAF were 33.3% and 18.1% higher odds in OSA versus non-OSA patients, respectively.
DETERMINATION OF ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY OF SELECTED BOROXINES
Authors: Marasović Maja , Roščić Antonio , Galić Borivoj , Miloš Mladen 
Published: October 2017

Our previous in vitro and in vivo studies on standard tumor cell lines: mammary adenocarcinoma 4T1, melanoma B16F10, and squamous cell carcinoma SCCVII have demonstrated that dipotassium-trioxohydroxytetrafluorotriborate, K2[B3O3F4OH], affects the growth of cancer cells. Based on indicative results of its anticancer activity, that are comparable to the standard cytostatic 5-fluorouracil, we decided to analyze the antioxidant capacity of K2[B3O3F4OH]. In our research, we include two other simpler representatives of the boroxine family compounds: trimethoxyboroxine and trimethylboroxine, which are commercially available. The study objective is to explore the possibility of similar behavior within the same class of boron compounds, that is, to examine the activity of K2[B3O3F4OH] compared to simpler representatives of the same family of compounds. On the one hand, K2[B3O3F4OH], theoretically has the ability to exchange electrons in the extinction of reactive radicals, since two boron atoms are sp3-hybridized and use electrons from the inner shell. On the other hand, trimethoxyboroxine, and trimethylboroxine, in theory, should not exchange electrons. However, recent studies indicate the potential for the boron atom to act like carbon and participate in the exchange of protons. The study used the standard laboratory method of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) antioxidant assay. The selected boroxines were treated with a DPPH radical at a temperature of 35° C in various concentrations, and with a reaction time of one hour. Results of the DPPH test show an extremely weak antioxidant capacity exists for all investigated boroxines. When K2[B3O3F4OH] was tested at high concentrations, instead of decreased color in the DPPH radicals, there was an increase in absorbance readings, which could mean that this compound acts as a pro-oxidant at higher concentrations. Future research is recommended to examine the length of reaction times needed, and whether a change in the reaction conditions would boost the antioxidant capacity of K2[B3O3F4OH]. Finally, future research could test the hypothesis that K2[B3O3F4OH], in the absence of the expected antioxidant activity, acts as a pro-oxidant.
CUSTOMER ENGAGEMENT WITH A BRAND IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL MEDIA
Authors: Hofman-Kohlmeyer Magdalena 
Published: October 2017

Nowadays, a strong brand is one of the most valuable assets of a company. In order to obtain this asset, the growing ranks of enterprises decide to include social media in their marketing strategy. Social media gives the possibility to have customers highly engaged with a brand. The present article is aimed to give an outlook on the process of building customer engagement in a brand throughout social media. The presented approach is based on a literature review.INTRODUCTION: The meaning of social media in engaging customers is widely acknowledged. In order to building a strong brand and make current customers loyal, the growing ranks of managers decide to include social media in their marketing strategy.OBJECTIVES: The present article is aimed to give a theoretical outlook on engaging a customer with a brand throughout social media.METHODS: To achieve the assumed goals the author presents a literature review.RESULTS: The literature review offers some directives on how to make customer engage with a brand, information on how this process should proceed and information about the profits which can the brand obtain.CONCLUSION: Social media gives an opportunity to make customers highly engaged in a brand. The building of customer engagement throughout social media takes place through the following process: connection, interaction, satisfaction, retention, commitment, advocacy and customer engagement. Social media is also treated as a source of mass communication. One-to-one communication between stakeholders and firm-to-firm communication exert a positive impact on brand trust. In terms of customer-to-customer communication, there are some doubts. The authors also indicated the vital role of content quality and the occurrence of negative conversations on the fan page.
Is the number of new trauma and orthopaedic consultant posts increasing or decreasing?
Authors: Wilson S , Jain NPM , Johnson DS 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Trauma and orthopaedics is a popular surgical specialty in the UK. Recent changes to the National Health Service have suggested an imbalance with fewer jobs yet more trainees. Furthermore, subspecialisation is emerging within all surgical disciplines. The aim of this study was to examine whether there were decreasing numbers of trauma and orthopaedic (T&O) consultant appointments in the UK, and to determine the frequency of subspecialisation. Methods All 51 issues of the British Medical Journal (BMJ) careers supplement from the year 2000 were reviewed as well as the 51 issues from 2010. The number of T&O posts, requested subspecialty interests and the number of posts in other surgical specialties were analysed. Results A total of 481 consultant posts in T&O were advertised in the 102 issues of the careers supplements reviewed. Of these, 281 were advertised in 2000 and 200 in 2010. The mean number of posts per issue was 5.5 in 2000 and 3.9 in 2010. In 2000 orthopaedic posts represented 30.5% of all surgical posts while in 2010 this was 37.8%. Under two-thirds (61.6%) of posts requested a specialty interest in 2000 but this increased to 93% in 2010. The greatest increase in named subspecialty was seen in ‘spine’ (from 4.1% to 19.0%.) while ‘general’ had the greatest decrease (from 38.4% to 7.0%). Conclusions UK consultant posts in T&O are decreasing in frequency. Most advertised posts request a subspecialty interest but registrar training focuses on producing ‘generally’ competent orthopaedic consultants. The onus is therefore on fellowships to develop subspecialty interest. As these are not all educationally approved, reconfiguration of fellowships is likely to be necessary.
Variable life adjusted display methodology for continuous performance monitoring of carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Kuhan G , McCollum DP , Renwick PM , Chetter IC , McCollum PT 
Published: October 2017

Introduction The aim of this study was to use variable life-adjusted display (VLAD) methodology to monitor performance of six vascular surgeons undertaking carotid endarterectomy in a single institution. Materials and methods This was a prospective study with continuous analysis. A risk score model to predict 30-day stroke or death for individual patients was developed from data collected from 839 patients from 1992 to 1999. The model was used to monitor performance of six surgeons from 2000 to 2009. Individual risk factors and 30-day outcomes were analysed and VLAD plots were created for the whole unit and for each surgeon. Results Among the 941 carotid endarterectomies in the performance analysis, 28 adverse events were recorded, giving an overall stroke or death rate of 3.06%. The risk model predicted there would be 33 adverse events. There was no statistical difference between the predicted and the observed adverse events (P > 0.2, χ2 value 1.25, 4 degrees of freedom). The VLAD plot for the whole unit shows an overall net gain in operative performance, although this could have been chance variation. The individual VLAD plot showed that surgeons 1, 2, 3 and 6 to have an overall net gain in the number of successful operations. The changes observed between the surgeons was not significant (P > 0.05) suggesting chance variation only. Conclusions Performance of carotid endarterectomy can be continuously assessed using VLAD methodology for units and individual surgeons. Early identification and correction of performance variation could facilitate improved quality of care.
Analysis of intensive care admissions among paediatric obstructive sleep apnoea referrals
Authors: Sharma SD , Gupta S , Wyatt M , Albert D , Hartley B 
Published: October 2017

Introduction The aim of this study was to identify the proportion of children referred to a paediatric tertiary referral centre who required admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) following surgery for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and to establish risk factors for these admissions. Methods Retrospective review of case notes and the operative database was performed for all children undergoing adenotonsillectomy for sleep disordered breathing and OSA symptoms in Great Ormond Street Hospital over a 10-year period. Results Overall, 1,328 children underwent adenotonsillectomy for sleep disordered breathing and OSA. The mean age was 3.1 years (standard deviation [SD]: 1.7 years). A total of 37 (2.8%) were admitted to the PICU postoperatively (mean length of PICU stay: 1.2 days, standard deviation [SD]: 0.6 days) and 282 (21.2%) required nasopharyngeal airway (nasal prong) insertion intraoperatively. The mean length of stay on the ward following surgery was 1.4 days (SD: 0.8 days). Patients with severe OSA (apnoea–hypopnoea index [AHI] >10) and ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) grade ≥3 were more likely to require postoperative PICU admission (22/37 vs 381/1,291 [p<0.001] and 29/37 vs 660/1,291 [p=0.001] respectively). Severe OSA was also more common in children who required nasal prong insertion intraoperatively (186/282 vs 217/1,046, p<0.001). Conclusions Very few children referred to a paediatric tertiary referral centre actually require PICU admission following surgery. This may be in part due to the use of a nasopharyngeal airway in patients where postoperative obstruction is anticipated. In children with severe OSA (AHI >10) and an ASA grade of ≥3, nasopharyngeal airway insertion and potential admission to the PICU should be considered.
Una reseña a destiempo. Bobbio, N., (1992). El problema de la guerra y las vías de la paz. Barcelona: editorial Gedisa.
Authors: Jiménez Becerra Absalón 
Published: October 2017

El presente texto busca reseñar de manera sistemática y crítica el libro de Norberto Bobbio El problema de la guerra y las vías de la paz, dado a conocer en 1979. El interés hacia el contexto contemporáneo es retomar parte de sus ideas para situarlas como elemento de debate académico en determinadas cátedras que abordan el tema de la democracia, la ciudadanía y la construcción de paz en Colombia. La potencia de su pensamiento se mantiene vigente en momentos en que los intelectuales del país y los sectores críticos de la academia no tienen otro camino sino el democratizar la democracia con base en el respeto a la dignidad, la diferencia, a los derechos humanos y las iniciativas de paz.
ETV6-NTRK3 and STRN-ALK kinase fusions are recurrent events in papillary thyroid cancer of adult population
Authors: Bastos André Uchimura , de Jesus Ana Carolina , Cerutti Janete Maria 
Published: October 2017

Objective
PTC-specific analysis identified novel fusions involving RET, BRAF, NTRK1, NTRK3, AGK and ALK genes in adults and pediatric PTCs. Although many novel fusions are PTC-specific events and, therefore, are ideal for diagnosis purposes, validation across additional and larger patient cohorts is essential for introducing these potential diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers into the clinical practice. As most of the BRAF, NTRK3 and ALK fusions were initially found in pediatric PTC or in more aggressive thyroid carcinomas, and there is a great disparity across population, in this study, we screened a large set of adult-sporadic PTC cases for the most prevalent kinase fusion lately described in the TCGA.

Design and methods
The prevalence of the fusions was determined by RT-PCR in 71 classical PTC, 45 follicular variants of PTC (FVPTC), 19 follicular thyroid adenomas (FTAs) and 22 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs).

Results
ETV6–NTRK3 was exclusively found in FVPTC, in both encapsulated and infiltrative variants, but was not found in FTAs and FTCs. STRN-ALK was found in both classical PTC and FVPTC. No AGK-BRAF fusion was identified in this series, endorsing that AGK–BRAF is a genetic event mainly associated with pediatric PTCs.

Conclusions
The identification of kinase fusions in thyroid carcinomas helps to expand our knowledge about the landscape of oncogenic alterations in PTC. As ETV6–NTRK3 and STRN–ALK are recurrent and not identified in benign lesions, they can certainly help with diagnosis of thyroid nodules. Further analysis is needed to define if they can also be useful for prognosis and guiding therapy.
European Society of Endocrinology Clinical Practice Guidelines for the management of aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas
Authors: Raverot Gerald , Burman Pia , McCormack Ann , Heaney Anthony , Petersenn Stephan , Popovic Vera , Trouillas Jacqueline , Dekkers Olaf M , _ _ 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundPituitary tumours are common and easily treated by surgery or medical treatment in most cases. However, a small subset of pituitary tumours does not respond to standard medical treatment and presents with multiple local recurrences (aggressive pituitary tumours) and in rare occasion with metastases (pituitary carcinoma). The present European Society of Endocrinology (ESE) guideline aims to provide clinical guidance on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up in aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas.MethodsWe decided upfront, while acknowledging that literature on aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas is scarce, to systematically review the literature according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system. The review focused primarily on first- and second-line treatment in aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas. We included 14 single-arm cohort studies (total number of patients = 116) most on temozolomide treatment (n = 11 studies, total number of patients = 106). A positive treatment effect was seen in 47% (95% CI: 36–58%) of temozolomide treated. Data from the recently performed ESE survey on aggressive pituitary tumours and carcinomas (165 patients) were also used as backbone for the guideline.Selected recommendation(i) Patients with aggressive pituitary tumours should be managed by a multidisciplinary expert team. (ii) Histopathological analyses including pituitary hormones and proliferative markers are needed for correct tumour classification. (iii) Temozolomide monotherapy is the first-line chemotherapy for aggressive pituitary tumours and pituitary carcinomas after failure of standard therapies; treatment evaluation after 3 cycles allows identification of responder and non-responder patients. (iv) In patients responding to first-line temozolomide, we suggest continuing treatment for at least 6 months in total. Furthermore, the guideline offers recommendations for patients who recurred after temozolomide treatment, for those who did not respond to temozolomide and for patients with systemic metastasis.
Caenorhabditis elegans BUB-3 and SAN-1/MAD3 Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Components Are Required for Genome Stability in Response to Treatment with Ionizing Radiation
Authors: Bertolini Simone , Wang Bin , Meier Bettina , Hong Ye , Gartner Anton 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Relatively little is known about the cross-talk between the spindle assembly checkpoint and the DNA damage response, especially in multicellular organisms. We performed a Caenorhabditis elegans forward genetic screen to uncover new genes involved in the repair of DNA damage induced by ionizing radiation. We isolated a mutation, gt2000, which confers hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and showed that gt2000 introduces a premature stop in bub-3. BUB-3 is a key component of the spindle assembly checkpoint. We provide evidence that BUB-3 acts during development and in the germline; irradiated bub-3(gt2000) larvae are developmentally retarded and form abnormal vulvae. Moreover, bub-3(gt2000) embryos sired from irradiated worms show increased levels of lethality. Both bub-3 and san-1 (the C. elegans homolog of MAD3) deletion alleles confer hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation, consistent with the notion that the spindle assembly checkpoint pathway is required for the DNA damage response. bub-3(gt2000) is moderately sensitive to the cross-linking drug cisplatin but not to ultraviolet light or methyl methanesulfonate. This is consistent with a role in dealing with DNA double-strand breaks and not with base damage. Double mutant analysis revealed that bub-3 does not act within any of the three major pathways involved in the repair of double-strand breaks. Finally, the cdc-20 gain-of-function mutant cdc-20/fzy-1(av15), which is refractory to the cell cycle delay conferred by the spindle checkpoint, showed phenotypes similar to bub-3 and san-1 mutants. We speculate that BUB-3 is involved in the DNA damage response through regulation of cell cycle timing.
Fisioterapia motora na prevenção e tratamento da osteopenia da prematuridade: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Jandt Sílvia Raquel , Gerzson Laís Rodrigues , Almeida Carla Skilhan de 
Published: October 2017

Introdução: A cada ano, um em cada 10 bebês, em todo o mundo, nasce prematuro os quais são suscetíveis a osteopenia da prematuridade. A osteopenia da prematuridade é caracterizada por alterações de mineralização esquelética decorrentes do deficiente acréscimo do conteúdo mineral ósseo.Objetivo: Revisar na literatura atual os ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre os efeitos da fisioterapia motora nos recém-nascidos prematuros em relação à prevenção e/ou tratamento da osteopenia da prematuridade, bem como, observar quais as técnicas mais utilizadas nessa assistência.Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura, incluindo ensaios clínicos randomizados que utilizaram técnicas de fisioterapia motora como intervenção. Buscou-se nas principais bases de dados (Pubmed, Cochrane Central, Lilacs e PEDro), estudos publicados de 2005 até 2016, utilizando os descritores: “prematuro”, “mineralização óssea”, “fisioterapia”, “osteopenia da prematuridade” e seus equivalentes em inglês.Resultados: Foram incluídos sete estudos e as técnicas utilizadas foram mobilizações passivas nas articulações dos membros superiores e inferiores, com suaves compressões articulares e um protocolo de estimulação tátil-cinestésica, massagem atividade física previne o desequilíbrio entre a formação e absorção da matriz óssea.Conclusão: Embora haja poucos ensaios clínicos randomizados, pode-se observar que a fisioterapia motora utiliza técnicas que são efetivas no ganho de peso, crescimento, massa muscular e na prevenção do desequilíbrio entre a formação e absorção da matriz óssea em prematuros, tendo um papel importante na prevenção e no tratamento da osteopenia da prematuridade.