bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Glucose Tolerance, Insulin Resistance, and Cardiac Diastolic Dysfunction
Authors: Jeong Euy‐Myoung , Chung Jaehoon , Liu Hong , Go Yeongju , Gladstein Scott , Farzaneh‐Far Afshin , Lewandowski E. Douglas , Dudley Samuel C. 
Published: May 2016

Background

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with mitochondrial oxidative stress. We have shown that myocardial oxidative stress leads to diastolic dysfunction in a hypertensive mouse model. Therefore, we hypothesized that diabetes mellitus could cause diastolic dysfunction through mitochondrial oxidative stress and that a mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant (Mito
TEMPO
) could prevent diastolic dysfunction in a diabetic mouse model.

Methods and Results

C57
BL
/6J mice were fed either 60 kcal % fat diet (high‐fat diet [
HFD
]) or normal chow (control) for 8 weeks with or without concurrent Mito
TEMPO
administration, followed by in vivo assessment of diastolic function and ex vivo studies.
HFD
mice developed impaired glucose tolerance compared with the control (serum glucose=495±45 mg/dL versus 236±30 mg/dL at 60 minutes after intraperitoneal glucose injection,
P
<0.05). Myocardial tagged cardiac magnetic resonance imaging showed significantly reduced diastolic circumferential strain (Ecc) rate in the
HFD
mice compared with controls (5.0±0.3 1/s versus 7.4±0.5 1/s,
P
<0.05), indicating diastolic dysfunction in the
HFD
mice. Systolic function was comparable in both groups (left ventricular ejection fraction=66.4±1.4% versus 66.7±1.2%,
P
>0.05). Mito
TEMPO
‐treated
HFD
mice showed significant reduction in mitochondria reactive oxygen species,
S
‐glutathionylation of cardiac myosin binding protein C, and diastolic dysfunction, comparable to the control. The fasting insulin levels of Mito
TEMPO
‐treated
HFD
mice were also comparable to the controls (
P
>0.05).

Conclusions

Mito
TEMPO
treatment prevented insulin resistance and diastolic dysfunction, suggesting that mitochondrial oxidative stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of both conditions.
Detection and Predictive Value of Fractional Anisotropy Changes of the Corticospinal Tract in the Acute Phase of a Stroke
Authors: Doughty Christopher , Wang Jasmine , Feng Wuwei , Hackney David , Pani Ethan , Schlaug Gottfried 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
A decrease in fractional anisotropy (FA) of the ipsilesional corticospinal tract (CST) distal to stroke lesions in the subacute (eg, 30 days) and chronic phase has been correlated with poor motor outcomes, but it is unclear whether FA values obtained within the acute stroke phase (here defined as 80 hours after onset) can predict later outcome.

Methods—
Fifty-eight patients underwent an assessment of motor impairment in the acute phase and at 3 months using the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer assessment. FA values, obtained within 80 hours after stroke onset, were determined in 2 regions of interest: cerebral peduncle and a stretch of the CST caudal to each stroke lesion (nearest-5-slices).

Results—

The FA laterality index for the cerebral peduncle-regions of interest was a poor predictor of 3-month outcome (
R
2
=0.044;
P
=0.137), whereas the slope over the FA laterality index of the nearest-5-slices showed a relatively weak but significant prediction (
R
2
=0.11;
P
=0.022) with the affected side having lower FA values. Initial upper extremity Fugl-Meyer (
R
2
=0.69;
P
<0.001) and the weighted CST lesion load (
R
2
=0.71;
P
<0.001) were strong predictors of 3-month outcome. In multivariate analyses, controlling for initial upper extremity Fugl-Meyer, weighted CST lesion load, and days-of-therapy, neither the FA laterality index of the cerebral peduncle nor the slope over the FA laterality index of the nearest-5-slices significantly contributed to the prediction of 86% of the variance in the upper extremity Fugl-Meyer at 3 months.

Conclusions—
FA reductions of the CST can be detected near the ischemic lesion in the acute stroke phase, but offer minimal predictive value to motor outcomes at 3 months.
Clinical Significance of Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery Vascular Hyperintensities in Borderzone Infarcts
Authors: Kim Si Eun , Lee Byung In , Kim Sung Eun , Shin Kyong Jin , Park JinSe , Park Kang Min , Kim Hyung Chan , Lee Joonwon , Baek Hye Jin , Jin Sung-cheol , Ha Sam Yeol 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery vascular hyperintensities (FVHs) are seen in some cases with cerebral hemodynamic impairment and collateral flow. Because the worst outcomes of patients with borderzone infarcts were mainly correlated with impaired hemodynamics, the presence of FVH might provide another clue for predicting the prognosis of patients with borderzone infarcts.

Methods—
We reviewed 1377 consecutive patients with ischemic stroke. Cortical borderzone (CBZ) and internal borderzone infarcts were selected based on diffusion-weighted imaging. FVHs were defined as tubular- or serpentine-shaped hyperintensities in the subarachnoid space. We investigated the clinical significance of FVHs in borderzone-infarcted patients.

Results—

Among 87 patients with borderzone infarcts, the presence of FVH was observed in 30 (34.5%). We identified 62 patients with CBZ infarcts and 25 patients with internal borderzone infarcts. In the cases with CBZ infarcts, the initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores and the portions of nonfavorable outcome at 3 months in the FVH(+) group were significantly higher than in the FVH(−) group (
P
<0.05 and
P
<0.001, respectively). Unlike the cases with CBZ infarcts, there were no significant differences of these clinical features between the FVH(+) group and the FVH(−) group in the patients with internal borderzone infarcts.

Conclusions—
The findings of FVH are associated with relatively severe clinical presentation and nonfavorable prognosis in patients with CBZ infarcts, but not in patients with internal borderzone infarcts. The presence of FVH may help to identify CBZ-infarcted patients who require close observation and hemodynamic control.
First-Ever Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Incidence and 30-Day Case-Fatality Rates in a Population-Based Study in Argentina
Authors: Bahit M. Cecilia , Coppola Mariano L. , Riccio Patricia M. , Cipriano Lauren E. , Roth Gregory A. , Lopes Renato D. , Feigin Valery L. , Borrego Guerrero Brenda , De Martino Maximiliano , Díaz Alejandro , Ferrante Daniel , Funaro Fernando , Lavados Pablo , Lewin M. Laura , López Daniel H. , Macarrone Patricia , Marciello Rafael , Marino Diego , Martens Cecilia , Martínez Paula , Odriozola Guillermo , Rabinstein Alejandro A. , Saposnik Gustavo , Silva Damián , Suasnabar Ramón , Truelsen Thomas , Uzcudun Araceli , Viviani Carlos A. , Sposato Luciano A. 
Published: May 2016

Background and Purpose—
Epidemiological data about stroke are scarce in low- and middle-income Latin-American countries. We investigated annual incidence of first-ever stroke and transient ischemic attack (TIA) and 30-day case-fatality rates in a population-based setting in Tandil, Argentina.

Methods—
We prospectively identified all first-ever stroke and TIA cases from overlapping sources between January 5, 2013, and April 30, 2015, in Tandil, Argentina. We calculated crude and standardized incidence rates. We estimated 30-day case-fatality rates.

Results—
We identified 334 first-ever strokes and 108 TIAs. Age-standardized incidence rate per 100 000 for Segi’s World population was 76.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 67.8–85.9) for first-ever stroke and 25.1 (95% CI, 20.2–30.7) for first-ever TIA, 56.1 (95% CI, 48.8–64.2) for ischemic stroke, 13.5 (95% CI, 9.9–17.9) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 4.9 (95% CI, 2.7–8.1) for subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke incidence was slightly higher for men (87.8; 95% CI, 74.6–102.6) than for women (73.2; 95% CI, 61.7–86.1) when standardized for the Argentinean population. Thirty-day case-fatality rate was 14.7% (95% CI, 10.8–19.5) for ischemic stroke, 24.1% (95% CI, 14.2–36.6) for intracerebral hemorrhage, and 1.9% (95% CI, 0.4–5.8) for TIA.

Conclusions—
This study provides the first prospective population-based stroke and TIA incidence and case-fatality estimate in Argentina. First-ever stroke incidence was lower than that reported in previous Latin-American studies, but first-ever TIA incidence was higher. Thirty-day case-fatality rates were similar to those of other population-based Latin-American studies.
Multivariate Bias Correction of Climate Model Output: Matching Marginal Distributions and Intervariable Dependence Structure
Authors: Cannon Alex J. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Univariate bias correction algorithms, such as quantile mapping, are used to address systematic biases in climate model output. Intervariable dependence structure (e.g., between different quantities like temperature and precipitation or between sites) is typically ignored, which can have an impact on subsequent calculations that depend on multiple climate variables. A novel multivariate bias correction (MBC) algorithm is introduced as a multidimensional analog of univariate quantile mapping. Two variants are presented. MBCp and MBCr respectively correct Pearson correlation and Spearman rank correlation dependence structure, with marginal distributions in both constrained to match observed distributions via quantile mapping. MBC is demonstrated on two case studies: 1) bivariate bias correction of monthly temperature and precipitation output from a large ensemble of climate models and 2) multivariate correction of vertical humidity and wind profiles, including subsequent calculation of vertically integrated water vapor transport and detection of atmospheric rivers. The energy distance is recommended as an omnibus measure of performance for model selection. As expected, substantial improvements in performance relative to quantile mapping are found in each case. For reference, characteristics of the MBC algorithm are compared against existing bivariate and multivariate bias correction techniques. MBC performs competitively and fills a role as a flexible, general purpose multivariate bias correction algorithm.
Seasonal and Local Solar Time Variation of the Meridional Wind at 95 km from Observations of the 11.072-GHz Ozone Line and the 557.7-nm Oxygen Line
Authors: Rogers Alan E. E. , Erickson Philip J. , Goncharenko Larisa P. , Alam Omar B. , Noto John , Kerr Robert B. , Kapali Sudha 
Published: May 2016

AbstractGround-based spectrometers have been deployed to measure the concentration, velocity, and temperature of ozone in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT), using low-cost satellite television electronics to observe the 11.072-GHz line of ozone. The ozone line was observed at an altitude near 95 km at 38°N, 71°W using three spectrometers located at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s Haystack Observatory (Westford, Massachusetts), Chelmsford High School (Chelmsford, Massachusetts), and Union College (Schenectady, New York), each pointed south at 8° elevation. Observations from 2009 through 2014 were used to derive the nightly averaged seasonal variation of the 95-km altitude meridional wind velocity, as well as the seasonally averaged variation of the meridional wind with local solar time. The results indicate a seasonal trend in which the winds at 95 km are directed southward at about 10 m s−1 in the summer of the Northern Hemisphere and northward at about 10 m s−1 in the winter. Nighttime data from −5 to +5 local solar time show a gradual transition of the meridional wind velocity from about −20 to 20 m s−1. These variations correlate well with nighttime wind measurements using 557.7-nm optical airglow observations from the Millstone Hill high-resolution Fábry–Perot interferometer (FPI) in Westford.
Weather Effects on Social Movements: Evidence from Washington, D.C., and New York City, 1960–95
Authors: Zhang Tony Huiquan 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Scholars have been taking the impact of weather on social movements for granted for some time, despite a lack of supporting empirical evidence. This paper takes the topic more seriously, analyzing more than 7000 social movement events and 36 years of weather records in Washington, D.C., and New York City (1960–95). Here, “good weather” is defined as midrange temperature and little to no precipitation. This paper uses negative binomial regression models to predict the number of social movements per day and finds social movements are more likely to happen on good days than bad, with seasonal patterns controlled for. Results from logistic regression models indicate violence occurs more frequently at social movement events when it is warmer. Most interestingly, the effect of weather is more salient when there are more political opportunities and resources available. This paper discusses the implications and suggests future research on weather and social movement studies.
Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Group Intervention on Acculturation
Authors: Pan Jia-Yan , Ng Petrus , Young Daniel Kim-Wan , Caroline Schoepf 
Published: May 2016

Objective: This study examined the effectiveness of group cognitive behavioral intervention (CBI) in improving mental health and promoting postmigration growth for Mainland university students in Hong Kong. Methods: Thirty-six Mainland students with mild-to-moderate levels of psychological distress have completed a 8-session CBI group. Various mental health measures have been administered at the pre-, post-, and 3-month follow-up tests. Results: The levels of psychological distress, acculturative stress, and negative emotions and negative thoughts of the participants were significantly reduced, while their positive emotions and postmigration growth were significantly increased upon completion of the CBI group. The positive effects were maintained at 3-month follow-up. Conclusions: CBI group appears to be an effective intervention approach for improving the mental health and promoting postmigration growth for Mainland university students in Hong Kong. Implications for social work practices when engaging with Chinese international students were provided.
Incidence, Characteristics, and Implications of Seizures in Patients With Glioblastoma
Authors: Shin John Y. , Kizilbash Sani H. , Robinson Steven , Uhm Joon H. , Jatoi Aminah 
Published: May 2016

Background: Seizures in patients with glioblastoma are associated with worse quality of life. However, their incidence, clinical characteristics, and prognostic implications are less well characterized. Objective: This study was undertaken to provide a contemporary experience along with benchmark data relevant to the above in patients with glioblastoma. It also sought to reexplore improved survival with seizures, as observed by others. Methods: In this single-institution study, patients with glioblastoma from 2010 through 2014 had their medical records reviewed in detail. Results: Among 122 patients, 58 (48%) had a seizure history. Of these, 67% had more than 1, 41% had generalized seizures, and most received antiseizure medication (most commonly levetiracetam). The median survival for patients with seizures was 1.66 years and 0.87 years for those without (hazard ratio for risk of death with seizures: 0.72; 95% confidence interval: 0.43, 1.21; P = .22 by the log-rank test). Conclusion: Seizures are common in patients with glioblastoma and, in contrast to earlier reports, are not associated with a statistically significant improvement in survival.
Level of education and multiple sclerosis risk over a 50-year period: Registry-based sibling study
Authors: Bjørnevik Kjetil , Riise Trond , Benjaminsen Espen , Celius Elisabeth G , Dahl Ole P , Kampman Margitta T , Løken-Amsrud Kristin I , Midgard Rune , Myhr Kjell-Morten , Torkildsen Øivind , Vatne Anita , Grytten Nina 
Published: May 2016

Background: The conflicting results from studies on socioeconomic status (SES) and multiple sclerosis (MS) risk might be due to a change in the distribution of environmental exposures over time or to methodological limitations in previous research. Objective: To examine the association between SES and MS risk during 50 years. Methods: We included patients registered in Norwegian MS registries and prevalence studies born between 1930 and 1979, and identified their siblings and parents using the Norwegian Population Registry. Information on education was retrieved from the National Education Registry, categorized into four levels (primary, secondary, undergraduate and graduate) and compared in patients and siblings using conditional logistic regression. Results: A total of 4494 MS patients and 9193 of their siblings were included in the analyses. Level of education was inversely associated with MS risk ( p trend < 0.001) with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.73 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59–0.90) when comparing the highest and lowest levels. The effect estimates did not vary markedly between participants born before or after the median year of birth (1958), but we observed a significant effect modification by parental education ( p = 0.047). Conclusion: Level of education was inversely associated with MS risk, and the estimates were similar in the earliest and latest birth cohorts.
A randomized controlled trial of very early rehabilitation in speech after stroke
Authors: Godecke Erin , Armstrong Elizabeth A , Rai Tapan , Middleton Sandy , Ciccone Natalie , Whitworth Anne , Rose Miranda , Holland Audrey , Ellery Fiona , Hankey Graeme J , Cadilhac Dominique A , Bernhardt Julie 
Published: May 2016

Rationale The efficacy of rehabilitation therapy for aphasia caused by stroke is uncertain. Aims and hypothesis The Very Early Rehabilitation of Speech (VERSE) trial aims to determine if intensive prescribed aphasia therapy (VERSE) is more effective and cost saving than non-prescribed, intensive (usual care-plus) and non-intensive usual care (UC) therapy when started within 15 days of stroke onset and continued daily over four weeks. We hypothesize that aphasia therapy when started very early after stroke and delivered daily could enhance recovery of communication compared with UC. Sample size estimates A total of 246 participants (82 per arm) will provide 80% power to detect a 4.4% improvement on aphasia quotient between VERSE and UC plus at a significance level of α = 0.05. Setting Acute-care hospitals and accompanying rehabilitation services throughout Australia, 2014–2017. Design Three-arm, prospective, randomized, parallel group, open-label, blinded endpoint assessment (PROBE) trial. Participants Acute stroke in previous 14 days and aphasia diagnosed by aphasia quotient (AQ) of the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB). Randomization Computer-generated blocked randomization procedure stratified by aphasia severity according to Western Aphasia Battery, to one of three arms. Intervention All participants receive UC—usual ward-based aphasia therapy. Arm 1: UC—no additional therapy; Arm 2: UC-plus usual ward-based therapy; Arm 3: VERSE therapy—a prescribed and structured aphasia therapy program. Arms 2 and 3 receive a total of 20 additional sessions (45–60 min, provided daily) of aphasia therapy. The additional intervention must be provided before day 50 post stroke. Study outcome measures The aphasia quotient of Western Aphasia Battery at 12 weeks post stroke. Secondary outcomes include discourse measures, the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 and the Aphasia Depression Rating Scale at 12 and 26 weeks. Economic evaluation Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios at 26 weeks will be reported. Discussion This trial is designed to test whether the intensive and prescribed VERSE intervention is effective in promoting maximum recovery and preventing costly health complications in a vulnerable population of survivors of stroke. It will also provide novel, prospective, aphasia specific cost-effectiveness data to guide future policy development for this population.
Transplantation of Chemically Processed Decellularized Meniscal Allografts
Authors: Gelse Kolja , Körber Ludwig , Schöne Martin , Raum Kay , Koch Peter , Pachowsky Milena , Welsch Götz , Breiter Roman 
Published: May 2016

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the chondroprotective effect of chemically decellularized meniscal allografts transplanted into the knee joints of adult merino sheep. Methods Lateral sheep meniscal allografts were chemically processed by a multistep method to yield acellular, sterile grafts. The grafts were transplanted into the knee joints of sheep that were treated by lateral meniscectomy. Joints treated by meniscectomy only and untreated joints served as controls. The joints were analyzed morphologically 6 and 26 weeks after surgery by the macroscopical and histological OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) score. Additionally, the meniscal grafts were biomechanically tested by cyclic indentation. Results Lateral meniscectomy was associated with significant degenerative changes of the articular cartilage of the lateral joint compartment. Transplanted lateral meniscal allografts retained their integrity during the observation period without inducing significant synovitis or foreign body reactions. Cellular repopulation of the grafts was only present on the surface and the periphery of the lateral meniscus, but was still completely lacking in the center of the grafts at week 26. Transplantation of processed meniscal allografts could not prevent degenerative changes of the articular cartilage in the lateral joint compartment. Compared with healthy menisci, the processed grafts were characterized by a significantly reduced dynamic modulus, which did not improve during the observation period of 26 weeks in vivo. Conclusion Chemically decellularized meniscal allografts proved their biocompatibility and durability without inducing immunogenic reactions. However, insufficient recellularization and inferior stiffness of the grafts hampered chondroprotective effects on the articular cartilage.
Mediastinal mass diagnosed by endobronchial ultrasound as recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma in a post-liver transplantation patient
Authors: Alraiyes Abdul Hamid , Tunsupon Pichapong , Kheir Fayez , Salerno Daniel A 
Published: May 2016

Objective: We presented a rare case of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplant manifested as an isolated mediastinal mass. Methods: A 62-year-old man was referred for evaluation of atypical chest pain and abnormal finding of a computed tomography of the chest. He had history of chronic hepatitis C liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma underwent orthotopic liver transplant as a curative treatment three years earlier. Results: The computed tomography of the chest demonstrated paratracheal mediastinal lymphadenopathy. He subsequently underwent endobronchial ultrasound with transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA). The right paratracheal lymph node station 4R was sampled. Rapid on-site cytology evaluation demonstrated recurrent metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Conclusion: Pulmonologist should be cognizant of diagnostic utility of EBUS-TBNA in this clinical setting as more transplant patients on immunosuppressive medications with enlarged mediastinal lymphadenopathy of unknown origin will be referred for further evaluation.