bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Southern Hemisphere record of global trace‐metal drawdown and orbital modulation of organic‐matter burial across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1138, Kerguelen Plateau)
Authors: Dickson Alexander J. , Saker‐Clark Matthew , Jenkyns Hugh C. , Bottini Cinzia , Erba Elisabetta , Russo Fabio , Gorbanenko Olga , Naafs Bernhard D. A. , Pancost Richard D. , Robinson Stuart A. , van den Boorn Sander H.J.M , Idiz Erdem 
Published: June 2016

AbstractDespite its assumed global nature, there are very few detailed stratigraphic records of the late Cenomanian to the early Turonian Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 from the Southern Hemisphere. A highly resolved record of environmental changes across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary interval is presented from Ocean Drilling Program Site 1138 on the central Kerguelen Plateau (southern Indian Ocean). The new data lead to three key observations. Firstly, detailed biostratigraphy and chemostratigraphy indicate that the record of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 is not complete, with a hiatus spanning the onset of the event. A decrease in glauconite and highly weathered clays after the onset of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 marks the end of the hiatus interval, which can be explained by a relative sea‐level rise that increased sediment accommodation space on the Kerguelen Plateau margin. This change in depositional environment controlled the timing of the delayed peak in organic‐matter burial during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 at Site 1138 compared with other Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 locations worldwide. A second key observation is the presence of cyclic fluctuations in the quantity and composition of organic matter being buried on the central Kerguelen Plateau throughout the latter stages of Oceanic Anoxic Event 2 and the early Turonian. A close correspondence between organic matter, sedimentary elemental compositions and sediments recording sea‐floor oxygenation suggests that the cycles were mainly productivity‐driven phenomena. Available age‐control points constrain the periodicity of the coupled changes in sedimentary parameters to ca 20 to 70 ka, suggesting a link between carbon burial and astronomically forced climatic variations (precession or obliquity) in the Southern Hemisphere mid‐latitudes both during, and after, Oceanic Anoxic Event 2: fluctuations that were superimposed on the impact of global‐scale processes. Finally, trace‐metal data from the black‐shale unit at Site 1138 provide the first evidence from outside of the proto‐North Atlantic region for a global drawdown of seawater trace‐metal (Mo) inventories during Oceanic Anoxic Event 2.
New Insights into the Management of Patients with Autoimmune Diseases or Inflammatory Disorders During Pregnancy
Authors: Tavakolpour Soheil , Rahimzadeh Ghazal 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe treatment of autoimmune diseases remains a serious problem. Current therapies can lead to adverse effects in patients. One of the most vulnerable patient groups is pregnant women. It has been reported that different autoimmune diseases have a certain trend during pregnancy and after delivery which could be explained by maternal immune responses. Better management of pregnant women with autoimmune diseases or inflammatory disorders could be achieved by linking such alterations in immune responses and governed immune responses in different autoimmune disorders while considering various reports of autoimmune conditions during pregnancy. This study considers changing the T helper cells (Th1) and Th2 balance and suggests some new approaches for the better management of autoimmune diseases in pregnant women based on immune responses. Additionally, the possible role of Th17, alterations in some selected autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), atopic dermatitis (AD), asthma and pemphigus during pregnancy, and possible associated mechanisms are discussed.
Renewable Energy Policy Instruments and Market Power
Authors: von der Fehr Nils‐Henrik M. , Ropenus Stephanie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractMarkets for green certificates allow generators with market power to squeeze the margins of their competitors, as a generator that is vertically integrated into network activities might do. We analyze this issue in a stylized electricity industry in which a dominant producer of both conventional and renewable energy is facing a competitive fringe of renewable‐energy producers. We demonstrate that whether or not a dominant firm is vertically integrated into network activities, it can disadvantage the fringe producers by distorting certificates prices, thereby inducing cost inefficiency in the generation of renewable energy. We compare green certificates to a system of feed‐in tariffs, where a similar margin squeeze is not possible.
Direct and Cross Effects of Employment Protection: The Case of Parental Childcare
Authors: Olsson Martin 
Published: June 2016

AbstractI examine whether employment protection affects the willingness of working parents to provide childcare. Using a reform that made it easier for employers to dismiss workers in small firms, I find that softer employment protection reduces the use of temporary parental leave among directly treated fathers. In addition, I find that households respond to an increase in the dismissal risk by reducing temporary parental leave for the indirectly treated spouse. Spousal labor supply can thus serve as informal insurance against adverse income shocks.
Seroepidemiology: an underused tool for designing and monitoring vaccination programmes in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Authors: Cutts Felicity T. , Hanson Matt 
Published: June 2016

SummarySeroepidemiology, the use of data on the prevalence of bio‐markers of infection or vaccination, is a potentially powerful tool to understand the epidemiology of infection before vaccination and to monitor the effectiveness of vaccination programmes. Global and national burden of disease estimates for hepatitis B and rubella are based almost exclusively on serological data. Seroepidemiology has helped in the design of measles, poliomyelitis and rubella elimination programmes, by informing estimates of the required population immunity thresholds for elimination. It contributes to monitoring of these programmes by identifying population immunity gaps and evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination campaigns. Seroepidemiological data have also helped to identify contributing factors to resurgences of diphtheria, Haemophilus Influenzae type B and pertussis. When there is no confounding by antibodies induced by natural infection (as is the case for tetanus and hepatitis B vaccines), seroprevalence data provide a composite picture of vaccination coverage and effectiveness, although they cannot reliably indicate the number of doses of vaccine received. Despite these potential uses, technological, time and cost constraints have limited the widespread application of this tool in low‐income countries. The use of venous blood samples makes it difficult to obtain high participation rates in surveys, but the performance of assays based on less invasive samples such as dried blood spots or oral fluid has varied greatly. Waning antibody levels after vaccination may mean that seroprevalence underestimates immunity. This, together with variation in assay sensitivity and specificity and the common need to take account of antibody induced by natural infection, means that relatively sophisticated statistical analysis of data is required. Nonetheless, advances in assays on minimally invasive samples may enhance the feasibility of including serology in large survey programmes in low‐income countries. In this paper, we review the potential uses of seroepidemiology to improve vaccination policymaking and programme monitoring and discuss what is needed to broaden the use of this tool in low‐ and middle‐income countries.
Towards programmable plant genetic circuits
Authors: Medford June I. , Prasad Ashok 
Published: June 2016

SummarySynthetic biology enables the construction of genetic circuits with predictable gene functions in plants. Detailed quantitative descriptions of the transfer function or input–output function for genetic parts (promoters, 5′ and 3′ untranslated regions, etc.) are collected. These data are then used in computational simulations to determine their robustness and desired properties, thereby enabling the best components to be selected for experimental testing in plants. In addition, the process forms an iterative workflow which allows vast improvement to validated elements with sub‐optimal function. These processes enable computational functions such as digital logic in living plants and follow the pathway of technological advances which took us from vacuum tubes to cell phones.
Elastic Bandaging for Orthopedic- and Sports-Injury Prevention and Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fousekis Konstantinos , Billis Evdokia , Matzaroglou Charalampos , Mylonas Konstantinos , Koutsojannis Constantinos , Tsepis Elias 
Published: June 2016

Context:Elastic bandages are commonly used in sports to treat and prevent sport injuries.Objective:To conduct a systematic review assessing the effectiveness of elastic bandaging in orthopedic- and sports-injury prevention and rehabilitation.Evidence Acquisition:The researchers searched the electronic databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, EMBASE, and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) with keywords elastic bandaging in combination, respectively, with first aid, sports injuries, orthopedic injuries, and sports injuries prevention and rehabilitation. Research studies were selected based on the use of the term elastic bandaging in the abstract. Final selection was made by applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to the full text. Studies were included if they were peer-reviewed clinical trials written in English on the effects of elastic bandaging for orthopedic-injury prevention and rehabilitation.Evidence Synthesis:Twelve studies met the criteria and were included in the final analysis. Data collected included number of participants, condition being treated, treatment used, control group, outcome measures, and results. Studies were critically analyzed using the PEDro scale.Conclusions:The studies in this review fell into 2 categories: studies in athletes (n = 2) and nonathletes (n = 10). All included trials had moderate to high quality, scoring ≥5 on the PEDro scale. The PEDro scores for the studies in athletes and nonathletes ranged from 5 to 6 out of 10 and from 5 to 8 out of 10, respectively. The quality of studies was mixed, ranging from higher- to moderate-quality methodological clinical trials. Overall, elastic bandaging can assist proprioceptive function of knee and ankle joint. Because of the moderate methodological quality and insufficient number of clinical trials, further effects of elastic bandaging could not be confirmed.
Changes in Hamstring Range of Motion After Neurodynamic Sciatic Sliders: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Bonser Robert J. , Hancock Christy L. , Hansberger Bethany L. , Loutsch Rick A. , Stanford Eric K. , Zeigel Alli K. , Baker Russell T. , May James , Nasypany Alan , Cheatham Scott 
Published: June 2016

Clinical Scenario:Hamstring tightness is a common condition leading to dysfunctional or restricted movement that is often treated with stretching. Neurodynamics has been proposed as an alternative to stretching by targeting the neural system rather than muscle tissue.Focused Clinical Question:In an active population, what is the effect of using neurodynamic sliders compared with stretching on traditional measures of range of motion (ROM)?Summary of Key Findings:The authors of a well-designed study found that neurodynamic sliders were more effective than static stretching, while the authors of 2 less-well-designed studies reported no difference with static stretching or that proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching was more effective than neurodynamic sliders.Clinical Bottom Line:Evidence exists to support the use of neurodynamic sliders to increase measures of hamstring ROM in patients who present with limited hamstring flexibility; however, the effectiveness of neurodynamic sliders compared with traditional stretching is inconclusive.Strength of Recommendation:Grade B evidence exists that neurodynamic sliders perform as well as traditional stretching techniques at increasing measures of hamstring ROM in patients with limited hamstring flexibility.
Immediate Effects of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Programs Compared With Passive Stretching Programs for Hamstring Flexibility: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Hill Kristian J. , Robinson Kendall P. , Cuchna Jennifer W. , Hoch Matthew C. 
Published: June 2016

Clinical Scenario:Increasing hamstring flexibility through clinical stretching interventions may be an effective means to prevent hamstring injuries. However the most effective method to increase hamstring flexibility has yet to be determined.Clinical Question:For a healthy individual, are proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) stretching programs more effective in immediately improving hamstring flexibility when compared with static stretching programs?Summary of Key Findings:A thorough literature search returned 195 possible studies; 5 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Current evidence supports the use of PNF stretching or static stretching programs for increasing hamstring flexibility. However, neither program demonstrated superior effectiveness when examining immediate increases in hamstring flexibility.Clinical Bottom Line:There were consistent findings from multiple low-quality studies that indicate there is no difference in the immediate improvements in hamstring flexibility when comparing PNF stretching programs to static stretching programs in physically active adults.Strength of Recommendation:Grade B evidence exists that PNF and static stretching programs equally increase hamstring flexibility immediately following the stretching program.
Prophylactic Efficacy of Quercetin 3-β-
O
-
d
-Glucoside against Ebola Virus Infection
Authors: Qiu Xiangguo , Kroeker Andrea , He Shihua , Kozak Robert , Audet Jonathan , Mbikay Majambu , Chrétien Michel 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Ebola outbreaks occur on a frequent basis, with the 2014-2015 outbreak in West Africa being the largest one ever recorded. This outbreak has resulted in over 11,000 deaths in four African countries and has received international attention and intervention. Although there are currently no approved therapies or vaccines, many promising candidates are undergoing clinical trials, and several have had success in promoting recovery from Ebola. However, these prophylactics and therapeutics have been designed and tested only against the same species of Ebola virus as the one causing the current outbreak. Future outbreaks involving other species would require reformulation and possibly redevelopment. Therefore, a broad-spectrum alternative is highly desirable. We have found that a flavonoid derivative called quercetin 3-β-
O
-
d
-glucoside (Q3G) has the ability to protect mice from Ebola even when given as little as 30 min prior to infection. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that this compound targets the early steps of viral entry. Most promisingly, antiviral activity against two distinct species of Ebola virus was seen. This study serves as a proof of principle that Q3G has potential as a prophylactic against Ebola virus infection.
Multicenter Comparison of the Etest and EUCAST Methods for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida Isolates to Micafungin
Authors: Bougnoux M.-E. , Dannaoui E. , Accoceberry I. , Angoulvant A. , Bailly E. , Botterel F. , Chevrier S. , Chouaki T. , Cornet M. , Dalle F. , Datry A. , Dupuis A. , Fekkar A. , Gangneux J. P. , Guitard J. , Hennequin C. , Le Govic Y. , Le Pape P. , Maubon D. , Ranque S. , Sautour M. , Sendid B. , Chandenier J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn vitrosusceptibility of 933Candidaisolates, from 16 French hospitals, to micafungin was determined using the Etest in each center. All isolates were then sent to a single center for determination of MICs by the EUCAST reference method. Overall essential agreement between the two tests was 98.5% at ±2 log2dilutions and 90.2% at ±1 log2dilutions. Categorical agreement was 98.2%. The Etest is a valuable alternative to EUCAST for the routine determination of micafungin MICs in medical mycology laboratories.
Travelers Can Import Colistin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae, Including Those Possessing the Plasmid-Mediated
mcr-1
Gene
Authors: Bernasconi Odette J. , Kuenzli Esther , Pires João , Tinguely Regula , Carattoli Alessandra , Hatz Christoph , Perreten Vincent , Endimiani Andrea 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Stool samples from 38 travelers returning from India were screened for extended-spectrum cephalosporin- and carbapenem-resistant
Enterobacteriaceae
implementing standard selective plates. Twenty-six (76.3%) people were colonized with CTX-M or DHA producers, but none of the strains was colistin resistant and/or
mcr-1
positive. Nevertheless, using overnight enrichment and CHROMagar Orientation plates supplemented with colistin, four people (10.5%) were found to be colonized with colistin-resistant
Escherichia coli
. One cephalosporin-susceptible sequence type 10 (ST10) strain carried a 4,211-bp IS
Apl1-mcr-1
-IS
Apl1
element in an IncHI2 plasmid backbone.
New Insight into Daptomycin Bioavailability and Localization in Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms by Dynamic Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Boudjemaa Rym , Briandet Romain , Revest Matthieu , Jacqueline Cédric , Caillon Jocelyne , Fontaine-Aupart Marie-Pierre , Steenkeste Karine 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Staphylococcus aureus
is one of the most frequent pathogens responsible for biofilm-associated infections (BAI), and the choice of antibiotics to treat these infections remains a challenge for the medical community. In particular, daptomycin has been reported to fail against implant-associated
S. aureus
infections in clinical practice, while its association with rifampin remains a good candidate for BAI treatment. To improve our understanding of such resistance/tolerance toward daptomycin, we took advantage of the dynamic fluorescence imaging tools (time-lapse imaging and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching [FRAP]) to locally and accurately assess the antibiotic diffusion reaction in methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant
S. aureus
biofilms. To provide a realistic representation of daptomycin action, we optimized an
in vitro
model built on the basis of our recently published
in vivo
mouse model of prosthetic vascular graft infections. We demonstrated that at therapeutic concentrations, daptomycin was inefficient in eradicating biofilms, while the matrix was not a shield to antibiotic diffusion and to its interaction with its bacterial target. In the presence of rifampin, daptomycin was still present in the vicinity of the bacterial cells, allowing prevention of the emergence of rifampin-resistant mutants. Conclusions derived from this study strongly suggest that
S. aureus
biofilm resistance/tolerance toward daptomycin may be more likely to be related to a physiological change involving structural modifications of the membrane, which is a strain-dependent process.
Association between the Presence of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and
In Vitro
Activity of Gentamicin, Tobramycin, Amikacin, and Plazomicin against Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase- and Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacter Species
Authors: Haidar Ghady , Alkroud Ammar , Cheng Shaoji , Churilla Travis M. , Churilla Bryce M. , Shields Ryan K. , Doi Yohei , Clancy Cornelius J. , Nguyen M. Hong 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

We compared the
in vitro
activities of gentamicin (GEN), tobramycin (TOB), amikacin (AMK), and plazomicin (PLZ) against 13
Enterobacter
isolates possessing both
Klebsiella pneumoniae
carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (KPC+/ESBL+) with activity against 8 KPC+/ESBL−, 6 KPC−/ESBL+, and 38 KPC−/ESBL− isolates. The rates of resistance to GEN and TOB were higher for KPC+/ESBL+ (100% for both) than for KPC+/ESBL− (25% and 38%, respectively), KPC−/ESBL+ (50% and 17%, respectively), and KPC−/ESBL− (0% and 3%, respectively) isolates. KPC+/ESBL+ isolates were more likely than others to possess an aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) (100% versus 38%, 67%, and 5%;
P
= 0.007, 0.06, and <0.0001, respectively) or multiple AMEs (100% versus 13%, 33%, and 0%, respectively;
P
< 0.01 for all). KPC+/ESBL+ isolates also had a greater number of AMEs (mean of 4.6 versus 1.5, 0.9, and 0.05, respectively;
P
< 0.01 for all). GEN and TOB MICs were higher against isolates with >1 AME than with ≤1 AME. The presence of at least 2/3 of KPC, SHV, and TEM predicted the presence of AMEs. PLZ MICs against all isolates were ≤4 μg/ml, regardless of KPC/ESBL pattern or the presence of AMEs. In conclusion, GEN and TOB are limited as treatment options against KPC+ and ESBL+
Enterobacter
. PLZ may represent a valuable addition to the antimicrobial armamentarium. A full understanding of AMEs and other aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms will allow clinicians to incorporate PLZ rationally into treatment regimens. The development of molecular assays that accurately and rapidly predict antimicrobial responses among KPC- and ESBL-producing
Enterobacter
spp. should be a top research priority.
Comparative Efficacies of Tedizolid Phosphate, Linezolid, and Vancomycin in a Murine Model of Subcutaneous Catheter-Related Biofilm Infection Due to Methicillin-Susceptible and -Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Bayer Arnold S. , Abdelhady Wessam , Li Liang , Gonzales Rachelle , Xiong Yan Q. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Tedizolid, a novel oxazolidinone, exhibits bacteriostatic activity through inhibition of protein synthesis. The efficacies of tedizolid, linezolid, and vancomycin were compared in a murine catheter-related biofilm infection caused by methicillin-susceptible and -resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MSSA and MRSA, respectively) strains engineered for bioluminescence. We observed significantly improved efficacy in terms of decreased
S. aureus
densities and bioluminescent signals in the tedizolid-treated group versus the linezolid- and vancomycin-treated groups in the model of infection caused by the MSSA and MRSA strains.
Biopharmaceutical Characterization of Nebulized Antimicrobial Agents in Rats: 5. Oseltamivir Carboxylate
Authors: Galindo Bedor Danilo Cesar , Marchand Sandrine , Lamarche Isabelle , Laroche Julian , Pereira de Santana Davi , Couet William 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to determine the biopharmaceutical characteristics of oseltamivir carboxylate (OC) after pulmonary delivery. After OC bolus and intratracheal nebulization (NEB) in rats, blood was collected and bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) were performed. Epithelial lining fluid (ELF) concentrations were estimated from BAL fluid. The area under the curve (AUC) ratio for ELF to plasma was 842 times higher after NEB than after intravenous (i.v.) administration, indicating that OC nebulization offers a biopharmaceutical advantage over i.v. administration.