bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Coupled Groundwater–Surface Water Modeling Framework for Simulating Transition Zone Processes
Authors: Mugunthan Pradeep , Russell Kevin T. , Gong Binglei , Riley Michael J. , Chin Arthur , McDonald Blair G. , Eastcott Linda J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThere is an identified need for fully representing groundwater–surface water transition zone (i.e., the sediment zone that connects groundwater and surface water) processes in modeling fate and transport of contaminants to assist with management of contaminated sediments. Most existing groundwater and surface water fate and transport models are not dynamically linked and do not consider transition zone processes such as bioturbation and deposition and erosion of sediments. An interface module is developed herein to holistically simulate the fate and transport by coupling two commonly used models, Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) and SEAWAT, to simulate surface water and groundwater hydrodynamics, while providing an enhanced representation of the processes in the transition zone. Transition zone and surface water contaminant processes were represented through an enhanced version of the EFDC model, AQFATE. AQFATE also includes SEDZLJ, a state‐of‐the‐science surface water sediment transport model. The modeling framework was tested on a published test problem and applied to evaluate field‐scale two‐ and three‐dimensional contaminant transport. The model accurately simulated concentrations of salinity from a published test case. For the field‐scale applications, the model showed excellent mass balance closure for the transition zone and provided accurate simulations of all transition zone processes represented in the modeling framework. The model predictions for the two‐dimensional field case were consistent with site‐specific observations of contaminant migration. This modeling framework represents advancement in the simulation of transition zone processes and can help inform risk assessment at sites where contaminant sources from upland areas have the potential to impact sediments and surface water.
Seasonality of Coliform Bacteria Detection Rates in New Jersey Domestic Wells
Authors: Atherholt Thomas B. , Procopio Nicholas A. , Goodrow Sandra M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractIt is important that indicators of fecal pollution are reliable. Coliform bacteria are a commonly used indicator of fecal pollution. As other investigators have reported elsewhere, we observed a seasonal pattern of coliform bacteria detections in domestic wells in New Jersey. Examination of a statewide database of 10 years of water quality data from 93,447 samples, from 78,207 wells, generated during real estate transactions, revealed that coliform bacteria were detected in a higher proportion of wells during warm weather months. Further examination of the seasonal pattern of other data, including well waterpH, precipitation, ground and surface water temperatures, surface water coliform bacteria concentrations, and vegetation, resulted in the hypothesis that these bacteria may be derived from nonfecal (or environmentally adapted) as well as fecal sources. We provide evidence that the coliform seasonality may be the result of seasonal changes in groundwater extraction volumes (and to a lesser extent precipitation), and temperature‐driven changes in the concentration of surface or near‐surface coliform sources. Nonfecal coliform sources may not indicate the presence of fecal wastes and hence the potential presence of pathogens, or do so in an inconsistent fashion. Additional research is needed to identify the sources of the coliforms detected in groundwater.
Privatising Probation: The Death Knell of a Much‐Cherished Public Service?
Authors: SENIOR PAUL 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe probation service has showed a remarkable facility to reinvent itself over a century of turbulent, but sustained, history. This 16th Bill McWilliams Memorial Lecture will explore the ethos underpinning that survival as the service faces its potential fragmentation, and even dismantling, given the government commitment to privatise much of its current business. If the institution of probation collapses, is there still an important place for probation skills and in what institutional forms will this be reconstructed? Can a hopeful scenario for the future be garnered from the current policy imperatives? Does it matter? And if it matters, how can a vision be created which builds on that history in concert with partners from all sectors? This lecture will reflect on these themes in a policy framework which is fluid, uncertain, and deeply challenging.
Novel seminal fluid proteins in the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus identified by a proteomic and transcriptomic approach
Authors: Bayram H. , Sayadi A. , Goenaga J. , Immonen E. , Arnqvist G. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus is a significant agricultural pest and increasingly studied model of sexual conflict. Males possess genital spines that increase the transfer of seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) into the female body. As SFPs alter female behaviour and physiology, they are likely to modulate reproduction and sexual conflict in this species. Here, we identified SFPs using proteomics combined with a de novo transcriptome. A prior 2D‐sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis identified male accessory gland protein spots that were probably transferred to the female at mating. Proteomic analysis of these spots identified 98 proteins, a majority of which were also present within ejaculates collected from females. Standard annotation workflows revealed common functional groups for SFPs, including proteases and metabolic proteins. Transcriptomic analysis found 84 transcripts differentially expressed between the sexes. Notably, genes encoding 15 proteins were highly expressed in male abdomens and only negligibly expressed within females. Most of these sequences corresponded to ‘unknown’ proteins (nine of 15) and may represent rapidly evolving SFPs novel to seed beetles. Our combined analyses highlight 44 proteins for which there is strong evidence that they are SFPs. These results can inform further investigation, to better understand the molecular mechanisms of sexual conflict in seed beetles.
Attitudes toward Asylum Seekers in Small Local Communities
Authors: Zorlu Aslan 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe admission and geographic distribution of asylum seekers has a central place in public discourse in Western countries, amid mounting asylum applications and dire humanitarian crises. Receiving countries usually distribute the newly arriving asylum seekers across the entire country, in particular for small remote communities. Incidental opposition actions by local residents against the siting of Asylum Seeker Centres (ASC) has created the perception of strong and widespread resistance in the public sphere. This article aims to assess this alleged backlash by examining attitudes toward asylum seekers in small local communities. Using data from three representative surveys conducted among residents in the vicinity of four ASCs in the Netherlands, the regression analysis shows a strikingly high willingness to host an ASC, in opposition to popularly assumed public opinion.
Detrimental effect of systemic antimicrobial CD4+ T‐cell reactivity on gut epithelial integrity
Authors: Kwong Chung Cheong K.C. , Ronchi Francesca , Geuking Markus B. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryHealthy host–microbe mutualism relies on compartmentalization and proper regulation of systemic and mucosal immune responses. Nevertheless, the systemic immune system is frequently exposed to bouts of bacteraemia, which can trigger systemic antimicrobial immune reactivity including CD4+ T cells. Low‐level bacteraemia can occur when immune compartmentalization is compromised, for example in the presence of innate immune deficiency or following use of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. We generated an Escherichia coli strain expressing a defined T helper neo‐epitope to study systemic antigen‐specific antimicrobial CD4+ T cells and their potential involvement in the pathogenisis of inflammatory bowel diseases. We found that the dose of bacteria required for the induction of systemic antimicrobial CD4+ T‐cell proliferation was high and not easily reached under physiological conditions. Importantly, however, when intestinal barrier function was compromised by induced damage to the intestinal epithelium, the presence of systemic antimicrobial CD4+ T cells specific for a single neo‐antigen resulted in dramatically increased levels of bacterial translocation. This study therefore demonstrates that systemic antimicrobial CD4+ T‐cell reactivity might impact adversely on the mucosa under conditions of reduced barrier function and that despite strong mucosal immune regulation, antigen‐specific recognition is still sensitive.
Effect of excess Li2S on electrochemical properties of amorphous li3ps4 films synthesized by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Quan Zhen , Hirayama Masaaki , Sato Daichi , Zheng Yueming , Yano Taka‐aki , Hara Kosuke , Suzuki Kota , Hara Masahiko , Kanno Ryoji 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAmorphous Li3PS4 films were synthesized by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) at room temperature using Li3PS4 targets with excess lithium and sulfur. Raman and X‐ray photoemission spectroscopies indicated that the Li3PS4 film synthesized with a stoichiometric amount of Li3PS4 target contained lithium‐deficient phases such as Li4P2S6, Li2−xS and sulfur due to composition deviation caused during the ablation process. The film synthesized with a 14% Li2S‐excess target (Li3.42PS4.21) contained fewer impurities, and exhibited a higher ionic conductivity of 5.3 × 10−4 S/cm at 298 K than the lithium‐deficient film (3.1 × 10−4 S/cm). The target composition is an important factor for the fabrication of highly conductive Li3PS4 films for electrolytes in thin‐film batteries.
High‐temperature Na2SO4 deposit‐assisted corrosion of silicon carbide–II: Effects of B, C, and Si
Authors: Hagan Joseph M. , Opila Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe effects of boron, carbon, and silicon on the induced hot corrosion of sintered‐α (Hexoloy) and CVD‐SiC coupons were studied to elucidate the hot corrosion of SiC‐based ceramic matrix composites. The extent of corrosion was quantified after 24 hour exposures at 1000°C using mass change measurements, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry analysis of corrosion products, and optical profilometry of pitting on the substrate surface. In addition, scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction were used to better understand the morphology, distribution, and phase composition of corrosion products. It was found that Si was more resistant to hot corrosion than SiC, indicating that residual Si in a ceramic matrix composites matrix should not negatively impact hot corrosion resistance of the composite in highly oxidizing conditions. Carbon did not have a large impact on hot corrosion of SiC, whereas the presence of boron made the hot corrosion attack more severe.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress in the regulation of liver diseases: Involvement of Regulated IRE1α and β‐dependent decay and miRNA
Authors: Rashid Harun‐Or , Kim Hyun‐Kyoung , Junjappa Raghupatil , Kim Hyung‐Ryong , Chae Han‐Jung 
Published: October 2016

AbstractCompromised protein folding capacity in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to a protein traffic jam that produces a toxic environment called ER stress. However, the ER smartly handles such a critical situation by activating a cascade of proteins responsible for sensing and responding to the noxious stimuli of accumulated proteins. The ER protein load is higher in secretory cells, such as liver hepatocytes, which are thus prone to stress‐mediated toxicity and various diseases, including alcohol‐induced liver injury, fatty liver disease, and viral hepatitis. Therefore, we discuss the molecular cues that connect ER stress to hepatic diseases. Moreover, we review the literature on ER stress‐regulated miRNA in the pathogenesis of liver diseases to give a comprehensive overview of mechanistic insights connecting ER stress and miRNA in the context of liver diseases. We also discuss currently discovered regulated IRE1 dependent decay in regulation of hepatic diseases.
Mediation of Cognitive Function Improvements by Strength Gains After Resistance Training in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment: Outcomes of the Study of Mental and Resistance Training
Authors: Mavros Yorgi , Gates Nicola , Wilson Guy C. , Jain Nidhi , Meiklejohn Jacinda , Brodaty Henry , Wen Wei , Singh Nalin , Baune Bernhard T. , Suo Chao , Baker Michael K. , Foroughi Nasim , Wang Yi , Sachdev Perminder S. , Valenzuela Michael , Fiatarone Singh Maria A. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo determine whether improvements in aerobic capacity (VO2peak) and strength after progressive resistance training (PRT) mediate improvements in cognitive function.DesignRandomized, double‐blind, double‐sham, controlled trial.SettingUniversity research facility.ParticipantsCommunity‐dwelling older adults (aged ≥55) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (N = 100).InterventionPRT and cognitive training (CT), 2 to 3 days per week for 6 months.MeasurementsAlzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale (ADAS‐Cog); global, executive, and memory domains; peak strength (1 repetition maximum); and VO2peak.ResultsPRT increased upper (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.47, 0.91), lower (SMD = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69–1.20) and whole‐body (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.62–1.05) strength and percentage change in VO2peak (8.0%, 95% CI = 2.2–13.8) significantly more than sham exercise. Higher strength scores, but not greater VO2peak, were significantly associated with improvements in cognition (P < .05). Greater lower body strength significantly mediated the effect of PRT on ADAS‐Cog improvements (indirect effect: β = −0.64, 95% CI = −1.38 to −0.004; direct effect: β = −0.37, 95% CI = −1.51–0.78) and global domain (indirect effect: β = 0.12, 95% CI = 0.02–0.22; direct effect: β = −0.003, 95% CI = −0.17–0.16) but not for executive domain (indirect effect: β = 0.11, 95% CI = −0.04–0.26; direct effect: β = 0.03, 95% CI = −0.17–0.23).ConclusionHigh‐intensity PRT results in significant improvements in cognitive function, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity in older adults with MCI. Strength gains, but not aerobic capacity changes, mediate the cognitive benefits of PRT. Future investigations are warranted to determine the physiological mechanisms linking strength gains and cognitive benefits.
Who Are the Value and Growth Investors?
Authors: BETERMIER SEBASTIEN , CALVET LAURENT E. , SODINI PAOLO 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates value and growth investing in a large administrative panel of Swedish residents. We show that, over the life cycle, households progressively shift from growth to value as they become older and their balance sheets improve. Furthermore, investors with high human capital and high exposure to macroeconomic risk tilt their portfolios away from value. While several behavioral biases seem evident in the data, the patterns we uncover are overall remarkably consistent with the portfolio implications of risk‐based theories of the value premium.
Laparoscopic repair with hysteroscopy of cesarean scar diverticulum
Authors: Liu Song‐jun , Lv Wen , Li Wu 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to investigate the clinical data of laparoscopic repair with hysteroscopy of cesarean scar diverticulum (CSD).MethodsWe retrospectively evaluated 49 patients with CSD in our hospital who had undergone laparoscopic repair with hysteroscopy from January 2014 to June 2015. All patients had a history of cesarean section deliveries and prolonged postmenstrual spotting (duration 16.1 ± 3.4 days). The diagnosis of CSD was established by using 2‐D transvaginal ultrasound.ResultsAll patients underwent the surgical repair successfully, without evident complications. The mean operation time was 90.4 ± 9.1 min, the mean volume of blood loss was 31.2 ± 14.3 mL, and the mean length of hospital stay was 4.1 ± 0.3 days. All patients were followed for 6 months after the operation; the mean duration of menstruation was 7.5 ± 2.5 days shorter on average than the pre‐surgical menstrual days, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.001). According to the clinical symptoms assessment, 89.8% (44/49) of the surgeries were effective, while according to the anatomic assessment, 95.9% (47/49) were effective.ConclusionLaparoscopic repair with hysteroscopy of CSD was confirmed to be a safe, effective, and minimally invasive treatment, and should be widely used to treat patients with CSD.
Supporting Volunteering Activities by Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: An Explorative Qualitative Study
Authors: Wicki Monika T. , Meier Simon 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA large number of adults with and without disabilities engage in volunteering activities, allowing them to meet new people, providing them with the opportunity to learn new skills, to build their confidence, and to contribute to society. However, in previous studies of volunteers with intellectual disabilities (ID), it has been shown that this group is rarely involved in volunteering. This study explores the challenges, opportunities, and support needs of such volunteers and develops a heuristic model to support volunteering by people with ID in Switzerland. Semistructured interviews were conducted with a convenience sample of six volunteers with ID. The analysis was based on reflexive grounded theory. Volunteering is one way in which people with ID can participate in society and receive recognition for their engagement. Basic needs, personal motivation, and social recognition are central for volunteers with ID. A heuristic model to support volunteering based on personal and social reasons of individuals with ID is developed. By receiving the appropriate support, people with ID can thus contribute by volunteering on the same terms as volunteers without disabilities. The present findings shed some light on ways to increase the rate of volunteering by people with ID. While the present model can help to identify the type of support appropriate for people with disabilities, future research should aim to verify the outcomes of this study in a larger sample.
Discovery of McrA, a master regulator of Aspergillus secondary metabolism
Authors: Oakley C. Elizabeth , Ahuja Manmeet , Sun Wei‐Wen , Entwistle Ruth , Akashi Tomohiro , Yaegashi Junko , Guo Chun‐Jun , Cerqueira Gustavo C. , Russo Wortman Jennifer , Wang Clay C. C. , Chiang Yi‐Ming , Oakley Berl R. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryFungal secondary metabolites (SMs) are extremely important in medicine and agriculture, but regulation of their biosynthesis is incompletely understood. We have developed a genetic screen in Aspergillus nidulans for negative regulators of fungal SM gene clusters and we have used this screen to isolate mutations that upregulate transcription of the non‐ribosomal peptide synthetase gene required for nidulanin A biosynthesis. Several of these mutations are allelic and we have identified the mutant gene by genome sequencing. The gene, which we designate mcrA, is conserved but uncharacterized, and it encodes a putative transcription factor. Metabolite profiles of mcrA deletant, mcrA overexpressing, and parental strains reveal that mcrA regulates at least ten SM gene clusters. Deletion of mcrA stimulates SM production even in strains carrying a deletion of the SM regulator laeA, and deletion of mcrA homologs in Aspergillus terreus and Penicillum canescens alters the secondary metabolite profile of these organisms. Deleting mcrA in a genetic dereplication strain has allowed us to discover two novel compounds as well as an antibiotic not known to be produced by A. nidulans. Deletion of mcrA upregulates transcription of hundreds of genes including many that are involved in secondary metabolism, while downregulating a smaller number of genes.
A long‐term study of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) in an Australian industrial estuary: Increased sightings associated with environmental improvements
Authors: Bossley Mike I. , Steiner Aude , Rankin Robert W. , Bejder Lars 
Published: October 2016

AbstractDelphinids are long‐lived, have delayed maturity and low reproductive rates which necessitate long‐term monitoring programs to detect changes in abundance. Between 1990 and 2013, an observational study of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops aduncus) was conducted in the Port River estuary (Adelaide, Australia). The estuary has received pollution from industry, sewage plants and storm water. In recent years, pollution entering the system has reduced and the establishment of the Adelaide Dolphin Sanctuary (ADS) increased dolphin protection from harassment and deliberate attacks. Nevertheless, the estuary remains a busy port. Over a 24 yr period, we conducted boat‐based surveys (n = 735) for dolphin groups (n = 3,634) along a predetermined route in the Inner and Outer Estuary of Adelaide's Port River estuary. It is our conjecture that major infrastructure changes and pollution abatement have yielded a more favorable marine environment for dolphins, resulting in an estimated 6% annual increase in sightings, from a near absence of sightings in the 1980s. Increased dolphin numbers were likely the result of improved water quality, augmented by surveillance and education arising from the proclamation of the ADS. This study highlights the importance of long‐term monitoring and has implications for dolphin conservation in heavily impacted urban areas and their protection via protected areas.
First record of Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) in Morocco: a major threat to public health in North Africa?
Authors: BENNOUNA A. , BALENGHIEN T. , EL RHAFFOULI H. , SCHAFFNER F. , GARROS C. , GARDÈS L. , LHOR Y. , HAMMOUMI S. , CHLYEH G. , FASSI FIHRI O. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract.The Asian tiger mosquito Stegomyia albopicta (= Aedes albopictus) (Diptera: Culicidae), native to Asian forests, is a nuisance mosquito and is responsible for the transmission of arboviruses of public health importance, such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. It has colonized parts of all continents, except Antarctica, over the past 30–40 years. However, to date, the only records of S. albopicta in North Africa refer to occasional collections in 2010 and 2014 in Algeria. In early September 2015, S. albopicta larvae and adults were collected in a district of Rabat, Morocco. Morphological identification was confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first record of this invasive mosquito in Morocco. A national surveillance programme will be implemented in 2016 to establish its geographical distribution in Morocco and to instigate control measures to prevent the establishment of new populations and the transmission of arboviruses.
A rare case of a pineoblastoma with a rhabdomyoblastic component
Authors: Homma Taku , Hemmi Akihiro , Ohta Takashi , Kusumi Yoshiaki , Yoshino Atsuo , Hao Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPineal anlage tumor (PAT) is a rare subtype of pineoblastoma (PB), which shows a poor prognosis. We report a case of a 5‐year‐old boy with PB with a rhabdomyoblastic component. He presented at a local clinic with vomiting and was transferred to our hospital following discovery of a pineal mass. An endoscopic biopsy was performed and was diagnosed as a PB with a rhabdomyoblastic component. Histopathology of PAT is characterized by both neuroectodermal and ectomesenchymal differentiation, and only a few confirmed cases have been reported. Although the histopathological features of the reported case resembled that of PAT, the ectomesenchymal component in the presented case was only a rhabdomyoblastic one. Therefore, we have diagnosed this case as PB with a rhabdomyoblastic component. As PAT is a rare pineal tumor, clinical, histopathological and genetic evaluation of additional cases is needed to define the characteristics of PAT as one of the pineal gland tumors.