bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ECLS in Trauma: Practical Application and a Review of Current Status
Authors: Zonies David 
Published: June 2016

AbstractExtracorporeal life support has evolved considerably over the past two decades. Once considered as salvage or experimental therapy in adults, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is evolving into a mainstream treatment for adult critical care. This is especially true in trauma and high‐risk surgical patients, who have traditionally been excluded from consideration. Several technological advances have made this possible. This includes anticoagulant‐bonded circuits, device miniaturization, servo‐regulated centrifugal systems, and more efficient oxygenators. Adult ECMO may now be rapidly deployed for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cardiogenic shock. Trauma and surgical patients with severe ARDS should be considered for ECMO early in their clinical course to provide optimal lung rest.
International Paediatric Mitochondrial Disease Scale
Authors: Koene Saskia , Hendriks Jan C. M. , Dirks Ilse , de Boer Lonneke , de Vries Maaike C. , Janssen Mirian C. H. , Smuts Izelle , Fung Cheuk‐Wing , Wong Virginia C. N. , de Coo I. René F. M. , Vill Katharina , Stendel Claudia , Klopstock Thomas , Falk Marni J. , McCormick Elizabeth M. , McFarland Robert , de Groot Imelda J. M. , Smeitink Jan A. M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractObjectiveThere is an urgent need for reliable and universally applicable outcome measures for children with mitochondrial diseases. In this study, we aimed to adapt the currently available Newcastle Paediatric Mitochondrial Disease Scale (NPMDS) to the International Paediatric Mitochondrial Disease Scale (IPMDS) during a Delphi‐based process with input from international collaborators, patients and caretakers, as well as a pilot reliability study in eight patients. Subsequently, we aimed to test the feasibility, construct validity and reliability of the IPMDS in a multicentre study.MethodsA clinically, biochemically and genetically heterogeneous group of 17 patients (age 1.6–16 years) from five different expert centres from four different continents were evaluated in this study.ResultsThe feasibility of the IPMDS was good, as indicated by a low number of missing items (4 %) and the positive evaluation of patients, parents and users. Principal component analysis of our small sample identified three factors, which explained 57.9 % of the variance. Good construct validity was found using hypothesis testing. The overall interrater reliability was good [median intraclass correlation coefficient for agreement between raters (ICCagreement) 0.85; range 0.23–0.99).ConclusionIn conclusion, we suggest using the IPMDS for assessing natural history in children with mitochondrial diseases. These data should be used to further explore construct validity of the IPMDS and to set age limits. In parallel, responsiveness and the minimal clinically important difference should be studied to facilitate sample size calculations in future clinical trials.
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD) for Monogenic Disorders: the Value of Concurrent Aneuploidy Screening
Authors: Goldman Kara N. , Nazem Taraneh , Berkeley Alan , Palter Steven , Grifo Jamie A. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPre‐implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has changed the landscape of clinical genetics by helping families reduce the transmission of monogenic disorders. However, given the high prevalence of embryonic aneuploidy, particularly in patients of advanced reproductive age, unaffected embryos remain at high risk of implantation failure or pregnancy loss due to aneuploidy. 24‐chromosome aneuploidy screening has become widely utilized in routine in vitro fertilization (IVF) to pre‐select embryos with greater pregnancy potential, but concurrent 24‐chromosome aneuploidy screening has not become standard practice in embryos biopsied for PGD. We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent PGD with or without 24‐chromosome aneuploidy screening to explore the value of concurrent screening. Among the PGD + aneuploidy‐screened group (n = 355 blastocysts), only 25.6 % of embryos were both Single Gene Disorder (SGD)‐negative (or carriers) and euploid; thus the majority of embryos were ineligible for transfer due to the high prevalence of aneuploidy. Despite a young mean age (32.4 ± 5.9y), 49.9 % of Blastocysts were aneuploid. The majority of patients (53.2 %) had ≥1 blastocyst that was Single Gene Disorder (SGD)‐unaffected but aneuploid; without screening, these unaffected but aneuploid embryos would likely have been transferred resulting in implantation failure, pregnancy loss, or a pregnancy affected by chromosomal aneuploidy. Despite the transfer of nearly half the number of embryos in the aneuploidy‐screened group (1.1 ± 0.3 vs. 1.9 ± 0.6, p < 0.0001), the implantation rate was higher (75 % vs. 53.3 %) and miscarriage rate lower (20 % vs. 40 %) (although not statistically significant). 24‐chromosome aneuploidy screening when performed concurrently with PGD provides valuable information for embryo selection, and notably improves single embryo transfer rates.
The Clinical Utility of Next Generation Sequencing Results in a Community‐Based Hereditary Cancer Risk Program
Authors: Bunnell A. E. , Garby C. A. , Pearson E. J. , Walker S. A. , Panos L. E. , Blum Joanne L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSince the 2013 Supreme Court ruling on BRCA1/BRCA2 patenting, hereditary cancer gene panels now include BRCA1 and BRCA2, making these panels an option for first‐tier testing. However, questions remain about the clinical utility and implications of these panels for medical management with inclusion of genes of unknown to moderate penetrance. To better understand how use of these panels affected our practice, we reviewed patients who underwent testing in our clinic from July 1, 2013 through May 23, 2014. Indications for testing included personal and/or family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer. A total of 136 patients underwent panel testing via a single commercial laboratory; 12 (8.8 %) patients were positive for a pathogenic or likely pathogenic mutation (four BRCA2 mutations, two TP53 mutations, one CDH1 mutation, two ATM mutations, and one patient each with a CHEK2, NBN, or PALB2 mutation). Of these positive patients, 100 % met the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer genetic testing (2.2014). Mutations in seven of twelve (58 %) patients led to changes in medical management; three of seven (43 %) had a non‐BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutation. Our findings suggest that there is clinical utility of panels that include genes of unknown to moderate penetrance.
Chemical Compositions and Mineral Contents of Some Hull‐Less Pumpkin Seed and Oils
Authors: Seymen Musa , Uslu Nurhan , Türkmen Önder , Al Juhaimi Fahad , Özcan Mehmet Musa 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to determine total oil, total phenol, antioxidant activity and mineral contents of hull‐less pumpkin seeds and also fatty acid composition of seed oils. The results indicated that total oil, total phenol content and antioxidant activity values were found between 33.04 and 46.97 %, 56.94 and 87.15 mg GAE/100 g and 0.19 and 11.75 %, respectively (p < 0.05). Linoleic, oleic, palmitic and stearic acids were the most prominent fatty acids in all genotypes. The most abundant mineral in the studied seeds, which belong to different genotypes, was potassium (2704.75–1033.63 ppm) followed by phosphorus (3569.690–9108.835 ppm) and magnesium (1275.15–3938.16 ppm) (p < 0.05). Particularly genotype‐1 was the richest seed in essential fatty acids and minerals.
Does radiofrequency ablation (RFA) epiphysiodesis affect adjacent joint cartilage?
Authors: Shiguetomi-Medina Juan Manuel , Rahbek O. , Abood A. A. H. , Stødkilde-Jørgensen H. , Ramírez Garcia-Luna J. L. , Møller-Madsen B. 
Published: June 2016

Purpose To test the hypothesis that epiphysiodesis made with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a safe procedure that disrupts the growth plate without damaging the adjacent joint articular cartilage. Methods RFA epiphysiodesis was done during 8 min in vivo in 40 growing pig tibia physis. In addition, three tibiae were ablated for 16 min and three more for 24 min. As a burned cartilage reference, six tibiae were ablated on the joint articular cartilage for 8 min. After the procedure, the animals were terminated and the tibiae were harvested. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was done ex vivo to evaluate the joint articular cartilage in all samples. We used T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and water content sequences under a 1.5 T magnetic field. Results On the burned articular cartilage, intensity changes were observed at MRI. We found no evidence of articular cartilage damage on the 40 8-min RFA procedures. The tibiae ablated for 16 min and 24 min showed intact joint cartilage. Conclusions Epiphysiodesis using RFA is safe for the adjacent articular cartilage. This study shows that RFA can be done safely in the growing physis of pigs, even with triple duration procedures.
Aspect ratio effect on elliptical sonic jet mixing
Authors: Chauhan V. , Aravindh Kumar S.M. , Rathakrishnan E. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe effects of aspect ratio on elliptical sonic jet decay at different levels of under-expansion has been studied experimentally. Elliptical sonic jets from orifices of same area with aspect ratios (AR) 2, 4 and 6 at nozzle pressure ratios 2 to 5 in steps of 1 have also been studied. A circular jet from an orifice with an area equal to that of elliptical orifice was also studied for comparison. Jet centreline pressure decay, spread and waves present in the jet core were analysed. The results show that the mixing of the elliptical jet is superior to the circular jet, at all the nozzle pressure ratios of the present study. Also, the aspect ratio of the elliptical orifice has a strong influence on the jet mixing. Elliptical jets of aspect ratio 4 and 6 experience a significantly higher mixing than the aspect ratio 2 jet, till the under-expansion level corresponding to Mach disk formation. For higher under-expansion levels, the mixing of AR 4 and 6 jets become inferior to that of the AR 2 jet.
Analysis of UAS-S4 Éhecatl aerodynamic performance improvement using several configurations of a morphing wing technology
Authors: Şugar Gabor O. , Koreanschi A. , Botez R.M. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe paper presents the results of the aerodynamic optimisation of an Unmanned Aerial System's wing using a morphing approach. The shape deformation of the wing is achieved by placing actuator lines at several positions along its span. For each flight condition, the optimal displacements are found by using a combination of the new Artificial Bee Colony algorithm and a classical gradient-based search routine. The wing aerodynamic characteristics are calculated with an efficient nonlinear lifting line method coupled with a two-dimensional viscous flow solver. The optimisations are performed at angles of attack below the maximum lift angle, with the aim of improving the Hydra Technologies UAS-S4 wing lift-to-drag ratio. Several configurations of the morphing wing are proposed, each with a different number of actuation lines, and the improvements obtained by these configurations are analysed and compared.
Assessment of Time to Clinical Response in Patients with Sepsis Treated Before and After Implementation of a Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Blood Culture Identification Algorithm
Authors: Carreno Joseph J. , Lomaestro Ben M. , Jacobs Apryl L. , Meyer Rachel E. , Evans Ann , Montero Clemente I. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVETo evaluate time to clinical response before and after implementation of rapid blood culture identification technologies.DESIGNBefore-and-after trial.SETTINGLarge, tertiary, urban, academic health-sciences center.PATIENTSPatients >18 years old with sepsis and concurrent bacteremia or fungemia were included in the study; patients who were pregnant, had polymicrobial septicemia, or were transferred from an outside hospital were excluded.INTERVENTIONPrior to the intervention, polymerase chain reaction was used to identify Staphylococcus species from positive blood cultures, and traditional laboratory techniques were used to identify non-staphylococcal species. After the intervention, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) assay and FilmArray were also used to identify additional species. During both periods, the antimicrobial stewardship team provided prospective audit and feedback for all patients on antibiotics.RESULTSA total of 219 patients were enrolled in the study: 115 patients prior to the intervention and 104 after the intervention. The median time to clinical response was statistically significantly shorter in the postintervention group than in the preintervention group (2 days vs 4 days, respectively; P=.002). By Cox regression, the implementation of MALDI-TOF and FilmArray was associated with shorter time to clinical response (hazard ratio [HR], 1.360; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.018–1.816). After controlling for potential confounders, the study group was not independently associated with clinical response (adjusted HR, 1.279; 95% CI, 0.955–1.713). Mortality was numerically, but not statistically significantly, lower in the postintervention group than in the preintervention group (7.6% vs 11.4%; P=.342).CONCLUSIONSIn the setting of an existing antimicrobial stewardship program, implementation of MALDI-TOF and FilmArray was associated with improved time to clinical response. Further research is needed to fully describe the effect of antimicrobial stewardship programs on time to clinical response.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:916–923
Modal energy flow analysis of a highly modulated wake behind a wall-mounted pyramid
Authors: Hosseini Zahra , Martinuzzi Robert J. , Noack Bernd R. 
Published: June 2016

We experimentally investigate the highly modulated turbulent wake behind a wall-mounted square-base pyramid protruding through the boundary layer. We present the first modal energy flow analysis of a time-resolved three-dimensional velocity field from experimental particle image velocimetry data. The underlying low-order representation is optimized for resolving the base-flow variation as well as the first and second harmonics associated with vortex shedding – generalizing the triple decomposition of Reynolds & Hussain (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 54, 1972, pp. 263–288). This analysis comprises not only a detailed modal balance of turbulent kinetic energy as pioneered by Rempfer & Fasel (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 275, 1994, pp. 257–283) for proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) models, but also the companion energy balance of the mean flow. The experimental results vividly demonstrate how constitutive elements of mean-field theory (Stuart, J. Fluid Mech., vol. 4, 1958, pp. 1–21) near laminar Hopf bifurcations remain strongly pronounced in a turbulent wake characterized by highly modulated, quasi-periodic shedding. The study emphasizes, for instance, the stabilizing role of mean-field manifolds, as explored in the pioneering POD model of Aubry et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 192, 1988, pp. 115–173). The presented low-order representation of the flow and modal energy flow analyses may provide important insights and reference data for computational turbulence modelling, e.g. unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes simulations.
WHO CONTROLS WARRI? HOW ETHNICITY BECAME VOLATILE IN THE WESTERN NIGER DELTA (1928–52)
Authors: OKOH OGHENETOJA 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe battle over who controls Warri has been underway for several generations. The most violent eruption of this struggle occurred between 1997 and 1999. This article traces the history of this struggle to the colonial period, during a time of administrative restructuring called reorganization, which began in 1928. Contrary to the recent popular and scholarly understanding of the Warri crisis as an outcome of crude oil politics, I argue that British colonial state intervention set in motion a deadly, ethnicized struggle over political and material resources, which has only been exacerbated by the zero-sum politics of the crude oil economy.
CONSTRUCTING HISTORY IN UGANDA
Authors: REID ANDREW 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis contribution seeks to explore the potential for historical archaeology in Uganda. By reflecting on where the potential strengths of such an approach may lie it is suggested that the most effective contributions will be made where there is a significant breadth and depth of historical sources. However, in Uganda the emphasis has tended to be on archaeological sites with distant or even dubious historical associations. The situation is further complicated by the very active processes of history making that are currently taking place, particularly in association with ‘traditional’ spirit worship. Nevertheless there are a range of themes and contexts which could be explored through historical archaeology and there are also plentiful archaeological resources from the twentieth century. It is concluded that there is great potential for historical archaeology but that there needs to be a readjustment of the contexts and situations that are explored.
Cocaine Flows and the State in Peru's Amazonian Borderlands
Authors: VAN DUN MIRELLA 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn Peru, eradication campaigns targeting coca crops in the Upper Huallaga have dispersed the country's drug trade over vast parts of the Bajo Amazonas region. In order to understand this dispersal it is necessary to map the relocations of coca cultivations or shifts in smuggling routes, but also to examine the array of micro-practices, relations, groups and networks that generate ‘drug flows’. By following different key actors, this article explores the movements of drug lords, smugglers and producers who intersect frontiers, borders and borderlands. This empirical focus is combined with an analysis of the actors’ social ties to other groups to discover the myriad ways in which illegal/legal forces are part of the power arrangements that form the foundation for Peru's drug flows.
Mechanisms for interaction: Syntax as procedures for online interactive meaning building
Authors: Kempson Ruth , Chatzikyriakidis Stergios , Cann Ronnie 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe argue that to reflect participant interactivity in conversational dialogue, the Christiansen & Chater (C&C) perspective needs a formal grammar framework capturing word-by-word incrementality, as in Dynamic Syntax, in which syntax is the incremental building of semantic representations reflecting real-time parsing dynamics. We demonstrate that, with such formulation, syntactic, semantic, and morpho-syntactic dependencies are all analysable as grounded in their potential for interaction.
“Process and perish” or multiple buffers with push-down stacks?
Authors: Levinson Stephen C. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis commentary raises two issues: (1) Language processing is hastened not only by internal pressures but also externally by turn-taking in language use; (2) the theory requires nested levels of processing, but linguistic levels do not fully nest; further, it would seem to require multiple memory buffers, otherwise there's no obvious treatment for discontinuous structures, or for verbatim recall.
Squeezing through the Now-or-Never bottleneck: Reconnecting language processing, acquisition, change, and structure
Authors: Chater Nick , Christiansen Morten H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIf human language must be squeezed through a narrow cognitive bottleneck, what are the implications for language processing, acquisition, change, and structure? In our target article, we suggested that the implications are far-reaching and form the basis of an integrated account of many apparently unconnected aspects of language and language processing, as well as suggesting revision of many existing theoretical accounts. With some exceptions, commentators were generally supportive both of the existence of the bottleneck and its potential implications. Many commentators suggested additional theoretical and linguistic nuances and extensions, links with prior work, and relevant computational and neuroscientific considerations; some argued for related but distinct viewpoints; a few, though, felt traditional perspectives were being abandoned too readily. Our response attempts to build on the many suggestions raised by the commentators and to engage constructively with challenges to our approach.
How Much Political Power do Economic Forces Have? Conflicts Over Social Insurance Reform in Brazil
Authors: Weyland Kurt 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTThe failure of attempts at neoliberal social security reform in Brazil since 1990 demonstrates the limited political influence of seemingly powerful economic forces, especially private business and international financial institutions. Besides power-dispersing constitutional structures, the fragmentation of social forces, the weakness of political parties, and the internal segmentation of the state apparatus have hindered the efforts of Brazilian governments to gain the political support necessary to cut entitlements and thus stem the rapid rise in pension spending.
From Exegesis to Hermeneutics: The Problem of the Contemporary Meaning of Scripture
Authors: Schneiders Sandra M. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractPart I discusses the recent history of Roman Catholic biblical scholarship which has led to the emergence of the problem of how the results of scientific biblical research can and should be integrated into the pastoral project of the Church. It suggests that the original division of labor among biblical scholars, theologians, and pastors is no longer visible (if, indeed, it ever was).Part II describes three models of biblical research in terms of the conception of Scripture and the theory of interpretation operative in each. The three models are not proposed as equally adequate. Proof-texting, the model which was paradigmatic prior to Divino Afflante Spiritu (1943), is presented as seriously defective. Historical critical exegesis, the model which has been, and to a large extent remains, paradigmatic is shown to be considerably more adequate. However, a variety of forces is placing pressure on this model, revealing its inadequacies when it terminates in historical reconstruction. The third model, the hermeneutical, seems capable of integrating exegesis into a process of interpretation which will prove more adequate to the task of revealing both what the text meant in its own time and culture and what the text means today.Part III draws out the implications of each of the three models for the relationship between biblical research and pastoral practice.