DINAMIKA PERUBAHAN METODE PENANGKAPAN RAWAI TUNA DI SAMUDERA HINDIA
Authors: Jatmiko Irwan , Rochman Fathur , Wujdi Arief 
Published: January 2017

Rawai tuna merupakan salah satu alat tangkap penting bagi industri perikanan di Indonesia. Target utama alat tangkap ini adalah ikan tuna yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting seperti tuna mata besar dan madidihang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kapal dan perubahan metode penangkapan rawai tuna di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan oleh pemantau ilmiah (observer) pada kapal rawai tuna yang berbasis di Pelabuhan Benoa Bali, mulai Agustus 2005 hingga November 2014. Pemantau ilmiah mencatat data dan informasi meliputi: panjang tali cabang (PTC), panjang tali pelampung (PTP), panjang antar tali cabang (PATC), jumlah pancing antar pelampung (JPAP), jumlah mata pancing, lama waktu tebar pancing dan lama waktu perendaman. AnalisisAnova satu arah dan tes Tukey dilakukan untuk mengetahui perubahan karakteristik armada rawai tuna selama beberapa tahun. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terjadi perubahan karakteristik operasi rawai tuna selama beberapa tahun (p<0,05). Jarak antar tali cabang dan panjang tali pelampung berfluktuasi dengan menunjukkan pola yang acak. Jumlah mata pancing dan lama waktu tebar pancing juga berfluktuasi namun cenderung menurun jumlah dan durasinya. Selanjutnya, jumlah pancing antar pelampung juga memiliki kecendurungan lebih sedikit dalam kurun waktu beberapa tahun. Panjang tali cabang dan lama waktu perendaman menunjukkan peningkatan dalam panjang dan durasinya Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan gambaran yang lebih lengkap terhadap perubahan karakteristik kapal rawai tuna Indonesia di Samudra Hindia. Tuna longline is one of the important fishing gears for the fisheries industry in Indonesia. The target species of this type of gear are a group of economically important tuna that have higher economic values such as bigeye tuna and yellowfin tuna. This study aims to investigate the fleet characteristics and the modification of fishing method of tuna longline in Indonesia. Data collection was conducted by scientific observers on tuna longline fishing vessels, mainly based in the port of Benoa Bali, from August 2005 to November 2014. The scientific observers record the information that will be tested were: length of branch line (LBL), length of float line (LFL), length between branch line (LBBL), number of hooks between floats (NHBF), number of hooks, length of set time and length of soak time. Analysis of one-way Anova and Tukey tests conducted to determine the changing characteristics of tuna longline fleets in several years. The analysis showed that changes in the characteristics of longline tuna operations for several years (p <0.05) were likely occurred. Length between branch line and length of float line were fluctuated with random pattern. Number of hooks and length of set time also fluctuated but tended to decrease in number and duration. Furthermore, number of hooks between floats also tends to decrease in recent years. Length of branch line and length of soak time showed an increase in the length and duration. The results of this study are expected to provide a more complete picture of the presence of changes in the characteristics of the Indonesian tuna longline fleets.