bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mantle heterogeneity at the Bouvet triple junction based on the composition of olivine phenocrysts
Authors: Migdisova N.A. , Sobolev A.V. , Sushchevskaya N.M. , Dubinin E.P. , Kuz’min D.V. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Tholeiitic melts from the Bouvet triple junction (BTJ) of rift zones in the South Atlantic are moderately enriched rocks with specific lithophile-element patterns. The high (Gd/Yb)n values (up to 2.5) in some tholeiite compositions suggest the presence of garnet in the mantle source of primary BTJ melts. The high Ni and low Mn contents of the most magnesian olivines determined by high-precision probe microanalysis suggest the presence of pyroxenite, along with typical peridotite, in the melting source. The unusually wide within-sample variation in the proportions of pyroxenitic component in the source region (XPx Mn/Fe = 0–90%) indicates different degrees of mantle heterogeneity beneath the spreading zone. Based on geochemical data, this component is a silica-oversaturated eclogite, reacting with peridotite to form olivine-free pyroxenite in the melting source. This component is probably represented either by subducted and recycled oceanic crust or by fragments of the ancient continental lithosphere buried into the mantle after the Gondwana breakup. The observed global and local mantle heterogeneities might have been developed during the complex geodynamic evolution of the Southern Ocean, whose opening was affected by the activity of the Mesozoic Karoo–Maud–Ferrar plume and multiple jumps of the spreading axes, which led to the involvement of fragments of the early oceanic lithosphere in the melting process.
Geochemistry of the barite deposits near Adana-Feke area (Eastern Taurides)
Authors: Tas Ozdogan A. , Uras Y. , Oner F. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The barite deposits that emerge as veins and lodes within or along the contact zones of recrystallized limestone and dolomite units of Cambrian Degirmentas Formation are of epigenetic character. Depositional styles, mineral paragenesis, host rock alteration styles, and high SrO contents of the barites suggest a hydrothermal origin for their formation. However, considering their rare earth element compositions, barite samples surround the field for seawaters when plotted on CeN/YbN–YbN and CeN/SmN–CeN/YbN diagrams. Fluid inclusion data obtained from the barites indicated a formation from a fluid with low salinity (0.9–1.6 wt.% NaCl eq.) at homogenization temperatures between 78 and 190 °C. Sulfur isotopic compositions of barites vary between +32.2 and +36.3‰, and their 87Sr/86Sr values range between 0.709885 and 0.749652. Depositional styles, mineral assemblage, trace element compositions, fluid inclusion data as well as δ34S and 87Sr/86Sr isotopic data indicate a model in which hydrothermal fluids were possibly derived from a buried intrusion mixed with meteoric and marine waters, further interacting with the Precambrian–Phanerozoic metaclastic and Cambrian carbonate rocks to form barite deposits.
Authigenic carbonate sedimentation in Eravnoe group lakes (Western Transbaikalia
): Response to Holocene climate change
Authors: Solotchina E.P. , Sklyarov E.V. , Solotchin P.A. , Zamana L.V. , Danilenko I.V. , Sklyarova O.A. , Tat’kov P.G. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sediments of intracontinental closed lakes are unique natural archives that store climate history records. We study Late Holocene carbonate-bearing sediments of Lake Dolgoe, a small saline lake in the Eravnoe basin on the Vitim Plateau (western Transbaikalia). Sediment samples have been analyzed by several methods: X-ray powder diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, stable isotope (18O and 13C) determination, laser diffraction particle size analysis, XRF elemental analysis, etc. The mineral phases of bottom sediments include clastic and carbonate components and hydromagnesite at the section top; carbonates are authigenic varieties of the calcite-dolomite series. Modeling of complex XRD profiles reveal Mg-calcite with various Mg contents and excess-Ca dolomites, which are mixed-structure crystals compositionally close to stoichiometric dolomite. The crystal structure and relative percentages of carbonates from the dated sedimentary section controlled by climate and lake level changes allow reconstructing the Holocene history of Lake Dolgoe.
Recurrence of strong seismic events in the area of the 2011–2012 Tuva earthquakes according to paleoseismological data
Authors: Ovsyuchenko A.N. , Butanaev Yu.V. , Marakhanov A.V. , Lar’kov A.S. , Novikov S.S. , Kuzhuget K.S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the results of paleoseismological studies in the epicentral area of the Tuva earthquake of 2011 (M = 6.7) and 2012 (M = 6.8). Their seismotectonic position and seismic history over the last millennia has been studied. The results are of great importance because these earthquakes are the strongest in the history of seismological observations in Tuva and are thus the first well-studied strong earthquakes in this region. The data show that relatively weak events similar to the 2011–2012 Tuva earthquakes recurred every 300–500 years in the past millennium, while catastrophic earthquakes with M = 7.0-7.2 and higher occur approximately every thousand years.
Geological and geophysical interpretation of induced-polarization data on gold depoits in the Yana–Kolyma orogenic belt
Authors: Tkachev A.V. , Khasanov I.M. , Mikhalitsyna T.I. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper presents induced-polarization (IP) data on a number of gold deposits and occurrences in the Magadan Region. Geophysical works are effective for the study of gold-quartz deposits of different morphological types (vein, veinlet-vein, and veinlet-disseminated). It is shown that multifrequency IP sounding reliably identifies zones of carbon metasomatism, a reliable indicator of promising gold mineralization areas and zones in northeastern Russia. Evidence of carbon metasomatism is the typical shape of phase frequency response curves for graphite and graphitized rocks.
‘I'm not envious, I'm just jealous!’: On the Difference Between Envy and Jealousy
Authors: PROTASI SARA 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT:I argue for the view that envy and jealousy are distinct emotions, and the crucial difference between them is that envy involves a perception of lack while jealousy involves a perception of loss. I start by noting the common practice of using ‘envy’ and ‘jealousy’ almost interchangeably, and I contrast it with the empirical evidence that shows that envy and jealousy are distinct, albeit similar and often co-occurring, emotions. I then argue in favor of a specific way of understanding their distinction: the view that envy is a response to a perceived lack of a valuable object, while jealousy is a response to a perceived loss of a valuable object. I compare such a view with the most compelling alternative theories and show that it accounts better for paradigmatic cases. I conclude by showing how the lack versus loss model can handle complications: ambiguous cases, that is, when it is epistemically unclear whether one experiences lack or loss; hybrid cases, that is, when one seems to experience both lack and loss; and borderline cases, that is, when it is metaphysically unclear whether one experiences lack or loss.
Rhythm and rate control of atrial fibrillation in the emergency department – A large community-based observational study
Authors: Gilbert Cameron J. , Angaran Paul , Mariano Zana , Aves Theresa , Dorian Paul 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveAtrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia presentation to the emergency department (ED) and frequently results in admission to the hospital. Although rarely life-threatening and not usually an emergent condition, AF places a large burden on our health-care system. The objective of this study was to describe the practices of ED physicians in the management of AF in a large urban Canadian city.MethodsFrom January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010, patients with a primary diagnosis of AF were identified across 10 EDs in Toronto, Canada (N=2,609). Fifty patients were selected at random from each hospital for a detailed chart review (n=500).ResultsTwo hundred thirty-two patients (46%) received rate control, and 129 (26%) received rhythm control with the remainder (28%) receiving neither therapy. Sixty-seven percent of patients were discharged home. Most patients (79%) were symptomatic on arrival; however, only a minority of these (31%) received rhythm control. Factors that were associated with rhythm control included younger age, duration of palpitations ≤ 48 hours, a lower CHADS2 score, and the absence of left ventricular dysfunction.ConclusionOur data suggest a wide range of practice amongst ED physicians treating patients presenting to the ED with a primary diagnosis of AF. A randomized trial is needed to better understand the optimal management strategy in this patient population and setting.
Do Experts Understand Performance Measures? A Mixed-Methods Study of Infection Preventionists
Authors: Govindan Sushant , Wallace Beth , Iwashyna Theodore J. , Chopra Vineet 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVECentral line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Despite a nationwide decline in CLABSI rates, individual hospital success in preventing CLABSI is variable. Difficulty in interpreting and applying complex CLABSI metrics may explain this problem. Therefore, we assessed expert interpretation of CLABSI quality data. DESIGN. Cross-sectional survey PARTICIPANTS. Members of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Network (SRN) METHODS. We administered a 10-item test of CLABSI data comprehension. The primary outcome was percent correct of attempted questions pertaining to the CLABSI data. We also assessed expert perceptions of CLABSI reporting.RESULTSThe response rate was 51% (n=67).Among experts, the average proportion of correct responses was 73% (95% confidence interval [CI], 69%–77%). Expert performance on unadjusted data was significantly better than risk-adjusted data (86% [95% CI, 81%–90%] vs 65% [95% CI, 60%–70%];P<.001). Using a scale of 1 to 100 (0, never reliable; 100, always reliable), experts rated the reliability of CLABSI data as 61. Perceived reliability showed a significant inverse relationship with performance (r=–0.28;P=.03), and as interpretation of data improved, perceptions regarding reliability of those data decreased. Experts identified concerns regarding understanding and applying CLABSI definitions as barriers to care.CONCLUSIONSSignificant variability in the interpretation of CLABSI data exists among experts. This finding is likely related to data complexity, particularly with respect to risk-adjusted data. Improvements appear necessary in data sharing and public policy efforts to account for this complexity.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2018;39:71–76
Prevalence of MRSA ST398 Carriage in Nursing Home Residents in an Area of Spain With a High Density of Pig Farming
Authors: Reynaga Esteban , Torres Carmen , Garcia-Nuñez Marian , Navarro Marian , Vilamala Anna , Puigoriol Emma , Enrico Lucchetti Gianni , Nunes Daniella , Silva Adriana , Sabrià Miquel 
Published: December 2017

MRSA nasal carriage was detected in 15.7% of 204 residents from 6 nursing homes (NHs) in the Osona region (Barcelona, Spain), and the MRSA-ST398 lineage was identified in 15.6% of MRSA-positive residents and in 2.5% of all NH residents evaluated. Most MRSA-ST398 carriers (4 of 5) had direct or indirect contact with pig farms.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:90–93
Bilateral ischaemic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex are anxiogenic in the rat
Authors: Déziel Robert A. , Tasker R. Andrew 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveStroke patients often suffer from delayed disturbances of mood and cognition. In rodents, the prefrontal cortex (PFC) is involved in both higher order cognition and emotion. Our objective was to determine if bilateral focal ischaemic lesions restricted to the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) could be used to model post-stroke anxiety and/or cognitive deficits.MethodsGroups of adult male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=9) received bilateral injections of either endothelin-1 (ET-1) (400 pmol) or vehicle (artificial cerebrospinal fluid) into the mPFC and were tested at various times using both a test of temporal order memory and in an elevated plus maze. Lesions were verified histologically.ResultsET-1 lesioned rats had reduced mobility on post-surgery day 8 that had resolved by day 29 at which time they spent significantly more time in the closed arm of the plus mazeConclusionWe conclude that ischaemic lesions localised to the mPFC can be used to model post-stroke anxiety in rats.
‘No, we don't mix languages’: Ideological power and the chronotopic organization of ethnolinguistic identities
Authors: Karimzad Farzad , Catedral Lydia 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this study we address ethnolinguistic identity using Bakhtin's (1981) notion of chronotope. Taking an ethnographic approach to linguistic data from Azerbaijani and Uzbek communities, we trace the impact of various chronotopes on our participants’ acts of ethnolinguistic identification. Building on Blommaert & De Fina (2017), we illustrate how ethnolinguistic identification is an outcome of the interaction between multiple levels of large- and small-scale chronotopes. Furthermore, we argue that chronotopes differ in terms of their power, depending on the ideological force behind them. We demonstrate how power differentials between chronotopes can account for certain interactional and linguistic patterns in conversation. The power inherent in chronotopes that link nationhood with specific languages makes the notions ofdiscrete languagesandstatic identities‘real’ for our participants. Therefore, discussions of language and identity as flexible and socially constructed, we argue, must not obscure the power of these notions in shaping the perceptions of sociolinguistic subjects. (Chronotope, ethnolinguistic identity, power, Uzbek, Azeri/Azerbaijani, nationalism, language mixing, language ideology)*
International humanitarian law's old questions and new perspectives: On what law has got to do with armed conflict
Authors: Forster Thomas 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe question of whether international humanitarian law (IHL) has an impact on how armed conflicts are conducted is a controversial one. Sceptics claim that the law is virtually irrelevant in determining State behaviour in armed conflict. Proponents point to its importance in mitigating the suffering caused by war. This paper looks at recent scholarship from historians, political scientists, economists and lawyers that challenges traditional narratives held dear by the law's sceptics and proponents alike. It then discusses implications of these approaches for a current understanding of the role of IHL in today's armed conflicts. The new perspectives allow for a broader understanding of IHL's central issues and permit us to ask more pertinent questions when looking at the law with the aim of putting it to use for the protection of civilians.
Hands-on Learning for Classics: Building an Effective, Long-term Project
Authors: Jazwa Kyle Alexander 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn this paper, I explore the use of long-term, hands-on learning activities for Classics courses. I will show that a carefully designed project can complement classroom lectures on Greek and Roman culture and contribute towards the development of students’ critical thinking and group work skills. As an example, I describe a successful hands-on learning project that I designed for my Ancient Greek Cities course at Monmouth College (USA). The students were tasked with researching and building an historically faithful, ancient Greek mudbrick building for the college's annual Classics Day event. With the success of this project in my class, I will show that Classics instructors can pursue similar long-term, hands-on learning activities for engaging students in ancient Greek and Roman culture and teaching essential skills.
Direction of actin flow dictates integrin LFA-1 orientation during leukocyte migration
Authors: Nordenfelt Pontus , Moore Travis I. , Mehta Shalin B. , Kalappurakkal Joseph Mathew , Swaminathan Vinay , Koga Nobuyasu , Lambert Talley J. , Baker David , Waters Jennifer C. , Oldenbourg Rudolf , Tani Tomomi , Mayor Satyajit , Waterman Clare M. , Springer Timothy A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntegrin αβ heterodimer cell surface receptors mediate adhesive interactions that provide traction for cell migration. Here, we test whether the integrin, when engaged to an extracellular ligand and the cytoskeleton, adopts a specific orientation dictated by the direction of actin flow on the surface of migrating cells. We insert GFP into the rigid, ligand-binding head of the integrin, model with Rosetta the orientation of GFP and its transition dipole relative to the integrin head, and measure orientation with fluorescence polarization microscopy. Cytoskeleton and ligand-bound integrins orient in the same direction as retrograde actin flow with their cytoskeleton-binding β-subunits tilted by applied force. The measurements demonstrate that intracellular forces can orient cell surface integrins and support a molecular model of integrin activation by cytoskeletal force. Our results place atomic, Å-scale structures of cell surface receptors in the context of functional and cellular, μm-scale measurements.
Phenotypic plasticity promotes recombination and gene clustering in periodic environments
Authors: Gulisija Davorka , Plotkin Joshua B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWhile theory offers clear predictions for when recombination will evolve in changing environments, it is unclear what natural scenarios can generate the necessary conditions. The Red Queen hypothesis provides one such scenario, but it requires antagonistic host–parasite interactions. Here we present a novel scenario for the evolution of recombination in finite populations: the genomic storage effect due to phenotypic plasticity. Using analytic approximations and Monte-Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that balanced polymorphism and recombination evolve between a target locus that codes for a seasonally selected trait and a plasticity modifier locus that modulates the effects of target-locus alleles. Furthermore, we show that selection suppresses recombination among multiple co-modulated target loci, in the absence of epistasis among them, which produces a cluster of linked selected loci. These results provide a novel biological scenario for the evolution of recombination and supergenes.
Magnetostriction-polarization coupling in multiferroic Mn2MnWO6
Authors: Li Man-Rong , McCabe Emma E. , Stephens Peter W. , Croft Mark , Collins Liam , Kalinin Sergei V. , Deng Zheng , Retuerto Maria , Sen Gupta Arnab , Padmanabhan Haricharan , Gopalan Venkatraman , Grams Christoph P. , Hemberger Joachim , Orlandi Fabio , Manuel Pascal , Li Wen-Min , Jin Chang-Qing , Walker David , Greenblatt Martha 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDouble corundum-related polar magnets are promising materials for multiferroic and magnetoelectric applications in spintronics. However, their design and synthesis is a challenge, and magnetoelectric coupling has only been observed in Ni3TeO6 among the known double corundum compounds to date. Here we address the high-pressure synthesis of a new polar and antiferromagnetic corundum derivative Mn2MnWO6, which adopts the Ni3TeO6-type structure with low temperature first-order field-induced metamagnetic phase transitions (TN = 58 K) and high spontaneous polarization (~ 63.3 μC·cm−2). The magnetostriction-polarization coupling in Mn2MnWO6 is evidenced by second harmonic generation effect, and corroborated by magnetic-field-dependent pyroresponse behavior, which together with the magnetic-field-dependent polarization and dielectric measurements, qualitatively indicate magnetoelectric coupling. Piezoresponse force microscopy imaging and spectroscopy studies on Mn2MnWO6 show switchable polarization, which motivates further exploration on magnetoelectric effect in single crystal/thin film specimens.
Post-transcriptional 3´-UTR cleavage of mRNA transcripts generates thousands of stable uncapped autonomous RNA fragments
Authors: Malka Yuval , Steiman-Shimony Avital , Rosenthal Eran , Argaman Liron , Cohen-Daniel Leonor , Arbib Eliran , Margalit Hanah , Kaplan Tommy , Berger Michael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe majority of mammalian genes contain one or more alternative polyadenylation sites. Choice of polyadenylation sites was suggested as one of the underlying mechanisms for generating longer/shorter transcript isoforms. Here, we demonstrate that mature mRNA transcripts can undergo additional cleavage and polyadenylation at a proximal internal site in the 3′-UTR, resulting in two stable, autonomous, RNA fragments: a coding sequence with a shorter 3′-UTR (body) and an uncapped 3′-UTR sequence downstream of the cleavage point (tail). Analyses of the human transcriptome has revealed thousands of such cleavage positions, suggesting a widespread post-transcriptional phenomenon producing thousands of stable 3′-UTR RNA tails that exist alongside their transcripts of origin. By analyzing the impact of microRNAs, we observed a significantly stronger effect for microRNA regulation at the body compared to the tail fragments. Our findings open a variety of future research prospects and call for a new perspective on 3′-UTR-dependent gene regulation.
Identification of regulatory targets for the bacterial Nus factor complex
Authors: Baniulyte Gabriele , Singh Navjot , Benoit Courtney , Johnson Richard , Ferguson Robert , Paramo Mauricio , Stringer Anne M. , Scott Ashley , Lapierre Pascal , Wade Joseph T. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractNus factors are broadly conserved across bacterial species, and are often essential for viability. A complex of five Nus factors (NusB, NusE, NusA, NusG and SuhB) is considered to be a dedicated regulator of ribosomal RNA folding, and has been shown to prevent Rho-dependent transcription termination. Here, we identify an additional cellular function for the Nus factor complex in Escherichia coli: repression of the Nus factor-encoding gene, suhB. This repression occurs primarily by translation inhibition, followed by Rho-dependent transcription termination. Thus, the Nus factor complex can prevent or promote Rho activity depending on the gene context. Conservation of putative NusB/E binding sites upstream of Nus factor genes suggests that Nus factor autoregulation occurs in many bacterial species. Additionally, many putative NusB/E binding sites are also found upstream of other genes in diverse species, and we demonstrate Nus factor regulation of one such gene in Citrobacter koseri. We conclude that Nus factors have an evolutionarily widespread regulatory function beyond ribosomal RNA, and that they are often autoregulatory.