bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genetic diversity and spatial structure of the Rufous‐throated Antbird (Gymnopithys rufigula), an Amazonian obligate army‐ant follower
Authors: Menger Juliana , Henle Klaus , Magnusson William E. , Soro Antonella , Husemann Martin , Schlegel Martin 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAmazonian understory antbirds are thought to be relatively sedentary and to have limited dispersal ability; they avoid crossing forest gaps, and even narrow roads through a forest may limit their territories. However, most evidence for sedentariness in antbirds comes from field observations and plot‐based recapture of adult individuals, which do not provide evidence for lack of genetic dispersal, as this often occurs through juveniles. In this study, we used microsatellite markers and mitochondrial control‐region sequences to investigate contemporary and infer historical patterns of genetic diversity and structure of the Rufous‐throated Antbird (Gymnopithys rufigula) within and between two large reserves in central Amazonia. Analyses based on microsatellites suggested two genetically distinct populations and asymmetrical gene flow between them. Within a population, we found a lack of genetic spatial autocorrelation, suggesting that genotypes are randomly distributed and that G. rufigula may disperse longer distances than expected for antbirds. Analyses based on mitochondrial sequences did not recover two clear genetic clusters corresponding to the two reserves and indicated the whole population of the Rufous‐throated Antbird in the region has been expanding over the last 50,000 years. Historical migration rates were low and symmetrical between the two reserves, but we found evidence for a recent unilateral increase in gene flow. Recent differentiation between individuals of the two reserves and a unilateral increase in gene flow suggest that recent urban expansion and habitat loss may be driving changes and threatening populations of Rufous‐throated Antbird in central Amazonia. As ecological traits and behavioral characteristics affect patterns of gene flow, comparative studies of other species with different behavior and ecological requirements will be necessary to better understand patterns of genetic dispersal and effects of urban expansion on Amazonian understory antbirds.
Semiparametric methods for estimation of a nonlinear exposure‐outcome relationship using instrumental variables with application to Mendelian randomization
Authors: Staley James R. , Burgess Stephen 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTMendelian randomization, the use of genetic variants as instrumental variables (IV), can test for and estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. Most IV methods assume that the function relating the exposure to the expected value of the outcome (the exposure‐outcome relationship) is linear. However, in practice, this assumption may not hold. Indeed, often the primary question of interest is to assess the shape of this relationship. We present two novel IV methods for investigating the shape of the exposure‐outcome relationship: a fractional polynomial method and a piecewise linear method. We divide the population into strata using the exposure distribution, and estimate a causal effect, referred to as a localized average causal effect (LACE), in each stratum of population. The fractional polynomial method performs metaregression on these LACE estimates. The piecewise linear method estimates a continuous piecewise linear function, the gradient of which is the LACE estimate in each stratum. Both methods were demonstrated in a simulation study to estimate the true exposure‐outcome relationship well, particularly when the relationship was a fractional polynomial (for the fractional polynomial method) or was piecewise linear (for the piecewise linear method). The methods were used to investigate the shape of relationship of body mass index with systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure.
Bortezomib‐induced peripheral neuropathy: A genome‐wide association study on multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Campo Chiara , da Silva Filho Miguel Inacio , Weinhold Niels , Mahmoudpour Seyed Hamidreza , Goldschmidt Hartmut , Hemminki Kari , Merz Maximilian , Försti Asta 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe proteasome‐inhibitor bortezomib was introduced into the treatment of multiple myeloma more than a decade ago. It is clinically beneficial, but peripheral neuropathy (PNP) is a side effect that may limit its use in some patients. To examine the possible genetic predisposing factors to PNP, we performed a genome‐wide association study on 646 bortezomib‐treated German multiple myeloma patients. Our aim was to identify genetic risk variants associated with the development of PNP as a serious side effect of the treatment. We identified 4 new promising loci for bortezomib‐induced PNP at 4q34.3 (rs6552496), 5q14.1 (rs12521798), 16q23.3 (rs8060632), and 18q21.2 (rs17748074). Even though the results did not reach genome‐wide significance level, they support the idea of previous studies, suggesting a genetic basis for neurotoxicity. The identified single nucleotide polymorphisms map to genes or next to genes involved in the development and function of the nervous system (CDH13, DCC, and TENM3). As possible functional clues, 2 of the variants, rs12521798 and rs17748074, affect enhancer histone marks in the brain. The rs12521798 may also impact expression of THBS4, which affects specific signal trasduction pathways in the nervous system. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanism of action of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms in the development of drug‐induced PNP and to functionally validate our in silico predictions.
Localization of nucleoside transporters in rat epididymis
Authors: Klein David M. , Harding Marcus C. , Crowther Meghan K , Cherrington Nathan J. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe epididymis relies on transporters for the secretion of nucleosides and influence the disposition of nucleoside analogs (NSA). Since these compounds can cross the blood–testis barrier (BTB), it is important to understand if the epididymis reabsorbs NSA drugs. The purpose of this study is to determine the localization of nucleoside transporters expressed within rat epididymis to demonstrate the potential of epididymal reabsorption. Using immunohistochemistry, we determined that equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) is localized to the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells, ENT2 is expressed in the nucleus of the epithelium and CNT2 is expressed by basal cells. The expression pattern for these transporters suggests that nucleosides are able to access the epithelial cells of the epididymal duct via the blood, but not from the lumen. We did not find any evidence for a transepithelial reabsorption pathway indicating the NSA drugs that cross the BTB remain within the epididymis.
A successful model to learn and implement ultrasound‐guided venous catheterization in apheresis
Authors: Gopalasingam Nigopan , Thomsen Anna‐Marie Eller , Folkersen Lars , Juhl‐Olsen Peter , Sloth Erik 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundApheresis treatments can be performed with peripheral venous catheters (PVC), although central venous catheters (CVC) are inserted when PVCs fail or patient with history of difficult vascular access prior to the apheresis. Ultrasound guidance for PVC has shown promising results in other settings.PurposeTo investigate if ultrasound guidance for PVC could be implemented among apheresis nurses. Second, how implementation of ultrasound guidance affected the number of CVCs used for apheresis per patient.MethodApheresis nurses completed a systematic training program for ultrasound‐guided vascular access. All independent catheterizations were registered during the implementation stage. The number of CVCs in the pre‐ and postimplementation stages of the ultrasound guidance was compared.ResultsSix nurses completed the training program within a median of 48 days (range 38–83 days).In 77 patients, 485 independent ultrasound‐guided PVC placements were performed during the implementation stage. All apheresis treatments (485/485) were accomplished using PVCs without requiring CVC as rescue.During the preimplementation stage, 125 of 273 (45.8%) procedures required a CVC for completion of apheresis procedures; during the postimplementation stage only 30 of 227 (13.2%) procedures required a CVC (p < 0.001). In the postimplementation stage, no CVCs were placed as rescue caused by failed PVCs but were only placed for patients where the ultrasound machine was unavailable. It indicates an effective success rate of 100% for ultrasound‐guided PVC use.ConclusionThis study showed that ultrasound guidance could be implemented among apheresis nurses as a routine tool eliminating the need of CVC as a rescue.
Combination of change in hematological parameters with exercise stress test to predict coronary artery disease
Authors: Korkmaz Ahmet , Yıldız Abdulkadir , Türker Duyuler Pınar , Duyuler Serkan , Yılmaz Samet , Basyigit Funda , Elalmis Ozgul Ucar , Guray Umit , Ileri Mehmet 
Published: March 2017

ObjectiveTreadmill exercise stress testing for identifying patients with a higher likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD) before elective coronary angiography is recommended in the current guidelines. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the changes in the hematological parameters before and after exercise stress test in relation with the presence of CAD.MethodsA total of 113 patients with chest pain who underwent treadmill exercise testing and coronary angiography were included in this study.ResultsNeutrophil count (4.38±0.99 vs 5.19±0.93, P<.001), and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (2.04±0.63 vs 2.41±0.78, P<.001) were significantly elevated after treadmill exercise test in all the patients. Increase in the NLR after exercise test was significantly higher in patients with positive exercise test (n=68) than negative exercise test (n=45) (0.49±0.58 vs 0.19±0.44, P=.016). The sensitivity and specificity of treadmill exercise testing according to coronary angiography was 79% and 64%, respectively. A cut‐off point of 0.2 for the change in the NLR in addition to positive treadmill exercise testing had 91% sensitivity and 92% specificity in predicting significant coronary artery stenosis (AUC:0.913, 95% CI: 0.805‐1.000, P<.001).ConclusionsNeutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is an important inflammatory marker that can contribute to treadmill ECG testing in predicting CAD.
Relating Personality and Creativity: Considering What and How We Measure
Authors: Puryear Jeb S. , Kettler Todd , Rinn Anne N. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractCreativity is a complex construct that is conceptualized and measured in multiple ways. This study examined the relationship between creativity and personality taking this into account. It was hypothesized that applying different conceptions and measures would cause variation in the creativity–personality relationship. The participants (N = 224) were undergraduate students and completed six creativity measures, a personality inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Personality predicted more creative production (R2 = .277) than creative potential (R2 = .176) and more self‐reported creativity (R2 = .348) than that which was externally rated (R2 = .149). Openness was most consistently and strongly related to creativity, but other personality factors varied in their influence and some demonstrated suppression effects. Overall, the results suggest that despite relatively small effects of personality on creativity, there appear to be meaningful differences in the relationships depending on conception and measurement. Implications for educational settings and future research are discussed.
Multiple concomitant oral cavity cancers: Incidence, management, and outcomes
Authors: Kao Huang‐Kai , Abdelrahman Mohamed , Huang Yenlin , Tsai Chia‐Hsuan , Barrera Megias J. , Tsang Ngan‐Ming , Couves Adam J. , Cheng Ming‐Huei , Chang Kai‐Ping 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundLittle is known about the appropriate treatment and long‐term survival of patients with multiple concomitant oral cavity cancers (MOC). The aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathological features of MOC, to compare the prognosis of MOC patients with that of patients with single oral cavity cancers (SOC), and to describe reconstructive options based on the concept of economy in autologous tissue transfer.MethodsData from 603 patients diagnosed with at least one squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity who underwent surgery for primary oral cavity cancers between 2006 and 2014 were reviewed retrospectively to identify MOC patients.ResultsAmong 603 cases of surgically resected primary oral cancers, 20 cases (3.3%) with MOC were identified. Patients with MOC did not differ from patients with SOC in age, and their index lesions did not differ in pT value, pN value, pathological stage, extracapsule spread, or perineural or bone invasion. The 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates for MOC and SOC cases were 72.6% versus 68.7%, and 65.3% versus 64.8%, respectively (P = 0.785 and 0.770, respectively). The anterolateral thigh flap was widely applied. According to its origin of blood supply, the reconstructive options of MOC patients with separated defects were classified and proposed.ConclusionsMOC and SOC were similar in clinicopathological characteristics. The prognosis of patients with MOC was similar to that of patients with SOC. Resections were performed with curative intent. A multidisciplinary team management approach is essential for customized treatment in MOC patients.
Clarifying historical range to aid recovery of the Mexican wolf
Authors: Heffelfinger James R. , Nowak Ronald M. , Paetkau David 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTWe assessed historical, morphological, and genetic information on the range of the Mexican wolf (Canis lupus baileyi) to plan the recovery of this endangered subspecies. Early accounts of its range included the Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico, and southeastern Arizona, southwestern New Mexico, and sometimes western Texas, USA. Such accounts are supported by ecological, physiographic, and morphological data. Recent suggestions to depict a more extensive northern periphery have been based primarily on a fragmented geographic sampling of genetic markers assumed to be diagnostic at subspecies level. Some of these genetic markers, found in extant Mexican wolves, reportedly also occur in a few individuals far to the north of the range defined in early accounts. Extending the historical range northward would necessitate drawing that line far north of transitions in wolf phenotype, breaks in vegetation associations, barriers to gene flow, and differences in prey base. We review morphologic, genetic, and ecological information to illustrate why such historical range extensions are not supported. The historical distribution of the Mexican wolf likely does not correspond to the detected distribution of certain molecular markers. The historical range of the Mexican wolf should not be altered through the identification of similar habitat in other locations, the distribution of inadequately sampled molecular markers, or by theoretical arguments about movement capacity. Rather, it should respect the original descriptions that were made when the animal was still present on the landscape, and which are concordant with ecological relationships, physiography, morphology, and the principles of population genetics. Clarifying the historical range of the Mexican wolf accurately will be foundational to developing a scientifically defensible recovery plan. © 2017 The Wildlife Society.
Transcriptional regulation of cpsQ‐mfpABC and mfpABC by CalR in Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Gao He , Zhang Lingyu , Osei‐Adjei George , Yang Wenhui , Zhou Dongsheng , Huang Xinxiang , Yang Huiying , Yin Zhe , Zhang Yiquan 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe cpsQ‐mfpABC locus is transcribed as two operons, i.e., cpsQ‐mfpABC and mfpABC, in Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and both of them are all required for biofilm formation. CalR belongs to the LysR‐type transcriptional regulator family, and was originally identified as a repressor of the swarming motility and T3SS1 genes expression in V. parahaemolyticus. In the present work, a combination of qRT‐PCR, primer extension, LacZ fusion expression, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and DNase I footprinting assays were employed to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of cpsQ‐mfpABC and mfpABC by CalR. One transcription start site for each operon was detected and their activities were activated by CalR. His‐CalR protected two DNA regions upstream of mfpABC against DNase I digestion, but no binding sites were detected in the promoter region of cpsQ‐mfpABC, suggesting a direct and an indirect regulatory manner for mfpABC and cpsQ‐mfpABC transcription by CalR, respectively. Collectively, the results presented here confirmed a new physiological role for CalR that acts as an activator for cpsQ‐mfpABC and mfpABC transcription.
Pharmacogenomic findings from clinical whole exome sequencing of diagnostic odyssey patients
Authors: Cousin Margot A. , Matey Eric T. , Blackburn Patrick R. , Boczek Nicole J. , McAllister Tammy M. , Kruisselbrink Teresa M. , Babovic‐Vuksanovic Dusica , Lazaridis Konstantinos N. , Klee Eric W. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundWe characterized the pharmacogenomics (PGx) results received by diagnostic odyssey patients as secondary findings during clinical whole exome sequencing (WES) testing as a part of their care in Mayo Clinic's Individualized Medicine Clinic to determine the potential benefits and limitations to this cohort.MethodsWES results on 94 patients included a subset of PGx variants in CYP2C19, CYP2C9, and VKORC1 if identified in the patient. Demographic, phenotypic, and medication usage information was abstracted from patient medical data. A pharmacist interpreted the PGx results in the context of the patients’ current medication use and made therapeutic recommendations.ResultsThe majority was young with a median age of 10 years old, had neurological involvement in the disease presentation (71%), and was currently taking medications (90%). Of the 94 PGx‐evaluated patients, 91% had at least one variant allele reported and 20% had potential immediate implications on current medication use.ConclusionDue to the disease complexity and medication needs of diagnostic odyssey patients, there may be immediate benefit obtained from early life PGx testing for many and most will likely find benefit in the future. These results require conscientious interpretation and management to be actionable for all prescribing physicians throughout the lifetime of the patient.
Diffusion‐relaxation correlation spectroscopic imaging: A multidimensional approach for probing microstructure
Authors: Kim Daeun , Doyle Eamon K. , Wisnowski Jessica L. , Kim Joong Hee , Haldar Justin P. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo propose and evaluate a novel multidimensional approach for imaging subvoxel tissue compartments called Diffusion‐Relaxation Correlation Spectroscopic Imaging.Theory and MethodsMultiexponential modeling of MR diffusion or relaxation data is commonly used to infer the many different microscopic tissue compartments that contribute signal to macroscopic MR imaging voxels. However, multiexponential estimation is known to be difficult and ill‐posed. Observing that this ill‐posedness is theoretically reduced in higher dimensions, diffusion‐relaxation correlation spectroscopic imaging uses a novel multidimensional imaging experiment that jointly encodes diffusion and relaxation information, and then uses a novel constrained reconstruction technique to generate a multidimensional diffusion‐relaxation correlation spectrum for every voxel. The peaks of the multidimensional spectrum are expected to correspond to the distinct tissue microenvironments that are present within each macroscopic imaging voxel.ResultsUsing numerical simulations, experiment data from a custom‐built phantom, and experiment data from a mouse model of traumatic spinal cord injury, diffusion‐relaxation correlation spectroscopic imaging is demonstrated to provide substantially better multicompartment resolving power compared to conventional diffusion‐ and relaxation‐based methods.ConclusionThe diffusion‐relaxation correlation spectroscopic imaging approach provides powerful new capabilities for resolving the different components of multicompartment tissue models, and can be leveraged to significantly expand the insights provided by MRI in studies of tissue microstructure. Magn Reson Med 78:2236–2249, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Reduced field of view single‐shot spiral perfusion imaging
Authors: Yang Yang , Zhao Li , Chen Xiao , Shaw Peter W. , Gonzalez Jorge A. , Epstein Frederick H. , Meyer Craig H. , Kramer Christopher M. , Salerno Michael 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo develop a single‐shot spiral perfusion pulse sequence with outer‐volume suppression (OVS) to achieve whole‐heart coverage with a short temporal footprint of 10 ms per slice location.MethodsA highly accelerated single‐shot variable density spiral pulse sequence with an integrated OVS module for reduced field of view (rFOV) perfusion imaging with 2 mm spatial resolution was developed and evaluated in simulations, phantom experiments and in clinical patients with (n = 8) or without (n = 8) OVS. Images were reconstructed by block low‐rank sparsity with motion guidance (BLOSM) and graded by two cardiologists on a 5‐point scale (1, excellent; 5, poor).ResultsSimulation and phantom results showed that OVS effectively suppressed the signal outside the desired field of view (FOV). Clinical patient data demonstrated high quality perfusion images with rFOV. The average image quality scores of full FOV cases and rFOV cases were 3.1 ± 0.64 and 2.3 ± 0.46, respectively, (P = 0.02) from cardiologist 1 and 2.5 ± 0.54 and 1.8 ± 0.47, respectively, (P = 0.04) from cardiologist 2, showing superior image quality for the rFOV images compared with the full FOV images.ConclusionA single‐shot spiral perfusion sequence that uses OVS and BLOSM performs perfusion imaging with a very short temporal footprint per image supporting whole‐heart coverage with good image quality. Magn Reson Med 79:208–216, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.