bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Explaining the framework of the pro-natalist policy implementation process in Iran: A study protocol
Authors: Sahebi-Rizi Morteza , Amini-Rarani Mostafa , Shaarbafchizadeh Nasrin 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Population policies and programs around the world are considered as the basis for socio-economic' development. Demographic data in recent years show that Iran has faced a marked decrease in fertility, which makes it inevitable to take emergency measures and plan properly to increase childbearing. A significant point in this field is the basic role of the health system and universities of medical sciences. Therefore, it seems necessary to formulate and present the framework for the correct implementation of population increase policies.

MATERIALS AND METHOD:
This study endeavors to provide a comprehensive analysis of executive policies related to population growth and to present a proposed framework in a qualitative manner using the General Implementation Framework method in three phases. Initially, a conceptual review study will be conducted to determine the current situation. Then, the process of implementing a population growth policy in Iran is identified in two stages. In the second phase, using semistructured interviews, the challenges of the population growth policy implementation for Iran will be identified. In the last phase, the initial framework of the population increase policy implementation process has been explained, and finally, this framework will be validated and finalized through the Delphi technique.

DISCUSSION:
Due to the decrease in Iran’s population growth rate and the concern of population aging, the complete stop of the population control policy, the growth of births, and the increase of childbearing have been put on the agenda. However, in Iran, despite the existence of different policies and directives at micro and macro levels regarding population and policies related to it, there is no unanimity in the implementation of policies on this subject.
Differences in compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue among oncology nurses in Oman: A multi-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Jacob Devakirubai , Muliira Joshua K. , Lazarus Eilean R. , Al Zaabi Omar 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Oncology nurses are constantly exposed to occupational exposure to the suffering of others, which can lead to vicarious traumatization, low professional quality of life (ProQOL), and inability to provide quality nursing care. The purpose of the study is to explore the ProQOL of oncology nurses working in Oman and the characteristics that lead to differences in compassion satisfaction (CS) and compassion fatigue (CF).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional design was conducted between March and December 2020 using the ProQOL scale to collect data from 242 oncology nurses in Oman using a convenience sampling technique. The rates of CS and CF [(secondary traumatic stress (STS) and burnout (BO)] were summarized using descriptive statistics. The characteristics leading to differences in CS and CF were assessed using the independent-sample t-test.

RESULTS:
Only 35% reported high levels of CS. Most nurses reported moderate STS (60%) and BO (65%). Nurses aged ≥36 years, ≥10 years of professional experience, ≥6 years of oncology experience, married, and desiring to work with cancer patients reported higher levels of CS.

CONCLUSION:
Omani oncology nurses have low levels of CS. The nurses’ desire to work with cancer patients, professional experience, and the age of cancer patients regularly affected the experience of CF. The identified characteristics can be exploited to mitigate deterioration in oncology nurses’ ProQOL using targeted interventions for high-risk individuals. Beneficial interventions may focus on continuing education, stress management, coping, work environment, teamwork, and communication of oncology nurses and other members of the healthcare team.
Pattern and correlates of Internet gaming disorder among medical students – A cross-sectional study from a tertiary care health institute, Rajasthan
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Gupta Ajay , Raj Dilip , Kumar Amit 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a global problem associated with several psychological complications, such as insomnia, poor academic performance, and aggression. The present study aimed to explore the pattern and correlates of gaming disorder among a sample of medical college students from India and determine the motivational basis for it.MATERIALS AND METHODS:An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at a medical college in Rajasthan from January 2021 to June 2021 after obtaining approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. The study participants were all medical undergraduate students of age 18 years or more, who were engaged in Internet gaming during the past year (i.e., the last 12 months. It was a web-based online survey in which a pre-designed, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on the socio-demographic profile of the respondents, Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) and Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ) scale. Multivariate regression analysis was performed for the prediction of dependent variables on the basis of several independent variables like gender, substance abuse, relationship status, and weekly time and money spent on gaming.RESULTS:The study included 864 undergraduate students, out of which 675 were engaged in Internet gaming during the last 12 months, so analyses were made on 675 students to assess the severity of IGD. The proportion of disordered gamers was 2.1%. Substance abuse [odds ratio (OR) = 7.026], owning a game console or other dedicated gaming devices (OR = 10.099), and weekly time spent on gaming (OR = 7.026) were significantly associated with higher odds of being a disordered gamer. Similarly, the weekly amount of money spent on gaming and the age of initiation of gaming were also significant predictors for IGD.CONCLUSIONS:Substance abuse, owning a game console or other dedicated gaming devices, weekly time spent on gaming, weekly money spent on gaming, and age of initiation of gaming were independent predictors for disordered gamers. Restricting gaming activities and engaging and training in other activities can help overcome the problem.
Comparison of the effectiveness of self-care educational program using animation and role-playing on quality of life in adolescents with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Hosseiniasl Parisa , Karimi Zohreh , Moghadam Abdolkarim G. , Mazaheri Maryam A. , Zoladl Mohammad 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic disease and the number of Adolescents diagnosed with it, is at an increase. Self-care education can reduce the complications of this disease. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine and compare the effectiveness of self-care educational programs, using animation and role-playing on quality of life in Adolescents with type 1 diabetes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
This quasi-experimental study consists of 111 Adolescents with type 1 diabetes, who visited Imam Hossein (PBUH) pediatric endocrinology clinic, Isfahan, May since August 2021, were selected through convenience sampling. The Diabetes Quality of Life for Youth scale was used, before and after the intervention. The interventions in each group were performed twice a week for 2 months. Data were analyzed through the one-way analysis of variance, Chi-square, Bonferroni post
hoc and paired t-statistical tests.

RESULTS:
After completing the interventions, the mean quality of life score in group 1 (animation) was significantly higher compared to that of group 2 (role-playing) (P = 0.001). In intervention group 1 (animation) and intervention group 2 (role-playing), the quality of life score and its subscales, after the completion of the research interventions had a significant increase, compared to the beginning of the study (P = 0.001).

CONCLUSION:
Both animation and role-playing educational methods caused statistically significant changes in the quality of life score, and the animation educational method was more effective than role-playing. Therefore, it is suggested that managers, policymakers and health team members consider the implementation of these educational methods in the educational program of adolescents with type 1 diabetes and use these two educational methods.
A large language model in solving primary healthcare issues: A potential implication for remote healthcare and medical education
Authors: Mondal Himel , De Rajesh , Mondal Shaikat , Juhi Ayesha 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND AND AIM:Access to quality health care is essential, particularly in remote areas where the availability of healthcare professionals may be limited. The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) has led to the development of large language models (LLMs) that exhibit capabilities in understanding and generating human-like text. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of a LLM, ChatGPT, in addressing primary healthcare issues.MATERIALS AND METHODS:This study was conducted in May 2023 with ChatGPT May 12 version. A total of 30 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) related to primary health care were selected to test the proficiency of ChatGPT. These MCQs covered various topics commonly encountered in primary healthcare practice. ChatGPT answered the questions in two segments—one is choosing the single best answer of MCQ and another is supporting text for the answer. The answers to MCQs were compared with the predefined answer keys. The justifications of the answers were checked by two primary healthcare professionals on a 5-point Likert-type scale. The data were presented as number and percentage.RESULTS:Among the 30 questions, ChatGPT provided correct responses for 28 yielding an accuracy of 93.33%. The mean score for explanation in supporting the answer was 4.58 ± 0.85. There was an inter-item correlation of 0.896, and the average measure intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.94 (95% confidence interval 0.88–0.97) indicating a high level of interobserver agreement.CONCLUSION:LLMs, such as ChatGPT, show promising potential in addressing primary healthcare issues. The high accuracy rate achieved by ChatGPT in answering primary healthcare-related MCQs underscores the value of these models as resources for patients and healthcare providers in remote healthcare settings. This can also help in self-directed learning by medical students.
Challenges faced by medical faculty in implementation of competency-based medical education and lessons learned
Authors: Agrawal Apurva , Sharma Ashish , Sharma Anita , Agrawal Charusmita 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Regulations on Graduate Medical Education (Amendment), 2019 (GME) introduced competency-based medical education (CMBE) for undergraduate medical students and were implemented in the 2019 entrance batch in medical colleges all over India. This study aimed to find out the challenges faced by medical teachers in CBME implementation, lessons learned, and the level of preparedness for upcoming batches.

MATERIAL AND METHODS:
A cross-sectional, multi-centric descriptive study was conducted from November 2021 to February 2022 including first-year faculty of medical colleges. A self-administered questionnaire was provided through electronic media, about challenges faced during CBME implementation and suggestions for improvement. Responses were analyzed as descriptive statistics, and content analysis was conducted for open-ended questions.

RESULTS:
A total of 50 responses were analyzed. About 46% believed that the foundation course (FC) could satisfy the GME Regulation’s goal to only some extent. About 60% believed that integration was not optimum, and 40% had not taken any integrated session. About 36% had not taken any attitude, ethics and communication (AETCOM) session, and 30% considered that they were not sufficiently competent. About 68% believed that early clinical exposure (ECE) given is insufficient. “Skills” (50%) and “attitude-communication” (34%) could not be satisfactorily assessed. About 72% believed that the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected academics, 20% are still confused about the complexities of CBME, and 58% believed they are better prepared for the future. The COVID-19 pandemic (78%), lack of proper training (70%), and adequate faculty (60%) were common difficulties. Frequent hands-on workshops (68%) and better inter-departmental coordination (68%) were suggested.

CONCLUSION:
First professional-year faculties are slowly getting accustomed to the transition from a traditional to a competency-based curriculum. These reforms are complex, and the challenges need to be addressed sincerely and timely.
Comparing hoarseness and sore throat after extubation at different endotracheal cuff pressures: A double-blinded clinical trial
Authors: Arabkhazaie Azar , Sadeghi Noghabi Zahra , Basiri Moghadam Mehrsa , Saheban Maleki Mohsen , Aalami Hossein 
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:
Sore throat and hoarseness are two common complications of intubation in patients with general anesthesia. This research aimed to compare the effect of different endotracheal cuff pressures on sore throat and hoarseness after general anesthesia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The present double-blinded clinical trial was conducted on 45 patients who are candidates for surgery with general anesthesia in autumn and winter 2021. The participants were divided into three groups of 15 through a permuted block randomization. The 20–24 cm H2O (level of pressure) group was labeled as A, and the 25–29 cm H2O group B and the 30–34 cm H2O group was known as group C. All the patients were operated. The endotracheal intubation was done for men with tubes #8-8.5 and for women with tubes 7-7.5. The presence and severity sore throat and the hoarseness after operation were checked by a nurse after recovery. Data were recorded in a researcher-made checklist. The data were analyzed in SPSS 19. P <0.05 was considered.

RESULTS:
The results revealed that the majority of participants suffered a slight hoarseness within the 1st hour (73.3%), 12th hour (91.1%), and 24th hour (100%) after recovery. Similarly, most participants experienced a slight hoarseness in the 1st hour (57.8%), 12th hour (71.1%), and 24th hour (91.1%) after recovery. Kruskal–Wallis test results showed no statistically significant correlation between hoarseness and the level of endotracheal cuff pressure in the three groups (P > .05).

CONCLUSION:
According to the results of the present study, despite the fact that the range of 20 to 34 cm of water is a safe and risk-free range in terms of causing sore throat and hoarseness, and there was no difference between the pressures in the three groups, but at higher pressure (groups 2 and 3), the amount of sore throat and hoarseness was more and there was a statistically significant difference at different times within group. Therefore, as much as possible, the amount of pressure should be adjusted according to the need and avoid applying excess pressure.
Preoperative nebulization with dexamethasone or magnesium sulfate for prevention of incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat – A prospective randomized comparative study
Authors: Hembrom Shweta Bharti , Kumari Bibha , Kumar Arvind , Tufail Tuba , Hussain Mumtaz , Bharti Alok Kumar 
Published: September 2024

Introduction:
Postoperative sore throat (POST) is a common cause of distress and dissatisfaction after general anesthesia. POST is one of the most distressing symptoms after general anesthesia. Incidence of POST ranges from 14.4% to 90% following laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. Various drugs with different routes are examined to prevent POST. We intended to compare the effectiveness of nebulized dexamethasone and magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) in decreasing the incidence and severity of POST.

Materials and Methods:
In this prospective double-blind study, adult patients with either sex undergoing laryngoscopy and intubation for surgery were randomly assigned into dexamethasone (Group D) and MgSO4 (Group M). The primary outcome was to assess incidence and severity of POST, and secondary outcome was to assess the incidence of hoarseness and cough. Continuous variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, and t-test was applied for comparing the difference of means between the two groups. P ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:
The incidence of POST in Group D was much lower as compared to Group M at 0 h (P = 0.0262), but after that, there was no significant difference between groups. Severity of POST was compared between Group D and Group M at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. At 0 h, Group D had 22 patients with no pain at rest (Grade 0) whereas Group M had 12 patients. The secondary outcomes (pain at deglutition, hoarseness, and cough) at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusions:
Preoperative MgSO4 nebulization is as effective as dexamethasone nebulization in decreasing the incidence and severity of POST without causing any adverse effect. Incidence of pain on deglutition, hoarseness, and cough are also reduced effectively by both drugs.
Personal protective equipment and health-care workers
Authors: Ellenkil Anitta Jose , Bharadwajj Nitin Dutt , Mishra Uday Bhakar 
Published: September 2024

Background and Objective:
The study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice viz-a-viz to the use of Personnel protective equipment among the health-care staff of a government tertiary care teaching hospital.

Methodology:
The study was performed in a government tertiary care teaching hospital. The study design was cross-sectional and descriptive. The study was carried out in the Clinical areas of the hospital and included 407 health-care professionals (academic resident doctors, nursing officers, paramedical staff and housekeeping staff) who have consented to participate in the study. A structured and validated questionnaire was prepared based on the standard guidelines described in the Infection Prevention and Control Manual, MOHFW, GOI published in 2018. The parts of the study tool were divided into five parts. The results were statistically analyzed (MS Office spreadsheet version 2007 and IBM-SPSS Version 20).

Results:
The study included 407 participants; 91 (22.4%) academic resident doctors, 122 (30%) nursing officers, 23 (5.7%) paramedical staff, and 171 (42%) housekeeping staff, respectively. The overall knowledge, attitude, and practice aspect of the personal protective equipment (PPE) were comparatively low. The overall mean score of knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding PPE was 0.73, 0.72, and 0.22 out of 1.

Conclusion and Recommendations:
The knowledge aspect of PPE of health-care professionals was good for nursing officers whereas with respect to the attitude and practice aspect, it was found that in the majority of areas, the housekeeping staff were performing better than the other cadres. The author recommends regular inspection by the clinicians and administrators to ensure compliance; and to provide training for the health-care professionals with regard to the types of PPE to be used and when all to be used as per the job undertaken as a reminder/continuous medical education.
Academic Status/Achievement of the Leaders in Medicine: Does It Have Any Importance in India
Authors: Yadav Amitabh , Tiwari Parmanand , Nundy Samiran 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
An individual’s research output is one of the important yardsticks in most western countries, which is one of the multiple parameters used to judge whether the person is suitable for an important position like the president of a medical associations or head of an institution.

Aims:
We examined the research output of association and institutional heads in medicine in India to see how they compare with their counterparts in the United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America (USA).

Materials and Methods:
Using the Scopus database, we compared the average of the numbers of publications, number of citations and h-index of the presidents of a number of medical associations and vice chancellors, directors or deans of academic medical institutions in India, UK and USA for the year 2021–2022.

Results:
The average number of publications from association presidents in India was 65, UK – 77 and the USA – 183, citations were 1355, 2407 and 10,955, and their h-indexes were 11, 19 and 39. The average number of research publications, citations and h-index of the heads of institutions in India, UK and USA was 98, 191 and 245, respectively; citations were 1171, 10,822 and 22,300 and h-index were 15, 47 and 67.

Conclusions:
Individuals holding important position in medical associations and institutions in the USA were ahead in their research output compared to those in the UK and India.
Cooking fuel used and noncommunicable diseases in China: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Olagunju Mobolaji Timothy , Abodunrin Olunike Rebecca , Ola Oluwabukola Mary , Olagunju Ifeoluwa Olaitan , Diawara Massira Ousenni , Yakubu Salimata , Akinsolu Folahanmi Tomiwa 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
China’s rapid growth has led to environmental, health, and economic challenges due to the widespread use of solid fuels such as coal and biomass. This issue is particularly prevalent in rural areas and affects 2.4 billion people globally. The harmful compounds released from burning these fuels are linked to various health issues. This review aims to summarize the health implications of solid fuel use in China and provide recommendations for cleaner cooking fuels. The study investigates the link between solid cooking fuel use and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in China. It includes data from 2000 to 2022, with a focus on indoor air pollution and NCD development. The research adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses 2020 guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The search yielded 16 studies examining the link between solid cooking fuel use and NCDs in China. These studies covered a range of NCDs and indoor pollutants across 26 provinces, offering a comprehensive exploration of the relationship between indoor air pollution and NCDs. The findings revealed a significant prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung cancer attributable to indoor air pollution exposure. The study underscores the need for public health intervention to reduce the burden of NCDs and promote the adoption of clean fuel. The evidence provided could motivate policies to encourage cleaner fuel usage.