bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative embryogenesis of Mecoptera and Lepidoptera with special reference to the abdominal prolegs
Authors: Kou Li‐Xuan , Hua Bao‐Zhen 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe eruciform larvae of holometabolous insects are primarily characterized by bearing a varying number of abdominal prolegs in addition to three pairs of thoracic legs. However, whether the prolegs are evolutionarily homologous among different insect orders is still a disputable issue. We examined the embryonic features and histological structure of the prolegs of the scorpionfly Panorpa byersi Hua and Huang (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) and the Oriental armyworm Mythimna separata (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to investigate whether the prolegs are homologous between these two holometabolous insect orders. In the scorpionfly, paired lateral process primordia arise on abdominal segments I–VIII (A1–A8) in line with the thoracic legs in early embryonic stages, but degenerate into triangular protuberances in later stages, and paired medial processes appear along the midventral line before dorsal closure and eventually develop into unjointed, cone‐shaped prolegs. Histological observation showed that the lumina of the prolegs are not continuous with the hemocoel, differing distinctly from that of the basic appendicular plan of thoracic legs. These results suggest that the prolegs are likely secondary outgrowths in Mecoptera. In the armyworm, lateral process primordia appear on A1–A10 in alignment with the thoracic legs in the early embryonic stages, although only the rudiments on A3–A6 and A10 develop into segmented prolegs with the lumina continuous with the hemocoel and others degenerate eventually, suggesting that the prolegs are true segmental appendages serially homologous with the thoracic legs in Lepidoptera. Therefore, we conclude that the larval prolegs are likely not evolutionarily homologous between Mecoptera and Lepidoptera. J. Morphol. 277:585–593, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantitative BOLD imaging at 3T: Temporal changes in hepatocellular carcinoma and fibrosis following oxygen challenge
Authors: Patterson Andrew J. , Priest Andrew N. , Bowden David J. , Wallace Tess E. , Patterson Ilse , Graves Martin J. , Lomas David J. 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo evaluate the utility of oxygen challenge and report on temporal changes in blood oxygenation level‐dependent (BOLD) contrast in normal liver, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and background fibrosis.Materials and MethodsEleven volunteers (nine male and two female, mean age 33.5, range 27–41 years) and 10 patients (nine male and one female, mean age 68.9, range 56–87 years) with hepatocellular carcinoma on a background of diffuse liver disease were recruited. Imaging was performed on a 3T system using a multiphase, multiecho, fast gradient echo sequence. Oxygen was administered via a Hudson mask after 2 minutes of free‐breathing. Paired t‐tests were performed to determine if the mean pre‐ and post‐O2 differences were statistically significant.ResultsIn patients with liver fibrosis (n = 8) the change in
following O2 administration was elevated (0.88 ± 0.582 msec, range 0.03–1.69 msec) and the difference was significant (P = 0.004). The magnitude of the BOLD response in patients with HCC (n = 10) was larger, however the response was more variable (1.07 ± 1.458 msec, range –0.93–3.26 msec), and the difference was borderline significant (P = 0.046). The BOLD response in the volunteer cohort was not significant (P = 0.121, 0.59 ± 1.162 msec, range –0.81–2.44 msec).ConclusionThis work demonstrates that the BOLD response following oxygen challenge within cirrhotic liver is consistent with a breakdown in vascular autoregulatory mechanisms. Similarly, the elevated BOLD response within HCC is consistent with the abnormal capillary vasculature within tumors and the arterialization of the blood supply. Our results suggest that oxygen challenge may prove a viable BOLD contrast mechanism in the liver. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:739–744.
Diffusion‐weighted quantitative MRI to diagnose benign conditions from malignancies of the anterior mediastinum: Improvement of diagnostic accuracy by comparing perfusion‐free to perfusion‐sensitive measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient
Authors: Priola Adriano Massimiliano , Priola Sandro Massimo , Gned Dario , Piacibello Edoardo , Sardo Diego , Parvis Guido , Torti Davide , Ardissone Francesco , Veltri Andrea 
Published: February 2016

PurposeTo compare perfusion‐free to perfusion‐sensitive measurements of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) to diagnose benign conditions from malignancies of the anterior mediastinum.Materials and MethodsSeventy‐six subjects were divided into a “benign conditions” group (A, n = 44) and a “malignancies” group (B, n = 32), based on histological findings. diffusion‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW‐MRI) was performed at b of 0/150/800 sec/mm2. The ADCs were obtained on an ADC map by including (perfusion‐sensitive = ADCb0‐800) and excluding (perfusion‐free = ADCb150‐800) the b = 0 sec/mm2. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to detect differences in ADCb0‐800 compared with ADCb150‐800 values between all cases, benign conditions, and malignancies. The same test was used to evaluate differences in ADCs between the two groups for each type of measurement (ADCb0‐800 and ADCb150‐800), and receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were obtained to evaluate discrimination abilities with comparison of areas‐under‐ROC‐curves (AUROC). Optimal cutpoints for discrimination between groups were determined by the Youden‐Index with computation of accuracy.ResultsThe median ADCb0‐800 was significantly greater compared with ADCb150‐800 for all cases (P = 0.0014), benign conditions (P = 0.0412), and malignancies (P = 0.0001). The median percentage of increase was 5.30% for group‐A and 22.39% for group‐B (P < 0.0001). AUROC of ADC in discriminating between groups was significantly greater for ADCb150‐800 (0.932) compared with ADCb0‐800 (0.831) (P = 0.001). The optimal cutpoint for distinction between groups was 1.52 × 10‐3mm2/sec (sensitivity = 93.7%, specificity = 88.6%, accuracy = 90.8%) for ADCb150‐800 and 1.75 × 10‐3mm2/sec (sensitivity = 75.0%, specificity = 79.5%, accuracy = 77.6%) for ADCb0‐800.ConclusionThe use of perfusion‐free ADC measurements significantly improves diagnostic accuracy of DW‐MRI in differentiating benign conditions from malignancies of the anterior mediastinum. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:758–769.
How affective commitment to the organization changes over time: A longitudinal analysis of the reciprocal relationships between affective organizational commitment and income
Authors: Gao‐Urhahn Xiaohan , Biemann Torsten , Jaros Stephen J. 
Published: February 2016

SummaryDespite many investigations concerning the outcomes of affective organizational commitment (AC) in the workplace, very few studies so far have analyzed the long‐term development of AC within individuals over time. Existing research either focused on individuals' initial employment stage or was restricted to a specific organizational context. To provide supplemental evidence, we examined the development of AC over 6 years in a group of employees that had passed their initial year of employment. Results from a factorial‐invariant latent change score model with 1004 individuals from different organizations in Korea indicated an overall increase of AC over time. To further explore why individuals differ in their growth patterns, we related intra‐individual changes of AC to individuals' income in two aspects: levels and changes. Cross‐lagged regression models firstly revealed positive reciprocal relationships between AC level and income level, showing an individual accumulation of AC over time. Furthermore, the study showed a significantly positive impact of income changes on AC changes, but not vice versa, illustrating the transition of AC at the individual level. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed, revealing future research on the development of commitment. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Asian–Pacific Oscillation pattern in CMIP5 simulations of historical and future climate
Authors: Zhou Botao 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBased on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) simulations, this article evaluated the performance of 33 coupled models in simulating the summer Asian–Pacific Oscillation (APO) pattern and projected its change under the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The results show that most of the individual models have good capacity to simulate the climate mean state of the spatial structure of the summer APO pattern, while some have poor skill in modelling its secular trend and interannual variability. The multimodel ensemble mean (MME) generally outperforms the individual models. It not only well reproduces the spatial distribution of the observed APO pattern, but also reasonably captures the observed negative trend and interannual variability of the APO. The MME projects a decrease in the APO intensity towards the end of 21st century under both the RCP4.5 and the RCP8.5 scenarios. Large differences in projected change under the two forcing scenarios start to emerge about in the 2040s, with larger decreasing under the RCP8.5 than that under the RCP4.5. Over the course of the second half of the 21st century, the APO pattern will shift eastward slightly in addition to the weakening in intensity as compared to the 1950–2005 mean climate. For the individual models, the majority of models agree on the sign of projected decreasing change in the APO intensity and also exhibit a stronger change under the RCP8.5 scenario than under the RCP4.5 scenario.
Recent temporal trend in modelled soil water deficit over Europe driven by meteorological observations
Authors: Cammalleri C. , Micale F. , Vogt J. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTThe Lisflood rainfall‐runoff model was forced by the E‐OBS (http://www.ecad.eu/download/ensembles/ensembles.php) gridded meteorological dataset in order to produce 5‐km resolution maps of root zone soil moisture for the period 1951–2013, which were used to evaluate the presence of significant trends in soil water deficit over Europe. The results of the trend analysis highlighted a clear subdivision of the European domain into two sub‐regions: a southwest portion with mostly positive trends (drying of the soil) and a northeast part with decreasing soil water deficit. Overall, about 19% of the domain was affected by a significant linear trend according to the Mann‐Kendall test and the false discovery rate (FDR) procedure (p = 0.05), with about 11.6% having a negative (wetting) and 7.6% a positive (drying) slope. A spatial cluster analysis identified 11 major areas (with extension > 10 000 km2) affected by significant trends, including the Ebro and Garonne basins (for positive slopes) and the Dniester watershed (for negative trends). A final analysis at national and sub‐national levels highlights that most of the observed trends are also significant when aggregated at a regional (NUTS‐1) spatial scale, detecting the administrative areas where water management planes are most likely affected. As drying and wetting processes are occurring mainly in the already driest and wettest sub‐areas of the modelling domain, respectively, the obtained results suggest a further polarization of the water deficit in Europe.
Kartogenin treatment prevented joint degeneration in a rodent model of osteoarthritis: A pilot study
Authors: Mohan Geetha , Magnitsky Sergey , Melkus Gerd , Subburaj Karupppasamy , Kazakia Galateia , Burghardt Andrew J. , Dang Alexis , Lane Nancy E. , Majumdar Sharmila 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTOsteoarthritis (OA) is a major degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, synovitis, subchondral bone changes, and osteophyte formation. Currently there is no treatment for OA except temporary pain relief and end‐stage joint replacement surgery. We performed a pilot study to determine the effect of kartogenin (KGN, a small molecule) on both cartilage and subchondral bone in a rat model of OA using multimodal imaging techniques. OA was induced in rats (OA and KGN treatment group) by anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) surgery in the right knee joint. Sham surgery was performed on the right knee joint of control group rats. KGN group rats received weekly intra‐articular injection of 125 μM KGN 1 week after surgery until week 12. All rats underwent in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after surgery. Quantitative MR relaxation measures (T1ρ and T2) were determined to evaluate changes in articular cartilage. Cartilage and bone turnover markers (COMP and CTX‐I) were determined at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Animals were sacrificed at week 12 and the knee joints were removed for micro‐computed tomography (micro‐CT) and histology. KGN treatment significantly lowered the T1ρ and T2 relaxation times indicating decreased cartilage degradation. KGN treatment significantly decreased COMP and CTX‐I levels indicating decreased cartilage and bone turnover rate. KGN treatment also prevented subchondral bone changes in the ACLT rat model of OA. Thus, kartogenin is a potential drug to prevent joint deterioration in post‐traumatic OA. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1780–1789, 2016.
Novel customized template designing for patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Huang Ai‐Bing , Qi Yan‐Song , Song Chang‐Hui , Zhang Ji‐Ying , Yang Yong‐Qiang , Yu Jia‐Kuo 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTDue to the irregular shape of patella and difficulty in identifying its bony landmarks, it can be a challenge for surgeons to accurately and symmetrically perform patellar resurfacing. Three‐dimensional (3D) models of 20 patellae were generated from computed tomographic images. Using a computer‐assisted preoperative planning technique, customized template designs were developed to guide patellar resurfacing. The patellar models and corresponding templates were produced through rapid prototyping. The accuracy of this technique was assessed after applying the templates on patellar models and cadaver specimens, respectively. Using preoperative planning and predesigned templates, a significant improvement in symmetric patellar resurfacing, with a mean angle of 1.21° mediolateral (ML) obliquity and 1.95° superoinferior (SI) obliquity, was observed compared with the conventional sawguide technique (mean angle of ML and SI was 4.13°, 4.95°, respectively). Additionally, the use of customized templates reproduced the desired preplanned patellar resection. Preoperative planning with 3D imaging and customized templates improved the accuracy of patellar resurfacing in terms of the obliquity and thickness. Clinical Relevance: A novel customized template designed for patellar resectioning will benefit surgeons in performing patellar resurfacing. This technique will provide accurate patellar resurfacing in clinical practice. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1798–1803, 2016.
Submicron‐surface structured tricalcium phosphate ceramic enhances the bone regeneration in canine spine environment
Authors: Duan Rongquan , Barbieri Davide , Luo Xiaoman , Weng Jie , de Bruijn Joost D. , Yuan Huipin 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTCalcium phosphate ceramics with submicron‐scaled surface structure can trigger bone formation in non‐osseous sites and are expected to enhance bone formation in spine environment. In this study, two tricalcium phosphate ceramics having either a submicron‐scaled surface structure (TCP‐S) or a micron‐scaled one (TCP‐B) were prepared and characterized regarding their physicochemical properties. Granules (size 1–2 mm) of both materials were implanted on either left or right side of spinous process, between the two lumbar vertebrae (L3‐L4), and in paraspinal muscle of eight beagles. After 12 weeks of implantation, ectopic bone was observed in muscle in TCP‐S explants (7.7 ± 3.7%), confirming their ability to inductively form bone in non‐osseous sites. In contrast, TCP‐B implants did not lead to bone formation in muscle. Abundant bone (34.1 ± 6.6%) was formed within TCP‐S implants beside the two spinous processes, while limited bone (5.1 ± 4.5%) was seen in TCP‐B. Furthermore, the material resorption of TCP‐S was more pronounced than that of TCP‐B in both the muscle and spine environments. The results herein indicate that the submicron‐scaled surface structured tricalcium phosphate ceramic could enhance bone regeneration as compared to the micron‐scaled one in spine environment. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1865–1873, 2016.
Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity and Parkinson's disease risk in patients with essential tremor
Authors: Sprenger Fabienne S. , Wurster Isabel , Seppi Klaus , Stockner Heike , Scherfler Christoph , Sojer Martin , Schmidauer Christof , Berg Daniela , Poewe Werner 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTBackgroundSeveral studies have reported an increased risk for patients with essential tremor to develop Parkinson's disease. In addition, hyperechogenicity in the area of the substantia nigra has been associated with a markedly increased risk for Parkinson's disease. The objective of this study was to evaluate the validity of substantia nigra hyperechogenicity in patients with essential tremor as a risk marker for Parkinson's disease.MethodsTranscranial sonography was performed in 70 patients suffering from essential tremor. Fifty‐four of these patients were available for follow‐up after a mean of 6.16 ± 2.05 years and were assessed for the incidence of new‐onset Parkinson's disease.ResultsThe relative risk for developing Parkinson's disease in patients with essential tremor who had hyperechogenicity at baseline versus those without this hyperechogenicity was 7.00 (95% confidence interval, 1.62–30.34; sensitivity, 77.8%; specificity, 75.6%).ConclusionsSubstantia nigra hyperechogenicity is also associated with an increased risk for Parkinson's disease in patients with essential tremor. These findings further support the potential role of this echofeature as a risk marker for Parkinson's disease. © 2016 Movement Disorder Society
Chemoinformatic Classification Methods and their Applicability Domain
Authors: Mathea Miriam , Klingspohn Waldemar , Baumann Knut 
Published: February 2016

AbstractClassification rules are often used in chemoinformatics to predict categorical properties of drug candidates related to bioactivity from explanatory variables, which encode the respective molecular structures (i.e. molecular descriptors). To avoid predictions with an unduly large error probability, the domain the classifier is applied to should be restricted to the domain covered by the training set objects. This latter domain is commonly referred to as applicability domain in chemoinformatics. Conceptually, the applicability domain defines the region in space where the “normal” objects are located. Defining the border of the applicability domain may then be viewed as detecting anomalous or novel objects or as detecting outliers. Currently two different types of measures are in use. The first one defines the applicability domain solely in terms of the molecular descriptor space, which is referred to as novelty detection. The second type defines the applicability domain in terms of the expected reliability of the predictions which is referred to as confidence estimation. Both types are systematically differentiated here and the most popular measures are reviewed. It will be shown that all common chemoinformatic classifiers have built‐in confidence scores. Since confidence estimation uses information of the class labels for computing the confidence scores, it is expected to be more efficient in reducing the error rate than novelty detection, which solely uses the information of the explanatory variables.
Urodynamic findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients with lower urinary tract symptoms: Results from a pilot study
Authors: Arlandis Salvador , Vázquez‐Costa Juan Francisco , Martínez‐Cuenca Esther , Sevilla Teresa , Boronat Francisco , Broseta Enrique 
Published: February 2016

AimsTo determine lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) prevalence and urodynamic findings in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients treated in our hospital.MethodsCross‐sectional and descriptive study on a cohort of ALS patients. Validated questionnaires (ICIQ‐SF, IPSS, and OAB‐V8) were self‐administered in order to evaluate the presence of LUTS. Symptoms were classified as clinically significant (csLUTS), if any of following scores, IPSS > 7, ICIQ‐SF > 0, or OAB‐V8 ≥ 8, were present. Urodynamic study was offered to csLUTS patients. Physical examination and prostate ultrasound were also performed.ResultsFifty five of seventy nine (70%) ALS patients accepted to participate in the study. Only 24/55 (43.6%) patients met criteria for csLUTS and 13 patients reported urgency urinary incontinence (26.3%). Most of csLUTS patients complained of mixed symptoms (82.6%). QoL measured by IPSS was 2.1 ± 1.5, 20% scoring as mostly dissatisfied or unhappy. Average QoL ICIQ‐SF scoring was 3.17 ± 3, 33% complained of moderate to severe bother. Ten of twenty four (41.7%) csLUTS patients consented to UDS. The most frequent finding was detrusor overactivity with obstruction due to non‐relaxing external sphincter (five patients) or bladder neck (two patients). Two patients showed normal bladder filling but non‐relaxing external sphincter during voiding. UDS was normal in one patient.ConclusionsIn this small pilot study we found a high prevalence of csLUTS in ALS which are mainly related to a combination of voiding and storage symptoms. In most patients, symptoms are caused by overactive detrusor combined with non‐relaxing sphincter. Severity of symptoms and impact in QoL is only moderate but in a subset of patients can be considerable. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:626–631, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimization design of RBF‐ARX model and application research on flatness control system
Authors: Zhang Xiu‐Ling , Cheng Long , Hao Shuang , Gao Wu‐Yang , Lai Yong‐Jin 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe radial basis function (RBF) network and autoregressive exogenous (ARX) model are combined to form the structure of the RBF‐ARX model. The RBF‐ARX model can describe the global nonlinear dynamic process of the object, and its function coefficients are approximated by data‐driven method. The structured nonlinear parameters optimization method (SNPOM) is generally used to optimize model parameters, but this method is very complicated and hard to be mastered by engineers. However, genetic algorithm (GA) is simple and widely used. So the thought of GA optimizing RBF‐ARX is generated, called GA‐ARX‐RBF, and applied to nonlinear dynamic flatness control system. In this article, the recursive least squares method to optimize linear weights of RBF is also used to improve the SNPOM, which reduces the complexity and storage capacity of data processing. Meanwhile, GA to optimize all the parameters of the RBF‐ARX model replaces SNPOM completely. A GA‐RBF‐ARX modeling and optimizing method is proposed. In order to prove the efficiency of GA‐RBF‐ARX, it is applied into flatness control system, which has the characters of nonlinear, multivariable, and multi‐disturbance. The flatness recognition model and flatness predictive model are established. A predictive controller based on GA‐RBF‐ARX is designed for 900HC reversible cold rolling mill. The simulation results demonstrate that the flatness control system based on GA‐RBF‐ARX is effective and has a better precision. The method is easily mastered by engineers and helps to promote the practical value of RBF‐ARX. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.