bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PSXII-21 How does the inclusion of dried distillers grains plus soluble affect short-chain fatty acid and methane production in feedlot diets?
Authors: de Coelho Larissa M , Furtado Althieres J , de Santos Torres Rodrigo Nazaré S , Consilio Maristela , Oliveira Mário O , Lima Lidia M , Junior Flavio Perna , Tedeschi Luis O , Oliveira Patricia P A , Almeida Amelia K , Santos Flávio Augusto Portela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The inclusion of the coproduct dry distillers grains plus soluble (DDGS) in the diet of finishing cattle can lead to changes in the nutritional profile of the diets, causing an increase in protein content and a reduction in starch. It is necessary to understand how changes in rumen substrates affect rumen metabolic activity, acids, and enteric methane (CH4) production. Five treatments were used, considering levels of DDGS inclusion in the dry matter (DM) of 1) 0 g/kg of DDGS, 2) 150 g/kg of DDGS, 3) 300 g/kg of DDGS, 4) 450 g/kg DDGS, or 5) 600 g/kg DDGS in finishing diets. The metabolism experiment was conducted with rumen-cannulated Nellore bulls (n = 20) with initial body weight (BW) of 401.8 ± 27.0 kg. The production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) and CH4 were determined using the ex-situ ruminal fermentation technique. Rumen content was manually collected from 0, 4, 8 and 12 h post-feeding. The liquid and solid fractions of rumen content were used in four 50 mL penicillin-type flasks per animal. Of the four flasks prepared, two are called “blank” and inactivated in boiling water to stop fermentation, and the other two (microrumen) are incubated in a thermostatic bath, simulating the conditions existing in the rumen of animals (presence of microorganisms, anaerobes, temperature of 39ºC, natural animal saliva, physiological pH) for 30 min. After 30 min, incubated flasks were also inactivated in boiling water to stop fermentation. Subsequently, measurements of the final products of rumen fermentation (SCFA and CH4) were carried out in each bottle. Total rumen emptying was performed to determine the rumen pool of DM. The data will be analyzed in the SAS software, the mean of the treatments will be compared using test of mean and orthogonal contrasts. The declared significance is P ≤ 0.05. The inclusion or levels of DDGS did not affect CH4 production of gּ kg DM-1ּ d-1 and gּ kg DM-1ּ d-1 (P &gt; 0.05). There was an effect of the treatments on the production of propionate (gּ kg DM-1ּ d-1; P = 0.0448), with a decreasing linear effect (P = 0.0087) with the increase in the inclusion of DDGS in diet (0; 150; 300; 450; 600 g/kg of DDGS; means 137.20; 160.32; 117.60; 87.09; 91.52 gּ kg DM-1ּ d-1 propionate, respectively). There was no effect of DDGS levels on the production of Acetate, Butyrate, or total SCFAs (gּ kg DM-1ּ d-1). In summary, DDGS inclusion affects rumen metabolic activity, decreasing propionate production, but does not affect the production of other SCFAs nor CH4 production.
PSXII-22 Ruminal in situ dry matter and starch degradability in grain sorghum silage, as affected by processing and storage time
Authors: Abdelhadi Leandro O , Maderal Araceli B , Fernandez-Marenchino Ignacio , de Vargas Juan J , Fernandez-Lehman Andres , Tarnonsky Federico , Mattioli Guillermo , DiLorenzo Nicolas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Our previous studies showed that processing sorghum silage at harvest and storing for approximately 150 d, improved average daily gain (ADG), feed efficiency (FE) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of starch when included as the basal ingredient in diets fed to growing Angus heifers. However, differences in animal performance and nutrient digestibility disappeared when the same sorghum silage was fed again after 1 yr of storage. An experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of kernel processing and storage time on ruminal in situ degradability of sorghum silage (SS). A grain sorghum (ADV2450IG, Advanta seeds, Irving, TX) was harvested (Claas Jaguar 930, Harsewinkel, Germany) at the late-dough stage of grain maturity. Treatments were applied at harvest and consisted of sorghum berry processing (PRO) with a specific SS kernel processor (196 mm rolls of 125 teeth each, 40% speed differential, 1.1 mm roll gap), or not processed at all (NPR). Silage was chopped at 15 mm theoretical length of cut and ensiled in polyethylene ag bags (60 m long and 2.74 m diameter), for 455 d. Samples were taken from each treatment on d 0, 66, 112, 157, 202, 246, 291, 336, 381, 426, and 455 and were kept frozen until analyzed. Samples were dried but not ground, to avoid affecting treatments. Ruminal in situ degradability of dry matter (DM) and starch was determined by incubating nylon bags for 24 h in duplicate, in the rumen of four ruminally cannulated steers consuming a corn silage-based diet. Data were analyzed as a randomized block design with repeated measures. The fixed effect of treatment, day and their interaction were included in the model and the repeated subject was considered the animal within treatment. A storage day × treatment interaction was detected for in situ DM degradability (P &lt; 0.001). The PRO treatment increased (P &lt; 0.05) in situ DM degradability at 66 and 202 d of storage and tended to increase it (P = 0.07) at 157 and 291 d of storage. An effect of storage day (P &lt; 0.05) was observed for in situ starch degradability and because there was no interaction with treatment (P = 0.43), treatments means were compared across storage days. No differences were detected in ruminal in situ digestibility of DM or starch when silage was stored for 202 d, when compared with d 0 (P = 0.43), while starch degradability increased when silage was stored for 202 and 291 d (P &lt; 0.03). At 381 d of storage, no differences were detected for starch degradability when compared with d 0. In conclusion, berry processing of sorghum when harvested for silage, increased ruminal in situ DM degradability. However, those differences disappear after more than 200 d of storage, in agreement with animal performance data previously reported by our group.
PSXIII-22 Intake, digestibility, and ruminal parameters of Nellore cattle fed with amylolytic and fibrolytic enzymes in feedlot
Authors: Ferreira Igor Machado Machado , Rodrigues Aline Naime Naime , José Inácio de Abreu Mateus José Inácio , Teixeira Rodrigues de Almeida Saulo T , David Gabriel Santos Souza , Domingos Bianca Rodrigues , Viquez-Umana Fiorella L , Rodrigues Arlan Araújo , Cuquetto Mantovani Hilário C , Silva Luiz Fernando Costa e , Koontz Anne , Siqueira Gustavo Rezende Rezende , de Resende Flávio Dutra de Dutra 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study was carried out to evaluate the use of dietary exogenous enzyme (ENZ) products with amylolytic and fibrolytic activity on nutrient intake, digestibility, and ruminal volatile fatty acids production (VFA) of Nellore cattle in feedlot. Rumen-cannulated Nellore steers [n = 10; body weight (BW) = 543 kg ± 28.6 BW] were distributed in a replicated Latin-square design (5 × 5) in individual pens. The treatments consisted of a negative control (CON; without ENZ); Amylase (AML; Amaize, Alltech, 0.5 g/kg of DM); Xylanase (FBL, Fibrozyme, Alltech, 0.9 g/kg of DM); Half dose (HD; AML 0.25 g/kg of diet DM and FBL 0.45 g/kg of diet DM); and Full dose (FD; AML 0.5 g/kg of diet DM and FBL 0.90 g/kg of diet DM; Table 1). The experimental period lasted 19 d (14 d of adaptation and 5 d of collection). Between d 15 and 18, total fecal collection was performed and on d 19 rumen fluid was collected at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16 h post-feeding for ammonia, VFA, and pH determination. The data were analyzed as orthogonal contrasts using SAS: (C1) CON vs. ENZ, (C2) AML vs. FBL, (C3) HD vs. FD, and (C4) AML + FBL vs. HD + FD. There were no C1 differences for nutrient digestibility, total VFA, or ruminal pH (P &gt; 0.10). However, a tendency effect in neutral detergent fiber (NDF) intake (P = 0.065) was observed, where animals fed ENZ had reduced values compared with animals kept in CON group. In the same way, ENZ reduced ther extract (EE) intake (P = 0.023), ruminal ammonia (P &lt; 0.001), and isovalerate proportion (P = 0.080) as well as increased proportion of acetate (P &lt; 0.001), valerate (P &lt; 0.001) and acetate:propionate ratio (P = 0.030). No differences were observed in nutrient intake between AML and FBL (P &gt; 0.10), but AML had greater organic matter (OM) digestibility (P = 0.097) and ruminal valerate (P = 0.039) and decreased butyrate proportion (P = 0.068). Animals that received FD had greater values of dry matter (DM; P = 0.009) and OM (P &lt; 0.001) digestibility than HD. The enzyme combination resulted in greater DM (P = 0.026), OM (P = 0.062), crude protein (P = 0.018), EE (P = 0.063) and NDF (P = 0.040) intake and reduced OM digestibility (P = 0.008) compared with AML and FBL alone. The addition of exogenous enzymes in feedlot diets affected nutrient utilization and ruminal fermentation of Nellore cattle fed a feedlot finishing diet.
PSIX-27 Ultrasound scanning of carcass traits in Katahdin lambs for predictive breeding value and marketing premium
Authors: Wuliji Tumen , Lourenco Raquel V , Tu Niya , Davis Dennis 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Ultrasound scanning (USS) technique has been routinely used in performance testing of meat animals, such as swine and beef cattle. This study is to evaluate USS application in organic lamb production, selection, and the accuracy of carcass traits and market value prediction. Ewes (n = 60) were bred, pregnancy diagnosed at 40 d post-mating, and their suckling lambs were assigned to two groups, a non-creep feeding (control) and creep feeding (treatment) group. Each group was balanced with sexes and litter size when allocated into groups at 30-d of age. All lambs had unrestricted suckled their dams during pasture grazing or grazing with creep feeding supplementation until weaning. There were 28 control and 32 treatment group lambs presented at weaning 90 d of age. Lambs were continued to graze as two groups on fescue-based pasture or grazing with creep feeding supplementation till marketing at 120 d. Weaning body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and post-weaning growth weight were significantly (P &lt; 0.05) greater than control 24.0 kg, 226 g/d, and 28.0 kg for treatment group compared with control group at 21.3 kg, 196 g/d, and 25.3 kg, respectively. However, AGD was not significantly increased during the post-weaning creep supplementary feeding period. The ultrasound scanned carcass traits increase in creep feeding over control lambs at weaning and post-weaning measurements (Figure 1). The average ultrasound scanned back fat depth, loineye muscle depth, muscle width, and loineye muscle area were 2.2 mm, 17.9 mm, 45.6 mm and 5.8 cm2 at weaning age of 90 d; and 2.6 mm, 20.9 mm, 48.0 mm, and 7.0 cm2 at 120 d, respectively. The correlative associations (Table 1) between carcass traits and lamb BW, such as loineye muscle depth (LED), loineye muscle width (LEW), loineye muscle depth (LED) and loineye muscle area (LEA), and LEA were significantly improved (P &lt; 0.05) with increased BW. However, there was no difference in these traits due to treatment except backfat depth, which was significantly higher for treatment and females. Creep supplementary feeding lambs during pre-weaning has increased ADG and weaning weight; therefore, will enhance market values of organically raised lambs. The results indicate that USS technique is worthy of application in meat lamb selection, post-weaning performance and market premium prediction.
PSX-27 Growth performance and immune response dynamics in weaned lambs with subclinical Haemonchus contortus parasite infection
Authors: Jawad Hamza , Gellatly Desiree , Lei Yaogeng , Osonowo Olufemi , Gilleard John S , Miar Jounes , Manafiazar Ghader , Thompson Sean 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Parasite infections, particularly from Haemonchus contortus, hinder sheep production in Canada by reducing weight gain and immunity. Current diagnosis and treatment methods rely on observing symptoms and the blind administration of anthelmintic drugs, resulting in escalating costs and the development of drug-resistant parasites. This study aimed to identify the exact time-point when subclinical H. contortus parasite infection affects growth performance and triggers an immune response. A total of 60 Rideau Arcott ewe lambs (~7-8 mo old), confirmed to be parasite-free, were randomly assigned in a 2 x 2 factorial design assessing inoculation treatment (TRT): oral inoculation (IN) with a solution containing 5,000 L3 strain of H. contortus or sham inoculation (CT) using water solution as control; and drench (DRENCH) administration: oral drench (D), 28-days post-inoculation, with a combination of 0.08% ivermectin solution (200 mcg per kg of BW; Durvet®) and 10% oral suspension of fenbendazole (2.5 mL per 50 kg of BW; Safe-guard®), or water solution (non-drenched, ND), resulting in four treatment groups: IN-D, IN-ND, CT-D, and CT-ND (n=15/treatment). Lambs were equally assigned to four feedlot pens (two replicates/treatment) for 57 days (d) with ad libitum access to a grain-based total mixed ration and water. Animals were individually weighed (BW) and blood sampled on days -1 and 0 (baseline), as well as on days 7, 21, 28, 35, 42, 56, and 57 post-inoculations (DAY); average daily gain (ADG) was calculated for the entire experimental period. White blood cells count (WBC) was used as an indicator of infection and red blood cell count (RBC) as indicator of anemia. Data was analyzed using a mixed-effects model including TRT, DRENCH, DAY (and their interactions) as fixed effects. Overall, CT lambs were heavier (TRT effect; P &lt; 0.05) and had a tendency of greater (TRT effect; P = 0.08) ADG than IN lambs. The IN lambs had a tendency of greater (TRT*DAY; P = 0.07) WBC on d 7 than CT lambs. Additionally, IN-ND had lower (TRT*DRENCH; P &lt; 0.05) WBC than IN-D lambs (1.9 and 2.0 ± 0.042 x 109/L, respectively). A significant (TRT*DRENCH*DAY; P &lt; 0.01) interaction was found on RBC. The CT-D had lower (P &lt; 0.05) RBC on d 7 and greater (P &lt; 0.05) on d 28, 35, 42, and 57 than IN-ND as well as on d 28 than IN-D. Furthermore, CT-ND had greater (P &lt; 0.05) RBC on d 21, 28 and 35 than IN-D and from d 21 to 57 than IN-ND. The IN-D had greater (P &lt; 0.01) RBC from d 35 to 57 than IN-ND. These findings suggest compromised growth in both drenched and non-drenched infected groups. Infection slightly peaked in the infected lambs on d 7 post-inoculation, but drench administration was effective at mitigating overall infection by day 21 and the anemia by day 35.
PSX-29 Evaluation of a vaccine in sheep to control foot rot in the Southeast
Authors: Hersom Matt J , Miller Maggie 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Foot rot in sheep is a condition that can affect performance and well-being. Reactive therapeutic injectable antibiotic treatment (RTA) can be effective at resolving foot rot but often requires serial treatment of animals. RTA does not facilitate the animal industry goals of decreased antibiotic use in food producing animals. Our object was to evaluate if vaccinating ewes against foot rot prior to the onset of a wet season would decrease the number of ewes that experience foot rot, the number of ewes treated, and the number of treatments in affected ewes compared with RTA only. At weaning, Suffolk and Texel ewes (n = 80) were blocked by breed, age, foot rot status, and body weight (BW). Ewes were randomly allocated one of two treatments: Control ewes were monitored for foot rot and administered RTA to treat foot rot symptoms, or Vaccine ewes were administered a foot rot vaccine and boosted 42 d later and subsequently monitored for foot rot symptoms. Ewes were scored for foot rot using an index of lameness, incidence, and severity scoring. An index score of 3 indicated a foot rot event and resulted in RTA of intramuscular administration long acting oxytetracyline. Ewes not responding to the initial RTA received a macrolide antibiotic administered (Tulathromycin or Gamithromycin) at the label dose. Body weight and body condition score (BCS) were collected from ewes on d -1, 0, 51, 134, and 185. Locomotion, incidence, and severity scores were collected on the same dates. Ewe BW, BCS, and were analyzed using the Mixed procedure of SAS. Incidence of locomotion, incidence, severity, treatments, and index were analyzed using Glimmix procedure of SAS to determine odd ratio estimates. Neither ewe BW nor BCS were affected by vaccination treatment (P ≥ 0.85). Control ewes were 2.35, 1.96, 1.83, 2.23 and 2.69 times more likely (P ≤ 0.008) to have greater locomotion, incidence, severity, index scores respectively, and were 2.69 times more likely (P = 0.001) to require RTA compared with ewes that were vaccinated. Total cost for RTA were $110 greater for Control than Vaccine group because of a greater number of treatments. However, total costs and $/ewe cost were greater for the Vaccine group because of vaccine and RTA costs. The value of decreased incidence of foot rot in the Vaccine group is not captured in this analysis. The foot rot vaccine decreased the measures of foot rot and fewer RTA in vaccinated mature ewes, which supports the food animal industry goal of decreased antibiotic use. However, the price of the vaccine does create an economic disincentive unless other economic benefits can be valued.
PSVII-26 Metaproteomic assessment of pre- and post-weaned pigs reveals the microbial protein dynamics involved in amino acid biosynthesis
Authors: Rivera Israel , Harlow KaLynn , Cole Robert N , O’Meally Robert , Garret Wesley , Xiong Weili , Oliver William T , Wells Jim E , Summers Katie , Postnikova Olga , Davies Cary P 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The digestion, absorption, and metabolism of amino acids has an indispensable role in the growth, immunity, and intestinal development of pigs. The gut microbiota contributes to the generation of amino acids which can be used by the host and may compensate for the lack of essential amino acids in the diet. Disruptions to the homeostatic balance of the microbial community can lead to changes in the metabolic profile and have been associated with increased susceptibility to intestinal diseases. Due to dietary and physiological changes, microbial dysbiosis is common at weaning and alterations to the gut microbiota can affect the synthesis of amino acids that are critical to many host processes. Hence, it is imperative we understand the metabolism of amino acids in piglets during the weaning transition and identify the microbes involved in the production of these organic compounds. Using healthy pigs in combination with metaproteome analysis, we evaluated the abundance of microbial proteins involved in the synthesis of amino acids in response to weaning. Our results show that microbial proteins associated with the production of L-aspartate/L-asparagine and the essential amino acid L-arginine were greater in nursing pigs in comparison with post-wean pigs. Notably, proteins involved in the biosynthesis of the limiting amino acids, L-lysine and L-threonine were elevated in post-weaned individuals and the genus Anaerovibrio displayed the greatest contribution to protein abundance. Production of the amino acids L-serine/glycine, and the essential branched-chain amino acids L-valine and L-isoleucine remained abundant in both timepoints regardless of the day of sampling. In general, microbes from the orders Bacteroidales (genera: Bacteroides), Eubacteriales (Subdoligranulum) and Lachnospirales (Eisenbergiella) were the principal producers of amino acids in nursing pigs, whereas the orders Selenomonadales (Mitsuokella), Bacteroidales (Muribaculum and Prevotella) contributed to amino acid synthesis after weaning. This study demonstrates how weaning impacts the abundance of proteins involved in amino acid biosynthesis and identifies microbial members that can serve as candidates for probiotic applications and other therapeutics.
Feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth, individually-tailored healthy lifestyle intervention for adolescent and young adult pediatric cancer survivors
Authors: Faith Melissa A , Schimmel-Bristow Allison , Boone Dianna M , Johnston Julia D , Henschen Elizabeth , Beaupin Lynda , Sobalvarro Sarah 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Poor nutrition and physical activity pose negative health risks for adolescent and young adult pediatric cancer survivors (AYACS). Our pilot randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated feasibility and acceptability of a telehealth intervention (ENHANCE) supporting AYACS’ nutrition and physical activity.

Methods
We randomized 58 AYACS and their adult care partner, when applicable, to the ENHANCE or control condition. Inclusion required an age of 15–25 years, previous chemotherapy or radiation therapy, and no eating disorder history. We utilized a 2:1 (ENHANCE [n = 35]: control [n = 23]) double-blind block randomization protocol in blocks of 6. ENHANCE comprised 12 (60-min) sessions that included education, skill-building, and values-based healthy lifestyle decision-making. The first five sessions included motivational interviewing and the final seven sessions included problem-solving training/goal setting. We evaluated feasibility based on eligibility, enrollment, attrition, and study completion percentages. We assessed fidelity using the Session Content-Fidelity Rating Tool and the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity Coding form. We assessed acceptability using the Abbreviated Acceptability Rating Profile, the Revised Helping Alliance Questionnaire, and participants’ exit interviews.

Results
ENHANCE was feasible and highly acceptable; all but one participant who started the intervention completed all 12 sessions and all participants reported enjoying the intervention via objective assessment and during exit interviews. Interventionists delivered ENHANCE with high fidelity.

Conclusions
ENHANCE was highly acceptable among AYACS and care partners. The telehealth study design was feasible, suggesting benefits and feasibility of a future, larger, multisite RCT. Promising findings support our methodological decisions as important considerations to inform a larger RCT.
Regulation of Renewable Energy Projects
Authors: Sourgens Frédéric G , Baldwin Edward , Banet Catherine 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the regulatory framework for transnational renewable energy projects, focusing on the role of independent power producers (IPPs) in driving global renewable energy capacity growth. It details how IPPs fulfil core energy policy needs, highlighting their global significance in the transnational law of renewable energy. It also distinguishes between two approaches for involving IPPs in renewable energy expansion: market-based approaches that emphasize competition and market access and state-based approaches that concentrate on state control over energy markets. The chapter investigates the regulatory challenges of both market-based and state-based approaches, such as issues with unbundling in liberalized markets and transmission access planning. It includes the regulation of private power purchase agreements and the potential for regulatory change to lead to claims of unfair treatment by IPPs.