bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic Kick Detection Method and Preliminary Results
Authors: Ibarra Mauricio , Medina Jonatan , Romero Cristian , Bogino Denis , Krasuk Raúl , Horowitz Gabriel 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
An automatic kick detection software was developed to support the drilling operation in YPF's unconventional play. The software was tested off-line in seven wells. Of the 18 cases of kick occurred, 17 were correctly detected. This corresponds to an effectiveness of 94%. The false alarm frequency was of one per well drilled. This false alarm rate does not seem to undermine the reliability of the method. Although these results were obtained in only seven wells, they can be considered as promising.
Managed Pressure, Deep Water Drilling, and Logging Under Continuous Reservoir Cross Flow Conditions - A Case History
Authors: Haq Inam , Spriggs Paul , Buyers Gary , Burton Dave , Ignacio Garate Rafael , Amarilla Paez Sebastian , Gomes Joseph 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) and wireline logging under pressure were both successfully employed while drilling a pre salt, exploration well offshore Angola. The well was drilled with a 6th generation drillship using an integrated, Below Tension Ring (BTR) MPD package with the drilling contractor's Riser Gas Handler (RGH). Drilling exploration wells in pre-salt formations presents a plethora of challenges, with severe drilling fluid losses, often due to the natural fractures and/or vugular porosity encountered. This paper discusses the challenges faced drilling the desired hole section, managing severe losses, a downhole cross flow regime and high surface gas levels. Concern for exiting the salt section and taking total losses in a possible vugular carbonate is addressed and the contingent plans developed are discussed. Fluid loss management was critical and discussion is provided on the remediation methods used to limit losses. The paper describes how considerable gas was detected, handled and eventually controlled using the available surface equipment and methodology for preventing continuous gas influx and prolonged, off bottom circulating for removing the gas from the wellbore. Extensive wireline logging was completed, both at an intermediate stage and at total depth (TD). Most of the wireline logging was performed under minimal pressure with a logging adaptor installed in the rotating control device (RCD), 9 5/8" casing shooting nipple back to surface and wireline pressure control equipment (WPCE). The paper concludes with a series of key lessons learned that can be taken from this experience and considered when planning similar deep water, pre-salt exploration wells with the use of MPD equipment.
Installation of a Controlled Mud Level Managed Pressure Drilling System onto a MODU
Authors: Baten Robert , Cohen John , Gaassand Sturle , Golden John 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Many people believe in the benefits of incorporating Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) into well planning, which has been done onshore for a long time. In recent years this technology has been transferred to offshore drilling vessels. However, there appears to be some hesitation in widely implementing MPD solutions offshore, due most likely to perceptions regarding complexity and cost of integration. This paper has been written to communcate the scope associated with implementing a Controlled Mud Level (CML) MPD technology onto an offshore drilling vessel in order to allow Operators and Rig Contractors to evaluate the level of complexity involved. This paper emphasizes that the technology has now been integrated onto several rigs, allowing the CML provider, Rig Contractors and Operators to work out best practices for technology implementation. Integration of a CML system is now accomplished with standard products, a well-defined scope and experience-based understanding of what is required.
Decision Support for Dynamic Barrier Management: Enhancing Safety and Regulatory Compliance Assessment for Offshore Operations
Authors: Nelson William R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
An approach for Decision Support for Dynamic Barrier Management has been developed that combines safety barrier concepts from the offshore industry with success path concepts from the nuclear power industry. This approach has been used to develop decision support concepts for real-time monitoring of barrier health and guidance for actions to be taken when barriers are degraded or fail. The approach is based on the systematic identification of the information required to assess barrier health, instrumentation that can be used to provide this information, and clear decision criteria that prescribe when actions must be taken to restore degraded barriers or implement alternate success paths. The approach can also be used for continuous assessment of regulatory compliance during operations and communication with regulatory authorities regarding decisions for continued operation or shutdown following equipment failures. This paper summarizes lessons learned from major accidents in other industries including nuclear power and aerospace, and the experience gained from two multi-year projects involving offshore operators, a drilling contractor, and regulatory authorities for development of decision support systems for offshore production and drilling installations.
Adaptive Model Based Choke Control System for MPD Operations
Authors: Stakvik Jon Åge , Berg Christian , Kaasa Glenn-Ole , Aamo Ole Morten , Lehner Urs 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The focus of this paper is on the benefits of model-based control for performance of pressure control and how to enhance robustness against changes in system dynamics by use of adaptive control in managed pressure drilling (MPD) operations.
In this work, we present the advantages and disadvantages with adaptive model based control for MPD operations, by implementation of a choke pressure controller. The paper will show that model-based control enables pressure control down to fully closed choke and trapping pressure without a backpressure pump. Moreover, by adding adaption to the model-based controller it is made robust to changing well parameters, recovering control performance.
This is part of a pre-study and preparation for flow loop testing in Abu Dhabi Winter 2016, where performance and robustness of the controller is tested for gas influx and a variety of standpipe pump rates and pressure ranges. The purpose of the flow loop testing is to verify that the controller gives satisfactory performance and is the final test stage before the technology is ready for field use.
Analysis of the Impact on Drilling Performance of the RPM on Cessation Method of MWD Surveying Under MPD Operations
Authors: Monterrosa Leida C. , Zavros Kristin Clopton , Hussain Sajjad , Coffey Scott , Wilson Dave 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
The main purpose of this case study is to understand and evaluate how an innovative methodology for sending MWD surveys uphole, based on cessation of surface RPM rather than fluctuation of mud flow rate, leads to more effective and higher performance Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) operations while decreasing wellbore stability and HSE risks.
Conventional directional surveys are taken based on recycling of the mud pumps: mud flow is decreased below the MWD turn-on rate in order to switch off the tool and trigger the survey, and subsequently increased above this rate to switch the tool back on and send the survey uphole. Surveying based on RPM cessation is a different technique that takes and transmits a survey when the MWD detects that the rotation has stopped. This eliminates the need to recycle the pumps to take surveys and enables directional surveying with a full, unchanged flow rate. This surveying approach complements and supports applied annular pressure MPD operations, as downhole pressure control during pump recycling is one of the most challenging and critical aspects of MPD performance.
Drilling data from several wells of a West Africa MPD project that utilized this approach was evaluated from a drilling performance perspective. It was concluded that significant step changes in MWD surveying time and wellbore stability management were achieved. This surveying approach particularly reduced drilling risks intrinsically linked with formation pressure management: the constant mud flow rate while acquiring the MWD survey means that the surge and swab effects were minimized, without adding extra stresses on the formation and maintaining the borehole stability profiles within the critical limits. Moreover, this was achieved with a reduction in surveying time, leading to reducing drilling costs for the operator.
This paper explores how the application of this novel method of directional surveying enhances the application of MPD drilling techniques and reduces MPD-related challenges. RPM cessation surveys allow operators and contractors to push the drilling operations envelope in scenarios wherein extra fluctuations in the mud flow add significant risks. Furthermore, new studies with regards to wellbore stability optimization and stuck pipe prevention will be triggered in conventional and non-conventional drilling projects.
Intelligent Control for MPD
Authors: Moosavinia Majid , Parker Martyn , Alexandrov Vadim , Palenov Maxim 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Fully automated Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD), as a technology and oilfield service, has been evolving in capability since approximately 2005. Here we look at the application of downstream advance technologies for upstream operation optimization, via increased automation and the benefits this can bring to MPD systems.
The tools, standards and processes already developed and field proven in other downstream industries are readily available and applicable for upstream operation optimization, standard compliances, risk management and reduction. Utilization of smart instrumentation with real-time diagnostics, multi-sensor voting system, large diaphragm seals transducers, auto tracking pressure relief valve control and adaptive self-tuning surface back pressure (SBP) control deliver enhanced capabilities and functionality to improve not only the control of the well but the overall system inherent safety.
Enhanced Fluid Rheology Characterization for Managed Pressure Drilling Applications
Authors: da Silva Thiago Pinheiro , Naccache Monica 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Hydraulics play an important function in many oil field operations including drilling, completion, fracturing, acidizing, workover and production. In Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) applications where pressure losses become critical to accurate estimate and control the well within the operational window, it is necessary to use an appropriate rheological model for mathematical modelling of fluid behavior. The standard API methods for drilling fluid hydraulics assume Herschel-Bulkley (H-B), Power Law (PL) or Bingham plastic rheological model.
This paper summarizes the results of an extensive study on issues and relevant aspects related to the equipment and methods used to characterize the drilling fluids for MPD applications, as well as the operational implications that diverge from conventional practices.
A comparison of Fluid Rheology Characterization will be made by using laboratory high precision rheometers versus conventional FANN35 methods. Subsequently, a comparison of Rheology Model Selection proposed by API 13B opposed to Non Linear Regression (NLR) and the error intrinsically it is also included. Further investigation of shear rates is presented in a MPD "typical" annular geometry will be calculated via Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the formulas suggested in API RP 13D compared. To conclude it will be presented a discussion of the influences of measurements, data treatment (Curve Fit) and environment (laboratory observations versus field experiences) in the accuracy of fluid rheology characterization.
Very First Application of Nitrified Stiff Foam along with the Near-Balanced Drilling Technology to Mitigate the NPT Associated with Highly Fractured, Low Pressure Hydrocarbon Bearing Sui Main Limestone Formation in Pakistan – A Case History
Authors: Ashraf Qasim , Hussain Muhammad , Nusair Mohamed Khair , Luqman Khurram 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper reviews the recently concluded first Near-Balanced Nitrified Stiff Foam application for a fractured low pressure reservoir formation; Sui Main Limestone in the Baluchistan region of Pakistan. The SML formation has presented extreme drilling challenges in this field. Severe loss circulation and reservoir influxes have made drilling this formation a night mare for the operator. Lot of Non Productive time has been spent while trying to pass through this formation. A recent application of the unconventional and innovative technologies has provided the client with an excellent solution. The major scope of work for this well is to pass the SML formation without having loss circulation and reservoir influx into the well bore while keeping good drilling performance and finally case the complete formation in one casing.
A brief history of the Near-Balanced Drilling Technology using the Nitrified Stiff Foam fluid is provided in this paper which is followed by a discussion of the remarkable results achieved in this well. While performing the job the loss circulation problem was totally eliminated. Near-Balanced condition was constantly being monitored and maintained throughout the operation that resulted in no inflow from the reservoir into the well bore. Stiff Foam application also resulted in gaining outstanding drilling performance. All this resulted in the drilling of this formation in time less than half of the planned days. Finally the complete formation was cased within one casing without any complication.
In Summary; application of the state-of-the-art and advanced technologies helped operator to eliminate the NPT associated with the drilling of this challenging formation. The operator was not only benefited with the rewards of this application but it also helped it to perform the Post Drilling operations in controlled, safe and desired manner. This paper reviews the process that was used to identify, plan, and implement these unconventional techniques. The purpose of this paper is to highlight all the benefits and lessons learnt while performing this first Nitrified Stiff Foam Near-Balanced Drilling mode application in Pakistan. This will help many operators in the designing and implementation of such techniques to challenging hydrocarbon bearing formations.
Drilling Optimization of Kohat/Potohar Region by Mathematical Model (Using Matlab) and Comparative Method – A Case Study
Authors: Amjad Qazi Bilal , Waheed Saira , Jadoon Muhammad Saeed , Tariq Faheem 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Drilling techniques in exploration of oil and gas, adopted around the world, involves optimization of controllable variable during drilling operations. The drilling optimization procedures, involves better understanding of operational as well as equipment parameter on ROP (Rate of Penetration). The objective of optimization is to estimate a reasonable rate of penetration to reduce drilling time, cost and consequently early discovery of oil and gas.
In this case study, optimum penetration rate of Kohat/Potohar region, where drilling is extremely problematic due to subsurface conditions specifically for muree and Kuldana formations, are obtained by two methods-mathematical & comparative. Comparative method uses cost per foot, specefic energy and rae of penetration with respect to depth comparison charts and give optimum drilling parameters while for mathematical model, BYM penetration model has been preferred to adress several drilling factors by using past drilling data of wells of Kohat region. Important parameters like ECD, Pore pressure gradient, evaluation of tooth wear and jet impact forces calculation are made for examining inter-relationship of controllable factors. At last a statistical approach of multiple regression analysis are made by using Matlab.Results of Matlab are further employed in determination of optimized parameters. Outcome from analysis are used to compare results with comparative approach and obtain optimum values of drilling rate, RPM and WOB for respective formations. Based on these approaches, potential risks can be mitigated which help to boost drilling performance and provides effective parameters for drilling of future wells in Kohat region.
Very First Application of Weatherford Rotating Control Diverter (RCD) to Reduce the NPT Associated With Loss and Kick Scenario Well in Pakistan – A Case History
Authors: Ashraf Qasim , Rehman Tanzeel Ur , Nusair Mohamed Khair , Luqman Khurram 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper reviews the recently concluded first Weatherford Rotating Control Diverter application to a Loss and Kick scenario well in the Murree formation in Pakistan. The Murree formation in that area is considered as one of the toughest hurdle in reaching the target depths. The most common problems that are observed in this formation are loss and kick situations, which lead to conventional well control and then the hole tightening issues. In this well the client is having the same problems but in more adverse manner. There was a loss zone below and a gain zone above. They cemented the drilled portion of loss zone but whenever they try to drill further; got loss and then kick. Too much time was spent in controlling the well and then the well got tight and sometimes the string also got stuck. The major scope of work for this well with the use of Rotating Control Diverter is to divert the flow from the well, strip out of hole even during well flowing conditions and keeping surface back pressure whenever required.
A brief history of the Flow Diversion Technique using Weatherford RCD is provided in this paper which is followed by a discussion of the benefits added by the RCD in minimizing the NPT associated with such drilling hazards. The RCD successfully diverted the gain/kick got after having complete or partial loss situations. The RCD helped to strip out of hole even having continuous well flowing conditions. In conventional techniques this is not possible to POOH without controlling the well. This saved time as well as saved the drill string from being got stuck or packed off. The squeezing jobs were also aided by the use of RCD as after pumping the pill; the string was pulled out without releasing the applied pressure. All these advantages lead to the completion of the well in a safe and efficient fashion.
In Summary; applications of innovative and advanced technologies helped operator to perform the drilling operation fruitfully in this challenging formation in Pakistan. This paper reviews the process that was used to identify, plan, and implement this pioneering thought. The purpose of this paper is to highlight all the benefits and lessons learnt while applying this state of the art technology. This will help many in the industry to implement and design such innovative techniques and robust equipment for the mitigating drilling hazards.
Stakeholder Management – Ensuring Social License to Operate for Oil & Gas Industry
Authors: Munir Rabia , Janjua Tahir , Khajjak Rauf , Janjua Iftikhar , Jadoon Muneer 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
This paper aims to cover importance of Stakeholder Management in business continuity and its linkage with different business segments. Stakeholder Management looks at the relationships between an organization and others in its internal and external environment. Stakeholder could be a person or a group that can affect or be affected by business activities. Stakeholders can come from inside or outside of the business. Examples include customers, employees, stockholders, suppliers, non-profit groups, government, and the local community, among many others. Effective stakeholder management is very crucial to a company’s success. The core idea is that organizations that manage their stakeholder relationships effectively will survive longer and perform better than those organizations that don’t. All community relations issues must be fully addressed prior to and during the development of facilities via participation and consultative mechanisms promoting active communication involving all key stakeholders.
Ensuring awareness of cultural differences, respecting diversity and adjusting our ways of working in different situations as well as recognizing and responding to government and community related expectations and concerns about our activities are crucial to companys business. Leading a structured stakeholder dialog and managing the stakeholder relationship is connected with all operations and starts from local communities, notables, political influential to district, division, provincial and federal authorities. In order to succeed and be sustainable over time, companies must keep the interests of customers, suppliers, employees, communities and shareholders aligned and going in the same direction. However, in some countries like Pakistan where industry faces difficult social and political environments where governments may lack the capacity, infrastructure or enforcement of legislation and regulatory frameworks, Stakeholder Management could be very challenging.
Through this paper a model shall be proposed based on best practices of leading Oil & Gas companies in Pakistan, as how different topics such as Sustainable Social development, Community Engagement, Managing Social Risks and their impacts, Human Rights, Local Content & Related Security could be aligned to create the possible much value for Stakeholders and ensuring social license to operate.
Successful Execution of First Coiled Tubing "Shoot and Pull" Underbalance Perforation in Pakistan
Authors: Fahim Saad , Raja Hassan Nazir , Latif Saqib , Akbar Muhammad Nabeel 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
Over the past 80 years, various perforation systems have been developed to cover wide range of perforation applications and demanding reservoir conditions. Clean and effective underbalance perforations have a direct influence on reservoir performance. New perforation technologies and conveyance methods have developed, including Coiled tubing CT perforation. OMV had a requirement to perform additional perforations on one of their land wells, which was producing from a depleted zone. Well head shut in pressure had dropped down from an initial pressure of 3000psi to 1400psi. Pressure of zone of interest was in a range of 4700psi, which entailed that an underbalance at time of perforation would be more than 2700 psi. With such a high value of static underbalance, conventional wireline perforation application had its limitation and CT perforation seemed to be an ideal solution.
OMV and Schlumberger experts collaborated to execute the high underbalance perforation with CT as the conveyance method. This required meticulous job design and planning as well as fabrication of a customized platform to safely run and retrieve guns in live well before and after perforations. Schlumberger CT firing head with 2.88" high shot density guns were used to perforate the zone of interest with a high underbalance of over 2500 psi. This marked successful execution of first CT shoot and pull perforation job in Pakistan where perforation guns were successfully conveyed and pulled to surface without killing the well, followed by well cleanup and testing. Post perforation results were very encouraging as OMV observed significant production increase where all objectives were met with no HSE/SQ incident.