bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal received SINR balancing based on cooperative beamforming in cognitive radio networks
Authors: Moghaddam Javad Zeraatkar , Farrokhi Hamid , Granelli Fabrizio 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate a two‐step cooperative cognitive radio network, which consists of two secondary links, a number of relays, and one primary link. During the first step, the primary link is assumed to be idle; both secondary sources simultaneously broadcast their data to the relay network. During the second step, the relay network employs a proposed cooperative beamforming (CBF) scheme and transmits the received data toward both of the secondary destinations (no matter whether the primary link is idle or not). The proposed CBF scheme enables the investigated network to simultaneously maximize received signal to interference plus noise ratio at both of the secondary destinations while keeping interference plus noise power at the primary destination under a predefined threshold. Indeed, the proposed scheme represents an optimal received signal to interference plus noise ratio balancing approach based on CBF, which guarantees the required quality of service for the primary link and also both secondary links. We optimize the CBF vector by relaxing the optimization problem to a convex semidefinite programming and solving with the bisection search algorithm. Numerical results show the efficiency and robustness of our approach. A comparison of our approach with the zero‐forcing beamforming method is also presented. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The influence of variability in species trait data on community‐level ecological prediction and inference
Authors: Alofs Karen M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSpecies trait data have been used to predict and infer ecological processes and the responses of biological communities to environmental changes. It has also been suggested that, in lieu of trait, data niche differences can be inferred from phylogenetic distance. It remains unclear how variation in trait data may influence the strength and character of ecological inference. Using species‐level trait data in community ecology assumes intraspecific variation is small in comparison with interspecific variation. Intraspecific variation across species ranges or within populations may lead to variability in trait data derived from different scales (i.e., local or regional) and methods (i.e., mean or maximum values). Variation in trait data across species can affect community‐level relationships. I examined variability in body size, a key trait often measured across taxa. I collected 12 metrics of fish species length (including common and maximum values) for 40 species from literature, online databases, museum collections, and field data. I then tested whether different metrics of fish length could consistently predict observed species range boundary shifts and the impacts of an introduced predator on inland lake fish communities across Ontario, Canada. I also investigated whether phylogenetic signal, an indicator of niche‐conservativism, changed among measures. I found strong correlations between length metrics and limited variation across metrics. Accordingly, length was a consistently significant predictor of the response of fish communities to environmental change. Additionally, I found significant evidence of phylogenetic signal in fish length across metrics. Limited variation in length across metrics (within species), in comparison with variation within metrics (across species), made fish species length a reliable predictor at a community‐level. When considering species‐level trait data from different sources, researchers should examine the potential influence of intraspecific trait variation on data derived by different metrics and at different scales.
Continuous renal replacement therapy for haemodynamic collapse and rhabdomyolysis induced by pheochromocytoma crisis
Authors: Zhou Xi , Zhao Chuhuan , Feng Xiafei , Samanta Anweshan , Lin Yi nuo , Chen Jun , Dai Xiaochun , Hong Xia , Xie Qiangli , Huang Weijian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractPheochromocytoma associated with pregnancy is not common. Caesarean section may induce pheochromocytoma crisis, resulting in a lethal condition. The clinical picture of pheochromocytoma crisis is extremely variable. In this report, we describe a case of severe pheochromocytoma crisis induced by caesarean section presenting with hyperpyrexia, haemodynamic collapse, muscle weakness, heart failure, and acute kidney injury. Furthermore, we report that the muscle weakness was a manifestation of rhabdomyolysis, resulting from the pheochromocytoma crisis. Standard medical therapy failed to halt the patient's rapidly deteriorating condition. Continuous renal replacement therapy removed catecholamines from the circulation, resulting in improvement of haemodynamics and abrogation of rhabdomyolysis.
GPU‐accelerated direct numerical simulations of decaying compressible turbulence employing a GKM‐based solver
Authors: Parashar Nishant , Srinivasan Balaji , Sinha Sawan Suman , Agarwal Manish 
Published: August 2016

SummaryGas Kinetic Method‐based flow solvers have become popular in recent years owing to their robustness in simulating high Mach number compressible flows. We evaluate the performance of the newly developed analytical gas kinetic method (AGKM) by Xuan et al. in performing direct numerical simulation of canonical compressible turbulent flow on graphical processing unit (GPU)s. We find that for a range of turbulent Mach numbers, AGKM results shows excellent agreement with high order accurate results obtained with traditional Navier–Stokes solvers in terms of key turbulence statistics. Further, AGKM is found to be more efficient as compared with the traditional gas kinetic method for GPU implementation. We present a brief overview of the optimizations performed on NVIDIA K20 GPU and show that GPU optimizations boost the speedup up‐to 40x as compared with single core CPU computations. Hence, AGKM can be used as an efficient method for performing fast and accurate direct numerical simulations of compressible turbulent flows on simple GPU‐based workstations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating the Adequacy Performance of Sprinkler Irrigation Systems at Finchaa Sugar Cane Plantation, Eastern Wollega Zone (Ethiopia)
Authors: Dinka Megersa Olumana 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe success of a sprinkler irrigation system largely depends on its actual performance in field conditions. Although the uniformity of water application is the most important aspect of the sprinkler system's performance, adequacy better explains the performance of the system. In this study, the adequacy of irrigation performance was measured in field conditions considering three operating hydrant pressures (4.0, 4.5 and 5.0 bars) and two sprinkler nozzle sizes (2.4 × 4.4 and 2.4 × 4.8 mm). The main objective of this study was to determine the level of current adequacy of irrigation performance in relation to predicted performance during the design period. Three different aspects of adequacy performance (delivery, infiltration and storage) were determined from the measurements of the two important basic sprinkler performance parameters: discharge and uniformity. The study result indicates excess irrigation water application more than the crop net irrigation requirement and soil moisture deficit, especially for the 2.4 × 4.8 mm nozzles sprinkler at all pressure ranges considered. In line with this, tremendous losses in terms of deep percolation (≅ 40%) have been observed, the consequence of which is leaching of soluble nutrients, loss of valuable water resources, reduced crop yield and rise of the groundwater table. The latter might lead to drainage problems, which require construction of expensive drainage systems and can also lead to the overall waterlogging, salinization and alkalization of the area. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical analysis of a circular chalcogenide/silica hybrid nanostructured photonic crystal fiber for the purpose of dispersion compensation
Authors: Karami Rahim , Seifouri Mahmood , Olyaee Saeed , Chitsazian Mohammad , Alizadeh Mohammad Reza 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we report the numerical analysis of a nanostructured photonic crystal fiber for making an efficient dispersion‐compensating medium. For our computational studies, the core of the proposed structure is made up of As2Se3, and the cladding structure is a mixture of air holes and holes filled with silica. Our simulations indicate that the chromatic dispersion and the confinement loss at the wavelength of 1.55 µm is −3280 ps/nm/km and 1.71 × 10−6 dB/m respectively. Moreover, the relative dispersion slope at the wavelength of 1.55 µm is computed to be 0.00357 nm−1 that closely matches that of the conventional fibers at the third window. The effect of changing the dimensions of the holes in the first ring and also the distance between the adjacent holes (Λ) in the same ring on chromatic dispersion are also studied. The presented structure is an efficient dispersion‐compensating medium. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synoptic climatology of the early 21st century drought in the Colorado River Basin and relationships to reservoir water levels
Authors: Kirk Johnathan P. , Sheridan Scott C. , Schmidlin Thomas W. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTSince the year 2000, streamflows throughout the Colorado River Basin (CRB) in the southwestern United States have been greatly impacted by a prolonged drought. As a primarily mountain snowmelt‐sourced basin, the climatic drivers of annual runoff in the CRB bear significant influence on the hydrologic status of its network of reservoirs. To analyse reservoir response to the drought, this study takes a holistic approach of relating the frequency of mid‐tropospheric circulation patterns (CPs) to water levels at Lake Powell and Lake Mead, the primary reservoirs in the CRB. A synoptic climatology of the region was constructed by classifying daily mean 500‐hPa geopotential height values from 1982 to 2012, a span that includes the early 21st century drought and the relatively wetter years preceding it, to determine how the drought manifests itself in the trends of CPs over time. The CPs were then statistically compared to several measures of reservoir water level, including yearly inflow and net changes in storage year‐to‐year, to examine potential relationships. The results of the classification reveal that the CRB is most notably characterized by dominant summertime ridge patterns, which have become slightly more common during the drought. Cool season troughs were generally linked with the presence of more water in the reservoirs, but ridges have stronger relationships to reservoir variables, including linkages to years with lower reservoir inflow, greater yearly losses, and net declines in storage year‐to‐year. Further, dry transitional patterns, CPs which represent zonal flow yielding little precipitation, are increasingly common in the spring, coming at the expense of wetter CPs. These results support previous research regarding the observed hastening of snowmelt, contributing to the early 21st century drought in the CRB as well as the overall trend in declining mountain snowpack across western North America.
Centennial drought outlook over the CONUS using NASA‐NEX downscaled climate ensemble
Authors: Ahmadalipour Ali , Moradkhani Hamid , Svoboda Mark 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTDrought is a natural hazard developing slowly and affecting large areas which may have severe consequences on society and economy. Due to the effects of climate change, drought is expected to exacerbate in various regions in future. In this study, the impact of climate change on drought characteristics is assessed, and statistical methods are employed to analyse the significance of projections. This is the first study utilizing 21 recently available downscaled global climate models generated by NASA (NEX‐GDDP) to evaluate drought projections over various regions across the United States. Drought is investigated through a multi‐model dual‐index dual‐scenario approach to probabilistically analyse drought attributes while characterizing the uncertainty in future drought projections. Standardized Precipitation Index and Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index values at the seasonal scale (3 months) are used to project and analyse meteorological drought conditions from 1950 to 2099 at 0.25° spatial resolution. Two future concentration pathways of RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 are considered for this analysis. Accounting for the combined effects of precipitation and temperature variations reveals a considerable aggravation in severity and extent of future drought in the western United States and a tendency toward more frequent and intense summer droughts across the Contiguous United States.
HEADA: a low cost RFID authentication technique using homomorphic encryption for key generation
Authors: Dawoud Mohanad , Altilar D. Turgay 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe limited computational and memory resources available in the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags constitute the essential challenge to find a technique that satisfies high security requirements. In this paper, security and privacy requirements for an RFID authentication system are defined. Although some of the conventional cryptographic operations provide these requirements partially, they are not considered as suitable solution for RFID applications because operations cost is high especially for RFID tags. An unconventional use of homomorphic encryption is proposed to provide low‐cost security and privacy in this research. HEADA is proposed as a novel authentication technique, which consists of deployment and authentication process stages. The homomorphic encryption is used solely in the generation of keys during deployment stage. These keys are used by RFID tags to generate anonymous authentication keys during the authentication process using only integer addition operations. Moreover, some of the conventional approaches have to use a brute–force search in the server side to identify a tag. Unlike these techniques, HEADA enables the server to identify a tag only by a binary search. It is shown that HEADA is the only technique to satisfy all security and privacy requirements using low‐cost operations in both tag and server sides. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A secure lightweight authentication scheme with user anonymity for roaming service in ubiquitous networks
Authors: Karuppiah Marimuthu , Kumari Saru , Das Ashok Kumar , Li Xiong , Wu Fan , Basu Sayantani 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUbiquitous networks provide effective roaming services for mobile users (MUs). Through the worldwide roaming technology, authorized MUs can avail ubiquitous network services. Important security issues to be considered in ubiquitous networks are authentication of roaming MUs and protection of privacy of MUs. However, because of the broadcast nature of wireless channel and resource limitations of terminals, providing efficient user authentication with privacy preservation is a challenging task. Very recently, Farash et al. proposed an authentication scheme with anonymity for consumer roaming in ubiquitous networks and claimed their scheme achieves all security requirements. In this paper, we show that the scheme of Farash et al. fails to achieve user anonymity and mutual authentication. Their scheme also fails to provide local password verification, and it has a faulty password change phase. Moreover, their scheme is vulnerable to replay, offline password guessing, and forgery attacks. To fix the security flaws of the scheme of Farash et al., we present an improved authentication scheme for accessing roaming service provided by ubiquitous networks. We then formally verify the security properties of our scheme by the widely‐accepted push‐button tool called Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications. Security and performance analyses show that our scheme is more powerful, efficient, and secure when it is compared with existing schemes. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral Ligands for Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation: A Personal Account
Authors: Chen Caiyou , Dong Xiu‐Qin , Zhang Xumu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAsymmetric hydroformylation represents one of the most efficient routes for the preparation of chiral aldehydes from alkenes in the presence of syngas in a perfect atom‐economic way. During the past few decades, a variety of chiral ligands have been developed for the asymmetric hydroformylation. However, only a few ligands exhibit good performance in terms of the regio‐ and enantioselectivities. Additionally, for the chiral ligands developed up to now, only limited substrates were tolerated and no examples have led to the application of the asymmetric hydroformylation reaction on a commercial scale due to several technical challenges. This account provides a brief introduction of the current efficient chiral ligands for asymmetric hydroformylation and the ongoing efforts we have made in this field.
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Preferential binding to dopamine D3 over D2 receptors by cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia using PET with the D3/D2 receptor ligand [11C]-(+)-PHNO
Authors: Girgis Ragy R. , Slifstein Mark , D’Souza Deepak , Lee Yih , Periclou Antonia , Ghahramani Parviz , Laszlovszky István , Durgam Suresh , Adham Nika , Nabulsi Nabeel , Huang Yiyun , Carson Richard E. , Kiss Béla , Kapás Margit , Abi-Dargham Anissa , Rakhit Ashok 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Rationale
Second-generation antipsychotics occupy dopamine D2 receptors and act as antagonists or partial agonists at these receptors. While these drugs alleviate positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, they are less effective for treating cognitive deficits and negative symptoms. Dopamine D3 receptors are highly expressed in areas of the brain thought to play a role in the regulation of motivation and reward-related behavior. Consequently, the dopamine D3 receptor has become a target for treating negative symptoms in combination with D2 antagonism to treat positive symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.

Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the cariprazine receptor occupancies in brain for D2 and D3 receptors in patients with schizophrenia.

Methods
Using [11C]-(+)-PHNO as a radioligand, positron emission tomography (PET) scans were performed in eight patients at baseline and postdose on days 1, 4, and 15. Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were analyzed for cariprazine concentrations.

Results
A monotonic dose-occupancy relationship was observed for both receptor types. After 2 weeks of treatment, near complete (∼100 %) occupancies were observed for both receptors at a dose of 12 mg/day. At the lowest cariprazine dose (1 mg/day), mean D3 and D2 receptor occupancies were 76 and 45 %, respectively, suggesting selectivity for D3 over D2 receptors at low doses. An exposure-response analysis found a ∼3-fold difference in EC50 (D3 = 3.84 nM and D2 = 13.03 nM) in plasma after 2 weeks of dosing.

Conclusion
This PET imaging study in patients with schizophrenia demonstrated that cariprazine is a D3-preferring dual D3/D2 receptor partial agonist.
Revisiting the Right of Self-Defence against Non-State Armed Entities
Authors: DE SOUZA I.M. LOBO 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article explores and appraises international legal developments regarding the right to self-defence against vicarious aggression — that is, armed attacks by non-state entities that are sponsored or hosted by a foreign state. Despite efforts to develop a normative framework and mechanisms of accountability to curb states’ use of non-state entities as proxies for armed activity, some states continue to view these entities as valuable tools for the realization of their foreign policy goals. Consequently, international practice shows general recognition of a right of self-defence against non-state armed entities. There is also an emerging body of authoritative opinion, backed by an evolving state practice, that supports the extension of the application of this right against a non-state entity’s host or sponsoring state, provided some conditions are met.
Design, analysis and modelling of a hybrid controller for serial robotic manipulators
Authors: Zhang Dan , Wei Bin 
Published: August 2016

SUMMARYWhen the end-effector of a robotic arm grasps different payload masses, the output of joint motion will vary. By using a model reference adaptive control approach, the payload variation effect can be solved. This paper describes the design for a hybrid controller for serial robotic manipulators by combining a PID controller and a model reference adaptive controller (MRAC) in order to further improve the accuracy and joint convergence speed performance. The convergence performance of the PID controller, the MRAC and the PID+MRAC hybrid controller for 1-DOF, 2-DOF and subsequently 3-DOF manipulators is compared. The comparison results show that the convergence speed and its performance for the MRAC and the PID+ MRAC controllers is better than that of the PID controller, and the convergence performance for the hybrid control is better than that of the MRAC control.
KEYNES, MILL, AND SAY’S LAW: THE LEGITIMATE CASE KEYNES DIDN’T MAKE AGAINST J. S. MILL
Authors: Grieve Roy H. 
Published: August 2016

Having in the General Theory quoted a passage from John Stuart Mill’s Principles as representative of ancient confusion, John Maynard Keynes has been accused of misinterpreting that passage and thus mistakenly identifying Mill as an upholder of the “classical” proposition that “supply creates its own demand.” Certain critics, seizing on Keynes’s misunderstanding, draw the conclusion that little was actually wrong with Mill’s analysis and that Keynes’s attack on Mill was therefore without justification.Our contention, however, is that, despite his error with respect, so to say, to the “letter” of Mill’s exposition, Keynes was right about the essential “substance” of Mill’s thesis. Mill’s thinking, we suggest, was deeply in thrall to the ideas of his father and Jean-Baptiste Say. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that Mill did indeed stand for a “classical” position, albeit qualified, but nevertheless vulnerable to Keynes’s critique as developed in the General Theory.
Fit-risk in development projects: role of demonstration in technology adoption
Authors: Parks Moon , Bansal Sangeeta , Zilberman David 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe introduction and adoption of new technologies is an important component of development projects. Many technologies that could spur considerable increase in welfare, however, are often adopted at low rates even when donors and NGOs have invested their effort in them heavily. This paper develops a framework to analyze inefficiencies caused by fit-risk (potential users are not certain whether the technology will fit their needs, lifestyles, social feedback or capabilities), and the role of marketing tools, such as demonstration, in reducing fit-risk and enhancing the efficiency of development projects. We find that, in the presence of fit-risk, there is always unrealized demand and resource waste. Donors who ignore fit-risk always overestimate the project value and over-subsidize the products they are promoting. We identify conditions under which introducing demonstration may help alleviate fit-risk and improve the overall project values. The impact of eliminating fit-risk on the project uptake depends on the probability of fit.