bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of the Annual Training Cycle on the Physical Capacity of Young Rowers
Authors: Klusiewicz Andrzej , Szumański Mariusz , Piotr Kajda , Starczewska-Czapowska Janina , Burkhard-Jagodzińska Krystyna , Długołęcka Barbara , Sitkowski Dariusz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction.
The aim of the study was to assess the changes in the physical capacity of a group of leading Polish young male rowers after they completed the annual training cycle.

Material and methods.
The study involved 30 subjects who either belonged to the Under-23 Polish National Rowing Team or were its reserve rowers. The subjects underwent two stress tests: a maximum intensity test simulating covering the distance of a regatta (the 2 km test) and a submaximal test with a gradual increase in intensity (the anaerobic threshold test) before and after the annual training cycle.

Results.
Contrary to what was expected, a year of training did not cause a significant increase in the work capacity indicators measured in the study. The training programme that was implemented was found not to have been very effective in this respect. No statistically significant increase was observed in the values obtained for the subjects in the test simulating covering the distance of the race, although there was some improvement.

Conclusions.
Similar findings, indicating that the results of stress tests tend to remain stable, were obtained by other authors whose research involved young rowers aged approximately 20 years. However, we would still like to emphasise that the effectiveness of training which develops endurance, the basic foundation for a rower’s successful performance, should be paid more attention to in the training process.
Economic Impact of Events and Festivals on Host Regions - Methods in Practice & Potential Sources of Bias
Authors: Diedering Madlen , Kwiatkowski Grzegorz 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

Introduction.
The topic of economic significance of sport events attracts substantial attention in the fields of sport event management and economics. The main objective of this article is to review international literature on economic impact of sport events, and in particular, to give a special thought to key features of primary economic impact studies and potential sources of bias.

Material and methods.
The paper builds upon an extensive international literature survey.

Results.
This paper provides an overview of studies on economic impact of events as well as it serves as a reference guide for further studies including empirical attempts. Notably, the latter is of great value for local decision makers and students who attempt to calculate direct economic impact of various sport events but are at the same time facing the lack of reference in this regard.

Conclusions.
The review concludes that (a) assessing the economic impact of an event is a non-trivial task and (b) there is still much to be learned about how to conduct economic impact assessment in a reliable manner.
La factitivité, postérité d’un concept
Authors: Beyaert-Geslin Anne 
Published: January 2017

RésuméL’article suit le concept de factitivité de Greimas et observe ses relations avec les notions apparentées, comme les affordances, le geste ou la pratique. Il montre comment la factitivité argumente les valeurs et permet de décrire, non seulement l’interaction avec l’objet quotidien, mais aussi l’interaction avec l’oeuvre d’art.
What came to be called: evaluative what and authorial voice in the discourse of history
Authors: Bondi Marina 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWhile acknowledging the importance of specific lexis in profiling discourse communities, studies on academic discourse have paid growing attention to general lexis and its disciplinary specificity. This is particularly true of recent approaches to phraseology in English for Academic Purposes (EAP), including both statistically significant clusters and grammar patterns and semantic sequences. The current paper explores the notion of semantic sequences through a case study of sequences involving relative
Lie Symmetries and Conservation Laws of the Generalised Foam-Drainage Equation
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Yong , Ma Kai-Hua 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We perform a complete Lie point symmetry classification of the generalised foam-drainage equation and then construct an optimal system of one-dimensional subalgebra of the admitted symmetry operators and use them to reduce the equations under study. A power series solution of the reduced equation is constructed. Moreover, we find all multipliers of the equations and apply them to construct conservation laws.
Outcomes of Exercise Training Following the Use of a Birthing Ball During Pregnancy and Delivery
Authors: Fournier Danielle , Feeney Gloria , Mathieu Marie-Eve 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Fournier, D, Feeney, G, and Mathieu, M-E. Outcomes of exercise training following the use of a birthing ball during pregnancy and delivery. J Strength Cond Res 31(7): 1941–1947, 2017— Using a birthing ball (BB) is an exercise form that is growing in popularity. Improved delivery outcomes have been recently reported with as little a 6–8 hours of training per week; however, little is known regarding lower and higher training levels. The aim of this study was to document whether more time spent training with a BB resulted in improved delivery outcomes for the mother and the newborn. This quasi-experimental study was conducted with a sample of women who participated in 1 to 28 supervised exercise classes during pregnancy according to the Ballon Forme program offered in nonclinical settings (http://ballonforme.com), with the option of completing the supervised BB exercises performed at home. Thirty women who gave birth naturally were included in the study. Mean BB training time was 22.3 hours (SD = 16.6 hours). A greater BB training time was significantly associated with shorter labor duration (r = −0.408; p = 0.031) and specific stages of labor (stage 1 [dilatation/active stage] [r = −0.372; p = 0.043] and stage 2 [expulsion] [r = −0.415; p = 0.028]). Increased participation in BB supervised classes was more closely associated with quicker deliveries than those of home based BB exercises. No associations between training time and adverse effects of labor parameters or the baby's health were noted. Greater involvement in BB training seems to lead to quicker deliveries than lower levels of involvement; it also has the benefit of supervised practice.
Activity ofTachykinin1-ExpressingPet1Raphe Neurons Modulates the Respiratory Chemoreflex
Authors: Hennessy Morgan L. , Corcoran Andrea E. , Brust Rachael D. , Chang YoonJeung , Nattie Eugene E. , Dymecki Susan M. 
Published: January 2017

Homeostatic control of breathing, heart rate, and body temperature relies on circuits within the brainstem modulated by the neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT). Mounting evidence points to specialized neuronal subtypes within the serotonergic neuronal system, borne out in functional studies, for the modulation of distinct facets of homeostasis. Such functional differences, read out at the organismal level, are likely subserved by differences among 5-HT neuron subtypes at the cellular and molecular levels, including differences in the capacity to coexpress other neurotransmitters such as glutamate, GABA, thyrotropin releasing hormone, and substance P encoded by theTachykinin-1(Tac1) gene. Here, we characterize in mice a 5-HT neuron subtype identified by expression ofTac1and the serotonergic transcription factor genePet1, referred to as theTac1-Pet1neuron subtype. Transgenic cell labeling showedTac1-Pet1soma resident largely in the caudal medulla. Chemogenetic [clozapine-N-oxide (CNO)-hM4Di] perturbation ofTac1-Pet1neuron activity blunted the ventilatory response of the respiratory CO2chemoreflex, which normally augments ventilation in response to hypercapnic acidosis to restore normal pH and PCO2.Tac1-Pet1axonal boutons were found localized to brainstem areas implicated in respiratory modulation, with highest density in motor regions. These findings demonstrate that the activity of aPet1neuron subtype with the potential to release both 5-HT and substance P is necessary for normal respiratory dynamics, perhaps via motor outputs that engage muscles of respiration and maintain airway patency. TheseTac1-Pet1neurons may act downstream ofEgr2-Pet1serotonergic neurons, which were previously established in respiratory chemoreception, but do not innervate respiratory motor nuclei.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSerotonin (5-HT) neurons modulate physiological processes and behaviors as diverse as body temperature, respiration, aggression, and mood. Using genetic tools, we characterize a 5-HT neuron subtype defined by expression ofTachykinin1andPet1(Tac1-Pet1neurons), mapping soma localization to the caudal medulla primarily and axonal projections to brainstem motor nuclei most prominently, and, when silenced, observed blunting of the ventilatory response to inhaled CO2.Tac1-Pet1neurons thus appear distinct from and contrast previously describedEgr2-Pet1neurons, which project primarily to chemosensory integration centers and are themselves chemosensitive.
Sonic Hedgehog Guides Axons via Zipcode Binding Protein 1-Mediated Local Translation
Authors: Lepelletier Léa , Langlois Sébastien D. , Kent Christopher B. , Welshhans Kristy , Morin Steves , Bassell Gary J. , Yam Patricia T. , Charron Frédéric 
Published: January 2017

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) attracts spinal cord commissural axons toward the floorplate. How Shh elicits changes in the growth cone cytoskeleton that drive growth cone turning is unknown. We find that the turning of rat commissural axons up a Shh gradient requires protein synthesis. In particular, Shh stimulation increases β-actin protein at the growth cone even when the cell bodies have been removed. Therefore, Shh induces the local translation of β-actin at the growth cone. We hypothesized that this requires zipcode binding protein 1 (ZBP1), an mRNA-binding protein that transports β-actin mRNA and releases it for local translation upon phosphorylation. We found that Shh stimulation increases phospho-ZBP1 levels in the growth cone. Disruption of ZBP1 phosphorylationin vitroabolished the turning of commissural axons toward a Shh gradient. Disruption of ZBP1 functionin vivoin mouse and chick resulted in commissural axon guidance errors. Therefore, ZBP1 is required for Shh to guide commissural axons. This identifies ZBP1 as a new mediator of noncanonical Shh signaling in axon guidance.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTSonic hedgehog (Shh) guides axons via a noncanonical signaling pathway that is distinct from the canonical Hedgehog signaling pathway that specifies cell fate and morphogenesis. Axon guidance is driven by changes in the growth cone in response to gradients of guidance molecules. Little is known about the molecular mechanism of how Shh orchestrates changes in the growth cone cytoskeleton that are required for growth cone turning. Here, we show that the guidance of axons by Shh requires protein synthesis. Zipcode binding protein 1 (ZBP1) is an mRNA-binding protein that regulates the local translation of proteins, including actin, in the growth cone. We demonstrate that ZBP1 is required for Shh-mediated axon guidance, identifying a new member of the noncanonical Shh signaling pathway.
Estructuralismo - neo-estructuralismo y el análisis del desarrollo productivo
Authors: Benavides Vindas Shirley 
Published: January 2017

El presente artículo tiene como propósito fundamental explicar, a nivel teórico, las principales características del estructuralismo y del neo-estructuralismo, con el fin de asumir elementos que coadyuven al análisis del desarrollo productivo, especialmente, cuando existe claramente identificado un centro del desenvolvimiento económico social versus una periferia deprimida y heterogénea en sus estructuras. No se busca analizar casos particulares de países o regiones, desde este enfoque.La evolución del estructuralismo (finales de la década de los cuarenta y de los cincuenta) al neo-estructuralismo (década de los ochenta), generó que se diera en el nuevo enfoque -como paradigma alternativo al ajuste neoliberal-, una superación del paradigma estructuralista original en el que se inspiraba; incorporando al análisis los ciclos económicos, las asimetrías entre los centros y las periferias, los diversos efectos de la globalización por el regionalismo abierto y la desregulación; además, incluyó tres ejes relevantes: el económico, la equidad social y la autonomía nacional, aunque su base analítica continuaba siendo estructuralista. En esta nueva etapa se plantea el desarrollo desde la transformación productiva con equidad.El artículo pretende explorar, en la teoría del enfoque estructuralista y neo-estructuralista, los principales elementos de análisis que desde esta perspectiva, pueden facilitar el comportamiento de los sectores productivos y de la caracterización de territorios, proporcionando la información necesaria para la toma de decisiones en el diseño y ejecución de políticas públicas, que eliminen las fallas de los mercados periféricos con respecto a los denominados centros y así impulsar un mayor nivel de desarrollo.
Diagnosis and surgical correction of congenital bilateral patellar luxation in two dwarf zebu calves
Authors: Binici Cagri , Tünsmeyer Julia , Stein Silke , Al Aiyan Ahmad , Müller Kerstin , Brunnberg Leo , Kalayci Göknil 
Published: January 2017

SummaryThis case study presents two female dwarf zebu calves with permanent bilateral flexion of the stifle joint secondary to bilateral congenital lateral patellar luxation. The patella could be manually repositioned bilaterally in the first calf (14 days old), but re-luxated immediately with release of manual pressure (luxation grade III). In the second calf (28 days old) both patellae were permanently luxated laterally (grade IV). The right and left stifles of each calf were operated in a staged procedure with approximately 14 days between surgery of the two sides. While a lateral release and a medial imbrication were sufficient for correction in the left stifle of the younger calf, a trochlear wedge resection was required in the other three stifle joints with hypo- to aplastic trochleas in order to stabilize the patella. Postoperatively each stifle was immobilized for 10 days with a cast. The younger calf regained full function of the hind limbs during the complete gait cycle in walk and in trot one month after the procedure. The older calf regained full function in the hind limbs in walk but in trot there was some degree of lameness due to a reduced extension of approximately 20°.
Einfluss von Morphin, Butorphanol und Levomethadon in unterschiedlicher Dosierung auf den thermischen nozizeptiven Schwellenwert bei Pferden
Authors: im Sande Paula Dönselmann , Hopster Klaus , Kästner Sabine 
Published: January 2017

ZusammenfassungGegenstand und Ziel: In der Pferdemedizin stehen verschiedene Opioide zur Behandlung von Schmerzen zur Verfügung. Es gibt jedoch wenig Information zu einem direkten Vergleich der analgetischen Effektivität, Wirkdauer und Nebenwirkungen der einzelnen Substanzen. Ziel dieser Studie war die Evaluierung gebräuchlicher Dosierungen von Morphin, Butorphanol und Levomethadon sowie die Evaluierung der analgetischen Effektivität dieser Opioide in einer höheren Dosierung mithilfe der Thermostimulation beim Pferd. Material und Methoden: Bei den Probanden handelte es sich um acht klinisch allgemeingesunde Tiere. Es wurde ein thermischer Reiz gesetzt und eine zuvor definierte Abwehrreaktion des Pferdes als Endpunkt gewertet. Nach Bestimmung von Nullwerten erhielten alle Pferde in einem randomisierten „Cross-over“-Studiendesign ein Plazebo (P = isotone Kochsalzlösung) sowie in jeweils zwei Dosierungen Morphin (M0,1 = 0,1 mg/kg; M0,2 = 0,2 mg/kg), Butorphanol (B0,1 = 0,1 mg/kg; B0,2 = 0,2 mg/kg) und Levomethadon (L0,1 = 0,1 mg/kg; L0,2 = 0,2 mg/kg) mit 14-tägiger Auswaschzeit. Die Messungen erfolgten nach 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, 300, 360, 420, 540 und 1350 Minuten. Neben dem thermischen Schwellenwert wurden Verhalten und Darmmotorik überprüft. Ergebnisse: Zu signifikant erhöhten Schwellenwerten kam es in den Gruppen M0,2 (240 min), B0,1 (90 min), B0,2 (90 min), L0,1 (60 min) und L0,2 (300 min). Verhaltensänderungen in Form von Drangwandern, Lippenspiel, Kopfzucken, erhöhtem Muskeltonus, Zittern, Ataxie oder Leerkauen traten auf. Ferner kam es in allen Gruppen zu einer Reduzierung der Darmgeräusche und einem verzögerten Kotabsatz. Schlussfolgerung und klinische Relevanz: Levomethadon führte dosisabhängig zu einer lang anhaltenden Analgesie, während mit Butorphanol keine Verstärkung der Analgesie in der höheren Dosierung zu erreichen war. Ein Ceiling-Effekt liegt hier nahe. Morphin hatte nur in der hohen Dosis einen nachweisbaren analgetischen Effekt. Weitere Studien sind notwendig, um für den Einsatz von Levomethadon und Morphin beim Pferd eine fundierte Dosisempfehlung zu erarbeiten.
Prevalência de anormalidades nos exames citopatológicos realizados no laboratório de análises clínicas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás - LC PUC - Goiás
Authors: Kruger Erika Christine Fernandes , Chan Sara Anna Chaves , Ribeiro Andrea Alves 
Published: January 2017

Resumo: O câncer do colo do útero possui alta incidência no Brasil. O objetivo foi estimar a prevalência de anormalidades
citológicas nos exames citopatológicos e verificar a associação entre as anormalidades citológicas em dois grupos etários. Este
estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás (LC PUC-GO) no período
de Janeiro a dezembro de 2013, em um modelo estratificado por faixa etária: 14-19 anos, 20-29 anos, 30-39 anos, 40-49
anos, 50-59 anos, 60-69 anos, e maiores que 70 anos, para o cálculo da prevalência. Para a análise estatística da associação entre
as variáveis as lesões foram categorizadas em: menos graves: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance e Low
grade squameus intraepithelial lesion (ASC-US e LSIL) e mais graves: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance
cannot exclude high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion, Atypical endocervical
cells, favor neoplastic (ASC-H, HSIL, AGC-NEO) e a faixa etária subdividida em 14-29 anos e maior ou igual a 30 anos para
o cálculo do Odds Ratio (OR), considerando um intervalo de confiança (IC) de 95% e valor p < 0,05. Foram analisados 2.183
laudos de exames citopatológicos, destes 2.174 classificados como satisfatórios 99,59% (2.174/2.183) e 0,41% (9/2183) insatisfatórios
para análise. A prevalência dos resultados negativos foi de 89,74% (1959/2183) e de resultados com anormalidades
citológicas foi de 9,85% (215/2183). Na faixa etária de 20 a 29 anos, observou-se um total de 0,46% (10/2174) de LSIL e
0,41% (9/2174) de HSIL, de 30 a 39 anos foram observados 1,05% (23/2174) de ASC-H e na entre 40 a 49 de 0,92% (20/2174)
de ASC-H. Mulheres com idade igual ou acima de 30 anos mostraram associação estatisticamente significante (OR: 2,79 IC
95%: 1,50-5,21 p < 0,004). Conclui-se que as anormalidades foram mais prevalentes em mulheres acima de 30 anos.
Palavras-Chave: Câncer do colo do útero. Esfregaços cervicais. Neoplasia intraepitelial
GLOBALIZAÇÃO DA COMUNICAÇÃO, CULTURAS VULNERÁVEIS: APROPRIAÇÃO LOCAL DE CONTEÚDO GLOBAIS – O CASO ANGOLANO
Authors: Signates Luiz , Muchingeca Abdul 
Published: January 2017

RESUMO: o presente artigo é uma reflexão sobre o atípico processo de apropriação de conteúdos simbólicos a partir
das telenovelas brasileiras, os canais MTV e derivados na sociedade angolana. Ele parte da hipótese de que
ambos os produtos midiáticos se tenham tornado as maiores referências para construção de identidade e
são aceitos de forma hegemônica por lá. Traz também uma breve reflexão sobre os níveis de vulnerabilidade
cultural que se registram naquela sociedade e vai ao sentido de problematizar a realidade vivida em Angola.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Conteúdo simbólico. Globalização. Identidade. Novelas, MTV.
JORNAIS APOIARAM O IMPEACHMENT DE DILMA?
Authors: Alves Cileide 
Published: January 2017

RESUMO: a polarização do debate político no Brasil após a posse da presidente Dilma Rousseff para seu segundo mandato,
em janeiro de 2015, chegou também às mídias tradicionais. A cobertura dos veículos de comunicação
das crises política e econômica e do processo de impeachment na Câmara dos Deputados foi muito questionada,
principalmente pelos apoiadores da presidente e de seu governo e por setores da esquerda brasileira.
Teria os jornais brasileiros tomado partido a favor ou contra a presidente? Esse artigo visou buscar elementos
nos próprios jornais para tentar entender como três maiores jornais do país, O GLOBO, Folha de S.Paulo e
O Estado de S.Paulo se posicionaram. Os três foram escolhidos porque seus acervos estão disponíveis na
internet.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Impeachment Dilma Rousseff. Jornalismo. Editoriais.
A scalped peatscape on Nólsoy, Faroe Islands / Uppskornar torvheiðar í Nólsoy
Authors: Edwards Kevin J. , Hansen Steffen Stummann , Bjarnason Gunnar 
Published: January 2017

ÚrtakØkið sunnan fyri bøgarðin í Nólsoy, „Uppi í Heiðunum“, er uppskorið, har er eingin mógvur eftir og lítið og einki jørðildi. Slík uppskorin heiðalendi eru væl kend í skotsku oyggjunum og vísa á, at tørvurin á mógvi var so stórur í hesum oyggjunum, at heiðarnar vórðu uppskornar og gjørdist oyður. Í greinini verða hesi viðurskifti viðgjørd saman við fornfrøðiligu leivdunum, sum síggjast í økinum, møguliga komin undan í sambandi við, at torvheiðarnar vórðu uppskornar. AbstractAn area of land south of the village of Nólsoy, Faroe Islands, has been stripped of its peat and turf capping. Such ‘scalping’ of the land surface is a recognised feature of peatland landscapes in the Northern Isles of Scotland and reflects the need for past human populations to obtain peat, even if population pressures result in the total loss of a valuable resource. Such aspects are discussed together with a consideration of the archaeological features which have been revealed from beneath the peat by scalping on Nólsoy.
Identity Politics and Distribution of Power: A Contemporary Study of Coochbehar
Authors: Munshi Arijit 
Published: January 2017

<p><em>Contemporary India has experienced several movements. Separate state movement(s) is one of them by a particular community, Rajbanshi. Generally this movement has started to get a specific identity of the community. From the late nineteenth century it was started by a leader called Panchanan Burma. Slowly this movement has mixed with Indian national politics. And now it has taken an important role in contemporary parliamentary vote politics. To ensure the political stand the upper strata of leaders of Rajbanshi separate state movement have sketched their parties (political and non-political) in the northern districts of West Bengal and adjacent part of Assam. There are many political parties and associations within ‘the movement’. These parties and associations are – Greater Coochbehar Peoples Association (GCPA), Greater Coochbehar Peoples Association (GCPA, it is a political party), Kamtapur Peoples Party (KPP), Kamtapur Progressive Party (KPP) and Greater Coochbehar Democratic Party (GCDP). </em></p><em> The present paper wishes to explore the facts of contemporary identity politics of Rajbanshis in Coochbehar and also highlights the distribution of power within the political and non-political parties or association in the region. Data has been collected from ten villages selected from the Coochbehar district during 2010 to 2016. Secondary data was also used. Section I deals with regional identity and power. Section II deals with political parties or associations and their structural formation which helps them to establish this regional identity in recent times. Section III deals with politics of forum and also highlights the fact of distribution of power within the northern districts of west Bengal.</em>