bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Openness to experience shortens duration of untreated psychosis in Serbian clinical population
Authors: Maric Nadja P. , Andric Sanja , Mihaljevic Marina , Mirjanic Tijana 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo determine duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) in patients with schizophrenia‐spectrum disorders from Serbia and to analyse factors that potentially contribute to the treatment delay, with focus on personality traits.MethodsFifty seven patients (males 54.4%; age = 29.9 ± 6.0 yrs; age at the illness onset = 24.9 ± 5.1 yrs; IQ = 93.5 ± 12.2) were included. The assessment consisted of Nottingham Onset Schedule (NOS), Premorbid Adjustment Scale (PAS) and NEO Personality Inventory (NEO‐PI‐R). We used Cox regression model to evaluate relationship between DUP and explanatory variables.ResultsBased on the most restrictive definition, the length of DUP in our sample was 77.8 ± 120.6 weeks (MED = 25.0 weeks). DUP was negatively associated with openness to experience (B = −0.804, P = 0.024).ConclusionsWe report the first evidence of DUP in Serbia, emphasizing that the personality domains are likely to impact the use of mental health care in persons with psychosis.
Correlation of the patient's reported outcome Inflammatory‐RODS with an objective metric in immune‐mediated neuropathies
Authors: Draak T. H. P. , Gorson K. C. , Vanhoutte E. K. , van Nes S. I. , van Doorn P. A. , Cornblath D. R. , van den Berg L. H. , Faber C. G. , Merkies I. S. J. ,   the PeriNomS Study Group
Published: April 2016

Background and purposeThere is increasing interest in using patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in clinical studies to capture individual changes over time. However, PROMs have also been criticized because they are entirely subjective. Our objective was to examine the relationship between a subjective PROM and an objective outcome tool in patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) and gammopathy‐related polyneuropathy (MGUSP).MethodsThe Inflammatory Rasch‐built Overall Disability Scale (I‐RODS©, a multi‐item scale that examines functionality) was completed by 137 patients with newly diagnosed (or relapsing) GBS (55), CIDP (59) and MGUSP (23) who were serially examined (GBS/CIDP, T0/T1/T3/T6/T12 months; MGUSP, T0/T3/T12). Possible association between the I‐RODS findings and the vigorimeter scores, an objective linear instrument to assess grip strength, was examined.ResultsA significant correlating trend was found between the I‐RODS and grip strength scores for the overall group and in each illness, independently.ConclusionThe objectivity of patients' subjective report on their functional state based on a strong correlation between the I‐RODS and grip strength in patients with GBS, CIDP and MGUSP has been demonstrated. These findings provide further support to use the I‐RODS and grip strength in future clinical studies in these conditions.
Improving niche and range estimates with Maxent and point process models by integrating spatially explicit information
Authors: Merow Cory , Allen Jenica M. , Aiello‐Lammens Matthew , Silander John A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimAccurate spatial information on species occurrence is essential to address global change. Models for presence‐only data are central to predicting species distributions because these represent the only geographical information available for many species. In this paper we introduce extensions to incorporate a variety of types of additional spatially explicit sources of information in Maxent and Poisson point process models. This spatial information comes from the output of other statistical or conceptual models.InnovationOur approach relies on minimizing the relative (or cross) entropy (known as Minxent) between the predicted distribution and a prior distribution. In many scenarios, researchers have some additional information or expectations about the species distribution, such as outputs from previous models. Here, we show how to use this information to improve predictions of both niche models and spatial distributions, depending on what types of spatially explicit prior information is available and how it is incorporated in the model.Main conclusionsWe illustrate applications of Minxent that include models for sampling bias, explicitly incorporating dispersal/other ecological processes, combining native and invasive range data, incorporating expert maps, and borrowing strength across taxonomic relatives. These applications focus on addressing biological scenarios where range modelling is extremely challenging – non‐equilibrium species distributions and rare and narrowly distributed species – due to data limitations. When data are limited, we are typically forced to make informal assumptions or lean on predictions of other models in order to obtain useful predictions; our applications of Minxent provide a formal way of describing these assumptions and connections to other models.
Supporting older people with cancer and life‐limiting conditions dying at home: a qualitative study of patient and family caregiver experiences of Hospice at Home care
Authors: Jack Barbara A. , Mitchell Tracy K. , Cope Louise C. , O'Brien Mary R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo explore patients' and family caregivers' experiences and perceptions of Hospice at Home care.BackgroundThe public indicate a preference to be cared for and to die at home. This has inherent challenges, with a key factor being the family caregiver. Supporting end‐of‐life care at home has resulted in the expansion of Hospice at Home services. A wide configuration of services exists with a lack of robust evidence as to what is valued by recipients, particularly those who are older people.DesignA prospective descriptive qualitative study.MethodsRecruitment was purposive. Eligible participants were in receipt of Hospice at Home service on at least three occasions and were deemed to have a life expectancy measured in weeks rather than days. Digitally recorded semistructured interviews with 41 participants (16 patients and 25 family caregivers) were undertaken between October 2014 ‐ July 2015. Data were analysed and organized thematically.ResultsSeveral subthemes: ‘Talking about’; ‘Knowing and Doing’; ‘Caring for the Caregivers’; and ‘Promoting Choice’ contributed to the overall theme of Embracing Holism. A positive impact on emotional, psychological, social and physical well‐being was apparent.ConclusionsThis study has provided additional insights as to the value of Hospice at Home care where Hospice Nurses are helping to bring Hospice care into the home. This is helping to support older people who are dying and their caregivers, to live as well as possible and facilitate their wish to be cared for and die in their own home.
Is it really theoretical? A review of sampling in grounded theory studies in nursing journals
Authors: McCrae Niall , Purssell Edward 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBackgroundGrounded theory is a distinct method of qualitative research, where core features are theoretical sampling and constant comparative analysis. However, inconsistent application of these activities has been observed in published studies.AimThis review assessed the use of theoretical sampling in grounded theory studies in nursing journals.DesignAn adapted systematic review was conducted.MethodThree leading nursing journals (2010–2014) were searched for studies stating grounded theory as the method. Sampling was assessed using a concise rating tool.ResultsA high proportion (86%) of the 134 articles described an iterative process of data collection and analysis. However, half of the studies did not demonstrate theoretical sampling, with many studies declaring or indicating a purposive sampling approach throughout.ConclusionSpecific reporting guidelines for grounded theory studies should be developed to ensure that study reports describe an iterative process of fieldwork and theoretical development.
Transitioning from acute to primary health care nursing: an integrative review of the literature
Authors: Ashley Christine , Halcomb Elizabeth , Brown Angela 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesThis paper seeks to explore the transition experiences of acute care nurses entering employment in primary health care settings.BackgroundInternationally the provision of care in primary health care settings is increasing. Nurses are moving from acute care settings to meet the growing demand for a primary health care workforce. While there is significant research relating to new graduate transition experiences, little is known about the transition experience from acute care into primary health care employment.DesignAn integrative review, guided by Whittemore and Knafl's (2005) approach, was undertaken. Following a systematic literature search eight studies met the inclusion criteria.MethodsPapers which met the study criteria were identified and assessed against the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Papers were then subjected to methodological quality appraisal. Thematic analysis was undertaken to identify key themes within the data.ResultsEight papers met the selection criteria. All described nurses transitioning to either community or home nursing settings. Three themes were identified: (1) a conceptual understanding of transition, (2) role losses and gains and (3) barriers and enablers.ConclusionThere is a lack of research specifically exploring the transitioning of acute care nurses to primary health care settings. To better understand this process, and to support the growth of the primary health care workforce there is an urgent need for further well‐designed research.Relevance to clinical practiceThere is an increasing demand for the employment of nurses in primary health care settings. To recruit experienced nurses it is logical that many nurses will transition into primary health care from employment in the acute sector. To optimise retention and enhance the transition experience of these nurses it is important to understand the transition experience.
The relationship between sexual orientation and depression in a national population sample
Authors: Scott Roger L , Lasiuk Gerri , Norris Colleen 
Published: April 2016

Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study was to examine the relationship between sexual orientation and depression in a nationally representative population to determine if sexual minorities report higher levels of depression than the remainder of the population.BackgroundDepression is a highly prevalent and disabling chronic disorder worldwide. Prior research utilizing national population samples have reported that members of sexual minorities are at higher risk for depression when compared to heterosexual people. More recent studies have revealed differences in depression risk based on sexual orientation, sexual activity and sex. There have been significant shifts in societal attitudes towards sexual minorities in recent decades. Continuing research into predictors for reporting depression amongst sexual minorities is needed.MethodsNational Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2005–2012 were used to identify sexual minority status based on declared sexual orientation and presence of same‐sex sexual activity. Complex samples logistic and multivariate regression models were used to predict depression adjusted for sexual orientation, sexual activity, age, sex, marital status, education, income, race/ethnicity, employment and health status.ResultsSexual orientation was not a significant independent predictor of depressive symptoms overall. Gay men reported lower levels of depressive symptoms than heterosexual men. In the sex stratified analyses, men who reported having sex with men were five times more likely to report depressive symptomatology compared to men who reported opposite sex partners (2005–2008 adjusted odds ratios: 5·00; 95% confidence interval: 1·44–17·38; 2009–2012 adjusted odds ratios: 5·10; 95% confidence interval: 1·33–19·54) after controlling for sexual orientation.ConclusionsResults of our analyses indicate that homosexually experienced heterosexual men appear to be at highest risk for depression. Furthermore, reported physical health status was a significant independent predictor of depression in all models, suggesting a strong link between physical and mental health.Relevance to clinical practiceHealth care providers should inquire about sexual orientation and sexual behaviour as part of a routine health history and be familiar with the unique health needs of sexual minorities to tailor clinical practice and foster safe, inclusive, health care environments.
Endoloop technique for laparoscopic cornuectomy: A safe and effective approach for the treatment of interstitial pregnancy
Authors: Faioli Raffaele , Berretta Roberto , Dall'Asta Andrea , Di Serio Maurizio , Galli Letizia , Monica Michela , Frusca Tiziana 
Published: April 2016

AbstractInterstitial pregnancy (IP) occurs within the intramural portion of the tube and accounts for 2% of ectopic pregnancies. Surgery is considered the most definitive treatment for IPs, although there is no clear consensus regarding the optimal approach. In this paper we describe the advantages of cornual resection performed using the Endoloop technique and present three patients who were successfully treated using this approach. IP diagnosis was confirmed at two and three‐dimensional ultrasound and laparoscopy in all cases. Fertility sparing surgery with cornuectomy by Endoloop ligature technique demonstrated low mean operating time and blood loss, and allowed the quick recovery and discharge of all patients. Laparoscopy has become the gold standard surgical approach for IP. Cornual resection or excision is the most commonly performed procedure. In our case series, the Endoloop technique showed excellent treatment outcomes in terms of effectiveness, blood loss, operative time, recovery and post‐procedure fertility. Because of these features, Endoloop appears to be a suitable option for the laparoscopic management of IPs, both in elective and emergency settings.
Developmental outcomes in cerebrospinal fluid proven enteroviral meningitis in neonates > 32 weeks of gestation
Authors: Balasubramanian Haribalakrishna , Wagh Deepika , Rao Shripada , Keil Anthony D , McMichael Judy 
Published: April 2016

AimThe aim of this study is to assess the short‐term and long‐term (1 year) outcomes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) confirmed enteroviral meningitis in neonates > 32 weeks of gestation.MethodsA retrospective audit of neonates admitted between 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2012.ResultsThirty‐three neonates were diagnosed with enteroviral meningitis based on a positive CSF enteroviral PCR. Physical growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 1 year corrected for prematurity were available for 24 infants. All infants were alive at 1 year. The median weight, length and head circumference at 1 year were in the 72nd, 62nd and 78th centile and were comparable with the birth parameters. The mean general quotient (GQ) was 98.5 (SD 7.1) and was not significantly different from the population mean of 100.2 (P = 0.27). None of the infants had a GQ > 2SD below the population mean. Neurological recovery was complete in the 24 neonates assessed except one, who developed cerebral palsy, epilepsy and progressive hydrocephalus requiring ventriculoperitoneal shunt at 1 year.ConclusionNeonatal enteroviral meningitis was associated with optimal growth and neurodevelopment in the majority of the infants at 1 year corrected for prematurity. Longer term studies are needed to better define developmental outcomes.
Controlling and Defence‐related Mechanisms of Bacillus Strains Against Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice
Authors: Elshakh Ahmed S. A. , Anjum Syed Ishtiaq , Qiu Wen , Almoneafy Abdulwareth A. , Li Wang , Yang Zhang , Cui Zhou‐Qi , Li Bin , Sun Guo‐Chang , Xie Guan‐Lin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBacillus strains are broadly studied for their beneficial role in plant growth and biological control of plant disease and pest; however, little is known about their underlying mechanisms. In this study, we assessed the controlling and defence‐related mechanisms of three Bacillus strains including rice seed‐associated strain B. subtilis A15, rhizobacterial strains B. amyloliquefaciens D29 and B. methylotrophicus H8, all of which are against bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Results indicated that all three strains showed strong biofilm formation ability. The culture filtrates of each strain significantly suppressed the growth and biofilm formation of X. oryzae, while changes in bacterial cell morphology such as cell swell and severe cell wall alterations were observed through the transmission electron microscopy images. PCR analysis revealed that all three strains harbour the antimicrobial‐associated genes that are responsible for biosynthesis of bacillomycin, fengycin, iturin and surfactin. Subsequent real‐time qPCR analysis revealed the upregulated expression of fenD and srfAA genes in D29 and H8, and fenD and ituC genes in A15 during their in vitro interaction with X. oryzae. It suggests that the antibacterial mechanisms of the three strains may be at least partially associated with their ability to secrete corresponding lipopeptides. Interestingly, the applications of the three strains in greenhouse conditions were found to be effective in controlling the BLB disease, which was achieved through the activation of inducing systemic resistance resulted from the enhanced activities of defence‐related enzymes. This is the first report of demonstration of the mode of antibacterial effect of Bacillus strains against X. oryzae. Overall, data from the current study provide valuable information for biological control of BLB disease in rice.
Assessing health literacy and oral health: preliminary results of a multi‐site investigation
Authors: Macek Mark D. , Atchison Kathryn A. , Watson Maria Rosa , Holtzman Jennifer , Wells William , Braun Bonnie , Aldoory Linda , Messadi Diana , Gironda Melanie , Haynes Don , Parker Ruth M. , Chen Haiyan , Coller Susan , Richards Jessica 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesTo introduce a multi‐site assessment of oral health literacy and to describe preliminary analyses of the relationships between health literacy and selected oral health outcomes within the context of a comprehensive conceptual model.MethodsData for this analysis came from the Multi‐Site Oral Health Literacy Research Study (MOHLRS), a federally funded investigation of health literacy and oral health. MOHLRS consisted of a broad survey, including several health literacy assessments, and measures of attitudes, knowledge, and other factors. The survey was administered to 922 initial care‐seeking adult patients presenting to university‐based dental clinics in California and Maryland. For this descriptive analysis, confidence filling out forms, word recognition, and reading comprehension comprised the health literacy assessments. Dental visits, oral health functioning, and dental self‐efficacy were the outcomes.ResultsOverall, up to 21% of participants reported having difficulties with practical health literacy tasks. After controlling for sociodemographic confounders, no health literacy assessment was associated with dental visits or dental caries self‐efficacy. However, confidence filling out forms and word recognition were each associated with oral health functioning and periodontal disease self‐efficacy.ConclusionsOur analysis showed that dental school patients exhibit a range of health literacy abilities. It also revealed that the relationship between health literacy and oral health is not straightforward, depending on patient characteristics and the unique circumstances of the encounter. We anticipate future analyses of MOHLRS data will answer questions about the role that health literacy and various mediating factors play in explaining oral health disparities.
Development and characterization of a novel lipohydrogel nanocarrier: repaglinide as a lipophilic model drug
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein Ali , Javadzadeh Yousef , Hamidi Mehrdad , Barzegar Jalali Mohammad 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Objectives
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are highly susceptible to phagocytosis by reticuloendothelial system (RES). To overcome this problem, a novel hydrogel-coated SLNs structure was developed and evaluated in this study.

Methods
Solid lipid nanoparticles surface was coated with chitosan, via electrostatic attraction with the negatively charged SLNs surface. The resulting polymer-coated SLNs then hosted an inorganic poly-anionic agent, tripolyphosphate, to form the final lipohydrogel structure.

Key findings
Compared with the bare SLNs, lipohydrogel nanoparticles (LHNs) showed a significant increase in size and zeta potential. The release profile showed lower burst release and lower release rate for LHNs compared with SLNs. LHNs nanoparticles released the model antidiabetic drug, repaglinide, in a more sustained manner with lower burst effect compared with the corresponding SLN structure. Cytotoxicity studies via cell culture and MTT assay revealed no bio-toxicity of the SLNs and LHNs. In addition, intravenous administration of repaglinide-loaded SLNs and LHNs in rats showed longer drug residence time in circulation for LHNs, a trend also evident for the blood glucose level-time profile.

Conclusion
The particle size, zeta potential, FTIR and microscopy data demonstrated the formation of the supposed lipohydrogel nanoparticles. All these benefits of LHNs propose it as a promising candidate for controlled release of the drugs.