bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alterations in striato-thalamo-pallidal intrinsic functional connectivity as a prodrome of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Dayan Eran , Browner Nina 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAlthough the diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains anchored around the cardinal motor symptoms of bradykinesia, rest tremor, rigidity and postural instability, it is becoming increasingly clear that the clinical phase of the disease is preceded by a long period of neurodegeneration, which is not readily evident in terms of motor dysfunction. The neurobiological mechanisms that underpin this prodromal phase of PD remain poorly understood. Based on converging evidence of basal ganglia (BG) dysfunction in early PD, we set out to establish whether the prodromal phase of the disease is characterized by alterations in functional communication within the input and output structures of the BG. We analyzed resting-state functional MRI data collected from patients with REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and/or hyposmia, two of the strongest markers of prodromal PD, in comparison to age-matched controls. Relative to controls, subjects in the prodromal group showed reduced intra- and interhemispheric functional connectivity in a striato-thalamo-pallidal network. Functional connectivity alterations were restricted to the BG and did not extend to functional connections with the cortex. The data suggest that local interactions between input and output BG structures may be disrupted already in the prodromal phase of PD.
A complete electron microscopy volume of the brain of adultDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Zheng Zhihao , Lauritzen J. Scott , Perlman Eric , Robinson Camenzind G. , Nichols Matthew , Milkie Daniel , Torrens Omar , Price John , Fisher Corey B. , Sharifi Nadiya , Calle-Schuler Steven A. , Kmecova Lucia , Ali Iqbal J. , Karsh Bill , Trautman Eric T. , Bogovic John , Hanslovsky Philipp , Jefferis Gregory S. X. E. , Kazhdan Michael , Khairy Khaled , Saalfeld Stephan , Fetter Richard D. , Bock Davi D. 
Published: May 2017

SUMMARYDrosophila melanogasterhas a rich repertoire of innate and learned behaviors. Its 100,000–neuron brain is a large but tractable target for comprehensive neural circuit mapping. Only electron microscopy (EM) enables complete, unbiased mapping of synaptic connectivity; however, the fly brain is too large for conventional EM. We developed a custom high-throughput EM platform and imaged the entire brain of an adult female fly. We validated the dataset by tracing brain-spanning circuitry involving the mushroom body (MB), intensively studied for its role in learning. Here we describe the complete set of olfactory inputs to the MB; find a new cell type providing driving input to Kenyon cells (the intrinsic MB neurons); identify neurons postsynaptic to Kenyon cell dendrites; and find that axonal arbors providing input to the MB calyx are more tightly clustered than previously indicated by light-level data. This freely available EM dataset will significantly accelerateDrosophilaneuroscience.HIGHLIGHTS- A complete adult fruit fly brain was imaged, using electron microscopy (EM)- The EM volume enables brain-spanning mapping of neuronal circuits at the synaptic level- Olfactory projection neurons cluster more tightly in mushroom body calyx than expected from light-level data- The primary postsynaptic targets of Kenyon cells (KCs) in the MB are other KCs, as well as the anterior paired lateral (APL) neuron- A newly discovered cell type, MB-CP2, integrates input from several sensory modalities and provides microglomerular input to KCs in MB calyx- A software pipeline was created in which EM-traced skeletons can be searched for within existing large-scale light microscopy (LM) databases of neuronal morphology, facilitating cell type identification and discovery of relevant genetic driver lines
An amino acid motif in HLA-DRβ1 distinguishes patients with uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Haasnoot A.J.W. , Schilham M.W. , Kamphuis S.S.M. , Hissink Muller P.C.E. , Heiligenhaus A. , Foell D. , Ophoff R.A. , Radstake T.R.D.J. , Den Hollander A.I. , Reinards T.H.C.M. , Hiddingh S. , Schalij-Delfos N. , Hoppenreijs E.P.A.H. , van Rossum M.A.J. , Wouters C. , Saurenmann R.K. , Wulffraat N. ,   ICON-JIA study group, ten Cate R. , de Boer J.H. , Pulit S.L. , Kuiper J.J.W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractUveitis is a visually-debilitating disorder that affects up to 30% of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). To identify genetic susceptibility loci for uveitis in JIA, we conducted a genome-wide association study comparing 192 JIA-associated uveitis cases with 330 JIA individuals without uveitis. Two cohorts of JIA patients underwent genotyping and quality control. We used an HLA-specific imputation panel to impute HLA-specific amino acids and HLA types, and identified the amino acid serine at position 11 (serine-11) inHLA- DRB1as associated to increased risk of uveitis (OR = 2.60, p = 5.43×10−10). The signal at serine-11 was female-specific (interaction of sex and serine-11, p = 0.0096). Serine-11 resides in the YST-motif (positions 10-12) in the peptide binding groove of HLA-DRB1. Quantitative binding affinity predictions revealed peptide-binding preferences that distinguish HLA-DRB1 allotypes with the YST-motif. Our findings highlight a genetically distinct, sexually-dimorphic feature of JIA-associated uveitis.
Marker-guided auto-landing on a moving platform
Authors: Borshchova Iryna , O’Young Siu 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for a vision-based automatic landing of a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on a moving platform. The landing system must be highly accurate and meet the size, weigh, and power restrictions of a small UAV.

Design/methodology/approach
The vision-based landing system consists of a pattern of red markers placed on a moving target, an image processing algorithm for pattern detection, and a servo-control for tracking. The suggested approach uses a color-based object detection and image-based visual servoing.

Findings
The developed prototype system has demonstrated the capability of landing within 25 cm of the desired point of touchdown. This auto-landing system is small (100×100 mm), light-weight (100 g), and consumes little power (under 2 W).

Originality/value
The novelty and the main contribution of the suggested approach are a creative combination of work in two fields: image processing and controls as applied to the UAV landing. The developed image processing algorithm has low complexity as compared to other known methods, which allows its implementation on general-purpose low-cost hardware. The theoretical design has been verified systematically via simulations and then outdoors field tests.
UAV and the comparison of image processing software
Authors: Kaimaris Dimitris , Patias Petros , Sifnaiou Maria 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to discuss unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and the comparison of image processing software.

Design/methodology/approach
Images from a drone are used and processed with new digital image processing software, Imagine UAV® of Erdas imagine 2015®. The products (Digital Surface Model and ortho images) are validated with check points (CPs) measured in the field with Global Positioning System. Moreover, similar products are produced by Agisoft PhotoScan® software and are compared with both the products of Imagine UAV and the CPs.

Findings
The results reveal that the two software tools are almost equivalent, while the accuracies of their products are similar to the accuracies of the external orientations of drone images.

Originality/value
Comparison of image processing software.
Bank capital and liquidity creation: evidence of relation from India
Authors: Umar Muhammad , Sun Gang , Majeed Muhammad Ansar 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This study analyzes the impact of changes in bank capital on liquidity creation. More specifically, it tests “financial fragility – crowding out” and “risk absorption” hypotheses for Indian banks.

Design/methodology/approach
It uses the data of 136 listed and unlisted banks, ranging from the year 2000 to 2014. The analysis is based on panel data techniques.

Findings
There is negative relationship between narrow measure of bank liquidity creation and capital. Therefore, in the case of India, “financial fragility – crowding out” hypothesis holds for “cat nonfat” measure of liquidity creation. However, there is no relationship between “cat fat” measure of liquidity creation and capital, except for listed banks, and the banks in the pre-crisis period. In these two cases, “risk absorption” hypothesis holds. Furthermore, none of the hypotheses holds in the post-crisis period.

Practical implications
The higher capital requirements posed by the Basel III will result in lower on-balance-sheet liquidity creation, which may result in lower profitability for the banks. However, increase in capital does not affect off-balance-sheet liquidity creation, rather enhances it in case of listed banks. So, the managers may use risky off-balance-sheet liquidity creation to improve profitability. Therefore, the regulators must be vigilant to the off-balance-sheet activities of banks to avoid banking turmoil.

Originality/value
To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to explore which hypothesis regarding the relationship between bank capital and liquidity creation holds for Indian banks. It contributes to the existing literature by providing the empirical evidence that “financial fragility – crowding out” hypothesis holds for on-balance-sheet liquidity creation and “risk absorption” hypothesis holds for listed banks. It also points to the new direction that neither of the hypotheses holds in the post-crisis period in India.
Relational resources for emerging markets’ non-technological innovation: insights from China and Taiwan
Authors: Fletcher-Chen Chavi C.-Y. , AL-Husan Faten Baddar , ALHussan Fawaz Baddar 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to highlight the importance of relational resources (trust and relationship effectiveness). The authors investigate how the Chinese guanxi is utilized to create and develop service exploitation and exploration activities for adopting non-technological innovations.Design/methodology/approachThis study surveyed 252 Chinese and Taiwanese firms. The results were analyzed through structural equation model.FindingsRelational antecedents of collaborative communication and constructive conflict positively relate to trust, as well as to relationship effectiveness. Constructive conflict positively relates to exploration and exploitation. Relationship effectiveness and trust mediate two relational antecedents to exploitation. Relationship effectiveness crucially mediates two relational antecedents to exploration.Research limitations/implicationsDyadic data would be more desirable to study firm interactions.Practical implicationsChinese society perceives conflict as being detrimental to relationships. Constructive conflict enhances inter-firm trust and relationship effectiveness. Relationship effectiveness, which motivates suppliers to mobilize their guanxi network, mediates the supplier–customer interaction in broadening relationships to produce new services, as well as reinforcing networks to strengthen existing ventures.Originality/valueThis study contributes to a relatively under-explored relationship effectiveness area. Chinese suppliers capitalize their guanxi networks to achieve competitive advantages in non-technological innovation.
Modelling the impact of earthquake activity on real estate values: a multi-level approach
Authors: Keskin Berna , Dunning Richard , Watkins Craig 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the impact of a recent earthquake activity on house prices and their spatial distribution in the Istanbul housing market.Design/methodology/approachThe paper uses a multi-level approach within an event study framework to model changes in the pattern of house prices in Istanbul. The model allows the isolation of the effects of earthquake risk and explores the differential impact in different submarkets in two study periods – one before (2007) and one after (2012) recent earthquake activity in the Van region, which although in Eastern Turkey served to alter the perceptions of risk through the wider geographic region.FindingsThe analysis shows that there are variations in the size of price discounts in submarkets resulting from the differential influence of a recent earthquake activity on perceived risk of damage. The model results show that the spatial impacts of these changes are not transmitted evenly across the study area. Rather it is clear that submarkets at the cheaper end of the market have proportionately larger negative impacts on real estate values.Research limitations/implicationsThe robustness of the models would be enhanced by the addition of further spatial levels and larger data sets.Practical implicationsThe methods introduced in this study can be used by real estate agents, valuers and insurance companies to help them more accurately assess the likely impacts of changes in the perceived risk of earthquake activity (or other environmental events such as flooding) on the formation of house prices in different market segments.Social implicationsThe application of these methods is intended to inform a fairer approach to setting insurance premiums and a better basis for determining policy interventions and public investment designed to mitigate potential earthquake risk.Originality/valueThe paper represents an attempt to develop a novel extension of the standard use of hedonic models in event studies to investigate the impact of natural disasters on real estate values. The value of the approach is that it is able to better capture the granularity of the spatial effects of environmental events than the standard approach.
Factors related to the Central Bank instructions on money laundering
Authors: Jaara Osama Omar , Kadomi Abdelrahim M. 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate Jordan’s framework specifics of the anti-money laundering (AML) policy and factors related to the Central Bank instructions on money laundering.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire has been distributed to a random data sample of 100 branch bank managers and supervisors who have a sufficient experience in this issue, and at-test statistical technique has been used.FindingsThe results revealed that commercial banks of Jordan are committed to the instruction of the central bank, and they are highly qualified in all investigated measures.Practical implicationsThis study supports the Central Bank of Jordan’s efforts in combating money laundering, which encourage all commercial banks of one country to follow the same adopted regulations to identify and report transactions of suspicious behaviour: investigate capability of the tellers and customer account representatives to report such activities, use AML software, filter customer’s data classify available information according to levels of suspicion or based on the uncertain customers without being subject to the institutional secrecy jurisdiction and to work under cooperative management.Originality/valueIt has been recommended to utilize more advanced technology, intensify training and ensure for more knowing clients’ knowledge. The importance of this paper is to insure the following: first, the banking system is obliged to recognize and report suspicious money laundering transactions, regarding up to date the FATFA equivalence status of other countries; second, increase the awareness and ensure the central bank efforts’ success; third, assure the adequacy of different issues such as the internal control system tools; devices or tools availability; and sufficient employees’ qualifications in facing launderers attempts; fourth, to be sure that suspected transactions are checked against any commercial bank records; finally, to be sure that commercial banks are giving enough considerations to all the AML proactive actions such as the regulations of checking while opening an account, accepting money on deposit, giving loans, issuing a debit card, traveller’s check and collecting enough information about new clients.
2016 FINRA analysis: a record-breaking year for fines
Authors: Rubin Brian , Pollet Adam 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
To analyze FINRA’s 2016 sanctions and cases, the issues that resulted in the most significant fines, emerging enforcement trends, and make predictions about key issues for FINRA for 2017 and beyond.

Design/methodology/approach
Discusses the sanctions and disciplinary actions in 2016 and prior years; details the top 2016 enforcement issues measured by total fines assessed, including anti-money laundering, variable annuities, trade reporting, books and records, and unregistered securities; explains current enforcement trends, including fines of $1 million or more, sanctions against compliance officers, and suitability cases; and analyzes three enforcement topics that will likely continue to receive heightened attention from FINRA in 2017 and beyond: restitution, cybersecurity, and senior investors.

Findings
The fines ordered by FINRA in 2016 reached an all-time high while the amount of restitution ordered and the number of disciplinary actions remained on par with prior years.

Practical implications
Firms and their representatives should heed the trends in both the substantial fines FINRA is ordering and the related enforcement issues in the cases FINRA has brought.

Originality/value
Expert analysis and guidance from experienced securities enforcement lawyers.
Debunking the $17 billion myth: the mathemagics behind the fiduciary rule
Authors: Schaff Jeffery E. , Schaff Michele L. 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
Identifies fundamental errors, both mathematical and methodological, in the purported $17 billion annual benefit from the U.S. Department of Labor’s Conflict of Interest Rule, commonly known as the Fiduciary Rule.

Design/methodology/approach
Examines the methodologies and data used by the Council of Economic Advisers (CEA) in calculating the estimated $17 billion benefit of the Fiduciary Rule, and then recalculates the benefit according to the CEA’s stated methodologies and data descriptions. The approach is non-partisan, the review apolitical.

Findings
The article concludes that the estimated $17 benefit from the DOL’s Fiduciary Rule was grossly exaggerated and that other data suggests the Rule may not provide meaningful new protections for investors.

Originality/value
From the perspective of staunch fiduciary advocates, the calculation of the benefit to IRA investors from the DOL’s Fiduciary Rule is examined. The current measures that protect individual investors are also noted. The information may provide a turning point in the discussion of the Rule’s delay and potential rescission. It may also provide relevant points for the DOL to consider as it carries out its task of re-evaluating the Rule.
How can financial organizations improve employee loyalty? The effects of ethical leadership, psychological contract fulfillment and organizational identification
Authors: Tseng Lu-Ming , Wu Jui-Yun 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of ethical leadership on the financial professionals’ loyalty by focusing on the mediating effects of perceived psychological contract fulfillment (PPCF) and organizational identification (OI).Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire survey was used in this research.FindingsFinancial professionals in Taiwan were recruited for the sample. The results revealed that the professionals’ experiences of ethical leadership positively associated with their loyalty toward their companies. The results further showed that the PPCF and OI significantly mediated the relationship.Originality/valueFew studies have examined how ethical leadership could stimulate financial professionals’ loyalty. The findings of this study may provide some implications for those involved in the practice of leadership and employee loyalty programs. On the other hand, the focus of Taiwan is unique and helps improve the generalizability of previous studies on the relationship between ethical leadership and employee identification.
Context‐dependent colonization dynamics: Regional reward contagion drives local compression in aquatic beetles
Authors: Pintar Matthew R. , Resetarits William J. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Habitat selection by colonizing organisms is an important factor in determining species abundance and community dynamics at multiple spatial scales. Many organisms select habitat patches based on intrinsic patch quality, but patches exist in complex landscapes linked by dispersal and colonization, forming metapopulations and metacommunities. Perceived patch quality can be influenced by neighbouring patches through spatial contagion, wherein perceived quality of one patch can extend beyond its borders and either increase or decrease the colonization of neighbouring patches and localities. These spatially explicit colonization dynamics can result in habitat compression, wherein more colonists occupy a patch or locality than in the absence of spatial context dependence.

Previous work on contagion/compression focused primarily on the role of predators in driving colonization patterns. Our goal was to determine whether resource abundance can drive multi‐scale colonization dynamics of aquatic beetles through the processes of contagion and compression in naturally colonized experimental pools.

We established two levels (high/low quality) of within‐patch resource abundances (leaf litter) using an experimental landscape of mesocosms, and assayed colonization by 35 species of aquatic beetles. Patches were arranged in localities (sets of two patches), which consisted of a combination of two patch‐level resource levels in a 2 × 2 factorial design, allowing us to assay colonization at both locality and patch levels.

We demonstrate that patterns of species abundance and richness of colonizing aquatic beetles are determined by patch quality and context‐dependent processes at multiple spatial scales. Localities that consisted of at least one high‐quality patch were colonized at equivalent rates that were higher than localities containing only low‐quality patches, displaying regional reward contagion. In localities that consisted of one high‐ and one low‐quality patch, reward contagion produced by higher leaf litter levels resulted in greater abundance of beetles in such localities, which then compressed into the highest quality patches.

Our results provide further support for the critical roles of habitat selection and spatial context, particularly the quality of neighbouring habitat patches, in generating patterns of species abundances and community structure across landscapes.