bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Zika Virus Outbreak in Brazil: Knowledge Gaps and Challenges for Risk Reduction
Authors: Garcia Serpa Osorio-de-Castro Claudia , Silva Miranda Elaine , Machado de Freitas Carlos , Rochel de Camargo Kenneth , Cranmer Hilarie Hartel 
Published: April 2017

We analyzed uncertainties and complexities of the Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, and we discuss risk reduction for future emergencies. We present the public health situation in Brazil and concurrent determinants of the epidemic and the knowledge gaps that persist despite building evidence from research, making public health decisions difficult. Brazil has adopted active measures, but producing desired outcomes may be uncertain because of partial or unavailable information. Reducing population group vulnerabilities and acting on environmental issues are medium- to long-term measures. Simultaneously dealing with information gaps, uncontrolled disease spread, and vulnerabilities is a new risk scenario and must be approached decisively to face emerging biothreats.
US State Statutes Banning Powdered Alcohol: Exceptions and Penalties
Authors: Garcia Andrea M. 
Published: April 2017

To examine state statutes banning powdered alcohol, we identified relevant statutes in all 50 states and the District of Columbia through a search (initial search March 2016; follow-up search November 2016) using the legal research database LexisNexis. To identify the laws, we used the following search terms: “concentrated alcohol,” “crystalline alcohol,” “granulated alcohol,” “palcohol,” and “powdered alcohol.” As of November 2016, 31 states had statutory bans on powdered alcohol. Statutes in 22 states outline penalties for violating the state’s ban on powdered alcohol. Five states include suspension and revocation of alcohol beverage licenses and permits among the penalties. Thirteen states provide exceptions to their ban on powdered alcohol for bona fide scientific research. Twelve states have exceptions for powdered alcohol designed for commercial use or not intended for human consumption. With concerns expressed that powdered alcohol may lead to greater alcohol consumption, particularly among minors, the majority of state legislatures have demonstrated their willingness to restrict access to novel alcohol products to protect the public’s health. However, the effectiveness of these laws should be evaluated if the product does become available.
The Influence of College Attendance on Risk for Marijuana Initiation in the United States: 1977 to 2015
Authors: Miech Richard A. , Patrick Megan E. , O'Malley Patrick M. , Johnston Lloyd D. 
Published: April 2017

Objectives. To examine a potential increase in marijuana initiation among US college students as compared with their age peers not in college before and after 2013, a watershed year for increasing tolerance of marijuana use in the United States. Methods. Data come from the Monitoring the Future study, which has followed longitudinal panels drawn from annual nationally representative, baseline samples of 12th-grade students starting with the class of 1976. We studied panel members aged 19 to 22 years who had never used marijuana by 12th grade between 1977 and 2015. Results. College as a risk factor for marijuana initiation has increased significantly since 2013. The increased probability of past-year marijuana use for those enrolled versus not enrolled in college was 51% in 2015, 41% in 2014, and 31% in 2013; it averaged 17% to 22% from 1977 to 2012 among youths who had never used marijuana by 12th grade. Conclusions. College has grown as a risk factor for marijuana initiation since 2013. Public Health Implications. College students are in position to usher in new increases in population marijuana use unless colleges soon address the issue with new or modified programs for marijuana prevention and intervention.
Comparison of Five Wheat Models Simulating Phenology under Different Sowing Dates and Varieties
Authors: Wu Lu , Feng Liping , Zhang Yi , Gao Jiachen , Wang Jing 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
We compared the mechanism and capacity of five wheat phenology models by varied phases.
Models reproduced growing phases well by suitable sowing dates and local varieties.
Simulations were unsatisfactory under late sowing dates and colder conditions.
Crop phenology is closely related to yield formation and crop management. Phenology module is one of the essential components that affect the call of model parameters and performance of whole model. We analyzed different algorithms of five widely used wheat models (WOFOST, CERES‐Wheat, APSIM‐Wheat, SPASS, and WheatSM) and studied the simulation accuracy by field experimental data with three varietal types under varied sowing dates in four sites in the North China plain. Simulation results were in good agreement with the observations in terms of jointing, flowering, and maturity stage. The absolute root mean square error (RMSEa) value for emergence to jointing (E‐J) phase was 3.7 d for WheatSM and >5 d for CERES, APSIM, and SPASS. The RMSEa for the sowing to emergence (S‐E) phase was approximately 4 d, but the normalized root mean square error was >30% for APSIM and CERES. The RMSEa was larger (4.8 d) for SPASS from jointing to flowering (J‐F) compared with other models (2.8–3.7 d). It ranged from 3 to 4 d from flowering to maturity (F‐M) for all models. The five models yielded better predictions in warmer growing conditions than in colder conditions. The RMSEa increased with delayed sowing dates for five models, with average values of 2.7, 3.7, and 5.2 for suitable sowing, sowing delayed by 10 and 20 d, respectively. The five models could well reproduce different growing phases under the conditions of suitable sowing dates and with local varieties, but the performances of models was unsatisfactory, especially under late sowing dates.
KESIAPAN GURU MADRASAH DI KOTA SEMARANG DALAM MENGHADAPI PELAKSANAAN PPG
Authors: Farikh Amin 
Published: April 2017

<p><span>Abstract</span></p><p><span>Professional Teacher Education (PTE/ PPG) can be regarded as a program to improve <span>the competence of today’s most important teacher. This program is not solely the <span>learning process of the teachers, but also as a starting point increase teachers’ welfare <span>through the provision of teaching certi" cate and allowances. However, the level of <span>preparedness of teachers to plan the holding of Professional Teacher Education <span>(PTE/ PPG) is still low. The mechanism and all the provisions of the Professional <span>Teacher Education (PTE/ PPG) is not understanded, the teacher could not prepare <span>him to adapt. Therefore, the implementation of Professional Teacher Education<br /><span>should involve at least four (4) It is important to note ; First, Improved readiness and <span>support of teachers. Second, socialization widely. Third, the accuracy of the allocation <span>of time. Fourth, the full support of the government. If the four components are met <span>then automatically readiness of teachers on the implementation of Professional Teacher <span>Education (PTE/ PPG) will go well.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p><span><br /></span></p>
Pengembangan media pembelajaran kearsipan digital untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta
Authors: Wirawan Arif Wahyu , Indrawati C Dyah Sulistyaningrum , Rahmanto Andre Novie 
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kefektifan media pembelajaran kearsipan digital dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan (R & D). Model pengembangan media ini menggunakan model Hannafin dan Peck. Subyek pengujian dilakukan di dua kelas, yaitu kelas X AP 1 (kelas eksperimen) dan X AP 2 (kelas kontrol) di SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta. Uji prasyarat analisis meliputi uji normalitas, uji homogenitas dan menggunakan uji-t. Teknik analisis yang digunakan deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keefektifan dari media pembelajaran kearsipan digital bahwa thitung> ttabel = (3,26> 2,00), maka H0 ditolak, itu berarti bahwa kedua kelompok memiliki skor prestasi belajar yang berbeda. Hasil posttest antara kelas eksperimen (menggunakan media yang dikembangkan) dengan kelas kontrol (tidak menggunakan media yang dikembangkan) menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh kelas eksperimen adalah 80,59, nilai rata-rata lebih tinggi dari kelas kontrol 77, 97. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan media pembelajaran kearsipan digital dianggap efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta.Kata kunci: kearsipan, media pembelajaran, microsoft access THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEARNING MEDIA ARCHIVES TO IMPROVE STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES SMK NEGERI 3 SURAKARTAAbstractThis study aims to determine the effectiveness of instructional media digital archives in improving student learning outcomes SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta. This study is a research and development (R & D). Models using the model of media development Hannafin and Peck. Subjects testing was conducted in two classes, X AP 1 (experimental class) and X AP 2 (control group) at SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta. Prerequisite test analysis covering the normality test, homogeneity and using t-test. The analysis technique used descriptive qualitative and quantitative. The results showed that the effectiveness of digital archival media learning that tcount> ttable = (3.26> 2.00), then H0 is rejected, it means that the two groups had different learning achievement scores. Results posttest between the experimental class (using the media developed) with a control class (do not use the media developed) shows that the average value obtained experimental class is 80.59, the average value is higher than the control class 77, 97. Conclusion this research is the development of instructional media digital archives are considered effective in improving student learning outcomes SMK Negeri 3 Surakarta.Keywords: archives, learning media, microsoft access
Exploring health events around preventable hospitalisations through visualisation of linked health data.
Authors: Falster Michael , Jorm Louisa , Leyland Alastair 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Objective‘Preventable hospitalisations’ are used internationally as a health performance indicator of access to and quality of primary care services, yet there’s been recent debate about the true ‘preventability’ these admissions. Much research has compared rates of hospitalisation with the supply of general practitioners (GPs), but there’s surprisingly little understanding of how patients are actually using out of hospital services. This study explored patterns of health events and service use in the lead up to, and following, preventable hospitalisations.
ApproachVisual trajectories of health events were created for 266,950 participants in the 45 and Up Study, NSW Australia. Data linked by the NSW CHeReL on hospital admissions, emergency department (ED) presentations, deaths, as well as GP and specialist consultations from the Department of Human Services, were visually displayed over time. Different health events were juxtaposed using different markers and panels of data. Concurrent patterns of events were identified by sorting, filtering and stratifying participants on number of admissions, self-rated health, geographic remoteness, and compared with a propensity matched cohort of non-admitted participants matched on socio-demographic and health characteristics. Health events were explored over calendar year and in the 90 days surrounding first preventable hospitalisation.
Results8715 participants were admitted for a preventable hospitalisation in 2010, 22% having more than one admission. The visualisations revealed patterns of clustering of GP consultations in the lead up to and following preventable hospitalisation, with 14% of patients having a consultation on the day of admission, and 27% in the prior week. Many patients in regional areas, but not major cities, had GP consultations during admission, suggesting it may have been a part of coordinated care.
There was a clustering of deaths and other hospitalisations following discharge, particularly for patients with a long length of stay, suggesting patients may have been in a state of health deterioration. Specialist consultations were clustered during the period of hospitalisation. Rates of all health events were higher in patients admitted for a preventable hospitalisation than the matched non-admitted cohort.
ConclusionWe didn’t find evidence of limited use of primary care services in the lead-up to a preventable hospitalisation, rather people admitted for preventable hospitalisations tended to have high levels of engagement with multiple elements of the healthcare system. Visualising linked health data was found to be a powerful strategy for uncovering patterns of service use, and such visualisations have potential to be more widely adopted in health services research.
Viral aetiology of acute lower respiratory infections in a birth cohort of Western Australian children
Authors: Lim Faye Janice , Moore Hannah C. , Fathima Parveen , Blyth Christopher C. , De Klerk Nicholas 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesAcute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) such as bronchiolitis, pneumonia and influenza are a common cause of childhood morbidity. The relative importance of individual respiratory viruses associated with these infections may fluctuate in different populations. Knowledge of the aetiology of ALRI is important so that preventive strategies, such as vaccination, may be targeted appropriately. We sought to describe the virus-specific burden of ALRI in children born in Western Australia (WA).
ApproachWe identified a birth cohort of children born in WA from 1996 to 2012. ALRI-coded hospital admissions and routine laboratory data regarding the detection of respiratory viruses pertaining to these children were extracted and linked through the WA Data Linkage Unit. Hospitalisation and laboratory data were restricted to Jan 2000 to Jun 2013 as laboratory data were only available for this period.
Repeat hospital admissions for ALRI within 14 days of each other were collapsed into the same episode of infection. Virus detection was defined as detection via culture, immunofluorescence or molecular methods from a respiratory sample 48 hours pre- or post-hospitalisation. We estimated the proportion of ALRI episodes in children aged up to 17 years with a laboratory test recorded and identified the viruses detected. Using person-time-at-risk as the denominator, we calculated the virus-specific rates of ALRI in 2000-2012 in the birth cohort.
ResultsOf 469,589 children born 1996-2012, 7.0% were admitted to hospital at least once for ALRI between Jan 2000 and Jun 2013. Bronchiolitis and pneumonia were the most common diagnoses, collectively accounting for 73.3% (n=32,815) of all ALRI episodes.
45.4% of ALRI episodes (n=20,323) in children aged 0-17 years linked to a laboratory test record. Of those with a laboratory record, 60.0% tested positive for one or more viruses, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV; n=7671). Of those with at least 1 virus detected, 4.7% had 2 or more viruses detected, with RSV-adenovirus being the most common viral pair.
Among children aged under 5 years, rates of virus-related ALRI hospitalisation were highest in children aged 1-2 months (37.2 per 1000 child-years), corresponding to the peak in RSV-related hospitalisations (30.6 per 1000 child-years). By contrast, rates of adenovirus-related hospitalisations were highest in children aged 6-11 months (1.7 per 1000 child-years).
ConclusionThis study demonstrates the power of using linked data to assess the virus-specific burden of ALRI in a population of children. Future work will focus on viral-viral coinfection and its impact on clinical outcomes.
A six-year trend of the healthcare cost of arthritis in a population-based cohort of older women
Authors: Lo Tkt , Parkinson Lynne , Cunich Michelle , Byles Julie 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesTo examine the trend of the healthcare cost of arthritis in a population-based cohort of older women and to estimate the mean adjusted incremental healthcare costs, and selected percentiles.
ApproachThis is a healthcare cost study based on individual-level data. Data included health survey and linked administrative data, from 2003 to 2009, from the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women’s Health. The Medicare Australia datasets include the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (unit record data on claims for government-subsidized prescription medicines) and the Medicare Benefits Schedule (listing of health services subsidized by the Australian Government) datasets; they were the source for all healthcare utilization and cost data in this study. The main outcome measure was the incremental healthcare cost of arthritis (estimated from the Australian Government’s cost perspective) expressed as dollars per person per year. All costs were expressed in 2012 Australian dollars. Regression models were used to estimate the adjusted incremental costs of arthritis. The mean adjusted incremental healthcare cost of arthritis was computed using GLMs with a logarithmic-link function and a gamma distribution for costs. The adjusted incremental costs at the 25th, 50th, 75th, 90th and 95th percentiles were computed using Quantile Regression. These percentiles were chosen because cost data are skewed to the right and it was expected that there would be smaller differences between the lower percentiles but bigger differences between upper adjacent percentiles.
ResultsData from 4287 women were included in the analysis. Adjusted incremental healthcare cost of arthritis did not increase significantly from 2003 to 2009. However, there were indications that costs at the lower percentiles decreased slightly over the study period while costs at higher (above 50th) percentiles increased. The estimated median cost was $480 (95% CI: $498 - $759) per person per year in 2009. However, ten percent of women had more than 300% higher cost than the “average person” with arthritis.
ConclusionHealthcare cost of arthritis represents a substantial burden. However, considering only overall cost does not provide a detailed picture of expenditure. Our results suggest that higher cost patients had different experiences in arthritis cost over time, compared to patients with lower costs, although overall cost has not increased over time. As healthcare spending is concentrated in the high-cost patients, characterising these patients and formulating initiatives that target them could have a considerable impact on improving care and lowering health expenditure due to arthritis.
Using consented health record linkage in a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Tingay Karen , Akbari Ashley , Bandyopadhyay Amrita , Bedford Helen , Brophy Sinead , Cortina Borja Mario , Fitzsimons Emla , Griffiths Lucy , Healy Melanie , Johnson Jon , Setakis Efrosini , Walton Suzanne , Dezateux Carol , Lyons Ronan 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
ObjectivesThe aim of this project is to address important issues relevant to children’s health This will be done by enhancing information collected in the longitudinal, UK-wide Millennium Cohort Study (MCS) by linking participating children to their routine health records. These issues include: health service implications of early life onset of obesity and overweight; timeliness of immunisations; association of infections with asthma and allergic disorders in childhood; and burden of disease due to childhood injuries.
ApproachThe MCS comprises information on the social, economic and health-related circumstances of children surveyed at ages 9 months, 3, 5, 7, 11 and 14 years. At the age 7 interview, 12517 (89.1%) of the 14043 adults with parental responsibility consented for information from their child’s routine heath records to be released to the MCS (a).
Routine health records have been requested for Wales, England and Scotland to be linked to MCS responses within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage Databank at Swansea University. Data will be analysed using weights for non-response, non-consent and non-linkage and the linkage reported according to the RECORD guidelines (b).
ResultsTo date, all 1881 MCS children with valid consent who live or have lived in Wales have been linked by assigning an Anonymous Linking Field (ALF) to each individual which can be mapped across multiple datasets without risk of identification (c). Of these children, 1365 (72.3%) had experienced at least one hospital admission by the age of 14 years. Risk of admission by each of the survey ages for boys and girls separately will be calculated adjusting for non-response at different sweeps. These children have also been linked to their immunisation records (n = 1872), Emergency Department attendances (n = 1276), and available GP records (n = 1151) to enable analyses in fulfilment of the project objectives.
ConclusionsRoutine health records are a potentially valuable enhancement to longitudinal studies, allowing evaluation of questions of relevance to public health and health services, and the completeness and consistency of records from these different sources to be addressed.
Referencesa. Shepherd, P. (2013) Consent to linkage to child health data ISBN 978-1-906929-59-6b. Benchimol, E.I. et al (2015) DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001885 c. Ford, D.V. et al (2009) DOI: 10.1186/1472-6963-9-157
Programmatically encrypting data linkage fields at a project level within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank
Authors: Noyce Richard , Thayer Dan 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
Introduction/BackgroundThe ability to link datasets within the Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank provides researchers with a powerful tool to analyse multiple datasets. The ability to combine several datasets also has the adverse effect of potential identification of an individual. Further encrypting linkage fields at a project level limits the links to datasets specific to the project only. This presentation discusses the opensource web based administration tool that programmatically applies project encryption in a consistent and timely manner, logging administrator actions.
Objectives1). Identify encryption methodology2). Programme encryption steps and log steps 3). Design and implement web based user administration tool
ApproachUtilising existing Secure Anonymised Information Linkage (SAIL) databank security, providing researchers with a view of their data, separating data linkage fields into a separate secure lookup table. Using Python programming language to automate the Structured Query Language (SQL) scripts required to accomplish this, as well as Python packages to interact with the databank and web based administration tool.
ResultsProject encrypted views created for several projects and scores of datasets. Encrypted linkage fields unique to each project ensuring views across projects can not be linked either to each other or the original datasets.
ConclusionEncryption process is programmable and administered through web tool.