bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An orbital shear platform for real‐time, in vitro endothelium characterization
Authors: Velasco Vanessa , Gruenthal Mark , Zusstone Esther , Thomas Jonathan M. D. , Berson R. Eric , Keynton Robert S. , Williams Stuart J. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTElectrical impedance techniques have been used to characterize endothelium morphology, permeability, and motility in vitro. However, these impedance platforms have been limited to either static endothelium studies and/or induced laminar fluid flow at a constant, single shear stress value. In this work, we present a microfabricated impedance sensor for real‐time, in vitro characterization of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) undergoing oscillatory hydrodynamic shear. Oscillatory shear was applied with an orbital shaker and the electrical impedance was measured by a microfabricated impedance chip with discrete electrodes positioned at radial locations of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0, and 12.5 mm from the center of the chip. Depending on their radial position within the circular orbital platform, HUVECs were exposed to shear values ranging between 0.6 and 6.71 dyne/cm2 (according to numerical simulations) for 22 h. Impedance spectra were fit to an equivalent circuit model and the trans‐endothelial resistance and monolayer's capacitance were extracted. Results demonstrated that, compared to measurements acquired before the onset of shear, cells at the center of the platform that experienced low steady shear stress (∼2.2 dyne/cm2) had an average change in trans‐endothelial resistance of 6.99 ± 4.06% and 1.78 ± 2.40% change in cell capacitance after 22 hours of shear exposure; cells near the periphery of the well (r = 12.5 mm) experienced transient shears (2.5–6.7 dyne/cm2) and exhibited a greater change in trans‐endothelial resistance (24.2 ± 10.8%) and cell capacitance (4.57 ± 5.39%). This study, demonstrates that the orbital shear platform provides a simple system that can capture and quantify the real‐time cellular morphology as a result of induced shear stress. The orbital shear platform presented in this work, compared to traditional laminar platforms, subjects cells to more physiologically relevant oscillatory shear as well as exposes the sample to several shear values simultaneously. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1336–1344. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Progress and challenges in macroencapsulation approaches for type 1 diabetes (T1D) treatment: Cells, biomaterials, and devices
Authors: Song Shang , Roy Shuvo 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTMacroencapsulation technology has been an attractive topic in the field of treatment for Type 1 diabetes due to mechanical stability, versatility, and retrievability of the macro‐capsule design. Macro‐capsules can be categorized into extravascular and intravascular devices, in which solute transport relies either on diffusion or convection, respectively. Failure of macroencapsulation strategies can be due to limited regenerative capacity of the encased insulin‐producing cells, sub‐optimal performance of encapsulation biomaterials, insufficient immunoisolation, excessive blood thrombosis for vascular perfusion devices, and inadequate modes of mass transfer to support cell viability and function. However, significant technical advancements have been achieved in macroencapsulation technology, namely reducing diffusion distance for oxygen and nutrients, using pro‐angiogenic factors to increase vascularization for islet engraftment, and optimizing membrane permeability and selectivity to prevent immune attacks from host's body. This review presents an overview of existing macroencapsulation devices and discusses the advances based on tissue‐engineering approaches that will stimulate future research and development of macroencapsulation technology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1381–1402. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of different carbon materials as electron shuttles in the anaerobic biotransformation of nitroanilines
Authors: Pereira Luciana , Pereira Raquel , Pereira Manuel F. R. , Alves Madalena M. 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTAromatic amines resulted from azo dyes biotransformation under anaerobic conditions are generally recalcitrant to further anaerobic degradation. The catalytic effect of carbon materials (CM) on the reduction of azo dyes is known and has been confirmed in this work by increasing threefold the biological reduction rate of Mordant Yellow 1 (MY1). The resulting m‐nitroaniline (m‐NoA) was further degraded to m‐phenylenediamine (m‐Phe) only in the presence of CM. The use of CM to degraded anaerobically aromatic amines resulted from azo dye reduction was never reported before. In the sequence, we studied the effect of different CM on the bioreduction of o‐, m‐, and p‐NoA. Three microporous activated carbons with different surface chemistry, original (AC0), chemical oxidized with HNO3 (ACHNO3), and thermal treated (ACH2), and three mesoporous carbons, xerogels (CXA and CXB) and nanotubes (CNT) were assessed. In the absence of CM, NoA were only partially reduced to the corresponding Phe, whereas in the presence of CM, more than 90% was converted to the corresponding Phe. ACH2 and AC0 were the best electron shuttles, increasing the rates up to eightfold. In 24 h, the biological treatment of NoA and MY1 with AC0, decreased up to 88% the toxicity towards a methanogenic consortium, as compared to the non‐treated solutions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1194–1202. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative performance evaluation of conventional and two‐phase hydrophobic stirred tank reactors for methane abatement: Mass transfer and biological considerations
Authors: Cantera Sara , Estrada José M. , Lebrero Raquel , García‐Encina Pedro A. , Muñoz Raúl 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis study demonstrated for the first time the capability of methanotrophs to grow inside silicone oil (SO200) and identified the optimum cultivation conditions for enrichment of hydrophobic methanotrophs (high dilution rates (D) and low CH4 transfer rates). The potential of the hydrophobic methanotrophs enriched was assessed in a single‐phase stirred tank reactor (1P‐STR) and in a two‐phase stirred tank reactor (2P‐STR). Different operational conditions were systematically evaluated in both reactors (SO200 fractions of 30 and 60 %, stirring rates of 250 and 500 rpm, and D of 0.1–0.35 day−1 with and without biomass retention). The results showed that the TPPB only supported a superior CH4 abatement performance compared to the 1P‐STR (40% enhancement at 250 rpm and 25% enhancement at 500 rpm) at a D of 0.3 day−1 due to the retention of the biocatalytic activity inside the SO200, while the 1P‐STR achieved higher elimination capacities (EC up to ≈3 times) than the TPPB under the rest of conditions tested (ECmax = 91.1 g m−3 h−1). Furthermore, the microscopic examination and DGGE‐sequencing of the communities showed that the presence of SO200 influenced the microbial population structure, impacting on bacterial biodiversity and favoring the growth of methanotrophs such as Methylosarcina. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1203–1212. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor Entinostat enhances polymer‐mediated transgene expression in cancer cell lines
Authors: Elmer Jacob J. , Christensen Matthew D. , Barua Sutapa , Lehrman Jennifer , Haynes Karmella A. , Rege Kaushal 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTEukaryotic cells maintain an immense amount of genetic information by tightly wrapping their DNA around positively charged histones. While this strategy allows human cells to maintain more than 25,000 genes, histone binding can also block gene expression. Consequently, cells express histone acetyl transferases (HATs) to acetylate histone lysines and release DNA for transcription. Conversely, histone deacetylases (HDACs) are employed for restoring the positive charge on the histones, thereby silencing gene expression by increasing histone‐DNA binding. It has previously been shown that histones bind and silence viral DNA, while hyperacetylation of histones via HDAC inhibition restores viral gene expression. In this study, we demonstrate that treatment with Entinostat, an HDAC inhibitor, enhances transgene (luciferase) expression by up to 25‐fold in human prostate and murine bladder cancer cell lines when used with cationic polymers for plasmid DNA delivery. Entinostat treatment altered cell cycle progression, resulting in a significant increase in the fraction of cells present in the G0/G1 phase at low micromolar concentrations. While this moderate G0/G1 arrest disappeared at higher concentrations, a modest increase in the fraction of apoptotic cells and a decrease in cell proliferation were observed, consistent with the known anticancer effects of the drug. DNase accessibility studies revealed no significant change in plasmid transcriptional availability with Entinostat treatment. However, quantitative PCR studies indicated that Entinostat treatment, at the optimal dose for enhancing transgene expression, led to an increase in the amount of plasmid present in the nucleus in two cancer cell lines. Taken together, our results show that Entinostat enhances polymer‐ mediated transgene expression and can be useful in applications related to transient protein expression in mammalian cells. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1345–1356. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioengineered glaucomatous 3D human trabecular meshwork as an in vitro disease model
Authors: Torrejon Karen Y. , Papke Ellen L. , Halman Justin R. , Stolwijk Judith , Dautriche Cula N. , Bergkvist Magnus , Danias John , Sharfstein Susan T. , Xie Yubing 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTIntraocular pressure (IOP) is mostly regulated by aqueous humor outflow through the human trabecular meshwork (HTM) and represents the only modifiable risk factor of glaucoma. The lack of IOP‐modulating therapeutics that targets HTM underscores the need of engineering HTM for understanding the outflow physiology and glaucoma pathology in vitro. Using a 3D HTM model that allows for regulation of outflow in response to a pharmacologic steroid, a fibrotic state has been induced resembling that of glaucomatous HTM. This disease model exhibits HTM marker expression, ECM overproduction, impaired HTM cell phagocytic activity and outflow resistance, which represent characteristics found in steroid‐induced glaucoma. In particular, steroid‐induced ECM alterations in the glaucomatous model can be modified by a ROCK inhibitor. Altogether, this work presents a novel in vitro disease model that allows for physiological and pathological studies pertaining to regulating outflow, leading to improved understanding of steroid‐induced glaucoma and accelerated discovery of new therapeutic targets. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1357–1368. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Management of drug eluting stent in‐stent restenosis: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Goel Sachin S. , Dilip Gajulapalli Rama , Athappan Ganesh , Philip Femi , Gupta Supriya , Murat Tuzcu E. , Ellis Stephen G. , Mishkel Gregory , Kapadia Samir R. 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundThe optimal management for coronary drug eluting stent in‐stent restenosis (DES ISR) is unclear. We performed a meta‐analysis of observational and randomized studies to compare the outcomes of management of DES ISR using DES, drug eluting balloon (DEB), or balloon angioplasty (BA).MethodsEligible studies (25 single arm and 13 comparative, including 4 randomized studies with a total of 7,474 patients with DES ISR) were identified using MEDLINE search and proceedings of international meetings. Outcomes studied include major adverse cardiac events (MACE), target lesion revascularization (TLR), target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction (MI), stent thrombosis (ST), and mortality. Follow‐up ranged from 0.5 to 3.5 years (mean 1.4 years).ResultsThe rate of TLR was significantly lower in the DES (odds ratio [OR] 0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.36–0.69) and DEB (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.18–0.55) groups compared to BA. Similarly, TVR rate was significantly lower in the DES (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.39–0.77) and DEB (OR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18–0.58) groups compared to BA. All other outcomes were similar between the DES/BA and DEB/BA comparisons. TLR was significantly lower in the DES group compared to BA for vessels < or > 2.75 mm.ConclusionTreatment of coronary DES ISR with DES or DEB is associated with a reduction in the risk of TLR and TVR compared to BA alone. The relative risk reduction for TLR with DES is similar to DEB. DEBs have a potential role in the treatment of DES ISR by avoiding placement of another layer of stent. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biological effect on drug distribution and vascular healing via paclitaxel‐coated balloon technology in drug eluting stent restenosis swine model
Authors: Li Yan , Tellez Armando , Rousselle Serge D. , Dillon Krista N. , Garza Javier A. , Barry Chris , Granada Juan F. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectivesTo evaluate the biological effect of a paclitaxel‐coated balloon (PCB) technology on vascular drug distribution and healing in drug eluting stent restenosis (DES‐ISR) swine model.BackgroundThe mechanism of action and healing response via PCB technology in DES‐ISR is not completely understood.MethodsA total of 27 bare metal stents were implanted in coronary arteries and 30 days later the in‐stent restenosis was treated with PCB. Treated segments were harvested at 1 hr, 14 days and 30 days post treatment for the pharmacokinetic analysis. In addition, 24 DES were implanted in coronary arteries for 30 days, then all DES‐ISRs were treated with either PCB (n = 12) or uncoated balloon (n = 12). At day 60, vessels were harvested for histology following angiography and optical coherence tomography (OCT).ResultsThe paclitaxel level in neointimal tissue was about 18 times higher (P = 0.0004) at 1 hr Cmax, and retained about five times higher (P = 0.008) at day 60 than that in vessel wall. A homogenous distribution of paclitaxel in ISR was demonstrated by using fluorescently labeled paclitaxel. Notably, in DES‐ISR, both termination OCT and quantitative coronary angioplasty showed a significant neointimal reduction and less late lumen loss (P = 0.05 and P = 0.03, respectively) post PCB versus post uncoated balloon. The PES‐ISR + PCB group displayed higher levels of peri‐strut inflammation and fibrin scores compared to the ‐limus DES‐ISR + PCB group.ConclusionsIn ISR, paclitaxel is primarily deposited in neointimal tissue and effectively retained over time following PCB use. Despite the presence of metallic struts, a uniform distribution was characterized. PCB demonstrated an equivalent biological effect in DES‐ISR without significantly increasing inflammation. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Upstream clopidogrel, prasugrel, or ticagrelor for patients treated with primary angioplasty: Results of an angiographic randomized pilot study
Authors: Mont'Alverne‐Filho José R. , Rodrigues‐Sobrinho Carlos R.M. , Medeiros Fernando , Falcão Francisco C. , Falcão Joao L. , Silva Rafael C. , Croce Kevin J. , Nicolau Jose C. , Valgimigli Marco , Serruys Patrick W. , Lemos Pedro A. 
Published: November 2015

ObjetivesThe main objective of the present randomized pilot study was to explore the effects of upstream prasugrel or ticagrelor or clopidogrel for patients with ST‐segment‐elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundAdministration of clopidogrel “as soon as possible” has been advocated for STEMI. Pretreatment with prasugrel and ticagrelor may improve reperfusion. Currently, the angiographic effects of upstream administration of these agents are poorly understood.MethodsA total of 132 patients with STEMI within the first 12 hr of chest pain referred to primary angioplasty were randomized to upstream clopidogrel (600 mg), prasugrel (60 mg), or ticagrelor (180 mg) while still in the emergency room. All patients underwent protocol‐mandated thrombus aspiration.ResultsMacroscopic thrombus material was retrieved in 79.5% of the clopidogrel group, 65.9% of the prasugrel group, and 54.3% of the ticagrelor group (P = 0.041). At baseline angiography, large thrombus burden was 97.7% vs. 87.8% vs. 80.4% in the clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor groups, respectively (P = 0.036). Also, at baseline, 97.7% presented with an occluded target vessel in the clopidogrel group, 87.8% in the prasugrel group and 78.3% in the ticagrelor group (P = 0.019). At the end of the procedure, the percentages of patients with combined TIMI grade III flow and myocardial blush grade III were 52.3% for clopidogrel, 80.5% for prasugrel, and 67.4% for ticagrelor (P = 0.022).ConclusionsIn patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI within 12 hr, upstream clopidogrel, prasugrel or ticagrelor have varying angiographic findings, with a trend toward better results for the latter two agents. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eplerenone use in primary aldosteronism during pregnancy
Authors: Gunganah Kirun , Carpenter Robert , Drake William Martyn 
Published: November 2015

Key Clinical MessagePrimary aldosteronism (PA) in pregnancy is rare. Due to pharmacological limitations and risks associated with surgical intervention during pregnancy, clinical decision making in this area is difficult. We report the short‐term use of eplerenone in the management of hypertension and hypokalemia due to PA in pregnancy.
No personality without experience? A test onRana dalmatinatadpoles
Authors: Urszán Tamás J. , Garamszegi László Z. , Nagy Gergely , Hettyey Attila , Török János , Herczeg Gábor 
Published: November 2015

AbstractWhile the number of studies reporting the presence of individual behavioral consistency (animal personality, behavioral syndrome) has boomed in the recent years, there is still much controversy about the proximate and ultimate mechanisms resulting in the phenomenon. For instance, direct environmental effects during ontogeny (phenotypic plasticity) as the proximate mechanism behind the emergence of consistent individual differences in behavior are usually overlooked compared to environmental effects operating across generations (genetic adaptation). Here, we tested the effects of sociality and perceived predation risk during ontogeny on the strength of behavioral consistency in agile frog (Rana dalmatina) tadpoles in a factorial common garden experiment. Tadpoles reared alone and without predatory cues showed zero repeatability within (i.e., lack of personality) and zero correlation between (i.e., lack of syndrome) activity and risk‐taking. On the other hand, cues from predators alone induced both activity and risk‐taking personalities, while cues from predators and conspecifics together resulted in an activity – risk‐taking behavioral syndrome. Our results show that individual experience has an unequivocal role in the emergence of behavioral consistency. In this particular case, the development of behavioral consistency was most likely the result of genotype × environment interactions, or with other words, individual variation in behavioral plasticity.
Optoelectric patterning: Effect of electrode material and thickness on laser‐induced AC electrothermal flow
Authors: Mishra Avanish , Khor Jian‐Wei , Clayton Katherine N. , Williams Stuart J. , Pan Xudong , Kinzer‐Ursem Tamara , Wereley Steve 
Published: November 2015

Rapid electrokinetic patterning (REP) is an emerging optoelectric technique that takes advantage of laser‐induced AC electrothermal flow and particle‐electrode interactions to trap and translate particles. The electrothermal flow in REP is driven by the temperature rise induced by the laser absorption in the thin electrode layer. In previous REP applications 350–700 nm indium tin oxide (ITO) layers have been used as electrodes. In this study, we show that ITO is an inefficient electrode choice as more than 92% of the irradiated laser on the ITO electrodes is transmitted without absorption. Using theoretical, computational, and experimental approaches, we demonstrate that for a given laser power the temperature rise is controlled by both the electrode material and its thickness. A 25‐nm thick Ti electrode creates an electrothermal flow of the same speed as a 700‐nm thick ITO electrode while requiring only 14% of the laser power used by ITO. These results represent an important step in the design of low‐cost portable REP systems by lowering the material cost and power consumption of the system.
Paleohydraulic reconstruction of a 40 ka‐old terrace sequence implies that water discharge was larger than today
Authors: Litty Camille , Duller Robert , Schlunegger Fritz 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe evolution of landscapes crucially depends on the climate history. This is particularly evident in South America where landscape responses to orbital climate shifts have been well documented. However, while most studies have focused on inferring temperature variations from paleoclimate proxy data, estimates of water budget changes have been complicated because of a lack of adequate physical information. Here, we present a methodology and related results, which allowed us to extract water discharge values from the sedimentary record of the 40 Ka‐old fluvial terrace deposits in the Pisco valley, western Peru. In particular, this valley hosts a Quaternary cut‐and‐fill succession that we used, in combination with beryllium‐10 (10Be)‐based sediment flux, gauging records, channel geometries and grain size measurements, to quantitatively assess sediment and water discharge values c. 40 Ka ago in relation to present‐day conditions. We compare these discharge estimates to the discharge regime of the modern Pisco River and find that the water discharge of the paleo‐Pisco River, during the Minchin pluvial period c. 40 Ka ago, was c. 7–8 times greater than the modern Pisco River if considering the mean and the maximum water discharge. In addition, the calculations show that inferred water discharge estimates are mainly dependent on channel gradients and grain size values, and to a lesser extent on channel width measures. Finally, we found that the c. 40 Ka‐old Minchin terrace material was poorer sorted than the modern deposits, which might reflect that sediment transport during the past period was characterized by a larger divergence from equal mobility compared to the modern situation. In summary, the differences in grain size distribution and inferred water discharge estimates between the modern and the paleo‐Pisco River suggests that the 40 Ka‐old Minchin period was characterized by a wetter climate and more powerful flood events. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.