bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Le Canada français à l’épreuve du pluralisme culturel et religieux : les Juifs dans le discours de L’Action nationale (1933-1948)
Authors: Croteau Jean-Philippe 
Published: September 2024

L’antisémitisme que l’on retrouve dans le discours des revues et des quotidiens nationalistes canadiens-français a longtemps constitué le sujet de recherche privilégié en études juives au Québec. Or la revue nationaliste L’Action nationale n’a pratiquement jamais été analysée sous cet angle par les historiens. Dans le cadre de cette étude, nous avons consulté plus de 1200 articles de L’Action nationale parus entre 1933 et 1948 pour repérer les différentes représentations sociales des Juifs présentes dans le discours et la doctrine de cette revue nationaliste. Il ressort de cette recherche que L’Action nationale puise dans le registre idéologique des préjugés antijuifs pour défendre sa vision nationaliste et traditionaliste de la société canadienne-française et dénoncer les transformations politiques, économiques, sociales et culturelles à l’oeuvre, tout particulièrement, dans le Montréal catholique et francophone de l’époque. Toutefois, ces références aux Juifs restent marginales et sont trop peu nombreuses pour influencer de manière déterminante son discours ou sa doctrine.
Chronique d’un fiasco
Authors: Salomon Christine 
Published: September 2024

Cette contribution, qui s’appuie sur le croisement de sources administratives, missionnaires et médicales, revient sur l’histoire de la lèpre en Nouvelle-Calédonie pour éclairer un trait de la gestion de la maladie jusqu’ici peu documenté : les mesures différenciées en matière d’isolement des lépreux et de sanctions prises contre les récalcitrants selon leur classification par l’administration entre colons européens « libres », « libérés » du bagne, « éléments pénaux » (transportés ou relégués au bagne), et « indigènes et immigrants asiatiques et océaniens ». Elle rend compte de l’aspect coercitif des politiques menées envers les catégories les plus dominées, les colonisés et les bagnards, mais aussi de la résistance opiniâtre des Kanak à l’exclusion, à la dissolution des liens sociaux, et de leur capacité à mettre en échec les mesures d’isolement. L’aperçu donné sur la succession de ratés, d’errements, et finalement sur le fiasco de la gestion administrative et médicale de la lèpre jusqu’à ce que la diffusion des traitements antibiotiques, dans les années 1950, fasse régresser l’épidémie, ouvre un chapitre supplémentaire à ce que Guillaume Lachenal a appelé « l’anthropologie de la bêtise coloniale » (2014).
Some new aspects of the transient ionization layer of comet Siding Spring origin in the Martian upper atmosphere
Authors: Venkateswara Rao N. , ManasaMohana P. , Jayaraman A. , Rao S. V. B. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe close encounter of comet Siding Spring with Mars resulted in the formation of a dense transient ionization layer in the Martian upper atmosphere at altitudes between 80 and 120 km. Instruments on three spacecraft orbiting Mars detected the presence of this layer, as reported in previous publications. In this study, we reanalyzed the ionograms of the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) instrument on Mars Express to get further insight about the recurrence of the layer. For this purpose, data from three periapsis passes of MARSIS that took place 5 h, 12 h, and 19 h after peak dust deposition are used. We found that the transient ionization layer was sustained at least for 19 h on the nightside and 12 h on the dayside. While the peak density of the layer on the nightside gradually decreases from orbit to orbit, it does not change much on the dayside. Some ionograms in all three orbits show two transient ionization layers that are separated by ~60 km in apparent altitude. These double layers occur preferentially in regions of strong vertical magnetic fields. The bottom layer of the double structure is probably an oblique echo due to reflections from ionization bulges (formed in regions of vertical magnetic fields) at altitudes of the transient ionization layer. Horizontal bifurcation of the original layer is considered as another plausible mechanism for explaining the double‐layer structure.
Troposphere‐stratosphere dynamical coupling in the southern high latitudes and its linkage to the Amundsen Sea
Authors: England Mark R. , Shaw Tiffany A. , Polvani Lorenzo M. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExtremes in the distribution of Southern Hemisphere stratospheric heat flux are connected simultaneously to anomalous high‐latitude tropospheric weather patterns in reanalysis, consistent with results from the Northern Hemisphere. The dynamical links are revealed using a metric based on extreme stratospheric planetary‐scale wave heat flux events, defined as the 10th and 90th percentiles of the daily high‐latitude wave 1 heat flux distribution at 50 hPa. We show extreme negative (positive) heat flux events are linked to a westward (eastward) shift in the Amundsen Sea Low and anomalous warming (cooling) over the Amundsen Bellingshausen Seas in reanalysis data. Since coupling to the stratosphere via planetary waves has significant impacts on the tropospheric circulation of both hemispheres, it is important to understand which coupled climate models can reproduce this phenomenon. The heat flux metric is used to evaluate troposphere‐stratosphere coupling in models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and compare their performance across hemispheres. The results show that models with a degraded representation of stratospheric extremes exhibit robust biases in tropospheric sea level pressure variability over the Antarctic Peninsula. Models which fail to capture the extremes in stratospheric heat flux, significantly underestimate the variance of the distribution of mean sea level pressure anomalies over Western Antarctica.
A seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of earthquake‐triggered landsliding
Authors: Marc Odin , Hovius Niels , Meunier Patrick , Gorum Tolga , Uchida Taro 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe present a new, seismologically consistent expression for the total area and volume of populations of earthquake‐triggered landslides. This model builds on a set of scaling relationships between key parameters, such as landslide spatial density, seismic ground acceleration, fault length, earthquake source depth, and seismic moment. To assess the model we have assembled and normalized a catalog of landslide inventories for 40 shallow, continental earthquakes. Low landscape steepness causes systematic overprediction of the total area and volume of landslides. When this effect is accounted for, the model predicts the total landslide volume of 63% of 40 cases to within a factor 2 of the volume estimated from observations (R2=0.76). The prediction of total landslide area is also sensitive to the landscape steepness, but less so than the total volume, and it appears to be sensitive to controls on the landslide size‐frequency distribution, and possibly the shaking duration. Some outliers are likely associated with exceptionally strong rock mass in the epicentral area, while others may be related to seismic source complexities ignored by the model. However, the close match between prediction and estimate for about two thirds of cases in our database suggests that rock mass strength is similar in many cases and that our simple seismic model is often adequate, despite the variety of lithologies and tectonic settings covered. This makes our expression suitable for integration into landscape evolution models and application to the anticipation or rapid assessment of secondary hazards associated with earthquakes.
The effect of temperature and moisture on trace gas emissions from deciduous and coniferous leaf litter
Authors: Gritsch Christine , Egger Florian , Zehetner Franz , Zechmeister‐Boltenstern Sophie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe forest litter layer lies at the boundary between soil and atmosphere and is a major factor in biogeochemical cycles. While there are several studies on how the litter layer controls soil trace gas emissions, litter emissions itself are less well understood, and it is still unclear how important gases respond to changing temperature and moisture. In order to assess leaf litter gas exchange, we conducted laboratory incubation experiments in which the full set of climate relevant gases, i.e., carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), and nitric oxide (NO) coming from deciduous and coniferous leaf litter were measured at five temperatures and seven moisture contents. In addition, we compared litter and soil from different origin in terms of temperature/moisture responses of gas fluxes and investigated possible interactions between the two climate factors. Deciduous litter emitted more CO2 (up to 335 mg CO2‐C kg−1 h−1) than coniferous litter, whereas coniferous litter released maximum amounts of NO (207 µg NO‐N kg−1 h−1). N2O was only emitted from litter under very moist and warm conditions (>70% wet weight, >10°C). CH4 emissions were close to zero. Temperature sensitivities of litter emissions were generally lower than for soil emissions. Nevertheless, wet and warm conditions always enhanced litter emissions, suggesting a strong feedback effect of the litter layer to predicted future climate change.
Statistical analysis of turbulent super‐streamwise vortices based on observations of streaky structures near the free surface in the smooth open channel flow
Authors: Zhong Qiang , Chen Qigang , Wang Hao , Li Danxun , Wang Xingkui 
Published: April 2016

AbstractLong streamwise‐elongated high‐ and low‐speed streaks are repeatedly observed near the free surface in open channel flows in natural rivers and lab experiments. Super‐streamwise vortex model has been proposed to explain this widespread phenomenon for quite some time. However, statistical evidence of the existence of the super‐streamwise vortices as one type of coherent structures is still insufficient. Correlation and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) analysis based on PIV experimental data in the streamwise‐spanwise plane near the free surface in a smooth open channel flow are employed to investigate this topic. Correlation analysis revealed that the streaky structures appear frequently near the free surface and their occurrence probability at any spanwise position is equal. The spanwise velocity fluctuation usually flows from low‐speed streaks toward high‐speed streaks. The average spanwise width and spacing between neighboring low (or high) speed streaks are approximately h and 2h respectively. POD analysis reveals that there are streaks with different spanwise width in the instantaneous flow fields. Typical streamwise rotational movement can be sketched out directly based on the results from statistical analyses. Point‐by‐point analysis indicates that this pattern is consistent everywhere in the measurement window and is without any inhomogeneity in the spanwise direction, which reveals the essential difference between coherent structures and secondary flow cells. The pattern found by statistical analysis is consistent with the notion that the super‐streamwise vortices exist universally as one type of coherent structure in open channel flows.
The overlooked tropical oceanic CO2 sink
Authors: Ibánhez J. Severino P. , Araujo Moacyr , Lefèvre Nathalie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe intense rainfall in the tropical Atlantic spatially overlaps with the spread of the Amazon plume. Based on remote‐sensed sea surface salinity and rainfall, we removed the contribution of rainfall to the apparent Amazon plume area, thus refining the quantification of its extension (0.84 ± 0.06 × 106 km2 to 0.89 ± 0.06 × 106 km2). Despite the previous overestimation of the Amazon plume area due to the influence of rainfall (>16%), our calculated annual CO2 flux based on rainfall‐corrected sea surface CO2 fugacity confirms that the Amazon River plume is an atmospheric CO2 sink of global importance (−7.61 ± 1.01 to −7.85 ± 1.02 Tg C yr−1). Yet we show that current sea‐air CO2 flux assessments for the tropical Atlantic could be overestimated in about 10% by neglecting the CO2 sink associated to the Amazon plume. Thus, including the Amazon plume, the sea‐air CO2 exchange for the tropical Atlantic is estimated to be 81.1 ± 1.1 to 81.5 ± 1.1 Tg C yr−1.
The necessity of cloud feedback for a basin‐scale Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation
Authors: Brown Patrick T. , Lozier M. Susan , Zhang Rong , Li Wenhong 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), characterized by basin‐scale multidecadal variability in North Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs), has traditionally been interpreted as the surface signature of variability in oceanic heat convergence (OHC) associated with the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). This view has been challenged by recent studies that show that AMOC variability is not simultaneously meridionally coherent over the North Atlantic and that AMOC‐induced low‐frequency variability of OHC is weak in the tropical North Atlantic. Here we present modeling evidence that the AMO‐related SST variability over the extratropical North Atlantic results directly from anomalous OHC associated with the AMOC but that the emergence of the coherent multidecadal SST variability over the tropical North Atlantic requires cloud feedback. Our study identifies atmospheric processes as a necessary component for the existence of a basin‐scale AMO, thus amending the canonical view that the AMOC‐AMO connection is solely attributable to oceanic processes.
Subseasonal changes observed in subglacial channel pressure, size, and sediment transport
Authors: Gimbert Florent , Tsai Victor C. , Amundson Jason M. , Bartholomaus Timothy C. , Walter Jacob I. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWater that pressurizes the base of glaciers and ice sheets enhances glacier velocities and modulates glacial erosion. Predicting ice flow and erosion therefore requires knowledge of subglacial channel evolution, which remains observationally limited. Here we demonstrate that detailed analysis of seismic ground motion caused by subglacial water flow at Mendenhall Glacier (Alaska) allows for continuous measurement of daily to subseasonal changes in basal water pressure gradient, channel size, and sediment transport. We observe intermittent subglacial water pressure gradient changes during the melt season, at odds with common assumptions of slowly varying, low‐pressure channels. These observations indicate that changes in channel size do not keep pace with changes in discharge. This behavior strongly affects glacier dynamics and subglacial channel erosion at Mendenhall Glacier, where episodic periods of high water pressure gradients enhance glacier surface velocity and channel sediment transport by up to 30% and 50%, respectively. We expect the application of this framework to future seismic observations acquired at glaciers worldwide to improve our understanding of subglacial processes.
Kinematically consistent models of viscoelastic stress evolution
Authors: DeVries Phoebe M. R. , Meade Brendan J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractFollowing large earthquakes, coseismic stresses at the base of the seismogenic zone may induce rapid viscoelastic deformation in the lower crust and upper mantle. As stresses diffuse away from the primary slip surface in these lower layers, the magnitudes of stress at distant locations (>1 fault length away) may slowly increase. This stress relaxation process has been used to explain delayed earthquake triggering sequences like the 1992 Mw = 7.3 Landers and 1999 Mw = 7.1 Hector Mine earthquakes in California. However, a conceptual difficulty associated with these models is that the magnitudes of stresses asymptote to constant values over long time scales. This effect introduces persistent perturbations to the total stress field over many earthquake cycles. Here we present a kinematically consistent viscoelastic stress transfer model where the total perturbation to the stress field at the end of the earthquake cycle is zero everywhere. With kinematically consistent models, hypotheses about the potential likelihood of viscoelastically triggered earthquakes may be based on the timing of stress maxima, rather than on any arbitrary or empirically constrained stress thresholds. Based on these models, we infer that earthquakes triggered by viscoelastic earthquake cycle effects may be most likely to occur during the first 50% of the earthquake cycle regardless of the assumed long‐term and transient viscosities.
Reduced spatial extent of extreme storms at higher temperatures
Authors: Wasko Conrad , Sharma Ashish , Westra Seth 
Published: April 2016

AbstractExtreme precipitation intensity is expected to increase in proportion to the water‐holding capacity of the atmosphere. However, increases beyond this expectation have been observed, implying that changes in storm dynamics may be occurring alongside changes in moisture availability. Such changes imply shifts in the spatial organization of storms, and we test this by analyzing present‐day sensitivities between storm spatial organization and near‐surface atmospheric temperature. We show that both the total precipitation depth and the peak precipitation intensity increases with temperature, while the storm's spatial extent decreases. This suggests that storm cells intensify at warmer temperatures, with a greater total amount of moisture in the storm, as well as a redistribution of moisture toward the storm center. The results have significant implications for the severity of flooding, as precipitation may become both more intense and spatially concentrated in a warming climate.
Toward an integrated view of ionospheric plasma instabilities: Altitudinal transitions and strong gradient case
Authors: Makarevich Roman A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractA general dispersion relation is derived that integrates the Farley‐Buneman, gradient‐drift, and current‐convective plasma instabilities (FBI, GDI, and CCI) within the same formalism for an arbitrary altitude, wave propagation vector, and background density gradient. The limiting cases of the FBI/GDI in the E region for nearly field‐aligned irregularities, GDI/CCI in the main F region at long wavelengths, and GDI at high altitudes are successfully recovered using analytic analysis. Numerical solutions are found for more general representative cases spanning the entire ionosphere. It is demonstrated that the results are consistent with those obtained using a general FBI/GDI/CCI theory developed previously at and near E region altitudes under most conditions. The most significant differences are obtained for strong gradients (scale lengths of 100 m) at high altitudes such as those that may occur during highly structured soft particle precipitation events. It is shown that the strong gradient case is dominated by inertial effects and, for some scales, surprisingly strong additional damping due to higher‐order gradient terms. The growth rate behavior is examined with a particular focus on the range of wave propagations with positive growth (instability cone) and its transitions between altitudinal regions. It is shown that these transitions are largely controlled by the plasma density gradients even when FBI is operational.
Response time of mean square slope to wind forcing: An empirical investigation
Authors: Chen David D. , Ruf Christopher S. , Gleason Scott T. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe present an empirical study of the response time of surface wave mean square slope to local wind forcing using data collected over 11 years by 46 discus buoys moored at a wide variety of locations. The response time is defined as the time lag at which the time dependence of the waves exhibits the highest correlation with that of the local wind speed. The response time at each location is found to be fairly stable, with the time varying between 0.4 and 1.8 h depending on the location. Examination of long‐term statistics reveals response time dependencies on wind speed magnitude, fetch, atmospheric stability, and wavelength. With the increasing reliance on satellite microwave remote sensing as a source of wind data, these results provide useful insights and bounds for their use.
Gregarious convection and radiative feedbacks in idealized worlds
Authors: Mapes B. E. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhat role does convection play in cloud feedbacks? What role does convective aggregation play in climate? A flurry of recent studies explores “self‐aggregation” of moist convection in diverse simulations using explicit convection and interactive radiation. The implications involve upper level dry areas acting as infrared windows—the climate system's “radiator fins.” A positive feedback maintains these: dry columns undergo radiative cooling which drives descent and further drying. If the resulting clumpiness of vapor and cloud fields depends systematically on global temperature, then convective organization could be a climate system feedback. How reconcilable and how relevant are these interesting but idealized studies?
Mobility during the neolithic and bronze age in northern ireland explored using strontium isotope analysis of cremated human bone
Authors: Snoeck Christophe , Pouncett John , Ramsey Greer , Meighan Ian G. , Mattielli Nadine , Goderis Steven , Lee‐Thorp Julia A. , Schulting Rick J. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACTObjectivesAs many individuals were cremated in Neolithic and Bronze Age Ireland, they have not featured in investigations of individual mobility using strontium isotope analysis. Here, we build on recent experiments demonstrating excellent preservation of biogenic 87Sr/86Sr in calcined bone to explore mobility in prehistoric Northern Ireland.Materials and MethodsA novel method of strontium isotope analysis is applied to calcined bone alongside measurements on tooth enamel to human remains from five Neolithic and Bronze Age sites in Northern Ireland. We systematically sampled modern vegetation around each site to characterize biologically available strontium, and from this calculated expected values for humans consuming foods taken from within 1, 5, 10 and 20 Km catchments. This provides a more nuanced way of assessing human use of the landscape and mobility than the ‘local’ vs. ‘non‐local’ dichotomy that is often employed.ResultsThe results of this study 1) provide further support for the reliability of strontium isotope analysis on calcined bone, and 2) demonstrate that it is possible to identify isotopic differences between individuals buried at the same site, with some consuming food grown locally (within 1‐5 Km) while others clearly consumed food from up to 50 Km away from their burial place.DiscussionHints of patterning emerge in spite of small sample numbers. At Ballynahatty, for instance, those represented by unburnt remains appear to have consumed food growing locally, while those represented by cremated remains did not. Furthermore, it appears that some individuals from Ballynahatty, Annaghmare and Clontygora either moved in the last few years of their life or their cremated remains were brought to the site. These results offer new insights into the choice behind coterminous cremation and inhumation rites in the Neolithic. Am J Phys Anthropol 160:397–413, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.