bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p16 Staining of Cervical Biopsies May Decrease the Frequency of Unnecessary Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedures
Authors: de Sam Lazaro Shireen , Newbill Colin P. , Berlin Michelle , Morgan Terry K. 
Published: February 2016

Objective
Loop electrosurgical excision procedures (LEEPs) are negative for high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) after a hematoxylin and eosin–based CIN 2+ colposcopic biopsy diagnosis in 14% to 24% of cases. This may be due to diagnostic errors or biopsy-related regression of the dysplasia. Because p16 immunohistochemical staining of cervical biopsies improves diagnostic accuracy, we hypothesized that p16-based cervical biopsy diagnoses may reduce the frequency of negative LEEPs.

Materials and Methods
We performed a retrospective cross-sectional study of all cervical LEEPs completed at our institution from 2002 to 2012. We recorded patient age, sexual history, smoking history, pathologic diagnoses (including whether the diagnosis was p16 based), the number of days from biopsy to follow-up LEEP, and clinical follow-up. This yielded 593 study subjects meeting inclusion criteria of CIN 2+ colposcopic diagnoses with follow-up LEEP and 2 years of clinical follow-up. Colposcopic biopsies and follow-up LEEPs were reviewed and p16 immunostaining was performed on all samples to provide criterion standard results. Data were analyzed by χ2 and regression modeling.

Results
Our practice employed p16 to aid cervical biopsy diagnoses by 2006. The frequency of negative LEEPs before 2006 was 12 (10%) of 126. The frequency dropped during the p16 era (2006–2012) to 23 (5%) of 467. Overall, we observed an inverse relationship between the frequency of p16 employment and the frequency of negative LEEP outcomes (R2 = 0.71; p < .001), independent of potential covariates.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that more accurate p16-based diagnoses may reduce the frequency of unnecessary LEEPs.
Additional Protein Fortification Is Necessary in Extremely Low‐Birth‐Weight Infants Fed Human Milk
Authors: Picaud Jean‐Charles , Houeto Nellie , Buffin Rachel , Loys Claire‐Marie , Godbert Isabelle , Haÿs Stephane 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTIn the present study, approximately one in three (49/152, 32.2%) extremely low‐birth‐weight infants were demonstrated to require additional protein intake to supplement the standard fortification to achieve satisfactory weight gain. This additional protein fortification also resulted in a rapid increase in length‐for‐age (P < 0.001) and head circumference‐for‐age (P = 0.02) z scores.
Neurodevelopment of Preterm Infants at 24 Months After Neonatal Supplementation of a Prebiotic Mix
Authors: van den Berg Jolice P. , Westerbeek Elisabeth A.M. , Bröring‐Starre Tinka , Garssen Johan , van Elburg Ruurd M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Fetal brain maturation is disrupted by preterm birth. Inflammation during the neonatal period may further harm neurodevelopmental outcomes. The present study aimed to determine the effect of short‐chain galacto‐oligosaccharides/long‐chain fructo‐oligosaccharides/pectin‐derived acidic oligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS) on neurodevelopmental outcomes measured by Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development in preterm infants at 24 months.Methods:In this randomized controlled trial, scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS or placebo was supplemented between days 3 and 30 of life. Serum samples at day 1, 7, and 14 were analyzed for cytokine levels. Stool samples at day 1, 7, 14, and 30 were measured for bacterial count and bifidobacteria percentage. At 24 months corrected age infants were followed up by a blinded pediatric psychologist for the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development II or III.Results:Seventy‐seven of one hundred one (76%) eligible infants participated in the follow‐up study. Neurodevelopmental outcomes were not different in the scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS and placebo group. Infections during the neonatal period, lower percentages of bifidobacteria at day 7 (F = 3.8, P = 0.05) and day 14 (F = 5.0, P = 0.02) and higher levels of Interleukine (IL)‐1β (F = 4.0, P = 0.04) and IL‐8 (F = 8.0, P = 0.01) at day 7 are associated with lower mental developmental index. Lower psychomotor outcomes are associated with IL‐2 (F = 4.0, P = 0.05), IL‐4 (F = 6.0, P = 0.02) at birth, and interferon gamma at day 7 (F = 4.4, P = 0.04).Conclusions:scGOS/lcFOS/pAOS showed no significant improvement of neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months in preterm infants. Infections, lower bifidobacteria counts, and higher serum cytokine levels during the neonatal period were associated with lower neurodevelopmental outcomes at 24 months of age indicating the relevance of microbiome and immune responses in neurodevelopmental processes.
Antroduodenal Manometry Is Abnormal in Children Presenting With Orthostatic Intolerance and Gastrointestinal Symptoms
Authors: Moak Jeffrey P. , Fabian Robin R. , Clarke Lindsay C. , Hanumanthaiah Sridhar , Desbiens John , Darbari Anil 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms of nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain are common in patients with orthostatic intolerance (OI), including neurally mediated hypotension (NMH) and postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS). Autonomic dysregulation is considered the underlying pathophysiology behind the cardiovascular symptoms of POTS. Because the autonomic nervous system also regulates GI motility, we hypothesized that patients with POTS and GI symptoms will have evidence of autonomic dysmotility of the upper GI tract.Methods:Thirty‐five subjects with OI and GI symptoms were studied. All the subjects had a 24‐hour antroduodenal manometry (ADM) study, in conjunction with pharmacologic challenge and autonomic and tilt table testing (TTT).Results:The mean subject age was 16.2 ± 2.8 years (range 10–23.8 years), and male to female ratio was 10:25. TTT was abnormal in all the 35 subjects, whereas Valsalva testing was abnormal (+40 mmHG) in 21 of 34 (62%) subjects, and corrected QT interval was ≥0.44 seconds in 19 of 35 (54%) subjects. During TTT, GI symptoms were reproduced in 31 of 35 (89%) studies. ADM was found to be abnormal at baseline, before the TTT in 5 of 35 (14%) subjects, whereas it became abnormal in 23 of 34 (68%) subjects during TTT. In addition, the expected response to the pharmacologic challenge was limited. Overall, ADM was abnormal in 26 of 35 (74%) patients either at baseline or during TTT in these subjects with OI.Conclusions:ADM is frequently abnormal in children with OI and GI symptoms. Upper GI motility studies should be a part of the comprehensive evaluation in this population.
Pediatric Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum
Authors: Gasser Celine Rey-Bellet , Pellaton Rachel , Rochat Cosette Pharisa 
Published: February 2016

Introduction
Described since 1939 in the adult population, spontaneous pneumomediastinum is less known in children. Because of its symptoms and a generally benign evolution, it is probably an underestimated diagnosis. However, it has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute thoracic pain.

Methods
The incidence being low, we conducted a narrative literature review to identify the circumstances leading to a spontaneous pneumomediastinum, the most relevant signs and symptoms, investigations, as well as treatment recommendations.

Results
Of 216 patients, 66.2% are boys, and mean ages range from 6.9 to 14 years. The most frequent comorbidity in children is asthma (22.2%), and the most common trigger factors are bronchospasm (49%), cough (45.6%), various respiratory tract infections, vomiting (10.3%), and foreign body aspiration (8.3%). It remains idiopathic in 33.3%. Relevant signs are chest pain (54.6%), neck pain and/or sore throat (53.3%), and dyspnea (41.2%). The most relevant sign is palpation of subcutaneous emphysema (66.4%). The classically described Hamman crunch is only present in 11.6%. Chest x-ray provides the right diagnosis in 99.5% of the patients. Pneumothorax is associated in 11.6%. Most patients are hospitalized (88.3%); treatment is based on oxygen therapy, painkillers, and rest. In some series, there can be up to 25.8% of patients requiring intensive care and 5.5% requiring drainage of associated pneumothorax. Survival rate is 92.5%, and long-term follow-up shows normal x-rays after 4 days and no recurrence.

Conclusions
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is uncommon in children but must be considered in pediatric patients with acute chest and/or neck pain. History taking, physical examination, and standard chest x-ray are most often diagnostic, and there is rarely a need for other investigation.
Hospitalization is not always indispensable; ambulatory management can be considered. Outcome is good, and follow-up can be clinical, therefore avoiding further x-rays.
Brief Report: A High Rate of β7+ Gut-Homing Lymphocytes in HIV-Infected Immunological Nonresponders is Associated With Poor CD4 T-Cell Recovery During Suppressive HAART
Authors: Girard Alexandre , Vergnon-Miszczycha Delphine , Depincé-Berger Anne-Emmanuelle , Roblin Xavier , Lutch Frederic , Lambert Claude , Rochereau Nicolas , Bourlet Thomas , Genin Christian , Paul Stéphane 
Published: February 2016

Objective:
Correlation between GALT homing markers on lymphocytes and the low blood CD4 T-cell reconstitution in immunological nonresponders (INRs) has been studied.

Design:
Thirty-one INRs, 19 immunological responders (IRs), and 12 noninfected controls were enrolled in this study. INRs were defined by an undetectable plasma viral load RNA less than 40 copies per milliliter and CD4+ T-cell count <500 cells per cubic milliliter in at least 3 years.

Methods:
A complete peripheral and mucosal lymphocyte immunophenotyping was performed on these patients with a focus on the CCR9, CCR6, and α4β7 gut-homing markers.

Results:
A highly significant upregulation of α4β7 on INRs peripheral lymphocytes compared with that of IRs has been observed. This upregulation impacts different lymphocyte subsets namely CD4+, CD8+, and B lymphocytes. The frequency of β7+ Th17 and Treg cells are increased compared with IRs and healthy controls. The frequency of β7+ CD8+ T cells in the blood is negatively correlated with integrated proviral DNA in rectal lymphoid cells in contrast to β7+ CD4+ T cells associated with HIV integration.

Conclusions:
Alteration of lymphocyte homing abilities would have deleterious effects on GALT reconstitution and could participate to HIV reservoir constitution. These results emphasize the great interest to consider α4β7-targeted therapy in INR patients to block homing of lymphocytes and/or to directly impair gp120-α4β7 interactions.
Prediction Model For Extensive Ductal Carcinoma In Situ Around Early-Stage Invasive Breast Cancer
Authors: Knuttel Floortje M. , van der Velden Bas H.M. , Loo Claudette E. , Elias Sjoerd G. , Wesseling Jelle , van den Bosch Maurice A.A.J. , Gilhuijs Kenneth G.A. 
Published: February 2016

Objectives
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a risk factor for incomplete resection of breast cancer. Especially, extensive DCIS (E-DCIS) or extensive intraductal component often results in positive resection margins. Detecting DCIS around breast cancer before treatment may therefore alter surgery. The purpose of this study was to develop a prediction model for E-DCIS around early-stage invasive breast cancer, using clinicohistopathological and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features.

Materials and Methods
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI and local excision were performed in 322 patients with 326 ductal carcinomas. Tumors were segmented from dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI, followed by 3-dimensional extension of the margins with 10 mm. Amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and enhancement features in these extended margins were automatically extracted from the MRI scans. Clinicohistopathological features were also obtained. Principal component analysis and multivariable logistic regression were used to develop a prediction model for E-DCIS. Discrimination and calibration were assessed, and bootstrapping was applied for internal validation.

Results
Extensive DCIS occurred in 48 (14.7%) of 326 tumors. Incomplete resection occurred in 56.3% of these E-DCIS–positive versus 9.0% of E-DCIS–negative tumors (P < 0.001). Five components with eigenvalue exceeding 1 were identified; 2 were significantly associated with E-DCIS. The first, positively associated, component expressed early and overall enhancement in the 10-mm tissue margin surrounding the MRI-visible tumor. The second, positively associated, component expressed human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 and amount of FGT around the MRI-visible tumor. The area under the curve value was 0.79 (0.76 after bootstrapping).

Conclusions
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, early and overall enhancement in the 10-mm margin around the MRI-visible tumor, and amount of FGT in the 10 mm around the MRI-visible tumor were associated with E-DCIS.
Working capital level influence on SME profitability
Authors: Afrifa Godfred Adjapong , Padachi Kesseven 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to report the results of an investigation of the relationship between working capital level, measured by the cash conversion cycle (CCC) and profitability of small and medium enterprises (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach
– The paper employs panel data regression analysis on a sample of 160 Alternative Investment Market (AIM)-listed SMEs for the period from 2005 to 2010.

Findings
– The empirical results show that there is a concave relationship between working capital level and firm profitability and that there is an optimal working capital level at which firms’ profitability is maximised. Furthermore, an examination as to whether or not deviations from the optimal working capital level reduce firm profitability indicate that deviations above or below the optimum decrease profitability.

Research limitations/implications
– The sample is limited to AIM-listed SMEs, and therefore the findings cannot be generalised to all firms.

Practical implications
– Overall, the evidence suggests that firms should strive and attain the optimal working capital level in order to maximise their profitability.

Originality/value
– The results are of importance to both SMEs and policy makers providing insight into the nature of CCC and its relationship to SMEs profitability.
Analysis of SME data readiness: a simulation perspective
Authors: Ivers Anne Marie , Byrne James , Byrne PJ 
Published: February 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the data profile of manufacturing small and medium enterprises (SMEs) with specific emphasis on understanding the data readiness of SMEs for discrete event simulation (DES) modelling.

Design/methodology/approach
– Research was conducted through a review of literature and a survey research strategy of manufacturing SMEs.

Findings
– This paper illustrates the data profile of manufacturing SMEs. Insight is provided on the types of data collected by SMEs, the collection methods used and how these data are stored by the SMEs. Additionally size and age effects are considered. Based on this data profile, conclusions are made regarding an indication of data readiness of manufacturing SMEs for DES modelling.

Research limitations/implications
– This research is focused specifically on manufacturing SMEs in Ireland, other countries and sectors are not investigated.

Practical implications
– This paper provides owner-managers and senior management insight into the data profile of manufacturing SMEs and their potential for utilisation of DES for performance improvement and decision support.

Originality/value
– This paper addresses the gaps that exist in the knowledge of the data profile of manufacturing SMEs and consequently the status of this profile with regard to the readiness of SMEs for DES modelling.
Venture creation and award-winning technology through co-produced incubation
Authors: Branstad Are , Saetre Alf Steinar 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– Corporate incubation is a type of business incubation designed to assist small firms to develop using know-how available in large companies. The purpose of this paper is to explicate how incubation services can be co-produced and describe the contributions and conditions influencing learning and firm development.Design/methodology/approach– The study used a longitudinal single-case method to analyze a small firm’s development process during four years of incubation. The authors recorded and analyzed interviews with the incubator manager and the entrepreneur, and with incubator staff and external stakeholders.Findings– The incubator provided knowledge- and network-based services. These services emphasized the need for the entrepreneurs to be both proactive and receptive to counseling. Although the incubator and the entrepreneurs made progress in developing the company, a dispute over ownership shares threatened to break down the incubation process.Research limitations/implications– Taking evidence from a longitudinal case study, this paper exemplifies and emphasizes that incubation can be a process of interdependent service production in which entrepreneurs are active contributors. Future research should explore how managers and entrepreneurs handle the ambiguities of valuation of incubator contributions.Practical implications– For managers it is important to take seriously the key task of communicating the value of the incubator’s contribution to the companies they recruit. For entrepreneurs it is important to find ways to estimate potential for value added from the incubator.Originality/value– This paper provides a processual understanding of the dynamics of incubator co-production, not found in extant literature.
Forces influencing the speed of internationalisation
Authors: Langseth Henry , O'Dwyer Michele , Arpa Claire 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– This study applies Oviatt and McDougall’s (2005) model of forces influencing the speed of internationalisation to small, export oriented enterprises. The purpose of this paper is to explore the significance of the forces enabling, motivating, mediating and moderating internationalisation in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and the manner in which these forces manifest themselves in the market.Design/methodology/approach– A qualitative research approach utilising eight case studies within Norway and Ireland was adopted in order to facilitate theory building required for this study.Findings– The findings demonstrate that four forces in particular are found to be strongly significant to the speed of internationalisation among the case SMEs: the enabling force of technology, the mediating force of entrepreneurial actor perceptions/owner-managers’ global vision and the moderating forces of foreign market knowledge and tie strength in networks.Practical implications– The empirical evidence has several implications for managers and policy regarding influencing the speed of internationalisation process. The enabling force (technology) has implications for government in their support of the SME macro environment. The motivating force (competition) has implications for government, in understanding what motivates entrepreneurs to enter international markets. The two moderating forces (foreign market knowledge and network tie strength) have implications for managers and can be leveraged through product innovation, increased focus on intellectual property rights for better protection against copycats, and through active and deliberate international networking.Originality/value– The paper suggests adjustments to Oviatt and McDougall’s (2005) model, permitting researchers to gain an in-depth understanding of the complex reality of SME internationalisation.
Sentimental interplay between structured and unstructured user-generated contents
Authors: Zhang Xianfeng , Yu Yang , Li Hongxiu , Lin Zhangxi 
Published: February 2016

Purpose– User-generated content (UGC), i.e. the feedback from consumers in the electronic market, including structured and unstructured types, has become increasingly important in improving online businesses. However, the ambiguity and heterogeneity, and even the conflict between the two types of UGC, require a better understanding from the perspective of human cognitive psychology. By using online feedback on hotel services, the purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of satisfaction level, opinion dispersion and cultural context background on the interrelationship between structured and unstructured UGC.Design/methodology/approach– Natural language processing techniques – specifically, topic classification and sentiment analysis on the sentence level – are adopted to retrieve consumer sentiment polarity on five attributes relative to itemized ratings. Canonical correlation analyses are conducted to empirically validate the interplay between structured and unstructured UGC among different populations segmented by the mean-variance approach.Findings– The variety of cognitions displayed by individuals affects the general significant interrelationship between structured and unstructured UGC. Extremely dissatisfied consumers or those with heterogeneous opinions tend to have a closer interconnection, and the interaction between valence and dispersion further strengthens or loosens the relationship. The satisfied or neutral consumers tend to show confounding sentiment signals in relation to the two different UGC. Chinese consumers behave differently from non-Chinese consumers, resulting in a relatively looser interplay.Practical implications– By identifying consistent opinion providers and promoting more valuable UGC, UGC platforms can raise the quality of information generated. Hotels will then be able to enhance their services through the strategic use of UGC by analyzing reviews with dispersed low-itemized rating and by addressing the differences exhibited by non-Chinese customers. This analytical method can also help to create richly structured sentiment information from unstructured UGC.Originality/value– This paper investigates the variety of cognitive behaviors in the process when UGC are contributed by online reviewers, focussing on the consistency between structured and unstructured UGC. The study helps researchers understanding emotion recognition and affective computing in social media analytics, which is achieved by exploring the variety of UGC information and its relationship to the contributors’ cognitions. The analytical framework adopted also improves the prior techniques.
Genetic overexpressing of GPx‐1 attenuates cocaine‐induced renal toxicity via induction of anti‐apoptotic factors
Authors: Mai Huynh Nhu , Jeong Ji Hoon , Kim Dae‐Joong , Chung Yoon Hee , Shin Eun‐Joo , Nguyen Lan Thuy Ty , Nam Yunsung , Lee Yu Jeung , Cho Eun‐Hee , Nah Seung‐Yeol , Jang Choon‐Gon , Lei Xin Gen , Kim Hyoung‐Chun 
Published: February 2016

SummaryThe present study investigates the role of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)‐1 gene in cocaine‐induced renal damage in mice. Multiple doses of cocaine increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, and glutathione oxidation in the kidney of the non‐transgenic mice (non‐TG mice). The enzymatic activities of GPx and glutathione reductase were significantly decreased in non‐TG mice, whereas superoxide dismutase was increased in the early phase of cocaine exposure. Treatment with cocaine resulted in significant decreases in expression of Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐xl in the kidney of non‐TG mice, which resulted in significant increases in Bax and cleaved‐caspase 3. Consistently, cocaine‐induced tubular epithelial vacuolization and focal tubular necrosis were mainly observed in the proximal tubules in the kidneys of non‐TG mice. These renal pathologic changes were much less pronounced in GPx‐1 TG than in non‐TG mice. These results suggest that the GPx‐1 gene is a protective factor against nephrotoxicity induced by cocaine via interactive modulations between antioxidant and cell survival signaling processes.