bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of lymph node metastases from gastric cancer with a combination of Irreversible Electroporation and Electrochemotherapy: a case report
Authors: Klein Nina , Zapf Stefan , Gunther Enric , Stehling Michael 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageThe combination of Irreversible Electroporation and Electrochemotherapy (IRECT) was well tolerated, safe, and had antitumor activity in this case study of a patient with lymph node metastases from gastric cancer. We therefore recommend the consideration of further clinical studies to investigate the treatment of cancerous tissue with IRECT.
Comparison of σ‐Hole and π‐Hole Tetrel Bonds Formed by Pyrazine and 1,4‐Dicyanobenzene: The Interplay between Anion–π and Tetrel Bonds
Authors: Xu Huili , Cheng Jianbo , Yang Xin , Liu Zhenbo , Li Wenzuo , Li Qingzhong 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe σ‐hole tetrel bond in pyrazine/1,4‐dicyanobenzene⋅⋅⋅TH3F (T=C and Si) and the π‐hole tetrel bond in pyrazine/1,4‐dicyanobenzene⋅⋅⋅F2TO have been compared. The π‐hole tetrel bond is stronger than the corresponding σ‐hole tetrel bond, with a larger interaction energy, shorter binding contact, greater electron density, and bigger charge transfer. Pyrazine forms a more stable tetrel‐bonded complex than 1,4‐dicyanobenzene even though the nitrogen atom in the former has a smaller negative electrostatic potential than the latter. An interesting cooperative effect was found when anion–π and tetrel‐bond interactions coexisted in the same multicomponent complex of X−⋅⋅⋅pyrazine/1,4‐dicyanobenzene⋅⋅⋅TH3F/F2TO (X=F, Cl, and Br). Both interactions displayed a positive cooperative effect, as shown by the larger interaction energies, shorter binding separations, and greater electron densities. The enhancement in the tetrel bond is dependent on the strength of the anion–π interaction and it becomes larger in the order Br−<Cl−<F−. The enhancement in the tetrel bond changes its nature from a purely closed‐shell interaction to a partially covalent interaction. Conversely, the anion–π interaction shows a prominent strengthening of up to −38 kcal mol−1. This effect has been analyzed in terms of electrostatic potentials and charge transfer.
Suppressed oligodendrocyte steroidogenesis in multiple sclerosis: Implications for regulation of neuroinflammation
Authors: Boghozian Roobina , McKenzie Brienne A. , Saito Leina B. , Mehta Ninad , Branton William G. , Lu JianQiang , Baker Glen B. , Noorbakhsh Farshid , Power Christopher 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Neurosteroids are reported to exert anti‐inflammatory effects in several neurological disorders. We investigated the expression and actions of the neurosteroid, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and its more stable 3β‐sulphated ester, DHEA‐S, in MS and associated experimental models. CNS tissues from patients with MS and animals with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) displayed reduced DHEA concentrations, accompanied by diminished expression of the DHEA‐synthesizing enzyme CYP17A1 in oligodendrocytes (ODCs), in association with increased expression of inflammatory genes including interferon (IFN)‐γ and interleukin (IL)‐1β. CYP17A1 was expressed variably in different human neural cell types but IFN‐γ exposure selectively reduced CYP17A1 detection in ODCs. DHEA‐S treatment reduced IL‐1β and −6 release from activated human myeloid cells with minimal effect on lymphocyte viability. Animals with EAE receiving DHEA‐S treatment showed reduced Il1b and Ifng transcript levels in spinal cord compared to vehicle‐treated animals with EAE. DHEA‐S treatment also preserved myelin basic protein immunoreactivity and reduced axonal loss in animals with EAE, relative to vehicle‐treated EAE animals. Neurobehavioral deficits were reduced in DHEA‐S‐treated EAE animals compared with vehicle‐treated animals with EAE. Thus, CYP17A1 expression in ODCs and its product DHEA were downregulated in the CNS during inflammatory demyelination while DHEA‐S provision suppressed neuroinflammation, demyelination, and axonal injury that was evident as improved neurobehavioral performance. These findings indicate that DHEA production is an immunoregulatory pathway within the CNS and its restoration represents a novel treatment approach for neuroinflammatory diseases.
Epstein‐Barr virus lytic cycle involvement in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Cohen Melina , Vistarop Aldana Georgina , Huaman Fuad , Narbaitz Marina , Metrebian Fernanda , De Matteo Elena , Preciado María Victoria , Chabay Paola Andrea 
Published: July 2017

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐mediated B cell transformation is achieved predominantly through the action of latent proteins, but recent evidence suggests that lytic EBV replication has also a certain pathogenic role in lymphomagenesis, at least in the early phases of cell transformation. Particularly, in diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL), the EBV lytic cycle is by and large unexplored, so to disclose lytic cell contribution to lymphomagenesis, our aim was to evaluate viral early and late lytic gene expression in relation to several immune response markers in a series of EBV+ DLBCL from Argentina. An unexpected number of cells expressed lytic transcripts, being transcribed at the BZLF1, BHRF1, and BLLF1 locus, by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. This lytic antigen expression was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for BMRF1 early lytic protein, and a positive correlation between lytic and latent genes was confirmed, revealing a close link between their expressions in EBV+ DLBCL pathogenesis. Remarkably, BZLF1 displayed a negative correlation with CD4 cell counts, and this could be in part justified by the restriction of antigen presentation previously reported. The direct correlation for the late lytic gene BLLF1 and IFNγ in this series could represent a specific response directed towards this antigen. Interleukin 10 transcripts also displayed a positive correlation with lytic expression, indicating that regulatory mechanisms could be also involved on EBV‐associated DLBCL pathogenesis in our series. Complete lytic reactivation in EBV‐positive tumours could potentially kill EBV‐positive malignant cells, providing a tool to promote tumour cell killing mediated by EBV as a complementary treatment strategy.
Do children think that inheritance determines height and weight?
Authors: Raman Lakshmi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThree studies were conducted to investigate if children think that physical growth is determined by inheritance. All three studies employed the “switched‐at‐birth” task. Study 1 investigated if children and adults thought that height and weight were determined by parentage. Study 2 examined preschoolers and elementary school children's and adults' understanding of the role of parentage and nutrition in determining weight. Study 2a examined children's and adults' understanding of the role of parentage and nutrition in determining height. Results indicate that overall, preschoolers and third graders have more of an inheritance bias for height than for weight. However, when nutrition was introduced, apart from third graders, all other grades reasoned that nutrition played a greater role in determining weight. Overall, these results indicate that even young children have a rudimentary but differentiated theory of the role of inheritance in determining height and weight.Highlights

Participants were presented with switched‐at‐birth tasks to determine if they thought that parentage and/or nutrition influences height and weight.
Young children viewed height as determined more by parentage than weight, suggesting that they have a differentiated and autonomous theory for the determination of height.
How we treat thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura: Results of a Canadian TTP practice survey
Authors: Patriquin Christopher J. , Clark William F. , Pavenski Katerina , Arnold Donald M. , Rock Gail , Foley Stephen R. ,   for the Canadian Apheresis Group
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare disease with 90% mortality if untreated. Since the Canadian Apheresis Group (CAG) trial showed greater survival with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) versus plasma infusion, there has been widespread adoption of TPE. Beyond TPE, there is significant practice variation. To characterize this, we developed a survey sent to physicians who might be directly involved in TTP management.MethodsThe survey was sent to CAG members as well as hematologists and nephrologists nationwide and addressed areas of controversy or recognized practice heterogeneity. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize responses, and the χ2 test was used to compare respondents who were and were not CAG physicians. We also compared responses by estimated frequency of TTP cases per year.ResultsThe CAG response rate was 31% (13 of 42). The survey was sent to 665 non‐CAG physicians, of whom 41 responded (6.1%). Though not statistically different, CAG and non‐CAG respondents varied regarding use of corticosteroids, aspirin, and venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis. Significant differences were found between CAG and non‐CAG groups regarding cryosupernatant as fluid choice (69.2% vs. 22.5%, P = .004) and the use of TPE tapering (84.6% vs. 51.3%, P = .034), respectively.ConclusionTTP treatment is variable across centres in Canada. Areas of significant variation include the choice of replacement fluid for TPE and whether or not and how to taper TPE. Our survey highlights the practice heterogeneity that exists and identifies areas where more evidence is needed and perhaps where trials should be performed.
Prenatal Assessment of the Position of Fetal Conus Medullaris as a Predictor of Fetal Spinal Lesions
Authors: Zhao Dan , Wei Qiuju , Cai Ailu , Xie Limei , Wang Bing , Wang Xiaoguang 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesThe aim of this study is to compare two different methods in assessment of the position of fetal conus medullaris (CM) and to explore the significance for assessment of CM.MethodsThis study included both normal fetuses and those with the diagnosis of fetal spinal lesions. The position of fetal CM was performed sonographically using two methods: location of CM in relation to the vertebral body (CM level) and measurement of the conus sacrum (CS) distance.ResultsThe results showed that intra‐observer and interobserver concordance was high for the two methods, both in the normal and abnormal groups. There was significant association between femur length and CS distance (R2 = 0.917) and between gestational age and CS distance (R2 = 0.892).ConclusionsWe propose the combined use of CM level location and CS distance measurement for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal spinal lesions for complementary needs.
Effect of Levodopa‐carbidopa Intestinal Gel on Non‐motor Symptoms in Patients with Advanced Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Standaert David G. , Rodriguez Ramon L. , Slevin John T. , Lobatz Michael , Eaton Susan , Chatamra Krai , Facheris Maurizio F. , Hall Coleen , Sail Kavita , Jalundhwala Yash J. , Benesh Janet 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundLevodopa‐carbidopa intestinal gel (LCIG; carbidopa‐levodopa enteral suspension in the United States), delivered via percutaneous gastrojejunostomy (PEG‐J) and titrated in the inpatient setting, is an established treatment option for advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) patients with motor fluctuations. However, long‐term prospective data on the efficacy of LCIG on non‐motor symptoms and the safety of outpatient titration are limited.MethodsIn this 60‐week, open‐label phase 3b study, LCIG titration was initiated in an outpatient setting following PEG‐J placement in PD patients. The efficacy of LCIG on motor and non‐motor symptoms, quality of life, and safety was assessed.ResultsThirty‐nine patients were enrolled in the study and 28 patients completed the treatment. A majority of patients (54%) completed outpatient titration within the first week of LCIG infusion. LCIG led to significant reductions from baseline in Non‐Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS) total score (least squares mean ± SE = −17.6 ± 3.6, P < 0.001) and 6 of the NMSS domain scores (sleep/fatigue, attention/memory, gastrointestinal tract, urinary, sexual function, miscellaneous) at week 12. These reductions were maintained at week 60 with the exception of the urinary domain. “Off” time (−4.9 ± 0.5 hours/day, P < 0.001) and “On” time without troublesome dyskinesia (−4.3 ± 0.6 hours/day, P < 0.001) were improved at week 60. Adverse events (AEs) were reported in 37 (95%) patients.ConclusionsLCIG treatment led to reductions in non‐motor symptom burden and motor fluctuations in advanced PD patients. The safety profile was consistent with previous studies that used inpatient titration and outpatient titration did not appear to pose additional risk.
Immunosenescence Induced by Plasma from Individuals with Obesity Caused Cell Signaling Dysfunction and Inflammation
Authors: Parisi Mariana Migliorini , Grun Lucas Kich , Lavandoski Patrícia , Alves Letícia Biscaino , Bristot Ivi Juliana , Mattiello Rita , Mottin Cláudio Corá , Klamt Fábio , Jones Marcus Herbert , Padoin Alexandre Vontobel , Guma Fátima Costa Rodrigues , Barbé‐Tuana Florencia María 
Published: July 2017

ObjectiveTo evaluate the consequences of plasma from individuals with obesity on parameters associated with immunosenescence in unrelated healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).MethodsFreshly isolated PBMC were incubated in media supplemented with 10% of plasma from individuals with obesity or control subjects for the first 4 hours of 24 to 120 hours of culture.ResultsPlasma from individuals with obesity modulated the phenotype of healthy PBMC, leading to a higher rate of apoptosis, lower amounts of phospho‐γH2AX and ‐p53, and mitochondrial dysfunction. After 120 hours, there was a higher secretion of inflammatory cytokines IL‐1β and IL‐8. CD8+ T lymphocytes presented decreased expression of CD28, which is associated with the immunosenescent phenotype. CD14+ macrophages showed increased expression of CD80 and CD206, suggesting a modulation in the activation of macrophages.ConclusionsThese results demonstrate that chronic systemic inflammation observed in obesity induces dysfunctional features in PBMC that are consistent with premature immunosenescence.
Accuracy of self‐reported height, weight and waist circumference in a Japanese sample
Authors: Okamoto N. , Hosono A. , Shibata K. , Tsujimura S. , Oka K. , Fujita H. , Kamiya M. , Kondo F. , Wakabayashi R. , Yamada T. , Suzuki S. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryObjectiveInconsistent results have been found in prior studies investigating the accuracy of self‐reported waist circumference, and no study has investigated the validity of self‐reported waist circumference among Japanese individuals. This study used the diagnostic standard of metabolic syndrome to assess the accuracy of individual's self‐reported height, weight and waist circumference in a Japanese sample.MethodsStudy participants included 7,443 Japanese men and women aged 35–79 years. They participated in a cohort study's baseline survey between 2007 and 2011. Participants' height, weight and waist circumference were measured, and their body mass index was calculated. Self‐reported values were collected through a questionnaire before the examination.ResultsStrong correlations between measured and self‐reported values for height, weight and body mass index were detected. The correlation was lowest for waist circumference (men, 0.87; women, 0.73). Men significantly overestimated their waist circumference (mean difference, 0.8 cm), whereas women significantly underestimated theirs (mean difference, 5.1 cm). The sensitivity of self‐reported waist circumference using the cut‐off value of metabolic syndrome was 0.83 for men and 0.57 for women.ConclusionsDue to systematic and random errors, the accuracy of self‐reported waist circumference was low. Therefore, waist circumference should be measured without relying on self‐reported values, particularly in the case of women.
Homology model of the human tRNA splicing ligase RtcB
Authors: Nandy Argha , Saenz‐Méndez Patricia , Gorman Adrienne M. , Samali Afshin , Eriksson Leif A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractRtcB is an essential human tRNA ligase required for ligating the 2',3'‐cyclic phosphate and 5'‐hydroxyl termini of cleaved tRNA halves during tRNA splicing and XBP1 fragments during endoplasmic reticulum stress. Activation of XBP1 has been implicated in various human tumors including breast cancer. Here we present, for the first time, a homology model of human RtcB (hRtcB) in complex with manganese and covalently bound GMP built from the Pyrococcus horikoshii RtcB (bRtcB) crystal structure, PDB ID 4DWQA. The structure is analyzed in terms of stereochemical quality, folding reliability, secondary structure similarity with bRtcB, druggability of the active site binding pocket and its metal‐binding microenvironment. In comparison with bRtcB, loss of a manganese‐coordinating water and movement of Asn226 (Asn202 in 4DWQA) to form metal‐ligand coordination, demonstrates the uniqueness of the hRtcB model. Rotation of GMP leads to the formation of an additional metal‐ligand coordination (Mn‐O). Umbrella sampling simulations of Mn binding in wild type and the catalytically inactive C122A mutant reveal a clear reduction of Mn binding ability in the mutant, thus explaining the loss of activity therein. Our results furthermore clearly show that the GTP binding site of the enzyme is a well‐defined pocket that can be utilized as target site for in silico drug discovery.
Novel FAM83H mutations in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Xin Wang , Wenjun Wang , Man Qin , Yuming Zhao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAmelogenesis imperfecta (AI), characterized by a deficiency in the quantity and/or quality of dental enamel, is genetically heterogeneous and phenotypically variable. The most severe type, hypocalcified AI, is mostly caused by truncating mutations in the FAM83H gene. This study aimed to identify genetic mutations in four Chinese families with hypocalcified AI. We performed mutation analysis by sequencing the candidate FAM83H gene. Three novel mutations (c.931dupC, p.V311Rfs*13; c.1130_1131delinsAA, p.S377X; and c.1147 G > T, p.E383X) and one previously reported mutation (c.973 C > T, p.R325X) in the last exon of FAM83H gene were identified. Furthermore, constructs expressing Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged wild-type and three novel mutant FAM83Hs were transfected into rat dental epithelial cells (SF2 cells). Wild-type FAM83H-GFP was localized exclusively in the cytoplasm, especially in the area surrounding the nucleus, while the mutant FAM83H-GFPs (p.V311Rfs*13, p.S377X, and p.E383X) were localized predominantly in the nucleus, with lower levels in the cytoplasm.
Active KTaO3 hybrid terahertz metamaterial
Authors: Wu Liang , Liu Jinglong , Li Hui , Ding Chunfeng , Xu Ningning , Zhao Xiaolei , Xu Zongcheng , Sheng Quan , Yao Jianquan , Li Jining , Ding Xin , Zhang Weili 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe dielectric properties of an active KTaO3 hybrid metamaterial structure and its tunability under external electric fields are investigated at room temperature by means of terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Application of the electric field leads to an appreciable tuning of the dielectric loss, which is up to 17%. Meanwhile, the refractive index also changes appreciably. These findings are attributed to the internal space charge field in the crystal caused by the excited free carriers.
Ultralow voltage operation of biologically assembled all carbon nanotube nanomesh transistors with ion-gel gate dielectrics
Authors: Byeon Hye-Hyeon , Kim Kein , Kim Woong , Yi Hyunjung 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe demonstration of field-effect transistors (FETs) based entirely on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) would enable the fabrication of high-on-current, flexible, transparent and stretchable devices owing to the excellent electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of SWNTs. Fabricating all-SWNT-based FETs via simple solution process, at room temperature and without using lithography and vacuum process could further broaden the applicability of all-SWNT-FETs. In this work, we report on biologically assembled all SWNT-based transistors and demonstrate that ion-gel-gated network structures of unsorted SWNTs assembled using a biological template material enabled operation of SWNT-based transistors at a very low voltage. The compatibility of the biologically assembled SWNT networks with ion gel dielectrics and the large capacitance of both the three-dimensional channel networks and the ion gel allowed an ultralow operation voltage. The all-SWNT-based FETs showed an I
on
/I
off
value of >102, an on-current density per channel width of 2.16 × 10−4 A/mm at VDS = 0.4 V, and a field-effect hole mobility of 1.12 cm2/V · s in addition to the low operation voltage of <−0.5 V. We envision that our work suggests a solution-based simple and low-cost approach to realizing all-carbon-based FETs for low voltage operation and flexible applications.
The Wnt receptor Ryk is a negative regulator of mammalian dendrite morphogenesis
Authors: Lanoue Vanessa , Langford Michael , White Amanda , Sempert Kai , Fogg Lily , Cooper Helen M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe unique dendritic architecture of a given neuronal subtype determines its synaptic connectivity and ability to integrate into functional neuronal networks. It is now clear that abnormal dendritic structure is associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Currently, however, the nature of the extrinsic factors that limit dendritic growth and branching within predetermined boundaries in the mammalian brain is poorly understood. Here we identify the Wnt receptor Ryk as a novel negative regulator of dendritic arborisation. We demonstrate that loss of Ryk in mouse hippocampal and cortical neurons promotes excessive dendrite growth and branching in vitro. Conversely, overexpression of wildtype Ryk restricts these processes, confirming that Ryk acts to restrain dendrite arborisation. Furthermore, we identify a hitherto uncharacterized membrane proximal subdomain crucial for Ryk-mediated suppression of dendrite morphogenesis, suggesting that it may act through a novel signalling pathway to constrain dendrite complexity. We also demonstrate that Ryk performs a similar function in vivo as Ryk haploinsufficient postnatal animals exhibit excessive dendrite growth and branching in layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons of the somatosensory cortex. These findings reveal an essential role for Ryk in regulating dendrite complexity and raise the intriguing possibility that it may influence neural plasticity by modifying dendritic structure.