bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of rhCygb on CCl4-Induced Hepatic Fibrogenesis in Rat
Authors: Li Zhen , Wei Wei , Chen Bohong , Cai Gaotai , Li Xin , Wang Ping , Tang Jinping , Dong Wenqi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study aims to investigate whether the use of recombinant human cytoglobin (rhCygb) impact on hepatic fibrogenesis caused by CCl4. SD (n = 150) rats were randomly divided into three groups of normal, CCl4model and rhCygb groups. After model establishment, rats in rhCygb groups were administered daily with rhCygb (2 mg/kg, s.c.). Histological lesions were staged according to metavir. Serum parameters including ALT, AST, HA, LN, Col III and Col IV were determined. The liver proteins were separated by 2-DE and identified. As a result, the stage of hepatic damage and liver fibrosis in rhCygb groups were significantly milder than that in CCl4model groups. Meanwhile, rhCygb dramatically reversed serum levels of ALT and AST, and also markedly decreased the liver fibrosis markers levels of LN, HA, Col III and Col IV. In 2-DE, 33 proteins among three groups with the same changing tendency in normal and rhCygb treated groups compared with CCl4model group were identified. GO analysis showed that several identified proteins involved in oxidative stress pathway. The study provides new insights and data for administration of rhCygb reversing CCl4-induced liver fibrosis suggesting that rhCygb might be used in the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Metabolic flux profiling of MDCK cells during growth and canine adenovirus vector production
Authors: Carinhas Nuno , Pais Daniel A. M. , Koshkin Alexey , Fernandes Paulo , Coroadinha Ana S. , Carrondo Manuel J. T. , Alves Paula M. , Teixeira Ana P. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractCanine adenovirus vector type 2 (CAV2) represents an alternative to human adenovirus vectors for certain gene therapy applications, particularly neurodegenerative diseases. However, more efficient production processes, assisted by a greater understanding of the effect of infection on producer cells, are required. Combining [1,2-13C]glucose and [U-13C]glutamine, we apply for the first time 13C-Metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) to study E1-transformed Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells metabolism during growth and CAV2 production. MDCK cells displayed a marked glycolytic and ammoniagenic metabolism, and 13C data revealed a large fraction of glutamine-derived labelling in TCA cycle intermediates, emphasizing the role of glutamine anaplerosis. 13C-MFA demonstrated the importance of pyruvate cycling in balancing glycolytic and TCA cycle activities, as well as occurrence of reductive alphaketoglutarate (AKG) carboxylation. By turn, CAV2 infection significantly upregulated fluxes through most central metabolism, including glycolysis, pentose-phosphate pathway, glutamine anaplerosis and, more prominently, reductive AKG carboxylation and cytosolic acetyl-coenzyme A formation, suggestive of increased lipogenesis. Based on these results, we suggest culture supplementation strategies to stimulate nucleic acid and lipid biosynthesis for improved canine adenoviral vector production.
Bone marrow-derived cells in the population of spinal microglia after peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Tashima Ryoichi , Mikuriya Satsuki , Tomiyama Daisuke , Shiratori-Hayashi Miho , Yamashita Tomohiro , Kohro Yuta , Tozaki-Saitoh Hidetoshi , Inoue Kazuhide , Tsuda Makoto 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that peripheral nerve injury (PNI) activates spinal microglia that are necessary for neuropathic pain. Recent studies using bone marrow (BM) chimeric mice have reported that after PNI, circulating BM-derived cells infiltrate into the spinal cord and differentiate into microglia-like cells. This raises the possibility that the population of spinal microglia after PNI may be heterogeneous. However, the infiltration of BM cells in the spinal cord remains controversial because of experimental adverse effects of strong irradiation used for generating BM chimeric mice. In this study, we evaluated the PNI-induced spinal infiltration of BM-derived cells not only by irradiation-induced myeloablation with various conditioning regimens, but also by parabiosis and mice with genetically labelled microglia, models without irradiation and BM transplantation. Results obtained from these independent approaches provide compelling evidence indicating little contribution of circulating BM-derived cells to the population of spinal microglia after PNI.
The first crystal structure of human RNase 6 reveals a novel substrate-binding and cleavage site arrangement
Authors: Prats-Ejarque Guillem , Arranz-Trullén Javier , Blanco Jose A. , Pulido David , Nogués M. Victòria , Moussaoui Mohammed , Boix Ester 
Published: March 2016

Human RNase 6 is a cationic secreted protein that belongs to the RNase A superfamily. Its expression is induced in neutrophils and monocytes upon bacterial infection, suggesting a role in host defence. We present here the crystal structure of RNase 6 obtained at 1.72 Å (1 Å=0.1 nm) resolution, which is the first report for the protein 3D structure and thereby setting the basis for functional studies. The structure shows an overall kidney-shaped globular fold shared with the other known family members. Three sulfate anions bound to RNase 6 were found, interacting with residues at the main active site (His15, His122 and Gln14) and cationic surface-exposed residues (His36, His39, Arg66 and His67). Kinetic characterization, together with prediction of protein–nucleotide complexes by molecular dynamics, was applied to analyse the RNase 6 substrate nitrogenous base and phosphate selectivity. Our results reveal that, although RNase 6 is a moderate catalyst in comparison with the pancreatic RNase type, its structure includes lineage-specific features that facilitate its activity towards polymeric nucleotide substrates. In particular, enzyme interactions at the substrate 5′ end can provide an endonuclease-type cleavage pattern. Interestingly, the RNase 6 crystal structure revealed a novel secondary active site conformed by the His36–His39 dyad that facilitates the polynucleotide substrate catalysis.
New cascade boost converter with reduced losses
Authors: Lotfi Nejad Mohammad , Poorali Behzad , Adib Ehsan , Motie Birjandi Ali Akbar 
Published: March 2016

To enhance the gain of conventional boost converters in applications such as fuel cells and photovoltaic systems, cascade boost converters are normally applied. In this study, a new cascade boost converter topology with reduced conduction losses is proposed. This converter shows reduced root‐mean‐square currents of the circuit elements and reduced conduction losses. The proposed converter is analysed and compared with the conventional circuit topology. The proposed converter has all the advantages of cascade boost converter with the advantage of reduced conduction losses. Finally, simulation and experimental results of a 200 W laboratory prototype are presented.
Analysis of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Use in the Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis
Authors: Yao Qingqiang , Cohen Jeremiah R. , Buser Zorica , Park Jong-Beom , Brodke Darrel S. , Meisel Hans-Joerg , Youssef Jim A. , Wang Jeffrey C. , Yoon S. Tim 
Published: March 2016

Study Design Retrospective database review. Objective To identify trends of the recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) use in the treatment of lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis (LDS). Methods PearlDiver Patient Record Database was used to identify patients who underwent lumbar fusion for LDS between 2005 and 2011. The distribution of bone morphogenetic protein use rate (BR) in various surgical procedures was recorded. Patient numbers, reoperation numbers, BR, and per year BR (PYBR) were stratified by geographic region, gender, and age. Results There were 11,335 fusion surgeries, with 3,461 cases using rhBMP-2. Even though PYRB increased between 2005 and 2008, there was a significant decrease in 2010 for each procedure: 404 (34.5%) for posterior interbody fusion, 1,282 (34.3%) for posterolateral plus posterior interbody fusion (PLPIF), 1,477 (29.2%) for posterolateral fusion, and 335 (22.4%) for anterior lumbar interbody fusion. In patients using rhBMP-2, the reoperation rate was significantly lower than in patients not using rhBMP-2 (0.69% versus 1.07%, p < 0.0001). Male patients had higher PYBR compared with female patients in 2008 and 2009 ( p < 0.05). The West region and PLPIF had the highest BR and PYBR. Conclusions Our data shows that the revision rates were significantly lower in patients treated with rhBMP-2 compared with patients not treated with rhBMP-2. Furthermore, rhBMP-2 use in LDS varied by year, region, gender, and type of fusion technique. In the West region, the posterior approach and patients 65 to 69 years of age had the highest rate of rhBMP-2 use.
Modulation of nitrogen vacancy charge state and fluorescence in nanodiamonds using electrochemical potential
Authors: Karaveli Sinan , Gaathon Ophir , Wolcott Abraham , Sakakibara Reyu , Shemesh Or A. , Peterka Darcy S. , Boyden Edward S. , Owen Jonathan S. , Yuste Rafael , Englund Dirk 
Published: March 2016

Significance
The nitrogen vacancy center (NV) in diamond is a fluorescent color center that can be in several charge states depending on its local electrostatic environment. Here, we demonstrate the control of the charge state and fluorescence of NVs in nanodiamonds (NDs) by applying a potential difference across NDs in an electrochemical cell. Controlling the charge state can improve spin-based sensing protocols of the NV. Conversely, the NV’s strong fluorescence dependence on electrochemical potential differences also enables a new modality for optical sensing of its environment. With this electrochemical setup, we show that a single NV can reveal a 100-mV potential swing, whereas multiple NVs allow for the detection of potential swings as small as 20 mV.
Two distinct trimeric conformations of natively membrane-anchored full-length herpes simplex virus 1 glycoprotein B
Authors: Zeev-Ben-Mordehai Tzviya , Vasishtan Daven , Hernández Durán Anna , Vollmer Benjamin , White Paul , Prasad Pandurangan Arun , Siebert C. Alistair , Topf Maya , Grünewald Kay 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Successful host cell infection requires that viruses get various components—most importantly, their genomes—across the bounding membranes into the cytosol. For enveloped viruses, this crucial part of the entry process is achieved by merging the viral membrane with the host membrane, a process mediated by specialized virus-encoded fusion proteins residing on the virus envelope. Accordingly, these surface viral proteins constitute important targets for antiviral treatments as well as for prophylactic vaccine development. Herpesviruses are ubiquitous, opportunistic DNA viruses that have mastered immune system evasion to cause lifelong infections, with intermittent clinical and subclinical viral reactivation. The structural information on an effective glycoprotein B conformation reported here opens up overdue opportunities for targeted interventions in herpesvirus entry.
Gene expression profiling in undifferentiated thyroid carcinoma induced by high-dose radiation
Authors: Bang Hyun Soon , Choi Moo Hyun , Kim Cha Soon , Choi Seung Jin 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Published gene expression studies for radiation-induced thyroid carcinogenesis have used various methodologies. In this study, we identified differential gene expression in a human thyroid epithelial cell line after exposure to high-dose γ-radiation. HTori-3 cells were exposed to 5 or 10 Gy of ionizing radiation using two dose rates (high-dose rate: 4.68 Gy/min, and low-dose rate: 40 mGy/h) and then implanted into the backs of BALB/c nude mice after 4 (10 Gy) or 5 weeks (5 Gy). Decreases in cell viability, increases in giant cell frequency, anchorage-independent growth in vitro , and tumorigenicity in vivo were observed. Particularly, the cells irradiated with 5 Gy at the high-dose rate or 10 Gy at the low-dose rate demonstrated more prominent tumorigenicity. Gene expression profiling was analyzed via microarray. Numerous genes that were significantly altered by a fold-change of &gt;50% following irradiation were identified in each group. Gene expression analysis identified six commonly misregulated genes, including CRYAB, IL-18, ZNF845, CYP24A1, OR4N4 and VN1R4, at all doses. These genes involve apoptosis, the immune response, regulation of transcription, and receptor signaling pathways. Overall, the altered genes in high-dose rate (HDR) 5 Gy and low-dose rate (LDR) 10 Gy were more than those of LDR 5 Gy and HDR 10 Gy. Thus, we investigated genes associated with aggressive tumor development using the two dosage treatments. In this study, the identified gene expression profiles reflect the molecular response following high doses of external radiation exposure and may provide helpful information about radiation-induced thyroid tumors in the high-dose range.
Consent for Anesthesia Clinical Trials on the Day of Surgery
Authors: Murphy Glenn S. , Szokol Joseph W. , Avram Michael J. , Greenberg Steven B. , Shear Torin D. , Vender Jeffery S. , Landry Elizabeth 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAbstract
In a survey distributed to 200 patients who provided informed consent for anesthesia research on the day of surgery, 96% of respondents were satisfied with the consent process, and most disagreed that they were anxious, felt obligated to participate, or had regrets about participation.

Background
Opportunities for anesthesia research investigators to obtain consent for clinical trials are often restricted to the day of surgery, which may limit the ability of subjects to freely decide about research participation. The aim of this study was to determine whether subjects providing same-day informed consent for anesthesia research are comfortable doing so.

Methods
A 25-question survey was distributed to 200 subjects providing informed consent for one of two low-risk clinical trials. While consent on the day of surgery was permitted for both studies, a preadmission telephone call was required for one. The questionnaire was provided to each subject at the time of discharge from the hospital. The questions were structured to assess six domains relating to the consent process, and each question was graded on a 5-point Likert scale (1 = strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree). Overall satisfaction with same-day consent was assessed using an 11-point scale with 0 = extremely dissatisfied and 10 = extremely satisfied.

Results
Completed questionnaires were received from 129 subjects. Median scores for satisfaction with the consent process were 9.5 to 10. Most respondents reported that the protocol was well explained and comprehended and that the setting in which consent was obtained was appropriate (median score of 5). Most patients strongly disagreed that they were anxious at the time of consent, felt obligated to participate, or had regrets about participation (median score of 1). Ten percent or less of subjects reported negative responses to any of the questions, and no differences were observed between the study groups.

Conclusion
More than 96% of subjects who provided same-day informed consent for low-risk research were satisfied with the consent process.
Impact of Radiation Therapy Dose Escalation on Prostate Cancer Outcomes and Toxicities
Authors: Zaorsky Nicholas G. , Keith Scott W. , Shaikh Talha , Nguyen Paul L. , Horwitz Eric M. , Dicker Adam P. , Den Robert B. 
Published: March 2016

Objectives:
Freedom from biochemical failure (FFBF) is a common primary outcome of randomized-controlled trials of prostate cancer (PCa). We aimed to determine how increasing the PCa biologically equivalent dose (BED) of external radiation therapy (RT) is correlated with FFBF and overall patient outcomes: overall survival (OS), distant metastasis (DM), and cancer-specific mortality (CSM); as well as genitourinary (GU), and gastrointestinal toxicities.

Materials and Methods:
We performed a meta-analysis of 6884 PCa patients from 12 randomized-controlled trials of external beam RT. Mixed effects regression models were used to estimate weighted linear relationships between BED and observed percentages of 5- and 10-year outcomes. For toxicities, a subset analysis of using 3-dimensional conformal RT (3D-CRT) versus intensity-modulated RT (IMRT) was performed.

Results:
Increasing BED correlated with improved FFBF: 10-year absolute improvement of 9.6% and 7.2% for low-risk and intermediate-risk patients, respectively (P<0.05); but not with improvement of OS, DM, or CSM at either time point. BED escalation was not correlated with increased acute toxicities; it was correlated with increased late gastrointestinal toxicities in patients treated with 3D-CRT (1.5% increase over BED range, P<0.01). IMRT patients had significantly fewer late toxicities, despite being treated at higher BED.

Conclusions:
RT BED escalation has resulted in significantly improved PCa FFBF at up to 10 years; but not with improvement in OS, DM, or CSM. Thus, FFBF is a poor surrogate of overall patient outcomes for trials of RT. Late toxicities were less frequent with IMRT than with 3D-CRT, even at higher BED.
Positive Inotropic Effect of Prostaglandin F2α in Rat Ventricular Trabeculae
Authors: Shen Xin , Kaur Sarbjot , Power Amelia , Williams Logan Z. J. , Ward Marie-Louise 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
Prostaglandins are ubiquitous signaling molecules in the body that produce autocrine/paracrine effects on target cells in response to mechanical or chemical signals. In the heart, long-term exposure to prostaglandin (PG) F2α has been linked to the development of hypertrophy; however, there is no consensus on the acute effect of PGF2α. Our aim was to determine the response to exogenous PGF2α in isolated trabeculae from rat hearts. PGF2α (1 μM) increased both the Ca2+ transients and the isometric stress in trabeculae, reaching steady state after 10–15 minutes, without altering the time course of Ca2+ transient decay. The precursor of PGF2α, arachidonic acid, also stimulated a similar response. The positive inotropic effect of PGF2α was mediated through a protein kinase C signaling pathway that involved activation of the sarcolemmal Na+/H+ exchanger. We also found that the slow force response to stretch was attenuated in the presence of PGF2α and by addition of indomethacin, a blocker of prostaglandin synthesis. In conclusion, PGF2α was positively inotropic when acutely applied to trabeculae and contributed to the increased Ca2+ transients during the slow force response to stretch. Together, these data suggest that PGF2α is important in maintaining homeostasis during volume loading in healthy hearts.
Effects of a Group-Based Treadmill Program on Children With Neurodevelopmental Impairment Who Are Not Yet Ambulating
Authors: Mattern-Baxter Katrin 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To examine the effects of a group-based treadmill program on gross motor skills related to walking and the amount of support needed for ambulation in children with neuromotor impairment who are not yet walking.

Methods:
Twelve children (mean age, 30.4 months; standard deviation, 7.9) participated in the program twice per week for 14 weeks. The Gross Motor Function Measure-88 Dimensions D and E (GMFM-88 D/E), the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS), the timed 10-m walk test, and the Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory Mobility Scale (PEDI) were administered before and at the conclusion of the program. Data were analyzed using paired the t test and Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test.

Results:
Statistically significant improvements were found between pre- and posttests in the GMFM-88 D (P = .0005) and E (P = .001), in FMS scores (P = .039), and the PEDI (P = .001).

Conclusions:
A group-based treadmill program leads to positive changes in walking ability in children with neuromotor impairment.
The Application of Three-Dimensional Surface Imaging System in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Authors: Li Yanqi , Yang Xin , Li Dong 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) surface imaging system has gained popularity worldwide in clinical application. Unlike computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, it has the ability to capture 3D images with both shape and texture information. This feature has made it quite useful for plastic surgeons. This review article is mainly focusing on demonstrating the current status and analyzing the future of the application of 3D surface imaging systems in plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Currently, 3D surface imaging system is mainly used in plastic and reconstructive surgery to help improve the reliability of surgical planning and assessing surgical outcome objectively. There have already been reports of its using on plastic and reconstructive surgery from head to toe. Studies on facial aging process, online applications development, and so on, have also been done through the use of 3D surface imaging system.
Because different types of 3D surface imaging devices have their own advantages and disadvantages, a basic knowledge of their features is required and careful thought should be taken to choose the one that best fits a surgeon's demand.
In the future, by integrating with other imaging tools and the 3D printing technology, 3D surface imaging system will play an important role in individualized surgical planning, implants production, meticulous surgical simulation, operative techniques training, and patient education.
An Atypical Case of Lymphocytic Panhypophysitis in a Pregnant Woman
Authors: Davies Emma C. , Jakobiec Frederick A. , Stagner Anna M. , Rizzo Joseph F. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:
We describe a case of lymphocytic panhypophysitis (LPH) in a 30-year-old woman presenting with throbbing headaches and vision changes during her third trimester. LPH is the rarest subclassification of lymphocytic hypophysitis; it is typically found in males and has not previously been associated with pregnancy. Anterior and posterior pituitary deficits together with headaches should raise a high degree of suspicion regarding the possibility of LPH. The atypical magnetic resonance imaging finding of a heterogeneous pituitary mass additionally raised concern about pituitary apoplexy. Tissue from a transsphenoidal biopsy permitted diagnosis of lymphocytic hypophysitis. There was infiltration of the pituitary gland by small B and T lymphocytes. Resolution of the visual symptoms occurred after the biopsy and treatment with intravenous steroids.