bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experiencia y resultados de la aplicación de la técnica consenso de panel Uso empírico para la selección de dos organizaciones tolimenses
Authors: Uribe Macías Mario Enrique , Cujiño Ibarra Milena Johanna 
Published: June 2016

Se llevó a cabo un proyecto de investigación –financiado por el Comité Central de Investigaciones de la Universidad del Tolima‒ para analizar las estrategias adoptadas por dos organizaciones y los impactos positivos y negativos que estas generaron en la vida empresarial. Para seleccionar las empresas que deberían ser estudiadas, se planteó que debía aplicarse un método de expertos con personas de la región, conocedoras profundas del tema. De aquí se desprende la pregunta que da lugar al artículo: ¿cómo seleccionar de la manera más objetiva posible dichas organizaciones?; para responderla se desarrolló la técnica de consenso de panel (de expertos), que se explica desde la óptica de su desarrollo como de los resultados obtenidos. Teóricamente se soporta en los temas de historia empresarial, de estrategia y en la conceptualización de la técnica consenso de panel. La principal conclusión es que la técnica de consenso de panel es una herramienta adecuada para utilizar con equipos directivos, cuyas características principales son el conocimiento y experticia en el sector empresarial, la concreción de sus aportes y el ajustado tiempo para desarrollar sus actividades. Hacia futuro, es importante la aplicación de la técnica en ejercicios similares para cualquier tipo de proyecto de investigación.
Rasgos de la práctica de la administración en la civilización agrícola, la industrialización y la cibereconomía en mercados globales
Authors: Barrera-Silva Nubia 
Published: June 2016

Este artículo responde la pregunta: ¿Qué une a las actividades de la práctica de la administración del siglo XXI con aquellas de los grupos considerados “primitivos”?: similitudes en armar equipo de trabajo; comportamientos, objetivos y asimetrías por diferencias en modos de producción. Objetivos: (1) Rescatar del trabajo de grupo de la comunidad “primitiva” Gouro la solidaridad, el apoyo mutuo y la coordinación de prácticas económicas, requeridas en la implementación de estrategias de ruptura en organizaciones amenazadas por la competencia de mercados saturados y gestión interna basada en el individualismo y realización personal. (2) Mostrar la pertinencia de la interdisciplinariedad como aporte a la alta gerencia en identificación de problemas y alternativas de respuesta. Las amenazas ambientales del entorno obligan a emprender estudios interdisciplinarios para redefinir tendencias de prospectiva según el área que requiera resolverse desde la práctica de la administración. Categorías: espacio/tiempo, división social del trabajo; liderazgo, trabajo de equipo y valores. La metodología es de síntesis.
Estilos de liderazgo femenino como factor influyente en las habilidades de los equipos de trabajo en el sector asegurador
Authors: Perozo-Ramírez Bianca Alejandra , Paz-Marcano Annherys Isabel 
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo tuvo como propósito analizar los estilos de liderazgo femenino como factor influyente en las habilidades de los equipos de trabajo en el sector asegurador. El tipo de investigación es analítica, descriptiva con un diseño no experimental, transversal, de campo. La población estuvo constituida por 79 sujetos. En la recolección de los datos se utilizaron dos cuestionarios con 26 ítems para estilos de liderazgo femenino y 9 ítems a habilidades de los equipos de trabajo ambos con respuestas tipo lickert, siendo validados por juicio de (10) expertos; determinándose la confiabilidad mediante la fórmula de Alfa de Cronbach obteniendo 0,94 estilos de liderazgo femenino y 0,84 habilidades de los equipos de trabajo. En cuanto a la interpretación de los datos, se recurrió a la estadística descriptiva. Se concluyo que el estilo de liderazgo femenino predominante fue el situacional, caracterizado por alinear a los colaboradores a participar en el desarrollo de actividades, así como potenciar su desempeño para el logro de los objetivos; además de promover la participación activa de todos los miembros que conforman un equipo de trabajo, a fin de desarrollar las habilidades en sus procesos laborales.
Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy, Sexual Dysfunction, and Urinary Incontinence in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Hotaling James M. , Sarma Aruna V. , Patel Darshan P. , Braffett Barbara H. , Cleary Patricia A. , Feldman Eva , Herman William H. , Martin Catherine L. , Jacobson Alan M. , Wessells Hunter , Pop-Busui Rodica ,   for the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Research Group
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated associations among cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN), female sexual dysfunction (FSD), and urinary incontinence (UI) in women with type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
We studied 580 women with T1DM in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications Study (DCCT/EDIC). CAN was defined as: 1) R-R variation &lt;15 with deep breathing or 2) R-R variation of 15–19.9 plus Valsalva ratio ≤1.5 or a supine-to-standing drop of 10 mmHg in diastolic blood pressure. A Sandvik Severity Index of 3–12 defined UI, and a Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI-R) score ≥22.75 defined FSD. Multivariable models estimated associations among CAN, FSD, and UI.

RESULTS
At EDIC year 17, FSD was observed in 41% of women and UI in 30%. No statistically significant associations were observed between measures of CAN at DCCT closeout and subsequent report of FSD or UI. At EDIC year 16/17, there was a 53% increased odds of having UI with a Valsalva ratio ≤1.5. At both EDIC year 13/14 and EDIC year 16/17, a 5-unit increase in R-R variation was associated with a 1.11 greater odds of having FSD.

CONCLUSIONS
In women with T1DM in the DCCT/EDIC, we found significant increased odds of FSD and UI with specific measures of CAN. In long-standing T1DM, CAN may predict development of FSD and may be a useful surrogate for generalized diabetic autonomic neuropathy.
Violent Landscape: Global Explosions and Lao Life-Worlds
Authors: High Holly 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Laos, a small country tucked into the heart of Southeast Asia, seems an unlikely target for the world’s most intensive bombing campaign. But from the 1950s to the 1970s, the U.S. intervened in Laos to combat the local communist forces and to attempt to stop the flow of North Vietnamese supplies through Lao territory, an intervention prompted by a particularly “global” outlook. The U.S. military intervention was characterised by tactics that pitted science and technology against the local terrain, weather, and vegetation. The Lao landscape was a violent landscape during this era, as it was entangled as both agent and object in the conflict. The U.S. war on nature in Laos remains a salient part of contemporary Laos, as the country grapples with perhaps the world’s most serious unexploded ordnance problem. Thus today, the Lao landscape is violent in yet another sense: past violence is incorporated into today’s land. This is reflected in local retellings of the violence and devastation of the era, stories that stress images of the loss of natural wilderness.
Energy Transition and CO
2
Emissions in Southern Europe: Italy and Spain (1861-2000)
Authors: Bartoletto Silvana , Rubio M.d.Mar 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

This article examines energy consumption, the transition from organic to fossil energy carriers, and the consequent emissions of CO
2
over a period of almost 150 years (1861-2000) in Italy and Spain. The author's reconstruction and analysis of CO
2
emissions are based on new series of energy consumption including both traditional and modern energy carriers. The article shows that traditional energy carriers should also be taken into account in long run series of pollution intensity of energy use, pollution intensity of the economy, decarbonisation, and other indicators in order to achieve a clearer interpretation of the processes involved. In this work, the authors first present time series of primary energy consumption, final energy consumption, and energy intensities of Italy and Spain for the period 1861-2000. Then several CO
2
indicators for both countries are introduced: total emissions, emissions per capita, pollution intensity of energy (decarbonisation) and pollution intensity. The aim is to investigate whether a decoupling of CO
2
emissions, economic growth, and per capita energy consumption can be observed historically: if so, what the factors underlying this development are. Last but not least, these findings could be used to draw some conclusions on further potential development paths, and notably as to whether it is possible to consume more energy per capita and produce more output per capita at lower levels of emissions.

Finally, the authors employ a Divisia index perfect decomposition analysis to scrutinize differences in totalemissions between the two countries. Decomposition analysis, particularly Divisia index based decomposition, has found application in a wide array of fields: aggregate energy indexes, total energy-related CO
2
, CO
2
per unit of GDP. To reach an in-depth understanding of the forces underlying different trends in CO
2
emissions, however, decomposition analysis will have to be at the per capita level.
An Environmental History of Nacre and Pearls: Fisheries, Cultivation and Commerce
Authors: Cariño Micheline , Monteforte Mario 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Pearls are the most ancient gems known in history. Nacre became an important raw material used in various industries during the nineteenth century. Both products came from the world's tropical seas, in pearling regions whose resources and people were exploited by local and foreign businessmen. We distinguish eleven pearling regions. These were opened to fisheries at different times in three historical periods, each marked by phases of wealth and scarcity.
The world history of nacre and pearl fisheries, culture, and trade is the history of the efforts of divers and sailors, the tenacity of scientists striving to elucidate the phenomenon of pearl formation, the ambition and greed of empresarios seduced by the luster and commercial value of pearls, as well as the marketing and selling techniques specific to these commodities. It is the history of environmental modifications induced by humans as they strove to gain profit from the most valuable natural marine resource that ever existed. In this essay we highlight the role played by capitalism in the intensification of pearls and nacre harvesting that brought the resource to speedy exhaustion. We also illustrate the positive results of the application of scientific research based on sustainability principles to production. Our historical approach to pearling has led us to two fundamental conclusions: 1. It is possible to aim at sustainability in the profitable use of renewable natural resources, and 2. Environmental history can reveal the conditions under which this has been possible. Our intention here is also to show that environmental history is an approach allowing historical syntheses, the incorporation of vast comparative analyses, and the fleshing out of explanations of economic and social processes with an understanding of the natural resources that sustain these processes. Finally, this work looks to filling up the great gap in knowledge that afflicts the history of the sea.
Local People and the Global Tiger: An Environmental History of the Sundarbans
Authors: Chakrabarti Ranjan 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The present article investigates the significance of the Sundarbans as a natural reserve or buffer area (a resource of yet unknown magnitude) in pre-colonial, colonial and post-colonial South Asia. In pre-colonial India this region was, by and large, outside the purview of the state and occasionally served as a natural reserve in more ways than one. In British India the vast mangrove swamp of the Sundarbans became an important location where European “Selves” and Indian “Others” started interacting. The Sundarbans jungle became the object of European thoughts and actions. A new systematic endeavour to manage this unknown and unique natural frontier began under the forceful thrust of European enlightenment. This quest for knowledge went on throughout colonial rule and even after Indian independence in 1947. The British colonial government sought to manage an area they had little understanding of, and hence incurred in a series of unforeseen problems which posed new challenges to the colonial project in the Sundarbans. In this area, the tiger had always been at the centre of people's economic, social, cultural and religious life. This was the case in the past and still is today. During the Raj, the colonial drive to maximize revenue forced the inhabitants of the Sundarbans to come face to face with the tigers. In post-colonial India, the introduction of Project Tiger turned the Sundarbans into a local theatre of a larger campaign.
The present paper also seeks to explore the complex pattern of the production of knowledge and its short term and long-term implications. I argue that the human endeavour to manage unknown frontiers often produces new complications and brings to fresh engagements with new unforeseen challenges. This is all the more true of the last quarter of the twentieth century, when the impact of capitalism, politics and science was more distinctly felt at the global level. In the 1960’s and 70’s European wildlife biologists made a strong case of the fact that only in the forests of India and the mangrove swamps of the Sundarbans there were tigers in sufficient numbers for an effort to save this endangered species to have any likelihood of succeeding. The rhetoric of wildlife conservation fuelled a universal campaign which disregarded local knowledge systems. This campaign led to the launching, in 1973, of Project Tiger in nine reserve forests of India, including the Sundarbans. Project Tiger led to friction between the universal/global and the local, giving rise to new unexpected troubles which needed to be addressed.
Postponed Leap in Carbon Dioxide Emissions: The Impact of Energy Efficiency, Fuel Choices and Industrial Structure on the Finnish Energy Economy, 1800-2005
Authors: Kunnas Jan , Myllyntaus Timo 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The article examines the growth and composition of energy consumption in Finland in the 19th and 20th centuries, focusing on energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. It is based on the results of a research project that estimated the energy production and consumption of Finland since 1800 and calculated the country's energy balance, including both commercial and non-commercial energy sources. The article argues that, among European countries, Finland was “odd-man out” because it industrialized by means of renewable, indigenous energy sources. Only in the 1960s, in its mature phase of industrialization, did the country switch from indigenous energy sources – fuel wood, wood refuse and hydropower – to imported fossil fuels. The article analyses why Finland differed from the general model for such a long time and why it joined the ranks of other countries in a fairly short period.
History and Governance in the Ngorongoro Conservation Area Tanzania: 1959-1966
Authors: Rogers Peter J. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
This article investigates the early history of the Ngorongoro Conservation Area (NCA), Tanzania, during the late 1950s and early 1960s, a period which has been overlooked in almost all the literature on the NCA. The article develops a governance perspective to argue that the NCA was heavily influenced by international thinking about wildlife conservation and Maasai pastoralism, and thus what was intended to be a multiple land use area was instead managed primarily as a national park. Several key episodes in this early history are dealt with in detail – the creation of the NCA; its early management difficulties; the role of Henry Fosbrooke, the NCA’s first Conservator; the impact of the international 1961 Arusha Conference on wildlife conservation; and the Canadian-funded management planning process of the mid-1960s. This leads to an exploration of some of the links between this period and contemporary practices in the NCA, and how practices of governance established over forty years ago still play a significant role in the present day. The case of the NCA illustrates the importance of appreciating the complexity of protected area governance and histories.
Macroeconomic and Environmental History: The Impact of Currency Depreciation on forests in British India, 1873-1893
Authors: Sivramkrishna Sashi 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The impact of the macroeconomic context, particularly monetary disturbances, on the environment has been hitherto ignored in the study of Indian environmental history. The links between macroeconomics and the environment, however, have been extensively studied and debated in recent times in connection with the structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) that many developing countries have been induced to adopt. A closer examination of India’s monetary history reveals that there exist many similarities between the effects of SAPs and those of monetary disturbances in the last quarter of the nineteenth century due to the depreciation of the rupee. This paper traces out how an exogenously induced change in the macroeconomic environment may have led to policies that prompted increased deforestation. Moreover, in the private sector too the depreciation of rupee may have led to higher levels of investment and exports of environmentally sensitive products, further accentuating the adverse impact on forests. Although not conclusive in quantitative terms, this study nonetheless attempts to show that colonial policies cannot be studied from a purely ideological, political, or real-economic point of view; the macroeconomy, particularly monetary variables that were sometimes beyond control of governments, may also have induced changes in deforestation rates.
Agroecosystem, Peasants, and Conflicts: Environmental History in Spain at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century
Authors: Ortega Santos Antonio 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In Spain, environmental history has evolved from 1980s agrarian history. One of its principal aims is to create a framework for the interpretation of the metabolism between agro-ecosystems and rural communities. The present essay deals with the energy balance of agrarian systems, inequality of access to goods and environmental revenues, and competition over the natural resources of human communities since the middle of the nineteenth century. Another important field of interest that has been gaining increasing importance is the study of the impact of privatization on the access to common environmental goods, and social resistance to this privatization, a result of the mercantilization of rural economies and the assigning of monetary value to resources previously subject to customary ways of management. Spanish environmental history shares this social-environmental bent with other emergent historiographies worldwide.
“Bridging Divides for Water”: The 5th World Water forum (WWf) and the Alternative Water forum
Authors: Ferragina Eugenia 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
The article reports on the activities and debates of the 5th World Water Forum held at Istanbul in March 2009. The Forum saw the participation of various international and financial organizations, and marked a further stage in the debate on the actions the international community needs to take for the sustainable management of water resources. The Forum’s title, “Bridging Divides for Water”, is a testimony of the centrality of the issue of unequal access to water resources at global level. The other themes regarded other major issues such as social inequalities and water as a denied right, the effects of climate change, water security, and water management and policies.
Environmental Change and Chronic Famine in Manbhum, Bengal District, 1860-1910
Authors: Mahato Nirmal Kumar 
Published: June 2016

Abstract

The present paper examines the chronic occurrence of famine in Manbhum after the 1860s due to environmental degradation. Colonial intervention from the late 18th century onwards led to a process of transformation of the area. Ecological intervention was the prime factor behind this transformation. The agrarian conquest of Manbhum in the 19th century not only changed the local land use pattern, it transformed the agrarian structure and led to deforestation. The increase in commodity production and the expansion of monoculture badly shook the ecological balance of the area. Environmental change ultimately led to water and nutritional crises. The denudation of forests deprived people of alternative food sources during scarcity. Though the British idea of progress was based on agricultural advancement, this was carried out at the expense of the forest and was quite unsuited to the characteristics of the area. In general, monocultures of short-lived annual plants, a typical agricultural strategy in temperate zones, are inappropriate for tropical regions. The sustainable economy of the local
adivasis
(aboriginals) was permanently destabilised, and the district made vulnerable to famine. In the late 19th century the area faced several harsh famines. The
adivasis
tried to survive on the products of what was left of the jungle as their paddy crops failed. They not only collected starchy root tubers such as
pan alu
, a wild variety of
ole
(
Amophophallus campanulatus
[Araceae]), and others, and the flowers of the
mahua
(
Madhuca indica
, Gmelin [Combretaceae]) as a primary food source from forests, and tamarind leaves (
Tamarindus indica
L., Family Leguminosae) as spice, but also cultivated indigenous low-cost cereals such as
eri
,
gundlu
,
marua
,
sama
, and others for survival. These cereals, although their yields were low, could be cultivated even under drought conditions because of their low water requirements (
jowar
,
bazra
and
ragi
were also used for the same purpose).
Looking Back to Move Forward: Using History to Understand the Consensual Forest Management Model in the Terai, Nepal
Authors: Pravat Poshendra Satyal 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Forest management policy in Nepal’s Terai region has witnessed increasing conflicts and contested debates, particularly over who should manage the region’s valuable forests. While the government advocates collaborative management in the form of a partnership between the government itself and the local communities, community forestry activists oppose this model and argue instead for total community control of local forests. One way of overcoming this policy impasse is to look back and reflect on how past forest politics and policy affected local people and forests. This paper attempts to explore historically the impacts of past forest politics and policy on social equity and ecology, in hopes to provide an insightful opening to a more reasoned discussion. It is suggested that past forest politics and policies may continue to influence the forest bureaucracy in Nepal and, hence, shape present-day forest management in the Terai. The paper argues that Terai forestry has historically been an inequitable sector, principally benefiting the state and the ruling class, with ordinary Nepali people not receiving a fair share of the benefits. In the context of the rapidly changing political transformation in Nepal, with major political actors, including the Maoists, agreeing to a major restructuring of the state, the paper argues that it would be a blunder to overlook the history of Terai forestry, in particular issues that have a bearing upon transparent and accountable forest governance. It is argued that more open, proactive and deliberative dialogue between the various stakeholders of Terai forestry is the key to exploring and understanding the intricacies of the consensual model of forest management in the region.