bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
‘Burglar alarms’ and the making of social risks
Authors: Chan Chi Kit 
Published: September 2017

Purpose
This paper explicates news making process of social risks in the midst of inconclusive social facts and contested interpretation of social consequences. Specifically, the author aims to investigate how journalists perform the normative role of “Burglar Alarms” – raising social concern to risks and problems amid uncertainties stemming from risk society. Shedding light on the controversies of “tourism capacity” in Hong Kong, this study unravels how news discourses represented the social risks of “outnumbered” Chinese tourists amid ambiguous facts and questionable credibility of news sources. Content analysis of news discourses and interviews with journalists showed that there are emerging journalistic practices – namely, witnessing performativity and opinionated objectivity – to construct social risks in view of less credible news sources, volatile public opinion and highly speculative news events.

Design/methodology/approach
Content analysis of news discourses was represented in the press and in-depth interviews with journalists.

Findings
Content analysis of news discourses and interviews with journalists showed that there are emerging journalistic practices – namely, witnessing performativity and opinionated objectivity – to construct social risks in view of less credible news sources, volatile public opinion and highly speculative news events.

Originality/value
Informed by the theory of risk society, this paper explores how journalists set out the “Burglar Alarms” of social risks by constructing social facts in the midst of questionable authorities and limited expert advice. Instead of relying on authoritative interpretation of social risks, journalists performed as the witnesses to the “reality” of social risks and problems, however selective and interpretative, to the audience. They also articulated to the general will of the people and selective representation of everyday life experience so as to justify their opinionated news angle and the pledge to news objectivity.
Synergistic effects of interferon‐beta and nivolumab in oral mucosal melanoma
Authors: Fusumae Takayuki , Kamiya Koji , Chiang Binluen , Okada Hirofumi , Nakano Naomi , Maekawa Takeo , Komine Mayumi , Murata Satoru , Ohtsuki Mamitaro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMucosal melanoma is a rare aggressive cancer with a very poor prognosis. Clinical and pathological characteristics of mucosal melanoma differ from those of cutaneous melanoma and there are no established management guidelines for mucosal melanoma. Complete surgical excision is one of the most effective treatments for localized lesions, while targeted therapies and immunotherapies, such as monoclonal antibodies that target cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte‐associated molecule‐4, and the programmed death (PD)‐1/PD‐ligand 1 pathway inhibitors, are treatment options for unresectable or metastatic lesions. Here, we describe the case of a patient with oral mucosal melanoma with multiple metastases. In our case, local injection of interferon (IFN)‐β with dacarbazine–nimustine–vincristine therapy provided antitumor effects on an invasive tumor on the upper gingiva. Nivolumab therapy produced complete remission of lymph node and bone metastases. In contrast, the remaining in situ portion of oral mucosal melanoma on the hard palate was refractory to IFN‐β monotherapy and nivolumab therapy. However, after administration of nivolumab, peritumoral injection of IFN‐β showed rapid therapeutic effects. Our case suggested that nivolumab upregulated the antitumor effects of IFN‐β, which induced the recruitment of CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment contributing to the deletion of tumor cells. Combination therapy of IFN‐β and nivolumab may be a potential treatment option for patients with oral mucosal melanoma.
Testing the stability of behavioural coping style across stress contexts in the Trinidadian guppy
Authors: Houslay Thomas M. , Vierbuchen Maddalena , Grimmer Andrew J. , Young Andrew J. , Wilson Alastair J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Within populations, individuals can vary in stress response, a multivariate phenomenon comprising neuroendocrine, physiological and behavioural traits.

Verbal models of individual stress “coping style” have proposed that the behavioural component of this variation can be described as a single axis, with each individual's coping style being consistent across time and stress contexts.

Focusing on this behavioural component of stress response and combining repeated measures of multiple traits with a novel multivariate modelling framework, we test for the existence of coping style variation and assess its stability across contexts in the Trinidadian guppy (Poecilia reticulata).

Specifically, we test the following hypotheses: (1) there exists repeatable among‐individual behavioural (co)variation (“personality”) within a mild stress context consistent with a risk‐averse–risk‐prone continuum of behavioural coping style, (2) there is population‐level plasticity in behaviour as a function of stressor severity, (3) there is among‐individual variation in plasticity (i.e. IxE), and (4) the presence of IxE reduces cross‐context stability of behavioural coping style.

We found significant repeatable among‐individual behavioural (co)variation in the mild stress context (open field trial), represented as an I matrix. However, I was not readily described by a simple risk‐averse–risk‐prone continuum as posited by the original coping style model. We also found strong evidence for population‐level changes in mean behaviour with increasing stressor severity (simulated avian and piscine predation risks).

Single‐trait analyses did show the presence of individual‐by‐environment interactions (IxE), as among‐individual cross‐context correlations were significantly less than +1. However, multitrait analysis revealed the consequences of this plasticity variation were minimal. Specifically, we found little evidence for changes in the structure of I between mild and moderate stress contexts overall, and only minor changes between the two moderate contexts (avian vs. piscine predator).

We show that a multivariate approach to assessing changes in among‐individual (co)variance across contexts can prevent the over‐interpretation of statistically significant, but small, individual‐by‐environment effects. While behavioural flexibility enables populations (and individuals) to respond rapidly to changes in the environment, multivariate personality structure can be conserved strongly across such contexts.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Co‐ingestion of aspirin and acetaminophen promoting fulminant liver failure: A critical review of Reye syndrome in the current perspective at the dawn of the 21st century
Authors: Dinakaran Deepak , Sergi Consolato M 
Published: September 2017

SummaryIn the paediatric population, there is some evidence of possible interaction, synergism, and co‐toxicity of aspirin and acetaminophen. The toxicity of salicylates such as aspirin in this population is well known and documented, specifically in the form of Reye syndrome. The possible toxic synergism with aspirin and acetaminophen, however, is not previously described; though case reports suggest such co‐toxicities with low levels of aspirin and other compounds can exist. In vitro studies into mechanistic processes of salicylate toxicity propose that there is a bi‐directional link and potentiation with glutathione (GSH) depletion and salicylate toxicity. Data may suggest a plausible explanation for salicylate and acetaminophen toxic synergism. Further studies investigating this potential toxic synergism are warranted. Given the lack of awareness in the clinical community about potential toxic synergism between these relatively common medications, caution is advised in the co‐administration of these drugs, particularly in communities using natural or alternative therapy.
Achieving environmental flows where buyback is constrained
Authors: Adamson David , Loch Adam 
Published: September 2017

Theory suggests that the development of common property increases national welfare, and consistent with this thinking Australia's Murray–Darling Basin (MDB) Plan uses a common property approach to recover environmental water rights in the national interest. Two water recovery instruments are used: purchasing water rights (buyback) from farmers, and saving water by subsidising irrigator adoption of technically efficient technology. A moratorium on buyback has focused environmental recovery on subsidised technically efficient technology adoption. Economists argue that national welfare is maximised via buyback and highlight the limitations of efficiency savings to recover sufficient environmental water. A risk is that water recovery targets may be reduced in future, limiting welfare gains from water reform. This article evaluates possible welfare trade‐offs surrounding environmental water recovery outcomes where arbitrary limits on buyback are imposed. Results suggest that, on average, strategies which attempt to obtain >1500 gigalitres (GL) of water from on‐farm efficiency investments will only provide sufficient resources to meet environmental objectives in very wet states of nature. We conclude that reliance on technically efficient irrigation infrastructure is less economically efficient relative to water buyback. Importantly, the transformation of MDB irrigation will significantly constrain irrigators' future capacity to adapt to climate change.
Feedback Loops as Dynamic Processes of Organizational Knowledge Creation in the Context of the Innovations’ Front‐end
Authors: Akbar Hammad , Baruch Yehuda , Tzokas Nikolaos 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFeedback loops are instrumental in the organizational knowledge creation (OKC) process across the highly uncertain and dynamic innovation's front‐end. Therefore, managers should be aware of how these loops unfold, how to recognize meaningful patterns and how to steer them towards planned and emergent outcomes. Easy to say, difficult to practise! This empirical paper focuses on knowledge–conceptualization – the new knowledge's generation‐crystallization journey – and develops a unique model of feedback loops as dynamic processes of OKC in the context of the innovations’ front‐end. Using ten qualitatively studied innovations, the authors identify five front‐end OKC stages (generation, evaluation, expansion, refinement and crystallization) and pattern these based on their overlaps to explore the associated feedback loops. This model distinctively illustrates increasing–decreasing, diverging–converging and frequent negative‐cum‐positive loops, and illuminates the complex and rich patterns of loops not captured before.
Trends in Use of Risk‐Reducing Mastectomy in a Context of Celebrity Decisions and Media Coverage: An Observational Study in the United States and Australia
Authors: Mao Jialin , Jorm Louisa , Sedrakyan Art 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveTo examine trends in risk‐reducing mastectomy (RRM) and immediate breast reconstruction in New York State and New South Wales, especially before and after Angelina Jolie's announcement of her surgery in 2013.Data SourceHospital discharge data, 2004–2014.Study DesignTrends in procedures were assessed using Poisson regression and the Cochrane–Armitage test.Data Extraction MethodsExtracted using procedure codes.Principal FindingsThere was an increase in RRM procedures after May 2013 in both regions, with a peak during late 2013–early 2014. The average bimonthly RRM procedures were significantly higher after Jolie's announcement than before.ConclusionsIn both countries, we found a substantial increase of RRM after Jolie's announcement, highlighting the impact of celebrity health care coverage on preventive surgical choice and the need for decision aids to assist patients.
Heterogeneity of Long‐run Technical Efficiency of German Dairy Farms: A Bayesian Approach*
Authors: Skevas Ioannis , Emvalomatis Grigorios , Brümmer Bernhard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn parametric efficiency studies, two alternative approaches exist to provide an estimate of the long‐run efficiency of firms: the dynamic stochastic frontier model and the generalised true random‐effects model. We extend the former in order to allow for heterogeneity in the long‐run technical efficiency of firms. This model is based on potential differences in firm‐specific characteristics and in firms’ inefficiency persistence. The model is applied to an unbalanced micro‐panel of German dairy farms over the period 1999 to 2009. Estimation of long‐run technical efficiency and inefficiency persistence is based on an output distance function representation of the production technology and estimated in a Bayesian framework. The results suggest that heterogeneity in long‐run technical efficiency of farms is mostly attributed to discrepancies in farm‐specific factors rather than differences in farms’ inefficiency persistence. Farm size is positively related to long‐run technical efficiency while subsidies exert a negative effect on the long‐run technical efficiency of farms. Inefficiency persistence is found to be very high, but heterogeneity in this persistence is low.
The Big Short: Short Selling Activity and Predictability in House Prices
Authors: Saffi Pedro A.C. , Vergara‐Alert Carles 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe study how investors can use financial securities to speculate on the decrease of house prices. Unlike most asset types, houses are subject to high trading frictions and cannot be sold short directly. Using U.S. equity lending data from 2006 through 2013, we find evidence that an increase in the short selling activity of real estate investment trusts (REITs) forecasts a decrease in house prices in the subsequent month. The magnitude and significance of this effect vary with the geographical location of the REITs' underlying properties and with the housing cycle.
Gene therapy with the TRF1 telomere gene rescues decreased TRF1 levels with aging and prolongs mouse health span
Authors: Derevyanko Aksinya , Whittemore Kurt , Schneider Ralph P. , Jiménez Verónica , Bosch Fàtima , Blasco Maria A. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe shelterin complex protects telomeres by preventing them from being degraded and recognized as double‐strand DNA breaks. TRF1 is an essential component of shelterin, with important roles in telomere protection and telomere replication. We previously showed that TRF1 deficiency in the context of different mouse tissues leads to loss of tissue homeostasis owing to impaired stem cell function. Here, we show that TRF1 levels decrease during organismal aging both in mice and in humans. We further show that increasing TRF1 expression in both adult (1‐year‐old) and old (2‐year‐old) mice using gene therapy can delay age‐associated pathologies. To this end, we used the nonintegrative adeno‐associated serotype 9 vector (AAV9), which transduces the majority of mouse tissues allowing for moderate and transient TRF1 overexpression. AAV9‐TRF1 gene therapy significantly prevented age‐related decline in neuromuscular function, glucose tolerance, cognitive function, maintenance of subcutaneous fat, and chronic anemia. Interestingly, although AAV9‐TRF1 treatment did not significantly affect median telomere length, we found a lower abundance of short telomeres and of telomere‐associated DNA damage in some tissues. Together, these findings suggest that rescuing naturally decreased TRF1 levels during mouse aging using AAV9‐TRF1 gene therapy results in an improved mouse health span.
Immediate autologous breast reconstruction after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for breast cancer: initial results of the first 29 patients
Authors: Grinsell Damien , Pitcher Meron , Wong Shirley , Guerrieri Mario , Nielsen Hans H. M. 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundBreast reconstruction after mastectomy in the treatment of locally advanced breast cancer is often done in stages and before radiotherapy. We have previously published an algorithm for immediate free autologous reconstruction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy. This protocol was designed to provide a shorter and simpler reconstructive path whilst improving cosmesis and maintaining oncological efficiency.MethodsA total of 29 patients were included and underwent surgery for 30 cancers by the first author between 2010 and September 2015. Data were prospectively entered into a database and analysed for tumour size, chemotherapeutic response, lymph node involvement, surgical complications and tumour recurrence.ResultsThe mean age was 55 ± 7 years. Eighty percent of patients had either a partial or complete chemotherapeutic response defined as >25% decrease in tumour size. Twenty‐eight patients had free abdominal tissue transfer. One patient was excluded due to advanced disease. There were no take‐backs due to microsurgical issues. One patient was reoperated on for a haematoma. Four patients had recurrent cancer during follow‐up, three of whom are deceased.ConclusionMany, but not all, breast reconstructive surgeons consider autologous reconstruction as the ‘gold’ standard in the presence of radiotherapy. Rearranging the order of radiotherapy and surgery means operating in a recently irradiated field. We believe the surgical challenges are outweighed by a shorter and simpler reconstructive journey that additionally results in a better cosmesis. It is possible to perform immediate free autologous reconstruction after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and preoperative radiotherapy with excellent results and at least equivalent oncological efficacy.
Effect of the proportion of roughage fed as rolled and baled hay on repressing wool‐biting behavior in housed sheep
Authors: Huang Chen‐Yu , Takeda Ken‐ichi 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWool‐biting behavior in housed sheep is a serious animal welfare problem and is difficult to control. Since we have found that sheep fed on rolled hay performed less post‐feeding wool‐biting than those fed on baled hay, here we mixed these two kinds of hay in four different proportions (0%, 33%, 67% and 100% of rolled hay) to test the effect of rolled hay on repressing wool‐biting behavior. We also measured the pulling force needed to remove a piece of rolled hay, baled hay, wool and fresh grass. Wool‐biting occurred most frequently in the treatment containing 0% rolled hay; however, there was no significant difference between the other three treatments. The pulling force needed to remove a piece of baled hay was significantly weaker than that for the other three objects; no other significant differences in pulling force were found. Our results suggest that the wool‐biting behavior of sheep was due to feeding frustration, which arises when they lack the appropriate oral stimulation from performing their normal foraging movement; this then redirects to the wool on their pen‐mates. Feeding sheep rolled hay, even in low quantities, can provide them with appropriate oral stimulation and was effective in repressing wool‐biting behavior.
Livestock grazing affects vernal pool specialists more than habitat generalists in montane vernal pools
Authors: Bovee Kirsten M. , Merriam Kyle E. , Gosejohan Meredith C. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractQuestionsDo livestock grazing and seasonal precipitation structure species composition in montane vernal pools? Which grazing and precipitation variables best predict cover of vernal pool specialists and species with broader habitat requirements? Is vernal pool species diversity correlated with livestock exclosure, and at what spatial scales?LocationMontane vernal pools, northeast California, USA.MethodsVegetation was sampled in 20 vernal pools, including pools where livestock had been excluded for up to 20 years We compared plant species composition, functional group composition and species diversity among sites that varied in grazing history and seasonal precipitation using CCA and LMM.ResultsAlthough vernal pool specialists were dominant in montane vernal pools, over a third of plant cover was comprised of species that occur over a broad range of wetland or upland environments. The species composition of vernal pool plant communities was influenced by both livestock grazing and precipitation patterns, however the relative effects of these environmental variables differed by functional group. Livestock exclosures favoured perennial vernal pool specialists over annual vernal pool specialists. In contrast, the cover of habitat generalists was more strongly influenced by seasonal precipitation than livestock grazing. At small spatial scales, species richness and diversity decreased as the number of years a pool had been fenced increased, but this relationship was not significant at a larger spatial scale.ConclusionsBoth livestock grazing and seasonal precipitation structure the montane vernal pool plant community. We found that livestock grazing promotes the cover of annual vernal pool specialists, but at the expense of perennial vernal pool specialists. Wetter vernal pools, however, support higher cover of wetland generalist species regardless of whether pools are grazed.
The Combination of Valsartan and Sacubitril in the Treatment of Hypertension and Heart Failure – an Update
Authors: Nielsen Peter Munch , Grimm Daniela , Wehland Markus , Simonsen Ulf , Krüger Marcus 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA novel antihypertensive drug, LCZ696 (Entresto®), has recently been introduced, which combines the action of an antagonist of the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), effectively decreasing the blood pressure, with an inhibition of neprilysin, which is responsible for metabolizing natriuretic peptides exerting antihypertensive and antifibrotic effects. In this MiniReview, we describe the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, efficacy and side effects of the combined angiotensin receptor antagonist and neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696. We summarize the effect of LCZ696 treatment of patients suffering from hypertension and heart failure (HF) and further highlight the role of this new drug as a treatment option in the future. In the earlier stages of the treatment of patients with heart failure, LCZ696 was superior in lowering the blood pressure compared to olmesartan, while the effect on blood pressure at long‐term treatment was comparable for the two drugs. The numbers of adverse effects were comparable. LCZ696 was superior to enalapril in reducing mortality, hospitalizations and HF symptoms. Adverse effects were reduced with a slower up‐titrating regimen of 6 weeks. The current results are promising and suggest that LCZ696 will be a new candidate for first‐line treatment of HF. However, it needs to be explored whether LCZ696 is safe in pregnant women, what are the effects of long‐term LCZ696 treatment on survival and whether the antifibrotic effects can be of major benefit in, for example HF with preserved ejection fraction.