bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupling of transient near infrared photonic with magnetic nanoparticle for potential dissipation-free biomedical application in brain
Authors: Sagar Vidya , Atluri V. S. R. , Tomitaka A. , Shah P. , Nagasetti A. , Pilakka-Kanthikeel S. , El-Hage N. , McGoron A. , Takemura Y. , Nair M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCombined treatment strategies based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) with near infrared ray (NIR) biophotonic possess tremendous potential for non-invasive therapeutic approach. Nonetheless, investigations in this direction have been limited to peripheral body region and little is known about the potential biomedical application of this approach for brain. Here we report that transient NIR exposure is dissipation-free and has no adverse effect on the viability and plasticity of major brain cells in the presence or absence superparamagnetic nanoparticles. The 808 nm NIR laser module with thermocouple was employed for functional studies upon NIR exposure to brain cells. Magnetic nanoparticles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic laser scattering (DLS), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Brain cells viability and plasticity were analyzed using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing system, cytotoxicity evaluation, and confocal microscopy. When efficacious non-invasive photobiomodulation and neuro-therapeutical targeting and monitoring to brain remain a formidable task, the discovery of this dissipation-free, transient NIR photonic approach for brain cells possesses remarkable potential to add new dimension.
Allelic Variation of the Capsule Promoter Diversifies Encapsulation and Virulence In Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Wen Zhensong , Liu Yanni , Qu Fen , Zhang Jing-Ren 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe polysaccharide capsule is the major virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus), a major human pathogen. The sequences in the promoter and coding regions of the capsule gene locus undergo extensive variations through the natural transformation-mediated horizontal gene transfer. The sequence variations in the coding region have led to at least 97 capsular serotypes. However, it remains unclear whether the sequence polymorphisms in the promoter region have any biological significance. In this study, we determined the sequences of the cps promoter region from 225 invasive pneumococcal isolates, and identified modular composition and remarkable inter-strain sequence variations in this region. The strain-to strain variations in the cps promoter are characterized by diversity in sequence and size, mosaic combinations of nucleotide polymorphisms and sequence modules, selective preservation of the sequence combinations, and promiscuous assortments of the sequences between the promoter and coding regions. Isogenic pneumococci carrying allelic variants of the cps promoter displayed significant differences in the transcription of the capsule genes, capsule production, adhesion to host epithelial cells, anti-phagocytosis and virulence in mouse bacteremia model. This study has thus indicated that the sequence polymorphisms in the cps promoter represent a novel mechanism for fine-tuning the level of encapsulation and virulence among S. pneumoniae strains.
Network measures for protein folding state discrimination
Authors: Menichetti Giulia , Fariselli Piero , Remondini Daniel 
Published: July 2016

AbstractProteins fold using a two-state or multi-state kinetic mechanisms, but up to now there is not a first-principle model to explain this different behavior. We exploit the network properties of protein structures by introducing novel observables to address the problem of classifying the different types of folding kinetics. These observables display a plain physical meaning, in terms of vibrational modes, possible configurations compatible with the native protein structure and folding cooperativity. The relevance of these observables is supported by a classification performance up to 90%, even with simple classifiers such as discriminant analysis.
Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Candidate Genes involved in Blister Blight defense in Tea (Camellia sinensis (L) Kuntze)
Authors: Jayaswall Kuldip , Mahajan Pallavi , Singh Gagandeep , Parmar Rajni , Seth Romit , Raina Aparnashree , Swarnkar Mohit Kumar , Singh Anil Kumar , Shankar Ravi , Sharma Ram Kumar 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTo unravel the molecular mechanism of defense against blister blight (BB) disease caused by an obligate biotrophic fungus, Exobasidium vexans, transcriptome of BB interaction with resistance and susceptible tea genotypes was analysed through RNA-seq using Illumina GAIIx at four different stages during ~20-day disease cycle. Approximately 69 million high quality reads were assembled de novo, yielding 37,790 unique transcripts with more than 55% being functionally annotated. Differentially expressed, 149 defense related transcripts/genes, namely defense related enzymes, resistance genes, multidrug resistant transporters, transcription factors, retrotransposons, metacaspases and chaperons were observed in RG, suggesting their role in defending against BB. Being present in the major hub, putative master regulators among these candidates were identified from predetermined protein-protein interaction network of Arabidopsis thaliana. Further, confirmation of abundant expression of well-known RPM1, RPS2 and RPP13 in quantitative Real Time PCR indicates salicylic acid and jasmonic acid, possibly induce synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, required to overcome the virulence of E. vexans. Compendiously, the current study provides a comprehensive gene expression and insights into the molecular mechanism of tea defense against BB to serve as a resource for unravelling the possible regulatory mechanism of immunity against various biotic stresses in tea and other crops.
Tropical/Subtropical Peatland Development and Global CH4 during the Last Glaciation
Authors: Xu Hai , Lan Jianghu , Sheng Enguo , Liu Yong , Liu Bin , Yu Keke , Ye Yuanda , Cheng Peng , Qiang Xiaoke , Lu Fengyan , Wang Xulong 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKnowledge of peatland development over the tropical/subtropical zone during the last glaciation is critical for understanding the glacial global methane cycle. Here we present a well-dated ‘peat deposit-lake sediment’ alternate sequence at Tengchong, southwestern China and discuss the peatland development and its linkage to the global glacial methane cycle. Peat layers were formed during the cold Marine Isotope Stage (MIS)-2 and -4, whereas lake sediments coincided with the relatively warm MIS-3, which is possibly related to the orbital/suborbital variations in both temperature and Asian summer monsoon intensity. The Tengchong peatland formation pattern is broadly synchronous with those over subtropical southern China and other tropical/subtropical areas, but it is clearly in contrast to those over the mid-high Northern Hemisphere. The results of this work suggest that the shifts of peatland development between the tropical/subtropical zone and mid-high Northern Hemisphere may have played important roles in the glacial/interglacial global atmospheric CH4 cycles.
Opposite Associations between Individual KIAA0319 Polymorphisms and Developmental Dyslexia Risk across Populations: A Stratified Meta-Analysis by the Study Population
Authors: Shao Shanshan , Niu Yanfeng , Zhang Xiaohui , Kong Rui , Wang Jia , Liu Lingfei , Luo Xiu , Zhang Jiajia , Song Ranran 
Published: July 2016

AbstractKIAA0319 at the DYX2 locus is one of the most extensively studied candidate genes for developmental dyslexia (DD) owing to its important role in neuronal migration. Previous research on associations between KIAA0319 genetic variations and DD has yielded inconsistent results. It is important to establish a more precise estimate of the DD risk associated with these genetic variations. We carried out a meta-analysis of association studies involving KIAA0319 polymorphisms and DD risk. The results of pooled analysis indicated that none of the six investigated markers in or near the KIAA0319 gene are associated with DD. However, a stratified analysis by the study population revealed opposite associations involving KIAA0319 rs4504469 in European and Asian subgroups. The stratified analysis also showed that the KIAA0319 rs9461045 minor allele (T allele) has a protective effect in Asians. This meta-analysis has allowed us to establish the effects of specific KIAA0319 polymorphisms on DD risk with greater precision, as they vary across populations; analyzing one single nucleotide polymorphism at a time could not fully explain the genetic association for DD.
Perceptual shrinkage of a one-way motion path with high-speed motion
Authors: Nakajima Yutaka , Sakaguchi Yutaka 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBack-and-forth motion induces perceptual shrinkage of the motion path, but such shrinkage is hardly perceived for one-way motion. If the shrinkage is caused by temporal averaging of stimulus position around the endpoints, it should also be induced for one-way motion at higher motion speeds. In psychophysical experiments with a high-speed projector, we tested this conjecture for a one-way motion stimulus at various speeds (4–100 deg/s) along a straight path. Results showed that perceptual shrinkage of the motion path was robustly observed in higher-speed motion (faster than 66.7 deg/s). In addition, the amount of the forwards shift at the onset position was larger than that of the backwards shift at the offset position. These results demonstrate that high-speed motion can induce shrinkage, even for a one-way motion path. This can be explained by the view that perceptual position is represented by the integration of the temporal average of instantaneous position and the motion representation.
Characterization of long non-coding RNA transcriptome in high-energy diet induced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis minipigs
Authors: Xia Jihan , Xin Leilei , Zhu Wenjuan , Li Li , Li Chenxiao , Wang Yanfang , Mu Yulian , Yang Shulin , Li Kui 
Published: July 2016

AbstractToday, obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis are a worldwide epidemic, although how these syndromes are regulated with respect to lncRNAs remains largely unknown. Our previous studies have revealed important pathological features and molecular characteristics of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in the minipig model, and in this study, we analyze the features of lncRNAs and their potential target genes. Minipig samples only from liver were analyzed using next-generation deep sequencing. In total, we obtained 585 million raw reads approximately 70.4 Gb of high quality data. After a strict five-step filtering process, 1,179 lncRNAs were identified, including 89 differentially expressed lncRNAs (P < 0.05) in the experiment group relative to the control group. The cis and trans analysis identified target genes that were enriched for specific GO terms (P < 0.01), including immune processes, chemokine activity, cytokine activity, and G-protein coupled receptor binding, which are closely related to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The predicted protein-coding targets of the differentially expressed lncRNAs were further analyzed, such as PPAR, FADS2, DGAT2, ACAA2, CYP2E1, ADH4, and Fos. This study reveals a wealth of candidate lncRNAs involved in NASH and their regulated pathways, which should facilitate further research into the molecular mechanisms of this disorder.
Hospital-acquired hyponatremia in children: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and prevention
Authors: Kaneko Kazunari 
Published: July 2016

AbstractRecent observations have revealed that otherwise healthy children with acute illnesses are prone to hyponatremia due to increased arginine vasopressin production by non-osmotic stimuli. Concern has recently been raised about the potential for iatrogenic hyponatremia as a result of maintenance fluid therapy for those children. To minimize the risk of development of hospital-acquired hyponatremia in sick children receiving maintenance fluid therapy, the routine practice of administration of hypotonic fluids (e.g., 0.18% NaCl with 4% glucose: Na 31 mEq/L, Cl 31 mEq/L) should be abandoned. Instead, isotonic solution, such as 0.9% NaCl (Na 154 mEq/L, K 0 mEq/L, Cl 154 mEq/L) or Hartmann's solution (Na 130 mEq/L, K 4 mEq/L, Cl 110 mEq/L) should be administered. In addition, it must be noted that close monitoring of the children with daily weights, frequent vitals, strict intake and output measurement, and daily chemistries, especially during the first 72 h of parenteral fluid therapy is essential.
Alterations in cardiac autonomic function, lipid profile, and arterial stiffness in type 1 diabetic children
Authors: Shin Ki Ok , Woo Jin Hee , Yeo Nam Hwoeh , Ok Duckpil , Kang Sunghwun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe investigated whether alterations in autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity were associated with metabolic. Ten type 1 diabetic children (11.8 ± 0.8 yr) and ten healthy children (10.7 ± very low-frequency (VLF) reflecting thermogenic sympathetic function; low-frequency (LF), an indicator of sympatho-vagal activity; high-frequency (HF) reflecting parasympathetic activity exclusively; and total power (TOTAL) representing overall ANS activity. All ANS activities including thermogenic sympathetic activity were significantly decreased in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in comparison to control children (Total power, p < 0.01; LF, p < 0.01; HF, p < 0.05 and VLF, p < 0.01). Triglyceride (TG) and TG/HDL-C levels of atherogenic risk profiles were also significantly increased in T1DM children (p < 0.01 and p < 0.05, respectively). However, Fourier pulsatility index (PI) and blood flow velocity (FLOW) did not show any significant difference between groups. It was concluded that T1DM children might possess significantly lower ANS activities with elevated atherogenic risk factors in comparison with normal children even at the early stage of life. Therefore, it should consider therapies that can reduce these risk factors causing diabetic complications in childhood.
Size-dependent forced PEG partitioning into channels: VDAC, OmpC, and α-hemolysin
Authors: Aksoyoglu M. Alphan , Podgornik Rudolf , Bezrukov Sergey M. , Gurnev Philip A. , Muthukumar Murugappan , Parsegian V. Adrian 
Published: July 2016

Significance
With consequences for the selective partitioning of large molecules in cells, polymer partitioning into nanopores is instructive for single-molecule sensing as well as for polymer-assisted transport and packaging. Here we detect and analyze not only passive but also forced size-dependent partitioning of binary mixtures of differently sized PEGs. We probe three structurally different channels exhibiting forced partitioning that can be understood conceptually as well as quantitatively within a “polymers-pushing-polymers” model, allowing good estimates for the size-dependent pore penetration energy differences. Beyond proof of concept, forced partitioning in cells can now be recognized and used as a new tool for molecule-selective transport and active osmotically regulated packaging.
Reading biblical poetry
Authors: Linafelt Tod 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
“Reading biblical poetry” considers the elements of Hebrew biblical poetry and how they differ from biblical narrative: lineation and a collapsed syntax that often drops particles and pronouns to achieve compression of the line. Biblical poetry, unlike biblical narrative, is brimming with a wide range of figurative language. It alludes more freely to mythological contexts and to God’s concrete intervention in history. Biblical poetry is often presented as direct discourse, the first-person voice, and shows willingness to give access to the inner lives of its speakers. Verse was also reserved for more specialized, highly rhetorical uses and was the preferred form for the aphorism.
Connections between texts
Authors: Linafelt Tod 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
No literary work exists in a vacuum, but rather grows out of and draws on earlier works. Sometimes the relationship to those earlier works is obvious and intentional, sometimes it is less obvious but still intentional, and sometimes it is neither obvious nor intentional. “Connections between texts” focuses on the narrow form of intertextuality in the Bible, where we see later authors or texts citing, alluding to, and sometimes parodying earlier authors and texts, to explore the specific literary connections between texts. These connections contribute to the rich, sometimes conflictual, layers of meaning in biblical literature. Examples are taken from Genesis 1, Job, Lamentations, and Isaiah.
POSTOPERATIVE ENDOPHTHALMITIS CAUSED BY BOSEA thiooxidans
Authors: Dedania Vaidehi S. , Ghodasra Devon H. , Zacks David N. 
Published: July 2016

Purpose:
To report an unusual case of postcataract endophthalmitis secondary to Bosea thiooxidans.

Methods:
Case report.

Results:
An 86-year-old man presented with postoperative endophthalmitis 3 weeks after uncomplicated cataract surgery. He complained of a headache and blurry vision but denied having eye pain. Slit-lamp examination demonstrated leukocytes with a fibrinous membrane in the anterior segment and vitritis. A diagnosis of acute postoperative endophthalmitis was made, and the patient was treated with intravitreal antibiotics. Culture of vitreous tap revealed Bosea thiooxidans, a gram-negative rod found in soil and water systems.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this report is the first to describe Bosea thiooxidans endophthalmitis and one of a few reports of human infection with this microbial agent.
The Incidence of Perioperative Adverse Events in the Very Elderly Undergoing Urogynecologic Surgery
Authors: Unger Cecile A. , Hickman Lisa C. , Mitchell-Handley Blair , Barber Matthew D. , Ridgeway Beri 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
To determine the incidence of perioperative adverse events in very elderly women (age ≥ 80 years) undergoing urogynecologic procedures and to examine the effect of preoperative functional status/capacity on these outcomes.

Methods
This is a retrospective analysis of all women aged 80 years or older who underwent a urogynecologic procedure at a tertiary care specialty practice between 2006 and 2014. Subjects were identified by their Current Procedural Terminology codes and the electronic medical record was queried for demographic and perioperative data. Functional status was recorded using data from the preoperative anesthesia assessment, and included the functional status score (range, 1–4) and a functional capacity evaluation (metabolic equivalents [METs, range, 1 to 8+]).

Results
One hundred sixty-four women aged 80 years or older underwent a urogynecologic procedure during the study period. Mean age was 83 years (±3; range, 80–95 years). The median functional status was 2 (1–4) and median functional capacity was 5.5 METs (1.75–8.0). The overall postoperative adverse event rate was 18.3%; the incidence of serious events was 7.8%. Most serious events were associated with preexisting medical conditions. Presence of 3 or more comorbid conditions was associated with a higher risk of postoperative readmission, need for transfusion and deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism. Preoperative functional status and functional capacity were not associated with postoperative adverse events. Patients with METs scores of 4.5 or less were more likely to need home services or a skilled nursing facility (SNF) postoperatively compared with patients with higher scores (28.9% vs 6.7%, P < 0.0001; odds ratio, 4.3; 95% confidence interval, 1.6–11.9). Dementia was also associated with SNF admission (36.3% vs 10%; P = 0.01; odds ratio, 3.6; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–12.8).

Conclusions
The incidence of serious postoperative adverse events is low in very elderly patients undergoing urogynecologic procedures. Dementia and poor functional capacity appear to be associated with a higher need for postoperative home services or SNF admission.
The Association Between Levator-Urethra Gap Measurements and Symptoms and Signs of Female Pelvic Organ Prolapse
Authors: Kamisan Atan Ixora , Shek Ka Lai , Furtado Glefy Inacio , Caudwell-Hall Jessica , Dietz Hans Peter 
Published: July 2016

Objectives
Levator avulsion is associated with pelvic organ prolapse in women. It is diagnosed clinically by a widened gap on palpation between the insertion of the puborectalis muscle on the inferior pubic ramus and the urethra. This gap can also be assessed on imaging. This study aimed to determine the association between sonographically determined levator-urethral gap (LUG) measurements and symptoms and signs of prolapse.

Methods
This is a retrospective study on 450 women seen in a tertiary urogynecological center for symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction between January 2013 and February 2014. All had a standardized interview, International Continence Society Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification assessment and 4-dimensional translabial ultrasound. Post-imaging analysis of archived ultrasound volumes for LUG measurement was undertaken on tomographic slices at the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions and within 5-mm cranial to this plane, bilaterally at an interslice interval of 2.5 mm, blinded against all clinical data. A LUG of 25 mm or greater was considered abnormal.

Results
Mean LUG and maximum LUG in individuals were 22.5 mm (SD, 4.6) and 26.4 mm (SD, 6.0), respectively, with at least 1 abnormal LUG in 51% (n = 222). An abnormal LUG in all 3 slices involving the plane of minimal hiatal dimensions and within 5 mm cranial to this plane on at least 1 side was fulfilled in 24% (n = 103). The LUG measurements were strongly associated with bother, symptoms and signs of prolapse (P < 0.001 to 0.002). This remained significant on multivariate analysis controlling for potential confounding factors.

Conclusions
Sonographically determined LUG is strongly associated with symptoms, symptom bother, and pelvic organ prolapse on clinical examination and imaging.
What drives the polarisation and moderation of opinions? Evidence from a Finnish citizen deliberation experiment on immigration
Authors: LINDELL MARINA , BÄCHTIGER ANDRÉ , GRÖNLUND KIMMO , HERNE KAISA , SETÄLÄ MAIJA , WYSS DOMINIK 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn the study of deliberation, a largely under‐explored area is why some participants polarise their opinion after deliberation and why others moderate them. Opinion polarisation is usually considered a suspicious outcome of deliberation, while moderation is seen as a desirable one. This article takes issue with this view. Results from a Finnish deliberative experiment on immigration show that polarisers and moderators were not different in socioeconomic, cognitive or affective profiles. Moreover, both polarisation and moderation can entail deliberatively desired pathways: in the experiment, both polarisers and moderators learned during deliberation, levels of empathy were fairly high on both sides, and group pressures barely mattered. Finally, the low physical presence of immigrants in some discussion groups was associated with polarisation in the anti‐immigrant direction, bolstering longstanding claims regarding the importance ofpresencefor democratic politics.