bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of Middle Eastern dust sources on PM10 in Iran: Highlighting the impact of Tigris‐Euphrates basin sources and Lake Urmia desiccation
Authors: Sotoudeheian Saeed , Salim Reza , Arhami Mohammad 
Published: November 2016

AbstractContribution of different Middle Eastern dust origins to PM10 (PM with aerodynamic diameters less than 10 µm) levels in several receptor large cities in Iran was investigated. Initially, the major regional dust episodes were determined through statistical analysis of recorded PM levels at air quality stations and verified using satellite images. The particles dispersion was simulated by Hybrid Single‐Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) to regenerate PM10 during the dust episodes. The accuracy of the modeled results was rather convincing, with an average squared correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.7 (max = 0.95). Consequently, the contributions of different dust sources to the observed concentrations were determined. Basin of Tigris‐Euphrates Rivers encompasses active dust sources with significant rate of emission due to fluvial deposits. The sources in this basin with approximately 70–95% contribution, by far, had the most influence on PM10 levels at the receptor cities. In a finer resolution, northern and central parts of Iraq had the most influence on PM10 level during the dust episodes. Effect of probable improvement or deterioration of the current dust origin conditions on PM10 levels was analyzed by performing a sensitivity analysis through varying threshold friction velocities. The results demonstrated that 10% increase or decrease in threshold friction velocities of major dust sources could lead to average of 51% decrease or 77% increase in the receptor cities' PM10, respectively. Finally, effects of Lake Urmia desiccation, as a new hydrological prospect dust origin were analyzed. The predicted dust from the prospective dried lake bed could result in ~ 30–60% increase in PM10 of nearby cities during the studied dust episodes.
Effect of Strain Rate on Tensile Testing of Geogrid Reinforcements Using Single‐Rib and Wide‐Rib Specimen
Authors: Hegazy R. , Mahmoud G. M. , Hasan Ebtisam H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA geogrid is geosynthetic high‐density polyethylene material used to reinforce soils and similar materials. It is valuable tool in transportation and civil construction. Geogrids allow engineers to build where it otherwise would not be possible or would be cost prohibitive using traditional methods. The tensile test of the geogrid is the most important test of this product. ISO 10319 “Geosynthetics‐Wide‐Width tensile test” uses wide‐width specimen 20 mm wide; the gripping of this wide sample is difficult and need special gripping. This study aims to develop and validate a method for testing single‐rib specimen, instead of wide specimen using 150 samples of geogrids, and six different speeds. The statistical analysis of the results showed that testing of single rib at the speed of 100 mm/min (method under validation) gave matched and compatible results of wide‐rib specimen testing at the speed of 25 mm/min (reference method), where the variance value of these two methods is not significant.
External‐Ligand‐Free Aerobic Oxidation of N‐ and C‐Containing Cyclic Systems under Pd‐Catalyzed Conditions
Authors: Wang Yue , Li Caifeng , Huang Jianhui 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA convenient aerobic oxidation of N‐ and C‐containing heterocycles using a readily available inorganic base (KOtBu) in the presence of a Pd catalyst is reported. A range of N‐containing heteroaromatic compounds as well as a number of anilines have been successfully prepared in good yields. This cost‐efficient synthesis has opened the pathway toward a potential application for the synthesis of a variety of other useful heteroaromatic compounds.
Highly Efficient Brønsted Acidic Ionic Liquid Promoted Direct Diazenylation of Pyrazolones with Aryltriazenes under Mild Conditions
Authors: Zhang Yonghong , Hu Haiyan , Liu Chen‐Jiang , Cao Dawei , Wang Bin , Sun Yadong , Abdukader Ablimit 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWe report the first Brønsted acidic ionic liquid (IL) promoted reaction of 5‐pyrazolones with aryltriazenes to prepare arylazopyrazolones. The reaction was carried out with the aryltriazenes as diazotizing agents, water as the solvent, and the ionic liquid as the promoter at room temperature under air and metal‐free conditions. The desired products were obtained in good to excellent yields. Notably, a gram‐scale experiment and a late‐stage diazenylation reaction of a pharmaceutical derivative also furnished the desired products under mild conditions.
Techniques for transcatheter retrieval of the occlutech ASD device United Kingdom–European multicenter report
Authors: Shebani Suhair O , Rehman Rizwan , Taliotis Demetris , Magee Alan , Hayes Nicholas J , Baspinar Osman , Martínez Zunzunegui , Haas Nikolaus , Duke Christopher 
Published: November 2016

AimsTo gather current experience in Occlutech ASD device retrieval, to determine whether snaring is an effective technique and to highlight alternative retrieval techniques;Methods and ResultsUnited Kingdom and European Occlutech ASD device implanters reported their experience in dealing with device embolization and retrieval. Six operators reported 12 retrieval cases. Retrieval was successful in 92% (11/12), although in most cases it was not straightforward and required multiple attempts using different techniques and equipment. When each different technique or equipment combination was considered separately, there were a total of 23 retrieval attempts. Fifteen attempts involved snaring the ball on the right atrial disc of the device (“the RA pin”). In 12/15 of these attempts the snare slipped off the RA pin. In 8/15 attempts snaring eventually failed. In two cases retrieval was facilitated by elongating the device in a blood vessel. In three cases retrieval was achieved by grasping the RA pin with the jaws of the Occlutech Flex II delivery cable;ConclusionsSnares do not grip the RA pin sufficiently to reliably retrieve the device. Funnelling the device into a blood vessel or grasping the RA pin with the jaws of the delivery cable may be successful alternatives. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Examination of Huntington's disease with atypical clinical features in a Bangladeshi family tree
Authors: Al‐Mamun Md Mahfuz , Sarker Suprovath Kumar , Qadri Syeda Kashfi , Shirin Tahmina , Mohammad Quazi Deen , LaRocque Regina , Karlsson Elinor K. , Saha Narayan , Asaduzzaman Muhammad , Qadri Firdausi , Mannoor Md Kaiissar 
Published: November 2016

Key Clinical MessageAtypical manifestation of Huntington's disease (HD) could inform ongoing research into HD genetic modifiers not present in the primarily European populations studied to date. This work demonstrates that expanding HD genetic testing into under‐resourced healthcare settings can benefit both local communities and ongoing research into HD etiology and new therapies.
Selective Synthesis of 1,2‐Diarylpyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5,7‐diones via Cyclization Reaction of β‐Enamino Imides with Cinnamaldehydes
Authors: Jiang Yanhong , Yan Chaoguo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe novel 1,2‐diaryl substituted pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5,7‐diones were selectively synthesized in high yields by the base catalyzed cyclization reaction of 3‐arylamino‐1‐methyl‐1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐diones with cinnamaldehyde and its derivatives in acetonitrile at room temperature. However, when piperidinium trifluoroacetate was employed as catalyst, the reaction afforded a mixture of 1,2‐diaryl and 1,4‐diaryl substituted pyrrolo[3,4‐b]pyridine‐5,7‐diones in comparable yields.
Resonance Raman Study of New Pyrrole‐Anchoring Dyes for NiO‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Summers Gareth H. , Lowe Grace , Lefebvre Jean‐François , Ngwerume Simbarashe , Bräutigam Maximilian , Dietzek Benjamin , Camp Jason E. , Gibson Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThree dyes for p‐type dye‐sensitised solar cells containing a novel doubly anchored pyrrole donor group were synthesised and their solar cell performances were evaluated. Dye 1 was comprised of a phenyl–thiophene linker and a maleonitrile acceptor, which has been established as an effective motif in other push–pull dyes. Two boron dipyrromethane analogues, dyes 2 and 3, were made with different linker groups to compare their effect on the behaviour of these dyes adsorbed onto nickel oxide (dye|NiO) under illumination. The photoexcited states of dye|NiO were probed using resonance Raman spectroscopy and compared to dyes anchored using the conventional 4‐aminobenzoic acid moiety (P1 and 4). All three components, the anchor, the linker and the acceptor group were found to alter both the electronic structure following excitation and the overall solar cell performance. The bodipy acceptor gave a better performance than the maleonitrile acceptor when the pyrrole anchor was used, which is the opposite of the triphenylamine push–pull dyes. The linker group was found to have a large influence on the short‐circuit current and efficiency of the p‐type cells constructed.
Repeatability of individual migration routes, wintering sites, and timing in a long‐distance migrant bird
Authors: van Wijk Rien E. , Bauer Silke , Schaub Michael 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMigratory birds are often faithful to wintering (nonbreeding) sites, and also migration timing is usually remarkably consistent, that is, highly repeatable. Spatiotemporal repeatability can be of advantage for multiple reasons, including familiarity with local resources and predators as well as avoiding the costs of finding a new place, for example, nesting grounds. However, when the environment is variable in space and time, variable site selection and timing might be more rewarding. To date, studies on spatial and temporal repeatability in short‐lived long‐distance migrants are scarce, most notably of first‐time and subsequent migrations. Here, we investigated repeatability in autumn migration directions, wintering sites, and annual migration timing in Hoopoes (Upupa epops), a long‐distance migrant, using repeated tracks of adult and first‐time migrants. Even though autumn migration directions were mostly the same, individual wintering sites often changed from year to year with distances between wintering sites exceeding 1,000 km. The timing of migration was repeatable within an individual during autumn, but not during spring migration. We suggest that Hoopoes respond to variable environmental conditions such as north–south shifts in rainfall during winter and differing onset of the food availability during spring migration.
Physical calculations of resistance to water loss improve predictions of species range models
Authors: Riddell Eric A. , Apanovitch Evan K. , Odom Jonathan P. , Sears Michael W. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSpecies ranges are constrained by the physiological tolerances of organisms to climatic conditions. By incorporating physiological constraints, species distribution models can identify how biotic and abiotic factors constrain a species' geographic range. Rates of water loss influence species distributions, but characterizing water loss for an individual requires complex calculations. Skin resistance to water loss (ri) is considered to be the most informative metric of water loss rates because it controls for experimental biases. However, calculating ri requires biophysical equations to solve for the resistance of the air that surrounds an organism, termed the boundary layer resistance (rb). Here, we compared theoretical and empirical methods for measuring skin resistance to water loss of a Plethodon salamander collected from nature. For the empirical methods, we measured rb of agar replicas at five body sizes, two temperatures, three vapor pressure deficits, and six flow rates using a flow‐through system. We also calculated rb using biophysical equations under the same experimental conditions. We then determined the ecological implications of incorporating skin and boundary layer resistance into a species range model that estimated potential activity time and energy balance throughout the geographic range of the study species. We found that empirical methods for calculating rb resulted in negative values of ri, whereas biophysical calculations produced meaningful values of ri. The species range model determined that ignoring realistic boundary layer and skin resistances reduced average estimates of energy balance by as much as 64% and potential activity time by 88% throughout the spatial extent of the model. We conclude that the use of agar replicas is an inadequate technique to characterize skin resistance to water loss, and incorporating boundary layer and skin resistances to water loss improves estimates of activity and energetics for mechanistic species distribution models. More importantly, our study suggests that incorporating the physical processes underlying rates of water loss could improve estimates of habitat suitability for many animals.
Insight from Atomistic Simulations of Protonation Dynamics at the Nanoscale
Authors: Dreßler C. , Kabbe G. , Sebastiani D. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we give an overview of the role of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in the field of proton exchange membranes. We focus on structural and dynamical findings regarding the topology of hydrogen bond networks and proton diffusion. On the one hand, findings about water‐containing polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell materials, such as Nafion and liquid containing pore materials are discussed. On the other hand, proton conduction in water‐free systems is elucidated. Here, the focus lies on phosphonic acids, which possess a rigid structure, and polymers based on phosphonic acids.
Influences of the operational variables on electrochemical treatment of chelated Cu(II) in alkaline solutions using a membrane cell
Authors: Eivazihollagh Alireza , Bäckström Joakim , Norgren Magnus , Edlund Håkan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe electrochemical recovery of copper and chelating agent from their complex solution using a membrane flow cell was investigated. The parameters electrolysis time, solution pH, current density, and temperature were investigated.RESULTSElectrochemical investigation indicated that chelating ligands can be recovered by the electrodeposition of copper ions on the cathode. For copper and EDTA recovery, the results indicated that recovery efficiency was affected by time, current density, and temperature. The recovery process was not influenced by pH in the range studied (pH 8–12), which can be explained by the low variation in the conditional stability constant, i.e. Δlog10 K' ≤ 0.7, over the pH range. However, when NTA, EDTA, and DTPA were compared, the results indicated that the recovery efficiency decreased as the conditional stability constant of the chelating agent–Cu(II) complex increased. The maximum current efficiency of copper and EDTA recovery after 5 h of treatment was approximately 85%, whereas the recovery was 80% of the initial concentration (0.05 mol L−1) at a current density of 1 A dm−2, temperature of 333 K, and pH of 10.CONCLUSIONRelatively high recovery efficiency makes the process fairly sustainable and hinders the discharge of copper ions and chelating ligands as pollutants into the environment. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Sakacin‐A antimicrobial packaging for decreasing Listeria contamination in thin‐cut meat: preliminary assessment
Authors: Barbiroli Alberto , Musatti Alida , Capretti Giorgio , Iametti Stefania , Rollini Manuela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMinimally processed ready‐to‐eat products are considered a high‐risk food because of the possibility of contamination with pathogenic bacteria, including Listeria monocytogenes from the animal reservoir, and the minimal processing they undergo. In this study, a sakacin‐A anti‐Listeria active package was developed and tested on thin‐cut veal meat slices (carpaccio).RESULTSEnriched food‐grade sakacin‐A was obtained from a cell‐free supernatant of a Lactobacillus sakei culture and applied (0.63 mg cm−2) onto the surface of polyethylene‐coated paper sheets to obtain an active antimicrobial package. The coating retained antimicrobial features, indicating that the process did not affect sakacin‐A functionality, as evidenced in tests carried out in vitro. Thin‐cut veal meat slices inoculated with Listeria innocua (a surrogate of pathogenic L. monocytogenes) were laid on active paper sheets. After 48 h incubation at 4 °C, the Listeria population was found to be 1.5 log units lower with respect to controls (3.05 vs 4.46 log colony‐forming units (CFU) g−1).CONCLUSIONThis study demonstrates the possibility of using an antimicrobial coating containing sakacin‐A to inhibit or decrease the Listeria population in ready‐to‐eat products, thus lowering the risk of food‐related diseases. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Bromelain: from production to commercialisation
Authors: Ramli Aizi Nor Mazila , Aznan Tuan Norsyalieza Tuan , Illias Rosli Md 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBromelain is a mixture of proteolytic enzymes found in pineapple (Ananas comosus) plants. It can be found in several parts of the pineapple plant, including the stem, fruit, leaves and peel. High demand for bromelain has resulted in gradual increases in bromelain production. These increases have led to the need for a bromelain production strategy that yields more purified bromelain at a lower cost and with fewer production steps. Previously, bromelain was purified by conventional centrifugation, ultrafiltration and lyophilisation. Recently, the development of more modern purification techniques such as gel filtration, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, aqueous two‐phase extraction and reverse micelle chromatography has resulted in increased industrial bromelain production worldwide. In addition, recombinant DNA technology has emerged as an alternative strategy for producing large amounts of ultrapure bromelain. An up‐to‐date compilation of data regarding the commercialisation of bromelain in the clinical, pharmaceutical and industrial fields is provided in this review. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Study of the terpene profile at harvest and during berry development of Vitis vinifera L. aromatic varieties Aleatico, Brachetto, Malvasia di Candia aromatica and Moscato bianco
Authors: D'Onofrio Claudio , Matarese Fabiola , Cuzzola Angela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDIn this work, we evaluated the aromatic composition of berries at harvest and during the whole berry development of Aleatico, Brachetto, Malvasia di Candia aromatica and Moscato bianco grapevine varieties, which were cultivated in the same vineyard and under the same agricultural conditions.RESULTSMalvasia had a total concentration of aroma which was significantly higher than the other grapes that showed comparable amounts with each other. The class of monoterpenes was quantitatively predominant for all four grapes, in the free and in the most plentiful bound form. In Malvasia and Aleatico there was a high prevalence of geraniol derivatives throughout the entire berry development while in Brachetto and in Moscato there was a prevalence of linalool derivatives during the green phase and geraniol derivatives during ripening.CONCLUSIONThe study of the monoterpene profile allowed us to highlight similarities and differences among the four aromatic varieties and to present a hypothesis about their biosynthetic dynamics. This information is useful for further studies on gene functional characterisation and the regulation of these important berry pathways. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Factors predictive of failure to complete planned intraoperative breast radiation using the intrabeam® system
Authors: Dossett Lesly A. , Abbott Andrea M. , Sun Weihong , Loftus Loretta , Lee Marie Catherine , Diaz Roberto , Laronga Christine 
Published: November 2016

PurposeIntraoperative radiation therapy (IORT) is a form of breast irradiation that is delivered in a single session at the time of partial mastectomy. In up to 10% of patients, planned IORT is not completed; this leads to wasted resources and decreased patient satisfaction. Our objective was to evaluate factors associated with failure to complete planned IORT.Methods and MaterialsAn IRB‐approved review of planned IORT cases from 2011 to 2015 was conducted. Eligibility criteria included: age ≥60, invasive ductal or mammary carcinoma, tumor <3.0 cm, ER positive, and clinically node negative. Discontinuation of planned IORT was at the discretion of the breast surgical and radiation oncologists.ResultsTwenty‐one (15%) of one hundred and forty‐five planned IORT cases were not completed. Reasons for failure to complete IORT included inadequate applicator to skin distance (n = 15, 71%), altered wire localization findings the day of surgery (n = 4, 19%), equipment failure (n = 1, 5%), and hemodynamic instability (n = 1, 5%). Significant surgeon variability was associated with failure to complete planned IORT (P < 0.001).ConclusionsInsufficient skin‐to‐applicator spacing is the most common reason for failure to complete IORT. In this series, higher volume surgeons completed a greater proportion of IORT cases, suggesting a learning curve to patient selection or intraoperative technique. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:930–932. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Social Memory and the Resilience of Communities Affected by Land Degradation
Authors: Wilson Geoff A. , Kelly Claire L. , Briassoulis Helen , Ferrara Agostino , Quaranta Gianni , Salvia Rosanna , Detsis Vassilis , Curfs Michiel , Cerda Artemio , El‐Aich Ahmed , Liu Honghu , Kosmas Costas , Alados Concepción L. , Imeson Anton , Landgrebe‐Trinkunaite Ruta , Salvati Luca , Naumann Sandra , Danwen Hu , Iosifides Theodoros , Kizos Thanassis , Mancino Giuseppe , Nolè Angelo , Jiang Min , Zhang Pingcang 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBased on evidence collected in 22 village communities from nine study sites situated in Spain, Italy, Greece, Morocco and China, this study analyses the complex interlinkages between social memory, community resilience and land degradation. Social memory is seen as an important explanation regarding the ability of a local community to manage and cope with land degradation. Emphasis is placed on the importance of three components of social memory—rites, traditions and social learning processes—for shaping community resilience in coping with land degradation processes. The study argues that although there are subtle differences between the 22 village communities, the loss of social memory and learning pathways associated with managing land degradation is emerging as a critical factor constraining stakeholders from effectively responding to land degradation issues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.