bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the footprint representation of microwave radiance observations in an Arctic limited-area data assimilation system
Authors: Mile Máté , Guedj Stephanie , Randriamampianina Roger 
Published: September 2024

Abstract. The microwave radiances are key observations, especially over data-sparse regions, for operational data assimilation in numerical weather prediction (NWP). An often applied simplification is that these observations are used as point measurements; however, the satellite field of view may cover many grid points of high-resolution models. Therefore, we examine a solution in high-resolution data assimilation to better account for the spatial representation of the radiance observations. This solution is based on a footprint operator implemented and tested in the variational assimilation scheme of the AROME-Arctic (Application of Research to Operations at MEsoscale – Arctic) limited-area model. In this paper, the design and technical challenges of the microwave radiance footprint operator are presented. In particular, implementation strategies, the representation of satellite field-of-view ellipses, and the emissivity retrieval inside the footprint area are discussed. Furthermore, the simulated brightness temperatures and the sub-footprint variability are analysed in a case study, indicating particular areas where the use of the footprint operator is expected to provide significant added value. For radiances measured by the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A) and Microwave Humidity Sounder (MHS) sensors, the standard deviation of the observation minus background (OmB) departures is computed over a short period in order to compare the statistics of the default and the implemented footprint observation operator. For all operationally used AMSU-A and MHS tropospheric channels, it is shown that the standard deviation of OmB departures is reduced when the footprint operator is applied. For AMSU-A radiances, the reduction is around 1 % for high-peaking channels and about 4 % for low-peaking channels. For MHS data, this reduction is somewhere between 1 %–2 % by the footprint observation operator.
Falling Movements in Free Verse: Turning Back in Poems by William Carlos Williams and Sylvia Plath
Authors: Lilja Eva 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Verse rhythm is formed in a process, where reading adjusts the individual sounds of the poem. It may be perceived as a play between directions and balances. The directions can be rising or falling. Here, the author investigates four kinds of falling rhythm, which are back-structuring (the phrase is perceived as a whole), equivalences (approximate repetition), falling phrases (the stress comes first), and extensions (from a focus). In William Carlos Williams’ poem “A Red Wheelbarrow,” the line pairs form closed back-structures that are completed with the gestalts of the closed equivalences out of repeated enjambments in the middle of every line pair. In Sylvia Plath’s poem “Words,” the heavy streaming extensions in the first part turn into irregular balances in the second part, which provides a picture of depressive tranquility.
Perbandingan Produktivitas Dan Pendapatan Usahatani Jagung Berbeda Varietas
Authors: Deras Stefanus , Sembiring Surya Abadi , Duha Albertini 
Published: September 2024

Introduksi bibit varietas unggul jagung dalam kegiatan usahatani ditujukan untuk perbaikan produktivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan produktivitas dan pendapatan usahatani jagung varietas Pioner P 32 dengan varietas Pertiwi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Hilizalo’otanö, Kecamatan Mazinö, Kabu-paten Nias Selatan, dengan alasan karena sebagian besar petani mengusahakan tanam-an jagung sebagai sumber penghasilan keluarga petani. Sampel penelitian adalah petani jagung sebanyak 48 KK. Penentuan sampel dengan cara stratified random sampling berdasarkan luas lahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan produktivitas antara jagung varitas Pertiwi dan jagung varitas Pioner 32. Produktivitas jagung varietas Pertiwi sebesar 950.93 kg/ha sedangkan jagung varitas Pioner 32 sebesar 1,270.35 kg/ha. Perbedaan ini secara statistik nyata pada alfa 0,05. Pendapatan petani jagung varietas Pertiwi setiap musim tanam sebesar Rp 5,187,117.40/ha dan usahatani jagung varietas Pioner 32 sebesar Rp 9,616,517.72/ha. Perbedaan ini secara statistik nyata pada alfa 0,05.
Analisis Pengembangan Model Kurikulum Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan
Authors: Nazara Ferlinus , Lase Fatiani , Hulu Syukur Kasieli , Harefa Hendrikus O. N 
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengembangan model kurikulum pendidikan pancasila dan kewarganegaraan, apa saja kendala yang dihadapi guru PKn dalam upaya pengembangan model kurikulum pendidikan pancasila dan kewarganegaraan, upaya yang dilakukan guru PKn dalam menyelesaikan kendala yang terjadi dalam upaya pengembangan mengembangkan model kurikulum pendidikan pancasila dan kewarganegaraan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif dengan metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian dan pembahasan menyimpulkan bahwa: Pertama, Pengembangan model kurikulum Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan berlangsung secara berkesinambungan dalam proses belajar mengajar agar siswa mempunyai kemandirian dalam kegiatan belajar dan dapat memberikan pembekalan atau minat siswa yang efektif. Kedua, Apa saja kendala yang dihadapi guru PKn dalam upaya pengembangan model kurikulum Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan, seperti kurangnya sarana prasarana yang menyebabkan pembelajaran di sekolah kurang maksimal dan tidak mencapai tujuan yang diinginkan serta masih terdapat siswa yang tidak mencapai tujuan. cepat memahami materi yang di sampaikan oleh guru. Dan Ketiga, Apa saja upaya yang dilakukan guru PPKn dalam menyelesaikan kendala-kendala yang terjadi dalam upaya pembangan model kurikulum Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan adalah melakukan perubahan dan perkembangan siswa tejadi dengan melakukan berbagai kegiatan belajar sesuai dengan tujuan pendidikan dan pembelajaran, pergantian pemakaian, sembari menunggu dari kelas lain sambil juga melaksanakan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan buku dan bahan ajar lainnya.
Frequency of Middle Mesial Canal in Mandibular Molars
Authors: Chema Ahmed Mukhtar , Nasir Sumaira , Hussain Munawar , Riaz Afsheen , Atta Muhammad Hasnain , Shahid Amira 
Published: September 2024

Being the most difficult to detect unusual canal in mandibular molars, creating greater anatomical complexity and thereby variability, it is important that careful investigation aids in successful endodontic treatments. Objective: To evaluate the incidence and features of MMC in mandibular molars; to study demographic parameters and dental factors that may have an effect on its detection. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Shahida Islam Medical College (SIMC), Lodhran from September 2023 to March 2024, and contained a total of 148 patients. Data was assessed for the presence of MMC in first, second and third mandibular molars. Two expert dental radiologists evaluated the results of the X-ray films. Results: The prevalence of MMC was 18%, with complete and partial compartments seen in more than half the patients (77%). It was shown that MMCs were most commonly observed in 51-65 age group (21.28%); however, there were non-significant differences based on patient's age and gender or tooth type and position accompanying OAC site. Conclusions: In present study, MMC was noted in 18% patients. Statistically insignificant demographic or dental predictors for MMC were identified
Acculturation of Javanese culture with Islamic culture in the month of Muharrom in Brayo Village Wonotunggal Batang
Authors: Maya Ika Trisnawati  , Hana Dian Malasari  , Alvian Varihul Mustavid  , Khoirunnisah Harahap  , Tsabita Imania Yusrika  
Published: September 2024

Nyadran is a series of traditional ceremonies, which are part of cultural heritage and believe that certain places are sacred or holy places. Nyadran traditions like this are a from of salvation carried out as a from of gratitude and respect for ancestors. The data collection technique used in this research was interviews with the main sources, the head of the Nyadran committee and the of Brayo village. The location of this research was in Ujung Biru Hamlet, Brayo Village, Wonotunggal District. Nyadran activities in Ujung Biru Hamlet are held in the month of Muharrom because Muharrom is not the Hijri New Year. Nyadran implementation in Brayo Village has been carried out since ancient times, as time goes by, the nyadran tradition has undergone many changes.
Analisis Break Event Point (BEP) Sebagai Alat Perencanan Laba Jangka Pendek Pada UMKM Cafe Limas Palembang
Authors: Sinta Agustiani Putri  , Eka Jumarni Fithri  
Published: September 2024

This final report is made to help performing profit planning with fixed costs and variable costs as a basis in doing profit planning using Break Even Point (BEP). The title of this final report is "Break Even Point Analysis As A Short Term Profit Planning Tool at UMKM Café Limas Palembang". In completing this final report the authors obtained data by conducting field research through interviews and observation, library research. Based on the data that the author obtained, the company has not done separation of fixed costs and variable costs, so the company does not know how much fixed costs and variable costs, calculation of Break Even Point (BEP) and Margin of Safety (MOS) calculation, which are useful as a tool of corporate profit planning. The author suggests that company should classify fixed costs and variable costs in advance in order to perform calculation of Break Even Point (BEP), calculation of Margin of Safety (MOS) and profit planning.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Garden Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and Identification of Promising Lines for Hybridization
Authors: Singh Gautam Pratap , Singh Vijay Kumar , Kumar Anand , Bhardwaj Ajay , Rai Ankur Kumar 
Published: September 2024

The current study is being conducted to understand the degree of genetic divergence in order to discover more diversified parents for pea genetic advancement. The creation of high yielding varieties with stable productivity, resistance to diseases and unfavorable environmental conditions, various maturing types, a high rate of organic matter accumulation during the early stages of growth, a sufficiently high intensity of photosynthesis, increases in protein content, essential amino acids, and favorable ratios among them are the most important tasks for pea breeding. The present investigation was carried out at vegetable research farm and laboratory works in the department of Horticulture (Vegetable and Floriculture), BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur, Bihar during the Rabi season 2020-21. The genotype Kashi Mukti, Kashi Uday, Kashi Nandini and VM-11 of cluster II exhibited superiority for earliness in first flower, days to 50% flowering and days to first picking and significantly better performance as measured by the lowest cluster mean and a substantial improvement in performance while the genotype Haze-02 of cluster IV exhibited superiority for inter-nodal length , plant height , seeds per pod and total sugars (%) based on maximum cluster mean with significantly better performance. It is anticipated that progenies from such diversified crossings will exhibit a broad range of genetic diversity and more potential for transgressive segregant isolation in the later generations. Therefore, a multiple crossing program using these genotypes may be used to retrieve transgressive segregants.
A new spiral model for Saturn's magnetosphere
Authors: Carbary J. F. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractRather than a clock‐like strobe, a rotating spiral may underlie the ~10.7 h periodicities observed in many phenomena in Saturn's magnetosphere. This spiral is a density or flux wave propagating outward from the planet, and the periodicity is generated when a spacecraft encounters the wave. The wave moves outward with the Alfvén speed, which can be computed from the magnetic field strength and plasma mass density. Using data from the first 200 days of 2010, the observed field strength and plasma density are used to compute this speed and construct the spiral. When the Cassini spacecraft “flies through” this model on a real trajectory, the model produces a strong main period at 10.7 h with weaker secondary periods at 10.4 h and 11.0 h resulting from Doppler effects. Periodograms of observed phenomena from the same interval show a main peak at 10.7 h but with spurious secondary peaks due to noise.
Morphology of midlatitude electron density enhancement using total electron content measurements
Authors: Rajesh P. K. , Liu J. Y. , Balan N. , Lin C. H. , Sun Y. Y. , Pulinets S. A. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractUsing the global ionospheric map of total electron content in 2002–2009, this paper investigates anomalous, midlatitude electron density enhancement (MEDE) bounded by a tropical electron density trough and the usual midlatitude electron density trough at all times (24 h) of the day for the first time. The diurnal, seasonal, and longitudinal variations in the occurrence and strength of MEDE are studied at solar maximum (2002) and long deep solar minimum (2009), and latitude‐longitude dependence is examined using the data in 2002–2009. The results show that the MEDE occurs at all times of the day though pronounced at night (2200–0400 LT), and in some cases the daytime occurrence could be more frequent than the corresponding nighttime occurrence. The strength maximizes at around 0400 LT and is weak during daytime. Both the occurrence and strength are, in general, predominant in winter at low solar activity and exhibit significant longitudinal dependence. The E × B drift, strength, and direction of neutral wind and ionosphere‐plasmasphere plasma flow and their day‐to‐day variations are suggested to account for the existence of MEDE at all times of the day.
Rupture complexity and the supershear transition on rough faults
Authors: Bruhat Lucile , Fang Zijun , Dunham Eric M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractField investigations suggest that supershear earthquakes occur on geometrically simple, smooth fault segments. In contrast, dynamic rupture simulations show how heterogeneity of stress, strength, and fault geometry can trigger supershear transitions, as well as other complex rupture styles. Here we examine the Fang and Dunham (2013) ensemble of 2‐D plane strain dynamic ruptures on fractally rough faults subject to strongly rate weakening friction laws to document the effect of fault roughness and prestress on rupture behavior. Roughness gives rise to extremely diverse rupture styles, such as rupture arrests, secondary slip pulses that rerupture previously slipped fault sections, and supershear transitions. Even when the prestress is below the Burridge‐Andrews threshold for supershear on planar faults with uniform stress and strength conditions, supershear transitions are observed. A statistical analysis of the rupture velocity distribution reveals that supershear transients become increasingly likely at higher stress levels and on rougher faults. We examine individual ruptures and identify recurrent patterns for the supershear transition. While some transitions occur on fault segments that are favorably oriented in the background stress field, other transitions happen at the initiation of or after propagation through an unfavorable bend. We conclude that supershear transients are indeed favored by geometric complexity. In contrast, sustained supershear propagation is most common on segments that are locally smoother than average. Because rupture style is so sensitive to both background stress and small‐scale details of the fault geometry, it seems unlikely that field maps of fault traces will provide reliable deterministic predictions of supershear propagation on specific fault segments.
Stable and Reusable Binaphthyl‐Supported Palladium Catalyst for Aminocarbonylation of Aryl Iodides
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Sekar Govindasamy 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA binaphthyl‐supported Pd nanoparticles (Pd‐BNP)‐catalyzed aminocarbonylation of aryl iodides in the presence of carbon monoxide and amines for the synthesis of amides has been developed. This methodology provides an efficient route for the synthesis of a COX‐2 enzyme inhibitor having anti‐inflammatory activity.magnified image
An Efficient Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyridines via CH Oxidation and CS Cleavage of Dimethyl Sulfoxide
Authors: Wu Xia , Zhang Jingjing , Liu Shan , Gao Qinghe , Wu Anxin 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn expedient cleavage of the CS bond of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been developed for the preparation of substituted pyridines from ketones. In this transformation, the co‐product formic acid was formed from ammonium formate, which acted as an important catalyst for the reaction. Notably, this transformation exhibited a broad substrate scope towards a wide variety of different ketones to give the corresponding substituted pyridines in high yields. Mechanistic studies suggested that dimethyl sulfoxide delivered a methylene fragment, which was subsequently captured in situ to give a pyridine.magnified image
Chemoselective Addition of Halomethyllithiums to Functionalized Isatins:A Straightforward Access to Spiro‐Epoxyoxindoles
Authors: Pace Vittorio , Castoldi Laura , Mamuye Ashenafi Damtew , Langer Thierry , Holzer Wolfgang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient, chemoselective approach to spiro‐epoxyoxindolesviathe addition of chloromethyllithium followed by ring‐closure of the intermediate alkoxide is reported. Chemoselectivity is fully preserved in the presence of different electrophilic sites. The synthetic potential of selected spiro‐epoxyindoles has been exploited in the copper(I)‐catalyzed intramolecular oxyarylation of an alkyne and in the formation ofN,N‐dimethylisoindigoviathe addition of dihalocarbenoids.magnified image
Asymmetric Diels–Alder and Cascade Reaction of Quinone Imine Ketals and 2,4‐Dienals: Construction of Chiral Benzo[de]quinolone Derivatives
Authors: Gu Jing , Xiao Ben‐Xian , Chen Yu‐Rong , Du Wei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn asymmetric Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction of quinone imine ketals and 2,4‐dienals has been investigated via trienamine catalysis of a secondary chiral amine. A series of chiral tricyclic benzo[de]quinolone derivatives were efficiently constructed in moderate to good yields and with high to excellent enantioselectivity after a cascade aromatization/intramolecular hemiaminal formation sequence (up to 98% ee, >19:1 dr). The methodology and the useful product scaffolds could be further utilized in both synthetic and medicinal fields.magnified image
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Chlorinated Tetrahydropyridazin‐3‐ones and 1,2‐Diazepan‐3‐ones from N‐Allyl‐N′‐trichloroacetylhydrazines
Authors: Ram Ram N. , Soni Vineet Kumar 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe synthesis of chlorinated tetrahydropyridazin‐3‐ones and 1,2‐diazepan‐3‐ones has been developed. The present paper describes the application of Cu(I)‐catalyzed ATRC for the synthesis of heterocyclic molecules containing two heteroatoms (i.e., nitrogen) in the ring for the first time. An easy separation of the individual compounds from the product mixture could be achieved by considering their solubility/insolubility in n‐hexane. The presence of three chlorine atoms provides possibilities for further derivatization.magnified image
Assay of fluoride by a novel organic–inorganic mesoporous nano‐sized sensor
Authors: Ma Qianmin , Lai Yuming , Gao Jinwei , Wang Qianming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this report, we prepared a novel mesoporous silica nanostructure for selective detection of fluoride through ultraviolet absorption and emission changes. In the sensing system, a silica coupling reagent (3‐(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate) linked 1‐naphthylamine has been covalently grafted onto the mesopores of inorganic network. These specially designed nanospheres can recognize fluoride from other anions based on hydrogen bond interactions. This approach may provide new opportunities for designing related sensing systems with enhanced physical or chemical properties. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Funktionserweiterung durch Porosität: Herstellung und Eigenschaften eines porösen Silikonschwamms
Authors: Wilke Timm , Haffer Stefanie , Waitz Thomas 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIm Beitrag wird am Beispiel der Herstellung eines Silikons gezeigt, wie durch Veränderung der Struktur eines Materials neue Stoffeigenschaften erzeugt werden können. Durch Abbildung der Struktur einer Mikroemulsion wird ein Material mit Poren im Nanometerbereich hergestellt, welches im Vergleich zum unporösen Analogon eine höhere Gasspeicherfähigkeit und eine größere mechanische Flexibilität besitzt. Die Herstellung sowie die Eigenschaften des Materials werden im Beitrag in verschiedenen Experimenten beschrieben. In diesem Zusammenhang wird aufgezeigt, dass sich verschiedene klassische Inhalte des Chemieunterrichts wie etwa Hydrolyse‐ und Kondensationsreaktionen, Eigenschaften von Tensiden sowie Adsorption und Stofftrennung vernetzen und in verschiedenen Kontexten aufgreifen lassen.
Effects in man of single and combined oral doses of reserpine, iproniazid, and D‐lysergic acid diethylamide
Authors: DeMaar Edmund W. J. , Williams Harry L. , Miller A. I. , Pfeiffer C. C. 
Published: January 2016

The use of d‐lysergic acid diethylamide, LSD, as a reference standard for the evaluation of psychopathologic symptoms was tested. A group of healthy male volunteers took weekly doses of LSD in order to become familiar with the temporary mental changes induced by the drug.The subjects were able to identify three dose levels of LSD and to differentiate LSD from placebo and other drugs. A standard curve of the responses to LSD could be constructed for these subjects.A combination of reserpine plus iproniazid was found not to produce LSD‐like psychopathologic symptoms. The addition of reserpine and iproniazid to LSD did not change the degree or intensity of LSD‐induced psychopathologic symptoms in man.
Role of antihistamine therapy in diphenylhydantoin‐induced gingival hyperplasia: A clinical and histopathologic evaluation
Authors: Paddison Richard M. , Anthony Samuel , Ferriss Gregory S. , Welsh Ronald A. 
Published: January 2016

Stimulated by the original report of Gaillard upon the favorable influence of chlorprophenpyridamine maleate on diphenylhydantoin‐induced gum hyperplasia, and the reports of Breg and Sturmer indicating that chlorprophenpyridamine maleate and other antihistamine drugs were of no effect on diphenylhydantoin‐induced gum hyperplasia, the authors have studied 35 patients with this condition to a marked degree.In spite of the work of the previous investigators, our evaluation was felt warranted because of our use of a carefully controlled double‐blind experimental technique.Our patients were given either chlorprophenpyridamine maleate or an identical‐appearing placebo. Placebo or antihistamine drugs were administered for a 17 week period, and clinical grading, photographic grading, and gum biopsies were performed upon each patient before and after the administration of the drugs.In a well‐controlled experiment we demonstrated that chlorprophenpyridamine maleatet produced no evident visual or histopathologic change in diphenylhydantoin‐induced gum hyperplasia.
Drug therapy in hypertension
Authors: Smirk F. H. 
Published: January 2016

The methods available for the reduction of the blood pressure level in arterial hypertension are outlined.Effective blood pressure reduction decreases considerably the mortality of patients with grades 4, 3, and 2 retinopathy.In 1961, very few hypertensive patients should continue to complain of potentially reversible hypertensive symptoms or of distressing side effects, although it may be necessary to try several drugs or combinations of drugs.