bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cu and Ni Nanoparticles Deposited on ITO Electrode for Nonenzymatic Electrochemical Carbohydrates Sensor Applications
Authors: He Yingqiao , Wei Guodong , Lin Junhong , Sun Mingxu , Li Ziheng 
Published: December 2016

AbstractA novel non‐enzymatic carbohydrates sensor which was an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass electrode modified by nickel and copper nanoparticles (Cu/Ni/ITO) was developed by an electrochemical method. The crystallinity, morphology, electrochemical measurements and amperometric response of the as‐prepared ITO modified electrode were examined by the X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopic (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry, respectively. The Cu/Ni/ITO electrode had better electroactivity for glucose oxidation than that obtained using Cu/ITO, Ni/ITO, and Ni/Cu/ITO. The logistic regression equation, Ipa = (A1 – A2)/[1 + (Cglucose/x0)p] + A2, was used to fit the calibration curves of glucose aqueous solution concentrations and responsive current intensity. In research of other saccharides, such as fructose, lactose, sucrose, and maltose, which were detected by the Cu/Ni/ITO electrode, it was obvious that the Cu/Ni/ITO electrode was more sensitive to monosaccharides than disaccharides. Monosaccharides and disaccharides can be detected because the saccharides themselves had aldehyde group or be isomerized to an isomer having an aldehyde group in alkaline environment, and then aldehyde group produced carboxylic acid in the catalytic oxidation of the electrode, which lead to the change of electrode surface conductivity and the appearance of oxidation peak, and the alkaline environment further promotes the above reaction.
Preoperative surgical simulation and validation of the line of resection in anterolateral craniofacial resection of advanced sinonasal sinus carcinoma
Authors: Nishio Naoki , Fujii Masazumi , Hayashi Yuichiro , Hiramatsu Mariko , Maruo Takashi , Iwami Kenichiro , Kamei Yuzuru , Yagi Shunjiro , Takanari Keisuke , Fujimoto Yasushi 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to assess the usefulness and accuracy of preoperative 3D virtual simulation of anterolateral craniofacial resection in cases of advanced sinonasal sinus carcinoma.MethodsSeven patients with advanced (T4 classification) sinonasal sinus carcinoma who underwent anterolateral craniofacial resection in our hospital between 2011 and 2013 were included in this study. Postsimulation CT images were fused with postoperative CT images and differences between the planned and actual osteotomy were measured in 3 regions of the skull base.ResultsThe differences ranged from 0 mm to 5.8 mm (average, 3.1 mm) at the inferior wall of the cavernous sinus, from 0.8 mm to 8.3 mm (average, 3.5 mm) at the inferior wall of the sphenoid sinus, and from 0 mm to 13.6 mm (average, 2.3 mm) in the palatine bone.ConclusionPreoperative 3D virtual surgical simulation and postoperative feedback can contribute to training for surgeons. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 512–519, 2017
Mountaintop winds as representatives of low‐level jets and precursors of downstream precipitation over Eastern China
Authors: Yuan Weihua , Zhao Siyao 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe mountains of Nanyue, Huangshan, and Jiuxianshan in eastern China all have elevations >1200 m and the weather stations on the tops of these mountains directly observe atmospheric conditions in the lower troposphere. This study showed that the low‐level jets derived from a reanalysis dataset (JRA25) were highly consistent with the winds measured at the mountaintop stations in May and June in the time period 2005–2010. The mountain observations were both continuous and hourly, which compensated for the limitations of the reanalysis and sounding datasets in terms of temporal resolution. The zonal and meridional winds and wind speed at Nanyue Mountain were significantly correlated with the downstream rainfall, with the highest correlation several hours before the peak of the region‐average long‐duration rainfall events (lasting >6 h). These results suggest that the winds observed by mountaintop weather stations could be used in rainfall forecasting and confirm the influence of low‐level jets on rainfall downstream.
What is the Flynn Effect, and how does it change our understanding of IQ?
Authors: Shenk David 
Published: December 2016

In 1981, psychologist James Flynn noticed that IQ scores had risen streadily over nearly a century a staggering difference of 18 points over two generations. After a careful analysis, he concluded the cause to be culture. Society had become more intelligent—come to grips with bigger, more abstract ideas over time—and had made people smarter. This observation, combined with solid evidence that IQ scores are also not fixed within an individual, neatly dispels the idea of intelligence being an innate and fixed entity. While intelligence clearly has a biological component, it is best defined, as a set of continually developed skills. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1366. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1366This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Theory and Methods
Development evolving: the origins and meanings of instinct
Authors: Blumberg Mark S. 
Published: December 2016

How do migratory birds, herding dogs, and navigating sea turtles do the amazing things that they do? For hundreds of years, scientists and philosophers have struggled over possible explanations. In time, one word came to dominate the discussion: instinct. It became the catch‐all explanation for those adaptive and complex abilities that do not obviously result from learning or experience. Today, various animals are said to possess a survival instinct, migratory instinct, herding instinct, maternal instinct, or language instinct. But a closer look reveals that these and other ‘instincts’ are not satisfactorily described as inborn, pre‐programmed, hardwired, or genetically determined. Rather, research in this area teaches us that species‐typical behaviors develop—and they do so in every individual under the guidance of species‐typical experiences occurring within reliable ecological contexts. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1371. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1371This article is categorized under:

Cognitive Biology > Genes and Environment
Psychology > Comparative Psychology
Neuroscience > Development
Construction of the human forebrain
Authors: Jernigan Terry L. , Stiles Joan 
Published: December 2016

The adult human brain is arguably the most complex of biological systems. It contains 86 billion neurons (the information processing cells of the brain) and many more support cells. The neurons, with the assistance of the support cells, form trillions of connections creating complex, interconnected neural networks that support all human thought, feeling, and action. A challenge for modern neuroscience is to provide a model that accounts for this exquisitely complex and dynamic system. One fundamental part of this model is an account of how the human brain develops. This essay describes two important aspects of this developmental story. The first part of the story focuses on the remarkable and dynamic set of events that unfold during the prenatal period to give rise to cell lineage that form the essential substance of the brain, particularly the structures of the cerebral hemispheres. The second part of the story focuses on the formation of the major brain pathways of the cerebrum, the intricate fiber bundles that connect different populations of neurons to form the information processing systems that support all human thought and action. These two aspects of early brain development provide an essential foundation for understanding how the structure, organization, and functioning of the human brain emerge. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1409. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1409This article is categorized under:

Neuroscience > Development
Neural plasticity across the lifespan
Authors: Power Jonathan D. , Schlaggar Bradley L. 
Published: December 2016

An essential feature of the brain is its capacity to change. Neuroscientists use the term ‘plasticity’ to describe the malleability of neuronal connectivity and circuitry. How does plasticity work? A review of current data suggests that plasticity encompasses many distinct phenomena, some of which operate across most or all of the lifespan, and others that operate exclusively in early development. This essay surveys some of the key concepts related to neural plasticity, beginning with how current patterns of neural activity (e.g., as you read this essay) come to impact future patterns of activity (e.g., your memory of this essay), and then extending this framework backward into more development‐specific mechanisms of plasticity. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e216. doi: 10.1002/wdev.216This article is categorized under:

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Transitions and oscillatory regimes in two-layer geostrophic hetons and tripoles
Authors: Shteinbuch-Fridman Biana , Makarov Viacheslav , Kizner Ziv 
Published: December 2016

We investigate numerically the transitions and oscillatory regimes in two-layer quasigeostrophic hetons and tripoles composed of patches of uniform potential vorticity (PV). The contour-surgery algorithms are employed, in which either some symmetries are preserved, or asymmetric evolution of the vortex structures is allowed, induced by generally asymmetric numerical noise. The fluid layers are assumed equally thick. First, the evolution of hetons is considered. A heton, a steadily translating pair of vortices residing in different layers, is antisymmetric in the sense that the two PV patches are opposite in sign and symmetric in shape about the axis of translation. A feebly stable heton, when exposed to weak antisymmetric perturbations, responds by developing an oscillation, which culminates in a transition to a new, substantially robust oscillating heton. The results obtained reinforce our earlier findings regarding the modon-to-modon transition (Kizner et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 468, 2002, pp. 239–270; Kizner, Phys. Fluids, vol. 18 (5), 2006, 056601; Kizner, UTAM Symposium on Hamiltonian Dynamics, Vortex Structures, Turbulence (ed. Borisov et al.), IUTAM Bookseries, vol. 6, 2008, pp. 125–133. Springer) and clarify the transition mechanism. Asymmetric perturbations might cause a heton-to-tripole transition. Next we consider the transitions and oscillations in carousel tripoles exposed to weak, generally asymmetric perturbations. A carousel tripole is a steadily rotating centrally symmetric ensemble of three PV patches, with the central vortex being located in one layer and the two remaining, satellite vortices in the other layer. Depending on the tripoles’ size, hence also on the shape of the satellite vortices, three different types of transition are revealed, the transition to a ringed (shielded) monopole being one of them. Whereas the transition of a ringed monopole into a tripole is a known phenomenon, the reverse transition in baroclinic flows is detected for the first time.
FINITARY REDUCIBILITY ON EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS
Authors: MILLER RUSSELL , NG KENG MENG 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWe introduce the notion of finitary computable reducibility on equivalence relations on the domainω. This is a weakening of the usual notion of computable reducibility, and we show it to be distinct in several ways. In particular, whereas no equivalence relation can be${\rm{\Pi }}_{n + 2}^0$-complete under computable reducibility, we show that, for everyn, there does exist a natural equivalence relation which is${\rm{\Pi }}_{n + 2}^0$-complete under finitary reducibility. We also show that our hierarchy of finitary reducibilities does not collapse, and illustrate how it sharpens certain known results. Along the way, we present several new results which use computable reducibility to establish the complexity of various naturally defined equivalence relations in the arithmetical hierarchy.
THE COMPLEXITY OF INDEX SETS OF CLASSES OF COMPUTABLY ENUMERABLE EQUIVALENCE RELATIONS
Authors: ANDREWS URI , SORBI ANDREA 
Published: December 2016

AbstractLet$ \le _c $be computable the reducibility on computably enumerable equivalence relations (or ceers). We show that for every ceerRwith infinitely many equivalence classes, the index sets$\left\{ {i:R_i \le _c R} \right\}$(withRnonuniversal),$\left\{ {i:R_i \ge _c R} \right\}$, and$\left\{ {i:R_i \equiv _c R} \right\}$are${\rm{\Sigma }}_3^0$complete, whereas in caseRhas only finitely many equivalence classes, we have that$\left\{ {i:R_i \le _c R} \right\}$is${\rm{\Pi }}_2^0$complete, and$\left\{ {i:R \ge _c R} \right\}$(withRhaving at least two distinct equivalence classes) is${\rm{\Sigma }}_2^0$complete. Next, solving an open problem from [1], we prove that the index set of the effectively inseparable ceers is${\rm{\Pi }}_4^0$complete. Finally, we prove that the 1-reducibility preordering on c.e. sets is a${\rm{\Sigma }}_3^0$complete preordering relation, a fact that is used to show that the preordering relation$ \le _c $on ceers is a${\rm{\Sigma }}_3^0$complete preordering relation.
State Policies Towards Precarious Work: Employment and Unemployment in Contemporary Portugal
Authors: Varela Raquel 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn the context of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations, in this article, we relate the analysis of precarious work in Portugal to the state, in particular, as a direct participant functioning as both employer and mediator. In the second part, we present a short overview of the evolution of casualization in the context of employment and unemployment in contemporary Portugal (1974–2014). In the third section, we discuss state policies on labour relations, particularly in the context of the welfare state. Finally, we compare this present analysis with Swedish research done from the perspective of the state as a direct participant and mediator over the past four decades.
Climate influences assemblages of abomasal nematodes of sheep on steppe pastures in the east of Algeria
Authors: Zouyed I. , Cabaret J. , Bentounsi B. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIt is a common view that assemblages of parasitic nematodes are influenced by climatic conditions; however, there are only a few articles available regarding those that infect farm animals. We investigated the relationship between climate variables and infection with abomasal trichostrongyles in 335 1-year-old rams grazed on steppe pastures in Eastern Algeria. Abomasa were collected from 12 local slaughterhouses located in four climatic areas (from humid to arid) and the worms extracted, identified and counted. The abundance was low and the fauna composed primarily of Teladorsagia circumcincta, Marshallagia marshalli and Trichostrongylus sp. The high percentage of M. marshalli is typical of steppe areas. Ostertagia ostertagi and Haemonchus contortus were present in low numbers. Rainfall was the most important climatic variable related to the main species. This relationship was not linear for M. marshalli but an optimal rainfall was detected (350–400 mm/year). The more complex climatic indicators used in the study did not demonstrate a more significant correlation than rainfall. The predictive value of rainfall on the abundance or proportion of species in the assemblage was modest but highly significant. The seasonality of assemblages was different between the two main sub-climates (sub-humid and semi-arid).
Cognitive and Behavioral Functioning in Childhood Acquired Demyelinating Syndromes
Authors: Till Christine , Noguera Austin , Verhey Leonard H. , O’Mahony Julia , Yeh E. Ann , Mah Jean K. , Sinopoli Katia J. , Brooks Brian L. , Aubert-Broche Berengere , Collins D. Louis , Narayanan Sridar , Arnold Douglas L. , Banwell Brenda L. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractObjectives:The aim of this study was to describe cognitive, academic, and psychosocial outcomes after an incident demyelinating event (acquired demyelinating syndromes, ADS) in childhood and to investigate the contribution of brain lesions and confirmed MS diagnosis on outcome.Methods:Thirty-six patients with ADS (mean age=12.2 years,SD=2.7, range: 7–16 years) underwent brain MRI scans at presentation and at 6-months follow-up. T2-weighted lesions on MRI were assessed using a binary classification. At 6-months follow-up, patients underwent neuropsychological evaluation and were compared with 42 healthy controls.Results:Cognitive, academic, and behavioral outcomes did not differ between the patients with ADS and controls. Three of 36 patients (8.3%) were identified with cognitive impairment, as determined by performance falling ≤1.5SDbelow normative values on more than four independent tests in the battery. Poor performance on a visuomotor integration task was most common, observed among 6/32 patients, but this did not differ significantly from controls. Twelve of 36 patients received a diagnosis of MS within 3 years post-ADS. Patients with MS did not differ from children with monophasic ADS in terms of cognitive performance at the 6-months follow-up. Fatigue symptoms were reported in 50% of patients, irrespective of MS diagnosis. Presence of brain lesions at onset and 6 months post-incident demyelinating event did not associate with cognitive outcome.Conclusions:Children with ADS experience a favorable short-term neurocognitive outcome, even those confirmed to have MS. Longitudinal evaluations of children with monophasic ADS and MS are required to determine the possibility of late-emerging sequelae and their time course. (JINS, 2016,22, 1050–1060)
Preimplantation factor is an anti-apoptotic effector in human trophoblasts involving p53 signaling pathway
Authors: Moindjie Hadia , Santos Esther Dos , Gouesse Rita-Josiane , Swierkowski-Blanchard Nelly , Serazin Valérie , Barnea Eytan R , Vialard François , Dieudonné Marie-Noëlle 
Published: December 2016

AbstractFrom the earliest stages of gestation, embryonic–maternal interaction has a key role in a successful pregnancy. Various factors present during gestation may significantly influence this type of juxta/paracrine interaction. PreImplantation Factor (PIF) is a recently identified factor with activity at the fetomaternal interface. PIF is secreted by viable embryos and directly controls placental development by increasing the invasive capacity of human extravillous trophoblasts (EVTs). To further specify PIF’s role in the human placenta, we analyzed the genome-wide expression profile of the EVT in the presence of a synthetic PIF analog (sPIF). We found that sPIF exposure altered several pathways related to p53 signaling, survival and the immune response. Functional assays revealed that sPIF acts through the p53 pathway to reduce both early and late trophoblast apoptosis. More precisely, sPIF (i) decreases the phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15, (ii) enhances the B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2) expression and (iii) reduces the BCL2-associated X protein (BAX) and BCL2 homologous antagonist killer (BAK) mRNA expression levels. Furthermore, invalidation experiments of TP53 allowed us to demonstrate that PIF’s effects on placental apoptosis seemed to be essentially mediated by this gene. We have clearly shown that p53 and sPIF pathways could interact in human trophoblast and thus promotes cell survival. Furthermore, sPIF was found to regulate a gene network related to immune tolerance in the EVT, which emphasizes the beneficial effect of this peptide on the human placenta. Finally, the PIF protein levels in placentas from pregnancies affected by preeclampsia or intra-uterine growth restriction were significantly lower than in gestational age-matched control placentas. Taken as a whole, our results suggest that sPIF protects the EVT’s functional status through a variety of mechanisms. Clinical application of sPIF in the treatment of disorders of early pregnancy can be envisioned.
Anti-proliferative activity of the NPM1 interacting natural product avrainvillamide in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Andresen Vibeke , Erikstein Bjarte S , Mukherjee Herschel , Sulen André , Popa Mihaela , Sørnes Steinar , Reikvam Håkon , Chan Kok-Ping , Hovland Randi , McCormack Emmet , Bruserud Øystein , Myers Andrew G , Gjertsen Bjørn T 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMutated nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) acts as a proto-oncogene and is present in ~30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here we examined thein vitroandin vivoanti-leukemic activity of the NPM1 and chromosome region maintenance 1 homolog (CRM1) interacting natural product avrainvillamide (AVA) and a fully syntetic AVA analog. TheNPM1-mutated cell line OCI-AML3 and normal karyotype primary AML cells withNPM1mutations were significantly more sensitive towards AVA than cells expressing wild-type (wt)NPM1. Furthermore, the presence of wt p53 sensitized cells toward AVA. Cells exhibiting fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) internal tandem duplication mutations also displayed a trend toward increased sensitivity to AVA. AVA treatment induced nuclear retention of the NPM1 mutant protein (NPMc+) in OCI-AML3 cells and primary AML cells, caused proteasomal degradation of NPMc+ and the nuclear export factor CRM1 and downregulated wt FLT3 protein. In addition, both AVA and its analog induced differentiation of OCI-AML3 cells together with an increased phagocytotic activity and oxidative burst potential. Finally, the AVA analog displayed anti-proliferative activity against subcutaneous xenografted HCT-116 and OCI-AML3 cells in mice. Our results demonstrate that AVA displays enhanced potency against defined subsets of AML cells, suggesting that therapeutic intervention employing AVA or related compounds may be feasible.
PINK1-dependent phosphorylation of PINK1 and Parkin is essential for mitochondrial quality control
Authors: Zhuang Na , Li Lin , Chen She , Wang Tao 
Published: December 2016

AbstractMitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to the pathogenesis of a large number of inherited diseases in humans, including Parkinson’s disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. The Parkinson’s disease genes pink1 and parkin, which encode a mitochondrially targeted protein kinase, and an E3 ubiquitin ligase, respectively, participate in a key mitochondrial quality-control pathway that eliminates damaged mitochondria. In the current study, we established an in vivo PINK1/Parkin-induced photoreceptor neuron degeneration model in Drosophila with the aim of dissecting the PINK1/Parkin pathway in detail. Using LC-MS/MS analysis, we identified Serine 346 as the sole autophosphorylation site of Drosophila PINK1 and found that substitution of Serine 346 to Alanine completely abolished the PINK1 autophosphorylation. Disruption of either PINK1 or Parkin phosphorylation impaired the PINK1/Parkin pathway, and the degeneration phenotype of photoreceptor neurons was obviously alleviated. Phosphorylation of PINK1 is not only required for the PINK1-mediated mitochondrial recruitment of Parkin but also induces its kinase activity toward Parkin. In contrast, phosphorylation of Parkin by PINK1 is dispensable for its translocation but required for its activation. Moreover, substitution with autophosphorylation-deficient PINK1 failed to rescue pink1 null mutant phenotypes. Taken together, our findings suggest that autophosphorylation of PINK1 is essential for the mitochondrial translocation of Parkin and for subsequent phosphorylation and activation of Parkin.