bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolution of modularity literature: a 25-year bibliometric analysis
Authors: Frandsen Thomas 
Published: April 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review and analyze the modularity literature to identify the established and emerging perspectives.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature search and review was conducted through the use of bibliometrics and network analysis. The analysis identified structure within the literature, which revealed how the research area evolved between 1990 and 2015. Based on this search, the paper establishes the basis for analyzing the structure of modularity literature.FindingsFactors were identified within the literature, demonstrating how it has evolved from a primary focus on the modularity of products to a broader view of the applicability of modularity. Within the last decade, numerous research areas have emerged within the broader area of modularity. Through core-periphery analysis, eight emerging sub-research areas are identified, of which one is the study of modularity in the context of services.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough bibliographic methods are limited as they are based on common citations within the field, they enable systematic analysis and the identification of structure within an emergent field of research. Such analysis has implications by for a growing and inter-disciplinary field like modularity by providing overview and suggesting future directions.Originality/valueThis paper contributes by conducting a systematic review based on the citation structure within modularity and identifies the established and emerging areas of research on modularity.
Awareness and willingness towards Islamic banking among Muslims: An Indian perspective
Authors: Islam Jamid Ul , Rahman Zillur 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
This study aims to explore the awareness and willingness of Muslim Indians toward Islamic banking. Subsequent to financial crises during the past few decades, Islamic banking has attained global acceptance and has gained a momentum in emerging economies as a substitute for the conventional (interest-based) banking. As India ranks third in terms of Muslim population globally, it is quite spontaneous to analyze the concept of Islamic banking in an Indian perspective.

Design/methodology/approach
To collect data, adopting purposive sampling, a sample of 290 Indian Muslims was surveyed in Delhi National Capital Region of India using a self-structured questionnaire. Appropriate statistical tools were applied to analyze the data.

Findings
The results concede that majority of the respondents lack an understanding of how Islamic banking works. The results further concede that majority of the respondents are willing to go for Islamic banking if informed properly and offered better customer experience. The results suggest that Islamic banking organizations need to frame effective communication strategies to increase awareness among the populace about how Islamic banking operates.

Practical implications
If approached strategically, one would expect India to be a huge market for Islamic banking. By offering a preliminary understanding about the awareness and willingness of Indian Muslims, this study can prove helpful for organizations to design and deliver informative advertising campaigns to inform potential customers about Islamic banking operations and to ensure the ability to provide efficient service before starting the operations in any country for the first time.

Originality/value
By exploring the awareness and willingness of Indian Muslims, the current study takes an important research gap into account and, therefore, enriches the existing Islamic banking literature.
A novel method for providing relational databases with rich semantics and natural language processing
Authors: Hamaz Kamal , Benchikha Fouzia 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
With the development of systems and applications, the number of users interacting with databases has increased considerably. The relational database model is still considered as the most used model for data storage and manipulation. However, it does not offer any semantic support for the stored data which can facilitate data access for the users. Indeed, a large number of users are intimidated when retrieving data because they are non-technical or have little technical knowledge. To overcome this problem, researchers are continuously developing new techniques for Natural Language Interfaces to Databases (NLIDB). Nowadays, the usage of existing NLIDBs is not widespread due to their deficiencies in understanding natural language (NL) queries. In this sense, the purpose of this paper is to propose a novel method for an intelligent understanding of NL queries using semantically enriched database sources.

Design/methodology/approach
First a reverse engineering process is applied to extract relational database hidden semantics. In the second step, the extracted semantics are enriched further using a domain ontology. After this, all semantics are stored in the same relational database. The phase of processing NL queries uses the stored semantics to generate a semantic tree.

Findings
The evaluation part of the work shows the advantages of using a semantically enriched database source to understand NL queries. Additionally, enriching a relational database has given more flexibility to understand contextual and synonymous words that may be used in a NL query.

Originality/value
Existing NLIDBs are not yet a standard option for interfacing a relational database due to their lack for understanding NL queries. Indeed, the techniques used in the literature have their limits. This paper handles those limits by identifying the NL elements by their semantic nature in order to generate a semantic tree. This last is a key solution towards an intelligent understanding of NL queries to relational databases.
Globalisation and trade liberalisation in supporting GVCs upgrade
Authors: Chen Lurong 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to get more insight about the importance of globalisation and regional integration for global value chains (GVCs) upgrade and economic growth.

Design/methodology/approach
It uses South Korea as an illustrative example of pursuing sustained economic growth via economic globalisation and moving up the value chains. It provides answers to two questions. First, how did South Korea manage to achieve economic growth via moving up the value chains? Second, what are the governmental efforts on globalisation and trade liberalisation that have contributed to this success?

Findings
Among other factors, its success can be seen as a result of a combination of domestic development strategy and policies and its efforts to create a “development-friendly” global and regional circumstance via strengthening the economic ties with main powers, expanding the free trade agreements network, and deepening integration into Factory Asia. It is of South Korea’s interest to push forward the progress of regional integration.

Originality/value
Many countries have successfully got rid of poverty by participating international production sharing, but only few of them have managed to move further and eventually upgrade to be an advance economy. This case study of South Korea gives us more insight about the importance of globalisation and trade liberalisation in supporting GVCs upgrade.
Discouraged borrowers aftermath of financial crisis: a UK study
Authors: Rostamkalaei Anoosheh 
Published: April 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the trend of discouragement in the small and medium sized enterprise’s (SME) lending market during the aftermath of the financial crisis of 2008. It detects the extent to which the responses of discouraged firms to improvements in the lending market are lagged.

Design/methodology/approach
The results are based on surveys of UK SME Finance Monitor (2011-2016). Probit regression models were used to assess the effect of time passed from the financial crisis on the probability of discouragement.

Findings
The analysis, inter alia, shows that the rate of discouragement has reduced significantly since 2013. The results highlight the long-term effect of tightened credit supply on SMEs that are ready to invest, but hold back because of fear of rejection.

Practical implications
The research suggests addressing imperfect information among discouraged SMEs that are recuperating from the financial crisis. With the rise of information asymmetry, entrepreneurs show a higher level of fear of rejection by financial institutions. The longer the effects of the financial crisis exists among entrepreneurs, the longer they self-ration from credit market, which subsequently leads to reduced levels of investment, growth, and innovation among SMEs.

Originality/value
This research fills a gap in the literature of the effect of financial crisis on the latent demand for lending. It discusses the long-term effect of tightened credit supply among entrepreneurs even though the supply side has recuperated and recommenced pre-crisis activities.
The role of soil chemistry and plant neighbourhoods in structuring fungal communities in three Panamanian rainforests
Authors: Schappe Tyler , Albornoz Felipe E. , Turner Benjamin L. , Neat Abigail , Condit Richard , Jones F. Andrew 
Published: April 2017

Summary

Fungi play critical roles in ecosystem processes and interact with plant communities in mutualistic, pathogenic, and commensal ways. Fungal communities are thought to depend on both associated tree communities and soil properties. However, the relative importance of the biotic and abiotic drivers of soil fungal community structure and diversity in lowland tropical forests remains poorly understood.

We examined the community structure of trees and fungi at different levels of phosphorus (0·17–16·3 mg kg−1) in moist tropical forests in Panama. We predicted that arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal composition would be more strongly associated with soil properties than with local tree communities while the composition of other fungal clades would be more strongly correlated with local tree communities than soil properties. We also predicted that fungal operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness would be negatively correlated with soil fertility and positively correlated with tree species diversity within and among forests.

We characterized soil chemistry, fine root biomass, and sequenced the ITS1 barcode region to describe fungal community composition from 70 soil cores across three 1‐ha tropical rainforest sites in Panama. The sites vary in soil chemistry, including P, and in tree species community composition, but experience similar annual rainfall.

AM fungal community composition was partially correlated with soil chemistry (r = 0·32, P ≤ 0·001), but not with local tree communities, while non‐AM fungal communities were nearly equally correlated with soil chemistry (Partial Mantel test, r = 0·38, P ≤ 0·001) as with tree communities (r = 0·36, P ≤ 0·001). Linear models showed that AM OTU richness was not explained by any independent variable. For non‐AM fungi, phosphorus, pH, and soil moisture better predicted OTU richness across all cores than other biotic and abiotic factors.

Synthesis. Our results show that AM fungal structure is driven primarily by soil chemistry. For non‐AM fungi, soil properties and the local tree community can play a joint role in structuring communities. Furthermore, we found that more diverse local tree communities did not harbour more fungal species. Our results suggest that soil properties act as an environmental filter for both trees and fungi, setting the stage for interactions between the two.
Mid‐trimester residual cervical length and the risk of preterm birth in pregnancies after abdominal radical trachelectomy: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Kasuga Y , Miyakoshi K , Nishio H , Akiba Y , Otani T , Fukutake M , Ikenoue S , Ochiai D , Matsumoto T , Tanaka K , Minegishi K , Kuji N , Roberts R , Aoki D , Tanaka M 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between mid‐trimester residual cervical length (CL) and the risk of preterm birth in pregnancies after abdominal radical trachelectomy (RT).DesignRetrospective cohort study.SettingUniversity hospital.PopulationA total of 33 deliveries after 22 weeks’ gestation in 30 women who underwent abdominal RT including prophylactic cervical cerclage and perinatal care between January 2002 and May 2016.MethodsThe association between mid‐trimester residual CL (the distance between the cerclage and the external cervical os) and gestational age at delivery was investigated. Receiver–operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis was performed to estimate the optimal cut‐off values of the mid‐trimester residual CL for the prediction of preterm birth.Main outcome measuresPreterm birth before 34 weeks’ gestation.ResultsMid‐trimester residual CL showed a significant correlation with gestational age at delivery (r = 0.36, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in residual CL between women who did and those who did not give birth before 34 weeks (P < 0.05). Mid‐trimester residual CL < 13 mm was a good predictor of birth before 34 weeks, with a sensitivity of 67%, specificity of 75%, positive predictive value of 55% and negative predictive value of 86% (area under ROC curve, 0.75).ConclusionsMid‐trimester residual CL is significantly correlated with gestational age at delivery. Residual CL assessment could be used to reassure physicians and women that there is only a small chance of preterm birth in pregnancies after abdominal RT.Tweetable abstractMid‐trimester residual cervical length is a good predictor of preterm birth after radical trachelectomy.
Agri‐food Trade Between Brazil and the EU
Authors: Hubbard Carmen , Alvim Augusto Mussi , de Mattos Ely Jose , Hubbard Lionel 
Published: April 2017

SummaryInternational trade between the EU and Brazil has a typical North–South composition and, in general, would appear to reflect the principle of comparative advantage. Most of the agri‐food trade between the two is inter‐industry or one‐way in nature. Brazil is the largest of all exporters of agricultural products to the EU, but EU protectionism and trade barriers are a concern. Nominal Protection Coefficients indicate that producers in Brazil face prices that are close to border or world prices, and therefore are less protected than their counterparts in the EU. In terms of tariffs, ‘peaks’ are far more prevalent in the EU than in Brazil, and tariff ‘escalation’ reinforces the North–South nature of the trade flows. Low value‐added agricultural commodities exported from Brazil to the EU are, in general, subject to much lower tariffs than the processed derivatives with higher added value. Soya beans and coffee are prime examples. This makes it more difficult for Brazil to compete in the markets for higher value‐added products. A better understanding of the nature and pattern of agri‐food trade between Brazil and the EU should help to inform and potentially lead to better outcomes in the various ongoing trade negotiations.
Reducing Poverty and Food Insecurity in Rural Brazil: the Impact of the Zero Hunger Program
Authors: de Mattos Ely José , Bagolin Izete Pengo 
Published: April 2017

SummaryNearly one in six people in Brazil live in rural areas, representing a diverse population facing a variety of challenges that often differ from their urban counterparts. Access to basic food and the alleviation of poverty are key issues in many rural communities and this article provides an overview of the scope of public policies designed to improve food security and support poverty reduction in rural areas of Brazil. In particular we discuss actions implemented since 2003 under Brazil's Zero Hunger Program. The context for this important programme is described by reporting various indicators of poverty and food insecurity used for both rural and urban areas in Brazil. We argue that Brazil has been successful in reducing rural poverty and in improving the nutritional status of many people living in rural areas and that the Zero Hunger Program has played a significant role in achieving these positive outcomes. However, although poverty and hunger have been considerably reduced in the last decade, and there have been important improvements in rural areas, there is still a long way to go before Brazil can claim to have eliminated poverty and hunger.
Caboxamycin biosynthesis pathway and identification of novel benzoxazoles produced by cross‐talk in Streptomyces sp. NTK 937
Authors: Losada Armando A. , Cano‐Prieto Carolina , García‐Salcedo Raúl , Braña Alfredo F. , Méndez Carmen , Salas José A. , Olano Carlos 
Published: April 2017

SummaryStreptomyces sp. NTK937, producer of benzoxazole antibiotic caboxamycin, produces in addition a methyl ester derivative, O‐methylcaboxamycin. Caboxamycin cluster, comprising one regulatory and nine structural genes, has been delimited, and each gene has been individually inactivated to demonstrate its role in the biosynthetic process. The O‐methyltransferase potentially responsible for O‐methylcaboxamycin synthesis would reside outside this cluster. Five of the genes, cbxR, cbxA, cbxB, cbxD and cbxE, encoding a SARP transcriptional regulator, salicylate synthase, 3‐oxoacyl‐ACP‐synthase, ACP and amidohydrolase, respectively, have been found to be essential for caboxamycin biosynthesis. The remaining five structural genes were found to have paralogues distributed throughout the genome, capable of partaking in the process when their cluster homologue is inactivated. Two of such paralogues, cbxC’ and cbxI’, coding an AMP‐dependent synthetase‐ligase and an anthranilate synthase, respectively, have been identified. However, the other three genes might simultaneously have more than one paralogue, given that cbxF (DAHP synthase), cbxG (2,3‐dihydro‐2,3‐dihydroxybenzoate dehydrogenase) and cbxH (isochorismatase) have three, three and five putative paralogue genes, respectively, of similar function within the genome. As a result of genetic manipulation, a novel benzoxazole (3′‐hydroxycaboxamycin) has been identified in the salicylate synthase‐deficient mutant strain ΔcbxA. 3′‐hydroxycaboxamycin derives from the cross‐talk between the caboxamycin and enterobactin pathways.
Prevalence of varicocoele and its association with body mass index among 39,559 rural men in eastern China: a population‐based cross‐sectional study
Authors: Liu J. , Zhang S. , Liu M. , Wang Q. , Shen H. , Zhang Y. , Yan D. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryVaricocoele is a common cause of male infertility. We undertook a population‐based cross‐sectional study to evaluate the prevalence of varicocoele among rural men in eastern China and its association with body mass index. A total of 39,559 rural men in six counties in Beijing, Guangdong and Shandong provinces were recruited from 2011 to 2012. The presence and severity of varicocoele were measured by physical examinations. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were constructed to assess the association between varicocoele and body mass index after adjusting for possible confounders. Varicocoele was diagnosed in 1911 of 39,559 participants with an overall prevalence of 4.83%. The prevalence of varicocoele was highest in underweight (6.29%) and lowest in obese patients (3.71%, p < 0.05). The prevalence also decreased as body mass index increased in all three varicocoele grades. In multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for region, age, height, occupation, cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption, body mass index was still inversely and independently associated with varicocoele (p < 0.001). Compared with normal weight men, underweight men (OR = 1.34; 95% CI, 1.10–1.63) were more likely to have varicocoele, whereas overweight men (OR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79–0.99) and obese men (OR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.58–0.97) were less likely to have varicocoele. This study revealed that the prevalence of varicocoele was 4.83% among rural men in eastern China; body mass index was inversely and independently associated with the presence of varicocoele. Future efforts should be made to validate the risk factors for varicocoele and strengthen the prevention and treatment of varicocoele, especially in underweight men.
Letter: chronic hepatitis C genotype 3 infection – still a hurdle toward a direct‐acting anti‐viral‐induced HCV cure?
Authors: Bruno G. , Milella M. , Angarano G. , Saracino A. 
Published: April 2017

Linked ContentThis article is linked to Cornberg et al paper. To view this article visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13925.
Allostery at opioid receptors: modulation with small molecule ligands
Authors: Livingston Kathryn E , Traynor John R 
Published: April 2017

Opioid receptors are 7‐transmembrane domain receptors that couple to heterotrimeric G proteins. The endogenous ligands for opioid receptors are peptides which bind to the orthosteric site on the receptors. The μ‐opioid receptor is the target for opioid analgesics, while the δ‐opioid receptor has been suggested as a target for pain management, migraine and depression. Similarly, κ‐opioid receptors are involved in pain and depression and nociceptin receptors in pain and mood behaviours. However, exogenous orthosteric ligands for opioid receptors cause a myriad of on‐target side effects. Recently, selective allosteric ligands for μ‐ and δ‐opioid receptors have been described. These compounds bind to a site on the receptor distinct from the orthosteric site. Occupation of this allosteric site leads to modulation of orthosteric ligand binding affinity and/or efficacy. Allosteric modulators may be positive, negative or silent (neutral) (PAMs, NAMs or SAMs respectively). PAMs may have in vivo activity by enhancing the activity of exogenous drugs or endogenous opioid peptides. Enhancing endogenous opioid peptide activity maintains the temporal and spatial distribution of these molecules but improves, and potentially qualitatively changes, activity at their cognate receptors which could limit side effects compared with traditional opioid drugs. In this review, we describe the rationale and promise for the development of allosteric modulators for opioid receptors, the discovery of selective allosteric modulators, the identification of potential allosteric sites on opioid receptors and the mode of action of the modulators.Linked ArticlesThis article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc
Israel: Divided by Religion and Education
Authors: Cochran Judith A. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIsrael is a democracy splintered by religion and education. Two of its fastest growing religious groups, ultra‐Orthodox and Muslim Israeli Arabs, are not learning democratic principles or marketable skills that enable them to assist in the economic development of the country. Even Israelis who are attending secular and religious Israeli government schools are academically behind in mathematics as measured on 2011 international achievement tests of PISA and TIMSS. The history of religion and education from 1928 to 1955 built the foundation for the current divisions. The impact of the Ottoman and British occupation on citizens is particularized thorough the experiences of Elias Tuma, who lived under British and Israeli government systems. Today's educational system in Israel reinforces religious and sectarian conflict among its citizens. Educational and religious structural suggestions are provided for readers to consider. The implications of this work for future research are provided.