bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Comparison of Regional Versus General Anesthesia for Lumbar Spine Surgery: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Studies
Authors: Zorrilla-Vaca Andres , Healy Ryan J. , Mirski Marek A. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
General anesthesia (GA) is commonly used for lumbar spine surgery. The advantages of regional anesthesia (RA) for lumbar spine surgery, as compared with GA, remain unclear. The aim of this meta-analysis was to determine the impact of the type of anesthesia on intraoperative events, incidence of postoperative complications, and recovery time of patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.

Methods:
Major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane library, ISI Web of Science, and Google Scholar) were systematically searched for randomized clinical trials comparing regional versus GA for lumbar spine surgery. Study-level characteristics, intraoperative events, and postoperative complications were extracted from the articles. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effect models.

Results:
Fifteen randomized clinical trials comprising 961 patients were included in this meta-analysis. The use of RA for lumbar spine surgery was significantly associated with lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting at 24 hours (risk ratio [RR]=0.42; 95% confidence interval [CI]=0.23-0.77, P=0.005), as well as lower length of stay (standardized mean difference [SMD]=−0.73; 95% CI=−1.17 to −0.29, P=0.001) and intraoperative blood loss (SMD=−1.24; 95% CI=−2.27 to −0.21, P=0.02). There was no statistically significant association with lower pain score (SMD=−0.47; 95% CI=−2.13 to 1.19, P=0.58), lower incidence of urinary retention (RR=1.16; 95% CI=0.73-1.86, P=0.53) or analgesic requirement (RR=0.87; 95% CI=0.64-1.18, P=0.37).

Conclusions:
In summary, RA has several advantageous characteristics, including lower incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, length of stay, and blood loss. Further well-designed studies with more sample size are needed to clarify the associations with possible neurological complications.
Chronic Kidney Disease After Acute Kidney Injury Requiring Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy and Its Impact on Long-Term Outcomes: A Multicenter Retrospective Cohort Study in Korea*
Authors: An Jung Nam , Hwang Jin Ho , Kim Dong Ki , Lee Hajeong , Ahn Shin Young , Kim Sejoong , Park Jung Tak , Kang Shin-Wook , Oh Yun Kyu , Kim Yon Su , Lim Chun Soo , Oh Hyung Jung , Lee Jung Pyo 
Published: August 2016

Objectives:
Severe acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy is associated with a high risk of early mortality. Our objectives were to identify a cohort of early survivors and to follow their renal progress and long-term mortality.

Design:
Multicenter, observational, retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
ICUs in tertiary academic hospitals in Korea.

Patients:
From 2009 to 2013, we identified 1,764 severe acute kidney injury patients who were started on continuous renal replacement therapy at four hospitals. Of these, we identified 331 survivors for whom we could identify renal function at baseline and at 3 months.

Interventions:
None.

Measurements and Main Results:
The 331 patients were separated into two groups based on their renal function at 3 months after the start of continuous renal replacement therapy. Those who displayed significant deterioration in renal function compared to baseline, defined as greater than or equal to 50% increase in serum creatinine or greater than or equal to 35% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, or those who continued to receive renal replacement therapy were designated as a “3-month chronic kidney disease progression” group. Those with a return to baseline, less than 50% increase in serum creatinine or less than 35% decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate, were designated as a “3-month chronic kidney disease nonprogression” group. The acute kidney injury patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy showed a higher risk of progression to end-stage renal disease compared to that of stage 3 chronic kidney disease patients who did not undergo an acute kidney injury episode, even if the acute kidney injury was recovered at 3 months after continuous renal replacement therapy initiation. Furthermore, “3-month chronic kidney disease progression” was associated with a high risk of progression to end-stage renal disease and long-term mortality over a median follow-up period of 12.7 (3.8–33.2) and 20.4 (7.5–39.7) months, respectively. Older age, higher baseline serum creatinine levels, and higher blood urea nitrogen concentrations at continuous renal replacement therapy initiation, and lower 24-hour urine output after continuous renal replacement therapy initiation are associated with an increased risk of “3-month chronic kidney disease progression.”

Conclusions:
Renal functional assessment at 3 months after continuous renal replacement therapy initiation can be useful in predicting progression to end-stage renal disease and long-term mortality. Furthermore, continuous close monitoring and management of acute kidney injury patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy are required, even in those with recovered renal function.
Influence of Large Intraocular Pressure Reduction on Peripapillary OCT Vessel Density in Ocular Hypertensive and Glaucoma Eyes
Authors: Holló Gábor 
Published: August 2016

Background/Purpose:
Optical coherence tomography (OCT) angiography is a new noninvasive method to measure peripapillary microcirculation in various retinal layers, separately. In this case series, we investigate whether large medical intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction (>50% of the untreated baseline value) to IOP≤18 mm Hg influences peripapillary angioflow density (PAFD, percentage of the analyzed retinal area) in the retinal nerve fiber layer in high pressure (IOP≥35 mm Hg) ocular hypertensive and glaucoma eyes.

Methods:
The AngioVue OCT (software version 2015.100.0.33) was used for PAFD measurements in 6 eyes of 4 consecutive newly detected young patients (age: 32 to 45 y; 2 ocular hypertensive and 4 pigment dispersion/glaucoma eyes). PAFD was measured on high quality images (signal strength index >50) at untreated baseline and 2 to 4 weeks later when the IOP was medically reduced. The PAFD measurements were immediately followed by IOP measurements.

Results:
Untreated and under treatment IOP ranged between 35 and 42 mm Hg, and 12 and 18 mm Hg, respectively (IOP decrease >50% in all cases). Peripapillary PAFD increased in all cases, in 5 cases the increase was greater than the baseline value plus 2 test-retest variability determined earlier by us on glaucoma eyes.

Conclusions:
The results suggest that large medical IOP reduction may result in clinically significant increase of peripapillary capillary perfusion in the retinal nerve fiber layer in young individuals with high untreated IOP. To evaluate the clinical usefulness of OCT angiography in the management of glaucoma detailed prospective clinical studies are necessary.
Treatment of Recalcitrant Cyclitic Neovascular Pupillary Membranes
Authors: Spratt Alexander , Blieden Lauren S. , Dubovy Sander R. , Berrocal Audina , Lee Richard K. 
Published: August 2016

Purpose:
To describe a new approach for the treatment of cyclitic vascularized pupillary membranes.

Patients and Methods:
A retrospective interventional case series describing 3 patients undergoing a novel interventional treatment at a single institutional center.

Results:
This technique allows successful completion of laser membranectomy to create a pupillary aperture. This aperture resulted in improved vision and an enhanced ability to examine for and treat ischemic retinal disease.

Conclusions:
This technique describes a new use for bevacizumab that enables the surgeon to treat recalcitrant and recurrent cyclitic vascularized pupillary membranes.
Reliability of conditioned pain modulation: a systematic review
Authors: Kennedy Donna L. , Kemp Harriet I. , Ridout Deborah , Yarnitsky David , Rice Andrew S.C. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A systematic literature review was undertaken to determine if conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is reliable. Longitudinal, English language observational studies of the repeatability of a CPM test paradigm in adult humans were included. Two independent reviewers assessed the risk of bias in 6 domains; study participation; study attrition; prognostic factor measurement; outcome measurement; confounding and analysis using the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) critical assessment tool. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) less than 0.4 were considered to be poor; 0.4 and 0.59 to be fair; 0.6 and 0.75 good and greater than 0.75 excellent. Ten studies were included in the final review. Meta-analysis was not appropriate because of differences between studies. The intersession reliability of the CPM effect was investigated in 8 studies and reported as good (ICC = 0.6-0.75) in 3 studies and excellent (ICC > 0.75) in subgroups in 2 of those 3. The assessment of risk of bias demonstrated that reporting is not comprehensive for the description of sample demographics, recruitment strategy, and study attrition. The absence of blinding, a lack of control for confounding factors, and lack of standardisation in statistical analysis are common. Conditioned pain modulation is a reliable measure; however, the degree of reliability is heavily dependent on stimulation parameters and study methodology and this warrants consideration for investigators. The validation of CPM as a robust prognostic factor in experimental and clinical pain studies may be facilitated by improvements in the reporting of CPM reliability studies.
Practical Implications of Metacognitively Oriented Psychotherapy in Psychosis
Authors: de Jong Steven , van Donkersgoed Rozanne J.M. , Aleman André , van der Gaag Mark , Wunderink Lex , Arends Johan , Lysaker Paul H. , Pijnenborg Marieke 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In preparation for a multicenter randomized controlled trial, a pilot study was conducted investigating the feasibility and acceptance of a shortened version (12 vs. 40 sessions) of an individual metacognitive psychotherapy (Metacognitive Reflection and Insight Therapy [MERIT]). Twelve participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were offered 12 sessions of MERIT. Effect sizes were calculated for changes from baseline to treatment end for metacognitive capacity measured by the Metacognition Assessment Scale—Abbreviated. Nine of twelve patients finished treatment. However, nonsignificant moderate to large effect sizes were obtained on the primary outcome measure. This study is among the first to suggest that patients with schizophrenia will accept metacognitive therapy and evidence improvements in metacognitive capacity. Despite limitations typical to a pilot study, including a small sample size and lack of a control group, sufficient evidence of efficacy was obtained to warrant further investigation.
Patient's Loss of Empathy Is Associated With Caregiver Burden
Authors: Pomponi Massimiliano , Ricciardi Lucia , La Torre Giuseppe , Fusco Domenico , Morabito Bruno , Ricciardi Diego , Di Gioia Annamaria , Bernabei Roberto , Bentivoglio Anna Rita 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Patients benefit from the presence of empathic caregivers (CGs). In this regard, empathy toward the patient is one of the clinical targets for improving patient outcomes. However, relatively little is known about the impact of patients' empathic responses on the CGs' burden. Among people living with Parkinson's disease (PwP), care partners play a major role. This study involved 28 spouse-patient couples. Empathy, stress burden, and mood disorders (such as anxiety and depression) were assessed over a 6-month period, before and after the reported intervention. Our observation points out that the improvement of patient empathy is necessary for a significant burden reduction among spouses caring for PwP.
The Functional Exercise Capacity Is Associated With Global Functioning in People With Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Vancampfort Davy , Sienaert Pascal , Wyckaert Sabine , De Hert Marc , Stubbs Brendon , Richards Justin , Mugisha James , Probst Michel 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The aim of the current study was to determine whether the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) score is associated with the functional exercise capacity among in- and outpatients with bipolar disorder. Sixty-five (36♀) persons with bipolar disorder performed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and were assessed with the GAF, Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology Self Report (QIDS), and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The mean GAF-score was 55.0 ± 15.0, whereas the mean distance achieved on the 6MWT was 615.6 ± 118.6 m. There was a positive association between the GAF score and 6MWT score (r = 0.60, p < 0.001). A backward regression analysis demonstrated that an inpatient status, illness duration (16.1 ± 10.7 years), and the QIDS score (7.7 ± 5.7) explained 72.4% of the GAF-score variance. The GAF, QIDS score, and age explained 74.1% of the 6MWT-score variance. Our results indicate that a bidirectional relationship is evident between the exercise capacity and global functioning among people with bipolar disorder.
Exophthalmos, Diplopia, and Bilateral Eyelid Edema: Symptoms of Ocular Mastocytosis
Authors: Payerols Arnaud , Frouin Eric , Schiffmann Aurélie , Menjot de Champfleur Nicolas , Canioni Danielle , Chandesris Olivia , Costes Valérie , Villain Max , Mura Frédéric 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
Mastocytosis is characterized by clonal mast cell proliferation with accumulation within various organs and uncontrolled activation with excessive mast cell mediator release. Ocular manifestations have rarely been published. We describe a 63-year-old man with bilateral exophthalmos that led to the diagnosis of systemic mastocytosis.

Case Report
A patient presented with bilateral eyelid edema with exophthalmos associated with binocular diplopia. Ophthalmologic examination showed bilateral axial, symmetrical, and painless exophthalmos with eyelid edema, and limitation in elevation of the right eye. Visual acuity was normal. Orbital magnetic resonance imaging showed increased volume of both the superior and medial recti muscles and right inferior oblique muscle, and histopathological examination of orbital fat and muscle biopsies revealed an infiltration by mast cells. Serum tryptase was elevated. The patient also complained of a long history of pruritis and diffuse skin erythema that could be elicited with just mild pressure (Darier’s sign). A bone marrow biopsy confirmed the infiltration of abnormal mast cells with a D816V mutation in the KIT gene. Treatment with cladribine was initiated and resulted in resolution of both ocular and systemic signs and symptoms that persisted without relapse 18 months after discontinuation. Ocular mastocytosis is a rare condition, which was previously reported to involve the conjunctiva, cornea, uvea, eyelid, orbit, and choroid. Cases of ocular mastocytosis can be classified into two main groups: mast cells tumors (mastocytomas) and ocular manifestations associated with systemic mastocytosis. Histological examination of ocular samples is rarely performed, and there are no standard criteria for the diagnosis of ocular mastocytosis. Our case emphasizes cladribine could represent an alternative treatment.

Conclusions
Our case is the first published case of exophthalmos and eyelid edema associated with systemic mastocytosis confirmed by pathologic examination of periocular biopsies that was treated effectively with cladribine.
Computer-Assisted Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Prevent Relapse Following Electroconvulsive Therapy
Authors: Wilkinson Samuel T. , Ostroff Robert B. , Sanacora Gerard 
Published: August 2016

Objective
The goal of this study was to explore the feasibility and potential efficacy of providing computer-assisted cognitive behavior therapy (CCBT) after an index course of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) to prevent relapse.

Methods
In an open-label trial, subjects with major depressive episode who achieved response or remission after an acute treatment with ECT were recruited to enroll in a 9-module CCBT course. Subjects completed the CCBT modules in their own home at their own pace, but were asked to do at least 1 lesson per week, such that all 9 lessons would be completed in the first 2 months. Depression severity and relapse were monitored during the 6 months after ECT.

Results
Fifteen subjects (10 responders and 5 remitters) enrolled in the study and logged onto the CCBT course. The mean (SD) number of online lessons completed was 7.6 (1.7) or 84% of the total lessons and the mean (SD) time spent working online was 8.4 (3.9) hours. During the first 2 months (the prescribed time period), the mean (SD) number of lessons completed was 6.5 (1.8), or 72% and the mean (SD) time spent working online was 6.8 (3.2) hours. Of the entire sample of responders and remitters (n = 15), 5 (33%) relapsed at 6 months. Of the 5 remitters, none relapsed during this time period.

Conclusions
Our results provide preliminary evidence that CCBT is feasible following ECT. Large controlled trials are needed to definitively assess whether this strategy is efficacious in preventing relapse.
Knowledge of and Attitude Toward Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Among Psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlHadi Ahmad N. , AlShiban Abdulrahman M. , Alomar Majed A. , Aljadoa Othman F. , AlSayegh Ahmed M. , Jameel Mohammed A. 
Published: August 2016

Objectives
The aims of this study were to assess psychiatrists' knowledge of and attitudes toward repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Saudi Arabia and to determine the contributing factors.

Methods
A quantitative observational cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey. The sample consisted of 96 psychiatrists in Saudi Arabia. A new valid and reliable questionnaire was developed.

Results
A total of 96 psychiatrists enrolled in the study, 81% of whom were men. Half of the participants were consultants. The sample mainly consisted of general psychiatrists (65%). The mean age of the participants was 37 years. The results showed that 80% of the psychiatrists had a sufficient level of knowledge about rTMS. Consultants had greater knowledge than residents. Training abroad was not significantly associated with the level of knowledge or the type of attitude. Most psychiatrists (79%) had a positive attitude toward rTMS. Only 53% of the psychiatrists said they would agree to receive rTMS if they experienced a psychotic depressive condition. A minority of psychiatrists (7%) said they would not refer their patients for rTMS.

Conclusions
Most of the psychiatrists surveyed had good knowledge of and a positive attitude toward rTMS. Those who had a high level of training and experience showed higher levels of knowledge. Articles were reported to be a better source for improving physician knowledge than textbooks. Having a family member or relative who was treated with rTMS positively affected psychiatrists' attitudes toward rTMS.
Inference of the distribution of selection coefficients for new nonsynonymous mutations using large samples
Authors: Kim Bernard Y. , Huber Christian D. , Lohmueller Kirk E. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe distribution of fitness effects (DFE) has considerable importance in population genetics. To date, estimates of the DFE come from studies using a small number of individuals. Thus, estimates of the proportion of moderately to strongly deleterious new mutations may be unreliable because such variants are unlikely to be segregating in the data. Additionally, the true functional form of the DFE is unknown, and estimates of the DFE differ significantly between studies. Here we present a flexible and computationally tractable method, called Fit∂a∂i, to estimate the DFE using the site frequency spectrum from a large number of individuals. We apply our approach to the frequency spectrum of 1300 Europeans from the Exome Sequencing Project ESP6400 dataset, 1298 Danes from the LuCamp dataset, and 432 Europeans from the 1000 Genomes Project to estimate the DFE of deleterious nonsynonymous mutations. We infer significantly fewer (0.38-0.84x) strongly deleterious mutations with selection coefficient |s| > 0.01 and more (1.24-1.43x) weakly deleterious mutations with selection coefficient |s| < 0.001 compared to previous estimates. Furthermore, a DFE that is a mixture distribution of a point mass at neutrality plus a gamma distribution fits best to two of the three datasets. Our results suggest that nearly neutral forces play a larger role in human evolution than previously thought.
The impact of chromatin dynamics on Cas9-mediated genome editing in human cells
Authors: Daer René M. , Cutts Josh P. , Brafman David A. , Haynes Karmella A. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTIn order to efficiently edit eukaryotic genomes, it is critical to test the impact of chromatin dynamics on CRISPR/Cas9 function and develop strategies to adapt the system to eukaryotic contexts. So far, research has extensively characterized the relationship between the CRISPR endonuclease Cas9 and the composition of the RNADNA duplex that mediates the system’s precision. Evidence suggests that chromatin modifications and DNA packaging can block eukaryotic genome editing by custom-built DNA endonucleases like Cas9; however, the underlying mechanism of Cas9 inhibition is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that closed, gene-silencing-associated chromatin is a mechanism for the interference of Cas9-mediated DNA editing. Our assays use a transgenic cell line with a drug-inducible switch to control chromatin states (open and closed) at a single genomic locus. We show that closed chromatin inhibits editing at specific target sites, and that artificial reversal of the silenced state restores editing efficiency. These results provide new insights to improve Cas9-mediated editing in human and other mammalian cells.
Empirical assessment of published effect sizes and power in the recent cognitive neuroscience and psychology literature
Authors: Szucs Denes , Ioannidis John PA 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe have empirically assessed the distribution of published effect sizes and estimated power by extracting more than 100,000 statistical records from about 10,000 cognitive neuroscience and psychology papers published during the past 5 years. The reported median effect size was d=0.93 (inter-quartile range: 0.64-1.46) for nominally statistically significant results and d=0.24 (0.11-0.42) for non-significant results. Median power to detect small, medium and large effects was 0.12, 0.44 and 0.73, reflecting no improvement through the past half-century. Power was lowest for cognitive neuroscience journals. 14% of papers reported some statistically significant results, although the respective F statistic and degrees of freedom proved that these were non-significant; p value errors positively correlated with journal impact factors. False report probability is likely to exceed 50% for the whole literature. In light of our findings the recently reported low replication success in psychology is realistic and worse performance may be expected for cognitive neuroscience.