bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Osteopontin level correlates negatively with tumor shrinkage in neoadjuvant chemoradiation of locally advanced rectal cancer
Authors: Primasari Mirna , Gondhowiardjo Soehartati A , Handjari DiahRini , Matondang Sahat , Kantaatmadja Adang Bachtiar 
Published: February 2016

<strong>Background and Purpose</strong>: Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (CRT) is the mainstay treatment for locally advanced rectal carcinoma. However, the response is varied due to many factors, including tissue hypoxia. Osteopontin (OPN) is an emerging endogen hypoxic marker with significant correlation towards tumor pO2, also a more accurate chronic hypoxic marker compared to carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX), glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), and lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA); but as far as we know there is no research that measured OPN quantity in rectal cancer tissue and correlated it with tumor shrinkage response in neoadjuvant CRT. <strong>Materials and Method</strong>: Fourteen patients that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were analyzed retrospectively. Imaging was evaluated for tumor shrinkage percentage and categorized based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria. OPN level quantitative results from rectal cancer tissue were obtained using ELISA method. <strong>Results</strong>: The mean OPN concentration was 0.568 ± 0.26 ng/mL. There was a significant strong negative correlation (<em>r </em>= −0.630, <em>p </em>= 0.016) between the OPN level and tumor shrinkage. OPN cut off value of ≥0.538 ng/mL predicted non-responsiveness of tumor shrinkage in neoadjuvant CRT with 100% sensitivity and 81.8% specificity. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: Hypoxia occurred in locally advanced rectal carcinoma patients. Higher level of OPN correlates negatively with tumor shrinkage, proved worse response of CRT given.<p> </p>
New ANCHORS For Business Schools In The New Economy
Authors: Hoque Monzurul 
Published: February 2016

In this article we illustrate changes taking place in the context, economy and environment in which business schools currently operate. These changes point out the continuous need to devise new business school models to survive and prosper. Further, we elaborate a contextual perspective obtained from the current best practices of business schools to spring forth new strategies in a changing world. After decades of unprecedented growth, business schools are facing an outlook that is suddenly looking much less sunny. Increasing pressure to globalize, declining enrollments, criticism from corporate America, and changes in both business and society are forcing business schools to face the fact that they must adapt or die. As the economy continues to move toward an information-based system, and corporations more heavily favor active learning over theoretical studies, business schools are facing an intensifying crisis. The schools’ best hope is to systematically analyze their own strategies and integrate the concepts of the new economy with their own core values. To devise a strategy for succeeding in these turbulent times, we suggest schools base their strategies in the ANCHORS plan. This helps school officials build from a base that identifies their missions and core competencies, leads them to organizational effectiveness, and helps them create a sustainable advantage in their marketplace. The ANCHORS plan provides a multidimensional basis for coping with changing times and also helps schools identify the markets they will serve.
Criminal Law In Antarctica: Law West Of The Pecos Revisited
Authors: Seganish W. Michael 
Published: February 2016

In a criminal law matter, jurisdiction is often a minor consideration. That is, where the crime is committed determines who has the right to prosecute and what law applies. There may be some jurisdictional issues whether state law or federal law governs in the United States; but this is by and large resolved by one taking jurisdiction. The same would be normally true in the international law area where it was committed. That is, if a crime is committed in France or Germany, then the law where it was committed would prevail subject to other international issues such as diplomatic immunity which would prevent a sovereign from prosecuting. This is not the case in Antarctica because Antarctica belongs to no one particular nation. It is governed by the Antarctic Treaty. The Treaty is mindful of territorial claims and defers to a sector theory as to which criminal law applies. This means in this sovereign-less continent that one cannot tell specifically what criminal law, if any, exists to regulate activities. This has numerous ramifications other than the micro application in one particular case because from a macro point of view actions can occur for which there is no remedy. The analysis limits itself to criminal law issues, but much larger implications exist in the event of an environmental disaster, for example, where there may be no remedy against an offending party.
Implementing Knowledge Management
Authors: Chan Peng , Pollard Dennis , Puriveth Piboon 
Published: February 2016

The growing reliance on intellectual assets to gain competitive advantage has necessitated the development and implementation of knowledge management systems in order to collect, organize and transfer all of the knowledge accumulated by modern organizations. This study is presented as a consolidation of previous research performed in this area, and integrates this work with a meta-analysis of two real life case studies. The corresponding results suggest that the tacit/explicit dimension of knowledge is a strong indicator of the type of knowledge management strategy a given company should follow.
Barriers To B2C Segment Of E-Business
Authors: Khan M. B. , Martin Merle 
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this paper is to identify several barriers affecting B2C segment growth and to project technological advances that may soften or eliminate these barriers. Included in the paper is an analysis of the interrelationship between barriers and products. Finally, the paper presents the impact of technology-controlled and human-controlled factors on Internet sale.
Price Discovery In The Soybean Futures Market
Authors: Adrangi Bahram , Chatrath Arjun , Raffiee Kambiz 
Published: February 2016

This paper investigates the price discovery process between the nearby futures prices of soybean, soy meal, and soy oil contracts (Crush constituents) in the U.S. Relationships between these commodities may bear important implications for trading strategies, market inefficiencies, or the derived demand theory. Furthermore, our findings are relevant in light of market microstructure theories, which maintain that the price information disseminates from more liquid contracts. Our VAR and bivariate GARCH model estimates suggest a strong bi-directional causality in Crush futures prices. We also find that while soybean contracts bear the burden of convergence when the spread between soybean and soy meal contract prices widens, this is not true of soybean and soy oil contracts. Furthermore, we show evidence of considerable volatility persistence for the three contracts and volatility spillover between soybean and other Crush constituent futures. The statistical evidence suggests that information arrives in these markets simultaneously. Our findings do not support the derived demand theory.
Identifying Engines Of Growth In A Substate Economy
Authors: Dunne Maureen , Meaney Martha , Sjuib Fahlino , Schumacher Charles , Stevens Sean 
Published: February 2016

In the current economy, states and substate regions seek to identify the sources of economic growth in order to improve economic development efforts. The objectives of the paper are threefold. First, using selected economic criteria, we examine the growth in the labor force of the substate region. Second, using selected economic indicators, we detect the existence of growth in employment, establishments, payroll and wages in the substate region. Finally, we explore the causal relationship among selected economic variables in the substate region and determine the direction of causality between variables. Several techniques and analyses are used in this study, including labor force analysis, location quotients, and the error correction model. The methodology and economic indicators used in this research can be applied to similar substate regions allowing comparison among regions and facilitating regional economic development efforts.
A Meta‐Analysis of Maize and Wheat Yields in Low‐Input vs. Conventional and Organic Systems
Authors: Hossard Laure , Archer David W. , Bertrand Michel , Colnenne‐David Caroline , Debaeke Philippe , Ernfors Maria , Jeuffroy Marie‐Helene , Munier‐Jolain Nicolas , Nilsson Chris , Sanford Gregg R. , Snapp Sieg S. , Jensen Erik S. , Makowski David 
Published: February 2016

Organic and low‐input systems are proposed as ways to reduce the environmental impacts of agriculture. Previous studies have shown that yields of organic systems can be ∼19 to 25% lower than conventional systems. An intermediary, low‐input system could be less damaging for the environment than conventional systems, while reducing yield losses in comparison with organic systems. In this study, we performed a meta‐analysis to compare low‐input systems to conventional and organic systems. Our analysis is based on data of cropping system experiments conducted in Europe and North America, and focuses on two important crops, maize (Zea mays L.) and soft winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Pesticide use was greatly reduced for low‐input systems as compared with conventional for the two crops (50% for maize, 70% for wheat on average). Mean mineral N use was also reduced by 36% for maize and 28% for wheat in low‐input relative to conventional. Maize yields in low‐input systems were not different from those in conventional systems, and were higher than yields in organic systems (yield ratio of low‐input vs. organic = 1.24). Wheat yields in low‐input systems were lower than yields in conventional systems (yield ratio of low‐input vs. conventional = 0.88), but were substantially higher than yields in organic systems (yield ratio of low input vs. organic = 1.43). This is one of the first meta‐analyses to assess performance in terms of pesticide use intensity, and yields, with clear evidence emerging that low‐input systems can markedly reduce pesticide application, without strongly reducing crop yields, relative to conventional systems.Core Ideas

Maize yields are equivalent for tested low‐input and conventional systems.
Maize yields are on average 24% higher for tested low‐input relative to organic.
Wheat yield average is 12% lower in tested low‐input than in conventional systems.
Wheat yields are on average 43% higher for tested low‐input relative to organic.
Mean pesticide use is more than halved in low‐input compared to conventional systems.
Improved COD Measurements for Organic Content in Flowback Water with High Chloride Concentrations
Authors: Cardona Isabel , Park Ho Il , Lin Lian‐Shin 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT: An improved method was used to determine chemical oxygen demand (COD) as a measure of organic content in water samples containing high chloride content. A contour plot of COD percent error in the Cl–‐Cl–:COD domain showed that COD errors increased with Cl–:COD. Substantial errors (>10%) could occur in low Cl–:COD regions (<300) for samples with low (<10 g/L) and high chloride concentrations (>25 g/L). Applying the method to flowback water samples resulted in COD concentrations ranging in 130 to 1060 mg/L, which were substantially lower than the previously reported values for flowback water samples from Marcellus Shale (228 to 21 900 mg/L). It is likely that overestimations of COD in the previous studies occurred as result of chloride interferences. Pretreatment with mercuric sulfate, and use of a low‐strength digestion solution, and the contour plot to correct COD measurements are feasible steps to significantly improve the accuracy of COD measurements.
Another way of looking at treatment stability
Authors: Zinad Kaoutar , Schols Annemie M.W.J. , Schols Jan G.J.H. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine the contribution of normal physiological changes to the overall manifestation of a relapse after orthodontic treatment. We analyzed long-term changes in the dentition of patients with Class I malocclusions after orthodontic treatment compared with a representative group with untreated Class I malocclusions.

Materials and Methods:
Study participants (n  =  66; mean age, 12 years at treatment initiation) were treated for Class I malocclusions. Dental changes were evaluated at 2, 5, 10, and 15 years after treatment. Control participants (n  =  79) had untreated Class I malocclusions (n  =  53 evaluated at ages 12 and 22 years; n  =  26 evaluated at ages 19 and 39 years). Dental changes were evaluated with the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) index.

Results:
In untreated and treated groups, PAR scores increased over time with gender-specific changes. In the untreated groups, the PAR score significantly increased in male participants between the ages of 12 and 22 years (P  =  .04) and in female participants between the ages of 19 and 39 years (P  =  .001). In the treated group, early posttreatment changes were primarily related to the initial treatment response. Later changes in the PAR score could be attributed to physiological changes, with the same gender-specific changes as those observed in the untreated group.

Conclusions:
The pattern of physiological changes in dentition for participants between the ages of 12 and 39 was different between sexes. Females showed more relapse than males between 10 and 15 years posttreatment. This distinction should be considered when evaluating long-term orthodontic treatment responses.
Case Report: A Predictable Technique to Establish Occlusal Contact in Extensive Direct Composite Resin Restorations: The DSO-Technique
Authors: Opdam NJM , Skupien JA , Kreulen CM , Roeters JJM , Loomans BAC , Huysmans MC DNJM 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARY
This paper describes the application technique of direct shaping by occlusion (DSO) for large composite restorations including the entire occlusal surface. For this technique, matrix bands and wedges are inserted without interference with antagonists in the desired occlusion. The final increment of soft-composite resin is shaped by letting the patient occlude on the uncured composite. Due to the nature of the technique, special care has to be taken for moisture control and handling of contamination. The procedure, advantages, and limitations of the technique are discussed.
Treatment of Dentin Hypersensitivity Using Nano-Hydroxyapatite Pastes: A Randomized Three-Month Clinical Trial
Authors: Wang L , Magalhães AC , Francisconi-dos-Rios LF , Calabria MP , Araújo DFG , Buzalaf MAR , Lauris JRP , Pereira JC 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARY
Objectives: This randomized clinical trial tested the three-month desensitizing effect of two protocols using nano-hydroxyapatite formulations compared with Pro-Argin and fluoride varnish.
Methods: Twenty-eight subjects with 137 teeth presenting dentin exposure with a minimal hypersensitivity of four on the visual analog scale (VAS) took part of this study. The subjects were randomly assigned to four groups: Desensibilize Nano-P paste (20% hydroxyapatite [HAP], potassium nitrate, and sodium fluoride [NaF]; 9000 ppm fluoride [F]); Desensibilize Nano-P associated with experimental home-care pastes (10% HA, potassium nitrate, and NaF; 900 ppm F); Pro-Relief professional paste (8% arginine with Pro-Argin technology) associated with home-care toothpaste (8% arginine, sodium monofluorophosphate, 1450 ppm F); and Duraphat professional varnish (NaF varnish, 22,600 ppm F). The professional treatments were performed in weekly appointments over three weeks. The home-care products were used continuously for three months. A VAS was used to assess the tooth sensitivity response after standardized evaporative stimulus at baseline and after one month and three months. The baseline score was deducted from the final score, and the means were analyzed using nested analysis of variance, while the comparison between times was performed by a general linear model (p&lt;0.05).
Results: At the first month all treatments were effective, but there were no significant differences among them (p=0.94). At the third month, despite the fact that NaF varnish had the lowest effect in reducing hypersensitivity, no significant difference was found among the treatments (p=0.09). Only Pro-Relief increased its effect over time (p=0.049).
Conclusions: Nano-hydroxyapatite formulations (with or without home-&gt;care product association) were as effective as the other treatments in reducing dentin hypersensitivity over three months.
Extended Resin Composite Restorations: Techniques and Procedures
Authors: Loomans B , Hilton T 
Published: February 2016

SUMMARY
This article gives an overview of the state of the art of different restorative treatment procedures and techniques needed for placing extended posterior resin composite restorations. Clinical aspects related to the procedure are discussed and reviewed based on the current literature, such as the use of proper adhesive restorative materials, use of liners and bases, moisture control, reconstruction of proximal contacts, extended resin composite restorations, and techniques to address restoring teeth with deep subgingival margins.
Evaluation of the anesthetic efficacy of alfaxalone in oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus)
Authors: Bugman Alice M. , Langer Peter T. , Hadzima Eva , Rivas Anne E. , Mitchell Mark A. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate effects of alfaxalone on heart rate (HR), opercular rate (OpR), results of blood gas analysis, and responses to noxious stimuli in oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus).
ANIMALS 6 healthy subadult oscar fish.
PROCEDURES Each fish was immersed in water containing 5 mg of alfaxalone/L. Water temperature was maintained at 25.1°C, and water quality was appropriate for this species. The HR, OpR, response to noxious stimuli, and positioning in the tank were evaluated, and blood samples for blood gas analysis were collected before (baseline), during, and after anesthesia.
RESULTS Immersion anesthesia of oscar fish with alfaxalone (5 mg/L) was sufficient for collection of diagnostic samples in all fish. Mean ± SD induction time was 11 ± 3.8 minutes (minimum, 5 minutes; maximum, 15 minutes), and mean recovery time was 37.5 ± 13.7 minutes (minimum, 20 minutes; maximum, 55 minutes). There was a significant difference in OpR over time, with respiratory rates significantly decreasing between baseline and anesthesia and then significantly increasing between anesthesia and recovery. There was no significant difference in HR over time. Median lactate concentrations were significantly increased in all anesthetized fish. Other physiologic or blood gas variables did not change significantly.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Alfaxalone should be considered as a readily available and easy-to-use anesthetic for oscar fish. Because it is more likely to be found in veterinary hospitals than other traditional anesthetics for fish, its value as an anesthetic for other species of fish should also be considered.
Changes in pulse pressure variation and plethysmographic variability index caused by hypotension-inducing hemorrhage followed by volume replacement in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs
Authors: Klein Adriana V. , Teixeira-Neto Francisco J. , Garofalo Natache A. , Lagos-Carvajal Angie P. , Diniz Miriely S. , Becerra-Velásquez Diana R. 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare changes in pulse pressure variation (PPV) and plethysmographic variability index (PVI) induced by hemorrhage followed by volume replacement (VR) in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.
ANIMALS 7 healthy adult dogs.
PROCEDURE Each dog was anesthetized with isoflurane and mechanically ventilated. End-tidal isoflurane concentration was adjusted to maintain mean arterial pressure (MAP) at 60 to 70 mm Hg before hemorrhage. Controlled hemorrhage was initiated and continued until the MAP decreased to 40 to 50 mm Hg, then autologous blood removed during hemorrhage was retransfused during VR. Various physiologic variables including PPV and PVI were recorded immediately before (baseline) and after controlled hemorrhage and immediately after VR.
RESULTS Mean ± SD PPV and PVI were significantly increased from baseline after hemorrhage (PPV, 20 ± 6%; PVI, 18 ± 4%). After VR, the mean PPV (7 ± 3%) returned to a value similar to baseline, whereas the mean PVI (10 ± 3%) was significantly lower than that at baseline. Cardiac index (CI) and stroke index (SI) were significantly decreased from baseline after hemorrhage (CI, 2.07 ± 0.26 L/min/m2; SI, 20 ± 3 mL/beat/m2) and returned to values similar to baseline after VR (CI, 4.25 ± 0.63 L/min/m2; SI, 36 ± 6 mL/beat/m2). There was a significant positive correlation (r2 = 0.77) between PPV and PVI after hemorrhage.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results suggested that both PPV and PVI may be useful for identification of dogs that respond to VR with increases in SI and CI (ie, dogs in the preload-dependent limb of the Frank-Starling curve).
Effects of a medetomidine-ketamine combination on Schirmer tear test I results of clinically normal cats
Authors: Di Pietro Simona , Macrì Francesco , Bonarrigo Tiziana , Giudice Elisabetta , Palumbo Piccionello Angela , Pugliese Antonio 
Published: February 2016

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a medetomidine-ketamine combination on tear production of clinically normal cats by use of the Schirmer tear test (STT) 1 before and during anesthesia and after reversal of medetomidine with atipamezole.
ANIMALS 40 client-owned crossbred domestic shorthair cats (23 males and 17 females; age range, 6 to 24 months).
PROCEDURES A complete physical examination, CBC, and ophthalmic examination were performed on each cat. Cats with no abnormalities on physical and ophthalmic examinations were included in the study. Cats were allocated into 2 groups: a control group (n = 10 cats) anesthetized by administration of a combination of medetomidine hydrochloride (80 μg/kg) and ketamine hydrochloride (5 mg/kg), and an experimental group (30) anesthetized with the medetomidine-ketamine combination and reversal by administration of atipamezole. Tear production of both eyes of each cat was measured by use of the STT I before anesthesia, 15 minutes after the beginning of anesthesia, and 15 minutes after administration of atipamezole.
RESULTS Anesthesia with a medetomidine-ketamine combination of cats with no ophthalmic disease caused a significant decrease in tear production. The STT I values returned nearly to preanesthetic values within 15 minutes after reversal with atipamezole, whereas the STT I values for the control group were still low at that point.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Results indicated that a tear substitute should be administered to eyes of cats anesthetized with a medetomidine-ketamine combination from the time of anesthetic administration until at least 15 minutes after administration of atipamezole.