bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SGR A* AND ITS ENVIRONMENT: LOW-MASS STAR FORMATION, THE ORIGIN OF X-RAY GAS AND COLLIMATED OUTFLOW
Authors: Yusef-Zadeh F. , Wardle M. , Schödel R. , Roberts D. A. , Cotton W. , Bushouse H. , Arendt R. , Royster M. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present high-resolution multiwavelength radio continuum images of the region within 150″ of Sgr A*, revealing a number of new extended features and stellar sources in this region. First, we detect a continuous 2″ east–west ridge of radio emission, linking Sgr A* and a cluster of stars associated with IRS 13 N and IRS 13E. The ridge suggests that an outflow of east–west blob-like structures is emerging from Sgr A*. In particular, we find arc-like radio structures within the ridge with morphologies suggestive of photoevaporative protoplanetary disks. We use infrared K
s
and L′ fluxes to show that the emission has similar characteristics to those of a protoplanetary disk irradiated by the intense radiation field at the Galactic center. This suggests that star formation has taken place within the S-cluster 2″ from Sgr A*. We suggest that the diffuse X-ray emission associated with Sgr A* is due to an expanding hot wind produced by the mass loss from B-type main sequence stars, and/or the disks of photoevaporation of low mass young stellar objects (YSOs) at a rate of ∼10−6

yr−1. The proposed model naturally reduces the inferred accretion rate and is an alternative to the inflow–outflow style models to explain the underluminous nature of Sgr A*. Second, on a scale of 5″ from Sgr A*, we detect new cometary radio and infrared sources at a position angle PA ∼ 50° which is similar to that of two other cometary sources X3 and X7, all of which face Sgr A*. In addition, we detect a striking tower of radio emission at a PA ∼ 50°–60° along the major axis of the Sgr A East supernova remnant shell on a scale of 150″ from Sgr A*. We suggest that the cometary sources and the tower feature are tracing interaction sites of a mildly relativistic jet from Sgr A* with the atmosphere of stars and the nonthermal Sgr A East shell at a PA ∼ 50°–60° with

, and opening angle 10°. Lastly, we suggest that the east–west ridge of radio emission traces an outflow that is potentially associated with past flaring activity from Sgr A*. The position angle of the outflow driven by flaring activity is close to −90°.
HeCS-SZ: THE HECTOSPEC SURVEY OF SUNYAEV–ZELDOVICH-SELECTED CLUSTERS
Authors: Rines Kenneth J. , Geller Margaret J. , Diaferio Antonaldo , Hwang Ho Seong 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We estimate cluster masses and velocity dispersions for 123 clusters from optical spectroscopy to compare the Sunyaev–Zeldovich (SZ) mass proxy and dynamical masses. Our new survey, HeCS-SZ (Hectospec Cluster Survey of SZ-selected clusters), includes 7721 new or remeasured redshifts from MMT/Hectospec observations of 21 SZ-selected clusters at redshifts z = 0.05–0.20. We supplement the Hectospec data with spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) and cluster data from the Cluster Infall Regions in SDSS project and the Hectospec Cluster Survey, our Hectospec survey of clusters selected by X-ray flux. We measure the scaling relation between velocity dispersion and SZ mass estimates from the integrated Compton parameter for an SZ-complete sample of 83 clusters. The observed relation agrees very well with a simple virial scaling from mass (based on SZ) to velocity dispersion. The SZ mass estimates (calibrated with hydrostatic X-ray mass estimates) are not significantly biased compared to dynamical mass estimates under the assumption of small velocity bias of galaxies compared to dark matter particles. Significant mass bias in SZ mass estimates could relieve tension between cosmological results from Planck SZ cluster counts and Planck CMB data. In principle, SZ mass bias and velocity bias of galaxies could conspire to yield good agreement, but the required velocity bias is

, outside the range of recent models of velocity bias in the literature. More likely, SZ mass bias and velocity bias are both small, and the tension between SZ cluster counts and CMB data requires another explanation.
PRESSURE EFFECTS IN POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC NITROGENATED HETEROCYCLES (PANHs): DIAGNOSTIC QUALITIES AND COSMOBAROMETRY POTENTIAL
Authors: Montgomery Wren , Sephton Mark A. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
The influence of polycyclic aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (PANHs), which have been suggested as contributors to the interstellar IR emission bands, on interstellar emission features is difficult to constrain because their infrared characteristics are strongly similar to those for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). One possible solution is to seek a means of visualizing the presence of PANHs that provides information that is distinct from that for PAHs. Although PANHs and PAHs have similar infrared characteristics in many settings, this relationship may not be universally maintained. We have used in situ high-pressure synchrotron-source Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to determine that the responses of two representative molecules, acridine and anthracene, differ at high pressures (>ca. 1 GPa). Because there are a number of high-pressure environments that can be remotely observed by infrared spectroscopy, they represent a potential to glimpse the distribution of PANHs across the cosmos.
THE CLOSE STELLAR COMPANIONS TO INTERMEDIATE-MASS BLACK HOLES
Authors: MacLeod Morgan , Trenti Michele , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
When embedded in dense cluster cores, intermediate-mass black holes (IMBHs) acquire close stellar or stellar-remnant companions. These companions are not only gravitationally bound, but also tend to hierarchically isolate from other cluster stars through series of multibody encounters. In this paper we study the demographics of IMBH companions in compact star clusters through direct N-body simulations. We study clusters initially composed of 105 or 2 × 105 stars with IMBHs of 75 and 150 solar masses, and we follow their evolution for 6–10 Gyr. A tight, innermost binary pair of IMBH and stellar object rapidly forms. The IMBH has a companion with an orbital semimajor axis at least three times tighter than the second-most-bound object over 90% of the time. These companionships have typical periods on the order of years and are subject to cycles of exchange and destruction. The most frequently observed, long-lived pairings persist for ∼107 years. The demographics of IMBH companions in clusters are diverse: they include both main-sequence, giant stars and stellar remnants. Companion objects may reveal the presence of an IMBH in a cluster in one of several ways. The most-bound companion stars routinely suffer grazing tidal interactions with the IMBH, offering a dynamical mechanism to produce repeated flaring episodes like those seen in the IMBH candidate HLX-1. The stellar winds of companion stars provide a minimum quiescent accretion rate for IMBHs, with implications for radio searches for IMBH accretion in globular clusters. Finally, gravitational wave inspirals of compact objects occur with promising frequency.
LONGITUDINAL PROPERTIES OF A WIDESPREAD SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENT ON 2014 FEBRUARY 25: EVOLUTION OF THE ASSOCIATED CME SHOCK
Authors: Lario D. , Kwon R.-Y. , Vourlidas A. , Raouafi N. E. , Haggerty D. K. , Ho G. C. , Anderson B. J. , Papaioannou A. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Dresing N. , Riley P. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate the solar phenomena associated with the origin of the solar energetic particle (SEP) event observed on 2014 February 25 by a number of spacecraft distributed in the inner heliosphere over a broad range of heliolongitudes. These include spacecraft located near Earth; the twin Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory spacecraft, STEREO-A and STEREO-B, located at ∼1 au from the Sun 153° west and 160° east of Earth, respectively; the MErcury Surface Space ENvironment GEochemistry and Ranging mission (at 0.40 au and 31° west of Earth); and the Juno spacecraft (at 2.11 au and 48° east of Earth). Although the footpoints of the field lines nominally connecting the Sun with STEREO-A, STEREO-B and near-Earth spacecraft were quite distant from each other, an intense high-energy SEP event with Fe-rich prompt components was observed at these three locations. The extent of the extreme-ultraviolet wave associated with the solar eruption generating the SEP event was very limited in longitude. However, the white-light shock accompanying the associated coronal mass ejection extended over a broad range of longitudes. As the shock propagated into interplanetary space it extended over at least ∼190° in longitude. The release of the SEPs observed at different longitudes occurred when the portion of the shock magnetically connected to each spacecraft was already at relatively high altitudes (≳2 R
⊙ above the solar surface). The expansion of the shock in the extended corona, as opposite to near the solar surface, determined the SEP injection and SEP intensity-time profiles at different longitudes.
THE METALLICITY EVOLUTION OF BLUE COMPACT DWARF GALAXIES FROM THE INTERMEDIATE REDSHIFT TO THE LOCAL UNIVERSE
Authors: Lian Jianhui , Hu Ning , Fang Guanwen , Ye Chengyun , Kong Xu 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We present oxygen abundance measurements for 74 blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies in the redshift range of [0.2, 0.5] using the strong-line method. The spectra of these objects are taken using Hectospec on the Multiple Mirror Telescope. More than half of these BCDs had dust attenuation corrected using the Balmer decrement method. For comparison, we also selected a sample of 2023 local BCDs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database. Based on the local and intermediate-z BCD samples, we investigated the cosmic evolution of the metallicity, star formation rate (SFR), and D
n(4000) index. Compared with local BCDs, the intermediate-z BCDs had a systematically higher R23 ratio but a similar O32 ratio. Interestingly, no significant deviation in the mass–metallicity (MZ) relation was found between the intermediate-z and local BCDs. Besides the metallicity, the intermediate-z BCDs also exhibited an SFR distribution that was consistent with local BCDs, suggesting a weak dependence on redshift. The intermediate-z BCDs seemed to be younger than the local BCDs with lower D
n(4000) index values. The insignificant deviation in the mass–metallicity and mass–SFR relations between intermediate-z and local BCDs indicates that the relations between the global parameters of low-mass compact galaxies may be universal. These results from low-mass compact galaxies could be used to place important observational constraints on galaxy formation and evolution models.
A STELLAR VELOCITY DISPERSION FOR A STRONGLY LENSED, INTERMEDIATE-MASS QUIESCENT GALAXY AT z = 2.8
Authors: Hill Allison. R. , Muzzin Adam , Franx Marijn , van de Sande Jesse 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
Measuring stellar velocity dispersions of quiescent galaxies beyond

is observationally challenging. Such measurements require near-infrared spectra with a continuum detection of at least moderate signal to noise, often necessitating long integrations. In this paper, we present deep X-Shooter spectroscopy of one of only two known gravitationally lensed massive quiescent galaxies at

. This galaxy is quadruply imaged, with the brightest images magnified by a factor of ∼5. The total exposure time of our data is 9.8 hr on-source; however, the magnification, and the slit placement encompassing two images, provides a total equivalent exposure time of 215 hr. From this deep spectrum we measure a redshift of (

), making this one of the highest redshift quiescent galaxies that is spectroscopically confirmed. We simultaneously fit both the spectroscopic and photometric data to determine stellar population parameters and conclude that this galaxy is relatively young (

), of intermediate mass (

), consistent with low dust content (

), and has quenched only relatively recently. This recent quenching is confirmed by strong Balmer absorption, particularly

(

). Remarkably, this proves that at least some intermediate-mass galaxies have already quenched as early as

. Additionally, we have measured a velocity dispersion of (

), making this the highest-redshift quiescent galaxy with a dispersion measurement. We confirm that this galaxy falls on the same mass fundamental plane (MFP) as galaxies at z = 2.2, consistent with little to no evolution in the MFP up to z = 2.8. Overall this galaxy is proof of the existence of intermediate-mass quenched galaxies in the distant universe, and that lensing is a powerful tool for determining their properties with improved accuracy.
LONG-ORBITAL-PERIOD PREPOLARS CONTAINING EARLY K-TYPE DONOR STARS. BOTTLENECK ACCRETION MECHANISM IN ACTION
Authors: Tovmassian G. , González–Buitrago D. , Zharikov S. , Reichart D. E. , Haislip J. B. , Ivarsen K. M. , LaCluyze A. P. , Moore J. P. , Miroshnichenko A. S. 
Published: February 2016

ABSTRACT
We studied two objects identified as cataclysmic variables (CVs) with periods exceeding the natural boundary for Roche-lobe-filling zero-age main sequence (ZAMS) secondary stars. We present observational results for V1082 Sgr with a 20.82 hr orbital period, an object that shows a low luminosity state when its flux is totally dominated by a chromospherically active K star with no signs of ongoing accretion. Frequent accretion shutoffs, together with characteristics of emission lines in a high state, indicate that this binary system is probably detached, and the accretion of matter on the magnetic white dwarf takes place through stellar wind from the active donor star via coupled magnetic fields. Its observational characteristics are surprisingly similar to V479 And, a 14.5 hr binary system. They both have early K-type stars as donor stars. We argue that, similar to the shorter-period prepolars containing M dwarfs, these are detached binaries with strong magnetic components. Their magnetic fields are coupled, allowing enhanced stellar wind from the K star to be captured and channeled through the bottleneck connecting the two stars onto the white dwarf’s magnetic pole, mimicking a magnetic CV. Hence, they become interactive binaries before they reach contact. This will help to explain an unexpected lack of systems possessing white dwarfs with strong magnetic fields among detached white+red dwarf systems.
An Integrative Review of Peer Mentorship Programs for Undergraduate Nursing Students
Authors: Wong Carissa , Stake-Doucet Natalie , Lombardo Celia , Sanzone Lia , Tsimicalis Argerie 
Published: February 2016

Background:
The purpose of this integrative review was to appraise and synthesize the evidence for the design, implementation, and evaluation of peer mentorship programs for undergraduate nursing students and to provide recommendations for future undergraduate nursing peer mentorship programs.

Method:
Using an integrative review methodology, quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods studies were searched using six electronic databases. Studies were screened, assessed for eligibility, and appraised with critical appraisal tools. Data were extracted and synthesized using thematic analysis. Eleven studies were included in the integrative review.

Results:
Appraisal demonstrated overall poor methodology. All programs were designed based on a perceived need expressed by faculty and students and involved a multistep process of implementation. Positive outcomes for nursing students were found through the use of peer mentorship programs; however, various challenges to program success were identified.

Conclusion:

This review provides evidence that can be used to inform the design, implementation, and evaluation of future peer mentorship programs. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(3):141–149.]
Preceptors' Experience of Nursing Service-Learning Projects
Authors: Voss Heather C. 
Published: February 2016

Background:
Service-learning is a teaching–learning strategy in higher education that provides hands-on experiences in authentic clinical environments. Mutual decision making, shared goals, reciprocity, and tangible benefits to organizations and the people they serve are hallmarks of service-learning. However, the literature is sparse pertaining to preceptor experiences with service-learning projects, the extent of reciprocity, or the projects' impact on those who received the service.

Method:
A small phenomenological study was conducted to better understand the experiences of four community-based health professionals who worked with nursing students on service-learning projects.

Results:
Four themes emerged from face-to-face interviews and written reflections: (a) reciprocity among preceptor, clinical faculty, and student, (b) intentional planning and project clarity, (c) meaningful and authentic experience, and (d) valued and beneficial contributions that addressed a need.

Conclusion:

Insight gained from the experiences of the four preceptors in this study suggest that through careful planning and reciprocity, service-learning can have a positive impact on community-based organizations and the people they serve. [
J Nurs Educ.
2016;55(3):150–154.]
CALIPSO climatological products: evaluation and suggestions from EARLINET
Authors: Papagiannopoulos Nikolaos , Mona Lucia , Alados-Arboledas Lucas , Amiridis Vassilis , Baars Holger , Binietoglou Ioannis , Bortoli Daniele , D'Amico Giuseppe , Giunta Aldo , Guerrero-Rascado Juan Luis , Schwarz Anja , Pereira Sergio , Spinelli Nicola , Wandinger Ulla , Wang Xuan , Pappalardo Gelsomina 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The CALIPSO Level 3 (CL3) product is the most recent data set produced by the observations of the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument onboard the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) space platform. The European Aerosol Research Lidar Network (EARLINET), based mainly on multi-wavelength Raman lidar systems, is the most appropriate ground-based reference for CALIPSO calibration/validation studies on a continental scale. In this work, CALIPSO data are compared against EARLINET monthly averaged profiles obtained by measurements performed during CALIPSO overpasses. In order to mitigate uncertainties due to spatial and temporal differences, we reproduce a modified version of CL3 data starting from CALIPSO Level 2 (CL2) data. The spatial resolution is finer and nearly 2°  ×  2° (latitude  ×  longitude) and only simultaneous measurements are used for ease of comparison. The CALIPSO monthly mean profiles following this approach are called CALIPSO Level 3*, CL3*. We find good agreement on the aerosol extinction coefficient, yet in most of the cases a small CALIPSO underestimation is observed with an average bias of 0.02 km−1 up to 4 km and 0.003 km−1 higher above. In contrast to CL3 standard product, the CL3* data set offers the possibility to assess the CALIPSO performance also in terms of the particle backscatter coefficient keeping the same quality assurance criteria applied to extinction profiles. The mean relative difference in the comparison improved from 25 % for extinction to 18 % for backscatter, showing better performances of CALIPSO backscatter retrievals. Additionally, the aerosol typing comparison yielded a robust identification of dust and polluted dust. Moreover, the CALIPSO aerosol-type-dependent lidar ratio selection is assessed by means of EARLINET observations, so as to investigate the performance of the extinction retrievals. The aerosol types of dust, polluted dust, and clean continental showed noticeable discrepancy. Finally, the potential improvements of the lidar ratio assignment have been examined by adjusting it according to EARLINET-derived values.
Mercury transformation and speciation in flue gases from anthropogenic emission sources: a critical review
Authors: Zhang Lei , Wang Shuxiao , Wu Qingru , Wang Fengyang , Lin Che-Jen , Zhang Leiming , Hui Mulin , Yang Mei , Su Haitao , Hao Jiming 
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Mercury transformation mechanisms and speciation profiles are reviewed for mercury formed in and released from flue gases of coal-fired boilers, non-ferrous metal smelters, cement plants, iron and steel plants, waste incinerators, biomass burning and so on. Mercury in coal, ores, and other raw materials is released to flue gases in the form of Hg0 during combustion or smelting in boilers, kilns or furnaces. Decreasing temperature from over 800 °C to below 300 °C in flue gases leaving boilers, kilns or furnaces promotes homogeneous and heterogeneous oxidation of Hg0 to gaseous divalent mercury (Hg2+), with a portion of Hg2+ adsorbed onto fly ash to form particulate-bound mercury (Hgp). Halogen is the primary oxidizer for Hg0 in flue gases, and active components (e.g., TiO2, Fe2O3, etc.) on fly ash promote heterogeneous oxidation and adsorption processes. In addition to mercury removal, mercury transformation also occurs when passing through air pollution control devices (APCDs), affecting the mercury speciation in flue gases. In coal-fired power plants, selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system promotes mercury oxidation by 34–85 %, electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and fabric filter (FF) remove over 99 % of Hgp, and wet flue gas desulfurization system (WFGD) captures 60–95 % of Hg2+. In non-ferrous metal smelters, most Hg0 is converted to Hg2+ and removed in acid plants (APs). For cement clinker production, mercury cycling and operational conditions promote heterogeneous mercury oxidation and adsorption. The mercury speciation profiles in flue gases emitted to the atmosphere are determined by transformation mechanisms and mercury removal efficiencies by various APCDs. For all the sectors reviewed in this study, Hgp accounts for less than 5 % in flue gases. In China, mercury emission has a higher Hg0 fraction (66–82 % of total mercury) in flue gases from coal combustion, in contrast to a greater Hg2+ fraction (29–90 %) from non-ferrous metal smelting, cement and iron and/or steel production. The higher Hg2+ fractions shown here than previous estimates may imply stronger local environmental impacts than previously thought, caused by mercury emissions in East Asia. Future research should focus on determining mercury speciation in flue gases from iron and steel plants, waste incineration and biomass burning, and on elucidating the mechanisms of mercury oxidation and adsorption in flue gases.