bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les enjeux de l’enseignement de l’anglais médical : visée académique, visée professionnelle et besoins du terrain
Authors: Carnet Anaïs 
Published: October 2016

Le Ministère de l’enseignement supérieur et de la recherche régit les études de médecine en France et stipule la nécessité pour les étudiants de médecine de bénéficier d’un apprentissage de langue vivante tout en cloisonnant les apprentissages entre formation théorique et formation pratique. Cet article s’inscrit dans une démarche de réflexion didactique portant sur l’enseignement de l’anglais en faculté de médecine ; son objectif est de tenter de définir les enjeux qui découlent de cet enseignement. L’enseignement d’une langue vivante en milieu universitaire implique une analyse des besoins qui doit prendre en compte la visée académique et la visée professionnelle, le tout permettant à l’enseignant de répondre aux besoins réels des futurs professionnels qu’il forme.
Langue de spécialité et contenu disciplinaire dans les cours d'anglais en faculté de droit : quelques réflexions sur nos pratiques
Authors: Clément Guillaume , Thomas Guillaume 
Published: October 2016

Cet article vise à entreprendre un état des lieux de l’enseignement en anglais dans les facultés de droit en France en partant de l’exemple des cours dispensés en Licence dans les universités de Rennes 1 et de Lyon 3. Après avoir évoqué les principaux enjeux de l’élaboration de cours d’anglais destinés à de futurs juristes, notamment la place à accorder au contenu disciplinaire, les auteurs présentent les programmes et les modalités d’enseignement dans les deux facultés comparées. Les similitudes observées témoignent d’une conscience croissante de la nécessité d’adapter l’enseignement de la langue aux communautés professionnelles dans lesquelles les étudiants seront amenés à évoluer, conformément à ce que préconisent les spécialistes de l’anglais de spécialité. Cet article montre également que les modalités d’enseignement varient sensiblement d'une faculté à l'autre, ce que les auteurs attribuent au fait que les choix pédagogiques sont étroitement liés au contexte socio-économique propre à chaque université.
L’apprentissage par problèmes : une méthode active d’enseignement des langues étrangères pour spécialistes d’autres disciplines
Authors: Tano Marcelo 
Published: October 2016

Les méthodes actives (MA) se présentent comme une évolution actuellement perceptible en éducation, secteur dans lequel des courants convergent vers l’apparition d’un nouveau paradigme dans les pratiques pédagogiques où les visions du modèle conventionnel sont remplacées par celles d’un modèle émergent. Ces méthodes sont particulièrement adaptées pour proposer des activités interactives dans l’enseignement des langues pour spécialistes d’autres disciplines (Lansad). Mais il en existe une qui, bien qu’adaptée aux exigences d’apprentissage du milieu universitaire, n’est pas encore très implémentée. Il s’agit de l’enseignement des langues étrangères basé sur la résolution de problèmes connu sous le nom d’apprentissage par problèmes (APP). Les enseignants du secteur Lansad connaissent-ils cette méthode ? L’appliquent-ils ? Si oui, sous quelles conditions de mise en œuvre ? Cette contribution répondra, entre autres, à ces questions en fournissant des renseignements qualitatifs et quantitatifs issus d’une enquête ad hoc. Ces informations permettront de constater le niveau d’utilisation des MA dans l’enseignement des langues dans l’enseignement supérieur et d’analyser les exigences pratiques qui peuvent faciliter ou entraver la mise en place de l’APP dans les cours.
<b>Contexto escolar e hábitos miccionais: estudo transversal com escolares do Distrito Federal / School setting and voiding habits: a cross-sectional study among school-aged children from the Federal District<b>
Authors: Salviano Cristiane Feitosa , Martins Gisele 
Published: October 2016

Estudo transversal realizado em oito escolas públicas e particulares do Riacho Fundo,(Distrito Federal),com escolares deseis a 12 anos, com o objetivo de avaliar a frequência de ida e permissão para uso do toalete na escola, sob a perspectiva do escolar, assim como mensurar a taxa de ocorrência e o impacto da experiência de ter tido alguma vez na vida um evento de perda urinária no contexto escolar. A coleta de dados incluiu entrevista por meio de perguntas-chave desenvolvidas pelas pesquisadoras. A análise dos dados incluiu técnicas básicas de análise exploratória de dados como,frequência absoluta e relativa, calculadas no programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Das 86 crianças participantes da pesquisa, 73% (n=63) relataram irtodos os dias ao toalete escolar, ao passo que as que afirmam não utilizar o toalete apontaram como justificativas a falta de vontade, a falta de papel higiênico nos toaletes e a falta de privacidade ou problema com as portas. Quanto à permissão para o uso do toalete, 66% (n=57) afirmaram poder ir sempre que tivessem vontade. A experiência de perda urinária na escola foi relatada por17 (20%) crianças e apresentou impacto altamente negativo sob a perspectiva do escolar.
Stepwise approach for implementation of antimicrobial resistance surveillance in Africa
Authors: Perovic Olga , Schultsz Constance 
Published: October 2016

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has reached an end point, prompting a worldwide scare as no new antibiotics are in the pipeline, particularly for treatment of Gram-negative bacteria. To prevent further development and spread of AMR and to inform empirical treatment guidelines, surveillance of AMR is necessary.Objective: We aim to provide a framework for a stepwise approach toward implementation of laboratory-based surveillance for AMR in African countries.Methods and Results: Building up a surveillance system is a robust process that begins with a gap analysis in each participating country. This framework provides practical guidance on how to set up surveillance, identify responsibilities and set timelines in sustainable manner for African countries. It addresses sampling strategies, human resources, procurement and maintenance issues for AMR testing at routine clinical and national reference and public health laboratories involved in AMR surveillance. Key issues such as laboratory capacity building, training and continuous education, quality and diagnostic stewardship are discussed in detail.Discussion: There are several priorities for AMR surveillance that need to be addressed in a comprehensive manner at regional and national levels, whilst keeping in line with current and proposed initiatives for laboratory capacity building, in order for African countries to achieve goals for combatting the real and current threat of AMR.
Assessment of Correlation between Clinical Parameters and Pulp Canal Pathogens in Endodontic Pathologies: A Microbiological Study
Authors: Pandey Vinisha , Choudhary Isha , Kumar Vipin , Tripathi Prashant , Misra Abhinav , Bagde Hiroj 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Success and failure of root canal therapy is largely dependent on the clinician and the patient. Once the tooth is restored into its functional and esthetic place, the root canal therapy is considered to be complete. It is a well-known fact that root canal space acts as a rich reservoir for microorganisms. Past studies show that root canal harbors an array of different microorganisms. Streptococcus mitis and Enterococcus faecalis have been found to be the most prevalent microorganisms isolated from the infected pulp canal space. Hence, we evaluated the association of endodontic signs and symptoms with root canal pathogens.

Materials and methods
A total of 120 patients were selected for the study and divided broadly into two groups: Group I containing patients with primary infection and group II containing patients in which retreatment was required. Both groups contained 60 patients each. Clinical parameters recorded for the study are pain, tenderness on percussion, swelling, periapical radiolucency on radiographic analysis, caries, sinus formation, and tooth mobility. After assessment, opening, and initial filing, sterile paper points were inserted into the root canal space for collection of microbiological sample, which was further send to laboratory for cultural analysis. All the results were analyzed by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test were used to evaluate the level of significance.

Results
While comparing the mean age of the patients in the two groups, no significant association was seen. Statistically significant results were obtained while comparing the association between pain and S. mitis. Positive correlation was seen on comparing the association between tenderness on percussion and E. faecalis. Also, a positive association was seen between periapical radiolucency and S. mitis.

Conclusion
Strong positive correlation exists between S. mitis and E. faecalis and endodontic signs and symptoms.

Clinical significance
Sound knowledge regarding the association of microbes of root canal and specific endodontic signs and symptoms could help therapeutic management of root canal infections effectively.

How to cite this article
Pandey V, Choudhary I, Kumar V, Tripathi P, Misra A, Bagde H. Assessment of Correlation between Clinical Parameters and Pulp Canal Pathogens in Endodontic Pathologies: A Microbiological Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):654-658.
A Comparative Study of the Retentive Strengths of Commercial and Indigenously Developed Luting Cements using Both Lathe-cut and Clinically Simulated Specimens
Authors: Kurian Byju P , Mathew Joe , Philip Biju , Mohammed Sunil , Menon Preetha 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Superior adhesive strength in luting agents is of paramount significance in fixed partial denture success. In this in vitro study five cements were tested for retentive qualities, using both lathe-cut and hand-prepared specimens.

Materials and methods
A total of 104 freshly extracted tooth specimens were prepared. Seventy of them were lathe-cut and 30 specimens were hand-prepared to simulate clinical conditions. Five different cements were tested, which included a compomer, a composite, a zinc phosphate, and 2 glass-ionomer luting cements. Of the 5, 2 trial cements were indigenously developed by Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (SCTIMST), Trivandrum, India – a glassionomer cement (Chitra GIC) and a chemical-cure composite (Chitra CCC). All cements were compared within each group and between groups (lathe-prepared and hand-prepared).

Results
GC Fuji 1 (GC America) exhibited superior retentive strengths in both lathe-cut and hand-prepared specimens, whereas the compomer cement displayed the lowest values when tested. In lathe-cut specimens, statistical analysis showed no significant difference between GC Fuji 1 and indigenously developed Chitra CCC.

Conclusion
Both Chitra CCC and GC Fuji 1 have comparable strengths in lathe-cut samples, making Chitra CCC a potential luting agent. Statistical analysis reveals that all cements, except GC Fuji 1, exhibited a significant decrease in strength due to the change in design uniformity. The chemical bonding of GC Fuji 1 proves to be quite strong irrespective of shape and precision of the tooth crown.

Clinical significance
The indigenously developed Chitra GIC and Chitra CCC showed promising results to be used as a potential luting agent.

How to cite this article
Mathew J, Kurian BP, Philip B, Mohammed S, Menon P, Raj RS. A Comparative Study of the Retentive Strengths of Commercial and Indigenously Developed Luting Cements using Both Lathe-cut and Clinically Simulated Specimens. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):663-669.
Improved Visualization and Assessment of Condylar Position in the Glenoid Fossa for Different Occlusions: A CBCT Study
Authors: Kaur Amandeep , Natt Amanpreet S , Mehra Simranjeet K , Maheshwari Karan , Kaur Amanjot 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa plays an important role in the stability of occlusion after orthodontic treatment. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) provides an optimal imaging of the osseous components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and give a full size truly threedimensional (3D) description in real anatomical size. The present study aimed to visualize and compare the position of condyle in the glenoid fossa for different occlusions by using CBCT.

Materials and methods
Cone beam computed tomographic images of 45 subjects, aged 18 to 42 years, were evaluated. Subjects were equally divided into three groups according to the A point, nasion, B point (ANB) angle.

Results
In the sagittal plane, condyle is positioned nonconcentrically; positioned anteriosuperiorly in class I and III occlusions and lies posteriosuperiorly in class II occlusion. In the frontal plane, condyle is positioned centrally (mediolaterally) in all the three types of occlusions. In the axial plane, the parameters showed significant difference between the different occlusions. No statistical significant distinction could be made in the position of the condyle when comparing the right and left joints.

Conclusion
The position of condyle in glenoid fossa influences sagittal, transverse, and vertical relationships of the jaws which eventually contribute to development of various malocclusions. Nonconcentricity is the feature of the condyle in the sagittal plane in different malocclusions.

Clinical significance
An important consideration in orthodontic treatment is the recognition of the importance that the dentition should be in harmony with the related musculoskeletal structures. Therefore, the condylar position is an important concern in maintaining or restoring temporomandibular harmony with the dentition and the position of the condyle in the glenoid fossa plays an important role in the stability of occlusion after orthodontic treatment.

How to cite this article
Kaur A, Natt AS, Mehra SK, Maheshwari K, Singh G, Kaur A. Improved Visualization and Assessment of Condylar Position in the Glenoid Fossa for Different Occlusions: A CBCT Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):679-686.
Retrospective Analysis of Different Bracket Systems used in the Treatment of Patients with Anterior Crowding: A Longitudinal Comparative Study
Authors: Subudhi Santosh Kumar , Sepolia Shipra , Kushwah Atul PS , Natt Amanpreet Singh , Vashisht Lipika , Sahoo Sushil Kumar 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
New design of brackets have been introduced in the field of orthodontics in the recent past, and one of such advancement is the self-ligating brackets. These brackets are said to have less friction, with a shorter period of treatment. Better patient acceptance and good treatment results are some of the other advantages offered by self-ligating brackets. Hence, we comparatively evaluated root resorption of anterior teeth by self-ligating and conventional preadjusted brackets in cases of severe anterior crowding in class I patients.

Materials and methods
The present study was carried out at the department of orthodontics in a dental institution and included 140 patients that presented with the chief complaint of Angle class I malocclusion with crowding of more than 6 mm in the anterior tooth region. Two groups were formed with 70 patients in each group. In one group self-ligating brackets were used, while in other group conventional brackets were used. Malmgren's method was sued for evaluating the root resorption score ranging from 0 to 4. All the results were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Chi-square test, nonpaired t-test, and paired t-test were used to evaluate the level of significance.

Results
The mean age of the patients in groups I and II was 13.92 and 13.81 years respectively. While comparing age of the patients and time duration of the treatment, no significant results were obtained. While comparing the root resorptions at various time intervals in groups I and II patients, significant results were obtained. While comparing the root resorptions in between groups I and II patients, no statistically significant results were obtained (p-value > 0.05).

Conclusion
Statistically similar amount of resorption is seen in patients in both the groups either on self-ligating brackets or on conventional preadjusted brackets during treatment of Angle class I patients with severe anterior crowding.

Clinical significance
In treating anterior crowding patients with Angle class I patients, choice of brackets has no effect on the amount of root resorption.

How to cite this article
Sepolia S, Kushwah APS, Natt AS, Vashisht L, Sahoo SK, Subudhi SK. Retrospective Analysis of Different Bracket Systems used in the Treatment of Patients with Anterior Crowding: A Longitudinal Comparative Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):687-691.
Evaluation of Potential Risk Factors that contribute to Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus: A Literature Review
Authors: Agha-Hosseini Farzaneh , Sheykhbahaei Nafiseh , SadrZadeh-Afshar Maryam-Sadat 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTAimMany studies have suggested that a lesion originally diagnosed as oral lichen planus (OLP) has different possibilities of undergoing malignant transformation in time, although these findings remain a controversial issue; for example, some studies reported different values of potential malignancy of OLP.IntroductionWorld Health Organization (WHO) classifies OLP as a “potentially malignant disorder” with unspecified malignant transformation risk, and suggests that OLP patients should be closely monitored. Numerous studies have attempted to confirm the malignant transformation potential of OLP.Review resultsThe Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, Medline and EMBASE databases, PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid, Up To Date, BMJ Clinical Evidence, MD Consult, and Science Direct were searched for papers published between 1997 and 2015. The medical subject heading search terms were “lichen planus,” “oral lichen planus,” “erosive oral lichen planus,” “dysplasia,” “oral precancerous condition,” “oral premalignant condition,” oral cancer, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and atrophic lichen planus. A total of 120 English language abstracts were reviewed, and 50 relevant articles identified. Because of the extensive literature on the association between OLP and SCC, we have divided the data into genetic and nongenetic factors for more accurate assessment.ConclusionIn this evidence base, malignant transformation ranges from 0 to 37% with a mean of 4.59%. The highest rate of malignancy was noted in erythematosus and erosive lesions. In this way, follow-up of OLP patients could be carried out more efficiently and appropriately.Clinical significanceOral lichen planus is a premalignant lesion. All types of OLP in any site of oral mucosa must be monitored regularly.How to cite this articleAgha-Hosseini F, Sheykhbahaei N, SadrZadeh-Afshar M-S. Evaluation of Potential Risk Factors that contribute to Malignant Transformation of Oral Lichen Planus: A Literature Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(8):692-701.
Fundamentos para la Elaboración de Manuscritos Científicos en Trauma y Cuidado Agudo de Emergencias (Parte 2): Ética y Responsabilidad en la Autoría de los Manuscritos; Recomendaciones para Mentores y Personal en Entrenamiento
Authors: Rubiano Andres Mariano 
Published: October 2016

RESÚMEN

Objetivo
La ética y la autoria responsable en publicaciones científicas SON (in stead of es) un elemento fundamental en la realización de manuscritos del área de trauma y cirugía aguda de emergencias. El objetivo de este artículo es discutir los principales elementos que deben tener en cuenta estudiantes y mentores para evitar fallas en estos aspectos fundamentales de la vida científica en salud.

Materiales y métodos
Artículo de revisión de literatura científica en el área de ética y autoría responsable en publicaciones científicas.

Resultados
Autor se considera a quien ha hecho las mayores contribuciones intelectuales a un artículo publicado. Esto tiene implicaciones académicas, sociales, legales y financieras. Se considera una inapropiada conducta cualquier práctica que se desvíe de aquellas que son comúnmente aceptadas dentro de la comunidad científica de proponer, conducir o reportar un estudio. Algunas prácticas cuestionables en investigación, pueden presentarse por desconocimiento, falta de entrenamiento y falta de supervisión apropiada, especialmente en investigadores jóvenes. Entre las más comunes se encuentra el fraude, la piratería y el plagio.

Conclusión
Las faltas a la ética y a la autoría responsable al momento de elaborar manuscritos científicos no son infrecuentes. Ocurren generalmente por falta de una política institucional clara o por falta de información de quienes hacen parte del grupo de investigación. Es fundamental que las asociaciones científicas y los editores de revistas especializadas generen políticas claras y divulguen este tipo de información entre los potenciales autores de artículos científicos.

How to cite this article
R ubiano A M, E cheverri R A, Montenegro JH, Puyana JC. Fundamentos para la Elaboración de Manuscritos Científicos en Trauma y Cuidado Agudo de Emergencias (Parte 2): Ética y Responsabilidad en la Autoría de los Manuscritos; Recomendaciones para Mentores y Personal en Entrenamiento. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):70-75.
Panamerican Trauma Society Basic Trauma Education Course Administration in Resource-limited Areas
Authors: Mora Francisco E , Quiodettis Martha , Mata Lina V , Fischer Jaime , Machain Gustavo M , Salamea Juan C 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction and objectives
Injuries and noncommunicable diseases account for greater than 73% deaths and 76% disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in Latin America, where trauma care is challenging especially when resources are scarce. Education and training is a basic step in trauma systems development, which was shown to improve survival. Except for urban areas, trauma courses are unavailable and unaffordable in the Latin region. The aim of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of implementation of a basic trauma education course (BTC) for resource-limited areas adopted and promulgated by the Panamerican Trauma Society (PTS) since 2011.

Materials and methods
Basic trauma education course was administered in Paraguay, Medellin, Chile, and Panama during the PTS congresses (2011-2013). The two-day course was based on the patient's pathway system, addressing the management of the patient through various echelon of care from rural health centers to local provincial hospital and tertiary treatment facilities. It contained 20 hours of didactic lectures and hands on skill labs on basic trauma resuscitation, stabilization, and transport, as well as trauma system-oriented teaching (triage, EMS, kinematics, trauma registries). Panamerican Trauma Society international and national instructors administered the courses. Course logistics and coordination were carried out by international and local coordinators and by trauma league medical students. Pre and post (30 multiple-choice questions) tests were used to assess participants. Paired t-test was used to compare scores.

Results
Fifty-four students (rural physicians, EMS providers, students, nurses, and administrators) participated. Pre and posttest score comparison showed significant improvement 74% vs 85% respectively, p-value < 0.0001.

Conclusion
A tailored trauma course and evaluation can be feasible in educating local providers. The PTS can promulgate the application of BTCs that may serve as a model for continuing trauma care education in developing countries. Course follow-up evaluation is pending.

How to cite this article
Mata LV, Mora FE, Quiodettis M, Fischer J, Machain GM, Salamea JC, Rodas EB, Aboutanos MB. Panamerican Trauma Society Basic Trauma Education Course Administration in Resource-limited Areas. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2016;5(2):83-87.