bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Institutional shareholder activism in Nigeria
Authors: Uche Chinyere , Adegbite Emmanuel , John Jones Michael 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate institutional shareholder activism in Nigeria. It addresses the paucity of empirical research on institutional shareholder activism in sub-Saharan Africa.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses agency theory to understand the institutional shareholder approach to shareholder activism in Nigeria. The data are collected through qualitative interviews with expert representatives from financial institutions.

Findings
The findings indicate evidence of low-level shareholder activism in Nigeria. The study provides empirical insight into the reasons why institutional shareholders might adopt an active or passive approach to shareholder activism. The findings suggest the pension structure involving two types of pension institutions affects the ability to engage in shareholder activism.

Research limitations/implications
The research study advances our understanding of the status quo of institutional shareholder activism in an African context such as Nigeria.

Practical implications
The paper makes a practical contribution by highlighting that regulators need to consider how the financial market conditions and characteristics affect effective promotion of better governance practices and performance through shareholder activism.

Originality/value
This study draws attention to the implication for shareholder activism of complexities associated with an institutional arrangement where two types of financial institutions are expected to operate and manage the private pension funds in a country.
MHD natural convection flow past an impulsively started infinite vertical porous plate with Newtonian heating in the presence of radiation
Authors: Narahari Marneni , Kamran M 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of thermal radiation and viscous dissipation on steady natural convection flow of a viscous incompressible fluid along a uniformly moving infinite vertical porous plate with Newtonian heating in the presence of transverse magnetic field. The governing non-linear boundary layer equations are solved by using homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effects of various system parameters on velocity and temperature fields are discussed graphically, and the numerical values for skin friction and Nusselt number are presented in tabular form.Design/methodology/approach– The problem is formulated using the Boussinesq approximation under the effects of thermal radiation and transverse magnetic field. The resulting coupled system of non-linear differential equations is solved using HAM with appropriate boundary conditions for Newtonian heating of the plate. HAM is a powerful method which provides rapidly converging series solution for the velocity and temperature fields. The effects of Prandtl number, Grashof number, suction parameter, magnetic field parameter, radiation parameter and Eckert number on the fluid velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number have been investigated.Findings– The HAM solution has been successfully applied to find the converging series solution for velocity and temperature fields in terms of pertinent system parameters. Comparison of the exact solution results agree well with the HAM solution results in the absence of Eckert number and this indicates that the HAM solutions are accurate. It is found that the velocity and temperature profiles decreases with the increase of thermal radiation and suction parameters. An increase in the magnetic field parameter leads to a rise in the fluid temperature and fall in the fluid velocity.Research limitations/implications– The present analysis is limited to steady state laminar natural convection flow only. Unsteady natural- /mixed-convection laminar flow in the presence of thermal radiation, chemical reaction and transverse magnetic field will be investigated in a future work.Practical implications– The study provides very useful information for heat transfer engineers to understand the heat transfer rate when the moving vertical porous surface temperature is not known a prior. The present results have immediate relevance in the design of nuclear reactors where vertical moving porous plates are using as control rods.Originality/value– The present research work is relatively original and illustrates the effects of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and transverse magnetic field on natural convection flow past a uniformly moving infinite vertical porous plate with Newtonian heating.
A novel extension of GS4-1 time integrator to fluid dynamics type non-linear problems with illustrations to Burgers’ equation
Authors: Tamma K K , Masuri Siti Ujila 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe how a generalized single-system-single-solve (GS4-1) computational framework, previously developed for linear first order transient systems, can be properly extended for use in nonlinear counterparts, with particular applications to time dependent Burgers’ equation, which is well-known to serve as a simplified model of fluid dynamics, for illustrations of the essential concepts.

Design/methodology/approach
– The framework permits, for a very general family of time integrators where traditional methods are a subset, much needed desirable features including second order time accuracy, robustness and unconditional stability, zero-order overshoot behavior, and additionally, a selective control of high frequency damping for both the primary variable and its time derivative. The latter, which is a new, key desirable feature not available in past/existing methods to-date, allows for different amounts of high frequency damping for both the primary variable and its time derivative to ensure physically accurate solutions of these variables. This is in contrast to having only limited control of these numerical dampings, often indiscriminately, as in some past developments which can lead to numerical instabilities in the time derivative variable. The extension of the framework to nonlinear problems, as described in this paper, is achieved via the use of a normalized time weighted residual approach, which naturally allows the time discretization of the transient nonlinear systems as being the natural extensions of the linear systems.

Findings
– The primary aim is also to demonstrate the advantage of the selective control feature inherit in the present numerical methodologies for these nonlinear first order transient systems as in the linear counterparts.

Originality/value
– The authors wish to tackle the challenges to further enable extensions to nonlinear first order transient systems that frequently arise in fluid dynamics problems; this is the focus of this paper. The primary wish is to demonstrate the ability of the GS4-1 framework for nonlinear first order transient systems as seen in the linear transient counterparts; while on one hand the authors show that an equal amount of high frequency damping (i.e. ρ
∞ = ρ
∞
s) leads to non-physical instability in the time derivative variable for a minimal damping required to obtain acceptable solution of the primary variable, on the other hand, the authors particularly demonstrate how this instability can be easily tuned off via the selective control feature (i.e. ρ
∞ ≠ ρ
∞
s) offered by the developed framework; thereby, demonstrating its robustness and superiority.
Gaussons
Authors: Wazwaz Abdul-Majid 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to concern with a reliable treatment of the (2+1)-dimensional and the (3+1)-dimensional logarithmic Boussinesq equations (BEs). The author uses the sense of the Gaussian solitary waves to determine these gaussons. The study confirms that models characterized by logarithmic nonlinearity give gaussons solitons of distinct physical structures.

Design/methodology/approach
– The proposed technique, as presented in this work has been shown to be very efficient for solving nonlinear equations with logarithmic nonlinearity.

Findings
– The (2+1) and the (3+1)-dimensional BEs were examined as well. The examined models feature interesting results in propagation of waves and fluid flow.

Research limitations/implications
– The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for the higher dimensional logarithmic BEs.

Practical implications
– The work shows the effect of logarithmic nonlinearity compared to other nonlinearities where standard solitons appear in the last case.

Social implications
– The work will benefit audience who are willing to examine the effect of logarithmic nonlinearity.

Originality/value
– The paper presents a new efficient algorithm for the higher dimensional logarithmic BEs.
Survival probability in patients with liver trauma
Authors: Buci Skender , Kukeli Agim 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to assess the survival probability among patients with liver trauma injury using the anatomical and psychological scores of conditions, characteristics and treatment modes.

Design/methodology/approach
– A logistic model is used to estimate 173 patients’ survival probability. Data are taken from patient records. Only emergency room patients admitted to University Hospital of Trauma (former Military Hospital) in Tirana are included. Data are recorded anonymously, preserving the patients’ privacy.

Findings
– When correctly predicted, the logistic models show that survival probability varies from 70.5 percent up to 95.4 percent. The degree of trauma injury, trauma with liver and other organs, total days the patient was hospitalized, and treatment method (conservative vs intervention) are statistically important in explaining survival probability.

Practical implications
– The study gives patients, their relatives and physicians ample and sound information they can use to predict survival chances, the best treatment and resource management.

Originality/value
– This study, which has not been done previously, explores survival probability, success probability for conservative and non-conservative treatment, and success probability for single vs multiple injuries from liver trauma.
Lattice of infinite bending-resistant fibers
Authors: Kobelev Vladimir 
Published: August 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to introduce the double-periodic lattice, composed of bending-resistant fibers. The essence of the model is that the filaments are of infinite length and withstand tension and bending. The constitutive equations of the lattice in discrete and differential formulations are derived. Two complementary systems of loads, which cause different deformation two orthogonal families of fibers, occur in the lattice. The fracture behavior of the material containing a semi-infinite crack is investigated. The crack problem reduces to the exactly solvable Riemann-Hilbert problem. The solution demonstrates that the behavior of material cardinally depends upon the tension in the orthogonal family of fibers. If tension in fibers exists, opening of the crack under action of loads in two-dimensional lattice is similar to those in elastic solid. In the absence of tension, contrarily, there is a finite angle between edges at the crack tip.Design/methodology/approach– The description of stress state in the crack vicinity is reduced to the solution of mixed boundary value problem for simultaneous difference equations. In terms of Fourier images for unknown functions the problem is equivalent to a certain Riemann-Hilbert problem.Findings– The analytical solution of the problem shows that fracture behavior of the material depends upon the presence of stabilizing tension in fibers, parallel to crack direction. In the presence of tension in parallel fibers fracture character of two-dimensional lattice is similar to behavior of elastic solid. In this case the condition of crack grows can be formulated in terms of critical stress intensity factor. Otherwise, in the absence of stabilizing tension, the crack surfaces form a finite angle at the tip.Research limitations/implications– Linear behavior of fibers until rupture. Small deflections. Perfect two-dimensional lattice.Practical implications– The model provides exact analytical estimation of stresses on the crack tip as the function of fibers’ stiffness.Originality/value– The model is the extension of known lattice models, taking into account the semi-infinite crack in the lattice. This is the first known closed form solution for an infinite lattice model with the crack.
3D stagnation point flow of Maxwell fluid towards an off-centered rotating disk
Authors: Khan Najeeb Alam , Khan Sidra , Riaz Fatima 
Published: August 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to study the three dimensional, steady and incompressible flow of non-Newtonian rate type Maxwell fluid, for stagnation point flow toward an off-centered rotating disk.

Design/methodology/approach
– The governing partial differential equations are transformed to a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations by conventional similarity transformations. The non-perturbation technique, homotopy analysis method (HAM) is employed for the computation of solutions. And, the solution is computed by using the well-known software Mathematica 10.

Findings
– The effects of rotational parameter and Deborah number on radial, azimuthal and induced velocity functions are investigated. The results are presented in graphical form. The convergence control parameter is also plotted for velocity profiles. The comparison with the previous results is also tabulated. The skin friction coefficients are also computed for different values of Deborah number.

Originality/value
– This paper studies the effect of rotation and Deborah number on off-centered rotating disk has been observed and presented graphically.
New device for temporary hemorrhage control in penetrating injuries to the ventricles
Authors: Rezende-Neto Joao Baptista , Leong-Poi Howard , Rizoli Sandro , Beckett Andrew 
Published: August 2016

BackgroundThe best way to control hemorrhage from cardiac injuries is through digital occlusion followed by suture. However, this is difficult to accomplish in the emergency department (ED) setting. Generally, temporary control is obtained in advance of definitive treatment in the operating room. Despite safety and efficacy concerns, balloon Foley catheter insertion through the injury is still an option following ED thoracotomies. We developed a new device for temporary hemorrhage control in cardiac injuries and compared it to the Foley.Methods6 adult swine (n=6) underwent full-thickness (1.5 cm) injury along the longitudinal axis of the right ventricle (RV). After 5 s of bleeding, hemorrhage control was attempted with either the device or the Foley, and blood loss quantified. Subsequently, the wound was sutured and mean arterial pressure was restored to baseline with lactated Ringer's infusion. Subsequently, another injury 2 cm apart in the same ventricle was managed with apparatus not employed in the first injury. The same followed in the LV totaling 4 injuries per animal, 2 in each ventricle. Intraoperative echocardiogram, laboratory test and final wound sizes assessed.ResultsThe device resulted in less bleeding than the Foley; RV 58.7±11.3 vs 147.7±30.9 mL, LV 81.7±11.9 vs 187.5±40.3 mL (p<0.05). Percent change in tricuspid regurgitation was less with the device than FO, 66.6% vs 400%. Mitral regurgitation increased 16% with Foley, but remained unchanged with the device. Changes in stroke volume and LV ejection fraction were less with the device than with Foley; SV 2.09% vs 12.48%, left ventricular ejection fraction 0.46% vs 5.45%. Foley insertion enlarged the wounds. Platelet count, complete blood count, prothrombin time, activated prothrombin time and fibrinogen decreased, whereas troponin and lactate increased compared with baseline, underscoring the magnitude of shock.ConclusionsCardiac hemorrhage was effectively controlled with the new device. The low-profile collapsible blocking membrane interfered less with cardiac function than did the balloon of the Foley, an important asset in the context of shock.
Parque Ecológico Aldeia de Carapicuíba: projeto de paisagismo participativo valorizando um patrimônio histórico
Authors: Dobry-Pronsato Sylvia Adriana , Boucinhas Caio , Busnardo Filho Antônio , Pessoa Denise Falcão 
Published: August 2016

Neste artigo discute-se o projeto do Parque Ecológico Aldeia de Carapicuíba, iniciado em 1994 e implantado em 2004. O processo entrelaçou diferentes temas quanto à recuperação e consolidação de sentimentos de pertencimento a um lugar considerado patrimônio histórico e ambiental, e sua valorização. Reflete-se, também, sobre a noção de participação da comunidade, que possibilitou a implantação do parque e facilitou a preservação desse patrimônio histórico e ambiental. O método participativo de projetá-lo possibilitou a articulação de diversos níveis de ensino, resultado do trabalho conjunto entre arquiteto contratado pela prefeitura, alunos da pós-graduação da Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo da Universidade de São Paulo, professores, funcionários e alunos da Escola Estadual de Primeiro Grau Professora Esmeralda Becker Freire de Carvalho, localizada no patrimônio histórico Aldeia de Carapicuíba. Nesse processo, a execução, ainda que parcial em relação ao projeto original, só foi possível pelo envolvimento direto da comunidade, evidenciando que a relação arte-percepção, ao transcender o simples observar, pode contribuir em ações que valorizem o sentimento de pertencimento aos lugares de vida, nesse caso, o patrimônio histórico ambiental. Ao estimular a escola a ocupar os espaços da arte, no desenvolvimento da percepção, abriu-se a probabilidade de maior valorização do patrimônio histórico ambiental e cultural.
Burle Marx no Recife: restauro do jardim do aeroporto dos Guararapes como bem patrimonial
Authors: Sá Carneiro Ana Rita , Castel-Branco Cristina , Silva Joelmir Marques da 
Published: August 2016

Este artigo apresenta a experiência do workshop “Restauro de Jardins Históricos”, ocorrida em 2012 na cidade do Recife, no Nordeste do Brasil, tendo como objeto o jardim do aeroporto dos Guararapes, denominado de praça Ministro Salgado Filho, projetado pelo paisagista Roberto Burle Marx em 1957 e que faz parte de um conjunto de jardins concebidos pelo paisagista em Recife entre 1935 e 1958. O estudo desse jardim, que obteve recentemente o título de patrimônio cultural nacional, pretende ser uma referência para futuras ações de restauro no âmbito da conservação urbana no Brasil.
Regional Systems of Care Demonstration Project
Authors: Jollis James G. , Al-Khalidi Hussein R. , Roettig Mayme L. , Berger Peter B. , Corbett Claire C. , Dauerman Harold L. , Fordyce Christopher B. , Fox Kathleen , Garvey J. Lee , Gregory Tammy , Henry Timothy D. , Rokos Ivan C. , Sherwood Matthew W. , Suter Robert E. , Wilson B. Hadley , Granger Christopher B. 
Published: August 2016

Background:
Up to 50% of patients fail to meet ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) guideline goals recommending a first medical contact–to–device time of <90 minutes for patients directly presenting to percutaneous coronary intervention–capable hospitals and <120 minutes for transferred patients. We sought to increase the proportion of patients treated within guideline goals by organizing coordinated regional reperfusion plans.

Methods:
We established leadership teams, coordinated protocols, and provided regular feedback for 484 hospitals and 1253 emergency medical services (EMS) agencies in 16 regions across the United States.

Results:

Between July 2012 and December 2013, 23 809 patients presented with acute STEMI (direct to percutaneous coronary intervention hospital: 11 765 EMS transported and 6502 self-transported; 5542 transferred). EMS-transported patients differed from self-transported patients in symptom onset to first medical contact time (median, 47 versus 114 minutes), incidence of cardiac arrest (10% versus 3%), shock on admission (11% versus 3%), and in-hospital mortality (8% versus 3%;
P
<0.001 for all comparisons). There was a significant increase in the proportion of patients meeting guideline goals of first medical contact–to–device time, including those directly presenting via EMS (50% to 55%;
P
<0.001) and transferred patients (44%−48%;
P
=0.002). Despite regional variability, the greatest gains occurred among patients in the 5 most improved regions, increasing from 45% to 57% (direct EMS;
P
<0.001) and 38% to 50% (transfers;
P
<0.001).

Conclusions:
This Mission: Lifeline STEMI Systems Accelerator demonstration project represents the largest national effort to organize regional STEMI care. By focusing on first medical contact–to–device time, coordinated treatment protocols, and regional data collection and reporting, we were able to increase significantly the proportion of patients treated within guideline goals.
The Tropical Air–Sea Propagation Study (TAPS)
Authors: Kulessa A. S. , Barrios A. , Claverie J. , Garrett S. , Haack T. , Hacker J. M. , Hansen H. J. , Horgan K. , Hurtaud Y. , Lemon C. , Marshall R. , McGregor J. , McMillan M. , Périard C. , Pourret V. , Price J. , Rogers L. T. , Short C. , Veasey M. , Wiss V. R. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The purpose of the Tropical Air–Sea Propagation Study (TAPS), which was conducted during November–December 2013, was to gather coordinated atmospheric and radio frequency (RF) data, offshore of northeastern Australia, in order to address the question of how well radio wave propagation can be predicted in a clear-air, tropical, littoral maritime environment. Spatiotemporal variations in vertical gradients of the conserved thermodynamic variables found in surface layers, mixing layers, and entrainment layers have the potential to bend or refract RF energy in directions that can either enhance or limit the intended function of an RF system. TAPS facilitated the collaboration of scientists and technologists from the United Kingdom, the United States, France, New Zealand, and Australia, bringing together expertise in boundary layer meteorology, mesoscale numerical weather prediction (NWP), and RF propagation. The focus of the study was on investigating for the first time in a tropical, littoral environment the i) refractivity structure in the marine and coastal inland boundary layers; ii) the spatial and temporal behavior of momentum, heat, and moisture fluxes; and iii) the ability of propagation models seeded with refractive index functions derived from blended NWP and surface-layer models to predict the propagation of radio wave signals of ultrahigh frequency (UHF; 300 MHz–3 GHz), super-high frequency (SHF; 3–30 GHz), and extremely high frequency (EHF; 30–300 GHz).
Coordinated atmospheric and RF measurements were made using a small research aircraft, slow-ascent radiosondes, lidar, flux towers, a kitesonde, and land-based transmitters. The use of a ship as an RF-receiving platform facilitated variable-range RF links extending to distances of 80 km from the mainland. Four high-resolution NWP forecasting systems were employed to characterize environmental variability. This paper provides an overview of the TAPS experimental design and field campaign, including a description of the unique data that were collected, preliminary findings, and the envisaged interpretation of the results.