bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Design in Healthcare: Synthesis of Technical Sciences and Humanities
Authors: Skokov Roman , Kovalenko Nadezhda , Vorobyov Dmitriy 
Published: October 2024

The scientific and practical potential of behavioral economics and behavioral design in Russia is underutilized, and the use of their methods can be significantly expanded, both in the scientific field and in practice. One of the promising areas of their application, with significant experience accumulated in the West, is healthcare. Behavioral design in healthcare is an example of an effective synthesis of the achievements of the humanities and technical sciences with an interdisciplinary approach that constructively combines economic, psychological, and technological methods of scientific knowledge. The use of behavioral design technologies, including digital and neural interfaces, is a promising direction for creating competitive products and services in healthcare. The theory of solving inventive problems can help speed up the process of implementation in practice. Behavioral design technologies in healthcare can be considered from such positions as physical design – the design of medical equipment, devices, and drug labels – as well as design for error-proofing in organizing processes based on reducing the negative impact of the human factor. The behavioral design of error-proofing systems in healthcare is implemented through functions such as forced control, error failure, warning, and touch alert.
Exploring
c
arbon
s
ource
r
elated
l
ocalization and
p
hosphorylation in the Snf1/Mig1
n
etwork using
p
opulation
and
s
ingle
c
ell-based
a
pproaches
Authors: Braam Svenja , Tripodi Farida , Österberg Linnea , Persson Sebastian , Welkenhuysen Niek , Coccetti Paola , Cvijovic Marija 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The AMPK/SNF1 pathway governs energy balance in eukaryotic cells, notably influencing glucose de-repression. In S. cerevisiae, Snf1 is phosphorylated and hence activated upon glucose depletion. This activation is required but is not sufficient for mediating glucose de-repression, indicating further glucose-dependent regulation mechanisms. Employing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) in conjunction with non-linear mixed effects modelling, we explore the spatial dynamics of Snf1 as well as the relationship between Snf1 phosphorylation and its target Mig1 controlled by hexose sugars. Our results suggest that inactivation of Snf1 modulates Mig1 localization and that the kinetic of Snf1 localization to the nucleus is modulated by the presence of non-fermentable carbon sources. Our data offer insight into the true complexity of regulation of this central signaling pathway in orchestrating cellular responses to fluctuating environmental cues. These insights not only expand our understanding of glucose homeostasis but also pave the way for further studies evaluating the importance of Snf1 localization in relation to its phosphorylation state and regulation of downstream targets.
From microbes to medicine: harnessing the gut microbiota to combat prostate cancer
Authors: Yadav Anjali , Kaushik Meenakshi , Tiwari Prabhakar , Dada Rima 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The gut microbiome (GM) has been identified as a crucial factor in the development and progression of various diseases, including cancer. In the case of prostate cancer, commensal bacteria and other microbes are found to be associated with its development. Recent studies have demonstrated that the human GM, including Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Bacteroides massiliensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Eubacterium rectale, and Mycoplasma genitalium, are involved in prostate cancer development through both direct and indirect interactions. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of these interactions are yet to be fully understood. Moreover, the microbiota influences systemic hormone levels and contributes to prostate cancer pathogenesis. Currently, it has been shown that supplementation of prebiotics or probiotics can modify the composition of GM and prevent the onset of prostate cancer. The microbiota can also affect drug metabolism and toxicity, which may improve the response to cancer treatment. The composition of the microbiome is crucial for therapeutic efficacy and a potential target for modulating treatment response. However, their clinical application is still limited. Additionally, GM-based cancer therapies face limitations due to the complexity and diversity of microbial composition, and the lack of standardized protocols for manipulating gut microbiota, such as optimal probiotic selection, treatment duration, and administration timing, hindering widespread use. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive exploration of the GM's involvement in prostate cancer pathogenesis. We delve into the underlying mechanisms and discuss their potential implications for both therapeutic and diagnostic approaches in managing prostate cancer. Through this analysis, we offer valuable insights into the pivotal role of the microbiome in prostate cancer and its promising application in future clinical settings.
Unresolved mystery
of
cyclic nucleotide second messengers, periplasmic acid phosphatases and bacterial natural competence
Authors: Kronborg Kristina , Zhang Yong Everett 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We recently characterized the competitive inhibition of cyclic AMP (cAMP) on three periplasmic acid phosphatases, AphAHi, NadNHi, and eP4 (HelHi), in Haemophilus influenzae Rd KW20. This inhibitory effect is vital for orchestrating the nutritional growth and competence development in KW20. Initially discovered in Escherichia coli, the function of AphA remains however obscure. This study investigates the regulation of E. coli
aphA expression under nutrient starvation conditions. Using transcriptional reporters with truncated aphA promoter sequences, we found that starvations of carbon and phosphate, but not amino acid, stimulated aphA expression through distinct promoter regions. Deletions of crp or cyaA abolished aphA expression, confirming their crucial roles. Conversely, CytR deletion increased aphA expression, suggesting CytR's role as a repressor of aphA expression. Additionally, we extended the study of three other second messengers, i.e., cyclic GMP, cyclic UMP, and cyclic CMP, each sharing structural similarities with cAMP. Notably, cGMP competitively inhibits AphAHi's acid phosphatase activity akin to cAMP. In contrast, both cUMP and cCMP stimulate AphAHi's phosphatase activity in a concentration dependent manner. Collectively, these data imply a complicated connection between nucleotide metabolism, AphA, cyclic purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in bacterial nutrient uptake and natural competence.
Quantification methods of

Candida albicans

are independent irrespective of fungal morphology
Authors: Soares Amanda B , de Albuquerque Maria C , Rosa Leticia M , Klein Marlise I , Pavarina Ana C , Barbugli Paula A , Dovigo Livia N , Mima Ewerton G de O 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The ability of Candida albicans to switch its morphology from yeast to filaments, known as polymorphism, may bias the methods used in microbial quantification. Here, we compared the quantification methods [cell/mL, colony forming units (CFU)/mL, and the number of nuclei estimated by viability polymerase chain reaction (vPCR)] of three strains of C. albicans (one reference strain and two clinical isolates) grown as yeast, filaments, and biofilms. Metabolic activity (XTT assay) was also used for biofilms. Comparisons between the methods were evaluated by agreement analyses [Intraclass and Concordance Correlation Coefficients (ICC and CCC, respectively) and Bland-Altman Plot] and Pearson Correlation (α = 0.05). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was employed to visualize the similarities and differences between the methods. Results demonstrated a lack of agreement between all methods irrespective of fungal morphology/growth, even when a strong correlation was observed. Bland-Altman plot also demonstrated proportional bias between all methods for all morphologies/growth, except between CFU/mL X vPCR for yeasts and biofilms. For all morphologies, the correlation between the methods were strong, but without linear relationship between them, except for yeast where vPCR showed weak correlation with cells/mL and CFU/mL. XTT moderately correlated with CFU/mL and vPCR and weakly correlated with cells/mL. For all morphologies/growth, PCA showed that CFU/mL was similar to cells/mL and vPCR was distinct from them, but for biofilms vPCR became more similar to CFU/mL and cells/mL while XTT was the most distinct method. As conclusions, our investigation demonstrated that CFU/mL underestimated cells/mL, while vPCR overestimated both cells/mL and CFU/mL, and that the methods had poor agreement and lack of linear relationship, irrespective of C. albicans morphology/growth.1
Main etiological factors and comorbid pathology in severe cerebral palsy
Authors: Evreinov V. V. , Zhirova T. A. , Zueva Ya. V. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction The largest number of factors contributing to the development of cerebral palsy (CP) relate to the pre- and intranatal periods. Premature birth and low birth weight are the most important predictors of cerebral palsy and are associated with persistent brain and motor disorders. Purpose To evaluate the main etiological factors of severe cerebral palsy and comorbid pathology in children with severe motor disorders.Material and methods A retrospective observational study included 170 patients with severe forms of cerebral palsy, divided into two groups (85 subjects each) depending on motor disorders: GMFCS IV, GMFCS V. Perinatal risk factors for severe cerebral palsy were assessed, correlations between perinatal risk factors for expressed movement disorders and height/weight indicators, comorbid pathology in children at the time of admission to the trauma and orthopaedic hospital.Results Prenatal risk factors were responsible for the development of cerebral palsy in children in 71 % of cases. In the GMFCS IV group, gestational age had an inverse correlation with preterm birth (R = –0.53; R2 = 28 %). In the GMFCS V group, disorders caused by a shorter gestational age were interrelated with the duration of the antenatal period (R = –0.79; R2 = 62 %), and also directly correlated with delivery by cesarean section (R = 0.58; R2 = 34 %). Among the comorbid pathologies, eye diseases and psychological development disorders were most often detected.Discussion Low height/weight parameters of patients were due to comorbid pathology, rather than phenotypic constitutional features. Inverse correlation between the disorders caused by the gestational age, low birth weight and duration of pregnancy, risk of developing respiratory disorders, and a direct correlation with cesarean section seem logical. Severe conmobid diseases were more frequently diagnosed in patients with GMFCS V, indicating more extensive perinatal catastrophes in the central nervous system and the relationship between the developed pathology and severe motor disorders.Conclusions The main risk factors for the development of cerebral palsy in patients with severe GMFCS IV–V motor impairments are associated with the pre- and intranatal periods. Comorbid pathology of patients with severe forms of cerebral palsy is caused by severe brain damage and movement disorders that have developed against this background.
Temporary osteosynthesis of the tibial bones in repair of multiple and combined injuries
Authors: Khodzhanov I. Yu. , Amonov L. A. , Makhsudov F. M. 
Published: October 2024

Background The incidence of injury worldwide remains high, with a global estimate of 6763 cases per 00,000 population (95 % confidence interval 6412–7147). Trauma to the limbs is a common injury to an individual anatomical area during multiple or combined trauma that accounts for 40 % to 85.2 % of cases. Assessment of the effectiveness of different fixation options and development of treatment algorithms are essential for patients with tibial fractures and multiple (combined) injuries.The objective was to determine how often temporary tibia fixation is applied for patients with multiple and combined injuries.Material and methods The original literature search was conducted on key resources including Scientific Electronic Library (www.elibrary.ru), the National Library of Medicine (www.pubmed.org), CyberLeninka between 2008 and 2023 using search words and phrases: tibial injuries, osteosynthesis of lower limbs, multiple injuries, combined injuries, temporary osteosynthesis of the tibial bones.Results and discussion A differentiated approach to the repair of bone fractures resulting from multiple and combined injuries is mostly common with the choice of fixation technique depending on the severity of injury and the severity of the patient’s condition. The definitive internal bone fixation is normally used for stable patients, “damage control” strategy is secured for borderline and severe cases using primary temporary external fixation followed by staged surgical intervention. There is no generally accepted strategy for the use of early mobilization of long bone fractures as a component of anti-shock measures in a polytrauma patient.Conclusion Certain issues remain unresolved, including the use of osteosynthesis for tibial fractures in some cohorts of patients, the optimal time of transition to definitive internal fixation, the possibility of using extrafocal osteosynthesis as a definitive treatment, the optimal configuration and assemblies to be employed. The lack of high-quality randomized controlled trials in this field is an important limitation.
A review into the therapeutic effectiveness of oral cannabidiol (CBD) in addition to current treatment in cats with Osteoarthritis (OA).
Authors: Wilkinson Oliver 
Published: October 2024

Question
In cats with osteoarthritis (OA), does the oral supplementation of cannabidiol (CBD) oil, compared to conventional treatment alone, improve treatment outcomes of reducing pain and improving locomotion?

Clinical bottom line
The category of research question was:
Treatment.
The number and type of study designs that were critically appraised were:
No papers were found relevant to the PICO.
Critical appraisal of the selected papers meeting the inclusion criteria collectively provide zero/weak/moderate/strong evidence in terms of their experimental design and implementation:
Zero.
The outcomes reported are summarised as follows…
No studies relevant to the PICO were found (in English) on the use of CBD in cats with OA.
In view of the strength of evidence and the outcomes from the studies the following conclusion is made…
There is currently no evidence to recommend the use of CBD in cats for the treatment of OA and further studies on therapeutic use of CBD in cats with OA are required.
PARENT COMMUNICATION PATTERNS AND RISK SEXUAL BEHAVIOR IN LATE ADOLESCENT
Authors: Cindy Wahyu Agustina  , Sulistiawati Sulistiawati , Setyoboedi Bagus 
Published: October 2024

Background: Risky sexual behaviour in adolescents can have a detrimental impact on adolescent development and health, such as exposure to sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, unwanted pregnancy, and abortion. Many factors can cause risky sexual behaviour, family factors, especially parental communication patterns are one of the most important influences, because parents are the environment that has the strongest preventive efforts in keeping adolescents involved in promiscuous activities. This study aims to find the relationship between parental communication patterns and risky sexual behaviour in late adolescents. Method: Observational analytic with cross-sectional research design. The sample size was 300 respondents with consecutive sampling technique. The independent variable is communication pattern. The dependent variable was risky sexual behaviour in late adolescents. The research data used instruments in the form of questionnaires and analysed using the Spearman's rank test with a significance level of p < 0.05. Result: Parental communication patterns in late adolescents were dominated by authoritative communication patterns at 56% and 63% of respondents have low-risk sexual behaviour. Spearman's rank test results p value < α, p = 0.000 and r = -0.239. Conclusion : Parental communication patterns have a relationship with risky sexual behaviour in late adolescents.
Stop Using Black-Box Models: Application of Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Rate of Penetration Prediction
Authors: Meng Han , Lin Botao , Jin Yan 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Rate of penetration (ROP) prediction plays a crucial role in optimizing drilling efficiency and reducing overall costs in the petroleum industry. Although modern artificial intelligence (AI) models have shown promising performance in this task, their lack of interpretability hinders their practical applications. This study introduces the neural basis model (NBM), a self-explainable model, for ROP prediction. The adopted NBM is benchmarked against some well-known methods using a publicly available data set, demonstrating its promising performance. The key advantage of the NBM lies in its ability to provide clear explanations, where the influence of the input drilling parameters on the predicted ROP can be clearly visualized and analyzed. The study also compares the models’ performance under two scenarios—continuous learning and all-for-one. The results indicate that the models’ performance under the continuous learning scenario, in which the models are iteratively updated with new data from the same well, outperforms that under the all-for-one scenario, where models are trained on data from previously drilled wells and applied to new wells. The discrepancy is probably due to the absence of detailed formation characteristics from the data set. Therefore, the model trained in other wells could not generalize well on new wells. Currently, in petroleum engineering, AI is gradually playing an increasingly important role; however, the majority of AI-related works often directly employ black-box models, which lack interpretability and might cause serious risks if deployed in practice. This work introduces an approach to using neural networks to build self-explainable AI (XAI), with the aim of promoting the application of XAI in the petroleum industry.
PAM-free diagnostics with diverse type V CRISPR-Cas systems
Authors: Jain Piyush , Rananaware Santosh , Meister Katelyn , Shoemaker Grace , Vesco Emma , Sandoval Luke Samuel , Lewis Jordan , Bodin August , Karalkar Vedant , Lange Ian , Pizzano Brianna , Chang Minji , Ahmadimashhadi M.Reza , Flannery Sarah , Nguyen Long , Wang Gary 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Type V CRISPR-Cas effectors have revolutionized molecular diagnostics by facilitating the detection of nucleic acid biomarkers. However, their dependence on the presence of protospacer adjacent motif (PAM) sites on the target double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) greatly limits their flexibility as diagnostic tools. Here we present a novel method named PICNIC that solves the PAM problem for CRISPR-based diagnostics with just a simple ~10-min modification to contemporary CRISPR-detection protocols. Our method involves the separation of dsDNA into individual single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) strands through a high-temperature and high-pH treatment. We then detect the released ssDNA strands with diverse Cas12 enzymes in a PAM-free manner. We show the utility of PICNIC by successfully applying it for PAM-free detection with three different subtypes of the Cas12 family- Cas12a, Cas12b, and Cas12i. Notably, by combining PICNIC with a truncated 15-nucleotide spacer containing crRNA, we demonstrate PAM-independent detection of clinically important single-nucleotide polymorphisms with CRISPR. We apply this approach to detect the presence of a drug-resistant variant of HIV-1, specifically the K103N mutant, that lacks a PAM site in the vicinity of the mutation. Additionally, we successfully translate our approach to clinical samples by detecting and genotyping HCV-1a and HCV-1b variants with 100% specificity at a PAM-less site within the HCV genome. In summary, PICNIC is a simple yet groundbreaking method that enhances the flexibility and precision of CRISPR-Cas12-based diagnostics by eliminating the restriction of the PAM sequence.
Medical Student Perceptions of Effective and Ineffective Educators during their Surgical Clerkship
Authors: Rothman Deanna Palenzuela , Pradarelli Alyssa , Petrusa Emil , Moses Joy , Phitayakorn Roy 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose
While the operative experience is a core component of the surgical clerkship, studies have suggested interactions with strong teachers and mentors have the most significant impact on a student’s decision to pursue a surgical career. The goal of this study was to identify qualities of effective and ineffective educators from a medical student’s perspective and clarify successful educational techniques that can significantly impact medical students’ surgery clerkship experiences.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative analysis of all medical student Surgery clerkship evaluations of resident physicians and surgery faculty from 2018 to 2022 at four HMS affiliated tertiary care centers. We utilized grounded theory as a means of exploring and interpreting our data. Qualitative analysis was conducted with two reviewers per the Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) checklist guidelines for qualitative research.
Results
A total of 1,378 faculty evaluations were analyzed with a Cohen’s Kappa of 0.85, indicating excellent inter-rater reliability. The analysis revealed six key themes that resonated with medical students during surgical clerkships: Enabling Student Involvement, Investment in Student Learners, Positive Team Environment, High Yield Teaching, Clinical Role Models, and Personal Connection. Students valued educators who allowed independence, advocated for their involvement, and engaged with them both inside and outside the operating room. Effective educators prioritized educational experiences, set clear expectations, and provided feedback. They also shaped the team environment by including students and acknowledging their contributions. Successful teaching strategies included high-yield chalk-talks, multi-modal activities, and personalized topics. Students appreciated educators who demonstrated clinical excellence and sought personal connections, valuing mentorship and efforts to know them as individuals.
Conclusions
Surgical residents and attendings play a significant role in shaping the educational experience of medical students on the surgical clerkship. Based on our findings, we developed the “Surgical Educator’s Compass” to provide practical guidelines for educator interventions to incorporate varied teaching strategies, involve medical students, and maximize student education during the surgical clerkship.