bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE FORENSIS MODELING OF THE TRAVMATS BY THE METHOD OF THE SHOT CARTRIDGE LIGHT AND SOUND ACTION
Authors: Kulikov S. N. , Potapenko A. A. 
Published: April 2017

The article deals with the forensic component of the proving in the juridical process the objective part of the crime which possibility can be realized by the method of shooting from close distance by the deactivated firearm charged with light-audible cartridges. The legal distribution and free sale of that kind of arms can’t exclude the possibility of the formation of such criminal casus. The experimental modeling of the head traumas has been performed by the means of series of shots from that kind of a gun with regard to legal restriction. Whereby the object of the shots’ recipient had the recommended in the forensic examination combine features. The proving findings of the forensic valuation of the mechanics of the origin and morphology of the modeling traumas have been pointed out. The shot of the light-audible cartridge may cause grievous traumas.
Aligning Land Use with Land Potential: The Role of Integrated Agriculture
Authors: Liebig M. A. , Herrick J. E. , Archer D. W. , Dobrowolski J. , Duiker S. W. , Franzluebbers A. J. , Hendrickson J. R. , Mitchell R. , Mohamed A. , Russell J. , Strickland T. C. 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
Agricultural lands have varying potential based on climate, topography, and soils.
Aligning land use and potential improves sustainable delivery of ecosystem services.
Integrated agricultural systems (IAS) are uniquely adapted to variable land types.
Socioeconomic barriers to IAS implementation are significant.
Considerable research and education is needed to facilitate IAS adoption.
Contemporary agricultural land use is dominated by an emphasis on provisioning services by applying energy‐intensive inputs through relatively uniform production systems across variable landscapes. This approach to agricultural land use is not sustainable. Achieving sustainable use of agricultural land should instead focus on the application of innovative management systems that provide multiple ecosystem services on lands with varying inherent qualities. Integrated agricultural systems (IAS) represent an alternative approach to prevailing land use, whereby site‐adapted enterprises are implemented to enhance synergistic resource transfer among enterprises and sustainable delivery of ecosystem services. Sustainable deployment of IAS on agricultural land involves placing the “right enterprise” at the “right intensity” at the “right time” on the “right location,” with the inherent attributes of location providing guidance for management decisions. There is an urgent need to design IAS that enhance delivery of ecosystem services while ensuring land potential thresholds are not exceeded.
Effect of Environmental Conditions on the Degradation of Florasulam in Typical Soils of Northern China
Authors: Su Wangcang , Xu Hongle , Hao Hongdan , Wu Renhai , Wang Hengliang , Lu Chuantao 
Published: April 2017

The widespread use of florasulam in China makes residues from this herbicide in soil a serious concern due to their potential to pollute the soil environment and groundwater. Accelerating the degradation of these residues will reduce their pollution potential. In this study, we investigated the degradation and adsorption of florasulam in four typical soils in northern China and examined the degradation of florasulam in Inceptisols at different temperatures, soil moisture contents, and pH values, as well as the influence of microorganisms and the use of organic matter and biogas slurry as soil amendments. The half‐lives of florasulam in the four soils were 13.6 d (Ultisols), 13.9 d (Vertisols), 15.1 d (Alfisols), and 19.3 d (Inceptisols), and the adsorption ability of the four soils followed the order Inceptisols > Alfisols > Vertisols > Ultisols. Florasulam degradation rates increased as temperature and soil moisture increased and as soil pH decreased (from 8.0 to 6.0). Adding a small amount of organic matter to the soil increased the florasulam degradation rates. The use of biogas slurry also increased the degradation rates. Florasulam half‐life in unsterilized soil (t1/2 = 19.3 d) was significantly shorter than in sterilized soil (t1/2 = 113.4 d). These results provide agricultural producers and environmental managers useful information for reducing the environmental risk associated with florasulam use.Core Ideas
Florasulam degraded faster as temperature and soil moisture increased and soil pH decreased.
Microorganisms played an important role in florasulam degradation.
Small amounts of added organic matter increased the florasulam degradation rates.
The addition of biogas slurry to soil increased florasulam degradation rates.
Results can help agricultural managers reduce the risk associated with florasulam use.
Comparison of Soil Water Potential Sensors: A Drying Experiment
Authors: Degré Aurore , van der Ploeg Martine J. , Caldwell Todd , Gooren Harm P.A. 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
In situ water retention curve is key to capture the dynamics of root zone functions.
Some of the water potential probes can cover a wide range of water potential levels.
The potential probes ability to capture an in situ retention curve is tested.
The soil water retention curve (WRC) plays a major role in a soil's hydrodynamic behavior. Many measurement techniques are currently available for determining the WRC in the laboratory. Direct in situ WRC can be obtained from simultaneous soil moisture and water potential readings covering a wide tension range, from saturation to the wilting point. There are many widely used soil moisture probes. Whereas near‐saturation tension can be measured using water‐filled tensiometers, wider ranges of water potential require new, more expensive, and less widely used probes. We compared three types of soil water potential sensors that could allow us to measure water potential in the field, with a range relevant to water uptake by plants. Polymer tensiometers (POTs), MPS‐2 probes, and pF meters were compared in a controlled drying experiment. The study showed that the POTs and MPS‐2 probes had good reliability in their respective ranges. Combined with a soil moisture probe, these two sensors can provide observed WRCs. The pF meters below −30 kPa were inaccurate, and their response was sensitive to measurement interval, with greater estimated suction at shorter measurement intervals. In situ WRC can provide supplementary information, particularly with regard to its spatial and temporal variability. It could also improve the results of other measurement techniques, such as geophysical observations.
Porous Media Characterization to Simulate Water and Heat Transport through Green Roof Substrates
Authors: Sandoval Victoria , Bonilla Carlos A. , Gironás Jorge , Vera Sergio , Victorero Felipe , Bustamante Waldo , Rojas Victoria , Leiva Eduardo , Pastén Pablo , Suárez Francisco 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
Hydrodynamic and thermal properties of five green roof substrates were determined.
Coupled heat and water transport in a hypothetical roof was simulated.
The green roof substrates showed a large capacity to store and transport water.
Water retention, storage, and organic matter control substrate hydraulic behavior.
Green roofs integrate vegetation into buildings, thereby minimizing energy requirements and water runoff. An understanding of the processes controlling water and heat fluxes in green roofs under site‐specific climatic conditions is needed to optimize their benefits. The hydrodynamic and thermal characteristics of substrates and vegetation layers are the primary controlling factors determining water and heat fluxes on green roofs. We characterized the physical, hydrodynamic, and thermal properties of five green roof substrates. We performed coupled heat and water transport numerical simulations to assess the impact of these properties on the hydraulic and thermal performance of a hypothetical roof system. The five substrates showed a large capacity to store and transport water, while their ability to conduct heat was similar to other green roof substrates. Under unsaturated conditions, water retention, storage capacity, and organic matter (OM) content of the substrates controlled the hydraulic and thermal response of each substrate. Our simulation results show that the substrate with the best capacity to store water and to reduce the heat flux through the substrate layer was composed of perlite and peat and had large OM content (30.7%) and saturated water content (0.757 cm3 cm−3). This substrate outperformed the others, probably due to its low thermal conductivity and its large pore space. The dynamic modeling presented in this study can represent the complexity of the processes that are occurring in green roof substrates, and thus it is a tool that can be used to design the configuration of a green roof.
Long‐Term Soil Structure Observatory for Monitoring Post‐Compaction Evolution of Soil Structure
Authors: Keller Thomas , Colombi Tino , Ruiz Siul , Manalili Mervin Pogs , Rek Jan , Stadelmann Viktor , Wunderli Hans , Breitenstein Dani , Reiser René , Oberholzer Hansrudolf , Schymanski Stanislaus , Romero-Ruiz Alejandro , Linde Niklas , Weisskopf Peter , Walter Achim , Or Dani 
Published: April 2017

Core Ideas
We provide long‐term data on soil structure evolution following compaction.
Treatments with and without plants and with and without tillage are included.
Monitoring includes soil physical and biological properties and crop measures.
Compaction decreased fluid transport capability and increased mechanical impedance.
The projected intensification of agriculture to meet food targets of a rapidly growing world population are likely to accentuate already acute problems of soil compaction and deteriorating soil structure in many regions of the world. The key role of soil structure for soil functions, the sensitivity of soil structure to agronomic management practices, and the lack of reliable observations and metrics for soil structure recovery rates after compaction motivated the establishment of a long‐term Soil Structure Observatory (SSO) at the Agroscope research institute in Zürich, Switzerland. The primary objective of the SSO is to provide long‐term observation data on soil structure evolution after disturbance by compaction, enabling quantification of compaction recovery rates and times. The SSO was designed to provide information on recovery of compacted soil under different post‐compaction soil management regimes, including natural recovery of bare and vegetated soil as well as recovery with and without soil tillage. This study focused on the design of the SSO and the characterization of the pre‐ and post‐compaction state of the field. We deployed a monitoring network for continuous observation of soil state variables related to hydrologic and biophysical functions (soil water content, matric potential, temperature, soil air O2 and CO2 concentrations, O2 diffusion rates, and redox states) as well as periodic sampling and in situ measurements of infiltration, mechanical impedance, soil porosity, gas and water transport properties, crop yields, earthworm populations, and plot‐scale geophysical measurements. Besides enabling quantification of recovery rates of compacted soil, we expect that data provided by the SSO will help improve our general understanding of soil structure dynamics.
COGNIÇÃO, SEMIÓTICA E MODELAGEM: ARTICULAÇÕES POSSÍVEIS
Authors: Madruga Zulma Elizabete de Freitas , Barcellos Guy Barros , Chamoso José María , Lima Valderez Marina do Rosário 
Published: April 2017

<p>Este artigo apresenta um ensaio teórico que aborda três teorias distintas: cognição, semiótica e modelagem, com o objetivo de articulá-las e, se possível, encontrar pontos convergentes que possam vir a auxiliar no processo de ensino e aprendizagem escolar. Como procedimento metodológico foi utilizado o Mapeamento na Pesquisa Educacional – Mapa Teórico, no qual foi realizada uma busca em obras que contivessem teorias consolidadas acerca da temática em estudo. Após análise destas teorias, pode-se verificar que existem similaridades e pontos de compatibilidade, permitindo a tessitura de articulações que, se utilizadas por professores, podem facilitar o processo de aprendizagem dos estudantes por meio da modelagem.</p><p> </p>
Crédito Solidário e Desenvolvimento Local: O Caso da Cooperativa de Crédito da Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária de Araponga, MG
Authors: Freitas Alair Ferreira de , Amodeo Nora Beatriz Presno , Silva Fernanda Dutra da 
Published: April 2017

<p>O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar as contribuições da Cooperativa de Crédito da Agricultura Familiar e Economia Solidária de Araponga (Ecosol Araponga) para o desenvolvimento local no município de Araponga, MG, sinalizando também alguns desafios dessa organização. A pesquisa foi do tipo qualitativo-descritivo, utilizando-se do estudo de caso. O processo de coleta de dados envolveu observação participante e entrevistas semi-estruturadas com dirigentes/gestores e cooperados em julho/2010, contemplando uma amostra de 50 cooperados e 5 dirigentes. A cooperativa analisada é gerenciada e dirigida pelos próprios agricultores familiares, o que a possibilita utilizar as informações de sua rede de relações sociais na operacionalização e no fortalecimento da gestão do crédito, em prol do desenvolvimento local. Os resultados mostram várias formas pelas quais tanto os agricultores familiares, quanto a atividade econômica do município viram-se beneficiados pelas atividades da cooperativa. Esses dados nos indicam que a essência da contribuição dessa cooperativa ao desenvolvimento local está no fato de que ela possibilita o acesso ao crédito em quantidade considerada suficiente e no tempo certo para que os agricultores familiares aproveitem as oportunidades de mercado e aperfeiçoem seus sistemas produtivos, promovendo a circulação local de recursos financeiros, e as possibilidades de construção coletiva de projetos.</p>
Лікування кальцифікуючого тендиніту сухожилків ротаторної манжети плечового суглоба
Authors: Strafun O.S. 
Published: April 2017

Кальцифікуючий тендиніт — поширене захворювання плеча, що характеризується накопиченням кристалів гідроксіапатиту кальцію в товщі сухожилків ротаторної манжети плечового суглоба. У статті описано досвід лікування 152 пацієнтів із кальцифікуючим тендинітом сухожилків ротаторної манжети плеча. Середній вік хворих становив 43,4 року, жінок було 68 %. У 79 % випадків відмічалось накопичення гідроксіапатиту кальцію в товщі сухожилка надостьового м’яза плеча. У результаті застосування малоінвазивної методики розмивання кальцинатів під ультразвуковим контролем у 61,18 % хворих були отримані добрі та відмінні результати лікування, у 17,1 % — задовільні. У хворих із незадовільними результатами після нідлінгу кальцинатів (21,72 %) було виконано артроскопічне оперативне втручання щодо видалення кальцинатів із подальшим ушиванням ротаторної манжети плеча.
Qualitative Interviews Exploring Palliative Care Perspectives of Latinos on Dialysis
Authors: Cervantes Lilia , Jones Jacqueline , Linas Stuart , Fischer Stacy 
Published: April 2017

Background and objectives
Compared with non-Latino whites with advanced illness, Latinos are less likely to have an advance directive or to die with hospice services. To improve palliative care disparities, international ESRD guidelines call for increased research on culturally responsive communication of advance care planning (ACP). The objective of our study was to explore the preferences of Latino patients receiving dialysis regarding symptom management and ACP.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements
Qualitative study design using semistructured face-to-face interviews of 20 Latinos on hemodialysis between February and July of 2015. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results
Four themes were identified: Avoiding harms of medication (fear of addiction and damage to bodies, effective distractions, reliance on traditional remedies, fatalism: the sense that one’s illness is deserved punishment); barriers and facilitators to ACP: faith, family, and home (family group decision-making, family reluctance to have ACP conversations, flexible decision-making conversations at home with family, ACP conversations incorporating trust and linguistic congruency, family-first and faith-driven decisions); enhancing wellbeing day-to-day (supportive relationships, improved understanding of illness leads to adherence, recognizing new self-value, maintaining a positive outlook); and distressing aspects of living with their illness (dietary restriction is culturally isolating and challenging for families, logistic challenges and socioeconomic disadvantage compounded by health literacy and language barriers, required rapid adjustments to chronic illness, demanding dialysis schedule).

Conclusions
Latinos described unique cultural preferences such as avoidance of medications for symptom alleviation and a preference to have family group decision-making and ACP conversations at home. Understanding and integrating cultural values and preferences into palliative care offers the potential to improve disparities and achieve quality patient-centered care for Latinos with advanced illness.

Podcast
This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2017_04_18_Cervantes.mp3
Early Glycemic Control and Magnitude of HbA1c Reduction Predict Cardiovascular Events and Mortality: Population-Based Cohort Study of 24,752 Metformin Initiators
Authors: Svensson Elisabeth , Baggesen Lisbeth M. , Johnsen Søren P. , Pedersen Lars , Nørrelund Helene , Buhl Esben S. , Haase Christiane L. , Thomsen Reimar W. 
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE
We investigated the association of early achieved HbA1c level and magnitude of HbA1c reduction with subsequent risk of cardiovascular events or death in patients with type 2 diabetes who initiate metformin.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This was a population-based cohort study including all metformin initiators with HbA1c tests in Northern Denmark, 2000–2012. Six months after metformin initiation, we classified patients by HbA1c achieved (&lt;6.5% or higher) and by magnitude of HbA1c change from the pretreatment baseline. We used Cox regression to examine subsequent rates of acute myocardial infarction, stroke, or death, controlling for baseline HbA1c and other confounding factors.

RESULTS
We included 24,752 metformin initiators (median age 62.5 years, 55% males) with a median follow-up of 2.6 years. The risk of a combined outcome event gradually increased with rising levels of HbA1c achieved compared with a target HbA1c of &lt;6.5%: adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.18 (95% CI 1.07–1.30) for 6.5–6.99%, HR 1.23 (1.09–1.40) for 7.0–7.49%, HR 1.34 (1.14–1.57) for 7.5–7.99%, and HR 1.59 (1.37–1.84) for ≥8%. Results were consistent for individual outcome events and robust by age-group and other patient characteristics. A large absolute HbA1c reduction from baseline also predicted outcome: adjusted HR 0.80 (0.65–0.97) for Δ = −4, HR 0.98 (0.80–1.20) for Δ = −3, HR 0.92 (0.78–1.08) for Δ = −2, and HR 0.99 (0.89–1.10) for Δ = −1 compared with no HbA1c change (Δ = 0).

CONCLUSIONS
A large initial HbA1c reduction and achievement of low HbA1c levels within 6 months after metformin initiation are associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular events and death in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Association of Glycemic Variability in Type 1 Diabetes With Progression of Microvascular Outcomes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
Authors: Lachin John M. , Bebu Ionut , Bergenstal Richard M. , Pop-Busui Rodica , Service F. John , Zinman Bernard , Nathan David M. ,   for the DCCT/EDIC Research Group
Published: April 2017

OBJECTIVE
The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) demonstrated the beneficial effects of intensive versus conventional therapy on the development and progression of microvascular complications of type 1 diabetes. These beneficial effects were almost completely explained by the difference between groups in the levels of HbA1c, which in turn were associated with the risk of these complications. We assessed the association of glucose variability within and between quarterly 7-point glucose profiles with the development and progression of retinopathy, nephropathy, and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy during the DCCT.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Measures of variability included the within-day and updated mean (over time) of the SD, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE), and M-value, and the longitudinal within-day, between-day, and total variances. Imputation methods filled in the 16.3% of expected glucose values that were missing.

RESULTS
Cox proportional hazards models assessed the association of each measure of glycemic variation, as a time-dependent covariate, with the risk of retinopathy and nephropathy, and a longitudinal logistic regression model did likewise for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy. Adjusted for mean blood glucose, no measure of within-day variability was associated with any outcome. Only the longitudinal mean M-value (over time) was significantly associated with microalbuminuria when adjusted for the longitudinal mean blood glucose and corrected for multiple tests using the Holm procedure.

CONCLUSIONS
Overall, within-day glycemic variability, as determined from quarterly glucose profiles, does not play an apparent role in the development of microvascular complications beyond the influence of the mean glucose.