bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pregnancy outcomes among women with inflammatory bowel disease: A UK tertiary centre experience
Authors: Tunney Ruth , Liu Eleanor , Limdi Jimmy K. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Optimal management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in pregnancy is associated with better pregnancy outcomes. We describe management of IBD during pregnancy and maternal and fetal outcomes of patients from a tertiary UK IBD centre.

Methods
This is a retrospective observational cohort study of all pregnancies occurring between 2015 and 2021 in a large tertiary IBD centre in the UK. IBD activity and management prior to, during and after pregnancy were recorded along with pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Associations between IBD-focused interventions and any adverse pregnancy outcomes, as well as the association between IBD severity and treatments and adverse maternofetal outcomes were assessed.

Results
Pregnancies in 130 women with IBD were included for analysis. The mean maternal age at delivery was 30.5 (± 4.7) years. At conception, 73 women (56.2%) were in clinical remission and 24 (18.4%) were treated with a biologic agent. Active disease during pregnancy, measured by physician global assessment, was less frequent in women who were in clinical remission at conception, compared to those not in remission at conception (16/73 21.9% vs. 39/49 79.6%; data insufficient for eight women). Active IBD at conception was associated with pre-term birth (p = 0.04). Maternal corticosteroid use in any trimester was associated with low birth weight (T1 p = 0.02; T2 p = 0.005; T3 p = 0.007). Active disease (p = 0.008) and steroid use in the third trimester (p = 0.05) were both associated with neonatal infections up to six months after birth.

Conclusion
Women in clinical remission at the time of conception have favorable outcomes, consistent with prospective observational studies. Our observations emphasize the importance of high quality IBD care for women pre and post-partum in line with international recommendations.

Graphical Abstract
The Effects of Virtual Reality-Based Mindfulness Exercises on the Perception of Time, Psychological and Physiological States of Young People: A Randomized Crossover Trial
Authors: Olasz Orsolya , Erdős Sándor , Horváth Klára 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the efficacy of different electronic devices (VR headsets and tablet devices) supported mindfulness exercises. Contrary to previous studies, we compared the technologies not only regarding psychological but also physiological parameters. Additionally, we assessed time perception as an indicator of flow state, which can increase therapeutic adherence.

Method
Fifty volunteers (26 females and 24 males) aged 19–28 years (M = 23, SD = 1.93 years) participated in our cross-over trial. A 20-min mindfulness program (Guided Meditation VR™) was shown on both a VR headset and a tablet device, with a 1-week interval in randomized order. Psychological parameters and time perception were assessed through surveys, and an Empatica E4 wristband collected physiological data (heart rate, body temperature, electrodermal activity).

Results
Both VR- and tablet-based mindfulness programs reduced stress, as reflected by improvements in both anxiety (a 7.06-point reduction in STAI-Y score, p < 0.001) and in-session physiological parameters (a 4.82 bpm reduction in HR, p < 0.001; 1.11 °C increase in body temperature, p < 0.001), without significant differences between the two devices. However, participants perceived the intervention as shorter than its actual time only in the VR condition (VR: 26 shorter, 9 longer out of 47, p = 0.006; tablet: 20 shorter, 14 longer out of 47, p = 0.39).

Conclusions
While affirming the efficacy of electronic device-supported mindfulness in stress reduction, our study suggests no significant disparity between VR and tablet-supported exercises. Our findings also suggest that participants in the VR session perceived the intervention as shorter than its actual duration.

Preregistration
This study is not preregistered.
Dataset of an actual motor vehicle insurance portfolio
Authors: Segura-Gisbert Jorge , Lledó Josep , Pavía Jose M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAdvanced analytics plays a vital role in enhancing various aspects of business operations within the insurance sector by providing valuable insights that drive informed decision-making, primarily through effective database utilization. However, open access databases in the insurance industry are exceedingly rare, as they are the basis of the business, encapsulating all the risk structure of the company. This makes it challenging for researchers and practitioners to access comprehensive insurance datasets for analysis and assessing new approaches. This paper introduces an extensive database specifically tailored for non-life motor insurance, containing 105,555 rows and encompassing a wide array of 30 variables. The dataset comprises important date-related information, such as effective date, date of birth of the insured, and renewal date, essential for policy management and risk assessment. Additionally, it includes relevant economic variables, such as premiums and claim costs, for assessments of products’ financial profitability. Moreover, the database features an array of risk-related variables, such as vehicle size, economic value, power, and weight, which significantly contribute to understanding risk dynamics. By leveraging the statistical analysis of this rich database, researchers could identify novel risk profiles, reveal variables that influence insured claims behaviour, and contribute to the advancement of educational and research initiatives in the dynamic fields of economics and actuarial sciences. The availability of this comprehensive database opens new opportunities for research and teaching and empowers insurance professionals to enhance their risk assessment and decision-making processes.
Het afsluitmechanisme van de urethra bij de vrouw tijdens fysieke stress en de consequenties voor de urologische en urogynaecologische praktijk
Authors: Venema Pieter L. , Kummeling Maxime T. M. , van Koeveringe Gommert A. , Heesakkers John P. F. A. 
Published: September 2024

SamenvattingHet sluiten van de urethra van de vrouw onder condities van inspanning (stress) is waarschijnlijk het resultaat van een reflexcontractie die in gang wordt gezet door activiteit van de buikwandmusculatuur bij abdominale drukverhoging, met als effect contractie van de urethrale rhabdosfincter en bekkenbodemspieren. Deze reflexcontractie treedt een fractie van een seconde eerder op dan de verhoging van de blaasdruk tijdens stressepisodes. De drukverhoging in de urethra tijdens periodes van stress kan alleen goed plaatsvinden wanneer de urethra voldoende is gefixeerd aan de symfyse door de pubo-urethrale ligamenten, waardoor de externe urethrale sfincter in staat is de druk in de urethra te verhogen. De grootste en belangrijkste druktoename in de urethra bij drukverhoging vindt plaats in de distale urethra als gevolg van een kinking van de urethra.
A New Model for Evaluating the Behaviour of Swelling Soils
Authors: Komornik Uri , Benoliel David 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn many areas around the world, there are clayey soils that have the potential to change their volume caused by the variation in their water content. Increasing or decreasing the water content caused the clayey soils to swell or shrink, respectively. This phenomenon may cause the uplifting and settlement of structures, which may lead to considerable financial damages. The estimation of swelling displacement without addressing the swelling rate have been published by several research works. This drawback leads to the development of a new model that takes into account the swelling behavior of soils with time. The model, which consists of two hyperbolic curves, was compared with swelling test results performed on soil samples taken from several locations in Israel. Data test results were used to compare the newly introduced model with other existing mathematical models found in the literature. This analysis shows that the new model represents more accurately the behavior with time of the swelling clayey soils measured in laboratory test results than the existing hyperbolic models.
Rings: Minna, Nathan, and Memory-Play
Authors: Rennie Nicholas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe literature has long debated the meaning and function of the play of rings staged to such effect by the titular heroine of Lessing’s 1767 Minna von Barnhelm, and the rings that stand at the center of the parable told by the titular hero of his 1779 Nathan the Wise. What has been missing is a sustained examination of the question of whether and how these rings might serve related functions in the two works. This article considers the Lustspiel and Dramatisches Gedicht together in order to argue that the rings in each case need to be understood as tokens of remembrance, and that the complexity of the ring-thematic reflects an essential ambivalence in Lessing’s understanding of memory. Each ring comes to represent both the circularity of a return to past realities and commitments, and those historical ruptures and developments that prevent such a return. By extension, the dramas’ rings more broadly represent a fraught transition, one both emancipatory and destabilizing, from what Aleida Assmann (Erinnerungsräume: Formen und Wandlungen des kulturellen Gedächtnisses [1999]) has described as a memory model inherited from the memoria tradition and based on the principle of archival retrieval, to a modern memory model based on a principle of reshaping and renewal rooted in the present.
Academic freedom: normative ideals, contemporary challenges
Authors: Özmen Elif 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere is broad agreement within both science and society about the value of academic freedom. There is disagreement, however, about which forms or degrees, if any, of political and moral regulation might harm or benefit science. Academic freedom, just like free speech in general, has turned into a contentious issue within society as a whole. Competing ideas about science and its social functions, as well as the norms of justice and legitimacy, are debated.
From GIS to Graphical Representation for Maintaining Connectivity of Wastewater Network Elements
Authors: Et-Targuy Omar , Delenne Carole , Benferhat Salem , Begdouri Ahlame , Do Thanh-Nghi , Ma Truong-Thanh 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWastewater network management is a critical aspect of ensuring public health and environmental sustainability. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are widely employed for managing and analyzing wastewater network data. A Shapefile is a model for representing vector data in GIS. In this model, different databases are used to store various types of geometric data, including points, lines, and polygons. For instance, the components of wastewater networks are stored in different databases. However, this approach presents difficulties in accurately depicting the connectivity among the wastewater network components that are physically interconnected in reality. To address this issue, this paper discusses the limitations of the separate databases approach for representing wastewater networks in Shapefile and proposes a novel graph-based approach. In this approach, each component of the network, such as manholes, structures, pumps, etc., is represented as a node in the novel graph, while the pipes represent the connections between them. By adopting the proposed representation, the real interconnected nature of the wastewater network can be effectively captured and visualized. The validation of this approach, using five real datasets, confirms its ability to connect the various components of the wastewater network via a graph-based representation.
Human capital indicators as influenced by SES, cognitive and non-cognitive skills: evidence from Taiwan’s PISA performance
Authors: Boman Björn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTaiwan’s high performance in the PISA surveys has not been unnoticed by researchers. However, both individual level research and cross-national research which is relevant for Taiwan’s PISA achievement is typically lacking, especially as regards later surveys. This article examined Taiwan’s PISA mathematics and reading achievement in 2018, using individual level data (Valid N = 6863) and cross-national data with aggregated data for 77 countries. At the individual level, socioeconomic and non-cognitive variables explain the most variance of PISA mathematics and reading. At the cross-national level, cognitive ability and average income were statistically significant with cognitive ability as the strongest predictor. As Taiwan has a high level of average cognitive ability it may regarded as a strong comparative advantage with regard to human capital.
People-environment relations following COVID-19 pandemic lifestyle restrictions: a multinational, explorative analysis of intended biophilic design changes
Authors: Shulla Kalterina , Voigt Bernd-Friedrich , Lardjane Salim , Fischer Kerstin , Kędzierski Piotr , Scandone Giuseppe , Süße Thomas 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe study analyzes the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions for the human–environment relations through the lenses of biophilic design. The mixed-method quantitative and qualitative explanatory research combines contextual and personal variables, such as, among others, country, age group, gender, overcrowding, time spent outside, access to nature/food and the exposure to biophilic elements, during and after the lockdown. The results indicate that psychological pressure on individuals caused by pandemic restrictions imposed early 2020, triggered changes in human-environmental relation. More precisely, our comparative analysis of six European countries (Italy, Germany, Poland, Spain, Denmark and Sweden) indicates that people-environment relations do not depend on the objective severity of country-wise restrictions, but rather on the individual perceptions of these restrictions. The results complement the lack of the research for the role of biophilic design in understanding and enhancing human–environment relations during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and thereafter.
Algorithmic fairness in predictive policing
Authors: Almasoud Ahmed S. , Idowu Jamiu Adekunle 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe increasing use of algorithms in predictive policing has raised concerns regarding the potential amplification of societal biases. This study adopts a two-phase approach, encompassing a systematic review and the mitigation of age-related biases in predictive policing. Our systematic review identifies a variety of fairness strategies in existing literature, such as domain knowledge, likelihood function penalties, counterfactual reasoning, and demographic segmentation, with a primary focus on racial biases. However, this review also highlights significant gaps in addressing biases related to other protected attributes, including age, gender, and socio-economic status. Additionally, it is observed that police actions are a major contributor to model discrimination in predictive policing. To address these gaps, our empirical study focuses on mitigating age-related biases within the Chicago Police Department's Strategic Subject List (SSL) dataset used in predicting the risk of being involved in a shooting incident, either as a victim or an offender. We introduce Conditional Score Recalibration (CSR), a novel bias mitigation technique, alongside the established Class Balancing method. CSR involves reassessing and adjusting risk scores for individuals initially assigned moderately high-risk scores, categorizing them as low risk if they meet three criteria: no prior arrests for violent offenses, no previous arrests for narcotic offenses, and no involvement in shooting incidents. Our fairness assessment, utilizing metrics like Equality of Opportunity Difference, Average Odds Difference, and Demographic Parity, demonstrates that this approach significantly improves model fairness without sacrificing accuracy.
Prognostic validity of coronary flow reserve (CFR)-derived mapping-stress MRI in the risk stratification of suspected or known CAD patients
Authors: Lamja Stefania , Boccetti Danilo , Palumbo Pierpaolo , Barile Antonio , Di Cesare Ernesto 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Aim of our study is to evaluate the prognostic value of T1 stress mapping in suspected or known- CAD patients.

Materials and methods
In this retrospective study, there were 34 patients with known CAD. Mean follow-up time was 30.9 months (95% CI 29.49–32.31). All eligible participants were re-called for an on-site interview and we evaluated Primary endpoints like all Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) and Secondary endpoints (arrhythmias and all cardiac causes of clinical worsening).

Results
Our general population of patients was split into responders and nonresponders based on T1 Mapping response. The T1 values were not statistically significant when compared based on collected MACE; however, when compared to secondary outcomes, there were significant differences in non-responders patients (p-value 0.001).

Conclusion
The microcirculation defect can be identified more effectively and accurately with T1 mapping than conventional qualitative evaluation. T1 mapping assumes a prognostic and therapeutic significance in stratifying the risk of patients with microvascular angina who have shown secondary outcomes.
Climate‐Driven Projections of Future Global Wetlands Extent
Authors: Hardouin Lucas , Decharme Bertrand , Colin Jeanne , Delire Christine 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWetlands are crucial components of the Earth's system, interacting with various processes such as the hydrological cycle, energy exchanges with the atmosphere, and global nitrogen and carbon cycles. The future trajectory of wetlands is anticipated to be influenced not only by direct human activities, but also by climate change. Here we present our assessment of climate‐driven global changes in wetlands extent, focusing on the main wetland complexes. We used an approach based on the Topographic Hydrological model (TOPMODEL) and soil liquid water content projections from 14 models of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Our analysis reveals a consistent decrease in wetlands extent in the Mediterranean, Central America, and northern South America, with a substantial loss of 28% in the western Amazon Basin for the end of the 21st century (2081–2100) under the SSP370 scenario. Conversely, Central Africa exhibits an increase in wetlands extent, except in the Congo Basin. Nevertheless, most of the areas studied (80%) present uncertain results, due to conflicting projections of changes between the models. Notably, we show that there is significant uncertainty among CMIP6 models regarding liquid soil water content in high latitudes. By narrowing our focus to 10 models, which seem to better represent the thawing of permafrost, we obtain a better inter‐model agreement. We then find a modest declines in the overall global area (<5%), but an average loss of 13% beyond 50°N. Specific areas like the Hudson Bay Lowlands experiencing a 21% decrease and the Western Siberian Lowlands a 15% decrease.
Evidences of Permafrost Signatures in the Planform Shape of Arctic Meandering Streams
Authors: Ragno Niccolò , Bonanomi Riccardo , Crivellaro Marta , Tubino Marco 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate whether geomorphic signatures of permafrost are embedded in planforms of river meanders, and we inquire as to how physical factors unique to permafrost environments are able to affect their dynamics. By exploiting satellite imagery, a data set of 19 freely‐meandering Arctic rivers is compared against an independent data set of 23 freely‐meandering streams flowing through temperate and tropical regions. Suitable dimensionless metrics are defined to characterize morphometric properties of meanders in terms of the spatio‐temporal distribution of curvature and channel width. Results show the absence of marked contrasts in the amplitude of bend‐curvature between the two data set. Differently, we find a permafrost signature in the channel width response, which manifests itself through larger values of the average bend‐width and by peaks of width fluctuations. Field data suggest that permafrost meanders tend to widen for increasing bend sinuosity, likely promoting a shift of their morphodynamic regime as final cutoff is approached.
Channel‐Spanning Logjams and Reach‐Scale Hydraulic Resistance in Mountain Streams
Authors: Follett Elizabeth , Wohl Ellen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractLogjams create an upstream backwater of deepened, slower water, locally reducing bed shear stress. We compared hydraulic impact of logjam series across 37 geomorphically diverse reaches of mountain streams observed over 11 years in the US Southern Rockies. To enable reach‐scale comparison of logjam structure and spacing, we identified the modeled best‐fit effective resistance coefficient minimizing difference between outflow exiting a 1D channel with logjams present, and the same model channel with elevated channel resistance. Effective resistance increased with ratio of jam upstream depth to depth without a logjam, ratio of backwater length to average spacing, and decreased for randomly distributed jams due to close spacing, which reduced backwater impact. An analytic approximation and boundaries for region of relative spacing with steepest increase in effective resistance are provided. Our results can assist in targeting interventions to areas where hydraulic impact is greatest, providing value for money in nature‐based solution design.
The Polarity of IMF By Strongly Modulates Particle Precipitation During High‐Speed Streams
Authors: Laitinen J. , Holappa L. , Vanhamäki H. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRecent studies have suggested that the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) component modulates particle precipitation during solstices, or periods of high dipole tilt . So far this explicit IMF ‐effect has only been shown in statistical studies. Here we analyzed a sequence of high‐speed stream (HSS) driven events of auroral ( keV) and medium energy ( keV and keV) particle precipitation. We show that when HSSs are comparable in terms of IMF and solar wind parameters, they can lead to systematically stronger particle precipitation in individual events when the signs of and are opposite. We also perform a superposed epoch analysis of 485 HSSs giving further evidence that the ‐effect is especially significant during HSSs. This is likely due to the persistent IMF polarity during HSSs. We show evidence that the dependence in particle precipitation is caused by a similar dependence in substorm occurrence.