bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hiatuses and condensation: an estimation of time lost on a shallow carbonate platform
Authors: Strasser André 
Published: January 2016

AbstractOn shallow carbonate platforms, the sedimentary record is highly fragmentary because low accommodation commonly leads to non‐deposition, erosion, reworking and condensation. Consequently, it is difficult to quantify the time that is actually recorded and to estimate sedimentation rates. The Berriasian platform in the Swiss and French Jura Mountains offers an opportunity to address this problem. Facies evolution through time displays deepening‐shallowing trends of different orders, resulting in a hierarchical stacking of sequences. The sequence‐ and cyclostratigraphic analysis relates these sequences to orbital cycles with durations of 20, 100, and 400 kyr. Many surfaces in the record of shallow‐water carbonates can be interpreted as hiatuses due to non‐deposition in the supratidal realm, reactivation of shoals or scouring by currents. Strongly bioturbated intervals and hardgrounds commonly result from sediment starvation. These same processes and products can be observed on modern carbonate platforms, and the duration of the hiatuses or condensed intervals can be inferred (a few hours to a few hundreds of years). Amalgamations and narrow stacking of such surfaces create sequence‐boundary zones that can be followed over the entire platform. Time lost or condensed in these zones may correspond to hundreds of thousands of years. Time distribution in the studied sections thus is highly irregular: short periods of sedimentation alternated with long periods of non‐deposition, erosion, reworking, and condensation. Furthermore, due to substrate morphology and laterally variable depositional environments, the depositional record of a given time interval varied significantly across the platform. In one example, it can be estimated that – applying modern sedimentation rates – a sedimentary record spanning 800 kyr could have been deposited within 44 kyr if there were no hiatuses or condensations. It becomes clear that, when estimating carbonate production and sediment accumulation rates in ancient records, the shortest possible time spans must be used to minimize the effect of time lost in hiatal surfaces and condensed intervals.
Chemical Synthesis of Monomeric, Dimeric and Tetrameric Forms of the Ectodomain of Influenza Matrix 2 Protein
Authors: Zeng Weiguang , Horrocks Kylie J. , Tan Amabel C. L. , Jackson David C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe highly conserved ectodomain of M2 protein (M2e) of influenza virus A is one of the most studied vaccine targets for induction of cross‐strain protection. It has been reported that the native form of M2 is a homo‐tetramer linked by disulfide bonds and that antibodies reactive to this form correlate with M2‐mediated protection. Although vaccine constructs mimicking the quaternary structure of M2 have been described, the chemical syntheses of disulfide‐linked dimeric and tetrameric forms of M2e have not yet been reported. By exploiting orthogonal chemistry during the syntheses, we successfully assembled dimeric and tetrameric forms of M2e but found that the antibodies that they elicited had protection properties similar to those of the monomeric form. There was, therefore no advantage mimicking the native conformation to improve vaccine efficacy. Nevertheless, the synthetic strategies have the potential for use in preparation of other dimeric or tetrameric constructs.
A Sensitive and Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on Graphene Quantum Dot/Gold Nanoparticle Nanocomposite Modified Electrode for the Determination of Quercetin in Biological Samples
Authors: Li Jianjun , Qu Jiajia , Yang Ran , Qu Lingbo , de B. Harrington Peter 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor based on (graphene quantum dot)/(gold nanoparticle) nanocomposite (GQD/AuNP) modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) (GQD/AuNP/GCE) was constructed and utilized for the determination of quercetin. The nanocomposite of GQDs and AuNPs can greatly accelerate the electron transfer rate and showed excellent synergistic electrochemical activity for the oxidation of quercetin. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for the quantitative determination of quercetin, the oxidation peak current was linear with the concentration of quercetin in the range of 0.01 to 6.0 μM with a detection limit of 2.0 nM which was more sensitive than most of the reported methods. Under the optimum conditions, the possible coexistence biological matrix including some metal ions, proteins, amino acids and other flavonoids with similar structures had no interference effect on the determination of quercetin. The proposed method was successfully applied to the sensitive determination of quercetin in human plasma samples with satisfactory recoveries.
Real‐time imaging of photodynamic action in bacteria
Authors: Gollmer Anita , Felgentraeger Ariane , Maisch Tim , Flors Cristina 
Published: January 2016

Fluorescence imaging studies of the processes leading to photodynamic inactivation of bacteria have been limited due to the small size of microorganisms as well as by the faint fluorescence of most photosensitizers. A versatile method based on highly‐sensitive fluorescence microscopy is presented which allows to study, in real time, the incorporation of photosensitizers inside S. aureus upon photodynamic action. The method takes advantage of the fluorescence enhancement of phenothiazine and porphyrin photosensitizers upon entering the bacterial cytosol after the cell wall has been compromised. In combination with typical assays, such as the addition of specific enhancers of reactive oxygen species, it is possible to extract mechanistic information about the pathway of photodynamic damage at the single‐cell level. Imaging experiments in deuterated buffer strongly support a Type‐I mechanism for methylene blue and a very minor role of singlet oxygen.
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Conditional Deletion of Murine Fgf23: Interruption of the Normal Skeletal Responses to Phosphate Challenge and Rescue of Genetic Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Clinkenbeard Erica L , Cass Taryn A , Ni Pu , Hum Julia M , Bellido Teresita , Allen Matthew R , White Kenneth E 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT

The transgenic and knockout (KO) animals involving Fgf23 have been highly informative in defining novel aspects of mineral metabolism, but are limited by shortened lifespan, inability of spatial/temporal FGF23 control, and infertility of the global KO. To more finely test the role of systemic and genetic influences in FGF23 production, a mouse was developed that carried a floxed (“f”)-Fgf23 allele (exon 2 floxed) which demonstrated in vivo recombination when bred to global-Cre transgenic mice (eIIa-cre). Mice homozygous for the recombined allele (“Δ”) had undetectable serum intact FGF23, elevated serum phosphate (p &lt; 0.05), and increased kidney Cyp27b1 mRNA (p &lt; 0.05), similar to global Fgf23-KO mice. To isolate cellular FGF23 responses during phosphate challenge, Fgf23Δ/f mice were mated with early osteoblast type Iα1 collagen 2.3-kb promoter-cre mice (Col2.3-cre) and the late osteoblast/early osteocyte Dentin matrix protein-1-cre (Dmp1-cre). Fgf23Δ/f/Col2.3-cre+ and Fgf23Δ/f/Dmp1-cre+ exhibited reduced baseline serum intact FGF23 versus controls. After challenge with high-phosphate diet Cre– mice had 2.1-fold to 2.5-fold increased serum FGF23 (p &lt; 0.01), but Col2.3-cre+ mice had no significant increase, and Dmp1-cre+ mice had only a 37% increase (p &lt; 0.01) despite prevailing hyperphosphatemia in both models. The Fgf23Δ/f/Col2.3-cre was bred onto the Hyp (murine X-linked hypophosphatemia [XLH] model) genetic background to test the contribution of osteoblasts and osteocytes to elevated FGF23 and Hyp disease phenotypes. Whereas Hyp mice maintained inappropriately elevated FGF23 considering their marked hypophosphatemia, Hyp/Fgf23Δ/f/Col2.3-cre+ mice had serum FGF23 &lt;4% of Hyp (p &lt; 0.01), and this targeted restriction normalized serum phosphorus and ricketic bone disease. In summary, deleting FGF23 within early osteoblasts and osteocytes demonstrated that both cell types contribute to baseline circulating FGF23 concentrations, and that targeting osteoblasts/osteocytes for FGF23 production can modify systemic responses to changes in serum phosphate concentrations and rescue the Hyp genetic syndrome. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Morphological characterization of the oral cavity of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) with emphasis on the teeth‐age adaptation
Authors: Elgendy Samir A.A. , Alsafy Mohamed A.M. , Tanekhy Mahmoud. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTGilthead sea bream with different age groups that collected from Seawater fisheries, Ismailia Governorate, Egypt, were examined by gross anatomy and scanning electron microscopy to assess the morphological characteristics of the oral cavity. Teeth patterns showed that the gilthead sea bream is adapted to the feeding pattern according to age development, as it modified from spiny form teeth in young fishes to obelisk‐like teeth and flat dome‐like teeth in growing fishes, with differentiation of teeth into three pairs of canine and conical teeth, that later differentiated to small and large flat teeth. With development, the apical pouch also showed morphological differentiation from curve‐like in small fishes to Y‐letter shape in medium‐sized fishes, which later grow to completely covering the lower jaw in grown adult fishes. Tongue papillae, on the other hand, showed some differentiation being smoother in growing fishes than adult ones. Consistent with development differentiation, the palatine region of young fishes appeared separated from the palate by deep palatine fissure, while that the same palatine region was continuous with the palate with a remnant of palatine fissure as shallow groove was noticed in grown big fishes. Taste buds were characterized in the oral cavity of small and large fishes however in large fishes; the taste buds were more prominent especially at the palate and palatine folds. These and other morphological features of the oral cavity and the feeding habits in small and large gilthead sea bream fishes were recorded. Microsc. Res. Tech. 79:227–236, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Particle Filters for Laser Manufacturing
Authors: Jakschik Stefan , Meißner Stefan , Blei Steffen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe manufacturing industry is characterised by a multitude of processes. From joining and separation technologies by means of laser, soldering and gluing, surface processing such as drilling, sintering and milling, and the utilisation of fluxes or production processes such as rapid prototyping — there is a wide range of various technologies. All these procedures have one thing in common: They generate harmful particles of any size, form and composition. These particles have an undesirable effect as they have impact on humans, machines and products because of their chemical and physical characteristics. They can cause diseases, affect machine functionalities and pollute products, thus can be responsible for malfunctions and production failures.
Flavonoid metabolite 3‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid formed by human microflora decreases arterial blood pressure in rats
Authors: Najmanová Iveta , Pourová Jana , Vopršalová Marie , Pilařová Veronika , Semecký Vladimír , Nováková Lucie , Mladěnka Přemysl 
Published: January 2016

ScopeA number of studies have suggested that higher flavonoid intake is associated with lower cardiovascular mortality. The direct vasodilatory potential of flavonoids is one proposed mechanism for this link. However, the bioavailability of flavonoid aglycones is low. The metabolites of flavonoids could therefore explain/contribute to the effect.Methods and resultsWe tested a series of quercetin metabolites formed by both human enzymes and colon microflora. In vitro, a number of these metabolites resulted in vasodilation of isolated rat aortic rings, precontracted with norepinephrine. However, 3‐(3‐hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid (3HPPA) was clearly the most potent with an effect of about one order better than quercetin or its close methylderivatives isorhamnetin and tamarixetin. In contrast, quercetin‐3‐O‐glucuronide was void of any effect. The vasodilatory activity of 3HPPA was confirmed by in vivo experiments on both normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats. Subsequent experiments showed that the arterial blood pressure decrease found after 3HPPA was associated with the peripheral action of the compound on vascular beds and was NO‐based.ConclusionThis is the first study showing that a metabolite of flavonoids formed by human microflora has haemodynamic effects.
Anti‐flavivirus Activity of Different Tritylated Pyrimidine and Purine Nucleoside Analogues
Authors: McGuigan Christopher , Serpi Michaela , Slusarczyk Magdalena , Ferrari Valentina , Pertusati Fabrizio , Meneghesso Silvia , Derudas Marco , Farleigh Laura , Zanetta Paola , Bugert Joachim 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA series of tritylated and dimethoxytritylated analogues of selected pyrimidine and purine nucleosides were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against two important members of the genus Flavivirus in the Flaviviridae family, the yellow fever (YFV) and dengue viruses (DENV). Among all compounds tested, the 5′‐O‐tritylated and the 5′‐O‐dimethoxytritylated 5‐fluorouridine derivatives exerted potency against YFV. Interestingly in the series of purine analogues, the 5′O, N‐bis‐tritylated fludarabine derivative revealed strong inhibitory activity against DENV at μm concentrations, however significantly weaker potency against YFV.
Excavatolide B inhibits nonsmall cell lung cancer proliferation by altering peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma expression and PTEN/AKT/NF‐Kβ expression
Authors: Velmurugan Bharath Kumar , Yang Hsueh‐Hui , Sung Ping‐Jyun , Weng Ching‐Feng 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTMarine organisms are proven to be rich source of secondary metabolites that can be used to treat various diseases. Excavatolide B (Exc.B), the most abundant metabolite was found in the marine coral Briareum excavatum exhibits cytotoxic effects against lung cancer cell. Treatment of the A549 cells with Exc.B significantly reduced its cell viability and induced cell cycle arrest at subG1 phase in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, respectively. Apoptosis induction by Exc.B was further confirmed by decreased pro‐caspase 3 expressions and increased proteolytic cleavage of poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) expression. Furthermore, Exc.B increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and also decreased the antioxidant enzymes such as, Catalase, GPx, SOD, GST, and GSH. The proteomic analysis data revealed that total thirty six proteins were altered by Exc.B. STRING database showed that most of the altered proteins have no interaction between each other. Based on these data, KSR1, RuVBL2, PPAR‐γ, and Tenascin X proteins were chosen to validate the 2DE data by Western blotting. Additional experiments demonstrated that Exc.B induced PTEN expression and inhibited pAKT and NF‐kB expression. These results provide a novel insight into mechanisms underlying the inhibition of A549 cells growth by excavatolide B. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 290–301, 2017.
Body Mass Index and Stump Morphology Predict an Increased Incidence of Pancreatic Fistula After Pancreaticoduodenectomy
Authors: Fang Chi‐hua , Chen Qing‐shan , Yang Jian , Xiang Fei , Fang Zhao‐shan , Zhu Wen 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundA majority of factors associated with the occurrence of clinical relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR‐POPF) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) can only be identified intra‐ or postoperatively. There are no reports for assessing the morphological features of pancreatic stump and analyzing its influence on CR‐POPF risk after PD preoperatively.MethodA total of 90 patients underwent PD between April 2012 and May 2014 in our hospital were included. Preoperative computed tomographic (CT) images were imported into the Medical Image Three‐Dimensional Visualization System (MI‐3DVS) for acquiring the morphological features of pancreatic stump. The demographics, laboratory test and morphological features of pancreatic stump were recorded prospectively. The clinical course was evaluated focusing on the occurrence of pancreatic fistula as defined by the International Study Group on Pancreatic Fistula (ISGPF). Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors of CR‐POPF.ResultsCR‐POPF occurred in 18 patients (14 grade B, 4 grade C). In univariate analysis, male gender (P = 0.026), body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25.3 kg/m2 (P = 0.002), main pancreas duct diameter (MPDD) < 3.1 mm (P = 0.005), remnant pancreatic parenchymal volume (RPPV) > 27.8 mL (P < 0.001), and area of cut surface (AOCS) > 222.3 mm2 (P < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of CR‐POPF. In multivariate analysis, BMI ≥ 25.3 kg/m2 (OR 12.238, 95 % CI 1.822–82.215, P = 0.010) and RPPV > 27.8 mL (OR 12.907, 95 % CI 1.602–104.004, P = 0.016) were the only independent risk factors associated with CR‐POPF. A cut‐off value of 27.8 mL for RPPV established based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, which was the strongest single predictive factor for CR‐POPF, with a sensitivity and specificity of 77.8 and 86.1 %, respectively. The area under the ROC curve of RPPV was 0.770 (95 % CI 0.629–0.911, P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur study demonstrated that CR‐POPF is correlated with BMI and RRPV. MI‐3DVS provides us a novel and convenient method for measuring the RPPV. Preoperative acquisition of RPPV and BMI may help the surgeons in fitting postoperative management to patient’s individual risk after PD.
Optimization of growth medium for Sporosarcina pasteurii in bio-based cement pastes to mitigate delay in hydration kinetics
Authors: Williams Sarah L , Kirisits Mary Jo , Ferron Raissa Douglas 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation has been identified as a novel method to improve durability and remediate cracks in concrete. One way to introduce microorganisms to concrete is by replacing the mixing water with a bacterial culture in nutrient medium. In the literature, yeast extract often has been used as a carbon source for this application; however, severe retardation of hydration kinetics has been observed when yeast extract is added to cement. This study investigates the suitability of alternative carbon sources to replace yeast extract for microbial-induced calcium carbonate precipitation in cement-based materials. A combination of meat extract and sodium acetate was identified as a suitable replacement in growth medium for Sporosarcina pasteurii; this alternative growth medium reduced retardation by 75 % (as compared to yeast extract) without compromising bacterial growth, urea hydrolysis, cell zeta potential, and ability to promote calcium carbonate formation.
Mouse Strain Impacts Fatty Acid Uptake and Trafficking in Liver, Heart, and Brain: A Comparison of C57BL/6 and Swiss Webster Mice
Authors: Seeger D. R. , Murphy E. J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractC57BL/6 and Swiss Webster mice are used to study lipid metabolism, although differences in fatty acid uptake between these strains have not been reported. Using a steady state kinetic model, [1‐14C]16:0, [1‐14C]20:4n‐6, or [1‐14C]22:6n‐3 was infused into awake, adult male mice and uptake into liver, heart, and brain determined. The integrated area of [1‐14C]20:4n‐6 in plasma was significantly increased in C57BL/6 mice, but [1‐14C]16:0 and [1‐14C]22:6n‐3 were not different between groups. In heart, uptake of [1‐14C]20:4n‐6 was increased 1.7‐fold in C57BL/6 mice. However, trafficking of [1‐14C]22:6n‐3 into the organic fraction of heart was significantly decreased 33 % in C57BL/6 mice. Although there were limited differences in fatty acid tracer trafficking in liver or brain, [1‐14C]16:0 incorporation into liver neutral lipids was decreased 18 % in C57BL/6 mice. In heart, the amount of [1‐14C]16:0 and [1‐14C]22:6n‐3 incorporated into total phospholipids were decreased 45 and 49 %, respectively, in C57BL/6 mice. This was accounted for by a 53 and 37 % decrease in [1‐14C]16:0 and 44 and 52 % decrease in [1‐14C]22:6n‐3 entering ethanolamine glycerophospholipids and choline glycerophospholipids, respectively. In contrast, there was a significant increase in [1‐14C]20:4n‐6 esterification into all heart phospholipids of C57BL/6 mice. Although changes in uptake were limited to heart, several significant differences were found in fatty acid trafficking into heart, liver, and brain phospholipids. In summary, our data demonstrates differences in tissue fatty acid uptake and trafficking between mouse strains is an important consideration when carrying out fatty acid metabolic studies.
An online intervention using information on the mental health-mental illness continuum to reduce stigma
Authors: Schomerus G. , Angermeyer M.C. , Baumeister S.E. , Stolzenburg S. , Link B.G. , Phelan J.C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractBackgroundA core component of stigma is being set apart as a distinct, dichotomously different kind of person. We examine whether information on a continuum from mental health to mental illness reduces stigma.MethodOnline survey experiment in a quota sample matching the German population for age, gender and region (n = 1679). Participants randomly received information on either (1) a continuum, (2) a strict dichotomy of mental health and mental illness, or (3) no information. We elicited continuity beliefs and stigma toward a person with schizophrenia or depression.ResultsThe continuum intervention decreased perceived difference by 0.19 standard deviations (SD, P < 0.001) and increased social acceptance by 0.18 SD (P = 0.003) compared to the no-text condition. These effects were partially mediated by continuity beliefs (proportion mediated, 25% and 26%), which increased by 0.19 SD (P < 0.001). The dichotomy intervention, in turn, decreased continuity beliefs and increased notions of difference, but did not affect social acceptance.ConclusionAttitudes towards a person with mental illness can be improved by providing information on a mental health-mental illness continuum.
Mitochondrial DNA differentiates Alzheimer's disease from Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease
Authors: Podlesniy Petar , Llorens Franc , Golanska Ewa , Sikorska Beata , Liberski Pawel , Zerr Inga , Trullas Ramon 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIntroductionLow content of cell‐free mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a biomarker of early stage Alzheimer's disease (AD), but whether mtDNA is altered in a rapid neurodegenerative dementia such as Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease is unknown.MethodsCSF mtDNA was measured using digital polymerase chain reaction (dPCR) in two independent cohorts comprising a total of 112 patients diagnosed with sporadic Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (sCJD), probable AD, or non‐Alzheimer's type dementia.ResultsPatients with AD exhibit low mtDNA content in CSF compared with patients diagnosed with sCJD or with non‐Alzheimer's type dementias. The CSF concentration of mtDNA does not correlate with Aβ, t‐tau, p‐tau, and 14‐3‐3 protein levels in CSF.DiscussionLow‐CSF mtDNA is not a consequence of brain damage and allows the differential diagnosis of AD from sCJD and other dementias. These results support the hypothesis that mtDNA in CSF is a pathophysiological biomarker of AD.