bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Overwintering biology and limits of cold tolerance in larvae of pistachio twig borer,Kermania pistaciella
Authors: Mollaei M. , Izadi H. , Šimek P. , Koštál V. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPistachio twig borer,Kermania pistaciellais an important pest of pistachio trees. It has an univoltine life-cycle and its larvae tunnel and feed inside pistachio twigs for almost 10 months each year. The last larval instars overwinter inside the twigs. Survival/mortality associated with low temperatures during overwintering stage is currently unknown. We found that overwintering larvae of the Rafsanjan (Iran) population ofK. pistaciellarely on maintaining a stably high supercooling capacity throughout the cold season. Their supercooling points (SCPs) ranged between −19.4 and −22.7°C from October to February. Larvae were able to survive 24 h exposures to −15°C anytime during the cold season. During December and January, larvae were undergoing quiescence type of dormancy caused probably by low ambient temperatures and/or changes in host tree physiology (tree dormancy). Larvae attain highest cold tolerance (high survival at −20°C) during dormancy, which offers them sufficient protection against geographically and ecologically relevant cold spells. High cold tolerance during dormancy was not associated with accumulation of any low-molecular mass cryoprotective substances. The SCP sets the limit of cold tolerance in pistachio twig borer, meaning that high mortality of overwintering populations can be expected only in the regions or years where or when the temperatures fall below the average larval SCP (i.e., below −20°C). Partial mortality can be expected also when temperatures repeatedly drop close to the SCP on a diurnal basis.
High energy electron radiography scheme with high spatial and temporal resolution in three dimension based on a e-LINAC
Authors: Zhao Y. , Zhang Z. , Gai W. , Du Y. , Cao S. , Qiu J. , Zhao Q. , Cheng R. , Zhou X. , Ren J. , Huang W. , Tang C. , Xu H. , Zhan W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe present a scheme of electron beam radiography to dynamically diagnose the high energy density (HED) matter in three orthogonal directions simultaneously based on electron Linear Accelerator. The dynamic target information such as, its profile and density could be obtained through imaging the scattered electron beam passing through the target. Using an electron bunch train with flexible time structure, a very high temporal evolution could be achieved. In this proposed scheme, it is possible to obtain 1010 frames/second in one experimental event, and the temporal resolution can go up to 1 ps, spatial resolution to 1 µm. Successful demonstration of this concept will have a major impact for both future inertial confinement fusion science and HED physics research.
A monoidal algebraic model for rational SO(2)-spectra
Authors: BARNES DAVID 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe category of rational SO(2)–equivariant spectra admits an algebraic model. That is, there is an abelian category ${\mathcal A}$(SO(2)) whose derived category is equivalent to the homotopy category of rational SO(2)–equivariant spectra. An important question is: does this algebraic model capture the smash product of spectra?The category ${\mathcal A}$(SO(2)) is known as Greenlees' standard model, it is an abelian category that has no projective objects and is constructed from modules over a non–Noetherian ring. As a consequence, the standard techniques for constructing a monoidal model structure cannot be applied. In this paper a monoidal model structure on ${\mathcal A}$(SO(2)) is constructed and the derived tensor product on the homotopy category is shown to be compatible with the smash product of spectra. The method used is related to techniques developed by the author in earlier joint work with Roitzheim. That work constructed a monoidal model structure on Franke's exotic model for the K(p)–local stable homotopy category.A monoidal Quillen equivalence to a simpler monoidal model category R•-mod that has explicit generating sets is also given. Having monoidal model structures on ${\mathcal A}$(SO(2)) and R•-mod removes a serious obstruction to constructing a series of monoidal Quillen equivalences between the algebraic model and rational SO(2)–equivariant spectra.
Climate change and agricultural productivity in Brazil: future perspectives
Authors: Assunção Juliano , Chein Flávia 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact of climate change on agricultural productivity. Cross-sectional variation in climate among Brazilian municipalities is used to estimate an equation in which geographical attributes determine agricultural productivity. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predictions based on atmosphere–ocean, coupled with general circulation models (for 2030–2049), are used to simulate the impacts of climate change. Our estimates suggest that global warming under the current technological standards is expected to decrease the agricultural output per hectare in Brazil by 18 per cent, with the effects on municipalities ranging from−40 to+15 per cent.
Splicing misregulation of SCN5A contributes to cardiac-conduction delay and heart arrhythmia in myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Freyermuth Fernande , Rau Frédérique , Kokunai Yosuke , Linke Thomas , Sellier Chantal , Nakamori Masayuki , Kino Yoshihiro , Arandel Ludovic , Jollet Arnaud , Thibault Christelle , Philipps Muriel , Vicaire Serge , Jost Bernard , Udd Bjarne , Day John W. , Duboc Denis , Wahbi Karim , Matsumura Tsuyoshi , Fujimura Harutoshi , Mochizuki Hideki , Deryckere François , Kimura Takashi , Nukina Nobuyuki , Ishiura Shoichi , Lacroix Vincent , Campan-Fournier Amandine , Navratil Vincent , Chautard Emilie , Auboeuf Didier , Horie Minoru , Imoto Keiji , Lee Kuang-Yung , Swanson Maurice S. , de Munain Adolfo Lopez , Inada Shin , Itoh Hideki , Nakazawa Kazuo , Ashihara Takashi , Wang Eric , Zimmer Thomas , Furling Denis , Takahashi Masanori P. , Charlet-Berguerand Nicolas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy (DM) is caused by the expression of mutant RNAs containing expanded CUG repeats that sequester muscleblind-like (MBNL) proteins, leading to alternative splicing changes. Cardiac alterations, characterized by conduction delays and arrhythmia, are the second most common cause of death in DM. Using RNA sequencing, here we identify novel splicing alterations in DM heart samples, including a switch from adult exon 6B towards fetal exon 6A in the cardiac sodium channel, SCN5A. We find that MBNL1 regulates alternative splicing of SCN5A mRNA and that the splicing variant of SCN5A produced in DM presents a reduced excitability compared with the control adult isoform. Importantly, reproducing splicing alteration of Scn5a in mice is sufficient to promote heart arrhythmia and cardiac-conduction delay, two predominant features of myotonic dystrophy. In conclusion, misregulation of the alternative splicing of SCN5A may contribute to a subset of the cardiac dysfunctions observed in myotonic dystrophy.
The Ku-binding motif is a conserved module for recruitment and stimulation of non-homologous end-joining proteins
Authors: Grundy Gabrielle J. , Rulten Stuart L. , Arribas-Bosacoma Raquel , Davidson Kathryn , Kozik Zuzanna , Oliver Antony W. , Pearl Laurence H. , Caldecott Keith W. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe Ku-binding motif (KBM) is a short peptide module first identified in APLF that we now show is also present in Werner syndrome protein (WRN) and in Modulator of retrovirus infection homologue (MRI). We also identify a related but functionally distinct motif in XLF, WRN, MRI and PAXX, which we denote the XLF-like motif. We show that WRN possesses two KBMs; one at the N terminus next to the exonuclease domain and one at the C terminus next to an XLF-like motif. We reveal that the WRN C-terminal KBM and XLF-like motif function cooperatively to bind Ku complexes and that the N-terminal KBM mediates Ku-dependent stimulation of WRN exonuclease activity. We also show that WRN accelerates DSB repair by a mechanism requiring both KBMs, demonstrating the importance of WRN interaction with Ku. These data define a conserved family of KBMs that function as molecular tethers to recruit and/or stimulate enzymes during NHEJ.
PDE6δ-mediated sorting of INPP5E into the cilium is determined by cargo-carrier affinity
Authors: Fansa Eyad Kalawy , Kösling Stefanie Kristine , Zent Eldar , Wittinghofer Alfred , Ismail Shehab 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe phosphodiesterase 6 delta subunit (PDE6δ) shuttles several farnesylated cargos between membranes. The cargo sorting mechanism between cilia and other compartments is not understood. Here we show using the inositol polyphosphate 5′-phosphatase E (INPP5E) and the GTP-binding protein (Rheb) that cargo sorting depends on the affinity towards PDE6δ and the specificity of cargo release. High-affinity cargo is exclusively released by the ciliary transport regulator Arl3, while low-affinity cargo is released by Arl3 and its non-ciliary homologue Arl2. Structures of PDE6δ/cargo complexes reveal the molecular basis of the sorting signal which depends on the residues at the −1 and −3 positions relative to farnesylated cysteine. Structure-guided mutation allows the generation of a low-affinity INPP5E mutant which loses exclusive ciliary localization. We postulate that the affinity to PDE6δ and the release by Arl2/3 in addition to a retention signal are the determinants for cargo sorting and enrichment at its destination.
Early cranial ultrasound findings among infants with neonatal encephalopathy in Uganda: an observational study
Authors: Tann Cally J. , Nakakeeto Margaret , Hagmann Cornelia , Webb Emily L. , Nyombi Natasha , Namiiro Flaviah , Harvey-Jones Kelly , Muhumuza Anita , Burgoine Kathy , Elliott Alison M. , Kurinczuk Jennifer J. , Robertson Nicola J. , Cowan Frances M. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract

Background:
In sub-Saharan Africa, the timing and nature of brain injury and their relation to mortality in neonatal encephalopathy (NE) are unknown. We evaluated cranial ultrasound (cUS) scans from term Ugandan infants with and without NE for evidence of brain injury.

Methods:
Infants were recruited from a national referral hospital in Kampala. Cases (184) had NE and controls (100) were systematically selected unaffected term infants. All had cUS scans <36 h reported blind to NE status.

Results:
Scans were performed at median age 11.5 (interquartile range (IQR): 5.2–20.2) and 8.4 (IQR: 3.6–13.5) hours, in cases and controls respectively. None had established antepartum injury. Major evolving injury was reported in 21.2% of the cases vs. 1.0% controls (P < 0.001). White matter injury was not significantly associated with bacteremia in encephalopathic infants (odds ratios (OR): 3.06 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.98–9.60). Major cUS abnormality significantly increased the risk of neonatal death (case fatality 53.9% with brain injury vs. 25.9% without; OR: 3.34 (95% CI: 1.61–6.95)).

Conclusion:
In this low-resource setting, there was no evidence of established antepartum insult, but a high proportion of encephalopathic infants had evidence of major recent and evolving brain injury on early cUS imaging, suggesting prolonged or severe acute exposure to hypoxia–ischemia (HI). Early abnormalities were a significant predictor of death.
X-ray laser diffraction for structure determination of the rhodopsin-arrestin complex
Authors: Zhou X. Edward , Gao Xiang , Barty Anton , Kang Yanyong , He Yuanzheng , Liu Wei , Ishchenko Andrii , White Thomas A. , Yefanov Oleksandr , Han Gye Won , Xu Qingping , de Waal Parker W. , Suino-Powell Kelly M. , Boutet Sébastien , Williams Garth J. , Wang Meitian , Li Dianfan , Caffrey Martin , Chapman Henry N. , Spence John C.H. , Fromme Petra , Weierstall Uwe , Stevens Raymond C. , Cherezov Vadim , Melcher Karsten , Xu H. Eric 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSerial femtosecond X-ray crystallography (SFX) using an X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) is a recent advancement in structural biology for solving crystal structures of challenging membrane proteins, including G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), which often only produce microcrystals. An XFEL delivers highly intense X-ray pulses of femtosecond duration short enough to enable the collection of single diffraction images before significant radiation damage to crystals sets in. Here we report the deposition of the XFEL data and provide further details on crystallization, XFEL data collection and analysis, structure determination, and the validation of the structural model. The rhodopsin-arrestin crystal structure solved with SFX represents the first near-atomic resolution structure of a GPCR-arrestin complex, provides structural insights into understanding of arrestin-mediated GPCR signaling, and demonstrates the great potential of this SFX-XFEL technology for accelerating crystal structure determination of challenging proteins and protein complexes.
Multimodal Image Analysis in Alzheimer’s Disease via Statistical Modelling of Non-local Intensity Correlations
Authors: Lorenzi Marco , Simpson Ivor J. , Mendelson Alex F. , Vos Sjoerd B. , Cardoso M. Jorge , Modat Marc , Schott Jonathan M. , Ourselin Sebastien 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe joint analysis of brain atrophy measured with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hypometabolism measured with positron emission tomography with fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG-PET) is of primary importance in developing models of pathological changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Most of the current multimodal analyses in AD assume a local (spatially overlapping) relationship between MR and FDG-PET intensities. However, it is well known that atrophy and hypometabolism are prominent in different anatomical areas. The aim of this work is to describe the relationship between atrophy and hypometabolism by means of a data-driven statistical model of non-overlapping intensity correlations. For this purpose, FDG-PET and MRI signals are jointly analyzed through a computationally tractable formulation of partial least squares regression (PLSR). The PLSR model is estimated and validated on a large clinical cohort of 1049 individuals from the ADNI dataset. Results show that the proposed non-local analysis outperforms classical local approaches in terms of predictive accuracy while providing a plausible description of disease dynamics: early AD is characterised by non-overlapping temporal atrophy and temporo-parietal hypometabolism, while the later disease stages show overlapping brain atrophy and hypometabolism spread in temporal, parietal and cortical areas.
FOXC2 regulates the G2/M transition of stem cell-rich breast cancer cells and sensitizes them to PLK1 inhibition
Authors: Pietilä Mika , Vijay Geraldine V. , Soundararajan Rama , Yu Xian , Symmans William F. , Sphyris Nathalie , Mani Sendurai A. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCancer cells with stem cell properties (CSCs) underpin the chemotherapy resistance and high therapeutic failure of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). Even though CSCs are known to proliferate more slowly, they are sensitive to inhibitors of G2/M kinases such as polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1). Understanding the cell cycle regulatory mechanisms of CSCs will help target these cells more efficiently. Herein, we identify a novel role for the transcription factor FOXC2, which is mostly expressed in CSCs, in the regulation of cell cycle of CSC-enriched breast cancer cells. We demonstrate that FOXC2 expression is regulated in a cell cycle-dependent manner, with FOXC2 protein levels accumulating in G2 and rapidly decreasing during mitosis. Knockdown of FOXC2 in CSC-enriched TNBC cells delays mitotic entry without significantly affecting the overall proliferation rate of these cells. Moreover, PLK1 activity is important for FOXC2 protein stability, since PLK1 inhibition reduces FOXC2 protein levels. Indeed, FOXC2 expressing CSC-enriched TNBC cells are sensitive to PLK1 inhibition. Collectively, our findings demonstrate a novel role for FOXC2 as a regulator of the G2/M transition and elucidate the reason for the observed sensitivity of CSC-enriched breast cancer cells to PLK1 inhibitor.
Dissociating the neural correlates of tactile temporal order and simultaneity judgements
Authors: Miyazaki Makoto , Kadota Hiroshi , Matsuzaki Kozue S. , Takeuchi Shigeki , Sekiguchi Hirofumi , Aoyama Takuo , Kochiyama Takanori 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPerceiving temporal relationships between sensory events is a key process for recognising dynamic environments. Temporal order judgement (TOJ) and simultaneity judgement (SJ) are used for probing this perceptual process. TOJ and SJ exhibit identical psychometric parameters. However, there is accumulating psychophysical evidence that distinguishes TOJ from SJ. Some studies have proposed that the perceptual processes for SJ (e.g., detecting successive/simultaneity) are also included in TOJ, whereas TOJ requires more processes (e.g., determination of the temporal order). Other studies have proposed two independent processes for TOJ and SJ. To identify differences in the neural activity associated with TOJ versus SJ, we performed functional magnetic resonance imaging of participants during TOJ and SJ with identical tactile stimuli. TOJ-specific activity was observed in multiple regions (e.g., left ventral and bilateral dorsal premotor cortices and left posterior parietal cortex) that overlap the general temporal prediction network for perception and motor systems. SJ-specific activation was observed only in the posterior insular cortex. Our results suggest that TOJ requires more processes than SJ and that both TOJ and SJ implement specific process components. The neural differences between TOJ and SJ thus combine features described in previous psychophysical hypotheses that proposed different mechanisms.
Heteroaromatic organic compound with conjugated multi-carbonyl as cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries
Authors: Lv Meixiang , Zhang Fen , Wu Yiwen , Chen Mujuan , Yao Chunfeng , Nan Junmin , Shu Dong , Zeng Ronghua , Zeng Heping , Chou Shu-Lei 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe heteroaromatic organic compound, N,N’-diphenyl-1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetra- carboxylic diimide (DP-NTCDI-250) as the cathode material of lithium batteries is prepared through a simple one-pot N-acylation reaction of 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetra-carboxylic dianhydride (NTCDA) with phenylamine (PA) in DMF solution followed by heat treatment in 250 °C. The as prepared sample is characterized by the combination of elemental analysis, NMR, FT-IR, TGA, XRD, SEM and TEM. The electrochemical measurements show that DP-NTCDI-250 can deliver an initial discharge capacity of 170 mAh g−1 at the current density of 25 mA g−1. The capacity of 119 mAh g−1 can be retained after 100 cycles. Even at the high current density of 500 mA g−1, its capacity still reaches 105 mAh g−1, indicating its high rate capability. Therefore, the as-prepared DP-NTCDI-250 could be a promising candidate as low cost cathode materials for lithium batteries.
Mitochondria-targeted esculetin alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction by AMPK-mediated nitric oxide and SIRT3 regulation in endothelial cells: potential implications in atherosclerosis
Authors: Karnewar Santosh , Vasamsetti Sathish Babu , Gopoju Raja , Kanugula Anantha Koteswararao , Ganji Sai Krishna , Prabhakar Sripadi , Rangaraj Nandini , Tupperwar Nitin , Kumar Jerald Mahesh , Kotamraju Srigiridhar 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMitochondria-targeted compounds are emerging as a new class of drugs that can potentially alter the pathophysiology of those diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role. We have synthesized a novel mitochondria-targeted esculetin (Mito-Esc) with an aim to investigate its effect during oxidative stress-induced endothelial cell death and angiotensin (Ang)-II-induced atherosclerosis in ApoE−/− mice. Mito-Esc but not natural esculetin treatment significantly inhibited H2O2- and Ang-II-induced cell death in human aortic endothelial cells by enhancing NO production via AMPK-mediated eNOS phosphorylation. While L-NAME (NOS inhibitor) significantly abrogated Mito-Esc-mediated protective effects, Compound c (inhibitor of AMPK) significantly decreased Mito-Esc-mediated increase in NO production. Notably, Mito-Esc promoted mitochondrial biogenesis by enhancing SIRT3 expression through AMPK activation; and restored H2O2-induced inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. siSIRT3 treatment not only completely reversed Mito-Esc-mediated mitochondrial biogenetic marker expressions but also caused endothelial cell death. Furthermore, Mito-Esc administration to ApoE−/− mice greatly alleviated Ang-II-induced atheromatous plaque formation, monocyte infiltration and serum pro-inflammatory cytokines levels. We conclude that Mito-Esc is preferentially taken up by the mitochondria and preserves endothelial cell survival during oxidative stress by modulating NO generation via AMPK. Also, Mito-Esc-induced SIRT3 plays a pivotal role in mediating mitochondrial biogenesis and perhaps contributes to its anti-atherogenic effects.
C7 genotype of the donor may predict early bacterial infection after liver transplantation
Authors: Zhong Lin , Li Hao , Li Zhiqiang , Shi Baojie , Wang PuSen , Wang ChunGuang , Fan Junwei , Sun Hongcheng , Wang Peiwen , Qin Xuebin , Peng Zhihai 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPost-transplantation infection causes high mortality and remains a significant challenge. High clinical risk factors for bacterial infection in recipients are often found in critically ill patients. However, for some recipients, bacterial infections are inevitable. It is conceivable that this susceptibility may be related to the genetics of the donor and recipient. Using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, we found that the C7 rs6876739 CC genotypes and mannan-binding lectin (MBL2) gene polymorphisms of liver donors were significantly associated with bacterial infection in recipients. In an extended validation group of 113 patients, donor C7 rs6876739 genetic variation was an independent risk factor for bacterial infection. The donor C7 rs6876739 CC genotype was associated with lower levels of recipient C7 protein, soluble membrane attack complex (MAC) and IL-1β expression compared with the donor C7 rs6876739 TT genotype.In vitro, the MAC significantly triggered NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release, suggesting that the mechanism by which C7 defends against bacteria may involve MAC formation, leading to NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release. Our findings may be helpful in identifying transplantation recipients at risk of bacterial infection prior to surgery and may contribute to novel infection prevention strategies and the improvement of postoperative outcomes.