bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporal changes in glycaemic thresholds for treatment intensification in type 2 diabetes in an urban Australian setting: the Fremantle Diabetes Study
Authors: Davis Timothy M. E. , Chubb Stephen A. P. , Curtis Bradley H. , Barraclough Helen , Davis Wendy A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackgroundPharmacotherapy and supportive care for diabetes in Australia are improving, with potential beneficial effects on therapeutic procrastination.AimTo determine whether glycaemic thresholds for therapeutic intensification in type 2 diabetes changed over the 15 years between phases of the community‐based Fremantle Diabetes Study (FDS).MethodsWe studied 531 Phase 1 participants (mean age 62.4 years, 54.2% males, median diabetes duration 3.0 years) with valid data from baseline assessment and five subsequent annual reviews between 1993 and 2001 and 930 Phase 2 participants (mean age 65.3 years, 53.8% males, median diabetes duration 8.0 years) with valid data from baseline and two subsequent biennial reviews between 2008 and 2015. The main outcome measure was HbA1c at assessments before and after change in blood glucose‐lowering therapy (average 6 months in Phase 1, 12 months in Phase 2).ResultsNinety‐seven participants in Phase 1 and 84 in Phase 2 progressed from diet‐based management to oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA) and 45 and 85 participants, respectively, progressed from diet/OHA to insulin. The median HbA1c was 7.5% (58 mmol/mol) and 6.9% (52 mmol/mol) before OHA initiation in Phases 1 and 2, respectively, and 9.1% (76 mmol/mol) and 7.8% (62 mmol/mol), respectively, before insulin initiation. There were median HbA1c falls of 0.3% (3 mmol/mol) and 1.5% (16 mmol/mol) after OHA and insulin initiation in Phase 1, but no statistically significant changes in Phase 2.ConclusionsHbA1c thresholds triggering treatment intensification fell between FDS phases, suggesting a more proactive approach to management of glycaemia over time.
On individual‐specific prediction of hidden inbreeding depression load
Authors: Casellas J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryInbreeding depression is caused by increased homozygosity in the genome and merges two genetic mechanisms, a higher impact from recessive mutations and the waste of overdominance contributions. It is of major concern for the conservation of endangered populations of plants and animals, as major abnormalities are more frequent in inbred families than in outcrosses. Nevertheless, we lack appropriate analytical methods to estimate the hidden inbreeding depression load (IDL) in the genome of each individual. Here, a new mixed linear model approach has been developed to account for the inbreeding depression‐related background of each individual in the pedigree. Within this context, inbred descendants contributed relevant information to predict the IDL contained in the genome of a given ancestor; moreover, known relationships spread these predictions to the remaining individuals in the pedigree, even if not contributing inbred offspring. Results obtained from the analysis of weaning weight in theMARETrabbit population demonstrated that the genetic background of inbreeding depression distributed heterogeneously across individuals and inherited generation by generation. Moreover, this approach was clearly preferred in terms of model fit and complexity when compared with classical approaches to inbreeding depression. This methodology must be viewed as a new tool for a better understanding of inbreeding in domestic and wild populations.
Enzooty of non‐Hodgkin's malignant lymphoma of Papio hamadryas in Sukhumi monkey colony. Clinical and morphological signs of pre‐lymphoma
Authors: Yakovleva Lelita A. , Lapin Boris A. , Agumava Aslan A. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInoculation of hamadryas baboons with blood of leukemia ill people‐induced malignant non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma in experimental animals for a very considerable latency period. At close contact of inoculated baboons with healthy non‐inoculated animals, the lymphoma spread between them. The epidemiological analysis, postmortem examination, histological analysis, tissue culturing, and PCR were used for the diagnostics of lymphoma and pre‐lymphoma, purification, identification of STLV‐1, and HVP viruses. Characteristic clinical and morphological signs designated by us as pre‐lymphoma often precede the lymphoma development. In some cases, pre‐lymphoma does not develop in lymphoma because animals die from various diseases and do not reach the point of the lymphoma development. The horizontal transmission of lymphoma arising with the participation of T‐lymphotropic retrovirus STLV‐1 is shown.
The science behind skin care: Cleansers
Authors: Draelos Zoe Diana 
Published: December 2017

SummaryTwo of the most important skin care categories with profound dermatologic implications are cleansers and moisturizers. Cleansers are composed of alkaline soaps or the less barrier‐damaging synthetic detergents, known as syndets. The lower skin irritation and dryness found with syndets are related to their reduced tendency to cause protein denaturation due to the charge density of protein‐bound micelle‐like surfactant aggregates. Many cleansing formulations are available for purchase to meet hygiene needs varying by sex, age, ethnicity, occupation, environment, personal preferences, and the presence or absence of skin disease. This discussion covers the science of skin cleansing.
An Erwinia amylovora yjeK mutant exhibits reduced virulence, increased chemical sensitivity and numerous environmentally dependent proteomic alterations
Authors: Klee Sara M. , Mostafa Islam , Chen Sixue , Dufresne Craig , Lehman brian L. , Sinn Judith P. , Peter Kari A. , McNellis Timothy W. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe Gram‐negative bacterium Erwinia amylovora causes fire blight, an economically important disease of apples and pears. Elongation factor P (EF‐P) is a highly conserved protein that stimulates the formation of the first peptide bond of certain proteins and facilitates the translation of certain proteins, including those with polyproline motifs. YjeK and YjeA are two enzymes involved in the essential post‐translational β‐lysylation of EF‐P at a conserved lysine residue, K34. EF‐P, YjeA and YjeK have been shown to be essential for the full virulence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella species and Agrobacterium tumefaciens, with efp, yjeA and yjeK mutants having highly similar phenotypes. Here, we identified an E. amylovora yjeK::Tn5 transposon mutant with decreased virulence in apple fruit and trees. The yjeK::Tn5 mutant also showed pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduced growth in rich medium, lower extracellular polysaccharide production, reduced swimming motility and increased chemical sensitivity compared with the wild‐type, whilst maintaining wild‐type level growth in minimal medium. All yjeK::Tn5 mutant phenotypes were complemented in trans with a plasmid bearing a wild‐type copy of yjeK. Comprehensive, quantitative proteomics analyses revealed numerous, environmentally dependent changes in the prevalence of a wide range of proteins, in higher abundance and lower abundance, in yjeK::Tn5 compared with the wild‐type, and many of these alterations could be linked to yjeK::Tn5 mutant phenotypes. The environmental dependence of the yjeK::Tn5 mutant proteomic alterations suggests that YjeK could be required for aspects of the environmentally dependent regulation of protein translation. YjeK activity may be critical to overcoming stress, including the challenging host environment faced by invading pathogenic bacteria.
Histatins, wound healing, and cell migration
Authors: Torres P , Castro M , Reyes M , Torres VA 
Published: December 2017

Wounds in the oral mucosa heal faster and more efficiently than those in the skin, although the mechanisms underlying these differences are not completely clear. In the last 10 years, a group of salivary peptides, the histatins, has gained attention on behalf of their ability to improve several phases of the wound‐healing process. In addition to their roles as anti‐microbial agents and in enamel maintenance, histatins elicit other biological effects, namely by promoting the migration of different cell types contained in the oral mucosa and in non‐oral tissues. Histatins, and specifically histatin‐1, promote cell adhesion and migration in oral keratinocytes, gingival and dermal fibroblasts, non‐oral epithelial cells, and endothelial cells. This is particularly relevant, as histatin‐1 promotes the re‐epithelialization phase and the angiogenic responses by increasing epithelial and endothelial cell migration. Although the molecular mechanisms associated with histatin‐dependent cell migration remain poorly understood, recent studies have pointed to the control of signaling endosomes and the balance of small GTPases. This review aimed to update the literature on the effects of histatins in cell migration, with a focus on wound healing. We will also discuss the consequences that this increasing field will have in disease and therapy design.
Lichen planus pigmentosus inversus in children: Case report and updated review of the literature
Authors: Nurmohamed Sabrina , Hardin Jori , Haber Richard M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractLichen planus pigmentosus inversus (LPPI) is a rare variant of lichen planus characterized by slate grey to dark black‐brown macules, papules, or patches occurring in the skin folds. We present a case of LPPI in an 11‐year‐old girl, the second‐youngest case and only the third pediatric case. This article also reviews the differential diagnosis and treatment of LPPI.
Reduced salivary flow rate and high levels of oxidative stress in whole saliva of children with Down syndrome
Authors: Domingues Natália Bertolo , Mariusso Matheus Racy , Tanaka Marcia Hiromi , Scarel‐Caminaga Raquel Mantuaneli , Mayer Marcia Pinto Alves , Brighenti Fernanda Lourenção , Zuanon Ângela Cristina Cilense , Ibuki Flávia Kazue , Nogueira Fernando Neves , Giro Elisa Maria Aparecida 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAimTo investigate salivary parameters between children with Down Syndrome (DS) and without DS.Materials and MethodsStimulated whole saliva was collected from 18 children with DS and 23 without DS. Salivary flow rate, pH, and salivary buffering capacity were determined. Cariogenic microorganisms were quantified by culture, and periodontopathogens by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. The antioxidant profile was quantified spectrophotometrically, while malondialdehyde (MDA) was quantified by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Data were analyzed by Mann‐Whitney test and Spearman correlation (α = 0.05).ResultsSalivary flow rate was significantly lower in DS than in controls (p < 0.0001). Significant higher difference was observed for total protein dosage (p < 0.0001), superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) (p = 0.0002), and MDA (p < 0.001) in DS group.ConclusionsReduced salivary flow rate might be an important factor in oral diseases development. High salivary levels of SOD and MDA show the significant influence of the oxidative stress and the early‐onset periodontal disease in DS people.
6600 years of earthquake record in the Julian Alps (Lake Bohinj, Slovenia)
Authors: Rapuc William , Sabatier Pierre , Andrič Maja , Crouzet Christian , Arnaud Fabien , Chapron Emmanuel , Šmuc Andrej , Develle Anne‐Lise , Wilhelm Bruno , Demory François , Reyss Jean‐Louis , Régnier Edouard , Daut Gerhard , Von Grafenstein Ulrich 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSequences of lake sediments often form long and continuous records that may be sensitive recorders of seismic shaking. A multi‐proxy analysis of Lake Bohinj sediments associated with a well‐constrained chronology was conducted to reconstruct Holocene seismic activity in the Julian Alps (Slovenia). A seismic reflection survey and sedimentological analyses identified 29 homogenite‐type deposits related to mass‐wasting deposits. The most recent homogenites can be linked to historical regional earthquakes (i.e. 1348 ad, 1511 adand 1690 ad) with strong epicentral intensity [greater than ‘damaging’ (VIII) on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale]. The correlation between the historical earthquake data set and the homogenites identified in a core isolated from local stream inputs, allows interpretation of all similar deposits as earthquake related. This work extends the earthquake chronicle of the last 6600 years in this area with a total of 29 events recorded. The early Holocene sedimentary record is disturbed by a seismic event (6617 ± 94 cal yr bp) that reworked previously deposited sediment and led to a thick sediment deposit identified in the seismic survey. The period between 3500 cal yr bpand 2000 cal yr bpis characterized by a major destabilization in the watershed by human activities that led to increases in erosion and sedimentation rates. This change increased the lake's sensitivity to recording an earthquake (earthquake‐sensitivity threshold index) with the occurrence of 72 turbidite‐type deposits over this period. The high turbidite frequency identified could be the consequence of this change in lake earthquake sensitivity and thus these turbidites could be triggered by earthquake shaking, as other origins are discarded. This study illustrates why it is not acceptable to propose a return period for seismic activity recorded in lake sediment if the sedimentation rate varies significantly.
Molecular phylogeny of bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) based on 18 molecular markers
Authors: PISTONE DARIO , GOHLI JOSTEIN , JORDAL BJARTE H. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe phylogeny of the large weevil subfamily Scolytinae has been difficult to resolve based on a limited number of genetic markers. With more than 6000 nominal species in the subfamily, the general lack of resolution at deeper nodes indicates that large sequence volumes are needed to solve this problem. We have therefore assembled a large molecular dataset consisting of more than 10 kb of nucleotides from 18 gene fragments, for 182 species. Nucleotide and amino acid translated data were analysed using Bayesian and parsimony‐based approaches, which gave largely congruent results. Compared with previous analyses, we obtained greater resolution for some of the deeper nodes, and detected many unexpected relationships that were strongly supported by our data. The tribe Scolytini was recovered as the earliest divergent lineage in Scolytinae, sometimes placed together with the hexacoline genus Microborus. Among the 26 currently recognized tribes, 15 were monophyletic, whereas the remaining tribes were largely paraphyletic. The majority of species in the tribe Hypoborini were recovered as the sister lineage to a large group containing the species‐rich tribe Dryocoetini, which includes the recently radiated ambrosia beetles in Xyleborini, and Ipini, which includes another recent group of ambrosia beetles in Premnobiina. Cryphalini, Hylesinini and Hylurgini were strikingly polyphyletic tribes, each consisting of several independent lineages. Subgroups were to a large degree defined by geographical affinities, showing a clear distinction between the northern and southern hemispheres. The affiliation of the inbreeding genus Hypothenemus was revealed with strong support as the sister group to the Malagasy and East African species of the genus Cosmoderes. Cryptocarenus was previously assumed to be the sister lineage of Hypothenemus, but was here found to be part of Corthylini, near Araptus. These and many other findings document the need for a thorough revision of the current classification of genera and tribes, including a systematic re‐evaluation of morphological characters.
A novel peer feedback programme of family‐centred rounds
Authors: Bhansali Priti , Goldman Ellen 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundFamily‐centred rounds (FCRs) are becoming standard practice in in‐patient paediatrics. Few faculty development programmes to train doctors in how to lead FCRs have been described in the literature, yet recent studies of peer feedback of in‐patient rounds in internal medicine suggest benefits to teaching practices. Peer feedback may be useful as a faculty development method for FCRs. The study objective was to describe the experience of paediatric hospitalists participating in a peer feedback programme based on direct observation of FCRs.MethodsThis was a qualitative study of 13 paediatric hospitalists at an academic centre, who participated in individual semi‐structured interviews about their experience with the programme of peer feedback of FCRs. Interviews were transcribed and the data were analysed by coding statements of interest. Like content was categorised into over‐arching themes.ResultsThe resultant themes included: (1) comfort is key for participation; (2) initial trepidation fades; (3) seniority has an effect; and (4) peer feedback of FCRs has value. Several specific elements of feedback were provided to improve teaching behaviours.Recent studies of peer feedback of in‐patient rounds in internal medicine suggest benefits to teaching practicesDiscussionThis faculty development programme of peer feedback based on direct observation of FCRs was endorsed by participants at our institution. Our findings serve to inform other programmes interested in peer feedback or in faculty development opportunities for FCRs.
Management of chronic myeloid leukemia in the setting of pregnancy: when is leukocytapheresis appropriate? A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Staley Elizabeth M. , Simmons Sierra C. , Feldman Alexander Z. , Lorenz Robin G. , Marques Marisa B. , Williams Lance A. , Zheng X. Long , Pham Huy P. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDChronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a common hematologic malignancy; however, its occurrence during pregnancy is unusual due to its low prevalence in females of childbearing age. There are conflicting reports of how to best manage CML in pregnancy, particularly in the setting of leukocytosis.HemapheresisA 30‐year‐old female was diagnosed with CML at 18 weeks' estimated gestational age. On initial presentation she reported fatigue, night sweats, and early satiety, and was found to have a white blood cell (WBC) count of 69.3 × 109/L and platelet count of 366 × 109/L. Her disease was managed during pregnancy using interferon‐α alone despite persistent leukocytosis.CONCLUSIONCML may be effectively managed during pregnancy, even in the setting of leukocytosis, without the application of leukocytapheresis. Management relies not only upon the coordination of drug therapy and fetal monitoring, but requires close communication between multiple medical disciplines. Leukocytapheresis has been safely performed during pregnancy and may be a suitable adjunct management strategy in pregnant patients diagnosed with CML with specific clinical presentations, such as hyperleukocytosis (WBC count > 150 × 109/L) and/or symptomatic leukostasis.
The effects of subconjunctival bupivacaine, lidocaine, and mepivacaine on corneal sensitivity in healthy horses
Authors: Jinks Maggie R. , Fontenot Robin L. , Wills Robert W. , Betbeze Caroline M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the efficacy and duration of effect of three local anesthetics on corneal sensitivity when administered subconjunctivally in horses.Animals studiedEight healthy adult horses.ProcedureA randomized, masked, crossover study design was used, with a two‐week washout period between trials. The subconjunctival space of the randomly selected eye was injected with 0.2 mLs of bupivacaine (0.5%), lidocaine (2%), mepivacaine (2%), or saline. All horses received each medication once. The contralateral eye served as a control. The corneal touch threshold (CTT) was measured in both eyes with a Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometer prior to sedation with xylazine, after sedation, and at 10‐min intervals after subconjunctival injection until corneal sensitivity returned to baseline. The total time of decreased CTT and the maximum decrease in CTT were compared for each medication using a general linear mixed model (P < 0.05).ResultsTotal time of decreased CTT was 105.0 min for bupivacaine, 103.8 min for lidocaine, 138.8 min for mepivacaine, and 7.5 min for saline. All local anesthetics decreased CTT longer than saline (P < 0.001) and mepivacaine decreased CTT longer than lidocaine (P = 0.04). The mean minimum CTT was 1.67 cm for bupivacaine, 1.42 cm for lidocaine, and 0.73 cm for mepivacaine, which were all significantly less (P < 0.001) than saline (4.73 cm). No evidence of corneal toxicity was noted with any treatment.ConclusionSubconjunctival injections of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and mepivacaine effectively and safely reduce corneal sensitivity in eyes of healthy horses for 1.5–2 h, and may be useful for providing perioperative analgesia for equine corneal procedures.
Costos logísticos y metodologías para el costeo en cadenas de suministro: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Orjuela-Castro Javier Arturo , Suárez-Camelo Norberto , Chinchilla-Ospina Yamit Israel 
Published: December 2017

<p>Este artículo presenta una revisión de la literatura sobre las metodologías para el costeo en las cadenas de suministro (CS), con énfasis en costos logísticos. A partir de esbozar una perspectiva de análisis, evalúa las diferentes metodologías para medir el desempeño de la CS y la logística. Así mismo, establece en qué eslabón se aplica, si a toda la CS o a la empresa. Luego de determinar una taxonomía, expone de manera detallada los costos y procesos aplicados por los diferentes autores, también examina las<br />diferencias fundamentales entre las metodologías. Se encuentra<br />la necesidad de desarrollar una metodología propia para determinar los costos de la logística de medios y modos en la CS.</p>
Valor de uso de un activo o unidad generadora de efectivo bajo incertidumbre: el flujo de efectivo esperado mediante metodología borrosa
Authors: Castiblanco-Ruiz Fabián Alberto 
Published: December 2017

<p>En el estudio en prospectiva de las organizaciones se hace necesaria la consideración y tratamiento de la incertidumbre y subjetividad propia de los fenómenos económicos y financieros. En el presente artículo se busca<br />establecer los procedimientos y aportes del uso de una metodología basada en la teoría de los subconjuntos borrosos que permite, en particular, el tratamiento de un tipo de incertidumbre específica en la estimación del valor de uso de un activo o unidad generado de efectivo.<br />Para tal fin, se acude al uso de tres elementos fundamentales: el establecimiento de una tipología sobre la existencia de incertidumbre, las herramientas propias de los subconjuntos borrosos y los lineamientos dados por la Norma Internacional de Contabilidad 36. Se establecen las posibles relaciones entre los conceptos abordados y se destacan los<br />aportes y ventajas de esta relación.</p>
Los pactos de socios en el derecho colombiano
Authors: Camargo Agudelo Magda Liliana 
Published: December 2017

<p>Este artículo busca analizar el régimen de los pactos parasocietarios contenido en el artículo 70 de la Ley 222 de 1995 y en el artículo 24 de la Ley 1258 de 2008, con el objetivo de determinar su alcance y de esta forma, comprender de forma general la regulación de estos pactos en el Derecho comercial colombiano y la manera como estas normas se relacionan con las reglas generales en materia de obligaciones, contratos y sociedades, de tal modo que se busca sostener la posibilidad de celebrar pactos de socios en todos los tipos societarios y no solamente en la sociedad anónima y por acciones simplificada. También se busca identificar los principales aspectos objeto de debate para lo cual el trabajo se basa no solamente en un análisis normativo, sino también doctrinal, jurisprudencial e incluye la referencia a las interpretaciones que ha realizado la Superintendencia de Sociedades tanto en conceptos como en decisiones judiciales relacionadas con pactos societarios. </p>