bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Aphidius gifuensis on the feeding behavior and potato virus Y transmission ability of Myzus persicae
Authors: He Ying‐Qin , Zhang Yong‐Qiang , Chen Juan‐Ni , Chen Wen‐Long , Zeng Xian‐Yi , Chen Hai‐Tao , Ding Wei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe stylet penetration behavior of aphids when feeding on plants is associated with virus acquisition and inoculation. Aphidius gifuensis (Ashmead) is a primary endoparasitoid of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) which is the most efficient vector of plant viruses. Information about the effects of parasitoid on aphid and virus transmission can provide an essential foundation for designing effective biological control strategies. This study aimed to investigate the effects of A. gifuensis on the feeding behavior and potato virus Y (PVY) transmission ability of M. persicae. The results showed that after M. persicae was parasitized by A. gifuensis, the duration of the first probe significantly decreased. Additionally, A. gifuensis exerted remarkable effects on aphid feeding in phloem ingestion. The contribution of the E1 waveform to the phloem phase was significantly higher in all parasitized aphids than in the control group. Although the time of infestation increased for parasitized aphids, the total duration of phloem sap ingestion decreased. Interestingly, the percentage of time M. persicae spent in the xylem and phloem phases only changed significantly on day 5. The percent transmission of PVY by the aphids parasitized on day 5 was lower than that in the control, but no significant differences were detected. The significance of this work is the demonstration that A. gifuensis can impede the feeding behavior of M. persicae, which sheds light on the biological basis of A. gifuensis as a natural enemy, but unfortunately does not provide an immediate solution for disrupting the transmission of PVY.
TC‐325 versus the conventional combined technique for endoscopic treatment of peptic ulcers with high‐risk bleeding stigmata: A randomized pilot study
Authors: Kwek Boon Eu Andrew , Ang Tiing Leong , Ong Peng Lan Jeannie , Tan Yi Lyn Jessica , Ang Shih Wen Daphne , Law Ngai Moh , Thurairajah Prem Harichander , Fock Kwong Ming 
Published: May 2017

OBJECTIVEPreliminary studies on a new topical hemostatic agent, TC‐325, have shown its safety and effectiveness in treating active upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. However, to date there have been no randomized trials comparing TC‐325 with the conventional combined technique (CCT). Our pilot study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of TC‐325 with those of CCT in treating peptic ulcers with active bleeding or high‐risk stigmata.METHODSThis was a comparative randomized study of patients with upper GI bleeding who had Forrest class I, IIA or IIB ulcers.RESULTSAltogether 20 patients with a mean age of 70 years (range 23–87 years) were recruited, including 16 men, with a mean hemoglobin of 97 g/L. Initial hemostasis was successful in 19 (95.0%) patients, including 90.0% (9/10) in the TC‐325 group and 100% (10/10) in the CCT group. TC‐325 monotherapy failed to stop bleeding in a patient with Forrest IB posterior duodenal wall ulcer. Rebleeding was seen in 33.3% (3/9) of the patients in the TC‐325 group and 10.0% (1/10) in the CCT group. One patient required angio‐embolization therapy while three had successful conventional endotherapy. Two patients from the TC‐325 group had serious adverse events that were not procedure‐ or therapy‐related. In patients with Forrest IIA or IIB ulcers, five received TC‐325 monotherapy; none had rebleeding.CONCLUSIONSOur pilot study showed that TC‐325 has a tendency towards a higher rebleeding rate than CCT, when treating actively bleeding ulcers. Larger trials are necessary for definitive results.
‘I swim like a frog that has lost the use of its hind legs’: The Pursuit of Health and Leisure in Buxton, 1781‐90
Authors: Collinge Peter 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAs the eighteenth century progressed, the number of spa resorts proliferated; so too did an elaborate range of leisure options associated with them. Such was the extent of these offerings that the therapeutic qualities of the waters have a tendency to be overlooked in assessments of spa culture as the century drew to a close. Using Hester Newdigate's correspondence and Jane Macartney's accounts relating to Buxton, Derbyshire, this article examines the extent to which the reputation and perceived benefits of a resort's waters determined the choice of destination and the significance of hydropathic regimens during visitors' repeat visits.
Auditors’ Response to Assessments of High Control Risk: Further Insights
Authors: Seidel Timothy A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAuditing standards prescribe a risk‐based approach where auditors assess the risk of material misstatement and then design and perform audit procedures to reduce audit risk to an appropriately low level. Prior research suggests that auditors are responsive to high control‐risk assessment (CRA), but that this response is, perhaps, only partially effective at reducing audit risk, with relatively little insight into where and why this occurs. By refining analyses to more detailed levels of the audit, I extend this research by providing further insight into auditors’ response to high CRA. I examine and find that audit fees are significantly higher for high CRA in revenue relative to high CRA in other accounts, suggesting that auditor effort in response to high CRA is more pronounced in audit areas of particular interest and concern to investors and regulators. Despite this, I find evidence suggesting that revenue is the only audit area examined where auditor effort in response to high CRA does not attenuate the likelihood of misstatement. Finally, because auditors face time constraints, I examine whether increased effort in response to high CRA in certain audit areas diverts auditors’ attention from other areas with lower risk, thus contributing to the overall association between misstatements and internal control deficiencies documented in prior research. I find a greater likelihood of misstatement in non‐core operating accounts with lower CRA as audit effort increases in response to high CRA in revenue, consistent with the explanation that high CRA in revenue may divert auditors’ attention from other areas of the audit with lower CRA.
Ultrasound‐guidance outperforms the palpation technique for peripheral venous catheterisation in anaesthetised toddlers: a randomised study
Authors: Gopalasingam N. , Obad D. S. , Kristensen B. S. , Lundgaard P. , Veien M. , Gjedsted J. , Sloth E. , Juhl‐Olsen P. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundTraditional palpation technique for peripheral venous catheter (PVC) placement can be challenging. We aimed to compare the Dynamic Needle Tip Positioning (DNTP) ultrasound technique with the palpation technique for PVC placement in anaesthetised toddlers undergoing elective, low‐risk procedures.MethodsThe study was a randomised, controlled, crossover study. Five operators applied both techniques for PVC on 50 children < 4 years. The primary endpoint was first attempt success rate. The secondary endpoints were: (1) overall success rate, (2) number of skin perforations, (3) number of needle redirections, (4) number of catheters used, (5) total time, (6) needle manipulation time, (7) distance to the nearest flexion crease, (8) anatomical region of catheterisation, (9) size of the catheters and (10) the effects of visibility, and palpability of the veins.ResultsThe first attempt success rate and the overall success rate were significantly higher in the DNTP group (42/50 vs. 30/50, P = 0.029), (50/50 vs. 42/50, P = 0.008). Furthermore, a lower number of skin perforations (60 vs. 84, P = 0.013) and needle redirections (14 vs. 131, P < 0.001) and increased distance to the nearest flexion crease (P < 0.001) were seen in the DNTP group. There were no significant differences in number of catheters used (60 vs. 75 P = 0.050) or total time (P = 0.073), however, the needle manipulation time was longer in the DNTP group (P = 0.011). The success rate decreased with less visible and palpable veins in the palpation group (p = 0.006).ConclusionUltrasound‐guidance outperforms the traditional palpation technique for peripheral venous catheterisation in anaesthetised toddlers undergoing elective, low‐risk procedures.
Rocuronium vs. succinylcholine for rapid sequence intubation: a Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Tran D. T. T. , Newton E. K. , Mount V. A. H. , Lee J. S. , Mansour C. , Wells G. A. , Perry J. J. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThis systemic review was performed to determine whether rocuronium creates intubating conditions comparable to those of succinylcholine during rapid sequence intubation of the trachea. We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2015, Issue 2), MEDLINE (1966 to February Week 2 2015), and EMBASE (1988 to February 14 2015) for any randomised controlled trials or controlled clinical trials that reported intubating conditions comparing rocuronium and succinylcholine for rapid or modified rapid sequence intubation. The dose of rocuronium was at least 0.6 mg.kg−1 and succinylcholine was at least 1 mg.kg−1. Sixty‐six studies were identified and 50 included, representing 4151 participants. Overall, succinylcholine was superior to rocuronium for achieving excellent intubating conditions (risk ratio (95%CI) 0.86 (0.81 to 0.92), n = 4151) and clinically acceptable intubation conditions (risk ratio (95%CI) 0.97 (0.95–0.99), n = 3992). A high incidence of detection bias amongst the trials coupled with significant heterogeneity means that the quality of evidence was moderate for these conclusions. Succinylcholine was more likely to produce excellent intubating conditions when using thiopental as the induction agent: risk ratio (95%CI) 0.81 (0.73–0.88), n = 2302) with or without the use of opioids (risk ratio (95%CI) 0.85 (0.78–0.93), n = 2292 or 0.85 (0.76–0.95), n = 1428).
Effect of grape pomace on fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage
Authors: Li Ping , Shen Yixin , You Minghong , Zhang Yu , Yan Jiajun , Li Daxue , Bai Shiqie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of grape pomace (GP) with different adding levels (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%, fresh matter basis), alone (GP‐LAB) or in combine with an inoculant LAB (GP+LAB), on the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage. After 90 days of ensiling in vacuumized mini‐silos, silages were subject to a 7‐day aerobic stability test, in which chemical, microbial and polyphenol composition were measured. In the GP‐LAB group, adding GP decreased (P < 0.05) concentrations of water‐soluble carbohydrate (WSC) and butyric acid in silage. In the GP+LAB group, adding GP increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of lactic acid, WSC and crude protein, decreased (P < 0.05) final pH value, NH3‐N ratio and butyric acid concentration in silage. Polyphenol level was reduced (P < 0.05) after silage fermentation. During aerobic exposure, the fungi count, pH value and silage temperature increased (P < 0.05), the levels of lactic acid, acetic acid and polyphenols (quercetin 3‐O‐glucoside and quercetin 3‐O‐glucuronid) decreased (P < 0.05) in silage. GP+LAB treated silage had a lag phase for aerobic spoilage. When the fermentation products, microbial counts, chemical and polyphenol composition were considered, the use of 10% GP+LAB at ensiling could provide a valuable source for improved fermentation quality and aerobic stability of sweet sorghum silage.
Telomere length is an independent prognostic marker in MDS but not in de novo AML
Authors: Williams Jenna , Heppel Nicole H. , Britt‐Compton Bethan , Grimstead Julia W. , Jones Rhiannon E. , Tauro Sudhir , Bowen David T. , Knapper Steven , Groves Michael , Hills Robert K. , Pepper Chris , Baird Duncan M. , Fegan Chris 
Published: May 2017

SummaryTelomere dysfunction is implicated in the generation of large‐scale genomic rearrangements that drive progression to malignancy. In this study we used high‐resolution single telomere length analysis (STELA) to examine the potential role of telomere dysfunction in 80 myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and 95 de novo acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) patients. Despite the MDS cohort being older, they had significantly longer telomeres than the AML cohort (P < 0·0001) where telomere length was also significantly shorter in younger AML patients (age <60 years) (P = 0·02) and in FLT3 internal tandem duplication‐mutated AML patients (P = 0·03). Using a previously determined telomere length threshold for telomere dysfunction (3·81 kb) did not provide prognostic resolution in AML [Hazard ratio (HR) = 0·68, P = 0·2]. In contrast, the same length threshold was highly prognostic for overall survival in the MDS cohort (HR = 5·0, P < 0·0001). Furthermore, this telomere length threshold was an independent parameter in multivariate analysis when adjusted for age, gender, cytogenetic risk group, number of cytopenias and International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) score (HR = 2·27, P < 0·0001). Therefore, telomere length should be assessed in a larger prospective study to confirm its prognostic role in MDS with a view to integrating this variable into a revised IPSS.
Prognostic models for primary mediastinal (thymic) B‐cell lymphoma derived from 18‐FDG PET/CT quantitative parameters in the International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) 26 study
Authors: Ceriani Luca , Martelli Maurizio , Conconi Annarita , Zinzani Pier L. , Ferreri Andrés J. M. , Botto Barbara , Stelitano Caterina , Gotti Manuel , Cabras Maria G. , Rigacci Luigi , Giovanella Luca , Zucca Emanuele , Johnson Peter W. M. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryThe International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group‐26 study evaluated the prognostic role of 18‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron‐emission tomography (PET) in primary mediastinal large B‐cell lymphoma. We assessed quantitative PET parameters at diagnosis and post‐treatment in 100 patients. The end‐of‐therapy total lesion glycolysis (TLG) was the best individual outcome predictor, but the combination of baseline TLG and end‐of‐therapy visual analysis with Deauville Score (DS) showed a better positive predictive value. A model in which baseline TLG is combined with interim DS might identify patients with shorter progression‐free survival. PET metrics combined with interim DS may allow early risk assessment and warrants further studies.
A randomized phase II study of standard‐dose versus high‐dose rituximab with BEAM in autologous stem cell transplantation for relapsed aggressive B‐cell non‐hodgkin lymphomas: long term results
Authors: Srour Samer A. , Li Shaoying , Popat Uday R. , Qazilbash Muzaffar H. , Lozano‐Cerrada Sara , Maadani Farzeneh , Alousi Amin , Kebriaei Partow , Anderlini Paolo , Nieto Yago , Jones Roy , Shpall Elizabeth , Champlin Richard E. , Hosing Chitra 
Published: May 2017

SummaryHigh‐dose rituximab (HD‐R) combined with carmustine, cytarabine, etoposide and melphalan (BEAM) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) was effective and tolerable in a single‐arm prospective study of relapsed aggressive B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (R‐NHL). We performed a randomized phase 2 study comparing HD‐R versus standard‐dose rituximab (SD‐R) in R‐NHL. Ninety‐three patients were randomized to HD‐R (1000 mg/m2) (n = 42) or SD‐R (375 mg/m2) (n = 51) administered on post‐transplant days +1 and +8, using a Bayesian adaptive algorithm. The 2 treatment arms were balanced in regards to patient demographic and clinical characteristics. At a median follow‐up of 7·92 years, the 5‐year disease‐free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were 40% and 48%, respectively. We found no statistically significant differences between HD‐R and SD‐R in 5‐year DFS (36% vs. 43%; P = 0·205) and OS (43% vs. 52%; P = 0·392). In multivariate analyses, only disease status before ASCT [residual disease versus complete remission (CR)] (hazard ratio [HR] 1·79, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1·08–2·95) and number of prior treatments received (>2 vs. ≤2 lines of treatment) (HR 1·89, 95% CI: 1·13–3·18) were associated with worse DFS and OS. Patients who had SCT while in CR or who received ≤2 lines of treatment prior to SCT had better 5‐year OS (57% vs. 35%; P = 0·02 and 54% vs. 30%, P = 0·001, respectively) in both arms. No differences in engraftments or adverse events were noted in the 2 arms. When combined with BEAM and ASCT in relapsed aggressive B‐cell NHL, HD‐R provided no DFS or OS advantage over SD‐R. In patients who have been exposed to rituximab in the frontline or salvage setting, the addition of rituximab in the peri‐transplant setting remains controversial.
The addition of etoposide to CHOP is associated with improved outcome in ALK+ adult anaplastic large cell lymphoma: A Nordic Lymphoma Group study
Authors: Cederleuf Henrik , Bjerregård Pedersen Martin , Jerkeman Mats , Relander Thomas , d'Amore Francesco , Ellin Fredrik 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAnaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCLs) are rare CD30+ peripheral T‐cell lymphomas (PTCLs) classified according to the expression of the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK+) protein or not (ALK−). We have analysed the outcome and risk factors for survival in a population‐based bi‐national cohort of patients with systemic ALK+ ALCL. A total of 122 adult (≥18 years) patients diagnosed with ALK+ ALCL between 2000 and 2010 were identified from the Danish and Swedish lymphoma registries, representing 0·4% of all lymphomas. The median age of the cohort was 40 years (range 18–85). The 5‐year overall survival and progression‐free survival (PFS) was 78% and 64%, respectively. Age was strongly associated with outcome, and only bone marrow (BM) involvement was independently associated with poorer PFS in multivariate analysis (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 8·57, P < 0·001). Age stratification of the patients demonstrated an association between treatment with CHOEP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, etoposide, prednisolone) and improved overall survival for patients aged 41–65 years, even when adjusted for risk factors (HR = 0·38, P = 0·047). Our results suggest that the addition of etoposide to CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone) in the treatment for ALK+ ALCL seems reasonable in this age group.
Serum IgM level as predictor of symptomatic hyperviscosity in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Gustine Joshua N. , Meid Kirsten , Dubeau Toni , Hunter Zachary R. , Xu Lian , Yang Guang , Ghobrial Irene M. , Treon Steven P. , Castillo Jorge J. 
Published: May 2017

SummarySymptomatic hyperviscosity is a common clinical manifestation in patients with Waldenström macroglobulinaemia (WM) and high serum IgM levels. Prompt intervention is required to prevent catastrophic events, such as retinal or central nervous system bleeding. Identifying patients at high risk of symptomatic hyperviscosity might support the decision to treat asymptomatic patients before irreversible damage occurs. We carried out a large retrospective study in 825 newly diagnosed WM patients, of who 113 (14%) developed symptomatic hyperviscosity. The median serum IgM level at the time of symptomatic hyperviscosity was 61·8 g/l (range 31–124 g/l). Forty‐four patients (36%) had symptomatic hyperviscosity at the time of WM diagnosis. A serum IgM level >60 g/l at diagnosis was associated with a median time to symptomatic hyperviscosity of 3 months, whereas the median time for patients with serum IgM level of 50·01–60 g/l was approximately 3 years. Adjusting for other clinical factors, the odds of developing symptomatic hyperviscosity were 370‐fold higher with serum IgM levels >60 g/l, and showed an association with CXCR4 mutational status. Symptomatic hyperviscosity did not impact overall survival (P = 0·12). The findings support the use of serum IgM level >60 g/l as a criterion for initiation of therapy in an otherwise asymptomatic WM patient.
Expression of Concern: Comparison of myo‐inositol and metformin on clinical, metabolic and genetic parameters in polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jamilian Mehri , Farhat Pegah , Foroozanfard Fatemeh , Afshar Ebrahimi Faraneh , Aghadavod Esmat , Bahmani Fereshteh , Badehnoosh Bita , Jamilian Hamidreza , Asemi Zatollah 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveTo our knowledge, data on comparison of myo‐inositol and metformin on clinical, metabolic and genetic parameters in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are limited. This study was carried out to compare myo‐inositol and metformin on clinical, metabolic and genetic parameters in subjects with PCOS.Design, patients and measurements:This randomized controlled trial was conducted among 60 subjects with PCOS aged 18‐40 years. Subjects were randomly allocated into two groups to receive either myo‐inositol (N=30) or metformin (N=30) for 12 weeks. Gene expression of inflammatory cytokines was assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of PCOS women by RT‐PCR.ResultsAfter the 12‐week intervention, compared with metformin, myo‐inositol intake significantly decreased serum total testosterone (−1.4±4.2 vs +0.7±1.4 nmol/L, P=.03), modified Ferriman‐Gallwey (mF‐G) scores (−1.1±0.7 vs −0.5±0.8, P=.01) and serum high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) levels (−2.6±3.9 vs +0.2±1.5 mg/L, P<.001). RT‐PCR demonstrated that compared with metformin, myo‐inositol downregulated gene expression of interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) (P=.02) in PBMCs of subjects with PCOS. We did not observe any significant effect of myo‐inositol intake compared with metformin on other hormonal profiles, plasma nitric oxide (NO) or gene expression of IL‐8 and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α).ConclusionsOverall, taking myo‐inositol, compared with metformin, for 12 weeks in patients with PCOS with hyperinsulinism and normoinsulinism had beneficial effects on total testosterone, mFG scores, serum hs‐CRP levels and gene expression of IL‐1, but did not affect other hormonal profiles, NO levels or gene expression of IL‐8 and TNF‐α.
Pseudoginsenoside‐F11 attenuates cerebral ischemic injury by alleviating autophagic/lysosomal defects
Authors: Liu Yue‐Yang , Zhang Tian‐Yu , Xue Xue , Liu Dong‐Mei , Zhang Hao‐Tian , Yuan Lin‐Lin , Liu Ying‐Lu , Yang Han‐Lin , Sun Shi‐Bo , Zhang Cheng , Xu He‐Song , Wu Chun‐Fu , Yang Jing‐Yu 
Published: May 2017

Summary
AimsPseudoginsenoside‐F11 (PF11), an ocotillol‐type ginsenoside, has been reported to exert wide‐ranging neuroprotective properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and potential mechanisms of PF11 on the autophagic/lysosomal pathway following ischemic stroke.MethodsMale Sprague‐Dawley rats underwent permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Cerebral ischemia outcome, TUNEL staining, Fluoro‐Jade B staining were carried out 24 hours poststroke. The autophagic/lysosomal‐related proteins were measured.ResultsA single administration of PF11 significantly decreased the infarct area, reduced the brain water content, and improved neurological functions, even 4 hours after the onset of pMCAO. Meanwhile, PF11 lessened the ischemic insult‐mediated loss of neurons and activation of astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, PF11 attenuated pMCAO‐induced accumulations of autophagosomes and apoptosis. We further observed a remarkable effect of PF11 in reversing the ischemic insult‐induced accumulation of autophagosomes (LC3‐II) and abnormal aggregation of autophagic proteins (SQSTM1 and ubiquitin). Furthermore, PF11 was capable of improving lysosomal function and lysosome/autophagosome fusion following pMCAO, and this change was reversed by the lysosomal inhibitor chloroquine. Also, the improvement of ischemic outcome and the antiapoptotic effect induced by PF11 was reversed by CQ.ConclusionThese findings indicate that the autophagic flux is impaired in a rat model of pMCAO, and that PF11 exerts an excellent protective effect against ischemic stroke by alleviating autophagic/lysosomal defects.