bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The possible significance of trisomy 8 in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Vaniawala Salil N. , Patel Monika V. , Chavda Pratik D. , Zaveri Shivangi H. , Gadhia Pankaj K. 
Published: May 2017

Background: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disorder that results from a block in the differentiation of haematopoietic progenitor cells along with uncontrolled proliferation. Trisomy 8 is the most common recurring numerical chromosomal aberrations in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). It occurs either as a sole anomaly or together with other additional chromosomal aberrations. The prognostic significance of trisomy 8 in presence of other additional chromosomal abnormality depends on clonal cytogenetic changes. The patients with trisomy 8 had shorter survival with significantly increased risk with other chromosomal abnormality.Methods: Total 139 patients were screened between January 2016 to November 2016 who were suspected of AML cases. Bone marrow cultures were set up using conventional cytogenetic methods. Chromosomal preparation was made and subjected to GTG banding technique. Banded metaphases were analysed and karyotyped for further analysis.Results: Cytogenetic evaluation of karyotyped of 139 suspected AML patients showed 52 with t(8;21)(q22;q22), 36 with t(15;17)(q22;q12), and 11 with inv(16)(p13;q22). The rest 40 cases found with additional chromosomal abnormalities, of which 16 were sole trisomy 8 and 24 cases were found with other chromosomal abnormalities In addition, only one person found with t(8;21) and trisomy 8, while three person having t(15;17) with trisomy 8.Conclusions: AML is considered to be one of the most important cytogenetic prognostic determinants. Recurrent chromosomal translocation with trisomy 8 varying 1.9% for t(8;21) and 8.3% for t(15;17). In the present study trisomy 8 in AML with known favourable anomalies is very small. Therefore, it cannot be taken as a prognostic marker.
Profile of accidental injuries and poisoning in children and analysis of the predisposing factors
Authors: M. S. Meenakshi , R. Senthilprabhu 
Published: May 2017

Background: Accidents continue to be the leading cause of death and disability between 1 year and 15year age group. Trauma lurks both developed and developing nations but in different guises. The aim is to determine the epidemiology, clinical profile and outcome of children with accidental injuries and poisoning and to analyse the factors predisposing to accidents in children.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study done at Institute of Social Pediatrics, Govt. Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India between September 2006 to August 2007.Results: Most common age group for occurrence of accident is less than 3 years n=68 (37.8%). Male children 108 (60%) outnumbered female children 72 (40%). Among the accidents falls accounted for 32.8% cases which were the commonest followed by Road Traffic Accident (RTA) 22.2%, poisoning 21.1%, Foreign body 7.8%, Burns 6.1%, Drowning 1.7 % in decreasing order of frequency. In and around Home n=114 (63.3%) was the commonest place of occurrence of accident followed by 26.7% in streets, 3.9% in schools and 3.3% in playground. Sunday contributes to more accidents (20%) than any other day. Accidents were common between 3PM to 6 PM (36.1%). Among RTA and fall, skeletal injuries accounted for 49.9% followed by head injury 27.4%, and soft tissue injuries 25.6%. Among burns, the most common site involved was limbs and deep burns were more common than superficial burns. 86.7% of cases recovered completely, 5% had permanent residual deformity and death in 1.1% of cases. The various social factors were analyzed as risk factors for accidents using multivariate logistic regression analysis and was found that nuclear family had ODD’s ratio of 2.232 (95% C.I 1.004 -4.961), age of the mother <25years with ODD’s ratio 1.252 (95% C.I 1.085-3.025) and socio-economic class III and IV together with ODD’s ratio 1.603 (95% C.I 1.064 - 3.379).Conclusions: Accidents and poisoning lead to significant morbidity in children in this study. Comprehensive prevention strategies need to be implemented to bring down the rate of accidents.
Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina with chronic presentation: a case report
Authors: Anant Monika , Das Bibekanand , Bhadra Avishek , Mukherji Joydev 
Published: May 2017

This is a case report of a 24-year patient who had uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina. Clinical manifestations of this case were of progressive dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain after menarche, cyclic difficulty in urination and constipation, with the existing paravaginal tumor indicated this rare anomaly. The diagnosis was by clinical examination and ultrasonography. The patient underwent successful transvaginal septoplasty and drainage of the hematocolpos and hematometra, which is the appropriate mode of treatment in such cases.
A case of albendazole and niclosamide resistant Taenia saginata infection
Authors: Mohanty Aroop , Singh T. Shantikumar , Bhutia Tshering Ongmu , Gupta Pratima , Gupta Priyanka 
Published: May 2017

Taenia saginata infection is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis which is endemic in countries where majority of people eat raw or inadequately cooked beef. The infection is rare in India except in Jammu Kashmir and Northeast states, India. Majority of taeniasis patients are asymptomatic, few may present with a variety of abdominal symptoms and rarely hepatobiliary complications. Diagnosis is made commonly by finding proglottids and or eggs in the faeces. Here we report a chronic and uncomplicated case of saginata taeniasis resistant to niclosamide and albendazole but responded to a single dosage of praziquantel 15 mg per Kg body weight.
Clinical profile and predictors of outcome in children admitted to PICU with acute encephalitis syndrome
Authors: Sambasivam Ekambaranath , Muthaiyan Jayakumar , Mohan Sreedivya , Ayyavoo Aravind Malayappan , Jayachandran Ganesh 
Published: May 2017

Background: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is defined as the acute onset of fever and change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma or inability to talk) and/or new onset seizures (excluding febrile seizures) in a person of any age at any time of the year. AES is reported mainly from Assam, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh contributing approximately to 80% cases with case fatality rate of 20-25%. In view of paucity of clinical studies from Tamil Nadu, this study was undertaken to have a better insight on the clinical profile and prognostic indicators of AES in children. Objective of present work was to study the clinical profile and predictors of outcome of Acute encephalitis syndrome patients admitted in PICUMethods: This retrospective study was conducted in children with AES admitted to PICU, Stanley medical college over a period of 1year (May 2015-May 2016). 30 cases were studied. Clinical features, demography, immunisation status, and outcome were recorded. Results of blood investigations, peripheral smear, neuroimaging, CSF analysis and IgM ELISA for HSV, JE, CMV, Dengue were recorded and analysed.Results: Mean age of cases was 3.5±3.3years. Male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Etiology included HSV (6.67%), malaria (3.33%), dengue (3.33%), tubercular meningitis (3.33%), AES of unknown origin (83.3%) 11, Most common presentation was seizures 21 (70%). 17 (56.6%)presented with GCS <8. 11 (36.6%) required inotrope support, 16 (53.4%) were ventilated. Laboratorial findings included, leukocytosis in 17 (66.7%), dysglycemia in 12 children (39.99%), hyponatremia in 10 (33.33%), hypernatremia in 8 (26.67%) Mortality was observed in 11 cases (36.67%). Hyponatremia (p=0.02) and cases requiring ionotrope support on admission (p=0.0003) were significantly associated with mortality.Conclusions: There was no case of Japanese encephalitis. Hyponatremia being significantly associated with mortality among children with AES, warrants detailed evaluation to define the etiology which will aid in appropriate management. Maintaining euvolemia, prompt identification of shock and appropriate use of inotropes is of utmost importance. Varied and changing etiologies of AES poses a diagnostic challenge.
A study of maternal factors influencing very low birth weight babies
Authors: Sachithanantha Mooorthi Mani Madhavan , Nadesan Balakrishnan , Ramalingam Ezhilarasu , Thirumalaikumarasamy Sivaraman 
Published: May 2017

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants present one of the greatest medical and ethical challenges to the medical field. Although they represent a small percentage of overall birth and NICU admissions, VLBW infants are often the most critically ill and at the highest risk for mortality and long-term morbidity of any NICU patients. The present study was conducted with aim to find out the maternal risk factors related to VLBW of newborn.Methods: This prospective case control study was conducted in Govt. R.S.R.M Lying in Hospital, which is affiliated to Stanley Medical College, during the period from January 2005- December 2005. The data related to maternal and new born variables were collected and evaluated by using Chi square test. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The incidence of VLBW newborns was found to be 2.08%. The most common cause of VLBW is preterm delivery (84%). Maternal factors like age, weight, parity, literacy, mid arm circumference, income, bad obstetric history of the mother and birth interval showed a significant association with the incidence of VLBW of the infants (P <0.05). Antenatal visits, maternal occupation and maternal disease had no significant (P >0.05) influence on the delivery of VLBW babies.Conclusions: In the present study, incidence of VLBW was associated with the maternal factors like age, parity, literacy, nutritional status, income, birth interval and previous history of bad obstetrics. Hence, the study concludes that pregnant women need to be careful of all these above factors so as to avoid VLBW babies.
The incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in term newborn babies weighing more than two kilograms
Authors: Thirumalaikumarasamy Sivaraman , Ramalingam Ezhilarasu , Sachithanantha Moorthi Mani Madhavan , Nadesan Balakrishnan 
Published: May 2017

Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common metabolic problem especially in cases like prematurity, sepsis and small gestational age. Episodes of asymptomatic hypoglycemia may occur due to many risk factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in term new born babies weighing more than 2 kg, to study the plasma sugar level at various time points during first 48 hours of life and to study the effect of maternal factors like parity, mode of delivery, glucose infusion during labour, and time since last feed on plasma sugar level.Methods: A hospital based longitudinal study was conducted over a period of one year from April 2005 to March 2006 in Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai. 400 babies born of consecutive deliveries were included in the study. Their plasma glucose levels were assessed in cord blood, 3 hr, 12 hr and 36 hr of life. Plasma glucose levels were analysed with regards to distribution, variables like parity, mode of delivery, dextrose infusion during labour and time since last feed. The plasma glucose levels were statistically analysed by paired student ‘t’ test, multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi- square test using SPSS (version 7.5) statistical package.Results: The overall incidence of hypoglycemia was seen in 20% of the neonate’s in which 29.7% in small gestational age (SGA) and 16.7% in appropriate gestational age (AGA) babies. A significant (p <0.01) association between hypoglycemia and birth weight was observed. The association between hypoglycemia with parity, mode of delivery, sex of the baby and glucose infusion received by the mother was studied, but no significant association was found. A significant difference in plasma glucose based on birth weight at 3rd hour, 12th hour and 36th hour was observed (p <0.05). None of the infants showed any clinical signs of hypoglycemia.Conclusions: The incidence of hypoglycemia was noted in 20% of the neonates. Low birth weight was considered as risk factor. A significant association was also observed between plasma glucose, mode of delivery and time since last fed.
Immediate outcome and risk factors determining the outcome of status epilepticus in children attending tertiary care centre
Authors: Thandavarayan Murali , Ramaswamy Sureshkumar , Bose Priyadarsini , Thirumalaikumarasamy Sivaraman 
Published: May 2017

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a paediatric and neurological medical emergency, continuous seizure lasting more than 30 min, or two or more seizures without full recovery of consciousness between any of them. Determination of immediate outcome of SE in children in a tertiary care hospital and to identify the risk factors influencing the outcome was the objectives of the present study.Methods: A study was conducted in Dept of Pediatrics, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital among the children from 1 month to12 years of age, who had admitted for SE in hospital’s pediatric causality from October 2009 to October 2010 were selected for the study.Results: Out of 92 patients, total 87 patients completed the study and out of those 74 have recovered and 13 have died. The risk factors significantly affecting the outcome were hypoxia at the time of arrival, decompensated shock, respiratory failure requiring intubation and acidosis.Conclusions: Proper prehospital therapy, early referral, proper care while transporting, anticipitating risk factors involved, and protocol based approach uniformly at all hospital can reduce the mortality due to status epilepticus in children.
Nutritional status and its correlates in under five children of labour population in urban slums of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Aggarwal Tarun , Srivastava Shitanshu 
Published: May 2017

Background: Malnutrition has a long-term effect on physical and cognitive development of a child. Addressing nutritional problems of urban poor living in slums is of paramount importance for overall development. Effective measures could be taken if we know their sociodemographic profile, burden of malnutrition and infant feeding practices.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted in under five children living in urban slums of Lucknow around Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital after taking consent from the parents and approval by institute’s ethical committee. The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of malnutrition and assess the feeding practices, immunization status and morbidities in under five children of labour population in urban slums of Lucknow.Results: 250 children aged 6 months to 5 years were analysed. 34.4%were underweight, 58.8% stunted and 17.6%. Wasted 17.6% infants were exclusively breast fed till 6 months 42.0% fed colostrum. 20.0% children received proper complementary feeding. Education status of mother was significantly associated with the prevalence of underweight children. (p <0.05) Late initiation of breastfeeding in 13.2% infants was significantly associated with underweight (p value <0.05, OR (95% CI=1.58 (0.60-2.72) and stunting OR (95% CI=0.62 (0.29-1.29). 55.6% children were fully immunized and 16% unimmunized. Presence of Morbidities like ARI, diarrhea, worm expulsion, pallor and vitamin A deficiency was high.Conclusions: Burden of malnutrition and poor feeding practices, poor vaccination coverage makes children in this slum susceptible to illnesses. Prompt measures should be taken to address it.
Self-perceived health related quality of life in adolescents with repaired cleft lip and palate
Authors: Ravikumar Aparajit , Balan Rajesh , Venkatramanan Padmasani 
Published: May 2017

Background: Cleft lip and palate is one of the most frequent birth defects and is associated co-morbidities such as facial abnormalities, difficulty in feeding, speech impairments and hearing difficulties. The psychological consequences of this anomaly are often not addressed effectively resulting in silent suffering for these individuals. The dissatisfaction with surgical outcome as well as the stigma and discrimination may affect the quality of life for both patients and their family. The study evaluates the self-perceived quality of life in children with repaired cleft lip/palate.Methods: Adolescents between the age of 11-18 years who were operated for cleft lip and palate in their early years were administered the WHO QOL-BREF questionnaire and their response were analysed in 4 domains, Physical health, Psychological, Social relationship and environmental.Results: Among the 46 children enrolled, 29 were boys and 17girls. The mean scores across each domain were as follows: Physical health-68.5, psychological-66, social relationship-88.5 and environmental-79.1. The psychological stressors frequently encountered were: teasing by their peer group, unattractive physical appearance and dissatisfaction with facial features post-surgery.Conclusions: Among the 4 domains, the mean value of domain 3 (Social relationship) was the highest-88.5 and the mean value of domain 2 (Psychosocial) is the lowest-66. Continued psychological counselling and support during the turbulent adolescent years will help these children face the challenge of integrating with the society.
A cross-sectional study of cardiac anomalies among children with orofacial cleft - role of echocardiography
Authors: Priyadharshini R. , James Saji , Rathinasamy Jebaraj , R. Mahalakshmi , Gopalakrishnan Gautham , Kharlukhi Jacquilyne 
Published: May 2017

Background: Orofacial cleft is one of the most common congenital facial abnormalities. Congenital heart disease (CHD) has been reported in up to 15% of the patients with orofacial clefts. Clinical cardiac examinations may sometime miss cardiac anomalies in children with orofacial clefts. The aim of our study is to find out CHD by echocardiography and to correlate this with clinical examination findings in children with orofacial clefts.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 510 patients with orofacial clefts aged 1 month to 18 years were enrolled. History and clinical examination were performed and data entered in a pre-validated proforma. The type of orofacial cleft and syndromic features was specifically noted. Echocardiography was performed for all patients by a paediatric cardiologist and the clinical cardiovascular findings were correlated with the echocardiogram.Results: The commonest deformity was cleft lip and palate (69%), followed by isolated cleft palate (20.4%), and isolated cleft lip (10.6%). In our study population, 87.5% were non-syndromic and 12.5% were syndromic; 21.9% had cardiac anomaly, of which in 7.8% no cardiac defect was detected during systemic cardiovascular examination but their echocardiogram showed cardiac abnormality. This was statistically significant (p<0.000). Atrial Septal Defect was the commonest anomaly in both the groups. Pierre Robin Syndrome was found to be the commonest syndrome.Conclusions: The high prevalence of CHD among children with orofacial clefts in this study justifies the need for screening echocardiography because many times cardiac anomalies might not be detected in routine systemic examination.
An exploratory study on knowledge and practice regarding family planning and immunization among women attending MCH clinic
Authors: Sharma Dibya , Kafle Ramchandra 
Published: May 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Globally, an estimated 300,000 maternal deaths occur annually owing to causes associated with pregnancy, of which nearly 75% were preventable. Each year, modern contraceptives help women prevent 215,000 pregnancy-related deaths (including 66,000 from unsafe abortions), 2.7 million infant deaths and the loss of 60 million years of healthy life. Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective health interventions available, saving millions of children from illness, disability and death each year. The burden of infectious diseases has been reduced primary due to immunization.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study regarding knowledge and practice of family planning and immunization was conducted in a Maternal and Child health (MCH) clinic of Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara. The sample consists of 100 married women of reproductive age group (15-49) years having under five children coming to the clinic using purposive sampling technique. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Knowledge regarding family planning methods were oral contraceptive pills/depot/implant (84%) followed by intrauterine contraceptive device (77%), condom (65%), natural methods (80%), permanent method (92%). Condom was most commonly used among temporary methods. More than 4/5<sup>th</sup> of the respondents were aware about vaccines as per schedule of Nepal. But 5% of the respondents had neither given any vaccine to their baby and nor taken any dose of tetanus toxoid vaccine during their previous pregnancy.</p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Still 14% of the respondents were not aware about any methods of family planning and 19% does not know about the vaccines as per schedule of Nepal. So there is a need to increase awareness about the different types of family planning methods and immunization.
A case of lipoma in lateral anterior neck: a common entity at an uncommon location
Authors: Rana Deepshikha , Raychaudhuri Sujata , Arora Sheetal 
Published: May 2017

<p>Lipoma is the most common benign mesenchymal tumor of adipose tissue. Their occurrence in head and neck is relatively rare. Lipomas in the neck region are rare tumors that usually present as slowly growing painless masses, found in the lateral portions of the neck. Here, we report a case of lipoma lying over the left lobe of thyroid above the sternal notch in a 41year old man. Swelling was gradually progressive in size since 2 years with no other complaints. Swelling was firm in consistency, mobile, non-tender and not moving with deglutition. It was clinically diagnosed as thyroid neoplasm/ cystic swelling and later on cytological and histopathological examination was performed which revealed benign lipoma. The purpose of this case report is to recognise rare lipomas that occur in unusual locations in the head and neck in order to identify them when they can cause diagnostic problems. </p>