bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Validation of Optimal Drain Management “The 3 × 3 Rule” after Liver Resection
Authors: Mitsuka Yusuke , Yamazaki Shintaro , Yoshida Nao , Masamichi Moriguchi , Higaki Tokio , Takayama Tadatoshi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe previously established an optimal postoperative drain management rule after liver resection (i.e., drain removal on postoperative day 3 if the drain fluid bilirubin concentration is <3 mg/dl) from the results of 514 drains of 316 consecutive patients. This test set predicts that 274 of 316 patients (87.0 %) will be safely managed without adverse events when drain management is performed without deviation from the rule.ObjectiveTo validate the feasibility of our rule in recent time period.MethodsThe data from 493 drains of 274 consecutive patients were prospectively collected. Drain fluid volumes, bilirubin levels, and bacteriological cultures were measured on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. The drains were removed according to the management rule. The achievement rate of the rule, postoperative adverse events, hospital stay, medical costs, and predictive value for reoperation according to the rule were validated.ResultsThe rule was achieved in 255 of 274 (93.1 %) patients. The drain removal time was significantly shorter [3 days (1–30) vs. 7 (2–105), p < 0.01], drain fluid infection was less frequent [4 patients (1.5 %) vs. 58 (18.4 %), p < 0.01], postoperative hospital stay was shorter [11 days (6–73) vs. 16 (9–59), p = 0.04], and medical costs were decreased [1453 USD (968–6859) vs. 1847 (4667–9498), p < 0.01] in the validation set compared with the test set. Five patients who required reoperation were predicted by the drain‐based information and treated within 2 days after operation.ConclusionsOur 3 × 3 rule is clinically feasible and allows for the early removal of the drain tube with minimum infection risk after liver resection.
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Between Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) and Standard Retrograde Pancreatosplenectomy (SPRS) for Left‐Sided Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Abe Toshiya , Ohuchida Kenoki , Miyasaka Yoshihiro , Ohtsuka Takao , Oda Yoshinao , Nakamura Masafumi 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBackgroundRadical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) is a modification of standard retrograde pancreatosplenectomy (SRPS) used to achieve the dissection of N1 lymph nodes, early vascular control, and negative posterior margins. However, there have been few comparative studies regarding the clinical outcomes of the RAMPS and SRPS procedures.MethodsNinety‐three patients underwent distal pancreatectomy for the treatment of pancreas body and tail adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2014. Clinicopathologic data were retrospectively analyzed in this study. We compared short‐ and long‐term outcomes between RAMPS and SRPS. In addition, we investigated the significance of clinicopathologic factors in left‐sided pancreatic cancers.ResultsFifty‐three patients underwent RAMPS and 40 patients underwent SRPS. RAMPS revealed a larger number of retrieved lymph nodes [28.4 ± 11.6 vs 20.7 ± 10.1; P = 0.0016], more frequent R0 resection [90.5 vs 67.5 %; P = 0.0053], less intraoperative bleeding than SRPS [485.4 ± 63.3 vs 682.3 ± 72.8 ml; P = 0.0444], and shorter operating time (267.3 ± 11.5 vs 339.4 ± 13.2 min; P < 0.0001) as compared with SRPS. In comparing RAMPS and SRPS, RAMPS showed a tendency for improvement of the median survival times than SRPS (47 vs 34 months) (P = 0.1920). In the multivariate analysis, R1 resection, histologic grade, and vascular invasion for overall survival (OS) were found to be independent factors.ConclusionsThere were a decrease of intraoperative bleeding and an increase in the number of retrieved lymph nodes and the R0 resection rate using RAMPS as compared with SRPS.
Combinatorial metabolic pathway assembly in the yeast genome with RNA-guided Cas9
Authors: EauClaire Steve F , Zhang Jianzhong , Rivera Corban Gregory , Huang Lixuan L 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important industrial platform for the production of grain and cellulosic ethanol, isobutanol, butanediol, isoprenoids, and other chemicals. The construction of a successful production strain usually involves multiple gene knockouts and chromosomal integration of expression cassettes to redirect the metabolic fluxes for the conversion of sugars and other feed stocks into the desired product. RNA-guided Cas9 based genome editing has been demonstrated in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts including S. cerevisiae, in which it has been additionally exploited as a tool for metabolic engineering. To extend the utilization of RNA-guided Cas9 as a metabolic pathway building tool, we demonstrated the direct assembly and chromosomal integration of up to 17 overlapping DNA fragments encoding the beta-carotene biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we generated a combinatorial strain library for the beta-carotene biosynthetic pathway, directly integrated into the yeast genome to create a diverse library of strains. This enabled the screening of combinatorial libraries in stable chromosomally integrated strains for rapid improvements of product titers. This combinatorial approach for pathway assembly will significantly accelerate the current speed of metabolic engineering for S. cerevisiae as an industrial platform, and increase the number of strains that can be simultaneously evaluated for enzyme screening, expression optimization and protein engineering to achieve the titer, rate and yield necessary for the commercialization of new industrial fermentation products.
Rationalization of genes for resistance to Bremia lactucae in lettuce
Authors: Parra Lorena , Maisonneuve Brigitte , Lebeda Ales , Schut Johan , Christopoulou Marilena , Jeuken Marieke , McHale Leah , Truco Maria-Jose , Crute Ian , Michelmore Richard 
Published: May 2016

AbstractLettuce downy mildew caused byBremia lactucaeis the most important disease of lettuce worldwide. Breeding for resistance to this disease is a major priority for most lettuce breeding programs. Many genes and factors for resistance toB. lactucaehave been reported by multiple researchers over the past ~50 years. Their nomenclature has not been coordinated, resulting in duplications and gaps in nominations. We have reviewed the available information and rationalized it into 51 resistance genes and factors and 15 quantitative trait loci along with supporting documentation as well as genetic and molecular information. This involved multiple rounds of consultation with many of the original authors. This paper provides the foundation for naming additional genes for resistance toB. lactucaein the future as well as for deploying genes to provide more durable resistance.
Frontiers of robotic endoscopic capsules: a review
Authors: Ciuti Gastone , Caliò R. , Camboni D. , Neri L. , Bianchi F. , Arezzo A. , Koulaouzidis A. , Schostek S. , Stoyanov D. , Oddo C. M. , Magnani B. , Menciassi A. , Morino M. , Schurr M. O. , Dario P. 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Digestive diseases are a major burden for society and healthcare systems, and with an aging population, the importance of their effective management will become critical. Healthcare systems worldwide already struggle to insure quality and affordability of healthcare delivery and this will be a significant challenge in the midterm future. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE), introduced in 2000 by Given Imaging Ltd., is an example of disruptive technology and represents an attractive alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques. WCE overcomes conventional endoscopy enabling inspection of the digestive system without discomfort or the need for sedation. Thus, it has the advantage of encouraging patients to undergo gastrointestinal (GI) tract examinations and of facilitating mass screening programmes. With the integration of further capabilities based on microrobotics, e.g. active locomotion and embedded therapeutic modules, WCE could become the key-technology for GI diagnosis and treatment. This review presents a research update on WCE and describes the state-of-the-art of current endoscopic devices with a focus on research-oriented robotic capsule endoscopes enabled by microsystem technologies. The article also presents a visionary perspective on WCE potential for screening, diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures.
Brief report: Association between psychological sense of school membership and mental health among early adolescents
Authors: Gaete Jorge , Rojas‐Barahona Cristian A. , Olivares Esterbina , Araya Ricardo 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTMental health problems among adolescents are prevalent and are associated with important difficulties for a normal development during this period and later in life. Understanding better the risk factors associated with mental health problems may help to design and implement more effective preventive interventions. Several personal and family risk factors have been identified in their relationship to mental health; however, much less is known about the influence of school‐related factors. One of these school factors is school belonging or the psychological sense of school membership. This is a well‐known protective factor to develop good academic commitment, but it has been scarcely studied in its relationship to mental health. We explored this association in a sample of early adolescents and found that students who reported having a high level of school membership had lower mental health problems, even after controlling for several personal and family factors.
Compiling a new glacier inventory for southeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from Landsat and PALSAR data
Authors: KE LINGHONG , DING XIAOLI , ZHANG LEI , HU JUN , SHUM C. K. , LU ZHONG 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTGlacier change has been recognized as an important climate variable due to its sensitive response to climate change. Although there are a large number of glaciers distributed over the southeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, the region is poorly represented in glacier databases due to seasonal snow cover and frequent cloud cover. Here, we present an improved glacier inventory for this region by combining Landsat observations acquired over 2011–13 (Landsat 8/OLI and Landsat TM/ETM+), coherence images from Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar images and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM. We present a semi-automated scheme for integrating observations from multi-temporal Landsat scenes to mitigate cloud obscuration. Further, the clean-ice observations, together with coherence information, slope constraints, vegetation cover and water classification information extracted from the Landsat scenes, are integrated to determine the debris-covered glacier area. After manual editing, we derive a new glacier inventory containing 6892 glaciers >0.02 km2, covering a total area of 6566 ± 197 km2. This new glacier inventory indicates gross overestimation in glacier area (over 30%) in previously published glacier inventories, and reveals various spatial characteristics of glaciers in the region. Our inventory can be used as a baseline dataset for future studies including glacier change assessment.
Extinct flagships: linking extinct and threatened species
Authors: Kyne Peter M. , Adams Vanessa M. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractDespite much effort to promote the conservation and recovery of threatened species, the extent of the current list of threatened vertebrates (> 7,600 species) underscores the need to develop novel communication and marketing tools to raise awareness and funding for their conservation. Although flagship species have been widely used in conservation marketing, the flagship role of extinct species has been largely overlooked and the status of lost species is rarely associated with the status of extant species facing a high risk of extinction. Some extinct species (e.g. the dodo Raphus cucullatus and the thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus) are cultural and commercial icons and therefore familiar, and may appeal to the public as conservation flagships. We propose a wider use of extinct flagships to raise awareness for the conservation of threatened species by making a direct link between already extinct species and extant species at risk of extinction. We present examples of publicly recognized and iconic extinct species that could be used in marketing for the conservation of threatened species. These extinct species are familiar and may be readily linked to threatened species or species groups. We outline a roadmap for testing their appeal under the extinct flagship concept, through market research. If research identifies that a cognitive link is made between the fate of an extinct species (i.e. they went extinct from human causes) and what may happen to threatened species (i.e. they are at risk of extinction from human causes), extinct species may well have a wider role to play as conservation flagships.
Third Sector Experiences of Work Programme Delivery
Authors: EGDELL VALERIE , DUTTON MATTHEW , MCQUAID RONALD 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper explores third sector organisational experiences of governmental policy change and implementation. Using a four-year longitudinal study of 13 third sector organisations (TSOs), it provides evidence based on the experiences of, and effects on, third sector organisations involved in the UK's Work Programme in Scotland. The paper explores third sector experiences of the Work Programme during the preparation and introductory phase, as well as the effects of subsequent Work Programme implementation. By gathering evidence contemporaneously and longitudinally a unique in-depth analysis is provided of the introduction and implementation of a major new policy. The resource cost and the challenges to third sector ways of working, for the organisations in the Work Programme supply chain, as well as those not in the supply chain, are considered. The paper considers some of the responses adopted by the third sector to manage the opportunities and challenges presented to them through the implementation of the Work Programme. The paper also reflects on the broader context of the employability services landscape and raises questions as to whether, as a result of the manner in which the Work Programme was contracted, there is evidence of a move towards service homogenisation, challenging perceived TSO characteristics of service innovation and personalisation.
Trade in the Helmeted HornbillRhinoplax vigil: the ‘ivory hornbill’
Authors: BEASTALL CLAIRE , SHEPHERD CHRIS R. , HADIPRAKARSA YOKYOK , MARTYR DEBBIE 
Published: May 2016

SummaryDemand for the ‘ivory’ casques of the Helmeted HornbillRhinoplax vigilappears to have risen very sharply, although the species is legally protected in every range state (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand) and it is on Appendix I of CITES. Seizure records and other sources indicate that the majority of hornbills are being killed in Indonesia on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra and smuggled to China where the casques are carved for commercial sale. Between March 2012 and August 2014 a minimum 2,170 heads and/or casques were seized from the illegal trade in Indonesia and China in identifiable enforcement actions. Seizures were made from poachers, smugglers, processing facilities and retailers (both physical shops and online traders). Thirteen seizures occurred in Indonesia in which no fewer than 1,117 specimens were confiscated. In China, 18 seizures resulted in the confiscation of 1,053 specimens. Anecdotal evidence suggests the species is now rare in Indonesia but that demand, reflected in the high prices involved, will not soon abate. Efforts are therefore urgently needed to end this illegal trade, which is controlled by organised crime with interests in other wildlife products, to advertise the penalties for transgressors, and to create awareness of the law and the plight of the species among potential consumers.
Gobineau, the Would-be Orientalist
Authors: IRWIN ROBERT 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe poet, traveller, Arabist and campaigning anti-imperialist Wilfrid Blunt, who visited Gobineau in 1871, described him in his diary as follows: “Gobineau is a man of about 55, with grey hair and moustache, dark rather prominent eyes, sallow complexion, and tall figure with brisk almost jerky gait. In temperament he is nervous, energetic in manner, observant, but distrait, passing rapidly from thought to thought, a good talker but a bad listener. He is a savant, novelist, poet, sculptor, archaeologist, a man of taste, a man of the world”.1On December 16 1904, Marcel Proust wrote to an old friend from schooldays, “Me voici gobinien. Je ne pense qu’à lui”.2That old friend was Robert Dreyfus, the brother of the Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus, and, together with Proust, one of the leading campaigners for Alfred's release from Devil's Island. (Alfred was only fully exonerated in 1906.) Proust, of course, skilfully worked the scandals and passions of the Dreyfus Affair into his great sequence of novels,À la recherche du temps perdu. As for Robert, he was to publish his Souvenirs sur Marcel Proust in 1926. But he had also published an admiring monograph entitledLa vie et prophéties du Comte de Gobineauin 1909. All this may suggest that, though Count Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau (1816-82) was a racist, he may not have been a conventional one.
Perceived and geographic food access and food security status among households with children
Authors: Ma Xiaoguang , Liese Angela D , Bell Bethany A , Martini Lauren , Hibbert James , Draper Carrie , Burke Michael P , Jones Sonya J 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association of both perceived and geographic neighbourhood food access with food security status among households with children.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study in which participants’ perceptions of neighbourhood food access were assessed by a standard survey instrument, and geographic food access was evaluated by distance to the nearest supermarket. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations.SubjectsThe Midlands Family Study included 544 households with children in eight counties in South Carolina, USA. Food security status among participants was classified into three categories: food secure (FS), food insecure (FI) and very low food security among children (VLFS-C).ResultsCompared with FS households, VLFS-C households had lower odds of reporting easy access to adequate food shopping. VLFS-C households also had lower odds of reporting neighbourhood access to affordable fruits and vegetables compared with FS households and reported worse selection of fruits and vegetables, quality of fruits and vegetables, and selection of low-fat products. FI households had lower odds of reporting fewer opportunities to purchase fast food. None of the geographic access measures was significantly associated with food security status.ConclusionsCaregivers with children who experienced hunger perceived that they had less access to healthy affordable food in their community, even though grocery stores were present. Approaches to improve perceived access to healthy affordable food should be considered as part of the overall approach to improving food security and eliminating child hunger.
Investigating nutrient profiling and Health Star Ratings on core dairy products in Australia
Authors: Wellard Lyndal , Hughes Clare , Watson Wendy L 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether the ratings from the Australian front-of-pack labelling scheme, Health Star Rating (HSR), and the ability to carry health claims using the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC) for core dairy products promote foods consistent with the Australian Dietary Guidelines.DesignThe Australian nutrient profiling model used for assessing eligibility for health claims was compared with the nutrient profiling model underpinning the HSR system to determine their agreement when assessing dairy products. Agreement between the extent to which products met nutrient profiling criteria and scored three stars or over using the HSR calculator was determined using Cohen’s kappa tests.SettingThe four largest supermarket chains in Sydney, Australia.SubjectsAll available products in the milk, hard cheese, soft cheese and yoghurt categories (n 1363) were surveyed in March–May 2014. Nutrition composition and ingredients lists were recorded for each product.ResultsThere was ‘good’ agreement between NPSC and HSR overall (κ=0·78; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·81; P<0·001), for hard cheeses (κ=0·72; 95 % CI 0·65, 0·79; P<0·001) and yoghurt (κ=0·79; 95 % CI 0·73, 0·86; P<0·001). There was ‘fair’ agreement for milk (κ=0·33; 95 % CI 0·20, 0·45; P<0·001) and ‘very good’ agreement for soft cheese (κ=0·84; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·92; P<0·001). Generally, products tended to have HSR consistent with other products of a similar type within their categories.ConclusionsFor dairy products, the HSR scheme largely aligned with the NPSC used for determining eligibility for health claims. Both systems appeared be consistent with the Australian Dietary Guidelines for dairy products, with lower-fat products rating higher.
The signal and the noise
Authors: Bialystok Ellen 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Studies on the effect of bilingualism on executive functioning have sometimes failed to find significant differences between performance of monolingual and bilingual young adults. This paper examines the interpretation of these null findings and considers the role of three factors: definition of bilingualism, appropriateness of statistical procedures and interpretations, and the range of data considered. The conclusion is that a correct interpretation of this important issue will require careful consideration of all the data and scrupulous attention to design details.
Exploring Gender Differences in the Utility of Strength-Based Risk Assessment Measures
Authors: Viljoen Simone , Nicholls Tonia L. , Roesch Ronald , Gagnon Nathalie , Douglas Kevin , Brink Johann 
Published: May 2016

The generalizability of risk assessment measures to female populations remains up for debate; in particular, few studies have made direct comparisons between male and female civil psychiatric patients on protective factors and risk factors relevant to violence risk assessments. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a prospective study with 102 civil psychiatric patients (60.8% male) to investigate strength-based risk assessments. Outcome data (i.e., verbal, physical, and sexual aggression) was collected after 6 and 12 months. We found a number of potentially interesting gender differences in the predictive validity of the START, HCR-20V2, and SAPROF. Findings are generally supportive of the use of established Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) risk assessment measures with male civil psychiatric populations, and with the exception of the START, caution is warranted when using these measures with female civil psychiatric patients. Findings suggest that SPJ assessments that utilize both strengths and vulnerabilities generally performed better than SPJ assessments relying on either strengths alone or vulnerabilities alone.