bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health morbidity among people subject to immigration detention in the UK: a feasibility study
Authors: Sen P. , Arugnanaseelan J. , Connell E. , Katona C. , Khan A. A. , Moran P. , Robjant K. , Slade K. , Tan J. , Widyaratna K. , Youd J. , Forrester A. 
Published: June 2017

Aims.The UK has one of the largest systems of immigration detention in Europe.. Those detained include asylum-seekers and foreign national prisoners, groups with a higher prevalence of mental health vulnerabilities compared with the general population. In light of little published research on the mental health status of detainees in immigration removal centres (IRCs), the primary aim of this study was to explore whether it was feasible to conduct psychiatric research in such a setting. A secondary aim was to compare the mental health of those seeking asylum with the rest of the detainees.Methods.Cross-sectional study with simple random sampling followed by opportunistic sampling. Exclusion criteria included inadequate knowledge of English and European Union nationality. Six validated tools were used to screen for mental health disorders including developmental disorders like Personality Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disability, as well as for needs assessment. These were the MINI v6, SAPAS, AQ-10, ASRS, LDSQ and CANFOR. Demographic data were obtained using a participant demographic sheet. Researchers were trained in the use of the screening battery and inter-rater reliability assessed by joint ratings.Results.A total of 101 subjects were interviewed. Overall response rate was 39%. The most prevalent screened mental disorder was depression (52.5%), followed by personality disorder (34.7%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (20.8%). 21.8% were at moderate to high suicidal risk. 14.9 and 13.9% screened positive for ASD and ADHD, respectively. The greatest unmet needs were in the areas of intimate relationships (76.2%), psychological distress (72.3%) and sexual expression (71.3%). Overall presence of mental disorder was comparable with levels found in prisons. The numbers in each group were too small to carry out any further analysis.Conclusion.It is feasible to undertake a psychiatric morbidity survey in an IRC. Limitations of the study include potential selection bias, use of screening tools, use of single-site study, high refusal rates, the lack of interpreters and lack of women and children in study sample. Future studies should involve the in-reach team to recruit participants and should be run by a steering group consisting of clinicians from the IRC as well as academics.
MicroRNA-26a/cyclin-dependent kinase 5 axis controls proliferation, apoptosis and in vivo tumor growth of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cell lines
Authors: Farina Floriana Maria , Inguscio Alessandra , Kunderfranco Paolo , Cortesi Alice , Elia Leonardo , Quintavalle Manuela 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most frequent type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Despite a favorable therapeutic response to first-line chemo-immunotherapy, still 30–40% of patients is refractory, or relapse after this treatment. Thus, alternative strategies must be sought. Previous studies have indicated that cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), a serine/threonine protein kinase, is involved in tumor development and progression, and it may represent a potential therapeutic target. However, its role in modulating DLBCL growth and progression remains largely unexplored. In this study, we show that CDK5 and its activator, cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activator 1 (CDK5R1 or p35), are overexpressed in DLBCL cell lines and that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation and activity is dependent on CDK5 expression in DLBCL. Using public data sets, we also demonstrate that patients with DLBCL show a higher expression of CDK5 compared with healthy individuals. By using loss-of-function approaches, we demonstrate that CDK5’s activity regulates proliferation and survival of DLBCL cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are small noncoding RNAs that negatively regulating gene expression and are involved in cancer initiation and progression. We identify miR-26a as direct regulator of p35 expression and CDK5 activity. We show that miR-26a expression is lower in DLBCL cell lines compared to B lymphocytes and that its ectopic expression leads to a drastic reduction of DLBCL tumor growth in vivo and decreased proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and survival in vitro. Remarkably, concomitant overexpression of a 3′-UTR-truncated form of p35 promoted tumor growth in vivo and cell proliferation, cell-cycle progression, and cell survival in vitro. In conclusion, these results demonstrate an important role for miR-26a and CDK5 together in the survival and growth of DLBCL cells, suggesting the existence of potential novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of DLBCL.
Hybrid soliton dynamics in liquid-core fibres
Authors: Chemnitz Mario , Gebhardt Martin , Gaida Christian , Stutzki Fabian , Kobelke Jens , Limpert Jens , Tünnermann Andreas , Schmidt Markus A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe discovery of optical solitons being understood as temporally and spectrally stationary optical states has enabled numerous innovations among which, most notably, supercontinuum light sources have become widely used in both fundamental and applied sciences. Here, we report on experimental evidence for dynamics of hybrid solitons—a new type of solitary wave, which emerges as a result of a strong non-instantaneous nonlinear response in CS2-filled liquid-core optical fibres. Octave-spanning supercontinua in the mid-infrared region are observed when pumping the hybrid waveguide with a 460 fs laser (1.95 μm) in the anomalous dispersion regime at nanojoule-level pulse energies. A detailed numerical analysis well correlated with the experiment uncovers clear indicators of emerging hybrid solitons, revealing their impact on the bandwidth, onset energy and noise characteristics of the supercontinua. Our study highlights liquid-core fibres as a promising platform for fundamental optics and applications towards novel coherent and reconfigurable light sources.
Elitist Binary Wolf Search Algorithm for Heuristic Feature Selection in High-Dimensional Bioinformatics Datasets
Authors: Li Jinyan , Fong Simon , Wong Raymond K. , Millham Richard , Wong Kelvin K. L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDue to the high-dimensional characteristics of dataset, we propose a new method based on the Wolf Search Algorithm (WSA) for optimising the feature selection problem. The proposed approach uses the natural strategy established by Charles Darwin; that is, ‘It is not the strongest of the species that survives, but the most adaptable’. This means that in the evolution of a swarm, the elitists are motivated to quickly obtain more and better resources. The memory function helps the proposed method to avoid repeat searches for the worst position in order to enhance the effectiveness of the search, while the binary strategy simplifies the feature selection problem into a similar problem of function optimisation. Furthermore, the wrapper strategy gathers these strengthened wolves with the classifier of extreme learning machine to find a sub-dataset with a reasonable number of features that offers the maximum correctness of global classification models. The experimental results from the six public high-dimensional bioinformatics datasets tested demonstrate that the proposed method can best some of the conventional feature selection methods up to 29% in classification accuracy, and outperform previous WSAs by up to 99.81% in computational time.
Palmitic Acid-BSA enhances Amyloid-β production through GPR40-mediated dual pathways in neuronal cells: Involvement of the Akt/mTOR/HIF-1α and Akt/NF-κB pathways
Authors: Kim Jeong Yeon , Lee Hyun Jik , Lee Sei-Jung , Jung Young Hyun , Yoo Dae Young , Hwang In Koo , Seong Je Kyung , Ryu Jung Min , Han Ho Jae 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe pathophysiological actions of fatty acids (FAs) on Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which are possibly mediated by genomic effects, are widely known; however, their non-genomic actions remain elusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the non-genomic mechanism of extra-cellular palmitic acid (PA) regulating beta-amyloid peptide (Aβ) production, which may provide a link between obesity and the occurrence of AD. In an obese mouse model, a high-fat diet (HFD) significantly increased the expression levels of APP and BACE1 as well as the AD pathology in the mouse brain. We further found that PA conjugated with bovine serum albumin (PA-BSA) increased the expression of APP and BACE1 and the production of Aβ through the G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40) in SK-N-MC cells. PA-BSA coupling with GPR40 significantly induced Akt activation which is required for mTOR/p70S6K1-mediated HIF-1α expression and NF-κB phosphorylation facilitating the transcriptional activity of the APP and BACE1 genes. In addition, silencing of APP and BACE1 expression significantly decreased the production of Aβ in SK-N-MC cells treated with PA-BSA. In conclusion, these results show that extra-cellular PA coupled with GPR40 induces the expression of APP and BACE1 to facilitate Aβ production via the Akt-mTOR-HIF-1α and Akt-NF-κB pathways in SK-N-MC cells.
Maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder: meta-analysis with population smoking metrics as moderators
Authors: Jung Yonwoo , Lee Angela M. , McKee Sherry A. , Picciotto Marina R. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWhile exposure to nicotine during developmental periods can significantly affect brain development, studies examining the association between maternal smoking and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring have produced conflicting findings, and prior meta-analyses have found no significant association. Our meta-analysis used a novel approach of investigating population-level smoking metrics as moderators. The main meta-analysis, with 22 observational studies comprising 795,632 cases and 1,829,256 control participants, used a random-effects model to find no significant association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ASD in offspring (pooled odds ratio (OR) = 1.16, 95% CI: 0.97–1.40). However, meta-regression analyses with moderators were significant when we matched pooled ORs with adult male smoking prevalence (z = 2.55, p = 0.01) in each country, using World Health Organization data. Our study shows that using population-level smoking metrics uncovers significant relationships between maternal smoking and ASD risk. Correlational analyses show that male smoking prevalence approximates secondhand smoke exposure. While we cannot exclude the possibility that our findings reflect the role of paternal or postnatal nicotine exposure, as opposed to maternal or in utero nicotine exposure, this study underlines the importance of investigating paternal and secondhand smoking in addition to maternal smoking in ASD.
PARP-1 overexpression contributes to Cadmium-induced death in rat proximal tubular cells via parthanatos and the MAPK signalling pathway
Authors: Luo Tongwang , Yuan Yan , Yu Qi , Liu Gang , Long Mengfei , Zhang Kanglei , Bian Jianchun , Gu Jianhong , Zou Hui , Wang Yi , Zhu Jiaqiao , Liu Xuezhong , Liu Zongping 
Published: June 2017

AbstractParthanatos is a newly discovered form of PARP-1-dependent programmed cell death. It has been reported to play an important role in several cancer or tumour cells; however, few studies have been performed in normal cells. Cadmium is a highly toxic pollutant and is reported to induce autophagy and apoptosis in multiple cell types. Although cadmium toxicity induces cell death, the underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Therefore, in this study we aimed to investigate the mechanism of Cadmium -induced cell damage using rat proximal tubular cell line NRK-52E and primary rat proximal tubular (rPT) cells. Our results indicated that parthanatos and the MAPK signalling pathway contribute to Cadmium-induced cell death, and that oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage play key roles in this process. In addition, parthanatos with oxidative stress has a synergistic effect on apoptosis, and JNK1/2 and p38 contribute to parthanatos.
Sex Hormones, Gonadotropins, and Sex Hormone-binding Globulin in Infants Fed Breast Milk, Cow Milk Formula, or Soy Formula
Authors: Fang Xin , Wang Lei , Wu Chunhua , Shi Huijing , Zhou Zhijun , Montgomery Scott , Cao Yang 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMeasurement of endogenous hormones in early life is important to investigate the effects of hormonally active environmental compounds. To assess the possible hormonal effects of different feeding regimens in different sample matrices of infants, 166 infants were enrolled from two U.S hospitals between 2006 and 2009. The children were classified into exclusive soy formula, cow milk formula or breast milk regimens. Urine, saliva and blood samples were collected over the first 12 months of life. Estradiol, estrone, testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were measured in the three matrices. Lower estradiol and LH levels were found in urine and saliva samples of soy formula-fed boys compared to cow formula-fed boys. Higher LH level was found in urine samples of soy formula-fed girls compared to cow formula-fed girls. However, we found neither a neonatal testosterone rise in the boys nor a gender-specific difference in testosterone levels, which suggests that urinary testosterone levels may not accurately reflect blood levels during mini-puberty. Nevertheless, our study shows that blood, urine and saliva samples are readily collectible and suitable for multi-hormone analyses in children and allow examination of hypotheses concerning endocrine effects from dietary compounds.
A thermophilic cell-free cascade enzymatic reaction for acetoin synthesis from pyruvate
Authors: Jia Xiaojing , Liu Ying , Han Yejun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAcetoin (3-hydroxy-2-butanone) is an important bio-based platform chemical with wide applications. In vitro enzyme catalysed synthesis exhibits great feasibility in the production of chemicals with high purity. In the present work, a synthetic pathway involving a two-step continuous reaction was constructed in vitro for acetoin production from pyruvate at improved temperature. Thermostable candidates, acetolactate synthase (coAHASL1 and coAHASL2 from Caldicellulosiruptor owensensis OL) and α-acetolactate decarboxylase (bsALDC from Bacillus subtilis IPE5-4) were cloned, heterologously expressed, and characterized. All the enzymes showed maximum activities at 65–70 °C and pH of 6.5. Enzyme kinetics analysis showed that coAHASL1 had a higher activity but lower affinity against pyruvate than that of coAHASL2. In addition, the activities of coAHASL1 and bsALDC were promoted by Mn2+ and NADPH. The cascade enzymatic reaction was optimized by using coAHASL1 and bsALDC based on their kinetic properties. Under optimal conditions, a maximum concentration of 3.36 ± 0.26 mM acetoin was produced from 10 mM pyruvate after reaction for 24 h at 65 °C. The productivity of acetoin was 0.14 mM h−1, and the yield was 67.80% compared with the theoretical value. The results confirmed the feasibility of synthesis of acetoin from pyruvate with a cell-free enzyme catalysed system at improved temperature.
Hybrid Resonators and Highly Tunable Terahertz Metamaterials Enabled by Vanadium Dioxide (VO2)
Authors: Wang Shengxiang , Kang Lei , Werner Douglas H. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHybrid metamaterials that exhibit reconfigurable responses under external stimulus, such as electric fields and light radiation, have only recently been demonstrated by combining active media with patterned metallic structures. Nevertheless, hybrid terahertz (THz) metamaterials whose spectral performance can be dynamically tuned over a large scale remain rare. Compared with most active media (for instance, silicon) that provide limited activity, vanadium dioxide (VO2), which exhibits an insulator-to-metal transition, has been recently explored to facilitate dynamically tunable metamaterials. More importantly, the phase transition yields a three orders of magnitude increase in THz electrical conductivity, which suggests the potential for creating VO2 based hybrid resonators that operate at THz frequencies. Here, we show that an integration of VO2 structures and conventional metallic resonating components can enable a class of highly tunable THz metamaterials. Considering the widely studied phase-transition dynamics in VO2, the proposed hybrid metamaterials are capable of offering ultrafast modulation of THz radiation.
Combined influence of poor health behaviours on the prevalence and 15-year incidence of age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Gopinath Bamini , Liew Gerald , Flood Victoria M. , Joachim Nichole , Burlutsky George , Mitchell Paul 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe aimed to establish the collective influence of four lifestyle practices (physical activity, diet, smoking and alcohol consumption) on the prevalence and incidence of AMD. At baseline, 2428 participants aged 49+ with complete lifestyle and AMD data were examined, and of these, 1903 participants were re-examined 15 years later. AMD was assessed from retinal photographs. A health behaviour score was calculated, allocating 1 point for each poor behaviour: current smoking; fruits and vegetables consumed <4 serves daily; <3 episodes of physical activity per week; and >2 alcoholic drinks per day. Cross-sectional analysis showed that participants who engaged in all 4 poor health behaviours (n = 29) versus those who did not engage in unhealthy behaviours (reference group; n = 677) had greater odds of any and late AMD: multivariable-adjusted OR, 5.14 (95% CI, 1.04–25.45) and OR 29.53 (95% CI 2.72–321.16), respectively. A marginally non-significant association was observed between increasing number of poor health behaviours and 15-year incidence of early AMD (multivariable-adjusted P-trend = 0.08). Our data suggests that motivating patients with AMD to eat better, exercise more, limit alcohol intake and avoid smoking seems advisable to decelerate the development or worsening of existing AMD.
Ventral C1 Fracture Combined with Congenital Posterior Cleft: What to Do?
Authors: Dammann Philipp , Schoemberg Tobias , Ahmadipour Yahya , Payer Michael , Sure Ulrich , Tessitore Enrico , Özkan Neriman , Gembruch Oliver 
Published: June 2017

Background and Objective We present a treatment approach for a rare condition of patients with a ventral C1 fracture and a congenital cleft in the posterior arch (half-ring Jefferson fracture) with an intact transverse atlantal ligament. Our technique aims to achieve stability of the atlanto-occipital and atlantoaxial joints while preserving mobility of the upper cervical spine.
Patients and Methods Two male patients, 43 years and 29 years of age, respectively, were admitted to our hospital due to a fracture of the ventral arch of the atlas with no damage of the transverse atlantal ligament. Both men also presented a congenital cleft of the posterior arch. Initial conservative management with a halo-thoracic vest was performed in one case and failed. As a result, surgical treatment was performed in both cases using bilateral C1 mass screws and a transverse connector.
Results The patients showed no neurologic deficits on follow-up examination 4 weeks after surgery with a full range of head and neck motion. Computed tomography (CT) showed no dislocation of the implanted material with good dorsal alignment and a stable ventral fracture distance. Follow-up CT showed osseous stability in both cases with the beginning of bony ossification of the bone graft.
Conclusion Isolated instable fractures of the ventral arch of the atlas with a congenital cleft of the posterior arch with no damage of the transverse atlantal ligament can be stabilized using bilateral C1 mass screws and a transverse connector preserving upper cervical spine mobility.
Prophylaxe und Therapie der Glukokortikoid-induzierten Osteoporose
Authors: Oelzner Peter , Wolf Gunter 
Published: June 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Glukokortikoid-induzierte Osteoporose (GK-OP) ist eine der häufigsten Formen der Osteoporose. Epidemiologischen Untersuchungen zufolge nehmen 0,5–0,9% der Bevölkerung Glukokortikoide (GK) ein, bei den über 50-jährigen liegt diese Zahl bei ca. 3%. Das Frakturrisiko ist unter chronischer GK-Therapie auf das Doppelte erhöht und liegt auf Grund der bevorzugten Wirkung von GK auf den trabekulären Knochen für Wirbelkörperfrakturen noch höher. Pathogenetisch liegt der GK-OP eine Verminderung von Knochenmasse und – qualität zugrunde, welche aus suppressiven Effekten von GK auf die Zahl und Funktion von Osteoblasten und Osteocyten und einer Steigerung der Knochenresorption resultiert. Systemische Effekte welche zu Sarkopenie mit erhöhtem Sturzrisiko, hormonellen Veränderungen und negativer Kalziumbilanz führen, können die ungünstigen Wirkungen von GK auf den Knochen weiter amplifizieren. Eine Osteoporose-Basisdiagnostik inklusive Osteodensitometrie sollte immer dann erfolgen, wenn mit einer GK-Therapie von mindestens 2,5 mg/d Prednisolonäquivalent über mehr als 3 Monate zu rechnen ist. Das Frakturrisiko ist bereits nach 3 Monaten GK-Therapie erhöht. Daher ist eine frühzeitige Intervention zur Hemmung des GK-induzierten Knochenmasseverlustes angezeigt. Die Leitlinien des Dachverbandes osteologischer Gesellschaften (DVO) liefern die Grundlage für eine am kalkulierten Frakturrisiko orientierte Prophylaxe und Therapie der GK-OP. Zu den allgemeinen Maßnahmen zählen Sturzprävention und Verbesserung von Muskelmasse und Koordination ebenso wie eine ausreichende Versorgung mit Kalzium und Vitamin D. Die Indikationsstellung für eine über diese Maßnahmen hinausgehende spezifische medikamentöse Therapie basiert auf dem individuellen Frakturrisiko, welches entscheidend durch GK-Dosis und Dauer der Therapie, Alter, Geschlecht und weitere Risikofaktoren einschließlich der mit GK behandelten Grunderkrankung bestimmt wird. Für die Umsetzung der Empfehlungen ist insbesondere im prophylaktischen Ansatz eine Kalkulation der geplanten GK-Dauer und Dosis essentiell. In diesem Zusammenhang bieten die Leitlinien zur Therapie der verschiedenen entzündlich rheumatischen Erkrankungen eine wichtige Orientierungshilfe. Bei GK-Dosen von≥7,5 PubMed mg/d Prednisolonäquivalent über mehr als 3 Monate ist eine spezifische medikamentöse Therapie bei einem T-Score von<− 1,5 bzw. beim Vorliegen einer niedrig-traumatischen Wirbelkörperfraktur oder multipler peripherer Frakturen indiziert. GK-Dosen zwischen 2,5 und 7,5 mg/d bedingen eine Absenkung der durch Alter, Geschlecht und weitere Risikofaktoren bestimmten Therapieschwelle. Eine Prävention des GK-induzierten Knochenmasseverlustes und von vertebralen Frakturen wurde sowohl für Bisphosphonate als auch für Teriparatid nachgewiesen.Bisphosphonate eignen sich insbesondere zur Prävention, Teriparatid zur Behandlung der schweren Osteoporose mit prävalenten Frakturen. Entscheidend ist eine noch konsequentere Umsetzung der Empfehlungen zur Prophylaxe und Therapie der GK-OP.
Visual Illusions in Action
Authors: Bruno Nicola 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents a review of the evidence supporting the notion that motor responses may resist visual illusions. It asks the question of whether actions will be affected by illusions. The review is selective, as dictated by space constraints, and highly critical because the interpretation of the relevant evidence remains controversial. The conclusions underscore the theoretical relevance, as well as the heuristic value, of studies of illusion effects on action responses. At the same time, however, they offer a warning concerning past interpretations of this literature and suggest that the proposed immunity of actions from visual illusions may be much more limited than proposed in earlier accounts.