bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Steady-State and Transient Methods for Measuring Shale Permeability
Authors: Mathur Ashish , Sondergeld Carl H. , Rai Chandra S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Shale matrix permeability is important in evaluating the economic viability of unconventional reservoirs. Inconsistent permeability measurements reported from pressure decay analysis on crushed rock samples is forcing a re-examination of core plugs measurements. Various methods have been developed to measure permeability on core plugs which include steady state and transient methods. Because of the use of different techniques to measure permeability by different laboratories it becomes necessary to compare the resulting values. An experimental apparatus has been developed which has the capability to measure permeability using steady state and several transient methods.
To compare some permeability values, appropriate gas corrections have to be applied. Gas corrections depend on the flow regime prevalent during the measurement. The transient flow regime dominates at low pressures when the pore sizes are small. In the transition flow regime, gas permeability measurements cannot be corrected with a simple Klinkenberg correction but require second order permeability correction such as the double slip correction. An experimental investigation to understand the flow regime at different pore pressures was carried out on two Wolfcamp shale samples. Steady state permeability of these samples was measured using helium and nitrogen at a constant effective pressure of 3000 psi over different pore pressure ranges from 100 psi to 3000 psi; the permeabilities were corrected using the Klinkenberg and the double slip correction. It was assumed that whichever correction resulted in similar permeabilities for both gases over the pore pressure range, would be the appropriate correction for that range. It was found that for pore pressures less than 250 psi permeabilities required second order corrections, indicating a transition flow regime at these pore pressures in shales. However at pore pressures greater than 2000 psi permeabilities required negligible corrections. It is therefore recommended to use pore pressures greater than 2000 psi for gas permeability measurements in shale.
Permeability of five horizontal Wolfcamp shale samples were measured using steady state and transient methods at an effective pressure of 3000 psi using nitrogen gas. Three measurements were applied for each method at pore pressures less than 250 psi and a double slip correction was applied. The three methods yielded similar permeabilities with differences being less than 30%. Therefore transient methods provide comparable results to steady state gas permeability measurements when the proper corrections are applied.
ON MORE SENSITIVE PERIODOGRAM STATISTICS
Authors: Bélanger G. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Period searches in event data have traditionally used the Rayleigh statistic, R
2. For X-ray pulsars, the standard has been the Z
2 statistic, which sums over more than one harmonic. For γ-rays, the H-test, which optimizes the number of harmonics to sum, is often used. These periodograms all suffer from the same problem, namely artifacts caused by correlations in the Fourier components that arise from testing frequencies with a non-integer number of cycles. This article addresses this problem. The modified Rayleigh statistic is discussed, its generalization to any harmonic,

, is formulated, and from the latter, the modified Z
2 statistic,

, is constructed. Versions of these statistics for binned data and point measurements are derived, and it is shown that the variance in the uncertainties can have an important influence on the periodogram. It is shown how to combine the information about the signal frequency from the different harmonics to estimate its value with maximum accuracy. The methods are applied to an XMM-Newton observation of the Crab pulsar for which a decomposition of the pulse profile is presented, and shows that most of the power is in the second, third, and fifth harmonics. Statistical detection power of the

statistic is superior to the FFT and equivalent to the Lomb--Scargle (LS). Response to gaps in the data is assessed, and it is shown that the LS does not protect against the distortions they cause. The main conclusion of this work is that the classical R
2 and Z
2 should be replaced by

and

in all applications with event data, and the LS should be replaced by the

when the uncertainty varies from one point measurement to another.
SUBPROTON-SCALE CASCADES IN SOLAR WIND TURBULENCE: DRIVEN HYBRID-KINETIC SIMULATIONS
Authors: Cerri S. S. , Califano F. , Jenko F. , Told D. , Rincon F. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
A long-lasting debate in space plasma physics concerns the nature of subproton-scale fluctuations in solar wind (SW) turbulence. Over the past decade, a series of theoretical and observational studies were presented in favor of either kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) or whistler turbulence. Here, we investigate numerically the nature of the subproton-scale turbulent cascade for typical SW parameters by means of unprecedented high-resolution simulations of forced hybrid-kinetic turbulence in two real-space and three velocity-space dimensions. Our analysis suggests that small-scale turbulence in this model is dominated by KAWs at β ≳ 1 and by magnetosonic/whistler fluctuations at lower β. The spectral properties of the turbulence appear to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions. A tentative interpretation of this result in terms of relative changes in the damping rates of the different waves is also presented. Overall, the results raise interesting new questions about the properties and variability of subproton-scale turbulence in the SW, including its possible dependence on the plasma β, and call for detailed and extensive parametric explorations of driven kinetic turbulence in three dimensions.
EVIDENCE FOR TWO LOGNORMAL STATES IN MULTI-WAVELENGTH FLUX VARIATION OF FSRQ PKS 1510-089
Authors: Kushwaha Pankaj , Chandra Sunil , Misra Ranjeev , Sahayanathan S. , Singh K. P. , Baliyan K. S. 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
We present a systematic characterization of multi-wavelength emission from blazar PKS 1510-089 using well-sampled data at near-infrared (NIR), optical, X-ray, and γ-ray energies. The resulting flux distributions, except at X-rays, show two distinct lognormal profiles corresponding to a high and a low flux level. The dispersions exhibit energy-dependent behavior except in the LAT γ-ray and optical B-band. During the low level flux states, it is higher toward the peak of the spectral energy distribution, with γ-ray being intrinsically more variable followed by IR and then optical, consistent with mainly being a result of varying bulk Lorentz factor. On the other hand, the dispersions during the high state are similar in all bands except the optical B-band, where thermal emission still dominates. The centers of distributions are a factor of ∼4 apart, consistent with anticipation from studies of extragalactic γ-ray background with the high state showing a relatively harder mean spectral index compared to the low state.
ON THE AFTERGLOW AND PROGENITOR OF FRB 150418
Authors: Zhang Bing 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT
Keane et al. recently detected a fading radio source following FRB 150418, leading to the identification of a putative host galaxy at z = 0.492 ± 0.008. Assuming that the fading source is the afterglow of FRB 150418, I model the afterglow and constrain the isotropic energy of the explosion to be a few 1050 erg, comparable to that of a short-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB). The outflow may have a jet opening angle of ∼0.22 rad, so that the beaming-corrected energy is below 1049 erg. The results rule out most fast radio burst (FRB) progenitor models for this FRB, but may be consistent with either of the following two scenarios. The first scenario invokes a merger of an NS–NS binary, which produced an undetected short GRB and a supra-massive neutron star, which subsequently collapsed into a black hole, probably hundreds of seconds after the short GRB. The second scenario invokes a merger of a compact star binary (BH–BH, NS–NS, or BH–NS) system whose pre-merger dynamical magnetospheric activities made the FRB, which is followed by an undetected short GRB-like transient. The gravitational-wave (GW) event GW 150914 would be a sister of FRB 150418 in this second scenario. In both cases, one expects an exciting prospect of GW/FRB/GRB associations.
Philippine Poverty as Moving Fractals
Authors: Ranario Roselle Jardin 
Published: April 2016

A recent innovation in the field of statistics is using fractal analysis where data sets are analyzed for anomaly detection, pattern analysis, and root cause analysis. In application of the fractal statistics, this paper examines the incidence of Philippine poverty from 2003 to 2012 based on its fractal dimension in the hope of providing policy makers a different approach in addressing sustained growth among the poor. Poverty is like a moving fractal where patterns simply repeat in various scales and variations. What are the key implications of fractal poverty for policy and research? How can the fractal poverty provide an analytical foundation to make a pathway out of poverty accessible to Filipinos presently suffering in extreme poverty? The fractal model shows that poverty incidence is dictated by provinces whose poverty incidence are high. This means that if the poverty incidence of the province will be primarily addressed, it will affect the poverty scenario of the Philippines. Policy makers if looking for key indicators why Filipinos have some difficulty escaping poverty may focus on the province with the highest incidence.
Do Catastrophes in Poor Countries Lead to Event-Related Policy Change?: The 2010 Earthquake in Haiti
Authors: Thompson Denise D.P. 
Published: April 2016

Prompted by Birkland and Warnement’s (2014) findings that the earthquake was not a significant focusing event in Haiti, the author reassessed the issue. Using the 2010 earthquake as the starting point, a detailed content analysis of evaluation and strategy report and DRR and developmental plans to find the level of policy adopted and implemented after the earthquake. Using the criterion of event-related implementation as a proxy for event-related policy change the author judges whether and to what extent was the earthquake a focusing event. Among the findings are that not only were there event-related policy change inside and outside of Haiti. Many policy changes were significant in the way they shaped development policy, disaster risk reduction policy and practice as well as humanitarian policy and practices and the tools and methods used in planning for and responding to catastrophes. The more fundamental question is whether, once adopted and implemented, the policy changes can be sustained. Findings show significant challenges in that regard.
Decolorization of reactive violet 5 dye in textile wastewater by electrocoagulation
Authors: Malinovic Borislav N. , Pavlovic Miomir G. 
Published: April 2016

<span lang="EN-US">The textile dyeing industry consumes large quantities of water and produces large volumes of wastewater from different steps in the dyeing and finishing processes. Wastewater from printing and dyeing units is often rich in color, containing residues of reactive dyes and chemicals, such as complex components. This study investigates the decolorization of synthetic dye wastewater containing textile dye Reactive Violet 5 (RV5) by electrocoagulation. A laboratory batch reactor was used to investigate the effect of various operating parameters using aluminium (Al), iron (Fe) and stainless steel (SS) anode. The effect of dye concentration, current density, supporting electrolyte, sup­porting electrolyte concentration, electrolysis duration, and material of anode of the systems were evaluated. Color removal efficiency was 22, 91.5 and 99.8 % in 15 minutes using Al, Fe and SS anode, respectively (j = 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, c<sub>NaCl </sub>= 0.171 M).</span>
Editorial
Authors: Anderson Maria Inez Padula , Falk João Werner 
Published: April 2016

“Pesquiso para constatar, constatando, intervenho, intervindo educo e me educo. Pesquiso para saber o que ainda não conheço e comunicar ou anunciar a novidade”.“... Afinal, minha presença no mundo não é a de quem a ele se adapta mas, a de quem a ele se insere. É a posição de quem luta para não ser apenas objeto, mas sujeito também da História.”Paulo Freire, 1996Nada melhor do que consultar Paulo Freire, esse mestre dos mestres, para buscar inspiração para escrever, com muita alegria, este editorial de relançamento da Revista Científica da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina de Família e Comunidade - SBMFC.Relançamento porque esta sociedade chegou a produzir uma edição em 1987.Muitas coisas, fatos e histórias transcorreram, desde então, com a SBMFC e com a Medicina de Família e Comunidade no Brasil. Mudamos de nome, mas não de propósitos. Quase fomos extintos, mas continuamos vivos. Quase perdemos a esperança, mas não desistimos. Aliás, desistir jamais, tem sido o nosso lema.Muitos, mesmo nos tempos mais difíceis, continuaram o trabalho, nas suas unidades assistenciais, nas academias, atendendo à população, formando pessoas, produzindo, se inserindo, não apenas aceitando a condição de objeto, como ensina o mestre.Muitos continuaram pesquisando, publicando, participando ativamente de eventos científicos, fazendo seus mestrados, doutorados, enfim mantendo viva nossa história.Isto permitiu que, decorridos 18 anos, pudéssemos, após a recente reativação plena da Sociedade, tenhamos realizado dois congressos brasileiros, muitos outros eventos estaduais e, agora, relançar esta revista na oportunidade do 6o Congresso Brasileiro de Medicina de Família e Comunidade, e, também, do 6o Congresso de Medicina Familiar – Região Mercosul - da Confederação Ibero Americana de Medicina Familiar – CIMF/WONCA.Que esta publicação, ao lado de todas as outras atividades da SBMFC, possa significar uma contribuição para a construção de uma prática médica mais humana, integradora e compreensiva acerca dos fenômenos que envolvem a complexidade do processo saúde – adoecimento.Que tenhamos consciência que a pesquisa não é um “elemento revestido de neutralidade e freqüentemente tem sido subserviente à ideologia dominante, a quem sustenta e solidifica, seja justificando sua existência, seja perpetuando um modo determinado de analisar e investigar um conjunto de práticas e procedimentos” (Ricardo Donato, 1983).E por último, mas não menos importante, que saibamos a força que podemos ter ao colaborar para construir um conhecimento socialmente e politicamente mais adequado à realidade das pessoas, principalmente num país ainda em desenvolvimento, pois “... os oprimidos, para se libertarem necessitam de uma teoria de sua ação”. (Paulo Freire, 1970)Parabéns e uma vida longa e útil para a revista e para todos nós! Desistir jamais! Maria Inez Padula Anderson João Werner FalkPresidente do 6o Congresso Brasileiro de Presidente da SBMFCMedicina de Família e Comunidade
Aplicação do Pensamento Sistêmico no Trabalho em Saúde da Família
Authors: Wagner Hamilton Lima , Wagner Angela Beatriz Papaleo , Talbot Yves R. 
Published: April 2016

Contexto: Trabalhar em saúde da família é abranger um contexto integral da atenção a saúde, em todos os seus aspectos, onde o referencial biológico se mostra um paradigma inadequado, deixando muitas exceções sem uma explicação adequada. Neste contexto os autores buscaram na teoria sistêmica uma explicação mais abrangente para o seu trabalho junto a comunidade. Material e Método: Foi feita uma revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, e aplicado na prática de trabalho da Unidade de Saúde Vila Verde da Prefeitura Municipal de Curitiba um modelo de atendimento sistêmico. Conclusão: A prática da atenção integral, baseada no paradigma do pensamento sistêmico, parece mudar a relação da equipe de saúde com a comunidade, alterando o modelo de atendimento de demanda a doença para um modelo que além da necessidade sentida promove atividades comunitárias e atende a necessidades correlatas à saúde.
Hospitalizações entre crianças e adolescentes no território de abrangência de um serviço de Atenção Primária à saúde
Authors: Lenz Maria Lucia Medeiros , Flores Rui , Pires Norma Vieira , Stein Airton Tetelbom 
Published: April 2016

A hospitalização, além de sofrimento familiar importante, é um evento de custo elevado para o sistema de saúde; além disso, ela pode ser, muitas vezes, prevenida no nível ambulatorial. Oobjetivo deste estudo foi identificar o percentual de hospitalizações por condições sensíveis à atenção ambulatorial (CSAA) que se referem àquelas em que a atenção efetiva e a tempo podem evitar internação. Foram estudadas 3.329 hospitalizações em menores de 19 anos, ocorridas nos anos de 2001 a 2004, em quatro hospitais do SUS, principais referências para uma população de áreas adscritas de um serviço de Atenção Primária em Saúde (APS). Análises univariadas e multivariadas foram empregadas para verificar associação entre variáveis independentes e a ocorrência de hospitalizações por CSAA. Identificou-se uma taxa anual de hospitalização de 2,9%. As doenças do aparelho respiratório são o grupo de causa mais freqüente (36%), seguido do grupo das perinatais (14%), infecciosas e parasitárias (10%), do aparelho digestivo (9%) e das causas externas (6%). As reinternações corresponderam a 16% do total de internações. A taxa de hospitalização por CSAA foi de 35,6%, variando de 25% a 43% entre as Unidades de APS. As variáveis relacionadas à maior ocorrência de hospitalizações por este motivo foram: idade de um a quatro anos (p<0,01), ter ido direto para o hospital porque a Unidade estava fechada (p=0,04) ou pela gravidade do caso (p=0,03). O estudo indica a necessidade de incrementar ações de vigilância às hospitalizações por CSAA, que ocorrem com maior freqüência nos meses de inverno, às crianças de um a nove anos, por apresentarem-se mais vulneráveis à hospitalização por essas condições, e às reinternações, não reduzidas nos últimos quatro anos.
Advanced TiAl Based Alloys: From Polycrystals to Polysynthetic Twinned Single Crystals
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Chu Liangli , Yu Maolin , Guo Wanlin , Zhang Zhuhua 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTiAl alloys stand out for low density, high specific strength, and excellent creep resistance, making them promising for high‐temperature aerospace applications. However, traditional TiAl alloys suffer from poor room‐temperature ductility and low service temperature that limit their critical applications in aerospace structures. To address these issues, research has focused on improving the mechanical properties of TiAl alloys through alloying and microstructural design. After decades of effort, the evolution of TiAl alloys has progressed from polycrystalline TiAl to high‐performance polysynthetic twinned (PST) TiAl single crystals. The well‐aligned PST TiAl single crystals enriched with Nb enable an excellent combination of strength and ductility, significantly outperforming polycrystalline TiAl alloys. This review summarizes recent progress on TiAl alloys, particularly focusing on newly developed PST single crystals. First, the development history of TiAl alloys is overviewed; then their crystal structures, phase diagrams, and typical microstructures are systematically discussed, along with the design strategies based on alloying elements. Additionally, recent advances in TiAl columnar crystals, which are between polycrystals and single crystals, are reviewed. Subsequently, the mechanical anisotropy, preparation methods, and superior mechanical properties of the PST single crystals are analyzed in detail. The final remark highlights the future development and application prospects of TiAl alloys.
Enhancement of Transverse Thermoelectric Conversion by Interface‐Induced Spin Current in Ferromagnetic Metal/Nonmagnetic Insulator Hybrid‐Structure
Authors: Itoh Takuma , Kozuka Yusuke , Hirai Takamasa , Uchida Ken‐ichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTransverse thermoelectric conversion phenomena including the anomalous Ettingshausen effect (AEE) and anomalous Nernst effect (ANE) in magnetic materials are actively investigated to realize versatile cooling and energy harvesting technologies. However, further improvement of the thermoelectric performance of AEE and ANE is still required, and most research efforts have focused on material exploration. Here, a new approach to improve the transverse thermoelectric conversion performance through interface engineering is reported by focusing on the transverse thermoelectric phenomena that output heat currents. A longitudinal charge current in a ferromagnetic metal Ni/nonmagnetic insulator Bi2WO6 hybrid‐structure induces a larger transverse heat current than that of AEE in a Ni single‐layer. It is indicated that the enhancement of the transverse thermoelectric conversion is due to the generation of a heat current concomitant with a spin current induced at the Ni/Bi2WO6 interface. This finding demonstrates that the interface of a magnetic metal/nonmagnetic insulator has a potential to improve the transverse thermoelectric performance, extending the applicability of nonmagnetic insulators to the field of spin caloritronics and thermoelectrics.
High Spatiotemporal Resolution Biomimetic Thermoreceptors Realizing by Jointless p‐n Integration Thermoelectric Composites
Authors: Chen Chengzhi , Liu Zijian , Guo Liangchao , Huo Bingchen , Sun Qi , Liang Lirong , Du Chunyu , Chen Guangming 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHuman body temperature is a critical physiological indicator, reflecting metabolism and temperature regulation. Biomimetic temperature sensors with high temporal and spatial resolution are highly desired to emulate human skin's temperature perception capabilities. Here, a selective filtration method is proposed to fabricate a jointless p‐n thermoelectric module, integrating p‐type and n‐type materials with minimal interfacial barriers. The structure enables rapid response, minimal signal variation, and a robust linear relationship between open circuit voltage and temperature difference, making it suitable as a biomimetic thermoreceptor for enhancing humanoid robots with intelligent sensing capabilities. A smart thermoelectric sensing system with a high temporal and spatial resolution is developed using with jointless p‐n module as the sensing element. In temporal thermal sensing, the sensing system can timely and effectively identify the heat source, with a fast response time of <0.1 s. In addition, in spatial thermal sensing, the system reliably detects thermal stimuli within discrete regions of each measuring area of <1 × 1 cm2. This study provides an effective strategy for temperature sensors in thermoelectric sensing and biomimetic thermoreceptor applications.