bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tuning magnetic properties for domain wall pinning via localized metal diffusion
Authors: Jin T. L. , Ranjbar M. , He S. K. , Law W. C. , Zhou T. J. , Lew W. S. , Liu X. X. , Piramanayagam S. N. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractPrecise control of domain wall displacement in nanowires is essential for application in domain wall based memory and logic devices. Currently, domain walls are pinned by creating topographical notches fabricated by lithography. In this paper, we propose localized diffusion of non-magnetic metal into ferromagnetic nanowires by annealing induced mixing as a non-topographical approach to form pinning sites. As a first step to prove this new approach, magnetodynamic properties of permalloy (Ni80Fe20) films coated with different capping layers such as Ta, Cr, Cu and Ru were investigated. Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR), and anisotropy magnetoresistance (AMR) measurements were carried out after annealing the samples at different temperatures (T
an
). The saturation magnetization of Ni80Fe20 film decreased, and damping constant increased with T
an
. X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy results confirmed increased diffusion of Cr into the middle of Ni80Fe20 layers with T
an
. The resistance vs magnetic field measurements on nanowires showed intriguing results.
Emergent wave phenomena in coupled elastic bars: from extreme attenuation to realization of elastodynamic switches
Authors: Chen Qianli , Elbanna Ahmed 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMetamaterials with acoustic and elastic band gaps are of great interest to scientists and engineers. Here, we introduce a novel mechanism for emergence of multiple band gaps with extreme attenuation by coupling continuous one-dimensional elastic structures. We show that it is possible to develop extreme attenuation at several frequencies from coupling two homogenous bars of different elastodynamic properties even though each bar individually possesses no such gaps. Moreover, if each bar is a composite on its own, multiple resonant band gaps appear in the compound system which do not exist in either bar. We verify our results by conducting numerical simulations for the elastodynamic response and show that the resonant gaps are efficient in attenuating wave propagation. Furthermore, we show that by carefully tailoring the properties of the coupled bars we may construct elastodynamic signal choppers. These results open a new gate for designing Metamaterial with unique wave modulation properties.
Notoginsenoside R1 Alleviates Oxygen–Glucose Deprivation/Reoxygenation Injury by Suppressing Endoplasmic Reticulum Calcium Release via PLC
Authors: Wang Yan , Tu Liu , Li Yingbo , Chen Di , Liu Zhao , Hu Xuelian , Wang Shali 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAs documented in our previous study, notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) can inhibit neuron apoptosis and the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated pro-apoptotic proteins in hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy. Recent evidence indicates that the Phospholipase C (PLC)/inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is important for the regulation of Ca2+ release in the ER. Ca2+ imbalance can stimulate ER stress, CAMKII, and cell apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the neuroprotective effect of NGR1 and elucidate how NGR1 regulates ER stress and cell apoptosis in the oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) model. Cells were exposed to NGR1 or the PLC activator m-3M3FBS. Then, IP3R- and IP3-induced Ca2+ release (IICR) and activation of the ER stress and CaMKII signal pathway were measured. The results showed that NGR1 inhibited IICR and strengthened the binding of GRP78 with PERK and IRE1. NGR1 also alleviated the activation of the CaMKII pathway. Pretreatment with m-3M3FBS attenuated the neuroprotective effect of NGR1; IICR was activated, activation of the ER stress and CaMKII pathway was increased, and more cells were injured. These results indicate that NGR1 may suppress activation of the PLC/IP3R pathway, subsequently inhibiting ER Ca2+ release, ER stress, and CaMKII and resulting in suppressed cell apoptosis.
Very high density EEG elucidates spatiotemporal aspects of early visual processing
Authors: Robinson Amanda K. , Venkatesh Praveen , Boring Matthew J. , Tarr Michael J. , Grover Pulkit , Behrmann Marlene 
Published: November 2017

AbstractStandard human EEG systems based on spatial Nyquist estimates suggest that 20–30 mm electrode spacing suffices to capture neural signals on the scalp, but recent studies posit that increasing sensor density can provide higher resolution neural information. Here, we compared “super-Nyquist” density EEG (“SND”) with Nyquist density (“ND”) arrays for assessing the spatiotemporal aspects of early visual processing. EEG was measured from 128 electrodes arranged over occipitotemporal brain regions (14 mm spacing) while participants viewed flickering checkerboard stimuli. Analyses compared SND with ND-equivalent subsets of the same electrodes. Frequency-tagged stimuli were classified more accurately with SND than ND arrays in both the time and the frequency domains. Representational similarity analysis revealed that a computational model of V1 correlated more highly with the SND than the ND array. Overall, SND EEG captured more neural information from visual cortex, arguing for increased development of this approach in basic and translational neuroscience.
Potassium Regulation in Medaka (Oryzias latipes) Larvae Acclimated to Fresh Water: Passive Uptake and Active Secretion by the Skin Cells
Authors: Horng Jiun-Lin , Yu Li-Lu , Liu Sian-Tai , Chen Po-Yen , Lin Li-Yih 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMolecular mechanisms of Na+, Cl−, and Ca2+ regulation in ionocytes of fish have been well investigated. However, the regulatory mechanism of K+ in fishes has been largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of K+ regulation in medaka larvae acclimated to fresh water. Using a scanning ion-selective electrode technique (SIET) to measure the K+ fluxes at skin cells, significant K+ effluxes were found at ionocytes; in contrast, significant K+ influxes were found at the boundaries between keratinocytes. High K+ water (HK) acclimation induced the K+ effluxes at ionocytes and suppressed the K+ influxes at keratinocytes. The K+ effluxes of ionocytes were suppressed by VU591, bumetanide and ouabain. The K+ influxes of keratinocytes were suppressed by TAP. In situ hybridization analysis showed that mRNA of ROMKa was expressed by ionocytes in the skin and gills of medaka larvae. Quantitative PCR showed that mRNA levels of ROMKa and NKCC1a in gills of adult medaka were upregulated after HK acclimation. This study suggests that medaka obtain K+ through a paracellular pathway between keratinocytes and extrude K+ through ionocytes; apical ROMKa and basolateral NKCC1a are involved in the K+ secretion by ionocytes.
Social adversity and epigenetic aging: a multi-cohort study on socioeconomic differences in peripheral blood DNA methylation
Authors: Fiorito Giovanni , Polidoro Silvia , Dugué Pierre-Antoine , Kivimaki Mika , Ponzi Erica , Matullo Giuseppe , Guarrera Simonetta , Assumma Manuela B. , Georgiadis Panagiotis , Kyrtopoulos Soterios A. , Krogh Vittorio , Palli Domenico , Panico Salvatore , Sacerdote Carlotta , Tumino Rosario , Chadeau-Hyam Marc , Stringhini Silvia , Severi Gianluca , Hodge Allison M. , Giles Graham G. , Marioni Riccardo , Karlsson Linnér Richard , O’Halloran Aisling M. , Kenny Rose A. , Layte Richard , Baglietto Laura , Robinson Oliver , McCrory Cathal , Milne Roger L. , Vineis Paolo 
Published: November 2017

AbstractLow socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with earlier onset of age-related chronic conditions and reduced life-expectancy, but the underlying biomolecular mechanisms remain unclear. Evidence of DNA-methylation differences by SES suggests a possible association of SES with epigenetic age acceleration (AA). We investigated the association of SES with AA in more than 5,000 individuals belonging to three independent prospective cohorts from Italy, Australia, and Ireland. Low SES was associated with greater AA (β = 0.99 years; 95% CI 0.39,1.59; p = 0.002; comparing extreme categories). The results were consistent across different SES indicators. The associations were only partially modulated by the unhealthy lifestyle habits of individuals with lower SES. Individuals who experienced life-course SES improvement had intermediate AA compared to extreme SES categories, suggesting reversibility of the effect and supporting the relative importance of the early childhood social environment. Socioeconomic adversity is associated with accelerated epigenetic aging, implicating biomolecular mechanisms that may link SES to age-related diseases and longevity.
Nanoscale investigation of enhanced electron field emission for silver ion implanted/post-annealed ultrananocrystalline diamond films
Authors: Panda Kalpataru , Hyeok Jeong Jin , Park Jeong Young , Sankaran Kamatchi Jothiramalingam , Balakrishnan Sundaravel , Lin I.-Nan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSilver (Ag) ions are implanted in ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films to enhance the electron field emission (EFE) properties, resulting in low turn-on field of 8.5 V/μm with high EFE current density of 6.2 mA/cm2(at an applied field of 20.5 V/μm). Detailed nanoscale investigation by atomic force microscopy based peak force-controlled tunneling atomic force microscopy (PF-TUNA) and ultra-high vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) based current imaging tunneling spectroscopy (CITS) reveal that the UNCD grain boundaries are the preferred electron emission sites. The two scanning probe microscopic results supplement each other well. However, the PF-TUNA measurement is found to be better for explaining the local electron emission behavior than the STM-based CITS technique. The formation of Ag nanoparticles induced abundant sp2nanographitic phases along the grain boundaries facilitate the easy transport of electrons and is believed to be a prime factor in enhancing the conductivity/EFE properties of UNCD films. The nanoscale understanding on the origin of electron emission sites in Ag-ion implanted/annealed UNCD films using the scanning probe microscopic techniques will certainly help in developing high-brightness electron sources for flat-panel displays applications.
Rapid resetting of human peripheral clocks by phototherapy during simulated night shift work
Authors: Cuesta Marc , Boudreau Philippe , Cermakian Nicolas , Boivin Diane B. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA majority of night shift workers have their circadian rhythms misaligned to their atypical schedule. While bright light exposure at night is known to reset the human central circadian clock, the behavior of peripheral clocks under conditions of shift work is more elusive. The aim of the present study was to quantify the resetting effects of bright light exposure on both central (plasma cortisol and melatonin) and peripheral clocks markers (clock gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PBMCs) in subjects living at night. Eighteen healthy subjects were enrolled to either a control (dim light) or a bright light group. Blood was sampled at baseline and on the 4th day of simulated night shift. In response to a night-oriented schedule, the phase of PER1 and BMAL1 rhythms in PBMCs was delayed by ~2.5–3 h (P < 0.05), while no shift was observed for the other clock genes and the central markers. Three cycles of 8-h bright light induced significant phase delays (P < 0.05) of ~7–9 h for central and peripheral markers, except BMAL1 (advanced by +5h29; P < 0.05). Here, we demonstrate in humans a lack of peripheral clock adaptation under a night-oriented schedule and a rapid resetting effect of nocturnal bright light exposure on peripheral clocks.
Genomic data reveal a loss of diversity in two species of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys) following a volcanic eruption
Authors: Hsu Jeremy L. , Crawford Jeremy Chase , Tammone Mauro N. , Ramakrishnan Uma , Lacey Eileen A. , Hadly Elizabeth A. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMarked reductions in population size can trigger corresponding declines in genetic variation. Understanding the precise genetic consequences of such reductions, however, is often challenging due to the absence of robust pre- and post-reduction datasets. Here, we use heterochronous genomic data from samples obtained before and immediately after the 2011 eruption of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex in Patagonia to explore the genetic impacts of this event on two parapatric species of rodents, the colonial tuco-tuco (Ctenomys sociabilis) and the Patagonian tuco-tuco (C. haigi). Previous analyses using microsatellites revealed no post-eruption changes in genetic variation in C. haigi, but an unexpected increase in variation in C. sociabilis. To explore this outcome further, we used targeted gene capture to sequence over 2,000 putatively neutral regions for both species. Our data revealed that, contrary to the microsatellite analyses, the eruption was associated with a small but significant decrease in genetic variation in both species. We suggest that genome-level analyses provide greater power than traditional molecular markers to detect the genetic consequences of population size changes, particularly changes that are recent, short-term, or modest in size. Consequently, genomic analyses promise to generate important new insights into the effects of specific environmental events on demography and genetic variation.
Distinct neural substrates of visuospatial and verbal-analytic reasoning as assessed by Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices
Authors: Chen Zhencai , De Beuckelaer Alain , Wang Xu , Liu Jia 
Published: November 2017

AbstractRecent studies revealed spontaneous neural activity to be associated with fluid intelligence (gF) which is commonly assessed by Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices, and embeds two types of reasoning: visuospatial and verbal-analytic reasoning. With resting-state fMRI data, using global brain connectivity (GBC) analysis which averages functional connectivity of a voxel in relation to all other voxels in the brain, distinct neural correlates of these two reasoning types were found. For visuospatial reasoning, negative correlations were observed in both the primary visual cortex (PVC) and the precuneus, and positive correlations were observed in the temporal lobe. For verbal-analytic reasoning, negative correlations were observed in the right inferior frontal gyrus (rIFG), dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and temporoparietal junction, and positive correlations were observed in the angular gyrus. Furthermore, an interaction between GBC value and type of reasoning was found in the PVC, rIFG and the temporal lobe. These findings suggest that visuospatial reasoning benefits more from elaborate perception to stimulus features, whereas verbal-analytic reasoning benefits more from feature integration and hypothesis testing. In sum, the present study offers, for different types of reasoning in gF, first empirical evidence of separate neural substrates in the resting brain.
Atomistic simulation of the measurement of mechanical properties of gold nanorods by AFM
Authors: Reischl Bernhard , Rohl Andrew L. , Kuronen Antti , Nordlund Kai 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMechanical properties of nanoscale objects can be measured with an atomic force microscope (AFM) tip. However, the continuum models typically used to relate the force measured at a certain indentation depth to quantities such as the elastic modulus, may not be valid at such small scales, where the details of atomistic processes need to be taken into account. On the other hand, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of nanoindentation, which can offer understanding at an atomistic level, are often performed on systems much smaller than the ones studied experimentally. Here, we present large scale MD simulations of the nanoindentation of single crystal and penta-twinned gold nanorod samples on a silicon substrate, with a spherical diamond AFM tip apex. Both the sample and tip sizes and geometries match commercially available products, potentially linking simulation and experiment. Different deformation mechanisms, involving the creation, migration and annihilation of dislocations are observed depending on the nanorod crystallographic structure and orientation. Using the Oliver-Pharr method, the Young’s moduli of the (100) terminated and (110) terminated single crystal nanorods, and the penta-twinned nanorod, have been determined to be 103 ± 2, 140 ± 4 and 108 ± 2 GPa, respectively, which is in good agreement with bending experiments performed on nanowires.
Non-destructive evaluation of UV pulse laser-induced damage performance of fused silica optics
Authors: Huang Jin , Wang Fengrui , Liu Hongjie , Geng Feng , Jiang Xiaodong , Sun Laixi , Ye Xin , Li Qingzhi , Wu Weidong , Zheng Wanguo , Sun Dunlu 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe surface laser damage performance of fused silica optics is related to the distribution of surface defects. In this study, we used chemical etching assisted by ultrasound and magnetorheological finishing to modify defect distribution in a fused silica surface, resulting in fused silica samples with different laser damage performance. Non-destructive test methods such as UV laser-induced fluorescence imaging and photo-thermal deflection were used to characterize the surface defects that contribute to the absorption of UV laser radiation. Our results indicate that the two methods can quantitatively distinguish differences in the distribution of absorptive defects in fused silica samples subjected to different post-processing steps. The percentage of fluorescence defects and the weak absorption coefficient were strongly related to the damage threshold and damage density of fused silica optics, as confirmed by the correlation curves built from statistical analysis of experimental data. The results show that non-destructive evaluation methods such as laser-induced fluorescence and photo-thermal absorption can be effectively applied to estimate the damage performance of fused silica optics at 351 nm pulse laser radiation. This indirect evaluation method is effective for laser damage performance assessment of fused silica optics prior to utilization.
Cleavage of poly(A)-binding protein by duck hepatitis A virus 3C protease
Authors: Sun Di , Wang Mingshu , Wen Xingjian , Cheng Anchun , Jia Renyong , Sun Kunfeng , Yang Qiao , Wu Ying , Zhu Dekang , Chen Shun , Liu Mafeng , Zhao Xinxin , Chen Xiaoyue 
Published: November 2017

AbstractDuring viral infections, some viruses subvert the host proteins to promote the translation or RNA replication with their protease-mediated cleavage. Poly (A)-binding protein (PABP) is a target for several RNA viruses; however, the impact of duck hepatitis A virus (DHAV) on PABP remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time that DHAV infection stimulates a decrease in endogenous PABP and generates two cleavage fragments. On the basis of in vitro cleavage assays, an accumulation of PABP cleavage fragments was detected in duck embryo fibroblast (DEF) cell extracts incubated with functional DHAV 3C protease. In addition, DHAV 3C protease was sufficient for the cleavage of recombinant PABP without the assistance of other eukaryotic cellular cofactors. Furthermore, using site-directed mutagenesis, our data demonstrated a 3C protease cleavage site located between Q367 and G368 in duck PABP. Moreover, the knockdown of PABP inhibited the production of viral RNA, and the C-terminal domain of PABP caused a reduction in viral replication compared to the N-terminal domain. Taken together, these findings suggested that DHAV 3C protease mediates the cleavage of PABP, which may be a strategy to manipulate viral replication.
Association of rs6983267 at 8q24, HULC rs7763881 polymorphisms and serum lncRNAs CCAT2 and HULC with colorectal cancer in Egyptian patients
Authors: Shaker Olfat G. , Senousy Mahmoud A. , Elbaz Eman M. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe impact of HULC rs7763881 on colorectal cancer (CRC) susceptibility is not yet known. Also, the biological function of the cancer-related rs6983267 remains unclear. We investigated the association of these SNPs with the risk of CRC and adenomatous polyps (AP), their correlation with CCAT2 and HULC expression, and the potential of serum CCAT2 and HULC as biomarkers for CRC. 120 CRC patients, 30 AP patients, and 96 healthy controls were included. Genotyping and serum lncRNAs were assayed by qPCR. Studied SNPs were not associated with AP susceptibility. rs6983267 GG was associated with increased CRC risk, whereas rs7763881 AC was protective. rs7763881 and rs6983267 CT haplotype was protective. Serum CCAT2 and HULC were upregulated in CRC and AP patients versus controls and discriminated these groups by ROC analysis. rs6983267 GG and rs7763881 AA patients demonstrated higher serum CCAT2 and HULC compared with GT/TT and AC, respectively. rs6983267 and serum HULC predicted CRC diagnosis among non-CRC groups (AP + controls) by multivariate analysis. Studied SNPs or serum long noncoding RNAs weren’t correlated with nodal or distant metastasis. In conclusion, rs6983267 and rs7763881 are potential genetic markers of CRC predisposition and correlate with serum CCAT2 and HULC, two novel potential non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for CRC.
Recognition of a likely two phased extinction at the K-Pg boundary in Antarctica
Authors: Tobin Thomas S. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe southernmost Cretaceous – Paleogene (K-Pg) outcrop exposure is the well-studied exposure on Seymour Island, Antarctica. Deposition across the K-Pg boundary there is uninterrupted, and as a consequence the ammonite fossil record is commonly used to test statistical methods of evaluating mass extinctions to account for the incompleteness of the fossil record. Numerous detailed fossil data sets from Seymour Island, comprised dominantly of mollusks, have been published over the last 30 years, but in most cases have not received statistical treatment. Here a previously published statistical technique is modified, automated, and applied to all published macrofossil data sets available from Seymour Island. All data sets reveal likely evidence of two separate multi-species extinctions, one synchronous with bolide impact evidence at the K-Pg boundary, and another 45 ± 15 meters (~140–290 ky) below the boundary. The apparent earlier extinction primarily affects benthic mollusks, while the boundary extinction primarily affects ammonites. While there is no unique sedimentological change over the interval where the earlier extinction is identified, it is impossible to exclude the possibility that this pattern is stratigraphically controlled. The automation of this technique allows it to be applied easily to other large fossil data sets.