bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics to the Prediction of Flow Generated Noise: Part 2: Turbulence-Based Prediction Technique
Authors: Mak C M , Oldham D J 
Published: January 2017

In this paper an engineering approach is followed to investigate the feasibility of developing a method in which information provided by standard CFD turbulence models can be employed as the basis of an airflow noise prediction technique. To this end, experimental results obtained by previous investigators have been processed and compared with CFD predictions. The turbulence-based predictive technique investigated was based on the relationship between the acoustic power radiated due to the interaction of airflow and a spoiler and the turbulent kinetic energy generated in the region of the spoiler. The sound power level of regenerated noise determined experimentally was related to the turbulent kinetic energy in the vicinity of spoiler provided by CFD simulations of the relevant configurations. A collapse of the data from the simulation models was obtained against the experimental data. The data collapse for a particular spoiler was generally excellent for the higher Strouhal numbers but was less good at lower Strouhal numbers where considerable scatter was observed.
Plastic Design of Steel Arches
Authors: Trahair N.S. , Pi Y-L. , Clarke M.J. , Papangelis J.P. 
Published: January 2017

The in-plane failure modes of steel arches range from the extremes of plastic collapse for stocky arches with significant bending actions to elastic buckling for slender arches in uniform compression. Between these extremes, failure involves an interaction between plastic collapse and elastic buckling which depends on the arch profile, support conditions, loading, and slenderness, and is influenced by geometrical imperfections and residual stresses.Few design codes give methods for designing steel arches against in-plane failure. The methods that are used are essentially based either on the buckling strengths of equivalent columns, or on the use of moment amplification or second-order elastic analysis and the attainment of a limiting stress. Any method based solely on elastic analysis and a limiting stress is necessarily conservative for stocky arches with negligible stability effects, since it ignores the often substantial redistributions that take place after first yield.This paper discusses the use of the method of plastic collapse analysis for the in-plane design of steel arches.
The Generalized Conforming Element (GCE) — Theory and Applications
Authors: Long Yuqiu , Long Zhifei , Xu Yin 
Published: January 2017

The concept of generalized conforming elements and their applications to membrane, plate and shell problems are introduced in this paper. The generalized conforming element method proposed by the first author in 1987 provides a simple and efficient means to deal with structural problems, especially the C1continuous problems.In the first part of this paper, the theoretical basis of GCE is presented. GCE is a limiting-conforming element which is non-conforming in coarse meshes but tends to be conforming in the limiting case of refined meshes. It is formulated based on the modified potential energy principle and the concept of generalized compatibility conditions. It is a new way to construct the finite elements — combined application of the energy method and the weighted residual method.In the second part of this paper, various models of GCE are illustrated. A series of generalized conforming elements with excellent performance have been constructed, that is, thin and thick plate bending GCE, membrane GCE with drilling freedoms and thin shell GCE.
The Environmental Perspective in the 1999 Nigerian Constitution
Authors: Okon Emmanuel E. 
Published: January 2017

Environmental degradation is bound to increase as long as human population increases and new technologies are invented. In order to arrest the problems of environmental degradation, a number of approaches have been adopted. Among such approaches are the integration of environmental protection policies into development programmes, enactment of comprehensive legislation on all segments of environment and the inclusion of environmental provisions in the constitutions of most countries. Unfortunately, while some countries make their constitutional provisions on environment enforceable, others do not. In Nigeria, indirect environmental provisions were first made part of the constitution in the 1979 Constitution. In 1999, direct environmental provision was entrenched in the 1999 Constitution. Unfortunately, Chapter II of the 1999 Constitution, which contains the environmental provisions, is unenforceable. While the Nigerian courts have done nothing tangible to enforce the provisions of the constitution on environment, on the other hand, the Indian courts have taken positive steps to enforce provisions of the Indian Constitution on environment. In conclusion, apart from other suggestions made, it is strongly recommended that Nigerian courts should emulate the efforts made by Indian courts to enforce provisions of the Indian Constitution on environment. The world has moved far away from the era when it was believed that the only rights which a government is called upon to guarantee and protect are the natural rights of man. By living in nation-states and in organised communities, man has acquired new rights, which are now regarded by many civilised countries as just as inalienable as those rights with which nature endows him at birth. The right to education and work are among such rights. Increasingly important in some countries is the addition of the right to a decent and healthy environment to these newly acquired rights.1
Family Responses to Donor Designation in Donation Cases: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dodd-McCue Diane , Cowherd Robin , Iveson Amy , Myer Kevin 
Published: January 2017

Context A 2001 state law reinforced donors' rights by mandating that donor consent be strictly honored. One concern was the potentially negative impact of donor designation notification on donor families. Objectives To examine donor families' responses to donor designation. Design Descriptive nonexperimental design spanning July 1999 to September 2004. Setting State served by organ procurement organization. Data Results from surveys completed by 569 donor families, including 162 surveys from designated donor families. Main Outcome Measures Previous discussions, designation awareness, information helpful, information stress, awareness of meaning of donation, and comfort with designation decision. Results The majority (79%) of designated donor families reported their loved ones had discussed donation with them; of these families, 86% were aware of donor designation, and 83% understood what donation entailed. The majority (75%) thought information about loved ones' donor designation was helpful, and only 8% found it stressful. In contrast, 18% of families of nondesignated donors said being approached about donation was stressful after the law was strengthened. However, over 80% of all donor families were comfortable with the donation decision. Conclusions The results fail to support the assumption that donor families perceive donor designation notification as negative and stressful. The majority of designated donor families report relief and reduced stress, compared to families approached for donation. The findings suggest that strengthening donor designation legislation can lead to positive results for donor families and donation recipients.
Medication Adherence after Heart Transplantation: Adolescents and Their Issues
Authors: McAllister Sara , Buckner Ellen B. , White-Williams Connie 
Published: January 2017

Context Medication nonadherence among adolescent heart transplant recipients can have overwhelming negative consequences including rejection and mortality. Because of issues specific to adolescents such as peer pressure, risk taking, independence, self-image, and self-esteem, they are a population susceptible to nonadherence. Adherence may be associated with a supportive environment, fewer physical and cosmetic side effects, and a sufficient knowledge of therapies. Adherence also may be related to regimens with fewer medications, predominantly fewer immunosuppressive drugs. Objective To examine the differences in motivation between adolescents who are more adherent and those who are less adherent to their medication regimen following transplant surgery. Design A descriptive design and mixed methodology, including a modified written survey, the Frazier Noncompliance Inventory; a self-report measure of overall medication adherence; and an interview designed by the investigator. Interview questions were reviewed for content validity by nurse clinicians and researchers. Setting A heart transplant follow-up clinic in the southeastern United States. Results Findings for 2 participants revealed striking contrasts in adolescent issues and factors affecting adherence. These findings are presented in a case comparison. Data show that a supportive environment and knowledge of medications were significant in increasing self-responsibility and adherence in adolescent transplant recipients. Also, experiencing rejection early in treatment because of less adherence led to increased adherence for fear of further rejections or death.
Caregivers of Lung Transplant Candidates: Do They Benefit When the Patient is Receiving Psychological Services?
Authors: Rodrigue James R. , Widows Michelle R. , Baz Maher A. 
Published: January 2017

Background We recently demonstrated that a targeted psychological intervention has quality of life, mood, and social intimacy benefits for patients awaiting lung transplantation. Objective To evaluate the impact of the patient's participation in treatment on caregiver functioning. Design and Intervention Caregivers of patients participating in a randomized clinical trial designed to compare 2 telephone-based psychological interventions completed outcome measures at baseline and at 1 and 3 months after patients completed treatment. Patients were randomized to receive either supportive therapy (emotional and educational support) or quality-of-life therapy (a cognitive-behavioral intervention that provided specific intervention strategies to boost happiness and satisfaction in life domains that compromise overall quality of life). Caregivers did not participate directly in the interventions. Setting and Participants Participants were 28 caregivers from a large lung transplant center in the southeastern United States. Main Outcome Measures Quality of life (Quality of Life Inventory), mood disturbance (Profile of Mood States-Short Form), and social intimacy (Miller Social Intimacy Scale). Results and Conclusions Caregivers reported higher quality of life and lower mood disturbance scores, and comparable social intimacy scores relative to the patients for whom they were caring. Caregivers whose patients received quality-of-life therapy reported vicarious gains in quality of life, mood disturbance, and social intimacy, relative to those whose patients received support therapy. Finally, the degree of change in patients' quality of life, mood disturbance, and social intimacy contributed significantly to predicting caregivers' functioning at the 3-month follow-up assessment. These findings suggest that telephone-based quality-of-life therapy has beneficial effects that extend beyond patients to their caregivers.
Lung Transplantation in Adolescents and Young Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Yorke Janelle , Parle Michael , James Melveta , Gay Tatiana , Harkess Michelle , Glanville Allan 
Published: January 2017

Context Little is known about adolescents' and young adults' experience with cystic fibrosis while waiting for or after receiving a lung transplant. The psychological and psychosocial factors that may influence these patients' transplant outcomes are yet to be fully explored. Objective To explore the psychosocial impact of the lung transplant journey on adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis. Design A questionnaire-based pilot study was used to enable descriptive, comparative, and correlational analyses between pretransplant and posttransplant groups. Setting—A major lung transplant unit in Australia. Participants Twenty-seven patients (9 before and 18 after transplantation) participated in the study. The mean ages were 18.7 years (SD 4.2) and 22.6 years (SD 3.9) in the pretransplant and posttransplant groups, respectively. Results In all domains of the Short Form 36 except Mental Health and Social Functioning, the posttransplant group had significantly higher scores ( P < .05) compared to the pretransplant group. The Hospital and Anxiety and Depression Scale total Distress score in the posttransplant group was related to the number of rejection episodes ( r = 0.47, P = .049) as well as hospital admissions ( r = 0.51, P = .012). The number of rejection episodes was significantly related to patients' perceived level of self-efficacy ( P = .025), importance to health ( P = .001), and ease ( P = .10) of monitoring their symptoms. Conclusion This study provides some insight into the needs of adolescents and young adults with cystic fibrosis and the differences between those who are awaiting a transplant and those who have received a transplant. Assessing the young person's perceptions in relation to activities such as exercising, monitoring symptoms, and taking medications can give helpful insights into the transition phase, but require further research.
The Effect of Donor Factors on Human Islet Yield and Their in Vivo Function
Authors: Sabek Omaima M. , Cowan Patricia , Fraga Daniel W. , Gaber A. Osama 
Published: January 2017

Background A major problem in the islet field is the high selectivity exercised in accepting cadaveric pancreas for islet isolation. This practice is based on experience that indicates that islet yield and posttransplant function are related to donor demographics and injury mechanisms. Objective To examine factors influencing islets recovery and in vivo function with emphasis on donor-related factors. Methods Islets were isolated from 99 human donor pancreata, and islet yield was reported as islet equivalent per gram pancreatic tissue. Donor, procurement, and isolation factors were collected for each isolation and correlation statistics were performed between these variables and islet yield. Results Results indicated a differential effect of enzyme mixes on yield with 2 Collagenase P digestion most suitable for increased ischemic time ( R2 = 0.1; P < .08), Liberase with small donor pancreas size and elevated preprocurement glucose ( R2 = 0.15; P < .02), and Serva with female donors ( R2 = 0.17; P < .06). Islets from 29 isolations were further tested by transplantation under the kidney capsule of immune-deficient NOD-SCID mice. Although all 29 preparations had acceptable in vitro perfusion parameters indicating viability, only 19 functioned in vivo with serum levels of insulin >5 U/mL and C peptide >1.5 ng/mL. No significant differences in donor, procurement, and isolation factors were evident between the islet preparations that functioned in vivo and those that were nonfunctional. Conclusions These data demonstrate that although yield is affected by a variety of donor factors and enzyme mixes, these factors do not affect islet in vivo function.
Incorporating Quality of Life and Patient Satisfaction Measures into a Transplant Outcomes Assessment Program: Technical and Practical Considerations
Authors: Feurer Irene D. , Russell Robert T. , Pinson C. Wright 
Published: January 2017

Objective To present an overview of methods for incorporating the measurement of health-related quality of life and patient satisfaction into a comprehensive outcomes assessment program in the organ transplantation setting. An introduction to basic psychometric concepts as they relate to survey instrument selection is presented, and the complementary nature of health status instruments and preference-based utility measures is discussed. The role of these concepts and measures in a transplant outcomes assessment and research program and the psychometric evidence for selected instruments are described. Data Sources Descriptions of specific survey instruments were abstracted from published reports or manuals. Data describing the Vanderbilt Transplant Center Patient Satisfaction Inventory were derived from a single institution transplant outcomes research database. Study Selection and Data Extraction Previously reported research was selected from the literature to provide brief examples of basic concepts, which are not intended to be a comprehensive review of these topics. Illustrative data from the Vanderbilt program were extracted from a longitudinal database. Data Synthesis Data and published reports were synthesized for descriptive and illustrative purposes. Conclusions This review describes various types of health-related quality of life and patient satisfaction outcomes assessment tools and measurement methods; introduces considerations relevant to survey instrument selection and development; and outlines the evolution of and psychometric support for a transplant center-wide outcomes assessment and research program.
Direct Puncture and Sclerotherapy with Sotradecol®
Authors: Svendsen P.A. , Wikholm G. , Rodriguez M. , Enoksson P. , Frisén L. , Strömland K. , Seregard S. 
Published: January 2017

We evaluated sclerotherapy in the treatment of orbital lymphatic malformations. Six consecutive patients with unilateral orbital cystic masses and recurrent episodes of orbital swelling were included in this retrospective study. All have been treated with percutaneous puncture and injection of Sotradecol (sodium tetredecyl sulphate) under radiographic guidance, on one or more occasions. Reduction of orbital mass volume was documented clinically and radiologically within a few weeks in all cases. There was total regression of proptosis in three instances. There were no immediate complications. One subject suffered a presumably coincidental orbital hemorrhage two weeks after treatment. Follow-up times ranged between six months and four years. Sotradecol sclerotherapy appears to be a useful adjunct to the therapeutic arsenal for orbital lymphatic malformations.
MR Quantification of Flow in Children with Vein of Galen Malformations
Authors: Poskitt K. J. , Marotta T. , Culham G. , Xiang S. 
Published: January 2017

Vein of Galen vascular malformations are either Vein of Galen Aneurysmal malformations (VGAMs) or Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Dilatations (VGADs). VGAMs may be of the choroidal or mural type and are fistulas associated with the precursor of the vein of Galen. The treatment of VGAMs is aimed at controlling the size of the vascular shunt since it is believed that the shunt is responsible for venous hypertension, cardiac stress, delayed development and may be so large as to damage the brain. In VGAMs as noted by Berenstein and Lasjaunias. Absolute measures of flow may contribute to our understanding of CNS disease and permit objective measures of the success or failure of therapeutic interventions5. MR phase contrast cine angiographic techniques can be employed to measure bulk flow in intracranial vessels. Vein of Galen vascular malformations are an ideal model to measure venous flow as the draining vein is large and angiographic evaluation is limited. Thus our goal was to develop an objective non-invasive method of measuring vascular flow in VGAMs and VGADs6. Herein we report our experience using this technique in a group of patients with Vein of Galen vascular malformations. We also hypothesized that the degree of shunting would correlate to the degree of cardiac stress and be an indicator of optimal timing for intervention. We believe that we have succeeded in our goal to develop an objective, non-invasive method of shunt quantification using velocity encoded MR sequences. This promises new insight into the hemodynamics, natural history and treatment response of vascular malformations.
Spontaneous Occlusion of a Bilateral Post Traumatic Carotid Cavernous Fistula
Authors: Churojana A. , Chawalaparit O. , Chiewwit P. , Suthipongchai S. 
Published: January 2017

This report describes a rare occurrence of spontaneous closure of direct bilateral carotid cavernous fistula in a 62-year-old woman who had head injury. This was confirmed by clinical examination and subsequent angiogram. Partial thrombosis of bilateral superior ophthalmic veins was observed in the initial arteriography. This finding may be useful in prediction of spontaneous cure of carotid cavernous fistulas.
Transarterial Embolization of a Cervical Dural Arteriovenous Fistula
Authors: Ansari S.A. , Lassig J.P. , Nicol E. , Thompson B.G. , Gemmete J.J. , Gandhi D. 
Published: January 2017

We describe a case of a 75-year-old man who presented with acute onset of headache and subarachnoid hemorrhage and initial cerebral angiography was deemed “negative”. In retrospect, a faint contrast collection was present adjacent to the right vertebral artery at the C1 level suspicious for a small dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF). Follow-up angiography with selective micro-catheter injections of the right vertebral artery and C1 radicular artery confirmed a complex dAVF with characteristically specific venous drainage patterns associated with a subarachnoid hemorrhage presentation. Subsequently, the cervical dAVF was treated with superselective glue embolization resulting in complete occlusion. Cervical dAVFs are extremely rare vascular causes of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Both diagnostic angiography and endovascular treatment of these lesions can be challenging, especially in an emergent setting, requiring selective evaluation of bilateral vertebral arteries and careful attention to their cervical segments. Although only a single prior case of a cervical dAVF presenting with subarachnoid hemorrhage has been successfully treated with embolization, modern selective transarterial techniques may allow easier detection and treatment of subtle pathologic arteriovenous connections.
Bilateral Persistent Pharyngo-Stapedial Arteries Revealed during Evaluation of a Carotid-Cavernous Fistula
Authors: Jehl J. , Jeunet L. , Berraiah M. , Bonneville J.-F. 
Published: January 2017

A 33-year-old woman was evaluated for a right carotid-cavernous fistula revealed by a proptosis and chemosis of the right eye. The initial angiogram showed a left persistent pharyngo-stapedial artery (Ph-SA). A temporal bone CT suggested bilateral pharyngo-stapedial artery persistence. The right Ph-SA was not opacified in the first angiogram because of the high degree of shunting in the fistula. Four months later the patient was admitted for treatment of the carotid-cavernous fistula. In the meantime, the fistula had altered, with spontaneous thrombosis of the ophthalmic vein, and decrease of the vascular steal, explaining that the right Ph-SA was clearly visible on the angiogram performed during the procedure. The carotid-cavernous fistula was completely occluded with five detachable coils. The follow-up included 3 Tesla MR angiography that showed complete closure of the fistula with preservation of the right ICA and bilateral persistent pharyngo-stapedial arteries.