bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The molecular tumor board as a step in cancer patient management: a southern Italian experience
Authors: Tommasi Stefania , Maurmo Leonarda , Rizzo Alessandro , Carella Claudia , Ranieri Girolamo , De Summa Simona , Mannavola Francesco , Chiurì Vincenzo Emanuele , Guida Michele , Nisi Claudia , Montrone Michele , Giotta Francesco , Patruno Margherita , Lacalamita Rosanna , Pilato Brunella , Zito Francesco Alfredo , Fucci Livia , Coppola Claudio Antonio , Ditonno Paolo , Nardulli Patrizia , Quaresmini Davide , Strippoli Sabino 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionThe management of cancer patients follows a Diagnostic Therapeutic and Care Pathway (PDTA) approach, aimed at achieving the optimal balance between care and quality of life. To support this process, precision medicine and innovative technologies [e.g., next-generation sequencing (NGS)] allow rapid identification of genetic-molecular alterations useful for the design of PDTA-approved therapies. If the standard approach proves inadequate, the Molecular Tumor Board (MTB), a group comprising specialists from diverse disciplines, can step in to evaluate a broader molecular profile, proposing potential therapies beyond evidence levels I–II or considering enrolment in clinical trials. Our aim is to analyze the role of the MTB in the entire management of patients in our institute and its impact on the strategy of personalized medicine, particularly when all approved treatments have failed.Materials and methodsIn alignment with European and national guidelines, a panel of clinicians and preclinical specialists from our institution was defined as the MTB core team. We designed and approved a procedure for the operation of this multidisciplinary group, which is the only one operating in the Puglia region.Results and discussionIn 29 months (2021–2023), we discussed and analyzed 93 patients. A total of 44% presented pathogenic alterations, of which 40.4% were potentially actionable. Only 11 patients were proposed for enrollment in clinical trials, treatment with off-label drugs, or AIFA (the Italian pharmaceutical agency for drugs)—5% funding. Our process indicators, time to analysis, and number of patient cases discussed are in line with the median data of other European institutions. Such findings underscore both the importance and usefulness of the integration of an MTB process into the care of oncology patients.
Investigation of a linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis outbreak in a French hospital: phenotypic, genotypic, and clinical characterization
Authors: Lépine Nadège , Bras-Cachinho José , Couratin Eva , Lemaire Coralie , Chaufour Laura , Junchat Armelle , Lartigue Marie-Frédérique 
Published: September 2024

PurposeWe aimed to retrospectively investigate an outbreak of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (LRSE), at Tours University Hospital between 2017 and 2021.MethodsTwenty of the 34 LRSE isolates were included in the study. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method and MICs of last-resort antibiotics were determined using broth microdilution or Etest®. Seventeen of the 20 resistant strains were sent to the French National Reference Centre for Staphylococci to determine the mechanism of resistance to linezolid. The clonal relationship between LRSE strains was assessed by PFGE and the sequence type determined by MLST. We retrospectively evaluated a new typing tool, IR-Biotyper®, and compared its results to PFGE to evaluate its relevance for S. epidermidis typing. Medical records were reviewed, and antibiotic consumption was determined. Search for a cross transmission was performed.ResultsAll LRSE strains showed high levels of resistance to linezolid (MICs ≥ 256 mg/L) and were multi-drug resistant. Linezolid resistance was associated with the 23S rRNA G2576T mutation and none of the 17 strains analyzed carried the cfr gene. Ninety-five percent of the 20 LRSE studied strains were genetically related and belonged to sequence-type ST2. The dendrogram obtained from IR-Biotyper® showed 87% congruence with the PFGE analysis. Prior to isolation of the LRSE strain, 70% of patients received linezolid. No patients stayed successively in the same room.ConclusionLinezolid exposure may promote the survival and spread of LRSE strains. At Tours University Hospital, acquisition of the resistant clone may also have been triggered by hand-to-hand transmission by healthcare workers. In addition, IR-Biotyper® is a promising typing tool for the study of clonal outbreaks due to its low cost and short turnaround time, although further studies are needed to assess the optimal analytical parameters for routine use.
Identification of circulating metabolites linked to the risk of breast cancer: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Xiaosheng , Huang Huai , Zou Mengjie , Luo Honglin , Liu Tianqi , Zhu Shaoliang , Ye Bin 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate potential causal relationships between circulating metabolites and breast cancer risk using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.Materials and MethodsSummary-level genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets for 249 circulating metabolites were obtained from the UK Biobank. GWAS datasets for estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) and estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer were acquired from previous studies based on the Combined Oncoarray. Instrumental variables (IVs) were selected from single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with circulating metabolites, and MR analyses were conducted using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method as the primary analysis, with additional sensitivity analyses using other MR methods. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the association of circulating metabolites with breast cancer risk.ResultsThe IVW analysis revealed significant causal relationships between 79 circulating metabolites and ER + breast cancer risk, and 10 metabolites were significantly associated with ER-breast cancer risk. Notably, acetate (OR = 1.12, P = 0.03), HDL cholesterol (OR = 1.09, P &lt; 0.001), ration of omega-6 fatty acids to total fatty acids ratio (OR = 1.09, P = 0.01), and phospholipids in large LDL (OR = 1.09, P &lt; 0.001) were linked to an increased risk of ER + breast cancer, while linoleic acid (OR = 0.91, P &lt; 0.001) monounsaturated fatty acids (OR = 0.91, P &lt; 0.001), and total lipids in LDL (OR = 0.91, P &lt; 0.001) were associated with a decreased risk. In ER-breast cancer, glycine, citrate, HDL cholesterol, cholesteryl esters in HDL, cholesterol to total lipids ratio in very large HDL, and cholesterol in large LDL were associated with an increased risk, while the free cholesterol to total lipids in very large HDL was linked to a decreased risk.ConclusionThis MR approach underscores aberrant lipid metabolism as a key process in breast tumorigenesis, and may inform future prevention and treatment strategies. To further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and explore the potential clinical implications, additional research is warranted to validate the observed associations in this study.
Elucidating the role of 4-hydroxy-2(3H)-benzoxazolone in chronic alcoholic liver disease via transcriptomics and metabolomics
Authors: Lu Jun-Fei , Xing Shang-Ping , Wei Xia , Yang Chun-Xia , Zhao Gen-Shi , Ma Xiao-Lin , Sun Xue-Mei , Guo Hong-Wei , Su Zhi-Heng , Fang Bin , Lin Jun , Liu Yan-Ying , Zhu Dan 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundChronic alcoholic liver disease (CALD) is a global health problem which includes multiple pathological processes such as immune inflammation and oxidative stress. 4-hydroxy-2(3H)-benzoxazolone (HBOA), an alkaloid isolated from Acanthus ilicifolius L, has been shown to exert hepatoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. However, its effects on CALD remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of HBOA on CALD.MethodsRats were administered alcohol by gavage continuously for 12 weeks to establish the CALD model, and then treated with HBOA by gavage for 4 weeks. Transcriptomics and metabolomics were used to predict the potential mechanisms of the effects of HBOA on CALD. Liver histology and function, oxidative stress, inflammatory cytokines, and the TLR4/NF-κB pathway components were evaluated.ResultsHBOA significantly improved alcohol-induced liver injury and steatosis. It decreased the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6), and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione [GSH], and glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]). Western blotting confirmed that HBOA treatment largely diminished NF-κBp65 nuclear translocation. Comprehensive transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses indicated that HBOA regulated the glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway to achieve therapeutic effects in rats with CALD.ConclusionHBOA has a therapeutic effect on rats with CALD. Its mechanism of action mainly affects the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway to promote lipid metabolism homeostasis by regulating the expression of Etnppl, Gpcpd1, and Pla2g4c. In addition, it may also inhibit the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby reducing the immune-inflammatory response.
Effects of occlusion pressure on hemodynamic responses recorded by near-infrared spectroscopy across two visits
Authors: Desanlis Julien , Gordon Dan , French Chloe , Calveyrac Camille , Cottin François , Gernigon Marie 
Published: September 2024

Ischemic Preconditioning (IPC) has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate the impact of hypoxia on physiological functions. However, the heterogeneity of occlusion pressures for inducing arterial occlusion has led to inconsistent hemodynamic outcomes across studies. This study aims to evaluate the peripheral hemodynamic responses to partial and total blood-flow occlusions on the left arm at rest, using absolute or individualized pressures, on two occasions. Thirty-five young males volunteered to participate in this study. IPC procedure (3 × 7-min) was performed on the left upper arm with cuff pressures at 50 mmHg (G1), 50 mmHg over the systolic blood pressure (SBP + 50 mmHg) (G2) or 250 mmHg (G3). NIRS-derived parameters were assessed for each occlusion and reperfusion phase in the brachioradialis. Results showed a significantly lower magnitude of deoxygenation (TSIAUC) for G1 compared to G2 (−1959.2 ± 1417.4 vs. −10908.1 ± 1607.5, P &lt; 0.001) and G3 -1959.2 ± 1417.4 vs. −11079.3 ± 1828.1, P &lt; 0.001), without differences between G2 and G3. However, G3 showed a significantly faster reoxygenation only for tissue saturation index (TSIslope) compared to G2 (1.3 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2, P = 0.010), but without differences in the speed of recovery of deoxyhemoglobin [(HHb) slope], or in the magnitude of post-occlusive hyperemia (PORH). Besides TSI reoxygenation speed, G2 and G3 elicit comparable resting hemodynamic responses measured by NIRS. Thus, this study highlights the practicality and effectiveness of using relative occlusion pressures based on systolic blood pressure (SBP) rather than relying on excessively high absolute pressures.
Knowledge, attitude, and practices of adolescents and peer educators in relation to the components of the National Adolescent Health Program in India: findings from a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Nayak Gayatri , Bahl Deepika , Bassi Shalini , Maity Heeya , Mason-Jones Amanda J. , Arora Monika , Dutta Ambarish 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundAdolescence is a critical period of growth and development. Many adverse health outcomes in adulthood begin during adolescence, often due to insufficient knowledge and attitudes resulting from a lack of education. Therefore, appropriate knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding various aspects of health are essential for holistic adolescent and lifelong health. In India, the Rashtriya Kishore Swasthya Karyakram (RKSK or National Adolescent Health Strategy) has utilized an innovative peer-education approach to engage with adolescents and improve their KAPs. Amid limited evidence, we aimed to assess the KAP of adolescents regarding the six themes of the RKSK, with a particular focus on the status of peer educators (PEs). Our objective was to evaluate these aspects disaggregated by sex and to examine how engagement with the RKSK peer-education program influenced their KAP.MethodsA cross-sectional survey of 238 peer educators and 2885 adolescents enrolled under peer educators was conducted in two localities; Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra states. KAPs were estimated using descriptive statistics then disaggregated by gender. Practice scores of nutrition and non-communicable disease (NCD) were modelled upon engagement with RKSK (graded as 0, 1, 2, 3).ResultsKnowledge was highest regarding substance misuse and lowest in the domains of sexual and reproductive health, and violence and injury. PEs possessed greater knowledge in most domains as compared to adolescents enrolled under them. Attitudes toward abstention from substance misuse were positive, whereas attitudes toward injury and violence, and sexual health, were suboptimal. Boys exhibited better practices related to NCDs, while their nutritional practices were comparatively worse than girls. The RKSK engagement was associated with better nutritional practices: adjusted relative risks (RRs) being 1.04 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.94–1.15), 1.12 (1.04–1.21), and 1.21 (1.13–1.31), respectively, for engagement scores 1, 2, and 3 with reference to score 0. The relationship between RKSK engagement and NCD-related practices was restricted to the top engagement group.ConclusionThe knowledge regarding sexual health, and injury and violence, was grossly deficient in adolescents. These components must be prioritized in the program because they are critical for health not only across the life course of individuals but also across generations. However, the RKSK engagement was associated with better practices in a variety of domains, which should be leveraged in the future.
Health equity in COVID-19 testing among patients of a large national pharmacy chain
Authors: Singh Tanya , Smith-Ray Renae L. , Ogunkoya Elijah , Shah Amy , Harris Daniel A. , Hayes Kaleen N. , Mor Vincent 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundSeveral social determinants of health and other structural factors drive racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 risk, morbidity, and mortality. Public-private collaborations with community pharmacies have been successful in expanding access to COVID-19 testing and reaching historically underserved communities. The objectives of this study were to describe individuals who sought testing for COVID-19 at a national community pharmacy chain and to understand potential racial and ethnic inequities in testing access, positivity, and infection with emerging variants of concern.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study of individuals aged ≥18 who were tested for COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) at a Walgreens pharmacy or Walgreen-affiliated mass testing site between May 1, 2021 and February 28, 2022. Positivity was defined as the proportion of positive tests among all administered tests. A geographically balanced random subset of positive tests underwent whole genome sequencing to identify specific viral variants (alpha, delta, and omicron). Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare the likelihood of testing positive and testing positive with an emerging variant of concern across race and ethnicity groups.ResultsA total of 18,576,360 tests were analyzed (16.0% tests were positive for COVID-19; 59.5% of tests were from White individuals and 13.1% were from Black individuals). American Indian or Alaska Native (OR = 1.12; 95%CI = 1.10–1.13), Hispanic or Latino (1.20; 95%CI = 1.120, 1.21), and Black (1.12; 95%CI = 1.12, 1.13) individuals were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 compared to White individuals. Non-White individuals were also more likely to test positive for emerging variants of concern (e.g., Black individuals were 3.34 (95%CI = 3.14–3.56) times more likely to test positive for omicron compared to White individuals during the transition period from delta to omicron).DiscussionUsing a national database of testing data, we found racial and ethnic differences in the likelihood of testing positive for COVID-19 and testing positive for emerging viral strains. These results demonstrate the feasibility of public-private collaborations with local pharmacies and pharmacy chains to support pandemic response and reach harder to reach populations with important health services.
Impact of reduced group size on patient adherence and functional outcomes in cardiac rehabilitation: insights from a COVID-19 pandemic natural experiment
Authors: Chait Rachael M. , Ossi Julia , Colbert Brett M. , Huang Eric , Gilchrist Juliann , Garcia Thais , Andrade-Bucknor Sharon , Seixas Azizi 
Published: September 2024

IntroductionCardiac rehabilitation (CR) adherence and functional outcomes were measured after COVID-19 regulations reduced group sizes to one-on-one, modeling a natural experiment.MethodsA retrospective analysis using a natural experiment model measured participants in 12 weeks of CR during the 17 months before and after a COVID-19-related closure was conducted. The age, sex, race, ethnicity, and referral diagnoses of the pre-COVID-19 closure and post-COVID-19 closure groups were analyzed using a student's unpaired T-test. Adherence (completion rate of CR) and functional outcomes [change in six-minute walk test (6MWT)] were assessed between the two groups using unpaired two-tailed student T tests in GraphPad Prism and confidence intervals were calculated with the Baptista-Pike method.ResultsThere were 204 patients in the pre-COVID-19 group and 51 patients in the post-COVID-19 group, due to the smaller group sizes in the post-COVID-19 group, with no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the groups. The pre-COVID-19 group had a higher patient-to-provider ratio [2.8 patients/provider (SD 0.74)] relative to the post-COVID-19 group [0.4 patients/provider (SD 0.12); p &lt; 0.0001]. The post-COVID-19 group had a higher completion rate than pre-COVID-19 group [75% vs. 21%; OR 10.9 (95% CI, 5.3–21.3, p &lt; 0.0001)]. Among those that completed CR, there was no significant difference between groups in 6MWT improvement [+377.9 ft. (n = 47; SD 275.67 ft.) vs. +346.9 ft. (n = 38; SD 196.27 ft.); p = 0.59].DiscussionThe reduction in group size to one-on-one was associated with 10 times higher odds of CR completion. Among those that completed CR, functional outcomes were not influenced by group size. Thus, pursuit of one-on-one sessions may improve CR adherence.
Omega 3 Fatty Acids Attenuate the Acute Kidney Injury to CKD Transition and Renal Fibrosis
Authors: Tokumaru Kai , Imafuku Tadashi , Satoh Takao , Inazumi Tomoaki , Hirashima Shu , Nishinoiri Ayano , Nagasaki Taisei , Maeda Hitoshi , Sugimoto Yukihiko , Tanaka Motoko , Matsushita Kazutaka , Maruyama Toru , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: September 2024

Key Points

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevent AKI to CKD transition and renal fibrosis.Eicosapentaenoic acid metabolites 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 17,18-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid have antifibrotic effects.

Background
AKI is an established risk factor for developing CKD. Recently, the renoprotective effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω3PUFAs) has attracted attention. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of ω3PUFAs on the transition of AKI to CKD and to identify fatty acid active metabolites in renal tissue.

Methods
Two mice models of the AKI to CKD transition (7-week, male) and unilateral ureteral obstruction–induced renal fibrosis (11-week, male) were fed linseed oil, rich in ω3PUFAs (Lin group), or with soybean oil, low in ω3PUFAs (Soy group). Renal fatty acids and metabolites composition in mice were measured by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Rat renal fibroblast cells were used for in vitro study.

Results
At day 14 after 35 minutes of bilateral renal ischemia reperfusion, significant increase in survival was observed in the Lin group compared with the Soy group. Using the 30-minute bilateral renal ischemia–reperfusion model (AKI to CKD model), the Lin group showed attenuated renal tissue damage and fibrosis. In addition, the antifibrotic effect of the Lin group was also observed in the unilateral ureteral obstruction renal fibrosis model. In the two mice models, levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and its metabolites were significantly elevated in renal tissue of mice fed with Lin. Cultured NRK-49F incubated with EPA and its metabolites 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 17,18-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid displayed suppressed TGF-β1–stimulated α-smooth muscle actin protein expression. These effects were suppressed in the presence of an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 involved in EPA metabolism. This observation suggests that the EPA metabolites have antifibrotic effects.

Conclusions

ω3PUFAs prevent the AKI to CKD transition and renal fibrosis. Moreover, the EPA metabolites 18-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 17,18-epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid, and 17,18-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid were found to have antifibrotic effects.
Metacognición en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en estudiantes de secundaria
Authors: Belmar Mellado Marta Ester , Rojas Andías Claudia , Paukner Nogues Fraño Ivo , Acuña González Juan Carlos , Domínguez Maldonado Julio César 
Published: September 2024

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprender el aporte de la metacognición al aprendizaje de las matemáticas en estudiantes de educación secundaria. Para ello, se desarrolló una revisión bibliográfica de los últimos 10 años, con un universo de 193 artículos obtenidos de diferentes bases de datos. De ellos, se seleccionaron 15
artículos de las bases de datos ProQuest y Scielo. La investigación se desarrolló con un enfoque cualitativo donde se obtuvieron resultados en relación con las habilidades metacognitivas, los procesos metacognitivos y las estrategias de aprendizaje. Con base a esta revisión, se concluyó que la metacognición es fundamental en el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en secundaria, ya que posibilita la autorreflexión del propio proceso favoreciendo aprendizajes significativos.