bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Powerful Inference with the D-Statistic on Low-Coverage Whole-Genome Data
Authors: Soraggi Samuele , Wiuf Carsten , Albrechtsen Anders 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe detection of ancient gene flow between human populations is an important issue in population genetics. A common tool for detecting ancient admixture events is the D-statistic. The D-statistic is based on the hypothesis of a genetic relationship that involves four populations, whose correctness is assessed by evaluating specific coincidences of alleles between the groups. When working with high-throughput sequencing data, calling genotypes accurately is not always possible; therefore, the D-statistic currently samples a single base from the reads of one individual per population. This implies ignoring much of the information in the data, an issue especially striking in the case of ancient genomes. We provide a significant improvement to overcome the problems of the D-statistic by considering all reads from multiple individuals in each population. We also apply type-specific error correction to combat the problems of sequencing errors, and show a way to correct for introgression from an external population that is not part of the supposed genetic relationship, and how this leads to an estimate of the admixture rate. We prove that the D-statistic is approximated by a standard normal distribution. Furthermore, we show that our method outperforms the traditional D-statistic in detecting admixtures. The power gain is most pronounced for low and medium sequencing depth (1–10×), and performances are as good as with perfectly called genotypes at a sequencing depth of 2×. We show the reliability of error correction in scenarios with simulated errors and ancient data, and correct for introgression in known scenarios to estimate the admixture rates.
Pas de deux: An Intricate Dance of Anther Smut and Its Host
Authors: San Toh Su , Chen Zehua , Rouchka Eric C , Schultz David J , Cuomo Christina A , Perlin Michael H 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The successful interaction between pathogen/parasite and host requires a delicate balance between fitness of the former and survival of the latter. To optimize fitness a parasite/pathogen must effectively create an environment conducive to reproductive success, while simultaneously avoiding or minimizing detrimental host defense response. The association between Microbotryum lychnidis-dioicae and its host Silene latifolia serves as an excellent model to examine such interactions. This fungus is part of a species complex that infects species of the Caryophyllaceae, replacing pollen with the fungal spores. In the current study, transcriptome analyses of the fungus and its host were conducted during discrete stages of bud development so as to identify changes in fungal gene expression that lead to spore development and to identify changes associated with infection in the host plant. In contrast to early biotrophic phase stages of infection for the fungus, the latter stages involve tissue necrosis and in the case of infected female flowers, further changes in the developmental program in which the ovary aborts and a pseudoanther is produced. Transcriptome analysis via Illumina RNA sequencing revealed enrichment of fungal genes encoding small secreted proteins, with hallmarks of effectors and genes found to be relatively unique to the Microbotryum species complex. Host gene expression analyses also identified interesting sets of genes up-regulated, including those involving stress response, host defense response, and several agamous-like MADS-box genes (AGL61 and AGL80), predicted to interact and be involved in male gametophyte development.
Clinical study of typhoid ileal perforation and determination of preferred operative procedure in its management in Gandhi medical college and associated Hamidia hospital of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Jain Sandeep , Patbamniya Naveen Kumar , Kanwar Krishna , Damor Mahendra 
Published: December 2017

Background: To analyze clinical and operative findings in typhoid ileal perforation and determining preferred operative procedure.Methods: All clinically suspected typhoid ileal perforation is classified into three categories depending on history, clinical and intraoperative findings (CAT I, CAT II, CAT III). All patients undergone surgical repair. Patient outcome in terms of complications, morbidity and mortality were compared to define the best procedure for Typhoid ileal perforationResults: Out of 105 patients, majorities were less than 30 years and were males (4:1). Most common presentation being pain abdomen (100%), followed by fever (85.71%) while signs of peritonitis are present in all patients (100%) and majority patients had septicemia (77.14%) (TLC count >11,000 or <4,000) on presentation. 82 (78.09%) patients were Widal positive. Among CAT I (n=47), majority require primary repair (n=27; 57.44%) followed by resection anastomosis (n=14; 29.78%) and ileostomy (n=5; 10.63%) while among CAT II (n=38), majority require ileostomy (n=12; 31.57%) followed by resection anastomosis (n=5; 13.5%), whereas in CAT III (n=20), most patients require Ileostomy (n=14; 70%). Overall complications are more with CAT III (n=12; 60%) compared to CAT I (n=08; 17%) and CAT II (n=10; 26.31%) (p<0.001). Wound infection being most common complication (n=24; 22.85%), while fecal fistula more common with resection anastomosis (n=5; 21.73%) followed by primary repair (n=7; 14.89%). Mortality maximum with CAT III patients (n=6; 30%) (p<0.05). Stoma related complications mostly seen in CAT III. Among CAT II, two patients (5.2%) develop intra-abdominal abscess and two patients (5.2%) undergone stoma revision.Conclusions: Primary repair and resection anastomosis are safer in CAT I while ileostomy is safer surgery in CAT III and CAT II. Resection anastomosis should be avoided in higher categories in fear of fecal fistula and related complications.
Retrospective study of white blood cell count and hematocrit in dengue fever
Authors: Narasimhan Denesh , Katragadda Silpita , Sathish M. 
Published: December 2017

Background: Dengue is an extremely important tropical disease transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito. Aim of the study: to study the white blood cell levels in serologically proven dengue cases; to study hematocrit levels in cases of dengue fever.Methods: The present study is a retrospective observational analysis of white blood cell count (WBC count) and hematocrit in 235 serologically proven Dengue cases admitted in the years 2011-2012Results: 107 cases (45.5%) had leukopenia, 111 cases (47.2%) had normal WBC counts and 12 cases had leukocytosis (5.1%). 23 cases had increased hematocrit (9.8%), 76 cases had a low hematocrit (32.3%) and 128 cases had a normal hematocrit (54.5%).Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients had leukopenia which may be an early marker of dengue infection. Only a small percentage of patients had raised hematocrit. It may be that rise from baseline levels of haematocrit which may be more significant than absolute values.
Audiological evaluation in between patients with type 1 tympanoplasty alone and type 1 tympanoplasty with cortical mastoidectomy
Authors: Swamy K. Mallikarjuna , Ganiger Arati 
Published: December 2017

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Evaluation of success of tympanoplasty depends on various host and surgical factors has been subject of interest for many years and still continues to be challenge</span><span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Present study was undertaken to observe results of type I tympanoplasty using tragal cartilage and perichondrium with temporalis fascia grafts using endomeatal and postauricular approach. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Study group comprises of 30 patients in Group A and B operated by tympanoplasty type I by endomeatal and postauricular techniques. Success was 96.3% in Group A and 94.7% in Group B for closure of membrane perforation.<strong> </strong>During postoperative period average time taken for wound healing was 23 days in Group A and 35 days in Group B. Preoperative and postoperative assessment of hearing performed with pure tone audiometry revealed an average hearing loss of 36.50 dB in Group A before surgery and postoperative assessment at end of 1 year revealed hearing improvement of 14.23 dB. In Group B preoperative assessment revealed hearing loss of 38.23 dB lowered to 15.12 dB after surgery. When hearing improvement in both groups were compared preoperatively and postoperatively, in Group A there was improvement of 22.27 dB while in Group B was 23.11 dB. The hearing improvements in both the groups appear to be similar when the results were compared. In present study overall success rate was 89.7% which is comparable to outcome of surgery performed with post auricular approach with temporalis fascia graft which is 91.3%. When postoperative complications were studied it was observed that Group A had fewer numbers of complications as over Group B which was documented in Table 2. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> <span lang="EN-IN">Success of tympanoplasty depends on several host and surgical factors. Tragal perichondrium appears as proven alternate for closure of perforation of tympanic membrane. Cosmetically endomeatal approach appears promising over post auricular approach.</span></p>
The Development of Thematic Learning Model to Improve Students’ Character in an Integrated Learning of Religion Education and Environment Towards Students in Adiwiyata School
Authors: Assahary Salman Man , Barlian Edi , Nurdin Syafruddin , Zulmuqim Mr. 
Published: December 2017

This research is aimed at developing thematic learning model to improve students’ character in an integrated learning of religion education and environment towards students in Adiwiyata school. Respondents in this research are grade 4th students of Elementry School 02 and Elementry School 04 Tarandam area of Padang City of West Sumatera Province in Indonesia.The method used in this research is combining Borg & Gall and Dick & Carey l model. To see the effectiveness of the model, the researcher conducted three tests. They are 1-1 test, small test, and field trials test. There tests are used to figure out the students’ character. The results of this research show that the thematic instructional model improved students’ character with overall average score is 84,08 for the grade 4th students in the two schools. In other words, it can be concluded that thematic learning model is effective for improving students’ character in integrative of learning of religion education and enviroment for students who study at Adiwiyata school in Tarandam area of Padang City as above.
Choosing IT Platforms In The Age Of Stuxnet
Authors: Dadashzadeh Mohammad 
Published: December 2017

This paper addresses the question of choosing/investing in IT (hardware/software) platforms that avoid quick obsolescence and the underlying dilemmas of choosing proprietary software versus open source software, and opting for managed services such as public cloud computing versus in-house hardware/communication infrastructures. These dilemmas in strategic information systems planning have become more significant in light of the recent revelations of security backdoors in commercial software, encryption backdoors in communication software, and governmental access to private data on managed services for national security reasons. This paper considers enterprise-wide challenges and strategies for adopting open source software/hardware in response to these security concerns.
Withdrawn: Combined treatment of organic material in oilfield fracturing wastewater by coagulation and UV/H2O2/ferrioxalate complexes process
Authors: Ge Dan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Water Science and Technology issues a formal withdrawal in relation to the above article by Dan Ge. This decision has been taken on behalf of the author as due to a communication failure the paper had already been published. As a result of this the paper has been withdrawn.
Efflux pumps genes of clinical origin are related to those from fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans isolates from environmental water
Authors: Monapathi M. E. , Bezuidenhout C. C. , Rhode O. H. J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Efflux pumps coded for by CDR1, CDR2, FLU1 and MDR1 genes could be responsible for the observed resistant phenotypes in azole-resistant Candida albicans from environmental water. This was demonstrated for clinical isolates. The aim of this study was to determine the presence and genetic similarity between efflux pump genes from clinical and environmental C. albicans isolates. Yeasts were isolated and identified using 26S rRNA gene sequencing. Disk diffusion tests were conducted. PCR was used to detect the presence of efflux genes. The fragments were sequenced and subjected to BLAST and subsequent phylogenetic analysis. Thirty seven C. albicans were identified from five selected rivers; Mooi River (19 isolates), Harts River (9 isolates), Marico River (5 isolates), Crocodile River (3 isolates) and Schoonspruit River (1 isolate). All the isolates were completely resistant to azoles. Efflux pump genes were detected in most (≥60%) of the isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed high sequence similarity between sequences from environmental isolates and clinical isolates. Resistance to the azoles and the detection of efflux pump genes renders these antifungal agents ineffective. This is a major problem, particularly for the immune-compromised sector of the community of the North West Province and warrants further investigation.
Risk Assessment in Patients With Diabetes With the TIMI Risk Score for Atherothrombotic Disease
Authors: Bergmark Brian A. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Braunwald Eugene , Morrow David A. , Steg Ph. Gabriel , Gurmu Yared , Cahn Avivit , Mosenzon Ofri , Raz Itamar , Bohula Erin , Scirica Benjamin M. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVE
Improved risk assessment for patients with type 2 diabetes and elevated cardiovascular (CV) risk is needed. The Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) Risk Score for Secondary Prevention (TRS 2°P) predicts a gradient of risk in patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI) but has not been evaluated in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
CV event rates were compared by baseline TRS 2°P in 16,488 patients enrolled in SAVOR-TIMI 53 (Saxagliptin Assessment of Vascular Outcomes Recorded in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus–Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 53) with type 2 diabetes and high CV risk or established CV disease. Calibration was tested in the diabetes cohort from the REACH (REduction of Atherothrombosis for Continued Health) Registry.

RESULTS
TRS 2°P revealed a robust risk gradient for the composite of CV death, MI, and ischemic stroke in the full trial population, with 2-year event rates of 0.9% in the lowest- and 19.8% in the highest-risk groups (Ptrend &lt; 0.001). A clear risk gradient was present within the subgroups of all coronary artery disease (CAD), CAD without prior MI, CAD with prior MI, peripheral artery disease, and prior stroke (Ptrend &lt; 0.001 for each), with consistent risk relationships across subgroups. The C-statistic (0.71 for CV death and 0.66 for the composite end point) was consistent in each subgroup. There was close calibration with the type 2 diabetes cohort from the REACH Registry (goodness-of-fit P = 0.78).

CONCLUSIONS
The expanded TRS 2°P provides a practical and well-calibrated risk prediction tool for patients with type 2 diabetes.
Student Actions and Community in Online Courses: The Roles Played By Course Length and Facilitation Method
Authors: Demmans Epp Carrie , Phirangee Krystle , Hewitt Jim 
Published: December 2017

Fostering a strong sense of community among students within online courses is essential to supporting their learning experience. However, there is little consensus about how different facilitation methods influence students’ sense of community or behaviours. This lack of understanding means instructors do not have the information they need to select an appropriate facilitation method when teaching online. This challenge is further complicated by a poor sense of how community building is influenced by the length of an online course. To better understand the relationship between these factors, we explored students’ sense of community across four graduate-level online courses. Two of these courses employed an instructor-led form of facilitation and two employed a peer-led form of facilitation. For each facilitation method, one course lasted an entire term (12 weeks) and the other lasted half a term (6 weeks). This two-by-two between-subjects design enabled the study of both variables and possible interaction effects. The findings revealed students in instructor-facilitated courses experienced a stronger sense of community. Longer courses were also associated with a stronger sense of community, although the relationship was weaker than that of facilitation. No interaction effects were detected between facilitation method and course length. Follow-up analyses examined the relationship between facilitation style, course length, and a set of twelve student behaviors (e.g., note writing, note reading, and replying). The results revealed that both facilitation style and course length were associated with differences in the length of students’ notes, the grade level of their text, and the frequency of their replies. Collectively, these findings offer evidence that both facilitation style and course length are related to students’ sense of community and the behaviors they exhibit online.
Best Practices Framework for Online Faculty Professional Development: A Delphi Study
Authors: Coswatte Mohr Sandra , Shelton Kaye 
Published: December 2017

Online learning is now a common practice in higher education. Because of the continued growth in enrollments, higher educational institutions must prepare faculty throughout their teaching tenure for learning theory, technical expertise, and pedagogical shifts for teaching in the online environment. This study presents best practices for professional development for faculty teaching online. In this study, the Delphi Method was used to gain consensus from a panel experts on the essentiality of professional development items to help faculty prepare for teaching in the online environment. This study included four survey rounds with a panel experts to develop consensus and identify best practices consisting of essential professional development and institutional/organizational strategies for supporting faculty teaching online. These results are significant for planning new or improving existing faculty development programs that enhance teaching and learning in the online classroom.
PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN GANDUM (Triticum aestivum L.) VARIETAS DEWATA DALAM POLYBAG PADA BERBAGAI POPULASI DAN KOMPOSISI MEDIA TANAM
Authors: Widyawati Nugraheni 
Published: December 2017

<p>Studies on the growth and yield performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. variety of Dewata) planted in polybag with various populations and media compositions, had been conducted in Faculty of Agriculture Satya Wacana Christian University field research, located at Salaran – Kopeng village, Semarang district, from April 2012 to August 2012. Location of the study lies at an altitude of 900 meters above the sea level. Purpose of this study were to determine the appearance of both the growth and yield of wheat grown in polybag with a various population densities and media composition, as well as to determine the combination of treatments that producing the highest yield of wheat. Factorial design used that was consisted of two factors, i.e: (1) growing gedia composition with four different volume ratio of sand, soil and manure (1:1:1), (1:1:0), (1:0:1) and (0:1:1), and (2) population densities consisted of four: 1 seeds per polybag; 2 seeds per polybag; 3 seeds per polybag and 4 seeds per polybag, so that there were 16 combinations of treatments. Each combination was repeated three times. Basic design of the experiments used Randomized Block Design. Experimental data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and high significant difference (HSD) test at 95% level of confidence. The conclusion of this study were: (1) Combination of treatment of population densities and composition of growing media influence on plant height, number of plants per cluster, panicle length, seed weight per panicle, seed weight per cluster and seed weight per polybag and (2) the highest seed weight per polybag was resulted in the density of population of 4 seeds per polybag and planting on mixed media of sand, soil and manure in the volume ratio of 1:1:1.</p>
ANALISIS BIAYA DAN PENDAPATAN USAHATANI PADI DI KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Barokah Umi , Rahayu Wiwit , Sundari Mei Tri 
Published: December 2017

<p>Rice is the food crop with the harvested area and production of the highest among other food crops in Karanganyar Regency. From year to year, its harvested area, production, and productivity tend to increase. These increments showed that rice farming is still in demand by farmers. This study aims to analyze the cost, revenue, and efficiency of rice farming in this regency. The study was conducted in 4 districts; Gondangrejo, Karanganyar, Jaten, and Jatipura. From each district were taken two villages. In total, there were 159 farm households sampled randomly. In average,<br />the revenue of rice farming in Karanganyar is Rp14,429,117.37/ha/year with yearly costs of Rp7,142,446.39/ha. The average annual income therefore reaches Rp7,286,670.98/ha. The value of rice farming efficiency is 2.02 indicating that rice farming in Karanganyar is worth the effort. </p>
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL KELUARGA BURUH MIGRAN DENGAN KESEDIAAN UNTUK BERINVESTASI
Authors: Wulansari Rina Damayanti , Hartono Georgius , Warsito Rukmadi 
Published: December 2017

<p>The purposes of this study are to determine: 1) the relationship between internal as well as external factors of Indonesian migrant workers’ family and their willingness to invest, 2) the types of investment made and the obstacles encountered, and 3) the amount of remittances received. The research was conducted in Pabelan and Tuntang Districts Semarang Regency by using explanatory research with quantitative and qualitative analyses approach. Data obtained from 80 respondents in earlier study entitled “Indonesian Labour Force: Roles and Impacht ono Rural Economy Central Jawa Province (2nd year)” and interviews with re-using 12 sampel of respondent. Spearman rank corelation and paired T-test at the confidence level of 95 percent were used to determine the magnitude of the relationship among assessed variables. </p><p>Results of this study indicate that the internal and external factors of migrant labors’ family were strongly related to their willingness to invest. The types of investment were building a firm and buying land, cars, cattle or house. Saving money and purchasing motorcycle were considered the<br />combination of investment and consumptive goods, and household variable are buying consumer goods for labour’s families migrant. The barriers were faced by families of migrant labours, there was the urgency of daily life needs, house improvements, school fees, labour’s departure-related<br />costs and other debts . The amount of remittances associated with the willingness to invest is different among migrant labors working in varied countries. This is resulted from the different wages<br />standard of each country of destination, labor’s departure fee discount, the working period, and the types of jobs abroad. </p>