bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On‐chip data strobe transmission with short‐circuit current protection scheme for dynamic random access memory
Authors: Lee Won‐Young , Jung Chae‐Young 
Published: October 2017

This Letter proposes an on‐chip data strobe transmission circuit for dynamic random access memory (DRAM). The on‐chip differential repeaters with cross‐coupled latches are adopted to prevent the sampling margin reduction. A node monitoring circuit has been proposed to prevent short‐circuit currents of the on‐chip differential repeaters and cross‐coupled latches caused by high impedance inputs. When compared with the conventional differential signalling, the proposed circuit can save the short‐circuit current of 6.2 mA per a single write operation. The chip has been fabricated in 350 nm CMOS technology and the active chip area is 0.189 mm2.
Effect of voltage unbalance and distortion on the loss characteristics of three‐phase cage induction motor
Authors: Zhang Dongdong , An Ruichi , Wu Thomas 
Published: October 2017

Voltage unbalance and distortion become one of the most common power quality problems in industrial utilities, which cause significant increase of the electromagnetic losses in induction motors. For energy saving of the induction motor system, there is a need for a detailed research of the loss characteristics of induction motor under unbalanced and distorted supply voltage. For accurate and fast prediction of the induction motor losses, this study proposes a method to identify rotor harmonics using the data from one supply cycle. The slip‐frequency rotor harmonics are determined by using the space‐time symmetrical characteristics of the induction motor. And based on a numerical method, the higher order harmonics of rotor flux density or current density are determined from data within one supply cycle. The electromagnetic losses are then calculated from those harmonics. With this method, the electromagnetic losses of a 5.5 kW induction motor under unbalanced and distorted supply voltage are calculated and analyzed. The proposed method and the analysis results are validated by comparing the predicted and measured motor losses of the 5.5 kW induction motor under different supply conditions.
HYDRO2GEN: Non-thermal hydrogen Balmer and Paschen emission in solar flares generated by electron beams
Authors: Druett M. K. , Zharkova V. V. 
Published: October 2017

Aim.Sharp rises of hard X-ray (HXR) emission accompanied by Hαline profiles with strong red-shifts up to 4 Å from the central wavelength, often observed at the onset of flares with the Specola Solare Ticinese Telescope (STT) and the Swedish Solar Telescope (SST), are not fully explained by existing radiative models. Moreover, observations of white light (WL) and Balmer continuum emission with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRISH) reveal strong co-temporal enhancements and are often nearly co-spatial with HXR emission. These effects indicate a fast effective source of excitation and ionisation of hydrogen atoms in flaring atmospheres associated with HXR emission. In this paper, we investigate electron beams as the agents accounting for the observed hydrogen line and continuum emission.Methods.Flaring atmospheres are considered to be produced by a 1D hydrodynamic response to the injection of an electron beam defining their kinetic temperatures, densities, and macro velocities. We simulated a radiative response in these atmospheres using a fully non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) approach for a 5-level plus continuum hydrogen atom model, considering its excitation and ionisation by spontaneous, external, and internal diffusive radiation and by inelastic collisions with thermal and beam electrons. Simultaneous steady-state and integral radiative transfer equations in all optically thick transitions (Lyman and Balmer series) were solved iteratively for all the transitions to define their source functions with the relative accuracy of 10−5. The solutions of the radiative transfer equations were found using the L2 approximation. Resulting intensities of hydrogen line and continuum emission were also calculated for Balmer and Paschen series.Results.We find that inelastic collisions with beam electrons strongly increase excitation and ionisation of hydrogen atoms from the chromosphere to photosphere. This leads to an increase in Lyman continuum radiation, which has high optical thickness, and after the beam is off it governs hydrogen ionisation and leads to the long lasting orders of magnitude enhancement of emission in Balmer and Paschen continua. The ratio of Balmer-to-other-continuum head intensities are found to be correlated with the initial flux of the beam. The height distribution of contribution functions for Paschen continuum emission indicate a close correlation with the observations of heights of WL and HXR emission reported for limb flares. This process also leads to a strong increase of wing emission (Stark’s wings) in Balmer and Paschen lines, which is superimposed on large red-shifted enhancements of Hα-Hγline emission resulting from a downward motion by hydrodynamic shocks. The simulated line profiles are shown to fit closely the observations for various flaring events.
Construction of Benzylic Stereogenic Carbon Centers through Enantioselective Arylation Reactions
Authors: Liu Ren-Rong , Liang Ren-Xiao , Jia Yi-Xia 
Published: October 2017

Compounds bearing chiral benzylic stereocenters are important and frequently occur in natural products and drug molecules. In this account, we discuss our recent results on the construction of ­benzylic stereogenic centers based on enantioselective arylation and related domino sequences, mainly including asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation reactions and asymmetric Heck reactions.1	Introduction2	The Catalytic Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation Reaction2.1	Reactions of Electron-Deficient Alkenes2.2	Reactions of Active Ketimines2.3	Reactions of Nitrones2.4	Reactions of Aziridines3	The Asymmetric Heck Reaction3.1	Dearomative Heck Reactions and Related Domino Sequences3.2	Heck Reactions of in situ Formed Enamines4	Conclusion and Outlook
Social Morbidity in Relation to Bowel Functional Outcomes and Quality of Life in Anorectal Malformations and Hirschsprung's Disease
Authors: Neuvonen Malla , Pakarinen Mikko , Rintala Risto , Kyrklund Kristiina 
Published: October 2017

Background Anorectal malformations (ARMs) and Hirschsprung's disease (HD) are chronic bowel conditions associated with varying degrees of fecal incontinence. We aimed to discuss the contemporary status of social morbidity associated with ARMs and HD in the long term after contemporary treatments.
Materials and Methods The bowel functional outcomes of our recent institutional series up to adulthood were reviewed and compared for ARMs and HD. The Rintala score was used to evaluate bowel function, which includes an assessment of the social effects of the condition. In this study, the social outcomes in our population of patients with ARMs and HD were specifically analyzed in relation to the surveyed functional outcomes, our previously collected data on quality of life (QoL) and the current literature.
Results Mild ARMs were associated with a minimal risk of social morbidity consistent with good outcomes. In severe ARMs and HD, social problems were reported steadily among all age groups studied. Impairment of domains of fecal control were present among 53 to 89% of patients with social problems, including frequent symptoms (>1/week) in up to 39%. Involuntary gas leakage contributed to social morbidity in 15 to 27%. Comparison with QoL data suggested that social morbidity experienced during childhood may continue to affect emotional domains of QoL in later life, despite improvements in bowel function by adulthood.
Conclusion Patients with severe ARMs and HD are at risk of social restrictions from impairment of bowel function despite contemporary surgical treatments. However, the QoL outcomes in adulthood may be more influenced by self-perceptions of illness formed from childhood than disease-specific factors. Strategies to reduce the psychological morbidity associated with these conditions that includes parental involvement from the outset may improve outcomes.
Erst am Anfang
Authors: von Hagen Uwe , Henrich Hans-Günther , Langner Stev , Matthes Conny , Schneider Melanie , Schugt Achim , Schwab Gisela , Wytrieckus Thomas 
Published: October 2017

Zusammenfassung
Qualifizierte Regelbesetzung im OP Das Thema der personellen
Mindestbesetzung in den Funktionsdiensten wird derzeit heftig diskutiert: Was
ist angemessen, was ist unbedingt nötig und was ist fehlerinduziert? Wir stellen
Ihnen einen Leitfaden für eine verantwortungsvolle und zielgerichtete
Personalbesetzung im OP vor.
Default mode contributions to automated information processing
Authors: Vatansever Deniz , Menon David K. , Stamatakis Emmanuel A. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
In addition to dealing with variable demands of the environment in everyday life, we are continuously faced with routine, predictable challenges that require fast and effective responses. In an fMRI-based cognitive flexibility task, we show greater activity/connectivity centered on the default mode network during such automated decision-making under predictable environmental demands. Furthermore, we report on a significant correlation between this network and hippocampal connectivity and individual differences in the participants’ ability to make automated, fast, and accurate responses. Together, these results suggest an “autopilot” role for this network that may have important theoretical implications for our understanding of healthy brain processing in meeting worldly demands.
Cyclic activation of endplate acetylcholine receptors
Authors: Nayak Tapan K. , Auerbach Anthony 
Published: October 2017

Significance
The binding of agonists to receptors is an essential event in cell signaling. We propose a general mechanism for agonist binding based on a model allosteric protein, the neuromuscular acetylcholine receptor. Binding constants were measured for different agonists, to both resting and active individual target sites. The results confirm a cyclic activation mechanism. Agonist binding requires diffusion and a local conformational change, with receptor activation accelerating the latter so that association becomes nearly diffusion-limited. At each site, receptor activation approximately doubles the agonist-binding energy. These results indicate that binding (“affinity”) and activation (“efficacy”), long considered to be independent processes, are linked obligatorily. We speculate that cyclic activation and coupling between activation and binding are fundamental aspects of receptor operation.
Reverse chemical ecology: Olfactory proteins from the giant panda and their interactions with putative pheromones and bamboo volatiles
Authors: Zhu Jiao , Arena Simona , Spinelli Silvia , Liu Dingzhen , Zhang Guiquan , Wei Rongping , Cambillau Christian , Scaloni Andrea , Wang Guirong , Pelosi Paolo 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceThe giant panda, an endangered species and a popular emblem, still conceals puzzling unexplored aspects. It shares with bears, to which it is evolutionary related, a carnivorous digestive system but follows a strictly herbivorous diet. The low energy obtained from such poor food accounts for its slow movements and probably, a reduced reproductive activity. Feeding and mating are regulated by olfaction, still poorly investigated in this species at the molecular level. Here, we describe two odorant-binding proteins with complementary affinities to different chemical classes and present the 3D structure of one of them. In a reverse chemical ecology approach, which could be adopted for other vertebrates, we use ligand-binding data to suggest putative structures of still unknown sex pheromones.
Structural basis of human kinesin-8 function and inhibition
Authors: Locke Julia , Joseph Agnel Praveen , Peña Alejandro , Möckel Martin M. , Mayer Thomas U. , Topf Maya , Moores Carolyn A. 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceKinesins are a superfamily of ATP-dependent motors important for many microtubule-based functions, including multiple roles in mitosis. Small-molecule inhibitors of mitotic kinesins disrupt cell division and are being developed as antimitotic therapies. We investigated the molecular mechanism of the multitasking human mitotic kinesin Kif18A and its inhibition by the small molecule BTB-1. We used cryo-electron microscopy to visualize nucleotide-dependent conformational changes in microtubule-bound Kif18A, and the conformation of microtubule-bound, BTB-1-bound Kif18A. We calculated a putative BTB-1–binding site and validated this site experimentally to reveal the BTB-1 inhibition mechanism. Our work points to a general mechanism of kinesin inhibition, with wide implications for a targeted blockade of these motors in both dividing and interphase cells.
GPCRs globally coevolved with receptor activity-modifying proteins, RAMPs
Authors: Barbash Shahar , Lorenzen Emily , Persson Torbjörn , Huber Thomas , Sakmar Thomas P. 
Published: October 2017

Significance
G-protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest group of membrane receptors in eukaryotes, are involved in a plethora of cellular processes, and are implicated in many human diseases. Several individual GPCRs were shown to interact with a small gene group called receptor activity-modifying proteins (RAMPs). In this study, we present genomic- and expression-based observations suggesting that GPCRs interact with RAMPs in a more widespread manner than previously appreciated. Mapping of GPCR−RAMP global interactions can potentially point to specific signaling assays needed for deorphanization of orphan receptors. In addition, such interactions could affect testing of drugs targeting a RAMP-interacting GPCR.
HSPB7 is indispensable for heart development by modulating actin filament assembly
Authors: Wu Tongbin , Mu Yongxin , Bogomolovas Julius , Fang Xi , Veevers Jennifer , Nowak Roberta B. , Pappas Christopher T. , Gregorio Carol C. , Evans Sylvia M. , Fowler Velia M. , Chen Ju 
Published: October 2017

SignificanceSarcomeres, the contractile units of striated muscle, are composed of thick and thin/actin filaments. Thin filament length is closely associated with specific contractile properties of individual muscles, and it is tightly controlled by actin binding proteins. However, it is still unclear how these proteins work in concert to maintain proper thin filament length and whether there are additional factors involved. In this study, we found that deleting HSPB7 resulted in uncontrolled elongation of actin filaments and the formation of atypical actin filament bundles in cardiomyocytes. Biochemical studies revealed a previously unsuspected function of HSPB7 in interacting with and limiting actin monomer availability for actin filament polymerization, giving mechanistic insight into the etiology of aberrant sarcomeres observed in HSPB7 null heart.
Optoelectronic and photoacoustic studies of an organic dye synthesized through green route
Authors: Vijayakumar S , Sreelatha S , Hatamimoslehabadi M , Yelleswarappu C S 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
An azo dye was prepared through an environmentally benign and economically feasible synthesis route with cardanol as a starting material. Cardanol is a cost-effective and renewable natural source obtained from Cashew Nut Shell Liquid, a by-product of the cashew industry. The dye was spectrally characterized by IR, UV-Vis, NMR and fluorescence studies. UV-Vis absorption showed a bathochromic shift between solvents of lower and higher polarities. Nonlinear optical and photoacoustic properties were studied using a frequency doubled Nd:YAG laser producing 532 nm laser pulses of 3 ns pulse width. Results show that the nonlinear absorption coefficient decreases with the increase of on-axis intensity, suggesting excited state absorption as the principal mechanism. The observed nonlinearity has applications in optoelectronics.
Global Economic Growth and Agricultural Land Conversion under Uncertain Productivity Improvements in Agriculture
Authors: Lanz Bruno , Dietz Simon , Swanson Tim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe study how stochasticity in the evolution of agricultural productivity interacts with economic and population growth at the global level. We use a two‐sector Schumpeterian model of growth, in which a manufacturing sector produces the traditional consumption good and an agricultural sector produces food to sustain contemporaneous population. Agriculture demands land as an input, itself treated as a scarce form of capital. In our model both population and sectoral technological progress are endogenously determined, and key technological parameters of the model are structurally estimated using 1960‐2010 data on world GDP, population, cropland and technological progress. Introducing random shocks to the evolution of total factor productivity in agriculture, we show that uncertainty optimally requires more land to be converted into agricultural use as a hedge against production shortages, and that it significantly affects both optimal consumption and population trajectories.
Benzodiazepine Consumption Is Associated With Lower Blood Pressure in Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM): Retrospective Analysis of 4938 ABPMs
Authors: Mendelson Nitsan , Gontmacher Bella , Vodonos Allina , Novack Victor , Abu-AjAj Muhammad , Wolak Arik , Shalev Haddar , Wolak Talya 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The effect of chronic benzodiazepine use on blood pressure has not been documented. We aimed to evaluate whether regular benzodiazepine use can be associated to the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM).

METHODS
A retrospective analysis of the ABPM database between 2009 and 2015 was performed. The study groups were divided according to benzodiazepine treatment at least 3 months before ABPM. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) model analysis was conducted to estimate the association between benzodiazepine treatment and ABPM test measurements. Multivariable COX regression survival analysis model for mortality and cardiovascular (CV) events was performed.

RESULTS
A total of 4,938 ABPM studies were included in final analysis, 670 ABPMs of benzodiazepine-treated patients, and 4,268 of untreated patients. The benzodiazepine-treated group was significantly older, with a predominance of female patients, comprised more diabetic patients and consumed more antihypertensive medications. Adjustment for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, and number of antihypertensive medications, showed an association between benzodiazepine treatment and significantly lower ABPM measurements. When the analysis was split into those ≥60 years old and the other &lt;60 years old, regular benzodiazepine consumption was associated with lower ABPM measurements only among ≥60 years old. Multivariable Cox regression survival analysis showed that regular benzodiazepine consumption was not associated with increased mortality or CV events (mean follow-up period of 42.4 ± 19.8 and 42.1 ± 20.0 months, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS
Long-term use of benzodiazepines by ≥60 years old was independently associated with lower diastolic and systolic blood pressure in all parameters of ABPM, but not among younger patients.
MEBS, a software platform to evaluate large (meta)genomic collections according to their metabolic machinery: unraveling the sulfur cycle
Authors: De Anda Valerie , Zapata-Peñasco Icoquih , Poot-Hernandez Augusto Cesar , Eguiarte Luis E , Contreras-Moreira Bruno , Souza Valeria 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The increasing number of metagenomic and genomic sequences has dramatically improved our understanding of microbial diversity, yet our ability to infer metabolic capabilities in such datasets remains challenging. We describe the Multigenomic Entropy Based Score pipeline (MEBS), a software platform designed to evaluate, compare, and infer complex metabolic pathways in large “omic” datasets, including entire biogeochemical cycles. MEBS is open source and available through https://github.com/eead-csic-compbio/metagenome_Pfam_score. To demonstrate its use, we modeled the sulfur cycle by exhaustively curating the molecular and ecological elements involved (compounds, genes, metabolic pathways, and microbial taxa). This information was reduced to a collection of 112 characteristic Pfam protein domains and a list of complete-sequenced sulfur genomes. Using the mathematical framework of relative entropy (H΄), we quantitatively measured the enrichment of these domains among sulfur genomes. The entropy of each domain was used both to build up a final score that indicates whether a (meta)genomic sample contains the metabolic machinery of interest and to propose marker domains in metagenomic sequences such as DsrC (PF04358). MEBS was benchmarked with a dataset of 2107 non-redundant microbial genomes from RefSeq and 935 metagenomes from MG-RAST. Its performance, reproducibility, and robustness were evaluated using several approaches, including random sampling, linear regression models, receiver operator characteristic plots, and the area under the curve metric (AUC). Our results support the broad applicability of this algorithm to accurately classify (AUC = 0.985) hard-to-culture genomes (e.g., Candidatus Desulforudis audaxviator), previously characterized ones, and metagenomic environments such as hydrothermal vents, or deep-sea sediment. Our benchmark indicates that an entropy-based score can capture the metabolic machinery of interest and can be used to efficiently classify large genomic and metagenomic datasets, including uncultivated/unexplored taxa.
A 15-Year Old Burmese Girl With Hemoptysis: A Case Report
Authors: McLeod Charlie , Yeoh Daniel , Truarn Cameron , Blyth Christopher C , Bowen Asha C , Snelling Tom L , Wadia Ushma , Hazelton Briony , Porter Michelle 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
We report the case of a 15-year-old Burmese girl who presented with hemoptysis 3 years after immigrating to Australia with a background of previously treated pulmonary tuberculosis at 6 years of age. Cavitation in the right upper lobe had originally been identified on her baseline chest radiograph following arrival to Australia; extensive investigations were conducted thereafter to exclude causes of cavitary lung disease; these were negative. Paragonimus westermani was finally diagnosed on serological grounds 3 years after this child’s original presentation, with subsequent identification of P. westermani ova in sputum and in stool. Clinicians should be alert to the possibility of Paragonimiasis in children who have traveled to or originate from endemic countries who present with a clinically compatible illness. Treatment is simple and effective. Failure to consider this pathogen early may result in unnecessary investigative workup and delayed diagnosis.