bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oscillating Heat Pipe and Thermosyphon Operated With Ferronanofluid Under Magnetic Field
Authors: Buschmann Matthias H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The study reports experimental results of a closed-loop oscillating heat pipe and a thermosyphon operated with a ferronanofluid under magnetic field. The results show that the ferronanofluid improves the thermal performance of both devices compared to the pure basefluid deionised water. However, applying an outer static magnetic field reduces the amount of heat transferred. These findings give hope to employing ferronanofluids in combination with switchable electromagnets to control the thermal performance of closed-loop oscillating heat pipes and thermosyphons.
Rapid Acid Value Test-Kit Development for Oleochemical Product Quality Control Using Microfluidic Technology
Authors: Ho Pei Xuan , Koh Kai Seng , Hiew Billie Yan Zhang , Lim Chang Nong , Ren Yong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper describes the design and implementation of a cost effective micro total analytical devices (μTADs) that aims to determine the acid value of oleochemcial product. This device aims to provide a simple and effective acid-base titration technique in an aqueous solution in microscale. The device utilised colorimetry approach to determine the acid value of the oleochemical product by measuring the distance travelled by the colour change from pink to colourless during titration to quantify the molarity of the acid concentration. The μTADs consists of a 3D-printed polymeric design holder and a chemically treated cotton thread. The thread will show color change when different acid sample is dropped onto the thread. The distance of colour change is plainly visible with naked eyes and measured using a ruler scale in 2 minutes. The developed μTADs on acid value for samples from the oleochemical sector demostrated 98% accuracy, as compared to conventional titration process. In addition, the μTADs can improve significantly in terms of chemical used by reducing the reagent requirement by 99.5%, as well as a further cost reduction of 143 folds while maintining the accuracy of acid value measurement. This work provides a great alternative solution to acid value determination at a faster, more portable, and customizable technique that required less technical experience.
Experimental Investigation of Alternative Coolants for Combustion Engine Valves
Authors: Zhang Shaozhe , Rittsche Andreas , Künanz Ronny , Buschmann Matthias H. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Valves of combustion engines are often hollow. Liquid metal oscillates in these cavities due to the movement of the valve, thereby cooling it. The aim of our experiments is to investigate if the addition of loose disruptive bodies such as spheres or the alteration of the thermophysical properties of the cooling medium by adding metallic nanoparticles improves the cooling performance. The expectation is that especially mobile spheres enhance the impingement of the liquid metal on the inner valve walls and therewith the local heat transfer.
The study presents seventeen experiments employing a generic valve body made of AISI 316L. The working fluid is the eutectic gallium-indium-tin alloy. The experiments comprise five different combinations of disruptive bodies and one test with the gallium alloy modified with metallic nanoparticles. The results show that the equivalent thermal conductivity of the system is doubled when adding one single large sphere to the liquid alloy compared to the reference case. Adding three such disruptive bodies leads to a nearly quadruplication of the equivalent thermal conductivity.
Heat Transfer Characteristics of Liquid-Liquid Taylor Flows in Flat Mini Channels
Authors: Zhou Naixiang , Zhang Jingzhi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Taylor flows in mini or micro channels have been investigated for a long time due to the wide application of this kind of flow patterns in thermal management, heat exchangers, microfluidics, coating, and micro chemical reactions. The characteristics of Taylor flows in flat mini channels have not been studied in detail, even though these types of tubes are commonly used in many industrial fields. In this paper, water was used as the dispersed phase, and Hexadecane was used as the continuous phase. A circular tube with an inner diameter of 2 mm was chosen as the reference geometry, while 4 flat mini channels with the same perimeter as the circular tube were considered, with aspect ratios ranging from 0.5 to 2. The numerical results of liquid-liquid Taylor flows in circular tubes agreed well with the experimental data in the open literature. The liquid-liquid interfaces and heat transfer coefficients of these channels were obtained and compared. The results showed that axisymmetric liquid-liquid interfaces are obtained in circular tubes, while nonaxisymmetric interfaces are formed in flat channels due to the confinement effect of flat walls. The thinnest liquid film is obtained near the junction of circular and flat walls in flat channels. The heat transfer coefficient of a circular tube is lower than that of flat channels. The heat transfer coefficient increases with increasing aspect ratios of the flat channels. A maximum heat transfer enhancement of 32% is obtained for the flat tube with an aspect ratio of 2 compared to the circular tube.
Experimental Study of a High-Temperature Oscillating Heat Pipe Using Infrared Imaging
Authors: Yang Xin , Ji Yulong , Sun Jianhang , Wu Mengke , Feng Yanmin 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
In this study, an apparatus is constructed to perform infrared (IR) visualization experiments on a high-temperature oscillating heat pipe (HTOHP). Experiments are carried out on an HTOHP with caesium as the working fluid at 7 heating powers and a cooling temperature of 180 °C. The HTOHP starts up at 200 W and reaches the heat transfer limit at 500W. As the heating power increases, the thermal performance of HTOHP gets better before the limit. The wall temperature field variations obtained by the IR camera show the apparent differences in temperature distribution between the two side pipes when the HTOHP is in the unidirectional flow state. The overall increase in the wall temperature field with increasing heating power reflects the increase in the amount of heat it transfers. When the limit is reached, the temperature of the condensation section of the HTOHP reduces to the molten salt cooling temperature. An analysis of the thermal performance of the HTOHP shows that as the heating power increases, the average thermal resistance decreases by 65 %, from 3.12 °C/W at 200 W to 1.09 °C/W at 450 W.
Effect of Adjacent Synthetic Jets on Mass Transfer in Microchannels
Authors: Soltani Delara , Persoons Tim , Alimohammadi Sajad 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This numerical study investigates the impact of a pair of adjacent micro synthetic jets on fluid dynamics inside a microchannel. Both the presence and absence of cross flow are considered. The oscillatory movement of a membrane, causing fluid ejection and ingestion through orifices, leads to generating a zero net mass flux jet. This synthetic jet considerably influences fluid flow inside the microchannel. Various operating phases, amplitude, and channel geometry are explored to study the interaction between synthetic jet flow field and microchannel fluid flow. The results show that the phase difference between jets influences flow dynamics. In the presence of crossflow, operating jets out of phase prevents reverse flow during suction. Without crossflow, different height ratios of the microchannel influence vortex behavior and fluid direction. The study provides insights into the applications of microscale devices such as micromixers and electronics cooling.
Interfacial Transport Across Graphene-Water From Machine Learning Molecular Dynamics
Authors: Li Zhiqiang , Zhao Huanhuan , Liu Linhua , Yang Jia-Yue 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The interfacial behaviors of graphene-water systems play a significant role especially in micro-nano fabrication biomedical treatment and thermal management. However, existing potential models for water and graphene were commonly parametrized based on the properties of the bulk ones and may be defective for describing the graphene-water systems. And first-principles approach is expensive and can only be used to study small systems. To this end, we develop a machine learning potential (MLP) for graphene-water systems by utilizing the ab initio datasets, thus making it likely to describe interfacial phenomenon with ab initio accuracy. Unlike traditional MD simulations, the MLP could describe the interfacial transport process with DFT accuracy. Our trained MLP achieves an excellent precision in predicting energy and atomic forces and display its accuracy comparable to ab initio calculations. Besides, the MLP-driven MD simulations perfectly reproduce the radial distribution function (RDF) compared to AIMD simulations. Interfacial thermal properties and diffusion properties were investigated using MLP-driven MD simulations. Based on the subtle designed MLP, we have realized large-scale, high-precision molecular dynamics simulations involving tens of thousands of atoms on the nanosecond scale. This work extends the AIMD accuracy to large-system and long-time scales, providing ideas for accurately quantifying the interfacial transport properties.
Time-Dependent Solution of Unsteady Flow Equations for Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer, Advanced Fluidics, Biofluidics, and Blast Wave Propagations
Authors: Sinha Ramlala P. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A new innovative stable time-dependent compressible flow solution over the order of nanoseconds is provided here for wide-ranging critically important challenging applications. Specifically, a solution of the highly complex unsteady high speed oscillating compressible flow field inside a cylindrical tube, closed at one end with a piston oscillating at very high resonant frequency at the other end, has been obtained numerically, assuming one dimensional, viscous, and heat-conducting flow, by solving the appropriate fluid dynamic and energy equations. An iterative implicit finite difference scheme is employed to obtain the solution. The scheme permits arbitrary boundary conditions at the piston and the end wall and allows assumptions for transport properties. In successfully predicting the time-dependent results/data, an innovative simple but stable solution of unsteady fluid dynamic and energy equations is provided here for wide ranging research, design, development, analysis, and industrial applications in solving a variety of complex fluid flow heat transfer problems. The method is directly applicable to pulsed or pulsating flow and wave motion thermal energy transport, fluid-structure interaction heat transfer enhancement, nanoscale heat and mass transfer, diverse range of advanced fluidics, biofluidics / bioengineering, and fluidic pyrotechnic initiation devices. It can further be easily extended to cover muzzle blasts and high energy nuclear explosion blast wave propagations in one dimensional and/or radial spherical coordinates with or without including energy generation / addition terms. No other solution exists for such applications.
Study on the Flow Characteristics of Droplet Breaking Behavior in Microchannels
Authors: Zhou Naixiang , Zhao Yuting , Lei Li , Zhang Jingzhi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The breakup behavior of liquid-liquid two-phase flow in a T-junction microchannel was studied by numerical simulation. The continuous phase is the water phase and the discrete phase is the oil phase. The droplet breakup characteristics were studied in a microchannel with a channel width of 0.4 mm, under different continuous phase flow rates (qc = 0.02 m/s, 0.04 m/s, 0.06 m/s, 0.08 m/s, and 0.1 m/s). The two-phase pressure variation during droplet breakup was analyzed. Three types of breakup behavior were observed at the two flow rates: breakup with a permanent tunnel, breakup with a temporary tunnel, and no breakup. The process of droplet breakup is divided into four stages: entry stages, filling stages, stretching stages, and breaking stages. As the qc increases, the droplet breakup time is shortened. This is because the capillary number (Cac) of the continuous phase increases with the increase of qc. The viscous force of the continuous phase increases with the increase of the capillary number, and the shear effect on the droplet is strengthened. The minimum neck width (Wn) and maximum tensile deformation length (Lc) of the droplet increase with the increase of qc. The droplet breakup characteristics in different widths of T-junction microchannels with initial droplet dimensionless length of 1.95 (L/W = 1.95) were studied. Two kinds of breakup behaviors were observed in the study: breakup with a permanent tunnel and breakup with a temporary tunnel. The results indicate that the maximum droplet length and minimum neck width both increase with the channel width. In the case of breakup with a permanent tunnel, the droplet breakup time increases with the increase in channel width. However, in the breakup with a temporary tunnel, the pressure difference caused by plugging is larger, resulting in a shorter breakup time. The droplet breakup characteristics in microchannels with different fork angles (15°, 30°, 45° and 60°) were studied. The results show that the droplet in the Y-junction microchannel is more prone to breakup, but the angle has little effect on the droplet breakup time.
Experimental Investigation of Green Nanofluids: Assessment of Wettability, Viscosity and Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Nobrega Glauco , Cardoso Beatriz , Barbosa Filipe , Pinho Diana , Abreu Cristiano , Souza Reinaldo , Moita Ana , Ribeiro João , Lima Rui A. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Metallic nanoparticles are a type of nanomaterial synthesized from metallic precursors. Due to their unique physiochemical, electrical, and optical properties, metallic nanoparticles are widely studied and applied in various areas such as medicine, electronics, and heat transfer systems. However, conventional synthesis methods to produce metallic nanoparticles face challenges such as instability and environmental concerns, prompting the exploration of greener synthesis methods. Green synthesis uses natural resources like plants and algae as reducing agents, offering a more environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. These green-synthesized metallic nanoparticles can enhance heat transfer by becoming part of nanofluids (NFs), which are colloidal mixtures of NPs in a fluid base. NFs, employed for heat transfer. As a result, it is essential to characterize the NFs regarding wettability, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. The results of the spectrophotometer confirmed the green synthesis of NPs, and it was observed that the increase in NP concentration impacted the contact angle, improving the ability to wet. The thermal conductivity is also modified, with an improvement of 11.3% compared to distilled water, without a significant increase in fluid viscosity.
Detection of cefiderocol and aztreonam/avibactam resistance in epidemic
Escherichia coli
ST-361 carrying
bla
NDM-5
and
bla
KPC-3
from foreign fighters evacuated from Ukraine
Authors: Martin Melissa J. , Luo Ting L. , Kovalchuk Valentyn , Kondratiuk Viacheslav , Dao Henry D. , Kovalenko Iryna , Plaza Brandon J. , Kettlewell Joanna M. , Anderson Cole P. , Smedberg Jason R. , Ong Ana C. , Kwak Yoon I. , Hawley-Molloy Joshua S. , Bennett Jason W. , McGann Patrick T. , Lebreton Francois 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Genomic surveillance detected clonal
Escherichia coli
sequence type-361 isolates carrying
bla
NDM-5
,
bla
KPC-3
,
bla
CTX-M-15
, and
rmtB1
from a patient in Ukraine and four wounded foreign soldiers evacuated to Germany. Isolates were non-susceptible to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and cefiderocol and aztreonam/avibactam due to a PBP3 YRIN insertion and the
bla
CMY-145
AmpC β-lactamase. Coordinated surveillance efforts across civilian, military, and veteran healthcare systems are essential to prevent further spread as international volunteers return home after medical evacuation from Ukraine.
Family poverty, neighbourhood greenspace and perinatal outcomes
Authors: Tsomokos Dimitris I , Papachristou Efstathios , Rakesh Divyangana , Flouri Eirini 
Published: September 2024

Objective
The relationship between low income and adverse perinatal outcomes, such as low birth weight and developmental delays, is well established making the search for protective factors important. One such factor may be neighbourhood greenspace. This study elucidates the role of urban neighbourhood greenspace in the relationship between income and perinatal outcomes in a nationally representative birth cohort from the UK.

Methods
Data on 14 050 infants participating in the initial wave at age 9 months of the Millennium Cohort Study were used (51% male, 20% non-white, 52% living in disadvantaged areas). We tested whether the association between income and perinatal outcomes is moderated by urban greenspace (measured in deciles) before and after adjustments for confounding. The perinatal outcomes included birth weight, gestational age (in days), communication and motor delays. The models were adjusted for the infant’s sex and ethnicity, mother’s age, education, substance use and mental health as well as area disadvantage and air pollution.

Results
Neighbourhood greenspace moderated the association between income and gestational age, even after adjustment for all confounders, b=-0.11, 95% CI (-0.215, -0.004). For births in low-income households, in particular, it was associated with an increase in gestational age by an average of approximately 3 days. However, after adjustment, greenspace was not found to influence birth weight, communication or motor delays at age 9 months.

Conclusion
The biophilic design of urban environments is a modifiable factor for improving perinatal outcomes in the UK as urban greenspaces appear to be mitigating the risk of preterm birth associated with family poverty.
Modifiable risk factors for developing otitis media with effusion in children under 12 years in high-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Paing Aye , Elliff-O’Shea Laura , Day John , Joshi Devavrata , Arnold Stephanie , Holland Brown Tamsin , Kennedy Veronica 
Published: September 2024

ObjectiveTo systematically assess the modifiable risk factors for developing otitis media with effusion (OME) in children under 12 years.MethodsWe searched Embase, MEDLINE, INAHTA database, CENTRAL, CDSR and Epistemonikos for cohort studies with ≥40 children per arm/prognostic factor, published in English from 2000 to November 2022. We assessed risk of bias using the Quality in Prognosis Studies checklist, and overall evidence quality was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) methodology. Outcomes were analysed as risk ratio (RR), OR or Peto OR.ResultsSeven studies totalling 2 760 292 children were included. The evidence was very low quality. Fluid or pus discharge from ears (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.01 to 4.35) and exposure to other children (RR 2.79, 95% CI 1.98 to 3.93) (OR 5.21, 95% CI 2.9 to 9.36) were strongly associated with development of OME. Coughs/colds ≥5 times (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.22 to 2.99), breathing problems ≥5 times (RR 1.78, 95% CI 1.26 to 2.53) and ear infections (RR 1.95, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.72) in past year were associated with development of OME. Adenoid hypertrophy was strongly associated with development of fluctuating OME (recurrent OME) (OR 9.96, 95% CI 5.17 to 19.19). There was scare evidence for some potential modifiable risk factors, including breast feeding, household smoking, gastro-oesophageal reflux, dummy use and swimming.ConclusionsUpper respiratory tract infection, ear infection, adenoid hypertrophy and exposure to other children could be the predictors for development of OME. Further observational studies are needed to investigate other potential modifiable risk factors.
Effect of pharmacological treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder on later psychiatric comorbidity: a population-based prospective long-term study
Authors: Lyhmann Ingvild , Widding-Havneraas Tarjei , Bjelland Ingvar , Markussen Simen , Elwert Felix , Chaulagain Ashmita , Mykletun Arnstein , Halmøy Anne 
Published: September 2024

BackgroundPsychiatric comorbidity is frequent among persons with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Whether pharmacological treatment of ADHD influences the incidence of psychiatric comorbidity is uncertain.ObjectiveTo investigate associations and causal relations between pharmacological treatment of ADHD and incidence of subsequent comorbid psychiatric diagnoses.MethodsWe employed registry data covering all individuals aged 5–18 years in Norway who were diagnosed with ADHD during 2009–2011 (n=8051), followed until 2020. We used linear probability models (LPM) and instrumental variable (IV) analyses to examine associations and causal effects, respectively, between pharmacological treatment and subsequent comorbidity.FindingsFrom time of ADHD diagnosis to 9 years of follow-up, 63% of patients were registered with comorbid psychiatric disorders. For males, LPM showed associations between ADHD medication and several incident comorbidities, but strength and direction of associations and consistency over time varied. For females, no associations were statistically significant. IV analyses for selected categories isolating effects among patients ‘on the margin of treatment’ showed a protective effect for a category of stress-related disorders in females and for tic disorders in males for the first 2 and 3 years of pharmacological treatment, respectively.ConclusionsOverall, LPM and IV analyses did not provide consistent or credible support for long-term effects of pharmacological treatment on later psychiatric comorbidity. However, IV results suggest that for patients on the margin of treatment, pharmacological treatment may initially reduce the incidence of certain categories of comorbid disorders.Clinical implicationsClinicians working with persons with ADHD should monitor the effects of ADHD medication on later psychiatric comorbidity.Trial registration numberISRCTN11891971.