bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Legislative Authority of the Local Sphere of Government to Conserve and Protect the Environment: A Critical Analysis of Le Sueur v eThekwini Municipality [2013] ZAKZPHC 6 (30 January 2013)
Authors: Freedman Warren 
Published: April 2017

Legislative authority in South Africa is divided among the national, provincial and local spheres of government. Section 43 of the Constitution provides in this respect that the legislative authority of the national sphere of government is vested in Parliament; that the legislative authority of the provincial sphere of government is vested in the provincial legislatures; and that the legislative authority of the local sphere of government is vested in the municipal councils.

The allocation of legislative authority to municipal councils gives rise to a number of complex questions. One of these is the extent to which municipal councils are entitled to pass legislation that deals with the conservation and protection of the "environment". This issue was considered by the KwaZulu-Natal High Court: Pietermaritzburg in Le Sueur v eThekwini Municipality [2013] ZAKZPHC 6 (30 January 2013).

In this case the High Court found that even though the functional area of "environment" has been explicitly allocated to the national and provincial spheres of government and not to the local sphere by the Constitution (see Schedule 4A of the Constitution), municipal councils are entitled to pass legislation that deals with the conservation and protection of the "environment", at least in those circumstances where it forms a part of "municipal planning".

While there is no doubt that the functional area of "municipal planning" does encompass certain specific environmental matters at the local level, it does not encompass the broad area of the "environment", as the High Court suggests in its judgment. The approach adopted by the High Court, therefore, is open to some criticism. The purpose of this article is to set out and discuss the High Court’s judgment as well as the criticisms that may be levelled against it in the light of the allocation of legislative authority to the three spheres of government.
Introducing CSR - The Missing Ingredient in the Land Reform Recipe?
Authors: Kloppers Henk J 
Published: April 2017

In reaction to the unequal land ownership brought about by decades of apartheid, the first democratically elected government embarked on an extensive land reform programme - a programme consisting of the three constitutionally protected pillars: restitution, redistribution and tenure reform. The aim of this programme is not only to provide for restitution to persons who lost their land as a result of racially based measures, but also provide previously disadvantaged South Africans with access to land in order to address the unequal land ownership. This research focuses on the restitution and redistribution pillars of the land reform programme.

The progress made in terms of both these sub-programmes has been disappointing. With reference to redistribution the government has set the target to redistribute 30% of white owned commercial agricultural land to black persons by 2014. To date, less than 10% of this target has been achieved and all indications are that the overwhelming majority of land which has been redistributed is not being used productively or have fallen into a state of total neglect. The state of the redistributed land can be attributed to a variety of causes, with the main cause being the government's inability to provide proper post-settlement support to land reform beneficiaries.

Against this background it is clear that alternative options have to be identified in order to improve the result of land reform. This article identifies corporate social responsibility (CSR) as one of the missing ingredients in the recipe for a successful land reform programme. The article introduces CSR and discusses the business case for CSR; identifies its benefits; considers its possible limitations; and examines the major drivers behind the notion. From the discussion of these topics it will become evident that an assumption of social responsibility by businesses in especially the agricultural sector might contribute to an improved land reform programme.
Silence is Golden: The Lack of Direction on Compensation for Expropriation in the 2011 Green Paper on Land Reform
Authors: Du Plessis Elmien WJ 
Published: April 2017

The government set the target for redistribution of land to 30% by 2014. They have adopted the "willing-buyer-willing-seller" model that relies on a voluntary transaction between farmers and government to acquire such land. Frustrated at the slow pace of land reform, the ruling party is starting to indicate that the state will in future rely on its expropriation powers to acquire such land.

Section 25 of the Constitution makes it clear that when the state expropriates property, compensation must be paid. The current act, the 1975 Expropriation Act, determines that such compensation must be market value, while the Constitution lists market value as only one of at least five factors that must be taken into account when determining compensation.

There have been various attempts at drafting legislation that will bring compensation practices in line with the Constitution, with the latest Bill published in March 2013. This article focusses on the Green Paper that preceded the Bill, and argues that not much direction is given on how compensation for expropriation should be calculated.
Prevalence of glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in a community by newborn screening
Authors: Moinuddin Md Khaja , Gagandeep Vijayalaxmi , Mutalik Seeta 
Published: April 2017

Background: Glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency is a genetic disorder and incidence 400 million per year globally. It is X-linked inherited disorder affect males and rarely females also by lyonisation. Characterized by significant biochemical and molecular heterogeneity. Known for its grave complications like hemolysis, severe anemia, failure and severe jaundice following ingestion of fava beans and certain drugs. Prevalent in certain communities of India, hence routine newborn screening and Detection of g6pd deficiency is important to prevent grave complications.Methods: Prospective observational study carried out at Vani Vilas Children’s hospital attached Bangalore Medical college and research institute, from January 2016 to September 2016. All the newborns born at Vani Vilas Hospial included in the study by routine newborn screening.Results: A total of 9,136 neonates were included in this study. There were 5,013 males and 4,123 females. 37 neonates were found to be G-6-PD deficient, prevalence being 0.40%. The difference in the prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency in males 0.57% (n=29) and females 0.19% (n=8) was significant (p <0.002).Conclusions: Significant prevalence of g6pd in India. In our study, we found 1 G6PD deficiency in per 1000 population. Hence, we recommend screening for G6PD deficiency in all the newborns to prevent complications in future.
A study of bacterial sepsis and its relation to thrombocytopenia in neonates
Authors: Goudar Vikram R. , Kabbin Gautam Mohan , Joshi Suhas N. , Chavan Vinod P. , Badiger Shriharsha L. 
Published: April 2017

Background: In developing countries like India, the culture facilities are non-existent in most of the district hospitals, so the burden of identification of sepsis lies on hematological investigations like platelet count and white blood cells and very few indian studies have been done to show the association. Objectives: 1) To know the incidence of thrombocytopenia in babies with proven bacterial sepsis. 2) To find, if any, species specific differences in severity and incidence of thrombocytopenia. 3) Clinical outcomes in thrombocytopenic and nonthrombocytopenic septic babies.Methods: It is a prospective observational hospital based study. All the neonates admitted to our NICU with probable sepsis were screened for sepsis and neonates with birth weight of 1000 grams and above with blood and/or Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) culture positivity for bacterial growth were recruited during the study period from November 2011 to October 2012. A total of 100 neonates with blood and/or CSF culture positivity for bacterial growth were considered convenient for the study.Results: During the present study period of 1 year we had a total of 960 Neonates admitted to our NICU. 475 neonates were screened for sepsis. A total of 100 neonates with blood and/or CSF culture positivity for bacterial growth were considered for the study. Klebsiella pneumoniae sepsis was the highest contributor to the severe thrombocytopenia category (15 out of 29cases). Out of the 100 cases, 41 had normal platelet count and 59 had thrombocytopenia. Klebsiella positivity was more significantly associated with severe thrombocytopenia than MRCONS positivity or rest of the cultures combined together (p value <0.01). Although there was no significant association between thrombocytopenia and mortality (p=0.176), the proportion of children with severe thrombocytopenia was significantly higher in babies who expired (25% vs 9%) when compared to babies who survived.Conclusions: Our study shows that in our setting bacterial sepsis is significantly complicated by thrombocytopenia. Severe thrombocytopenia in a suspected case of bacterial sepsis might predict Klebsiella species sepsis and hence it may be prudent to start empirical antibiotics covering the Klebsiella species.
Sociodemographic and dietary factors influencing overweight and obesity in school going children aged 10 to 15 years: a cross sectional community based study
Authors: R. L. C. Amarnath , K. Shilpa , Ugargol Amit R. , Bandlamudi Sowjanya 
Published: April 2017

Background: Childhood obesity as a rampant public health problem as it is affecting both developed and developing countries. Understanding the trends in obesity prevalence among children, contributing factors and developing strategies for successful interventions is the need of the hour. Hence the present study was aimed at understanding the implication of dietary and socio-demographic factors influencing overweight and obesity among 10-15 year old school children.Methods: The study was a cross sectional study, undertaken in eight private schools of Belgaum City, Karnataka from January 2010 to December 2010. School children of sixth to tenth standard aged between 10 to 15 years were included. Children were interviewed by the investigator. Examination was carried out which included general physical examination, measurement of height, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, blood pressure and other vital signs. Overweight and obesity were defined basing on Based on WHO and International obesity task force (IOTF) BMI cut-off standards for Asia and India.Results: A total of 600 children were included of which 52.33% were males. Majority of the study subjects belonged to socio economic class I and II. About 65.67% of students belonged to nuclear family. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 18.83% in study population. Out of this overweight contributed 11.33% and obesity contributed 7.5%.The odds of overweight and obesity was higher in females (OR=1.19), In children aged 13 years (OR=3.21), in children belonging to Sikh community (OR=6.26) and in children with socio economic class II (OR=1.65). Children from joint family (OR=0.70) and third generation family (OR=0.29) had lower odds of overweight and obesity compared to children from nuclear families. Daily consumption of snacks between meals (OR=2.42), sweets (OR=1.985), ice-cream (OR=1.667), fast foods (OR=3.062) and beverages (OR=4.80) were strongly associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity in study population. Daily consumption of fruits (OR=0.095) and vegetables (OR=0.166) and pulses (OR=0.690) was associated with reduced risk of overweight and obesity in study population (Table 4).Conclusions: Overall the study findings reveal that children had a relatively higher prevalence of overweight and obesity. Regular intake of fast foods, beverages, snacks between the meals and ice creams was associated with higher risk of obesity in study population. Regular consumption of fruits, vegetables and pulses had strong negative association with overweight and obesity in study population.
Outbreaks of measles in Rajasthan in 2014: a cross sectional epidemiological investigation
Authors: Singh Kamaljit , Garg Rajesh 
Published: April 2017

Background: In India, although the measles vaccine is available across the country up to village level, but still India is struggling with mortality and morbidity associated with Measles and its outbreaks. Investigations in measles outbreak help to know the determinants behind it and thus prevent further outbreaks. The outbreaks of measles in Rajasthan were investigated in 2014 by analyzing various socio-demographic parameters. Objective: To assess the epidemiological profile of measles outbreak in Rajasthan in 2014.Methods: The data of the measles surveillance project of Rajasthan was used for analysis. This is an analytical, cross sectional study where 10 districts of Rajasthan having confirmed measles outbreak in 2014 were included. A total of 353 laboratory plus epidemiologically linked measles cases were considered. Statistical analysis: Percentages, proportions and Chi square test were applied. Results: Out of the 23 suspected measles outbreaks subjected for confirmatory laboratory investigation, majority i.e. 14 (60.8%) were found to be of measles. Out of these 14 outbreaks, 353 cases were of measles (Laboratory confirmed + epidemiologically confirmed). Maximum numbers (around 50%) of cases were from the age group 1-4 years. Only 108 (30.6%) cases were vaccinated for measles vaccine. Girl children contributed to about 60 % of the total measles cases. Almost 2/3rd (66.9%) cases were in Muslim families. Conclusions: There was clustering of measles cases in few of the districts adjacent to each other. Measles vaccination coverage in few pockets was poor in outbreak districts. There is a need to boost up measles vaccination coverage with special attention to high risks areas like urban slums etc.
Enhancing Safety Performance by Recognizing the Role of Perceived Management Commitment to Safety in the Jordanian Healthcare Industry: Conceptual Framework
Authors: Al-Bsheish Mohammad Adel 
Published: April 2017

<p>Nowadays, workplace safety is a clear concern for both individuals and organizations, particularly in developing countries such as Jordan. This is evidenced by the expanding body of safety-related literature published on this regard. This paper develops a conceptual framework of safety management based on perceived organizational support theory. The main aim of this framework is to disclose the causal links between a physiological empowerment, respect, perceived management commitment to safety and safety performance based on previous studies. Such framework could have impact on practical issues in healthcare industry, as well as enhancing the body of related literature on perceived management commitment to safety. Consequently, this framework presents a new trend concerning perceived management commitment to safety through investigating each dimension of safety climate individually. </p><p> </p>
BAMBOO FOUNDATION DENGAN PENDEKATAN SUSTAINABLE ARCHITECTURE DI BOYOLALI
Authors: Kusumo Adi Surya , Pitana Titis Srimuda , Suastika Made 
Published: April 2017

<p><em>The background of designing Bamboo Foundation in Boyolali is the emergence of human’s awareness to save the environment especially in the use of eco-friendly building materials. Unfortunately these phenomenon is used by several parties to gain much profit by producing materials and labeling their product with eco-friendly label and then sell them in a very expensive price. Because of the phenomenon then occur an idea to persuade the society to use eco-friendly materials but in a cheap price and good quality which is bamboo. Along with the finding of bamboo preservation and processing methods ,it shows that bamboo has a big potential to be used as main material in a construction. So the existence of Bamboo Foundation to provide education about bamboo for the society. The designing problem is not only how to develop the bamboo preservatives and processing education but also about the conservation of various bamboo species based on the application of sustainable architecture in Bamboo Foundation design. The method used is architectural design method that combine various bamboo construction structure with the application of sustainability architecture. The result is the design of a bamboo education facilities consists of gallery, class, workshop, bamboo conservation, and supporting buildings that also use as a precedent for the visitors.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>:</em><em> Bamboo, Conservati</em><em>on</em><em>,</em><em> </em><em>Educati</em><em>on, </em><em>Sustainable Architecture.</em><em></em></p>
PENGARUH FAKTOR BERMUKIM MASYARAKAT TERHADAP POLA PERSEBARAN PERMUKIMAN DI KAWASAN RAWAN BENCANA LONGSOR KABUPATEN MAGETAN
Authors: Bachry Adryan Aji Saiful , Hardiana Ana , Putri Rufia Andisetyana 
Published: April 2017

<em>Housing and settlements is fundamental human need to do daily activities for the survival of mankind. The community in determining the location of settlements have basic considerations that affect them in choosing a location for a settlement. The basic consideration is composed of several factors, including accessibility, environment, job opportunities, level of service, in addition to psychological factors, socioeconomic factors and historical cultural factors. Basically the location of settlements or housing are not allowed on the mountain slopes are potentially landslide disaster. Landslide that is threatening the survival of human beings who lived in the area. The danger of a disaster is a natural or artificial phenomena which have the potential to threaten human life, loss of property and damage to the environment. The area of the slopes of Mount Lawu which has a dense contour and topography make settlement patterns that are located in the area most are clumped as well as the distance between one another with their distance. There are several factors that affect the formation of settlement patterns, namely economic, cultural, institutional and customs. The issue of this study is to examine how the influence factors of settlement in the area of landslide-prone Magetan against pattern of settlement that is formed in the area. This study discusses the characteristics of the factor pattern of distribution in the community, the establishment of settlements and the influence factors of settlement against the spread pattern of settlement in the area of the landslide-prone Magetan by using multiple linear regression analysis. The community has its own considerations against the selection of the location of the settlement which made slopes be settled and be against the formation of settlement patterns in the Poncol Districts and Plaosan Districts which located on the slopes of Mount Lawu. Of research results obtained in the area of community based factors prone to landslide has no influence on the pattern of the spread of settlements that was formed in the area.</em>
REVITALISASI BANGUNAN TRADISIONAL RUMAH TINGGAL SEBAGAI HOMESTAY DENGAN PENDEKATAN ADAPTIVE REUSE DI JAGALAN, KOTAGEDE, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Wardani SIsca Pramudya , Hardiana Ana , Ikhsan Fauzan Ali 
Published: April 2017

<em>The sustainability for cultural heritage is a vital thing for present time and future. Recently, traditional house which is a javanese cultural heritage is slowly gone in Jagalan, Kotagede. Homestay in jagalan kotagede as a living museum which has a characteristic of cultural properties area has changed. The change is because of the necessity of a modern living which can not adapt to the old culture, economic necessity, and also eathquake in Jogja in 2006 go along the dull of Jagalan, Kotagede area characteristics. As Jagalan characteristics seems arousing little interest, it makes Jagalan loses heritage spirit and also leads to the unorganized local people. These are due to the economical, social and political matters. Thus, the effort to achieve harmony will be done, including area planning, traditional home stay building, local art, culinary road characteristics, Jagalan potential and adaptive side to the earthquake effect. The official announcement of “Jagalan Tlisih” by Sultan Hamengku Buwono X will be able to make everyone realize that the sustainability of cultural heritage is important. Jagalan Village should be supported by maintaining the potential within, in order to accomplish the realization of cultural tourism village. moreover, traditional building which is counted as potential legacy needs to be preserved and maintained. The maintenance is by revitalizing, to revive and to restore. Adaptive concepts is a way to build an object and environment so that when these aspects are combined they will be able to work together and create new thing without losing identity of their own. The preservation is applied by taking advantage from the traditional house to be a homestay. Moreover, homestay will be a new function in the form of traditional building to support Jagalan Village which has heritage value to fulfill the goal as a tourism destination. Furthermore, Jagalan area will be local based homestay along with adaptive people within its function as cultural tourism village. The new function is one of Adaptive Reuse as a dynamic revitalization responses from spatial, physic, and style aspect which can stands alone and revive its environment.</em>
KELAYAKAN SISTEM EVAKUASI KAWASAN RAWAN BENCANA LETUSAN GUNUNG MERAPI DI KABUPATEN SLEMAN
Authors: Adi W Dicky Setya , Kusumastuti Kusumastuti , Andini Isti 
Published: April 2017

<em>Evacuation system in Mount Merapi eruption area consist of evacuation component, such early warning system, meeting point, evacuation lane, evacuation route, barrack, communication and transportation. The role of the goverment is to give services for refugees who live in scenario evacuation area. But there are some constrains, for example damaged road, evacuation lane crossover the bridge, people don’t heard the early warning system and high density of barracks. Based on those phenomenons, this research objected is to measure the feasibility of Mount Merapi evacuation system in Sleman district by using qualitative and quantitative method. The results of this research, some of evacuation systems don’t have perfect score. Early warning system has score 49%, meeting point score 96,2%, evacuation lane 88,7%, evacuation route 100%, barracks 60,7%, transportation and communication 51,8%. From that components, the average score is 75% which means the system of evacuation in Mount Merapi Eruption Area not feasible yet.</em>