bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional SPACE fluid-attenuated inversion recovery at 3 T to improve subthalamic nucleus lead placement for deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's disease: from preclinical to clinical studies
Authors: Senova Suhan , Hosomi Koichi , Gurruchaga Jean-Marc , Gouello Gaëtane , Ouerchefani Naoufel , Beaugendre Yara , Lepetit Hélène , Lefaucheur Jean-Pascal , Badin Romina Aron , Dauguet Julien , Jan Caroline , Hantraye Philippe , Brugières Pierre , Palfi Stéphane 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a well-established therapy for motor symptoms in patients with pharmacoresistant Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the procedure, which requires multimodal perioperative exploration such as imaging, electrophysiology, or clinical examination during macrostimulation to secure lead positioning, remains challenging because the STN cannot be reliably visualized using the gold standard, T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) at 1.5 T. Thus, there is a need to improve imaging tools to better visualize the STN, optimize DBS lead implantation, and enlarge DBS diffusion.

METHODS
Gradient-echo sequences such as those used in T2WI suffer from higher distortions at higher magnetic fields than spin-echo sequences. First, a spin-echo 3D SPACE (sampling perfection with application-optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolutions) FLAIR sequence at 3 T was designed, validated histologically in 2 nonhuman primates, and applied to 10 patients with PD; their data were clinically compared in a double-blind manner with those of a control group of 10 other patients with PD in whom STN targeting was performed using T2WI.

RESULTS
Overlap between the nonhuman primate STNs segmented on 3D-histological and on 3D-SPACE-FLAIR volumes was high for the 3 most anterior quarters (mean [± SD] Dice scores 0.73 ± 0.11, 0.74 ± 0.06, and 0.60 ± 0.09). STN limits determined by the 3D-SPACE-FLAIR sequence were more consistent with electrophysiological edges than those determined by T2WI (0.9 vs 1.4 mm, respectively). The imaging contrast of the STN on the 3D-SPACE-FLAIR sequence was 4 times higher (p < 0.05). Improvement in the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part III score (off medication, on stimulation) 12 months after the operation was higher for patients who underwent 3D-SPACE-FLAIR–guided implantation than for those in whom T2WI was used (62.2% vs 43.6%, respectively; p < 0.05). The total electrical energy delivered decreased by 36.3% with the 3D-SPACE-FLAIR sequence (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
3D-SPACE-FLAIR sequences at 3 T improved STN lead placement under stereotactic conditions, improved the clinical outcome of patients with PD, and increased the benefit/risk ratio of STN-DBS surgery.
Unilateral coronal synostosis: can we trust the sagittal suture as a landmark for the underlying superior sagittal sinus?
Authors: Protzenko Cervante Tatiana , Arnaud Eric , Brunelle Francis , Di Rocco Federico 
Published: January 2016

OBJECTIVE
The sagittal suture is usually considered an external anatomical landmark, indicating the location of the superior sagittal sinus (SSS) for surgical approaches. Children with unilateral coronal synostosis (UCS) often present with an important deviation of the sagittal suture. Because these patients usually undergo frontal reconstruction or even endoscope-assisted minimally invasive procedures, it is imperative to know the location of the SSS. The aim of this investigation was to study the anatomical relationship between the SSS and the sagittal suture in children with anterior plagiocephaly.

METHODS
The authors retrospectively studied the relationship between the sagittal sinus and the sagittal suture at 5 points: nasion, midpoint nasion-bregma, bregma, midpoint bregma-lambda, and lambda. The study analyzed CT scans of 50 children with UCS admitted to the craniofacial unit of Necker Enfants Malades Hospital between March 2006 and March 2013 and compared them with 50 control children with no evidence of craniosynostosis, bone disease, or genetic syndromes. The authors also analyzed the presence of extracerebral fluid collection and ventricular asymmetry in children with UCS.

RESULTS
Fifty-six percent of patients had anterior right UCS and 44% had left-sided UCS. Type I UCS was seen in 1 patient, Type IIA in 20 patients, Type IIB in 20 patients, and Type III in 9 patients. The authors found that the nasion is usually deviated to the ipsilateral side of the synostosis, the bregma contralaterally, and the lambda ipsilaterally. The gap distances between the reference point and the SSS were 0–7.3 mm (mean 1.4 mm) at the nasion; 0–16.7 mm (mean 3.8 mm) at the midpoint nasion-bregma; 0–12 mm (mean 5.8 mm) at the bregma; 0–9.5 mm (mean 3 mm) at the midpoint bregma-lambda; and 0–11.6 mm (mean 5.5 mm) at the lambda. Conversely, a discrepancy of more than 1 mm between the SSS and the position of the suture was found only in 7 control cases (14%).
Of patients with UCS, 38% presented with an extracerebral fluid collection contralateral to the fused coronal suture. Fifty-two percent had a ventricular asymmetry, which was characterized by reduced ventricular volume ipsilateral to the synostosis in all but 1 patient.

CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the SSS was usually deviated contralaterally to the closed coronal suture. It tended to be in the midline of the cranial vault and could be projected virtually along an imaginary line passing through the midline of the cranial base. The authors recommend a distance of 37 mm from the sagittal suture as a safety margin during surgery.
Direct Evidence of Internalization of Tau by Microglia In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Bolós Marta , Llorens-Martín María , Jurado-Arjona Jerónimo , Hernández Félix , Rábano Alberto , Avila Jesús 
Published: January 2016

The microtubule-associated protein (MAP) tau plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of tauopathies. Excess tau can be released into the extracellular medium in a physiological or pathological manner to be internalized by surrounding neurons—a process that contributes to the spread of this protein throughout the brain. Such spreading may correlate with the progression of the abovementioned diseases. In addition to neurons, tau can be internalized into other cells. Here we demonstrate that microglia take up tau in vitro and in vivo. In this regard, microglia from primary cultures internalized soluble (human recombinant tau42) and insoluble (homogenates derived from human AD brain) tau in vitro. Furthermore, using stereotaxic injection of tau in mice in vivo, we show that murine microglia internalize human tau. In addition, we demonstrate, for the first time, that microglia colocalize with various forms of tau in postmortem brain tissue of patients with Alzheimer’s disease and non-demented control subjects. Our data reveal a potential role of microglia in the internalization of tau that might be relevant for the design of strategies to enhance the clearance of extracellular tau in neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of this protein.
Landscape genomic analysis of candidate genes for climate adaptation in a California endemic oak, Quercus lobata
Authors: Sork Victoria L. , Squire Kevin , Gugger Paul F. , Steele Stephanie E. , Levy Eric D. , Eckert Andrew J. 
Published: January 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:The ability of California tree populations to survive anthropogenic climate change will be shaped by the geographic structure of adaptive genetic variation. Our goal is to test whether climate‐associated candidate genes show evidence of spatially divergent selection in natural populations of valley oak, Quercus lobata, as preliminary indication of local adaptation.METHODS:Using DNA from 45 individuals from 13 localities across the species' range, we sequenced portions of 40 candidate genes related to budburst/flowering, growth, osmotic stress, and temperature stress. Using 195 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we estimated genetic differentiation across populations and correlated allele frequencies with climate gradients using single‐locus and multivariate models.RESULTS:The top 5% of FST estimates ranged from 0.25 to 0.68, yielding loci potentially under spatially divergent selection. Environmental analyses of SNP frequencies with climate gradients revealed three significantly correlated SNPs within budburst/flowering genes and two SNPs within temperature stress genes with mean annual precipitation, after controlling for multiple testing. A redundancy model showed a significant association between SNPs and climate variables and revealed a similar set of SNPs with high loadings on the first axis. In the RDA, climate accounted for 67% of the explained variation, when holding climate constant, in contrast to a putatively neutral SSR data set where climate accounted for only 33%.CONCLUSIONS:Population differentiation and geographic gradients of allele frequencies in climate‐associated functional genes in Q. lobata provide initial evidence of adaptive genetic variation and background for predicting population response to climate change.
Records of larentiine moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) collected at the Station Linné in Sweden
Authors: Schmidt Olga 
Published: January 2016

The island of Öland, at the southeast of Sweden, has unique geological and environmental features. The Station Linné is a well-known Öland research station which provides facilities for effective studies and attracts researchers from all over the world. Moreover, the station remains a center for ecotourism due to extraordinary biodiversity of the area. The present paper is aimed to support popular science activities carried out on the island and to shed light on diverse geometrid moth fauna of the Station Linné.
As an outcome of several research projects, including the Swedish Malaise Trap Project (SMTP) and the Swedish Taxonomy Initiative (STI) conducted at the Station Linné, a list of larentiine moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) collected on the territory of the station is presented. Images of moths from above and underside are shown. Of the totally 192 species registered for Sweden, 41 species (more than 21%) were collected in close proximity to the main building of the Station Linné. Malaise trap sampling of Lepidoptera is discussed.
An online taxonomic database of the stick insect (Phasmida) egg-parasitising subfamilies Amiseginae and Loboscelidiinae (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae)
Authors: Baker Ed 
Published: January 2016

The wasp subfamilies Amiseginae and Loboscelidiinae (Hymenoptera: Chrysididae) were last catalogued in Kimsey and Bohart (1991). The subfamilies are considered to be obligate egg parasitoids of the Phasmida (stick insects), which are known to be pests in many areas of the world (Baker 2015). Our lack of knowledge of these wasps, in particular their host associations and host specificity, prevents studies into using them as potential control agents for pest phasmids. Phasmids are popular throughout the world with people from a wide range of backgrounds, from pet keepers to professional entomologists.
A taxonomic database of the subfamilies Amiseginae and Loboscelidiinae has been created as the Chrysididae SpeciesFile, summarising the current state of scientific knowledge about these groups. In addition, a bibliography of works on these subfamilies has been created. In total information is provided for 187 valid species.
Du nouveau sur le poverello breton ?
Authors: de Cevins Marie-Madeleine 
Published: January 2016

La figure de Jean Discalcéat, curé de paroisse au
diocèse de Rennes puis frère mineur à Quimper, mort de la peste en
1349, présente de larges zones d’ombres. Tout ce qui a été écrit à son
propos depuis le xviie siècle provient d’une Vita dont il ne subsiste
aucune mention ancienne et qu’une seule version écrite. Datée de 1613,
celle-ci est tenue pour la transcription fidèle d’un modèle médiéval
depuis sa découverte et son édition en 1910 par le postulateur général
de la cause de Jean Discalcéat en Curie. L’article propose de passer
le texte de la Vita au crible de l’analyse linguistique et
terminologique afin de s’assurer de son caractère authentiquement
médiéval. Il s’efforce dans un second temps de cerner le profil de son
auteur – qui semble appartenir à la mouvance spirituelle de l’Ordre
franciscain, à l’appui des suppositions formulées il y a vingt ans par
Jean-Christophe Cassard à partir d’une poignée d’indices. Enfin, il
tente de comprendre pourquoi la mémoire de Jean Discalcéat a été
oblitérée pendant plus de deux siècles, jusqu’à l’épanouissement de la
Contre-Réforme.
De la coordination au leadership : le rôle de l’animateur de cluster
Authors: Remoussenard-Pourquier Catherine , Ditter Jean-Guillaume 
Published: January 2016

L’objet de cet article est d’éclairer les fonctions et compétences de l’animateur de cluster en mobilisant des concepts et outils du management stratégique et des ressources humaines. Contrairement aux clusters « spontanés » et auto-organisés, du type district industriel italien, les dispositifs encouragés par les pouvoirs publics requièrent des mécanismes de coordination spécifiques, généralement incarnés par un « animateur », qui n’a que peu été étudié par la littérature. La théorie du leadership redonne à l’animateur toute sa place en tant qu’acteur central des clusters volontaristes, avec une triple fonction : fédérer les acteurs par la confiance, manager les connaissances et les compétences, être un leader transformationnel du changement. Nous illustrons notre réflexion par l’analyse de trois exemples de clusters belges de l’écoconstruction.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration diagnosis of secondary tumors involving the pancreas: An institution's experience
Authors: Alomari Almed K. , Ustun Berrin , Aslanian Harry R. , Ge Xinquan , Chhieng David , Cai Guoping 
Published: January 2016

Background:
Pancreatic masses may seldom represent a metastasis or secondary involvement by lymphoproliferative disorders. Recognition of this uncommon occurrence may help render an accurate diagnosis and avoid diagnostic pitfalls during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). In this study, we review our experience in diagnosing secondary tumors involving the pancreas.

Materials and Methods:
The electronic database of cytopathology archives was searched for cases of secondary tumors involving the pancreas at our institution and a total of 31 cases were identified. The corresponding clinical presentations, imaging study findings, cytological diagnoses, the results of ancillary studies, and surgical follow-up, if available, were reviewed.

Results:
Nineteen of the patients were male and 12 female, with a mean age of 66 years. Twenty-three patients (74%) had a prior history of malignancy, with the latency ranging from 6 months to 19 years. The secondary tumors involving the pancreas included metastatic carcinoma (24 cases), metastatic sarcoma (3 cases), diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (2 cases), and plasma cell neoplasm (2 cases). The most common metastatic tumors were renal cell carcinoma (8 cases) and lung carcinoma (7 cases). Correct diagnoses were rendered in 29 cases (94%). The remaining two cases were misclassified as primary pancreatic carcinoma. In both cases, the patients had no known history of malignancy, and no ancillary studies were performed.

Conclusions:
Secondary tumors involving the pancreas can be accurately diagnosed by EUS-FNA. Recognizing uncommon cytomorphologic features, knowing prior history of malignancy, and performing ancillary studies are the keys to improve diagnostic performance and avoid diagnostic pitfalls.
Comparison of 3 Different Releasable Suture Techniques in Trabeculectomy
Authors: Duman Fulya , Faria Bruno , Rutnin Nont , Guzel Huseyin , Ekici Feyzahan , Waisbourd Michael , Katz L. Jay , Moster Marlene R. , Spaeth George L. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose The use of releasable sutures provides an effective and simple way of titrating intraocular pressure (IOP) postoperatively. The purpose of this study was to compare the surgical outcome of 3 releasable suture techniques for closing scleral flaps in patients undergoing primary trabeculectomy. Methods The Wills Eye Glaucoma Research Center retrospectively reviewed the charts of patients who underwent primary trabeculectomy by 3 surgeons using 3 different releasable suture techniques. Ninety eyes of 90 glaucoma patients were divided into 3 groups by releasable suture technique (n = 30 eyes for each group). Main outcome measures included best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), rate of surgical success, use of supplemental medical therapy, need for additional glaucoma surgery, and complications during suture removal. Results The BCVA and IOP were similar among the groups for all follow-up visits. As a determinant of success rate of trabeculectomy, mean decrease of IOP after surgery was over 30% in all groups (p = 0.43). The number of postoperative antiglaucomatous medications, number of complications, and need for an additional glaucoma surgery were similar in all groups (p = 0.40, p = 0.87, and p = 0.47, respectively). The differences in suture-related complications, defined as suture break or need for laser suture lysis, were not significant among the groups (p = 0.09). Conclusions We found that the 3 most common surgical techniques had similar mechanisms of action. All techniques were safe and effective, yielding similar outcomes. All 3 techniques can be used for closing scleral flaps in patients undergoing primary trabeculectomy.
Comparison of Refractive Error in Phacovitrectomy for Epiretinal Membrane using Ultrasound and Partial Coherence Interferometry
Authors: Kang Eui C. , Lee Kyou Ho , Koh Hyoung J. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose To compare the postoperative refractive error (RE) using A-scan ultrasound (US) and partial coherence interferometry (PCI) after phacovitrectomy for idiopathic epiretinal membrane (iERM) and cataract. Methods Eighty-eight participants (88 eyes) with iERM and cataracts underwent phacovitrectomies with internal limiting membrane removal. Postoperative RE was the main outcome measured, calculated by subtracting intended spherical equivalent (SE) from 6-month postoperative SE. Secondary outcomes included axial length (AL) measured by 2 methods, change in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), and change in central subfield thickness (CSFT). Results Mean postoperative RE using US showed greater myopic shift compared with that using PCI (-0.569 ± 0.571 D vs −0.169 ± 0.415 D, respectively, p<0.001). The 6-month postoperative RE was within ±0.50 D in 43.2% (38/88) using US vs 84.1% (74/88) using PCI and within ±1.00 D in 84.1% (74/88) using US vs 96.6% (85/88) using PCI. Mean AL measured by US was shorter than that measured by PCI (23.50 ± 1.27 mm vs 23.58 ± 1.30 mm, respectively, p<0.001). Postsurgery, BCVA improved from 0.374 ± 0.264 logMAR to 0.144 ± 0.124 logMAR (p<0.001), and CSFT decreased from 449.2 ± 78.5 µm to 378.2 ± 47.0 µm (p<0.001). The BCVA improvement significantly correlated with decreased CSFT ( R = 0.268, p = 0.011). Conclusions Estimation of intraocular lens power for phacovitrectomies for iERM and cataracts is more accurate when assessed by PCI than by US.
A Cemented Cup with Acetabular Impaction Bone Grafting is More Cost-Effective than an Uncemented Cup in Patients under 50 Years
Authors: Busch Vincent J.J.F. , Verschueren Joost , Adang Eddy M. , Lie Stein A. , Havelin Leif I. , Schreurs Berend W. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose Acetabular deficiencies in young patients can be restored in several ways during total hip arthroplasty. Currently, cementless cups are most frequently used. Impaction bone grafting of acetabular defects is a more biological approach, but is it cost-effective in young patients on the long term? Methods We designed a decision model for a cost-utility analysis of a cemented cup with acetabular impaction bone grafting versus an uncemented cup, in terms of cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) for the young adult with acetabular bone deficiency, in need for a primary total hip arthroplasty. Outcome probabilities and effectiveness were derived from the Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre and the Norwegian Hip Register. Multiple sensitivity analyses were used to assess the contribution of the included variables in the model's outcome. Results Cemented cups with impaction bone grafting were more cost-effective compared to the uncemented option in terms of costs per QALY. A scenario suggesting equal primary survival rates of both cemented and uncemented cups still showed an effect gain of the cemented cup with impaction bone grafting, but at higher costs. Conclusions Based on this model, the first choice of treatment of the acetabular bone deficient osteoarthritic hip in a young patient is reconstruction with impaction bone grafting and a cemented cup.
Theoretical Basis for and Improvement of Daugirdas' Second Generation Formula for Single-Pool Kt/V
Authors: Sternby Jan , Daugirdas John T. 
Published: January 2016

Purpose An empirically-derived equation to estimate hemodialysis treatment variable-volume single-pool Kt/V, where Kt/V = −ln(R-GFAC × t) + (4−3.5 × R) × UFV/W, was published in 1993 ( 1 ) and quickly became a standard tool for the estimation of dialysis dose. We aim to find a theoretical basis for this equation. Methods A mathematical derivation is used to find the connection between Kt/V and modeled urea concentrations. Results There is a theoretical basis for the empirical structure of the estimating equation, but the estimation of the effect of ultrafiltration on Kt/V can be improved. Finally, we show that the accuracy of the formula may be suboptimal for some extreme dialysis schedules and propose a new equation that is more robust across atypical dialysis prescriptions. Conclusions The currently used Kt/V estimating equation has a sound theoretical basis and an improved version is proposed that can maintain accuracy with a broader range of fluid removal.
Bioactive TGF-β1/HA Alginate-Based Scaffolds for Osteochondral Tissue Repair: Design, Realization and Multilevel Characterization
Authors: Coluccino Luca , Stagnaro Paola , Vassalli Massimo , Scaglione Silvia 
Published: January 2016

Background The design of an appropriate microenvironment for stem cell differentiation constitutes a multitask mission and a critical step toward the clinical application of tissue substitutes. With the aim of producing a bioactive material for orthopedic applications, a transforming growth factor-β (TGF- β1)/hydroxyapatite (HA) association within an alginate-based scaffold was investigated. The bioactive scaffold was carefully designed to offer specific biochemical cues for an efficient and selective cell differentiation toward the bony and chondral lineages. Methods Highly porous alginate scaffolds were fabricated from a mixture of calcium cross-linked alginates by means of a freeze-drying technique. In the chondral layer, the TGF in citric acid was mixed with an alginate/alginate-sulfate solution. In the bony layer, HA granules were added as bioactive signal, to offer an osteoinductive surface to the cells. Optical and scanning electron microscopy analyses were performed to assess the macro-micro architecture of the biphasic scaffold. Different mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the elastic modulus of the grafts. For the biological validation of the developed prototype, mesenchymal stem cells were loaded onto the samples; cellular adhesion, proliferation and in vivo biocompatibility were evaluated. Results and conclusions The results successfully demonstrated the efficacy of the designed osteochondral graft, which combined interesting functional properties and biomechanical performances, thus becoming a promising candidate for osteochondral tissue-engineering applications.