bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Defining the Right to Participate in Cultural Life as a Human Right
Authors: Romainville Céline 
Published: April 2017

Drawing on Cass Sunstein's theory of incompletely theorized and specified agreements, this article intends to describe, explain and assess the legal regime of the right to participate in cultural life in international law. It offers a redefinition of this human right as an incompletely theorised and specified agreement in order to make this human right suitable for a certain degree of operationalization. As a first step, this article qualifies the right to participate in cultural life as an incompletely generalized agreement: people do not agree on the theoretical foundations of this human right although there seems to be a loose agreement on the recognition of some component of this human right. As a second step, this article intends to show that the right to participate in cultural life worked and still works as an incompletely specified agreement: monitoring bodies have not yet received much possibility to make clear and operationalise it even if there was an agreement reached on this human right as a low level principle. This contribution then offered a redefinition of the right to participate in cultural life which aims at authorising an agreement on this human right as a ‘mid-level principle’ whenever there is still disagreement existing on the foundation of this latter right. Taking into account the dynamic and moving features of cultural life and the general and adaptive nature of international human rights law, this article intends to elaborate a legally relevant definition of the right to participate in cultural life as an incompletely generalised and specified agreement on a low level principle. This definition tries to open a third way between a restrictive definition of the right to participate in cultural life as a right to access a set of definite artworks and the broad ‘anthropological’ definition given in General Comment No. 21 of the Committee on economic, social and cultural rights.
Do lipid microemboli induce acute kidney injury during cardiopulmonary bypass?
Authors: Issitt Richard , James Tim , Walsh Bronagh , Voegeli David 
Published: April 2017

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) following cardiopulmonary bypass affects 5% of patients, representing significant postoperative morbidity and mortality. Animal models have shown an increased uptake of lipid microemboli (LME) into the renal vasculature, potentially indicating ischaemic causation. This study tested a new lipid filtration system (RemoweLL) against a conventional system with no lipid-depleting capacity to determine the efficacy of the filtration system and its effects on renal function. Methods: Thirty consecutive patients underwent coronary artery bypass graft surgery using either the RemoweLL filtration system (15 patients) or a conventional cardiopulmonary bypass circuit (15 patients). Renal function was assessed using cystatin C concentrations as a surrogate marker of glomerular injury, as well as perioperative glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and serum creatinine concentrations. Patients were defined as having acute renal injury if there was an increase in absolute serum creatinine ⩾3 mg/dL (26.4 µmol/L) or 1.5-fold increase from baseline as categorised using the AKIN criteria. Results: Postoperative differences in LME count between the two groups were highly significant [p<0.001]. Analysis of peak cystatin C concentrations showed significantly lower levels in the LME filtration group on the 2nd postoperative morning [p=0.04]. Two-factor ANOVA revealed a trend towards interaction, but this failed to reach significance [p=0.06]. There were no differences throughout the study period in serum creatinine or GFR [p>0.05]. There were no differences in any of the serum or urinary electrolytes. Conclusions: This study has shown a trend towards improved cystatin C removal with LME filtration; with significantly lower peak concentrations, although no further evidence of renoprotection could be demonstrated. Further research is warranted to establish possible renal benefits of LME filtration in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Analysis of 2019 Patients Undergoing Revision Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction From a Community-Based Registry
Authors: Arianjam Afshin , Inacio Maria C.S. , Funahashi Tadashi T. , Maletis Gregory B. 
Published: April 2017

Background:Knowledge of patient characteristics, surgical fixation, graft choice, outcomes, and concurrent injuries of revision anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is limited.Purpose:To describe the current cohort of revision ACLR captured by a community registry and the outcomes observed in the registered patients.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:Patients who underwent revision ACLR registered between February 2005 and June 2014, by 200 surgeons in 46 hospitals, were evaluated. The Kaiser Permanente ACLR Registry (KPACLRR) collected data intraoperatively and postoperatively using paper forms, electronic medical records, administrative claims data, and patient-reported outcomes. The KPACLRR cohort was longitudinally followed, and outcomes were prospectively ascertained. Outcomes (ie, revisions, subsequent operative procedures, deep surgical site infections, and deep venous thrombosis) were adjudicated via a chart review. Descriptive statistics were employed.Results:Of 2019 patients who underwent revision ACLR, at a median follow-up of 2.2 years (interquartile range, 1.0-3.8 years), 212 (10.5%) required subsequent operative procedures, and 86 (4.3%) were revised a second time. At the time of revision, 55.1% of the patients had at least 1 concurrent meniscal injury, and 26% of those were repairable. Cartilage injuries were present in 42.0% of patients. Deep surgical site infections occurred in 12 patients (0.6%), deep venous thrombosis occurred in 5 patients (0.3%), and 1 patient (0.1%) had a pulmonary embolism.Conclusion:Revision ACLR can be performed with a low short-term revision rate and relatively few complications. At the time of revision, nearly half of these patients had an irreparable meniscal injury, and slightly less than half had a cartilage injury. A large community-based ACLR registry is useful in informing surgeons of current treatment practices, prevalence of concurrent injuries, and outcomes associated with the procedures, especially infrequent procedures such as revision ACLR.
They Shall—or Shall Not—Pass? Communist State Borders in the Czech Culture of Remembrance after 1989
Authors: Šmidrkal Václav 
Published: April 2017

This article is part of the special section titled From the Iron Curtain to the Schengen Area, guest edited by Wolfgang Mueller and Libora Oates-Indruchová. This article analyses the formation of the two mutually opposing memory poles of the communist past that crystalized in Czechia after 1989. To this end, it focuses on the issue of communist state borders, which slowly developed into one of the most controversial memory conflicts. Anti-communist Iron Curtain discourse established a new mainstream “national memory” using the previous border regime as a prime example of the non-democratic rule that violated values that were constitutive of liberal democratic order after 1989. Nevertheless, the Communists’ border discourse did not fade away after 1989. It was sustained by communist politicians, party members and former Border Guards. It still influences the public memory of state borders by stressing their legitimacy, legality, and ultimately the inevitability of protecting them. The search for unequivocal heroes and evil-doers of the communist state border regime strengthens this split memory and makes embracing its complexity hardly possible. The existence of these two opposing memory discourses, which refute one another, is not just an example of group conflict over the “right” memory. It also illustrates deep postcommunist divides in Czech society going beyond the watershed events of 1989.
Simultaneous Bilateral Cataract Surgery in Outreach Surgical Camps
Authors: Giles Kagmeni , Robert Ebana Steve , Come Ebana Mvogo , Wiedemann Peter 
Published: April 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and visual outcomes of simultaneous bilateral cataract surgery (SBCS) with intraocular lens implantation performed in outreach surgical eye camps. Methods: The medical records of 47 consecutive patients who underwent simultaneous bilateral small-incision cataract surgery between January 2010 and December 2015 in outreach surgical camps in rural Cameroon were reviewed. The measures included postoperative visual outcomes and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results: Data from 94 eyes of 47 participants (30 men, 17 women; mean age: 60.93 ± 13.58 years, range: 45-80 years) were included in this study. The presented best visual acuity (VA) was less than 3/60 in 100% of the eyes. At the 4-week follow-up, 84.04% of the eyes showed increased VA of 1 line or more ( P = .001).Of these, 71 (75.53%) achieved good VA (greater than 6/18). Intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in 19 (20.21%) eyes. The most serious intraoperative complication was a posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss (2 patients, 2 eyes). The postoperative complications included a transient elevation in the intraocular pressure (6 eyes), chronic corneal oedema (5 eyes), iris capture (3 eyes), lens decentration (2 eyes), and hyphema (1 eye). No cases of postoperative endophthalmitis were recorded. Conclusions: Under the strict observation of endophthalmitis prophylaxis, SBCS is an option to reduce the cataract blindness backlog in rural areas of developing countries.
Psychological Responses to Acute Aerobic, Resistance, or Combined Exercise in Healthy and Overweight Individuals: A Systematic Review
Authors: Elkington Thomas J , Cassar Samantha , Nelson André R , Levinger Itamar 
Published: April 2017

Introduction: Psychological distress and depression are risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As such, a reduction in psychological distress and increase in positive well-being may be important to reduce the risk for future development of CVD. Exercise training may be a good strategy to prevent and assist in the management of psychological disorders. The psychological effects of the initial exercise sessions may be important to increase exercise adherence. The aims of this systematic review were (a) to examine whether acute aerobic, resistance, or a combination of the 2 exercises improves psychological well-being and reduces psychological distress in individuals with healthy weight and those who are overweight/obese but free from psychological disorders, and (b) if so, to examine which form of exercise might yield superior results. Methods: The online database PubMed was searched for articles using the PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, and outcome) framework for finding scientific journals based on key terms. Results: Forty-two exercise studies met the inclusion criteria. A total of 2187 participants were included (age: 18-64 years, body mass index [BMI]: 21-39 kg/m2). Only 6 studies included participants with a BMI in the overweight/obese classification. Thirty-seven studies included aerobic exercise, 2 included resistance exercise, 1 used a combination of aerobic and resistance, and 2 compared the effects of acute aerobic exercise versus the effects of acute resistance exercise. The main findings of the review were that acute aerobic exercise improves positive well-being and have the potential to reduce psychological distress and could help reduce the risks of future CVD. However, due to the limited number of studies, it is still unclear which form of exercise yields superior psychological benefits. Conclusions: Obese, overweight, and healthy weight individuals can exhibit psychological benefits from exercise in a single acute exercise session, and these positive benefits of exercise should be used by health professionals as a tool to increase long-term participation in exercise in these populations.
Integration of Functional MRI and White Matter Tractography in CyberKnife Radiosurgery
Authors: Sun Lu , Qu Baolin , Wang Jinyuan , Ju Zhongjian , Zhang Zizhong , Cui Zhiqiang , Jack Yang , Ling Zhipei , Yu Xinguang , Pan Longsheng 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: To investigate the efficacy of the integration of functional magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion-tensor imaging tractography data into CyberKnife radiosurgery for intracranial tumor management. Materials and Methods: Functional neuroimaging, anatomical magnetic resonance imaging, and computed tomography images of patients with brain lesions in critical areas were acquired before radiosurgery. The acquired data sets were coregistered using the MIM image fusion software module and then were imported into the CyberKnife Robotic Radiosurgery System (Multiplan 4.0.2) for delineating the target, organs at risk, and possible nearby functionally relevant cortical and subcortical areas. Radiation dose distributions with and without the functionally relevant cortical and subcortical areas into the optimization process were developed and compared. Results: There were significant differences between the treatment plans with and without the functionally relevant cortical and subcortical areas into the optimization process. An average 22.71% reduction in the maximum dose to functional areas was observed. No neurological complication due to radiation damage was observed in the follow-up period. Conclusion: The functional neuroimaging could be easily and reliably integrated into the CyberKnife treatment planning. Consideration of functional structures and fiber tracts during treatment planning could clinically reduce the radiation doses to these critical structures, thereby preserving its unique function of brain.
Activation of spinal alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor shortens the duration of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia by upregulating KCC2 in the spinal dorsal horn in rats
Authors: Gu Wei , Zhang Wei , Lei Yishan , Cui Yin , Chu Shuaishuai , Gu Xiaoping , Ma Zhengliang 
Published: April 2017

Background Accumulating evidence has shown that the signal from spinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B-K+-Cl− cotransporter-2 plays a critical role in the process of pain hypersensitivity. The activation of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors could have an analgesic effect on remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Nevertheless, whether intrathecal administration of PNU-120596, an alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors selective type II positive allosteric modulator, before surgery could affect the duration of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia remains unknown, and the effects of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors activation on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B-K+-Cl− cotransporter-2 signal in the spinal dorsal horn of rats with remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia is still enigmatic. Results We demonstrated that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B-K+-Cl− cotransporter-2 signal played a critical role in the development of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Intrathecal administration of PNU-120596 (8 µg/kg, 15 min before surgery) was associated with earlier signs of recovery from remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Simultaneously, remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia-induced K+-Cl− cotransporter-2 downregulation was partly reversed and coincided with a decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B in the spinal dorsal horn, approximately correlating with the time course of the nociceptive behavior. Moreover, intrathecal administration of the K+-Cl− cotransporter-2 inhibitor VU0240551 significantly reduced the analgesic effect of PNU-120596 on remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia. Conclusions The activation of alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors induced a shorter duration of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia by restoring the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine receptor kinase B-K+-Cl− cotransporter-2 signal in the spinal dorsal horn of rats, which provides new insight into treatment in clinical postoperative pain management.
Penetrating brain injury with a metal bar and a knife: Report of two interesting cases
Authors: Tabibkhooei Alireza , Taheri Morteza , Rohani Sadra , Chanideh Iran , Rahatlou Hessam 
Published: April 2017

Introduction Penetrating brain injury (PBI) is uncommon among the civilian population. Here, we report two interesting cases of PBI. Case presentation The first patient was a 20-year-old male who sustained a penetrating head injury with a metal bar during an accident at work. The patient underwent early surgical intervention, and related meningitis was treated with antibiotics. The patient was discharged 45 days later with no deficit. The second patient was a 34-year-old male who was the victim of a violence attack and was admitted to hospital. He was struck by a knife to his right temporal bone. A brain computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated the tract of the knife within the brain parenchyma. The patient underwent conservative treatment. After several weeks, the patient was discharged in good health. Conclusion Although severe PBI has a poorer prognosis than a blunt brain injury, in treating of these patients, aggressive and timely surgical intervention, proper wide-spectrum antibiotic administration, stringent and diligent care in the intensive-care unit and careful management of the associated complications are mandated.
Thrombus aspiration in acute coronary syndromes: prevalence, procedural success, change in serial troponin T levels and clinical outcomes in a contemporary Swiss cohort
Authors: Aghlmandi Soheila , Schärer Nadine , Heg Dik , Räber Lorenz , Zwahlen Marcel , Gencer Baris , Nanchen David , Carballo David , Carballo Sebastian , Jüni Peter , von Eckardstein Arnold , Landmesser Ulf , Rodondi Nicolas , Mach François , Windecker Stephan , Matter Christian M , Lüscher Thomas F , Klingenberg Roland 
Published: April 2017

Background: Randomised controlled trials have provided conflicting results regarding procedural and clinical outcomes of thrombus aspiration combined with percutaneous coronary intervention, when compared with primary percutaneous coronary intervention alone in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Methods: Acute coronary syndrome patients referred for coronary angiography to four Swiss university hospitals between 2009 and 2012 were enrolled in the SPUM–ACS cohort. At the discretion of the interventional cardiologist, patients underwent thrombus aspiration with percutaneous coronary intervention or percutaneous coronary intervention alone. Procedural success was defined as post-procedural thrombolysis in myocardial infarction III flow in the infarct-related artery. Serial changes in high-sensitivity troponin T (ΔhsTnT) and adjudicated 30 days (1 year) clinical events defined as the composite of cardiac death, recurrent myocardial infarction or clinically indicated coronary revascularisation were assessed. Results: Among 1641 patients, 777 (47.4%) had angiographic evidence of coronary thrombus. Patients were categorised into thrombus aspiration with percutaneous coronary intervention ( n=663) or percutaneous coronary intervention alone ( n=114). ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients more often received thrombus aspiration with percutaneous coronary intervention (87.8%) than non-STEMI patients (73.5%), P<0.001. Procedural success was not different in thrombus aspiration with percutaneous coronary intervention compared with percutaneous coronary intervention alone (93.8% vs. 90.7%, P=0.243). ΔhsTnT was similar in STEMI patients (3.09±4.52 vs. 2.19±4.92 µg/l, P=0.086) as was clinical outcome in the entire cohort at 30 days (2.9% vs. 3.6%, P=0.76) and 1 year (7.2% vs. 5.3%, P=0.55) regardless of whether thrombus aspiration was used during primary percutaneous coronary intervention or not. Conclusions: In this real-world acute coronary syndrome cohort, patients treated by thrombus aspiration with percutaneous coronary intervention showed no difference in the restoration of coronary blood flow compared with percutaneous coronary intervention alone immediately after the procedure. Furthermore, ΔhsTnT and clinical outcomes at either 30 days or 1 year were similar between thrombus aspiration with percutaneous coronary intervention or percutaneous coronary intervention alone. Clinical Trials Registration: SPUM–ACS cohort NCT01000701
Single-centre experience in using the adjustable transobturator male system in treatment of stress urinary incontinence in patients after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Buresova Eva , Vidlar Ales , Grepl Michal , Student Vladimir , Student Vladimir 
Published: April 2017

Context: Urinary incontinence is the most threatening complication after radical prostatectomy. This disorder has an important impact on the quality of life of patients and its treatment is a challenge for urologists as well. Objective: The objective of this article is to report our experience with the adjustable transobturator male system (ATOMS, AMI, Austria) for the treatment of post-prostatectomy incontinence. Material and methods: A total of 35 men with post-prostatectomy incontinence were treated. Before and after device implantation, the number of pads used per day was counted, and a one-hour pad test, uroflowmetry and postmicturition residual volume were assessed. Prior to surgery, anastomosis stricture was either ruled out or treated. To evaluate the success rate, ‘cured’ was defined as no pad use or one safety pad, ‘improved’ was defined as one or two pads or reduction of pad usage by more than 50%, respectively. All data about efficacy and safety were collected from all 35 patients. Results: After a median (range) follow-up of 21.2 (3–63) months, the success rate was 32 out of 35 patients (91.5%) with 22 patients (62.9%) ‘cured’ and 10 patients (28.6%) ‘improved’. Recovery of continence was achieved in seven patients (20.0%). The remaining patients (80%) needed an adjustment. The mean (range) number of adjustments to reach desired results (continence, improvement or patient satisfaction) was 4.3 (1–15). The most common adverse event was transient perineal pain, which was reported in 14 (40%) patients and disappeared within two weeks. Temporary urine retention appeared in one patient (2.9%). There were three cases (8.6%) of wound infection at the site of a port leading to explantation of the port in two patients (5.7%) and the removal of the system in one patient (2.9%). Conclusion: Treatment of post-prostatectomy incontinence with the self-anchoring ATOMS is safe and effective.