bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Lubrication Performance of Ga–In–Sn Liquid Metal via Electrochemical Boronising Treatment
Authors: Li Pengfei , Wu Hongxing , Dong Jianxin , Yin Shaochong , Feng Ningbo , Hua Ke , Wang Haifeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAs one of the liquid metals, Ga–In–Sn liquid metals can function as an advanced lubricant with high conductivity in a tribology system. It has already revealed advancements in several applications, such as coolants and electromechanical relays. However, Ga–In–Sn liquid metal shows poor lubrication performance on industrial metallic materials, which limits its application in engineering. In this study, the electrochemical boronising strategy was applied to improve the lubrication effect of Ga–In–Sn liquid metal on steel friction pairs. Electrochemical boronising treatment was performed to the base material AISI 52100, and a boronised layer with a thickness of around 64 μm was generated. Tribology tests were carried out on both boronised and original samples with the lubrication of Ga–In–Sn liquid metal (68.5 wt% Ga, 21.5 wt% In and 10 wt% Sn). Results show that the wear resistance of the tribo‐system reveals great improvement: The coefficient of friction decreases by 59% and the wear rate drops 85% compared to the steel/steel friction pair. EDS and XPS results show that a tribofilm consisted of Fe/Ga was in situ–generated on the wear scar of the boronised sample, which results in the synergy effect between the boronised layer and the Ga–In–Sn liquid metal. Therefore, we provided a robust strategy to enhance the lubrication performance of Ga–In–Sn liquid metal on a steel friction pair by using electrochemical boronising treatment, which could broaden the application field of Ga–In–Sn liquid metals.
Building a pelvic organ prolapse diagnostic model using vision transformer on multi‐sequence MRI
Authors: Zhu Shaojun , Zhu Xiaoxuan , Zheng Bo , Wu Maonian , Li Qiongshan , Qian Cheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlthough the uterus, bladder, and rectum are distinct organs, their muscular fasciae are often interconnected. Clinical experience suggests that they may share common risk factors and associations. When one organ experiences prolapse, it can potentially affect the neighboring organs. However, the current assessment of disease severity still relies on manual measurements, which can yield varying results depending on the physician, thereby leading to diagnostic inaccuracies.PurposeThis study aims to develop a multilabel grading model based on deep learning to classify the degree of prolapse of three organs in the female pelvis using stress magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and provide interpretable result analysis.MethodsWe utilized sagittal MRI sequences taken at rest and during maximum Valsalva maneuver from 662 subjects. The training set included 464 subjects, the validation set included 98 subjects, and the test set included 100 subjects (training set n = 464, validation set n = 98, test set n = 100). We designed a feature extraction module specifically for pelvic floor MRI using the vision transformer architecture and employed label masking training strategy and pre‐training methods to enhance model convergence. The grading results were evaluated using Precision, Kappa, Recall, and Area Under the Curve (AUC). To validate the effectiveness of the model, the designed model was compared with classic grading methods. Finally, we provided interpretability charts illustrating the model's operational principles on the grading task.ResultsIn terms of POP grading detection, the model achieved an average Precision, Kappa coefficient, Recall, and AUC of 0.86, 0.77, 0.76, and 0.86, respectively. Compared to existing studies, our model achieved the highest performance metrics. The average time taken to diagnose a patient was 0.38 s.ConclusionsThe proposed model achieved detection accuracy that is comparable to or even exceeds that of physicians, demonstrating the effectiveness of the vision transformer architecture and label masking training strategy for assisting in the grading of POP under static and maximum Valsalva conditions. This offers a promising option for computer‐aided diagnosis and treatment planning of POP.
Prediction of electron‐solid interaction parameters using machine learning
Authors: Akbari Fatemeh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundElectron backscattering coefficient and electron‐stopping power are essential concepts in many disciplines, from radiation to materials science, semiconductor manufacturing, and space exploration. They enable precise calculations, measurements, and simulations of electron interactions with matter, which contribute to advancing science, technology, and safety in a variety of applications. The availability of these data is fundamental to scientific research to validate hypotheses, conduct experiments, and explore new theories. A relatively novel machine learning approach has demonstrated notable success in enhancing data quality and completeness, significantly contributing to the facilitation of data discovery.PurposeUsing fundamental material property data, the stacking ensemble machine learning (EML) technique was established in this study to generate electron‐solid interaction parameters for any target material over a wide range of energies. The final stacking EML was built using the base and meta learners bagging regressor (BR), K‐nearest neighbors (k‐NN), random forest (RF), support vector regression (SVR), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGB).MethodsIn this study, two publicly available databases with a total of 4030 data points were used. Training datasets have 785 and 525 data points for electron backscattering coefficient and stopping power, respectively, whereas testing datasets contain 262 and 175 data points. Five features were used as input variables to train different individual algorithms and their combinations. On both the training and test datasets, the model was evaluated using different error metrics, including R‐squared (R2), mean‐absolute‐error (MAE), root‐mean‐squared‐error (RMSE), and mean‐absolute‐percentage‐error (MAPE).ResultsOur model evaluation tests revealed that combining RF and XGB with a k‐NN meta‐learner outperformed other algorithms. The analysis of error metrics demonstrated a very close fit to all samples in each training dataset. Furthermore, predictions made by the model on unseen test data indicated accurate estimations of new backscattering and stopping power data.ConclusionsThe developed model achieved high prediction accuracy for various target materials across the broad electron energy spectrum. The outcomes demonstrate the effectiveness of machine learning methodology and the chosen models' suitability for addressing substantial physics challenges.
First Contact Physiotherapy: A 4‐Year Service Evaluation of UK Primary Care Data
Authors: Henning Michael , Henning Rose , Lynch Gethin 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe First Contact Physiotherapist (FCP) role offers patients direct access to musculoskeletal (MSK) specialists in primary care settings and is designed to reduce GP workload while providing high‐quality care. Despite positive early evaluations of FCP services, there remains a need for up‐to‐date assessments of their impact.AimTo evaluate the FCP model of care implemented in an NHS Primary Care Network (PCN) against pre‐defined service objectives.MethodA service evaluation was conducted using data from April 2020 to March 2024. Key performance indicators were based on national FCP evaluation criteria. Data included appointment utilisation, wait times, referral patterns, patient and staff satisfaction surveys, and audit results from clinical data.ResultsOver 4 years, 12,185 patients were seen. Of these, 69% of patients were seen as true first contacts. The majority of patients (86.4%) were managed within primary care, with a referral rate of 8.5% to outpatient physiotherapy and 5.1% to orthopaedics. Patient satisfaction was high, with 82% rating their FCP experience as excellent or outstanding.DiscussionThe FCP service successfully met its objectives by reducing GP workload and providing effective care. However, there was an increase in outpatient physiotherapy referrals over the 4‐year period. Staff satisfaction was generally positive, though some highlighted concerns about appointment duration and workload.ConclusionThis evaluation demonstrates that FCP services provide a viable solution for managing MSK conditions in primary care. Future research should explore the most effective MSK service delivery models and incorporate digital solutions for comprehensive outcome and experience measures.
Exploring the efficacy and tolerability of two‐injection start regimen of long‐acting aripiprazole: A descriptive case series analysis
Authors: Sungur Ibrahim , Keskin Kaan , Aktaş Elif Özge , Eker Mehmet Çağdaş 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBipolar disorder is the fourth most debilitating psychiatric illness in the world regarding Disability Adjusted Life Years and manic episodes frequently lead to lengthy hospitalizations which restricts the freedom of patients. Therefore, decreasing the length of hospitalization with safer agents is of utmost importance in the treatment of manic episodes. Aripiprazole is a medication known for its efficacy in managing mania associated with bipolar disorder. Aripiprazole long‐acting injection is approved for the treatment of mania associated with bipolar disorder in adults and found efficacious as a maintenance treatment. In the treatment of schizophrenia, European Medicines Agency has approved a simplified starting strategy of aripiprazole once a month, with two 400 mg injections and a single oral 20 mg dose of aripiprazole. To the best of our knowledge, no previous study has reported the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of this regimen in adult bipolar disorder patients. We present a case series of eight patients who were admitted to the hospital in a manic episode with psychotic features. We observed that the double injection start regimen was effective in treating manic symptoms with no specific severe adverse events. We conclude from a small sample of manic patients that a double injection start regimen has good efficacy and tolerability.
Outcomes of relapsed favorable‐histology Wilms tumor in non‐clinical trial setting
Authors: Schneller Netta , Daw Najat , Throckmorton Whitney , Mullen Elizabeth , DeSmith Kylene , Mascarenhas Leo , O'Connell Cameron , Fernandez Conrad V. , Sutton Kathryn S. , Venkatramani Rajkumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe last major North American cooperative group clinical trial for relapsed favorable‐histology Wilms tumor (FHWT) was completed in 2002. The outcomes of patients with relapsed Wilms tumor subsequently treated outside of clinical trials are unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and toxicity of salvage therapies used for patients with FHWT suffering first relapse.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective chart review of patients treated for first relapse of FHWT at six large North American institutions from January 2002 through August 2018.ResultsNinety‐four patients were identified. Thirty‐six patients were classified as standard‐risk relapse (SRR), 49 patients as high‐risk relapse (HRR), and seven patients as very high‐risk relapse (VHRR). Two patients were unable to be classified. Twenty‐one patients with SRR were treated with Regimen I. The 4‐year event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) for SRR were 82.4% and 93.3%, respectively, with median follow‐up of 72 months. Twenty‐eight HRR/VHRR patients were treated with ICE therapy, while 13 received National Wilms Tumor Study (5th) (NWTS‐5) Stratum C. No patient completed protocol therapy per Stratum C; median maintenance cycles administered were two cycles. The 4‐year EFS and OS for HRR/VHRR were 32.6% and 58.3%, respectively, with median follow‐up of 33 months.ConclusionsOutcomes for all strata of relapsed WT patients treated in a non‐clinical setting appear to have similar outcomes to historical cohorts treated on NWTS‐5. Improved strategies are urgently needed for HRR and VHRR relapses.
Vaping behavior among adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: A scoping review
Authors: Clayton Colter K. , Loecher Nele , Webster Rachel T. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAdolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors are vulnerable to future health complications and engage in risky health behaviors. Vaping or electronic cigarette use is increasing among AYA, yet little is known about the prevalence in AYA cancer survivors and associated morbidities. The objective of this research was to analyze the current state of the literature on vaping among AYA cancer survivors with scoping review methodology. Eligibility criteria included any vaping among people aged 13–39 years with cancer or a history of cancer. Database searches from PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus yielded eight cross‐sectional studies. Results suggest significant variability, with studies finding 2%–46% of AYA survivors have ever or currently vape. Medical (e.g., late effects), psychosocial (e.g., depression), and demographic correlates (e.g., younger age, male gender), as well as other risky health behaviors (e.g., cigarette smoking) were shown to be associated with vaping. Though the extant research is beginning the task of understanding comorbidities with vaping, few research has focused on those most vulnerable to vaping (survivors under age 18). More research is required to understand AYA survivors’ vaping behavior to better understand the significance and implications regarding the growing incidence of vaping among this vulnerable population.
Experimental and numerical investigation of the damage propagation in regularly arrayed short fiber reinforced composite laminates under low‐velocity impact
Authors: Hu Junfeng , Huang Yinyuan , Li Minglong , Zhang Siqi , Lu Wenlong , Zhu Rui , Yang Haotian , Wang Bowen , Zhao Jianping , Chen Dingding 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe outstanding mechanical performance and flowability of unidirectionally arrayed chopped strands (UACSs) give them an advantage in the manufacture of engineering structures with complex geometry. For the application of practical structures, the impact responses and damage evolution of material under low‐velocity impact must be investigated in advance. In this study, UACS laminates and continuous carbon fiber laminates with a stacking sequence of [0/90]4s and a thickness of 2 mm were fabricated for low‐velocity impact tests at 7, 11, 15, and 20 J. The impact responses and postimpact intralaminar damage area were analyzed according to the experimental results, including impact load responses and ultrasound C‐scan inspections. Moreover, to predict the damage evolution of the internal structure, the 3D finite element models were constructed in ABAQUS using a progressive damage model (PDM) through a user‐material subroutine VUMAT. Compared with continuous carbon fiber laminates, the dissipated energy of UACS laminates increases by approximately 10.64% and 57.37% for the 15 and 20 J, respectively. However, the intralaminar damage area of UACS laminates decreased by 29.96% and 28.16% at 15 and 20 J, respectively, since the discontinuous slits in UACS laminates can guide damage paths and suppress damage propagation.Highlights
The regularly arrayed short fiber reinforced composite was studied.
Revealed the low‐velocity impact responses and predicted the damage evolution.
UACS and CFRP laminates have comparable impact performance.
Illustrated the slits design can suppress the damage to a relatively small area.
Scratch load and indenter type dependent scratch evaluation of milled carbon fiber filled basalt fiber/epoxy composites with factorial design
Authors: Fidan Sinan , Ürgün Satilmiş , Bora Mustafa Özgür , Özsoy Mehmet Iskender 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis work investigates the addition of milled carbon fiber reinforcement and its effect on scratch resistance and mechanical durability for basalt fiber/epoxy composites, assessed under varied loading conditions with the aid of different indenter types according to a factorial design. Composites with MCF content from 0 to 10 wt% were prepared. Scratch behaviors under Vickers and Rockwell indenters were studied for loads of 5, 10, and 15 N. The addition of 10 wt% MCF has resulted in scratch hardness increase from 13.255 N/mm2 up to 47.952 N/mm2, depending on the type of indenter used. Precisely, in conditions of a 5 N load and when a Rockwell‐type indenter was used, a scratch hardness maximum of 47.952 N/mm2 was achieved, while for a Vickers‐type indenter under the same conditions, the maximum value of its equivalent was 23.327 N/mm2. Profilometric and SEM analyses evidence that matrix cracks and surface deformation have been reduced with higher MCF content, at least for the application of lower scratch test loads. The mechanical and surface performances of the basalt fiber composites were found to be considerably improved by the reinforcement with MCF.Highlights
Scratch resistance for milled carbon fibers increases and peaks at 10 wt% reinforcement.
The Rockwell indenter indicates a steady increase in hardness up to 47,952 N/mm2.
Peak hardness of 10 wt% is observed under the Vickers indenter for the 5 N load.
Higher milled carbon fiber content reduces matrix cracking and surface deformation.
There is a clear correlation between scratch performance, milled carbon fiber content, and indenter type.
Advancing self‐lubricating technology: Selective laser sintering molding assisted development of copper‐based polytetrafluoroethylene /graphite composites
Authors: Wu Haihua , Gao Aodong , Zhang Hualong , Gong Liang , Zeng Shiyu , Li Siwei , Liu Mingmin , Chen Yihao , Guo Yuxiong , Wang Xiaolong 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThis study introduces an innovative technique for the fabrication of copper‐based polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/graphite self‐lubricating composites. By harnessing the exceptional capabilities of selective laser sintering (SLS), we efficiently create three‐dimensional, continuous, and porous graphite preforms. Following this, the composite is formed through a combination of electroplating and vacuum extrusion methods. Subsequently, PTFE was vacuum impregnated into the microporous structure of the graphite preforms, and the composites were obtained through freeze‐drying, plasticizing, and machining processes. The resulting copper‐based PTFE/graphite self‐lubricating composites exhibit an exceptional blend of properties. Notably, there is a significant reduction in the average coefficient of friction, dropping from 0.14 to 0.02, and a marked decrease in the wear rate, from 1.358 × 10−5 to 1.109 × 10−5 mm3/N·m, as compared to graphite as a standalone lubricant. This represents a substantial improvement in performance, underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed fabrication method.Highlights
The porous graphite with controllable shape distribution was prepared.
Surface copper plating improves surface bonding.
Controllable copper matrix composites with double lubricant were prepared.
The average friction coefficient is as low as 0.02.
Prenatal Phenotypic Analysis of Branchio‐Oto‐Renal Spectrum Disorder Attributable to EYA1 Gene Pathogenic Variants and Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Tian Yuan , Lv Yuexia , Wang Handuo , Che Jia , Cui Fangying , Guo Jing , Tian Weifang , Peng Jia , Yang Bo , Li Haiyu , Zhou Baixue , Zhu Xiaolu , Cui Xueyin , Liu Ling 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundBranchio‐oto‐renal (BOR) spectrum disorders are linked to pathogenic variants in the EYA1 gene, presenting significant challenges for prenatal ultrasound screening due to their phenotypic variability and complexity. Understanding these disorders' phenotypic expressions and genetic foundations is crucial.MethodsOur study included pregnant women who underwent fetal whole‐exome sequencing at the Department of Medical Genetics and Prenatal Diagnosis, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan, China between January 2023 and March 2024. We identified a novel EYA1 gene pathogenic variant and conducted a systematic literature review of all reported prenatal cases associated with EYA1‐related diseases, focusing on the detectability of these conditions in prenatal ultrasound. Additionally, we systematically reviewed case reports related to the EYA1 gene, emphasizing missense pathogenic variants for functional predictions and locus position analysis.ResultsOur research discovered a new pathogenic variant within the EYA1 gene, highlighting the difficulty of detecting BOR spectrum disorder phenotypes through prenatal ultrasound due to their subtle manifestations. We found that amniotic fluid anomalies and cardiac abnormalities are more prevalent in prenatal cases compared to postnatal cases. A critical region within the EYA Homologous Region (eyaHR) was identified, where missense pathogenic variants significantly affect protein stability, indicating a crucial area associated with the severity of phenotypic expression in EYA1 gene‐associated disorders.ConclusionThis study enhances the understanding of the genetic landscape of BOR spectrum disorders and suggests that certain phenotypic markers and genetic regions may be pivotal in improving prenatal screening and diagnosis for EYA1‐related diseases.
New insights into the catalyst and cocatalyst pre‐contact process in ethylene copolymerization
Authors: Davand Razieh , Sepahi Abdolhannan , Hosseini Shahin , Dehghani Ourmazd , Nikzinat Ehsan , Houshmandmoayed Saeed , Biglarkhani Mahdi 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe influence of pre‐contacting time and temperature as well as mixing intensity on polyethylene copolymerization has been investigated employing DSC, rotational rheometry tests, as well as particle size distribution analysis. For this purpose, a commercial‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst has been pre‐contacted with Teal as cocatalyst under different time, temperature, and stirring speed followed by similar polymerization process. It was found that the increase in mixing intensity has no impact on rheological properties; it causes increase in crystallinity percentage of polymer due to better distribution of active centers. Moreover, the pre‐contacting time represents the most impact on catalyst activity and rheology of polymer powder while the pre‐contacting temperature changes is mostly effective on controlling the morphology of polymer. Additionally, the results reveal that 10‐min pre‐contacting of catalyst and Teal under 10°C and stirring speed of 500 rpm was accompanied by highest catalyst activity and lowest content of fine particles.Highlights
Pre‐activation was studied under different time and temperature.
Adjusting pre‐contacting time influences the polymer morphology.
Pre‐contacting under lower temperature results in narrower molecular weight distribution.