bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships between road‐distance to primary care facilities and ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality in Hokkaido, Japan: A Bayesian hierarchical approach to ecological count data
Authors: Saijo Yasuaki , Yoshioka Eiji , Kawanishi Yasuyuki , Nakagi Yoshihiko , Hanley Sharon J.B. , Yoshida Takahiko 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivePoor access to a primary care physician may lead to poor control of risk factors for disease. This study investigated whether geographic access to a primary care physician was related to ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality.MethodsRoad‐distances from the centroids of the basic unit blocks of the 2010 Japanese Census to the nearest primary care facilities in Hokkaido, northern Japan, were measured using geographic information system (GIS) software. Next, block population‐weighted mean road‐distances to primary care facilities in all municipalities were calculated. The numbers of deaths from ischemic heart disease and stroke were obtained from the Vital Statistics Bureau. A Bayesian spatial conditional autoregressive (CAR) model was used to analyze relative risk (RR) by road‐distance with the numbers of physicians in the municipality included as a covariate.ResultsRelative risk (per 1 kilometer increased) of death from ischemic heart disease to road‐distance to the nearest primary care facility was not significantly higher in men (1.108: 95% credible interval [CI] 0.999‐1.037) and women (1.023: 95% CI 1.000‐1.046). However, RR of death from stroke was significantly higher in men (1.019: 95% CI 1.005‐1.032) and women (1.019: 95% CI 1.006‐1.033).ConclusionLonger road‐distance to a primary care facility may increase the risk of stroke mortality.
Tokyo Guidelines 2018: flowchart for the management of acute cholecystitis
Authors: Okamoto Kohji , Suzuki Kenji , Takada Tadahiro , Strasberg Steven M. , Asbun Horacio J. , Endo Itaru , Iwashita Yukio , Hibi Taizo , Pitt Henry A. , Umezawa Akiko , Asai Koji , Han Ho‐Seong , Hwang Tsann‐Long , Mori Yasuhisa , Yoon Yoo‐Seok , Huang Wayne Shih‐Wei , Belli Giulio , Dervenis Christos , Yokoe Masamichi , Kiriyama Seiki , Itoi Takao , Jagannath Palepu , Garden O. James , Miura Fumihiko , Nakamura Masafumi , Horiguchi Akihiko , Wakabayashi Go , Cherqui Daniel , de Santibañes Eduardo , Shikata Satoru , Noguchi Yoshinori , Ukai Tomohiko , Higuchi Ryota , Wada Keita , Honda Goro , Supe Avinash Nivritti , Yoshida Masahiro , Mayumi Toshihiko , Gouma Dirk J. , Deziel Daniel J. , Liau Kui‐Hin , Chen Miin‐Fu , Shibao Kazunori , Liu Keng‐Hao , Su Cheng‐Hsi , Chan Angus C. W. , Yoon Dong‐Sup , Choi In‐Seok , Jonas Eduard , Chen Xiao‐Ping , Fan Sheung Tat , Ker Chen‐Guo , Giménez Mariano Eduardo , Kitano Seigo , Inomata Masafumi , Hirata Koichi , Inui Kazuo , Sumiyama Yoshinobu , Yamamoto Masakazu 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe propose a new flowchart for the treatment of acute cholecystitis (AC) in the Tokyo Guidelines 2018 (TG18). Grade III AC was not indicated for straightforward laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Lap‐C). Following analysis of subsequent clinical investigations and drawing on Big Data in particular, TG18 proposes that some Grade III AC can be treated by Lap‐C when performed at advanced centers with specialized surgeons experienced in this procedure and for patients that satisfy certain strict criteria. For Grade I, TG18 recommends early Lap‐C if the patients meet the criteria of Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) ≤5 and American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification (ASA‐PS) ≤2. For Grade II AC, if patients meet the criteria of CCI ≤5 and ASA‐PS ≤2, TG18 recommends early Lap‐C performed by experienced surgeons; and if not, after medical treatment and/or gallbladder drainage, Lap‐C would be indicated. TG18 proposes that Lap‐C is indicated in Grade III patients with strict criteria. These are that the patients have favorable organ system failure, and negative predictive factors, who meet the criteria of CCI ≤3 and ASA‐PS ≤2 and who are being treated at an advanced center (where experienced surgeons practice). If the patient is not considered suitable for early surgery, TG18 recommends early/urgent biliary drainage followed by delayed Lap‐C once the patient's overall condition has improved. Free full articles and mobile app of TG18 are available at: http://www.jshbps.jp/modules/en/index.php?content_id=47. Related clinical questions and references are also included.
Paths to Development? Rural Roads and Multidimensional Poverty in the Hills and Plains of Nepal
Authors: Bucheli José R. , Bohara Alok K. , Villa Kira 
Published: October 2017

AbstractWe examine the impact of rural road construction on multidimensional poverty by using Nepal's Demographic and Health Survey and a difference‐in‐differences approach. We find reductions in deprivation, mainly driven by asset ownership and dwelling infrastructure, and small or non‐significant effects on health and education. Results are robust to different specifications and estimation methods, although we find heterogeneity across groups and dimensions. We argue that the heterogeneity might be driven by labour characteristics, infrastructure requirements, time considerations; and risk assessment and decision‐making practices. Our work highlights the importance of multidimensional measures to assess poverty and to evaluate infrastructure projects. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Support vector machine for breast cancer classification using diffusion‐weighted MRI histogram features: Preliminary study
Authors: Vidić Igor , Egnell Liv , Jerome Neil P. , Teruel Jose R. , Sjøbakk Torill E. , Østlie Agnes , Fjøsne Hans E. , Bathen Tone F. , Goa Pål Erik 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundDiffusion‐weighted MRI (DWI) is currently one of the fastest developing MRI‐based techniques in oncology. Histogram properties from model fitting of DWI are useful features for differentiation of lesions, and classification can potentially be improved by machine learning.PurposeTo evaluate classification of malignant and benign tumors and breast cancer subtypes using support vector machine (SVM).Study TypeProspective.SUBJECTSFifty‐one patients with benign (n = 23) and malignant (n = 28) breast tumors (26 ER+, whereof six were HER2+).Field Strength/SequencePatients were imaged with DW‐MRI (3T) using twice refocused spin‐echo echo‐planar imaging with echo time / repetition time (TR/TE) = 9000/86 msec, 90 × 90 matrix size, 2 × 2 mm in‐plane resolution, 2.5 mm slice thickness, and 13 b‐values.AssessmentApparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), relative enhanced diffusivity (RED), and the intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) parameters diffusivity (D), pseudo‐diffusivity (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) were calculated. The histogram properties (median, mean, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis) were used as features in SVM (10‐fold cross‐validation) for differentiation of lesions and subtyping.Statistical TestsAccuracies of the SVM classifications were calculated to find the combination of features with highest prediction accuracy. Mann–Whitney tests were performed for univariate comparisons.ResultsFor benign versus malignant tumors, univariate analysis found 11 histogram properties to be significant differentiators. Using SVM, the highest accuracy (0.96) was achieved from a single feature (mean of RED), or from three feature combinations of IVIM or ADC. Combining features from all models gave perfect classification. No single feature predicted HER2 status of ER + tumors (univariate or SVM), although high accuracy (0.90) was achieved with SVM combining several features. Importantly, these features had to include higher‐order statistics (kurtosis and skewness), indicating the importance to account for heterogeneity.Data ConclusionOur findings suggest that SVM, using features from a combination of diffusion models, improves prediction accuracy for differentiation of benign versus malignant breast tumors, and may further assist in subtyping of breast cancer.Level of Evidence: 3Technical Efficacy: Stage 3J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1205–1216.
Animal models of neuroinflammation secondary to acute insults originated outside the brain
Authors: Hamasaki Mike Yoshio , Machado Marcel Cerqueira César , Pinheiro da Silva Fabiano 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe term “neuroinflammation” has been widely used to describe a series of acute or chronic conditions that cause inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS). Neurological damage can be a consequence of direct local injury or, secondary, of systemic or even distant inflammatory processes. In this respect, animal models have been developed to better understand the pathophysiology and, possibly, to evaluate more effective methods of treatment for these disorders. Animal models that promote alterations in blood–brain barrier permeability—the activation of microglia or astrocytes, modifications in neuropeptide expression, oxidative stress, increased apoptosis, release of inflammatory mediators, leukocyte infiltration, and brain edema—are likely to involve neuroinflammation and therefore can serve as useful models for human inflammatory CNS injury. This review describes the major animal models of neuroinflammation triggered by systemic or distant inflammatory processes. We will focus on animal models of acute neurologic damage; experimental models that lead to chronic neuroinflammation will not be addressed here.
Characterization of rainstorm modes along the upper mainstream of Yangtze River during 2003–2016
Authors: Wu Xushu , Guo Shenglian , Liu Dedi , Hong Xingjun , Liu Zhangjun , Liu Pan , Chen Hua 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTAccurate knowledge of extrveme rainfall mode (time distribution) is crucial for many fields, such as hydraulic structure design, flood control and reservoir operation. The rainstorm modes along the upper mainstream of Yangtze River (UMYR) during 2003–2016 were investigated by fuzzy mode identification method, linear regression and Mann–Kendall test. Results show that unimodal rainstorms are more frequently seen than bimodal ones, and those with late peaks are dominant along UMYR. Moreover, rainstorms tend to centre on downstream UMYR. Trend analysis reveals moderate decreases in regional mean rainstorm frequency and amount, but an increase in regional mean peak intensity. Unimodal rainstorms with early peaks and bimodal rainstorms with early and late peaks have increased significantly. However, unimodal rainstorms with late peaks and bimodal rainstorms with middle and late peaks show decreases. Spatially, decreases in rainstorm frequency, amount and peak intensity are found in downstream, while peak intensity shows an increasing trend in the upper UMYR. Along the river reach, mean rainstorm levels are generally below 100 mm. In comparison to bimodal rainstorms, unimodal rainstorms are more intense, and those with middle peaks are considered most intense with mean levels of peak intensity generally ranging from 25 to 50 mm h−1. For other rainstorm modes, the mean levels of peak intensity are generally below 25 mm h−1. Finally, we found there is a potential change in the dominant rainstorm mode in downstream UMYR, where unimodal rainstorms with early peaks have become the prevalent local rainstorm mode in recent years, replacing unimodal rainstorms with late peaks.
Influence of increasing temperature on the scorpion sting incidence by climatic regions
Authors: Hurtado‐Díaz Magali , Guzmán‐Ontiveros José , Arias‐Medellín Luis A. , Hernández‐Cadena Leticia , Moreno‐Banda Grea L. , Rodriguez‐Dozal Sandra L. , Texcalac‐Sangrador José L. , Zúñiga‐Bello Pamela E. , Riojas‐Rodríguez Horacio 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTScorpion stings are a major public health concern representing a frequent cause of intoxication in many countries. The present study aims to examine the impact of climate variability in different climatic regions of the state of Morelos in Mexico on the incidence of scorpion stings. An ecological study was conducted using a retrospective time‐series analysis. Weekly reported scorpion sting cases from the Unique System of Information for Epidemiological Surveillance (SUIVE) and daily temperature and precipitation from the National Meteorological Service were obtained from 1999 to 2007. The geographical region of study was divided according three climatic conditions into Hot region (HR), Warm region (WR) and Cold region (CR). Generalized Linear Models were used to estimate the percent change [95% confidence intervals (CI)] of scorpion sting cases associated to an increase of 1 °C of temperature and 1 cm of precipitation in each climatic region. During the period of study there were 281 076 scorpion sting cases reported in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Positive correlations among temperature and scorpion sting cases were found (R = 0.59 and 0.70 in the HR and WR, respectively). Regions with the hottest temperatures had the greatest effect, showing a 9.8% (CI 95%: 8.30–11.30) increase in scorpion sting cases per 1 °C increased in temperature. Increase in minimum and maximum temperatures have a delayed effect on scorpion stings cases and these may vary by climatic region.
Spatio‐temporal pattern of meteorological droughts and its possible linkage with climate variability
Authors: Zhou Han , Liu Yuanbo 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTSpatial pattern of meteorological droughts is a critical element for investigating drought condition. Empirical orthogonal function (EOF) and rotated EOF (REOF) methods are widely used to discriminate dominant patterns. Previous works focused on case applications but left the associated physical meanings unexplored. This study employs the EOF, wavelet analysis, and stepwise regression methods to distinguish spatio‐temporal patterns of meteorological droughts with pattern interpretation. For this purpose, monthly precipitation data were used from 73 meteorological stations in the Poyang Lake basin of China for the period of 1960–2007. Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) was applied to quantify meteorological droughts. Our results identified four leading EOF/REOF patterns at the basin scale. Seasonal SPI series showed more dominant periods than monthly SPI series, indicating periodic complexity of regional droughts. The dominant periods coincided with those of the EOF/REOF time coefficients. The four leading EOF/REOFs were significantly related to the dominant time scales of 2, 3, 6, 11, 16, and 17 years, except for the fifth EOF/REOF. Stepwise regression analysis further indicated that the four leading EOF/REOFs be likely the superposition of SPI variation from inter‐annual and inter‐decadal scales. The SPI series at different time scales (1–36 months) showed significant correlations with climate teleconnection modes, confirming the existence of identified spatio‐temporal pattern. The Niño3.4 and Southern Oscillation were the primary teleconnection modes that influenced the variability of meteorological droughts over the basin. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the North Atlantic Oscillation also contributed to the regional dry/wet alternation. The findings provide important implications for understanding spatial and temporal variation of regional droughts.
Analysis of uncertainty for N2O fluxes measured with the closed‐chamber method under field conditions: Calculation method, detection limit, and spatial variability.
Authors: Lammirato Carlo , Lebender Ulrike , Tierling Jens , Lammel Joachim 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe search for agricultural practices that mitigate N2O emissions, and the validation and development of models, would benefit if the uncertainty of emission estimates would be reduced relative to current levels. This uncertainty has different sources, such as the error of the flux measurements, the error caused by spatially scaling up measurements to the field or regional level, and the error caused by estimating emissions for the time intervals between measurements by interpolation. This paper focuses on the uncertainty of flux measurements and on flux spatial variability, which is a major cause of error when measured fluxes are scaled up spatially. The analysis focuses on 2415 flux measurements made with the closed chamber method over a monitoring campaign of approximately 3 years.Statistically significant nonlinearities in the changes of N2O concentrations during chamber closure were infrequent (8.3%). Further analysis of significant non‐linear concentration changes indicates that, for positive fluxes, nonlinearity might not always be an artifact caused by chamber placement, but that it can reflect natural temporal variability of the flux during chamber placement in a significant number of cases. The analysis of the coefficients of determination (R2) and of the normalized root mean squared errors (NRMSE) of the linear regressions shows that, below emission rates of 5 g N2O‐N ha−1 d−1, the uncertainty of flux estimates strongly increases. The flux detection limit was 3.5 g N2O‐N ha−1 d−1, which is consistent with the outcome of the analysis of the R2s and NRMSEs. Flux measurements based on less than five N2O concentrations per flux led to estimates with considerably larger confidence intervals. When the number of N2O concentrations per flux was reduced from five to four, the detection limit increased to 7.5 g N2O‐N ha−1 d−1. The individual fluxes of spatially replicated plots show strong dispersion around the mean: the average coefficient of variation for fluxes above 5 g N2O‐N ha−1 d−1 was 54.3% and the data suggest that the spatial variability of fluxes correlates positively with flux magnitude.Our results suggest that, for measurements performed with the closed static chamber method, (1) linear regression might generally lead to the best estimates of the average fluxes during closure time, and that the chamber sampling strategy might be designed accordingly, (2) there is considerable potential to reduce the uncertainty for fluxes lower than 5 g N2O‐N ha−1 d−1 by employing analytical instrumentation with higher precision, (3) flux uncertainty and detection limit are strongly affected by the number of concentrations measured for each flux, and (4) large numbers of replicated chambers could be particularly beneficial if high fluxes are expected.
Duodenal localization is a negative predictor of survival after small bowel adenocarcinoma resection: A population‐based, propensity score‐matched analysis
Authors: Wilhelm Alexander , Galata Christian , Beutner Ulrich , Schmied Bruno M. , Warschkow Rene , Steffen Thomas , Brunner Walter , Post Stefan , Marti Lukas 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectivesThis study assessed the influence of tumor localization of small bowel adenocarcinoma on survival after surgical resection.MethodsPatients with resected small bowel adenocarcinoma, ACJJ stage I‐III, were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database from 2004 to 2013. The impact of tumor localization on overall and cancer‐specific survival was assessed using Cox proportional hazard regression models with and without risk‐adjustment and propensity score methods.ResultsAdenocarcinoma was localized to the duodenum in 549 of 1025 patients (53.6%). There was no time trend for duodenal localization (P = 0.514). The 5‐year cancer‐specific survival rate was 48.2% (95%CI: 43.3‐53.7%) for patients with duodenal carcinoma and 66.6% (95%CI: 61.6‐72.1%) for patients with cancer located in the jejunum or ileum. Duodenal localization was associated with worse overall and cancer‐specific survival in univariable (HR = 1.73; HR = 1.81, respectively; both P < 0.001), multivariable (HR = 1.52; HR = 1.65; both P < 0.001), and propensity score‐adjusted analyses (HR = 1.33, P = 0.012; HR = 1.50, P = 0.002). Furthermore, young age, retrieval of more than 12 regional lymph nodes, less advanced stage, and married matrimonial status were positive, independent prognostic factors.ConclusionsDuodenal localization is an independent risk factor for poor survival after resection of adenocarcinoma.
Factors associated with local recurrence after surgery for bone metastasis to the extremities
Authors: Krishnan Chandra Kumar , Kim Han‐Soo , Yun Ji Yeon , Cho Hwan Seong , Park Jong Woong , Han Ilkyu 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectivesWith increasing life expectancy of patients with bone metastasis, durable surgical stabilization of bone metastasis is necessary. Local recurrence (LR) can compromise surgical stabilization and necessitate retreatment. We analyzed LR rate and factors associated with LR in patients undergoing surgery for bone metastasis.MethodsPatients (n = 301) who underwent surgery for bone metastasis to the extremities were reviewed. Possible factors that might be associated with LR were investigated.ResultsLR rate was 16% (49/301). Surgical margin was associated with LR, as patients with en‐bloc resection had significantly less LR than patients who underwent curettage (5/66 vs 44/235, P = 0.03). Prostate cancer had lowest rate (0%) of LR and colon cancer had highest rate (31%). Interval from surgery to LR differed among primary cancer types (4.5 ± 3.9 months [lung cancer], vs 12.3 ± 12.9 months [other cancers], P = 0.041). In multivariate analysis, en‐bloc surgical margins (HR = 0.372, P = 0.036) and primary cancers of breast or prostate (HR = 0.391, P = 0.049) were independent factors associated with longer LR‐free survival.ConclusionsLR after surgery for bone metastasis to extremities is affected by surgical margin and primary cancer type. These factors, along with expected patient survival, need to be considered when planning surgery for bone metastasis to extremities.
Validation of Sendai and Fukuoka consensus guidelines in predicting malignancy in patients with preoperatively diagnosed mucinous pancreatic cystic neoplasms
Authors: Zhou Wentao , Xu Yadong , Rong Yefei , Wu Wenchuan , Kuang Tiantao , Xin Baobao , Zhu Hongxu , Lou Wenhui , Wang Dansong 
Published: October 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe Sendai consensus guidelines (SCG) and Fukuoka consensus guidelines (FCG) have been examined for their roles in predicting advanced neoplasia (AN) in pancreatic cystic neoplasm (PCN) patients with mixed results. We aim to evaluate the utilities of both guidelines in a Chinese cohort with preoperatively diagnosed mucinous PCNs.MethodsOne hundred ninety‐seven patients who underwent resections from 2008 to 2015 in Zhong Shan Hospital, Fudan University for suspected PCNs were retrospectively reviewed. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were calculated and compared to measure diagnostic value.ResultsFifty‐five patients were diagnosed with AN pathologically. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the SCG high‐risk (SCGHR) criteria were 87.3%, 28.2%, 32.0%, 85.1%, and 44.7%, respectively, and for the FCG high‐risk (FCGHR) criteria, they were 40.0%, 95.8%, 78.6%, 80.5%, and 80.2%, respectively. ROC curve comparison analyses showed that the FCGHR were superior to the SCGHR (P = 0.02). The performance of the FCGHR was enhanced with CA19‐9 incorporated (P = 0.004).ConclusionsThe FCG were superior to the SCG in this retrospective analysis, which could be further improved by the incorporation of CA19‐9. However, the practical safety remains uncertain because of missed invasive carcinoma cases.