bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serratia marcescensBacteremia: Nosocomial Cluster Following Narcotic Diversion
Authors: Schuppener Leah M. , Pop-Vicas Aurora E. , Brooks Erin G. , Duster Megan N. , Crnich Christopher J. , Sterkel Alana K. , Webb Aaron P. , Safdar Nasia 
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVETo describe the investigation and control of a cluster ofSerratia marcescensbacteremia in a 505-bed tertiary-care center.METHODSCluster cases were defined as all patients withS. marcescensbacteremia between March 2 and April 7, 2014, who were found to have identical or related blood isolates determined by molecular typing with pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Cases were compared using bivariate analysis with controls admitted at the same time and to the same service as the cases, in a 4:1 ratio.RESULTSIn total, 6 patients developedS. marcescensbacteremia within 48 hours after admission within the above period. Of these, 5 patients had identicalSerratiaisolates determined by molecular typing, and were included in a case-control study. Exposure to the post-anesthesia care unit was a risk factor identified in bivariate analysis. Evidence of tampered opioid-containing syringes on several hospital units was discovered soon after the initial cluster case presented, and a full narcotic diversion investigation was conducted. A nurse working in the post-anesthesia care unit was identified as the employee responsible for the drug diversion and was epidemiologically linked to all 5 patients in the cluster. No further cases were identified once the implicated employee’s job was terminated.CONCLUSIONIllicit drug use by healthcare workers remains an important mechanism for the development of bloodstream infections in hospitalized patients. Active mechanisms and systems should remain in place to prevent, detect, and control narcotic drug diversions and associated patient harm in the healthcare setting.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2017;38:1027–1031
Subglacial flood path development during a rapidly rising jökulhlaup from the western Skaftá cauldron, Vatnajökull, Iceland
Authors: EINARSSON BERGUR , JÓHANNESSON TÓMAS , THORSTEINSSON THORSTEINN , GAIDOS ERIC , ZWINGER THOMAS 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTDischarge and water temperature measurements in the Skaftá river and measurements of the lowering of the ice over the subglacial lake at the western Skaftá cauldron, Vatnajökull, Iceland, were made during a rapidly rising glacial outburst flood (jökulhlaup) in September 2006. Outflow from the lake, flood discharge at the glacier terminus and the transient subglacial volume of floodwater during the jökulhlaup are derived from these data. The 40 km long initial subglacial path of the jökulhlaup was mainly formed by lifting and deformation of the overlying ice, induced by water pressure in excess of the ice overburden pressure. Melting of ice due to the heat of the floodwater from the subglacial lake and frictional heat generated by the dissipation of potential energy in the flow played a smaller role. Therefore this event, like other rapidly rising jökulhlaups, cannot be explained by the jökulhlaup theory of Nye (1976). Instead, our observations indicate that they can be explained by a coupled subglacial-sheet–conduit mechanism where essentially all of the initial flood path is formed as a sheet by the propagation of a subglacial pressure wave.
Counter-Fitting
Authors: Hitchcock Peter 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis essay on postcolonialism, genre, and Africa will jump scales (in its own version of geo-aesthetic impossibility). The general idea is not to think generic incommensurability as necessarily disabling, but rather that the ill-fitting tropes of genre identification are productively engaged in a politics of non-conformance, here elaborated as a logic of counter-fitting. Counter-fitting, what does not fit generic expectation, is not counterfeiting as false but is a politics of aesthetics in which generic authenticity is put into question by the very unevenness of cultural contact and expression. Like the counterfeit, however, the counter-fit reveals something of the logic of exchange in the circulation of genres while also calling into question the attachment to a pure representation. Drawing on this interpretation of the counterfeit, counter-fitting is less a “paradigm of difference,” to borrow from V. Y. Mudimbe, but rather focuses attention on how such a material production of otherness is problematized at the level of genre. Some examples drawn from Algerian fiction will help to clarify this approach.
African Science Fiction and the Planning Imagination
Authors: Eatough Matthew 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis essay examines the recent rise in popularity of science fiction in Africa. I argue that this growth can be traced to key shifts within the logic of structural adjustment programs. Over the last twenty years, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have begun to place a heightened emphasis on “poverty reduction strategies” (or PRSs). These PRSs have taken the two organizations’ longstanding commitment to free-market policies and adapted them to the rhetoric of social and economic justice by suggesting that “sustainable” welfare programs can only be constructed through the “long-term” benefits of well-planned “institutions.”As I show, this vision of long-term development has encouraged a move toward fictional forms capable of speaking to elongated temporal scales. Using Nnedi Okorafor’s novelLagoonas my primary example, I investigate how sci-fi narratives have struggled to represent social agency within thelongue duréeof institutional planning.
Introduction: Genre in Africa
Authors: Jaji Tsitsi , Saint Lily 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn this introduction to this special issue, “Genre and Africa,” Jaji and Saint theorize genre from the perspective of the African continent to explore how such an orientation necessarily interrogates and transforms previous understandings of genre. After a brief review of pivotal work in genre studies, the authors turn to Africa’s particular colonial and postcolonial predicaments to theorize the specific interventions to genre theory that such a vantage point affords. Interwoven are summaries and commentary upon the six essays included in the issue. The introduction then concludes by highlighting several new directions of genre study occasioned by this issue’s contents, including the rise of new media and renewed interest in the intersections of popular forms and affect studies.
“Yes, but . . .” : On Reforming African Literary Scholarship
Authors: Esonwanne Uzoma 
Published: July 2017

Abstract“Yes, but . . .” subscribes fully to the arguments on the basis of which Tejumola Olaniyan refutes the often unspoken axioms such as the “corporeal” test by which what counts as genuinely “African” in African literary scholarship is determined. In those arguments, which appear in “African Literature in the Post-Global Age: Provocations on Field Commonsense” (PLI 3.3 [2016]: 387–96), he outlines very explicitly the views about the objects of study, methodologies, and critical theories that have implicitly guided the most powerful scholarship on African literature at least since the 1990s. It expresses some concern, however, that, in calling for a reformation of the “ideological test” that appears to tether African Marxist criticism to the critic’s identity, Olaniyan may have inadvertently left open a back door through which the corporeal axiom could sneak back into African literary criticism. To preempt this, it questions the narrative of globalization on the basis of which he posits the category of the “Post-Global Age.” More specifically, it argues that the temporal scheme represented in the “post” in the “post-global” on which his understanding of globalization rests is flawed. Finally, substituting “late capitalism” for globalization, it argues that “If what late capitalism/globalization longs for is to render capitalism as ineluctable ‘as fate,’ then African literary criticism is obliged ‘to consider the possibility that, to the question, “Are “post,” “trans,” and globalist/neo-universalist propositions now (more than ever) definitionally viable for African literature’ ” that Olaniyan poses, “the answer could be a qualified interrogative rather than a simple affirmative: ‘Yes, but . . . ?’ not ‘Yes.’ ”
An Intellectual History of African Literary Studies?
Authors: Osinubi Taiwo Adetunji 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTwenty-first-century African literary production has generated a number of conundrums for scholars invested in African literary studies as one recognizable field of study. Some of these conundrums drive Tejumola Olaniyan’s declaration of a post-global condition in African literary studies in “African Literature in the Post-Global Age.” Understanding that essay demands a detour through an intellectual history of African literary studies from about 1990 to 2010.
The Ethics of African Studies in the Age of Oga Politics: A Response to Tejumola Olaniyan’s “African Literature in the Post-Global Age”
Authors: Murphy Laura T. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn response to Olaniyan’s article “African Literature in the Post-Global Age: Provocations on Field Commonsense,” this paper suggests that Olaniyan’s conception of the “planetary” provides a metaphor for imagining a politics of responsibility in the post-global and anti-globalization age. The urgency for planetary thinking is framed within the current ascendancy of big man or “oga” politics represented by the rise of neoliberal populism around the world and in Huntingtonian “clash of civilizations” logic espoused by both elite nativists such as Donald Trump and grassroots ethnonationalists such as Boko Haram. The paper suggests that African studies continues to play a crucial and increasingly urgent role in amplifying, translating, and supporting various African ways of being and knowing that have long served as critiques of the disenfranchisement of those in global south.
Spatial organization and social relations in a reintroduced population of Endangered Iberian lynx Lynx pardinus
Authors: Sarmento Pedro , Carrapato Carlos , Eira Catarina , Silva João Paulo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn 2015 10 Iberian lynxes Lynx pardinus were released in south-eastern Portugal, within the framework of a Spanish–Portuguese reintroduction project. We examined each individual's use of space and social interactions during the first year after their release. Lynxes were selected for reintroduction according to behavioural, genetic and health criteria and fitted with collars with VHF and global positioning systems. Both males and females went through an exploratory phase that lasted 65–105 days. The lynxes did not exhibit any movement directionality from the release site during the exploratory period. During August–December 2015 a stable nucleus comprising seven individuals (four males, three females) was established south-west of the release enclosure. Although the males had a slightly larger mean home range (11.18 ± SE 1.36 km2) than females (9.87 ± SE 8.71 km2), the difference was not significant. The knowledge obtained during the first year of the lynx reintroduction project in Portugal is critical to support the future of this reintroduction strategy. Our results suggest that once the soft release technique is no longer possible because of logistical constraints on the construction of more enclosures, new individuals should be released in unoccupied areas surrounded by occupied territories. This will promote strong social ties to the resident population and prevent lynx dispersal.
Physical constraints on the likelihood of life on exoplanets
Authors: Lingam Manasvi , Loeb Abraham 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOne of the most fundamental questions in exoplanetology is to determine whether a given planet is habitable. We estimate the relative likelihood of a planet's propensity towards habitability by considering key physical characteristics such as the role of temperature on ecological and evolutionary processes, and atmospheric losses via hydrodynamic escape and stellar wind erosion. From our analysis, we demonstrate that Earth-sized exoplanets in the habitable zone around M-dwarfs seemingly display much lower prospects of being habitable relative to Earth, owing to the higher incident ultraviolet fluxes and closer distances to the host star. We illustrate our results by specifically computing the likelihood (of supporting life) for the recently discovered exoplanets, Proximaband TRAPPIST-1e, which we find to be several orders of magnitude smaller than that of Earth.
The BH3-only proteins BIM and PUMA are not critical for the reticulocyte apoptosis caused by loss of the pro-survival protein BCL-XL
Authors: Delbridge Alex RD , Aubrey Brandon J , Hyland Craig , Bernardini Jonathan P , Di Rago Ladina , Garnier Jean-Marc , Lessene Guillaume , Strasser Andreas , Alexander Warren S , Grabow Stephanie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAnaemia is a major global health problem arising from diverse causes and for which improved therapeutic strategies are needed. Erythroid cells can undergo apoptotic cell death and loss of pro-survival BCL-XL is known to trigger apoptosis during late-stage erythroid development. However, the mechanism by which loss or pharmacological blockade of BCL-XL leads to erythroid cell apoptosis remains unclear. Here we sought to identify the precise stage of erythropoiesis that depends on BCL-XL. We also tested whether deficiency of BIM or PUMA, the two main pro-apoptotic antagonists of BCL-XL, could prevent reticulocyte death and anaemia caused by BCL-XL loss. Using an in vivo mouse model of tamoxifen-inducible Bclx gene deletion and in vitro assays with a BCL-XL-selective inhibitor, we interrogated each stage of erythrocyte differentiation for BCL-XL dependency. This revealed that reticulocytes, but not orthochromatic erythroblasts, require BCL-XL for their survival. Surprisingly, concurrent loss of BIM or PUMA had no significant impact on the development of anemia following acute BCL-XL deletion in vivo. However, analysis of mixed bone marrow chimaeric mice revealed that loss of PUMA, but not loss of BIM, partially alleviated impaired erythropoiesis caused by BCL-XL deficiency. Insight into how the network of pro-survival and pro-apoptotic proteins works will assist the development of strategies to mitigate the effects of abnormal cell death during erythropoiesis and prevent anaemia in patients treated with BCL-XL-specific BH3-mimetic drugs.
A novel three-base duplication, E243dup, of GFAP identified in a patient with Alexander disease
Authors: Yasuda Rei , Yoshida Tomokatsu , Mizuta Ikuko , Nakagawa Masanori , Mizuno Toshiki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAlexander disease (AxD) is a rare hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) gene mutations, most of which are missense mutations. We present an AxD case with a novel de novo three-base duplication mutation in GFAP resulting in E243dup.
Bacterial lipid droplets bind to DNA via an intermediary protein that enhances survival under stress
Authors: Zhang Congyan , Yang Li , Ding Yunfeng , Wang Yang , Lan Lan , Ma Qin , Chi Xiang , Wei Peng , Zhao Yongfang , Steinbüchel Alexander , Zhang Hong , Liu Pingsheng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLipid droplets (LDs) are multi-functional organelles consisting of a neutral lipid core surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer, and exist in organisms ranging from bacteria to humans. Here we study the functions of LDs in the oleaginous bacterium Rhodococcus jostii. We show that these LDs bind to genomic DNA through the major LD protein, MLDS, which increases survival rate of the bacterial cells under nutritional and genotoxic stress. MLDS expression is regulated by a transcriptional regulator, MLDSR, that binds to the operator and promoter of the operon encoding both proteins. LDs sequester MLDSR, controlling its availability for transcriptional regulation. Our findings support the idea that bacterial LDs can regulate nucleic acid function and facilitate bacterial survival under stress.
Quantized circular photogalvanic effect in Weyl semimetals
Authors: de Juan Fernando , Grushin Adolfo G. , Morimoto Takahiro , Moore Joel E 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) is the part of a photocurrent that switches depending on the sense of circular polarization of the incident light. It has been consistently observed in systems without inversion symmetry and depends on non-universal material details. Here we find that in a class of Weyl semimetals (for example, SrSi2) and three-dimensional Rashba materials (for example, doped Te) without inversion and mirror symmetries, the injection contribution to the CPGE trace is effectively quantized in terms of the fundamental constants e, h, c and "Equation missing" with no material-dependent parameters. This is so because the CPGE directly measures the topological charge of Weyl points, and non-quantized corrections from disorder and additional bands can be small over a significant range of incident frequencies. Moreover, the magnitude of the CPGE induced by a Weyl node is relatively large, which enables the direct detection of the monopole charge with current techniques.
Combining photocatalytic hydrogen generation and capsule storage in graphene based sandwich structures
Authors: Yang Li , Li Xiyu , Zhang Guozhen , Cui Peng , Wang Xijun , Jiang Xiang , Zhao Jin , Luo Yi , Jiang Jun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe challenge of safe hydrogen storage has limited the practical application of solar-driven photocatalytic water splitting. It is hard to isolate hydrogen from oxygen products during water splitting to avoid unwanted reverse reaction or explosion. Here we propose a multi-layer structure where a carbon nitride is sandwiched between two graphene sheets modified by different functional groups. First-principles simulations demonstrate that such a system can harvest light and deliver photo-generated holes to the outer graphene-based sheets for water splitting and proton generation. Driven by electrostatic attraction, protons penetrate through graphene to react with electrons on the inner carbon nitride to generate hydrogen molecule. The produced hydrogen is completely isolated and stored with a high-density level within the sandwich, as no molecules could migrate through graphene. The ability of integrating photocatalytic hydrogen generation and safe capsule storage has made the sandwich system an exciting candidate for realistic solar and hydrogen energy utilization.
A defect in myoblast fusion underlies Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome
Authors: Di Gioia Silvio Alessandro , Connors Samantha , Matsunami Norisada , Cannavino Jessica , Rose Matthew F. , Gilette Nicole M. , Artoni Pietro , de Macena Sobreira Nara Lygia , Chan Wai-Man , Webb Bryn D. , Robson Caroline D. , Cheng Long , Van Ryzin Carol , Ramirez-Martinez Andres , Mohassel Payam , Leppert Mark , Scholand Mary Beth , Grunseich Christopher , Ferreira Carlos R. , Hartman Tyler , Hayes Ian M. , Morgan Tim , Markie David M. , Fagiolini Michela , Swift Amy , Chines Peter S. , Speck-Martins Carlos E. , Collins Francis S. , Jabs Ethylin Wang , Bönnemann Carsten G. , Olson Eric N. ,   Moebius Syndrome Research Consortium, Andrews Caroline V. , Barry Brenda J. , Hunter David G. , Mackinnon Sarah E. , Shaaban Sherin , Erazo Monica , Frempong Tamiesha , Hao Ke , Naidich Thomas P. , Rucker Janet C. , Zhang Zhongyang , Biesecker Barbara B. , Bonnycastle Lori L. , Brewer Carmen C. , Brooks Brian P. , Butman John A. , Chien Wade W. , Farrell Kathleen , FitzGibbon Edmond J. , Gropman Andrea L. , Hutchinson Elizabeth B. , Jain Minal S. , King Kelly A. , Lehky Tanya J. , Lee Janice , Liberton Denise K. , Narisu Narisu , Paul Scott M. , Sadeghi Neda , Snow Joseph , Solomon Beth , Summers Angela , Toro Camilo , Thurm Audrey , Zalewski Christopher K. , Carey John C. , Robertson Stephen P. , Manoli Irini , Engle Elizabeth C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMultinucleate cellular syncytial formation is a hallmark of skeletal muscle differentiation. Myomaker, encoded by Mymk (Tmem8c), is a well-conserved plasma membrane protein required for myoblast fusion to form multinucleated myotubes in mouse, chick, and zebrafish. Here, we report that autosomal recessive mutations in MYMK (OMIM 615345) cause Carey-Fineman-Ziter syndrome in humans (CFZS; OMIM 254940) by reducing but not eliminating MYMK function. We characterize MYMK-CFZS as a congenital myopathy with marked facial weakness and additional clinical and pathologic features that distinguish it from other congenital neuromuscular syndromes. We show that a heterologous cell fusion assay in vitro and allelic complementation experiments in mymk knockdown and mymkinsT/insT zebrafish in vivo can differentiate between MYMK wild type, hypomorphic and null alleles. Collectively, these data establish that MYMK activity is necessary for normal muscle development and maintenance in humans, and expand the spectrum of congenital myopathies to include cell-cell fusion deficits.
Ultra strong pyroprotein fibres with long-range ordering
Authors: Cho Se Youn , Yun Young Soo , Jang Dawon , Jeon Jun Woo , Kim Byung Hoon , Lee Sungho , Jin Hyoung-Joon 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSilks are protein-based natural structured materials with an unusual combination of high strength and elongation. Their unique microstructural features composed of hard β-sheet crystals aligned within a soft amorphous region lead to the robust properties of silks. Herein we report a large enhancement in the intrinsic properties of silk through the transformation of the basic building blocks into a poly-hexagonal carbon structure by a simple heat treatment with axial stretching. The carbon clusters originating from the β-sheet retain the preferred orientation along the fibre axis, resulting in a long-range-ordered graphitic structure by increasing heat-treatment temperatures and leading improvements in mechanical properties with a maximum strength and modulus up to ∼2.6 and ∼470 GPa, respectively, almost four and thirty times surpassing those of raw silk. Moreover, the formation of sp2 carbon configurations induce a significant change in the electrical properties (e.g. an electrical conductivity up to 4.37 × 103 S cm−1).
Seed Metabolome Analysis of a Transgenic Rice Line Expressing Cholera Toxin B-subunit
Authors: Ogawa Takumi , Kashima Koji , Yuki Yoshikazu , Mejima Mio , Kurokawa Shiho , Kuroda Masaharu , Okazawa Atsushi , Kiyono Hiroshi , Ohta Daisaku 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPlant-based human vaccines have been actively developed in recent years, and rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the best candidate crops for their production and delivery. By expressing a modified cholera toxin B (CTB) subunit, we previously developed MucoRice-CTB, a rice-based vaccine against cholera, which is caused by infection of the intestine with the bacteria Vibrio cholerae. MucoRice-CTB lines have been extensively characterized by whole-genome sequencing and proteome analyses to evaluate the mutation profiles and proteome status, respectively. Here, we report non-targeted metabolomic profiling of the MucoRice-CTB transgenic rice line 51A (MR-CTB51A), MucoRice-RNAi (MR-RNAi), and their non-transgenic parent line by using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The levels of several amino acids, organic acids, carbohydrates, lipids, and secondary metabolites were significantly increased in MR-CTB51A compared with the non-transgenic parent line. These metabolomics results complement essential information obtained by genome sequencing and proteomics approaches, thereby contributing to comprehensive understanding of the properties of MucoRice-CTB as a plant-based vaccine.