bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Micropolar curved rods. 2-D, high order, Timoshenko’s and Euler-Bernoulli models
Authors: Zozulya V.V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNew models for micropolar plane curved rods have been developed. 2-D theory is developed from general 2-D equations of linear micropolar elasticity using a special curvilinear system of coordinates related to the middle line of the rod and special hypothesis based on assumptions that take into account the fact that the rod is thin.High order theory is based on the expansion of the equations of the theory of elasticity into Fourier series in terms of Legendre polynomials. First stress and strain tensors,vectors of displacements and rotation and body force shave been expanded into Fourier series in terms of Legendre polynomials with respect to a thickness coordinate.Thereby all equations of elasticity including Hooke’s law have been transformed to the corresponding equations for Fourier coefficients. Then in the same way as in the theory of elasticity, system of differential equations in term of displacements and boundary conditions for Fourier coefficients have been obtained. The Timoshenko’s and Euler-Bernoulli theories are based on the classical hypothesis and 2-D equations of linear micropolar elasticity in a special curvilinear system. The obtained equations can be used to calculate stress-strain and to model thin walled structures in macro, micro and nano scale when taking in to account micropolar couple stress and rotation effects.
A Kantian Argument for the Formula of Humanity
Authors: Kitcher Patricia 
Published: June 2017

Abstract:Although many take the formula of humanity to be Kant’s best formulation of the CI, there is no agreement on his argument for it. Kant says that the argument comes in GMM3, but that section is difficult to interpret. I draw on his remarks about cognizing other minds in the Paralogisms to interpret the argument of sub-section 2 of GMM3, the argument that rational beings must “lend” the idea of freedom to all rational beings. Kant later rejects his attempt to establish the CI in GMM3 and tries again in the fact of reason passages of the
Gefitinib versus docetaxel in treated non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Bing , Zuo Zhanjie , Li Fang , Yang Kun , Du Minjun , Gao Yushun 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of gefitinib and docetaxel in treated patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods. A literature search was performed using PubMed and CNKI databases for relevant keywords and the Medical Subject Headings. After further full-text screening, 10 clinical trials were included in the final meta-analysis. Specific odds ratios (OR) and confidence intervals were calculated. Results. The outcomes of treatment efficacy included disease control rates, quality-of-life improvement rates, 3~4 grade adverse events. Comparing gefitinib to docetaxel for NSCLC patients, the pooled odds ratios (OR) of disease control rates was 1.09, (95% confidential index [CI] = 0.84–1.43), the pooled OR of quality-of-life improvement rates was 2.49, (95% CI = 1.77–3.49), the pooled OR of 3~4 grade adverse events was 0.49, (95% CI = 0.32–0.75). Conclusion. Gefitinib was found to significantly improve patients’ quality-of-life and obviously decrease patients’ adverse events of 3~4 grade.There is no difference of disease control rates between gefitinib and docetaxel.
Nonlinear control systems - A brief overview of historical and recent advances
Authors: Iqbal Jamshed , Ullah Mukhtar , Khan Said Ghani , Khelifa Baizid , Ćuković Saša 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLast five decades witnessed remarkable developments in linear control systems and thus problems in this subject has been largely resolved. The scope of the present paper is beyond linear solutions. Modern technology demands sophisticated control laws to meet stringent design specifications thus highlighting the increasingly conspicuous position of nonlinear control systems, which is the topic of this paper. Historical role of analytical concepts in analysis and design of nonlinear control systems is briefly outlined. Recent advancements in these systems from applications perspective are examined with critical comments on associated challenges. It is anticipated that wider dissemination of this comprehensive review will stimulate more collaborations among the research community and contribute to further developments.
Wound healing and dry matter content of orange-fleshed sweetpotato cultivars as influenced by curing methods
Authors: Atuna Richard A. , Carey Edward E. , Low Jan W. , Amagloh Francis K. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCuring in sweetpotato is a crucial pre- or postharvest practice that could guarantee improved shelf life,but rarely practised by sweetpotato farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa, principally due to lack of knowledge. Wound healing ability of cultivars has been associated with good root storability. In this study, two orange fleshed sweetpotato cultivars (Apomuden and Nane) were either cured in-ground by dehaulming prior to harvest or field-piled over a seven-day period to study their responses to wound healing and changes in dry matter content. Apomuden is a low dry matter content(19%) variety in Ghana while Nane is a high dry matter content (27%) farmer cultivar under evaluation for formal release. A potato peeler was used to deliberately create the wounds on 21 storage roots. The curing treatment was applied and the subsequent post-treatment quality status of the storage roots was monitored daily over a seven-day period. Wound healing ability was scored as follows: 0 = no lignification, 0.5 = patchy lignification and1= complete lignification. Wound healing ability score was not significantly different for Apomuden and Nane (0.83,0.78, respectively; p = 0.120). However, storage roots curedby field-piled curing method resulted in significantly better wound healing ability than dehaulming (0.86, 0.75,respectively, p = 0.001). Over the seven-day curing period,Nane had a significantly higher and stable dry mattercontent compared with Apomuden (p = 0.008), whose dry matter content was lower and fluctuating. The field-piled curing resulted in higher (p = 0.020) dry matter content,24%, compared with in-ground curing (22%). The field piled curing method, which can easily be adopted by sweetpotato farmers, increased the dry matter content of the storage roots; therefore, it could potentially reduce the post-harvest losses in sweetpotato. The high dry matter content of Nane is a desirable root quality attribute for orange-fleshed cultivars and could augment existing cultivars in Ghana.
Modelling of intermittent microwave convective drying: parameter sensitivity
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Qin Wenchao , Shi Bin , Gao Jingxin , Zhang Shiwei 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The reliability of the predictions of a mathematical model is a prerequisite to its utilization. A multiphase porous media model of intermittent microwave convective drying is developed based on the literature. The model considers the liquid water, gas and solid matrix inside of food. The model is simulated by COMSOL software. Its sensitivity parameter is analysed by changing the parameter values by ±20%, with the exception of several parameters. The sensitivity analysis of the process of the microwave power level shows that each parameter: ambient temperature, effective gas diffusivity, and evaporation rate constant, has significant effects on the process. However, the surface mass, heat transfer coefficient, relative and intrinsic permeability of the gas, and capillary diffusivity of water do not have a considerable effect. The evaporation rate constant has minimal parameter sensitivity with a ±20% value change, until it is changed 10-fold. In all results, the temperature and vapour pressure curves show the same trends as the moisture content curve. However, the water saturation at the medium surface and in the centre show different results. Vapour transfer is the major mass transfer phenomenon that affects the drying process.
Perspektiven der eG für die Schulträgerschaft
Authors: Zillinger Julia , Göler von Ravensburg Nicole 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Compared to other sectors of welfare almost no practical or academic attention is drawn to the cooperative’s organization and legal form. This surprises considering the current boom of private school formations and the rising skepticism regarding registered associations as proper legal forms for highselling initiatives. To approach a first explanation, this article explores the influence of context and general framework as well as the motivation for such formations and the central experiences of three selected school cooperatives.
The R148.3 Gene Modulates Caenorhabditis elegans Lifespan and Fat Metabolism
Authors: Roy-Bellavance Catherine , Grants Jennifer M , Miard Stéphanie , Lee Kayoung , Rondeau Évelyne , Guillemette Chantal , Simard Martin J , Taubert Stefan , Picard Frédéric 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Despite many advances, the molecular links between energy metabolism and longevity are not well understood. Here, we have used the nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans to study the role of the yet-uncharacterized gene R148.3 in fat accumulation and lifespan. In wild-type worms, a R148.3p::GFP reporter showed enhanced expression throughout life in the pharynx, in neurons, and in muscles. Functionally, a protein fusing a predicted 22 amino acid N-terminal signal sequence (SS) of R148.3 to mCherry displayed robust accumulation in coelomyocytes, indicating that R148.3 is a secreted protein. Systematic depletion of R148.3 by RNA interference (RNAi) at L1 but not at young-adult stage enhanced triglyceride accumulation, which was associated with increased food uptake and lower expression of genes involved in lipid oxidation. However, RNAi of R148.3 at both L1 and young-adult stages robustly diminished mean and maximal lifespan of wild-type worms, and also abolished the long-lived phenotypes of eat-2 and daf-2/InsR mutants. Based on these data, we propose that R148.3 is an SS that modulates fat mass and longevity in an independent manner.
Daily Activity of the Housefly,Musca domestica, Is Influenced by Temperature Independent of 3′ UTRperiodGene Splicing
Authors: Bazalova Olga , Dolezel David 
Published: June 2017

AbstractCircadian clocks orchestrate daily activity patterns and free running periods of locomotor activity under constant conditions. While the first often depends on temperature, the latter is temperature-compensated over a physiologically relevant range. Here, we explored the locomotor activity of the temperate housefly Musca domestica. Under low temperatures, activity was centered round a major and broad afternoon peak, while high temperatures resulted in activity throughout the photophase with a mild midday depression, which was especially pronounced in males exposed to long photoperiods. While period (per) mRNA peaked earlier under low temperatures, no temperature-dependent splicing of the last per 3ʹ end intron was identified. The expression of timeless, vrille, and Par domain protein 1 was also influenced by temperature, each in a different manner. Our data indicated that comparable behavioral trends in daily activity distribution have evolved in Drosophila melanogaster and M. domestica, yet the behaviors of these two species are orchestrated by different molecular mechanisms.
A transanalis megközelítés előnye a mély rectumdaganatok műtéteinél
Authors: Papp Géza , Besznyák István , Pörneczi Balázs , Saftics György , Bursics Attila 
Published: June 2017

Absztrakt
A laparoszkópos rectumsebészet ma már igazoltan alternatívája a hagyományos
műtéti technikának. Ugyanakkor továbbra is problémát jelent a kismedence
mélyének vizualizálása, a megfelelő distalis reszekciós sík biztosítása, a
rectumcsonk egyetlen varrógéppel történő lezárása és ezáltal a biztonságos
anastomosis készítése. A laparoszkópos és a transanalis megközelítés
kombinációjaként jött létre a transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME), amely
technikával a világon eddig körülbelül 500 műtétet végeztek. A TaTME a mély
rectumtumorok sebészetének fenti problémáira kínál megoldást. A transanalis
rectumcsonk képzése biztonságos reszekciós sík kialakítását teszi lehetővé,
megoldja a distalis csonk zárásának problémáját, kiváló látási viszonyokat
garantál pont a felülről legnehezebben megközelíthető területen, így a
kismedencei idegfonatok megkímélésében is eredmény várható tőle.
Esetbemutatásunk egy neoadjuváns kezelést követően jelentősen zsugorodott
méretű, az anusnyílástól 5 cm magasságban azonosított tumor eltávolításának
menetét írja le. Tudomásunk szerint Magyarországon korábban hasonló műtétet még
nem közöltek.
Autonomic nervous system dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Ezhumalai Arunraj , V. Ravikumar 
Published: June 2017

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD) PD ranks second among the common neurodegenerative disease next only to Alzheimer’s dementia. Autonomic symptoms in Parkinson’s disease is very common. This study assesses the autonomic dysfunction in PD, their prevalence, type and severity in related to staging.Methods: The study was conducted in Rajiv Gandhi government general hospital, Institute of neurology Madras medical college between 2011 to 2013, 141 patients fulfilling the criteria of Parkinson’s disease brain bank society were included in the study. All the patients were clinically examined with special attention to history, clinical features and symptoms and signs of Autonomic dysfunction. The patients were graded using the Hoehn and Yahr staging system.Results: Among 141 patients, 118 (83.7%) had autonomic dysfunction. Among 87 males, 72 patients had ANS dysfunction and among 54 females, 46 patients had ANS dysfunction. Stage wise 39 patients of 53 patients (73.6%) belonging to Stage I; 37 of 44 (84.1%) belonging to Stage II; 26 of 28 (92.8%) belonging to Stage III and all patients belonging to Stage IV and V had ANS dysfunction.Conclusions: ANS dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease is a common problem and the prevalence of it is 82.75% in males and 85.2% in females and overall in 83.7% of patients. The prevalence of ANS dysfunction in Males and females increases as the Hoehn and Yahr stage increases as evidenced by 68.7% of males and 80.9% of females have ANS dysfunction in stage I, while 100% of males and females in stage IV and V have ANS dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction (84.7%) ranks first followed by gastrointestinal (56.9%), and thermoregulatory (51.3%) autonomic disturbances in males and urinary disturbances (78.3%), ranks first followed by thermoregulatory (65.2%), and cardiovascular disturbances (56.5%) in females.
A Preliminary Exploration of the Relationships Between Student-Created OER, Sustainability, and Students Success
Authors: Wiley David , Webb Ashley , Weston Sarah , Tonks DeLaina 
Published: June 2017

<p class="3">This article explores the relationship between open educational resources (OER) created by students for use by other students, the long-term sustainability of the movement toward OER, and the success of students who use OER created by other students as part of their core curricular materials. We begin by providing definitions and a broader context for thinking about the possibility of student-created OER. We then describe a course context in which student-created OER have been slowly integrated into an online class over several years and examine the impact on student learning associated with their introduction. </p>
Machine Tool Energy Efficiency – A Component Mapping-Based Approach
Authors: Schudeleit Timo ,   Institute of Machine Tools and Manufacturing (IWF), ETH Zürich, Züst Simon , Weiss Lukas , Wegener Konrad 
Published: June 2017

The European Commission outlined the energy-related products (ErPs) meant to be labelled and regulated in order to achieve the goals to reduce the European amount of CO2-emissions by 20% by 2020 compared to projections. Machine tools (MTs) fulfill all mandatory criteria to be categorized as ErP, namely: significant sales volume, significant environmental impact and significant improvement potential. However, the energy consumption and energy efficiency of MTs strongly depend on their utilization. A generic evaluation approach for quantifying a MT’s energy efficiency is still under development by the working group ISO/TC 39/WG 12, which drives forward the ISO 14955 series for environmental evaluation of MTs.This work presents an approach for a generic energy efficiency evaluation of MTs. Component-specific behavior is investigated and aggregated in order to entirely describe the power consumption of a MT for any utilization by power mapping. Power maps contain all possible operational scenarios under the condition of the component boundaries. The approach allows a generic MT evaluation independent on the utilization and forms the base for future MT energy efficiency labelling. The presented approach is applied and validated in a practical case study.
Effect of Water Potential and Void Ratio on Erodibility for Agricultural Soils
Authors: Liu Q.J. , Wells R.R. , Dabney S.M. , He J.J. 
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas:Critical shear stress can be modeled by silt content, void ratio and water potential.Erodibility can be predicted by critical shear stress, clay content and void ratio.Bulk density displayed a convex trend as antecedent soil moisture increasing.Soil erodibility has confounded researchers for decades. Difficulties arise with initiation of motion, pore‐water status, physical, and perhaps biological, material properties and type of applied energy (i.e., rainfall, runoff, freezing or thawing, wind). Though specific tests have been developed to determine critical shear stress and soil erodibility, solutions do not seem to conform to theory. We have models for erosion assessment and, although each provides practical information for planning and management, all share a need to improve predictions for soil detachment. Here, a series of submerged jet tests (JET) are performed on samples of three soils prepared to represent agricultural conditions (i.e., modest bulk density), five initial soil water contents are imposed during sample packing that affected soil void ratio, and four water potential gradients are imposed during jet testing. Results, for both coarse‐ and fine‐grained soils, indicate that critical shear stress can be predicted with knowledge of the silt content, void ratio and water potential gradient, and soil erodibility can be predicted with knowledge of critical shear stress, clay content and void ratio. This study was limited by the number of soils examined; however, the results are thought provoking.
Manipulation of Soil Texture to Remove Salts from a Drip‐Irrigated Root Zone
Authors: Berezniak Arbel , Ben-Gal Alon , Mishael Yael , Nachshon Uri 
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas
Root zone soil texture manipulation improved leaching efficacy for drip irrigation.
Manipulation consists of coarse medium, with roots within, surrounded by fine medium.
Capillary barrier between coarse and fine media prevents salt return to roots.
Study results may contribute to the practice of irrigation with salty water
Drip irrigation is a useful method for the application of low‐quality water because it does not wet the foliage and limits the spread of contaminants. Nevertheless, when using water containing high levels of dissolved salts, drip irrigation may be insufficient for leaching and can lead to soil salinization. A new conceptual model was tested experimentally and numerically to examine if manipulation of the distribution of soils with different textures could promote the removal of salts from the root zone and increase leaching efficiency. The manipulated root zone consisted of a volume of coarse soil, located under a drip irrigation emitter, surrounded by finer texture soil. We hypothesized that the differences in hydraulic properties between the two soils and the capillary barrier developed at their interface would generate a one‐directional flow path of the salty water from the location of irrigation to the fine soil. This would enforce salt accumulation beyond the root zone. The concept was tested in a series of lysimeter and Hele–Shaw chamber experiments, together with a two‐dimensional flow model created in HYDRUS‐2D. Results showed preferential salt accumulation beyond the coarse segment of the manipulated soil, providing a volume of leached soil sufficient to support a healthy root system. Under conditions of homogenous soil texture, a notable buildup of salinity was observed in the central root zone, whereas under the manipulated texture conditions, such salt buildup was not observed.
Viscous Flow Approach to Rapid Infiltration and Drainage in a Weighing Lysimeter
Authors: Germann Peter F. , Prasuhn Volker 
Published: June 2017

Core Ideas
Preferential flow in a free‐draining lysimeter is approached by viscous flow theory.
Water perching at the lysimeter bottom is assessed with viscous flow theory.
Viscous flow theory is applied to rewetting after exceptional drought.
Rapid infiltration and drainage in a free‐draining weighing lysimeter are assessed with a viscous flow approach that is based on the concept of moving water films. The two parameters film thickness and specific contact area of the film per unit volume of the permeable medium together with the rate and duration of water input suffice to quantify viscous flow at the Darcy scale. The two parameters are deducible from wetting front velocities and water content variations during the passing of the film. Temporarily perching water tables at lysimeter bottoms are considered artifacts of the lysimeter method that may severely alter the biogeochemistry of the effluent. The viscous flow approach assesses the duration of water perching from drainage flow interpretation. Perching in the sense of viscous flow occurred at most 10% of the time during drainage flow. Drainage ceased completely during a 6‐mo period that yielded only 46% of rainfall compared with the 30‐yr average. During rewetting of the lysimeter soil, viscous flow applied to infiltrations of nine precipitation episodes, showing successive penetrations of wetting fronts shortly before the onset of drainage.
A comparison between direct and indirect frameworks to evaluate impacts of climate change on streamflows: case study of Karkheh River basin in Iran
Authors: Nasseri Mohsen , Zahraie Banafsheh , Forouhar Leila 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper, two approaches to assess the impacts of climate change on streamflows have been used. In the first approach (direct), a statistical downscaling technique was utilized to predict future streamflows based on large-scale data of general circulation models (GCMs). In the second approach (indirect), GCM outputs were downscaled to produce local climate conditions which were then used as inputs to a hydrological simulation model. In this article, some data-mining methods such as model-tree, multivariate adaptive regression splines and group method of data handling were utilized for direct downscaling of streamflows. Projections of HadCM3 model for A2 and B2 SRES scenarios were also used to simulate future climate conditions. These evaluations were done over three sub-basins of Karkheh River basin in southwest Iran. To achieve a comprehensive assessment, a global uncertainty assessment method was used to evaluate the results of the models. The results indicated that despite simplifications included in the direct downscaling, this approach is accurate enough to be used for assessing climate change impacts on streamflows without computational efforts of hydrological modeling. Furthermore, comparing future climate projections, the uncertainty associated with elimination of hydrological modeling is estimated to be high.