bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergence of high-mass stars in complex fiber networks (EMERGE)
Authors: Socci A. , Hacar A. , Bonanomi F. , Tafalla M. , Suri S. 
Published: September 2024

Context. Despite their variety of scales throughout the interstellar medium, filaments in nearby low-mass clouds appear to have a characteristic width of ∼0.1 pc from the analysis ofHerschelobservations. The validity and origin of this characteristic width, however, has been a matter of intense discussions during the last decade.Aims. We made use of the EMERGE Early ALMA Survey comprising seven targets among low- (OMC-4 South, NGC 2023), intermediate- (OMC-2, OMC-3, LDN 1641N), and high-mass (OMC-1, Flame Nebula) star-forming regions in Orion, which include different physical conditions, star formation histories, mass, and density regimes. All targets were homogeneously surveyed at high- spatial resolution (4.5″or ∼2000 au) in N2H+(1–0) using a dedicated series of ALMA+IRAM-30m observations, and previous works identified a total of 152 fibers throughout this sample. Here, we aim to characterise the variation in the fiber widths under the different conditions explored by this survey.Methods. We characterised the column density and temperature radial profiles of fibers using the automatic fitting routine FilChap, and systematically quantified its main physical properties (i.e. peak column density, width, and temperature gradient).Results. The Orion fibers show a departure from the isothermal condition with significant outward temperature gradients with ∇TK> 30 K pc−1. The presence of such temperature gradients suggests a change in the equation of state for fibers. By fitting their radial profiles, we report a median full width at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼0.05 pc for the Orion fibers, with a corresponding median aspect ratio of ∼2. Along with their median, theFWHMvalues for individual cuts are consistently below the proposed characteristic width of 0.1 pc. More relevantly, we observe a systematic variation in these fiberFWHMbetween different regions in our sample. We also find a direct inverse dependence of the fiberFWHMon their central column density,N0, above ≳1022cm−2, which agrees with the expectedN0−FWHManti-correlation predicted in previous theoretical studies.Conclusions. Our homogeneous analysis returns the first observational evidence of an intrinsic and systematic variation in the fiber widths across different star-forming regions. While sharing comparable mass, length, and kinematic properties in all of our targets, fibers appear to adjust theirFWHMto their density and to the pressure in their host environment.
Analyse comparée des dynamiques forestières dans deux vallées du Haut Atlas central (Maroc). Retour sur le vieux débat « population-marché-institutions »
Authors: Auclair Laurent , Aubert Pierre-Marie 
Published: September 2024

L’analyse diachronique de documents aériens met en évidence des dynamiques forestières fort différentes dans deux vallées voisines du Haut Atlas central marocain (Aït Bou Guemez et Aït Bou Oulli) au cours de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Comment interpréter de telles différences dans ces vallées placées dans le même contexte montagnard et bioclimatique ? Trois séries chronologiques de données sont examinées dans le cadre d’une analyse synchronique et diachronique du système socioécologique : 1) la croissance démographique ; 2) l’accès au marché et la transformation des systèmes de production familiaux ; 3) le rôle tenu par les institutions gestionnaires de la forêt : institutions communautaires locales (agdals) et institution nationale (Service forestier). La pertinence de l’approche comparative repose sur des différences significatives entre les vallées : disponibilité des ressources forestières, accès au marché et processus de développement, fonctionnement des institutions gestionnaires. En conclusion, nous soulignons deux éléments pour la réorientation de la stratégie forestière du Maroc dans les régions de montagne : 1) la reconnaissance des capacités gestionnaires des communautés locales ; 2) la mise en place de dispositifs de médiation efficients dans les forêts ravagées par les conflits intercommunautaires. En insistant sur la fonction médiatrice et d’arbitrage du service forestier, il devient possible d’envisager une forme de complémentarité entre les deux modes d’intervention.
Notfälle in der Medikamentösen Tumortherapie
Authors: Handke Analena , Hilser Thomas , Bögemann Martin , Schlack Katrin , Grünwald Viktor 
Published: September 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Immunmodulatorische Therapien gewinnen immer größere Bedeutung in der Uro-Onkologie. Aus diesem Grund werden wir vermutlich immer häufiger mit Nebenwirkungen konfrontiert werden. Hinzu kommt eine immer größere Zahl an Kombinationen mit anderen Wirkmechanismen. Als Folge dieser Therapie können immun-vermittelte Nebenwirkungen auftreten. Diese unterscheiden sich von den Nebenwirkungen einer Chemotherapie und anderen zielgerichteten Therapien und erfordern daher andere Behandlungsstrategien.

Ziel der Arbeit Anhand der aktuellen Literatur werden die Daten zur Graduierung und stadienabhängigen Management dargelegt sowie mit Beispielen aus der Praxis anschaulich dargestellt.

Material und Methoden Literaturrecherche zur Detektion und Therapiemanagement von im Rahmen der immunonkologischen Therapie vermittelten Nebenwirkungen.

Ergebnisse Die behandlungsbezogenen Ereignisse können prinzipiell alle Organsystem betreffen, häufig sehen finden sich Toxizitäten im Bereich der Haut, wie Ausschlag oder Pruritus, Hypo- oder Hyperthyreosen, Arthritiden, Muskelschmerzen und gastrointestinale Symptome. In der Häufigkeit sind die meisten Nebenwirkungen Grad 1 bis 2 zuzuordnen, jedoch auch Grad 3 bis 4 Toxizitäten sind grundsätzlich gut zu therapieren, sofern sie frühzeitig erkannt werden. Seltene Komplikationen wie neurologische Toxizitäten, Pneumonitis oder auch Karditis können bei zu später Diagnose einen fulminanten Verlauf entwickeln.

Diskussion Selbst Notfälle sind gut zu managen, wenn wir die wichtigsten Nebenwirkungen und therapeutischen Optionen kennen. Dabei kommt den immunvermittelten Nebenwirkungen ein besonderer Stellenwert zu, weil sie grundsätzlich jedes Organsystem betreffen können. So lange wir jedoch bei Patienten, die Symptome zeigen, an die Möglichkeit einer Toxizität durch Checkpointinhibitoren denken, sind die meisten Nebenwirkungen gut zu therapieren und daher kontrollierbar.
From Gaps to Solutions: Semi-Structured Interviews to Identify Care Gaps in Breast Cancer Care and How to Solve Them with Digital Solutions
Authors: Pross Therese , Karsten Maria Margarete , Blohmer Jens-Uwe 
Published: September 2024

AbstractStandardized treatment pathways should make it easier for medical staff and patients to achieve the best possible individual treatment outcome by making sure all relevant information are taken into consideration. The aim of this paper is to identify gaps in care along the treatment pathway through semi-structured patient interviews. Subsequently, it will be discussed if mobile health applications can close these identified gaps in care.Nine semi-structured interviews of patients with invasive lobular breast cancer were conducted in March 2023 in German at the breast cancer center at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, which were subsequently transcribed word for word and processed using a thematic analysis approach.Eight recurring themes are identified in the patient interviews: 1. Limited capacity to absorb information, 2. Discrepancy between information needs and information provision, 3. Need for individual initiative, 4. Uncertainty, 5. not being seen and heard, 6. Patient’s desires and suggestions for improvement, 7. Use of mobile health apps, 8. Support through an app for patients.The identified gaps in care of breast cancer patients can be largely addressed through the use of digital health solutions after the establishment of regulatory frameworks, thus improving care for patients with early breast cancer.The interviews were done within a registry for which ethical approval was obtained by the Ethics Committee of Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin EA4/180/17.
Unravelling the Causal Relationship between Endometriosis and the Risk for Developing Venous Thromboembolism: A Pooled Analysis
Authors: De Corte Pauline , Milhoranca Igor , Mechsner Sylvia , Oberg Anna Sara , Kurth Tobias , Heinemann Klaas 
Published: September 2024

Objective To investigate the effect of endometriosis on venous thromboembolism (VTE) in oral contraceptive (OC) users. Pooled analysis on a harmonized dataset compromising international patient-centric cohort studies: INAS-VIPOS, INAS-SCORE, and INAS-FOCUS. Eleven European countries, the United States, and Canada. Individuals being newly prescribed an OC with or without an endometriosis and no VTE history.
Methods Detailed information was captured using self-administered questionnaires at baseline and every 6 to 12 months thereafter. Self-reported VTEs were medically validated and reviewed by an independent adjudication committee. Incidence rates (IRs) were calculated per 10,000 woman-years. The association of endometriosis on VTE was determined in a time-to-event analysis, calculating crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using stabilized inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW).
Results A total of 22,072 women had an endometriosis diagnosis, and 91,056 women did not. Women with endometriosis contributed 78,751 woman-years during which 41 VTE events occurred (IR: 5.2/10,000, 95% CI: 3.7–7.1) compared to 127 VTEs during 310,501 woman-years in women without endometriosis (IR: 4.1/10,000, 95% CI: 3.4–4.9). The hazard ratio of VTE in women with endometriosis was 1.79 (95% CI: 1.24–2.57) using stabilized IPTW controlling for age, body mass index, smoking, education, age at menarche, and family history of VTE. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses showed similar results.
Conclusion These results highlight the importance of considering endometriosis as a potential factor contributing to VTE in women using OC; however, further research on the relationship between endometriosis and VTE is warranted.
Indian Hand Anthropometry: First Web Space Angle Measurement in A Population of 800 Subjects
Authors: Lad Parag B. , Thatte Mukund R. , Reddy Maryada V. , Ghanghurde Bipin , N. Venkateshwaran , Phadnis Ashish 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background The first web space of the hand plays a crucial role in determining the hand's span. Our study aims to examine and quantify the first web space angle in both hands of adult individuals within the Indian population with no upper limb pathologies. The primary objective of this study is to establish normative data. These data will be useful in surgical correction for the first web release, recommending corrective splints, and calculating the percentage of disability in hand function.
Materials and Methods Data from 800 individuals from various regions across India, ranging in age from 20 to 50 years who had no pathology in both upper limbs were collected. A goniometer was used to measure the first web space angle of both hands by keeping the forearm pronated, elbow flexed, and arms adducted. The subjects from different states were divided into various zones.
Results In 800 subjects, the average measurement in the right hand was 97.28 degrees, and in the left hand, 99.76 degrees. In males, the average measurement in the right hand was 97.54 degrees, and in the left hand, it was 99.61 degrees. In females, in the right hand, it was 96.93 degrees, and in the left hand 100 degrees. The result was recorded in subjects from each zone in the country.
Conclusion The large sample size from various parts of the country makes the study more reliable. The technique of measuring the angles was easily reproducible. Our findings provide crucial normative data for clinicians and therapists.
Accessory Axillary Breast Management: Is Primary Skin Excision Necessary?
Authors: Chauhan Neha 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAxillary breasts are a common entity with a reported incidence of 2 to 6% in women and 1 to 3% in men. They are more common amongst Asians than Caucasians, namely amongst South East Asians and Indians, with the highest incidence amongst Japanese. While modalities like CoolScupting™, Kybella™ injections, and BodyTite™ have been used by surgeons for management of axillary breasts, the most effective treatment for this condition remains surgical management involving a combination of liposuction of the axillary breast with excision of the gland and skin. In the author's experience, primary skin excision always leaves a long visible scar that widens over time, at times leading to contractures and restricted axillary movements even when closure looks tension free on the table. Any skin excess is best dealt with secondarily. The author uses a modified protocol without any primary skin excision in axillary breast management to achieve excellent results with minimal scars.
Long-Term Effects of Childhood Exposure to War on Domestic Violence
Authors: Ajefu Joseph B. , Casale Daniela 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This paper highlights the scarring effects of early life exposure to civil war, by examining the impact of exposure to conflict in childhood on the incidence of domestic violence in adulthood among married women. To estimate these effects, we use a difference-in-differences model which exploits variation in exposure to Nigeria’s 30-month-long civil war by year of birth and ethnicity. Our results, based on the 2008 Nigerian Demographic Health Survey, show that women exposed to the war during childhood are more likely to be victims of domestic violence in adulthood compared to those not exposed to the war, with larger effects observed for those exposed at younger ages. Additionally, we explore the mechanisms through which exposure to civil war might affect domestic violence and find some support for both the normalisation of violence and weakened bargaining power hypotheses. Understanding the root causes of domestic violence is important given the high prevalence in developing countries and the deleterious consequences for women and their children.
Achievement of low turn-on voltage in Ga2O3 Schottky and heterojunction hybrid rectifiers using W/Au anode contact
Authors: Chiang Chao-Ching , Li Jian-Sian , Wan Hsiao-Hsuan , Ren Fan , Pearton Stephen J. 
Published: September 2024

The use of the low work function (4.5 eV) tungsten (W) as a rectifying contact was studied to obtain low on-voltages in W/Ga2O3 Schottky rectifiers and NiO/Ga2O3 heterojunction rectifiers that were simultaneously fabricated on a single wafer. The devices were produced with varying proportions of relative areas and diameters, encompassing a spectrum from pure Schottky Barrier Diode (SBD) to pure Heterojunction Diode (HJD) configurations. The turn-on voltages with W contacts ranged from 0.22 V for pure Schottky rectifiers to 1.50 V for pure HJDs, compared to 0.66 and 1.77 V, respectively, for Ni/Au contacts. The reverse recovery times ranged from 31.2 to 33.5 ns for pure Schottky and heterojunction rectifiers. Switching energy losses for the SBD with W contacts were ∼20% of those for HJDs. The reverse breakdown voltages ranged from 600 V for SBDs to 2400 V for HJDs. These are the lowest reported turn-on voltage values for 600/1200 V-class Ga2O3 rectifiers that extend the range of applications of these devices down to the voltages of interest for electric vehicle charging applications.
The development of a cognitive screening protocol for Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples: the Guddi Way screen
Authors: McIntyre Michelle , Cullen Jennifer , Turner Caoilfionn , Bohanna India , Lakhini Ali , Rixon Kylie 
Published: September 2024

Background Many Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander peoples are exposed to risk factors for cognitive impairment. However, culturally appropriate methods for identifying potential cognitive impairment are lacking. This paper reports on the development of a screen and interview protocol designed to flag possible cognitive impairments and psychosocial disability in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults over the age of 16 years. Methods The Guddi Way screen includes items relating to cognition and mental functions across multiple cognitive domains. The screen is straightforward, brief, and able to be administered by non-clinicians with training. Results Early results suggest the Guddi Way screen is reliable and culturally acceptable, and correctly flags cognitive dysfunction among Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults. Conclusions The screen shows promise as a culturally appropriate and culturally developed method to identify the possibility of cognitive impairments and psychosocial disability in Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander adults. A flag on the Guddi Way screen indicates the need for referral to an experienced neuropsychologist or neuropsychiatrist for further assessment and can also assist in guiding support services.
Pronominal address in the linguistic landscape of Hispanic Philadelphia
Authors: Guarin Daniel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
This study explores pronominal address forms in the linguistic landscape of Hispanic Philadelphia, examining how
Spanish-speaking communities use second-person singular pronouns (tú, usted, vos) in public signage. The research objectives were
to identify which pronouns of address are employed and determine the variables influencing their usage. A corpus of 250 signs was
analyzed across three Hispanic neighborhoods and virtual spaces, considering variables such as location, authorship,
language composition, and speech act. Chi-squared tests and logistic regression were used to assess
the impact of these variables on pronoun choice. The findings reveal that only “tú” and “usted” are present in the linguistic
landscape, with “tú” being slightly more prevalent (55.2%). Language composition (p = 0.035) and
speech act (p < 0.001) significantly influence pronoun selection, while
location and authorship do not. Bilingual signs tend to favor “usted”, whereas monolingual
signs prefer “tú”. Regarding speech acts, requests are more likely to use “usted”, while invitations and
persuasive messages favor “tú”. The study concludes that while there is no evidence of a new speech community emerging, there is a
convergence in pronominal use across diverse Hispanic neighborhoods, suggesting linguistic accommodation in written language.
These findings contribute to our understanding of pronominal treatment in diasporic contexts and highlight the complexity of
address forms in Spanish.
Final report, ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, ozone at ambient level, comparison with CMS/ITRI, March 2024
Authors: Viallon Joële , Idrees Faraz , Moussay Philippe , Wielgosz Robert , Norris Jim , Trask Peter , Chen Shih-Fang , Feng Yun 
Published: September 2024

Main text
As part of the ongoing key comparison BIPM.QM-K1, a comparison has been performed between the ozone standard of Chinese Taipei maintained by the Industrial Technology Research Institute/Center for Measurement Standards (CMS/ITRI) and the common reference standard of the key comparison, maintained by the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The instruments have been compared over a nominal ozone amount fraction range of 0 nmol mol−1 to 500 nmol mol−1.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Characterization of bulk trap density using fully I–V-based optoelectronic differential ideality factor in multi-layer MoS2 FETs
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Yoo Jaewook , Park Seohyeon , Lee Hongseung , Song Hyeonjun , Lim Seongbin , Park Minah , Kim Choong-Ki , Kim TaeWan , Kim Bongjoong , Bae Hagyoul 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) has excellent optoelectronic properties, chemical stability, and a two-dimensional (2D) structure, making MoS2 a very versatile field-effect device material. Herein, we characterize MoS2 and utilize a photo-responsive I–V technique for extracting the energy distribution of the bulk traps in multi-layer MoS2 field effect transistors (FET). This method uses the differential ideality factor in both dark and light conditions. The differential ideality factor enables the efficient quantitative extraction of the device trap density by considering the nonlinear characteristics of the subthreshold region (V
ON < V
GS < V
T). To accurately differentiate between the sub-bandgap traps and the interface traps near the conduction band, near-infrared light (λ= 1530 nm) optical illumination was used for the light state characterization. The bulk trap densities under dark state and light state conditions were derived for multi-layer (7-layer and 9-layer) MoS2 FET channels, and the influence of light illumination and overall multi-layer thickness on the bulk trap density was confirmed. The accurate extraction of the trap density enables the design of MoS2 FETs with long-term stability and high optoelectronic performance.
Anisotropic vanadium dioxide-based metasurfaces for polarization-multiplexed holograms in the terahertz region
Authors: Cao Sicheng , Chen Zhenxuan , Zhang Runxuan , Tang Chaoxian , Chen Zijun , Nie Ruixing , Zhao Feng , Huang Shenyi , Song Zhengyong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Holography plays a significant role in optical research and has been utilized in numerous applications. Metasurface holograms are attracting more and more attention with the advancement of their efficient wavefront reshaping. However, the realization of multi-channel holograms and dynamic switching of them still remain challenging in the terahertz band. In this paper, anisotropic vanadium dioxide (VO2) metasurfaces are used to realize four-channel holograms at 1.5 THz. It is assembled by a set of VO2 meta-atoms with independent phase control for different channels. Depending on the polarization of incident wave and the state of VO2, four channels are independently selected. After optimization to eliminate crosstalk between top and bottom layers, two holograms are projected under x- and y-polarized incidences when VO2 is metallic. Similarly, two additional holograms are achieved as VO2 is insulating. As a novel solution to terahertz multi-channel holography, this work may be applied to compact optical system and high-volume optical encryption.