bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attachment and Biofilm Formation by Selected Strains of Salmonella enterica and Entrohemorrhagic Escherichia coli of Fresh Produce Origin
Authors: Han Ran , Klu Yaa Asantewaa Kafui , Chen Jinru 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis study compared the abilities of selected Salmonella enterica and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) strains of fresh produce origin to form biofilms on polystyrene surface and to attach to alfalfa and bean sprouts. Each of the 7 S. enterica and 4 EHEC inocula (2 mL; 107 CFU/mL) was placed in 6 different broths in 24‐well polystyrene tissue culture plates at 28 °C for 1 to 7 d. Developed biofilms were quantified using the crystal violet binding assay. In a separate experiment, alfalfa and mung bean sprouts (5 g) were exposed to 25 mL inocula (107 CFU/mL) of S. enterica or EHEC at 22 °C for 2 h with shaking at 40 rpm. Contaminated sprouts were thoroughly rinsed and homogenized in 0.1% peptone water, and bacteria attached to sprouts were enumerated. Biofilm mass accumulated on polystyrene surface increased with incubation time (P < 0.05). Among the microbiological media used, LB no salt (NaCl) broth better supported biofilm development (P < 0.05). Two EHEC strains formed more biofilms than the Salmonella and other two EHEC strains (P < 0.05). However, more Salmonella cells (5.66 log CFU/g) attached to sprouts than EHEC cells (3.46 log CFU/g). Both Salmonella and EHEC attached in higher numbers to mung bean, than alfalfa, sprouts (P < 0.05).
The novel bacterial phylum Calditrichaeota is diverse, widespread and abundant in marine sediments and has the capacity to degrade detrital proteins
Authors: Marshall Ian P. G. , Starnawski Piotr , Cupit Carina , Fernández Cáceres Eva , Ettema Thijs J. G. , Schramm Andreas , Kjeldsen Kasper U. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCalditrichaeota is a recently recognized bacterial phylum with three cultured representatives, isolated from hydrothermal vents. Here we expand the phylogeny and ecology of this novel phylum with metagenome‐derived and single‐cell genomes from six uncultivated bacteria previously not recognized as members of Calditrichaeota. Using 16S rRNA gene sequences from these genomes, we then identified 322 16S rRNA gene sequences from cultivation‐independent studies that can now be classified as Calditrichaeota for the first time. This dataset was used to re‐analyse a collection of 16S rRNA gene amplicon datasets from marine sediments showing that the Calditrichaeota are globally distributed in the seabed at high abundance, making up to 6.7% of the total bacterial community. This wide distribution and high abundance of Calditrichaeota in cold marine sediment has gone unrecognized until now. All Calditrichaeota genomes show indications of a chemoorganoheterotrophic metabolism with the potential to degrade detrital proteins through the use of extracellular peptidases. Most of the genomes contain genes encoding proteins that confer O2 tolerance, consistent with the relatively high abundance of Calditrichaeota in surficial bioturbated part of the seabed and, together with the genes encoding extracellular peptidases, suggestive of a general ecophysiological niche for this newly recognized phylum in marine sediment.
Television or unrestricted, unmonitored internet access in the bedroom and body mass index in youth athletes
Authors: Stracciolini Andrea , Shore Benjamin J. , Pepin Michael J. , Eisenberg Katherine , Meehan William P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo correlate television or unrestricted, unmonitored Internet access in room of sleep with body mass index (BMI).MethodsCross‐sectional study of athletes ≤19 years who underwent an injury prevention evaluation. Independent variables included proportion of athletes categorised as overweight or obese who answered positively to American Academy of Pediatrics recommended questions: (i) Do you have a TV in the room where you sleep? (ii) Do you have unrestricted, unmonitored access to the Internet in the room where you sleep?Results555 athletes; 324 female; mean age 13.83 ± 2.60. Athletes with a TV in their room of sleep had higher BMI (22.73 vs. 20.54; p < 0.001), slept less hours/week (7.65 vs. 8.12; p = 0.003) and were more likely to be overweight/obese (40.32% vs. 25.52%; p = 0.022). Athletes with unrestricted, unmonitored Internet access in the room of sleep had a higher BMI (21.68 vs. 19.83; p < 0.001), slept fewer hours/week (7.58 vs. 8.60; p < 0.001) and per/weekend (9.00 vs. 9.37; p < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, having a TV in the room of sleep remained significantly associated with BMI and WHO criteria for overweight/obesity.ConclusionAthletes with television in their room of sleep were more likely to have higher BMI and be overweight or obese.
International trade and unionization: Evidence from India
Authors: Ahsan Reshad N. , Ghosh Arghya , Mitra Devashish 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe exploit exogenous variation in tariffs to examine the impact of import competition on unionization and union wages in a developing country. Using a combination of nationally representative household data (National Sample Survey Organization) and nationally representative industry‐level data (Annual Survey of Industries) from India, we find that net‐import industries that experienced larger cuts in tariffs also experienced larger declines in unionization. In addition, we find that these industries also experienced larger increases in union wages. These results are consistent with the predictions of an efficient bargaining framework that we extend to endogenize the union formation decision by allowing for a fixed cost of union formation. We also conduct a back‐of‐the‐envelope calculation to show that the total wage gains to unionized workers marginally exceed the total wage losses to deunionized workers.
Output‐based rebating of carbon taxes in a neighbour's backyard: Competitiveness, leakage and welfare
Authors: Böhringer Christoph , Bye Brita , Fæhn Taran , Rosendahl Knut Einar 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe investigate how, in an open economy, carbon taxes combined with output‐based rebating (OBR) perform in interaction with the carbon policies of a large neighbouring trading partner. Analytical results suggest that, whether the purpose of the OBR policy is to compensate firms for carbon tax burdens or to maximize welfare (accounting for global emission reductions), the OBR rate should be positive in policy‐relevant cases. Numerical simulations for Canada, with the US as the neighbouring trading partner, indicate that the impact of US policies on the OBR rate will depend crucially on the purpose of the Canadian OBR policies. If, for a given US carbon policy, Canada's aim is to restore the competitiveness of domestic emission‐intensive and trade‐exposed (EITE) firms to the same level as before the introduction of its own carbon taxation, we find that the necessary domestic OBR rates will be insensitive to the foreign carbon policies. However, if not only the Canadian carbon tax but also an equally high US tax is introduced, compensatory Canadian OBR rates will be up to 50% lower, depending on the sector and on US OBR policy. If the policy objective is to increase economy‐wide allocative efficiency (welfare) of Canadian policies by accounting for carbon leakage, the US policies will have only a minor downward pressure on desirable OBR rates in Canada. Practical choices of OBR rates hardly affect overall domestic economic performance; thus, output‐based rebating qualifies as an instrument for compensating EITE industries without a large sacrifice in terms of economy‐wide allocative efficiency.
An Eaton–Kortum model of trade and growth
Authors: Naito Takumi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe combine a multi‐country, continuum‐good Ricardian model of Eaton and Kortum (2002) with a multi‐country AK model of Acemoglu and Ventura (2002) to examine how trade liberalization affects countries' growth rates and extensive margins of trade over time. Focusing on the three‐country case, we obtain three main results. First, a permanent fall in any trade cost raises the balanced growth rate. Second, trade liberalization increases the liberalizing countries' long‐run fractions of exported varieties to all destinations. Third, the long‐run effects of trade liberalization are different from its short‐run effects, which can reverse the welfare implications of the static Eaton–Kortum model.
Steady state properties of multi‐state economic models
Authors: Tsur Yacov , Zemel Amos 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA simple method to derive optimal steady states of multi‐state dynamic economic systems with minimal assumptions on the underlying processes is developed. This is accomplished by an n‐dimensional function defined over the n‐dimensional state space in terms of the model's primitives. The location and stability properties of optimal steady state candidates are characterized by the roots and derivatives of this function. A resource management example illustrates the simplicity and applicability of the method.
Missing data, clade support and “reticulation”: the molecular systematics of Heliconius and related genera (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) re‐examined
Authors: Brower Andrew V.Z. , Garzón‐Orduña Ivonne J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractKozak et al. (2015, Syst. Biol., 64: 505) portrayed the inference of evolutionary history among Heliconius and allied butterfly genera as a particularly difficult problem for systematics due to prevalent gene conflict caused by interspecific reticulation. To control for this, Kozak et al. conducted a series of multispecies coalescent phylogenetic analyses that they claimed revealed pervasive conflict among markers, but ultimately chose as their preferred hypothesis a phylogenetic tree generated by the traditional supermatrix approach. Intrigued by this seemingly contradictory set of conclusions, we conducted further analyses focusing on two prevalent aspects of the data set: missing data and the uneven contribution of phylogenetic signal among markers. Here, we demonstrate that Kozak et al. overstated their findings of reticulation and that evidence of gene‐tree conflict is largely lacking. The distribution of intrinsic homoplasy and incongruence homoplasy in their data set does not follow the pattern expected if phylogenetic history had been obscured by pervasive horizontal gene flow; in fact, noise within individual gene partitions is ten times higher than the incongruence among gene partitions. We show that the patterns explained by Kozak et al. as a result of reticulation can be accounted for by missing data and homoplasy. We also find that although the preferred topology is resilient to missing data, measures of support are sensitive to, and strongly eroded by too many empty cells in the data matrix. Perhaps more importantly, we show that when some taxa are missing almost all characters, adding more genes to the data set provides little or no increase in support for the tree.
Frailty in older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment as a result of Alzheimer's disease: A comparison of two models of frailty characterization
Authors: Cezar Natália O.C. , Izbicki Rafael , Cardoso Diego , Almeida Jouce G. , Valiengo Leandro , Camargo Marina V.Z. , Forlenza Orestes V. , Yassuda Monica S. , Aprahamian Ivan 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo verify the prevalence and presence of frailty markers, and their relationship to cognitive function among older adults with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI).MethodsThis was an observational study with transversal analyses. Older adults with aMCI as a result of Alzheimer's disease (n = 40) were compared with healthy controls (n = 26) at the Psychogeriatric Outpatient Unit, Institute and Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo. All participants were submitted to a broad clinical and neuropsychological evaluation. Frailty was evaluated according to the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) phenotype and the Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS). MCI was diagnosed by a multidisciplinary consensus according to the Petersen criteria and cerebrospinal fluid analysis for Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.ResultsThe prevalence of frailty was significantly higher in the aMCI compared with the control group when it was assessed with the EFS (P = 0.047), but not with the CHS (P = 0.255). The prevalence of frailty varied on the criteria used (EFS 7.5%; CHS 30%). The fatigue variable in the CHS (P = 0.036), and the mood (P = 0.019) and functional independence (P = 0.042) variables from the EFS were significantly different between the groups. Visuospatial function (OR 2.405, P = 0.042) was associated with the CHS criteria.ConclusionThe identification of frailty features in aMCI appears to depend on the protocol used for evaluation. Visuospatial function showed a higher risk for frailty with the CHS. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2017; 17: 2096–2102.
Extra‐Firm Networks and Firm Performance: A Study of South Korean Solar PV Firms and Industry Specific Government Actors
Authors: Oh Kyumin , Gress Douglas R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractExtra‐firm actors have been acknowledged as vital to the success of green energy industries. This article deploys the firm network perspective to deliver a first of its kind analysis of specific extra‐firm actor impacts on firm performance in Korea's solar photovoltaic industry. Results are based on quantitative analyses of data from 60 firm respondents and augmented by interviews with eight government officials. Three research questions capture and compare firm and government actor perceptions pertaining to extra‐firm actor influences at the national, regional, and extra‐local scales, inclusive of place–place competition and cooperation. Results indicate that firms differ in perceptions related to the impact of 18 national level government institutes, R&D centers, associations, and academic societies on their success, and that perceptions vary by level of technology concerning a plethora of other related extra‐firm actor and support infrastructure impacts. A comparative perspective is presented based on government informant interviews.
Effect of surface‐treated graphites on the properties of carbon‐containing monolithic refractory materials—A comprehensive comparison
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Sunanda 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe performance of alumina‐ and magnesia‐based carbon‐containing refractory castables, suitable for different sectors of steel plants, has been compared. Natural flaky graphites have been modified by their surface treatment via sol‐gel route. The sustainability of graphite in oxidizing atmosphere was noticeably increased by this method with a synergistic possibility of pollution abatement. The hydrophilic nanocoatings of ceramic oxides derived by inorganic precursors reduced the water demand of the composite batch and simultaneously enhanced its oxidation resistance. The oxide coating compositions together with the precursor chemistry have been varied to substantiate their common beneficial features. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman spectroscopy, Differential thermal analysis (DTA), Thermogravimetry (TG), X‐ray diffraction, thermal conductivity, and zeta‐potential studies have been carried out to compare the influence of heat treatment on as‐received and surface‐modified graphites. The properties of refractory castables, namely, bulk density, apparent porosity, and cold crushing strength have been measured within wide temperature region (110–1500°C), to confirm the positive influence of nanoengineering on graphite surface. The sequence of important phase reactions during sintering of both the composite materials has been discussed. Finally the slag resistance behavior at aggressively fired condition has been investigated to corroborate the improved matrix characteristics due to coated graphites.
Preparation of NaA zeolite spheres from geopolymer gels using a one‐step method in silicone oil
Authors: Liu Zi‐han , Tang Qing , Li Chun‐min , He Yan , Cui Xue‐min 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA simple one‐step method for the preparation of NaA zeolite spheres using a nonhydrothermal process is introduced in this article. The mechanism of formation of NaA zeolite spheres was studied by the suspension solidification method in both silicone oil and polyethylene glycol. The crystalline phase, micromorphology, and microstructure of the spheres produced were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and BET specific surface tests. The results demonstrate that geopolymer spheres can directly transform into NaA zeolite spheres in silicone oil but not in polyethylene glycol (PEG). Since the formation process in PEG cannot retain water in the geopolymer spheres, there is no additional medium that can transport and rearrange the aluminate and silicate groups in the geopolymer gel. Thus, the geopolymer gel cannot crystallize to form zeolite crystals.
A flexible job shop cell scheduling with sequence‐dependent family setup times and intercellular transportation times using conic scalarization method
Authors: Deliktas Derya , Torkul Orhan , Ustun Ozden 
Published: May 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose novel mathematical models involving both single‐ and biobjective functions that deal with a flexible job shop scheduling problem in cellular manufacturing environment by taking into consideration exceptional parts, intercellular moves, intercellular transportation times, sequence‐dependent family setup times, and recirculation. The problem has been known as NP‐hard. The proposed models have been tested and solved using Lingo 11.0 with minimization of makespan for the problems involving about 4 cells, 4 part families, 15 parts, and 12 machines. The most suitable model among the proposed single‐objective models is determined using the test results. Then, another objective function as total tardiness is added to this model. The obtained biobjective model is solved using the scalarization methods, the weighted sum method, ɛ‐constraint method, and conic scalarization method (CSM), in order to convert the mathematical model's objectives into a single‐objective function. By utilizing these scalarization methods, the Pareto effective solutions are generated for a specific test problem. The advantages of the CSM are demonstrated by considering the Pareto effective solutions.
Clawback provision adoption, corporate governance, and investment decisions
Authors: Chen Yu , Vann Carol E. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractWe examine the effect of corporate governance on the likelihood of clawback provision adoption, and its consequences in terms of corporate investment practices and risk‐taking behavior. We find that firms with strong governance (as proxied by board independence, diligence, and size) are positively associated with the firm's adoption of a clawback provision; whereas firms with weak governance (as proxied by management entrenchment, i.e., CEO duality status and tenure) are negatively associated with clawback provision adoption. Using the propensity‐score matching, difference‐in‐differences research design, and inverse Mills ratio to mitigate omitted variables and self‐selection biases, we find that after adopting a clawback provision, firms’ abnormal investment decreases and the firms’ investments are less risky.
TfVPS32 Regulates Cell Division in the ParasiteTritrichomonas foetus
Authors: Iriarte Lucrecia S. , Midlej Victor , Frontera Lorena S. , Moros Duarte Daniel , Barbeito Claudio G. , de Souza Wanderley , Benchimol Marlene , de Miguel Natalia , Coceres Veronica M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe flagellated protistTritrichomonas foetusis a parasite that causes bovine trichomonosis, a major sexually transmitted disease in cattle. Cell division has been described as a key player in controlling cell survival in other cells, including parasites but there is no information on the regulation of this process inT. foetus. The regulation of cytokinetic abscission, the final stage of cell division, is mediated by members of theESCRT(endosomal sorting complex required for transport) machinery.VPS32 is a subunit within theESCRTIIIcomplex and here, we report that TfVPS32 is localized on cytoplasmic vesicles and a redistribution of the protein to the midbody is observed during the cellular division. In concordance with its localization, deletion of TfVPS32 C‐terminal alpha helices (α5 helix and/or α4‐5 helix) leads to abnormalT. foetusgrowth, an increase in the percentage of multinucleated parasites and cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Together, these results indicate a role of this protein in controlling normal cell division.
Three‐Dimensional Shape and Surface Features Distinguish Multiple Sclerosis Lesions from Nonspecific White Matter Disease
Authors: Newton Braeden D. , Wright Katy , Winkler Mandy D. , Bovis Francesca , Takahashi Masaya , Dimitrov Ivan E. , Sormani Maria Pia , Pinho Marco C. , Okuda Darin T. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND PURPOSEThere remains a need to further refine the ability of clinicians to differentiate multiple sclerosis (MS) from other disease etiologies. Here, we illustrate the value of 3‐dimensional (3D) geometric shape and surface lesion characteristics between disease states.METHODSStandardized 3‐Tesla 3D brain magnetic resonance imaging studies were performed on enrolled MS and nonspecific white matter (NSWM) patients. Focal supratentorial lesions were identified, reconstructed using maximum intensity projection, manually segmented, and 3D printed. Printed 3D models were randomly evaluated by three blinded raters for selected shape and surface characteristics. Regression models adjusting for age, disease duration, and individual patient effects were applied to assess lesion characteristics between patient groups. Patient‐level and latent class analyses between groups were performed.RESULTSA total of 1,001 supratentorial lesions were analyzed (710 MS; 291 NSWM) from 30 patients (19 with confirmed MS [11 female; median age = 33.6 years, range: 26.9‐54.5], median disease duration = 2.2 years [.4‐19.4]), 11 with verified nonspecific white matter (NSWM) disease without MS (11 female; median age = 55.0 years, range: 27.9‐66.2). Lesions originating from MS in comparison to NSWM patients demonstrated a higher percentage of asymmetry (75.9% vs. 43%; OR: 4.39 [2.37‐8.12]; P < .001), complex surface morphologies (65.9% vs. 27.8%; OR: 2.3 [1.74‐3.05]; P < .001), and were multilobular (11.0% vs. .3%, P < .001), and elongated (12.8% vs. 2.4%, P < .001) in shape. Spatially, these traits were of higher frequency within the juxtacortical, deep white matter, and periventricular regions.CONCLUSIONThree‐dimensional lesion data may provide new biologic insights related to injury along with offering another approach for determining the origin of lesion types.