bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertension is associated with the reduction in epidermal small fibres independently of sural nerve inflammation in type 2 diabetic subjects
Authors: Wang Zhenchao , Kushibiki Hanae , Tarusawa Takefusa , Osonoi Sho , Ogasawara Saori , Miura Chinatsu , Sasaki Takanori , Ryuzaki Masaki , Yagihashi Soroku , Mizukami Hiroki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is a multifactorial disease associated not only with hyperglycaemia but also with circulatory disturbances such as hypertension. A close interaction between the immune system and hypertension is known. It remains unclear whether the inflammatory response is associated with hypertension in the pathology of human DPN. Autopsied patients were evaluated: 7 non‐diabetic patients (nDM), 11 non‐diabetic patients with hypertension (nDMHT), 6 patients with diabetes (DM) and 9 patients with hypertension and diabetes (DMHT). Intraepidermal nerve fibre density (IENFD) was examined by immunofluorescent staining. Dissected sural nerve (SNs) were morphometrically quantified. Dermal and endoneurial macrophage infiltration was evaluated by double immunostaining using anti‐CD68 and anti‐CD206 antibodies. IENFD was significantly decreased in DM compared to nDM (p < 0.05) and was further decreased in DMHT (p < 0.05). Myelinated nerve fibre density (MNFD) in the SN was significantly decreased in DM compared with nDM (p < 0.05) and further decreased in DMHT (p < 0.01 vs. DM). The infiltration of CD206−/CD68+ proinflammatory macrophages in the SN was significantly increased in DM compared to nDM (p < 0.05), whilst the number of CD206+/CD68+ anti‐inflammatory macrophages was decreased in DM (p < 0.05). Hypertension had no impact on macrophage infiltration. The ratio of CD206− and CD206+ macrophage was negatively correlated with MNFD (r = 0.42, p < 0.05) but not IENFD (r = 0.30, p = 0.09). Dermal CD206+ macrophage infiltration was similar amongst all groups. Diabetes complicated by hypertension significantly increased the total diffusion barrier thickness (p < 0.01 vs. DM). Total diffusion barrier thickness was inversely correlated with both IENFD (r = ‐0.59, p < 0.01) and MNFD (r =‐0.62, p < 0.01). Our results suggest that vascular factors and inflammation might be synergistically involved in pathological changes in human diabetic patients through different mechanisms.
image
Effect of the glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists on diabetic peripheral neuropathy: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Shujin , Qiu Yue , Liu Jing , Zhu Tianxin , Wang Chuan , Liu Dan , Yan Li , Ren Meng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractPrevious researches found that glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP‐1RA) offer benefits beyond their anti‐diabetic properties, including weight loss and cardiovascular disease prevention. However, the effects of GLP‐1RA on diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) remain unclear. This meta‐analysis aims to assess the potential benefits of GLP‐1RA treatment in DPN patients by evaluating peripheral neural function. Following the Cochrane Collaboration and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we conducted a meta‐analysis of the clinical trials investigating the impact of GLP‐1RA treatment on peripheral neural function in patients with DPN. Outcomes were measured using electrophysiological tests, including nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and action potential amplitude. Our meta‐analysis included six studies with 271 participants. Following GLP‐1RA treatment, NCV significantly improved compared to the control group (MD 1.74; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.33; p < 0.001) and before treatment (MD 2.16; 95% CI 1.04 to 3.27; p < 0.001). Despite the improvement in NCV, blood glucose levels did not change significantly (MD −0.20 95% CI −0.87 to 0.46, p = 0.55) indicating that GLP‐1RA enhances NCV through mechanisms other than glucose lowering. Nonetheless, as a result of the limited population studied, further research is needed to strengthen the reliability of these findings.
image
Dispensable regulation of brain development and myelination by the immune‐related protein Serpina3n
Authors: Zhu Meina , Wang Yan , Park Joohyun , Titus Annlin , Guo Fuzheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSerine protease inhibitor clade A member 3n (Serpina3n) or its human orthologue SERPINA3 is a secretory immune‐related molecule produced primarily in the liver and brain under homeostatic conditions and up‐regulated in response to system inflammation. Yet, it remains elusive regarding its cellular identity and physiological significance in the development of the postnatal brain. Here, we reported that oligodendroglial lineage cells are the major cell population expressing Serpina3n protein in the postnatal murine CNS. Using loss‐of‐function genetic tools, we found that Serpina3n conditional knockout (cKO) from Olig2‐expressing cells does not significantly affect cognitive and motor functions in mice. Serpina3n depletion does not appear to interfere with oligodendrocyte differentiation and developmental myelination nor affects the population of other glial cells and neurons in vivo. Interestingly, Serpina3n is significantly up‐regulated in response to oxidative stress and its deficiency alleviates oxidative injury and diminishes cell senescence of oligodendrocytes in vitro. Together, our data suggest that the immune‐related molecule Serpina3n plays a minor role in neural cell development under homeostasis, yet it primes oligodendrocytes for CNS insults and regulates oligodendrocyte health under injured conditions. Our findings raise the interest in pursuing its functional significance in the CNS under disease/injury conditions.
image
Feel the Fear and Do It Anyway—Beliefs About Compassion Predict Care and Motivation to Help Among Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Pavlova Alina , O'Donovan‐Lee Claire , Paine Sarah‐Jane , Consedine Nathan S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsTo develop and preliminarily validate a measure of beliefs about compassion in health care and assess whether and which beliefs may predict compassion.DesignPre‐registered cross‐sectional online survey study with a repeated‐measures vignette component.MethodExploratory and Confirmatory Factor analyses were performed on a split sample of 890 healthcare professionals in Aotearoa New Zealand (NZ). Links with fears of compassion for others, burnout, trait compassion, compassion competency and ability and self‐efficacy were used to assess convergent and divergent validity. Linear mixed model regression analyses were used to assess relationships between beliefs and compassion. In writing this report, we adhered to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) guidelines.ResultsFour‐factor structure featuring three negative (compassion as harmful, not useful, draining) and one positive (compassion is important) type of beliefs was established. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit and subscales indicated good measures of validity. Internal consistency was achieved for the subset of beliefs (harmful, not useful). Regression analyses indicated negative effects of the belief that compassion is draining on caring, motivation to help and compassion overall; negative effects of the belief that compassion is not useful on the motivation to help and a positive effect of the belief that compassion is important on caring and compassion overall. There was no effect of beliefs that compassion is harmful on compassion measures.ConclusionThis report extends prior qualitative studies of beliefs about compassion in a large healthcare sample, offering a way to measure these potentially malleable factors that might be targeted in education, interventions and future research.Patient or Public ContributionThe study was designed in consultation with healthcare and compassion research professionals, including substantial input from Indigenous Māori healthcare professionals.
Content and Effect of Introduction Programmes to Increase Retention and Decrease Turnover of Newly Graduated Nurses in Hospitals: Umbrella Review
Authors: Berthelsen Connie , Hansen Carrinna Aviaja 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimThe aim of this study is to combine and compare results from systematic reviews reporting the content and effect of programmes for the introduction of newly graduated nurses employed in hospital settings on increasing retention and decreasing turnover.DesignAn umbrella review.MethodsThe electronic databases of PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL and PhycInfo were searched in January 2023 for eligible systematic reviews. The search string consisted of keywords extracted from the PICOS inclusion criteria. The AMSTAR 2 instrument was used for critical appraisal of the methodological quality of the eligible systematic reviews. The process and results of the review were presented using a narrative description of the data.ResultsFive systematic reviews, reporting 84 intervention studies evaluating nine types of introduction programmes from 2001 to 2018, were included in the umbrella review. All nine programme types were executed by nurses in a preceptor or mentor role and the content was directed towards training of the preceptor/mentor and introduction of the newly graduated nurses. The nine programmes showed overall positive effects on retention and turnover.ConclusionsMentorship and Preceptorship were the most frequently evaluated programmes in the included intervention studies of the five reviews. However, the lack of transparency of the reviews and the bias of the intervention studies within the reviews, made it difficult to conclude specific effects of the content of the nine programmes.RegistrationThe protocol for the umbrella review is registered with Open Science Framework (https://OSF.IO/DXYS4).ImpactA weak introduction to hospital employment of newly graduated nurses may decrease retention and increase turnover. Structured and personal introduction by a mentor can have an effect on the newly graduated nurses' intentions to stay in their hospital care position.Reporting MethodAMSTAR 2.Patient or Public ContributionNone.
Utilizing large‐scale insurance data sets to calibrate sub‐county level crop yields
Authors: Tsiboe Francis , Turner Dylan , Yu Jisang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCrop yields are crucial for research on agricultural risk and productivity but are typically only available at highly aggregated levels. Yield data at more granular levels of observation have the potential to enhance econometric identification and improve statistical power but are typically inaccessible. Crop insurance contracts offered via the US Federal Crop Insurance Program (FCIP) are priced, in part, based on past yields of the farm meaning year‐to‐year variation in premium rates has the potential to provide insight into how yields vary over time. This paper introduces methods to use observed FCIP rating parameters to calibrate yields for insurance transactions lacking such data. These methods are validated with 148,243 farm‐level observations from Kansas for which yields are known. The calibrated yields are applied empirically to examine the impact of asymmetric information in the FCIP via choice of insurance unit structure and the extent to which legislative changes mitigated this effect.
Coercive Measures in Psychiatry Can Hardly Be Justified in Principle Any Longer—Ethico‐Legal Requirements Versus Empirical Research Data and Conceptual Issues
Authors: Richter Dirk 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimTo review the scientific and empirical evidence that is usually accepted for the ethical and legal justification of coercion in psychiatry.MethodFive key criteria are examined as follows: (1) the demonstrable existence of a mental disorder; (2) the effectiveness of psychiatric measures; (3) the use of coercion as last resort and as least possible restriction; (4) the benefit of the person affected by the coercive measure and (5) the restoration of the affected person's autonomy.Results(1) The existence of a demarcation between a mentally ill and a mentally healthy state cannot be confirmed; (2) Pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions in psychiatry are not even moderately effective; (3) Coercive measures are usually not used as last resort and as least restrictive measure; (4) Most people affected by psychiatric coercion do not benefit from the measures; (5) It is at least unclear whether autonomy is affected by a mental illness and whether it can be restored through a coercive psychiatric measure.DiscussionNone of the central ethical and legal criteria for the use of coercion in psychiatry are clearly and unambiguously fulfilled according to current research.ImplicationsPsychiatric coercion can hardly be justified any longer.
A comparative analysis of unsupervised machine‐learning methods in PSG‐related phenotyping
Authors: Ghorvei Mohammadreza , Karhu Tuomas , Hietakoste Salla , Ferreira‐Santos Daniela , Hrubos‐Strøm Harald , Islind Anna Sigridur , Biedebach Luka , Nikkonen Sami , Leppänen Timo , Rusanen Matias 
Published: October 2024

SummaryObstructive sleep apnea is a heterogeneous sleep disorder with varying phenotypes. Several studies have already performed cluster analyses to discover various obstructive sleep apnea phenotypic clusters. However, the selection of the clustering method might affect the outputs. Consequently, it is unclear whether similar obstructive sleep apnea clusters can be reproduced using different clustering methods. In this study, we applied four well‐known clustering methods: Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering; K‐means; Fuzzy C‐means; and Gaussian Mixture Model to a population of 865 suspected obstructive sleep apnea patients. By creating five clusters with each method, we examined the effect of clustering methods on forming obstructive sleep apnea clusters and the differences in their physiological characteristics. We utilized a visualization technique to indicate the cluster formations, Cohen's kappa statistics to find the similarity and agreement between clustering methods, and performance evaluation to compare the clustering performance. As a result, two out of five clusters were distinctly different with all four methods, while three other clusters exhibited overlapping features across all methods. In terms of agreement, Fuzzy C‐means and K‐means had the strongest (κ = 0.87), and Agglomerative hierarchical clustering and Gaussian Mixture Model had the weakest agreement (κ = 0.51) between each other. The K‐means showed the best clustering performance, followed by the Fuzzy C‐means in most evaluation criteria. Moreover, Fuzzy C‐means showed the greatest potential in handling overlapping clusters compared with other methods. In conclusion, we revealed a direct impact of clustering method selection on the formation and physiological characteristics of obstructive sleep apnea clusters. In addition, we highlighted the capability of soft clustering methods, particularly Fuzzy C‐means, in the application of obstructive sleep apnea phenotyping.
Sleep is altered during menstruation but not inflammatory parameters: Results from polysomnography of EPISONO database
Authors: Ishikura Isabela A. , Hachul Helena , Moysés‐Oliveira Mariana , Fernandes Guilherme Luiz , Tufik Sergio , Andersen Monica L. 
Published: October 2024

SummaryMenstruation is an inflammatory process that involves changes in women's physiology leading to mental and physical complaints. Sleep is essential for optimal hormonal release, immune response, and wellbeing, becoming an important factor to be evaluated. We compared sleep, inflammatory mediators, fatigue, anxiety and depression symptoms, and quality of life in menstruating and non‐menstruating women. We used the polysomnographic data of 232 women from EPISONO 2007, an epidemiological study from São Paulo city, Brazil. Women were distributed into menstruating (N = 61) and non‐menstruating groups (N = 171). We applied questionnaires related to sleep quality, sleepiness, insomnia, fatigue, anxiety and depression symptoms, and quality of life. The serum levels of interleukin 6, tumour necrosis factor‐alpha, and C‐reactive protein were analysed. For statistical analysis the significance level adopted was p < 0.05. Sleep efficiency was statistically lower in menstruating women (81% ± 13) compared with the non‐menstruating group (84.2% ± 13.3, p < 0.023). No statistical differences between the two groups were found in respect to the other parameters analysed. Both groups scored for fatigue symptoms, but no statistical significance was observed between the groups. Our findings indicate that menstruation was associated with lower objective sleep efficiency, suggesting that menstruation may be a physiological factor impairing sleep. Further studies evaluating menstrual variables, and each phase of the menstrual cycle, should be undertaken to detect the main factors associated with sleep complaints, fatigue, and objective parameters of sleep.
Redefining “expansion” in congressional communication: Homestyles for a digital constituency
Authors: Davis Stephanie , Russell Annelise 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSelf‐presentation in Congress is more nationalized, with digital constituencies on platforms such as Twitter offering new reputation‐building opportunities. Digital constituencies transform traditional expectations of constituent communication, challenging Richard Fenno's theory that representatives adopt an “expansionist” style with constituents during early, vulnerable phases of their tenure. In a digital era that encourages a more national approach, we question how Fenno's distinction between expansionist and protectionist phases of connecting with constituents applies to reputation‐building with digital constituencies. While electorally vulnerable senators still seek to expand their presentation among geographic constituents, digital platforms, such as Twitter, incentivize them to protect their reputation among a digital constituency. We analyzed senators' Twitter communications from 2013 to 2023. We find the electoral vulnerabilities of Fenno's expansionist local model are associated with a protectionist model of engagement with digital constituencies on Twitter. Our study sheds light on the significance of online reputation management and its implications for representing a media‐influenced, modern Congress.
Characterisation of the tumour microenvironment in primary and recurrent glioblastomas
Authors: Knudsen Arnon Møldrup , Ewald Jesper Dupont , Pedersen Vilde , Haupt‐Jorgensen Martin , Hansen Elisabeth Victoria Riber , Kristensen Bjarne Winther 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimsGlioblastoma patients have a dismal prognosis, due to inevitable tumour recurrence and respond poorly to immunotherapy. Tumour‐associated microglia/macrophages (TAMs) dominate the glioblastoma tumour microenvironment and have been implicated in tumour progression and immune evasion. Early recurrent glioblastomas contain focal reactive regions with occasional fibrosis, chronic inflammation, TAMs and tumour cells. Surgical specimens from these tumours are rare and provide crucial insights into glioblastoma recurrence biology. This study aimed to characterise TAM‐ and lymphocyte phenotypes in primary vs early‐ and late‐recurrent glioblastomas.MethodsPatient‐matched primary and recurrent glioblastomas were compared between patients with early recurrences (n = 11, recurrence ≤6 months) and late recurrences (n = 12, recurrence after 12–19 months). Double‐immunofluorescence stains combining Iba1 with HLA‐DR, CD14, CD68, CD74, CD86, CD163, CD204 and CD206 along with stains for CD20, CD3, CD8 and FOXP3 were quantified with software‐based classifiers.ResultsReactive regions in early recurrent tumours contained more TAMs (31.4% vs 21.7%, P = 0.01), which showed increased expression of CD86 (59.4% vs 38.4%, P = 0.04), CD204 (48.5% vs 28.4%, P = 0.03), CD206 (25.5% vs 14.4%, P = 0.04) and increased staining intensity for CD163 (86.4 vs 57.7 arbitrary units, P = 0.02), compared to late recurring tumours. Reactive regions contained more B‐lymphocytes compared to patient‐matched primary tumours (0.71% vs 0.40%, P = 0.04). Fractions of total, cytotoxic and regulatory T‐lymphocytes did not differ.ConclusionsEarly recurrent glioblastomas showed enrichment for TAMs, expressing both pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory markers and B‐lymphocytes. This may indicate a time‐dependent response to immunotherapy explained by time‐dependent alterations in the immune‐microenvironment in recurrent glioblastomas.
The t‐SNARE protein OsSYP132 is required for vesicle fusion and root morphogenesis in rice
Authors: Zhu Jianshu , Li Mengzhen , Lu Hong , Li Yong , Ren Meiyan , Xu Jiming , Ding Wona , Wang Yong , Wu Yunrong , Liu Yu , Wu Zhongchang , Mo Xiaorong , Mao Chuanzao 
Published: October 2024

Summary
Root morphogenesis is crucial for water and nutrient acquisition, but many aspects of root morphogenesis in crops are not well‐understood.
Here, we cloned and functionally characterized a key gene for root morphogenesis in rice (Oryza sativa) based on mutant analysis. The stop root morphogenesis 1 (srm1) mutant lacks crown roots (CRs) and lateral roots (LRs) and carries a point mutation in the t‐SNARE coding gene SYNTAXIN OF PLANTS 132 (OsSYP132), leading to a premature stop codon and ablating the post‐transmembrane (PTM) region of OsSYP132.
We identified the functional SNARE complex OsSYP132–OsNPSN13–OsSYP71–OsVAMP721/722 and determined that the integrity of the PTM region of OsSYP132 is essential for OsSYP132‐based SNARE complex‐mediated fusion of OsVAMP721/722 vesicles with the plasma membrane.
The loss of this region in srm1 disrupts the intercellular trafficking and plasma membrane localization of OsPIN1b, preventing proper auxin distribution in the primordia of CRs and LRs and inhibiting their outgrowth.
Divergent Assembly Processes of Phyllosphere and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities Along Environmental Gradient
Authors: Li Yang , Wang Jinsong , Pan Junxiao , Zhang Ruiyang , Zhou Benjamin , Niu Shuli 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThe underlying assembly processes of surface microbial communities are crucial for host plants and ecosystem functions. However, the relative importance of stochastic and deterministic processes in shaping epiphytic microbes remains poorly understood in both the phyllosphere and rhizosphere. Here, we compared the spatial variations in epiphytic microbial communities of two dominant grasses along a 1400 km transect on the Tibetan Plateau and assessed the assembly processes between the phyllosphere and rhizosphere. We found significant variations in epiphytic microbial community compositions between plant compartments and host species. Stochastic processes (drift and homogenizing dispersal) predominantly shaped microbial communities in both the phyllosphere and rhizosphere, with a greater contribution of stochastic processes in the phyllosphere. As environmental heterogeneity intensified, we found a transition from stochasticity to determinism in affecting the microbial assembly. This transition to homogeneous or variable selection depended on plant compartments and host species. Our study is among the first to compare the contribution of stochastic versus deterministic processes to epiphytic community assembly between the phyllosphere and rhizosphere on the Tibetan Plateau. These findings advance our knowledge of epiphytic microbial assembly and disentangle how host plants exploit the microbiome for improved performance and functioning in stressful alpine ecosystems.
Explicit exact solutions for plane shock waves in dilute polyatomic gases
Authors: Uribe F. J. , Velasco R. M. , Marques W. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe exact solutions for the Navier–Stokes–Fourier equations in the case of plane shock waves for dilute monatomic gases with constant transport coefficients were found by Becker in 1922. The solutions obtained are limited for a Prandtl's number given by . Besides the solutions for the speed and temperature, profiles were given in an implicit way. In this paper, we consider Becker's model to find some exact explicit solutions for dilute polyatomic gases.