bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conformity visa-vi transformational conversion in mission: Towards a self-transcendental mission agenda
Authors: Kgatla Selaelo T. 
Published: August 2017

In this article, the author discusses the concept of conversion as opposed to conformity to a religious tradition without internal self-assertiveness. A transcendental mission understanding as opposed to an immanent agenda for liberation is proposed as an alternative solution. He analyses the role played and the contributions made by missionary enterprise and the liberation theologies in South Africa as they shaped the path for liberation. The white churches and state theologies sought to produce black conformists to the system; liberation theologies resisted the conformity mentality and fought for an egalitarian and free society. Both movements failed to embrace a transcendental methodology that would go beyond the secular boundaries and bring about transformational and empowering spirituality. This article suggests new spirituality for life and affirmation that would work against self-hate among the previously oppressed and self-guilt among the previously oppressing ruling class. It seeks ways to heal broken relationships through authentic empowerment and transformation.
On becoming a practical theologian: Past, present and future tenses
Authors: Graham Elaine L. 
Published: August 2017

This article takes an autobiographical approach to the development of practical theology as a discipline over the past 30 years, with particular attention to my own context of the United Kingdom (UK). The unfolding of my own intellectual story in relation to key issues within the wider academic discourse provides an opportunity to reflect on some of the predominant themes and trends: past, present and future. Changing nomenclature, from ‘pastoral studies’ to ‘practical theology’, indicates how the discipline has moved from regarding itself as the application of theory into practice, into a more performative and inductive epistemology. This emphasis continues to the present day and foregrounds the significance of the human context and the realities of lived experience, including narrative and autobiography. Whilst the methodological conundrums of relating experience to tradition and theory to practice continue, further challenges are beckoning, including religious pluralism, and so the article closes by surveying the prospects for a multicultural practical theology.
A descriptive study of biological and psychosocial factors associated with body mass index for age, in adolescents attending an outpatient department at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital
Authors: Ncube Kgomotso R. , Khamker Nadira , Van der Westhuizen Deborah , Corbett Thea 
Published: August 2017

Objective: To describe biological and psychosocial factors associated with body mass index (BMI) for age in adolescents attending an outpatient department at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital.Methods: A total of 50 adolescents participated in a convenience sampling research study. BMIs were calculated using their weights and heights to distinguish different weight categories based on the 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts. Based on their BMIs, participants were categorised as underweight, normal body weight, overweight and obese. The association between the BMIs of the biological parents and their adolescent children was investigated using the Fisher’s exact test. The data collection included adolescents’ demographic information, psychiatric diagnosis, psychiatric medication, nutritional intake, eating habits and the intensity of physical activity such as sports, leisure and sedentary behaviour.Setting: The study was conducted at Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital’s adolescents outpatient department.Results: Of the participants, 72% were males. Forty-eight per cent of all the adolescents had a normal BMI, mostly of black African descent. When comparing the adolescents’ BMI with that of their biological mothers, 50% of those who were obese also had mothers who were mostly obese (53.8%). The Fisher’s exact test indicated a statistically significant association between the BMI categories of mothers and those of their adolescent children (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.032). Despite the above association, no significant association could be found regarding their nutritional intake and eating habits. Also, no significant association was found between the adolescents’ BMIs and the use of psychotropic medication, as compared with other previous studies. Furthermore, no association could be found between adolescents’ BMI categories and the level of intensity of physical activity such as sports and leisure activities or sedentary behaviours.Conclusion: This study supports previous findings that a significant association exists between maternal and childhood obesity. The association between BMI and psychotropic medication, nutritional intake and eating habits, and level of physical activity could not be confirmed in our study. The study results were limited by the small sample size and the convenience sampling method. Although this was only a descriptive study, it highlighted the complexity of biological and psychosocial factors involved in weight gain. Further studies are needed to explore the interplay of physical and environmental risk factors for childhood obesity, as well as to ensure early identification and education of patients and their families to prevent development of obesity.
Is rule of halves still an occurrence in South India
Authors: Kar SS , Kalaiselvi S , Archana R , Saya GK , Premarajan KC 
Published: August 2017

Background:
The objective of the present study was to assess the applicability of the rule of halves in an urban population of Puducherry, South India. We also aimed to find the correlates associated with undiagnosed hypertension to facilitate targeted screening.

Methodology:
We derive our observation from a community-based cross-sectional study conducted using the World Health Organization STEPwise approach to surveillance in urban slum of Puducherry during 2014–15. Blood pressure (BP) was measured for all the study subjects (n = 2399), and the subjects were classified as hypertensive using Joint National Committee 8 criteria, systolic BP (SBP) ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP (DBP) ≥90 mmHg and/or known hypertensives and/or treatment with antihypertensive drugs. Controlled hypertension was defined as SBP <140 mmHg and DBP <90 mmHg.

Results:
Of 2399, 799 (33.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 31.4%–35.2%) adults were found to have raised BP by any means (known and unknown hypertensives). Of the 799, 367 (15.3%; 95%CI: 13.9%–16.8%) of study participants were known hypertensives. Of the known hypertensives, 74.7% (274/367) were put on treatment (drugs and or lifestyle modification), and 80% (218/274) were on regular treatment. Higher proportions of men were found to have undiagnosed hypertension compared to women (26.1 vs. 19.8%, P < 0.001). Similarly, adult from below poverty line (23.8 vs. 20%, P < 0.001), unskilled laborer (26.6 vs. 20%, P < 0.001), and literacy less than middle school (12.3 vs. 23%, P < 0.001) had more undiagnosed hypertension.

Conclusion:
In the selected urban area of Puducherry around one-third of the adult populations are having hypertension, including the 54% of undiagnosed hypertension. Adults from the vulnerable subgroups such as lower level of literacy, below poverty line, and unskilled work are found to have higher proportions of undiagnosed hypertension.
PYHCOP CATI JIJÕ PJII - TERRITÓRIO GAVIÃO DO MARANHÃO
Authors: Dias Luciana de Oliveira - Juhen/Ca , Guileto Diana Sansão - Jar , Guará Edimara Bandeira - Ajcrun , Gavião Edivaldo Moreira - Toxwa , Gavião João Grossar Cardoso - Xyj Cr , Cardoso Joaquim - Eh’caryy , Costa Katiúscia Brito Teixeira da -Cu’tete/Te , Gavião Leonice Cardoso - Wacõo , Gavião Mara Lúcia Bandeira Martins -Amxyh , Gavião Marcélia Guará - Haprex , Timbira Maria Barros - Hyn’Crii , Gavião Raquel Bandeira - Pynhyc , Gavião Suely Bandeira – Recwyj 
Published: August 2017

RESUMOEste artigo apresenta questões relacionadas ao Território Gavião,especificamente aquelas atinentes ao Povo Pyhcop Cati Ji, ou Povo Gavião. Esta marcação primeira é importante por consideramos que no Território Gavião não vive somente o Povo Gavião. Inicialmente nosso esforço foi apresentar o Território Gavião, que fora batizado de ‘Terra Indígena Governador’. Para tanto descrevemos a população, a fauna e a flora do território, além de discutirmos processos de demarcação e re-demarcação. O objetivo foi textualizar para ampliar o conhecimento sobre algumas concepções e apropriações do território que são feitas pelos próprios Pyhcop Cati Ji. Como toda escrita produzida a partir de muitas mãos, cabeças e corações, esta também tenta traduzir impressões, sensações, experiências e saberes diversos que se complementam na realização do texto embora não o finalizem. Finalmente, ressaltamos que houve um enfoque em movimentos de demarcação e re-demarcação do território, o que nos direciona para um fechamento politizado da questão.Palavras chave: Gavião. Conhecimento
INVESTIGAÇÕES A RESPEITO DA SITUAÇÃO DE COMUNICAÇÃO DOS AKWẼ-XERENTE SURDOS
Authors: Barretos Euder Arrais 
Published: August 2017

RESUMOEste artigo objetiva socializar alguns resultados a respeito da investigação sobre a situação de comunicação em que se encontram os Akwẽ-Xerente Surdos. Em relação à metodologia de pesquisa foram consideradas as abordagens qualitativa (DENZIN, LINCOLN, 2006; LÜDKE, ANDRÉ, 1986) e quantitativa: a pesquisa bibliográfica, de levantamento e o estudo de campo. Os fundamentos teóricos que embasaram a pesquisa foram, entre outros, as concepções de surdez em Skliar (2005), as noções de enunciado baseadas em Bateson (2002), Martin-Barbero (1991), Bakhtin (1997) e Freire (1987). Quanto à análise sociolinguística dos Akwẽ-Xerente, foram considerados os dados gerados pelos estudos feitos por Lopes e Farias (1992), Guimarães (2002), Schroeder (2010), Cotrim (2011), Mesquita (2015) e por minha pesquisa de campo. Esta pesquisa registrou a presença de treze Surdos entre 07 e 62 anos de idade residindo em 10 aldeias desse povo e evidenciou as formas de comunicação entre Surdo-Surdo e Surdoouvinte, além do acesso dos Surdos às práticas culturais de seu povo.Palavras-chave: Akwẽ-Xerente. Comunicação. Surdos.
VELOCIDADE DE CARBOXILAÇÃO DA RUBISCO E TRANSPORTE DE ELÉTRONS EM ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS EM RESPOSTA A FATORES DO AMBIENTE NA AMAZÔNIA CENTRAL
Authors: Mendes Keila Rêgo , Marenco Ricardo Antonio , Nascimento Helena Cristina Santos 
Published: August 2017

A disponibilidade de luz é um dos fatores que mais limita a fotossíntese de árvores juvenis no sub-bosque da floresta. Os objetivos deste estudo foram determinar como os parâmetros fotossintéticos (velocidade máxima de carboxilação da Rubisco – Vc-max e as taxas máximas de transporte de elétrons – Jmax) respondem à irradiância, temperatura e horário do dia no interior da floresta. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de setembro a novembro de 2010, entre 08h00 e 16h00, em condições ambientais de temperatura (27 ± 2ºC) e umidade relativa do ar (70 ± 3%). Fotossíntese saturada por CO2 (Apot) foi mensurada em luz saturante e [CO2] de 2000 μmol mol-1.Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, o teste de Tukey foi utilizado para separação de médias. Vc-max e Jmax correlacionaram com a fotossintese em [CO2] de 380 μmol mol-1 (A380) e Apot. O aumento de Ci causou o aumento da fotossíntese, até o ponto da limitação da fotossíntese por Jmax. Abaixo do ponto de colimitação (300 a 569 μmol mol-1), as taxas fotossintéticas foram limitadas por Vc-max. Aumentos da irradiância e temperatura no sub-bosque aumentaram os valores de A380, Apot, Vc-max e Jmax. Entretanto, não houve efeito significativo (p > 0,05) do horário do dia em Vc-max e Jmax. Ausência de efeito do horário do dia é importante para a folha poder utilizar com alta eficiência os feixes de luz direta que ocasionalmente atingem o sub-bosque da floresta
R&D Spending & Success: Key Trends, Issues & Solutions
Authors: Rao Sanjay Kumar 
Published: August 2017

Debates about rising bio/pharmaceutical prices are often predicated on the presumption that higher product prices are necessary for continuing funding of innovation. Recent trends only partially bear this out. While total spending on bio/pharmaceutical R&D has largely remained constant, costs for clinical trials have consumed a rising proportion of R&D budgets. More spending on clinical trials, however, has not yielded higher trial success rates. Prior to product launch, clinical trials take up most of the financial resources attributed to a product in development, costing on average $75-$100M. While completing a full cycle of pre-clinical and clinical trials can take an average of 7.5 years, the probability of successful filing for marketing a drug after clinical trial testing has never exceeded 13-20%, despite advances in trial design and testing processes.This article discusses key trends in R&D spending and productivity. It then lays out issues that prevent clinical trials from achieving higher success, and presents operational and strategic solutions that can be implemented to improve the effectiveness of increases in R&D spending.
A Biotechnology Dilemma: Patent Your Inventions (if you can) or Keep Them Secret
Authors: Smith Craig Robert 
Published: August 2017

Biotechnology companies rely on patents to protect their most valuable inventions. Patent protection helps support billions of dollars in research and development of life-saving drugs and treatments. Protecting biotechnology inventions has become more difficult in the last few years, however, because legal trends have created uncertainty regarding what subject matter is eligible for patent protection. Specifically, courts have narrowed the scope of what is patentable and have increasingly invalidated patents because they claim abstract ideas or laws of nature. As biotechnology companies wait for more clarity on the scope of patentable subject matter, they face a dilemma of whether to patent their inventions or keep them secret. Keeping inventions secret offers some benefits to companies, but may not be sufficient to protect the significant investment made in research and development. The biotechnology industry will continue to grapple with this dilemma until the courts, the Patent Office or new legislation clarifies the boundaries of what subject matter is patentable.
Actes à poser en contexte interculturel : quelle place pour l’intervention?
Authors: White Bob W. , Gratton Danielle , Agbobli Christian 
Published: August 2017

Nous proposons un cadre théorique qui porte sur l’acte à poser en contexte pluriethnique, et ce, sous toutes ses formes : donner une information ou en obtenir une, donner un soin ou en recevoir un, enseigner ou se faire enseigner. Dans un sens plus large, l’agir s’imagine et se réalise selon le modèle de ses propres traditions ou selon celles de l’autre. Notre cadre invite à concevoir l’acte à poser dans les rencontres interculturelles d’un point de vue épistémologique, en nous forçant à tenir compte de la subtilité des pratiques qui s’inscrivent forcément dans un cadre institutionnel, méthodologique, organisationnel et déontologique. Ce collectif a ainsi pour thème les manifestations empiriques de l’interculturel, avec une attention particulière aux dynamiques d’interaction dans différents contextes d’intervention. On y analyse notamment les conditions de reproduction de la discrimination qui mène à l’exclusion des minorités ethniques et visibles en contexte d’immigration.
L’atelier de situations interculturelles : une méthodologie pour comprendre l’acte à poser en contexte pluriethnique
Authors: White Bob W. , Gratton Danielle 
Published: August 2017

Depuis une dizaine d’années, une série d’évènements donnent l’impression que le Québec cherche à mieux définir son modèle d’intégration basé sur la notion d’interculturalisme. Mais comment définir l’approche interculturelle et comment savoir si elle favorise véritablement l’inclusion des nouveaux arrivants ? Dans le cadre du partenariat de recherche « Vers une ville interculturelle » nous avons organisé une série d’ateliers pratiques afin de faciliter la mise en commun de ce que les différents acteurs du milieu urbain voient comme situations interculturelles problématiques. Les « ateliers de situations interculturelles » ont donné des réponses préliminaires aux trois questions suivantes : 1) Quelles situations problématiques voyons-nous sur le terrain ? 2) Quels outils sont à notre portée pour répondre à ces situations ? 3) Sur quels cadres d’analyse nous appuyons-nous pour orienter nos actions ? Pendant cet atelier, qui a été organisé dans différents milieux professionnels et institutionnels, les participants ont travaillé en équipe afin d’identifier et d’analyser un nombre limité de situations qui proviennent de leurs milieux d’intervention respectifs. Les résultats préliminaires des ateliers démontrent la difficulté de distinguer entre les situations interculturelles et les préoccupations par rapport aux situations, mais aussi la difficulté de la centration sur les normes et les valeurs de la société d’accueil. L’analyse de plusieurs contextes d’intervention fait ressortir les différences individuelles et organisationnelles et démontre, entre autres, que les intervenants sont souvent pris entre les exigences contradictoires du multiculturalisme et de l’interculturalisme.
Intraclutch eggshell colour variation in birds: are females able to identify their eggs individually?
Authors: Poláček Miroslav , Bartíková Michaela , Hoi Herbert 
Published: August 2017

BackgroundOne possibility suggested regarding female post-mating strategies is differential allocation into offspring investment. Female birds produce not only the largest, but also most colourful eggs of all oviparous taxa. Larger eggs provide space for bigger embryos, or more nutrition for their development, but the question why eggs are more colourful and why there is variation in eggshell colouration remains. In this context, the focus of interest has been to explain inter-clutch variation but in many bird species, eggshell colouration also varies within a clutch. Surprisingly, less attention has been paid to this phenomenon. Therefore, we propose the “female egg recognition” hypothesis, suggesting that mothers use colour characteristics to interpret egg attributes and allocate further investment into each egg accordingly. To evaluate the feasibility of the hypothesis, we tested several underlying predictions and examined their suitability using a dataset from our tree sparrow (Passer montanus) study. We predict (i) substantial within-clutch variation in eggshell colouration which, (ii) should be related to laying sequence, (iii) reflect egg quality and, (iv) should stimulate a female response.MethodsEggshell coloration data were obtained via digital photography under standardized conditions, taken after clutch completion. Lightness (L*), representing the achromatic properties of an egg has been chosen as the most important predictor in dark cavities and was related to egg quality and position in the nest.ResultsIn our tree sparrows, first and mainly last eggs were less pigmented, providing information about laying order. Egg volume, which predicts chick quality, positively correlates with eggshell coloration. Finally, we could show that female tree sparrows placed darker, but not bigger, eggs into more central incubation positions.DiscussionAll basic prerequisites for the “female egg recognition” hypothesis are fulfilled. In this context practicability and feasibility of the hypothesis and alternative explanations are discussed. However future work is necessary to determine a direct effect on offspring condition.
NCN‐Coordinating Ligands based on Pyrene Structure with Potential Application in Organic Electronics
Authors: Zych Dawid , Kurpanik Aneta , Slodek Aneta , Maroń Anna , Pająk Michał , Szafraniec‐Gorol Grażyna , Matussek Marek , Krompiec Stanisław , Schab‐Balcerzak Ewa , Kotowicz Sonia , Siwy Mariola , Smolarek Karolina , Maćkowski Sebastian , Danikiewicz Witold 
Published: August 2017

AbstractFive novel derivatives of pyrene, substituted at positions 1,3,6,8 with 4‐(2,2‐dimethylpropyloxy)pyridine (P1), 4‐decyloxypyridine (P2), 4‐pentylpyridine (P3), 1‐decyl‐1,2,3‐triazole (P4), and 1‐benzyl‐1,2,3‐triazole (P5), are obtained through a Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction or CuI‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition reaction, respectively, and characterized thoroughly. TGA measurements reveal the high thermal stability of the compounds. Pyrene derivatives P1–P5 all show photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (Φ) of approximately 75 % in solution. Solid‐state photo‐ and electroluminescence characteristics of selected compounds as organic light‐emitting diodes are tested. In the guest–host configuration, two matrixes, that is, poly(N‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and a binary matrix consisting of PVK and 2‐tert‐butylphenyl‐5‐biphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD) (50:50 wt %), are applied. The diodes show red, green, or blue electroluminescence, depending on both the compound chemical structure and the actual device architecture. In addition, theoretical studies (DFT and TD‐DFT) provide a deeper understanding of the experimental results.
Alkyl Triarylstannanecarbodithioates: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Efficiency in RAFT Polymerization
Authors: Kulai Ihor , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Voitenko Zoia , Mazières Stéphane , Destarac Mathias 
Published: August 2017

AbstractEight alkyl triarylstannanecarbodithioates were synthesized starting from the corresponding triarylstannyl chlorides. They were fully characterized by IR and 1H, 13C, and 119Sn NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Their solid‐state structures and geometric parameters were determined and compared to those of other classes of thiocarbonylthio compounds. These new organotin derivatives are efficient reversible chain‐transfer agents for reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of styrene (St) and n‐butyl acrylate (BA), with controlled number‐average molecular weights and narrow dispersities (Ð<1.3). In some cases, loss of control of the polymerization was evidenced and supported by the observation of side products by 119Sn NMR spectroscopy. This phenomenon was attributed to the thermal instability of the Sn‐RAFT terminal group.
Integrated Human Factors Views in the Unified Architecture Framework
Authors: Hause Matthew , Wilson Matthew 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHuman beings are integral to today's complex systems of systems. Human behaviour, interactions, abilities, complexity, and limitations will have a dramatic effect on the successful realization of system capabilities. Therefore the human factors considerations need to be evaluated in conjunction with the overall systems engineering. Systems engineers need to address them upfront and throughout the system life cycle resulting in effective Human Systems Integration (HSI). Systems engineers are increasingly using Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) techniques to define systems requirements, behaviour, structure, interactions, etc. Typical architecture notations are the Systems Modeling Language (SysML) for modelling systems and the Unified Modeling Language (UML) Profile for DoDAF and MODAF (UPDM). The metamodels defining these notations contain implicit, but not explicit elements for defining how the human fits into the architecture. The Unified Architecture Framework (UAF) has standardized a set of Human Views (called Personnel Views in UAF) into its system of systems framework, allowing the Human aspects to be considered in conjunctions with the rest of the architecture. The UAF Personnel views will not be standalone, but like SysML will allow users to interface with specialty to analyse human aspects in both quantitative and qualitative ways. It is only by taking this integrated approach that systems can be fit for purpose by including the human impact and contribution to overall system performance. This paper will describe these views and how they fit into the overall architecture as well as how they can interact with a spectrum of human factors and architecture tools.