bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oviposition responses of Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni) to mineral oil deposits on tomato fruit
Authors: Nguyen V. L. , Beattie G. A. C. , Meats A. W. , Holford P. , Spooner‐Hart R. N. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBehavioural responses of wild and laboratory‐culture females of Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (Diptera: Tephritidae), to mineral oil deposits on tomato fruit dipped in aqueous oil emulsions were assessed in a no‐choice test and three choice tests. The oils were two commercial products used to manage plant pests and diseases, Ampol D‐C‐Tron NR and SK EnSpray 99, one distillation fraction of the base oil of the former, and four distillation fractions of the base oil of the latter. The initial and final boiling points of the fractions were equivalent to those of n‐alkanes with chain lengths of C20–22 (Ampol), and C21–C23, C22–23.5, C22–24, and C22–24.5 (SK). For both fly types in the no‐choice test, numbers of punctures and eggs per fruit declined strongly as concentrations of the nC20–22 Ampol fraction in emulsions rose from 0.25 to 2% (vol/vol). Fly type affected the extent of responses but there was no significant interaction for fly type*oil concentration. Responses of laboratory‐culture females in the choice tests also declined as concentrations of SK and the four fractions of its base oil in emulsions rose from 0 to 0.25%. The SK nC22–24 and nC22–24.5 fractions had least impact. Responses of laboratory‐culture flies to 0.5% emulsions of the nC20–22 Ampol fraction and the nC21–23 SK fraction in choice tests were not significantly different. Likewise, responses of laboratory‐culture flies to 0.5% emulsions of the two commercial products were not significantly different. Emulsifier type did not affect numbers of punctures or eggs per fruit in choice responses of laboratory‐culture flies to 0.5% emulsions of the Ampol nC20–22 fraction or 0.5% emulsions of the SK nC21–23 fraction. If the equivalence of no‐choice and choice responses in the laboratory were to hold in the field, then unsprayed ‘sacrificial’ plants would not be necessary and oil emulsions could be used as cover sprays.
Real‐world efficacy and safety of ombitasvir, paritaprevir/r+dasabuvir+ribavirin in genotype 1b patients with hepatitis C virus cirrhosis
Authors: Preda Carmen M. , Popescu Corneliu P. , Baicus Cristian , Voiosu Theodor A. , Manuc Mircea , Pop Corina Silvia , Gheorghe Liana , Sporea Ioan , Trifan Anca , Tantau Marcel , Tantau Alina , Ceausu Emanoil , Proca Doina , Constantinescu Ileana , Ruta Simona M. , Diculescu Mircea M. , Oproiu Alexandru 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundDirect antiviral agents (DAA) showed very good results in terms of efficacy and safety in clinical trials, but real‐life data are still needed in order to confirm this profile.Material and methodsIn Romania, through a nationwide government‐funded programme in 2015‐2016, approx.5800 patients with virus C cirrhosis received fully reimbursed DAA therapy with OBV/PTV/r+DSV+RBV for 12 weeks. We analysed a national prospective cohort enrolling the first 2070 patients, all with genotype 1b. The only key inclusion criteria was advanced fibrosis (Metavir stage F4) confirmed by Fibromax testing (or liver biopsy/Fibroscan). Efficacy was assessed by the percentage of patients achieving SVR 12 weeks post‐treatment (SVR12).ResultsForty patients stopped the treatment because of hepatic decompensation (1.9%), 21 stopped because of other adverse events and one was lost to follow‐up. This cohort was 51% females, mean age 60 years (25÷82), 67% pretreated, 70% associated NASH, 67% with severe necro‐inflammation (severity score 3‐Fibromax), 37% with comorbidities, 10.4% with Child Pugh A6, 0.5% B7. The median MELD score was 8.09 (6 ÷ 22). SVR by intention‐to‐treat was reported in 1999/2070(96.6%), 55/2070 failed to respond. Liver decompensation was statistically associated in multivariate analysis with platelets< 105/mm3(P = .03), increased total bilirubin (P < .001), prolonged INR (P = .02), and albumin<3.5 g/dL (P = .03).ConclusionsOBV/PTV/r+DSV+RBV proved to be highly efficient in our population of cirrhotics with a 96.6% SVR. Serious adverse events related to therapy were reported in 61/2070(2.9%), most of them liver decompensation (1.9%), related to hepatic dysfunction, and lower platelet count.
Late Pleistocene and Holocene chamois in Italy
Authors: Masseti Marco , Salari Leonardo 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Two species of chamois currently live in Italy: Rupicapra rupicapra, with the subspecies Rupicapra rupicapra rupicapra, the Alpine chamois, and Rupicapra pyrenaica, with the subspecies Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata, the Apennine chamois.

Late Pleistocene and Holocene remains of chamois are numerous, but those attributable with reasonable certainty at the species or subspecies level are few and are mostly poorly dated.

The recent finding of a sub‐complete partially articulated skeleton of chamois attributed to Rupicapra pyrenaica ornata, from Late Pleistocene sediments of Grotta Mora Cavorso (Simbruini Mountains, central Italy), provides new data and insights on the taxonomy and distribution of the genus Rupicapra in the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of Italy. Indeed, so far this subspecies was known with certainty only from Holocene and, possibly, in Lateglacial deposits.

From the current state of knowledge, it seems that the populations of southern chamois (Iberian and Apennine chamois), which had been living in Western Europe since the Middle Pleistocene, were separated by a dispersal wave of northern chamois (Alpine chamois) at least as far back as the latest Middle Pleistocene, earlier than previously thought.

The hypothesis of the anthropochorous origin of the extant chamois population of Abruzzo appears no longer to be convincing: the Iberian chamois allegedly imported from Spain to southern Italy during the 18th and 19th Centuries do not appear to have contributed to the genetic heritage of the extant Apennine chamois.
Complementarity, Linkages between Firms, and the Effect of Entry Costs on Productivity
Authors: del Rio Fernando , Sampayo Antonio 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIn a general equilibrium model where firms are heterogeneous in terms of productivity, we introduce differentiated goods in production that are not perfect substitutes, as well as intermediate inputs needed to produce those goods. We show that an increase in either the complementarity of differentiated goods or the share of intermediate inputs in gross output, significantly increases the negative effect of entry costs on total factor productivity (TFP) and output per worker. We also find that the effect of complementarity is quantitatively stronger. If we assume an empirically plausible value for the elasticity of substitution between differentiated goods, then the model considerably improves its ability to reproduce the observed negative relationship between entry costs and TFP or output per worker.
Multi‐Scale Meta‐Governance Strategies for Addressing Social Inequality in Resource Dependent Regions
Authors: Wilson Ceit E. , Morrison Tiffany H. , Everingham Jo‐Anne 
Published: August 2017

AbstractSocial inequality in resource‐dependent regions is a growing problem. Increasingly both state and private actors are acting as meta‐governors to address the issue. In this article, we focus on housing inequality as ‘the canary in the coalmine’ for broader social inequality. While affordable housing has been the subject of growing attention in urban scholarship, relatively few studies have considered the governance of affordable housing in rural regions. We report on a case analysis of affordable housing governance in the Gladstone‐Surat Region, a traditional agricultural area of Australia that has experienced a dramatic increase in housing inequality due to significant coal seam gas development in recent years. We show that networked arrangements for affordable housing delivery were the product of strategic policy structuring, resourcing, and hands‐off framing by the state government. Private meta‐governance was exercised only in relation to process management forms of meta‐governance, with private companies facilitating local ‘arenas’ for stakeholder discussion and connecting stakeholders in a synergistic manner. The dynamics of the case‐study examined demonstrate that meta‐governance in rural regions is not just about coordinating and mobilising horizontal (e.g., regional) cooperation, but about coalescing action within multiscale ‘exogenous’ networks and structures. These findings have important implications for future efforts to address social inequality in rural areas.
Critical interpretive synthesis of barriers and facilitators to TB treatment in immigrant populations
Authors: Lin S. , Melendez‐Torres G. J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review studies of TB treatment experiences in immigrant populations, using Critical Interpretive Synthesis (CIS).MethodsOn 26 October 2014, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, and PsycINFO were systematically searched. Grey literature and reference lists were hand‐searched. Initial papers included were restricted to studies of immigrant patient perspectives; after a model was developed, a second set of papers was included to test the emerging theory.ResultsOf 1761 studies identified in the search, a total of 29 were included in the synthesis. Using those studies, we developed a model that suggested treatment experiences were strongly related to the way both individuals and societies adjusted to immigration (‘acculturation strategies’). Relationships with healthcare workers and immigration policies played particularly significant roles in TB treatment.ConclusionsThis review emphasised the roles of repatriation policy and healthcare workers in forming experiences of TB treatment in immigrant populations.
Analysis of the Effect of Multi-Row and Multi-Passage Aerodynamic Interaction on the Forced Response Variation in a Compressor Configuration: Part 2 — Effects of Additional Structural Mistuning
Authors: Gross Johann , Krack Malte , Schoenenborn Harald 
Published: August 2017

The prediction of aerodynamic blade forcing is a very important topic in turbomachinery design. Usually, the wake from the upstream blade row and the potential field from the downstream blade row are considered as the main causes for excitation, which in conjunction with relative rotation of neighboring blade rows, give rise to dynamic forcing of the blades. In addition to those two mechanisms so-called Tyler-Sofrin (or scattered or spinning) modes, which refer to the acoustic interaction with blade rows further up- or downstream, may have a significant impact on blade forcing. In particular, they lead to considerable blade-to-blade variations of the aerodynamic loading. In part 1 of the paper a study of these effects is performed on the basis of a quasi 3D multi-row and multi-passage compressor configuration.
Part 2 of the paper proposes a method to analyze the interaction of the aerodynamic forcing asymmetries with the already well-studied effects of random mistuning stemming from blade-to-blade variations of structural properties. Based on a finite element model of a sector, the equations governing the dynamic behavior of the entire bladed disk can be efficiently derived using substructuring techniques. The disk substructure is assumed as cyclically symmetric, while the blades exhibit structural mistuning and linear aeroelastic coupling. In order to avoid the costly multi-stage analysis, the variation of the aerodynamic loading is treated as an epistemic uncertainty, leading to a stochastic description of the annular force pattern. The effects of structural mistuning and stochastic aerodynamic forcing are first studied separately and then in a combined manner for a blisk of a research compressor without and with aeroelastic coupling.
Centrifugal Pump Performance Enhancement by Blade Shape Modification
Authors: Hassan A. Farid Ayad , Abdalla H. M. , Aly A. Abou El-Azm 
Published: August 2017

The effect of impeller blades shape modification on the centrifugal pump performance has been investigated numerically. Impeller blades’ shape have been modified by new technique called “bladelet”. This technique has been called the “bladelet” after the name of the aeroplane winglet because of the great similarity between them in shape and function. The shapes of the blade trailing edge greatly affect the performance of the turbomachines. So, the purpose of the blade tilting (bladelet) is to decrease the recirculating flow at the pump trailing edge due to the high pressure difference and enhance the hydraulic performance of the centrifugal pump.
The bladelet technique has two main geometrical parameters: radial position RBL and bladelet inclination angle θBL. 3-D validated numerical simulation model has been carried out using commercial software, ANSYS® CFX, to study the effect of the bladelet technique and its different parameters on the pump performance at different flow rates.
In this study nine cases with different bladelet parameters have been numerically simulated in order to check its effect on the centrifugal pump performance. These nine cases have been chosen by considering the geometrical constrain of the bladelet parameters. The results of these nine cases have been compared with the basic impeller (the same impeller but without bladelet) at the same operating condition in order to discuss the effect of the bladelet parameters variation on the centrifugal pump performance.
It was found that the use of the bladelet technique decrease the pressure difference between the pressure and the suction side at the blade trailing edge. This decrease in pressure difference at the blade trailing edge decreases the flow recirculation at the impeller outlet from pressure side to suction side. Also, bladelet technique improves the hydraulic efficiency at the part-load operating zone. In addition, the bladelet has a regression effect on the pump head for some cases with high inclination angle and low radial position. However, the bladelet technique increases the impeller blades’ overlap.
Gas Turbine Fouling Offshore: Correction Methodology Compressor Efficiency
Authors: Madsen Stian , Bakken Lars E. 
Published: August 2017

Gas turbine performance has been analyzed for a fleet of GE LM2500 engines at two Statoil offshore fields in the North Sea. Both generator drive engines and compressor driver engines have been analyzed, covering both the LM2500 base and plus configurations, as well as the SAC and DLE combustor configurations. Several of the compressor drive engines are running at peak load (T5.4 control), and the production rate is thus limited to the available power from these engines. The majority of the engines discussed run continuously without redundancy, implying that gas turbine uptime is critical for the field’s production and economy.
Previous studies and operational experience have emphasized that the two key factors to minimize compressor fouling are the optimum designs of the inlet air filtration system and the water wash system. An optimized inlet air filtration system, in combination with daily online water wash (at high water-to-air ratio), are the key factors to achieve successful operation at longer intervals between offline washes and higher average engine performance. Operational experience has documented that the main gas turbine recoverable deterioration is linked to the compressor section.
The main performance parameter when monitoring compressor fouling is the gas turbine compressor efficiency. Previous studies have indicated that inlet depression (air mass flow at compressor inlet) is a better parameter when monitoring compressor fouling, whereas instrumentation for inlet depression is very seldom implemented on offshore gas turbine applications. The main challenge when analyzing compressor efficiency (uncorrected) is the large variation in efficiency during the periods between offline washes, mainly due to operation at various engine loads and ambient conditions.
Understanding the gas turbine performance deterioration is of vital importance. Trending of the deviation from the engine baseline facilitates load-independent monitoring of the gas turbine’s condition. Instrument resolution and repeatability are key factors for attaining reliable results in the performance analysis. A correction methodology for compressor efficiency has been developed, which improves the long term trend data for effective diagnostics of compressor degradation. Avenues for further research and development are proposed in order to further increase the understanding of the deterioration mechanisms, as well as gas turbine performance and response.
Development of a 350kW Marine Organic Rankine Power Module for Ship Waste Steam
Authors: Sellers Chris , Hawkins Larry 
Published: August 2017

Growing world trade, stiffening emissions requirements, and rising fuel prices are driving the marine industry to improve fuel utilization in large vessels. Exhaust steam boilers are a popular means of capturing energy from ship engine exhaust. The steam is used in various systems around the ship from laundry services to the fresh water generator. However, in most cases the supply outstrips the demand, and energy from un-used steam is dumped into the ocean.
Calnetix Technologies is developing a marine based Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) designed to produce 350 kW gross power from un-used ship steam. The ORC will operate with sat urated steam at 8 Bar G and 175 °C and cooling sea water at 25 °C. The additional power will be used to offset the fuel demand from onboard diesel generators. This results in a significant fuel savings as well as lowered emissions.
The ORC is comprised of a closed loop system with R245fa refrigerant as the working fluid. A pump is used to move the working fluid around the loop and increase its pressure into the evaporator. The high pressure refrigerant is vaporized using heat from the ship’s steam. The refrigerant then passes through a radial turbine where work is extracted and converted into electricity. Low pressure refrigerant is cooled and condensed by sea water, and then pumped back around the loop.
This paper will focus on the design of the ORC’s integrated power module which is comprised of a high speed radial turbine, variable speed motor/generator, active magnetic bearings, and backup bearings. A high frequency, bidirectional inverter is used to operate the radial turbine at high speed (25,000 RPM.) This allows the turbine to reach an isentropic efficiency of 0.88. The PM bias active magnetic bearing system allows the turbine/rotor combination to operate without the need for lubricating oil and with minimal friction. This reduces the required maintenance and drastically improves the life span of the unit compared to using conventional bearings.
An over-hung turbine design was chosen due to the high operating temperatures of the cycle. Cooling of the stator will be accomplished using a cooling water jacket. Cooling of the rotor will be accomplished by a cooled gas stream generated from a throttling process of the IPM inlet fluid and heat rejection via a heat exchanger.
Various analyses will be presented including calculation of the turbine isentropic efficiency, rotor/stator thermal analysis, component stress analysis, and linear system dynamics for the rotor and magnetic bearing system.
Prediction of Structural Supports Influence on Rotating Machinery Dynamics
Authors: Moroz Leonid , Romanenko Leonid , Kochurov Roman , Kashtanov Evgen 
Published: August 2017

Rotor lifetime and safety primarily depend on the level of rotor vibration. In order to avoid unwanted consequences for the plant due to rotor damage and to meet the highest requirements of design reliability, accurate rotor dynamic predictions are mandatory. Having the correct rotor model is a critical issue in dynamics prediction. Often research activities are focused only on the rotor-bearing system analysis. However, generally, the whole system, which includes the rotor, bearings, casing and structural supports should be considered. Special attention should be paid to the influence of structural supports which reveals when the rotor is supported by ball bearings because of low damping and high bearing stiffness.
The approach presented in this paper allows us to simulate the influence of structural supports on rotor dynamics response and as a result, the full picture of rotor-bearing-support system resonances can be analyzed to avoid potential problems. The methodology is based on support vibrations modal reduction technics. According to the approach, the natural frequencies and their mode shapes should be calculated for the separate support structure applying a three-dimensional finite element model and the relative displacements at bearing location points are measured. Supports’ normalized modal characteristics (modal mass and modal stiffness) for each vibration mode should then be imported in a rotor dynamics algorithm for rotor unbalance response analysis.
The approach allows for simulation of different types of support structures such as bearing pedestals, steel foundations, tabletop-type foundation, frame and pipe supports of arbitrary geometry, and so on. Validation based on the Jeffcott rotor model is presented. The current methodology has been applied to a single-stage compressor’s rotor-bearing-support system which was manufactured and commissioned. The results of the simulations are discussed.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of a Circumferential Groove Casing Treatment in a Low Speed Axial Research Compressor at Different Tip Clearances
Authors: Rolfes Matthias , Lange Martin , Vogeler Konrad , Mailach Ronald 
Published: August 2017

The demand of increasing pressure ratios for modern high pressure compressors leads to decreasing blade heights in the last stages. As tip clearances cannot be reduced to any amount and minimum values might be necessary for safety reasons, the tip clearance ratios of the last stages can reach values notably higher than current norms. This can be intensified by a compressor running in transient operations where thermal differences can lead to further growing clearances. For decades, the detrimental effects of large clearances on an axial compressor’s operating range and efficiency are known and investigated. The ability of circumferential casing grooves in the rotor casing to improve the compressor’s operating range has also been in the focus of research for many years. Their simplicity and ease of installation are one reason for their continuing popularity nowadays, where advanced methods to increase the operating range of an axial compressor are known.
In a previous paper [1], three different circumferential groove casing treatments were investigated in a single stage environment in the Low Speed Axial Research Compressor at TU Dresden. One of these grooves was able to notably improve the operating range and the efficiency of the single stage compressor at very large rotor tip clearances (5% of chord length). In this paper, the results of tests with this particular groove type in a three stage environment in the Low Speed Axial Research Compressor are presented. Two different rotor tip clearance sizes of 1.2% and 5% of tip chord length were investigated. At the small tip clearance, the grooves are almost neutral. Only small reductions in total pressure ratio and efficiency compared to the solid wall can be observed. If the compressor runs with large tip clearances it notably benefits from the casing grooves. Both, total pressure and efficiency can be improved by the grooves in a similar extent as in single stage tests. Five-hole probe measurements and unsteady wall pressure measurements show the influence of the groove on the flow field. With the help of numerical investigations the different behavior of the grooves at the two tip clearance sizes will be discussed.