bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Framing Work in Metacompetition
Authors: Barnett William P. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractExisting research studies competition among organizations, but normally takes as a given the formal and informal “rules of the game” governing competitions. Yet, these “rules” are often determined through a prior, higher‐level competition over the game to be played. Such “metacompetitions” determine who can compete, what kinds of competitive moves can be made, what criteria will be used to evaluate competitors, and what will be the payoffs to competitions. By prevailing in metacompetitions, organizations gain the advantage of competing in a game for which they are well suited, and the disadvantage of rivals who find themselves playing the wrong game. This essay notes that organizations engage in framing work to influence the outcome of metacompetitions, and argues that this behavior shapes the distribution of strategies that we observe among organizations in competition.
The Politics of Secularism in the
U
nited
S
tates
Authors: Campbell David E. , Layman Geoffrey C. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Secularism is on the rise within the United States. Religious nonaffiliation has increased dramatically, while other measures of religiosity—worship attendance, belief in God, belief in scripture—are waning. This essay considers the political implications of this secular turn, in light of the historically high rates of religiosity within the United States. In doing so, we distinguish between passive and active secularism and describe measures of each. Passive secularism refers to not being religious—not identifying with a religion, not attending religious services, and not believing in God. Active secularism is the affirmative adoption of a secular worldview and identity. With this distinction, we can trace Americans' growing political polarization along religious–secular lines. One form of passive secularism—religious nonaffiliation—is often triggered by a backlash to the Religious Right. More generally, both passively and actively secular voters are moving to the political left. Furthermore, while smaller in number than passive secularists, active secularists are highly engaged in politics, comprising a sizeable share of the Democratic Party's activist base.
Adolescent Romantic Relationships in the Digital Age
Authors: Goldberg Rachel E. , Tienda Marta 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
This essay summarizes key substantive findings about adolescent romantic relationships, identifying methodological and measurement innovations that have broadened understanding of their precursors and consequences. Research to date has been limited by narrow definitions of what constitutes a relationship; a focus on specific behaviors (e.g., sexual activity) to the neglect of relational dynamics; and insufficient measurement precision to portray fluctuations in the character of involvement and partnership quality. The final section discusses the implications of mobile technologies for administering intensive longitudinal surveys that are better suited to study the dynamics and consequences of teen romance in the digital age.
Cultural Consumption
Authors: Rössel Jörg , Schenk Patrick , Weingartner Sebastian 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Research on cultural consumption is a flourishing field across different disciplines within the social sciences. It refers to the consumption of goods and services with primarily aesthetic functions and only secondarily instrumental uses. We present the main theoretical approaches, empirical methods, and results of research on the main dimensions of cultural consumption, the explanation of correlations between these dimensions and social positions, and the impact of cultural consumption on the reproduction of structures of resource inequalities in societies, focusing in particular on Bourdieu's foundational work. Future research should move beyond this approach by developing more precise concepts and more systematic mechanism‐based theoretical explanations. We suggest an approach based on rational choice theory, because we deem it capable of overcoming the severe limitations of practice theories. Furthermore, we propose more rigorous methods for theory development and the establishment of causal claims, such as agent‐based modeling, longitudinal analysis, and experimental methods.
Family Complexity and Kinship
Authors: Thomson Elizabeth 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
Increases in parental cohabitation, separation or divorce, and re‐partnering or remarriage have generated an increase in the complexity of family and kinship ties. As a result, many scholars claim that family and kinship have become voluntary, with rights and obligations to be negotiated in the same way as those between friends and neighbors. This essay briefly reviews the demographic trends that have produced complex families and kin, and their projections into the future. It argues that kinship structures arising from stable nuclear family and kin networks provide a template for the organization of more complex family ties. Although a considerable degree of voluntariness can be found in ties among complex families and kin, rights and obligations remain structured in terms of blood and marriage, and are also strongly influenced by periods of coresidence. Guidelines do exist for relationships in complex families and kinship networks, and they can be used to further institutional arrangements that fit the circumstances of increasingly diverse types of families and kin.
Nitric Oxide in Seed Dormancy and Germination
Authors: Bethke Paul C. , Libourel Igor G.L. , Jones Russell L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areNitric Oxide in Plant Growth and DevelopmentChallenges inNOChemistry and BiologyTools Used inNOResearchRoles ofNOand OtherN‐Containing Compounds in Seed Dormancy and GerminationBiochemical and Molecular Basis ofNOAction in SeedsInteractions betweenNOand Phytochrome orABAEcological Significance ofNOUnresolved Questions and Concluding Remarks
Control of Flowering Time
Authors: van Nocker Steven , Ek‐Ramos Maria Julissa 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionRegulation ofFLCExpression through the ‘Autonomous Pathway’Chromatin‐Related Pleiotropic Regulators ofFLCVernalization‐Associated Repression ofFLCTranscriptional Repression of Flowering byFLCTranscriptional Regulation in the Photoperiodic Induction of FloweringActivation ofSOC1byCOChromatin‐Related Mechanisms of Photoperiod Pathway RegulationTranscriptional Activation ofAP1byFTandFDTranscriptional Mechanisms in the Promotion of Flowering byGAsPcG‐Mediated Repression of Floral Homeotic GenesSummary and ProspectsAcknowledgments
Mitochondrial Metabolism
Authors: Nunes‐Nesi Adriano , Fernie Alisdair R. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionMetabolic Pathways of the MitochondriaMitochondrial Electron TransportCarriersAmino Acid MetabolismBiosynthesis of Vitamins and LipidsRole of Mitochondrial Metabolism in Biological ProcessesConcluding Remarks – Future Prospects for Improved Understanding of the Interaction between Mitochondrial and Extra‐Mitochondrial Metabolism
The Mitochondrion and Plant Programmed Cell Death
Authors: Diamond Mark , McCabe Paul F. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionProgrammed Cell DeathDeath ProgrammesThe Mitochondrion and Mammalian ApoptosisMitochondrial Structural and Physiological Changes duringPCDRoles of Mitochondrial Apoptogenic Proteins in PlantPCDRelease Mechanisms for Mitochondrial FactorsReactive Oxygen SpeciesAlternative OxidaseThe Involvement ofde novoProtein Synthesis in PlantPCDConcluding Remarks
CDKPhosphorylation
Authors: Shimotohno Akie , Umeda Masaaki 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionOverview ofCAKsin Yeasts and VertebratesVertebrate‐TypeCAKin PlantsPlant‐SpecificCAKManipulation ofin vivoCDKActivities byCAKInhibitory Phosphorylation of Yeast and VertebrateCDKsInhibitory Phosphorylation of PlantCDKsConclusion and PerspectivesAcknowledgments
Hydrogen Bonding Directed Colloidal Self‐Assembly of Nanoparticles into 2D Crystals, Capsids, and Supracolloidal Assemblies
Authors: Nonappa  , Ikkala Olli 
Published: November 2017

AbstractSelf‐assembly of colloidal building blocks, like metal nanoparticles, is a rapidly progressing research area toward new functional materials. However, in‐depth control of the colloidal self‐assembly and especially hierarchical self‐assembly is difficult due to challenges in controlling the size dispersities, shape/morphology, directionalities, and aggregation tendencies. Using either polydispersed or narrow‐size dispersed nanoparticles, considerable progress has been achieved over the past few years. However, absolutely monodisperse nanoparticles could allow new options for rational designs of self‐assemblies. Therein, atomically precise monolayer protected nanoclusters (d < 3 nm) have recently been synthesized with well‐defined metal cores and surface ligands. Their dispersion behavior is commonly tuned by surfactant‐like ligands. Beyond that, this study deals with approaches based on ligand‐driven supramolecular interactions and colloidal monodispersity until atomic precision to tune the colloidal self‐assembly and hierarchy from nanoscale to mesoscopic scale. Therein colloidal packing to self‐assembled 2D crystals and closed virus capsid‐inspired shells provide relevant research goals due to ever increasing potential of 2D materials and encapsulation. This study addresses the hydrogen bonding (H‐bonding) directed self‐assembly of atomically precise gold and silver nanoparticles and narrow size dispersed cobalt nanoparticles to free‐standing 2D colloidal nanosheets, nanowire assemblies, capsid‐like colloidal closed shells, as well as higher order structures.
Photoacoustic Imaging of Embryonic Stem Cell‐Derived Cardiomyocytes in Living Hearts with Ultrasensitive Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Qin Xulei , Chen Haodong , Yang Huaxiao , Wu Haodi , Zhao Xin , Wang Huiyuan , Chour Tony , Neofytou Evgenios , Ding Dan , Daldrup‐Link Heike , Heilshorn Sarah C. , Li Kai , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (hESC‐CMs) have become promising tools to repair injured hearts. To achieve optimal outcomes, advanced molecular imaging methods are essential to accurately track these transplanted cells in the heart. In this study, it is demonstrated for the first time that a class of photoacoustic nanoparticles (PANPs) incorporating semiconducting polymers (SPs) as contrast agents can be used in the photoacoustic imaging (PAI) of transplanted hESC‐CMs in living mouse hearts. This is achieved by virtue of two benefits of PANPs. First, strong photoacoustic (PA) signals and specific spectral features of SPs allow PAI to sensitively detect and distinguish a small number of PANP‐labeled cells (2000) from background tissues. Second, the PANPs show a high efficiency for hESC‐CM labeling without adverse effects on cell structure, function, and gene expression. Assisted by ultrasound imaging, the delivery and engraftment of hESC‐CMs in living mouse hearts can be assessed by PANP‐based PAI with high spatial resolution (≈100 µm). In summary, this study explores and validates a novel application of SPs as a PA contrast agent to track labeled cells with high sensitivity and accuracy in vivo, highlighting the advantages of integrating PAI and PANPs to advance cardiac regenerative therapies.
Inorganic/Organic Double‐Network Gels Containing Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kamio Eiji , Yasui Tomoki , Iida Yu , Gong Jian Ping , Matsuyama Hideto 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHighly robust ion gels, termed double‐network (DN) ion gels, composed of inorganic/organic interpenetrating networks and a large amount of ionic liquids (ILs), are fabricated. The DN ion gels with an 80 wt% IL content show extraordinarily high mechanical strength: more than 28 MPa of compressive fracture stress. In the DN ion gel preparation, a brittle inorganic network of physically bonded silica nanoparticles and a ductile organic network of polydimethylacrylamide (PDMAAm) are formed in the IL. Because of the different reaction mechanisms of the inorganic/organic networks, the DN ion gels can be formed by an easy and free‐shapeable one‐pot synthesis. They can be prepared in a controllable manner by manipulating the formation order of the inorganic and organic networks via not only multistep but also single‐step processes. When silica particles form a network prior to the PDMAAm network formation, DN ion gels can be prepared. The brittle silica particle network in the DN ion gel, serving as sacrificial bonds, easily ruptures under loading to dissipate energy, while the ductile PDMAAm network maintains the shape of the material by the rubber elasticity. Given the reversible physical bonding between the silica particles, the DN ion gels exhibit a significant degree of self‐recovery by annealing.
Trust and consumer risk perceptions regarding BSE and chronic wasting disease
Authors: Muringai Violet , Goddard Ellen 
Published: November 2017

AbstractUsing survey data from Canada, the United States, and Japan, we assess the relationship between both generalized trust in people and agent‐specific trust regarding food safety and consumer perceptions about bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and chronic wasting disease (CWD). We find evidence that generalized trust in people is negatively related to consumers’ risk perceptions about BSE and CWD mainly in Canada. Trust measures for specific agents who might affect food safety risk also have mixed effects on consumers’ risk perceptions across the regions surveyed and between the two diseases. Monitoring public’s generalized trust in people and trust in food agents could generally assist in the short‐term estimates of the impact of future animal disease incidents on consumption of meat products. [EconLit citation: D120, Q130, I190].
Excess mortality among 10‐year survivors of classical Hodgkin lymphoma in adolescents and young adults
Authors: Xavier Ana C. , Epperla Narendranath , Taub Jeffrey W. , Costa Luciano J. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractAdolescents and young adults (AYA) surviving classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) risk long term fatal treatment‐related toxicities. We utilized the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program to compare excess mortality rate (EMR‐observed minus expected mortality) for 10‐year survivors of AYA cHL diagnosed in 1973–1992 and 1993–2003 eras. The 15‐year EMR reduced from 4.88% to 2.19% while the 20‐year EMR reduced from 9.46% to 4.07% between eras. Survivors of stages 1–2 had lower EMR than survivors of stages 3–4 cHL in the 1993‐2003 but not in the 1973–1992 era. There was an overall decline in risk of death between 10 and 15 years from diagnosis, driven mostly by second neoplasms and cardiovascular mortality. Despite reduction in fatal second neoplasms and cardiovascular disease with more current therapy, long term survivors of AYA cHL still have a higher risk of death than the general population highlighting the need for safer therapies.
Moderate climate signature in cranial anatomy of late holocene human populations from Southern South America
Authors: Paula Menéndez Lumila 
Published: November 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of this study is to analyze the association between cranial variation and climate in order to discuss their role during the diversification of southern South American populations. Therefore, the specific objectives are: (1) to explore the spatial pattern of cranial variation with regard to the climatic diversity of the region, and (2) to evaluate the differential impact that the climatic factors may have had on the shape and size of the diverse cranial structures studied.Materials and MethodsThe variation in shape and size of 361 crania was studied, registering 62 3D landmarks that capture shape and size variation in the face, cranial vault, and base. Mean, minimum, and maximum annual temperature, as well as mean annual precipitation, but also diet and altitude, were matched for each population sample. A PCA, as well as spatial statistical techniques, including kriging, regression, and multimodel inference were employed.ResultsThe facial skeleton size presents a latitudinal pattern which is partially associated with temperature diversity. Both diet and altitude are the variables that mainly explain the skull shape variation, although mean annual temperature also plays a role. The association between climate factors and cranial variation is low to moderate, mean annual temperature explains almost 40% of the entire skull, facial skeleton and cranial vault shape variation, while annual precipitation and minimum annual temperature only contribute to the morphological variation when considered together with maximum annual temperature. The cranial base is the structure less associated with climate diversity.ConclusionThese results suggest that climate factors may have had a partial impact on the facial and vault shape, and therefore contributed moderately to the diversification of southern South American populations, while diet and altitude might have had a stronger impact. Therefore, cranial variation at the southern cone has been shaped both by random and nonrandom factors. Particularly, the influence of climate on skull shape has probably been the result of directional selection. This study supports that, although cranial vault is the cranial structure more associated to mean annual temperature, the impact of climate signature on morphology decreases when populations from extreme cold environments are excluded from the analysis. Additionally, it shows that the extent of the geographical scales analyzed, as well as differential sampling may lead to different results regarding the role of ecological factors and evolutionary processes on cranial morphology.
Divergent Total Syntheses of (−)‐Daphnilongeranin B and (−)‐Daphenylline
Authors: Chen Xiaoming , Zhang Hai‐Jun , Yang Xinkan , Lv Houqiang , Shao Xiaoru , Tao Cheng , Wang Huifei , Cheng Bin , Li Yun , Guo Jingjing , Zhang Jing , Zhai Hongbin 
Published: November 2017

Abstract(−)‐Daphnilongeranin B and (−)‐daphenylline are two hexacyclic Daphniphyllum alkaloids, each containing a complex cagelike backbone. Described herein are the first asymmetric total synthesis of (−)‐daphnilongeranin B and a bioinspired synthesis of (−)‐daphenylline with an unusual E ring embedded in a cagelike framework. The key features include an intermolecular [3+2] cycloaddition, a late‐stage aldol cyclization to install the F ring of daphnilongeranin B, and a bioinspired cationic rearrangement leading to the tetrasubstituted benzene ring of daphenylline.
Asymmetric Imine Hydroboration Catalyzed by Chiral Diazaphospholenes
Authors: Adams Matt R. , Tien Chieh‐Hung , McDonald Robert , Speed Alexander W. H. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractThe first use of diazaphospholenes as chiral catalysts has been demonstrated with enantioselective imine hydroboration. A chiral diazaphospholene prepared in a simple three‐step synthesis from commercial materials has been shown to achieve the highest enantioselectivity for the hydroboration of alkyl imines with pinacolborane reported to date. Enantiomer ratios of up to 88:12 were obtained with low (2 mol %) catalyst loadings. Twenty examples of asymmetric reduction employing this main‐group catalysis protocol, including the synthesis of the pharmaceuticals ent‐rasagiline and fendiline, are shown.
Highly Crystalline Mesoporous C60 with Ordered Pores: A Class of Nanomaterials for Energy Applications
Authors: Benzigar Mercy R. , Joseph Stalin , Ilbeygi Hamid , Park Dae‐Hwan , Sarkar Sujoy , Chandra Goutam , Umapathy Siva , Srinivasan Sampath , Talapaneni Siddulu Naidu , Vinu Ajayan 
Published: November 2017

AbstractHighly ordered mesoporous C60 with a well‐ordered porous structure and a high crystallinity is prepared through the nanohard templating method using a saturated solution of C60 in 1‐chloronaphthalene (51 mg mL−1) as a C60 precursor and SBA‐15 as a hard template. The high solubility of C60 in 1‐chloronaphthalene helps not only to encapsulate a huge amount of the C60 into the mesopores of the template but also supports the oligomerization of C60 and the formation of crystalline walls made of C60. The obtained mesoporous C60 exhibits a rod‐shaped morphology, a high specific surface area (680 m2 g−1), tuneable pores, and a highly crystalline wall structure. This exciting ordered mesoporous C60 offers high supercapacitive performance and a high selectivity to H2O2 production and methanol tolerance for ORR. This simple strategy could be adopted to make a series of mesoporous fullerenes with different structures and carbon atoms as a new class of energy materials.
A Simply Synthesized, Tough Polyarylene with Transient Mechanochromic Response
Authors: Kempe Fabian , Brügner Oliver , Buchheit Hannah , Momm Sarah N. , Riehle Felix , Hameury Sophie , Walter Michael , Sommer Michael 
Published: November 2017

AbstractA simple and high‐yielding route to tough polyarylenes of the type poly(meta,meta,para‐phenylene) (PmmpP) is developed. PmmpP is tough even in its as‐synthesized state which has an intermediate molar mass of Mw≈60 kg mol−1 and exhibits outstanding mechanical properties at further optimized molecular weight of Mw=96 kg mol−1, E=0.9 GPa, ϵ=300 %. Statistical copolymers with para,para‐spiropyran (SP) are mechanochromic, and the toughness allows mechanochromism to be investigated. Strained samples instantaneously lose color upon force release. DFT calculations show this phenomenon to be caused by the PmmpP matrix that allows build‐up of sufficiently large forces to be transduced to SP, and the relatively unstable corresponding merocyanine (MC) form arising from the aromatic co‐monomer. MC units covalently incorporated into PmmpP show a drastically reduced half life time of 3.1 s compared to 4.5 h obtained for SP derivatives with common 6‐nitro substitution.
Thermally stable low‐density polyethylene/polyhydroxybutyrate pairs: Synergy between organomodified nanoclay and LDPE‐g‐MAH
Authors: Karami Samaneh , Ahmadi Zahed , Nazockdast Hossein , Rabolt John F. , Noda Isao , Chase D. Bruce 
Published: November 2017

ABSTRACTNanocomposites of low‐density polyethylene/polyhydroxybutyrate (LDPE/PHB) containing organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) and/or LDPE grafted maleic anhydride (LDPE‐g‐MAH) were prepared with a wide range of composition ratios using a vertical co‐rotating twin‐screw microCompounder. To infer the effect of OMMT and LDPE‐g‐MAH on the thermal stability of prepared nanocomposites, all samples were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis while changing clay and compatibilizer contents. Accordingly, two commonly used kinetic models (Coats–Redfern and Horowitz–Metzger) were employed to correlate the thermal stability of the samples with kinetic parameters, including activation energy and pre‐exponential factor. Furthermore, morphological features of LDPE/PHB in the presence or absence of OMMT and LDPE‐g‐MAH were studied using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis. It was found that for a specific OMMT composition ratio (1 wt %), the thermal stability is enhanced due to an exfoliated structure. However, for samples containing more organoclay (>=3 wt %), the thermal stability was reduced showing the competition between the barrier effect of organoclay platelets and the catalyzing effect of ammonium salts. Moreover, when using LDPE‐g‐MAH as compatibilizer, it acted as a good coupling agent in all compositions in LDPE major phase systems in contrast to PHB major phase samples. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45922.