bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A case study of a transported bromine explosion event in the Canadian high arctic
Authors: Zhao X. , Strong K. , Adams C. , Schofield R. , Yang X. , Richter A. , Friess U. , Blechschmidt A.‐M. , Koo J.‐H. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOzone depletion events in the polar troposphere have been linked to extremely high concentrations of bromine, known as bromine explosion events (BEE). However, the optimum meteorological conditions for the occurrence of these events remain uncertain. On 4–5 April 2011, a combination of both blowing snow and a stable shallow boundary layer was observed during a BEE at Eureka, Canada (86.4°W, 80.1°N). Measurements made by a Multi‐Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy spectrometer were used to retrieve BrO profiles and partial columns. During this event, the near‐surface BrO volume mixing ratio increased to ~20 parts per trillion by volume, while ozone was depleted to ~1 ppbv from the surface to 700 m. Back trajectories and Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment‐2 satellite tropospheric BrO columns confirmed that this event originated from a bromine explosion over the Beaufort Sea. From 30 to 31 March, meteorological data showed high wind speeds (24 m/s) and elevated boundary layer heights (~800 m) over the Beaufort Sea. Long‐distance transportation (~1800 km over 5 days) to Eureka indicated strong recycling of BrO within the bromine plume. This event was generally captured by a global chemistry‐climate model when a sea‐salt bromine source from blowing snow was included. A model sensitivity study indicated that the surface BrO at Eureka was controlled by both local photochemistry and boundary layer dynamics. Comparison of the model results with both ground‐based and satellite measurements confirmed that the BEE observed at Eureka was triggered by transport of enhanced BrO from the Beaufort Sea followed by local production/recycling under stable atmospheric shallow boundary layer conditions.
Changes to freshwater systems affecting Arctic infrastructure and natural resources
Authors: Instanes Arne , Kokorev Vasily , Janowicz Richard , Bruland Oddbjørn , Sand Knut , Prowse Terry 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe resources component of the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis focuses on the potential impact of future climate and change on water resources in the Arctic and how Arctic infrastructure and exploration and production of natural resources are affected. Freshwater availability may increase in the Arctic in the future in response to an increase in middle‐ and high‐latitude annual precipitation. Changes in type of precipitation, its seasonal distribution, timing, and rate of snowmelt represent a challenge to municipalities and transportation networks subjected to flooding and droughts and to current industries and future industrial development. A reliable well‐distributed water source is essential for all infrastructures, industrial development, and other sectorial uses in the Arctic. Fluctuations in water supply and seasonal precipitation and temperature may represent not only opportunities but also threats to water quantity and quality for Arctic communities and industrial use. The impact of future climate change is varying depending on the geographical area and the current state of infrastructure and industrial development. This paper provides a summary of our current knowledge related to the system function and key physical processes affecting northern water resources, industry, and other sectorial infrastructure.
Phosphorylation of RAF Kinase Dimers Drives Conformational Changes that Facilitate Transactivation
Authors: Jambrina Pablo G. , Rauch Nora , Pilkington Ruth , Rybakova Katja , Nguyen Lan K. , Kholodenko Boris N. , Buchete Nicolae‐Viorel , Kolch Walter , Rosta Edina 
Published: December 2015

AbstractRAF kinases are key players in the MAPK signaling pathway and are important targets for personalized cancer therapy. RAF dimerization is part of the physiological activation mechanism, together with phosphorylation, and is known to convey resistance to RAF inhibitors. Herein, molecular dynamics simulations are used to show that phosphorylation of a key N‐terminal acidic (NtA) motif facilitates RAF dimerization by introducing several interprotomer salt bridges between the αC‐helix and charged residues upstream of the NtA motif. Additionally, we show that the R‐spine of RAF interacts with a conserved Trp residue in the vicinity of the NtA motif, connecting the active sites of two protomers and thereby modulating the cooperative interactions in the RAF dimer. Our findings provide a first structure‐based mechanism for the auto‐transactivation of RAF and could be generally applicable to other kinases, opening new pathways for overcoming dimerization‐related drug resistance.
Beyond the Capture of Circulating Tumor Cells: Next‐Generation Devices and Materials
Authors: Green Brenda J. , Saberi Safaei Tina , Mepham Adam , Labib Mahmoud , Mohamadi Reza M. , Kelley Shana O. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractOver the last decade, significant progress has been made towards the development of approaches that enable the capture of rare circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from the blood of cancer patients, a critical capability for noninvasive tumor profiling. These advances have leveraged new insights in materials chemistry and microfluidics and allowed the capture and enumeration of CTCs with unprecedented sensitivity. However, it has become increasingly clear that simply capturing and counting tumor cells launched into the bloodstream may not provide the information needed to advance our understanding of the biology of these rare cells, or to allow us to better exploit them in medicine. A variety of advances have now emerged demonstrating that more information can be extracted from CTCs with next‐generation devices and materials featuring tailored physical and chemical properties. In this Minireview, the last ten years of work in this area will be discussed, with an emphasis on the groundbreaking work of the last five years, during which the focus has moved beyond the simple capture of CTCs and gravitated towards approaches that enable in‐depth analysis.
A Rhodium‐Mediated Contraction of Benzene to Cyclopentadiene: Transformations of Rhodium(III) m‐Benziporphyrin
Authors: Hurej Karolina , Pawlicki Miłosz , Szterenberg Ludmiła , Latos‐Grażyński Lechosław 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe contraction of benzene is one of an exclusive group of reactions where the cleavage of aromatic structure is of fundamental importance. Rhodium(III) m‐benziporphyrin undergoes an unprecedented transformation of the built‐in m‐phenylene in which a perimeter carbon atom is extruded to form rhodium(III) 21‐carbaporphyrin, stabilizing the formyl‐unit‐substituted rhodacyclopropane motif.
Nanoparticle‐Mediated Intervalence Charge Transfer: Core‐Size Effects
Authors: Hu Peiguang , Chen Limei , Deming Christopher P. , Kang Xiongwu , Chen Shaowei 
Published: December 2015

AbstractTwo types of platinum nanoparticles (NPs) functionalized with ethynylferrocene were prepared. The subnanometer‐sized NPs (Pt10eFc) showed semiconductor‐like characteristics with a bandgap of about 1.0 eV, and the other was metal‐like with a core size of about 2 nm (Pt314eFc) and no significant bandgap. IR spectroscopic measurements showed a clear red‐shift of the C≡C and ferrocenyl ring =C−H vibrational energies with increasing particle core size owing to enhanced intraparticle charge delocalization between the particle‐bound ferrocenyl moieties. Electrochemical measurements showed two pairs of voltammetric peaks owing to intervalence charge transfer between the ferrocenyl groups on the nanoparticle surface, which was apparently weaker with Pt10eFc than with Pt314eFc. Significantly, the former might be markedly enhanced with UV photoirradiation owing to enhanced nanoparticle electronic conductivity, whereas no apparent effects were observed with the latter.
Preparation and characterization of highly thermostable polyisocyanurate foams modified with epoxy resin
Authors: Chen Keping , Tian Chunrong , Cao Fen , Liang Shuen , Jia Xiaorong , Wang Jianhua 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTA series of epoxy resin–modified polyisocyanurate (EP‐PIR) foams with oxazolidone (OX) rings and isocyanurate (IS) rings have been successfully prepared by the reaction of polymethylene polyphenyl isocyanate (PAPI) and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry are performed to investigate the influence of curing temperature on the chemical structure of EP‐PIR foams. The results indicate that low temperature is beneficial to the formation of the IS ring, and high temperature is in favor of the OX ring. The influence of the mole ratio of [PAPI]/[DGEBA] on the mechanical properties and thermal stability has also been studied. With the increase of [PAPI]/[DGEBA], the specific compressive strength shows a maximum of 0.0135 ± 0.0003 MPa m3/kg. The optimized mole ratio of [PAPI]/[DGEBA] is around 2.5 to reach the better mechanical and thermal properties, and the glass‐transition temperature is as high as 323.5°C. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43085.
On the general consensus protocol in multi‐agent networks with second‐order dynamics and sampled data
Authors: Wang Aijuan , Dong Tao , Liao Xiaofeng 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper considers the problem of the convergence of the consensus for multiple agents in a directed network. A general distributed consensus protocol is designed, the advantage of this protocol is that almost all the existing linear local interaction consensus protocols can be considered as special cases of the present paper. Necessary and sufficient conditions are established for reaching consensus of the system by choosing the appropriate sampling period, the control parameters and the spectra of the Laplacian matrix. It is found that second‐order consensus cannot be reached for a sufficiently large sampling period while it can be reached for a sufficiently small one. Furthermore, the coupling gains can be carefully designed under the given network structure and the sampling period. Finally, a simulation example is given to verify and illustrate the theoretical analysis.
Recent increase in heat wave frequency around Mongolia: role of atmospheric forcing and possible influence of soil moisture deficit
Authors: Erdenebat Enkhbat , Sato Tomonori 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA 30‐year meteorological station and reanalysis datasets revealed that the frequency and intensity of hot extremes have increased dramatically around Mongolia since the late 1990s. Many recent heat waves (HWs) were triggered by atmospheric forcing with a mid‐tropospheric ridge pattern which appears frequently around Mongolia in 2000s. An observational data analysis for each HW event indicates that the rate of temperature increase at the beginning stage of HW is sensitive to the soil moisture condition. Therefore, it is suggested that the recent drier soil conditions played a role in enhancing the frequency and intensity of HWs and localization around Mongolia.
Genetic variants in PI3K/AKT pathway are associated with severe radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients treated with radiation therapy
Authors: Tang Yang , Liu Bo , Li Jing , Wu Huanlei , Yang Ju , Zhou Xiao , Yi Mingxiao , Li Qianxia , Yu Shiying , Yuan Xianglin 
Published: December 2015

AbstractPI3K/AKT pathway plays important roles in inflammatory and fibrotic diseases while its connection to radiation pneumonitis (RP) is unclear. In this study, we explored the associations of genetic variants in PI3K/AKT pathway with RP in lung cancer patients with radiotherapy. Two hundred and sixty one lung cancer patients with radiotherapy were included in this prospective study (NCT02490319) and genotyped by MassArray and Sanger Sequence methods. By multivariate Cox hazard analysis and multiple testing, GA/GG genotype of AKT2: rs33933140 (HR = 0.272, 95% CI: 0.140–0.530, P = 1.3E–4, Pc = 9.1E–4), and the GT/GG genotype of PI3CA: rs9838117 (HR = 0.132, 95% CI: 0.042–0.416, P = 0.001, Pc = 0.006) were found to be strongly associated with a decreased occurrence of RP ≥ grade 3. And patients with the CT/TT genotype of AKT2: rs11880261 had a notably higher incidence of RP ≥ grade 3 (HR = 2.950, 95% CI: 1.380–6.305, P = 0.005, Pc = 0.025). We concluded that the genetic variants of PI3K/AKT pathway were significantly related to RP of grade ≥ 3 and may thus be predictors of severe RP before radiotherapy, if further validated in larger population.
A novel endovascular occlusion device with a steerable introducer for embolization in a porcine model
Authors: Lu Weifeng , Fu Weiguo , Si Yi , Chen Xiaoli , Cai Qiuni , Xiong Yu , Hong Shichai , Yang Donghai 
Published: December 2015

ObjectivesIt has been reported that vascular plugging has become a therapeutic alternative to coil embolization in certain cases that require occlusion. However, the use of a relatively large and rigid delivery sheath may be a limiting factor in vascular plug use. In this study, we aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of a novel transcatheter occlusion device with unique design and delivery system in a pig model.MethodsThe Cera vascular plug was delivered and deployed through the FuStar steerable introducer sheath, which can control tip direction during advancement. Twelve pigs were randomized to undergo an embolization procedure in which the Cera vascular plug was implanted into the left internal iliac artery (IIA) with the FuStar steerable introducer (n = 6) or a control introducer sheath. Another eight pigs were assigned to undergo an embolization procedure in which the test device was implanted into either the splenic artery (SA, n = 4) or the lower segmental branch of left renal artery (LRA, n = 4). Angiography and pathological examinations were performed to evaluate the outcomes.ResultsA total of 20 target vessels were embolized with a total of 22 test plugs. Compared with the control introducer, plug embolization through the FuStar steerable introducer was associated with shorter fluoroscopy time (21.50 ± 3.62 vs. 28.33 ± 2.16 min, P = 0.003) and less contrast medium (129.17 ± 22.68 vs. 162.50 ± 13.69 mL, P = 0.012). At the 2‐month follow‐up, angiography and pathological examinations did not show any evidence of migration, and persistent occlusion was observed in 18 of the 20 target vessels. Organ ischemia occurred when plugs were deployed within the lower segmental branch of the LRA.ConclusionThis novel device is suitable for therapeutic vascular embolization with the use of flexible delivery systems. The different outcomes of SA and LRA plugging suggested that the occluding device should be placed within the appropriate portion of the target vessel to allow the development of collateralization. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Infectious endocarditis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in a cardiac surgery patient: a new form of clinical presentation
Authors: Lacalzada Juan , Padilla Marta , de la Rosa Alejandro , Laynez Ignacio 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageHigh mortality associated with pneumococcal endocarditis is due to late diagnosis and the frequency of complications, which usually require early diagnostic and intensive therapeutic measures. We present the first reported case of pneumococcal endocarditis with simultaneous infection of an aortic prosthetic valve, native tricuspid valve, and permanent pacemaker lead.
A case of leukemic retinopathy mimicking common ischemic retinopathies
Authors: Awuah Agnes , Asiedu Kofi , Adanusa Madison , Ntodie Michael , Acquah Ebo , Kyei Samuel 
Published: December 2015

Key Clinical MessageReported case of leukemic retinopathy mimicking common ischemic retinopathies in a young adult where ophthalmic visit was the first step to the diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia. It highlights the importance of routine eye exams and that clinicians should suspect leukemia in an otherwise healthy patient presenting with ischemic retinopathy.
A seven weeks old baby with diabetic ketoacidosis: a case report
Authors: Fredrick Francis , Sawe Hendry , Muze Kandi , Mally Deogratius , Majaliwa Edna 
Published: December 2015

Key clinical messageDiabetes mellitus is rare during infancy, however, it should be suspected in infants presenting with features consistent with sepsis and hyperglycemia. This is crucial in initiating the treatment of diabetes ketoacidosis which if delayed may result in significant morbidity and death.
Compounds with Low‐Valent p‐Block Elements for Small Molecule Activation and Catalysis
Authors: Yadav Sandeep , Saha Sumana , Sen Sakya S. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe past decade has witnessed staggering progress in the chemistry of compounds with low‐valent main‐group elements. Although these discoveries are mostly fundamental by nature, these compounds show promising reactivity towards small molecule activation. The reactivity of these compounds stems from the modest HOMO–LUMO energy gap; a characteristic known for the transition metals. The journey began in 2005 with the facile activation of dihydrogen by an alkyne analog of germanium [ArGe≡GeAr; Ar=2,6‐Trip2‐C6H3 (Trip=2,4,6‐iPr3‐C6H2)]. Subsequently, tremendous progress has been achieved in understanding and elucidating the potential of these compounds to activate small molecules as well as to use them in a variety of stoichiometric and catalytic transformations. In this review, we focus on developments in the activation of H2, NH3, CO, and CO2 by compounds with multiply bound or open shell main‐group elements. Emphasis will be given to their catalytic activity.
Fecal antibody levels as a noninvasive method for measuring immunity to gastrointestinal nematodes in ecological studies
Authors: Watt Kathryn A. , Nussey Daniel H. , Maclellan Rachel , Pilkington Jill G. , McNeilly Tom N. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAmong‐individual variation in antibody‐associated immunity to gastrointestinal nematode parasites (GIN) is known be associated with life‐history traits and vital rates in wild vertebrate systems. To date, measurement of levels of antibodies against GIN antigens in natural populations has exclusively been based on invasive blood sampling techniques. Previous work in laboratory rodents and ruminant livestock suggests that antibody measures from feces may provide a viable noninvasive approach. We measured total and anti‐GIN antibodies of different isotypes (immunoglobulin (Ig) G, IgA and IgE) from paired samples of plasma and feces from free‐living Soay sheep of different ages and sexes. We tested the correlations among these measures as well as their associations with body mass and Strongyle nematode fecal egg counts (FEC). Significant positive correlations were present among plasma and fecal anti‐GIN antibody levels for IgG and IgA. Generally, correlations between total antibody levels in plasma and feces were weaker and not significant. No significant relationships were found between any antibody measures and body mass; however, fecal anti‐GIN antibody levels were significantly negatively correlated with FEC. Our data clearly demonstrate the feasibility of measuring anti‐GIN antibodies from fecal samples collected in natural populations. Although associations of fecal antibody levels with their plasma counterparts and FEC were relatively weak, the presence of significant correlations in the predicted direction in a relatively small and heterogeneous sample suggests fecal antibody measures could be a useful, noninvasive addition to current eco‐immunological studies.
Reversible transition from a hypertrophic to a dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Spillmann Frank , Kühl Uwe , Van Linthout Sophie , Dominguez Fernando , Escher Felicitas , Schultheiss Heinz‐Peter , Pieske Burkert , Tschöpe Carsten 
Published: December 2015

AbstractWe report the case of a 17‐year‐old female patient with known hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and a Wolff‐Parkinson‐White syndrome. She came to our department for further evaluation of a new diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy characterized by an enlargement of the left ventricle and a fall in ejection fraction. Clinically, she complained about atypical chest pain, arrhythmic episodes with presyncopal events, and dyspnea (NYHA III) during the last 6 months. Non‐invasive and invasive examinations including magnetic resonance imaging, electrophysiological examinations, and angiography did not lead to a conclusive diagnosis. Therefore, endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) were taken to investigate whether a specific myocardial disease caused the impairment of the left ventricular function. EMB analysis resulted in the diagnosis of a virus‐negative, active myocarditis. Based on this diagnosis, an immunosuppressive treatment with prednisolone and azathioprine was started, which led to an improvement of cardiac function and symptoms within 3 months after initiating therapy. In conclusion, we show that external stress triggered by myocarditis can induce a reversible transition from a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to a dilated cardiomyopathy phenotype. This case strongly underlines the need for a thorough and invasive examination of heart failure of unknown causes, including EMB investigations as recommend by the actual ESC position statement.
Quantitative analysis of acidity level in virgin coconut oils by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics
Authors: Zicker Marina Campos , Craig Ana Paula , de Oliveira Ramiro Déborah , Franca Adriana S. , Labanca Renata Adriana , Ferreira Adaliene Versiane Matos 
Published: December 2015

The quality of virgin coconut oil (VCO), together with its health functionalities, is directly related to its freshness and to the levels of free fatty acids (FFA). Thus, the goal of this work was to develop a quantitative model based on partial least squares regression (PLSR) to predict FFA levels (%) in VCO. A total of 72 Brazilian commercial samples classified in accordance to their shelf life was analyzed. FFA levels ranged from 0.3 to 2.3%. FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) spectra were recorded within a range of 3100 to 680 cm−1 and submitted to mathematical preprocessing. Quantitative models were developed by partial least squares regression (PLSR). Excellent predictive results were obtained, indicating that the FFA levels in VCO could be accurately quantified by FTIR. The correlation coefficient (R) and the root mean squared error of prediction (RMSEP) were, respectively, as high as 0.994 and as low as 0.07.Practical applications: According to international standards, acid‐base titration is the reference method for the determination of FFA in oils. This method is laborious and time‐consuming, uses toxic and flammable solvents and it is susceptible to error when detecting the color change of the indicator. Some of the advantages of FTIR over the official acid‐base titration method are the short time and simplicity of analysis. Besides that, it is non‐destructive and it does not require hazardous solvents and reagents. The results shown in this study indicate that FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics can be successfully applied to the quantitative evaluation of FFA in VCO.The quality of virgin coconut oil (VCO), together with its health functionalities, is directly related to its freshness and to the levels of free fatty acids (FFA). Acid‐base titration is the reference method for the determination of FFA in oils. This method is laborious and time‐consuming, uses toxic and flammable solvents and it is susceptible to error when detecting the color change of the indicator. FTIR is a rapid, non‐destructive, and accurate technique that could overcome some of the drawbacks of titration methodologies and could be easily implemented in routine quality control laboratories. The results shown in this study indicate that FTIR spectroscopy and chemometrics can be successfully applied to the quantitative evaluation of FFA in VCO.