bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An extensive dataset of eye movements during viewing of complex images
Authors: Wilming Niklas , Onat Selim , Ossandón José P. , Açık Alper , Kietzmann Tim C. , Kaspar Kai , Gameiro Ricardo R. , Vormberg Alexandra , König Peter 
Published: January 2017

AbstractWe present a dataset of free-viewing eye-movement recordings that contains more than 2.7 million fixation locations from 949 observers on more than 1000 images from different categories. This dataset aggregates and harmonizes data from 23 different studies conducted at the Institute of Cognitive Science at Osnabrück University and the University Medical Center in Hamburg-Eppendorf. Trained personnel recorded all studies under standard conditions with homogeneous equipment and parameter settings. All studies allowed for free eye-movements, and differed in the age range of participants (~7–80 years), stimulus sizes, stimulus modifications (phase scrambled, spatial filtering, mirrored), and stimuli categories (natural and urban scenes, web sites, fractal, pink-noise, and ambiguous artistic figures). The size and variability of viewing behavior within this dataset presents a strong opportunity for evaluating and comparing computational models of overt attention, and furthermore, for thoroughly quantifying strategies of viewing behavior. This also makes the dataset a good starting point for investigating whether viewing strategies change in patient groups.
Detecting the causality influence of individual meteorological factors on local PM2.5 concentration in the Jing-Jin-Ji region
Authors: Chen Ziyue , Cai Jun , Gao Bingbo , Xu Bing , Dai Shuang , He Bin , Xie Xiaoming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractDue to complicated interactions in the atmospheric environment, quantifying the influence of individual meteorological factors on local PM2.5 concentration remains challenging. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (short for Jing-Jin-Ji) region is infamous for its serious air pollution. To improve regional air quality, characteristics and meteorological driving forces for PM2.5 concentration should be better understood. This research examined seasonal variations of PM2.5 concentration within the Jing-Jin-Ji region and extracted meteorological factors strongly correlated with local PM2.5 concentration. Following this, a convergent cross mapping (CCM) method was employed to quantify the causality influence of individual meteorological factors on PM2.5 concentration. The results proved that the CCM method was more likely to detect mirage correlations and reveal quantitative influences of individual meteorological factors on PM2.5 concentration. For the Jing-Jin-Ji region, the higher PM2.5 concentration, the stronger influences meteorological factors exert on PM2.5 concentration. Furthermore, this research suggests that individual meteorological factors can influence local PM2.5 concentration indirectly by interacting with other meteorological factors. Due to the significant influence of local meteorology on PM2.5 concentration, more emphasis should be given on employing meteorological means for improving local air quality.
Imaging tumor microscopic viscosity in vivo using molecular rotors
Authors: Shimolina Lyubov’ E. , Izquierdo Maria Angeles , López-Duarte Ismael , Bull James A. , Shirmanova Marina V. , Klapshina Larisa G. , Zagaynova Elena V. , Kuimova Marina K. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe microscopic viscosity plays an essential role in cellular biophysics by controlling the rates of diffusion and bimolecular reactions within the cell interior. While several approaches have emerged that have allowed the measurement of viscosity and diffusion on a single cell level in vitro, the in vivo viscosity monitoring has not yet been realized. Here we report the use of fluorescent molecular rotors in combination with Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) to image microscopic viscosity in vivo, both on a single cell level and in connecting tissues of subcutaneous tumors in mice. We find that viscosities recorded from single tumor cells in vivo correlate well with the in vitro values from the same cancer cell line. Importantly, our new method allows both imaging and dynamic monitoring of viscosity changes in real time in live animals and thus it is particularly suitable for diagnostics and monitoring of the progress of treatments that might be accompanied by changes in microscopic viscosity.
Head rice rate measurement based on concave point matching
Authors: Yao Yuan , Wu Wei , Yang Tianle , Liu Tao , Chen Wen , Chen Chen , Li Rui , Zhou Tong , Sun Chengming , Zhou Yue , Li Xinlu 
Published: January 2017

AbstractHead rice rate is an important factor affecting rice quality. In this study, an inflection point detection-based technology was applied to measure the head rice rate by combining a vibrator and a conveyor belt for bulk grain image acquisition. The edge center mode proportion method (ECMP) was applied for concave points matching in which concave matching and separation was performed with collaborative constraint conditions followed by rice length calculation with a minimum enclosing rectangle (MER) to identify the head rice. Finally, the head rice rate was calculated using the sum area of head rice to the overall coverage of rice. Results showed that bulk grain image acquisition can be realized with test equipment, and the accuracy rate of separation of both indica rice and japonica rice exceeded 95%. An increase in the number of rice did not significantly affect ECMP and MER. High accuracy can be ensured with MER to calculate head rice rate by narrowing down its relative error between real values less than 3%. The test results show that the method is reliable as a reference for head rice rate calculation studies.
Asymmetric response of tropical cyclone activity to global warming over the North Atlantic and western North Pacific from CMIP5 model projections
Authors: Park Doo-Sun R. , Ho Chang-Hoi , Chan Johnny C. L. , Ha Kyung-Ja , Kim Hyeong-Seog , Kim Jinwon , Kim Joo-Hong 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecent improvements in the theoretical understanding of the relationship between tropical cyclones (TCs) and their large-scale environments have resulted in significant improvements in the skill for forecasting TC activity at daily and seasonal time-scales. However, future changes in TC activity under a warmer climate remain uncertain, particularly in terms of TC genesis locations and subsequent pathways. Applying a track-pattern-based statistical model to 22 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) model runs for the historical period and the future period corresponding to the Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5 emissions scenarios, this study shows that in future climate conditions, TC passage frequency will decrease over the North Atlantic, particularly in the Gulf of Mexico, but will increase over the western North Pacific, especially that hits Korea and Japan. Unlike previous studies based on fine-resolution models, an ensemble mean of CMIP5 models projects an increase in TC activity in the western North Pacific, which is owing to enhanced subtropical deep convection and favorable dynamic conditions therein in conjunction with the expansion of the tropics and vice versa for the North Atlantic. Our results suggest that North America will experience less TC landfalls, while northeast Asia will experience more TCs than in the present-day climate.
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) causes sepsis-associated acute lung injury via induction of endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Khan Mohammad Moshahid , Yang Weng-Lang , Brenner Max , Bolognese Alexandra Cerutti , Wang Ping 
Published: January 2017

AbstractCold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP), released into the circulation during sepsis, causes lung injury via an as yet unknown mechanism. Since endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with acute lung injury (ALI), we hypothesized that CIRP causes ALI via induction of ER stress. To test this hypothesis, we studied the lungs of wild-type (WT) and CIRP knockout (KO) mice at 20 h after induction of sepsis by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). WT mice had significantly more severe ALI than CIRP KO mice. Lung ER stress markers (BiP, pIRE1α, sXBP1, CHOP, cleaved caspase-12) were increased in septic WT mice, but not in septic CIRP KO mice. Effector pathways downstream from ER stress – apoptosis, NF-κB (p65), proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β), neutrophil chemoattractants (MIP-2, KC), neutrophil infiltration (MPO activity), lipid peroxidation (4-HNE), and nitric oxide (iNOS) – were significantly increased in WT mice, but only mildly elevated in CIRP KO mice. ER stress markers were increased in the lungs of healthy WT mice treated with recombinant murine CIRP, but not in the lungs of TLR4 KO mice. This suggests CIRP directly induces ER stress via TLR4 activation. In summary, CIRP induces lung ER stress and downstream responses to cause sepsis-associated ALI.
Key factors affecting mechanical behavior of metallic glass nanowires
Authors: Zhang Qi , Li Qi-Kai , Li Mo 
Published: January 2017

AbstractBoth strengthening and weakening trends with decreasing diameter have been observed for metallic glass nanowires, sometimes even in the samples with the same chemical composition. How to reconcile the results has reminded a puzzle. Since the detailed stress state and microstructure of metallic glass nanowires may differ from each other significantly depending on preparation, to discover the intrinsic size effect it is necessary to study metallic glass nanowires fabricated differently. Here we show the complex size effects from one such class of metallic glass nanowires prepared by casting using molecular dynamics simulations. As compared with the nanowires of the same composition prepared by other methods, the cast nanowires deform nearly homogeneously with much lower strength but better ductility; and also show strengthening in tension but weakening in compression with decreasing wire diameter. The subtle size dependence is shown to be related to the key factors including internal and surface stress state, atomic structure variation, and presence of various gradients. The complex interplay of these factors at decreasing size leads to the different deformation behaviors.
Combination of IL-6 and sIL-6R differentially regulate varying levels of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through NF-κB, ERK and JNK signaling pathways
Authors: Feng Wei , Liu Hongrui , Luo Tingting , Liu Di , Du Juan , Sun Jing , Wang Wei , Han Xiuchun , Yang Kaiyun , Guo Jie , Amizuka Norio , Li Minqi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInterleukin (IL)-6 is known to indirectly enhance osteoclast formation by promoting receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL) production by osteoblastic/stromal cells. However, little is known about the direct effect of IL-6 on osteoclastogenesis. Here, we determined the direct effects of IL-6 and its soluble receptor (sIL-6R) on RANKL-induced osteoclast formation by osteoclast precursorsin vitro. We found IL-6/sIL-6R significantly promoted and suppressed osteoclast differentiation induced by low- (10 ng/ml) and high-level (50 ng/ml) RANKL, respectively. Using a bone resorption pit formation assay, expression of osteoclastic marker genes and transcription factors confirmed differential regulation of RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis by IL-6/sIL-6R. Intracellular signaling transduction analysis revealed IL-6/sIL-6R specifically upregulated and downregulated the phosphorylation of NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells), ERK (extracellular signal–regulated kinase) and JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) induced by low- and high level RANKL, respectively. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that IL-6/sIL-6R differentially regulate RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation and activity through modulation of NF-κB, ERK and JNK signaling pathways. Thus, IL-6 likely plays a dual role in osteoclastogenesis either as a pro-resorption factor or as a protector of bone, depending on the level of RANKL within the local microenvironment.
Hollow Au-Ag Nanoparticles Labeled Immunochromatography Strip for Highly Sensitive Detection of Clenbuterol
Authors: Wang Jingyun , Zhang Lei , Huang Youju , Dandapat Anirban , Dai Liwei , Zhang Ganggang , Lu Xuefei , Zhang Jiawei , Lai Weihua , Chen Tao 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe probe materials play a significant role in improving the detection efficiency and sensitivity of lateral-flow immunochromatographic test strip (ICTS). Unlike conventional ICTS assay usually uses single-component, solid gold nanoparticles as labeled probes, in our present study, a bimetallic, hollow Au-Ag nanoparticles (NPs) labeled ICTS was successfully developed for the detection of clenbuterol (CLE). The hollow Au-Ag NPs with different Au/Ag mole ratio and tunable size were synthesized by varying the volume ratio of [HAuCl4]:[Ag NPs] via the galvanic replacement reaction. The surface of hollow Ag-Au NPs was functionalized with 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid (MUA) for further covalently bonded with anti-CLE monoclonal antibody. Overall size of the Au-Ag NPs, size of the holes within individual NPs and also Au/Ag mole ratio have been systematically optimized to amplify both the visual inspection signals and the quantitative data. The sensitivity of optimized hollow Au-Ag NPs probes has been achieved even as low as 2 ppb in a short time (within 15 min), which is superior over the detection performance of conventional test strip using Au NPs. The optimized hollow Au-Ag NPs labeled test strip can be used as an ideal candidate for the rapid screening of CLE in food samples.
A comprehensive analysis of the germline and expressed TCR repertoire in White Peking duck
Authors: Yang Zhi , Sun Yi , Ma Yonghe , Li Zhenrong , Zhao Yu , Ren Liming , Han Haitang , Jiang Yunliang , Zhao Yaofeng 
Published: January 2017

AbstractRecently, many immune-related genes have been extensively studied in ducks, but relatively little is known about their TCR genes. Here, we determined the germline and expressed repertoire of TCR genes in White Peking duck. The genomic organization of the duck TCRα/δ, TCRγ and unconventional TCRδ2 loci are highly conserved with their counterparts in mammals or chickens. By contrast, the duck TCRβ locus is organized in an unusual pattern, (Vβ)n-Dβ-(Jβ)2-Cβ1-(Jβ)4-Cβ2, which differs from the tandem-aligned clusters in mammals or the translocon organization in some teleosts. Excluding the first exon encoding the immunoglobulin domain, the subsequent exons of the two Cβ show significant diversity in nucleotide sequence and exon structure. Based on the nucleotide sequence identity, 49 Vα, 30 Vδ, 13 Vβ and 15 Vγ unique gene segments are classified into 3 Vα, 5 Vδ, 4 Vβ and 6 Vγ subgroups, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that most duck V subgroups, excluding Vβ1, Vγ5 and Vγ6, have closely related orthologues in chicken. The coding joints of all cDNA clones demonstrate conserved mechanisms that are used to increase junctional diversity. Collectively, these data provide insight into the evolution of TCRs in vertebrates and improve our understanding of the avian immune system.
Role of Cytosolic Carboxypeptidase 5 in Neuronal Survival and Spermatogenesis
Authors: Wu Hui-Yuan , Wei Peng , Morgan James I. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractProteins may undergo a type of posttranslational modification – polyglutamylation, where a glutamate residue is enzymatically linked to the γ-carboxyl group of a glutamate in the primary sequence of proteins and additional glutamates are then sequentially added via α-carboxyl–linkages to the growing glutamate side chain. Nna1 (a.k.a. CCP1) defines the 6-member cytosolic carboxypeptidase (CCP) family that metabolizes polyglutamate side chain and its loss results in neurodegeneration and male infertility. Whereas most CCPs catalyze hydrolysis of α-carboxyl-linked glutamates, CCP5 uniquely metabolizes the γ-carboxyl linked, branch point glutamate. Using purified recombinant mouse CCP5, we confirmed that it metabolized γ-carboxyl-linked glutamate of synthetic substrates and tubulin. Despite this unique feature and its indispensible functions in lower species, we found that unlike Nna1, CCP5 is not essential for neuronal survival in mouse. CCP5 deficiency does cause male infertility. However, the mechanism by which this occurs is distinct from that of Nna1 loss. Instead, it is phenotypically reminiscent of the infertility ofoltmice. Our findings suggest that Nna1 and CCP5 do not work coordinately in the same pathway in either the nervous system or spermatogenesis. This is the first study addressing the function of CCP5 in mammals.
Comparison between Field Effect Transistors and Bipolar Junction Transistors as Transducers in Electrochemical Sensors
Authors: Zafar Sufi , Lu Minhua , Jagtiani Ashish 
Published: January 2017

AbstractField effect transistors (FET) have been widely used as transducers in electrochemical sensors for over 40 years. In this report, a FET transducer is compared with the recently proposed bipolar junction transistor (BJT) transducer. Measurements are performed on two chloride electrochemical sensors that are identical in all details except for the transducer device type. Comparative measurements show that the transducer choice significantly impacts the electrochemical sensor characteristics. Signal to noise ratio is 20 to 2 times greater for the BJT sensor. Sensitivity is also enhanced: BJT sensing signal changes by 10 times per pCl, whereas the FET signal changes by 8 or less times. Also, sensor calibration curves are impacted by the transducer choice. Unlike a FET sensor, the calibration curve of the BJT sensor is independent of applied voltages. Hence, a BJT sensor can make quantitative sensing measurements with minimal calibration requirements, an important characteristic for mobile sensing applications. As a demonstration for mobile applications, these BJT sensors are further investigated by measuring chloride levels in artificial human sweat for potential cystic fibrosis diagnostic use. In summary, the BJT device is demonstrated to be a superior transducer in comparison to a FET in an electrochemical sensor.
Fabrication, Optimization and Characterization of Natural Dye Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Ghann William , Kang Hyeonggon , Sheikh Tajbik , Yadav Sunil , Chavez-Gil Tulio , Nesbitt Fred , Uddin Jamal 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe dyes extracted from pomegranate and berry fruits were successfully used in the fabrication of natural dye sensitized solar cells (NDSSC). The morphology, porosity, surface roughness, thickness, absorption and emission characteristics of the pomegranate dye sensitized photo-anode were studied using various analytical techniques including FESEM, EDS, TEM, AFM, FTIR, Raman, Fluorescence and Absorption Spectroscopy. Pomegranate dye extract has been shown to contain anthocyanin which is an excellent light harvesting pigment needed for the generation of charge carriers for the production of electricity. The solar cell’s photovoltic performance in terms of efficiency, voltage, and current was tested with a standard illumination of air-mass 1.5 global (AM 1.5 G) having an irradiance of 100 mW/cm2. After optimization of the photo-anode and counter electrode, a photoelectric conversion efficiency (η) of 2%, an open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.39 mV, and a short-circuit current density (Isc) of 12.2 mA/cm2 were obtained. Impedance determination showed a relatively low charge-transfer resistance (17.44 Ω) and a long lifetime, signifying a reduction in recombination losses. The relatively enhanced efficiency is attributable in part to the use of a highly concentrated pomegranate dye, graphite counter electrode and TiCl4 treatment of the photo-anode.
N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in the general population: A meta-analysis
Authors: Geng Zhaohua , Huang Lan , Song Mingbao , Song Yaoming 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe prognostic role of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in the general population remains controversial. We conducted this meta-analysis to investigate the association between baseline NT-proBNP concentrations and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in the general population. PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched from their inception to August 2016. Prospective observational studies that investigated the association between baseline NT-proBNP concentrations and cardiovascular or all-cause mortality in the general population were eligible. A summary of the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of mortality were calculated by the highest versus the lowest category of NT-proBNP concentrations. Eleven studies with a total of 25,715 individuals were included. Compared individuals in the highest with those in the lowest category of NT-proBNP, the pooled HR was 2.44 (95% CI 2.11–2.83) for all-cause mortality, 3.77 (95% CI 2.85–5.00) for cardiovascular mortality, and 2.35 (95% CI 1.45–3.82) for coronary heart disease mortality, respectively. Subgroup analyses indicated that the effects of NT-proBNP on the risk of cardiovascular mortality (RR 2.27) and all-cause mortality (RR 3.00) appeared to be slightly lower among men. Elevated NT-proBNP concentrations appeared to be independently associated with increased risk of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality in the general population.
Six-year changes in the prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases in Northeastern China from 2007 to 2013
Authors: Wu Jing , Xu Hongqin , He Xiuting , Yuan Yi , Wang Chunyan , Sun Jie , He Shumei , Niu Junqi 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObesity and obesity-related diseases are important public health challenges. In this study, we aimed to provide updated trends in the prevalence of these conditions. We conducted two independent cross-sectional surveys of the general population aged 20–75 years in 2007 and 2013 in Jilin, China. A total of 3636 (1719 males) and 1359 (602 males) participants were enrolled in the 2007 and 2013 surveys, respectively. Obesity-related diseases were defined as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The age-standardized prevalence of obesity, overweight, diabetes, pre-diabetes, dyslipidemia and NAFLD increased from 2007 to 2013 from 15.82% to 19.41%, 35.85% to 41.80%, 6.37% to 9.23%, 16.77% to 23.49%., 53.46% to 65.50%, and 23.48% to 44.31% in males, respectively, and from 13.18% to 18.77%, 31.11% to 37.54%, 4.41% to 8.48%, 8.10% to 16.49%, 41.96% to 54.70%, and 17.56% to 43.06% in females, respectively. However, the prevalence of hypertension remained stable (males: 38.10% vs. 38.63% and females: 33.04% vs. 33.01% in 2007 and 2013, respectively). The prevalence of obesity and obesity-related diseases, except for hypertension, increased significantly in the general population in Northeastern China. More targeted measures should be implemented to address the serious challenges presented by these diseases.