bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Information Flow in Planar Polarity
Authors: Fisher Katherine H , Strutt David , Fletcher Alexander G 
Published: December 2017

SummaryIn developing tissues, sheets of cells become planar polarised, enabling coordination of cell behaviours. It has been suggested that ‘signalling’ of polarity information between cells may occur either bidirectionally or monodirectionally between the molecules Frizzled (Fz) and Van Gogh (Vang). Using computational modelling we find that both bidirectional and monodirectional signalling models reproduce known non-autonomous phenotypes derived from patches of mutant tissue of key molecules, but predict different phenotypes from double mutant tissue, which have previously given conflicting experimental results. Consequently, we re-examine experimental phenotypes in theDrosophilawing, concluding that signalling is most likely bidirectional. Our modelling suggests that bidirectional signalling can be mediated eitherindirectlyvia bidirectional feedbacks between asymmetric intercellular protein complexes, ordirectlyvia different affinities for protein binding in intercellular complexes, suggesting future avenues for investigation. Our findings offer insight into mechanisms of juxtacrine cell signalling and how tissue-scale properties emerge from individual cell behaviours.
Non-parametric mixture models identify trajectories of childhood immune development relevant to asthma and allergy
Authors: Tang Howard H.F. , Teo Shu Mei , Belgrave Danielle C.M. , Evans Michael D. , Jackson Daniel J. , Brozynska Marta , Kusel Merci M.H. , Johnston Sebastian L. , Gern James E. , Lemanske Robert F. , Simpson Angela , Custovic Adnan , Sly Peter D. , Holt Patrick G. , Holt Kathryn E. , Inouye Michael 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEvents in early life contribute to subsequent risk of asthma; however, the causes and trajectories of childhood wheeze are heterogeneous and do not always result in asthma. Similarly, not all atopic individuals develop wheeze, and vice versa. The reasons for these differences are unclear. Using unsupervised model-based cluster analysis, we identified latent clusters within a prospective birth cohort with deep immunological and respiratory phenotyping. We characterised each cluster in terms of immunological profile and disease risk, and replicated our results in external cohorts from the UK and USA. We discovered three distinct trajectories, one of which is a high-risk “atopic” cluster with increased propensity for allergic diseases throughout childhood. Atopy contributes varyingly to later wheeze depending on cluster membership. Our findings demonstrate the utility of unsupervised analysis in elucidating heterogeneity in asthma pathogenesis and provide a foundation for improving management and prevention of childhood asthma.
Autophagy enhances memory erasure through synaptic destabilization
Authors: Shehata Mohammad , Abdou Kareem , Choko Kiriko , Matsuo Mina , Nishizono Hirofumi , Inokuchi Kaoru 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThere is substantial interest in memory reconsolidation as a target for the treatment of anxiety disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, its applicability is restricted by reconsolidation-resistant conditions that constrain the initial memory destabilization. In this study, we investigated whether the induction of synaptic protein degradation through autophagy modulation, a major protein degradation pathway, can enhance memory destabilization upon retrieval and whether it can be utilized to overcome these conditions. Here, using male mice in an auditory fear reconsolidation model, we showed that autophagy contributes to memory destabilization and its induction can be utilized to enhance erasure of a reconsolidation-resistant auditory fear memory that depended on α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR) endocytosis. Using male mice in a contextual fear reconsolidation model, autophagy induction in the amygdala or in the hippocampus enhanced fear or contextual memory destabilization, respectively. The latter correlated with AMPAR degradation in the spines of the contextual memory-ensemble cells. Using male rats in an in vivo long-term potentiation reconsolidation model, autophagy induction enhanced synaptic destabilization in an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-dependent manner. These data indicate that induction of synaptic protein degradation can enhance both synaptic and memory destabilization upon reactivation and that autophagy inducers have the potential to be used as a therapeutic tool in the treatment of anxiety disorders.Significance StatementIt has been reported that inhibiting synaptic protein degradation prevents memory destabilization. However, whether the reverse relation is true and whether it can be utilized to enhance memory destabilization is still unknown. Here we addressed this question on the behavioral, molecular and synaptic levels, and showed that induction of autophagy, a major protein degradation pathway, can enhance memory and synaptic destabilization upon reactivation. We also show that autophagy induction can be utilized to overcome a reconsolidation-resistant memory, suggesting autophagy inducers as a potential therapeutic tool in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
A simple bioreactor-based method to generate kidney organoids from pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Przepiorski Aneta , Sander Veronika , Tran Tracy , Hollywood Jennifer A. , Sorrenson Brie , Shih Jen-Hsing , Wolvetang Ernst J. , McMahon Andrew P. , Holm Teresa M. , Davidson Alan J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryKidney organoids generated from human pluripotent stem cells have the potential to revolutionize how kidney development and injury are studied. Current protocols are technically complex and suffer from poor reproducibility and high reagent costs restricting scalability. To overcome these issues, we have established a simple, inexpensive and robust method to grow kidney organoids in bulk from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Our organoids develop tubular structures by day (d) 8 and show optimal tissue morphology at d14. A comparison with fetal human kidney suggests that d14 organoid renal structures most closely resemble ‘capillary loop’ stage nephrons. We show that deletion ofHNF1B,a transcription factor linked to congenital kidney defects, interferes with tubulogenesis, validating our experimental system for studying renal developmental biology. Taken together, our protocol provides a fast, efficient and cost-effective method for generating large quantities of human fetal kidney tissue, enabling the study of normal and aberrant human renal development.
Application of combined model with DGM(1,1) and linear regression in grain yield prediction
Authors: Li Bingjun , Yang Weiming , Li Xiaolu 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to address and overcome the problem that a single prediction model cannot accurately fit a data sequence with large fluctuations.

Design/methodology/approach
Initially, the grey linear regression combination model was put forward. The Discrete Grey Model (DGM)(1,1) model and the multiple linear regression model were then combined using the entropy weight method. The grain yield from 2010 to 2015 was forecasted using DGM(1,1), a multiple linear regression model, the combined model and a GM(1,N) model. The predicted values were then compared against the actual values.

Findings
The results reveal that the combination model used in this paper offers greater simulation precision. The combination model can be applied to the series with fluctuations and the weights of influencing factors in the model can be objectively evaluated. The simulation accuracy of GM(1,N) model fluctuates greatly in this prediction.

Practical implications
The combined model adopted in this paper can be applied to grain forecasting to improve the accuracy of grain prediction. This is important as data on grain yield are typically characterised by large fluctuation and some information is often missed.

Originality/value
This paper puts the grey linear regression combination model which combines the DGM(1,1) model and the multiple linear regression model using the entropy weight method to determine the results weighting of the two models. It is intended that prediction accuracy can be improved through the combination of models used within this paper.
Theoretical and experimental research on the pressure response characteristics of cartridge electromagnetic relief valve
Authors: Dai Kaiyu , Xie Fangwei , Gao Qingsong , Zhang Desheng , Ding Erming , Guo Xinjian 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to study the pressure response characteristics of the cartridge electromagnetic relief valve, which offers the problems caused by low pressure response and low efficiency in hydraulic plate shearing machines.

Design/methodology/approach
First of all the mathematical model of the cartridge electromagnetic relief valve is deduced to analyze the influence of the relevant parameters on the system pressure response. Then experiments are conducted to research the dynamic characteristics on building and relieving pressure. Through comparison of theoretical and experimental research, the results are found.

Findings
The results show that the input flow, working pressure, diameter of adjacent damping hole, and spring stiffness of the main valve have great influence on building pressure of the system, and have no influence on relieving pressure, while diameter of damping hole of control cover plate has influence on the building and relieving pressure of the system.

Originality/value
The research results provide powerful theoretical support for the parametric design of the cartridge electromagnetic relief valve in the hydraulic system of plate shearing machine.
Methodological challenges of sensitive topic research with adolescents
Authors: Rodriguez Leonor 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to focus on the methodological challenges in the design and implementation of an emotionally sensitive topic involving research with adolescents based on a study evaluating the experiences of adolescents and families facing a diagnosis of maternal cancer.

Design/methodology/approach
This conceptual paper builds an argument based on experiences from the field of qualitative data collection with adolescents and builds on arguments that were identified in the literature to provide with a detailed argument on the methodological challenges that researchers can face while undertaking sensitive research with young people.

Findings
Carrying out research on sensitive topics is challenging because rigour can be affected by real people experiencing pain, sorrow and other emotions linked to sensitive and difficult moments in their lives. Researchers need to decide how they will deal with the emotional impact that these topics can have on them as people but also continue to carry out high quality research.

Originality/value
This paper adds to the current body of knowledge by describing the challenges faced in the field carrying out data on sensitive issues with adolescents but it also provides alternatives and solutions on how these limitations can be overcome from early stages of the research design until the dissemination of results.
Attenuated accumulation of regulatory T cells and reduced production of interleukin 10 lead to the exacerbation of tissue injury in a mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Toyama Masahiko , Kudo Daisuke , Aoyagi Tetsuji , Miyasaka Tomomitsu , Ishii Keiko , Kanno Emi , Kaku Mitsuo , Kushimoto Shigeki , Kawakami Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTAcute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pathological condition that involves diffuse lung injury and severe hypoxemia caused by pulmonary and systemic diseases. We have established a mouse model of severe ARDS, developed by intratracheal injection of α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer), an activator of natural killer T (NKT) cells, followed by LPS. In the present study, we used this model to investigate the regulatory mechanism in the early inflammatory response during acute lung injury. In α‐GalCer/LPS‐treated mice, the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and the expression of a Treg cell‐tropic chemokine, secondary lymphoid‐tissue chemokine (SLC), in the lungs was significantly lower than in mice treated with LPS alone. Giving recombinant (r)SLC increased the number of Treg cells in α‐GalCer/LPS‐treated mice. Treatment with anti‐IFN‐γ mAb enhanced the expression of SLC and the accumulation of Treg cells in the lungs of α‐GalCer/LPS‐treated mice, whereas giving recombinant (r)IFN‐γ reduced the number of Treg cells in mice treated with LPS alone. IL‐10 production was significantly lower in α‐GalCer/LPS‐treated mice than in mice treated with LPS alone. Giving rIL‐10 prolonged survival and attenuated lung injury as a result of reduced production of inflammatory cytokines (such as IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ) and chemokines (including MCP‐1, RANTES, IP‐10, Mig, MIP‐2, and KC) in α‐GalCer/LPS‐treated mice. Treatment with anti‐IFN‐γ mAb enhanced IL‐10 production in α‐GalCer/LPS‐treated mice. These results suggest that the attenuated accumulation of Treg cells may be involved in the development of severe ARDS through a reduction in the synthesis of IL‐10.
Gender differences in psychiatric comorbidity: a population‐based study of 40 000 adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Solberg B. S. , Halmøy A. , Engeland A. , Igland J. , Haavik J. , Klungsøyr K. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveWe aimed at determining whether gender modified associations between ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities in adults.MethodWe identified adults with ADHD by linking Norwegian national registries and compared them with the remaining adult population (born 1967–1997, ADHD and bipolar during 2004–2015, other psychiatric disorders 2008–2015). Prevalence differences (PDs) and prevalence ratios (PRs) of psychiatric disorders were determined by Poisson regression. Interaction by gender was evaluated on additive (PDs) and multiplicative (PRs) scales. Proportions of psychiatric disorders attributable to ADHD were calculated.ResultsWe identified 40 103 adults with ADHD (44% women) and 1 661 103 adults (49% women) in the remaining population. PDs associated with ADHD were significantly larger in women than in men for anxiety, depression, bipolar and personality disorders, for example depression in women: 24.4 (95% CI, 23.8–24.9) vs. in men: 13.1 (12.8–13.4). PDs were significantly larger in men for schizophrenia and substance use disorder (SUD), for example SUD in men: 23.0 (22.5–23.5) vs. in women: 13.7 (13.3–14.0). Between 5.6 and 16.5% of psychiatric disorders in the population were attributable to ADHD.ConclusionThe association between ADHD and psychiatric comorbidities differed significantly among men and women. Clinicians treating adults with ADHD should be aware of these frequent and gender‐specific comorbidities, such that early treatment can be offered.
Allergic contact dermatitis caused by nail acrylates in Europe. An EECDRG study
Authors: Gonçalo Margarida , Pinho André , Agner Tove , Andersen Klaus E. , Bruze Magnus , Diepgen Thomas , Foti Caterina , Giménez‐Arnau Ana , Goossens An , Johanssen Jeanne D. , Paulsen Evy , Svedman Cecilia , Wilkinson Mark , Aalto‐Korte Kristiina 
Published: December 2017

SummaryBackgroundAllergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by nail acrylates, also including methacrylates and cyanoacrylates here, is being increasingly reported.MethodsA retrospective study in 11 European Environmental Contact Dermatitis Research Group (EECDRG) clinics collected information on cases of ACD caused by nail acrylates diagnosed by aimed testing between 2013 and 2015.ResultsAmong 18 228 studied patients, 136 had ACD caused by nail acrylates (0.75%; 95%CI: 0.60–0.90), representing 67.3% (95%CI: 60.4–73.7) of ACD cases caused by acrylates. There were 135 females and 1 male, with a mean age ± standard deviation of 36.7 ± 12.2 years; 59 (43.4%) were exposed as consumers, and 77 (56.6%) were occupationally exposed. Occupational cases were more frequent in southern Europe (83.7%), and were younger (mean age of 33.4 ± 8.9 years); most developed ACD during the first year at work (65.0%), and at least 11.7% had to leave their jobs. Skin lesions involved the hands in 121 patients (88.9%) and the face in 50 (36.8%), with the face being the only affected site in 14 (10.3%). Most patients reacted to two or more acrylates on patch testing, mainly to 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (92.5%), 2‐hydroxypropyl methacrylate (88.6%), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (69.2%), and ethyl cyanoacrylate (9.9%).ConclusionsNail cosmetics were responsible for the majority of ACD cases caused by acrylates, affecting nail beauticians and consumers, and therefore calling for stricter regulation and preventive measures. As HEMA detects most cases, and isolated facial lesions may be overlooked, inclusion of this allergen in the baseline series may be warranted.
Association between Australian adolescent alcohol use and alcohol use risk and protective factors in 2011 and 2014
Authors: Hodder Rebecca K. , Campbell Elizabeth , Gilligan Conor , Lee Hopin , Lecathelinais Christophe , Green Sue , MacDonald Meghan , Wiggers John 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIntroduction and AimsChanges in risk and protective factors of adolescent alcohol use may be contributing to the recent decline in Australian adolescents alcohol use. The study aimed to determine the: (i) prevalence of alcohol use, risk and protective factors in 2011 and 2014; and (ii) association between alcohol use and risk and protective factors in 2011 and 2014.Design and MethodsA repeat cross‐sectional study was conducted. Grade 9–10 (aged 15–17 years) students from 32 Australian secondary schools were sampled in 2011 and 2014. A self‐report survey collected data regarding alcohol use (ever, recent, ‘binge drinking’), risk factors (e.g. alcohol use/permissive attitude to alcohol by friends/siblings/parents) and protective factors (e.g. self‐efficacy; school/home/community support; peer caring relationships). Descriptive statistics were used to determine differences in alcohol use, risk and protective factors between 2011 and 2014. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression analyses examined associations between alcohol use, risk and protective factors separately in 2011 and 2014 (six models).ResultsFewer adolescents reported alcohol use in 2014 compared with 2011 (ever: 56.6% vs. 67.9%, recent: 17.3% vs. 21.2%, ‘binge drinking’: 20.0% vs. 23.5%; 2011: n = 4366; 2014: n = 5199). Significant differences between 2014 and 2011 were found for some risk (five lower; one higher) and protective factors (four lower). Risk factors that were significantly lower in 2014 compared to 2011 were amongst variables with the strongest associations with alcohol use.Discussion and ConclusionsThe strength of associations with alcohol use, and decrease in the prevalence of certain risk factors in 2014 compared to 2011, suggests such factors may be contributing to the decline in adolescent alcohol use.
Is conditional reasoning related to mathematical problem solving?
Authors: Wong Terry Tin‐Yau 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe current study aimed to investigate the relation between conditional reasoning, which is a common type of logical reasoning, and children's mathematical problem solving. A sample of 124 fourth graders was tested for their conditional reasoning skills and their mathematical problem solving skills, as well as a list of control variables (e.g.,IQ, working memory, reading) and potential mediators (number sentence construction and computation). The children's ability to make modus ponens (MP) inferences significantly predicted their mathematical problem solving skills, even after controlling for the potential confounding variables. The relation was mediated by the number sentence construction skills. The findings, in addition to supporting the link between conditional reasoning and mathematics, further indicate that the ability to process relations may be the mechanism underlying the relation. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Bridging technology and clinical practice: innovating inpatient hyperglycaemia management in non‐critical care settings
Authors: Thabit H. , Hovorka R. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractEmerging evidence shows that suboptimal glycaemic control is associated with increased morbidity and length of stay in hospital. Various guidelines for safe and effective inpatient glycaemic control in the non‐critical care setting have been published. In spite of this, implementation in practice remains limited because of the increasing number of people with diabetes admitted to hospital and staff work burden. The use of technology in the outpatient setting has led to improved glycaemic outcomes and quality of life for people with diabetes. There remains an unmet need for technology utilisation in inpatient hyperglycaemia management in the non‐critical care setting. Novel technologies have the potential to provide benefits in diabetes care in hospital by improving efficacy, safety and efficiency. Rapid analysis of glucose measurements by point‐of‐care devices help facilitate clinical decision‐making and therapy adjustment in the hospital setting. Glucose treatment data integration with computerized glucose management systems underpins the effective use of decision support systems and may streamline clinical staff workflow. Continuous glucose monitoring and automation of insulin delivery through closed‐loop systems may provide a safe and efficacious tool for hospital staff to manage inpatient hyperglycaemia whilst reducing staff workload. This review summarizes the evidence with regard to technological methods to manage inpatient glycaemic control, their limitations and the future outlook, as well as potential strategies by healthcare organizations such as the National Health Service to mediate the adoption, procurement and use of diabetes technologies in the hospital setting.