bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
From Point to Pixel Scale: An Upscaling Approach for In Situ Soil Moisture Measurements
Authors: Greifeneder Felix , Notarnicola Claudia , Bertoldi Giacomo , Niedrist Georg , Wagner Wolfgang 
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas
Soil moisture can be remotely sensed with active radar.
A new method allows spatial upscaling of in situ and remotely sensed data.
A machine learning based method is used for soil moisture retrieval.
Given the high spatial variability of soil moisture content (SMC), direct comparison and integration of observations from different sources and measurement scales is becoming a major challenge. We have developed a spatial upscaling method for SMC that enables the direct combination of in situ measurements and remotely sensed data. The approach is based on the fact that spatial soil moisture patterns are related to ancillary features like topography, land cover, and soil type. This study used in situ data from a well‐equipped research site in the northern Italian Alps. One of the main goals was to enable the use of these data for the validation of the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) products. Dealing with medium‐ to coarse‐resolution satellite imagery, especially in mountain areas, requires compensating for different measurement scales. The study approach was assessed based on Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) data, which were resampled to reproduce the spatial scale of the SMAP data. Results show that the representativeness of in situ data, with respect to the 3‐ by 3‐km SMAP pixel scale, can be improved significantly—direct correlation between SMC and satellite backscatter was improved from R = 0.05 to 0.28; furthermore, the error of the estimated SMC was improved from RMSE = 0.12 to 0.03 m3 m−3. This leads to more accurate reference data, which can help to improve the retrieval of SMC from remotely sensed imagery.
Solute Transport in Heterogeneous Soil with Time‐Dependent Boundary Conditions
Authors: Cremer Clemens J.M. , Neuweiler Insa , Bechtold Michel , Vanderborght Jan 
Published: June 2016

Core Ideas
Impact of dynamic boundary conditions on solute transport in heterogeneous materials
Identification of transport mechanisms by conductivity function and boundary flux
Predictions using one‐dimensional effective transport models with constant flux
We investigate the effect of dynamic boundary conditions on solute transport in unsaturated, heterogeneous, bimodal porous media. Solute transport is studied with two‐dimensional numerical flow and transport models for scenarios where either (i) solely infiltration or (ii) more realistic dynamic (infiltration–evaporation) boundary conditions are imposed at the soil surface. Travel times of solute are affected by duration and intensity of infiltration and evaporation events even when cycle‐averaged inflow rates of the scenarios are identical. Three main transport mechanisms could be identified based on a criterion for the infiltration rate that is related to the hydraulic conductivity curves of the media. If, based on this criterion, infiltration rates are low, the transport paths for upward and downward transport do not differ significantly, and the breakthrough curves of solute are similar to the one obtained under stationary infiltration. If infiltration rates are moderate, travel paths deviate between upward and downward flow, leading to a trapping of solute and strong tailing of the breakthrough curves. If infiltration and evaporation rates are very high, lateral advective–diffusive transport can lead to very efficient and fast downward transport. Thus, solute breakthrough depends strongly on lateral flow paths enforced by the boundary conditions at the soil surface. If heterogeneity of the materials is not strong and the structure is tortuous, dynamic boundary conditions mainly lead to increased macrodispersion. We test simplified upscaled transport models based on stationary flow rates to estimate breakthrough curves and demonstrate how the transport mechanisms are captured in the model parameters.
Un desafío al contextualismo epistémico
Authors: Vilaró Ignacio 
Published: June 2016

Una teoría de las oraciones de adscripción de conocimiento debe lidiar con el desafío escéptico cartesiano. El Contextualismo Epistémico ofrece una manera atractiva de hacerlo, lo que se considera una de sus virtudes principales. Pero, una vez que uno comienza a pedir más claridad sobre cómo se supone que funciona la estrategia, no tardan en aparecer los problemas. Recuerdo muy brevemente algunas versiones no promisorias del Contextualismo, ya reseñadas por Keith DeRose, y luego presento su propia versión del Contextualismo, diseñada para superar las dificultades de estas últimas. Ofrezco razones para pensar que, en último término, DeRose tampoco logra enfrentar satisfactoriamente dichos problemas. El simpatizante del Contextualismo nos debe una explicación de cómo se supone que debemos implementar su estrategia anti-escéptica.
Función y papel del contrato en el Fundamento del Derecho natural de Fichte (1796): las aporías del contractualismo fichteano
Authors: Augier Felipe Schwember 
Published: June 2016

Fichte emplea profusamente diferentes versiones del contrato social a la hora de elaborar su doctrina del derecho en el Fundamento del Derecho natural (1796). Este uso, que parece seguir una lógica estratégica propia del hobbesianismo, parece estar reñido con la lógica altruista empleada en la primera parte de la obra en que se deduce el concepto de derecho a partir del reconocimiento recíproco. Aquí se intentará demostrar que no existe un quiebre entre la deducción del derecho y su aplicación sistemática y que el móvil de la autoconservación y el uso del contrato son en principio compatibles con la deducción del derecho como disciplina técnico-practica realizada por Fichte. Se argüirá, empero, que el uso del contrato social como herramienta para desarrollar una doctrina material del derecho resulta problemática, no por los motivos que se supone se le debe atribuir a los agentes, sino por la brecha que dicho uso abre entre las presuposiciones metódicas de la obra y sus pretensiones normativas.
La prudencia en Aristóteles: una héxis praktikè
Authors: Araiza Jesús Manuel 
Published: June 2016

Según la definición aristotélica de EN VI (1140b20), la phrónēsis es una héxis práctica, verdadera, acompañada de razón y se refiere a los bienes humanos. El presente ensayo se propone responder una doble pregunta: qué es una disposición habitual (héxis) y por qué la phrónēsis es una especie de héxis. La respuesta se encuentra, en parte, en Metafísica Delta 20 y 23 y en parte en Categorías 8. Esta investigación es solo el punto de partida de una pregunta más amplia que se busca responder en un momento ulterior: ¿cuál es la relación entre prudencia y verdad? Y ¿por qué la phrónēsis es siempre verdadera, tal como siempre son verdaderos la ciencia, el arte, la sabiduría y la virtud?
Notas Sobre Florestas no Brasil da Primeira República: Silvicultura, Preservação da Natureza e Agricultura
Authors: Meira Roberta Barros , Carelli Mariluci Neis 
Published: June 2016

Este artigo se propõe a discutir os argumentos em prol da silvicultura e da preservação das florestas brasileiras - culminando na organização do Serviço Florestal durante a Primeira República. O presente artigo também visa analisar as preocupações com as mudanças climáticas. A análise que se segue desdobra-se no pensamento de acadêmicos, literatos, agricultores e estadistas baseados em uma documentação que envolve o Ministério da Agricultura, crônicas, revistas científicas e periódicos agrícolas. Nessa análise busca-se perceber como tais atores pensavam a proteção à natureza. Enfim, privilegia-se uma perspectiva teórica fundada na História Ambiental, sintonizando o trabalho com questões econômicas, políticas e culturais.Palavras chave: Patrimônio Natural; Agricultura; Silvicultura; Mudanças Climáticas.
Transdermal Buprenorphine Relieves Neuropathic Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel-Group, Placebo-Controlled Trial in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Authors: Simpson Richard W. , Wlodarczyk John H. 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transdermal buprenorphine in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial enrolled patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and stable glycemic control who had been experiencing moderate to severe DPNP for at least 6 months on maximal tolerated conventional therapy. Patients were randomly assigned to receive buprenorphine (5 μg/h) or placebo patches. The dose was titrated to effect to a maximum of 40 μg/h. Paracetamol was available as rescue analgesia. The severity of pain and other symptoms of DPNP were assessed daily in a patient diary and at clinic visits.

RESULTS
One hundred eight-six patients were enrolled, with 93 randomized to either buprenorphine or placebo. A high proportion of patients did not complete the study (buprenorphine 37 of 93, placebo 24 of 93). The main reason for premature withdrawal in the buprenorphine group was adverse events commonly due to untreated nausea and/or vomiting. Among the per-protocol population, more patients in the buprenorphine group (86.3%) experienced a 30% reduction in average versus baseline pain at week 12 than those in the placebo group (56.6%, P &lt; 0.001). A nonsignificant trend favored the buprenorphine group within the intention-to-treat analysis of the same end point (51.7% vs. 41.3%, P = 0.175).

CONCLUSIONS
Transdermal buprenorphine, when tolerated, is an effective therapy for DPNP and provides another option to manage this challenging painful condition. Nausea and constipation need to be managed proactively to optimize treatment outcomes.
Endoscopic treatment of suprasellar cysts without hydrocephalus
Authors: Gui Song-Bai , Yu Sheng-Yuan , Cao Lei , Bai Ji-wei , Wang Xin-Sheng , Li Chu-Zhong , Zhang Ya-Zhuo 
Published: June 2016

OBJECTIVE
At present, endoscopic treatment is advised as the first procedure in cases of suprasellar arachnoid cysts (SSCs) with hydrocephalus. However, the appropriate therapy for SSCs without hydrocephalus has not been fully determined yet because such cases are very rare and because it is usually difficult to perform the neuroendoscopic procedure in patients without ventriculomegaly given difficulties with ventricular cannulation and the narrow foramen of Monro. The purpose of this study was to find out the value of navigation-guided neuroendoscopic ventriculocystocisternostomy (VCC) for SSCs without lateral ventriculomegaly.

METHODS
Five consecutive patients with SSC without hydrocephalus were surgically treated using endoscopic fenestration (VCC) guided by navigation between March 2014 and November 2015. The surgical technique, success rate, and patient outcomes were assessed and compared with those from hydrocephalic patients managed in a similar fashion.

RESULTS
The small ventricles were successfully cannulated using navigational tracking, and the VCC was accomplished in all patients. There were no operative complications related to the endoscopic procedure. In all patients the SSC decreased in size and symptoms improved postoperatively (mean follow-up 10.4 months).

CONCLUSIONS
Endoscopic VCC can be performed as an effective, safe, and simple treatment option by using intraoperative image-based neuronavigation in SSC patients without hydrocephalus. The image-guided neuroendoscopic procedure improved the accuracy of the endoscopic approach and minimized brain trauma. The absence of hydrocephalus in patients with SSC may not be a contraindication to endoscopic treatment.
Most Compositae (Asteraceae) are descendants of a paleohexaploid and all share a paleotetraploid ancestor with the Calyceraceae
Authors: Barker Michael S. , Li Zheng , Kidder Thomas I. , Reardon Chris R. , Lai Zhao , Oliveira Luiz O. , Scascitelli Moira , Rieseberg Loren H. 
Published: June 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Like many other flowering plants, members of the Compositae (Asteraceae) have a polyploid ancestry. Previous analyses found evidence for an ancient duplication or possibly triplication in the early evolutionary history of the family. We sought to better place this paleopolyploidy in the phylogeny and assess its nature.METHODS:We sequenced new transcriptomes for Barnadesia, the lineage sister to all other Compositae, and four representatives of closely related families. Using a recently developed algorithm, MAPS, we analyzed nuclear gene family phylogenies for evidence of paleopolyploidy.KEY RESULTS:We found that the previously recognized Compositae paleopolyploidy is also in the ancestry of the Calyceraceae. Our phylogenomic analyses uncovered evidence for a successive second round of genome duplication among all sampled Compositae except Barnadesia.CONCLUSIONS:Our analyses of new samples with new tools provide a revised view of paleopolyploidy in the Compositae. Together with results from a high density Lactuca linkage map, our results suggest that the Compositae and Calyceraceae have a common paleotetraploid ancestor and that most Compositae are descendants of a paleohexaploid. Although paleohexaploids have been previously identified, this is the first example where the paleotetraploid and paleohexaploid lineages have survived over tens of millions of years. The complex polyploidy in the ancestry of the Compositae and Calyceraceae represents a unique opportunity to study the long‐term evolutionary fates and consequences of different ploidal levels.
CIRCUMSTELLAR AND EXPLOSION PROPERTIES OF TYPE Ibn SUPERNOVAE
Authors: Moriya Takashi J. , Maeda Keiichi 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We investigate circumstellar and explosion properties of Type Ibn supernovae (SNe) by analyzing their bolometric light curves (LCs). Bolometric LCs of SNe Ibn generally have a large contrast between peak luminosity and late-phase luminosity, which is much larger than those of 56Ni-powered SNe. Thus, most of them are likely powered by the interaction between SN ejecta and dense circumstellar media. In addition, SNe Ibn decline much faster than SNe IIn, and this indicates that the interaction in SNe Ibn ceases earlier than in SNe IIn. Thus, we argue that SN Ibn progenitors experience high mass-loss rates in a short period just before explosion, while SN IIn progenitors have high mass-loss rates sustained for a long time. Furthermore, we show that rise time and peak luminosity of SNe Ibn and IIn are similar and thus, they have similar explosion properties and circumstellar density. The similar circumstellar density in the two kinds of SNe may indicate that mass-loss rates of SN Ibn progenitors are generally higher than those of Type IIn as the wind velocities inferred from narrow spectral components are generally higher in SNe Ibn. We also show that

mass and explosion energy of SNe Ibn may be smaller than those of other stripped-envelope SNe, probably because they tend to suffer large fallback or some of them may not even be terminal stellar explosions.
AMENDED RESULTS FOR HARD X-RAY EMISSION BY NON-THERMAL THICK TARGET RECOMBINATION IN SOLAR FLARES
Authors: Reep J. W. , Brown J. C. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Brown & Mallik and the corresponding corrigendum Brown et al. presented expressions for non-thermal recombination (NTR) in the collisionally thin- and thick-target regimes, claiming that the process could account for a substantial part of the hard X-ray continuum in solar flares usually attributed entirely to thermal and non-thermal bremsstrahlung (NTB). However, we have found the thick-target expression to become unphysical for low cut-offs in the injected electron energy spectrum. We trace this to an error in the derivation, derive a corrected version that is real-valued and continuous for all photon energies and cut-offs, and show that, for thick targets, Brown et al. overestimated NTR emission at small photon energies. The regime of small cut-offs and large spectral indices involve large (reducing) correction factors but in some other thick-target parameter regimes NTR/NTB can still be of the order of unity. We comment on the importance of these results to flare and microflare modeling and spectral fitting. An empirical fit to our results shows that the peak NTR contribution comprises over half of the hard X-ray signal if

.
ARE IRIS BOMBS CONNECTED TO ELLERMAN BOMBS?
Authors: Tian Hui , Xu Zhi , He Jiansen , Madsen Chad 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
Recent observations by the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS) have revealed pockets of hot gas (∼2–8 × 104 K) potentially resulting from magnetic reconnection in the partially ionized lower solar atmosphere (IRIS bombs; IBs). Using joint observations between IRIS and the Chinese New Vacuum Solar Telescope, we have identified 10 IBs. We find that 3 are unambiguously and 3 others are possibly connected to Ellerman bombs (EBs), which show intense brightening of the extended

wings without leaving an obvious signature in the

core. These bombs generally reveal the following distinct properties: (1) the O iv 1401.156 Å and 1399.774 Å lines are absent or very weak; (2) the Mn i 2795.640 Å line manifests as an absorption feature superimposed on the greatly enhanced Mg ii k line wing; (3) the Mg ii k and h lines show intense brightening in the wings and no dramatic enhancement in the cores; (4) chromospheric absorption lines such as Ni ii 1393.330 Å and 1335.203 Å are very strong; and (5) the 1700 Å images obtained with the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory reveal intense and compact brightenings. These properties support the formation of these bombs in the photosphere, demonstrating that EBs can be heated much more efficiently than previously thought. We also demonstrate that the Mg ii k and h lines can be used to investigate EBs similarly to

, which opens a promising new window for EB studies. The remaining four IBs obviously have no connection to EBs and they do not have the properties mentioned above, suggesting a higher formation layer, possibly in the chromosphere.
ENERGY DISSIPATION OF ENERGETIC ELECTRONS IN THE INHOMOGENEOUS INTERGALACTIC MEDIUM DURING THE EPOCH OF REIONIZATION
Authors: Kaurov Alexander A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
We explore a time-dependent energy dissipation of the energetic electrons in the inhomogeneous intergalactic medium (IGM) during the epoch of cosmic reionization. In addition to the atomic processes, we take into account the inverse Compton (IC) scattering of the electrons on the cosmic microwave background photons, which is the dominant channel of energy loss for electrons with energies above a few MeV. We show that: (1) the effect on the IGM has both local (atomic processes) and non-local (IC radiation) components; (2) the energy distribution between hydrogen and helium ionizations depends on the initial energy of an electron; (3) the local baryon overdensity significantly affects the fractions of energy distributed in each channel; and (4) the relativistic effect of the atomic cross-section becomes important during the epoch of cosmic reionization. We release our code as open source for further modification by the community.
LINE BROADENING AND THE SOLAR OPACITY PROBLEM
Authors: Krief M. , Feigel A. , Gazit D. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
The calculation of line widths constitutes theoretical and computational challenges in the calculation of opacities of hot, dense plasmas. Opacity models use line broadening approximations that are untested at stellar interior conditions. Moreover, calculations of atomic spectra of the Sun indicate a large discrepancy in the K-shell line widths between several atomic codes and the Opacity-Project (OP). In this work, the atomic code STAR is used to study the sensitivity of solar opacities to line broadening. Variations in the solar opacity profile due to an increase of the Stark widths resulting from discrepancies with OP, are compared, in light of the solar opacity problem, with the required opacity variations of the present day Sun, as imposed by helioseismic and neutrino observations. The resulting variation profile is much larger than the discrepancy between different atomic codes, agrees qualitatively with the missing opacity profile, recovers about half of the missing opacity nearby the convection boundary, and has a little effect in the internal regions. Since it is hard to estimate quantitatively the uncertainty in the Stark widths, we show that an increase of all line widths by a factor of about ∼100 recovers quantitatively the missing opacity. These results emphasize the possibility that photoexcitation processes are not modeled properly, and more specifically, highlight the need for a better theoretical characterization of the line broadening phenomena at stellar interior conditions, and of the uncertainty due to the way it is implemented by atomic codes.
UNEXPECTED SERIES OF REGULAR FREQUENCY SPACING OF δ SCUTI STARS IN THE NON-ASYMPTOTIC REGIME. II. SAMPLE–ECHELLE DIAGRAMS AND ROTATION
Authors: Paparó M. , Benkő J. M. , Hareter M. , Guzik J. A. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT
A sequence search method was developed for searching for regular frequency spacing in δ Scuti stars by visual inspection (VI) and algorithmic search. The sample contains 90 δ Scuti stars observed by CoRoT. An example is given to represent the VI. The algorithm (SSA) is described in detail. The data treatment of the CoRoT light curves, the criteria for frequency filtering, and the spacings derived by two methods (i.e., three approaches: VI, SSA, and FT) are given for each target. Echelle diagrams are presented for 77 targets for which at least one sequence of regular spacing was identified. Comparing the spacing and the shifts between pairs of echelle ridges revealed that at least one pair of echelle ridges is shifted to midway between the spacing for 22 stars. The estimated rotational frequencies compared to the shifts revealed rotationally split doublets, triplets, and multiplets not only for single frequencies, but for the complete echelle ridges in 31 δ Scuti stars. Using several possible assumptions for the origin of the spacings, we derived the large separation (

) that are distributed along the mean density versus large separations relation derived from stellar models.
Le conseil vu comme une chasse au trésor
Authors: Fassbind-Kech Liselotte , Dewarat Maryse 
Published: June 2016

Dans cet article Liselotte Fassbind-Kech présente ce qu’est le conseil, en particulier le conseil en Analyse Transactionnelle et nous entraîne dans une chasse au trésor. La carte pour découvrir ces richesses est l’axe du temps. Nous nous déplaçons, de la naissance et même avant, jusqu’à la mort et même après suivant les croyances des clients. Mais quels sont ces Eldorados ? Contrairement aux chasses aux trésors de notre enfance où les cassettes étaient cachées dans la nature, ici les magots sont en nous. Nous avons des ressources souvent méconnues et le travail du conseiller est de servir de guide pour découvrir ce capital. Liselotte Fassbind-Kech dresse une liste de ces choses précieuses, celles du passé, du présent et du futur. Elle partage avec nous des exemples sortis de sa malle à trésors personnelle ainsi que son enthousiasme à la recherche de cette manne que sont les ressources enfouies en nous. F.H
France Brécard, prix Raymond Hostie 2016
Authors: Brécard France 
Published: June 2016

Le prix Raymond Hostie 2016 a été attribué à l’article de France Brécard, « La lutte avec nos démons : pourquoi nous n’écrivons pas… plus » (Actualités en Analyse Transactionnelle, N° 146, avril 2014, p. 44-54). Dans son discours de réception, la lauréate nous parle de son chemin vers l’écriture. Je vous laisse découvrir Louise, Germaine, et tous les autres qui ont compté pour elle. Merci France pour l’humour, l’authenticité et la vitalité qui traversent chacun de tes écrits. C.F.