bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Volunteers and Active Reserve for the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic
Authors: Sopóci Milan , Walancik Marek 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The article deals with settlement of Armed Forces in connection with voluntary and compulsory military service in history and present days too. It shows on new tasks of Armed Forces and possibilities their solution with utilization of volunteers and active reserve. The contribution designs a certain way for their preparation, training and service. On the other hand shows on financial costs for creation and service. In conclusion states that solution is new qualitatively change in optimalization of safety system Slovak republic.
Interoperability Considerations in the Light of Endowment of the Romanian Engineer Armed Forces
Authors: Vladu Mircea , Popa Ioan-Dan 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
During the time he held the chair of United States Secretary of Defense, Donald Rumsfeld argued that it had become fashionable for military strategists to develop and launch increasingly sophisticated concepts, without technical and financial support to implement them. Based on this statement, it was noticed that the same approach was applied by some Romanian military strategists, who have rushed to adopt certain concepts from our counterparts that belong to western countries and implement them in our national legislation without taking into account all the necessary resources (human, financial, technical etc.) for their application. In this respect, one example could be the interoperability and its derivatives, the main focus of the present paper.
Noun phrase constituency in Australian languages: A typological study
Authors: Louagie Dana , Verstraete Jean-Christophe 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article examines whether Australian languages generally lack clear noun phrase structures, as has sometimes been argued in the literature. We break up the notion of NP constituency into a set of concrete typological parameters, and analyse these across a sample of 100 languages, representing a significant portion of diversity on the Australian continent. We show that there is little evidence to support general ideas about the absence of NP structures, and we argue that it makes more sense to typologize languages on the basis of where and how they allow “classic” NP construal, and how this fits into the broader range of construals in the nominal domain.
Bats (Chiroptera) recorded in the lowland of Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia with notes on taxonomic status and significant range extensions
Authors: Wiantoro Sigit , Hitch Alan T. , Engilis Irene E. , Gunawan Hendra , Engilis Andrew 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper reports on a bat survey conducted in November 2011 in Mangolo Nature Park and Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park, both lowland forests located in Southeast Sulawesi. We recorded 22 species of bats that represents nearly 1/3 of the total bat species known to occur on Sulawesi. Three of these are endemic to Sulawesi and adjacent islands, whereas one species, Myotis cf. ridleyi was identified as a new distributional record for this island and with further investigation could prove to be an undescribed species. Our record of Chironax melanocephalus tumulus provided a range extension to the southeastern arm of Sulawesi. Two specimens of Hipposideros boeadii were topotypes and represent the first collections after the description of the type specimen. Collections of Rhinolophus arcuatus from this survey were only the second record of this species from island and represent a range extension. Specimens of Megaderma spasma celebensis were the first records of this species from Southeast Sulawesi. Species are discussed individually with external, cranial and dental measurements summarized. Based on this survey, the number of bat species now documented from the lowlands of Southeast Sulawesi represents the highest diversity yet recorded from a site on Sulawesi. This region is therefore a high priority for conservation and a hotspot for bat research in Indonesia, especially Sulawesi.
Medicolegal implications of surgical errors and complications in neck surgery: A review based on the Italian current legislation
Authors: Polistena Andrea , Di Lorenzo Pierpaolo , Sanguinetti Alessandro , Buccelli Claudio , Conzo Giovanni , Conti Adelaide , Niola Massimo , Avenia Nicola 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Aim of the present paper is the review of the principal complications associated to endocrine neck surgery considering how expertise, full adoption of guidelines, appropriate technology and proper informed consent may limit the medicolegal claims at the light of the incoming new regulation of the medical professional legal responsibility. A literature search, using the Medline/PubMed database for full-length papers, was used. Postoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy and hypoparathy-roidism remain the principal causes of surgical malpractice claims . In the procedure of neck lymphadenctomy intra-operative haemorrhage, thoracic duct injury, injuries to loco-regional nerves can be observed and can be source of claims. After many years of increased medicolegal litigations, the Italian government is proposing a drastic change in the regulations of supposed medical malpractice in order to guarantee the patient’s right to a safe treatment and in the meantime to defend clinicians from often unmotivated and prejudicial legal cases. Surgical errors and complications in neck surgery are a relevant clinical issue. Only the combination of surgical and clinical expertise, application of guidelines, appropriate technology and a routinely use of specific informed consent can contain potential medicolegal implications.
Donation of the body for scientific purposes in Italy: ethical and medico-legal considerations
Authors: Bin Paola , Delbon Paola , Piras Mauro , Paternoster Mariano , Di Lorenzo Pierpaolo , Conti Adelaide 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
In recent years in Italy (and in the other European Countries) a new debated topic involves anatomists and the scientific world: donation of the body after death for scientific purposes. The aim of our analysis is to analyze the issue of voluntary body donation in Italy focusing first of all, on key principles of the disciplines of donation. Considering the rise of exhibitions and events in which death is spectacularized, the debate is focus on will, on respect and overall on the purpose for which the body is donated. Anatomical dissection is considered necessary in the direct learning of the human body, of surgical practices and new scientific techniques but the scarcity of programmes and regulations regarding the donation of bodies for study and research make it an uncommon practice. After discussing what are the constitutional principles underlying the issue we want to emphasize the need of a more effective and updated regulation to set limits and methods of a practice still essential for scientific progress.
Levinas and the Ambivalence of Recognition
Authors: Pöykkö Panu-Matti 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper argues that Emmanuel Levinas’ critique of the “ontological imperialism” does
not amount to a perfunctory and rejective attitude towards ontology. Against the commonly held
interpretation of Levinas, I argue that if we keep in mind that the understanding of the other is grounded
on and determined by ethical recognition of the person, ontological recognition of the other person does
not necessarily entail violent relation towards of the other person. Moreover, ethical recognition provides
a standard of evaluation for ontological recognition and traditional theological discourse. The distinction
between the two forms of recognition is essential to Levinas’ account of “religious life”. The two forms of
recognition are nevertheless interconnected, if not reducible to one another. It is only when we lose sight
of the fundamental ethical perspective that the ontological recognition is in danger of becoming violent
and repressive.
Identification of point mutations in exon 2 of GDF9 gene in Kermani sheep
Authors: Khodabakhshzadeh R. , Mohammadabadi M.R. , Esmailizadeh A.K. , Moradi Shahrebabak H. , Bordbar F. , Ansari Namin S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Screening the fertile ewes from national herds to detect the major genes for prolificacy is an effective way to create the fertile flocks. Growth differentiation factor (GDF) 9 is a member of the transforming growth factor β superfamily that is essential for folliculogenesis and female fertility. The aim of this study was to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in exon 2 of GDF9 gene in Kermani sheep breed using PCR-SSCP. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood of collected samples using salting-out method. Whole exon 2 of GDF9 gene was amplified (634 bp and 647 bp fragments) using designed specific primers. The single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) patterns of PCR products were studied using electrophoresis on acrylamide gel and silver-nitrate staining method. Finally, 4 banding patterns for the first primer pair and 4 banding patterns for the second primer pair were obtained. Also, indices of population genetic per SNP were calculated using Gen Alex 6.41 software. The sequencing results showed the presence of 3 mutations (SNP) (443, 477 and 721 positions) in the studied population.
Occurence of Bordetella bronchiseptica in domestic cats with upper respiratory tract infections
Authors: Garbal M. , Adaszek Ł. , Łyp P. , Frymus J. , Winiarczyk M. , Winiarczyk S. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a widespread Gram-negative pathogen occurring in different mammal species. It is known to play a role in the etiology of infectious atrophic rhinitis of swine, canine kennel cough, respiratory syndromes of cats, rabbits and guinea pigs, and sporadic human cases have also been reported. The aim of this article is to present the occurrence of infections caused by these bacteria in domestic cats with respiratory symptoms, as well as to conduct a molecular analysis of the flaA gene B. bronchiseptica for the purpose of ascertaining whether cats become infected with one or more bacteria strains. B. bronchiseptica was isolated from the respiratory system of 16 out of 35 domestic cats with symptoms of respiratory tract infections. Polymorphism analysis of polymerase chain reaction products of B. bronchiseptica flaA was performed to reveal the possible differences in nucleotide sequences of the flagellin gene.
The phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences obtained during PCR indicated that the isolates of bacteria from our own studies are characterised by 100% homology of the analysed fragment of the flaA gene, which suggests maintenance of a single genotype of these microorganisms in the cat population. Moreover, the bacteria revealed full homology with reference strain B. bronchiseptica ATCC 4617, and 99.4% homology with strain B. parapertussis ATCC 15311. This indicates that the PCR optimised for the Bordetella spp. flaA gene, combined with sequencing of amplicons obtained in PCR, is an effective diagnostic method allowing differentiation of Bordetella spp. type microorganisms.
Practical aspects of estimation of optimal time for vaccination of chicken against IBD with use of „Deventer formula”
Authors: Śmiałek M. , Śmiałek A. , Koncicki A. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
One of the most commonly applied vaccination strategies against chicken infectious bursal disease (IBD) is the use of live vaccines at the optimal time estimated with the use of Deventer formula. The present study investigated the impact of different factors on maternally derived antibodies decline and therefore on the vaccination schedule against IBD. Our results suggest that blood collection from birds older than 3 days is more reliable in order to estimate the optimal date for IBD vaccination, due to disturbances in yolk sac resorption early after hatch.
Serum malondialdehyde level and activity of total antioxidant status of dogs with age-related cataract
Authors: Madany J. 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Study objective: determination of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and total antioxidant status (TAS) in the serum of dogs with age-related cataract.
Material and methods: Forty dogs, 10-16 years of age, which were diagnosed with age-related cataract were examined. The control group consisted of 12 dogs, 8-13 years of age, without cataract. MDA was determined using a Perkin-Elmer LS 30 luminescence spectrometer using the method with thiobarbituric acid (TBA). TAS was determined using the colorimetric method with a set of Randox Total Antioxidant Status reagents.
Results: The results show a higher level of MDA with statistically significant difference and lower activity of TAS in the serum of dogs with age-related cataract.
Conclusions: The results obtained indicate higher systemic lipid peroxidation and weakening of the general defense system in dogs with age-related cataract. These results suggest that such conditions may have an effect on the development of age-related cataract and are consistent with the theory of free radical age-related cataract development.
Pointer Years in Tree-Ring Width of European Ash with Different Crown Condition and Their Relationships with Climatic Factors in Latvia
Authors: Matisons Roberts , Inohosa Linda Gerra , Laiviņš Māris 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The effect of climatic factors on tree-ring width (TRW) of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) with healthy and damaged crowns growing in the central and eastern part of Latvia was assessed by dendrochronological techniques. Pointer year indices were calculated to assess the variability of TRW. Positive pointer years were more frequent than negative, similarly for damaged and healthy trees, suggesting similar limiting factors. The relationships between TRW and climatic factors differed regionally and locally. In the eastern part of Latvia, TRW was affected by temperature in spring of current and preceding years. In the central part of Latvia, weather conditions in current and preceding summer mainly affected TRW; temperature and precipitation had positive effect suggesting occurrence of water deficit, but the daily range of temperature had a negative effect. Hence, regional diversification of radial growth patterns might be expected. Some differences in sensitivity to climate were observed between the damaged and healthy trees. In the central part of Latvia, the damaged trees appeared additionally sensitive to temperature in summer. In the eastern part of Latvia, damaged trees were additionally sensitive to temperature in May. Nevertheless, some additional factors were significant for the healthy trees.
Mineral Nutrition of Young Ash in Latvia
Authors: Čekstere Gunta , Osvalde Anita , Laiviņš Māris 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The research objectives were: 1) to determine healthy young ash supply with nutrients and their concentrations in natural growth conditions; 2) to estimate nutrient balance and inter-correlations within a system “soil-plants”; and 3) to determine the potential effect of environmental conditions (forest type, plant phytosociological group, soil group, etc.) on nutrient accumulation in soil and leaves of young ash. The investigation was conducted in 28 different forest sites with young ash in Latvia. The results demonstrated that young ash grows well on a wide range of site types in terms of soil composition, forest type and phytosociological tree group. Although highly heterogeneous, soil in ash stands in Latvia can provide a sufficient supply of nutrients. Therefore, the nutrient status of healthy young ash leaves can be characterized as sufficient, although low levels of P, Zn, and K in leaves was found for most sites. Significant impact of soil group and forest type was found on nutrient composition of ash soil, while leaf nutrient concentrations were more dependent on the forest type and phytosociological tree group. The obtained results confirmed the ability of ash to accumulate nutrients within a certain range from soils of different fertility, organic matter content and soil reaction in Latvia.
Attributes of natural and synthetic materials pertaining to slow-release urea coating industry
Authors: Naz Muhammad Yasin , Sulaiman Shaharin Anwar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUrea is one of the spirited input materials for plant growth. However, more than half of conventional urea applied to the soil may not reach the plants and be washed off by rain and irrigation water. The high lost proportion results not only in economic losses but also in environmental pollution. Alleviation in cost and nitrogen pollution is possible by mitigating the nitrogen release rate and synchronizing it with the plant’s need. A wide range of synthetic and natural materials are being tested for production of slow-release fertilizers. Each one of these materials has its own merits, with accompanying disadvantages. This study critically reviews the most featured natural and synthetic materials pertaining to the slow-release urea industry. The focused review was aimed at elaborating the benefits and limitations of polymeric and nonpolymeric coating materials, release mechanism of conventional and coated urea, methods to characterize the coated urea, slow-release characteristics imparted by a coating to the coated urea, and release patterns of conventional and coated urea. This discussion was further extended to commercially available coatings and slow-release potential of superabsorbent, urethane, and starch-based coatings.
Optimization of glucoamylase production by Mucor indicus, Mucor hiemalis, and Rhizopus oryzae through solid state fermentation / Mucor indicus, Mucor hiemalis, ve Rhizopus oryzae tarafından üretien glukoamilazın katı hal fermantasyonu ile optimizasyonu
Authors: Behnam Sanaz , Karimi Keikhosro , Khanahmadi Morteza , Salimian Zahra 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Objective: Glucoamylase is a hydrolyzing enzyme with several industrial applications. Glucoamylase was produced via a solid state fermentation by three naturally occurring zygomycetes fungi of Mucor indicus, Mucor hiemalis, and Rhizopus oryzae on wheat bran.
Methods: The effects of cultivation temperature, medium moisture content, and cultivation time on the enzyme production were investigated. Experiments were designed with an orthogonal central composite design on the three variables using response surface methodology (RSM).
Results: For glucoamylase production, the optimum temperature and medium moisture content for the three fungi were 26.6°C and 71.8%, respectively. The optimum cultivation time for M. hiemalis and R. oryzae was 33.1 h, while it was 66.8 h for M. indicus. At optimum conditions, glucoamylase production by M. indicus, M. hiemalis, and R. oryzae was respectively 255.3, 272.3, and 1545.3 U per g dry substrate.
Conclusion: R. oryzae is a suitable candidate for industrial production of glucoamylase.
miR‐132 loss de‐represses ITPKB and aggravates amyloid and TAU pathology in Alzheimer's brain
Authors: Salta Evgenia , Sierksma Annerieke , Vanden Eynden Elke , De Strooper Bart 
Published: August 2016

AbstractmicroRNA‐132 (miR‐132) is involved in prosurvival, anti‐inflammatory and memory‐promoting functions in the nervous system and has been found consistently downregulated in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Whether and how miR‐132 deficiency impacts AD pathology remains, however, unaddressed. We show here that miR‐132 loss exacerbates both amyloid and TAU pathology via inositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate 3‐kinase B (ITPKB) upregulation in an AD mouse model. This leads to increased ERK1/2 and BACE1 activity and elevated TAU phosphorylation. We confirm downregulation of miR‐132 and upregulation of ITPKB in three distinct human AD patient cohorts, indicating the pathological relevance of this pathway in AD.
BMP2, 4 and 6 and BMPR1B are altered from early stages of bovine cystic ovarian disease development
Authors: Díaz Pablo U , Hein Gustavo J , Belotti Eduardo M , Rodríguez Fernanda M , Rey Florencia , Amweg Ayelén N , Matiller Valentina , Baravalle María E , Ortega Hugo H , Salvetti Natalia R 
Published: August 2016

Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is an important cause of subfertility in dairy cattle. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), mainly BMP2, BMP4 and BMP6, play a key role in female fertility. In this study, we hypothesized that an altered BMP system is associated with ovarian alterations contributing to COD pathogenesis. Therefore, we examined the expression of BMP2, BMP4 and BMP6 and BMP receptor 1B (BMPR1B) in the ovaries of animals with spontaneous or ACTH-induced COD, as well as during the development of the disease, in a model of follicular persistence induced by low doses of progesterone (at 5, 10 and 15 days of follicular persistence). Results showed changes in BMP2, BMP4 and BMP6 expression during folliculogenesis, in granulosa and theca cells in the COD groups, as well as at different stages of follicular persistence. Results also showed changes in BMPR1B expression in developing follicles in animals with COD, and at the initial stages of follicular persistence (P5). Comparison between groups showed significant differences, mainly in BMP4 and BMP6 expression, in granulosa and theca cells of different follicular categories. The expression of these BMPs also increased in cystic and persistent follicles, in relation to antral follicles of the control group. BMPR1B showed high expression in cystic follicles. Together, these results may indicate an alteration in BMPs, especially in BMP4 and BMP6, as well as in BMPR1B, which occurs early in folliculogenesis and incipiently during the development of COD, which could be a major cause of recurrence of this disease in cattle.
Free Spanish abstract: A Spanish translation of this abstract is freely available at http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/152/4/333.abstract.