bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI PENGAWAS PENINGKATAN KUALITAS PROSES PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI MGMP
Authors: Tin Sarmini  
Published: September 2024

Dalam konteks pembangunan nasional mempunyai fungsi: (1) pemersatu bangsa, (2) penyamaan kesempatan, dan (3) pengembangan potensi diri. Pendidikan diharapkan dapat memperkuat keutuhan bangsa dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia (Anonimous, 2010:56). Dunia Pendidikan Nasional Indonesia adalah pendidikan yang berdasarkan Pancasila dan Undang-Undang Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945 yang berakar pada nilai-nilai agama, kebudayaan Nasional Indonesia dan tanggap terhadap tuntutan perubahan zaman (F. Aziez, 2010:166). Dalam Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP), berdasarkan UU RI No. 20 Tahun 2003, Pendidikan Nasional berfungsi mengembangkan dan membentuk waktu serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa (Masnur Muslich, 2009:1). Peranan guru menjadi penentu atau kunci keberhasilan dalam misi pendidikan dan pembelajaran di sekolah serta harus bertanggung jawab untuk mengatur, mengarahkan dan menciptakan suasana proses pembelajaran yang kondusif yang mendorong peserta didik untuk melaksanakan kegiatan proses pembelajaran di kelas.Yang terjadi di lapangan banyak kita jumpai gaya mengajar guru belum memanfaatkan kemampuannya secara maksimal, sehingga proses pembelajaran kurang efektif. Guru yang mengajar saat ini cenderung kurang bervariasi dalam mengajar, latihan yang diberikan kepada peserta didik kurang bermakna, dan umpan balik serta koreksi dari guru jarang diterapkan. Mata pelajaran yang harus dikuasai oleh para peserta didik pada jenjang proses pemebelajaran SMA/SMK Kota Jambi. Mata pelajaran agama memilki fungsi sebagai media untuk membentuk karakter dan moralitas siswa agar mampu menjadikan kepibadian yang lebih baik, lebih bermakna dalam dalam kehidupan, untuk menciptakan jatidirinya sehingga dapat menjalankan nilai-nilai nuansa beragama yang lebih maju dalam menjalankan kehidudpan, baik terhadap Tuhan maupun menciptakan iklim hubungan interaksi herizontal dengan sesama manausia. Guru yang profesional yang mengampu mata pelajaan agama cukup signifikan dalam mencari model atau strategi yang lebih tepat dalam melaksanakan proses pembelajaran yang PAKEM (Pembelajan Aktif Kreatif fektif dan Menyenangknan) supaya tercapai tujuan pembelajaran sesuai dengan yang diharapkan.
L’État défaillant au regard des exigences relatives à l’État de droit en droit international
Authors: Djeri Oukaté Namon 
Published: September 2024

Dans la présente étude, il est soutenu que l’existence de certaines exigences minimales de l’État de droit caractérise tout « État normal ». Ce sens restrictif de l’État de droit repose sur la capacité de tout « État normal » à prévenir et à punir les violations graves du droit objectif, notamment à prévenir les crimes de masse et à en assurer la répression en cas de violation grave. Il est donc question de l’effectivité de l’ordre juridique de l’État. En ce sens, Kelsen comme Kant assimilaient déjà l’État au droit, à un ordre de contrainte. Les États dans lesquels l’anarchie règne à la place du droit sont ainsi considérés comme des États défaillants, ce qui nécessiterait une réponse adaptée de la communauté internationale. Cette approche de l’État défaillant a le mérite de recentrer le débat y afférent sur la question de l’effectivité non plus du gouvernement, mais sur celle du droit, même si les deux sont liés.
L’ingénierie judiciaire au service de la protection de l’environnement : le cas des États-Unis et de la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme
Authors: Caussinus Gabrielle , Fafard Théorêt Jesse , Hinchliffe Thibault , Lavallée Gabrièle , Pezet Moïse 
Published: September 2024

Cet article examine l’efficacité des litiges environnementaux en tant qu’outils de protection de l’environnement, en se concentrant sur les États-Unis et la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme. Il met en évidence que l’utilisation exclusive de l’argument de la protection de l’environnement peut échouer en raison du manque de compétences des tribunaux en la matière et de l’absence de dispositions législatives spécifiques. L’article explore ensuite l’approche de « l’ingénierie judiciaire », où des normes législatives non environnementales sont mobilisées pour obtenir des résultats. Bien que cette approche puisse conduire à des victoires ponctuelles, elle présente des limites. L’analyse comparative de ces deux laboratoires juridiques révèle les défis et les opportunités des litiges environnementaux dans un contexte mondial.
Nous écrivons, donc nous existons : identité et mémoire dans le paysage linguistique arménien de Plovdiv
Authors: Selvelli Giustina 
Published: September 2024

Cet article propose un « voyage » à travers le paysage linguistique de la minorité arménienne de Plovdiv, en Bulgarie. Notre questionnement a comme point de départ l’importance de la visibilité de la langue arménienne et de son système d’écriture pour les pratiques identitaires et de mémoire arméniennes dans le contexte multiethnique et multilingue de la ville de Plovdiv. Malgré le fait que cette communauté diasporique soit petite et que la compétence active en arménien soit limitée, la présence de la langue arménienne dans la ville reste visible en raison de la valeur symbolique prestigieuse attribuée à son système d’écriture et de la nécessité de partager la mémoire traumatique du génocide arménien avec un public plus large. Nous analysons ici le paysage linguistique arménien de la ville en observant les monuments officiels, le musée commémorant les victimes du génocide ainsi que le cimetière communautaire local qui montrent l’intérêt des collectivités locales à perpétuer la mémoire collective de la communauté arménienne.
El lenguaje del color. Aplicación de la semiótica del color cinematográfico en las aulas
Authors: Vélez Alina 
Published: September 2024

El color es un elemento del lenguaje audiovisual capaz de transmitir ideas, mensajes y significados. Valorar el color en el cine como recurso educativo multiplica las posibilidades de adquirir conocimientos a través de los medios de comunicación. De este modo, el alumnado aprende a interactuar con las películas, a decodificarlas y a trabajar valores a partir de ellas.
Este artículo defiende la importancia de la alfabetización audiovisual en la educación. Se presentan una serie de medidas didácticas basadas en la semiótica del color aplicada al cine. También se interpreta el significado del uso de los colores en diversos ejemplos cinematográficos y se muestra un catálogo de las combinaciones cromáticas más comunes en las películas, como pueden ser los colores complementarios, discordantes o desaturados. Tras la investigación, se plantean actividades que se pueden adecuar a los distintos niveles educativos. Se muestra así que la función cromática en el cine posee una serie de ventajas como la adaptabilidad pedagógica, la variedad temática en las aulas o la utilidad para la adquisición de un pensamiento crítico.
Dificultades y resistencias de una reforma para des-mercantilizar la educación
Authors: Bellei Cristián 
Published: September 2024

En perspectiva comparada, la educación chilena es un caso extremo de sistema escolar orientado por el mercado;prácticamente todos los instrumentos de política asociados con esta visión han sido aplicados en Chile con particular intensidad, a escala nacional y desde hace décadas. La elevada privatización y segregación social de las escuelas chilenas son dos consecuencias de esta situación. Como respuesta a las demandas de los movimientos estudiantiles de 2006 y 2011, el actual Gobierno ha impulsado una reforma para disminuir la relevancia del mercado en la educación chilena, incluyendo eliminar el subsidio estatal a escuelas con fines de lucro, aumentar la educación gratuita y fortalecer la educación pública. Basándose en un análisis de los debates públicos sostenidos en torno a la reforma, este artículo identifica las fuertes resistencias que ésta enfrenta. El caso chileno muestra así no solo el enorme poder transformador del mercado en educación, sino lo difícil de su reversión dado el debilitamiento del estado que ocasiona.
Evaluating marginal likelihood with thermodynamic integration method and comparison with several other numerical methods
Authors: Liu Peigui , Elshall Ahmed S. , Ye Ming , Beerli Peter , Zeng Xiankui , Lu Dan , Tao Yuezan 
Published: January 2016

AbstractEvaluating marginal likelihood is the most critical and computationally expensive task, when conducting Bayesian model averaging to quantify parametric and model uncertainties. The evaluation is commonly done by using Laplace approximations to evaluate semianalytical expressions of the marginal likelihood or by using Monte Carlo (MC) methods to evaluate arithmetic or harmonic mean of a joint likelihood function. This study introduces a new MC method, i.e., thermodynamic integration, which has not been attempted in environmental modeling. Instead of using samples only from prior parameter space (as in arithmetic mean evaluation) or posterior parameter space (as in harmonic mean evaluation), the thermodynamic integration method uses samples generated gradually from the prior to posterior parameter space. This is done through a path sampling that conducts Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation with different power coefficient values applied to the joint likelihood function. The thermodynamic integration method is evaluated using three analytical functions by comparing the method with two variants of the Laplace approximation method and three MC methods, including the nested sampling method that is recently introduced into environmental modeling. The thermodynamic integration method outperforms the other methods in terms of their accuracy, convergence, and consistency. The thermodynamic integration method is also applied to a synthetic case of groundwater modeling with four alternative models. The application shows that model probabilities obtained using the thermodynamic integration method improves predictive performance of Bayesian model averaging. The thermodynamic integration method is mathematically rigorous, and its MC implementation is computationally general for a wide range of environmental problems.
Multidecadal variations in Southern Hemisphere atmospheric 14C: Evidence against a Southern Ocean sink at the end of the Little Ice Age CO2 anomaly
Authors: Turney Chris S. M. , Palmer Jonathan , Hogg Alan , Fogwill Christopher J. , Jones Richard T. , Bronk Ramsey Christopher , Fenwick Pavla , Grierson Pauline , Wilmshurst Janet , O'Donnell Alison , Thomas Zoë A. , Lipson Mathew 
Published: January 2016

AbstractNorthern Hemisphere‐wide cooling during the Little Ice Age (LIA; 1650–1775 Common Era, C.E.) was associated with a ~5 ppmv decrease in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Changes in terrestrial and ocean carbon reservoirs have been postulated as possible drivers of this relatively large shift in atmospheric CO2, potentially providing insights into the mechanisms and sensitivity of the global carbon cycle. Here we report decadally resolved radiocarbon (14C) levels in a network of tree‐ring series spanning 1700–1950 C.E. located along the northern boundary of, and within, the Southern Ocean. We observe regional dilutions in atmospheric radiocarbon (relative to the Northern Hemisphere) associated with upwelling of 14CO2‐depleted abyssal waters. We find the interhemispheric 14C offset approaches zero during increasing global atmospheric CO2 at the end of the LIA, with reduced ventilation in the Southern Ocean and a Northern Hemisphere source of old carbon (most probably originating from deep Arctic peat layers). The coincidence of the atmospheric CO2 increase and reduction in the interhemispheric 14C offset imply a common climate control. Possible mechanisms of synchronous change in the high latitudes of both hemispheres are discussed.
Longitudinal frequency variation of long‐lasting EMIC Pc1‐Pc2 waves localized in the inner magnetosphere
Authors: Kim K.‐H. , Shiokawa K. , Mann I. R. , Park J.‐S. , Kwon H.‐J. , Hyun K. , Jin H. , Connors M. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLong‐lasting (> 20 h) electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) Pc1‐Pc2 waves were observed by the Athabasca (L =∼ 4.6) induction magnetometer and Canadian Array for Realtime Investigations of Magnetic Activity (L =∼ 4–6) fluxgate magnetometers on 5 April 2007. These waves showed a systematic frequency change with local time, the minimum frequency near dusk, and the maximum frequency near dawn. Assuming the plasmapause as a potential source region of the waves, we estimated the plasmapause location from localized proton enhancement (LPE) events observed at NOAA‐Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites and METOP‐2 satellites. We found that the longitudinal frequency variation of EMIC waves has a clear correlation with the estimated plasmapause location and that the waves are in the frequency band between the equatorial helium and oxygen gyrofrequencies at the estimated plasmapause. With our analysis results we suggest that the LPE events are caused by wave‐particle interaction with the helium band EMIC waves generated near the plasmapause.
Mapping magnetic field lines between the Sun and Earth
Authors: Li B. , Cairns Iver H. , Gosling J. T. , Steward G. , Francis M. , Neudegg D. , Schulte in den Bäumen H. , Player P. R. , Milne A. R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMagnetic field topologies between the Sun and Earth are important for the connectivity to Earth of solar suprathermal particles, e.g., solar energetic particles and beam electrons in type III solar radio bursts. An approach is developed for mapping large‐scale magnetic field lines near the solar equatorial plane, using near‐Earth observations and a solar wind model with nonzero azimuthal magnetic field at the source surface. Unlike Parker's spiral model, which restricts the in‐ecliptic angle ΦB in the Geocentric Solar Ecliptic coordinates to (90°–180°, 270°–360°) and so is unable to predict field configurations for the other ΦB values frequently observed in the solar wind, our approach can account for all the observed ΦB values. A set of predicted maps shows that near both minimal and maximal solar activity the field lines are typically open and that loops with both ends either connected to or disconnected from the Sun are relatively rare. The open field lines, nonetheless, often do not closely follow the Parker spiral, being less or more tightly wound, or strongly azimuthally or radially oriented, or inverted. The time‐varying classes, e.g., bidirectional electrons, of suprathermal electron pitch angle distributions (PADs) at 1 AU are predicted from the mapped field line configurations and compared with Wind observations for two solar rotations, one each near solar minimum and solar maximum. PAD predictions by our approach agree quantitatively (≈90%) with the PAD observations and outperform (by ≈20%) PAD predictions using Parker's model.
Nearshore sandbar rotation at single‐barred embayed beaches
Authors: Blossier B. , Bryan K. R. , Daly C. J. , Winter C. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe location of a shore‐parallel nearshore sandbar derived from 7 years of video imagery data at the single‐barred embayed Tairua Beach (NZ) is investigated to assess the contribution of barline rotation to the overall morphodynamics of sandbars in embayed environments and to characterize the process of rotation in relation to external conditions. Rotation induces cross‐shore barline variations at the embayment extremities on the order of magnitude of those induced by alongshore uniform cross‐shore migration of the bar. Two semiempirical models have been developed to relate the barline cross‐shore migration and rotation to external wave forcing conditions. The rotation model is directly derived from the cross‐shore migration model. Therefore, its formulation advocates for a primary role of cross‐shore processes in the rotation of sandbars at embayed beaches. The orientation evolves toward an equilibrium angle directly related to the alongshore wave energy gradient due to two different mechanisms. Either the bar extremities migrate in opposite directions with no overall cross‐shore bar migration (pivotal rotation) or the rotation relates to an overall migration of the barline which is not uniform along the beach (migration‐driven rotation). Migration and rotation characteristic response times are similar, ranging from 10 to 30 days for mild and energetic wave conditions and above 200 days during very calm conditions or when the bar is located far offshore.
Effects of alongshore morphology on groundwater flow and solute transport in a nearshore aquifer
Authors: Zhang Ying , Li Ling , Erler Dirk V. , Santos Isaac , Lockington David 
Published: January 2016

AbstractVariations of beach morphology in both the cross‐shore and alongshore directions, associated with tidal creeks, are common at natural coasts, as observed at a field site on the east coast of Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Field investigations and three‐dimensional (3‐D) numerical simulations were conducted to study the nearshore groundwater flow and solute transport in such a system. The results show that the beach morphology, combined with tides, induced a significant alongshore flow and modified local pore water circulation and salt transport in the intertidal zone substantially. The bathymetry and hydraulic head of the creek enabled further and more rapid landward intrusion of seawater along the creek than in the aquifer, which created alongshore hydraulic gradient and solute concentration gradient to drive pore water flow and salt transport in the alongshore direction within the aquifer. The effects of the creek led to the formation of a saltwater plume in groundwater at an intermediate depth between fresher water zones on a cross‐shore transect. The 3‐D pore water flow in the nearshore zone was also complicated by the landward hydraulic head condition, resulting in freshwater drainage across the inland section of the creek while seawater infiltrating the seaward section. These results provided new insights into the complexity, intensity, and time scales of mixing among fresh groundwater, recirculating seawater and creek water in three dimensions. The 3‐D characteristics of nearshore pore water flow and solute transport have important implications for studies of submarine groundwater discharge and associated chemical input to the coastal sea, and for evaluation of the beach habitat conditions.
Analytical solution and computer program (FAST) to estimate fluid fluxes from subsurface temperature profiles
Authors: Kurylyk Barret L. , Irvine Dylan J. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThis study details the derivation and application of a new analytical solution to the one‐dimensional, transient conduction‐advection equation that is applied to trace vertical subsurface fluid fluxes. The solution employs a flexible initial condition that allows for nonlinear temperature‐depth profiles, providing a key improvement over most previous solutions. The boundary condition is composed of any number of superimposed step changes in surface temperature, and thus it accommodates intermittent warming and cooling periods due to long‐term changes in climate or land cover. The solution is verified using an established numerical model of coupled groundwater flow and heat transport. A new computer program FAST (Flexible Analytical Solution using Temperature) is also presented to facilitate the inversion of this analytical solution to estimate vertical groundwater flow. The program requires surface temperature history (which can be estimated from historic climate data), subsurface thermal properties, a present‐day temperature‐depth profile, and reasonable initial conditions. FAST is written in the Python computing language and can be run using a free graphical user interface. Herein, we demonstrate the utility of the analytical solution and FAST using measured subsurface temperature and climate data from the Sendia Plain, Japan. Results from these illustrative examples highlight the influence of the chosen initial and boundary conditions on estimated vertical flow rates.
Salt water interface in a layered coastal aquifer: The only published analytic solution is in error
Authors: Strack O. D. L. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe consider the approach applied by Rumer and Shiau (1968) to interface flow in a layered coastal aquifer. The authors match the boundary conditions along the interfaces between layers of different hydraulic conductivities by changing the vertical scale of the layers, which causes violation of the governing equations. In particular, the mass balance equation is not met in each of the transformed layers.
Iodine‐Promoted Domino Reactions of 1‐Cyanocyclopropane 1‐Esters: A Straightforward Approach to Fully Substituted 2‐Aminofurans
Authors: Ye Weijian , Tan Chen , Yao Juan , Xue Shuwen , Li Yang , Wang Cunde 
Published: January 2016

AbstractA straightforward and efficient iodine‐promoted ring‐opening/cyclization domino reaction of 1‐cyanocyclopropane 1‐esters for the synthesis of fully substituted 2‐aminofurans is reported. This reaction involves the sequential ring‐opening/intramolecular cyclization reaction of 1‐cyanocyclopropane 1‐esters to give the corresponding 2‐amino‐4,5‐dihydrofurans, which were oxidized with I2 and Et3N in refluxing toluene to give the corresponding 2‐amino‐3‐furancarboxylates.magnified image
An Unexpected Construction of 2‐Arylquinolines from N‐Cinnamylanilines through sp3 CH Aerobic Oxidation Induced by a Catalytic Radical Cation Salt
Authors: Liu Fang , Yu Liangliang , Lv Shiwei , Yao Junjun , Liu Jing , Jia Xiaodong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn unexpected reaction of cinnamylanilines was achieved through the radical cation salt‐induced aerobic oxidation of sp3 CH bonds, providing a series of 2‐arylquinolines. The mechanistic study shows that the cinnamylaniline was oxidized to an imine, which was attacked by the aniline generated through decomposition of the corresponding imine. After further intramolecular cyclization and aromatization, 2‐arylquinolines were obtained. This reaction provides a new method to construct 2‐arylquinolines from readily accessible starting materials.magnified image
Copper‐Mediated Trifluoromethylthiolation of Heteroaryl Bromides
Authors: Zhang Mengjia , Weng Zhiqiang 
Published: January 2016

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the copper‐mediated trifluoromethylthiolation of heteroaryl bromides has been achieved using the copper complex (bpy)Cu(SCF3) as trifluoromethylthiolating reagent. This procedure provides a straightforward synthetic method for heteroaryl trifluoromethyl sulfides from readily available, simple starting materials. The reaction demonstrates a broad substrate scope and tolerates a wide array of functional groups, including nitrile, ester, chloro, nitro, or methoxy substituents.magnified image