bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Клініко-патогенетична значущість остеоасоційованих мікроелементів при хворобах суглобів. Повідомлення І. Мікроелементоз у крові
Authors: Syniachenko O.V. , Geiko I.A. , Sokrut O.P. , Hapchenkova D.S. , Perepada H.V. 
Published: September 2016

Актуальність роботи. Мікроелементоз (дисбаланс в організмі рівнів окремих мікроелементів — МЕ) розглядається як одна з важливіших клініко-патогенетичних складових дегенеративно-запальних хвороб суглобів, а МЕ можуть відігравати роль кофакторів, що беруть участь у процесах артикулярного запалення. Мета роботи: вивчити рівні в сироватці крові та провести оцінку клініко-патогенетичної значущості остеоасоційованих МЕ (кобальт — Со, мідь — Cu, залізо — Fe, літій — Li, марганець — Mn, свинець — Pb, стронцій — Sr, цинк — Zn) при різних артритах — ревматоїдному (РА), реактивному урогенітальному хламідійіндукованому (РеА), псоріатичному (ПсА), подагричному (ПА) та остеоартриті (ОА). Матеріал і методи. Під наглядом перебували 262 хворі, серед яких було 89 осіб, які страждають від РА, 31 — від РеА, 35 — від ПсА, 49 — від ПА та 58 — від ОА. Розподіл чоловіків і жінок у цих групах відповідно становив 1 : 2, 2 : 1, 1 : 1, 11 : 1, 1 : 3, середній вік обстежених був 47, 34, 42, 48 і 58 років, а тривалість клінічної маніфестації захворювання — 10, 4, 11, 7 та 12 років. МЕ в сироватці крові досліджували за допомогою атомно-абсорбційного спектрометру з електрографітовим атомізатором SolAAr-Mk2-MOZe. Результати. Мікроелементоз при артритах виявляється підвищенням у крові концентрацій токсичних Li, Pb і Sr, причому відзначною особливістю РеА є нормальний рівень феремії, ПсА — наявність гіперкупремії, а OA — гіпоцинкемії. Мікроелементний склад крові залежить від ступеня активності й клініко-лабораторних ознак захворювань, поширеності артикулярного процесу, тяжкості кістково-деструктивних змін суглобів (субхондральний склероз, остеокістоз, остеоузури, епіфізарний остеопороз тощо), наявності системного остеопорозу, спондилопатії (остеохондроз, спондилоартроз) та екстраартикулярних проявів артритів (ураження шкіри, м’язів, периферійної нервової системи, лімфатичних вузлів, внутрішніх органів). Показники в крові Co, Cu, Li, Mn, Pb, Sr і Zn при РА, ПсА та ПА можуть мати певну прогностичну значущість. Висновки. При всіх вивчених захворюваннях суглобів розвиваються порушення мікроелементного складу крові, що беруть участь у патогенетичних побудовах РА, РеА, ПсА, ПА, ОА і визначають їх клінічний перебіг, а в майбутньому з’явиться можливість використовувати раціональнішу медичну технологію діагностики й лікування хвороб суглобів, розробити коригуючі мікроелементоз препарати, поліпшити якість прогнозування ефективності терапевтичних заходів.
Особливості змін біохімічних показників шлункового соку в пацiєнтiв iз гастроезофагеальною рефлюксною хворобою
Authors: Mosiichuk L.M. , Hrabovska O.I. , Paramonova K.V. , Rudenko A.I. , Klenina I.A. , Kuchnirenko I.V. , Petishko O.P. 
Published: September 2016

У дослідженні були вивчені особливості змін факторів агресії та захисту у вмісті шлункового соку в 91 пацiєнта iз гастроезофагеальною рефлюксною хворобою (ГЕРХ) у поєднанні з дисфункцією сфінктера Одді. Визначали рН, концентрацію пепсину, глікопротеїнів, жовчних кислот, сіалових кислот, фукози, гексозамінів, рівень метаболітів оксиду азоту. Встановлено, що підвищення рівня метаболітів оксиду азоту та жовчних кислот у шлунковому соку призводить до посилення запальних процесів у слизовій оболонці шлунка незалежно від функціонального стану сфінктера Одді. Збільшення агресивних властивостей шлункового вмісту спостерігалось у пацієнтів із ГЕРХ як із гіпертонусом, так і гіпотонусом сфінктера Одді. Дефіцит та диспропорція факторів захисту в більшості хворих в усіх групах проявлялись у вигляді зменшення концентрації вуглеводних термінальних залишків глікопротеїнів відносно показників контрольної групи.
Фактори ризику розвитку стеатозу печінки в дітей
Authors: Stepanov Yu.M. , Zavhorodnia N.Yu. , Lukianenko O.Yu. , Yagmur V.B. , Skyrda I.Yu. , Petishko O.P. 
Published: September 2016

Неалкогольна жирова хвороба печінки є найбільш частою причиною захворювань печінки в дітей у всьому світі. Мета: визначити фактори ризику стеатозу печінки в дітей. Методи дослідження. Під нашим спостереженням були 32 дитини з розладами шлунково-кишкового тракту. Визначення наявності й ступеня стеатозу печінки проводили з використанням апарата FibroScan® 502 touch із визначенням контрольованого параметра ультразвукового затухання (CAP). За показниками CAP діти були розподілені на 2 групи: 1-ша група (основна) — 13 дітей із стеатозом (40,6 %), 2-га група (контрольна) — 19 дітей без стеатозу (59,4 %). Для визначення факторів ризику ми проаналізували історію життя й захворювання, дані об’єктивного клінічного й лабораторного обстеження хворих. Результати. Аналіз вікового розподілу показав, що в основній групі переважають діти віком понад 10 років (відносний ризик (RR) 3,3; відношення шансів (OR) 4,0; р = 0,1). Ожиріння було виявлене у 12 (92,3 %) дітей у групі хворих із стеатозом і в 9 (47 %) дітей, які не мали стеатозу. Збільшення окружності талії понад 95-й перцентиль спостерігалося у 12 (92,3 %) дітей в основній групі і 8 (42,1 %) дітей контрольної групи (RR 7,2; OR 16,5; р < 0,05). Було встановлено, що наявність пубертатного гіпоталамічного синдрому пов’язана з ризиком розвитку стеатозу печінки в дітей (RR 30,6; OR 4,8; р < 0,05). Обговорення. Як провідний фактор ризику розвитку стеатозу печінки в дітей слід розглядати абдомінальний тип ожиріння в поєднанні із захворюваннями ендокринної системи, а саме гіпоталамічним синдромом.
Dapoxetine: An Innovative Approach in the Therapeutic Management In Animal Model of Depression
Authors: Rafi Hira , Farhan Muhammad 
Published: September 2016

Stress is a complicated condition that effects on person’s mental and physical health, and it is the precursor of other psychological disorders mainly depression. Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) is well known to have hypofunction in unpredictable chronic mild stress whereas, unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS) has produced the most steady and continuous results of anhedonia and learned helplessness particularly in rats. The stress-induced depressive like behavior can be reversed by many antidepressants such as SSRIs. Selective serotonin [5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)] reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is mostly prescribed antidepressant that can deplete neurochemical and behavioral deficits. The present study was designed to investigate whether repeated administration of dapoxetine at dose (1.0 mg/kg) could reverse the behavioral deficits induced by UCMS in rat model of depression. UCMS induced behavioral deficits. Locomotor activity in familiar environment (home cage), novel (open field) environment and anxiolytic behavior in light/dark activity box were greater in unstressed group than stressed group. The inhibition of serotonin reuptake at pre-synaptic receptors by repeated dapoxetine administration is mainly the mechanism involved and discussed. This particular study may assist in novel approach for understanding the interaction between stress and behavioral functions and extending the therapeutic use of dapoxetine.
NANOPARTICLES AS A NOVEL DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM A REVIEW
Authors: Anees Mukarram , Masood Muhammad Irfan , Ilyas Mahwish , Ammad Muhammad 
Published: September 2016

ABSTRACT: Nanotechnology is showing a significant impact on the drug-delivery system over a past few years. This technology is playing a distinct role in remodeling the future of novel drug delivery system (NDDS). Nanoparticles (NPs) are one of the NDDS which exhibit vast applications in the field of clinical medicine and research. The encapsulation of therapeutic drugs in the form of nanoparticles shows advantageous effects, such as increasing drug efficacy, safety, bio-degradability, bioavailability and therapeutic index, over conventional dosage forms of these therapeutic drugs. The current review article mainly focuses on different types of nanoparticulate drug delivery systems including nanotubes, solid lipid nanoparticles, superparamagnetic nanoparticles, liposomes, quantum dots, dendrimers, ceramic nanoparticles and nanoerythrosomes as well as their applications in different field.
The Auditing Standards Committee of the Auditing Section of the American Accounting Association's Response to the International Auditing and Assurance Standard's Board's Invitation to Comment: Enhancing Audit Quality in the Public Interest
Authors: Earley Christine E. , Hooks Karen L. , Joe Jenifer R. , Polinski Paul W. , Rezaee Zabihollah , Roush Pamela B. , Sanderson Kerri-Ann , Wu Yi-Jing 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARY:
On December 17, 2015, the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) issued an Invitation to Comment entitled Enhancing Audit Quality in the Public Interest: A Focus on Professional Skepticism, Quality Control and Group Audits (hereafter, the ITC). The ITC highlights the IAASB's discussions regarding the three separate, but related, topics: professional skepticism, quality control, and group audits, in order to solicit feedback on these topics from various stakeholders. The ITC also discusses potential standard-setting activities the IAASB could participate in to enhance audit quality. The comment period ended on May 16, 2016. This commentary summarizes the contributors' views on selected questions posed in the ITC.
Data Availability: The invitation to comment (as of May 23, 2016) is available at: https://www.ifac.org/system/files/publications/files/IAASB-Invitation-to-Comment-Enhancing-Audit-Quality.pdf
Surface Properties and Color Stability of Resin-Infiltrated Enamel Lesions
Authors: Zhao X , Ren Y-F 
Published: September 2016

SUMMARY

Objectives:
To examine the surface topographies, microhardness, and color stability of resin-infiltrated enamel lesions before and after aging challenges in vitro using three-dimensional laser scanning profilometry, surface microhardness testing, spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy.

Methods:
Forty human third molars were embedded in epoxy resin, and each tooth was prepared to have two white spot lesions and one sound enamel area. One white spot lesion received resin infiltration and the other was untreated. Ten specimens were subjected to thermocycling for 10,000 cycles, 10 specimens were immersed in coffee solutions, and 10 specimens were placed in water storage. Surface area roughness (Sa), Vickers microhardness (VHN), and CIE L*a*b* color values were measured on sound enamel, resin-infiltrated lesions, and untreated lesions before and after aging. The surface morphology of resin-infiltrated lesions was observed after aging under scanning electron microscopy and compared with 10 specimens that were not subjected to aging challenge.

Results:
Resin infiltration increased the surface microhardness of the enamel lesions from 89.3 to 212.0 VHN. The surface microhardness of resin-infiltrated enamel lesions was not significantly affected by aging. The surface roughness of resin-infiltrated lesions (0.32–0.37 μm) was greater than that of sound enamel (0.05–0.06 μm) and untreated lesions (0.12–0.13 μm). Thermocycling and water storage further increased surface roughness of resin-infiltrated surfaces. Resin-infiltrated enamel lesions showed greater discoloration than sound enamel surfaces. Surface microfissures and microcracks were observed on resin-infiltrated enamel lesions after thermocycling.

Conclusions:
Surface hardness of enamel lesions increased significantly after resin infiltration and remained stable following thermocycling. Surface roughness and color stability of resin-infiltrated enamel lesions were less than ideal and might further deteriorate after aging in the oral environment.
The endoscopic anatomy of the middle ear approach to the fundus of the internal acoustic canal
Authors: Komune Noritaka , Matsuo Satoshi , Miki Koichi , Rhoton Albert L. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVEThe application of the endoscope in the lateral skull base increases the importance of the middle ear cavity as the corridor to the skull base. The aim of this study was to define the middle ear as a route to the fundus (lateral end) of the internal acoustic canal and to propose feasible landmarks to the fundus.METHODSThis was a cadaveric study; 34 adult cadaveric temporal bones and 2 dry bones were dissected with the aid of the endoscope and microscope to show the anatomy of the transcanal approach to the middle ear and fundus of the internal acoustic canal.RESULTSIn the middle ear cavity, the cochleariform process is one of the key landmarks for accessing the fundus of the internal acoustic canal. The triangle formed by the anterior and posterior edges of the overhang of the round window and the cochleariform process provides a landmark to start drilling the bone to access the fundus of the internal acoustic canal.CONCLUSIONSThe external acoustic canal and middle ear cavity combined, using endoscopic guidance, can provide a route to the fundus of the internal acoustic canal. A triangular landmark crossing the promontory has been described for reaching the meatal fundus. This transcanal approach requires an understanding of the relationship between the middle ear cavity and the fundus of the internal acoustic canal and provides a potential new area of cooperation between otology and neurosurgery for accessing pathology in this and the bordering skull base.
Transdural arterial recruitment to brain arteriovenous malformation: clinical and management implications in a prospective cohort series
Authors: Bervini David , Morgan Michael Kerin , Stoodley Marcus Andrew , Heller Gillian Ziona 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVEThe occurrence of transdural arterial recruitment (TDAR) in association with brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) is uncommon, and the reason for TDAR is not understood. The aim of this cohort study was to examine patient and bAVM characteristics associated with TDAR and the implications of TDAR on management.METHODSA prospective surgical database of bAVMs was examined. Cases previously treated elsewhere or incompletely examined by digital subtraction angiography (DSA) assessment were excluded. Three studies of this cohort were performed, as follows: characteristics associated with TDAR, the relationship between TDAR and neurological deficits unassociated with hemorrhage (NDUH), and the impact of TDAR on outcome from surgery. Regression models were performed.RESULTSOf 769 patients with complete DSA who had no previous treatment, 51 (6.6%) were found to have TDAR. The presence of TDAR was associated with increasing age (p < 0.01; OR 1.05; 95% CI 1.02–1.07); presentation with NDUH (p < 0.01; OR 2.71; 95% CI 1.29–5.71); increasing size of the bAVM (p < 0.01; OR 1.57; 95% CI 1.29–1.91); and combined supply from both anterior and posterior circulations (p = 0.02; OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.17–4.78). Further analysis of TDAR cases comparing those with and without NDUH found an association of larger size (6.6 cm [2.9 SD] compared with 4.7 cm [1.8 SD]; p < 0.01) and combined supply from both anterior and posterior circulations (relative risk 2.5; 95% CI 1.0–6.2; p = 0.04) to be associated with an NDUH presentation.For the 632 patients undergoing surgery there was an increased risk of complications (where this produced a new permanent neurological deficit at 12 months represented by a modified Rankin Scale score of > 1) with the following variables: size; location in eloquent brain; deep venous drainage; increasing age; and no presentation with hemorrhage. The presence of TDAR was not associated with an increased risk of complications from surgery.CONCLUSIONSThe authors found that TDAR occurs in older patients with larger bAVMs, and that TDAR is also more likely to be associated with bAVMs presenting with NDUH. The likely explanation for the presence of TDAR is a secondary recruitment arising as a consequence of shear stress, rather than a primary vascular supply present from the earliest development of the bAVM.
Normative ranges of anthropometric cranial indices and metopic suture closure during infancy
Authors: Pindrik Jonathan , Molenda Joseph , Uribe-Cardenas Rafael , Dorafshar Amir H. , Ahn Edward S. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
Subjective evaluations typically guide craniosynostosis repair. This study provides normative values of anthropometric cranial indices that are clinically useful for the evaluation of multiple types of craniosynostosis and introduces 2 new indices that are useful in the evaluation and management of metopic and bicoronal synostosis. The authors hypothesize that normative values of the new indices as well as for established measures like the cephalic index can be drawn from the evaluation of CT scans of normal individuals.

METHODS
High-resolution 3D CT scans obtained in normal infants (age 0–24 months) were retrospectively reviewed. Calvarial measurements obtained from advanced imaging visualization software were used to compute cranial indices. Additionally, metopic sutures were evaluated for patency or closure.

RESULTS
A total of 312 participants were included in the study. Each monthly age group (total 24) included 12–18 patients, yielding 324 head CT scans studied. The mean cephalic index decreased from 0.85 at age 0–3 months to 0.81 at 19–24 months, the mean frontoparietal index decreased from 0.68 to 0.65, the metopic index from 0.59 to 0.55, and the towering index remained comparatively uniform at 0.64 and 0.65. Trends were statistically significant for all measured indices. There were no significant differences found in mean cranial indices between sexes in any age group. Metopic suture closure frequency for ages 3, 6, and 9 months were 38.5%, 69.2%, and 100.0%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS
Radiographically acquired normative values for anthropometric cranial indices during infancy can be used as standards for guiding preoperative decision making, surgical correction, and postoperative helmeting in various forms of craniosynostosis. Metopic and towering indices represent new cranial indices that are potentially useful for the clinical evaluation of metopic and bicoronal synostoses, respectively. The present study additionally shows that metopic suture closure appears ubiquitous after 9 months of age.
Topographic changes in cerebral blood flow and reduced white matter integrity in the first 2 weeks following revascularization surgery in adult moyamoya disease
Authors: Kazumata Ken , Tha Khin Khin , Uchino Haruto , Shiga Tohru , Shichinohe Hideo , Ito Masaki , Nakayama Naoki , Abumiya Takeo 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVEAfter revascularization surgery, hyperperfusion and ischemia are associated with morbidity and mortality in adult moyamoya disease (MMD). However, structural changes within the brain following revascularization surgery, especially in the early postsurgical period, have not been thoroughly studied. Such knowledge may enable improved monitoring and clinical management of hyperperfusion and ischemia in MMD. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the topographic and temporal profiles of cerebral perfusion and related white matter microstructural changes following revascularization surgery in adult MMD.METHODSThe authors analyzed 20 consecutive surgeries performed in 17 adults. Diffusion imaging in parallel with serial measurements of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using SPECT was performed. Both voxel-based and region-of-interest analyses were performed, comparing neuroimaging parameters of postoperative hemispheres with those of preoperative hemispheres at 4 different time points within 2 weeks after surgery.RESULTSVoxel-based analysis showed a distinct topographic pattern of cerebral perfusion, characterized by increased rCBF in the basal ganglia for the first several days and gradually increased rCBF in the lateral prefrontal cortex over 1 week (p < 0.001). Decreased rCBF was also observed in the lateral prefrontal cortex, occipital lobe, and cerebellum contralateral to the surgical hemisphere (p < 0.001). Reduced fractional anisotropy (FA) and axial diffusivity (AD), as well as increased radial diffusivity (RD), were demonstrated in both the anterior and posterior limbs of the internal capsule (p < 0.001). Diffusion parameters demonstrated the greatest changes in both FA and RD on Days 1–2 and in AD on Days 3–6; FA, RD, and AD recovered to preoperative levels on Day 14. Patients with transient neurological deteriorations (TNDs), as compared with those without, demonstrated greater increases in rCBF in both the lateral prefrontal cortex and striatum as well as smaller FAs in the posterior limb of the internal capsule (p < 0.05).CONCLUSIONSThe excessively increased rCBF and the recovery process were heterogeneous across brain regions, demonstrating a distinct topographic pattern during the initial 2 weeks following revascularization surgery in MMD. Temporary impairments in the deep white matter tract and immediate postoperative ischemia were also identified. The study results characterized postoperative brain perfusion as well as the impact of revascularization surgery on the brain microstructure. Notably, rCBF and white matter changes correlated to TNDs, suggesting that these changes represent potential neuroimaging markers for tracking tissue structural changes associated with hyperperfusion during the acute postoperative period following revascularization surgery for MMD.
Pediatric neurosurgery telemedicine clinics: a model to provide care to geographically underserved areas of the United States and its territories
Authors: James Hector E. 
Published: September 2016

OBJECTIVE
The author describes the creation, structuring, and development of a pediatric neurosurgery telemedicine clinic (TMC) to provide telehealth across geographical, time, social, and cultural barriers.

METHODS
In July 2009 the University of Florida (UF) Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery received a request from the Southeast Georgia Health District (Area 9–2) to provide a TMC to meet regional needs. The Children's Medical Services (CMS) of the State of Georgia installed telemedicine equipment and site-to-site connectivity. Audiovisual connectivity was performed in the UF Pediatric Neurosurgery office, maintaining privacy and HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act) requirements. Administrative steps were taken with documentation of onsite training of the secretarial and nursing personnel of the CMS clinic. Patient preregistration and documentation were performed as required by the UF College of Medicine–Jacksonville. Monthly clinics are held with the CMS nursing personnel presenting the pertinent clinical history and findings to the pediatric neurosurgeon in the presence of the patient/parents. Physical findings and diagnostic studies are discussed, and management decisions are made.

RESULTS
The first TMC was held in August 2011. A total of 40 TMC sessions have been held through January 2016, with a total of 43 patients seen: 13 patients once; 13 patients twice; 8 patients for 3 visits; 2 for 4 visits; 2 for 6 visits; 2 for 5 visits; 2 for 7 visits; and 1 patient has been seen 8 times.

CONCLUSIONS
Pediatric patients in areas of the continental US and its territories with limited access to pediatric neurosurgery services could benefit from this model, if other pediatric neurosurgery centers provide telehealth services.