bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Online appendix 3: A new checklist of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa
Authors: Fryday Alan M. 
Published: June 2017

Background: The last comprehensive list of lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa was published in 1950. A checklist is important to provide basic information on the extent of the diversity, and to provide the most recent name and classification.Objective: To present a list of all the lichenised, lichenicolous and allied fungi reported from South Africa.Methods: The list presented is entirely literature based and no attempt has been made to check the report of any taxa or their status by checking the specimens upon which they are based. Firstly, all taxa that were not reported from within the modern boundaries of South Africa were excluded. Next, the Recent literature on lichens database was searched for literature on South African lichens since 1945 and all references checked for new species or new reports, which were then added to the list. These names were then checked against Index Fungorum to ensure that the most current name was being used. Finally, the list was rationalised by excluding all synonyms and dubious infraspecific taxa.Results: The current list includes 1750 taxa in 260 genera from mainland South Africa, with an additional 100 species and 23 genera from the sub-Antarctic Prince Edward Islands, which are treated separately. The replacement name Verrucaria dagolavii Fryday is proposed for Verrucaria umbilicata Øvstedal.Conclusion: It is estimated that, when fully explored, the lichen biota of South Africa will consist of somewhere between 2500 and 3000 taxa.
Experiences of teaching innovation for the consolidation of a R&D&I culture
Authors: Vidal Jhon Victor , Martinez Piedad Cristina , Alfaro José Antonio 
Published: June 2017

<p>This article aims to present the results of a project whose objective is to develop a teaching strategy for the development of R + D + I competences in university students, through the development of prototypes associated with the productive areas of a given region, based on the Neoschumpeterian evolutionary theory, the integrative approach to creativity, the processes of the entrepreneurial spirit with a humanistic approach and the theory of models of technological innovation and business innovation, as well as the analysis of different strategies to promote innovation and entrepreneurship as Junior Achievement Worldwide, Network For Teaching Entrepreneurship (NFTE), Innovacient, among others. The project was developed in six phases, with 60 work teams, obtaining 60 functional prototypes, distributed in the following categories: 8 Agroindustry and food Service, 8 APPS and Software development, 8 Biotechnology, 15 Energies for the future, 7 of social innovation, 7 of new materials for construction, and 7 of Robotic. The most used techniques were Scaper-QFD-Triz for tangible prototypes; Desing Thinking for innovative ideas in services and Agile Methodology for APPs and software.</p>
The influence of storage time and temperature on propofol concentrations in canine blood and plasma
Authors: Cox Sherry , Bailey Joan , Okafor Chika , Seddighi Reza , Doherty Tom 
Published: June 2017

Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic commonly used due to its favorable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile. There are discrepancies in the literature about the most appropriate sample for determining propofol concentrations. Although plasma has been used for determining propofol concentrations, whole blood has been the preferred sample. There is also a lack of consistency in the literature on the effect of storage time and temperature on propofol concentrations and this may lead to errors in the design of pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamics studies. The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in propofol concentrations in whole blood versus plasma and to evaluate the influence of storage time (56 days) and temperature (4 °C, −20 °C, −80 °C) on the stability of propofol concentrations in blood and plasma samples. Results from the study indicate that whole blood and plasma samples containing propofol stored at −80 °C have concentrations as high as or higher than those stored at 4 °C or −20 °C for 56 days; thus, −80 °C is an appropriate temperature for propofol sample storage. Plasma propofol concentrations were consistently higher than whole blood for all three storage temperatures. Consequently, plasma is the most appropriate sample for propofol analysis due to its consistent determinations.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL MODELING OF FLUID-SEABED INTERACTION IN SHALLOW WATER
Authors: AFENTOULIS VASILEIOS , Tsoukala Vasiliki , Mohammadi Bijan 
Published: June 2017

For the design and the construction of the defence structures against beach erosion, there is a need to predict and un-
derstand the evolution in time of the shape of the sea sandy bed, using different numerical models and control theories. In the present paper a numerical model based on shallow water equations, which is an application of control theory to the evolution of sandy bed, is used in order to propose a formulation for the wave motion based on fluid and structure coupling, using minimization principles. Furthermore, measurements from a physical experiment are used in order to verify the accuracy of the model. The experiment was carried out in a multi directional wave basin at the SOGREAH (LHF facility, G-INP, France) and provided extensive measurements and detailed analysis of combined hydrodynamics and morphodynamics, suggesting a subtle interplay between several feedback mechanisms associated to wavedriven rip current circulations, wave nonlinearities, sediment transport, and seabed evolution. Using the numerical model, wave characteristics and depth profiles have been calculated and compared to experimental results.
THEORETICAL FORMS OF SHORELINES
Authors: Grijm W. 
Published: June 2017

In previous publications Pelnard-Considere, Bruun and larras have d.erived theoretical shore formations. When doing so, it is necessary to idealize the conditions, such as a lxttoral transport by waves only, unvarying wave characteristics and a simple relation between the angle of wave approach and the littoral transport. Moreover various other simplifications have to be made in order to make it possible to handle the equations.
The question may arise whether results, obtained from such an idealized situation, have any value for practical cases, where the conditions are much more complex and variable. The answer is no when we expect to obtain a true and detailed picture of the development of any particular stretch of coast. Such theoretical exercises can be of real value, however, because they help us to understand why and how certain formations come into being and how they are influenced by certain physical processes* This is the case for instance with such formations as deltas, spits and tombolos.
We cannot say that we really know the function which determines the littoral transport. Up to now one of the simplifications in the mathematical treatment has been the restriction to stay within an area in which the values of
THE USE OF FLUORESCENT TRACERS FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF LITTORAL DRIFT
Authors: Russell R.C.H. 
Published: June 2017

The paper is concerned with experiments, carried out by the Hydraulics Research Station, in an attempt to measure littoral drift along natural teaches. A preliminary laboratory experiment is described in which the dilution method was used to measure unidirectional drift along aTnodel shingle beach, and in which the measurement was found to be reasonably accurate. A modified dilution method is described for use on beaches where the direction of the drift reverses from time to time} and there is then a description of how this method was used to measure the littoral drift along three shingle beaches on the coast of England. In one case it was possible to measure the drift by alternative means and so obtain a check on the accuracy of the method. An Appendix describes how some of the tracer materials were
made.
The Teratogenic Risk
Authors: Tuchmann-Duplessis H. 
Published: June 2017

Reproduction can be impaired in animals and man by drugs and various environmental agents. Depending on the time of exposure—from fertilization through the fetal period and eventually during lactation—the consequences can range from embryotoxicity, gross malformations and a large variety of more subtle morphological, biochemical, and functional abnormalities. The high susceptibility of the embryo to exogenous agents is due to cellular multiplication and differentiation and to the lack of development of the enzyme systems necessary for the detoxification of chemicals. At present, developmental impairments represent the main cause of perinatal mortality and postnatal morbidity.After a review of prenatal physiology and teratogenic principles, the action of selected drugs and environmental agents is analyzed. The potential danger of environmental factors during intrauterine development is of particular concern because of its irreversible nature.
Prognostic value of nasal cytology and clinical factors in nasal polyps development in patients at risk: can the beginning predict the end?
Authors: De Corso Eugenio , Lucidi Daniela , Battista Mariapina , Romanello Matteo , De Vita Carla , Baroni Silvia , Autilio Chiara , Galli Jacopo , Paludetti Gaetano 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundWe evaluated the prognostic value of nasal cytology and clinical factors in predicting nasal polyp (NP) development in patients with history of nonallergic chronic sinonasal inflammation.MethodsThis was a retrospective case‐control study of 295 patients followed at our institution for a mean of 85.70 ± 19.41 months. According to the inclusion criteria we enrolled 84 cases with persistent eosinophilic nonallergic sinonasal inflammation (group A) and 106 cases with neutrophilic inflammation (group B), both without evidence of NPs at the baseline. We considered as controls 105 patients affected by nonallergic noninfectious vasomotor rhinitis without evidence of inflammation at nasal cytology (group C). Patients were checked every 6 months for NPs. Temporal analyses was performed by Kaplan‐Mayer curves and odds ratios were evaluated by logistic regression analyses.ResultsThe percentage of patients that developed NPs was higher in group A (29/84 [34.52%]) than in group B (17/106 [16.03%]) and group C (5/104 [4.7%]) (p < 0.05). Logistic regression analyses showed that eosinophilic patients had a higher risk of NP development over the years than neutrophilic patients compared to controls (odds ratio [OR], 10.55 vs 3.2). We also demonstrated that hypereosinophilia, asthma, and aspirin intolerance may increase the OR differently in eosinophilic patients.ConclusionOur data suggest that early identification of inflammatory patterns and associated clinical factors in patients affected by chronic nonallergic sinonasal inflammation have a prognostic value that can help to identify patients with different risks of NP development. Our data confirm that detection of nasal eosinophilic inflammation represents an early marker for identification of a more aggressive inflammatory phenotype.
Quality measurement for rhinosinusitis: a review from the Quality Improvement Committee of the American Rhinologic Society
Authors: Rudmik Luke , Mattos Jose , Schneider John , Manes Peter R. , Stokken Janalee K. , Lee Jivianne , Higgins Thomas S. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Reh Douglas D. , Setzen Michael , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundMeasuring quality outcomes is an important prerequisite to improve quality of care. Rhinosinusitis represents a high value target to improve quality of care because it has a high prevalence of disease, large economic burden, and large practice variation. In this study we review the current state of quality measurement for management of both acute (ARS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).MethodsThe major national quality metric repositories and clearinghouses were queried. Additional searches included the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery database, PubMed, and Google to attempt to capture any additional quality metrics.ResultsSeven quality metrics for ARS and 4 quality metrics for CRS were identified. ARS metrics focused on appropriateness of diagnosis (n = 1), antibiotic prescribing (n = 4), and radiologic imaging (n = 2). CRS quality metrics focused on appropriateness of diagnosis (n = 1), radiologic imaging (n = 1), and measurement of patient quality of life (n = 2). The Physician Quality Reporting System (PQRS) currently tracks 3 ARS quality metrics and 1 CRS quality metric. There are no outcome‐based rhinosinusitis quality metrics and no metrics that assess domains of safety, patient‐centeredness, and timeliness of care.ConclusionsThe current status of quality measurement for rhinosinusitis has focused primarily on the quality domain of efficiency and process measures for ARS. More work is needed to develop, validate, and track outcome‐based quality metrics along with CRS‐specific metrics. Although there has been excellent work done to improve quality measurement for rhinosinusitis, there remain major gaps and challenges that need to be considered during the development of future metrics.
Application of gas and liquid chromatography coupled to time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry in pesticides: Multiresidue analysis
Authors: Elbashir Abdalla Ahmed , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnalysis of pesticide residues in water and food matrices is an active research area closely related to food safety and environmental issues. In this aspect mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) has been increasingly used in the analysis of pesticide residues in water and food. The increasing interest in application of high‐resolution mass spectrometry with time‐of‐flight (TOF) and hybrid triple quadrupole TOF in pesticide analysis is due to its capability of performing both targeted and nontargeted analysis. This article discusses an overview of the application of GC‐TOF‐MS and LC‐TOF‐MS in water and food matrices.
Green Energetic Nitrogen‐Rich Salts of 1,1′‐Dinitramino‐5,5′‐bistetrazolate
Authors: He Piao , Wu Le , Wu Jinting , Wang Qianyou , Li Zhimin , Gozin Michael , Zhang Jianguo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractA series of nitrogen‐rich energetic salts of 1,1′‐dinitramino‐5,5′‐bistetrazolate (DNABT) guanidinium (1), aminoguanidinium (2), diaminoguanidinium (3), triaminoguanidinium (4), diaminouronium (5), 3,4‐diamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium (6), and ethylenediammonium (7) was synthesized by a metathesis strategy and characterized by elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and IR spectroscopy as well as single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The natural bond orbitals (NBOs) and electrostatic potentials (ESPs) were further computed for a better understanding of the structures of the DNABT molecule. The heats of formation were calculated based on the Born–Haber energy cycle. The detonation parameters were evaluated by using the EXPLO5 program, and the sensitivities were measured according to BAM standers. These new salts exhibit highly positive heats of formation (407.0–1377.9 kJ mol−1) and good thermal stabilities (180–211 °C). Most of these compounds possess detonation velocities comparable to RDX and acceptable detonation pressures. The high volumes of explosion gases of the salts 3 and 4 (921 and 933 L kg−1, respectively) further support their power as explosives. The enhancing performances, the fact of being free of metals, and the more moderate sensitivities than K2DNABT, suggest that the salts 4 (D=8851 m s−1, P=29.0 GPa), 5 (D=9053 m s−1, P=32.3 GPa), and 6 (D=8835 m s−1, P=30.2 GPa) might be potential environmentally friendly energetic materials.
Ein ungewöhnlicher Lernort: Das Projekt „Experimenteller Lee(h)rstand“
Authors: Beeken Marco , Budke Michael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractVon „langen Nächten der Naturwissenschaften“ über „Science‐Foren für SchülerInnen“ bis hin zu öffentlichen Forschungsdialogen – viel wurde in den vergangenen Jahren in Deutschland dafür getan, um neue Formate der Wissenschaftskommunikation zu generieren und vor allem zu etablieren. Alle diese und viele andere Formate verfolgen das übergeordnete Ziel, einen Dialog zwischen der (Natur‐)Wissenschaft und der Gesellschaft zu initiieren und auch nachhaltig zu fördern. Dieses stellt gerade im Hinblick auf den gegenwärtigen Nachwuchs‐ und Fachkräftemangel in den MINT‐Berufen eine immanent wichtige Zielsetzung dar [1]. Dieser Beitrag stellt das im Zeitraum von 2014 bis 2016 in der niedersächsischen Kreisstadt Cloppenburg durchgeführte Projekt „Experimenteller Lee(h)rstand“ vor, bei dem Schülerinnen und Schüler u. a. naturwissenschaftliche Experimente und Phänomene in verschiedenen kreativen Formaten in einer leerstehenden innerstädtischen Immobilie präsentierten.
Populations genetically rifting within a complex geological system: The case of strong structure and low genetic diversity in the migratory freshwater catfish,Bagrus docmak,in East Africa
Authors: Basiita Rose Komugisha , Zenger Kyall Richard , Jerry Dean Robert 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe complex geological history of East Africa has been a driving factor in the rapid evolution of teleost biodiversity. While there is some understanding of how macroevolutionary drivers have shaped teleost speciation in East Africa, there is a paucity of research into how the same biogeographical factors have affected microevolutionary processes within lakes and rivers. To address this deficiency, population genetic diversity, demography, and structure were investigated in a widely distributed and migratory (potamodromous) African teleost species, Ssemutundu (Bagrus docmak). Samples were acquired from five geographical locations in East Africa within two major drainage basins; the Albertine Rift and Lake Victoria Basin. Individuals (N = 175) were genotyped at 12 microsatellite loci and 93 individuals sequenced at the mitochondrial DNA control region. Results suggested populations from Lakes Edward and Victoria had undergone a severe historic bottleneck resulting in very low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.004 and 0.006, respectively) and negatively significantFuvalues (−3.769 and −5.049;p < .05). Heterozygosity deficiencies and restricted effective population size (NeLD) suggested contemporary exposure of these populations to stress, consistent with reports of the species decline in the East African Region. High genetic structuring between drainages was detected at both historical (ɸST = 0.62 for mtDNA;p < .001) and contemporary (microsatelliteFST = 0.460;p < .001) levels. Patterns of low genetic diversity and strong population structure revealed are consistent with speciation patterns that have been linked to the complex biogeography of East Africa, suggesting that these biogeographical features have operated as both macro‐ and micro‐evolutionary forces in the formation of the East African teleost fauna.
Autoimmune arthritis induces paired immunoglobulin‐like receptor B expression on CD4+ T cells from SKG mice
Authors: Rothe Kathrin , Raulien Nora , Köhler Gabriele , Pierer Matthias , Quandt Dagmar , Wagner Ulf 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe chronic, destructive autoimmune arthritis in SKG mice, which closely resembles human rheumatoid arthritis, is the result of self‐reactive T cells escaping thymic deletion. Since the inhibitory receptor LIR‐1 is up‐regulated on auto‐reactive T cells in human rheumatoid arthritis, the role of its murine ortholog PIR‐B was investigated. Peripheral CD4+ T cells from SKG mice were found to frequently express PIR‐B, and this population produces more frequently IL‐17 upon in vitro stimulation compared to PIR‐B− cells. A much larger fraction of PIR‐B+ T cells, however, was found to secret no IL‐17, but IFN‐γ. With regards to the clinical course of the disease, high frequencies of PIR‐B+ CD4+ T cells were found to be associated with a milder course of arthritis, suggesting that the net effect of PIR‐B expression is suppression of autoreactive T cells. Our results indicate that overexpression of PIR‐B on IL‐17‐producing SKG CD4+ T cells might represent an effective counter‐regulatory mechanism against the destructive potential of those cells. More importantly, a major population of PIR‐B+ T cells in SKG mice appears to play an inhibitory role by way of their IFN‐γ production, since high frequencies of those cells ameliorate the disease.
Insights into Frustrated and Regular peri‐Substituted (Ace‐)Naphthylaminoboranes and (Ace‐)Naphthylphosphinoboranes
Authors: Furan Sinas , Hupf Emanuel , Lork Enno , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Jens Beckmann from Bremen University, Germany. The cover image shows two phosphinoboranes mounted on the peri‐positions of an acenaphthyl scaffold, in which the phosphorus and boron atoms lead to a regular (top) or a frustrated (bottom) Lewis pair, depending on the substituents on the B atom.
Development and enrolee satisfaction with basic medical insurance in China: A systematic review and stratified cluster sampling survey
Authors: Jing Limei , Chen Ru , Jing Lisa , Qiao Yun , Lou Jiquan , Xu Jing , Wang Junwei , Chen Wen , Sun Xiaoming 
Published: June 2017

SummaryBasic Medical Insurance (BMI) has changed remarkably over time in China because of health reforms that aim to achieve universal coverage and better health care with adequate efforts by increasing subsidies, reimbursement, and benefits. In this paper, we present the development of BMI, including financing and operation, with a systematic review. Meanwhile, Pudong New Area in Shanghai was chosen as a typical BMI sample for its coverage and management; a stratified cluster sampling survey together with an ordinary logistic regression model was used for the analysis. Enrolee satisfaction and the factors associated with enrolee satisfaction with BMI were analysed. We found that the reenrolling rate superficially improved the BMI coverage and nearly achieved universal coverage. However, BMI funds still faced dual contradictions of fund deficit and insured under compensation, and a long‐term strategy is needed to realize the integration of BMI schemes with more homogeneous coverage and benefits. Moreover, Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance participants reported a higher rate of dissatisfaction than other participants. The key predictors of the enrolees' satisfaction were awareness of the premium and compensation, affordability of out‐of‐pocket costs, and the proportion of reimbursement. These results highlight the importance that the Chinese government takes measures, such as strengthening BMI fund management, exploring mixed payment methods, and regulating sequential medical orders, to develop an integrated medical insurance system of universal coverage and vertical equity while simultaneously improving enrolee satisfaction.