bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthetic CT generation from CBCT based on structural constraint cycle-EEM-GAN
Authors: Lu Qianhong , Luo Feng , Shi Juntian , Xu Kunyuan 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective. Cone beam CT (CBCT) typically has severe image artifacts and inaccurate HU values, which limits its application in radiation medicines. Scholars have proposed the use of cycle consistent generative adversarial network (Cycle-GAN) to address these issues. However, the generation quality of Cycle-GAN needs to be improved. This issue is exacerbated by the inherent size discrepancies between pelvic CT scans from different patients, as well as varying slice positions within the same patient, which introduce a scaling problem during training. Approach. We introduced the Enhanced Edge and Mask (EEM) approach in our structural constraint Cycle-EEM-GAN. This approach is designed to not only solve the scaling problem but also significantly improve the generation quality of the synthetic CT images. Then data from sixty pelvic patients were used to investigate the generation of synthetic CT (sCT) from CBCT. Main results. The mean absolute error (MAE), the root mean square error (RMSE), the peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), the structural similarity index (SSIM), and spatial nonuniformity (SNU) are used to assess the quality of the sCT generated from CBCT. Compared with CBCT images, the MAE improved from 53.09 to 37.74, RMSE from 185.22 to 146.63, SNU from 0.38 to 0.35, PSNR from 24.68 to 32.33, SSIM from 0.624 to 0.981. Also, the Cycle-EEM-GAN outperformed Cycle-GAN in terms of visual evaluation and loss. Significance. Cycle-EEM-GAN has improved the quality of CBCT images, making the structural details clear while prevents image scaling during the generation process, so that further promotes the application of CBCT in radiotherapy.
Influence of cyclic ignition and steady-state operation on a 1–2 A barium tungsten hollow cathode
Authors: WANG 王 Fufeng 福锋 , MENG 孟 Tianhang 天航 , NING 宁 Zhongxi 中喜 , ZHU 朱 Ximing 悉铭 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Booming low-power electric propulsion systems require 1–2 A hollow cathodes. Such cathodes are expected to go through more frequent ignitions in the low orbit, but the impact of cyclic ignitions on such 1–2 A barium tungsten hollow cathodes with a heater was not clear. In this study, a 12,638-cyclic ignition test and a 6,000-hour-long life test on two identical cathodes were carried out. The discharge voltage of the cathode and the erosion of the orifice after cyclic ignition were all larger than that of the cathode after stable operation. This indicated that the impact of cycle ignition on the discharge performance of a low current BaO-W cathode with a heater was higher than that of stable operation. The results of the ion energy distribution function measured during the ignition period indicated that the main reason for the orifice expansion was ion bombardment. Therefore, it was necessary to pay attention to the number of ignitions for the lifetime of this kind of cathode.
An MLGRU and SAM-based Approach to Milling Chatter Detection using Multi-sensor Data
Authors: Zhu Zhiying , Liu Riliang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Chatter is a common occurrence in the milling process, which leads to a decrease in surface quality, machining accuracy, and even equipment damage. Consequently, the detection and control of chatter are of great significance. In this paper, a chatter recognition model is proposed for monitoring milling status taking advantage of the multi-sensor data fusion technology and the learning ability of deep networks. In the recognition model, multiple sensors are used to collect signals from the machining operation, and the signals are analyzed in time and frequency domains, as well as wavelet packet transform to extract features. To obtain a multi-sensor feature matrix, Principal Component Analysis is used for feature dimensionality reduction and fusion; Then, a multi-layer gated loop unit is introduced to extract temporal information from the signals and achieve feature fusion at the sensor level. In the meanwhile, self-attention mechanism is employed to extract key information of features. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of this method, machining experiment is conducted on a vertical machining center, and three-dimensional vibration signals and acoustic emission signals are collected during the thin-wall milling process under multiple machining conditions. Trained and tested using the experimental data, and the results shows that accuracy of the proposed model in identifying the chatter state is as high as 91.15%.
A robust approach to transformer fault diagnosis: integrating time-current loci analysis with statistical feature extraction
Authors: Shanu Tabish , Mishra Ambarisha 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The accurate differentiation of inrush currents and inter-turn faults in power transformers is critical for ensuring the reliability and safety of electrical power systems. Traditional methods often face challenges in distinguishing between these conditions due to their overlapping characteristics, leading to potential misoperations and system instability. This paper presents a novel solution through the introduction of the time-current loci (TIL) method, which effectively addresses this critical issue by providing a robust mechanism for classifying normal operating conditions, inrush currents, and inter-turn faults. The TIL method involves plotting time against current over a single cycle, generating distinct loci patterns that serve as a visual and analytical foundation for classification. By extracting and analyzing key statistical features from these loci, the method enhances the accuracy of fault detection. Specifically, the rate of change in time and current is used to determine the orientation of the TIL curve, with additional features such as the mean orientation and skewness being computed to capture the unique geometric properties associated with each operating condition. This approach simplifies the analysis process, eliminating the need for complex machine learning algorithms and reducing computational demands, making it highly suitable for real-time implementation. Experimental validation was carried out using a 1 kVA, 230 V/230 V transformer under various operating conditions, and the results demonstrated the effectiveness of the TIL method in reliably distinguishing between normal conditions, inrush currents, and inter-turn faults. The visual nature of the loci plots not only aids in accurate classification but also provides an intuitive understanding of transformer behavior, facilitating quick and informed decision-making by operators. This advancement addresses a critical challenge in transformer protection, offering a more reliable and efficient solution compared to traditional techniques.
Higher integrability and the number of singular points for the Navier–Stokes equations with a scale-invariant bound
Authors: Barker Tobias 
Published: September 2024

First, we show that if the pressure

p
p

(associated to a weak Leray–Hopf solution

v
v

of the Navier–Stokes equations) satisfies

‖
p

‖

L

t

∞

(
0
,

T
∗

;

L

3
2

,
∞

(

R

3

)
)

≤

M
2

,

\begin{equation*} \|p\|_{L^{\infty }_{t}(0,T^*; L^{\frac {3}{2},\infty }(\mathbb {R}^3))}\leq M^2, \end{equation*}

then

v
v

possesses higher integrability up to the first potential blow-up time

T
∗

T^*

. Our method is concise and is based upon energy estimates applied to powers of

|

v

|

|v|

and the utilization of a “small exponent”.

As a consequence, we show that if a weak Leray–Hopf solution

v
v

first blows up at

T
∗

T^*

and satisfies the Type I condition

‖
v

‖

L

t

∞

(
0
,

T
∗

;

L

3
,
∞

(

R

3

)
)

≤
M

\|v\|_{L^{\infty }_{t}(0,T^*; L^{3,\infty }(\mathbb {R}^3))}\leq M

, then

∇
v
∈

L

2
+
O
(

1
M

)

(

R

3

×
(

1
2

T
∗

,

T
∗

)
)
.

\begin{equation*} \nabla v\in L^{2+O(\frac {1}{M})}(\mathbb {R}^3\times (\tfrac {1}{2}T^*,T^*)). \end{equation*}

This is the first result of its kind, improving the integrability exponent of

∇
v

\nabla v

under the Type I assumption in the three-dimensional setting.

Finally, we show that if

v
:

R

3

×
[
−
1
,
0
]
→

R

3

v:\mathbb {R}^3\times [-1,0]\rightarrow \mathbb {R}^3

is a weak Leray–Hopf solution to the Navier–Stokes equations with

s

n

↑
0

s_{n}\uparrow 0

such that

sup

n

‖
v
(
⋅
,

s

n

)

‖

L

3
,
∞

(

R

3

)

≤
M

\begin{equation*} \sup _{n}\|v(\cdot ,s_{n})\|_{L^{3,\infty }(\mathbb {R}^3)}\leq M \end{equation*}

then

v
v

possesses at most

O
(

M

20

)

O(M^{20})

singular points at

t
=
0

t=0

. Our method is direct and concise. It is based upon known

ε
\varepsilon

-regularity, global bounds on a Navier–Stokes solution with initial data in

L

3
,
∞

(

R

3

)

L^{3,\infty }(\mathbb {R}^3)

and rescaling arguments. We do not require arguments based on backward uniqueness nor unique continuation results for parabolic operators.
Intermediate long wave equation in negative Sobolev spaces
Authors: Chapouto Andreia , Forlano Justin , Li Guopeng , Oh Tadahiro , Pilod Didier 
Published: September 2024

We study the intermediate long wave equation (ILW) in negative Sobolev spaces. In particular, despite the lack of scaling invariance, we identify the regularity

s
=
−

1
2

s = -\frac 12

as the critical regularity for ILW with any depth parameter, by establishing the following two results. (i) By viewing ILW as a perturbation of the Benjamin–Ono equation (BO) and exploiting the complete integrability of BO, we establish a global-in-time a priori bound on the

H
s

H^s

-norm of a solution to ILW for

−

1
2

>
s
>
0

- \frac 12 > s > 0

. (ii) By making use of explicit solutions, we prove that ILW is ill-posed in

H
s

H^s

for

s
>
−

1
2

s > - \frac 12

. Our results apply to both the real line case and the periodic case.
Decision cost hypersensitivity underlies Huntington’s disease apathy
Authors: Morris Lee-Anne , Horne Kyla-Louise , Manohar Sanjay , Paermentier Laura , Buchanan Christina M , MacAskill Michael R , Myall Daniel J , Apps Matthew , Roxburgh Richard , Anderson Tim J , Husain Masud , Le Heron Campbell J 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The neuropsychiatric syndrome of apathy is now recognized to be a common and disabling condition in Huntington’s disease. However, the mechanisms underlying it are poorly understood. One way to investigate apathy is to use a theoretical framework of normal motivated behaviour, to determine where breakdown has occurred in people with this behavioural disruption. A fundamental computation underlying motivated, goal-directed behaviour across species is weighing up the costs and rewards associated with actions. Here, we asked whether people with apathy are more sensitive to costs of actions (physical effort and time delay), less sensitive to rewarding outcomes, or both. Based on the unique anatomical substrates associated with Huntington’s disease pathology, we hypothesized that a general hypersensitivity to costs would underpin Huntington’s disease apathy.
Genetically confirmed carriers of the expanded Huntingtin gene (premanifest to mild motor manifest disease, n = 53) were compared to healthy controls (n = 38). Participants performed a physical effort-based decision-making task (Apple Gathering Task) and a delay discounting task (Money Choice Questionnaire). Choice data was analysed using linear regression and drift diffusion models that also accounted for the time taken to make decisions.
Apathetic people with Huntington’s disease accepted fewer offers overall on the Apple Gathering Task, specifically driven by increased sensitivity to physical effort costs, and not explained by motor severity, mood, cognition or medication. Drift diffusion modelling provided further evidence of effort hypersensitivity, with apathy associated with a faster drift rate towards rejecting offers as a function of varying effort. Increased delay sensitivity was also associated with apathy, both when analysing raw choice and drift rate, where there was moderate evidence of Huntington’s disease apathy drifting faster towards the immediately available (low-cost) option. Furthermore, the effort and delay sensitivity parameters from these tasks were positively correlated.
The results demonstrate a clear mechanism for apathy in Huntington’s disease, cost hypersensitivity, which manifests in both the effort and time costs associated with actions towards rewarding goals. This suggests that Huntington’s disease pathology may cause a domain-general disruption of cost processing, which is distinct from apathy occurrence in other brain disorders and may require different therapeutic approaches.
Enhancing origin prediction: deep learning model for diagnosing premature ventricular contractions with dual-rhythm analysis focused on cardiac rotation
Authors: Nakasone Kazutaka , Nishimori Makoto , Shinohara Masakazu , Takami Mitsuru , Imamura Kimitake , Nishida Taku , Shimane Akira , Oginosawa Yasushi , Nakamura Yuki , Yamauchi Yasuteru , Fujiwara Ryudo , Asada Hiroyuki , Yoshida Akihiro , Takami Kaoru , Akita Tomomi , Nagai Takayuki , Sommer Philipp , El Hamriti Mustapha , Imada Hiroshi , Pannone Luigi , Sarkozy Andrea , Chierchia Gian Battista , de Asmundis Carlo , Kiuchi Kunihiko , Hirata Ken-ichi , Fukuzawa Koji 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Aims
Several algorithms can differentiate inferior axis premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) originating from the right side and left side on 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs). However, it is unclear whether distinguishing the origin should rely solely on PVC or incorporate sinus rhythm (SR). We compared the dual-rhythm model (incorporating both SR and PVC) to the PVC model (using PVC alone) and quantified the contribution of each ECG lead in predicting the PVC origin for each cardiac rotation.

Methods and results
This multicentre study enrolled 593 patients from 11 centres—493 from Japan and Germany, and 100 from Belgium, which were used as the external validation data set. Using a hybrid approach combining a Resnet50-based convolutional neural network and a transformer model, we developed two variants—the PVC and dual-rhythm models—to predict PVC origin. In the external validation data set, the dual-rhythm model outperformed the PVC model in accuracy (0.84 vs. 0.74, respectively; P &lt; 0.01), precision (0.73 vs. 0.55, respectively; P &lt; 0.01), specificity (0.87 vs. 0.68, respectively; P &lt; 0.01), area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.91 vs. 0.86, respectively; P = 0.03), and F1-score (0.77 vs. 0.68, respectively; P = 0.03). The contributions to PVC origin prediction were 77.3% for PVC and 22.7% for the SR. However, in patients with counterclockwise rotation, SR had a greater contribution in predicting the origin of right-sided PVC.

Conclusion
Our deep learning–based model, incorporating both PVC and SR morphologies, resulted in a higher prediction accuracy for PVC origin, considering SR is particularly important for predicting right-sided origin in patients with counterclockwise rotation.
Extracting fault-zone structures using the virtual seismometer method: from theoretical to synthetic test
Authors: Liu Wei , Yue Han , Hu Nan 
Published: September 2024

SUMMARY
Rocks near a fault plane are commonly damaged by multiple earthquake ruptures, forming damage zones. The damage zone is an important structure controlling various properties of a fault, yet its fine scale (tens to hundreds of meters) structure is difficult to resolve with surface seismic observations. We propose to use earthquakes that occur at depth within a fault zone as virtual seismometers (VSs) and use surface observations to extract Green's function (GFs) between VS pairs (VSGFs). This method resembles that of ambient noise tomography and the retrieved VSGFs are related to the structures between event pairs. In this study, we develop the theory about how to extract VSGFs using surface stations deployed across a fault zone. First, we use a half-space model and Fresnel zone analysis to determine the upper and lower limits of the GF frequency band, which is controlled by the station spacing and aperture of a given seismic array. Then, for VS in a fault zone, we demonstrate that the VSGF can be retrieved by linear seismic arrays deployed across the fault, and that the VSGF is equivalent to waves emitted simultaneously from an array of mirror sources of one event and received by the other. Secondly, the half-space result is directly adopted to determine the corresponding frequency band in the damage zone situation. Thirdly, we analyse different combinations of VS pair geometry and conclude that a relatively larger VS distance (much larger than the damage zone width) is more effective to recover damage zone structures for the available frequency bands. In this situation, VSGFs are trapped waves, that is represented by the interference of mirror sources. In such a case, the trapped waves are equivalent to surface waves, which have dispersion features to extract damage zone structures. Finally, we adopt the VSGF method to the Ridgecrest earthquake aftershock monitoring array and use a profile of aftershocks to extract six pairs of VSGFs. The spatial variation of VSGFs may reflect the depth-dependent variation of damaged zone. Our analysis shows a promising direction to use VSGFs to extract spatial variations of fault damaged zones.
Decolonizing “the Data” of Religious Studies: A Case against the Worldview Model of Difference
Authors: Hedrick Lisa Landoe 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Challenging the false neutrality of secularism, J. Z. Smith (1988) declared that between “religion” and “religious studies” there is “no difference at all.” The subsequent rise of area studies matched the decline of comparative programs whose underwriting logic faltered under postcolonial scrutiny. This turn toward particularity and data expansion was a way of reckoning with the ethnocentric universalizing of modern social theory. Today, scholars in both religious studies and anthropology worry about how ethnocentrism persists in the very form of “the data.” However, the former have largely misunderstood the contributions of anthropology’s ontological turn—specifically the “radical” variant “perspectivism”—to disciplinary reform. I explain why perspectivists suggest replacing talk of multiple views with talk of multiple worlds to model a genuine alternative to cultural relativism.
Longitudinal study of the manifestations and mechanisms of technology-related prescribing errors in pediatrics
Authors: Raban Magdalena Z , Fitzpatrick Erin , Merchant Alison , Rahman Bayzidur , Badgery-Parker Tim , Li Ling , Baysari Melissa T , Barclay Peter , Dickinson Michael , Mumford Virginia , Westbrook Johanna I 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objectives
To examine changes in technology-related errors (TREs), their manifestations and underlying mechanisms at 3 time points after the implementation of computerized provider order entry (CPOE) in an electronic health record; and evaluate the clinical decision support (CDS) available to mitigate the TREs at 5-years post-CPOE.

Materials and Methods
Prescribing errors (n = 1315) of moderate, major, or serious potential harm identified through review of 35 322 orders at 3 time points (immediately, 1-year, and 4-years post-CPOE) were assessed to identify TREs at a tertiary pediatric hospital. TREs were coded using the Technology-Related Error Mechanism classification. TRE rates, percentage of prescribing errors that were TREs, and mechanism rates were compared over time. Each TRE was tested in the CPOE 5-years post-implementation to assess the availability of CDS to mitigate the error.

Results
TREs accounted for 32.5% (n = 428) of prescribing errors; an adjusted rate of 1.49 TREs/100 orders (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06, 1.92). At 1-year post-CPOE, the rate of TREs was 40% lower than immediately post (incident rate ratio [IRR]: 0.60; 95% CI: 0.41, 0.89). However, at 4-years post, the TRE rate was not significantly different to baseline (IRR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.59, 1.08). “New workflows required by the CPOE” was the most frequent TRE mechanism at all time points. CDS was available to mitigate 32.7% of TREs.

Discussion
In a pediatric setting, TREs persisted 4-years post-CPOE with no difference in the rate compared to immediately post-CPOE.

Conclusion
Greater attention is required to address TREs to enhance the safety benefits of systems.
Experiences in providing a community educational resource for the All of Us Researcher Workbench
Authors: Ritter Deborah I , Byun Jinyoung , Wang Jun , Richards Stephen , Luna Pamela N , Williams LaTerrica , Coleman Julie R , Baker Jasmine N , Ketkar Shamika , Butler Ashley M , Hammonds-Odie Latanya , Atkinson Elizabeth G , Worley Kim C , Murray Debra D , Lee Brendan , Scherer Steven E 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective
Educational offerings to fill the bioinformatics knowledge gap are a key component to enhancing access and use of health data from the All of Us Research Program. We developed a Train the Trainer-based, innovative training series including project-based learning, modular on-demand demonstrations, and unstructured tutorial time as a model for educational engagement in the All of Us community.

Materials and Methods
We highlight our training modules and content, with training survey data informing cycles of development in the creation of a 6-module training series with modular demonstrations.

Results
We have conducted 2 public iterations of the Train the Trainer (Tx3) Series based on survey feedback while training over 300 registered researchers to access and analyze data on the All of Us Researcher Workbench.

Discussion and Conclusion
Future directions of the Tx3 Series include enhanced focus on project-based learning and learner requests for modularity and asynchronous materials access.