bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genotyping both live and dead animals to improve post-weaning survival of pigs in breeding programs
Authors: Sharif-Islam Md , van der Werf Julius H. J. , Henryon Mark , Chu Thinh Tuan , Wood Benjamin J. , Hermesch Susanne 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In this study, we tested whether genotyping both live and dead animals (GSD) realises more genetic gain for post-weaning survival (PWS) in pigs compared to genotyping only live animals (GOS).

Methods
Stochastic simulation was used to estimate the rate of genetic gain realised by GSD and GOS at a 0.01 rate of pedigree-based inbreeding in three breeding schemes, which differed in PWS (95%, 90% and 50%) and litter size (6 and 10). Pedigree-based selection was conducted as a point of reference. Variance components were estimated and then estimated breeding values (EBV) were obtained in each breeding scheme using a linear or a threshold model. Selection was for a single trait, i.e. PWS with a heritability of 0.02 on the observed scale. The trait was simulated on the underlying scale and was recorded as binary (0/1). Selection candidates were genotyped and phenotyped before selection, with only live candidates eligible for selection. Genotyping strategies differed in the proportion of live and dead animals genotyped, but the phenotypes of all animals were used for predicting EBV of the selection candidates.

Results
Based on a 0.01 rate of pedigree-based inbreeding, GSD realised 14 to 33% more genetic gain than GOS for all breeding schemes depending on PWS and litter size. GSD increased the prediction accuracy of EBV for PWS by at least 14% compared to GOS. The use of a linear versus a threshold model did not have an impact on genetic gain for PWS regardless of the genotyping strategy and the bias of the EBV did not differ significantly among genotyping strategies.

Conclusions
Genotyping both dead and live animals was more informative than genotyping only live animals to predict the EBV for PWS of selection candidates, but with marginal increases in genetic gain when the proportion of dead animals genotyped was 60% or greater. Therefore, it would be worthwhile to use genomic information on both live and more than 20% dead animals to compute EBV for the genetic improvement of PWS under the assumption that dead animals reflect increased liability on the underlying scale.
Routine preoperative assessment for cataract surgery is a source of frustration for primary care providers
Authors: Ron Donna , Zegans Michael , Chen Catherine L. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Cataract surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures performed in older adults in the United States and is generally considered to be extremely low-risk. As of 2019, routine preoperative evaluation within 30 days of surgery is no longer mandated by the United States of America (USA) Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) for ambulatory surgery centers, but it is unclear how primary care providers perceive this change.

Methods
We performed a qualitative analysis of semi-structured interviews with six primary care providers to explore primary care providers’ perspectives on routine preoperative assessment for cataract surgery.

Results
Primary care providers commented on the large number of referrals they receive for preoperative assessment before cataract procedures. The analysis revealed an overarching sentiment of resentment over the time, effort, and resources expended on these assessments. Themes included the lack of awareness of the updated regulations that no longer require a history and physical to be completed within 30 days and the perception of a universal lack of medical necessity to perform preoperative assessment for cataract surgery. Providers also commented on the strain on limited resources and the burden on patients. The relationship between specialties and professional roles emerged as another important theme.

Conclusions
Referrals for preoperative clearance for cataract surgery continue to burden providers, patients, and the health system, and represent an opportunity to streamline care in this patient population.
The impact of eHealth use on general practice workload in the pre-COVID-19 era: a systematic review
Authors: Keuper Jelle , van Tuyl Lilian H. D. , de Geit Ellemarijn , Rijpkema Corinne , Vis Elize , Batenburg Ronald , Verheij Robert 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
In recent years, eHealth has received much attention as an opportunity to increase efficiency within healthcare organizations. Adoption of eHealth might consequently help to solve perceived health workforce challenges, including labor shortages and increasing workloads among primary care professionals, who serve as the first point of contact for healthcare in many countries.
The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the impact of general eHealth use and specific eHealth services use on general practice workload in the pre-COVID-19 era.

Methods
The databases of CINAHL, Cochrane, Embase, IEEE Xplore, Medline ALL, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched, using combinations of keywords including ‘eHealth’, ‘workload’, and ‘general practice’. Data extraction and quality assessment of the included studies were independently performed by at least two reviewers. Publications were included for the period 2010 – 2020, before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results
In total, 208 studies describing the impact of eHealth services use on general practice workload were identified. We found that two eHealth services were mainly investigated within this context, namely electronic health records and digital communication services, and that the largest share of the included studies used a qualitative study design. Overall, a small majority of the studies found that eHealth led to an increase in general practice workload. However, results differed between the various types of eHealth services, as a large share of the studies also reported a reduction or no change in workload.

Conclusions
The impact of eHealth services use on general practice workload is ambiguous. While a small majority of the effects indicated that eHealth increased workload in general practice, a large share of the effects also showed that eHealth use reduced workload or had no impact. These results do not imply a definitive conclusion, which underscores the need for further explanatory research. Various factors, including the study setting, system design, and the phase of implementation, may influence this impact and should be taken into account when general practices adopt new eHealth services.

Study registration number
PROSPERO (International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews) CRD42020199897; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=199897.
An organisation working mainly reactively instead of proactively: a qualitative study of how frail users of home care services and their next of kin experience crises
Authors: Myhre Janne , Bergh Sverre , Kirkevold Øyvind , Lichtwarck Bjørn 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundFrail people receiving home care services face an increased risk of developing crisis, which can result in adverse events, coercive measures, and acute institutionalisation. The prevalence of frailty is expected to increase due to the ageing population in most countries. However, our knowledge of the process leading to crises among frail community-dwelling patients remains limited. The aim of our study was to explore how users of home care services and their next of kin experienced crises and how these crises were approached by home care services.MethodsA qualitative explorative design with 21 interviews was conducted. We explored crises within the last year that had led to an acute institutionalisation (hospital or nursing home) or to an unstable situation with high risk of institutionalisation. Systematic text condensation (STC) was used to analyse the data.ResultsOur findings are summarised into one overarching theme; an organisation working mainly reactively instead of proactively, which is supported by four subthemes: (1) insufficient communication—a determinant of crises, (2) the lack of a holistic approach, (3) a sense of being a burden, and (4) the complexity of crises. The reactive approach is demonstrated in the participant’s experience of insufficient communication and the lack of a holistic approach from the service, but also in the user’s sense of being a burden, which seems to be reinforced by the experienced busyness from the staff in the home care services. This reactive approach to crises seems to have contributed to difficulties in detecting the various stressors involved in the complex process leading to crisis.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that home care services tend to be characterised by a reactive approach to rising instability and the development of crises for users. This can be interpreted as an emergent property of the organisation and the adaptation towards exceeding demands due to insufficient capacity in health care services. We recommend the use of multicomponent care programmes comprising interdisciplinary case conferences in home care services to implement a cultural change that can shift the service from a reactive, fragmented, and task-oriented approach to a more proactive approach.
Diurnal timing of physical activity and risk of colorectal cancer in the UK Biobank
Authors: Stein Michael J. , Baurecht Hansjörg , Bohmann Patricia , Fervers Béatrice , Fontvieille Emma , Freisling Heinz , Friedenreich Christine M. , Konzok Julian , Peruchet-Noray Laia , Sedlmeier Anja M. , Leitzmann Michael F. , Weber Andrea 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Physical activity reduces colorectal cancer risk, yet the diurnal timing of physical activity in colorectal cancer etiology remains unclear.

Methods
This study used 24-h accelerometry time series from UK Biobank participants aged 42 to 79 years to derive circadian physical activity patterns using functional principal component analysis. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations with colorectal cancer risk.

Results
Among 86,252 participants (56% women), 529 colorectal cancer cases occurred during a median 5.3-year follow-up. We identified four physical activity patterns that explained almost 100% of the data variability during the day. A pattern of continuous day-long activity was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.94, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.89–0.99). A second pattern of late-day activity was suggestively inversely related to risk (HR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.85–1.02). A third pattern of early- plus late-day activity was associated with decreased risk (HR = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.80–0.99). A fourth pattern of mid-day plus night-time activity showed no relation (HR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.88–1.19). Our results were consistent across various sensitivity analyses, including the restriction to never smokers, the exclusion of the first 2 years of follow-up, and the adjustment for shift work.

Conclusions
A pattern of early- plus late-day activity is related to reduced colorectal cancer risk, beyond the benefits of overall activity. Further research is needed to confirm the role of activity timing in colorectal cancer prevention.
The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic experiences on attitudes towards vaccinations: on the social, cultural and political determinants of preferred vaccination organization models in Poland
Authors: Żuk Piotr , Żuk Paweł 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
The article describes attitudes towards vaccinations in Poland in relation to issues such as voluntary versus compulsory vaccinations, the method of financing vaccinations, the method of organizing and carrying out vaccinations, the cognitive and educational aspect of vaccines (how to obtain knowledge about vaccines) and the preferred model of work and research on new vaccines. Taking into account these issues, the authors have created four ideal models of preferred vaccination policies: (a) the market model; (b) the state model; (c) the vaccine hesitancy model; and (d) the civic–social model. This perspective makes it possible to better understand and learn about the various motives behind the attitudes of anti-vaccination movements, as well as to notice cracks and divisions among vaccination supporters and their attitudes towards the financing and organization of vaccinations.

Methods
The study was carried out using the CATI method on a representative random-quota sample of Polish society of 1000 people aged 18 and over. The study took age, sex, education and the size of the place of residence into account.
Additionally, in the Socio-demographic factors influencing attitudes towards vaccination practices in Poland section, we used the chi-squared test and regression analysis of factors influencing vaccination practices in Poland. PASW Statistics 18 (a version of SPSS) software was used for statistical analysis. Significant correlations were demonstrated at a significance level of 0.05% Pearson.

Results
This article has shown that attitudes towards vaccinations are embedded in broader divisions and orientations related to the vision of the social order: the role of the state, the organization of healthcare and payments for vaccinations and medical services, as well as preferred ways of knowledge production in society and work on new vaccines. The political sympathies and the age of the respondents were the most important variables influencing vaccination behaviour. The education of the respondents was less important.

Conclusions
A few years after the peak of the pandemic, the scope of anti-vaccination attitudes in Polish society ranges from 20% of the population (dogmatic anti-vaxxers) to 30% (vaccine hesitancy occurring depending on attitudes towards vaccinations).
Study protocol: Optimising patient positioning for the planning of accelerated partial breast radiotherapy for the integrated magnetic resonance linear accelerator: OPRAH MRL
Authors: Dean Jenna , Anderson Nigel , Halkett Georgia K. B. , Lye Jessica , Tacey Mark , Foroudi Farshad , Chao Michael , Wright Caroline 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is an accepted treatment option for early breast cancer. Treatment delivered on the Magnetic Resonance integrated Linear Accelerator (MRL) provides the added assurance of improved soft tissue visibility, important in the delivery of APBI. This technique can be delivered in both the supine and prone positions, however current literature suggests that prone treatment on the MRL is infeasible due to physical limitations with bore size. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of positioning patients on a custom designed prone breast board compared with supine positioning on a personalised vacuum bag. Geometric distortion, the relative position of Organs at Risk (OAR) to the tumour bed and breathing motion (intrafraction motion) will be compared between the supine and prone positions. The study will also investigate the positional impact on dosimetry, patient experience, and position preference.

Methods
Up to 30 patients will be recruited over a 12-month period for participation in this Human Research Ethics Committee approved exploratory cohort study. Patients will be scanned on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Simulator in both the supine and prone positions as per current standard of care for APBI simulation. Supine and prone positioning comparisons will all be assessed on de-identified MRI image pairs, acquired using appropriate software. Patient experience will be explored through completion of a short, anonymous electronic survey. Descriptive statistics will be used for reporting of results with categorical, parametric/non-parametric tests applied (data format dependent). Survey results will be interpreted by comparison of percentage frequencies across the Likert scales. Thematic content analysis will be used to interpret qualitative data from the open-ended survey questions.

Discussion
The results of this study will be used to assess the feasibility of treating patients with APBI in the prone position on a custom designed board on the MRL. It may also be used to assist with identification of patients who would benefit from this position over supine without the need to perform both scans. Patient experience and technical considerations will be utilised to develop a tool to assist in this process.
Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR): ACTRN1262400067583. Registered 28th of May 2024. https://www.anzctr.org.au/ACTRN12624000679583.aspx
The potential benefit of artificial intelligence regarding clinical decision-making in the treatment of wrist trauma patients
Authors: Keller Marco , Rohner Meret , Honigmann Philipp 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPurposeThe implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) in health care is gaining popularity. Many publications describe powerful AI-enabled algorithms. Yet there’s only scarce evidence for measurable value in terms of patient outcomes, clinical decision-making or socio-economic impact. Our aim was to investigate the significance of AI in the emergency treatment of wrist trauma patients.MethodTwo groups of physicians were confronted with twenty realistic cases of wrist trauma patients and had to find the correct diagnosis and provide a treatment recommendation. One group was assisted by an AI-enabled application which detects and localizes distal radius fractures (DRF) with near-to-perfect precision while the other group had no help. Primary outcome measurement was diagnostic accuracy. Secondary outcome measurements were required time, number of added CT scans and senior consultations, correctness of the treatment, subjective and objective stress levels.ResultsThe AI-supported group was able to make a diagnosis without support (no additional CT, no senior consultation) in significantly more of the cases than the control group (75% vs. 52%,p = 0.003). The AI-enhanced group detected DRF with superior sensitivity (1.00 vs. 0.96,p = 0.06) and specificity (0.99 vs. 0.93,p = 0.17), used significantly less additional CT scans to reach the correct diagnosis (14% vs. 28%,p = 0.02) and was subjectively significantly less stressed (p = 0.05).ConclusionThe results indicate that physicians can diagnose wrist trauma more accurately and faster when aided by an AI-tool that lessens the need for extra diagnostic procedures. The AI-tool also seems to lower physicians' stress levels while examining cases. We anticipate that these benefits will be amplified in larger studies as skepticism towards the new technology diminishes.
The effect of on-site and on-call nurse on exclusive breastfeeding in two different hospital settings: a prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Latorre Giuseppe , Martinelli Domenico , Capozza Manuela , Grosso Francesca Maria , Laforgia Nicola , Baldassarre Maria Elisabetta 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Exclusive breastfeeding during postpartum hospitalization is very important for ensuring the success of breastfeeding at home. The aim of the study is to determine if the on-site nurse in rooming in improves exclusive breastfeeding ratio.

Methods
We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to evaluate exclusive breastfeeding during the first three months of life in two Neonatology Units in the South of Italy with different hospital settings: Ente Ecclesiastico Miulli of Acquaviva delle Fonti with on-site nurse h24 (on-site group) and Policlinico of Bari with nurse available on call h24 from Neonatology Unit (on-call group).

Results
A total of 564 mother-baby dyads were admitted from 3 January to 31 March 2018 (299 in on-site group and 265 in on-call group). In the overall population, exclusive breastfeeding rate was 76.4% at 90-days, confirming the role of nurse and rooming in, independently of modality of setting. Considering the way of delivery, in infants from cesarean section there were higher rates for exclusive breastfeeding at 30 and 90 days of life in on-site group.

Conclusions
We can assume that the presence of a nurse h24 could better identify breastfeeding problems. Our study suggests the role of on-site nurse during rooming in to encourage exclusive breastfeeding until three months of life in mothers who underwent caesarean section.
Extracellular vesicle miRNome during subclinical mastitis in dairy cows
Authors: Cuccato Matteo , Divari Sara , Giannuzzi Diana , Grange Cristina , Moretti Riccardo , Rinaldi Andrea , Leroux Christine , Sacchi Paola , Cannizzo Francesca Tiziana 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBovine mastitis is one of the main inflammatory diseases that can affect the udder during lactation. Somatic cell counts and sometimes microbiological tests are routinely adopted during monitoring diagnostics in dairy herds. However, subclinical mastitis is challenging to identify, reducing the possibility of early treatments. The main aim of this study was to investigate the miRNome profile of extracellular vesicles isolated from milk as potential biomarkers of subclinical mastitis. Milk samples were collected from a total of 60 dairy cows during routine monitoring tests. Small RNA sequencing technology was applied to extracellular vesicles of milk samples collected from cows classified according to the somatic cell count to identify differences in the miRNome between mastitic and healthy cows. A total of 1997 miRNAs were differentially expressed between both groups. Among them, 68 miRNAs whose FDRs were < 0.05 were mostly downregulated, with only one upregulated miRNA (i.e., miR-361). Functional analysis revealed that miR-455-3p, miR-503-3p, miR-1301-3p and miR-361-5p are involved in the regulation of several biological processes related to mastitis, including immune system-related processes. This study suggests the involvement of extracellular vesicle-derived miRNAs in the regulation of mastitis. Moreover, these findings provide evidence that miRNAs from milk extracellular vesicles can be used to identify biomarkers of mastitis. However, further studies must be conducted to validate these miRNAs, especially for subclinical diagnosis.
A review of the growth behaviour of stands and trees in even-aged, monospecific forest
Authors: West P. W. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Key message
Metabolic, physiological and inter-tree competitive processes interact to determine long-term growth behaviour of stands and individual trees of even-aged, monospecific forests.

Context
Even-aged, monospecific forests go through an initial phase from seedling establishment to full canopy development, then follows a progressive decline in growth rate, leading eventually to tree senescence and death. Individual trees show a relationship between their maximum possible growth rates and their sizes (hence ages), maxima that show a progressive decline as the trees grow larger. Growth rates are further restricted by competition with their neighbours for access from the site to the light, water and mineral nutrients essential to their growth. To ensure they remain standing upright and can access the resources they need, trees must maintain a balance between the sizes of both their above- and below-ground parts.

Aims
This review aimed to summarise what is known about the various biological factors that control these growth processes, both at the stand and individual tree levels.

Conclusions
The principal factors determining growth behaviour are species characteristics, environmental circumstances of the site on which the forest is growing, availability from the site of the resources essential to growth, sizes (hence ages) of individual trees, competition between neighbours for growth resources and partitioning of growth between the parts of individuals to maintain an appropriate balance between their sizes.