bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy is not what it used to be!
Authors: Swaminathan Shriram , Chacko Bobby 
Published: October 2024

AbstractImmunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide and thought to be a benign disease. Recent literature review would suggest otherwise, with outcomes remaining generally poor. Few patients do not progress to kidney failure in their lifetime even in population groups previously thought to be low risk. The previously established treatment approach predominantly focuses on supportive care through renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system inhibition and steroid‐based immunosuppression in selected cases. However, recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying this disease process have allowed for the development of new target therapies. This brief review provides an overview of improved understanding of IgA nephropathy and novel therapeutic strategies.
Electronic conductivity and strength of GeSbS‐AgI chalcogenide glass reinforced by the carbon nanofibers
Authors: Yang Jianqing , Wu Xingyu , Wu Dong , Zhao Yongkun , Yang Guang , Zhang Xianghua , Lu Ping , Xu Yinsheng 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDue to their excellent chemical properties, mechanical strength and electrical conductivity, carbon nanofibers (CNFs)‐doped materials show immense potential in energy storage, electromagnetic shielding, aerospace, and other fields. In this study, we propose a new highly conductive chalcogenide glassy composites: 0.6[40GeS2‐60Sb2S3]−0.4(AgI)‐xCNFs (GSSA‐xCNFs), where x = 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 wt%. The mechanical behaviors of the glass composites were significantly improved due to the strong cohesive bonding at the CNFs/glass interfaces. The introduction of 2.0 wt% CNFs has raised the hardness from 1.35 to 1.66 GPa; meanwhile, Young's modulus increased from 22.3 to 25.8 GPa. The doped Ag ions endow the chalcogenide glass with excellent electrical properties. Moreover, the introduction of CNFs further enhanced the DC conductivity of glassy composites from 2.79 × 106 to 4.48 × 10−5 S/m at 293 K due to a percolation network of CNFs formed when its concentration from 0 to 2.0 wt%. Additionally, positive temperature dependence of resistance was observed in the glassy composites, possible mechanisms have been discussed based on the determined thermodynamic features, microscopic morphology, and structural characteristics of the composites.
Beyond Earth's shield: The surprising way antioxidants could pave the road to Mars
Authors: Skirzewski Miguel , Skirzewski Aureliano 
Published: October 2024

AbstractInterplanetary travel poses serious risks because of Galactic cosmic radiations (GCRs). A recent study by Sanghee et al. revealed long‐term cognitive impairments in female mice exposed to a 33‐beam GCR simulator, highlighting persistent risks for astronauts. The study's use of touchscreen tasks, similar to human cognitive tests, enhances its relevance for space missions. Additionally, the antioxidant/anti‐inflammatory compound CDDO‐EA showed potential in mitigating these cognitive deficits. While offering critical insights into GCR effects, the study emphasizes the need for further research into protective strategies, including dietary interventions, to ensure astronaut safety on extended missions beyond Earth's protective shield.
Understanding the Situational Antecedents of CEO Regulatory Focus
Authors: Graf‐Vlachy Lorenz , Neville François , Short Cole Evan , Völkl Franz Xaver 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDespite the impact of CEO regulatory focus on a wide range of organizational outcomes, most research does not consider how regulatory focus can vary based on situational factors. Taking an interactionist perspective rooted in industrial‐organizational psychology, we propose that CEO regulatory focus exhibits variance driven by situational factors, namely, a CEO's job demands. Integrating this perspective with regulatory focus theory and research on executive job demands, we theorize and test the extent to which CEO regulatory focus is influenced by relative firm performance, with stakeholder activism and CEO tenure as moderators of this relationship. Using a sample of large U.S. companies, our tests offer evidence for how situational factors cause CEO regulatory focus to vary. We conclude our work by developing a research agenda regarding situational antecedents of CEOs' intrapersonal constructs more broadly.
Armillaria Species Causing Kiwifruit Vine Decline and Root Rot in Northeastern Türkiye: A Growing Concern for Kiwifruit Health
Authors: Türkkan Muharrem , Bozoğlu Tuğba , Derviş Sibel , Erper İsmail , Özer Göksel 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTKiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) production in northeastern Türkiye is facing an emerging threat from Armillaria root rot. Surveys conducted in August 2021 and 2022 revealed that 10.5%–17.5% of the 200–500 vines within each of 35 kiwifruit orchards in the Perşembe, Gülyalı and Altınordu districts of Ordu province exhibited symptoms of Armillaria root rot, including complete defoliation. Diseased plants exhibited diagnostic signs on their root collars and woody roots, including white mycelial fans, extensive wood rot and rhizomorphs. A single Armillaria isolate was obtained from each of the 35 symptomatic orchards. Molecular identification, employing DNA sequencing of the large subunit (LSU) region of rDNA, the translation elongation factor subunit 1‐alpha (TEF1) gene and the second largest RNA polymerase II B‐subunit (RPB2) gene, identified 20 isolates as Armillaria gallica and 15 as A. mellea. Phylogenetic analyses, based on TEF1 alignments, further supported the species identification with a 100% bootstrap value. To examine genetic diversity, start codon targeted (SCoT) marker 13 was used, successfully differentiating the two Armillaria species and revealing three distinct clades. Clades I and II comprised 15 and 5 isolates of A. gallica, respectively, while Clade III contained all 15 A. mellea isolates. Pathogenicity testing on kiwifruit seedlings (cv. Hayward) revealed the ability of both A. gallica and A. mellea isolates to induce disease. Rhizomorph‐producing isolates in kiwifruit seedlings displayed high virulence, inducing severe leaf necrosis and seedling mortality, while isolates lacking these structures were non‐pathogenic. This study identifies the first global instance of A. gallica causing kiwifruit root rot. This finding, along with the identification of A. mellea as a causal agent in the country, highlights the emerging threat of Armillaria root rot to kiwifruit production in the region.
Periodontal Ligament Reactions to Orthodontic Force: A Transcriptomic Study on Maxillary and Mandibular Human Premolars
Authors: Zhao Zuodong , Tarce Mihai , Georgopoulou Maria , Zong Chen , Van Holm Wannes , Attanasio Catia , Pedano Mariano Simón , de Llano‐Pérula Maria Cadenas 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTAimsOrthodontic force (OF) induces a variety of reactions in the periodontal ligament (PDL) that could potentially account for individual variability regarding orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). This study investigates the transcriptomic profile of human PDL tissue subjected to OF in vivo for 7 and 28 days, additionally comparing the differences between maxillary and mandibular PDL.MethodsHealthy patients requiring orthodontic premolar extractions were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control (CG) where no OF was applied, 7 days and 28 days, where premolars were extracted either 7 or 28 days after the application of a 50–100 g OF. Total RNA was extracted from the PDL tissue and analyzed via RNA‐seq. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified using a false discovery rate and fold change threshold of < 0.05 and ≥ 1.5 respectively. Functional and Protein–Protein Interaction analysis were performed.ResultsAfter 7 days of OF, the reaction of PDL to OF is characterized by cell responses to stress, increased bone resorption, inflammation and immune response, and decreased bone formation. In contrast, after 28 days, bone regeneration is more prominent, and processes of bone homeostasis, immune response, and cell migration are present. The response of maxillary and mandibular PDL was different. Bone resorption was observed in the maxilla at 7 and 28 days, while in the mandible expression of cell proliferation and transcriptional activity were predominant after 28 days of OF.ConclusionsThe early reaction of the PDL to OF corresponds with increased bone resorption and decreased bone formation. After 28 days, bone formation became more prominent. The maxillary and mandibular PDL present asynchronous responses during OTM. These findings enhance our comprehension of the mechanisms underlying the origin‐specific responses of PDL to different lengths of OF, which is potentially relevant in the development of personalized therapeutic strategies.
Effects of geographical location and size on the functional properties of harvest mouse Micromys minutus nests in Great Britain
Authors: Hutchings C. , Goodman A. M. , Deeming D. C. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractNest construction is a feature of a range of taxa, yet the functional properties of nests are poorly understood. Avian nests offer thermal insulation, structural support and protection from rain, but to date there are few studies that have explored these functions for mammal nests. Here nests constructed by harvest mice (Micromys minutus) were studied ex situ to determine the thermal insulation provided by the nest wall and the degree to which simulated rainfall was absorbed. Nests were collected from across Great Britain and analysis explored whether nest size and geographical location affected insulation or rainproofing. Nests were constructed from grass leaves woven into an outer wall that surrounded smaller pieces of grass that filled the interior of the nest. Nest mass was positively related to thermal insulation but unrelated to geographical location. By contrast, nest mass was positively related to the amount of water nest absorbed after simulated rain but volume and longitude were inversely related to the time it took the nest to dry out. In many ways, harvest mice nests had similar functional properties to those of small songbirds, i.e., to provide thermal insulation and rainproofing. This study was the first to explore the environmental protection potentially offered to harvest mice by their nests. The study has highlighted our poor understanding of the factors that determine the function of mammal nests. There is scope for more research into the functional properties, e.g., thermal insulation or rainproofing, of a wide variety of mammal nests.
Global Trends and Inequalities of Liver Complications Related to Metabolic Dysfunction‐Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: An Analysis From 1990 to 2021
Authors: Lu Fang , Liu Jinli , She Bingyang , Yang Hailin , Ji Fanpu , Zhang Lei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundMetabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease is a significant driver of the increasing global burden of chronic liver disease. This study aimed to describe the temporal trends and inequalities of liver complications related to metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (LC‐MASLD) by geographical region, age and sex during 1990–2021.MethodsGlobal Burden of Diseases Study 2021 data were analysed to assess LC‐MASLD incidence, prevalence, mortality and disability‐adjusted life years (DALYs). Temporal trends during 1990–2021 were measured by ‘estimated annual percentage change’ (EAPC). Inequalities of LC‐MASLD burden across countries were evaluated by the slope index of inequality (SII) and the relative concentration index (RCI).ResultsDuring 1990–2021, LC‐MASLD rose annually by 0.73% in incidence and prevalence, 0.19% in mortality and 0.16% in DALYs. In 2021, the Middle East and North Africa had the highest incidence and prevalence and Andean and Central Latin America had the highest mortality and DALY rates. While LC‐MASLD incidence was earliest in the 15–19 age group, both prevalence and DALY rates peaked at 75–79 years for both sexes. Inequalities in mortality and DALYs by countries' socioeconomic development index increased during 1990–2021, demonstrated by a decline in SII from −0.09 to −0.56 per 100 000 for mortality and from 1.41 to −7.74 per 100 000 for DALYs. RCI demonstrated similar findings.ConclusionThe LC‐MASLD burden is increasing globally, especially in economically disadvantaged countries, with widening disease inequalities during 1990–2021. Effective prevention and subregional interventions are crucial, with a specific focus on resource optimisation for disadvantaged populations.
The impact of web‐based education provided to parents on the nutritional risk of preschoolers: A quasi‐experimental study
Authors: Azak Merve , Gözen Duygu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of web‐based nutrition education for parents of preschool children in reducing nutritional risk. The study was conducted in a one‐group pretest–posttest quasi‐experimental design. Parents of 3–5‐year‐old children from 11 preschools in Istanbul participated. They underwent a web‐based nutrition education program. The NutriSTEP assessment tool was used to evaluate the nutritional risk score as a pretest assessment, followed by the training program. Posttests were conducted at 1‐ and 3‐month intervals. Before the intervention, 55.8% of the children exhibited high nutritional risk. After the intervention, this percentage decreased significantly at the 1‐month and 3‐month follow‐ups, with 94.2% and 93.6% of the children classified as low risk, respectively. The analysis also revealed significant associations between children's eating behaviours and factors such as maternal education, family income and family structure. As a result, web‐based nutrition education was effective in reducing nutritional risk among preschool children. The findings underscore the importance of using technology for nutrition interventions, especially in diverse populations. The training program's simple, short and understandable video increased participants' interest in the training and encouraged regular follow‐up.
Experiences of parents with very premature‐born children at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders: A qualitative study
Authors: Ropero‐Padilla Carmen , Rodriguez‐Arrastia Miguel , Bernabé‐Zuñiga José Enrique , Alias Castillo Antonio Javier , Rueda‐Ruzafa Lola , del Mar Sánchez‐Joya María 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundPremature birth is a traumatic and stressful situation for parents who are immediately separated from their infant because of the newborn's need for specialized care. The staff of these units are in charge of following the principles of family‐centred care and practices for neonates at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including providing training to the family during their hospital stay and after being discharged.AimsThe aim of this study is to explore the perceptions of parents of premature children at risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in regard to care, interventions and assistance provided during the first months of their child's life.Study DesignA qualitative descriptive study was carried out through individual interviews. The data analysis was conducted through a thematic analysis. The methodology and results were reported following the standards for preparing qualitative research reports and recommendations.ResultsTwenty‐one parents of premature children were interviewed. From these interviews, three main themes emerged: (i) parents' perspectives on preterm birth risk communication, (ii) navigating parental support and early interventions in preterm birth and (iii) perceptions of preterm birth protective and challenging factors.ConclusionsThe parents of premature children need to receive better communication about the care and interventions for their child, and it is necessary that health personnel are better trained in terms of management and administration of public resources. Strategies must be implemented that continuously guide parents on the follow‐up and care of their premature child not only during their first moments of life but also after being discharged from the hospital.Relevance to Clinical PracticeThis study highlights the need to improve care for parents with premature infants at risk, emphasizing the necessity for health care system reforms and support structures, allowing health care professionals to enhance attention and care.
Gingival Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia and Cancer: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Vergier Valentin , Porporatti André Luís , Babajko Sylvie , Taihi Ihsène 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveProliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is an oral potentially malignant disorder. Forms that affect only one tissue are poorly studied, especially the exclusively gingival PVL (gPVL), which may have a more increased malignant transformation potential. The aim of the present study was to characterise the gPVL and its risk of malignant transformation to better raise awareness of this specific disorder.Materials and MethodsThe systematic review was performed on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Only articles reporting primary studies, case reports and case series were included. The meta‐analysis was performed for the cancer prevalence, proportion of smokers, age and sex ratio, recurrences of gPVL and mortality.ResultsA total of 1298 studies were assessed for eligibility by reading titles and abstracts. Fourteen original articles were included with a total of 58 patients. The malignant transformation rate of gPVL was 47.75%. The mortality was 5.84%. The mean follow‐up duration before malignant transformation was 3 years.ConclusiongPVL seems to have a faster malignant transformation rate than the other forms of PVL. Finding anatomo‐pathological or genetic markers could be a line of research to predict gPVL malignant transformation and improve its diagnosis and treatment.
Effect of Multimorbidity on Old‐Age Disability Among Adults Over 50 Years Old: Evidence From a Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Lu Jiao , Li Yanping , Cao Lijing , Zhao Heng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis is a meta‐analysis study to assess the relationship between multimorbidity and disability among older adults over 50 years old. Population‐based studies, aged ≥ 50 years, assessing associations between multimorbidity (numbers and patterns) and disability in older adults, and reporting risk estimation with odds ratios (OR), were included. Homogeneity (I2), risk of bias, and publication bias were assessed. PROSPERO registration: 411007, and this meta‐analysis was reported in accordance with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Twelve studies were included. For the older adults with 2 chronic conditions and ≥ 3 chronic conditions, the ORs of disability are 2.52 (95% CI 2.30–2.76) and 3.38 (95% CI 3.05–3.75), respectively. Among three multimorbidity patterns, the combination of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases pattern (OR 8.01, 95% CI 7.60–8.44) had the highest disability incidence rate. Chronic conditions in the multimorbidity patterns of combination of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases and mental health problems have an enhancement effect (1 + 1 > 2) on old‐age disability impairment, whereas those in the multimorbidity pattern of musculoskeletal disorders have a dampening effect (1 + 1 < 2). The differentiated and specific early interventions should be developed based on the different multimorbidity patterns to prevent the old‐age functional decline and disability in older adults.
Exogenous Melatonin Enhances Moisture Stress Tolerance in Mango (Mangifera indica L.) through Alleviating Oxidative Damages
Authors: Trivedi Ajaya Kumar , Shukla Sushil Kumar , Pandey Ghanshyam , Singh Achal 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn subtropical regions, April to June represents a temporary moisture stress for mango trees, leading to huge economic loss. Although water is available in the deep root zone, the upper soil surface, which has fibrous roots, is dry, and the tree transpiration rate is high. Moisture stress causes an increased oxidation state, which is detrimental to fruit growth and development. Finding substitutes for moisture stress management is important for sustainable mango production.To manage this moisture stress in mango, we tested if foliar application of 20, 50, 100 and 150 μM melatonin helped to maintain a reduced oxidation state in the cells. Applications were made at three phenological stages of fruit development (marble, egg and mature fruit stages) in 16‐year‐old trees and the same plants for each treatment were followed over three years.Melatonin application indeed improved the fruit yield of mango. Moisture stress decreased yield by 55.94% compared to irrigated trees but only by 7.5% in melatonin treatment. Also, more ‘A' grade fruits were harvested in irrigated and melatonin‐treated conditions than in non‐irrigated and non‐treated conditions.Indeed, the total chlorophyll content in the leaves of moisture‐stressed melatonin‐treated trees (12.58 mg.g−1 fresh weight) was well above non‐treated trees (6.77 mg.g−1) and similar to irrigated trees (12.50 mg.g−1). A dose‐dependent increase in the chlorophyll content of melatonin‐treated plants was found. Similarly, the activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxidase dismutase enzymes in leaves of irrigated and melatonin‐treated trees were lower than in non‐irrigated condition, and superoxide free radial formation was lower in moisture‐stressed melatonin‐treated trees (0.77 nmol H2O2.mg−1 protein) and irrigated trees (0.65) than moisture‐stressed non‐treated trees (4.27). Significant variations was found in antioxidants (total, reduced and oxidized glutathione and ascorbate) content and antioxidant enzymes' activities (i.e., glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase) in irrigated, melatonin‐treated and non‐irrigated conditions.Overall, 150 μM exogenous melatonin applied three times at different fruit development stages may be a sustainable and useful approach to manage transient moisture stress in mango trees thanks to its positive action on the antioxidant system.
Analysis of postdisaster economy using high‐resolution disaster and economy simulations
Authors: Gill Amit , Lalith Maddegedara , Hori Muneo , Ogawa Yoshiki 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe present an integrated framework that utilizes high‐resolution seamless simulations of disasters and national economies for estimating the economic impacts of disasters. The framework consists of three components: a physics‐based simulator to simulate the disaster and estimate the response of the infrastructure; a tool that estimates the losses suffered by the infrastructure based on its response; and an agent‐based economic model (ABEM) that simulates the national economy considering the infrastructure damage and postdisaster decisions of the economic entities. The ABEM used in the framework has been implemented in a high‐performance computing environment to simulate large economies at 1:1 scale. Furthermore, it has been calibrated to the Japanese economy using publicly available macroeconomic data and validated to the Japanese economy under the business‐as‐usual scenario. We demonstrate the integrated framework by simulating a potential Nankai‐trough earthquake disaster and estimating its impacts on the Japanese economy. The seismic response of 1.8 million buildings of the Osaka‐bay area has been estimated using a large‐scale earthquake disaster simulator and corresponding repair costs are estimated using the Performance Assessment Calculation Tool. As per our estimates, repair costs amount to approximately 15 trillion Yen. Considering the investments made by impacted households and firms toward recovery, the postdisaster economy is simulated using the ABEM for 5 years under two recovery scenarios. Industrial production is expected to recover in three quarters whereas 10–13 quarters will be required to finish all the repair work.