bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsurgical resection of brain arteriovenous malformations in the elderly: outcomes analysis and risk stratification
Authors: Burkhardt Jan-Karl , Lasker George F. , Winkler Ethan A. , Kim Helen , Lawton Michael T. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEFew outcomes studies have been published on microsurgical resection of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in elderly patients, and most are limited by a small sample size and the heterogeneous application of treatment modalities. This study aimed to determine whether functional outcomes at last follow-up (LFU) in patients 60 years or older differed when stratified by age.METHODSPatients 60 years or older (n = 104) who had undergone microsurgical AVM resection (total, n = 72; 60–65 years, n = 35; and > 65 years, n = 37) or observation (n = 32) were identified from a prospective database. Age, sex, Spetzler-Martin (SM) grade, supplemented SM grade, clinical presentation, AVM location, AVM-associated aneurysms, and functional outcome measured using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS score 0–2 [favorable] vs mRS score > 2 [unfavorable]) at LFU were analyzed.RESULTSAVM patients undergoing microsurgical resection were younger, had lower AVM grades, and were more likely to present with rupture. Overall outcome in the surgical group was favorable in 71% of the patients and was statistically significantly better in patients 60–65 years old (p = 0.039). In patients older than 65 years, outcome was dependent on SM grade and level of preexisting functional dependence. Patients with supplemented SM grades of greater than 6 points had favorable outcomes that were age dependent (p = 0.029). This difference was not observed in patients with lower supplemented SM grades or in those with low or high preoperative SM grades (SM grade ≤ 2 and grade ≥ 4, respectively).CONCLUSIONSThis study demonstrates that favorable outcomes can be achieved with microsurgical resection of AVMs in elderly patients, with careful patient selection. Outcomes in more elderly patients (> 65 years of age) are more dependent on preoperative SM and supplemented SM grading than those in younger cohorts.
Developing a pediatric neurosurgical training model
Authors: Craven Claudia L. , Cooke Martyn , Rangeley Clare , Alberti Samuel J. M. M. , Murphy Mary 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEOne of the greatest challenges of pediatric neurosurgery training is balancing the training needs of the trainee against patient safety and parental expectation. The traditional “see one, do one, teach one” approach to training is no longer acceptable in pediatric neurosurgery. The authors have developed the baby Modeled Anatomical Replica for Training Young Neurosurgeons (babyMARTYN). The development of this new training model is described, its feasibility as a training tool is tested, and a new approach of integrating simulation into day-to-day training is suggested.METHODSIn part 1 (development), a prototype skull was developed using novel model-making methods. In part 2 (validation), 18 trainee neurosurgeons (at various stages in training) performed the following 4 different procedures: 1) evacuation of a posterior fossa hematoma; 2) pterional craniotomy; 3) tapping of the fontanelle to obtain a CSF specimen; and 4) external ventricular drain insertion. Completion of the procedural stages (scored using a curriculum-based checklist) was used to test the feasibility of babyMARTYN as a training tool. Likert scale–based questionnaires were used to assess the model for face and content validity. Training benefit was assessed using pre- and posttraining ratings on the Physician Performance Diagnostic Inventory Scale (PPDIS). To determine the significance of improvement in median PPDIS score, the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test was performed.RESULTSIn part 1 (development), the model was successfully developed with good fidelity. In part 2 (validation), the validation data demonstrated feasibility, face, and content validity. The PPDIS score significantly increased for all groups after babyMARTYN training, thereby indicating a potential future role for babyMARTYN in the training of pediatric neurosurgeons.CONCLUSIONSThis recent collaborative neurosurgical development by the Royal College of Surgeons of England is designed to supplement current neurosurgical training. High-fidelity, portable, operation-specific models enable preoperative planning and have the potential to be used in an operating room environment prior to novel operations. A “see one, simulate one, do one” approach for pediatric neurosurgical training using babyMARTYN is suggested.
De Novo Transcriptome Reconstruction of a Thermo‐Sensitive Male Sterility Mutant in Rapeseed (Brassica napus; Brassicaceae)
Authors: Liu Xi‐Qiong , Yu Cheng‐Yu , Dong Jun‐Gang , Xu Ai‐Xia , Hu Sheng‐Wu 
Published: December 2017

Premise of the study: SP2S is a spontaneous thermo‐sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) mutation that facilitates two‐line hybrid breeding in Brassica napus (Brassicaceae). De novo assembly of the floral bud transcriptome of SP2S can provide a foundation for deciphering the transcriptional regulation of SP2S in response to temperature change.
Methods: mRNAs of the young floral buds of SP2S and its near‐isogenic line SP2F grown under cool (16°C)/warm (22°C) conditions were sequenced on an Illumina Solexa platform, producing 239.7 million short reads with a total length of 19.95 Gbp.
Results: The reads were assembled de novo using the Trinity program, resulting in 135,702 transcripts with an average length of 784 bp, an N50 value of 1221 bp, and a total length of 107 Mbp. We identified 24,157 cDNA‐derived simple sequence repeats in the assembly. We found 137 and 195 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and 49 and 51 differentially regulated KEGG orthology groups when comparing sample SP2S at 22°C vs. SP2S at 16°C and sample SP2S at 22°C vs. SP2F at 22°C, respectively.
Discussion: The numerous differentially expressed genes and the derived single‐nucleotide polymorphisms show abnormal transcriptional regulation in the TGMS system. These results outline an intricate transcriptional regulation that occurred in the rapeseed TGMS SP2S when the temperature changed.
Triggered Star Formation inside the Shell of a Wolf–Rayet Bubble as the Origin of the Solar System
Authors: Dwarkadas Vikram V. , Dauphas Nicolas , Meyer Bradley , Boyajian Peter , Bojazi Michael 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
A critical constraint on solar system formation is the high

/27Al abundance ratio of

at the time of formation, which was about 17 times higher than the average Galactic ratio, while the 60Fe/56Fe value was about

, lower than the Galactic value. This challenges the assumption that a nearby supernova (SN) was responsible for the injection of these short-lived radionuclides into the early solar system. We show that this conundrum can be resolved if the solar system was formed by a triggered star formation at the edge of a Wolf–Rayet (W–R) bubble. 26Al is produced during the evolution of the massive star, released in the wind during the W–R phase, and condenses into dust grains that are seen around W–R stars. The dust grains survive passage through the reverse shock and the low-density shocked wind, reach the dense shell swept-up by the bubble, detach from the decelerated wind, and are injected into the shell. Some portions of this shell subsequently collapse to form the dense cores that give rise to solar-type systems. The subsequent aspherical SN does not inject appreciable amounts of

into the proto–solar system, thus accounting for the observed low abundance of

. We discuss the details of various processes within the model and conclude that it is a viable model that can explain the initial abundances of

and

. We estimate that 1%–16% of all Sun-like stars could have formed in such a setting of triggered star formation in the shell of a W–R bubble.
Type III Solar Radio Burst Source Region Splitting due to a Quasi-separatrix Layer
Authors: McCauley Patrick I. , Cairns Iver H. , Morgan John , Gibson Sarah E. , Harding James C. , Lonsdale Colin , Oberoi Divya 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present low-frequency (80–240 MHz) radio imaging of type III solar radio bursts observed by the Murchison Widefield Array on 2015 September 21. The source region for each burst splits from one dominant component at higher frequencies into two increasingly separated components at lower frequencies. For channels below ∼132 MHz, the two components repetitively diverge at high speeds (0.1c–0.4c) along directions tangent to the limb, with each episode lasting just ∼2 s. We argue that both effects result from the strong magnetic field connectivity gradient that the burst-driving electron beams move into. Persistence mapping of extreme-ultraviolet jets observed by the Solar Dynamics Observatory reveals quasi-separatrix layers (QSLs) associated with coronal null points, including separatrix dome, spine, and curtain structures. Electrons are accelerated at the flare site toward an open QSL, where the beams follow diverging field lines to produce the source splitting, with larger separations at larger heights (lower frequencies). The splitting motion within individual frequency bands is interpreted as a projected time-of-flight effect, whereby electrons traveling along the outer field lines take slightly longer to excite emission at adjacent positions. Given this interpretation, we estimate an average beam speed of 0.2c. We also qualitatively describe the quiescent corona, noting in particular that a disk-center coronal hole transitions from being dark at higher frequencies to bright at lower frequencies, turning over around 120 MHz. These observations are compared to synthetic images based on the MHD algorithm outside a sphere (MAS) model, which we use to flux-calibrate the burst data.
Quand l’État fait son marché, quels effets pour les opérateurs ?
Authors: Berthet Thierry , Bourgeois Clara 
Published: December 2017

À partir de l’après-guerre, le placement des demandeurs d’emploi est un monopole d’État confié à une agence publique, l’Agence nationale pour l’emploi (ANPE). Le milieu des années 2000 a été le moment d’un tournant qui opère une brèche dans ce monopole en amplifiant le recours à des quasi-marchés de prestataires privés. En dépit d’une sémantique qui fait une place centrale à la notion de « marché » du travail et de l’emploi, cet article s’attachera à démontrer que la régulation des prestations d’accompagnement et de placement offertes aux chômeurs demeure entre les mains de l’opérateur public. L’analyse de la genèse de la sous-traitance dans la politique de l’emploi permet de révéler que ce phénomène obéit davantage à des impératifs contextuels qu’à une perspective stratégique globale et qu’il demeure marginal. De plus, l’analyse du fonctionnement concret des marchés de prestations aux chômeurs via les pratiques des prestataires de services permet de mettre en valeur le poids des instruments d’action publique au regard du renforcement des rapports de force entre acteurs de l’insertion professionnelle.
An evaluation of three methods for measuring black carbon in Alert, Canada
Authors: Sharma Sangeeta , Leaitch W. Richard , Huang Lin , Veber Daniel , Kolonjari Felicia , Zhang Wendy , Hanna Sarah J. , Bertram Allan K. , Ogren John A. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Absorption of sunlight by black carbon (BC) warms the atmosphere, which may be important for Arctic climate. The measurement of BC is complicated by the lack of a simple definition of BC and the absence of techniques that are uniquely sensitive to BC (e.g., Petzold et al., 2013). At the Global Atmosphere Watch baseline observatory in Alert, Nunavut (82.5° N), BC mass is estimated in three ways, none of which fully represent BC: conversion of light absorption measured with an Aethalometer to give equivalent black carbon (EBC), thermal desorption of elemental carbon (EC) from weekly integrated filter samples to give EC, and measurement of incandescence from the refractory black carbon (rBC) component of individual particles using a single particle soot photometer (SP2). Based on measurements between March 2011 and December 2013, EBC and EC are 2.7 and 3.1 times higher than rBC, respectively. The EBC and EC measurements are influenced by factors other than just BC, and higher estimates of BC are expected from these techniques. Some bias in the rBC measurement may result from calibration uncertainties that are difficult to estimate here. Considering a number of factors, our best estimate of BC mass in Alert, which may be useful for evaluation of chemical transport models, is an average of the rBC and EC measurements with a range bounded by the rBC and EC combined with the respective measurement uncertainties. Winter-, spring-, summer-, and fall-averaged (± atmospheric variability) estimates of BC mass in Alert for this study period are 49 ± 28, 30 ± 26, 22 ± 13, and 29 ± 9 ng m−3, respectively. Average coating thicknesses estimated from the SP2 are 25 to 40 % of the 160–180 nm diameter rBC core sizes. For particles of approximately 200–400 nm optical diameter, the fraction containing rBC cores is estimated to be between 10 and 16 %, but the possibility of smaller undetectable rBC cores in some of the particles cannot be excluded. Mass absorption coefficients (MACs) ± uncertainty at 550 nm wavelength, calculated from light absorption measurements divided by the best estimates of the BC mass concentrations, are 8.0 ± 4.0, 8.0 ± 4.0, 5.0 ± 2.5 and 9.0 ± 4.5 m2 g−1, for winter, spring, summer, and fall, respectively. Adjusted to better estimate absorption by BC only, the winter and spring values of MACs are 7.6 ± 3.8 and 7.7 ± 3.8 m2 g−1. There is evidence that the MAC values increase with coating thickness.
Thermodynamic structure of the convective boundary layer (CBL) over the Indian monsoon region during CAIPEEX campaigns
Authors: Mehta Sanjay Kumar , Ojha Devendra , Mehta Shyam , Anand Devarajan , Rao Daggumati Narayana , Annamalai Vanmathi , Ananthavel Aravindhavel , Ali Saleem 
Published: December 2017

Abstract. Spatial and temporal variability in the convective boundary layer (CBL) height for the Cloud Aerosol Interaction and Precipitation Enhancement Experiment (CAIPEEX) study period are examined using the data collected from high-resolution radiosondes during May–September 2009 over the Indian monsoon region. In total, 57 radiosonde launchings were carried out at ∼ 11:00–17:00 IST over six different stations covering a large geographical region, ranging from latitude ∼ 13 to 32° N and longitude 73 to 92° E. Of the total 57 launchings, 17 were made during cloudy conditions during which relative humidity (RH) was found to be greater than 83 % for an ∼ 1.0 km layer at various altitudes below 6 km. Within the layer the difference between saturated equivalent potential temperature and equivalent potential temperature is small, and it satisfies the condition that RH > 83 % for about 1 km is considered as the cloudy layer. There are eight cases when the cloud-topped boundary layer (CTBL) and 19 cases when fair-weather boundary layer (FWBL) is observed. The CBL heights are obtained using thermodynamic profiles, which vary from ∼ 0.4 to 2.5 km a. g. l.  The formation of the cloud layers above the boundary layer generally lowers the CBL height and is responsible for its day-to-day variability. The development of the cloud beneath the boundary layer generally elevates the CBL, which is also responsible for the large day-to-day variability in the CBL. The FWBL identified using relative invariance of the thermodynamic profiles varies from ∼ 2.0 to 5.5 km, which is clearly marked by a local minimum in the refractivity gradient. During cloudy days, the CBL is found to be shallow and the surface temperature lower when compared to clear-sky days. The CBL and the lifting condensation level (LCL) heights are randomly related and are found to be at a lower height during cloudy days when compared to clear-sky days. Finally, the typical comparison between the CBL height obtained using thermodynamic profiles and backscattering profiles using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) is examined.
Escrever sob o fascínio da imagem – ressonâncias entre o pensamento de Maurice Blanchot e Georges Didi-Huberman
Authors: Hack Lilian , Da Silva Édio Raniere 
Published: December 2017

Resumo O artigo problematiza o conceito de imagem a partir do pensamento de Maurice Blanchot e Georges Didi-Huberman. Explorando especialmente os conceitos de duplicidade da imagem em Blanchot e dupla distância do olhar em DidiHuberman, pretende-se verificar os pontos em que se faz convergir nesses autores um modo de operar o pensamento e a escrita sobre a arte em sua relação com a imagem. Nesse jogo, sujeito e objeto são lançados a uma instabilidade, movimento em que o sujeito se desfaz de si mesmo pela imagem, se desfaz de si no encontro com uma obra. Momento em que a imagem solicita a palavra e em que a língua torna-se o lugar desde onde podemos nos aproximar dela. AbstractThe article problematizes the concept of image from the thinking of Maurice Blanchot and Georges Didi-Huberman. Exploring especially the concepts of duplicity of the image in Blanchot and double distance of the look in Didi-Huberman, it is intended to compose a starting plan that will allow to verify the points in which one converges in these authors a way of operating the thought about art in its relation to the image. In this game subject and object are thrown into an instability, a movement in which the subject undoes himself by the image, he discards himself in the encounter with a work. Moment when the image asks for the word and where the language becomes the place from which we can approach it. ResumenEl artículo problematiza el concepto de imagen a partir del pensamiento de Maurice Blanchot y Georges DidiHuberman. Examinando especialmente los conceptos de duplicidad de la imagen en Blanchot y doble distancia de la mirada en Didi-Huberman, se pretende verificar los puntos en los que se hace converger en esos autores un modo de operar el pensamiento y la escritura sobre el arte en su relación con la imagen. En ese juego, sujeto y objeto son lanzados a una inestabilidad, movimiento en que el sujeto se deshace de sí mismo por la imagen, se deshace de sí en el encuentro con una obra. Momento en el que la imagen pide la palabra y en el que la lengua se convierte en el lugar desde donde podemos acercarnos a ella.
COMBATE À VIOLÊNCIA NO ENSINO MÉDIO: TRABALHO COM OFICINAS EDUCATIVAS QUE OPORTUNIZAM A (CON)VIVÊNCIA DEMOCRÁTICA NA ESCOLA
Authors: Brito Robson Figuereido 
Published: December 2017

<p>O tema violência na escola não é novo e está na ordem do dia, em nossa sociedade, por essa razão, este artigo trata de apresentar uma experiência de pesquisa-ação a partir da interlocução da Universidade e Escola Pública da Educação Básica em Belo Horizonte. Este trabalho trata de revelar o posicionamento do autor, pesquisador do Núcleo de Estudos da Linguagem, Letramento e Formação (NELLF) referente à realização de Oficinas Educativas concebidas como espaço do vínculo, da participação, da comunicação e da produção e interação social entre alunos do Ensino Médio, professores de Língua Portuguesa da Escola Pública Parceria, estudantes da Graduação e do Mestrado/Doutorado em Letras - Linguística e Língua Portuguesa, da PUC Minas no Projeto Leitura e Escrita no ensino médio: demandas para a ação e a formação de professores, caminhos para novas práticas. Criou-se oficinas educativas para o combate à violência na escola a partir da escuta atenta de professores e alunos sobre a realidade socioemocional, cultural e pedagógica de uma Escola Estadual, na região oeste, da cidade de Belo Horizonte, que durante a pesquisa esteve em parceria com o curso de Letras e outros cursos de Licenciatura, da referida universidade. O resultado dessa parceria foi dar voz aos alunos do Ensino Médio que participaram das atividades das oficinas em especial a relacionada ao tema: inclusão e exclusão social. Os alunos manifestam o seu posicionamento sobre esse tema e trazem para a cena do espaço escolar como é difícil ter de lidar com as diferenças identitárias que atravessam o seu modo de pensar, agir e dizer no cotidiano escolar.</p><p> </p><p>PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Violência. Discurso. Identidade. Pesquisa-ação. Oficinas educativas.</p>
Fourier Transform Surface Plasmon Resonance (FTSPR) with Gyromagnetic Plasmonic Nanorods
Authors: Jung Insub , Yoo Haneul , Jang Hee‐Jeong , Cho Sanghyun , Lee Kyungeun , Hong Seunghun , Park Sungho 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAn unprecedented active and dynamic sensing platform based on a LSPR configuration that is modulated by using an external magnetic field is reported. Electrochemically synthesized Au/Fe/Au nanorods exhibited plasmonically active behavior through plasmonic coupling, and the middle ferromagnetic Fe block responded to a magnetic impetus, allowing the nanorods to be modulated. The shear force variation induced by the specific binding events between antigens and antibodies on the nanorod surface is used to enhance the sensitivity of detection of antigens in the plasmonics‐based sensor application. As a proof‐of‐concept, influenza A virus (HA1) was used as a target protein. The limit of detection was enhanced by two orders of magnitude compared to that of traditional LSPR sensing.
Evaluation of land‐use change effects on runoff and soil erosion of a hilly basin — the Yanhe River in the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Yang Kaijie , Lu Changhe 
Published: December 2017

AbstractStarting in 1999, the Grain‐for‐Green Programme has been implemented in the Loess Plateau to alleviate the severe soil erosion by converting steeply sloping croplands to forestlands or grasslands. To quantify the effects of these conservation efforts, this study identified the land‐use changes between 2000 and 2015 and quantified their impacts on runoff and erosion using the Soil and Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) and a typical hilly basin, the Yanhe River basin as a case‐study. To heighten the applicability of SWAT to the region, major model parameters were localized and calibrated for the period of 1975–1980 and were then validated for 1981–1987. The R2 and NS validation indices were 0.70 and 0.65 for the monthly runoff and 0.67 and 0.61 for the sediment load, indicating that the model performance was acceptable. Between 2000 and 2015, the slope croplands were reduced by 39.9%, the forestlands increased by 90.2%, and the grasslands increased by 12.9%. These land‐use changes were simulated using SWAT to reduce the basin runoff by 13.8% and the sediment load by 50.7%. Spatial analyses using ArcGIS indicated that the simulated reduction in water yield due to cropland conversion to forestland was more obvious than that due to the conversion to grassland, but the reductions in the sediment yields were similar. The results suggest that the Grain‐for‐Green practice during this period was effective for preventing soil and water losses.