bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antibody-Based Immunotherapy To Treat and Prevent Infection with Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Diago-Navarro Elizabeth , Calatayud-Baselga Isabel , Sun Donglei , Khairallah Camille , Mann Inderjit , Ulacia-Hernando Amaia , Sheridan Brian , Shi Meiqing , Fries Bettina C. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT

Hypervirulent
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(hv
Kp
) strains are predicted to become a major threat in Asia if antibiotic resistance continues to spread. Anticapsular antibodies (Abs) were developed because disseminated infections caused by hv
Kp
are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, even with antibiotic-sensitive strains. K1-serotype polysaccharide capsules (K1-CPS) are expressed by the majority of hv
Kp
strains. In this study, K1-CPS-specific IgG Abs were generated by conjugation of K1-CPS to immunogenic anthrax protective antigen (PA) protein. Opsonophagocytic efficacy was measured
in vitro
and
in vivo
by intravital microscopy in murine livers.
In vivo
protection was tested in murine models, including a novel model for dissemination in hv
Kp
-colonized mice. Protective efficacy of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 4C5 (IgG1) and 19A10 (IgG3) was demonstrated both in murine sepsis and pulmonary infection. In hv
Kp
-colonized mice, MAb treatment significantly decreased dissemination of hv
Kp
from the gut to mesenteric lymph nodes and organs. Intravital microscopy confirmed efficient opsonophagocytosis and clearance of bacteria from the liver.
In vitro
studies demonstrate that MAbs work predominantly by promoting FcR-mediated phagocytosis but also indicate that MAbs enhance the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In anticipation of increasing antibiotic resistance, we propose further development of these and other
Klebsiella
-specific MAbs for therapeutic use.
Rapid Detection of Common HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations by Use of High-Resolution Melting Analysis and Unlabeled Probes
Authors: Sacks David , Ledwaba Johanna , Morris Lynn , Hunt Gillian M. 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTHIV rapidly accumulates resistance mutations following exposure to subtherapeutic concentrations of antiretroviral drugs that reduces treatment efficacy. High-resolution melting analysis (HRMA) has been used to successfully identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and to genotype viral and bacterial species. Here, we tested the ability of HRMA incorporating short unlabeled probes to accurately assign drug susceptibilities at the 103, 181, and 184 codons of the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase gene. The analytical sensitivities of the HRMA assays were 5% of mixed species for K103N and Y181C and 20% for M184V. When applied to 153 HIV-1 patient specimens previously genotyped by Sanger population sequencing, HRMA correctly assigned drug sensitivity or resistance profiles to 80% of the samples at codon 103 (K103K/N) (Cohen's kappa coefficient [κ] > 0.6;P< 0.05), 90% at 181 (Y181Y/C) (κ > 0.74,P< 0.05), and 80% at 184 (M184M/V) (κ > 0.62;P< 0.05). The frequency of incorrect genotypes was very low (≤1 to 2%) for each assay, which in most cases was due to the higher sensitivity of the HRMA assay. Specimens for which drug resistance profiles could not be assigned (9 to 20%) often had polymorphisms in probe binding regions. Thus, HRMA is a rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive method for the determination of drug sensitivities caused by major HIV-1 drug resistance mutations and, after further development to minimize the melting effects of nontargeted polymorphisms, may be suitable for surveillance purposes.
YopJ Family Effectors Promote Bacterial Infection through a Unique Acetyltransferase Activity
Authors: Ma Ka-Wai , Ma Wenbo 
Published: October 2016

SUMMARY

Gram-negative bacterial pathogens rely on the type III secretion system to inject virulence proteins into host cells. These type III secreted “effector” proteins directly manipulate cellular processes to cause disease. Although the effector repertoires in different bacterial species are highly variable, the
Yersinia
outer protein J (YopJ) effector family is unique in that its members are produced by diverse animal and plant pathogens as well as a nonpathogenic microsymbiont. All YopJ family effectors share a conserved catalytic triad that is identical to that of the C55 family of cysteine proteases. However, an accumulating body of evidence demonstrates that many YopJ effectors modify their target proteins in hosts by acetylating specific serine, threonine, and/or lysine residues. This unique acetyltransferase activity allows the YopJ family effectors to affect the function and/or stability of their targets, thereby dampening innate immunity. Here, we summarize the current understanding of this prevalent and evolutionarily conserved type III effector family by describing their enzymatic activities and virulence functions in animals and plants. In particular, the molecular mechanisms by which representative YopJ family effectors subvert host immunity through posttranslational modification of their target proteins are discussed.
Long-term prognosis after out-of-hospital resuscitation of cardiac arrest in trauma patients: prehospital trauma-associated cardiac arrest
Authors: Duchateau François-Xavier , Hamada Sophie , Raux Mathieu , Gay Matthieu , Mantz Jean , Paugam Burtz Catherine , Gauss Tobias ,   Traumabase Group
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAlthough prehospital cardiac arrest (CA) remains associated with poor long-term outcome, recent studies show an improvement in the survival rate after prehospital trauma associated CA (TCA). However, data on the long-term neurological outcome of TCA, particularly from physician-staffed Emergency Medical Service (EMS), are scarce, and results reported have been inconsistent. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients admitted to several trauma centres after a TCA.MethodsThis study is a retrospective database review of all patients from a multicentre prospective registry that experienced a TCA and had undergone successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) prior their admission at the trauma centre. The primary end point was neurological outcome at 6 months among patients who survived to hospital discharge.Results88 victims of TCA underwent successful CPR and were admitted to the hospital, 90% of whom were victims of blunt trauma. Of these 88 patients, 10 patients (11%; CI 95% 6% to 19%) survived to discharge: on discharge, 9 patients displayed a GCS of 15 and Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) 1–2 and one patient had a GCS 7 and CPC of 3. Hypoxia was the most frequent cause of CA among survivors. 6-month follow-up was achieved for 9 patients of the 10 surviving patients. The 9 patients with a good outcome on hospital discharge had a CPC of 1 or 2 6 months post discharge. All returned to their premorbid family and social settings.ConclusionsAmong patients admitted to hospital after successful CPR from TCA, hypoxia as the likely aetiology of arrest carried a more favourable prognosis. Most of the patients successfully resuscitated from TCA and surviving to hospital discharge had a good neurological outcome, suggesting that prehospital resuscitation may not be futile.
USO DE PLACEBOS EM PESQUISAS COM FINS COMERCIAIS: LIMITAÇÕES JURÍDICAS À LUZ DO ORDENAMENTO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Rivabem Fernanda Schaefer 
Published: October 2016

Muito se discutem as pesquisas em seres humanos com uso de placebos sob o ponto de vista bioético, em especial à luz dos princípios bioéticos da autonomia, justiça e equidade. No entanto, não desconsiderando a importância dessas discussões, o assunto deve ser pensado também sob seu aspecto jurídico, particularmente no que se refere às pesquisas com fins comerciais. O presente artigo, a partir de pesquisa bibliográfica interdisciplinar, tem por objetivo discutir, à luz do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, como devem ser tratadas as relações jurídicas decorrentes das pesquisas com uso de placebos financiadas por laboratórios e farmacêuticas e como devem ser aferidas as responsabilidades em caso de danos provocados ao pesquisado.
Comprehensive Analysis of Established Dyslipidemia-Associated Loci in the Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Varga Tibor V. , Winters Alexandra H. , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Horton Edward S. , Khare-Ranade Prajakta , Knowler William C. , Marcovina Santica M. , Renström Frida , Watson Karol E. , Goldberg Ronald , Florez José C. , Pollin Toni I. , Franks Paul W. 
Published: October 2016

Background—
We assessed whether 234 established dyslipidemia-associated loci modify the effects of metformin treatment and lifestyle intervention (versus placebo control) on lipid and lipid subfraction levels in the Diabetes Prevention Program randomized controlled trial.

Methods and Results—

We tested gene treatment interactions in relation to baseline-adjusted follow-up blood lipid concentrations (high-density lipoprotein [HDL] and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) and lipoprotein subfraction particle concentrations and size in 2993 participants with pre–diabetes. Of the previously reported single-nucleotide polymorphism associations, 32.5% replicated at
P
<0.05 with baseline lipid traits. Trait-specific genetic risk scores were robustly associated (3×10
–4
>
P
>1.1×10
–16
) with their respective baseline traits for all but 2 traits. Lifestyle modified the effect of the genetic risk score for large HDL particle numbers, such that each risk allele of the genetic risk scores was associated with lower concentrations of large HDL particles at follow-up in the lifestyle arm (β=−0.11 µmol/L per genetic risk scores risk allele; 95% confidence interval, −0.188 to −0.033;
P
=5×10
–3
;
P
interaction
=1×10
–3
for lifestyle versus placebo), but not in the metformin or placebo arms (
P
>0.05). In the lifestyle arm, participants with high genetic risk had more favorable or similar trait levels at 1-year compared with participants at lower genetic risk at baseline for 17 of the 20 traits.

Conclusions—
Improvements in large HDL particle concentrations conferred by lifestyle may be diminished by genetic factors. Lifestyle intervention, however, was successful in offsetting unfavorable genetic loading for most lipid traits.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique Identifier: NCT00004992.
Variations in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Care: A Report From the International Consortium of Vascular Registries
Authors: Beck Adam W. , Sedrakyan Art , Mao Jialin , Venermo Maarit , Faizer Rumi , Debus Sebastian , Behrendt Christian-Alexander , Scali Salvatore , Altreuther Martin , Schermerhorn Marc , Beiles Barry , Szeberin Zoltan , Eldrup Nikolaj , Danielsson Gudmundur , Thomson Ian , Wigger Pius , Björck Martin , Cronenwett Jack L. , Mani Kevin 
Published: October 2016

Background:
This project by the ICVR (International Consortium of Vascular Registries), a collaboration of 11 vascular surgical quality registries, was designed to evaluate international variation in the contemporary management of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) with relation to recommended treatment guidelines from the Society for Vascular Surgery and the European Society for Vascular Surgery.

Methods:
Registry data for open and endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) during 2010 to 2013 were collected from 11 countries. Variations in patient selection and treatment were compared across countries and across centers within countries.

Results:

Among 51 153 patients, 86% were treated for intact AAA (iAAA) and 14% for ruptured AAA. Women constituted 18% of the entire cohort (range, 12% in Switzerland–21% in the United States;
P
<0.01). Intact AAAs were repaired at diameters smaller than recommended by guidelines in 31% of men (<5.5 cm; range, 6% in Iceland–41% in Germany;
P
<0.01) and 12% of women with iAAA (<5 cm; range, 0% in Iceland–16% in the United States;
P
<0.01). Overall, use of EVAR for iAAA varied from 28% in Hungary to 79% in the United States (
P
<0.01) and for ruptured AAA from 5% in Denmark to 52% in the United States (
P
<0.01). In addition to the between-country variations, significant variations were present between centers in each country in terms of EVAR use and rate of small AAA repair. Countries that more frequently treated small AAAs tended to use EVAR more frequently (trend: correlation coefficient, 0.51;
P
=0.14). Octogenarians made up 23% of all patients, ranging from 12% in Hungary to 29% in Australia (
P
<0.01). In countries with a fee-for-service reimbursement system (Australia, Germany, Switzerland, and the United States), the proportions of small AAA (33%) and octogenarians undergoing iAAA repair (25%) were higher compared with countries with a population-based reimbursement model (small AAA repair, 16%; octogenarians, 18%;
P
<0.01). In general, center-level variation within countries in the management of AAA was as important as variation between countries.

Conclusions:
Despite homogeneous guidelines from professional societies, significant variation exists in the management of AAA, most notably for iAAA diameter at repair, use of EVAR, and the treatment of elderly patients. ICVR provides an opportunity to study treatment variation across countries and to encourage optimal practice by sharing these results.
Smad Nuclear Interacting Protein 1 Acts as a Protective Regulator of Pressure Overload‐Induced Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy
Authors: Lu Yu‐yan , Xu Da‐chun , Zhao Yi‐fan , Zhu Guo‐fu , Zhu Meng‐yun , Liu Wei‐jing , Yu Xue‐jing , Chen Wei , Liu Zheng , Xu Ya‐wei 
Published: October 2016

Background

Smad nuclear interacting protein 1 (
SNIP
1) plays a critical role in cell proliferation, transformation of embryonic fibroblasts, and immune regulation. However, the role of
SNIP
1 in cardiac hypertrophy remains unclear.

Methods and Results

Here we examined the role of
SNIP
1 in pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy and its mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that
SNIP
1 expression was downregulated in human dilated cardiomyopathic hearts, aortic banding‐induced mice hearts, and angiotensin
II
–treated cardiomyocytes. Accordingly,
SNIP
1 deficiency significantly exacerbated aortic banding–induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction, whereas cardiac‐specific overexpression of
SNIP
1 markedly recovered pressure overload–induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Besides that,
SNIP
1 protected neonatal rat cardiomyocytes against angiotensin
II
–induced hypertrophy in vitro. Moreover, we identified that
SNIP
1 suppressed nuclear factor‐κB signaling during pathological cardiac hypertrophy, and inhibition of nuclear factor‐κB signaling by a cardiac‐specific conditional inhibitor of κ

B
S

32A/S36A
transgene blocked these adverse effects of
SNIP
1 deficiency on hearts.

Conclusions

Together, our findings demonstrated that
SNIP
1 had protective effects in pressure overload–induced pathological cardiac hypertrophy via inhibition of nuclear factor‐κB signaling. Thus,
SNIP
1 may be a novel approach for the treatment of heart failure.
Relative Contributions of Arterial Stiffness and Hypertension to Cardiovascular Disease: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Niiranen Teemu J. , Kalesan Bindu , Hamburg Naomi M. , Benjamin Emelia J. , Mitchell Gary F. , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: October 2016

Background

The presence and implications of abnormal arterial stiffness, a potential independent predictor of outcomes, in community‐dwelling treated hypertensives is unknown. Furthermore, limited data exist regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease (
CVD
) associated with arterial stiffness across the entire range of blood pressure.

Methods and Results

We measured carotid‐femoral pulse wave velocity (
PWV
) and classical
CVD
risk factors in 2127 community‐dwelling participants (mean age 60 years, 57% women) of The Framingham Offspring Cohort. The participants were divided into 4 groups according to hypertension (yes/no, defined as blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg or use of antihypertensive treatment) and
PWV
status (high/low based on age‐ and sex‐specific median values) and followed up for
CVD
events (
CVD
death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, heart failure, and stroke). Sixty percent (233 of 390) of controlled and 90% (232 of 258) of uncontrolled treated hypertensives had high
PWV
. The multivariable‐adjusted risk for
CVD
events (n=248, median follow‐up 12.6 years) rose from normotension with low
PWV
(reference) to normotension with high
PWV
(hazard ratio 1.29, 95%
CI
0.83–2.00) and from hypertension with low
PWV
(hazard ratio 1.54, 95%
CI
1.01–2.36) to hypertension with high
PWV
(hazard ratio 2.25, 95%
CI
1.54–3.29).

Conclusions

A substantial proportion of treated hypertensives have high arterial stiffness, a finding that may explain some of the notable residual
CVD
risk associated with even well‐controlled hypertension. High
PWV
is associated with a trend towards increasing
CVD
risk in both nonhypertensives and hypertensives, a finding that may support the use of arterial stiffness measurements in both populations.
On Yugoslav Poststructuralism: Introduction to “Art,
Society/Text”
Authors: Dedić Nikola 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
“Umetnost, družba/tekst” was an editorial published in the Slovenian journal Problemi-Razprave (Problems-Debates) in 1975. The journal was the central outlet of the so-called Slovenian Lacanian school and as such the most important place for the reception of French anti-humanist philosophy in the former Yugoslavia. The concept of the journal was based on interpreting French post-structuralism in the spirit of the Tel Quel magazine, anti-humanist Marxism in the spirit of Louis Althusser, theoretical psychoanalysis in the spirit of Jacques Lacan and his followers, as well as on a special blend of Lacanian psychoanalysis and Althusserian ideology critique, which characterised the French journal Cahiers pour l'Analyse. One might also find theoretical and conceptual similarities between Problemi and other French post-structuralist periodicals, such as Peinture, cahiers théoriques and Cahiers du cinéma. The editorial presented here is thus a unique example of introducing structuralism, post-structuralism, and Lacanian psychoanalysis into debates about society, culture, ideology, and art in Yugoslavia in that time.
Art, Society/Text: A Few Remarks on the Current Relations of the
Class Struggle in the Fields of Literary Production and Literary
Ideologies
Authors:   Anonymous (Authorized by the Editors of Problemi-Razprave
Published: October 2016

Abstract
“Umetnost, družba/tekst” was an editorial published in the Slovenian journal Problemi-Razprave (Problems-Debates) in 1975. The journal was the central outlet of the so-called Slovenian Lacanian school and as such the most important place for the reception of French anti-humanist philosophy in the former Yugoslavia. The concept of the journal was based on interpreting French post-structuralism in the spirit of the Tel Quel magazine, anti-humanist Marxism in the spirit of Louis Althusser, theoretical psychoanalysis in the spirit of Jacques Lacan and his followers, as well as on a special blend of Lacanian psychoanalysis and Althusserian ideology critique, which characterised the French journal Cahiers pour l'Analyse. One might also find theoretical and conceptual similarities between Problemi and other French post-structuralist periodicals, such as Peinture, cahiers théoriques and Cahiers du cinéma. The editorial presented here is thus a unique example of introducing structuralism, post-structuralism, and Lacanian psychoanalysis into debates about society, culture, ideology, and art in Yugoslavia in that time.
Application of the Land–Atmosphere Coupling Paradigm to the Operational Coupled Forecast System, Version 2 (CFSv2)
Authors: Dirmeyer Paul A. , Halder Subhadeep 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Retrospective forecasts from CFSv2 are evaluated in terms of three elements of land–atmosphere coupling at subseasonal to seasonal time scales: sensitivity of the atmosphere to variations in land surface states, the magnitude of variability of land states and fluxes, and the memory or persistence of land surface anomalies. The Northern Hemisphere spring and summer seasons are considered for the period 1982–2009. Ensembles are constructed from all available pairings of initial land and atmosphere/ocean states taken from the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis at the start of April, May, and June among the 28 years, so that the effect of initial land states on the evolving forecasts can be assessed. Finally, improvement and continuance of forecast skill derived from accurate land surface initialization is related to the three coupling elements. It is found that soil moisture memory is the most broadly important element for significant improvement of realistic land initialization on forecast skill. However, coupling strength manifested through the elements of sensitivity and variability are necessary to realize the potential predictability provided by memory of initial land surface anomalies. Even though there is clear responsiveness of surface heat fluxes, near-surface temperature, humidity, and daytime boundary layer development to variations in soil moisture over much of the globe, precipitation in CFSv2 is unresponsive. Failure to realize potential predictability from land surface states could be due to unfavorable atmospheric stability or circulation states; poor quality of what is considered realistic soil moisture analyses; and errors in the land surface model, atmospheric model, or their coupled interaction.
Multiple Methods to Partition Evapotranspiration in a Maize Field
Authors: Wu Youjie , Du Taisheng , Ding Risheng , Tong Ling , Li Sien , Wang Lixin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Partitioning evapotranspiration (ET) into soil evaporation E and plant transpiration T is important, but it is still a theoretical and technical challenge. The isotopic technique is considered to be an effective method, but it is difficult to quantify the isotopic composition of transpiration δT and evaporation δE directly and continuously; few previous studies determined δT successfully under a non-steady state (NSS). Here, multiple methods were used to partition ET in a maize field and a new flow-through chamber system was refined to provide direct and continuous measurement of δT and δE. An eddy covariance and lysimeter (EC-L)-based method and two isotope-based methods [isotope combined with the Craig–Gordon model (Iso-CG) and isotope using chamber measurement (Iso-M)] were applied to partition ET. Results showed the transpiration fraction FT in Iso-CG was consistent with EC-L at both diurnal and growing season time scales, but FT calculated by Iso-M was less than Iso-CG and EC-L. The chamber system method presented here to determine δT under NSS and isotope steady state (ISS) was robust, but there could be some deviation in measuring δE. The FT varied from 52% to 91%, with a mean of 78% during the entire growing season, and it was well described by a function of LAI, with a nonlinear relationship of FT = 0.71LAI0.14. The results demonstrated the feasibility of the isotope-based chamber system to partition ET. This technique and its further development may enable field ET partitioning accurately and continuously and improve understanding of water cycling through the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum.