bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Costs and benefits of allomaternal care to mothers and others in wild Phayre's leaf monkeys
Authors: Vee Samantha , Borries Carola , Larney Eileen , Koenig Andreas 
Published: October 2024

AbstractObjectivesAllomaternal care (AMC) is suggested to be energetically beneficial to mothers and costly to allomothers. However, among primates, AMC is a heterogeneous phenomenon and its implications are less clear especially in female dispersal species. Here, we investigated infant care in a female dispersal species, Phayre's leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei crepusculus), to evaluate whether mothers were constrained by infant care and benefitted energetically from AMC, whether AMC was energetically costly for allomothers and how maternal experience was associated with AMC.Materials and MethodsData were collected via instantaneous focal animal sampling between 2004 and 2005 for juvenile and adult females (N = 18) from two groups at the Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Thailand (440 h). We used generalized linear mixed models to determine how infant care during the first month after birth affected the time mothers and allomothers spent feeding, socializing, resting, and locomoting and how AMC varied.ResultsIn the first month, infants spent 26% of their time with an allomother. We found no differences in mothers' overall activity before versus after birth, although mothers fed significantly more and rested less when without their infant. Allomothers fed and rested less when with an infant. AMC varied between 0.0% and 20.5%, with immature females being most active.DiscussionMothers appear to benefit energetically from AMC such that their overall activity after birth remained unchanged. Costs and benefits for allomothers seem to be variable. Some very active immature females may be benefitting from learning‐to‐mother. The overall low cost of AMC may facilitate a reciprocal social network among unrelated females.
Evaluating the updated LATE‐NC staging criteria using data from NACC
Authors: Woodworth Davis C. , Nguyen Katelynn M. , Sordo Lorena , Scambray Kiana A. , Head Elizabeth , Kawas Claudia H. , Corrada María M. , Nelson Peter T. , Sajjadi S. Ahmad 
Published: October 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONLimbic‐predominant age‐related TAR DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE‐NC) staging criteria were updated in 2023. We evaluated this updated staging using National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center data.METHODSWe examined associations of LATE‐NC stages with cognition and other neuropathologic changes (NCs), and with cognition while accounting for other NCs, using multilevel regression models.RESULTSOf 1352 participants, 502 (37%) had LATE‐NC (23% stage 1a, 6% stage 1b, 58% stage 2, 13% stage 3). LATE‐NC stages were associated with cognition, hippocampal sclerosis of aging (HS‐A), Alzheimer's disease NC (ADNC), Lewy bodies (LBs), and hippocampal atrophy. While stage 1b was associated with cognition and HS‐A consistent with other stages, it was not associated with ADNC or LBs. All LATE‐NC stages remained significantly associated with worse cognition when accounting for other NCs.DISCUSSIONThe updated LATE‐NC staging criteria capture variations in early TDP‐43 pathology spread which are consequential for cognition and associations with other NCs.Highlights
We applied the updated limbic‐predominant age‐related TAR DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa encephalopathy neuropathologic change (LATE‐NC) staging criteria to data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center.
LATE‐NC stage 1b was identified in 22% of participants with stage 1.
In contrast to other LATE‐NC stages, stage 1b was not associated with Alzheimer's disease neuropathologic change (ADNC) or Lewy bodies.
Stages 1a and 1b were significantly associated with dementia and memory impairment.
Stages 1b+ were more strongly tied to dementia than all other neuropathologic changes except high likelihood ADNC.
Modified streptozotocin‐induced diabetic model in rodents
Authors: Lennikov Anton , ElZaridi Farris , Yang Menglu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStreptozotocin (STZ)‐induced type I diabetes mellitus (DM) models have been pivotal in diabetes research due to their ability to mimic the insulin‐dependent hyperglycemia akin to human type I diabetes. However, these models often suffer from poor induction rates and low survival post‐STZ induction, especially in long‐term experiments, necessitating insulin supplementation, which introduces additional variables to experiments. To address this, we present a novel modification to the STZ‐induced DM model in C57BL/6J mice to improve survival rates without insulin supplementation. Our method involves non‐fasting, low‐dose STZ injections dissolved in pH‐neutral phosphate buffer saline instead of acidic sodium citrate buffer, administered over 5 days. We observed hyperglycemia induction in 94.28% of mice within a week post‐injection, with stable high blood glucose levels, stable body weight, and minimal mortality up to 21 weeks. Notably, omitting 10% sucrose in water and fasting did not affect hyperglycemia induction. Our findings suggest that the modified protocol not only decreases the experimental effort of the researchers, but reduces animal stress and mortality, thus enhancing experimental outcomes and animal welfare. By optimizing the STZ‐induced DM model in C57BL/6J mice, our study provides a valuable resource for researchers aiming to study diabetes and its complications while minimizing experimental variability and animal usage.
A Bis‐Boron Amino Acid for Positron Emission Tomography and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
Authors: Chen Junyi , Xu Mengxin , Li Zhu , Kong Ziren , Cai Jie , Wang Chunhong , Mu Bo‐Shuai , Cui Xi‐Yang , Zhang Zizhu , Liu Tong , Liu Zhibo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTrifluoroborate boronophenylalanine (BBPA) is a boron amino acid analog of 4‐boronophenylalanine (BPA) but with a trifluoroborate group (−BF3−) instead of a carboxyl group (−COOH). Clinical studies have shown that 18F−labeled BBPA ([18F]BBPA) can produce high‐contrast tumor images in positron emission tomography (PET). Beyond PET imaging, BBPA is a theranostic agent for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). Because BBPA possesses an identical chemical structure to BNCT and PET, it can potentially predict the boron concentration for BNCT using [18F]BBPA‐PET. The synthesis of BBPA was achieved by selectively fluorinating the α‐aminoborate compound, taking advantage of the varying rates of solvolysis of the B−F bond. The study showcased the high‐contrast [18F]BBPA‐PET imaging in various tumor models, highlighting its broad applicability for both [18F]BBPA‐PET and BBPA‐BNCT. [18F]BBPA‐PET tumor uptake remains consistent across various doses, including those used in BNCT. This enables accurate estimation of the boron concentration in tumors using [18F]BBPA‐PET. With its dual boron structure, BBPA increases boron concentration in tumor cells and tumor tissues compared to BPA. Thus, less boron carrier is needed. This study introduces a new theranostic boron carrier that enhances boron accumulation in tumors, predicts boron concentration, and enhances the accuracy and effectiveness of BNCT.
Single‐Molecule Conductance of Staffanes
Authors: Pimentel Ashley E. , Pham Lan D. , Carta Veronica , Su Timothy A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWe report the first conductance measurements of [n]staffane (bicyclopentane) oligomers in single‐molecule junctions. Our studies reveal two quantum transport characteristics unique to staffanes that emerge from their strained bicyclic structure. First, though staffanes are composed of weakly conjugated C−C σ‐bonds, staffanes carry a shallower conductance decay value (β=0.84±0.02 n−1) than alkane chain analogs (β=0.96±0.03 n−1) when measured with the scanning tunneling microscopy break junction (STM‐BJ) technique. Staffanes are thus more conductive than other σ‐bonded organic backbones reported in the literature on a per atom basis. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest staffane backbones are more effective conduits for charge transport because their significant bicyclic ring strain destabilizes the HOMO‐2 energy, aligning it more closely with the Fermi energy of gold electrodes as oligomer order increases. Second, the monostaffane is significantly lower conducting than expected. DFT calculations suggest that short monostaffanes sterically enforce insulating gauche interelectrode orientations over syn orientations; these steric effects are alleviated in longer staffanes. Moreover, we find that [2‐5]staffane wires may accommodate axial mechanical strain by “rod‐bending”. These findings show for the first time how bicyclic ring strain can enhance charge transmission in saturated molecular wires. These studies showcase the STM‐BJ technique as a valuable tool for uncovering the stereoelectronic proclivities of molecules at material interfaces.
One‐Pot Multicomponent Synthesis of Substituted 1,6‐Naphthyridine Derivatives Employing 4‐Aminocumarin
Authors: Ezzatzadeh Elham , Hojjati Mahsa , Parhami Azadeh , Hossaini Zinatossadat 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study synthesized 1,6‐naphthyridine as a novel class of fused heterocyclic compounds with high efficiency using a multicomponent reaction. The reaction involved benzaldehyde or its derivatives, 2 mol of malononitrile, and 4‐aminocumarin in an aqueous solution at room temperature in the presence of SiO2/Fe3O4@MWCNTs as a recyclable catalyst. This study examines the antioxidant properties of 1,6‐naphthyridine in addition to the other research undertaken in this work. The production process of 1,6‐naphthyridine demonstrated several advantageous features, including rapid reactions, high yields of the final product, and straightforward separation of the catalyst and product from the reaction mixture.
New Organoruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Andrographolide‐Appended Hydrazide Derivatives: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Anticancer Evaluation
Authors: Dhivakar P. , Kalaiarasi G. , Parveen S. , Alyami Nouf M. , Alkhattaf Fatimah S. , Prasad Priya 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTA new set of andrographolide‐appended hydrazide derivatives (AFC, AGC, and ATC) were prepared from the reaction of andrographolide with furan‐2‐carboxylic acid hydrazide (AFC), pyridine‐3‐carboxylic acid hydrazide (AGC), and thiophene 2‐carboxylic acid hydrazide (ATC), and their corresponding ruthenium(II) complexes (Ru‐AFC, Ru‐AGC, and Ru‐ATC) were synthesized by the direct reaction of [RuCl2(η6‐p‐cymene)]2 with ligands in dichloromethane under stirring condition. The compounds were analyzed by elemental analysis, IR, UV‐Vis, 1H NMR, and ESI‐MS spectrometric techniques, and the obtained spectral data revealed that the ligands coordinated to Ru(II) ion through their enone oxygen and amine nitrogen. Antioxidant activities of the ligands and complexes were calculated against DPPH•, ABTS•+, O2−, and NO• free radicals and their results were compared with standard antioxidants. The cytotoxic activity of the synthesized ligands and complexes toward A549 and HeLa cell lines was evaluated using MTT method (MTT = 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide). Among the compounds, the complex Ru‐AGC showed better cytotoxic effect against A549 and HeLa cancer cells with IC50 values of 4.75 ± 0.17 and 6.32 ± 0.26 μM, respectively. Further, the nontoxic nature of the compounds was confirmed by using human umbilical vein endothelial (HUVEC) cells. The apoptosis was inspected with AO/EB and DAPI staining methods; further, the percentages of the apoptotic and necrotic cells were determined by flow cytometry. Overall, the biological activities of our ruthenium(II)‐arene complexes were found to be more potent than their parent ligands due to chelation, and among the complexes, Ru‐AGC showed better activity due to the presence of pyridine ring in the N‐terminal position of the ligand. The obtained results highlighted the strong possibility to develop highly active ruthenium complexes as anticancer agents.
Catalyst‐free epoxy resins with high‐performance and excellent healing efficiency via interpenetrating networks
Authors: Li Chenxin , Huang Zhengyong , Yang Senyuan , Zhang Yingfan , Wang Chaofan , Li Jian 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe difficult recycling and degradation in cured epoxy resins can be solved by introducing dynamic covalent bonds. However, the introduction of dynamic bonds degrades the properties of epoxy resins. In this paper, the dual‐cured epoxy resin with high mechanical properties and high healing efficiency were obtained by constructing interpenetrating networks (IPNs). The effect of IPNs on the recyclability of epoxy resins was investigated. The performance is as follows, the flexural and tensile strengths is 89 and 54.2 MPa, respectively, and the breakdown strength is 32.5 kV/mm. In addition, the recyclability and high healing efficiency of the dual‐cured epoxy resin were verified, and the effect of the hot‐pressing temperature and time on the properties of the recycled samples were investigated. Under certain hot‐pressing conditions, the flexural and tensile strengths of the recycled samples were recovered to 95.06% and 85.28%, respectively, and the breakdown strength was recovered to 83.6%.
Cryptic Diversity of Mediterranean Neogoniolithon (Corallinales, Corallinophycidae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Ramos Dino Angelo E. , Del Río Jesús , Peñas Julio , Peña Viviana , Braga Juan C. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTNeogoniolithon is a widespread genus of non‐geniculate coralline algae in the Mediterranean Sea. Three vaguely differentiated species have been reported in the region. This study examined the diversity of Neogoniolithon in the Mediterranean by inferring phylogenies using psbA and COI‐5P markers, applying delimitation algorithms and comparing morpho‐anatomies of putative species. In contrast to previous reports, 13 species were delimited from the Mediterranean in two distant clades. Initial observations suggested that tetrasporangial conceptacle size might be used to separate the two clades. Only three species showed fruticose morphologies. Further morpho‐anatomical differentiation was difficult. One species included Mediterranean, Pacific and Atlantic samples, while three other species occurred in the Mediterranean and the Canary Islands. The global tree revealed that most species were geographically restricted. Crypticity in multiple lineages implied a much higher diversity than currently reported, even lacking samples from the eastern Mediterranean. Only sequence data can be used to identify these cryptic lineages. High endemism emphasizes the importance of conservation of coralline algal bioconstructions to prevent extinctions. The presence of cryptic diversity also invites a reassessment of the knowledge on species distributions that are important in conservation planning and management.
Not Everyone Likes Manatees: Fishers' Perceptions Unveil Opportunities and Challenges for Manatee Conservation in the Swamp Complex of Ayapel, Colombia
Authors: Ordoñez‐Nieto María Mercedes , Castelblanco‐Martinez Nataly , Jotty‐Arroyo Karick 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTGreater Caribbean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus face complex conservation challenges throughout their distribution range, many of which are associated with human factors; and in consequence, the subspecies is considered Endangered (EN) by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Human‐related threats as hunting for meat consumption, collisions with boats, entanglement in fishing nets, pollution and loss of habitat put the Greater Caribbean manatee at risk in Colombia. Studies aiming to describe traditional knowledge and local perceptions provide information that can be useful to design local manatee conservation programmes. We analyse the fishers' perceptions regarding manatees in Ayapel, Córdoba. One hundred semi‐structured interviews were conducted, focusing on personal data, fishing practices, perceptions and knowledge about the manatees. According to the interviews, bycatch is the greatest threat to manatees (56%), followed by pollution (16%), whereas boat collisions (12%), hunting (11%) and drought (5%) are lower ranking threats. Our results demonstrated that participants have a good understanding of manatee biology and ecology. However, a human–manatee conflict was evidenced, as 39% of fishers consider that manatees negatively impact fishing by competition for the fishing resources and/or by damaging fishing gear. We recommend strengthening awareness about the importance of manatee to guarantee an optimal management of this subspecies and its habitat. Fishers should be directly involved in the formulation of management and conservation plans for the subspecies, as their knowledge becomes critical to understanding and mitigating the risks to manatee populations. This work has a clear application to understand the human factor in manatee recovery not only in our study area but also in other locations where manatees share habitat with people, particularly in marginalized human communities.
Divergent Regioselective Synthesis of Functionalized 1,2,3‐1H‐Triazoles from Nitriles and Arylazides Under Metal‐Free and/or Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Petzold Pauli Fernanda , de Oliveira Lima Filho Edson , de Almeida Ribeiro Oliveira Gerlon , Morais Lião Luciano , Rangel Campos Vinicius , da Silva Magalhães Forezi Luana , Francisco Ferreira Vitor , de Carvalho da Silva Fernando 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHighly selective and divergent syntheses, which are crucial in both organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry, involve significant advancements in compound accessibility. By modifying α‐cyano esters into α‐cyano ketones, the synthesis pathway broadens to include a diverse range of 4‐CN, 5‐amino, and 5‐arylamino derivatives of 1,2,3‐triazoles, which are achieved notably through the Dimroth rearrangement. This versatility extends further with the potential for a triple cascade reaction, leading to the production of carboximidamide compounds, which are facilitated by the Cornforth rearrangement. Advancements in compound accessibility not only expand the repertoire of synthesized molecules but also open new avenues for potential pharmacological agents.Building on these findings, we have developed an innovative and efficient method for the divergent synthesis of functionalized 1,2,3‐triazoles. This method strategically utilizes α‐cyanocarbonyls and arylazides by harnessing their reactivity and compatibility to orchestrate a variety of molecular transformations. By optimizing these substrates, our goal is to simplify synthetic routes, improve product yields, and accelerate the discovery and development of new chemical entities with promising biological activities.
Rapid Detection of Explicit Volatile Organic Compounds for Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Using MoSi2N4 Monolayer
Authors: Panigrahi Puspamitra , Pal Yash , Pal Kaur Surinder , Vovusha Hakkim , Bae Hyeonhu , Nazir Shahid , Lee Hoonkyung , Panigrahi Akshay , Hussain Tanveer 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the adsorption and sensing capabilities of pristine (MoSi2N4) and nitrogen‐vacancy induced (MoSi2N4−VN) monolayers towards five potential lung cancer volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as 2,3,4‐trimethylhexane (C9H20), 4‐methyloctane (C9H20), o‐toluidine (C7H9N), Aniline (C6H7N), and Ethylbenzene (C8H10). Spin‐polarized density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that MoSi2N4 weakly adsorb the mentioned VOCs, whereas the introduction of nitrogen vacancies significantly enhances the adsorption energies (
), both in gas phase and aqueous medium. The MoSi2N4−VN monolayers exhibit a reduced bandgap and facilitate charge transfer upon VOCs adsorption, resulting in enhanced
values of −0.83, −0.76, −0.49, −0.61, and −0.50 eV for 2,3,4‐trimethylhexane, 4‐methyloctane, o‐toluidine, Aniline, and Ethylbenzene, respectively. Bader charge analysis and spin‐polarized density of states (SPDOS) elucidate the charge redistribution and hybridization between MoSi2N4−VN and the adsorbed VOCs. The work function of MoSi2N4−VN is significantly reduced upon VOCs adsorption due to induced dipole moments, enabling smooth charge transfer and selective VOCs sensing. Notably, MoSi2N4−VN monolayers exhibit sensor responses ranging from 16.2 % to 26.6 % towards the VOCs, with discernible selectivity. Importantly, the recovery times of the VOCs desorption is minimal, reinforcing the suitability of MoSi2N4−VN as a rapid, and reusable biosensor platform for efficient detection of lung cancer biomarkers. Thermodynamic analysis based on Langmuir adsorption model shows improved adsorption and detection capabilities MoSi2N4−VN under diverse operating conditions of temperatures and pressures.
Variation in Valence Intensity Within Frames: Testing Predictions of Prospect Theory and Fuzzy‐Trace Theory
Authors: McElroy Todd 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTRisk and decision‐making are central to human behavior and have been extensively studied across many disciplines. To better understand the factors that influence an individual's risk‐related choices, this paper investigates the influence of frame valence intensity. It does so by comparing predictions from two prominent theories of decision‐making: Prospect theory (PT) and fuzzy‐trace theory (FTT). PT relies on the numerical transformation of subjective value information suggesting that the intensity of the frame should not affect the decision outcome. In contrast, FTT predicts that the level of frame valence should correspond to the intensity of the extracted memory trace and have predictable effects on risky choice. The results demonstrate that risky choice varies across different levels of the frame's valence. For positive frames, increasing valence intensity is associated with decreased risk preference. For negative frames, the relationship is more complex and context‐dependent. These findings extend our understanding of framing effects, suggesting that both the direction and intensity of frame valence influence risk preferences. While broadly aligning with FTT predictions regarding gist extraction, our results also indicate that PT could be extended to account for valence intensity effects, potentially bridging these theoretical perspectives.
Whiteness, redness, blueness and greenness profile assessment and design of experiments approach to microwave‐aided sensitive and green spectrofluorophotometric determination of baclofen
Authors: Prajapati Pintu , Patel Ankita , Surana Vilas , Pulusu Veera Shakar , Haque Anzarul , Kalam Mohd Abul , Shah Shailesh 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAs a gamma amino butyric acid‐ergic agonist, Baclofen is often prescribed to adults and children for the treatment of severe spasticity that originates in the brain or spinal cord. Even after reviewing the literature extensively, no one has documented a method for estimating baclofen using microwave‐assisted stability‐indicating spectrofluorimetric techniques, despite the abundance of options for baclofen stability, assay, and bioanalysis. Organic solvents, which are typically necessary for current procedures but may be costly and toxic, have a severe effect on aquatic life and the environment. Using green solvents and 4‐chloro‐7‐nitrobezofuran as a fluorescent probe, this work conducted a stability‐indicating spectrofluorimetric estimate of baclofen. Through the use of a design‐of‐experiments technique, a reliable microwave‐aided spectrofluorimetric method was developed, with little solvent consumption and time for sample analysis. Prior to conducting response surface analysis and optimizing important variables and responses, a fractional factorial design was used to screen method variables and responses. A central composite design was then employed for these purposes. This flexible spectrofluorimetric technique was used to assess baclofen concentrations in forced degraded samples and marketed formulations. For baclofen determination, the suggested spectrofluorimetric approach was found to be green, quick, easy to use, economical, and user‐friendly.