bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parental anxiety in cochlear implanted children’s family
Authors: Talebi Hossein , Habibi Zahra , Abtahi Hamid Reza , Tork Ladani Narges 
Published: January 2018

Background and aim:
Early rehabilitation such as cochlear implantation is an effective way to reduce the negative effects of hearing impairment in children. Parents of hearing impaired children may feel anger, sorrow, guiltiness and anxiety. The aims of this study were measurement of anxiety level experienced by parents of children with CI and comparison between the level of experienced anxiety in parents of children with CI and parents of children with normal hearing.

Materials and methods:
This study was carried out on 25 parents whose child had cochlear implanted for six months and also 25 parents of normal children. Parents’ demographic data were collected. The Beck anxiety inventory was given to parents of both groups. The results were analyzed according to the questionnaire instructions.

Results:
Parents’ average age was 32.56 ± 4.4 and 31.76 ± 5.25 in the cochlear implant group and normal group respectively. No significant correlation between parents’ educational level and the score achieved by the Beck anxiety inventory was observed (p > .05). There was significant difference between the scores of the parents of cochlear implanted children and normal group (p < .05). Mild, moderate and severe anxiety levels were observed in 44% of the cochlear implanted children’s parents. On the other hand, 32% had mild and moderate anxiety levels and no severe anxiety was observed in normal hearing children’s parents.

Conclusion:
This study indicated significantly higher total average and also higher levels of anxiety in the parents of cochlear implanted children. Therefore, these parents’ anxiety levels affected their environment. Therefore, in order to prevent raising anxiety level in families with cochlear implanted child, controlling the environmental factors that affect families’ life should take place. In this way, a cochlear implanted child will have a smoother learning road ahead.
Feature specific quantile normalization enables cross-platform classification of molecular subtypes using gene expression data
Authors: Franks Jennifer M , Cai Guoshuai , Whitfield Michael L 
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Motivation
Molecular subtypes of cancers and autoimmune disease, defined by transcriptomic profiling, have provided insight into disease pathogenesis, molecular heterogeneity and therapeutic responses. However, technical biases inherent to different gene expression profiling platforms present a unique problem when analyzing data generated from different studies. Currently, there is a lack of effective methods designed to eliminate platform-based bias. We present a method to normalize and classify RNA-seq data using machine learning classifiers trained on DNA microarray data and molecular subtypes in two datasets: breast invasive carcinoma (BRCA) and colorectal cancer (CRC).

Results
Multiple analyses show that feature specific quantile normalization (FSQN) successfully removes platform-based bias from RNA-seq data, regardless of feature scaling or machine learning algorithm. We achieve up to 98% accuracy for BRCA data and 97% accuracy for CRC data in assigning molecular subtypes to RNA-seq data normalized using FSQN and a support vector machine trained exclusively on DNA microarray data. We find that maximum accuracy was achieved when normalizing RNA-seq datasets that contain at least 25 samples. FSQN allows comparison of RNA-seq data to existing DNA microarray datasets. Using these techniques, we can successfully leverage information from existing gene expression data in new analyses despite different platforms used for gene expression profiling.

Availability and implementation
FSQN has been submitted as an R package to CRAN. All code used for this study is available on Github (https://github.com/jenniferfranks/FSQN).

Supplementary information
Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The effects of temporary exclusion of activity due to wind farm construction on a lobster (Homarus gammarus) fishery suggests a potential management approach
Authors: Roach Michael , Cohen Mike , Forster Rodney , Revill Andrew S , Johnson Magnus 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
Offshore wind farms (OWF) form an important part of many countries strategy for responding to the threat of climate change, their development can conflict with other offshore activities. Static gear fisheries targeting sedentary benthic species are particularly affected by spatial management that involves exclusion of fishers. Here we investigate the ecological effect of a short-term closure of a European lobster (Homarus gammarus (L.)) fishing ground, facilitated by the development of the Westermost Rough OWF located on the north-east coast of the United Kingdom. We also investigate the effects on the population when the site is reopened on completion of the construction. We find that temporary closure offers some respite for adult animals and leads to increases in abundance and size of the target species in that area. Reopening of the site to fishing exploitation saw a decrease in catch rates and size structure, this did not reach levels below that of the surrounding area. Opening the site to exploitation allows the fishery to recuperate some of the economic loss during the closure. We suggest that our results may indicate that temporary closures of selected areas may be beneficial and offer a management option for lobster fisheries.
A new mechanical stellar wind feedback model for the Rosette Nebula
Authors: Wareing C J , Pittard J M , Wright N J , Falle S A E G 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe famous Rosette Nebula has an evacuated central cavity formed from the stellar winds ejected from the 2–6 Myr old codistant and comoving central star cluster NGC 2244. However, with upper age estimates of less than 110 000 yr, the central cavity is too young compared to NGC 2244 and existing models do not reproduce its properties. A new proper motion study herein using Gaia data reveals the ejection of the most massive star in the Rosette, HD 46223, from NGC 2244 occurred 1.73 (+0.34, −0.25) Myr (1σ uncertainty) in the past. Assuming this ejection was at the birth of the most massive stars in NGC 2244, including the dominant centrally positioned HD 46150, the age is set for the famous ionized region at more than 10 times that derived for the cavity. Here, we are able to reproduce the structure of the Rosette Nebula, through simulation of mechanical stellar feedback from a 40 M⊙ star in a thin sheet-like molecular cloud. We form the 135 000 M⊙ cloud from thermally unstable diffuse interstellar medium (ISM) under the influence of a realistic background magnetic field with thermal/magnetic pressure equilibrium. Properties derived from a snapshot of the simulation at 1.5 Myr, including cavity size, stellar age, magnetic field, and resulting inclination to the line of sight, match those derived from observations. An elegant explanation is thus provided for the stark contrast in age estimates based on realistic diffuse ISM properties, molecular cloud formation and stellar wind feedback.
Parity–time symmetric photonics
Authors: Zhao Han , Feng Liang 
Published: January 2018

Abstract
The establishment of non-Hermitian quantum mechanics (such as parity–time (PT) symmetry) stimulates a paradigmatic shift for studying symmetries of complex potentials. Owing to the convenient manipulation of optical gain and loss in analogy to complex quantum potentials, photonics provides an ideal platform for the visualization of many conceptually striking predictions from non-Hermitian quantum theory. A rapidly developing field has emerged, namely, PT-symmetric photonics, demonstrating intriguing optical phenomena including eigenstate coalescence and spontaneous PT-symmetry breaking. The advance of quantum physics, as the feedback, provides photonics with brand-new paradigms to explore the entire complex permittivity plane for novel optical functionalities. Here, we review recent exciting breakthroughs in PT-symmetric photonics while systematically presenting their underlying principles guided by non-Hermitian symmetries. The potential device applications for optical communication and computing, biochemical sensing and healthcare are also discussed.
Supporting Women’s Autonomy in Prenatal Testing
Authors: Johnston Josephine , Farrell Ruth M. , Parens Erik 
Published: January 2018

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2017;377:505–507)
Informed consent is one of the central tenets of genetic counseling, because of the often difficult implications that come with prenatal sequencing results. Information from these results can call for pivotal decisions to be made by women that may include terminating a pregnancy.
Comparisons of Rigid Proctoscopy, Flexible Colonoscopy, and Digital Rectal Examination for Determining the Localization of Rectal Cancers
Authors: Tanaka Akira , Sadahiro Sotaro , Suzuki Toshiyuki , Okada Kazutake , Saito Gota 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:
Rigid proctoscopy is considered essential for rectal tumor localization, although the current gold standard for detection of colorectal cancers is colonoscopy. The European Society for Medical Oncology Guidelines indicate that rigid and flexible endoscopies afford essentially identical results, although little evidence is yet available to support this.

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this study was to determine the accuracy of colonoscopy in identifying the location of rectal cancer and to compare the results with those of rigid proctoscopy and digital rectal examination.

DESIGN:
This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective database.

SETTINGS:
The study was conducted at a single tertiary colorectal surgery referral center.

PATIENTS:
A total of 173 patients scheduled for curative surgery for histologically verified rectal adenocarcinoma between December 2009 and February 2015 were entered into the study, after having given informed consent.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:
The main study measure was the mean difference and limits of agreement in assessment of the height of the distal edge of rectal cancer from the anal verge, using the Bland and Altman method.

RESULTS:
The mean difference between rigid proctoscopy and flexible colonoscopy was –0.2 cm (95% CI, –2.0 to 1.6 cm). The mean difference between rigid proctoscopy and digital rectal examination was 0.3 cm (95% CI, 1.9 to 2.4 cm). Intermethod variability larger than the 95% CI between rigid and flexible endoscopes was correlated to the tumor height (OR, 4.27 (95% CI, 1.84–3.10); p = 0.021).

LIMITATIONS:
This study was conducted in a single center.

CONCLUSIONS:
The limits of agreement (–2.0 and 1.6 cm) in identifying the height of rectal cancers from the anal verge are sufficiently small to support the view that flexible colonoscopy provides similar tumor locations to those measured by rigid proctoscopy, although the discrepancy occasionally exceeded 2 cm for tumors >5 cm above the anal verge. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A405.
Does Ventral Rectopexy Improve Pelvic Floor Function in the Long Term?
Authors: Mäkelä-Kaikkonen Johanna , Rautio Tero , Kairaluoma Matti , Carpelan-Holmström Monika , Kössi Jyrki , Rautio Anna , Ohtonen Pasi , Mäkelä Jyrki 
Published: January 2018

BACKGROUND:Information is needed on long-term functional results, sequelas, and outcome predictors for laparoscopic ventral mesh rectopexy.OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this study was to evaluate long-term function postventral rectopexy in patients with external rectal prolapse or internal rectal prolapse in a large cohort and to identify the possible effects of patient-related factors and operative technical details on patient-reported outcomes.DESIGN:This was a retrospective review with a cross-sectional questionnaire study.SETTINGS:Data were collated from prospectively collected registries in 2 university and 2 central hospitals in Finland.PATIENTS:All 508 consecutive patients treated with ventral rectopexy for external rectal prolapse or symptomatic internal rectal prolapse in 2005 to 2013 were included.INTERVENTIONS:A questionnaire concerning disease-related symptoms and effect on quality of life was used.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Defecatory function measured by the Wexner score, the obstructive defecation score, and subjective symptom and quality-of-life evaluation using the visual analog scale were included. The effects of patient-related factors and operative technical details were assessed using multivariate analysis.RESULTS:The questionnaire response rate was 70.7% (330/467 living patients) with a median follow-up time of 44 months. The mean Wexner scores were 7.0 (SD = 6.1) and 6.9 (SD = 5.6), and the mean obstructive defecation scores were 9.7 (SD = 7.6) and 12.3 (SD = 8.0) for patients presenting with external rectal prolapse and internal rectal prolapse. Subjective symptom relief was experienced by 76% and reported more often by patients with external rectal prolapse than with internal rectal prolapse (86% vs 68%;p< 0.001). Complications occurred in 11.4% of patients, and the recurrence rate for rectal prolapse was 7.1%.LIMITATIONS:This study was limited by its lack of preoperative functional data and suboptimal questionnaire response rate.CONCLUSIONS:Ventral mesh rectopexy effectively treats posterior pelvic floor dysfunction with a low complication rate and an acceptable recurrence rate. Patients with external rectal prolapse benefit more from the operation than those with symptomatic internal rectal prolapse. SeeVideo Abstractat http://links.lww.com/DCR/A479.
Transition of Patients With Psoriasis From Office-Based Phototherapy to Nurse-Supported Home Phototherapy
Authors: Matthews Sarah W. , Simmer Michelle (Misha) , Williams Lisa , Fishman Paul , Shors Andrew R. 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT

Background
Home phototherapy is a safe and effective treatment for psoriasis but is not commonly utilized as a treatment option in the United States. Recently, there has been renewed interest in home phototherapy. This pilot study describes the nursing support needed to facilitate effective transition of ongoing office-based phototherapy patients to home phototherapy.

Methods
Ten patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis receiving office-based phototherapy were identified as candidates for home phototherapy. They received group education on self-administration by specialized phototherapy nurses. Some patients required additional one-on-one training. Units were installed, and home phototherapy was initiated. Subsequent nursing care consisted of telephone support with the study nurse on a weekly basis for 4–8 weeks with follow-up telephone calls on an as-needed basis.

Results
Eleven patients initially participated in the 8-month trial. Ten were successfully transitioned to home treatments. One patient discontinued the study. The 10 patients were independently self-administering home phototherapy with minimal nursing support by Week 8 of the study.

Conclusion
Transition of patients with psoriasis receiving office-based phototherapy to home phototherapy can be done successfully while maintaining control of psoriasis. Considerable nursing resources are required for initial patient education, but they decrease significantly with time.
Cholesterol efflux in the transplant patient
Authors: Sudharshan Sangita , Javaheri Ali 
Published: January 2018

Purpose of review
Cholesterol metabolism is increasingly recognized in inflammatory diseases including transplantation. This review discusses the mechanistic underpinnings that tie macrophage cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to chronic rejection in transplanted patients.

Recent findings
Animal studies suggest that administration of apolipoprotein A-I, the main protein constituent of HDL, can prevent transplant arteriosclerosis. apoA-I administration increases CEC of HDL. In patients with cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV), decreased CEC has been associated with poorer survival. In addition, reduced CEC in recipients, pretransplant, has been associated with the development of CAV and renal allograft survival.

Summary
These recent findings raise the hypothesis that increasing cholesterol efflux may prevent chronic rejection and improve allograft survival after transplant. Reconstituted HDL significantly increases CEC and is currently in clinical development for traditional atherosclerosis. Clinical trials of reconstituted HDL administration in transplantation should be performed.
Chronic Hypertension and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome: A Cohort Study
Authors: Panaitescu A. M. , Syngelaki A. , Prodan N. , Akolekar R. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: January 2018

(Abstracted from Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;50:228–235)
There is substantial evidence that chronic hypertension (CH) is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Although meta-analyses of studies examining this issue have been previously conducted, confounding factors and heterogeneity between included studies weaken their impact.
Pravastatin for Preventing and Treating Preeclampsia: A Systematic Review
Authors: Esteve-Valverde Enrique , Ferrer-Oliveras Raquel , Gil-Aliberas Natàlia , Baraldès-Farré Antònia , Llurba Elisa , Alijotas-Reig Jaume 
Published: January 2018

ImportanceWe have performed a systematic search to summarize the role of statins for preventing and treating severe preeclampsia.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine whether pravastatin is a useful and safe alternative for treating preeclampsia during pregnancy.Evidence AcquisitionA systematic MEDLINE (PubMed) search was performed (1979 to June 2017), which was restricted to articles published in English, using the relevant key words of “statins,” “pregnancy,” “preeclampsia,” “obstetrical antiphospholipid syndrome,” and “teratogenicity.”ResultsThe initial search provided 296 articles. Finally, 146 articles were related to the use of statins during pregnancy, regarding their effect on the fetus and the treatment of preeclampsia. Ten studies were related to in vitro studies, 25 in animals, and 24 in humans (13 case report series and 11 cohort studies). We found 84 studies on reviews of such guidelines on cardiovascular disease (35 studies), use of statins in the antiphospholipid syndrome (25 studies), statin's specific use during pregnancy (13 studies), or preeclampsia treatment (11 studies).ConclusionsAlthough the studies are of poor quality, the rate of major congenital abnormalities in the newborn exposed to statins during pregnancy is no higher than the expected when compared with overall risk population. The review shows a potential beneficial role of statins in preventing and treating severe preeclampsia that needs to be evaluated through well-designed clinical trials.RelevanceThis update could influence positively the clinical practice, giving an alternative therapy for clinicians who treat preeclampsia, particularly in severe cases.Target AudienceObstetricians and gynecologists, family physicians.Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this activity, the learner should be better able to recall that statins exert a useful number of pleiotropic effects related to their antiproliferative and immunosuppressive actions; describe the potential role of statins as beneficial and safe drugs during pregnancy, thereby preventing and treating early and severe preeclampsia; and list the properties that make pravastatin the best statin to treat preeclampsia.
Promethazine and Oral Midazolam Preanesthetic Children Medication
Authors: Nadri Sedigheh , Mahmoudvand Hormoz , Taee Nadereh , Anbari Khatereh , Beiranvand Siavash 
Published: January 2018

Aims
Several kinds of drugs have been investigated in preschool children as a preanesthetic sedation after various routes of administration for surgeries. This study aims to compare the efficacy of promethazine and oral midazolam for premedication in children aged 3 to 9 years who were scheduled for surgeries.

Methods
This is a double-blind randomized controlled study conducted on 93 patients between the age of 3 and 9 years at Loresten University of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital, Khoramabad, Iran. The subjects were grouped into P (promethazine), M (midazolam), and C (control). About 0.3 mg/kg of oral promethazine was administered to patients in group P, 0.5 mg/kg of oral midazolam was administered to patients in group M, and 3 mL of normal saline as placebo was administered to patients in group C. Patient satisfaction, sedation and emotional score, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, respiratory rate (RR), and heart rate (HR) were recorded.

Results
There was no statistically significant difference among the 3 groups. However, the period after medication, it was observed that SBP, diastolic blood pressure, RR, and HR in group C were statistically significantly higher than those in groups M and P. These 2 groups are similar in terms of SBP, RR, and HR. The emotional scores were comparable for the 2 groups. It was between 3.97 ± 0.6 to 1.7 ± 0.5 in group M and from 3.45 ± 1.17 to 2.745 ± 0.997 in group P in a Kruskal-Wallis test.

Conclusions
This study shows that both test groups reduce stress at the time of anesthetic induction and separation from their parents with similar effect. Both of the anesthetics are easily administered without the necessity of an additional equipment. A shorter period to maximal sedation for midazolam is an advantage, thus, making the drug helpful, mostly in the outpatient setting.
Fever as a Presenting Symptom in Children Evaluated for Ileocolic Intussusception
Authors: Levinson Hila , Rimon Ayelet , Scolnik Dennis , Amarilyio Gil , Glatstein Miguel 
Published: January 2018

Background
Intussusception is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in young children, and delayed diagnosis may lead to bowel perforation. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of fever in patients with ileocolic intussusception and to determine its utility as a predictive symptom.

Methods
This was a 3-year retrospective study, at a tertiary care center, of children aged 1 month to 6 years, presenting with possible intussusception. Charts were reviewed for clinical signs and symptoms at presentation, and all diagnostic studies were retrieved. A pediatric radiologist reviewed all ultrasounds.

Results
A total of 488 ultrasounds were performed on suspicion of intussusception. In 30 patients with confirmed ileocolic intussusception, mean age was 27 months and all were successfully reduced by air enema. Of 118 patients with fever, 2 had confirmed intussusception, 1 with pneumonia and 1 with acute otitis media, compared with 116 febrile patients with negative ultrasounds (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Traditional teaching is that intussusception presents as intermittent colicky abdominal pain, red currant jelly stool, vomiting, and a palpable abdominal mass, but it is important to remember that this classic triad is a very late finding and this condition should be recognized before the development of these findings. The concurrence of fever can help to rule out the possibility of intussusception and prompt the health care professional to search diligently for alternative infectious etiologies but cannot eliminate the possibility, especially when other findings suggestive of intussusception are present.