bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The CDS and the Government Bonds Markets During the Last Financial Crisis
Authors: Križanič France , Oplotnik Žan Jan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
Financial market had developed a special instrument to insure the buyers of bonds. This instrument is so called Credit Default Swap (CDS). The CDS price is a kind of insurance premium that the buyer of CDS pays to the seller of CDS in exchange for compensation of possible loss in operation. Paper analyses causality between CDS price and dynamics of bond yields and influence of macroeconomic factors on it in four selected countries during the last financial crisis. Analysis results show that there is no important macroeconomic variable included in the analysis that preceded the CDS prices connected with German government bonds. Sellers of CDS were apparently aware of the systemic nature of the financial crisis in the euro area. In the case of the United Kingdom, Russia and Slovenia we can observe the unemployment rate as the most important macroeconomic variable that preceded the CDS prices for government bonds.
Implications of De-Industrialization for Poverty and Income-Inequality in Pakistan
Authors: Yasmin Bushra , Qamar Wajeeha 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
This study endeavors to identify the dynamic link among growth, inequality and poverty, instigated from deindustrialization, in Pakistan over the time period 1970-2013. The Reduced-form Vector Autoregressive Model (VAR) is applied to estimate the empirical model. According to the results, trade openness has declining (mounting) impact on poverty (income inequality) over the specified time period. Moreover, the industrial sector share in GDP has appeared as a major contributing factor in tackling income inequality and poverty. This implies that the deindustrialization, as an emergent of trade liberalization, neutralizes the policy effect for income distribution and poverty in Pakistan. Besides, the Kuznet’s hypothesis has been proved to be true in case of Pakistan where GDP growth has led to increase in the income inequality. The role of industrial sector growth in tackling poverty and income inequality has emerged as vital but the move towards rapid trade liberalization has placed this sector in more competitive position and the persistent nature of income inequality has subdued the growth effects on poverty. The results underlie very pertinent policy to focus on the sector-specific growth in order to tackle the welfare issues. And a cautious move towards trade liberalization is also suggested.
The Intellectual Capital Effect on Financial Performances at Islamic Insurance
Authors: Syah Aji Rizqon Halal , Kurniasih Kurniasih 
Published: November 2015

The research has analyzed the intellectual capital effect of the Islamic insurance company’s financial performance. Intellectual capital is quantified by VAICTM (Value Added Intellectual Capital), for efficiency components are physical capital coefficient (VACA), human capital coefficient (VAHU), and structural capital coefficient (STVA). Financial performance is quantified by ROA and RBC. Data is given from seven Islamic insurance companies during 2009-2013. Data analysis used is PLS (Partial Least Square). The result shows that intellectual capital factors had an affect the company’s financial performance. Intellectual capital relation to financial performance parameter value estimated coefficient 0,845 with t-statistic 46,771. VAICTM enables to elucidate financial performance variable 71, 6%, is by finding the R-square PERF value (financial performance) 0,716.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v7i2.1696
Capital Market Integration: Palestine and Israeli Experience.
Authors: Suryanto Tulus , Abdul Hadi Abdul Razak 
Published: November 2015

This study is driven by the motivation to examine the existence of probable equilibrium and dynamic relations between Palestine Stock Exchange (PEX) and Tel Aviv Stock Exchange (TASE). Within the framework of international trade theories, this study uses Engle-Granger Co-integration procedure as an estimation model employing monthly time series data during the observed period from January 1998 till February 2012. It was discovered that there is a significant equilibrium relationship between PEX and TASE, but no empirical evidence was found on the presence of dynamic relations between the two stock markets using Granger Causality tests. Meanwhile, analysis of dynamic interactions over post-sample period by Impulse-Response Functions and Variance Decomposition indicate that movements in TASE Index do influence the performance of PEX.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v7i2.1697
Financial Ratio and Its Influence to Profitability in Islamic Banks.
Authors: Amelia Erika 
Published: November 2015

This research aims to analyze the influence of the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) and Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) to Return on Asset (ROA) in Bank Muamalat Indonesia and Bank Syariah Mega. The data analysis method used in this research is multiple regression analysis. From the test results show that the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) and Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) simultaneously effect to Return on Asset (ROA). Based on the test results of the t statistic was concluded that the Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Financing (NPF) and the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) partially no significant effect to Return on Asset (ROA), while Biaya Operasional Pendapatan Operasional (BOPO) partially significant effect to Return on Asset (ROA)DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v7i2.1700
Application of Pattern of Islamic State Revenue Policy to Improve the Ability of Indonesia’s Fiscal
Authors: Setyaningrum Any 
Published: November 2015

The aim of this study is to analyze the possibility of Islamic state revenue to improve the ability of Indonesia’s fiscal. This thing is important in the way to diversify the fiscal instruments in Indonesia. The result shows that several Islamic revenues instruments still relevant to applied in Indonesia, exclude the ghanimah and Jizya. But, it is necessary to adjust the nomenclature and connectivity with state financial regulations. The application does not have to be exclusive and labels associated with Islam, but should be more focused on the exploration of universal values and utility, which is inherent in all of Islam income instruments.DOI: 10.15408/aiq.v7i2.1702
Predictive factors of sagittal stability after treatment of Class II malocclusions
Authors: Wins Sabrina Maniewicz , Antonarakis Gregory S. , Kiliaridis Stavros 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To determine the existence of factors permitting the prediction of sagittal stability after orthodontic treatment in patients with Angle Class II malocclusion.

Materials and Methods:
PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched up to March 2015. Inclusion criteria were longitudinal studies with at least 10 subjects investigating associations between at least one factor and stability, with an average minimum follow-up period of 2 years; stability measured using posttreatment sagittal dental changes; and orthodontic treatment including removable and/or fixed appliances with or without extractions. Two reviewers independently selected and assessed the quality of the articles.

Results:
The search strategy resulted in 1372 articles, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria. Large changes during treatment in molar and canine relationships were the only two factors found to be positively associated with relapse, but with limited evidence. Fourteen factors were found not to be predictive of relapse, also with limited evidence. These factors included treatment characteristics, patient pretreatment characteristics, and final posttreatment characteristics.

Conclusions:
There is currently limited evidence to support the influence of factors predictive of sagittal stability following Class II malocclusion treatment. More high-quality prospective studies are needed, and functional factors possibly affecting relapse also need to be further assessed.
Effect of ketamine on the minimum infusion rate of propofol needed to prevent motor movement in dogs
Authors: Reed Rachel A. , Seddighi M. Reza , Odoi Agricola , Cox Sherry K. , Egger Christine M. , Doherty Thomas J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the minimum infusion rate (MIR) of propofol required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus in dogs anesthetized with propofol alone or propofol in combination with a constant rate infusion (CRI) of ketamine.
ANIMALS 6 male Beagles.
PROCEDURES Dogs were anesthetized on 3 occasions, at weekly intervals, with propofol alone (loading dose, 6 mg/kg; initial CRI, 0.45 mg/kg/min), propofol (loading dose, 5 mg/kg; initial CRI, 0.35 mg/kg/min) and a low dose of ketamine (loading dose, 2 mg/kg; CRI, 0.025 mg/kg/min), or propofol (loading dose, 4 mg/kg; initial CRI, 0.3 mg/kg/min) and a high dose of ketamine (loading dose, 3 mg/kg; CRI, 0.05 mg/kg/min). After 60 minutes, the propofol MIR required to prevent movement in response to a noxious electrical stimulus was determined in duplicate.
RESULTS Least squares mean ± SEM propofol MIRs required to prevent movement in response to the noxious stimulus were 0.76 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min, 0.60 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min, and 0.41 ± 0.1 mg/kg/min when dogs were anesthetized with propofol alone, propofol and low-dose ketamine, and propofol and high-dose ketamine, respectively. There were significant decreases in the propofol MIR required to prevent movement in response to the noxious stimulus when dogs were anesthetized with propofol and low-dose ketamine (27 ± 10%) or with propofol and high-dose ketamine (30 ± 10%).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Ketamine, at the doses studied, significantly decreased the propofol MIR required to prevent movement in response to a noxious stimulus in dogs.
Effects of training at a walk on conventional and underwater treadmills on fiber properties and metabolic responses of superficial digital flexor and gluteal muscles to high-speed exercise in horses
Authors: Firshman Anna M. , Borgia Lisa A. , Valberg Stephanie J. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare effects of training on conventional and underwater treadmills on fiber properties and metabolic responses of the superficial digital flexor (SDF) and gluteal muscles to high-speed exercise in horses.
SAMPLE 6 unconditioned Quarter Horse–type horses.
PROCEDURES 6 horses were walked on underwater and conventional treadmills for 5 d/wk (maximum, 40 min/d) for 8 weeks in a randomized crossover design (60-day detraining period). Horses underwent a standardized exercise test (SET) at high speed before and after training. Analyte concentrations and fiber characteristics were measured in muscle biopsy specimens obtained from horses before and after each SET.
RESULTS Lactate concentration increased 2- to 3-fold in SDF and gluteal muscle after SETs. No training effect was identified on muscle fiber type composition, type II fiber diameter, muscle analyte concentrations, blood lactate concentration, or heart rate responses. Maximum diameters of type I fibers decreased significantly in gluteal muscle with conventional treadmill training and decreased in SDF muscle with both types of training, with maximum diameters greater for horses after underwater versus conventional treadmill training. No change was identified in minimum fiber diameters.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE SETs involving near-maximal exertion resulted in an anaerobic response in SDF and gluteal muscles of horses. Eight weeks of conventional or underwater treadmill training resulted in minor changes in type I muscle fiber sizes, with no effect on muscle metabolic or heart rate responses to SETs. After rehabilitation involving underwater treadmills, training at progressing speeds is recommended for horses to develop the required fitness for speed work.
Pharmacokinetics of butorphanol delivered with an osmotic pump during a seven-day period in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus)
Authors: Clancy Meredith M. , KuKanich Butch , Sykes IV John M. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine pharmacokinetics of butorphanol delivered via osmotic pumps in common peafowl (Pavo cristatus) as a method for analgesic administration to avian species.
ANIMALS 14 healthy adult male common peafowl.
PROCEDURES A preliminary experiment was conducted with 2 birds to establish time point and concentration requirements. Then, the remaining 12 birds were anesthetized, and 2 osmotic pumps containing butorphanol (volume, 2 mL; mean dosage, 247 μg/kg/h) were implanted subcutaneously in each bird for 7 days prior to removal. Blood samples were collected before pump implantation (time 0); 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, and 168 hours after pump implantation; and 3 and 6 hours after pump removal. Plasma butorphanol concentrations were measured via liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry.
RESULTS Plasma concentrations peaked (mean, 106.4 μg/L; range, 61.8 to 133.0 μg/L) at a mean of 39.0 hours, with no evidence of sedation in any bird. After pump removal, butorphanol was rapidly eliminated (half-life, 1.45 hours; range, 1.31 to 1.64 hours; n = 5). Mean clearance per fraction of dose absorbed was 2.89 L/kg/h (range, 2.00 to 5.55 L/kg/h). Mean amount of time the plasma butorphanol concentration was ≥ 60 μg/L was 85.6 hours (range, 3.5 to 155.3 hours).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Plasma concentrations of butorphanol in common peafowl were maintained at or above reported efficacious analgesic concentrations. This study established a method for administering analgesics to avian patients without the need for frequent handling or injections. Use of these osmotic pumps may provide options for avian analgesia.
Pharmacokinetics of a single intramuscular injection of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid in red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis)
Authors: Sadar Miranda J. , Hawkins Michelle G. , Byrne Barbara A. , Cartoceti Andrew N. , Keel Kevin , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Tell Lisa A. 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics and adverse effects at the injection site of ceftiofur crystalline-free acid (CCFA) following IM administration of 1 dose to red-tailed hawks (Buteo jamaicensis).
ANIMALS 7 adult nonreleasable healthy red-tailed hawks.
PROCEDURES In a randomized crossover study, CCFA (10 or 20 mg/kg) was administered IM to each hawk and blood samples were obtained. After a 2-month washout period, administration was repeated with the opposite dose. Muscle biopsy specimens were collected from the injection site 10 days after each sample collection period. Pharmacokinetic data were calculated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of ceftiofur for various bacterial isolates were assessed.
RESULTS Mean peak plasma concentrations of ceftiofur-free acid equivalent were 6.8 and 15.1 μg/mL for the 10 and 20 mg/kg doses, respectively. Mean times to maximum plasma concentration were 6.4 and 6.7 hours, and mean terminal half-lives were 29 and 50 hours, respectively. Little to no muscle inflammation was identified. On the basis of a target MIC of 1 μg/mL and target plasma ceftiofur concentration of 4 μg/mL, dose administration frequencies for infections with gram-negative and gram-positive organisms were estimated as every 36 and 45 hours for the 10 mg/kg dose and every 96 and 120 hours for the 20 mg/kg dose, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Study results suggested that CCFA could be administered IM to red-tailed hawks at 10 or 20 mg/kg to treat infections with ceftiofur-susceptible bacteria. Administration resulted in little to no inflammation at the injection site. Additional studies are needed to evaluate effects of repeated CCFA administration.
Molecular Confirmation on the Presence of Anadara Kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Arcidae) in the Black Sea / Confirmarea moleculară a prezenţei speciei Anadara Kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Arcidae) în Marea Neagră
Authors: Krapal Ana Maria , Popa Oana Paula , Levarda Alexandra , Iorgu Elena Iulia , Popa Luis Ovidiu , Costache Marieta , Crocetta Fabio 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The use of DNA barcoding in alien invasions has recently proved to be a powerful tool in delineating dispersal pathways and clarifying doubtful identifications. Morphological similarities between Anadara kagoshimensis (Tokunaga, 1906) and Anadara inaequivalvis (Bruguière, 1789) require the use of genetic markers in identifying the ark shell species that has recently invaded the Black Sea. The high genetic similarity (99.8-100%) hereby found between COI sequences obtained from the Black Sea samples and Japanese A. kagoshimensis confirms at a molecular level that the ark clam species invading the Romanian Black Sea belong to this taxon.
The Bird Fauna From Lotrioara River Basin (Lotru Mountains, Romania)/ Avifauna din Bazinul Râului Lotrioara (Munții Lotrului, România)
Authors: Benedek Ana Maria , Sîrbu Ioan 
Published: November 2015

Abstract
The results of a one year study of bird communities from the Lotrioara River Basin (Lotru Mountains, Romania), using the transect method along the main valley, are presented. The study aimed to reveal the characteristics of the community’s dynamics, both from spatial and temporal point of view. During the research period 70 species belonging to 9 orders were identified in the investigated area. The number of species decreases with the altitude, but it is also related to the heterogeneity of habitats. During the year the species’ number varies from a minimum in winter to a maximum in spring. Insectivores are the prevailing feeding guild in the bird communities from Lotrioara basin, but during the cold season the dominance is taken over by omnivorous and granivorous species.
Extramedullary Conus Ependymoma Involving a Lumbar Nerve Root with Filum Terminale Attachment
Authors: Moriwaki Takashi , Iwatsuki Koichi , Ohnishi Yu-ichiro , Ninomiya Koshi , Yoshimine Toshiki 
Published: November 2015

Purpose In the current report, we describe a case of an extramedullary ependymoma involving a lumbar nerve root near conus medullaris. Spinal ependymomas commonly present as intramedullary tumors in the cervical or thoracic cord or as tumors arising from the conus medullaris or the filum terminale. In this case, we showed an extramedullary conus ependymoma involving a lumbar nerve root with filum terminale attachment. Case Presentation A 69-year-old woman presented with lower back pain, but without sensory disturbance or motor weakness in her lower extremities. Clinical Assessment Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural mass at T12–L1 at the conus medullaris, which was totally resected. Histopathology revealed a non-myxopapillary ependymoma (WHO grade 2). Postoperatively, the patient did well and displayed no neurological deficits. Moreover, no radiotherapy was required. Conclusions This report documented a rare case of intradural extramedullary ependymoma located at the conus medullaris, involving the lumbar nerve root, and attached to the filum terminale. Although extramedullary ependymomas at this region are more frequently classified as myxopapillary, histopathological examination revealed this tumor as a non-myxopapillary ependymoma.
Hysterectomy of a 15 Years Old Girl: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Pati Tapasi , Nayak Sibananda , Mohapatra Sanjukata , Chandra Sahu Mahesh , Nath Padhy Rabindra 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT
A 12 years old girl reported with a history of unsuccessful attempt at vaginoplasty. During admission, she was found to be in septic shock and detected to have pyoperitoneum as well as, involuntary leakage of urine. Exploratory laparotomy was carried out as the life saving measure. After 1 year, she was taken up for the repair of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF). She presented again with complaints of mass in lower abdomen after 8 months. When evaluated the mass was diagnosed as hematometra and blood was drained out, by syringing the uterus in a surgical procedure. Further she developed severe pain along with recurrence of the mass, which was progressively increasing in size. The repeat vaginoplasty was attempted but found unsuccessful, resulting in hysterectomy at 15 years.

How to cite this article
Pati T, Nayak S, Mohapatra S, Sahu MC, Padhy RN. Hysterectomy of a 15 Years Old Girl: A Rare Case Report. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2015;9(3):331-334.
Successful Management of Lip and Oral Venous Varices by Photocoagulation with Nd:YAG Laser
Authors: Migliari Dante , Vieira Rodrigo R , Nakajima Edgar K , Azevedo Luciane H 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACT

Aim
This study assessed the effectiveness of photocoagulation with Nd:YAG laser in the treatment of lip and oral venous varices.

Materials and methods
Sixteen consecutive patients (eight men and eight women, mean age 56 years) diagnosed as having either lip or oral venous varices, were examined and treated with a noncontact Nd:YAG laser. As lesions were small (less than 1 cm), round or oval in shape, flat, dark to blue in color and symptomless, patients sought for treatment either for esthetic reason, bleeding or cancerophobia-related concern.

Results
All but one lesion were successfully treated with only one irradiation exposure. Healing was completed in about 2 to 4 weeks; none of the patients experienced complications or recurrence. Pain was out of any major concern during immediate follow-up.

Conclusion
Although photocoagulation with Nd:YAG laser did not outperform the effectiveness observed with diode laser (data shown in a previous study),17 it proved to be safe and effective for the treatment of lip and oral varices, with consistent results.

Clinical significance
Most of patients with oral and lip varices only need some clinical advice regarding the their nature of their lesions. Yet, for those who seek treatment for this conditions, the use Nd:YAG laser is an option as it yields satisfactory outcomes.

How to cite this article
Migliari D, Vieira RR, Nakajima EK, Azevedo LH. Successful Management of Lip and Oral Venous Varices by Photocoagulation with Nd:YAG Laser. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(9):723-726.