bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is Pregnancy a Risk Factor for Future Cardiovascular Events?
Authors: Chhabra Shibba , Bali Ruhani , Kaur Tripat , Singh Bhupinder , Goyal Abhishek , Tandon Rohit , Aslam Naved , Mohan Bishav , Wander Gurpreet 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPregnancy is a normal physiologic state in a woman's life, and according to traditional beliefs, it may not be predictive of future cardiovascular disease (CVD) lest it is complicated by some adverse events. Contrary to the previous beliefs, the complications are not limited to pregnancy period and may leave permanent vascular and metabolic damage. Factors such as lipid inflammatory pathways and vascular functions play a vital role in determining the cardiovascular risk in pregnancy. In addition to modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors, emerging factors like genetics and epigenetics risk, obesity, metabolic syndrome, lifestyle, inflammatory and hypertensive disorders, and endothelial dysfunction with gestational diabetes help in determining the future CVD.The present debate is an effort to study that besides the common risk factors such as gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia, preterm delivery, assisted reproductive technology–related pregnancy events, and arrhythmias also have a bearing on future cardiovascular risk of a woman. The awareness in the medical community especially obstetricians, physicians, and cardiologists may play a pivotal role in detecting these complications and appropriate follow-up.
Modern Approaches to Skin Care
Authors: Guthrie Ashley , Kadakia Sameep , Hu Shirley , Sawhney Raja , Schumacher Jennifer , Ducic Yadranko 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecent years have seen an increased interest in minimally invasive and noninvasive cosmetic surgery and facial aesthetics. There has been a concomitant surge in the focus on skin care, which, by nature, is minimally invasive, and an exponential growth in the popularity and availability of minimally invasive dermatologic procedures and products. This review seeks to provide an overview of the most commonly employed skin care modalities, such as their mechanisms, indications for use, advantages and disadvantages, and side effects. The authors aim to provide the audience with a fundamental understanding of the options currently available to cosmetic surgeons and practitioners. Topics include retinoids, chemical peels, skin-lightening agents, lasers, microneedling, topical antioxidants, and injectables.
Optimal Costal Cartilage Graft Selection According to Cartilage Shape: Anatomical Considerations for Rhinoplasty
Authors: Bender-Heine Adam , Russell Michelle , Rickards Allen , Holmes J. , Armeni Mark , Lambert H. , Zdilla Matthew 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCostal cartilage grafting is a commonly used reconstruction procedure, particularly in rhinoplasty. Although costal cartilage is broadly used in reconstructive surgery, there are differing opinions regarding which costal cartilage levels provide the most ideal grafts. Grafts are typically designed to match the shape of the recipient site. The shapes of costal cartilage grafts have been described as “boat-shaped,” “C-shaped,” “canoe-shaped,” “U-shaped,” “crescent-shaped,” “L-shaped,” “semilunar,” “straight,” and “Y-shaped.” The shapes of costal cartilages are thought to lend themselves to the shapes of certain grafts; however, there has been little study of the shapes of costal cartilages, and most reports have been anecdotal. Therefore, this study is aimed to detail the average shapes of the most commonly grafted cartilages (i.e., the fifth to seventh cartilages). A total of 96 cadaveric costal cartilages were analyzed through geometric morphometric analysis. The fifth costal cartilage was determined to have the straightest shape and would therefore be particularly suitable for nasal dorsum onlay grafting. The lateral portions of the sixth and, particularly, the seventh costal cartilages have the most acute curvature. Therefore, they would lend themselves to the construction of an en bloc “L”-shaped or hockey stick-shaped nasal dorsum-columellar strut graft.
Secondary Repair of the Zygoma
Authors: Yanik Susan , Tatum Sherard , Orzell Susannah 
Published: December 2017

AbstractSecondary deformities of the zygoma are a rare entity, thanks to the adoption and refinement of open reduction and internal fixation techniques. These injuries are often difficult to treat due to the unique structural, functional, and aesthetic properties of the zygoma. Purely cosmetic defects can often be managed with implants; however, functional deficits generally require mobilization, correction, and subsequent fixation of the defect(s). Performing the necessary osteotomies to mobilize the zygoma is the most crucial part of the procedure, and had traditionally been executed without the use of computer aids. Planning for and performing this step was very difficult and frequently resulted in unsatisfactory outcomes. Recent advancements in virtual mapping and planning have obviated the need for guesswork and have resulted in improved functional and aesthetic outcomes following repositioning. This article will discuss the use of implants, osteotomies, and computer-assisted design/modeling (CAD/CAM) in addressing secondary deformities of the zygoma.
Overconfidence, self-knowledge, and self-improvement
Authors: Özaltun Eylem 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRecently physician overconfidence has been considered as a major factor contributing to diagnostic error. A philosophical inquiry into overconfidence as a character vice has the promise of shedding light on how we can overcome this vice and potentially reduce diagnostic errors. In his recent work, Quassim Cassam conducts such an inquiry. This paper puts Cassam’s work on physician overconfidence in the context of his theoretical work on self-knowledge and epistemic vices. It shows that physician overconfidence, considered as a major factor in diagnostic error, provides a significant real-life application of Cassam’s accounts of self-knowledge and epistemic vices. It focuses on the features of these accounts that lead to the following result: self-knowledge is rarely, if ever, a remedy for physicians’ overconfidence and the resulting diagnostic errors. By appealing to the same data Cassam cites regarding diagnostic error and physicians’ overconfidence, it is shown that the more substantial—in the sense Cassam specifies—one’s third-personal knowledge of oneself is, the less likely it is to be of any practical value qua self-knowledge. This paper defends the view that what Cassam calls ‘trivial self-knowledge’—first-personal knowledge that has been the primary concern for philosophers—is crucial for any kind of self-knowledge to be instrumental for self-improvement. Since an agent acts from the standpoint that she is aware of herself trivially, it is argued that what Cassam calls ‘substantial self-knowledge’ has no practical value unless it is integrated with what he calls ‘trivial self-knowledge’. In this way the paper explains why if what one learns about oneself from the third-person perspective is drastically different from what one takes to be true from the first-person perspective, one cannot act on this knowledge. Since the standpoint from which one experiences and acts intentionally are one and the same, the paper also explains why traumatic experiences (such as the death of a patient or of a loved one) can sometimes lead to fundamental change and self-improvement.
Flourishing in a Second Language (FL2)
Authors: Strambi Antonella , Luzeckyj Ann , Rubino Antonia 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This paper presents findings from the Flourishing in a Second Language (FL2) project – a language curriculum for first-year university students which integrates Positive Psychology (Seligman, 2002), Transition Pedagogy (Kift, 2009a), and CLIL principles (Coyle, 2006). The project aims to create learning experiences that are personally relevant, and that facilitate alignment between learners’ interests, linguistic goals, and cognitive challenges posed by the tasks, in order to increase the perceived value of language learning and sustain students’ motivation. More specifically, the project involves re-designing language learning activities typically found in beginners’ level classes, to include strategies and contents believed to facilitate transition, as well as enhance students’ psychological, emotional, and social wellbeing. In this paper, we evaluate the trial implementation of the FL2 activities integrated into the beginners’ curriculum at two different universities. Feedback obtained from language experts and practitioners in language education and Positive Psychology is also briefly discussed.
Association with explanation-conveying constructions predicts verbs’ implicit causality biases
Authors: Hoven Emiel van den , Ferstl Evelyn C. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGiven a sentence such asMary fascinated/admired Sue because she did great, the verbfascinatedleads people to interpretsheas referring toMary, whereasadmiredleads people to interpretsheas referring toSue. This phenomenon is known as implicit causality (IC). Recent studies have shown that verbs’ causality biases closely correspond to the verbs’ semantic classes, as classified inVerbNet, a lexicon that groups verbs into classes on the basis of syntactic behavior. The current study further investigates the relationship between causality biases and semantic classes. Using corpus data we show that the collostruction strength between verbs and the syntactic constructions thatVerbNetclasses are based on can be a good predictor of causality bias. This result suggests that the relation between semantic class and causality bias is not a categorical matter; more typical members of the semantic class show a stronger causality bias than less typical members.
Behind every Caesar a new one? Reflections on revolution and counter-revolution in Egypt in response to Gramsci on Tahrir
Authors: Alexander Anne , Naguib Sameh 
Published: December 2017

SUMMARY
Focusing on the political ramifications of the concepts and historical analysis deployed in Gramsci on Tahrir (De Smet 2016), Anne Alexander and Sameh Naguib challenge Brecht De Smet’s reading of the development of capitalism and the 2011 revolution in Egypt through the lens of Caesarism, offering an alternative perspective on how the theory of permanent revolution can be applied in the Egyptian case as a tool for understanding why a revolution erupted in 2011 and why it took the course it did.
Plant-derived isoprenoid sweeteners: recent progress in biosynthetic gene discovery and perspectives on microbial production
Authors: Seki Hikaru , Tamura Keita , Muranaka Toshiya 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Increased public awareness of negative health effects associated with excess sugar consumption has triggered increasing interest in plant-derived natural sweeteners. Steviol glycosides are a group of highly sweet diterpene glycosides contained in the leaves of stevia (Stevia rebaudiana). Mogrosides, extracted from monk fruit (Siraitia grosvenorii), are a group of cucurbitane-type triterpenoid glycosides. Glycyrrhizin is an oleanane-type triterpenoid glycoside derived from the underground parts of Glycyrrhiza plants (licorice). This review focuses on the natural isoprenoid sweetening agents steviol glycosides, mogrosides, and glycyrrhizin, and describes recent progress in gene discovery and elucidation of the catalytic functions of their biosynthetic enzymes. Recently, remarkable progress has been made in engineering the production of various plant-specialized metabolites in microbial hosts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the introduction of biosynthetic enzyme genes. Perspectives on the microbial production of plant-derived natural sweeteners are also discussed.
Neuroprotective effect of formononetin in ameliorating learning and memory impairment in mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Fei Hong-Xin , Zhang Ying-Bo , Liu Ting , Zhang Xiao-Jie , Wu Shu-Liang 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia among elderly population. Deranged β-amyloid (Aβ) trafficking across the blood–brain barrier is known to be a critical element in the pathogenesis of AD. In the vascular endothelial cells of hippocampus, Aβ transport is mainly mediated by low-density lipoprotein-associated protein 1 (LRP1) and the receptor for advanced glycation end (RAGE) products; therefore, LRP1 and RAGE endothelial cells are potential therapeutic targets for AD. In this study, we explored the effects of Formononetin (FMN) on learning and memory improvement in APP/PS1 mice and the related mechanisms. We found that FMN significantly improved learning and memory ability by suppressing Aβ production from APP processing, RAGE-dependent inflammatory signaling and promoted LRP1-dependent cerebral Aβ clearance pathway. Moreover, FMN treatment alleviated ultrastructural changes in hippocampal vascular endothelial cells. In conclusion, we believe that FMN may be an efficacious and promising treatment for AD.
Purification and characterization of small and large rubber particles from Hevea brasiliensis
Authors: Yamashita Satoshi , Mizuno Makie , Hayashi Hidehiko , Yamaguchi Haruhiko , Miyagi-Inoue Yukino , Fushihara Kazuhisa , Koyama Tanetoshi , Nakayama Toru , Takahashi Seiji 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Natural rubber (NR) is synthesized by the rubber transferase (RTase) on rubber particles (RPs) in latex. Due to the heterogeneity of the RPs in latex, it is difficult to precisely characterize the RTase activity. In this study, we separated the RPs of Hevea brasiliensis with different particle size distributions, via stepwise centrifugations. Analyses of protein compositions and size distributions of NR in the RPs suggest that RPs in Hevea latex can be categorized into two distinct subclasses, the larger RPs (termed 1kRP, 2kRP, and 8kRP) and the smaller RPs (termed 20kRP and 50kRP). Precise enzymatic assays using the RPs revealed that 50kRP showed the highest RTase activity, whereas the larger RPs, which had been regarded to have quite low activity, also exhibited a comparable activity to the smaller RPs. Immunological detections of cis-prenyltransferases in the RPs showed that the abundance of these enzymes correlates with the extent of RTase activity.
Characterization of cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline dehydrogenase from Sinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: Watanabe Seiya , Morimoto Daichi , Fukumori Fumiyasu , Watanabe Yasuo 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
The hypO gene from Sinorhizobium meliloti, located within the trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline metabolic gene cluster, was first successfully expressed in the host Pseudomonas putida. Purified HypO protein functioned as a FAD-containing cis-4-hydroxy-D-proline dehydrogenase with a homomeric structure. In contrast to other known enzymes, significant activity for D-proline was found, confirming a previously proposed potential involvement in D-proline metabolism.
Massive Iatrogenic Outbreak of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Rural Cambodia, 2014–2015
Authors: Rouet François , Nouhin Janin , Zheng Du-Ping , Roche Benjamin , Black Allison , Prak Sophearot , Leoz Marie , Gaudy-Graffin Catherine , Ferradini Laurent , Mom Chandara , Mam Sovatha , Gautier Charlotte , Lesage Gérard , Ken Sreymom , Phon Kerya , Kerleguer Alexandra , Yang Chunfu , Killam William , Fujita Masami , Mean Chhivun , Fontenille Didier , Barin Francis , Plantier Jean-Christophe , Bedford Trevor , Ramos Artur , Saphonn Vonthanak 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
In 2014–2015, 242 individuals aged 2–89 years were newly diagnosed with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in Roka, a rural commune in Cambodia. A case-control study attributed the outbreak to unsafe injections. We aimed to reconstruct the likely transmission history of the outbreak.

Methods
We assessed in 209 (86.4%) HIV-infected cases the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). We identified recent infections using antibody (Ab) avidity testing for HIV and HCV. We performed amplification, sequencing, and evolutionary phylogenetic analyses of viral strains. Geographical coordinates and parenteral exposure through medical services provided by an unlicensed healthcare practitioner were obtained from 193 cases and 1499 controls during interviews.

Results
Cases were coinfected with HCV (78.5%) and HBV (12.9%). We identified 79 (37.8%) recent (&lt;130 days) HIV infections. Phylogeny of 202 HIV env C2V3 sequences showed a 198-sample CRF01_AE strains cluster, with time to most recent common ancestor (tMRCA) in September 2013 (95% highest posterior density, August 2012–July 2014), and a peak of 15 infections/day in September 2014. Three geospatial HIV hotspots were discernible in Roka and correlated with high exposure to the practitioner (P = .04). Fifty-nine of 153 (38.6%) tested cases showed recent (&lt;180 days) HCV infections. Ninety HCV NS5B sequences formed 3 main clades, 1 containing 34 subtypes 1b with tMRCA in 2012, and 2 with 51 subtypes 6e and tMRCAs in 2002–2003.

Conclusions
Unsafe injections in Cambodia most likely led to an explosive iatrogenic spreading of HIV, associated with a long-standing and more genetically diverse HCV propagation.
Testing the Implementation of the Veder Contact Method: A Theatre-Based Communication Method in Dementia Care
Authors: Boersma Petra , van Weert Julia C M , Lissenberg-Witte Birgit I , van Meijel Berno , Dröes Rose-Marie 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThere is a lack of research on implementation of person-centered care in nursing home care. The purpose of this study was to assess the implementation of the Veder contact method (VCM), a new person-centered method using theatrical, poetic and musical communication for application in 24-hr care.Research Design and MethodsCaregivers (n = 136) and residents (n = 141) participated in a 1-year quasi-experimental study. Foundation Theater Veder implemented VCM on six experimental wards and rated implementation quality. Six control wards delivered care-as-usual. Before and after implementation, caregiver behavior was assessed during observations using the Veder-observation list and Quality of Caregivers’ Behavior-list. Caregiver attitude was rated with the Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire. Quality of life, behavior, and mood of the residents were measured with QUALIDEM, INTERACT and FACE. Residents’ care plans were examined for person-centered background information.ResultsSignificant improvements in caregivers’ communicative behavior (i.e., the ability to apply VCM, establishing positive interactions) and some aspects of residents’ behavior and quality of life (i.e., positive affect, social relations) were found on the experimental wards with a high implementation score, as compared to the experimental wards with a low implementation score, and the control wards. No significant differences were found between the groups in caregivers’ attitudes, residents’ care plans, or mood.Discussion and ImplicationsThe positive changes in caregivers’ behavior and residents’ well-being on the high implementation score wards confirm the partly successful VCM implementation. Distinguishing between wards with a high and low implementation score provided insight into factors which are crucial for successful implementation.
“Real-time” genetic monitoring of a commercial fishery on the doorstep of an MPA reveals unique insights into the interaction between coastal and migratory forms of the Atlantic cod
Authors: Johansen Torild , Westgaard Jon-Ivar , Seliussen Bjørghild B , Nedreaas Kjell , Dahle Geir , Glover Kevin A , Kvalsund Roger , Aglen Asgeir 
Published: December 2017

AbstractWith the decline of many of the world’s fisheries, increased regulation, including marine protected areas (MPA), forms an increasingly important role in promoting sustainable resource use. Here, we present a novel “real-time” genetic monitoring programme used to protect the depleted Norwegian coastal cod stock (NCC) in an MPA during the spawning season, while a fishery targeted at the sustainable Northeast Arctic cod stock (NEAC) operates immediately outside. In the period 2009–2016, &gt;6800 cod from the fishery were genotyped with the PanI locus that is discriminatory between these two stocks. The estimated fraction of NEAC increased during the study period until 2014; however, it did not exceed 70% for any sustained period. Therefore, the MPA remained closed for commercial harvest. Genetic analysis of eggs revealed a distinctly lower fraction of NEAC than in the catch from the adult stock, both immediately outside and within the MPA itself. We suggest that this discrepancy is likely to reflect differences in spawning areas used by NCC and NEAC. Estimated fractions of NEAC/NCC using PanI, otolith classification, and 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms were similar, thus validating the use of PanI to estimate NEAC/NCC composition.
Combination of a sorting grid and a square mesh panel to optimize size selection in the North-East Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) and redfish (Sebastes spp.) trawl fisheries
Authors: Sistiaga Manu , Herrmann Bent , Grimaldo Eduardo , Larsen Roger B , Olsen Leonore , Brinkhof Jesse , Tatone Ivan 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Sorting grids and square mesh panels are the two most-applied technical devices to supplement codend size- and species-selection in demersal trawls. In the Barents Sea gadoid fishery, the compulsory size-selectivity system comprises a mesh section with a sorting grid followed by a diamond mesh codend. We tested the size-selective performance of a new sorting section that comprised a sorting grid combined with a square mesh panel as a potential alternative for the grid sections currently in use. The new sorting section was shorter and therefore more maneuverable than the existing sorting grid sections. The investigation was carried out on cod and the bycatch species redfish. The grid was found to contribute to the largest proportion of fish release, and the release through the square mesh panel was low. But, the results showed that the grid was successful at guiding fish not escaping through the grid to a second selection process in the panel. However, the square mesh panel did not result on the intended release efficiency except for the smallest sizes of fish, most likely because the guiding angle of the grid and the square meshes in the panel used did not provide a suitable escape path for the desired size range of fish. Therefore, optimizing the mesh size/shape in the panel and/or the guiding angle for the grid potentially could lead to the desired selectivity pattern in the new sorting section.