bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Strategic View for Rare Earths Production, in a Competitive and Sustainable form
Authors: Taulois Campos Tereza Raquel , Araujo Fonseca Marcus Vinicius de , Fonseca Bruna de Paula Fonseca e , Martins F Edison de Oliveira 
Published: November 2016

The demand for rare earths (RE) has been intensified by their large use, especially in high technology sectors. Supply difficulties have forced RE users to seek alternative sources and invest in the development of recycling technologies and options of reuse for these elements. This article seeks to reveal the trends and ongoing changes in national and global prospects of RE. Additionally, it aims to analyze scientific collaboration networks in the area of industrial solid waste (ISW) and waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) exploitation in Brazil, examining both researchers and institutions with greater representation in the field. For this purpose, social network analysis methods were used to build and analyze co-authorship networks based on scientific publications retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The results showed that the Brazilian collaboration network of ISW research was extremely fragmented and contained 105 different groups, which were not connected to each other. The institutional network of ISW research was composed of 125 institutions, 75.2% of them from Brazil. The Brazilian collaboration network of research in WEEE was small (37 researchers), but fragmented: researchers were divided into eight different groups that do not connect to each other. The institutional network of research in WEEE was composed by 12 institutions, nine of them from Brazil. Therefore, this article presents a network collaboration model to bring together actors involved in the management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), emphasizing the potential for recovery of RE from these wastes, with the purpose of developing products and services.
Citizenship Education in Ecuador: Perceptions of Students and Teachers
Authors: Chavez Andres Alberto 
Published: November 2016

<p class="apa">The purpose of this study is to review literature about citizenship education in order to develop a framework for transformative citizenship education and compare that framework to the intended and implemented citizenship education curriculum in Ecuador. This study presents qualitative research carried out in eight schools in four provinces of Ecuador in June 2014. Information was gathered through surveys regarding teacher and student perspectives on the purpose of citizenship education, as well as students’ feelings of patriotism, compassion, and appreciation for diversity. Teachers were also interviewed in order to gain understanding about common practices in the classroom and uncover obstacles that teachers face in teaching this course. Based on the surveys and teacher interviews, it is evident that there are some obstacles to the successful implementation of citizenship education in Ecuador. Two main obstacles are a lack of resources, including textbooks, as well as a shortage of participatory class activities and projects.</p>
The Risk Averse Investor's Equilibrium Equity Premium in a Semi Martingale Market with Arbitrary Jumps
Authors: M. Mukupa George , Offen Elias R. , M. Lungu Edward 
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we study the risk averse investor's equilibrium equity premium in a semi martingale market with arbitrary jumps. We realize that, if we normalize the market, the equilibrium equity premium is consistent to taking the risk free rate $\rho=0$ in martingale markets. We also observe that the value process affects both the diffusive and rare-event premia except for the CARA negative exponential utility function. The bond price always affect the diffusive risk premium for this risk averse investor.
Five new species of the genus Singularia Arenberger, 1988 (Lepidoptera, Pterophoridae)
Authors: Kovtunovich Vasiliy , Ustjuzhanin Peter , Marquez Mildred , Utsjuzhanina Anna 
Published: November 2016

Expeditions of Ron Brechlin, Viktor Synjaev, Mildred Márquez, Juan Machado, Oleg Romanov and other colleagues over the last five years in Colombia, Ecuador and Bolivia have resulted in significant collections of Pterophoridae Zeller, 1841. The article describes five new species: Singularia brechlini Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin sp. nov., Singularia sinjaevi Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin sp. nov., Singularia guajiro Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin sp. nov., Singularia tolima Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin sp. nov. and Singularia lesya Kovtunovich & Ustjuzhanin sp. nov.
Energetinio saugumo tyrimų raida Lietuvoje
Authors: Augutis Juozas , Krikštolaitis Ričardas , Martišauskas Linas , Ušpuras Eugenijus , Žutautaitė Inga 
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje apžvelgiama energetinio saugumo tyrimų raida Lietuvoje 2006–2016 m. ir pristatomi pagrindiniai rezultatai, pasiekti atliktų energetinio saugumo tyrimų srityje. Konceptualiai apibrėžiama energetinio saugumo sąvoka, pateikiami pagrindiniai atliktų tyrimų metodiniai principai, interpretuojami pasiekti pagrindiniai rezultatai. Pristatomos dviejų tipų metodikos: viena, grįsta indikatorių sistema, taikoma vertinant integralų energetinio saugumo praėjusio laikotarpio lygį iš statistikos duomenų; kita, grįsta modeliavimo principais, taikoma siekiant nustatyti energetinio saugumo rodiklį įvairiems energetikos sektoriaus plėtros scenarijams perspektyvoje. Gauti energetinio saugumo lygio rezultatai lyginami su Latvijos ir Estijos atitinkamu lygiu. Taip pat pateikiama įvairių plėtros projektų įtaka šalies energetiniam saugumui bei jo užtikrinimo priemonės perspektyvoje.
Atsinaujinančių energijos išteklių naudojimo Lietuvoje patirtis, reikšmė ir siekiai
Authors: Marčiukaitis Mantas , Dzenajavičienė Eugenija Farida , Kveselis Vaclovas , Savickas Juozas , Perednis Eugenijus , Lisauskas Aurimas , Markevičius Antanas , Marcinauskas Kazys , Gecevičius Giedrius , Erlickytė-Marčiukaitienė Regina 
Published: November 2016

Atsinaujinantys energijos ištekliai (AEI), jų efektyvus naudojimas ir plėtra yra vienas iš esminių darnios nacionalinės energetikos strategijos tikslų, kurių įgyvendinimas mažina priklausomumą nuo iškastinio kuro importo, didina energijos tiekimo patikimumą ir mažina šiltnamio reiškinį sukeliančių dujų emisiją į atmosferą. Šių išteklių naudojimas gali mažinti energijos gamybos sąnaudas, gerina gyvenamosios aplinkos kokybę, sukuria darbo vietas, taip pat didina užimtumą regionuose ir mažina socialinę atskirtį. Straipsnyje pateikta AEI rūšių naudojimo Lietuvoje apžvalga, šio energetikos sektoriaus būklė, darnumo aspektai – ekonominiai, aplinkosauginiai ir socialiniai, apsvarstytos ateities plėtros kryptys bei perspektyvos.
Išmaniojo elektros tinklo plėtra
Authors: Radziukynas Virginijus , Klementavičius Arturas 
Published: November 2016

Straipsnyje apžvelgiami išmaniųjų tinklų plėtros ypatumai. Aptariama išmaniojo tinklo kaip šiuolaikinio pažangaus elektros tinklo samprata ir ateities vizija, apžvelgiami jo diegimo teisinio reglamentavimo aspektai, parodoma, kad dabartiniame raidos etape vyrauja bandomieji išmaniųjų tinklų projektai. Pažymima, kad išmaniųjų tinklų kūrimas šiuo metu Europoje vyksta kaip natūralus techninės pažangos procesas, o ne kaip privalomos politikos vykdymas. Pateikiama bendra išmaniųjų tinklų plėtros schema, susidedanti iš bandomųjų ir infrastruktūros projektų, ir jos finansavimo šaltiniai. Apžvelgtos išmaniųjų technologijų taikymo Lietuvos perdavimo ir skirstymo tinkluose perspektyvos. Išnagrinėta, kokią naudą elekt­ros vartotojams, tinklų operatoriams, verslui ir visuomenei gali atnešti išmaniųjų tinklų plėtra. Teigiama, kad Lietuvoje diegiama Sumanios specializacijos programa yra perspektyvi ir gali veiksmingai prisidėti prie Lietuvos mokslo ir verslo pastangų derinimo ir abipusiškumo stiprinimo diegiant išmaniuosius tinklus Lietuvoje. Daroma išvada, kad Lietuvoje atsiras daugiau įmonių (aukštųjų technologijų srityje), kurios kurs ir gamins „lietuviškus“ išmaniųjų tinklų / technologijų sprendimus ir prisidės prie Europos Komisijos rekomendacijos kurti daugiau aukštesnės pridėtinės vertės produktų.
D’une gentrification inaboutie à une « nouvelle précarisation » ? Continuités populaires et conflits de coprésence dans le centre historique de Palerme
Authors: Jeanmougin Hélène , Bouillon Florence 
Published: November 2016

La Magione, quartier populaire du centre historique de Palerme, fait l’objet depuis plusieurs années d’un important programme de renouvellement urbain visant à promouvoir l’installation de citadins aisés. Cet article se donne pour projet de décrire les effets de la cohabitation conflictuelle entre anciens et nouveaux habitants au sein de ce quartier. Nous montrons que le relatif échec de la gentrification de la Magione doit être analysé en relation avec les usages que les habitants font des espaces publics du quartier, enjeu tout aussi déterminant que l’accès au logement du point de vue des transformations sociospatiales à l’oeuvre sur ce territoire. Émerge alors l’hypothèse conclusive d’une « nouvelle précarisation » de la Magione, entendue comme processus de déqualification d’un espace urbain partiellement gentrifié, dont nous esquissons ici les conditions de possibilités.
Des institutions privées d’histoire. Enquête sur les archives d’entreprises capitalistes dédiées à la gestion de la folie (France, 1930-1950)
Authors: Guillemain Hervé 
Published: November 2016

Objectif Découvert en suivant l’histoire d’une patiente parisienne, l’Hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Rémy, ouvert en 1937 dans l’est de la France, est une institution particulière. Celle-ci a en effet été créée dans un but lucratif et dans un contexte d’urgence de la psychiatrie parisienne.
Méthode En l’absence d’archives administratives, l’histoire de cette institution ne peut être écrite qu’en ayant recours aux archives parisiennes des commanditaires et aux dossiers patients. L’histoire de l’avènement de ce statut spécifique permet de poser plusieurs questions peu abordées dans l’historiographie : celle des modes de financement de la gestion de la santé mentale, celle des transferts de patients et celle du renouveau de la critique anti asilaire au XXe siècle.
Résultats La création de cette institution dans les années 1930 correspond à un contexte spécifique de crise démographique et économique, et représente un nouveau mode de gestion de la chronicité. L’Hôpital psychiatrique de Saint-Rémy a permis de constituer un lieu de relégation pour certaines populations durant quelques années, ainsi qu’une source de profit pour des entrepreneurs liés aux réseaux politiques et économiques les plus influents de l’époque.
Conclusion En cela Saint-Rémy est un produit de la grande histoire autant que de celle de l’assistance psychiatrique.
Pt crystalline ultrathin films as counter electrodes for bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Cheng Cheng-En , Lin Zheng-Kun , Lin Yu-Chang , Lei Bi-Chen , Chang Chen-Shiung , Chien Forest Shih-Sen 
Published: November 2016

Abstract
This study is to develop the Pt crystalline ultrathin films as high-transparent, efficient, and low-Pt-loaded counter electrodes (CEs) for bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The 1-nm-thick Pt ultrathin films are sputtered on fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates and thermal annealed at 400 °C. After annealing, as-prepared amorphous-nanocrystal-mixed Pt films become high-crystalline films with better optical transmittance and electrocatalytic ability to I3
− reduction for bifacial DSCs. The rear-to-front ratios of short-circuit current density and power conversion efficiency of DSCs with crystalline ultrathin Pt CEs are as high as 81 and 83%, respectively.
The first complete plastid genomes of Melastomataceae are highly structurally conserved
Authors: Reginato Marcelo , Neubig Kurt M. , Majure Lucas C. , Michelangeli Fabian A. 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundIn the past three decades, several studies have predominantly relied on a small sample of the plastome to infer deep phylogenetic relationships in the species-rich Melastomataceae. Here, we report the first full plastid sequences of this family, compare general features of the sampled plastomes to other sequenced Myrtales, and survey the plastomes for highly informative regions for phylogenetics.MethodsGenome skimming was performed for 16 species spread across the Melastomataceae. Plastomes were assembled, annotated and compared to eight sequenced plastids in the Myrtales. Phylogenetic inference was performed using Maximum Likelihood on six different data sets, where putative biases were taken into account. Summary statistics were generated for all introns and intergenic spacers with suitable size for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and used to rank the markers by phylogenetic information.ResultsThe majority of the plastomes sampled are conserved in gene content and order, as well as in sequence length and GC content within plastid regions and sequence classes. Departures include the putative presence ofrps16andrpl2pseudogenes in some plastomes. Phylogenetic analyses of the majority of the schemes analyzed resulted in the same topology with high values of bootstrap support. Although there is still uncertainty in some relationships, in the highest supported topologies only two nodes received bootstrap values lower than 95%.DiscussionMelastomataceae plastomes are no exception for the general patterns observed in the genomic structure of land plant chloroplasts, being highly conserved and structurally similar to most other Myrtales. Despite the fact that the full plastome phylogeny shares most of the clades with the previously widely used and reduced data set, some changes are still observed and bootstrap support is higher. The plastome data set presented here is a step towards phylogenomic analyses in the Melastomataceae and will be a useful resource for future studies.
Disentangling urban habitat and matrix effects on wild bee species
Authors: Fischer Leonie K. , Eichfeld Julia , Kowarik Ingo , Buchholz Sascha 
Published: November 2016

In face of a dramatic decline of wild bee species in many rural landscapes, potential conservation functions of urban areas gain importance. Yet effects of urbanization on pollinators, and in particular on wild bees, remain ambiguous and not comprehensively understood. This is especially true for amenity grassland and extensively managed wastelands within large-scale residential housing areas. Using Berlin as a study region, we aimed to investigate (a) if these greenspaces are accepted by wild bee assemblages as foraging habitats; (b) how assemblage structure of bees and individual bee species are affected by different habitat (e.g., management, flower density) and urban matrix variables (e.g., isolation, urbanization); and (c) to what extent grassland restoration can promote bees in urban environments. In summer 2012, we collected 62 bee species belonging to more than 20% of the taxa known for Berlin. Urbanization significantly affected species composition of bees; 18 species were affiliated to different levels of urbanization. Most bee species were not affected by any of the environmental variables tested, and urbanization had a negative effect only for one bee species. Further, we determined that restoration of diverse grasslands positively affected bee species richnesss in urban environments. We conclude that differently structured and managed greenspaces in large-scale housing areas can provide additional foraging habitats and refuges for pollinators. This supports approaches towards a biodiversity friendly management within urban regions and may be of particular importance given that anthropogenic pressure is increasing in many rural landscapes.
The tectonics of the western Ordos Plateau, Ningxia, China: Slip rates on the Luoshan and East Helanshan Faults
Authors: Middleton Timothy A. , Walker Richard T. , Rood Dylan H. , Rhodes Edward J. , Parsons Barry , Lei Qiyun , Elliott John R. , Ren Zhikun , Zhou Yu 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAnalysis of the locus, style, and rate of faulting is fundamental to understanding the kinematics of continental deformation. The Ordos Plateau lies to the northeast of Tibet, within the India‐Eurasia collision zone. Previous studies have suggested that it behaves rigidly and rotates anticlockwise within a large‐scale zone of ENE‐WSW left‐lateral shearing. For this rotation to be accommodated, the eastern and western margins of the Ordos Plateau should be undergoing right‐lateral shearing and yet the dominant faulting style appears to be extensional. We focus specifically on the kinematics of the faults bounding the western margin of the Ordos Plateau and make new slip rate estimates for two of the major faults in the region: the right‐lateral strike‐slip Luoshan Fault and the normal‐slip East Helanshan Fault. We use a combination of infrared stimulated luminescence dating of offset landforms with high‐resolution imagery and topography from the Pleiades satellites to determine an average right‐lateral slip rate of 4.3 ± 0.4 mm/a (1σ uncertainty) on the Luoshan Fault. Similarly, we use 10Be exposure dating to determine a vertical throw rate on the East Helanshan Fault of <0.6 ± 0.1 mm/a, corresponding to an extension rate of <0.7 ± 0.1 mm/a (1σ uncertainty). Both of these results agree well with slip rates determined from the latest campaign GPS data. We therefore conclude that right‐lateral shearing is the dominant motion occurring in the western Ordos region, supporting a kinematic model of large‐scale anticlockwise rotation of the whole Ordos Plateau.
Dietary Fiber Intake in Relation to Knee Pain Trajectory
Authors: Dai Zhaoli , Lu Na , Niu Jingbo , Felson David T. , Zhang Yuqing 
Published: November 2016

ObjectiveDietary fiber may reduce knee pain, in part by lowering body weight and reducing inflammation. In this study, we assessed whether fiber intake was associated with patterns of knee pain development.MethodsIn a prospective, multicenter cohort of 4,796 men and women ages 45–79 years with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis, participants underwent annual followups for 8 years. Dietary fiber intake was estimated using a validated food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Group‐based trajectory modeling was used to identify Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain trajectories, which were assessed for associations with dietary fiber intake using polytomous regression models.ResultsOf the eligible participants (4,470 persons and 8,940 knees, mean ± SD age 61.3 ± 9.1 years, 58% women), 4.9% underwent knee replacement and were censored at the time of surgery. Four distinct knee pain patterns were identified: no pain (34.5%), mild pain (38.1%), moderate pain (21.2%), and severe pain (6.2%). Dietary total fiber was inversely related to membership in the moderate or severe pain groups (P ≤ 0.006 for trend for both). Subjects in the highest versus those in the lowest quartile of total fiber intake had a lower risk of belonging to the moderate pain pattern group (odds ratio [OR] 0.76 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.61–0.93]) and severe pain pattern group (OR 0.56 [95% CI 0.41–0.78]). Similar results were found with grain fiber and these 2 pain pattern groups.ConclusionOur findings suggest that a high intake of dietary total or grain fiber, particularly the recommended daily fiber average intake of 25 gm per day, is associated with a lower risk of developing moderate or severe knee pain over time.
Squaramide‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Cascade Approach to Bispirooxindoles with Multiple Stereocenters
Authors: Zhao Bo‐Liang , Du Da‐Ming 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA bifunctional squaramide‐catalyzed Michael/Michael cascade reaction for the construction of spirotetrahydrofuran bispirooxindoles was developed. The products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities (up to >20:1 dr, >99% ee). This straightforward process serves as a powerful method for the enantioselective construction of potentially bioactive bispirooxindoles in which two of the four contiguous chiral centers are spiro all‐carbon quaternary centers on a single tetrahydrofuran ring. Meanwhile, the synthetic practicality of this methodology was illustrated by performing the reaction on a gram‐scale with the same efficiency and stereoselectivity.magnified image
Molybdenum‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Deoxygenation of Epoxides to Alkenes
Authors: Asako Sobi , Sakae Takahisa , Murai Masahito , Takai Kazuhiko 
Published: November 2016

AbstractMild and simple catalytic systems consisting of molybdenum(VI) dichloride dioxide [MoO2Cl2] as a catalyst and a phosphine as reductant have been developed for the stereospecific deoxygenation of epoxides to alkenes. The reactions using 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) and triphenylphosphine (PPh3) proceed with retention and inversion of stereochemistry, respectively. The mild reaction tolerates the presence of various functional groups and affords stereodefined substituted olefins in good yields.magnified image
Regioselective Synthesis of Pyrroles from Alkyne‐Isocyanide Click Reactions: An Angle Strain‐Induced Bond Migration Approach
Authors: George Jimil , Kim Hun Young , Oh Kyungsoo 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe direct regioselective synthesis of highly functionalized pyrroles with two different electron‐withdrawing groups has been developed using an angle strain‐induced 1,2‐shift of an electron‐withdrawing group in 2H‐pyrroles. The preferential migration aptitude of an electron‐withdrawing group over alkyl and aryl groups is believed to be the result of the orbital overlap between the internal alkene and the electron‐withdrawing group. The newly developed regioselective synthesis of pyrroles features a wide substrate scope, simple reaction set‐up, and high yields (60–82%), capturing the essence of alkyne‐isocyanide “click” reactions.magnified image
Early life trauma, post‐traumatic stress disorder, and allostatic load in a sample of American Indian adults
Authors: Thayer Zaneta , Barbosa‐Leiker Celestina , McDonell Michael , Nelson Lonnie , Buchwald Dedra , Manson Spero 
Published: November 2016

AbstractObjectivesAmong American Indians, prior research has found associations between early life trauma and the development of post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adulthood. Given the physiological changes associated with PTSD, early life trauma could indirectly contribute to chronic disease risk. However, the impact of early life trauma on adult physical health in this population has not been previously investigated.MethodsWe evaluated associations among early life trauma, PTSD, and 13 physiological biomarkers that index cardiovascular, metabolic, neuroendocrine, anthropometric, and immune function in adulthood by conducting correlation and structural equation modeling path analyses (N = 197). Physiological systems were analyzed individually as well as in a composite measure of allostatic load.ResultsWe found early life trauma was related to PTSD, which in turn was related to elevated allostatic load in adulthood. Among the various components of allostatic load, the neuroendocrine system was the only one significantly related to early life stress and subsequent PTSD development.ConclusionsChanges in allostatic load might reflect adaptive adjustments that maximize short‐term survival by enhancing stress reactivity, but at a cost to later health. Interventions should focus on improving access to resources for children who experience early life trauma in order to avoid PTSD and other harmful sequelae.