bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An epidemiological profile of bipolar disorder among older adults with complex needs: A national cross‐sectional study
Authors: Schluter Philip J , Lacey Cameron , Porter Richard J , Jamieson Hamish A 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivesResearch on bipolar disorder (BD) among community‐living older adults is scant and often suffers from important methodological limitations. Using a national database, this study presents an epidemiological profile of BD in older community residents within New Zealand.MethodsSince 2012, all New Zealand community care recipients have undergone a standardized needs assessment using the Home Care International Residential Assessment Instrument (interRAI‐HC). The interRAI‐HC elicits information using 236 questions over 20 domains, including BD diagnosis. Those who were assessed between 1 September 2012 and 31 January 2016, who were aged ≥65 years, and who provided consent were included. Statistical investigations employed bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models.ResultsOverall, 71 859 people were eligible; their average age was 82.7 years (range 65‐105 years), with 43 802 (61.0%) being female and 798 (1.1%) having a BD diagnosis. Participants' sex, age and ethnic identification were significantly related to BD (all P<.001). Participants with a higher number of comorbidities had greater odds of BD; for those with at least six comorbidities, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) was 2.32 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.37‐3.92). Almost all considered social and environmental variables were significantly and detrimentally associated with BD, such as living in squalid conditions (2.7% for those with DB vs 1.1% for those without DB; AOR=1.60 [95% CI 1.06‐2.42]).ConclusionsBD among older adults is not uncommon, and numbers will increase as populations age. Increasingly, health services are moving to home‐based integrated models of care. Clinicians and decision‐makers need to be aware in their planning and service delivery that significant deficits in environment quality and exposure to stressful living circumstances remain for older adults with BD.
Overall survival in lower IPSS risk MDS by receipt of iron chelation therapy, adjusting for patient‐related factors and measuring from time of first red blood cell transfusion dependence: an MDS‐CAN analysis
Authors: Leitch Heather A. , Parmar Ambica , Wells Richard A. , Chodirker Lisa , Zhu Nancy , Nevill Thomas J. , Yee Karen W. L. , Leber Brian , Keating Mary‐Margaret , Sabloff Mitchell , St. Hilaire Eve , Kumar Rajat , Delage Robert , Geddes Michelle , Storring John M. , Kew Andrea , Shamy April , Elemary Mohamed , Lenis Martha , Mamedov Alexandre , Ivo Jessica , Francis Janika , Zhang Liying , Buckstein Rena 
Published: July 2017

SummaryAnalyses suggest iron overload in red blood cell (RBC) transfusion‐dependent (TD) patients with myleodysplastic syndrome (MDS) portends inferior overall survival (OS) that is attenuated by iron chelation therapy (ICT) but may be biassed by unbalanced patient‐related factors. The Canadian MDS Registry prospectively measures frailty, comorbidity and disability. We analysed OS by receipt of ICT, adjusting for these patient‐related factors. TD International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) low and intermediate‐1 risk MDS, at RBC TD, were included. Predictive factors for OS were determined. A matched pair analysis considering age, revised IPSS, TD severity, time from MDS diagnosis to TD, and receipt of disease‐modifying agents was conducted. Of 239 patients, 83 received ICT; frailty, comorbidity and disability did not differ from non‐ICT patients. Median OS from TD was superior in ICT patients (5·2 vs. 2·1 years; P < 0·0001). By multivariate analysis, not receiving ICT independently predicted inferior OS, (hazard ratio for death 2·0, P = 0·03). In matched pair analysis, OS remained superior for ICT patients (P = 0·02). In this prospective, non‐randomized analysis, receiving ICT was associated with superior OS in lower IPSS risk MDS, adjusting for age, frailty, comorbidity, disability, revised IPSS, TD severity, time to TD and receiving disease‐modifying agents. This provides additional evidence that ICT may confer clinical benefit.
Comparative outcomes of immunochemotherapy regimens in Waldenström macroglobulinaemia
Authors: Olszewski Adam J. , Chen Chang , Gutman Roee , Treon Steven P. , Castillo Jorge J. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryComparative data on immunochemotherapy regimens for Waldenström macroglobulinaemia/lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (WM/LPL) are lacking. We analysed overall survival (OS), risk of hospitalizations, transfusions and plasmapheresis in a population‐based cohort of patients ≥65 years old initiating WM/LPL therapy in 1999–2013. To minimize bias, we applied a propensity score‐based causal inference method. We conducted three analyses of: patients treated with or without rituximab, patients treated with rituximab monotherapy or with combination immunochemotherapy, and regimens based on classic purine analogues or alkylators. Among 1310 patients, 78·5% received rituximab. Patients who received rituximab had significantly better OS [hazard ratio (HR) 0·62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·55–0·71] and lower risk of transfusions (risk difference −3·3%, 95% CI −6·3 to −0·3) than those who did not, without a significant difference in hospitalizations or plasmapheresis. We observed no significant difference in OS (HR 0·91, 95% CI 0·79–1·04) between rituximab monotherapy and combination immunochemotherapy, but toxicity outcomes were lower with rituximab alone. Neither survival (HR 1·10, 95%CI 0·92–1·32) nor toxicity outcomes differed significantly between regimens based on purine analogues or alkylators. The survival advantage strongly supports rituximab as part of upfront therapy for WM/LPL, whereas regimens with either purine analogues or alkylating agents result in similar outcomes.
Big conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel openers control spasticity without sedation
Authors: Baker David , Pryce Gareth , Visintin Cristina , Sisay Sofia , Bondarenko Alexander I , Vanessa Ho W S , Jackson Samuel J , Williams Thomas E , Al‐Izki Sarah , Sevastou Ioanna , Okuyama Masahiro , Graier Wolfgang F , Stevenson Lesley A , Tanner Carolyn , Ross Ruth , Pertwee Roger G , Henstridge Christopher M , Irving Andrew J , Schulman Jesse , Powell Keith , Baker Mark D , Giovannoni Gavin , Selwood David L 
Published: July 2017

Background and PurposeOur initial aim was to generate cannabinoid agents that control spasticity, occurring as a consequence of multiple sclerosis (MS), whilst avoiding the sedative side effects associated with cannabis. VSN16R was synthesized as an anandamide (endocannabinoid) analogue in an anti‐metabolite approach to identify drugs that target spasticity.Experimental ApproachFollowing the initial chemistry, a variety of biochemical, pharmacological and electrophysiological approaches, using isolated cells, tissue‐based assays and in vivo animal models, were used to demonstrate the activity, efficacy, pharmacokinetics and mechanism of action of VSN16R. Toxicological and safety studies were performed in animals and humans.Key ResultsVSN16R had nanomolar activity in tissue‐based, functional assays and dose‐dependently inhibited spasticity in a mouse experimental encephalomyelitis model of MS. This effect occurred with over 1000‐fold therapeutic window, without affecting normal muscle tone. Efficacy was achieved at plasma levels that are feasible and safe in humans. VSN16R did not bind to known CB1/CB2/GPPR55 cannabinoid‐related receptors in receptor‐based assays but acted on a vascular cannabinoid target. This was identified as the major neuronal form of the big conductance, calcium‐activated potassium (BKCa) channel. Drug‐induced opening of neuronal BKCa channels induced membrane hyperpolarization, limiting excessive neural‐excitability and controlling spasticity.Conclusions and ImplicationsWe identified the neuronal form of the BKCa channel as the target for VSN16R and demonstrated that its activation alleviates neuronal excitability and spasticity in an experimental model of MS, revealing a novel mechanism to control spasticity. VSN16R is a potential, safe and selective ligand for controlling neural hyper‐excitability in spasticity.
Misuse of bird digital distribution maps creates reversed spatial diversity patterns in the Amazon
Authors: Vale Mariana M. , Marques Tamires L. , Cohn‐Haft Mario , Vieira Marcus Vinícius 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIt is well known that bird richness in the Amazon is greater in upland forests and that seasonally flooded forest is particularly species poor. However, the misleading pattern of greater bird richness in seasonally flooded forest has emerged seemingly unnoticed numerous times in richness maps in the literature. We hypothesize that commission errors in digital distribution maps (DDMs) are the cause behind the misleading richness pattern. In the Amazon, commission errors are a consequence of the different methodological treatment given to large‐ranged versus small‐ranged habitat specialists when mapping distributions.DDMs of 1007 Amazonian birds were examined, and maps that had commission errors were corrected. We generated two richness maps, one from the overlay of originalDDMs and another from the overlay of the corrected ones. We identified 291 species whose distribution maps had errors. In the original data, seasonally flooded forests showed higher species richness than upland forest, but this pattern was reverted in the corrected richness map. Commission errors were 35 times more likely in the seasonally flooded forest. We conclude thatDDMs accurately portray the distribution of single species in the Amazon. Commission errors in individual maps, however, accumulate when they are overlaid, explaining the misleading pattern for birds in the Amazon.DDMs can continue to be used mapping richness, as long as, at a regional scale: (1) basic map refinements are carried, or (2) only small‐range species are used for mapping species richness.
Decomposing Single Images for Layered Photo Retouching
Authors: Innamorati Carlo , Ritschel Tobias , Weyrich Tim , Mitra Niloy J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPhotographers routinely compose multiple manipulated photos of the same scene into a single image, producing a fidelity difficult to achieve using any individual photo. Alternately, 3D artists set up rendering systems to produce layered images to isolate individual aspects of the light transport, which are composed into the final result in post‐production. Regrettably, these approaches either take considerable time and effort to capture, or remain limited to synthetic scenes. In this paper, we suggest a method to decompose a single image into multiple layers that approximates effects such as shadow, diffuse illumination, albedo, and specular shading. To this end, we extend the idea of intrinsic images along two axes: first, by complementing shading and reflectance with specularity and occlusion, and second, by introducing directional dependence. We do so by training a convolutional neural network (CNN) with synthetic data. Such decompositions can then be manipulated in any off‐the‐shelf image manipulation software and composited back. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our decomposition on synthetic (i. e., rendered) and real data (i. e., photographs), and use them for photo manipulations, which are otherwise impossible to perform based on single images. We provide comparisons with state‐of‐the‐art methods and also evaluate the quality of our decompositions via a user study measuring the effectiveness of the resultant photo retouching setup. Supplementary material and code are available for research use at geometry.cs.ucl.ac.uk/projects/2017/layered-retouching.
Cost‐effectiveness of a lifestyle modification program in long‐term survivors of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Gao Lan , Moodie Marj , Brown Victoria , Avery Sharon 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTTo evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of a lifestyle modification program targeting long‐term survivors of hematological malignancy treated with hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, a multistate life table Markov model was used to calculate health outcomes for both the intervention and no intervention. Cost per health‐adjusted life year (HALY) saved was reported for four scenarios: all participants with/without standard weight regain, and participants who at baseline were overweight with/without standard weight regain. The program recruited 53 participants and was associated with reductions in body weight of 2.2 kg and BMI 0.8 units on intervention completion (12 months) at a cost of $1233/participant. These adipose reductions were sustained and remained significant at 24 months. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratios varied from $118 418 per HALY to dominant, depending on the weight regain assumption. The program may be cost‐effective in transplant survivors, with the results most sensitive to the weight regain assumption and intervention cost.
S1‐Leitlinie Lipödem
Authors: Reich‐Schupke Stefanie , Schmeller Wilfried , Brauer Wolfgang Justus , Cornely Manuel E. , Faerber Gabriele , Ludwig Malte , Lulay Gerd , Miller Anya , Rapprich Stefan , Richter Dirk Frank , Schacht Vivien , Schrader Klaus , Stücker Markus , Ure Christian 
Published: July 2017

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende überarbeitete Leitlinie zum Lipödem wurde unter der Federführung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Phlebologie (DGP) erstellt und finanziert. Die Inhalte beruhen auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche und dem Konsens von acht medizinischen Fachgesellschaften und Berufsverbänden. Die Leitlinie beinhaltet Empfehlungen zu Diagnostik und Therapie des Lipödems.Die Diagnose ist dabei auf der Basis von Anamnese und klinischem Befund zu stellen. Charakteristisch ist eine umschriebene, symmetrisch lokalisierte Vermehrung des Unterhautfettgewebes an den Extremitäten mit deutlicher Disproportion zum Stamm. Zusätzlich finden sich Ödeme, Hämatomneigung und eine gesteigerte Schmerzhaftigkeit der betroffenen Körperabschnitte. Weitere apparative Untersuchungen sind bisher besonderen Fragestellungen vorbehalten. Die Erkrankung ist chronisch progredient mit individuell unterschiedlichem und nicht vorhersehbarem Verlauf.Die Therapie besteht aus vier Säulen, die individuell kombiniert und an das aktuelle Beschwerdebild angepasst werden sollten: komplexe physikalische Entstauungstherapie (manuelle Lymphdrainage, Kompressionstherapie, Bewegungstherapie, Hautpflege), Liposuktion und plastisch‐chirurgische Interventionen, Ernährung und körperliche Aktivität sowie ggf. additive Psychotherapie. Operative Maßnahmen sind insbesondere dann angezeigt, wenn trotz konsequent durchgeführter konservativer Therapie noch Beschwerden bestehen bzw. eine Progredienz des Befundes und/oder der Beschwerden auftritt. Eine begleitend zum Lipödem bestehende morbide Adipositas sollte vor einer Liposuktion therapeutisch angegangen werden.
Knowledge Integration and Team Effectiveness: A Team Goal Orientation Approach
Authors: Mehta Anju , Mehta Nikhil 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTKnowledge integration is critical to achieving both objective and subjective team effectiveness goals. Integrating knowledge resources, however, is a challenging activity for teams. Converging the theories of team goal orientation and knowledge integration, in this study we examine how team goal orientation impacts a team's internal knowledge integration, and how knowledge integration, in turn, affects multiple dimensions of team effectiveness. Data were collected from 90 self‐directed teams engaged in an extended business simulation, where each team acted as a top management team of a business firm. Results indicated that both learning and performance‐prove goal orientations positively influenced team knowledge integration, and knowledge integration impacted both objective and subjective dimensions of team effectiveness. We also found partial support for a mediating role of internal knowledge integration. The study recommends a goal orientation approach to integrating knowledge in teams and proposes that this approach has significant implications for both research and practice.
DREADD‐induced silencing of the medial amygdala reduces the preference for male pheromones and the expression of lordosis in estrous female mice
Authors: McCarthy Elizabeth A. , Maqsudlu Arman , Bass Matthew , Georghiou Sofia , Cherry James A. , Baum Michael J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSexually naïve estrous female mice seek out male urinary pheromones; however, they initially display little receptive (lordosis) behavior in response to male mounts. Vomeronasal–accessory olfactory bulb inputs to the medial amygdala (Me) regulate courtship in female rodents. We used a reversible inhibitory chemogenetic technique (Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs; DREADDs) to assess the contribution of Me signaling to females’ preference for male pheromones and improvement in receptivity normally seen with repeated testing. Sexually naïve females received bilateral Me injections of an adeno‐associated virus carrying an inhibitory DREADD. Females were later ovariectomized, treated with ovarian hormones, and given behavioral tests following intraperitoneal injections of saline or clozapine‐N‐oxide (CNO; which hyperpolarizes infected Me neurons). CNO attenuated females’ preference to investigate male vs. female urinary odors. Repeated CNO treatment also slowed the increase in lordosis otherwise seen in females given saline. However, when saline was given to females previously treated with CNO, their lordosis quotients were as high as other females repeatedly given saline. No disruptive behavioral effects of CNO were seen in estrous females lacking DREADD infections of the Me. Finally, CNO attenuated the ability of male pheromones to stimulate Fos expression in the Me of DREADD‐infected mice but not in non‐infected females. Our results affirm the importance of Me signaling in females’ chemosensory preferences and in the acute expression of lordosis. However, they provide no indication that Me signaling is required for the increase in receptivity normally seen after repeated hormone priming and testing with a male.
Striatal cholinergic interneurons and Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tanimura Asami , Pancani Tristano , Lim Sean Austin O. , Tubert Cecilia , Melendez Alexandra E. , Shen Weixing , Surmeier Dalton James 
Published: July 2017

AbstractGiant, aspiny cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) have long been known to be key nodes in the striatal circuitry controlling goal‐directed actions and habits. In recent years, new experimental approaches, like optogenetics and monosynaptic rabies virus mapping, have expanded our understanding of how ChIs contribute to the striatal activity underlying action selection and the interplay of dopaminergic and cholinergic signaling. These approaches also have begun to reveal how ChI function is distorted in disease states affecting the basal ganglia, like Parkinson's disease (PD). This review gives a brief overview of our current understanding of the functional role played by ChIs in striatal physiology and how this changes in PD. The translational implications of these discoveries, as well as the gaps that remain to be bridged, are discussed as well.
Intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis in patients with symptomatic epilepsy and epilepsy of unknown etiology (‘cryptogenic’)
Authors: Fauser S. , Soellner C. , Bien C. G. , Tumani H. 
Published: July 2017

Background and purposeTo compare the frequency of intrathecal immunoglobulin (Ig) synthesis in patients with symptomatic epilepsy and epilepsy of unknown etiology (‘cryptogenic’).MethodsPatients with epileptic (n = 301) and non‐epileptic (n = 10) seizures were retrospectively screened for autochthonous intrathecal Ig synthesis and oligoclonal bands (OCBs) in the cerebrospinal fluid.ResultsIntrathecal IgG/OCBs were detected in 8% of patients with epilepsies of unknown etiology, 5% of patients with first seizures of unknown cause and 0–4% of patients with epilepsy due to brain tumors, cerebrovascular disease or other etiologies. Intrathecal IgG/OCBs were not seen in patients with psychogenic seizures. Identical OCBs in serum and cerebrospinal fluid were more common in all patient groups (10–40% depending on underlying etiology).ConclusionsIntrathecal IgG synthesis/OCBs were observed slightly more frequently in patients with ‘cryptogenic’ epilepsy and with first seizures of unknown etiology than in other patient groups. However, this remained an infrequent finding and thus we could not confirm humoral immunity as a leading disease mechanism in patients with epilepsy in general or with unknown etiology in particular.
Age‐associated intracellular superoxide dismutase deficiency potentiates dermal fibroblast dysfunction during wound healing
Authors: Fujiwara Toshihiro , Dohi Teruyuki , Maan Zeshaan N. , Rustad Kristine C. , Kwon Sun Hyung , Padmanabhan Jagannath , Whittam Alexander J. , Suga Hirotaka , Duscher Dominik , Rodrigues Melanie , Gurtner Geoffrey C. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractReactive oxygen species (ROS) impair wound healing through destructive oxidation of intracellular proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Intracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD1) regulates ROS levels and plays a critical role in tissue homoeostasis. Recent evidence suggests that age‐associated wound healing impairments may partially result from decreased SOD1 expression. We investigated the mechanistic basis by which increased oxidative stress links to age‐associated impaired wound healing. Fibroblasts were isolated from unwounded skin of young and aged mice, and myofibroblast differentiation was assessed by measuring α‐smooth muscle actin and collagen gel contraction. Excisional wounds were created on young and aged mice to study the healing rate, ROS levels and SOD1 expression. A mechanistic link between oxidative stress and fibroblast function was explored by assessing the TGF‐β1 signalling pathway components in young and aged mice. Age‐related wounds displayed reduced myofibroblast differentiation and delayed wound healing, consistent with a decrease in the in vitro capacity for fibroblast‐myofibroblast transition following oxidative stress. Young fibroblasts with normal SOD1 expression exhibited increased phosphorylation of ERK in response to elevated ROS. In contrast, aged fibroblasts with reduced SOD1 expression displayed a reduced capacity to modulate intracellular ROS. Collectively, age‐associated wound healing impairments are associated with fibroblast dysfunction that is likely the result of decreased SOD1 expression and subsequent dysregulation of intracellular ROS. Strategies targeting these mechanisms may suggest a new therapeutic approach in the treatment of chronic non‐healing wounds in the aged population.