bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Study on Nickel‐Catalyzed Silylation of Aryl Methyl Ethers
Authors: Wang Bing , Zhang Qi , Jiang Julong , Yu Haizhu , Fu Yao 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe mechanism of the nickel‐catalyzed silylation of aryl methyl ethers has been systematically investigated by using DFT methods. This theoretical study supports a catalytic cycle that involves the formation of a nickel–silyl complex, C−O bond cleavage, C−Si reductive elimination, the addition of methoxide to boron, and finally regeneration of the catalyst. Notably, it was found that activation of the C−O bond proceeded through an oxidative addition pathway with a three‐centered transition state. The silyl anion generated in situ works as a ligand to the nickel center and promotes this process. Meanwhile, the role of the base added (KOtBu) is also elucidated. The potassium cation helps to stabilize the oxidative addition transition state through noncovalent interactions, while the resting state is destabilized due to steric repulsion introduced by the tert‐butoxide anion. This is further confirmed by a comparison made computationally between the reaction with KOtBu and that with KOMe or NaOtBu as the base.
Solvent‐Sensitive Emitting Urea‐Bridged bis‐BODIPYs: Ready Access by a One‐Pot Tandem Staudinger/Aza‐Wittig Ureation
Authors: Cristóbal López J. , del Rio Mayca , Oliden Ainhoa , Bañuelos Jorge , López‐Arbeloa Iñigo , García‐Moreno Inmaculada , Gómez Ana M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractHerein we describe the synthesis, and computationally aided photophysical characterization of a new set of urea‐bridged bis‐BODIPY derivatives. These new dyads are efficiently obtained by a one‐pot tandem Staudinger/aza‐Wittig ureation protocol, from easily accessible meso‐phenyl ortho‐azidomethyl BODIPYs. These symmetric bis‐BODIPYs outstand by a high absorption probability and excellent fluorescence and laser emission in less polar media. Nevertheless, this emission ability decreases in more polar media, which is ascribed to a light‐induced charge‐transfer from the urea spacer to the dipyrrin core, a process that can be modulated by appropriate changes in the substitution pattern of the BODIPY core. Furthermore, this ureation protocol can also be employed for the direct conjugation of our BODIPY‐azides to amine‐containing compounds, thus providing access to fluorescent non‐symmetric ureas.
Topological Defects in Hyperbranched Glycopolymers Enhance Binding to Lectins
Authors: Salvadó Míriam , Reina José J. , Rojo Javier , Castillón Sergio , Boutureira Omar 
Published: August 2017

AbstractCentral scaffold topology and carbohydrate density are important features in determining the binding mechanism and potency of synthetic multivalent of poly‐ versus monodisperse carbohydrate systems against a model plant toxin (Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA120)). Lower densities of protein receptors favour the use of heterogeneous, polydisperse glycoconjugate presentations, as determined by surface plasmon resonance and dynamic light scattering.
Gold(I) Metallo‐Tweezers for the Recognition of Functionalized Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Combined π–π Stacking and H‐Bonding
Authors: Biz Chiara , Ibáñez Susana , Poyatos Macarena , Gusev Dmitry , Peris Eduardo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractTwo gold(I)‐based metallo‐tweezers with bis(Au−NHC) pincers and a carbazole connector have been obtained and used for the recognition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In the case of the tweezer with pyrene–NHC ligands, the presence of the pyrene fragment and the N−H bond in the carbazole linker enable the receptor to show significant enhanced binding abilities toward PAHs functionalized with H‐bonding groups, through combined π–π stacking and H‐bonding.
Development of a Diversity‐Preserving Strategy for the Pareto Optimization in Chemical Process Design
Authors: Zimmermann Kristina , Fieg Georg 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe simulation‐based design of chemical processes with an overlaid multi‐objective optimization is of growing importance. The quality of the determined optimization results, referred to as the Pareto front, influences directly the variety of solutions given to the decision maker. In case of the frequently used genetic algorithms, a lot of studies have been done for a precise approximation of the Pareto front. However, most of the developed methods are inconvenient and/or time‐consuming and, thus, inappropriate for industrial applications. A novel approach, the two‐step optimization, was successfully tested in order to overcome these challenges.
Changing psychosocial determinants of physical activity and diet in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Jelsma Judith G.M. , van Poppel Mireille N.M. , Smith Ben J. , Cinnadaio Nancy , Bauman Adrian , Tapsell Linda , Cheung N. Wah , van der Ploeg Hidde P. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundTo investigate how a behavioural lifestyle intervention influences psychosocial determinants of physical activity and dietary behaviours in a population at risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM).MethodsFifty‐nine women with a body mass index of ≥25 kg/m2 and a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) participated in a randomized controlled study. The intervention group (n = 29) received 2 face‐to‐face and 5 telephone lifestyle‐counselling sessions with a health professional. The control group (n = 30) received care as usual. At baseline and 6 months, psychosocial determinants related to physical activity and diet were measured with a self‐administrated questionnaire. Linear regression analyses were applied to test for intervention effects.ResultsThe intervention was effective in improving social support (β = 3.5, P < 0.001; β = 2.1, P = 0.02), modifying self‐efficacy (β = ‐2.2, P = 0.02; β = ‐4.3, P < 0.001), and reducing barriers (β = ‐3.5, P = 0.01; β = ‐3.8, P = 0.01) for, respectively, physical activity and diet from baseline to 6‐month follow‐up in the intervention group compared with the control group. The intervention reduced the following barriers to a physically active lifestyle: lack of energy and lack of motivation. Physical activity barriers like lack of time and lack of childcare were unchanged. The intervention reduced the following barriers to a healthy diet: lack of time, costs, having unhealthy snacks at home, and having cravings for sweets.ConclusionThis lifestyle intervention influenced psychosocial determinants relevant for overweight women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in prevention of T2DM.
Diabetes primary prevention program: New insights from data analysis of recruitment period
Authors: Gagliardino Juan J. , Elgart Jorge F. , Bourgeois Marcelo , Etchegoyen Graciela , Fantuzzi Gabriel , Ré Matías , Ricart Juan P. , García Silvia , Giampieri Cecilia , González Lorena , Suárez‐Crivaro Florencia , Kronsbein Peter , Angelini Julieta M. , Martínez Camilo , Martínez Jorge , Ricart Alberto , Spinedi Eduardo 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackgroundPrimary Prevention of Diabetes Program in Buenos Aires Province evaluates the effectiveness of adopting healthy lifestyle to prevent type 2 diabetes (T2D) in people at high risk of developing it. We aimed to present preliminary data analysis of FINDRISC and laboratory measurements taken during recruitment of people for the Primary Prevention of Diabetes Program in Buenos Aires Province in the cities of La Plata, Berisso, and Ensenada, Argentina.MethodsPeople were recruited through population approach (house‐to‐house survey by FINDRISC in randomized areas) and opportunistic approach (FINDRISC completed by participants during consultations for nonrelated prediabetes/diabetes symptoms in public and private primary care centres of cities involved). In people with FINDRISC score ≥ 13 points, we evaluated blood concentrations of HbA1c, creatinine, lipids, and an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).ResultsApproximately 3415 individuals completed the FINDRISC populational survey and 344 the opportunistic survey; 43% of the 2 groups scored over 13 points; 2.8 and 75.4% of them, respectively, took the prescribed OGTT. Approximately 53.7% of the OGTT showed normal values and 5.2% unknown T2D. The remaining cases showed 69.5% impaired fasting glucose, 13.6% impaired glucose tolerance, and 16.9% both impairments. HbA1c values showed significant differences compared with normal glucose tolerance (4.96 ± 0.43%), prediabetes (5.28 ± 0.51%), and T2D (5.60 ± 0.51%). Participants with prediabetes and T2D showed a predominant increase in low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol values. In prediabetes, >50% showed insulin resistance.ConclusionsPeople with prediabetes/T2D had dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance, which promotes the development of T2D and cardiovascular disease. Thus, it merits its appropriate treatment.
Visual processing of one's own body over the course of time: Evidence for the vigilance‐avoidance theory in adolescents with anorexia nervosa?
Authors: Bauer Anika , Schneider Silvia , Waldorf Manuel , Cordes Martin , Huber Thomas J. , Braks Karsten , Vocks Silja 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveThe vigilance‐avoidance theory postulates a specific threat‐related pattern of attention deployment, characterized by initial orientation towards fear‐evoking stimuli and subsequent directing of attention away from them. The current eye‐tracking study was the first to examine the applicability of the theory for patients with eating disorders, who perceive their own body as a highly aversive, threat‐evoking stimulus.MethodN = 56 female adolescents with anorexia nervosa (AN) and n = 43 healthy controls (HC) aged 13‐18 viewed own‐body pictures while their eye movements were recorded. Relative fixation times on self‐defined unattractive body areas were compared between the groups by sequencing the overall presentation time of 6,000 ms into six intervals à 1,000 ms.ResultsParticipants with AN showed a significantly stronger attentional bias for unattractive body areas than HC within the time intervals 1, 2, and 3. However, for intervals 4, 5, and 6, no significant group differences occurred. Within the AN group, the bias for unattractive body areas was significantly stronger in interval 1 compared to intervals 4, 5, and 6; whereas within the HC group, a stable pattern of attention deployment emerged. In AN, early attention deployment was positively correlated with the negative affect reported after photo presentation.DiscussionThe early vigilance in AN and the subsequent decrease in attention to unattractive body parts is in line with our assumptions. However, no indication of attentional avoidance was found. The current findings partially support the vigilance‐avoidance theory for the exposure to one's own body in adolescents with AN.
Adipose‐tissue regulatory T cells: Critical players in adipose‐immune crosstalk
Authors: Becker Maike , Levings Megan K. , Daniel Carolin 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObesity and type‐2 diabetes (T2D) are associated with metabolic defects and inflammatory processes in fat depots. FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) control immune tolerance, and have an important role in controlling tissue‐specific inflammation. In this mini‐review we will discuss current insights into how cross‐talk between T cells and adipose tissue shapes the inflammatory environment in obesity‐associated metabolic diseases, focusing on the role of CD4+T cells and Tregs. We will also highlight potential opportunities for how the immunoregulatory properties of Tregs could be harnessed to control inflammation in obesity and T2D and emphasize the critical need for more research on humans to establish mechanisms that are conserved in both mice and humans.
Anti‐interleukin‐6 signalling therapy rebalances the disrupted cytokine production of B cells from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Fleischer Sarah , Ries Stefanie , Shen Ping , Lheritier Alix , Cazals Frédéric , Burmester Gerd. R. , Dörner Thomas , Fillatreau Simon 
Published: August 2017

AbstractRheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with abnormal B cell‐functions implicating antibody‐dependent and ‐independent mechanisms. B cells have emerged as important cytokine‐producing cells, and cytokines are well‐known drivers of RA pathogenesis. To identify novel cytokine‐mediated B‐cell functions in RA, we comprehensively analysed the capacity of B cells from RA patients with an inadequate response to disease modifying anti‐rheumatic drugs to produce cytokines in comparison with healthy donors (HD). RA B cells displayed a constitutively higher production of the pathogenic factors interleukin (IL)‐8 and Gro‐α, while their production of several cytokines upon activation via the B cell receptor for antigen (BCR) was broadly suppressed, including a loss of the expression of the protective factor TRAIL, compared to HD B cells. These defects were partly erased after treatment with the IL‐6‐signalling inhibitor tocilizumab, indicating that abnormal IL‐6 signalling contributed to these abnormalities. Noteworthy, the clinical response of individual patients to tocilizumab therapy could be predicted using the amounts of MIP‐1β and β‐NGF produced by these patients’ B cells before treatment. Taken together, our study highlights hitherto unknown abnormal B‐cell functions in RA patients, which are related to the unbalanced cytokine network, and are potentially relevant for RA pathogenesis and treatment.
Silkworm (Bombyx mori) has the Capability to Accumulate C20 and C22 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Yu Xin‐Bo , Shen Yi‐Yong , Cui Qing‐Mei , Chen Yu , Sun Wei , Huang Xian‐Zhi , Zhu Yong 
Published: August 2017

Bombyx mori, an insect with significant economic importance in China contains a large amount of lipids among different developmental stages, especially the pupal stage. Silkworms are fed with a base diet and fish oil supplemented diet, and the fatty acid (FA) compositions of different strains, life stages, and sexes are determined by GC‐MS. No C20 or C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are detected in silkworms fed with the base diet. Females accumulates more unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) than males in the pupal stage, and the relative amount of USFAs decreases from the wandering stage to the moth stage, especially in females, suggesting that silkworms prefer the utilization of USFAs. In addition, when silkworms are fed with a diet supplemented with fish oil, which contained C20 and C22 PUFAs, they accumulates C20 and C22 PUFAs in proportion to the concentration of fish oil added to the diet.Practical Applications: Currently, the main dietary source of C20 and C22 PUFAs is marine fish, however, of which the stocks are declining because of environmental pollution and overfishing. Because of its excellent capability to accumulate C20 and C22 PUFAs, silkworm could be developed as a potential new source of these long‐chain FAs by transferring ?5 and ?6 desaturases to silkworm or its primary food, mulberry.The silkworm (Bombyx mori) can accumulate C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) from diet supplemented with these PUFAs (B). The accumulation efficiency of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in silkworm is particularly outstanding. This capacity may make silkworm a potential new source of C20 and C22 PUFAs.
Heterogeneous water storage and thermal regime of supraglacial ponds on debris‐covered glaciers
Authors: Watson Cameron Scott , Quincey Duncan J. , Carrivick Jonathan L. , Smith Mark W. , Rowan Ann V. , Richardson Robert 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe water storage and energy transfer roles of supraglacial ponds are poorly constrained, yet they are thought to be important components of debris‐covered glacier ablation budgets. We used an unmanned surface vessel (USV) to collect sonar depth measurements for 24 ponds to derive the first empirical relationship between their area and volume applicable to the size distribution of ponds commonly encountered on debris‐covered glaciers. Additionally, we instrumented nine ponds with thermistors and three with pressure transducers, characterizing their thermal regime and capturing three pond drainage events. The deepest and most irregularly‐shaped ponds were those associated with ice cliffs, which were connected to the surface or englacial hydrology network (maximum depth = 45.6 m), whereas hydrologically‐isolated ponds without ice cliffs were both more circular and shallower (maximum depth = 9.9 m). The englacial drainage of three ponds had the potential to melt ~100 ± 20 × 103 kg to ~470 ± 90 × 103 kg of glacier ice owing to the large volumes of stored water. Our observations of seasonal pond growth and drainage with their associated calculations of stored thermal energy have implications for glacier ice flow, the progressive enlargement and sudden collapse of englacial conduits, and the location of glacier ablation hot‐spots where ponds and ice cliffs interact. Additionally, the evolutionary trajectory of these ponds controls large proglacial lake formation in deglaciating environments. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A functional U‐statistic method for association analysis of sequencing data
Authors: Jadhav Sneha , Tong Xiaoran , Lu Qing 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAlthough sequencing studies hold great promise for uncovering novel variants predisposing to human diseases, the high dimensionality of the sequencing data brings tremendous challenges to data analysis. Moreover, for many complex diseases (e.g., psychiatric disorders) multiple related phenotypes are collected. These phenotypes can be different measurements of an underlying disease, or measurements characterizing multiple related diseases for studying common genetic mechanism. Although jointly analyzing these phenotypes could potentially increase the power of identifying disease‐associated genes, the different types of phenotypes pose challenges for association analysis. To address these challenges, we propose a nonparametric method, functional U‐statistic method (FU), for multivariate analysis of sequencing data. It first constructs smooth functions from individuals’ sequencing data, and then tests the association of these functions with multiple phenotypes by using a U‐statistic. The method provides a general framework for analyzing various types of phenotypes (e.g., binary and continuous phenotypes) with unknown distributions. Fitting the genetic variants within a gene using a smoothing function also allows us to capture complexities of gene structure (e.g., linkage disequilibrium, LD), which could potentially increase the power of association analysis. Through simulations, we compared our method to the multivariate outcome score test (MOST), and found that our test attained better performance than MOST. In a real data application, we apply our method to the sequencing data from Minnesota Twin Study (MTS) and found potential associations of several nicotine receptor subunit (CHRN) genes, including CHRNB3, associated with nicotine dependence and/or alcohol dependence.
ADAMTS‐4 in oligodendrocytes contributes to myelination with an impact on motor function
Authors: Pruvost Mathilde , Lépine Matthieu , Leonetti Camille , Etard Olivier , Naveau Mikaël , Agin Véronique , Docagne Fabian , Maubert Eric , Ali Carine , Emery Evelyne , Vivien Denis 
Published: August 2017

AbstractMyelination is a late developmental process regulated by a set of inhibitory and stimulatory factors, including extracellular matrix components. Accordingly, chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) act as negative regulators of myelination processes. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs type 4 (ADAMTS‐4) is an extracellular protease capable of degrading CSPGs. Although exogenous ADAMTS‐4 has been proven to be beneficial in several models of central nervous system (CNS) injuries, the physiological functions of endogenous ADAMTS‐4 remain poorly understood. We first used Adamts4/LacZ reporter mice to reveal that ADAMTS‐4 is strongly expressed in the CNS, especially in the white matter, with a cellular profile restricted to mature oligodendrocytes. Interestingly, we evidenced an abnormal myelination in Adamts4−/− mice, characterized by a higher diameter of myelinated axons with a shifting g‐ratio. Accordingly, lack of ADAMTS‐4 is accompanied by motor deficits and disturbed nervous electrical activity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that ADAMTS‐4 is a new marker of mature oligodendrocytes contributing to the myelination processes and thus to the control of motor capacities.
Complement 3a receptor in dorsal horn microglia mediates pronociceptive neuropeptide signaling
Authors: Doolen Suzanne , Cook Jennifer , Riedl Maureen , Kitto Kelley , Kohsaka Shinichi , Honda Christopher N. , Fairbanks Carolyn A. , Taylor Bradley K. , Vulchanova Lucy 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe complement 3a receptor (C3aR1) participates in microglial signaling under pathological conditions and was recently shown to be activated by the neuropeptide TLQP‐21. We previously demonstrated that TLQP‐21 elicits hyperalgesia and contributes to nerve injury‐induced hypersensitivity through an unknown mechanism in the spinal cord. Here we determined that this mechanism requires C3aR1 and that microglia are the cellular target for TLQP‐21. We propose a novel neuroimmune signaling pathway involving TLQP‐21‐induced activation of microglial C3aR1 that then contributes to spinal neuroplasticity and neuropathic pain. This unique dual‐ligand activation of C3aR1 by a neuropeptide (TLQP‐21) and an immune mediator (C3a) represents a potential broad‐spectrum mechanism throughout the CNS for integration of neuroimmune crosstalk at the molecular level.
Mental health and retirement savings: Confounding issues with compounding interest
Authors: Bogan Vicki L. , Fertig Angela R. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryThe questionable ability of the U.S. pension system to provide for the growing elderly population combined with the rising number of people affected by depression and other mental health issues magnifies the need to understand how these household characteristics affect retirement. Mental health problems have a large and significant negative effect on retirement savings. Specifically, psychological distress is associated with decreasing the probability of holding retirement accounts by as much as 24 percentage points and decreasing retirement savings as a share of financial assets by as much as 67 percentage points. The magnitude of these effects underscores the importance of employer management policy and government regulation of these accounts to help ensure households have adequate retirement savings.
Ultrasonographic observations of the fetal brain in the first 100 pregnant women with Zika virus infection in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Sohan Karen , Cyrus Cathy A. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the fetal brain in pregnant women infected with Zika virus in a limited‐resource setting.MethodsIn an observational study in Trinidad and Tobago, 100 pregnant women infected with Zika virus who were referred for fetal medicine services provided by a single clinician were enrolled from March 31 to September 2, 2016. Two‐dimensional ultrasonography was undertaken.ResultsThe women were aged 17–41 years (mean 27.5 ± 5.7). Six cases of fetal brain abnormalities consistent with Zika infection were detected before 26 gestational weeks. The gestational period at infection and time of presentation ranged, respectively, from 7+3 to 16+0 weeks and from 23+2 to 25+5 weeks. In all cases, centiles of the biparietal diameter and head circumference decreased progressively over time to below the third centile. The skull contour appeared irregular, owing to collapse or overlap of the fetal skull bones. In four cases, brain anomalies were not obvious on the transabdominal scan but were diagnosed on the transvaginal scan. In a further two cases, brain abnormalities presented after 26 weeks of gestation.ConclusionOverall, 8.0% of women infected with Zika virus had fetuses with brain abnormalities suggestive of Zika congenital syndrome. Six cases were detected before 26 weeks and two cases after 26 weeks.