bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Calcium–inulin wheat bread: prebiotic effect and bone mineralisation in growing rats
Authors: Salinas María V. , Hamet María Fernanda , Binaghi Julieta , Abraham Analia G. , Weisstaub Adriana , Zuleta Angela , Ronayne de Ferrer Patricia , Puppo María C. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryThe nutritional performance of wheat bread prepared with calcium carbonate and inulin was studied in growing rats fed with three diets (BD: diet containing bread with calcium and inulin, SD: diet with synergy1® and CD: diet control‐AIN 93G‐) up to 60 days. Animals fed with BD consumed less diet and presented a caecal pH (5.5) lower than that of the CD group (7.0) with the highest amount of anaerobic micro‐organisms (1.68 × 1010 cfu g−1) at 23 days. Microbiota profiles (DGGE) indicated that BD groups presented 66% of similarity and greater variability than the CD group, suggesting changes due to the prebiotic effect of inulin. In the BD group, calcium apparent absorption (AACa: 83%), bone mineral content (18 g kg−1), proximal tibia density (242 mg cm−2) and bone volume (BV: 41%) were higher than in the CD group. The decrease in pH due to fermentation in the large intestine increased calcium bioavailability. Although all variables studied on animals fed with diets containing the prebiotic were improved with respect to a control without inulin, in the case of bread diet, many of them were similar to those of the positive control. Consequently, the prebiotic effect was not altered during the baking process. Results suggest that wheat bread, a highly consumed product throughout the world, is an adequate vehicle for including calcium and inulin in healthy food.
Access to specialist palliative care services by people with severe and persistent mental illness: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Butler Helen , O'Brien Anthony John 
Published: July 2017

AbstractCompared to the general population, people with pre‐existing serious and persistent mental illness (SPMI) have higher rates of physical illness and die at an earlier age, raising questions about their palliative and end‐of‐life care needs when they are diagnosed with an incurable physical illness. In the present study, we explored access to specialist palliative care services within one New Zealand health district. Routinely‐collected, de‐identified patient information on a cohort of people diagnosed with SPMI, and receiving specialist palliative care services from the Capital and Coast District Health Board (CCDHB), was compared to the general population from the same health district. People with SPMI are 3.5 times less likely to receive specialist palliative services compared to the general population from the Capital and Coast District Health Board. The proportion of people identifying as Māori is 1.2 times higher in the SPMI cohort than the general CCDHB population. The SPMI cohort experiences a higher level of deprivation compared to the general population in the CCDHB. The present study confirms that those diagnosed with an SPMI are less likely to use specialist palliative care services at the end of life. Research using a national dataset is needed to determine whether the study findings are applicable to the national population.
Depression as a Risk Factor of Organic Diseases: An International Integrative Review
Authors: Bica Teodora , Castelló Ruth , Toussaint Loren L. , Montesó‐Curto Pilar 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPurpose and DesignThis integrative review offers a systematic synthesis of the international literature regarding the role of depression as a risk factor in physical illnesses and the mechanisms of this connection. Special attention is paid to those modifiable factors.FindingsPublished studies of depression and physical illness and disease(N = 24) from five countries that were indexed in PubMed, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), APA PsycNET, Scopus, Dialnet, and CUIDEN were examined. Results suggest that depression is a significant risk factor for the development of physical illnesses and diseases. More commonly studied were the connections between depression and cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome, biochemical alterations, diabetes, dementia, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer's disease, somatization and chronic pain, asthma, arthritis, and hyperlipidemia. Less frequently studied conditions connected to depression were cancer, infections, allergies, autoimmune disease, gastric ulcer, rhinitis, thyroiditis, bronchitis, migraines, fractures, and osteoporosis.ConclusionsMechanisms connecting depression to physical illness appear to involve alterations in the hypothalamic‐pituitary axis, unhealthy lifestyle, chronic or acute stressors including posttraumatic stress, an increase in C‐reactive protein (CRP) in men, taking antidepressant medication, and social and emotional loneliness.Clinical RelevanceA good patient–provider relationship can help to promote decreased acute or chronic stressors, increased family and social support, decreased loneliness, modification of unhealthy lifestyles such as smoking, obesity, physical inactivity, alcohol, control of CRP, and antidepressant medication. Nurses are well placed to help prevent physical diseases through detection and referral of patients who are depressed or undiagnosed and not receiving adequate mental health treatment.
The Impact of Multiple Strategies to Encourage Fruit and Vegetable Consumption During School Lunch
Authors: Thompson Emily , Johnson David C. , Leite‐Bennett Amy , Ding Yingmei , Mehrotra Komal 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDHennepin County partnered with schools to implement lunchroom strategies to encourage fruit and vegetable consumption. An in‐depth evaluation measured changes in consumption following implementation of encouragement strategies including slicing apples and attractive labels.METHODSA pre‐post prospective evaluation measured changes in average fruit and vegetable consumption at 2 elementary schools. The plate waste method was used to weigh individual waste. To measure consumption, 373 students were matched pre/post. Additional measures included change in fruit and vegetable selection, change in whole servings consumed and apple consumption.RESULTSAverage fruit consumption increased by 3.0 g (p = .09), average vegetable consumption increased by 1.1 g (p = .27), neither significantly. The number of students selecting fruit significantly increased (p = .02), while the number taking vegetables increased, but not significantly (p = .28). The number of students consuming an entire serving of fruit (p = .15) or vegetables (p = .45) both increased but not significantly. Apple consumption more than doubled at one school.CONCLUSIONSImplementing lunchroom changes can increase the number of students selecting fruit, and changes including slicing can increase consumption of apples. Additional strategies are needed to increase vegetable selection and fruit and vegetable consumption.
Prospective evaluation of the Whitt Neonatal Trigger Score in an ‘at‐risk’ neonatal population
Authors: Robinson Anna , Winckworth Lucinda C , Eleftheriou Georgios , Hewitson Rebecca , Holme Harriet 
Published: July 2017

AimThe aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the Whitt Neonatal Trigger Score (W‐NTS), determining optimum threshold scores for consideration of medical intervention and intensive care unit admission.MethodsAll neonates on the postnatal ward (PNW) with a set of pre‐defined risk factors were scored on the W‐NTS. Neonates were divided into three groups: ‘unwell’ admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU); ‘well’, who remained on the PNW receiving standard care; and ‘intervention’, who received antibiotics but did not require admission to NICU.ResultsA total of 3315 scores from 455 neonates were collected. The W‐NTS area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC ROC) was 0.968, with a score of 2 or more predicting NICU admission, with 82.5% sensitivity and 95.0% specificity. Adopting a cut‐off score of 2 for admission would significantly improve speed to admission (11.6 vs. 6.9 h, P 0.037). A score of 0 was strongly predictive of being well enough to remain on the PNW without intervention (odds ratio 565.6, P < 0.001), and a score of 1 or more predicted the need for intravenous antibiotics with 100.0% sensitivity and 86.1% specificity (AUC ROC 0.977).ConclusionThe W‐NTS observation chart, previously shown to outperform existing early warning scores, acts well as an adjunct to clinical assessment on the PNW, with its simplicity allowing for the successful and safe use by non‐paediatric specialists. We recommend that neonates scoring 1 should be reviewed, with a septic screen and commencement of antibiotic therapy considered, while those scoring 2 or more should be strongly considered for NICU admission for further management.
Cellular and extracellular vesicular origins of miRNAs within the bovine ovarian follicle
Authors: Andrade GM , Meirelles FV , Perecin F , da Silveira JC 
Published: July 2017

ContentsThe ovarian follicle components must provide an ideal environment to ensure the success of reproductive processes, and communication between follicular cells is crucial to support proper oocyte growth. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying microRNAs (miRNAs) in follicular fluid represents an important autocrine and paracrine communication mechanism inside the ovarian follicle. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the miRNA content of EVs isolated from ovarian follicular (granulosa and cumulus–oocyte complexes) cell‐conditioned culture media is dependent upon cell type. We initially screened bovine granulosa cells (GCs) and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs), as well as their derived EVs for 348 miRNAs using real‐time PCR, and detected 326 miRNAs in GCs and COCs cells and 62 miRNAs in GCs and COCs EVs. A bioinformatics analysis of the identified cell‐specific and differentially expressed miRNAs predicted that they likely modulate important cellular processes, including signalling pathways such as the PI3K‐Akt, MAPK and Wnt pathways. By investigating the origins of miRNAs within the follicular fluid, the results of this study provide novel insights into follicular miRNA content and intercellular communication that may be of invaluable use in the context of reproductive technologies, diagnostic of ovarian‐related diseases and/or the identification of biomarkers for oocyte and embryo quality.
Definitions of intradialytic hypotension
Authors: Assimon Magdalene M. , Flythe Jennifer E. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntradialytic hypotension (IDH) is a common and often distressful complication of hemodialysis. However, despite its clinical significance, there is no consensus, evidence‐based medical definition for the condition. Over the years, numerous definitions have been implemented in both the clinical and research settings. Definition inconsistencies have hindered data synthesis and the development of evidence‐based guidelines for the prevention and treatment of IDH, as well as prevented accurate estimation of the population burden of IDH and patient risk assessment. Most existing IDH definitions are comprised of one or more of the following components: (1) intradialytic BP criteria (requisite BP declines or minimum BP thresholds), (2) the provision of interventions aimed at restoring effective arterial volume, and/or (3) patient‐reported symptoms. Remarkably, there are insufficient data to inform IDH definition construction, and it remains unknown if a single, universal definition can adequately capture the condition across patient subgroups, and in clinical and research settings.
High efficiency fluorescent white OLEDs based on DOPPP
Authors: Zhang Gang , Chen Chen , Lang Jihui , Zhao Lina , Jiang Wenlong 
Published: July 2017

The white organic light-emitting devices (WOLED) with the structures of ITO/m-MTDATA (10 nm)/NPB (30 nm)/Rubrene (0.2 nm)/DOPPP (x nm)/TAz (10 nm)/Alq3 (30 nm)/LiF (0.5 nm)/Al and ITO/NPB (30 nm)/DPAVBi:Rubrene (2 wt.%, 20 nm)/ DOPPP (x nm)/TAZ (10 nm)/Alq3 (30 nm)/LiF (0.5 nm)/Al (100 nm) have been fabricated by the vacuum thermal evaporation method. The results show that the chroma of the non-doped device is the best and the color coordinates are in the range of white light. The maximum luminance is 12,750 cd/m2 and the maximum current efficiency is 8.55 cd/A. The doped device A has the maximum luminance (16,570 cd/m2), when the thickness of blue layer DOPPP is 25 nm, and the doped device B achieves the highest efficiency (10.47 cd/A), when the thickness of DOPPP is 15 nm. All the performances of the doped devices are better than the non-doped one. The results demonstrate that the doped structures can realize the energy transfer and then improve the performance of the device effectively.
The Physics of Orographic Elevated Heating in Radiative–Convective Equilibrium
Authors: Hu Shineng , Boos William R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractElevated heating of the atmosphere by large plateaus has been argued to influence regional climate in Asia and other regions, but the mechanisms that cause the troposphere to equilibrate at warmer temperatures over elevated terrain are not well understood. This paper quantitatively describes the physics that controls temperatures over elevated terrain in radiative–convective equilibrium (RCE). First, a cloud-system-resolving model (CSRM) is used to simulate RCE states over surfaces with various elevations. Then, a theory for the influence of surface elevation on temperatures in RCE is presented. Together with offline radiative transfer calculations, this theory is used to quantitatively attribute the magnitude of the elevated heating effect to top-of-atmosphere radiative flux changes caused by decreases in longwave absorption, shortwave scattering, and the moist lapse rate that occur as surface pressure drops. Sensitivity functions obtained through these offline calculations suggest that elevated heating is weaker in warmer climates, and additional CSRM simulations support this hypothesis. Under certain circumstances, even the sign of the elevated heating effect can change to produce cooler temperatures at a given pressure level as the surface is lifted in RCE.
Tilting of Horizontal Shear Vorticity and the Development of Updraft Rotation in Supercell Thunderstorms
Authors: Dahl Johannes M. L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe question of how rotation arises in sheared updrafts is analyzed using the shear and curvature vorticity framework. Local rotation exists where the shear and curvature vorticity have a similar magnitude and the same sign, such that parcels are in near-solid-body rotation. It is shown that the tilting terms of the vertical vorticity equation cannot explain the development of local rotation in the canonical cases where the horizontal vorticity is either purely streamwise or purely crosswise. Rather, vertical shear vorticity develops if crosswise vorticity is tilted, and vertical curvature vorticity develops if streamwise vorticity is tilted. To analyze how local rotation develops, two simulations of updrafts in an environment with crosswise and mostly streamwise vorticity, respectively, are discussed. A trajectory analysis is performed and shear and curvature vorticity budgets are analyzed. It is found that much of the horizontal vorticity near the updraft becomes streamwise, which results from pressure gradient accelerations in the vicinity of the updraft. Consequently, in the analyzed scenarios, the tilting mechanism results primarily in vertical curvature vorticity. Local rotation is achieved via an interchange process that facilitates a partial conversion of vertical curvature vorticity to vertical shear vorticity. Updraft rotation in supercells thus does not result from tilting of horizontal vorticity alone, but partial conversion of curvature to shear vorticity is also required.
A Cold Event in Asia during January–February 2012 and Its Possible Association with Arctic Sea Ice Loss
Authors: Wu Bingyi , Yang Kun , Francis Jennifer A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
Through both observational analyses and simulation experiments, this study investigates the intraseasonal evolution of atmospheric circulation anomalies associated with a persistent cold event in the Asian continent during late January–early February 2012, and the possible association with Arctic sea ice loss and Arctic atmospheric circulation during the preceding summer. The results suggest that the northeastern Pacific–Aleutian region and central Eurasia are two critical areas where the atmospheric circulation evolution contributed to the development of this cold event. A persistent increase in sea level pressure (SLP) over the Aleutian region was a predominant feature prior to the cold event, and then decreasing SLP over this region was concurrent with both occurrence of a polar blocking high aloft and rapid strengthening of the Siberian high, triggering outbreaks of Arctic air over the Asian continent. Consequently, the influence of the Aleutian region on this cold event (i.e., the downstream effect of the atmospheric circulation) played a critical role. Simulation experiments demonstrate that Arctic atmospheric circulation conditions in the summer of 2011 significantly enhanced a negative feedback of Arctic sea ice loss on atmospheric circulation over the Aleutian region and central Eurasia during the ensuing wintertime, which could have led to the favorable atmospheric circulation that facilitated the occurrence of cold events resembling the one in 2012. This study also implies that the Aleutian low and disturbances in the midlatitudes over the northeastern Pacific may provide precursors that could increase skill in predicting the intraseasonal evolution of extreme cold events over Eurasia.
Motivation as a Predictor of College Success
Authors: Di Vesta Francis J. , Woodruff Asahel D. , Hertel John P. 
Published: July 2017

The present Orientation Inventory and the results obtained from its use are still inadequate when compared to its potentialities. At present its usefulness is primarily limited to indicating areas which are important for prediction and secondarily for use in prediction formulas. The findings indicate that an extension in the length of the test with items centered about the areas of motivation, adjustment and study habits, in that order of importance, should produce an instrument highly useful in the prediction of scholastic success. Certain observations are important for the development of such an instrument. Not only should the items be relatively objective in the sense that the individual can easily estimate the actual time factors asked for, but the items should be indicative of the area being measured and still should be somewhat disguised as to their real pupose. The ultimate aim in constructing such tests is to discover items which may be used before the individual enters college. Certain items in the present Orientation Inventory may be inadequate because the responses established for the individual taking the test are too broad. For example, one item (item 8) provides categories of a 9-point range. This item might be more discriminating if put on a 3- or 6-point range. The specific items used successfully in this study represent broad areas of psychological importance. They have proved to be reasonably successful in a College of Agriculture where the required portion of the program is not always what the individual expected it to be. The students were selected so as to eliminate this factor insofar as possible by including only the men enrolled in the college. The success of the items in the Orientation Inventory, therefore, may or may not be unique to one college. However, they do provide indications of areas in which further study may profitably be made and in which considerable research is necessary. Studies such as that of May (2) showing the relationship of study hours per week to academic success have been, for some reason, neglected as leads for prediction studies. Although more restricted in scope than the present study they, too, have indicated the importance of motivational influences even though not ostensibly so.
A Micromechanics Model for Predicting the Tensile Strength of Unidirectional Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Subramanian S. 
Published: July 2017

In this paper, a micromechanics model has been developed to predict the tensile strength of unidirectional metal matrix composites (MMC). A simplified shear lag analysis is used to estimate the local stresses in the various constituents (fiber/matrix/interface). In this work, the matrix is assumed to carry both normal and shear stresses. Global matrix plasticity is considered by assuming that the matrix behaves in an elastic-perfectly plastic manner. Local interfacial debonding is assumed to occur when the average interfacial shear stress exceeds the interfacial shear strength value. The shear lag analysis including the effects of interfacial debonding and global matrix plasticity is used to estimate the stress concentration in fibers adjacent to broken fibers and the ineffective length. The tensile strength is estimated by considering the accumulation of fiber fractures. The effects of residual thermal stresses and statistical distribution of strength of the fibers are also included in this analysis. Parametric studies were conducted to investigate the influence of various parameters such as fiber volume fraction, temperature, interfacial shear strength, matrix properties and fiber strength, on the unidirectional tensile strength of MMC. The model was also used to predict the effects of volume fraction and temperature, on the strength of SCS6/Ti 24-11 composites. The predicted values compared well with the experimental results.
Intermediate myasthenia syndrome following acute organophosphates poisoning-an analysis of 21 cases
Authors: He Fengsheng , Xu Haibing , Qin Fukuang , Xu Li , Huang Jinxiang , He Xiwen 
Published: July 2017

1 Twenty-one cases out of 272 patients of acute organophosphates poisoning were diagnosed as intermediate syndrome (IMS) with a prevalence at 7.7%. The responsible OP insecticides included parathion, omethoate and some OP containing pesticide mixtures. IMS occurred mainly in severe OP poisoning patients who recovered from the acute cholinergic crisis at 7-75 h after the onset of acute poisoning. 2 Muscular weakness appeared in the following three categories of muscles: (1) neck flexors and proximal limb muscles; (2) muscles innervated by motor cranial nerves and/or (3) respiratory muscles. Blood acetylcholinesterase activity was persistently inhibited. Electroneuromyography (ENMG) with repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) at frequencies of 20 Hz or 30 Hz in seven patients showed decrements of common muscle action potentials during the presence of myasthenia in five patients and became normal when their muscle strength recovered. 3 Mild IMS recovered within 2-7 days and had a favorable prognosis. Severe IMS patients with respiratory paralysis needed immediate endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Recovery of weakness of the respiratory muscles and proximal limb muscles took longer, the slowest being 30 days. Four of the patients died of respiratory paralysis and the fatality rate was 19%. 4 The mechanism of IMS remains to be further investigated. The RNS/ENMG changes indicate a post-synaptic block at the neuromuscular junctions. 5 In order to promote the recognition of this syndrome, we proposed to name the syndrome as Intermediate Myasthenia Syndrome (IMS).