bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validating a robust double‐quantum‐filtered 1H MRS lactate measurement method in high‐grade brain tumours
Authors: Payne G.S. , Harris L.M. , Cairns G.S. , Messiou C. , deSouza N.M. , Macdonald A. , Saran F. , Leach M.O. 
Published: August 2016

1H MRS measurements of lactate are often confounded by overlapping lipid signals. Double‐quantum (DQ) filtering eliminates lipid signals and permits single‐shot measurements, which avoid subtraction artefacts in moving tissues. This study evaluated a single‐voxel‐localized DQ filtering method qualitatively and quantitatively for measuring lactate concentrations in the presence of lipid, using high‐grade brain tumours in which the results could be compared with standard acquisition as a reference.Paired standard acquisition and DQ‐filtered 1H MR spectra were acquired at 3T from patients receiving treatment for glioblastoma, using fLASER (localization by adiabatic selective refocusing using frequency offset corrected inversion pulses) single‐voxel localization. Data were acquired from 2 × 2 × 2 cm3 voxels, with a repetition time of 1 s and 128 averages (standard acquisition) or 256 averages (DQ‐filtered acquisition), requiring 2.15 and 4.3 min respectively.Of 37 evaluated data pairs, 20 cases (54%) had measureable lactate (fitted Cramér–Rao lower bounds ≤ 20%) in either the DQ‐filtered or the standard acquisition spectra. The measured DQ‐filtered lactate signal was consistently downfield of lipid (1.33 ± 0.03 ppm vs 1.22 ± 0.08 ppm; p = 0.002), showing that it was not caused by lipid breakthrough, and that it matched the lactate signal seen in standard measurements (1.36 ± 0.02 ppm). In the absence of lipid, similar lactate concentrations were measured by the two methods (mean ratio DQ filtered/standard acquisition = 1.10 ± 0.21). In 7/20 cases with measurable lactate, signal was not measureable in the standard acquisition owing to lipid overlap but was quantified in the DQ‐filtered acquisition. Conversely, lactate was undetected in seven DQ‐filtered acquisitions but visible using the standard acquisition.In conclusion, the DQ filtering method has proven robust in eliminating lipid and permits uncontaminated measurement of lactate. This is important validation prior to use in tissues outside the brain, which contain large amounts of lipid and which are often susceptible to motion.
miR‐155 expression and correlation with clinical outcome in pediatric AML: A report from Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Ramamurthy Ranjani , Hughes Maya , Morris Valerie , Bolouri Hamid , Gerbing Robert B. , Wang Yi‐Cheng , Loken Michael R. , Raimondi Susana C. , Hirsch Betsy A. , Gamis Alan S. , Oehler Vivian G. , Alonzo Todd A. , Meshinchi Soheil 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundAberrant expression of microRNA‐155 (miR‐155) has been implicated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and associated with clinical outcome.ProcedureWe evaluated miR‐155 expression in 198 children with normal karyotype AML (NK‐AML) enrolled in Children's Oncology Group (COG) AML trial AAML0531 and correlated miR‐155 expression levels with disease characteristics and clinical outcome. Patients were divided into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on miR‐155 expression level, and disease characteristics were then evaluated and correlated with miR‐155 expression.ResultsMiR‐155 expression varied over 4‐log10‐fold range relative to its expression in normal marrow with a median expression level of 0.825 (range 0.043–25.630) for the entire study cohort. Increasing miR‐155 expression was highly associated with the presence of FLT3/ITD mutations (P < 0.001) and high‐risk disease (P < 0.001) and inversely associated with standard‐risk (P = 0.008) and low‐risk disease (P = 0.041). Patients with highest miR‐155 expression had a complete remission (CR) rate of 46% compared with 82% in low expressers (P < 0.001) with a correspondingly lower event‐free (EFS) and overall survival (OS) (P < 0.001 and P = 0.002, respectively). In a multivariate model that included molecular risk factors, high miR‐155 expression remained a significant independent predictor of OS (P = 0.022) and EFS (0.019).ConclusionsHigh miR‐155 expression is an adverse prognostic factor in pediatric NK‐AML patients. Specifically, high miR‐155 expression not only correlates with FLT3/ITD mutation status and high‐risk disease but it is also an independent predictor of worse EFS and OS.
A pilot study of parent education intervention improves early childhood development among toddlers with sickle cell disease
Authors: Fields Melanie E. , Hoyt‐Drazen Catherine , Abel Regina , Rodeghier Mark J. , Yarboi Janet M. , Compas Bruce E. , King Allison A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBackgroundYoung children with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at risk for cognitive delay. In addition to biologic risk factors associated with SCD, environmental factors contribute to cognitive dysfunction within this cohort.MethodsWe completed a single‐arm, prospective cohort study. Children with SCD between the ages of 3 and 36 months and their caregivers were followed between October 2010 and December 2013. The aim was to describe the role of a home visitation model, the home environment, and socioeconomic status in the development of young children with SCD. Primary outcome measures were the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Third Edition (BSID‐III) and the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME). We hypothesized that the home visitation model, Parents as Teachers® (PAT), would encourage positive parent–child interactions and improve cognitive outcomes.ResultsThirty‐five participants had at least two PAT visits and BSID‐III assessments. Mean scores within all five subtests of the BSID‐III improved between enrollment and exit, with significant changes within cognitive (P = 0.016) and expressive language (EL) domains (P = 0.002). Multivariate modeling found the HOME score associated with the exit results of the cognitive domain.ConclusionWe report longitudinal results of the first home visitation program within the early childhood SCD population and show significant improvement in cognitive and EL development. Additionally, home environment was a significant predictor of cognitive development. Randomized controlled trials to test the impact of interventions targeting the home environment are warranted for this vulnerable population.
Superconductivity and fluctuations in Ba1–pKpFe2As2 and Ba(Fe1–nCon)2As2
Authors: Böhm T. , Hosseinian Ahangharnejhad R. , Jost D. , Baum A. , Muschler B. , Kretzschmar F. , Adelmann P. , Wolf T. , Wen H.‐H. , Chu J.‐H. , Fisher I. R. , Hackl R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe study the interplay of fluctuations and superconductivity in BaFe2As2 (Ba‐122) compounds with Ba and Fe substituted by K (p doping) and Co (n doping), respectively. To this end, we measured electronic Raman spectra as a function of polarization and temperature. We observe gap excitations and fluctuations for all doping levels studied. The response from fluctuations is much stronger for Co substitution and, according to the selection rules and the temperature dependence, originates from the exchange of two critical spin fluctuations with characteristic wave vectors and . At 22% K doping (), we find the same selection rules and spectral shape for the fluctuations but the intensity is smaller by a factor of 5. Since there exists no nematic region above the orthorhombic spin‐density‐wave (SDW) phase, the identification of the fluctuations via the temperature dependence is not possible. The gap excitations in the superconducting state indicate strongly anisotropic near‐nodal gaps for Co substitution which make the observation of collective modes difficult. The variation with doping of the spectral weights of the and gap features does not support the influence of fluctuations on Cooper pairing. Therefore, the observation of Bardasis–Schrieffer modes inside the nearly clean gaps on the K‐doped side remains the only experimental evidence for the relevance of fluctuations for pairing.
Cyclization of N‐arylcyclopropanecarboxamides into N‐arylpyrrolidin‐2‐ones under electron ionization and in the condensed phase
Authors: Lebedev A. T. , Mazur D. M. , Kudelin A. I. , Fedotov A. N. , Gloriozov I. P. , Ustynyuk Yu. A. , Artaev V. B. 
Published: August 2016

RationaleMass spectrometry is known as an excellent method to predict the behavior of organic compounds in solution. The behavior of organic compounds in the gas phase inside the ion source of a mass spectrometer allows their intrinsic properties to be defined, avoiding the influence of intermolecular interactions, counter ions and solvent effects.MethodsArylpyrrolidin‐2‐ones were obtained by condensed‐phase synthesis from the corresponding N‐arylcyclopropanecarboxamides. Electron ionization (EI) with accurate mass measurements by high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass‐spectrometry and quantum chemical calculations were used to understand the behavior of the molecular radical cations of N‐arylcyclopropanecarboxamides and N‐arylpyrrolidin‐2‐ones in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. The geometries of the molecules, transition states, and intermediates were fully optimized using DFT‐PBE calculations.ResultsFragmentation schemes, ion structures, and possible mechanisms of primary isomerisation were proposed for isomeric N‐arylcyclopropanecarboxamides and N‐arylpyrrolidin‐2‐ones. Based on the fragmentation pattern of the N‐arylcyclopropanecarboxamides, isomerisation of the original M+• ions into the M+• ions of the N‐arylpyrrolidin‐2‐ones was shown to be only a minor process. In contrast, this cyclization proceeds easily in the condensed phase in the presence of Brønsted acids.ConclusionsBased on the experimental data and quantum chemical calculations the principal mechanism of decomposition of the molecular ions of N‐arylcyclopropanecarboxamides involves their direct fragmentation without any rearrangements. An alternative mechanism is responsible for the isomerisation of a small portion of the higher energy molecular ions into the corresponding N‐arylpyrrolidin‐2‐one ions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potential application of glycerol in the production of plant beneficial microorganisms
Authors: Vassilev Nikolay , Malusa Eligio , Requena Antonia Reyes , Martos Vanessa , López Ana , Maksimovic Ivana , Vassileva Maria 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This review highlights the importance of research for development of biofertilizer and biocontrol products based on the use of glycerol for further process scale-up to industrial microbiology. Glycerol can be used successfully in all stages of production of plant beneficial microorganisms. It serves as an excellent substrate in both submerged and solid-state fermentation processes with free and immobilized microbial cells. Glycerol is also one of the most attractive formulation agents that ensures high cell density and viability including in harsh environmental conditions. Future research is discussed to make this inexpensive material a base for industrial production of plant beneficial microorganisms.
Danshensu Promotes Cholesterol Efflux in RAW264.7 Macrophages
Authors: Gao Hui , Li Lingyan , Li Lan , Gong Bo , Dong Pengzhi , Fordjour Patrick Asare , Zhu Yan , Fan Guanwei 
Published: August 2016

AbstractContemporary research suggests that macrophage foam cell and cholesterol efflux defect play pivotal role in atherogenesis. We reported on the heretofore unknown therapeutic effect of Danshensu (DSS) in reducing intracellular cholesterol level and unraveled the mechanism of DSS promotes cholesterol efflux. Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein stimulation of Raw264.7 cells into foam cells, which were treated with DSS and co‐treated with Simvastatin and Rosiglitazone. PPARγ, ABCA1, ABCG1, SR‐BI, CD36, and LXR‐α mRNA were quantified by Real‐Time PCR. Western blotting was used to determine protein expression of PPARγ, ABCA1 and CD36. Cellular cholesterol handling was studied by measurement of intracellular lipid droplets concentration and cholesterol efflux. DSS significantly reduced scavenger receptor CD36 and its orthologue SR‐BI. In addition, DSS stimulated the upregulation of cellular cholesterol exporters ABCA1 and ABCG1 to reduce intracellular lipid accumulation. DSS can reduce lipid deposition in Raw264.7 foam cells by balancing CD36 and ABCA1 protein expression.
The Level II aggregated forest soil condition database links soil physicochemical and hydraulic properties with long-term observations of forest condition in Europe
Authors: Fleck Stefan , Cools Nathalie , De Vos Bruno , Meesenburg Henning , Fischer Richard 
Published: August 2016

Abstract

Key message

Aggregated, consolidated, and derived soil physicochemical data of 286 ICP Forests Level II plots were completed with soil hydraulic properties for integrated use with forest monitoring data. Database access should be requested at
http://icp-forests.net
. Metadata associated available at
https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/apps/georchestra/?uuid=153e599e-6624-4e2b-b862-8124386ea9cd&hl=eng

Context

The ICP Forests database is one of the most comprehensive forest ecosystem datasets in Europe and contains the accumulated results of more than two decades of harmonised forest monitoring all over Europe.

Aims

The aim of this paper is to share knowledge on the ICP Forests Level II soil data for broader use among forest scientists.

Methods

After standard analysis, quality checks, aggregation, and calculation of derived variables (e.g. nutrient stocks, base saturation, C:N ratio, and water retention parameters), data have been gathered into a static database (AFSCDB.LII.2.2), which will be updated to new versions as soon as new measurements become available.

Results

The database provides a basis for the combined evaluation of up to 130 unique soil variables of 286 plots with dynamic data on tree growth, ground vegetation, foliar chemistry, crown condition, tree phenology, leaf area index, ozone injury, litterfall, soil solution chemistry, deposition, ambient air quality, and meteorological data assessed on the same plots.

Conclusion

The unprecedented comprehensiveness and level of detail in this newly aggregated database may overcome existing restrictions so far impeding the realisation of large-scale forest ecosystem studies in Europe.
Mixed brain lesions mediate the association between cardiovascular risk burden and cognitive decline in old age: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Rui , Fratiglioni Laura , Kalpouzos Grégoria , Lövdén Martin , Laukka Erika J. , Bronge Lena , Wahlund Lars-Olof , Bäckman Lars , Qiu Chengxuan 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionThe underlying pathological mechanisms linking cardiovascular burden to cognitive decline remain unclear.MethodsWe investigated the associations of the Framingham general cardiovascular risk score (FGCRS), apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4, and brain structure with the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) decline using the 9‐year follow‐up data from Swedish National Study on Aging and Care in Kungsholmen (n = 2189, age ≥60) and the embedded magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n = 448) studies. Volumes of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs), total gray matter, ventricles, and hippocampus were assessed in the MRI sample.ResultsA higher FGCRS was associated with faster MMSE decline in young‐old people (60–72 years) but not in old‐old (≥78 years). Larger volumes of cerebral WMHs and ventricles and smaller volumes of total gray matter and hippocampus were all associated with accelerated MMSE decline (P < .01); these associations were stronger among APOE ε4 carriers than noncarriers. Simultaneously entering multiple brain lesion markers as mediators in the model substantially attenuated the association between FGCRS and MMSE decline.DiscussionThe effect of cardiovascular risk burden on cognitive deterioration in old age is largely mediated by mixed brain lesions.
An investigation of cerebrovascular lesions in dementia with Lewy bodies compared to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Sarro Lidia , Tosakulwong Nirubol , Schwarz Christopher G. , Graff-Radford Jonathan , Przybelski Scott A. , Lesnick Timothy G. , Zuk Samantha M. , Reid Robert I. , Raman Mekala R. , Boeve Bradley F. , Ferman Tanis J. , Knopman David S. , Comi Giancarlo , Filippi Massimo , Murray Melissa E. , Parisi Joseph E. , Dickson Dennis W. , Petersen Ronald C. , Jack Clifford R. , Kantarci Kejal 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIntroductionCerebrovascular lesions on MRI are common in Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia, but less is known about their frequency and impact on dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodsWhite‐matter hyperintensities (WMHs) and infarcts on MRI were assessed in consecutive DLB (n = 81) and AD dementia (n = 240) patients and compared to age‐matched and sex‐matched cognitively normal subjects (CN) from a population‐based cohort.ResultsDLB had higher WMH volume compared to CN, and WMH volume was higher in the occipital and posterior periventricular regions in DLB compared to AD. Higher WMH volume was associated with history of cardiovascular disease and diabetes but not with clinical disease severity in DLB. Frequency of infarcts in DLB was not different from CN and AD dementia.DiscussionIn DLB, WMH volume is higher than AD and CN and appears to be primarily associated with history of vascular disease.
Chironomids as indicators of natural and human impacts in a 700-yr record from the northern Patagonian Andes
Authors: Williams Natalia , Rieradevall Maria , Suárez Diego Añón , Rizzo Andrea , Daga Romina , Guevara Sergio Ribeiro , Arribére María Angélica 
Published: August 2016

AbstractChironomid communities were studied in a sediment core collected from Lake Moreno Oeste, located in Nahuel Huapi National Park. A major change in midge assemblages occurred at ∼AD 1760, which was characterized by a decrease of “cold taxa” including Polypedilum sp.2 and Dicrotendipes, and an increase of “warm taxa” including Apsectrotanypus and Polypedilum sp.1. These taxa are likely related to climatic conditions concurrent with the end of a cold period at ∼AD 1500-1700 and the beginning of a drying climate at ∼AD 1740-1900 in northern Patagonia. Coarse tephra layers had low midge diversity; however they did not disrupt the climatic trend as the community recovered rapidly after the event. Since AD 1910, after the increase in suburban housing, fish introduction, and the construction of a road, there was an increase in the relative abundances of taxa typically associated with the littoral zone, such as Parapsectrocladius, Riethia, Apsectrotanypus, and some Tanytarsini morphotypes. The main change in the chironomid community appears to be associated with long-term climate change. At the beginning of the 20th century, other site-specific environmental factors (catchment change and fish introduction) altered the chironomid assemblages, making it more difficult to understand the relative importance of each driver of assemblage change.
Improving Team Performance for Public Health Preparedness
Authors: Peck Megan , Scullard Mickey , Hedberg Craig , Moilanen Emily , Radi Deborah , Riley William , Bowen Paige Anderson , Petersen-Kroeber Cheryl , Stenberg Louise , Olson Debra K. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractObjectiveBetween May 2010 and September 2011, the University of Minnesota School of Public Health partnered with the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) to assess the effect of exercises on team performance during public health emergency response.MethodsParticipants were divided into 3 research teams exposed to various levels of intervention. Groups consisted of a control group that was given standard MDH training exercises, a didactic group exposed to team dynamics and communication training, and a treatment group that received the didactic training in addition to a post-exercise facilitated debriefing. To assess differences in team performance, teams engaged in 15 functional exercises.ResultsDifferences in team performance across the 3 groups were identified, although there was no trend in team performance over time for any of the groups. Groups demonstrated fluctuation in team performance during the study period. Attitudinal surveys demonstrated an increase in workplace satisfaction and confidence in training among all groups throughout the study period.ConclusionsFindings from this research support that a critical link exists between training type and team performance during public health emergency response. This research supports that intentional teamwork training for emergency response workers is essential for effective public health emergency response. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:7–10)
Exaptation of pelmatozoan oral surfaces: constructional pathways in tegmen evolution
Authors: Ausich William I. , Kammer Thomas W. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe adoral surface of a crinoid theca has traditionally been called the tegmen, despite a wide range of morphologies; and, unfortunately, this has obscured the potential to recognize homologies between blastozoans and crinoids. With present recognition of these homologies, the constructional morphology of crinoid oral regions is explored, herein. Two major types of oral regions exist among crinoids: (1) an oral surface with the mouth exposed; and (2) a tegmen, in a restricted definition, with the mouth covered beneath solid plating. A tegmen is constructed by exaptation of oral surface plating and, commonly, other thecal plating. A pseudo-tegmen is an exaptation of aboral cup plates (i.e., radial plates). Tegmens or pseudo-tegmens evolved in all major crinoid clades at least once as an exaptation of oral surface plating. Tegmens evolved iteratively both between and within clades. In some cases, tegmen plates can be homologized with oral surface plates, but in other cases this is not apparent. Examples of tegmens that evolved many times include tegmens with an appearance of oral surface plates cemented in place; tegmens with fixed ambulacral cover plates and primary peristomial cover plates disproportionately enlarged; tegmens composed exclusively, or nearly so, of greatly enlarged primary peristomial cover plates; tegmens with tessellate plating but presumably with some flexibility; and tegmens constructed of innumerable undifferentiated plates. Most tegmens have all ambulacral cover plates fixed; but in some instances, the abaxial ambulacral cover plates remain moveable. Additionally, some lineages that possessed a tegmen evolved an oral surface secondarily, likely as an atavism. Based on this restricted definition of a tegmen, the hemicosmitid blastozoanCaryocrinitesalso evolved a tegmen. As known, tegmens dominated among camerate crinoids; and oral surfaces were more common among cladids, hybocrinids, disparids, flexibles, and articulates. However, oral surfaces evolved in some camerate lineages; tegmens evolved in some cladid, disparid, and articulate lineages; and pseudo-tegmens evolved in some flexible and articulate lineages.The iterative evolution of tegmens in crinoids and blastozoans is thought to be an adaptive response to cover the mouth and proximal ambulacra to protect this portion of the digestive tract from predation, scavenging, parasites, and disease causing agents.