bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primjena kriptografije i biometrije u automobilskoj industriji
Authors: Ćatović Edin 
Published: February 2017

U radu težište je na opisu primjene kriptografije i biometrije u automobilskoj industriji od samog početka pa do danas. Osim toga bitno je bilo istaknuti kakve nam sve prednosti donosi njena primjena, a koje nedostatke. To se prije svega odnosi na primjenjena kriptografska rješenja, kao i opis hardwera koji je djelimično ili u cjelosti učestvovao u implementaciji istih. U tu svrhu su detaljno opisani, sve vrste automobilskih ključeva, kao i primjena RFID sistema u automobilima. Nakon detaljno obradjene problematike, cilj je bio ponuditi vlastito rješenje, te isto i implementirati. Kao razvojno okruženje korišten je Arduino IDE (Arduino Uno R3 board), uz podršku namjenskog hardware-a. Ponuđeno rješenje, dio je oblasti biometrije, preciznije paljenje automobila nakon skeniranja otiska prsta (Adafruit biometric fingerprint sensor).
Uticaj amortizacije na poslovanje privrednih društava u Republici Srbiji
Authors: Milojević Marko , Terzić Ivica 
Published: February 2017

Značaj stalnih sredstava za poslovanje jednog privrednog društva može se uporediti sa kvalitetom temelja jedne građevine. Iz tog razloga svako tržišno orjentisano preduzeće mora voditi računa o strukturi i kvalitetu svojih stalnih sredstava. Zbog specifičnosti prenosa svoje vrednosti na proizvod ili uslugu svako pogrešne evidentiranje i obračunvanje amortizacije može dovesti u pitanje buduće poslovanje. Cilj ovog rada bio je da ispita udeo kumulativnih suma troškova amortizacije u stalnim sredstvima, poslovnim prihodima i rashodima tokom perioda ekonomske krize. Rezultati ukazuju da dolazi do konstantnog opadanja udela amortizacije u stalnim sredstvima, što se može objasniti činjenicom da su kompanije u Republici Srbiji i pored teškog privrednog ambijenta ipak ulagale u pozicije stalnih sredstava. Tokom analiziranog perioda kompanije su ulagale u klase stalnih sredstva koje imaju dug period amortizacije. Uglavnom su investicije u stalna sredstva usmerena ka nekretninama i dugoročnim finansijskim plasmanima. Ove klase imaju dug period amortizacije što dovodi do situacije da opada udeo amortizacije u stalnoj imovini.
Razvoj servisa za digitalni potpis sa sopstvenim modulom za generisanje ključeva i digitalnih sertifikata
Authors: Đuruć Milenko , Adamović Saša 
Published: February 2017

U ovom radu fokus je stavljen na razvoj sopstvene aplikacije za generisanje digitalnih sertifikata potrebnih za digitalno potpisivanje, na razvoj same funkcije digitalnog potpisivanja, kao i na verifikovanje digitalnog potpisa uz pomoć digitalnih sertifikata. U aplikaciji će biti implementirani moduli za generisanje skladišta ključeva, digitalnih sertifikata koji se sastoje od osnovnih informacija o vlasniku sertifikata i para asimetričnih kriptoloških ključeva (javni i privatni). Ključevi su generisani pomoću DSA1 i RSA2 algoritama, a koriste se i za digitalno potpisivanje i verifikaciju digitalnog potpisa.
Elekronsko bankarstvo – Primena i Sigurnost
Authors: Ilić Miloš N. , Spalević Žaklina S. , Veinović Mladen Đ. 
Published: February 2017

Ubrzani razvoj komunikacionih tehnologija, primena Interneta u svakodnevnom životu i radu pojedinaca, kao i sve veća pojava pametnih uređaja doveli su do približavanja elektronskih bankarskih usluga korisnicima. Bankarska industrija je domen poslovanja koji nudi svojim korisnicima veliki broj servisa korišćenjem novih komunikacionih medija. Ovakvi servisi trebaju da omoguće brzi udaljeni pristup, uštedu vremena korisnicima i najbitnije visok stepen sigurnosti. Ebanking servisi nude korisnicima pristup njihovim nalozima, pregled većeg dela skorašnjih transakcija, prenošenje sredstva, plaćanje, pregled kamatnih stopa, ugovora i podnošenje različitih zahteva. Sigurnost ovakvih servisa regulisana je na nekoliko nivoa kako bi stepen pouzdanosti bio što veći. Zaštita korisnika je otežana zbog jaza koji je nastao između razvoja ovakvih servisa i zakonskih regulativa koje se primenjuju na same servise. Autori su u radu obradili primenu Internet bankarskih sistema kao jednog od oblika elektronskog bankarstva, funkcionisanje sigurnosnih mehanizama na većem broju nivoa kao i primenu zakonskih ragulativa. Sigurnost samog Internet bankarstva sagledana je iz ugla sigurnosti koja se nudi na nivou Internet protokola kao i u domenu kriptografskih algoritama kojima se šifriraju podaci koji je prenose u komunikaciji.
Comparison of 3D laser-based photonic scans and manual anthropometric measurements of body size and shape in a validation study of 123 young Swiss men
Authors: Koepke Nikola , Zwahlen Marcel , Wells Jonathan C. , Bender Nicole , Henneberg Maciej , Rühli Frank J. , Staub Kaspar 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundManual anthropometric measurements are time-consuming and challenging to perform within acceptable intra- and inter-individual error margins in large studies. Three-dimensional (3D) laser body scanners provide a fast and precise alternative: within a few seconds the system produces a 3D image of the body topography and calculates some 150 standardised body size measurements.ObjectiveThe aim was to enhance the small number of existing validation studies and compare scan and manual techniques based on five selected measurements. We assessed the agreement between two repeated measurements within the two methods, analysed the direct agreement between the two methods, and explored the differences between the techniques when used in regressions assessing the effect of health related determinants on body shape indices.MethodsWe performed two repeated body scans on 123 volunteering young men using a Vitus Smart XXL body scanner. We manually measured height, waist, hip, buttock, and chest circumferences twice for each participant according to the WHO guidelines. The participants also filled in a basic questionnaire.ResultsMean differences between the two scan measurements were smaller than between the two manual measurements, and precision as well as intra-class correlation coefficients were higher. Both techniques were strongly correlated. When comparing means between both techniques we found significant differences: Height was systematically shorter by 2.1 cm, whereas waist, hip and bust circumference measurements were larger in the scans by 1.17–4.37 cm. In consequence, body shape indices also became larger and the prevalence of overweight was greater when calculated from the scans. Between 4.1% and 7.3% of the probands changed risk category from normal to overweight when classified based on the scans. However, when employing regression analyses the two measurement techniques resulted in very similar coefficients, confidence intervals, andp-values.ConclusionFor performing a large number of measurements in a large group of probands in a short time, body scans generally showed good feasibility, reliability, and validity in comparison to manual measurements. The systematic differences between the methods may result from their technical nature (contact vs. non-contact).
Comparison of hand grip strength and upper limb pressure pain threshold between older adults with or without non-specific shoulder pain
Authors: Calvo Lobo Cesar , Romero Morales Carlos , Rodríguez Sanz David , Sanz Corbalán Irene , Sánchez Romero Eleuterio A. , Fernández Carnero Josué , López López Daniel 
Published: February 2017

BackgroundThere is a high prevalence of non-specific shoulder pain associated with upper limb functional limitations in older adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the minimal clinically important differences (MCID) of grip strength and pressure pain threshold (PPT) in the upper limb between older adults with or without non-specific shoulder pain.MethodsA case-control study was carried out following the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) criteria. A sample of 132 shoulders (mean ± SD years) with (n = 66; 76.04 ± 7.58) and without (n = 66; 75.05 ± 6.26) non-specific pain were recruited. The grip strength and PPT of the anterior deltoid and extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscles were assessed.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences (mean ± SD;P-value) for anterior deltoid PPT (2.51 ± 0.69 vs 3.68 ± 0.65, kg/cm2;P< .001), ECRB PPT (2.20 ± 0.60 vs 3.35 ± 0.38 kg/cm2;P < .001) and grip strength (20.78 ± 10.94 vs 24.63 ± 9.38 kg;P= .032) between shoulders with and without non-specific pain, respectively.DiscussionThe MCID of 1.17 kg/cm2, 1.15 kg/cm2and 3.84 kg were proposed for anterior deltoid PPT, ECRB PPT and grip strength, respectively, to assess the upper limb of older adults with non-specific shoulder pain after treatment. In addition, univariate and multivariate (linear regression and regression trees) analyses may be used to consider age distribution, sex, pain intensity, grip strength and PPT in older adults including clinical and epidemiological studies with non-specific shoulder pain.
Primary magmas and mantle temperatures through time
Authors: Ganne Jérôme , Feng Xiaojun 
Published: February 2017

AbstractChemical composition of mafic magmas is a critical indicator of physicochemical conditions, such as pressure, temperature, and fluid availability, accompanying melt production in the mantle and its evolution in the continental or oceanic lithosphere. Recovering this information has fundamental implications in constraining the thermal state of the mantle and the physics of mantle convection throughout the Earth's history. Here a statistical approach is applied to a geochemical database of about 22,000 samples from the mafic magma record. Potential temperatures (Tps) of the mantle derived from this database, assuming melting by adiabatic decompression and a Ti‐dependent (Fe2O3/TiO2 = 0.5) or constant redox condition (Fe2+/∑Fe = 0.9 or 0.8) in the magmatic source, are thought to be representative of different thermal “horizons” (or thermal heterogeneities) in the ambient mantle, ranging in depth from a shallow sublithospheric mantle (Tp minima) to a lower thermal boundary layer (Tp maxima). The difference of temperature (ΔTp) observed between Tp maxima and minima did not change significantly with time (∼170°C). Conversely, a progressive but limited cooling of ∼150°C is proposed since ∼2.5 Gyr for the Earth's ambient mantle, which falls in the lower limit proposed by Herzberg et al. [2010] (∼150–250°C hotter than today). Cooling of the ambient mantle after 2.5 Ga is preceded by a high‐temperature plateau evolution and a transition from dominant plumes to a plate tectonics geodynamic regime, suggesting that subductions stabilized temperatures in the Archaean mantle that was in warming mode at that time.
Regional variations in the ocean response to tropical cyclones: Ocean mixing versus low cloud suppression
Authors: Huang Andrew , Li Hui , Sriver Ryan L. , Fedorov Alexey V. , Brierley Chris M. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTropical cyclones (TCs) tend to cool sea surface temperature (SST) via enhanced vertical mixing and evaporative fluxes. This cooling is substantially reduced in the subtropics, especially in the northeastern Pacific where the occurrence of TCs can warm the ocean surface. Here we investigate the cause of this anomalous warming by analyzing the local oceanic features and TC‐induced anomalies of SST, surface fluxes, and cloud fraction using satellite and in situ data. We find that TCs tend to suppress low clouds at the margins of the tropical ocean warm pool, enhancing shortwave radiative surface fluxes within the first week following storm passage, which, combined with spatial variations in ocean thermal structure, can produce a ~1°C near‐surface warming in the northeastern Pacific. These findings, supported by high‐resolution Earth system model simulations, point to potential connections between TCs, ocean temperature, and low cloud distributions that can influence tropical surface heat budgets.
Multiple surface wetting events in the greater Meridiani Planum region, Mars: Evidence from valley networks within ancient cratered highlands
Authors: Williams R. M. E. , Chuang F. C. , Berman D. C. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMorphological characterization of valley networks in three exposures of ancient cratered highlands (Nhc1) in the greater Meridiani Planum region yields insight into the Martian aqueous history. From our mapping, key regional differences are apparent in fine‐scale valley network attributes including morphologic type, planimetric form, density, and links to candidate paleolakes. This information, combined with crater retention age (inferred exposure age), provides new details on the relative timing and nature of aqueous processes in the region. Newly identified pitted‐type valley networks have morphological similarity to terrestrial pitted landforms in an evaporite setting. We interpret the pitted valley networks to reflect late‐stage groundwater processes concentrated along the former fluvial conduits. Evidence from this study indicates that localized reactivation of valley networks occurred during or after exhumation of eastern Nhc1 unit.
Atlantic meridional heat transports computed from balancing Earth's energy locally
Authors: Trenberth Kevin E. , Fasullo John T. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThe Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation plays a major role in moving heat and carbon around in the ocean. A new estimate of ocean heat transports for 2000 through 2013 throughout the Atlantic is derived. Top‐of‐atmosphere radiation is combined with atmospheric reanalyses to estimate surface heat fluxes and combined with vertically integrated ocean heat content to estimate ocean heat transport divergence as a residual. Atlantic peak northward ocean heat transports average 1.18 ± 0.13 PW (1 sigma) at 15°N but vary considerably in latitude and time. Results agree well with observational estimates at 26.5°N from the RAPID array, but for 2004–2013 the meridional heat transport is 1.00 ± 0.11 PW versus 1.23 ± 0.11 PW for RAPID. In addition, these results have no hint of a trend, unlike the RAPID results. Strong westerlies north of a meridian drive ocean currents and an ocean heat loss into the atmosphere that is exacerbated by a decrease in ocean heat transport northward.
Observations of kinetic‐size magnetic holes in the magnetosheath
Authors: Yao S. T. , Wang X. G. , Shi Q. Q. , Pitkänen T. , Hamrin M. , Yao Z. H. , Li Z. Y. , Ji X. F. , De Spiegeleer A. , Xiao Y. C. , Tian A. M. , Pu Z. Y. , Zong Q. G. , Xiao C. J. , Fu S. Y. , Zhang H. , Russell C. T. , Giles B. L. , Guo R. L. , Sun W. J. , Li W. Y. , Zhou X. Z. , Huang S. Y. , Vaverka J. , Nowada M. , Bai S. C. , Wang M. M. , Liu J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractMagnetic holes (MHs), with a scale much greater than ρi (proton gyroradius), have been widely reported in various regions of space plasmas. On the other hand, kinetic‐size magnetic holes (KSMHs), previously called small‐size magnetic holes, with a scale of the order of magnitude of or less than ρi have only been reported in the Earth's magnetospheric plasma sheet. In this study, we report such KSMHs in the magnetosheath whereby we use measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission, which provides three‐dimensional (3‐D) particle distribution measurements with a resolution much higher than previous missions. The MHs have been observed in a scale of 10–20 ρe (electron gyroradii) and lasted 0.1–0.3 s. Distinctive electron dynamics features are observed, while no substantial deviations in ion data are seen. It is found that at the 90° pitch angle, the flux of electrons with energy 34–66 eV decreased, while for electrons of energy 109–1024 eV increased inside the MHs. We also find the electron flow vortex perpendicular to the magnetic field, a feature self‐consistent with the magnetic depression. Moreover, the calculated current density is mainly contributed by the electron diamagnetic drift, and the electron vortex flow is the diamagnetic drift flow. The electron magnetohydrodynamics soliton is considered as a possible generation mechanism for the KSMHs with the scale size of 10–20 ρe.
From interannual to decadal: 17 years of boundary current transports at the exit of the Labrador Sea
Authors: Zantopp R. , Fischer J. , Visbeck M. , Karstensen J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractOver the past 17 years, the western boundary current system of the Labrador Sea has been closely observed by maintaining the 53°N observatory (moorings and shipboard station data) measuring the top‐to‐bottom flow field offshore from the Labrador shelf break. Volume transports for the North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) components were calculated using different methods, including gap filling procedures for deployment periods with suboptimal instrument coverage. On average the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) carries 30.2 ± 6.6 Sv of NADW southward, which are almost equally partitioned between Labrador Sea Water (LSW, 14.9 ± 3.9 Sv) and Lower North Atlantic Deep Water (LNADW, 15.3 ± 3.8 Sv). The transport variability ranges from days to decades, with the most prominent multiyear fluctuations at interannual to near decadal time scales (±5 Sv) in the LNADW overflow water mass. These long‐term fluctuations appear to be in phase with the NAO‐modulated wind fluctuations. The boundary current system off Labrador occurs as a conglomerate of nearly independent components, namely, the shallow Labrador Current, the weakly sheared LSW range, and the deep baroclinic, bottom‐intensified current core of the LNADW, all of which are part of the cyclonic Labrador Sea circulation. This structure is relatively stable over time, and the 120 km wide boundary current is constrained seaward by a weak counterflow which reduces the deep water export by 10–15%.
A semianalytical MERIS green‐red band algorithm for identifying phytoplankton bloom types in the East China Sea
Authors: Tao Bangyi , Mao Zhihua , Lei Hui , Pan Delu , Bai Yan , Zhu Qiankun , Zhang Zhenglong 
Published: February 2017

AbstractA new bio‐optical algorithm based on the green and red bands of the Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) is developed to differentiate the harmful algal blooms of Prorocentrum donghaiense Lu (P. donghaiense) from diatom blooms in the East China Sea (ECS). Specifically, a novel green‐red index (GRI), actually an indicator for a(510) of bloom waters, is retrieved from a semianalytical bio‐optical model based on the green and red bands of phytoplankton‐absorption and backscattering spectra. In addition, a MERIS‐based diatom index (DIMERIS) is derived by adjusting a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) diatom index algorithm to the MERIS bands. Finally, bloom types are effectively differentiated in the feature spaces of the green‐red index and DIMERIS. Compared with three previous MERIS‐based quasi‐analytical algorithm (QAA) algorithms and three existing classification methods, the proposed GRI and classification method have the best discrimination performance when using the MERIS data. Further validations of the algorithm by using several MERIS image series and near‐concurrent in situ observations indicate that our algorithm yields the best classification accuracy and thus can be used to reliably detect and classify P. donghaiense and diatom blooms in the ECS. This is the first time that the MERIS data have been used to identify bloom types in the ECS. Our algorithm can also be used for the successor of the MERIS, the Ocean and Land Color Instrument, which will aid the long‐term observation of species succession in the ECS.
Physical forcing of late summer chlorophyll a blooms in the oligotrophic eastern North Pacific
Authors: Toyoda Takahiro , Okamoto Suguru 
Published: February 2017

AbstractWe investigated physical forcing of late summer chlorophyll a (chl a) blooms in the oligotrophic eastern North Pacific Ocean by using ocean reanalysis and satellite data. Relatively large chl a blooms as defined in this study occurred in August–October following sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly (SSTA) decreases, mixed layer deepening, and temperature and salinity increases at the bottom of the mixed layer. These physical conditions were apparently induced by the entrainment of subsurface water resulting from the destabilization of the surface layer caused by anomalous northward Ekman transport of subtropical waters of higher salinity. Salinity‐normalized total alkalinity data provide supporting evidence for nutrient supply by the entrainment process. We next investigated the impact of including information about the entrainment on bloom identification. The results of analyses using reanalysis data and of those using only satellite data showed large SSTA decreases when the northward Ekman salinity transports were large, implying that the entrainment of subsurface water is well represented in both types of data. After surface‐destabilizing conditions were established, relatively high surface chl a concentrations were observed. The use of SST information can further improve the detection of high chl a concentrations. Although the detection of high chl a concentrations would be enhanced by finer data resolution and the inclusion of biogeochemical parameters in the ocean reanalysis, our results obtained by using existing reanalysis data as well as recent satellite data are valuable for better understanding and prediction of lower trophic ecosystem variability.
The importance of lateral variability on exchange across the inner shelf south of Martha's Vineyard, MA
Authors: Kirincich A. R. , Lentz S. J. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractThis study examines the spatial variability of transport within the inner‐shelf south of Martha's Vineyard Massachusetts, its time and space dependence, and its importance to the total volume exchanged between the nearshore and the coastal ocean. The exchange of water across the inner shelf is often considered to be driven primarily by wind forcing, yet the effects of small‐scale O(1–10 km) variability on the total exchange have not been well quantified. Using a combination of high‐resolution HF radar‐based surface currents and a dense array of moorings to document the lateral variability of across‐shelf exchange, the cumulative wind‐driven across‐shelf transport over the summer stratified period was less than the volume of the inner‐shelf onshore of the 25 m isobath. Along‐shelf variations in the wind‐driven exchange were as large as the spatial mean of the wind‐driven exchange. A spatially varying time‐averaged circulation caused by tidal rectification resulted in across‐shelf exchange larger in magnitude than, and independent of, the integrated wind‐forced exchange. Coherent submesoscale eddies also occurred frequently within the domain due to flow‐topography effects onshore and horizontal density gradients offshore, generally with lifespans shorter than 10 h, diameters smaller than 6 km, and vertical depths shallower than 10 m. The across‐shelf volume transport due to eddies, estimated by seeding particles within the surface current fields, was more than half the wind‐driven depth‐dependent exchange. Thus, accounting for the potential coherent along‐shelf variability present over the inner shelf can significantly increase estimates of the across‐shelf transfer of water masses and particles.