bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Central nervous system disease in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Johnston Donna L. , Alonzo Todd A. , Gerbing Robert B. , Aplenc Richard , Woods William G. , Meshinchi Soheil , Gamis Alan S. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe prognostic impact of central nervous system (CNS) involvement in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has varied in past trials, and controversy exists over the degree of involvement requiring intensified CNS therapy. Two recent Children's Oncology Group protocols, AAML03P1 and AAML0531, directed additional intrathecal (IT) therapy to patients with CNS2 (≤5 white blood cell [WBC] with blasts) or CNS3 (>5 WBC with blasts or CNS symptoms) disease at diagnosis.MethodsWe examined disease characteristics and outcomes of the 1,344 patients on these protocols, 949 with CNS1 (no blasts), 217 with CNS2, and 178 with CNS3, with the latter two receiving additional IT therapy.ResultsYoung age (P = 0.003), hyperleukocytosis (P < 0.001), and the presence of inversion 16 (P < 0.001) were the only factors more prevalent in patients with CNS2 or CNS3 disease. Complete remission at the end of induction (EOI) 2 was achieved less often in patients with CNS involvement (P < 0.001). From diagnosis, event‐free survival (EFS) for patients with CNS involvement was significantly worse (P < 0.001), whereas overall survival (OS) was not (P = 0.16). From the EOI1, there was a higher relapse rate (RR) and worse disease‐free survival (DFS), but less impact on OS (CNS1:DFS 58.9%, RR 34.1%, OS 69.3%; CNS2:DFS 53.2%, RR 40.9%, OS 74.7%; CNS3:DFS 45.2%, RR 48.8%, OS 60.8%; P = 0.006, P < 0.001, P = 0.045, respectively). Multivariable analysis showed that independently CNS2 and CNS3 status adversely affected RR and DFS. Traumatic diagnostic lumbar puncture was not associated with worse outcome.ConclusionsCNS leukemia confers greater relapse risk despite more aggressive locally directed therapy. Novel approaches need to be investigated in this group of patients.
Self‐management strategies used by head and neck cancer survivors following completion of primary treatment: A directed content analysis
Authors: Dunne Simon , Mooney Orla , Coffey Laura , Sharp Linda , Timmons Aileen , Desmond Deirdre , Gooberman‐Hill Rachael , O'Sullivan Eleanor , Keogh Ivan , Timon Conrad , Gallagher Pamela 
Published: April 2017

AbstractObjectiveHead and neck cancer (HNC) survivors encounter unique challenges following treatment. This study aimed to identify self‐management strategies that HNC survivors use to overcome these posttreatment challenges.MethodsTwenty‐seven individuals from 4 designated cancer centres in Ireland were interviewed about self‐management strategies that helped them overcome challenges following HNC treatment. Interviews were audio‐recorded, transcribed, and analysed using directed content analysis.ResultsTwenty self‐management strategy types (encompassing 77 specific strategies) were identified. The most frequently used self‐management strategy types were self‐sustaining (used by 26 survivors), self‐motivating (n = 25), and proactive problem solving (n = 25). The most frequently used specific strategies were adaptive approaches to ongoing physical consequences of HNC and its treatment (n = 24), customising dietary practices (n = 24), and maintaining a positive outlook (n = 22).ConclusionsThe study identified strategies that helped HNC survivors to self‐manage posttreatment challenges. This information could inform the design/development of self‐management interventions tailored towards HNC survivors.
Proteomic profiling identifies novel circulating markers associated with bronchiectasis in cystic fibrosis
Authors: DeBoer Emily M. , Kroehl Miranda E. , Wagner Brandie D. , Accurso Frank J. , Harris J. Kirk , Lynch David A. , Sagel Scott D. , Deterding Robin R. 
Published: April 2017

PurposeEvaluate bronchiectasis change over 1 year in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and find blood proteins associated with bronchiectasis.Experimental designPilot study of CF children who had chest computed tomography (CT) scans and blood collected during times of clinical stability. Blood plasma was analyzed for 1129 proteins using SOMAmer®, the SOMAscan proteomics platform. Bronchiectasis was measured on two CT scans collected 1 year apart. Spearman's rank estimated the correlations between outcomes. Clinical relevance was defined as |r| >0.40.ResultsThere were 26 children included: mean age 11.3 years (SD 2.4 years), mean Brody Bronchiectasis score 0.65 (SD 0.83), mean airway count 14.3 (SD 5.7) per CT slice. Brody bronchiectasis change over 1 year ranged from −1.0 to 1.9 and airway count change over one year ranged from −7.7 to 13.5 airways per slice. Proteins related to inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation were associated with cross‐sectional and longitudinal structural changes.Conclusions and clinical relevanceImaging outcomes were more strongly correlated with circulating proteins than age or spirometry values. The unique SOMAscan proteomic platform identifies several novel proteins in blood that are associated with bronchiectasis and that may serve as clinically useful biomarkers in children with CF.
Wafer‐scale epitaxial lift‐off of GaN using bandgap‐selective photoenhanced wet etching
Authors: Youtsey Chris , McCarthy Robert , Reddy Rekha , Forghani Kamran , Xie Andy , Beam Ed , Wang Jingshan , Fay Patrick , Ciarkowski Timothy , Carlson Eric , Guido Louis 
Published: April 2017

An epitaxial lift‐off (ELO) process for GaN materials has been demonstrated using bandgap‐selective photoenhanced wet etching of an InGaN release layer. This process has been applied to GaN layers grown on sapphire as well as native GaN substrates using a perforation technique to scale the process up to wafers of arbitrary size. The process has the advantage of leveraging conventional MOCVD growth to form the release layer, with minimal degradation of films grown on top of the release layer. The ELO process is non‐destructive and can enable cost reduction through reuse of the native GaN substrate after ELO. The GaN films have been characterized before and after ELO using AFM, SEM, XRD, TEM and by fabricating Schottky barrier diodes. The performance of Schottky diodes fabricated on GaN‐on‐sapphire structures was found to improve after ELO. Potential applications for this technology include GaN power and optoelectronic devices as well as flexible electronics.
Shown is a 5‐micron‐thick GaN epitaxial film released from a 4‐inch sapphire substrate using perforations on a 1‐mm pitch. The yellow luminescence of the nitrogen face of the released film is visible under ultraviolet illumination.
Design, integration, and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvester
Authors: Silwal Abhisesh , Davidson Joseph R. , Karkee Manoj , Mo Changki , Zhang Qin , Lewis Karen 
Published: April 2017

AbstractEvery apple destined for the fresh market is picked by the human hand. Despite extensive research over the past four decades, there are no mechanical apple harvesters for the fresh market commercially available, which is a significant concern because of increasing uncertainty about the availability of manual labor and rising production costs. The highly unstructured orchard environment has been a major challenge to the development of commercially viable robotic harvesting systems. This paper reports the design and field evaluation of a robotic apple harvester. The approach adopted was to use a low‐cost system to assess required sensing, planning, and manipulation functionality in a modern orchard system with a planar canopy. The system was tested in a commercial apple orchard in Washington State. Workspace modifications and performance criteria are thoroughly defined and reported to help evaluate the approach and guide future enhancements. The machine vision system was accurate and had an average localization time of 1.5 s per fruit. The seven degree of freedom harvesting system successfully picked 127 of the 150 fruit attempted for an overall success rate of 84% with an average picking time of 6.0 s per fruit. Future work will include integration of additional sensing and obstacle detection for improved system robustness.
Epistemic Processing When Adolescents Read Online: A Verbal Protocol Analysis of More and Less Successful Online Readers
Authors: Cho Byeong‐Young , Woodward Lindsay , Li Dan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis study examines how the beliefs that adolescent readers hold about knowledge and knowing are activated during online reading. The research questions center on the pattern of these readers’ epistemic processes through which more or less productive learning occurs. High school students performed a critical online reading task on a controversial topic; 10 more successful readers and 10 less successful readers were then selected based on their topic knowledge gain and the quality of the questions that they constructed in response to their online reading. The epistemic processes of these two groups’ 20 readers were inferred from their concurrent verbal reports. Verbal reports were coded and classified qualitatively until concrete types of epistemic processing were recognized; the coded data were then quantified for statistical group comparisons to identify and interpret emerging patterns. The results indicated that more successful online readers tended to engage in higher order epistemic processes when judging information sources, monitoring their knowing processes, and regulating their alternative knowledge‐seeking actions, whereas the epistemic actions of their less successful counterparts were more often disconnected and tended to function at a surface level. Cross‐categorical associations were found among epistemic judgment, monitoring, and regulation, suggesting that epistemic processes operate interactively. Implications of the study's results are discussed in relation to literacy research and practice.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Time to Change the Name!
Authors: Caplan Arnold I. 
Published: April 2017

Summary
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were officially named more than 25 years ago to represent a class of cells from human and mammalian bone marrow and periosteum that could be isolated and expanded in culture while maintaining their in vitro capacity to be induced to form a variety of mesodermal phenotypes and tissues. The in vitro capacity to form bone, cartilage, fat, etc., became an assay for identifying this class of multipotent cells and around which several companies were formed in the 1990s to medically exploit the regenerative capabilities of MSCs. Today, there are hundreds of clinics and hundreds of clinical trials using human MSCs with very few, if any, focusing on the in vitro multipotential capacities of these cells. Unfortunately, the fact that MSCs are called “stem cells” is being used to infer that patients will receive direct medical benefit, because they imagine that these cells will differentiate into regenerating tissue-producing cells. Such a stem cell treatment will presumably cure the patient of their medically relevant difficulties ranging from osteoarthritic (bone-on-bone) knees to various neurological maladies including dementia. I now urge that we change the name of MSCs to Medicinal Signaling Cells to more accurately reflect the fact that these cells home in on sites of injury or disease and secrete bioactive factors that are immunomodulatory and trophic (regenerative) meaning that these cells make therapeutic drugs in situ that are medicinal. It is, indeed, the patient's own site-specific and tissue-specific resident stem cells that construct the new tissue as stimulated by the bioactive factors secreted by the exogenously supplied MSCs.
Molecular‐Iodine‐Catalyzed Transformation of Benzyl Amines to N‐Benzyl Benzamides via Oxidative Dehydrogenation/A2 like Self‐Coupling and Hydration under Metal‐Free Mild Conditions
Authors: Saha Arijit , Payra Soumen , Banerjee Subhash 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAn efficient protocol for the transformation of benzyl amines to N‐benzyl benzamides through oxidative dehydrogenation, A2 like self coupling and hydration has been developed using mild I2/TBHP catalytic system under metal‐free conditions.
In Situ Preparation of Polyethylene Glycol/ Silver Nanoparticles Composite Phase Change Materials with Enhanced Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Liang Weidong , Wang Lina , Zhu Zhaoqi , Qian Chen , Sun Hanxue , Yang Baoping , Li An 
Published: April 2017

AbstractPhase change materials (PCMs) have been widely used as efficient materials in latent heat thermal storage systems for various applications. The poor thermal conductivity of most organic PCMs, however, has long been considered as one of big obstacles hindering their practical applications. Here, we report the first example of in situ reduction of AgNO3 precursor by PEG for preparation of polyethylene glycol/silver nanoparticles (PEG/Ag) PCMs nanocomposites with enhanced thermal conductivity only though a simple blending and heating process, without using any complicated techniques. The prepared Ag nanoparticles show a well dispersion in PEG matrix and the Ag is mainly existed in a zero of valence status. As expected, a maximum value of 211.7 % of that of pure PEG in thermal conductivities of the resulting PEG/Ag PCMs were achieved. The latent heat for PEG/Ag PCMs nanocomposites were evaluated in the range from 121.9 J g−1 to 141.9 J g−1. Owing to high latent heat and excellent thermal conductivity, such PEG/Ag PCMs may have great potentials for energy saving applications. Especially, the in situ preparation of PEG/Ag makes it possible for site operation and scaled‐up production, which is of great technologically significance for realization of PCMs into real applications.
Zinc(II) Hexafluoroacetylacetonate Complexes of Alkoxyamines: NMR and Kinetic Investigations. First Step for a New Way to Prepare Hybrid Materials.
Authors: Audran Gérard , Bagryanskaya Elena , Bagryanskaya Irina , Edeleva Mariya , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Parkhomenko Dmitriy , Tretyakov Evgeny , Zhivetyeva Svetlana 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA series of Zn(hfac)2 alkoxyamines (diethyl(2,2‐dimethyl‐1‐(tert‐butyl‐(1‐pyridylethoxy)amino)propyl)phosphonate) coordinated at ortho, meta and para positions of their pyridyl moiety were prepared and their homolysis rate constants kd measured. Up to a 30‐fold increase in kd was observed for the meta‐(Zn‐RR/SS) and para‐(Zn‐RR/SS) regioisomers. Moreover, the activation is also controlled by the amount of pyridine, used as a ligand competitor. XRD, 1H and 31P NMR spectra show very different structures for each complexes in solid state and in solution depending on the diastereosiomers and on the regioisomers.
A Metal‐Free Based New Approach to 2,4‐Disubstituted Pyridines via One‐Pot Sequential Reaction of Cyclic Sulfamidate Imines with β‐Substituted Acroleins
Authors: Majee Debashis , Guin Soumitra , Biswas Soumen , Samanta Sampak 
Published: April 2017

AbstractA novel and efficient L‐proline catalyzed Michael reaction of several 4‐aryl/heteroaryl‐substituted cyclic sulfamidate imines with a variety of β‐styryl/aryl/alkyl‐substituted acroleins, followed by in situ elimination‐iminocyclization‐dehydration sequence process in the presence of DABCO as a base is reported for the first time. By this unconventional one‐pot sequential protocol, a number of 2‐aryl/heteroaryl‐4‐styrylpyridines and 2,4‐diarylpyridines have been prepared in good to high yields under metal‐free conditions. Besides, the synthesized 4‐styrylpyridine derivatives were also further utilized for the synthesis of commercially as well as pharmaceutically important 2‐arylisonicotinic acids.
31P NMR Characterization of Tricin and Its Structurally Similar Flavonoids
Authors: Li Mi , Pu Yunqiao , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Ragauskas Arthur J. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAbstract: Tricin, a flavonoid metabolite, has been recently identified as a component of lignin in select monocot plants. This finding has initiated consideration on updating the lignin biosynthesis pathway. We here report a rapid method of determination of tricin in corn stover lignin, based on 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy by phosphitylating with 2‐chloro‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyl‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane (TMDP). Nine other flavonoids, with similar structure to tricin, have also been examined using the current method. The application of 31P NMR enables rapid identification of tricin‐like flavonoids in the heterogeneous lignin polymer. The well resolved spectroscopic peaks from these derivatized flavonoids and lignin functional groups provide important information for the determination of flavonoids individually or their association with lignin.
(Indenyl)Iron Complex [(η5‐indenyl)Fe(η‐C6H6)]+: Synthesis, Arene Exchange Reactions and Bonding
Authors: Loginov Dmitry A. , Chamkin Alexander A. , Kharitonov Vladimir B. , Sovdagarova Elizaveta R. , Nelyubina Yulia V. , Kudinov Alexander R. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe indenyl‐benzene complex [(η5‐indenyl)Fe(η‐C6H6)]+ (2) was synthesized by photochemical reaction of the cyclohexadienyl derivative [(η5‐C6H7)Fe(η‐C6H6)]+ and indenyl anion with the subsequent treatment of complex (η5‐C6H7)Fe(η5‐indenyl) formed by acetic acid. Visible light irradiation of cations [(η5‐indenyl)Fe(η6‐indene)]+ (1) or 2 in the presence of substituted benzenes in CH2Cl2 results in arene exchange giving [(η5‐indenyl)Fe(η6‐arene)]+ (arene=o‐xylene (3 a), mesitylene (3 b), hexamethylbenzene (3 c) and [2.2]paracyclophane (3 d)). The rate of this reaction is lower than for the related cyclopentadienyl complex [CpFe(η‐C6H6)]+. μ‐Pentaphospholyl triple‐decker complex [(η5‐indenyl)Fe(μ‐η:η‐cyclo‐P5)FeCp*]+ (4) was synthesized by photochemical reaction of 1 with Cp*Fe(η‐cyclo‐P5). The structures of 2PF6, 3 cPF6 and 4PF6 were determined by X‐ray diffraction. According to energy decomposition analysis, the metal‐benzene bonding in 2 is weaker than in [CpFe(η‐C6H6)]+ but stronger than in [Cp*Fe(η‐C6H6)]+. The mechanism of thermal benzene replacement in 2 and [CpFe(η‐C6H6)]+ as well as structure of excited state were analyzed by DFT calculations.
Practical Synthesis of both Enantiomeric Amino Acid, Mannich, and Aldol Derivatives by Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Liu Yan , Arumugam Natarajan , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Kumar Raju Suresh , Maruoka Keiji 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn this account, we describe our recent developments in organocatalyzed asymmetric methodologies for the practical synthesis of both enantiomers. The synthesis of both enantiomeric products by using both enantiomeric catalysts is the most traditional way. In addition, use of two pseudoenantiomeric catalysts provides a more practical approach for the synthesis of both enantiomeric products. Even more efficient is the use of a single enantiomeric catalyst in the presence or absence of certain additives for obtaining both enantiomeric products. These three different strategies are illustrated by using certain organocatalyzed asymmetric approaches.
Prospective assessment of INTERGROWTH‐21st and World Health Organization estimated fetal weight reference curves
Authors: Cheng Y. K. Y. , Lu J. , Leung T. Y. , Chan Y. M. , Sahota D. S. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectivesTo assess the suitability of the new INTERGROWTH‐21st and World Health Organization (WHO) estimated fetal weight (EFW) references in a Southern Chinese population. A secondary aim was to determine the accuracy of EFW by assessing the difference between EFW and actual birth weight.MethodsThis was a prospective cross‐sectional cohort study. Viable singleton pregnancies at 11–13 weeks' gestation were recruited to undergo a single standardized fetal biometric scan after 20 weeks. The gestational age at which the scan was performed was allocated randomly at the time of recruitment. EFW was predicted using both the Hadlock and INTERGROWTH‐21st weight estimation model formulae. Population‐specific EFW references were constructed. Z‐scores were used to compare these references against the INTERGROWTH‐21st and WHO international size references. Gestational‐age‐adjusted projection was used to assess the difference between EFW on the day of delivery and birth weight for fetuses having biometry scans ≥ 34 weeks.ResultsFetuses of 970 participants had biometry scans. The median number of scans per gestational week was 48 (interquartile range, 43–53). Z‐score comparison indicated that the WHO 10th, 50th and 90th centiles of the EFW reference were consistently higher than the corresponding local centiles, whilst the INTERGROWTH‐21st 10th centile was lower. Fewer than 2% of fetuses scanned at or after 34 weeks would be considered as potentially large‐for‐gestational age, irrespective of which model was used to predict weight. Adopting the WHO international reference would result in approximately one in six fetuses being regarded as potentially small‐for‐gestational age, 50% more than the number determined using a population‐specific reference. Systematic errors of extrapolated EFW were similar, ranging from 5.5% to 7.4%.ConclusionsCenters seeking to use new references, such as the INTERGROWTH‐21st and/or WHO international references, as a means of determining whether a fetus is small‐ or large‐for‐gestational age, would be advised to assess the suitability of these references within their own population using standardized methodology. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Perinatal outcome and placental apoptosis in patients with late‐onset pre‐eclampsia and abnormal uterine artery Doppler at diagnosis
Authors: Rodríguez M. , Couve‐Pérez C. , San Martín S. , Martínez F. , Lozano C. , Sepúlveda‐Martínez A. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo determine the rate of placental apoptosis and adverse perinatal outcome in patients with late‐onset pre‐eclampsia (PE) and abnormal uterine artery (UtA) Doppler at diagnosis.MethodsThis was a prospective cohort study of women with singleton pregnancy diagnosed with late PE, performed between August 2011 and January 2014 at the Maternal‐Fetal Medicine Unit of Hospital Carlos Van Buren. Patients were stratified according to UtA Doppler status at diagnosis (pulsatility index (PI) ≤ or > 95th percentile). Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify associations between abnormal UtA Doppler and adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. In a subset of this cohort for whom placental samples were available, immunohistochemical analysis of the placenta was performed to identify the rate of apoptosis and its association with UtA Doppler by comparing samples from those with normal and those with abnormal UtA Doppler and normotensive controls. Non‐parametric linear trend analysis was performed for assessment of the apoptotic index.ResultsEighty‐six patients were included in the final analysis. Of these, UtA‐PI was above the 95th percentile in 33 (38.4%) patients. Gestational age at diagnosis and delivery were significantly lower in this group compared with patients with normal UtA Doppler. Abnormal UtA Doppler was associated with increased risk of severe PE (odds ratio (OR) = 7.5; 95% CI, 2.76–20.46; P < 0.001), late preterm delivery (OR = 13.7; 95% CI, 4.53–41.46; P < 0.001), small‐for‐gestational age at birth (OR = 12.3; 95% CI, 3.17–47.57; P < 0.001) and admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (OR = 12.8; 95% CI, 2.61–62.36; P = 0.002). Moreover, UtA Z‐score demonstrated a significant inverse correlation with birth‐weight Z‐score (r = –0.34; P = 0.0013). Mean placental apoptotic index demonstrated an ascending linear trend according to UtA Doppler status (P = 0.04).ConclusionsIn patients with late PE, UtA Doppler was useful for clinical classification and as an indicator of placental histological findings. Correlation between UtA Doppler and the apoptotic index provides new evidence of a subgroup of late PE with a placental origin. Copyright © 2017 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.