bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Shoes do not Decrease the Negative Work of the Lower Extremity Joints
Authors: Hashizume Satoru , Murai Akihiko , Hobara Hiroaki , Kobayashi Yoshiyuki , Tada Mitsunori , Mochimaru Masaaki 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDifferent types of running shoes may have different influence on the negative work of each lower extremity joint. Clarifying this influence can reduce the potential risk of muscle injury. The present study examined the difference in the negative work and associated kinetic and kinematic parameters of the lower extremity joints between training shoes and racing flats during the contact phase of running. Participants were asked to run on a runway at a speed of 3.0 m·s-1 for both training shoes and racing flats. The negative work and associated kinetic and kinematic parameters of each lower extremity joint were calculated. No difference was found in the negative work of the hip and ankle joints between the two types of running shoes. Meanwhile, the negative work of the knee joint was significantly greater for training shoes than for racing flats. This aspect was related to a longer duration of the negative power of the knee joint with the invariant amplitude of the negative power, moment, and angular velocity. These results suggest a higher potential risk of muscle injury around the knee joint for training shoes than for racing flats.
Kinetic Sprint Asymmetries on a non-motorised Treadmill in Rugby Union Athletes
Authors: Brown Scott , Cross Matt , Girard Olivier , Brocherie Franck , Samozino Pierre , Morin Jean-Benoît 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to present a potential link between sprint kinetic (vertical [F
V] and horizontal force [F
H]) asymmetries and athletic performance during acceleration and maximal velocity (v
max) sprinting. Thirty un-injured male rugby athletes performed 8-s sprints on a non-motorised treadmill. Kinetic data were divided into ‘strong’ and ‘weak’ legs based on individually averaged peak values observed during sprinting and were analysed to evaluate asymmetry. Large differences were found between the strong and weak legs in F
H during acceleration (4.3 vs. 3.5 N·kg−1) and v
max (3.7 vs. 2.8 N·kg−1) sprinting (both ES=1.2), but not in F
V (21.8 vs. 20.8 N·kg−1, ES=− 0.6 for acceleration; 23.9 vs. 22.8 N·kg−1, ES=− 0.5 for v
max, respectively). Group mean asymmetry was lower in F
V compared to F
H during acceleration (1.6 vs. 6.8%) and v
max (1.6 vs. 8.2%). The range of asymmetry was much lower in F
V (0.03–4.3%) compared to F
H (0.2–28%). In un-injured rugby athletes, the magnitude and range of asymmetry scores in F
H, occurring during acceleration and v
max phases, where much greater than those found in F
V. These findings highlight the potential for some un-injured athletes to possess kinetic asymmetries known as crucial components for acceleration performance in sprinting.
Relationship between Force-Velocity Profiles and 1,500-m Ergometer Performance in Young Rowers
Authors: Giroux Caroline , Maciejewski Hugo , Ben-Abdessamie Amal , Chorin Frédéric , Lardy Julien , Ratel Sebastien , Rahmani Abderrahmane 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRowing races require developing high level of force and power output at high contraction velocity. This study determined the force-velocity and power-velocity (F-P-V) profiles of lower and upper limbs of adolescent rowers and their relationships with a 1,500-m rowing ergometer performance. The power developed during the 1,500-m (P1500) was evaluated in fourteen national-level male rowers (age: 15.3±0.6 yrs). F-P-V profiles were assessed during bench pull (BP) and squat jump (SJ) exercises. The theoretical maximal values of force (F0), velocity (V0), power output (Pmax) and the F-V relationship slope (S
FV
) were determined. The body mass (BM) influence on these relationships was considered using an allometric approach. F0 was 720±144 and 2146±405 N, V0 was 1.8±0.1 and 1.8±0.3 m·s−1, Pmax was 333±83 and 968±204 W and SFV was −391±54 and −1,200±260 N·s·m−1 for BP and SJ, respectively. Upper and lower limb F0 and Pmax were significantly related. P1500 was significantly (P<0.05) correlated to V0-BP, F0-BP, SFV-BP, Pmax-BP, F0-SJ and Pmax-SJ (r²=0.29 to 0.79). BM accounted for more than 90% of these relationships. Rowers’ F-P-V profiles reflect adaptations to chronic rowing practice. F-P-V profiles and rowing performance correlations suggest that BP and SJ exercises are relevant to evaluate young rowers’ explosive abilities.
Der Weg zum Atmungstherapeuten in Deutschland – Status quo und Entwicklungsperspektiven
Authors: Karg O. 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDas Berufsbild des Atmungstherapeuten hat sich 10 Jahre nach seiner Einführung in Deutschland gut etabliert. 600 Teilnehmer haben die berufsbegleitenden Weiterbildungskurse absolviert. Unsere Ziele sind eine hochwertige interprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit und Unterstützung der Ärzte durch besonders qualifizierte Mitarbeiter einschließlich Delegation ursprünglich ärztlicher Aufgaben. Vergleichbar hierzu ist das Berufsbild des chirurgisch-technischen Assistenten. Für diesen gibt es unterschiedliche Qualifizierungswege: von der grundständigen Ausbildung über Weiterbildungslehrgänge bis hin zum Bachelor-Studium des Physician Assistant. Die Bundesärztekammer hat in den letzten Jahren Rahmenvorgaben für ein Delegationsmodell Physician Assistant zur Arztentlastung und -unterstützung erarbeitet und auf dem diesjährigen 120. Deutschen Ärztetag verabschiedet. Es ist zu erwarten, dass nunmehr die Zahl der Physician Assistants deutlich steigt. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin hält einen Physician Assistant mit Spezialfach Atmungstherapie für grundsätzlich vorstellbar. Ob allerdings die bisherigen Weiterbildungslehrgänge dadurch vollständig ersetzt werden, erscheint fraglich. Zumindest vorübergehend werden evtl. Weiterbildungskonzepte auf unterschiedlichem Niveau nebeneinander existieren. Hinzu kommt, dass zwischenzeitlich in einem Bundesland eine staatlich anerkannte Pflegefachweiterbildung Atmungstherapie eingeführt wurde. Zukünftige Interessenten haben die Qual der Wahl.
Acute Exercise and Insulin Sensitivity in Boys: A Time-Course Study
Authors: Cockcroft Emma , Williams Craig , Weaver Hayley , O'Connor Amy , Jackman Sarah , Armstrong Neil , Barker Alan 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study examined the time course of adaptions in insulin sensitivity (IS) in adolescent boys after acute high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) and moderate-intensity exercise (MIE). Eight boys (15.1±0.4 y) completed three 3-day experimental trials in a randomised order: 1) 8×1 min cycling at 90% peak power with 75 s recovery (HIIE); 2) cycling at 90% of gas exchange threshold for a duration to match work during HIIE (MIE); and 3) rest (CON). Plasma [glucose] and [insulin] were measured before (PRE-Ex), 24 and 48 h post (24 h-POST, 48 h-POST) in a fasted state, and 40 min (POST-Ex) and 24 h (24 h-POST) post in response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). IS was estimated using the Cederholm (OGTT) and HOMA (fasted) indices. There was no change to HOMA at 24 h or 48 h-POST (all P>0.05). IS from the OGTT was higher POST-EX for HIIE compared to CON (17.4%, P=0.010, ES=1.06), and a non-significant increase in IS after MIE compared to CON (9.0%, P=0.14, ES=0.59). At 24 h-POST, IS was higher following both HIIE and MIE compared to CON (HIIE: P=0.019, 13.2%, ES=0.88; MIE: 9.7%, P=0.024, ES=0.65). In conclusion, improvements to IS after a single bout of HIIE and MIE persist up to 24 h after exercise when assessed by OGTT.
Time Course Change in Muscle Swelling: High-Intensity vs. Blood Flow Restriction Exercise
Authors: Freitas Eduardo , Poole Christopher , Miller Ryan , Heishman Aaron , Kaur Japneet , Bemben Debra , Bemben Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study determined the time course for changes in muscle swelling and plasma volume following high (HI) and low-intensity resistance exercise with blood-flow restriction (LI-BFR). Ten male participants (22.1±3.0 yrs) completed three experimental conditions: high-intensity exercise (HI - 80% of 1RM), low-intensity exercise with BFR (LI-BFR –20% of 1RM, and 160 mmHg of BFR), and control (CON – no exercise or BFR). Muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA), muscle thickness, thigh circumference, and percentage change in plasma volume (PV%∆) were measured. mCSA was significantly greater than rest values at 15 min post-exercise (p<0.01) for HI and LI-BFR, and at 75 min post-exercise (p<0.01) for HI. Muscle thickness was significantly greater than rest immediately post-exercise (p<0.01) and 30 min post-exercise (p<0.01) for HI and LI-BFR, and at 60 min post-exercise for HI (p=0.01). Muscle thickness was greater for BFR immediately post-exercise compared to HI (p=0.01) post-exercise. Thigh circumference was significantly greater from rest at 15 min post-exercise (p=0.01) and at 75 min post-exercise for both LI-BFR (p=0.03) and HI (p<0.01). PV%∆ significantly decreased from rest immediately post-exercise for both HI (p<0.01) and LI-BFR (p<0.01). In conclusion, BFR exercise induces changes in muscle swelling and plasma volume similar to those observed at high-intensities.
Dynamic Expression and the Role of BDNF in Exercise-induced Skeletal Muscle Regeneration
Authors: Yu Tao , Chang Yun , Gao Xiao , Li Han , Zhao Peng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBrain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a myokine. However, its role in skeletal muscle has not been well elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate its expression profile in skeletal muscle following downhill running and to explore its functions. Male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to sedentary and downhill running groups. Tail vein blood, total mRNA and protein from soleus muscle was obtained from rats at different time points post-exercise (1d, 3d, 5d, 7d and 14d). We found a significant elevation of BDNF mRNA level 5d and 7d post-exercise (p<0.05), increased BDNF protein level 1d, 3d, 7d and 14d post-exercise (p<0.05), and continuously elevated serum BDNF level (p<0.05). In addition, serum creatine kinase activity was increased 5d following exercise (p<0.05); expression of MyoD was elevated (p<0.05); disruption of myofibers and centralized nuclei in damaged myofibers were clearly observed 1d and 5d post-exercise, respectively. Moreover, AMPK phosphorylation was present 1d post-exercise (p<0.05), while AKT was phosphorylated for 5d post-exercise (p<0.05). In conclusion, downhill running induces a time-dependent up-regulation of BDNF in skeletal muscle, which is involved in exercise-induced skeletal muscle regeneration.
Praxiserfahrungen in der Arbeit mit Angehörigen bei der Umsetzung des Community Reinforcement And Family Training (CRAFT) in einer Suchtberatungsstelle
Authors: Köster-Sommer Maria , Pöltl-Knüppel Angelika 
Published: October 2017

ZusammenfassungDie Psychosoziale Beratungsstelle Nürtingen ist eine Suchtberatungsstelle in Trägerschaft des Landkreises Esslingen in Kooperation mit dem Kreisdiakonieverband Esslingen. 2016 waren 10,5% der Hilfesuchenden Angehörige von Suchtkranken. Um die Inanspruchnahme von Hilfeangeboten durch Angehörige zu erhöhen und um eine Anbindung des Indexpatienten (IP, Betroffener mit einem Suchtproblem) an das suchtspezifische Hilfesystem zu erleichtern, wurde Anfang 2014 in der Nürtinger Suchtberatungsstelle das CRAFT-Programm (Community Reinforcement and Family Training) eingeführt. Die Arbeit mit dem CRAFT-Programm sieht Einzelberatung von Angehörigen in mehreren verhaltenstherapeutisch und systemisch ausgerichteten Modulen vor. Seit der Einführung von CRAFT in die Arbeit der Suchtberatungsstelle Nürtingen hat sich die Anzahl der betreuten Angehörigen um 35,4% im Vergleich zu 2013 erhöht. Die Anzahl der Angehörigen, die mehr als einen Beratungskontakt wahrnahmen, nahm um das 2,6-fache gegenüber 2013 zu. Zudem konnten die meisten initial nicht motivierten IPs zu mindestens einem Kontakt zum Suchthilfesystem motiviert werden. Bei allen Angehörigen konnte eine Verbesserung der eigenen Lebensqualität erreicht werden. Die konsequente Arbeit mit den CRAFT-Modulen erfordert zusätzliche Personalkapazitäten.
Stress Fracture Influences Bone Resorption marker (u-NTX) in Female Long Distance Runners
Authors: Fujita Shimpei , Sakuraba Keishoku , Kubota Atsushi , Wakamatsu Kenta , Koikawa Natsue 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIn this study, we aim to clarify the influence based on bone resorption markers at onset of stress fracture. Also, we will clarify the state of the bone resorption markers of female long distance runners who have a history of stress fracture and also ones who routinely practices running long distances. Participants comprised 19 female long distance athletes. The survey period was 2011–2014, and we measured u-NTX as a bone resorption marker at least twice a year, taking the mean±SD of the periodic measured values without stress fracture as the mean value. Measurements were collected sample when stress fractures developed. 132 u-NTX measurements were taken from 19 participants. As a result, the average was 41.03±12.31 nmolBCE/mmolCRE (Q1: 33.15, Q2: 40.55, Q3: 47.95). In six of the 19 participants, u-NTX could be measured following a stress fracture. The mean value of u-NTX for those participants was 40.16±9.10 nmolBCE/mmolCRE, increasing to 64.08±16.07 nmolBCE/mmol CRE with the stress fracture (p<0.01). The findings showed that, in adult female long distance runners, u-NTX values when there was no stress fracture were within the standard value for mean premenopausal women, but increased when the athletes suffered from a stress fracture.
Construct Validity of Accelerometry-Derived Force to Quantify Basketball Movement Patterns
Authors: Staunton Craig , Wundersitz Daniel , Gordon Brett , Kingsley Michael 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis study assessed the construct validity of accelerometry-derived net force to quantify the external demands of basketball movements. Twenty-eight basketballers completed the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test (Yo-Yo-IR1) and basketball exercise simulation test (BEST). Intensity was quantified using accelerometry-derived average net force (AvFNet) and PlayerLoadTM per minute (PL/min). Within-player correlations were determined between intensity and running speed during Yo-Yo-IR1. Measured AvFNet was determined for movements during the BEST and predicted AvFNet was calculated using movement speed and correlations from Yo-Yo-IR1. Relationships between AvFNet and running speed during Yo-Yo-IR1 were nearly perfect (r2=0.95, 95% CI: 0.94–0.96; p<0.001) and stronger than correlations between running speed and PL/min (r2=0.80, 95% CI: 0.73–0.87; p<0.001). Differences between measured and predicted AvFNet were small during jogging and running (<1%), but large for basketball movements including jumping, change-of-direction and shuffling (15%–41%). As hypothesised, AvFNet differed by playing position (11%–16%; p<0.001) and reflected the additional demand upon players with larger body mass and lower movement efficiency. Both sprint speed and AvFNet reduced during the course of the BEST (p≤0.013). These findings confirm the construct validity of AvFNet to quantify the external demand of basketball movements. Accelerometry-derived net force has the potential to quantify the external demands of basketballers during training and competition.
34.1.2.6 Synthesis by Substitution of Metals (Update 2016)
Authors: Shevchuk M. , Röschenthaler G.-V. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis update summarizes recent developments in the synthesis of organic compounds with one C—F bond by substitution of metals. Because classical organometallic reagents, such as organolithiums and organomagnesiums, are highly basic and tend to decompose typical “F+” sources, their application as substrates for electrophilic fluorination has been limited. Instead, new approaches utilizing either mild organometalloid precursors, such as organoboron compounds, or transition-metal-mediated transformations have been brought into focus. These state-of-the-art approaches form the main part of this review.
34.1.4.2.9 Synthesis by Substitution of Hydroxy Groups in Alcohols (Update 2016)
Authors: Vandamme M. , Paquin J.-F. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis chapter is an update to the earlier Science of Synthesis contribution describing methods for the synthesis of fluoroalkanes by substitution of hydroxy groups in alcohols. It focuses on the literature published in the period 2005–2015.
Effects of chemical composite, puffing temperature and intermediate moisture content on physical properties of potato and apple slices
Authors: Tabtaing S , Paengkanya S , Tanthong P 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Puffing technique is the process that can improve texture and volumetric of crisp fruit and vegetable. However, the effect of chemical composite in foods on puffing characteristics is still lack of study. Therefore, potato and apple slices were comparative study on their physical properties. Potato and apple were sliced into 2.5 mm thickness and 2.5 cm in diameter. Potato slices were treated by hot water for 2 min while apple slices were not treatment. After that, they were dried in 3 steps. First step, they were dried by hot air at temperature of 90°C until their moisture content reached to 30, 40, and 50 % dry basis. Then they were puffed by hot air at temperature of 130, 150, and 170°C for 2 min. Finally, they were dried again by hot air at temperature of 90°C until their final moisture content reached to 4% dry basis. The experimental results showed that chemical composite of food affected on physical properties of puffed product. Puffed potato had higher volume ratio than those puffed apple because potato slices contains starch. The higher starch content provided more hard texture of potato than those apples. Puffing temperature and moisture content strongly affected on the color, volume ratio, and textural properties of puffed potato slices. In addition, the high drying rate of puffed product observed at high puffing temperature and higher moisture content.
Computational tools for plant small RNA detection and categorization
Authors: Morgado Lionel , Johannes Frank 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are important short-length molecules with regulatory functions essential for plant development and plasticity. High-throughput sequencing of total sRNA populations has revealed that the largest share of sRNA remains uncategorized. To better understand the role of sRNA-mediated cellular regulation, it is necessary to create accurate and comprehensive catalogues of sRNA and their sequence features, a task that currently relies on nontrivial bioinformatic approaches. Although a large number of computational tools have been developed to predict features of sRNA sequences, these tools are mostly dedicated to microRNAs and none integrates the functionalities necessary to describe units from all sRNA pathways thus far discovered in plants. Here, we review the different classes of sRNA found in plants and describe available bioinformatics tools that can help in their detection and categorization.
Rational Complexity-One $\boldsymbol{T}$-Varieties Are Well-Poised
Authors: Ilten Nathan , Manon Christopher 
Published: October 2017

AbstractGiven an affine rational complexity-one $T$-variety $X$, we construct an explicit embedding of $X$ in affine space ${\mathbb{A}}^n$. We show that this embedding is well-poised, that is, every initial ideal of $I_X$ is a prime ideal, and we determine the tropicalization ${\mathrm{Trop}}(X^\circ)$. We then study valuations of the coordinate ring $R_X$ of $X$ which respect the torus action, showing that for full rank valuations, the natural generators of $R_X$ form a Khovanskii basis. This allows us to determine Newton–Okounkov bodies of rational projective complexity-one $T$-varieties, partially recovering (and generalizing) results of Petersen. We apply our results to describe all integral special fibres of ${\mathbb{K}}^*\times T$-equivariant degenerations of rational projective complexity-one $T$-varieties, generalizing a result of Süß and Ilten.
Improved Algorithmic Complexity for the 3SEQ Recombination Detection Algorithm
Authors: Lam Ha Minh , Ratmann Oliver , Boni Maciej F 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIdentifying recombinant sequences in an era of large genomic databases is challenging as it requires an efficient algorithm to identify candidate recombinants and parents, as well as appropriate statistical methods to correct for the large number of comparisons performed. In 2007, a computation was introduced for an exact nonparametric mosaicism statistic that gave high-precision P values for putative recombinants. This exact computation meant that multiple-comparisons corrected P values also had high precision, which is crucial when performing millions or billions of tests in large databases. Here, we introduce an improvement to the algorithmic complexity of this computation from O(mn3) to O(mn2), where m and n are the numbers of recombination-informative sites in the candidate recombinant. This new computation allows for recombination analysis to be performed in alignments with thousands of polymorphic sites. Benchmark runs are presented on viral genome sequence alignments, new features are introduced, and applications outside recombination analysis are discussed.
Simone de Beauvoir on Love
Authors: Cleary Skye C. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The best kind of love is authentic love. To love authentically involves respecting one another’s freedom, being tender and caring, and supporting each other’s independent projects. This is what Simone de Beauvoir argued, and to some degree practiced. The problem, as she saw it, was that throughout history, few have loved authentically, primarily because of women’s oppressive situation. Her existential philosophy—which foregrounds freedom from oppression and freedom to choose how to live—underpins everything she says about the challenges of loving well. Beauvoir argues that lesbian relationships and friendships point to ways in which we can transcend the bounds of traditional loving roles and expectations and realize something closer to her ideal of mature reciprocal nonsadistic, nonmasochistic mutual respect. Nevertheless, her nonsystematic approach creates tensions between freedom and commitment, marriage and authentic loving, and pragmatic means and existential ends.
Ecology
Authors: Irwin Kevin W. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The chapter surveys the statements and initiatives on ecology developed within and issued by the World Council of Churches, the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople, and the Roman Catholic Church. It finds care for creation to be a concern to which churches have responded both through individual initiatives and by ecumenical dialogue. It identifies 1989–1990 as a watershed when statements and initiatives began to develop ecological teachings centred on the creative activity of the Trinity, the responsibility of members of the church as stewards and priests of creation, and the centrality of prayer and liturgy—especially the Eucharist—in care for creation. Finally, it indicates avenues for further ecumenical dialogue and offers suggestions for action, focusing in particular on sacramentality and a sacramental view of the world, and highlighting the ecclesiological importance of contributions, initiatives, and statements from local churches.