bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Smith's fracture generally occurs after falling on the palm of the hand
Authors: Matsuura Yusuke , Rokkaku Tomoyuki , Kuniyoshi Kazuki , Takahashi Kazuhisa , Suzuki Takane , Kanazuka Aya , Akasaka Tomoyo , Hirosawa Naoya , Iwase Maki , Yamazaki Atsuro , Orita Sumihisa , Ohtori Seiji 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTOrthopedic trauma surgeons often encounter Smith's fracture in patients who report that they have fallen on the palms of their hands. The aim of this study was to clarify the pathogenesis of Smith's fracture in basic clinical aspects. First, a survey was conducted for investigating the mechanism of injury and arm position at the time of injury among patients with Smith's fractures who consulted at our outpatient clinic. Second, we created three‐dimensional finite element models (FEMs) to predict the influence of arm position on the type of injury resulting from a fall. These predictions were then used in ten freshly frozen cadavers to provide experimental proof of Smith's fractures resulting from the impact on the palmar side. Twenty‐six patients (5 males and 21 females) with Smith's fractures were enrolled in this study. Injury resulting from a fall on the palm of the hand, the dorsum, or ulno‐dorsum of the hand, and fisting handle was observed in 16 cases (61%), 3 cases (12%), and 1 case (4%), respectively. Six patients were uncertain of their arm position at the time of injury. FEM analysis showed that Smith's fractures occurred when the angle between the long axis of the forearm and the ground was 30°–45° in the sagittal plane and 75°–90° in the coronal plane. Smith's fractures occurred in 7 of 10 wrists in the experimental study, whereas no Colles’ fractures were observed. This study demonstrated that Smith's fracture results from falling on the palm of the hand. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:2435–2441, 2017.
Gold nanoparticles based solid‐phase microextraction coatings for determining organochlorine pesticides in aqueous environmental samples
Authors: Gutiérrez‐Serpa Adrián , Rocío‐Bautista Priscilla , Pino Verónica , Jiménez‐Moreno Francisco , Jiménez‐Abizanda Ana I. 
Published: March 2017

The use of solid‐phase microextraction coatings based on gold nanoparticles was investigated, focusing the attention on the preparation of nanoparticles with nonclassical reduction agents of HAuCl4 such as gallic acid and H2O2, rather than the conventional sodium citrate. All nanoparticles were characterized by diode array spectroscopy, whereas novel nanoparticles prepared with gallic acid and H2O2 were also characterized by microscopic techniques. Solid‐phase microextraction coatings were prepared with a layer‐by‐layer approach. Gallic acid permitted the preparation of stable nanoparticles with milder experimental conditions (1 min, room temperature) and provided the most uniform coatings (thickness ∼3 μm). Seven organochlorine pesticides were determined in different environmental waters using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Despite the low thickness of the coatings, limits of detection of the entire method down to 0.13 μg/L were obtained. A comparison with the commercial polyacrylate in terms of the partition coefficients of the analytes to the coatings gave logarithm of the partition coefficient values two times higher with gallic acid than polyacrylate (although the commercial fiber is 28 times thicker). Interfiber relative standard deviation values ranged from 8.67 to 21.3%. Optimum fibers also presented an adequate lifetime (>100 extractions).
A phantom study to determine the theoretical accuracy and precision of radial MRI to measure cross‐sectional area differences for the application of coronary endothelial function assessment
Authors: Yerly Jérôme , Gubian Danilo , Knebel Jean‐Francois , Schenk Ali , Chaptinel Jerome , Ginami Giulia , Stuber Matthias 
Published: March 2017

PurposeMRI has been used to noninvasively assess coronary endothelial function by measuring the vasoreactivity in response to handgrip exercise. However, the spatial resolution of MRI is limited relative to the expected vasodilation response of healthy coronary arteries (10%–20%), and the sensitivity of MRI to detect such small cross‐sectional area differences has yet to be quantitatively examined.MethodsHoles of different diameters were drilled in a phantom to simulate a range of physiological responses of coronary arteries to stress. Radial cine MR images with different spatial resolutions were acquired under moving conditions, and different noise levels were simulated. Cross‐sectional areas were automatically measured and statistically analyzed to quantify the smallest detectable area difference.ResultsStatistical analyses suggest that radial MRI is capable of distinguishing area differences of 0.2 to 0.3 mm2 for high signal‐to‐noise ratio images, which correspond to a percentage coronary area difference of 3% to 4% for a 3‐mm baseline diameter. Furthermore, the smallest detectable area difference was largely independent of the pixel size for the sequence and range of diameters investigated in this study.ConclusionRadial MRI is capable of reliably detecting small differences in cross‐sectional areas that are well within the expected physiological range of stress‐induced area changes in of healthy coronary arteries. Magn Reson Med 79:108–120, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Tracking discrete off‐resonance markers with three spokes (trackDOTS) for compensation of head motion and B0 perturbations: Accuracy and performance in anatomical imaging
Authors: Jorge João , Gretsch Frédéric , Gallichan Daniel , Marques José P. 
Published: March 2017

PurposeTo develop a novel approach for head motion and B0 field monitoring based on tracking discrete off‐resonance markers with three spokes (trackDOTS).MethodsSmall markers filled with acetic acid were built and attached to a head cap. Marker positions and phase were tracked with fast MR navigators (DotNavs) consisting of three off‐resonance, double‐echo, orthogonal one‐dimensional projections. Individual marker signals were extracted using optimized coil combinations, and used to estimate head motion and field perturbations. To evaluate the approach, DotNavs were integrated in submillimeter MP2RAGE and long–echo time gradient‐echo sequences at 7 Tesla, and tested on six healthy volunteers.ResultsThe DotNav‐based motion estimates differed by less than 0.11 ± 0.09 mm and 0.19 ± 0.17 ° from reference estimates obtained with an existing navigator approach (FatNavs). Retrospective motion correction brought clear improvements to MP2RAGE image quality, even in cases with submillimeter involuntary motion. The DotNav‐based field estimates could track deep breathing–induced oscillations, and in cases with small head motion, field correction visibly improved the gradient‐echo data quality. Conversely, field estimates were less robust when strong motion was present.ConclusionsThe trackDOTS approach is suitable for head‐motion tracking and correction, with significant benefits for high‐spatial‐resolution MRI. With small head motion, DotNav‐based field estimates also allow correcting for deep‐breathing artifacts in T2*–weighted acquisitions. Magn Reson Med 79:160–171, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Analysis of Monte Carlo accelerated iterative methods for sparse linear systems
Authors: Benzi Michele , Evans Thomas M. , Hamilton Steven P. , Lupo Pasini Massimiliano , Slattery Stuart R. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryWe consider hybrid deterministic‐stochastic iterative algorithms for the solution of large, sparse linear systems. Starting from a convergent splitting of the coefficient matrix, we analyze various types of Monte Carlo acceleration schemes applied to the original preconditioned Richardson (stationary) iteration. These methods are expected to have considerable potential for resiliency to faults when implemented on massively parallel machines. We establish sufficient conditions for the convergence of the hybrid schemes, and we investigate different types of preconditioners including sparse approximate inverses. Numerical experiments on linear systems arising from the discretization of partial differential equations are presented.
Optimal control for discrete‐time systems with actuator saturation
Authors: Lin Qiao , Wei Qinglai , Zhao Bo 
Published: March 2017

SummaryIn this study, we use generalized policy iteration approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm to design an optimal controller for a class of discrete‐time systems with actuator saturation. A integral function is proposed to manage the saturation nonlinearity in actuators and then the generalized policy iteration ADP algorithm is developed to deal with the optimal control problem. Compared with other algorithm, the developed ADP algorithm includes 2 iteration procedures. In the present control scheme, 2 neural networks are introduced to approximate the control law and performance index function. Furthermore, numerical simulations illustrate the convergence and feasibility of the developed method.
The factor structure and use of theDemoralization Scale(DS‐IT) in Italian cancer patients
Authors: Grassi Luigi , Costantini Anna , Kissane David , Brunetti Serena , Caruso Rosangela , Piazza Giulia , Marchetti Paolo , Sabato Silvana , Nanni Maria Giulia 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectiveDemoralization is a commonly observed syndrome in cancer patients, deserving to be carefully assessed in cross‐cultural contexts.AimsTo examine the factor structure and concurrent and divergent validity of the Italian version of the Demoralization Scale (DS‐IT) in cancer patients.MethodsThe sample included 194 Italian cancer outpatients who were assessed by using the DS‐IT and the Diagnostic Criteria of Psychosomatic Research–Demoralization module to examine demoralization. The Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ‐9) to explore depression and the Mini‐Mental Adjustment‐to‐Cancer–Hopelessness/Helplessness scale (Mini‐MAC‐HH) to explore maladaptive coping were also administered.ResultsFour factors were extracted by exploratory factor analysis on the DS‐IT (disheartenment, α = .87; sense of failure, α = .77; dysphoria, α = .73; loss of meaning/purpose, α = .72; total = 0.91), accounting for 57.1% of the variance. The DS‐IT factors shared between 17% and 36% of the variance. Patients reporting a diagnosis of demoralization on the Diagnostic Criteria of Psychosomatic Research–Demoralization module (23.7%) had higher scores on DS‐IT loss of meaning/purpose, sense of failure, dysphoria, and DS‐IT total. About half of those who were highly demoralized were not depressed and among those who had moderate or moderately severe demoralization, about 80% were not depressed on the PHQ‐9. The DS‐IT was significantly associated with PHQ‐9 and Mini‐MAC‐HH.ConclusionsThe study presents further evidence that demoralization is a significant clinical condition and that the DS‐IT demonstrates satisfactory levels of validity and reliability to support its use in patients in the ambulatory cancer setting.
Balanced covariates with response adaptive randomization
Authors: Saville Benjamin R. , Berry Scott M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractResponse adaptive randomization (RAR) methods for clinical trials are susceptible to imbalance in the distribution of influential covariates across treatment arms. This can make the interpretation of trial results difficult, because observed differences between treatment groups may be a function of the covariates and not necessarily because of the treatments themselves. We propose a method for balancing the distribution of covariate strata across treatment arms within RAR. The method uses odds ratios to modify global RAR probabilities to obtain stratum‐specific modified RAR probabilities. We provide illustrative examples and a simple simulation study to demonstrate the effectiveness of the strategy for maintaining covariate balance. The proposed method is straightforward to implement and applicable to any type of RAR method or outcome.
Rapid analysis of forensic‐related samples using two ambient ionization techniques coupled to high‐resolution mass spectrometers
Authors: Jagerdeo Eshwar , Wriston Amanda 
Published: March 2017

RationaleThis paper highlights the versatility of interfacing two ambient ionization techniques, Laser Diode Thermal Desorption (LDTD) and Atmospheric Solids Analysis Probe (ASAP), to high‐resolution mass spectrometers and demonstrate the method's capability to rapidly generate high‐quality data from multiple sample types with minimal, if any, sample preparation.MethodsFor ASAP‐MS analysis of solid and liquid samples, the material was transferred to a capillary surface before being introduced into the mass spectrometer. For LDTD‐MS analysis, samples were solvent extracted, spotted in a 96‐well plate, and the solvent was evaporated before being introduced into the mass spectrometer. All analyses were performed using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization in positive mode.ResultsSeven consumer "Spice" packets were combined and analyzed by both ASAP and LDTD, which identified 11 synthetic cannabinoids/cathinones by full MS and MS/MS experiments. To further show the usefulness of these techniques, black tar heroin was analyzed, which resulted in the identification of heroin and its impurities (monoacetylmorphine, papaverine, and noscapine). These experiments were performed on the LTQ‐Orbitrap to demonstrate the ability to perform both parallel and serial MS and MSn experiments.ConclusionsInterfacing LDTD and ASAP to high‐resolution mass spectrometers allows for expeditious analysis of a wide range of samples, with minimal or no sample preparation. Both allow for rapid full scan, MS/MS, and/or MSn experiments from a single sample introduction. Published in 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Improving the analyte ion signal in matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry via electrospray deposition by enhancing incorporation of the analyte in the matrix
Authors: Malys Brian J. , Owens Kevin G. 
Published: March 2017

RationaleMatrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is widely used as the ionization method in high‐resolution chemical imaging studies that seek to visualize the distribution of analytes within sectioned biological tissues. This work extends the use of electrospray deposition (ESD) to apply matrix with an additional solvent spray to incorporate and homogenize analyte within the matrix overlayer.MethodsAnalytes and matrix are sequentially and independently applied by ESD to create a sample from which spectra are collected, mimicking a MALDI imaging mass spectrometry (IMS) experiment. Subsequently, an incorporation spray consisting of methanol is applied by ESD to the sample and another set of spectra are collected. The spectra prior to and after the incorporation spray are compared to evaluate the improvement in the analyte signal.ResultsPrior to the incorporation spray, samples prepared using α‐cyano‐4‐hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) and 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) as the matrix showed low signal while the sample using sinapinic acid (SA) initially exhibited good signal. Following the incorporation spray, the sample using SA did not show an increase in signal; the sample using DHB showed moderate gain factors of 2–5 (full ablation spectra) and 12–336 (raster spectra), while CHCA samples saw large increases in signal, with gain factors of 14–172 (full ablation spectra) and 148–1139 (raster spectra).ConclusionsThe use of an incorporation spray to apply solvent by ESD to a matrix layer already deposited by ESD provides an increase in signal by both promoting incorporation of the analyte within and homogenizing the distribution of the incorporated analyte throughout the matrix layer. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation in δ15N and δ13C values of forages for Arctic caribou: effects of location, phenology and simulated digestion
Authors: Vansomeren Lindsay L. , Barboza Perry S. , Gustine David D. , Syndonia Bret‐Harte M. 
Published: March 2017

RationaleThe use of stable isotopes for dietary estimates of wildlife assumes that there are consistent differences in isotopic ratios among diet items, and that the differences in these ratios between the diet item and the animal tissues (i.e., fractionation) are predictable. However, variation in isotopic ratios and fractionation of δ13C and δ15N values among locations, seasons, and forages are poorly described for arctic herbivores especially migratory species such as caribou (Rangifer tarandus).MethodsWe measured the δ13C and δ15N values of seven species of forage growing along a 200‐km transect through the range of the Central Arctic caribou herd on the North Slope of Alaska over 2 years. We compared forages available at the beginning (May; n = 175) and the end (n = 157) of the growing season (September). Purified enzymes were used to measure N digestibility and to assess isotopic fractionation in response to nutrient digestibility during simulated digestion.ResultsValues for δ13C declined by 1.38 ‰ with increasing latitude across the transect, and increased by 0.44 ‰ from the beginning to the end of the season. The range of values for δ15N was greater than that for δ13C (13.29 vs 5.60 ‰). Differences in values for δ13C between graminoids (Eriophorum and Carex spp.) and shrubs (Betula and Salix spp.) were small but δ15N values distinguished graminoids (1.87 ± 1.02 ‰) from shrubs (−2.87 ± 2.93 ‰) consistently across season and latitude. However, undigested residues of forages were enriched in 15N when the digestibility of N was less than 0.67.ConclusionsAlthough δ15N values can distinguish plant groups in the diet of arctic herbivores, variation in the digestibility of dietary items may need to be considered in applying fractionation values for 15N to caribou and other herbivores that select highly digestible items (e.g. forbs) as well as heavily defended plants (e.g. woody browse). Published in 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Generative Anatomy Modeling Language (GAML)
Authors: Demirel Doga , Yu Alexander , Baer‐Cooper Seth , Halic Tansel , Bayrak Coskun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents the Generative Anatomy Modeling Language (GAML) for generating variation of 3D virtual human anatomy in real‐time. This framework provides a set of operators for modification of a reference base 3D anatomy. The perturbation of the 3D models is satisfied with nonlinear geometry constraints to create an authentic human anatomy.MethodsGAML was used to create 3D difficult anatomical scenarios for virtual simulation of airway management techniques such as Endotracheal Intubation (ETI) and Cricothyroidotomy (CCT). Difficult scenarios for each technique were defined and the model variations procedurally created with GAML.ConclusionThis study presents details of the GAML design, set of operators, types of constraints. Cases of CCT and ETI difficulty were generated and confirmed by expert surgeons. Execution performance pertaining to an increasing complexity of constraints using nonlinear programming was in real‐time execution.
Regelwerke für die Werkstoffauswahl und Dauerhaftigkeit von nichtrostenden Stählen für Stahlbauten – Entwicklung und aktueller Stand
Authors: Mietz Jürgen , Burkert Andreas 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEine der wesentlichsten Veränderungen der im Oktober 2015 erschienenen Neufassung der DIN EN 1993‐1‐4 findet sich im Anhang A „Werkstoffauswahl und Dauerhaftigkeit”. Im Gegensatz zur Vorgängerversion ist dieser Anhang jetzt normativ. Mit Hilfe eines Punktesystems, das die wichtigsten Einwirkungsparameter der relevanten Expositionsbedingungen berücksichtigt, wird eine Korrosionsbeständigkeitsklasse ermittelt, mit deren Hilfe man eine geeignete Legierung auswählen kann. Dieses Verfahren bietet eine zuverlässige Methode für Planer auch ohne spezielle Kenntnisse auf dem Gebiet der Korrosion bzw. der nichtrostenden Stähle. Die Arbeit geht auch auf Unterschiede sowie Gemeinsamkeiten mit der bisher in Deutschland gültigen allgemeinen bauaufsichtlichen Zulassung Z‐30.3.6 ein.
‘Form is easy, meaning is hard’ revisited: (re) characterizing the strengths and weaknesses of language in children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Naigles Letitia R. , Tek Saime 
Published: March 2017

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) demonstrate impairments in social interaction and communication, and in repetitive/stereotypical behaviors. The degree to which children withASDalso manifest impairments in structural language—such as lexicon and grammar—is currently quite controversial. We reframe this controversy in terms of Naigles’ (Naigles,Cognition2002, 86: 157–199) ‘form is easy, meaning is hard’ thesis, and propose that the social difficulties of children withASDwill lead the meaning‐related components of their language to be relatively more impaired than the form‐related components. Our review of the extant literature supports this proposal, with studies (1) reporting that children withASDdemonstrate significant challenges in the areas of pragmatics and lexical/semantic organization and (2) highlighting their good performance on grammatical assessments ranging from wh‐questions to reflexive pronouns. Studies on children withASDwho might have a co‐morbid grammatical impairment are discussed in light of the absence of relevant lexical‐semantic data from the same children. Most importantly, we present direct comparisons of assessments of lexical/semantic organization and grammatical knowledge from the same children from our laboratory, all of which find more children at a given age demonstrating grammatical knowledge than semantic organization. We conclude with a call for additional research in which in‐depth grammatical knowledge and detailed semantic organization are assessed in the same children.WIREs Cogn Sci2017, 8:e1438. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1438This article is categorized under:Linguistics > Language AcquisitionLinguistics > Language in Mind and BrainNeuroscience > Development
EDXRF analysis of gold jewelry from the Archaeological Museum of Taranto, Italy
Authors: Buccolieri A. , Castellano A. , Degl'Innocenti E. , Cesareo R. , Casciaro R. , Buccolieri G. 
Published: March 2017

Forty‐six ancient gold jewelry, known as ‘Ori di Taranto’ and dated in Hellenistic period (VII–VI century bc), were found in Taranto (Southern Italy) and, nowadays, are exhibited in the National Archaeological Museum.These artifacts have never been analyzed, few information are reported in the bibliography, and nothing is known about their chemical composition.The aim of our work is to determine the chemical composition of the alloy and of eventual decorations present on the objects by using non‐destructive, non‐invasive, and in situ analysis. In particular, the samples were studied by energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescence.Most of the analyzed samples show approximately same composition of the alloy (gold, silver, and copper, respectively equal to 96.3 ± 2.0% wt, 2.8 ± 1.9% wt, and 0.9 ± 0.3% wt) except nine samples.Multivariate statistical analysis was carried out in order to identify possible correlations and/or differences of alloy composition among the analyzed samples. Experimental results obtained could be compared with other jewelry of the same historical period, and therefore, this study can help to understand the type of processing of gold jewelry in the Hellenistic period. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.