bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the effect of high hydrostatic pressure on the refrigerated stability of avocado puree
Authors: Uzunlu Sinan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to extend refrigerated stability of locally grown avocado fruit by applying High Hydrostatic Pressure (HHP) treatment. HHP was applied at 600 MPa for 3 min to avocado puree and stored at 4 °C for 28 days. Physicochemical (colour CIE L*, a*, b*, total oil amount, chlorophyll, pH, moisture) and microbiological (mesophilic, yeast-mould) analyses were performed at seven-day intervals on both control (untreated) and HHP-treated sample packs. It could be judged that HHP treatment effectively controlled the colour indices, preventing undesired changes during the cold storage period of avocado puree. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that HHP-processed avocado puree exhibited stability for 28 days compared to unprocessed puree at 4 °C. The shelf-life stability of avocado puree under chilled conditions was extended from 7 to 28 days.
Graphical Abstract
Agro-morphological genetic diversity assessment of Amaranthus genotypes from Ethiopia based on qualitative traits
Authors: Yeshitila Mekonnen , Gedebo Andargachew , Tesfaye Bizuayehu , Degu Hewan Demissie 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Amaranths are a promising plant in the family of Amaranthaceae because of their nutritional and functional properties, such as their high antioxidant content and dietary fiber content. However, it's being disregarded for several reasons, such as ignorance, a lack of in-depth research, and the plant's long-term genetic growth in Ethiopia, among other factors. In the current work, we described the genetic diversity of 120 amaranth genotypes using qualitative criteria. The experiment, which was configured with an alpha lattice design and duplicated twice, was run for two seasons in 2020 and 2021. Twenty qualitative descriptors were looked for in the gathered data. Among the 20 qualitative variables that were assessed, the chi-square test result indicated the presence of prevailing phenotypic variation. The results of the agro-morphological characterization also revealed a significant amount of variance. The overall mean of the Shannon diversity indices (H') was 0.61. The indices for germination rate, leaf margin, prominence of leaf veins, and the existence of auxiliary inflorescence varied from 0.12 to 0.99. The estimated diversity indices showed more intra-regional diversity (0.66) than inter-regional diversity (0.34), demonstrating the existence of gene flow between growing regions. Shannon–Weaver Diversity Index, ranged from 0.00 for auxiliary inflorescence to 1.94 for leaf coloration, with an overall mean of 19 characters (95%) that were found to have high diversity (> 0.76) while auxiliary inflorescence was invariant. Except for auxiliary inflorescence, all qualitative features showed a lot of variation. Additionally,
Amaranthus hybridus L. subsp. cruentus
(L.) Theil recorded the greatest Shannon diversity index (0.47) while Amaranthus spinosus L. recorded the lowest (0.00). The hierarchical clustering grouped all the genotypes into three clusters. The first cluster included the most genotypes (58), followed by the second (47), and the third cluster contained the fewest (15). Principal component analysis showed that the first six principal components with eigenvalues greater than one contributed 72% of the variability among genotypes. The study unequivocally demonstrated that, even when the genotypes were grouped into a small number of clusters, there was still enough divergence within the clusters to demonstrate the genotypes of amaranth to have a high genetic diversity. These results indicate that there is substantial genetic diversity among Ethiopian amaranth genotypes, which should be safeguarded and may be utilized in breeding in the future.
Associations between C-reactive protein and individual symptoms of depression in a lower-middle income country
Authors: Fellows Elise , Jones Brett D. M. , Hodsoll John , Husain Nusrat , Khoso Ameer B. , Young Allan H. , Chaudhry Imran B. , Husain M. Ishrat 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundData on associations between inflammation and depressive symptoms largely originate from high income population settings, despite the greatest disease burden in major depressive disorder being attributed to populations in lower-middle income countries (LMICs).AimsWe assessed the prevalence of low-grade inflammation in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) in Pakistan, an LMIC, and investigated associations between peripheral C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and depressive symptoms.MethodThis is a secondary analysis of two randomised controlled trials investigating adjunctive immunomodulatory agents (minocycline and simvastatin) for Pakistani adults with TRD (n= 191). Logistic regression models were built to assess the relationship between pre-treatment CRP (≥ or <3 mg/L) and individual depressive symptoms measured using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Descriptive statistics and regression were used to assess treatment response for inflammation-associated symptoms.ResultsHigh plasma CRP (≥3 mg/L) was detected in 87% (n= 146) of participants. Early night insomnia (odds ratio 2.33, 95% CI 1.16–5.25), early morning waking (odds ratio 2.65, 95% CI 1.29–6.38) and psychic anxiety (odds ratio 3.79, 95% CI 1.39–21.7) were positively associated, while gastrointestinal (odds ratio 0.38, 95% CI 0.14–0.86) and general somatic symptoms (odds ratio 0.34, 95% CI 0.14–0.74) were negatively associated with inflammation. Minocycline, but not simvastatin, improved symptoms positively associated with inflammation.ConclusionsThe prevalence of inflammation in this LMIC sample with TRD was higher than that reported in high income countries. Insomnia and anxiety symptoms may represent possible targets for personalised treatment with immunomodulatory agents in people with elevated CRP. These findings require replication in independent clinical samples.
Benefit of Whole-Pelvis Radiation for Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: An Inverse Probability Treatment Weighted Analysis
Authors: Marcq Gautier , Kool Ronald , Dragomir Alice , Kulkarni Girish S. , Breau Rodney H. , Kim Michael , Busca Ionut , Abdi Hamidreza , Dawidek Mark , Uy Michael , Fervaha Gagan , Alimohamed Nimira , Izawa Jonathan , Jeldres Claudio , Rendon Ricardo , Shayegan Bobby , Siemens Robert , Black Peter C. , Cury Fabio L. , Kassouf Wassim 
Published: October 2024

PURPOSE
The value of pelvic lymph node irradiation is debated for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) undergoing curative-intent radiation therapy (RT). We sought to compare the oncologic outcomes between bladder-only (BO)-RT and whole-pelvis (WP)-RT using a large Canadian multicenter collaborative database.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
The study cohort consisted of 809 patients with MIBC (cT2-4aN0-2M0) who underwent curative RT at academic centers across Canada. Patients were divided into two groups on the basis of the RT volume: WP-RT versus BO-RT. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and absolute standardized differences (ASDs) were used to balance covariates across treatment groups. Regression models were used to assess the effect of the RT volume on the rates of complete response (CR), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

After exclusion criteria, 599 patients were included, of whom 369 (61.6%) underwent WP-RT. Patients receiving WP-RT were younger (ASD, 0.41) and more likely to have an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-1 (ASD, 0.21), clinical node-positive disease (ASD, 0.40), and lymphovascular invasion (ASD, 0.25). In addition, WP-RT patients were more commonly treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (ASD, 0.29) and concurrent chemotherapy (ASD, 0.44). In the IPTW cohort, BO-RT and WP-RT groups were well balanced (all pretreatment parameters with an ASD <0.10). In multivariable analysis, WP-RT was not associated with CR rates post-RT (odds ratio, 1.14 [95 CI, 0.76 to 1.72];
P
= .526) but was associated with both CSS (hazard ratio [HR], 0.66 [95% CI, 0.47 to 0.93];
P
= .016) and OS (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.54 to 0.87];
P
= .002), independent of other prognostic factors.

CONCLUSION
Our study demonstrated that WP radiation was associated with better survival compared with bladder radiation alone after adjusted analysis. Additional randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm our findings.
Diagnostic Performance of Ultrasound vs Ultrasound-Guided FNAC in Thyroid Nodules: Data From the ElaTION Trial
Authors: Mehanna Hisham , Nankivell Paul , Boelaert Kristien , Woolley Rebecca , Sharma Neil , Sidhu Paul S , Madani Gitta , Da Forno Philip , Moreman Catherine , Palmer Andrew , Fulton-Lieuw Tessa , Taylor Judith , Rajaguru Kanchana , Bekker Jasper , Vaidhyanath Ram , Rehman Thaj , Deeks Jon 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Introduction
ElaTION is a large multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial, performed in 18 secondary/tertiary hospitals across England, comparing elastography ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration cytology (EUS-FNAC) with ultrasound-guided FNAC (US-FNAC) alone in the diagnostic assessment of thyroid nodules. Secondary trial outcomes, reported here, assessed the accuracy of ultrasound alone (US) compared with US-FNAC to inform and update current practice guidelines.

Methods
Adults with single or multiple thyroid nodules who had not undergone previous FNAC were eligible. Radiologists assessed all thyroid nodules using US alone, thereby enabling assessment of its accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) vs US-FNAC.

Results
Of the 982 participants, a final definitive diagnosis was obtained in 688, who were included in the final analyses. The sensitivity of US alone was the same as US-FNAC (0.91 [95% CI, 0.85-0.97] vs 0.87 [95% CI, 0.80-0.95] P = .37). US alone had statistically significant lower specificity than US-FNAC alone (0.48 vs 0.67 respectively, P &lt; .0001). The malignancy rate on histology in a nodule classified as benign on ultrasound (U2) was 9/263 (3.42%) and on cytology (Thy2) was 15/353 (4.25%), whereas the malignancy rate in a nodule that was benign on both (U2, Thy2) was 3/210 (1.43%). Malignancy risk for U3, U4, and U5 nodules was 68/304 (22.4%), 43/83 (51.8%), and 29/38 (76.3%), respectively (P &lt; .0001). Yet 80/982 (8%) patients were discharged despite having U3-U5 scans with Thy1 (nondiagnostic) FNAC and no definitive diagnosis.
Malignancy risk was higher in smaller nodules: &lt; 10 mm 23/60 (38.3%), 10-20 mm 46/162 (28.4%), and &gt;20 mm 80/466 (17.2%) (P &lt; .0001). Nodules with indeterminate cytology with atypical features (Thy3a) carried a similar malignancy risk to those with indeterminate cytology (Thy3/3f): 27/95 (28.4%) vs 42/113 (37.2%) respectively (P = .18).

Conclusion
Ultrasound alone appears to be an effective diagnostic modality in thyroid nodules, confirming the recommendations of recent guidelines and the British Thyroid Association classification. However, findings also suggest caution regarding existing recommendations for conservative management of nondiagnostic (Thy1/Bethesda I) and atypical (Thy3a/Bethesda III) nodules. In those cases, ultrasound (U3-U5) features may help identify high-risk subgroups for more proactive management.
Overexpression of NR1D1 Portends Disease Recurrence in Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Hsu Yi-Chiung , Kuo Chi-Yu , Chien Ming-Nan , Jhuang Jie-Yang , Huang Shih-Yuan , Chang Shao-Chiang , Cheng Shih-Ping 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Context
Dysregulation of circadian rhythms has been linked to cancer susceptibility. Thyroid cancer cells demonstrate altered circadian oscillations in endogenous clock transcripts.

Objective
Our previous research identified NR1D1, a component of the circadian clock, as one of the recurrence-associated genes in papillary thyroid cancer. The objective of this study was to investigate the expression pattern of NR1D1 in thyroid cancer and explore its prognostic and translational implications.

Methods
We assessed NR1D1 expression using immunohistochemical analysis and examined its correlation with clinicopathological parameters. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to elucidate the oncogenic roles of NR1D1 and potential mechanisms.

Results
Nuclear NR1D1 expression was present in thyroid follicular epithelial-derived cancers, whereas normal thyroid tissue and benign nodular goiter showed no detectable NR1D1 immunoreactivity. Patients with high expression of NR1D1 had more advanced disease stages, extrathyroidal extension, lymphovascular invasion, and shorter recurrence-free survival compared to those with low levels of NR1D1. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, we demonstrated that NR1D1 modulation affected the growth of organoids, resistance to anoikis, and the invasive and migratory capacity of thyroid cancer cells. The invasion-promoting effect of NR1D1 was regulated by the β-catenin/ZEB1 axis. Moreover, the overexpression of NR1D1 accelerated xenograft growth and lung metastasis in vivo.

Conclusion
NR1D1 is overexpressed in malignant thyroid tumors and has prognostic significance. Our findings suggest therapeutic potential in targeting NR1D1 for thyroid cancer.
Short Stature in Klinefelter Syndrome From Aggrecan Mutation
Authors: Farrell Antoinette , Sura Sunitha R 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Despite tall stature being a characteristic feature of Klinefelter syndrome, occasional cases of short stature have been reported. These cases are often attributed to GH deficiency. This case report details a unique case of a 16-year-old male with Klinefelter syndrome exhibiting proportionate short stature resulting from a heterozygous, likely pathogenic, variant in the ACAN gene c.7141G &gt; A (p.Asp2381Asn). This specific variant, previously identified once in a family with a recessive inheritance pattern is reported here for the first time in an individual with Klinefelter syndrome. This report emphasizes the importance of a thorough evaluation and consideration of genetic testing for an underlying diagnosis in short-statured individuals with Klinefelter syndrome. Timely detection would enable appropriate therapeutic interventions.
Ablation of PC1/3 in POMC-Expressing Tissues but Not in Immune Cells Induces Sepsis Hypersensitivity
Authors: Moeller Jana , Meier Daniel T 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Prohormone convertase 1/3 (PC1/3) is an endopeptidase required for the processing of neuropeptide and endocrine peptide precursors; it is expressed in neuroendocrine tissues as well as in immune cells. In response to endotoxemia, global PC1/3 knockout mice mount a cytokine storm and die rapidly. Further, immune cells isolated from these mice have a pro-inflammatory signature, suggesting that PC1/3 activates an unknown anti-inflammatory peptide precursor in immune cells. Here, we tested this hypothesis using tissue-specific PC1/3 ablation models. Knocking out PC1/3 in the myeloid or the hematopoietic compartment did not induce any phenotype. In contrast, proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-specific PC1/3 knockout mice phenocopied global PC1/3 knockout mice, including an enlarged spleen size and a hyperinflammatory sepsis phenotype in response to mild endotoxemia. This phenotype was prevented by steroid therapy and mimicked by blocking corticoid receptors in wild-type mice. Thus, our data suggest that sepsis hypersensitivity in PC1/3 deficiency is uncoupled from immune cell intrinsic PC1/3 expression and is driven by a lack of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoids due to an impairment in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis.
Curriculum Development for the South African Essential Steps in Managing Obstetric Emergencies (ESMOE) Anesthesiology Training Module: A Delphi Study
Authors: Kuün Engela , Spijkerman Sandra 
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG3) for 2030 aims at <70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births. South Africa (SA) falls short of this goal and most deaths occur in district and regional hospitals. Due to low anesthesiologist (specialist anesthetist) numbers in the public sector, the anesthetic workforce in these hospitals consists mainly of nonspecialist (general practitioner) junior doctors with limited supervision. The Essential Steps in Managing Obstetric Emergencies (ESMOE) training program for interns was introduced in 2008 to reduce maternal deaths in SA. Training is not consistently offered at all intern-training institutions and it has not been recently revised. This study sought expert suggestions to guide a revision of the regulation, pedagogy, and content of the ESMOE anesthetic module.

METHODS:
A 3-round consensus-seeking modified Delphi technique was used whereby experts rated current and suggested learning outcomes as well as pedagogical- and regulatory aspects of the ESMOE anesthetic module in an anonymous, online, Likert-scale questionnaire. Consensus was defined as ≥70% agreement. Open-ended questions sought motivations for decisions and further suggestions for program improvement.

RESULTS:
Between March 4, 2021 and August 18, 2021, a total of 17/24 (71%), 16/17 (94%), and 15/16 (94%) consenting experts completed the first, second, and third rounds, respectively. During the 3 rounds, the panel achieved consensus on all but 2 questionnaire items. The panel agreed that ESMOE anesthesia training should be mandatory and that it should be offered through a blended learning model. They further concurred that the current learning outcomes should be retained, and suggested additional outcomes based on the most common causes of maternal mortality in SA.

CONCLUSIONS:
Attendance of the ESMOE anesthesia module should be mandatory. Its pedagogy should be updated to a blended learning style to benefit the current digital native intern generation. The content should be updated to address the main causes of maternal mortality in SA in line with SDG3. A national obstetric anesthesia guideline should be considered, and lea-dership and collaboration are required to improve the alignment of undergraduate, internship, and junior doctor anesthesia training in SA. The content, process, and stakeholder engagement suggestions in this study can assist short-course-based anesthesia workforce training in similar global contexts.
Σεξουαλική κακοποίηση μέσω εικόνας ως μορφή έμφυλης βίας στο διαδίκτυο. Ανάδυση στοιχείων σεξισμού και ενοχοποίησης θύματος στον αφηγηματικό λόγο των ανήλικων δραστών
Authors: Μπράνη Αναστασία 
Published: October 2024

Η σεξουαλική κακοποίηση μέσω εικόνας, αποτελεί μια αναδυόμενη μορφή κυβερνοβίας με βάση το φύλο, η οποία απασχολεί την επιστημονική κοινότητα παγκοσμίως. Το φαινόμενο έχει επηρεάσει και τους εφήβους, με τα αγόρια να εμφανίζονται συχνότερα ως δράστες και τα κορίτσια ως θύματα. Οι πληροφορίες όμως για την εκδήλωση της συγκεκριμένης συμπεριφοράς, προέρχονται κυρίως από την πλευρά των θυμάτων, ενώ απουσιάζουν σχετικές μελέτες από την πλευρά των δραστών. Η παρούσα μελέτη προσπαθεί να διαχειριστεί αυτό το κενό σχετικά με την έμφυλη βία, που προκύπτει από την μέχρι σήμερα έλλειψη μελετών σε στοχευμένο δείγμα εφήβων δραστών. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, αναφέρεται στην διερεύνηση στοιχείων σεξιστικής ιδεολογίας καθώς και ενοχοποίησης θύματος στον αφηγηματικό λόγο ανήλικων αγοριών, δραστών σεξουαλικής κακοποίησης μέσω εικόνας, ηλικίας 15-17, αξιοποιώντας ημιδομημένες συνεντεύξεις. Οι δράστες έχουν τη τάση να υποτιμούν τις πράξεις τους και να μην αναγνωρίζουν τη σοβαρότητα του προβλήματος. Στοιχεία σεξισμού και στερεοτύπων φύλου κυριαρχούν στο λόγο τους, ενώ τα κορίτσια αποδέκτες της διαδικτυακής κακοποίησης, σχετίζονταν με τους δράστες κυρίως ως σύντροφοι, αναδεικνύοντας ότι η βία στον κυβερνοχώρο σχετίζεται με τη βία στο φυσικό κόσμο. Η παρούσα μελέτη συνέβαλε στην ανάδειξη και κατανόηση συμπεριφορών έμφυλης βίας από τους εφήβους στο κυβερνοχώρο.
Altered subcellular reactions to stress after a long-term human exposure to antarctic condition
Authors: Moiseyenko Ye. , Rozova K. 
Published: October 2024

Medical research in Antarctica opens up new horizons to study individual health and reactions under stress and unusual environmental conditions. A long stay in Antarctica can evoke reactions associated with adaptation to hypoxia and mitochondrial dysfunction, determined by a set of molecular-genetic mechanisms. The aim was to study the changes in platelet ultrastructure in Antarctic winterers under hypoxic loading, and the ultrastructure of mitochondria (MT) of leukocytes in winterers, depending on the length of exposure to Antarctic conditions and number of expeditions participated. We included to the study 24 winterers, who once stayed in Antarctica during 1 year (group 1), 3-4 one-year stays (group 2), and 5-7 one-year stays (group 3). The control group included 8 men, who were not exposed to adverse environmental factors and never visited Antarctica. We assessed the ultrastructure of platelet and leukocytes before and after the hypoxic loading. The background characteristics of the ultrastructure of platelets and leukocytes of winterers. Significant changes developed in the platelet and leukocytes mitochondria ultrastructure after hypoxic loading. The severity of changes in leukocyte mitochondria correlated with number of expeditions participated, and manifested by development of autophagy, apoptosis up to irreversible organelle changes, a partial or complete vacuolization, excessive swelling of organelles after 1 year stay, 3-4, and 5-7 one-year expeditions respectively. So, a long exposure to Antarctic conditions is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction.
Ten-year clinical and radiological outcomes with a vitamin E-infused highly cross-linked polyethylene acetabular cup
Authors: Afghanyar Yama , Afghanyar Bedjan , Loweg Lennard , Drees Philipp , Gercek Erol , Dargel Jens , Rehbein Philipp , Kutzner Karl P. 
Published: October 2024

AimsLimited implant survival due to aseptic cup loosening is most commonly responsible for revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). Advances in implant designs and materials have been crucial in addressing those challenges. Vitamin E-infused highly cross-linked polyethylene (VEPE) promises strong wear resistance, high oxidative stability, and superior mechanical strength. Although VEPE monoblock cups have shown good mid-term performance and excellent wear patterns, long-term results remain unclear. This study evaluated migration and wear patterns and clinical and radiological outcomes at a minimum of ten years’ follow-up.MethodsThis prospective observational study investigated 101 cases of primary THA over a mean duration of 129 months (120 to 149). At last follow-up, 57 cases with complete clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated. In all cases, the acetabular component comprised an uncemented titanium particle-coated VEPE monoblock cup. Patients were assessed clinically and radiologically using the Harris Hip Score, visual analogue scale (pain and satisfaction), and an anteroposterior radiograph. Cup migration and polyethylene wear were measured using Einzel-Bild-Röntgen-Analyze software. All complications and associated treatments were documented until final follow-up.ResultsClinical assessment showed persistent major improvement in all scores. On radiological assessment, only one case showed a lucent line (without symptoms). At last follow-up, wear and migration were below the critical thresholds. No cup-related revisions were needed, indicating an outstanding survival rate of 100%.ConclusionIsoelastic VEPE cups offer high success rates and may prevent osteolysis, aseptic loosening, and the need for revision surgeries in the long term. However, longer follow-up is needed to validate our findings and confirm the advantages offered by this cup.Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2024;5(10):825–831.