bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use pattern and predictors of use of highly caffeinated energy drinks among South Korean adolescents: a study using the Health Belief Model
Authors: Ha Dongmun , Song Inmyung , Jang Gyeongil , Lee Eui-Kyung , Shin Ju-Young 
Published: September 2017

ObjectivesConcerns about the use of highly caffeinated energy drinks among Korean adolescents remains. We compared adolescents’ perceptions regarding the use of drinks to their behaviours and factors.DesignA structured questionnaire based on the Health Belief Model was administered to 850 freshmen and sophomores at three high schools in Bucheon, South Korea. Benefits were defined as beneficial effects from the use of highly caffeinated energy drinks (eg, awakening from sleepiness) and harms as adverse effects of the drinks (eg, cardiac palpitation). Likelihood of action represents the likelihood of taking actions that are perceived to be more beneficial after comparison of the benefits and harms of caffeine use. Descriptive analysis was used to quantify the relationship between their beliefs about highly caffeinated energy drinks and their use. We conducted hierarchical logistic regression to compute ORs and 95% CIs for: (1) demographic factors, (2) health threat, (3) likelihood of action and (4) cues to act.ResultsAltogether, 833 students responded to the questionnaire (effective response rate=98.0%). About 63.0% reported use of highly caffeinated energy drinks and 35.2% had used them as needed and habitually. The more susceptible the respondents perceived themselves to be to the risk of using these drinks, the less likely they were to use them (OR: 0.73, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.06). The more severe the perception of a health threat, the less that perception was associated with use (OR: 0.44, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.67). Likelihood of action was the strongest predictor of use, explaining 12.5% in use. Benefits and harms (OR: 4.43, 95% CI 2.77 to 7.09; OR: 1.86, 95% CI 1.16 to 2.99) also were significant predictors.ConclusionsEnhancing adolescents’ perceptions of benefits and harms regarding using highly caffeinated energy drinks could be an effective way to influence the use of these drinks.
What are the essential features of a successful surgical registry? a systematic review
Authors: Mandavia Rishi , Knight Alec , Phillips John , Mossialos Elias , Littlejohns Peter , Schilder Anne 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThe regulation of surgical implants is vital to patient safety, and there is an international drive to establish registries for all implants. Hearing loss is an area of unmet need, and industry is targeting this field with a growing range of surgically implanted hearing devices. Currently, there is no comprehensive UK registry capturing data on these devices; in its absence, it is difficult to monitor safety, practices and effectiveness. A solution is developing a national registry of all auditory implants. However, developing and maintaining a registry faces considerable challenges. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify the essential features of a successful surgical registry.MethodsA systematic literature review was performed adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis recommendations. A comprehensive search of the Medline and Embase databases was conducted in November 2016 using the Ovid Portal. Inclusion criteria were: publications describing the design, development, critical analysis or current status of a national surgical registry. All registry names identified in the screening process were noted and searched in the grey literature. Available national registry reports were reviewed from registry websites. Data were extracted using a data extraction table developed by thematic analysis. Extracted data were synthesised into a structured narrative.ResultsSixty-nine publications were included. The fundamentals to successful registry development include: steering committee to lead and oversee the registry; clear registry objectives; planning for initial and long-term funding; strategic national collaborations among key stakeholders; dedicated registry management team; consensus meetings to agree registry dataset; established data processing systems; anticipating challenges; and implementing strategies to increase data completion. Patient involvement and awareness of legal factors should occur throughout the development process.ConclusionsThis systematic review provides robust knowledge that can be used to inform the successful development of any UK surgical registry. It also provides a methodological framework for international surgical registry development.
Randomised controlled trial ofLactobacillus rhamnosus(LGG) versus placebo in children presenting to the emergency department with acute gastroenteritis: the PECARN probiotic study protocol
Authors: Schnadower David , Tarr Phillip I , Casper T Charles , Gorelick Marc H , Dean Michael J , O’Connell Karen J , Mahajan Prashant , Chun Thomas H , Bhatt Seema R , Roskind Cindy G , Powell Elizabeth C , Rogers Alexander J , Vance Cheryl , Sapien Robert E , Gao Feng , Freedman Stephen B 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionAcute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a common and burdensome condition that affects millions of children worldwide each year. Currently available strategies are limited to symptomatic management, treatment and prevention of dehydration and infection control; no disease-modifying interventions exist. Probiotics, defined as live microorganisms beneficial to the host, have shown promise in improving AGE outcomes, but existing studies have sufficient limitations such that the use of probiotics cannot currently be recommended with confidence. Here we present the methods of a large, rigorous, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled study to assess the effectiveness and side effect profile ofLactobacillus rhamnosusGG (LGG) (ATCC 53103) in children with AGE.Methods and analysisThe study is being conducted in 10 US paediatric emergency departments (EDs) within the federally funded Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network, in accordance with current SPIRIT and CONSORT statement recommendations. We will randomise 970 children presenting to participating EDs with AGE to either 5 days of treatment with LGG (1010colony-forming unit twice a day) or placebo between July 2014 to December 2017. The main outcome is the occurrence of moderate-to-severe disease over time, as defined by the Modified Vesikari Scale. We also record adverse events and side effects related to the intervention. We will conduct intention-to-treat analyses and use an enrichment design to restore the statistical power in case the presence of a subpopulation with a substantially low treatment effect is identified.Ethics and disseminationInstitutional review board approval has been obtained at all sites, and data and material use agreements have been established between the participating sites. The results of the trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals. A deidentified public data set will be made available after the completion of all study procedures.Trial registration numberNCT01773967.
Comparison of control charts for monitoring clinical performance using binary data
Authors: Neuburger Jenny , Walker Kate , Sherlaw-Johnson Chris , van der Meulen Jan , Cromwell David A 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundTime series charts are increasingly used by clinical teams to monitor their performance, but statistical control charts are not widely used, partly due to uncertainty about which chart to use. Although there is a large literature on methods, there are few systematic comparisons of charts for detecting changes in rates of binary clinical performance data.MethodsWe compared four control charts for binary data: the Shewhart p-chart; the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart; the cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart; and the g-chart. Charts were set up to have the same long-term false signal rate. Chart performance was then judged according to the expected number of patients treated until a change in rate was detected.ResultsFor large absolute increases in rates (>10%), the Shewhart p-chart and EWMA both had good performance, although not quite as good as the CUSUM. For small absolute increases (<10%), the CUSUM detected changes more rapidly. The g-chart is designed to efficiently detect decreases in low event rates, but it again had less good performance than the CUSUM.ImplicationsThe Shewhart p-chart is the simplest chart to implement and interpret, and performs well for detecting large changes, which may be useful for monitoring processes of care. The g-chart is a useful complement for determining the success of initiatives to reduce low-event rates (eg, adverse events). The CUSUM may be particularly useful for faster detection of problems with patient safety leading to increases in adverse event rates.
Medical and bioethical considerations in elective cochlear implant array removal
Authors: Owoc Maryanna S , Kozin Elliott D , Remenschneider Aaron , Duarte Maria J , Hight Ariel Edward , Clay Marjorie , Meyer Susanna E , Lee Daniel J , Briggs Selena 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveCochlear explantation for purely elective (e.g. psychological and emotional) reasons is not well studied. Herein, we aim to provide data and expert commentary about elective cochlear implant (CI) removal that may help to guide clinical decision-making and formulate guidelines related to CI explantation.Data sourcesWe address these objectives via three approaches: case report of a patient who desired elective CI removal; review of literature and expert discussion by surgeon, audiologist, bioethicist, CI user and member of Deaf community.Review methodsA systematic review using three scientific online databases was performed. Included articles addressed the benefits and/or complications of cochlear implantation in young children, CI explantation with or without revision surgery and the ethical debate between the medical and Deaf communities on cochlear implantation and explantation.ConclusionsThe medical and audiological perspectives identify a host of risks related to implant removal without reimplantation, including risk from surgery, general anaesthesia, cochlear ossification and poor audiometric outcomes. The member of the deaf community and bioethicist argue that physicians need to guide the principles of beneficence, non-maleficence and patient autonomy. Taken together, patient desires should be seen as paramount, if the patient is otherwise fit for surgery and well informed.Implications for practiceSimilar to the case of device implantation, device explantation should be a multidisciplinary and collaborative decision with the patient and the family’s desires at the centre. While every case is different, we offer a CI explantation discussion to assist in clinical decision-making, patient counselling and education.
Lactobacillus iners-dominated vaginal microbiota is associated with increased susceptibility to Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Dutch women: a case–control study
Authors: van Houdt Robin , Ma Bing , Bruisten Sylvia M , Speksnijder Arjen G C L , Ravel Jacques , de Vries Henry J C 
Published: September 2017

IntroductionThis prospective study aimed to study the composition and structure of the vaginal microbiota prior to Chlamydia trachomatis infection.MethodsA nested case–control study was performed in 122 women, half of which acquired C. trachomatis within a year after their first visit. At the first visit, the composition and structure of vaginal microbial communities were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing in the context of the sociodemographic and sexual risk behaviour information using logistic regression.ResultsFive vaginal community state types (CSTs) were identified. Four CSTs were dominated by Lactobacillus spp., of which L. crispatus (37%) and L. iners (33%) were the most common. One CST was characterised by the absence of Lactobacillus spp. (25%) and the presence of an array of strict and facultative anaerobes. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that women with a L. iners-dominated CST had an increased risk of C. trachomatis infection (p=0.04; OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.0 to 6.6).ConclusionsThe distribution of CSTs dominated by Lactobacillus spp. agreed with previous studies. However, the frequency of dysbiosis among Caucasian women was relatively high (24%). Having vaginal microbiota dominated by L. iners was associated with an increased risk for C. trachomatis infection. Therefore, we hypothesise that specific signatures of vaginal microbiota are indicative of increased host predisposition to acquiring STIs.
Cytoplasmic Cyclin E Mediates Resistance to Aromatase Inhibitors in Breast Cancer
Authors: Doostan Iman , Karakas Cansu , Kohansal Mehrnoosh , Low Kwang-Hui , Ellis Matthew J. , Olson John A. , Suman Vera J. , Hunt Kelly K. , Moulder Stacy L. , Keyomarsi Khandan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPurpose: Preoperative aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy has demonstrated efficacy in hormone receptor (HR)-positive postmenopausal breast cancer. However, many patients have disease that is either intrinsically resistant to AIs or that responds initially but develops resistance after prolonged exposure. We have shown that patients with breast tumors expressing the deregulated forms of cyclin E [low molecular weight forms (LMW-E)] have poor overall survival. Herein, we hypothesize that LMW-E expression can identify HR-positive tumors that are unresponsive to neoadjuvant AI therapy due to the inability of AIs to induce a cytostatic effect.Experimental Design: LMW-E was examined in breast cancer specimens from 58 patients enrolled in the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group Z1031, a neoadjuvant AI clinical trial. The mechanisms of LMW-E–mediated resistance to AI were evaluated in vitro and in vivo using an inducible model system of cyclin E (full-length and LMW-E) in aromatase-overexpressing MCF7 cells.Results: Breast cancer recurrence-free interval was significantly worse in patients with LMW-E–positive tumors who received AI neoadjuvant therapy, compared with those with LMW-E negative tumors. Upon LMW-E induction, MCF7 xenografts were unresponsive to letrozole in vivo, resulting in increased tumor volume after treatment with AIs. LMW-E expression overcame cell-cycle inhibition by AIs in a CDK2/Rb-dependent manner, and inhibition of CDK2 by dinaciclib reversed LMW-E–mediated resistance, whereas treatment with palbociclib, a CDK4/6 inhibitor, did not.Conclusions: Collectively, these findings suggest that cell-cycle deregulation by LMW-E mediates resistance to AIs and a combination of CDK2 inhibitors and AIs may be an effective treatment in patients with HR-positive tumors that express LMW-E. Clin Cancer Res; 23(23); 7288–300. ©2017 AACR.
ГІПЕРПЛАСТИЧНІ ПРОЦЕСИ ЕНДОМЕТРІЯ У ЖІНОК В ПІЗНЬОМУ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОМУ І ПРЕМЕНОПАУЗАЛЬНОМУ ПЕРІОДІ: ЩО ВПЛИВАЄ НА РЕЦИДИВИ
Authors: Korniyenko S. M. 
Published: September 2017

Резюме. Гіперпластичні процеси ендометрія (ГПЕ) займають значне місце в структурі гінекологічної захворюваності і є однією з найчастіших причин госпіталізації в гінекологічному стаціонарі. Дана патологія викликає порушення менструального циклу, дисфункціональні маткові кровотечі і анемію, однак особлива увага до ГПЕ пов'язана з високим ризиком злоякісної трансформації ендометрія. Пізній репродуктивний вік і період пременопаузи пов'язані з високою частотою рецидивів ГПЕ, соматичної патології та гінекологічних оперативних втручань. Мета дослідження – виявити фактори, що впливають на рецидиви ГПЕ у жінок пізнього репродуктивного та пременопаузального віку. Матеріали і методи. Були вивчені клініко-анамнестичні дані, особистісні особливості, якість життя і віддалені результати гістероскопії у 255 жінок, які страждають ГПЕ у віці 35–54 років. У 72 жінок протягом 1,5–2,5 років після лікування спостерігалися рецидиви ГПЕ. Ці пацієнтки склали групу Р, решта 183 жінки увійшли до групи К. Окремий аналіз був проведений в групах з поліпами і в групах з гіперплазією ендометрія.Результати. Рецидиви поліпів спостерігалися в 49 (25,5 %) випадках, гіперплазії ендометрія – в 25 (25,3 %). У двох пацієнток відзначалися рецидиви обох форм ГПЕ. Рівень гінекологічної захворюваності в анамнезі пацієнток з рецидивами ГПЕ істотно перевищував референтні значення. Урогенітальні інфекції не чинили статистично значущого впливу на рецидивність гіперплазії ендометрія. Ефективність лікування поліпів, навпаки, істотно залежала від генітальних інфекцій. Соматичні захворювання більш виражено погіршували перспективи лікування ГПЕ, ніж генітальна патологія. В якості особистісних предикторів рецидивуючої гіперплазії ендометрія відзначалися невротичність, спонтанна агресивність, депресивність і емоційна лабільність. Висновки. У пізньому репродуктивному і пременопаузальному віці рецидиви ГПЕ спостерігаються в кожному четвертому випадку. Ризики рецидування поліпів ендометрія найтісніше асоціюються з аномаліями розвитку матки, маскулінним психотипом, хронічним ендометритом, інсомнією, цитомегаловірусною генітальною інфекцією, гіпертонічною хворобою і ожирінням. Шанси рецидивів гіперплазії ендометрія найбільш значимо підвищують захворювання печінки і щитоподібної залози, емоційна лабільність, індекс маси тіла понад 27 кг/м2, невротичність, інсомнія, депресивність і синдром вегетативної дисфункції.
Moving Along the Belt and Road: Implications of China’s “One Belt, One Road” Strategies on Chinese Migration (沿“一帶一路”的移動：“一帶一路”戰略對中國人口遷移影響)
Authors: Muttarak (Raya Muttarak) Raya 
Published: September 2017

Along with the flows of China’s foreign direct investment following the newly implemented “One Belt, One Road” strategy by the Chinese government comes movement of state employees, entrepreneurs, workers and accompanying family members to respective countries along the Belt and Road. It is not clear how large the Chinese migration flows into these countries will be, who they will be comprised of, how the public reception of the host society will be and how well the migrants will be integrated in the destination country. Based on extant data and literature on current Chinese migration, this paper describes trends and patterns of recent Chinese migration in Africa and Asia, analyzes host country public perceptions on China, and investigates integration patterns of Chinese migrants. Given that the “One Belt, One Road” strategy was officially endorsed in 2015, it is still early to analyze its impacts on Chinese migration in the respective countries. Considering earlier Chinese overseas migration of the past decades, this paper presents potential migration and integration patterns one may expect following the Belt and Road initiative.中國政府提出的「一帶一路」戰略帶來大量的對外直接投資，隨之形成了沿「一帶一路」的人口遷移流，這些遷移人口包括雇員、企業家、勞動力及其家庭成員等。來自中國的大量遷移人口將在沿「一帶一路」國家形成怎樣的遷移格局？誰會成為這些遷移者？沿「一帶一路」國家的主流社會對這些遷移者的剬眾反應會是怎樣？遷移者怎樣才能很好地融入遷入地國家？這些問題都有待回答。根據中國當前人口遷移的相關數據和文獻，本研究分析了中國在亞洲、非洲的人口遷移趨勢和格局，以及沿“一帶一路”國家對中國的剬眾感知和中國遷移者的融入情況。由於中國官方自2015年才正式推動“一帶一路”戰略，因此這方面的研究也才剛起步。但是過去關於海外華人的研究，為未來的發展提供了可能的參考模式。 (This article is in English).
Application of a Demineralized Cortical Bone Matrix and Bone Marrow–Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Model of Chronic Rotator Cuff Degeneration
Authors: Thangarajah Tanujan , Sanghani-Kerai Anita , Henshaw Frederick , Lambert Simon M. , Pendegrass Catherine J. , Blunn Gordon W. 
Published: September 2017

Background: The success of rotator cuff repair is primarily dependent on tendon-bone healing. Failure is common because weak scar tissue replaces the native enthesis, rendering it prone to reruptures. A demineralized bone matrix (DBM) consists of a network of collagen fibers that provide a sustained release of growth factors such as bone morphogenetic proteins. Previous studies have demonstrated that it can regenerate a fibrocartilaginous enthesis. Hypothesis: The use of a DBM and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at the healing enthesis will result in a higher bone mineral density at the tendon insertion and will enhance the regeneration of a morphologically superior enthesis when compared with an acellular human dermal matrix. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eighteen female Wistar rats underwent unilateral detachment of the supraspinatus tendon. Three weeks later, tendon repair was carried out in animals randomized into 3 groups: group 1 received augmentation of the repair with a cortical allogenic DBM (n = 6); group 2 received augmentation with a nonmeshed, ultrathick, acellular human dermal matrix (n = 6); and group 3 underwent tendon-bone repair without a scaffold (n = 6). All animals received 1 × 106 MSCs delivered in fibrin glue to the repair site. Specimens were retrieved at 6 weeks postoperatively for histological analysis and the evaluation of bone mineral density. Results: All groups demonstrated closure of the tendon-bone gap with a fibrocartilaginous enthesis. Although there were no significant differences in the enthesis maturation and modified Movin scores, repair augmented with a dermal matrix + MSCs exhibited a disorganized enthesis, abnormal collagen fiber arrangement, and greater cellularity compared with other MSC groups. Only repairs augmented with a DBM + MSCs reached a bone mineral density not significantly lower than nonoperated controls. Conclusion: A DBM enhanced with MSCs can augment rotator cuff healing at 6 weeks and restore bone mineral density at the enthesis to its preinjury levels. Clinical Relevance: Biological augmentation of rotator cuff repair with a DBM and MSCs may reduce the incidence of retears, although further studies are required to determine its effectiveness.
The discreditation of girdite
Authors: Kampf Anthony R. , Mills Stuart J. , Rumsey Mike S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGirdite, a mineral described byWilliams in 1979 from the Grand Central mine, Tombstone, Cochise County, Arizona, USA, has been re-examined by powder X-ray diffraction, single-crystal X-ray diffraction and electron microprobe. Type material from The Natural History Museum, London and the United States National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution) was examined. The original description of girdite is shown to have been based upon data obtained from at least two and possibly three different phases, one corresponding to ottoite and another probably corresponding to oboyerite, although the latter itself appears to be a mixture. The discreditation of girdite as a valid mineral species has been approved by the IMA-CNMNC, Proposal 16-G.