bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the role of tenure, household crowding and housing affordability on psychological distress, using longitudinal data
Authors: Pierse Nevil , Carter Kristie , Bierre Sarah , Law David , Howden-Chapman Philippa 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThe association between good mental health and housing circumstances is well established. Tenure, household crowding and housing affordability have all been linked to mental health and psychological distress. These cross-sectional relationships are collinear and confounded, and so provide little information on the possible effects of changing housing circumstance on mental health or psychological distress. To do this longitudinal data are needed.MethodsIn this paper we use the longitudinal data from the 11 500 NZ households in the Survey of Families, Income and Employment (SoFIE), conducted in New Zealand from 2002 to 2010. We examine the cross-sectional associations of housing factors on psychological distress and use fixed-effects modelling of longitudinal data to examine any effects of changes in selected housing factors on changes in psychological distress.ResultsWe show large significant cross-sectional associations between all the housing circumstances and psychological distress. These associations were not present in the fixed-effects models. Only changes in individual deprivation had a significant effect on changes in psychological distress. While a significant effect was found for moves to and from houses with a two-bedroom deficit, the small number of moves of this type means these results are not robust.ConclusionsThese results show that the effect of house ownership and housing affordability on psychological distress is likely to be confounded in the cross-sectional models. Therefore, marginal changes to these housing factors are unlikely to yield large reductions in psychological distress. Our results suggest that reductions in psychological distress are more likely to be seen through interventions that target individual socioeconomic deprivation and severe household crowding.
Assessing morbidity compression in two cohorts from the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Beltrán-Sánchez Hiram , Jiménez Marcia P , Subramanian S V 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundIncreases in life expectancy are hypothesised to be associated with shorter proportional time spent with morbidity (compression of morbidity). We assessed whether this has occurred among older adults in the USA during the 1990s and 2000s.MethodsWe used data from the Health and Retirement Study to estimate a morbidity score based on eight chronic conditions and compare it (1) prospectively between two age-matched cohorts in 1992 and 2004 over a 6-year follow-up, and (2) retrospectively in the three waves prior to death among respondents who die in (1998–2004) and (2004–2010).ResultsProspective assessment shows significantly higher prevalence in 6 of eight chronic conditions in the 2000s, with 37% higher diabetes prevalence. A retrospective evaluation shows significantly higher prevalence in 7 of eight chronic conditions in the three waves prior to death for (2004–2010) versus (1998–2004), with 41% higher prevalence of arthritis. Importantly, the farther away from time of death, the higher the average number of chronic conditions in (2004–2010).ConclusionsUsing the largest longitudinal ageing study in the USA, we found no clear evidence of compression of morbidity as measured by self-reported chronic disease. Older adults in the USA may be experiencing greater disease burden in recent times.
Strategies for recruiting representative samples of Asian Americans for a population-based case–control study
Authors: Wong Celeste K , Horn-Ross Pamela L , Gee Gilbert C , Shariff-Marco Salma , Quach Thu , Allen Laura , Bautista Roxanna , La Chica Patricia Quema , Tseng Winston , Chang Pancho , Clarke Christina A , Yang Juan , Le Gem M , Canchola Alison , Irwin Melinda L , Lee Sandra Soo-Jin , Gomez Scarlett Lin 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundData are limited on effective methods for recruiting persons, especially from ethnically diverse populations, into population-based studies. The goal of this study was to evaluate the variation among and representativeness of controls identified using multiple methods for a population-based case–control study of breast cancer among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs) in the San Francisco Bay Area.MethodsWe used a unique combination of targeted recruitment strategies, including address-based sampling, community-based methods, and internet-based and media-based approaches for recruiting controls, frequency matched on age and ethnicity to a population-based sample of cases. To characterise the participating controls, we compared the distribution of sociodemographic characteristics and cancer risk factors between recruitment sources using χ2tests. To ensure that the controls we recruited were representative of the underlying at-risk population, we compared characteristics of the controls, by ethnicity and in aggregate, to data from the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS), and adjusted the relative mix of recruitment strategies throughout the study as needed to achieve representativeness.ResultsAs expected, controls (n=483) recruited by any single method were not representative. However, when aggregated across methods, controls were largely representative of the underlying source population, as characterised by CHIS, with regard to the characteristics under study, including nativity, education, marital status and body mass index.ConclusionsA multimode approach using targeted recruitment strategies is an effective and feasible alternative to using a single recruitment method in identifying a representative, diverse control sample for population-based studies.
The long-term prognosis of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality for metabolically healthy obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zheng Ruizhi , Zhou Dan , Zhu Yimin 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundMetabolically healthy obese phenotype (MHO) refers to obese individuals with absence of metabolic abnormalities such as dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and hypertension. Many studies reported the long-term prognosis of MHO on diseases and mortality with inconsistent results.MethodsWe performed a meta-analysis to assess the risks of cardiovascular (CV) events and all-cause mortality for MHO individuals. Original prospective observational studies were searched in Medline, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane library up to 30 September 2015. In this meta-analysis, the relative risk (RR) calculated on the basis of the incident number of disease events and deaths in participants and the corresponding multivariable-adjusted HR were both extracted to calculate pooled risk estimates. A random-effects model was used if there was heterogeneity among studies; otherwise, the fixed-effects model was used.Results22 prospective studies, involving 584 799 participants, were archived in the analyses. With metabolically healthy normal weight as the reference, the MHO phenotype was associated with a higher risk of CV events (RR 1.50, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.77; HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.38 to 1.84). However, MHO individuals were not associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.83 to 1.66; HR 1.07, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.25).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis confirms a positive association between a metabolically healthy obese phenotype and the risk of CV events. However, higher risk for all-cause mortality is not evident in metabolically healthy obese individuals.
Assessing women's satisfaction with family planning services in Mozambique
Authors: Chavane Leonardo , Dgedge Martinho , Bailey Patricia , Loquiha Osvaldo , Aerts Marc , Temmerman Marleen 
Published: September 2016

BackgroundThe contraceptive prevalence rate in Mozambique was estimated as 11.3% in the last Demographic and Health Survey. The impact of family planning (FP) on women's health and on the reduction of maternal mortality is well known.MethodsAcknowledging the importance of user satisfaction in the utilisation of health services, exit interviews were used to assess women's satisfaction with FP services in Mozambique. The survey, conducted in 174 health facilities, was representative at the national level, covered all provinces, and both urban and rural areas.ResultsOverall, 86% of respondents were satisfied with FP services, but issues such as insufficient supplies of oral contraceptives and the low quality of healthcare provider/client interactions were given as reasons for women's dissatisfaction.ConclusionDefined actions at the level of health service provision are needed to tackle the identified issues and ensure improved satisfaction with, and better utilisation of, FP services in Mozambique.
Association betweenRANK, RANKLandOPGpolymorphisms with ACPA and erosions in rheumatoid arthritis: results from a meta-analysis involving three French cohorts
Authors: Ruyssen-Witrand Adeline , Degboé Yannick , Cantagrel A , Nigon D , Lukas C , Scaramuzzino S , Allanore Y , Vittecoq O , Schaeverbeke T , Morel J , Sibilia J , Cambon-Thomsen A , Dieudé P , Constantin A 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesThe RANK/RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) system plays a central role in the pathogenesis of bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to test the association between 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located onRANK, RANKLandOPGgenes and anticitrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) presence or erosions in RA.MethodsPatients: This work was performed on three independent samples of French patients with RA: the Etude de Suivi des PolyArthrites Indifférenciées Récentes (ESPOIR) (n=632), Rangueil Midi-Pyrénées (RMP) (n=249) and French Rheumatoid Arthritis Genetic Consortium (FRAGC) (n=590) cohorts. Genotyping: the genotyping of 11 SNPs located onRANK,RANKLandOPGwere performed by PCR. Statistical analyses: The association between the genotypes with ACPA or erosions was first tested in the ESPOIR cohort using a χ2test and, in the case of significant association, replicated in the RMP and FRACG cohorts. A meta-analysis on the three cohorts was performed using the Mantel-Haenszel method.ResultsOne SNP onRANK(rs8086340) and three SNPs onRANKL(rs7984870, rs7325635, rs1054016) were significantly associated with ACPA presence, while one SNP onOPG(rs2073618) and one SNP onRANKL(rs7325635) were significantly associated with erosions in the ESPOIR cohort. Following meta-analysis performed on the three samples, the SNP onRANKand the GGG haplotype of the three SNPs located onRANKLwere both significantly associated with ACPA presence, while only the SNP onOPGremained significantly associated with erosions.ConclusionsThis study identified one SNP located onRANK, one haplotype onRANKLassociated with ACPA presence, and one SNP located onOPGassociated with erosions in three different samples of French patients with RA.
The effects of the overline running model of the high-speed trains on the existing lines
Authors: Qian Yong-Sheng , Zeng Jun-Wei , Zhang Xiao-Long , Wang Jia-Yuan , Lv Ting-Ting 
Published: September 2016

This paper studies the effect on the existing railway which is made by the train with 216 km/h high-speed when running across over the existing railway. The influence on the railway carrying capacity which is made by the transportation organization mode of the existing railway is analyzed under different parking modes of high-speed trains as well. In order to further study the departure intervals of the train, the average speed and the delay of the train, an automata model under these four-aspects is established. The results of the research in this paper could serve as the theoretical references to the newly built high-speed railways.
Personalized Medicine Tackles Clinical Resistance: Alectinib in ALK-Positive Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Progressing on First-Generation ALK Inhibitor
Authors: Skoulidis Ferdinandos , Papadimitrakopoulou Vassiliki A. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Over the last 2 years, our therapeutic armamentarium against genomically defined subgroups of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has extended to patients with acquired resistance to front-line targeted therapy. Alectinib (Alecensa; Roche/Genentech), a second-generation, orally active, potent, and highly selective inhibitor of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), is indicated for patients with metastatic, ALK rearrangement–positive NSCLC whose disease has worsened after treatment with crizotinib or who became intolerant to the drug. Alectinib received orphan drug designation, breakthrough therapy designation, priority review status, and accelerated approval by the FDA. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5177–82. ©2016 AACR.
Acetazolamide Serves as Selective Delivery Vehicle for Dipeptide-Linked Drugs to Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Cazzamalli Samuele , Dal Corso Alberto , Neri Dario 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
In most cases, cytotoxic drugs do not preferentially accumulate at the tumor site, causing unwanted toxicities and preventing dose escalation to therapeutically active regimens. Here, we show that acetazolamide derivatives, which bind to carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) on the surface of kidney cancer cells, selectively deliver payloads at the site of disease, sparing normal organs. Biodistribution studies, performed in tumor-bearing mice with acetazolamide derivatives bearing a technetium-99m chelator complex or a red fluorophore as payload, revealed a preferential tumor accumulation of the compound at doses up to 560 nmol/kg. The percentage of injected dose per gram in the tumor was dose-dependent and revealed optimal tumor:organ ratios at 140 nmol/kg, with a tumor:blood ratio of 80:1 at 6 hours. Acetazolamide, coupled to potent cytotoxic drugs via a dipeptide linker, exhibited a potent antitumor activity in nude mice bearing SKRC-52 renal cell carcinomas, whereas drug derivatives devoid of the acetazolamide moiety did not exhibit any detectable anticancer activity at the same doses. The observation of tumor regression with a noninternalizing ligand and with different cytotoxic moieties (MMAE and PNU-159682) indicates a general mechanism of action, based on the selective accumulation of the product on tumor cells, followed by the extracellular proteolytic release of the cytotoxic payload at the neoplastic site and the subsequent drug internalization into tumor cells. Acetazolamide-based drug conjugates may represent a promising class of targeted agents for the treatment of metastatic kidney cancer, as the majority of human clear cell renal cell carcinomas are strongly positive for CAIX. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(12); 2926–35. ©2016 AACR.
Plasma Levels of Fatty Acid–Binding Protein 4, Retinol-Binding Protein 4, High-Molecular-Weight Adiponectin, and Cardiovascular Mortality Among Men With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Liu Gang , Ding Ming , Chiuve Stephanie E. , Rimm Eric B. , Franks Paul W. , Meigs James B. , Hu Frank B. , Sun Qi 
Published: September 2016

Objective—
To examine select adipokines, including fatty acid–binding protein 4, retinol-binding protein 4, and high-molecular-weight (HMW) adiponectin in relation to cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Approach and Results—

Plasma levels of fatty acid–binding protein 4, retinol-binding protein 4, and HMW adiponectin were measured in 950 men with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. After an average of 22 years of follow-up (1993–2015), 580 deaths occurred, of whom 220 died of CVD. After multivariate adjustment for covariates, higher levels of fatty acid–binding protein 4 were significantly associated with a higher CVD mortality: comparing extreme tertiles, the hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval of CVD mortality was 1.78 (1.22–2.59;
P
trend=0.001). A positive association was also observed for HMW adiponectin: the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) was 2.07 (1.42–3.06;
P
trend=0.0002), comparing extreme tertiles, whereas higher retinol-binding protein 4 levels were nonsignificantly associated with a decreased CVD mortality with an hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) of 0.73 (0.50–1.07;
P
trend=0.09). A Mendelian randomization analysis suggested that the causal relationships of HMW adiponectin and retinol-binding protein 4 would be directionally opposite to those observed based on the biomarkers, although none of the Mendelian randomization associations achieved statistical significance.

Conclusions—
These data suggest that higher levels of fatty acid–binding protein 4 and HMW adiponectin are associated with elevated CVD mortality among men with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biological mechanisms underlying these observations deserve elucidation, but the associations of HMW adiponectin may partially reflect altered adipose tissue functionality among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Left Ventricular Rotational Mechanics in Children After Heart Transplantation
Authors: Nawaytou Hythem M. , Yubbu Putri , Montero Andrea E. , Nandi Deipanjan , O’Connor Matthew J. , Shaddy Robert E. , Banerjee Anirban 
Published: September 2016

Background—
Left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is multifactorial and can be an indicator of graft rejection or coronary artery vasculopathy. Analysis of rotational mechanics may help in the early diagnosis of ventricular dysfunction. Studies describing the left ventricular rotational strain in children after OHT are lacking. It is important to establish the baseline rotational mechanics in pediatric OHT to pursue further studies in this population.

Methods and Results—

Rotational strain measured by speckle tracking was compared in 32 children after OHT, with no evidence of active rejection or coronary artery vasculopathy with 35 age-matched normal controls. Twelve OHT patients and 13 controls underwent moderate exercise with pre- and postexercise echocardiography. Torsion, slope of the systolic limb of the torsion–radial displacement loop, and the untwist rate were significantly higher in OHT patients (torsion: median 2.7°/cm [Q1–Q3, 2.3–3.2] versus 2.3°/cm [Q1–Q3, 1.9–2.7];
P
=0.03, torsion–radial displacement loop: 2.7°/mm [Q1–Q3, 2.1–3.6] versus 2.0°/mm [Q1–Q3, 1.6–2.7];
P
=0.008, indexed peak untwist rate: −21.6°/s/cm [Q1–Q3, −24.3 to −15.7] versus −17.1°/s/cm [Q1–Q3, −19.6 to −13.3];
P
=0.01). Contrary to controls, OHT recipients were unable to increase torsion with exercise (OHT: 2.8°/cm [2.7–3.2] versus 3°/cm [2.4–3.5];
P
=0.81, controls: 2.2°/cm [2–2.6] versus 3°/cm [2.4–3.7];
P
=0.01, pre and post exercise, respectively). The systolic slope of the torsion–radial displacement loop relationship decreased with exercise in most OHT patients.

Conclusions—
Baseline rotational strain in OHT patients is higher than normal with a blunted response to exercise. The slope of torsion–radial displacement loop, and its response to exercise, may serve as a marker of left ventricular dysfunction in OHT patients.
Safety and Preliminary Efficacy of Early Tirofiban Treatment After Alteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Li Wei , Lin Lu , Zhang Meng , Wu Ya , Liu Chengchun , Li Xiaoshu , Huang Shuhan , Liang Chunrong , Wang Yanjiang , Chen Jinhua , Feng Wuwei 
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose—
We investigated whether early initiation of tirofiban, a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonist, is safe, can reduce the risk of reocclusion, and improve outcomes in acute ischemic stroke patients after alteplase.

Methods—
Forty-one patients received alteplase followed by intravenous tirofiban infusion for at least 24 hours. The incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, systematic bleedings, and death was recorded. The National Institutes of Health stroke scale score was evaluated at 24 hours and at day 7 (or discharge). Modified Rankin scale was assessed at 3 months. Outcomes for these patients were compared with a propensity score–matched historical cohort with alteplase only.

Results—

The incidence of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, death, or systematic bleedings (
P
=1.00) was not increased in the alteplase/tirofiban group. At 24 hours, fewer patients experienced reocclusion in the alteplase/tirofiban group (2.4% versus 22.0%;
P
=0.025). At day 7 or discharge, the median National Institutes of Health stroke scale score was significantly lower in the alteplase/tirofiban group (1 versus 6;
P
=0.002). At 3 months, more patients had favorable outcomes of modified Rankin scale 0 to 1 (70.7% versus 46.2%;
P
=0.026).

Conclusions—
Intravenous tirofiban immediately after alteplase seems to be safe and potentially more effective when compared with alteplase alone for selected stroke patients.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.chictr.org.cn/
. Unique identifier: ChiCTR-TRC-14004630.
Jus Post Bellum and the Responsibility to Rebuild – Identifying the Contours of an Ever More Important Aspect of r2p
Authors: Hilpold Peter 
Published: September 2016

In the last years, the traditional dichotomy in international law between jus ad bellum and jus in bello has been more and more abandoned in favour of a system comprising also norms designed to create fair and sustainable peace. It has been recognized that post-war societies need help in order to avoid a relapse into conflict and chaos. But what is the essence of this jus post bellum? What are its sources? Did the introduction of a Responsibility to Protect (r2p) change the rather sceptical attitude by most governments towards peace-building activities that were often considered intrusive? Particular attention will be given to two recent post conflict countries, Kosovo and Libya, where the Responsibility to Rebuild was of considerable importance, but the State community only partially considered (Kosovo) or did not consider at all (Libya). In this contribution it will be shown that the contours of the jus post bellum are still rather unclear but that nevertheless it is very likely that this concept is here to stay.
Test of a Modified Infrared-Only ABI Cloud Mask Algorithm for AHI Radiance Observations
Authors: Zhuge X. , Zou X. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAssimilation of infrared channel radiances from geostationary imagers requires an algorithm that can separate cloudy radiances from clear-sky ones. An infrared-only cloud mask (CM) algorithm has been developed using the Advanced Himawari Imager (AHI) radiance observations. It consists of a new CM test for optically thin clouds, two modified Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) CM tests, and seven other ABI CM tests. These 10 CM tests are used to generate composite CMs for AHI data, which are validated by using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) CMs. It is shown that the probability of correct typing (PCT) of the new CM algorithm over ocean and over land is 89.73% and 90.30%, respectively and that the corresponding leakage rates (LR) are 6.11% and 4.21%, respectively. The new infrared-only CM algorithm achieves a higher PCT and a lower false-alarm rate (FAR) over ocean than does the Clouds from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Extended System (CLAVR-x), which uses not only the infrared channels but also visible and near-infrared channels. A slightly higher FAR of 7.92% and LR of 6.18% occurred over land during daytime. This result requires further investigation.