bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reversal of roles in folie à deux associated with manic-depressive illness
Authors: Ryan C M Dympna , Khan Shaukat A , Warwick Hilary M C , Mindham Richard H S 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAn example of folie à deux with an uncommon clinical picture is presented. It concerns two spinster sisters, with no past psychiatric history, who became simultaneously manic while on holiday. The “Principal” was clearly deluded; the “Associate” shared these abnormal beliefs. After recovery and eighteen months later, one became depressed and the other shared her suicidal ideas, but this time the roles of the “Principal” and “Associate” were reversed. The shortcomings of the ICD10 and DSM-IIIR in classifying this syndrome are highlighted.
Community mental health care ideology and the mental health care professional
Authors: Nolan Clodagh 
Published: March 2016

AbstractObjective: To measure the level of commitment by mental health care professionals within the Eastern Health Board to the concept of community mental health.Methods: An adapted version of the Baker-Schulberg Community Mental Health Ideology Scale was administered to a random sample of professionals (psychologists, psychiatrists, psychiatric nurses, community psychiatric nurses, social workers and occupational therapists).Results: Psychiatrists within this study had the lowest scores indicating the least level of commitment, and were also found to focus upon extrinsic issues, such as economic barriers, as possible obstacles to the development of a community mental health service in Ireland.Conclusion: Policy and decision making committees need to address the balance of the mental health care professionals represented on those committees.
Conversion disorder, sexual abuse and interprofessional communication – some lessons to be re-learned
Authors: Kelly Ciaran , Moran Thomas , Myatt Paul 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe describe an adolescent boy who presented with physical symptoms, for which no organic cause could be found. He proved a challenge to medical management and we highlight the reluctance to consider making a diagnosis of conversion disorder. Significant medical contact since infancy, a history of sexual abuse, and current stressors are considered as having contributed to his presentation. We discuss general issues in the management of conversion disorder and consider the risks of neglecting this diagnosis as technological advances are made and sophisticated investigations are relied upon.
Psychiatrists and family therapy: impressions at the interface of ideology and practice
Authors: Sheerin Declan Finnian 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe reception of family therapy into a psychiatric profession that during the 50s was inclined to sanctify the individual psyche rather than the system inevitably polarized the profession. Psychiatrists contribute a significant referral imput to family therapy services in public health settings and therefore their knowledge of and disposition towards family therapy are influential elements of the context within which family therapy is practised, (i) This paper, through the use of a questionnaire, addresses qualitatively the prevailing attitudes and conceptualizations of psychiatrists working in the Eastern Health Board, Ireland, regarding family therapy, (ii) It looks at these opinions in the context of recent research findings on the efficacy of family therapy and highlights a famine of concise information regarding specific family treatment modalities, (iii) Finally it looks at the difficult relationship that exists between the old and the new epistemologies, which may be termed the ‘conservative and the impetuous’, and the implications for legitimate research into family therapy in the context of a consumerist-driven health service and at the interface of conflicting ideologies.
Community-Based Training Programmes For Young Offenders: Perceptions of Programme Impact
Authors: Shorts Ivor D. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis paper presents the programme perceptions of male young offenders involved in 2 Dublin community training workshops. Most of the sample indicated that they perceived their training to have had an overall positive impact (ranging from a moderate to a very substantial extent) in various areas of skills and personal development. Those emerging with a higher level of self-confidence, predictably, had also perceived themselves to have benefited more in almost all areas. Ambivalent predictions of the sample in respect of their future employment and re-offending tended to be associated with fewer perceived programme benefits, than were optimistic predictions.
Psychological Distress & Attitude to Authority in a Sample of Irish Adolescents
Authors: Williams H , Fitzgerald M , Kinsella A 
Published: March 2016

Abstract92 adolescents (mean age 13.8 yrs) at a North Dublin school completed the GHQ - 30 and the attitude to authority scale. A high level of psychological distress (as measured by the GHQ - 30) was found, with 44% of the sample reporting 6 or more symptoms. The majority of students (84%) however expressed pro-authority feelings. A negative correlation was found between the level of distress and positive attitude towards parents. The possible clinical relevance is discussed
A liaison psychiatry experience of epilepsy
Authors: Byrne Alan P 
Published: March 2016

AbstractOf three hundred and sixty-one cases seen in a liaison psychiatry service over a twelve-month period, fifteen cases presented with psychiatric symptoms related to epileptic activity, or the treatment thereof. Seven new cases of epilepsy were diagnosed on the basis of primarily psychiatric phenomenology. The fact that twenty-five per cent of patients with epilepsy seen during this period had been incorrectly diagnosed gives cause for concern, and examination of the factors which caused diagnostic difficulty in these cases reveals details of interest to practising clinicians.
Christmas census at a district general hospital psychiatric unit
Authors: Ballard Clive , Bannister Carol , Davis Rachel , Handy Sumi , Cullen Paul , Chithiramohan Ramalingam 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe present a descriptive study discussing the reasons why patients remained as in-patients within the psychiatric unit over the Christmas period. In over 50% of cases continuation of in-patient stay was necessitated by the severity of mental illness. However, a significant minority of patients were unable to leave because of either poor family support or reduced input from the community mental health services. There was some evidence of Christmas good will influencing admission policy with a significantly greater number of patients admitted with alcohol problems over the week before Christmas all of whom were lonely and expressed a preference to be in hospital.A more long term problem was also evident as an important minority of patients' hospital stay was unnecessarily prolonged because of unavailability of suitable community placements.
Serum immunoglobulins in tardive dyskinesia — implication for pathogenesis of the syndrome
Authors: Youssef Hanafy 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLevels of immunoglobulins were measured in 32 schizophrenic patients with tardive dyskinesia and 34 schizophrenic patients without tardive dyskinesia. The duration of neuroleptic treatment in years was similar in the two groups. The serum immunoglobulin concentrations (mg%) were found to be significantly different in the two groups; IGA and IGM levels were higher in patients with tardive dyskinesia. The present results may be explained on the basis of dysfunction of the immunological system in tardive dyskinesia.
The early signs of manic relapse after lithium discontinuation and their clinical implications
Authors: Mander A J 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe earliest signs and symptoms of manic relapse in eight bipolar patients after lithium discontinuation were changes in talkativeness, motor performance, self-confidence and sleep pattern; only two patients reported a change in mood. These changes were initially subtle and did not occur in patients who stayed well after stopping lithium. The lack of affective symptoms might result in clinicians ascribing the changes to the removal of the sedative and cognitive slowing properties of lithium, rather than signs of an impending relapse; similar changes may well occur in patients whose relapse is not associated with lithium discontinuation. Prompt early treatment with lithium (and additional thioridazine in some cases) resulted in only two patients requiring readmission, both for ten days. It is concluded that such symptoms may indicate an impending relapse and prompt treatment is recommended.
The secondary sexual characteristics of the brain
Authors: Breathnach C S 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn the avian cerebrum and in the spinal cord, sympathetic ganglia, hypothalamico pre-optic area and cerebral cortex of the rat sexually dimorphic' nuclei are clearly recognisable. Similar differences have been described in the human brain. Morphometric analysis has shown a sexually dimorphic nucleus in the pre-optic area. There is continuing controversy over differences in the size and shape of the corpus callosum, but there is accumulating evidence of cerebral asymmetry with more focal representation of language and praxic functions in the left cerebral hemisphere in females. The various sensory modalitites also show gender differences. The significance of these secondary sexual variations in brain structure resides in the developmental and behavioural characteristics of the underlying neural circuits.
Psychiatric power: A personal view
Authors: Bracken Pat 
Published: March 2016

One of the most important questions facing psychiatry today concerns its relationship to the emerging international service user movement. I believe that this movement presents not only the greatest challenge to psychiatry, but also the greatest opportunity. As it becomes more organised and influential this movement is starting to play a major role in shaping the sort of questions that are being asked about mental health services and their priorities. Yet there is limited reflection in our profession about how we, as doctors, might engage positively with it. It seems that while we are comfortable working with individuals and organisations who accept the medical framing of mental problems, we are less willing to contemplate working with critical service users. These are people who reject the medical model because they feel harmed by a system that describes their problems using the language of psychopathology. If we are serious about having an inclusive debate on mental health we will have to overcome this impasse. We need to entertain the idea that people who reject the medical framing of their problems are nevertheless legitimate stakeholders. It is time that we learned how to talk to them and to listen to their ideas. The user movement, with its substantial critical component, is not going to go away.One of the most important elements of the relationship between psychiatric services and the people who use them is the reality of psychiatric power. Many critical service users accept that legally sanctioned interventions may be necessary when individuals lose capacity to care for themselves and perhaps put themselves or others at risk. However they do not accept the fact that the Mental Health Act in Ireland gives sole authority to doctors to take decisions on such interventions without any obligation to consult other interested parties.
Textured Voices and the Performance of Ethical Life in the Case of the Laff Box (1966)
Authors: McCARTHY DAVID 
Published: March 2016

AbstractTextured voices include both voices heard as interpolated into a musical texture and voices heard as having their own textured character, whether as a ‘voice’ with a ‘timbre’ or as a ‘collective voice’ with a ‘composite timbre’ made up of many voices, each textured itself. They have often been heard as performances of ethical life. Comparisons between these performances can be misleading because the contingencies characterizing the textured voice for a listener who listens in a particular way can make each performance irreducible. A pair of articles and cartoons inTV Guidefrom the summer of 1966 depict the making of a textured laugh track as a contradictory activity. Yet they seem to resolve contradictions into surface conflicts between individuated parties. Listening for textured voices in this case was itself a political activity because it was productive of more than one distinct form of ethical life.
Do Cardiovascular Responses to Active and Passive Coping Tasks predict Future Blood Pressure over a 10-Month Later?
Authors: Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong , Baker Ian , Maratos Frankie , Sheffield David 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe study examined whether cardiovascular responses to active or passive coping tasks and single or multiple tasks predicted changes in resting blood pressure (BP) over a ten-month period. Heart rate (HR), BP, cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were measured at rest, and during mental stress tests (mental arithmetic, speech, and cold pressor tasks). A total of 104 eligible participants participated in the initial study, and 77 (74.04%) normotensive adult participants’ resting BP were re-evaluated at ten-month follow-up. Regression analyses indicated that after adjustment for baseline BP, initial age, gender, body mass index, family history of cardiovascular disease, and current cigarette smoking, heighted systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR responses to an active coping task (mental arithmetic) were associated with increased future SBP (ΔR2= .060, ΔR2= .045, respectively). Further, aggregated SBP responsivity (over the three tasks) to the predictor models resulted in significant, but smaller increases in ΔR2accounting for .040 of the variance of follow-up SBP. These findings suggest that cardiovascular responses to active coping tasks predict future SBP. Further, compared with single tasks, the findings revealed that SBP responses to three tasks were less predictive compared to an individual task (i.e., mental arithmetic). Of importance, hemodynamic reactivity (namely CO and TPR) did not predict future BP suggesting that more general psychophysiological processes (e.g., inflammation, platelet aggregation) may be implicated, or that BP, but not hemodynamic reactivity may be a marker of hypertension.
Coexistence of charge and ferromagnetic order in fcc Fe
Authors: Hsu Pin-Jui , Kügel Jens , Kemmer Jeannette , Parisen Toldin Francesco , Mauerer Tobias , Vogt Matthias , Assaad Fakher , Bode Matthias 
Published: March 2016

AbstractPhase coexistence phenomena have been intensively studied in strongly correlated materials where several ordered states simultaneously occur or compete. Material properties critically depend on external parameters and boundary conditions, where tiny changes result in qualitatively different ground states. However, up to date, phase coexistence phenomena have exclusively been reported for complex compounds composed of multiple elements. Here we show that charge- and magnetically ordered states coexist in double-layer Fe/Rh(001). Scanning tunnelling microscopy and spectroscopy measurements reveal periodic charge-order stripes below a temperature of 130 K. Close to liquid helium temperature, they are superimposed by ferromagnetic domains as observed by spin-polarized scanning tunnelling microscopy. Temperature-dependent measurements reveal a pronounced cross-talk between charge and spin order at the ferromagnetic ordering temperature about 70 K, which is successfully modelled within an effective Ginzburg–Landau ansatz including sixth-order terms. Our results show that subtle balance between structural modifications can lead to competing ordering phenomena.
A porcine model of osteosarcoma
Authors: Saalfrank A , Janssen K-P , Ravon M , Flisikowski K , Eser S , Steiger K , Flisikowska T , Müller-Fliedner P , Schulze É , Brönner C , Gnann A , Kappe E , Böhm B , Schade B , Certa U , Saur D , Esposito I , Kind A , Schnieke A 
Published: March 2016

AbstractWe previously produced pigs with a latent oncogenic TP53 mutation. Humans with TP53 germline mutations are predisposed to a wide spectrum of early-onset cancers, predominantly breast, brain, adrenal gland cancer, soft tissue sarcomas and osteosarcomas. Loss of p53 function has been observed in >50% of human cancers. Here we demonstrate that porcine mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) convert to a transformed phenotype after activation of latent oncogenic TP53R167H and KRASG12D, and overexpression of MYC promotes tumorigenesis. The process mimics key molecular aspects of human sarcomagenesis. Transformed porcine MSCs exhibit genomic instability, with complex karyotypes, and develop into sarcomas on transplantation into immune-deficient mice. In pigs, heterozygous knockout of TP53 was sufficient for spontaneous osteosarcoma development in older animals, whereas homozygous TP53 knockout resulted in multiple large osteosarcomas in 7–8-month-old animals. This is the first report that engineered mutation of an endogenous tumour-suppressor gene leads to invasive cancer in pigs. Unlike in Trp53 mutant mice, osteosarcoma developed in the long bones and skull, closely recapitulating the human disease. These animals thus promise a model for juvenile osteosarcoma, a relatively uncommon but devastating disease.
Arctic Vortex changes alter the sources and isotopic values of precipitation in northeastern US
Authors: Puntsag Tamir , Mitchell Myron J. , Campbell John L. , Klein Eric S. , Likens Gene E. , Welker Jeffrey M. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractAltered atmospheric circulation, reductions in Arctic sea ice, ocean warming, and changes in evaporation and transpiration are driving changes in the global hydrologic cycle. Precipitation isotopic (δ18O and δ2H) measurements can help provide a mechanistic understanding of hydrologic change at global and regional scales. To study the changing water cycle in the northeastern US, we examined the longest (1968–2010) record of precipitation isotope values, collected at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in New Hampshire, US (43o56′N, 71o45′W). We found a significant reduction in δ18O and δ2H values over the 43-year record, coupled with a significant increase ind-excessvalues. This gradual reduction in δ18O and δ2H values unexpectedly occurred during a period of regional warming. We provide evidence that these changes are governed by the interactions among the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation, loss of Arctic sea ice, the fluctuating jet stream, and regular incursions of polar air into the northeastern US.
Mechanism and modulation of terahertz generation from a semimetal - graphite
Authors: Ye Tong , Meng Sheng , Zhang Jin , E Yiwen , Yang Yuping , Liu Wuming , Yin Yan , Wang Li 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSemi-metals might offer a stronger interaction and a better confinement for terahertz wave than semiconductors, while preserve tunability. Particularly, graphene-based materials are envisioned as terahertz modulators, filters and ultra-broadband sources. However, the understanding of terahertz generation from those materials is still not clear, thus limits us recognizing the potential and improving device performances. Graphite, the mother material of graphene and a typical bulk semi-metal, is a good system to study semi-metals and graphene-based materials. Here we experimentally modulate and maximize the terahertz signal from graphite surface, thus reveal the mechanism - surface field driving photon induced carriers into transient current to radiate terahertz wave. We also discuss the differences between graphite and semiconductors; particularly graphite shows very weak temperature dependency from room temperature to 80 °C. Above knowledge will help us understand terahertz generations, achieve maximum output and electric modulation, in semi-metal or graphene based devices.
Hypoxia-induced nitric oxide production and tumour perfusion is inhibited by pegylated arginine deiminase (ADI-PEG20)
Authors: Burrows Natalie , Cane Gaelle , Robson Mathew , Gaude Edoardo , J. Howat William , Szlosarek Peter W. , Pedley R. Barbara , Frezza Christian , Ashcroft Margaret , Maxwell Patrick H. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe hypoxic tumour microenvironment represents an aggressive, therapy-resistant compartment. As arginine is required for specific hypoxia-induced processes, we hypothesised that arginine-deprivation therapy may be useful in targeting hypoxic cancer cells. We explored the effects of the arginine-degrading agent ADI-PEG20 on hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activation, the hypoxia-induced nitric oxide (NO) pathway and proliferation using HCT116 and UMUC3 cells and xenografts. The latter lack argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS1) making them auxotrophic for arginine. In HCT116 cells, ADI-PEG20 inhibited hypoxic-activation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α, leading to decreased inducible-nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), NO-production, and VEGF. Interestingly, combining hypoxia and ADI-PEG20 synergistically inhibited ASS1. ADI-PEG20 inhibited mTORC1 and activated the unfolded protein response providing a mechanism for inhibition of HIF and ASS1. ADI-PEG20 inhibited tumour growth, impaired hypoxia-associated NO-production, and decreased vascular perfusion. Expression of HIF-1α/HIF-2α/iNOS and VEGF were reduced, despite an increased hypoxic tumour fraction. Similar effects were observed in UMUC3 xenografts. In summary, ADI-PEG20 inhibits HIF-activated processes in two tumour models with widely different arginine biology. Thus, ADI-PEG20 may be useful in the clinic to target therapy-resistant hypoxic cells in ASS1-proficient tumours and ASS1-deficient tumours.
Investigation and Manipulation of Different Analog Behaviors of Memristor as Electronic Synapse for Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Wang Changhong , He Wei , Tong Yi , Zhao Rong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractLow-power and high-density electronic synapse is an important building block of brain-inspired systems. The recent advancement in memristor has provided an opportunity to advance electronic synapse design. However, a guideline on designing and manipulating the memristor’s analog behaviors is still lacking. In this work, we reveal that compliance current (Icomp) of electroforming process played an important role in realizing a stable analog behavior, which is attributed to the generation of conical-type conductive filament. A proper Icomp could result in a large conductance window, good stability and low voltage analog switching. We further reveal that different pulse conditions can lead to three analog behaviors, where the conductance changes in monotonic increase, plateau after initial jump and impulse-like shape, respectively. These behaviors could benefit the design of electronic synapse with enriched learning capabilities. This work will provide a useful guideline for designing and manipulating memristor as electronic synapses for brain-inspired systems.