bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Marine reserves indirectly affect fine‐scale habitat associations, but not overall densities, of small benthic fishes
Authors: Smith Adam N. H. , Anderson Marti J. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMany large, fishery‐targeted predatory species have attained very high relative densities as a direct result of protection by no‐take marine reserves. Indirect effects, via interactions with targeted species, may also occur for species that are not themselves targeted by fishing. In some temperate rocky reef ecosystems, indirect effects have caused profound changes in community structure, notably the restoration of predator–urchin–macroalgae trophic cascades. Yet, indirect effects on small benthic reef fishes remain poorly understood, perhaps because of behavioral associations with complex, refuge‐providing habitats. Few, if any, studies have evaluated any potential effects of marine reserves on habitat associations in small benthic fishes. We surveyed densities of small benthic fishes, including some endemic species of triplefin (Tripterygiidae), along with fine‐scale habitat features in kelp forests on rocky reefs in and around multiple marine reserves in northern New Zealand over 3 years. Bayesian generalized linear mixed models were used to evaluate evidence for (1) main effects of marine reserve protection, (2) associations with habitat gradients, including complexity, and (3) differences in habitat associations inside versus outside reserves. No evidence of overall main effects of marine reserves on species richness or densities of fishes was found. Both richness and densities showed strong associations with gradients in habitat features, particularly habitat complexity. In addition, some species exhibited reserve‐by‐habitat interactions, having different associations with habitat gradients inside versus outside marine reserves. Two species (Ruanoho whero and Forsterygion flavonigrum) showed stronger positive associations with habitat complexity inside reserves. These results are consistent with the presence of a behavioral risk effect, whereby prey fishes are more strongly attracted to habitats that provide refuge from predation in areas where predators are more abundant. This work highlights the importance of habitat structure and the potential for fishing to affect behavioral interactions and the interspecific dynamic attributes of community structure beyond simple predator–prey consumption and archetypal trophic cascades.
Electrochemical Sensor Based on Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube, Alizarine Red S and Chitosan for Simultaneous Determination of Oxomemazine Hydrochloride, Paracetamol and Guaifenesin
Authors: Mohammed Mona A. , Attia Ali K. , Elwy Hanan M. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA simple and highly sensitive sensor has been used for the determination of oxomemazine hydrochloride (OXO) in presence of paracetamol (PAR) and guaifenesin (GU). Carbon paste electrode was modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT), alizarine red S (AZ) and chitosan (CH). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were used to characterize the nanostructure and performance of the sensor. Under the optimized experimental conditions OXO gave linear response over the range of 2.00×10−6–1.00×10−4 mol L−1. The detection limit was found to be 4.35×10−7 mol L−1. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by measuring the concentration of OXO in pharmaceutical samples and urine. This revealed that suggested sensor shows excellent analytical performance for the determination of OXO in terms of a very low detection limit, high sensitivity and selectivity.
Long‐life Heavy Metal Ions Sensor Based on Graphene Oxide‐anchored Conducting Polymer
Authors: Park Min‐Ouk , Noh Hui‐Bog , Park Deog‐Su , Yoon Jang‐Hee , Shim Yoon‐Bo 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA long‐life electrochemical sensor for the continuous analysis of heavy metal ions (Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II)) was developed using the graphene oxide (GO) anchored‐functionalized polyterthiophene (poly[3′‐(2‐aminopyrimidyl)‐2,2′:5′,2′′‐terthiophene], polyPATT) composite. The PATT monomer was synthesized and polymerized with GO to form the composite using a potential cycling method, followed by Nafion coating. The modified sensor surface was characterized employing electrochemical and surface analysis methods. Experimental variables affecting the analytical performance were optimized. Interference effects of other metal ions having similar redox potentials were also investigated. The performance of chronocoulometry (CC) without predeposition was compared with the results of square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) with predeposition. The dynamic range of CC for the target ions were between 1 ppb and 10 ppm, respectively with the detection limits between 0.05 (±0.05) and 0.20 (±0.15) ppb for the CC method without predeposition, and between 0.08 (±0.05) and 0.30 (±0.12) ppb for the SWASV with 300 sec of deposition time (n=3). The reliability of the method was evaluated by continuously analysing environmental water samples using a single sensor probe in a flow system for 93 days.
Synthesis of Nitrogen‐Doped Electrospun Carbon Nanofibers as Anode Material for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Chen Chen , Lu Yao , Ge Yeqian , Zhu Jiadeng , Jiang Han , Li Yongqiang , Hu Yi , Zhang Xiangwu 
Published: August 2016

AbstractNitrogen‐doped carbon nanofibers (CNFs) were synthesized using a facile electrospinning technique with the addition of urea as a nitrogen‐doping agent. The amount of urea was selectively adjusted to control the degree and effectiveness of N‐doping. The morphology of N‐doped CNFs was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, whereas their electrochemical performance was studied using cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge experiments. The nitrogen content of N‐doped CNFs increased significantly from 11.31 % to 19.06 % when the doping amount of urea increased from 0 % to 30 %. N‐doping also played an important role in improving the electrochemical performance of the CNFs by introducing more defects in the carbon structure. Results showed that N‐doped CNFs with the highest nitrogen content (19.06 %) exhibited the largest reversible capacity of 354 mAh g−1 under a current density of 50 mA g−1; and when the current density was increased to 1 A g−1, a capacity of 193 mAh g−1 was still maintained. It is, therefore, demonstrated that N‐doped CNFs have great potential as suitable sodium‐ion battery anode material.
Enhanced Electricity Generation and Pollutant Degradation by Hybrid Photoelectrochemical and Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Du Yue , Zhou Xiangtong , Qu Youpeng , Liu Jia , Feng Yujie , Ren Nanqi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractA hybrid photoelectrochemical and microbial fuel cell (HPMFC) is constructed for simultaneous utilization of solar energy and bioenergy by installing a TiO2photoanode next to a bioanode that shares the same cathode in a microbial fuel cell (MFC). Connecting the photoelectrochemical (PEC) circuit results in enhanced cathode potentials for the MFC based on the differences in power output characteristics of MFC and PEC alone. The improved power production of the MFC is accompanied by a relatively small decline in the power density of the PEC, yielding an overall enhancement in power output for the HPMFC.
Catalytic Conversion of Glucose Micropyrolysis Vapors in Methane—using Isotope Labeling to Reveal Reaction Pathways
Authors: Gunawardena Duminda A. , Fernando Sandun D. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractCurrent biomass deoxygenation technologies require large quantities H2. Gaseous hydrogen is not a naturally‐occurring raw material and is largely produced industrially via natural gas/methane steam reforming. Due to its high thermodynamic stability, direct use of methane as a hydrogen‐donor for deoxygenation of complex oxygenates has not yet been demonstrated. Using catalytic pyrolysis studies performed at 700 °C with isotope labeled methane and glucose over Ni, Pt, Mo, and Ga impregnated HZSM‐5 (Si/Al ratio 30), here we show that methane, in fact, could be used as a direct hydrogen donor for deoxygenation reactions. The amount of aromatic hydrocarbons produced increased primarily in the presence of Mo (125 % increase), and to a lesser degree, Pt (50 % increase), and Ni (22 % increase) impregnated HZSM‐5 catalysts in a methane environment. Based on the metal present, results indicate the occurrence of distinct and concurrent reactions to various degrees: methane (steam) reforming and oxygenate dehydration reaction; independent aromatization of methane and oxygenates; and an intriguing methane oxygenate cross‐coupling reaction where both hydrogen and carbon from methane ending up in resultant deoxygenated aromatic products. This technique paves way for the direct use of methane/natural gas for deoxygenation reactions critical to biorefining.
Mother and child temperament as interacting correlates of parenting sense of competence in toddlerhood
Authors: Grady Jessica S. , Karraker Katherine 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe examined mother and child temperament as correlates of mothers' perceptions of the parenting role and considered whether mother and child traits combine to relate to parenting beliefs. Participants were 107 mothers of 21‐ to 27‐month‐old toddlers (53 males). Mothers reported their own and their toddlers' temperament and their own parenting sense of competence. Consistent with past work, both maternal and child traits were independently associated with parenting sense of competence. Mother and child negative emotionality were associated with less parenting sense of competence, and child sociability was associated with more parenting sense of competence. Relations between child activity level and parenting beliefs were mixed, with child activity level associated with less efficacy, but more interest, in parenting. Some of the relations between child temperament and maternal parenting beliefs also varied depending on mothers' temperament. Child low negative emotionality and high sociability were associated with more parenting sense of competence only when mothers also shared these traits. Child shyness was associated with more parenting sense of competence only among mothers who were more sociable. Findings underscore the importance of considering parenting beliefs in the context of both mother and child temperament traits.Highlights

We examined child and maternal traits in relation to parenting efficacy, satisfaction, and interest in mothers of toddlers.
Child negativity, activity, sociability, and shyness were related to mothers' parenting beliefs, and some of these associations varied depending on mothers' temperament.
Research that considers both mother and child traits in relation to parenting self‐perceptions may ultimately inform interventions to promote positive parenting beliefs and optimal child development.
Latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacial events in the Colonia valley, Northern Patagonia Icefield, southern Chile
Authors: Nimick David A. , McGrath Daniel , Mahan Shannon A. , Friesen Beverly A. , Leidich Jonathan 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTThe Northern Patagonia Icefield (NPI) is the primary glaciated terrain worldwide at its latitude (46.5–47.5°S), and constraining its glacial history provides unique information for reconstructing Southern Hemisphere paleoclimate. The Colonia Glacier is the largest outlet glacier draining the eastern NPI. Ages were determined using dendrochronology, lichenometry, radiocarbon, cosmogenic 10Be and optically stimulated luminescence. Dated moraines in the Colonia valley defined advances at 13.2 ± 0.95, 11.0 ± 0.47 and 4.96 ± 0.21 ka, with the last being the first constraint on the onset of Neoglaciation for the eastern NPI from a directly dated landform. Dating in the tributary Cachet valley, which contains an ice‐dammed lake during periods of Colonia Glacier expansion, defined an advance at ca. 2.95 ± 0.21 ka, periods of advancement at 810 ± 49 cal a BP and 245 ± 13 cal a BP, and retreat during the intervening periods. Recent Colonia Glacier thinning, which began in the late 1800s, opened a lower‐elevation outlet channel for Lago Cachet Dos in ca. 1960. Our data provide the most comprehensive set of Latest Pleistocene and Holocene ages for a single NPI outlet glacier and expand previously developed NPI glacial chronologies.
Effect of acid treatment on allergenicity of peanut and egg
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Ok , Sung Dongeun , Park Su Hwa , Lee Jinyoung , Kim Jihyun , Shon Dong‐Hwa , Ahn Kangmo , Han Youngshin 
Published: August 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMany food experts have studied various treatments or processing techniques in order to develop hypoallergenic foods. In a previous study, acid treatment dramatically mitigated the allergenicity of peanut, especially Ara h 2.RESULTSGel electrophoresis showed that most protein bands of acid‐treated peanut were not detected, but protein bands of egg white became weaker and broader by acid treatment. In immunoblotting using a rabbit antibody, the antigenicity against ovalbumin or ovomucoid in acid‐treated egg white was decreased but the antigenicity against Ara h 1 or Ara h 2 in peanut treated with pH 2 acetic acid was completely undetected. The allergenicity of ovalbumin and peanut fell significantly to 1/1022 and 1/5380, respectively, when measured as IC50 in the sample treated with pH 2.0 acetic acid.CONCLUSIONThis study showed that acid treatment was more effective in peanut and barely effective in ovomucoid. This may contribute to the development of hypoallergenic food and clinical management of food allergy. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Inertes Schwefelhexafluorid aktivieren
Authors: Zámostná Lada , Braun Thomas 
Published: August 2016

AbstractSchwefelhexafluorid dient seit Jahren als Isolator‐ und Kühlgas; dabei ist es das stärkste bekannte Treibhausgas. Es abzubauen, war bisher nur unter harschen Reaktionsbedingungen möglich. Es geht aber auch anders, zum Beispiel mit Natrium bei – 64 °C oder mit einem Rhodiumkatalysator.
Wenn der Spargel holzig wird
Authors: Schäfer Judith , Bunzel Mirko 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGemüse, das zu lange lagert, wird oft zäh, faserig oder holzig. Die Ursache sind chemische Veränderungen in den pflanzlichen Zellwänden: bei Ligninstrukturen und Polysaccharidprofilen. Beobachten lassen sich diese Vorgänge beispielsweise an Spargel.
Jeder kann mitmachen
Authors: Leusmann Eliza , Remenyi Christian 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDie Redaktion Chemie der deutschsprachigen Wikipedia gibt es seit zehn Jahren. Sie besteht aus 17 ständigen und 9 gelegentlichen Redakteuren zwischen 18 und 90 Jahren – vom Erstsemester bis zum Rentner. Alle machen diese Arbeit ehrenamtlich.
Kunststoffpartikel sind überall – auch in Lebensmitteln?
Authors: Goldbeck Christophe , Fürst Peter , Humpf Hans‐Ulrich , Schymanski Darena 
Published: August 2016

AbstractMikroplastik hat als Umweltproblem inzwischen große Aufmerksamkeit erlangt. Kaum untersucht hingegen ist, ob auch Lebensmittel die winzigen Kunststoffpartikel enthalten; gängige Analysenmethoden erfassen bisher nur die größeren Mikroplastikpartikel, Untersuchungen im unteren Mikrometerbereich fehlen. Voraussetzung für eine zuverlässige Analytik ist eine kontaminationsfreie Probenaufarbeitung – die ist allerdings schwierig, denn Kunststoffe und deren Partikel kommen fast überall vor.
Großindustrie: Verlorene Firmen
Authors: Kleemann Axel 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWenn Unternehmen sich zusammenschließen, hoffen sie auf synergistische Effekte. Dies sind größere Marktmacht, Personalkostensenkungen, Projektkürzungen und geringere Innovationsanstrengungen. Dadurch hat sich die Pharmaindustrie in den vergangenen 15 Jahren stark verändert.
Selbstständigkeit: „Der Punkt, an dem man sich entscheiden muss“
Authors: Zbikowski Frauke 
Published: August 2016

AbstractDer Chemiker Dominic Franck wollte wissen, woraus sich die Windeln seiner Töchter zusammensetzen, begann Fragen zu stellen und zu forschen. Nun bringt er mit Fairwindel eine Alternative aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen auf den Markt. Wie er zum Unternehmer wurde, schildert er im Nachrichten‐Interview.
Assessing the reproducibility of high definition urethral pressure profilometry and its correlation with an air‐charged system
Authors: Klünder Mario , Amend Bastian , Sawodny Oliver , Stenzl Arnulf , Ederer Michael , Kelp Alexandra , Sievert Karl‐Dietrich , Feuer Ronny 
Published: August 2016

IntroductionRecently, a new urodynamic method for the assessment of stress urinary incontinence called high definition urethral pressure profilometry (HD‐UPP) has been introduced. This method combines a novel microtip catheter with advanced signal processing to enable spatial data location and the reconstruction of a pressure image inside the urethra. In order to assess the reproducibility of HD‐UPP data, we statistically evaluate HD‐UPP datasets and compare them to data from a double balloon air‐charged system.Materials and MethodsBoth catheters are used on sedated female minipigs. Data from the microtip catheter are processed through a signal reconstruction algorithm, urodynamic features are extracted, and compared to the air‐charged system. Reproducibility of HD‐UPP data is assessed by statistically evaluating consecutive, intra‐individual datasets.ResultsHD‐UPP delivers results in agreement with previous comparisons of microtip and air‐charged systems. The average deviation of two consecutive, intra‐individual pressure images is very low at 7 cm H2O.ConclusionsHD‐UPP provides physicians with detailed information on the pressure distribution inside the urethra. Through comparison with an air‐charged catheter, it is shown that HD‐UPP delivers results in agreement with previous studies on the comparison of microtip and air‐charged catheters. It provides excellent reproducibility, as the difference between sequentially measured profiles from the same minipig is significantly lower than the one between profiles from different minipigs.
Lattice spring methods for arbitrary meshes in two and three dimensions
Authors: Reck M. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryThe computation of elastic continua is widely used in today's engineering practice, and finite element models yield a reasonable approximation of the physically observed behaviour. In contrast, the failure of materials due to overloading can be seen as a sequence of discontinuous effects finally leading to a system failure. Until now, it has not been possible to sufficiently predict this process with numerical simulations. It has recently been shown that discrete models like lattice spring models are a promising alternative to finite element models for computing the breakdown of materials because of static overstress and fatigue. In this paper, we will address one of the downsides of current lattice spring models, the need for a periodic mesh leading to a mesh‐induced anisotropy of material failure in simulations. We will show how to derive irregular cells that still behave as part of a homogeneous continuum irrespectively of their shape and which should be able to eliminate mesh‐induced anisotropy. In addition, no restraints concerning the material stiffness tensor are introduced, which allows the simulation of non‐isotropic materials. Finally, we compare the elastic response of the presented model with present lattice spring models using mechanical systems with a known analytical stress field. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
What weight loss treatment options do geriatric patients with overweight and obesity want to consider?
Authors: MacMillan M. , Cummins K. , Fujioka K. 
Published: August 2016

SummaryIntroductionSince the 1990s, a number of weight loss medications have been removed from the USA and or European market because of adverse events associated with these medications. These medications include fenfluramine (heart valve thickening), sibutramine (cardiovascular risk) and rimonabant (depression). This history may affect a patient's desire to consider weight loss medications as an option for weight management.ObjectiveThis descriptive study was designed to observe what treatment options the geriatric patient (age 65 or higher) seeking weight loss would like to consider, as well as the reasons they felt they struggled with overweight or obesity.MethodsA questionnaire was given to 102 geriatric patients with overweight or obesity before starting a weight loss programme at a weight management centre. The questionnaire asked the patient why they felt they were overweight or obese and what treatment options they wished to consider. The geriatric patients were matched with younger patients in body mass index and sex.ResultsThe three most common perceptions that geriatric patients felt were causes of their increased weight were ‘lack of exercise’ (76.2%), ‘poor food choices’ (59.4%) and ‘cravings’ (47.5%). When geriatric patients were asked what treatment options they would like to discuss, the four most common options requested were ‘diet and healthy eating’ (67.3%), weight loss medications (57.4%), a request for a ‘metabolic work up’ (55.4%) and ‘exercise’ (53.5%). These responses were no different from their younger cohorts. When geriatric patients with a body mass index of 35 or higher were given bariatric surgery as a treatment option, 21.9% marked it as a treatment option they would like to consider.ConclusionsOver half of geriatric patients desired to discuss weight loss medications as a treatment option. Diet and exercise were also of strong interest, which is in line with current weight management guidelines.
Homozygous α‐thalassemia: Challenges surrounding early identification, treatment, and cure
Authors: Pecker Lydia H. , Guerrera Michael F. , Loechelt Brett , Massaro An , Abraham Allistair A. , Fasano Ross M. , Meier Emily Riehm 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe prognosis for homozygous α‐thalassemia is changing. Prenatal diagnosis and intrauterine transfusions (IUT) reduce maternofetal morbidity and mortality; hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is curative. Empiric evidence to support IUT and HSCT to treat homozygous α‐thalassemia is lacking. The first case of curative HSCT for homozygous α‐thalassemia was reported in 1997. Nearly 20 years later, five additional reports are published. We review the literature and report an institutional experience with three homozygous α‐thalassemia patients. The first died shortly after birth. The second underwent HSCT after years of chronic transfusion therapy. The third benefited from IUT and HSCT. These cases exemplify the varied outcomes associated with this condition.
Dependence and phase changes in random m‐ary search trees
Authors: Chern Hua‐Huai , Fuchs Michael , Hwang Hsien‐Kuei , Neininger Ralph 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe study the joint asymptotic behavior of the space requirement and the total path length (either summing over all root‐key distances or over all root‐node distances) in random m‐ary search trees. The covariance turns out to exhibit a change of asymptotic behavior: it is essentially linear when , but becomes of higher order when . Surprisingly, the corresponding asymptotic correlation coefficient tends to zero when , but is periodically oscillating for larger m, and we also prove asymptotic independence when . Such a less anticipated phenomenon is not exceptional and our results can be extended in two directions: one for more general shape parameters, and the other for other classes of random log‐trees such as fringe‐balanced binary search trees and quadtrees. The methods of proof combine asymptotic transfer for the underlying recurrence relations with the contraction method. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 50, 353–379, 2017