bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global environmental change effects on plant community composition trajectories depend upon management legacies
Authors: Perring Michael P. , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Baeten Lander , Midolo Gabriele , Blondeel Haben , Depauw Leen , Landuyt Dries , Maes Sybryn L. , De Lombaerde Emiel , Carón Maria Mercedes , Vellend Mark , Brunet Jörg , Chudomelová Markéta , Decocq Guillaume , Diekmann Martin , Dirnböck Thomas , Dörfler Inken , Durak Tomasz , De Frenne Pieter , Gilliam Frank S. , Hédl Radim , Heinken Thilo , Hommel Patrick , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Kirby Keith J. , Kopecký Martin , Lenoir Jonathan , Li Daijiang , Máliš František , Mitchell Fraser J.G. , Naaf Tobias , Newman Miles , Petřík Petr , Reczyńska Kamila , Schmidt Wolfgang , Standovár Tibor , Świerkosz Krzysztof , Van Calster Hans , Vild Ondřej , Wagner Eva Rosa , Wulf Monika , Verheyen Kris 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe contemporary state of functional traits and species richness in plant communities depends on legacy effects of past disturbances. Whether temporal responses of community properties to current environmental changes are altered by such legacies is, however, unknown. We expect global environmental changes to interact with land‐use legacies given different community trajectories initiated by prior management, and subsequent responses to altered resources and conditions. We tested this expectation for species richness and functional traits using 1814 survey‐resurvey plot pairs of understorey communities from 40 European temperate forest datasets, syntheses of management transitions since the year 1800, and a trait database. We also examined how plant community indicators of resources and conditions changed in response to management legacies and environmental change. Community trajectories were clearly influenced by interactions between management legacies from over 200 years ago and environmental change. Importantly, higher rates of nitrogen deposition led to increased species richness and plant height in forests managed less intensively in 1800 (i.e., high forests), and to decreases in forests with a more intensive historical management in 1800 (i.e., coppiced forests). There was evidence that these declines in community variables in formerly coppiced forests were ameliorated by increased rates of temperature change between surveys. Responses were generally apparent regardless of sites’ contemporary management classifications, although sometimes the management transition itself, rather than historic or contemporary management types, better explained understorey responses. Main effects of environmental change were rare, although higher rates of precipitation change increased plant height, accompanied by increases in fertility indicator values. Analysis of indicator values suggested the importance of directly characterising resources and conditions to better understand legacy and environmental change effects. Accounting for legacies of past disturbance can reconcile contradictory literature results and appears crucial to anticipating future responses to global environmental change.
Young consumers’ innovativeness in apparel choices: A model including consumer self‐confidence
Authors: Jürgensen Karin , Guesalaga Rodrigo 
Published: December 2017

AbstractIn industries with network effects, consumer innovators help to trigger the critical mass needed for a product innovation to be successful. Thus, firms can benefit from actions that increase consumer innovativeness in their target markets. Consumer innovativeness has been associated with variables such as hedonic shopping motivation, impulsiveness and status seeking. There is limited work on the impact on consumer innovativeness of consumer characteristics that reflect consumers’ self‐confident ability to choose. This study proposes and tests a model for consumer innovativeness that incorporates variables from previous research and uncovers the importance of consumer self‐confidence. We collect survey data from 534 Chilean girls, ages 10–15. After building constructs with the help of exploratory factor analysis, we analyze the data with linear regression estimation (via OLS). Our results reveal that consumer self‐confidence is positively and significantly related to consumer innovativeness. Our findings also add evidence ‐from a younger age group‐ regarding the significance of status seeking, impulsiveness and hedonic shopping motivation on consumer innovativeness. Results suggest that companies could leverage consumer innovativeness by taking actions to increase consumers’ self‐confidence. Innovative apparel choices in young consumers could possibly also be strengthened by communicating status achievement and by enhancing shopping enjoyment.
Comparison of Marginal and Internal Adaptation of Heat‐Pressed and CAD/CAM Porcelain Laminate Veneers and a 2‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Yuce Mert , Ulusoy Mubin , Turk Ayse Gozde 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTo compare marginal and internal adaptations of porcelain laminate veneers fabricated with heat‐pressed and CAD/CAM techniques, and to evaluate the clinical performances 2 years after cementation.Materials and MethodsThirty heat‐pressed and 31 CAD/CAM porcelain laminate veneers were fabricated for 12 patients. Silicone replicas of each veneer were obtained. Replicas were sectioned into 4 parts to measure adaptations of the veneers. A stereomicroscope was used to measure from 3 locations of replicas for marginal, and 9 locations for internal adaptations at 40x magnification. Clinical evaluations were done at baseline and 6, 12, 18, and 24 months after cementation according to the modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Independent samples t‐test compared the adaptation values between heat‐pressed and CAD/CAM groups. Paired t‐test was used to evaluate marginal and internal adaptations of each group. Differences between the modified USPHS criteria ratings of heat‐pressed and CAD/CAM groups were determined by the Mann‐Whitney U test. Kaplan‐Meier analysis was used to analyze the survival ratings of the veneers (p < 0.05).ResultsThe mean marginal adaptation values of heat‐pressed and CAD/CAM veneers were 295 and 314.98 μm, respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.541). Internal adaptation values of groups were not statistically different either (201.82 μm for heat pressed; 195.47 μm for CAD/CAM p = 0.734). When marginal and internal adaptation values were compared within groups, there were significant differences both for heat‐pressed (p < 0.001) and CAD/CAM (p < 0.001). All veneers were rated 100% satisfactory during the 2‐year period.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, fabrication method, whether CAD/CAM or heat‐pressed, had no effect on the marginal and internal adaptation of porcelain laminate veneers. The results showed that both fabrication techniques performed well after 2 years of clinical performance.
Comparison of the CIELab and CIEDE 2000 Color Difference Formulas on Gingival Color Space
Authors: Gómez‐Polo Cristina , Montero Javier , Gómez‐Polo Miguel , Martin Casado Ana 
Published: December 2017

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas to determine which better reflects the difference in color perception, and whether there are gender differences in color perception.Materials and MethodsFifty‐six participants grouped 21 different‐colored disks made of pink porcelain (color range: from 36.8 to 63.9 for L*, from 16.4 to 35.2 for a*, from 6.2 to 21.6 for b*), in which the only requirement was that each group be comprised of disks with chromatically indistinguishable colors. Each participant was free to choose the number and composition of the groups. Using the results obtained, a dissimilarity matrix was generated, and nonmetric multidimensional scaling (MDS) was applied to obtain the coordinates of the disks within a Euclidean space.ResultsThe linear correlation coefficient between the interpoint distances of the MDS configuration (MDS_total sample) and the color differences with the CIELAB formula (ΔE*ab) was 0.719 (p < 0.001), whereas with the CIEDE2000 formula (ΔE00), it was 0.726 (p < 0.001). For the configuration obtained in the women's group (MDS_w), the correlations between the interpoint distances and the CIELab color difference was 0.720 (p < 0.001), and the CIEDE2000 color differences was 0.730 (p < 0.001). For the configuration obtained in the men's group (MDS_m), the perceived color differences, calculated with both formulas, were less sensitive, 0.670 for CIELab formula and 0.677 for CIEDE2000 formula.ConclusionsConsidering the limitations of this study, the data analyzed indicated that the CIEDE2000 formula reflected the color differences perceived by the human eye similar to the CIELAB formula (ΔE*ab). Also, women were confirmed to be more sensitive than men to differences in color.
Prevalence of mixed genotype hepatitis C virus infections in the UK as determined by genotype‐specific PCR and deep sequencing
Authors: McNaughton A. L. , Sreenu V. B. , Wilkie G. , Gunson R. , Templeton K. , Leitch E. C. M. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe incidence of mixed genotype hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in the UK is largely unknown. As the efficacy of direct‐acting antivirals is variable across different genotypes, treatment regimens are tailored to the infecting genotype, which may pose issues for the treatment of underlying genotypes within undiagnosed mixed genotype HCV infections. There is therefore a need to accurately diagnose mixed genotype infections prior to treatment. PCR‐based diagnostic tools were developed to screen for the occurrence of mixed genotype infections caused by the most common UK genotypes, 1a and 3, in a cohort of 506 individuals diagnosed with either of these genotypes. The overall prevalence rate of mixed infection was 3.8%; however, this rate was unevenly distributed, with 6.7% of individuals diagnosed with genotype 3 harbouring genotype 1a strains and only 0.8% of samples from genotype 1a patients harbouring genotype 3 (P < .05). Mixed infection samples consisted of a major and a minor genotype, with the latter constituting less than 21% of the total viral load and, in 67% of cases, less than 1% of the viral load. Analysis of a subset of the cohort by Illumina PCR next‐generation sequencing resulted in a much greater incidence rate than obtained by PCR. This may have occurred due to the nonquantitative nature of the technique and despite the designation of false‐positive thresholds based on negative controls.
Uptake of direct‐acting antiviral treatment for chronic hepatitis C in Australia
Authors: Hajarizadeh B. , Grebely J. , Matthews G. V. , Martinello M. , Dore G. J. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryA government‐funded interferon‐free direct‐acting antiviral (DAA) treatment programme for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been available in Australia since March 2016. This study assessed the levels and patterns of DAA treatment uptake during March‐December 2016 in Australia and described the key features in the development of the programme. All prescriptions in Australia are submitted to the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme by dispensing pharmacies. Data on dispensed DAA prescriptions for a longitudinal cohort of individuals, representing a 10% random sample of the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme database, were used for estimating DAA treatment uptake and subgroup analyses. The estimated number of 32 400 individuals initiated DAA treatment in 2016, equating to 14% of people with chronic HCV infection in Australia. Most commonly prescribed DAA regimens included sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (56%, n = 18 020), sofosbuvir + daclatasvir (39%, n = 12 600) and sofosbuvir + other agents (4%, n = 1220). Among individuals initiated DAA treatment, 66% (n = 21 430) were men, 43% (n = 13 870) were ≤50 years old and 36% (n = 11 670) had cirrhosis. DAA prescriptions were 62% (n = 20 080) by specialists, 19% (n = 6000) by general practitioners (GP) and 20% (n = 6320) by other physicians. Proportion of individuals prescribed DAA by GPs increased from 8% to 31% and proportion of individuals ≤50 years old increased from 28% to 61% between March and December. In conclusion, rapid treatment scale‐up was observed in the first 10 months of unrestricted DAA programme in Australia. The proportion of prescriptions by GPs increased over time, important for broadened access. A trend towards younger age treatment suggested the broadening of DAA‐treated population, potentially including individuals at higher risk of HCV transmission.
The relationship among environmental variables, jellyfish and non‐gelatinous zooplankton: A case study in the north of the Gulf of Oman
Authors: Pourjomeh Fatemeh , Shokri Mohammad Reza , Rezai Hamid , Rajabi‐Maham Hassan , Maghsoudlou Elham 
Published: December 2017

AbstractProcesses underlying the temporal and spatial variations observed in the distribution of jellyfish and non‐gelatinous zooplankton in the Gulf of Oman are not well understood. This information gap is clearly a major issue in controlling the harmful blooms of jellyfish and non‐gelatinous zooplankton. Samples of jellyfish and non‐gelatinous zooplankton were collected from six stations in Chabahar Bay and three stations in Pozm Bay within four seasons. At each station, environmental variables were also recorded from bottom and surface water. A total of 83 individuals of medusae representing four species of Scyphozoa (i.e., Cyanea nozakii, Chrysaora sp., Pelagia noctiluca, Catostylus tagi) and species of Hydrozoa (i.e., Diphyes sp., Rhacostoma sp., Aequorea spp.) were observed in the study area. A total of 70,727.25 individuals/m−3 of non‐gelatinous zooplankton dominated by copepods and cladocerans were collected in nine stations within the four seasons. The results of a RELATE analysis yielded no significant association between species composition for jellyfish and non‐gelatinous zooplankton. Among environmental variables, water transparency, nitrite concentration, water depth and temperature were better associated with the total variation in jellyfish species composition than with that of non‐gelatinous zooplankton. Dissolved oxygen, pH, and phosphate concentration were significant environmental variables associated with the variation in the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of non‐gelatinous zooplankton assemblages. Although some jellyfish species (i.e., Rhacostoma sp., Pelagia noctiluca, Catostylus tagi) occur independently of non‐gelatinous zooplankton assemblages, other jellyfish (i.e., Chrysaora sp., Aequorea spp., Cyanea nozakii, Diphyes sp.) are strongly correlated with non‐gelatinous zooplankton assemblages.
Diets of Steller sea lions off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan: An inter‐decadal and geographic comparison
Authors: Goto Yoko , Wada Akihiko , Hoshino Noboru , Takashima Takahiro , Mitsuhashi Masaki , Hattori Kaoru , Yamamura Orio 
Published: December 2017

AbstractInter‐decadal and geographic variations in the diets of Steller sea lion, Eumetopias jubatus, were examined based on the contents of 408 stomachs collected from coastal areas around Hokkaido Island during the periods 1994–1998 and 2005–2012. The most important prey species in the 1990s were gadid fishes (walleye pollock [Gadus chalcogrammus], Pacific cod [Gadus microcephalus] and saffron cod [Eleginus gracilis]). The frequency of occurrence and gravimetric contribution of gadids decreased in the 2000s latter period at three study sites (Rausu, Shakotan and Rebun) and were replaced by Okhotsk Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus azonus) and smooth lumpsucker (Aptocyclus ventricosus). However, analysis based on gravimetric composition indicated that the dietary diversity of prey showed only a slight inter‐decadal difference, reflecting the wide diversity of prey ingested during both study periods. These results indicate that Steller sea lions along the Hokkaido coast are opportunistic feeders that utilize a wide variety of prey, and appear to feed mainly upon prey that is easily obtained.
Links between parental life histories of wild salmon and the telomere lengths of their offspring
Authors: McLennan Darryl , Armstrong John D. , Stewart David C. , McKelvey Simon , Boner Winnie , Monaghan Pat , Metcalfe Neil B. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThe importance of parental contributions to offspring development and subsequent performance is self‐evident at a genomic level; however, parents can also affect offspring fitness by indirect genetic and environmental routes. The life history strategy that an individual adopts will be influenced by both genes and environment; and this may have important consequences for offspring. Recent research has linked telomere dynamics (i.e., telomere length and loss) in early life to future viability and longevity. Moreover, a number of studies have reported a heritable component to telomere length across a range of vertebrates, although the effects of other parental contribution pathways have been far less studied. Using wild Atlantic salmon with different parental life histories in an experimental split‐brood in vitro fertilization mating design and rearing the resulting families under standardized conditions, we show that there can be significant links between parental life history and offspring telomere length (studied at the embryo and fry stage). Maternal life history traits, in particular egg size, were most strongly related to offspring telomere length at the embryonic stage, but then became weaker through development. In contrast, paternal life history traits, such as the father's growth rate in early life, had a greater association in the later stages of offspring development. However, offspring telomere length was not significantly related to either maternal or paternal age at reproduction, nor to paternal sperm telomere length. This study demonstrates both the complexity and the importance of parental factors that can influence telomere length in early life.
Genomic data reveal cryptic lineage diversification and introgression in Californian golden cup oaks (sectionProtobalanus)
Authors: Ortego Joaquín , Gugger Paul F. , Sork Victoria L. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryHere we study hybridization, introgression and lineage diversification in the widely distributed canyon live oak (Quercus chrysolepis) and the relict island oak (Q. tomentella), two Californian golden cup oaks with an intriguing biogeographical history.We employed restriction‐site‐associatedDNAsequencing and integrated phylogenomic and population genomic analyses to study hybridization and reconstruct the evolutionary past of these taxa.Our analyses revealed the presence of two cryptic lineages withinQ. chrysolepis. One of these lineages shares its most recent common ancestor withQ. tomentella, supporting the paraphyly ofQ. chrysolepis. The split of these lineages was estimated to take place during the late Pliocene or the early Pleistocene, a time corresponding well with the common presence ofQ. tomentellain the fossil records of continental California. Analyses also revealed historical hybridization among lineages, high introgression fromQ. tomentellaintoQ. chrysolepisin their current area of sympatry, and widespread admixture between the two lineages ofQ. chrysolepisin contact zones.Our results support that the two lineages ofQ. chrysolepisbehave as a single functional species phenotypically and ecologically well differentiated fromQ. tomentella, a situation that can be only accommodated considering hybridization and speciation as a continuum with diffuse limits.
CsLFY is required for shoot meristem maintenance via interaction with WUSCHEL in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)
Authors: Zhao Wensheng , Chen Zijing , Liu Xiaofeng , Che Gen , Gu Ran , Zhao Jianyu , Wang Zhongyi , Hou Yu , Zhang Xiaolan 
Published: December 2017

Summary

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) is an agronomically important vegetable with indeterminant growth habit, in which leaves are produced from the shoot apical meristem (SAM), and unisexual flowers are generated from the leaf axils. LEAFY (LFY) and its homologs have been shown to play important roles in promoting flower development and branching.

The LFY homolog gene CsLFY was cloned in cucumber. Molecular biology, developmental biology and biochemical tools were combined to explore the biological function of the LFY homologous gene CsLFY in cucumber.

CsLFY was expressed in the SAM, floral meristem and floral organ primordia. Ectopic expression of CsLFY rescued the phenotype of the lfy‐5 mutant in Arabidopsis. Knockdown of CsLFY by RNA interference (RNAi) led to defective shoot development and premature discontinuance of leaf initiation in cucumber. Transcription of CsWUS and putative CsLFY target genes including CsAP3 and CUM1 were significantly reduced in the CsLFY‐RNAi lines. Further biochemical analyses indicated that CsLFY physically interacts with CsWUS in cucumber.

These data suggested that CsLFY has a novel function in regulating shoot meristem maintenance through interaction with CsWUS, and promotes flower development via activation of CsAP3 and CUM1 in cucumber.
Different temperature perception in high‐elevation plants: new insight into phenological development and implications for climate change in the alpine tundra
Authors: Carbognani Michele , Tomaselli Marcello , Petraglia Alessandro 
Published: December 2017

In alpine habitats, predicted warmer and longer growing seasons will influence plant phenology, with important implications for species adaptation and vegetation dynamics. However, little is known on the temperature sensitivity of different phenophases and on the characteristics allowing phenological variation among and within species.By integrating interannual micro‐climatic variability with experimental warming, we explored how the phenology of three alpine species is influenced by temperature and what mechanisms underlie intra‐ and inter‐specific phenological differences.The present study demonstrated that alpine plants have different temperature responses during their reproductive cycle, do not have constant thermal thresholds and heat‐use efficiencies to achieve the seed dispersal stage and can change their temperature sensitivity to flower along snowmelt gradients. In addition, the length of the reproductive cycle, which proved to be species‐specific under experimental warming, does not seem to be the only life‐history trait under selective pressure due to the short‐length of the snow‐free period.In a warming climate scenario, the phenology of sexual reproduction will be considerably altered, and alpine plants may be subjected to changes in population dynamics driven by altered perception of environmental cues appropriate for coordinating the timing of key life‐history events.
Progress in understanding Pseudocercospora banana pathogens and the development of resistant Musa germplasm
Authors: Alakonya A. E. , Kimunye J. , Mahuku G. , Amah D. , Uwimana B. , Brown A. , Swennen R. 
Published: December 2017

Banana and plantain (Musa spp.) are important food crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world where they generate millions of dollars annually to both subsistence farmers and exporters. Since 1902, Pseudocercospora banana pathogens, Pseudocercospora fijiensis, P. musae and P. eumusae, have emerged as major production constraints to banana and plantain. Despite concerted efforts to counter these pathogens, they have continued to negatively impact banana yield. In this review, the economic importance, distribution and the interactions between Pseudocercospora banana pathogens and Musa species are discussed. Interactions are further scrutinized in the light of an emerging climate change scenario and efforts towards the development of resistant banana germplasm are discussed. Finally, some of the opportunities and gaps in knowledge that could be exploited to further understanding of this ubiquitous pathosystem are highlighted.