bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic genetic analyses of genome‐wide association study data reveal an association between the key nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase complex and bipolar disorder development
Authors: Xiang Bo , Liu Kezhi , Yu Minglan , Liang Xuemei , Zhang Jin , Lei Wei , Huang Chaohua , Chen Jing , Gu Xiaochu , Li Nian , Wu Guoying , Wang Yan , He Wenying , Tan Jinhua , Zhang Tao 
Published: December 2017

BackgroundGenome‐wide association studies (GWASs) are used to identify genetic variants for association with bipolar disorder (BD) risk; however, each GWAS can only reveal a small fraction of this association. This study systematically analyzed multiple GWAS data sets to provide further insights into potential causal BD processes by integrating the results of Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Phase I (PGC‐I) for BD with core human pathways and functional networks.MethodsThe i‐Gsea4GwasV2 program was used to analyze data from the PGC‐I GWAS for BD (the pathways came from Reactome), as well as the nominally significant pathways. We established a gene network of the significant pathways and performed a gene set analysis for each gene cluster of the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta‐Analysis (ENIGMA) GWAS data for the volumes of the intracranial region and seven subcortical regions.ResultsA total of 30 of 1816 Reactome pathways were identified and showed associations with BD risk. We further revealed 22 interconnected functional and topologically interacting clusters (Clusters 0‐21) that were associated with BD risk. Moreover, we obtained brain transcriptome data from BrainSpan and found significant associations between common variants of the genes in Cluster 1 with the hippocampus (HIP; P = .026; family‐wise error [FWE] correction) and amygdala (AMY; P = .016; FEW correction) in Cluster 8 with HIP (P = .022; FWE correction). The genes in Cluster 1  were  enriched  for the transcriptional co‐expression profile in the prenatal AMY, and core genes (CDH4, MTA2, RBBP4, and HDAC2) were identified to be involved in regulating early brain development.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that the HIP and AMY play a central role in neurodevelopment and BD risk.
Company Closures and the Erosion of the Political Centre: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Braakmann Nils 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis article investigates the link between company closures and political preferences using German panel data. I first show that job loss due to a company closure leads to similar adverse labor market outcomes as those found in other countries. I then show that men become less likely to identify with political parties and mainstream parties in particular, while women become less interested in politics. Effects are stronger for individuals who see job creation and protection as a state responsibility and for lower skilled workers, but do not vary with the routine intensity or offshorability of the former job.
Evolution of optic nerve photography for glaucoma screening: a review
Authors: Myers Jonathan S , Fudemberg Scott J , Lee Daniel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractVisual evaluation of the optic nerve has been one of the earliest and most widely used methods to evaluate patients for glaucoma. Photography has proven very useful for documentation of the nerve's appearance at a given time, allowing more detailed scrutiny then, and later comparison for change. Photography serves as the basis for real‐time or non‐simultaneous review in telemedicine and screening events allowing fundus and optic nerve evaluation by experts elsewhere. Expert evaluation of disc photographs has shown diagnostic performance similar to other methods of optic nerve evaluation for glaucoma. Newer technology has made optic nerve photography simpler, cheaper and more portable creating opportunities for broader utilization in screening in underserved populations by non‐physicians. Recent investigations suggest that non‐physicians or software algorithms for disc photograph evaluation have promise to allow more screening to be done with fewer experts.
Hypopharyngeal evaluation in obstructive sleep apnea with awake flexible laryngoscopy: Validation and updates to Cormack‐Lehane and Modified Cormack‐Lehane scoring systems
Authors: Torre C. , Zaghi S. , Camacho M. , Capasso R. , Liu S. Y. 
Published: December 2017

ObjectiveTo validate the use of Cormack‐Lehane and Modified Cormack‐Lehane scoring systems to classify patterns of hypopharyngeal airway visualization seen during awake flexible laryngoscopy among patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.Study designValidation study using samples collected from a prospective database.SettingUniversity Medical Center.ParticipantsData were obtained from a retrospective review of a prospective database of flexible fiberoptic examination recordings in 274 consecutive OSA subjects (Stanford Sleep Medicine/Surgery Clinic).Main outcome measuresSingle still images from awake fiberoptic laryngoscopy examinations of the vocal cords from 90 different patients were presented to 2 experts and 4 novice raters. Raters used two grading systems (Cormack‐Lehane scale and Modified Cormack‐Lehane) to rate vocal cord visualization. Percent agreement and Cohen's kappa statistical analysis were used to evaluate inter‐rater reliability and intrarater reliability for each grading system. Feedback from the participants was then used to propose updates to further improve upon the existing grading scales for their applicability to awake flexible endoscopy.ResultsThe Cormack‐Lehane and Modified Cormack‐Lehane scale both communicate unobstructed and restricted views of the vocal cords reliably. Compared to the 4‐grade scale, however, a modified 5‐grade Vocal Cord Grading System allows for better objective communication of common variations in hypopharyngeal airway visualization.ConclusionWe propose a 5‐Grade Vocal Cord Grading System that builds upon existing grading systems to allow for efficient and reliable communication of hypopharyngeal airway examination during awake fiberoptic laryngoscopy.
Once a French Speaker, Always a French Speaker? Bilingual Children's Thinking About the Stability of Language
Authors: Dautel Jocelyn B. , Kinzler Katherine D. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDespite early emerging and impressive linguistic abilities, young children demonstrate ostensibly puzzling beliefs about the nature of language. In some circumstances monolingual children even express the belief that an individual's language is more stable than her race. The present research investigated bilingual children's thinking about the relative stability of language and race (Kinzler & Dautel, 2012). Five‐to six‐year‐old bilingual children were asked to judge whether a target child who varied in race (White or Black) and language (English or French) would grow up to be an adult who maintained the target child's race or her language. Similar to many monolingual children, a heterogeneous group of bilingual children on average chose the language‐match. Yet French‐English bilingual children were relatively more likely to choose the race‐match, especially when tested in their non‐dominant language. Specific experience with relevant languages, and communicating in a non‐dominant language, may contribute to children's developing metalinguistic success and their thinking about social categorization.
PET/CT to detect adverse reactions to metal debris in patients with metal‐on‐metal hip arthroplasty: an exploratory prospective study
Authors: Aro Erik , Seppänen Marko , Mäkelä Keijo T. , Luoto Pauliina , Roivainen Anne , Aro Hannu T. 
Published: December 2017

SummaryMetal‐on‐metal (MoM) bearings in total hip arthroplasties and hip resurfacing arthroplasties have recently shown a new type of complication: adverse reactions to metal debris (ARMD). ARMD is characterized by local severe inflammation and tissue necrosis leading to implant failures. The gluteal muscle region is important for the patient outcome after revision surgery. This prospective positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) study was undertaken to evaluate the characteristics of 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐d‐glucose ([18F]FDG) and [68Ga]Gallium citrate ([68Ga]Citrate) PET/CT in ARMD patients. [18F]FDG and [68Ga]Citrate PET/CT were performed in 18 hip arthroplasty patients: 12 ARMD patients (with 16 MoM hips) and six arthroplasty controls without ARMD. Tracer uptake was evaluated visually, and maximum standardized uptake (SUVmax) was measured in the gluteal muscle region. ARMD severity was graded by metal artefact reduction sequence‐magnetic resonance imaging (MARS‐MRI). Periprosthetic [18F]FDG uptake was observed in 15 of 16 hips, [68Ga]Citrate uptake in three of 16 hips, respectively. The distribution of tracer uptake resembled infection in three hips. In the gluteal muscle region, the SUVmax of [18F]FDG was significantly greater in hips with moderate and severe ARMD compared with the controls (P = 0·009 for [18F]FDG and P = 0·217 for [68Ga]Citrate). In patients who needed revision surgery, an intraoperative finding of gluteal muscle necrosis was associated with increased local SUVmax as detected by preoperative [18F]FDG (P = 0·039), but not by [68Ga]Citrate (P = 0·301). In conclusion, the inflammatory reaction to metal debris in hip arthroplasty patients is best visualized with [18F]FDG.
Correcting for bias in distribution modelling for rare species using citizen science data
Authors: Robinson Orin J. , Ruiz‐Gutierrez Viviana , Fink Daniel 
Published: December 2017

AbstractAimTo improve the accuracy of inferences on habitat associations and distribution patterns of rare species by combining machine‐learning, spatial filtering and resampling to address class imbalance and spatial bias of large volumes of citizen science data.InnovationModelling rare species’ distributions is a pressing challenge for conservation and applied research. Often, a large number of surveys are required before enough detections occur to model distributions of rare species accurately, resulting in a data set with a high proportion of non‐detections (i.e. class imbalance). Citizen science data can provide a cost‐effective source of surveys but likely suffer from class imbalance. Citizen science data also suffer from spatial bias, likely from preferential sampling. To correct for class imbalance and spatial bias, we used spatial filtering to under‐sample the majority class (non‐detection) while maintaining all of the limited information from the minority class (detection). We investigated the use of spatial under‐sampling with randomForest models and compared it to common approaches used for imbalanced data, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE), weighted random forest and balanced random forest models. Model accuracy was assessed using kappa, Brier score and AUC. We demonstrate the method by evaluating habitat associations and seasonal distribution patterns using citizen science data for a rare species, the tricoloured blackbird (Agelaius tricolor).Main ConclusionsSpatial under‐sampling increased the accuracy of each model and outperformed the approach typically used to direct under‐sampling in the SMOTE algorithm. Our approach is the first to characterize winter distribution and movement of tricoloured blackbirds. Our results show that tricoloured blackbirds are positively associated with grassland, pasture and wetland habitats, and negatively associated with high elevations or evergreen forests during both winter and breeding seasons. The seasonal differences in distribution indicate that individuals move to the coast during the winter, as suggested by historical accounts.
Injecting without pressing a button: An exploratory study of a shield‐triggered injection mechanism
Authors: Zijlstra Eric , Coester Hans‐Veit , Heise Tim , Plum‐Mörschel Leona , Rasmussen Ole , Rikte Tord , Pedersen Line Kynemund , Qvist Marianne , Sparre Thomas 
Published: December 2017

AimsTo evaluate the injection success and user perception of a shield‐triggered pen‐injector mechanism.MethodsThe trial (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02627287) was an exploratory, two‐centre, one‐visit, open‐label, randomized controlled trial conducted in Germany in 150 injection‐experienced individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. Participants self‐administered subcutaneous injections of a placebo solution using a prototype shield‐triggered pen‐injector, DV3316 (Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark), and FlexPen (Novo Nordisk, Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Injection success was evaluated on a yes/no basis by the investigator. Participant confidence, leakage of fluid and pain were evaluated after each injection. Pain and device experience were assessed after completion of all injections with each pen‐injector. Overall preference was assessed after completion of all injections with both pen‐injectors.ResultsInjection success was high with both pen‐injectors (97.0%, DV3316 vs 99.7%, FlexPen). Participant confidence in dose delivery was similar for the two devices (88% of injections with DV3316 vs 81% with FlexPen were scored as “extremely confident”). The median injection pain score on a visual analogue scale (0‐100) was 3 with DV3316 vs 4 with FlexPen after each injection, and 4 with DV3316 vs 5 with FlexPen after all injections with each device. After all injections were completed, 55% of participants reported an overall preference for DV3316 vs 21% for FlexPen.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that injection‐experienced individuals can achieve a high injection success rate with a shield‐triggered pen‐injector, with similar patient confidence and injection pain compared with FlexPen.
Significance of isolated papillary muscle hypertrophy: A comparison of left ventricular hypertrophy diagnosed using electrocardiography vs echocardiography
Authors: Nomura Namiko , Tani Tomoko , Konda Toshiko , Kim Kitae , Kitai Takeshi , Nomoto Natsumi , Suganuma Naoko , Nakamura Hitomi , Sumida Toshiaki , Fujii Yoko , Kawai Junichi , Kaji Shuichiro , Furukawa Yutaka 
Published: December 2017

AimsThe clinical significance of papillary muscle hypertrophy and its electrocardiography (ECG) findings has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between ECG findings and papillary muscle hypertrophy and to confirm the importance of papillary muscle measurements on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).Methods and ResultsOf the 237 consecutive patients who showed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) pattern on a 12‐lead ECG, TTE data were available for 101 patients. The patients were divided into the two groups according to the presence (ECG‐LVH [strain pos] group, n = 60) or absence (ECG‐LVH [strain neg] group, n = 41) of LV strain pattern (study 1). The prevalence of papillary muscle hypertrophy using TTE was significantly higher in the ECG‐LVH (strain neg) group than in the ECG‐LVH (strain pos) group (P = .0002). Of the 42 cases with papillary muscle hypertrophy, 5 cases (12%) showed isolated papillary muscle hypertrophy with normal geometry. ECG data were prospectively analyzed for 36 patients who were diagnosed with papillary muscle hypertrophy by TTE (study 2). The prevalence of LV strain pattern was significantly higher in patients with LV wall hypertrophy than in those without LV wall hypertrophy (P = .04). Of the 25 cases with papillary muscle hypertrophy, 6 cases (24%) showed normal geometry and 4 cases (16%) showed ECG abnormality.ConclusionsIsolated papillary muscle hypertrophy can cause ECG abnormalities such as LV high voltage and LV strain pattern. Particular attention must be paid to the papillary muscle during echocardiographic examinations.
Experimental and statistical study of saturated hydraulic conductivity and relations with other soil properties of a desert soil
Authors: Gamie R. , De Smedt F. 
Published: December 2017

Agricultural expansion in the Kharga Oasis, in the western desert of Egypt, depends strongly on irrigation. Soil hydraulic conductivity is therefore a key property for reclaiming desert land and planning irrigation schemes. Soil samples collected at 10‐m intervals in a 120 m by 120 m plot were analysed for hydraulic conductivity together with 12 other basic physical and chemical soil properties. The resulting data were analysed statistically using Pearson correlation, principal component analysis and linear regression. The hydraulic conductivity values varied over four orders of magnitude and, because of the saline–sodic nature of the soil, were about two orders of magnitude smaller than what is generally reported in the literature for similar soil textures. Results showed that the hydraulic conductivity was correlated significantly with soil variables that relate to soil structure, such as wilting point, field capacity and SAR, and less to variables that relate to soil texture, such as silt and clay fractions. Pedotransfer functions for hydraulic conductivity were derived by stepwise multiple linear regression and fitted by residual maximum likelihood. The first model was based directly on soil properties, whereas the second model was based on principal components. Both models showed that part of the variation in hydraulic conductivity encountered in the field could be explained, but with large uncertainty probably resulting from sampling and measurement errors, randomness and soil heterogeneity, or other soil properties that were not observed. The most significant predictors for the first model were wilting point, SAR and silt fraction. The second model used the first two principal components of the soil variables as predictors, the first one related to soil structure and the second to soil texture.HighlightsWe analysed relations between saturated hydraulic conductivity and other basic soil properties.
Principal component analysis showed that the variation in hydraulic conductivity is related to soil structure.
A pedotransfer function predicted hydraulic conductivity from wilting point, sodium adsorption ratio and silt fraction.
A pedotransfer function was derived from principal components one and two related to structure and texture, respectively.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with stroke severity and progression of brainstem infarctions
Authors: Li H. , Hu B. , Wei L. , Zhou L. , Zhang L. , Lin Y. , Qin B. , Dai Y. , Lu Z. 
Published: December 2017

Background and purposeNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely correlated to visceral obesity, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We sought to assess the association between a specific stroke subgroup, brainstem infarctions (BSIs) and NAFLD. Furthermore, we evaluated whether NAFLD is an independent risk factor in patients with BSIs.MethodsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was assessed in 306 patients with radiologically confirmed BSIs via liver ultrasound. Differences between patients with and without NAFLD were compared. Data associated with stroke severity and progression after admission were collected.ResultsNon‐alcoholic fatty liver disease was found in 130 (42.5%) patients with acute BSIs; 58 (19.0%) had National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores >7 and 57 (18.6%) had progression after admission. Initial National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores, incidence of progression and stroke severity, and modified Rankin Scale scores at discharge were significantly higher in patients with NAFLD than in those without NAFLD. NAFLD was associated with stroke severity [Cox regression: hazard ratio (HR), 2.243; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.254–4.013, P < 0.01]. This risk remained statistically significant after controlling for age, gender, diabetes mellitus and C‐reactive protein (HR, 2.327; 95% CI, 1.252–4.324, P < 0.01). In addition, NAFLD was associated with progression (HR, 2.155; 95% CI, 1.201–3.865, P < 0.05) and remained significant after controlling for age, gender, diabetes mellitus, fibrinogen and C‐reactive protein (HR, 2.378; 95% CI, 1.260–4.486, P < 0.01).ConclusionsThese results suggest that NAFLD is a potential risk factor when evaluating the severity and progression of acute BSIs. This relationship is independent of classic risk factors and metabolic syndrome features.
A high parasite density environment induces transcriptional changes and cell death in Plasmodium falciparum blood stages
Authors: Chou Evelyn S. , Abidi Sabia Z. , Teye Marian , Leliwa‐Sytek Aleksandra , Rask Thomas S. , Cobbold Simon A. , Tonkin‐Hill Gerry Q. , Subramaniam Krishanthi S. , Sexton Anna E. , Creek Darren J. , Daily Johanna P. , Duffy Michael F. , Day Karen P. 
Published: December 2017

Transient regulation of Plasmodium numbers below the density that induces fever has been observed in chronic malaria infections in humans. This species transcending control cannot be explained by immunity alone. Using an in vitro system we have observed density dependent regulation of malaria population size as a mechanism to possibly explain these in vivo observations. Specifically, Plasmodium falciparum blood stages from a high but not low‐density environment exhibited unique phenotypic changes during the late trophozoite (LT) and schizont stages of the intraerythrocytic cycle. These included in order of appearance: failure of schizonts to mature and merozoites to replicate, apoptotic‐like morphological changes including shrinking, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and blebbing with eventual release of aberrant parasites from infected erythrocytes. This unique death phenotype was triggered in a stage‐specific manner by sensing of a high‐density culture environment. Conditions of glucose starvation, nutrient depletion, and high lactate could not induce the phenotype. A high‐density culture environment induced rapid global changes in the parasite transcriptome including differential expression of genes involved in cell remodeling, clonal antigenic variation, metabolism, and cell death pathways including an apoptosis‐associated metacaspase gene. This transcriptional profile was also characterized by concomitant expression of asexual and sexual stage‐specific genes. The data show strong evidence to support our hypothesis that density sensing exists in P. falciparum. They indicate that an apoptotic‐like mechanism may play a role in P. falciparum density regulation, which, as in yeast, has features quite distinguishable from mammalian apoptosis.DatabaseGene expression data are available in the GEO databases under the accession number GSE91188.
Study of the effect of heat treatment on fatigue crack growth behaviour of 316L stainless steel produced by selective laser melting
Authors: Fergani O. , Bratli Wold A. , Berto F. , Brotan V. , Bambach M. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractThis study is focused on stainless steel type 316L produced by selective laser melting (SLM). This steel is very resistant to corrosion in acidic environments and has extremely good strength properties at elevated temperatures. It is also characterized by a very good weldability. These properties allow for various applications of 316L in different fields. The widespread application of 316L opens up various possibilities for production of parts using SLM. Therefore, it is important to characterize the fatigue crack growth behaviour. In the present paper, the crack growth behaviour of SLM 316L stainless steel has been investigated in its as‐built condition and in different heat treatment conditions. The effect of build orientation on the crack growth path is also studied by performing fatigue crack growth tests on compact tension specimens built at 0° and 45° orientations relative to the build direction. A heat treatment above the recrystallization temperature followed by quenching is shown to create compressive residual stresses that improve the resistance against crack propagation considerably. The 45° build orientation shows crack propagation at an angle to the initial notch plane, which reveals that anisotropy still persists after heat treatment.