bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lesion Segmentation in Melanoma Diagnosis for a Mobile Health Application
Authors: Alamdari Nasim , MacKinnon Nicholas , Vasefi Fartash , Fazel-Rezai Reza , Alhashim Minhal , Akhbardeh Alireza , Farkas Daniel L. , Tavakolian Kouhyar 
Published: October 2017

In 2016, more than 76,380 new melanoma cases were diagnosed and 10,130 people were expected to die from skin cancer in the United States (one death per hour) [1]. A recent study demonstrates that the economic burden of skin cancer treatment is substantial and, in the United States, the cost was increased from $3.6 billion in 2002–2006 to $8.1 billion in 2007–2011 [2].
Monitoring moderate and high-risk patients and identifying melanoma in the earliest stage of disease should save lives and greatly diminish the cost of treatment. In this project, we are focused on detection and monitoring of new potential melanoma sites with medium/high risk patients. We believe those patients have a serious need and they need to be motivated to be engaged in their treatment plan. High-risk patients are more likely to be engaged with their skin health and their health care providers (physicians). Considering the high morbidity and mortality of melanoma, these patients are motivated to spend money on low-cost mobile device technology, either from their own pocket or through their health care provider if it helps reduce their risk with early detection and treatment. We believe that there is a role for mobile device imaging tools in the management of melanoma risk, if they are based on clinically validated technology that supports the existing needs of patients and the health care system.
In a study issued in the British Journal of Dermatology [2] of 39 melanoma apps [2], five requested to do risk assessment, while nine mentioned images for expert review. The rest fell into the documentation and education categories. This seems like to be reliable with other dermatology apps available on the market. In a study at University of Pittsburgh [3], Ferris et al. established 4 apps with 188 clinically validated skin lesions images. From images, 60 of them were melanomas. Three of four apps tested misclassified +30% of melanomas as benign. The fourth app was more accurate and it depended on dermatologist interpretation. These results raise questions about proper use of smartphones in diagnosis and treatment of the patients and how dermatologists can effectively involve with these tools.
In this study, we used a MATLAB (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA) based image processing algorithm that uses an RGB color dermoscopy image as an input and classifies malignant melanoma versus benign lesions based on prior training data using the AdaBoost classifier [5]. We compared the classifier accuracy when lesion boundaries are detected using supervised and unsupervised segmentation. We have found that improving the lesion boundary detection accuracy provides significant improvement on melanoma classification outcome in the patient data.
Design and Development of Valgus-Sensing Leggings
Authors: Pettys-Baker Robert , Compton Crystal , Utset-Ward Sophia , Tompkins Marc , Holschuh Brad , Dunne Lucy E. 
Published: October 2017

Performing exercises, especially cutting and pivoting activities, with poor lower extremity mechanics can lead to severe damage of the knee, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears [1]. A common movement pattern observed in at-risk athletes is knee valgus. This term refers to the medial collapse of the knee (when the knees falls inward towards the center of the body). Intervention to prevent knee valgus could reduce the chance of injury for at-risk athletes, or re-injury for those recovering from a knee injury.
Currently, in patients with knee injuries, knee valgus is monitored by physical therapists, who observe a patient’s movements visually during exercise. The therapists instruct patients on how to identify valgus and how they might correct it. Visual diagnosis of valgus can be difficult and subjective, thereby allowing the unavoidable presence of human error. In addition, monitoring in real time is only possible when the patient is with a therapist. Several studies have focused on the issue of accurate detection of knee valgus by using a variety of systems such as 2D and 3D motion capture systems to track knee and hip movements, dynamometers, and electromyography [2][3][4]. Although these systems are able to determine knee valgus, they are difficult to use, require expensive equipment, and do not provide real-time feedback outside of the clinic setting. The purpose of this study was to inform the design of a valgus-sensing legging by exploring sensor placement options to maximize the magnitude of the sensor response difference between valgus and non-valgus knee bends.
A Quantitative Assessment of Bradykinesia Using Inertial Measurement Unit
Authors: Alam Md Nafiul , Munia Tamanna T. K. , Verma Ajay K. , Lou Jau-Shin , Combs Colin , Tavakolian Kouhyar , Fazel-Rezai Reza 
Published: October 2017

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder known to affect movement. Approximately seven million people around the world suffer from PD [1]. Tremor in one hand characterizes the onset of PD. Population suffering with PD shows symptoms of slowed movement. Consequently, PD patients struggle to complete a simple task like picking up a book. This slowness of movement is called bradykinesia. Bradykinesia measurement is vital for monitoring the progression of PD.
The current method of assessing bradykinesia requires patients to perform certain motor tasks in clinical settings. A Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) score is assigned to each task based on the observation by a physician. However, PD patients do not always show natural symptoms during a clinical visit. Also, subjective bias occurs during such assessment of bradykinesia [2]. To overcome these limitations, several attempts have been made to quantify bradykinesia using wearable sensors [3]. Accelerometer, gyroscope or a combination of both have been employed for acquisition of movement data to evaluate bradykinesia [3].
Time domain parameters derived from sensor signals for characterizing bradykinesia which includes speed, amplitude, hesitations, and halt have been evaluated in previous studies. However, the effect of frequency domain parameters and non-linear features extracted from sensor signals for evaluating the severity of bradykinesia is unknown. Whether or not it leads to an improvement in the assessment of bradykinesia needs to be investigated. It is known that the patients suffering from severe bradykinesia have their movement signal distorted due to unpredictable movement or hesitation. Nonlinear features can characterize the degree of complexity and provide further relevant insights regarding the severity of bradykinesia.
In this study, we investigated the efficacy of various frequency-domain and nonlinear parameters to quantify bradykinesia. The objective was to develop a predictive model based on a combination of sophisticated linear (frequency) and non-linear features derived from the sensor signal which has not been previously explored in the literature.
Spironolactone versus observation in the treatment of acute central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Sun Xinghong , Shuai Yuanlu , Fang Wangyi , Li Jia , Ge Weizhong , Yuan Songtao , Liu Qinghuai 
Published: October 2017

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy of oral spironolactone in patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC).MethodsThis is a prospective, randomised controlled clinical study. Thirty patients with acute CSC were the participants, including 18 patients who were treated with spironolactone (40 mg orally, twice daily) for 2 months in the experimental group and 12 patients who received observation in the control group. Main outcome measures included the proportion of eyes achieving complete resolution of subretinal fluid (SRF), changes in central macular thickness (CMT), the height of SRF (SRFH), best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT). The follow-up period was 2 months.ResultsComplete resolution of SRF was achieved in 55.6% (10/18) and 8.3% (1/12) of the eyes in the treatment group and the control group, respectively, at 2 months (p=0.018). The mean CMT and SRFH decreased significantly at each visit in both groups (p<0.05), and there was significant difference between the two groups at 2 months (p<0.05 and p<0.05, respectively). BCVA (in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution; mean) improved in both groups at 2 months (p<0.05). In the treatment group, the mean baseline SFCT significantly decreased from 502.50±87.38 µm to 427.44±74.37 µm at 2 months (p<0.01), while the change from baseline (from 480.33±102.38 µm to 463.75±100.63 µm) was not significant in the control group (p=0.195). But the differences between the two groups in BCVA and SFCT were not significant.ConclusionsOral spironolactone is more effective with a faster absorption of SRF than observations. It is a promising treatment for acute CSC.Trial registration numberChiCTR-IPR-16008428, Results.
Long-term proton pump inhibitors and risk of gastric cancer development after treatment for Helicobacter pylori: a population-based study
Authors: Cheung Ka Shing , Chan Esther W , Wong Angel Y S , Chen Lijia , Wong Ian C K , Leung Wai Keung 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveProton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is associated with worsening of gastric atrophy, particularly in Helicobacter pylori (HP)-infected subjects. We determined the association between PPIs use and gastric cancer (GC) among HP-infected subjects who had received HP therapy.DesignsThis study was based on a territory-wide health database of Hong Kong. We identified adults who had received an outpatient prescription of clarithromycin-based triple therapy between year 2003 and 2012. Patients who failed this regimen, and those diagnosed to have GC within 12 months after HP therapy, or gastric ulcer after therapy were excluded. Prescriptions of PPIs or histamine-2 receptor antagonists (H2RA) started within 6 months before GC were excluded to avoid protopathic bias. We evaluated GC risk with PPIs by Cox proportional hazards model with propensity score adjustment. H2RA was used as a negative control exposure.ResultAmong the 63 397 eligible subjects, 153 (0.24%) developed GC during a median follow-up of 7.6 years. PPIs use was associated with an increased GC risk (HR 2.44, 95% CI 1.42 to 4.20), while H2RA was not (HR 0.72, 95% CI 0.48 to 1.07). The risk increased with duration of PPIs use (HR 5.04, 95% CI 1.23 to 20.61; 6.65, 95% CI 1.62 to 27.26 and 8.34, 95% CI 2.02 to 34.41 for ≥1 year, ≥2 years and ≥3 years, respectively). The adjusted absolute risk difference for PPIs versus non-PPIs use was 4.29 excess GC (95% CI 1.25 to 9.54) per 10 000 person-years.ConclusionLong-term use of PPIs was still associated with an increased GC risk in subjects even after HP eradication therapy.
Effects of Co-occurring Genomic Alterations on Outcomes in Patients withKRAS-Mutant Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Arbour Kathryn C. , Jordan Emmett , Kim Hyunjae Ryan , Dienstag Jordan , Yu Helena A. , Sanchez-Vega Francisco , Lito Piro , Berger Michael , Solit David B. , Hellmann Matthew , Kris Mark G. , Rudin Charles M. , Ni Ai , Arcila Maria , Ladanyi Marc , Riely Gregory J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractPurpose: KRAS mutations occur in approximately 25% of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Despite the uniform presence of KRAS mutations, patients with KRAS-mutant NSCLC can have a heterogeneous clinical course. As the pattern of co-occurring mutations may describe different biological subsets of patients with KRAS-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, we explored the effects of co-occurring mutations on patient outcomes and response to therapy.Experimental Design: We identified patients with advanced KRAS-mutant NSCLC and evaluated the most common co-occurring genomic alterations. Multivariate analyses were performed incorporating the most frequent co-mutations and clinical characteristics to evaluate association with overall survival as well as response to platinum–pemetrexed chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors.Results: Among 330 patients with advanced KRAS-mutant lung cancers, the most frequent co-mutations were found in TP53 (42%), STK11 (29%), and KEAP1/NFE2L2 (27%). In a multivariate analysis, there was a significantly shorter survival in patients with co-mutations in KEAP1/NFE2L2 [HR, 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.33–2.92; P ≤ 0.001]. STK11 (HR, 1.3; P = 0.22) and TP53 (HR 1.11, P = 0.58) co-mutation statuses were not associated with survival. Co-mutation in KEAP1/NFE2L2 was also associated with shorter duration of initial chemotherapy (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.04–2.59; P = 0.03) and shorter overall survival from initiation of immune therapy (HR, 3.54; 95% CI, 1.55–8.11; P = 0.003).Conclusions: Among people with KRAS-mutant advanced NSCLC, TP53, STK11, and KEAP1/NFE2L2 are the most commonly co-occurring somatic genomic alterations. Co-mutation of KRAS and KEAP1/ NFE2L2 is an independent prognostic factor, predicting shorter survival, duration of response to initial platinum-based chemotherapy, and survival from the start of immune therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(2); 334–40. ©2017 AACR.
Echocardiographic Risk Factors for Stroke and Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Anticoagulated With Apixaban or Warfarin
Authors: Vinereanu Dragos , Lopes Renato D. , Mulder Hillary , Gersh Bernard J. , Hanna Michael , de Barros e Silva Pedro G.M. , Atar Dan , Wallentin Lars , Granger Christopher B. , Alexander John H. 
Published: October 2017

Background and Purpose—
Few data exist on the long-term outcomes of patients with spontaneous echo contrast (SEC), left atrial/left atrial appendage (LA/LAA) thrombus, and complex aortic plaque (CAP), in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving oral anticoagulation. We explored the relationship between these 3 echocardiographic findings and clinical outcomes, and the comparative efficacy and safety of apixaban and warfarin for each finding.

Methods—
Patients from the ARISTOTLE trial (Apixaban for Reduction in Stroke and Other Thromboembolic Events in Atrial Fibrillation) with SEC, LA/LAA thrombus, or CAP diagnosed by either transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography were compared with patients with none of these findings on transesophageal echocardiography.

Results—
A total of 1251 patients were included: 217 had SEC, 127 had LA/LAA thrombus, 241 had CAP, and 746 had none. The rates of stroke/systemic embolism were not significantly different among patients with and without these echocardiographic findings (hazard ratio, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–3.60 for SEC; hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.23–6.86 for LA/LAA thrombus; hazard ratio, 2.21; 95% confidence interval, 0.71–6.85 for CAP). Rates of ischemic stroke, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death were also not different between patients with and without these findings. For patients with either SEC or CAP, there was no evidence of a differential effect of apixaban over warfarin. For patients with LA/LAA thrombus, there was also no significant interaction, with the exception of all-cause death and any bleeding where there was a greater benefit of apixaban compared with warfarin among patients with no LA/LAA thrombus.

Conclusions—
In anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation and risk factors for stroke, echocardiographic findings do not seem to add to the risk of thromboembolic events.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00412984.
Problems with the Word Made Flesh: The Great Tradition of the Scientific Revolution in Europe
Authors: Cook Harold J. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
The Great Tradition of writing about what came to be called The Scientific Revolution developed in the mid-twentieth century and helped to shape what came to be termed “early modern” Europe. At least two fundamental structural elements of the framework were that a small group of independent minds had been set free to grasp new truths, and that rivalries among many groups in Europe never allowed “European civilization” to achieve homeostasis, thus continuing to encourage innovation in conditions of freedom. It is worth noting, however, that the first of these structural elements had religious overtones that were important in the early stages of the Cold War, and that the second placed innovation within a tradition of great texts rather than material culture and practice. Both changed the earlier conversation of the 1930s, which had been about political economies, connecting the new history of science to a history that offered to explain European superiority on the basis of the search for truth. Recent developments in global history, which are rooted in economic histories, challenge such a framing. The brand-name of The Scientific Revolution is common and will remain a useful short-hand, but its meaning requires major revision and should not be limited to the history of Europe.
Thinking Without the Scientific Revolution: Global Interactions and the Construction of Knowledge
Authors: Raj Kapil 
Published: October 2017

Abstract
Amongst the many narrative strategies in the recent “global turn” in the history of science, one commonly finds attempts to complement the single European story by multiplying histories of knowledge-making in as many different regional and cultural contexts as possible. Other strategies include attempts to generalize the “Needham Question” of why the Scientific Revolution occurred only in early-modern Europe to the exclusion of other parts of the world, or to challenge the diffusionist vision of the spread of modern science from Europe by attempting to show that non-European scientific traditions already had an understanding of recent European discoveries. These latter strategies seek simply to pluralize the Scientific Revolution without actually unpacking the latter concept itself.
This article seeks firstly to show that the “Scientific Revolution” was in fact a Cold War invention intended to bring the freshly decolonized world into the ambit of the West by limiting the conception of modern science to Europe-specific activities thus delegitimizing other knowledge domains and using the term as a spatially circumscribed chronological marker. Using a broader understanding of scientific activity in the early modern period, and mobilizing relational methodologies, such as circulatory and connected historiographies, the paper then re-examines the well-known history of the Hortus Malabaricus, one of the most celebrated seventeenth-century botanical works, to show the short- and long-range knowledge circulations, intercultural interactions and connections involved in its making to bring out the global nature of scientific activity of the period and illustrate relational approaches to global history.
Synoptic Characteristics of Surge-Producing Extratropical Cyclones along the Northeast Coast of the United States
Authors: Catalano Arielle J. , Broccoli Anthony J. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractExtratropical cyclones (ETCs) are responsible for most of the large storm-surge events in the northeastern United States. This study uses the ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis of the twentieth century (ERA-20C) and NOAA tide gauge data to examine the local, regional, and large-scale atmospheric circulation accompanying the 100 largest ETC-driven surge events at three locations along the northeastern coast of the United States: Sewells Point (Norfolk), Virginia; the Battery (New York City), New York; and Boston, Massachusetts. Results from a k-means cluster analysis indicate that the largest surges are generated when slowly propagating ETCs encounter a strong anticyclone, which produces a tighter pressure gradient and longer duration of onshore winds. The strength of the anticyclone is evident in the middle and upper troposphere where there are positive 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies overlying the surface anticyclone for the majority of clusters and nearly all of the five biggest surge events. Multiple clusters feature a slower-than-average storm and a strong anticyclone, indicating that various circulation scenarios can produce a large storm surge. This favorable environment for large surge events is influenced by well-known modes of climate variability including El Niño, the Arctic Oscillation (AO), the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), and the Pacific–North American (PNA) pattern. ETCs are more likely to produce a large surge during El Niño conditions, which have been shown to enhance the East Coast storm track. At Boston and the Battery, maximum surge occurs preferentially during the positive phase of PNA and the negative phases of AO/NAO.
Precurved Cochlear Implants and Tip Foldover: A Cadaveric Imaging Study
Authors: Trakimas Danielle R. , Kozin Elliott D. , Ghanad Iman , Barber Sam R. , Curtin Hugh , Remenschneider Aaron K. 
Published: October 2017

ObjectiveThis study aims to define a reliable protocol for radiographic identification of placement and tip foldover of newly designed precurved and straight electrodes.Study DesignProspective imaging study.SettingAcademic institution.MethodsThree models of cochlear implants (Cochlear, MED‐EL, and Advanced Bionics) were inserted into fresh cadaveric specimens (n = 2) in 3 configurations (normal positioning in the scala tympani, intracochlear tip foldover, and placement into the vestibular system) for a total of 9 implant scenarios. Specimens were imaged with plain radiography in Stenvers projection, as well as by high‐resolution computed tomography.ResultsElectrode placement and presence or absence of electrode tip foldover were easily identified in all 9 scenarios on plain radiography based on the described technique. Each was confirmed with high‐resolution computed tomography. Plain film temporal bone images of new electrode designs with proper and improper placement are provided for reference.ConclusionA defined protocol for intraoperative plain film radiography allowed for reliable imaging of 3 newly designed cochlear implant electrodes and immediate identification of extracochlear placement and tip foldover. Findings may be used for intraoperative confirmation of electrode array placement.
Developmental coordination disorder is more than a motor problem: Children describe the impact of daily struggles on their quality of life
Authors: Zwicker Jill G , Suto Melinda , Harris Susan R , Vlasakova Nikol , Missiuna Cheryl 
Published: October 2017

Introduction Affecting 5–6% of children, developmental coordination disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by poor motor coordination and difficulty learning motor skills. Although quantitative studies have suggested that children with developmental coordination disorder experience reduced quality of life, no known qualitative studies have reported what daily life is like from their perspective. Method Guided by an inductive realistic approach and using semi-structured, individual interviews, 13 children (8–12 years) were asked to describe what life is like in their own words. Three researchers coded interviews manually to identify relevant content. An experienced qualitative researcher conducted a second, in-depth thematic analysis using NVivo to identify patterns and themes. Findings Two themes – milestones as millstones and the perils of printing – illuminated participants’ challenges in completing everyday activities at home and at school. The third theme – more than a motor problem – revealed the social and emotional impact of these struggles and from being excluded from play. The fourth theme – coping strategies – described their efforts to be resilient. Conclusion Parents, educators, physicians, and therapists working with children with developmental coordination disorder must recognize how their quality of life is affected by the physical and emotional toll of their efforts to participate successfully in daily activities.