bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concise Review: Functional Definition of Endothelial Progenitor Cells: A Molecular Perspective
Authors: Patel Jatin , Donovan Prudence , Khosrotehrani Kiarash 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Since the discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) almost 2 decades ago, there has been great hope in their use in treating chronic ischemic disease. Unfortunately, to date, many of the clinical trials using EPCs have been hampered by the lack of clear definition of this cell population. Attributes of a progenitor population are self-renewal and multipotentiality. Major progress has been achieved moving from a definition of EPCs based on a candidate cell surface molecule to a functional definition based essentially on self-renewal hierarchy of endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). More recent work has seized on this functional characterization to associate gene expression signatures with the self-renewal capacity of ECFCs. In particular, Notch signaling driving the quiescence of progenitors has been shown to be central to progenitor self-renewal. This new molecular definition has tremendous translational consequences, because progenitors have been shown to display greater vasculogenic potential. Also, this molecular definition of EPC self-renewal allows assessment of the quality of presumed EPC preparations. This promises to be the initial stage in progressing EPCs further into mainstream clinical use.

Significance
The development of a therapy using endothelial progenitor cells provides great hope for patients in treating cardiovascular diseases going forward. For continual development of this therapy toward the clinical, further understanding of the fundamental biology of these cells is required. This will enable a greater understanding of their stemness capacity and provide insight into their ability to differentiate and drive tissue regeneration when injected into a host.
Electronic Corpora as Translation Tools: A Solution in Practice
Authors: Jensen Vigdis , Mousten Birthe , Laursen Anne-Lise 
Published: July 2016

Small bilingual text corpora from a source and target language can be important sources of specialized language tracking for translators. A corpus platform can supplement or replace traditional reference works such as dictionaries and encyclopedia, which are rarely sufficient for the professional translator who has to get a cross-linguistic overview of a new area or a new line of business. Relevant internet texts can be compiled ‘on the fly’, but internet data needs to be sorted and analyzed for rational use. Today, such sorting and analysis can be made by a low-tech, analytical software tool. This article demonstrates how strategic steps of compiling and retrieving linguistic data by means of specific search strategies can be used to make electronic corpora an efficient tool in translators’ daily work with fields that involve new terminology, but where the skills requested to work correspond to being able to perform an advanced Google search. We show the different steps in setting up and working with an ad-hoc corpus, illustrated by means of the software AntConc applied on the SEO area.
INTERVIEW: Knowledge and Terminology Management at Crisplant
Authors: Møller Margrethe H. , Toft Birthe , Kjeldgaard Almsten Lisbeth 
Published: July 2016

Margrethe H. Møller interviews Lisbeth Kjeldgaard Almsten(translator/coauthor: Birthe Toft)“If you think that terminology work is simply a matter of buying terminology management software and getting started, you are in for trouble” At Crisplant, we have been doing terminology management for the past 20 years. Today, term bases are used not just for terminology-oriented term management. Recording other types of master data needed by all kinds of professionals in the enterprise is equally important. Within the past year, Crisplant has been acquired by the German BEUMER group, which means that the terminological resources of the two enterprises are in the process of being integrated. The challenges presented by this process demonstrate the importance of adhering to terminological principles when recording terminology resources, while at the same time reminding us what an essential discipline terminology management really is, in enterprise practice as well as in education. Lisbeth Kjeldgaard AlmstenProject Manager & Linguistic Coordinator at Crisplant.Lisbeth Kjeldgaard Almsten is dedicated to language technology, and she plays the role of coordinator vis-à-vis her colleagues in the BEUMER Group, who use the same language technology tools as the ones she works with.
INTERVIEW: Knowledge and Terminology Management at the Danish National Board of Social Services
Authors: Møller Margrethe H. , Toft Birthe , Rosendahl David 
Published: July 2016

Margrethe H. Møller interviews David Rosendahl(translator/coauthor: Birthe Toft)“We need to do more than simply create classifications” The concept secretariat of the Danish National Board of Social Services carries out terminology and classification work in connection with IT projects, among others, in the field of social services. This work is interesting for several reasons. On the one hand, terminology work obviously contributes to enhanced efficiency and transparency from the points of view of all types of users. On the other hand, some social services professionals are skeptical vis-à-vis the terminology projects because they fear unification and standardization of their professionalism and working procedures in connection with the introduction of new IT systems. And finally, a number of ethical issues have to be taken into consideration when deciding on terminology in the social services field. All in all, target group and communicative aspects become central to the effort.David Rosendahl Terminology consultant at the Danish National Board of Social ServicesThe Danish National Board of Social Services(“Socialstyrelsen”) is an independent subdivision of The Ministry of Social Affairs and Integration. The Board aims to promote new development and initiatives in social services while also supporting and counselling local authorities in providing services to citizens, i.e. children, young people, socially marginalised groups, elderly and disabled.
Control, Communication, and Knowledge-Building in Asian Call Centers
Authors: Lombard Maria 
Published: July 2016

Communication within international call centers can be significantly complicated by breakdowns that result from multiple layers of corporate language. This case study explores training sessions and documentation developed and delivered by an American team responsible for training international call center workers located in the Philippines. Findings show that attempts to standardize and control workplace language can limit meaningful two-way communication, leaving workers to both question what they are told and invent new ways of communicating. Recommendations are presented in this study for a workplace writing model that can overcome language differences through authentic interaction.
Translation Techniques
Authors: Pinheiro Marcia 
Published: July 2016

In this paper, we discuss three translation techniques: literal, cultural, and artistic. Literal translation is a well-known technique, which means that it is quite easy to find sources on the topic. Cultural and artistic translation may be new terms. Whilst cultural translation focuses on matching contexts, artistic translation focuses on matching reactions. Because literal translation matches only words, it is not hard to find situations in which we should not use this technique. Because artistic translation focuses on reactions, judging the quality of an artistic translation work is one of the most difficult things one can do. We end up having a score of complexity and humanity for each one of the mentioned techniques: Literal translation would be the closest thing we have to the machines world and artistic translation would be the closest thing we have to the purely human world. By creating these classifications and studying the subtleties of each one of them, we are adding degrees of quality to our courses and to translation as a professional field. The main contribution of this paper is then the formalization of such a piece of knowledge. We, however, also lay the foundations for studies of this type.
Le « contemporain » de la critique : quelques observations à propos d’un récit impossible1
Authors: Auger Manon 
Published: July 2016

À partir d’une réflexion sur le concept de « contemporain », vu à la fois comme temps présent mais aussi comme période littéraire, je propose dans cet article une lecture métacritique, à la fois méthodologique et exploratoire, du discours critique qui se consacre à la production littéraire québécoise actuelle. Il s’agit, plus précisément, de présenter quelques pistes et quelques hypothèses sur l’état présent de la littérature québécoise contemporaine, non pas tant à partir des propos que la critique, au sens large, tient sur elle, mais bien plutôt en cernant comment, par une méthodologie et une rhétorique propres, les critiques construisent un discours sur la littérature contemporaine susceptible d’en déterminer la réception. C’est ainsi une forme de portrait « réfléchi » de la littérature actuelle qui permettra de mettre en lumière certains topoï du discours critique, tout autant que les enjeux complexes de la mise en récit du contemporain (questions d’histoire littéraire, bornes temporelles, influences critiques, etc.).
Enhanced conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) film by acid treatment for indium tin oxide-free organic solar cells
Authors: Lin Chun-Chiao , Huang Chih-Kuo , Hung Yu-Chieh , Chang Mei-Ying 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
An acid treatment is used in the enhancement of the conductivity of the conducting polymer poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin film, which is often used as the anode in organic solar cells. There are three types of acid treatment for PEDOT:PSS thin film: hydrochloric, sulfuric, and phosphoric acid treatments. In this study, we examine and compare these three ways with each other for differences in conductivity. Hydrochloric acid results in the highest conductivity enhancement, from 0.3 to 1109 S/cm. We also discuss the optical transmittance, conductivity, surface roughness, surface morphology, and stability, as well as the factors that can influence device efficiency. The devices are fabricated using an acid-treated PEDOT:PSS thin film as the anode. The highest power conversion efficiency was 1.32%, which is a large improvement over that of the unmodified organic solar cell (0.21%). It is comparable to that obtained when using indium tin oxide (ITO) as an electrode, ca. 1.46%.
Fabrication of highly ordered Co2Fe0.4Mn0.6Si Heusler alloy films on Si substrates
Authors: Koike Takeo , Oogane Mikihiko , Ono Atsuo , Ando Yasuo 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The structural and magnetic properties of Si(100)/MgO/Co2Fe0.4Mn0.6Si (CFMS) Heusler alloy thin films were systematically investigated. Highly B2-ordered CFMS Heusler films with an ordering parameter of ca. 70–80% were obtained by both the insertion of a very thin Mg layer into the Si/MgO interfaces to prevent oxidation of the Si surface and the optimization of the annealing temperature for the CFMS films. The prepared CFMS films exhibited high magnetization close to that of the CFMS bulk. Such highly B2-ordered CFMS films are very useful for realizing high spin injection efficiency in Si because of the half-metallicity of the CFMS films.
Strong ambipolar‐driven ion upflow within the cleft ion fountain during low geomagnetic activity
Authors: Shen Yangyang , Knudsen David J. , Burchill Johnathan K. , Howarth Andrew , Yau Andrew , Redmon Robert J. , Miles David M. , Varney Roger H. , Nicolls Michael J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe investigate low‐energy (<10 eV) ion upflows (mainly O+) within the cleft ion fountain (CIF) using conjunctions of the Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e‐POP) satellite, the DMSP F16 satellite, the SuperDARN radar, and the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar North (RISR‐N). The SEI instrument on board e‐POP enables us to derive ion upflow velocities from the 2‐D images of ion distribution functions with a frame rate of 100 images per second, and with a velocity resolution of the order of 25 m/s. We identify three cleft ion fountain events with very intense (>1.6 km/s) ion upflow velocities near 1000 km altitude during quiet geomagnetic activity (Kp < 3). Such large ion upflow velocities have been reported previously at or below 1000 km, but only during active periods. Analysis of the core ion distribution images allows us to demonstrate that the ion temperature within the CIF does not rise by more than 0.3 eV relative to background values, which is consistent with RISR‐N observations in the F region. The presence of soft electron precipitation seen by DMSP and lack of significant ion heating indicate that the ion upflows we observe near 1000 km altitude are primarily driven by ambipolar electric fields. DC field‐aligned currents (FACs) and convection velocity gradients accompany these events. The strongest ion upflows are associated with downward current regions, which is consistent with some (although not all) previously published results. The moderate correlation coefficient (0.51) between upflow velocities and currents implies that FACs serve as indirect energy inputs to the ion upflow process.
Gravity wave‐induced variability of the middle thermosphere
Authors: Forbes Jeffrey M. , Bruinsma Sean L. , Doornbos Eelco , Zhang Xiaoli 
Published: July 2016

AbstractContemporary theory, modeling, and first‐principles simulations indicate that dissipation of gravity waves (GW) plays an important role in modifying the mean circulation, thermal structure, and composition of the thermosphere. GW can propagate into the thermosphere from various sources in the lower atmosphere, deposit energy, and momentum into the thermosphere, and thereby modify its mean circulation, thermal structure and composition. However, measurements that verify or constrain predictions of GW propagation well into the thermosphere, especially on a global basis, are extremely limited. In this paper total mass densities and cross‐track winds between 230 and 280 km derived from accelerometer measurements on the Gravity Field and Ocean Circulation Earth Explorer (GOCE) satellite between November 2009 and October 2013 are used to reveal the global morphology of horizontal structures between 128 km and 640 km, which are assumed to mainly reflect the presence of GW. The zonal‐mean RMS variability at these scales is quantified in terms of seasonal‐latitudinal dependences and dawn‐dusk differences, which are interpreted in terms of current theoretical and modeling results. Little evidence is found for any longitude variability that can be attributed to specific source regions, except at high latitudes where polar/auroral sources and magnetic control dominate and near the Andes and the Antarctic Peninsula during local winter.
Comparison of the Dielectric Response of Hybrid Polymer Composites Filled with One‐Dimensional and Two‐Dimensional Carbonaceous Materials in the Microwave Range
Authors: Khurram A. A. , Rakha Sobia A. , Ali Naveed , Munir Arshid , Zhou Peiheng , Raza M. Aamir 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe response of E‐glass/epoxy composites filled with two‐dimensional (2D) graphene nanoplatelets (GnPs) and exfoliated graphene nanoplatelets (xGnPs), and one‐dimensional (1D) multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to microwave is compared in the 8–12 GHz frequency range. The nanocomposites are prepared with 1.0, 1.4, 1.8, 2.2, and 2.6 wt.% of each type of nanofiller. The results of the complex permittivity shows that the E‐glass/epoxy composites filled with GnPs and xGnPs have superior dielectric properties as compared to that of MWCNTs‐filled composites. However, calculations and simulations of reflection loss (RL) have predicted poor microwave absorbing strength of GnPs and xGnPs composites as compared to that of MWCNTs. The calculations of AC conductivity and skin depth show that GnPs‐ and xGnPs‐filled hybrid composites have very large AC conductivity and short skin depth, which can suppress the ability of the composites to absorb electromagnetic waves. The decrease in wt.% of GnPs below 1.0 has improved the microwave absorption in hybrid composites.
A Mitochondria‐Targeted Photosensitizer Showing Improved Photodynamic Therapy Effects Under Hypoxia
Authors: Lv Wen , Zhang Zhang , Zhang Kenneth Yin , Yang Huiran , Liu Shujuan , Xu Aqiang , Guo Song , Zhao Qiang , Huang Wei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOrganelle‐targeted photosensitizers have been reported to be effective photodynamic therapy (PDT) agents. In this work, we designed and synthesized two iridium(III) complexes that specifically stain the mitochondria and lysosomes of living cells, respectively. Both complexes exhibited long‐lived phosphorescence, which is sensitive to oxygen quenching. The photocytotoxicity of the complexes was evaluated under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. The results showed that HeLa cells treated with the mitochondria‐targeted complex maintained a slower respiration rate, leading to a higher intracellular oxygen level under hypoxia. As a result, this complex exhibited an improved PDT effect compared to the lysosome‐targeted complex, especially under hypoxia conditions, suggestive of a higher practicable potential of mitochondria‐targeted PDT agents in cancer therapy.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Redox‐Active Esters with Boronic Acids
Authors: Wang Jie , Qin Tian , Chen Tie‐Gen , Wimmer Laurin , Edwards Jacob T. , Cornella Josep , Vokits Benjamin , Shaw Scott A. , Baran Phil S. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA transformation analogous in simplicity and functional group tolerance to the venerable Suzuki cross‐coupling between alkyl‐carboxylic acids and boronic acids is described. This Ni‐catalyzed reaction relies upon the activation of alkyl carboxylic acids as their redox‐active ester derivatives, specifically N‐hydroxy‐tetrachlorophthalimide (TCNHPI), and proceeds in a practical and scalable fashion. The inexpensive nature of the reaction components (NiCl2⋅6 H2O—$9.5 mol−1, Et3N) coupled to the virtually unlimited commercial catalog of available starting materials bodes well for its rapid adoption.
Why Do Lithium–Oxygen Batteries Fail: Parasitic Chemical Reactions and Their Synergistic Effect
Authors: Yao Xiahui , Dong Qi , Cheng Qingmei , Wang Dunwei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAs an electrochemical energy‐storage technology with the highest theoretical capacity, lithium–oxygen batteries face critical challenges in terms of poor stabilities and low charge/discharge round‐trip efficiencies. It is generally recognized that these issues are connected to the parasitic chemical reactions at the anode, electrolyte, and cathode. While the detailed mechanisms of these reactions have been studied separately, the possible synergistic effects between these reactions remain poorly understood. To fill in the knowledge gap, this Minireview examines literature reports on the parasitic chemical reactions and finds the reactive oxygen species a key chemical mediator that participates in or facilitates nearly all parasitic chemical reactions. Given the ubiquitous presence of oxygen in all test cells, this finding is important. It offers new insights into how to stabilize various components of lithium–oxygen batteries for high‐performance operations and how to eventually materialize the full potentials of this promising technology.
De Novo Synthesis of Furanose Sugars: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Apiose and Apiose‐Containing Oligosaccharides
Authors: Kim Mijin , Kang Soyeong , Rhee Young Ho 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA de novo synthetic method towards apiose, a structurally unusual furanose, is reported. The key feature is sequential metal catalysis consisting of the palladium‐catalyzed asymmetric intermolecular hydroalkoxylation of an alkoxyallene and subsequent ring‐closing metathesis (RCM). This strategy enabled the efficient synthesis of various apiose‐containing disaccharides and a unique convergent synthesis of trisaccharides.
Hydroacenes Made Easy by Gold(I) Catalysis
Authors: Dorel Ruth , McGonigal Paul R. , Echavarren Antonio M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA novel strategy for the synthesis of partially saturated acene derivatives has been developed based on a AuI‐catalyzed cyclization of 1,7‐enynes. This method provides straightforward access to stable polycyclic products featuring the backbone of the acene series, up to nonacene.
Influence of the environment during a photodegradation of multilayer films
Authors: Lewandowski Simon , Rejsek‐Riba Virginie , Bernès Alain , Perraud Sophie , Lacabanne Colette 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTThe influence of different stratosphere parameters on the degradation of a multilayer film was investigated. The selected multilayer was a three polymeric layers film, a polyamide 6 film inserted between two poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films. Samples were exposed for several ageing under ultraviolet radiations (filtered at 270 nm), varying the atmosphere at 55 mbar pressure (atm, atm + ozone, N2, and T = −55 °C or +23 °C). Evolution of it mechanical properties defined by uniaxial tractions, thermo‐optical properties defined by spectrophotometry UV–vis‐NIR, chemical properties defined by FTIR‐ATR, and thermal and dielectric properties defined, respectively, by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamical dielectric spectroscopy (DDS), were investigated. Our results showed that UV irradiation causes multilayer films degradations, that is, principally decrease of UV transmittance and stress and strain at break (−50%). An increase of the ageing temperature causes an acceleration of these degradations. Degradations principally occur on the PET side of the multilayer exposed to UV radiation. Moreover, the DDS analysis shows a plasticization effect of the primary mode in the polyamide 6 due to photo‐oxidation. Oxygen diffusion is the principal element for this plasticization, indeed it not occurs in a nonoxidative environment (nitrogen), or at low ageing temperature (−55 °C). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44075.
Interdecadal circumglobal teleconnection pattern during boreal summer
Authors: Wu Bo , Lin Jianshe , Zhou Tianjun 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA new atmospheric teleconnection pattern on the interdecadal time scale, interdecadal circumglobal teleconnection pattern (ID‐CGT pattern), is identified. The ID‐CGT pattern dominates the interdecadal variability of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) extratropical circulation during boreal summer. The ID‐CGT pattern has a great climate effect and can cause an alternatively positive and negative pattern of the NH mid‐latitude land surface temperature anomalies. Compared with its counterpart on the interannual time scale (IA‐CGT pattern), the ID‐CGT pattern shows following three distinctive features. Firstly, although both ID‐CGT and IA‐CGT patterns show zonal wavenumber‐5 structures, the former nodes shift westward relative to the latter by about 1/4 wavelength. Secondly, all the five nodes of the ID‐CGT pattern possess barotropic structures, unlike the IA‐CGT, which has a baroclinic node. Thirdly, the ID‐CGT pattern is associated with the Atlantic multi‐decadal oscillation, whereas the IA‐CGT pattern is with the Indian summer monsoon precipitation anomalies.