bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of a flow cytometric method for quantification of BCL‐2 family members in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and correlation with sensitivity to BCL‐2 family inhibitors
Authors: Smith Morey L. , Chyla Brenda , McKeegan Evelyn , Tahir Stephen K. 
Published: May 2016

BackgroundWe have developed a quantitative fluorescence cytometry (QFCM) method that can be used to measure BCL‐2 family member proteins in cell lines and clinical samples. We described the validation of antibodies, methods development and application of the assay.MethodWe characterized and validated antibodies to BCL‐2, BCL‐XL, and MCL‐1 in cell lines to confirm specificity for flow cytometry. Each protein was measured in a panel of leukemia/lymphoma cell lines and B‐cells from chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients treated with the BCL‐2/BCL‐XL inhibitor navitoclax. The cellular activity of various BCL‐2 family member inhibitors alone and in combination was determined to demonstrate utility of our assay to correlate protein levels with efficacy.ResultsWe identified antibodies that were highly specific for each protein. The expression profile in cell lines as determined by molecules of equivalent soluble fluorochrome was comparable to western blot. Using our assay, BCL‐2, BCL‐XL, and MCL‐1 protein levels were shown to correlate with response to BCL‐2 family inhibitors in vitro and could be measured in clinical samples.ConclusionsThis method can quantify BCL‐2 family members in a specific, highly reproducible and sensitive fashion, and requires fewer cells compared to western blot. It is particularly useful for identifying BCL‐2, BCL‐XL, and MCL‐1 protein levels in a specific cell population within a heterogeneous population like those collected from CLL patients. These data show that our QFCM method can be used to facilitate the quantification and evaluation of biomarkers predictive of response in patients treated with BCL‐2 family member inhibitors. © 2016 International Clinical Cytometry Society
Deterministic and stochastic processes lead to divergence in plant communities 25 years after the 1988 Yellowstone fires
Authors: Romme William H. , Whitby Timothy G. , Tinker Daniel B. , Turner Monica G. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractYoung, recently burned forests are increasingly widespread throughout western North America, but forest development after large wildfires is not fully understood, especially regarding effects of variable burn severity, environmental heterogeneity, and changes in drivers over time. We followed development of subalpine forests after the 1988 Yellowstone fires by periodically resampling permanent plots established soon after the fires. We asked two questions about patterns and processes over the past 25 years: (1) Are plant species richness and community composition converging or diverging across variation in elevation, soils, burn severity, and post‐fire lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia) density? (2) What are the major controls on post‐fire species composition, and has the relative importance of controls changed over time? For question 1, we sampled 10‐m2 plots (n = 552) distributed among three geographic areas that differ in elevation and substrate; plots spanned the spectrum of fire severities and were resampled periodically from 1991 to 2013. For question 2, we sampled 0.25‐ha plots (n = 72), broadly distributed across areas that burned as stand‐replacing fire, in 1999 and 2012. Richness and species composition diverged early on between infertile low‐elevation areas (lower richness) and more fertile high‐elevation areas (greater richness). Richness increased rapidly for the first 5 yr post‐fire, then leveled off or increased only slowly thereafter. Only 6% of 227 recorded species were nonnative. Some annuals and species with heat‐stimulated soil seed banks were associated with severely burned sites. However, most post‐fire species had been present before the fire; many survived as roots or rhizomes and regenerated rapidly by sprouting. Among the 72 plots, substrate, temperature, and precipitation (the abiotic template) were consistently important drivers of community composition in 1999 and 2012. Post‐fire lodgepole pine abundance was not significant in 1999 but was the most important driving variable by 2012, with a negative effect on presence of most understory species, especially annuals and shade‐intolerant herbs. Burn severity was significant in 1999 but not in 2012, and distance to unburned forest had no influence in either year. The 1988 fires did not fundamentally alter subalpine forest community assemblages in Yellowstone, and ecological memory conferred resilience to high‐severity fire.
Reading Fluency and College Readiness
Authors: Rasinski Timothy V. , Chang Shu‐Ching , Edmondson Elizabeth , Nageldinger James , Nigh Jennifer , Remark Linda , Kenney Kristen Srsen , Walsh‐Moorman Elizabeth , Yildirim Kasim , Nichols William Dee , Paige David D. , Rupley William H. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe Common Core State Standards suggest that an appropriate goal for secondary education is college and career readiness. Previous research has identified reading fluency as a critical component for proficient reading. One component of fluency is word recognition accuracy and automaticity. The present study attempted to determine the word recognition accuracy and automaticity indicators for incoming college students and to examine the relationship between oral reading rate and ACT scores. Knowledge of such performance may provide secondary literacy educators with another tool for assessing reading proficiency and college readiness. Eighty‐one students were asked to read a college‐level narrative passage. Mean student accuracy and automacity scores were determined, as well as correlations between accuracy, automacity, and students’ ACT scores. Results suggest a moderate and significant relationship between measures of automaticity and both the ACT reading subtest and ACT composite scores.
Regulation of cellular behaviors of fibroblasts related to wound healing by sol–gel derived bioactive glass particles
Authors: Xie Weihan , Chen Xiaofeng , Miao Guohou , Tang Jieying , Fu Xiaoling 
Published: May 2016

AbstractSol–gel derived bioactive glass (BG) holds great potential in the application of skin repair. However, the specific regulation of BG on skin cells is still unclear and demands more investigation. Herein, we synthesized sol–gel derived BGs with different compositions (60S, 70S, 80S, and 90S) and found 90S BGs (90 mol % SiO2, 6 mol % CaO, 4 mol % P2O5) exhibited the best supportiveness for the proliferation of normal human foreskin fibroblasts. Thus, 90S BG particles were used as a model to systematically study the wound healing related cellular response of fibroblasts to BGs. Time‐lapse imaging revealed a promoted fibroblast motility stimulated by 90S BG particles. Results on the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) related genes illustrated that 90S BG particles modulated the synthesis capacity for critical ECM molecules including type I collagen, type III collagen, fibronectin, and tenascin‐C. Moreover, the myofibroblastic differentiation of fibroblasts was greatly inhibited by 90S BG particles. Further analysis on the intracellular signaling pathways demonstrated that 90S BG particles down‐regulated the collagen synthesis and fibroblast‐to‐myofibroblast differentiation via TGF‐β1‐Smad2 signaling, evidenced by the decreased expression levels of TGF‐β receptor I and its downstream effector Smad2. Our study provided a further understanding of the specific regulation of 90S BG particles on fibroblasts, which may guide the future design of BG based wound dressing and benefit the clinical application of BG particles in skin repair. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2420–2429, 2016.
A new photocrosslinkable polycaprolactone‐based ink for three‐dimensional inkjet printing
Authors: He Yinfeng , Tuck Christopher J. , Prina Elisabetta , Kilsby Sam , Christie Steven D. R. , Edmondson Stephen , Hague Richard J. M. , Rose Felicity R. A. J. , Wildman Ricky D. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA new type of photocrosslinkable polycaprolactone (PCL) based ink that is suitable for three‐dimensional (3D) inkjet printing has been developed. Photocrosslinkable Polycaprolactone dimethylacrylate (PCLDMA) was synthesized and mixed with poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to prepare an ink with a suitable viscosity for inkjet printing. The ink performance under different printing environments, initiator concentrations, and post processes was studied. This showed that a nitrogen atmosphere during printing was beneficial for curing and material property optimization, as well as improving the quality of structures produced. A simple structure, built in the z‐direction, demonstrated the potential for this material for the production of 3D printed objects. Cell tests were carried out to investigate the biocompatibility of the developed ink. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B: Applied Biomaterials Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1645–1657, 2017.
A two‐step method using air plasma and carbodiimide crosslinking to enhance the biocompatibility of polycaprolactone
Authors: Sahapaibounkit Paramaporn , Prasertsung Isarawut , Mongkolnavin Rattachat , Wong Chiow San , Damrongsakkul Siriporn 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn this study, polycaprolactone (PCL) film, a high potential material used in biomedical applications, was treated by air plasma prior to a conjugation by carbodiimide cross‐linking with various types of proteins, including type A gelatin, type B gelatin, and collagen hydrolysate. The properties of modified PCL films were characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle measurement, and atomic force microscopy. The XPS results showed that oxygen and nitrogen atoms were successfully introduced on the air plasma‐treated PCL surface. Primary amine was found on the air plasma‐treated PCL films. All proteins were shown to be successfully cross‐linked on air plasma‐treated PCL films. The wettability and roughness of protein‐conjugated PCL films were significantly increased compared to those of neat PCL film. In vitro biocompatibility test using L929 mouse fibroblast showed that the attachment percentage and spreading area of attached cells on all protein‐conjugated PCL films were markedly increased. Comparing among modified PCL films, no significant difference on the attachment of L929 on modified PCL films was noticed. However, the spreading areas of cells after 24 hours of culture on type A gelatin‐ and type B gelatin‐modified PCL surfaces were higher than that on collagen hydrolysate‐modified surface, possibly related to the lower percentage of amide bond on collagen hydrolysate‐conjugated surface compared to those on both gelatin‐conjugated PCL ones. This indicated that the two‐step modification of PCL film via air plasma and carbodiimide cross‐linking with collagen‐derived proteins could enhance the biocompatibility of PCL films. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1658–1666, 2017.
A new mercury‐accumulating Mucor hiemalis strain EH8 from cold sulfidic spring water biofilms
Authors: Hoque Enamul , Fritscher Johannes 
Published: May 2016

AbstractHere, we report about a unique aquatic fungus Mucor hiemalisEH8 that can remove toxic ionic mercury from water by intracellular accumulation and reduction into elemental mercury (Hg0). EH8 was isolated from a microbial biofilm grown in sulfidic‐reducing spring water sourced at a Marching's site located downhill from hop cultivation areas with a history of mercury use. A thorough biodiversity survey and mercury‐removal function analyses were undertaken in an area of about 200 km2 in Bavaria (Germany) to find the key biofilm and microbe for mercury removal. After a systematic search using metal removal assays we identified Marching spring's biofilm out of 18 different sulfidic springs' biofilms as the only one that was capable of removing ionic Hg from water. EH8 was selected, due to its molecular biological identification as the key microorganism of this biofilm with the capability of mercury removal, and cultivated as a pure culture on solid and in liquid media to produce germinating sporangiospores. They removed 99% of mercury from water within 10–48 h after initial exposure to Hg(II). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated occurrence of intracellular mercury in germinating sporangiospores exposed to mercury. Not only associated with intracellular components, but mercury was also found to be released and deposited as metallic‐shiny nanospheres. Electron‐dispersive x‐ray analysis of such a nanosphere confirmed presence of mercury by the HgMα peak at 2.195 keV. Thus, a first aquatic eukaryotic microbe has been found that is able to grow even at low temperature under sulfur‐reducing conditions with promising performance in mercury removal to safeguard our environment from mercury pollution.
Comparative efficacy of tulathromycin and tildipirosin for the treatment of experimental Mycoplasma bovis infection in calves
Authors: Bartram David J. , Moyaert Hilde , Vanimisetti Bindu H. , Ramage Clifford P. , Reddick David , Stegemann Michael R. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThe objective of this negative controlled, blinded, randomised, parallel group study was to compare the efficacy of two injectable macrolide antimicrobials, tulathromycin and tildipirosin, administered by single subcutaneous injection at dose rates of 2.5 and 4.0 mg kg−1 bodyweight, respectively, in the treatment of an experimentally induced Mycoplasma bovis infection in calves. A total of 238 M. bovis‐negative calves were challenged on three consecutive days with M. bovis by endobronchial deposition. Post‐challenge, a total of 126 animals fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were randomly allocated to three treatment groups: tulathromycin, tildipirosin and saline. Clinical observations for signs of respiratory disease and injection site assessments were conducted daily for 14 days post‐treatment. The animals were then killed, the lungs were examined for evidence of lesions, and samples collected for bacterial isolation. Calves treated with tulathromycin had a lower percentage of lung with lesions (P = 0.0079), lower mortality (P = 0.0477), fewer days with depressed demeanour (P = 0.0486) and higher body weight (P = 0.0112) than calves administered tildipirosin.
A longitudinal study of self‐control at the transition to secondary school: Considering the role of pubertal status and parenting
Authors: Ng‐Knight Terry , Shelton Katherine H. , Riglin Lucy , McManus I.C. , Frederickson Norah , Rice Frances 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTHigher self‐control in children and adolescents is associated with a range of positive outcomes in adulthood. However, little is known about the naturalistic development of self‐control during early adolescence and the factors that affect this. We examined the role of puberty and parenting style as theoretically important influences on stability and change in self‐control. A longitudinal (3 waves), multiple‐informant dataset of children entering early adolescence (M = 11 years) was used to explore longitudinal change in self‐control using latent growth curve modelling. Children's self‐control declined during the one‐year study period and declines were associated with children's behavioural and social functioning. Associations with self‐control were found for pubertal status and parental warmth and hostility, but not for parental discipline. The findings suggest that during early adolescence, when children make the transition to secondary school, self‐control declines. This is particularly the case for those experiencing puberty earlier than their peers. Parent warmth influences the trajectory of self‐control during this period.
Protocol of randomized controlled trial of potentized estrogen in homeopathic treatment of chronic pelvic pain associated with endometriosis
Authors: Sérgio Podgaec , Baracat Edmund Chada , Teixeira Marcus Zulian 
Published: May 2016

Background: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes difficult-to-treat pelvic pain. Thus being, many patients seek help in complementary and alternative medicine, including homeopathy. The effectiveness of homeopathic treatment for endometriosis is controversial due to the lack of evidences in the literature. The aim of the present randomized controlled trial is to assess the efficacy of potentized estrogen compared to placebo in the treatment of chronic pelvic pain associated with endometriosis.Methods/design: The present is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a homeopathic medicine individualized according to program ‘New Homeopathic Medicines: use of modern drugs according to the principle of similitude’ (http://newhomeopathicmedicines.com). Women with endometriosis, chronic pelvic pain and a set of signs and symptoms similar to the adverse events caused by estrogen were recruited at the Endometriosis Unit of Division of Clinical Gynecology, Clinical Hospital, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo (Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo – HCFMUSP). The participants were selected based on the analysis of their medical records and the application of self-report structured questionnaires. A total of 50 women meeting the eligibility criteria will be randomly allocated to receive potentized estrogen or placebo. The primary clinical outcome measure will be severity of chronic pelvic pain. Statistical analysis will be performed on the intention-to-treat and per-protocol approaches comparing the effect of the homeopathic medicine versus placebo after 24 weeks of intervention.Discussion: The present study was approved by the research ethics committee of HCFMUSP and the results are expected in 2016.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02427386.
Attitudes and behaviors towards risky driving among adolescents in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ramisetty-Mikler Suhasini , Almakadma Abdulkarim 
Published: May 2016

Background and Objectives:
The main objective of the paper is to investigate perceptions and attitudes of school youth concerning risky driving behaviors (i.e.: Tafheet) in Saudi Arabia.

Design
and Setting: This was a school-based cross-sectional study of adolescents in Riyadh that employed a multistage probability sampling scheme.

Subjects and Methods:
The self-administered survey included questions adapted from the school-based studies conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States. The survey inquired about adolescents’ behaviors and attitudes toward driving, perceptions of school and family, and leisure time activities.

Results:
Nearly 40% of the students surveyed reported engaging in the risky driving behavior called Tafheet. Fifty-one percent of those who engage in dangerous activities also reported engaging in Tafheet. A higher proportion (70%) among those who believe Tafheet is a talent or a cool activity also engaged in Tafheet. Multivariate analyses indicate that students who are willing to engage in dangerous activities even when they are known to be dangerous (OR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.55-4.72), those who think there is no harm in not wearing seat belts are at higher speeds (OR = 2.77; 95% CI = 1.24-6.21), and those who use a mobile telephone while driving are nearly three times (OR = 2.96; 95% CI = 1.41-6.23) at risk for engaging in Tafheet. Lack of respect towards traffic laws is also a risk factor.

Conclusion:
Our study unequivocally points to pro-attitudes and behavior including a daring personality, not wearing a seat belt and using a mobile telephone while driving are significant factors associated with risky driving activity. Our study calls for a strategic intervention plan to change the culture of risky driving through a structured and stringent driving curriculum in school settings. A curriculum of this nature is currently non-existent in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). Multilevel and multifaceted interventions may hold great promise in reducing unintended motor vehicle injuries and changing the culture as a whole.
Serum From Patients with Erectile Dysfunction and Vascular Risk Factors Triggered an Oxidative Stress-Dependent Mitochondrial Apoptotic Pathway in Ex Vivo Expanded Circulating Angiogenic Cells of Healthy Men
Authors: D'Andrea Settimio , Micillo Alessandro , Francavilla Felice , Di Emidio Giovanna , Tatone Carla , Francavilla Sandro , Barbonetti Arcangelo 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Serum from men with erectile dysfunction (ED) and vascular risk factors inhibits circulating mononuclear cells (MNCs) from expanding ex vivo and differentiating circulating angiogenic cells (CACs), which are putatively involved in the repair of endothelial damage.

Aim
To explore the involvement of apoptosis in the inhibition of CAC differentiation from MNCs of healthy men exerted by serum from men with ED and vascular risk factors.

Methods
MNCs from healthy men were cultured in serum from 10 healthy men (median age = 45 years, 25th–75th quartiles = 38.5–48.5) and from 14 patients (median age = 58.0 years, 25th–75th quartiles = 52.5–62.0). CACs were identified by the uptake of 1,1′-dioctadecyl-3,3,3′,3′-tetramethylindocarbocyanine–labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (DiLDL) and concomitant Ulex europaeus agglutinin I binding assessed by fluorescence microscopy.

Main Outcome Measures
Flow cytometric evaluation of mitochondrial membrane potential, assessed with 5,5′,6,6′-tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-benimidazolyl carbocyanine iodide dye, and of activated caspase-8, -9, and -3 in DiLDL-positive cells.

Results
The number of CACs was significantly decreased by serum from patients compared with controls. This was associated with suppression of the mitochondrial membrane potential and activation of caspase-9 and -3 but not of caspase-8. This suggests an activation of the intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathway of apoptosis, whereas the death receptor activation of apoptosis was not involved. Activation of caspase-9 and -3 induced by serum from patients with ED was prevented by the exposure of MNCs to Trolox, a hydrophilic cell-permeable vitamin E analog with high antioxidant capacity.

Conclusion
An oxidative stress-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction was triggered in ex vivo expanded CACs of healthy men by serum from men with vascular risk factors and ED, the only clinical correlate for diffuse vascular disease. The activation of apoptosis and inhibition of CAC differentiation might generate a defective mechanism of vascular repair.