bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Three‐Frequency Ca+ Doppler Lidar for Ion Temperature Measurements in the E and F Regions
Authors: Wu Fang , Jiao Jing , Du Lifang , Zheng Haoran , Wang Zelong , Cheng Xuewu , Wu Fuju , Xia Yuan , Wang Jiqin , Wang Wei , Wang Kexin , Xun Yuchang , Xu Jiyao , Zhu Yajun , Yuan Wei , Liu Weijun , Yang Guotao 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe ion temperature is an important parameter for ionospheric detection, yet there is limited research on ion temperatures at altitude range from 80 to 300 km. Currently, a single‐frequency Ca+ ion optical parametric oscillator (OPO) Lidar system can be used to obtain the Ca+ ion density in this region at Yanqing Station, Beijing (40.4°N, 116.0°E). In this study, the ion temperature can be obtained by extending our original lidar to include three‐frequency Ca+ Doppler detection. This development represents a pioneering step on measuring ion temperatures by lidar in the ionospheric E‐F region. Preliminary results in the E region show that lidar temperatures at 90–105 km under the condition of smooth changes in Ca+ ion morphology align reasonably with satellite‐based observations and model‐derived temperatures. Additionally, the exploratory ion temperatures of the F layer peak heights at 200–300 km were obtained. Furthermore, parameter optimization and temperature error analysis in the E‐F region are explored, providing valuable insights for the development of Ca+ Doppler lidar systems. The advent of Ca+ Doppler lidar has greatly expanded the lidar detection altitude range of temperature and the possibilities for in‐depth research on ion temperature and velocity in regions affected by complex electrodynamic effects. These findings lay the foundation for subsequent studies of coupling processes in the ionospheric E‐F region.
Impact of Asian Dust on Cirrus Formation Over the Central Pacific: CALIOP‐ and CloudSat‐Observation‐Based Case Studies
Authors: Shen Huijia , Yin Zhenping , He Yun , Ansmann Albert , Zhan Yifan , Wang Longlong , Jing Dongzhe 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCirrus clouds are of great importance to the global climate, with their net radiative forcing strongly dependent on the microphysical properties that are related to the ice‐nucleating regime. However, the influence of long‐range transport of dust on primary ice formation in cirrus clouds is limitedly understood, specifically over the clean remote ocean regions. Here, two case studies show that transpacific Asian dust can impact the ice formation of cirrus clouds over the central Pacific based on Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization and Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR, CloudSat) observations. One case shows a well‐developed horizontally extended cirrus embedded in a pure dust layer, with an average dust‐related ice‐nucleating particle concentration (INPC) of 7 L−1 and 96 L−1 for an ice saturation ratio Si of 1.15 and 1.25, respectively; ice crystal number concentration (ICNC) with diameters >25 and 100 μm (denoted as nice,25 μm and nice,100 μm) are 64 L−1 and 7 L−1, respectively. Another case shows that cirrus clouds with a much smaller horizontal extent appeared in the vicinity of polluted dust, with an average INPC of 42–310 L−1 for the typical higher Si of 1.25–1.35 by considering a tenfold reduction of the ice nucleation efficiency of ice crystals; nice,25 μm and nice,100 μm are 168 L−1 and 20 L−1, respectively. The estimated INPC and ICNC values suggest the dominance of ice formation by dust‐induced heterogeneous nucleation, proving that the long‐range transport of dust toward the upper troposphere and the potential influence on cirrus formation over the central Pacific should be well considered in atmospheric models.
Quantitative phase microscopies: accuracy comparison
Authors: Chaumet Patrick C. , Bon Pierre , Maire Guillaume , Sentenac Anne , Baffou Guillaume 
Published: October 2024

AbstractQuantitative phase microscopies (QPMs) play a pivotal role in bio-imaging, offering unique insights that complement fluorescence imaging. They provide essential data on mass distribution and transport, inaccessible to fluorescence techniques. Additionally, QPMs are label-free, eliminating concerns of photobleaching and phototoxicity. However, navigating through the array of available QPM techniques can be complex, making it challenging to select the most suitable one for a particular application. This tutorial review presents a thorough comparison of the main QPM techniques, focusing on their accuracy in terms of measurement precision and trueness. We focus on 8 techniques, namely digital holographic microscopy (DHM), cross-grating wavefront microscopy (CGM), which is based on QLSI (quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry), diffraction phase microscopy (DPM), differential phase-contrast (DPC) microscopy, phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) imaging, Fourier phase microscopy (FPM), spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM), and transport-of-intensity equation (TIE) imaging. For this purpose, we used a home-made numerical toolbox based on discrete dipole approximation (IF-DDA). This toolbox is designed to compute the electromagnetic field at the sample plane of a microscope, irrespective of the object’s complexity or the illumination conditions. We upgraded this toolbox to enable it to model any type of QPM, and to take into account shot noise. In a nutshell, the results show that DHM and PSI are inherently free from artefacts and rather suffer from coherent noise; In CGM, DPC, DPM and TIE, there is a trade-off between precision and trueness, which can be balanced by varying one experimental parameter; FPM and SLIM suffer from inherent artefacts that cannot be discarded experimentally in most cases, making the techniques not quantitative especially for large objects covering a large part of the field of view, such as eukaryotic cells.
Ultrasensitive liquid sensor based on an embedded microchannel bulk acoustic wave resonator
Authors: Gu Xiyu , Liu Yan , Qu Yuanhang , Chen Xiang , Liu Zesheng , Cai Yao , Liu Wenjuan , Guo Shishang , Sun Chengliang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe high-frequency and high-quality factor characteristics of bulk acoustic wave (BAW) resonators have significantly advanced their application in sensing technologies. In this work, a fluidic sensor based on a BAW resonator structure is fabricated and investigated. Embedded microchannels are formed beneath the active area of the BAW device without the need for external processes. As liquid flows through the microchannel, pressure is exerted on the upper wall (piezoelectric film) of the microchannel, which causes a shift in the resonant frequency. Using density functional theory, we revealed the intrinsic mechanism by which piezoelectric film deformation influences BAW resonator performance. Theoretically, the upwardly convex piezoelectric film caused by liquid flow can increase the resonant frequency. The experimental results obtained with ethanol solutions of different concentrations reveal that the sensor, which operates at a high resonant frequency of 2.225 GHz, achieves a remarkable sensitivity of 5.1 MHz/% (221 ppm/%), with an ultrahigh linearity of 0.995. This study reveals the intrinsic mechanism of liquid sensing based on BAW resonators, highlights the potential of AlN/Al0.8Sc0.2N composite film BAW resonators in liquid sensing applications and offers insights for future research and development in this field.
Oral syphilis - the great imitator: a series of six cases
Authors: Maloney Brian , Healy Claire M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractSyphilis is an infectious disease which can present with multitudinous mucocutaneous manifestations. Often referred to as the ‘great mimicker', syphilis can present with non-specific symptoms and has a tropism for various organ systems. The oral cavity has been identified as a site commonly affected in the early stages of syphilis infection. Identification of the diverse presentations seen across the different stages of syphilis infection can assist in early diagnosis and treatment for this cohort of patients. Despite accurate diagnostic tools and the susceptibility of the infection to standard antimicrobial therapy, syphilis infections continue to rise worldwide.We present the clinical features and management of six cases of oral syphilis who presented to our unit. One case presented in 2008, but the other five cases presented between 2016 and 2023, reflecting the increasing incidence of syphilis infection. Five cases presented in the secondary stage of the infection while one presented with a primary infection in the form of a single chancre.The documented cases demonstrate the non-specific and variable clinical features of oral syphilis and highlight the importance of awareness in the dental profession of these manifestations. Dentists have an important role to play in recognising the disease and arranging appropriate testing for early intervention. This will not only reduce the incidence of the devastating consequences of tertiary infections but will also result in reduced spread of the disease.
Stage-specific modulation of multinucleation, fusion, and resorption by the long non-coding RNA DLEU1 and miR-16 in human primary osteoclasts
Authors: Moura Sara Reis , Sousa Ana Beatriz , Olesen Jacob Bastholm , Barbosa Mário Adolfo , Søe Kent , Almeida Maria Inês 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOsteoclasts are the only cells able to resorb all the constituents of the bone matrix. While the modulation of osteoclast activity is well established for preventing bone-related diseases, there is an increasing demand for novel classes of anti-resorption agents. Herein, we investigated non-coding RNA molecules and proposed DLEU1 and miR-16 as potential candidates for modulating osteoclast functions. DLEU1 and miR-16 target cell fusion at both the early and late stages of osteoclastogenesis but operate through independent pathways. DLEU1 silencing hinders the fusion process, leading to abrogation of the phagocytic cup fusion modality and a reduction in the fusion events between mononucleated precursors and multinucleated osteoclasts, while miR-16 influences monocyte-to-osteoclast differentiation, impairing osteoclasts formation but not the number of nuclei at early stages. On the other hand, using these non-coding RNAs to engineer mature osteoclasts has implications for bone resorption. Both DLEU1 and miR-16 influence the speed of resorption in pit-forming osteoclasts, without affecting the resorbed area. However, the impact of increasing miR-16 levels extends more broadly, affecting trench-forming osteoclasts as well, leading to a reduction in their percentage, speed, and resorbed area. These findings offer potential new therapeutic targets to ameliorate bone destruction in skeletal diseases.
High mitochondrial DNA content is a key determinant of stemness, proliferation, cell migration, and cancer metastasis in vivo
Authors: Mauro-Lizcano Marta , Di Pisa Filippo , Larrea Murillo Luis , Sugden Conor J. , Sotgia Federica , Lisanti Michael P. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHere, we examined the potential role of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) levels in conveying aggressive phenotypes in cancer cells, using two widely-used breast cell lines as model systems (MCF7[ER+] and MDA-MB-231[ER-]). These human breast cancer cell lines were fractionated into mtDNA-high and mtDNA-low cell sub-populations by flow cytometry, using SYBR Gold as a vital probe to stain mitochondrial nucleoids in living cells. Enrichment of mtDNA-high and mtDNA-low cell sub-populations was independently validated, using a specific DNA-binding mAb probe (AC-30-10), and mitochondrial-based functional assays. As predicted, mtDNA-high MCF7 cells showed significant increases in mitochondrial mass, membrane potential, and superoxide production, as well as increased mitochondrial respiration and ATP production. Moreover, mtDNA-high MCF7 cells demonstrated increases in stemness features, such as anchorage-independent growth and CD44 levels, as well as drug-resistance to Gemcitabine and Tamoxifen. Proliferation rates were also significantly increased, with a dramatic shift towards the S- and G2/M-phases of the cell cycle; this was indeed confirmed by RNA-Seq analysis. Complementary results were obtained with MDA-MB-231 cells. More specifically, mtDNA-high MDA-MB-231 cells showed increases in stemness features and ATP production, as well as rapid cell cycle progression. Moreover, mtDNA-high MDA-MB-231 cells also exhibited increases in both cell migration and invasion, suggesting a role for mtDNA in distant metastasis. To test this hypothesis more directly, a preclinical in vivo model was utilized. For this purpose, MDA-MB-231 tumour cell grafts were treated with an established mtDNA synthesis inhibitor, namely Alovudine (3’-deoxy-3’-fluorothymidine). As expected, drug-induced depletion of mtDNA led to a shift from mitochondrial to glycolytic metabolism. Interestingly, Alovudine very effectively reduced the formation of spontaneous metastases by nearly 70%, but minimally inhibited tumour growth by approximately 20%. Taken together, these data suggest that high mtDNA content is a key driver of stemness, proliferation, and migration, as well as cancer cell metastasis.
Amodiaquine ameliorates stress-induced premature cellular senescence via promoting SIRT1-mediated HR repair
Authors: Du Jie , Chen Fuqiang , Du Chenghong , Zhao Wenna , Chen Zihan , Ding Zhenhua , Zhou Meijuan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDNA damage is considered to be a potentially unifying driver of ageing, and the stalling of DNA damage repair accelerates the cellular senescence. However, augmenting DNA repair has remained a great challenge due to the intricate repair mechanisms specific for multiple types of lesions. Herein, we miniaturized our modified detecting system for homologous recombination (HR) into a 96-well-based platform and performed a high-throughput chemical screen for FDA-approved drugs. We uncovered that amodiaquine could significantly augment HR repair at the noncytotoxic concentration. Further experiments demonstrated that amodiaquine remarkably suppressed stress-induced premature cellular senescence (SIPS), as evidenced by senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining or senescence‐related markers p21WAF1 and p16ink4a, and the expression of several cytokines. Mechanistic studies revealed that the stimulation of HR repair by amodiaquine might be mostly attributable to the promotion of SIRT1 at the transcriptional level. Additionally, SIRT1 depletion abolished the amodiaquine‐mediated effects on DNA repair and cellular senescence, indicating that amodiaquine delayed the onset of SIPS via a SIRT1-dependent pathway. Taken together, this experimental approach paved the way for the identification of compounds that augment HR activity, which could help to underscore the therapeutic potential of targeting DNA repair for treating aging-related diseases.
Structural basis for synthase activation and cellulose modification in the E. coli Type II Bcs secretion system
Authors: Anso Itxaso , Zouhir Samira , Sana Thibault Géry , Krasteva Petya Violinova 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBacterial cellulosic polymers constitute a prevalent class of biofilm matrix exopolysaccharides that are synthesized by several types of bacterial cellulose secretion (Bcs) systems, which include conserved cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP)-dependent cellulose synthase modules together with diverse accessory subunits. In E. coli, the biogenesis of phosphoethanolamine (pEtN)-modified cellulose relies on the BcsRQABEFG macrocomplex, encompassing inner-membrane and cytosolic subunits, and an outer membrane porin, BcsC. Here, we use cryogenic electron microscopy to shed light on the molecular mechanisms of BcsA-dependent recruitment and stabilization of a trimeric BcsG pEtN-transferase for polymer modification, and a dimeric BcsF-dependent recruitment of an otherwise cytosolic BcsE2R2Q2 regulatory complex. We further demonstrate that BcsE, a secondary c-di-GMP sensor, can remain dinucleotide-bound and retain the essential-for-secretion BcsRQ partners onto the synthase even in the absence of direct c-di-GMP-synthase complexation, likely lowering the threshold for c-di-GMP-dependent synthase activation. Such activation-by-proxy mechanism could allow Bcs secretion system activity even in the absence of substantial intracellular c-di-GMP increase, and is reminiscent of other widespread synthase-dependent polysaccharide secretion systems where dinucleotide sensing and/or synthase stabilization are carried out by key co-polymerase subunits.
Artificial superconducting Kondo lattice in a van der Waals heterostructure
Authors: Fan Kai , Jin Heng , Huang Bing , Duan Guijing , Yu Rong , Liu Zhen-Yu , Xia Hui-Nan , Liu Li-Si , Zhang Yao , Xie Tao , Tang Qiao-Yin , Chen Gang , Zhang Wen-Hao , Chen F. C. , Luo X. , Lu W. J. , Sun Y. P. , Fu Ying-Shuang 
Published: October 2024

AbstractEngineering Kondo lattice with tailored functionality is desirable for elucidating the heavy fermion physics. We realize the construction of an artificial Kondo lattice/superconductor heterojunction by growing monolayer VSe2 on bulk 2H-NbSe2 with molecular beam epitaxy. Spectroscopic imaging scanning tunneling microscopy measurements show the emergence of a new charge density wave (CDW) phase with $$\sqrt{3}\times$$

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periodicity on the monolayer VSe2. Unexpectedly, a pronounced Kondo resonance appears around the Fermi level, and distributes uniformly over the entire film, evidencing the formation of Kondo lattice. Density functional theory calculations suggest the existence of magnetic interstitial V atoms in VSe2/NbSe2, which play a key role in forming the CDW phase along with the Kondo lattice observed in VSe2. The Kondo origin is verified from both the magnetic field and temperature dependences of the resonance peak, yielding a Kondo temperature of ~ 44 K. Moreover, a superconducting proximity gap opens on monolayer VSe2, whose shape deviates from the function of one-band BCS superconductor, but is reproduced by model calculations with heavy electrons participating the pairing condensate. Our work lays the experimental foundation for studying interactions between the heavy fermion liquids and the superconducting condensate.
Extracellular plant subtilases dampen cold-shock peptide elicitor levels
Authors: Chen Changlong , Buscaill Pierre , Sanguankiattichai Nattapong , Huang Jie , Kaschani Farnusch , Kaiser Markus , van der Hoorn Renier A. L. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRecognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns on the cell surface is crucial for plant immunity. The proteinaceous nature of many of these patterns suggests that secreted proteases play important roles in their formation and stability. Here we demonstrate that the apoplastic subtilase SBT5.2a inactivates the immunogenicity of cold-shock proteins (CSPs) of the bacterial plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae by cleaving within the immunogenic csp22 epitope. Consequently, mutant plants lacking SBT5.2a activity retain higher levels of csp22, leading to enhanced immune responses and reduced pathogen growth. SBT5.2 sensitivity is influenced by sequence variation surrounding the cleavage site and probably extends to CSPs from other bacterial species. These findings suggest that variations in csp22 stability among bacterial pathogens are a crucial factor in plant–bacteria interactions and that pathogens exploit plant proteases to avoid pattern recognition.
Assessing the impacts of fertility and retirement policies on China’s carbon emissions
Authors: Tang Ling , Yang Junai , Zheng Jiali , Sun Xinlu , Cheng Lu , He Kehan , Li Ling , Li Jinkai , Cai Wenjia , Wang Shouyang , Drummond Paul , Mi Zhifu 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe gradual adjustment of fertility and retirement policies in China has social benefits in terms of coping with population aging. However, the environmental consequences of these policies remain ambiguous. Here we compile environmentally extended multiregional input–output tables to estimate household carbon footprints for different population age groups in China. Subsequently, we estimate the age-sex-specific population under different fertility policies up to 2060 and assess the impacts of fertility and retirement policies on household carbon footprints. We find that Chinese young people have relatively higher household carbon footprints than their older counterparts due to differences in income by age group. Relaxing fertility policies and delaying retirement age are associated with an increase in population (and labour supply) and thus increases in household carbon footprints, with the majority of these increases from the fertility side. These results may help policymakers understand interactions among those measures targeting population aging and climate action.
Structural basis of antimicrobial membrane coat assembly by human GBP1
Authors: Kuhm Tanja , Taisne Clémence , de Agrela Pinto Cecilia , Gross Luca , Giannopoulou Evdokia A. , Huber Stefan T. , Pardon Els , Steyaert Jan , Tans Sander J. , Jakobi Arjen J. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs) are interferon-inducible guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases) mediating host defense against intracellular pathogens. Their antimicrobial activity hinges on their ability to self-associate and coat pathogen-associated compartments or cytosolic bacteria. Coat formation depends on GTPase activity but how nucleotide binding and hydrolysis prime coat formation remains unclear. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the full-length human GBP1 dimer in its guanine nucleotide-bound state and describe the molecular ultrastructure of the GBP1 coat on liposomes and bacterial lipopolysaccharide membranes. Conformational changes of the middle and GTPase effector domains expose the isoprenylated C terminus for membrane association. The α-helical middle domains form a parallel, crossover arrangement essential for coat formation and position the extended effector domain for intercalation into the lipopolysaccharide layer of gram-negative membranes. Nucleotide binding and hydrolysis create oligomeric scaffolds with contractile abilities that promote membrane extrusion and fragmentation. Our data offer a structural and mechanistic framework for understanding GBP1 effector functions in intracellular immunity.
A viscoelastic-plastic model for the core of various close-packings of multifilament polyamide-6 yarns
Authors: Razbin Milad , Salehian Mortaza , Gharehaghaji Ali Akbar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDifferent forms of close-packed yarns can be produced by varying the number of monofilaments in the core region, ranging from one to five. Numerous efforts have been made to model or simulate the mechanical response of close-packed yarns; however, previous studies have predominantly focused on one or two monofilaments in the core. In this study, we propose an analytical approach that combines a geometrical model with an artificial neural network (ANN) to predict the tensile behavior of close-packed yarns containing 2 to 5 monofilaments in the core region. The novelty of this hybrid model lies not only in accounting for more than two monofilaments in the core but also in extending the prediction range from elastic to viscoelastic-plastic behavior. Validation of the proposed method showed excellent agreement between experimental and theoretical results. Numerical simulations further confirmed that the results align with theoretical predictions, demonstrating the model’s accuracy in predicting the tensile behavior of close-packed yarns. This modeling approach has the potential to significantly improve the understanding and modeling of textile structures.