bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Varicella-related Primary Health-care Visits, Hospitalizations and Mortality in Norway, 2008–2014
Authors: Mirinaviciute Grazina , Kristensen Erle , Nakstad Britt , Flem Elmira 
Published: June 2017

Background:
Norway does not currently implement universal varicella vaccination in childhood. We aimed to characterize health care burden of varicella in Norway in the prevaccine era.

Methods:
We linked individual patient data from different national registries to examine varicella vaccinations and varicella-coded primary care consultations, hospitalizations, outpatient hospital visits, deaths and viral infections of central nervous system in the whole population of Norway during 2008–2014. We estimated health care contact rates and described the epidemiology of medically attended varicella infection.

Results:
Each year approximately 14,600 varicella-related contacts occurred within primary health care and hospital sector in Norway. The annual contact rate was 221 cases per 100,000 population in primary health care and 7.3 cases per 100,000 in hospital care. Both in primary and hospital care, the highest incidences were observed among children 1 year of age: 2,654 and 78.1 cases per 100,000, respectively. The annual varicella mortality was estimated at 0.06 deaths per 100,000 and in-hospital case-fatality rate at 0.3%. Very few (0.2−0.5%) patients were vaccinated against varicella. Among hospitalized varicella patients, 22% had predisposing conditions, 9% had severe-to-very severe comorbidities and 5.5% were immunocompromised. Varicella-related complications were reported in 29.3% of hospitalized patients. Varicella zoster virus was the third most frequent virus found among 16% of patients with confirmed viral infections of central nervous system.

Conclusions:
Varicella causes a considerable health care burden in Norway, especially among children. To inform the policy decision on the use of varicella vaccination, a health economic assessment of vaccination and mathematical modeling of vaccination impact are needed.
Efficacy of Whole-Body Vibration Board Training on Strength in Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Costantino Cosimo , Bertuletti Silvia , Romiti Davide 
Published: June 2017

Objective:To evaluate whether an 8-week whole-body vibration training program may improve recovery of knee flexion/extension muscular strength in athletes after arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.Design:Randomized controlled trial.Setting:Single outpatient rehabilitation center.Participants:Thirty-eight female volleyball/basketball players (aged between 20 and 30), randomized into 2 treatment groups.Interventions:During a standardized six-month rehabilitation program, from week 13 to week 20 after surgery, the whole-body vibration group (n = 19) and the control group (n = 19) performed additional static knee flexor/extensor exercises on a vibration platform. For the whole-body vibration group, the vibration platform was set to 2.5 mm of amplitude and 26 Hz of frequency. The control group followed the same whole-body vibration board training with no vibrations.Main Outcome Measures:All patients were evaluated using an isokinetic strength test with a Biodex dynamometer at the beginning and at the end of the additional treatment protocol. The parameters tested were the peak torque and the maximum power of knee flexor and extensor muscles performing strength and endurance tests.Results:No vibration-related side effects were observed. Improvements were noticed in both groups, but increase in knee muscle isokinetic strength values was statistically significant in the whole-body vibration group when compared with the control group (differences in extension: peak torque 11.316/10.263 N·m and maximum power 13.684/11.211 W; flexion: peak torque 9.632/11.105 N·m and maximum power 10.158/9.474 W;P< 0.001).Conclusions:When combined with a standardized rehabilitation program, whole-body vibration may increase muscular strength and be an effective additional treatment option in the rehabilitation of athletes after ACL arthroscopic reconstruction.
Endocrine dysfunction following immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy
Authors: Konda Bhavana , Nabhan Fadi , Shah Manisha H. 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) represent an important milestone in the modern era of antineoplastic therapy and have ushered optimism amongst oncologists and patients alike. These agents, however, are associated with significant potential toxicities, the importance of which cannot be overstated. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management strategies of immune-related endocrinopathies associated with ICI use are described in this case-based review.

Recent findings
An increasing number of ICI have shown promise in the management of various malignancies in the recent years. These include cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 inhibitors, programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies, and PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies. Several endocrinopathies, including hypophysitis, thyroid dysfunction, hyperglycemia, and primary adrenal insufficiency, have been associated with the use of these agents. Toxicities may range from mild transient laboratory abnormalities to potentially life-threatening ones, warranting immediate therapeutic intervention. Combination ICI therapies may be associated with a greater risk of endocrine dysfunction when compared with monotherapy. The clinical presentation and laboratory assessment of these patients often pose a diagnostic challenge as they may be confused by the symptoms related to their underlying malignancy or potential associated acute illnesses.

Summary
ICI use is associated with serious endocrinopathies that may have a nonspecific initial presentation. A constant eye for these symptoms and a systematic approach to diagnosis are essential for prompt initiation of therapy and prevention of significant complications.
Interactions of β-amyloid peptide with fibrinogen and coagulation factor XII may contribute to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Ahn Hyung J. , Chen Zu-Lin , Zamolodchikov Daria , Norris Erin H. , Strickland Sidney 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
To review the evidence that the Alzheimer peptide β-amyloid interacts with the blood coagulation system and influences the pathophysiology of the disease.

Recent findings
β-amyloid can interact with fibrinogen and blood coagulation factor XII and trigger ischemia and inflammation.

Summary
β-amyloid interacts with fibrinogen and factor XII. These interactions can lead to increased clotting, abnormal clot formation, persistent fibrin deposition, and generation of proinflammatory molecules. These events can damage neurons and could contribute to the cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease patients.
Long‐term Outcomes of Infliximab Use for Pediatric Crohn Disease
Authors: deBruyn Jennifer C. , Jacobson Kevan , El‐Matary Wael , Carroll Matthew , Wine Eytan , Wrobel Iwona , Van Woudenberg Mariel , Huynh Hien Q. 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTBackground:Data on long‐term real‐world outcomes of infliximab in pediatric Crohn disease are limited.Aim:The aim of the study was to evaluate infliximab optimization and durability in children with Crohn disease.Methods:We performed a retrospective review of children with Crohn disease who started infliximab from January 2008 to December 2012 in 4 Canadian tertiary care centers. A priori factors associated with optimization and discontinuation from loss of response were evaluated using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards model, respectively.Results:One hundred eighty children (54.4% boys) started infliximab; all completed induction. Median age at infliximab start was 14.3 years (Q1, Q3: 12.8, 15.9 years) and median time from diagnosis to infliximab start was 1.5 years (Q1, Q3: 0.6, 3.5 years). At last follow‐up, 87.1% were maintained on infliximab (median duration follow‐up 85.9 weeks [Q1, Q3: 43.8, 138.8 weeks]). Infliximab optimization occurred in 57.3% (dose escalation 15.2%, interval shortening 3.9%, both 38.2%), primarily due to loss of response. Younger age at diagnosis (<10 years old) and nonstricturing, nonpenetrating behavior were associated with optimization (odds ratio 6.5, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.0–21.1 and odds ratio 2.1, 95% CI 1.0–4.2, respectively). The 1‐ and 2‐year durability of infliximab (percentage in follow‐up who were continuing on infliximab) were 95.5% (95% CI 90.4–98.3) and 91.0% (95% CI 82.4–96.3), respectively. Annual discontinuation due to loss of response occurred at 3.2% per year (95% CI 1.1–5.2).Conclusions:Children with Crohn disease maintain a durable response to infliximab. Optimization occurs frequently and allows for continued use. Younger age at diagnosis and nonstricturing, nonpenetrating behavior are associated with increased need for infliximab optimization.
A Morphometric Study of the Newborn Ear and an Analysis of Factors Related to Congenital Auricular Deformities
Authors: Zhao Hui , Ma Limin , Qi Xiangdong , Qin Jianzeng , Yin Baoming , Zhong Mei , He Yanjun , Wang Chenghong 
Published: June 2017

Background:
The incidence of neonatal ear deformities varies widely in the literature, and the incidence of those that correct spontaneously is largely unknown. To address these questions, the authors analyzed the auricles of 1500 newborns from the Pearl River Delta within the first 7 days of life and again at 30 days of age.

Methods:
Using a combination of direct measurement and digital image measurement, the authors measured physiognomic ear length, physiognomic ear breadth, morphologic ear length, vertical distance between head and ear, and auriculocephalic angle of the newborns. The first measurement was within 1 week of birth, whereas the second measurement was performed for the same newborns 1 month after birth.

Results:
Among 1500 newborns, 862 had various forms of auricular deformities. The incidence of neonatal auricular deformity in the Pearl River Delta area was 57.46 percent, and the self-healing rate was 31.55 percent by the 30-day follow-up. Seven factors were found to be statistically significant: mother’s delivery situation, mother’s hepatitis history, abnormal pregnancy, abnormal labor, cephalopelvic disproportion, premature rupture of membranes, and neonatal weight. Birth by cesarean delivery and mother with no abnormal pregnancy or no history of hepatitis were protective factors against the newborn’s auricular deformity.

Conclusions:
Newborns have a high incidence of auricular deformities, and different types of auricular deformities have distinct incidences. Auricular deformities are caused by the interactions of a number of factors. There were large differences in the self-healing rates of different types of auricular deformities.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Risk, II.
Evidence-Based Medicine: Mandible Fractures
Authors: Pickrell Brent B. , Hollier Larry H. 
Published: June 2017

Learning Objectives:
After reading this article, the participant should be able to: 1. Explain the epidemiology of mandible fractures. 2. Discuss preoperative evaluation of the patient with a mandible fracture. 3. Compare the various modalities of fracture fixation. 4. Identify common complications after fracture repair.

Summary:
In this Maintenance of Certification/Continuing Medical Education article, the reader is provided with a review of the epidemiology, preoperative evaluation, perioperative management, and surgical outcomes of mandible fractures. The objective of this series is to present a review of the literature so that the practicing physician can remain up-to-date on key evidence-based guidelines to enhance management and improve outcomes. The physician can also seek further in-depth study of the topic through the references provided.
Palliative care and interstitial lung disease
Authors: Bajwah Sabrina , Yorke Janelle 
Published: June 2017

Purpose of review
The palliative care needs of people with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have recently been highlighted by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. All people with progressive ILD should receive best supportive care to improve symptom control and quality of life and where possible this should be evidence based.

Recent findings
Deaths from ILD are increasing and deaths in hospital are more common compared to home. People with ILD experience a wide range of symptoms including breathlessness and cough. People living with ILD often suffer unmet physical and psychological needs throughout the disease journey. Few appropriately validated outcome measures exist for ILD which has hampered research on the longitudinal experience of symptoms and quality of life and the evaluation of interventions. Recent recommendations from the National Institute of Clinical Excellence promote the use of a new palliative care needs assessment tool. Use of a tool in busy respiratory clinics may help to highlight those requiring specialist input.

Summary
Further research into the role of opioids, oxygen and neuromodulatory agents in symptom management are needed. In addition, exploration of breathlessness and case conference interventions in transitioning patients from the hospital to community settings is a priority. Further work is needed to identify a core set of validated ILD-specific patient-reported outcome measures for the robust evaluation of interventions.
Urinary Incontinence in Pregnant Young Women and Adolescents: An Unrecognized At-Risk Group
Authors: Jean-Michel Marjorie , Kroes Jessica , Marroquin Guillermo A. , Chau Emily Man-Shan , Salafia Carolyn M. , Mikhail Magdy 
Published: June 2017

Objectives
The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI) in pregnant young women and adolescents, characterize UI subtype, and identify characteristics associated with UI.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional study of pregnant females aged 25 years or below, presenting for routine obstetrical care at a New York City community hospital. Subjects were stratified into 2 groups: adolescents (age, ≤19 years) and young adults (age, >19 years). Demographic and obstetric data were collected. The 3 Incontinence Questions questionnaire was used to screen and evaluate UI symptoms.

Results
A total of 98 young females with a mean age of 20.3 ± 2.6 years were enrolled. Most participants were nulliparous (64%). Of parous women, route of previous obstetric delivery was primarily vaginal (83%). Mean gestational age at recruitment was 34.5 ± 7.5 weeks. The prevalence of UI was 52%. Urinary incontinence was associated with the following conditions: strenuous activity, 73%; urinary urgency, 67%; and absence of either, 20%. However, the most predominant UI subtype was with strenuous activity (63%). There was no statistical difference detected in demographic characteristics (such as age, parity, mode of delivery, race, education, and trimester of pregnancy) between continent and incontinent pregnant females (P > 0.18). No differences were appreciated between pregnant adolescents and young adult females with UI (P > 0.18).

Conclusions
Urinary incontinence was present in 52% of pregnant females aged 25 years or below. By age group, approximately 50% of both adolescents and young adults reported UI during pregnancy. Continent and incontinent patients did not seem to differ demographically. Our study highlights the extent of UI in this segment of the population. This data may support the need for services targeting UI prevention and early intervention in this newly identified at-risk group.
Penetrating injuries to the duodenum: An analysis of 879 patients from the National Trauma Data Bank, 2010 to 2014
Authors: Phillips Bradley , Turco Lauren , McDonald Dan , Mause Alison , Walters Ryan W. 
Published: June 2017

BACKGROUND
Despite wide belief that the duodenal Organ Injury Scale has been validated, this has not been reported in the published literature. Based on clinical experience, we hypothesize that the American Association for Surgery of Trauma Organ Injury Scale (AAST-OIS) for duodenal injuries can independently predict mortality. Our objectives were threefold: (1) describe the national profile of penetrating duodenal injuries, (2) identify predictors of morbidity and mortality, and (3) validate the duodenum AAST-OIS as a statistically significant predictor of mortality.

METHODS
Using the Abbreviated Injury Scale 2005 and International Classification of Diseases—9th Rev.—Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) E-codes, we identified 879 penetrating duodenal trauma patients from the National Trauma Data Bank between 2010 and 2014. We controlled patient-level covariates of age, biological sex, systolic blood pressure (SBP), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pulse, Injury Severity Score (ISS), and Organ Injury Scale (OIS) grade. We estimated multivariable generalized linear mixed models to account for the nesting of patients within trauma centers.

RESULTS
Our results indicated an overall mortality rate of 14.4%. Approximately 10% of patients died within 24 hours of admission, of whom 76% died in the first 6 hours. Patients averaged approximately five associated injuries, 45% of which involved the liver and colon. Statistically significant independent predictors of mortality were firearm mechanism, SBP, GCS, pulse, ISS, and AAST-OIS grade. Specifically, odds of death were decreased with 10 mm Hg higher admission SBP (13% decreased odds), one point higher GCS (14.4%), 10-beat lower pulse (8.2%), and 10-point lower ISS (51.0%).

CONCLUSION
This study is the first to report the national profile of penetrating duodenal injuries. Using the National Trauma Data Bank, we identified patterns of injury, predictors of outcome, and validated the AAST-OIS for duodenal injuries as a statistically significant predictor of morbidity and mortality.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Epidemiologic/Prognostic, level IV.
Melanism patches up the defective cuticular morphological traits through promoting the up-regulation of cuticular protein-coding genes in Bombyx mori
Authors: Qiao Liang , Wang Ri-xin , Hao You-jin , Hu Hai , Xiong Gao , He Song-zhen , Song Jiang-bo , Lu Kun-peng , Xin Ya-qun , Mallet James , Chen Bin , Dai Fang-yin 
Published: June 2017

AbstractMelanin and cuticular proteins are important cuticle components in insect. Cuticle defects caused by mutations in cuticular protein-encoding genes can hinder melanin deposition. However, the effects of melanin variation on cuticular protein-encoding genes and the corresponding morphological traits associated with these genes are remain largely unknown. Using Bombyx mori as a model, we showed that the melanism levels during larval cuticle pigmentation correlated positively with the expression of cuticular protein-encoding genes. This correlation stemmed from the simultaneous induction of these genes by the melanin precursors. More importantly, the effect of the melanism background on the cuticles induced the up-regulation of other functionally redundant cuticular protein-encoding genes to rescue the morphological and adaptive defects caused by the dysfunction of some mutated cuticular proteins, and the restorative ability increased with increasing melanism levels, which gives a novel evidence that melanism enhances insect adaptability. These findings deepen our understanding of the interactions among cuticle components, as well as their importance in the stabilizing of the normal morphology and function of the cuticle.
CD55 regulates self-renewal and cisplatin resistance in endometrioid tumors
Authors: Saygin Caner , Wiechert Andrew , Rao Vinay S. , Alluri Ravi , Connor Elizabeth , Thiagarajan Praveena S. , Hale James S. , Li Yan , Chumakova Anastasia , Jarrar Awad , Parker Yvonne , Lindner Daniel J , Nagaraj Anil Belur , Kim J Julie , DiFeo Analisa , Abdul-Karim Fadi W. , Michener Chad , Rose Peter G. , DeBernardo Robert , Mahdi Haider , McCrae Keith R. , Lin Feng , Lathia Justin D. , Reizes Ofer 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTEffective targeting of cancer stem cells (CSCs) requires neutralization of self-renewal and chemoresistance, however these phenotypes are often regulated by distinct molecular mechanisms. Here we report the ability to target both of these phenotypes via CD55, an intrinsic cell surface complement inhibitor, which was identified in a comparative analysis between CSCs and non-CSCs in endometrioid cancer models. In this context, CD55 functions in a complement-independent manner and required lipid raft localization for CSC maintenance and cisplatin resistance. CD55 regulated self-renewal and core pluripotency genes via ROR2/JNK signaling and in parallel cisplatin resistance via LCK signaling, which induced DNA repair genes. Targeting LCK signaling via saracatinib, an inhibitor currently undergoing clinical evaluation, sensitized chemoresistant cells to cisplatin. Collectively, our findings identify CD55 as a unique signaling node that drives self-renewal and therapeutic resistance via a bifurcating signaling axis and provide an opportunity to target both signaling pathways in endometrioid tumors.SUMMARYCD55 is a membrane complement regulatory protein that attenuates complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Saygin et al. elucidate a new role for CD55 as a signaling hub for cancer stem cell self-renewal and cisplatin resistance pathways in endometrioid tumors and open a new line of research into chemotherapeutic-refractory cancers.AbbreviationsGPIglycophosphatidylinositolLIMELCK interacting transmembrane adaptorPAGprotein associated with glycosphingolipid-enriched microdomainsCSCcancer stem cellDAFdecay accelerating proteinLCKEndometrioid Tumor, ETCSCcancer stem cellmCRPmembrane-bound complement regulatory proteinROR2receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor 2LCKlymphocyte-specific protein tyrosine kinaseJNKc-Jun N-terminal kinase
A comprehensive portrait of cilia and ciliopathies from a CRISPR-based screen for Hedgehog signaling
Authors: Breslow David K. , Hoogendoorn Sascha , Kopp Adam R. , Morgens David W. , Vu Brandon K. , Han Kyuho , Li Amy , Hess Gaelen T. , Bassik Michael C. , Chen James K. , Nachury Maxence V. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe primary cilium organizes Hedgehog signaling, shapes embryonic development and is the unifying cause of the ciliopathies. We conducted a functional genomic screen for Hedgehog signaling by engineering antibiotic-based selection of Hedgehog-responsive cells and applying genome-wide CRISPR-mediated gene disruption. The screen robustly identifies factors required for ciliary signaling with few false positives or false negatives. Characterization of hit genes uncovers novel components of several ciliary structures including a protein complex containing ε- and δ- tubulin that is required for centriole maintenance. The screen also provides an unbiased tool for classifying ciliopathies and reveals that many forms of congenital heart defects are ciliopathies. Collectively, this screen enables a systematic analysis of ciliary function and of ciliopathies and also defines a versatile platform for dissecting signaling pathways through CRISPR-based screening.