bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burning Characteristics of Microcellular Combustible Ordnance Materials
Authors: Yang Weitao , Ying Sanjiu 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA microcellular combustible ordnance material composed of 70 % RDX (cyclotrimethylene trinitramine) and 30 % PMMA (poly methyl methacrylate) was fabricated using the solvent method and foamed by supercritical CO2 as foaming agent. This material has a number of advantages and many find potential application in weaponry. In this paper, vented bomb tests were conducted on the porous materials to gain a qualitative understanding of how the material is burning in a gun environment. The extinguish process showed that the microcellular combustible material followed the in‐depth combustion mode, i.e. the combustion products infiltrated through inner pores as well as ignited the inner pore surface. With increasing burning degree, the depth and perforation size of infiltration zone increased. Closed bomb tests were also conducted to investigate the influences of test conditions on the burning behaviors. The results showed that when the ignition pressure was increased from 10.98 MPa to 15.0 MPa, the burning time was shortened, but the mass burning rate and vivacity did not change obviously. Mass burn rates at different loading densities indicated that while the pressure in closed vessel is high enough (p≥40 MPa), hot combustion gases were driven into the inner pores and convectively ignited the inner pores. The closed bomb results conducted at high and low temperature showed no abnormal burning behavior at low and high temperature can be observed.
Clusters of isoleucine, leucine, and valine side chains define cores of stability in high‐energy states of globular proteins: Sequence determinants of structure and stability
Authors: Kathuria Sagar V. , Chan Yvonne H. , Nobrega R. Paul , Özen Ayşegül , Matthews C. Robert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMeasurements of protection against exchange of main chain amide hydrogens (NH) with solvent hydrogens in globular proteins have provided remarkable insights into the structures of rare high‐energy states that populate their folding free‐energy surfaces. Lacking, however, has been a unifying theory that rationalizes these high‐energy states in terms of the structures and sequences of their resident proteins. The Branched Aliphatic Side Chain (BASiC) hypothesis has been developed to explain the observed patterns of protection in a pair of TIM barrel proteins. This hypothesis supposes that the side chains of isoleucine, leucine, and valine (ILV) residues often form large hydrophobic clusters that very effectively impede the penetration of water to their underlying hydrogen bond networks and, thereby, enhance the protection against solvent exchange. The linkage between the secondary and tertiary structures enables these ILV clusters to serve as cores of stability in high‐energy partially folded states. Statistically significant correlations between the locations of large ILV clusters in native conformations and strong protection against exchange for a variety of motifs reported in the literature support the generality of the BASiC hypothesis. The results also illustrate the necessity to elaborate this simple hypothesis to account for the roles of adjacent hydrocarbon moieties in defining stability cores of partially folded states along folding reaction coordinates.
Water and ion permeability of a claudin model: A computational study
Authors: Laghaei Rozita , Yu Alan S. L. , Coalson Rob D. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTAt present, the three‐dimensional structure of the multimeric paracellular claudin pore is unknown. Using extant biophysical data concerning the size of the pore and permeation of water and cations through it, two three‐dimensional models of the pore are constructed in silico. Molecular Dynamics (MD) calculations are then performed to compute water and sodium ion permeation fluxes under the influence of applied hydrostatic pressure. Comparison to experiment is made, under the assumption that the hydrostatic pressure applied in the simulations is equivalent to osmotic pressure induced in experimental measurements of water/ion permeability. One model, in which pore‐lining charged is distributed evenly over a selectivity filter section 10–16 Å in length, is found to be generally consistent with experimental data concerning the dependence of water and ion permeation on channel pore diameter, pore length, and the sign and magnitude of pore lining charge. The molecular coupling mechanism between water and ion flow under conditions where hydrostatic pressure is applied is computationally elucidated. Proteins 2016; 84:305–315. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hepatic hydrothorax without ascites as the first sign of liver cirrhosis
Authors: Kim Jung Soo , Kim Cheol‐Woo , Nam Hae‐Seong , Cho Jae Hwa , Ryu Jeong‐Seon , Lee Hong Lyeol 
Published: December 2015

AbstractA 60‐year‐old woman without a history of liver diseases, but with a history of regular alcohol consumption, presented with a right‐sided transudative pleural effusion. Neither parenchymal lung lesion nor pleural thickening was seen on a chest computed tomography. On abdominal ultrasonography, the liver size and contour were normal, and ascites was not noted. Despite performing imaging and laboratory studies, we could not find a cause of the pleural effusion. Thus, due to her history of regular alcohol consumption, we decided to measure liver stiffness using a transient elastography (Fibroscan®, EchosensTM, Paris, France), which showed a value of 35.3 kPa suggestive of liver cirrhosis. An intraperitoneal injection of a radioisotope demonstrated the transdiaphragmatic flow of fluid from peritoneal cavity to pleural cavity. The diagnosis was confirmed as hepatic hydrothorax. Management consisting of restricted salt and water intake with diuretics resulted in resolution of the hepatic hydrothorax.
Robotic digestive tract reconstruction after total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: a simple way to do it
Authors: Barchi Leandro Cardoso , Jacob Carlos Eduardo , Franciss Maurice Youssef , Kappaz Guilherme Tommasi , Rodrigues Filho Edison Dias , Zilberstein Bruno 
Published: December 2015

AbstractBackgroundIntracorporeal digestive tract reconstruction after minimally invasive total gastrectomy may be challenging, even when using the da Vinci® Surgical System. This may be due to intrinsic difficulties during oesophago–jejunal anastomosis (EJA). The aim of this study was to describe a simple way to perform digestive tract reconstruction after robotic total gastrectomy (RTG) for gastric cancer and the results of its application in a small series of cases.MethodsIn the last 2 years, six patients with gastric adenocarcinoma have been treated by RTG, four male and two female, with mean age of 59.8 (range 48–74) years. The tumour was located in the gastric body in three patients, the gastric antrum in two patients and the fundus in one patient with no need of splenectomy. In all cases, D2 lymphadenectomy was completed. A modified robotic reconstruction technique proposed by the authors was used in these operations, which consists in a latero–lateral EJA using a linear stapler. An entero–enterostomy is also performed in the upper abdomen.ResultsThe mean operative time was 408 (range 340–481) min. The mean time for digestive tract reconstruction was 57 (range 47–68) min. There were no conversions to open or laparoscopic surgery. The number of lymph nodes removed varied in the range 28–52 (average 40). There was no mortality. Postoperative staging showed three T1N0M0s, one T2N0M0, one T3N0M0 and one T3N2M0.ConclusionThis series, which despite being small, demonstrates that this robotic reconstruction technique is safe, with no major complications, demands a relatively short time for its accomplishment, even when dealing with initial experience. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Empirical analysis of the relationship between CC and SLOC in a large corpus of Java methods and C functions
Authors: Landman Davy , Serebrenik Alexander , Bouwers Eric , Vinju Jurgen J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractMeasuring the internal quality of source code is one of the traditional goals of making software development into an engineering discipline. Cyclomatic complexity (CC) is an often used source code quality metric, next to source lines of code (SLOC). However, the use of the CC metric is challenged by the repeated claim that CC is redundant with respect to SLOC because of strong linear correlation.We conducted an extensive literature study of the CC/SLOC correlation results. Next, we tested correlation on large Java (17.6 M methods) and C (6.3 M functions) corpora. Our results show that linear correlation between SLOC and CC is only moderate as a result of increasingly high variance. We further observe that aggregating CC and SLOC as well as performing a power transform improves the correlation.Our conclusion is that the observed linear correlation between CC and SLOC of Java methods or C functions is not strong enough to conclude that CC is redundant with SLOC. This conclusion contradicts earlier claims from literature but concurs with the widely accepted practice of measuring of CC next to SLOC. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Authenticity Assessment of Extra Virgin Olive Oil: Evaluation of Desmethylsterols and Triterpene Dialcohols
Authors: Srigley Cynthia T. , Oles Carolyn J. , Kia Ali Reza Fardin , Mossoba Magdi M. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractExtra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has a long history of economic adulteration, the detection of which presents significant challenges due to the diverse composition of cultivars grown around the world and the limitations of existing methods for detecting adulteration. In this study, using Method COI/T.20/Doc. No. 30/Rev. 1 of the International Olive Council, the authenticity of 88 market samples of EVOO was evaluated by comparing total sterol contents, desmethylsterol composition, and contents of triterpene dialcohols (erythrodiol and uvaol) with purity criteria specified in the United States Standards for grades of olive oil and olive‐pomace oil. Three of the 88 samples labeled as EVOO failed to meet purity criteria, indicating possible adulteration with commodity oil and/or solvent‐extracted olive oil. Detection of adulteration was also evaluated by spiking an EVOO sample with commodity oil at the 10 % level. As expected, eight of the spiked samples (canola, corn, hazelnut, peanut, safflower, soybean, and sunflower oils, and palm olein) failed to meet purity criteria. Two of the three samples spiked with 10 % hazelnut oil went undetected for adulteration. Overall, a low occurrence rate of adulteration (<5 %), based on purity criteria for desmethylsterols and triterpene dialcohols, was detected for the 88 products labeled as EVOO.
Bilayered, non-cross-linked collagen matrix for regeneration of facial defects after skin cancer removal: a new perspective for biomaterial-based tissue reconstruction
Authors: Ghanaati Shahram , Kovács Adorján , Barbeck Mike , Lorenz Jonas , Teiler Anna , Sadeghi Nader , Kirkpatrick Charles James , Sader Robert 
Published: December 2015

AbstractClassically skin defects are covered by split thickness skin grafts or by means of local or regional skin flaps. In the presented case series for the first time a bilayered, non-crossed-linked collagen matrix has been used in an off-label fashion in order to reconstruct facial skin defects following different types of skin cancer resection. The material is of porcine origin and consists of a spongy and a compact layer. The ratio of the two layers is 1:3 in favour of the spongy layer. The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of this matrix for skin regeneration as an alternative to the standard techniques of skin grafts or flaps. Six patients between 39 and 83 years old were included in the study based on a therapeutic trial. The collagen matrix was used in seven defects involving the nose, eyelid, forehead- and posterior scalp regions, and ranging from 1,2 to 6 cm in diameter. Two different head and neck surgeons at two different institutions performed the operations. Each used a different technique in covering the wound following surgery, i.e. with and without a latex-based sheet under the pressure dressing. In three cases cylindrical biopsies were taken after 14 days. In all cases the biomaterial application was performed without any complication and no adverse effects were observed. Clinically, the collagen matrix contributed to a tension-free skin regeneration, independent of the wound dressing used. The newly regenerated skin showed strong similarity to the adjacent normal tissue both in quality and colour. Histological analysis indicated that the spongy layer replaced the defective connective tissue, by providing stepwise integration into the surrounding implantation bed, while the compact layer was infiltrated by mononuclear cells and contributed to its epithelialization by means of a „conductive“process from the surrounding epithelial cells. The clinical and histological data demonstrate that the collagen bilayered matrix used in this series contributes to a „Guided-Integrative-Regeneration-Process“, which still needs to be further understood. The biomimetic nature of this material seems to contribute to physiological matrix remodelling, which probably involves other matricellular proteins essential for soft tissue regeneration. A deeper understanding of the mechanism, involved in the tissue integration of this material and its contribution to soft tissue regeneration based on the direct and indirect effect of matricellular proteins could open new therapeutic avenues for biomaterial-based soft tissue regeneration as an alternative to traditional flap-based plastic surgery.
Fertility Responses of High-Skilled Native Women to Immigrant Inflows
Authors: Furtado Delia 
Published: December 2015

Abstract
Despite debate regarding the magnitude of the impact, immigrant inflows are generally understood to depress wages and increase employment in immigrant-intensive sectors. In light of the overrepresentation of the foreign-born in the childcare industry, this article examines whether college-educated native women respond to immigrant-induced lower cost and potentially more convenient childcare options with increased fertility. An analysis of U.S. Census data between 1980 and 2000 suggests that immigrant inflows are indeed associated with native women’s increased likelihoods of having a baby, and responses are strongest among women who are most likely to consider childcare costs when making fertility decisions—namely, married women and women with a graduate degree. Given that native women also respond to immigrant inflows by working long hours, this article concludes with an analysis of the types of women who have stronger fertility responses versus labor supply responses to immigration.
The Midline Sagittal View of Fetal Brain: Moving from 3D to 2D
Authors: Kaur Ladbans , Singh Divya , Kaur Meetan Preet 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of a simplified approach by using two dimensional (2D) technique for evaluation of the midline structures of the fetal brain and comparing it with the three dimensional (3D) technique. The study was performed in 60 fetuses with normal intracranial anatomy and 10 fetuses with anomalies involving the midline cerebral structures from 19 to 28 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound examinations were performed on Voluson E8 BT10. 2D median planes were obtained by aligning the transducer through the anterior and posterior fontanelle and the sutures by either transabdominal sonogram or transvaginal sonogram (TVS) approach. Median planes were also obtained by 3D. Visualization of the relevant anatomic details, corpus callosum and cerebellar vermis in particular, was noted by both 2D and 3D images. 2D and 3D median planes were compared qualitatively. 3D midline sagittal planes could be visualized in 48/50 normal fetuses. 2D median planes were obtained in all, usually more easily and rapidly. TVS was also used in fetuses with breech presentation. There was a good correlation between 2D and 3D images. The abnormal group included 10 fetuses. In all cases, the diagnosis could be made by both 2D and 3D views but 3D added clinically useful information especially in two fetuses with posterior fossa lesions. The 2D median views yielded excellent display of anatomy as well as the abnormalities. With high resolution probes, 2D median planes are good enough which can substitute 3D median plane views, especially in developing countries where there is less availability of 3D equipment and expertise of the 3D technique.
Longitudinal relations between parental media monitoring and adolescent aggression, prosocial behavior, and externalizing problems
Authors: Padilla‐Walker Laura M. , Coyne Sarah M. , Collier Kevin M. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe current study examined longitudinal relations between parental media monitoring and adolescent behavior, and explored indirect effects via sympathy and self‐regulation. A sample of adolescents and their mothers from Northwestern and Mountain West cities in the USA participated in a study at three time points, approximately one year apart (N = 681;Mage of child at Time 3 = 13.33,SD = 1.06; 51% female; 73% European American, 9% African American, 17% Multi‐ethnic). Though findings varied by reporter, results suggested that restrictive and active media monitoring were indirectly associated with adolescents' prosocial behavior, aggression, and externalizing behavior, with restrictive monitoring being somewhat maladaptive and active monitoring adaptive. The discussion focuses on the need to examine multiple aspects of media monitoring, and highlights implications of findings for parents.
Macrostructure components in narrations of Turkish–German bilingual children
Authors: MAVIŞ İLKNUR , TUNÇER MÜGE , GAGARINA NATALIA 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTTwo studies examined the effects of age, gender, and task on Turkish narrative skills of Turkish–German bilingual children. In Study 1, 36 children (2 years, 11 months [2;11]–7;11) told stories in two conditions (“tell-after model” and “tell-no model”) and answered comprehension questions. In Study 2, 13 children (5;5–7;11) participated in two conditions (“tell-no model” and “retell”) and were compared to Study 1 participants’ on tell tasks. The studies showed significant age effects on story complexity and comprehension, but not story structure and internal state terms. There were no significant effects for gender. Comprehension was significantly better in the “tell-after model” than in the “tell-no model” condition (Study 1). For production (storytelling), a trend favoring retell over tell was found (Study 2).
Macrostructure in the narratives of monolingual Finnish and bilingual Finnish–Swedish children
Authors: KUNNARI SARI , VÄLIMAA TAINA , LAUKKANEN-NEVALA PÄIVI 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe narrative macrostructure of 16 Finnish–Swedish bilingual children (M age = 5 years, 8 months) was assessed in both of their languages. In the case of the Finnish language, the macrostructure was compared with that of 16 monolingual same-age peers. The narratives were analyzed for story structure, structural complexity, and internal state terms in two conditions (telling and retelling). There were no differences in macrostructure between the two languages of bilingual children, or between the monolingual and bilingual children. However, the results revealed differences between elicitation tasks. The story structure score for bilingual children was lower in a telling task than in a retelling task in Finnish. Further, the retelling task elicited higher structural complexity and more internal state terms, regardless of the language.
A generalisation of the Abhyankar Jung theorem to associated graded rings of valuations
Authors: CUTKOSKY STEVEN DALE 
Published: December 2015

AbstractSuppose thatR→Sis an extension of local domains andν* is a valuation dominatingS. We consider the natural extension of associated graded rings along the valuation grν*(R) → grν*(S). We give examples showing that in general, this extension does not share good properties of the extensionR→S, but after enough blow ups above the valuations, good properties of the extensionR→Sare reflected in the extension of associated graded rings. Stable properties of this extension (after blowing up) are much better in characteristic zero than in positive characteristic. Our main result is a generalisation of the Abhyankar–Jung theorem which holds for extensions of associated graded rings along the valuation, after enough blowing up.
Longitudinal phenotypes for alcoholism: Heterogeneity of course, early identifiers, and life course correlates
Authors: Jester Jennifer M. , Buu Anne , Zucker Robert A. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractAlcoholism is a heterogeneous disorder; however, characterization of life-course variations in symptomatology is almost nonexistent, and developmentally early predictors of variations are very poorly characterized. In this study, the course of alcoholic symptomatology over 32 years is differentiated, and predictors and covariates of trajectory class membership are identified. A community sample of alcoholic and neighborhood matched control families, 332 men and 336 women, was recruited based on alcoholism in the men. Symptoms were assessed retrospectively at baseline (mean age = 32) back to age 15 and prospectively from baseline every 3 years for 15 years. Trajectory classes were established using growth mixture modeling. Men and women had very similarly shaped trajectory classes: developmentally limited (men: 29%, women: 42%), developmentally cumulative (men: 26%, women: 38%), young adult onset (men: 31%, women: 21%), and early onset severe (men: 13%). Three factors at age 15 predicted class membership: family history of alcoholism, age 15 symptoms, and level of childhood antisocial behavior. Numerous measures of drinking and other psychopathology were also associated with class membership. The findings suggest that clinical assessments can be crafted where the profile of current and historical information can predict not only severity of prognosis but also future moderation of symptoms and/or remission over intervals as long as decades.
SCIENTISM AND ROMAN CATHOLIC THEOLOGY: TOWARDS EXORCISING THE ZEITGEIST OF INSTITUTIONALIZED TRUTH?
Authors: Dunne Gerry 
Published: December 2015

In a fable by Lincoln Steffens, he recounts the fate of a man, who, climbing to the top of a mountain, seizes hold of the Truth. Satan, suspecting mischief from this upstart, duly directs his underlings to tail him. When the demon reports with alarm the man's success – that he had indeed seized hold of the Truth – Satan remains unperturbed. ‘Don't worry’, he yawned. ‘I’ll tempt him to institutionalize it.’1The purpose of this paper is to offer an exploratory critique of the concept of institutionalized truth, as it is postulated within the epistemic traditions of scientism and Roman Catholic theology. Drawing on examples from each of these paradigms, namely, the conclusions of scientism, and the doctrine of papal infallibility, this disquisition argues that immutable truths, as championed by both camps, are in fact, questionable constructs, open to interpretation and criticism.