bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical impedance and electrical resistance sensors for the evaluation of anticorrosive coating degradation
Authors: Zajec Bojan , Bajt Leban Mirjam , Lenart Stanislav , Gavin Kenneth , Legat Andraž 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAnticorrosive coatings are commonly used to protect metal structures from corrosion and thus assure constancy of the metal profile area, and consequently the mechanical stability of the metal structure. Due to environmental factors, corrosion of metal structures is inevitable and is considered during the design process; however, it is very difficult to predict the corrosion rate a priori, and the designer usually relies on empirical data to make an assessment. In an attempt to address this issue, various types of sensors that monitor the state of metallic coatings have been developed. In this study, the abilities of two systems, one based on electrochemical impedance and one using electrical resistance, developed by the authors to allow remote real-time monitoring of bridges are described. A laboratory study is presented in which three different sensor coating configurations were evaluated in three simulated environments: a salt spray chamber, a humid chamber, and an industrial chamber. The corrosion rates were monitored over a 9-month study period. Periodic measurements were made of the sensor output signals, and visual inspections (close-up photographs) were made to compare the visual and monitored response of the sensors. The sensitivity of the sensors is described, and the advantages and disadvantages concerning their deployment for field operations are discussed.
Priority Selection Within National Innovation Strategy in Global Context
Authors: Prokopenko Olha , Omelyanenko Vitaliy 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The article deals with global experience in analysing the priorities based on their importance for country development and on national and international criteria using algorithm for the selection process. The main aspects of the process of development and implementation of international technology strategies were considered. The authors prove that through the analysis of innovation systems at macro level decision about the priorities in optimization with the aim to improve regulations in science, technology and innovation is provided. The main techniques and decisions were considered based on foresight-studies. Authors propose to create informative and analytical system for the foresight aims.
Well-posedness and a general decay for a nonlinear damped porous thermoelastic system with second sound
Authors: Al-Gharabli Mohammad M. , Messaoudi Salim A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we consider a one-dimensional porous thermoelastic system with second sound and nonlinear feedback. We show the well-posedness, using the semigroup theory, and establish an explicit and general decay rate result, using some properties of convex functions and the multiplier method. Our result is obtained without imposing any restrictive growth assumption on the damping term.
Injectivity and weak*-to-weak continuity suffice for convergence rates in ℓ1-regularization
Authors: Flemming Jens , Gerth Daniel 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
We show that the convergence rate of

ℓ
1

{\ell^{1}}

-regularization for linear ill-posed equations is always

𝒪
⁢

(
δ
)

{{\mathcal{O}}(\delta)}

if the exact solution is sparse and if the considered operator is injective and weak*-to-weak continuous.
Under the same assumptions convergence rates in case of non-sparse solutions are proven.
The results base on the fact that certain source-type conditions used in the literature for proving convergence rates are automatically satisfied.
Task Reallocating for Responding to Design Change in Complex Product Design
Authors: Wei Meng , Yang Yu , Su Jiafu , Li Qiucheng , Liang Zhichao 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In the real-world complex product design (CPD) process, task allocating is an ongoing reactive process where the presence of unexpected design change is usually inevitable. Therefore, reallocating is necessary to respond to design change positively as a procedure to repair the affected task plan. General reallocating literature addressed the reallocating versions with fixed executing time. In this paper, a multi-objective reallocation model is developed with a feasible assumption that the task executing time is controllable. To illustrate this idea, a compressing executing time strategy (CETS) is proposed in CPD process, where the executing time can be controlled with a non-linear compression cost. When design change occurs during the executing, task-resource reallocating is required to absorb the interference effects. Reallocating implies an increase in design cost and system instability; the proposed method CETS can address this issue effectively. CETS considers three objectives: completing time, stability, and change-adaptation cost. An adaptive multi-objective hybrid genetic algorithm and tabu search (AMOGATS) is developed to solve this mathematical method. The computational results of specific simulation examples verify the superiority. It shows that CETS is sensitive to design change, and the proposed algorithm AMOGATS can be effective to achieve the allocating by coordinating the objective consistency.
Do They Still Matter? – Impact of Fossil Fuels on Electricity Prices in the Light of Increased Renewable Generation
Authors: Lips Johannes 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDuring the last years, the German energy sector and especially its electricity market was affected by a major energy transition, the so called „Energiewende“. This transition led to an increase of electricity production from renewable sources and thereby affected the whole electricity market. Therefore, it provides lessons for countries, which are only beginning a similar transition away from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. The aim of this analysis is to assess if there still exists a relationship between fossil fuel and electricity prices. Due to possible structural breaks in the time series a minimum Lagrange Multiplier (LM) stationarity test is applied, which endogenously determines possible structural breaks. Subsequently a bootstrap approach is used to estimate confidence intervals (C.I.s) for the test statistic and the possible break dates. Furthermore, the stability of the cointegration vector is assessed with the test by Hansen and Johansen (
Convolutional over Recurrent Encoder for Neural Machine Translation
Authors: Dakwale Praveen , Monz Christof 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNeural machine translation is a recently proposed approach which has shown competitive results to traditional MT approaches. Standard neural MT is an end-to-end neural network where the source sentence is encoded by a recurrent neural network (RNN) called encoder and the target words are predicted using another RNN known as decoder. Recently, various models have been proposed which replace the RNN encoder with a convolutional neural network (CNN). In this paper, we propose to augment the standard RNN encoder in NMT with additional convolutional layers in order to capture wider context in the encoder output. Experiments on English to German translation demonstrate that our approach can achieve significant improvements over a standard RNN-based baseline.
Comparative Human and Automatic Evaluation of Glass-Box and Black-Box Approaches to Interactive Translation Prediction
Authors: Torregrosa Daniel , Pérez-Ortiz Juan Antonio , Forcada Mikel L. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractInteractive translation prediction (ITP) is a modality of computer-aided translation that assists professional translators by offering context-based computer-generated continuation suggestions as they type. While most state-of-the-art ITP systems follow a glass-box approach, meaning that they are tightly coupled to an adapted machine translation system, a black-box approach which does not need access to the inner workings of the bilingual resources used to generate the suggestions has been recently proposed in the literature: this new approach allows new sources of bilingual information to be included almost seamlessly. In this paper, we compare for the first time the glass-box and the black-box approaches by means of an automatic evaluation of translation tasks between related languages such as English–Spanish and unrelated ones such as Arabic–English and English–Chinese, showing that, with our setup, 20%–50% of keystrokes could be saved using either method and that the black-box approach outperformed the glass-box one in five out of six scenarios operating under similar conditions. We also performed a preliminary human evaluation of English to Spanish translation for both approaches. On average, the evaluators saved 10% keystrokes and were 4% faster with the black-box approach, and saved 15% keystrokes and were 12% slower with the glass-box one; but they could have saved 51% and 69% keystrokes respectively if they had used all the compatible suggestions. Users felt the suggestions helped them to translate faster and easier. All the tools used to perform the evaluation are available as free/open–source software.
Comparative Chemical Characterisation of Soils at Cypripedium Calceolus Sites in Latvia
Authors: Kļaviņa Dace , Osvalde Anita 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The main aim of the study was to evaluate the soil chemical characteristics of Cypripedium calceolus sites in Latvia for understanding of the species ecology, and its conservation problems and possibilities. Soil for 27 C. calceolus sites in Latvia was analysed during 2007-2015. The concentration of plant available essential nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mo, B), soil pH, electrical conductivity and concentration of organic matter were determined. Nutrient concentration of C. calceolus leaf samples from six sites were determined. The results demonstrated high heterogeneity in soil chemical composition with high variation for Ca, Mg, and Mn. The results suggest some relationship between soil organic matter content and size of the orchid population. Soil pH and Ca concentration did not affect the size and vitality of C. calceolus populations in Latvia. There was no significant correlation between nutrient concentration in soil and C. calceolus leaves suggesting strong impact of other soil-related factors in determining the availability of nutrients. In general, the levels of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Zn concentrations in C. calceolus leaves were adequate or slightly decreased for successful orchid growth. The study showed deficiency of S, Cu, and B in the vast majority of leaf samples. C. calceolus sites in Latvia occur mainly on organic soils or mineral soils with high content of organic matter. There was a weak positive correlation (r = 0.21) observed only between total number of ramets of C. calceolus in site and Ca concentration in the soil, suggesting that soil properties are not a main factor affecting species abundance in the site.
Short note: Genetic diversity and differentiation in Ural populations of the aspen, Populus tremula L., as revealed by inter-simply sequence repeat (ISSR) markers
Authors: Svetlakova T. N. , Boronnikova S.V. , Yanbaev Yu. A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Genetic diversity and differentiation of six Populus tremula L. populations in the Ural mountains (Russia) were investigated using ISSR-markers. Analyses revealed relatively high genetic diversity and significant (p = 0.985) genetic isolation by distance of foothill and plain cis-Ural populations in the zone of forests with mixed coniferous and broad-leaved tree species. The genetic drift may be a factor that lead to comparatively low genetic variability and genetic singularities of isolated small populations of the aspen in dark coniferous taiga of the Ural mountains.
Investigating the Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, and genotypic disequilibrium for ten microsatellite loci of Araucaria angustifolia
Authors: Medina-Macedo L. , Lacerda Andre Eduardo Biscaia , Ribeiro J. Zanetti , Bittencourt J. V. M. , Sebbenn A. M. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Araucaria angustifolia is a dioecious and wind pollinated conifer that typically occurs in higher attitudes of Southern Brazil. After a significant reduction of its population during the twentieth century, public policies have enabled natural populations to recover. As new studies focus on the genetics of the species it is important to investigate Mendelian inheritance, genetic linkage, and genotypic disequilibrium for the microsatellite loci developed for the species. Here we analyze ten microsatellite loci developed for A. angustifolia by genotyping 295 adult trees and 13 open pollinated progenies from a forest fragment in Santa Catarina, Brazil. The likelihood G-test shows a perfect 1:1 Mendelian segregation for all ten loci, indicating that these molecular markers are genetic markers. Significant genetic linkage between pairwise loci was detected in only 3% of the tests, suggesting that these loci are not located in the same linkage groups within the chromosomes. However, genotypic disequilibrium was detected in 51% of pairwise loci for adult trees, probably due to the strong spatial genetic structure of the population. Our results indicate that the ten loci analyzed can be used in studies on genetic diversity and structure, mating system, and gene flow of the species.
Morphological characterization and in vitro germination of heat-treated pollen in Eucommia ulmoides
Authors: Song S. , Tian J. , Li Y. , Shang F. , Kang X. , Wang J. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractPolyploid breeding has the potential to increase the economic secondary metabolites of Eucommia ulmoides. However, pollination with induced ploidy-mixed pollen has failed to produce polyploids (GAO, 2006). In this investigation, the morphological characterization and in vitro germination of heat-induced ploidy-mixed pollen of E. ulmoides were analysed to determine why there is no polyploid production. Heat-treated pollen grains were easily distinguished as large and small according to their length. The large pollen grains were significantly longer than both untreated and heat-treated small samples, suggesting that they were probably 2n pollen. Rather than the three germinal pores in small pollen, the large grains typically had four pores and, in some cases, shallow furrows, which might affect their germination. Although the maximal germination rates of the treated small and large pollen were not significantly different, the large pollen germinated tardily during the early stages of incubation. The small pollen maintained its growth during the incubation, but the tube growth of large pollen almost stopped after 24 h incubation. Both vegetative and generative nuclei in the large pollen moved into tubes later than in small pollen and the frequency of mitosis in generative nuclei of large pollen was low. Therefore, the tardy germination, poor tube growth, and weak activity of both vegetative and generative nuclei probably caused the poor competition of large pollen in certation. Finally, techniques to increase the competition of highploidy pollen and the prospect of 2n female gamete induction in the polyploid breeding program of E. ulmoides are discussed.
Differences in the Movement Skills and Physical Qualities of Elite Senior and Academy Rugby League Players
Authors: Ireton Matthew R.E. , Till Kevin , Weaving Dan , Jones Ben 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Ireton, MRE, Till, K, Weaving, D, and Jones, B. Differences in the movement skills and physical qualities of elite senior and academy rugby league players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1328–1338, 2019—The aim of this study was to investigate (a) the differences in the movement skills and physical qualities between academy and senior rugby league players and (b) the relationships between movement skills and physical qualities. Fifty-five male rugby league players (Senior, n = 18; Under 19 n = 23; Under 16, n = 14) undertook a physical testing battery, including anthropometric (stature and body mass), strength (isometric midthigh pull; IMTP), and power (countermovement jump; CMJ) qualities, alongside the athletic ability assessment (AAA; comprised of overhead squat, double lunge, single-leg Romanian deadlift, press-up, and pull-up exercises). Univariate analysis of variance demonstrated significant (p < 0.001) differences in body mass, IMTP peak force, CMJ mean power, and AAA movement skills between groups. The greatest observed differences for total movement skills, peak force, and mean power were identified between Under 16 and 19 academy age groups. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients demonstrated a significant moderate (r = 0.31) relationship between peak force and total movement skills. Furthermore, trivial (r = 0.01) and small (r = 0.13; r = 0.22) relationships were observed between power qualities and total movement skills. These findings highlight that both movement skills and physical qualities differentiate between academy age groups, and provides comparative data for English senior and academy rugby league players.
The Effects of Various Weighted Implements on Baseball Swing Kinematics in Collegiate Baseball Players
Authors: Williams Charles C. , Gdovin Jacob R. , Wilson Samuel J. , Cazas-Moreno Vanessa L. , Eason John D. , Hoke Elizabeth L. , Allen Charles R. , Wade Chip , Garner John C. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Williams, CC, Gdovin, JR, Wilson, SJ, Cazas-Moreno, VL, Eason, JD, Hoke, EL, Allen, CR, Wade, C, and Garner, JC. The effects of various weighted implements on baseball swing kinematics in collegiate baseball players. J Strength Cond Res 33(5): 1347–1353, 2019—The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different warm-up (WU) devices on bat swing parameters including maximal resultant velocity (MRV), resultant velocity at ball contact (RVBC), time difference between MRV and RVBC, bat angle at MRV, bat angle at RVBC, and perceptual differences of each WU implement used by National Collegiate Athletic Association Division-I baseball players. Fifteen varsity baseball players completed 1 experimental session during fall training. Retroreflective markers were placed on the bat and tee to measure basic bat kinematics during the swing. Participants completed a general calisthenics WU before being counter-balanced into 1 of 4 WU conditions: standard bat (SB) (33 in/30 oz), fungo (10.6 oz), weighted gloves with SB (weighted gloves) (55.6 oz) and donut with SB (donut) (55.6 oz). Each participant was asked to perform their normal on-deck routine over a 2-minute period, finishing with 5 practice swings with the designated condition. After completion of the WU, a 1-minute rest period (simulating normal game conditions) was given to allow each participant to get set to perform 5 maximal swings with a SB. Five, 1 × 4 (group × condition) repeated measures analysis of variance examined the aforementioned variables. There were no significant differences in MRV, RVBC, time difference between MRV and RVBC, and bat angle at MRV and RVBC between all WU conditions. If presented with the current options, athletes should choose the WU implement with which they are most comfortable using before an at-bat situation.
Quantitative Analysis of Proximal and Distal Kinetic Chain Musculature During Dynamic Exercises
Authors: Oliver Gretchen D. , Washington Jessica K. , Barfield Jeff W. , Gascon Sarah S. , Gilmer Gabrielle 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Oliver, GD, Washington, JK, Barfield, JW, Gascon, SS, and Gilmer, G. Quantitative analysis of proximal and distal kinetic chain musculature during dynamic exercises. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1545–1553, 2018—Proximal to distal sequencing for the dynamic movement of throwing is dependent on the movement and stability of the lumbopelvic-hip complex (LPHC) and scapula. Although the need for proximal stability for distal mobility has been vastly documented, pre-throwing programs tend to focus on the traditional rotator cuff activation exercises before long toss. Thus, it was the purpose of this study to describe muscle activations of LPHC stabilizing musculature (bilateral gluteus medius and maximus) and scapular stabilizing musculature (dominant side latissimus dorsi, lower trapezius, upper trapezius, and serratus anterior) during 5 kinetic chain exercises that could be implemented in a throwing program. It was hypothesized that both the LPHC and the scapular stabilizing musculature would exhibit moderate to high activation during all the selected kinetic chain exercises. Nineteen healthy college students (23.2 ± 7.2 years; 176.7 ± 17.9 cm; 78.0 ± 28.6 kg) participated. Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity in the LPHC and scapular stabilizing musculature during 5 kinetic chain exercises. A nonparametric Friedman test revealed significantly different muscle activations as a factor of exercise for each muscle, χ2(18) = 417.220, p < 0.001. The 5 kinetic chain exercises successfully elicited moderate to high muscle activation in all musculature, except the upper trapezius. Because greater muscle activation of the LPHC and scapular stabilizers are crucial during a throwing task, these exercises are recommended for pre-throwing program implementation because they efficiently prepare the stabilizing musculature for lengthy or strenuous throwing tasks, resulting in a potential decrease in injury susceptibility.
Comparison Between Elite and Subelite Swimmers on Dry Land and Tumble Turn Leg Extensor Force-Time Characteristics
Authors: Jones Julian V. , Pyne David B. , Haff G. Greg , Newton Robert U. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Jones, JV, Pyne, DB, Haff, GG, and Newton, RU. Comparison between elite and subelite swimmers on dry land and tumble turn leg extensor force-time characteristics. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1762–1769, 2018—Elite swimmers demonstrate faster swimming turn times that are potentially a result of having better strength-power characteristics than subelite swimmers. We quantified differences between dry-land and swimming turn force-time characteristics in elite swimmers and subelite swimmers. Subelite (11 males: 17.4 ± 0.6 years; 10 females: 17.1 ± 0.6 years) and elite swimmers (15 male: 23.2 ± 2.3 years; 7 female: 21.6 ± 2.5 years) were tested in a cross-sectional design. All swimmers performed a body weight and loaded (20 kg females, 30 kg males) squat jump (SJ) on a portable force platform. On the same day, all swimmers completed swimming turn analyses using a force platform fixed within the pool wall. The magnitude of difference between groups was estimated using a standardized mean difference (effect size statistic). Elite male and female swimmers had superior swimming turn and dry-land force-time characteristics to subelite swimmers in all tests. The standardized mean differences between groups ranged from small to very large. The largest differences were SJ peak velocity unloaded (3.07 ± 1.0 m·s−1 males, 3.49 ± 2.29 m·s−1 females; standardized mean difference ± 90% confidence limits) and SJ peak power unloaded (2.59 ± 0.79 w male, 2.80 ± 1.64 w female) with elite male and female swimmers having a ∼25–50% higher performance than the subelites in both characteristics. Elite swimmers exhibit superior strength and power characteristics for the swimming turn compared with younger and less experienced swimmers. A well-planned and executed strength and conditioning program is needed for emerging swimmers to develop these qualities, as they transition to senior levels.