bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced platelet aggregation in women after intercourse: a possible role for the cyclooxygenase pathway
Authors: Mayoral‐Andrade Gabriel , Pérez‐Campos‐Mayoral Laura , Majluf‐Cruz Abraham , Perez‐Campos Mayoral Eduardo , Perez campos Mayoral Carlos , Rocha‐Núñez Ana , Martinez Margarito , Zenteno Edgar , Hernandez‐Gonzalez Leticia , López Juan María Guadalupe , Pérez‐Santiago Alma Dolores , Pérez‐Campos Eduardo 
Published: May 2017

SummaryWe hypothesise that molecules in the cyclooxygenase pathway affect platelet activity when seminal fluid (SF) is present. We considered the influence of SF on platelet aggregation in women, and believe that the prostanoids in SF signalling are significant. Thirty‐one female subjects were studied, 20 of whom were sexually active. Male partners were given either aspirin or indomethacin to inhibit cyclooxygenase. The 6‐keto prostaglandin F1α (6‐keto PGF1α) and prostaglandin E metabolite (PGE‐M) in SF were measured by competitive assay. Platelets and prostanoids were evaluated in women, periodically, before and after intercourse. The platelets were tested with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and arachidonic acid (AA). To block the interaction between the uterus and SF, some couples used condoms. We found that the 6‐keto prostaglandin F1α in urine at 2 hours post‐intercourse (1418.75 pg/mL, Std 688.39) was greater than pre‐intercourse (772.68 pg/mL, Std 116.54). Post‐intercourse, a transient decrease in platelet aggregation was observed in women whose partners did not use condoms. Averages for platelet aggregation were 20.16% with ADP, and more significantly, 37.79% with AA after 2 hours. In contrast, couples using condoms showed no changes, averaging 64.02% with ADP and 72.06% with AA. Women whose partners were taking aspirin or indomethacin also showed no changes. SF from men taking aspirin or indomethacin led to no reduction in platelet aggregometry in their partners. These results indicate that in cases of exposure to SF, the transient change in women's platelet activity could be related to the cyclooxygenase pathway.
Dissimilarity‐overlap analysis of community dynamics: Opportunities and pitfalls
Authors: Kalyuzhny Michael , Shnerb Nadav M. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

Do multiple different communities have similar dynamics? This novel question was recently addressed with the development of the dissimilarity–overlap curve (DOC) method, designed to identify sets of communities with similar (‘universal’) dynamics using pairwise comparison of communities’ composition. However, the theoretical properties of the method were tested using very restrictive and, in some cases, unrealistic assumptions.

We test the ability of the DOC method to discriminate universal from non‐universal dynamics in more realistic scenarios—under various levels and regimes of stochasticity and sampling errors, in cases where species respond to environmental gradients or geographical axes and in cases when only a fraction of the communities have universal dynamics. We also examine the ability of the method to test the Neutral Theory of Biodiversity.

We found that multiple factors and processes that produce variability among observed communities lead in general to a spurious detection of universal dynamics. In particular, sets of communities subject to environmental gradients, differences in stochasticity and in sampling quality among communities, and cases in which only a small fraction of the communities are similar, may be detected as having universal dynamics. We suggest the DOC method as a potential for testing the symmetric interactions assumption of neutral or symmetric theories, superior to the common techniques which are based on species abundance statistics.

Despite the promise of the DOC method, interpreting its results may be challenging and further developments are needed to address the question of similarity in dynamics.
Identifying consistent allele frequency differences in studies of stratified populations
Authors: Wiberg R. Axel W. , Gaggiotti Oscar E. , Morrissey Michael B. , Ritchie Michael G. 
Published: May 2017

Abstract

With increasing application of pooled‐sequencing approaches to population genomics robust methods are needed to accurately quantify allele frequency differences between populations. Identifying consistent differences across stratified populations can allow us to detect genomic regions under selection and that differ between populations with different histories or attributes. Current popular statistical tests are easily implemented in widely available software tools which make them simple for researchers to apply. However, there are potential problems with the way such tests are used, which means that underlying assumptions about the data are frequently violated.

These problems are highlighted by simulation of simple but realistic population genetic models of neutral evolution and the performance of different tests are assessed. We present alternative tests (including Generalised Linear Models [GLMs] with quasibinomial error structure) with attractive properties for the analysis of allele frequency differences and re‐analyse a published dataset.

The simulations show that common statistical tests for consistent allele frequency differences perform poorly, with high false positive rates. Applying tests that do not confound heterogeneity and main effects significantly improves inference. Variation in sequencing coverage likely produces many false positives and re‐scaling allele frequencies to counts out of a common value or an effective sample size reduces this effect.

Many researchers are interested in identifying allele frequencies that vary consistently across replicates to identify loci underlying phenotypic responses to selection or natural variation in phenotypes. Popular methods that have been suggested for this task perform poorly in simulations. Overall, quasibinomial GLMs perform better and also have the attractive feature of allowing correction for multiple testing by standard procedures and are easily extended to other designs.
Attributing changes in the distribution of species abundance to weather variables using the example of British breeding birds
Authors: Oedekoven Cornelia S. , Elston David A. , Harrison Philip J. , Brewer Mark J. , Buckland Stephen T. , Johnston Alison , Foster Simon , Pearce‐Higgins James W. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractModelling spatio‐temporal changes in species abundance and attributing those changes to potential drivers such as climate, is an important but difficult problem. The standard approach for incorporating climatic variables into such models is to include each weather variable as a single covariate, whose effect is expressed through a low‐order polynomial or smoother in an additive model. This, however, confounds the spatial and temporal effects of the covariates.We developed a novel approach to distinguish between three types of change in any particular weather covariate. We decomposed the weather covariate into three new covariates by separating out temporal variation in weather (averaging over space), spatial variation in weather (averaging over years) and a space–time anomaly term (residual variation). These three covariates were each fitted separately in the models. We illustrate the approach using generalized additive models applied to count data for a selection of species from the UK's Breeding Bird Survey, 1994–2013. The weather covariates considered were the mean temperatures during the preceding winter and temperatures and rainfall during the preceding breeding season. We compare models that include these covariates directly with models including decomposed components of the same covariates, considering both linear and smooth relationships.The lowest QAIC values were always associated with a decomposed weather covariate model. Different relationships between counts and the three new covariates provided strong evidence that the effects of changes in covariate values depended on whether changes took place in space, in time, or in the space–time anomaly. These results promote caution in predicting species distribution and abundance in future climate, based on relationships that are largely determined by environmental variation over space.Our methods estimate the effect of temporal changes in weather, while accounting for spatial effects of long‐term climate, improving inference on overall and/or localized effects of climate change. With increasing availability of large‐scale datasets, need is growing for appropriate analytical tools. The proposed decomposition of the weather variables represents an important advance by eliminating the confounding issue often inherent in analyses of large‐scale datasets.
International trends in clozapine use: a study in 17 countries
Authors: Bachmann C. J. , Aagaard L. , Bernardo M. , Brandt L. , Cartabia M. , Clavenna A. , Coma Fusté A. , Furu K. , Garuoliené K. , Hoffmann F. , Hollingworth S. , Huybrechts K. F. , Kalverdijk L. J. , Kawakami K. , Kieler H. , Kinoshita T. , López S. C. , Machado‐Alba J. E. , Machado‐Duque M. E. , Mahesri M. , Nishtala P. S. , Piovani D. , Reutfors J. , Saastamoinen L. K. , Sato I. , Schuiling‐Veninga C. C. M. , Shyu Y.‐C. , Siskind D. , Skurtveit S. , Verdoux H. , Wang L.‐J. , Zara Yahni C. , Zoëga H. , Taylor D. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveThere is some evidence that clozapine is significantly underutilised. Also, clozapine use is thought to vary by country, but so far no international study has assessed trends in clozapine prescribing. Therefore, this study aimed to assess clozapine use trends on an international scale, using standardised criteria for data analysis.MethodA repeated cross‐sectional design was applied to data extracts (2005–2014) from 17 countries worldwide.ResultsIn 2014, overall clozapine use prevalence was greatest in Finland (189.2/100 000 persons) and in New Zealand (116.3/100 000), and lowest in the Japanese cohort (0.6/100 000), and in the privately insured US cohort (14.0/100 000). From 2005 to 2014, clozapine use increased in almost all studied countries (relative increase: 7.8–197.2%). In most countries, clozapine use was highest in 40–59‐year‐olds (range: 0.6/100 000 (Japan) to 344.8/100 000 (Finland)). In youths (10–19 years), clozapine use was highest in Finland (24.7/100 000) and in the publicly insured US cohort (15.5/100 000).ConclusionWhile clozapine use has increased in most studied countries over recent years, clozapine is still underutilised in many countries, with clozapine utilisation patterns differing significantly between countries. Future research should address the implementation of interventions designed to facilitate increased clozapine utilisation.
Contemporary role of ureterolysis in retroperitoneal fibrosis: treatment of last resort or first intent? An analysis of 50 cases
Authors: O'Brien Tim , Fernando Archie 
Published: May 2017

ObjectiveTo determine the outcomes of open ureterolysis in a contemporary cohort of patients presenting with ureteric obstruction secondary to retroperitoneal fibrosis (RPF).Patients and methodsWe conducted a prospective analysis of 50 patients undergoing open ureterolysis and omental wrap between January 2012 and January 2016 in a single centre, managed by a multi‐disciplinary RPF team. Patients had a minimum follow‐up of 1 year. Indications were: nephrostomy‐dependent drainage (n = 5); stent failure as evidenced by persistent hydronephrosis (n = 20); severe stent symptoms (n = 22); and patient choice/pre‐emptive (n = 3). Outcome measures were stent‐free rate; change in renal function post‐ureterolysis; operating variables (operating time, blood loss, complications, length of hospital stay); and need for further intervention.ResultsOf the 50 patients, 48 (96%) were stent‐free at 3 months and 47/50 (94%) were stent‐free at 12 months. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) changes in glomerular filtration rate, according to these indication groups, at 1 year were: overall +6 (−4 to +22)% (P < 0.05); stent failure +25 (+5 to +27)% (P < 0.001); stent symptoms +0 (−17 to +6)% (P = 0.834); nephrostomy‐dependent drainage −10 (−19 to −2)% (P = 0.731); and pre‐emptive 0 (0 to +8)% (P = 0.5). A total of 11/50 patients (22%) underwent additional procedures: nephrectomy, n = 7; uretero‐ureterostomy, n = 1; aneurysm repair, n = 1; 1 Boari flap, n = 1; and ureteric re‐implant, n = 1. Serious complications (Clavien III or IV) occurred in 12% of patients. The median (IQR) blood loss was 390 (20–1,200) mL and the median (IQR) length of hospital stay was 8 (3–21) days.ConclusionsThis study suggests that for patients with ureteric obstruction caused by RPF, contemporary ureterolysis performed by a high‐volume specialist team can successfully render patients stent‐ or nephrostomy‐free without compromising renal function. The results suggest that ureterolysis should be considered in all patients who present with ureteric obstruction caused by RPF that does not respond quickly to standard treatment.
Dual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinase 2 is a suppressor and potential prognostic marker for liver metastasis of colorectal cancer
Authors: Ito Daisuke , Yogosawa Satomi , Mimoto Rei , Hirooka Shinichi , Horiuchi Takashi , Eto Ken , Yanaga Katsuhiko , Yoshida Kiyotsugu 
Published: May 2017

Colorectal cancer is a common cancer and a leading cause of cancer‐related death worldwide. The liver is a dominant metastatic site for patients with colorectal cancer. Molecular mechanisms that allow colorectal cancer cells to form liver metastases are largely unknown. Activation of epithelial–mesenchymal transition is the key step for metastasis of cancer cells. We recently reported that dual‐specificity tyrosine‐regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) controls epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer and ovarian serous adenocarcinoma. The aim of this study is to clarify whether DYRK2 regulates liver metastases of colorectal cancer. We show that the ability of cell invasion and migration was abrogated in DYRK2‐overexpressing cells. In an in vivo xenograft model, liver metastatic lesions were markedly diminished by ectopic expression of DYRK2. Furthermore, we found that patients whose liver metastases expressed low DYRK2 levels had significantly worse overall and disease‐free survival. Given the findings that DYRK2 regulates cancer cell metastasis, we concluded that the expression status of DYRK2 could be a predictive marker for liver metastases of colorectal cancer.
Microstructure alterations in the hypothalamus in cranially radiated childhood leukaemia survivors but not in craniopharyngioma patients unaffected by hypothalamic damage
Authors: Follin Cecilia , Fjalldal Sigridur , Svärd Daniel , van Westen Danielle , Gabery Sanaz , Petersén Åsa , Lätt Jimmy , Rylander Lars , Erfurth Eva Marie 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveMetabolic complications are frequent in childhood leukaemia (ALL) survivors treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT). These complications are potentially mediated by damage to the hypothalamus (HT), as childhood onset (CO) craniopharyngioma (CP) survivors without HT involvement are spared overt obesity. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) shows brain tissue microstructure alterations, by fractional anisotrophy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). We used DTI to determine the integrity of the microstructure of the HT in ALL survivors.DesignCase‐control study.PatientsThree groups were included: (i) 27 CRT treated ALL survivors on hormone supplementation, (ii) 17 CO‐CP survivors on hormone supplementation but without HT involvement and (iii) 27 matched controls.MeasurementsDTI parameters of the HT were measured and body composition.ResultsMicrostructural alterations in the HT were more severe in ALL survivors with a BMI ≥25 than with BMI <25. Compared to controls, ALL survivors had reduced FA (P=.04), increased MD (P<.001), AD (P<.001) and RD (P<.001) in the right and left HT. In the right HT, ALL survivors with a BMI ≥25 showed elevated MD (P=.03) and AD (P=.02) compared to ALL survivors with BMI <25. In contrast, DTI parameters did not differ between CP survivors and controls.ConclusionsLong‐term follow‐up after CRT for ALL DTI measures were affected in the HT despite complete hormone replacement. The present data suggest that ALL survivors have demyelination and axonal loss in the HT.
Longitudinal changes in serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D in the Dallas Heart Study
Authors: Mirfakhraee Sasan , Ayers Colby R. , McGuire Darren K. , Maalouf Naim M. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryContextWhile the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is well described in various populations, limited data are available regarding longitudinal variation in serum 25‐hydroxyvitamin D concentrations.ObjectivesTo evaluate the temporal trends in serum 25(OH)D, prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and factors influencing these trends.Participants, Design and Setting:Adults enrolled in the Dallas Heart Study, a longitudinal, probability‐based, multiethnic, population study in Dallas, Texas, USA.Main Outcome MeasuresPrevalence of vitamin D deficiency and predictors of change in serum 25(OH)D.ResultsA total of 2045 participants had serum 25(OH)D measured on two occasions (2000‐2002 and 2007‐2009) at a median interval of 7 years. Serum 25(OH)D decreased (42.7‐39.4 nmol/L, P<.001) and the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] increased significantly (60.6%‐66.4%, P<.0001) despite vitamin D supplementation increasing over the interval (7.2%‐23.0%; P<.0001). In a multivariable model adjusting for sex, race, BMI, age, season of blood draw, smoking and exercise, a greater decline in serum 25(OH)D was noted in men compared with women (−8.0 vs −3.5 nmol/L, P<.0001), in participants of Hispanic ethnicity vs White and Black ethnicity (P<.0001), in nonobese vs obese participants (−7.2 vs −4.0 nmol/L, P=.005) and in nonusers vs users of vitamin D supplements (−5.7 vs −1.7 nmol/L, P=.032).ConclusionsDespite increased vitamin D supplementation, serum 25(OH)D decreased in an ethnically diverse cohort of Dallas County residents between 2000‐2002 and 2007‐2009. Features most predictive of a decline in serum 25(OH)D include male sex, Hispanic ethnicity and weight gain.
Identification of somatic TERT promoter mutations in familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinomas
Authors: Marques Inês J. , Moura Margarida M. , Cabrera Rafael , Pinto António E. , Simões‐Pereira Joana , Santos Catarina , Menezes Francisco D. , Montezuma Diana , Henrique Rui , Rodrigues Teixeira Manuel , Leite Valeriano , Cavaco Branca M. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryObjectiveThe genes causing familial nonmedullary thyroid carcinoma (FNMTC) identified to date are only involved in a small fraction of the families. Recently, somatic mutations in TERT promoter region and in EIF1AX gene were reported in thyroid tumours of undefined familial status. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of TERT and EIF1AX mutations in familial thyroid tumours.DesignThe promoter region of TERT was sequenced in leucocyte DNA of the probands from 75 FNMTC families. In thyroid tumours from 54 familial cases, we assessed somatic TERT promoter, RAS and BRAF hotspot mutations, and the whole EIF1AX gene.ResultsNo potentially pathogenic germline variants were identified in TERT in the 75 FNMTC families’ probands. In the 54 carcinomas, we identified five cases (9%) with hotspot somatic TERT promoter mutations. BRAF mutations were found in 41% of the tumours. All TERT‐positive samples were also positive for BRAF p.Val600Glu, and this co‐occurrence was found to be statistically significant (P=.008). RAS mutations were detected in four tumours wild‐type for TERT (7%). Evaluation of tumour mutation data together with the patients’ clinicopathological features revealed a significant correlation between TERT plus BRAF mutations and advanced tumour stage (T4) (P=.020). No mutations were identified in EIF1AX.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that TERT promoter and EIF1AX mutations are not frequently involved in FNMTC aetiology. However, we show for the first time that TERT alterations are associated with familial thyroid tumour progression. Our data also suggest that TERT mutations are more often found in concomitance with BRAF mutations in advanced stages of FNMTC.
Oral health‐related quality of life and risk factors associated with traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian children: A multilevel approach
Authors: Bomfim Rafael A. , Herrera Daniel Rodrigo , De‐Carli Alessandro Diogo 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackground/AimsAmong the diseases related to oral health, such as caries and oral cancer, dental trauma stands out as one of the major public health problems worldwide. The aim of this study was to verify the occurrence of factors associated with traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), including oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL), sociodemographic characteristics, untreated caries, occlusal problems and contextual variables in 12‐year‐old Brazilian children.MethodsThis study assessed a complex sample of the National Research in Oral Health (SBBrasil 2010) data on 7240 12‐year‐old children and contextual features of the municipalities where they lived.ResultsTDI prevalence in 12‐year‐old schoolchildren was 23.96%. Being female was a protective factor for all trauma outcome variables. Non‐white children were at risk of maxillary tooth fractures. Maxillary overjet greater than 3 mm was associated with all trauma outcomes. Crowding and spacing were risk factors for enamel trauma. TDI has a negative impact on OHRQoL. None of the contextual variables analysed (Gini coefficient, MHDI, family health strategy and water fluoridation) were associated with TDI in the multilevel approach.ConclusionsTDI was better explained by individual factors, related to sociodemographic conditions and occlusal problems, with a negative impact on OHRQoL, adjusted for untreated caries. Contextual variables were not associated with TDI in 12‐year‐old Brazilian schoolchildren. Interdisciplinary actions for preventing dental trauma, such as stimulating the use of mouthguards, have to be encouraged by the family health strategy (FHS) and school health programme (SHP).
Successful use of lipid emulsion to resuscitate a foal after intravenous lidocaine induced cardiovascular collapse
Authors: Vieitez V. , Gómez de Segura I. Á. , Martin‐Cuervo M. , Gracia L. A. , Ezquerra L. J. 
Published: May 2017

SummaryBackgroundLipid emulsion has been reported to be effective for the treatment of local anaesthetic overdoses in rats, dogs and man.ObjectivesTo describe the successful treatment of cardiovascular lidocaine toxicity in a foal with intravenous lipid administration.Study designObservational study: case report.MethodsAn 8‐month‐old Arabian cross foal was anaesthetised for removal of the right alar fold and nasal plate. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen and lidocaine administered with a loading dose followed by a continuous rate infusion (CRI). The anaesthetic period was uneventful and 30 min before expected termination of the procedure lidocaine infusion was stopped. A sudden drop in mean arterial blood pressure was then observed. The ECG signal was lost, the end tidal CO2 tension dropped from 40 to 10 mmHg, corneal reflex was absent and asystole diagnosed. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation manoeuvres were immediately initiated, but epinephrine and atropine were unsuccessfully administered. Lipid emulsion was administered and the heart rate and arterial blood pressure gradually returned to normal.ResultsThe foal recovered consciousness 3 h later, regained its sternal position, was responsive and 20 h later was able to stand up alone.Main limitationsIt will be necessary to evaluate a greater number of cases to determine the effectiveness of lipids in foals intoxicated with lidocaine.ConclusionIntravenous lipid emulsion may be helpful in the treatment of potentially lethal cardiotoxicity attributable to lidocaine overdose in the foal.