bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High HIV incidence among young black men who have sex with men: constructing a retrospective cohort from a community health programme
Authors: Friedman M Reuel , Feliz Nayck B , Netto Jess , Adams Brian J , Matthews Derrick D , Stall Ron D , Ho Ken S , Krier Sarah E , Silvestre Anthony J 
Published: December 2016

ObjectivesWe sought to calculate HIV incidence in a retrospective cohort of young (13–29 years old) black men who have sex with men (YBMSM) accessing repeated HIV-antibody testing in a mid-size city in the USA.MethodsWe aggregated site-specific HIV-antibody testing results from the project's inception among YBMSM who received an initial negative result and accessed at least one additional HIV-antibody test. From these data, we assessed number of seroconversions and person-years and calculated HIV incidence using a mid-P exact test to estimate 95% CIs.ResultsFive seroconversions were documented over 42.3 person-years (the mean age at first onsite test: 19.7 years), resulting in an HIV incidence rate of 11.8% (95% CI 4.3% to 26.2%). The mean age at seroconversion was 20.4 (±3.0) years.ConclusionsEven in mid-size cities with low HIV prevalence rates in the general population, HIV incidence among YBMSM may be high. Community-based HIV-antibody testing organisations serving YBMSM should be encouraged and trained to track repeated HIV testing and calculate HIV incidence rates. Increased resources should be deployed to develop and encourage regular HIV testing in community health sites serving YBMSM.
Efficacy of PD-1 Blockade Is Potentiated by Metformin-Induced Reduction of Tumor Hypoxia
Authors: Scharping Nicole E. , Menk Ashley V. , Whetstone Ryan D. , Zeng Xue , Delgoffe Greg M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Blockade of the coinhibitory checkpoint molecule PD-1 has emerged as an effective treatment for many cancers, resulting in remarkable responses. However, despite successes in the clinic, most patients do not respond to PD-1 blockade. Metabolic dysregulation is a common phenotype in cancer, but both patients and tumors are metabolically heterogeneous. We hypothesized that the deregulated oxidative energetics of tumor cells present a metabolic barrier to antitumor immunity through the generation of a hypoxic microenvironment and that normalization of tumor hypoxia might improve response to immunotherapy. We show that the murine tumor lines B16 and MC38 differed in their ability to consume oxygen and produce hypoxic environments, which correlated with their sensitivity to checkpoint blockade. Metformin, a broadly prescribed type II diabetes treatment, inhibited oxygen consumption in tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, resulting in reduced intratumoral hypoxia. Although metformin monotherapy had little therapeutic benefit in highly aggressive tumors, combination of metformin with PD-1 blockade resulted in improved intratumoral T-cell function and tumor clearance. Our data suggest tumor hypoxia acts as a barrier to immunotherapy and that remodeling the hypoxic tumor microenvironment has potential to convert patients resistant to immunotherapy into those that receive clinical benefit. Cancer Immunol Res; 5(1); 9–16. ©2016 AACR.
Effects of Liraglutide on Reperfusion Injury in Patients With ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Chen Wei Ren , Chen Yun Dai , Tian Feng , Yang Na , Cheng Liu Quan , Hu Shun Ying , Wang Jing , Yang Jun Jie , Wang Shi Feng , Gu Xiao Fang 
Published: December 2016

Background—
Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analog, was reported to reduce reperfusion injury in mice. We planned to evaluate the effects of liraglutide on reperfusion injury in patients with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods and Results—

A total of 96 patients with ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction undergoing emergency primary percutaneous coronary intervention were randomized to receive either subcutaneous liraglutide or placebo. Study treatment was commenced 30 minutes before intervention (1.8 mg) and maintained for 7 days after the procedure (0.6 mg for 2 days, 1.2 mg for 2 days, followed by 1.8 mg for 3 days). The salvage index was calculated from myocardial area at risk, measured during the index admission (35±12 hours), and final infarct size measured at 91±5 days after primary percutaneous coronary intervention by cardiac magnetic resonance. At 3 months, the primary end point, a higher salvage index was found in the liraglutide group than in the placebo group in 77 patients evaluated with cardiac magnetic resonance (0.66±0.14 versus 0.55±0.15;
P
=0.001). The final infarct size was lower in the liraglutide group than that in the placebo group (15±12 versus 21±15 g;
P
=0.05). Serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level was lower in the liraglutide group (
P
<0.001). During a 6-month follow-up period, no difference was observed in the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular event. Safety and tolerability were similar among the 2 groups.

Conclusions—
Our study provides evidence that liraglutide improves myocardial salvage and infarct size after ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction, possibly by reducing reperfusion injury, making it a promising treatment for evaluation in larger trials.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02001363.
The Influence of Social Support on Dyadic Functioning and Mental Health Among Military Personnel During Postdeployment Reintegration
Authors: Cederbaum Julie A. , Wilcox Sherrie L. , Sullivan Kathrine , Lucas Carrie , Schuyler Ashley 
Published: December 2016

Objectives: Although many service members successfully cope with exposure to stress and traumatic experiences, others have symptoms of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety; contextual factors may account for the variability in outcomes from these experiences. This work sought to understand mechanisms through which social support influences the mental health of service members and whether dyadic functioning mediates this relationship. Methods: We collected cross-sectional data as part of a larger study conducted in 2013; 321 military personnel who had at least 1 deployment were included in these analyses. Surveys were completed online; we collected data on demographic characteristics, social support, mental health measures (depression, PTSD, and anxiety), and dyadic functioning. We performed process modeling through mediation analysis. Results: The direct effects of social support on the mental health of military personnel were limited; however, across all types of support networks, greater social support was significantly associated with better dyadic functioning. Dyadic functioning mediated the relationships between social support and depression/PTSD only when social support came from nonmilitary friends or family; dyadic functioning mediated social support and anxiety only when support came from family. We found no indirect effects of support from military peers or military leaders. Conclusion: Findings here highlight the need to continue to explore ways in which social support, particularly from family and nonmilitary-connected peers, can bolster healthy intimate partner relationships and, in turn, improve the well-being of military service members who are deployed.
HIV-1 Infection and Transmission Networks of Younger People in Chicago, Illinois, 2005-2011
Authors: Morgan Ethan , Oster Alexandra M. , Townsell Stephanie , Peace Donna , Benbow Nanette , Schneider John A. 
Published: December 2016

Objective: Analysis of HIV nucleotide sequences can be used to identify people with highly similar HIV strains and understand transmission patterns. The objective of this study was to identify groups of people highly connected by HIV transmission and the extent to which transmission occurred within and between geographic areas in Chicago, Illinois. Methods: We analyzed genetic sequences in the HIV-1 pol region in samples collected from people participating in the VARHS program in Chicago during 2005-2011. We determined pairwise genetic distance, inferred potential transmission events between HIV-infected people whose sequences were ≤1.5% genetically distant, and identified clusters of connected people. We used multivariable analysis to determine demographic characteristics and risk attributes associated with degree of connectivity. Results: Of 1154 sequences, 177 (15.3%) were tied to at least 1 other sequence. We determined that younger people, men, non-Hispanic black people, and men who have sex with men were more highly connected than other HIV-infected people. We also identified a high degree of geographic heterogeneity—48 of 67 clusters (71.6%) contained people from >1 Chicago region (north, south, or west sides). Conclusion: Our results indicate a need to address HIV transmission through the networks of younger non-Hispanic black men who have sex with men. The high level of geographic heterogeneity observed suggests that HIV prevention programs should be targeted toward networks of younger people rather than geographic areas of high incidence. This study could also guide prevention efforts in other diverse metropolitan regions with characteristics similar to those of Chicago.
CGRP in human models of primary headaches
Authors: Ashina Håkan , Schytz Henrik Winther , Ashina Messoud 
Published: December 2016

Objective To review the role of CGRP in human models of primary headaches and to discuss methodological aspects and future directions. Discussion Provocation experiments demonstrated a heterogeneous CGRP migraine response in migraine patients. Conflicting CGRP plasma results in the provocation experiments are likely due to assay variation; therefore, proper validation and standardization of an assay is needed. To what extent CGRP is involved in tension-type headache and cluster headache is unknown. Conclusion Human models of primary headaches have elucidated the role of CGRP in headache pathophysiology and sparked great interest in developing new treatment strategies using CGRP antagonists and antibodies. Future studies applying more refined human experimental models should identify biomarkers of CGRP-induced primary headache and reveal whether CGRP provocation experiments could be used to predict efficacy of CGRP antagonists in migraine patients.
Pelvic congestion syndrome masquerading as osteoarthritis of the hip
Authors: Dos Santos Scott J , Whiteley Mark S 
Published: December 2016

Objectives: Pelvic congestion syndrome (PCS) is associated with pelvic vein reflux (PVR), occasionally secondary to venous compression. Its symptoms, usually intra-pelvic, are alleviated following the abolition of this reflux by pelvic vein embolisation (PVE). The objective of this report is to present two cases of left hip pain, erroneously diagnosed as osteoarthritis, which disappeared after successful PVE and abolition of PVR. Methods: Two females presented with lower limb varicose veins, and also had a history of left-sided hip pain. Both had previously been investigated for the hip pain and diagnosed as osteoarthritis despite minimal arthritic changes on pelvic X-rays. During investigation for lower limb varicose veins, both showed a pelvic origin for their leg veins and hence underwent transvaginal duplex ultrasound. This revealed PVR, and PVE was planned in both patients. Results: Both patients underwent PVE and reported ‘miraculous’ resolution of left hip pain and also PCS symptoms including pelvic pain, irritable bowel issues and the disappearance of pelvic dragging, with almost immediate disappearance of vulval and vaginal varicosities. One patient also noted reduced clitoral sensitivity. Conclusion: Manifestations of PCS may vary in terms of intra- or extra-pelvic signs. PCS and PVR should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients with arthritic symptoms in the hip without evident radiographic evidence.
Mineralogy of the Neoproterozoic epidote-bearing TTG suite, Mons Claudianus batholith (Egypt) and implications for synorogenic magmatism
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Abdel-Fattah M. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe Neoproterozoic, epidote-bearing Mons Claudianus Batholith (MCB), Egypt, consists of tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite (TTG) lithologies, containing variable contents of quartz, feldspars, amphiboles, biotite, and magmatic epidote, with accessory titanite, zircon, allanite, apatite, opaque magnetite and ilmenite. Plagioclase varies from An49to An19, and K-feldspars possess near end-member compositions (Or97to Or91). Amphiboles are calcic (Ca = 1.88–1.92 atoms per formula unit (apfu)), Al-rich (average AlT= 1.84 apfu), having an average Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratio of 0.50, and are edenite, ferro-edenite and ferropargasite. The Al-in-Hb barometer produced an average crystallization pressure of 5.5 kbar, consistent with the presence of magmatic epidote; the association epidote – Al-rich-Hb suggests mesozonal crustal levels, and thus a possible average rate of regional uplift for the Nubian Shield would have been in the order of 0.03 mm/yr. Calculated temperatures (using the Hb-Plag geothermometer) range from 729 to 754°C (average 747°C). The calculatedP / Tvalues of epidote-bearing MCB rocks fall within the experimentally-determinedP-Trange of stability of magmatic epidote withfO2buffered from NNO to HM. Biotites in the MCB are moderately Mg-rich (Fe/(Fe + Mg) = 0.42 to 0.50), and are type 'C'-biotite, typical of calcalkaline orogenic suites, which are distinct from types 'A' and 'P' biotites occurring in anorogenic alkaline, and peraluminous lithologies, respectively. The minor secondary chlorite phases, with their Fe/(Fe + Mg) ratios of 0.37–0.52, are pycnochlorite and ripidolites, and belong to group 'c' chlorites. Minerals of the MCB reflect a petrogenetic history involving a wet, subsolvus, typically orogenic magmatic system. Results of this study could have wide implications for mineralogical characterization, level of emplacement and evolution of magmatic systems of TTG suites occurring in other orogenic belts.
Distinct regulatory networks control the development of macrophages of different origins in zebrafish
Authors: Yu Tao , Guo Weilin , Tian Ye , Xu Jin , Chen Jiahao , Li Li , Wen Zilong 
Published: December 2016

Key PointsPu.1 and Spi-b form vertical and paralleled regulatory networks to orchestrate RBI- and VDA-born macrophage development, respectively. The vertical and paralleled Pu.1−Spi-b regulatory networks control the development of RBI- and VDA-born macrophages by regulating Irf8.
PROPER: global protein interaction network alignment through percolation matching
Authors: Kazemi Ehsan , Hassani Hamed , Grossglauser Matthias , Pezeshgi Modarres Hassan 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
The alignment of protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks enables us to uncover the relationships between different species, which leads to a deeper understanding of biological systems. Network alignment can be used to transfer biological knowledge between species. Although different PPI-network alignment algorithms were introduced during the last decade, developing an accurate and scalable algorithm that can find alignments with high biological and structural similarities among PPI networks is still challenging.

Results
In this paper, we introduce a new global network alignment algorithm for PPI networks called PROPER. Compared to other global network alignment methods, our algorithm shows higher accuracy and speed over real PPI datasets and synthetic networks. We show that the PROPER algorithm can detect large portions of conserved biological pathways between species. Also, using a simple parsimonious evolutionary model, we explain why PROPER performs well based on several different comparison criteria.

Conclusions
We highlight that PROPER has high potential in further applications such as detecting biological pathways, finding protein complexes and PPI prediction. The PROPER algorithm is available at http://proper.epfl.ch.
Plus the Swinging of the Door
Authors: Nathanaël  
Published: December 2016

Abstract
When Haitian author Frankétienne writes in French and Kreyòl, as he does in Rapjazz and in other texts, part of the work he achieves is the dismantling of a linear understanding of translation as movement between two languages, or as might be figured by the meeting of two bodies (whatever their attributed sexes). What appear to be blocks of texts in differentiable languages reveal themselves to not simply mirror one another but also refract and resorb one another; the languages devour each other, and their compost—Frankétienne's text—carries embedded trace elements that make their precise differentiation impracticable. Every translative act risks, of necessity, a form of double exposure, of both translator and text. Here, it is not so much the Marassa figure (from the Vodun tradition) in Frankétienne's text that demands attention but the text itself as a figure of the Marassa.
In Memoriam to Identity
Authors: Heinrich Ari Larissa , Dowd Eloise 
Published: December 2016

AbstractWhen Taiwanese author Qiu Miaojin ended her life in 1995, she left behind her final work, the experimental novel Last Words from Montmartre. This article outlines some of the challenges in translating Qiu Miaojin's novel from Chinese to English. Structured as a series of letters to mirror the novel's own epistolary form, the article discusses how, supported by the novel's constructed chaos, Qiu's narrator occupies several distinct genders over the course of the novel. The authors argue that what might be construed in certain Western literary traditions as the novel's excessive emotionality is in fact a radical act of expression and even resistance to prevailing calls for queer “reticence” in the time and place of its production.
Self-Assembly and Solid-State Polymerization of Butadiyne Derivatives with Amide and Trialkoxyphenyl Groups
Authors: Kikuchi Kohei , Tatewaki Yoko , Okada Shuji 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Three butadiyne derivatives with amide and tri(dodecyloxy)phenyl (TDP) groups were synthesized, and four solidification methods were applied to obtain their self-assembling states in various conditions. The solids obtained were characterized by the solid-state polymerization behaviors, stretching vibration wavenumbers of N–H bonds of amide groups, powder X-ray diffraction, the thermal behaviors, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations. We found that all compounds had at least two polymorphs. Property differences between two polymorphs depended on the compounds. Two compounds showed clear differences in UV–vis spectra of the photopolymerized solids, i.e., the polydiacetylene (PDA) structure, and irregularly polymerized form, or two PDA structures. The remaining compound showed the same PDA absorption but the monomer melting points were different. All compounds gave the gels in various organic solvents because of the molecular design with amide and TDP groups. SEM observation clarified the relationship between gel appearance and the nanostructures.
Antibody response to topical streptokinase
Authors: Bux M. , Baig M.K. , Rodrigues E. , Armstrong D. , Brown A. 
Published: December 2016

The aim of this study was to assess anti-streptokinase antibody levels in patients treated with intravenous streptokinase for acute myocardial infarction and in patients treated with topical streptokinase for cutaneous wounds. Sixty-two consecutive patients with acute myocardial infarction (age 65±12 years), 42 consecutive patients with streptokinase/streptodornase-treated wounds (age 74±14 years) and a control group of 40 patients with non-streptokinase-treated wounds (age 59±14 years) were studied over a period of 12 months. Blood was taken prior to commencement of treatment and subsequently at intervals of seven days, one month and six months. Serum was analysed for the presence of anti-streptokinase antibodies, using an ELISA technique.Baseline anti-streptokinase levels were similar in all three groups. Over the subsequent six months, the group treated with intravenous streptokinase developed a significant elevation of antibody levels, whereas antibody levels did not rise significantly in the control group. The group treated with topical streptokinase also developed a significant elevation of antibody levels at one month, but the mean level was significantly lower than that in the intravenous group. By six months, anti-streptokinase levels in the topical group had returned toward baseline values.Topical application of streptokinase causes a significant humoral response by one month, which then declines. The response is significantly lower than that caused by intravenous streptokinase. To ensure clinical thrombolytic efficacy, therefore, it may be preferable to avoid intravenous streptokinase in patients who have been treated with topical streptokinase in the preceding six months.
The cytocompatibility of hydrocolloid dressings
Authors: Agren M. 
Published: December 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on fibroblast proliferation of hydrophilic particles isolated from six commercial hydrocolloid dressings.The hydrophobic adhesive matrix of six hydrocolloid dressings was removed using a reflux extraction method with an organic solvent (xylene). The remaining hydrophilic particles were dissolved in complete cell growth medium containing 10% (v/v) foetal calf serum and added to confluent human dermal fibroblasts grown in monolayer in final concentrations of 0.1 and 0.01% (w/v). Control cells received growth medium alone. The fibroblasts were incubated with the hydrophilic particles and the thymidine analogue 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) for 24 hours.The incorporation of BrdU into DNA was used as a measure of cell proliferation and determined using an ELISA kit. The results were expressed in percentage of control-treated wells and analysed using analysis of variance. Apart from Comfeel Plus, the hydrophilic particles of hydrocolloid dressings significantly inhibited fibroblast proliferation at 0.1% compared to control-treated fibroblasts (p<0.05).
A comparison of two dressings in the management of chronic wounds
Authors: Thomas S. , Banks V. , Bale S. , Fear-Price M. , Hagelstein S. , Harding K.G. , Orpin J. , Thomas N. 
Published: December 2016

A hydropolymer dressing (Tielle) and a hydrocolloid dressing (Granuflex) were compared In a randomised controlled clinical study involving 100 patients with leg ulcers and 99 patients with pressure sores in the community. Statistically significant differences in favour of the hydropolymer dressing were detected for dressing leakage and odour production, but no statistically significant differences were recorded in the number of patients with either leg ulcers or pressure sores who healed in each treatment group.