bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eosinophilic Esophagitis in a Kitten
Authors: Pera Julie , Palma Douglas , Donovan Taryn A. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACT
A 4 mo old intact male kitten was presented for chronic regurgitation and failure to thrive after weaning to dry food. Esophageal dilatation and severe diffuse proliferative lesions of the esophageal mucosa were found via radiography and esophagoscopy, respectively. Histopathologic examination revealed severe, chronic, diffuse, hyperplastic eosinophilic and mastocytic esophagitis. Eosinophilic infiltrates were prominent, with a mean of 29.8 eosinophils per high power field, supportive of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE). Significant clinical improvement was seen with dietary modification using a hydrolyzed diet. The addition of glucocorticoids did not result in further improvement in clinical signs. Repeat histopathology showed near resolution of eosinophilic infiltration. EoE is an uncommon and rarely reported condition in dogs and cats. Diagnosis involves histopathologic confirmation and exclusion of other causes of eosinophilic infiltration within the esophagus. This case report demonstrates the importance of biopsy in identification of EoE and the efficacy of dietary modification in the treatment of this disease in a kitten.
Helicoidal Surfaces in the three dimensional simply isotropic space I₃¹
Authors: Karacan Murat Kemal , Yoon Dae Won , Kiziltug Sezai 
Published: May 2017

In this paper, we classify helicoidal surfaces in the three dimensional simply isotropic space I₃¹ satisfying some algebraic equations in terms of the coordinate functions and the Laplacian operators with respect to the first, the second and the third fundamental form of the surface. We also give explicit forms of these surfaces.
Makt- og kjønnsperspektiver knyttet til bruk av IKT i barnehagen
Authors: Sando Svein 
Published: May 2017

How can power and gender perspectives on using ICT in kindergartens be addressed and understood? This article tries to answer this question by analyzing two cases from Norwegian kindergartens. The writer uses aspects on power from Machiavelli, Weber and Foucault, and recent research on ICT and gender. Machiavellian strategies on being sly rather than fierce were pointed out in both cases and some gender stereotypes as well. Shortage of digital tools in kindergartens seems to contribute to maintain gender stereotypes and sustain unwanted effects of power relations.Keywords: Gender, power, Kindergarten, children, ICT, intersectionalityNøkkelord: Kjønn, makt, barnehage, barn, IKT, interseksjonalitet
Development and Validation of a Rapid and Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for the Pharmacokinetic Study of Osimertinib in Rats
Authors: Xiong Shan , Deng Zhipeng , Sun Peilu , Mu Yanling , Xue Mingxing 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
Osimertinib is a new-generation epidermal growth factor inhibitor for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. In the present study, a rapid and sensitive LC with tandem MS method was developed and validated for the determination of osimertinib in rat plasma. Chromatographic separation was carried out on a C18 column using acetonitrile and water containing 0.1% formic acid. The assay was validated over a concentration range of 1.0–1000 ng/mL for osimertinib, with a lower LOQ of 1.0 ng/mL. The intra- and interday accuracy values for osimertinib ranged from 92.66 to 101.50% and from 97.08 to 99.15%, respectively, and the intra- and interday precision values for osimertinib ranged from 6.25 to 10.34% and from 3.43 to 10.44%, respectively. The method was successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic study of osimertinib after oral administration of osimertinib (4.5 mg/kg) to rats.
Validation of a Method for the Determination of Balenine/Ophidine in Whale
Authors: Valdersnes Stig , Birkenes Anita , Froyland Livar 
Published: May 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop and validate a method for the determination of balenine/ophidine (hereafter referred to as “balenine”) in whale extracts and muscle samples from Balaenoptera acutorostrata. Further, the goal was to evaluate the method’s applicability for the determination of other histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs): anserine and carnosine and their amino acids π-methylhistidine, τ-methylhistidine, histidine, and β-alanine. For balenine, the LOD and LOQ were found to be 0.03 and 0.1 mg/g, respectively, and the linear range was validated up to 160 mg/g. Trueness was evaluated by spiking experiments with balenine, and the recovery was found to be 88–90%. A comparison of the results showed that most of the other analytes were within 80–120% of the value found with the previously developed and validated method. Precision and internal reproducibility for balenine was around 0.9 and 2%, respectively, with measurement uncertainties of 2–4%. Therefore, the method was found to be fit for purpose for the determination of balenine and other HCDs and their constituent amino acids in whale meat and extracts.
Comparison in antioxidant and antitumor activities of pine polyphenols and its seven biotransformation extracts by fungi
Authors: Li Hui , Wang Zhenyu 
Published: May 2017

Microbial transformation can strengthen the antioxidant and antitumor activities of polyphenols. Polyphenols contents, antioxidant and antitumor activities of pine polyphenols and its biotransformation extracts byAspergillus niger,Aspergillus oryzae,Aspergillus carbonarius,Aspergillus candidus,Trichodermas viride, Mucor wutungkiaoand Rhizopus spwere studied. Significant differences were noted in antioxidant and antitumor activities. The highest antioxidant activities in Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity, hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, reducing power assay and antitumor activity against LoVo cells were biotransformation extract ofAspergillus carbonarius(BAC), biotransformation extract ofMucor wutungkiao(BMW), biotransformation extract ofAspergillus carbonarius(BAC), biotransformation extract ofAspergillus niger(BAN), biotransformation extract ofAspergillus oryzae(BAO) and BMW, respectively. Correlation analysis found that antioxidant and antitumor activities were associated with polyphenols contents and types of free radicals and tumors.A. carbonariuscan make polyphenol oxidation, hydroxylation and methylation, and form new polyphenols. In conclusion,A. carbonarius,A. niger and M. wutungkiaoare valuable microorganisms used for polyphenols biotransformation and enhance the antioxidant and antitumor activities of polyphenols.
Quantifying offshore fore‐arc deformation and splay‐fault slip using drowned Pleistocene shorelines, Arauco Bay, Chile
Authors: Jara‐Muñoz Julius , Melnick Daniel , Zambrano Patricio , Rietbrock Andreas , González Javiera , Argandoña Boris , Strecker Manfred R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMost of the deformation associated with the seismic cycle in subduction zones occurs offshore and has been therefore difficult to quantify with direct observations at millennial timescales. Here we study millennial deformation associated with an active splay‐fault system in the Arauco Bay area off south central Chile. We describe hitherto unrecognized drowned shorelines using high‐resolution multibeam bathymetry, geomorphic, sedimentologic, and paleontologic observations and quantify uplift rates using a Landscape Evolution Model. Along a margin‐normal profile, uplift rates are 1.3 m/ka near the edge of the continental shelf, 1.5 m/ka at the emerged Santa María Island, −0.1 m/ka at the center of the Arauco Bay, and 0.3 m/ka in the mainland. The bathymetry images a complex pattern of folds and faults representing the surface expression of the crustal‐scale Santa María splay‐fault system. We modeled surface deformation using two different structural scenarios: deep‐reaching normal faults and deep‐reaching reverse faults with shallow extensional structures. Our preferred model comprises a blind reverse fault extending from 3 km depth down to the plate interface at 16 km that slips at a rate between 3.0 and 3.7 m/ka. If all the splay‐fault slip occurs during every great megathrust earthquake, with a recurrence of ~150–200 years, the fault would slip ~0.5 m per event, equivalent to a magnitude ~6.4 earthquake. However, if the splay‐fault slips only with a megathrust earthquake every ~1000 years, the fault would slip ~3.7 m per event, equivalent to a magnitude ~7.5 earthquake.
Stokes‐Einstein relation in liquid iron‐nickel alloy up to 300 GPa
Authors: Cao Q.‐L. , Wang P.‐P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMolecular dynamic simulations were applied to investigate the Stokes‐Einstein relation (SER) and the Rosenfeld entropy scaling law (ESL) in liquid Fe0.9Ni0.1 over a sufficiently broad range of temperatures (0.70 < T/Tm < 1.85; Tm is melting temperature) and pressures (from 50 GPa to 300 GPa). Our results suggest that the SER and ESL hold well in the normal liquid region and break down in the supercooled region under high‐pressure conditions, and the deviation becomes larger with decreasing temperature. In other words, the SER can be used to calculate the viscosity of liquid Earth's outer core from the self‐diffusion coefficients of iron/nickel and the ESL can be used to predict the viscosity and diffusion coefficients of liquid Earth's outer core form its structural properties. In addition, the pressure dependence of effective diameters cannot be ignored in the course of using the SER. Moreover, ESL provides a useful, structure‐based probe for the validity of SER, while the ratio of the self‐diffusion coefficients of the components cannot be used as a probe for the validity of SER.
On the dynamics of the Mouth of the Columbia River: Results from a three‐dimensional fully coupled wave‐current interaction model
Authors: Akan Çiğdem , Moghimi Saeed , Özkan‐Haller H. Tuba , Osborne John , Kurapov Alexander 
Published: May 2017

AbstractNumerical simulations were performed using a 3‐D ocean circulation model (ROMS) two‐way coupled to a phase‐averaged wave propagation model (SWAN), to expand our understanding of the dynamics of wave‐current interactions at the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR). First, model results are compared with water elevations, currents, temperature, salinity, and wave measurements obtained by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers during the Mega‐Transect Experiment in 2005. We then discuss the effects of the currents on the waves and vice versa. Results show that wave heights are intensified notably at the entrance of the mouth in the presence of the tidal currents, especially in ebb flows. We also find nonlocal modifications to the wave field because of wave focusing processes that redirect wave energy toward the inlet mouth from adjacent areas, resulting in the presence of a tidal signatures in areas where local currents are weak. The model also suggests significant wave amplification at the edge of the expanding plume in the later stages of ebb, some tens of kilometers offshore of the inlet mouth, with potential implications for navigation safety. The effect of waves on the location of the plume is also analyzed, and results suggest that the plume is shifted in the down‐wave direction when wave effects are considered, and that this shift is more pronounced for larger waves, and consistent with the presence of alongshore advection terms in the salt advection equation, which are related to the Stokes velocities associated with waves.
Large‐scale experimental observations of sheet flow on a sandbar under skewed‐asymmetric waves
Authors: Mieras Ryan S. , Puleo Jack A. , Anderson Dylan , Cox Daniel T. , Hsu Tian‐Jian 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA novel large wave flume experiment was conducted on a fixed, barred beach with a sediment pit on the sandbar, allowing for the isolation of small‐scale bed response to large‐scale forcing. Concurrent measurements of instantaneous sheet layer sediment concentration profiles and near‐bed velocity profiles were obtained on a sandbar for the first time. Two sediment distributions were used with median grain diameters,
, of 0.17 and 0.27 mm. Sheet flow occurred primarily under wave crests, where sheet thickness increased with increasing wave height. A proportionality constant,
, was used to relate maximum Shields parameter to maximum sheet thickness (normalized by
), with bed shear stress computed using the quadratic drag law. An enhanced sheet layer thickness was apparent for the smaller sediment experiments (
= 18.7), when directly compared to closed‐conduit oscillatory flow tunnel data (
= 10.6). However,
varied significantly (5 <
< 31) depending on the procedure used to estimate grain roughness,
, and wave friction factor,
. Three models for
were compared (keeping the model for
fixed): constant
= 2.5
, and two expressions dependent on flow intensity, derived from steady and oscillatory sheet flow experiments. Values of
varied by two orders of magnitude and exhibited an inverse relationship with
, where
∼ 30 for
of
(1) while
∼ 5 for
of
(100). Two expressions for
were also tested (with the steady flow‐based model for
), yielding a difference of 69% (
versus
).
Microbes influence the biogeochemical and optical properties of maritime Antarctic snow
Authors: Hodson A. J. , Nowak A. , Cook J. , Sabacka M. , Wharfe E. S. , Pearce D. A. , Convey P. , Vieira G. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractSnowmelt in the Antarctic Peninsula region has increased significantly in recent decades, leading to greater liquid water availability across a more expansive area. As a consequence, changes in the biological activity within wet Antarctic snow require consideration if we are to better understand terrestrial carbon cycling on Earth's coldest continent. This paper therefore examines the relationship between microbial communities and the chemical and physical environment of wet snow habitats on Livingston Island of the maritime Antarctic. In so doing, we reveal a strong reduction in bacterial diversity and autotrophic biomass within a short (<1 km) distance from the coast. Coastal snowpacks, fertilized by greater amounts of nutrients from rock debris and marine fauna, develop obvious, pigmented snow algal communities that control the absorption of visible light to a far greater extent than with the inland glacial snowpacks. Absorption by carotenoid pigments is most influential at the surface, while chlorophyll is most influential beneath it. The coastal snowpacks also indicate higher concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon and CO2in interstitial air, as well as a close relationship between chlorophyll and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). As a consequence, the DOC resource available in coastal snow can support a more diverse bacterial community that includes microorganisms from a range of nearby terrestrial and marine habitats. Therefore, since further expansion of the melt zone will influence glacial snowpacks more than coastal ones, care must be taken when considering the types of communities that may be expected to evolve there.
Eddy‐induced sea surface temperature gradients in Eastern Boundary Current Systems
Authors: Yuan Yeping , Castelao Renato M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMany processes are known to influence the distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) fronts in Eastern Boundary Current Systems (EBCS), including wind forcing, mesoscale activity, flow instabilities, and flow‐topography interactions. Here we used satellite observations to quantify the relative importance of one of these processes, mesoscale eddy activity, on the distribution of SST gradients in EBCS. Eddies are characterized by large SST and SST gradient anomalies in all EBCS. At the end of the upwelling season, eddy‐induced SST gradients are dominant components of full SST gradients offshore of 300 km from the coast, especially in regions of high eddy activity. Comparisons between eddy‐induced and full SST gradients in the California Current System indicate that the offshore migration of mesoscale eddies plays a significant role on the seasonal widening of the region of high frontal activity. SST gradients associated with anticyclonic eddies are largest within 400 km from shore, while the signature of cyclones can extend for up to 700 km from the coast.
Partial duplication of DHH causes minifascicular neuropathy
Authors: Sato Naoko Saito , Maekawa Risa , Ishiura Hiroyuki , Mitsui Jun , Naruse Hiroya , Tokushige Shin‐ichi , Sugie Kazuma , Tate Genshu , Shimizu Jun , Goto Jun , Tsuji Shoji , Shiio Yasushi 
Published: May 2017

AbstractMinifascicular neuropathy (MN) is an extremely rare developmental malformation in which peripheral nerves are composed of many small fascicles. Only one patient with MN with 46XY gonadal dysgenesis (GD) was found to carry a mutation affecting the start codon in desert hedgehog (DHH). We identified an identical novel rearrangement mutation of DHH in two consanguineous families with MN, confirming mutations in DHH cause MN with 46XY GD. The patients with the 46XY karyotype developed GD, whereas a patient with the 46XX karyotype did not. These findings further support that DHH has important roles in perineural formation and male gonadal differentiation.
Catalytic Asymmetric [3+3] Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with C3‐Substituted 2‐Indolylmethanols
Authors: Sun Xiao‐Xue , Li Can , He Ying‐Ying , Zhu Zi‐Qi , Mei Guang‐Jian , Shi Feng 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe first catalytic asymmetric [3+3] cycloaddition of azomethine ylides with C3‐substituted 2‐indolylmethanols has been established, leading to diastereo‐ and enantioselective construction of a tetrahydropyrimido[1,6‐a]indole framework (up to 91% yield, >95:5 dr, 98:2 er). This reaction also represents a new type of catalytic enantioselective [3+3] cycloaddition using azomethine ylides.magnified image
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide‐Dependent Redox‐Neutral Convergent Cascade for Lactonizations with Type II Flavin‐Containing Monooxygenase
Authors: Huang Lei , Romero Elvira , Ressmann Anna K. , Rudroff Florian , Hollmann Frank , Fraaije Marco W. , Kara Selin 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)‐dependent redox‐neutral convergent cascade composed of a recently discovered type II flavin‐containing monooxygenase (FMO−E) and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (HLADH) has been established. Two model reaction cascades were analyzed for the synthesis of γ‐butyrolactone and chiral bicyclic lactones. In the former cascade, all substrates were converted into one single product γ‐butyrolactone with high atom efficiency. More than 130 mM γ‐butyrolactone were obtained when applying 100 mM cyclobutanone and 50 mM 1,4‐butanediol in this cascade. In the second cascade where bicyclo[4.2.0]octan‐7‐one and cis‐1,2‐cyclohexanedimethanol were coupled, the ketone substrate was converted to the corresponding normal lactone with an ee value of 89–74% (3aS, 7aS) by FMO−E alone and the abnormal lactone with an ee value of >99% (3aR, 7aS) was formed by both HLADH and FMO−E.magnified image
Visible‐Light‐Mediated Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling: Synthesis of Nonsymmetrical Atropisomeric Biaryls
Authors: Wang Junlei , Zhao Yating , Gao Han , Gao Guo‐Lin , Yang Chao , Xia Wujiong 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe direct cross‐dehydrogenative coupling reactions of 2‐naphthylamine/2‐naphthol derivatives with aniline/phenol derivatives for the preparation of nonsymmetrical atropisomeric biaryl compounds, especially BINOL‐type biaryls, using a photocatalyst with irradiation under blue LEDs at room temperature, are described. This protocol provides efficient and simple access to nonsymmetrical atropisomeric biaryls in good yields, which are often found in natural products and are useful for materials chemistry.
Ausgewählte Kupfer‐katalysierte Reaktionen für die Bildung von C‐N‐, C‐O‐, C‐S‐ und C‐C‐Bindungen
Authors: Bhunia Subhajit , Pawar Govind Goroba , Kumar S. Vijay , Jiang Yongwen , Ma Dawei 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDie metallkatalysierte Kreuzkupplung ist eine der wichtigsten Umwandlungen der organischen Synthese. Aufgrund der geringen Toxizität und des günstigen Preises von Kupfer hat die Kupferkatalyse viel Interesse geweckt. Die traditionelle Ullmann‐Kupplung hat jedoch eine geringe Substratbreite und erfordert harsche Reaktionsbedingungen. In den vergangenen zwei Jahrzehnten wurden zweizähnige Liganden, z. B. Aminosäuren, Diamine, 1,3‐Diketone und Oxalsäurediamide, eingeführt, die Cu‐katalysierte Kupplungen von Arylhalogeniden und Nucleophilen sowohl bei niedrigen Temperaturen als auch in katalytischer Weise ermöglichen. Dadurch ist die Cu‐vermittelte Kreuzkupplung zu einer attraktiven Reaktion für die akademische Forschung und die Industrie geworden. Dieser Aufsatz fasst Fortschritte bei Kupplungen von (Hetero)Arylhalogeniden mit verschiedenen Nucleophilen zusammen und stellt Entwicklungen bei Cu‐katalysierten Kupplungen mit Arylboronaten und Cu‐vermittelten Trifluormethylierungen von aromatischen Elektrophilen vor.
Enantiopure Cycloiridiated Complexes Bearing a Pentahelicenic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene and Displaying Long‐Lived Circularly Polarized Phosphorescence
Authors: Hellou Nora , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Favereau Ludovic , Zinna Francesco , Caytan Elsa , Toupet Loïc , Dorcet Vincent , Jean Marion , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Williams J. A. Gareth , Di Bari Lorenzo , Autschbach Jochen , Crassous Jeanne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractA fused π‐helical N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) system was prepared and examined through its diastereoisomerically pure cycloiridiated complexes. The latter display light‐green phosphorescence with unusually long lifetimes and circular polarization that depends on both the helical NHC P/M stereochemistry and the iridium Δ/Λ stereochemistry. These unprecedented features are attributed to extended π conjugation within the helical carbenic ligand and efficient helicene‐NHC–Ir interaction.
Evaluation by medical students of the educational value of multi‐material and multi‐colored three‐dimensional printed models of the upper limb for anatomical education
Authors: Mogali Sreenivasulu Reddy , Yeong Wai Yee , Tan Heang Kuan Joel , Tan Gerald Jit Shen , Abrahams Peter H. , Zary Nabil , Low‐Beer Naomi , Ferenczi Michael Alan 
Published: May 2017

For centuries, cadaveric material has been the cornerstone of anatomical education. For reasons of changes in curriculum emphasis, cost, availability, expertise, and ethical concerns, several medical schools have replaced wet cadaveric specimens with plastinated prosections, plastic models, imaging, and digital models. Discussions about the qualities and limitations of these alternative teaching resources are on‐going. We hypothesize that three‐dimensional printed (3DP) models can replace or indeed enhance existing resources for anatomical education. A novel multi‐colored and multi‐material 3DP model of the upper limb was developed based on a plastinated upper limb prosection, capturing muscles, nerves, arteries and bones with a spatial resolution of ∼1 mm. This study aims to examine the educational value of the 3DP model from the learner's point of view. Students (n = 15) compared the developed 3DP models with the plastinated prosections, and provided their views on their learning experience using 3DP models using a survey and focus group discussion. Anatomical features in 3DP models were rated as accurate by all students. Several positive aspects of 3DP models were highlighted, such as the color coding by tissue type, flexibility and that less care was needed in the handling and examination of the specimen than plastinated specimens which facilitated the appreciation of relations between the anatomical structures. However, students reported that anatomical features in 3DP models are less realistic compared to the plastinated specimens. Multi‐colored, multi‐material 3DP models are a valuable resource for anatomical education and an excellent adjunct to wet cadaveric or plastinated prosections. Anat Sci Educ 11: 54–64. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.