bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of continuous negative pressure after open debridement for septic arthritis of the shoulder
Authors: Jung H. J. , Song J. H. , Kekatpure A. L. , Adikrishna A. , Hong H. P. , Lee W. J. , Chun J. M. , Jeon I. H. 
Published: May 2016

Aims The treatment of septic arthritis of the shoulder is challenging. The infection frequently recurs and the clinical outcome can be very poor. We aimed to review the outcomes following the use of continuous negative pressure after open debridement with a large diameter drain in patients with septic arthritis of the shoulder. Patients and Methods A total of 68 consecutive patients with septic arthritis of the shoulder underwent arthrotomy, irrigation and debridement. A small diameter suction drain was placed in the glenohumeral joint and a large diameter drain was placed in the subacromial space with continuous negative pressure of 15 cm H2O. All patients received a standardised protocol of antibiotics for a mean of 5.1 weeks (two to 11.1). Results Negative pressure was maintained for a mean of 24 days (14 to 32). A total of 67 patients (98.5%) were cured without further treatment being required. At a mean follow-up of 14 months (three to 72), the mean forward flexion was 123° (80° to 140°) and the mean external rotation was 28°(10° to 40°) in those with a rotator cuff tear, and 125° (85° to 145°) and 35° (15° to 45°) in those without a rotator cuff tear. Conclusion Continuous negative pressure, following open arthrotomy, irrigation and debridement, was effective in treating septic arthritis of the shoulder. The rate of recurrence was significantly lower than with conventional treatment involving arthroscopic or open debridement reported in the literature. Functional outcomes, even in patients with rotator cuff tears, were excellent. Take home message: Continuous negative pressure is effective in treating septic arthritis of the shoulder. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:660–5.
The epidemiology of fractures of the scaphoid
Authors: Garala K. , Taub N. A. , Dias J. J. 
Published: May 2016

Aims This study explores the epidemiology of patients with a fracture of the scaphoid presenting to a regional teaching hospital. Patients and Methods All patients with a confirmed fracture of the scaphoid over a retrospective period between January 2010 and May 2013 were included. Their demographics, deprivation status and when the fracture occurred was noted and assessed. There were 415 fractures in 365 males and 50 females. Results The incidence of fracture of the scaphoid was 12.4 in 100 000 each year in the general population. The mean age of the patients was 22 years (nine to 35); the highest incidence was in males aged between 15 and 19 years. We calculate the annual incidence in the United Kingdom to be 7265 each year. Patients with the lowest socioeconomic status had an incidence of 18.57 in 100 000 whereas the least deprived patients had an incidence of 9.98 (p < 0.001). There was evidence of a seasonal trend (p = 0.022) with the highest monthly rate found in June (16.96 in 100 000 each year) and the lowest was in December (7.61 in 100 000 each year). There were significantly fewer presentations of fracture at the weekend (p < 0.001), and the highest incidence was on Mondays. Most fractures occurred at the waist (64%) and tubercle (18.1%). Take home message: In this large-scale epidemiological study, we confirmed that young men are most at risk of sustaining a fracture of the scaphoid, and report new factors in relation to social deprivation and seasonality that influence scaphoid fractures. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:654–9.
Efficiency and safety of ondansetron in preventing postanaesthesia shivering
Authors: He k , Zhao H , Zhou HC 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Shivering is one of the most frequent complications of operation during the postanaesthesia period. Ondansetron has been proved to be valid in preventing postanaesthesia shivering (PAS) in several studies. However, its efficiency and safety are still disputable. We therefore performed an updated meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for evaluation and to clarify this issue. Methods A literature search using the PubMed, Embase™ and Cochrane Library databases was performed (from inception to January 2015). RCTs that evaluated the efficiency and safety of ondansetron in the prevention of PAS were included in the meta-analysis. The primary outcome measure was incidence of PAS, and secondary outcomes included subgroup analysis and the side effects of ondansetron. Results A total of 8 RCTs containing 905 subjects were identified as suitable for this review. Compared with placebo, ondansetron was associated with a significant reduction of PAS (relative risk [RR]: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19–0.58, p=0.0001) while no difference was detected between ondansetron and pethidine (RR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.41–1.94, p=0.78). There was no significant difference between ondansetron and placebo or pethidine in terms of risk of bradycardia but ondansetron was associated with a lower risk of hypotension (RR: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.08–0.79, p=0.020) than placebo. There was no difference in hypotension when ondansetron was compared with pethidine. Conclusions Ondansetron can prevent PAS effectively and reduce the risk of hypotension.
First-line tracheal resection and primary anastomosis for postintubation tracheal stenosis
Authors: Elsayed H , Mostafa AM , Soliman S , Shoukry T , El-Nori AA , El-Bawab HY 
Published: May 2016

Introduction Tracheal stenosis following intubation is the most common indication for tracheal resection and reconstruction. Endoscopic dilation is almost always associated with recurrence. This study investigated first-line surgical resection and anastomosis performed in fit patients presenting with postintubation tracheal stenosis. Methods Between February 2011 and November 2014, a prospective study was performed involving patients who underwent first-line tracheal resection and primary anastomosis after presenting with postintubation tracheal stenosis. Results A total of 30 patients (20 male) were operated on. The median age was 23.5 years (range: 13–77 years). Seventeen patients (56.7%) had had previous endoscopic tracheal dilation, four (13.3%) had had tracheal stents inserted prior to surgery and one (3.3%) had undergone previous tracheal resection. Nineteen patients (63.3%) had had a tracheostomy. Eight patients (26.7%) had had no previous tracheal interventions. The median time of intubation in those developing tracheal stenosis was 20.5 days (range: 0–45 days). The median length of hospital stay was 10.5 days (range: 7–21 days). The success rate for anastomoses was 96.7% (29/30). One patient needed a permanent tracheostomy. The in-hospital mortality rate was 3.3%: 1 patient died from a chest infection 21 days after surgery. There was no mortality or morbidity in the group undergoing first-line surgery for de novo tracheal lesions. Conclusions First-line tracheal resection with primary anastomosis is a safe option for the treatment of tracheal stenosis following intubation and obviates the need for repeated dilations. Endoscopic dilation should be reserved for those patients with significant co-morbidities or as a temporary measure in non-equipped centres.
The impact of The Royal College of Surgeons of England research fellowship scheme
Authors: Shalhoub J , Cromwell D , Coomer M , Alderson D 
Published: May 2016

Introduction The research fellowship scheme for surgeons in training run by The Royal College of Surgeons of England (RCS) had its 20th anniversary in 2013. A survey was undertaken to assess outcomes of the scheme during those 20 years. Methods Fellowship recipients were invited to complete an online 20-item questionnaire about their fellowship research and research activities since its completion. The questionnaire covered type of research undertaken, higher research degree enrolment, publications resulting from the fellowship research and subsequent research career. Results Of the 502 RCS fellowship recipients, 361 responded (72%). Their research covered a broad array of topics, Almost two-thirds (62%) undertook laboratory-based research and most of the remainder conducted patient-based clinical research. The vast majority (96%) of respondents had enrolled for a higher degree, with a high completion rate: 91% of fellowship recipients in the first 15 years of the scheme obtained their degree. Of the fellowships from the first 15 years of the scheme, between a fifth and a third of recipients subsequently held an academic position. The median number of peer reviewed articles and presentations per recipient was 3 and 6 respectively. Almost two-thirds (60%) of respondents had obtained funding for further research, with over half of these receiving grants from national research funding bodies. Conclusions The RCS research fellowship scheme has helped trainee surgeons to undertake research towards the start of their career. Most trainees used RCS fellowships as part of their funding towards a higher degree and this was regularly achieved, along with a number of peer reviewed publications. A significant proportion of fellowship recipients progressed into academic positions in surgery.
Creating aesthetic, institutional and symbolic boundaries in fashion photo shoots
Authors: Van Der Laan Elise , Kuipers Giselinde 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This study proposes a ‘bottom-up’, micro-sociological analysis of cultural production. Drawing on detailed observations of fashion photo shoots and interviews with fashion professionals in the Netherlands, we analyse how the division between ‘high’ (editorial) and ‘low’ (commercial) culture is produced in the fashion field. Our ethnographic analysis complements structuralist or institutionalist approaches like Bourdieu’s field theory, that assume an almost mechanical reproduction of field structure. Combining insights from existing ethnographies of fashion photography, with interaction ritual theory, and symbolic interactionism, we looked at a unique instance of cultural co-creation – the fashion photo shoot – to investigate how field structure and social practice come together in ‘doing aesthetics’. A step-by-step analysis of the ‘ingredients’ of a photo shoot, from finance, props and set to the model’s poses and the photographer’s style shows how the symbolically charged boundary between high and low fashion is made in concrete, embodied interactions, where it manifests itself simultaneously as institutional divide, aesthetic system and symbolic boundary. People producing fashion images experience structures and institutions as practical, aesthetic or institutional constraints and routines that provide both a conceptual framework and room for negotiation. Thus, during aesthetic interactions, people reproduce and produce boundaries, standards and conventions.
Performative fashion discourse: Vogue Paris and Elsa Schiaparelli
Authors: Papalas Marylaura 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
What happens when fashion design is converted into language? Roland Barthes’s thought-provoking question, from his 1967 influential book on the significance of language in fashion magazines, entitled Système de la Mode, frames this inquiry. Looking at the representations of Schiaparelli designs in Vogue Paris between 1936 and 1938, when the designer collaborated most with surrealist artists, this study traces the process whereby the French magazine appropriates Surrealism in order to present a restrained vision of experimental design. Contrary to the revolutionary message of Schiaparelli’s original creations, Vogue’s renditions of them are familiar and glamorous, generating a narrow ideological discourse that redefines Surrealism as a consumable product.
Long live the (im)material: Concept and materiality in Viktor&Rolf’s fashion
Authors: Bruggeman Danielle , Van de Peer Aurélie 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
This article seeks to challenge the way in which journalistic and academic discourses on the conceptual fashion of Dutch designers Viktor&Rolf privilege ideas over the materiality of fashion. Whereas Viktor&Rolf have been considered predominantly as late-twentieth-century conceptual designers, we aim to offer an alternative reading of Viktor&Rolf’s fashion practices. Through a detailed visual analysis of renowned Viktor&Rolf collections, Russian Doll (Autumn/Winter 1999–2000) and Glamour Factory (Autumn/Winter 2010–11), and a discourse analysis of the reception of these collections in the international fashion press, we propose to rethink their conceptual approach through a material lens. Reflecting on the dominant discourse of the conceptual in the field of fashion studies, we develop an argument on the inextricable entanglement of concept and materiality in terms of a material-discursive ‘intra-action’ (Barad 1996, 2003; Parkins 2008). Instead of viewing the materiality of fashion as a blank slate awaiting signification, we offer a reconceptualization of how the meanings, signs, values, concepts and ideas of fashion objects, and their material expression, are mutually constituted. By doing so, we provide a fresh perspective on the ways in which Viktor&Rolf’s work can be understood as an intimate encounter between concept and materiality.
One Tool Amongst Many: Considering the Political Potential of Neighbourhood Planning for the Greater Carpenters Neighbourhood, London
Authors: Sagoe Cecil 
Published: May 2016

Currently within English planning literature there are polarizing debates about whether neighbourhood planning represents a politically useful tool for communities to utilize to challenge and shape top-down government development plans for their neighbourhood. One side of the debate optimistically presents neighbourhood planning as a radical and exciting opportunity for communities who wish to shape development plans for their locality. On the other side of the debate neighbourhood planning is denounced as a post-political governance technology which does not enable communities to meaningfully challenge and shape government development plans for their neighbourhood. This paper will engage with these competing perspectives whilst exploring how the Greater Carpenters Neighbourhood Forum (GCNF) are using neighbourhood planning to try and protect housing on the Carpenters Estate, a council estate in Stratford, east London.
This paper begins by providing a brief introduction to community participation in planning in England. Subsequently, this paper discusses benefits and challenges communities face engaging with formal planning mechanisms before specifically exploring perspectives on the challenges of using neighbourhood planning to realize their development aspirations for their neighbourhood. Drawing from interviews, planning document analysis, and ethnographic research carried out over the last year this paper then reflects on how neighbourhood planning is being deployed by the GCNF within a wider repertoire of community activities aimed at ensuring the protection and refurbishment of housing on the Carpenters Estate. Throughout this paper there will be reflection on whether participation in state planning processes represents a politically effective way for communities to shape development plans and outcomes for their neighbourhood. It will be argued that the political potential of neighbourhood planning for communities may be unlocked when it is pursued strategically in concert with a range of other actions aimed at challenging and shaping state development plans for a community’s neighbourhood.
Thinking creatively: Introducing new didactic methods into a course in English for Laboratory Technicians
Authors: Václavík Ladislav 
Published: May 2016

AbstractAs a prestigious institution, well-known for its progressive and dynamic teaching and research activities, the Language Centre of Masaryk University launched, in June 2012, the IMPACT Project, which came to a successful end in April 2015 and became one of the crucial turning points in its history. Among the numerous innovative activities included in the project, revision of the existing ESP courses has had a considerable importance both for teachers and students. As part of the project initiative, English for Laboratory Technicians is one of the courses which have undergone substantial changes. These concern primarily the curriculum, based originally on a textbook and rebuilt significantly so that its structure corresponds more closely to students’ needs. I argue that these changes prompted a shift in the teaching approach as the previously used textbook promoted different strategies. I first present a short, general introduction to this course and then describe its specific features. Three basic methodological building blocks underpinning the practical teaching process are then introduced and briefly discussed: the concept of creativity, collaborative learning and motivation. In the second part, the article outlines one particular teaching unit in order to demonstrate the practical impact of the theoretical starting points with a view to showing possible limitations as well as opportunities for making further progress in the development of successful teaching techniques.
iPads in medical language courses at the University of Helsinki
Authors: Wallinheimo Kirsi , Pitkänen Kari K. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn recent years, the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Helsinki has systematically developed and synchronized its teaching technology, and new iPad-based tools have been an important part of this development. The aim has been to provide the students and teachers in the faculty with synchronized tools that can be used as a basis of a shared platform, with all the materials, tools and applications functioning in exactly the same way on all the equipment used in interaction among the teacher and the students and for teaching medicine and dentistry. As language teachers at the University of Helsinki Language Centre, we have already used Moodle-based platforms and a flipped classroom strategy together with task (TBL) and problem-based learning (PBL) approaches in language teaching. The iPads provided by this faculty have been in active use during the sessions of our courses for medical and dental students. However, we have so far been unaware of how the students use their iPads outside the classroom. This survey-based study aimed at addressing this gap in knowledge by investigating how 75 medical students actually use their iPads especially in learning academic and professional English and Swedish. The results, combined with teacher expertise, will be used to further develop the language courses taught by the Language Centre.
Metaphors in the mirror: The influence of teaching metaphors in a medical education programme
Authors: Canziani Tatiana 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMedical students often face problems in using and understanding metaphors when communicating with a patient or reading a scientific paper. These figures of speech constitute an interpretative problem and students need key strategies to facilitate metaphor comprehension and disambiguation of meaning. This article examines how medical students’ strategies of metaphor comprehension could be improved by specific teaching on metaphors using a Cognitive Linguistics approach. Medical students’ ability to comprehend mirror neuron metaphors was assessed comparing the performance of students who did not receive any instruction about metaphoric extension strategies after a lesson on mirror neurons with the performance of students who received a special lesson both on mirror neurons and on metaphoric extension strategies. Students who received specific teaching on metaphor comprehension strategies performed better (85 %) and were more likely to use analogical reasoning and contextual clues than those who did not receive any specific teaching (55 %), who tended to adopt a violation strategy. Thus, their ability to give an exhaustive reinterpretation of metaphors seems to be affected by their ability to manage metaphoric extension strategies. These findings suggest that introducing a Cognitive Linguistics approach and using metaphoric extension strategies to aid metaphor comprehension may be an active and productive teaching strategy in a medical education programme.
Acute myocardial infarction in a premature infant on the first day of life
Authors: Ciarmoli Elena , Doni Daniela , Basciu Maria , Cuttin Maria Serena , Sinelli Maria Teresa , Tagliabue Paolo Emilio 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Neonatal myocardial infarction (MI) is a very rare but potentially life-threatening condition with an approximated mortality rate of 80%. Congenital heart disease, anomalous coronary artery anatomy, thromboembolism, coagulopathy, birth asphyxia or myocarditis have been suggested as possible causes of MI. Here we report the case of a premature infant who died at about 40 h of life from a massive MI. Autopsy revealed an occlusive thrombus in the right coronary artery. An isolated prothrombotic status, characterized by a double copy variant of the MTHFR A1298C mutation, was identified at the postmortem genetic studies as a possible explanation for the coronary artery thrombosis. No other risk factors were detected.
On competition and blocking in inflectional morphology: Evidence from the domainof number in New Persian
Authors: Naghzguy-Kohan Mehrdad , Kuteva Tania 
Published: May 2016

AbstractBlocking, as traditionally defined, refers to a situation where the mere presence of a form or pattern in language preempts the application of another form or pattern. Recent studies on blocking, especially in derivational morphology, have provided many examples which seriously cast doubt on the assumed discreteness of the notion. Using data from sizeable corpora, this paper seeks to address this issue in inflectional morphology. Within that domain, it is illustrated that – throughout time – there may have been an alternation between competing morphological patterns. In particular, pluralization by suffixation and transfixation, may have alternated in assuming the role of a blocker. On the basis of frequency data of inflectional classes in New Persian, it is shown that whenever there is an increase in the usage of either of these two strategies, there is also a decrease in application of the other. This alternation follows a neat and systematic pattern strongly suggesting that transfixation and suffixation have relative blocking effects on each other. It can therefore be concluded that there is essentially no need for one form, or a number of forms, to be eliminated in favor of a more productive one. In fact, competing forms can co-exist, decline and flourish alternatively, and thrive for centuries.
Verbal prefixation, construction grammar, and semantic compatibility: Evidence from the locative alternation in Polish
Authors: Lewandowski Wojciech 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis paper aims to analyze the interaction between prefixes, verbs, and abstract argument structure constructions, using as a testing ground the locative alternation. It has been assumed that in order to participate in the locative alternation, a verb must specify a manner of motion from which a change of state can be obtained (see, for instance, Steven Pinker’s