bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavioural ecology of defence in a risky environment: caterpillarsversusants in aNeotropical savanna
Authors: SENDOYA SEBASTIÁN F. , OLIVEIRA PAULO S. 
Published: May 2017

1. Predatory ants may reduce infestation by herbivorous insects, and slow‐movingLepidopteran larvae are often vulnerable on foliage. We investigate whether caterpillars with morphological or behavioural defences have decreased risk of falling prey to ants, and if defence traits mediate host plant use in ant‐rich cerrado savanna.2. Caterpillars were surveyed in four cerrado localities in southeastBrazil (70–460 km apart). The efficacy of caterpillar defensive traits against predation by two common ant species (Camponotus crassus,C. renggeri) was assessed through experimental trials using caterpillars of different species and captive ant colonies.3. Although ant presence can reduce caterpillar infestation, the ants' predatory effects depend on caterpillar defence traits. Shelter construction and morphological defences can prevent ant attacks (primary defence), but once exposed or discovered by ants, caterpillars rely on their size and/or behaviour to survive (secondary defence).4. Defence efficiency depends on ant identity:C. renggeri was more aggressive and lethal to caterpillars thanC. crassus. Caterpillars without morphological defences or inside open shelters were found on plants with decreased ant numbers. No unsheltered caterpillar was found on plants with extrafloral nectaries (EFNs). Caterpillars usingEFN‐bearing plants lived in closed shelters or presented morphological defences (hairs, spines), and were less frequently attacked by ants during trials.5. The efficiency of defences against ants is thus crucial for caterpillar survival and determines host plant use by lepidopterans in cerrado. Our study highlights the effect ofEFN‐mediated ant‐plant interactions on host plant use by insect herbivores, emphasizing the importance of a tritrophic viewpoint in risky environments.
Revisiting the Employment Effects of Minimum Wages in Europe
Authors: Christl Michael , Köppl-Turyna Monika , Kucsera Dénes 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe aim of this study is to estimate the relationship between the minimum wage and the employment rate of young individuals, taking into account potential non-linearity. In a cross-country setup of European countries, we find a significant nonlinear relationship between the minimum wages and employment rate of young individuals. Theoretically, while low minimum wages can indeed be positively associated with employment, after a certain level of the minimum wage, the relationship turns negative. This implies that there is an optimal level of minimum wages that maximizes the employment rate of young individuals. We additionally show that the negative relationship between minimum wages and employment of young workers is stronger if labor markets are otherwise strictly regulated and when workers are relatively unproductive. Using these results, we are able to calculate country-specific turning points and show that some European countries in our sample might in fact contribute to high unemployment rates among young individuals by setting minimum wages too high. However, in other European countries, especially the Eastern European countries, an increase in minimum wages (up to a certain level) might even lead to higher employment rates of young individuals.
Role of red blood cells in the anemia‐associated bleeding under high shear conditions
Authors: Yaoi H. , Shida Y. , Ogiwara K. , Hosokawa K. , Shima M. , Nogami K. 
Published: May 2017

BackgroundRed blood cells (RBCs) contribute to hemostasis under blood‐flow, and anemia might contribute to a hemorrhagic diathesis. The majority of current laboratory techniques to assess hemostasis do not consider the effects of RBCs. An assay to determine the role of RBCs in hemostasis could be beneficial for clinical management.ObjectivesTo investigate the influence of RBCs in hemostasis.MethodsHemostasis was investigated using a novel microchip flow‐chamber system (T‐TAS®) in an anemic patient with von Willebrand disease. Subsequently, the effects of RBCs in total thrombus analysis system (T‐TAS) were examined using reconstituted whole blood at various hematocrit levels.ResultsIn vivo: When the patient was anemic and demonstrated persisted hemorrhagic symptoms despite the maintained adequate von Willebrand factor ristocetin cofactor activity levels, thrombus formation determined by T‐TAS was delayed. However, transfusions of RBCs resolved bleeding symptom and, accordingly, the thrombus formation in T‐TAS improved. In vitro: Thrombus formation determined by T‐TAS at 1000 s−1 was dose‐dependent on hematocrit (the time to reach 10 kPa (T10): 10.0 ± 0, 9.5 ± 1.4, 6.7 ± 2.4, 2.8 ± 1.6 min at hematocrits of 0%, 12.5%, 25% and 50%, respectively). Markedly defective thrombus formation (T10 >10 min) was confirmed at a hematocrit <25% at 2000 s−1.ConclusionRed blood cells play an essential role in hemostasis under high shear, and RBC transfusions could be effective for refractory bleeding in patients with anemia. T‐TAS measurements appear to reflect the hemostatic consequences of diminished red cell numbers under blood‐flow, and could provide a valuable means for monitoring patients.
Zirconium oxide and niobium oxide used as radiopacifiers in a calcium silicate‐based material stimulate fibroblast proliferation and collagen formation
Authors: Silva G. F. , Guerreiro‐Tanomaru J. M. , da Fonseca T. S. , Bernardi M. I. B. , Sasso‐Cerri E. , Tanomaru‐Filho M. , Cerri P. S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimTo evaluate the influence of the addition of microparticulate (micro) and nanoparticulate (nano) zirconium oxide (ZrO2) and niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) to a calcium silicate‐based cement (CS) on the subcutaneous healing process in rats compared with MTA Angelus™.MethodologyIn each rat, two polyethylene tubes filled with the following materials: (i) MTA; (ii) CS + ZrO2micro; (iii) CS + ZrO2nano; (iv) CS + Nb2O5micro or (v) CS + Nb2O5nano were implanted subcutaneously; empty polyethylene tubes were used in the Control group. After 7, 15, 30 and 60 days, the specimens (n = 5 per group in each period) were fixed and embedded in paraffin. Masson's trichrome sections were used to obtain the volume density of the inflammatory cells (VvIC) and fibroblasts (VvFb). The sections were also stained with Picrosirius‐red to calculate the birefringent collagen content. Fibroblast growth factor‐1 (FGF‐1) was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the number of immunolabelled cells was obtained. The data were subjected to two‐way anova followed by Tukey's test (P ≤ 0.05).ResultsAt all periods, the VvIC was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in all the CS and Control groups than in the MTA group. At all periods, the VvFb was reduced significantly (P = 0.023) in the MTA group in comparison with the other groups. In addition, the number of immunolabelled cells in the capsules of the CS groups was significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in the MTA group at all time‐points.ConclusionsThe experimental materials (CS + ZrO2 and CS + Nb2O5) induced fibroblast proliferation and accelerated the regression of the inflammatory reaction. However, the addition of nanoparticulate radiopacifiers did not improve the biological properties of a calcium silicate‐based cement when compared to microparticulate agents.
Disentangling multi‐scale environmental effects on stream microbial communities
Authors: Jyrkänkallio‐Mikkola Jenny , Meier Sandra , Heino Jani , Laamanen Tiina , Pajunen Virpi , Tolonen Kimmo T. , Tolkkinen Mikko , Soininen Janne 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAimClimate change and anthropogenic environmental deterioration strongly affect aquatic microbial communities. Although microbes have irreplaceable roles in various ecosystems, the spatial variation in microbial communities has received less attention in comparison to macro‐organisms. Studies aiming to disentangle the effects of local environmental, catchment and climatic variables on microbial communities are also rare. Here, we disentangled the effects of local, catchment, spatial and climatic variables on boreal stream diatom and bacterial communities.LocationWestern FinlandMethodsWe sampled 21 boreal river basins comprising 105 study sites spanning 520 km in north‐south direction and 330 km in east‐west direction in western Finland. We used principal coordinates of neighbour matrix analysis (PCNM), redundancy analyses (RDA), variation partitioning, boosted regression trees (BRT) and regression analyses to examine variation in community composition and species richness.ResultsWater chemistry and physical variables had significant effects on the community composition of both microbial groups. Catchment level variables explained a slightly larger amount of variation in diatom community composition than local level variables. Agriculture was the most significant determinant of variation in diatom community composition among catchment level variables and was also related with variation in the richness of both groups. Of spatial and climatic variables, growing degree days (GDD) and spatial variables were the most significant drivers determining diatom community composition. GDD was also positively associated with the richness of diatoms and bacteria. Unique effects of spatial and climate variables accounted for the largest amount of variation in the community composition of both diatoms and bacteria.Main conclusionsOur results highlight that aquatic microbial communities can exhibit biogeographical variation at regional scales due to the joint influence of local, catchment and climatic variables, and possibly because of dispersal limitation. Catchment properties, especially agriculture, can be used as a proxy for the effects of landscape alteration on aquatic microbial communities.
Use of patient safety culture instruments in operating rooms: A systematic literature review
Authors: Zhao Pujng , Li Yaqin , Li Zhi , Jia Pengli , Zhang Longhao , Zhang Mingming 
Published: May 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo identify and qualitatively describe, in a literature review, how the instruments were used to evaluate patient safety culture in the operating rooms of published studies.MethodsSystematic searches of the literature were conducted using the major database including MEDLINE, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, and four Chinese databases including Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Wanfang Data, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and Chinese Journals Full‐text Database (CNKI) for studies published up to March 2016. We summarized and analyzed the country scope, the instrument utilized in the study, the year when the instrument was used, and fields of operating rooms. Study populations, study settings, and the time span between baseline and follow‐up phase were evaluated according to the study design.ResultsWe identified 1025 references, of which 99 were obtained for full‐text assessment; 47 of these studies were deemed relevant and included in the literature review. Most of the studies were from the USA. The most commonly used patient safety culture instrument was Safety Attitude Questionnaire. All identified instruments were used after 2002 and across many fields. Most included studies on patient safety culture were conducted in teaching hospitals or university hospitals. The study population in the cross‐sectional studies was much more than that in the before‐after studies. The time span between baseline and follow‐up phase of before‐after studies were almost over three months.ConclusionAlthough patient safety culture is considered important in health care and patient safety, the number of studies in which patient safety culture has been estimated using the instruments in operating rooms, is fairly small.
Bipolar disorder research 2.0: Web technologies for research capacity and knowledge translation
Authors: Michalak Erin E. , McBride Sally , Barnes Steven J. , Wood Chanel S. , Khatri Nasreen , Balram Elliott Nusha , Parikh Sagar V. ,   And the Collaborative RESearch Team to study psychosocial in Bipolar Disorder (CREST.BD)
Published: May 2017

AbstractRationale, aims and objectivesCurrent Web technologies offer bipolar disorder (BD) researchers many untapped opportunities for conducting research and for promoting knowledge exchange. In the present paper, we document our experiences with a variety of Web 2.0 technologies in the context of an international BD research network: The Collaborative RESearch Team to Study psychosocial issues in BD (CREST.BD).MethodsThree technologies were used as tools for enabling research within CREST.BD and for encouraging the dissemination of the results of our research: (1) the crestbd.ca website, (2) social networking tools (ie, Facebook, Twitter), and (3) several sorts of file sharing (ie YouTube, FileShare). For each Web technology, we collected quantitative assessments of their effectiveness (in reach, exposure, and engagement) over a 6‐year timeframe (2010‐2016).ResultsIn general, many of our strategies were deemed successful for promoting knowledge exchange and other network goals. We discuss how we applied our Web analytics to inform adaptations and refinements of our Web 2.0 platforms to maximise knowledge exchange with people with BD, their supporters, and health care providers.ConclusionsWe conclude with some general recommendations for other mental health researchers and research networks interested in pursuing Web 2.0 strategies.
Physicians Report Sleep Apnea Infrequently in Older and Older Vulnerable Adults
Authors: Namen Andrew M. , Forest Daniel J. , Huang Karen E. , Feldman Steven R. , Hazzard William R. , Peters Stephen P. , Haponik Edward F. 
Published: May 2017

ObjectivesTo determine how often outpatient physician visits detect sleep apnea (SA) in older persons in the United States.DesignRetrospective Analysis.SettingUS non hospital and hospital based clinics.ParticipantsUS physicians.MeasurementsNational Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data from 1993 to 2011 were used to assess the frequency of physicians' coding diagnoses of SA in persons aged 65 and older. Which specialties are most likely to report SA, the most‐common comorbid conditions reported with SA, and the likelihood of reporting SA in patient visits for dementia and preoperative care were assessed.ResultsFrom 1993 to 2011, physicians reported SA in 0.3% of all office visits in persons aged 65 and older. SA reported in visits increased from 130,000 in 1993 to 2,070,000 in 2011, with an annual per capita visit reporting rate of 0.07% to 0.74%. In older populations, the proportion of documented SA visits by specialists rose, and that of primary care providers decreased. Older adults with a diagnosis of SA had higher average number of comorbidities than those without SA (1.8 vs 1.3). Reporting SA was low in visits with a diagnosis of dementia and classified as a preoperative visits.ConclusionIn two nationwide surveys, SA reporting by physicians in elderly adults was 16 as greater in 2001 as in 1993, although reporting of SA remains infrequent (<1% of visits) even in vulnerable populations.
Potentials and Barriers for Tantalum Recovery from Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment
Authors: Ueberschaar Maximilian , Dariusch Jalalpoor Daniel , Korf Nathalie , Rotter Vera Susanne 
Published: May 2017

SummaryCircular economy approaches aim to close material cycles along the value chain. As such, the circular economy can be a long‐term strategy to mitigate the risks of critical raw material (CRM) supply. Tantalum, with a current end‐of‐life recycling rate of less than 1%, has been intermittently discussed as critical. Even though the specificity of tantalum applications and high‐mass fractions of tantalum in relevant components provide good boundary conditions, recycling barriers hinder the successful implementation of recycling technologies. With this case study, we identify potentials and barriers for implementing the recovery of CRM, using the example of tantalum. To this end, information about visually identifiable tantalum capacitors (VICs) and printed circuit boards (PCBs) in various equipment types was obtained by disassembly campaigns for mobile phones, smartphones, tablets, notebooks, desktop personal computers, flat screen monitors, servers, etc., and the chemical analyses of resulting fractions. Results show great differences in the application of tantalum in various equipment types. Because of this, the tantalum potential of put‐on‐market (POM) or of waste electric and electronic equipment (WEEE) devices differs between products and regions. Worldwide, the highest POM tantalum flows originate from desktop computers, but in Germany they originate from notebooks. A focus on particular products leads to higher yields in recycling and supports circular economy approaches. Recycling of tantalum from WEEE is generally possible. But an accurate separation of tantalum from PCBs is not feasible solely by separation of VICs. This process also leads to the loss of silver. Further, this study reveals potential miniaturization trends, decreasing the use of VICs, with an anticipated substitution of tantalum with niobium. These barriers impede long‐term recycling strategies for tantalum aimed at establishing a circular economy.
Energy Consumption Modeling of Stereolithography‐Based Additive Manufacturing Toward Environmental Sustainability
Authors: Yang Yiran , Li Lin , Pan Yayue , Sun Zeyi 
Published: May 2017

SummaryAdditive manufacturing (AM), also referred as three‐dimensional printing or rapid prototyping, has been implemented in various areas as one of the most promising new manufacturing technologies in the past three decades. In addition to the growing public interest in developing AM into a potential mainstream manufacturing approach, increasing concerns on environmental sustainability, especially on energy consumption, have been presented. To date, research efforts have been dedicated to quantitatively measuring and analyzing the energy consumption of AM processes. Such efforts only covered partial types of AM processes and explored inadequate factors that might influence the energy consumption. In addition, energy consumption modeling for AM processes has not been comprehensively studied. To fill the research gap, this article presents a mathematical model for the energy consumption of stereolithography (SLA)‐based processes. To validate the mathematical model, experiments are conducted to measure the real energy consumption from an SLA‐based AM machine. The design of experiments method is adopted to examine the impacts of different parameters and their potential interactions on the overall energy consumption. For the purpose of minimization of the total energy consumption, a response optimization method is used to identify the optimal combination of parameters. The surface quality of the product built using a set of optimal parameters is obtained and compared with parts built with different parameter combinations. The comparison results show that the overall energy consumption from SLA‐based AM processes can be significantly reduced through optimal parameter setting, without observable product quality decay.
Noninvasive imaging systems for gametes and embryo selection in IVF programs: a review
Authors: OMIDI MARJAN , FARAMARZI AZITA , AGHARAHIMI AZAM , KHALILI MOHAMMAD ALI 
Published: May 2017

SummaryOptimizing the efficiency of the in vitro fertilization procedure by improving pregnancy rates and reducing the risks of multiple pregnancies simultaneously are the primary goals of the current assisted reproductive technology program. With the move to single embryo transfers, the need for more cost‐effective and noninvasive methods for embryo selection prior to transfer is paramount. These aims require advancement in a more acquire gametes/embryo testing and selection procedures using high‐tech devices. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to evaluate the efficacy of noninvasive imaging systems in the current literatures, focusing on the potential clinical application in infertile patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology treatments. In this regards, three advanced imaging systems of motile sperm organelle morphology examination, polarization microscopy and time‐lapse monitoring for the best selection of the gametes and preimplantation embryos are introduced in full.
A proposed minimum data set for international primary care optometry: a modified Delphi study
Authors: Davey Christopher J. , Slade Sarah V. , Shickle Darren 
Published: May 2017

AbstractPurposeTo identify a minimum list of metrics of international relevance to public health, research and service development which can be extracted from practice management systems and electronic patient records in primary optometric practice.MethodsA two stage modified Delphi technique was used. Stage 1 categorised metrics that may be recorded as being part of a primary eye examination by their importance to research using the results from a previous survey of 40 vision science and public health academics. Delphi stage 2 then gauged the opinion of a panel of seven vision science academics and achieved consensus on contentious metrics and methods of grading/classification.ResultsA consensus regarding inclusion and response categories was achieved for nearly all metrics. A recommendation was made of 53 metrics which would be appropriate in a minimum data set.ConclusionsThis minimum data set should be easily integrated into clinical practice yet allow vital data to be collected internationally from primary care optometry. It should not be mistaken for a clinical guideline and should not add workload to the optometrist. A pilot study incorporating an additional Delphi stage prior to implementation is advisable to refine some response categories.
Assessing native desert vegetation recovery in a war‐affected area using multispectral and hyperspectral imagery: a case study of the Sabah Al‐Ahmad Nature Reserve, Kuwait
Authors: Abdullah Meshal M. , Addae‐Wireko Louis , Tena‐Gonzalez Georgina A. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe primary aim of this project was to assess vegetation changes in the Sabah Al‐Ahmad Nature Reserve, Kuwait, which is a war‐affected area following the Iraqi invasion in 1990. After the liberation in 1991, several portions of the reserve were under a restoration program. Remote sensing has been used as a tool to assess vegetation and land cover changes. We studied the feasibility of three common methods—the Mahalanobis distance (MD), maximum likelihood (ML), and support vector machine (SVM)—for classification of the multispectral imagery (Landsat) and hyperspectral (Hyperion). The reserve was also compared to the demilitarized zone (DMZ) located at Umm Nigga at the northern border of Kuwait, as it had recovered naturally, to distinguish between an autogenic recovery and a restored area. We discovered that the location was damaged during the military occupation, but a rapid recovery of the vegetation was then recorded in the reserve after the war from less than 1% measured in 1991 to 42% in 1998. Then, the vegetation cover significantly decreased in 2002 (26%) and slightly increased in 2013 (28%). We found that similar rapid increase in vegetation cover occurred in most parts of the reserve that was under the restoration program, and in the DMZ, which was naturally recovered. We concluded that remote sensing technologies are helpful tools in understanding the process of vegetation recovery as it provides information on location and timing of recovery, particularly where optimal condition exists.