bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell Factory Design and Optimization for the Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Compounds
Authors: Wiesinger Thomas , Bayer Thomas , Milker Sofia , Mihovilovic Marko D. , Rudroff Florian 
Published: October 2017

AbstractA synthetic cascade for the transformation of primary alcohols into polyhydroxylated compounds in Escherichia coli, through the in situ preparation of cytotoxic aldehyde intermediates and subsequent aldolase‐mediated C−C bond formation, has been investigated. An enzymatic toolbox consisting of alcohol dehydrogenase AlkJ from Pseudomonas putida and the dihydroxyacetone‐/hydroxyacetone‐accepting aldolase variant Fsa1‐A129S was applied. Pathway optimization was performed at the genetic and process levels. Three different arrangements of the alkJ and fsa1‐A129S genes in operon, monocistronic, and pseudo‐operon configuration were tested. The last of these proved to be most beneficial with regard to bacterial growth and protein expression levels. The optimized whole‐cell catalyst, combined with a refined solid‐phase extraction downstream purification protocol, provides diastereomerically pure carbohydrate derivatives that can be isolated in up to 91 % yield over two reaction steps.
Nintedanib treatment delays prostate dorsolateral lobe cancer progression in the TRAMP model: contribution to the epithelial‐stromal interaction balance
Authors: Nogueira Pangrazi Ellen , da Silva Raquel F. , Kido Larissa A. , Montico Fabio , Cagnon Valéria H. A. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractProstate cancer (PCa) progression mechanism has been linked to epithelial proliferation, tumor invasion ability, and growth factors. Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) has been reported as being FGF and VEGF pathway inhibitors, exhibiting antitumor activity. Thus, the objective herein was to characterize the early Nintedanib treatment effects on the structure and molecules involved in the basal membrane, the extracellular matrix (ECM) maintenance, in addition to the angiogenesis and mitogenic processes at different grades of prostatic tumor development in TRAMP mice. Therefore, 45 male TRAMP mice were divided into control groups: 8‐week‐old mice (TC8), 12‐week‐old mice (TC12), and 16‐week‐old mice (TC16); and treated groups with 10 mg/kg/day Nintedanib dose for 4 weeks. The treated groups were euthanized at 12 (TN12) and 16 (TN16) weeks of age. Samples from the dorsolateral lobe were collected and processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and microvessel density analysis. The results showed that early Nintedanib treatment led to an increase of healthy epithelium frequency and a reduction of LGPIN and a maximum vascularization density in the TN12 group. Also, treatment led to a well‐differentiated adenocarcinoma decrease and an α and β dystroglycan and also laminin 1 increase in the TN16 group. IGFR1 decreased in the TN16 group. To conclude, early Nintedanib treatment led to a reduction in cancer severity, interfering in both ECM compounds and angiogenesis process to then contribute to a balance, not only in the prostatic epithelium and stroma, but also in the epithelial‐stromal interaction during PCa progression.
Fractional flow reserve versus angiography guided percutaneous coronary intervention: An updated systematic review
Authors: Enezate Tariq , Omran Jad , Al‐Dadah Ashraf S. , Alpert Martin , White Christopher J. , Abu‐Fadel Mazen , Aronow Herbert , Cohen Mauricio , Aguirre Frank , Patel Mitul , Mahmud Ehtisham 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo compare outcomes of fractional flow reserve (FFR) to angiography (ANGIO) guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).BackgroundThe results of a recent randomized controlled trial reported unfavorable effects of routine measurement of FFR, thereby questioning its validity in improving clinical outcomes.MethodsMEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were queried from January, 2000 through December, 2016 and studies comparing FFR and ANGIO guided PCI were included. Clinical endpoints assessed during hospitalization and at follow‐up (>9 months) included: myocardial infarction (MI), major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), target lesion revascularization (TLR), and all‐cause mortality. Additional endpoints included number of PCIs performed, procedure cost, procedure time, contrast volume, and fluoroscopy time.ResultsA total of 51,350 patients (age 65 years, 73% male) were included from 11 studies. The use of FFR was associated with significantly lower likelihood of MI during hospitalization (OR 0.54, 95% CI: 0.39 to 0.75, P = 0.0003) and at follow‐up (OR 0.53, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.70, P = 0.00001). Similarly, FFR‐PCI was associated with lower in‐hospital MACE (OR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.37 to 0.70, P = 0.0001) and follow‐up MACE (OR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.47 to 0.86, P = 0.004). In‐hospital TLR was lower in the FFR‐PCI group (OR 0.62, 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.97, P = 0.04), but not at follow‐up (OR 0.83, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.37, P = 0.46). There was no difference of in‐hospital (OR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.31 to 1.09, P = 0.09) or follow‐up all‐cause mortality (OR 0.84, 95%CI: 0.59 to 1.20, P = 0.34). FFR‐PCI was associated with significantly less PCI (OR 0.04, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.15, P = 0.00001) with lower procedure cost (Mean Difference −4.27, 95% CI: −6.61 to −1.92, P = 0.0004). However, no difference in procedure time (Mean Difference 0.79, 95% CI: −2.41 to 3.99, P = 0.63), contrast use (Mean Difference −8.28, 95% CI: −24.25 to 7.68, P = 0.31) or fluoroscopy time (Mean Difference 0.38, 95% CI: −2.54 to 3.31, P = 0.80) was observed.ConclusionsFFR‐PCI as compared to ANGIO‐PCI is associated with lower in‐hospital and follow‐up MI and MACE rates. Although, in‐hospital TLR was lower in the FFR‐PCI group, this benefit was not present after 9 months. FFR‐PCI group was also associated with less PCI and lower procedure costs with no effect on procedure time, contrast volume or fluoroscopy time.
Vascular complications after balloon aortic valvuloplasty in recent years: Incidence and comparison of two hemostatic devices
Authors: Dall'Ara Gianni , Santarelli Andrea , Marzocchi Antonio , Bacchi Reggiani Maria Letizia , Sabattini Maria Rita , Moretti Carolina , Marrozzini Cinzia , Taglieri Nevio , Baldazzi Federica , Franco Nicoletta , Ortolani Paolo , Chiarabelli Matteo , Rodinò Giulio , Piovaccari Giancarlo , Rapezzi Claudio , Saia Francesco 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo define the incidence of vascular complications (VC) after balloon aortic valvuloplasty (BAV) in recent years, and to compare the performance of two vascular closure devices (VCD).BackgroundVC remain the most frequent drawback of BAV and are associated with adverse clinical outcomes.MethodsAll BAV procedures performed at 2 high‐volume centers over a 6‐year period (n = 930) were collected in prospective registries and investigated to assess the incidence of Valve Academic Research Consortium‐2 (VARC‐2) defined VC. Incidence of life‐threatening, major and minor bleeding was also assessed. In‐hospital major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) rate (composite of in‐hospital death, myocardial infarction, TIA/stroke, and life‐threatening bleeding) as well as 30‐day survival was compared between a suture‐mediated closure system and a collagen plug hemostatic device.ResultsA 9 Fr arterial sheath was used in most of the patients (84.1%). Vascular closure was obtained with the Angio‐Seal in 643 patients (69.1%) and the ProGlide in 287 (30.9%). The overall incidence of major VC was 2.7%, and minor VC 6.6%, without significant differences between groups. The Angio‐Seal group was associated with a higher rate of small hematomas (6.9% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.042), whilst blood transfusions were more frequent in the ProGlide group (6.6% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.034). Rates of in‐hospital MACCE and 30‐day survival were similar. Use of either VCD was not independently associated with major VC.ConclusionsVC rate after BAV is fairly low in experienced centers without major differences between the 2 most used VCD.
Hierarchically Structured NiFeOx/CuO Nanosheets/Nanowires as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Czioska Steffen , Wang Jianying , Zuo Shangshang , Teng Xue , Chen Zuofeng 
Published: October 2017

AbstractIt is desirable to fabricate hierarchically structured NiFe‐based materials to further boost the performance of these state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Most of the NiFeOx catalysts in the form of layered double hydroxides feature a nanosheet structure, which limits their spatial extension at the electrode substrate. Herein, we report the fabrication of unique NiFeOx/CuO nanosheets/nanowires and their use as efficient electrocatalysts for the OER. The surface‐bound Cu(OH)2 nanowires were grown in situ on a copper substrate by a simple solution‐based method, which were then converted to CuO nanowires by calcination in air. The coating of NiFeOx nanosheets was achieved by anodic co‐deposition in concentrated carbonate solution containing NiII and FeIII. The presence of concentrated carbonate anions allows FeIII to be dissolved in a basic solution by complex ion formation. This strategy therefore avoids the destruction of CuO nanowires caused by the usual cathodic procedure in acidic solutions. At a planar copper foil, a small Tafel slope of 36 mV dec−1 was obtained in 1 m KOH and a current density of 100 mA cm−2 was reached at a very low overpotential of 300 mV from the Tafel plot. Electrolysis experiments showed high stability of the catalyst with nearly no loss in efficiency and morphology change after a prolonged period. The same catalyst could be established on a three‐dimensional copper foam.
Electronic Structures of Mono‐Oxidized Copper and Nickel Phosphasalen Complexes
Authors: Mustieles Marín Irene , Cheisson Thibault , Singh‐Chauhan Rohit , Herrero Christian , Cordier Marie , Clavaguéra Carine , Nocton Grégory , Auffrant Audrey 
Published: October 2017

AbstractNon‐innocent ligands render the determination of the electronic structure in metal complexes difficult. As such, a combination of experimental techniques and quantum chemistry are required to correctly elucidate them. This paper deals with the one‐electron oxidation of copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes featuring a phosphasalen ligand (Psalen), which differs from salen analogues by the presence of iminophosphorane groups (P=N) instead of imines. Various experimental techniques (X‐ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, NMR, EPR, and UV/Vis spectroscopies, and magnetic measurements) as well as quantum chemical calculations were used to define the electronic structure of the oxidized complexes. These can be modified by a small change in the ligand structure, that is, the replacement of a tert‐butyl group by a methoxy on the phenoxide ring. The different techniques have allowed quantifying the amount of spin density located on the metal center and on the Psalen ligands. All complexes were found to possess a multi‐configurational ground state, in which the ratio of the +II versus +III oxidation state of the metal center, and therefore the phenolate versus phenoxyl radical ligand character, varies upon the substituents. The tert‐butyl group favors a strong localization on the metal center whereas with the methoxy group the metallic configurations decrease and the ligand configurations increase. The importance of the geometrical considerations compared with the electronic substituent effect is highlighted by the differences observed between the solid‐state (EPR, magnetic measurements) and solution characterizations (EPR and NMR data).
Saccharide‐Containing Dynamic Proteoids
Authors: Liu Yun , Stuart Marc C. A. , Witte Martin D. , Buhler Eric , Hirsch Anna K. H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractDynamic proteoids are dynamic covalent analogues of proteins, which can be used as new adaptive biomaterials. We designed and synthesized a range of sugar‐containing dynamic proteoid biodynamers based on the polycondensation of different types of amino acid and dipeptide hydrazides with a biological aliphatic dialdehyde and a nonbiological aromatic dialdehyde. By using the saccharide‐based dialdehyde, the biocompatibility of biodynamers should be enhanced compared to previously reported biodynamers.
Absolute configuration assignment of (+)‐fluralaner using vibrational circular dichroism
Authors: Kong John , Joyce Leo A. , Liu Jinchu , Jarrell Tiffany M. , Culberson J. Chris , Sherer Edward C. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe absolute configurations of the separated enantiomers of fluralaner, a racemic animal health product used to prevent fleas and ticks, have been assigned using vibrational circular dichroism (VCD). The crystallographic structure of the active enantiomer (+)‐fluralaner has previously been shown to have the (S) configuration using small molecule crystallography. We sought a faster analytical method to determine the absolute configuration of the separated enantiomers. When comparing the measured IR (infrared) and VCD spectra, it is apparent that the amide carbonyl groups appear in the IR but are nearly absent in the VCD. Computational work to calculate the VCD and IR using in vacuo models, implicit solvation, and explicitly solvated complexes has implicated conformational averaging of the carbonyl VCD intensities.
RIoTBench: An IoT benchmark for distributed stream processing systems
Authors: Shukla Anshu , Chaturvedi Shilpa , Simmhan Yogesh 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThe Internet of Things (IoT) is an emerging technology paradigm where millions of sensors and actuators help monitor and manage physical, environmental, and human systems in real time. The inherent closed‐loop responsiveness and decision making of IoT applications make them ideal candidates for using low latency and scalable stream processing platforms. Distributed stream processing systems (DSPS) hosted in cloud data centers are becoming the vital engine for real‐time data processing and analytics in any IoT software architecture. But the efficacy and performance of contemporary DSPS have not been rigorously studied for IoT applications and data streams. Here, we propose RIoTBench, a real‐time IoT benchmark suite, along with performance metrics, to evaluate DSPS for streaming IoT applications. The benchmark includes 27 common IoT tasks classified across various functional categories and implemented as modular microbenchmarks. Further, we define four IoT application benchmarks composed from these tasks based on common patterns of data preprocessing, statistical summarization, and predictive analytics that are intrinsic to the closed‐loop IoT decision‐making life cycle. These are coupled with four stream workloads sourced from real IoT observations on smart cities and smart health, with peak streams rates that range from 500 to 10 000 messages/second from up to 3 million sensors. We validate the RIoTBench suite for the popular Apache Storm DSPS on the Microsoft Azure public cloud and present empirical observations. This suite can be used by DSPS researchers for performance analysis and resource scheduling, by IoT practitioners to evaluate DSPS platforms, and even reused within IoT solutions.
Mono‐ and Di‐Alkylation Processes of DNA Bases by Nitrogen Mustard Mechlorethamine
Authors: Larrañaga Olatz , de Cózar Abel , Cossío Fernando P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe reactivity of nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine (mec) with purine bases towards formation of mono‐ (G‐mec and A‐mec) and dialkylated (AA‐mec, GG‐mec and AG‐mec) adducts has been studied using density functional theory (DFT). To gain a complete overview of DNA‐alkylation processes, direct chloride substitution and formation through activated aziridinium species were considered as possible reaction paths for adduct formation. Our results confirm that DNA alkylation by mec occurs via aziridine intermediates instead of direct substitution. Consideration of explicit water molecules in conjunction with polarizable continuum model (PCM) was shown as an adequate computational method for a proper representation of the system. Moreover, Runge–Kutta numerical kinetic simulations including the possible bisadducts have been performed. These simulations predicted a product ratio of 83:17 of GG‐mec and AG‐mec diadducts, respectively.
Transposon Insertion Site Sequencing (TIS‐Seq): An Efficient and High‐Throughput Method for Determining Transposon Insertion Site(s) and Their Relative Abundances in a PiggyBac Transposon Mutant Pool by Next‐Generation Sequencing
Authors: Veeranagouda Yaligara , Didier Michel 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThe PiggyBac (PB) transposon has emerged as a novel mutagenesis tool for understanding gene function and for phenotypic screening in eukaryotes. Successful screening of PB transposon mutants relies on efficient identification of transposon insertion site(s) (TIS) in mutant cells. However, currently available methods suffer from time‐consuming steps. Here, we present the method for transposon insertion site sequencing (TIS‐Seq) for high‐throughput identification of TIS in transposon mutants. TIS‐Seq provides qualitative and quantitative information on mutants present in a given PB transposon mutant library. TIS‐Seq also facilitates identification of TIS in up to 96 individual/hand‐picked mutants in a single MiniSeq/MiSeq run. TIS‐Seq is a versatile method that can be easily modified to identify TIS from any kind of transposon mutant, as long as one end of the DNA sequence is known. Therefore, TIS‐Seq is a promising method for transposon mutant screening. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Spatial early warning signals in a lake manipulation
Authors: Butitta Vince L. , Carpenter Stephen R. , Loken Luke C. , Pace Michael L. , Stanley Emily H. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractRapid changes in state have been documented for many of Earth's ecosystems. Despite a growing toolbox of methods for detecting declining resilience or early warning indicators (EWIs) of ecosystem transitions, these methods have rarely been evaluated in whole‐ecosystem trials using reference ecosystems. In this study, we experimentally tested EWIs of cyanobacteria blooms based on changes in the spatial structure of a lake. We induced a cyanobacteria bloom by adding nutrients to an experimental lake and mapped fine‐resolution spatial patterning of cyanobacteria using a mobile sensor platform. Prior to the bloom, we detected theoretically predicted spatial EWIs based on variance and spatial autocorrelation, as well as a new index based on the extreme values. Changes in EWIs were not discernible in an unenriched reference lake. Despite the fluid environment of a lake where spatial heterogeneity driven by biological processes may be overwhelmed by physical mixing, spatial EWIs detected an approaching bloom suggesting the utility of spatial metrics for signaling ecological thresholds.
Implications of historical interactions between herbivory and fire for rangeland management in African savannas
Authors: Venter Zander S. , Hawkins Heidi‐Jayne , Cramer Michael D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractHerbivory and fire are important drivers of ecosystem processes within African rangelands. We explore whether mid‐Holocene African savannas were dominated by herbivory as a means of cycling nutrients, and whether fire perhaps played a lesser role than today. Evidence from savanna ecology, paleoecology, and historical literature indicates higher herbivore densities in mid‐Holocene and pre‐colonial times compared to present. While fire may increase or decrease forage availability for herbivores, depending on the nutrient status of the environment, herbivory tends to decrease fire intensity and frequency by decreasing fuel loads. Given this competitive relationship between fire and herbivory and the higher herbivore densities of the past, we suggest that some fire‐dominated present‐day savannas are the product of anthropogenic alterations in herbivore and fire regimes, including the increasing use of fire as a tool for managing ecosystems. We discuss whether managing for an alternative stable state dominated by herbivory could stimulate ecosystem processes such as nutrient cycling and production, and whether this will achieve the same management objectives traditionally satisfied by fire. Management implications may include the adaptive manipulation of herbivore densities over time and space to maintain an appropriate carrying capacity for the rainfall and soil nutrient status of the area, occasional use of fire, and including a diversity of herbivore functional guilds.
Direct and context‐dependent effects of light, temperature, and phytoplankton shape bacterial community composition
Authors: Paver Sara F. , Kent Angela D. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSpecies interactions, environmental conditions, and stochastic processes work in concert to bring about changes in community structure. However, the relative importance of specific factors and how their combined influence affects community composition remain largely unclear. We conducted a multi‐factorial experiment to (1) disentangle the direct and interaction‐mediated effects of environmental conditions and (2) augment our understanding of how environmental context modulates species interactions. We focus on a planktonic system where interactions with phytoplankton effect changes in the composition of bacterial communities. Further, light and temperature conditions can influence bacteria directly as well as through their interactions with phytoplankton. Epilimnetic bacteria from two humic lakes were combined with phytoplankton assemblages from each lake (home or away) or a no‐phytoplankton control and incubated for 5 d under all combinations of light (surface, ~25% surface irradiance) and temperature (five levels from 10° to 25°C). Observed light effects were primarily direct, while phytoplankton and temperature effects on bacterial community composition were highly interdependent. The influence of temperature on aquatic bacteria was consistently mediated by phytoplankton and most pronounced for bacteria incubated with “away” phytoplankton treatments, likely due to the availability of novel phytoplankton‐derived resources. The effects of phytoplankton on bacterial community composition were generally increased at higher temperatures. Incorporating mechanisms underlying the observed interdependent effects of species interactions and environmental conditions into modeling frameworks may improve our ability to forecast ecological responses to environmental change.
Ly6Chigh monocytes facilitate transport of Murid herpesvirus 68 into inflamed joints of arthritic mice
Authors: LeBel Manon , Egarnes Benoit , Brunet Alexandre , Lacerte Patricia , Paré Alexandre , Lacroix Steve , Brown Jacques P. , Gosselin Jean 
Published: October 2017

AbstractViruses, particularly the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) has long been suspected to exacerbate acute arthritic symptoms. However, the cell populations that contribute to import viruses into the inflamed tissues remain to be identified. In the present study, we have investigated the role of monocytes in the transport of Murid herpesvirus 68 (MHV‐68), a mouse virus closely related to EBV, using the serum transfer‐induced arthritis (STIA) model. We found compelling evidence that MHV‐68 infection markedly increased disease severity in NR4A1−/− mice, which are deficient for Ly6Clow monocytes. In contrast, the MHV‐68‐induced enhancement of joint inflammation was lessened in CCR2−/− mice, suggesting the involvement of inflammatory Ly6Chigh monocytes in viral transport. We also observed that following selective depletion of monocyte subsets by administration of clodronate, MHV‐68 transport into the synovium occurs only in the presence of Ly6Chigh monocytes. Tracking of adoptively transferred Ly6Chigh GFP infected monocytes into arthritic CCR2−/− mice by two‐photon intravital microscopy showed that this monocyte subset has the capacity to deliver viruses to inflamed AR joints, as confirmed by the detection of viral DNA in inflamed tissues of recipient mice. We thus conclude that Ly6Chigh monocytes import MHV‐68 when they are mobilized to the inflamed arthritic joint.