bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contralateral migration of oculomotor neurons is regulated by Slit/Robo signaling
Authors: Bjorke Brielle , Shoja-Taheri Farnaz , Kim Minkyung , Robinson G. Eric , Fontelonga Tatiana , Kim Kyung-Tai , Song Mi-Ryoung , Mastick Grant S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background
Oculomotor neurons develop initially like typical motor neurons, projecting axons out of the ventral midbrain to their ipsilateral targets, the extraocular muscles. However, in all vertebrates, after the oculomotor nerve (nIII) has reached the extraocular muscle primordia, the cell bodies that innervate the superior rectus migrate to join the contralateral nucleus. This motor neuron migration represents a unique strategy to form a contralateral motor projection. Whether migration is guided by diffusible cues remains unknown.

Methods
We examined the role of Slit chemorepellent signals in contralateral oculomotor migration by analyzing mutant mouse embryos.

Results
We found that the ventral midbrain expresses high levels of both Slit1 and 2, and that oculomotor neurons express the repellent Slit receptors Robo1 and Robo2. Therefore, Slit signals are in a position to influence the migration of oculomotor neurons. In Slit 1/2 or Robo1/2 double mutant embryos, motor neuron cell bodies migrated into the ventral midbrain on E10.5, three days prior to normal migration. These early migrating neurons had leading projections into and across the floor plate. In contrast to the double mutants, embryos which were mutant for single Slit or Robo genes did not have premature migration or outgrowth on E10.5, demonstrating a cooperative requirement of Slit1 and 2, as well as Robo1 and 2. To test how Slit/Robo midline repulsion is modulated, we found that the normal migration did not require the receptors Robo3 and CXCR4, or the chemoattractant, Netrin 1. The signal to initiate contralateral migration is likely autonomous to the midbrain because oculomotor neurons migrate in embryos that lack either nerve outgrowth or extraocular muscles, or in cultured midbrains that lacked peripheral tissue.

Conclusion
Overall, our results demonstrate that a migratory subset of motor neurons respond to floor plate-derived Slit repulsion to properly control the timing of contralateral migration.
Preclinical study of mouse pluripotent parthenogenetic embryonic stem cell derivatives for the construction of tissue-engineered skin equivalent
Authors: Rao Yang , Cui Jihong , Yin Lu , Liu Wei , Liu Wenguang , Sun Mei , Yan Xingrong , Wang Ling , Chen Fulin 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Embryonic stem cell (ESC) derivatives hold great promise for the construction of tissue-engineered skin equivalents (TESE). However, harvesting of ESCs destroys viable embryos and may lead to political and ethical concerns over their application. In the current study, we directed mouse parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (pESCs) to differentiate into fibroblasts, constructed TESE, and evaluated its function in vivo.

Methods
The stemness marker expression and the pluripotent differentiation ability of pESCs were tested. After embryoid body (EB) formation and adherence culture, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were enriched and directed to differentiate into fibroblastic lineage. Characteristics of derived fibroblasts were assessed by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA. Functional ability of the constructed TESE was tested by a mouse skin defects repair model.

Results
Mouse pESCs expressed stemness marker and could form teratoma containing three germ layers. MSCs could be enriched from outgrowths of EBs and directed to differentiate into fibroblastic lineage. These cells express a high level of growth factors including FGF, EGF, VEGF, TGF, PDGF, and IGF1, similar to those of ESC-derived fibroblasts and mouse fibroblasts. Seeded into collagen gels, the fibroblasts derived from pESCs could form TESE. Mouse skin defects could be successfully repaired 15 days after transplantation of TESE constructed by fibroblasts derived from pESCs.

Conclusions
pESCs could be induced to differentiate into fibroblastic lineage, which could be applied to the construction of TESE and skin defect repair. Particularly, pESC derivatives avoid the limitations of political and ethical concerns, and provide a promising source for regenerative medicine.
Localization of human adipose-derived stem cells and their effect in repair of diabetic foot ulcers in rats
Authors: Shi Rongfeng , Jin Yinpeng , Cao Chuanwu , Han Shilong , Shao Xiaowen , Meng Lingyu , Cheng Jie , Zhang Meiling , Zheng Jiayi , Xu Jun , Li Maoquan 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is an intractable diabetic complication. Patients suffering from diabetes mellitus (DM) frequently present with infected DFUs. In this study, a wound healing model on diabetic rat foot was established to mimic the pathophysiology of clinical patients who suffer from DFUs. Our study aimed to explore the localization of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and the role of these cells in the repair of foot ulcerated tissue in diabetic rats, and thus to estimate the possibilities of adipose-derived stem cells for diabetic wound therapy.

Method
Sprague–Dawley rats were used to establish diabetic models by streptozotocin injection. A full-thickness foot dorsal skin wound was created by a 5 mm skin biopsy punch and a Westcott scissor. These rats were randomly divided into two groups: the hADSC-treated group and the phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) control group. The hADSC or PBS treatment was delivered through the left femoral vein of rats. We evaluated the localization of hADSCs with fluorescence immunohistochemistry and the ulcer area and ulcerative histology were detected dynamically.

Result
The hADSCs had a positive effect on the full-thickness foot dorsal skin wound in diabetic rats with a significantly reduced ulcer area at day 15. More granulation tissue formation, angiogenesis, cellular proliferation, and higher levels of growth factors expression were also detected in wound beds.

Conclusions
Our data suggest that hADSC transplantation has the potential to promote foot wound healing in diabetic rats, and transplantation of exogenous stem cells may be suitable for clinical application in the treatment of DFU.
Draft genome sequence of Micromonospora sp. DSW705 and distribution of biosynthetic gene clusters for depsipeptides bearing 4-amino-2,4-pentadienoate in actinomycetes
Authors: Komaki Hisayuki , Ichikawa Natsuko , Hosoyama Akira , Hamada Moriyuki , Harunari Enjuro , Ishikawa Arisa , Igarashi Yasuhiro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHere, we report the draft genome sequence of Micromonospora sp. DSW705 (=NBRC 110037), a producer of antitumor cyclic depsipeptides rakicidins A and B, together with the features of this strain and generation, annotation, and analysis of the genome sequence. The 6.8 Mb genome of Micromonospora sp. DSW705 encodes 6,219 putative ORFs, of which 4,846 are assigned with COG categories. The genome harbors at least three type I polyketide synthase (PKS) gene clusters, one nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters, and three hybrid PKS/NRPS gene clusters. A hybrid PKS/NRPS gene cluster encoded in scaffold 2 is responsible for rakicidin synthesis. DNA database search indicated that the biosynthetic gene clusters for depsipeptides bearing 4-amino-2,4-pentadienoate are widely present in taxonomically diverse actinomycetes.
Hyperacute stroke unit training for paramedics
Authors: Haran H , Bhalla Ajay , Cluckie Gillian , Birns Jonathan 
Published: October 2016

Background The best outcomes for acute stroke treatment occur through rapid recognition and transfer of patients to hospitals with a hyperacute stroke unit (HASU). Pre-hospital ambulance paramedics are crucial to this process as first responders, but they have limited feedback on subsequent patient care and progress to improve their learning. Methods A dedicated stroke training course for paramedics was developed on a HASU that involved a standardised introductory educational briefing and subsequent participation in clinical activities with multidisciplinary HASU staff. On completion of the course, attendees completed a standardised semi-structured questionnaire about their learning and experience. All text was thematically analysed and themes were developed by iteratively recoding and regrouping the data. Results 30 paramedics attended the training course over a three-month period. All candidates reported that the course was useful to their learning and training with ‘real-world’ transferability; 93% stated that they benefited from observing clinicians performing assessments on patients and 73% commented that they gained a better understanding of care pathways and treatment. These two themes encompassed 48% of 160 free-text responses with the other responses being grouped into four further themes (improved patient/family communication, increased awareness of subtle signs of stroke, localisation of intracranial pathology, and improved ‘handover’). Discussion This single centre experience of HASU training for paramedics demonstrated a number of key educational themes embedded within the stroke care pathway. This process may be a useful additional educational resource to develop further paramedic training in the hyperacute arena.
Age-related effects on osteoclastic activities after orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Li X. , Li M. , Lu J. , Hu Y. , Cui L. , Zhang D. , Yang Y. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectivesTo elucidate the effects of age on the expression levels of the receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoclasts in the periodontal ligament during orthodontic mechanical loading and post-orthodontic retention.Materials and MethodsThe study included 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats, ten in the young group (aged four to five weeks) and ten in the adult group (aged 18 to 20 weeks). In each rat, the upper-left first molar was subjected to a seven-day orthodontic force loading followed by a seven-day retention period. The upper-right first molar served as a control. The amount of orthodontic tooth movement was measured after seven-day force application and seven-day post-orthodontic retention. The expression levels of RANKL and the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts were evaluated on day 7 (end of mechanical force loading) and day 14 (after seven days of post-orthodontic retention). Statistical analysis was performed using the t-test, and significance was set at p < 0.05.ResultsThere was no significant difference between the amount of tooth movement in the young group (0.96, standard deviation (sd) 0.30mm) and that in the adult group (0.80mm, sd 0.28) (p > 0.05) after the seven-day force application. On the compression side, the expression of RANKL and TRAP-positive osteoclasts in both the young and the adult groups increased after the application of force for seven days, and then decreased at the end of the seven-day retention period. However, by the end of the period, the expression of RANKL on the compression side dropped to the control level in the young group (p > 0.05), while it was still higher than that on the control side in the adult group (p < 0.05). The expression of RANKL on the compression side did not show significant difference between the young and the adult groups after seven-day force application (p > 0.05), but it was significantly higher in the adult group than that in the young group after seven-day post-orthodontic retention (p < 0.05). Similarly, the decreasing trend of TRAP-positive osteoclasts during the retention period in the adult group was less obvious than that in the young group.ConclusionsThe bone-resorptive activity in the young rats was more dynamic than that in the adult rats. The expression of RANKL and the number of osteoclasts in adult rats did not drop to the control level during the post-orthodontic retention period while RANKL expression and the number of osteoclasts in young rats had returned to the baseline. Cite this article: X. Li, M. Li, J. Lu, Y. Hu, L. Cui, D. Zhang, Y. Yang. Age-related effects on osteoclastic activities after orthodontic tooth movement. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:492–499. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.510.BJR-2016-0004.R2.
Theatre and the reinvention of the divided city
Authors: Coutinho Marina Henriques 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The city of Rio de Janeiro, stage for the 2014 World Football Cup Final and the 2016 Olympic Games, is a city that, like many others in the world’s urban centres, lays bare the deformities and contradictions of the globalized capitalist world. This article considers the situation of Rio de Janeiro as both the host to mega-sports events and a territory of struggle for equality of rights in the city. In recent years, theatrical productions by groups from popular communities, or from the periphery, have been gaining space in the cultural programming of the cultural centres. This reveals aspects of new social networks now forming in the city. Taking as its main source experiences from the extension programme Teatro em Comunidades, the article deals with the potential of art to remake the city, opening up paths of circulation for artistic productions and citizens throughout all of its environments.
Integration of culture, culture as integration: The praxis and politics of multicultural theatre and drama
Authors: Wittrock Hanna 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Theatre is one of the artistic tools most often employed in Sweden to promote social integration. The aim of this article is to illustrate recurrent paradoxes concerning representation in multicultural theatre projects in the Swedish context. The productions discussed were studied ethnographically over an extended period of time, 2002 to 2007, with additional interviews undertaken in 2008–10 and 2016. The first production is a community theatre production. It was performed in a suburb of the university town of Uppsala with the explicit purpose of preventing teenage boys from falling into a criminal lifestyle. The second is a multiculturally inspired version of Hamlet (Mohamlet), produced by the Malmö city theatre, the major theatre ensemble in southern Sweden. Both productions are characterized by unresolved tensions. In particular, dialogue and representation express an intrinsic valuation of them as artistic acts while decisions about funding and production are based on notions of instrumental usefulness. Thus, even if theatre productions manifest expressive power, these manifestations are assessed in terms of their potential value relative
How an audience of scholars evaluated arts-informed communication and verbatim theatre as media through which to communicate academic research
Authors: Crimmins Gail 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Despite educational research ‘steerage’ that directs funding and energy towards positivist approaches to research, the influences of twenty-first-century research and philosophy have supported the germination of narrative and arts-informed processes in educational research, both of which have increased exponentially over the last twenty years. Against this landscape, I discuss an academic audience’s evaluation of the use of non-traditional forms of communication to present academic research. In particular, I explore the audience’s preference for non-traditional discursive forms, their engagement with verbatim theatre as a medium for academic scholarship and their identification that specific elements of a mise-en-scène supported their cognitive and emotional experience of dramatized data. The findings further suggest that the form of academic communication – including theatre – should align with the focus and methodological approach adopted, and that an academic audience can be theatrically literate and sensitive to the impact of aesthetic communication. Therefore, an audience of scholars can be highly receptive to non-traditional forms of academic communication, including theatre, as long as they align with the focus and methodology of the research re-presented, and are presented with aesthetic dexterity.
Reviews
Authors: Mehrpouya Hadi , Mehrpouya Hadi 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
CONTROLLING THE MESSAGE: NEW MEDIA IN AMERICAN POLITICAL CAMPAIGNS, VICTORIA A. FARRAR-MYERS AND JUSTIN S. VAUGHN (EDS) New York: New York University Press, 316 pp., Paperback £19.99 ISBN: 9781479867592
THE SNOWDEN READER, DAVID P. FIDLER (ED.) Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 349 pp., illlustrated ed., Paperback £22.99 ISBN: 9780253017376
Interview
Authors: Smith Gillian Crampton 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In many ways, the Royal College of Art M.A. in Computer Related Design (later Design Interactions) formed the framework for what we now commonly understand to be interaction design and, more recently, user experience. Gillian Crampton Smith led the course from 1990 to 2000. The following insights are from a recent interview with Gillian where she talked about what interaction design means to her, and her experiences as a pioneer in the field.
An improvement of H. Wang preconditioner for L-matrices
Authors: Nasabzadeh Hamideh 
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we improve the preconditioner, that introduced by H. Wang et al [6]. The H. Wang preconditioner \(P\in R^{n\times n}\) has only one non-zero, non-diagonal element in \(P_{n1}\) or \(P_{1n}\) , when \(a_{1n}a_{n1}\ne 0\) . But the new preconditioner has only one non-zero, non-diagonal element in \(P_{ij}\) or \(P_{ji}\) if \(a_{ij}a_{ji}\ne 0\), so the H. Wang preconditioner is a spacial case of the new preconditioner for L-matrices. Also we present two models to construct a better \(I+S\) type preconditioner for the \(AOR\) iterative method. Convergence analysis are given, numerical results are presented which show the effectiveness of the new preconditioners.
Portrait of a Teach for All (TFA) teacher: Media narratives of the universal TFA teacher in 12 countries
Authors: Gautreaux Michelle , Delgado Sandra 
Published: October 2016

This article employs narrative analysis to examine how the media in 12 different countries characterize the Teach for All (TFA) teacher. Examining mass media narratives in these 12 countries illustrates that there are some remarkable commonalities in the narratives and character portraits co-constructed and propagated by the media. At the core of these narratives is the notion of a problem in education. This problem justifies the creation and emergence of a character, commonly constructed in opposition to traditionally certified teachers, who embodies the characteristics and attributes of the contemporary neoliberal subject. This article discusses the implications of this character’s widespread representation; namely, how does the character construction influence the broader public perception about education and how is it contributing to the (re)imagination of the role of the teacher?
Comparison of the styles of coping with stress among individual and team athletes<p>Takım ve bireysel sporlarda sporcuların stresle başa çıkma yöntemlerinin karşılaştırılması
Authors: Aslan Şehmus 
Published: October 2016

Aim: The purposesof the study were to evaluate and compare of the styles of coping with stress among individual and team athletes.Method: One hundred fourteen team athletes and 89 individual athletes, in totally 203 amateur or professional athletes participated in the study. Styles of coping stress of the participants were assessed by “Ways of Coping Inventory”.Results: It was found statistically differences between individual and team athletes in terms of “Ways of Coping Inventory” subtests including optimistic way (p = 0,003), self-confident way (p = 0,005) and helpless way (p = 0,004). Team athletes obtained higher scores than individual athletes in optimistic way and self-confident way, whether helpless way score of the team athletes were lower.Conclusion: Our results showed that be in the team or individual sport fields effects on styles of coping with stress among athletes. It was determined that team athletes use more effective way for coping with stres than individual athletes. ÖzetBu çalışmanın amacı takım ve bireysel sporlarda, sporcuların stresle başa çıkma yöntemlerini incelemek ve karşılaştırmaktır.Çalışmamıza amatör ve profesyonel spor yapan 114 takım ve 89 bireysel olmak üzere toplam 203 sporcu katılmıştır. Sporcuların stresle başa çıkma yöntemleri Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları Ölçeği (SBTÖ) ile değerlendirilmiştir.Takım ve bireysel sporcuların Stresle Başa Çıkma Tarzları ölçeğinin iyimser yaklaşım (p = 0,003), kendine güvenli yaklaşım (p = 0,005) ve çaresiz yaklaşım (p = 0,004) alt ölçek puanları arasında fark bulunmuştur. Takım sporcularının iyimser yaklaşım ve kendine güvenli yaklaşım puanları bireysel sporculardan daha yüksek iken, çaresiz yaklaşım puanları daha düşük bulunmuştur.Çalışmanın sonucu takım veya bireysel spor branşlarında yer almanın sporcularda stresle başa çıkma yöntemlerini etkilediğini göstermiştir. Takım sporcularının stresle başa çıkmada, bireysel spor yapan sporculara göre daha etkili stresle baş etme yöntemlerini kullandıkları saptanmıştır.
On caustics by reflection of algebraic surfaces
Authors: Josse Alfrederic , Pène Françoise 
Published: October 2016

AbstractGiven a pointS(the light position) in ℙ3and an algebraic surface 𝓩 (the mirror) of ℙ3, the caustic by reflection ΣS(𝓩) of 𝓩 fromSis the Zariski closure of the envelope of the reflected lines 𝓡mobtained by reflection of (Sm) on 𝓩 atm∈𝓩. We use the ramification method to identify ΣS(𝓩) with the Zariski closure of the image, by a rational map, of an algebraic 2-covering space of 𝓩. We also give a general formula for the degree (with multiplicity) of caustics (by reflection) of algebraic surfaces of ℙ3.
Comparison theorems on smooth metric measure spaces with boundary
Authors: Feng Wang Lin , Zhang Ze Yu , Zhou Yu Jie 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In this paper we study smooth metric measure spaces with boundary via the Bakry–Émery curvature and the weighted mean curvature of the boundary. We establish the weighted Laplacian comparison theorems and the upper bound estimates of the distance from any point of the manifold to its boundary. As applications, we derive lower bound estimates for the first Dirichlet eigenvalue.
Viability Changes in Leucocytes in a Critical Trauma Patient: Monocyte, Lymphocyte, Granulocyte Response to the Acute Phase: Case Report
Authors: Orsolya Benedek , Minodora Dobreanu , Leonard Azamfirei , Mihaly Veres , Sanda-Maria Copotoiu 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Trauma affects the activity of the innate immune system. The objective of this case report is to present the case that prompted us to analyse all the peripheral white blood cell lines. A 19 year old male patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Clinic with severe head trauma. The final diagnosis was set to be severe cerebral trauma with subarachnoid hemorrhage, right frontal and temporal cerebral contusions, diffuse cerebral edema, left parietal and temporal fracture, sphenoid hemosinus and right sided lung contusions.

Material and Method: Whole blood was immediatly analyzed by flow cytometry for leukocytes. Apoptosis was detected with Annexin V, necrotic cells were stained with propidium iodide. Samples were drawn three consecutive days.

Results: Lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes all showed marked increase in viability and decrease in necrosis during the biological monitoring in correlation with a positive clinical outcome. The most important changes were noted in the monocyte population.

Discussion: Although we started out monitoring neutrophil viability and death, this particular case prompted us not to overlook other leucocyte populations.

Conclusion: The apparent positive relationship between this patient’s positive clinical outcome and cellular viability and death changes is promising but they warrant further study.