bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Controlling supramolecular polymerization through multicomponent self‐assembly
Authors: Besenius Pol 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe self‐assembly into supramolecular polymers is a process driven by reversible non‐covalent interactions between monomers, and gives access to materials applications incorporating mechanical, biological, optical or electronic functionalities. Compared to the achievements in precision polymer synthesis via living and controlled covalent polymerization processes, supramolecular chemists have only just learned how to developed strategies that allow similar control over polymer length, (co)monomer sequence and morphology (random, alternating or blocked ordering). This highlight article discusses the unique opportunities that arise when coassembling multicomponent supramolecular polymers, and focusses on four strategies in order to control the polymer architecture, size, stability and its stimuli‐responsive properties: (1) end‐capping of supramolecular polymers, (2) biomimetic templated polymerization, (3) controlled selectivity and reactivity in supramolecular copolymerization, and (4) living supramolecular polymerization. In contrast to the traditional focus on equilibrium systems, our emphasis is also on the manipulation of self‐assembly kinetics of synthetic supramolecular systems. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 34–78
Reduced absorption of glyphosate and decreased translocation of dicamba contribute to poor control of kochia (Kochia scoparia) at high temperature
Authors: Ou Junjun , Stahlman Phillip W , Jugulam Mithila 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDPlant growth temperature is one of the important factors that can influence postemergent herbicide efficacy and impact weed control. Control of kochia (Kochia scoparia), a major broadleaf weed throughout the North American Great Plains, often is unsatisfactory when either glyphosate or dicamba are applied on hot summer days. We tested effects of plant growth temperature on glyphosate and dicamba phytotoxicity on two Kansas kochia populations (P1 and P2) grown under the following three day/night (d/n) temperature regimes: T1, 17.5/7.5°C; T2, 25/15°C; and T3, 32.5/22.5°C.RESULTSVisual injury and above‐ground dry biomass data from herbicide dose–response experiments indicated greater susceptibility to both glyphosate and dicamba when kochia was grown under the two cooler temperature regimes, i.e. T1 and T2. At T1, the ED50 of P1 and P2 kochia were 39 and 36 g ha−1 of glyphosate and 52 and 105 g ha−1 of dicamba, respectively. In comparison, at T3 the ED50 increased to 173 and 186 g ha−1 for glyphosate and 106 and 410 g ha−1 for dicamba, respectively, for P1 and P2. We also investigated the physiological basis of decreased glyphosate and dicamba efficacy under elevated temperatures. Kochia absorbed more glyphosate at T1 and T2 compared to T3. Conversely, there was more dicamba translocated towards meristems at T1 and T2, compared to T3.CONCLUSIONReduced efficacy of dicamba or glyphosate to control kochia under elevated temperatures can be attributed to decreased absorption and translocation of glyphosate and dicamba, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to apply glyphosate or dicamba when the temperature is low (e.g. d/n temperature at 25/15°C) and seedlings are small (less than 12 cm) to maximize kochia control. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of ingestion and topical application of insecticides against the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)
Authors: Sierras Angela , Schal Coby 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe global prevalence of Cimex lectularius infestations has challenged current intervention efforts, as pyrethroid resistance has become ubiquitous, availability of labeled insecticides for bed bugs is limited, and non‐chemical treatment options, such as heat, are often unaffordable. We evaluated representative insecticides toward the goal of developing a novel, ingestible liquid bait for hematophagous arthropods.RESULTSLC50 values were estimated for adult males and first instar nymphs of an insecticide‐susceptible strain for abamectin, clothianidin, fipronil and indoxacarb, after ingestion from an artificial feeder. LD50 values were calculated based on the ingested blood volume. Ingested abamectin, clothianidin and fipronil caused rapid mortality in both life stages. Fipronil was ∼43‐fold more effective by ingestion than by topical application. Indoxacarb and its bioactive metabolite decarbomethoxylated JW062 (DCJW) were ineffective at causing bed bug mortality even at concentrations as high as 1000 ng mL−1 blood.CONCLUSIONSFipronil, clothianidin and abamectin have potential for being incorporated into a liquid bait for bed bug control; indoxacarb and DCJW were not effective. Bed bugs are a good candidate for an ingestible liquid bait because systemic formulations generally require less active ingredient than residual sprays, they remain contained and more effectively target hematophagous arthropods. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Static flexural modes and piezoelectricity in 2D and layered crystals
Authors: Michel Karl H. , Neek‐Amal Mehdi , Peeters Francois M. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractPiezo‐ and flexoelectricity are manifestations of electromechanical coupling in solids with potential applications in nanoscale materials. Naumov et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 217601 (2009)] have shown by first principles calculations that a monolayer BN sheet becomes macroscopically polarized in‐plane when in a corrugated state. Here, we investigate the interplay of layer corrugation and in‐plane polarization by atomistic lattice dynamics. We treat the coupling between static flexural modes and in‐plane atomic ion displacements as an anharmonic effect, similar to the membrane effect that is at the origin of negative thermal expansion in layered crystals. We have derived analytical expressions for the corrugation‐induced static in‐plane strains and the optical displacements with the resulting polarization response functions. Beyond h‐BN, the theory applies to transition metal dichalcogenides and dioxides. Numerical calculations show that the effects are considerably stronger for 2D h‐BN than for .
Field‐ and irradiation‐induced phenomena in memristive nanomaterials
Authors: Mikhaylov A. N. , Gryaznov E. G. , Belov A. I. , Korolev D. S. , Sharapov A. N. , Guseinov D. V. , Tetelbaum D. I. , Tikhov S. V. , Malekhonova N. V. , Bobrov A. I. , Pavlov D. A. , Gerasimova S. A. , Kazantsev V. B. , Agudov N. V. , Dubkov A. A. , Rosário C. M. M. , Sobolev N. A. , Spagnolo B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe breakthrough in electronics and information technology is anticipated by the development of emerging memory and logic devices, artificial neural networks and brain‐inspired systems on the basis of memristive nanomaterials represented, in a particular case, by a simple ‘metal–insulator–metal’ (MIM) thin‐film structure. The present article is focused on the comparative analysis of MIM devices based on oxides with dominating ionic (ZrOx, HfOx) and covalent (SiOx, GeOx) bonding of various composition and geometry deposited by magnetron sputtering. The studied memristive devices demonstrate reproducible change in their resistance (resistive switching – RS) originated from the formation and rupture of conductive pathways (filaments) in oxide films due to the electric‐field‐driven migration of oxygen vacancies and / or mobile oxygen ions. It is shown that, for both ionic and covalent oxides under study, the RS behaviour depends only weakly on the oxide film composition and thickness, device geometry (down to a device size of about 20×20 μm2). The devices under study are found to be tolerant to ion irradiation that reproduces the effect of extreme fluences of high‐energy protons and fast neutrons. This common behaviour of RS is explained by the localized nature of the redox processes in a nanoscale switching oxide volume. Adaptive (synaptic) change of resistive states of memristive devices is demonstrated under the action of single or repeated electrical pulses, as well as in a simple model of coupled (synchronized) neuron‐like generators. It is concluded that the noise‐induced phenomena cannot be neglected in the consideration of a memristive device as a nonlinear system. The dynamic response of a memristive device to periodic signals of complex waveform can be predicted and tailored from the viewpoint of stochastic resonance concept. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of Organoselenium Based Compounds as Co‐Catalysts in Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydroformylation
Authors: Weilbeer Claudia , Selent Detlef , Dyballa Katrin Marie , Franke Robert , Spannenberg Anke , Börner Armin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractHerein we report the synthesis of new organoselenium compounds and their evaluation as co‐catalysts in rhodium‐catalyzed hydroformylation. Simple low molecular weight selenium compounds as well as more complicated organoselenium phosphites with a high structural diversity were involved in the study. Some of the new structures (e. g. phosphites) were related to well established mono‐ and bi‐dendate phosphorus ligands commonly used in hydroformylation. In the catalytic trials in most cases serious inhibition effects were observed due to the presence of the selenium additive. Moreover, our results show that selena compounds may differ in the behavior in comparison to other chalcogenides such as oxygen or sulfur.
Water and Organic Solvent Dispersible Gold Nanorods that are pH Responsive
Authors: Imura Yoshiro , Fukuda Kunihiro , Morita‐Imura Clara , Kawai Takeshi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractShape‐controlled gold nanorods are prepared in the presence of a capping agent, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), which controls their morphology and dispersibility in water. To control their dispersibility between water and another organic solvent, a pH‐responsive amphiphile C18AA was introduced on gold nanorods instead of CTAB. The C18AA‐capped gold nanorods were dispersed in both water and chloroform. These gold nanorods were pH‐responsive depending on the extent of C18AA deprotonation observed: deprotonation of the terminal amine above pH 9.5 increases the hydrophobicity of the nanorods, resulting in them being more soluble in chloroform than in water. C18AA‐capped gold nanorods can transfer from the water phase to the organic phase by changing the pH from 9.0 to 12.5. The morphology of the nanorods did not change as a result of ligand‐exchange, or phase transfer, due to the stabilizing effect of the C18AA capping molecule. C18AA‐capped gold nanorods can also be transferred to the water phase by evaporating the chloroform.
Simulation-based camera navigation training in laparoscopy—a randomized trial
Authors: Nilsson Cecilia , Sorensen Jette Led , Konge Lars , Westen Mikkel , Stadeager Morten , Ottesen Bent , Bjerrum Flemming 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Inexperienced operating assistants are often tasked with the important role of handling camera navigation during laparoscopic surgery. Incorrect handling can lead to poor visualization, increased operating time, and frustration for the operating surgeon—all of which can compromise patient safety. The objectives of this trial were to examine how to train laparoscopic camera navigation and to explore the transfer of skills to the operating room.

Materials and methods
A randomized, single-center superiority trial with three groups: The first group practiced simulation-based camera navigation tasks (camera group), the second group practiced performing a simulation-based cholecystectomy (procedure group), and the third group received no training (control group). Participants were surgical novices without prior laparoscopic experience. The primary outcome was assessment of camera navigation skills during a laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The secondary outcome was technical skills after training, using a previously developed model for testing camera navigational skills. The exploratory outcome measured participants’ motivation toward the task as an operating assistant.

Results
Thirty-six participants were randomized. No significant difference was found in the primary outcome between the three groups (p = 0.279). The secondary outcome showed no significant difference between the interventions groups, total time 167 s (95% CI, 118–217) and 194 s (95% CI, 152–236) for the camera group and the procedure group, respectively (p = 0.369). Both interventions groups were significantly faster than the control group, 307 s (95% CI, 202–412), p = 0.018 and p = 0.045, respectively. On the exploratory outcome, the control group for two dimensions, interest/enjoyment (p = 0.030) and perceived choice (p = 0.033), had a higher score.

Conclusions
Simulation-based training improves the technical skills required for camera navigation, regardless of practicing camera navigation or the procedure itself. Transfer to the clinical setting could, however, not be demonstrated. The control group demonstrated higher interest/enjoyment and perceived choice than the camera group.
Vertical stratification of an avian community in New Guinean tropical rainforest
Authors: Chmel Kryštof , Riegert Jan , Paul Luda , Novotný Vojtěch 
Published: October 2016

AbstractVertical stratification of avian communities has been studied in both temperate and tropical forests; however, the majority of studies used ground‐based methods. In this study we used ground‐to‐canopy mist nets to collect detailed data on vertical bird distribution in primary rain forest in Wanang Conservation Area in Papua New Guinea (Madang Province). In total 850 birds from 86 species were caught. Bird abundance was highest in the canopy followed by the understory and lowest in the midstory. Overall bird diversity increased towards the canopy zone. Insectivorous birds represented the most abundant and species‐rich trophic guild and their abundances decreased from the ground to canopy. The highest diversity of frugivorous and omnivorous birds was confined to higher vertical strata. Insectivorous birds did not show any pattern of diversity along the vertical gradient. Further, insectivores preferred strata with thick vegetation, while abundance and diversity of frugivores increased with decreasing foliage density. Our ground‐to‐canopy (0–27 m) mist netting, when compared to standard ground mist netting (0–3 m), greatly improved bird diversity assessment and revealed interesting patterns of avian community stratification along vertical forest strata.
Regulation of crucial enzymes and transcription factors on 2-phenylethanol biosynthesis via Ehrlich pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wang Zhaoyue , Bai Xuejing , Guo Xuena , He Xiuping 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
2-Phenylethanol (2-PE) is widely used in food, perfume and pharmaceutical industry, but lower production in microbes and less known regulatory mechanisms of 2-PE make further study necessary. In this study, crucial genes like ARO8 and ARO10 of Ehrlich pathway for 2-PE synthesis and key transcription factor ARO80 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae were re-regulated using constitutive promoter; in the meantime, the effect of nitrogen source in synthetic complete (SC) medium with l-phenylalanine (l-Phe) on Aro8/Aro9 and Aro10 was investigated. The results showed that aromatic aminotransferase activities of ARO8 over-expressing strains were seriously inhibited by ammonia sulfate in SC + Phe medium. Flask fermentation test demonstrated that over-expressing ARO8 or ARO10 led to about 42 % increase in 2-PE production when compared with the control strain. Furthermore, influence of transcription factors Cat8 and Mig1 on 2-PE biosynthesis was explored. CAT8 over-expression or MIG1 deletion increased in the transcription of ARO9 and ARO10. 2-PE production of CAT8 over-expressing strain was 62 % higher than that of control strain. Deletion of MIG1 also led to 2-PE biosynthesis enhancement. The strain of CAT8 over-expression and MIG1 deletion was most effective in regulating expression of ARO9 and ARO10. Analysis of mRNA levels and enzyme activities indicates that transaminase in Ehrlich pathway is the crucial target of Nitrogen Catabolize Repression (NCR). Among the engineering strains, the higher 3.73 g/L 2-PE production in CAT8 over-expressing strain without in situ product recovery suggests that the robust strain has potentiality for commercial exploitation.
Performance Comparison Between Internal Olefin Sulfonates and Alpha Olefin Sulfonates
Authors: Wang Yong , Liu Xiaochen , Jiao Tiliu , Niu Jinping 
Published: October 2016

AbstractComparison of surface and interfacial properties of internal olefin sulfonates (IOS) and alpha olefin sulfonates (AOS) shows that hydrocarbon chain branching has a significant influence on interfacial properties at the air–water, pentadecane–water and parafilm–water interfaces. The isomeric branched IOS shows a higher critical micelle concentration and are more effective in reducing the surface tension at the air–water interface by occupying a larger area per molecule. IOS exhibits better dynamic air–water interfacial properties due to a lower meso‐equilibrium surface tension. The equilibrium interfacial tensions for AOS and IOS have no remarkable difference at the pentadecane–water interface. The water wettability and electrolyte tolerance are enhanced with branched hydrocarbon chain olefin sulfonates.
Exosomal proteins as prognostic biomarkers in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Sandfeld-Paulsen B. , Aggerholm-Pedersen N. , Bæk R. , Jakobsen K.R. , Meldgaard P. , Folkersen B.H. , Rasmussen T.R. , Varming K. , Jørgensen M.M. , Sorensen B.S. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundUse of exosomes as biomarkers in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is an intriguing approach in the liquid‐biopsy era. Exosomes are nano‐sized vesicles with membrane‐bound proteins that reflect their originating cell. Prognostic biomarkers are needed to improve patient selection for optimal treatment. We here evaluate exosomes by protein phenotyping as a prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.MethodsExosomes from plasma of 276 NSCLC patients were phenotyped using the Extracellular Vesicle Array; 49 antibodies captured the proteins on the exosomes, and a cocktail of biotin‐conjugated antibodies binding the general exosome markers CD9, CD81 and CD63 was used to visualise the captured exosomes. For each individual membrane‐bound protein, results were analysed based on presence, in a concentration‐dependent manner, and correlated to overall survival (OS).ResultsThe 49 proteins attached to the exosomal membrane were evaluated. NY‐ESO‐1, EGFR, PLAP, EpCam and Alix had a significant concentration‐dependent impact on inferior OS. Due to multiple testing, NY‐ESO‐1 was the only marker that maintained a significant impact on inferior survival (hazard rate (HR) 1.78 95% (1.78–2.44); p = 0.0001) after Bonferroni correction. Results were adjusted for clinico‐pathological characteristics, stage, histology, age, sex and performance status.ConclusionWe illustrate the promising aspects associated with the use of exosomal membrane‐bound proteins as a biomarker and demonstrate that they are a strong prognostic biomarker in NSCLC.
Impact of Fibromyalgia in the Sit‐to‐Stand‐to‐Sit Performance Compared With Healthy Controls
Authors: Collado‐Mateo Daniel , Adsuar Jose C. , Dominguez‐Muñoz Francisco J. , Olivares Pedro R. , Gusi Narcis 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundFibromyalgia is associated with a reduction in the ability to perform activities of daily living. Sit‐to‐stand‐to‐sit performance is one of the most common activities of daily living and often is evaluated by counting the number of repetitions of the 30‐second chair‐stand test. No study, however, has examined the performance over the 30 seconds of this test of female patients with fibromyalgia on a phase‐by‐phase basis.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of fibromyalgia on performance of the 30‐second chair‐stand test and to analyze how the kinematic performance changed over the 30‐second test period.DesignA cross‐sectional study.SettingLocal association of fibromyalgia.ParticipantsFifteen females with fibromyalgia and nine healthy female controls.InterventionParticipants performed the 30‐second chair‐stand test while wearing a motion capture device.Main Outcome MeasureDuration of each sit‐to‐stand‐to‐sit phase within the 30‐second time limit was compared between groups using repeated measures analysis of variance. The association between duration of phases and scores from the revised version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire was tested using bivariate correlations.ResultsThe duration of impulse and sit‐to‐stand phases were gradually increased over the 30 seconds of the chair‐stand test for women with fibromyalgia compared with healthy controls (P = .04 and P = .02, respectively). The mean duration of these 2 phases was associated with symptom duration and the function domain of the revised version of the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (P < .05). Also, stiffness was directly associated with the duration of the stand‐up phase (P = .04).ConclusionKinematic performance during the 30‐second chair‐stand test differed between women with fibromyalgia and healthy controls. Since sit‐to‐stand from a chair is a common daily activity, women with fibromyalgia may require specific exercises to improve performance of this task.Level of EvidenceNot applicable.
Sedimentology, faunal content and pollen record of Middle Pleistocene palustrine and lagoonal sediments from the Peri-Adriatic basin, Abruzzi, eastern central Italy
Authors: Pieruccini Pierluigi , Celma Claudio Di , Rita Federico Di , Magri Donatella , Carnevale Giorgio , Farabollini Piero , Ragaini Luca , Caffau Mauro 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA 25 m-thick outcrop section exposed at Torre Mucchia, on the sea-cliff north of Ortona, eastern central Italy, comprises a rare Middle Pleistocene succession of shallow-water and paralic sediments along the western Adriatic Sea. An integrated study of the section, including facies and microfacies analyses, and characterization of paleobiological associations (mollusks, fishes, ostracods, foraminifers and pollen), enable a detailed reconstruction of the paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic conditions during deposition. The shallow-water deposits include a transgressive, deepening- and fining-upward shoreface to offshore-transition facies succession overlain by a regressive shoreface-foreshore sandstone body with an erosive base and a rooted and pedogenically altered horizon at the top that imply deposition during sea-level fall. This forced regressive unit is overlain by paralic strata forming a transgressive succession comprising palustrine carbonates and back-barrier lagoonal mudstones. The palustrine carbonates exhibit some of the typical features encountered in palustrine limestones deposited within seasonal freshwater wetlands (marl prairies). Following the sea-level rising trend, the freshwater marshes were abruptly replaced by a barrier-lagoon system that allowed deposition of the overlying mud-rich unit. Within these deposits, the faunal assemblages are consistent with a low-energy brackish environment characterized by a relatively high degree of confinement. The pollen record documents the development of open forest vegetation dominated by Pinus and accompanied by a number of mesophilous and thermophilous tree taxa, whose composition supports a tentative correlation with Marine Oxygen Isotope Stage 17. The new pollen record from Torre Mucchia improves our understanding of the vegetation development in the Italian Peninsula during the Middle Pleistocene and sheds new light on the role played by the most marked glacial periods in determining the history of tree taxa.