bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of gut microbiome in response to the combination of Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 and sugars: a pilot study using host-free system reflecting impact on interpersonal microbiome
Authors: Heer Kiran , Kaur Manpreet , Sidhu Dwinder , Dey Priyankar , Raychaudhuri Saumya 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionThe differential effects of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic formulations on human health are dictated by the inter-individual gut microbial profile. The effects of probiotics such as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (ECN) on gut microbiota may vary according to the microbiome profiles of individuals and may be influenced by the presence of certain carbohydrates, which can impact microbial community structure and treatment results.MethodProcessed fecal samples from donors having contrasting lifestyles, dietary patterns, and disease histories were mixed with 5 × 106 CFU/mL ECN with or without 1% (w/v) sugars (glucose, galactose, or rice starch) in a host-free system. Post-incubation, 16 s rRNA sequencing was performed. Microbial diversity and taxonomic abundance were computed in relation to the probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatment effects and interpersonal microbiome variance.ResultBaseline gut microbial profiles showed significant inter-individual variations. ECN treatment alone had a limited impact on the inter-personal gut microbial diversity and abundance. Prebiotics caused a substantial enrichment in Actinobacteria, but there were differences in the responses at the order and genus levels, with enrichment shown in Bifidobacterium, Collinsella, and Megasphaera. Subject B exhibited enrichment in Proteobacteria and Cyanobacteria, but subject A showed more diversified taxonomic alterations as a consequence of the synbiotic treatments. Despite negligible difference in the α-diversity, probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic treatments independently resulted in distinct segregation in microbial communities at the β-diversity level. The core microbiota was altered only under prebiotic and synbiotic treatment. Significant correlations primarily for minor phyla were identified under prebiotic and synbiotic treatment.ConclusionThe interindividual microbiome composition strongly influences the effectiveness of personalized diet and treatment plans. The responsiveness to dietary strategies varies according to individual microbiome profiles influenced by health, diet, and lifestyle. Therefore, tailored approaches that consider individual microbiome compositions are crucial for maximizing gut health and treatment results.
LT-DeepLab: an improved DeepLabV3+ cross-scale segmentation algorithm for Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim leaf-trunk diseases in real-world environments
Authors: Yang Tao , Wei Jingjing , Xiao Yongjun , Wang Shuyang , Tan Jingxuan , Niu Yupeng , Duan Xuliang , Pan Fei , Pu Haibo 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionZanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim is an economically significant crop in Asia, but large-scale cultivation is often threatened by frequent diseases, leading to significant yield declines. Deep learning-based methods for crop disease recognition have emerged as a vital research area in agriculture.MethodsThis paper presents a novel model, LT-DeepLab, for the semantic segmentation of leaf spot (folium macula), rust, frost damage (gelu damnum), and diseased leaves and trunks in complex field environments. The proposed model enhances DeepLabV3+ with an innovative Fission Depth Separable with CRCC Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling module, which reduces the structural parameters of Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling module and improves cross-scale extraction capability. Incorporating Criss-Cross Attention with the Convolutional Block Attention Module provides a complementary boost to channel feature extraction. Additionally, deformable convolution enhances low-dimensional features, and a Fully Convolutional Network auxiliary header is integrated to optimize the network and enhance model accuracy without increasing parameter count.ResultsLT-DeepLab improves the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) by 3.59%, the mean Pixel Accuracy (mPA) by 2.16%, and the Overall Accuracy (OA) by 0.94% compared to the baseline DeepLabV3+. It also reduces computational demands by 11.11% and decreases the parameter count by 16.82%.DiscussionThese results indicate that LT-DeepLab demonstrates excellent disease segmentation capabilities in complex field environments while maintaining high computational efficiency, offering a promising solution for improving crop disease management efficiency.
Partial substitution of phosphorus fertilizer with iron-modified biochar improves root morphology and yield of peanut under film mulching
Authors: Luo Xiulan , Wang Dewei , Liu Yuting , Qiu Yuanze , Zheng Junlin , Xia Guimin , Elbeltagi Ahmed , Chi Daocai 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionPeanut production is being increasingly threatened by water stress with the context of global climate change. Film mulching have been reported to alleviate the adverse impact of drought on peanut. Lower phosphorus use efficiency is another key factor limiting peanut yield. Application of iron-modified and phosphorus-loaded biochar (BIP) has been validated to enhance phosphorus utilization efficiency in crops. However, whether combined effect of film mulching and BIP could increase water use efficiency and enhance peanut production through regulating soil properties and root morphologies needs further investigation.MethodsA two-year (2021-2022) pot experiment using a split-plot design was conducted to investigate the effects of phosphorus fertilizer substitution using BIP on soil properties, root morphology, pod yield, and water use of peanut under film mulching. The main plots were two mulching methods, including no mulching (M0) and film mulching (M1). The subplots were four combined applications of phosphorus fertilizer with BIP, including conventional phosphorus fertilizer rates (PCR) without BIP, P1C0; 3/4 PCR with 7.5 t ha-1 BIP, P2C1; 3/4 PCR with 15 t ha-1 BIP, P2C2; 2/3 PCR with 7.5 t ha-1 BIP, P3C1; 2/3 PCR with 15 t ha-1 BIP, P3C2.Results and discussionThe results indicated that regardless of biochar amendments, compared with M0, M1 increased soil organic matter and root morphology of peanut at different growth stages in both years. In addition, M1 increased peanut yield and water use efficiency (WUE) by 18.8% and 51.6%, respectively, but decreased water consumption by 25.0%, compared to M0 (two-year average). Irrespective of film mulching, P2C1 increased length, surface area, and volume of peanut root at seedling by 16.7%, 17.7%, and 18.6%, at flowering by 6.6%, 19.9%, and 29.5%, at pod setting by 22.9%, 33.8%, and 37.3%, and at pod filling by 48.3%, 9.5%, and 38.2%, respectively (two-year average), increased soil pH and organic matter content during peanut growing season, and increased soil CEC at harvest. In general, the M1P2C1 treatment obtained the optimal root morphology, soil chemical properties, WUE, and peanut yield, which increased peanut yield by 33.2% compared to M0P1C0. In conclusion, the combination of film mulching with 7.5 t ha-1 BIP (M1P2C1) effectively improved soil chemical properties, enhanced root morphology of peanut, and ultimately increased peanut yield and WUE.
Gender differences in operational and cognitive abilities
Authors: Lager Emil , Sorjonen Kimmo , Melin Marika 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionGender differences in cognitive and operational abilities have been identified. Yet, their interrelationship remains underexplored. This prevents tailored evidence-based selection, allowing discrimination to persist.MethodsData from a test battery of operational and cognitive tests was analyzed. In total 2,743 aviation pilot candidates’ test scores were analyzed.ResultsMales had a significantly higher score on mental spatial ability, memory retention, abstract problem solving, multitasking ability (MU), and manual spatial ability (MSA); and females on perceptual speed. Correlations between MU and MSA [difference = 0.269 (95% CI: 0.114; 0.405)] and between MSA and perceptual speed [difference = 0.186 (95% CI: 0.027; 0.332)] were significantly stronger among female applicants. A high MSA score was more predictive of a high score on MU, Perceptual speed, and Memory for female compared with male applicants (p &lt; 0.002 for the MSA score × sex interaction effect in all three cases).DiscussionInterpretation of test scores in between genders potentially may need to look different for final selection decisions for operational professions, as female test profiles were shown to exhibit greater homogeneity.
Development of gross motor skills in children under the age of 3 years: a decision tree approach
Authors: Xiong Yuxiang , Hu Xuhuai , Cao Jindan , Shang Li , Yao Yibei , Niu Ben 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundThe early years of life are critical for gross motor development (GMD). This study utilized decision tree modeling to examine the influences on gross motor development in children under the age of 3 years and to rank the key factors affecting their development.MethodsBased on randomized stratified sampling, 9,507 children aged 0–3 years in Shenzhen were included in this study. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) were utilized for the assessment of gross motor development. The chi-square test was used to compare groups, and variables were screened using univariable and multivariable regression analyses. Decision tree modeling was employed to rank the importance of statistically significant variables.ResultsThe research found a prevalence of gross motor developmental delay of 1.41% among the respondents. The accuracy of the decision tree model is 70.96%. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between seven variables affecting the gross motor development of children, which were ranked based on importance: age, whether to provide supplementary food, average time spent interacting with children, family type, feeding method, mode of delivery, and birth order.ConclusionThe risk of gross motor developmental delay increases with age. Furthermore, supplementary food and interacting with other children are critical factors in improving children’s GMD delay. It is therefore imperative to enhance the monitoring of children’s gross motor skills through regular developmental assessments that detect potential GMD delays. Moreover, family type, feeding method, mode of delivery, and birth order were also predictive factors of GMD delay.
Food consumption markers and sociodemographic factors associated with obesity among adult women registered in the Food and Nutrition Monitoring System (SISVAN) in Brazil: a cohort study, 2015–2019
Authors: Barros Anael Queirós Silva , Aguiar Italo Wesley Oliveira , Adriano Lia Silveira , Carioca Antônio Augusto Ferreira , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo , Sampaio Helena Alves de Carvalho 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionCarrying out studies using data from Food and Nutritional Monitoring is crucial given the current epidemiological scenario. This scenario reveals a coexistence of malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies alongside overweight and obesity, particularly among adult women in Brazil. Analyzing the microdata generated by the system is essential for accurately representing food and nutrition indicators in the country.ObjectiveTo analyze the association of food consumption markers and sociodemographic factors with changes in the Body Mass Index (BMI) among adult women.MethodologyA cohort study with a final sample of 30,354 women evaluated through individual records between the years 2015 and 2019. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI). Food consumption markers used were the ones available in the system, which referred to foods consumed the previous day. Linear regression was used to evaluate factors associated with BMI and multiple Poisson regression was used to estimate the relative risk of obesity incidence.ResultsThere was an increase in BMI between 2015 and 2019. The average increase in BMI was lower in women who consumed, in the previous day, beans (β = −0,25; CI95%: −0.36; −0.13) and vegetables and/or legumes (β = −0.12; CI95%: −0.21; −0.04) and the increase was greater when they consumed hamburgers and/or sausages (β = 0.1; CI95%: 0.02; 0.19) adjusted by age, region and skin color. There was a 14% lower incidence of obesity in the group that consumed beans (RR = 0.86; 95% CI: 0.79; 0.93), and a 9% lower incidence when they consumed filled cookies, candies or treats (RR = 0.91; 95% CI 0.86; 0.96). The incidence of obesity was 11% higher in the group that consumed sweetened drinks (RR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.05; 1.18) and 9% higher in the group that consumed instant noodles, packaged snacks or savory biscuits on the day before the 2015 registration (RR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03; 1.15).ConclusionThere was an increase in BMI in the population of adult women, rising nationally between 2015 and 2019, with the notable influence of diet on this change.
Exploring knowledge, perception, and use of surface electromyography in physiotherapy post graduate trainees in Italy: a single center preliminary survey
Authors: Bertoni Gianluca , Leuzzi Gaia , Job Mirko , De Simone Marica , Testa Marco 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionSurface electromyography (sEMG) is a non-invasive technique that records muscle electrical activity using skin-surface electrodes, aiding physiotherapists in assessing and treating muscular and neuromuscular conditions. Despite its potential, sEMG remains underutilized in Italy. This study aims to evaluate Italian physiotherapists’ knowledge and use of sEMG, specifically among those who completed the Master's Degree in Rehabilitation of Musculoskeletal and Rheumatological Disorders at the University of Genoa.MethodsThis cross-sectional study, approved by the University of Genoa's Ethical Committee, utilized an anonymous web survey to gather data from physiotherapy students in the master's program. The survey, developed based on the International Handbook of Survey Methodology, consisted of 12 questions covering demographics, previous sEMG experience, the importance of sEMG in practice and research, and educational satisfaction. Data collection spanned from January to May 2024, with a response rate of 72.7% (93 participants). Descriptive analysis was used to summarize the data.ResultsThe average age of respondents was 26.5 years, with 55.9% being male. Only 3.2% reported using sEMG in their practice. While 46.2% considered sEMG moderately important for practice, 40.9% deemed it extremely important for research. Most participants felt their undergraduate education inadequately prepared them for using sEMG, with 81.7% rating their preparation as insufficient. Although the master's program improved sEMG knowledge, 66.7% indicated no significant proficiency gain.ConclusionItalian physiotherapists view sEMG mainly as a research tool rather than a clinical one. The findings highlight the need for curriculum reforms to enhance both theoretical and practical sEMG education. Simplifying and standardizing sEMG protocols and integrating sEMG training into physiotherapy curricula are essential steps to better prepare clinicians for its clinical application.
Integrating 3D technology with the Sampaio classification for enhanced percutaneous nephrolithotomy in complex renal calculi treatment
Authors: Zhang Jiamo , Qing Jing , Hu Ke , Cheng Honglin 
Published: October 2024

BackgroundTo investigate the safety and efficacy of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of complicated renal calculi by integrating three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstruction with the Sampaio classification of the renal collecting system.MethodsSixty-four consecutive patients with complex kidney calculi who underwent PCNL between January 2019 and October 2023 were retrospectively analyzed and divided into experimental group (3D printing) and control group (CT imaging) according to their willingness to pay for 3D imaging. Both groups underwent preoperative CT urography. The Digital Imaging and Communications (DICOM) in Medicine data of the experimental group from CT imaging were used for 3D reconstruction and model printing. Then, the Sampaio classification system was used to design the puncture channel and develop a surgical strategy.ResultsThe 3D-printed models of the experimental group successfully displayed the Sampaio classification system. There was no significant difference in the baseline parameters between the groups. Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significant improvements in the puncture time, number of puncture needles, number of puncture channels, target calyx consistency, number of first puncture channels, and stone clearance. There were no significant differences in the total operative time, decrease in the hemoglobin level, length of hospital stay, and postoperative complications between the groups.ConclusionsIntegration of 3D technology with the Sampaio classification of the renal collecting system can enhance the preoperative evaluation and planning of percutaneous renal access. This approach allows a more precise method of PCNL for treating complex renal calculi.
Autonomic regulation in athletic horses repetitively participating in two novice jumping classes on consecutive days
Authors: Wonghanchao Thita , Huangsaksri Onjira , Sanigavatee Kanokpan , Poochipakorn Chanoknun , Chanprame Sarisa , Wongkosoljit Sirapatch , Chotiyothin Wanlapa , Rattanayanon Nontaruj , Kiawwan Ratsamin , Chanda Metha 
Published: October 2024

IntroductionAnimal welfare is of great concern in equestrian sports and has been evaluated in athletic horses competing at different levels. However, the impact of consecutive days of jumping competition and the extent of resultant stress responses remains unclear. To address this point, the present study compared the changes in stress response via heart rate variability (HRV) in horses participating in two national jumping events on consecutive days.MethodsThe study involved six experienced horses equipped with heart rate monitoring devices. HRV variables were measured before, during, and after jumping at 10-min intervals for 60 min on each competition day.ResultsMultiple HRV variables decreased to varying degrees on both days from warm-up until 30 min post-jumping. Meanwhile, the mean heart rate increased during jumping and returned to normal levels at 50 min post-jumping on the first day (for all intervals, p &lt; 0.05–0.001), while it remained elevated beyond 60 min post-jumping on the second day (for all intervals, p &lt; 0.01–0.001). Additionally, maximum heart rate and respiratory rate were higher on the second day than in the first round during the warm-up phase (p &lt; 0.05 for both variables). The proportion of the HRV low-frequency band was higher during riding on the second day (p &lt; 0.05), while the proportion of the high-frequency band was reduced during warm-up on the first day (p &lt; 0.05) and during course riding on the second (p &lt; 0.01). Meanwhile, the sympathetic nervous system index took longer to return to baseline on the second day than on the first.DiscussionThese results suggest that autonomic regulation differed in horses between jumping rounds on two consecutive days, with horses experiencing higher sympathetic activity and potentially increased stress in the second round. This information is important for riders, highlighting the need to be mindful of potential stress that could, at least in part, impact the welfare of horses participating in the same jumping competition on consecutive days.
Technology for Distribution and Control of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in Cherry Tree Soil
Authors: Liu Shenyan , Zheng Yiwen , Yu Kunpeng , Gao Shimeng , Zhao Xiaojuan , Cao Aocheng , Han Qingli 
Published: October 2024

Sakura crown gall, caused by the invasion of Agrobacterium tumefaciens through plant wounds, poses a significant threat to cherry trees. In this study, the distribution of A. tumefaciens was preliminarily determined by stratified sampling and qPCR detection. Vertically, the pathogen is mainly distributed in the soil layer below 20 cm, and the amount of bacteria increases at greater depths. Horizontally, they are found within a 150 cm radius from the trunk. Zhongshengmycin and Oligosaccharide–Ethylicin were applied 100 cm from the trunk at a depth of below 20 cm. In the 20~40 cm soil layer, a 600-fold diluted solution of 3% Zhongshengmycin had a relative control efficacy of 94% to 100% against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, while a 1000-fold diluted solution of 25% Oligosaccharide–Ethylicin showed a control effect ranging from 54% to 100%. Before transplantation, the soil was disinfected with dazomet and abamectin. Application rates were 35 g/m2 for dazomet (98% granules) and 1 mL/m2 for abamectin (1.8% emulsifiable concentrate). The disinfection effectiveness was 77~100% in the 0~60 cm soil layer.
Determinants of Forest Recreation Visitors’ Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Moderating Role of Family Structure
Authors: Tseng Yun-Han , Ku Chih-Ming , Huang Wen-Shiung , Huang Chung-Ching , Wu Homer C. , Hsieh Chi-Ming 
Published: October 2024

This research aims to verify the relationships between destination ij3dentity, environmental concern, and environmentally responsible behavior (ERB), based on the Cognition–Affect–Behavior (C–A–B) model, in the Sun-Link-Sea Forest Recreation Area (SLSFRA) in Taiwan. This study also aims to address the gap in understanding whether tourists’ family structure, with or without children, influences the impact of destination identity on their environmental concerns and ERB. A total of 431 samples were collected through convenience sampling and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicated that destination identity significantly influenced environmental concern, which in turn affected the general and specific ERB. Environmental concern acted as a mediator between destination identity and ERB. Specifically, tourists who strongly identified with the destination were more inclined to be concerned that its environmental condition influenced their travel experience, encouraging them to take action to protect the environment. Families with children who had greater environmental concern exhibited stronger general and specific environmentally responsible behavior (ERB) compared to families without children, who were more influenced by the impact of forest destination identity on their ERB. Practical implications for management and future research suggestions are proposed for relevant organizations and researchers.