bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disentangling Climate and Policy Uncertainties for the Colorado River Post-2026 Operations
Authors: Wang Bowen , Bass Benjamin , Hall Alex , Rahimi Stefan , Huang Lei 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Lakes Mead and Powell in the Colorado River Basin are a critically important source of water and hydroelectric power for the western United States. While the policies currently regulating the basin are set to expire by 2026, planning remains challenging due to intertwined climate variability and policy uncertainties. Based on streamflow projections from 10 dynamically downscaled CMIP6 global climate models, we evaluate future conditions at both reservoirs under existing and alternative policies, including the most recent proposals at the time of this study. We build upon our CMIP6 ensemble by developing methods that add and remove internal variability to robustly characterize how the policies respond to future hydrologic conditions. Under existing policy, the reservoirs will face substantial risks before 2060, with at least 80% likelihood of reaching dead pool at least once. Adopting any of the alternative policies can reduce but not eliminate the risks of Mead reaching a dead or inactive pool, while the risks at Powell remain high. All policies can exhibit tipping points where the reservoir levels can change rapidly with only a slight change in natural flow. We argue that a robust policy should buffer the reservoir from such sudden changes under all conditions, and yield reservoir storage and water delivery outcomes consistent with changes in hydrologic conditions.
Deciphering The Prognostic Impact of Aberrant DNA Methylation on ANGPT1 Gene in Breast Cancer
Authors: Alsaleem Mansour , Sindi Samar , Alhazmi Safiah , Hassan Sabah , Ganash Magdah , Alburae Najla , Alkhayyat Shadi , Linjawi Ayman , Elemi Aisha , Alharthy Saif A. , Algothmi Khloud , Farsi Reem , Alrefaei Ghadeer , Alsubhi Nouf , Hamdi Norah , Alkhatabi Heba 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is a multifaceted disease distinguished by a range of molecular subtypes and varying clinical prognoses. The involvement of DNA methylation in the dysregulation of gene expression has been linked to the development and progression of BC. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between ANGPT1 gene expression and DNA methylation in BC patients. Eight Saudi female blood samples were used to undergo for whole genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA sequencing for the identification of novel DNA methylation targets. Several public domain BC datasets including the METABRIC cohort, TCGA, and Kaplan Meier Plotter datasets, were used to explore the prognostic significance of ANGPT1 gene. Then, the demethylation agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine was used to examine the potential association between DNA methylation and ANGPT1 expression. Finally, the validation was conducted on 49 Saudi females using methylight techniques. Our results shows that upregulation of ANGPT1 gene expression exhibited hypomethylation pattern in BC samples. these results were confirmed by MCF7 cell line experiments. Demethylating using 5-aza in MCF7 and MCF10A showed a high expression of ANGPT1 in both cell lines. ANGPT1 mRNA expression was found to poor prognostic biomarker and lower BCSS in BC patients. The potential importance of abnormal DNA methylation in the development and advancement of BC is significant. ANGPT1 may function as an oncogene and has the potential to serve as a predictive biomarker for BC.
Academic early warning model based on machine learning and model application
Authors: Qiang Li , Yihan Liu , Rui Ma , Qike Wu 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

With the expansion of higher education, the uncertainty of students' academic completion and the diversity of academic crises have posed new challenges to the management of higher education. This study aims to design and implement a dynamic academic early warning system based on machine learning to predict and intervene in students' academic crisis. By analyzing the causes of academic crisis, Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation with Analytic Hierarchy Process (FCE-AHP) method is used to construct an academic early warning indicator system containing 10 key indicators, and ensured the scientificity and rationality of the indicator system through expert scoring and consistency test. On this basis, a radial basis function (RBF) neural network was used to construct an academic early warning model, which outperforms the recurrent neural network (RNN) and Softmax regression model in terms of prediction accuracy and convergence speed. The system was developed using HyperText Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), JavaScript and Python to achieve a user-friendly human-computer interaction interface and provide personalized academic alert services. The experimental results show that the system has high sensitivity and correct recognition ability when dealing with large-scale student datasets, with an accuracy rate of 96.32% and a root mean square error of 0.2926, which meets the practical requirements of academic early warning. The results of this study not only provide a new academic early warning tool for colleges, but also have important practical value for promoting the construction of smart campus and digital campus.
Organic farming significantly improves microbial community structure, network complexity, and functional diversity in the Gannan navel orange orchard
Authors: Liu Lianlian , Muneer Muhammad Atif , Zhong Yanting , He Boyi , Li Xuexian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

In recent years, improper agricultural management practices have led to the loss of biodiversity and poor fruit quality in orchards. Converting conventional farming to organic farming is an environmentally responsible approach to improving sustainable fruit production. However, questions remain regarding how the microbial community responds to different farming practices in citrus trees. Here, we explored and compared the microbial community structure and functional diversity of the Gannan navel orange orchard under organic and conventional farming using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and Biolog Eco-Plate analysis. The results showed that the microbial diversity (α-diversity index) under organic farming was higher than that under conventional farming, especially in the soil and fruit. The predominant bacteria found in the soil, root, leaf, and fruit were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes. However, distinct abundance patterns were observed under different farming practices. Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Firmicutes were more abundant in root and fruit compartments under organic farming, indicating that organic farming promotes the enrichment of copiotrophic bacteria (r-strategists). Furthermore, organic farming resulted in a considerable increase in the relative abundance of Burkholderia and Streptomyces in root tissues (the genus level), indicating that organic farming probably favors the proliferation of beneficial microorganisms and antagonists of pathogenic species. Interestingly, organic farming exhibited a more complex microbial network. Biolog analysis further revealed higher functional diversity of the soil microbial community under organic farming when compared with that under conventional farming. These findings provide evidence that organic farming improves the microbial community structure and promotes its functional diversity in the citrus orchards, contributing to the overall health and production of the citrus crop.
Transcriptome analysis to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in the dormancy-arousal process in Pomacea canaliculata
Authors: Wang Gang , Liu Rongcheng , Yin Chijie , Chen Yu , Pang Aobo , Ji Qiuting , Wei Mengjun , Guo Hao , Shen Yutong , Wang Fang , Hou Shouquan , Zhang Huabin , Jiang Senhao , Tang Boping , Chen Lianfu , Zhang Daizhen 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The apple snail (Pomacea canaliculata), a freshwater snail listed as a pernicious invasive alien species by the World Conservation Union (IUCN), has caused serious agricultural and ecological harm worldwide. The species enters dormancy under extreme environmental stress and does not lift the dormant state until the environment is suitable, which is an important survival strategy. In order to investigate its survival mechanism under environmental stress conditions, the present study was carried out to investigate the response of apple snails to air exposure stress through air exposure stress treatment and transcriptome analysis, using apple snails living normally under water conditions as control (CK), and to excavate the relevant mechanisms regulating their drought tolerance, dormancy and arousal. The results showed that the 5-, 15- and 30-day air-exposure stress treatment groups (DRY05, DRY15 and DRY30) showed a general down-regulation of metabolism-related pathways, including starch and sucrose metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism and glycosaminoglycan degradation, compared with the CK group. Moreover, Apoptosis, intercellular adhesion, insulin resistance, and immune status of apple snails were also significantly changed during dormancy. These changes help the apple snail to reduce energy expenditure and maintain vital activities. In addition, this study found that pathways related to cell cycle, immune signalling and intercellular adhesion were significantly affected when apple snails enter dormancy (DRY01) and arousal (RCY01). This study provides a reference for understanding the tolerance of apple snails to extreme environments, and provides a basic theory for apple snail biocontrol research.
Study on the instability characteristics and precursor signals of pressure relief in large diameter boreholes in coal seam
Authors: Shao Caijun , Zhou Jincheng , Zhang Heng , Liu Guangjian , Lu Weiyong , Xu Yudong , Liang Liang 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

To investigate the mechanisms of instability and precursor information related to coal seam large diameter borehole depressurization. Based on the fine-scale numerical experiment with Universal Distinct Element Code (UDEC) and the macro failure experiment in the laboratory, the influence of borehole parameters on coal sample damage and failure was studied from the perspectives of stress, micro cracking, failure mode, and acoustic emission (AE) information. The results show that the borehole parameters mainly affect the micro damage mechanism of coal samples in the form of shear cracks. The secant modulus and compressive strength of coal sample decrease with the increase of borehole diameter, the shear crack decreases rapidly, and the degree of cavity deformation increases. The compressive strength and impact properties of coal can be effectively reduced after borehole. According to the failure pattern of coal samples, it is found that adjusting the borehole parameters can control the fracture development of coal samples and determine the final failure pattern to a certain extent. The continuous expansion of small energy micro fracture events will lead to large energy local fracture events, and then produce high stress concentration around boreholes, accelerate the intersection of local fracture areas, and lead to the overall instability of coal samples. The research provides a scientific basis for the selection and optimization of the parameters of large-diameter depressurization borehole in coal seam, and has a good guiding significance for the prevention and control of coal burst and the monitoring and early warning.
Simple Method for Ficus Trees Trimming Biowaste Reuse in Production of Biochar as Soil Improvement Material for Drylands
Authors: Genedy Mohamed Kamal , ElNadi Mohamed El-Hosseiny , Abdelmomen Mahmoud Mohamed , Hassan Nany Aly 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Biochar was created using a simple low-cost kiln that was designed to process any biowaste. The kiln consisted of an inside cylindrical chamber of total capacity 0.272 m3. The temperature of pyrolysis may be raised to 550°C at a rate of 5°C per minute. We looked at five residence times (2,2.5,3,4, and 5 hours) to see how temperature affected the quality of the biochars. The surfaces of the generated biochars were measured for elemental compositions, chemical and physical characteristics, and elemental analysis. The production of trimmings from Ficus trees dropped as the pyrolysis temperature increased from 500°C. As the temperature of pyrolysis increased, the output of volatile matter also dropped. As the pyrolysis temperature rose, so did the ash content and fixed C in biochar from Ficus trees trimmings.
Evaluating the Role of Monovalent and Divalent Salts on Interfacial Tension Reduction Using Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Dots for Enhanced Oil Recovery
Authors: Gholamzadeh Younes , Sharifi Mohammad , Hemmati-Sarapardeh Abdolhossein 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Nanofluids based on carbon dots (CDs) effectively reduce interfacial tension (IFT) in enhanced oil recovery (EOR), but their stability against salt ions can be compromised by structural defects. Divalent ions like Ca2+ and Mg2+ can destabilize CDs, causing precipitation, while salts can also enhance IFT reduction. This study evaluates the impact of salt concentration and CD type on IFT between crude oil and water, examining various synthesis parameters and nitrogen-doping reactants. Characterization and IFT tests reveal that T_CDs have the highest polarity, with Ca2+ ions most destabilizing CDs and Mg2+ ions most effectively reducing IFT when CDs are stable. NaCl significantly reduces IFT in low-polar E_CDs (18.3 mN/m), while Ca2+ and Mg2+ increase IFT due to instability. In high-polar T_CDs, NaCl’s IFT reduction ability decreases (0.67 mN/m), but Ca2+ and Mg2+ more effectively reduce IFT by occupying interface sites (2.53 and 3.37 mN/m, respectively). Moderate-polar U_CDs show varied IFT reduction based on salt type and concentration. Longer reaction times and increased citric acid as a reactant enhance CD polarity and IFT reduction for MgCl2 (8.88 mN/m) and CaCl2 (5.3 mN/m) while reducing NaCl’s impact. These findings highlight the complex interactions between nitrogen-doped CDs and salts, providing valuable insights for optimizing EOR operations in dense rock reservoirs.
Prediction of Air Temperature and Relative Humidity in Greenhouse based on Neural Network Model
Authors: Yan Caixia , Ta Na , Zhen Qi , Sun Yunfeng , Liu Kunyu , Li Xiaokai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Greenhouse environmental factors such as temperature and humidity are critical environmental factors influencing plant development, quality, and production quantity, therefore, it is crucial to predict the temperature and humidity. In this study, a back propagation(BP)neural network was proposed to model the temperature and relative humidity of a greenhouse and have obtained a high accuracy pridiction modole. The model considered both internal and external environmental factors influencing crop growth, the best pridiction result accurred when input featurears are outdoor temperature, relative humidity, irradiation intensity and previors indoor temperature and relative humidity,with 9d of training data set, in which the R2 of temperature is 0.999, the RMSE is 0.299℃,and error range is[ -0.240℃, 0.781℃], and the R2 of relative humidity is 0.999, the RMSE is 0.657%, and the error range is [-0.766%, 1.995%]. This model can be used to forecast the temperature and humidity of a greenhouse and guide the control of the temperature and humidity of a greenhouse.
The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Mediating Roles of Social Isolation and Functional Limitations
Authors: Zhu Yan , Yin Haojie , Zhong Xianli , Wang Li , Zhang Qin , Jia Ping 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are among the factors affecting cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, but the combined effects of ACEs, social isolation and functional limitations on cognitive function have not been fully explored.
Methods
This study used data from 6,412 middle-aged and older adults from the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) and the 2014 CHARLS Life Histories Survey. Mplus 8.0 software was used to construct a structural equation model with ACEs as the independent variable, cognitive function as the dependent variable, and social isolation and functional limitations as mediating variables.
Results
In this study, ACEs were positively associated with social isolation and functional limitations (r = 0.081, 0.070, P < 0.01) and negatively associated with cognitive function (r=-0.132, P < 0.01). Social isolation and functional limitations had chain mediating effects on the relationship between ACEs and cognitive function.
Conclusions
ACEs lead to impaired cognitive functioning in middle-aged and older adults, and social isolation and functional limitations influence this relationship. These findings suggest that promoting social integration and physical exercise targeting functional limitations may be important approaches for preventing and mitigating the effects ACEs on cognitive function.
Establishing FRLs using a DMS and comparing to international DRLs in paediatric general X-ray
Authors: Lilli Samuel Montgomery , Perdomo Amanda Alison 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs) can be used to assess the radiation exposure for specific protocols and identify areas of potential optimisation. Despite paediatric general X-ray (GXR) being a relatively low dose modality, due to the high radiosensitivity of children, it is imperative that doses remain as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). This study aims to compare our institute’s Dose-Area-Product (DAP) to currently available local, national, and regional DRLs, as there are currently no Australian DRL values established for paediatric GXR. Methods The DAPs for GXR protocols are recorded in a commercially available DMS software, MyXrayDose, which generates a report of the Facility Reference Levels (FRLs) for all GXR protocols. As MyXrayDose uses age categories, our FRLs were converted to weight-based FRLs using the 50th percentile World Health Organisation and Centres for Disease Control Weight-for-age charts. These were compared to published DRLs. Results From 1st July 2023–30th June 2024, 1008, Abdomen Anterior-Posterior (AP)/Posterior-Anterior (PA) X-rays were conducted in Room 1 with a fixed GXR unit. The FRL for 31.2–56.5 kg patients in Room 1 (1093 mGy.cm2) was more than 2.3 times greater than the European DRL (475 mGy.cm2). The FRLs for patients with an average weight of 6 kg and 14 kg were below the European DRL whilst 25 kg, 44 kg and 60 kg patients exceeded the European Abdomen AP/PA DRL. Conclusions The establishment of DRLs helps institutes identify potential areas of optimisation. As some of our GXR protocols exceed the European DRLs, the next step at our institute is to complete a multi-disciplinary image quality assessment to identify if it is possible to reduce the radiation dose.
Clinical Data Required for the Approval of Pharmaceuticals for Pediatrics in Japan
Authors: Haigo Hisamitsu , Matsuda kenji , Shikano Mayumi 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
In Japan, the number of pharmaceuticals with pediatric indications is small; some of them are approved only in Europe or the USA but not in Japan. Analyses of review reports by Japanese health authorities may clarify the type of data that facilitate the approval of pediatric drugs in Japan.
Methods
We identified products approved for marketing authorization in Japan, extracted relevant product- and review-related information, and summarized the characteristics of pediatric drugs clinical data and drug approval procedures.
Results
Among 625 products (approved 04/2019–02/2024), 171 with pediatric indications were analyzed. The approval review considered orphan drug designation for 56 products, public knowledge-based application for 16 products, mandatory post-marketing surveillance for 42 products, and investigator-initiated studies for 11 products.
Characterization of Emission and odour from a small scale poultry unit
Authors: V Anju A , R. Suja , Pal Poushali , V Sabarinath 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

The emission of odour gases from livestock farms is a significant contributor to global air pollution and the resulting unpleasant odors experienced by communities. However, there is a lack of research on the factors influencing odor emissions and the relationships between different odor properties specifically related to poultry operations. Therefore, the objective of this study is to measure the concentrations and emissions of the main odor-causing gases in a commercial small-scale poultry unit. Four sampling locations were chosen within the poultry unit, including the manure storage area, poultry feed storage area, entrance area of the poultry shed, and the central portion of the poultry shed. Instrumental analysis was performed to determine the concentrations of four predominant malodorous compounds. The results revealed that ammonia was the most prevalent malodorous compound in the sampled locations. To assess the sensory characteristics of the poultry unit, on-site odor intensity (OOI) was evaluated using human olfactometry, where individuals with a normal sense of smell provided sensory assessments. However, due to the time and manpower required for direct sensory assessment, and to address the limitations of olfactometry, a correlation regression model of odor parameters was developed. This allowed the adoption of the Converted Odor Intensity (COI) method as an alternative approach to understand the odor characteristics in a more efficient manner.
Microbial inoculants modulate the rhizosphere microbiome, alleviate plant stress responses and enhance maize growth at field scale
Authors: Francioli Davide , Kampouris Ioannis D. , Kuhl-Nagel Theresa , Babin Doreen , Sommermann Loreen , Behr Jan H. , Chowdhury Soumitra Paul , Zrenner Rita , Moradtalab Narges , Schloter Michael , Geistlinger Jörg , Ludewig Uwe , Neumann Günter , Smalla Kornelia , Grosch Rita 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Field inoculation of crops with beneficial microbes is a promising sustainable strategy to enhance plant fitness and nutrient acquisition. However, effectiveness can vary due to environmental factors, microbial competition, and methodological challenges, while their precise modes of action remain uncertain. This underscores the need for further research to optimize inoculation strategies for consistent agricultural benefits.
Results
Using a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach, we investigated the effects of a consortium of beneficial microbes (BMc) (Pseudomonas sp. RU47, Bacillus atrophaeus ABi03, Trichoderma harzianum OMG16) on maize (cv. Benedictio) through an inoculation experiment conducted within a long-term field trial across intensive and extensive farming practices. Additionally, an unexpected early drought stress emerged as a climatic variable, offering further insight into the effectiveness of the microbial consortium. Our findings demonstrate that BMc inoculation primarily enhanced plant growth and fitness, particularly by increasing iron uptake, which is crucial for drought adaptation. Inoculated maize plants showed improved shoot growth and fitness compared to non-inoculated plants, regardless of farming practices. Specifically, BMc modulated plant hormonal balance, enhanced the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased root exudation of iron-chelating metabolites. Amplicon sequencing revealed shifts in rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities mediated by the consortium, while metagenomic shotgun sequencing indicated enrichment of genes related to antimicrobial lipopeptides and siderophores.
Conclusions
Our findings highlight the multifaceted benefits of BMc inoculation on plant fitness, significantly influencing metabolism, stress responses, and the rhizosphere microbiome. These improvements are crucial for advancing sustainable agricultural practices by enhancing plant resilience and productivity.