bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biocompatible 2D SnSe Nanoflake Employed Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B
Authors: Samui Rajesh , Saha Satyajit , Mandal Amit Kumar , Bhunia Amit Kumar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this article, we report the results of the photocatalytic effect of the cost effective grown SnSe nanoparticles (NPs), nanoflakes (NFs), nanoflowers (NFLs) on the toxic water contaminant dye of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation different duration time. The results showed that for the degradation of 99 %, 96 % and 94 % of the RhB have been occurred in presence of NFs, NFLs, NPs, respectively for the irradiation time of 30 min, 45 min, 65 min, respectively. Before photocatalytic test, the grown SnSe were characterised optically and structurally. The nanoparticles, nano flakes, nanoflowers morphology along with atomic composition of Sn and Se were observed from FESEM images and EDAX analysis. The direct band gap of the NPs, NFs, NFLs was calculated from UV‐VIS spectrum and found to be 1.89 eV, 1.78 eV, 1.7 eV, respectively. The crystal structure showed orthorhombic crystal phase with nanocrystal sizes varies from 22 nm to 31 nm. The Scavenger test in presence of the scavenging elements BQ, IPA, ethanol and EDTA have been discussed. The stability test showed that SnSe NFs is a good and stable catalysis for practical applications. The effect of the NFs, NPs, NFLs on red blood cell showed that all the tested SnSe nanostructures had <2 % hemolysis, suggesting their hemocompatible nature.
Biosynthesized Gold Nanocatalyst Using Ginkgo Biloba Fruit Extract for Efficient Catalytic Degradation of Azo Dyes
Authors: Liu Ying , Liu Huihong , Mahmud Sakil 
Published: October 2024

AbstractGold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are increasingly utilized for their opto‐electrical properties in various high‐tech applications, including electronic conductors, sensory probes, and drug delivery systems. However, their widespread application is limited by their tendency to agglomerate. In this study, AuNPs were synthesized using a cleaner approach and stabilized with Ginkgo biloba fruit extract (GBFE), avoiding toxic agents. The synthesis parameters were optimized using a one‐variable‐at‐a‐time technique, resulting in primarily spherical/oval particles with high crystallinity (d‐spacing=0.204–0.231 nm), nano‐scale size (10.3±2.9 nm), and remarkable stability (zeta potential of −20.06 mV). The synthesis mechanism involved a redox reaction between phytochemicals and metal cations, leading to the generation and stabilization of AuNPs. The AuNPs exhibited catalytic activity in reducing two azo compounds, i. e., reactive yellow 179 (RY179) and reactive orange 5 (RO5) as the models, achieving a degradation rate of over 98 % within 15 minutes. The kinetic rate constants (k) for RY179 and RO5 were calculated as 0.2771 min−1 and 0.2297 min−1, respectively. The AuNPs alone could not degrade azo dyes since NaBH4 was required to provide a source of electrons for transferring to the dye molecules. This eco‐friendly synthesis method demonstrates the potential for synthesizing catalytically active AuNPs for various industrial applications, including wastewater treatment.
Synthesis of Thiazole‐Fused Diosgenin Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents
Authors: Roy Subrata , Budhathoki Shailesh , Alam Mohammad Abrar 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDiosgenin, a hydrolyzed product of phytosteroid saponin, has widely been studied for its medicinal properties. In an effort to find bioactive molecules, 25 novel thiazole‐fused diosgenin molecules have been synthesized by an efficient reaction protocol. The chemistry involves the Oppenauer oxidation followed by double bond isomerization in a one‐pot reaction, epoxidation, and the reaction of urea derivatives with the epoxyketone to synthesize the target compounds. These novel chimeric compounds were tested for their potential antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. Antimicrobial studies against a panel of Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative led to the discovery of some of these molecules as narrow‐spectrum antimicrobial agents against Bacillus subtilis bacteria. In preliminary cytotoxicity studies, 2‐fluorophenyl derivative (10) inhibited the growth of several cell lines of the NCI‐60 cell line panels including >93 % inhibition of UO‐31 cell line. Furthermore, the hit antibacterial compounds are non‐toxic to human cancer cell lines, and the cytotoxic compound is not active against the bacterial strains, showing the selective therapeutic potential of the chimeric compounds.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Composite of Cuttlefish Bone (Sepia sp.) With Gelatin as Rhodamine b Dye Adsorbent
Authors: Jamarun Novesar , Gihwani Gian , Septiani Upita , Yadris Faradia , Refki Novesar M. , Rahmadani Putri Dhea 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn this study, hydroxyapatite‐gelatin (HAp‐Gel) composite using Ca precursor from cuttlefish bone (Sepia Sp.) has great potential to be used in hydroxyapatite synthesis. The HAp‐Gel composite was synthesized in‐situ by sol‐gel method with varying concentrations to see its ability to adsorb rhodamine b dye. XRF analysis results obtained a CaO content of 95.561 %. The 40 % HAp‐Gel composite showed the best adsorption capacity, with a percentage of 27.326 %, which experienced an increase in the percentage of hydroxyapatite adsorption capacity, namely 4.6881 %. FTIR results from 40 % HAp‐Gel composite obtained characteristic peaks of functional groups contained in hydroxyapatite and gelatin. XRD analysis showed the diffraction pattern of HAp by the ICSD standard spectrum (#157481), and the average size of the hydroxyapatite crystal was 9.72 nm. In comparison, the 40 % HAp‐Gel composite crystal was 5.25 nm. SEM‐EDS results showed that the composite morphology was agglomerated with irregular shapes and a Ca/P ratio 1.56. SAA results showed a composite surface area of 55.256 m2/g. The 40 % HAp‐Gel composite sorption application followed the Freudlich isotherm model with multilayer adsorption on the heterogeneous adsorbent surface. The interaction between rhodamine B and HAp‐Gel 40 % occurs at pseudo‐second‐order and can be reused up to two cycles when interacting with rhodamine B.
Efficacy of Radical‐Scavenging Activity in Novel Diorganotin(IV) Complexes of Schiff Bases of Salicylaldehyde
Authors: Sharma Shobhita , Sharma Shobhana , Meena Shiv Om , Vashishtha Manish 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBiopotent hybrid diorganotin(IV) complexes, derived from salicylaldehyde Schiff bases having general formula R2SnL, where LH = (OH)C6H4HC: NCR′(R″)CHR‴OH] [where R = Me or Bu], were logically designed, generated, and characterized using spectroscopic techniques, single‐crystal X‐ray investigations, and DFT studies. Different diorganotin(IV) complexes were synthesized because of interaction between diorganotin(IV) dichloride and sodium salts of Schiff bases of salicylaldehyde ligand in anhydrous refluxing THF at 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio (Product A and B). The chelating property of Schiff bases replaces organo group from diorganotin(IV) dichloride. It creates an O2SnL type of complex when diorganotin(IV) dichloride and ligand interact in 1:2 ratio, which is this study's most fascinating aspect. The characterization of these complexes is aided by physicochemical and spectroscopic investigations, including IR and NMR (1H, 13C, and 119Sn). Single‐crystal X‐ray investigations, mass spectrum studies, and DFT investigations suggest the dimeric structure of these compounds. These diorganotin(IV) complexes have a dimeric structure containing hexacoordinated central tin atom. Two µ2─O atoms bridge the gap between two Sn(IV) atoms in the dimeric dimethyltin(IV) complexes. The DPPH assay results for radical scavenging activity and IC50 values demonstrate the antioxidative potential of diorganotin(IV).
Aluminum‐Doped Indium Oxide Electron Transport Layer Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition: Highly Efficient and Damage‐Resistant Interconnection Solution for All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells with 25.46% Efficiency
Authors: Youn Pil Ju , Woo Mun Young , Won Jong Hyeon , Im Jeong Min , Lee Jun Hyuk , Noh Jun Hong , Han Jeong Hwan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn fabricating high‐efficiency all‐perovskite tandem solar cells (APTSCs) with a p‐i‐n configuration, the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in facilitating the transport of photogenerated electrons from the front cell to the recombination layer and protecting the front cell from damage during rear cell fabrication. This study introduces aluminum‐doped In2O3 (AIO) films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a promising ETL for high‐efficiency APTSCs. ALD‐grown AIO films with an optimized Al concentration exhibit superior charge transport characteristics, excellent transparency, and damage‐resistant barrier properties against solution infiltration compared with conventional SnO2 ETLs and undoped ALD In2O3. Using an ALD SnO2/3 at.% AIO bilayer as the electron transport layer, an efficiency of 18.33% is achieved from single‐junction wide bandgap perovskite solar cells. Furthermore, the use of ALD SnO2/3 at.% AIO ETL enables the reliable fabrication of APTSCs with negligible solution damage to the front cell and minimized power loss. Consequently, APTSC employing the ALD AIO‐based ETL exhibit an excellent photoconversion efficiency of 25.46%, outperforming APTSCs with the ALD SnO2 ETL.
Chirality Engineering of Nanostructured Copper Oxide for Enhancing Oxygen Evolution from Water Electrolysis
Authors: Li Ying , Qiu Liang , Tian Rui , Liu Zhongli , Yao Lin , Huang Lufei , Li Wei , Wang Yuyin , Wang Tao , Zhou Baowen 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe exploration of a new conceptual strategy for improving the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) of earth‐abundant electrocatalysts is critical. In this study, chiral copper oxide nanoflower is explored by a self‐assembly method. The characterization suggests the chiral structure originates from the crystal plane‐level helical stack of the secondary nanosheets. Of note, the assembly illustrates a record‐high degree of spin polarization of 96%, indicating the ideal alignment of electron spin. Moreover, density function theory calculations show the chiral structure reducing the reaction energy barrier (REB) while switching the potential‐determining step from *O→*OOH to *OH→*O. Together with the enhanced electrochemical active surface area and accelerated charge transfer, the production of ground‐state triplet O2 is improved via a spin‐forbidden route that involves the singlet H2O/OH•. Consequently, the chiral nanoflower shows a overpotential of 308 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 93.5 mV dec−1, which is even superior to the commercial RuO2 (310 mV, 101 mV dec−1). This study presents a new strategy for improving the OER activity by simultaneously enhancing electronic properties and lowering the REB of an non‐noble electrocatalyst via chirality engineering.
Impact of age-related hearing loss on decompensation of left DLPFC during speech perception in noise: a combined EEG-fNIRS study
Authors: Wang Songjian , Liu Yi , Kou Nuonan , Chen Younuo , Liu Tong , Wang Yuan , Wang Shuo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractUnderstanding speech-in-noise is a significant challenge for individuals with age-related hearing loss (ARHL). Evidence suggests that increased activity in the frontal cortex compensates for impaired speech perception in healthy aging older adults. However, whether older adults with ARHL still show preserved compensatory function and the specific neural regulatory mechanisms underlying such compensation remains largely unclear. Here, by utilizing a synchronized EEG-fNIRS test, we investigated the neural oscillatory characteristics of the theta band and synchronous hemodynamic changes in the frontal cortex during a speech recognition task in noise. The study included healthy older adults (n = 26, aged 65.4 ± 2.8), those with mild hearing loss (n = 26, aged 66.3 ± 3.8), and those with moderate to severe hearing loss (n = 26, aged 67.5 ± 3.7). Results showed that, relative to healthy older adults, older adults with ARHL exhibited lower activation and weakened theta band neural oscillations in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) under noisy conditions, and this decreased activity correlated with high-frequency hearing loss. Meanwhile, we found that the connectivity of the frontoparietal network was significantly reduced, which might depress the top-down articulatory prediction function affecting speech recognition performance in ARHL older adults. The results suggested that healthy aging older adults might exhibit compensatory attentional resource recruitment through a top-down auditory-motor integration mechanism. In comparison, older adults with ARHL reflected decompensation of the left DLPFC involving the frontoparietal integration network during speech recognition tasks in noise.
Impact of co-presence of malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis factors on prognosis in lower extremity artery disease patients after endovascular therapy
Authors: Ohmure Kenta , Kanda Daisuke , Ikeda Yoshiyuki , Tokushige Akihiro , Sonoda Takeshi , Arikawa Ryo , Anzaki Kazuhiro , Ohishi Mitsuru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractMalnutrition and inflammation are common problems of adverse outcomes in various diseases as atherosclerosis. Recently, the concept of malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis (MIA) syndrome is known to a crucial prognostic factor in patients with end-stage renal disease. We investigated the prognostic impact of the co-presence of MIA factors in patients with lower-extremity artery disease (LEAD) after endovascular therapy (EVT). This retrospective study included 284 patients with LEAD who underwent EVT. MIA factors were defined in patients with: low geriatric nutritional risk index (< 92) as “malnourished”; greater high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (≥ 0.1 mg/dL) as “inflamed”; a history of coronary artery revascularization, lacunar or atherothrombotic brain infarction as “atherosclerotic”. We examined the relationship between baseline characteristics and major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) including all-cause mortality. Sixty-two patients (22%) died and 72 patients (25%) had MACCE, including all-cause death. Forty-four (16%) patients had every 3 of MIA (3-MIA) factors. The mean follow-up period was 737 days. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis models revealed that 3-MIA factors correlated significantly with all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) 3.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.89–6.34; p < 0.001] and MACCE (HR 2.91, 95% CI 1.62–5.22; p < 0.001), after adjusting for relevant factors. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the rates of all-cause death (p < 0.001) and MACCE (p < 0.001) were significantly higher when the MIA factors overlapped and are observed in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia. Among patients with LEAD after EVT, the co-presence of MIA factors was an independent risk factor for all-cause death and MACCE.
Graphical abstract
Tectonic activation and the risk of Ilisu Dam collapse to Iraq through modelling and simulation using HEC-RAS
Authors: Al-Gurairy Ahmad , Al-Jubory Mohamed S. , Al-Ansari Nadhir , Muhammad Awadh Salih , Al-Zubaidi Ali H. , Al-Sadun Muhammad T. , Al-Ghurairy Riyadh M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFloods caused by dam failures can cause huge losses of life and property, especially in estuarine areas and valleys. In spite of all the capabilities and great improvements reached by man in the construction of dams and their structures, they will remain helpless before the powerful forces of nature, especially those related to tectonic activation, and the occurrence of earthquakes of different intensities.The region extending from the Ilisu Dam in Turkey to the Mosul Dam in Iraq was chosen as an area for this study, and the HEC-RAS application was used to simulate the collapse of the Ilisu Dam due to a major earthquake, to know the magnitude of the risks and losses that could result from this. The Ilisu Dam was built very close to a highly tectonically active fault system, particularly the East Anatolian Fault (EAF), which is one of the largest tectonically active faults in the world with a length of 500 km. This region has witnessed past and present earthquakes of high magnitude (M > 7), especially in the EAF, so the construction of the Ilisu Dam near the EAF fault system is of great concern, as it was built in a basin with very complex seismic activity and geology.Using the HEC-RAS simulation application, the study found that the flood resulting from the collapse of the Ilisu Dam would reach the edges of the Mosul Dam Lake in just 13 h. With a flow of more than 100,000 m3/s, more than 10 billion m3 of water will flow into the Mosul Dam Lake within four days of the disaster. This will lead to the collapse of the Mosul Dam and direct the flood wave of the collapse of these dams towards Baghdad through Mosul, Tikrit, and Samarra. This could pose risks to all Iraqi cities located within the Iraqi sedimentary plain (Mesopotamia), from south of the Mosul Dam up to Basra, in a scenario similar to Noah’s Flood.
Investigating Potential Interactive Effects Between Limbal Rings and Facial Attractiveness
Authors: Howard Matt C. , Brown Mitch 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLimbal rings are dark bands in the eyes that circle the iris. Previous research suggests that the presence of limbal rings augments perceptions of male faces as healthy and attractive, particularly among female perceivers. Nonetheless, a degree of heterogeneity exists in attractiveness effects across different stimulus sets. One possibility of this discrepancy could be previously undetected differences in attractiveness across different social targets that impede a clearer understanding for the signal value of limbal rings. Namely, it could be possible that the attractiveness advantage of faces with limbal rings is most apparent among highly attractive stimuli. This study sought to reconcile this discrepancy by developing a novel stimulus set that systematically varies the attractiveness of social targets in addition to the presence of limbal rings in male faces. Women evaluated these targets based on perceptions of their health and attractiveness. Although limbal rings continued to augment perceptions of health in male faces, no differences emerged in the attractiveness of faces with and without limbal rings.
Evaluating the Growth Response of Ricinus communis L. Cultivars to Salt Stress Using a Fast and Reliable Bioassay
Authors: Carrino Linda , Visconti Donato , Todisco Daniele , Fiorentino Nunzio , Meers Erik , Fagnano Massimo 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHere is proposed an easy, fast, and economic technique to investigate plant physiological traits in response to salt stress by using castor bean (Ricinus communis L.). Four Ricinus communis L. cultivars (TUNI 1, TUNI 4, C1012, and C1028) were grown in a growth chamber for 15 days on a sand substrate and were watered regularly with deionised water or NaCl solution (water electrical conductivity (EC) 4, or 8 dS m− 1) to keep soil moisture close to field capacity. According to roots, stem, and germination traits and derived indices, TUNI 1 and TUN4 showed the best growth performance on sand irrigated with 4 dS m− 1 and 8 dS m− 1, respectively. Besides, comparing C1028 and C1012, the former showed a higher tolerance at the maximum electrical conductivity tested related to the latter, increasing salt tolerance index (STI) of roots (+ 25%) and stem (+ 20%). In conclusion, the present findings suggest that the TUNI 4 cultivar of Ricinus communis L. demonstrates superior overall performance, even under highly saline conditions, such as irrigation with 8 dS m− 1. Conversely, the TUNI 1 cultivar shows a good ability to perform in marginal soils with moderate salinity levels, such as those irrigated with 4 dS m− 1. Our results represent the first step towards optimization of a cost-effective method/bioassay for the selection of salt tolerant Ricinus communis L. cultivars and genotypes.
Introducing the ethical-epistemic matrix: a principle-based tool for evaluating artificial intelligence in medicine
Authors: Adams Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractWhile there has been much discussion of the ethical assessment of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine, such work has rarely been combined with the parallel body of scholarship analyzing epistemic implications of AI. This paper proposes a method for joint evaluation of AI’s ethical and epistemic implications in medicine that draws on the principle-oriented tradition in bioethics and the consequent ‘ethical matrix’ approach to assessing novel technologies. It first introduces principle-based approaches as specific tools for ethical assessment of AI in medicine and other domains that are contrasted with the lack of comparable epistemic principles that would govern AI evaluation in medicine. In the next section, the ethical matrix is explained as a well-established principle-based tool in applied ethics that has had some limited applications to near-term implications of AI in medicine and elsewhere that can be strengthened, I suggest, using epistemic principles. To this end, the following section looks to the philosophy of science for relevant epistemic principles, identifying ‘accuracy’, ‘consistency’, ‘relevance’, and ‘instrumental efficacy’ as a provisional set for technology evaluation. The next section articulates the relevance of these epistemic principles to AI in medicine by highlighting conventional standards that have already been applied in AI, epistemology, and the medical sciences. Before concluding, the paper then defines and defends the possibility of an ‘ethical-epistemic matrix’ for the application of these epistemic principles alongside established ethical principles to a selection of stakeholder groups: patients, clinicians, developers, and the public.
Peer-led teaching with adjunctive virtual reality leads to increased confidence and engagement in surgical education amongst medical students
Authors: Panzures Alexis , Kam Man Hei Marcus , Wu Chin-Jui Ray , Sivakumar Akkhash , Vishvanathan V. Jaya Verman , Tang Isaac Jing Wen , Farid Aqif Farhan Azmil , Oon Guo Rong 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aims of this study are to (1) evaluate the efficacy of peer-led teaching in post-surgical complications; (2) evaluate the role of virtual reality (VR) in peer-led teaching; and (3) assess the impact of performance-affecting factors (core knowledge coverage, quality of teaching, confidence in peer tutors, and engagement) in peer-led teaching with VR.

Methods
30 medical students in clinical years of a 6-year Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBChB) program participated in a peer-led tutorial and VR scenario on common post-surgical complications. Each tutorial consisted of two tutors and up to eight participants. Participants then answered a 13-item questionnaire using 5-point Likert scales.

Results
28 (93%) participants showed marked improvement or remained at the previous ≥ 4 Likert rating for self-perceived experience and expertise after peer-led teaching (p < 0.05); and 30 (100%) after the VR scenario (p < 0.05). Increased confidence in peer tutors, quality of teaching and engagement correlated with improved confidence in VR and real-life post-surgical complications (p < 0.05). 24 (80%) participants felt performance pressure was diminished with VR simulation.

Conclusions
The use of peer-led teaching with VR scenarios increases medical student engagement in learning and confidence in dealing with post-surgical complications. Further long-term research with larger cohorts is recommended.