bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is removal of the implants needed after fixation of burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine without fusion?
Authors: Chou P-H. , Ma H-L. , Liu C-L. , Wang S-T. , Lee O. K. , Chang M-C. , Yu W-K. 
Published: January 2016

Methods In this study of patients who underwent internal fixation without fusion for a burst thoracolumbar or lumbar fracture, we compared the serial changes in the injured disc height (DH), and the fractured vertebral body height (VBH) and kyphotic angle between patients in whom the implants were removed and those in whom they were not. Radiological parameters such as injured DH, fractured VBH and kyphotic angle were measured. Functional outcomes were evaluated using the Greenough low back outcome scale and a VAS scale for pain. Results Between June 1996 and May 2012, 69 patients were analysed retrospectively; 47 were included in the implant removal group and 22 in the implant retention group. After a mean follow-up of 66 months (48 to 107), eight patients (36.3%) in the implant retention group had screw breakage. There was no screw breakage in the implant removal group. All radiological and functional outcomes were similar between these two groups. Although solid union of the fractured vertebrae was achieved, the kyphotic angle and the anterior third of the injured DH changed significantly with time (p < 0.05). Discussion The radiological and functional outcomes of both implant removal and retention were similar. Although screw breakage may occur, the implants may not need to be removed. Take home message: Implant removal may not be needed for patients with burst fractures of the thoracolumbar and lumbar spine after fixation without fusion. However, information should be provided beforehand regarding the possibility of screw breakage. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:109–16.
Manipulation and reduction of paediatric fractures of the distal radius and forearm using intranasal diamorphine and 50% oxygen and nitrous oxide in the emergency department
Authors: Kurien T. , Price K. R. , Pearson R. G. , Dieppe C. , Hunter J. B. 
Published: January 2016

A retrospective study was performed in 100 children aged between two and 16 years, with a dorsally angulated stable fracture of the distal radius or forearm, who were treated with manipulation in the emergency department (ED) using intranasal diamorphine and 50% oxygen and nitrous oxide. Pre- and post-manipulation radiographs, the final radiographs and the clinical notes were reviewed. A successful reduction was achieved in 90 fractures (90%) and only three children (3%) required remanipulation and Kirschner wire fixation or internal fixation.The use of Entonox and intranasal diamorphine is safe and effective for the closed reduction of a stable paediatric fracture of the distal radius and forearm in the ED.By facilitating discharge on the same day, there is a substantial cost benefit to families and the NHS and we recommend this method.Take home message: Simple easily reducible fractures of the distal radius and forearm in children can be successfully and safely treated in the ED using this approach, thus avoiding theatre admission and costly hospital stay.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;97-B:131–6.
Correcting deformity in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Mullaji A. B. , Shetty G. M. 
Published: January 2016

Collateral ligament release is advocated in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) to deal with significant coronal plane deformities, but is also associated with significant disadvantages. We describe steps to avoid release of the collateral (superficial medial and lateral collateral) ligaments during TKA in severely deformed knees, while correcting deformity and balancing the knee. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):101–4.
Deep infection after hip arthroplasty
Authors: Whitehouse M. R. , Parry M. C. , Konan S. , Duncan C. P. 
Published: January 2016

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) complicates between 0.5% and 1.2% primary total hip arthroplasties (THAs) and may have devastating consequences. The traditional assessment of patients suffering from PJI has involved the serological study of inflammatory markers and microbiological analysis of samples obtained from the joint space. Treatment has involved debridement and revision arthroplasty performed in either one or two stages. We present an update on the burden of PJI, strategies for its diagnosis and treatment, the challenge of resistant organisms and the need for definitive evidence to guide the treatment of PJI after THA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):27–30.
The role of cages in the management of severe acetabular bone defects at revision arthroplasty
Authors: Mäkinen T. J , Fichman S. G. , Watts E. , Kuzyk P. R. T. , Safir O. A. , Gross A. E. 
Published: January 2016

An uncemented hemispherical acetabular component is the mainstay of acetabular revision and gives excellent long-term results. Occasionally, the degree of acetabular bone loss means that a hemispherical component will be unstable when sited in the correct anatomical location or there is minimal bleeding host bone left for biological fixation. On these occasions an alternative method of reconstruction has to be used. A major column structural allograft has been shown to restore the deficient bone stock to some degree, but it needs to be off-loaded with a reconstruction cage to prevent collapse of the graft. The use of porous metal augments is a promising method of overcoming some of the problems associated with structural allograft. If the defect is large, the augment needs to be protected by a cage to allow ingrowth to occur. Cup-cage reconstruction is an effective method of treating chronic pelvic discontinuity and large contained or uncontained bone defects. This paper presents the indications, surgical techniques and outcomes of various methods which use acetabular reconstruction cages for revision total hip arthroplasty. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):73–7.
Prophylactic peri-operative local antibiotic irrigation
Authors: Whiteside L. A. 
Published: January 2016

An extensive review of the spinal and arthroplasty literature was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of local antibiotic irrigation during surgery. The efficacy of antibiotic irrigation for the prevention of acute post-operative infection after total joint arthroplasty was evaluated retrospectively in 2293 arthroplasties (1990 patients) between January 2004 and December 2013. The mean follow-up was 73 months (20 to 139). One surgeon performed all the procedures with minimal post-operative infection.The intra-operative protocol included an irrigation solution of normal saline with vancomycin 1000 mg/l and polymyxin 250 000 units/l at the rate of 2 l per hour. No patient required re-admission for primary infection or further antibiotic treatment. Two morbidly obese patients (two total hip arthroplasties) developed subcutaneous fat necrosis requiring debridement and one was revised because the deep capsular sutures were contaminated by the draining subcutaneous haematoma. One patient who had undergone total knee arthroplasty had unrecognised damage to the lateral superior geniculate artery and developed a haematoma that became infected secondarily four months after the surgery and underwent revision.The use of antibiotic irrigation during arthroplasty surgery has been highly effective for the prevention of infection in the author’s practice. However, it should be understood that any routine prophylactic use of antibiotics may result in resistant organisms, and the wise stewardship of the use of antibiotics is an important part of surgical practice.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):23–6.
Hip resurfacing
Authors: Brooks P. J. 
Published: January 2016

Hip resurfacing has been proposed as an alternative to traditional total hip arthroplasty in young, active patients. Much has been learned following the introduction of metal-on-metal resurfacing devices in the 1990s. The triad of a well-designed device, implanted accurately, in the correct patient has never been more critical than with these implants. Following Food and Drug Administration approval in 2006, we studied the safety and effectiveness of one hip resurfacing device (Birmingham Hip Resurfacing) at our hospital in a large, single-surgeon series. We report our early to mid–term results in 1333 cases followed for a mean of 4.3 years (2 to 5.7) using a prospective, observational registry. The mean patient age was 53.1 years (12 to 84); 70% were male and 91% had osteoarthritis. Complications were few, including no dislocations, no femoral component loosening, two femoral neck fractures (0.15%), one socket loosening (0.08%), three deep infections (0.23%), and three cases of metallosis (0.23%). There were no destructive pseudotumours. Overall survivorship at up to 5.7 years was 99.2%. Aseptic survivorship in males under the age of 50 was 100%. We believe this is the largest United States series of a single surgeon using a single resurfacing system. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B (1 Suppl A):10–13.
Systemic cobalt toxicity from total hip arthroplasties
Authors: Cheung A. C. , Banerjee S. , Cherian J. J. , Wong F. , Butany J. , Gilbert C. , Overgaard C. , Syed K. , Zywiel M. G. , Jacobs J. J. , Mont M. A. 
Published: January 2016

Recently, the use of metal-on-metal articulations in total hip arthroplasty (THA) has led to an increase in adverse events owing to local soft-tissue reactions from metal ions and wear debris. While the majority of these implants perform well, it has been increasingly recognised that a small proportion of patients may develop complications secondary to systemic cobalt toxicity when these implants fail. However, distinguishing true toxicity from benign elevations in cobalt ion levels can be challenging.The purpose of this two part series is to review the use of cobalt alloys in THA and to highlight the following related topics of interest: mechanisms of cobalt ion release and their measurement, definitions of pathological cobalt ion levels, and the pathophysiology, risk factors and treatment of cobalt toxicity. Historically, these metal-on-metal arthroplasties are composed of a chromium-cobalt articulation.The release of cobalt is due to the mechanical and oxidative stresses placed on the prosthetic joint. It exerts its pathological effects through direct cellular toxicity.This manuscript will highlight the pathophysiology of cobalt toxicity in patients with metal-on-metal hip arthroplasties.Take home message: Patients with new or evolving hip symptoms with a prior history of THA warrant orthopaedic surgical evaluation. Increased awareness of the range of systemic symptoms associated with cobalt toxicity, coupled with prompt orthopaedic intervention, may forestall the development of further complications.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:6–13.
The modern, hybrid total hip arthroplasty for primary osteoarthritis at the Hospital for Special Surgery
Authors: González Della Valle A. , Sharrock N. , Barlow M. , Caceres L. , Go G. , Salvati E. A. 
Published: January 2016

We describe our technique and rationale using hybrid fixation for primary total hip arthroplasty (THA) at the Hospital for Special Surgery. Modern uncemented acetabular components have few screw holes, or no holes, polished inner surfaces, improved locking mechanisms, and maximised thickness and shell-liner conformity. Uncemented sockets can be combined with highly cross-linked polyethylene liners, which have demonstrated very low wear and osteolysis rates after ten to 15 years of implantation. The results of cement fixation with a smooth or polished surface finished stem have been excellent, virtually eliminating complications seen with cementless fixation like peri-operative femoral fractures and thigh pain. Although mid-term results of modern cementless stems are encouraging, the long-term data do not show reduced revision rates for cementless stems compared with cemented smooth stems. In this paper we review the conduct of a hybrid THA, with emphasis on pre-operative planning, surgical technique, hypotensive epidural anaesthesia, and intra-operative physiology.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):54–9.
Defining high activity in arthroplasty patients
Authors: Robertson N. B. , Battenberg A. K. , Kertzner M. , Schmalzried T. P. 
Published: January 2016

There is evidence that high levels of physical activity following arthroplasty of the hip or knee can lead to early revision. However, the term ‘highly active’ is not well defined. A validated ankle accelerometer was used to quantify activity in 13 patients, who had undergone a total of 20 arthroplasties of the lower limbs and who had active lifestyles. The assessments were taken at a mean of 8.7 years post-operatively (1.8 to 15.8). The mean gait cycles per day was 8273 (5964 to 12 557), which extrapolates to 3.0 million cycles per year (cpy) (2.2 to 4.6). The mean percentage of time spent in high activity mode was 4.3%, or about one hour per day. The mean percentage of cycles in high activity was 40%. Based on these data, we propose the following definitions of high activity: > 3 million cpy; one hour per day in high activity mode; 40% of cycles in high activity mode. Extrapolating the sample of activity over the time since operation, the mean cycles per arthroplasty was 25.2 million, with a maximum of 44.1 million. No joint has been revised, or shows evidence of impending failure. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):95–7.
Evaluation and management of chronic total hip instability
Authors: Sheth N. P. , Melnic C. M. , Paprosky W. G. 
Published: January 2016

Given the increasing number of total hip arthroplasty procedures being performed annually, it is imperative that orthopaedic surgeons understand factors responsible for instability. In order to treat this potentially complex problem, we recommend correctly classifying the type of instability present based on component position, abductor function, impingement, and polyethylene wear. Correct classification allows the treating surgeon to choose the appropriate revision option that ultimately will allow for the best potential outcome.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B(1 Suppl A):44–9.
Students’ perspectives on online and face-to-face components of a blended course design in Health and Kinesiology at a South Western Public University in the USA
Authors: Njororai Simiyu Wycliffe W. , Njororai Fletcher J. , Chanumolu Tejaswini 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> The current higher education environment in the United States of America (USA) and worldwide is focused on providing people an opportunity to access a quality education at a competitive price and one that is flexible enough to meet the needs of a diverse student demographic. It is therefore necessary for course delivery methods to accommodate these diverse needs without sacrificing rigor necessary for accreditation due to the diverse backgrounds, occupations, and time constraints of students in today’s environment</p><p><strong>Purpose:</strong> The purpose of this study was to establish the students’ perception of the online and face-to-face components of a blended course design at a South Western Public University in the USA.</p><p><strong>Methods and material</strong>: The sample of this study consisted of 200 students drawn from four different blended courses in the Department of health and Kinesiology at a medium sized public university in South West of USA. A modified questionnaire from Sitter et al., (2009) with 19 questions was used to collect responses from students. The survey instrument employed a 5-point Likert scale ranging from strongly agree (5), to strongly disagree (1). </p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Majority of the students have a positive view of the blended learning including the online and face-to-face components. A consistent minority of the students expressed disagreement especially pertaining to technology-based communication, preferred mode of delivery, online discussion participation and grade scores.</p><p><strong>Discussion</strong>: Although the majority of students perceived blended learning and its components positively, there is need for instructors to address the communication, technology, and online learning facilitation challenges if all learners are to learn effectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and recommendations</strong>: It is clear that the majority of students are ready and have accepted blended learning course designs at this medium sized public university in south west of the United States of America and therefore there is room for expansion of the initiative to benefit more students.</p>
HIỆN TRẠNG NGUỒN LỢI HẢI SẢN TẦNG ĐÁY Ở VÙNG BIỂN VIỆT NAM, NĂM 2012 - 2013
Authors: Nhuan Mai Cong , Nghia Nguyen Viet , Thanh Tran Van 
Published: January 2016

Trong hai năm 2012 - 2013, dự án “Điều tra tổng thể hiện trạng và biến động nguồn lợi hải sản biển Việt Nam” đã thực hiện được 2 chuyến điều tra nguồn lợi hải sản tầng đáy bằng lưới kéo đáy ở vùng biển Việt Nam. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, phân bố nguồn lợi hải sản tầng đáy có sự khác nhau theo các vùng biển. Số lượng loài bắt gặp trong các chuyến điều tra khá phong phú với tổng số 685 loài xác định trong mùa gió Đông Bắc và 598 loài trong mùa gió Tây Nam. Năng suất khai thác trung bình (kg/h) của toàn vùng biển Việt Nam là 55,41 kg/h và mật độ phân bố nguồn lợi CPUA (tấn/km2) là 0,66 tấn/km2. Trữ lượng ước tính trung bình cho toàn vùng biển Việt Nam khoảng 794.188 tấn. Trong đó, vùng biển vịnh Bắc Bộ khoảng 121.775 tấn; vùng biển Trung Bộ khoảng 363.526 tấn; vùng biển Đông Nam Bộ khoảng 231.735 tấn và vùng biển Tây Nam Bộ khoảng 77.151 tấn.
Por un futuro mejor: programa de promoción de la salud para Afrodescendientes
Authors: Velásquez Gutierrez Vilma Florisa , López Díaz Alba Lucero , Puerto Ana Helena , Cataño Ordoñez Nhora , Idaly Muñoz Alba 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Introducción:</strong> Las familias afrocolombianas se caracterizan por vivir en contextos de alta vulnerabilidad, que requieren su fortalecimiento con programas en promoción de la salud<strong>. </strong>Objetivo: Construir un programa de promoción de la salud, con familias afrocolombianas en situación de pobreza en Tumaco, año 2012. <strong>Materiales y Métodos:</strong> Investigación - Acción - Participativa, conformando un grupo y comisión de seguimiento, esto permitió la adaptación de la propuesta de Martí a través de cuatro etapas en el proceso. <strong>Resultados:</strong> El programa de Promoción de la Salud fue una construcción colectiva entre el grupo Investigación Acción Participación, la comisión de seguimiento y las familias, realizada en cuatro fases: Etapa 1: Inicio y preparación del campo. Etapa 2. Diagnóstico: Aproximación al universo de las familias afrocolombianas. Etapa 3. Construcción y aplicación de programa de promoción de la salud: “Del dicho al hecho superamos los trechos”. Etapa 4. Evaluación y proyección del programa: “Evaluando vamos terminando”. <strong>Discusión y</strong> <strong>Conclusiones:</strong> La construcción social del programa de promoción de la salud, así como el abordaje pedagógico y didáctico para el desarrollo del mismo, se desarrolló en función del contexto cultural, desde la perspectiva de la Investigación Acción Participación. El programa “Por un futuro mejor” permitió crear nuevos conocimientos a familias, líderes y profesionales de la salud a partir de la realidad e intercambio de saberes, con acciones dirigidas a fortalecer el amor propio, la comunicación, el entorno y la participación, con el fin de mejorar las condiciones de salud. </p><p><strong><em>Cómo citar este artículo:</em></strong> <em>Velásquez VF,</em> <em>López AL<strong>,</strong></em><em> Puerto AH,</em> <em>Cataño N,</em> <em>Muñoz AI.</em> <em>Por un futuro mejor: programa de promoción de la salud para Afrodescendientes</em>.<strong> </strong><em>Rev Cuid. 2016; 7(1):1185-94.</em><em> </em><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i1.239"><em>http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i1.239</em></a><em> </em></p>
La humanización de la atención en los servicios de salud: un asunto de cuidado
Authors: Correa Zambrano Martha Liliana 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Introducción:</strong> La tecnificación de los servicios de salud, la prioridad por la eficiencia y el control del costo, han hecho que el personal de salud anteponga aspectos administrativos, financieros y procedimentales a la prestación de un servicio de salud orientado al ser humano. <strong>Materiales y</strong> <strong>Métodos:</strong> Artículo de reflexión sobre temas relacionados con la humanización de los servicios de salud, hace una exhortación sobre la responsabilidad que todos los actores del sistema de salud tienen frente al paciente y su familia, así como su participación en la práctica de salud por medio del cuidado. <strong>Resultados:</strong> Se señalan algunos aspectos desde la ética y la integralidad que contribuyen a humanizar los servicios de salud involucrando a los profesionales, gestores de salud y usuarios. <strong>Discusión y Conclusiones:</strong> Desde la perspectiva de los usuarios existen dificultades en la atención brindada por los profesionales de salud, especialmente en su integridad, esta situación puede presentarse como consecuencia del sistema de salud, donde la persona como sujeto de derecho es cada vez más invisible.</p><p><strong><em>Cómo citar este artículo:</em></strong><em> Correa ML</em><em>. </em><em>La humanización de la atención en los servicios de salud: un asunto de cuidado</em>.<strong> </strong><em>Rev Cuid. 2016; 7(1):1227-31.</em><em> </em><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i1.300"><em>http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i1.300</em></a><em> </em></p>
Caracterización de las lesiones derivadas del entrenamiento físico militar
Authors: Rodríguez Gómez Juan Sebastián , Valenzuela Pinzón Julián Alberto , Velasco Rodríguez Juan David , Castro Jiménez Laura Elizabeth , Melo Buitrago Paula Janyn 
Published: January 2016

<p><strong>Introducción: </strong>En busca del mejoramiento físico se han desarrollado diferentes formas y maneras de trabajar el cuerpo y así generar el óptimo desarrollo de este en las actividades diarias; es el caso del entrenamiento físico militar, el cual conlleva a unas altas exigencias físicas en los cadetes por el tiempo de concentración, las horas de entrenamiento y la densidad de las actividades las cuales se dan de manera diaria por lo que esta práctica se encuentra asociada inevitablemente con la aparición de lesiones. Objetivo: Caracterizar las lesiones derivadas del entrenamiento físico militar en cadetes de tercero, cuarto y quinto nivel de la Escuela Militar de Cadetes General José María Córdova. <strong>Materiales y Métodos:</strong> Se planteó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, con una muestra tomada aleatoriamente para los hombres y se tomó a todas las mujeres por ser una cantidad menor en cada uno de los niveles. El instrumento aplicado se validó a través de test-retest y juicio de expertos. <strong>Resultados y Discusión:</strong> Se encontró que la principal lesión dentro de estos niveles es la periostitis, seguida de lesiones como fisuras, tendinitis y esguinces por sobrecargas que se presentan en el entrenamiento, mala técnica e inadecuada rehabilitación. <strong>Conclusiones:</strong> La carga física a la que están sometidos constantemente los cadetes es elevada por lo que es una población que se encuentra siempre expuesta a sufrir lesiones importantes en sus extremidades inferiores debido a factores como la indumentaria militar, carga del entrenamiento, práctica deportiva, terreno y falta de descanso como lo expresan los cadetes.</p><p><strong><em>Cómo citar este artículo: </em></strong><em>Rodríguez JS, Valenzuela JA, Velasco JD, Castro LE, Melo PJ</em><em>.</em> <em>Caracterización de las lesiones derivadas del entrenamiento físico militar</em>.<strong> </strong><em>Rev Cuid. 2016; 7(1): </em><em>1219-26. </em><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i1.301"><em><em>http://dx.doi.org/10.15649/cuidarte.v7i1.301</em></em></a></p>