bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are you in or are you out? A longitudinal person-centered study of health and entrance and exit into self-employment
Authors: Bergman Louise E. , Bujacz Aleksandra , Leineweber Constanze , Toivanen Susanna , Bernhard-Oettel Claudia 
Published: September 2024

This study addresses the scarcity of research on health developments in the heterogeneous group of self-employed workers. It aims at understanding typical health progressions in this group and associations with demographic factors, work characteristics, and self-employment decisions. We investigate health profiles based on mental health problems, self-rated health, and work satisfaction, as well as transitions between them in relation to work effort, reward, overcommitment, demographic characteristics, and entrance and exit into self-employment. Using latent transition analysis, we analyzed data from the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH), including data from 593 participants. We identified four distinct, stable health profiles, revealing associations with work effort, reward, overcommitment, and self-employment decisions. No meaningful relations existed for demographic characteristics. Overall, the findings offer a comprehensive perspective on the health dynamics of self-employed individuals, their associations with work characteristics and decisions to enter and exit self-employment. JEL CLASSIFICATION: J62; J81; L26
Perception and Contributing Factors of Academic Incivility Among Undergraduate Nursing Students in India
Authors: Rajagopal Johncyrani , Arulappan Judie , Matua Gerald Amandu , Kanagaraj Puvaneswari , Pandarakutty Suthan , Rafi Mohammed 
Published: September 2024

Introduction Academic incivility in students has the potential to undermine the learning process because it affects both the perpetrator and the educator. This results from the reduced trust between students and faculty resulting in a reduction in productivity, thereby impeding the learning process. Objectives The study was conducted to understand the perception and factors contributing to academic incivility among undergraduate nursing students. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted. A total of 250 undergraduate nursing students studying in three nursing colleges in India participated in the study. A convenience sampling approach was used to recruit the participants. A 13-item Uncivil Behavior in Clinical Nursing Education (UBCNE) tool was used to collect the data. Results The study found that 7.56% of the sampled nursing students always indulged in uncivil behavior, 9.51% of them often indulged in uncivilized activities, while 20.06% of them reported sometimes indulging in uncivil behavior. This means that 37.45% of the nursing students sampled engaged in some forms of uncivil behavior. In contrast, the study found that 62.55% of the nursing students never indulge in uncivilized activities. The contributing factors of academic incivility were the academic setting, the student's academic preparation, the teacher's attitude, emotional disturbance, substance abuse, cultural issues, and social issues. There was no significant association between the demographic variables and the level of perception on academic incivility among nursing students at p < .05. Conclusion It is important to understand the perceptions and factors that predispose students to engage in uncivil behavior given the prevalence of this educational challenge. Corrective strategies are needed to educate the perpetrators about the ill effects of their actions.
Normal but Different: Autistic Adolescents Who Score Within Normal Ranges on Standardized Language Tests Produce Frequent Linguistic Irregularities in Spontaneous Discourse
Authors: Zane Emily R , Grossman Ruth B 
Published: September 2024

Background and aims A substantial minority of autistic individuals score within typical ranges on standard language tests, suggesting that autism does not necessarily affect language acquisition. This idea is reflected in current diagnostic criteria for autism, wherein language impairment is no longer included. However, some work has suggested that probing autistic speakers’ language carefully may reveal subtle differences between autistic and nonautistic people's language that cannot be captured by standardized language testing. The current study aims to test this idea, by determining whether a group of autistic and nonautistic individuals who score similarly on a standardized test show differences in the number of unconventional and erroneous language features they produce in a spontaneous language sample. Methods Thirty-eight older children and adolescents (19 autistic; 19 nonautistic), between the ages of 10 and 18, were recruited. Both participant groups scored within normal ranges on standardized language and IQ tests. Participants engaged in a “double interview” with an experimenter, during which they were first asked questions by the experimenter about themselves, and then they switched roles, so that it was the participant's turn to ask the experimenter questions. Participants’ language during the interview was transcribed and analyzed for linguistic irregularities, including both semantic anomalies and morphosyntactic errors. Results Group membership accounted for significant variance in irregularity frequency; autistic participants produced more linguistic irregularities than nonautistic participants. Scores on a standardized language test did not improve model fit. Secondary analyses involving irregularity type (semantic vs. morphosyntactic) showed that group differences were primarily driven by relatively high numbers of semantic unconventionalities produced by the autistic group. While the autistic group made more morphosyntactic errors than the nonautistic group, differences in these numbers were only marginally significant. Conclusions and implications These findings suggest that a commonly used standardized language test does not adequately predict the number and perhaps type of language irregularities produced by some older autistic children and adolescents during spontaneous discourse. Results also suggest that differences in language use, especially semantic differences, may characterize autistic language, even the language produced by people who score within normal ranges on standardized language tests. It is debatable whether differences reflect underlying language impairments and/or a linguistic style adopted/preferred by autistic speakers. In this paper, we discuss both possibilities and offer suggestions to future research for teasing these possibilities apart.
Reproductive and oncologic outcomes in young women with uterine sarcoma undergoing fertility-sparing treatment: a systematic review
Authors: Etrusco Andrea , Agrifoglio Vittorio , Laganà Antonio Simone , Gliozheni Elko , Caringella Annamaria , Stanziano Antonio , Cicinelli Ettore , Chiantera Vito , Giannini Andrea , Alsannan Baydaa , Barra Fabio , D’Amato Antonio 
Published: September 2024

Background: Uterine sarcomas (US) are rare cancer of possible occurrence even in women of childbearing age. To date, total hysterectomy is the standard treatment in the early stages. The possibilities of carrying out fertility-sparing treatments (FST) to save the fertility of women with unfulfilled reproductive desires are described in the literature, but to date, they can only be considered experimental. Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the oncological and reproductive outcomes of women with different histological types of US undergoing FST. Design: Systematic review. Data sources and methods: Electronic databases were searched for English-language studies describing FST for US until January 31, 2024. Results: Forty-five papers which met the abovementioned inclusion criteria, were included in the qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis was not possible because of the heterogeneity of the data. A descriptive summary of the results according to the histotype of US was provided. Six hundred forty-one patients of childbearing age with US and undergoing FST. After treatment with FST, 89 (13.9%) disease recurrences and 107 (16.7%) pregnancies were recorded. Conclusion: In selected cases of early-stage US, FST may be proposed. However, the patient must be informed of the real possibility of recurrence and potentially difficult achievement of pregnancy. Additional well-designed prospective studies and clinical trials are needed to address the knowledge gaps and enhance clinical decision-making in this population. Trial registration: PROSPERO ID: CRD42024509356.
Surgical and Endoscopic Approaches to Management of Submucosal Tumors of the Gastroesophageal Junction: Technical Considerations and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Doulamis Ilias P. , Poulos Constantine , Servais Elliot L. 
Published: September 2024

Background: Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) submucosal tumors are comprised predominantly of leiomyomas, followed by gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Methods: Herein we provide a comprehensive review of GEJ submucosal tumors including a systematic review of the literature. Results: Computed tomography, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and endoscopic ultrasound are the most commonly used diagnostic imaging modalities. Surgical resection via laparoscopy is the most common treatment approach, with simultaneous upper endoscopy utilized in approximately half of the cases. Concomitant fundoplication is performed by certain groups to minimize risk for postoperative leak, gastroesophageal reflux, and esophagitis. Conclusions: Prospective studies evaluating long-term outcomes are needed to help guide treatment.
Participant observation for inquiry-based learning: a document analysis of exam papers from an internship-course for master’s students in health services research in Germany
Authors: Ullrich Charlotte , Ziegler Sandra , Armbruster Alicia , Wensing Michel , Klafke Nadja 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInquiry-based learning (IBL) is a type of problem-based learning. While IBL aims at reflecting the work of practicing researchers, only some students will pursue an academic career. We therefore designed a course that provides opportunities for IBL by applying participant observation to internship work experience inside and outside academia. Using this internship course as an example, we investigated, how master’s students in health science executed an IBL assignment regarding the application of participant observation and presentation of findings. In addition, the understanding of occupational fields provided through the IBL assignment was examined.To determine whether learning objectives were met, a document analysis of IBL assignments comprising presentation slides and field protocols was performed. Within content analysis, a category grid was used examining (a) suitability of chosen research objectives, (b) execution of field protocols, (c) sufficiency of reporting and (d) extent of reflection.49 IBL assignments from the years 2020–2022 were included. Sides of IBL observations were: (a) organizations providing health care (n = 28); (b) administrations of health care (n = 8); and (c) research institutes (n = 13). Within students’ field protocols, the level of detail of descriptions differed. 30 assignments included reflection on the methods used and research experience. In about a third of IBL assignments, indication of observation type, theoretical background and data analysis was missing.Using participant observation of internship work-experience for IBL can serve as a teaching tool for students to develop methodological skills. For future courses, we developed a checklist to strengthen reporting, reflection and use of theory. As internships are often integrated in degree programs in health sciences similar courses could be implemented in different programs, given qualified methodological guidance.
It takes two peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ) to tango idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Boateng Eistine , Bonilla-Martinez Rocio , Ahlemeyer Barbara , Garikapati Vannuruswamy , Alam Mohammad Rashedul , Trompak Omelyan , Oruqaj Gani , El-Merhie Natalia , Seimetz Michael , Ruppert Clemens , Günther Andreas , Spengler Bernhard , Karnati Srikanth , Baumgart-Vogt Eveline 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by aberrant lung epithelial phenotypes, fibroblast activation, and increased extracellular matrix deposition. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)1-induced Smad signaling and downregulation of peroxisomal genes are involved in the pathogenesis and can be inhibited by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α activation. However, the three PPARs, that is PPAR-α, PPAR-β/δ, and PPAR-γ, are known to interact in a complex crosstalk.

Methods
To mimic the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis, primary lung fibroblasts from control and IPF patients with comparable levels of all three PPARs were treated with TGF-β1 for 24 h, followed by the addition of PPAR ligands either alone or in combination for another 24 h. Fibrosis markers (intra- and extracellular collagen levels, expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases) and peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism (gene expression of peroxisomal biogenesis and matrix proteins, protein levels of PEX13 and catalase, targeted and untargeted lipidomic profiles) were analyzed after TGF-β1 treatment and the effects of the PPAR ligands were investigated.

Results
TGF-β1 induced the expected phenotype; e.g. it increased the intra- and extracellular collagen levels and decreased peroxisomal biogenesis and metabolism. Agonists of different PPARs reversed TGF-β1-induced fibrosis even when given 24 h after TGF-β1. The effects included the reversals of (1) the increase in collagen production by repressing COL1A2 promoter activity (through PPAR-β/δ activation); (2) the reduced activity of matrix metalloproteinases (through PPAR-β/δ activation); (3) the decrease in peroxisomal biogenesis and lipid metabolism (through PPAR-γ activation); and (4) the decrease in catalase protein levels in control (through PPAR-γ activation) and IPF (through a combined activation of PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ) fibroblasts. Further experiments to explore the role of catalase showed that an overexpression of catalase protein reduced collagen production. Additionally, the beneficial effect of PPAR-γ but not of PPAR-β/δ activation on collagen synthesis depended on catalase activity and was thus redox-sensitive.

Conclusion
Our data provide evidence that IPF patients may benefit from a combined activation of PPAR-β/δ and PPAR-γ.
Dietary fibers boost gut microbiota-produced B vitamin pool and alter host immune landscape
Authors: Grant Erica T. , Parrish Amy , Boudaud Marie , Hunewald Oliver , Hirayama Akiyoshi , Ollert Markus , Fukuda Shinji , Desai Mahesh S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Background
Dietary fibers can alter microbial metabolic output in support of healthy immune function; however, the impact of distinct fiber sources and immunomodulatory effects beyond short-chain fatty acid production are underexplored. In an effort to discern the effects of diverse fibers on host immunity, we employed five distinct rodent diets with varying fiber content and source in specific-pathogen-free, gnotobiotic (containing a 14-member synthetic human gut microbiota), and germ-free mice.

Results
Broad-scale metabolomics analysis of cecal contents revealed that fiber deprivation consistently reduced the concentrations of microbiota-produced B vitamins. This phenomenon was not always explained by reduced biosynthesis, rather, metatranscriptomic analyses pointed toward increased microbial usage of certain B vitamins under fiber-free conditions, ultimately resulting in a net reduction of host-available B vitamins. Broad immunophenotyping indicated that the local gut effector immune populations and activated T cells accumulate in a microbiota-dependent manner. Supplementation with the prebiotic inulin recovered the availability of microbially produced B vitamins and restored immune homeostasis.

Conclusions
Our findings highlight the potential to use defined fiber polysaccharides to boost microbiota-derived B vitamin availability in an animal model and to regulate local innate and adaptive immune populations of the host.
Dose advantage of abdominal deep inspiratory breath-hold (aDIBH) in postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy for left breast cancer
Authors: Lai Junming , Luo Hui , Hu Shuang , Zhong Fangyan , Chen Rui , Lin Hong 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Purpose
We explored the dosimetric efficacy of the abdominal deep inspiration breath hold (aDIBH) technique using an audio-guided device in patients with left breast cancer undergoing postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy compared to free breathing (FB).

Methods
A total of 35 patients with early stage left breast cancer underwent two computed tomography simulation scans each with aDIBH and FB after breast-conserving surgery. Treatment planning was optimized using the Pinnacle3 9.10 planning system. The heart, left anterior descending coronary artery (LADCA), and left lung was defined as organs at risk (OARs). The dosimetric differences in the planning target volume (PTV) and OARs were compared between aDIBH and FB.

Results
Compared with FB, the heart moved farther caudally and away from the chest wall, and the volume of heart became smaller under aDIBH due to expansion of the lungs. The D mean of the heart, LADCA and left lung of aDIBH were respectively reduced by 332.79 ± 264.61 cGy (P < 0.001), 1290.37 ± 612.09 cGy (P < 0.047) and 69.94 ± 117.73 cGy (P < 0.001). The V20 and V30 of the OARs were also significantly reduced with statistical differences (P < 0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in the dosimetric parameters of the PTV between the two groups (P > 0.05).

Conclusions
Implementation of the aDIBH technique for postoperative radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery of the left breast cancer could reduce irradiation of the heart dose, LADCA dose and left lung dose, without compromising target coverage.
Investigating patient eligibility for anti-amyloid monoclonal antibody treatment of Alzheimer's disease: real-world data from an Austrian psychiatric memory clinic population
Authors: Defrancesco Michaela , Gizewski Elke R. , Mangesius Stephanie , Galijasevic Malik , Virgolini Irene , Kroiss Alexander , Marksteiner Josef , Jehle Juliane , Doganyigit Burak , Hofer Alex 
Published: September 2024

Background
Pharmacological treatment options for patients with dementia owing to Alzheimer's disease are limited to symptomatic therapy. Recently, the US Food and Drug Administration approved the monoclonal antibody lecanemab for the treatment of amyloid-positive patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and early Alzheimer´s dementia. European approval is expected in 2024. Data on the applicability and eligibility for treatment with anti-amyloid monoclonal antibodies outside of a study population are lacking.

Aims
This study examined eligibility criteria for lecanemab in a real-world memory clinic population between 1 January 2022 and 31 July 2023.

Method
We conducted a retrospective, single-centre study applying the clinical trial eligibility criteria for lecanemab to out-patients of a specialised psychiatric memory clinic. Eligibility for anti-amyloid treatment was assessed following the phase 3 inclusion and exclusion criteria and the published recommendations for lecanemab.

Results
The study population consisted of 587 out-patients. Two-thirds were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease (probable or possible Alzheimer's disease dementia in 43.6% of cases, n = 256) or MCI (23%, n = 135), and 33.4% (n = 196) were diagnosed with dementia or neurocognitive disorder owing to another aetiology. Applying all lecanemab eligibility criteria, 11 (4.3%) patients with dementia and two (1.5%) patients with MCI would have been eligible for treatment with this compound, whereas 13 dementia (5.1%) and 14 (10.4%) MCI patients met clinical inclusion criteria, but had no available amyloid status.

Conclusions
Even in a memory clinic with a good infrastructure and sufficient facilities for dementia diagnostics, most patients do not meet the eligibility criteria for treatment with lecanemab.
Early detection and intervention through the lens of the neurodevelopmental framework: the salience of developmental years and related services
Authors: Raballo Andrea , Poletti Michele , Preti Antonio 
Published: September 2024

SummaryBroadening prediction efforts from imminent psychotic symptoms to neurodevelopmental vulnerabilities can enhance the accuracy of diagnosing severe mental disorders. Early interventions, especially during adolescence, are vital as these disorders often follow a long prodromal phase of neurodevelopmental disturbances. Child and adolescent mental health services should lead a developmentally-sensitive model for timely, effective detection and intervention.
Bone Accrual Trajectories in Children and Adolescents With Perinatal HIV Infection
Authors: DiMeglio Linda Anne , Yu Wendy , Kalkwarf Heidi J , Brummel Sean , Chen Janet S , Geffner Mitchell E , McFarland Elizabeth J , Mirza Ayesha , Patel Kunjal , Shiau Stephanie , Jacobson Denise L ,   For the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study, Chadwick Ellen , Hernandez-Diaz Sonia , Jao Jennifer , Williams Paige , Salomon Liz , Seage George R , Salomon Liz , Van Dyke Russell , Chadwick Ellen , Davis Patrick , Siminski Suzanne , Wolbach Tracy , Borkowsky William , Chadwick Ellen , Lartey Emanuela (Lela) , Kalra Rohit , Malee Kathleen , Paul Mary , Buschur Shelley , McMullen-Jackson Chivon , Harris Lynnette , Purswani Murli , Cavallo Martha , Baig Mahboobullah Mirza , Villegas Alma , Robinson Lisa-Gaye , Bernegger Alan , Garvie Patricia , Burchett Sandra K , Anderson Michelle E , Salois Christine M , Wiznia Andrew , Burey Marlene , Shaw Ray , Dieudonne Arry , Johnson Juliette , Surowiec Karen , Chen Janet S , White Taesha , Grant Mitzie , Knapp Katherine , Odero Erick , Wilkins Megan , Rosario Nicolas , Rios Heida , Olivera Vivian , Silio Margarita , Gabriel Medea , Sirois Patricia , Spector Stephen A , Loughran Megan , Figueroa Veronica , Nichols Sharon , McFarland Elizabeth , Chambers Carrie , Kwon Christine , McEnvoy Robin , Scott Gwendolyn , Alvarez Grace , Caffroni Juan , Cuadra Anai 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been reported in children and adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV (PHIV). Little is known about their bone accrual through puberty compared to an uninfected healthy cohort.

Objective
To compare bone accrual in PHIV and healthy children.

Design
PHIV children aged 7 to 16 years had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at entry, at 2 years, and then at least 2 years later. Bone accrual was compared to healthy children from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS).

Setting
US academic clinical research centers.

Patients
172 PHIV; 1321 BMDCS.

Analysis
We calculated height-adjusted whole-body and spine BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) Z-scores in PHIV using BMDCS reference curves. We fit piecewise weighted linear mixed effects models with change points at 11 and 15 years, adjusted for age, sex, race, height Z-score, and Tanner stage, to compare BMD and BMC Z-scores across actual age by cohort.

Main Outcome Measure
BMD/BMC Z-scores.

Results
Height-adjusted whole-body BMD and BMC Z-scores in PHIV were lower across age compared to BMDCS children. Spine BMD Z-score across age was higher in PHIV after height adjustment. Whole-body and spine bone area tended to be lower in PHIV children. PHIV children had slower accrual in whole-body and spine bone area before 14 years. After 15 years, bone area accruals were similar, as were height-adjusted spine BMC Z-scores, across age.

Conclusion
PHIV children had persistent deficits in all measures except height-adjusted spine BMD and BMC Z-scores. Data are needed on PHIV children followed to adulthood.