bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hemophagocytosis lymphocytosis presenting as pulmonary‐renal syndrome: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wong Morgan , Rao Arpit , Nemunaitis Jacklyn , Czuchlewski David , Sagheer Shazib , Arana‐Yi Cecilia 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageHemophagocytosis Lymphocytosis (HLH) is a rare and life‐threatening illness that is more commonly seen in infants; however, its incidence in adults is becoming more common. Recognizing HLH in a complicated clinical scenario is key to early recognition, treatment, as well as improved morbidity and mortality.
Electrochemical Investigation of pH‐Dependent Activity of Polyethylenimine‐Capped Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Karimi Anahita , Kirk Kevin A. , Andreescu Silvana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe pH‐dependent electroanalytical behavior and catalytic activity of branched polyethylenimine‐capped silver nanoparticles (PEI‐AgNPs) were studied by using nanoparticle collision electrochemistry, linear sweep voltammetry, and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The electrochemical collision signals respond rapidly to pH‐induced protonation of the PEI chain at the AgNP surface. This method allows for screening and catalytic activity evaluation of PEI‐AgNPs for the decomposition of organic dyes, demonstrated in this work with methylene blue. Higher oxidation of PEI‐AgNPs was observed at neutral and basic pH, when the particles are stabilized by the PEI chain. Cumulatively, these results indicate that NP collision electrochemistry can be used in addition to spectroscopy and microscopy for studying the effect of the capping agent on the electrochemical behavior of AgNPs and evaluating the relationship between the surface properties and catalytic activity. These measurements provide fundamental information about how surface characteristics, environment, and capping ligands affect NP properties and activity.
DNA‐Mediated Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles and Applications in Bioanalysis
Authors: Xue Jing , Chen Feng , Bai Min , Yu Xu , Wei Jing , Huang Ping , Zhao Yongxi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDNA‐mediated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) assembly has drawn great attention due to the controllable parameters and properties. In general, DNA sequences working as linkers or templates precisely control the assembly of AuNPs through the Watson–Crick base pairing. Diverse assembly structures show great potential in bioanalysis due to the unique optical characteristics, which can be tuned by the shape, size, composition, particles interactive status and the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium of AuNPs. They exhibit excellent performances for the detection of nucleic acids, proteins, small molecules and other biomarkers. In this review, we present a general overview of the construction of DNA‐mediated AuNP assemblies and the recent advances of these assemblies as high‐performance biosensors. Future directions and major challenges in bioanalysis are also discussed.
Direct and Selective Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide over Palladium–Tellurium Catalysts at Ambient Pressure
Authors: Tian Pengfei , Xu Xingyan , Ao Can , Ding Doudou , Li Wei , Si Rui , Tu Weifeng , Xu Jing , Han Yi‐Fan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHighly selective hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) synthesis directly from H2 and O2 is a strongly desired reaction for green processes. Herein a highly efficient palladium–tellurium (Pd–Te/TiO2) catalyst with a selectivity of nearly 100 % toward H2O2 under mild conditions (283 K, 0.1 MPa, and a semi‐batch continuous flow reactor) is reported. The size of Pd particles was remarkably reduced from 2.1 nm to 1.4 nm with the addition of Te. The Te‐modified Pd surface could significantly weaken the dissociative activation of O2, leading to the non‐dissociative hydrogenation of O2. Density functional theory calculations illuminated the critical role of Te in the selective hydrogenation of O2, in that the active sites composed of Pd and Te could significantly restrain side reactions. This work has made significant progress on the development of high‐selectivity catalysts for the direct synthesis of H2O2 at ambient pressure.
A spatial theory for emergent multiple predator–prey interactions in food webs
Authors: Northfield Tobin D. , Barton Brandon T. , Schmitz Oswald J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractPredator–prey interaction is inherently spatial because animals move through landscapes to search for and consume food resources and to avoid being consumed by other species. The spatial nature of species interactions necessitates integrating spatial processes into food web theory and evaluating how predators combine to impact their prey. Here, we present a spatial modeling approach that examines emergent multiple predator effects on prey within landscapes. The modeling is inspired by the habitat domain concept derived from empirical synthesis of spatial movement and interactions studies. Because these principles are motivated by synthesis of short‐term experiments, it remains uncertain whether spatial contingency principles hold in dynamical systems. We address this uncertainty by formulating dynamical systems models, guided by core habitat domain principles, to examine long‐term multiple predator–prey spatial dynamics. To describe habitat domains, we use classical niche concepts describing resource utilization distributions, and assume species interactions emerge from the degree of overlap between species. The analytical results generally align with those from empirical synthesis and present a theoretical framework capable of demonstrating multiple predator effects that does not depend on the small spatial or temporal scales typical of mesocosm experiments, and help bridge between empirical experiments and long‐term dynamics in natural systems.
Nest trampling and ground nesting birds: Quantifying temporal and spatial overlap between cattle activity and breeding redshank
Authors: Sharps Elwyn , Smart Jennifer , Mason Lucy R. , Jones Kate , Skov Martin W. , Garbutt Angus , Hiddink Jan G. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractConservation grazing for breeding birds needs to balance the positive effects on vegetation structure and negative effects of nest trampling. In the UK, populations of Common redshank Tringa totanus breeding on saltmarshes declined by >50% between 1985 and 2011. These declines have been linked to changes in grazing management. The highest breeding densities of redshank on saltmarshes are found in lightly grazed areas. Conservation initiatives have encouraged low‐intensity grazing at <1 cattle/ha, but even these levels of grazing can result in high levels of nest trampling. If livestock distribution is not spatially or temporally homogenous but concentrated where and when redshank breed, rates of nest trampling may be much higher than expected based on livestock density alone. By GPS tracking cattle on saltmarshes and monitoring trampling of dummy nests, this study quantified (i) the spatial and temporal distribution of cattle in relation to the distribution of redshank nesting habitats and (ii) trampling rates of dummy nests. The distribution of livestock was highly variable depending on both time in the season and the saltmarsh under study, with cattle using between 3% and 42% of the saltmarsh extent and spending most their time on higher elevation habitat within 500 m of the sea wall, but moving further onto the saltmarsh as the season progressed. Breeding redshank also nest on these higher elevation zones, and this breeding coincides with the early period of grazing. Probability of nest trampling was correlated to livestock density and was up to six times higher in the areas where redshank breed. This overlap in both space and time of the habitat use of cattle and redshank means that the trampling probability of a nest can be much higher than would be expected based on standard measures of cattle density. Synthesis and applications: Because saltmarsh grazing is required to maintain a favorable vegetation structure for redshank breeding, grazing management should aim to keep livestock away from redshank nesting habitat between mid‐April and mid‐July when nests are active, through delaying the onset of grazing or introducing a rotational grazing system.
High body mass index is a predictor of left ventricular reverse remodelling in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
Authors: Cescau Arthur , Van Aelst Lucas N.L. , Baudet Mathilde , Cohen Solal Alain , Logeart Damien 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimsStructural and functional left ventricular alterations can occur in heart failure (HF), referred to as left ventricular reverse remodelling (LVRR). This study aimed to define novel predictors of LVRR besides well‐known effects of medical and device therapy.Methods and resultsFrom echographic database, we included 295 patients with both left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤45% and indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter ≥33 mm/m2 and who had at least two echocardiographic exams with a delay between 3 and 12 months. LVRR was defined as the combination of (i) normalization of LVEF (LVEF ≥50%) or increase in LVEF ≥10% and (ii) a decrease in indexed left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter ≥10%. Clinical follow‐up was also obtained. LVRR occurred in 53 (18%) patients. Patients in the LVRR group were more likely to present with de novo HF (75% vs. 42%), had lower LVEF and left ventricular end‐diastolic volumes at index examination, yet a higher body mass index (BMI) than non‐LVRR patients. Obesity was observed in 25% of LVRR patients vs. 14% in others. In multivariate analyses, BMI (per each 1 kg/m2 increase) emerged as a predictor of LVRR: odds ratio 1.10 (95% confidence interval 1.02–1.19) after adjustment to other predictors of LVRR. During a mean follow‐up of 37 months, 32% of patients had a major adverse cardiac event; de novo HF, age, and LVEF were associated with major adverse cardiac event.ConclusionsWe identified significant relationship between high BMI and LVRR. This intriguing novel finding deserves further study.
Identifying the Cause of Voltage and Fill Factor Losses in Perovskite Solar Cells by Using Luminescence Measurements
Authors: Wu Nandi , Wu Yiliang , Walter Daniel , Shen Heping , Duong The , Grant Dale , Barugkin Chog , Fu Xiao , Peng Jun , White Thomas , Catchpole Kylie , Weber Klaus 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe open‐circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor are key performance parameters of solar cells, and understanding the underlying mechanisms that limit these parameters in real devices is critical to their optimization. Device modeling is combined with luminescence and cell current–voltage (I–V) measurements to show that carrier transport limitations within the cell can significantly reduce the cell voltage around the maximum power point as well as, under certain conditions, at VOC. An important consequence is that the cell terminal voltage cannot be assumed a priori to be only limited by parasitic recombination. It is demonstrated that luminescence‐based measurements can be used to reconstruct cell I–V curves with removal of any transport limitation effects, which allows the contribution of recombination, shunt resistance, and series resistance on the fill factor to be clarified. Such luminescence‐based measurements allow the contactless characterization of cells and cell precursor structures, and should prove highly valuable as a diagnostic tool for the development of new cell structures and large‐area cells.
Multivariate properties of extreme precipitation events in the Pearl River basin, China: Magnitude, frequency, timing, and related causes
Authors: Duan Limin , Zheng Jiangyu , Li Wei , Liu Tingxi , Luo Yanyun 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDaily precipitation/temperature data collected at 74 weather stations across the Pearl River basin of China (PRBC), for the years 1952–2013, were used to analyse extreme precipitation (EP) processes at annual and seasonal scales in terms of precipitation magnitude, occurrence rates, and timing. Peak‐over‐threshold sampling, modified Mann‐Kendall trend tests, and Poisson regression model were utilized in this study. Causes driving the observed statistical behaviours of EP were investigated, focusing particularly on the impacts of temperature change and the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). EP events, which occur mainly during April and September, are most frequent in June. At an annual scale, they are subject to relatively even interannual distributions during the wet season. Significant trends were observed in the magnitude, frequency, and timing of EP events during the dry seasons, although no such trends were seen during the wet seasons. Seasonal shifts in EP can easily trigger sudden flood or drought events and warming temperatures, and ENSO events also have significant impacts on EP processes across the PRBC, as reflected by their increased magnitude and frequency in the western PRBC and decreased precipitation magnitudes in the eastern PRBC during ENSO periods. These results provide important evidence of regional hydrological responses to global climate changes in terms of EP regimes in tropical and subtropical zones.
The color of cancer: Margin guidance for oral cancer resection using elastic scattering spectroscopy
Authors: Grillone Gregory A. , Wang Zimmern , Krisciunas Gintas P. , Tsai Angela C. , Kannabiran Vishnu R. , Pistey Robert W. , Zhao Qing , Rodriguez‐Diaz Eladio , A'Amar Ousama M. , Bigio Irving J. 
Published: July 2017

Objectives/HypothesisTo evaluate the usefulness of elastic scattering spectroscopy (ESS) as a diagnostic adjunct to frozen section analysis in patients with diagnosed squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity.Study DesignProspective analytic study.MethodsSubjects for this single institution, institutional review board–approved study were recruited from among patients undergoing surgical resection for squamous cell cancer of the oral cavity. A portable ESS device with a contact fiberoptic probe was used to obtain spectral signals. Four to 10 spectral readings were obtained on each subject from various sites including gross tumor and normal‐appearing mucosa in the surgical margin. Each reading was correlated with the histopathologic findings of biopsies taken from the exact location of the spectral readings. A diagnostic algorithm based on multidimensional pattern recognition/machine learning was developed. Sensitivity and specificity, error rate, and area under the curve were used as performance metrics for tests involving classification between disease and nondisease classes.ResultsThirty‐four (34) subjects were enrolled in the study. One hundred seventy‐six spectral data point/biopsy specimen pairs were available for analysis. ESS distinguished normal from abnormal tissue, with a sensitivity ranging from 84% to 100% and specificity ranging from 71% to 89%, depending on how the cutoff between normal and abnormal tissue was defined (i.e., mild, moderate, or severe dysplasia). There were statistically significant differences inmalignancy scores between histologically normal tissue and invasive cancer and between noninflamed tissue and inflamed tissue.ConclusionsThis is the first study to evaluate the effectiveness of ESS in guiding mucosal resection margins in oral cavity cancer. ESS provides fast, real‐time assessment of tissue without the need for pathology expertise. ESS appears to be effective in distinguishing between normal mucosa and invasive cancer and between “normal” tissue (histologically normal and mild dysplasia) and “abnormal” tissue (severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ) that might require further margin resection. Further studies, however, are needed with a larger sample size to validate these findings and to determine the effectiveness of ESS in distinguishing visibly and histologically normal tissue from visibly normal but histologically abnormal tissue.Level of EvidenceNA Laryngoscope, 127:S1–S9, 2017
How to Outgrow Your Native Neighbour? Belowground Changes under Native Shrubs at an Early Stage of Invasion
Authors: Ulm Florian , Jacinto João , Cruz Cristina , Máguas Cristina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractWhile it is acknowledged that invasive species are a global driver of land degradation, their effects are often only noticed when the invasion has been going on for a while. However, early stage processes must play a fundamental role in plant establishment until invasive plants are able to outgrow the native vegetation. In ten plots of 100 m2 each, we tested the hypothesis that belowground properties are associated with early invasion processes aboveground. We examined the early stage of invasion by a woody legume (Acacia longifolia), growing in the canopy of native dune shrubs (Corema album) as a model system in oligotrophic primary dunes in southern Portugal. Biomass under canopies of invaded and non‐invaded C. album shrubs as well as organic matter (OM) distribution in various soil fractions was measured. In accordance with our hypothesis, A. longifolia presence was related to increased C. album foliar δ15N, a proxy for nitrogen derived from the invasive legume. Under invaded canopies, root and rhizosphere biomass were higher, as was OM in the silt‐clay fraction. Also, δ15N of the OM in the silt‐clay fraction under invaded canopies was enriched, while δ13C was depleted. Finally, we found that the ratio between OM in the biotic versus soil compartment could be a good early indicator for invasion. These findings suggest that even when aboveground invasion pressure on the system is low, it is imperative for ecosystem conservation to remove young plants, as they might alter soil functioning already at an early stage of invasion. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary estimates of the contribution of Arctic nitrogen fixation to the global nitrogen budget
Authors: Sipler Rachel E. , Gong Donglai , Baer Steven E. , Sanderson Marta P. , Roberts Quinn N. , Mulholland Margaret R. , Bronk Deborah A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDinitrogen (N2) fixation is the source of all biologically available nitrogen on earth, and its presence or absence impacts net primary production and global biogeochemical cycles. Here, we report rates of 3.5–17.2 nmol N L−1 d−1 in the ice‐free coastal Alaskan Arctic to show that N2 fixation in the Arctic Ocean may be an important source of nitrogen to a seasonally nitrogen‐limited system. If widespread in surface waters over ice‐free shelves throughout the Arctic, N2 fixation could contribute up to 3.5 Tg N yr−1 to the Arctic nitrogen budget. At these rates, N2 fixation occurring in ice‐free summer waters would offset up to 27.1% of the Arctic denitrification deficit and contribute an additional 2.7% to N2 fixation globally, making it an important consideration in the current debate of whether nitrogen in the global ocean is in steady state. Additional investigations of high‐latitude marine diazotrophic physiology are required to refine these N2 fixation estimates.
Oral administration of Grifola frondosa polysaccharides improves memory impairment in aged rats via antioxidant action
Authors: Chen Zhaoxia , Tang Yanan , Liu Along , Jin Xiaobao , Zhu Jiayong , Lu Xuemei 
Published: July 2017

ScopeGrifola frondosa is an edible/medicinal mushroom with great nutritional value and bioactivity. The present study was performed to evaluate the beneficial effect of polysaccharides isolated from Grifola frondosa on memory impairment in aged rats.Methods and results20‐month‐old rats were gavaged with Grifola frondosa polysaccharides (GFP) for 8 weeks. Morris Water Maze test revealed that GFP administration significantly improved memory impairment in aged rats. GFP supply was also found to attenuate age‐associated changes of brain histology and ultrastructure observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Moreover, the increase of total antioxidant capacity (T‐AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity, as well as the decreased nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, were consistent with the behavioral results.ConclusionThese findings indicated that oral administration of GFP could improve memory impairment via antioxidant action, and dietary supplementation with GFP may provide potential benefits on brain aging.
Z‐scores for fetal left atrial size and left atrium–descending aorta distance in fetuses with isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Mao Yan Kai , Zhao Bo Wen , Zheng Feng Hua , Wang Bei , Peng Xiao Hui , Chen Ran , Pan Mei 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo construct Z‐score reference ranges for fetal left atrial (LA) size and left atrium–descending aorta distance (LDD or ‘post‐LA distance’) at 20 to 40 weeks' gestation and to compare these parameters between fetuses with isolated total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) and normal fetuses.MethodsThree hundred thirty‐three normal singleton fetuses from 20 to 40 weeks' gestation were enrolled in a prospective cross‐sectional study. Six cardiovascular dimensions were obtained by two‐dimensional echocardiography. Z‐score reference ranges of these measurements were determined against gestational age (GA) and fetal biometric variables, using regression analysis of the mean and standard deviation. Also, we reviewed fetal echocardiograms from ten fetuses with postnatal diagnosis of isolated TAPVC and made the measurements on archived images. Subsequently, all parameters were compared between the normal and TAPVC groups.ResultsA simple linear regression model was the best description of the mean and standard deviation of most variables in normal cases, with the exception of the mean LDD based on GA, which was best fitted by a quadratic regression. Fetuses with TAPVC had significantly lower LA size Z‐scores [80% (8/10) of which were under −2] and increased LDD Z‐scores [100% (10/10) of which were greater than 2]. Using an LDD Z‐score of >2.22 was both highly sensitive (100%) and specific (98.5%) for distinguishing between TAPVC and normal hearts.ConclusionNormal data and Z‐scores of fetal LA size and LDD were provided against GA and fetal biometry. This could be useful for quantitative assessment of fetal TAPVC. Increased post‐LA distance and decreased LA size may be markers for the prenatal diagnosis of TAPVC. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substituent‐Controlled Selective and Sensitive Potential Optical Fluoride Sensors Based on Salicylidene Schiff Base Derivatives
Authors: Patil Sagar K. , Das Dipanwita 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of colorimetric chemosensors 2‐((anthracen‐9‐ylmethylene)hydrazonomethyl)phenol (1) and its derivatives with electron donating (–tBu, 2) and withdrawing groups (–Cl, 3) have been synthesized for selective colorimetric ion sensing. Receptor 1 exhibits ability to colorimetric recognition of F− ions in aqueous environment without any interference of other anions revealed in UV‐vis study. Remarkable substituents effect has been observed in selective sensing as receptors 1 and 2 are exclusive colorimetric sensor for F− ion only while probe 3 senses selectively F−, AcO− and H2PO4− ions. A significant red shift (>90 nm) in intra‐ligand charge transfer (ICT) band have been observed after F− ion addition in probes 1 and 2 results distinct color change visible by naked eyes. Proton transfer mechanism has been revealed by absorption and 1H NMR titration study. In case of 1 and 2, two‐step processes have been observed, namely, formation of hydrogen‐bonded complex [LH⋅⋅⋅F]− between receptor and F− followed by F− induced deprotonation of the complex to form L− and FHF−. In contrast, for 3, simple Brönsted acid‐base reaction has been observed. The F− selectivity is demonstrated to be finely tuned by electron push‐pull effect of the substituents on the ortho/para positions of phenyl ring. The excellent selectivity and sensitivity of 1 for F− over AcO− and H2PO4− is ascribed to the fitness in acidity of its phenolic O−H group.