bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Implementing standardized criteria for multi-drug-resistant organisms: a retrospective cost-avoidance analysis for discontinuing contact precautions for ESBL
Authors: Crossley Brenna , Cortes-Ramos Carmen T. , Nolt Dawn 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Objective:
This manuscript calculates the estimated cost-savings associated with implementing criteria for multi-drug-resistant organisms (MDRO).

Design:
The study evaluated extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacterales isolates utilizing the MDRO criteria established by Infection Prevention and Control. Isolates were categorized as either meeting or not meeting criteria. The number of inpatient days for patients with isolates not meeting criteria was calculated. The average daily cost of personal protective equipment (PPE) for patients in contact isolation was determined via literature review. Annual cost savings were determined by multiplying the total number of inpatient days by the average cost of PPE per day. Because our institution only isolates patients who meet the MDRO criteria, this approach was considered a cost-saving measure.

Setting:
560 licensed bed, tertiary care facility in the United States.

Patients:
Adult inpatients between the years of 2019–2022 with an ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from any specimen source.

Results:
229 patients met inclusion criteria. 73% of isolates did not meet MDRO criteria. The patients with ESBL isolates not meeting criteria represented 2942 isolation days over four years. The average cost of PPE for contact isolation per day was $40.18. Cost-savings were estimated at $118,209 over four years.

Conclusions:
Our findings provide support for other healthcare systems to define organisms that warrant transmission-based contact precautions.
Subject to change: quantifying transformation in armed conflict actors at scale using text
Authors: Foster Margaret J. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
An extensive theoretical and practitioner literature addresses the drivers and consequences of transformation of violent rebel actors during conflicts. However, measurement challenges constrain large-N empirical study of the effects and consequences of such transformations. This Research Note introduces a strategy to identify periods of transformation and change in the operation of non-state armed militant groups via computational text analysis of trends in reporting on activities. It presents the measurement approach and demonstrates scalability to a corpus of more than 200 militant groups operating from 1989 to 2020. The study concludes by extending a recent analysis of the impacts of uncertainty on conflict termination. An online Appendix demonstrates the advantages and drawbacks of the measurement through a series of case studies.
De jure and de facto inclusivity in global governance
Authors: Taggart Jack , Haug Sebastian 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Global governance institutions have increasingly ‘opened up’ to non-state actors, leading to more formally inclusive governance arrangements. This has prompted inquiry into the extent and the drivers of this inclusivity, patterns of participation, and the consequences for the legitimacy and effectiveness of global governance. However, while the measurement of formal openness has expanded, the quality of inclusion remains underexplored. We therefore introduce a framework centred on the notion of ‘meaningful inclusion’, distinguishing between formal (de jure) structures and the perceived quality of actual (de facto) engagement. Drawing on extensive empirical data, we then examine the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation. This case exemplifies strong formal mechanisms for inclusion that are contrasted sharply by significant shortcomings in effective engagement. Our findings suggest that improvements in formal global governance structures alone cannot ensure meaningful inclusion. Instead, we highlight the centrality of power dynamics and vested interests in shaping inclusivity dynamics in practice.
Analysis of workspace boundary for multi-robot coordinated lifting system with rolling base
Authors: Zhao Xiangtang , Zhao Zhigang , Liu Yagang , Su Cheng , Meng Jiadong 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAn improved Monte-Carlo algorithm is proposed to address the problem of an unclear workspace boundary in a multi-robot coordinated lifting system. The spatial configuration of a multi-robot coordinated lifting system with rolling base is analyzed, and the kinematics and static workspace of the system are established. To solve the workspace boundary, first, the error introduced by the layers is reduced using an intra-layer thinning method. Second, each layer is divided simultaneously based on rows and columns, and the initial boundary points are extracted by searching for the best value. Third, random three-dimensional points are added in the neighborhood, and pseudo-boundary points are removed using three-dimensional local spherical coordinates to achieve a high-precision solution for the workspace boundary. Finally, the workspace volume is used to analyze the influence of structural parameters on the workspace boundary. The results show that the lifting system has limited carrying capacity and a data reference for selecting the structural parameters by analyzing the factors that affect the workspace. Findings provide a basis for further studies on the structural configuration and optimization of the lifting system.
A case of a tetralogy of Fallot patient treated only with classic Blalock–Taussig–Thomas shunt in modern life
Authors: Pham Thuy Thuc Minh , Huynh Thuy Thi Minh , Vu Phuc Nang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe showed images of classic Blalock–Taussig–Thomas shunt in a 35-year-old male patient with tetralogy of Fallot who underwent palliative surgery in 1992. It is a rare image echocardiography in our modern life.
Utilisation of a post-Fontan management pathway reduces chest tube drainage and hospital readmission rates
Authors: Skaff Adam M. , Kikano Sandra D. , Weiner Jeffrey G. , Staudt Genevieve E. , Maynord Patrick O. , Bichell David P. , Parra David A. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground:Complications following the Fontan procedure include prolonged pleural drainage and readmission for effusions. To address these complications, a post-Fontan management pathway was implemented with primary goals of reducing chest tube duration/reinsertion rates and decreasing hospital length of stay and readmissions.Methods:Fontan patients were identified by retrospective chart review (2017–2019) to obtain baseline data for chest tube duration/reinsertion rates, hospital length of stay, and readmission rates for effusion. A post-Fontan management pathway was implemented (2020–2021) utilising post-operative vasopressin, nasal cannula oxygen until chest tube removal, and discharge regimen of three times daily diuretics, sildenafil, and afterload reducing medications. Patients were followed to evaluate primary outcomes.Results:The pre- and post-pathway groups were similar in single ventricle morphology, demographics, and pre-operative haemodynamics. Forty-three and 36 patients were included in the pre- and post-pathway cohorts, respectively. There were statistically significant reductions in chest tube duration (8 vs. 5 days, p ≤ 0.001), chest tube output on post-operative day 4 (20.4 vs. 9.9 mL/kg/day, p = 0.003), and hospital readmission rates for effusion (13[30%] vs. 3[8%], p = 0.02) compared to baseline. There was an absolute reduction in hospital length of stay (11 vs. 9.5 days, p = 0.052). When combining average cost savings for the Fontan hospitalisations, readmissions for effusion, and cardiac catheterisations within 6 months of Fontan completion, there was a $325,144 total cost savings for 36 patients following pathway implementation.Conclusion:Implementation of a post-Fontan management pathway resulted in significant reductions in chest tube duration and output, and readmission rates for effusion in the perioperative period.
Cross-linguistic transfer in bilingual children's phonological and morphological awareness skills: a longitudinal perspective
Authors: Zhang Kehui , Sun Xin , Flores-Gaona Zahira , Yu Chi-Lin , Eggleston Rachel L. , Nickerson Nia , Caruso Valeria C. , Tardif Twila , Kovelman Ioulia 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Cross-linguistic interactions are the hallmark of bilingual development. Theoretical perspectives highlight the key role of cross-linguistic distances and language structure in literacy development. Despite the strong theoretical assumptions, the impact of such bilingualism factors in heritage-language speakers remains elusive given high variability in children's heritage-language experiences. A longitudinal inquiry of heritage-language learners of structurally distinct languages – Spanish–English and Chinese–English bilinguals (N = 181, Mage = 7.57, measured 1.5 years apart) aimed to fill this gap. Spanish–English bilinguals showed stronger associations between morphological awareness skills across their two languages, across time, likely reflecting cross-linguistic similarities in vocabulary and lexical morphology between Spanish and English. Chinese–English bilinguals, however, showed stronger associations between morphological and word reading skills in English, likely reflecting the critical role of morphology in spoken and written Chinese word structure. The findings inform theories of literacy by uncovering the mechanisms by which bilingualism factors influence child literacy development.
Gradients of Deposition and In Situ Production Drive Global Glacier Organic Matter Composition
Authors: Holt Amy D. , McKenna Amy M. , Kellerman Anne M. , Battin Tom I. , Fellman Jason B. , Hood Eran , Peter Hannes , Schön Martina , De Staercke Vincent , Styllas Michail , Tolosano Matteo , Spencer Robert G. M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractRunoff from rapidly melting mountain glaciers is a dominant source of riverine organic carbon in many high‐latitude and high‐elevation regions. Glacier dissolved organic carbon is highly bioavailable, and its composition likely reflects internal (e.g., autotrophic production) and external (i.e., atmospheric deposition) sources. However, the balance of these sources across Earth's glaciers is poorly understood, despite implications for the mineralization and assimilation of glacier organic carbon within recipient ecosystems. We assessed the molecular‐level composition of dissolved organic matter from 136 mountain glacier outflows from 11 regions covering six continents using ultrahigh resolution 21 T mass spectrometry. We found substantial diversity in organic matter composition with coherent and predictable (80% accuracy) regional patterns. Employing stable and radiocarbon isotopic analyses, we demonstrate that these patterns are inherently linked to atmospheric deposition and in situ production. In remote regions like Greenland and New Zealand, the glacier organic matter pool appears to be dominated by in situ production. However, downwind of industrial centers (e.g., Alaska and Nepal), fossil fuel combustion byproducts likely underpin organic matter composition, resulting in older and more aromatic material being exported downstream. These findings highlight that the glacier carbon cycle is spatially distinct, with ramifications for predicting the dynamics and fate of glacier organic carbon concurrent with continued retreat and anthropogenic perturbation.
Field Investigation of Serpentinite With Induced Polarization and the K‐Means Clustering Technique
Authors: Revil A. , Ghorbani A. , Jacquet J. , Barde‐Cabusson S. , Chen H. , Richard J. , Vaudelet P. , Ménard G. , Delannoy J. J. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe performed a field induced polarization survey at Rocher du Chateau in the French Alps. This site is characterized by the presence of ophiolites with an outcrop of serpentinites. Serpentinite is characterized by high resistivity (∼0.5–10 kΩ m) and high chargeability (∼20–400 mV V−1) values. We collected two serpentinite core samples for spectral induced polarization measurements conducted in the frequency range 10 mHz–45 kHz, validating the field results. The high chargeability of serpentinite is associated with the production of magnetite during the fluid‐rock alteration, as indicated by the high magnetic susceptibility of the core samples (0.0340 SI). Using the laboratory measurements and the K‐means clustering technique, we successfully imaged the serpentinite facies and we were able to distinguish blocks of serpentinites embedded in the sedimentary cover. This approach could possibly be used for the seafloor exploration using induced polarization.
Osmosis Drives Explosions and Methane Release in Siberian Permafrost
Authors: Morgado Ana M. O. , Rocha Luis A. M. , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Cardoso Silvana S. S. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractMysterious craters, with anomalously high concentrations of methane, have formed in the Yamal and Taymyr peninsulas of Siberia since 2014. While thawing permafrost owing to climate warming promotes methane releases, it is unknown how such release might be associated with explosion and crater formation. A significant volume of surface ice‐melt water can migrate downward driven by osmotic pressure associated with a cryopeg, a lens of salty water below. Overpressure reached at depth may lead to the cracking of the soil and subsequent decomposition of methane hydrates, with implications for the climate.
Future Increase in Post‐Drought Precipitation With a Stronger Response to Warming
Authors: Zhu M. M. , Gao L. , Zhao Q. K. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccording to observational evidence and climate model projections, the frequency and intensity of the rapid shift from drought to pluvial (rapid dry‒wet alternation, RDWA) increases as warming intensifies. Given that post‐drought precipitation is a key cause of RDWA, this study focuses on changes in post‐drought precipitation. Climate model projections indicate that the mean post‐drought precipitation will increase by 15.3% during 2071–2100 under the Shared Socio‐economic Pathway (SSP) 585 scenario. The scenario‐averaged response rate of post‐drought precipitation (4.6%/K) to global warming is significantly greater than that of general precipitation (2.7%/K). Furthermore, there will be an increase in the proportion of land area experiencing maximum post‐drought precipitation in autumn. The mean post‐drought extreme precipitation will increase by 20.5% under SSP585, exacerbating the severity of RDWA in a warmer world. The post‐drought thermodynamic (precipitable water) and dynamic (atmospheric vertical velocity) components are both conducive to the future increase in post‐drought precipitation.
Precession‐Driven Variations in the Indonesian Throughflow Thermocline and Its Implications on the Agulhas Leakage
Authors: Zhang Peng , Xu Jian , Holbourn Ann , Kuhnt Wolfgang , Pei Renjie , Xiong Zhifang , Li Tiegang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) thermocline, as exclusive water source for the “warm water route” of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), provides waters that exit the Indian Ocean and join the AMOC upper limb via the Agulhas Leakage (AL). Hence, investigating long‐term variations in the ITF thermocline and its implications on the AL is important for understanding dynamics of the AMOC. Here, the thermohaline history of the ITF thermocline was reconstructed for the last ∼410 kyr based on δ18O and Mg/Ca of planktonic foraminifera from International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1483. By integrating the new and published records, we found that precession drives variation of the ITF thermocline through modulating the intensity of the Australian‐Indonesian winter monsoon, El Niño‐Southern Oscillation‐like states and formation of the North Pacific Tropical Water, in turn exerting a transoceanic influence on the amount of the AL and seawater temperature and salinity of the South Atlantic thermocline.
Global Observations of Geomagnetically Induced Currents Caused by an Extremely Intense Density Pulse During a Coronal Mass Ejection
Authors: Liu Terry Z. , Shi Xueling , Hartinger Michael D. , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Rodger Craig J. , Viljanen Ari , Qi Yi , Shi Chen , Parry Hannah , Mann Ian , Cordell Darcy , Madanian Hadi , Mac Manus Daniel H. , Dalzell Michael , Cui Ryan , MacMullin Ryan , Young‐Morris Greg , Noel Christian , Streifling Jeffrey 
Published: September 2024

AbstractA variety of magnetosphere‐ionosphere current systems and waves have been linked to geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) and geomagnetically induced currents (GIC). However, since many location‐specific factors control GMD and GIC intensity, it is often unclear what mechanisms generate the largest GMD and GIC in different locations. We address this challenge through analysis of multi‐satellite measurements and globally distributed magnetometer and GIC measurements. We find embedded within the magnetic cloud of the 23–24 April 2023 coronal mass ejection (CME) storm there was a global scale density pulse lasting for 10–20 min with compression ratio of . It caused substantial dayside displacements of the bow shock and magnetopause, changes of and , respectively, which in turn caused large amplitude GMD in the magnetosphere and on the ground across a wide local time range. At the time this global GMD was observed, GIC measured in New Zealand, Finland, Canada, and the United States were observed. The GIC were comparable (within factors of 2–2.5) to the largest ever recorded during 14 year monitoring intervals in New Zealand and Finland and represented 2‐year maxima in the United States during a period with several Kp7 geomagnetic storms. Additionally, the GIC measurements in the USA and other mid‐latitude locations exhibited wave‐like fluctuations with 1–2 min period. This work suggests that large density pulses in CME should be considered an important driver of large amplitude, global GMD and among the largest GIC at mid‐latitude locations, and that sampling intervals are required to capture these GMD/GIC.
Tumor specimen cold ischemia time impacts molecular cancer drug target discovery
Authors: von der Heyde Silvia , Raman Nithya , Gabelia Nina , Matias-Guiu Xavier , Yoshino Takayuki , Tsukada Yuichiro , Melino Gerry , Marshall John L. , Wellstein Anton , Juhl Hartmut , Landgrebe Jobst 
Published: September 2024

AbstractTumor tissue collections are used to uncover pathways associated with disease outcomes that can also serve as targets for cancer treatment, ideally by comparing the molecular properties of cancer tissues to matching normal tissues. The quality of such collections determines the value of the data and information generated from their analyses including expression and modifications of nucleic acids and proteins. These biomolecules are dysregulated upon ischemia and decompose once the living cells start to decay into inanimate matter. Therefore, ischemia time before final tissue preservation is the most important determinant of the quality of a tissue collection. Here we show the impact of ischemia time on tumor and matching adjacent normal tissue samples for mRNAs in 1664, proteins in 1818, and phosphosites in 1800 cases (tumor and matching normal samples) of four solid tumor types (CRC, HCC, LUAD, and LUSC NSCLC subtypes). In CRC, ischemia times exceeding 15 min impacted 12.5% (mRNA), 25% (protein), and 50% (phosphosites) of differentially expressed molecules in tumor versus normal tissues. This hypoxia- and decay-induced dysregulation increased with longer ischemia times and was observed across tumor types. Interestingly, the proteomics analysis revealed that specimen ischemia time above 15 min is mostly associated with a dysregulation of proteins in the immune-response pathway and less so with metabolic processes. We conclude that ischemia time is a crucial quality parameter for tissue collections used for target discovery and validation in cancer research.
Enhanced feature matching in single-cell proteomics characterizes IFN-γ response and co-existence of cell states
Authors: Krull Karl K. , Ali Syed Azmal , Krijgsveld Jeroen 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProteome analysis by data-independent acquisition (DIA) has become a powerful approach to obtain deep proteome coverage, and has gained recent traction for label-free analysis of single cells. However, optimal experimental design for DIA-based single-cell proteomics has not been fully explored, and performance metrics of subsequent data analysis tools remain to be evaluated. Therefore, we here formalize and comprehensively evaluate a DIA data analysis strategy that exploits the co-analysis of low-input samples with a so-called matching enhancer (ME) of higher input, to increase sensitivity, proteome coverage, and data completeness. We assess the matching specificity of DIA-ME by a two-proteome model, and demonstrate that false discovery and false transfer are maintained at low levels when using DIA-NN software, while preserving quantification accuracy. We apply DIA-ME to investigate the proteome response of U-2 OS cells to interferon gamma (IFN-γ) in single cells, and recapitulate the time-resolved induction of IFN-γ response proteins as observed in bulk material. Moreover, we uncover co- and anti-correlating patterns of protein expression within the same cell, indicating mutually exclusive protein modules and the co-existence of different cell states. Collectively our data show that DIA-ME is a powerful, scalable, and easy-to-implement strategy for single-cell proteomics.
Direct asymmetric synthesis of β-branched aromatic α-amino acids using engineered phenylalanine ammonia lyases
Authors: Sun Chenghai , Lu Gen , Chen Baoming , Li Guangjun , Wu Ya , Brack Yannik , Yi Dong , Ao Yu-Fei , Wu Shuke , Wei Ren , Sun Yuhui , Zhai Guifa , Bornscheuer Uwe T. 
Published: September 2024

Abstractβ-Branched aromatic α-amino acids are valuable building blocks in natural products and pharmaceutically active compounds. However, their chemical or enzymatic synthesis is challenging due to the presence of two stereocenters. We design phenylalanine ammonia lyases (PAL) variants for the direct asymmetric synthesis of β-branched aromatic α-amino acids. Based on extensive computational analyses, we unravel the enigma behind PAL’s inability to accept β-methyl cinnamic acid (β-MeCA) as substrate and achieve the synthesis of the corresponding amino acids of β-MeCA and analogs using a double (PcPAL-L256V-I460V) and a triple mutant (PcPAL-F137V-L256V-I460V). The reactions are scaled-up using an optimized E. coli based whole-cell biotransformation system to produce ten β-branched phenylalanine analogs with high diastereoselectivity (dr > 20:1) and enantioselectivity (ee > 99.5%) in yields ranging from 41-71%. Moreover, we decipher the mechanism of PcPAL-L256V-I460V for the acceptance of β-MeCA and converting it with excellent stereoselectivity by computational simulations. Thus, this study offers an efficient method for synthesizing β-branched aromatic α-amino acids.
A large-scale in silico replication of ecological and evolutionary studies
Authors: Yang Yefeng , van Zwet Erik , Ignatiadis Nikolaos , Nakagawa Shinichi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDespite the growing concerns about the replicability of ecological and evolutionary studies, no results exist from a field-wide replication project. We conduct a large-scale in silico replication project, leveraging cutting-edge statistical methodologies. Replicability is 30%–40% for studies with marginal statistical significance in the absence of selective reporting, whereas the replicability of studies presenting ‘strong’ evidence against the null hypothesis H0 is >70%. The former requires a sevenfold larger sample size to reach the latter’s replicability. We call for a change in planning, conducting and publishing research towards a transparent, credible and replicable ecology and evolution.