bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Nightmares Course: A Longitudinal, Multidisciplinary, Simulation-Based Curriculum to Train and Assess Resident Competence in Resuscitation
Authors: McMurray Lindsey , Hall Andrew Koch , Rich Jessica , Merchant Stefan , Chaplin Timothy 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Background
Postgraduate medical education programs would benefit from a robust process for training and assessment of competence in resuscitation early in residency.

Objective
To describe and evaluate the Nightmares Course, a novel, competency-based, transitional curriculum and assessment program in resuscitation medicine at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Methods
First-year residents participated in the longitudinal Nightmares Course at Queen's University during the 2015–2016 academic year. An expert working group developed the entrustable professional activity and curricular design for the course. Formative feedback was provided following each simulation-based session, and we employed a summative objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) utilizing a modified Queen's Simulation Assessment Tool. A generalizability study and resident surveys were performed to evaluate the course and assessment process.

Results
A total of 40 residents participated in the course, and 23 (58%) participated in the OSCE. Eight of 23 (35%) did not meet the predetermined competency threshold and required remediation. The OSCE demonstrated an acceptable phi coefficient of 0.73. The approximate costs were $240 per Nightmares session, $10,560 for the entire 44-session curriculum, and $3,900 for the summative OSCE.

Conclusions
The Nightmares Course demonstrated feasibility and acceptability, and is applicable to a broad array of postgraduate medical education programs. The entrustment-based assessment detected several residents not meeting a minimum competency threshold, and directed them to additional training.
Effectiveness of Ultrasonic and Manual Dynamic Agitation Techniques in Irrigant Penetration: An in vitro Study
Authors: Suprabha BS 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim is to compare the extent of irrigant penetration into root canals up to the working length and in simulated lateral canals after passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) and manual dynamic agitation (MDA).

Materials and methods
Root canals of 36 single-rooted extracted teeth were shaped using rotary files. Irrigation was done with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid. Teeth were decalcified in 5% nitric acid. Lateral canals were created by inserting 10 K-files and then, the teeth were cleared using methyl salicylate. Samples were randomly divided into three groups of 12 teeth each: Group I — Control, group II — PUI, and group III — MDA. A contrast solution was delivered to the root canals during final irrigation and activation. Specimens were photographed using dental operating microscope, and the mean length of dye penetration was measured.

Results
Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey test, and repeated measures ANOVA. Passive ultrasonic irrigation group showed the highest penetration of the irrigant upto the working length followed by MDA. Manual dynamic agitation and PUI groups had equivocal results in lateral canal irrigation.

Conclusion
Passive ultrasonic irrigation technique is the most effective in delivering the irrigants up to the working length. The effectiveness of PUI and MDA is equivocal in lateral canal irrigation, and hence, MDA can be considered an alternative to PUI, in the case of nonavailability of PUI.

Clinical significance
The clinician can consider the use of MDA technique for irrigant agitation in root canals as an alternative to PUI, based on the extent of irrigant penetration.

How to cite this article
Khare M, Suprabha BS, Yadav A, Shenoy R, Boaz K, Rao A. Effectiveness of Ultrasonic and Manual Dynamic Agitation Techniques in Irrigant Penetration: An in vitro Study. World J Dent 2017;8(3):207-212.
Evaluation to prevent the Physical Changes in Colored Elastomeric Modules when exposed to various Dietary Media
Authors: Babu K Pradeep , Kumar A Nanda , Kanya S Dhivya , Venkatesan R 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTAim and objectiveThe aim of the study is to analyze and compare the variation of lumen size and thickness of the elastomeric colored modules when immersed in four selected dietary media.Materials and methodsSample size of 40 modules on each color – such as red, blue, green, and black – was taken and immersed in four dietary media (artificial saliva, coke mixed with artificial saliva, turmeric mixed with artificial saliva, and coffee mixed with artificial saliva). Beakers containing different dietary media and color modules are kept in the incubator at 37°C for 72 hours. After incubation period, all the segments of module strips removed from the dietary media were placed under the electric lamp and photographs were taken using Canon camera (SX400 IS). Photographs were transferred to GIMP software, and lumen size and thickness variation in the modules was measured.ResultsStatistical analysis were performed using analysis of variance and t-test in Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. It showed significant difference in thickness of black module in all dietary media. Significant difference existed between all the lumen sizes of four color modules in four dietary media.ConclusionThis study was done to identify the material that has more changes in physical properties when exposed to various dietary media.Clinical significanceAccording to the results obtained, black color modules have increased in lumen size in all dietary media. In thickness, red color module showed less variation and black color module exhibited more variation.How to cite this articleKanya SD, Babu KP, Venkatesan R, Kumar AN. Evaluation to prevent the Physical Changes in Colored Elastomeric Modules when exposed to various Dietary Media. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):458-462.
Comparative Evaluation of Stress developed on Rotary Retreatment Instruments during Retrieval of Gutta-percha
Authors: Shivanna Sushmita , Sihivahanan Dhanasekaran , Reddy T Vinay Kumar , Thomas Anchu Rachel , Senthilnathan Natarajan , Sivakumar Murali 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT

Aim
The aim of the study is to compare the maximum stress distribution on the rotary retreatment instruments within the root canal at cervical, middle, and the apical one-third during retreatment of gutta-percha.

Materials and methods
A human mandibular premolar was scanned, and three-dimensional geometry of the root was reconstructed using finite element analysis (FEA) software package (ANSYS). The basic model was kept unchanged; tooth models were created using the same dimensions and divided into two groups as follows: Group I: ProTaper Universal retreatment system and group II: Mtwo rotary retreatment system. The stress distribution on the surface and within the retreatment files was analyzed numerically in the FEA package (ANSYS).

Results
The FEA analysis revealed that the retreatment instruments received the greatest stress in the cervical third, followed by the apical third and the middle third. The stress generated on the ProTaper Universal retreatment system was less when compared with the Mtwo retreatment files.

Conclusion
The study concludes that the retreatment instruments undergo higher stress in the cervical third region, and further in vivo and in vitro studies are necessary to evaluate the relationship between instrument designs, stress distribution, residual stresses after use, and the torsional fracture of the retreatment instrument.

Clinical significance
The stress developed on the rotary retreatment instruments during retrieval of gutta-percha makes the instrument to get separated. There is no instrument system, i.e., suitable for all clinical situations and it is important to understand how the structural characteristics could influence the magnitude of stresses on the instrument to prevent its fracture in use.

How to cite this article
Sihivahanan D, Reddy TVK, Thomas AR, Senthilnathan N, Sivakumar M, Shivanna S. Comparative Evaluation of Stress developed on Rotary Retreatment Instruments during Retrieval of Gutta-percha. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):484-489.
Utility of Dermatoglyphic Pattern in Prediction of Caries in Children of Telangana Region, India
Authors: Asif Shaik M , Babu Dara BG , Naheeda Shaik 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionDermatoglyphics is an extremely useful tool as a preliminary investigation method for diagnosing suspected genetic disorders. Caries being a multifactorial disease with the influence of genetic pattern, early identification of caries risk children with dermatoglyphics can help in using effective and efficient caries preventive measures.Aims and objectivesThe study was undertaken to record and know the frequency of occurrence of fingerprint patterns among children with caries and in children without caries.Materials and methodsA total of 400 schoolchildren in the age group of 5 to 12 years were selected from a private school, Warangal, Telangana, India. Of 400 schoolchildren, 200 children were with caries group and 200 children were in caries-free group. Children with dental caries in five or more teeth based on the decayed, missing, filled teeth index performed were considered as study group, and the control group was normal healthy children without any dental caries. The fingerprints of each child were recorded using stamp pad method, and type of dermatoglyphic pattern of each digit was recorded based on Cummins and Midlo method. Data obtained were put for statistical analysis; p < 0.001 was considered statistically significant.ResultsAlthough the frequency of whorl pattern was more prevalent in caries group, it was statistically significant on the left hand third digit of females and on the right hand third digit and the left hand fourth digit of males. Fingerprints of female caries-free group showed maximum of ulnar loop and males showed maximum of arches. There was a decrease in total ridge count in caries group, especially in males.ConclusionDermatoglyphics could be an appropriate method to explore the possibility of a noninvasive and an early predictor for dental caries.Clinical significanceDermatoglyphics has a future role in identifying people with or at increased risk for dental caries so that risk reduction measures or earlier therapy may be instituted.How to cite this articleAsif SM, Balaji Babu DBG, Naheeda S. Utility of Dermatoglyphic Pattern in Prediction of Caries in Children of Telangana Region, India. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):490-496.
Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics
Authors: Mohammadi Zahed , Shalavi Sousan , Kinoshita Jun-Ichiro , Jafarzadeh Hamid 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTCommonly used irrigants do not always eradicate the entire microbial flora in infected root canals. Therefore, several other strategies, such as photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been developed. Photoactivated disinfection is based on the interaction of a photosensitive antibacterial agent and a light source. It uses a nontoxic dye named photosensitizer (PS) and lowintensity visible light. In oxygen presentation, these combine to produce some cytotoxic species. The PS molecules attach to bacteria membrane. Irradiation with a specific wavelength of the light may lead to the production of singlet oxygen, resulting in rupture of the microbial cell wall. There are several applications for PDT in dentistry. A successful periodontal treatment is based on elimination of bacteria from the infected area. Phenothiazinium PSs have been shown to be highly effective and safe for this purpose. However, scaling/root planing should be performed before the PDT. While performing the PDT, PS should be first injected in the periodontal pocket and allowed to pigment. Then, the special fiber should be inserted 1 mm short of the pocket base and lased. Photodynamic therapy has also been used to disinfect caries dentin before restoration, disinfecting oral tissues before or during surgical procedures, treating denture stomatitis, and treating oral candidiasis in immunocompromised patients. Photodynamic therapy can be used in combination with mechanical instrumentation and chemical antimicrobial agents, such as sodium hypochlorite, too. The purpose of this study was to review historical perspective, mechanism of action, and applications of PDT in dentistry and especially in endodontics was reviewed. Furthermore, the effects of PDT on dentin bonding and endotoxin are discussed.Clinical significancePhotodynamic therapy has been advocated to increase the disinfection level of the root canal system.How to cite this articleMohammadi Z, Jafarzadeh H, Shalavi S, Kinoshita JI. Photodynamic Therapy in Endodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):534-538.
Tissue Extraction and Morcellation: The Menace of Unexpected Malignancy
Authors: Abdusattarova Khulkar 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACT
Uterine fibroids are a common indication for hysterectomy or myomectomy. Even with optimal preoperative imaging, unexpected uterine sarcoma can be detected in histopathology after uterine fibroid surgery. In case of inadvertent morcellation of an unexpected uterine sarcoma the clinical outcomes, due to the rapid intraperitoneal dissemination of malignant tissue during the procedure can be negatively influenced. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of uterine sarcoma in women undergoing hysterectomy or myomectomy for benign uterine fibroids. We performed retrospective study (2003-2014 years). The total number of women operated for uterine fibroids was 2297. Of this, 938 (42.5%) women had myomectomies and 1269 (57.5%) women had hysterectomies. In myomectomies the most frequently used surgical method was laparoscopic myomectomy in 591(63%) cases, followed by hysteroscopy myomectomy in 306 (32.62%) cases, and laparotomic myomectomy only in 41 (4.37%) cases. In hysterectomies, laparoscopic approaches significantly dominated in 1163 (61.1%) cases, showing laparotomic approaches in 491(25.82%) cases and vaginal approaches in 247 (12.99) cases. Only one patient with endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) was not preoperatively diagnosed and treated as symptomatic uterine fibroid; this patient underwent laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy. In the post-operative histopathological examination ESS was detected. Thus, our incidence of sarcomas among women who underwent benign uterine fibroid surgery is 1/2297 (0,043%). Laparoscopic power morcellation should be performed only in cases with no suspicion of malignancy Patients, who undergo laparoscopic surgery with power morcellation should be informed about the possible risks of morcellation in cases of rare not suspected malignant disease.
How to cite this article
Mettler L, Abdusattarova K. Tissue Extraction and Morcellation: The Menace of Unexpected Malignancy. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):1-4.
Invasive Pre- and Postnatal Genetic Evaluation reduces the Reproductive Risk in the Era of Noninvasive or Minimally Invasive Prenatal Screening Method
Authors: Chakravarty Amit , De Puspal , Chakravarty Sudipa 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIntroductionSpontaneous abortion has been reported in 15 to 20% of all diagnosed pregnancies. The most common cause of spontaneous abortion is chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo. Robertsonian translocation is one of the major chromosomal rearrangements with a prevalence rate of 0.1% of the general population and 1% of the infertile population. Robertsonian translocation carriers especially 21,14 are the most common balanced rearrangements among the carrier couples with a history of spontaneous abortion.Materials and methodsCytogenetic evaluation of both the partners and the child revealed that the child had translocated Down’s syndrome and the mother was carrier of balanced Robertsonian translocation of 14q;21q. Amniocentesis of the next pregnancy and detection of chromosomal abnormality in the fetus were done by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis of the amniotic cells with 13,18,21,X,Y probe mix.ConclusionThe present case study shows that genetic counseling, cytogenetic evaluation, prenatal diagnosis by amniocentesis, and FISH together help couples with nonhomologous RT and history with syndromic child and repeated abortions to get normal offspring.How to cite this articleDe P, Chakravarty S, Chakravarty A. Invasive Pre- and Postnatal Genetic Evaluation reduces the Reproductive Risk in the Era of Noninvasive or Minimally Invasive Prenatal Screening Method. Int J Gynecol Endsc 2017;1(1):35-39.
Effect of Maternal Obesity on Maternal-Fetal Transfer of Preoperative Cefazolin at Cesarean Section
Authors: Groff Stephanie McKenney , Fallatah Wareef , Yang Samuel , Murphy Jamie , Crutchfield Christopher , Marzinke Mark , Kurtzberg Joanne , Lee Carlton K.K. , Burd Irina , Farzin Azadeh 
Published: June 2017

OBJECTIVES
American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends a single dose of antibiotic prophylaxis before all cesarean sections (C/S). This recommendation is based on pharmacokinetic studies that include only non-obese patients. We sought to evaluate 1) cefazolin plasma concentrations among obese and non-obese patients after administration of a 2-g cefazolin dose for prevention of surgical wound infections, and 2) whether cefazolin concentration in fetal circulation may be protective against pathogens that cause early onset neonatal sepsis.

METHODS
Maternal and fetal cefazolin plasma concentrations were compared between obese (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) and non-obese (BMI &lt; 25 kg/m2) healthy, term pregnant women undergoing scheduled C/S. Liquid chromatographic–tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) methods were used for quantification of total and free cefazolin concentrations in maternal blood (MB) and umbilical cord blood (UCB).

RESULTS
Eight women were screened and consented. There was no difference between groups in MB total and free cefazolin concentrations. All MB samples had total and free cefazolin concentrations greater than the minimum inhibitory concentration 90 (MIC90) for Group B Streptococcus (GBS), Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. All UCB samples had total and free cefazolin concentrations greater than MIC90 for GBS and S aureus, even when administered as briefly as 18 minutes before delivery. A lower concentration of total cefazolin was detected in UCB of neonates of obese women compared to non-obese women (p &gt; 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS
Administration of 2 g of cefazolin to women undergoing scheduled C/S might be an adequate prophylactic dose for surgical wound infection in both non-obese and obese patients; and cefazolin concentration in fetal circulation may be protective against GBS and S aureus.
The safety of manipulative treatment: review of the literature from 1925 to 1993
Authors: Vick David A. , McKay Claire , Zengerle Claire R. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Many osteopathic medical students and physicians have an inherent fear of injuring patients when they perform osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). Based on the estimated several hundred million treatments performed each year in the United States as well as a review of the literature over the past six decades, only 185 reports of injury were found. However, besides good training in these techniques, the key to the safety of OMT is the taking of a thorough patient history and performing a thorough physical examination before the application of any manipulative procedure.
Update on osteopathic medical concepts and the lymphatic system
Authors: Degenhardt Brian F. , Kuchera Michael L. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The osteopathic medical profession has long recognized the importance of the lymphatic system in maintaining health. A review of scientific studies shows much information on the mechanisms and importance of lymph circulation. Many osteopathic manipulative techniques designed to treat patients with tissue congestion are based on early research recognizing that lymph flow is influenced by myofascial compression. Osteopathic manipulative treatment of the diaphragm was substantiated when pressure differentials created by the thoracic diaphragm were shown to influence lymph flow. Current research demonstrates that autonomically mediated, intrinsic lymphatic contractility plays a significant role in lymph propulsion, supporting the use of osteopathic manipulative techniques directed at influencing the autonomic nervous system to improve lymphatic circulation. Although research provides an explanation of how osteopathic manipulative techniques influence the lymphatic system, experimentation to test the direct influence of manipulation on lymph circulation is needed. Clinical outcomes studies are also necessary to substantiate the clinical efficacy of osteopathic manipulative techniques.
A IDEOLOGIA DA ESCOLA NOVA E A EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO BRASIL: CRÍTICA À “EDUCAÇÃO SOB MEDIDA” DE INEZIL PENNA MARINHO
Authors: Andrade Ricardo Adriano de 
Published: June 2017

<p>A presente pesquisa analisou o pensamento educacional de Inezil Penna Marinho e sua relação com a ideologia educacional no Brasil durante a década de 1940. Para tanto, objetivou-se demonstrar os limites das propostas de ensino da educação física de Marinho em face do debate educacional ocorrido no período. O itinerário de Marinho, professor de Educação Física, que atuou como técnico em educação no Ministério de Educação e Saúde Pública, durante a década de 1940, e sua profícua obra sobre a Educação, justificam a escolha de suas ideias educacionais como objeto deste estudo. É possível apontar que o pensamento educacional de Marinho aproximou-se das ideias educacionais do movimento da escola nova, uma expressão da ideologia da burguesia industrial no Brasil, cuja proposta tem por perspectiva a formação diferenciada entre classes dirigentes e dirigidas na sociedade de classes capitalista no Brasil.</p><p> </p>
CRÍTICA DA POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL
Authors: Maues Olgaíses Cabral 
Published: June 2017

A entrevista deste número desafiou todo o comitê editorial de Germinal. A dinâmica conjuntural demandava um nome que estivesse acompanhando longitudinalmente as reformas e em uma posição de enfrentamento e luta ante o difícil quadro de resistência em que nos colocamos neste momento. Após diversas indicações elegemos Olgaíses Cabal Maués, Professora da Universidade Federal do Pará e 3ª Vice-Presidente do <em>Sindicato Nacional dos Docentes da Educação Superior –ANDES-SN</em>, Coordenadora do <em>Grupo de Trabalho </em><em>Política Educacional – GTPE </em>daquela entidade, e responsável pela organização do <em>Encontro Nacional da Educação</em> (I e II ENE), compondo a <em>Coordenação Nacional das Entidades em Defesa da Educação Pública e Gratuita</em>. O roteiro deste número esteve sob os cuidados de: Maria de Fátima Rodrigues Pereira, Maria de Fátima Felix Rosar, Paulino Orso, e Elza Margarida de Mendonça Peixoto.
Nonlinear response of iceberg side melting to ocean currents
Authors: FitzMaurice A. , Cenedese C. , Straneo F. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIcebergs calving into Greenlandic Fjords frequently experience strongly sheared flows over their draft, but the impact of this flow past the iceberg is not fully captured by existing parameterizations. We present a series of novel laboratory experiments to determine the dependence of submarine melting along iceberg sides on a background flow. We show, for the first time, that two distinct regimes of melting exist depending on the flow magnitude and consequent behavior of melt plumes (side‐attached or side‐detached), with correspondingly different meltwater spreading characteristics. When this velocity dependence is included in melt parameterizations, melt rates estimated for observed icebergs in the attached regime increase, consistent with observed iceberg submarine melt rates. We show that both attached and detached plume regimes are relevant to icebergs observed in a Greenland fjord. Further, depending on the regime, iceberg meltwater may either be confined to a surface layer or distributed over the iceberg draft.