bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of prehospital initiation of therapeutic hypothermia in adults with cardiac arrest on time-to-target temperature
Authors: Schenfeld Eric M. , Studnek Jonathan , Heffner Alan C. , Nussbaum Marcy , Kraft Kathi , Pearson David A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjective: Despite growing adoption, the impact of prehospital initiation of therapeutic hypothermia on outcomes of cardiac arrest patients is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine if prehospital administration of cold intravenous fluids improved the time-to-target temperature.Methods: All patients enrolled in an institutional post– cardiac arrest treatment pathway were prospectively registered into a quality assurance database. Patients undergoing cooling induction on hospital arrival were compared to those receiving a new treatment protocol initiated during the study period involving prehospital cooling with 4°C (39.2°F) normal saline. The primary outcome was the time-to-target temperature. Secondary outcomes included emergency medicine system transport time metrics, mortality, and neurologic status at discharge and 1 year.Results: One hundred thirty-two patients were enrolled during the study period. The initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia in 63% and asystole/pulseless electrical activity in 36%. Eighty patients received prehospital cooling and 52 patients did not and comprised the historical control group. Time-to-target temperatures were not significantly different between prehospital and hospital cooled groups (256 v. 271 minutes, respectively, p=0.64), nor was there any improvement in hospital survival (54% v. 50%, p=0.67), good neurologic outcome (49% v. 44%, p=0.61), or 1- year survival (49% v. 42%, p=0.46) between the two groups. Transport times were longer in the prehospital cooled group.Conclusions: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients treated with prehospital cooling before arrival at our urban hospital did not have faster time-to-target temperature or improvement in outcomes compared to patients cooled immediately on emergency department arrival. Further research is needed to determine if any benefits exist from prehospital cooling prior to its widespread adoption.
Closing the circle of care: implementation of a web-based communication tool to improve emergency department discharge communication with family physicians
Authors: Hunchak Cheryl , Tannenbaum David , Roberts Michael , Shah Thrushar , Tisma Predrag , Ovens Howard , Borgundvaag Bjug 
Published: July 2016

AbstractObjective: Postdischarge emergency department (ED) communication with family physicians is often suboptimal and negatively impacts patient care. We designed and piloted an online notification system that electronically alerts family physicians of patient ED visits and provides access to visitspecific laboratory and diagnostic information.Methods: Nine (of 10 invited) high-referring family physicians participated in this single ED pilot. A prepilot chart audit (30 patients from each family physician) determined the baseline rate of paper-based record transmission. A webbased communication portal was designed and piloted by the nine family physicians over 1 year. Participants provided usability feedback via focus groups and written surveys.Results: Review of 270 patient charts in the prepilot phase revealed a 13% baseline rate of handwritten chart and a 44% rate of any information transfer between the ED and family physician offices following discharge. During the pilot, participant family physicians accrued 880 patient visits. Seven and two family physicians accessed online records for 74% and 12% of visits, respectively, an overall 60.7% of visits, corresponding to an overall absolute increase in receipt of patient ED visit information of 17%. The postpilot survey found that 100% of family physicians reported that they were ‘‘often’’ or ‘‘always’’ aware of patient ED visits, used the portal ‘‘always’’ or ‘‘regularly’’ to access patients’ health records online, and felt that the web portal contributed to improved actual and perceived continuity of patient care.Conclusion: Introduction of a web-based ED visit communication tool improved ED–family physician communication. The impact of this system on improved continuity of care, timeliness of follow-up, and reduced duplication of investigations and referrals requires additional study.
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation after protracted ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest: case report and discussion
Authors: Abu-Laban Riyad B. , Migneault David , Grant Meghan R. , Dhingra Vinay , Fung Anthony , Cook Richard C. , Sweet David 
Published: July 2016

AbstractExtracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a method to provide temporary cardiac and respiratory support to critically ill patients. In recent years, the role of ECMO in emergency departments (EDs) for select adults has increased. We present the dramatic case of a 29-year-old man who was placed on venoarterial ECMO for cardiogenic shock and respiratory failure following collapse and protracted ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest in our ED. Resuscitation efforts prior to ECMO commencement included 49 minutes of virtually continuous cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), 11 defibrillations, administration of numerous medications, including a thrombolytic agent, while CPR was ongoing, percutaneous coronary intervention and stenting for a mid–left anterior descending coronary artery dissection and thrombotic occlusion, inotropic support, and intra-aortic balloon pump counterpulsation. Over the next 48 hours following ECMO commencement, the patient’s cardiorespiratory function rapidly improved, and he was discharged home 9 days after admission with no neurologic sequelae. The history, indications, and increasing role of ECMO in a range of conditions, including cardiac arrest, are reviewed.
Clopidogrel with aspirin versus aspirin alone in prevention of stroke following transient ischemic attack or acute minor stroke
Authors: Seadon Scott , Lang Eddy 
Published: July 2016

Clinical questionFollowing transient ischemic attack or acute minor stroke, does the combination of clopidogrel and aspirin reduce the risk of stroke greater than aspirin alone?Article chosenWang Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, et al. Clopidogrel with aspirin in acute minor stroke or transient ischemic attack. N Engl J Med 2013;369:11-9.ObjectiveThe primary outcome measured in this study was ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke at 90 days of follow-up in groups assigned to treatment with a combination of aspirin and clopidogrel or aspirin alone following transient ischemic attack or acute minor stroke. The secondary outcomes were new clinical vascular events, including vascular death.
Ecological distributions, phenological isolation, and genetic structure in sympatric and parapatric populations of theLarrea tridentatapolyploid complex
Authors: Laport Robert G. , Minckley Robert L. , Ramsey Justin 
Published: July 2016

PREMISE OF THE STUDY:Polyploidy is widely recognized as a mechanism of diversification. Contributions of polyploidy to specific pre‐ and postzygotic barriers—and classifications of polyploid speciation as “ecological” vs. “non‐ecological”—are more contentious. Evaluation of these issues requires comprehensive studies that test ecological characteristics of cytotypes as well as the coincidence of genetic structure with cytotype distributions.METHODS:We investigated a classical example of autopolyploid speciation,Larrea tridentata, at multiple areas of cytotype co‐occurrence. Habitat and phenological differences were compared between diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid populations on the basis of edaphic, community composition, and flowering time surveys. Frequency of hybridization between diploids and tetraploids was investigated using a diploid‐specific chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) marker; genetic structure for all cytotypes was assessed using amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs).KEY RESULTS:Across contact zones, we found cytotypes in habitats distinguished by soil and vegetation. We observed modest differences in timing and production of flowers, indicating a degree of assortative mating that was asymmetric between cytotypes. Nonetheless, cpDNA analyses in diploid–tetraploid contact zones suggested that ∼5% of tetraploid plants had hybrid origins involving unilateral sexual polyploidization. Genetic structure of AFLPs largely coincided with cytotype distributions in diploid–tetraploid contact zones. In contrast, there was little structure in areas of contact between tetraploids and hexaploids, suggesting intercytotype gene flow or recurrent hexaploid formation.CONCLUSIONS:Diploid, tetraploid, and hexaploid cytotypes ofL. tridentataare segregated by environmental distributions and flowering phenology in contact zones, with diploid and tetraploid populations having corresponding differences in genetic structure.
Safety and Efficacy of Gadoxetate Disodium-enhanced Liver Mri in Pediatric Patients Aged >2 Months to <18 Years—Results of a Retrospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Geller James , Kasahara Mureo , Martinez Mercedes , Soresina Annarosa , Kashanian Fran , Endrikat Jan 
Published: July 2016

Purpose To assess the safety and efficacy of gadoxetate disodium-enhanced liver MR imaging in pediatric patients. Material and Methods Retrospective, multicenter study including pediatric patients aged >2 months to <18 years who underwent contrast-enhanced liver MRI due to focal liver lesions. A single intravenous bolus injection of 0.025 to 0.05 mmol/kg body weight of gadoxetate disodium was administered. Adverse events (AEs) up to 24 hours after injection were recorded and a one-year follow-up was conducted for all serious and unexpected AEs. Efficacy was defined based on the additional diagnostic information obtained from the combined (pre- and postcontrast) image sets as compared with the precontrast image sets by blinded reading. Results A total of 52 patients for safety and 51 patients for efficacy analyses were evaluated. Twenty-two patients (42.3%) reported a total of 51 serious AEs (SAEs) and one AE after one year. No SAE or AE was related to gadoxetate disodium injection. Gadoxetate disodium-related effects on vital signs were not seen. Additional diagnostic information was obtained for 86.3% of patients. The three most improved efficacy variables were lesion-to-background contrast, lesion characterization, and improved border delineation in 78.4%, 76.5%, and 70.6% of patients, respectively. Conclusion Gadoxetate disodium in pediatric patients did not raise any clinically significant safety concern. Contrast enhancement provided additional clinically relevant information.
Forward Scattering and Volterra Renormalization for Acoustic Wavefield Propagation in Vertically Varying Media
Authors: Yao Jie , Lesage Anne-Cécile , Hussain Fazle , Kouri Donald J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe extend the full wavefield modeling with forward scattering theory and Volterra Renormalization to a vertically varying two-parameter (velocity and density) acoustic medium. The forward scattering series, derived by applying Born-Neumann iterative procedure to the Lippmann-Schwinger equation (LSE), is a well known tool for modeling and imaging. However, it has limited convergence properties depending on the strength of contrast between the actual and reference medium or the angle of incidence of a plane wave component. Here, we introduce the Volterra renormalization technique to the LSE. The renormalized LSE and related Neumann series are absolutely convergent for any strength of perturbation and any incidence angle. The renormalized LSE can further be separated into two sub-Volterra type integral equations, which are then solved noniteratively. We apply the approach to velocity-only, density-only, and both velocity and density perturbations. We demonstrate that this Volterra Renormalization modeling is a promising and efficient method. In addition, it can also provide insight for developing a scattering theory-based direct inversion method.
An Improved Second-Order Finite-Volume Algorithm for Detached-Eddy Simulation Based on Hybrid Grids
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhang Laiping , He Xin , Deng Xiaogang 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA hybrid grid based second-order finite volume algorithm has been developed for Detached-Eddy Simulation (DES) of turbulent flows. To alleviate the effect caused by the numerical dissipation of the commonly used second order upwind schemes in implementing DES with unstructured computational fluid dynamics (CFD) algorithms, an improved second-order hybrid scheme is established through modifying the dissipation term of the standard Roe's flux-difference splitting scheme and the numerical dissipation of the scheme can be self-adapted according to the DES flow field information. By Fourier analysis, the dissipative and dispersive features of the new scheme are discussed. To validate the numerical method, DES formulations based on the two most popular background turbulence models, namely, the one equation Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model and the two equationk–ωShear Stress Transport model (SST), have been calibrated and tested with three typical numerical examples (decay of isotropic turbulence, NACA0021 airfoil at 60° incidence and 65° swept delta wing). Computational results indicate that the issue of numerical dissipation in implementing DES can be alleviated with the hybrid scheme, the resolution for turbulence structures is significantly improved and the corresponding solutions match the experimental data better. The results demonstrate the potentiality of the present DES solver for complex geometries.
In vitro Resistance Testing of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Tannerella forsythia to Triclosan
Authors: Farsi Deema J , Tanner Anne 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAimTo determine the sensitivity ofPorphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, andTannerella forsythiato triclosan, and determine if these bacteria develop resistance to triclosan upon prolonged exposure.Materials and methodsSusceptibility to triclosan was tested against three periodontal pathogensP. gingivalis, P. intermedia, andT. forsythia. Escherichia colistrains sensitive and resistant to triclosan were used as biological controls to confirm the efficacy of triclosan in the assays. Agar plates were prepared locally with vitamin K and hemin-supplemented medium.ResultsPorphyromonas gingivalisandP. intermediadid not grow on plates containing ≥2 μg/ml triclosan, whileT. forsythiadid not grow on ≥1.66 μg/ml. Colonies of P. intermedia resistant to triclosan developed after prolonged incubation at 2 μg/ml, but this resistance disappeared during subculture in the absence of triclosan.ConclusionNo significant resistance to triclosan was detected for these species.Clinical significanceDental products containing triclosan can be beneficial in controlling periodontal disease.How to cite this articleFarsi D, Tanner A.In vitroResistance Testing ofPorphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, andTannerella forsythiato Triclosan. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(4):282-285.
Tetracycline Sclerotherapy in the Management of Chyle Leak
Authors: Singh Madhumati , Vijayanand S , Amit B , Raman Ragesh , Narahari R 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Chyle leak following neck dissection is a rare but recognized complication with significant morbidity. The timing, indications and treatment modalities of chylous fistula remain controversial. Sclerotherapy using tetracycline is not a much acclaimed form of treatment in the management of chylous fistula. We report a case of postoperative chylous leak successfully managed by injection of tetracycline into the supraclavicular wound bed.

How to cite this article
Singh M, Vijayanand S, Amit B, Raman R, Narahari R. Tetracycline Sclerotherapy in the Management of Chyle Leak. J Health Sci Res 2015;6(1):14-16.
Edward Bellamy's Boston in 2000 from 1888 to 1897: The Evolution of Bellamy's Future Boston from Looking Backward Through Equality
Authors: Sargent Lyman Tower 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
This article reads Bellamy's Looking Backward against his other work in Equality and The Nationalist and The New Nation. My analysis will correct some of the widely identified flaws in Looking Backward, and reading what Bellamy and others commenting on Looking Backward wrote after Looking Backward tells us a lot about why Bellamy wrote Equality as he did.
Utopia and Utopian Studies in Australia
Authors: Milner Andrew , Burgmann Verity 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
There are no independently Australian translations of Thomas More's Utopia. Nor is there any equivalent in Australia to the Society for Utopian Studies in North America or the Utopian Studies Society in Europe. Nor are there any extant formal research groups or undergraduate or graduate courses in utopian studies. There are, however, distinctively Australian traditions of utopian writing, both eutopian and dystopian, and also a limited field of Australian utopian studies, essentially the work of individual scholars. This article attempts a brief description of both.
Utopian Studies in Brazil: Roots and Routes
Authors: Cavalcanti Ildney 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
This article aims to highlight some of the roots and routes, the beginnings and the potential futures, of a body of scholarly research actions that may be grouped under the umbrella expression “utopian studies in Brazil,” a promising field whose initial trends in the country can be traced—not by chance if one considers the prominence of the Anglo-American tradition in literary utopianism—in the departments of English studies of Brazilian university faculties. This does not mean, however, that there have been no Brazilian utopias/dystopias. Indeed, cultural manifestations of Brazilian utopianisms have played an essential role in Brazil's history, as will be shown. The article contains a very brief overview of cultural productions that may be aligned with literary utopianism, followed by some of the perceptions regarding utopia and utopianism, focusing specially on the concept as approached by individual scholars, study groups, and research centers that have developed studies in the field.
The French Translations of Thomas More's Utopia
Authors: Phélippeau Marie-Claire 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Thomas More's Utopia must have exercised a special hold on imaginations in France, as we count as many as four complete French translations in the two centuries following the first publication of the work in 1516. They are all translations of the original Latin text and most often that of 1518 (Basel edition) rather than the first 1516 Louvain version. The presence of paratext varies a lot from one translator to the next, mostly according to each translator's design. French translations of Utopia seem to have been more numerous at the time of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, when translators wished to vent their opinions against the regime and in favor of new political ideas, thereby warping More's text and producing fancy versions that suited them better. A return to greater accuracy and higher respect of the original finally became the norm in the second half of the twentieth century, when Utopia was no longer used for propaganda purposes or as a model to reform society but appreciated for its literary quality and the questioning of its author's intention.
More's Utopia in Poland: Translations and Impact—An Overview
Authors: Pisarska Katarzyna 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
The article traces the development of interest in Thomas More's Utopia in Polish literature and culture, as well as the influence of utopian ideas on the literary output of Polish authors from the sixteenth century to the present day. The reception of Utopia and its author, as well as the evolution of Polish utopianism, have been the subject of several scholarly studies; suffice it to mention the books and articles of Janusz Tazbir and Roman A. Tokarczyk. While drawing on similar issues in the first two sections, this article sets as its major objective an examination of the Polish translation of More's seminal work, its reprints, and the included critical material, analyzing the compositional and paratextual elements appearing in Polish editions of Utopia. The article also reviews the critical response that the translations and accompanying introductions elicited at the time, namely, the late 1940s and early 1950s, a period of increased persecution of the Roman Catholic Church and the spread of communist propaganda by the political regime in Poland.
The associations between animal-based welfare measures and the presence of indicators of food safety in finishing pigs
Authors: Alpigiani I , Bacci C , Keeling LJ , Salman MD , Brindani F , Pongolini S , Hitchens PL , Bonardi S 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStressful housing and management practices affect animals, potentially increasing their receptiveness to pathogens. Since some pathogens do not lead to clinical signs of sickness, subclinical pigs could enter the food-chain, contaminating carcases and offal at slaughter, representing a threat to human health. Here, we assess the feasibility of a new approach (using animal-based welfare outcomes) to investigate the association between the animal welfare status of finishing pigs on-farm and the occurrence of Yersinia enterocolitica and Salmonella enterica in slaughtered pigs in Northern Italy. Thirty batches of finishing pigs were assessed for animal-, resource- and management-based measures according to the Welfare Quality® protocol for pigs on-farm and at slaughter. A sample of five individuals per batch was tested for Y. enterocolitica and S. enterica in tonsils and in mesenteric lymph nodes, respectively, and gross pathological changes were recorded. Environmental faecal samples per batch on-farm were tested for the same pathogens. Univariable logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between batches of pigs that were positive to Y. enterocolitica and S. enterica and indicators of poor welfare. The animal-based measures of welfare, greater on-farm mortality and poor human-animal relationship, were found to be associated with Y. enterocolitica. This study provides a good indication of the validity of this approach, but there is a need for larger-scale studies in the future to confirm the magnitude of the associations between these animal welfare and food safety indicators.
Attitudes of students from south-east and east Asian countries to slaughter and transport of livestock
Authors: Ling RZ , Zulkifli I , Lampang PN , Nhiem DV , Wang Y , Phillips CJC 
Published: July 2016

AbstractAttitudes to animals have been extensively studied for people in developed countries, but not for those in developing countries. The attitudes of prospective stakeholders in the livestock sectors in south-east and east Asia toward transport and slaughter were examined by surveying university students studying veterinary medicine and animal science in Malaysia, Thailand, China and Vietnam, with a total of 739 students taking part. Students had greater acceptability of transport than slaughter issues for livestock, and female students found most transport and slaughter issues of greater concern than male students. Veterinary students were more accepting of several issues than animal science students, in particular killing animals that were injured or ill. Religion had a major effect on attitudes. Muslim students found using animals that died naturally for products least acceptable. Compared to them, Hindu students were less accepting of killing injured or ill animals and Buddhist students less accepting of euthanasing healthy pets. Students with more experience of pets were less accepting of both transport and slaughter issues. It is concluded that concern was exhibited by future stakeholders in the SE and E Asian livestock industries for slaughter and, to a lesser extent, transport issues, although attitudes were influenced by their religion, gender and experience of pet-keeping.