bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Laboratory predictors for risk of revision surgery in pediatric septic arthritis
Authors: Telleria Jessica J. M. , Cotter Rosemary A. , Bompadre Viviana , Steinman Suzanne E. 
Published: May 2016

Background Reported complications of pediatric septic arthritis range from minor growth abnormalities to potentially life-threatening conditions and death; some children require multiple surgeries for eradication of infection. The purpose of this study is: (1) to determine the failure rate of a single surgical incision and drainage (I&D) in pediatric septic arthritis, (2) to identify risk factors for failure which are detectable at the time of initial presentation, and (3) to trend post-operative C-reactive protein (CRP) values to see if there is a difference between children who fail a single I&D and those who do not. Methods The medical records for 105 children who underwent operative management of septic arthritis were retrospectively reviewed. Single and multivariate analyses were performed. Results Eighty-four children required one surgical intervention [mean age 5.18 years (±4.01); 38 females (45 %), 46 males (55 %)], 21 children required revision surgery [mean age 8.16 years (±4.54); 4 females (19 %), 17 males (81 %)], and the overall rate of revision surgery was 20 %. Delayed diagnosis ( p = 0.015), elevated CRP at presentation ( p = 0.000), positive blood culture ( p = 0.000), and age ( p = 0.009) were all associated with revision surgery in bivariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, CRP at presentation and positive blood culture were significant risk factors for revision surgery ( p = 0.005 and p = 0.025, respectively). Additionally, markedly elevated CRP levels on post-operative days (POD) 1–4 were each independently significant risk factors for requiring multiple surgeries (all p < 0.000). Fever, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and leukocyte count were not risk factors for multiple surgeries. Conclusions In this study, a positive blood culture or marked elevation in CRP at presentation or on POD 1–4 were associated with revision surgery. These findings may help improve surgical planning for both the initial surgery in order to avoid revisions, as well as revision surgery, should it be indicated. Level of evidence III.
Risk factors for avascular necrosis after closed reduction for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Schur Mathew D. , Lee Christopher , Arkader Alexandre , Catalano Anthony , Choi Paul D. 
Published: May 2016

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate risk factors of avascular necrosis (AVN) after closed treatment for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Methods A retrospective review of children diagnosed with DDH at a tertiary-care children's hospital between 1986 and 2009 was performed. The presence of AVN was assessed according to Salter's classification system. Results Eighty-two affected hips in 70 children with an average age of 10 months at closed reduction (range 1–31 months) and 5 years (range 2–19 years) of follow-up met the inclusion criteria. Twenty-nine (of 82, 35 %) affected hips developed AVN. The use of pre-reduction traction ( p = 0.019) increased the risk of AVN, while preoperative Pavlik harness or brace trial ( p = 0.28), presence of ossific nucleus at the time of closed reduction ( p = 0.16), and adductor tenotomy ( p = 0.37) were not significant factors. Laterality (right vs. left) was also not a significant risk factor ( p = 0.75), but patients who underwent closed reduction for bilateral DDH were less likely to develop AVN ( p = 0.027). Overall, the degree of abduction did not affect the rate of AVN ( p = 0.87). However, in patients treated with closed reduction younger than 6 months of age, the rate of AVN was increased with abduction ≥50° (9/15, 60 %) compared to abduction <50° (0/8, 0 %) ( p = 0.007). Patients who developed AVN were more likely to require subsequent surgery ( p = 0.034) and more likely to report a fair/poor clinical outcome ( p = 0.049). Conclusions The risk of AVN (35 %) following closed reduction and spica casting for DDH is high. The degree of abduction in spica casts appears to be a risk factor in patients ≤6 months old. The authors recommend that abduction in spica casts should be limited to <50° in children younger than 6 months of age. Level of evidence IV.
Effects of prenatal exposure to antipsychotic risperidone on developmental neurotoxicity, apoptotic neurodegeneration and neurobehavioral sequelae in rat offspring
Authors: Singh K.P. , Singh Manoj Kr. , Singh Manish 
Published: May 2016

AbstractA tremendous increase has been documented in the recent past in prescribing second generation atypical antipsychotic drugs (AAPDs) to the pregnant women with psychosis, considering their reproductive and teratogenic safety. Among AAPDs, risperidone (RIS) ranked third after olanzapine (OLZ) and quetiapine (QUE) used during pregnancy, as OLZ is associated to substantial weight gain in adults and offspring. Although teratogenic safety of RIS has been established, its potential role in developmental neurotoxicity and related neurobehavioral impairments in adolescents has not been documented so far. Therefore, present study has been undertaken to elucidate the effect of prenatal exposure to risperidone (RIS) on developmental neurotoxicity and apoptotic neurodegeneration in neocortical region of fetal brain; and related functional sequelae in young rat offspring. The pregnant Wistar rats were exposed to RIS at 0.8, 1.0 and 2.0 mg/kg, at equivalent therapeutic doses, orally from GD 6 to 21. Half of the pregnant rats were sacrificed and their brains were collected, weighed, and processed for neurohistopathological and apoptotic neurodegenerative evaluation. The remaining dams were allowed to deliver naturally, and their offspring were reared up to 10 weeks for neurobehavioral study. Prenatal exposure to RIS induced significant stunting of fetal body and brain weight, substantial reduction in the thickness of neocortical layers and apoptotic neurodegeneration in fetal brains, and delayed postnatal development and growth of the offspring; as well as long‐ lasting impact on anxiety like impaired behavioral responses on explorative mazes. Therefore, health care providers should be careful in prescribing atypical antipsychotics in general and RIS in particular, to the pregnant psychotic population.
Pre-melt-season sediment plume variability at Jökulsárlón, Iceland, a preliminary evaluation using in-situ spectroradiometry and satellite imagery
Authors: Hodgkins Richard , Bryant Robert , Darlington Eleanor , Brandon Mark 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTHigh-latitude atmospheric warming is impacting freshwater cycling, requiring techniques for monitoring the hydrology of sparsely-gauged regions. The submarine runoff of tidewater glaciers presents a particular challenge. We evaluate the utility of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imagery for monitoring turbid meltwater plume variability in the glacier lagoon Jökulsárlón, Iceland, for a short interval before the onset of the main melt season. Total Suspended Solids concentrations (TSS) of surface waters are related to remotely-sensed reflectance via empirical calibration between in-situ-sampled TSS and reflectance in a MODIS band 1-equivalent wavelength window. This study differs from previous ones in its application to an overturning tidewater glacier plume, rather than one derived from river runoff. The linear calibration improves on previous studies by facilitating a wider range of plume metrics than areal extent, notably pixel-by-pixel TSS values. Increasing values of minimum plume TSS over the study interval credibly represent rising overall turbidity in the lagoon as melting accumulates. Plume extent responds principally to consistently-strong offshore winds. Further work is required to determine the temporal persistence of the calibration, but remote plume observation holds promise for monitoring hydrological outputs from ungauged or ungaugeable systems.
A spectrum of jökulhlaup dynamics revealed by GPS measurements of glacier surface motion
Authors: Einarsson Bergur , Magnússon Eyjólfur , Roberts Matthew J. , Pálsson Finnur , Thorsteinsson Thorsteinn , Jóhannesson Tómas 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTGPS campaigns on glaciers during jökulhlaups show how subglacial floods affect glacier motion and shed light on the dynamics of such floods. Three such campaigns have been carried out on southern and western Vatnajökull, southeast Iceland, over known jökulhlaup paths. Two slowly rising jökulhlaups from Grímsvötn and two rapidly rising jökulhlaups from the western and eastern Skaftá cauldrons were captured in these campaigns, with maximum discharge ranging from 240 to 3300 m3 s−1. Glacier surface movements measured in these campaigns are presented along with the corresponding discharge curves. The measurements are interpreted as indicating: (1) initiation of rapidly rising jökulhlaups with a propagating subglacial pressure wave, (2) decreased glacier basal friction during jökulhlaups, (3) subglacial accumulation of water in slowly rising jökulhlaups and (4) lifting of the glacier caused by subglacial water pressure exceeding overburden in both rapidly and slowly rising jökulhlaups. The latter two observations are inconsistent with assumptions that are typically made in theoretical and numerical modelling of jökulhlaups. Both viscous and elastic deformation of the glacier as well as turbulent hydraulic fracture at the ice/bedrock interface are important in the dynamics of the subglacial pressure wave at the front of rapidly rising jökulhlaups.
MICROBES AND MARKETS: WAS THE BLACK DEATH AN ECONOMIC REVOLUTION?
Authors: Clark Gregory 
Published: May 2016

Abstract:Recent papers have suggested that the Industrial Revolution in Europe ultimately derives from the labor scarce economy of northwest Europe, which some trace back to the Black Death [Voigtländer and Voth (2013a) and Allen (2011)]. This paper examines the effects of the Black Death in England. Specifically, did it merely change relative factor prices, or did it lead to lasting gains in the efficiency of the economy after 1348? Extensive wage and price data from England 1210–1800 suggest that the population losses of the Black Death were associated with a surprising increase in economic efficiency, despite the decline in the scale of the economy. But this efficiency gain disappeared when population rose again in the 16th century. There is no sign of a connection between a labor scarce economy, and a switch to faster long run economic growth through technological advance.
Access to Care in the Wake of Hurricane Sandy, New Jersey, 2012
Authors: Davidow Amy L. , Thomas Pauline , Kim Soyeon , Passannante Marian , Tsai Stella , Tan Christina 
Published: May 2016

AbstractObjectiveEvacuation and damage following a widespread natural disaster may affect short-term access to medical care. We estimated medical care needs in New Jersey following Hurricane Sandy in 2012.MethodsHurricane Sandy-related questions regarding medical needs included in the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey were administered to survey respondents living in New Jersey when Sandy occurred.ResultsRecently arrived foreign-born residents were more likely than US-born residents to need medical care following Sandy. Others with greater medical needs included the uninsured and evacuees. Persons who evacuated or lived in areas that experienced the greatest hurricane impact were less likely to be able to fill a prescription. Only 15% of New Jerseyans were aware of the Emergency Pharmaceutical Assistance Program (EPAP), a federal program which allows prescription refills for the uninsured following a disaster. Recently arrived foreign-born residents and the uninsured were less frequently aware of EPAP: 8.7% and 10.9%.ConclusionsPopulations with impaired access to care in normal times—such as the recently arrived foreign-born and the uninsured—were also at risk of compromised access in the hurricane’s aftermath. Measures to address prescription refills during a disaster need better promotion among at-risk populations. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2016;10:485–491)
The Virtual Classroom and the Local Church
Authors: Hammond David 
Published: May 2016

In his important 2005 analysis of the Catholic Church in America, Peter Steinfels observed that
in some respects, the future of lay parish ministry is assured. Catholics are willing. The church needs them. The parish of 2025 will employ them. What remains to be determined is who will be drawn to these positions and how they will be trained, appointed, promoted, retained, and supported in their work and their personal spiritual growth. With sufficient neglect and discouragement, of course, their numbers could level off…, turnover could increase, those with greatest potential for leadership could be driven away, or polarization that has injured other aspects of lay parish ministry could settle in here, too.
How will they be trained? Traditional university programs, of course, will continue to do the job for a relatively small body of professionals. But many potential lay ministers are not in a position to go to the universities that offer graduate degree programs in theology or religious education. There are financial and geographic obstacles facing many who are “willing” and who might possess great “potential for leadership.” They live in remote parts of the country or are stationed in military bases around the world, and the cost of spending years on a campus with a graduate theology program is not financially realistic. The local churches need their involvement in ministry; some of these potential leaders are now being trained in online programs.
Safety of Automatic End Dates for Antimicrobial Orders to Facilitate Stewardship
Authors: Ross Rachael K. , Beus Jonathan M. , Metjian Talene A. , Localio A. Russell , Shelov Eric D. , Desai Bimal R. , O’Neill Sean P. , Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Gerber Jeffrey S. 
Published: May 2016

Following implementation of automatic end dates for antimicrobial orders to facilitate antimicrobial stewardship at a large, academic children’s hospital, no differences were observed in patient mortality, length of stay, or readmission rates, even among patients with documented bacteremia.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;37:974–978
Days of Therapy and Antimicrobial Days: Similarities and Differences Between Consumption Metrics
Authors: Rhodes Nathaniel J. , Wagner Jamie L. , Gilbert Elise M. , Crew Page E. , Davis Susan L. , Scheetz Marc H. 
Published: May 2016

Benchmarks for antimicrobial consumption measured in antimicrobial days are beginning to emerge. The relationship between the traditional measure of days of therapy and antimicrobial days is unclear. We observed a high intermethod correlation (R2=0.99): antimicrobial days were 1.9-fold lower than days of therapy across agents. Individual institutions should correlate these measures.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:971–973
The process of industry exit in the Japanese context: Evidence from the flat panel display industry
Authors: Lehmberg Derek 
Published: May 2016

AbstractThis research studies industry exit in the Japanese context, by examining the process followed five Japanese flat panel display manufacturers as they de-committed to and later exited from the industry. The five cases examine firms with systematically different exit barriers due to the presence or absence of strategic centrality and vertical integration in each firm. With one exception, all the firms followed multi-staged exit processes involving cooperative arrangements with other industry participants. Firms with middle to high levels of commitment and exit barriers went through more steps in the process than those with the lowest levels of commitment. The effect of top management succession and long-term employment upon the exit process are considered, and the role of cooperative arrangements in reducing exit barriers are discussed.
Impact of long-term use of oral nutritional supplement on nutritional adequacy, dietary diversity, food intake and growth of Filipino preschool children
Authors: Huynh Dieu T. T. , Estorninos Elvira , Capeding Maria Rosario , Oliver Jeffery S. , Low Yen Ling , Rosales Francisco J. 
Published: May 2016

AbstractNutrient deficiencies during childhood have adverse effects on child growth and health. In a single-arm 48-week long-term intervention, we previously reported the efficacy of oral nutritional supplementation (ONS) and dietary counselling on catch-up growth and growth maintenance in nutritionally at-risk Filipino children. The present analysis was done to assess the contributing effects of ONS to nutritional adequacy, dietary diversity, food intake and longitudinal growth. ONS (450 ml) was consumed daily providing 450 kcal (1880 kJ) and at least 50 % of micronutrient requirements among 200 children aged 3–4 years with weight-for-height percentiles between 5th and 25th (WHO Growth Standards). Weight, height and dietary intakes using 24-h food recalls were measured at baseline, and at weeks 4, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 and 48. Nutrient adequacy and dietary diversity score (DDS) were calculated. Generalised estimating equations were used to assess the effects of total nutrient intakes, DDS, ONS compliance and sociodemographic factors on longitudinal growth. The percentages of children with adequate intake of energy, protein, Fe, Ca and some vitamins at each post-baseline visit were improved from baseline, reaching 100 % for most nutrients. DDS was also increased from baseline and reached significance from week 16 onwards (P < 0·01). Male children, total energy intake and parental employment status were associated with weight-for-height percentile gain (P < 0·05), whereas higher parental education level and ONS compliance were significantly associated with height-for-age percentile gain over time (P < 0·05). Long-term ONS intervention did not interfere with normal food intake and helped promote nutritional adequacy and growth of Filipino children.
A case study of extant and extinct Xenarthra cranium covariance structure: implications and applications to paleontology
Authors: Hubbe Alex , Melo Diogo , Marroig Gabriel 
Published: May 2016

AbstractMost of the mammalian diversity is known only from fossils, and only a few of these fossils are well preserved or abundant. This undersampling poses serious problems for understanding mammalian phenotypic evolution under a quantitative genetics framework, since this framework requires estimation of a group’s additive genetic variance–covariance matrix (Gmatrix), which is impossible, and estimating a phenotypic variance–covariance matrix (Pmatrix) requires larger sample sizes than what is often available for extinct species. One alternative is to useGorPmatrices from extant taxa as surrogates for the extinct ones. Although there are reasons to believe this approach is usually safe, it has not been fully explored. By thoroughly determining the extant and some extinct Xenarthra (Mammalia) craniumPmatrices, this study aims to explore the feasibility of using extantGorPmatrices as surrogates for the extinct ones and to provide guidelines regarding the reliability of this strategy and the necessary sample sizes. Variance–covariance and correlationPmatrices for 35 cranium traits from 16 xenarthran genera (12 extant and 4 extinct) were estimated and compared between genera. Results show xenarthranP-matrix structures are usually very similar if sample sizes are reasonable. This study and others developed with extant therian mammals suggest, in general, that using extantGorPmatrices as an approximation to extinct ones is a valid approach. Nevertheless, the accuracy of this approach depends on sample size, selected traits, and the type of matrix being considered.
The pursuit of pleasurable women in the war-ridden city of Butembo, eastern DR Congo
Authors: Geenen Kristien 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, I map out spaces of social encounters and elaborate upon the once openly exposed but now hidden nightlife of Butembo, in eastern Congo. I explore what moves the people of Butembo, where they go to have fun, and what ‘fun’ means in a war-torn place. The main focus lies on the city's countlesscabarets, as these seemed the places where people mostly met. Acabaretis a private dwelling where a single woman offers home-brewed alcohol and sexual services alike. Usually, acabaretbears no signage at all, so from the outside, it is hard to discern from an ordinary house. Yet, their sheer invisibility stands in sharp contrast to their major importance. As I proceed through the article, it becomes clear that these obscurecabaretsare spaces of sociability with an undeniable importance that contribute to the functioning of the city in many respects.
Everything changes to remain the same? State and tax reform in South Sudan
Authors: Twijnstra Rens , Titeca Kristof 
Published: May 2016

ABSTRACTSouth Sudan is in a unique combination of (post)-conflict reconstruction and the birth of a new state in which old policies are re-activated and new policies introduced. By looking at three case-studies of taxation and private sector regulation reforms, the paper will show how the overlapping and often contradictory regulatory frameworks of the state provide the setting for bricolage strategies by different actors. These actors, and particularly state officials, rely on a variety of institutional resources to implement, resist or remake certain regulatory measures. Although the breadth of regulatory measures has increased exponentially, the institutional corridor – the space in which bricolage is performed and on which various actors can rely – remains narrow. This space is contingent on wartime authority structures, and more particularly pre-existing Sudan's People Liberation Army/Movement (SPLA/M) power structures, as well as a deep-rooted resistance to centralised control. Importantly, these regulatory practices are not fixed: intense periods of rearrangement of the social order or ‘open moments’ may provide a window of opportunity for regulatory reform.
Post-conflict women's movements in turmoil: the challenges of success in Liberia in the 2005-aftermath
Authors: Debusscher Petra , Martin de Almagro Maria 
Published: May 2016

AbstractIn Liberia, women's advocacy has been crucial in bringing peace after 14 years of conflict as well as in electing Africa's first female president. While the accomplishments of the women's movement have been widely praised, some authors have suggested that the once vibrant movement is crumbling. In this article we claim that one of the most important challenges for the Liberian women's movement comes precisely from its internationally proclaimed success, provoking four related outcomes: First, different women's organisations compete for the credit of the success story; second, the national government has tried to appropriate the movement and integrate it into governmental structures; third, the relationship between the movement and its international partners has evolved towards mutual disappointment due to a lack of sustainable funding and unmet expectations; and fourth, the movement seems stuck in the peacemaker label and unable to redefine itself to engage in new battles as international aid diminishes.