bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Racial disparities in the survival of American children, adolescents, and young adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, and Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Kahn Justine M. , Keegan Theresa H.M. , Tao Li , Abrahão Renata , Bleyer Archie , Viny Aaron D. 
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUNDRace‐based survival in children and adolescents with hematologic malignancies has been a national challenge for decades. Large‐scale investigations of age‐ and race‐based survival trends over time in these patients have not previously been reported. The objective of this study was to investigate whether race‐ and age‐related differences in pediatric and adolescent and young adult (AYA) leukemia and lymphoma survival persist and to what extent these differences have changed over time.METHODSUsing the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program, this study investigated the outcomes of black and white (1975‐2012; n = 27,369) and white and Hispanic (1992‐2012; n = 20,574) children (0‐14 years old) and AYAs (15‐39 years old) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Estimates of 5‐ and 10‐year relative survival were compared over time.RESULTSTrends showed a convergence of survival for white and black children with ALL but a divergence in survival for AYA patients. Hispanic children and AYAs both suffered inferior outcomes. Trends for AML revealed persistent survival differences between black and white children and suggested worsening disparities for AYAs. Survival trends in HL revealed sustained survival differences between black and white AYA patients, whereas no differences were found in Hispanic and white patient outcomes for AML or HL.CONCLUSIONSAlthough survival for children and AYAs with ALL, AML, and HL has improved over the past 4 decades, differences persist between black, white, and Hispanic children and AYAs; survival disparities between black and white children with ALL have been nearly eliminated. Strategies aimed at identifying causality and reducing disparities are warranted. Cancer 2016. © 2016 American Cancer Society. Cancer 2016;122:2723–2730. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Profiling of Transcription Factor Binding Events by Chromatin Immunoprecipitation Sequencing (ChIP‐seq)
Authors: Song Liang , Koga Yusuke , Ecker Joseph R. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractIn multi‐cellular organisms, gene expression is orchestrated by thousands of transcription factors (TF). Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP‐seq) is a robust tool to investigate gene expression because this technique profiles in vivo protein‐DNA interaction at a genome‐wide scale. Eight years after the first ChIP‐seq paper, there are limited reports of ChIP‐seq experiments in plants, especially for sequence‐specific DNA binding TFs. This lag greatly prevents our understanding of transcriptional regulation in an entire kingdom. In order to bridge the technical gap, we describe a ChIP‐seq procedure that we have successfully applied to dozens of sequence‐specific DNA binding TFs. The basic protocol includes procedures to isolate nuclei, sonicate chromatin, immunoprecipitate TF‐DNA complex, and recover ChIP‐enriched DNA fragments. The support protocol also describes practices to optimize library preparation by a gel‐free DNA size selection. Lastly, examples are given to optimize library amplification using real‐time PCR. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Rice (Oryza sativa) Protoplast Isolation and Its Application for Transient Expression Analysis
Authors: He Feng , Chen Songbiao , Ning Yuese , Wang Guo‐Liang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRice (Oryza sativa) is not only the staple food for half of the world's population but also a model monocot plant for molecular biology studies. Although rice genes have been extensively investigated in the last two decades, the functions of many genes in the rice genome are still not known. One of the rapid and efficient approaches for determining gene function in vivo is protoplast‐based transient expression analysis. We established a rice protoplast system about 10 years ago, which has been recently used in many laboratories. This protocol is useful for protein expression, subcellular localization, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co‐immunoprecipitation assays. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis and Quantification of Glucosinolates
Authors: Crocoll Christoph , Halkier Barbara Ann , Burow Meike 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRecent advances in liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry have made it possible to increase the throughput of phytochemical analyses at high sensitivity. These improvements have made it more feasible to monitor metabolic processes at the metabolite level. Glucosinolates, the primary defense compounds in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, in particular, have gained increasing attention as model compounds for quantitative genetics and metabolic regulation. Depending on the plant species, tissue, glucosinolate content, complexity of the glucosinolate profile, and, most importantly, the overall purpose of the experiment, different choices need to be made regarding the methods of extraction and analysis. In this chapter, we describe different approaches for the analysis of glucosinolates and highlight advantages, disadvantages, and technical pitfalls. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan vs. enalapril at lower than target doses in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the PARADIGM‐HF trial
Authors: Vardeny Orly , Claggett Brian , Packer Milton , Zile Michael R. , Rouleau Jean , Swedberg Karl , Teerlink John R. , Desai Akshay S. , Lefkowitz Martin , Shi Victor , McMurray John J.V. , Solomon Scott D. ,   for the Prospective Comparison of ARNI with ACEI to Determine Impact on Global Mortality and Morbidity in Heart Failure (PARADIGM‐HF) Investigators
Published: June 2016

AbstractAimsIn this analysis, we utilized data from PARADIGM‐HF to test the hypothesis that participants who exhibited any dose reduction during the trial would have similar benefits from lower doses of sacubitril/valsartan relative to lower doses of enalapril.Methods and resultsIn a post‐hoc analysis from PARADIGM‐HF, we characterized patients by whether they received the maximal dose (200 mg sacubitril/valsartan or 10 mg enalapril twice daily) throughout the trial or had any dose reduction to lower doses (100/50/0 mg sacubitril/valsartan or 5/2.5/0 mg enalapril twice daily). The treatment effect for the primary outcome was estimated, stratified by dose level using time‐updated Cox regression models. In the two treatment arms, participants with a dose reduction (43% of those randomized to enalapril and 42% of those randomized to sacubitril/valsartan) had similar baseline characteristics and similar baseline predictors of the need for dose reduction. In a time‐updated analysis, any dose reduction was associated with a higher subsequent risk of the primary event [hazard ratio (HR) 2.5, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.2–2.7]. However, the treatment benefit of sacubitril/valsartan over enalapril following a dose reduction was similar (HR 0.80, 95% CI 0.70–0.93, P < 0.001) to that observed in patients who had not experienced any dose reduction (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.88, P < 0.001).ConclusionsIn PARADIGM‐HF, study medication dose reduction identified patients at higher risk of a major cardiovascular event. The magnitude of benefit for patients on lower doses of sacubitril/valsartan relative to those on lower doses of enalapril was similar to that of patients who remained on target doses of both drugs.
Scorpionate Hydrotris(indazolyl)borate Ligands as Tripodal Platforms for Surface‐Mounted Molecular Gears and Motors
Authors: Kammerer Claire , Rapenne Gwénaël 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the group of Gwénaël Rapenne and Claire Kammerer from CEMES‐CNRS at University Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France. The cover image shows the use of scorpionates to anchor nanomachines on metal surfaces for mechanical applications such as unidirectional rotation (for motors) or power transmission (for gears).
Validation of the S‐CLSVOF method with the density‐scaled balanced continuum surface force model in multiphase systems coupled with thermocapillary flows
Authors: Yamamoto Takuya , Okano Yasunori , Dost Sadik 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThree numerical methods, namely, volume of fluid (VOF), simple coupled volume of fluid with level set (S‐CLSVOF), and S‐CLSVOF with the density‐scaled balanced continuum surface force (CSF) model, have been incorporated into OpenFOAM source code and were validated for their accuracy for three cases: (i) an isothermal static case, (ii) isothermal dynamic cases, and (iii) non‐isothermal dynamic cases with thermocapillary flow including dynamic interface deformation. Results have shown that the S‐CLSVOF method gives accurate results in the test cases with mild computation conditions, and the S‐CLSVOF technique with the density‐scaled balanced CSF model leads to accurate results in the cases of large interface deformations and large density and viscosity ratios. These show that these high accuracy methods would be appropriate to obtain accurate predictions in multiphase flow systems with thermocapillary flows. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Immunological biomarkers associated with brain structure and executive function in late‐life depression: exploratory pilot study
Authors: Smagula Stephen F. , Lotrich Francis E. , Aizenstein Howard J. , Diniz Breno S. , Krystek Jeffrey , Wu Gregory F. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Butters Meryl A. , Reynolds Charles F. , Lenze Eric J. 
Published: June 2016

ObjectiveSeveral immunological biomarkers are altered in late‐life major depressive disorder (LLD). Immunological alterations could contribute to LLD's consequences, but little is known about the relations between specific immunological biomarkers and brain health in LLD. We performed an exploratory pilot study to identify, from several candidates, the specific immunological biomarkers related to important aspects of brain health that are altered in LLD (brain structure and executive function).MethodsAdults (n = 31) were at least 60 years old and had major depressive disorder. A multiplex immunoassay assessed 13 immunological biomarkers, and we examined their associations with structural MRI (grey matter volume and white matter hyperintensity volume (WMH)) and executive function (Color–Word Interference and Trail‐Making tests) measures.ResultsVascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the chemokine eotaxin had significant negative associations with grey matter volume (VEGF: n = 31, r = −0.65; eotaxin: n = 29, r = −0.44). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐α) had a significant positive relationship with WMHs (n = 30, r = 0.52); interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1α (MIP‐1α) were also significantly associated with WMHs (IFN‐γ: n = 31, r = 0.48; MIP‐1α: n = 29, r = 0.45). Only eotaxin was associated with executive function (set‐shifting performance as measured with the Trail‐making test: n = 33, r = −0.43).ConclusionsImmunological markers are associated with brain structure in LLD. We found the immunological correlates of grey and white matter differ. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate whether these immunological correlates of brain health increase the risk of LLD's consequences. Eotaxin, which correlated with both grey matter volume and set‐shifting performance, may be particularly relevant to neurodegeneration and cognition in LLD. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FCGR3A/2A polymorphisms and diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma outcome treated with immunochemotherapy: a meta‐analysis on 1134 patients from two prospective cohorts
Authors: Ghesquières Hervé , Larrabee Beth R. , Haioun Corinne , Link Brian K. , Verney Aurélie , Slager Susan L. , Ketterer Nicolas , Ansell Stephen M. , Delarue Richard , Maurer Matthew J. , Fitoussi Olivier , Habermann Thomas M. , Peyrade Fréderic , Dogan Ahmet , Molina Thierry J. , Novak Anne J. , Tilly Hervé , Cerhan James R. , Salles Gilles 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FCγ‐receptor genes FCGR3A (rs396991) and FCGR2A (rs1801274) influence the affinity of the Fc portion of anti‐CD20 immunoglobulin G1 monoclonal antibody. Their roles in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) treated with rituximab in combination with anthracycline‐based chemotherapy remain controversial. To address this question, we genotyped FCGR2A and FCGR3A SNPs in two prospective DLBCL cohorts from Lymphoma Study Association trials (N = 554) and Iowa/Mayo Specialized Program Of Research Excellence (N = 580). Correlations with treatment response and hematological toxicity were assessed in Lymphoma Study Association. Correlation with event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) was performed in both cohorts, followed by a meta‐analysis to increase power. Our study shows the absence of correlation between these SNPs and treatment response. Grades 3 and 4 febrile neutropenia during treatment was more frequently observed in FCGR3A VV (39%) than VF (29%) and FF (32%) carriers (p = 0.04). Our analysis for EFS and OS shows that FCGR3A was not associated with outcome. In a meta‐analysis using an ordinal model, FCGR2A (per R allele) was associated with a better EFS (hazard ratio = 0.87; 95%CI, 0.76–0.99; p = 0.04) and OS (hazard ratio = 0.86; 95%CI, 0.73–1.00; p = 0.05) which was not altered after adjustment for the International Prognostic Index. Overall, our data demonstrate that patients with DLBCL with the low‐affinity FCγRIIA RR had an unexpectedly better outcome than FCγRIIA H carriers. Whether rituximab efficacy is improved in FCγRIIA RR patients due a clearance reduction or other functions of FCγRIIA in DLBCL should be investigated (clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT00135499, NTC00135499 NCT00140595, NCT00144807, NCT00144755, NCT01087424, and NCT00301821). Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SERUM metabolomics of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute myeloid leukaemia for probing biomarker molecules
Authors: Musharraf Syed Ghulam , Siddiqui Amna Jabbar , Shamsi Tahir , Naz Arshi 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAcute leukaemia (AL) is a critical neoplasm of white blood cells. Diagnosing AL requires bone marrow puncture procedure, which many patients do not consent to for it is invasive. Hence sensitive and specific early diagnostic biomarkers are essential for non‐invasive diagnosis, new therapeutics and improving the disease prognosis. To differentiate the metabolic alterations associated with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we investigated serum of ALL and AML patients in comparison with two controls using gas chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry and multivariate statistical analysis. Twenty seven out of 1425 metabolites were found differentiative among ALL, AML, aplastic anaemia (APA) patients and healthy control using p‐value ≤ 0.001. ALL is the most dissimilar group from other three groups as in hierarchical clustering showed 72.1% dissimilarity. Model generation using PLSDA gave an overall accuracy of 91.9%. This study helps in metabolic fingerprinting of control and disease serum at high significance levels and could be used for early diagnosing of AL. Based on pathways analysis, fatty acid metabolism is deregulated in patients with AL and may represent an underlying metabolic pathway associated with disease progression. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving performance of long‐term care networks at their initial stage: an empirical study of factors affecting results
Authors: Angiola Nunzio , Bianchi Piervito 
Published: June 2016

SummaryUntil now very little research has been carried out on the performance of health and human services networks in evolution. In particular, previous studies mainly referred to “centrally governed services networks” in the US context. According to Provan and Kenis (2008), these networks are “lead organization‐governed”, and are different from the “participant‐governed” model or the “network administrative organization (NAO)” solution. We focused our attention on the Apulia region care services networks (Italy). In the last few years, the governance of these networks has passed from the “participant‐governed” model to the NAO approach. We examined how the integration mechanisms work in this type of networks, and if there were challenges to tackle in order to improve their overall performance. These networks were examined at their initial stage, exactly when their governance model moved to a more integrated solution. We collected survey data from 17 health and human services networks out of 45 (38%). The research is carried out by means of statistical methods (OLS). The analysis is cross sectional. The implementation of “rational/technocratic” factors is important but not sufficient to enhance collaboration. The integration at the “professional level” should be kept in mind. In particular, the role of network (case) managers is paramount. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is Perceived Creativity‐Reward Contingency Good for Creativity? The Role of Challenge and Threat Appraisals
Authors: Li Fuli , Deng Hong , Leung Kwok , Zhao Yang 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTo address the complex effect of perceived reward for creativity on creative performance, we examined the role of cognitive appraisal as an individual difference variable. An individual's appraisal of reward for creativity, including challenge appraisal (perceived potential for recognition, growth, or mastery) and threat appraisal (perceived potential for revealing incompetence and damaging self‐respect), is hypothesized to shape the effects of perceived reward for creativity. We further expect creativity‐related intrinsic motivation to play a mediating role in the perceived reward‐creativity relationship. The results of a three‐wave field study showed that when challenge appraisal was high, perceived reward was positively related to creative performance through creativity‐related intrinsic motivation, whereas when threat appraisal was high, perceived reward was negatively related to creative performance through creativity‐related intrinsic motivation. A similar analysis showed that intrinsic task motivation was not able to channel the moderating effect of perceived reward and individual appraisal on creative performance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparative oral dose toxicokinetics of sodium selenite and selenomethionine
Authors: Davis T. Zane , Tiwary Asheesh K. , Stegelmeier Bryan L. , Pfister James A. , Panter Kip E. , Hall Jeffery O. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSelenium (Se) poisoning by different forms of Se occurs in the United States. However, the toxicokinetics of different selenocompounds after oral ingestion is not well documented. In this study the toxicokinetics of Se absorption, distribution and elimination were determined in serum and whole blood of lambs that were orally dosed with increasing doses of Se as sodium selenite (inorganic Se) or selenomethionine (SeMet, organic Se). Thirty‐two lambs were randomly assigned to eight treatment groups, with four animals per group. Se was administered at 1, 2 or 3 mg kg−1body weight, as either sodium selenite or SeMet with proper control groups. Blood and serum were collected at predetermined time points for 7 days post‐dosing. Resulting Se concentrations in both serum and whole blood from SeMet treatment groups were significantly greater than those given equimolar doses of Se as sodium selenite. Se concentrations in serum and whole blood of lambs dosed with SeMet peaked at significantly greater concentrations when compared with lambs dosed with equimolar doses of sodium selenite. Based on the serum and whole blood kinetics, the rate of Se absorption was greater for SeMet than for sodium selenite although rates of absorption for both Se forms decreased with increasing dose. The rates of Se elimination increased with dose. These results demonstrate that SeMet has a greater absorption rate and a similar retention time resulting in a greater area under the curve and thus bioavailability than sodium selenite, which must be considered in both overdose and nutritional exposures. Published 2016. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
The role of small prey in human subsistence strategies from Early Upper Palaeolithic sites in Iberia: the rabbits from the Evolved Aurignacian level of Arbreda Cave
Authors: Lloveras Lluís , Maroto Julià , Soler Joaquim , Thomas Richard , Moreno‐García Marta , Nadal Jordi , Soler Narcís 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTIn the western Mediterranean, changes in hunter‐gatherer subsistence strategies have been identified from the Early Upper Palaeolithic. These changes are characterized by broadening of diet and intensification of small prey exploitation. In the Iberian Peninsula region, intensified small prey exploitation is evidenced by the hunting of large quantities of European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which are usually a ubiquitous feature of faunal assemblages from archaeological sites. Before interpretations of the significance of such assemblages can proceed, however, it is necessary to confirm their anthropic origin, as a wide range of predators are agents of accumulation. The taphonomic signatures observed for predators are here applied to the analysis of leporid (rabbits and hares) remains from the Evolved Aurignacian layer of Arbreda Cave (north‐east Iberia). The aims of this work are two‐fold: (i) to identify the agent/s of accumulation; and (ii) to assess possible changes in small prey use during the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic transition. Our results suggest that rabbit assemblages were probably hunted and consumed by humans and that rabbits became a primary resource in hunter‐gatherer diet from the Early Upper Palaeolithic.
Identification of robust microsatellite markers for wild pig fecal DNA
Authors: Kierepka Elizabeth M. , Unger Shem D. , Keiter David A. , Beasley James C. , Rhodes Olin E. , Cunningham Fred L. , Piaggio Antoinette J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTCollection of fecal samples for use in a genetic capture‐mark‐recapture framework has become popular as a noninvasive method of monitoring wildlife populations. A major caveat to this process, however, is that fecal samples often yield low quality DNA that is prone to genotyping errors, potentially leading to biases in population parameter estimation. Therefore, considerable care is required to identify robust genetic markers, especially in hot or humid conditions that may accelerate DNA degradation. We identified microsatellite loci in wild pig (Sus scrofa) fecal samples that were robust and informative within warm, humid ecosystems. To examine how degradation affected genotyping success, we sampled pig feces across 5 days and calculated how the number of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) cycles required to reach the fluorescent threshold (Ct) changed over time. We identified 17 microsatellite loci that had high polymorphism and amplification success and low genotyping error rates (0–0.050 per locus). In the degradation experiment, Ct increased over the 5 days, but in the absence of rain, the majority of samples produced accurate genotypes after 5 days (2,211/2,550 genotypes). Based on the high amplification success and low error rates, even after 5 days of exposure to warm, humid conditions, these loci are useful for estimating population parameters in pig fecal samples. © 2016 The Wildlife Society.