bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MOLECULAR CORRELATE OF MOUSE EXECUTIVE FUNCTION. TOP-DOWN AND BOTTOM-UP COMPLEMENTATIONS BY PRESYNAPTIC VERTEBRATE BRAIN-SPECIFIC Ntng GENE PARALOGS
Authors: Prosselkov Pavel , Zhang Qi , Goto Hiromichi , Polygalov Denis , McHugh Thomas J. , Itohara Shigeyoshi 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTExecutive function (EF) is a regulatory construct of learning and general cognitive abilities. Genetic variations underlying the architecture of cognitive phenotypes are likely to affect EF and associated behaviors. Mice lacking one ofNtnggene paralogs, encoding the vertebrate brain-specific presynaptic Netrin-G proteins, exhibit prominent deficits in the EF control. Brain areas responsible for gating the bottom-up and top-down information flows differentially expressNtng1andNtng2, distinguishing neuronal circuits involved in perception and cognition. As a result, high and low cognitive demand tasks (HCD and LCD, respectively) modulateNtng1andNtng2associations either with attention and impulsivity (AI) or working memory (WM), in a complementary manner. During the LCDNtng2supported neuronal gating of AI and WM dominates over theNtng1-associated circuits. This is reversed during the HCD, when the EF requires a larger contribution of cognitive control, supported byNtng1, over theNtng2pathways. Since humanNTNGorthologs have been reported to affect human IQ (1), and an array of neurological disorders (2), we believe that mouseNtnggene paralogs serve an analogous role but influencing brain executive functioning.
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ST313 responsible for gastroenteritis in the UK are genetically distinct from isolates causing bloodstream infections in Africa
Authors: Ashton Philip M. , Owen Sian V. , Kaindama Lukeki , Rowe Will P. M. , Lane Chris , Larkin Lesley , Nair Satheesh , Jenkins Claire , de Pinna Elizabeth , Feasey Nicholas , Hinton Jay C. D. , Dallman Tim 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe ST313 sequence type of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium causes invasive non-typhoidal salmonellosis amongst immunocompromised people in sub-Saharan Africa (sSA). Previously, two distinct phylogenetic lineages of ST313 have been described which have rarely been found outside sSA. Following the introduction of routine whole genome sequencing of Salmonella enterica by Public Health England in 2014, we have discovered that 2.7% (79/2888) of S. Typhimurium from patients in England and Wales are ST313. Of these isolates, 59/72 originated from stool and 13/72 were from extra-intestinal sites. The isolation of ST313 from extra-intestinal sites was significantly associated with travel to Africa (OR 12 [95% CI: 3,53]). Phylogenetic analysis revealed previously unsampled diversity of ST313, and distinguished UK-linked isolates causing gastroenteritis from African-associated isolates causing invasive disease. Bayesian evolutionary investigation suggested that the two African lineages diverged from their most recent common ancestors independently, circa 1796 and 1903. The majority of genome degradation of African ST313 lineage 2 is conserved in the UK ST313 lineages and only 10/44 pseudogenes were lineage 2-specific. The African lineages carried a characteristic prophage and antibiotic resistance gene repertoire, suggesting a strong selection pressure for these horizontally-acquired genetic elements in the sSA setting. We identified an ST313 isolate associated with travel to Kenya that carried a chromosomally-located blaCTX-M-15, demonstrating the continual evolution of this sequence type in Africa in response to selection pressure exerted by antibiotic usage.The S. Typhimurium ST313 sequence type has been primarily associated with invasive disease in Africa. Here, we highlight the power of routine whole-genome-sequencing by public health agencies to make epidemiologically-significant deductions that would be missed by conventional microbiological methods. The discovery of ST313 isolates responsible for gastroenteritis in the UK reveals new diversity in this important sequence type. We speculate that the niche specialization of sub-Saharan African ST313 lineages is driven in part by the acquisition of accessory genome elements.
Zfp423, a Joubert syndrome gene, is a domain-specific regulator of cell cycle progression, DNA damage response and Purkinje cell development in the cerebellar primordium
Authors: Casonil Filippo , Crocil Laura , Bosonel Camilla , D’Ambrosio Roberta , Badaloni Aurora , Gaudesi Davide , Barilil Valeria , Sarna Justyna R. , Tessarollo Lino , Cremona Ottavio , Hawkes Richard , Warming Søren , Consalez G. Giacomo 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTNeurogenesis is a tightly regulated process whose success depends on the ability to balance the expansion/maintenance of an undifferentiated neural progenitor pool with the precisely timed birth of sequential generations of neurons. TheZfp423gene encodes a 30-Zn-finger transcription factor (TF) that acts as a scaffold in the assembly of complex transcriptional and cellular machineries regulating neural development. While null mutants forZfp423feature a severe cerebellar hypoplasia, the underlying mechanism is only partially characterized. Mutations of the human orthologZNF423have been identified in patients carrying cerebellar vermis hypoplasia (CVH) or Joubert Syndrome (JS), associated with other signs of classical ciliopathy outside the central nervous system (CNS). ZNF423 also plays a role in the DNA damage response (DDR). To further characterize the role of ZFP423 in cerebellar neurogenesis, with a focus on Purkinje cells (PC) development, we analyzed two previously undescribed mutant mouse lines carrying allelic in-frame deletions of the corresponding gene, selectively affecting two functionally characterized protein-protein interaction domains, affecting zinc (Zn) fingers 9-20 or 28-30. Some phenotypic defects are allele specific:Zfp423Δ9-20/Δ9-20mutants exhibit a depletion of the OLIG2+ PC progenitor pool in the cerebellar ventricular zone (VZ). In these mutants, M-phase progenitors display changes in spindle orientation indicative of a precocious switch from symmetric to asymmetric cell division. Conversely, theZfp423Δ28-30/Δ28-30primordium displays a sharp decrease in the expression of PC differentiation markers, including CORL2, despite an abundance of cycling PC progenitors. Moreover, and importantly, in both mutants VZ progenitor cell cycle progression is remarkably affected, and factors involved in the DDR are substantially upregulated in the VZ and in postmitotic precursors alike. Our in vivo evidence sheds light on the domain-specific roles played by ZFP423 in different aspects of PC progenitor development, and at the same time supports the emerging notion that an impaired DNA damage response may be a key factor in the pathogenesis of JS and other ciliopathies.
Hellbender Salamanders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) Exhibit an Ontogenetic Shift in Microhabitat Use in a Blue Ridge Physiographic Region Stream
Authors: Hecht K. A. , Freake M. J. , Nickerson M. A. , Colclough P. 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTOrganisms that experience large changes in body size during the life span often exhibit differences in resource use among life stages. Ontogenetic shifts in habitat use reduce intraspecific competition and predation and are common in lotic organisms. Although information on the immature life stages of the Hellbender (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis) is limited, this aquatic salamander exhibits ontogenetic shifts in habitat use in some streams, with adults sheltering under large rocks and larvae utilizing interstitial spaces of gravel beds. Due to the geomorphology of Little River, Tennessee, however, limited interstitial spaces within the gravel are filled with sand. Therefore, we quantified microhabitat parameters for three life stages of Hellbenders (larvae, sub-adult, adult) to determine if an ontogenetic shift in microhabitat occurred in Little River. We found no significant differences in stream substrate at capture sites among the stages, but there was a positive correlation between rock shelters underlain with very coarse gravel and overall Hellbender occupancy. Although we found no difference in water quality parameters and streambed particle size among the stage classes at the sites of capture, there was a significant difference in the average shelter size among all stages, with larvae utilizing the smallest shelters. Based on these results, future Hellbender research and conservation efforts should consider differences in life stage habitat use as well as specific stream particle classes.
Direct modulation of aberrant brain network connectivity through real-time NeuroFeedback
Authors: Ramot Michal , Kimmich Sara , Gonzalez-Castillo Javier , Roopchansingh Vinai , Popal Haroon , White Emily , Gotts Stephen J. , Martin Alex 
Published: May 2017

ABSTRACTThe existence of abnormal connectivity patterns between resting state networks in neuropsychiatric disorders, including Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), has been well established. Traditional treatment methods in ASD are limited, and do not address the aberrant network structure. Using real-time fMRI neurofeedback, we directly trained 3 brain nodes in participants with ASD, in which the aberrant connectivity has been shown to correlate with symptom severity. 17 ASD participants and 10 control participants were scanned over multiple sessions (123 sessions in total). Desired network connectivity patterns were reinforced in real-time, without participants’ awareness of the training taking place. This training regimen produced large, significant long-term changes in correlations at the network level, and whole brain analysis revealed that the greatest changes were focused on the areas being trained. These changes were not found in the control group. Moreover, changes in ASD resting state connectivity following the training were correlated to changes in behavior, suggesting that neurofeedback can be used to directly alter complex, clinically relevant network connectivity patterns.Significance StatementMany disorders are characterized by underlying abnormalities in network connectivity. These abnormalities are difficult to address with explicit training procedures (which are unlikely to target the specific abnormalities). Covert neurofeedback however, can directly target these networks, positively reinforcing the desired connections. We have developed a method for reinforcing correlations in real-time, and show that such training is effective, inducing significant, long-lasting changes in connectivity between aberrant networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder. This provides a potential mechanism for modulating aberrant correlation structures in other clinical groups as well.
Simulating the impact of sensorimotor deficits on reaching performance
Authors: Sketch Sean M. , Simpson Cole S. , Crevecoeur Frédéric , Okamura Allison M. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe healthy human nervous system accurately and robustly controls movements despite nonlinear dynamics, noise, and delays. After a stroke, motor ability frequently becomes impaired. To provide insight into the relative impact of specific sensorimotor deficits on motor performance, we modeled neural control of reaching with the human upper limb as a near-optimally feedback-controlled two-degree-of-freedom system with biologically based parameters. We added three sensorimotor impairments commonly associated with post-stroke hemiparesis—abnormal joint coupling, increased noise on internally modeled dynamics, and muscular weakness— and examined the impact on reaching performance. We found that abnormal joint coupling unknown to the system’s internal model caused systematic perturbations to trajectories, longer reach durations, and target overshoot. Increasing internal model noise and muscular weakness had little impact on motor performance unless model noise was increased by several orders of magnitude. Many reaches performed by our perturbed models replicate features commonly observed in reaches by hemiparetic stroke survivors. The sensitivity to unmodeled abnormal joint coupling agrees with experimental findings that abnormal coupling (possibly related to internal model errors) is the main cause of post-stroke motor impairment.
Transfer properties of various compensation techniques for wireless power transfer system including parasitic effects
Authors: Kindl Vladimir , Frivaldsky Michal , Spanik Pavol , Piri Marek , Jaros Viliam 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to develop mathematical models of variously compensated wireless energy transfer (WET) systems. Attention is primarily paid to the derivation of the most important energy transfer characteristics such as efficiency and amount of transferred power. This paper discusses the main advantages and disadvantages of various compensation techniques to show their possible application areas. On the basis of these results, a designer will be able to quickly identify which compensation type suites as the best solution to fulfill a given system’s requirements.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the current state in the field of mathematical modeling of WET systems is introduced. Next, the non-resonant magnetic-coupled circuit together with four most common resonant magnetic-coupled circuits is analyzed. The equivalent circuit models using loop currents methodology is applied to the analyses. The proposed methodology is experimentally verified by the laboratory measurement of selected circuit topology. The main contribution of the proposed methodology lies in its quick applicability on more complicated or extended systems while keeping a relatively good match with the real system’s behavior.

Findings
The authors have presented the usage of a simple and accurate methodology for investigating variously compensated WET systems. Electrical engineers who require effective and powerful tools for the identification of basic WET systems properties will find this methodology to be of extensive help.

Research limitations/implications
The analyses consider only the sinusoidal type of supply voltage; so, it is valid mainly for the close range of the resonant state. Nonlinearities cannot be taken into account.

Practical implications
This research may be applied in the field of WET systems.

Originality/value
Research in the area of power electronic systems, which provides a clear and straightforward procedure for WET system identification, will be helpful to most practical technicians who are not well versed in areas of physical-based phenomena.
Influence of curvature on air-gap magnetic field distribution and rotor losses in PM electric machines
Authors: Renedo Anglada Jaime , Sharkh Suleiman , Qazalbash Arfakhshand 
Published: May 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to study the effect of curvature on the magnetic field distribution and no-load rotor eddy current losses in electric machines, particularly in high-speed permanent magnet (PM) machines.Design/methodology/approachThe magnetic field distribution is obtained using conformal mapping, and the eddy current losses are obtained using a cylindrical multilayer model. The analytical results are validated using a two-dimensional finite element analysis. The analytical method is based on a proportional-logarithmic conformal transformation that maps the cylindrical geometry of a rotating electric machine into a rectangular configuration without modifying the length scale. In addition, the appropriate transformation of PM cylindrical domains into the rectangular domain is deduced. Based on this conformal transformation, a coefficient to quantify the effect of curvature is proposed.FindingsNeglecting the effect of curvature can produce significant errors in the calculation of no-load rotor losses when the ratio between the air-gap length and the rotor diameter is large.Originality/valueThe appropriate transformation of PM cylindrical domains into the rectangular domain is deduced. The proportional-logarithmic transformation proposed provides an insight into the effect of curvature on the magnetic field distribution in the air-gap and no-load rotor losses. Furthermore, the proposed curvature coefficient gives a notion of the effect of curvature for any particular geometry without the necessity of any complicated calculation. The case study shows that neglecting the effect of curvature underestimates the rotor eddy-current losses significantly in machines with large gap-to-rotor diameter ratios.
RISE-backstepping-based robust control design for induction motor drives
Authors: Rkhissi-Kammoun Yosra , Ghommam Jawhar , Boukhnifer Moussa , Mnif Faiçal 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to address the speed and flux tracking problem of an induction motor (IM) drive that propels an electric vehicle (EV). A new continuous control law is developed for an IM drive by using the backstepping design associated with the Robust Integral Sign of the Error (RISE) technique.

Design/methodology/approach
First, the rotor field-oriented IM dynamic model is derived. Then, a RISE-backstepping approach is proposed to compensate for the load torque disturbance under the assumptions that the disturbances are C2 class functions with bounded time derivatives.

Findings
The numerical validation results have presented good control performances in terms of speed and flux reference tracking. It is also robust against load disturbances rejection and IM parameters variation compared to the conventional Field-Oriented Control design. Besides, the asymptotic stability and the boundedness of the closed-loop signals is guaranteed in the context of Lyapunov.

Originality/value
A very relevant strategy based on a conjunction of the backstepping design with the RISE technique is proposed for an IM drive. The approach remains simple and can be scaled to different applications.
2-D quasi-static solution of a coil in relative motion to a conducting plate
Authors: Abdelqader Majd , Morelli Jordan , Palka Ryszard , Woronowicz Konrad 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The aim of this paper is to present a method for calculating the electromagnetic fields, forces and current density distribution using Fourier series for a two-dimensional quasi steady state model consisting of a conducting uniform plate moving relative to an arbitrary current source with time harmonic excitation.

Design/methodology/approach
The presented solution is valid for an arbitrary source. A specific source is chosen consisting of a single coil made up of two-time harmonic current filaments. The solutions are derived and presented in a form that allows its expansion to include an arbitrary number of spatially shifted coils conducting arbitrary harmonic currents.

Findings
The analytical solution is compared to simulations produced using commercial finite element analysis software, ANSYS Maxwell2D and COMSOL, and is found to be in good agreement. The analytical solution provides a direct method to analyze the spatial harmonics in the system and can be computationally significantly faster especially at high relative speeds between the primary source and conducting plate.

Originality/value
The presented Fourier series solution is applied to simple 2-D model of a single coil with AC current excitation moving relative to a conducting plate. An analytical solution and analysis of this system has not been presented before, to the authors’ knowledge, using Fourier series or any other method.
Analytical modeling of disc-type permanent magnet hysteresis motor in steady-state operational conditions
Authors: Behniafar Ali , Darabi Ahmad 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
In this paper, a new structure for the permanent magnet hysteresis synchronous (PMHS) motor is introduced. Moreover, this paper aims to presents a new analytical method for modeling of a disc-type PMHS motor.

Design/methodology/approach
Because the hysteresis and permanent magnet motors have unique characteristics, a motor (the PMHS motor) with excellent performance features can be achieved by combining them. Choosing a disc-type slotless structure causes the major advantages of both motors to be preserved in the new motor. To analyze PMHS motor, mathematical equations are obtained by using Ampere’s circuital law, flux continuity law and Faraday’s law. Then the air-gap voltage and exciting current of the motor can be calculated. To implement this method, a new iterative algorithm is proposed. This algorithm consists of one-iteration loop for each input voltage to find the maximum flux density of the operational hysteresis loop of the motor.

Findings
Validity of the analytical approach is confirmed by experimental results. A reasonably close agreement between the two is shown and some outstanding performances of the PMHS motor are demonstrated.

Originality/value
A new structure for PMHS motor and also a new analytical method for performance prediction of this motor is presented.
Performance evaluation of MoM-based wide-band EM simulation with adaptive frequency sampling and Stöer-Bulirsch algorithm
Authors: Karwowski Andrzej 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to examine the convergence, offered accuracy and efficiency of the bisectional adaptive frequency sampling (AFS) scheme combined with the Stöer-Bulirsch (SB) algorithm as a tool for supporting frequency-domain method-of-moments (MoM) in broadband electromagnetic (EM) simulations.

Design/methodology/approach
The AFS and SB procedures have been interfaced with the MoM code, and then, an extensive parametric study has been carried out to explore the performance of the numerical solution for the test problems of reconstructing frequency responses of the wire radiator and scatterer, respectively, over at least a decade bandwidth.

Findings
The results give evidence for the efficiency of the overall approach and its capability of constructing the approximation of multi-resonant responses with sharp resonant peaks from a substantially reduced number of EM samples (data points) compared to that of conventional uniform sampling.

Originality/value
Results of the study offer thorough insight into the performance of the AFS-SB technique, and the data given in this paper may be helpful in selecting the convergence criterion and the tolerance for the AFS-SB algorithm to achieve a possibly economical broadband simulation technique.
The influence of inter-turn short circuit fault considering loop current on the electromagnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous motor
Authors: Qiu Hongbo , Yu Wenfei , Yuan Shuai , Tang Bingxia , Yang Cunxiang 
Published: May 2017

Purpose
The impact of the loop current (LC) on the motor magnetic field in the analysis of the inter-turn short circuit (ITSC) fault is always ignored. This paper made a comparative study on the electromagnetic field of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). The purpose of this study is to explore the necessary of the LC existing in the fault analysis and the electromagnetic characteristics of the PMSM with the ITSC fault when taking into account the LC.

Design/methodology/approach
Based on the finite element method (FEM), the fault model was established, and the magnetic density of the fault condition was analyzed. The induced electromotive force (EMF) and the LC of the short circuit ring were studied. The three-phase induced EMF and the unbalance of the three-phase current under the fault condition were studied. Finally, a prototype test platform was built to obtain the data of the fault.

Findings
The influence of the fault on the magnetic density was obtained. The current phase lag when the ITSC fault occurs causes the magnetic enhancement of the armature reaction. The mechanism that LC hinders the flux change was revealed. The influence of the fault on the three-phase-induced EMF symmetry, the three-phase current balance and the loss was obtained.

Originality/value
The value of the LC in the short circuit ring and the influence of it on the motor electromagnetic field were obtained. On the basis of the electromagnetic field calculation model, the sensitivity of the LC to the magnetic density, induced EMF, current and loss were analyzed.