bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discrepancies in perceptions of PTSD symptoms among veteran couples: Links to poorer relationship and individual functioning
Authors: Grubbs Kathleen M. , Knopp Kayla C. , Khalifian Chandra E. , Wrape Elizabeth R. , Mackintosh Margaret‐Anne , Sohn Min Ji , Macdonald Alexandra , Morland Leslie A. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractVeteran and intimate partner perceptions of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may differ, and little is known about how agreement or disagreement on symptom severity is related to relationship satisfaction. Veterans and their partners (N = 199 couples) completed a baseline assessment for a clinical trial evaluating two couple‐based PTSD interventions. Veterans completed the PTSD Checklist for DSM‐5 (PCL‐5). Partners completed the collateral PCL‐5 (PCL‐5‐C), which asked them to rate the severity of the veteran's PTSD symptoms. Both partner and veteran completed the Couples Satisfaction Index (CSI‐32). Intraclass correlations (ICC) assessed agreement between PCL‐5 and PCL‐5‐C total and subscale scores, which was low for total PCL and for all subscales (ICC = 0.15–0.46). Actor‐Partner Interdependence Models (APIMs; actor‐only pattern) tested associations between relationship satisfaction and PTSD symptom severity (total PCL and subscales), and the magnitude and direction of difference between PCL‐5 and PCL‐5‐C (total and subscales). For veterans, more severe total PTSD and negative cognition/mood scores were associated with lower relationship satisfaction, and the direction of discrepancy for negative cognition/mood (i.e., higher veteran‐rated PTSD symptoms relative to partner's collateral report) was also associated with lower satisfaction. For partners, more severe collateral‐reported symptoms for total PTSD and all four subscales were associated with lower relationship satisfaction; further, a larger discrepancy between veterans' and partners' reports of total PTSD, negative cognition/mood, and hyperarousal were associated with lower satisfaction. These results suggest that partners may have different perceptions of PTSD symptoms, and support the potential of fostering a shared understanding of PTSD symptom severity in couples.
Experimental Study on Three‐Dimensional Internal Crack Propagation in Brittle Materials With Combined Defects
Authors: Wu Junyu , Zhu Shu , Zhu Zhende , Wang Haijun , Han Bei 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the fracture behavior of brittle solids with combined defects by prefabricating internal cracks in glass materials using three‐dimensional internal laser‐engraved crack (3D‐ILC) technology. The results of physical and numerical experiments indicate that under biaxial compression, cracks first appear on the surface of the cavity, followed by the propagation of the prefabricated cracks. During propagation, these two cracks attract each other, ultimately leading to crack coalescence. As the geometric distribution of the combined defects changes, the propagation direction of the prefabricated cracks deflects to varying degrees as is to be expected. The failure process of the specimens with combined defects was a mixed‐mode I–II–III fracture. This research provides experimental and theoretical references for the study of crack propagation in rock materials containing combined defects.
Temporal changes in streamflow can predict parasitism levels in freshwater prawns better than host traits
Authors: Wunderlich Alison Carlos , Mosna Esli Emanoel Domingues , Pinheiro Marcelo Antonio Amaro 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Understanding how changes in the hydrological regime drive parasite loads and dynamics remains a challenging issue in ecological parasitology. Temporal changes in streamflow and rainfall are key hydrological factors that could alter interactions between the parasite and host and affect parasitism levels. However, to investigate the effect of streamflow, rainfall and its mechanisms, it is important to control host traits that can also influence parasitism levels in freshwater systems.

Here, we used a cymothoid‐palaemonid prawn model to test the combined effects of streamflow and rainfall accounting for host traits to predict variations in parasite loads in stream ecosystems. We collected the palaemonid prawns monthly for 2 years and measured the variation of rainfall and streamflow (i.e. stream discharge) at the time of prawn sampling.

Our best model showed that streamflow can predict parasitism levels in prawns better than host traits. We found a higher prevalence and abundance of parasites in reduced streamflow compared to increased ones. We also found higher ectoparasite loads in females rather than males and occurring in autumn and winter rather than in spring and summer. Our results also showed that ectoparasite loads also suffer an effect of host body size, sex and moult stage, but not host age.

Our findings show that reduced streamflow can facilitate host finding that favours parasite transmission in dry seasons and increase parasitism levels in stream systems. Temporal variability in streamflow can have a strong influence on parasite loads and dynamics compared to host traits in stream ecosystems.

Identifying how interactions between aquatic invertebrates and parasites respond to variability in the hydrological regime can help to better understand and predict disease outbreaks as habitat reduction and disturbance continue in stream ecosystems.
Regular exercise suppresses steatosis‐associated liver cancer development by degrading E2F1 and c‐Myc via circadian gene upregulation
Authors: Huyen Vu Thuong , Echizen Kanae , Yamagishi Ryota , Kumagai Miho , Nonaka Yoshiki , Kodama Takahiro , Ando Tatsuya , Yano Megumu , Takada Naoki , Takasugi Masaki , Kamachi Fumitaka , Ohtani Naoko 
Published: October 2024

AbstractRegular exercise is believed to suppress cancer progression. However, the precise molecular mechanisms by which exercise prevents cancer development remain unclear. In this study, using a steatosis‐associated liver cancer mouse model, we found that regular exercise at a speed of 18 m/min for 20 min daily suppressed liver cancer development. To explore the underlying mechanisms, we examined the gene expression profiles in the livers of the exercise and non‐exercise groups. The expressions of circadian genes, such as Per1 and Cry2, were upregulated in the exercise group. As circadian rhythm disruption is known to cause various diseases, including cancer, improving circadian rhythm through exercise could contribute to cancer prevention. We further found that the expression of a series of E2F1 and c‐Myc target genes that directly affect the proliferation of cancer cells was downregulated in the exercise group. However, the expression of E2F1 and c‐Myc was transcriptionally unchanged but degraded at the post‐translational level by exercise. Cry2, which is regulated by the Skp1‐Cul1‐FBXL3 (SCFFBXL3) ubiquitin ligase complex by binding to FBXL3, can form a complex with E2F1 and c‐Myc, which we think is the mechanism to degrade them. Our study revealed a previously unknown mechanism by which exercise prevents cancer development.
Application of Gene Expression Microarray for the Classification of Ph‐Like B‐Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Thangrua Nonthaya , Siriboonpiputtana Teerapong , Rerkamnuaychoke Budsaba , Chareonsirisuthigul Takol , Korkiatsakul Veerawat , Pongphitcha Pongpak , Mukda Ekchol , Chutipongtanate Somchai , Pakakasama Samart 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTIntroductionPh‐like ALL has gene expression profile similar to Ph‐positive ALL but without the BCR::ABL1 fusion. The disease presents higher rates of severe clinical features and is associated with unfavorable outcomes. There is still no standard pipeline for molecular characterization of the disease, and no valid predictor gene panel is available worldwide.MethodsWe performed expression microarray on 25 B‐cell ALL and 6 Ph‐positive B‐cell ALL to cluster and identify the transcriptional signature of Ph‐like ALL. qRT‐PCR was used to confirm the expression of candidate genes.ResultsFour out of 25 samples (16%) shared gene expression signatures related to and clustered with control Ph‐positive samples. Analysis of genes differentially expressed in Ph‐like B‐cell ALL and evidentially functional in normal blood cell development and leukemogenesis, we selected genes as potential biomarkers for Ph‐like B‐cell ALL in our dataset: ADGRE2, CD9, EPHA7, FAM129C, TCL1A, and VPREB1. Those genes were filtered by Ph‐like gene signatures obtained from distinct reliable data, resulting in five genes, CA6, CHN2, JAK1, JCHAIN, and PON2, selected for validation by qRT‐PCR. The Ct values of genes, including CA6 (p = 0.0017), PON2 (p = 0.0210), TCL1A (p = 0.0064), and VPREB1 (p = 0.0338), were significant in Ph‐like ALL. GSEA analysis identified VPREB1 as enrichment in the KRAS signaling pathway, and several genes that interact with VPREB1 were reported as critical molecules involved in the leukemogenesis of B‐cell ALL.ConclusionIn summary, we demonstrate using a gene expression microarray for classifying Ph‐like B‐cell ALL and highlight VPREB1 as a potential biomarker for this disease.
The effect of self‐care levels on erectile dysfunction in Turkish men with heart disease
Authors: Türker Esra 
Published: October 2024

AbstractFor many years there has been evidence of an association between heart disease and erectile dysfunction (ED). This is a health problem that affects patients both physically and psychologically. Individuals affected by coronary heart disease need a comprehensive care approach to achieve optimal health outcomes. However, there is a gap in nursing research on the sexual life of men with coronary artery disease. This descriptive research will identify the prevalence of self‐care and ED in Turkish men having coronary heart disease and examine potential interactions between them. This descriptive study conducted between March 2022 and March 2023 with 178 men aged 18–70 years who were followed up in the cardiology polyclinic of a hospital with a diagnosis of coronary artery disease. Data collected via face‐to‐face meetings using a Socio‐Demographic Questionnaire Form, Coronary Heart Disease Self‐Care Inventory and International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire. Ethical approval was obtained before starting research. The Declaration of Helsinki was complied with during the research period. Of the participating patients, 52.2% were older than 65 years and 37.6% had high school education or higher. A significant proportion of patients (42.1%) had been married for 20–29 years. The majority of the participants (59%) were still working and 88.8% reported that their income was equal to their expenses. The mean scores of the scales were found to be moderate and when the correlation between the scales was examined, a moderate positive correlation was found (p < 0.05). A regression was performed to determine the causal relationship linking self‐care scores and ED. The results yielded significant findings (F = 46.854; p < 0.05). The change in the level of ED was found to be explained by self‐care at a rate of 43.7% (R2 = 0.437). This study showed that ED levels decreased with improving self‐care levels in men with coronary heart disease. While counselling these patients, health professionals should aim to increase their self‐care competencies related to cardiac rehabilitation and decrease their ED levels by considering the characteristics of the patients.
New Engineered‐Chimeric Botulinum Neurotoxin Mutant Acts as an Effective Bivalent Vaccine Against Botulinum Neurotoxin Serotype A and E
Authors: Wang Jingrong , Lu Jiansheng , Li Bolin , Liu Xiaoyu , Wang Rong , Du Peng , Yu Shuo , Yang Zhixin , Yu Yunzhou 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTBotulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), including serotypes A and E, are potent biotoxins known to cause human poisoning. In addition to the critical protective antigen found in the full BoNT molecule, the receptor binding domain (Hc domain), BoNTs also harbour another essential protective antigen—the light chain‐translocation domain (L‐HN domain). Leveraging these pivotal protective antigens, we genetically engineered a series of inactivated chimeric molecules incorporating L‐HN and Hc domains of BoNT/A and E. The structure of these chimeric molecules, mirror BoNT/A and E, but are devoid of enzyme activity. Experimental findings demonstrated that a lead candidate mEL‐HN‐mAHc harnessing the inactivated protease LCHN/E with the mutated gangliosides binding site Hc/A (mE‐mA) elicited robust immune protection against BoNT/A and E simultaneously in a mouse model, requiring low immune dosages and minimal immunisations. Moreover, mE‐mA exhibited high protective efficacy against BoNT/A and E in guinea pigs and New Zealand white rabbits, resulting in elevated neutralising antibody titres. Furthermore, mE‐mA proved to be a more stable and safer vaccine compared to formaldehyde‐inactivated toxoid. Our data underscore the genetically engineered mE‐mA as a highly effective bivalent vaccine against BoNT/A and E, paving the way for the development of polyvalent vaccines against biotoxins.
Microhabitat selection and niche overlap: Drivers of spider coexistence in a tropical limestone cave
Authors: Silveira Laís da Glória Teixeira , Pellegrini Thais Giovannini , Ferreira Rodrigo Lopes , Silva Marconi Souza 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStable temperature, humidity, and oligotrophy may be essential in microhabitat selection, shaping niche overlap and species coexistence within cave ecosystems. To explore this hypothesis, we assessed the distribution and microhabitat preferences of four non‐obligate cave‐dwelling spiders: Loxosceles anomala, Scytodes itapevi, Philoponella vittata, and the exotic Oecobius navus. Using 1‐m2 quadrats, we surveyed spider distribution and abundance in a limestone cave, considering environmental conditions and prey availability during wet and dry periods. Significant differences were observed between moist and dry periods regarding light intensity, wind speed, air temperature and moisture, potential prey, and the abundance of L. anomala. The exotic spider O. navus was more specialist, preferred brighter habitats, and showed lower niche overlap. Conversely, the three native species displayed greater niche overlap and preferred darker and more humid environments. Spatial disparities, rather than temporal variation, in species distribution underscored the influence of cave habitat conditions on species segregation. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the limited ability of the non‐native O. navus to occupy more illuminated cave areas, thereby potentially safeguarding these habitats against biological invasion by this species.
Improving students' processing of history‐related 360° videos through collaboration and emotion regulation
Authors: Nachtigall Valentina , Yek Selina , Rummel Nikol 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundWith the increasing availability of immersive technologies such as 360° videos for educational purposes, research needs to shift from media comparison studies to value‐added studies in order to identify conditions for effective learning with such technologies. For the educational use of history‐related virtual reality media, which are characterized by immersion and emotionalization, instructional approaches that promote cognitive and critical rather than emotional processing of the content are required.ObjectivesDrawing on research on self‐regulated learning, emotion regulation, and collaborative learning, the present value‐added study examines whether (1) strategy training in cognitive and emotion regulation strategies and (2) collaboration can enhance students' cognitive processing of history‐related 360° videos.MethodsIn a quasi‐experimental study with school students (N = 157), we compared the effects of training addressing cognitive and emotion regulation strategies with training focusing on cognitive strategies alone. Before and during each of the two types of training, students were asked to either collaboratively or individually analyse a history‐related 360° video.Results and ConclusionsTraining in cognitive strategies alone promotes cognitive processing of 360° videos, while combined training leads to more emotional processing. Collaboration helps students to analyse a history‐related 360° video in a cognitive and reflective way before training and to acquire the cognitive strategies during the training. After training, however, students who had previously collaborated processed the video more emotionally than students who had previously worked alone. This study highlights the importance of tailored instructional approaches to maximize the educational potential of immersive technologies in history education.
Endometrial cancer and endometrial changes in transgender men: Insights from Japanese individuals on testosterone
Authors: Nakahara Mariko , Yoshida Hiroshi , Sakamoto Aiko , Taguchi Takeshi , Uno Masaya , Kato Tomoyasu , Ishikawa Mitsuya 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAimEndometrial changes in Japanese transgender men (TGM) on testosterone use remain elucidated. This study aims to present TGM with endometrial cancer and insights from a literature review of similar cases. Furthermore, we investigated the correlation between endometrial cancer and severe obesity in TGM who underwent gender‐affirming surgery.MethodsBetween July 2020 and April 2023, two groups were assessed: 2 TGM with endometrial cancer and 43 TGM without cancer who underwent gender‐affirming surgery. A literature review for TGM with endometrial cancer was conducted. Clinical data were retrospectively collected, and histopathological evaluation of female genital organs was performed.ResultsTwo TGM with endometrial cancer and an additional four similar cases were identified through a literature search. These TGM had severe obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) and long‐term testosterone use, indicating a possible link between endometrial cancer and these factors. Subsequently, we investigated the 43 TGM without cancer. We revealed 30% with obesity (BMI ≥25), only three cases of severe obesity (BMI ≥30), and a significant correlation between testosterone use duration and BMI in TGM without cancer. Histological examination revealed focal proliferative endometrium in 51% of cases and polycystic ovarian changes in 77%.ConclusionsOur observations suggest a potential link between severe obesity, prolonged testosterone use, and endometrial cancer in transgender men. Histological changes in the female genital tract highlighted frequent focal proliferative endometrium, even under testosterone therapy. Further research should focus on larger, multi‐institutional studies to confirm these findings and establish endometrial cancer screening for Japanese TGM.
Use of multiple micronutrient supplementation integrated into routine antenatal care: A discussion of research priorities
Authors: Firoz Tabassum , Daru Jahnavi , Busch‐Hallen Jennifer , Tunçalp Özge , Rogers Lisa M. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOptimal maternal nutrition, including adequate intake and status of essential micronutrients, is important for the health of women and developing infants. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) Antenatal care recommendations for a positive pregnancy experience recommend daily iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation as the standard of care. The use of multiple micronutrient supplements (MMS) is recommended in the context of rigorous research as more evidence was needed regarding the impact of switching from IFA supplements to MMS, including evaluation of critical clinical maternal and perinatal outcomes, acceptability, feasibility, sustainability, equity and cost‐effectiveness. WHO convened a technical consultation of key stakeholders to discuss research priorities with the objective of providing guidance and clarity to donors, implementers and researchers about this recommendation. The overarching principles of the research agenda include the use of clinical indicators and impact measures that are applicable across studies and settings and the inclusion of outcomes that are important to women. Future studies should consider using standardized protocols based on current best practices to measure critical outcomes such as gestational age (GA) and birthweight (BW) in studies. As GA and BW are influenced by multiple factors, more research is needed to understand the biological impact pathways, and how initiation and considerations for timing of MMS influence these outcomes. A set of core clinical indicators was agreed upon during the technical consultation. For implementation research, the Evidence‐to‐Decision framework was used as a resource for discussing components of implementation research. The implementation research questions, key indicators and performance measures will depend on country‐specific context and bottlenecks that require further research and improved solutions to enable the successful implementation of iron‐containing supplements.
Warming triggers stomatal opening by enhancement of photosynthesis and ensuing guard cell CO2 sensing, whereas higher temperatures induce a photosynthesis‐uncoupled response
Authors: Pankasem Nattiwong , Hsu Po‐Kai , Lopez Bryn N. K. , Franks Peter J. , Schroeder Julian I. 
Published: October 2024

Summary

Plants integrate environmental stimuli to optimize photosynthesis vs water loss by controlling stomatal apertures. However, stomatal responses to temperature elevation and the underlying molecular genetic mechanisms remain less studied.

We developed an approach for clamping leaf‐to‐air vapor pressure difference (VPDleaf) to fixed values, and recorded robust reversible warming‐induced stomatal opening in intact plants. We analyzed stomatal temperature responses of mutants impaired in guard cell signaling pathways for blue light, abscisic acid (ABA), CO2, and the temperature‐sensitive proteins, Phytochrome B (phyB) and EARLY‐FLOWERING‐3 (ELF3).

We confirmed that phot1‐5/phot2‐1 leaves lacking blue‐light photoreceptors showed partially reduced warming‐induced stomatal opening. Furthermore, ABA‐biosynthesis, phyB, and ELF3 were not essential for the stomatal warming response. Strikingly, Arabidopsis (dicot) and Brachypodium distachyon (monocot) mutants lacking guard cell CO2 sensors and signaling mechanisms, including ht1, mpk12/mpk4‐gc, and cbc1/cbc2 abolished the stomatal warming response, suggesting a conserved mechanism across diverse plant lineages. Moreover, warming rapidly stimulated photosynthesis, resulting in a reduction in intercellular (CO2). Interestingly, further enhancing heat stress caused stomatal opening uncoupled from photosynthesis.

We provide genetic and physiological evidence that the stomatal warming response is triggered by increased CO2 assimilation and stomatal CO2 sensing. Additionally, increasing heat stress functions via a distinct photosynthesis‐uncoupled stomatal opening pathway.