bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in the fourth decade of life depends on birth weight and the DRD4 gene: Implications for understanding the development of emotion regulation
Authors: Savoy Calan , Mathewson Karen J. , Schmidt Louis A. , Morrison Katherine M. , Krzeczkowski John. E. , Van Lieshout Ryan J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIntroductionThe long allele of the DRD4 gene can confer different behavioral and emotional phenotypes depending upon environmental exposure, although the physiological changes underlying these phenotypes are not fully known. We sought to extend this work by assessing the interaction of the DRD4 gene and exposure to perinatal adversity (indexed by extremely low birth weight [ELBW]) on resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), a neurophysiological measure of emotion regulation, in adulthood.MethodsWe examined the interaction between the DRD4 gene and perinatal adversity on RSA at age 30–35 in a longitudinal cohort of ELBW survivors (n = 49) and NBW controls (n = 63). Buccal DNA samples were genotyped for short and long carriers of the exon III DRD4 VNTR gene. Resting RSA was assessed by electrocardiogram.ResultsWe report an interaction between birth weight status and DRD4 gene (F = 9.42, p = 0.003) in predicting RSA, such that DRD4 long carriers had the highest and lowest resting RSA depending on whether they were born NBW or ELBW, respectively. DRD4 short carriers were less sensitive to birth weight. Additionally, reduced RSA was correlated with a history of major depressive disorder, suggesting it was a reliable index of emotion dysregulation.DiscussionThese results suggest that the perinatal environment influences autonomic nervous system functioning in individuals with genotypes that confer additional sensitivity. Whether the long‐term autonomic outcomes of this environmental sensitivity are beneficial or detrimental appears to depend on the quality of the early life environment, and may influence the development of emotion regulatory and psychiatric problems in adulthood.
Do you hear what I see? Vocalization relative to visual detection rates of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus)
Authors: Gorresen Paulo. Marcos , Cryan Paul M. , Montoya‐Aiona Kristina , Bonaccorso Frank J. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBats vocalize during flight as part of the sensory modality called echolocation, but very little is known about whether flying bats consistently call. Occasional vocal silence during flight when bats approach prey or conspecifics has been documented for relatively few species and situations. Bats flying alone in clutter‐free airspace are not known to forgo vocalization, yet prior observations suggested possible silent behavior in certain, unexpected situations. Determining when, why, and where silent behavior occurs in bats will help evaluate major assumptions of a primary monitoring method for bats used in ecological research, management, and conservation. In this study, we recorded flight activity of Hawaiian hoary bats (Lasiurus cinereus semotus) under seminatural conditions using both thermal video cameras and acoustic detectors. Simultaneous video and audio recordings from 20 nights of observation at 10 sites were analyzed for correspondence between detection methods, with a focus on video observations in three distance categories for which accompanying vocalizations were detected. Comparison of video and audio detections revealed that a high proportion of Hawaiian hoary bats “seen” on video were not simultaneously “heard.” On average, only about one in three visual detections within a night had an accompanying call detection, but this varied greatly among nights. Bats flying on curved flight paths and individuals nearer the cameras were more likely to be detected by both methods. Feeding and social calls were detected, but no clear pattern emerged from the small number of observations involving closely interacting bats. These results may indicate that flying Hawaiian hoary bats often forgo echolocation, or do not always vocalize in a way that is detectable with common sampling and monitoring methods. Possible reasons for the low correspondence between visual and acoustic detections range from methodological to biological and include a number of biases associated with the propagation and detection of sound, cryptic foraging strategies, or conspecific presence. Silent flight behavior may be more prevalent in echolocating bats than previously appreciated, has profound implications for ecological research, and deserves further characterization and study.
Species richness and traits predict overyielding in stem growth in an early‐successional tree diversity experiment
Authors: Grossman Jake J. , Cavender‐Bares Jeannine , Hobbie Sarah E. , Reich Peter B. , Montgomery Rebecca A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOver the last two decades, empirical work has established that higher biodiversity can lead to greater primary productivity; however, the importance of different aspects of biodiversity in contributing to such relationships is rarely elucidated. We assessed the relative importance of species richness, phylogenetic diversity, functional diversity, and identity of neighbors for stem growth 3 yr after seedling establishment in a tree diversity experiment in eastern Minnesota. Generally, we found that community‐weighted means of key functional traits (including mycorrhizal association, leaf nitrogen and calcium, and waterlogging tolerance) as well as species richness were strong, independent predictors of stem biomass growth. More phylogenetically diverse communities did not consistently produce more biomass than expected, and the trait values or diversity of individual functional traits better predicted biomass production than did a multidimensional functional diversity metric. Furthermore, functional traits and species richness best predicted growth at the whole‐plot level (12 m2), whereas neighborhood composition best predicted growth at the focal tree level (0.25 m2). The observed effects of biodiversity on growth appear strongly driven by positive complementary effects rather than by species‐specific selection effects, suggesting that synergistic species’ interactions rather than the influence of a few important species may drive overyielding.
Structure and properties of an ethylcellulose and stearyl alcohol/stearic acid (EC/SO:SA) hybrid oleogelator system
Authors: Gravelle Andrew J. , Blach Carolin , Weiss Jochen , Barbut Shai , Marangoni Alejandro G. 
Published: July 2017

The physical properties of stearyl alcohol:stearic acid (SO:SA) oleogels at varying oleogelator mass ratios were characterized in the presence of the polymer oleogelator ethylcellulose (EC). The large deformation properties of the combined EC/SO:SA oleogels at intermediate ratios (8:2 to 4:6) were similar to that of the corresponding SO:SA formulations. The remaining ratios exhibited a substantial increase in gel strength in the presence of EC, with the hardest composed of stearic acid (0:10). Neither polymorphism, nor thermal behavior of SO:SA were affected by EC, but increases in SFC at 10°C were correlated to harder gels. EC drastically altered the microstructure of the SOSA network producing structures made up of clusters of branching, needle‐like crystals. Overall, the increase in gel strength outside the ratios where pure stearyl alcohol or stearic acid crystals were present, could be attributed to increased solids and reinforcement by the secondary EC network.Practical applications: The hybrid gelator system investigated here has potential as fat mimetic. The SO:SA ratios which provided the greatest oil‐structuring ability and plasticity were 8:2 and 7:3 SO:SA. This strategy of using complementary gelators should prove useful for optimizing the functionality of oleogels for diverse food applications.Ethylcellulose improved the gelling efficiency and gel strength of the stearoyl alcohol/stearic acid oleogelator system by altering the crystalline microstructure.
HPLC fingerprinting approach for raw material assessment and unit operation tracking for IVIG production from Cohn I+II+III fraction
Authors: Peljhan Sebastijan , Jakop Tina , Šček Dunja , Skvarča Vid , Goričar Blaž , Žabar Romina , Mencin Nina 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe plasma‐derived IgG used either for diagnostic purpose or intravenous application (in form of IVIG) in various medical therapies is certainly gaining more and more attention on annual basis. Different manufacturing processes are used to isolate immunoglobulins from human plasma. However, a quest for alternative paths in IgG isolation not only requires development of the most efficient isolation process, but also a rapid and reliable analytics to track the purification. Fast and reliable fingerprint‐based method for characterization of IgG prepared from Cohn I+II+III paste is presented in this paper. The fingerprint method bases on partial separation of proteins in linear gradient on CIMac™ quaternary amine, strong anion exchange group (QA) 0.1 mL column. Partial separation of proteins does not allow simple quantitative analysis of the samples during the IgG isolation from Cohn I+II+III fraction paste, but very accurate qualitative information about the composition of the sample can be obtained in less than 5 min. From the differences in the chromatograms of various samples, the ratio between IgG and impurities in each sample can be easily assessed. The method is suitable for input material control, in‐line monitoring of the downstream processing, final control of the products, as well as in stability studies and enables taking fast and accurate decisions during fractionation process.
Long‐term retreat rates of Israel's Mediterranean sea cliffs inferred from reconstruction of eroded archaeological sites
Authors: Barkai Ofra , Katz Oded , Mushkin Amit , Goodman‐Tchernov Beverly N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractErosion and inland retreat of coastal cliffs present one of the most dynamic earth‐surface processes presently challenging coastlines. The rate of cliff retreat is central to coastal planning and protection of shoreline infrastructure. Until now, the majority of retreat rate estimates have been based on aerial photos from the past century, and therefore do not provide multicentury estimates of retreat rates. Here, we studied Bronze Age to Crusader archeological sites (∼3700 years) located on Israel's coastal cliff and used their spatial relation to the cliff to estimate the long‐term centurial‐millennial retreat rates of the cliff. To accomplish this, original layouts of partially eroded archaeological structures were reconstructed and compared to the modern coastal cliff line. The eroded parts of the studied structures and their original age constrained the maximum timing of the retreat. The resulting retreat rates are significantly lower than those previously calculated using observations of around 100 years. The archeological data also record the episodicity of the cliff failure events. The research highlights both the issue of the loss of valuable archaeological cultural resources, and simultaneously the usefulness of eroding coastal archaeological features to resolve questions of modern significance.
Reconstruction of the burial position of two hominin skeletons (Australopithecus sediba) from the early Pleistocene Malapa cave site, South Africa
Authors: Val Aurore , Backwell Lucinda R. , Dirks Paul H. G. M. , d'Errico Francesco , Berger Lee R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe Malapa site has yielded unusually abundant and well preserved fossils of Australopithecus sediba. While some elements were found in situ during excavation, others were recovered ex situ from blocks of clastic, calcified sediments collected around the site. We have refitted the ex situ elements from Facies D, the sedimentary unit represented by a single debris flow from which most of the Au. sediba remains were collected, with the elements recovered in situ. Results confirm that the fossils in this unit can securely be attributed to two near‐complete skeletons of a juvenile male (MH1), which initially lay in the upper, laminated part of Facies D, and an adult female (MH2), deposited in the lower part of this facies. We propose a description of peri‐ and postmortem events based on the location and orientation of the fossils, using for the first time a 3D reconstruction of the postulated position in which the two hominins were deposited. Macro‐ and microscopic modifications of bone surfaces, and degree of preservation confirm that the individuals were washed into the deposit as articulated—or semi‐articulated—complete bodies, which were subaerially exposed for some time, and had reached natural mummification before being deposited within a debris flow.
An efficient study design to test parent‐of‐origin effects in family trios
Authors: Yu Xiaobo , Chen Gao , Feng Rui 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTIncreasing evidence has shown that genes may cause prenatal, neonatal, and pediatric diseases depending on their parental origins. Statistical models that incorporate parent‐of‐origin effects (POEs) can improve the power of detecting disease‐associated genes and help explain the missing heritability of diseases. In many studies, children have been sequenced for genome‐wide association testing. But it may become unaffordable to sequence their parents and evaluate POEs. Motivated by the reality, we proposed a budget‐friendly study design of sequencing children and only genotyping their parents through single nucleotide polymorphism array. We developed a powerful likelihood‐based method, which takes into account both sequence reads and linkage disequilibrium to infer the parental origins of children's alleles and estimate their POEs on the outcome. We evaluated the performance of our proposed method and compared it with an existing method using only genotypes, through extensive simulations. Our method showed higher power than the genotype‐based method. When either the mean read depth or the pair‐end length was reasonably large, our method achieved ideal power. When single parents’ genotypes were unavailable or parental genotypes at the testing locus were not typed, both methods lost power compared with when complete data were available; but the power loss from our method was smaller than the genotype‐based method. We also extended our method to accommodate mixed genotype, low‐, and high‐coverage sequence data from children and their parents. At presence of sequence errors, low‐coverage parental sequence data may lead to lower power than parental genotype data.
Accident analysis of gas cylinder handling work based on occupational injuries data
Authors: Kim Jeong Nam , Jeong Byung Yong , Park Myoung Hwan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study is concerned with the characteristics of occupational injuries and sick leave for gas cylinder handling workers. Possible incidents and sick leave have been identified and analyzed for 223 occupational accidents in the gas cylinder handling work. Management level of accidents for prioritizing prevention measures is induced for the combination of accident agencies, types, and gas cylinder handling work processes. Accidents occurring during the specific gas cylinder handling work process showed different characteristics, depending on the type and agency of the accident. Most critical accidents that require corrective actions for prevention were slips and trips caused by floors, walkways, steps, or ground surfaces and overexertion and bodily reaction and posture caused by gas cylinder in the manual delivery of heavy cylinders process. Also, fall to lower level caused by floors, walkways, steps, or ground surfaces in the loading to and unloading from vehicles process and struck by or against caused by fixtures in the manual delivery of heavy cylinders process were also ranked high. The findings of this study can be used to develop more effective accident prevention policies to reduce occupational accidents in gas cylinder handling works.
Etiologic and differential diagnostic significance of tumor location in the supraclavicular fossa
Authors: Franzen Achim , Günzel Thomas , Buchali Andre , Coordes Annekatrin 
Published: July 2017

ObjectivePatients presenting with a cervical mass are common for head and neck specialists and present a diagnostic challenge against the backdrop of a wide variety of etiologies. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the significance of a mass in the supraclavicular fossa for etiology, diagnostic procedure, and therapy.Study DesignIndividual retrospective cohort study.MethodsWe reviewed the data of 211 consecutive cases (116 male, 95 female) with excisional biopsy or tumor removal of a supraclavicular mass.ResultsIn 202 of 211 cases, a biopsy was taken from a lymph node. In 182 biopsies, a malignant lymphadenopathy was found (117 metastases, 65 malignant lymphoma). The histologic findings of metastatic diseases were adenocarcinoma (48), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (22). The majority of primary carcinomas were located below the clavicle (94), in the lung (32), in the breast (29), and in the head and neck region (18). In the left supraclavicular fossa, only metastases of the genitourinary tract were significantly more frequent (16 of 17). In nonmalignant tumors (29), tuberculosis (11) was most prevalent. In 79% of biopsies, the neck mass was the first manifestation of the disease.ConclusionThe location of a cervical mass in the supraclavicular fossa provides a strong indication of malignancy. A biopsy is mandatory in the majority of patients presenting with a supraclavicular mass. In cases of metastatic disease, the location of a cervical mass helps identify the primary site. Histologic findings are essential for further diagnostic steps, therapy, and prognosis.Level of Evidence4. Laryngoscope, 128:646–650, 2018
Body Mass Index Decline Is Related to Spinocerebellar Ataxia Disease Progression
Authors: Diallo Alhassane , Jacobi Heike , Schmitz‐Hübsch Tanja , Cook Arron , Labrum Robyn , Durr Alexandra , Brice Alexis , Charles Perrine , Marelli Cecilia , Mariotti Caterina , Nanetti Lorenzo , Panzeri Marta , Rakowicz Maria , Sobanska Anna , Sulek Anna , Schöls Ludger , Hengel Holger , Melegh Bela , Filla Alessandro , Antenora Antonella , Infante Jon , Berciano José , van de Warrenburg Bart P. , Timmann Dagmar , Boesch Sylvia , Pandolfo Massimo , Schulz Jörg B. , Bauer Peter , Giunti Paola , Baliko Laszlo , Parkinson Michael H. , Kang Jun‐Suk , Klockgether Thomas , Tezenas du Montcel Sophie 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundSpinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are dominantly inherited, progressive ataxia disorders. Disease progression could be preceded by weight loss.ObjectivesWe aimed to study the course of weight loss in patients who had the most common SCAs (SCA1, SCA2 SCA3, and SCA6). Additional objectives were to identify subgroups of weight evolution, to determine the factors influencing these evolutions, and to assess the impact of these evolutions on disease progression.MethodsIn total, 384 patients from the EUROSCA prospective cohort study were analyzed who had SCA1, SCA2, SCA3, or SCA6 and at least 3 measurements of weight. Age was used as a time scale. Clinical outcomes were body mass index (BMI) and the Scale for the Assessment and Rating Ataxia (SARA), with scores ranging from 0 to 40. We used a linear mixed model to analyze the course of BMI and a latent class mixed model to identify subgroup BMI evolution.ResultsOverall, BMI declined over time (−0.11 ± 0.03 kg/m2 per decade; P = 0.0009). Three subgroups of BMI evolution were identified: “decreasing BMI” (n = 88; 23%), “increasing BMI” (n = 70; 18%) and “stable BMI” (n = 226; 59%). Patients in the decreasing BMI group were more severely affected at baseline with higher SARA scores and a higher frequency of non‐ataxia signs (especially motor symptoms) compared with those in the other groups. Weight loss was associated with faster disease progression (5.7 ± 0.7 SARA points per decade; P = 0.036).ConclusionsThe current data have substantial implications for the design of future interventional studies in SCA, as they provide a basis for patient stratification and emphasize the usefulness of BMI as a biomarker for monitoring disease progression.
Automation of pattern recognition analysis of dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI data to characterize intratumoral vascular heterogeneity
Authors: Han SoHyun , Stoyanova Radka , Lee Hansol , Carlin Sean D. , Koutcher Jason A. , Cho HyungJoon , Ackerstaff Ellen 
Published: July 2017

PurposeTo automate dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI) data analysis by unsupervised pattern recognition (PR) to enable spatial mapping of intratumoral vascular heterogeneity.MethodsThree steps were automated. First, the arrival time of the contrast agent at the tumor was determined, including a calculation of the precontrast signal. Second, four criteria‐based algorithms for the slice‐specific selection of number of patterns (NP) were validated using 109 tumor slices from subcutaneous flank tumors of five different tumor models. The criteria were: half area under the curve, standard deviation thresholding, percent signal enhancement, and signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). The performance of these criteria was assessed by comparing the calculated NP with the visually determined NP. Third, spatial assignment of single patterns and/or pattern mixtures was obtained by way of constrained nonnegative matrix factorization.ResultsThe determination of the contrast agent arrival time at the tumor slice was successfully automated. For the determination of NP, the SNR‐based approach outperformed other selection criteria by agreeing >97% with visual assessment. The spatial localization of single patterns and pattern mixtures, the latter inferring tumor vascular heterogeneity at subpixel spatial resolution, was established successfully by automated assignment from DCE‐MRI signal‐versus‐time curves.ConclusionThe PR‐based DCE‐MRI analysis was successfully automated to spatially map intratumoral vascular heterogeneity. Magn Reson Med 79:1736–1744, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
CO2 Cycloaddition to Epoxides by using M‐DABCO Metal–Organic Frameworks and the Influence of the Synthetic Method on Catalytic Reactivity
Authors: Mousavi Bibimaryam , Chaemchuen Somboon , Moosavi Behrooz , Zhou Kui , Yusubov Mekhman , Verpoort Francis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA series of high‐quality M2(BDC)2(DABCO) metal–organic frameworks (abbreviated as M‐DABCO; M=Zn, Co, Ni, Cu; BDC=1,4‐benzene dicarboxylate; DABCO=1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane), were synthesized by using a solvothermal (SV) method, and their catalytic activity for the cycloaddition of CO2 to epoxides in the absence of a co‐catalyst or solvent was demonstrated. Of these metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), Zn‐DABCO exhibited very high activity and nearly complete selectivity under moderate reaction conditions. The other members of this MOF series (Co‐DABCO, Ni‐DABCO, and Cu‐DABCO) displayed lower activity in the given sequence. Samples of Zn‐DABCO, Co‐DABCO, and Ni‐DABCO were recycled at least three times without a noticeable loss in catalytic activity. The reaction mechanism can be attributed to structural defects along with the acid–base bifunctional characteristics of these MOFs. Moreover, we illustrate that the synthetic method of M‐DABCO influences the yield of the reaction. In addition to the SV method, Zn‐DABCO was synthesized by using spray drying due to its industrial attractiveness. It was found that the synthesis procedure clearly influenced the crystal growth and thus the physicochemical properties, such as surface area, pore volume, and gas adsorption, which in turn affected the catalytic performance. The results clarified that although different synthetic methods can produce isostructural MOFs, the application of MOFs, especially as catalysts, strongly depends on the crystal morphology and textural properties and, therefore, on the synthesis method.