bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Managing Anaphylaxis in the Office Setting
Authors: Cingi Cemal , Wallace Dana , Muluk Nuray Bayar , Ebisawa Motohiro , Castells Mariana , Şahin Ethem , Altintoprak Niyazi 
Published: July 2016

Background Although the definition of anaphylaxis for clinical use may vary by professional health care organizations and individuals, the definition consistently includes the concepts of a serious, generalized or systemic, allergic or hypersensitivity reaction that can be life-threatening or even fatal. Methods In this review, we presented the important topics in the treatment of anaphylaxis in the office setting. This review will discuss triggers and risk factors, clinical diagnosis, and management of anaphylaxis in the office setting. Results Anaphylaxis in the office setting is a medical emergency. It, therefore, is important to prepare for it, to have a posted, written anaphylaxis emergency protocol, and to rehearse the plan regularly. In this review, we presented the important steps in managing anaphylaxis in the office. Treatment of anaphylaxis should start with epinephrine administered intramuscularly at the first sign of anaphylaxis. Oxygen and intravenous fluids may be needed for moderate-to-severe anaphylaxis or anaphylaxis that is quickly developing or if the patient is unresponsive to the first injection of epinephrine. Antihistamine therapy is considered adjunctive to epinephrine, which mainly relieves itching and urticaria. Corticosteroids, with an onset of action of 4–6 hours, have no immediate effect on anaphylaxis. Conclusion To prevent near-fatal and fatal reactions from anaphylaxis, the patient, the family, and the physician must remember to follow the necessary steps when treating anaphylaxis. In anaphylaxis, there is no absolute contraindication for epinephrine.
Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartomas: An Increasingly Common Diagnosis in the Setting of Nasal Polyps
Authors: Davison Wesley L. , Pearlman Aaron N. , Donatelli Luke A. , Conley Lindsey M. 
Published: July 2016

Background Respiratory epithelial adenomatoid hamartomas (REAH) are benign nose neoplasms found in the nasal cavity and sinuses. Symptoms include anosmia, nasal obstruction, facial pressure, and rhinorrhea. Although previously thought to be rare, these tumors are being increasingly recognized on pathology in patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery. However, REAH is difficult to diagnose before surgery because it may mimic other entities, such as nasal polyps or inverted papilloma, and is often found incidentally only after surgery. Objective The aims of this study were to (1) add an additional case series of REAH to the literature, (2) report unique imaging findings on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and (3) pool and summarize all available data from existing publications. Methods Retrospective chart review from years 2004 to 2015 and a literature review Results Twenty-three cases were found in our case series, which included 12 men (52%) and 11 women (48%), with a mean age of 59 years. No cases were found before 2007. Lund-Mackay scores were comparable with those found in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyposis. Imaging consistently demonstrated a discoid-shaped mass at the olfactory cleft. Fifty previous publications were found (4 prospective, 11 retrospective studies, 9 case series, 26 cases reports), which included 660 patients diagnosed with REAH. Pooled data revealed a mean age of 54 years (range, 9–86 years) and a male to female ratio of 3:2. Conclusion The results of our study further refined the average age at which REAH diagnosis occurs as 54 years old, although it may occur at any age. There is a clear male-to-female predominance (3:2). In addition, olfactory cleft widening and discoid soft tissue at the olfactory cleft are hallmark radiographic findings. The vast majority of published cases occurred during the past 4 years, which indicated increased recognition of REAH.
New Allergen Sensitization Might be Associated with Increased Body Mass Index in Children
Authors: Lee Eun Jung , Kim Jeong Hong , Lee Keun-Hwa , Hong Seong-Chul , Lee Hye-Sook , Kang Ju Wan 
Published: July 2016

Background Results of previous studies have shown a relationship between obesity and allergic diseases. However, concrete evidence about the association between obesity and allergies has been lacking. Objective The present study aimed to evaluate the potential association between body mass index (BMI) and the change in sensitization on skin-prick tests in children over a 2-year follow-up period. Methods Children in first and second grade from six elementary schools were recruited in 2010. The same participants, now in third and fourth grade, were recruited again in 2012. The enrolled children underwent skin-prick tests and physical examinations in 2010 and again in 2012. Results Four hundred fourteen children (boys to girls, 208 to 206) were included. Among 414 participants, 73 children showed new sensitization and 24 children showed negative conversion of allergic sensitization after 2 years. One hundred sixty-one children showed positive results on both tests, and 156 children showed negative results on both tests. The mean (standard deviation) change in BMI (1.09 ± 1.81 kg/m2) over a 2-year follow-up in newly sensitized children was significantly greater than that of other groups (p = 0.008). Conclusion Children who became newly sensitized to allergens tended to exhibit significant increases in BMI. Therefore, further evaluation of the relationship between obesity and allergy is needed.
Burden of Illness: A Systematic Review of Depression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Schlosser Rodney J. , Gage Selby E. , Kohli Preeti , Soler Zachary M. 
Published: July 2016

Background Depression has been reported in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but its prevalence varies across studies, and uncertainty remains regarding the association with baseline disease severity and treatment outcomes. Objective To systematically assess the prevalence of depression in CRS and to review its relationship to baseline disease severity and outcomes after treatment. Methods A systematic review of the prevalence of possible depression was performed by using the available methods to diagnose depression, and the results were pooled. Studies that examined the relationship of depression on baseline disease severity and treatment outcomes were organized and reported individually. Results Thirteen studies met inclusion criteria for prevalence analysis. The prevalence of possible or likely depression in patients with CRS ranged from 11.0 to 40.0%, depending on the method of diagnosis and sensitivity of various depression instruments. Positive depression screening was consistently associated with worse CRS-specific quality of life (QOL), medication usage, and health care utilization, but there were no reliable CRS-specific factors to predict the presence of depression. Patients with possible depression who underwent medical or surgical treatment for CRS tended to have improvements in CRS-specific QOL but did not achieve the same degree of QOL as patients who were not depressed. Depression-specific QOL seemed to improve after treatment for CRS. Conclusion Positive depression screening was common in patients with CRS and had a negative association on the entire spectrum of QOL, health care utilization, and productivity. CRS-specific treatments were still beneficial in patients who seemed to be depressed and improved both depression-specific and CRS-specific QOL.
An Atypical Splenic B Cell Progenitor Population Supports Antibody Production during Plasmodium Infection in Mice
Authors: Ghosh Debopam , Wikenheiser Daniel J. , Kennedy Brian , McGovern Kathryn E. , Stuart Johnasha D. , Wilson Emma H. , Stumhofer Jason S. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) function to replenish the immune cell repertoire under steady-state conditions and in response to inflammation due to infection or stress. Whereas the bone marrow serves as the primary niche for hematopoiesis, extramedullary mobilization and differentiation of HSPCs occur in the spleen during acute Plasmodium infection, a critical step in the host immune response. In this study, we identified an atypical HSPC population in the spleen of C57BL/6 mice, with a lineage−Sca-1+c-Kit− (LSK−) phenotype that proliferates in response to infection with nonlethal Plasmodium yoelii 17X. Infection-derived LSK− cells upon transfer into naive congenic mice were found to differentiate predominantly into mature follicular B cells. However, when transferred into infection-matched hosts, infection-derived LSK− cells gave rise to B cells capable of entering into a germinal center reaction, and they developed into memory B cells and Ab-secreting cells that were capable of producing parasite-specific Abs. Differentiation of LSK− cells into B cells in vitro was enhanced in the presence of parasitized RBC lysate, suggesting that LSK− cells expand and differentiate in direct response to the parasite. However, the ability of LSK− cells to differentiate into B cells was not dependent on MyD88, as myd88−/− LSK− cell expansion and differentiation remained unaffected after Plasmodium infection. Collectively, these data identify a population of atypical lymphoid progenitors that differentiate into B lymphocytes in the spleen and are capable of contributing to the ongoing humoral immune response against Plasmodium infection.
Platelet-Derived Ectosomes Reduce NK Cell Function
Authors: Sadallah Salima , Schmied Laurent , Eken Ceylan , Charoudeh Hojjatollah Nozad , Amicarella Francesca , Schifferli Jürg A. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Platelet (PLT) transfusions are potentially life saving for individuals with low PLT numbers; however, previous work revealed that PLT transfusions are associated with increased infection risk. During storage, PLT intended for transfusion continuously shed ectosomes (Ecto) from their surface, which express immunomodulatory molecules like phosphatidylserine or TGF-β1. Recently, PLT-Ecto were shown to reduce proinflammatory cytokine release by macrophages and to favor the differentiation of naive T cells toward regulatory T cells. Whether PLT-Ecto modify NK cells remains unclear. We exposed purified NK cells and full PBMCs from healthy donors to PLT-Ecto. We found a reduced expression of several activating surface receptors (NKG2D, NKp30, and DNAM-1) and decreased NK cell function, as measured by CD107a expression and IFN-γ production. Pretreatment of PLT-Ecto with anti–TGF-β1 neutralizing Ab restored surface receptor expression and NK cell function. We further observed a TGF-β1–mediated upregulation of miR-183, which, in turn, reduced DAP12, an important protein for stabilization and downstream signaling of several activating NK cell receptors. Again, these effects could antagonized, in part, when PLT-Ecto were preincubated with anti–TGF-β1 Ab. Erythrocyte Ecto did not affect NK cells. Polymorphonuclear cell Ecto expressed MHC class I and inhibited NK cell function. In addition, they induced the secretion of TGF-β1 by NK cells, which participated in an auto/paracrine manner in the suppressive activity of polymorphonuclear cell–derived Ecto. In sum, our study showed that PLT-Ecto could inhibit NK cell effector function in a TGF-β1–dependent manner, suggesting that recipients of PLT transfusions may experience reduced NK cell function.
YY1 Regulates the Germinal Center Reaction by Inhibiting Apoptosis
Authors: Trabucco Sally E. , Gerstein Rachel M. , Zhang Hong 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The germinal center (GC) reaction produces high-affinity Abs for a robust adaptive immune response. When dysregulated, the same processes cause GC B cells to become susceptible to lymphomagenesis. It is important to understand how the GC reaction is regulated. In this study, we show that transcription factor YY1 is required to maintain a robust GC reaction in mice. Selective ablation of YY1 significantly decreased in the frequency and number of GC B cells during the GC reaction. This decrease of GC B cells was accompanied by increased apoptosis in these cells. Furthermore, we found that loss of YY1 disrupted the balance between dark zones and light zones, leading to a preferential decrease in dark zone cells. Collectively, these results indicate that YY1 plays an important role in regulating the balance between dark zone and light zone cells in GCs and between survival and death of GC B cells.
Reliability of a Proposed Ultrasonographic Grading Scale for Severity of Primary Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Mortada Mohamed , Zeid Ayman , Al-Toukhy Mirvat Abd El-hamid , Ezzeldin Nillie , Elgawish M. 
Published: July 2016

Objectives The objective of this study was to examine the concordance of a grading scale (0–4) of medial femoral osteophytes in knee joint detected by ultrasound (US) compared with the corresponding grades (0–4) of Kellgren–Lawrence (K&L) scale of conventional radiography and clinical joint examination. Patients and Methods A cross-sectional observational study included 160 patients with knee pain who fulfilled the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria for knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and 20 patients with knee pain who have not fulfilled the ACR criteria for KOA. All patients were subjected to clinical assessment (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Index of Osteoarthritis and global visual analog scale) and radiological assessment in the form of X-ray grading according to K&L grading scale and ultrasonographic assessment of medial femoral osteophytes according to a scale that was proposed by the first author and consisted of five grades (0–4), where grade 0 denoted no osteoarthritis and grade 4 denoted the most advanced grade of KOA. Grade 2 was divided into two subgrades A and B with grade 2B considered as a more advanced stage than grade 2A. Results The proposed US grading scale had high sensitivity and specificity in detecting the different grades of KOA compared with K&L grading scale (a total sensitivity of 94.6% and a total specificity of 93.3%). Intra- and interreader reliability of US was excellent (kappa >0.93 and >0.85, respectively). Conclusions US can reliably detect the severity of KOA. Good agreement was found between the proposed US grading scale and K&L grading scale. The proposed US grading scale is simple and reliable.
Volume 7 Issue 2
Authors: Creagh Tracy , Clarke John , Nelson Karen 
Published: July 2016

The continuing interest and commitment to improving the student experience in the tertiary sector was reflected in yet another successful Students, Transitions, Achievement, Retention and Success (STARS) Conference recently held in Perth, Western Australia (June 29-July 2, 2016). As is customary, this issue of the journal publishes the top research papers selected via a peer review process and the top Emerging Initiatives selected by the Conference Committee. As well, a Good Practice Report was selected for this issue. The Invited Feature in this issue republishes an article from Professor Sally Kift, President of the Australian Learning and Teaching Fellows (and one of the Editors of Student Success). The statement draws on and is representative of the national reaction to the closure of the OLT, highlighting the substantial role it has played in developing and disseminating innovation and good practice in tertiary teaching and learning.
Five years of FYE: Evolution, outcomes and lessons learned from an institutional program
Authors: McKenzie Jo , Egea Kathy 
Published: July 2016

The University of Technology Sydney First Year Experience program is an institution-wide, systematic approach to supporting the transition, retention and success of first year students from low socio-economic status backgrounds, within a philosophy that good practice for these students is good practice for all students. The program is based on third-generation first year practice and transition pedagogies. It includes central and faculty coordinators, small grants and learning communities enabling the development, embedding and sharing of transition practice in the curriculum. This good practice report describes the program, its evolution over five years and its impacts on academic and professional staff engagement and improving the success of students from low socio-economic status backgrounds. Lessons learned about the importance of central and local coordination, sharing practice underpinned by a scholarly framework and the use of data and strategic alignment are highlighted.
Revision of Goodyera rubicunda (Orchidaceae: Goodyerinae)
Authors: Juswara Lina Susanti , Ormerod Paul 
Published: July 2016

The Goodyera rubicunda complex has broad morphological variation of the floral parts. A revision of the
G. rubicunda complex was conducted and three intraspecific groups were recognised; G. rubicunda var. rubicunda
which is the widespread variety, G. rubicunda var. triandra, and G. rubicunda var. australis var. nov. Herein, we
propose the variety G. rubicunda var. australis from Australia and Papua New Guinea as newly described.
Tidal mixing signatures in the Indonesian seas from high‐resolution sea surface temperature data
Authors: Ray Richard D. , Susanto R. Dwi 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe presence of significant tidal mixing in the Indonesian seas is well established from both observations and numerical modeling. One indicator is a clear spring‐neap cycle in satellite sea surface temperature (SST) measurements, as first shown by Ffield and Gordon. Their early results are here updated with SST data of considerably higher spatial and temporal resolution. The largest fortnightly signals are found to be localized to relatively small straits, channels, and sills, while the deep basin of the Banda Sea displays little significant signal. A broader region of somewhat enhanced signal surrounds the Seram Sea. The high resolution of the modern SST data is especially critical for mapping the complex fortnightly signals that arise in, and especially south of, the major straits of the Lesser Sunda Island chain.
Long‐range transport of NH3, CO, HCN, and C2H6 from the 2014 Canadian Wildfires
Authors: Lutsch E. , Dammers E. , Conway S. , Strong K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report the first long‐term measurements of ammonia (NH3) in the high Arctic. Enhancements of the total columns of NH3, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), and ethane (C2H6) were detected in July and August 2014 at Eureka, Nunavut, and Toronto, Ontario. Enhancements were attributed to fires in the Northwest Territories using the FLEXPART Lagrangian dispersion model and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer Fire Hot Spot data set. Emission estimates are reported as average emission factors for HCN (0.62 ± 0.34 g kg−1), C2H6 (1.50 ± 0.75 g kg−1), and NH3 (1.40 ± 0.72 g kg−1). Observations of NH3 at both sites demonstrate long‐range transport of NH3, with an estimated NH3 lifetime of 48 h. We also conclude that boreal fires may be an important source of NH3 in the summertime Arctic.
Forward modeling of δ18O in Andean ice cores
Authors: Hurley J. V. , Vuille M. , Hardy D. R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTropical ice core archives are among the best dated and highest resolution from the tropics, but a thorough understanding of processes that shape their isotope signature as well as the simulation of observed variability remain incomplete. To address this, we develop a tropical Andean ice core isotope forward model from in situ hydrologic observations and satellite water vapor isotope measurements. A control simulation of snow δ18O captures the mean and seasonal trend but underestimates the observed intraseasonal variability. The simulation of observed variability is improved by including amount effects associated with South American cold air incursions, linking synoptic‐scale disturbances and monsoon dynamics to tropical ice core δ18O. The forward model was calibrated with and run under present‐day conditions but can also be driven with past climate forcings to reconstruct paleomonsoon variability. The model is transferable and may be used to render a (paleo)climatic context at other ice core locations.
The Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL)
Authors: Frey H. U. , Mende S. B. , Harris S. E. , Heetderks H. , Takahashi Y. , Su H.‐T. , Hsu R.‐R. , Chen A. B. , Fukunishi H. , Chang Y.‐S. , Lee L.‐C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe Imager for Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning (ISUAL) was the first specifically dedicated instrument to observe lightning‐induced transient luminous events (TLE): sprites, elves, halos, and gigantic jets from space. The Imager is an intensified CCD system operating in the visible wavelength region with a filter wheel to select from six positions with filters. The Imager has a 5° × 20° (vertical times horizontal) field of view. The spectrophotometer (SP) is populated with six photometers with individual filters for emissions from the far ultraviolet to the near infrared. An array photometer with two channels operating in the blue and red provides altitude profiles of the emission over 16 altitude bins each. The Associated Electronics Package (AEP) controls instrument functions and interfaces with the spacecraft. ISUAL was launched 21 May 2004 into a Sun‐synchronous 890 km orbit on the Formosat‐2 satellite and has successfully been collecting data ever since. ISUAL is running on the nightside of the orbit and is pointed to the east of the orbit down toward the limb. The instrument runs continuously and writes data to a circular buffer. Whenever the SP detects a sudden signal increase above a preset threshold, a trigger signal is generated that commands the system to keep the data for about 400 ms starting from ~50 ms before the trigger. Over its lifetime of ~11 years the system recorded thousands of TLE and also successfully observed aurora and airglow.
Equatorial ionospheric plasma drifts and O+ concentration enhancements associated with disturbance dynamo during the 2015 St. Patrick's Day magnetic storm
Authors: Huang Chao‐Song , Wilson Gordon R. , Hairston Marc R. , Zhang Yongliang , Wang Wenbin , Liu Jing 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDisturbance dynamo is an important dynamic process during magnetic storms. However, very few direct observations of dynamo‐induced plasma drifts and ion composition changes in the equatorial ionosphere are available. In this study, we use measurements of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) satellites to identify the characteristics of the disturbance dynamo process in the topside equatorial ionosphere near dawn during the magnetic storm with a minimum Dst of −223 nT on 17 March 2015. Data from four DMSP satellites with equatorial crossings at 0245, 0430, 0630, and 0730 LT are available for this case. The dynamo process was first observed in the postmidnight sector 3–4.7 h after the beginning of the storm main phase and lasted for 31 h, covering the second storm intensification and the initial 20 h of the recovery phase. The dynamo vertical ion drift was upward (up to 150–200 m s−1) in the postmidnight sector and downward (up to ~80 m s−1) in the early morning sector. The dynamo zonal ion drift was westward at these locations and reached ~100 m s−1. The dynamo process caused large enhancements of the O+ concentration (the ratio of the oxygen ion density to the total ion density) at the altitude of 840 km near dawn. The O+ concentration increased from below 60% during the prestorm period to 80–90% during the storm time. More specifically, the O+ density was increased, and the H+ density was decreased. The variations of the O+ concentration were well correlated with the vertical ion drift.