bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foreskin Morbidity in Uncircumcised Males
Authors: Sneppen Ida , Thorup Jørgen 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE:
As a consequence of the discussion on whether the health benefits of newborn male circumcision outweigh the risks and the discrepancies in reported figures of complications, we evaluated the incidence and morbidity of foreskin surgery due to medical indications in boys from the Capital Region of Denmark in 2014.

METHODS:
Medical records from all boys operated on the foreskin due to medical reasons in the Capital Region in 2014 were reviewed. Patients with hypospadias, ritual circumcision, and redo-surgery because of complications to nontherapeutic circumcision were excluded.

RESULTS:
A total of 181 patients were included. The cumulative risk of undergoing foreskin operation before 18 years of age was 1.7%. Forty patients had histologic verified balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) corresponding to a total risk of 0.37% of developing BXO. Mean age at surgery was 10.1 years (range 1–17). Phimosis was the most frequently reported indication (95.0%). The remaining 5.0% underwent surgery because of frenulum breve causing problems during erection. Before surgery, 27.1% had foreskin-related voiding problems and 17.1% had at least 1 episode of balanitis. Circumcision was initially performed in 44 cases. The remaining 137 patients had a foreskin-preserving operation performed. Nine boys had secondary circumcision after initially having foreskin-preserving operation. Fifty patients initially had preputial histology performed. BXO was verified in 37 patients. Of the 9 patients with redo-surgery due to recurrent phimosis, a further 3 had histologically verified BXO.

CONCLUSIONS:
Childhood foreskin-related problems in a region with no tradition of newborn male circumcision should not be neglected.
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ СТРУКТУРА НАСЕЛЕНИЯ ПАНЦИРНЫХ КЛЕЩЕЙ (КАРЬЕР «ОСНОВНОЙ», ДОНЕЦКАЯ ОБЛАСТЬ)
Authors: Zhtirts A. D. 
Published: April 2016

<p>In the successional recovery processes of quarry-spoiled systems soil-living oribatide mites, who are one of the pioneer groups inhabiting anthropogenically transformed areas, play a significant role. The aim of our study was to research composition and characteristics of oribatide mites ecological community structure of the ‘Osnovnoy’ quarry (PJSC ‘HeidelbergCement Ukraine’) in Amvrosievsky district of Donetsk region.</p> <p>The material was collected in 2012. In total, 37 standard soil samples of 250 cm<sup>3</sup> were collected, from which 1086 adult specimen, who belong to 61 species, were extracted in April. The collection of soil samples and forcing of oribatides in thermoelectors was conducted by the conventional method of E. M. Bulanovа-Zahvatkinа. To analyze the communities domination structure the gradations of dominance by the means of G. Engelmann scale was used. The analysis of the oribatides morpho-ecological types distribution was held in accordance to the work of D. A. Krivolutsky. To assess the ecological diversity of oribatides communities the indices of Shannon, Pielou, Simpson and Margalef were used.</p> <p>On the territory of the «Osnovnoy» quarry, a specific complex with a unique oribatid species composition was detected (two new species were found for the fauna of Ukraine noted earlier for the steppes of Mongolia: <em>Ghilarovus khentiicus</em> Bayartogtokh, Smelyansky, 2007 and <em>Hemileius humeralis</em> Perez-Inigo, 1990).</p> <p>During the analysis of the oribatide communities ecological structure low rates of average population density (7280-11410 ind./m<sup>2</sup>) were observed with high species wealth (61 species found). The maximum figure made up in spring, the minimum – in summer.</p> <p>The ecological diversity indexes are quite high, thus the maximum for Shannon index in spring is 2.89, which is comparable to that of the conserved areas.</p> <p>The quarry dominant species are <em>Multioppia glabra, Protoribates capucinus, Tectocepheus velatus, Scheloribates laevigatus, </em>and<em> Zygoribatula frisiae</em>. A distinctive feature of the oribatid mites’ population structure at the technogenic landscape is the presence of a large number of rare species, especially in spring, which is comparable to that in the undisturbed grassland ecosystems.</p> <p>In the oribatid life forms spectrum the presence of all morpho-ecological types is noted, which is a key feature for intact landscapes. In summer and autumn period a clear predominance of secondary specialized forms, typical for anthropogenic landscapes, was observed; in spring the structure is more aligned, and the residents of small soil wells make up a significant part of the population.</p> <p><em>Key words: oribatid mites, </em><em>ecological structure</em><em>, </em><em>ecological community</em><em>, </em><em>technogenic ecosystems</em><em>.</em></p>
ВПЛИВ МОЗАЇЧНОГО РОЗМІЩЕННЯ СОРТІВ ОЗИМОЇ ПШЕНИЦІ НА АГРОРІЗНОМАНІТТЯ
Authors: Moskalets T. Z. 
Published: April 2016

<p>We studied the introductions of cultivars and lines of wheat soft winter wheat that are adaptive to specific physical and climatic conditions ecotopes regards forest-steppe and Polissia ecotypes by ecological and biological characteristics. We also determined their influence on formation of the diversity and productivity of agricultural ecosystems. It was established that mosaic planting pattern of winter wheat allows to get a high yield (up to 9 t/ha) and of strong and superstrong wheat (Ariivka, L 4696/96, KC-5, KC-7, KC-14, KC-22, Yuvivata 60, etc.) in comparison to monocultivar technology. Some genotypes, namely Yuvivata 60, Ariiivka KC-22, KC-7 have moderate and high resistance towards complex diseases. The mosaic planting pattern of cultivars is the important factor of increasing the diversity and strengthening the links in agricultural ecosystems.</p> <p>Based on the long-term ecological research of genetic forms of winter soft wheat in different ecotopes and comparing them by major agronomic features with cultivar-standards we selected some promising cultivars and lines. We suggested the semi dwarf, medium-grown productive, and high adaptive genotypes of wheat soft winter, like Prydesnianska, Ariiivka, Nosshpa 100, КС-5, КС-7, КС-14, КС-21, КС-22, Yuvivata 60, Zoriana Nosivska, КС-16, КС-17, Л9646/96.</p> <p><em>Key words:</em><strong><em> </em></strong><em>agrodiversity, genotype, wheat soft winter, address introduction<strong> </strong></em></p>
ВПЛИВ ІМУНОМОДУЛЯТОРІВ ПРИРОДНОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ НА КОНЦЕНТРАЦІЮ ПРОТЕЇНОВИХ ФРАКЦІЙ ТА РІВЕНЬ КОРТИЗОЛУ У ПЛАЗМІ КРОВІ КРОЛИКІВ ЗА УМОВ СТРЕСУ
Authors: Grabovskyi S. S. , Grabovska O. S. 
Published: April 2016

<p>The results of determination of protein fractions, cortisol content in blood of rabbits, which further added to the feed of natural origin biologically active substances are presented in the article. As an antistressors and immunomodulators in pre-slaughter period are using of spleen extract biologically active substances were obtained with ultrasound application. The purpose of research — determination of changes of protein fractions, cortisol content in rabbits blood before slaughter and their correction of natural origin biologically active substances (spleen extract).</p> <p>Object and research methods. The experiment was conducted on 15 rabbits with standard diet. Three groups of rabbits five month of age (5 rabbits each) was formed for research. The spleen extract were using as an biologically active substances to the feed rabbits in pre-slaughter period (five days before slaughter). The extracts were applied to feed by aerosol method (70 °alcohol solution of spleen extract volume of 1.4 ml per rabbit) (group I). The rabbits (group II) received to the feed in the same way of 70 °alcohol solution in the same volume. The control group rabbits received the standard feed in the same volume. The feed eating by rabbits was exercised daily. The rabbits ate food completely. The rabbits slaughter was carried out in the morning. The blood plasma protein fractions separation was carried out by horizontal electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel (PAAG).</p> <p class="Default">Mathematical treatment of the research results worked statistically using the software package Statistica 6.0 and Microsoft Excel for Windows XP. Probability differences was assessed by Student t-test and results considered likely at P ≤ 0.05.</p> <p>Results and discussion. We measured the ratio of blood plasma protein fractions of rabbits, which in addition to the feed fed of natural origin biologically active substances. As a result of research was found that aerosol introduction of the spleen extract to the rabbits feed increases the Prealbumin concentration in rabbits blood plasma of two experimental groups twice (P ≤ 0.05) and 2.8 times (P ≤ 0.01) compared to the control.</p> <p>Cortisol level in rabbits (which further added to the feed of spleen extract (I research group) blood plasma was reliable lower by 40 % (Р&lt;0.05) compared to control, that may to indicate decreasing of stress before slaughter. On the rabbits feeding final stage is necessary to consider a pre-slaughter stress and to apply of natural origin biologically active substances. The results which obtained can to use in researches of stress hormones, such as cortisol, on farm animals for organism resistance increasing, correction and avoid their pre-slaughter stress and improve product quality.</p>
Lepanthes miraculum (Orchidaceae), a new addition to the Peruvian orchid flora
Authors: Collantes Benjamín , Ochoa Julio G. , Martel Carlos , Thoerle Lisa 
Published: April 2016

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p><span>Lepanthes miraculum</span><span>, conocido de una localidad en Bolivia, es reportado en Machu Picchu al Sur </span><span>del Perú. Se incluyen ilustraciones, figuras y notas sobre los especímenes encontrados en Perú y se les compara </span><span>con los conocidos de Bolivia. </span></p></div></div></div>
A Study on the Correlation of Leadership Styles and the Political Behaviours of Employees in Workplaces
Authors: Erdem Mustafa , Alayoglu Nihat 
Published: April 2016

Contemporary companies are giving considerable importance to satisfaction of their internal customers as well as satisfying their exterior customers by their goods and products. In tis context, employer branding- an important concept developed by Simon Borrow- has been accepted as one of the most important developments of 1990s and myriad of companies has started to give importance to the mentioned point (Tüzüner, et al., 2009). Difficulties in finding talented employees, has made employer branding popular especially in service sector (Berthon vd. 2005; Knox and Freeman, 2006). According to information supplied from career portals, nowadays the highest number of job applications are being made to banking sector hence we were curious about this spesific sector in our study. Main sample of this study is composed of applicants that made job application to Albaraka Türk Participation Bank in the last three months prior to the design of this study. Aim of the study is measuring effects of employer branding dimensions in these applicant’s applicaitons behaviours and analyzing the relationship between their brand perceptions related to Albarak Türk Participation Bank and their levels of education and job experiences. With these purposes we used Berthon’s Employer Attractiveness Scale. Our survey has been applied to 500 job applicants from various education and experience levels and we used easy sampling method in choosing these applicants. Our survey, composed of 25 questions and Likert answer key with 7 answers has been brought to applicants via email and results have been analyzed by SPSS program. Our findings showed that rather than experience leves, education levels makes difference in appilicants perceptions about employer brand of the bank.
Longitudinal Change of Medial and Lateral Patellar Stiffness After Reconstruction of the Medial Patellofemoral Ligament for Patients with Recurrent Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Kumahashi Nobuyuki , Kuwata Suguru , Takuwa Hiroshi , Egusa Norimasa , Uchio Yuji 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Longitudinal changes in patellar stiffness following reconstruction of the medial patellofemoral ligament for recurrent patellar dislocation at full extension are unknown.

Methods:
Fifteen consecutive patients (three men and twelve women, with a mean age of twenty-two years) with seventeen knees were matched by sex and age to thirty-two reference subjects in this prospective study. The follow-up period was a minimum of twenty-four months. The medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction used an autograft semitendinosus tendon and an interference screw system with or without lateral release under 10 N of laterally directed force. The medial patellar stiffness and lateral patellar stiffness were measured in 0° of knee extension using the Patella Stability Tester preoperatively; postoperatively at three, six, twelve, and eighteen months; and at the time of the latest follow-up. Before and after the surgical procedure, patients were evaluated for apprehension and Kujala and Lysholm scores; radiographic examinations were performed to evaluate changes, including osteoarthritic changes.

Results:
The medial stiffness of the affected side before the surgical procedure was significantly lower than the lateral stiffness (p = 0.004) and the stiffness for healthy reference knees (p = 0.004). Medial stiffness three months after the surgical procedure was significantly elevated compared with lateral values (p = 0.027), preoperative values (p < 0.001), and reference group values (p = 0.002); reached the reference level by six months; and was maintained for up to two years. Furthermore, medial stiffness and lateral stiffness were well balanced after six months and this balance was sustained for up to two years postoperatively. No recurrent dislocation occurred during the follow-up period; one patient experienced apprehension. Postoperative radiographic findings and clinical scores were significantly improved at the time of the latest follow-up (p < 0.05). One knee progressed to patellofemoral osteoarthritis.

Conclusions:
The value for medial stiffness was significantly improved three months after medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction compared with the preoperative and lateral values and returned to the reference level by six months. Medial stiffness and lateral stiffness of the patella were well balanced by six months and retained that balance for up to two years, with good clinical results.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Anatomical Course of the Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve with Special Attention to the Anterior Approach to the Hip Joint
Authors: Rudin Diana , Manestar Mirjana , Ullrich Oliver , Erhardt Johannes , Grob Karl 
Published: April 2016

Background:
Injury to the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (LFCN) is a risk during the operative anterior approach to the hip joint. Although several anatomical studies have described the proximal course of the nerve in relation to the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) and the inguinal ligament, the distal course of the LFCN in the proximal aspect of the thigh has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of this cadaveric study was to examine the branching pattern of the nerve, with special consideration to the anterior approach to the hip joint.

Methods:
Twenty-eight cadaveric hemipelves from 18 donors (10 paired and 8 unpaired specimens) were dissected. The LFCN branches were localized proximal to the inguinal ligament and traced distally into the area of the proximal aspect of the thigh. Distribution patterns of the nerve with respect to its relationship to the ASIS and the internervous plane of the anterior approach to the hip joint were recorded.

Results:
We found 3 different branching patterns of the LFCN: sartorius-type (in 36% of the specimens), characterized by a dominant anterior nerve branch coursing along the lateral border of the sartorius muscle with no, or only a thin, posterior branch; posterior-type (in 32%), characterized by a strong posterior nerve branch; and fan-type (in 32%), characterized by multiple spreading nerve branches of equal thickness. In 50% of the specimens, the LFCN divided into ≥2 branches superior to the inguinal ligament. Sixty-two percent of the LFCN branches entered the proximal aspect of the thigh medial to the ASIS; 27%, above; and 11%, lateral to the ASIS. The LFCN consistently coursed within the deep layer of the subcutaneous fat tissue.

Conclusions:
Injury to branches of the LFCN cannot be avoided in approximately one-third of surgical dissections that use the anterior approach to the hip joint. To protect the anterior branch of the LFCN, the skin incision should be as lateral as possible. The posterior branch of the LFCN is most vulnerable in the proximal aspect of the anterior approach to the hip joint, where it can be expected to course within the deep layer of the subcutaneous tissue.
Viscosupplementation in Knee Osteoarthritis: Evidence Revisited
Authors: Johal Herman , Devji Tahira , Schemitsch Emil H. , Bhandari Mohit 
Published: April 2016

➢ The body of evidence surrounding the use of viscosupplementation in knee osteoarthritis is extensive and fraught with heterogeneous trials with conflicting conclusions.➢ Attempts to aggregate the evidence through systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and guidelines have also resulted in unclear, discordant recommendations. Closer examination reveals that the evidence around viscosupplementation favors clinically important reductions in pain among higher-molecular-weight and cross-linked formulations and is a safe option in patients with knee osteoarthritis.➢ Further large trials assessing the use of viscosupplementation across various formulations in knee osteoarthritis may confirm subgroup findings from meta-analyses; however, immediate focus on improved knowledge translation is required to ensure evidence-based approaches to the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.
Evaluation of staining and color changes of a resin infiltration system
Authors: Leland Andrew , Akyalcin Sercan , English Jeryl D. , Tufekci Eser , Paravina Rade 
Published: April 2016

ABSTRACT

Objective:
To analyze the staining and color changes of a resin infiltrant system used for management of white spot lesions (WSLs).

Materials and Methods:
WSLs were artificially created on left buccal halves of 48 extracted human teeth. These sites were then treated with resin infiltration (RI) while the right halves of the teeth remained as nonresin (NRI) areas. Six groups were formed (n = 8 teeth/group) and were exposed to the following: red wine, coffee, orange juice, combined staining agents, accelerated aging, and distilled water for 1 week. The teeth were then polished with a prophy cup and polishing paste. Color properties were assessed using a spectrophotometer at baseline (T0), after each exposure (T1), and after polishing (T2). Color difference (ΔE*) was calculated between each time point for both halves of the teeth (RI and NRI). Data were analyzed with a two-way analysis of variance with presence of resin infiltration and staining agents as the main effects for each time point pair. Multiple comparisons were made with a Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of significance was set at P &lt; .05.

Results:
The red wine and combined staining agent groups caused the greatest color change between all intervals (P &lt; .05). Significant interactions were recorded between resin infiltration application and staining agents at all time periods (P &lt; .05). The presence of resin infiltration as a main effect did not affect color change between T0 and T2 (P &gt; .05).

Conclusions:
RI areas showed higher staining susceptibility than did NRI areas. However, prophylaxis had a strong effect on reversing the discoloration of both RI and NRI areas.
α-Hydroxybutyric Acid Is a Selective Metabolite Biomarker of Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Authors: Cobb Jeff , Eckhart Andrea , Motsinger-Reif Alison , Carr Bernadette , Groop Leif , Ferrannini Ele 
Published: April 2016

OBJECTIVE
Plasma metabolites that distinguish isolated impaired glucose tolerance (iIGT) from isolated impaired fasting glucose (iIFG) may be useful biomarkers to predict IGT, a high-risk state for the development of type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Targeted metabolomics with 23 metabolites previously associated with dysglycemia was performed with fasting plasma samples from subjects without diabetes at time 0 of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in two observational cohorts: RISC (Relationship Between Insulin Sensitivity and Cardiovascular Disease) and DMVhi (Diabetes Mellitus and Vascular Health Initiative). Odds ratios (ORs) for a one-SD change in the metabolite level were calculated using multiple logistic regression models controlling for age, sex, and BMI to test for associations with iIGT or iIFG versus normal. Selective biomarkers of iIGT were further validated in the Botnia study.

RESULTS
α-Hydroxybutyric acid (α-HB) was most strongly associated with iIGT in RISC (OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.86–3.48], P value 5E-9) and DMVhi (2.75 [1.81–4.19], 4E-5) while having no significant association with iIFG. In Botnia, α-HB was selectively associated with iIGT (2.03 [1.65–2.49], 3E-11) and had no significant association with iIFG. Linoleoyl-glycerophosphocholine (L-GPC) and oleic acid were also found to be selective biomarkers of iIGT. In multivariate IGT prediction models, addition of α-HB, L-GPC, and oleic acid to age, sex, BMI, and fasting glucose significantly improved area under the curve in all three cohorts.

CONCLUSIONS
α-HB, L-GPC, and oleic acid were shown to be selective biomarkers of iIGT, independent of age, sex, BMI, and fasting glucose, in 4,053 subjects without diabetes from three European cohorts. These biomarkers can be used in predictive models to identify subjects with IGT without performing an OGTT.
Metallurgical Failure Investigation of HCF Cracking in a Premix Fuel Oil Manifold of a Heavy-duty Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Engine
Authors: Neidel A. , Fischer B. , Cagliyan E. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
There was a fire incident at a combined cycle engine after almost 100 000 operating hours. The engine was operating on fuel oil at the time of failure. The fire was located at one burner only. An extensive visual inspection revealed that the fire was apparently caused by a leakage due to cracking in that burner's fuel oil premix (FOPM) manifold.
The subject component failed due to high cycle fatigue (HCF) cracking. The failure mechanism is purely mechanical. No corrosion was involved, nor any form of stress corrosion cracking (SCC). No evidence of any material or weld imperfections was found. The cyclic loading that caused the cracking was partly reversed bending.