bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SHOT conference report 2016: serious hazards of transfusion – human factors continue to cause most transfusion‐related incidents
Authors: Bolton‐Maggs P. H. B. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARYThe Annual SHOT Report for incidents reported in 2015 was published on 7 July at the SHOT symposium. Once again, the majority of reports (77·7%) were associated with mistakes (‘human factors’). Pressures and stress in the hospital environment contributed to several error reports. There were 26 deaths where transfusion played a part, one due to haemolysis from anti‐Wra (units issued electronically). The incidence of haemolysis due to this antibody has increased in recent years. Transfusion‐associated circulatory overload is the most common contributor to death and major morbidity. Reports of delays to transfusion have increased, some caused by the failure of correct patient identification. There were seven ABO‐incompatible red cell transfusions (one death) with an additional six to allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients. Near‐miss reporting and analysis is useful and demonstrated nearly 300 instances of wrong blood in tube, which could have resulted in ABO‐incompatible transfusion had the error not been detected. Errors with anti‐D immunoglobulin continue, and preliminary data from the new survey of new anti‐D found in pregnancy has shown that sensitisation occurs in some women even with apparently ‘ideal’ care. For the first time, the SHOT report now incorporates a chapter on donor events.
In vivo deep two‐photon imaging of neural circuits with the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator Cal‐590
Authors: Tischbirek Carsten H. , Birkner Antje , Konnerth Arthur 
Published: December 2016

AbstractIn vivo two‐photon Ca2+ imaging has become an effective approach for the functional analysis of neuronal populations, individual neurons and subcellular neuronal compartments in the intact brain. When imaging individually labelled neurons, depth penetration can often reach up to 1 mm below the cortical surface. However, for densely labelled neuronal populations, imaging with single‐cell resolution is largely restricted to the upper cortical layers in the mouse brain. Here, we review recent advances of deep two‐photon Ca2+ imaging and the use of red‐shifted fluorescent Ca2+ indicators as a promising strategy to increase the imaging depth, which takes advantage of reduced photon scattering at their long excitation and emission wavelengths. We describe results showing that the newly introduced fluorescent Ca2+‐sensitive dye Cal‐590 can be used to record in vivo neuronal activity in isolated cortical neurons and in neurons within populations in depths of up to 900 μm below the pial surface. Thus, the new approach allows the comprehensive functional mapping of all six cortical layers of the mouse brain. Specific features of Cal‐590‐based in vivo Ca2+ two‐photon imaging include a good signal‐to‐noise ratio, fast kinetics and a linear dependence of the Ca2+ transients on the number of action potentials. Another area of application is dual‐colour imaging by combining Cal‐590 with other, shorter wavelength Ca2+ indicators such as OGB‐1. Overall, Cal‐590‐based two‐photon microscopy emerges as a promising tool for the recording of neuronal activity at depths that were previously inaccessible to functional imaging of neuronal circuits.
image
An FDA Perspective on the Regulatory Implications of Complex Signatures to Predict Response to Targeted Therapies
Authors: Beaver Julia A. , Tzou Abraham , Blumenthal Gideon M. , McKee Amy E. , Kim Geoffrey , Pazdur Richard , Philip Reena 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
As technologies evolve, and diagnostics move from detection of single biomarkers toward complex signatures, an increase in the clinical use and regulatory submission of complex signatures is anticipated. However, to date, no complex signatures have been approved as companion diagnostics. In this article, we will describe the potential benefit of complex signatures and their unique regulatory challenges, including analytic performance validation, complex signature simulation, and clinical performance evaluation. We also will review the potential regulatory pathways for clearance, approval, or acceptance of complex signatures by the FDA. These regulatory pathways include regulations applicable to in vitro diagnostic devices, including companion diagnostic devices, the potential for labeling as a complementary diagnostic, and the biomarker qualification program. Clin Cancer Res; 23(6); 1368–72. ©2016 AACR.
Survey Smoothly Fiber-Wireless (FiWi) Accessing Wireless Networks: Convergence and Challenges
Authors: Alkhazaali Naseer Hwaidi , Abduljabbar Aljiznawi Raed , Kadhim Dheyaa Jasim 
Published: December 2016

<p> Traditionally, wireless networks and optical fiber Networks are independent of each other. Wireless networks are designed to meet specific service requirements, while dealing with weak physical transmission, and maximize system resources to ensure cost effectiveness and satisfaction for the end user. In optical fiber networks, on the other hand, search efforts instead concentrated on simple low-cost, future-proofness against inheritance and high services and applications through optical transparency. The ultimate goal of providing access to information when needed, was considered significantly. Whatever form it is required, not only increases the requirement sees technology convergence of wireless and optical networks but also played an important role in future communication networks. Some technical development of wireless access networks-optical and seamless coexistence of both techniques, this paper is a review of the State of the latest developments and advances in optical and wireless communications, major technical challenges to provide flawless communication in fiber- wireless (FiWi) access networks, places of interest important research issues to provide intelligence information, access and transport and the convergence of these networks in the future.</p>
An Algorithm for Continuous Optimization Problems using Hybrid Particle Updating Method
Authors: Shola Peter Bamidele , Asaju L B 
Published: December 2016

<p>Optimization problem is one such problem commonly encountered in many area of endeavor, obviously due to the need to economize the use of the available resources in many problems. This paper presents a population-based meta-heuristic algorithm for solving optimization problems in a continous space. The algorithm, combines a form of cross-over technique with a position updating formula based on the instantaneous global best position to update each particle position .The algorithm was tested and compared with the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) on many benchmark functions. The result suggests a better performance of the algorithm over the later in terms of reaching (attaining) the global optimum value (at least for those benchmark functions considered) and the rate of convergence in terms of the number of iterations required reaching the optimum values.</p>
Computer vision for Ethiopian agricultural crop pest identification
Authors: Alemayehu Dagnachew Melesew , Mengistu Abrham Debasu , Mengistu Seffi Gebeyehu 
Published: December 2016

<p>Crop pest is an organism that creates damage on to the agriculture by feeding crops. The research focuses on four major types of crop pest which occurs on teff, wheat, sorghum, barley and maize these are Black tef beetles, Ageda korkur, Degeza and Yesinde Kish Kish. The aim of this paper is identification of the four types of agricultural crop pest using a computer vision technique. The image of crop pest were taken from Amhara regions of Ethiopia i.e. Adiet, Dejen, Gonder, Debremarkos (places where images were taken). In this paper, artificial neural network (ANN), a hybrid of self organizing map (SOM) with Radial basis function (RBF) and a hybrid of support vector machine (SVM) with Radial basis function (RBF) are used, and also we used Otsu and Kmeans segmentation techniques. Finally we selected Kmeans techniques for segmenting crop pest. In general, the overall result showed that using kmeans segmentation in RBF and SVM perform better than using otsu method in the other algorithm and the recognition performance of the combination of RBF (Radial basis function) and SVM (support vector machine) is 93.33%.</p>
A Quantum Chaos Clonal Multiobjective Evolutionary Method Reasearch
Authors: Wu Shuyue 
Published: December 2016

A quantum chaos cloning multi-objective evolutionary algorithm was proposed herein based on chaos search ergodicity, quantum computing efficiency and clonal selection theory of antibodies in artificial immune system. The qubits encoded initial population is used in the new algorithm, Chaos quantum rotation gates are introduced to update individuals, crowding distance is used to keep solution population distribution and diversity. Theoretical analysis and simulation show the effectiveness of the algorithm.
Analysis of Step Up Transformer for Pulsed Electric Fields Generator
Authors: Yoppy Yoppy , Anam Mohamad Khoirul , Yudhistira Yudhistira , Wibowo Priyo , Arjadi Harry , Nugroho Hutomo Wahyu , Prananto Haryo Dwi 
Published: December 2016

<em><span>Pulsed electric fields (PEF) is a novel non-thermal food processing whose purpose is</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span><span>inactivating microbes while at the same time preserving food’s nutrition, color, and taste. This paper presents an analysis of step up transormer for PEF high voltage generator. To achieve the optimum PEF effects, the pulse shape should resemble a square, which is characterized by low voltage drop and fast rising time. Through simulations, it has been shown that higher transformer inductance results in lower voltage drop. However at some points, further increasing the inductance would only produces negligible improvements. Meanwhile fast rising time can be achieved by minimizing leakage inductance and parasitic capacitance. Moreover, maximum energy transfer to the load can be obtained by reducing winding resistances. Finally, a case of high voltage generator using ignition coil has been evaluated. Due to its high winding resistances, ignition coil seems to be not suitable for PEF applications.</span></em>
Tuning Methods of PID Controller for DC Motor Speed Control
Authors: Abdulameer Ashwaq , Sulaiman Marizan , Aras MSM , Saleem Dawood 
Published: December 2016

The traditional PID controllers are used for a long time to control the DC motor for many industrial processes, that because of the simplicity, flexibility, and satisfactory performance of this type of controller. This paper discusses the basic PID tuning method (Ziegler-Nichols) and its modification (Chien-Hrones-Reswick). Also, analysis the speed control DC motor response using the PID controller parameters that result from the tuning methods mentioned earlier. Moreover, explain the advantage and disadvantage of each formula of these methods. GUL/MATLAB windows used to implementing both methods to create more comfortable and friendly environment for better understanding of the PID controller tuning methods formula for engineering students and practicing engineers.
An Improved Chaos Electromagnetism Mechanism Algorithm for Path Optimization Problem
Authors: Yin Shoulin , Liu Jie , Teng Lin 
Published: December 2016

<p><em>As we all know, traditional electromagnetism mechanism</em><em> </em><em>(EM) algorithm has the disadvantage with low solution precision, lack of mining ability and easily falling into precocity. This paper proposes a new chaos electromagnetism mechanism algorithm combining chaotic mapping with limited storage Quasi-Newton Method</em><em> </em><em>(EM-CMLSQN). Its main idea is that it adopts limit quasi-Newton operator to replace the local optimization operator in EM algorithm for local searching in the late of algorithm. In the process of algorithm, the chaos mapping is introduced into optimization processes, and it generates new individuals to jump out of local to maintain the population diversity according to characteristics of chaos mapping random traversal. Finally, the experiments show that the new algorithm can effectively jump out of local optimal solution through comparing three continuous space test functions. The new algorithm has obvious advantages in terms of convergence speed compared to traditional EM algorithm, in addition, it is more accuracy than particle swarm optimization</em><em> </em><em>(PSO) algorithm. We compare the new chaos electromagnetism mechanism algorithm with ant colony optimization</em><em> </em><em>(ACO) algorithm, PSO algorithm, the results represent that new scheme can obtain the optimal path in the path optimization process, which shows that the new method has better applicability in the discrete domain problem</em>.</p>
An Equivalent Electrode System for Efficient Charging of Filtration Media
Authors: Abouelatta Mohamed Anwar , Salama Abdelhadi R 
Published: December 2016

<p>This paper concerns the influence of moving an auxiliary limiting cylinder in X-Y directions on the electrostatic field and corona onset voltage of the dual electrode system employed in the electrostatic filtration process resulting in a “Tri-electrode” system. The Tri-electrode system is applied in order to control the field around the ionized wire and on the ground plate. Accurate calculation of the electrostatic field is obtained using the charge simulation method coupled with genetic algorithms. The calculated field values are utilized in computing the corona onset voltage of the ionized electrode. Laboratory measurements of the onset voltage of the ionized electrode are applied. It is found that the limiting cylinder controls the onset voltage of the ionized wire such that the ionized wire may be in ionized or non-ionized state without changing the position of the ionized wire itself. The numerical onset voltage values agreed satisfactorily with those measured experimentally. </p>
A Review on Modulation Strategies of Multi Level Inverter
Authors: Balamurugan Chinnapettai Ramalingam , Natarajan S.P. , Bensraj R. , Shanthi B. 
Published: December 2016

<p class="Abstract">This review develop different switching methods for Multi Level Inverter (MLI). The switching methods proposed in this paper are to compare various methods and to predict exact switching method for different application based upon its quality of the outputs. The performance of the inverter is analyzed with the parameters like THD (Total Harmonic Injection), V<sub>RMS </sub>(fundamental), CF (Crest Factor), FF (Form Factor) and DF (Distortion Factor). From the various non PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) and PWM methods the analysis are method to identify the exact PWM strategies for specific applications. </p>
Measuring Water Distribution in the Heart: Preventing Edema Reduces Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury
Authors: Andrés‐Villarreal Mireia , Barba Ignasi , Poncelas Marcos , Inserte Javier , Rodriguez‐Palomares José , Pineda Victor , Garcia‐Dorado David 
Published: December 2016

Background

Edema is present in many heart diseases, and differentiation between intracellular (
ICW
) and extracellular (
ECW
) myocardial water compartments would be clinically relevant. In this work we developed a magnetic resonance imaging–based method to differentiate
ICW
and
ECW
and applied it to analyze ischemia–reperfusion–induced edema.

Methods and Results

Isolated rat hearts were perfused with gadolinium chelates as a marker of extracellular space. Total water content was measured by desiccation. Gadolinium quantification provided
ECW
, and
ICW
was calculated by subtraction of
ECW
from total water content. In separate experiments, T1, T2, diffusion‐weighted imaging and proton‐density parameters were measured in isolated saline‐perfused hearts. In in‐situ rat hearts,
ECW
and
ICW
were 79±10 mL and 257±8 mL of water per 100 g of dry tissue, respectively. After perfusion for 40 minutes,
ECW
increased by 92.4±3% without modifying
ICW
(−1±3%). Hyposmotic buffer (248 mOsm/L) increased
ICW
by 16.7±2%, while hyperosmotic perfusion (409 mOsm/L) reduced
ICW
by 26.5±3%. Preclinical imaging showed good correlation between T2 and diffusion‐weighted imaging with
ECW
, and proton‐density correlated with total water content. Ischemia–reperfusion resulted in marked myocardial edema at the expense of
ECW
, because of cellular membrane rupture. When cell death was prevented by blebbistatin, water content and distribution were similar to normoxic perfused hearts. Furthermore, attenuation of intracellular edema with hyperosmotic buffer reduced cell death.

Conclusions
We devised a method to determine edema and tissue water distribution. This method allowed us to demonstrate a role of edema in reperfusion‐induced cell death and could serve as a basis for the study of myocardial water distribution using magnetic resonance imaging.
Late Survival After Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Moderately Reduced Kidney Function
Authors: Glaser Natalie , Jackson Veronica , Holzmann Martin J. , Franco‐Cereceda Anders , Sartipy Ulrik 
Published: December 2016

Background

The influence of moderately reduced kidney function on late survival after surgical aortic valve replacement (
AVR
) is unknown. We analyzed survival after
AVR
in patients with moderately reduced kidney function.

Methods and Results

All patients who underwent primary
AVR
in Sweden 1997–2013 were identified from the Swedish Web system for Enhancement and Development of Evidence‐based care in Heart disease Evaluated According to Recommended Therapies register. Patients were categorized according to estimated glomerular filtration rate (
eGFR
). Of 13 102 patients, 9836 (75%) had normal kidney function (
eGFR
>60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
) and 3266 (25%) had moderately reduced kidney function (
eGFR
30–60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
). Mean follow‐up time was 6.2 years. Mortality was higher in patients with moderately reduced kidney function; 5‐, 10‐, and 15‐year survival was 76%, 48%, and 25% versus 89%, 73%, and 55% (adjusted hazard ratio [
HR
], 1.28; 95%
CI
, 1.18–1.38;
P
<0.001). Patients with moderately reduced kidney function had a nonsignificantly higher risk of major bleeding (
HR
, 1.18; 95%
CI
, 1.00–1.39;
P
=0.051) and a lower risk for aortic valve reoperation (
HR
, 0.54; 95%
CI
, 0.38–0.79;
P
=0.001) compared to those with normal kidney function. In patients with moderately reduced kidney function, survival was similar in those who received bioprostheses compared to those who received mechanical valves (
HR
, 0.85; 95%
CI
, 0.70–1.03;
P
=0.094).

Conclusions

Moderately reduced kidney function was strongly associated with increased mortality after AVR. These results have important implications for preoperative risk stratification, and suggest that patients with
eGFR
30 to 60 mL/min per 1.73 m
2
warrant careful observation after AVR.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02276950.
再論粵語“嚟”的語法特點
Authors: Tang Sze-Wing 
Published: December 2016

Grammatical properties of the Cantonese particle [lei21], which literally means ‘to come’, are discussed in this paper, focusing on its focus usage (known as lei

1
) and its imperative usage (known as lei

2
). It is observed that lei

1
co-occurs with a predicate nominal which conveys new information. The function of lei

2
is to mark the degree of the resultant state of a continuous activity expressed by the predicate. It is shown that different kinds of [lei21] are in complementary distribution, each of which plays a unique role in Cantonese grammar.
本文討論了粵語助詞“嚟”的語法特點，尤其是集中討論用於判斷句的“嚟1”和用於祈使句的“嚟2”。“嚟1”跟名詞謂語連用，用來引介表示新信息的名詞謂語。“嚟2”對謂語有一定的要求和限制，作用就是說明謂語要達到持續狀態的結果，並強調持續狀態的程度。本文最後說明粵語的幾個“嚟”在語法上呈現互補現象，各自扮演不同的角色。(This article is in Chinese.)
Efficient randomization of biological networks while preserving functional characterization of individual nodes
Authors: Iorio Francesco , Bernardo-Faura Marti , Gobbi Andrea , Cokelaer Thomas , Jurman Giuseppe , Saez-Rodriguez Julio 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Background
Networks are popular and powerful tools to describe and model biological processes. Many computational methods have been developed to infer biological networks from literature, high-throughput experiments, and combinations of both. Additionally, a wide range of tools has been developed to map experimental data onto reference biological networks, in order to extract meaningful modules. Many of these methods assess results’ significance against null distributions of randomized networks. However, these standard unconstrained randomizations do not preserve the functional characterization of the nodes in the reference networks (i.e. their degrees and connection signs), hence including potential biases in the assessment.

Results
Building on our previous work about rewiring bipartite networks, we propose a method for rewiring any type of unweighted networks. In particular we formally demonstrate that the problem of rewiring a signed and directed network preserving its functional connectivity (F-rewiring) reduces to the problem of rewiring two induced bipartite networks. Additionally, we reformulate the lower bound to the iterations’ number of the switching-algorithm to make it suitable for the F-rewiring of networks of any size. Finally, we present BiRewire3, an open-source Bioconductor package enabling the F-rewiring of any type of unweighted network. We illustrate its application to a case study about the identification of modules from gene expression data mapped on protein interaction networks, and a second one focused on building logic models from more complex signed-directed reference signaling networks and phosphoproteomic data.

Conclusions
BiRewire3 it is freely available at https://www.bioconductor.org/packages/BiRewire/, and it should have a broad application as it allows an efficient and analytically derived statistical assessment of results from any network biology tool.
Genetic mosaics and time-lapse imaging identify functions of histone H3.3 residues in mouse oocytes and embryos
Authors: Zhou Liquan , Baibakov Boris , Canagarajah Bertram , Xiong Bo , Dean Jurrien 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT
During development from oocyte to embryo, genetic programs in mouse germ cells are reshaped by chromatin remodeling to orchestrate the onset of development. Epigenetic modifications of specific amino acid residues of core histones and their isoforms can dramatically alter activation and suppression of gene expression. H3.3 is a histone H3 variant that plays essential roles in mouse oocytes and early embryos, but the functional role of individual amino acid residues has been unclear because of technical hurdles. Here, we describe two strategies that successfully investigated the functions of three individual H3.3 residues in oogenesis, cleavage-stage embryogenesis and early development. We first generated genetic mosaic ovaries and blastocysts with stochastic expression of wild-type or mutant H3.3 alleles and showed dominant negative effects of H3.3R26 and H3.3K27 in modulating oogenesis and partitioning cells to the inner cell mass of the early embryo. Time-lapse imaging assays also revealed the essential roles of H3.3K56 in efficient H2B incorporation and paternal pronuclei formation. Application of these strategies can be extended to investigate roles of additional H3.3 residues and has implications for use in other developmental systems.