bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geochemical Constraints on Cumulate Textured Ti-rich Al-depleted Komatiites from Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex, Eastern India
Authors: Prasad Jugnu , Bhattacharya D. K. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
For the first time occurrence of Ti rich Al depleted ultramafic cumulates having komatiitic signature in the northwestern fringe of Chotanagpur Gneissic Complex is presented. These rocks exhibit intrusive relationship with metasedimentary rocks and metaultramafites. Geochemically they are characterized by Mg# 79.1-91.60, high TiO2 (1.29-1.54 wt%), significantly low Al2O3/TiO2 and (Gd/Yb)n &gt;1. Major oxides, trace and REE content suggest low degree of fractional crystallization and lesser degree of partial melting. These Al depleted komatiites are characterized by high concentration of incompatible elements than most suites of Barberton type komatiites. High Ti content suggests less degree of majorite garnet melting, leaving behind garnet in the restite. The rock shows higher Ti/Sc (190), Ti/V (22), Zr/Y (3), Zr/Sc (4), V/Sc (8), Zr/Sm (28) and Zr/Hf (47) ratios than primitive mantle and REE distribution pattern shows gentle slope from LREE to HREE in most samples pointing towards mantle metasomatism and crustal contamination during emplacement. The observed chemical characteristics indicate derivation of komatiite from an enriched mantle source and represent plume activity in an extensional tectonic regime of intracratonic setting.
Rock Mass Rating and Kinematic Analysis for Slope Stability Investigation of Utari Dam, Lalitpur District, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Mondal M. E. A. , Siddique Tariq , Alam Mohammad , Alam M. Masroor 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Rock mass characterization of Utari dam in Lalitpur district of Uttar Pradesh was done to identify different stability classes of rock mass. For better stability of Utari dam, foundation conditions were carefully studied by detailed field investigations of the site supplemented by laboratory tests. During feasibility and preliminary stages, rock mass characterization of slopes was conducted to identify the vulnerable zones of failure. Rock mass characterization was done by compilation of information obtained from intact rock as well as from rock mass to determine its grade and long term slope stability of the site. On the basis of Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and Geological Strength Index (GSI) slope stability is identified which lies under good quality rock mass. Kinematic analysis was conducted to find out the probability for different types of structurally controlled slope failure. Microscopic analyses were conducted to identify the degree of chemical alteration of feldspar. Clay formation by sericitization along joint planes is harmful for the stability of dam structure. Remedial measures must be taken to reduce the extent of chemical alteration. Granitoids at dam site forms a compact and stable foundation consisting of four sets of joints in which two sets were prominent which are dipping on the upstream side of the dam which reveals good condition on the dam site as leakage from reservoir will be minimum and least up-thrust on the dam structure.
Analysis of Mineral Compositions and Crater Morphology on the Moon surface using Moon Orbital Satellite Data
Authors: Sivakumar V. , Neelakantan R. , Biju C. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Analysing vertical and lateral distribution of minerals within an impact crater on lunar surface would aid in understanding the crustal compositions to a larger extent and provides clue about geological evolution of the Moon. The Chandrayaan-1 Moon Mineralogy Mapper (M3) and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) data have high spectral and spatial resolutions, which help in identifying the mineral compositions and morphological features of impact crater. Here we analyse mineral compositions and their correlations with crater morphology using M3 and LROC satellite data of Eijkman impact cater in SouthPole Atiken (SPA) basin. The result shows that low-Ca pyroxene (LCP) dominant rocks are identified on Central Peak (CP), Crater Floor (CF), Crater Wall (CW) and Crater Rim (CR). An olivine dominant rock is detected on the CW. Fe-Mg-spinel lithological unit is observed on the CF. The results implicate that, (i) Low-Ca pyroxene minerals could be from the lower crust during SPA main event; (ii) Presence of olivine and Fe-Mg-spinel lithology on the surface could be a later stage mafic intrusions or the lower-crustal material exposed on the surface due to major impacts.
An individual with human immunodeficiency virus, dementia, and central nervous system amyloid deposition
Authors: Turner Raymond Scott , Chadwick Melanie , Horton Wesley A. , Simon Gary L. , Jiang Xiong , Esposito Giuseppe 
Published: April 2016

AbstractHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is found in 30%–50% of individuals with HIV infection. To date, no HIV+ individual has been reported to have a positive amyloid PET scan. We report a 71‐year‐old HIV+ individual with HAND. Clinical and neuropsychologic evaluations confirmed a progressive mild dementia. A routine brain MRI was normal for age. [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose–PET revealed mild hypermetabolism in bilateral basal ganglia and hypometabolism of bilateral parietal cortex including the posterior cingulate/precuneus. Resting state functional MRI revealed altered connectivity as found with individuals with mild AD. CSF examination revealed a low Aβ42/tau index but a low phospho‐tau. An amyloid PET/CT with [18F]florbetaben revealed pronounced cortical radiotracer deposition. This case report suggests that progressive dementia in older HIV+ individuals may be due to HAND, AD, or both. HIV infection does not preclude CNS Aβ/amyloid deposition. Amyloid PET imaging may be of value in distinguishing HAND from AD pathologies.
Measuring the impact of a quality improvement collaboration to decrease maternal mortality in a Ghanaian regional hospital
Authors: Srofenyoh Emmanuel K. , Kassebaum Nicholas J. , Goodman David M. , Olufolabi Adeyemi J. , Owen Medge D. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the performance of a continuous quality improvement collaboration at Ridge Regional Hospital, Accra, Ghana, that aimed to halve maternal and neonatal deaths.MethodsIn a quasi‐experimental, pre‐ and post‐intervention analysis, system deficiencies were analyzed and 97 improvement activities were implemented from January 2007 to December 2011. Data were collected on outcomes and implementation rates of improvement activities. Severity‐adjustment models were used to calculate counterfactual mortality ratios. Regression analysis was used to determine the association between improvement activities, staffing, and maternal mortality.ResultsMaternal mortality decreased by 22.4% between 2007 and 2011, from 496 to 385 per 100 000 deliveries, despite a 50% increase in deliveries and five‐ and three‐fold increases in the proportion of pregnancies complicated by obstetric hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, respectively. Case fatality rates for obstetric hemorrhage and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy decreased from 14.8% to 1.6% and 3.1% to 1.1%, respectively. The mean implementation score was 68% for the 97 improvement processes. Overall, 43 maternal deaths were prevented by the intervention; however, risk severity‐adjustment models indicated that an even greater number of deaths was averted. Mortality reduction was correlated with 26 continuous quality improvement activities, and with the number of anesthesia nurses and labor midwives.ConclusionThe implementation of quality improvement activities was closely correlated with improved maternal mortality.
Two-Dimensional FE Simulation of Impact Loading on Alumina Matrix Nanocomposite Reinforced by Dyneema® HB25 Laminates
Authors: Alebooyeh M. , Baharvandi H. R. , Aghanajafi C. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPerforation process of a novel ceramic/composite panel including alumina-silicon carbide (Al2O3-SiC) nanocomposite as the front plate and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene laminated composite (Dyneema® HB25) as the back-up impacted by a tip tapered penetrator has been analyzed based on LS-Dyna and HyperMesh codes. In order to balance the competing requirements posed by thickness, weight, cost and performance, a finite element (FE) simulation has been developed with well-developed material models. A two-dimensional, dynamic-explicit and Lagrangian model has been considered. The perforation process has been investigated for three different thicknesses of the ceramic plate. The Johnson-Cook, Johnson-Holmquist and Orthotropic-Elastic material models have been used for the penetrator, ceramic, and composite, respectively. The FE results, which have a good agreement with available experimental data, show that with the increase in the ceramic thickness, ceramic's fracture conoid as well as elasto-plastic deformation of fibers increase while fiber breakage and dishing of the composite layers diminish. In addition to saving cost and time, the FE simulation results can be useful as a fairly accurate prediction tool for the designing of lightweight body protective panels with desired impact resistance performance and eligible blunt trauma of the back-up.
Nutritional status of pre-pregnant and pregnant women residing in Bogor district, Indonesia: a cross-sectional dietary and nutrient intake study
Authors: Madanijah Siti , Briawan Dodik , Rimbawan Rimbawan , Zulaikhah Zulaikhah , Andarwulan Nuri , Nuraida Lilis , Sundjaya Tonny , Murti Laksmi , Shah Priyali , Bindels Jacques 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe diet of Indonesian women of childbearing age is relatively poor, posing increased risk for suboptimal pregnancy outcome. In a cross-sectional study including 403 women in three economic quintiles (Q), we investigated differences in dietary intake and nutrition sufficiency according to economic status and whether regular dietary intakes of pregnant women (PW,n203) differ from that of pre-pregnant women (PPW,n200). Dietary intake data were collected using 2×24 h dietary recall and FFQ. Energy, protein, Fe, Ca, Zn, vitamin A and vitamin C intakes were calculated utilising Food Composition Tables and compared with Indonesian recommendations for adequacy. Energy and protein intakes <70 % and Fe, Ca, Zn, vitamin A and vitamin C intakes <77 % of the local recommendation were considered insufficient. A higher intake of milk/dairy products (Q3, Q4), fruits and vegetables (Q2) and snacks (Q3) in PW was observed compared with PPW, but insufficient to meet nutrient requirements. Nutrient intake calculations showed insufficiency in 26 % of PPW for protein and up to 70 % for Fe. Deficient nutrient intakes in PW were found in 49 % of the subjects for energy and up to 85 % for Fe. Energy and protein intakes decreased with decreasing economic quintiles in PPW and PW. Ca and vitamin A intakes were lower in Q2 compared with Q4. The proportion of animal protein in Q2-PW was low (31 %). Biochemical status parameters in a subset showed that anaemia and Fe and Zn deficiencies were prevalent among PPW and PW. Habitual diets in the study area did not meet the nutrient requirements for both PPW and PW across the investigated economic groups.
ZBTB20 is required for anterior pituitary development and lactotrope specification
Authors: Cao Dongmei , Ma Xianhua , Cai Jiao , Luan Jing , Liu An-Jun , Yang Rui , Cao Yi , Zhu Xiaotong , Zhang Hai , Chen Yu-Xia , Shi Yuguang , Shi Guang-Xia , Zou Dajin , Cao Xuetao , Grusby Michael J. , Xie Zhifang , Zhang Weiping J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe anterior pituitary harbours five distinct hormone-producing cell types, and their cellular differentiation is a highly regulated and coordinated process. Here we show that ZBTB20 is essential for anterior pituitary development and lactotrope specification in mice. In anterior pituitary, ZBTB20 is highly expressed by all the mature endocrine cell types, and to some less extent by somatolactotropes, the precursors of prolactin (PRL)-producing lactotropes. Disruption of Zbtb20 leads to anterior pituitary hypoplasia, hypopituitary dwarfism and a complete loss of mature lactotropes. In ZBTB20-null mice, although lactotrope lineage commitment is normally initiated, somatolactotropes exhibit profound defects in lineage specification and expansion. Furthermore, endogenous ZBTB20 protein binds to Prl promoter, and its knockdown decreases PRL expression and secretion in a lactotrope cell line MMQ. In addition, ZBTB20 overexpression enhances the transcriptional activity of Prl promoter in vitro. In conclusion, our findings point to ZBTB20 as a critical regulator of anterior pituitary development and lactotrope specification.
Quadrupolar and anisotropy effects on dephasing in two-electron spin qubits in GaAs
Authors: Botzem Tim , McNeil Robert P. G. , Mol Jan-Michael , Schuh Dieter , Bougeard Dominique , Bluhm Hendrik 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the decoherence of electron spins in semiconductors due to their interaction with nuclear spins is of fundamental interest as they realize the central spin model and of practical importance for using them as qubits. Interesting effects arise from the quadrupolar interaction of nuclear spins with electric field gradients, which have been shown to suppress diffusive nuclear spin dynamics and might thus enhance electron spin coherence. Here we show experimentally that for gate-defined GaAs quantum dots, quadrupolar broadening of the nuclear Larmor precession reduces electron spin coherence by causing faster decorrelation of transverse nuclear fields. However, this effect disappears for appropriate field directions. Furthermore, we observe an additional modulation of coherence attributed to an anisotropic electronic g-tensor. These results complete our understanding of dephasing in gated quantum dots and point to mitigation strategies. They may also help to unravel unexplained behaviour in self-assembled quantum dots and III–V nanowires.
Femtosecond electron imaging of defect-modulated phonon dynamics
Authors: Cremons Daniel R. , Plemmons Dayne A. , Flannigan David J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractPrecise manipulation and control of coherent lattice oscillations via nanostructuring and phonon-wave interference has the potential to significantly impact a broad array of technologies and research areas. Resolving the dynamics of individual phonons in defect-laden materials presents an enormous challenge, however, owing to the interdependent nanoscale and ultrafast spatiotemporal scales. Here we report direct, real-space imaging of the emergence and evolution of acoustic phonons at individual defects in crystalline WSe2 and Ge. Via bright-field imaging with an ultrafast electron microscope, we are able to image the sub-picosecond nucleation and the launch of wavefronts at step edges and resolve dispersion behaviours during propagation and scattering. We discover that the appearance of speed-of-sound (for example, 6 nm ps−1) wavefronts are influenced by spatially varying nanoscale strain fields, taking on the appearance of static bend contours during propagation. These observations provide unprecedented insight into the roles played by individual atomic and nanoscale features on acoustic-phonon dynamics.
Plasmonic piezoelectric nanomechanical resonator for spectrally selective infrared sensing
Authors: Hui Yu , Gomez-Diaz Juan Sebastian , Qian Zhenyun , Alù Andrea , Rinaldi Matteo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUltrathin plasmonic metasurfaces have proven their ability to control and manipulate light at unprecedented levels, leading to exciting optical functionalities and applications. Although to date metasurfaces have mainly been investigated from an electromagnetic perspective, their ultrathin nature may also provide novel and useful mechanical properties. Here we propose a thin piezoelectric plasmonic metasurface forming the resonant body of a nanomechanical resonator with simultaneously tailored optical and electromechanical properties. We experimentally demonstrate that it is possible to achieve high thermomechanical coupling between electromagnetic and mechanical resonances in a single ultrathin piezoelectric nanoplate. The combination of nanoplasmonic and piezoelectric resonances allows the proposed device to selectively detect long-wavelength infrared radiation with unprecedented electromechanical performance and thermal capabilities. These attributes lead to the demonstration of a fast, high-resolution, uncooled infrared detector with ∼80% absorption for an optimized spectral bandwidth centered around 8.8 μm.
Impact of gut microbiota on the fly’s germ line
Authors: Elgart Michael , Stern Shay , Salton Orit , Gnainsky Yulia , Heifetz Yael , Soen Yoav 
Published: April 2016

AbstractUnlike vertically transmitted endosymbionts, which have broad effects on their host’s germ line, the extracellular gut microbiota is transmitted horizontally and is not known to influence the germ line. Here we provide evidence supporting the influence of these gut bacteria on the germ line of Drosophila melanogaster. Removal of the gut bacteria represses oogenesis, expedites maternal-to-zygotic-transition in the offspring and unmasks hidden phenotypic variation in mutants. We further show that the main impact on oogenesis is linked to the lack of gut Acetobacter species, and we identify the Drosophila Aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldh) gene as an apparent mediator of repressed oogenesis in Acetobacter-depleted flies. The finding of interactions between the gut microbiota and the germ line has implications for reproduction, developmental robustness and adaptation.
Thermoelectric effect and its dependence on molecular length and sequence in single DNA molecules
Authors: Li Yueqi , Xiang Limin , Palma Julio L. , Asai Yoshihiro , Tao Nongjian 
Published: April 2016

AbstractStudying the thermoelectric effect in DNA is important for unravelling charge transport mechanisms and for developing relevant applications of DNA molecules. Here we report a study of the thermoelectric effect in single DNA molecules. By varying the molecular length and sequence, we tune the charge transport in DNA to either a hopping- or tunnelling-dominated regimes. The thermoelectric effect is small and insensitive to the molecular length in the hopping regime. In contrast, the thermoelectric effect is large and sensitive to the length in the tunnelling regime. These findings indicate that one may control the thermoelectric effect in DNA by varying its sequence and length. We describe the experimental results in terms of hopping and tunnelling charge transport models.
Enantioselective acyl transfer catalysis by a combination of common catalytic motifs and electrostatic interactions
Authors: Mandai Hiroki , Fujii Kazuki , Yasuhara Hiroshi , Abe Kenko , Mitsudo Koichi , Korenaga Toshinobu , Suga Seiji 
Published: April 2016

AbstractCatalysts that can promote acyl transfer processes are important to enantioselective synthesis and their development has received significant attention in recent years. Despite noteworthy advances, discovery of small-molecule catalysts that are robust, efficient, recyclable and promote reactions with high enantioselectivity can be easily and cost-effectively prepared in significant quantities (that is, >10 g) has remained elusive. Here, we demonstrate that by attaching a binaphthyl moiety, appropriately modified to establish H-bonding interactions within the key intermediates in the catalytic cycle, and a 4-aminopyridyl unit, exceptionally efficient organic molecules can be prepared that facilitate enantioselective acyl transfer reactions. As little as 0.5 mol% of a member of the new catalyst class is sufficient to generate acyl-substituted all-carbon quaternary stereogenic centres in quantitative yield and in up to 98:2 enantiomeric ratio (er) in 5 h. Kinetic resolution or desymmetrization of 1,2-diol can be performed with high efficiency and enantioselectivity as well.
Free-carrier-induced soliton fission unveiled by in situ measurements in nanophotonic waveguides
Authors: Husko Chad , Wulf Matthias , Lefrancois Simon , Combrié Sylvain , Lehoucq Gaëlle , De Rossi Alfredo , Eggleton Benjamin J. , Kuipers L. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractSolitons are localized waves formed by a balance of focusing and defocusing effects. These nonlinear waves exist in diverse forms of matter yet exhibit similar properties including stability, periodic recurrence and particle-like trajectories. One important property is soliton fission, a process by which an energetic higher-order soliton breaks apart due to dispersive or nonlinear perturbations. Here we demonstrate through both experiment and theory that nonlinear photocarrier generation can induce soliton fission. Using near-field measurements, we directly observe the nonlinear spatial and temporal evolution of optical pulses in situ in a nanophotonic semiconductor waveguide. We develop an analytic formalism describing the free-carrier dispersion (FCD) perturbation and show the experiment exceeds the minimum threshold by an order of magnitude. We confirm these observations with a numerical nonlinear Schrödinger equation model. These results provide a fundamental explanation and physical scaling of optical pulse evolution in free-carrier media and could enable improved supercontinuum sources in gas based and integrated semiconductor waveguides.
Bacterial communities of the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii associated with Bt cotton in northern China
Authors: Zhao Yao , Zhang Shuai , Luo Jun-Yu , Wang Chun-Yi , Lv Li-Min , Cui Jin-Jie 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAphids are infected with a wide variety of endosymbionts that can confer ecologically relevant traits. However, the bacterial communities of most aphid species are still poorly characterized. This study investigated the bacterial diversity of the cotton aphidAphis gossypiiassociated withBtcotton in northern China by targeting the V4 region of the 16S rDNA using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Our sequencing data revealed that bacterial communities ofA. gossypiiwere generally dominated by the primary symbiontBuchnera, together with the facultative symbiontsArsenophonusandHamiltonella. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the facultative symbiontHamiltonellainA. gossypii. Moreover, the bacterial community structure was similar within aphids from the same province, but distinct among those from different provinces. The taxonomic diversity of the bacterial community is greater in Hebei Province compared with in samples from Henan and Shandong Provinces. The selection pressure exerted by the different geographical locations could explain the differences found among the various provinces. These findings broaden our understanding of the interactions among aphids, endosymbionts and their environments and provide clues to develop potential biocontrol techniques against this cotton aphid.