bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Otogenic Lateral Sinus Thrombosis: A Review of Fifteen Patients and Changing Trends in the Management
Authors: Raja Kalaiarasi , Parida Pradipta , Alexander Arun , Surianarayanan Gopalakrishnan 
Published: July 2017

Introduction Otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis is a rare intracranial complication of otitis media in the modern age of antibiotic treatment, but it is potentially a dangerous complication.
Objectives The aim of this study is to focus on the various clinical presentations, management options and sequelae in a series of fifteen patients with otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis.
Methods Retrospective chart review of inpatients treated for otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis at our tertiary care institution between 2010 and 2015.
Results A total of 15 patients (11 males and 4 females) with ages ranging from 9 to 60 years were diagnosed with otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis. The most commonly reported symptoms were headache, ear discharge and hard of hearing, which were experienced by all 15 (100%) patients. In contrast to previous studies found in the literature, 7 (47%) patients in our series presented with neck pain and neck abscess. Imaging studies and microbiological cultures were performed for all patients, who also underwent a mastoidectomy procedure. Internal jugular vein ligation was performed on 5 (33%) patients. Incision and drainage of the neck abscess was performed on 7 (47%) patients. All patients had a satisfactory resolution of their symptoms, and the mortality rate was of 0%.
Conclusions Otogenic lateral sinus thrombosis, though a rare complication, can still occur; therefore, keeping a high level of suspicion is important, especially in developing countries. We also describe the patients with neck abscess associated with this rare condition. Combining parenteral antibiotics with surgical intervention is the treatment of choice.
Therapie bei Schwermetallbelastung
Authors: Stoll Günther , Dawczynski Horst 
Published: July 2017

SummaryZur Therapie der Schwermetallbelastung werden Selen und Zink sowie bei hoher Belastung Dimercaptopropansulfonsäure (DMPS) verabreicht. Anorganisches Natriumselenit-Pentahydrat ist bei der Entgiftung die Substanz der Wahl, während selenangereicherte Algenprodukte und Nahrungsergänzungsmittel mit organischen Selenverbindungen ungeeignet sind.
Entgiftung: Effektiv bei vielen Krankheiten
Authors: Mutter Joachim 
Published: July 2017

SummaryNatürliche und auch künstliche Chemikalien können den Organismus schwächen und krank machen. Für viele Menschen, besonders bei bestehenden Krankheiten oder Beschwerden, kann eine regelmäßige Entgiftung sinnvoll sein. Gegen Metalle, Halbmetalle und manche radioaktive Isotope sind spezifische Gegenmittel (Antidote) verfügbar. Bei anderen Giftstoffen gibt es, außer bei einigen in der Akuttoxikologie (wie z. B. Antiseren gegenüber Schlangengiften, Atropin gegen Cholinesterasehemmstoffen) keine spezifischen Gegenmittel.Der Autor gibt einen Überblick über die wichtigsten Entgiftungsstrategien bei chronischen Beschwerden sowie praktische Hinweise.
Thiazid-Diuretika und Magnesium
Authors: Gröber Uwe 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn Deutschland hat fast jeder Dritte einenzu hohen Blutdruck und damit einerhöhtes Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen(z. B. Schlaganfall, Herzinfarkt, Herzmuskelschwäche). Expertenvermuten, dass die Zahl der Betroffenenmit zunehmender Überalterung der Gesellschaftin den kommenden 20 Jahrenum 2 Mio. ansteigen wird. Thiazid-Diuretikawerden neben Angiotensin-Rezeptorblockern, Kalziumantagonisten, ACE-Hemmern oder Betablockern bevorzugtin den Hypertonieleitlinien alsInitialtherapie empfohlen, insbesondereals Monotherapie bei Patienten mit milderBlutdruckerhöhung oder niedrigembis moderatem kardiovaskulärem Risiko.
Prävention und Therapie der Adipositas: Das GESUMED-Praxiskonzept
Authors: Friedrichsen Hans-Peter 
Published: July 2017

SummaryZur Adipositasprävention sollte Übergewicht vor und hohe Gewichtszunahme während der Schwangerschaft vermieden sowie der Konsum von Fett, Milch und v.a. Zucker durch die Schwangere reduziert werden. Grundpfeiler der Therapie sind körperliche Aktivität und Ernährungsumstellung, wobei die Mikronährstoffversorgung und Auswirkungen der Nahrung auf die Appetit- und Sättigungsregulation zu berücksichtigen sind. Das auf diesen Kenntnissen beruhende GESUMED-Konzept zur Gewichtsregulation und Prävention basiert auf Anamnese, Laboranalyse und BIA.
Omental actinomycosis imitating a foreign body infection
Authors: Choi Yoo Shin , Park Yong Gum 
Published: July 2017

AbstractActinomycosis is a rare chronic disease caused by a group of anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria that colonize the mouth, colon, and urogenital tract. Infection involving the cervicofacial area is the most common clinical presentation, followed by that of the pelvic and thoracic areas. The preoperative diagnosis of abdominal actinomycosis is difficult because the condition can be easily confused with malignancy, tuberculosis, or other inflammatory diseases. We report a case of omental actinomycosis mimicking a foreign body. Actinomycosis is diagnosed based on the histopathologic demonstration of sulfur granules in a tissue or organ that was surgically removed. Following confirmative diagnosis by surgical intervention, the patient was treated with oral doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 6 months. A follow-up abdominopelvic computed tomography after 16 months showed no evidence of inflammation. Moreover, the patient no longer had disease-associated symptoms and exhibited normal laboratory findings.
Analytic and synthetic
Authors: Haspelmath Martin , Michaelis Susanne Maria 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
It has long been observed that the modern European languages use more function words compared to earlier inflectional patterns, and this trend seems to have increased even further in creoles and other non-standard varieties. Here we make two arguments: First, we note that the terms synthetic and analytic are based on the “word” concept, which is not well-defined, so that these concepts cannot be used in a synchronic typology. But we can define a notion of “analyticization”, i.e. the replacement of an earlier pattern by a new, more elaborate pattern based on lexical or concrete items. Second, we observe that such analyticizations are particularly common in creole languages (when viewed as continuations of their lexifiers), and we hypothesize that this is due to the extra transparency that is required in situations with many adult second-language speakers.
Dynamics, variation and the brain
Authors: Schmidt Jürgen Erich 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
German dialects offer an unparalleled data situation for carrying out fine-grained research on language change. On the basis of empirical data, phonetic-cum-phonological change can be traced back over 100 years in time and space. Which factors play a role in triggering the different types of sound change can be determined on the basis of the available data. It will be demonstrated how neurolinguistic methods can be applied to study speaker-listener constellations between language varieties in contact with one another. Linguistic stability, word for word phonological change and the rapid change of phonemes as a whole are accompanied by differing physiological processes in the brain for the speaker and the listener.
Aggregate analysis of lexical variation in Galician
Authors: Sousa Xulio 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper presents the results of an aggregate analysis of lexical maps from the Atlas Lingüístico Galego. Aggregate dialectology enables an analysis of a large set of data and identification of behavioural patterns in it which help to account for territorial nuclei of spatial distribution. Using this procedure, we were able to identify in the Galician linguistic territory a set of dialectal areas showing internal similarity. The results also make it possible to discover areas where one may identify linguistic proximity to other zones belonging to adjacent, closely related linguistic domains within Galician. This study yields conclusions that are sufficiently solid to suggest that the analysis of lexical variation across space ought to be incorporated into descriptions of Galician language variation.
Vowel raising and vowel deletion as sociolinguistic variables in Northern Greek
Authors: Pappas Panayiotis A. 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
The research reported here is part of a longitudinal case study into the linguistic effects of de-urbanization, which is occurring in Greece due to severe economic recession. The overall aim of the analysis is to explore the way in which de-urbanization is affecting the evaluation and production of dialects in rural communities. In this paper, I present evidence that the features of unstressed vowel deletion and vowel raising are socially embedded in Northern Greek. Even though the usage of standard variants is very close to categorical, a quantitative comparison of the linguistic patterns of urban in-migrants who have returned to the rural community against the usage of speakers who have never left reveals that the use of standard variants indexes more advanced education and an orientation towards the urban lifestyle.
Variation in style
Authors: Adli Aria 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This study presents a sociolinguistic analysis of two linguistic variables of French, subject doubling and subject-verb inversion in wh-questions. First, factor and cluster analyses led to a grouping of the sample into four distinct lifestyle types. Then, statistical tests show that lifestyle, gender, and age are significant external factors, and that lifestyle exhibits the most salient effect. While the lifestyle associated with orthodoxy correlates with a high inversion rate (formal linguistic style) and low doubling rate (informal linguistic style), the group associated with heterodoxy demonstrates the inverse pattern. It stands to reason that sociolinguistic studies can uncover more patterns of variation if they go beyond the standard sociodemographic variables (such as age, gender, etc.) and a ‘narrow’ concept of class.
A corpus-based study of concessive conjunctions in three L1-varieties of English
Authors: Schützler Ole 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the concessive conjunctions although, though and even though in three varieties of English from different world regions: British, Canadian and New Zealand English. The analysis, which is based on the International Corpus of English, reveals that although and though are typically used to mark concessives of the semantic type referred to as speech-act concessive, while even though prefers another type, defined as content concessive. Notably, these semantic properties of conjunctions are very similar not only in the three varieties under investigation, but also in speech and writing. The paper thus highlights underexplored semantic characteristics of different concessive conjunctions and demonstrates their inter- and intra-varietal stability.
Variation in the structure of conjunctions in Luxembourgish German in the 19th century
Authors: Beyer Rahel 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This contribution aims to shed light on the structural development of Luxembourgish German in the 19th century. The fact that it is embedded in a multilingual context raises many research questions. The evidence comprises predominantly bilingual German/French public notices issued by the City of Luxembourg in this period. The analysis of two conjunctions suggests that processes of replication and interlingual transfer are sources for variation. It shows that the influence of French was particularly acute during the “French period” (1795–1814). However, rather than working in isolation, the language contact phenomena operate on the basis of similar constructions existing in the borrowing language. In addition, ancient German forms quickly disappeared, despite showing similarity to forms in the local dialect.
Geolinguistic documentation of multilingual areas
Authors: Oberholzer Susanne , Kunzmann Markus 
Published: July 2017

Abstract
This chapter presents the research project VerbaAlpina funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). The project investigates the specific Alpine lexis in the multilingual Alpine region where different dialects and languages from the Germanic, Romance and Slavic language families are spoken. This chapter focuses on the methodology used to transfer analogue data from traditional linguistic atlases and dictionaries into a digital format. The method used enables, for the first time, the representation and comparison of traditional geolinguistic data within a digital and multilingual research environment open to the public realm.
Platelet Aggregation in Direct Oral Factor Xa Inhibitors–treated Patients With Atrial Fibrillation: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bánovčin Peter , Škorňová Ingrid , Samoš Matej , Schnierer Martin , Bolek Tomáš , Kovář František , Staško Ján , Kubisz Peter , Mokáň Marián 
Published: July 2017

Background:
Activated factor X (factor Xa) plays an important role in regulation of platelets. The aim of this study was to test the effect of direct oral factor Xa inhibitors—rivaroxaban and apixaban—on platelet aggregation in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.

Patients and Methods:
This single-center pilot study enrolled 21 factor Xa inhibitors–treated (9 rivaroxaban-treated and 12 apixaban-treated) patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. The trough and peak samples of these patients were tested for adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced, epinephrine-induced, and collagen-induced platelet aggregation with light transmission aggregometry, and with factor Xa–calibrated anti-Xa chromogenic analysis.

Results:
The detected trough anti-Xa activity was 57.5 ± 43.4 μg/L. There was a significant increase in peak anti-Xa activity to 175.9 ± 119.6 μg/L (P < 0.001) observed. The platelet aggregation was reduced with reduced inductor concentration. However, no significant changes in ADP-induced, or in epinephrine-induced, or in collagen-induced platelet aggregation were seen comparing trough and peak sample. There were no significant differences in anti-Xa activity or in platelet aggregation comparing rivaroxaban-treated and apixaban-treated patients.

Conclusions:
This study showed that factor Xa inhibition does not affect ADP-induced, epinephrine-induced, and collagen-induced platelet aggregation.
Return to Driving After Hip Arthroscopy
Authors: Momaya Amit M. , Stavrinos Despina , McManus Benjamin , Wittig Shannon M. , Emblom Benton , Estes Reed 
Published: July 2017

Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate patients' braking performance using a modern driving simulator after undergoing a right hip arthroscopy.

Design:
This prospective study included 5 total driving sessions at which measurements were taken.

Setting:
The study was conducted at an academic medical center.

Patients:
A total of 14 patients scheduled to undergo a right hip arthroscopy were enrolled and compared with a control group of 17 participants to account for a potential learning phenomenon.

Interventions:
Patients drove in the simulator preoperatively to establish a baseline, and then drove again at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks postoperatively. The control group did not undergo any type of surgical procedure. The main independent variable was time from surgery.

Main Outcome Measures:
A modern driving simulator was used to measure initial reaction time (IRT), throttle release time (TRT), foot movement time (FMT), and brake travel time (BTT). The braking reaction time (BRT) was calculated as the sum of IRT + TRT + FMT, and the total braking time (TBT) was calculated as the sum of BRT + BTT.

Results:
The experimental group showed no significant changes in BTT (P = 0.11,

JOURNAL/cjspm/04.03/00042752-201805000-00009/inline-formula1/v/2023-09-24T061115Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.04) nor TBT (P = 0.20,

JOURNAL/cjspm/04.03/00042752-201805000-00009/inline-formula2/v/2023-09-24T061115Z/r/image-tiff

= 0.03) over the duration of 8 weeks. Although the experimental group did exhibit significant improvements in IRT (P = 0.002), TRT (P < 0.0001), FMT (P < 0.0001), and BRT (P = 0.0002) between preoperative and 2 weeks postoperative driving sessions, there were no significant changes thereafter. The mean preoperative TBT and 2 weeks postoperative TBT for the experimental group were 3.07 seconds (SD = 0.50) and 2.97 seconds (SD = 0.57), respectively. No learning phenomenon was observed in the control group.

Conclusions:
This study's findings suggest that patients may return to driving 2 weeks postoperatively from a right-sided hip arthroscopy procedure.
The Reconstruction of 2,631 Draft Metagenome-Assembled Genomes from the Global Oceans
Authors: Tully Benjamin J. , Graham Elaina D. , Heidelberg John F. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMicroorganisms play a crucial role in mediating global biogeochemical cycles in the marine environment. By reconstructing the genomes of environmental organisms through metagenomics, researchers are able to study the metabolic potential of Bacteria and Archaea that are resistant to isolation in the laboratory. Utilizing the large metagenomic dataset generated from 234 samples collected during the Tara Oceans circumnavigation expedition, we were able to assemble 102 billion paired-end reads into 562 million contigs, which in turn were co-assembled and consolidated in to 7.2 million contigs ≥2kb in length. Approximately 1 million of these contigs were binned to reconstruct draft genomes. In total, 2,631 draft genomes with an estimated completion of ≥50% were generated (1,491 draft genomes >70% complete; 603 high-quality genomes >90% complete). A majority of the draft genomes were manually assigned phylogeny based on sets of concatenated phylogenetic marker genes and/or 16S rRNA gene sequences. The draft genomes are now publically available for the research community at-large.
Key role of piRNAs in telomeric chromatin maintenance and telomere nuclear positioning inDrosophilagermline
Authors: Radion Elizaveta , Morgunova Valeriya , Ryazansky Sergei , Akulenko Natalia , Lavrov Sergey , Abramov Yuri , Komarov Pavel A. , Glukhov Sergey I. , Olovnikov Ivan , Kalmykova Alla 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTelomeric small RNAs related to PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) were discovered in different species, however, their role in germline-specific telomere function remains poorly understood. Using aDrosophilamodel, we show that the piRNA pathway provides a strong germline-specific mechanism of telomere homeostasis. We show that telomeric retrotransposon arrays belong to a unique class of dual-strand piRNA clusters whose transcripts, required for telomere elongation, serve simultaneously as piRNA precursors and their only targets. However, the ability to produce piRNAs and bind Rhino – a germline-specific homolog of heterochromatic protein 1 (HP1) – varies along telomeres. Most likely, this heterogeneity is determined by the peculiarities of telomeric retrotransposons themselves. piRNAs play a pivotal role in the establishment and maintenance of telomeric and subtelomeric chromatin in the germline facilitating loading of HP1 and histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation mark – highly conservative telomere components – at different telomeric regions. piRNA pathway disruption results in telomere dysfunction characterized by a loss of heterochromatic components and translocation of telomeres from the periphery to the nuclear interior but does not affect the telomere end capping.
The WYL domain of the PIF1 helicase from the thermophilic bacteriumThermotoga elfiiis an accessory single-stranded DNA binding module
Authors: Andis Nicholas M. , Sausen Christopher W. , Alladin Ashna , Bochman Matthew L. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTPIF1 family helicases are conserved from bacteria to man. With the exception of the well-studied yeast PIF1 helicases (e.g., ScPif1 and ScRrm3), however, very little is known about how these enzymes help maintain genome stability. Indeed, we lack a basic understanding of the protein domains found N- and C-terminal to the characteristic central PIF1 helicase domain in these proteins. Here, using chimeric constructs, we show that the ScPif1 and ScRrm3 helicase domains are interchangeable and that the N-terminus of ScRrm3 is important for its functionin vivo. This suggests that PIF1 family helicases evolved functional modules fused to a generic motor domain. To investigate this hypothesis, we characterized the biochemical activities of the PIF1 helicase from the thermophilic bacteriumThermotoga elfii(TePif1), which contains a C-terminal WYL domain of unknown function. Like helicases from other thermophiles, recombinant TePif1 was easily prepared, thermostablein vitro, and displayed activities similar to its eukaryotic homologs. We also found that the WYL domain was necessary for high-affinity single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding and affected both ATPase and helicase activities. Deleting the WYL domain from TePif1 or mutating conserved residues in the predicted ssDNA binding site uncoupled ATPase activity and DNA unwinding, leading to higher rates of ATP hydrolysis but less efficient DNA helicase activity. Our findings suggest that the domains of unknown function found in eukaryotic PIF1 helicases may also confer functional specificity and additional activities to these enzymes, which should be investigated in future work.
An exact transformation for CNN kernel enables accurate sequence motif identification and leads to a potentially full probabilistic interpretation of CNN
Authors: Ding Yang , Li Jing-Yi , Wang Meng , Tu Xinming , Gao Ge 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMotivationConvolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used in functional motifs identification for large-scale DNA/RNA sequences. Currently, however, the only way to interpret such a convolutional kernel is a heuristic construction of a position weight matrix (PWM) from fragments scored highly by that kernel.ResultsInstead of using heuristics, we developed a novel, exact kernel-to-PWM transformation whose equivalency is theoretically proven: the log-likelihood of the resulting PWM generating any DNA/RNA sequence is exactly the sum of a constant and the convolution of the original kernel on the same sequence. Importantly, we further proved that the resulting PWM’s performance on sequence classification/regression can be exactly the same as the original kernel’s under popular CNN frame-works. In simulation, the exact transformation rivals or outperforms the heuristic PWMs in terms of classifying sequences with sequence- or structure-motifs. The exact transformation also faithfully reproduces the output of CNN models on real-world cases, while the heuristic one fails, especially on the case with little prior knowledge on the form of underlying true motifs. Of note, the time complexity of the novel exact transformation is independent on the number of input sequences, enabling it to scale well for massive training sequences.AvailabilityPython scripts for the transformation from kernel to PWM, the inverted transformation from PWM to kernel, and a proof-of-concept for the maximum likelihood estimation of optimal PWM are available throughhttps://github.com/gao-lab/kernel-to-PWM.Contactgaog@mail.cbi.pku.edu.cn