bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Non-relativistic Free–Free Emission due to the n-distribution of Electrons—Radiative Cooling and Thermally Averaged and Total Gaunt Factors
Authors: de Avillez Miguel A. , Breitschwerdt Dieter 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Tracking the thermal evolution of plasmas, characterized by an n-distribution, using numerical simulations, requires the determination of the emission spectra and of the radiative losses due to free–free emission from the corresponding temperature-averaged and total Gaunt factors. Detailed calculations of the latter are presented and associated with n-distributed electrons with the parameter n ranging from 1 (corresponding to the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution) to 100. The temperature-averaged and total Gaunt factors with decreasing n tend toward those obtained with the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. Radiative losses due to free–free emission in a plasma evolving under collisional ionization equilibrium conditions and composed by H, He, C, N, O, Ne, Mg, Si, S, and Fe ions, are presented. These losses decrease with a decrease in the parameter n, reaching a minimum when n = 1, and thus converge with the loss of thermal plasma. Tables of the thermal-averaged and total Gaunt factors calculated for n-distributions, and a wide range of electron and photon energies, are presented.
Simultaneous Observations of H2O and SiO Masers toward OH/IR Stars
Authors: Cho Chi-Young , Cho Se-Hyung , Kim Sungeun , Kim Jaeheon , Yoon Dong-hwan , Hwang Jihye 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We performed simultaneous observations of SiO v = 1, 2, 29SiO v = 0, J = 1–0, and H2O

maser lines toward 252 OH/IR stars using the individual 21 m telescopes of the Korean VLBI Network (KVN). The observations for studying SiO and H2O maser properties associated with the different evolutionary stages of OH/IR stars were carried out from 2011 November to 2012 July. Both H2O and SiO masers were detected from 50 sources with a detection rate of 20% in one epoch of observation. One-sided SiO maser emissions without H2O were detected from 108 sources and H2O maser emission was detected from 11 sources, of which the detection rates were 43% and 4%, respectively. The overall detection rate of the SiO maser was 63%, and that of the H2O maser was 24%. There were 65 new detections in the SiO maser lines, 22 new detections in the H2O maser line, and 4 new detections in the 29SiO maser line. For the H2O and/or SiO maser- detected sources, mutual relations between SiO and H2O maser properties (including peak and integrated antenna temperatures, and full widths at zero power, etc.) are investigated based on a statistical analysis. We also investigate these maser properties on an IRAS two-color diagram related to stellar evolutionary sequences. In particular, a large number of SiO v = 2-only detected sources appear among the SiO-only detected sources compared to those of both H2O and SiO maser detected sources and also appear in the later evolutionary stages of asymptotic giant branch AGB stars in the IRAS two-color diagram. These results may be associated with the development of a hot and thick dust envelope at later stages of AGB evolution and the different excitation conditions of SiO v = 1 and v = 2 masers. Our observational results will be useful for statistical studies of circumstellar envelopes of OH/IR stars related to their late evolution and future very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations.
Perturbation of a Schwarzschild Black Hole Due to a Rotating Thin Disk
Authors: Čížek P. , Semerák O. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Will, in 1974, treated the perturbation of a Schwarzschild black hole due to a slowly rotating, light, concentric thin ring by solving the perturbation equations in terms of a multipole expansion of the mass-and-rotation perturbation series. In the Schwarzschild background, his approach can be generalized to perturbation by a thin disk (which is more relevant astrophysically), but, due to rather bad convergence properties, the resulting expansions are not suitable for specific (numerical) computations. However, we show that Green’s functions, represented by Will’s result, can be expressed in closed form (without multipole expansion), which is more useful. In particular, they can be integrated out over the source (a thin disk in our case) to yield good converging series both for the gravitational potential and for the dragging angular velocity. The procedure is demonstrated, in the first perturbation order, on the simplest case of a constant-density disk, including the physical interpretation of the results in terms of a one-component perfect fluid or a two-component dust in a circular orbit about the central black hole. Free parameters are chosen in such a way that the resulting black hole has zero angular momentum but non-zero angular velocity, as it is just carried along by the dragging effect of the disk.
Multi-Modal Imaging Including Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients With Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy
Authors: Werner Jens Ulrich , Enders Christian , Lang Gerhard Klaus , Lang Gabriele Elisabeth 
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:
New imaging methods provide novel insights into the pathogenesis of acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE).

PATIENTS AND METHODS:
Four patients (eight eyes) in acute, subacute, and late phases of the disease were analyzed with multi-modal imaging methods including optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), structural OCT, fundus photography, and fundus autofluorescence. One patient was observed during the entire disease course.

RESULTS:
In acute and subacute phases of the disease, an early blockage in fluorescein angiography was found. OCTA showed perfusion defects in choriocapillaris and choroid slabs. During the course of disease, perfusion deficits observed in OCTA imaging resolved first in the choroid and then in the choriocapillaris slab.

CONCLUSION:
Multi-modal imaging including OCTA supports the thesis that the underlying pathology of APMPPE is an inflammatory impairment of the choroidal circulation with secondary damage to the outer retina. OCTA might be able to replace fluorescein and indocyanine angiography in the diagnostic work-up of APMPPE.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2017;48:727–733.]
Pattern of occurrence and treatment outcome of second primary malignancies: A single center experience
Authors: Chaudhary Prekshi , Gupta Sweety , Leekha Nitin , Tandon Ruchir , Nandy Malay , De Sudarsan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background: The incidence of cancer survivors is increasing, but these individuals, unfortunately, face the risk of second primary malignancies (SPMs). This increasing incidence can be credited to increased survival rates of cancer patients, environmental factors, host factors, and genetic predispositions. Hence, vigilance on the part of the patient as well as clinician for the development of new signs and symptoms is mandatory. Aims: Retrospective analysis of the pattern of incidence and clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with SPM and to review the literature. Settings and Design: A hospital-based retrospective collection of prospective data of patients diagnosed with SPM. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six patients with histopathologically proven SPM from January 2009 to July 2015 were included in this study. Factors such as age, sex, site, stage, histology, treatment received, and outcome were recorded. Statistical Analysis Used: Basic statistical tools have been used for analyzing the data. Results and Conclusions: The likelihood of occurrence of second malignancy, either synchronous or metachronous, should always be kept in mind while evaluating a cancer patient. Appearance of new signs and symptoms during the initial evaluation as well as during follow-up should raise a suspicion, and both patient and oncologist should have a low threshold for further assessment. Early diagnosis and treatment will reduce morbidity and mortality and lead to better survival outcome.
Activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway and response to everolimus in endocrine receptor‑positive metastatic breast cancer – A retrospective pilot analysis and viewpoint
Authors: Bajpai Jyoti , Ramaswamy Anant , Chandrasekharan Arun , Mishra Surya , Shet Tanuja , Gupta Sudeep , Badwe R. A. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Introduction: Biomarkers predictive of response to mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, everolimus, in endocrine receptor (ER)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC) are a work in progress. We evaluated the feasibility of directly measuring mTOR activity and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) expression and correlating their expression with response and survival. Materials and Methods: MBC patients who received everolimus with endocrine therapy (ET) after progression on an aromatase inhibitor and had adequate tissue preservation for estimation of mTOR activity and PTEN expression were selected for analysis from a prospectively maintained database. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated by Kaplan–Meier method, and correlation between mTOR activity and PTEN expression with survival was done by log-rank test. Results: Thirteen ER-positive MBC patients were available for analysis. PTEN expression was lost in 11/13 (84.6%) patients and retained in 2/13 patients (15.4%). mTOR activity was absent in four patients (30.7%), weak in six patients (46.1%), and moderate in 3 patients (23.2%). Median PFS for the entire population was 2.5 months while median OS was not reached. Patients with an absent mTOR activity showed a longer PFS (5 vs. 1.5 vs. 2 months) than those with weak and moderate activity, respectively (P = 0.043). There was no correlation between loss of PTEN expression and PFS. Conclusions: Measurement of direct mTOR activity in patients with MBC receiving everolimus/ET combination appears feasible. Absent mTOR activity may predict for longer PFS with everolimus-ET combination and requires further study.
Breast cancer risk factor evaluation in a Western Himalayan state: A case–control study and comparison with the Western World
Authors: Thakur Purnima , Seam Rajeev Kumar , Gupta Manoj K. , Gupta Manish , Sharma Mukesh , Fotedar Vikas 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Context: Breast cancer incidence is increasing rapidly in India. The lifestyle, built, genetic makeup, reproductive and breastfeeding patterns are quite different in Indian females when compared to the Western population. Generalizing the Western data to the population residing in the Himalayan region would breed inaccuracies. Aim: The aim of our study was to identify risk factors in our own population in a Western Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh, India. Subjects and Methods: A case–control study with 377 cases of invasive breast cancer and 346 hospital-based controls was conducted for 1 year. The data were collected by interviewing the individuals during their visit to hospital using a questionnaire. The data were analyzed using standard statistical techniques using SPSS version 17 software. Results: Factors found to have strong association with invasive breast cancer on multivariate analysis are late age at first childbirth >30 years, which is the strongest risk factor associated, late age of menopause > 50 years, high socioeconomic class, and age of female above 50 years. Conclusion: In our females, age >50 years, late age of menopause (>50 years), late age at first childbirth (>30 years), and high socioeconomic status were found to be major risk factors associated with breast cancer. Several factors implicated in the Western data were not found to be significant in our study. We need to identify such aspects in reproductive and breastfeeding patterns of women and spread awareness regarding the same.
Experiences of two different modalities in the management of choroidal melanoma in the Asian Indian population
Authors: Meeralakshmi Prajna , Shah Parag K. , Narendran Venkatapathy 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background: Choroidal malignant melanoma is a rare intraocular cancer in Asian Indian population. There is a paucity of data from our population comparing iodine 125 (I-125) brachytherapy and enucleation. Aim: This study aims to compare two groups of choroidal melanoma patients treated with either I-125 brachytherapy or enucleation in the Asian Indian population. Objectives: To evaluate the long-term morbidity and mortality rates in choroidal melanoma patients treated with either I-125 brachytherapy or enucleation. Methods: It is a retrospective study involving forty four eyes, diagnosed with choroidal melanoma from May 2008 to February 2015. All were evaluated preoperatively for metastasis. Twenty-two underwent globe salvaging I-125 brachytherapy surgery whereas remaining 22 underwent globe destructive primary enucleation procedure. Results: At a mean follow-up 39 months, 2 of 22 cases (9%) died in the brachytherapy group. One was secondary to metastasis in the liver while the other case died of a natural cause. In the enucleation group also, there were two deaths (9%) secondary to metastasis. The metastasis free survival was 95% in the brachytherapy group and 91% in the enucleation group, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.3577). Kaplan–Meier survival at 3 years and 5 years was 95% and 89% for brachytherapy group and 94% and 89% for enucleation group. Conclusion: This study found no difference in the long-term survival of choroidal melanoma patients treated with either brachytherapy or enucleation in the Asian Indian eyes.
Unraveling the spectrum of KIT mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors: An Indian Tertiary Cancer Center Experience
Authors: Pai Trupti , Bal Munita , Shetty Omshree , Gurav Mamta , Ostwal Vikas , Ramaswamy Anant , Ramadwar Mukta , Desai Sangeeta 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Background: Primary mutations in the KIT gene are the driving force for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) tumorigenesis. Predictive role of KIT mutation status aids oncologists in patient management. There is a paucity of comprehensive data on the frequency of mutations in the KIT gene in GIST affecting Indian patients. The aims of this study were to determine the frequency and spectrum of molecular alterations affecting the KIT gene and assess their association with clinicopathologic features in a cohort of patients of GIST. Materials and Methods: Morphological and immunohistochemically confirmed GIST cases (n = 114) accessioned from August 2014-June 2015 were analyzed for mutations in KIT exons 9, 11, 13, and 17 and subjected to Sanger sequencing onto the ABI 3500 Genetic Analyzer. The sequences were analyzed using sequence analysis software: SeqScape® and Chromas Lite. Results: KIT mutations were seen in 70% of cases and the majority of KIT mutations involved exon 11 (57%), followed by exon 9 (10%), exon 13 (3%), and exon 17 (1%). Most common exon 11 mutations were in-frame deletions (61.4%) followed by substitution mutations (19.3%). Exon 9 mutations showed identical duplication of Ala-Tyr at codons 502–503. Simultaneous mutations affecting exon 11 and 13 were discovered. Novel variations, namely, p.Q556E (c.1666C>G), p.Q556dup (c.1666_1668dupCAG), p.K558_V559delinsS (c.1672_1677delAAGGTTinsAGT), p.Y503_F504insTY (c.1509_1510insACCTAT), and p.K642R (c.1925A>G) involving exons 11, 9, and 13, respectively, were observed. Interpretation and Conclusions: First study with complete analysis of all 4 exons of KIT (exons 9, 11, 13, and 17) in Indian GIST patients. Along with well-described KIT mutations, several rare double mutations as well as novel alterations were reported in this series.
Analysis of Respiratory Sounds: State of the Art
Authors: Reichert Sandra , Gass Raymond , Brandt Christian , Andrès Emmanuel 
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThis paper describes state of the art, scientific publications and ongoing research related to the methods of analysis of respiratory sounds.Methods and materialReview of the current medical and technological literature using Pubmed and personal experience.ResultsThe study includes a description of the various techniques that are being used to collect auscultation sounds, a physical description of known pathologic sounds for which automatic detection tools were developed. Modern tools are based on artificial intelligence and on technics such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy systems, and genetic algorithms…ConclusionThe next step will consist in finding new markers so as to increase the efficiency of decision aid algorithms and tools.
Effects of Seal Oil on Meal-Induced Symptoms and Gastric Accommodation in Patients with Subjective Food Hypersensitivity: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gregersen Kine , Lind Ragna A. , Bjørkkjaer Tormod , Frøyland Livar , Berstad Arnold , Lied Gulen Arslan 
Published: September 2017

Background Food hypersensitivity is a prevalent condition with poorly characterized underlying mechanisms. In the present pilot study we investigated effects of seal oil and soy oil on meal-induced symptoms and gastric accommodation in patients with subjective food hypersensitivity (FH). Single dose experiment: On three consecutive days, 10 mL of seal oil, soy oil, or saline were randomly administered into the duodenum of 10 patients with subjective FH and 10 healthy volunteers through a nasoduodenal feeding tube 10-20 minutes before the ingestion of a test meal. Short-term treatment study: 24 patients with subjective FH were randomly allocated to 10 days’ treatment with either 10 mL of seal or soy oil, self-administrated through an indwelling nasoduodenal feeding tube, 3 times daily. In both experiments meal-induced abdominal symptoms and gastric accommodation were measured by visual analogue scales and external ultrasound respectively. Results Symptoms and gastric accommodation were not significantly influenced by single doses of seal or soy oil. When given daily for 10 days, seal oil, but not soy oil, reduced total symptom scores significantly ( P = 0.03). The symptomatic improvement was not associated with improvements in gastric accommodation. Conclusion Daily administration of seal oil may benefit patients with subjective FH. The beneficial effect of seal oil in patients with subjective FH can not be ascribed to improved gastric accommodation.
Indications and Outcome of Endoscopic Papillectomy of the Major and Minor Papilla—a Prospective 5-year Study
Authors: Will Uwe , Gottschalk Peter , Bosseckert Hans , Meyer Frank 
Published: September 2017

Endoscopic papillectomy is a promising and challenging endoscopic intervention. The aim of this study was i) to classify the differential indication, and ii) to study the outcome in papillectomy of suspicious tumor lesions of the papilla of Vater (papilla). Methods Thirty nine patients were enrolled (22 males/17 females; range of age, 21-88 years) who underwent endoscopic papillectomy because of a polypoid tumor at the papilla revealed by previous endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) over a time period of 5 years. Follow-up EUS and histologic investigation were performed within 28 days(d). Results I) All tumors were detectable using EUS (range of tumor size, 1-4.5 cm). II) Indications, histologic diagnoses and their distribution were as follows: Group(Gr.)1 ( n = 21): Adenoma ( n = 18), uT1 carcinoma(Ca) of high risk patients ( n = 3) with R0 resection ( n = 17) vs. R1 ( n = 4; all reapproached using argon beamer). On the 28th postinterventional d, all subjects were free of tumor. Recurrent tumor growth was found in 3 cases after 6, 18 and 26 months respectively (range of endoscopic follow up [ n = 14], 3-60 months). Three patients (free of tumor) died from other causes after 3, 8 and 18 months, respectively. Gr. 2 ( n = 8): Contradiction between EUS (infiltrating tumor growth) and histologic finding (adenoma or unspecific inflammation); histological findings were: Adenomyomatosis of the papilla ( n = 5), infiltrating Ca of the papilla or peripapillary region ( n = 3). Gr. 3 ( n = 4): Neuroendocrine tumors of the major ( n = 2) or minor papilla ( n = 2): 2 benign, 1 Ca and 1 carcinoid tumor. Gr. 4 ( n = 6): Non-introducible catheter through the minor papilla in case of suspected pancreas divisum ( n = 2) or through the major papilla ( n = 1) after previous gastric resection (Billroth II) or because of Ca of the papilla with no successful attempts to drain the bile duct ( n = 3): Catheter insertion was achieved after papillectomy ( n = 3) or partial tumor resection ( n = 3). III) Complications: 8 of 39 patients (20.5%) developed postinterventional pancreatitis (severe course, n = 1); in 7 cases, bleeding occurred, no perforation was seen. The rate of recurrent tumor growth after R0 resection was 17.6% (3 of 17 subjects). In papillectomy is feasible in the case of i) polypoid tumor of the papilla, ii) infiltrating tumor growth revealed by EUS and negative histologic investigation (optional: plus deep biopsy), and iii) tumor lesion, through which catheter can not be placed to get access to the pancreatobiliary system. In endoscopic papillectomy fulfills diagnostic as well as therapeutic requirements and can be recommended as minimally invasive but appropriate method for well-defined indications of papillary tumor lesions.
Underlying—Disease Risk for Antispasmodic Premedication in Older Patients Undergoing Investigations of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Authors: Saito Noboru , Seshimo Akiyoshi , Kameoka Shingo 
Published: September 2017

Purpose Improve risk management of patients undergoing investigations of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, in regard to underlying diseases and choice of premedication. According to a nationwide survey in Japan, 74% of the deaths associated with premedication were patients aged 60 years or over. Methods Subjects were 418 patients undergoing investigations of the GI tract (367 endoscopy, 51 barium contrast radiography) between October 2001 and January 2004. Age distribution peaked in the 65-69 years group, and 40% of subjects were aged 65 years and over. Using a questionnaire, each subject was interviewed prior to the investigation to determine contraindications for anticholinergic agents or glucagon preparations. To confirm the risk associated with antispasmodic agents in elderly subjects, the group was subdivided into those aged under 65 years and those aged 65 and over, and compared. Results Anticholinergic agents were contraindicated in more than 50% of subjects aged 65 years and over, and glucagon was contraindicated in 11% of subjects aged 65 years and over. The proportion of elderly subjects in whom antispasmodic agents, including anticholinergics and glucagon, were contraindicated was significantly greater than for subjects aged under 65 years. Conclusions Using a written questionnaire at the time of obtaining informed consent facilitates the identification of underlying diseases and selection of appropriate premedication.