bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Extracellularly Extruded Syntaxin‐4 Binds to Laminin and Syndecan‐1 to Regulate Mammary Epithelial Morphogenesis
Authors: Shirai Kota , Hagiwara Natsumi , Horigome Tomoatsu , Hirose Yuina , Kadono Nanako , Hirai Yohei 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTEpithelial morphogenesis in the mammary gland proceeds as a consequence of complex cell behaviors including apoptotic cell death and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT); the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein laminin is crucially involved. Syntaxins mediate intracellular vesicular fusion, yet certain plasmalemmal members have been shown to possess latent extracellular functions. In this study, the extracellular subpopulation of syntaxin‐4, extruded in response to the induction of differentiation or apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells, was detected. Using a tetracycline‐repressive transcriptional system and clonal mammary epithelial cells, SCp2, we found that the expression of cell surface syntaxin‐4 elicits EMT‐like cell behaviors. Intriguingly, these cells did not up‐regulate key transcription factors associated with the canonical EMT such as snail, slug, or twist, and repressed translation of E‐cadherin. Concurrently, the cells completely evaded the cellular aggregation/rounding triggered by a potent EMT blocker laminin‐111. We found that the recombinant form of syntaxin‐4 not only bound to laminin but also latched onto the glycosaminoglycan (GAG) side chains of syndecan‐1, a laminin receptor that mediates epithelial morphogenesis. Thus, temporal extracellular extrusion of syntaxin‐4 emerged as a novel regulatory element for laminin‐induced mammary epithelial cell behaviors. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 686–698, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
GDNF From Human Periodontal Ligament Cells Treated With Pro‐Inflammatory Cytokines Promotes Neurocytic Differentiation of PC12 Cells
Authors: Yoshida Shinichiro , Yamamoto Naohide , Wada Naohisa , Tomokiyo Atsushi , Hasegawa Daigaku , Hamano Sayuri , Mitarai Hiromi , Monnouchi Satoshi , Yuda Asuka , Maeda Hidefumi 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTGlial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is known to mediate multiple biological activities such as promotion of cell motility and proliferation, and morphogenesis. However, little is known about its effects on periodontal ligament (PDL) cells. Recently, we reported that GDNF expression is increased in wounded rat PDL tissue and human PDL cells (HPDLCs) treated with pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Here, we investigated the associated expression of GDNF and the pro‐inflammatory cytokine interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β) in wounded PDL tissue, and whether HPDLCs secrete GDNF which affects neurocytic differentiation. Rat PDL cells near the wounded area showed intense immunoreactions against an anti‐GDNF antibody, where immunoreactivity was also increased against an anti‐IL‐1β antibody. Compared with untreated cells, HPDLCs treated with IL‐1β or tumor necrosis factor‐alpha showed an increase in the secretion of GDNF protein. Conditioned medium of IL‐1β‐treated HPDLCs (IL‐1β‐CM) increased neurite outgrowth of PC12 rat adrenal pheochromocytoma cells. The expression levels of two neural regeneration‐associated genes, growth‐associated protein‐43 (Gap‐43), and small proline‐rich repeat protein 1A (Sprr1A), were also upregulated in IL‐1β‐CM‐treated PC12 cells. These stimulatory effects of IL‐1β‐CM were significantly inhibited by a neutralizing antibody against GDNF. In addition, U0126, a MEK inhibitor, inhibited GDNF‐induced neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. These findings suggest that an increase of GDNF in wounded PDL tissue might play an important role in neural regeneration probably via the MEK/ERK signaling pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 699–708, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sorption mechansim of pharmaceuticals from aqueous medium on ionic liquid modified biomass
Authors: Lawal Isiaka A , Moodley Brenda 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe global use of antibiotics has become a serious concern because of its variety of potential adverse effects when present in the environment. Acute and chronic toxicity, impact on aquatic organisms, disruption of microbial populations, and dissemination into antibiotic‐resistant genes have reportedly been linked to pharmaceuticals. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of remediation of some selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous medium on ionic liquid modified biomass.RESULTSThe mechanism of sorption of pharmaceuticals on biomass and biomass modified with an ionic liquid (IL) was investigated. Kigelia pinnata (KP) was modified with IL to form modified biomass (KP‐IL). The pharmaceuticals investigated were ibuprofen (IBU), ketoprofen (KET), ampicillin (AMP) and diclofenac (DCL). Optimum adsorption was at pH 2.5 for AMP and pH 5 for IBU, KET and DCL. Sorption data for all the pharmaceuticals were best described by pseudo‐second‐order kinetics and the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Maximum sorption capacities of 251.2, 197.1, 276.8 and 73 mg g−1 were obtained for KET, DCL, IBU and AMP, respectively.CONCLUSIONThe study showed that KP‐IL is a good material for the remediation of pharmaceuticals, and the adsorption capacity was far better than that of the unmodified KP and biomasses previously reported in literature. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
An apparent relationship between Madden–Julian Oscillation and the advance of Indian summer monsoon
Authors: Singh M. , Bhatla R. , Pattanaik D. R. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA marked seasonality in the occurrence of Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) events is well known. The core region of oscillation is located at low latitudes (between the equator and 15°) in the summer hemisphere. The eastward progression of MJO signal interacts with the monsoon circulation and modulates the advance period of Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The analyses suggest that the mean advance period of ISM (41 days) is comparable with the life cycle of the MJO (30–60 days). The advance period of ISM has been categorised into normal, fast and slow‐advance years to decide the pace of the monsoon during progression of monsoon. During the period 1983–2015, the fastest progress of the monsoon was seen in the year 2013 (fastest advancement in the last 33 years) and slowest progress of monsoon was seen in the year 2002 (most lethargic advancement in the last 33 years). The results of the analyses show that variation in daily MJO‐amplitude during fast‐advancement years is more as compared with the normal and slow‐advancement years. The normal‐advancement years mostly occur during MJO phase 1 and phase 2 and fast‐advancement years frequently occur during MJO phase 2; however, slow‐advancement years are found to occur during MJO phase 5 and phase 6. The MJO phase 2 is the most frequent phase and MJO phase 8 is the least frequent phase during advance of monsoon. However, the highest amplitude is recorded during MJO phase 8. The strong (weak) monsoon current is modulated by strong (weak) MJO phases.
Phycocyanin‐specific absorption coefficient: Eliminating the effect of chlorophylls absorption
Authors: Yacobi Y. Z. , Köhler J. , Leunert F. , Gitelson A. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe applicability of algorithms for estimation of phycocyanin (PC) concentration based on light spectral reflectance heavily depends on the specific absorption of the pigment. But the determination of PC‐specific absorption coefficient is not a straightforward task, as PC optical activity is overlapped by absorption of chlorophylls. The aim of our study was to determine
(625)—the specific absorption coefficient of PC at 625 nm, in samples with PC concentrations ranging from 0.5 mg m−3 to 126.4 mg m−3 and varying proportions of chlorophylls a, b, and c in the samples. The effect of chlorophylls was subtracted from total absorption at 625 nm using Chl a absorption at 675 nm as a reference; the contribution of the chlorophylls was computed on the basis of their relative absorption at 625 nm and concentrations. The major effect on the precision of
(625) determination was imposed by Chl a absorption, but the effect of the accessory chlorophylls ought to be accounted for in order to arrive at reliable PC‐specific absorption values.
(625) varied widely, from 0.002 mg m−2 to 0.027 mg m−2, and decreased with increase of PC concentration. As PC concentration exceeded 10 mg m−3,
(625) was almost invariable, slightly oscillating around 0.007 mg m−2 and similar to PC specific absorption coefficient estimated by alternative methods. It is clear that a universal value is unfeasible, but
(625) of 0.007–0.008 mg m−2 seems an appropriate value for use in algorithms destined for estimation of phycocyanin in typical mesotrophic and eutrophic inland waters dominated by cyanobacteria.
Isolation enhancement of patch antenna array via metamaterial integration
Authors: Liu Zhao‐Tang , Qu Shao‐Bo , Wang Jia‐Fu , Zhang Jie‐Qiu , Hua Ma , Xu Zhuo , Zhang An‐Xue 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTA high‐isolation coaxial‐fed antenna array is proposed through the integration of metamaterial. To this end, a magnetic metamaterial, the substrate‐integrated split‐ring resonator (SI‐SRR), is designed and integrated in the shared substrate between two closely spaced antennas. Due to negative permeability of SI‐SRR, magnetic fields are blocked in the shared substrate. By suppressing the near‐field magnetic coupling, enhanced isolation between the two antennas is obtained. The antenna array was fabricated and measured. Both the simulated and measured results show that the proposed antennas can provide an isolation of 34.5 dB in the operation band, even when the gap between the two antennas is only nearly about 0.033λ. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2321–2325, 2016
A new frequency selective absorber surface at the unlicensed 2.4‐GHz ISM band
Authors: Kartal Mesut , Döken Bora 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTWireless devices in the unlicensed ISM bands cause mutual interference in indoor environments. This interference does not only degrade system performance but also compromises security. An efficient approach to solve this problem is transforming a building wall to a frequency selective surface (FSS), which filters undesired signals, but allows signals of other devices such as mobile phones, radios and televisions. As a band‐stop filter, FSS acts as a reflector that causes additional multipath, delay spread and signal degradation. The aim of this study is proposing a design of FSS absorber (FSAS) at the unlicensed 2.45 GHz ISM band to eliminate the reflected signal while it still acts as a band‐stop filter. Absorber characteristic is achieved by placing a second FSS layer comprising lossy periodic FSS elements or placing lumped resistors on the conducting paths of periodic element geometries. HFSS software is used for simulation and design purposes. The minimum attenuation was obtained as 20 dB on the transmission (S21) coefficient, while it was obtained as 10 dB on the reflection (S11) coefficient, respectively. The simulation and measurement results obtained show that the desired frequency response is successfully achieved for both TE and TM polarizations. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2351–2358, 2016
Compact UWB wearable planar antenna mounted on different phantoms and human body
Authors: Ali Wael A. , Mansour Asmaa M. , Mohamed Darwish A. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIn this article, the performance of compact planar wearable antenna 4.1 × 4.1 cm2 mounted on different phantoms and human body fed by microstrip line is designed to operate in ultra‐wide band applications. The proposed antenna consists of a circular patch with notch‐cut and U‐shaped slot on the upper side of the substrate and finite ground plane with rectangular shape defected ground structure (DGS) on the lower side. The U‐shaped slot and finite ground plane are used to achieve an enhanced impedance bandwidth. The proposed antenna is designed and simulated using Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) to verify its operation over larger frequency range from 3.6 GHz to 15 GHz. The return loss, VSWR, radiation pattern, and gain are investigated in this article and verified with the experimental measurements. The proposed wearable antenna radiates over a wide frequency band and can achieve nearly omnidirectional radiation patterns with an average gain of 3.11 dBi. A good agreement between simulations and practical measurements can be achieved in order to verify the suitability of proposed wearable antenna to be used in various UWB applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2531–2536, 2016
Evaluation of patients with refractory chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Authors: Kaplan Artem , Brannagan Thomas H. 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionChronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) is a common treatable neuropathy, however, nearly 20% of patients remain refractory to standard therapy for unclear reasons.MethodsWe did a retrospective review of 37 patients referred for CIDP refractory to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), plasmapheresis, and/or corticosteroids. Clinical findings, electrophysiological studies, and response to further therapeutic interventions were assessed.ResultsForty‐six percent of patients had CIDP, while 54% had alternate diagnoses. Of patients with confirmed CIDP, 87% showed improvement with escalation of therapy. Distal leg weakness, vibratory sensory loss, and widespread areflexia were significantly more common in patients with confirmed CIDP.ConclusionsReasons for therapeutic failure in CIDP are inadequate immunotherapy and alternative diagnoses. Certain clinical and electrophysiological features help to distinguish true CIDP from mimics. Once CIDP is confirmed, optimization of IVIg dosing, addition of corticosteroids, plasmapheresis, or chemotherapy results in consistent improvement. Caution is advised when using response to therapy to diagnose CIDP. Muscle Nerve 55: 476–482, 2017
Rasch analysis of SF‐Qualiveen in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Milinis Kristijonas , Tennant Alan , A. Young Carolyn ,   the TONiC Study Group
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUNDA 30‐item Qualiveen questionnaire was developed to measure the impact of urinary problems on everyday living in spinal cord injury, and subsequently an 8‐item SF‐Qualiveen was developed for those with multiple sclerosis (MS). The validity of this short form has not been previously examined using modern psychometric techniques, such as the Rasch measurement model.OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study is to test if the short form meets the requirements of the Rasch model.METHODSA total of 401 patients with clinically definite MS were given the questionnaire at three neuroscience centres in the UK.RESULTSA total of 258 patients (64.3% response) completed the questionnaire. The original scale failed to meet the expectations of the Rasch model. A two‐testlet solution was sought to account for local dependence, differential item functioning and disordered thresholds. After the modifications were made the scale fitted the model (χ2 = 5.93 P = 0.4305), had high internal consistency (α = 0.88) and was unidimensional.CONCLUSIONSSF‐Qualiveen is a simple and valid measure of the impact of urinary problems in multiple sclerosis, which meets the requirements of the Rasch measurement model. Summed ordinal scores can be converted to interval‐level using the transformation table provided.
Effects of structurally different noncoplanar and coplanar PCBs on HELF cell proliferation, cell cycle, and potential molecular mechanisms
Authors: Hashmi Muhammad Zaffar , Zhang Jingyu , Li Binglu , Su Xiaomei , Tariq Muhammad , Ahmad Najid , Malik Riffat Naseem , Ullah Kalim , Chen Chen , Shen Chaofeng 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTPolychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of chemicals that persist in the environment, indoors, and humans. Lung exposure to airborne and food contaminants, such as PCBs, may cause possible lung disorders, such as cancer. In the present study, we investigated the effects of structurally different lower chlorinated (≤4Cl), noncoplanar PCB40, and coplanar PCB77 on human lung fibroblast cell line (HELF) cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and possible molecular mechanisms. Noncoplanar PCB40 and coplanar PCB77 exhibited concentration‐ and time‐dependent biphasic dose–response effects on HELF cell proliferation. Noncoplanar PCB40 and coplanar PCB77 induced 23 and 45% cytotoxicity at higher concentrations than the control. The flow cytometry analysis showed that exposure to PCB40 caused a significant increase in time spent in the G1 phase but decreased length of the S phase in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner, whereas PCB77 exposure decreased time spent in the G1 and S phases but increased time spent in the G2 phase. Western blot analysis indicated that PCB77 increased the expression of cyclin E, CDK2, p21, and caspase‐9, while PCB40 decreased the expression of these proteins (except CDK2 and p21). An increase in CDK expression after exposure to PCB77 suggests that it may cause carcinogenic effects on HELF cells at higher doses. Our results also demonstrate that the different cytotoxic effects induced by coplanar and nonplanar PCBs were correlated with their structural characteristics; the coplanar congener was more cytotoxic than the nonplanar congener. The study elaborates threshold levels for these chemicals and suggests that the cytotoxicity mechanisms by which PCB congeners act on HELF cells depend on their planarity and chemical structures. Furthermore, the study will be important for developing antidotes to the adverse effects and risk assessment practices for PCBs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 1183–1190, 2017.
Effective Perioperative Communication to Enhance Patient Care
Authors: Garrett J. Hudson 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBreakdowns in health care communication are a significant cause of sentinel events and associated patient morbidity and mortality. Effective communication is a necessary component of a patient safety program, which enables all members of the interdisciplinary health care team to effectively manage their individual roles and responsibilities in the perioperative setting; set expectations for safe, high‐reliability care; and measure and assess outcomes. To sustain a culture of safety, effective communication should be standardized, complete, clear, brief, and timely. Executive leadership and support helps remove institutional barriers and address challenges to support the engagement of patients in health care communication, which has been shown to improve outcomes, reduce costs, and improve the patient experience.
Improving OR Efficiency
Authors: Vassell Patricia 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe high‐cost/high‐revenue environment of the OR requires special attention from managers to scrutinize and reduce costs. In the OR, nonlabor cost savings (ie, no staff member will be laid off or reclassified to realize cost savings) can typically be identified most readily. Operational costs in the OR are affected by start times, turnover times, cancellation rates, and adequate supplies, equipment, and staffing. Inefficiency in the OR can increase costs and lead to dissatisfied patients, physicians, and staff members. This article describes concepts that contribute to efficiency in the OR and illustrates the importance of staff member engagement in achieving desired outcomes.
How to analyze the Visual Analogue Scale: Myths, truths and clinical relevance
Authors: Heller Gillian Z. , Manuguerra Maurizio , Chow Roberta 
Published: July 2016

Abstract

Background and aims
The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) is a popular tool for the measurement of pain. A variety of statistical methods are employed for its analysis as an outcome measure, not all of them optimal or appropriate. An issue which has attracted much discussion in the literature is whether VAS is at a ratio or ordinal level of measurement. This decision has an influence on the appropriate method of analysis. The aim of this article is to provide an overview of current practice in the analysis of VAS scores, to propose a method of analysis which avoids the shortcomings of more traditional approaches, and to provide best practice recommendations for the analysis of VAS scores.

Methods
We report on the current usage of statistical methods, which fall broadly into two categories: those that assume a probability distribution for VAS, and those that do not. We give an overview of these methods, and propose continuous ordinal regression, an extension of current ordinal regression methodology, which is appropriate for VAS at an ordinal level of measurement. We demonstrate the analysis of a published data set using a variety of methods, and use simulation to compare the power of the various methods to detect treatment differences, in differing pain situations.

Results
We demonstrate that continuous ordinal regression provides the most powerful statistical analysis under a variety of conditions.

Conclusions and Implications
We recommend that in the situation in which no covariates besides treatment group are included in the analysis, distribution-free methods (Wilcoxon, Mann–Whitney) be used, as their power is indistinguishable from that of the proposed method. In the situation in which there are covariates which affect VAS, the proposed method is optimal. However, in this case, if the VAS scores are not concentrated around either extreme of the scale, normal-distribution methods (t-test, linear regression) are almost as powerful, and are recommended as a pragmatic choice. In the case of small sample size and VAS skewed to either extreme of the scale, the proposed method has vastly superior power to other methods.
Advancing theranostics with tumor‐targeting peptides for precision otolaryngology
Authors: Wright Chadwick L. , Pan Quintin , Knopp Michael V. , Tweedle Michael F. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWorldwide, about 600,000 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are detected annually, many of which involve high risk human papilloma virus (HPV). Surgery is the primary and desired first treatment option. Following surgery, the existence of cancer cells at the surgical margin is strongly associated with eventual recurrence of cancer and a poor outcome. Despite improved surgical methods (robotics, microsurgery, endoscopic/laparoscopic, and external imaging), surgeons rely only on their vision and touch to locate tumors during surgery. Diagnostic imaging systems like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron‐emission tomography (PET) are too large, slow and costly to use efficiently during most surgeries and, ultrasound imaging, while fast and portable, is not cancer specific. This purpose of this article is to review the fundamental technologies that will radically advance Precision Otolaryngology practices to the benefit of patients with HNSCC. In particular, this article will address the potential for tumor‐targeting peptides to enable more precise diagnostic imaging while simultaneously advancing new therapeutic paradigms for next generation image‐guided surgery, tumor‐specific chemotherapeutic delivery and tumor‐selective targeted radiotherapy (i.e., theranostic).