bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Electron Spin Polarization in Rechargeable Batteries: Theoretical Foundation and Practical Applications
Authors: Xia Huicong , Hu Yao , Li Zixin , Lan Haihui , Zhang Jianan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractElectron spin polarization (ESP) refers to the alignment of electron spins in a specified direction, with burgeoning research underscoring its pivotal role in enhancing rechargeable batteries. This review delves into the theoretical underpinnings of ESP and its intricate connection to the performance of rechargeable batteries, elucidating its potential to augment charge/discharge efficiency, elevate energy density, and refine overall battery functionality. The review further encompasses an overview of experimental methodologies employed to probe ESP in rechargeable battery systems, spotlighting seminal discoveries from contemporary studies and evaluating the hurdles and prospects linked to its practical applications. The profound advantages of ESP for rechargeable batteries are underscored, suggesting that harnessing this phenomenon can empower researchers and engineers to develop batteries with superior energy storage capacities, swifter charging rates, and extended cycle lifespans. Such advancements can expedite the adoption of electric vehicles and the seamless integration of renewable energy sources into power grids, among other high‐energy‐demand applications. In conclusion, this review offers invaluable perspectives on rechargeable batteries through the lens of ESP, with the insights presented here expected to catalyze further research and innovation in the energy storage sector, thereby advancing the development of sustainable and efficient rechargeable battery technologies.
Constructing of n‐Type Semiconductor Heterostructures for Efficient Hydrazine‐Assisted Hydrogen Production
Authors: Zhou Min , Yu Zhiqiang , Yu Guo , Fu Rong , Wang Shuocheng , Yang Wei , Liao Xiaobin , Zhao Yan , Wang Zhaoyang 
Published: September 2024

AbstractHydrazine‐assisted water electrolysis presents a promising approach toward energy‐efficient hydrogen production. However, the progress of this technology is hindered by the limited availability of affordable, efficient, and durable catalysts. In this study, a feasible strategy is proposed for interface modulation that enables efficient hydrogen evolution and hydrazine oxidation through the construction of n‐type semiconductor heterostructures. The metal–semiconductor contacts are rationally designed using ruthenium nanoclusters and a range of metal oxide (M–O) semiconductor heterostructures, including p‐type semiconductor substrates (NiO, Co3O4, NiCo2O4, CuCo2O4, ZnCo2O4) and n‐type semiconductor substrate (Fe2O3). Intriguingly, Ru nanoclusters supported on p‐type M–O substrates induce a transition from p‐type M–O to n‐type M‐O/Ru. The design of n‐type semiconductor heterostructures can significantly reduce space‐charge regions and increase charge carrier concentration, thereby improving the electrical conductivity of electrocatalysts. Moreover, Ru atoms can serve as highly efficient active sites for hydrogen evolution reaction and hydrazine oxidation reaction. The NiO/Ru heterostructure can drive current densities of 10 and 100 mA cm−2 with only 0.021 and 0.22 V cell voltages for hydrazine‐assisted water electrolysis. This work provides new insights for the development of highly efficient semiconductor catalysts, enabling energy‐saving hydrogen production.
Angular‐Inertia Regulated Stable and Nanoscale Sensing of Single Molecules Using Nanopore‐In‐A‐Tube
Authors: Yang Jianxin , Pan Tianle , Liu Tong , Mao Chuanbin , Ho Ho‐Pui , Yuan Wu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractNanopore is commonly used for high‐resolution, label‐free sensing, and analysis of single molecules. However, controlling the speed and trajectory of molecular translocation in nanopores remains challenging, hampering sensing accuracy. Here, the study proposes a nanopore‐in‐a‐tube (NIAT) device that enables decoupling of the current signal detection from molecular translocation and provides precise angular inertia‐kinetic translocation of single molecules through a nanopore, thus ensuring stable signal readout with high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). Specifically, the funnel‐shaped silicon nanopore, fabricated at a 10‐nm resolution, is placed into a centrifugal tube. A light‐induced photovoltaic effect is utilized to achieve a counter‐balanced state of electrokinetic effects in the nanopore. By controlling the inertial angle and centrifugation speed, the angular inertial force is harnessed effectively for regulating the translocation process with high precision. Consequently, the speed and trajectory of the molecules are able to be adjusted in and around the nanopore, enabling controllable and high SNR current signals. Numerical simulation reveals the decisive role of inertial angle in achieving uniform translocation trajectories and enhancing analyte‐nanopore interactions. The performance of the device is validated by discriminating rigid Au nanoparticles with a 1.6‐nm size difference and differentiating a 1.3‐nm size difference and subtle stiffness variations in flexible polyethylene glycol molecules.
Enhancing Detection Frequency and Reducing Noise Through Continuous Structures via Release‐Controlled Transfer Toward Light‐Based Wireless Communication
Authors: Jang Woongsik , Luong Hoang M. , Kim Min Soo , Nguyen Thuc‐Quyen , Wang Dong Hwan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractOrganic photodetectors (OPDs) have received considerable attention owing to their superior absorption coefficient and tunable bandgap. The introduction of bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) structure aims to maximize charge generation, however, its response speed is constrained by the random distribution of donor and acceptor. Herein, a multiple‐active layer design consisting of a single acceptor layer and a bulk‐heterojunction layer (A/BHJ structure) is introduced, which combines the benefits of both the planar junction and the BHJ, improving photo‐sensing. A transfer process is employed for this structure, which involves calculating the energy release rate at each interface, considering temperature and velocity. Consequently, the OPD with the A/BHJ structure is successfully fabricated through transfer printing, resulting in reduced dark current, superior detectivity (1.06 × 1013 Jones), and rapid response, achieved by creating a high hole injection barrier and suppressing trap sites within the interfaces. By thoroughly investigating charge dynamics in the structure, the A/BHJ structure‐based OPD attains large bandwidth detection with high signal‐to‐noise. An efficient wireless data communication system with digital‐to‐analog conversion is showcased using the A/BHJ structure‐based OPD.
Scalable Layer‐Controlled Oxidation of Bi2O2Se for Self‐Rectifying Memristor Arrays With sub‐pA Sneak Currents
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Lou Zhefeng , Hu Jiaming , Li Zishun , Xu Lanxin , Chen Zhe , Xu Zhuokai , Wang Tao , Wu Mengqi , Ying Haoting , An Minghao , Li Wenbin , Lin Xiao , Zheng Xiaorui 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSmart memristors with innovative properties are crucial for the advancement of next‐generation information storage and bioinspired neuromorphic computing. However, the presence of significant sneak currents in large‐scale memristor arrays results in operational errors and heat accumulation, hindering their practical utility. This study successfully synthesizes a quasi‐free‐standing Bi2O2Se single‐crystalline film and achieves layer‐controlled oxidation by developing large‐scale UV‐assisted intercalative oxidation, resulting β‐Bi2SeO5/Bi2O2Se heterostructures. The resulting β‐Bi2SeO5/Bi2O2Se memristor demonstrates remarkable self‐rectifying resistive switching performance (over 105 for ON/OFF and rectification ratios, as well as nonlinearity) in both nanoscale (through conductive atomic force microscopy) and microscale (through memristor array) regimes. Furthermore, the potential for scalable production of self‐rectifying β‐Bi2SeO5/Bi2O2Se memristor, achieving sub‐pA sneak currents to minimize cross‐talk effects in high‐density memristor arrays is demonstrated. The memristors also exhibit ultrafast resistive switching (sub‐100 ns) and low power consumption (1.2 pJ) as characterized by pulse‐mode testing. The findings suggest a synergetic effect of interfacial Schottky barriers and oxygen vacancy migration as the self‐rectifying switching mechanism, elucidated through controllable β‐Bi2SeO5 thickness modulation and theoretical ab initio calculations.
Polyfunctional and Multisensory Bio‐Ionoelastomers Enabled by Covalent Adaptive Networks With Hierarchically Dynamic Bonding
Authors: Dang Chao , Shao Yizhe , Ding Shuwei , Qi Haobo , Zhai Wei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDeveloping versatile ionoelastomers, the alternatives to hydrogels and ionogels, will boost the advancement of high‐performance ionotronic devices. However, meeting the requirements of bio‐derivation, high toughness, high stretchability, autonomous self‐healing ability, high ionic conductivity, reprocessing, and favorable recyclability in a single ionoelastomer remains a challenging endeavor. Herein, a dynamic covalent and supramolecular design, lipoic acid (LA)‐based dynamic covalent ionoelastomer (DCIE), is proposed via melt building covalent adaptive networks with hierarchically dynamic bonding (CAN‐HDB), wherein lithium bonds aid in the dissociation of ions and the integration of dynamic disulfide metathesis, lithium bonds, and binary hydrogen bonds enhances the mechanical performances, self‐healing capability, reprocessing, and recyclability. Therefore, the trade‐off among mechanical versatility, ionic conductivity, self‐healing capability, reprocessing, and recyclability is successfully handled. The obtained DCIE demonstrates remarkable stretchability (1011.7%), high toughness (3877 kJ m−3), high ionic conductivity (3.94 × 10−4 S m−1), outstanding self‐healing capability, reprocessing for 3D printing, and desirable recyclability. Significantly, the selective ion transport endows the DCIE with multisensory feature capable of generating continuous electrical signals for high‐quality sensations towards temperature, humidity, and strain. Coupled with the straightforward methodology, abundant availability of LA and HPC, as well as multifunction, the DCIEs present new concept of advanced ionic conductors for developing soft ionotronics.
Nonlinear Damping as the Fourth Dimension in Optical Fiber Anemometry
Authors: Williams Jeremiah C. , Chandrahalim Hengky 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn this study, nonlinear damping is introduced as the fourth dimension in the operation of a fiber tip optomechanical anemometer. The flow sensing element, featuring a 3D rotor measuring 110 µm in diameter and fabricated through a two‐photon nanomachining process, is monolithically integrated onto the cleaved face of the optical fiber, which serves as an integrated waveguide. As the rotor encounters airflow, it spins, and mirrors on its blades reflect light across the fiber core at each pass. This setup permits precise measurement of gaseous fluid flow with minimal sensor footprint at the point of detection and accommodates a variety of optical sources and measurement apparatuses without the need for specific wavelength or broad‐spectrum capabilities. To stabilize the rotation of the rotor and facilitate consistent frequency‐domain analysis, a polydimethylsiloxane hydrocarbon stabilizing agent is infused into the gap between the rotor and stator of the sensing element via dual‐function microfluidic channels. This enhancement allows for the measurement of gaseous nitrogen flow rates from 10 to 20 liters per minute (LPM), with a consistent periodic response. Comprehensive characterizations of the fiber tip anemometer are presented with and without the stabilizing medium, demonstrating its crucial role in regulating the dynamics between the rotor and the stator.
Cell Identity and Spatial Distribution of PD‐1/PD‐L1 Blockade Responders
Authors: Li Xintong , Liu Yuanxin , Gui Jun , Gan Lu , Xue Jianxin 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe programmed death 1 (PD‐1)/programmed death ligand 1 (PD‐L1) axis inhibits T cell activity, impairing anti‐tumor immunity. Blocking this axis with therapeutic antibodies is one of the most promising anti‐tumor immunotherapies. It has long been recognized that PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade reinvigorates exhausted T (TEX) cells already present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, recent advancements in high‐throughput gene sequencing and bioinformatic tools have provided researchers with a more granular and dynamic insight into PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade‐responding cells, extending beyond the TME and TEX populations. This review provides an update on the cell identity, spatial distribution, and treatment‐induced spatiotemporal dynamics of PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade responders. It also provides a synopsis of preliminary reports of potential PD‐1/PD‐L1 blockade responders other than T cells to depict a panoramic picture. Important questions to answer in further studies and the translational and clinical potential of the evolving understandings are also discussed.
Energy Efficient Memristor Based on Green‐Synthesized 2D Carbonyl‐Decorated Organic Polymer and Application in Image Denoising and Edge Detection: Toward Sustainable AI
Authors: Pal Pratibha , Li Hanrui , Al‐Ajeil Ruba , Mohammed Abdul Khayum , Rezk Ayman , Melinte Georgian , Nayfeh Ammar , Shetty Dinesh , El‐Atab Nazek 
Published: September 2024

AbstractAccording to the United Nations, around 53 million metric tons of electronic waste is produced every year, worldwide, the big majority of which goes unprocessed. With the rapid advances in AI technologies and adoption of smart gadgets, the demand for powerful logic and memory chips is expected to boom. Therefore, the development of green electronics is crucial to minimizing the impact of the alarmingly increasing e‐waste. Here, it is shown the application of a green synthesized, chemically stable, carbonyl‐decorated 2D organic, and biocompatible polymer as an active layer in a memristor device, sandwiched between potentially fully recyclable electrodes. The 2D polymer's ultramicro channels, decorated with C═O and O─H groups, efficiently promote the formation of copper nanofilaments. As a result, the device shows excellent bipolar resistive switching behavior with the potential to mimic synaptic plasticity. A large resistive switching window (103), low SET/RESET voltage of ≈0.5/−1.5 V), excellent device‐to‐device stability and synaptic features are demonstrated. Leveraging the device's synaptic characteristics, its applications in image denoising and edge detection is examined. The results show a reduction in power consumption by a factor of 103 compared to a traditional Tesla P40 graphics processing unit, indicating great promise for future sustainable AI‐based applications.
Industrial‐Level Modulation of Catalyst‐Electrolyte Microenvironment for Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Challenges and Advancements
Authors: Liu Weiyi , Lv Zunhang , Wang Changli , Sun Caiting , Tian Chongao , Wang Xiaoqi , Yu Huidi , Feng Xiao , Yang Wenxiu , Wang Bo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), as a promising strategy for storing renewable energy and promoting carbon resource recycling, is critical for industrial development. Previous reports have extensively explored catalyst‐electrolyte microenvironmental modulation to elucidate coupling mechanisms and enhance catalytic conversion to multicarbon products. Currently, most reviews mainly focus on the impact of microenvironment modulation in low‐current systems on mechanism exploration and performance optimization, yet few of them can integrate macroscopic applications with microscopic investigations to explore the relevance between industrial development and catalyst‐electrolyte microenvironmental optimization. To address the gap, this review focuses on summarizing the challenges and advancements in microenvironment modulation for the development of high‐current devices. By introducing models of different scales sequentially, the connection between microenvironmental modulation and device performance is clarified. Then, various invalidation mechanisms and effective solutions are summarized to intuitively expound the impact of microenvironment modulation on high‐current stability. Meanwhile, as an intuitive measure of the rationality of microenvironment modulation, evaluation methods of device performance should be refined, which are also covered in further detail below. Finally, more valuable and challenging prospects are discussed for guiding the further industrial transformation of CO2RR.
2D‐Pyroelectric Materials for Waste Thermal Energy Harvesting and Beyond
Authors: Kumar Ajay , Mandal Dipankar 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPolar 2D materials hold the emerging functionalities such as ferro‐, piezo‐, and pyro‐electric properties. On account of infrared‐active low bandgap and polar nature at reduced dimensionality, they served as an ideal choice of pyroelectric material. It can cover up a diverse range of applications, such as waste thermal energy harvesting, IR imaging, photodetector, temperature sensors, and several catalytic processes due to the abundance of dynamic thermal fluxes. Recently, 2D pyroelectric materials have manifested a substantial role in thermal energy harvesting. Consequently, it is realized that there are plenty of scopes available to diversify its applicability. Thus, the challenges are spotlighted in this perspective to envision the desired 2D pyroelectric materials to achieve the effective thermal energy harvesting, sensing, and catalytic efficacy. Particularly, the emphasis is given to elucidate the role of spontaneous polarization in 2D materials to ascertain the giant pyroelectricity.
Improving the Selectivity and Stability of Supported Cobalt Catalysts via Static Bi‐Doping and Dynamic Trace CO2 Co‐Feeding During Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Yao Yongbin , Wang Jingnan , Liu Qiang , Yu Can , Gao Zhan , Yuan Fangli , Wang Xi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractSimultaneously enhancing selectivity and stability on supported propane dehydrogenation (PDH) catalysts remains a formidable challenge. Here, we report a combined static and dynamic strategy to address these issues synergistically. Firstly, we demonstrate a feasible sol‐gel method for preparing atomically‐dispersed Bi‐decorated metal nanoparticle catalysts (MBi/Al2O3, M=Fe, Co, Ni, and Zn). In PDH testing, the total selectivity of by‐products (CH4 and C2H6) significantly decreases to 4 % for CoBi catalysts due to the static Bi‐doping, compared with 16 % for Co‐supported catalysts. Secondly, to enhance catalytic stability, we introduce a dynamic trace CO2 co‐feeding route. 10CoBi/Al2O3 catalysts exhibit superior durability against coke formation for 330 hours in PDH under a 40 % C3H8 atmosphere followed by pure C3H8 conditions at 600 °C while maintaining propylene selectivity at 96 %. Notably, introducing trace CO2 leads to a remarkable 6‐fold decrease in the deactivation rate constant (kd). Multiple characterizations and density functional theory calculations reveal that charge transfer from atomically‐distributed Bi to Co nanoparticles benefits lowering the energy of C3H6 adsorption thereby suppressing by‐products. Furthermore, the dynamic co‐feeding of trace CO2 facilitates coke removal, suppressing catalyst deactivation. The static Bi‐doping and dynamic trace CO2 co‐feeding strategy contributes simultaneously to increased selectivity and stability on supported PDH catalysts.
Integrated “Two‐in‐One” Strategy for High‐Rate Electrocatalytic CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Lei Peng‐Xia , Liu Shao‐Qing , Wen Qi‐Rui , Wu Jia‐Yi , Wu Shuwen , Wei Xiaoxiao , Feng Renfei , Fu Xian‐Zhu , Luo Jing‐Li 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECR) is a promising pathway to producing valuable chemicals and fuels. Despite extensive studies reported, improving CO2 adsorption for local CO2 enrichment or water dissociation to generate sufficient H* is still not enough to achieve industrial‐relevant current densities. Herein, we report a “two‐in‐one” catalyst, defective Bi nanosheets modified by CrOx (Bi−CrOx), to simultaneously promote CO2 adsorption and water dissociation, thereby enhancing the activity and selectivity of ECR to formate. The Bi−CrOx exhibits an excellent Faradaic efficiency (≈100 %) in a wide potential range from −0.4 to −0.9 V. In addition, it achieves a remarkable formate partial current density of 687 mA cm−2 at a moderate potential of −0.9 V without iR compensation, the highest value at −0.9 V reported so far. Control experiments and theoretical simulations revealed that the defective Bi facilitates CO2 adsorption/activation while the CrOx accounts for enhancing the protonation process via accelerating H2O dissociation. This work presents a pathway to boosting formate production through tuning CO2 and H2O species at the same time.
DNA Origami Vesicle Sensors with Triggered Single‐Molecule Cargo Transfer
Authors: Büber Ece , Yaadav Renukka , Schröder Tim , Franquelim Henri G. , Tinnefeld Philip 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInteracting with living systems typically involves the ability to address lipid membranes of cellular systems. The first step of interaction of a nanorobot with a cell will thus be the detection of binding to a lipid membrane. Utilizing DNA origami, we engineered a biosensor with single‐molecule Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (smFRET) as transduction mechanism for precise lipid vesicle detection and cargo delivery. The system hinges on a hydrophobic ATTO647N modified single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) leash, protruding from a DNA origami nanostructure. In a vesicle‐free environment, the ssDNA coils, ensuring high FRET efficiency. Upon vesicle binding to cholesterol anchors on the DNA origami, hydrophobic ATTO647N induces the ssDNA to stretch towards the lipid bilayer, reducing FRET efficiency. As the next step, the sensing strand serves as molecular cargo that can be transferred to the vesicle through a triggered strand displacement reaction. Depending on the number of cholesterols on the displacer strands, we either induce a diffusive release of the fluorescent load towards neighboring vesicles or a stoichiometric release of a single cargo‐unit to the vesicle on the nanosensor. Ultimately, our multi‐functional liposome interaction and detection platform opens up pathways for innovative biosensing applications and stoichiometric loading of vesicles with single‐molecule control.