bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Are millennials transforming global tourism? Challenges for destinations and companies
Authors: Veiga Célia , Santos Margarida Custódio , Águas Paulo , Santos José António C. 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of the millennials segment that is most likely to cause a significant disruption in the way the tourism sector is currently structured. A profile of this segment has been developed along with an analysis of the marketing implications for destinations and tourism providers.Design/methodology/approachThe research involved examining academic, institutional and trade literature to provide an overview of the millennials profile and the related developments causing disruptive changes in the tourism sector.FindingsThe characteristics of the millennials with the greatest potential to disrupt the tourism sector are their strong digital skills, high degree of permanent connectivity, search for outstanding experiences and altruistic behaviours. The results already present from these characteristics – with a high probability of intensifying in the future – are the practice of volunteer tourism, search for places not connected with tourism and adoption of new, disruptive technologies. Even though volunteer tourism is an act of altruism, it can have harmful implications for tourist destinations in which it occurs. In addition, tourist invasions of places traditionally occupied only by residents can lead to the removal of locals from these places, manifestations of “tourismphobia” and ultimately degradation of these tourists’ experiences. Finally, the adoption of disruptive technologies by tourism agents to fulfil the millennials’ demands for immediate responses reduces human interactions highly valued by millennials and, therefore, requires close monitoring.Originality/valueThis study’s value arises from its systematic identification of the millennials characteristics that are most likely to disrupt the tourism sector’s functioning, allowing the relevant stakeholders to adopt proactive strategies, minimise potential negative impacts and maximise opportunities.
Madeira tourism strategy: how to re-qualify a destination
Authors: Jesus Eduardo 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The Regional Government of Madeira has developed a re-qualification plan for the tourism sector to guide implementation of the recently launched tourism strategy for the destination.

Design/methodology/approach
The plan identifies the areas for intervention and the respective measures and actions to implement.

Findings
Human relations, resource management and training are among the main components that contribute to the success of a tourism value chain. It is also true that innovation and modernization in all aspects of energy efficiency, the digital economy, the environment and internationalization, should be a priority.

Originality/value
Any experience that stands because it is authentic is likely to attract tourists and affirm the destination. The implication is that it is essential that destinations know how to assert its uniqueness locally, via a strategy for innovation and creativity, without losing sight of its history and its essence.
Trends in wine tourism: the Fladgate group perspective
Authors: Bridge Adrian 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to analyse the enotourism sector, which is likely to continue to accelerate. As a product, it is well aligned with the hospitality and tourism industry.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on information drawn from official sources.

Findings
In Porto, the Fladgate Partnership is currently developing a World of Wine concept which will bring together a number of attractions inside the old Port lodges in the centre of the city.

Originality/value
In a world looking for new experiences, enotourism is one of the few types of tourism that can literally touch all the senses.
How technology is successfully transforming travel to better serve the ever–connected digital consumer
Authors: Loureiro António 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
This paper aims to explain how Travelport has responded to the trends and challenges of the travel industry. The travel platform by Travelport facilitates travel commerce by connecting the world’s leading travel providers with online and offline travel buyers in a proprietary business-to-business travel marketplace.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is based on information drawn from official information sources and relevant data from Travelport.

Findings
The key technology in play is the application programming interface (API). Driving travel performance is at the heart of Travelport’s mission, and the mobile-centric API encompasses the speed of search, relevancy of response and accuracy of data.

Originality/value
This paper presents the perspective of a global distribution system (GDS) operator regarding trends and challenges affecting the travel industry and the transformation of traditional GDS to travel commerce platforms.
Risk factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with non‐small cell lung cancer ≤ 2 cm in size: A monocentric population‐based analysis
Authors: Yu Xiyan , Li Yanwen , Shi Chunlei , Han Baohui 
Published: October 2017

AimThis study was designed to determine the risk factors of lymph node metastasis in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with tumors ≤ 2 cm, using the Shanghai Chest Hospital Lung Cancer Database.MethodsFive hundred and eighteen patients with NSCLC ≤ 2 cm were included in this study, and were classified into lymph node‐positive and lymph node‐negative groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to select the independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis in NSCLC patients.ResultsNo evidence of metastasis was found in tumors ≤ 1 cm, all positive results were in tumors sized 1–2 cm. Imaging characteristics, including solid and part‐solid nodules, were strongly associated with lymph node metastasis (odds ratio [OR] 24.959, 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.999–103.835, P < 0.001; OR 12.559, 95% CI 3.564–44.259, P < 0.001) and subgroup logistic analysis (OR 21.384, 95% CI 5.058–90.407, P < 0.001; OR 11.632, 95% CI 3.290–41.126, P < 0.001). Greater lymph node metastasis was observed in non‐adeno non‐squamous carcinoma. The presence of pleural invasion and carcinoembryonic antigen levels indicated lymph node dissection. Similar results were revealed in subgroup analysis in tumors ≤ 2 to > 1 cm.ConclusionSize had a great impact on lymph node metastasis, especially tumors of 1–2 cm. Preoperative imaging, non‐adeno non‐squamous carcinoma, pleural invasion, and carcinoembryonic antigen all indicated lymph node dissection. There was no discrepancy between N1 and N2 positive lymph nodes.
Quantifying the strength of migratory connectivity
Authors: Cohen Emily B. , Hostetler Jeffrey A. , Hallworth Michael T. , Rushing Clark S. , Sillett T. Scott , Marra Peter P. 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Technological advancements have spurred rapid growth in the study of migratory connectivity, the linkage of individuals and populations between seasons of the annual cycle. The strength of migratory connectivity is a measure of the co‐occurrence of populations throughout the annual cycle and can be represented by a correlation of the distances between individuals during one season and another (Mantel correlation, rM). However, measurement of seasonal distributions most often involves incomplete sampling and use of technologies that vary in accuracy and precision. For these reasons, we expanded rM to measure the strength of migratory connectivity (MC) with population‐specific transition probabilities that can be derived from many data types and uneven sampling.

We explore the sensitivity of MC to possible real‐world variation in input parameters: transition probabilities, abundance among regions, spatial arrangement of regions, and sample sizes. We compare MC to rM, present a series of resampling approaches for propagating uncertainty in input values into estimation of MC and rM, and validate the method with bird tracking data.

Migratory connectivity was negative when populations are further apart between seasons, positive when populations remain together between seasons, and zero when populations have no patterns in distribution between seasons. MC is most sensitive to transition probabilities and spatial arrangement of regions and performs better than rM when sampling effort is not proportional to true abundance, and when the strength of migratory connectivity varies across the range of the species. Our estimators for MC and rM performed well across several data types.

We hope that these methods and the MigConnectivity r package will facilitate quantitative comparisons of migratory connectivity across studies, data types, and taxa to better understand the causes and consequences of the seasonal distributions of populations. Several study design recommendations emerge from our simulations: (1) incorporate abundance among regions when sampling is not proportional; (2) measure transition probabilities across as much of the range as logistically possible; (3) define study regions with either biological information about population delineation, or use discrete study locations as centroids of regions; and (4) estimate and report uncertainty from appropriate sources of sampling and process errors.
Why character education?
Authors: Curren Randall 
Published: October 2017

Character education in schools has been high on the UK political agenda for the last few years. The government has invested millions in grants to support character education projects and declared its intention to make Britain a global leader in teaching character and resilience. But the policy has many critics: some question whether schools should be involved in the formation of character at all; others worry that the traits schools are being asked to cultivate are excessively competitive or military.In this pamphlet Randall Curren sets out a robust defence of character education. He welcomes the political support it presently enjoys, but contends that greater clarity about the nature, benefits and acquisition of good character is essential. In particular, he argues that too narrow a focus on traits like perseverance and resilience is a serious mistake: these traits are only virtues when they are part of a wider set of moral and intellectual qualities, and when their exercise is guided by good judgment.Curren offers us a compelling and coherent account of what good character is and how it might be cultivated in schools. He explains why schools must be needs‐supporting environments that provide students with opportunities to engage in rewarding activity, and why cultivating good character implies promoting the ‘fundamental British values’ of democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty, and mutual respect and tolerance. His groundbreaking pamphlet promises to expand the scope and strengthen the foundations of character education in British schools, and should go a long way towards allaying the fears of its detractors.
Hot Off the Press: Prehospital Advanced Cardiac Life Support for Out‐of‐hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Morgenstern Justin , Heitz Corey , Milne William K. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractThis retrospective cohort study examined the rate of survival to hospital discharge among adult patients with out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, comparing patients who received care only from basic cardiac life support (BCLS)‐trained emergency medical service (EMS) crews to patients who had an advanced cardiac life support (ACLS)‐trained EMS crew on scene at some point during the resuscitation. There was no difference in the primary outcome of rate of survival to hospital discharge (10.9% with ACLS care and 10.6% with BCLS care, p = 0.67).
Transcriptome analyses reveal genes and pathways associated with fatty acid composition traits in pigs
Authors: Zhang J. , Cui L. , Ma J. , Chen C. , Yang B. , Huang L. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryFatty acid composition is associated with meat quality in pigs as well as with obesity‐ and diabetes‐related traits in humans. Liver and muscle are important tissues for fatty acid metabolism. In this study, we evaluated correlations between liver and muscle transcriptomes and fatty acid composition traits in muscle and abdominal fat tissues in 335 F2 pigs from a White Duroc × Erhualian F2 pig resource population. Transcripts significantly correlated with fatty acid composition traits were enriched for genes involved in the categories of triglyceride catabolic process, mitochondrial function, hematological and immune system, and disease such as Type II diabetes. Gene co‐expression network analysis further identified liver network modules relevant to fatty acid unsaturation index that were enriched in platelet activation and the type I interferon signaling pathway and highlighted the connections between variations in fatty acid composition and genes involved in hematological and immune system. Integrative analysis of the expression QTL identified ELOVL6 and SCD as plausible candidate genes underlying the loci for muscle C18:1n‐9/C16:1n‐7 values on chromosome 8 and the loci for muscle C18:1n‐9/C18:0 contents on chromosome 14 respectively.
Nitrous oxide‐based vs. nitrous oxide‐free general anaesthesia and accidental awareness in surgical patients: an abridged Cochrane systematic review
Authors: Hounsome J. , Greenhalgh J. , Schofield‐Robinson O. J. , Lewis S. R. , Cook T. M. , Smith A. F. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryAccidental awareness during general anaesthesia can arise from a failure to deliver sufficient anaesthetic agent, or from a patient's resistance to an expected sufficient dose of such an agent. Awareness is ‘explicit’ if the patient is subsequently able to recall the event. We conducted a systematic review into the effect of nitrous oxide used as part of a general anaesthetic on the risk of accidental awareness in people over the age of five years undergoing general anaesthesia for surgery. We included 15 randomised controlled trials, 14 of which, representing a total of 3439 participants, were included in our primary analysis of the frequency of accidental awareness events. The awareness incidence rate was rare within these studies, and all were considered underpowered with respect to this outcome. The risk of bias across all studies was judged to be high, and 76% of studies failed adequately to conceal participant allocation. We considered the available evidence to be of very poor quality. There were a total of three accidental awareness events reported in two studies, one of which reported that the awareness was the result of a kink in a propofol intravenous line. There were insufficient data to conduct a meta‐ or sub‐group analysis and there was insufficient evidence to draw outcome‐related conclusions. We can, however, recommend that future studies focus on potentially high‐risk groups such as obstetric or cardiac surgery patients, or those receiving neuromuscular blocking drugs or total intravenous anaesthesia.
Knockout of histamine receptor H3 alters adaptation to sudden darkness and monoamine levels in the zebrafish
Authors: Puttonen H. A. J. , Sundvik M. , Semenova S. , Shirai Y. , Chen Y‐C. , Panula P. 
Published: October 2017

AbstractAimHistamine receptor H3 (HRH3) has substantial neuropharmacological potential. Currently, knockout models of this receptor have been investigated only in mice. We characterized the expression of this receptor in the zebrafish and generated a zebrafish HRH3 knockout line. Using this model, we studied the role of HRH3 in important behaviours. We also analysed the effect of HRH3 knockout on monoaminergic systems, which has not been thoroughly studied in any animal model.MethodsGeneration of a mutant zebrafish line using the CRISPR‐Cas9 system. Analysis of locomotor and social behaviour. Expression of HRH3 was characterized using in situ hybridization. Analysis of monoamine networks using HPLC, immunohistochemistry and quantitative PCR.ResultsWe found that HRH3 knockout zebrafish larvae showed a shorter period of increased locomotion after a sudden onset of darkness, while the knockout larvae had a wild‐type‐like acute response to sudden darkness. Adult knockout fish showed decreased swimming velocity, although locomotor activity of knockout larvae was unaltered. Additionally, levels of dopamine and serotonin were significantly decreased in the knockout fish, while monoamine‐related gene expression and immunohistochemistry patterns were unchanged.ConclusionsOur results show that HRH3 knockout larvae adapt faster to sudden darkness, suggesting a role for this receptor in regulating responses to changes in the environment. The decreased levels of dopamine and serotonin provide the first direct evidence that knockout of HRH3 alters these systems.
Inter‐group variability in seed dispersal by white‐handed gibbons in mosaic forest
Authors: Phiphatsuwannachai Suchada , Westcott David A. , McKeown Adam , Savini Tommaso 
Published: October 2017

AbstractSeed dispersers, like white‐handed gibbons (Hylobates lar), can display wide inter‐group variability in response to distribution and abundance of resources in their habitat. In different home ranges, they can modify their movement patterns along with the shape and scale of seed shadow produced. However, the effect of inter‐group variability on the destination of dispersed seeds is still poorly explained. In this study, we evaluate how seed dispersal patterns of this arboreal territorial frugivore varies between two neighboring groups, one inhabiting high quality evergreen forest and one inhabiting low quality mosaic forest. We predicted a difference in seed dispersal distance between the two groups (longer in the poor quality forest). We hypothesized that this difference would be explained by differences in home range size, daily path length, and ranging tortuosity. After 6 months of data collection, the evergreen group had a smaller home range (12.4 ha) than the mosaic group (20.9 ha), significantly longer daily path lengths (1507 m vs. 1114 m respectively) and greater tortuosity (39.1 vs. 16.1 respectively). Using gut passage times and displacement rates, we estimated the median seed dispersal distance as 163 m for the evergreen group (high quality forest) and of 116 m for the mosaic group (low quality forest). This contradiction with our initial prediction can be explained in term of social context, resource distribution, and habitat quality. Our results indicate that gibbons are dispersers of seeds between habitats and that dispersal distances provided by gibbons are influenced by a range of factors, including habitat and social context.
A prospective randomized controlled trial of the two‐window technique without membrane versus the solo‐window technique with membrane over the osteotomy window for maxillary sinus augmentation
Authors: Yu Huajie , He Danqing , Qiu Lixin 
Published: October 2017

AbstractBackgroundMaturation of the grafted volume after lateral sinus elevation is crucial for the long‐term survival of dental implants.PurposeTo compare endo‐sinus histomorphometric bone formation between the solo‐ and two‐window maxillary sinus augmentation techniques with or without membrane coverage for the rehabilitation of multiple missing posterior teeth.Materials and MethodsPatients with severely atrophic posterior maxillae were randomized to receive lateral sinus floor elevation via the solo‐window technique with membrane coverage (Control Group) or the two‐window technique without coverage (Test Group). Six months after surgery, bone core specimens harvested from the lateral aspect were histomorphometrically analyzed.ResultsTen patients in each group underwent 21 maxillary sinus augmentations. Histomorphometric analysis revealed mean newly formed bone values of 26.08 ± 16.23% and 27.14 ± 18.11%, mean connective tissue values of 59.34 ± 12.42% and 50.03 ± 17.13%, and mean residual graft material values of 14.6 ± 14.56% and 22.78 ± 10.83% in the Test and Control Groups, respectively, with no significant differences.ConclusionsThe two‐window technique obtained comparative maturation of the grafted volume even without membrane coverage, and is a viable alternative for the rehabilitation of severely atrophic posterior maxillae with multiple missing posterior teeth.
Clinical and demographic differences between patients with manic, depressive and schizophrenia‐spectrum psychoses presenting to Early Intervention Services in London
Authors: Kapila Adisha , Fisher Helen L. , Johnson Sonia , Major Barnaby , Rahaman Nikola , Joyce John , Chamberlain‐Kent Nick , Lawrence Jo , Young Allan H. , Stone James M. 
Published: October 2017

AimTo investigate the relationship between the presenting clinical and demographic characteristics in first‐episode psychosis (FEP) patients with their clinical diagnostic grouping 1 year later.MethodsData from 1014 first‐presentation psychosis patients from seven London‐based Early Intervention Services were extracted from the MiData audit database. Associations between clinical and demographic measures at presentation and clinical diagnosis made at 1 year were assessed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Chi‐square tests.ResultsThe sample comprised 76% of patients with schizophrenia‐spectrum diagnoses, 9% with manic psychoses (MP) and 6% with depressive psychoses. Compared to the other 2 groups, patients who were diagnosed as having MP were younger, with higher education and shorter duration of untreated psychosis, and had higher Young Mania Rating Scale scores at presentation and lower Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) negative scores. Patients diagnosed at 1 year as having depressive psychosis were older and more likely to be white, with the lowest PANSS positive scores at baseline. Patients diagnosed at 1 year as having schizophrenia spectrum diagnoses were more likely to be males. Patients in the 3 diagnostic subgroups of psychosis differed on both clinical and demographic characteristics at presentation.ConclusionsThere were significant clinical and demographic differences at presentation between FEP patients who received different clinical diagnoses at 1 year. Future work should determine the extent to which these differences can be used to guide clinical care.