bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognosis in Soft Tissue Disorders of the Shoulder: Predicting Both Change in Disability and Level of Disability After Treatment
Authors: Kennedy Carol A , Manno Michael , Hogg-Johnson Sheilah , Haines Ted , Hurley Laurie , McKenzie Deirdre , Beaton Dorcas E 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Clinicians often are faced with questions about prognosis and outcome of shoulder disorders. The purpose of this study was to identify predictors of both change in disability and level of disability following physical therapy treatment. Subjects. The subjects were consecutive patients (n=361) who were receiving physical therapy for soft tissue shoulder disorders. Methods. Clinical response to physical therapy, which was measured using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) measure, was assessed over 12 weeks. The 28 independent baseline predictors included demographics, disorder-related and disability measures, medication use, clinical findings, and expectations for recovery. Multiple linear regression techniques were used. Results. Predictors of greater disability at discharge were: higher initial disability, therapist prediction of restricted activities at discharge, workers’ compensation claim, older age, and being female. Predictors of greater improvement in disability were: shoulder surgery, higher pain intensity, shorter duration of symptoms, younger age, and poorer general physical health (measured using the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey [SF-36]). Discussion and Conclusions. Prognostic factors differ depending on the format of the outcome. Only age was significant in both models. [Kennedy CA, Manno M, Hogg-Johnson S, et al. Prognosis in soft tissue disorders of the shoulder: predicting both change in disability and level of disability after treatment. Phys Ther. 2006;86:1013–1032.]
A Simplified Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement Instrument
Authors: Hsueh I-Ping , Wang Wen-Chung , Wang Chun-Hou , Sheu Ching-Fan , Lo Sing-Kai , Lin Jau-Hong , Hsieh Ching-Lin 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. An efficient, reliable, and valid instrument for assessing motor function in patients with stroke is needed by both clinicians and researchers. To improve administration efficiency, we applied the multidimensional Rasch model to the 30-item, 3-subscale Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) instrument to produce a concise, reliable, and valid instrument (simplified STREAM [S-STREAM]) for measuring motor function in patients with stroke. Subjects and Methods. The STREAM (consisting of 3 subscales: upper-limb movements, lower-limb movements, and mobility) was administered to 351 subjects with first stroke occurrence and a median time after stroke of 12.5 months. The unidimensionality of each subscale of the STREAM first was verified with unidimensional Rasch analysis. Each subscale of the STREAM then was simplified by deleting redundant items on the basis of expert opinion and the results of the Rasch analysis. The Rasch reliability of the S-STREAM and the concurrent validity of the S-STREAM with the STREAM were examined with multidimensional Rasch analysis and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Results. After deleting the items that did not fit the Rasch model, we found that the 8-item upper-limb movement subscale, the 9-item lower-limb movement subscale, and the 10-item mobility subscale assessed single, unidimensional upper-limb movements, lower-limb movements, and mobility, respectively. We selected 5 items from each subscale to construct the S-STREAM and found that the reliability of each subscale of the resulting simplified instrument was high (Rasch reliability coefficients of ≥.91). The agreement between the subscale scores (Rasch estimates) of the S-STREAM and those of the STREAM was excellent (ICC of ≥.99, with a lower limit for the 95% confidence interval of ≥.985), indicating good concurrent validity of the S-STREAM with the STREAM. Discussion and Conclusion. The S-STREAM demonstrates high Rasch reliability, unidimensionality, and concurrent validity with the STREAM in patients with stroke. Furthermore, the S-STREAM is efficient to administer, as it consists of only half the number of items in the original STREAM. Additional studies to examine other psychometric properties (eg, predictive validity and responsiveness) of the S-STREAM or its psychometric properties in various recovery stages after stroke are needed to further establish its utility in both clinical and research settings.
A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Exercise, Manual Therapy, Electrotherapy, Relaxation Training, and Biofeedback in the Management of Temporomandibular Disorder
Authors: Medlicott Marega S , Harris Susan R 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background and Purpose. This systematic review analyzed studies examining the effectiveness of various physical therapy interventions for temporomandibular disorder. Methods. Studies met 4 criteria: (1) subjects were from 1 of 3 groups identified in the first axis of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders, (2) the intervention was within the realm of physical therapist practice, (3) an experimental design was used, and (4) outcome measures assessed one or more primary presenting symptoms. Thirty studies were evaluated using Sackett’s rules of evidence and 10 scientific rigor criteria. Four randomly selected articles were classified independently by 2 raters (interrater agreement of 100% for levels of evidence and 73.5% for methodological rigor). Results. The following recommendations arose from the 30 studies: (1) active exercises and manual mobilizations may be effective; (2) postural training may be used in combination with other interventions, as independent effects of postural training are unknown; (3) mid-laser therapy may be more effective than other electrotherapy modalities; (4) programs involving relaxation techniques and biofeedback, electromyography training, and proprioceptive re-education may be more effective than placebo treatment or occlusal splints; and (5) combinations of active exercises, manual therapy, postural correction, and relaxation techniques may be effective. Discussion and Conclusion. These recommendations should be viewed cautiously. Consensus on defining temporomandibular joint disorder, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and use of reliable and valid outcome measures would yield more rigorous research. [Medlicott MS, Harris SR. A systematic review of the effectiveness of exercise, manual therapy, electrotherapy, relaxation training, and biofeedback in the management of temporomandibular disorder. Phys Ther. 2006;86:955–973.]
Effect of Pelvic-Floor Muscle Exercise Position on Continence and Quality-of-Life Outcomes in Women With Stress Urinary Incontinence
Authors: Borello-France Diane F , Zyczynski Halina M , Downey Patricia A , Rause Christine R , Wister Joseph A 
Published: February 2017

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Pelvic-floor muscle (PFM) exercises are effective in reducing stress urinary incontinence (SUI), but few studies have investigated the effect of specific exercise variables on treatment outcomes. This study explored the effect of exercise position on treatment outcomes in women with SUI. Subjects and Methods. Forty-four women were randomly assigned to exercise in the supine position only or in both supine and upright positions. Bladder diary, pad test, urodynamic test, quality-of-life (Incontinence Impact Questionnaire [IIQ]), and PFM strength outcomes were obtained at baseline and after treatment. Results. Exercise position did not affect outcomes. After data from both groups were collapsed, statistically significant improvements with treatment were observed in bladder diary, IIQ, PFM strength, and urodynamic test results. Discussion and Conclusion. Exercise position did not differentially affect treatment outcomes. However, women in this study achieved a mean 67.9% reduction in the frequency of SUI episodes and improvements in other study outcomes. [Borello-France DF, Zyczynski HM, Downey PA, et al. Effect of pelvic-floor muscle exercise position on continence and quality-of-life outcomes in women with stress urinary incontinence. Phys Ther. 2006;86:974–986.]
Synergies in Health and Disease: Relations to Adaptive Changes in Motor Coordination
Authors: Latash Mark L , Anson J Greg 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
This article describes an approach to motor synergies that allows them to be quantified in people with atypical movement patterns during exercise or practice. Within this approach, motor variability may be classified with respect to a task-specific performance variable as “good” (not affecting the variable) or “bad” (changing the variable). The authors review studies of motor synergies in people with typical movement patterns, in people with Down syndrome, in patients after stroke, and in elderly people. Two stages of practice effects on motor synergies are described as being characterized by different changes in the synergy index: an increase followed by a drop in the index. Synergy changes with practice may be accompanied by plastic changes in both descending projections from the primary cortex and interhemispheric projections. The authors emphasize the importance—for practitioners in the area of motor disorders and rehabilitation—of being aware of the latest progress in motor control and coordination.
Reprint—Comprehensive Foot Examination and Risk Assessment: A Report of the Task Force of the Foot Care Interest Group of the American Diabetes Association, With Endorsement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
Authors: Boulton Andrew JM , Armstrong David G , Albert Stephen F , Frykberg Robert G , Hellman Richard , Kirkman M Sue , Lavery Lawrence A , LeMaster Joseph W , Mills Joseph L , Mueller Michael J , Sheehan Peter , Wukich Dane K 
Published: February 2017

The following article1 is the report of an American Diabetes Association task force that summarizes the recent literature on tests and measures to identify people at risk for foot ulceration and to recommend what should be included in the comprehensive foot exam for adult patients with diabetes. Although this information would be timely and pertinent for physical therapists at any time, its content is particularly complementary to the content of PTJ's Special Issue on Diabetes.
This article has been reprinted with permission of the American Diabetes Association from Boulton AJM, Armstrong DG, Albert SF, et al. Comprehensive foot examination and risk assessment: a report of the Task Force of the Foot Care Interest Group of the American Diabetes Association, with endorsement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1679-1685. DOI: 10.2337/dc08-9021. Available online at: http://care.diabetesjournals.org.
Copyright ©2008 American Diabetes Association. From Diabetes Care®, Vol 31, 2008; 1679-1685. Reprinted with permission from The American Diabetes Association.
Reference
1 Boulton AJM , ArmstrongDG, AlbertSF, . Comprehensive foot examination and risk assessment: a report of the Task Force of the Foot Care Interest Group of the American Diabetes Association, with endorsement by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Diabetes Care. 2008;31:1679–1685.
Ethnic Differences in Self-Reported Sleep Problems in Older Adults
Authors: Jean-Louis G , Magai C M , Cohen C I , Zizi F , von Gizycki H , DiPalma J , Casimir G J 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Study Objectives:
To date, conflicting observations have been made regarding ethnic differences in sleep patterns. Plausibly, differing sampling strategies and disparity in the cohorts investigated might help explain discrepant findings. To our knowledge population-based studies investigating ethnic differences in sleep complaints have not addressed within-group ethnic heterogeneity, although within-group health disparities have been documented.

Design
Volunteers (n =1118) in this study were community-residing older European Americans and African Americans residing in Brooklyn, New York, which were recruited by a stratified, cluster sampling technique. Trained interviewers of the same race as the respondents gathered data during face-to-face interviews conducted either in the respondent's home or another location of their choice. Data included demographic and health risk factors, physical health, social support, and emotional experience. Relationships of demographic and health risk factors to sleep disturbances were examined in multiple linear regression analyses. Withingroup differences in sleep complaints were also explored.

Setting
N/A

Participants
N/A

Interventions
N/A

Measurements and Results
Of the factors showing significant associations with sleep disturbance, European American ethnicity was the most significant predictor (r2 = 0.20). Worse sleep and greater reliance on sleep medicine were observed among European Americans. Caribbean Americans reported less sleep complaints than did U.S.-born African Americans, and immigrant European Americans reported greater complaints than did US-born European Americans.

Conclusions
As expected several health risk factors were predictive of sleep disturbance among urban community-dwelling older adults, but ethnicity was the most significant predictor. The present data suggest both between-group and within-group ethnic differences in sleep complaints. Understanding of demographic and cultural differences between African Americans and European Americans may be critical in interpreting subjective health-related data.
Genioglossal Muscle Response to CO2 Stimulation During NREM Sleep
Authors: Lo Yu-Lun , Jordan Amy S. , Malhotra Atul , Wellman Andrew , Heinzer Raphael C. , Schory Karen , Dover Louise , Fogel Robert B. , White David P. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Study Objectives:
The objective was to evaluate the responsiveness of upper airway muscles to hypercapnia with and without intrapharyngeal negative pressure during non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep and wakefulness.

Design:
We assessed the genioglossal muscle response to CO2 off and on continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (to attenuate negative pressure) during stable NREM sleep and wakefulness in the supine position.

Setting:
Laboratory of the Sleep Medicine Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital.

Patients or Participants:
Eleven normal healthy subjects.

Interventions:
During wakefulness and NREM sleep, we measured genioglossal electromyography (EMG) on and off CPAP at the normal eupneic level and at levels 5 and 10 mm Hg above the awake eupneic level.

Measurements and Results:
We observed that CO2 could increase upper-airway muscle activity during NREM sleep and wakefulness in the supine position with and without intrapharyngeal negative pressure. The application of nasal CPAP significantly decreased genioglossal EMG at all 3 levels of PETCO2 during NREM sleep (13.0 ± 4.9% vs. 4.6 ± 1.6% of maximal EMG, 14.6 ± 5.6% vs. 7.1 ± 2.3% of maximal EMG, and 17.3 ± 6.3% vs. 10.2 ± 3.1% of maximal EMG, respectively). However, the absence of negative pressure in the upper airway did not significantly affect the slope of the pharyngeal airway dilator muscle response to hypercapnia during NREM sleep (0.72 ± 0.30% vs. 0.79 ± 0.27% of maximal EMG per mm Hg PCO2 , respectively, off and on CPAP).

Conclusions:
We conclude that both chemoreceptive and negative pressure reflex inputs to this upper airway dilator muscle are still active during stable NREM sleep.

Citation:
Lo YL; Jordan AS; Malhotra A et al. Genioglossal muscle responseto CO2 stimulation during NREM sleep.
Effects of Sleep Fragmentation on the Arousability to Resistive Loading in NREM and REM Sleep in Normal Men
Authors: Zavodny Jeannette , Roth Corinne , Bassetti Claudio L. , Mathis Johannes , Douglas Neil J. , Gugger Matthias 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Study Objectives:
In healthy subjects, arousability to inspiratory resistive loading is greater during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared with non-REM (NREM) sleep but is poorest in REM sleep in patients with sleep apnea. We therefore examined the hypothesis that sleep fragmentation impairs arousability, especially from REM sleep.

Design:
Two blocks of 3 polysomnographies (separated by at least 1 week) were performed randomly. An inspiratory-loaded night followed either 2 undisturbed control nights (LNC) or 2 acoustically fragmented nights (LNF).

Setting:
Sleep laboratory.

Participants:
Sixteen healthy men aged 20 to 29 years.

Intervention:
In both loaded nights, an inspiratory resistive load was added via a valved facemask every 2 minutes during sleep and turned off either when arousal occurred or after 2 minutes.

Measurements and Results:
During LNF, arousability remained significantly greater in REM sleep (71% aroused within 2 minutes) compared with stage 2 (29%) or stage 3/4 (16%) sleep. After sleep fragmentation, arousability was decreased in stage 2 sleep (LNF: 29%; LNC: 38%; p &lt;.05) and low in early REM sleep, increasing across the night (p &lt; .01). In stage 3/4 sleep, neither an attenuation nor a change across the night was seen after sleep fragmentation.

Conclusions:
Mild sleep fragmentation is already sufficient to attenuate arousability in stage 2 sleep and to decrease arousability in early, compared with late, REM sleep. This means that sleep fragmentation affects the arousal response to increasing resistance and that the effects are different in stage 2 and REM sleep. The biologic reason for this increase in the arousal response in REM sleep across the night is not clear.

Citation:
Zavodny J; Roth C; Bassetti CL et al. Effects of sleep fragmentation on the arousability to resistive loading in NREM and REM sleep in normal men.
Nutrition Outweighs Defense:Myzus Persicae(Green Peach Aphid) Prefers and Performs Better on Young Leaves of Cabbage
Authors: Cao He-He , Zhanga Zhan-Feng , Wang Xiao-Feng , Liu Tong-Xian 
Published: February 2017

AbstractPlant leaves of different ages differ in nutrition and toxic metabolites and thus exhibit various resistance levels against insect herbivores. However, little is known about the relationship between leaf ontogeny and plant resistance against phloem-feeding insects. In this study, we found that the green peach aphid,Myzus persicaeSulzer, preferred to settle on young cabbage leaves (Brassica oleraceaL. var.capitata) rather than mature or old leaves, although young leaves contained the highest concentration of glucosinolates. Furthermore, aphids feeding on young leaves had higher levels of glucosinolates in their bodies, but aphids performed better on young leaves in terms of body weight and population growth. The concentration of glutamine in young leaves was the highest, which stimulated aphids feeding when added to the sucrose solution. Phloem sap of young leaves had higher amino acid:sucrose molar ratio than mature leaves, and aphids feeding on young leaves showed two times longer phloem feeding time and five times more dry honeydew excretion than on other leaves. These results indicate that aphids acquired the highest amount of nutrition and defensive metabolites when feeding on young cabbage leaves that are strong natural plant sinks. The higher phloem sap availability of young leaves likely contributes to the attractiveness and suitability for aphids and may compensate the negative effects of glucosinolates on aphids. According to these findings, we propose that phloem sap availability influenced by leaf ontogeny and source-sink status play a significant role in plant-aphid interaction, which desires more attention in future research.
A performance assessment of relatedness inference methods using genome-wide data from thousands of relatives
Authors: Ramstetter Monica D. , Dyer Thomas D. , Lehman Donna M. , Curran Joanne E. , Duggirala Ravindranath , Blangero John , Mezey Jason G. , Williams Amy L. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractInferring relatedness from genomic data is an essential component of genetic association studies, population genetics, forensics, and genealogy. While numerous methods exist for inferring relatedness, thorough evaluation of these approaches in real data has been lacking. Here, we report an assessment of 12 state-of-the-art pairwise relatedness inference methods using a dataset with 2,485 individuals contained in several large pedigrees that span up to six generations. We find that all methods have high accuracy (~92% – 99%) when detecting first and second degree relationships, but their accuracy dwindles to less than 43% for seventh degree relationships. However, most IBD segment-based methods inferred seventh degree relatives correct to within one relatedness degree for more than 76% of relative pairs. Overall, the most accurate methods are ERSA and approaches that compute total IBD sharing using the output from GERMLINE and Refined IBD to infer relatedness. Combining information from the most accurate methods provides little accuracy improvement, indicating that novel approaches—such as new methods that leverage relatedness signals from multiple samples—are needed to achieve a sizeable jump in performance.
Genome-Wide Association Analysis Identifies Genetic Correlates of Immune Infiltrates in Solid Tumors
Authors: Siemers Nathan O. , Holloway James L , Chang Han , Chasalow Scott D. , Ross-MacDonald Petra B. , Voliva Charles F. , Szustakowski Joseph D. 
Published: February 2017

AbstractTherapeutic options for the treatment of an increasing variety of cancers have been expanded by the introduction of a new class of drugs, commonly referred to as checkpoint blocking agents, that target the host immune system to positively modulate anti-tumor immune response. Although efficacy of these agents has been linked to a pre-existing level of tumor immune infiltrate, it remains unclear why some patients exhibit deep and durable responses to these agents therapy while others do not benefit. To examine the influence of tumor genetics on tumor immune state, we interrogated the relationship between somatic mutation and copy number alteration with infiltration levels of 7 immune cell types across 40 tumor cohorts in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Levels of cytotoxic T, regulatory T, total T, natural killer, and B cells, as well as monocytes and M2 macrophages, were estimated using a novel set of transcriptional signatures that were designed to resist interference from the cellular heterogeneity of tumors. Tumor mutational load and estimates of tumor purity were included in our association models to adjust for biases in multi-modal genomic data. Copy number alterations, mutations summarized at the gene level, and position-specific mutations were evaluated for association with tumor immune infiltration. We observed a strong relationship between copy number loss of a large region of chromosome 9p and decreased lymphocyte estimates in melanoma, pancreatic, and head/neck cancers. Mutations in the oncogenes PIK3CA, FGFR3, and RAS/RAF family members, as well as the tumor supressor TP53, were linked to changes in immune infiltration, usually in restricted tumor types. Associations of specific WNT/beta-catenin pathway genetic changes with immune state were limited, but we noted a link between 9p loss and the expression of the WNT receptor FZD3, suggesting that there are interactions between 9p alteration and WNT pathways. Finally, two different cell death regulators, CASP8 and DIDO1, were often mutated in head/neck tumors that had higher lymphocyte infiltrates. In summary, our study supports the relevance of tumor genetics to questions of efficacy and resistance in checkpoint blockade therapies. It also highlights the need to assess genome-wide influences during exploration of any specific tumor pathway hypothesized to be relevant to therapeutic response. Some of the observed genetic links to immune state, like 9p loss, may influence response to cancer immune therapies. Others, like mutations in cell death pathways, may help guide combination therapeutic approaches.