bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Global Assessment of Runoff Sensitivity to Changes in Precipitation, Potential Evaporation, and Other Factors
Authors: Berghuijs Wouter R. , Larsen Joshua R. , van Emmerik Tim H. M. , Woods Ross A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPrecipitation (P) and potential evaporation (Ep) are commonly studied drivers of changing freshwater availability, as aridity (Ep/P) explains ∼90% of the spatial differences in mean runoff across the globe. However, it is unclear if changes in aridity over time are also the most important cause for temporal changes in mean runoff and how this degree of importance varies regionally. We show that previous global assessments that address these questions do not properly account for changes due to precipitation, and thereby strongly underestimate the effects of precipitation on runoff. To resolve this shortcoming, we provide an improved Budyko‐based global assessment of the relative and absolute sensitivity of precipitation, potential evaporation, and other factors to changes in mean‐annual runoff. The absolute elasticity of runoff to potential evaporation changes is always lower than the elasticity to precipitation changes. The global pattern indicates that for 83% of the land grid cells runoff is most sensitive to precipitation changes, while other factors dominate for the remaining 17%. This dominant role of precipitation contradicts previous global assessments, which considered the impacts of aridity changes as a ratio. We highlight that dryland regions generally display high absolute sensitivities of runoff to changes in precipitation, however within dryland regions the relative sensitivity of runoff to changes in other factors (e.g., changing climatic variability, CO2‐vegetation feedbacks, and anthropogenic modifications to the landscape) is often far higher. Nonetheless, at the global scale, surface water resources are most sensitive to temporal changes in precipitation.
Immersion and invariance adaptive control for discrete‐time systems in strict‐feedback form with input delay and disturbances
Authors: Franco Enrico 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThis work presents a new adaptive control algorithm for a class of discrete‐time systems in strict‐feedback form with input delay and disturbances. The immersion and invariance formulation is used to estimate the disturbances and to compensate the effect of the input delay, resulting in a recursive control law. The stability of the closed‐loop system is studied using Lyapunov functions, and guidelines for tuning the controller parameters are presented. An explicit expression of the control law in the case of multiple simultaneous disturbances is provided for the tracking problem of a pneumatic drive. The effectiveness of the control algorithm is demonstrated with numerical simulations considering disturbances and input‐delay representative of the application.
Organ‐on‐a‐Chip Technology for Reproducing Multiorgan Physiology
Authors: Lee Seung Hwan , Sung Jong Hwan 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn the drug development process, the accurate prediction of drug efficacy and toxicity is important in order to reduce the cost, labor, and effort involved. For this purpose, conventional 2D cell culture models are used in the early phase of drug development. However, the differences between the in vitro and the in vivo systems have caused the failure of drugs in the later phase of the drug‐development process. Therefore, there is a need for a novel in vitro model system that can provide accurate information for evaluating the drug efficacy and toxicity through a closer recapitulation of the in vivo system. Recently, the idea of using microtechnology for mimicking the microscale tissue environment has become widespread, leading to the development of “organ‐on‐a‐chip.” Furthermore, the system is further developed for realizing a multiorgan model for mimicking interactions between multiple organs. These advancements are still ongoing and are aimed at ultimately developing “body‐on‐a‐chip” or “human‐on‐a‐chip” devices for predicting the response of the whole body. This review summarizes recently developed organ‐on‐a‐chip technologies, and their applications for reproducing multiorgan functions.
Macromolecular Antiviral Agents against Zika, Ebola, SARS, and Other Pathogenic Viruses
Authors: Schandock Franziska , Riber Camilla Frich , Röcker Annika , Müller Janis A. , Harms Mirja , Gajda Paulina , Zuwala Kaja , Andersen Anna H. F. , Løvschall Kaja Borup , Tolstrup Martin , Kreppel Florian , Münch Jan , Zelikin Alexander N. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractViral pathogens continue to constitute a heavy burden on healthcare and socioeconomic systems. Efforts to create antiviral drugs repeatedly lag behind the advent of pathogens and growing understanding is that broad‐spectrum antiviral agents will make strongest impact in future antiviral efforts. This work performs selection of synthetic polymers as novel broadly active agents and demonstrates activity of these polymers against Zika, Ebola, Lassa, Lyssa, Rabies, Marburg, Ebola, influenza, herpes simplex, and human immunodeficiency viruses. Results presented herein offer structure–activity relationships for these pathogens in terms of their susceptibility to inhibition by polymers, and for polymers in terms of their anionic charge and hydrophobicity that make up broad‐spectrum antiviral agents. The identified leads cannot be predicted based on prior data on polymer‐based antivirals and represent promising candidates for further development as preventive microbicides.
3D Printing of Polymers with Hierarchical Continuous Porosity
Authors: Marascio Matteo Gregorio Modesto , Antons Jens , Pioletti Dominique P. , Bourban Pierre‐Etienne 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCellular thermoplastic structures with multiscale porosity (1–300 µm microporosity to 0.3–10 mm macroporosity) are produced from an integrated approach of 3D printing by Fused Deposition Modeling printing and Supercritical CO2 Foaming. Porous strands and related hierarchical structures are processed in one continuous step. Influence of printing parameters (e.g., deposition temperature and speed) on foam porosity and pores distribution is described for a semicrystalline food grade Poly‐Lactide Acid. The process is then applied to other thermoplastics filament with different mechanical properties. In particular, a composite blend of Poly‐l‐Lactide and βTCP (90–10) ceramic particles and a soft copolymer Poly‐Lactide‐co‐Caprolactone are processed to print foamed strands with various internal cellular microstructures. The dynamic material transformation phenomena controlling the microstructure upon deposition and foaming are determined. This new additive manufacturing method introduces for the first time the possibility to tune cellular morphology in situ and on line, offering an unmatched freedom to design anisotropy in 3D.
4‐Dimethylaminopyridine‐Mediated [3+3] Cycloaddition of Aza‐oxyallyl Cations and Nitrones
Authors: Jia Qianfa , Li Dongli , Lang Ming , Zhang Kun , Wang Jian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA new 4‐dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP)‐mediated [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of in situ‐ generated aza‐oxyallyl cations with nitrones is reported. This simple and efficient method delivers a series of new motifs in good to excellent yields under mild conditions.magnified image
Elemental Sulfur as Reaction Medium for the Synthesis of Fused Nitrogen Heterocycles by Oxidative Coupling between Cycloalkanones and Nitrogen Nucleophiles
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Binh , Retailleau Pascal 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMolten elemental sulfur was found to be an excellent reaction medium for oxidative coupling between bis‐aza nucleophiles and cycloalkanones to the fused diaza heterocycles. No extensive aromatization was observed when cyclohexanone was used. These reaction conditions tolerate a wide range of functional groups and are applicable to oxidation sensitive o‐phenylenediamines.magnified image
Gold‐catalyzed Fluorination of Alkynyl Esters and Ketones: Efficient Access to Fluorinated 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Zeng Xiaojun , Lu Zhichao , Liu Shiwen , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWe developed an efficient synthesis of 2‐fluoro‐1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds using readily available alkynyl ketones or esters as starting material. The key step is the insertion of hydrogen fluoride (HF) to the gold carbene intermediate generated from cationic gold catalyzed addition of N‐oxides to alkynyl ketones or esters. This method gives excellent chemical yields and regioselectivity with good functional group tolerance.magnified image
Overcoming the Gas–Liquid Mass Transfer of Oxygen by Coupling Photosynthetic Water Oxidation with Biocatalytic Oxyfunctionalization
Authors: Hoschek Anna , Bühler Bruno , Schmid Andreas 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGas–liquid mass transfer of gaseous reactants is a major limitation for high space–time yields, especially for O2‐dependent (bio)catalytic reactions in aqueous solutions. Herein, oxygenic photosynthesis was used for homogeneous O2 supply via in situ generation in the liquid phase to overcome this limitation. The phototrophic cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 was engineered to synthesize the alkane monooxygenase AlkBGT from Pseudomonas putida GPo1. With light, but without external addition of O2, the chemo‐ and regioselective hydroxylation of nonanoic acid methyl ester to ω‐hydroxynonanoic acid methyl ester was driven by O2 generated through photosynthetic water oxidation. Photosynthesis also delivered the necessary reduction equivalents to regenerate the Fe2+ center in AlkB for oxygen transfer to the terminal methyl group. The in situ coupling of oxygenic photosynthesis to O2‐transferring enzymes now enables the design of fast hydrocarbon oxyfunctionalization reactions.
Use of metal composite MOF‐5‐Ag2O‐NPs as an adsorbent for the removal of Auramine O dye under ultrasound energy conditions
Authors: Hosseinpour Seyed Amin , Karimipour Gholamreza , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Dashtian Kheibar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn this work, MOF‐5 composited with Ag2O nanoparticles was prepared and characterized via X‐ray diffraction, field emission‐scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive spectroscopy and FT‐IR analysis. This new material was subsequently employed for removing basic yellow dye [Auramine O (AO)] from aqueous solution under ultrasound irradiation. Several experiments were designed by central composite design in which operational parameters such as such as pH, MOF‐5‐Ag2O mass and initial concentration of AO involved in the process were optimized. The significance of individual parameters and their possible interactions were investigated using analysis of variance (anova). The optimum values of 6, 0.025 g and 6 mg l−1 were obtained for the pH, MOF‐5‐Ag2O‐NPs mass and the initial concentrations of AO, respectively, with desirability of 1.0. At such conditions, the efficiency for the removal of AO was found to be 89.45%. Various isotherm models for fitting the experimental equilibrium data were studied, and it was found that the Langmuir model has the highest efficiency for correlation of experimental equilibrium data, so that the monolayer adsorption capacity of MOF‐5‐Ag2O for successful removal of AO was 260.70 mg g−1 at optimal conditions.
Factors affecting the adhesion of ice to polymer substrates
Authors: Wang Chenyu , Gupta Mool C. , Yeong Yong Han , Wynne Kenneth J. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThis article reviews the development of a laboratory test with a commercially available instrument for determining strength of ice adhesion. Using this method with standardized parameters, a number of factors affecting the adhesion of ice to a model elastomer, Sylgard 184, are evaluated. Ps, the peak removal force, was dependent on the probe speed and distance of the probe from the surface. A probe speed of 0.05 mm/s and distance of 2 mm was chosen to interrogate other parameters. For Sylgard 184, coating thickness was also found to affect the ice adhesion strength. Peak removal force for ice was correlated with the work of adhesion for water wa, which is proportional to receding contact angle. Ice adhesion strength for Sylgard 184 was greatly reduced by a combination of oil infusion and microtexturing. These results provide a guide for the preparation of coatings from which ice can be removed easily. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45734.
Multicentre cohort study to define and validate pathological assessment of response to neoadjuvant therapy in oesophagogastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Noble F , Lloyd M A , Turkington R , Griffiths E , O'Donovan M , O'Neill J R , Mercer S , Parsons S L , Fitzgerald R C , Underwood T J , Noorani A , Fels Elliott R , Abdullahi Z , de la Rue R , Bornschein J , MacRae S , Nutzinger B , Grehan N , Contino G , Crawte J , Edwards P A W , Miremadi A , Malhotra S , Hayden A , Walker R , Peters C , Hannah G , Hardwick R , Davies J , Ford H , Gilligan D , Safranek P , Hindmarsh A , Sujendran V , Carroll N , McManus D , Hayes S J , Ang Y , Preston S R , Oakes S , Bagwan I , Skipworth R J E , Save V , Hupp T R , Puig S , Bedford M , Taniere P , Whiting J , Byrne J , Kelly J , Owsley J , Crichton C , Barr H , Shepherd N , Old O , Lagergren J , Gossage J , Davies A , Chang F , Zylstra J , Sanders G , Berrisford R , Harden C , Bunting D , Lewis M , Cheong E , Kumar B , Saunders J H , Soomro I N , Vohra R , Duffy J , Kaye P , Grabowska A , Lovat L , Haidry R , Eneh V , Igali L , Welch I , Scott M , Sothi S , Suortamo S , Lishman S , Beardsmore D , Sutaria R , Secrier M , Eldridge M D , Bower L , Lynch A G , Tavaré S 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
This multicentre cohort study sought to define a robust pathological indicator of clinically meaningful response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods
A questionnaire was distributed to 11 UK upper gastrointestinal cancer centres to determine the use of assessment of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Records of consecutive patients undergoing oesophagogastric resection at seven centres between January 2000 and December 2013 were reviewed. Pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was assessed using the Mandard Tumour Regression Grade (TRG) and lymph node downstaging.

Results
TRG (8 of 11 centres) was the most widely used system to assess response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, but there was discordance on how it was used in practice. Of 1392 patients, 1293 had TRG assessment; data were available for clinical and pathological nodal status (cN and pN) in 981 patients, and TRG, cN and pN in 885. There was a significant difference in survival between responders (TRG 1–2; median overall survival (OS) not reached) and non-responders (TRG 3–5; median OS 2·22 (95 per cent c.i. 1·94 to 2·51) years; P &lt; 0·001); the hazard ratio was 2·46 (95 per cent c.i. 1·22 to 4·95; P = 0·012). Among local non-responders, the presence of lymph node downstaging was associated with significantly improved OS compared with that of patients without lymph node downstaging (median OS not reached versus 1·92 (1·68 to 2·16) years; P &lt; 0·001).

Conclusion
A clinically meaningful local response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy was restricted to the small minority of patients (14·8 per cent) with TRG 1–2. Among local non-responders, a subset of patients (21·3 per cent) derived benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy by lymph node downstaging and their survival mirrored that of local responders.
Robust Macroscopic 3D Sponges of Manganese Oxide Molecular Sieves
Authors: Liu Zhenxin , Wu Depeng , Guo Xuehui , Fang Shaoming , Wang Lizhen , Xing Yu , Suib Steven L. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is Zhenxin Liu, Yu Xing and co‐workers at the Zhengzhou University of Light Industry and the University of Connecticut. The image depicts robust macroscopic 3D sponges composed of pure phase manganese oxide molecular sieve nanowires. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201702787.
DPFF‐1 transcription factor deficiency causes the aberrant activation of MPK‐1 and meiotic defects in the Caenorhabditis elegans germline
Authors: Villanueva‐Chimal Emmanuel , Salinas Laura S. , Fernández‐Cardenas Laura P. , Huelgas‐Morales Gabriela , Cabrera‐Wrooman Alejandro , Navarro Rosa E. 
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe d4 family of transcription factors consists of three members in mammals. DPF1/neuro‐d4 is expressed mainly in neurons and the peripheral nervous system, and is important for brain development. DPF2/requiem/ubi‐d4 is expressed ubiquitously and presumably functions as an apoptotic factor, especially during the deprivation of trophic factors. DPF3/cer‐d4 is expressed in neurons and in the heart, and is important for heart development and function in zebrafish. In Drosophila, there is only one member, dd4, whose function is still unknown, but it is expressed in many tissues and is particularly abundant in the brain of developing embryos and in adults. Here, we present DPFF‐1, the only member of this family of proteins in the nematode C. elegans. DPFF‐1 is similar to its mammalian homolog DPF2/requiem/ubi‐d4 because it is ubiquitously expressed during embryogenesis and in adult tissues, and because it is important for the induction of germ cell apoptosis during stress. Here, we show that dpff‐1 null mutant animals produce less progeny than wild‐type nematodes, presumably due to meiotic defects. Gonads of dpff‐1 deficient animals showed more germ cells in pachytene and overexpressed the P‐MPK‐1 signal. Additionally, these animals presented higher levels of p53‐induced germ cell apoptosis than wild‐type animals. Furthermore, we observed that dpff‐1 deficient animals are more sensitive to heat shock. This is the first report showing that the d4 family of transcription factors could be involved in meiosis and stress protection.
Outage analysis of coded‐cooperation cognitive multirelay network with direct link over Nakagami‐m fading channels
Authors: Hu Zhenzhen , Wei Ning , Zhang Zhongpei , Zhang Haijun 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCoded‐cooperation cognitive relay networks can improve both spectrum utilization and bandwidth efficiency. However, the performance analysis of such a system has not been well investigated. Therefore, in this paper, the outage performance of the coded‐cooperation cognitive multirelay network with a direct link is studied. Both the Nth best relay selection scheme, where the Nth best relay is selected, and the sum relays scheme, where the relays that successfully decode the first time‐slot information all participate in data transmission, are considered under the interference temperature and the maximum transmit power constraint to protect the primary user in a cognitive radio network. Analytical exact outage probability and closed‐form asymptotic outage probability expressions are derived for the secondary user. The diversity and coding gains are deduced from them. Monte Carlo simulations are carried out to verify the correctness of the theoretic analysis. The results show that the outage performance of both the best relay selection scheme and the sum relays scheme is close to each other, and the primary network parameters only affect the coding gain and are not related to the diversity order.
Do capability and functioning differ? A study of U.K. survey responses
Authors: Al‐Janabi Hareth 
Published: September 2017

SummaryA core feature of the capability approach is that a person's capabilities (what they are able to do and be in their life) can differ from their functionings (what they actually do and are in their life). However, the degree to which capability and functioning differ in practice is unclear. This paper investigates this issue, focusing on capability and functioning differences (CFD) across different aspects of life and different individuals. In the study, the ICECAP‐A capability questionnaire was modified to measure both functionings and capabilities and was completed by U.K.‐based convenience sample of 943 people. Around one third of people reported CFD in at least one area of their life, most commonly in terms of their “achievement.” People were more likely to report CFD when they had a degree‐level education and when they had impaired health. An additional finding was that capability varied more with education whereas functioning varied more with health status. This finding needs further examination, but it suggests that the choice of evaluative space may influence how priorities are set for public spending.
State Medicaid fees and access to primary care physicians
Authors: Sharma Rajiv , Tinkler Sarah , Mitra Arnab , Pal Sudeshna , Susu‐Mago Raven , Stano Miron 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMedicaid and uninsured patients are disadvantaged in access to care and are disproportionately Black and Hispanic. Using a national audit of primary care physicians, we examine the relationship between state Medicaid fees for primary care services and access for Medicaid, Medicare, uninsured, and privately insured patients who differ by race/ethnicity and sex. We found that states with higher Medicaid fees had higher probabilities of appointment offers and shorter wait times for Medicaid patients, and lower probabilities of appointment offers and longer wait times for uninsured patients. Appointment offers and wait times for Medicare and privately insured patients were unaffected by Medicaid fees. At mean state Medicaid fees, our analysis predicts a 27‐percentage‐point disadvantage for Medicaid versus Medicare in appointment offers. This decreases to 6 percentage points when Medicaid and Medicare fees are equal, suggesting that permanent fee parity with Medicare could eliminate most of the disparity in appointment offers for Medicaid patients. The predicted decrease in the disparity is smaller for Black and Hispanic patients than for White patients. Our research highlights the importance of considering the effects of policy on nontarget patient groups, and the consequences of seemingly race‐neutral policies on racial/ethnic and sex‐based disparities.
Survival outcomes for stage‐matched endoscopic and open resection of olfactory neuroblastoma
Authors: Harvey Richard J. , Nalavenkata Sunny , Sacks Raymond , Adappa Nithin D. , Palmer James N. , Purkey Michael T. , Schlosser Rodney J. , Snyderman Carl , Wang Eric W. , Woodworth Bradford A. , Smee Robert , Havas Tom , Gallagher Richard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdvanced‐stage olfactory neuroblastoma requires multimodal therapy for optimal outcomes. Debate exists over endoscopic endonasal surgery in this situation. Stage‐matched open and endoscopic surgical therapy were compared.MethodsPatients from 6 cancer institutions were assessed. Stratification included dural involvement, Kadish stage, nodal disease, Hyams' grade, approach, and margin status. At follow‐up, local control, nodal status, and evidence of distant metastases were recorded with any subsequent therapy. Statistical analyses to identify risk factors for developing recurrence and survival differences were performed.ResultsOne hundred nine patients were assessed (age 49.2 ± 13.0 years; 46% women) representing Kadish A stage (10%), Kadish B stage (25%), and Kadish C stage (65%). The majority of the patients (61.5%) underwent endoscopic resection, 53.5% within Kadish C stage. Within‐stage survival analysis favored endoscopic subgroup for Kadish C stage (log‐rank P = .017) nonsignificant for Kadish B stage (log‐rank P = .39).ConclusionStage‐matched survival was better for the endoscopically treated group compared to the open surgery group, with high negative margin resections obtained.