bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gas Chromatographic Determination of Fatty Acids in Oils with Regard to the Assessment of Fire Hazard
Authors: Bartošová Alica , Štefko Tomáš 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of the paper was to study and research the application of processing gas chromatographic method for the rapid and accurate determination of the composition of different types of oils, such as substances with the possibility of an adverse event spontaneous combustion or self-heating. Tendency to spontaneous combustion is chemically characterized mainly by the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, which have one or more double bonds in their molecule. Vegetable oils essentially consist of the following fatty acids: palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linoleic. For the needs of assessment, the fire hazard must be known, in which the double bond is present, as well as their number in a molecule. As an analytical method, GCMS was used for determination of oils content. Three types of oil were used - rapeseed, sunflower, and coconut oil. Owing to the occurrence of linoleic acid C18:2 (49.8 wt.%) and oleic acid C18:1 (43.3 wt.%) with double bonds, sunflower oil is the most prone to self-heating. The coconut and rapeseed oils contain double bond FAME in lesser amount, and their propensity to self-heating is relatively low.
Thermal Properties of Lignocellulose Pellets
Authors: Wachter Igor , Hirle Siegfried , Balog Karol 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article deals with the characterization of biomass pellets using Differential Scanning Calorimetry. We used three types of industrially produced and commercially available pellets as samples: wood pellets containing grass, wood pellet containing bark and wood pellets without bark. Each of the samples were examined using the DSC method. Based on the measurements in atmosphere of air and nitrogen temperature, the changes caused by thermal degradation of various kinds of test fuels were observed. Subsequently, limits of exothermic processes, reaction enthalpy changes and the temperature at which exothermic reactions reached peaks were determined.
Review: Utilization of Waste From Coffee Production
Authors: Blinová Lenka , Sirotiak Maroš , Bartošová Alica , Soldán Maroš 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Coffee is one of the most valuable primary products in the world trade, and also a central and popular part of our culture. However, coffees production generate a lot of coffee wastes and by-products, which, on the one hand, could be used for more applications (sorbent for the removal of heavy metals and dyes from aqueous solutions, production of fuel pellets or briquettes, substrate for biogas, bioethanol or biodiesel production, composting material, production of reusable cups, substrat for mushroom production, source of natural phenolic antioxidants etc.), but, on the other hand, it could be a source of severe contamination posing a serious environmental problem. In this paper, we present an overview of utilising the waste from coffee production.
Usage of FTIR-ATR as Non-Destructive Analysis of Selected Toxic Dyes
Authors: Bartošová Alica , Blinová Lenka , Sirotiak Maroš , Michalíková Anna 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The degradation of the environment which is due to the discharge of polluting wastewater from industrial sources poses a real problem in several countries. Textile industries use large volumes of water in their operations, discharging thus large volume of wastewater into the environment, most of which is untreated. The wastewater contains a variety of chemicals from various stages of process operations, including desizing, scouring, bleaching and dyeing. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce Infrared Spectrometry with Fourier transformation as a non-destructive method for study, identifation and rapid determination of selected representatives of cationic (Methylene Blue), azo (Congo Red, Eriochrome Black T) and nitroso (Naphthol Green B) dyes. In conjunction with the ATR technique, FTIR offers a reliable detection method of dyes without extraction by other dangerous substances.
Spectral interpretation of dye spectra revealed valuable information about the identification and characterization of each group of dyes.
Biodiesel Production from Spent Coffee Grounds
Authors: Blinová Lenka , Bartošová Alica , Sirotiak Maroš 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The residue after brewing the spent coffee grounds is an oil-containing waste material having a potential of being used as biodiesel feedstock. Biodiesel production from the waste coffee grounds oil involves collection and transportation of coffee residue, drying, oil extraction, and finally production of biodiesel. Different methods of oil extraction with organic solvents under different conditions show significant differences in the extraction yields. In the manufacturing of biodiesel from coffee oil, the level of reaction completion strongly depends on the quality of the feedstock oil. This paper presents an overview of oil extraction and a method of biodiesel production from spent coffee grounds.
The Effect of the Heat Flux on the Self-Ignition of Oriented Strand Board
Authors: Hirle Siegfried , Balog Karol 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This article deals with the initiation phase of flaming and smouldering burning of oriented strand board. The influence of heat flux on thermal degradation of OSB boards, time to ignition, heat release rate and mass loss rate using thermal analysis and vertical electrical radiation panel methods were studied. Significant information on the influence of the heat flux density and the thickness of the material on time to ignition was obtained.
Comparison of fine-scale spatial genetic structure of two sympatricRhododendronshrub species in forest habitat having different seed weights: A case study
Authors: Aizawa Mineaki , Nakayama Chisa , Ohkubo Tatsuhiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractRestricted seed dispersal is one of the most prevalent determinants of spatial genetic structure (SGS) at a fine spatial scale within a plant population.Rhododendron kaempferiandR. semibarbatumare common and coexistent Ericaceous species in the shrub layer of secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests in the northern Kanto District, central Japan. The two species have entomophilous flowers and are thought to have similar pollination styles. However,R. kaempferiproduces threefold heavier seeds thanR. semibarbatum. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that the intensity of SGS was stronger inR. kaempferithan inR. semibarbatumin a forest stand. We comparatively examined the SGS for 73 individuals ofR. kaempferiand 36 individuals ofR. semibarbatumby using highly variable nuclear microsatellite loci. The analysis revealed significant SGS in both species at the shortest distance (<3 m); a measure to quantify SGS showed a counterintuitive result:R. semibarbatumexhibited stronger SGS thanR. kaempferi. This result might be explained by the ecological consequences ofR. semibarbatumproducing lighter seeds, which might have greater dispersal efficacy, but its safe sites could be more restricted than those ofR. kaempferi; in contrast,R. kaempferiproducing heavier seeds might have more limited seed dispersal, but its safe sites for seedling establishment could be more prevalent than those forR. semibarbatum. The different strategies for the trade-off between seed weight and site selection of the twoRhododendronspecies might be reflected in the difference in the intensity of SGS in this study plot.
Theoretical Aspects of Erroneous Actions During the Process of Decision Making by Air Traffic Control
Authors: Andersone Silva , Miķelsons Lauris , Arandas Ibrahim 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The Theoretical Aspects of Erroneous Actions During the Process of Decision Making by Air Traffic Control evaluates the factors affecting the operational decision-making of a human air traffic controller, interacting in a dynamic environment with the flight crew, surrounding aircraft traffic and environmental conditions of the airspace. This article reviews the challenges of air traffic control in different conditions, ranging from normal and complex to emergency and catastrophic. Workload factors and operating conditions make an impact on air traffic controllers’ decision-making. The proposed model compares various operating conditions within an assumed air traffic control environment subsequently comparing them against a theoretically “perfect” air traffic control system. A mathematical model of flight safety assessment has been proposed for the quantitative assessment of various hazards arising during the process of Air Traffic Control. The model assumes events of various severity and probability ranging from high frequency and low severity up to less likely and catastrophic ones. Certain limitations of the model have been recognised and further improvements for effective hazard evaluation have been suggested.
Development of an Information Database for the Integrated Airline Management System (IAMS)
Authors: Bogdane Ruta , Dissanayake Yasaratne Bandara , Andersone Silva , Bitins Aleksandrs 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
In present conditions the activity of any enterprise is represented as a combination of operational processes. Each of them corresponds to relevant airline management systems. Combining two or more management systems, it is possible to obtain an integrated management system. For the effective functioning of the integrated management system, an appropriate information system should be developed. This article proposes a model of such an information system.
Indication of the Destruction Stage of Epoxy PES-Filled Composite Using the Connected Parameter of Acoustic Emission Rate and the Spectral Characteristics of AE Signals
Authors: Bratarčuks Sergejs 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The methods of non-destructive testing have an important role in the problem of maintenance of transport and transport infrastructure. They make possible the early detection of internal defects in engineering structures and elements of vehicle design. The samples of composite materials used in the construction of transport infrastructure elements and transport vehicles have been tested. This paper shows the features of AE, which may allow more efficient and accurate analysis of the state of composite objects. The relation of the intensity and frequency characteristics of signals has been revealed. This work discusses the possibility of unambiguous identification of the stage of composite object destruction on the basis of these parameters.
Structural Correction of Inertial System Circuit
Authors: Trifonovs-Bogdanovs Pjotrs , Zhiravetska Anastasia , Trifonova-Bogdanova Tatjana , Mamay Konstantin 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Inertial system errors in case of using the new structural correction method have been determined. Inertial system errors, which determine the kinematic parameters of aircraft movement, are finally generated in the computing circuit. This is the part of inertial system structure which is presented as a closed loop with a feedback. The forward circuit of the main loop consists of several velocity and distance integrators connected in series. Accelerometer signal corrections are calculated in the feedback loop. New corrective circuits have been introduced to the inertial system structure. And the errors of the changed system have been determined. The structural corrective circuits got signals from exterior onboard navigation systems. The conducted research has shown that the use of structural corrective circuits in some cases leads to a considerable decrease of inertial system errors. It means that the new structural method of inertial system correction provides positive results. Further research of inertial system errors should be conducted for the case of its full structure.
Evaluating the Dynamics of Aircraft Crew Skill Development by Using the Results of Discrete Exercise Marking
Authors: Lešinskis Aloizs , Chatys Rafał 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Aircraft crew training corresponds to the interactive learning models of sensorimotor skill acquisition, and the dynamics of skill acquirement can be approximated by the exponential trend. A model of 5-grade assessment of separate exercises is offered. It helps to calculate a resulting evaluation, in accordance with which the progress level of a discrete exercise is evaluated. Such an evaluation forms one of the points for the analytical construction of a learning curve using the Gaussian method. Possible applications of the learning curve are covered.
Development of a Cheap Helicopter Assisted Landing System Method
Authors: Brodņevs Deniss , Smirnovs Igors 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This paper presents a relatively cheap helicopter assisted landing system concept. A frequency modulated continuous radar (FMCWR) is used to check an unprepared landing area for the presence of interfering objects. The spectrum processing of the converted signal is used to provide multi target resolution. The experimental research is done by using a 4.3 GHz FMCWR radar. The converted signal spectra are provided for mirror and rough surfaces, as well for multiple targets in a case of interfering object existence.
Parameters for the Characterization of Motor Vehicle Acceleration Ability
Authors: Pommers Juris Gunārs 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
For the characterization of vehicle acceleration, in addition to such common parameters as change of speed and acceleration in time, there should be applied one more parameter: change of acceleration increase in time. Change of acceleration increase in time jp progresses in four specific phases in each gear: I – beginning of run where jp is growing rapidly to the maximum value of the gear; II – jp reduction from the maximum value to the stabilized value; III – speeding up with stabilized value jp and IV – shifting when jp value is changing in a wide range to the maximum negative value and then to zero.
Differential Evaluation of Crew Functional Effectiveness
Authors: Feofanovs Viktors 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of this article is the development of the system and methodology of complex control and evaluation of vehicle operators performance during multifunctional simulation. In order to achieve the above-stated aim it is necessary to solve the following principal tasks: to elaborate a theoretical model of differentiated evaluation of vehicle operator training degree according to different kinds of their functional performance; to develop the method of the differential evaluation of crew performance on full-scale aviation simulators with due consideration of the probabilistic approach on the basis of statistical processing of the data of recorded flight information. The offered theoretical model of the differential evaluation of operator performance and the methodology of standards determination developed on its basis represent a new approach to the creation of automated systems for the objective evaluation of the trainees’ qualification degree. The elaborated system of differential evaluation standards ensures a high degree of objectiveness when evaluating the degree of the vehicle operator qualification and makes it possible to carry out a comparative analysis of the operators’ qualification.
Schadenserkennung an Wälzlagern
Authors: Cao Xiaodong , Tarigan Bramila , Schwarze Hubert , Rembe Christian 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
White Etching Cracks (WECs) und White Etching Areas (WEAs) sind Schadensbilder , die oftmals in Wälzlagern (z . B. in Windkraftanlagen) auftreten (siehe Abb. 1). Es fehlt bisher eine Möglichkeit , WECs und WEAs in Wälzlagern frühzeitig zu detektieren, d. h. möglichst lange bevor die Oberflächenschädigung auftritt. In diesem Beitrag wird das Schwingungsverhalten des Innenrings eines Wälzlagers (Abb . 2) im beschädigten Zustand (mit WEAs und WECs) und im Neuzustand miteinander verglichen, um eine erste Aussage über das Potenzial der vibrationsbasierenden Messmethode zur Detektion der Ausbildung von WECs und WEAs zu treffen. Mit Hilfe von einem eigenentwickelten robotergesteuerten Vibrometer-Messsystem werden die Oberflächenschwingen beider Lagerzustände erfasst und miteinander verglichen. Für den Vergleich werden Kohärenzfunktion, Frequency-Response-Assurance-Criterion (FRAC) und Cross-Signature-Assurance-Criterion (CSAC) als Kriterien verwendet. Es wird gezeigt, dass durch die Kombination dieser drei Kriterien eine Detektion von WECs und WEAs in Wälzlagern möglich ist. Die flächenhafte Messung ist dabei notwendig und sollte, wenn möglich, mit mehreren Kanälen parallel durchgeführt werden.
Polarisationsbestimmung integrierter Piezokeramiken mittels Wärmeschwingungen und Wärmeimpulsen
Authors: Eydam Agnes , Suchaneck Gunnar , Gerlach Gerald 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
In Leichtbaustrukturen wird der Polarisationszustand von integrierten Piezokeramiken mittels thermischer Anregung zerstörungsfrei geprüft. Wärmeschwingungen (Laser-Intensitäts-Modulations-Methode) oder Wärmeimpulse führen zu einem pyroelektrischen Strom im Frequenz- bzw. Zeitbereich. Das Frequenzspektrum wird analytisch mit Hilfe thermischer Relaxationszeiten, die den Wärmeverlust charakterisieren, beschrieben. Die Signale im Zeitbereich werden fourier-transformiert und mit der Übertragungsfunktion der Messstrecke korrigiert. Außerdem wird die mittlere Temperatur der Probe analytisch und numerisch ermittelt, um daraus das Zeitsignal des Stromes abzuleiten.
Detektion von kurzen Gaspulsen für die Spurengasanalytik
Authors: Baur Tobias , Schütze Andreas , Sauerwald Tilman 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Die Detektion kurzer Gaspulse mit geringen Stoffmengen reduzierender Gase wird demonstriert auf Basis einer differentiellen Oberflächenreduktion von Metalloxidhalbleiter-Gassensoren bei 100°C. Mit einem kommerziellen Gassensor (AS-MLV) können so Pulse verschiedener reduzierender Gase mit hoher Empfindlichkeit nachgewiesen werden in einem Fall bis hinab zu 1 ppb · s. Dabei zeigen sich Unterschiede in der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit zwischen Ethanol, Benzol und Toluol.
Dehnungsmessung an piezoresistiver polymerabgeleiteter Keramik
Authors: Tang Linbo , Rosenburg Felix , Nicoloso Norbert , Werthschützky Roland 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Polymer-derived ceramics with piezoresistive properties consist of siliconoxycarbide nanocomposites (SiOC/C). In contrast to commercial (piezo-) resistive materials, SiCO/C nanocomposites have high pressure sensitivity and a high temperature resistance over 400°C. Because of its ceramic properties, SiOC/C can be modeled as a volume body and therefore does not require any additional spring elements. By varying the volume percent of the segregated carbon xc, above the percolation threshold (xc = 10 ... 20 vol%), the sensitivity can be influenced. The pressure sensitivity is systematically examined by bending and compression tests and compared with each other.
Messtechnische Evaluierung einer Modenverwirbelungskammer als Testumgebung für drahtlose Sensor/Aktar-Module
Authors: Cammin Christoph , Krush Dmytro , Heynicke Ralf , Scholl Gerd 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Dieser Beitrag beschreibt Messungen zur Evaluierung einer Modenverwirbelungskammer zur Qualifizierung von drahtlosen Sensor/Aktor-Modulen. Aufbauend auf Normen bzw. Testempfehlungen, die für andere Anwendungen entwickelt wurden, wird in diesem Beitrag das Verhalten einer Modenverwirbelungskammer unter verschiedenen Beladungen speziell für den Test von drahtlosen Sensor/Aktor-Modulen in industriellen Indoor-Umgebungen untersucht.
Análisis comparativo de las políticas públicas en tecnología educativa / Comparative analysis of public policies in educational technology
Authors: Castañón Octavio Natalia , AGuilar Párraga María Alejandra 
Published: September 2017

Aprender de la tecnología ya no es lo relevante, sino aprender con la tecnología, y lograr tan ambiciosa meta no es producto del azar, sino de un importante trabajo de planificación tras bastidores que comienza con la concepción de lo que en la realidad se desea fomentar, desarrollar y producir en tema de tecnología educativa desde el Gobierno, en un sano pacto con la sociedad, a beneficio del país y sus ciudadanos, por lo que diseñar políticas públicas claras y visionarias, específicamente en esta área, puede impulsar el desarrollo económico, social, político y cultural de la nación, e incluso de la Región. El uso de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación en Educación se ha convertido en una política pública a nivel mundial. La mayoría de los países del mundo, en mayor o menor medida, han diseñado acciones, actividades concretas con el fin de hacer que desde tempranas edades los ciudadanos aprendan con la tecnología, haciendo que este importante proceso venga acompañado de un gran dosis de motivación que le imprima, al estudiante, el gusto por aprender, el gusto por el conocimiento. En este artículo se exponen y analizan las políticas públicas en tecnología educativa de países como Finlandia, Corea del Sur, Colombia, Chile, México y Venezuela.
The afterlife of Egyptian statues: a cache of religious objects in the temple of Ptah at Karnak
Authors: Charloux Guillaume , Thiers Christophe , Abd Al-Aziz Mohammad , Ali Abady Mahmoud Mona , Boulet Stéphanie , Bourse Camille , Guadagnini Kevin , Laroye Juliette , ElNasseh Ahmed Mohammed Sayed 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Effectiveness of Fish Oil Supplementation in Attenuating Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Women During Midfollicular and Midluteal Menstrual Phases
Authors: McKinley-Barnard Sarah K. , Andre Thomas L. , Gann Joshua J. , Hwang Paul S. , Willoughby Darryn S. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
McKinley-Barnard, SK, Andre, TL, Gann, JJ, Hwang, PS, and Willoughby, DS. Effectiveness of fish oil supplementation in attenuating exercise-induced muscle damage in females during midfollicular and midluteal menstrual phases. J Strength Cond Res 32(6): 1601–1612, 2018—The purpose of this study was to determine whether the differences in estrogen levels during the female menstrual cycle and fish oil supplementation would attenuate eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). In a double-blind fashion, 22 physically active females (20.9 ± 1.4 years, 63.5 ± 9.0 kg, 165.2 ± 7.5 cm) were randomly assigned to ingest either 6 g of fish oil (n = 11) or placebo (n = 11) daily for 21 days. Participants underwent an eccentric exercise bout of the knee extensors on 2 occasions during the midfollicular (MF) and midluteal (ML) phases of the 28-day menstrual cycle. Before (PRE), at 6 (6HRPOST), and at 24 hours postexercise (24HRPOST) for each session, participants underwent assessments of DOMS, muscle strength, and had venous blood samples and muscle biopsies obtained. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 2 × 3 repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance for each criterion variable (p ≤ 0.05). Further analysis of the main effects for the test was performed using separate 1-way analyses of variance. Delayed-onset muscle soreness was significantly greater at the 6HRPOST and 24HRPOST timepoints compared with PRE (p < 0.001). Superoxide dismutase and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations were significantly higher at the MF phase compared with the ML phase (p < 0.001 and p = 0.05, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences observed for muscle strength, myoglobin, NF-Kβ p50, or NF-Kβ p65. This study demonstrates that higher levels of estrogen may exert a cytoprotective effect on the sarcolemma.