bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrating HIV Surveillance and Field Services: Data Quality and Care Continuum in King County, Washington, 2010–2015
Authors: Hood Julia E. , Katz David A. , Bennett Amy B. , Buskin Susan E. , Dombrowski Julia C. , Hawes Stephen E. , Golden Matthew R. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To assess how integration of HIV surveillance and field services might influence surveillance data and linkage to care metrics. Methods. We used HIV surveillance and field services data from King County, Washington, to assess potential impact of misclassification of prior diagnoses on numbers of new diagnoses. The relationship between partner services and linkage to care was evaluated with multivariable log-binomial regression models. Results. Of the 2842 people who entered the King County HIV Surveillance System in 2010 to 2015, 52% were newly diagnosed, 41% had a confirmed prior diagnosis in another state, and 7% had an unconfirmed prior diagnosis. Twelve percent of those classified as newly diagnosed for purposes of national HIV surveillance self-reported a prior HIV diagnosis that was unconfirmed. Partner services recipients were more likely than nonrecipients to link to care within 30 days (adjusted risk ratio [RR] = 1.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03, 1.18) and 90 days (adjusted RR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.01, 1.14) of diagnosis. Conclusions. Integration of HIV surveillance, partner services, and care linkage efforts may improve the accuracy of HIV surveillance data and facilitate timely linkage to care.
A Community-Level Sodium Reduction Intervention, Boston, 2013–2015
Authors: Brooks Carolyn J. , Barrett Jessica , Daly James , Lee Rebekka , Blanding Nineequa , McHugh Anne , Williams David , Gortmaker Steven 
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To evaluate a community-level sodium-reduction intervention in Boston, Massachusetts. Reducing sodium in the food offerings of community settings may help reduce hypertension disparities. Methods. We examined changes in the proportion of prepackaged foods with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium in 7 hospitals, 8 YMCAs, 4 community health centers, and 2 organizations serving homeless populations. Research assistants documented prepackaged items in cafeterias, kiosks, and vending machines before and after the intervention (2013–2015). We assessed intervention change via linear mixed models accounting for repeated observations. Results. There were 161 access points at baseline (4347 facings) and 171 (4996 facings) at follow-up. The percentage of prepackaged products with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium decreased from 29.0% at baseline to 21.5% at follow-up (P = .003). Changes were driven by improvements in hospital cafeterias and kiosks (P = .003). The percentage of products with greater than 200 milligrams of sodium in YMCA vending decreased 58% (from 27.2% to 11.5%; P = .017); other organizations had nonsignificant declines. Conclusions. We found modest reductions in the percentage of higher-sodium prepackaged products across community institutions. Community-level interventions may increase availability of lower-sodium products in the food supply.
Shade Sails and Passive Recreation in Public Parks of Melbourne and Denver: A Randomized Intervention
Authors: Buller David B. , English Dallas R. , Buller Mary Klein , Simmons Jody , Chamberlain James A. , Wakefield Melanie , Dobbinson Suzanne 
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To test whether shade sails will increase the use of passive recreation areas (PRAs). Methods. We conducted a stratified randomized pretest–posttest controlled design study in Melbourne, Australia, and Denver, Colorado, in 2010 to 2014. We randomized a sample of 144 public parks with 2 PRAs in full sun in a 1:3 ratio to treatment or control. Shade sails were built at 1 PRA per treatment park. The outcome was any use of the study PRA (n = 576 pretest and n = 576 posttest observations; 100% follow-up). Results. Compared with control PRAs (adjusted probability of use: pretest = 0.14, posttest = 0.17), use of treatment PRAs (pretest = 0.10, posttest = 0.32) was higher at posttest (odds ratio [OR] = 3.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.71, 8.94). Shade increased use of PRAs in Denver (control: pretest = 0.18, posttest = 0.19; treatment: pretest = 0.16, posttest = 0.47) more than Melbourne (control: pretest = 0.11, posttest = 0.14; shaded: pretest = 0.06, posttest = 0.19; OR = 2.98; 95% CI = 1.09, 8.14). Conclusions. Public investment in shade is warranted for skin cancer prevention and may be especially useful in the United States. Trial Registration. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT02971709.
Text Messaging for Improving Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence: No Effects After 1 Year in a Randomized Controlled Trial Among Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Linnemayr Sebastian , Huang Haijing , Luoto Jill , Kambugu Andrew , Thirumurthy Harsha , Haberer Jessica E. , Wagner Glenn , Mukasa Barbara 
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To assess the effectiveness of Short Message Service (SMS) reminder messages on antiretroviral and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis adherence among HIV-positive youths as well as the relative effectiveness of SMS with and without a response option. Methods. Eligible HIV-positive patients aged 15 to 22 years at 2 HIV clinics in Kampala, Uganda, participated in a year-long parallel individual-randomized controlled trial and were assigned in a 1-to-1-to-1 ratio to a weekly SMS message group, weekly SMS message with response option group, or a usual-care control group. Results. We enrolled 332 participants. Electronically measured mean adherence was 67% in the control group, 64% in the 1-way SMS group (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.77, 1.14), and 61% in the 2-way SMS group (95% CI = 0.75, 1.12) in an intent-to-treat analysis. Results for secondary outcomes and complete-case analysis were similarly statistically insignificant across groups. Conclusions. Despite previous evidence that interventions using SMS reminders can promote antiretroviral therapy adherence, this study shows that they are not always effective in achieving behavior change. More research is needed to find out for whom, and under what conditions, they can be beneficial. Trial registration. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00830622.
The Cumulative Probability of Arrest by Age 28 Years in the United States by Disability Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender
Authors: McCauley Erin J. 
Published: October 2017

Objectives. To estimate the cumulative probability (c) of arrest by age 28 years in the United States by disability status, race/ethnicity, and gender. Methods. I estimated cumulative probabilities through birth cohort life tables with data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, 1997. Results. Estimates demonstrated that those with disabilities have a higher cumulative probability of arrest (c = 42.65) than those without (c = 29.68). The risk was disproportionately spread across races/ethnicities, with Blacks with disabilities experiencing the highest cumulative probability of arrest (c = 55.17) and Whites without disabilities experiencing the lowest (c = 27.55). Racial/ethnic differences existed by gender as well. There was a similar distribution of disability types across race/ethnicity, suggesting that the racial/ethnic differences in arrest may stem from racial/ethnic inequalities as opposed to differential distribution of disability types. Conclusions. The experience of arrest for those with disabilities was higher than expected. Police officers should understand how disabilities may affect compliance and other behaviors, and likewise how implicit bias and structural racism may affect reactions and actions of officers and the systems they work within in ways that create inequities.
Analisa Pengaruh Gerak Makan Dan Putaran Spindel Terhadap Keausan Pahat Pada Proses Bubut Konvensional
Authors: Rozaq Mohamad Miftakhul , Iswanto Iswanto 
Published: October 2017

This paper discuss the effect of feeding motion and spindle rotation and also the relationship between feeding motion and spindle rotation on wear of tool in conventional lathe process. In this study the machining parameters are feeding motion (f) that varied at 0.12 mm/rev, 0.24 mm/rev and 0.35 mm/rev. With spindle rotation (n) that is 300 rpm, 650 rpm and 1000 rpm. While the cutting depth (a) is 0.5 mm. Then, the wearing edge of the tool was tested. The result of wear test in the edge of tool, show that (1) the greater the feeding motion the higher wear value of tool and the relationship is positively linear; (2) The larger the spindle rotation the lower wear value of tool will be and the relationship is negatively linear.
Seasonal Differences in Relationships between Nitrate Concentration and Denitrification Rates in Ditch Sediments Vegetated with Rice Cutgrass
Authors: Speir Shannon L. , Taylor Jason M. , Scott J. Thad 
Published: October 2017

Increased application of nitrogen (N) fertilizers in agricultural systems contributes to significant environmental impacts, including eutrophication of fresh and coastal waters. Rice cutgrass [Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw.] can significantly enhance denitrification potential in agricultural ditch sediments and potentially reduce N export from agricultural watersheds, but relationships with known drivers are not well understood. To address this, we examined effects of nitrate (NO3−) availability on dinitrogen gas (N2) and NO3− fluxes seasonally. Net denitrification rates were measured as positive N2 fluxes from vegetated intact sediment cores using membrane inlet mass spectrometry (MIMS). We developed Michaelis–Menten models for N2 fluxes across NO3− gradients in the spring, summer, and fall seasons. Summer N2 models exhibited the highest Vmax (maximum amount of net N2 flux) and K (concentration of NO3− in the overlying water at which the net N2 flux is half of Vmax), with a maximum production of N2 of ∼20 mg N2 m−2 h−1. Maximum percentage NO3− retention occurred at 1 mg NO3− L−1 in the overlying water in all seasons, except summer where maximum retention persisted from 1 to 5 mg NO3− L−1. Denitrification rates were strongly correlated with NO3− uptake by vegetated sediments in spring (r2 = 0.94, p < 0.0001) and summer (r2 = 0.97, p < 0.0001), but low NO3− uptake in fall and winter resulted in virtually no net denitrification during these seasons. Our results indicate that vegetated ditch sediments may act as effective NO3− sinks during the growing season. Ditch sediments vegetated with cutgrass not only immobilized a significant fraction of NO3− entering them but also permanently removed as much as 30 to 40% of the immobilized NO3− through microbial denitrification.Core Ideas
Dinitrogen gas fluxes exhibited Michaelis–Menten kinetics in the spring, summer, and fall.
Denitrification was strongly correlated with nitrate uptake in spring and summer.
Up to 40% of immobilized nitrate was removed via microbial denitrification.
Cutgrass ditch sediments are effective nitrate sinks during the growing season.
Adult Plant Leaf Rust Resistance Derived from the Soft Red Winter Wheat Cultivar ‘Caldwell’ Maps to Chromosome 3BS
Authors: Kolmer J. A. , Chao S. , Brown‐Guedira G. , Bansal U. , Bariana H. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT‘Caldwell’ is a US soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that has partial, adult plant resistance to the leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina Eriks. A line of ‘Thatcher∗2/Caldwell’ with adult plant resistance derived from Caldwell was crossed with ‘Thatcher’ to develop a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The parents and RIL population were evaluated for segregation of leaf rust resistance in four field tests. A genetic map of the RIL population was constructed using 90K single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with the Illumina Infinium iSelect 90K wheat bead array. Significant effects for reduction of leaf rust severity in all four tests were found for a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 3BS. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the adult plant resistance gene Lr74 and kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) assay markers were added to the map on chromosome 3BS. Thatcher and the resistant Thatcher∗2/Caldwell parent were negative for the presence of Sr2 on chromosome 3BS based on the tightly linked marker csSr2. The SSR marker cfb5006 linked closely to Lr74 mapped the closest to the logarithm of odds peak for leaf rust resistance on chromosome 3BS. The SNP and SSR markers on chromosome 3BS can be used to add Caldwell leaf rust resistance to wheat breeding germplasm.
Estimating Carbon and Nitrogen Pools in a Forest Soil: Influence of Soil Bulk Density Methods and Rock Content
Authors: Jurgensen Martin F. , Page-Dumroese Deborah S. , Brown Robert E. , Tirocke Joanne M. , Miller Chris A. , Pickens James B. , Wang Min 
Published: October 2017

Core Ideas
Three bulk density methods used in a rocky soil gave different total bulk density values, but not fine bulk density.
Bulk density sampling method had little effect on C and N pool estimates in the surface 20 cm of soil, but did so deeper in the soil.
Small‐diameter cores probably underestimated total soil bulk density and C and N pools at deeper soil depths.
Rocks present on the soil surface cause an overestimation of soil C and N pools.
Soils with high rock content are common in many US forests, and contain large amounts of stored C. Accurate measurements of soil bulk density and rock content are critical for calculating and assessing changes in both C and nutrient pool size, but bulk density sampling methods have limitations and sources of variability. Therefore, we evaluated the use of small‐diameter soil cores (SD), irregular soil volume excavation (IR), and a nuclear density gauge (ND) to measure bulk density and rock content, and estimate C and N pools in three 10‐cm increments to a 30‐cm depth in a glacial till soil in northern Wisconsin. Total and fine bulk densities were lower when measured with SD cores than with larger soil volume IR and ND methods. No differences in C pools among bulk density sampling methods were found in the 10‐cm increments, but when combined to 30 cm, the C pool estimate with IR (81.6 Mg ha–1) was significantly higher than those of ND (75.3 Mg ha–1) and SD (73.4 Mg ha–1). No significant differences in N pools were detected in the 10‐cm increments, but the 0‐ to 30‐cm N pool estimates by IR (5.65 Mg ha–1) and ND (5 Mg ha–1) were higher than that of SD (4.22 Mg ha–1). Surface rocks could lower soil C and N pools by 20% or more. Overall, the bulk density method had little effect on soil C and N pool estimates in the surface 20 cm of this soil but did when sampled to 30 cm soil depth.
Influence of Length and Amino Acid Composition on Dimer Formation of Immunoglobulin based Chimera
Authors: Patidar Manoj , Yadav Naveen , Dalai Sarat K. 
Published: October 2017

Background:
The dimeric immunoglobulin (Ig) chimeras used for drug targeting and delivery are
preferred biologics over their monomeric forms. Designing these Ig chimeras involves critical selection of a suitable
Ig base that ensures dimer formation. In the present study, we systematically analyzed several factors that
influence the formation of dimeric chimera. We designed and predicted 608 cytokine-Ig chimeras where we tested
the contributions of (1) different domains of Ig constant heavy chain, (2) length of partner proteins, (3) amino
acid (AA) composition and (4) position of cysteine in the formation of homodimer.

Method:
The sequences of various Ig and cytokines were procured from Uniprot database, fused and submitted to
COTH (CO-THreader) server for the prediction of dimer formation. Contributions of different domains of Ig
constant heavy chain, length of chimeric proteins, AA composition and position of cysteine to the homodimer
formation of 608 cytokine-Ig chimeras were tested. Various in silico approaches were adopted for validating the
in silico findings. Experimentally we also validated our approach by expressing the chimeric design of shorter
cytokine with Ig domain in CHO cells and analyzing the protein by SDS-PAGE.

Results:
Our results advocate that while the CH1 region and the Hinge region of Ig heavy chain are critical, the
length of partner proteins also crucially influences homodimer formation of the Ig-based chimera. We also report
that the CH1 domain of Ig is not required for dimer formation of Ig based chimera in the presence of larger partner
proteins. For shorter partner proteins fused to CH2-CH3, careful selection of partner sequence is critical,
particularly the hydrophobic AA composition, cysteine content & their positions, disulphide bond formation
property, and the linker sequences. We validated our in silico observation by various bioinformatics tools and
checked the ability of chimeras to bind with the receptors of native protein by docking studies. As a proof of
concept, we have expressed the chimeric proteins in CHO cells and found that our design favors the synthesis of
dimeric proteins.

Conclusion:
Our structural prediction study suggests that extra amino acids in the range of 15-20 added to the
CH2 domain of Ig is a critical requirement to make homodimer. This information from our study will have implication
in designing efficacious homodimeric chimera.
Exploring the Unique Selectivity of Hydrophobic Cation Exchanger Nuvia cPrime for the Removal of a Major Process Impurity: A Case Study with IgM
Authors: He Xuemei M. , Voß Carsten , Li Jidong 
Published: October 2017

Background:Mixed-mode chromatography is becoming an important tool for downstream process purification, as it provides the selectivity and robustness unmatched by conventional singlemode chromatographic methods. The joint action of multiple functionalities present on the ligands of mixed-mode chromatography matrices effectively enhances the separation of target molecules from impurities.Material and Methods:Using Nuvia cPrime as an example, we elucidate the separation principles of hydrophobic cation exchange mixed-mode chromatography and its difference from traditional strong cation exchangers. We have developed a Nuvia cPrime based polish purification step specifically for the removal of a major process contaminant, which has an isoelectric point similar to that of the target monoclonal IgM molecule. Additional purification was accomplished using a second mixed-mode chromatography column packed with Ceramic Hydroxyapatite.Conclusion:The monoclonal IgM prepared with this new process fully retained its biological activity and was free of high molecular weight aggregates, a product quality that was not achievable in previous attempts using traditional ion exchange or hydrophobic interaction chromatography.
Oxadiazole-An Important Bioactive Scaffold for Drug Discovery and Development Process Against HIV and Cancer- A Review
Authors: Kumar Davinder , Kumar Virender , Marwaha Rakesh , Singh Gajendra 
Published: October 2017

Background:Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer treatment have been a major task for research scientists and pharmaceutical industry for the last many years. Seeking to the development, many promising chemical entities especially five-membered heterocyclic rings like oxadiazole have revealed good anticancer and anti HIV activities. The current review enlists some recently developed anti-HIV and anti-cancer oxadiazole moieties.Methods:on the basis of structural modification for the syntheses of new oxadiazole analogs, the new anti-HIV and anti-cancer agents have been summarized, which can improve treatment of AIDs and cancer.Results:The oxadiazole ring is more potent in comparison to some other heterocyclic rings (five and six membered) towards anti-HIV and anti-cancer activities. The important mechanisms involved for anti HIV and anticancer activity are mainly inhibition of enzymes like protease, HIV-integrase, telomerase, histone deacetylase, methionine amino peptidase, thymidylate synthase and focal adhesion kinase and inhibition of some growth factors.Conclusion:By reviving the past literature about 50 most potent oxadiazole derivatives, depending upon activity and structural modifications, have been selected as potent anti-HIV, and anti-cancer agents. Thus, oxadiazole seems to be a ‘privileged structure’ for further screening and syntheses of the new drug analogs against life threatening HIV and cancer like diseases.
Reflexões sobre Comportamentos Alimentares de Universitários Estrangeiros em Foz Do Iguaçu-PR
Authors: STEFANUTTI PAOLA , Almendra Marcela Sobreira Sepúlveda , Simões Gislaine Silveira , Oro Paula Marasca 
Published: October 2017

Estudar fora do país de origem permite ao estudante estrangeiro vivenciar novos desafios inerentes à vida universitária, inclusive adaptar-se a uma nova alimentação com base nos ingredientes disponíveis. Este estudo teve como objetivo realizar reflexões sobre o comportamento alimentar de universitários estrangeiros da Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana (UNILA). Foi utilizada metodologia qualitativa, por meio de questionário bilíngue aplicado a universitários voluntários da referida universidade. Com a aplicação do questionário realizou-se uma discussão baseando-se nos itens tempo, dinheiro, conhecimento culinário e nutricional, alimentos consumidos e padrão de compras de alimentos. Acrescentou-se ainda um diálogo sobre as adaptações alimentares dos universitários e suas dificuldades, reforçando o alimento com um fator identitário. Espera-se que esta pesquisa possa contribuir para outras análises, promovendo uma aproximação entre nutrição e ciências sociais, entendendo a alimentação como um fenômeno social a ser analisado de forma interdisciplinar.
Microviolencia en el trabajo, una práctica cotidiana del ejercicio del poder del management en las organizaciones
Authors: Román Muñoz Olga Herminda 
Published: October 2017

El propósito de esta investigación es identificar expresiones de microviolencia en el trabajo que se presentan en diferentes tipos de empresas, las cuales constituyen una práctica cotidiana del ejercicio del poder y dominio del management en cualquier nivel organizacional. Mediante una encuesta de percepción que aborda varias expresiones de microviolencia en el trabajo se logró determinar que son muy frecuentes este tipo de prácticas y que, además, pasan desapercibidas porque son consideradas “normales” dentro de la organización. Lo anterior coadyuva a generar y transmitir más violencia hacia el entorno. A partir de estos resultados se expone una serie de reflexiones para discusión en tiempos de paz y reconciliación, desde el deber que tiene el management de forjar un ambiente agradable de trabajo para mantener la salud mental y física de sus colaboradores, así como impulsar un desarrollo integral de la organización bajo los principios de ética y responsabilidad social.
Microsatellites for Phytolacca acinosa (Phytolaccaceae), a traditional medicinal herb1
Authors: Cheng Yueqin , Li Pingping , Yang Yi , Zhang Jianhang , Yan Fengming , Wang Hongwei 
Published: October 2017

Premise of the study:Phytolacca acinosa (Phytolaccaceae) is a traditional Chinese herb with multiple medicinal uses and is an important pigment source. Due to excessive human harvesting, the population numbers and sizes have decreased dramatically.Methods and Results:Using an enriched genomic library, we developed and characterized 15 microsatellite primers for P. acinosa, 13 of which were polymorphic. The number of alleles varied from two to seven. The observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity per locus ranged from 0.267 to 1.000 and 0.331 to 0.743, respectively. All of the primers that were developed were also successfully applied in P. americana.Conclusions:These markers should be useful in probing the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and mating systems of P. acinosa, which could provide information about protecting and sustainably harvesting this species.