bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equivalent currents associated with morning-sector geomagnetic Pc5 pulsations during auroral substorms
Authors: Kauristie K. , Uspensky M. V. , Kleimenova N. G. , Kozyreva O. V. , Van De Kamp M. M. J. L. , Dubyagin S. V. , Massetti S. 
Published: April 2016

Abstract. Space and time variations of equivalent currents during morning-sector Pc5 pulsations (T  ∼  2–8 min) on 2 days (18 January and 19 February 2008) are studied in the context of substorm activity with THEMIS and MIRACLE ground-based instruments and THEMIS P3, P5, and P2 probes. These instruments covered the 22:00–07:00 magnetic local time during the analyzed events. In these cases abrupt changes in the Pc5 amplitudes, intensifications and/or weakenings, were recorded some minutes after auroral breakups in the midnight sector. We analyze three examples of Pc5 changes with the goal to resolve whether substorm activity can have an effect on Pc5 amplitude or not. In two cases (on 19 February) the most likely explanation for Pc5 amplitude changes comes from the solar wind (changes in the sign of interplanetary magnetic field Bz). In the third case (on 18 January) equivalent current patterns in the morning sector show an antisunward-propagating vortex which replaced the Pc5-related smaller vortices and consequently the pulsations weakened. We associate the large vortex with a field-aligned current system due to a sudden, although small, drop in solar wind pressure (from 1 to 0.2 nPa). However, the potential impact of midnight substorm activity cannot be totally excluded in this case, because enhanced fluxes of electrons with high enough energies (∼  280 keV) to reach the region of Pc5 within the observed delay were observed by THEMIS P2 at longitudes between the midnight and morning-sector instrumentation.
Validação de Diagnósticos de Enfermagem da CIPE® para assistência às mulheres no período pós-parto
Authors: Olegário Walnizia Kessia Batista , Fernandes Leiliane Teixeira Bento , Medeiros Cláudia Maria Ramos 
Published: April 2016

A validação de nomenclatura possibilita uma contribuição no cuidado prestado pela Enfermagem, estimulando e direcionando mudanças necessárias para a melhoria da qualidade da atenção à saúde da mulher. O estudo objetivou validar afirmativas de Diagnósticos de Enfermagem da CIPE® para a assistência de enfermagem às mulheres no período pós-parto. Trata-se de um estudo metodológico, composto por três etapas: seleção das afirmativas, análise semântica e cálculo do Índice de Concordância. A amostra foi composta por 12 experts em Enfermagem Obstétrica e utilizou-se um instrumento contendo itens de interesse da investigação. Foram validados 30 (88,23%) Diagnósticos de Enfermagem da CIPE®, sendo apenas quatro não validados. O estudo evidenciou a necessidade de se investigar e atualizar os termos da CIPE®permanentemente. Além disso, a proposta e tendência de utilização de prontuários eletrônicos nas instituições de saúde apontam para a necessidade de validar, uniformizar e legitimar Diagnósticos de Enfermagem para a prática clínica.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO ALBEDO DE SUPERFÍCIE EM ÁREAS IRRIGADAS DO PROJETO JAÍBA (MINAS GERAIS), MEDIANTE IMAGENS LANDSAT 5 - TM
Authors: Veloso Gabriel Alves , Ferreira Manuel Eduardo , Rosa Roberto , Da Silva Bernardo Barbosa 
Published: April 2016

O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar o albedo de áreas irrigadas do projeto Jaíba. A área de estudo encontra-se localizada no Norte de Minas Gerais, entre as coordenadas UTM de 595204 e 626309 E e 8308401 e 8341257 N. Na elaboração do trabalho foram utilizadas imagens TM do Satélite Landsat 5, órbita/ponto 219/70, obtidas nos dias 31 de janeiro, dia Juliano 31 (DJ31), 21 de abril (DJ111), 24 de junho (DJ175), 10 de julho (DJ191) e 12 de setembro (DJ255), todas do ano de 2011. A determinação do albedo de superfície foi realizada segundo os procedimentos do algoritmo SEBAL (Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land), que se baseia na radiância dos canais refletivos do TM. A pesquisa obteve valores de albedo de superfície dos dias 31 e 111 para o rio São Francisco na ordem de 9 a 13%, associados ao aumento da carga de sedimentos provocado pela estação chuvosa. Os resultados do albedo de vegetação nativa foram os que demonstraram maior variação, apresentando valores na ordem de 9 a 16%. Este resultado pode estar associado à dinâmica que as estações do ano imprimem na vegetação e na pastagem, sendo que o dia 255 apresentou maior variação no período analisado, período este correspondente ao de estiagem. Os valores observados nas áreas irrigadas foram na ordem de 16 a 23%, enquanto os valores de vegetação degradada, pastagem e solo exposto variaram na ordem de 23 a 32%, sendo estes coerentes com os encontrados na literatura.
Simple and Sensitive UPLC-MS/MS Method for High-Throughput Analysis of Ibrutinib in Rat Plasma: Optimization by Box-Behnken Experimental Design
Authors: Iqbal Muzaffar , Shakeel Faiyaz , Anwer Tarique 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
Ibrutinib was the first Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor that was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of mantle cell lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and waldenstrom macroglobulinemia. The aim of this study was to develop a UPLC-tandem MS method for the high-throughput analysis of ibrutinib in rat plasma samples. A chromatographic condition was optimized by the implementation of the Box-Behnken experimental design. Both ibrutinib and internal standard (vilazodone; IS) were separated within 2 min using the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid in 10 mM ammonium acetate in a ratio of 80+20, eluted at a flow rate of 0.250 mL/min. A simple protein precipitation method was used for the sample cleanup procedure. The detection was performed in electrospray ionization (ESI) positive mode using multiple reaction monitoring by ion transitions of m/z 441.16 &gt; 84.02 for ibrutinib and m/z 442.17 &gt; 155.02 for IS, respectively. All calibration curves were linear in the concentration range of 0.35 to 400 ng/mL (r2 ≥ 0.997) with a lower LOQ of 0.35 ng/mL only. All validation parameter results were within the acceptance criteria as per international regulatory guidelines. The developed assay was successfully applied in the pharmacokinetic study of a novel ibrutinib self-nanoemulsifying drug-delivery system formulation.
Dos veces Julio. Sobre algunas memorias fotográficas del pasado reciente en la Argentina
Authors: Fortuny Natalia 
Published: April 2016

Resumen: El punto de partida de este artículo es una foto de Julio López, ex detenido-desaparecido de la pasada dictadura argentina y vuelto a desaparecer en 2006 tras dar testimonio en el juicio que condenó al represor Miguel Etchecolatz a prisión perpetua. Una foto de López ya vista será ahora reinsertada en otro contexto, duplicada para ser dada nuevamente a la mirada. Desde ella se desplegarán las singularidades de algunas otros artefactos visuales entendidos como memorias fotográficas de la historia reciente argentina ligada a la pasada dictadura. Fotos que en sus mismos procedimientos de construcción de lo pasado se van conformando como artefactos de memoria, tensando particularmente las cuestiones del paisaje y de la figura del desaparecido.
Palabras Clave: Fotografía argentina, memorias sociales, desaparecidos.
Abstract: The starting point of this article is a photo of Julio López, ex detained-disappeared in Argentina's last dictatorship. López disappeared again in 2006, after giving testimony at the trial that convicted repressor Miguel Etchecolatz to life imprisonment. One iconic photo of Lopez will now be reinserted in another context, projected onto a river. From this, the peculiarities of some other photographic memories of Argentina's recent history will be displayed. Specially, as they are visual artifacts of memory that tense the question of the landscape and the forced disappearance.
Key Words: Photography, Social Memories, Desaparecidos.
Segmentation of conducting domains in PEDOT:PSS films induced by an additive for conductivity enhancement
Authors: Unuma Takeya , Yoshikawa Muneki , Nakamura Arao , Kishida Hideo 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
We investigate the relationship between the morphology and in-plane conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films made from aqueous dispersions with/without ethylene glycol additive. Nanometer-scale current images of the films obtained using a conductive atomic-force microscope reveal that PEDOT-rich highly conducting domains are segmented into smaller ones — with the total area of these domains being nearly constant — for larger percentages of ethylene glycol leading to higher in-plane conductivities. The in-plane transport mechanism is found to have a strong dependence on the effective thickness of insulating barriers formed by excess PSS between neighboring highly conducting domains.
Theoretical investigations of initial growth processes on semipolar AlN

surfaces under metal–organic vapor-phase epitaxy growth condition
Authors: Akiyama Toru , Takemoto Yoshitaka , Nakamura Kohji , Ito Tomonori 
Published: April 2016

Abstract
The initial growth processes on semipolar AlN

surfaces, such as adsorption behavior of Al adatoms, are investigated on the basis of ab initio calculations and kinetic Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. By using surface phase diagrams, which are obtained by comparing the adsorption energy from ab initio calculations with gas-phase chemical potentials, we find that the adsorption of Al adatoms under H-poor condition is much easier than that under H-rich condition. Furthermore, our kinetic MC simulations demonstrate that the surface lifetime (diffusion length) of Al adatoms under H-poor condition is found to be four (two) orders of magnitude larger than that under H-rich condition. These differences implie that the growth under H-poor condition is much faster than that under H-rich condition, qualitatively consistent with the experimental results.
Derek Howse (1919–98)
Authors: Waters D. W. 
Published: July 2002

Commander Derek Howse, who has died aged 78, was a man of many talents which he used unstintingly in time of war, and in times of peace for the public benefit. After a distinguished career in the Royal Navy he joined the Museum service, and rose in it to become the leading authority on the history of the buildings, instruments and astronomical timekeepers of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, on the solution in the eighteenth century of the problem of determining the longitude at sea by lunar distance and by chronometer, and on the development and use of radar at sea.Derek was the son of a Captain of the Royal Navy, and at the age of thirteen and a half years followed his father into the Navy as a Naval Cadet. In HMS Britannia (then the Royal Naval College, Dartmouth) for the next three and a half years Derek was given a very broad – for those, even more for present times – education, for it was in the sciences and the humanities, in marine engineering and in seamanship, before going to sea as a midshipman in the 16″-gun battleship HMS Rodney for some two years. He then completed his sub-lieutenant's qualifying courses in navigation, gunnery, torpedoes, anti-submarine warfare and signals in 1939, as the Second World War broke out, when he again went to sea.
American Musicology and “The Archives of Eden”
Authors: WHITE HARRY 
Published: July 2002

In his T. S. Eliot Memorial Lectures delivered at the University
of Kent
in March, 1971, and subsequently published as In Bluebeard's Castle
or Some
Notes Towards A Re-definition of Culture, George Steiner apostrophized
the
condition of American culture in the following way:America is the representative and premonitory example [of the democratization

of high culture]. Nowhere has the debilitation of genuine literacy
gone further
(consider the recent surveys of reading-comprehension and recognition in

American high schools). But nowhere, also, have the conservation and learned

scrutiny of the art or literature of the past been pursued with more generous

authority. American libraries, universities, archives, museums, centres
for
advanced study, are now the indispensable record and treasure-house of

civilization. It is here that the European artist and scholar must come
to see the
cherished after-glow of his culture. Though often obsessed with the future,
the
United States is now, certainly in regard to the humanities, the active
watchman
of the classic past.So far, so good. But Steiner's encomium (notwithstanding that second

sentence) carried with it a conditional scrutiny which was less attractive

in its implications.
Control of Listeria monocytogenes by bacteriocins and monitoring of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria by colony hybridization in semi-hard raw milk cheese
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ EVA , ARQUÉS JUAN LUIS , GAYA PILAR , NUÑEZ MANUEL , MEDINA MARGARITA 
Published: July 2002

The ability of Listeria monocytogenes to grow at low temperatures and increase to
hazardous levels during storage of dairy products is of great concern to the dairy
industry. List. monocytogenes was detected in 3·6% of 774 cows' milk samples from
114 farms in Central Spain (Gaya et al. 1998). Ewes' and goats' milks produced in
Spain had contamination levels of 2·2 and 2·6% respectively (Rodríguez et al. 1994;
Gaya et al. 1996). List. monocytogenes may survive during the manufacture and
ripening of most cheese varieties, with higher risk in soft surface-ripened cheeses
owing to the rise in pH during ripening (Maisnier-Patin et al. 1992; Giraffa &
Carminati, 1997).The efficacy with which actively growing bacteriocin-producing cultures inhibit
List. monocytogenes in some cheese varieties has been demonstrated. Nisin-producing
starters inhibited List. monocytogenes V7 in Camembert cheese (Maisnier-Patin et al.
1992) and List. innocua BL86/26 in raw ewes' milk Manchego cheese (Rodríguez et al.
1998). A lacticin 3147-producing starter culture (McAuliffe et al. 1999) reduced
List. monocytogenes Scott A levels in cottage cheese. Inoculation of milk with
enterocin AS-48-producing Enterococcus faecalis INIA 4 inhibited List. monocytogenes
strains Ohio and Scott A during the manufacture and ripening of Manchego cheese
(Nuñez et al. 1997).Semi-hard cheese varieties from raw or pasteurized cows' milk mixed with
different proportions of ewes' and/or goats' milk represent ∼ 50% of Spanish cheese
production. The objective of the present work was to evaluate the antilisterial
activity of three bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria strains isolated from milk
(Rodríguez et al. 2000) during the manufacture and ripening of a semi-hard cheese
manufactured from raw milk.
Prediction and investigation of the turbulent flow over a rotating disk
Authors: WU XIAOHUA , SQUIRES KYLE D. 
Published: July 2002

Large-eddy simulation (LES) has been used to predict the statistically three-dimensional turbulent boundary layer (3DTBL) over a rotating disk. LES predictions
for six parameter cases were compared to the experimental measurements of Littell &
Eaton (1994), obtained at a momentum thickness Reynolds number of 2660. A signal-decomposition scheme was developed by modifying the method of Spalart (1988) to
prescribe time-dependent boundary conditions along the radial direction, entrainment
towards the disk surface was prescribed by satisfying global mass conservation. Predictions
of the mean velocities and r.m.s. fluctuations are in good agreement with data,
with the largest discrepancy occurring in the prediction of the wall-normal intensities.
The primary and two secondary shear stresses are also in good agreement with the
measurements and one-dimensional energy spectra of the velocity fluctuations agree
well with established laws, i.e. a −1 slope in the buffer region and −5/3 slope near
the edge of the boundary layer.Conditionally averaged velocities provide new evidence in support of the structural
model of Littell & Eaton (1994) concerning the interaction of mean-flow three-dimensionality and shear-stress producing structures. Inside the buffer region under
strong ejections, the conditionally averaged crossflow (radial) velocity is larger than
the unconditioned mean, and the profile conditioned on strong sweeps is smaller
than the mean. This is consistent with the notion that streamwise vortices having
the same sign as the mean streamwise vorticity, and beneath the peak crossflow
location, are mostly responsible for strong sweep events; streamwise vortices with
opposite sign as the mean streamwise vorticity promote strong ejections. Comparison
of two-point spatial correlations with previous measurements in two-dimensional
turbulent boundary layers (2DTBLs) indicates interesting structural similarities, e.g.
the correlation of wall pressure and surface-normal velocity fluctuations is an odd
function of streamwise separation, being positive downstream and negative upstream.
These similarities offer quantitative indirect support to the hypothesis advanced by
Littell & Eaton (1994) and Johnston & Flack (1996) that structural models describing
2DTBLs may be employed as a baseline in (equilibrium) 3DTBL structural studies.
Stokes flow in a half-filled annulus between rotating coaxial cylinders
Authors: GASKELL P. H. , SAVAGE M. D. , WILSON M. 
Published: July 2002

A model is presented for viscous flow in a cylindrical cavity (a

half-filled annulus

lying between horizontal, infinitely long concentric cylinders of radii

Ri, Ro rotating

with peripheral speeds Ui,

Uo). Stokes' approximation is used to
formulate

a boundary value problem which is solved for the streamfunction, ω,
as a

function of radius ratio R¯=

Ri/Ro and
speed ratio

S=Ui/Uo.Results show that for S>0 (S<0) the flow domain

consists of two (one) large

eddies (eddy), each having a stagnation point on the centreline and a

potentially rich

substructure with separatrices and sub-eddies. The behaviour of the streamfunction

solution in the neighbourhood of stagnation points on the centreline is
investigated

by means of a truncated Taylor expansion. As R¯ and S

are varied it is shown that a

bifurcation in the flow structure arises in which a centre becomes a

saddle stagnation

point and vice versa. As R¯→1, a sequence of

‘flow bifurcations’ leads to a flow

structure consisting of a set of nested separatrices, and provides the
means by which

the two-dimensional cavity flow approaches quasi-unidirectional flow in
the small gap

limit. Control-space diagrams reveal that speed ratio has little effect
on the flow

structure when S<0 and also when S>0 and aspect
ratios

are small (except near

S=1). For S>0 and moderate to large aspect ratios
the

bifurcation characteristics

of the two large eddies are quite different and depend on both

R¯ and S.
Psychiatrists' diagnoses of subthreshold depression in old age: frequency and correlates
Authors: GEISELMANN B. , LINDEN M. , HELMCHEN H. 
Published: July 2002

Background. Depressive syndromes not fulfilling the criteria for specified disorders (subthreshold
depression, SD) may be clinically important. We aimed to study SD in old and very old age, in
comparison with subjects with no depressive symptoms (NDS) and subjects with major depression
(MD).Methods. A community-based random sample of 516 subjects, age 70 to 100 years and over,
stratified by age and sex, was examined. All participants were investigated by psychiatrists and by
geriatricians independently.Results. In 16·5% (N = 85) of the study subjects SD was identified. Study subjects with SD had,
similarly to the subjects with MD, significantly more somatic diagnoses and used more somatic as
well as psychotropic medications than the subjects with NDS. Self-ratings and observer ratings of
depression indicated that SD was a milder depressive state than MD.Conclusions. Compared with MD, SD is probably a milder form of depression. The increased use
of psychotropic medications indicates that at least a portion of these individuals have a disorder
requiring treatment. One of the characteristics of SD is co-morbidity with somatic illnesses and
physical disability.
Social work
Authors: Manthorpe Jill 
Published: July 2002

Alison J. Hirschel, 1996. Setting the stage: the advocates' struggle to
address neglect in Philadelphia nursing homes. Journal of Elder Abuse
and Neglect, 8, 3, 5–20.Raymond Jack and Stephen Mosley, 1997. The client group
preferences of Diploma in Social Work students. British Journal of
Social Work, 27, 2, 893–912.Ruth Landau, 1997. Ethical judgement and decision making
orientation in social work. Issues in Social Work Education,
17, 2, 66–81.The abuse of older people has seized the imagination of social workers, and
conferences or training on the subject are frequently well subscribed. For
many, the concept appears to have brought together aspects of their concerns
about older people, while perhaps helping to justify their professional or
academic interest. The reality of abuse remains generally unreported so any
material derived from ‘real’ events that is well documented and carefully
analysed is likely to be thought-provoking and influential.
The South African pension system
Authors: Møller Valerie 
Published: July 2002

A. Sagner. 1998. The 1944 Pension Laws Amendment Bill: old-age
security policy in South Africa in historical perspective, ca.
1920–1960. Southern African Journal of Gerontology7, 1, 10–14.S. van der Berg. 1998. Ageing, public finance and social security in
South Africa. Southern African Journal of Gerontology7, 1, 3–9.The latest issue of Southern African Journal of Gerontology
traces the origins of the
South African social pensions system and addresses contemporary issues. In
her editorial, Monica Ferreira (1998) notes that South Africa is one of only
two countries in Africa that operates a social old-age system. Although the
value of the South African social pension system is low in terms of real income
(R490 in July 1998 – approximately US$100), the pension is generous in
comparison with other developing countries. The take-up rate of the pension
is virtually 90 per cent in the case of Africans, who historically were the most
disadvantaged group under apartheid.
Accurate modelling of compliant grippers using a new method
Authors: Refaat M. H. , Meguid S. A. 
Published: July 2002

Current techniques which have been devised for motion planning and control of compliant multi-fingered grippers are based on the assumption of a constant compliance.
The present investigation was undertaken to examine the validity of this assumption. To this end, the variational inequalities approach and the finite element method were used to formulate the general frictional contact problem. A two-step algorithm, which employs Quadratic Programming and non-differential optimization algorithms, is used to solve the resulting variational inequality and to provide the contact characteristics of compliant
grippers.The proposed method is applied to a case study involving a multi-fingered compliant gripper. The equivalent stress contours and the compliance of the system were obtained and analyzed. The proposed approach, which can be applied to any contact problem in robotics, overcomes most of the difficulties and approximations evident in current simplified contact analysis techniques.