bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Use of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) Arthrography for Wrist Ligamentous Injuries – A Diagnostic Test Accuracy Meta-analysis
Authors: DHILLON Harnoor-Khroud , ROJOA Djamila M. , RAHEMAN Zaid , MONTEOLIVA Nicholas Cereceda , DHILLON Govind , RAHEMAN Firas J. 
Published: October 2024

Background: Diagnosis of ligamentous wrist injuries can be challenging with the absence of dynamic instability on radiographs. Our aim was to evaluate the accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) arthrography in diagnosing scapholunate ligament (SLL), lunotriquetral ligament (LTL) and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) injuries. Methods: A systematic review and literature search were conducted in compliance with Preferred Reporting Items for a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) and registered at the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews, PROSPERO (CRD42024517655). A mixed-effects logistic regression bivariate model was used to estimate summary sensitivity and specificity, and hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curves were constructed to determine diagnostic accuracy of CBCT arthrography. Results: We identified five studies assessing the accuracy of CBCT arthrography against wrist arthrography or intraoperative findings as reference standard. The pooled estimates for sensitivity and specificity of CBCT arthrography was 93% (95% CI 40–100) and 91% (95% CI 81–96) for SLL injuries, 83% (95% CI 37–98) and 64% (95% CI 42–81) for LTL injuries and 78% (95% CI 57–91) and 80% (95% CI 54–93) for TFCC injuries. The area under the curve was 0.91 (95% CI 0.89–0.94), showing an excellent diagnostic accuracy of CBCT arthrography in SLL injuries. CBCT arthrography had an estimated mean effective dose of 3.2 mSv (2.0–4.8). Conclusions: Our study confirms that CBCT arthrography has an excellent diagnostic accuracy for wrist ligamentous injuries with comparably high sensitivity to conventional arthrography and a better specificity. While further studies with more robust methodology are required to support its implementation in clinical practice, our analysis shows that it is a reliable option and has a promising future. Level of Evidence: Level III (Diagnostic)
Isabelle/Solidity: A deep embedding of Solidity in Isabelle/HOL
Authors: Marmsoler Diego , Brucker Achim D. 
Published: October 2024

Smart contracts are computer programs designed to automate legal agreements. They are usually developed in a high-level programming language, the most popular of which is Solidity. Every day, hundreds of thousands of new contracts are deployed managing millions of dollars’ worth of transactions. As for every computer program, smart contracts may contain bugs which can be exploited. However, since smart contracts are often used to automate financial transactions, such exploits may result in huge economic losses. In general, it is estimated that since 2019, more than $5B was stolen due to vulnerabilities in smart contracts.
This paper addresses the issue of smart contract vulnerabilities by introducing an executable denotational semantics for Solidity within the Isabelle/HOL interactive theorem prover. This formal semantics serves as the basis for an interactive program verification environment for Solidity smart contracts. To evaluate our semantics, we integrate grammar-based fuzzing with symbolic execution to automatically test it against the Solidity reference implementation. The paper concludes by showcasing the formal verification of Solidity programs, exemplified through the verification of a basic Solidity token.
Enhancing Recommendation Diversity by Re-ranking with Large Language Models
Authors: Carraro Diego , Bridge Derek 
Published: October 2024

Recommender Systems (RS) should provide diverse recommendations, not just relevant ones. Diversity helps handle uncertainty and offers users meaningful choices. The literature proposes various methods to improve diversity, most notably by re-ranking and selecting from a larger set of candidate recommendations. Driven by promising insights from the literature on how to incorporate versatile Large Language Models (LLMs) into the RS pipeline, in this paper we show how LLMs can be used for diversity re-ranking.
We prompt LLMs to generate a diverse ranking from a candidate ranking using various prompt templates with different re-ranking instructions in a zero-shot fashion. We conduct experiments testing state-of-the-art LLMs from the GPT and Llama families. We compare their re-ranking capabilities with random re-ranking and various traditional re-ranking methods from the literature. We open-source the code of our experiments for reproducibility. Our findings suggest that the trade-offs (in terms of performance and costs, among others) of LLM-based re-rankers are superior to those of random re-rankers but, as yet, inferior to the ones of traditional re-rankers. However, because LLMs exhibit improved performance on many natural language processing and recommendation tasks and lower inference costs, we can expect LLM-based re-ranking to become more competitive soon.
Histology-Specific Clinical Trial of Lenvatinib and Pembrolizumab in Patients with Sarcoma
Authors: Movva Sujana , Seier Kenneth , Avutu Viswatej , Banks Lauren B. , Chan Jason , Chi Ping , Dickson Mark A. , Gounder Mrinal M. , Kelly Ciara M. , Keohan Mary L. , Maki Robert , Rosenbaum Evan , Salcito Tiffany , Rodriguez Kaithleen , Dempsey Rebecca , Meyers Paul A. , Cohen Seth M. , Hensley Martee L. , Konner Jason A. , Schram Alison M. , Lefkowitz Robert A. , Erinjeri Joseph P. , Qin Li-Xuan , Tap William D. , D’Angelo Sandra P. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Survival of patients with metastatic sarcoma remains poor, and there is a pressing need for new therapies. Most sarcoma subtypes are not responsive to immune checkpoint inhibition alone. Lenvatinib, a multireceptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor targeting tumor vasculature, has an immunomodulatory activity that contributes to its antitumor effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that a combination of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab would lead to improved clinical outcomes in patients with sarcoma.

Patients and Methods:
This was an open-label, single-arm study of lenvatinib and pembrolizumab in the following cohorts: (A) leiomyosarcoma, (B) undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), (C) vascular sarcomas (angiosarcoma and epithelioid hemangioendothelioma), (D) synovial sarcoma or malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), and (E) bone sarcomas (osteosarcoma and chondrosarcoma). The primary endpoint was the best overall response (BOR) rate documented by RECIST v1.1 by 27 weeks in each cohort, with a threshold of ≥2 responses among 10 patients. Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, overall survival, duration of response, and safety.

Results:
Forty-six patients were evaluable for the primary endpoint, which was met in the UPS and MPNST/synovial cohorts (BOR rates by 27 weeks of 25% and 30%, respectively). There were seven partial responses overall with additional responses noted in angiosarcoma and osteosarcoma. Treatment-related adverse events of any grade and grade 3 or higher occurred in 50/51 (98%) and 29/51 (57%) of patients, respectively.

Conclusions:
We observed durable responses in MPNST, synovial sarcoma, and osteosarcoma. Patients with UPS and angiosarcoma also responded. Further exploration of this approach is warranted to confirm activity and determine optimal dosing schedules.
Defining Echocardiographic Degrees of Right Heart Size and Function in Pulmonary Vascular Disease From the PVDOMICS Study
Authors: Mukherjee Monica , Mathai Stephen C. , Jellis Christine , Freed Benjamin H. , Yanek Lisa R. , Agoglia Hannah , Chiu Caitlin , Jani Vivek P. , Simpson Catherine E. , Brittain Evan L. , Tang W.H. Wilson , Park Margaret M. , Hemnes Anna R. , Rosenzweig Erika B. , Rischard Franz P. , Frantz Robert P. , Hassoun Paul M. , Beck Gerald , Hill Nicholas S. , Erzurum Serpil , Thomas James D. , Kwon Deborah , Leopold Jane A. , Horn Evelyn M. , Kim Jiwon ,   the PVDOMICS Study Group
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:
Defining qualitative grades of echocardiographic metrics of right heart chamber size and function is critical for screening, clinical assessment, and measurement of therapeutic response in individuals with pulmonary vascular disease (PVD). In a population enriched for PVD, we sought to establish qualitative grades and prognostic value of right heart chamber size and function.

METHODS:
We investigated 1053 study participants in PVDOMICS (Redefining Pulmonary Hypertension Through the PVD Phenomics Program) to determine clinical and echocardiographic differences associated with increasing pulmonary vascular resistance severity. Right heart chamber size and function were qualitatively assessed using a percentile-based approach above the median values to create a clinical grading system for right heart adaptation. The relationship between echocardiographic categories and all-cause mortality was examined using survival analyses adjusted for potential confounders.

RESULTS:

A stepwise increase in adverse right heart remodeling was observed with a concomitant decrease in functional parameters by pulmonary vascular resistance strata (
P
<0.001 for all). Mild, moderate, and severe categories of right heart chamber size and dysfunction were defined using a percentile-based approach across the spectrum of PVD. During a median follow-up of 2.07 years (interquartile range, 1.23–3.01 years), 130 participants died (11.4%). Progressive pulmonary vascular resistance increase and 2DE evidence of right heart dysfunction inclusive of fractional area change, and right ventricular global longitudinal strain were independently associated with increased all-cause mortality risk in multivariate analysis adjusted for age, disease duration, and male sex.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this well-characterized sample of adults with diverse etiologies and varying PVD severity, we define categories of abnormal right heart chamber size and function. Further, we demonstrate a stepwise relationship between these categories of abnormal morphology and function and all-cause mortality. Defining grades of right ventricular dysfunction in individuals with known PVD has important clinical implications for monitoring disease progression and response to therapies.
Lesion Volume as a Predictor for Return to Work After Endovascular Treatment: A 4‐Year Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Helland Gisle Berg , Beyer Mona Kristiansen , Enriquez Brian Anthony B. , Ihle‐Hansen Hege , Ihle‐Hansen Håkon , Andersson Stein , Leonardsen Esten Høyland , Stangeland Helle , Ùjhelyi Bettina , Hagberg Guri , Harbo Hanne Flinstad , Aamodt Anne Hege , Høgestøl Einar August 
Published: October 2024

Background
There are no known objective biomarkers for predicting return to work (RTW) in ischemic stroke survivors. This study aims to explore the predictive utility and defines a cutoff value of lesion volume on RTW after endovascular treatment.

Methods
We included patients aged <65 years undergoing endovascular treatment at Oslo University Hospital between January 2017 and May 2019. Employment status was obtained at both baseline and a 4‐year follow‐up. Stroke lesion volumes were segmented using magnetic resonance imaging scans 24 hours after endovascular treatment. Logistic regression models were conducted to assess the impact of lesion volume on RTW status at follow‐up, adjusted for patients’ characteristics, stroke‐related factors, and treatment. We calculated the receiver operating characteristic curve to determine the optimal lesion volume cutoff. Machine learning regression models were used to assess the predictive abilities of baseline clinical and imaging variables for RTW.

Results

Of the 109 individuals treated, 81 (74%) were employed at baseline. Among these, 60 completed 4‐year follow‐up with magnetic resonance imaging available for stroke lesion segmentation and were included in the analyses. Mean age at stroke onset was 51.8 years (range, 23.5–64.9 years), and 50% were female. Median lesion volume was 18 mL (interquartile ranges, 45—47 mL). After 4 years, 34 (57%) had successfully RTW. The odds for not RTW increased by 5% for every 1 mL increase in lesion volume (adjusted odds ratio, 1.05 [95% CI, 1.02–1.11];
P
= 0.02). A lesion volume cutoff value of 29 cm
3
yielded a sensitivity of 0.91 and specificity of 0.65 for predicting RTW. Notably, the most influential feature in the machine learning model for predicting RTW was lesion volume.

Conclusion

Lesion volume was the most robust predictor of RTW 4 years after endovascular treatment. Our findings suggest that a cutoff of 29 cm
3
is suitable to distinguish between those with high and low chance of RTW.
Personalized neuroimaging reveals the impact of children’s interests on language processing in the brain
Authors: Olson Halie A. , Johnson Kristina T. , Nishith Shruti , Frosch Isabelle R. , Gabrieli John D.E. , D’Mello Anila M. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Cognition is shaped by individual experiences and interests. However, to study cognition in the brain, researchers typically use generic stimuli that are the same across all individuals. Language, in particular, is animated and motivated by several highly personal factors that are typically not accounted for in neuroimaging study designs, such as “interest” in a topic. Due to its inherently personal and idiosyncratic nature, it is unknown how interest in a topic modulates language processing in the brain. We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 20 children (ages 6.98–12.01 years, mean(SD) = 9.35(1.52), 5 female/15 male) as they listened to personalized narratives about a topic of specific interest, as well as to non-personalized generic narratives. We found that personalized narratives about a topic of interest increased activation in canonical language areas, as well as in reward and self-reference regions. Strikingly, we found that activation patterns elicited by topics of personal interest were more consistent across children, despite their idiosyncratic nature, than activation patterns elicited by narratives about an identical generic topic. These results reinforce the critical role that personal interests play in language processing in the human brain, and demonstrate the feasibility of using a personalized neuroimaging approach to study the effects of individually-varying factors such as interest in the brain.
(Un) Learning and Re (Learning) Counterterrorism in Kenya: A Pilgrimage Towards Indigeneity
Authors: Achieng’ Shirley G. 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
To a great extent, Kenya’s counterterrorism approach is criticised for being a copycat of the Western state-centric approach. This raises questions on whether the country’s approach is indeed based on African heritage or embedded in Eurocentric dispositions. Despite being framed largely by discourses of Islamophobia Kenya’s counterterrorism approach is also a product of the dominant universalistic knowledge that is not entirely suitable for the country’s counterterrorism situation. Debates have emerged on whether this scenario is attributed to the failure to place terrorism in the wider historical context or whether coloniality and Western modernity are contributing to this threat. To address these issues, this paper employs the Afrocentric decolonial approach anchored on the Ubuntu philosophy to investigate what a decolonised counterterrorism approach that reflects indigenous perspectives should entail in Kenya. Consequently, this paper attempts to shed light on history through the eyes of the subaltern by deconstructing some of the mainstream assumptions that have dominated Kenya’s counterterrorism discourse. Consequently, this paper aims to provide the platform for epistemic reconstitution by debunking the myth that Indigenous Knowledge about counterterrorism is insubstantial.
Decades of Land and Agrarian Reform in Zimbabwe: a Review of Transformative Social Policy Lessons for Other African Countries
Authors: Tom Tom 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Land is an enabler and guarantor of people’s socioeconomic wellbeing. As Africa grapples with enduring multiple human development challenges, though not the sole pathway nor a panacea, reforming land tenure, agrarian structures, and agrarian relations has immense capacity to address the structural causes of poverty, inequality and marginalisation. Yet, the corpus of scholarly literature that consciously centres the transformative social policy lessons of land and agrarian reform is paltry. The article uses Zimbabwe and Transformative Social Policy as the evaluative case study and lens respectively, to navigate the lessons of transformative social policy that are pertinent to other African countries. If appropriately designed and supported, land and agrarian reforms are core social policy instruments with multiple transformative functions – redistributive, productive, protective, reproductive and social compact. Nevertheless, these reforms are not the sole approach for transforming and guaranteeing people’s socioeconomic wellbeing in Africa.
Was eine KI niemals können wird, wird auch der Mensch niemals können
Authors: Braunwarth Julian 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
In this article, I will argue in favor of a broad concept of AI that is not restricted to a particular kind of technology. Arguments based on such a concept will stand the test of time and will not become obsolete as technology advances. Arguments concerning the limits and possibilities of technology based solely on steam engine technology, for example, would no longer be relevant today. The same holds for arguments concerning symbolic-logical AI – and will probably be similar in the future with arguments concerning current artificial neural networks. In a second step I develop a technology-independent argument to show that no system – no matter how advanced it may be – can ever fully understand itself. Furthermore, I will show that with a broad concept of AI – which also includes biological systems, for example – AI with human-level capabilities is, at least, possible. However, if artificial intelligence with human-level capabilities is possible, then the fundamental or absolute limitations of AI capabilities would also be fundamental limitations of human capabilities. In other words: what AI can never do, humans can’t do either.
Mind the Vicarious Responsibility
Authors: Kosterec Miloš 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Vicarious responsibility exists. It is (also) a species of moral responsibility. Nevertheless, it is seldomly discussed or considered as such in the main debates within moral philosophy. This article presents a case for the relevance of vicarious moral responsibility to several of these discussions. It seeks to provide new insights for the debate between historicism and structuralism and presents a further case for distinguishing between various facets of moral responsibility. Furthermore, the article demonstrates that an agent need not enter into the relation of vicarious responsibility freely in order to be responsible. This idea then allows us to present new cases for compatibilism, demonstrating the consistency of moral responsibility with determinism.
Community and Care: Black Civil Society and the Influenza Pandemic of 1918 in the United States
Authors: Skäbe Paul 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
During the deadliest pandemic of the twentieth century, the Great Influenza pandemic of 1918–1920, African Americans in the United States appeared to be an especially vulnerable population. The health effects of racialized segregation, produced by congested housing conditions, environmental racism, and exclusion from or discrimination in healthcare services, threatened a devastating situation during the second wave of the pandemic in late 1918. This paper argues that a network of Black civil society organizations and activists sprang into action to ameliorate the worst effects of this public health emergency, and that it was able to provide care and relief that would have largely been denied by white-led public and private institutions. This network had been built up in the preceding decades and can therefore serve as an important model and informational resource in utilizing community-centered planning to prepare marginalized peoples for the spread of pandemic disease.
Relationship between fill volume and transport in peritoneal dialysis—from bench to bedside
Authors: Öberg Carl M. 
Published: October 2024

Introduction Larger fill volumes in peritoneal dialysis (PD) typically improve small solute clearance and water removal, and vice versa—but the relationship between intraperitoneal volume and the capacities for solute and water transport in PD has been little studied. Here, it is proposed that this relative relationship is described by a simple ratio (Volumenew/Volumeold)2/3 up to a critical break-point volume, beyond which further volume increase is less beneficial in terms of solute and water removal. Method To scrutinize this hypothesis, experiments were conducted in a rat model of PD alongside a retrospective analysis of data from a prior clinical study. Rats underwent PD with either three consecutive fills of 8 + 8 + 8 mL (n = 10) or 12 + 12 + 12 mL (n = 10), with 45-minute dwell time intervals. This approach yielded 60 estimations of water and solute transport, characterized by osmotic conductance to glucose and solute diffusion capacities, respectively. Results Comparative analysis of the predictive efficacy of the two models—the simple ratio versus the break-point model—was performed using Monte Carlo cross-validation. The break-point model emerged as a superior predictor for both water and solute transfer, demonstrating its capability to characterize both experimental data from rats and clinical data from patients. Conclusion The present analysis indicates that relatively simple calculations can be used to approximate clinical effects on solute and water removal when prescribing a lower or higher fill volume to patients with PD.
Refractive outcomes following simultaneous silicone oil removal and ciliary sulcus intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Zheng Dezhi , Huang Zijing , Chen Zhiying , Huang Dingguo , Chen Weiqi 
Published: October 2024

Purpose This study aimed to assess the refractive outcomes following the combined intervention of silicon oil (SO) removal and ciliary sulcus intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in aphakic eyes after phacovitrectomy. Methods A retrospective examination of medical records from patients who underwent a combined procedure of SO removal and ciliary sulcus IOL implantation from 2019 to 2022 was performed. The primary outcomes of interest included uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), predictive error (PE) and mean absolute predictive error (MAE). Subgroup analyses were performed to compare outcomes between patients with and without intraoperative posterior capsulotomy. Results The cohort comprised 40 eyes from 40 patients, with a mean duration of SO tamponade of 5.17 ± 1.48 months. A significant improvement in UDVA was observed from 1.58 ± 0.31 logMAR to 0.99 ± 0.31 logMAR one month postoperatively ( P < 0.01). The PE was −0.73 ± 0.86 diopters (D), and the MAE was 0.90 ± 0.67 D, with 37.50% and 57.50% of cases achieving PE within ±0.5 D and ±1.0 D, respectively. No significant differences in UDVA, PE, or MAE were found between the capsulotomy and non-capsulotomy subgroups (all P > 0.05). However, a lower proportion of eyes in the capsulotomy group achieved PE within ±1.0 D compared to the non-capsulotomy group one month postoperatively (38.90% vs. 72.70%, P = 0.03). Conclusions The combined procedure of SO removal and sulcus IOL implantation resulted in a mild myopic shift in postoperative refraction. Intraoperative posterior capsulotomy seems to increase the lability of postoperative refractive outcomes.