bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment Outcomes Among Older Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Adults in Nigeria
Authors: Agaba Patricia A. , Meloni Seema T. , Sule Halima M. , Agbaji Oche O. , Sagay Atiene S. , Okonkwo Prosper , Idoko John A. , Kanki Phyllis J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract

Background
Older age at initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has been associated with poorer clinical outcomes. Our objectives were to compare outcomes between older and younger patients in our clinical cohort in Jos, Nigeria.

Methods
This retrospective cohort study evaluated patients enrolled on cART at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria between 2004 and 2012. We compared baseline and treatment differences between older (≥50 years) and younger (15–49 years) patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models estimated survival and loss to follow-up (LTFU) and determined factors associated with these outcomes at 24 months.

Results
Of 8352 patients, 643 (7.7%) were aged ≥50 years. The median change in CD4 count from baseline was 151 vs 132 (P = .0005) at 12 months and 185 vs 151 cells/mm3 (P = .03) at 24 months for younger and older patients, respectively. A total of 68.9% vs 71.6% (P = .13) and 69.6% vs 74.8% (P = .005) of younger and older patients achieved viral suppression at 12 and 24 months, with similar incidence of mortality and LTFU. In adjusted hazard models, factors associated with increased risk of mortality were male sex, World Health Organization (WHO) stage III/IV, and having a gap in care, whereas being fully suppressed was protective. The risk of being LTFU was lower for older patients, those fully suppressed virologically and with adherence rates &gt;95%. Male sex, lack of education, WHO stage III/IV, body mass index &lt;18.5 kg/m2, and having a gap in care independently predicted LTFU.

Conclusions
Older patients achieved better viral suppression, and older age was not associated with increased mortality or LTFU in this study.
Validity of Different Activity Monitors to Count Steps in an Inpatient Rehabilitation Setting
Authors: Treacy Daniel , Hassett Leanne , Schurr Karl , Chagpar Sakina , Paul Serene S. , Sherrington Catherine 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background. Commonly used activity monitors have been shown to be accurate in counting steps in active people; however, further validation is needed in slower walking populations.
Objectives. To determine the validity of activity monitors for measuring step counts in rehabilitation inpatients compared with visually observed step counts. To explore the influence of gait parameters, activity monitor position, and use of walkers on activity monitor accuracy.
Methods. One hundred and sixty-six inpatients admitted to a rehabilitation unit with an average walking speed of 0.4 m/s (SD 0.2) wore 16 activity monitors (7 different devices in different positions) simultaneously during 6-minute and 6-m walks. The number of steps taken during the tests was also counted by a physical therapist. Gait parameters were assessed using the GAITRite system. To analyze the influence of different gait parameters, the percentage accuracy for each monitor was graphed against various gait parameters for each activity monitor.
Results. The StepWatch, Fitbit One worn on the ankle and the ActivPAL showed excellent agreement with observed step count (ICC2,1 0.98; 0.92; 0.78 respectively). Other devices (Fitbit Charge, Fitbit One worn on hip, G-Sensor, Garmin Vivofit, Actigraph) showed poor agreement with the observed step count (ICC2,1 0.12–0.40). Percentage agreement with observed step count was highest for the StepWatch (mean 98%). The StepWatch and the Fitbit One worn on the ankle maintained accuracy in individuals who walked more slowly and with shorter strides but other devices were less accurate in these individuals.
Limitations. There were small numbers of participants for some gait parameters.
Conclusions. The StepWatch showed the highest accuracy and closest agreement with observed step count. This device can be confidently used by researchers for accurate measurement of step counts in inpatient rehabilitation in individuals who walk slowly. If immediate feedback is desired, the Fitbit One when worn on the ankle would be the best choice for this population.
Situational Analysis of Physical Therapist Clinical Instructors’ Facilitation of Students’ Emerging Embodiment of Movement in Practice
Authors: Covington Kyle , Barcinas Susan J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background. Physical therapists improve the functional ability of patients after injury and disease. A unique component of their practice is the ability to use the movement of their own bodies to effect change in their patients. This ability has been recognized as a distinctive attribute of expert physical therapists.
Objective. The purpose of this qualitative situational analysis study was to examine how physical therapist clinical instructors perceive and facilitate their students’ emerging integration of movement in practice.
Design. Data collection and analysis were guided by a theoretical framework for understanding “professional ways of being.” Data were analyzed using coding and mapping strategies consistent with situational analysis techniques.
Methods. The study included 5 physical therapist clinical instructors and their respective 5 physical therapist students. Data were collected during beginning, midterm, and final weeks of the students’ clinical internships using participant interviews, observation, and document analysis.
Results. Coded data were summarized using situational analysis mapping strategies, resulting in 11 maps. These maps were further analyzed and reduced to 5 thematic behaviors enacted by a clinical instructor as he or she helps facilitate students’ use of movement in practice. These behaviors are adapt, prepare, enhance, connect, and develop.
Limitations. The limited number of participants and the relative homogeneity of the student sample may have limited the diversity of data collected.
Conclusions. The 5 behaviors are useful when considered as a trajectory of development. To our knowledge, this study marks the first description of how physical therapist clinical instructors develop students’ use of movement in practice and how to enact behaviors important in students’ continued professional development. The findings are important for clinical instructors and academic programs considering how best to prepare students to use movement and develop their skills early in practice.
Poor Physical Performance Predicts Future Onset of Depression in Elderly People: Progetto Veneto Anziani Longitudinal Study
Authors: Veronese Nicola , Stubbs Brendon , Trevisan Caterina , Bolzetta Francesco , De Rui Marina , Solmi Marco , Sartori Leonardo , Musacchio Estella , Zambon Sabina , Perissinotto Egle , Baggio Giovannella , Crepaldi Gaetano , Manzato Enzo , Maggi Stefania , Sergi Guiseppe 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Background. Reduced physical performance is predictive of deleterious outcomes in older adults. Data considering objective physical performance and incident depression are sparse.
Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate during a 4-year study whether objective physical performance can predict incident depression among older adults who do not have depression at the baseline.
Design. This was a longitudinal study.
Methods. From 3,099 older people initially enrolled in the Progetto Veneto Anziani study, 970 participants without depression at the baseline were included (mean age = 72.5 years; 54.6% women). Physical performance measures included the Short Physical Performance Battery, 4-m gait speed, Five-Times Sit-to-Stand test, leg extension and flexion, handgrip strength, and 6-minute walk test, categorized in sex-specific tertiles. Depression was classified on the basis of the Geriatric Depression Scale and a diagnosis from a geriatric psychiatrist. Area under the curve and logistic regression analyses were conducted.
Results. At the baseline, participants developing depression during the follow-up (n = 207) scored significantly worse across all physical performance measures than those who did not develop depression. The area under the curve and predictive power were similar for all of the physical performance tests assessed. In the logistic regression analysis, after adjustment for 14 potential confounders, worse physical performance across all tests increased the risk of depression. Participants in the lowest tertile of the Short Physical Performance Battery were at notable odds of developing depression (odds ratio = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.18-2.71). The association between poor physical performance and depression was typically stronger in women than in men, except for 4-m gait speed.
Limitations. No gold standard was used for a depression diagnosis; oxidative stress and inflammatory markers were not included; and there was a high rate of missing data at the follow-up.
Conclusions. Low physical performance appeared to be an independent predictor of depression over a 4-year follow-up in a sample of elderly people.
Rectracted: Anti-ribosomal-phosphoprotein autoantibodies penetrate to neuronal cells via neuronal growth associated protein, affecting neuronal cellsin vitro
Authors: Kivity Shaye , Shoenfeld Yehuda , Arango Maria-Teresa , Cahill Dolores J , O’Kane Sara Louise , Zusev Margalit , Slutsky Inna , Harel-Meir Michal , Chapman Joab , Matthias Torsten , Blank Miri 
Published: February 2017

AbstractObjectiveAnti-ribosomal-phosphoprotein antibodies (anti-Ribos.P Abs) are detected in 10–45% of NPSLE patients. Intracerebroventricular administration of anti-ribosomal-P Abs induces depression-like behaviour in mice. We aimed to discern the mechanism by which anti-Ribos.P Abs induce behavioural changes in mice.MethodsAnti-Ribos.P Abs were exposed to human and rat neuronal cell cultures, as well as to human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures for a control. The cellular localization of anti-Ribo.P Abs was found by an immunofluorescent technique using a confocal microscope. Identification of the target molecules was undertaken using a cDNA library. Immunohistochemistry and an inhibition assay were carried out to confirm the identity of the target molecules. Neuronal cell proliferation was measured by bromodeoxyuridine, and Akt and Erk expression by immunoblot.ResultsHuman anti-Ribos.P Abs penetrated into human neuronal cells and rat hippocampal cell cultures in vitro, but not to endothelial cells as examined. Screening a high-content human cDNA-library with anti-Ribos.P Abs identified neuronal growth–associated protein (GAP43) as a target for anti-Ribos.P Abs. Ex vivo anti-Ribos.P Abs bind to mouse brain sections of hippocampus, dentate and amygdala. Anti-Ribos.P Abs brain-binding was prevented by GAP43 protein. Interestingly, GAP43 inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the anti-Ribos.P Abs binding to recombinant-ribosomal-P0, indicating mimicry between the ribosomal-P0 protein and GAP43. Furthermore, anti-Ribos.P Abs reduced neuronal cell proliferation activity in vitro (P &lt; 0.001), whereas GAP43 decreased this inhibitory activity by a factor of 7.6. The last was related to Akt and Erk dephosphorylation.ConclusionAnti-Ribos.P Abs penetrate neuronal cells in vitro by targeting GAP43. Anti -Ribos.P Abs inhibit neuronal-cell proliferation via inhibition of Akt and Erk. Our data contribute to deciphering the mechanism for anti-Ribos.P Abs’ pathogenic activity in NPSLE.
The diversification of begomovirus populations is predominantly driven by mutational dynamics
Authors: Lima Alison T. M. , Silva José C. F. , Silva Fábio N. , Castillo-Urquiza Gloria P. , Silva Fabyano F. , Seah Yee M. , Mizubuti Eduardo S. G. , Duffy Siobain , Zerbini F. Murilo 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Begomoviruses (single-stranded DNA plant viruses) are responsible for serious agricultural threats. Begomovirus populations exhibit a high degree of within-host genetic variation and evolve as quickly as RNA viruses. Although the recombination-prone nature of begomoviruses has been extensively demonstrated, the relative contribution of recombination and mutation to the genetic variation of begomovirus populations has not been assessed. We estimated the genetic variability of begomovirus datasets from around the world. An uneven distribution of genetic variation across the length of the cp and rep genes due to recombination was evident from our analyses. To estimate the relative contributions of recombination and mutation to the genetic variability of begomoviruses, we mapped all substitutions over maximum likelihood trees and counted the number of substitutions on branches which were associated with recombination (ηr) and mutation (ημ). In addition, we also estimated the per generation relative rates of both evolutionary mechanisms (r/μ) to express how frequently begomovirus genomes are affected by recombination relative to mutation. We observed that the composition of genetic variation in all begomovirus datasets was dominated by mutation. Additionally, the low correlation between the estimates indicated that the relative contributions of recombination and mutation are not necessarily a function of their relative rates. Our results show that, although a considerable fraction of the genetic variation levels could be assigned to recombination, it was always lower than that due to mutation, indicating that the diversification of begomovirus populations is predominantly driven by mutational dynamics.
Programmed Intermittent Epidural Boluses for Maintenance of Labor Analgesia: An Impact Study
Authors: McKenzie C.P. , Cobb B. , Riley E.T. , Carvalho B. 
Published: February 2017

(IJOA. 2016;26:32–38)
Maintenance of epidural labor analgesia has evolved from manual boluses to continuous infusions to patient-controlled boluses. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) in the presence or absence of a background continuous epidural infusion (CEI) is a common technique for providing labor analgesia. Programmed intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) is an automated technique that provides fixed boluses of local anesthetic with or without opioid at scheduled intervals. It can be used as an alternative to CEI alone or CEI with PCEA. This current study aimed to compare PIEB+PCEA administration to CEI+PCEA administration for labor analgesia. The hypothesis was that PIEB would reduce the number of patients requiring clinician boluses compared to CEI.
US Term Stillbirth Rates and the 39-Week Rule: A Cause for Concern?
Authors: Nicholson James M. , Kellar Lisa C. , Ahmad Shahla , Abid Ayesha , Woloski Jason , Hewamudalige Nadine , Henning George F. , Lauring Julianne R. , Ural Serdar H. , Yaklic Jerome L. 
Published: February 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214(5):621.e1–621.e9)
The restriction of the use of “elective” delivery before 39 weeks 0 days of gestation, known as “the 39-week rule” or “the Rule,” was mandated in 2010 in the United States. The Rule was applicable to both labor induction and prelabor cesarean delivery, and was developed as higher rates of adverse childbirth outcomes, including infant morbidity and mortality, subsequent to deliveries that occurred before 39 weeks 0 days of gestation had been reported. However, the prospective risk of term stillbirth was known to increase as a function of increasing gestational age, and hence it was speculated that the Rule might increase the overall rate of term stillbirth. This study aimed to determine whether the term stillbirth rate increased during the 7-year period that the 39-week rule was adopted. The number of live births and the number of stillbirths that occurred within each week of gestational age at and further than 37 weeks were obtained from the state health departments for the years 2007 to 2013. The patterns of the timing of term childbirth and term stillbirth were determined as a function of calendar year and gestational age for each state and for the United States overall. The number needed to treat, which represented the number of women who would need to have an early-term delivery without an accepted indication to prevent one term stillbirth, was estimated based on the change in the proportion of deliveries that occurred before the 39th week of gestation in 2013 compared with 2007, and by the estimated change in the incidence of term stillbirth that occurred in 2013 compared with 2007.
Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity: Continuing Professional Development
Authors: El-Boghdadly Kariem , Chin Ki Jinn 
Published: February 2017

(Can J Anaesth. 2016;63(3):330–349)
Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is a life-threatening complication that must be considered whenever local anesthetic is administered. Research has shown that with the use of ultrasound guidance and the development of new techniques, such as tissue plane blocks and local infiltration analgesia, the incidence of LAST is relative rare.
Twin Birth Study: 2-Year Neurodevelopmental Follow-up of the Randomized Trial of Planned Cesarean or Planned Vaginal Delivery for Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Asztalos Elizabeth V. , Hannah Mary E. , Hutton Eileen K. , Willan Andrew R. , Allen Alexander C. , Armson B. Anthony , Gafni Amiram , Joseph K.S. , Ohlsson Arne , Ross Susan , Sanchez J. Johanna , Mangoff Kathryn , Barrett Jon F.R. 
Published: February 2017

(Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:371.e1–371.e19)
Twin pregnancies occur more often and present with complications in 2% to 3% of all deliveries. Earlier studies reporting reduced risk of adverse perinatal outcomes for one or both twins when delivered by elective cesarean delivery has led to increased rates of elective cesarean delivery. The Twin Birth Study, a randomized controlled trial, enrolled women with twin pregnancies to planned cesarean or planned vaginal deliveries. Primary analysis revealed that cesarean delivery did not alter the risk of fetal or neonatal death as compared to vaginal delivery. The secondary outcome was a combination of death or neurodevelopmental delay of the children at 2 years of age. This study presented the 2-year outcomes of the children in the Twin Birth Study.
Accidental Dural Puncture and Postdural Puncture Headache: What Are Our Options?
Authors: Van de Velde M. 
Published: February 2017

(Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2016;41(2):121–122)
Accidental dural puncture (ADP) and consequent postdural puncture headache (PDPH) in obstetric patients are a cause for concern as the latter is associated with mortality and morbidity.
Trial of Labor in Twin Pregnancies: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: de Castro H. , Haas J. , Schiff E. , Sivan E. , Yinon Y. , Barzilaya E. 
Published: February 2017

(BJOG. 2016;123:940–945)
Retrospective studies on vaginal deliveries for twin pregnancies have reported greater fetal risk, primarily for the second twin, than cesarean deliveries. The Twin Birth Study was a recent prospective, randomized study that assigned women to planned vaginal or cesarean delivery. It assessed the success rate and safety of vaginal delivery compared with cesarean delivery among a total of 2804 twin pregnancies. This study found that both delivery modes were equally safe; however, 43.8% of women in the planned vaginal delivery group ultimately delivered by cesarean section. The current investigators analyzed the success rate of trial of labor for twin pregnancies at their tertiary care medical center in Israel.
Invasive Therapies for Primary Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Population-based Study in France
Authors: Kayem G. , Dupont C. , Bouvier-Colle M.H. , Rudigoz R.C. , Deneux-Tharaux C. 
Published: February 2017

(BJOG. 2016;123:598–605)
Despite continuing improvements in obstetric practice, hemorrhage remains a major cause of maternal mortality even in developed countries.
Induction of Labour at Term With Oral Misoprostol Versus a Foley Catheter (PROBAAT-II): A Multicentre Randomized Controlled Noninferiority Trial
Authors: Ten Eikelder Mieke L.G. , Rengerink Katrien O. , Jozwiak Marta , de Leeuw Jan W. , de Graaf Irene M. , van Pampus Mariëlle G. , Holswilder Marloes , Oudijk Martijn A. , van Baaren Gert-Jan , Pernet Paula J.M. , Bax Caroline , van Unnik Gijs A. , Martens Gratia , Porath Martina , van Vliet Huib , Rijnders Robbert J.P. , Feitsma A.H. , Roumen Frans J.M.E. , van Loon Aren J. , Versendaal Hans , Weinans Martin J.N. , Woiski Mallory , van Beek Erik , Hermsen Brenda , Mol Ben Willem , Bloemenkamp Kitty W.M. 
Published: February 2017

(Lancet. 2016;387:1619–1628)
When conditions pose a threat to mother or baby, obstetric interventions, including induction of labor, are required.
Judicious Use of Oxytocin Augmentation for the Management of Prolonged Labor
Authors: Rossen Janne , Østborg Tilde B. , Lindtjørn Elsa , Schulz Jørn , Eggebø Torbjørn M. 
Published: February 2017

(Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2016;95(3):355–361)
The use of oxytocin plays an important role in the management of labor.
The Impact of Gestational Age and Fetal Weight on the Risk of Failure of Spinal Anesthesia for Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Adesope O.A. , Einhorn L.M. , Olufolabi A.J. , Cooter M. , Habib A.S. 
Published: February 2017

(IJOA. 2016;26:8–14)
The spread of spinal anesthesia may be increased during pregnancy, and hence pregnant women are considered to need a smaller dose of local anesthetic than nonpregnant women to achieve the same spinal block level. Data on spinal dosing for preterm (<37 wk of gestation) versus term (≥37 wk of gestation) parturients is limited. One earlier study found that standard doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine used for cesarean delivery failed to provide as high of a spinal block in women with preterm gestations compared to women at term. The aim of this study was to investigate the hypothesis that preterm gestation was associated with an increased risk of failed spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery when compared with term gestation.
Effect of Preoperative Pregabalin on Postcaesarean Delivery Analgesia: A Dose-response Study
Authors: El Kenany S. , El Tahan M.R. 
Published: February 2017

(IJOA. 2016;26:24–31)
Analgesia after cesarean delivery is especially important to promote early mobilization, thereby allowing the mother to care for her infant.
Expecting the Unexpected: Perspectives on Stillbirth and Late Termination of Pregnancy for Fetal Anomalies
Authors: DiMiceli-Zsigmond Mary , Williams Amanda K. , Richardson Michael G. 
Published: February 2017

(Anesth Analg. 2015;121:457–464)
Stillbirth or diagnosis of a life-limiting fetal anomaly is often a traumatic experience for mothers (6 and 3 in 1000 mothers, respectively), who may experience “insufferably hard” or “emotionally straining” peripartum periods. In these cases, there is a need for the obstetric anesthesiologist to deliver empathic, supportive care that promotes the psychological recovery of the patient. In this article, the authors described 2 relevant cases and reviewed the important issues surrounding stillbirth and late termination of pregnancies for fetal anomalies.
Zika Virus Infection With Prolonged Maternal Viremia and Fetal Brain Abnormalities
Authors: Driggers R.W. , Ho C.-Y. , Korhonen E.M. , Kuivanen S. , Jääskeläinen A.J. , Smura T. , Rosenberg A. , Hill D.A. , DeBiasi R.L. , Vezina G. , Timofeev J. , Rodriguez F.J. , Levanov L. , Razak J. , Iyengar P. , Hennenfent A. , Kennedy R. , Lanciotti R. , du Plessis A. , Vapalahti O. 
Published: February 2017

(N Engl J Med. 2016;374:2142–2151)
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, is associated with intrauterine or perinatal transmission and increased risk of having a newborn with microcephaly. In the present study, the authors present findings on a case of congenital ZIKV infection in a pregnancy that was terminated at 21 weeks gestation.
Evidence for Transmission of Zika Virus by Platelet Transfusion
Authors: Motta I.J. , Spencer B.R. , Cordeiro da Silva S.G. , Arruda M.B. , Dobbin J.A. , Gonzaga Y.B. , Arcuri I.P. , Tavares R.C. , Atta E.H. , Fernandes R.F. , Costa D.A. , Ribeiro L.J. , Limonte F. , Higa L.M. , Voloch C.M. , Brindeiro R.M. , Tanuri A. , Ferreira O.C. 
Published: February 2017

(N Engl J Med. 2016;375:1101–1103)
In this letter to the editor, the authors discussed a report from Brazil of 2 cases of Zika virus (ZIKV) transmission by blood transfusion.