bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation and dynamic expression of Notch signalling in dental pulp cells after injury in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Ma L. , Wang S. C. , Tong J. , Hu Y. , Zhang Y. Q. , Yu Q. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimTo investigate the expression pattern of Notch signalling in odontoblast‐like cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro, and in injured rat dental pulp in vivo.MethodologyMouse odontoblast‐like cells (MDPC‐23) were exposed to LPS. Expression of Notch‐related genes was detected by real‐time PCR. A rat pulpitis model was established by mechanical injury and LPS plus mechanical injury was followed by the analysis of expression of Notch2 by immunohistochemical staining. One‐way analysis of variance (anova) was performed to examine the effect of differing concentrations of LPS on cell proliferation, and least significant difference test was used for paired comparisons. For independent sample, t‐test was performed to compare the expression of Notch signalling genes between LPS group and control group in vitro.ResultsThe in vitro study revealed the proliferation of MDPC‐23 cells on exposure to 10 ng mL−1 to 1 μg mL−1 LPS. Expression of Notch1 and Notch2 was significantly higher in the LPS group than that in the control group on day 1 and day 3 (P ˂ 0.05). The levels of both Delta1 and Jagged1 were higher in the study group than in the control group on day 3 (P = 0.019 and P = 0.034) and day 5 (P ˂ 0.001 and P = 0.046), respectively. In addition, Hes1 levels were significantly higher in the study group than in the control group on day 5 (P = 0.005). The in vivo study demonstrated positive staining for Notch2, both in the mechanical injury (MI) group and in the LPS plus mechanical injury (LMI) group from day 3 to day 7, which showed very weak or absent staining on day 14, thereby demonstrating the dynamic nature of the change.ConclusionsBoth in vitro and in vivo activation and dynamic expression of Notch signalling in dental pulp cells after injury were found. Notch signalling activation by LPS stimulation or mechanical injury showed a similar pattern in vivo.
Sustainable clothing: challenges, barriers and interventions for encouraging more sustainable consumer behaviour
Authors: Harris Fiona , Roby Helen , Dibb Sally 
Published: November 2015

AbstractResearch with consumers has revealed limited awareness of the sustainability impact of clothing (Goworek et al., 2012). Semi‐structured interviews conducted with a range of experts in sustainable clothing to increase understanding of the challenges for sustainable clothing revealed that a focus on sustainability alone will not drive the necessary changes in consumers’ clothing purchase, care and disposal behaviour for three reasons: (i) clothing sustainability is too complex; (ii) consumers are too diverse in their ethical concerns and (iii) clothing is not an altruistic purchase. The findings identify the challenges that need to be addressed and the associated barriers for sustainable clothing. Interventions targeting consumers, suppliers, buyers and retailers are proposed that encourage more sustainable clothing production, purchase, care and disposal behaviour. These interventions range from normalizing the design of sustainable clothing and increasing the ease of purchase, to shifting clothes washing norms and increasing upcycling, recycling and repair.
The sibling effect on the consumption of phone services
Authors: Migheli Matteo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe peer effect is a relevant issue in studies on consumption habits and consumers’ behaviour. Indeed, the extant literature shows that peers and siblings affect individual decisions and choices, as people generally follow peers’ and siblings’ examples. In other words, people imitate their peers. Starting from the existing theoretical models and empirical evidence that suggest a relevant impact of peers on one's decisions, this article analyses how the presence and the gender of siblings affects one's consumption of phone services. I consider a sample of 500 European undergraduate students. In order to isolate the peer effect, I restrict the analysis to the use of the phone for talking with friends. The results show highlight a strong sibling effect, whose magnitude and whose sign depend on both the gender of the siblings and on that of the interviewee.
Complementing the inflammasome
Authors: Triantafilou Martha , Hughes Timothy R. , Morgan Bryan Paul , Triantafilou Kathy 
Published: November 2015

SummaryThe innate immune system is an ancient surveillance system able to sense microbial invaders as well as aberrations in normal cell function. No longer viewed as a static and non‐specific part of immunity, the innate immune system employs a plethora of specialized pattern recognition sensors to monitor and achieve homeostasis; these include the Toll‐like receptors, the retinoic acid‐inducible gene‐like receptors, the nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain receptors (NLRs), the C‐type lectins and the complement system. In order to increase specificity and diversity, innate immunity uses homotypic and heterotypic associations among these different components. Multi‐molecular assemblies are formed both on the cell surface and in the cytosol to respond to pathogen and danger signals. Diverse, but tailored, responses to a changing environment are orchestrated depending on the the nature of the challenge and the repertoire of interacting receptors and components available in the sensing cell. It is now emerging that innate immunity operates a system of ‘checks and balances’ where interaction among the sensors is key in maintaining normal cell function. Complement sits at the heart of this alarm system and it is becoming apparent that it is capable of interacting with all the other pathways to effect a tailored immune response. In this review, we will focus on complement interactions with NLRs, the so‐called ‘inflammasomes’, describing the molecular mechanisms that have been revealed so far and discussing the circumstantial evidence that exists for these interactions in disease states.
Cost‐effectiveness analysis of antiviral treatment in the management of seasonal influenza A: point‐of‐care rapid test versus clinical judgment
Authors: Nshimyumukiza Léon , Douville Xavier , Fournier Diane , Duplantie Julie , Daher Rana K. , Charlebois Isabelle , Longtin Jean , Papenburg Jesse , Guay Maryse , Boissinot Maurice , Bergeron Michel G. , Boudreau Denis , Gagné Christian , Rousseau François , Reinharz Daniel 
Published: November 2015

BackgroundA point‐of‐care rapid test (POCRT) may help early and targeted use of antiviral drugs for the management of influenza A infection.Objective(i) To determine whether antiviral treatment based on a POCRT for influenza A is cost‐effective and, (ii) to determine the thresholds of key test parameters (sensitivity, specificity and cost) at which a POCRT based‐strategy appears to be cost effective.MethodsAn hybrid « susceptible, infected, recovered (SIR) » compartmental transmission and Markov decision analytic model was used to simulate the cost‐effectiveness of antiviral treatment based on a POCRT for influenza A in the social perspective. Data input parameters used were retrieved from peer‐review published studies and government databases. The outcome considered was the incremental cost per life‐year saved for one seasonal influenza season.ResultsIn the base‐case analysis, the antiviral treatment based on POCRT saves 2 lives/100 000 person‐years and costs $7600 less than the empirical antiviral treatment based on clinical judgment alone, which demonstrates that the POCRT‐based strategy is dominant. In one and two way‐sensitivity analyses, results were sensitive to the POCRT accuracy and cost, to the vaccination coverage as well as to the prevalence of influenza A. In probabilistic sensitivity analyses, the POCRT strategy is cost‐effective in 66% of cases, for a commonly accepted threshold of $50 000 per life‐year saved.ConclusionThe influenza antiviral treatment based on POCRT could be cost‐effective in specific conditions of performance, price and disease prevalence.
Ecological traits shape genetic diversity patterns across the Mediterranean Sea: a quantitative review on fishes
Authors: Dalongeville Alicia , Andrello Marco , Mouillot David , Albouy Camille , Manel Stéphanie 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAimWe set out to identify the determinants of the variation in genetic diversity among fish species and test whether multi‐species genetic diversity is randomly distributed in space.LocationMediterranean Sea.MethodsWe collected genetic diversity data from 39 published studies on Mediterranean fishes (31 species) along with the spatial coordinates of the sampling sites. We focused on microsatellite heterozygosity (151 data points) and mitochondrial haplotype diversity (201 data points). We used linear regressions to link genetic diversity and 11 ecological traits. We also tested for spatial autocorrelation and trends in the residuals.ResultsAmong‐species variation in microsatellite heterozygosity was explained by three ecological traits: vertical distribution, migration type and body length. Variation in mitochondrial haplotype diversity was also explained by vertical distribution and migration type, and by reproductive strategy (semelparity). However, vertical distribution and migration type showed opposite effects on microsatellites and mitochondrial diversity. After accounting for the effects of ecological traits, no spatial pattern was detected, except for one of the species considered.Main conclusionsEcological factors explain an important proportion of the among‐species genetic diversity. These results suggest that life history strategies of the species influence the variation of microsatellite diversity indirectly through their effect on effective population size, while the spatial variations of genetic diversity seem to be too complex to be identified in our analysis. We found very different effects of traits on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA diversity, which can be explained by the specificities of mitochondrial DNA (absence of recombination, maternal inheritance and non‐neutrality).
Increased visceral adiposity with normal weight is associated with the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Bouchi Ryotaro , Takeuchi Takato , Akihisa Momoko , Ohara Norihiko , Nakano Yujiro , Nishitani Rie , Murakami Masanori , Fukuda Tatsuya , Fujita Masamichi , Minami Isao , Mihara Masatomo , Yoshimoto Takanobu , Ogawa Yoshihiro 
Published: November 2015

AbstractAims/IntroductionTo investigate the impact of increased visceral adiposity with normal weight (OB[−]VA[+]) on the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.Materials and MethodsThis was a cross‐sectional study of 140 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (mean age 65 ± 11 year; 44.6% women). Visceral fat area (VFA; cm2) and liver attenuation index (LAI) were assessed by abdominal computed tomography. The patients were divided into four groups by VFA and body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) as follows: BMI <25 kg/m2 and VFA <100 cm2 (OB[−]VA[−]), BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and VFA <100 cm2 (OB[+]VA[−]), BMI <25 kg/m2 and VFA ≥100 cm2 (OB[−]VA[+]), and BMI ≥25 kg/m2 and VFA ≥100 cm2 (OB[+]VA[+]). Multivariate linear regression and logistic regression analysis were carried out to determine the impact of OB(−)VA(+) on LAI.ResultsIn the present study, 25.0% were OB(−)VA(+) patients, where the LAI levels were lower (1.09 ± 0.22) than those in OB(−)VA(−) patients (1.23 ± 0.15), and were equivalent to those in OB(+)VA(+) patients (1.03 ± 0.26). In multivariate linear regression analysis, OB(−)VA(+) was independently associated with LAI (standardized β−0.212, P = 0.014). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, OB(−)VA(+) was a significant predictor of LAI <0.9 (odds ratio 5.88, 95% confidence interval 1.03−33.52, P = 0.046).ConclusionsThe present study provides evidence that increased visceral adiposity with normal weight is a strong predictor for the prevalence of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Reconstruction method as an independent risk factor for the postoperative decrease in hemoglobin in stage I gastric cancer
Authors: Imamura Taisuke , Komatsu Shuhei , Ichikawa Daisuke , Kosuga Toshiyuki , Okamoto Kazuma , Konishi Hirotaka , Shiozaki Atsushi , Fujiwara Hitoshi , Otsuji Eigo 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:No study has compared the incidence of postoperative anemia between two reconstruction methods, Billroth‐I (B‐I) and Roux‐en‐Y (R‐Y) reconstructions, after distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer (GC). In this study, we wished to examine the postoperative decrease in hemoglobin (Hb) as an indicator of iron‐deficiency anemia.Methods:We investigated a total of 119 consecutive patients who underwent distal gastrectomy with B‐I or R‐Y reconstruction for Stage I GC between 2006 and 2012. We retrospectively assessed the clinical data, including Hb results, of the first 2 years after surgery.Results:Compared with B‐I reconstruction, R‐Y reconstruction was performed more frequently in older patients (P = 0.017), and it was associated with a longer surgical duration (P < 0.001), a larger amount of blood loss (P = 0.031), a higher incidence of stasis (P = 0.044), and a greater decrease in Hb for the first 2 years after surgery. Univariate and multivariate analyses identified that R‐Y reconstruction was the only risk factor (P = 0.0487; odds ratio = 2.755; 95% confidence interval = 1.01–7.91) for a decrease in Hb, independent of age, tumor location, postoperative complications, and other factors. In addition, an age ≥ 75 was identified as an independent risk factor for a decrease in Hb, particularly for patients underwent R‐Y reconstruction (P = 0.033; odds ratio = 6.99; 95% confidence interval = 1.15–68.3) according to the multivariate analysis.Conclusions:Billroth‐I reconstruction might be preferable for the purpose of preventing a decrease in Hb in stage I GC patients, particularly in older patients.
Elevated H2O2 levels in trinitrobenzene sulfate‐induced colitis rats contributes to visceral hyperalgesia through interaction with the transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 cation channel
Authors: Kogure Yoko , Wang Shenglan , Tanaka Koh‐ichi , Hao Yongbiao , Yamamoto Satoshi , Nishiyama Nobuyoshi , Noguchi Koichi , Dai Yi 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with chronic abdominal pain. Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a well‐known pain sensor expressed in primary sensory neurons. Recent studies indicate that reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) may activate TRPA1.Methods:Colonic inflammation was induced by intra‐colonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfate (TNBS) in adult male Sprague–Dawley rats. Visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention (CRD) was recorded to evaluate the visceral hyperalgesia. Rats were sacrificed 1 day after treatment with saline or TNBS; colonic tissues from the inflamed region were removed and then processed to assess the H2O2 content. H2O2 scavenger N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine or a TRPA1 antagonist, HC‐030031, was intravenously administrated to the TNBS‐treated rats or saline‐treated rats. In a parallel experiment, intra‐colonic H2O2‐induced visceral hyperalgesia in naïve rats and the effect of intravenous HC‐030031 were measured based on the VMR to CRD.Results:Trinitrobenzene sulfate treatment resulted in significant increase in VMR to CRD at day 1. The H2O2 content in the inflamed region of the colon in TNBS‐treated rats was significantly higher than that of saline‐treated rats. N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine or HC‐030031 significantly suppressed the enhanced VMR in TNBS‐treated rats while saline‐treated rats remained unaffected. Moreover, blockade of TRPA1 activation by HC‐030031 significantly reversed the exogenous H2O2‐induced visceral hyperalgesia.Conclusion:These results suggest that H2O2 content of the colonic tissue is increased in the early stage of TNBS‐induced colitis. The increased H2O2 content may contribute to the visceral hyperalgesia by activating TRPA1.
Statin pretreatment inhibits the lipopolysaccharide‐induced epithelial‐mesenchymal transition via the downregulation of toll‐like receptor 4 and nuclear factor‐κB in human biliary epithelial cells
Authors: Kim Yangmi , Lee Eun Jeoung , Jang Hee Kyung , Kim Chan Hyung , Kim Dae‐Ghon , Han Joung‐Ho , Park Seon Mee 
Published: November 2015

AbstractBackground and Aim:Epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of biliary epithelial cells (BECs) plays an important role in biliary fibrosis. This study investigated the effects of simvastatin on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced EMT and related signal pathways in BECs.Methods:Biliary epithelial cells were exposed to LPS (2 µg/mL) or transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) (5 ng/mL) for 5 days. The EMT was assessed by a gain of mesenchymal cell markers (vimentin, N‐cadherin, slug, and Twist‐1) and a loss of epithelial cell markers (E‐cadherin). The effects of simvastatin on the EMT induced by LPS or TGF‐β1 were determined by the changes in the levels of EMT markers and TLR4 and in the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK), p38, and nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling pathways.Results:Compared with the BECs treated with LPS alone, co‐treatment with simvastatin and LPS induced an increase in the expression of E‐cadherin and decreases in the expression levels of mesenchymal cell markers. The LPS‐induced TLR4 expression level was slightly decreased by co‐treatment with simvastatin. LPS‐induced BEC growth was markedly inhibited by co‐treatment with simvastatin. Furthermore, pretreatment with simvastatin inhibited the LPS‐induced EMT in BECs by downregulating NF‐κB and JNK phosphorylation. The suppressive effects of simvastatin pretreatment on the induction of the EMT by TGF‐β1 were also demonstrated in H69 cells.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that LPS or TGF‐β1 promote the EMT in BECs that that pretreatment with simvastatin inhibited the induced EMT by downregulating toll‐like receptor 4 and NF‐κB phosphorylation. This finding suggests that simvastatin can be considered a new agent for preventing biliary fibrosis associated with the EMT of BECs.
Morphology and function of the palatal dentition in Choristodera
Authors: Matsumoto Ryoko , Evans Susan E. 
Published: November 2015

AbstractChoristoderes are a group of extinct freshwater reptiles that were distributed throughout Laurasia from the Middle Jurassic to the Miocene. They are inferred to have had a lifestyle similar to that of extant gavialid crocodiles, but they differed from crocodiles in retaining an extensive palatal dentition. All choristoderes had teeth on the vomers, palatines and pterygoids, and teeth are rarely present on the parasphenoid. Palatal teeth are conical, as in the marginal dentition, and form longitudinal and transverse rows. Detailed examination of different genera shows that the orientation of the palatal tooth crowns changes with their position on the palate, supporting the view that they are involved in intra‐oral food transportation, presumably in combination with a fleshy tongue. Moreover, observed variation in palatal tooth shape and the width of palatal tooth batteries may provide additional clues about diet. The European Simoedosaurus lemoinei has sharper palatal teeth than its North American counterpart, S. dakotensis, suggesting a preference for softer prey – a conclusion consistent with the more gracile teeth and narrower snout.
Effects of Information Technology Capabilities on Strategic Alliances: Implications for the Resource‐Based View
Authors: Lioukas Constantinos S. , Reuer Jeffrey J. , Zollo Maurizio 
Published: November 2015

ABSTRACTThis paper adopts a contingency approach to the resource‐based view (RBV) of the firm and seeks to establish boundary conditions for the value of certain information technology (IT) capabilities. We first identify inter‐organizational alliances as a specific strategy context in which IT capabilities are particularly valuable. We then consider more detailed boundary conditions that can shape the value of these capabilities within the alliance context. Our study shows that firms with better IT capabilities can derive greater value from an alliance, yet this effect also varies across different types of alliances depending on an individual alliance's characteristics. Specifically, IT capabilities are more valuable for alliances with a non‐equity governance structure, as well as those involving a high degree of interdependence between partners. We highlight the implications of our findings for opportunities to advance the RBV.
The effects of periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid matrix metalloproteinase‐8, interleukin‐6 and prostaglandin E2 levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Kurgan Ş. , Fentoğlu Ö. , Önder C. , Serdar M. , Eser F. , Tatakis D. N. , Günhan M. 
Published: November 2015

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on gingival crevicular fluid levels of matrix metalloproteinase‐8 (MMP‐8), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with periodontal disease.Material and MethodsTwenty‐seven patients with gingivitis and periodontitis with RA, 26 patients with gingivitis and periodontitis that were systemically healthy and 13 periodontally and systemically healthy volunteers (control group) were included in this study. RA activity was assessed by disease activity score test. The clinical periodontal parameters, fasting venous blood and gingival crevicular fluid samples were obtained and gingival crevicular fluid MMP‐8, IL‐6 and PGE2 levels were evaluated at baseline and at 3 mo follow‐up after non‐surgical periodontal treatment.ResultsGingival crevicular fluid MMP‐8, PGE2 and IL‐6 levels were higher in all groups than the control group. Following periodontal therapy, there were significant decreases in gingival crevicular fluid MMP‐8, PGE2 and IL‐6 levels from patients with RA with periodontitis (p < 0.05). Plaque index, gingival index and bleeding on probing were significantly correlated with IL‐6 and PGE2 at baseline and at 3 mo follow‐up after non‐surgical periodontal treatment.ConclusionNon‐surgical periodontal therapy of patients with RA with periodontitis may provide beneficial effects on local inflammatory control via decreases in gingival crevicular fluid MMP‐8, PGE2 and IL‐6 levels.
The Pre‐Raphaelite School: Recent Approaches
Authors: Kilbride Laura 
Published: November 2015

AbstractCriticism of literary Pre‐Raphaelitism has not kept pace with reappraisals of Pre‐Raphaelite visual arts. The assumption of easy translatability between the different idioms of poetry and the visual arts has led to an established canon of Pre‐Raphaelite poets, which may have short‐circuited sustained investigation into Pre‐Raphaelite poetic style. This article considers work published since 2008 by way of three connected challenges facing critics keen to test the appellation “Pre‐Raphaelite”, which I explore under the headings of ambidexterity, brotherhood and style.
Toward a Postsecular Eighteenth Century
Authors: Conway Alison , Harol Corrinne 
Published: November 2015

AbstractThe twenty‐first‐century “turns” to religion, to theology, and to postsecularity have challenged the central tenets of the secularization thesis, even at times proclaiming its end. But scholarship on eighteenth‐century British literature has not taken up – whether to defend or delegitimize secularization as fact or norm – the challenges posed by these developments as often as other fields. This essay discusses why this might be so, and it points to work, and avenues for work, that might prove fruitful in reevaluating the secularization thesis. It argues that eighteenth‐century literary critics should address the concerns and methods of postsecularism and that we have a special role to play in this area of scholarship.