bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Width With Anterior Knee Laxity
Authors: Wang Hsin-Min , Shultz Sandra J. , Schmitz Randy J. 
Published: September 2016

Context: Greater anterior knee laxity (AKL) has been identified as an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk factor. The structural factors that contribute to greater AKL are not fully understood but may include the ACL and bone geometry.
Objective: To determine the relationship of ACL width and femoral notch angle to AKL.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Setting: Controlled laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Twenty recreationally active females (age = 21.2 ± 3.1 years, height = 1.66.1 ± 7.3 cm, mass = 66.5 ± 12.0 kg).
Main Outcome Measure(s): Anterior cruciate ligament width and femoral notch angle were obtained with magnetic resonance imaging of the knee and AKL was assessed. Anterior cruciate ligament width was measured as the width of a line that transected the ACL and was drawn perpendicular to the Blumensaat line. Femoral notch angle was formed by the intersection of the line parallel to the posterior cortex of the femur and the Blumensaat line. Anterior knee laxity was the anterior displacement of the tibia relative to the femur (mm) at 130 N of an applied force. Ten participants' magnetic resonance imaging data were assessed on 2 occasions to establish intratester reliability and precision. Using stepwise backward linear regression, we examined the extent to which ACL width, femoral notch angle, and weight were associated with AKL.
Results: Strong measurement consistency and precision (intraclass correlation coefficient [2,1] ± SEM) were established for ACL width (0.98 ± 0.3 mm) and femoral notch angle (0.97° ± 1.1°). The regression demonstrated that ACL width (5.9 ± 1.4 mm) was negatively associated with AKL (7.2 ± 2.0 mm; R2 = 0.22, P = .04). Femoral notch angle and weight were not retained in the final model.
Conclusions: A narrower ACL was associated with greater AKL. This finding may inform the development of ACL injury-prevention programs that include components designed to increase ACL size or strength (or both). Future authors should establish which other factors contribute to greater AKL in order to best inform injury-prevention efforts.
Changes in Postural Control After a Ball-Kicking Balance Exercise in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Conceição Josilene Souza , Schaefer de Araújo Felipe Gustavo , Santos Gilmar Moraes , Keighley John , dos Santos Marcio Jose 
Published: September 2016

Context: Rehabilitation programs for patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) generally involve balance-perturbation training (BPT). Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs) are the primary strategies used to maintain equilibrium during body perturbations. Little is known, however, about how APAs and CPAs are modified to promote better postural control for individuals with CAI after BPT.
Objective: To investigate the effect of BPT that involves kicking a ball on postural-control strategies in individuals with CAI.
Design: Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Setting: Laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: We randomly assigned 44 volunteers with CAI to either a training group (TG; 11 women, 11 men; age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 173.0 ± 9.8 cm, mass = 72.64 ± 11.98 kg) or control group (CG; 11 women, 11 men; age = 22 ± 3 years, height = 171.0 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 70.00 ± 11.03 kg).
Intervention(s): The TG performed a single 30-minute training session that involved kicking a ball while standing on 1 foot. The CG received no intervention.
Main Outcome Measure(s): The primary outcome was the sum of the integrated electromyographic activity (∑∫EMG) of the lower extremity muscles in the supporting limb that were calculated during typical intervals for APAs and CPAs. A secondary outcome was center-of-pressure displacement during similar intervals.
Results: In the TG after training, the ∑∫EMG decreased in both dorsal and ventral muscles during compensatory adjustment (ie, the time interval that followed lower limb movement). During this interval, muscle activity (∑∫EMG) was less in the TG than in the CG. Consequently, center-of-pressure displacement increased during the task after training.
Conclusions: A single session of ball-kicking BPT promoted changes in postural-control strategies in individuals with CAI. These results should stimulate new and more comprehensive studies to investigate the effect of this and other BPT techniques on postural control in patients with CAI.
A Comparison of 2 Practical Cooling Methods on Cycling Capacity in the Heat
Authors: Cuttell Saul A. , Kiri Victor , Tyler Christopher 
Published: September 2016

Context: Cooling the torso and neck can improve exercise performance and capacity in a hot environment; however, the proposed mechanisms for the improvements often differ.
Objective: To directly compare the effects of cooling the neck and torso region using commercially available devices on exercise capacity in a hot environment (temperature = 35°C ± 0.1°C, relative humidity = 50.1% ± 0.7%).
Design: Crossover study.
Setting: Laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: Eight recreationally active, nonheat-acclimated men (age = 24 ± 4 years, height = 1.82 ± 0.10 m, mass = 80.3 ± 9.7 kg, maximal power output = 240 ± 25 W).
Intervention(s): Three cycling capacity tests at 60% maximal power output to volitional exhaustion: 1 with no cooling (NC), 1 with vest cooling (VC), and 1 with a neck cooling collar (CC).
Main Outcome Measure(s): Time to volitional exhaustion, rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, torso and neck skin temperature, body mass, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion, thermal sensation, and feeling scale were measured.
Results: Participants cycled longer with VC (32.2 ± 9.5 minutes) than NC (27. 6 ± 7.6 minutes; P = .03; d = 0.54) or CC (30.0 ± 8.8 minutes; P = .02; d = 0.24). We observed no difference between NC and CC (P = .12; d = 0.31). Neck and torso temperature and perceived thermal sensation were reduced with the use of cooling modalities (P &lt; .001), but no other variables were affected.
Conclusions: Cycling capacity in the heat improved when participants used a commercially available cooling vest, but we observed no benefit from wearing a commercially available CC. The vest and the collar did not alter the heart rate, rectal temperature, skin temperature, or sweat-loss responses to the cycling bout.
Use of Cold-Water Immersion to Reduce Muscle Damage and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness and Preserve Muscle Power in Jiu-Jitsu Athletes
Authors: Fonseca Líllian Beatriz , Brito Ciro J. , Silva Roberto Jerônimo S. , Silva-Grigoletto Marzo Edir , da Silva Walderi Monteiro , Franchini Emerson 
Published: September 2016

Context: Cold-water immersion (CWI) has been applied widely as a recovery method, but little evidence is available to support its effectiveness.
Objective: To investigate the effects of CWI on muscle damage, perceived muscle soreness, and muscle power recovery of the upper and lower limbs after jiu-jitsu training.
Design: Crossover study.
Setting: Laboratory and field.
Patients or Other Participants: A total of 8 highly trained male athletes (age = 24.0 ± 3.6 years, mass = 78.4 ± 2.4 kg, percentage of body fat = 13.1% ± 3.6%) completed all study phases.
Intervention(s): We randomly selected half of the sample for recovery using CWI (6.0°C ± 0.5°C) for 19 minutes; the other participants were allocated to the control condition (passive recovery). Treatments were reversed in the second session (after 1 week).
Main Outcome Measure(s): We measured serum levels of creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase enzymes; perceived muscle soreness; and recovery through visual analogue scales and muscle power of the upper and lower limbs at pretraining, postrecovery, 24 hours, and 48 hours.
Results: Athletes who underwent CWI showed better posttraining recovery measures because circulating LDH levels were lower at 24 hours postrecovery in the CWI condition (441.9 ± 81.4 IU/L) than in the control condition (493.6 ± 97.4 IU/L; P = .03). Estimated muscle power was higher in the CWI than in the control condition for both upper limbs (757.9 ± 125.1 W versus 695.9 ± 56.1 W) and lower limbs (53.7 ± 3.7 cm versus 35.5 ± 8.2 cm; both P values = .001). In addition, we observed less perceived muscle soreness (1.5 ± 1.1 arbitrary units [au] versus 3.1 ± 1.0 au; P = .004) and higher perceived recovery (8.8 ± 1.9 au versus 6.9 ± 1.7 au; P = .005) in the CWI than in the control condition at 24 hours postrecovery.
Conclusions: Use of CWI can be beneficial to jiu-jitsu athletes because it reduces circulating LDH levels, results in less perceived muscle soreness, and helps muscle power recovery at 24 hours postrecovery.
Localized Ankle Fatigue Development and Fatigue Perception in Adults With or Without Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Webster Courtney A. , Nussbaum Maury A. 
Published: September 2016

Context: Fatigue could contribute to ankle-sprain injuries during sport, particularly for individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI).
Objective: To examine whether adults with or without CAI develop fatigue at similar rates when performing ankle exercises at the same relative effort level and whether these groups differ in their subjective perceptions of fatigue.
Design: Controlled laboratory study.
Setting: Biomechanics research laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants: A total of 11 volunteers with CAI (1 man, 10 women; age = 23.5 ± 3.0 years, height = 168.0 ± 11.2 cm, mass = 64.3 ± 13.5 kg) were recruited for the unstable-ankle group, and 11 volunteers matched for age, height, mass, and sex (1 man, 10 women; age = 24.1 ± 2.1 years, height = 169.5 ± 9.7 cm, mass = 62.3 ± 9.7 kg) were recruited as control participants.
Intervention(s): Localized muscle fatigue (LMF) was induced in the ankle of the dominant limb using a custom fatigue protocol. Plantar-flexion and dorsiflexion exertions were completed at a rate of 12 cycles per minute at isotonic loads equal to 70% and 30%, respectively, of individual maximal voluntary isometric strength. Intermittent measures of maximal voluntary isometric strength and ratings of perceived exertion (RPEs) were obtained.
Main Outcome Measure(s): We compared isometric-strength measures and RPE scores at each observation time (prefatigue and at 4, 8, 12, and 16 minutes into the fatigue protocol) and the group correlations between changes in strength and changes in RPE scores.
Results: Based on ankle-strength measures, the 2 test groups developed LMF at similar rates when exercising at equivalent levels of relative effort. The 2 groups also reported similar levels of discomfort as fatigue progressed.
Conclusions: The rate of LMF development at the ankle and the associated perception of fatigue did not differ between adults with or without CAI.
Barriers to the Role of the Head Athletic Trainer for Women in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III Settings
Authors: Mazerolle Stephanie M. , Eason Christianne M. 
Published: September 2016

Context: Very few women assume the role of head athletic trainer (AT). Reasons for this disparity include discrimination, motherhood, and a lack of interest in the position. However, data suggest that more women seek the head AT position in National Collegiate Athletic Association Division II and III settings.Objective: To examine the barriers female ATs face as they transition to the role of head AT.Design: Qualitative study.Setting: Divisions II and III.Patients or Other Participants: In total, 77 female ATs participated in our study. Our participants (38 ± 9 years old) were employed as head ATs at the Division II or III level.Data Collection and Analysis: We conducted online interviews with all participants. They journaled their reflections to a series of open-ended questions pertaining to their experiences as head ATs. Data were analyzed following a general inductive approach. Credibility was secured by peer review and researcher triangulation.Results: Organizational and personal factors emerged as the 2 major themes that described challenges for women assuming the role of the head AT. Organizational barriers were defined by gender stereotyping and the “good old boys” network. Personal influences included a lack of leadership aspirations, motherhood and family, and a lack of mentors.Conclusions: Female ATs working in Divisions II or III experienced similar barriers to assuming the role of the head AT as those working in the Division I setting. Stereotyping still exists within collegiate athletics, which limits the number of women in higher-ranking positions; however, a lack of desire to assume a higher position and the desire to balance work and home inhibit some women from moving up.
Characteristics of Athletic Training Students That Preceptors Find Desirable
Authors: Carr W. David , Thomas Spencer , Paulsen Jenica , Chiu Jennifer 
Published: September 2016

Context: Athletic training students acquire clinical hours under the direct supervision of athletic training preceptors.
Objective: The purpose of this project was to explore what characteristics preceptors desire in their athletic training students.
Design and Setting: Online survey instrument.
Patients or Other Participants: A total of 286 certified athletic trainers (128 male, 158 female; average years experience 10.58 ± 8.48). Participants were required to be current preceptors and have 1 or more years of preceptor experience.
Main Outcome Measure(s): An instrument of 21 questions, including 7 demographics, 13 Likert-scale (1 = not important; 10 = strongly important), and 1 rank order item was developed. Validity of the instrument was established by a review of experts. An analysis of internal consistency revealed an α of .834. Data was analyzed with SPSS (version 20.0; IBM Inc, Chicago, IL). Basic descriptive statistics were calculated, and an analysis of variance was conducted to determine differences.
Results: Top 3 characteristics seen amongst all settings were initiative (mean = 9.091 ± 1.166), communication skills (mean = 8.769 ± 1.241), and intelligence (mean = 8.723 ± 1.247). Gender differences were observed in 4 of the 13 characteristics.
Conclusions: Findings demonstrated initiative, communication skills, and intelligence to be perceived as the most important athletic training student characteristics. These findings differ with previous literature and the preliminary focus group findings, where emotional intelligence and communication skills were reported to be of greater importance.
Validation of the Quantitative Diagnostic Thinking Inventory for Athletic Training: A Pilot Study
Authors: Kicklighter Taz , Barnum Mary , Geisler Paul R. , Martin Malissa 
Published: September 2016

Context: The cognitive process of making a clinical decision lies somewhere on a continuum between novices using hypothetico-deductive reasoning and experts relying more on case pattern recognition. Although several methods exist for measuring facets of clinical reasoning in specific situations, none have been experimentally applied, as of yet, to the profession of athletic training. The Diagnostic Thinking Inventory (DTI) has been used with medical doctors and medical students to determine their level of clinical reasoning as it applies to diagnosis making.Objective: To validate the DTI for Athletic Training (DTI-AT) and associated interview questions for use in the field of athletic training.Design: Mixed methodology.Setting: Online inventory and Skype-based interviews.Patients or Other Participants: Convenience sample of 25 senior-level athletic training students.Main Outcome Measure(s): Participants completed an online version of the DTI-AT which rated clinical reasoning tendencies on a 6-point Likert-type scale. Quantitative analysis consisted of determining means and ranges of scores along with reliability of total scores and subset scores. Randomly selected participants were interviewed online in order to provide validity of interview questions that were used to determine personal and professional activities that are either thought to enhance or hinder clinical reasoning. A secondary purpose was to solicit specific feedback that may enhance our understanding of the modified DTI.Results: A strong reliability was found for total DTI (r(41) = 0.846) and an acceptable reliability for flexibility in thinking (r(21) = 0.731) and structure of memory (r(20) = 0.771).Conclusions: The modifications of the DTI-AT demonstrated strong reliability and face validity. The DTI-AT may be an effective tool for determining clinical reasoning of athletic training students.
On a Large Time-Stepping Method for the Swift-Hohenberg Equation
Authors: Zhang Zhengru , Ma Yuanzi 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe main purpose of this work is to contrast and analyze a large time-stepping numerical method for the Swift-Hohenberg (SH) equation. This model requires very large time simulation to reach steady state, so developing a large time step algorithm becomes necessary to improve the computational efficiency. In this paper, a semi-implicit Euler schemes in time is adopted. An extra artificial term is added to the discretized system in order to preserve the energy stability unconditionally. The stability property is proved rigorously based on an energy approach. Numerical experiments are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the large time-stepping approaches by comparing with the classical scheme.
Restricted Additive Schwarz Preconditioner for Elliptic Equations with Jump Coefficients
Authors: Liu Zhiyong , He Yinnian 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis paper provides a proof of robustness of the restricted additive Schwarz preconditioner with harmonic overlap (RASHO) for the second order elliptic problems with jump coefficients. By analyzing the eigenvalue distribution of the RASHO preconditioner, we prove that the convergence rate of preconditioned conjugate gradient method with RASHO preconditioner is uniform with respect to the large jump and meshsize.
New Non-Travelling Wave Solutions of Calogero Equation
Authors: Peng Xiaoming , Shang Yadong , Zheng Xiaoxiao 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, the idea of a combination of variable separation approach and the extended homoclinic test approach is proposed to seek non-travelling wave solutions of Calogero equation. The equation is reduced to some (1+1)-dimensional nonlinear equations by applying the variable separation approach and solves reduced equations with the extended homoclinic test technique. Based on this idea and with the aid of symbolic computation, some new explicit solutions can be obtained.
Toward Cost-Effective Reservoir Simulation Solvers on GPUs
Authors: Li Zheng , Wu Shuhong , Xu Jinchao , Zhang Chensong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on graphical processing unit (GPU) and discuss how its architecture affects the choice of algorithm and implementation of fully-implicit petroleum reservoir simulation. In order to obtain satisfactory performance on new many-core architectures such as GPUs, the simulator developers must know a great deal on the specific hardware and spend a lot of time on fine tuning the code. Porting a large petroleum reservoir simulator to emerging hardware architectures is expensive and risky. We analyze major components of an in-house reservoir simulator and investigate how to port them to GPUs in a cost-effective way. Preliminary numerical experiments show that our GPU-based simulator is robust and effective. More importantly, these numerical results clearly identify the main bottlenecks to obtain ideal speedup on GPUs and possibly other many-core architectures.
A Hybrid Lattice Boltzmann Flux Solver for Simulation of Viscous Compressible Flows
Authors: Yang L. M. , Shu C. , Wu J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a hybrid lattice Boltzmann flux solver (LBFS) is proposed for simulation of viscous compressible flows. In the solver, the finite volume method is applied to solve the Navier-Stokes equations. Different from conventional Navier-Stokes solvers, in this work, the inviscid flux across the cell interface is evaluated by local reconstruction of solution using one-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model, while the viscous flux is still approximated by conventional smooth function approximation. The present work overcomes the two major drawbacks of existing LBFS [28–31], which is used for simulation of inviscid flows. The first one is its ability to simulate viscous flows by including evaluation of viscous flux. The second one is its ability to effectively capture both strong shock waves and thin boundary layers through introduction of a switch function for evaluation of inviscid flux, which takes a value close to zero in the boundary layer and one around the strong shock wave. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the present solver can accurately and effectively simulate hypersonic viscous flows.
Bit Grooming: statistically accurate precision-preserving quantization with compression, evaluated in the netCDF Operators (NCO, v4.4.8+)
Authors: Zender Charles S. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract. Geoscientific models and measurements generate false precision (scientifically meaningless data bits) that wastes storage space. False precision can mislead (by implying noise is signal) and be scientifically pointless, especially for measurements. By contrast, lossy compression can be both economical (save space) and heuristic (clarify data limitations) without compromising the scientific integrity of data. Data quantization can thus be appropriate regardless of whether space limitations are a concern. We introduce, implement, and characterize a new lossy compression scheme suitable for IEEE floating-point data. Our new Bit Grooming algorithm alternately shaves (to zero) and sets (to one) the least significant bits of consecutive values to preserve a desired precision. This is a symmetric, two-sided variant of an algorithm sometimes called Bit Shaving that quantizes values solely by zeroing bits. Our variation eliminates the artificial low bias produced by always zeroing bits, and makes Bit Grooming more suitable for arrays and multi-dimensional fields whose mean statistics are important. Bit Grooming relies on standard lossless compression to achieve the actual reduction in storage space, so we tested Bit Grooming by applying the DEFLATE compression algorithm to bit-groomed and full-precision climate data stored in netCDF3, netCDF4, HDF4, and HDF5 formats. Bit Grooming reduces the storage space required by initially uncompressed and compressed climate data by 25–80 and 5–65 %, respectively, for single-precision values (the most common case for climate data) quantized to retain 1–5 decimal digits of precision. The potential reduction is greater for double-precision datasets. When used aggressively (i.e., preserving only 1–2 digits), Bit Grooming produces storage reductions comparable to other quantization techniques such as Linear Packing. Unlike Linear Packing, whose guaranteed precision rapidly degrades within the relatively narrow dynamic range of values that it can compress, Bit Grooming guarantees the specified precision throughout the full floating-point range. Data quantization by Bit Grooming is irreversible (i.e., lossy) yet transparent, meaning that no extra processing is required by data users/readers. Hence Bit Grooming can easily reduce data storage volume without sacrificing scientific precision or imposing extra burdens on users.