bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A new method to evaluate macaque health using exhaled breath: A case study ofM. tuberculosisin a BSL-3 setting
Authors: Mellors Theodore R. , Blanchet Lionel , Flynn JoAnne L. , Tomko Jaime , O’Malley Melanie , Scanga Charles A. , Lin Philana L. , Hill Jane E. 
Published: January 2017

Breath is hypothesized to contain clinically relevant information, useful for the diagnosis and monitoring of disease, as well as understanding underlying pathogenesis. Nonhuman primates, such as the cynomolgus macaque, serve as an important model for the study of human disease, including over 70 different human infections. In this feasibility study, exhaled breath was successfully collected in less than 5 min under Biosafety Level 3 conditions from five anesthetized, intubated cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, before and after lung infection with M. tuberculosis. The breath was subsequently analyzed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry. A total of 384 macaque breath features were detected, with hydrocarbons being the most abundant. We provide putative identification for 19 breath molecules and report on overlap between the identified macaque breath compounds and those identified in previous human studies.NEW & NOTEWORTHY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time the volatile molecule content of macaque breath has been comprehensively sampled and analyzed. We do so here in a Biosafety Level 3 setting in the context of M. tuberculosis lung infection. The breath of nonhuman primates represents a novel fluid that could provide insight into disease pathogenesis.
Baixada Santista ou Costa da Mata Atlântica? Eis a questão: identificação da percepção do visitante sobre a marca Costa da Mata Atlântica
Authors: Meneguel Cinthia Rolim de Albuquerque , Cordeiro Gabriela Toaiari Rodrigues Farinha , Deus Paola Silva de 
Published: January 2017

A Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista é composta de nove cidades e, como estratégia de marketing, o selo turístico Costa da Mata Atlântica foi criado para identificar mais facilmente a região. A pesquisa, de caráter descritivo e exploratório, teve como objetivo geral identificar o conhecimento do visitante frente à marca Costa da Mata Atlântica, assim como em relação à terminologia usual “Baixada Santista”. Por meio da aplicação de 130 questionários semiestruturados e baseando-se na fundamentação teórica sobre notoriedade de uma marca, identificou-se como resultado que o termo “Baixada Santista” é mais reconhecido entre os visitantes do que a marca Costa da Mata Atlântica. Portanto, ações relacionadas à estratégia de marketing e competitividade turística precisam ser revistas. O estudo objetiva que seus resultados contribuam efetivamente com todos os stakeholders envolvidos com o turismo, possibilitando ações para o reposicionamento da marca turística.
Mário de Andrade e a especificidade do gênero epistolar: o esboço de uma teoria
Authors: Bettiol Maria Regina Barcelos 
Published: January 2017

A correspondência do escritor Mário de Andrade foi a mais representativa do século XX. Mário em seu exercício epistolar ou, melhor dizendo, em sua intermediação entre teoria e práxis, mesmo de forma pouco sistematizada, esboça os contornos de uma teoria sobre o gênero epistolar, discute a especificidade do gênero, o seu trânsito pela esfera do literário e aconselha ainda os jovens escritores brasileiros a começar o seu ingresso no mundo das letras pelo texto epistolar. A concepção de gênero epistolar de Andrade se inscreve numa noção mais ampla que entende o epistolar como um gênerohíbrido propício à eclosão de outras formas literárias devendo, portanto, ser praticado por todos os nossos escritores e pensado igualmente como um gênero de vital importância para compreendermos o processo de formação da Literatura Brasileira.
GENEALOGIA DO PSÍQUICO. ENSAIO SOBRE A TRANSCENDÊNCIA DO EGO – ESBOÇO DE UMA DESCRIÇÃO FENOMENOLÓGICA, DE JEAN-PAUL SARTRE, PRIMEIRA PARTE
Authors: Carrasco Alexandre De Oliveira 
Published: January 2017

O texto em questão apresenta o primeiro esboço de uma pesquisa mais ampla acerca da “Transcendência do Ego”, de J.-P. Sartre. Seu desenvolvimento, ora apresentado, pretende articular o sentido mais geral da fenomenologia de Husserlcom a aclimatação, algo abruta, feita por Sartre, no referido texto, da fenomenologia husserliana. Para isso, há que se levar em conta, parece-nos, tanto os problemas propriamente sartreanos que orientam seus interesses teóricos e a dita aclimatação, quanto os limites propriamente husserlianos para tal.
PARA LER O ESPINOSA-DE-DELEUZE: UMA INTERPRETAÇÃO HISTORIOGRÁFICO-FILOSÓFICA (OU A HISTÓRIA DA FILOSOFIA NOS VOOS DA VASSOURA DA BRUXA)
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme Almeida 
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste artigo é delimitar e restituir, de modo sistemático, os eixos argumentativos decisivos que permitem conceder um grau de coerência interna à célebre interpretação expressiva de Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995) acerca da filosofia de Espinosa. Trata-se, inicialmente, de examinar o quanto a leitura deleuziana de Espinosa retrata um momento peculiar e único das relações que Deleuze, ao longo de pelo menos três décadas, estabeleceu com a história da filosofia. Em seguida, pretendemos demonstrar a partir de quais ordenamentos conceituais – construídos de maneira não-hierárquica, segundo Deleuze – a tese de uma necessidade prática intrínseca ao processo de constituição ontológica na Ética de Espinosa é sustentada dentro do viés de uma filosofia da diferença.
Reverse Cholesterol Transport Is Increased in Germ-Free Mice—Brief Report
Authors: Mistry Rima H. , Verkade Henkjan J. , Tietge Uwe J.F. 
Published: January 2017

Objective—
The intestinal microbiota is emerging as a clinically relevant modulator of atherosclerotic risk. Reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) is an atheroprotective metabolic pathway. How the microbiota impacts RCT has not been investigated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize (cholesterol) metabolism and RCT in germ-free mice compared with conventional mice.

Approach and Results—

In chow-fed germ-free mice, plasma cholesterol was unchanged, whereas liver cholesterol content was higher (1.5-fold;
P
<0.05) than in conventional controls. Biliary secretion of cholesterol (2-fold;
P
<0.001) and bile acids (3-fold;
P
<0.001) was substantially increased in the germ-free model, whereas fecal neutral sterol excretion was unaltered, and fecal bile acid excretion was decreased (
P
<0.01). However, fecal bile acid profiles of germ-free mice were dominated by the presence of β-muricholic acid (
P
<0.001), pointing toward a higher contribution of the alternative acidic pathway to total bile acid synthesis in these mice. As expected, secondary bile acids were absent in the germ-free model. In vivo macrophage-to-feces RCT was increased >2-fold (
P
<0.01) in the absence of intestinal bacteria.

Conclusions—
These data demonstrate that the absence of the intestinal microbiota stimulates RCT >2-fold. Thereby, our results support the importance of intestinal bacteria for metabolic regulation and indicate that specific targeting of the microbiota bears therapeutic potential to prevent and treat cardiovascular disease.
12/15-Lipoxygenase Inhibition or Knockout Reduces Warfarin-Associated Hemorrhagic Transformation After Experimental Stroke
Authors: Liu Yu , Zheng Yi , Karatas Hulya , Wang Xiaoying , Foerch Christian , Lo Eng H. , van Leyen Klaus 
Published: January 2017

Background and Purpose—
For stroke prevention, patients with atrial fibrillation typically receive oral anticoagulation. The commonly used anticoagulant warfarin increases the risk of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) when a stroke occurs; tissue-type plasminogen activator treatment is therefore restricted in these patients. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX) inhibition would reduce HT in warfarin-treated mice subjected to experimental stroke.

Methods—
Warfarin was dosed orally in drinking water, and international normalized ratio values were determined using a Coaguchek device. C57BL6J mice or 12/15-LOX knockout mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with 3 hours severe ischemia (model A) or 2 hours ischemia and tissue-type plasminogen activator infusion (model B), with or without the 12/15-LOX inhibitor ML351. Hemoglobin was determined in brain homogenates, and hemorrhage areas on the brain surface and in brain sections were measured. 12/15-LOX expression was detected by immunohistochemistry.

Results—
Warfarin treatment resulted in reproducible increased international normalized ratio values and significant HT in both models. 12/15-LOX knockout mice suffered less HT after severe ischemia, and ML351 reduced HT in wild-type mice. When normalized to infarct size, ML351 still independently reduced hemorrhage. HT after tissue-type plasminogen activator was similarly reduced by ML351.

Conclusions—
In addition to its benefits in infarct size reduction, 12/15-LOX inhibition also may independently reduce HT in warfarin-treated mice. ML351 should be further evaluated as stroke treatment in anticoagulated patients suffering a stroke, either alone or in conjunction with tissue-type plasminogen activator.
Clinical Benefits of Daflon 500 mg in the Most Severe Stages of Chronic Venous Insufficiency
Authors: Ramelet Albert Adrien 
Published: January 2017

Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) affects a large number of people in Western countries, and is responsible for considerable inconvenience, discomfort, suffering, and costs. Micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF, 450 mg diosmin plus 50 mg hesperidin- Daflon 500 mg) is a potent venotropic drug used in the treatment of venous insufficiency. Pharmacological and clinical studies demonstrated the comprehensive mode of action of Daflon 500 mg: it increases venous tone, it improves lymph drainage, and it protects the microcircu lation. Clinical international, prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled studies versus placebo studies documenting the effects of Daflon 500 mg in CVI at advanced stages with edema, skin changes, and venous leg ulcer are reviewed. In edema, one of the most frequent complaints of patients, Daflon 500 mg brings about a significant reduction in leg circumference, thanks to its capacity to inhibit inflammatory reactions and to decrease capillary hyperper meability. The rationale for the use of Daflon 500 mg for treatment of skin disorders and venous leg ulcer is its action on the microcirculation-damaging processes. Regarding skin changes, Daflon 500 mg has been shown to improve venous trophic disorders, like gravitational (stasis) dermatitis, and dermatofibrosclerosis. In venous leg ulcer, Daflon 500 mg's clinical efficacy has been demonstrated in addition to standard treatment or versus standard treatment alone. Daflon 500 mg, thanks to its comprehensive mode of action on the veins, lymphatics, and microcirculation, is the method of choice not only in the early stages of CVI treatment, but also in the severe stages of this condition, in combination with compression treatment, scle rotherapy, and surgery if appropriate.
Fifteen Years of Experience in Treating 2177 Episodes of Foot and Leg Lesions with the Circulator Boot
Authors: Dillon Richard S. 
Published: January 2017

Objective. To determine the clinical effectiveness of the end-diastolic pneumatic compres sion boot and of local antibiotics in treating limb lesions associated with diabetes and peripheral arterial, venous, and neuropathic disease. Research Design and Methods. Office and hospital data were kept over 15 years on 2177 episodes of leg problems classified by the Wagner method for 1514 legs of 1035 patients largely referred because of failure of standard therapies. The fate of the untreated legs served as a controls when possible. Results. Healing or improvement of treated legs was seen above that in the literature in all Wagner categories and was significant (P < 0.001) compared to the "control" leg, which deteriorated in 38.7% of patients. Significant risk factors against a successful outcome included smoking, inability to walk, increased home distance from the boot center, loss to treatment, hemodialysis, a Wagner 4-5 classification, inoperable iliac occlusions, vascular procedures before or after referral for boot therapy, and an aggres- sive vascular surgeon. Neuropathy allowed successful treatment of lesions nondiabetic patients could not tolerate. Relapse was significantly more frequent in arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) patients with diabetes than without diabetes and in patients with neuropathy than in those with ASO. Diabetes did not affect the relapse rate in stasis disease. The overall percentage of legs having major amputations was low: 2.5% for diabetic legs at the initial treatment episode, 1.6% at the time of a relapse, and 4.1% after seeking treatment elsewhere. For nondiabetic patients, the respective risks were similar: 2.0%, 1.2%, and 2.9%.
Electrocochleography and Auditory Brainstem Electric Responses in Patients with Pontine Angle Tumors
Authors: Eggermont J. J. , Don M. , Brackmann D. E. 
Published: January 2017

In 45 patients with surgically proven pontine angle tumors, compound action potential (AP) and summating potential (SP) were recorded with transtympanic electrocochleography (ECochG) together with brainstem electric responses (BSER). The aims were to quantify the mechanism by which tumors cause hearing loss and to evaluate the diagnostic potentials of ECochG and BSER for detecting eighth nerve and brainstem tumors. Except for AP latency and narrow band AP waveform, response parameters recorded by ECochG are uncor-related. Four uncorrelated parameters were abnormal in only 10% of the cases, three in 25%, two in 40%, and one in 90%. The BSER criterion was the latency delay between waves I and V and resulted in about 90% detection, improving to 95% when used in combination with the interaural wave V delay criterion. ECochG results provide evidence that, for hearing losses up to 60 dB HL, the origin is cochlear, resembling that caused by Menière's disease. Evidence is presented that the increase in I-V delay in the BSERs is caused by differential action of the tumor upon low and high frequency fibers in the auditory nerve and that desynchronization of the firings of the nerve fibers is of more importance than an increase in neural conduction time. ECochG as the sole test for detection of pontine angle tumors appears to be of limited value. Brainstem response on its own has great merits; however, it should be emphasized that no wave I was detected in about 30% of the cases. The 95% detection score obtained with BSER depends on specifying the latency of wave I. For these cases, we substituted the latency of the AP recorded by ECochG.
Computer-Aided and Graphic Reconstruction of the Human Endolymphatic Duct and Sac
Authors: Antunez Juan-Carlos M. , Linthicum Fred H. , Galey Frank R. , McCann Gilbert D. 
Published: January 2017

The anatomy of the human endolymphatic duct system of three cases — one with Menière's syndrome (with no histopathological evidence of endolymphatic hydrops), one with Menière's disease (with histopathological evidence of endolymphatic hydrops), and one with no evidence of disease — has been studied by means of computer-aided and graphic reconstruction from serial sections of temporal bones. The reconstructions have revealed a canalicular arrangement of the epithelial lining of the rugose portion of the human endolymphatic sac. Accordingly, new nomenclature, “pars canalicularis,” is suggested for this portion. The computer produced lateral and medial views of the endolymphatic duct and sac of the patient with Menière's syndrome. The computer also calculated the luminal volume, the surface area of the epithelium, and the surface-to-volume ratio of the rugose portion of the sac. In addition, the authors graphically reconstructed the rugose portion of the sac of all three cases. Measurements of the dimensions of these reconstructions were made, from which the luminal volume was estimated. The reconstructed images and the calculations allowed quantitative comparison of the microscopic anatomy of the rugose portion of the sac in the Menière's syndrome and Menière's disease ears with that in an ear without evidence of disease. Significant differences were found in the volumes of the rugose portion of the sac of the three cases. The results suggest that the luminal volume of the rugose portion of the sac of Menière's disease patients may be significantly reduced. The authors speculate that endolymphatic hydrops may be the result of a loss of epithelial surface area in the canalicular portion, thus diminishing its resorptive function. The computer and graphic reconstruction techniques in conjunction with their analytical capabilities provide a new method for studying inner ear structures. These techniques have the potential to expand the capabilities of quantitative morphology and provide the means for deriving clinically useful data from histopathological and ultrastructural material.
Measurement of Optokinetic Nystagmus for Otoneurological Diagnosis
Authors: Abel Sharon M. , Barber Hugh O. 
Published: January 2017

Optokinetic nystagmus was recorded and measured in 101 subjects comprising six diagnostic categories: 1) normal, screened for otologic disease, 2) chronic unilateral labyrinthectomy, 3) unilateral Menière's disease, 4) neurologically confirmed focal brainstem lesion, 5) brainstem-cerebellar syndrome, and 6) focal unilateral supratentorial lesion. For the OKN test, each subject looked at a translucent screen onto which a field of parallel black and white bars was back-projected. The array of bars could be projected vertically or horizontally to allow for study of nystagmus beating right and left or up and down. The speed of movement of the bars varied over a range from 20 to 140°/sec of visual angle, in each axis for both directions. An analysis of the slow phase velocity of OKN indicated that patients with brainstem disease produced significantly lower eye speeds than did normal subjects or patients with chronic peripheral vestibular disease. The latter groups could not be distinguished. The responses of patients with cortical lesions fell midway between these two extremes and were significantly different from those of the brainstem group. Directional preponderance of nystagmus proved to be significantly related to the side of lesion for both the labyrinthine and cortical groups. However, the absolute value of the difference in slow phase velocity for nystagmus beating toward or away from the side of lesion was no greater than the difference between right and left-beating nystagmus in normal subjects. While the results provide statistical confirmation for the findings of earlier investigations, it is noted that for purposes of clinical diagnosis, the test is of value only in the context of the otoneurological test battery. Distribution of results for individuals in the various groups overlap considerably. The designation of a numerical cutoff for differential diagnosis leads to error rates far in excess of what may be confidently attributed to chance.
Estimating the Mean and Variance of a Normal Distribution from Singly and Doubly Truncated Samples of Grouped Observations
Authors: Swamy P. S. 
Published: January 2017

Summary The maximum likehood estimating equations are derived to estimate the mean and variance of a normal distribution from singly and doubly truncated samples of grouped observations with known truncation points, when the number of unmeasured observations is (1) unknown for each “truncated tail”, (2) known separately for each “trucated tail”, (3) known jointly for the two “truncated tails”. The equations are seen to be easily solvable with the aid of Gjeddebaek's (1949) tables of Z1 and Z2 functions. Asymptotic variance‐covariance matrix of the estimates is obtained in each of the three cases, and an investigation is made into the loss of information due to truncation of the samples. The corresponding results for the singly truncated samples are obtained as special cases of (1) and (2). Practical application of the results has been illustrated by a numerical example.
On the Factorial Approach Multilateral Index Number System Satisfying base Invariance and Consistency
Authors: Banerjee K. S. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: The factorial approach multilateral index number system (FMS), as it is, is not base invariant and consistent. It is indicated in this paper how the FMS can be made to meet these requirements by way of a logarithmic transformation. The transformation leads to new multilateral index number formulae for price and quantity, which are found to be simple in form and which satisfy the basic axioms and the important tests. The new formulae are fully derived and illustrated, and the indices compared with those from some other systems.
Tests for Independence in Two-Way Contingency Tables Based on Canonical Analysis
Authors: Tsai Ming–Tan M. , Sen Pranab Kumar 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: The canonical structure of a two‐way contingency table is emphasized to derive union‐intersection (Ul‐) tests for independence between two categorical variables. In this context, special attention has been paid to the so‐called step‐down procedure (which is a variant of the UI‐procedure Some properties of this procedure and computational algorithms are considered and a sequential way for identifying the adequate model is presented.
Improvement in Stein's Procedure using a Random Confidence Coefficient
Authors: Ghosh J. K. , Mukerjee Rahul 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: With reference to Stein's two‐stage sampling, it is shown that with a suitably chosen random confidence coefficient, depending on second stage variation, one can be closer in the mean square sense to the indicator specifying whether a normal mean lies in a bounded length confidence interval, than the constant confidence coefficient 1‐α. The efficiency of the constant confidence coefficient 1‐α. as a predictor of this indicator, has also been investigated.
Multivariate Stable Distributions, a Natural Generalization of Cauchy Law and some Related Questions
Authors: Ghosh Pankaj 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: A multivariate stable distribution is characterized in terms of the stability of the distributions of all linear compounds of the variables. The multivariate Cauchy law is seen to be stable as well as type 1 unimodal. Some questions on the possible decomposition of the same are raised.
Construction and Combinatorial Problems of Higher Associate Cyclic Pbib Designs
Authors: Adhikary Basudeb , Saha Tapas Kumar 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: Properties of Higher Associate Cyclic (HAC) association scheme and its relation to Generalised Cyclic (GC' n) designs and some other similar designs have been studied, Following results have been established : (i) Associatiun schemes involved in GC/ n designs are HAC (ii) Any HAC scheme having Jess than the maximum possible number of -associate classes can be obtained only by amalgamating a number of associate classes. (iii) GC/1 designs wiih factorial structure (John 1973b) are isomorphic to GC/2 designs. (iv) Some well known association schemes have been shown to be particular cases of HAC association scheme. (v) A method of construction has been discussed.
On the Frequentist Proper Ties of Some Hierarchical Bayes Predictors in Finite Populattion Sampling
Authors: Datta Gouri Sankar , Ghosh Malay 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT: The paper shows that certain hierarchical Bayes (HB) predictors in general mixed linear models “universally” or “stochastically” dominate all linear unbiased predictors. Also, the HB predictors are the best within the class of all equivariant predictors under a certain group of transformations. AMS 1980 Subject Classification: 62F15, 62F10.