bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does organizational politics kill company growth?
Authors: Garbuio Massimo , Lovallo Dan 
Published: October 2017

PurposeWhether an organization’s political behaviour is positively related to its performance has been a long-standing question. Most studies elaborating on this issue, although rich in detail, primarily have been limited to case studies, apart from a niche set of studies in international business. This study aims to explore this question through a survey study of managers and executives from around the world, across a range of industries.Design/methodology/approachThe study explores the link between politics, the ability of a firm to speedily reach the market and its growth rate through a study of 382 executives from across the world. It also investigates alternative explanations of slow speed to market due to power centralization, decision-making layers and conflict.FindingsThe results show that politics – the observable but often covert actions through which executives influence internal decisions – has a direct negative effect on a firm’s ability to reach the market first and on its growth rate. That is, not only is politics time-consuming but it may also have a detrimental impact on the selection of the best growth opportunities.Originality/valuePolitics does have a negative impact on growth; it slows down a firm’s growth and its ability to reach the market. This study eliminates possible alternative explanations of a slow pace to market: slower companies are not so because they have too many decision-making layers but because they use consultative processes in resource-allocation decisions, or because of conflict.
Multi-technology sensors are being developed for medical, manufacturing, personal health and other applications not previously possible with historic single-technology sensors
Authors: Bloss Richard 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to review the advancements in new multi-technology sensor products being developed or already serving the market and to explore such applications. The paper also addresses some hacking problems which may arise.

Design/methodology/approach
This paper is a review of published information and papers on multi-technology sensor research as well as contact and discussions with multi-technology sensor researchers and suppliers in this field.

Findings
Microelectronics and electrochemical technologies have been major factors in the multi-sensor technology advancements of sensors for a wide range of applications. Sensors are becoming much smarter; solving application problems better than has been previously possible with single-technology sensors. Multi-technology sensors in many cases may offer better resolution and are much more sensitive than single technology sensors in the past.

Practical implications
Readers may be very excited to learn of the many advances in multi-technology sensors which are coming to the sensor field. Applications that were previously served with more than one sensor or were not possible before are now being served by multi-technology sensors. One such application which many readers may not be aware of but may be using is the wearable individual exercise sensor. One such device is the Apple Watch which will be reviewed in some detail later in this paper.

Originality/value
No previous review of multi-technology sensing has been observed.
BRDF of human skin in the visible spectrum
Authors: Sohaib Ali , Broadbent Laurence , Farooq Abdul Rehman , Smith Lyndon Neal , Smith Melvyn Lionel 
Published: October 2017

Purpose
Significant research has been carried out in terms of development of new bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) instruments; however, there is still little research available regarding spectral BRDF measurements of human skin. This study aims to investigate the variation in human skin reflectance using a new fibre optic-based spectral-BRDF measurement device.

Design/methodology/approach
Design of this system mainly involves use of multiple fibre optics to illuminate and detect light reflected from a sample, whereas a hemispherical dome was 3D printed to mount the fibres at various slant/tilt angles. To investigate the spectral differences in BRDF of human skin, 3 narrowband filters in the visible spectrum were used, whereas measurements were taken from the back of the hand for Caucasian and Asian skin types.

Findings
The experiments demonstrate that the BRDF of human skin varies with wavelengths in the visible spectrum and it is also different for Caucasian and Asian skin types. Both skin types exhibit off-specular reflection with increase in angle of incidence and show less variation with respect to viewing angles when the angle of incidence is normal to the surface.

Research implications
A database of spectral BRDF measurements of human skin will help not only in creating realistic skin renderings but also in development of novel skin reflectance models for biomedical and machine vision applications. The measurements would also provide means to validate the predictions from existing light transport/spectral simulation models for human skin and will ultimately help in the accurate diagnosis and simulation of various skin disorders.

Originality/value
The proposed system provides fast scatter measurements by utilising multiple fibres to detect light simultaneously at different angles while also allowing easy switching between incident light directions. Due to its flexible design and contact-based measurements, the device is independent of errors due to sample movements and does not require any image registration. Also, measurements taken from the device show that the BRDF of skin varies significantly in the visible spectrum and it is different for Caucasian and Asian skin types.
Temporary organizational forms and coopetition in cycling
Authors: Scelles Nicolas , Mignot Jean-François , Cabaud Benjamin , François Aurélien 
Published: October 2017

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the determinants of breakaway success in road cycling races.Design/methodology/approachDescriptive statistics were computed, and a logit model of breakaway success was estimated based on a new kind of statistical data describing the development of each of the 268 breakaways that occurred in the 76 regular stages of the Tour de France 2013 to 2016.FindingsBreakaway success partly depends on the physics of cycling: breakaways are more successful when the stage is hilly or in mountain than flat. In addition, the likelihood of breakaway success depends on strategic moves such as attack timing and the percentage of riders with a teammate in the breakaway.Research limitations/implicationsUnderstanding why certain breakaways succeed and others do not is useful to comprehend cycling performance and to help coopetitive temporary organizational forms such as breakaways optimize their strategic behavior. A limitation is the focus on the Tour de France only.Originality/valueThe present study adds to the literature on temporary organizational forms, coopetition and cycling performance by analyzing within-stage data in cycling and, as such, enabling to capture its strategic dimension.
Declining growth of deciduous shrubs in the warming climate of continental western Greenland
Authors: Gamm Cassandra M. , Sullivan Patrick F. , Buchwal Agata , Dial Roman J. , Young Amanda B. , Watts David A. , Cahoon Sean M. P. , Welker Jeffrey M. , Post Eric 
Published: October 2017

Abstract

Observational and experimental studies have generally shown that warming is associated with greater growth and abundance of deciduous shrubs in arctic ecosystems. It is uncertain, however, if this trend will persist in the future.

Our study examined growth responses of deciduous shrubs to climate change over the late 20th and early 21st centuries near Kangerlussuaq in western Greenland. We combined shrub dendrochronology, stable isotope analysis and weekly measurements of leaf gas exchange to examine the drivers of secondary growth in two widespread and dominant deciduous shrub species: Salix glauca and Betula nana.

Betula showed a dramatic growth decline beginning in the early 1990s, when correlations between growing season air temperature and growth shifted from neutral to strongly negative. Salix also showed a growth decline, but it began slightly later and was more pronounced among older stems. May–August mean air temperature of c. 7°C appeared to be an important threshold.

Carbon isotope discrimination (∆13C) in α‐cellulose of Salix growth rings declined strongly during the period of reduced growth, suggesting drought‐induced stomatal closure as a possible cause. Leaf gas exchange of Salix was also highly sensitive to seasonal variation in moisture availability. Betula growth declined more dramatically than Salix, but leaf gas exchange was less sensitive to moisture availability and there was less evidence of a ∆13C trend. We hypothesize that the dramatic Betula growth decline might reflect the combined effects of increasing moisture limitation, repeated defoliation during recent moth outbreaks and greater browsing by a growing muskoxen population.

Synthesis. Our findings contrast with widespread observations of increasing shrub growth in the Arctic and instead point to a potential decline in the flux of carbon into a pool with a long mean residence time (wood). While our study area is warmer and drier than much of the Arctic, our results may serve as an early indicator of potential effects of rising temperature in other arctic ecosystems.
Validation of subjective rating scales for assessment of surgical workspace during laparoscopy
Authors: Nervil G. G. , Medici R. , Thomsen J. L. D. , Staehr‐Rye A. K. , Asadzadeh S. , Rosenberg J. , Gätke M. R. , Madsen M. V. 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundRecently, studies have focused on how to optimize laparoscopic surgical workspace by changes in intra‐abdominal pressure, level of muscle relaxation or body position, typically evaluated by surgeons using subjective rating scales. We aimed to validate two rating scales by having surgeons assess surgical workspace in video sequences recorded during laparoscopic surgery.MethodVideo sequences were obtained from laparoscopic procedures. Eight experienced surgeons assessed the video sequences on a categorical 5‐point scale and a numerical 10‐point rating scale. Intraclass correlations coefficients (ICC) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for intra‐ and inter‐rater reliability.ResultsThe 5‐point rating scale had an intra‐rater ICC of 0.76 (0.69; 0.83) and an inter‐rater ICC of 0.57 (0.45; 0.68), corresponding to excellent and fair reliability, respectively. The 10‐point scale had an intra‐rater ICC of 0.86 (0.82; 0.89) and an inter‐rater ICC of 0.54 (0.39; 0.68), corresponding to excellent and fair as well. All surgeons used the full range of the 5‐point scale, but only one surgeon used the full range of the 10‐point scale.ConclusionIn conclusion, both scales showed excellent intra‐rater and fair inter‐rater reliability for assessing surgical workspace in laparoscopy. The 5‐point surgical rating scale had all categories employed by all surgeons.
Excited Delirium: A Systematic Review
Authors: Gonin Philippe , Beysard Nicolas , Yersin Bertrand , Carron Pierre‐Nicolas 
Published: October 2017

AbstractObjectiveWe aimed to clarify the definition, epidemiology, and pathophysiology of excited delirium syndrome (ExDS) and to summarize evidence‐based treatment recommendations.MethodsWe conducted a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Ovid, Web of Knowledge, and Cochrane Library for articles published to March 18, 2017. We also searched the gray literature (Google Scholar) and official police or medical expert reports to complete specific epidemiologic data. Search results and full‐text articles were independently assessed by two investigators and agreements between reviewers assessed with K statistics. We classified articles by study type, setting, and evidence level.ResultsAfter reviewing the title and abstract of 3,604 references, we fully reviewed 284 potentially relevant references, from which 66 were selected for final review. Six contributed to the definition of ExDS, 24 to its epidemiology, 38 to its pathophysiology, and 27 to its management. The incidence of ExDS varies widely with medical or medicolegal context. Mortality is estimated to be as much as 8.3% to 16.5%. Patients are predominantly male. Male sex, young age, African‐American race, and being overweight are independent risk factors. Pathophysiology hypotheses mostly implicate dopaminergic pathways. Most cases occur with psychostimulant use or among psychiatric patients or both. Proposed treatments are symptomatic, often with rapid sedation with benzodiazepines or antipsychotic agents. Ketamine is suggested as an alternative.ConclusionThe overall quality of studies was poor. A universally recognized definition is lacking, remaining mostly syndromic and based on clinical subjective criteria. High mortality rate may be due to definition inconsistency and reporting bias. Our results suggest that ExDS is a real clinical entity that still kills people and that has probably specific mechanisms and risk factors. No comparative study has been performed to conclude whether one treatment approach is preferable to another in the case of ExDS.
A Single Session of Attentional Bias Modification Reduces Alcohol Craving and Implicit Measures of Alcohol Bias in Young Adult Drinkers
Authors: Luehring‐Jones Peter , Louis Courtney , Dennis‐Tiwary Tracy A. , Erblich Joel 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundAttentional bias modification (ABM) techniques for reducing problematic alcohol consumption hold promise as highly accessible and cost‐effective treatment approaches. A growing body of literature has examined ABM as a potentially efficacious intervention for reducing drinking and drinking‐related cognitions in alcohol‐dependent individuals as well as those at‐risk of developing problem drinking habits.MethodsThis study tested the effectiveness of a single session of visual probe‐based ABM training in a cohort of 60 non‐treatment‐seeking young adult drinkers, with a focus on examining mechanisms underlying training efficacy. Participants were randomly assigned to a single session of active ABM training or a sham training condition in a laboratory setting. Measures of implicit drinking‐related cognitions (alcohol Stroop and an Implicit Association Task) and attentional bias (AB; alcohol visual probe) were administered, and subjective alcohol craving was reported in response to in vivo alcohol cues.ResultsResults showed that active ABM training, relative to sham, resulted in significant differences in measures of implicit alcohol‐related cognition, alcohol‐related AB, and self‐reports of alcohol craving. Mediation analysis showed that reductions in craving were fully mediated by ABM‐related reductions in alcohol‐Stroop interference scores, suggesting a previously undocumented relationship between the 2 measures.ConclusionsResults document the efficacy of brief ABM to reduce both implicit and explicit processes related to drinking, and highlight the potential intervention‐relevance of alcohol‐related implicit cognitions in social drinkers.
Interaction Between the μ‐Opioid Receptor Gene and the Number of Heavy‐Drinking Peers on Alcohol Use
Authors: Zaso Michelle J. , Maisto Stephen A. , Glatt Stephen J. , Belote John M. , Park Aesoon 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundThe presence of heavy‐drinking peers may trigger genetic vulnerabilities to alcohol use. Limited correlational findings, albeit mixed as a function of age, suggest that carriers of a μ‐opioid receptor (OPRM1) G allele may be more vulnerable than noncarriers to alcohol‐promoting perceived peer environments. However, research has not yet examined such genetic susceptibility to actual (rather than perceived) peer environments through an experimental, ad libitum alcohol administration design. This study examined whether OPRM1 modulates the effects of heavy‐drinking group size on alcohol consumption and explored potential mediators of such OPRM1‐based differences.MethodsCaucasian young adult moderate to heavy drinkers (N = 116; mean age = 22 years [SD = 2.21], 49% female) were randomly assigned to consume alcohol in the presence of none, 1, or 3 heavy‐drinking peer confederates.ResultsResults showed no significant moderating effects of OPRM1 in the relationship between the number (or presence) of heavy‐drinking peers and voluntary alcohol consumption (partial η2 = 0.01). This result remained the same after controlling for sex, age, and typical drinking quantity as well as their 2‐way interactions with OPRM1 and social drinking condition. In addition, OPRM1 did not moderate the peer influence on any proposed mediating variables, including craving for alcohol and subjective responses to alcohol.ConclusionsFindings suggest no OPRM1‐based susceptibility to the number of heavy‐drinking peers, adding to the existing mixed findings from correlational studies. Future research on OPRM1‐related susceptibility to alcohol‐promoting peer environments through meta‐analytic synthesis and both experimental and prospective, multiwave designs is needed to resolve these mixed findings.
Modulation of Th17 and regulatory T‐cell responses during murine pregnancy contributes to increased maternal susceptibility to Salmonella Typhimurium infection
Authors: Agbayani Gerard , Wachholz Kristina , Chattopadhyay Anindita , Gurnani Komal , Murphy Shawn P. , Krishnan Lakshmi 
Published: October 2017

ProblemSalmonella Typhimurium (S. Tm) infection in pregnant mice results in massive placental infection, fetal loss, and exacerbated systemic infection. The Th17 host response can aid control of S. Tm infection, whereas successful pregnancy correlates to a dampened inflammatory and enhanced regulatory T‐cell (Treg) response.Method of studyMice were infected systemically with S. Tm and tissue bacterial burden, splenic Th17 and Treg cell numbers, and serum cytokines were analyzed. Splenic and/or placental mRNA expression of IL‐17A, RORγ‐t, IL‐10, and TNF was determined. The effects of in vivo CD25+ cell depletion and TLR4 blockade on the course of S. Tm infection and Th17 response were determined.ResultsEnhanced S. Tm burden in pregnant mice was associated with time‐dependent increased serum inflammatory cytokines. In vivo, TLR4 blockade reduced splenic S. Tm burden, suggesting detrimental TLR4‐mediated inflammation. However, the splenic and placental Th17 response was reduced in S. Tm‐infected pregnant mice relative to non‐pregnant controls. Alternatively, there was an increase in splenic Treg frequency in pregnant mice and depletion of this subset reduced bacterial burden and increased the Th17 response.ConclusionDownregulation of Th17 cell responses by Tregs during pregnancy potentially contributes to exacerbation of S. Tm infection in pregnant mice.
Reframing the Boundaries of Indigeneity: State‐Based Ontologies and Assertions of Distinction and Compatibility in Thailand
Authors: Morton Micah F. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACTIn this article, I discuss the concept of Indigeneity as it is being localized in post‐2000s Thailand by a coalition of ethnic minorities. Their claim of Indigeneity is unique in purporting a state‐based ontology that identifies the rise of the modern Thai state with that of their Indigeneity, reflecting the problematic nature in Thailand of claims to first peoples’ status. The Thai state has long perceived of these yet‐to‐be‐recognized Indigenous Peoples as “illegal migrants.” Indigenous Peoples are working to assert not only their cultural distinctiveness but also their compatibility with the nation, especially via public performances of their loyalty to the Thai king. While their performances of Indigeneity are necessarily conforming to Thai nationalist expectations of ethnicity and belonging, Indigenous Peoples are reworking those expectations in a manner allowing them to get their own interpretations of history and systems of value recognized and distributed to larger audiences. [Indigeneity, performance, cunning of the unrecognized, royalist nationalism, Thailand]
Technologies of cryoprotectant‐free vitrification of human spermatozoa: asepticity as criterion of effectiveness
Authors: Isachenko V. , Rahimi G. , Mallmann P. , Sanchez R. , Isachenko E. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryThis review describes 120 years history of technology for cryoprotectant‐free cryopreservation of human spermatozoa by direct plunging into liquid nitrogen (vitrification). It is presented an explanation why cryoprotectant‐free vitrification for some human ejaculates is better than conventional freezing and vitrification with the presence of cryoprotectants. Special attention is given to the extremely high viability of viruses, bacteria and micoplasmas after cryoprotectant‐free cryopreservation in culture medium and even in distilled water. This fact increases the potential risk of disease transmission through liquid nitrogen. It is concretized the concept “asepticity” as obvious parameter for any medical assisted reproduction technology which includes the cooling of cells in liquid nitrogen. It is described the role of nonpermeable compounds of mediums for cryoprotectant‐free vitrification: carbohydrates, proteins, lipoproteins, antioxidants. This review summarizes concerned data regarding two groups of different current technologies for cryoprotectant‐free vitrification of human spermatozoa: with direct contact of spermatozoa with liquid nitrogen as well as with full isolation of these cells from liquid nitrogen (aseptic technologies).
Predictive value of pre‐operative inflammation‐based prognostic scores (neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio, and monocyte‐to‐eosinophil ratio) in testicular sperm extraction: a pilot study
Authors: Yucel C. , Keskin M. Z. , Cakmak O. , Ergani B. , Kose C. , Celik O. , Islamoglu E. , Ucar M. , Koc G. , Kozacioglu Z. 
Published: October 2017

SummaryTo investigate the ability of some hematologic prognostic scores demonstrating inflammation in predicting sperm presence in testicular sperm extraction (TESE). We retrospectively investigated the medical data of 430 patients with the diagnosis of non‐obstruc tive azoospermia (NOA) who had undergone TESE operation consecutively in our institution between the dates of January 2009 and February 2017. In all, 352 patients with the diagnosis of NOA, with bilaterally palpable vas deferens, who had undergone TESE for the first time, were included in the study. Patients with genetic anomalies, genital infection, history of surgery or vasectomy, chronic diseases, history of inflammatory, metabolic, rheumatologic, or malignant diseases, morbid obesity, with the diagnosis of clinical varicocele, or patients who had undergone TESE for the second time were excluded from the study. According to the results of TESE, the patients were divided into two groups as those with sperm retrieval and those without sperm retrieval. These groups were compared in terms of age, infertility duration, body mass index, hormone profile, hematologic parameters, neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NRL), monocyte‐to‐eosinophil ratio (MER), and platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR). The NLR and PLR levels were found to be significantly higher in patients without sperm retrieval at TESE compared to those with sperm retrieval. The logistic regression analysis showed NLR as an independent factor that showed the presence of spermatozoa at TESE (odds ratio: 4.786, %95 confidence interval: 2.667–8.589, p < 0.001). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) for the PLR was determined to be 0.574. As the calculated AUC value of the PLR was below 0.6, there was insufficient evidence determined at TESE to say that it was a reliable marker to indicate the presence of spermatozoa. The area of the MER value under the ROC curve was not statistically significant. It has been demonstrated that systemic inflammation negatively affects the probability of extracting spermatozoa in TESE and NLR is an independent factor indicating the presence of spermatozoa in TESE.