bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera Infection After Cardiothoracic Surgery
Authors: Tan Nicholas , Sampath Rahul , Abu Saleh Omar M. , Tweet Marysia S. , Jevremovic Dragan , Alniemi Saba , Wengenack Nancy L. , Sampathkumar Priya , Badley Andrew D. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Ten case reports of disseminated Mycobacterium chimaera infections associated with cardiovascular surgery were published from Europe. We report 3 cases of disseminated M chimaera infections with histories of aortic graft and/or valvular surgery within the United States. Two of 3 patients demonstrated ocular involvement, a potentially important clinical finding.
The far distance to G7.47+0.06 from proper motion measurement of H2O masers
Authors: Yamauchi Aya , Yamashita Kazuyoshi , Honma Mareki , Sunada Kazuyoshi , Nakagawa Akiharu , Ueno Yuji 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We report on a distance measurement of 22 GHz H2O maser features associated with an ultra-compact H ii region G7.47+0.06 using VERA (VLBI Exploration of Radio Astrometry). Since the source is located farther away than 10 kpc, it turned out to be difficult to derive the distance from annual parallax measurement. Meanwhile, we clearly detected the source's proper motion parallel to the Galactic plane. The proper motion is μ = −5.03 ± 0.07 mas yr−1 and is approaching the Galactic center. We applied a new method to determine the source distance based on absolute proper motions. Considering uncertainties of the Galactic rotation curve and the solar peculiar motion, the detected proper motion leads to a source distance of D = 20 ± 2 kpc, demonstrating that astrometric observation can provide an accurate distance measurement at a 10% level even for sources too distant to measure the annual parallax. Lastly, we scale the physical parameters of the H ii region estimated in a previous paper to be 20 kpc, and show that the H2O maser features are associated with a massive star-forming region corresponding to the spectral type of O5.5.
Out-of-School Suspensions of Black Youths: Culture, Ability, Disability, Gender, and Perspective
Authors: Haight Wendy , Kayama Misa , Gibson Priscilla Ann 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Racial disproportionality in out-of-school suspensions is a persistent social justice issue in public schools. This article examines out-of-school suspensions of four black youths from the perspectives of the youths, their caregivers, and educators. The case involving David, a 14-year-old African American with a learning disability, illustrates the challenges of students experiencing the intersection of disability and race. The case involving George, a 14-year-old Liberian immigrant, illustrates how parents and teachers may form alliances around shared goals and values despite profound cultural differences in understanding of youths’ misbehavior. The case involving Nina, a 12-year-old African American, illustrates how educators’ failure to consider the context of her misbehaviors as responses to sexual harassment, along with their subsequent harsh punishment and failure to protect her, led to her disengagement from school. The case involving Craig, a 16-year-old African American, provides a glimpse into how the use of criminal justice language to refer to youths’ misbehaviors can support the development of a criminalized self- and social identity. These cases illustrate the diversity of black students—including ability, disability, culture, and gender—and how events surrounding suspensions are interpreted by students, caregivers, and educators. Understanding such diversity will undergird implementation of effective alternatives to suspensions.
The Relationship Between Academic Motivation and Lifelong Learning During Residency: A Study of Psychiatry Residents
Authors: Sockalingam Sanjeev , Wiljer David , Yufe Shira , Knox Matthew K. , Fefergrad Mark , Silver Ivan , Harris Ilene , Tekian Ara 
Published: June 2016

Purpose
To examine the relationship between lifelong learning (LLL) and academic motivation for residents in a psychiatry residency program, trainee factors that influence LLL, and psychiatry residents’ LLL practices.

Method
Between December 2014 and February 2015, 105 of 173 (61%) eligible psychiatry residents from the Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, completed a questionnaire with three study instruments: an LLL needs assessment survey, the Jefferson Scale of Physician Lifelong Learning (JeffSPLL), and the Academic Motivation Scale (AMS). The AMS included a relative autonomy motivation score (AMS-RAM) measuring the overall level of intrinsic motivation (IM).

Results
A significant correlation was observed between JeffSPLL and AMS-RAM scores (r = 0.39, P < .001). Although there was no significant difference in JeffSPLL and AMS-RAM scores based on respondents’ level of training (senior vs. junior resident), gender, or age, analysis of AMS subdomains showed that junior residents had a significantly higher score on the extrinsic motivation identification domain (mean difference [M] = 0.38; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.01, 0.75]; P = .045; d = 0.44) compared with senior residents. Clinician scientist stream (CSS) residents had significantly higher JeffSPLL scores compared with non-CSS residents (M = 3.15; 95% CI [0.52, 5.78]; P = .020; d = 0.57).

Conclusions
The use of rigorous measures to study LLL and academic motivation confirmed prior research documenting the positive association between IM and LLL. The results suggest that postgraduate curricula aimed at enhancing IM, for example, through support for learning autonomously, could be beneficial to cultivating LLL in learners.
The Effect of Different Carbapenem Antibiotics (Ertapenem, Imipenem/Cilastatin, and Meropenem) on Serum Valproic Acid Concentrations
Authors: Wu Chien-Chih , Pai Tsung-Yu , Hsiao Fei-Yuan , Shen Li-Jiuan , Wu Fe-Lin Lin 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Carbapenem antibiotics (CBPMs) may significantly reduce the serum concentration of valproic acid (VPA), but the extent of this effect among various CBPMs is unknown. This study compared the extent and onset of the interactions among ertapenem, imipenem/cilastatin, and meropenem.

Methods:
A 5-year retrospective study was performed. Hospitalized patients over 18 years old who received VPA and a CBPM concurrently were enrolled via the pharmacy computer system. Patients who lacked VPA serum concentration measurements before or during CBPMs' use, had concurrent medication(s) that might interfere with VPA metabolism, or had a history of liver cirrhosis were excluded. Total VPA serum concentrations before and during CBPMs' use and after its discontinuation were recorded, and differences among various CBPMs were analyzed.

Results:
Fifty-two patients were included in this analysis. Irrespective of the route of administration, VPA serum concentrations were subtherapeutic in 90% of the subjects during CBPMs' use. There was a significant decrease (P < 0.001) in VPA serum concentrations during the use of CBPMs: 72% ± 17%, 42% ± 22%, and 67% ± 19% in the ertapenem (N = 9), imipenem/cilastatin (N = 17), and meropenem (N = 26) groups, respectively. The effect of ertapenem and meropenem on VPA was significantly more expressed than that of imipenem/cilastatin (P < 0.005). The onset of this drug interaction occurred within 24 hours of CBPMs' administration, and VPA serum concentrations returned to 90% of baseline within 7 days of CBPMs' discontinuation along with a 20% increase in VPA dose. Increasing VPA dose during the use of ertapenem or meropenem did not result in elevating VPA serum concentrations to therapeutic levels during the combined therapy period.

Conclusions:
CBPMs reduced VPA serum concentration within 24 hours of administration by approximately 60%. Ertapenem and meropenem had a greater effect on VPA serum concentration than imipenem/cilastatin. Because of the dramatic reduction of VPA serum concentration during CBPMs' use, concomitant use of VPA and CBPMs should be avoided.
Evidence that electronic health records can promote physician counseling for healthy behaviors
Authors: Bae Jaeyong , Hockenberry Jason M. , Rask Kimberly J. , Becker Edmund R. 
Published: June 2016

Background:
Health behavior counseling services may help patients manage chronic conditions effectively and slow disease progression. Studies show, however, that many providers fail to provide these services because of time constraints and inability to tailor counseling to individual patient needs. Electronic health records (EHRs) have the potential to increase appropriate counseling by providing pertinent patient information at the point of care and clinical decision support.

Purpose:
This study estimates the impact of select EHR functionalities on the rate of health behavior counseling provided during primary care visits.

Methodology:
Multivariable regression analyses of the 2007–2010 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were conducted to examine whether eight EHR components representing four core functionalities of EHR systems were correlated with the rate of health behavior counseling services. Propensity score matching was used to control for confounding factors given the use of observational data. To address concerns that EHR may only lead to improved documentation of counseling services and not necessarily improved care, the association of EHR functionalities with prescriptions for smoking cessation medications was also estimated.

Findings:
The use of an EHR system with health information and data, order entry and management, result management, decision support, and a notification system for abnormal test results was associated with an approximately 25% increase in the probability of health behavior counseling delivered. Clinical reminders were associated with more health behavior counseling services when available in combination with patient problem lists. The laboratory results viewer was also associated with more counseling services when implemented with a notification system for abnormal results.

Practice Implication:
An EHR system with key supportive functionalities can enhance delivery of preventive health behavior counseling services in primary care settings. Meaningful use criteria should be evaluated to ensure that they encourage the adoption of EHR systems with those functionalities shown to improve clinical care.
STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BENIGN FLECK RETINA USING MULTIMODAL IMAGING
Authors: Neriyanuri Srividya , Rao Chetan , Raman Rajiv 
Published: June 2016

Purpose:
To report structural and functional features in a case series of benign fleck retina using multimodal imaging.

Methods:
Four cases with benign fleck retina underwent complete ophthalmic examination that included detailed history, visual acuity, and refractive error testing, FM-100 hue test, dilated fundus evaluation, full field electroretinogram, fundus photography with autofluorescence, fundus fluorescein angiography, and swept-source optical coherence tomography.

Results:
Age group of the cases ranged from 19 years to 35 years (3 males and 1 female). Parental consanguinity was reported in two cases. All of them were visually asymptomatic with best-corrected visual acuity of 20/20 (moderate astigmatism) in both the eyes. Low color discrimination was seen in two cases. Fundus photography showed pisciform flecks which were compactly placed on posterior pole and were discrete, diverging towards periphery. Lesions were seen as smaller dots within 1500 microns from fovea and were hyperfluorescent on autofluorescence. Palisading retinal pigment epithelium defects were seen in posterior pole on fundus fluorescein angiography imaging; irregular hyper fluorescence was also noted. One case had reduced cone responses on full field electroretinogram; the other three cases had normal electroretinogram. On optical coherence tomography, level of lesions varied from retinal pigment epithelium, inner segment to outer segment extending till external limiting membrane.

Conclusion:
Functional and structural deficits in benign fleck retina were picked up using multimodal imaging.
Postoperative complications of patients undergoing cardiac surgery
Authors: Ball Lorenzo , Costantino Federico , Pelosi Paolo 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
Cardiac surgery is at high risk for the development of postoperative complications involving cardiovascular and respiratory system, as well as kidneys and central nervous system. The aim of this review is to provide an overview on the most recent findings concerning the type and incidence of different complications after cardiac surgery and to summarize the current recommendations.

Recent findings
Despite an improvement of surgical and anaesthesia techniques that resulted in a significant decrease in mortality, postoperative complications play a major role in affecting morbidity, mortality, length of hospital stay and patients’ quality of life. The most recent evidence suggests that fluid and inotropes administration should be targeted to maintain a cardiac index above 3 l/min/m2 throughout the perioperative period. Volatile anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation with low tidal volumes, low driving pressure and moderate-low positive end-expiratory pressure should be preferred. Preoperative steroids could reduce postoperative atrial fibrillation, whereas no drug has shown to effectively prevent kidney injury.

Summary
Cardiac surgery is still at high risk for postoperative complications. The optimal type of anaesthesia, protective mechanical ventilation during and after surgery as well as haemodynamic management with vasoactive and inotropic drugs is still to be determined.
Perioperative complications of obese patients
Authors: Kiss Thomas , Bluth Thomas , de Abreu Marcelo Gama 
Published: June 2016

Purpose of review
The perioperative care of obese patients can often be challenging, as the presence of comorbidities is common in this patient population. In this article, we present recent data on perioperative complications of obese patients and discuss relevant details for daily practice, including drug dosing, airway management, and mechanical ventilation.

Recent findings
The volatile agent desflurane reduces extubation time, without major effects on postoperative anesthesia care unit discharge time, incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting, or postoperative pain scores compared with other volatile anesthetics. Lean body weight is the most appropriate dosing scalar for most drugs used in anesthesia, including opioids and anesthetic induction agents. Compared with the operational theatre, airway complications occur 20-fold more often in the ICU, with poor outcome. Individual titration of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) after lung recruitment improves gas exchange and lung mechanics intraoperatively, but data on patient outcome are lacking.

Summary
Intensive care physicians who treat obese patients need to be trained in the management of the difficult airway. The application of PEEP and the use of recruitment maneuvers may lead to improved intraoperative oxygenation, but current data do not allow recommending the use of high PEEP combined with lung recruitment maneuvers in this population.
Rising Incidence of Colorectal Cancer Among Young Hispanics in Texas
Authors: Wang Daniel Y. , Thrift Aaron P. , Zarrin-Khameh Neda , Wichmann Alexandra , Armstrong Georgina N. , Thompson Patricia A. , Bondy Melissa L. , Musher Benjamin L. 
Published: June 2016

Goals:
To investigate trends in colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and survival among Hispanics in Texas.

Background:
The incidence of CRC is rising among young adults in the United States. Given Texas’ large Hispanic population, investigating CRC trends in Texas may provide valuable insight into the future of CRC epidemiology in an ever-diversifying US population.

Study:
Data from the Texas Cancer Registry (1995 to 2010) were used to calculate age-adjusted CRC rates based on the 2000 US standard population. Annual percentage change (APC) and 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates were reported by age, race/ethnicity, stage, and anatomic location.

Results:
Of 123,083 CRC cases, 11% occurred in individuals below 50 years old, 26% of whom were Hispanic. Incidence was highest among African Americans (AAs; 76.3/100,000), followed by non-Hispanic whites (NHWs; 60.2/100,000) and Hispanics (50.8/100,000). Although overall CRC incidence declined between 1995 and 2010 (APC, −1.8%; P<0.01), trends differed by age and race/ethnicity. Among individuals 50 years and above, the rate of decline was statistically significant among NHWs (APC, −2.4%; P<0.01) and AAs (APC, −1.3%; P<0.01) but not among Hispanics (APC, −0.6%; P=0.13). In persons aged 20 to 39 years, CRC incidence rose significantly among Hispanics (APC, 2.6%; P<0.01) and NHWs (APC, 2.4%; P<0.01), but not AAs (APC, 0.3%; P=0.75). CSS rates among Hispanics and NHWs were comparable across most age groups and cancer stages, whereas CSS rates among AAs were generally inferior to those observed among NHWs and Hispanics.

Conclusions:
Although CRC incidence has declined in Texas, it is rising among young Hispanics and NHWs while declining more slowly among older Hispanics than among older NHWs and AAs.
Environmental Enteric Dysfunction Is Associated With Altered Bile Acid Metabolism
Authors: Semba Richard D. , Gonzalez‐Freire Marta , Moaddel Ruin , Trehan Indi , Maleta Kenneth M. , Khadeer Mohammed , Ordiz Maria Isabel , Ferrucci Luigi , Manary Mark J. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTObjectives:Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), a clinically asymptomatic condition characterized by inflammation of the small bowel mucosa, villous atrophy, and increased gut permeability, is common among children in developing countries. Because of abnormal gut mucosa and altered gut microbiome, EED could potentially affect the metabolism and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids.Methods:In 313 children, aged 12 to 59 months, EED was assessed by the dual sugar absorption test. Serum bile acids were measured using stable‐isotope liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry.Results:In the overall study population, serum cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid were lower, whereas glycocholic acid, taurodeoxycholic acid, glycodeoxycholic acid, glycolithocholic acid, and glycoursodeoxycholic acid were significantly higher at older ages. Independent of age, serum taurochenodeoxycholic acid, tauromuricholic acid, and glycoursodeoxycholic acid were significantly different between 244 children with EED and 69 children without EED. Total serum bile acids (median, interquartile range) were 4.51 (2.45, 7.51) and 5.10 (3.32, 9.01) μmol/L in children with and without EED, respectively (age‐adjusted, P = 0.0009). The proportion of bile acids conjugated with taurine instead of glycine was higher in children with EED (P < 0.0001).Conclusions:EED is associated with altered bile acid metabolism in young children in rural Malawi. Further work is needed to determine the generalizability of these findings in other study populations.
Reliability and Validity of the Visual, Musculoskeletal, and Balance Complaints Questionnaire
Authors: Lundqvist Lars-Olov , Zetterlund Christina , Richter Hans O. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT

Purpose
To evaluate the reliability and validity of the 15-item Visual, Musculoskeletal, and Balance Complaints Questionnaire (VMB) for people with visual impairments, using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and with Rasch analysis for use as an outcome measure.

Methods
Two studies evaluated the VMB. In Study 1, VMB data were collected from 1249 out of 3063 individuals between 18 and 104 years old who were registered at a low vision center. CFA evaluated VMB factor structure and Rasch analysis evaluated VMB scale properties. In Study 2, a subsample of 52 individuals between 27 and 67 years old with visual impairments underwent further measurements. Visual clinical assessments, neck/scapular pain, and balance assessments were collected to evaluate the convergent validity of the VMB (i.e. the domain relationship with other, theoretically predicted measures).

Results
CFA supported the a priori three-factor structure of the VMB. The factor loadings of the items on their respective domains were all statistically significant. Rasch analysis indicated disordered categories and the original 10-point scale was subsequently replaced with a 5-point scale. Each VMB domain fitted the Rasch model, showing good metric properties, including unidimensionality (explained variances ≥66% and eigenvalues <1.9), person separation (1.86 to 2.29), reliability (0.87 to 0.94), item fit (infit MnSq’s >0.72 and outfit MnSq’s <1.47), targeting (0.30 to 0.50 logits), and insignificant differential item functioning (all DIFs but one <0.50 logits) from gender, age, and visual status. The three VMB domains correlated significantly with relevant visual, musculoskeletal, and balance assessments, demonstrating adequate convergent validity of the VMB.

Conclusions
The VMB is a simple, inexpensive, and quick yet reliable and valid way to screen and evaluate concurrent visual, musculoskeletal, and balance complaints, with contribution to epidemiological and intervention research and potential clinical implications for the field of health services and low vision rehabilitation.
Volumic omit maps inab initiodual-space phasing
Authors: Oszlányi Gábor , Sütő András 
Published: June 2016

Alternating-projection-type dual-space algorithms have a clear construction, but are susceptible to stagnation and, thus, inefficient for solving the phase problemab initio. To improve this behaviour new omit maps are introduced, which are real-space perturbations applied periodically during the iteration process. The omit maps are calledvolumic, because they delete some predetermined subvolume of the unit cell without searching for atomic regions or analysing the electron density in any other way. The basic algorithms of positivity, histogram matching and low-density elimination are tested by their solution statistics. It is concluded that, while all these algorithms based on weak constraints are practically useless in their pure forms, appropriate volumic omit maps can transform them to practically useful methods. In addition, the efficiency of the already useful reflector-type charge-flipping algorithm can be further improved. It is important that these results are obtained by using non-sharpened structure factors and without any weighting scheme or reciprocal-space perturbation. The mathematical background of volumic omit maps and their expected applications are also discussed.
Two dimensional element free Galerkin coupled flow function method and its application
Authors: Zhang Qingdong , Zhang Boyang , Lu Xingfu 
Published: June 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to propose a hybridization numerical method to solve the plastic deformation of metal working based on the flow function method and meshless method.Design/methodology/approach– The proposed method is named as flow function-element free Galerkin (F-EFG) method. It uses the flow function as the basic unknown quantity to get the basic control equation, the compactly supported approximate function to establish a local approximate flow function by means of moving least square approximation, and the element free Galerkin (EFG) method to solve variational equation. The F-EFG method takes the upper limit method essence of flow function method, and the convergence, stability, and error characteristics of EFG method.Findings– The steady extrusion process of the axisymmetric extrusion problems as well as the extrusion deformation law and main field variables are subjects in the modeling and simulation analysis using F-EFG method. The results show that the F-EFG method has good computational efficiency and accuracy.Originality/value– The F-EFG method proposed in this paper has the advantages of high-solution precision of flow function method and large deformation solution of element free method. It overcomes the difficulties in global flow function establishment in flow function method and low-solution efficiency in element free method. The method is beneficial to the development of flow function method and element free method.