bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Konsumsi Makanan dan Kejadian Anemia pada Siswi Salah Satu SMP di Kota Makassar
Authors: Syatriani Sri , Aryani Astrina 
Published: November 2016

Anemia dikalangan remaja masih merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting akibat pertumbuhan remaja sangat pesat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi protein, zat besi, vitamin B12, dan vitamin C dengan kejadian anemia pada siswi salah satu SMP di Makassar. Penelitian ini dengan disain studi cross sectional. Sampel adalah siswi kelas I dan II yang dipilih secara purposive sampling sebanyak 50 orang. Pengumpulan data konsumsi makanan dengan formulir recall 24 jam dan pengukuran kadar Hb dengan alat hemocue. Hasil penelitian dengan analisis chi-square diperoleh ada hubungan antara konsumsi protein (p=0,000), konsumsi zat besi (p=0,002), konsumsi vitamin B 12 (p=0,044), dan konsumsi vitamin C (p=0,006) dengan kejadian anemia. Untuk itu, disarankan para siswi meningkatkan konsumsi makanan sumber protein terutama protein hewani, zat besi, vitamin B12, dan vitaminC serta mengatur pola makan. Kata kunci: Anemia, konsumsi nutrisi, remajaAbstractAnemia is a public health problem which is still higher prevalence in teenagers because during this period in very rapid growth. This study aims to determine the relationship of several factors such as consumption of protein, iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin C with the incidence of anemia in junior high school students in Makassar. The study was cross sectional study. Sample are first and second grade students who are selected by purposive sampling is 50 people. Food consumption data collection was performed with 24 hour recall form and measurement of Hb by using hemocue. The result with chi-square analysis found that there is relationship between protein consumption (p=0,000), consumption of iron (p=0,002), intake of vitamin B12 (p =0,044), and consumption of vitamin C (p=0,006) with the incidence of anemia. It is suggested that the student increase the consumption of food from protein, especially animal protein, iron, vitamin B12, and vitamin C as well as regulate diet.Key word: anemia, nutnition consumption, teeneger.
Using Relative Humidity Indicator Paper to Measure Seed and Commodity Moisture Contents
Authors: Bradford Kent J. , Dahal Peetambar , Bello Pedro 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
Low seed and commodity moisture contents are critical for safe storage.
Equipment for measuring moisture content is often unavailable in rural locations.
Commodity moisture content and equilibrium relative humidity are uniquely related.
Relative humidity can be measured easily using electronic meters or indicator paper.
Commodity moisture content can be conveniently measured using such indicator strips.
Declines of seed viability in storage and losses of stored commodities due to fungal spoilage and insect pests are promoted by high moisture content. However, measuring seed or grain moisture content in the field can be difficult, particularly in rural locations in developing countries. Because seed/commodity moisture content is uniquely related to equilibrium relative humidity at a given temperature, moisture content can be estimated by measuring the relative humidity of a sample enclosed in a sealed container. Relative humidity can be measured using electronic meters, or even more inexpensively using indicator paper that changes color in response to relative humidity. We describe this method and provide a spreadsheet to convert relative humidity to moisture content for many common seeds and commodities. This simple method can be used in the field for quickly estimating seed or commodity moisture content to determine whether further drying is needed or is suitable for storage, milling or other uses.
Spatiotemporal Patterns of Field Crop Diversity in the United States, 1870–2012
Authors: Hijmans Robert J. , Choe Hyeyeong , Perlman Joshua 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
Field crop diversity in the US peaked between 1940 and 1960.
Current levels of field crop diversity are similar to what they were in 1900.
Field crop diversity in the Midwest has been very low throughout the past 142 years.
Describing spatiotemporal patterns of agricultural biodiversity may be an important step toward better understanding its effect on agroecosystem services. We describe species‐level field crop diversity at the national and state level for the United States, using annual survey data for a 142‐yr period. National‐level field crop diversity was very low around 1870 and peaked around 1960, after which time it began to decline. Many states had their highest levels of diversity between 1940 and 1960, but trends varied strongly among states. In 1900, the states with highest diversity were in the Northeast, but in 2012 the highest diversity was found in California, North Dakota, and the southeastern states. Diversity in the central US Corn Belt was very low throughout the 142‐yr period studied. These results show that changes in diversity do not necessarily follow a simple continuous decline when moving from “traditional” to “industrial” agriculture.
MSMA: Knowledge Gaps to Aid Appropriate Regulation of an Efficacious Herbicide
Authors: Gannon Travis W. , Polizzotto Matthew L. 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
MSMA is an arsenic‐based herbicide currently registered in cotton and turfgrass.
Will continued MSMA use threaten human and environmental health?
Discrepancies about environmental fate exist among field and laboratory research.
Factors that influence As species transformation should be further elucidated.
Management plans should be devised where MSMA is used.
Monosodium methyl arsenate (MSMA) is an efficacious postemergence herbicide commonly used in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) and turfgrass systems. Concerns have arisen about potential adverse effects of MSMA‐derived arsenic on human and environmental health. The USEPA enacted a phase‐out of MSMA and other organic arsenical pesticides in 2006, although subsequent agreements allow for its continued use until a review is complete in 2019. Additional research is needed to further characterize MSMA environmental fate and species transformation kinetics in cotton and turfgrass systems of varying edaphic conditions, as there are current knowledge gaps and discrepancies in previous reports. Improved understanding of MSMA environmental fate under real‐case conditions will allow regulatory agencies to devise appropriate regulations and management plans to ensure environmental and human health are protected.
Declining Atmospheric Sulfate Deposition in an Agricultural Watershed in Central Pennsylvania, USA
Authors: Elkin Kyle R. , Veith Tamie L. , Lu Haiming , Goslee Sarah C. , Buda Anthony R. , Collick Amy S. , Folmar Gordon J. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Bryant Ray B. 
Published: November 2016

Core Ideas
Sulfate concentrations in an agriculturally dominated watershed respond to atmospheric deposition inputs.
Rough budget estimates in the watershed suggest a depletion of the sulfur pool.
Agricultural practices do not seem to mask effects of atmospheric deposition.
Sulfur emissions in the northeastern United States are only 20% of levels measured in 1987 due to the enactment of the US federal Clean Air Act. While there are numerous reports of forested ecosystems recovering from acidification as a result of the decline in sulfur deposition, few studies describe such recovery in agricultural watersheds. We used long‐term (30+ yr) atmospheric and watershed data from a USDA experimental watershed to investigate whether daily agricultural practices masked the declining sulfur (as sulfate‐sulfur) trends seen in mainly forested watersheds. Over the study period, atmospheric wet deposition of sulfate‐sulfur decreased 75% while sulfate‐sulfur at the watershed decreased by approximately 30%. While the deposition of sulfur is detrimental to stream quality, the reduction of sulfur deposition in recent years has caused many soils in the watershed to develop sulfur deficiencies. Long‐term declines in watershed sulfur export reveal emerging concerns about reducing atmospheric sulfur levels.
Sex difference in choice of concealed or exposed refuge sites by preschool children viewing a model leopard in a playground simulation of antipredator behavior
Authors: Coss Richard G. 
Published: November 2016

The current study of preschool children characterizes a semi-natural extension of experimental questions on how human ancestors evaded predation when encountering dangerous felids. In a pretend game on a playground, we presented full-size leopard and deer models to children (N = 39) in a repeated-measures experimental design. Prior to viewing the model presented 15-m away, each child was instructed by the experimenter to go where she or he would feel safe. The rationale for this study was based on the anthropological construct of “sexual dinichism,” positing that, during the Pliocene, smaller-bodied hominin females engaged in more arboreal behavior than larger-bodied males. Consistent with this construct, our previous simulation research using images of an African rock outcrop showed that, after viewing a lion, girls preferred a tree as refuge rather than a crevice or large boulder whereas boys did not differentiate these refuge sites. In this follow-up study, we predicted that, after viewing the model leopard, the preschool girls would differ from the boys by not choosing enclosed refuge sites analogous to the crevice. Analyses of a contingency table for the leopard model supported this hypothesis by yielding a significant interaction of sex and refuge location (p = .031, d = .76), the source of which was a reliably larger percentage of girls not choosing concealed refuge (p = .005, d = 2.3). The interaction of sex and refuge location for the model deer was not significant (p > .5). Our findings suggest that, in contrast to the deer, the girls selected exposed playground refuge sites rather than concealing ones to maintain visual contact with the leopard as a contingency for future action.
Relief of Lower Back and Leg Pain after Myelography
Authors: Guo Rui , Sakakibara Toshihiko , Mizuno Tetsutaro , Akeda Koji , Kondo Tetsushi , Kasai Yuichi 
Published: November 2016

Introduction:
It is well-known that many patients will have adverse reactions such as headache and nausea after undergoing myelography, but we have often seen cases where symptoms such as lower back pain and leg pain were alleviated following myelography. To the best of our knowledge, such clinical cases of post-myelographic alleviation have not been reported.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 325 patients with a degenerative lumbar spinal disorder who underwent myelography were prospectively investigated at four hospitals from April 2012 to March 2014 to survey the post-myelographic alleviation of lower back and leg pain prospectively. The severities of lower back pain, leg pain and numbness of the lower extremities were evaluated and intermittent claudication distance was measured before myelography. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings and myelographic findings were also evaluated for the patients that their symptoms were improved.

Results:
Thirty-five of 325 cases (10.8%) of these patients had their symptoms alleviated after undergoing myelography; 26 cases of lower back pain, two cases of leg pain, two cases of numbness of the lower extremity, and five cases of intermittent claudication.

Conclusion:
In the patients of a degenerative lumbar spinal disorder, about 10% cases with lower back pain or intermittent claudication had post-myelographic alleviation. Intradural injection therapy might be a therapeutic method to alleviate these symptoms.
Unidirectional Protection Strategy for Multi-terminal HVDC Grids
Authors: Mokhberdoran Ataollah , Silva Nuno , Leite Helder , Carvalho Adriano 
Published: November 2016

Protection issue is identified as the main drawback of emerging multi-terminal HVDC grids. Multi-terminal HVDC grid demands fast short circuit fault current interruption. Fast DC circuit breakers as a promising solution can be implemented as either bidirectional or unidirectional devices. In addition to less implementation cost, the unidirectional DC circuit breakers have less power losses as compared to the bidirectional devices. A protection strategy for multi-terminal HVDC grid based on unidirectional breaking devices is discussed and assessed in this paper. The performance of unidirectional protection strategy is examined under different fault scenarios in a fourterminal MMC-HVDC grid model. Furthermore, the impacts of unidirectional protection strategy on power converters and also current interruption and surge arrester ratings of the DC circuit breakers are discussed.
Clinical and Epidemiological Features of Psoriasis in Patients Visiting Lumbini Medical College
Authors: Mikrani Jameel Akhtar , Shrestha Arati 
Published: November 2016

Background: Psoriasis is a worldwide disease and varies in its clinical profile and epidemiology in different regions of the world. The disease is common and few epidemiological data are available in our country. Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic and clinical features of Psoriasis in Lumbini Medical College.
Methods: A retrospective investigation of a total of 240 patients visiting Out Patient Department (OPD) of Dermatology and Venereology of Lumbini Medical College with Psoriasis was done. The parameters included were age at onset of disease, age at first treatment, current age, sex, type of disease and distribution of lesions. Data and statistical analysis was done with SPSS 17.0.
Results: The mean age of patients at onset of disease was 26.4 (SD = 14.3) years. M:F ratio was 1.16. Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) was the most common variety of the disease. Extensor surface of the body was most commonly involved.
Conclusion: Psoriasis is a common dermatological disease accounting 2.9% of all dermatology patients in our center. PV is the most common clinical subtype. The disease is more frequent in the third decade of life and has a male predominance in our region. Treatment compliance has been found to be poor.
Perceived Social Support among Mentally Ill Patients
Authors: Pokharel Bandana , Pokharel Anupama 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Social support is the perception that one is cared for, has assistance available from significant others and its benefit is by buffering stress by influencing the ability to adjust and live with illness. Social support can uplift the quality and subjective wellbeing of people. The objective of this study was to examine the perceived social support and factors influencing it among mentally ill patients.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out. Ninety cases aged more than 18 years visiting outpatient of psychiatric department and diagnosed as a case of mental illness for at least a year were included. Instruments used were self-developed proforma and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Interview technique was used to collect the data.
Results: Majority (60%) of the patients perceive social support from family, 28% of the patients perceive social support from significant others. Regression analysis showed that the perceived social support is influenced by employment status, type of family one lives in and physical illness. It is not influenced by gender, subjective financial status and frequency of hospitalization.
Conclusion: Perceived social support is influenced by employment status, type of family one lives in and physical illness. Majority (60%) of the patients perceive social support from family.
Significance of Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Cerebrovascular Accidents
Authors: Acharya Sumnima , Chaturvedi Shyam Kishore 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) is defined as abrupt onset of a neurological deficit that is attributable to a focal vascular cause. CT scan is a widely available, affordable, non-invasive and relatively accurate investigation in patients with stroke and is important to identify stroke pathology and exclude mimics. Aim of this study is to establish the diagnostic significance of computed tomography in cerebrovascular accident and to differentiate between cerebral infarction and cerebral haemorrhage with CT for better management of CVA.
Methods: A one year observational cross sectional study was conducted in 100 patients that presented at the department of radiodiagnosis from emergency or ward within the one year of study period with the clinical diagnosis of stroke, and had a brain CT scan done within one to fourteen days of onset.
Results: A total of 100 patients were studied. 66 were male and 34 were female with a male/female ratio of 1.9:1. Maximum number of cases (39%) was in the age group of 61-80 yrs. Among 100 patients, 55 cases were clinically diagnosed as hemorrhagic stroke and 45 cases were clinically diagnosed with an infarct. Out of the 55 hemorrhagic cases, two cases were diagnosed as both hemorrhage and infarct by CT scan, one case had normal CT scan findings and one had subdural haemorrhage. These four cases were excluded while comparing the clinical diagnosis with CT scan finding. Among 51 clinically diagnosed cases of hemorrhagic stroke, 32(62.7%) cases were proved by CT scan as hemorrhagic stroke and among clinically diagnosed cases of infarct, 39(86.7%) cases were proved by CT scan as infarct which is statistically significant (p <0.001). A significant agreement between clinical and CT diagnosis was observed as indicated by kappa value of 0.49. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of clinical findings as compared to CT in diagnosing hemorrhage were 84.2%, 67.2%, 62.8% and 86.7% respectively. The accuracy of clinical diagnosis is 74%.
Conclusion: This study showed that CT scan is a useful diagnostic modality to identify stroke pathology and to exclude mimics.
Clinical Results of Surgically Treated Medial Humeral Epicondylar Apophyseal Avulsion Injury in Children and Adolescent.
Authors: Joshi Ruban Raj , Sundararaj Gabriel David 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle represent approximately 10% of all paediatric elbow fractures. Objective of our study was to assess treatment outcomes of children and adolescent with medial epicondylar fracture of the elbow using standard operative protocols.
Methods: 20 surgically treated fractures of the medial humeral epicondyle were analysed & reviewed for their epidemiological, clinical and surgical parameters. A valgus stress test was performed under general anesthesia or sedation. All patients underwent open reduction internal fixation using a similar technique. The medial epicondylar fragment was anatomically reduced and fixed in all cases with screws, Kirshner wires or tension band wiring. At final evaluation, union (radiologically) and elbow function [MAYO elbow performance score (MEPS)] was assessed.
Results: An evaluation of all of our patients after a mean follow-up of 8.75 months (SD=4.76) after initial surgery was possible. The mean age of patients at the time of injury was 10.8years (SD=2.3). Fifteen (75%) dominant elbows were injured in our study and 12(60%) elbows had an associated elbow dislocation. On examination in operating room post anaesthesia, all of the elbow injuries revealed some degree of valgus instability. All of our patients(n=20) showed good to excellent results in the MAYO elbow performance score (MEPS). Radiographically, union was achieved in all cases. Three patients developed postoperative ulnar nerve neuropraxia, all recovered at time of final follow up. One patient developed mild lateral heterotrophic ossification but did not require any additional surgical intervention.
Conclusion: Our results suggest that open reduction internal fixation of displaced medial epicondyle fractures leads to satisfactory motion and function. A valgus stress test in operating room can reveal the true nature of joint instability that can warrant operative stabilization of medial epicondylar injuries.
Education Status of Husband and Wife and its Influence on Acceptance of Contraception
Authors: Shrestha Buddhi Kumar , Shrestha Subha 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Acceptance of family planning is influenced by a variety of interrelated factors such as age at marriage, education, economic status, religion, number of living children etc. This study is an endeavor to assess the relation between education status of husband and wife and acceptance of contraception among postpartum women at Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital.
Methods: A prospective, observational analytical study was conducted in Obstetrics and Gynecology department of Lumbini Medical College. The information on socio-demographic data, educational status of husband and wife and willingness to accept any form of contraception within the next three months was obtained by an interview, utilizing a questionnaire.
Results: There were 615 postpartum ladies accompanied by their husbands who were included in the study. Mean age of wives was 25.11 years (SD=5.36, range 17-45) and husbands was 27.89 years (SD=5.55, range 20-47). Contraceptive acceptance was shown to increase significantly with literacy status. Illiterate husbands and wives refused to accept the contraception which was statistically significant (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Contraceptive acceptance was significantly poor in illiterate wives and husbands whereas it was significantly higher in educated wives and husbands of all education levels. We feel the need of more education programs and education friendly socio-economic conditions which increases the acceptance of contraception thereby assisting family planning and population control.
Lifestyle Modification after Diagnosis of Hypertension in Patients Visiting Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Nepal Parbati , Dhungana Bina 
Published: November 2016

Introduction: Lifestyle modifications is an important aspect of hypertension therapy. However, studies on this nonpharmacological approach of hypertension management and its impact is very limited in a developing country like Nepal. The objective of the present study was to determine the life style of patients after diagnosis of hypertension.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study design was conducted in Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital (LMCTH). A total of 63 patients attending Medical outpatient clinic of Lumbini Medical College who were diagnosed as hypertensive at least two months before the interview were included. Data were collected from 22nd February 2015 to 21st March 2015 by interview method using a questionnaire consisting of a combination of structured and semistructured questions.
Results: This study revealed that non-vegetarian decreased from 95.2% to 74.6% after diagnosis. Lifestyle modification criteria like amount of salt intake, smoking, and alcohol consumption were significantly reduced whereas physical exercise and stress reduction activity were significant increased.
Conclusion: Majority of respondents has changed their lifestyle after diagnosis of hypertension.