bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome Improvement for Hypothermic Machine Perfusion Versus Cold Storage for Kidneys From Cardiac Death Donors
Authors: Zhong Zibiao , Lan Jia'nan , Ye Shaojun , Liu Zhongzhong , Fan Lin , Zhang Yang , Fu Zhen , Qiao Bingbing , Shiu‐Chung Ko Dicken , Wang Yanfeng , Ye Qifa 
Published: July 2017

AbstractOrgan shortage has led to an increased use of kidneys from cardiac death donors (DCDs), but controversies about the methods of organ preservation still exist. This study aims to compare the effect of machine perfusion (MP) and cold storage (CS) in protecting kidneys harvested from DCDs. 141 kidney pairs from DCDs between July 2010 and July 2015 were included in this randomized controlled study. One kidney from each donor was randomly assigned to MP and the contralateral kidney was assigned to CS. Delayed graft function (DGF) rate, resistance index of renal arteries, early renal function, and survival rates were used to estimate the effect of preservation. The results showed that MP decreased the rate of DGF from 33.3 to 22.0% (P = 0.033). Ultrasound of the kidneys within 48 h after transplantation showed that the resistance index of renal main artery (0.673 ± 0.063 vs. 0.793 ± 0.124, P < 0.001), sub segmental artery (0.66 ± 0.062 vs. 0.764 ± 0.077, P < 0.001) and interlobular artery (0.648 ± 0.056 vs. 0.745 ± 0.111, P = 0.023) were all significantly lower in the MP group than those in the CS group. Furthermore, compared to the CS group, in the first 7 days following transplantation, the median urine volume was significantly higher (4080 mL vs. 3000 mL, P = 0.047) in kidneys sustained using MP and the median serum creatinine was remarkably lower (180 µmol/L vs. 390 µmol/L, P = 0.024). More importantly, MP group had higher 1‐ and 3‐year graft survival rates (98% vs. 93%, P = 0.026; 93% vs. 82%, P = 0.036, respectively). Hypothermic MP improved the outcomes of DCD kidney transplantation.
Investigating the impact of teacher education strategies on preservice teachers' TPACK
Authors: Baran Evrim , Canbazoglu Bilici Sedef , Albayrak Sari Aylin , Tondeur Jo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to examine preservice teachers' perceptions of the support their teacher education programs provide for developing their technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). The research was conducted with 215 preservice teachers in the last year of teacher education programs and teaching certificate programs in three universities in Turkey. Data sources were the synthesis of qualitative evidence (SQD) scale that was validated in the Turkish context as part of this study and the TPACK‐practical scale. The strategies investigated in the SQD‐model included: using teacher educators as role models; reflecting on the role of technology in education; learning how to use technology by design; collaboration with peers; scaffolding authentic technology experiences; and providing continuous feedback. The linear regression analysis revealed a positive relation between teacher education strategies and preservice teachers' TPACK. Reflection and teacher educators' as role models were the most frequently used teacher education strategies in teacher education programs included in this study. Results provided recommendations for further research on the connection between the teacher education strategies and the development of preservice teachers' TPACK in teacher education programs.
Changing Wild Meat Consumption: An Experiment in the Central Amazon, Brazil
Authors: Chaves Willandia A. , Valle Denis R. , Monroe Martha C. , Wilkie David S. , Sieving Kathryn E. , Sadowsky Brooke 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMillions of people across the tropics rely on wildlife for food and income. However, overhunting to satisfy this demand is causing the decline of many species; an issue known as the wild meat crisis. We applied a before‐after control‐intervention design to assess the effects of social marketing (an information campaign and community engagement) with and without an economic incentive (discount coupons for chicken) on wild meat consumption. Coupons increased chicken consumption, as expected, but did not reduce wild meat consumption. In contrast, social marketing without the price incentive reduced wild meat consumption by ∼62%. This study demonstrates how social marketing and price incentives may be effective at reducing demand for meat and other wildlife products.
Farmer Perceptions of the Ecosystem Services Provided by Scavengers: What, Who, and to Whom
Authors: Morales‐Reyes Zebensui , Martín‐López Berta , Moleón Marcos , Mateo‐Tomás Patricia , Botella Francisco , Margalida Antoni , Donázar José A. , Blanco Guillermo , Pérez Irene , Sánchez‐Zapata José A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA socioecological approach to biodiversity conservation has recently been encouraged. We examined farmer perceptions of ecosystem services provided by scavenging vertebrates in Spain through face‐to‐face surveys with farmers in seven large extensive livestock systems. Scavenging services (i.e., carrion consumption) was the most perceived benefit whereas the role of some scavengers as predators was the most recognized damage. The most beneficial scavengers perceived were vultures. Overall, we detected a “Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” paradox as the same species and species within the same guild can be dually perceived as beneficial or harmful. Our findings provide evidence that traditional extensive farming linked to experience‐based and local ecological knowledge drives positive perceptions of scavengers and their consideration as ecosystem services providers. Research on social perceptions can contribute to the conservation of scavengers by raising awareness about the ecosystem services provided by this functional group.
Telling young children they have a reputation for being smart promotes cheating
Authors: Zhao Li , Heyman Gail D. , Chen Lulu , Lee Kang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe present research examined the consequences of telling young children they have a reputation for being smart. Of interest was how this would affect their willingness to resist the temptation to cheat for personal gain as assessed by a temptation resistance task, in which children promised not to cheat in the game. Two studies with 3‐ and 5‐year‐old children (total N = 323) assessed this possibility. In Study 1, participants were assigned to one of three conditions: a smart reputation condition in which they were told they have a reputation for being smart, an irrelevant reputation control condition, or a no reputation control condition. Children in the smart reputation condition were significantly more likely to cheat than their counterparts in either control condition. Study 2 confirmed that reputational concerns are indeed a fundamental part of our smart reputation effect. These results suggest that children as young as 3 years of age are able to use reputational cues to guide their behavior, and that telling young children they have a positive reputation for being smart can have negative consequences.
Difficult conversations: adults with diabetes and the discussion of microvascular complications
Authors: Ritholz M. D. , MacNeil T. , Weinger K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAimsTo investigate the experiences among adults with diabetes of discussions of microvascular complications and provide recommendations for providers.MethodsWe performed a qualitative study in 148 adults with Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes (56% women, 95% white, mean age 60±13 years, 65% with Type 1 diabetes, 71% with ≥1 microvascular complication). Data were analysed using content analysis.ResultsAt their first discussion of microvascular complications, 93% of participants (138/148) recalled providers using a preventative approach including clinical suggestions, factual information and warnings. At complication diagnosis, 78% of participants (82/105) perceived provider support through comprehensive interactive education, specific self‐care guidance, reassuring messages, and referrals and follow‐ups. In response to complication diagnosis, 48% (50/105) felt scared, 46% (48/105) had ‘a wake‐up call’, and 86% (90/105) reported increasing ≥1 specific area of self‐care. Participants recommended providers offer factual and complete information, specific self‐care guidance, and positive honesty, with an individualized and collaborative approach that includes psychosocial assessment and referrals and lacks ‘scare tactics’ and blame.ConclusionsAdults with diabetes want to learn about diabetes microvascular complications and apply preventative strategies as early as possible. Paradoxically, the diagnosis of a diabetes microvascular complication in itself may represent a unique learning opportunity because 86% of participants improved diabetes self‐care after this event. Recommendations offer providers simple but important clinical approaches to improve these difficult conversations and thus support necessary behaviour changes and psychosocial well‐being. Training is needed to help providers discuss the threat of diabetes complications with honest but positive messages so that people with diabetes can be fully informed but also maintain hope in the face of complications.
Comparison of Vis–NIR on in situ, intact core and dried, sieved soil to estimate clay content at field to regional scales
Authors: Poggio M. , Brown D. J. , Bricklemyer R. S. 
Published: July 2017

We evaluated the in situ performance of a newly designed visible and near‐infrared (Vis–NIR) penetrometer to predict clay content for 10 fields, 151 profile locations and 485 samples that span four orders of the USDA Soil Taxonomy across the Pacific Northwest region of the USA. The clay mineralogy of the soil families is mixed and heterogeneous. To minimize the effects of soil moisture, in situ Vis–NIR measurements were taken during the summer in a Mediterranean climate when most soil is at or near wilting point. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) and leave‐one‐core‐out cross‐validation were used to assess the different soil Vis–NIR measurements: (i) standard error of prediction (SEP) = 5.7, residual product differential (RPD) = 1.69 for in situ, (ii) SEP = 5.3, RPD = 1.83 for laboratory measurements of intact cores and (iii) SEP = 4.7, RPD = 2.0 for laboratory measurements of dried, sieved soil. The two primary factors contributing to larger in situ errors of prediction relative to laboratory‐based measurements of dried, sieved soil were (i) scanning an intact soil surface at field moisture compared with dried, sieved‐homogenized soil and (ii) problems with instrument drift and referencing in the field. For four of the 10 fields with similar loess soil and 24 cores per field, we found that for all soil preparations (in situ, intact core and dried, sieved) field‐specific calibrations (SEP = 5.1, RPD = 1.29 for in situ; SEP = 3.3, RPD = 2.0 for dried, sieved samples) out‐performed both a single calibration for the four fields and a calibration that included all 10 fields in this study. More research is required to understand better the effects of examining intact rather than crushed‐sieved soil material, a potentially important factor for in situ spectroscopy. In situ predictions could probably be improved with a more stable and internally referenced field spectrometer, but even with these challenges the results show that penetrometer‐derived in situ spectroscopy can be used to map the variation in soil profile clay content semi‐quantitatively.HighlightsWe evaluated a new Vis–NIR penetrometer foreoptic to predict clay content in situ.
We compared sources of error from in situ and laboratory Vis–NIR.
Sample preparation markedly affected (intact soil or dried, sieved) Vis–NIR model performance.
We identified major differences in clay content with penetrometer‐based Vis–NIR spectroscopy.
Violence exposure is associated with adolescents' same‐ and next‐day mental health symptoms
Authors: Odgers Candice L. , Russell Michael A. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundYoung people exposed to violence are at increased risk for mental health and behavioral problems. However, very little is known about the immediate, or same‐day, associations between violence exposure and adolescents' mental health symptoms or whether daily symptom or behavioral reactivity marks future problems.MethodsYoung adolescents were assessed three times a day for 30 consecutive days using mobile‐phone‐based Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) (N = 151 adolescents). Over 12,500 assessments and 4,329 person days were obtained via the EMA. Adolescents were recruited from low‐income neighborhoods based on parent‐reported risk for externalizing symptoms. Mental health symptoms were assessed via parent and child report at baseline, multiple times per day via EMA assessments of the adolescents, and again 18 months later when 93% of the adolescents were reinterviewed.ResultsResults from multilevel models illustrated that young adolescents were more likely to experience symptoms of anger (OR = 1.74, CI: 1.31–2.30), depression (OR = 1.66, CI: 1.26–2.19), and conduct problems (OR = 2.63, CI: 1.71–4.04) on days that they were exposed versus not exposed to violence. Increases in depressive symptoms were also observed on days following violence exposure (OR = 1.46, CI: 1.09–1.97). Adolescents with the highest levels of violence exposure across the 30‐day EMA were less behaviorally reactive to violence exposures in daily life, and heightened behavioral reactivity predicted increased risk for substance use across early adolescence.ConclusionsFindings support the need to focus on both the immediate and long‐term associations between violence exposure and adolescents' mental health and behavior. Results also suggest that heightened behavioral reactivity during early adolescence may signal emerging substance use problems.
Plant diversity induces shifts in the functional structure and diversity across trophic levels
Authors: Ebeling Anne , Rzanny Michael , Lange Markus , Eisenhauer Nico , Hertzog Lionel R. , Meyer Sebastian T. , Weisser Wolfgang W. 
Published: July 2017

Changes to primary producer diversity can cascade up to consumers and affect ecosystem processes. Although the effect of producer diversity on higher trophic groups have been studied, these studies often quantify taxonomy‐based measures of biodiversity, like species richness, which do not necessarily reflect the functioning of these communities. In this study, we assess how plant species richness affects the functional composition and diversity of higher trophic levels and discuss how this might affect ecosystem processes, such as herbivory, predation and decomposition.Based on six different consumer traits, we examined the functional composition of arthropod communities sampled in experimental plots that differed in plant species richness. The two components we focused on were functional variation in the consumer community structure (functional structure) and functional diversity, expressed as functional richness, evenness and divergence.We found a consistent positive effect of plant species richness on the functional richness of herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores, but not decomposers, and contrasting patterns for functional evenness and divergence. Increasing plant species richness shifted the omnivore community to more predatory and less mobile species, and the herbivore community to more specialized and smaller species. This was accompanied by a shift towards more species occurring in the vegetation than in the ground layer.Our study shows that plant species richness strongly affects the functional structure and diversity of aboveground arthropod communities. The observed shifts in body size (herbivores), specialization (herbivores), and feeding mode (omnivores) together with changes in the functional diversity may underlie previously observed increases in herbivory and predation in plant communities of higher diversity.
Functional regulation of Q by microRNA172 and transcriptional co‐repressor TOPLESS in controlling bread wheat spikelet density
Authors: Liu Pan , Liu Jie , Dong Huixue , Sun Jiaqiang 
Published: July 2017

SummaryBread wheat (Triticum aestivum) spike architecture is an important agronomic trait. The Q gene plays a key role in the domestication of bread wheat spike architecture. However, the regulatory mechanisms of Q expression and transcriptional activity remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that overexpression of bread wheat tae‐miR172 caused a speltoid‐like spike phenotype, reminiscent of that in wheat plants with the q gene. The reduction in Q transcript levels in the tae‐miR172 overexpression transgenic bread wheat lines suggests that the Q expression can be suppressed by tae‐miR172 in bread wheat. Indeed, our RACE analyses confirmed that the Q mRNA is targeted by tae‐miR172 for cleavage. According to our analyses, the Q protein is localized in nucleus and confers transcriptional repression activity. Meanwhile, the Q protein could physically interact with the bread wheat transcriptional co‐repressor TOPLESS (TaTPL). Specifically, the N‐terminal ethylene‐responsive element binding factor‐associated amphiphilic repression (EAR) (LDLNVE) motif but not the C‐terminal EAR (LDLDLR) motif of Q protein mediates its interaction with the CTLH motif of TaTPL. Moreover, we show that the N‐terminal EAR motif of Q protein is also essentially required for the transcriptional repression activity of Q protein. Taken together, we reveal the functional regulation of Q protein by tae‐miR172 and transcriptional co‐repressor TaTPL in controlling the bread wheat spike architecture.
Rational design of biosafe crop resistance to a range of nematodes using RNA interference
Authors: Roderick Hugh , Urwin Peter E. , Atkinson Howard J. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryDouble‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) molecules targeting two genes have been identified that suppress economically important parasitic nematode species of banana. Proteasomal alpha subunit 4 (pas‐4) and Actin‐4 (act‐4) were identified from a survey of sequence databases and cloned sequences for genes conserved across four pests of banana, Radopholus similis, Pratylenchus coffeae, Meloidogyne incognita and Helicotylenchus multicinctus. These four species were targeted with dsRNAs containing exact 21 nucleotide matches to the conserved regions. Potential off‐target effects were limited by comparison with Caenorhabditis, Drosophila, rat, rice and Arabidopsis genomes. In vitro act‐4 dsRNA treatment of R. similis suppressed target gene expression by 2.3‐fold, nematode locomotion by 66 ± 4% and nematode multiplication on carrot discs by 49 ± 5%. The best transgenic carrot hairy root lines expressing act‐4 or pas‐4 dsRNA reduced transcript message abundance of target genes in R. similis by 7.9‐fold and fourfold and nematode multiplication by 94 ± 2% and 69 ± 3%, respectively. The same act‐4 and pas‐4 lines reduced P. coffeae target transcripts by 1.7‐ and twofold and multiplication by 50 ± 6% and 73 ± 8%. Multiplication of M. incognita on the pas‐4 lines was reduced by 97 ± 1% and 99 ± 1% while target transcript abundance was suppressed 4.9‐ and 5.6‐fold. There was no detectable RNAi effect on nontarget nematodes exposed to dsRNAs targeting parasitic nematodes. This work defines a framework for development of a range of nonprotein defences to provide broad resistance to pests and pathogens of crops.
The added value of contemporary ultrasound technologies in the diagnosis of malignant tumours of the gastrointestinal system – a case report
Authors: Rübenthaler Johannes , Reiser Maximilian , Clevert Dirk-André 
Published: July 2017

Ultrasound of the gastrointestinal system has become more popular among clinicians and is an important tool for evaluation and follow-up. Ultrasound has a special value in patients with Crohn’s disease for the evaluation of disease activity but also for the evaluation of abdominal complications and shows comparable results to other imaging modalities. With the introduction of elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound into clinical routine, THE sonographic evaluation of the small bowel is even more sophisticated and even more precise. This case report summarizes all available modern ultrasound imaging technologies and highlights the possibilities in daily clinical use.
Monoclonal Antibodies, Derived from Humans Vaccinated with the RV144 HIV Vaccine Containing the HVEM Binding Domain of Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Glycoprotein D, Neutralize HSV Infection, Mediate Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity, and Protect Mice from Ocular Challenge with HSV-1
Authors: Wang Kening , Tomaras Georgia D. , Jegaskanda Sinthujan , Moody M. Anthony , Liao Hua-Xin , Goodman Kyle N. , Berman Phillip W. , Rerks-Ngarm Supachai , Pitisuttithum Punnee , Nitayapan Sorachai , Kaewkungwal Jaranit , Haynes Barton F. , Cohen Jeffrey I. 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT
The RV144 HIV vaccine trial included a recombinant HIV glycoprotein 120 (gp120) construct fused to a small portion of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein D (gD) so that the first 40 amino acids of gp120 were replaced by the signal sequence and the first 27 amino acids of the mature form of gD. This region of gD contains most of the binding site for HVEM, an HSV receptor important for virus infection of epithelial cells and lymphocytes. RV144 induced antibodies to HIV that were partially protective against infection, as well as antibodies to HSV. We derived monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) from peripheral blood B cells of recipients of the RV144 HIV vaccine and showed that these antibodies neutralized HSV-1 infection in cells expressing HVEM, but not the other major virus receptor, nectin-1. The MAbs mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), and mice that received the MAbs and were then challenged by corneal inoculation with HSV-1 had reduced eye disease, shedding, and latent infection. To our knowledge, this is the first description of MAbs derived from human recipients of a vaccine that specifically target the HVEM binding site of gD. In summary, we found that monoclonal antibodies derived from humans vaccinated with the HVEM binding domain of HSV-1 gD (i) neutralized HSV-1 infection in a cell receptor-specific manner, (ii) mediated ADCC, and (iii) reduced ocular disease in virus-infected mice.

IMPORTANCE
Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) causes cold sores and neonatal herpes and is a leading cause of blindness. Despite many trials, no HSV vaccine has been approved. Nectin-1 and HVEM are the two major cellular receptors for HSV. These receptors are expressed at different levels in various tissues, and the role of each receptor in HSV pathogenesis is not well understood. We derived human monoclonal antibodies from persons who received the HIV RV144 vaccine that contained the HVEM binding domain of HSV-1 gD fused to HIV gp120. These antibodies were able to specifically neutralize HSV-1 infection
in vitro
via HVEM. Furthermore, we showed for the first time that HVEM-specific HSV-1 neutralizing antibodies protect mice from HSV-1 eye disease, indicating the critical role of HVEM in HSV-1 ocular infection.