bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring the role of trees in the evolution of meander bends: The Tagliamento River, Italy
Authors: Zen Simone , Gurnell Angela M. , Zolezzi Guido , Surian Nicola 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTo date, the role of riparian trees in the formation of scroll bars, ridges, and swales during the evolution of meandering channels has been inferred largely from field observations with support from air photographs. In situ field observations are usually limited to relatively short periods of time, whereas the evolution of these morphological features may take decades. By combining field observations of inner bank morphology and overlying riparian woodland structure with a detailed historical analysis of airborne LiDAR data, panchromatic, and color images, we reconstruct the spatial and temporal evolution of the morphology and vegetation across four meander bends of the Tagliamento River, Italy. Specifically we reveal (i) the appearance of deposited trees and elongated vegetated patches on the inner bank of meander bends following flood events; (ii) temporal progression from deposited trees, through small to larger elongated vegetated patches (pioneer islands), to their coalescence into long, linear vegetated features that eventually become absorbed into the continuous vegetation cover of the riparian forest; and (iii) a spatial correspondence between the resulting scrolls and ridge and swale topography, and tree cover development and persistence. We provide a conceptual model of the mechanisms by which vegetation can contribute to the formation of sequence of ridges and swales on the convex bank of meander bends. We discuss how these insights into the biomorphological processes that control meander bends advance can inform modeling activities that aim to describe the lateral and vertical accretion of the floodplain during the evolution of vegetated river meanders.
Phosphine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Intermolecular Cross Rauhut–Currier Reaction of β‐Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted Enones and Vinyl Ketones
Authors: Tao Mengna , Zhou Wei , Zhang Junliang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe highly enantioselective N‐acylaminophosphine‐catalyzed challenging asymmetric intermolecular cross Rauhut–Currier reaction of vinyl ketones with β‐perfluoroalkyl enones is described, which provides a facile access to chiral multifunctional compounds bearing a perfluoroalkyl‐substituted stereocenter in good yields and ees.magnified image
Youth doing dangerous tasks: Supervision matters
Authors: Zierold Kristina M. 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundSupervisors are partially responsible for ensuring that teens are safe at work. The purpose of this study was to explore whether supervision is related to teens’ willingness to do a dangerous task at work.MethodsA mixed‐methods study consisting of focus groups and a cross‐sectional survey was conducted with teens from two public high schools.ResultsIf asked by a supervisor, 21% of working teens would do a dangerous task. After controlling for gender and age, teens whose supervisor did not establish weekly goals (AOR = 3.54, 95%CI = 1.55‐8.08), teens who perceived their supervisors as not approachable (AOR = 2.35, 95%CI = 1.34‐4.13), and teens who were not comfortable talking about safety issues (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI = 1.08‐3.61) were more likely to do a dangerous task if asked by their supervisors.ConclusionThis study indicates that how teens perceive their supervisor may be associated with whether teens do a dangerous task when asked by their supervisor.
Self‐Healable Organogel Nanocomposite with Angle‐Independent Structural Colors
Authors: Zhou Jinming , Han Peng , Liu Meijin , Zhou Haiyan , Zhang Yingxue , Jiang Jieke , Liu Peng , Wei Yu , Song Yanlin , Yao Xi 
Published: July 2017

AbstractStructural colors have profound implications in the fields of pigments, displays and sensors, but none of the current non‐iridescent photonic materials can restore their functions after mechanical damage. Herein, we report the first self‐healable organogel nanocomposites with angle‐independent structural colors. The organogel nanocomposites were prepared through the co‐assembly of oleophilic silica nanoparticles, silicone‐based supramolecular gels, and carbon black. The organogel system enables amorphous aggregation of silica nanoparticles and the angle‐independent structural colors in the nanocomposites. Moreover, the hydrogen bonding in the supramolecular gel provides self‐healing ability to the system, and the structural colored films obtained could heal themselves in tens of seconds to restore storage modulus, structural color, and surface slipperiness from mechanical cuts or shear failure repeatedly.
Effect of the Amount of Sludge on Physicochemical Properties and Chemical Structure of Low‐rank Coal under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Liu Meng , Cardoso Aderlanio , Zhao Liang , Duan Yufeng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSewage sludge mixed with Yunnan low‐rank coal was treated by hydrothermal treatment (HT) at mild temperature and high‐pressure conditions. The fuel characteristics and chemical structure of HT solid products were investigated to explore the synergistic effects between low‐rank coal and sludge. The results indicated that the fuel properties of HT solid products were negatively influenced as the amount of sludge increased, but there were synergistic positive effects on the content of volatile matter, fixed carbon, oxygen, and calorific value when the amount of sludge was more than 30 wt% in the HT at 300 °C. More hydrogen groups in sludge were involved in the hydrogen transfer reactions between the low‐rank coal and sludge, which promoted the occurrence of synergistic effects during the HT process. CO2 and H2 were the main gas products, but the yield of both gases produced by the HT of sewage sludge was significantly higher than that of low‐rank coal. The aromaticity of HT solid products reduced from 60.65% to 51.83%, and the aliphaticity increased from 39.35% to 48.17% when the amount of sludge increased from 10 to 70 wt%. © 2017 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Economic evaluation of antibiotic therapy versus appendicectomy for the treatment of uncomplicated acute appendicitis from the APPAC randomized clinical trial
Authors: Sippola S , Grönroos J , Tuominen R , Paajanen H , Rautio T , Nordström P , Aarnio M , Rantanen T , Hurme S , Salminen P 
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Background
An increasing amount of evidence supports antibiotic therapy for treating uncomplicated acute appendicitis. The objective of this study was to compare the costs of antibiotics alone versus appendicectomy in treating uncomplicated acute appendicitis within the randomized controlled APPAC (APPendicitis ACuta) trial.

Methods
The APPAC multicentre, non-inferiority RCT was conducted on patients with CT-confirmed uncomplicated acute appendicitis. Patients were assigned randomly to appendicectomy or antibiotic treatment. All costs were recorded, whether generated by the initial visit and subsequent treatment or possible recurrent appendicitis during the 1-year follow-up. The cost estimates were based on cost levels for the year 2012.

Results
Some 273 patients were assigned to the appendicectomy group and 257 to antibiotic treatment. Most patients randomized to antibiotic treatment did not require appendicectomy during the 1-year follow-up. In the operative group, overall societal costs (€5989·2, 95 per cent c.i. 5787·3 to 6191·1) were 1·6 times higher (€2244·8, 1940·5 to 2549·1) than those in the antibiotic group (€3744·4, 3514·6 to 3974·2). In both groups, productivity losses represented a slightly higher proportion of overall societal costs than all treatment costs together, with diagnostics and medicines having a minor role. Those in the operative group were prescribed significantly more sick leave than those in the antibiotic group (mean(s.d.) 17·0(8·3) (95 per cent c.i. 16·0 to 18·0) versus 9·2(6·9) (8·3 to 10·0) days respectively; P &lt; 0·001). When the age and sex of the patient as well as the hospital were controlled for simultaneously, the operative treatment generated significantly more costs in all models.

Conclusion
Patients receiving antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated appendicitis incurred lower costs than those who had surgery.
Telomerase reverse transcriptase germline mutations and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Donati Benedetta , Pietrelli Alessandro , Pingitore Piero , Dongiovanni Paola , Caddeo Andrea , Walker Lucy , Baselli Guido , Pelusi Serena , Rosso Chiara , Vanni Ester , Daly Ann , Mancina Rosellina Margherita , Grieco Antonio , Miele Luca , Grimaudo Stefania , Craxi Antonio , Petta Salvatore , De Luca Laura , Maier Silvia , Soardo Giorgio , Bugianesi Elisabetta , Colli Fabio , Romagnoli Renato , Anstee Quentin M. , Reeves Helen L. , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Fargion Silvia , Romeo Stefano , Valenti Luca 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn an increasing proportion of cases, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mutations in telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) are associated with familial liver diseases. The aim of this study was to examine telomere length and germline hTERT mutations as associated with NAFLD‐HCC. In 40 patients with NAFLD‐HCC, 45 with NAFLD‐cirrhosis and 64 healthy controls, peripheral blood telomere length was evaluated by qRT‐PCR and hTERT coding regions and intron–exon boundaries sequenced. We further analyzed 78 patients affected by primary liver cancer (NAFLD‐PLC, 76 with HCC). Enrichment of rare coding mutations (allelic frequency <0.001) was evaluated by Burden test. Functional consequences were estimated in silico and by over‐expressing protein variants in HEK‐293 cells. We found that telomere length was reduced in individuals with NAFLD‐HCC versus those with cirrhosis (P = 0.048) and healthy controls (P = 0.0006), independently of age and sex. We detected an enrichment of hTERT mutations in NAFLD‐HCC, that was confirmed when we further considered a larger cohort of NAFLD‐PLC, and was more marked in female patients (P = 0.03). No mutations were found in cirrhosis and local controls, and only one in 503 healthy Europeans from the 1000 Genomes Project (allelic frequency = 0.025 vs. <0.001; P = 0.0005). Mutations with predicted functional impact, including the frameshift Glu113Argfs*79 and missense Glu668Asp, cosegregated with liver disease in two families. Three patients carried missense mutations (Ala67Val in homozygosity, Pro193Leu and His296Pro in heterozygosity) in the N‐terminal template‐binding domain (P = 0.037 for specific enrichment). Besides Glu668Asp, the Ala67Val variant resulted in reduced intracellular protein levels. In conclusion, we detected an association between shorter telomeres in peripheral blood and rare germline hTERT mutations and NAFLD‐HCC.
Factors associated with progression in the London pathway project
Authors: Jolliffe Darrick , Cattell Jack , Raza Annabelle , Minoudis Philip 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe London Pathways Partnership (LPP) Community Service is an approach to mainstreaming the identification of offenders with severe personality disorder to address their needs and reduce their risk.AimsTo evaluate the result of the full‐scale implementation of the LPP and evaluate factors associated with an offender's progression on the pathway.MethodThe data collected as part of the LPP project and Offender Assessment System data were used to evaluate who was screened into the pathway and their progression on the pathway.ResultsOver 3,400 offenders were screened into the pathway in the first 48 months of implementation but fewer were recorded as having progressed. It was not possible to determine whether this attrition reflected appropriate pathway action, inefficient service provision or weak recording procedures. Certain types of offenders were represented at progressive stages of the pathway. Those who had violent or sexual offences, had received custodial sentences, had more personality disorder indicators and were of higher risk were more likely to be found at progressive stages of the pathway. When probation areas began implementing the service was also found to be related to pathway movement. Also, those of Non‐White ethnicity were no less likely than those of White ethnicity to be recommended or referred for services but were significantly less likely to start services.ConclusionsThe LPP attempts to balance breadth (covering all offenders being convicted in London) with depth (developing a feasible pathway for all offenders identified with severe personality disorder) and has done so with some success.ImplicationsFuture research should examine the continued rollout of the LPP service, and importantly the relationship between salient individual, risk and personality features, pathway inputs and measures of later reoffending. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unexpected papilledema in a young male with Type 1 diabetes
Authors: Paniagua Juan A. , Bahamondes Rodrigo , Cano‐Sánchez Antonio , Velasco Francisco 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageIn young patients with T1D, neurological manifestations of cerebral hypertension should suggest the possibility of a cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST). In these patients an inherited prothrombotic risk factor, including factor V Leiden G1691A gene mutation, should be considered during an event of thrombosis. Improving the glycemic control is the first factor that should be controlled in a patient who carries a genetic prothrombotic risk factor. Anticoagulant treatment should be started as son as CVST has been diagnosed. Long‐term antithrombotic treatment with tinzaparin 175 IU/kg/day, a low‐molecular weight heparin (LMWH), could be reliable and well tolerated, although an indefinite special follow‐up, including neurological controls, is advisable even in asymptomatic patients.
Skin nodule reveals lung cancer in a patient with granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Doberstein Taylor , Swick Brian L. , Singh Namrata 
Published: July 2017

Key Clinical MessageA 69‐year‐old male with granulomatosis with polyangiitis presented with new skin nodules. Skin biopsy showed metastatic poorly differentiated lung adenocarcinoma. The skin nodule was the initial presentation of his lung cancer. There is need for increased vigilance for cancer risk in ANCA‐associated vasculitis patients.
Active Platinum Nanoparticles as a Bifunctional Promoter for Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Lin Zejing , Li Xia , Huang Wenlong , Zhu Xi , Wang Yun , Shan Zhongqiang 
Published: July 2017

AbstractAs a widely used electrocatalyst in fuel cells, metallic platinum has achieved great success in terms of kinetic promotion. Still plagued by a familiar problem, owing to the sluggish kinetics of irreversible Li2S2/Li2S species deposition, lithium−sulfur batteries with high theoretical energy are far from being realized. Inspired by the similarity between oxygen and sulfur, being in the same group, commercially available Pt/C was investigated here to explore the possible effect on the sulfur cathode. The electrochemical tests show that the electrode with 2 wt% Pt added delivers a 61 % enhancement in the discharging specific capacity compared to the control electrode after 200 cycles at 0.5 C, along with an average coulombic efficiency of 98.3 %. It is proven that these beneficial results can be attributed to the favorable capability of polysulfide immobilization and effective inhibition of self‐discharging behavior. The ex situ XPS analysis and the increased exchange current density further reveal that the involved platinum nanoparticles could not only function as a static chemical absorber for polysulfide species, but, more importantly, to promote the redox kinetic effectively as an electrochemical catalyst. The positive effect of utilizing commercial Pt/C materials directly on sulfur cathodes is of great significance in developing sulfur cathodes for Li/S batteries.
Clinical, scintigraphic, and angiographic predictors of oxygen pulse abnormality in patients undergoing cardiopulmonary exercise testing
Authors: De Lorenzo Andrea , da Silva Carlito Lessa , Souza Fernando Cesar Castro , Serra Salvador , Marino Pablo , SL Lima Ronaldo 
Published: July 2017

BackgroundThe oxygen (O2) pulse curve obtained at cardiopulmonary exercise testing provides information on cardiorespiratory fitness and the presence of cardiovascular disease. O2 pulse abnormalities have been attributed to myocardial ischemia, among other conditions, but the predictors of abnormal O2 pulse curves are not completely known.HypothesisPerfusion abnormalities detected by myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) may be associated with abnormal O2 pulse curves.MethodsForty patients with normal left ventricular function underwent cardiopulmonary exercise testing with radiotracer injection at peak exercise, followed by MPS. The O2 pulse curves were classified as (A) normal; (B) probably normal (normal slope with lower peak value); (C) probably abnormal (flat, with low peak value); or (D) definitely abnormal (descending slope), and analyzed as A/B vs C/D. Coronary artery disease (CAD) was defined as >50% stenosis. MPS perfusion scores were calculated (summed rest score [SRS], indicating myocardial fibrosis; summed difference score, indicating ischemia).ResultsComparing patients with A/B vs C/D curves, the latter were more frequently female and had higher SRS. The prevalence of ischemic MPS, of any CAD, or multivessel CAD was not significantly different among patients with A/B or C/D curve patterns. On logistic regression, female sex, body mass index, and the SRS were significantly associated with C/D curves.ConclusionsFemale sex, increasing body mass index, and myocardial fibrosis were significant predictors of abnormal O2 pulse curves. Myocardial ischemia and the presence and extent of CAD were not associated with the abnormal patterns of the O2 pulse curve.
The influence of the noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) resection diagnosis on the false‐positive thyroid cytology rate relates to quality assurance thresholds and the application of NIFTP criteria
Authors: Ohori N. Paul , Wolfe Jenna , Carty Sally E. , Yip Linwah , LeBeau Shane O. , Berg Aaron N. , Schoedel Karen E. , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Seethala Raja R. 
Published: July 2017

BACKGROUNDNoninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) is a newly defined entity and recent studies have suggested a decrease of a few percentage points in the rate of malignancy (ROM) for the positive‐for‐malignancy (PFM) cytology category as a result of NIFTP implementation. However, the distinction between a diagnosis of PFM and one of suspicious for malignancy (SFM) may depend on a variety of factors. In the current study, the authors investigated the ROM for the PFM and SFM diagnoses before and after histologic NIFTP reclassification.METHODSCytology cases with PFM and SFM diagnoses and subsequent surgical resection specimens were searched in the files of the study institution from September 2008 to September 2016. The surgical pathology cases of noninvasive encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma were reexamined to determine whether they qualified for NIFTP. The distinct ROMs for the PFM and SFM cases were calculated accordingly.RESULTSThe authors' search identified 338 cases of PFM and 139 cases of SFM with a resection outcome. Before NIFTP reclassification, the PFM cases had a ROM of 99.4%; after NIFTP reclassification, the ROM was 99.1% (P = .6861). The ROM of the SFM cases decreased from 75.5% to 66.9% with NIFTP reclassification (P = .1402). One case in the PFM group and 6 cases in the SFM group could not be verified due to insufficient sampling.CONCLUSIONSIn the current large series, NIFTP reclassification did not appear to significantly alter the high ROM for the PFM diagnosis. The authors attribute this finding to a strict quality assurance policy, an emphasis on key cytologic criteria, and systematic application of the NIFTP criteria to follicular‐patterned lesions. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:692‐700. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Production and Potential Applications of Elemental Two‐Dimensional Materials beyond Graphene
Authors: Tsai Hsu‐Sheng , Liang Jenq‐Horng 
Published: July 2017

AbstractFollowing the rapid and extensive development of graphene, other elemental two‐dimensional (2D) materials have been regularly announced and it has been predicted that they possess significant potential for a variety of (opto)electronic devices. So far, the research reports on these 2D materials focus primarily on the growth or synthesis, but there are a few of reports concerning their use in device fabrication. In addition, most of the developed growth or synthesis methods still need to be improved for real applications. This review will include a comprehensive discussion and comparison of these methods, as well as the potential applications of these 2D materials.
Mitochondrial Ribosome (Mitoribosome) Profiling for Monitoring Mitochondrial Translation In Vivo
Authors: Couvillion Mary T. , Churchman L. Stirling 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTranslation in the mitochondria is regulated by mechanisms distinct from those acting in the cytosol and in bacteria, yet precise methods for investigating it have lagged behind. This unit describes an approach, mitochondrial ribosome (mitoribosome) profiling, to quantitatively monitor mitochondrial translation with high temporal and spatial resolution in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mitoribosomes are immunoprecipitated from whole‐cell lysate and the protected mRNA fragments are isolated. These fragments are then converted to sequencing libraries or analyzed by northern blot hybridization to reveal the distribution of mitoribosomes across the mitochondrial transcriptome. As information about RNA abundance is required to resolve translational from RNA effects, we also present an RNA sequencing approach that can be performed in parallel. Accurately capturing the biologically relevant distribution of mitoribosome positions depends on several critical parameters that are discussed. Application of mitoribosome profiling can reveal mechanisms of mitochondrial translational control that were not previously possible to uncover. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
CRISPR/Cas9‐Directed Gene Editing for the Generation of Loss‐of‐Function Mutants in High‐Throughput Zebrafish F0 Screens
Authors: Shankaran Sunita S. , Dahlem Timothy J. , Bisgrove Brent W. , Yost H. Joseph , Tristani‐Firouzi Martin 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe ability to perform reverse genetics in the zebrafish model organism has been greatly advanced with the advent of the CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas9 (CRISPR‐associated) system. The high level of efficiency in generating mutations when using the CRISPR/Cas9 system combined with the rapid generation time of the zebrafish model organism has made the possibility of performing F0 screens in this organism a reality. This unit describes a detailed protocol for performing an F0 screen using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in zebrafish starting with the design and production of custom CRISPR/Cas9 reagents for injection. Next, two approaches for determining the efficiency of mutation induction by the custom CRISPR/Cas9 reagents that are easily performed using standard molecular biology protocols are detailed. Finally, screening for F0 induced phenotypes using the zebrafish flh gene as an example is discussed. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.