bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Butyrate-producing bacteria supplemented in vitro to Crohn’s disease patient microbiota increased butyrate production and enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier integrity
Authors: Geirnaert Annelies , Calatayud Marta , Grootaert Charlotte , Laukens Debby , Devriese Sarah , Smagghe Guy , De Vos Martine , Boon Nico , Van de Wiele Tom 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe management of the dysbiosed gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is gaining more attention as a novel target to control this disease. Probiotic treatment with butyrate-producing bacteria has therapeutic potential since these bacteria are depleted in IBD patients and butyrate has beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function and overall gut health. However, studies assessing the effect of probiotic supplementation on microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions are rare. In this study, butyrate-producing bacteria (three mono-species and one multispecies mix) were supplemented to the fecal microbial communities of ten Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in an in vitro system simulating the mucus- and lumen-associated microbiota. Effects of supplementation in short-chain fatty acid levels, bacterial colonization of mucus environment and intestinal epithelial barrier function were evaluated. Treatment with F. prausnitzii and the mix of six butyrate-producers significantly increased the butyrate production by 5–11 mol%, and colonization capacity in mucus- and lumen-associated CD microbiota. Treatments with B. pullicaecorum 25-3T and the mix of six butyrate-producers improved epithelial barrier integrity in vitro. This study provides proof-of-concept data for the therapeutic potential of butyrate-producing bacteria in CD and supports the future preclinical development of a probiotic product containing butyrate-producing species.
Calcitriol reduces kidney development disorders in rats provoked by losartan administration during lactation
Authors: de Almeida Lucas Ferreira , Francescato Heloísa Della Coletta , da Silva Cleonice Giovanini Alves , Costa Roberto Silva , Coimbra Terezila Machado 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCalcitriol has important effects on cellular differentiation and proliferation, as well as on the regulation of the renin gene. Disturbances in renal development can be observed in rats exposed to angiotensin II (AngII) antagonists during lactation period. The lack of tubular differentiation in losartan-treated rats can affect calcitriol uptake. This study evaluated the effect of calcitriol administration in renal development disturbances in rats provoked by losartan (AngII type 1 receptor antagonist) administration during lactation. Animals exposed to losartan presented higher albuminuria, systolic blood pressure, increased sodium and potassium fractional excretion, and decreased glomerular filtration rate compared to controls. These animals also showed a decreased glomerular area and a higher interstitial relative area from the renal cortex, with increased expression of fibronectin, alpha-SM-actin, vimentin, and p-JNK; and an increased number of macrophages, p-p38, PCNA and decreased cubilin expression. Increased urinary excretion of MCP-1 and TGF-β was also observed. All these alterations were less intense in the losartan + calcitriol group.The animals treated with calcitriol showed an improvement in cellular differentiation, and in renal function and structure. This effect was associated with reduction of cell proliferation and inflammation.
Identification and characterization of the novel reversible and selective cathepsin X inhibitors
Authors: Fonović Urša Pečar , Mitrović Ana , Knez Damijan , Jakoš Tanja , Pišlar Anja , Brus Boris , Doljak Bojan , Stojan Jure , Žakelj Simon , Trontelj Jurij , Gobec Stanislav , Kos Janko 
Published: September 2017

AbstractCathepsin X is a cysteine peptidase involved in the progression of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. Targeting this enzyme with selective inhibitors opens a new possibility for intervention in several therapeutic areas. In this study triazole-based reversible and selective inhibitors of cathepsin X have been identified. Their selectivity and binding is enhanced when the 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine moiety is present as the R1substituent. Of a series of selected triazole-benzodioxine derivatives, compound22is the most potent inhibitor of cathepsin X carboxypeptidase activity (Ki = 2.45 ± 0.05 μM) with at least 100-fold greater selectivity in comparison to cathepsin B or other related cysteine peptidases. Compound22is not cytotoxic to prostate cancer cells PC-3 or pheochromocytoma PC-12 cells at concentrations up to 10 μM. It significantly inhibits the migration of tumor cells and increases the outgrowth of neurites, both processes being under the control of cathepsin X carboxypeptidase activity. Compound22and other characterized triazole-based inhibitors thus possess a great potential for further development resulting in severalin vivoapplications.
End-Cretaceous akaganéite as a mineral marker of Deccan volcanism in the sedimentary record
Authors: Font Eric , Carlut Julie , Rémazeilles Céline , Mather Tamsin A. , Nédélec Anne , Mirão José , Casale Sandra 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAn enigmatic chloride-rich iron (oxyhydr)oxide has been recently identified together with mercury anomalies in End-Cretaceous marine sediments coeval with the Deccan Traps eruptions. The mineral was observed in Bidart (France) and Gubbio (Italy), suggesting a widespread phenomenon. However, the exact nature and origin of this Cl-bearing mineral remained speculative. Here, we characterized the accurate composition and nanostructure of this chloride-rich phase by using micro-Raman spectroscopy, Transmission (TEM) and Scanning (SEM) Electron Microscopy on Focused Ion Beam foils. We also provide new evidence of its occurrence in Zumaia, a reference KPg section from Spain. Results confirm akaganéite (β-FeOOH) as the main phase, with chloride content of 3–5 atomic weight %. Akaganéite particles are constituted by the aggregation of nanorods of akaganéite. Internal structures contain empty spaces, suggesting formation in a low-density (atmospheric) environment. This new mineralogical evidence supports the hypothesis that the observed akaganéite was formed in the Deccan volcanic plume and was transported to the Atlantic and Tethysian realms through the stratosphere. Therefore, akaganéite provides a potential new sedimentary marker to identify the imprint of the Deccan eruptions in the stratigraphic record and is evidence of volcanic halogen degassing and its potential role for the Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction.
Was heißt eigentlich „alt sein“?
Authors: Rester Christian 
Published: September 2017

Zusammenfassung
Altern und Intensivstation Wir werden immer älter und damit anfälliger für Krankheiten, die zu einem Aufenthalt auf einer
Intensivstation führen können. Die Intensivpflege kann sich schon heute darauf einstellen, immer mehr ältere Menschen zu versorgen. Chance
und Herausforderung zugleich für die Pflegenden, die sich auf veränderte Patientenbedürfnisse, neue Therapieformen und eine veränderte
Geschwindigkeit in der Versorgung der älteren Patienten einstellen müssen.
Poor Performance on a Preoperative Cognitive Screening Test Predicts Postoperative Complications in Older Orthopedic Surgical Patients
Authors: Culley Deborah J. , Flaherty Devon , Fahey Margaret C. , Rudolph James L. , Javedan Houman , Huang Chuan-Chin , Wright John , Bader Angela M. , Hyman Bradley T. , Blacker Deborah , Crosby Gregory 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
The American College of Surgeons and the American Geriatrics Society have suggested that preoperative cognitive screening should be performed in older surgical patients. We hypothesized that unrecognized cognitive impairment in patients without a history of dementia is a risk factor for development of postoperative complications.

Methods
We enrolled 211 patients 65 yr of age or older without a diagnosis of dementia who were scheduled for an elective hip or knee replacement. Patients were cognitively screened preoperatively using the Mini-Cog and demographic, medical, functional, and emotional/social data were gathered using standard instruments or review of the medical record. Outcomes included discharge to place other than home (primary outcome), delirium, in-hospital medical complications, hospital length-of-stay, 30-day emergency room visits, and mortality. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results
Fifty of 211 (24%) patients screened positive for probable cognitive impairment (Mini-Cog less than or equal to 2). On age-adjusted multivariate analysis, patients with a Mini-Cog score less than or equal to 2 were more likely to be discharged to a place other than home (67% vs. 34%; odds ratio = 3.88, 95% CI = 1.58 to 9.55), develop postoperative delirium (21% vs. 7%; odds ratio = 4.52, 95% CI = 1.30 to 15.68), and have a longer hospital length of stay (hazard ratio = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.42 to 0.95) compared to those with a Mini-Cog score greater than 2.

Conclusions
Many older elective orthopedic surgical patients have probable cognitive impairment preoperatively. Such impairment is associated with development of delirium postoperatively, a longer hospital stay, and lower likelihood of going home upon hospital discharge.
Hemiepiphyseodesis for Juvenile and Adolescent Tibia Vara Utilizing Percutaneous Transphyseal Screws
Authors: Murphy Robert F. , Pacult Mark A. , Barfield William R. , Mooney James F. 
Published: September 2017

Background:
In juvenile and adolescent tibia vara patients with sufficient growth remaining, implant-controlled hemiepiphyseodesis, or guided growth, can be used to correct deformity. Recent reports have described hardware failure of certain hemiepiphyseodesis implants in overweight patients with tibia vara. We describe our experience using transphyseal screws to correct deformity in this patient population.

Methods:
A retrospective chart and radiograph review was conducted on all juvenile and adolescent tibia vara patients who underwent lateral proximal tibial hemiepiphyseodesis using a single transphyseal screw. Charts were queried for preoperative and postoperative mechanical axis deviation, medial proximal tibial angle, lateral distal femoral angle, and postoperative complications or need for further surgery.

Results:
In total, 14 affected limbs in 9 patients (6 males) who underwent lateral proximal tibial transphyseal screw hemiepiphyseodesis were considered. Average chronologic age at implantation was 10.4 years and average body mass index was 31.7 kg/m2. At average 23-month follow-up, the average mechanical axis deviation improved from 46 to 0 mm (P<0.001), and the average medial proximal tibial angle improved from 81 to 92 degrees (P<0.001). No limbs underwent further surgery to correct residual deformity. There were no complications or instances of implant failure associated with the transphyseal screws.

Conclusions:
Hemiepiphyseodesis using transphyseal screws is an effective technique to correct deformity in juvenile and adolescent tibia vara patients with sufficient growth remaining. This method can be used safely with few complications and with minimal risk of mechanical failure, even in overweight patients.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV—therapeutic.
Early Effects of Medicare's Bundled Payment for Care Improvement Program for Lumbar Fusion
Authors: Martin Brook I. , Lurie Jon D. , Farrokhi Farrokh R. , McGuire Kevin J. , Mirza Sohail K. 
Published: September 2017

Study Design.
Retrospective analysis of Medicare claims linked to hospital participation in the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation's episode-based Bundled Payment for Care Improvement (BPCI) program for lumbar fusion.

Objective.
To describe the early effects of BPCI participation for lumbar fusion on 90-day reimbursement, procedure volume, reoperation, and readmission.

Summary of Background Data.
Initiated on January 1, 2013, BPCI's voluntary bundle payment program provides a predetermined payment for services related to a Diagnosis-Related Group-defined “triggering event” over a defined time period. As an alternative to fee-for-service, these reforms shift the financial risk of care on to hospitals.

Methods.
We identified fee-for-service beneficiaries over age 65 undergoing a lumbar fusion in 2012 or 2013, corresponding to the years before and after BPCI initiation. Hospitals were grouped based on program participation status as nonparticipants, preparatory, or risk-bearing. Generalized estimating equation models adjusting for patient age, sex, race, comorbidity, and hospital size were used to compare changes in episode costs, procedure volume, and safety indicators based on hospital BPCI participation.

Results.
We included 89,605 beneficiaries undergoing lumbar fusion, including 36% seen by a preparatory hospital and 7% from a risk-bearing hospital. The mean age of the cohort was 73.4 years, with 59% women, 92% White, and 22% with a Charlson Comorbidity Index of 2 or more. Participant hospitals had greater procedure volume, bed size, and total discharges. Relative to nonparticipants, risk-bearing hospitals had a slightly increased fusion procedure volume from 2012 to 2013 (3.4% increase vs. 1.6% decrease, P = 0.119), did not reduce 90-day episode of care costs (0.4% decrease vs. 2.9% decrease, P = 0.044), increased 90-day readmission rate (+2.7% vs. −10.7%, P = 0.043), and increased repeat surgery rates (+30.6% vs. +7.1% points, P = 0.043).

Conclusion.
These early, unintended trends suggest an imperative for continued monitoring of BPCI in lumbar fusion.

Level of Evidence: 3
Bone Density Development of the Temporal Bone Assessed by Computed Tomography
Authors: Takahashi Kuniyuki , Morita Yuka , Ohshima Shinsuke , Izumi Shuji , Kubota Yamato , Horii Arata 
Published: September 2017

Hypothesis:
The temporal bone shows regional differences in bone development.

Background:
The spreading pattern of acute mastoiditis shows age-related differences. In infants, it spreads laterally and causes retroauricular swelling, whereas in older children, it tends to spread medially and causes intracranial complications. We hypothesized that bone maturation may influence the spreading pattern of acute mastoiditis.

Methods:
Eighty participants with normal hearing, aged 3 months to 42 years, participated in this study. Computed tomography (CT) values (Hounsfield unit [HU]) in various regions of the temporal bone, such as the otic capsule (OC), lateral surface of the mastoid cavity (LS), posterior cranial fossa (PCF), and middle cranial fossa (MCF), were measured as markers of bone density. Bone density development curves, wherein CT values were plotted against age, were created for each region. The age at which the CT value exceeded 1000 HU, which is used as an indicator of bone maturation, was calculated from the development curves and compared between the regions.

Results:
The OC showed mature bone at birth, whereas the LS, PCF, and MCF showed rapid maturation in early childhood. However, there were significant regional differences in the ages of maturation: 1.7, 3.9, and 10.8 years for the LS, PCF, and MCF, respectively.

Conclusion:
To our knowledge, this is the first report to show regional differences in the maturation of temporal bone, which could partly account for the differences in the spreading pattern of acute mastoiditis in individuals of different ages.
Evaluation of the Post Orthognathic Surgery Satisfaction: a Comparative Cross-Sectional Study of Patients Class II and III
Authors: Pereira Rafael Martins Afonso , Souza Gustavo Mota Mascarenhas de , Rocha Vanessa Alvares de Castro , Morimoto Susana , Tedesco Tamara Kerber , Mello-Moura Anna Carolina Volpi 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the degree of postoperative satisfaction regarding facial and dental esthetics, masticatory and respiratory function, and psychosocial factors in patients with dentofacial deformity Class II compared with Class III. The patients were divided into 2 groups with 50 patients in Group 1 (Class II) and 30 patients in Group 2 (Class III). Assessing the degree of postoperative satisfaction, the authors did not observe a significant difference between the groups in terms of improvements in the aesthetic and functional aspects and the psychological impact of the treatment. It can be concluded that regardless of the type of dentofacial changes, the treatment well indicated and conducted, results in significant positive effects on patients lives, both aesthetically and in the function, and psychosocial great benefit.
Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) promotes cardiac differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via activating ERK1/2 signaling
Authors: Zhang Fenxi , Wang Congrui , Lin Juntang , Wang Xianwei 
Published: September 2017

SummaryBackground/AimsThe differentiation efficiency of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSCs) is low in vivo after transplantation. Therefore, it is necessary to look for effective reagents for enhancing cardiac differentiation of BM‐MSCs. It has been reported that cardiac differentiation of stem cells depends on the activation of extracellular signal‐regulated protein 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling. Oxidized low‐density lipoprotein (ox‐LDL) is a potent reagent for ERK1/2 activation. This indicates that ox‐LDL may be a potential reagent to stimulate cardiac differentiation of stem cells. In this study, we investigated the effect of ox‐LDL on cardiac differentiation of BM‐MSCs and its relationship with ERK1/2 signaling.MethodsBM‐MSCs were isolated from mouse bone marrow, cultured in DMEM supplemented with 15% FBS, and passaged up to the 3rd passage. Following culture with 5 μg/mL ox‐LDL for 3 weeks, the cardiac differentiation of the 3rd passage BM‐MSCs was identified by immunostaining, Western blotting, and RT‐PCR assays for measuring the expression of cardiac‐specific markers. To further explore the role of ERK1/2 signaling in cardiac differentiation of BM‐MSCs, we simultaneously exposed BM‐MSCs to ERK1/2 inhibitor (U0126) and ox‐LDL, and identified the cardiac differentiation again.ResultsThe expressions of cardiac‐specific markers including α‐cardiac actin, α‐MHC, β‐MHC, ANP, and BNP were markedly increased in BM‐MSCs following treatment with ox‐LDL (P < .05), which indicates a directional differentiation of BM‐MSCs to cardiac cells. Further, ox‐LDL could also activate ERK1/2 in BM‐MSCs, and application of U0126 markedly inhibited ox‐LDL‐induced cardiac transformation of BM‐MSCs.ConclusionsOx‐LDL induces cardiac differentiation of BM‐MSCs via activation of ERK1/2 signaling.
Relationship between family history of type 2 diabetes and serum FGF21
Authors: Davis Greggory R. , Deville Tiffany , Guillory Joshua , Bellar David , Nelson Arnold G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundDetermining predictive markers for the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), particularly in young individuals, offers immense potential benefits in preventative medicine. Previous research examining serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) in humans has revealed equivocal relationships with clinical markers of metabolic dysfunction. However, it is unknown to what extent, if any, first‐degree family history of T2D (mother or father of the participant diagnosed with T2D) level affects serum FGF21 levels. The aim of this study was to determine whether in healthy individuals with FH+ (n = 18) and without FH‐ (n = 17) a family history of T2D affects serum FGF21.Materials and methodsFasting serum and clinical, metabolic and anthropometric measures were determined using a cross‐sectional design.ResultsDifferences between groups for FGF21 were not significant (FH+ = 266 pg/mL ± 51·4, FH = 180 pg/mL ± 29; Z = 0·97, P = 0·33). Adiponectin values were lower in FH+ (8·81 μg/mL ± 2·14) compared to FH‐ (10·65 μg/mL ± 1·44; F = 8·83, P = 0·01). Resistin was negatively correlated with FGF21 for all participants (r = −0·38, P = 0·03), but no other clinical, metabolic, or serum markers were predictive for serum FGF21 in FH+ or FH‐.ConclusionsSerum FGF21 is not significantly different between FH+ and FH‐ in young, healthy individuals. Based upon the data of this pilot study, it is unclear whether serum FGF21 can be used as a stand‐alone predictive marker for T2D in healthy subjects.
Pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma remains a diagnostic challenge using frozen sections: a clinicopathological analysis of 59 cases
Authors: Yang Cheng‐Han , Lee Li‐Yu 
Published: September 2017

AimsUsing intraoperative frozen sections to diagnose pulmonary sclerosing pneumocytoma is always challenging. However, an accurate diagnosis is needed to guide surgical management and prevent unnecessary treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the most frequently misdiagnosed histological patterns and evaluate the potential diagnostic pitfalls of using frozen sections.Methods and resultsWe reviewed retrospectively 59 cases of sclerosing pneumocytoma that underwent an intraoperative frozen section examination. All original frozen section slides and permanent section slides were reviewed. The rate of accurate diagnosis using frozen sections was 44.1%, the deferral rate was 15.3% and 10 cases (16.9%) were misdiagnosed as malignancy. A solid‐predominant pattern is misdiagnosed more frequently than other growth patterns. We also summarised the five major diagnostic pitfalls, including hypercellularity, glandular spaces, desmoplasia‐like sclerosis, cellular atypia and coagulative necrosis.ConclusionsIn addition to evaluating the tumour circumscription and identifying the various growth patterns, we propose that the key to avoiding a misdiagnosis is to recognise the dual‐cell populations in a tumour, i.e. cuboidal surface cells and stromal round cells.
Guidelines on radiographic imaging as part of root canal treatment: a systematic review with a focus on review imaging after treatment
Authors: Mahasneh S. A. , Horner K. , Cunliffe J. , Al‐Salehi S. , Sengupta A. , AlHadidi A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAimTo identify guidelines on endodontics which make recommendations relating to post‐root canal treatment radiological review imaging, to make an objective assessment of their quality using the AGREE tool and to examine the evidence cited in support of their recommendations.MethodologyThe primary sources to identify published guidelines were MEDLINE (Ovid®) and EMBASE. The search aim was to identify guidelines pertaining to the post‐root canal treatment follow‐up recommendations published from 1946 with the final search date being 26 June 2016. The primary search was supplemented by searching Internet search engines and several websites that might have guidelines. The guidelines obtained from the search end‐result were assessed for quality and scientific evidence using the AGREE II instrument. Similarities and differences in the recommendations were identified.ResultsThirty guidelines were identified, seven of which met the inclusion criteria. Two guidelines used and clearly described the methods for obtaining scientific evidence from which the recommendations were set. The recommendations varied, particularly as regards the timing of the first review radiograph. Some guidelines lacked supporting evidence.ConclusionsThe recommendations for post‐root canal treatment radiographic follow‐up varied amongst the identified guidelines. However, the methodology for obtaining the scientific evidence was poorly described in most of the guidelines. Guideline development groups should use the AGREE II instrument as a guide to produce higher quality guidelines.