bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adverse effects of a single dose of gentamicin in adults: a systematic review
Authors: Hayward Rachel S. , Harding Jan , Molloy Rob , Land Lucy , Longcroft‐Neal Kate , Moore David , Ross Jonathan D. C. 
Published: September 2017

AimsTo systematically review the frequency and type of adverse events associated with a single dose of intravenous or intramuscular gentamicin in adults, for any indication, in studies where a comparator was available.MethodsA review protocol was developed and registered (PROSPERO: CRD42013003229). Studies were eligible for review if they: recruited participants aged ≥16 years; used gentamicin intramuscularly or intravenously as a single one‐off dose; compared gentamicin to another medication or placebo; and monitored adverse events. MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, trial registries, conference proceedings and other relevant databases were searched up to November 2016. Risk of bias was assessed on all included studies.ResultsIn total, 15 522 records were identified. After removal of duplicates, screening of title/abstracts for relevance and independent selection of full texts by two reviewers, 36 studies were included. Across all the included studies, 24 107 participants received a single one‐off dose of gentamicin (doses ranged from 1 mg kg–1 to 480 mg per dose). Acute kidney injury was described in 2520 participants receiving gentamicin. The large majority of cases were reversible. There were no cases of ototoxicity reported in patients receiving gentamicin. A meta‐analysis was not performed due to study heterogeneity.ConclusionsA significant number of patients saw a transient rise in creatinine after a single dose of gentamicin at doses up to 480 mg. Persistent renal impairment and other adverse events were relatively rare.
Adaptive Designs for the One-sample Log-rank Test
Authors: Schmidt Rene , Faldum Andreas , Kwiecien Robert 
Published: September 2017

Summary
Traditional designs in phase IIa cancer trials are single-arm designs with a binary outcome, for example, tumor response. In some settings, however, a time-to-event endpoint might appear more appropriate, particularly in the presence of loss to follow-up. Then the one-sample log-rank test might be the method of choice. It allows to compare the survival curve of the patients under treatment to a prespecified reference survival curve. The reference curve usually represents the expected survival under standard of the care. In this work, convergence of the one-sample log-rank statistic to Brownian motion is proven using Rebolledo's martingale central limit theorem while accounting for staggered entry times of the patients. On this basis, a confirmatory adaptive one-sample log-rank test is proposed where provision is made for data dependent sample size reassessment. The focus is to apply the inverse normal method. This is done in two different directions. The first strategy exploits the independent increments property of the one-sample log-rank statistic. The second strategy is based on the patient-wise separation principle. It is shown by simulation that the proposed adaptive test might help to rescue an underpowered trial and at the same time lowers the average sample number (ASN) under the null hypothesis as compared to a single-stage fixed sample design.
Children's reasoning with peers in cooperative and competitive contexts
Authors: Domberg Andreas , Köymen Bahar , Tomasello Michael 
Published: September 2017

We report two studies that demonstrate how five‐ and seven‐year‐olds adapt their production of arguments to either a cooperative or a competitive context. Two games elicited agreements from peer dyads about placing animals on either of two halves of a playing field owned by either child. Children had to produce arguments to justify these decisions. Played in a competitive context that encouraged placing animals on one's own half, children's arguments showed a bias that was the result of withholding known arguments. In a cooperative context, children produced not only more arguments, but also more ‘two‐sided’ arguments. Also, seven‐year‐olds demonstrated a more frequent and strategic use of arguments that specifically refuted decisions that would favour their peers. The results suggest that cooperative contexts provide a more motivating context for children to produce arguments.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?

Reasoning is a social skill that allows people to reach joint decisions.

Preschoolers give reasons for their proposals in their peer conversations.

By adolescence, children use sophisticated arguments (e.g., refutations and rebuttals).

What the present study adds?

Cooperation offers a more motivating context for children's argument production.

Seven‐year‐olds are more strategic than five‐year‐olds in their reasoning with peers.

Children's reasoning with others becomes more sophisticated after preschool years.
Mobile collaborative language learning: State of the art
Authors: Kukulska‐Hulme Agnes , Viberg Olga 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis paper presents a review of mobile collaborative language learning studies published in 2012–16 with the aim to improve understanding of how mobile technologies have been used to support collaborative learning among second and foreign language students. We identify affordances, general pedagogical approaches, second‐ and foreign‐language pedagogical approaches, second language acquisition (SLA) principles and affective designs. The results indicate that affordances such as flexible use, continuity of use, timely feedback, personalisation, socialisation, self‐evaluation, active participation, peer coaching, sources of inspiration outdoors and cultural authenticity have been emphasised. These affordances were found to be particularly suited to promote social constructivism, which is often sustained by game‐based, task based and seamless learning. In terms of second and foreign language pedagogical approaches, the combination of individualised and collaborative learning prevails, along with task based, situated and communicative language learning, and raising orthographic awareness. Among SLA principles, negotiation of meaning and opportunities for feedback are highlighted. Affective aspects include increases in motivation, engagement and enjoyment, mutual encouragement, reduction in nervousness and embarrassment, and a few negative reports of risk of distraction, safety concerns, feelings of uncertainty and technical problems. The reviewed studies present a convincing case for the benefits of collaboration in mobile language learning.
Comparing species interaction networks along environmental gradients
Authors: Pellissier Loïc , Albouy Camille , Bascompte Jordi , Farwig Nina , Graham Catherine , Loreau Michel , Maglianesi Maria Alejandra , Melián Carlos J. , Pitteloud Camille , Roslin Tomas , Rohr Rudolf , Saavedra Serguei , Thuiller Wilfried , Woodward Guy , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Gravel Dominique 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTKnowledge of species composition and their interactions, in the form of interaction networks, is required to understand processes shaping their distribution over time and space. As such, comparing ecological networks along environmental gradients represents a promising new research avenue to understand the organization of life. Variation in the position and intensity of links within networks along environmental gradients may be driven by turnover in species composition, by variation in species abundances and by abiotic influences on species interactions. While investigating changes in species composition has a long tradition, so far only a limited number of studies have examined changes in species interactions between networks, often with differing approaches. Here, we review studies investigating variation in network structures along environmental gradients, highlighting how methodological decisions about standardization can influence their conclusions. Due to their complexity, variation among ecological networks is frequently studied using properties that summarize the distribution or topology of interactions such as number of links, connectance, or modularity. These properties can either be compared directly or using a procedure of standardization. While measures of network structure can be directly related to changes along environmental gradients, standardization is frequently used to facilitate interpretation of variation in network properties by controlling for some co‐variables, or via null models. Null models allow comparing the deviation of empirical networks from random expectations and are expected to provide a more mechanistic understanding of the factors shaping ecological networks when they are coupled with functional traits. As an illustration, we compare approaches to quantify the role of trait matching in driving the structure of plant–hummingbird mutualistic networks, i.e. a direct comparison, standardized by null models and hypothesis‐based metaweb. Overall, our analysis warns against a comparison of studies that rely on distinct forms of standardization, as they are likely to highlight different signals. Fostering a better understanding of the analytical tools available and the signal they detect will help produce deeper insights into how and why ecological networks vary along environmental gradients.
The need for spatially explicit quantification of benefits in invasive‐species management
Authors: Januchowski‐Hartley Stephanie R. , Adams Vanessa M. , Hermoso Virgilio 
Published: September 2017

AbstractWorldwide, invasive species are a leading driver of environmental change across terrestrial, marine, and freshwater environments and cost billions of dollars annually in ecological damages and economic losses. Resources limit invasive‐species control, and planning processes are needed to identify cost‐effective solutions. Thus, studies are increasingly considering spatially variable natural and socioeconomic assets (e.g., species persistence, recreational fishing) when planning the allocation of actions for invasive‐species management. There is a need to improve understanding of how such assets are considered in invasive‐species management. We reviewed over 1600 studies focused on management of invasive species, including flora and fauna. Eighty‐four of these studies were included in our final analysis because they focused on the prioritization of actions for invasive species management. Forty‐five percent (n = 38) of these studies were based on spatial optimization methods, and 35% (n = 13) accounted for spatially variable assets. Across all 84 optimization studies considered, 27% (n = 23) explicitly accounted for spatially variable assets. Based on our findings, we further explored the potential costs and benefits to invasive species management when spatially variable assets are explicitly considered or not. To include spatially variable assets in decision‐making processes that guide invasive‐species management there is a need to quantify environmental responses to invasive species and to enhance understanding of potential impacts of invasive species on different natural or socioeconomic assets. We suggest these gaps could be filled by systematic reviews, quantifying invasive species impacts on native species at different periods, and broadening sources and enhancing sharing of knowledge.
Entrepreneurial finance meets government investment at initial public offering: The role of minority state ownership
Authors: Wang Tang , Jiao Hao , Xu Zhijian , Yang Xiaoming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractManuscript TypeEmpiricalResearch Question/IssuePrior studies on the role of state investment tend to focus on either majority state ownership or aggregating majority and minority state ownership. Drawing upon signaling theory, we theorize that the negative intent signaled by minority state ownership reduces initial public offering (IPO) market performance. In addition, we hypothesize that founders as chief executive officers and outside directors not from state‐owned enterprises, representing the positive signal of intent, can attenuate the negative effect of minority state ownership.Research Findings/InsightsThe empirical results, based on 274 small and private firms in China's newly launched stock market, provide support for the hypotheses based on price premium, first‐day turnover rate, first‐day price increase, underpricing, and Tobin's Q.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsTo the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine how minority state ownership affects small and private firm IPO performance. It suggests new avenues of research on ownership structure and the principal‐principal problem in the corporate governance of emerging economies. This study reveals the distinctive nature and effect between controlling state ownership and minority state ownership. The current research also opens new avenues of research on applying signaling theory, signal of intent in particular, in an IPO study.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study reveals the negative intent signaled by minority state ownership in privately controlled firms at IPO due to the weak monitoring capacity, limited resource provision, and enhanced political interdependency between private controllers and minority state owners. As minority state ownership becomes a more salient phenomenon in emerging markets, it guides policy makers in governance choices for government‐funded firms.
Efficacy of constant load verification testing to confirm VO2max attainment
Authors: Astorino Todd A. , DeRevere Jamie 
Published: September 2017

SummaryAlthough maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) has been measured for almost 100 years, it is unknown when ‘true’ VO2max is attained. Primary (the VO2 plateau) and secondary criteria are used to confirm VO2max incidence, but frequency of the VO2 plateau varies, and secondary criteria are relatively invalid. The verification test (VER) seems to elicit similar estimates of VO2max versus the incremental value (INC), yet existing data are limited by small populations and use of inadequate criteria to confirm ‘true’ VO2max. We investigated the efficacy of VER by analysing data from 109 participants who underwent INC followed by VER at 105% or 110% of peak power output (PPO). Differences in VO2max between VER and INC were analysed, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of the mean (SEM) and minimum difference (MD) were computed. Results showed that VO2max was significantly higher (2%, P<0·05) in INC versus VER, VO2max was highly related between protocols (ICC = 0·99) and SEM and MD were low. However, 11% of participants did not reveal ‘true’ VO2max as the verification value was higher than INC by 3·0% ‐ 3·3%. Fitness level altered the difference in VO2max between INC and VER in study one, as lower fitness individuals showed a larger difference in VO2max between protocols, although gender did not affect the difference in VO2max between protocols. Our data show that VER does not verify ‘true’ VO2max in all individuals, which may be related to their fitness level.
RETRACTED: Long non‐coding RNA CRNDE sponges miR‐384 to promote proliferation and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells through upregulating IRS1
Authors: Wang Gang , Pan Jingen , Zhang Lu , Wei Yajun , Wang Cheng 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveColorectal neoplasia differentially expressed (CRNDE), a vital cancer‐related long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA), has been brought to reports for playing quintessential functions in the growth and progression of several human malignancies. Nevertheless, the expression as well as the functional mechanisms of CRNDE in pancreatic cancer is not known so for. This study aimed at investigating the biological and clinical importance of CRNDE in human pancreatic cancer.Materials and methodsThe expression levels of CRNDE in pancreatic cancer tissues as well as cell lines were identified with the help of quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR). Furthermore, the analysis of the relationship between CRNDE expression and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients with pancreatic cancer was also performed. Novel target of CRNDE was identified with the use of bioinformatics analysis and confirmed by a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Colorectal neoplasia differentially expressed was knocked down using siRNA in pancreatic cancer cells. Thereafter, cell proliferation, migration and invasion were examined. Tumour xenograft was created to explore the function of CRNDE in tumorigenesis in vivo.ResultsUpregulation of the expression of CRNDE was found in pancreatic cancer tissues as well as cell lines, in comparison with the adjacent non‐tumour tissues and human pancreatic duct epithelial cells. High expression of CRNDE was correlated with poor clinicpathological characteristics and shorter overall survival. We identified miR‐384 as a direct target for CRNDE. Moreover, the CRNDE knockdown considerably inhibited pancreatic cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion not only in vitro but also in vivo. In addition, CRNDE positively regulated IRS1 expression through sponging miR‐384.ConclusionsColorectal neoplasia differentially expressed performed an oncogenic function in cell proliferation as well as metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Our results suggest that CRNDE is likely to serve as an efficient therapeutic approach in respect of pancreatic cancer treatment.
Islet neuropeptide Y receptors are functionally conserved and novel targets for the preservation of beta‐cell mass
Authors: Franklin Zara J. , Tsakmaki Anastasia , Fonseca Pedro Patricia , King Aileen J. , Huang Guo Cai , Amjad Sakeena , Persaud Shanta J. , Bewick Gavin A. 
Published: September 2017

AimsTwo unmet therapeutic strategies for diabetes treatment are prevention of beta‐cell death and stimulation of beta‐cell replication. Our aim was to characterize the role of neuropeptide Y receptors in the control of beta‐cell mass.Materials and MethodsWe used endogenous and selective agonists of the NPY receptor system to explore its role in the prevention of beta‐cell apoptosis and proliferation in islets isolated from both mouse and human donors. We further explored the intra‐cellular signalling cascades involved, using chemical inhibitors of key signalling pathways. As proof of principle we designed a long‐acting analogue of [Leu31Pro34]‐NPY, an agonist of the islet‐expressed Y receptors, to determine if targeting this system could preserve beta‐cell mass in vivo.ResultsOur data reveal that NPY Y1, 4 and 5 receptor activation engages a generalized and powerful anti‐apoptotic pathway that protects mouse and human islets from damage. These anti‐apoptotic effects were dependent on stimulating a Gαi‐PLC‐PKC signalling cascade, which prevented cytokine‐induced NFkB signalling. NPY receptor activation functionally protected islets by restoring glucose responsiveness following chemically induced injury in both species. NPY receptor activation attenuated beta‐cell apoptosis, preserved functional beta‐cell mass and attenuated the hyperglycaemic phenotype in a low‐dose streptozotocin model of diabetes.ConclusionTaken together, our observations identify the islet Y receptors as promising targets for the preservation of beta‐cell mass. As such, targeting these receptors could help to maintain beta‐cell mass in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, and may also be useful for improving islet transplantation outcomes.
Focusing the diversity of Gardnerella vaginalis through the lens of ecotypes
Authors: Cornejo Omar E. , Hickey Roxana J. , Suzuki Haruo , Forney Larry J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractGardnerella vaginalis has long been associated with bacterial vaginosis, a condition that increases the risk of women to preterm birth, sexually transmitted infections, and other adverse sequelae. However, G. vaginalis is also commonly found in healthy asymptomatic women of all ages. This raises the question if genetic differences among strains might distinguish potentially pathogenic from commensal strains. To disentangle the diversity of G. vaginalis, we invoked the concept of ecotypes—lineages of genetically and ecologically distinct strains within a named species—to better understand their evolutionary history and identify functional characteristics. We compared the genomes of G. vaginalis to six species in the closely related Bifidobacterium genus and found that G. vaginalis has a large accessory genome relative to Bifidobacterium, including many unique genes possibly involved in metabolism, drug resistance, and virulence. We then performed a comparative genomic analysis of 35 strains of G. vaginalis to infer a phylogeny based on the combined analysis of the core genome, using nucleotide substitution models, and the accessory genome, using gene gain/loss models. With the inferred tree topology, we performed comparisons of functional gene content among lineages that diverged at varying depths in the phylogeny and found significant differences in the representation of genes putatively involved in pathogenicity. Our functional enrichment analysis suggests that some lineages of G. vaginalis may possess enhanced pathogenic capabilities, including genes involved in mucus degradation like sialidases, while others may be commensal strains, lacking many of these pathogenic capabilities. The combined phylogenetic evidence and functional enrichment analysis allowed us to identify distinct ecotypes that have evolved in G. vaginalis as the result of the differential gene gain/loss for specific functions, including the capability to cause disease. We finally discuss how this analysis framework could be used to gain insight into the etiology of bacterial vaginosis and improve diagnosis.
Paleolimnology and resurrection ecology: The future of reconstructing the past
Authors: Burge David R. L. , Edlund Mark B. , Frisch Dagmar 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPaleolimnologists have utilized lake sediment records to understand historical lake and landscape development, timing and magnitude of environmental change at lake, watershed, regional and global scales, and as historical datasets to target watershed and lake management. Resurrection ecologists have long recognized lake sediments as sources of viable propagules (“seed or egg banks”) with which to explore questions of community ecology, ecological response, and evolutionary ecology. Most researchers consider Daphnia as the primary model organism in these efforts, but many other aquatic biota, from viruses to macrophytes, similarly produce viable propagules that are incorporated in the sediment record but have been underutilized in resurrection ecology. The common goals shared by these two disciplines have led to mutualistic and synergistic collaborations—a development that must be encouraged to expand. We give an overview of the achievements of paleolimnology and the reconstruction of environmental history of lakes, review the untapped diversity of aquatic organisms that produce dormant propagules, compare Daphnia as a model of resurrection ecology with other organisms amenable to resurrection studies, especially diatoms, and consider new research directions that represent the nexus of these two fields.