bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scaling trends and performance evaluation of 2-dimensional polarity-controllable FETs
Authors: Resta Giovanni V. , Agarwal Tarun , Lin Dennis , Radu Iuliana P. , Catthoor Francky , Gaillardon Pierre-Emmanuel , De Micheli Giovanni 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTwo-dimensional semiconducting materials of the transition-metal-dichalcogenide family, such as MoS2 and WSe2, have been intensively investigated in the past few years, and are considered as viable candidates for next-generation electronic devices. In this paper, for the first time, we study scaling trends and evaluate the performances of polarity-controllable devices realized with undoped mono- and bi-layer 2D materials. Using ballistic self-consistent quantum simulations, it is shown that, with the suitable channel material, such polarity-controllable technology can scale down to 5 nm gate lengths, while showing performances comparable to the ones of unipolar, physically-doped 2D electronic devices.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel ursolic acid analogues as potential α-glucosidase inhibitors
Authors: Wu Pan-Pan , Zhang Bing-Jie , Cui Xi-Ping , Yang Yang , Jiang Zheng-Yun , Zhou Zhi-Hong , Zhong Ying-Ying , Mai Yu-Ying , Ouyang Zhong , Chen Hui-Sheng , Zheng Jie , Zhao Su-Qing , Zhang Kun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractUrsolic acid (UA) is a major pentacyclic triterpenoid in plants, vegetables and fruits, which has been reported to have a potential anti-diabetic activity. Despite various semi-synthetic ursolic acid derivatives already described, new derivatives still need to be designed and synthesized to further improve the anti-diabetic activity. In the present study, two series of novel UA derivatives, were synthesized and their structures were confirmed. The enzyme inhibition activities of semi-synthesized analogues against α-glucosidase were screened in vitro. The results indicated that most of UA derivatives showed a significant inhibitory activity, especially analogues UA-O-i with the IC50 values of 0.71 ± 0.27 μM, which was more potential than other analogues and the positive control. Furthermore, molecular docking studies were also investigated to verify the in vitro study. Structure modification at the C-3 and C-2 positions of UA was an effective approach to obtain the desired ligand from UA, whose structure was in accordance with the active pocket. Besides, suitable hydrophobic group at the position of C-2 might play an important role for the docking selectivity and binding affinity between the ligand and the homology modelling protein. These results could be helpful for designing more potential α-glucosidase inhibitors from UA in the future.
Molecular Therapy for Degenerative Disc Disease: Clues from Secretome Analysis of the Notochordal Cell-Rich Nucleus Pulposus
Authors: Matta Ajay , Karim M. Zia , Isenman David E. , Erwin W. Mark 
Published: March 2017

AbstractDegenerative disc disease (DDD) is associated with spinal pain often leading to long-term disability. However, the non-chondrodystrophic canine intervertebral disc is protected from the development of DDD, ostensibly due to its retention of notochordal cells (NC) in the nucleus pulposus (NP). In this study, we hypothesized that secretome analysis of the NC-rich NP will lead to the identification of key proteins that delay the onset of DDD. Using mass-spectrometry, we identified 303 proteins including components of TGFβ- and Wnt-signaling, anti-angiogeneic factors and proteins that inhibit axonal ingrowth in the bioactive fractions of serum free, notochordal cell derived conditioned medium (NCCM). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed TGFβ1 and CTGF as major hubs in protein interaction networks.In vitrotreatment with TGFβ1 and CTGF promoted the synthesis of healthy extra-cellular matrix proteins, increased cell proliferation and reduced cell death in human degenerative disc NP cells. A single intra-discal injection of recombinant TGFβ1 and CTGF proteins in a pre-clinical rat-tail disc injury model restored the NC and stem cell rich NP. In conclusion, we demonstrate the potential of TGFβ1 and CTGF to mitigate the progression of disc degeneration and the potential use of these molecules in a molecular therapy to treat the degenerative disc.
Fluorescence based real time monitoring of fouling in process chromatography
Authors: Pathak Mili , Lintern Katherine , Chopda Viki , Bracewell Daniel G. , Rathore Anurag S. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractA real time monitoring of fouling in liquid chromatography has been presented. The versatility of the approach has been proven by successful implementation in three case studies with an error <1%. The first application demonstrates the monitoring of protein A ligand density and foulant concentration for assessing performance of protein A chromatography resin during purification of monoclonal antibodies. The observations have been supported from LC-MS/MS studies that were independently performed. The second application involves monitoring of foulant deposition during multimode cation exchange chromatography based purification of human serum albumin. Finally, in the third application, monitoring of foulants during multimodal hydrophobic interaction chromatography of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor is demonstrated. In all three cases, it is observed that the fluorescence intensity consistently increases with resin reuse as more foulants are deposited over time. The proposed approach can be readily used for real time monitoring of fouling and process control.
Influence of human population movements on urban climate of Beijing during the Chinese New Year holiday
Authors: Zhang Jingyong , Wu Lingyun 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe population movements for the Chinese New Year (CNY) celebrations, known as the world’s largest yearly migration of human beings, have grown rapidly in the past several decades. The massive population outflows from urban areas largely reduce anthropogenic heat release and modify some other processes, and may thus have noticeable impacts on urban climate of large cities in China. Here, we use Beijing as an example to present observational evidence for such impacts over the period of 1990–2014. Our results show a significant cooling trend of up to 0.55 °C per decade, particularly at the nighttime during the CNY holiday relative to the background period. The average nighttime cooling effect during 2005–2014 reaches 0.94 °C relative to the 1990s, significant at the 99% confidence level. The further analysis supports that the cooling during the CNY holiday is attributable primarily to the population outflow of Beijing. These findings illustrate the importance of population movements in influencing urban climate despite certain limitations. As the world is becoming more mobile and increasingly urban, more efforts are called for to understand the role of human mobility at various spatial and temporal scales.
Cilia distribution and polarity in the epithelial lining of the mouse middle ear cavity
Authors: Luo Wenwei , Yi Hong , Taylor Jeannette , Li Jian-dong , Chi Fanglu , Todd N. Wendell , Lin Xi , Ren Dongdong , Chen Ping 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThe middle ear conducts sound to the cochlea for hearing. Otitis media (OM) is the most common illness in childhood. Moreover, chronic OM with effusion (COME) is the leading cause of conductive hearing loss. Clinically, COME is highly associated with Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia, implicating significant contributions of cilia dysfunction to COME. The understanding of middle ear cilia properties that are critical to OM susceptibility, however, is limited. Here, we confirmed the presence of a ciliated region near the Eustachian tube orifice at the ventral region of the middle ear cavity, consisting mostly of a lumen layer of multi-ciliated and a layer of Keratin-5-positive basal cells. We also found that the motile cilia are polarized coordinately and display a planar cell polarity. Surprisingly, we also found a region of multi-ciliated cells that line the posterior dorsal pole of the middle ear cavity which was previously thought to contain only non-ciliated cells. Our study provided a more complete understanding of cilia distribution and revealed for the first time coordinated polarity of cilia in the epithelium of the mammalian middle ear, thus illustrating novel structural features that are likely critical for middle ear functions and related to OM susceptibility.
Influence of partial substitution for carbon black with graphene oxide on dynamic properties of natural rubber composites
Authors: Zhang Huan , Wei Yintao , Kang Zhenran , Zhao Guizhe , Liu Yaqing 
Published: March 2017

Nanosheets of graphene oxide (GO) were incorporated into natural rubber (NR) to investigate the influence of the partial substitution for carbon black (CB) with GO on the crosslink structure and properties of NR composites. The results show that the dispersion of the fillers was improved by a few GO nanosheets instead of CB. The dynamic and static mechanical properties were improved by using a few GO nanosheets worth of substitution content. The NR/CB/GO (NG) composites show the lowest heat buildup value when the load of nanosheets is 1 phr, which corresponds to only 9°C. However, the comprehensive performance of the composites was poor, or even deteriorated, as the GO tended to aggregate due to the high concentrations.
PL of low‐density InAs/GaAs quantum dots with different bimodal populations
Authors: Wang Ying , Sheng Xinzhi , Liu Yao , Liang Baolai , Li Xiaoli , Guo Qinglin , Mazur Yuriy I. , Ware Morgan E. , Salamo Gregory J. 
Published: March 2017

Optical response of the indium arsenide (InAs)/gallium arsenide (GaAs) quantum dots (QDs) with a bimodal distribution is investigated through varying an initial GaAs capping layer between 35 and 18 monolayers. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements confirm that a thinner initial capping layer can reduce the QD dimensions and also modify the population ratio between the large QDs and the small QDs. Therefore, PL quenching related to QD dimension and carrier transfer between the bimodal QD populations has been affected. Manipulation of the initial GaAs capping layer provides a feasible approach to tailor the formation and optical performance of InAs QDs for optoelectronic device applications.
Spinal Intramedullary Tuberculosis
Authors: Varghese Prithvi , Abdul Jalal Muhammed , Kandathil Julio , Mathew Iona 
Published: March 2017

AbstractTuberculosis of the central nervous system accounts for approximately 1% of all cases of tuberculosis and 50% of these involve the spine. Intramedullary involvement is rare in tuberculosis. Clinical presentation of spinal intramedullary tuberculosis (SIMT) is similar to intramedullary spinal cord tumor. Here, we report the case of a 49-year-old female with dull aching pain of both upper limbs of 1-week duration. On examination, she had no motor deficits. All the deep tendon reflexes were normal. The plantar responses were flexor bilaterally. Cervical spine imaging favored intramedullary tumor. She had partial relief of symptoms with steroid treatment. Repeat imaging done 1 month later revealed mild interval enlargement of the intramedullary lesions and multiple enlarged mediastinal and hilar nodes. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology of mediastinal nodes was suggestive of granulomatous inflammation. Hence, SIMT was considered as the probable diagnosis. The patient was started on antituberculosis therapy.
Die medizinische Rehabilitation als attraktives Arbeitsfeld für Ärztinnen und Ärzte? – Eine qualitative Befragung
Authors: Lederle Mareike , Kotzjan Priscilla , Niehues Christiane , Brüggemann Silke , Bitzer Eva-Maria 
Published: March 2017

Zusammenfassung
Im deutschen Gesundheitssystem gibt es einen zunehmenden Wettbewerb bei der Rekrutierung von Fachpersonal, insbesondere für die medizinische Rehabilitation, die als weniger attraktiv angesehen wird. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht daher die Attraktivität des Arbeitsfeldes der medizinischen Rehabilitation aus der Sicht des ärztlichen Personals.
Wir haben 16 leitfadengestützte Interviews mit Ärztinnen und Ärzten aus 7 Reha-Einrichtungen unterschiedlicher fachlicher Ausrichtung geführt. Die Interviews wurden digitalisiert, transkribiert und nach der strukturierenden Inhaltsanalyse mithilfe der Analysesoftware MAXQDA 11 ausgewertet.
Identifiziert wurden 745 Codes mit den übergeordneten Kategorien „Attraktivität“, „Ungünstige Aspekte“ und „Besonderheiten“ der Rehabilitation. Die Befragten schätzten im Vergleich zur Akutmedizin vor allem das planbare, flexible und mit weniger Zeitdruck verbundene Arbeiten in der medizinischen Rehabilitation. Neben der Arbeit mit den Rehabilitandinnen und Rehabilitanden erwies sich die Zusammenarbeit in einem interdisziplinären Team als bedeutsamer Faktor. Zu den Besonderheiten der Rehabilitation gehört die im Vergleich zur Akutmedizin höhere Relevanz des bio-psycho-sozialen Modells von Gesundheit und Krankheit sowie der höhere Kommunikations- und Organisationsbedarf.
Die medizinische Rehabilitation ist ein attraktives Arbeitsfeld für Ärztinnen und Ärzte, ein Merkmal, das in der Außendarstellung stärker als bisher genutzt werden sollte.
Efficacy, long-term toxicity, and mechanistic studies of gold nanorods photothermal therapy of cancer in xenograft mice
Authors: Ali Moustafa R. K. , Rahman Mohammad Aminur , Wu Yue , Han Tiegang , Peng Xianghong , Mackey Megan A. , Wang Dongsheng , Shin Hyung Ju , Chen Zhuo G. , Xiao Haopeng , Wu Ronghu , Tang Yan , Shin Dong M. , El-Sayed Mostafa A. 
Published: March 2017

Significance
This is a systematic in vivo study of gold nanorods (AuNRs)-assisted plasmonic photothermal therapy (AuNRs-PPTT) for cancer. We have optimized the properties of our AuNRs and the conditions of PPTT to achieve maximal induction of tumor apoptosis. To examine the molecular mechanisms of action of AuNRs-PPTT, we used quantitative proteomics to study protein expression levels in mouse tumor tissues and found the apoptosis pathway to be significantly perturbed. We report a long-term toxicity study (up to 15 months in the mouse model) that showed no toxicity of the AuNRs. Together, these data suggest that our AuNRs-PPTT has potential as an approach to cancer therapy.
The threat of intergenerational extortion: on the temptation to become the climate mafia, masquerading as an intergenerational Robin Hood
Authors: Gardiner Stephen M. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractThis paper argues that extortion is a clear threat in intergenerational relations, and that the threat is manifest in some existing proposals in climate policy and latent in some background tendencies in mainstream moral and political philosophy. The paper also claims that although some central aspects of the concern about extortion might be pursued in terms of the entitlements of future generations, this approach is likely to be incomplete. In particular, intergenerational extortion raises issues about the appropriate limits to the sway of central values such as welfare and distributive justice. We should be wary of ways in which such values invite us to buy off, or perhaps to join, an intergenerational climate Mafia.
Patients’ Knowledge and Attitudes Towards Regular Alcohol Urine Screening: A Survey Study
Authors: Barrio Pablo , Teixidor Lídia , Ortega Lluisa , Balcells Mercè , Vieta Eduard , Gual Antoni 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Despite its wide implementation, there is a paucity of data supporting the effectiveness of regular alcohol urine screening (RAUS) in maintaining abstinence. This study aims at investigating if RAUS serves other purposes, what attitudes patients display towards it, and patients’ technical knowledge about basic screening notions.

Method:
We conducted a cross-sectional survey among adults with alcohol dependence, attending outpatient alcohol-dependence treatment. It aimed at investigating patients’ attitudes and beliefs towards RAUS, and technical notions of alcohol urine screening. For attitude assessment, we adapted the Drug Attitude Inventory (DAI-10) to the field of alcohol urine screening. Internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity were evaluated for the adapted questionnaire.

Results:
In all, 128 patients completed the questionnaire. Patients rated RAUS as high. The DAI-10 mean score was 7.2 (SD = 3.6). Internal consistency analysis revealed a Cronbach alpha of 0.718. Test-retest reliability evaluation yielded an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.932. The score of a single Likert-type question about overall perceived value was 8.5 (SD = 2). Their correlation with mean DAI-10 score was of r = 0.254, with P = 0.009. Apart from relapse prevention, patients frequently reported other functions such as showing professionals and family members that they do not drink, or having a closer contact with professionals. A majority of patients believed alcohol use goes undetected after 48 hours from last ingestion.

Conclusion:
Regular alcohol screening is highly valued by alcohol outpatients. It seems that apart from relapse prevention, other functions related to therapeutic alliance building, social desirability, and impression management also play a key role.
BIRD ATTACK OCULAR INJURIES
Authors: Tabatabaei Seyed Ali , Soleimani Mohammad , Behrouz Mahmoud Jabbarvand 
Published: March 2017

Background/Purpose:
To report 30 patients with bird attack–related eye injuries.

Methods:
This study was performed among patients coming to Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, from 2010 to 2015 with a history of bird attack causing eye injury. The inclusion criteria were a history of bird attack by pecking causing eye injury and having treatment and follow-up record for at least 6 months after treatment. The primary eye examinations included a full ophthalmic examination including evaluation of uncorrected visual acuity and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), anterior segment slit lamp biomicroscopy, and photography. For all patients with penetrating injury, primary repair was undertaken.

Results:
Thirty patients (10 females and 20 males) with a mean age of 23.3 ± 18.5 years entered the study. The most common zone of injury was zone 1 (P < 0.001), and lensectomy was not needed in majority of patients (P < 0.001). The most common bird causing the injury was mynah (P < 0.001). Those patients with baseline BCVA of less than 20/200 or those with endophthalmitis had statistically worse final BCVA after treatment. Patients attacked by mynah bird had significantly better pretreatment uncorrected visual acuity and BCVA.

Conclusion:
The most common bird causing the eye injury among the sample of patients from Iran was mynah, which differs with previous studies indicating the rooster attack as the most common cause of eye injury. The authors also found that the most common zone of injury was zone 1, and the presence of endophthalmitis and lower baseline BCVA were significant risk factors for worse visual outcomes.
Breast Milk Transforming Growth Factor β Is Associated With Neonatal Gut Microbial Composition
Authors: Sitarik Alexandra R. , Bobbitt Kevin R. , Havstad Suzanne L. , Fujimura Kei E. , Levin Albert M. , Zoratti Edward M. , Kim Haejin , Woodcroft Kimberley J. , Wegienka Ganesa , Ownby Dennis R. , Joseph Christine L.M. , Lynch Susan V. , Johnson Christine C. 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTBackground and Objectives:Breast milk is a complex bioactive fluid that varies across numerous maternal and environmental conditions. Although breast‐feeding is known to affect neonatal gut microbiome, the milk components responsible for this effect are not well‐characterized. Given the wide range of immunological activity breast milk cytokines engage in, we investigated 3 essential breast milk cytokines and their association with early life gut microbiota.Methods:A total of 52 maternal‐child pairs were drawn from a racially diverse birth cohort based in Detroit, Michigan. Breast milk and neonatal stool specimens were collected at 1‐month postpartum. Breast milk transforming growth factor (TGF)β1, TGFβ2, and IL‐10 were assayed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, whereas neonatal gut microbiome was profiled using 16S rRNA sequencing.Results:Individually, immunomodulators TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 were significantly associated with neonatal gut microbial composition (R2 = 0.024, P = 0.041; R2 = 0.026, P = 0.012, respectively) and increased richness, evenness, and diversity, but IL‐10 was not. The effects of TGFβ1 and TGFβ2, however, were not independent of one another, and the effect of TGFβ2 was stronger than that of TGFβ1. Higher levels of TGFβ2 were associated with the increased relative abundance of several bacteria, including members of Streptococcaceae and Ruminococcaceae, and lower relative abundance of distinct Staphylococcaceae taxa.Conclusions:Breast milk TGFβ concentration explains a portion of variability in gut bacterial microbiota composition among breast‐fed neonates. Whether TGFβ acts in isolation or jointly with other bioactive components to alter bacterial composition requires further investigation. These findings contribute to an increased understanding of how breast‐feeding affects the gut microbiome—and potentially immune development—in early life.
Semicircular canals inAnolislizards: ecomorphological convergence and ecomorph affinities of fossil species
Authors: Dickson Blake V. , Sherratt Emma , Losos Jonathan B. , Pierce Stephanie E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAnolislizards are a model system for the study of adaptive radiation and convergent evolution. Greater Antillean anoles have repeatedly evolved six similar forms or ecomorphs: crown-giant, grass-bush, twig, trunk, trunk-crown, and trunk-ground. Members of each ecomorph category possess a specific set of morphological, ecological and behavioural characteristics which have been acquired convergently. Here we test whether the semicircular canal system – the organ of balance – is also convergent among ecomorphs, reflecting the shared sensory requirements of their ecological niches. As semicircular canal shape has been shown to reflect different locomotor strategies, we hypothesised that eachAnolisecomorph would have a unique canal morphology. Using 3D semilandmarks and geometric morphometrics, semicircular canal shape was characterised in 41Anolisspecies from the Greater Antilles and the relationship between canal shape and ecomorph grouping, phylogenetic history, size, and perch characteristics was assessed. Further, canal morphology of modern species was used to predict the ecomorph affinity of five fossil anoles from the Miocene of the Dominican Republic. Our study recovered ecomorph as the single-most important covariate of canal morphology in modern taxa; although phylogenetic history and size also showed a small, yet significant correlation with shape. Surprisingly, perch characteristics were not found to be significant covariates of canal shape, even though they are important habitat variables. Using posterior probabilities, we found that the fossil anoles have different semicircular canals shapes to modern ecomorph groupings implying extinct anoles may have been interacting with their Miocene environment in different ways to modernAnolisspecies.