bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Panel 1: Epidemiology and Diagnosis
Authors: Homøe Preben , Kværner Kari , Casey Janet R. , Damoiseaux Roger A. M. J. , van Dongen Thijs M. A. , Gunasekera Hasantha , Jensen Ramon G. , Kvestad Ellen , Morris Peter S. , Weinreich Heather M. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo create a literature review between 2011 and June 1, 2015, on advances in otitis media (OM) epidemiology and diagnosis (including relevant audiology studies).Data SourcesElectronic search engines (PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) with a predefined search strategy.Review MethodsArticles with appropriate epidemiologic methodology for OM, including acute mastoiditis and eustachian tube dysfunction. Items included OM worldwide and in high‐risk populations, OM‐related hearing loss, news in OM diagnostics, prenatal risk factors and comorbidities, postnatal risk factors, genetics, microbiological epidemiology, guidelines, and quality of life.ConclusionsDiagnostic evidence and genetic studies are increasing; guidelines are introduced worldwide; and there is evidence of benefit of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. New risk factors and comordities are identified in the study period, and quality of life is affected in children and their families.Implications for PracticeChronic suppurative OM occurs worldwide and contributes to lifelong hearing loss. Uniform definitions are still lacking and should be provided. An association between HIV and chronic suppurative OM has been found. Tympanometry is recommended for diagnosis, with or without pneumatic otoscopy. Video otoscopy, algorithms, and validated questionnaires may assist clinicians. Childhood obesity is associated with OM. Heritability accounts for 20% to 50% of OM diagnoses. OM‐prone children seem to produce weaker immunologic responses to pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Clinicians tend to individualize treatment without adhering to guidelines.
Panel 2: Anatomy (Eustachian Tube, Middle Ear, and Mastoid—Anatomy, Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Pathogenesis)
Authors: Alper Cuneyt M. , Luntz Michal , Takahashi Haruo , Ghadiali Samir N. , Swarts J. Douglas , Teixeira Miriam S. , Csákányi Zsuzsanna , Yehudai Noam , Kania Romain , Poe Dennis S. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveIn this report, we review the recent literature (ie, past 4 years) to identify advances in our understanding of the middle ear–mastoid–eustachian tube system. We use this review to determine whether the short‐term goals elaborated in the last report were achieved, and we propose updated goals to guide future otitis media research.Data SourcesPubMed, Web of Science, Medline.Review MethodsThe panel topic was subdivided, and each contributor performed a literature search within the given time frame. The keywords searched includedmiddle ear, eustachian tube, andmastoidfor their intersection withanatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, andpathology. Preliminary reports from each panel member were consolidated and discussed when the panel met on June 11, 2015. At that meeting, the progress was evaluated and new short‐term goals proposed.ConclusionsProgress was made on 13 of the 20 short‐term goals proposed in 2011. Significant advances were made in the characterization of middle ear gas exchange pathways, modeling eustachian tube function, and preliminary testing of treatments for eustachian tube dysfunction.Implications for PracticeIn the future, imaging technologies should be developed to noninvasively assess middle ear/eustachian tube structure and physiology with respect to their role in otitis media pathogenesis. The new data derived from these structure/function experiments should be integrated into computational models that can then be used to develop specific hypotheses concerning otitis media pathogenesis and persistence. Finally, rigorous studies on medical or surgical treatments for eustachian tube dysfunction should be undertaken.
Panel 8: Report on Recent Advances in Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry
Authors: Preciado Diego , Granath Anna , Lin Jizhen , Val Stéphanie , Kurabi Arwa , Johnston Nikki , Vijayasekaran Shyan , Valdez Tulio , Depireux Didier , Hermansson Ann 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesTo update the medical literature on recent cellular and molecular advances in otitis media disease models with a principal focus on developments in the past 5 years. We also aim to explain recent translational advances in cellular and molecular biology that have influenced our understanding and management of otitis media.Data SourcesPubMed‐indexed peer‐reviewed articles.Review MethodsA comprehensive review of the literature was conducted with the term otitis media and the following search terms: molecular biology, cell biology, innate immunity, oxidative stress, mucins, molecular diagnostics. Included articles were published in the English language from January 1, 2010, to July 31, 2015.Implications for PracticeThe molecular understanding of otitis media disease progression has rapidly advanced over the last 5 years. The roles of inflammation, mucins, and cell signaling mechanisms have been elucidated and defined. Advances in the field provide a plethora of opportunities for innovative molecular targeting in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for otitis media.
Panel 5: Immunology
Authors: Kyd Jennelle M. , Hotomi Muneki , Kono Masamitsu , Kurabi Arwa , Pichichero Michael , Ryan Allen , Swords W. Edward , Thornton Ruth 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveTo perform a state‐of‐the‐art review of the literature from January 2012 through May 2015 on studies that advanced our knowledge of the innate and adaptive immunology related to otitis media. This review also proposes future directions for research in this area.Data SourcesPubMed database of the National Library of Medicine.Review MethodsThree subpanels comprising experts in the field focused on sections relevant to cytokines, innate immunity, and adaptive immunity. The review focused on animal, cell line, and human studies and was critical in relation to the recommendations from the previous publication and for determination of the proposed goals and priorities. The panel met at the 18th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2015 to consolidate its prior search results and discuss, plan, and refine the review. The panel approved the final draft.ConclusionFrom 2012 to 2014, tremendous progresses in immunology of otitis media were established—especially in the areas of innate immunity associated with the pathogenesis of otitis media.Implications for PracticeThe advances of the past 4 years formed the basis for a series of short‐ and long‐term research goals in an effort to guide the field. Accomplishing these goals will provide opportunities for the development of novel interventions, including new ways to better treat and prevent otitis media, especially for recurrent otitis media.
Panel 3: Genetics and Precision Medicine of Otitis Media
Authors: Lin Jizhen , Hafrén Hena , Kerschner Joseph , Li Jian‐Dong , Brown Steve , Zheng Qing Y. , Preciado Diego , Nakamura Yoshihisa , Huang Qiuhong , Zhang Yan 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThe objective is to perform a comprehensive review of the literature up to 2015 on the genetics and precision medicine relevant to otitis media.Data SourcesPubMed database of the National Library of Medicine.Review MethodsTwo subpanels were formed comprising experts in the genetics and precision medicine of otitis media. Each of the panels reviewed the literature in their respective fields and wrote draft reviews. The reviews were shared with all panel members, and a merged draft was created. The entire panel met at the 18th International Symposium on Recent Advances in Otitis Media in June 2015 and discussed the review and refined the content. A final draft was made, circulated, and approved by the panel members.ConclusionMany genes relevant to otitis media have been identified in the last 4 years in advancing our knowledge regarding the predisposition of the middle ear mucosa to commensals and pathogens. Advances include mutant animal models and clinical studies. Many signaling pathways are involved in the predisposition of otitis media.Implications for PracticeNew knowledge on the genetic background relevant to otitis media forms a basis of novel potential interventions, including potential new ways to treat otitis media.
Staged Surgery for Advanced Thyroid Cancers: Safety and Oncologic Outcomes of Neural Monitored Surgery
Authors: Salari Behzad , Hammon Rebecca J. , Kamani Dipti , Randolph Gregory W. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectiveThyroidectomy with extensive multicompartment bilateral neck dissections for advanced‐stage thyroid cancer may lead to increased risk of complications, including bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis and hypoparathyroidism. A planned staged approach derived from a detailed preoperative radiographic map is associated with a low complication profile. This study evaluates oncologic results and safety of neural monitored, staged thyroid cancer surgery for management of advanced thyroid cancer.Study DesignCase series with chart review.SettingTertiary care center.Subjects and MethodsWith institutional review board approval, 35 consecutive patients with advanced thyroid malignancy and extensive nodal disease managed with staged surgery between January 2004 and May 2013 by the senior author (G.W.R.) were identified, and the oncologic and surgical outcomes were reviewed.ResultsIn total, 37.2% of patients had stage III or IV disease, with extrathyroidal extension in 71.4%, vascular invasion in 51.4%, and RLN invasion in 17% of patients. A total of 34% patients had positive lymph nodes in more than 5 nodal compartments; the average positive lymph node yield was 17, and extranodal extension was present in 51%. Three patients had RLN sacrifice, and there were no other cases of temporary or permanent RLN paralysis; permanent hypoparathyroidism and chyle leak occurred in one patient each. Locoregional recurrence occurred in 5.7% of patients after a 147‐week mean follow‐up. In patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma, median postoperative nonstimulated and stimulated thyroglobulin levels were 0.2 and 0.75 ng/mL, respectively.ConclusionA neural monitored, staged surgical approach was conducted without significant adverse events in this small sample and represents and effective alternative strategy option to simultaneous bilateral surgery in the management of thyroid cancer with extensive neck metastases.
The Placenta: Applications in Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
Authors: McIntyre James Alexander , Jones Ian A. , Danilkovich Alla , Vangsness C. Thomas 
Published: April 2017

Background: Placenta has a long history of use for treating burns and wounds. It is a rich source of collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins, tissue reparative growth factors, and stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Recent data show its therapeutic potential for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. Purpose: To provide orthopaedic surgeons with an anatomic description of the placenta, to characterize its cellular composition, and to review the literature reporting the use of placenta-derived cells and placental tissue allografts for orthopaedic sports medicine indications in animal models and in humans. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: Using a total of 63 keyword combinations, the PubMed and MEDLINE databases were searched for published articles describing the use of placental cells and/or tissue for orthopaedic sports medicine indications. Information was collected on placental tissue type, indications, animal model, study design, treatment regimen, safety, and efficacy outcomes. Results were categorized by indication and subcategorized by animal model. Results: Outcomes for 29 animal studies and 6 human studies reporting the use of placenta-derived therapeutics were generally positive; however, the placental tissue source, clinical indication, and administration route were highly variable across these studies. Fourteen animal studies described the use of placental tissue for tendon injuries, 13 studies for osteoarthritis or articular cartilage injuries, 3 for ligament injuries, and 1 for synovitis. Both placenta-derived culture-expanded cells (epithelial cells or MSCs) and placental tissue allografts were used in animal studies. In all human studies, commercial placental allografts were used. Five of 6 human studies examined the treatment of foot and ankle pathological conditions, and 1 studied the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Conclusion: A review of the small number of reported studies revealed a high degree of variability in placental cell types, placental tissue preparation, routes of administration, and treatment regimens, which prohibits making any definitive conclusions. Currently, the clinical use of placenta is limited to only commercial placental tissue allografts, as there are no placenta-derived biological drugs approved for the treatment of orthopaedic sports medicine conditions in the United States. However, this review shows that the application of placental cells or tissue allografts appears to be safe and has potential to improve outcomes for orthopaedic sports medicine indications.
From Conflictual Systems to a Society of Peace: Nonviolence facing organized evil
Authors: Mancini Roberto 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThis article is focused on the relation between peace and nonviolence. It claims that the main challenge for peace comes from the power of structural violence. This is the main form of evil in history. Today structural violence is at work in the political and economic global systems. They obey a logic of conflict. The exercise of nonviolence can avoid the tendency to transform the connection between violence, evil, dehumanization, and great organizational systems into a destiny. The dynamic that is needed to effect this is to move from the primacy of automatism in political and market power to the primacy of human consciousness. Experiences such as reconciliation, democratic growth, restorative justice, and harmonization with the natural world should be considered as the effects of this systemic translation to nonviolence.
Innate Immune Function and Organ Failure Recovery in Adults With Sepsis
Authors: Maddux Aline B. , Hiller Terra D. , Overdier Katherine H. , Pyle Laura L. , Douglas Ivor S. 
Published: April 2017

Purpose: Sepsis stimulates pro- and anti-inflammatory immune responses. The innate immune response is critical to organ injury repair. We tested for an association between innate immune function and organ function recovery in a prospective cohort of immune-competent adults with sepsis. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study enrolling immune-competent adults with sepsis. We tested innate immune function by quantification of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α production capacity in whole blood samples on hospital days 1, 4, and 6. The primary outcome was organ function recovery on day 4 defined as a 4-point decrease in the composite cardiovascular and respiratory Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score components or a SOFA score ≤2. Results: Patients with sepsis who recovered organ function by day 4 (n = 11) had similar baseline characteristics when compared to those with ongoing organ failure (n = 13). Tumor necrosis factor α production capacity was similar between the 2 groups on hospital days 1 and 4 but significantly different on day 6. Patients who regained organ function recovery had significantly higher TNF-α production capacity on day 6 ( P = .01), which persisted after adjustment for age, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, and steroid administration ( P = .03). There was no difference in TNF-α production capacity over time in those who survived to hospital discharge versus nonsurvivors. Conclusion: Increasing TNF-α production capacity is associated with improved organ failure recovery. Further studies are needed to evaluate a causal association between innate immune suppression and organ failure recovery as well as predictive accuracy for hospital survival. Impaired TNF-α production as a marker of sepsis-associated innate immune dysfunction may be a feasible target for immune stimulation to decrease time to organ failure recovery.
Is Money Supply Exogenous? Evidence from India
Authors: Dash Santosh Kumar 
Published: April 2017

Against the backdrop of the claim that the rising growth rate of money is one of the major factors behind India’s recent bout of elevated and sticky inflation, this article asks: Is money supply exogenous or endogenous, and can it predict future inflation. This question is investigated using the monetarist framework of inflation. In the empirical analysis of data spanning from 1970–71 to 2009–10, the results of both the monetarist and the error-correction models suggest that money supply accounts for inflation in India. There is also the presence of an error-correction mechanism among money, inflation and output. However, a monetarist equation does not tell anything about causality. Thus, the vector autoregression (VAR) method is used to detect the direction of causality between money supply and the inflation rate. Findings from Granger causality tests suggest weak evidence of inflation (Granger) causing money supply. As a robustness check, we estimate VAR models using quarterly data and, further, using core inflation. The results of the causality tests from the quarterly data, the impulse response function and forecast error variance decomposition suggest that money supply is weakly endogenous. JEL Classification: E31, E51, E52
Risk Configuration of S&P 500 Industries: Sigma-risk and Alpha-risk Approximation
Authors: Günay Samet 
Published: April 2017

Since the pioneering studies of Mandelbrot, a great deal of interest has arisen for the parameters of fractal finance theory. With this in mind, the present study attempts to examine the risk composition of S&P 500 index industries through panel data analysis. In the modelling of industries’ stock return risk, we use internal and external variables which are related to the companies’ financial ratios and stock market movements. In the first section (sigma-risk) of the study, we model the stock return risk through standard deviation, while in the second section (alpha-risk), the alpha parameter of stable distributions has been used for the same purpose. Panel data analysis results demonstrate that in the sigma-risk model for the healthcare industry, there is a significant internal variable (roa) that negatively affects the industry risk. However, for the alpha-risk model, some significant variables are obtained for the service industry. Another important finding is the changing level of market risk under the two models. While in the sigma-risk model, the magnitude of the market (external) risk variable is high, under the alpha-risk model, we have seen that market risk is relatively low despite the fact that it still has the highest effect on industry risk. JEL Classification: C33, G10, G30, G32
Single-center retrospective review of ultrasound-accelerated versus traditional catheter-directed thrombolysis for acute lower extremity deep venous thrombosis
Authors: Lu Tony , Loh Thomas M , El-Sayed Hosam F , Davies Mark G 
Published: April 2017

Objective Systemic anticoagulation remains the standard for acute lower extremity (LE) deep venous thrombosis (DVT), but growing interest in catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) and its potential to reduce the incidence of post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) has led to advent of ultrasound-accelerated CDT (US-CDT). Few studies to date have examined the outcomes of US-CDT against traditional CDT (T-CDT). Methods This is a retrospective, single-center review of all patients treated for acute LE DVT over a five-year period with either US- and T-CDT. Patients were stratified based on demographics, presentation, co-morbidities, risk factors, and peri-procedural data. Results Seventy-six limbs in 67 patients were treated; 51 limbs in 42 patients were treated with US-CDT, and 25 limbs in 25 patients were treated with T-CDT. Adjuncts include: pharmacomechanical thrombolysis ( n = 28 vs. 20, p = 0.04), angioplasty ( n = 22 vs. 18, p = 0.11), stenting ( n = 30 vs. 6, p ≤ 0.001), and IVC filter insertion ( n = 5 vs. 0, p = 0.07). Mean lysis times were 21 ± 1.7 and 24 ± 1.8 h for US- and T-CDT, respectively ( p = 0.26). Thirty (25 ultrasound, 5 traditional) limbs had complete lysis. Thirty-one (22 ultrasound, 9 traditional) limbs had incomplete lysis. Fifteen (4 ultrasound, 11 traditional) limbs had ineffective lysis ( p = 0.002 in favor of ultrasound). Four patients (3 US-CDT, 1 T-CDT) had recurrent ipsilateral thrombosis within 30 days ( p = 0.60). By Kaplan-Meier analysis, there were no significant difference between primary patency, primary-assisted patency, secondary patency, re-thrombosis, and recurrent symptoms at 6, 12, and 24 months. Conclusion US-CDT does not significantly improve mid-term patencies but results in greater acute clot burden reduction in patients with acute LE DVTs compared to T-CDT, which may be beneficial in reducing the long-term incidence of PTS.
Thrombectomy accessibility after transfer from a primary stroke center: Analysis of a three-year prospective registry
Authors: Sablot Denis , Gaillard Nicolas , Smadja Philippe , Bonnec Jean-Marie , Bonafe Alain 
Published: April 2017

Background No comprehensive study exists about mechanical thrombectomy accessibility for patients admitted to a primary stroke center without onsite interventional neuroradiology service. Aims To evaluate mechanical thrombectomy accessibility within 6 h after transfer from a primary stroke center to a distant (156 km apart; 1.5 h by car) comprehensive stroke center. Methods Analysis of data collected in a three-year prospective registry on patients admitted to a primary stroke center within 4.5 h after symptom onset and selected for transfer to a comprehensive stroke center for mechanical thrombectomy. Eligible patients had confirmed proximal arterial occlusion and no large cerebral infarction on MRI images (DWI-ASPECTS ≥ 5). The rate of transfer, transfer without mechanical thrombectomy, mechanical thrombectomy, reperfusion (TICI score ≥ 2b-3), and the main relevant time measures were determined. Results Among the 385 patients selected for intravenous thrombolysis and/or potential mechanical thrombectomy, 211 were considered as transferrable for mechanical thrombectomy. The rate of transfer was 56.4% (n = 119/211), transfer without mechanical thrombectomy 56.3% (n = 67/119), mechanical thrombectomy 24.6% (n = 52/211), and reperfusion by MT (TICI score 2b/3) 18% (n = 38/211). The relevant median times (interquartile range) were: 130 min (62) for intravenous thrombolysis start to comprehensive stroke center door, 95 minutes (39) for primary stroke center door-out to comprehensive stroke center door-in, 191 min (44) for intravenous thrombolysis start to mechanical thrombectomy puncture, 354 min (107) for symptom onset to mechanical thrombectomy puncture and 417 min (124) for symptom onset to recanalization. Conclusions Our study suggests that transfer to a distant comprehensive stroke center is associated with reduced access to early mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute ischemic stroke and large artery occlusion. These results could be translated to other high volume distant primary stroke center.