bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel high‐temperature combustion interface for compound‐specific stable isotope analysis of carbon and nitrogen via high‐performance liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry
Authors: Federherr E. , Willach S. , Roos N. , Lange L. , Molt K. , Schmidt T. C. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractRationaleIn aqueous samples compound‐specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) plays an important role. No direct method (without sample preparation) for stable nitrogen isotope analysis (δ15N SIA) of non‐volatile compounds is known yet. The development of a novel HPLC/IRMS interface based on high‐temperature combustion (HTC) for both δ13C and δ15N CSIA and its proof of principle are described in this study.MethodsTo hyphenate high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) a modified high‐temperature combustion total organic carbon analyzer (HTC TOC) was used. A system to handle a continuously large amount of water (three‐step drying system), favorable carrier and reaction gas mix and flow, an efficient high‐temperature‐based oxidation and subsequent reduction system and a collimated beam transfer system were the main requirements to achieve the necessary performance.ResultsThe proof of principle with caffeine solutions of the system succeeded. In this initial testing, both δ13C and δ15N values of tested compounds were determined with precision and trueness of ≤0.5 ‰. Further tests resulted in lower working limit values of 3.5 μgC for δ13C SIA and 20 μgN for δ15N SIA, considering an accuracy of ±0.5 ‰ as acceptable.ConclusionsThe development of a novel HPLC/IRMS interface resulted in the first system reported to be suitable for both δ13C and δ15N direct CSIA of non‐volatile compounds. This highly efficient system will probably open up new possibilities in SIA‐based research fields. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes of a virtual‐reality simulator‐training programme on basic surgical skills in robot‐assisted laparoscopic surgery
Authors: Phé Véronique , Cattarino Susanna , Parra Jérôme , Bitker Marc‐Olivier , Ambrogi Vanina , Vaessen Christophe , Rouprêt Morgan 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of the virtual‐reality robotic simulator in training programmes has not been clearly evaluated. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of a virtual‐reality robotic simulator‐training programme on basic surgical skills.MethodsA simulator‐training programme in robotic surgery, using the da Vinci Skills Simulator, was evaluated in a population including junior and seasoned surgeons, and non‐physicians. Their performances on robotic dots and suturing‐skin pod platforms before and after virtual‐simulation training were rated anonymously by surgeons experienced in robotics.Results39 participants were enrolled: 14 medical students and residents in surgery, 14 seasoned surgeons, 11 non‐physicians. Junior and seasoned surgeons’ performances on platforms were not significantly improved after virtual‐reality robotic simulation in any of the skill domains, in contrast to non‐physicians.ConclusionsThe benefits of virtual‐reality simulator training on several tasks to basic skills in robotic surgery were not obvious among surgeons in our initial and early experience with the simulator. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A structurally plastic ribonucleoprotein complex mediates post‐transcriptional gene regulation in HIV‐1
Authors: Fernandes Jason D. , Booth David S. , Frankel Alan D. 
Published: March 2016

HIV replication requires the nuclear export of essential, intron‐containing viral RNAs. To facilitate export, HIV encodes the viral accessory protein Rev which binds unspliced and partially spliced viral RNAs and creates a ribonucleoprotein complex that recruits the cellular Chromosome maintenance factor 1 export machinery. Exporting RNAs in this manner bypasses the necessity for complete splicing as a prerequisite for mRNA export, and allows intron‐containing RNAs to reach the cytoplasm intact for translation and virus packaging. Recent structural studies have revealed that this entire complex exhibits remarkable plasticity at many levels of organization, including RNA folding, protein–RNA recognition, multimer formation, and host factor recruitment. In this review, we explore each aspect of plasticity from structural, functional, and possible therapeutic viewpoints. WIREs RNA 2016, 7:470–486. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1342This article is categorized under:

RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA–Protein Complexes
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein–RNA Interactions: Functional Implications
RNA Export and Localization > Nuclear Export/Import
Drosophila Fed ARA and EPA Yields Eicosanoids, 15S‐Hydroxy‐5Z,8Z, 11Z, 13E‐Eicosatetraenoic Acid, and 15S‐Hydroxy‐5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z‐Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Authors: Tan Liangliang , Xin Xiaoxuan , Zhai Liang , Shen Lirong 
Published: March 2016

AbstractDrosophila melanogaster has been a widely used as a model system for its powerful genetic tools. However, it remains to be illustrated if Drosophila can be used to examine the biochemical and physiological metabolism of eicosanoids. Thus, the analysis on the metabolism of C20 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in Drosophila was implemented with high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Fatty acid (FA) analysis of the whole body, head, and thorax‐abdomen in Drosophila showed C20 PUFA could only be found in Drosophila fed diets supplemented with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), but not in Drosophila fed base diets. The C20 PUFA were found in abundance in the head. Drosophila fed ARA‐ and EPA‐supplemented diets yielded 15S‐hydroxy‐5Z,8Z,11Z,13E‐eicosatetraenoic acid [15(S)‐HETE] and 15S‐hydroxy‐5Z,8Z,11Z,13E,17Z‐eicosapentaenoic acid [15(S)‐HEPE], respectively, while other sampled eicosanoids could not be detected. Similar results were obtained by incubating fly tissue supplemented with ARA or EPA. Furthermore, a genome sequence scan indicated that no gene encoding the key enzymes synthesizing eicosanoids were found in Drosophila. These findings demonstrate that Drosophila may possess a special lipid metabolic system, which is different from mammals.
A New Antioxidant Active Film Based on HDPE and Peppermint Essential Oil for Packaging Soybean Oil
Authors: Fayaz Dastgerdi Goly , Goli Sayed Amir Hossein , Kadivar Mahdi 
Published: March 2016

AbstractIn this research, the effect of antioxidant active package was studied on oxidative stability of soybean oil at 40 °C during 2‐month storage. A synthetic antioxidant [Butylatedhydroxytoluene (BHT), 200 ppm] and peppermint essential oil (200 and 400 ppm) were added to antioxidant free soybean oil. To prepare active packages, the oil was filled in antioxidant active high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles containing synthetic antioxidant (3700 ppm) and the essential oil (3700 and 8400 ppm). Regarding peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values, the essential oil added to the oil delayed the oil oxidation more than BHT. In active packages, the synthetic and natural antioxidants migrated from the package to the oil (with 68 and 100 % migration rate, respectively) and retarded its oxidation over the storage time. However, no significant difference was observed between essential oil and BHT in antioxidant capacity for active packages. This study demonstrated that active packages containing antioxidants could be introduced as a good replacement for direct addition of synthetic antioxidants to the oil.
Role of Estrogens and Estrogen-Like Compounds in Female Sexual Function and Dysfunction
Authors: Santoro Nanette , Worsley Roisin , Miller Karen K. , Parish Sharon J. , Davis Susan R. 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionSex steroids are important in female sexual function and dysfunction.AimTo review the role of estrogens in the physiology and pathophysiology of female sexual functioning and the evidence for efficacy of estrogen therapy for female sexual dysfunction to update the previously published International Society of Sexual Medicine Consensus on this topic.MethodsPanel members reviewed the published literature using online databases for studies pertaining to estrogen in female sexual function and dysfunction. Attention was specifically given to clinical trials that had reported on sexual function outcomes in women treated with estrogen.Main Outcome MeasuresQuality of data published in the literature and recommendations were based on the GRADES system.ResultsObservational studies that have considered relationship factors and physical or mental health have reported that these factors contribute more to sexual functioning than menopausal status or estrogen levels. Few clinical trials have investigated estrogen therapy with sexual function as a primary outcome. The available data do not support systemic estrogen therapy for the treatment of female sexual dysfunction. Topical vaginal estrogen therapy improves sexual function in postmenopausal women with vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA) and is considered first-line treatment of VVA. Oral ospemifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, is effective for the treatment of VVA and might have independent systemic effects on female sexual function.ConclusionFor sexual problems, the treatment of VVA remains the most pertinent indication for estrogen therapy. When systemic symptoms are absent, estrogen therapy ideally can be administered by a vaginal preparation alone. Systemic estrogen therapy with combined estrogen and progestin in non-hysterectomized women is indicated for women who require treatment for vasomotor and/or other systemic estrogen deficiency symptoms. The improvement in well-being achieved by relief of vasomotor and other symptoms might improve libido in some women and abrogate further intervention.
Conceptualization of the Sexual Response Models in Men: Are There Differences Between Sexually Functional and Dysfunctional Men?
Authors: Connaughton Catherine , McCabe Marita , Karantzas Gery 
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACTIntroductionResearch to validate models of sexual response empirically in men with and without sexual dysfunction (MSD), as currently defined, is limited.AimTo explore the extent to which the traditional linear or the Basson circular model best represents male sexual response for men with MSD and sexually functional men.MethodsIn total, 573 men completed an online questionnaire to assess sexual function and aspects of the models of sexual response. In total, 42.2% of men (242) were sexually functional, and 57.8% (331) had at least one MSD. Models were built and tested using bootstrapping and structural equation modeling.Main Outcome MeasuresFit of models for men with and without MSD.ResultsThe linear model and the initial circular model were a poor fit for men with and without MSD. A modified version of the circular model demonstrated adequate fit for the two groups and showed important interactions between psychological factors and sexual response for men with and without MSD.ConclusionMale sexual response was not represented by the linear model for men with or without MSD, excluding possible healthy responsive desire. The circular model provided a better fit for the two groups of men but demonstrated that the relations between psychological factors and phases of sexual response were different for men with and without MSD as currently defined.
Seric and hepatic NTPDase and 5′ nucleotidase activities of rats experimentally infected byFasciola hepatica
Authors: DOLESKI PEDRO H. , MENDES RICARDO E. , LEAL DANIELA B. R. , BOTTARI NATHIELI B. , PIVA MANOELA M. , DA SILVA ESTER S. , GABRIEL MATEUS E. , LUCCA NEUBER J. , SCHWERTZ CLAITON I. , GIACOMIM PATRÍCIA , MORSCH VERA M. , SCHETINGER MARIA R. C. , BALDISSERA MATHEUS D. , DA SILVA ALEKSANDRO S. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe enzymatic activities of NTPDase and 5′nucleotidase are important to regulate the concentration of adenine nucleotides, known molecules involved in many physiological functions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of NTPDase and 5′nucleotidase in serum and liver tissue of rats infected byFasciola hepatica. Rats were divided into two groups: uninfected control and infected. NTPDase activity for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and ADP substrates in the liver was higher compared with the control group at 15 days post-infection (PI), while seric activity was lower. In addition, seric and hepatic samples did not show changes for 5′nucleotidase activity at this time. On the other hand, either NTPDase or 5′nucleotidase activities in liver homogenate and serum were higher at 87 days PI. Early in the infection, low NTPDase activity maintains an increase of ATP in the bloodstream in order to activate host immune response, while in hepatic tissue it decreases extracellular ATP to maintain a low inflammatory response in the tissue. As stated, higher NTPDase and 5′nucleotidase activities 87 days after infection in serum and tissue, probably results on an increased concentration of adenosine molecule which stimulates a Th2 immune response. Thus, it is possible to conclude thatF. hepaticainfections lead to different levels of nucleotide degradation when considering the two stages of infection studied, which influences the inflammatory and pathological processes developed by the purinergic system.
Population-specific toxicity of six insecticides to the trematode Echinoparyphium sp.
Authors: HUA JESSICA , BUSS NICHOLAS , KIM JUSTIN , ORLOFSKE SARAH A. , HOVERMAN JASON T. 
Published: March 2016

SUMMARYThe ubiquitous use of pesticides has increased concerns over their direct and indirect effects on disease dynamics. While studies examining the effects of pesticides on host–parasite interactions have largely focused on how pesticides influence the host, few studies have considered the effects of pesticides on parasites. We investigated the toxicity of six common insecticides at six environmentally-relevant concentrations to cercariae of the trematode Echinoparyphium from two populations. All six insecticides reduced the survival of cercariae (overall difference between mortality in control vs pesticide exposure = 86·2 ± 8·7%) but not in a predictable dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that Echinoparyphium are sensitive to a broad range of insecticides commonly used in the USA. The lack of a clear dose-dependent response in Echinoparyphium highlights the potential limitations of toxicity assays in predicting pesticide toxicity to parasites. Finally, population-level variation in cercarial susceptibility to pesticides underscores the importance of accounting for population variation as overlooking this variation can limit our ability to predict toxicity in nature. Collectively, this work demonstrates that consideration of pesticide toxicity to parasites is important to understanding how pesticides ultimately shape disease dynamics in nature.
The management of behaviour problems in children
Authors: Williams Sara 
Published: March 2016

It is unlikely that the services of child care workers will cease to be needed during the next decade. The figures tend to show a steadily increasing demand for help with children who cannot live with their biological families for a number of different reasons. This seems to be a reflection of:—Firstly, an increased awareness of the meaning of unusual behaviour in children, i.e., that the child who does something unacceptable like running away, stealing or failing to perform well in school is really showing signs of emotional stress, and secondly, in part due to an increase in social disruption of the family and a change in the values of a significant proportion of middle class parents. There is no way we can expect that all children can spend all their young lives living with a family, either their biological family or an alternative one.
Generation 2000
Authors: Allsop Ian 
Published: March 2016

Generation 2000 is a package of resource materials to help people throughout Australia to gather together in groups to explore and discuss the wisdom that children have to offer adults. Generation 2000 is whatever happens in those groups as people meet, explore, discover, discuss and decide. Generation 2000 is about getting ready for the future with the liveliness, spontaneity, honesty and directness that children continually offer adults for their learning. It is an opportunity for adults to explore the world of children and to evaluate their values and attitudes.The program is based on a series of four sessions which enable participants to work through and recall their own childhood and an examination of our current lifestyles and patterns of living and assessing how these affect the people close to us. It uses the strategy that as we re-enter the world of children, we re-experience the richness and value for life that children have to offer.
Sterilising the Apparently Incapable: Further Thoughts and Developments
Authors: Bates Frank J. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe recent decision of the English judicial hierarchy in Re B (a minor) (wardship: sterilisation) raises many of the issues which are involved with the difficulties inherent in attempts compulsorily to sterilise apparently incapable minors. The article contrasts the decision in Re B with the earlier English decision of Re D and the decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in Re Eve. It continues by discussing the policy issues which are raised by the case and by the literature.
Case Notes Accreditation: Substitute Care Programmes for Children. A Step Forward
Authors: Church Rick 
Published: March 2016

A history of children's welfare services in Australia demonstrates the significant and on-going role of the non-government sector. This is particularly true within New South Wales. Many programmes, frequently under the auspice of mainstream religious institutions, were established early in response to critical social needs. These programmes routinely developed in isolation from each other, often with primary ties only to the auspice body and the local community. Some things are slow to change.Today the non-government sector is an amorphous collective of agencies with highly variable philosophical under pinnings, welfare ideologies, resources and competency levels.We have learned a great deal about the needs of children, the process of change, and competency in service delivery (within a specific statutory umbrella). Our new knowledge is yet to be consistently reflected in practice.
Some Key Concepts from a Course for Parents about Adolescents
Authors: Hourigan Annette 
Published: March 2016

Catholic Family Welfare Bureau Melbourne have for many years provided remedial family services, a core service being marriage and family counselling. Our range of service has expanded to also include educative programs.One frequent request is for education for parents about adolescence and its' meaning in family life. Additionally, our Dandenong branch needed to respond to the many urgent requests they were receiving from parents for counselling, about “adolescence problems” encountered in their families.As result a group of counsellors and social workers have produced a course in an endeavor to discover the most effective means to provide education for parents.
Malaysia: Some Problems of Child and Family Law in a Progressive Pluralist Society
Authors: Turner J. Neville 
Published: March 2016

A visit to Malaysia is a delight for a comparative family lawyer, especially one who adores satay, nasi goreng and biryani.The country itself is an unlikely amalgam of two land masses separated by 700 km, containing thirteen States of widely differing cultures. West Malaysia is by far the more populous, East Malaysia the larger geographically. In East Malaysia, a rich country (Brunei) is sandwiched as an independent enclave between the two States which do belong to Malaysia (Sarawak and Sabah). In the Malay Peninsula the port of Singapore, which geographically belongs to West Malaysia, ceded from the Federation in 1965, and is a separate country.
The Family Court of Australia: A Triumph or Disaster?
Authors: Turner J. Neville 
Published: March 2016

The Family Court was introduced in Australia in 1976, almost by legislative legerdemain. There had been little debate about it beforehand. There was no Royal Commission, no Law Reform Report. There was little public agitation or debate about its merits. It was suddenly upon us, as part and parcel of the reform of the divorce laws.How this differs from the position in other countries! In England, the Law Commission invited submissions on Family Courts as early as 1970. The Finer Committee in 1974 strongly recommended them! Numerous commentators since have advocated them in one form or another. The debate continues! But none has yet been set up! France and Germany have established tribunals loosely akin to our Family Court. But they are pallid imitations only. Other countries have tried some experiments. But I know of no country, save possibly Japan, that has established such a radical reform as Australia.
Not the Last Word: Point and Counterpoint
Authors: Goddard Chris 
Published: March 2016

What you see depends on where you stand. It is all a question of our perspective, our world view. Attempting to understand other people's perspectives is said to be a mark of adulthood.Journalists, on the other hand, are often asked to ensure that a narrow and local interest is catered for in stories. Thus we see stories of disasters where hundreds have been killed overseas, in a plane crash for example, and the cryptic sentence “No Australians were believed to be on board” appears in the text.
Respite Care Needs of Families with Disabled Children
Authors: Szwarc Barbara 
Published: March 2016

The idea of respite care is of recent origin, having come about largely as a result of the deinstitutionalization movement of the 1960's and 70's.Before that time, it was generally not expected that families keep a disabled member at home: and there is considerable evidence to show that those families who chose to do so, were expected to cope with the consequences on their own. No-one asked how they did it; and only the provision of crisis orientated counselling indicated that care providers recognized that these families might sometimes have hardships.
Future Trends in Education
Authors: Warner David 
Published: March 2016

Thank you for the invitation to address a session of your Conference on the topic “Future Trends in Education”. I am not sure of the basis of my expertise to address such a topic. It is a topic normally reserved for the gurus of academia and of educational bureaucracies. Perhaps, however, the invitation is in relation to the role of the College with which I am associated in being at the “leading edge” of developments in post-compulsory education in Australia.Perhaps before I say anything, I should direct attention to my belief in the capacity of people to respond to need. Yesterday, I sat with two of our teachers who had taken themselves off to help the centre develop their “detention activities” into credit courses associated with courses at our College and then provide completion experiences on Saturdays and at the end of children's sentences. There is hope.
An Approach to Family Therapy
Authors: Geldard David 
Published: March 2016

Lifeline Brisbane has a team of professional family therapists who provide family therapy services from 3.30p.m. to 10 p.m. on four nights each week. The team consists of a full-time coordiantor (40 hours per week) plus five part time therapists, who between them work 48 hours per week.The Unit uses a systems approach which assumes that the behaviours of individual members of a system are the invevitable response to the behaviours of the other members of the system. Hence, for example, a child's stealing behaviour, is seen as inevitable when the child is viewed not in isolation, but in the context of the system within which the child exists.