bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of the Registration Temperature on the Response of CR-39 to Alpha Particles and Fission Fragments
Authors: Durrani S.A. , Karamdoust N.A. , Al-Khalifa I.J.M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The paper reports an investigation into the effect of track registration temperature on the track etching characteristics of CR-39 polymeric detectors exposed to a particles and fission fragments from a thin 252Cf source. The plastic detector was maintained at temperatures ranging from 77 K to 373 K during irradiation. It was observed that the overall track etching rate VT for a particles in CR-39 is influenced by registration temperature in a complex way. The value of the bulk etch rate VB, as measured from fission-fragment diameters, however, remained constant over the entire irradiation temperature range.
Thermoluminescence Dosimetry of Beta Radiation on the Basis of Several TL Detectors of Usual Thickness
Authors: Gotlib V.I. , Grebenschicov V.L. , Kantorovich L.N. , Nemiro E.A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Detailed analysis of the thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry method for ß radiation has been performed based on determination of the correction factor for energy dependence using the ratio J12 of TL responses of two detectors with different thickness (H1 &lt; H2). It has been found that the optimum PVC filter thickness on the thick detector enhancing the resolution of the method is equal to 0.005-0.010 cm. It has been shown that the angular distribution of ß radiation causes a negligible error in the determination of the correction factor.
Mixed Field Personnel Dosimetry Using a Nearly Tissue-Equivalent Multi-Element Thermoluminescence Dosemeter
Authors: Moscovitch M. , Velbeck K.J. , Bencke G.M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The method of response interpretation for determining dose equivalents of a new multi-element thermoluminescence dosemeter in mixed photon-beta and photon-neutron fields is described. The four TL chips are LiF:Mg,Ti, each covered by its own unique filter. Experiments to determine the response of the dosemeter and to test the dose calibration algorithm were performed according to the standard established by the US Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP). It has been shown that the dosemeter response can be used to identify the mixture type. The accuracy of the system has been proven in blind testing to be well within DOELAP tolerance limits in all test categories.
Performance Analysis of the TNO TLD Individual Monitoring Service
Authors: van Dijk J.W.E. , Julius H.W. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyse the performance and to establish the lowest detectable, occupational dose (LDOD) of the TNO TL dosemeter, in use for large scale routine individual monitoring since 1983. The TNO individual monitoring service uses three TLD reader systems and over 45000 TL dosemeters, designed to measure Hs(0.07) and Hp(10). Each reader system is normalised daily and each individual dosemeter is calibrated every ten readout cycles. The performance of the service is monitored by a double blind experimental set-up. A series of 10 routine dosemeters is issued every fortnight, mailed, exposed by staff not involved in the monitoring service, sent back and evaluated. The conclusion of this study is that the lowest detectable occupational dose is less than 0.04 mSv and that the integrated dose at the level of the annual dose limit is measured within 2%.
TL Dosimetry Using Bricks and Tiles for Measurement of Transient Gamma Ray Dose in Inhabited Areas
Authors: Haskell E.H. , Bailiff I.K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The pre-dose TL technique was used to measure accrued dose in three brick samples removed from houses in a community which was formerly the site of a uranium mill. The samples were analysed using a variety of pre-dose methods, including thermal activation characteristic (both multiple activation and additive dose), the multiple activation method, modified additive dose method, modified additive dose with anneal, and additive dose method. Results reveal no significant differences between the two laboratories or between methods with the exception of the multiple activation method, which showed signs of non-linearity by one method of analysis. The additive dose method displayed the highest level of uncertainty and produced the highest dose estimates in two of the three samples. Changes in degree of sensitisation resulting from heating effects and shifts in thermal activation characteristics are examined in detail. None of the samples revealed accrued doses which were significantly higher than background dose measurements.
Miniaturised Dose Measuring System Based on an Opto-Fibre Coupled Scintillation Probe
Authors: Low H.G. , Bonatz W. , Binder W. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The design of a miniature sensor system for point measurements of dose and dose rate of ionising radiation in various phantom materials and in tissue is described. A scintillation probe was used as a sensor of maximum dimensions of 1 x 1 x 1 mm3 which was opto-fibre coupled to the measuring instrument and an analysing device. Various materials were tested as probes. Measurements were made at different qualities of ionising radiation (10 to 200 kV, 60Co, 6 MV, 42 MV and electrons of 5 to 40 MeV). Various opto-fibres were tested to investigate the optimal signal transfer.
The Use of LiF for Dosimetry in the Megagray Range and at Elevated Irradiation Temperatures
Authors: Waibel A. , Göksu H.Y. , Regulla D.F. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
For the study of radiation effects in rock salt caused by highly radioactive waste in potential repository sites, it is essential that dosimetry can be carried out at high irradiation temperatures. Radiation induced colour centres in LiF crystals are shown to be appropriate for the assessment of gamma doses up to at least 50 MGy at irradiation temperatures up to 250 oC. The irradiations were performed at 50 oC, 100 oC, 150 oC, 200 oC and 250 oC under calibration conditions in a gamma cell irradiator using a specially designed oven. The effect of the irradiation temperature on the dose response and shape of optical spectra of LiF is investigated. A method is described that allows for the estimation of the irradiation temperature. The experiments are designed to be used at the HAW project in the Asse salt mine, Braunschweig, FRG.
Modern Automatic Readout Systems for Phosphate Glass Dosemeters Using UV Laser Excitation
Authors: Burgkhardt B. , Piesch E. , Vilgis M. , Ishidoya T. , Ikegami T. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The new automatic readout systems FGD-10 and FGD-20 for flat glass dosemeters using pulsed UV laser excitation are applicable in the photon energy range 15 keV - 1.3 MeV and in the dose range above 0.03 mSv. Using the automatic readout mode for vertical and horizontal scanning of the glass, both systems allow interpretation of radiation conditions in personnel monitoring. The fully automatic systems make use of a dosemeter encapsulation unlocked and opened automatically within the reader. Separate code numbers of the capsule and the glass card are registered. The reader FGD-10 (FGD-20) is capable of continuously reading out 500 dosemeters (20 dosemeters) in magazines within a readout time of 20 s (10s) per dosemeter. FGD-10 exchanges automatically high-dosed by annealed glass cards and allows data handling for 50,000 dosemeters. The microprocessor controlled evaluation technique provides intrinsic subtraction of pre-dose during readout, automatic calibration using the same dosemeter during the monitoring period, simultaneous indication of different dose quantities and interpretation of radiation quality and incidence. The fully automatic PLD systems optimised in the readout procedure and prototype-tested are expected to be reliable dosimetry systems for application in individual and environmental monitoring.
Something Old, Something New, Something Basic
Authors: Attix F.H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
'Something Old' is a photograph of the organisers of the first Conference on Luminescence Dosimetry held at Stanford University in 1965. 'Something New' is the scintillation dosimetry probe developed at the University of Wisconsin, and now available commercially for in-phantom, in vivo and stereotaxic beam applications. 'Something Basic' is an analysis of the problem of determining the average dose deposited by an electron beam in a flat dosemeter of foil, comparing various analytical approaches with Monte Carlo results.
Isothermal Decay of Glow Peaks in LiF:Mg,Cu,P
Authors: Delgado A. , Gómez Ros J.M. , Furetta C. , Bacci C. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Isothermal decay (ID) experimental data for peaks 2, 3 and 4 of LiF:Mg,Cu,P (China) are presented. For every peak the ID has been measured at different temperatures, so that the evolution of life-time with temperature has also been determined. Peaks 2 and 4 present a very simple exponential decay typical of first order kinetic processes. Peak 3 decay is more complex due to the unavoidable contribution of the intense peak 4. After the subtraction of this contribution, peak 3 decay is exponential indicating first order kinetics for this peak too. From the good linear dependence of lnt on l/T, values for the activation energy and the frequency factor for all the peaks studied have been obtained. Peak 4 parameters have shown to be very critically dependent on the cooling rate in the annealing procedure. The LiF:Mg,Cu,P decay features are discussed with regard to those of LiF:Ti,Mg (TLD-100).
Elimination of the High Temperature Glow Peak in LiF:Cu,Mg,P
Authors: Horowitz A. , Horowitz Y.S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Previous studies have reported a significant residual signal in LiF:Cu,Mg,P (GR-200) which arises from a peak at 270 oC with an intensity of 7-50% relative to the main dosimetry peak. A method has been found to prepare LiF:Cu,Mg,P in two forms; one with a TL sensitivity 30-40 times greater than TLD-100 but with a residual signal of only 2-3% following 240 oC for 10 s readout, the other, even more optimised material (SSD-NR), with a sensitivity 15-20 times that of TLD-100 but with the 270 oC peak almost totally eliminated, leading to a residual signal of 0.25-0.5%.
Photoacoustic Spectroscopy on Differently Doped LiF Samples
Authors: Kelemen A. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Dosimetric materials used in practice generally exist in the form of powder or chips which are unsuitable for conventional optical absorption spectroscopy (OAS) measurements. Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) gives information about absorption properties of opaque and powdered samples in a wide range of optical absorbance. Photoacoustic spectra of differently doped LiF samples (LiF:Cu,Mg,P from Beijing, LiF doped with Ti and different amounts of Mg, and TLD-100) were recorded at various high (&gt;100 kGy) 60Co gamma doses in the 220-600 nm wavelength region. PA and OA spectra were compared and similarities as well as differences were found. Dependence of spectra on the Mg content and on the irradiation dose is discussed. Evaluation of the PA spectrum of LiF:Mg,Cu,P revealed no extra peaks compared with LiF:Mg,Ti.
Preparation and Characteristics of LiF:Mg,Cu,P Thermoluminescent Material
Authors: Zha Z. , Wang S. , Shen W. , Zhu J. , Cai (INVITED) G. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The preparation and characteristics of LiF:Mg,Cu,P TL material are described and recent improvements are also dealt with. The reproducibility, glow curve structure and other properties of LiF:Mg,Cu,P are dependent not only on the dopant concentration and crystallisation procedure but also on the thermal treatment programme, i.e. the temperature and the time of annealing. Usually the sensitivity (light integration) of LiF:Mg,Cu,P is influenced by the high temperature peak (250 oC). The combined annealing method (270 oC/240 oC double temperatures) can significantly reduce the higher temperature peak and therefore the TL repeatability is improved. Once the optimised preparation procedure and thermal treatment are chosen, the TL sensitivity is stable with re-use. The experimental results show that LiF:Mg,Cu,P has a promising potential in routine applications, (e.g. personal and environmental monitoring for gamma radiation) especially for ultra-low dose monitoring.
UV Emission in the TL Peaks of CaSO4:Dy; Origin and Application to High Temperature Dosimetry
Authors: Goyer D. , Lapraz D. , Iacconi P. , Portal G. , Barthe J. , Prévost H. , Gasiot J. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
In order to understand better the origin of the TL UV emission in CaSO4:Dy, several factors have been studied such as the influence of the pre-annealing temperature, the Dy concentration and the effect of the dose, on two compounds, one commercially available and the other synthesised in the laboratory. A UV induced TL phototransfer is observed between 20 and 400 oC for the former. Application to high temperature dosimetry of CaSO4:Dy is discussed.
Thermoluminescence of Hydroxyapatite Doped with Copper
Authors: Fukuda Y. , Ohtaki H. , Tomita A. , Takeuchi N. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Thermoluminescence (TL) of hydroxyapatite, Ca5(PO4)3OH (abbreviated as OHAP) has been investigated by several authors, because this material is a main constituent of human bones. The samples showed two main TL peaks at about 110 and 150 oC by heating them at a rate of 20 oC.min-1 after X irradiation at RT. In order to use the TL glow peaks for dosimetry, it is desirable to intensify the 150 oC peak by the addition of activators, if possible, because the 110 oC peak is unstable under storage at RT after the irradiation. It was found that the OHAP doped with 0.03 wt% CuO showed about five times more intense a TL peak at 150 oC than the undoped one for an X irradiation of 0.465 C.kg-1, while the peak at about 110 oC decreased slightly. It was noted that a new TL peak was observed at 340 oC in OHAP:CuO. The 340 oC TL peak may also be suitable for the purpose.
Ultraviolet Response of CaF2:Tm Phosphor with Double Temperature Treatment
Authors: Hsu P.-C. , Wang C.-D. , Weng P.-S. , Li S.-H. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The effect of the pre-irradiation double temperature treatment on the CaF2:Tm phosphor was studied. The high intrinsic thermoluminescent (TL) sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation after high temperature treatment can be retained and stabilised by following with medium temperature treatment. The TL properties were investigated by analysing the TL output and glow curve. The experimental results indicate that (1) the intrinsic TL sensitivity to UV can be stabilised for a 300 oC medium temperature treatment after a 1 hour 850 oC high temperature treatment, (2) the linear response ranges are 2.0 to 103J.m-2, 7.0 to 7 x 103J.m-2 and 30 to 3.5 x 103J.m-2 with respect to 253.7, 302 and 365 nm UV, respectively, and (3) there is no TL response to visible light. However, the TL output is wavelength dependent, which limits the application of this phosphor as a personal UV dosemeter.
Optical Absorption and Thermoluminescence Studies in CaF2:Tm Crystals Irradiated at Room Temperature
Authors: Lakshmanan A.R. , Tiwari S.S. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Optical absorption (OA), thermoluminescence (TL), phototransfer and photobleaching studies on CaF2:Tm single crystals irradiated with gamma rays at 25 oC indicate that the TL peaks at 160 oC, 180 oC and 480 oC are due to hole activation (giving rise to OA bands near 310 nm) and subsequent recombination with Tm2+ (giving rise to OA bands near 400 and 600 nm) resulting in Tm3+ emission. However, the major TL peak at 280 oC could not be associated with any OA band. Results indicate that this peak could arise because of electron activation, recombination with hole and subsequent resonant energy transfer to Tm3+ ions.
Type Testing of Thin Layer Hot Pressed TLDs - Energy and Angular Response for Photons
Authors: Vermaercke P. , Lesz J. , Maes L. , Loos M. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The measurement of the ICRU quantities, the individual dose equivalent penetrating, Hp(d) and superficial, Hs(d) should be performed at well specified depths. This requirement leads to the use of thin layer detectors. As is known from the literature, the filter/detector configuration becomes simple if LiF based thermoluminescent detectors are used. Long-term stable, fully annealable at 400 oC and LiF-based thin layer TLDs, manufactured by ENDOS GmbH appear suitable for modern radiation protection dosimetry. The filter/thin layer detector configuration within the dosemeter badge has been optimised with respect to the ICRU requirements. Experimental data are reported on energy and angular response to photons for a few carefully selected filter combinations. A dosemeter badge enabling routine Hs(0.07) and Hp(10) measurements is presented.
A System for Extremity Monitoring
Authors: Tawil R.A. , Velbeck K.J. , Rotunda J.E. , Gooley R. , Moscovitch M. , Wu C.F. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The system presented consists of a reader, single and filtered multi-element configuration dosemeters, and dose algorithm. The reader is a non-contact linear gas heating medium capacity unit interfaced to an application software package that evaluates and manages generated data. The dosemeters are fabricated from elements that are 100 mg.cm-2, 40 mg.cm-2 and 20 mg.cm-2, the multi-element configurations are filtered by copper and tin. Batch uniformity, repeatability, reproducibility, detection level threshold, and angular response for these dosemeters are studied and presented. Response as a function of beta energies relative to 137Cs as well as energy discrimination capabilities are reported. The dose calculation algorithm that was developed for the various different detector configurations is presented and the accuracy of its performance in pure and mixed fields has been determined and compared with published and proposed HPSSC-ANSI Standards.
A New Individual Extremity TL Dosimetry System
Authors: Brand H.N. , Regulla D. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The industrial prototype of an individual extremity thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetry system is presented which is based on a GSF patent and has been developed by Physikalisch-Technische Werkstatten, Freiburg. The system consists of a flexible strip type TL dosemeter also serving as a ring dosemeter, and a PC controlled readout equipment. The dosemeter carries a permanent identification code and is prepared for one use. Performance tests have revealed system compliance with the dosimetric requirements of the German Standard DIN 6816.
TLD System with a Stacked Dosemeter Configuration
Authors: Holzapfel G. , Lesz J. , Sujak-Lesz. K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
A new design of TL dosemeter, developed by ENDOS, is presented. It contains two stacked individually coded, detectors of the thin LiF:Mg,Ti layer type. Preliminary measurements indicate flat responses with respect to both photon energy and angle of incidence. This holds for both skin and depth dose as recommended by ICRU.
Exposure to Neutron Radiation Commercial Flights
Authors: Apfel R.E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Neutron radiation has been measured in several commercial flights at altitudes ranging from 8.5 to 11.0 km, and for flight duration at altitudes ranging from 1.25 to 6.5 hours. The measurement technique employed involves superheated drop compositions in a pen-like configuration (called a Neutrometer(). When neutrons interact with a superheated drop, the drop vaporises, immediately producing a 1 mm diameter bubble. The particular superheated drop composition used in the neutrometer has been shown to have a nearly dose equivalent response when calibrated with monoenergetic neutrons, and to have no sensitivity to gamma rays below 6 MeV. Bubbles produced as a result of the neutron radiation array themselves in a single line, and are easily counted. The sensitivity ranges from five to seven bubbles per 10 µSv of neutron radiation. The average rate of exposure for the several flights was approximately 0.8 to 0.9 µSv.h-1.
Thermoluminescence Response of Heavy Concrete Used in the Shielding of the CERN 600 MeV Synchrocyclotron
Authors: Kitis G. , Charalambous S. , Tuyn J.W.N. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Heavy, barytes loaded, concrete is commonly used as shielding material around high energy particle accelerators. Samples of such material were taken from the shielding wall of the CERN 600 MeV synchrocyclotron to study its thermoluminescence response and subsequently to estimate the correct order of magnitude of the dose received by the wall during the 34 years of its operation. The method shown in this paper is of interest to reconstruct the dose distribution inside, e.g. accelerator areas, for the purpose of material damage studies.
Measurement of the Stimulation Spectrum (1.2-1.7 eV) for a Specimen of Potassium Feldspar Using a Tunable Solid State Laser
Authors: Bailiff I.K. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The dating of sediments by infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) has attracted considerable interest, particularly in view of the simple means by which it can be measured. However, little is known of either the physical mechanisms which are associated with IRSL or the characteristics to be expected when using the technique to evaluate accrued dose in feldspar-bearing samples. The IRSL stimulation spectrum has been measured for a specimen of orthoclase which shows a single broad band at room temperature with a maximum at 1.46 eV and FWHM, 0.17 eV. The form of the stimulation spectrum was found to be substantially unchanged under various measurement conditions including: (a) elevated sample temperature during stimulation and (b) detection of IRSL in the wavelength regions of either of the two major emission bands.
Models of the g = 2.0006 ESR Signal Growth Curve in Carbonates
Authors: Cetin O. , Wieser A. , Walther R. , Özer A.M. , Fill U. , Regulla D.F. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
Several mathematical equations for describing the growth curve of modern and fossil carbonate samples are discussed. The best approximation for the dose response of the g = 2.0006 ESR dating signal in aragonitic coral and shell samples was found by a combination of three single exponential saturation functions. Also the isothermal decay curves of the ESR signal proved to be best fitted by the combination of three first order decay functions. The lifetimes of the three components were obtained from an Arrhenius plot. For different species of mollusc shells the lifetime of the less stable component was found in the range 30-90 ka at 2 oC. It can be removed by heating the samples at 180 oC for a period of 2 h.
Electron and Proton Dosimetry with Custom-Developed Radiochromic Dye Films
Authors: Uribe R.M. , Vargas-Aburto C. , McLaughlin W.L. , Walker M.L. , Dick C.E. 
Published: February 2017

Abstract
The systematic study and identification of the mechanisms responsible for changes occurring in radiochromic dye films (RDFs) as a result of exposure to ionising radiation, requires the possibility of varying a number of parameters during their fabrication. A series of RDFs were developed with thicknesses in the range of 15 to 60 µm. The amount of dye precursor and stabilisers was varied in a systematic way. A series of unexposed films was irradiated with 1 MeV electrons and 10 MeV protons. Optical characterisation of the films was performed. Irradiations were carried out in the dose range from 0 to 440 kGy. The fabrication techniques, the irradiation procedures, and the optical characterisation of the films are described. Conclusions are presented regarding the useful dose range for the RDFs, their sensitivity to different types of radiation, and a comparison is made with other similar film dosemeters used in the materials processing industry.