bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vulnerabilidad socioeducativa y económica de adolescentes y jóvenes en cinco municipios de la RACS
Authors: Rodríguez Vásquez Marieliz Belinda 
Published: October 2016

Este artículo está basado en el estudio “Situación socioeducativa y económica de la juventud en contexto de vulnerabilidad” realizado en cinco municipios costeros de la Región Autónoma del Caribe Sur. El estudio incluye una encuesta que se hizo en el 2012, junto a 516 adolescentes y jóvenes de quince a veinticuatro años, de origen indígena, mestizo y afrodescendiente. La encuesta cubrió las variables de identidad, relación familiar, educación, salud, relación laboral, migración, participación comunitaria, organización juvenil, tiempo libre, valores y economía familiar. En el artículo, se analizan los resultados de la encuesta a partir de un marco conceptual de vulnerabilidad que identifica las fuentes que generan la vulnerabilidad de jóvenes desde tres dimensiones- vital, institucional y de inserción socioeconómica, y se valoran oportunidades y agentes facilitadores que pueden disminuir esta vulnerabilidad.Wani Vol.69 2014, pp.51-74 TUKTAN WAHMA TIARA NANI TRABIL RA KAUHWAIA LAMARA BANGHWI BA MUNICIPIO MATSIP RA RAAS TASBAIA BILARA Naha ulbanka nara stadi muni kaikisa upla nani nahki iwi banghwi ba, witing nani aikuki ai tawan bilara, lalah sakaia lainkara bara klauna îwanka lâka nani lainkara tuktan wahma tiara nani RAAS tasbaia ra îwi banghwi ba, nisanka nani sat sat îwi ba, pamali nani aikuki îwanka lâka ba, kûl sinska lâka briaia lainkara, ai wina tara pain briaia lainkara, wark takaia lainkara, tawan nani wala ra waia lainkara, tawan ra wark daukaia lainkara, wahma tiara nani asla takanka lainkara, prî pyuara, rispik lâka bara pamali lalahka nani lainkara. Laki kaikisa dia pitka Trabil ra kauhwaia lamara îwi banghwi ba purkara laki kaikisa tawan uplika nani ba nahki îwi ba, dia wark ka satka nani daukaia sip ba bara wark tatakra nani ailal municipio ka ra banghwi ba. Baku sin naha tilara laki kaikisa nahki wark satka nani ba karna daukaia sip ba wahma tiara nani ba wark ka nani tilara dinki brih aikuki wark takuya bara.
Prolongation of Cardiac Allograft Survival by Endometrial Regenerative Cells: Focusing on B-Cell Responses
Authors: Xu Xiaoxi , Li Xiaochun , Gu Xiangying , Zhang Bai , Tian Weijun , Han Hongqiu , Sun Peng , Du Caigan , Wang Hao 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Endometrial regenerative cells (ERCs) have been recently evaluated as an attractive candidate source for emerging stem cell therapies in immunosuppression, but their role in immunoregulation is not fully understood. The present study was designed to investigate their effects, especially on B-cell responses in heart transplantation. In this study, ERCs were noninvasively obtained from menstrual blood. Heart transplantation was performed between C57BL/6 (H-2b) donor mice and BALB/c (H-2d) recipients. B-cell activation and antibody levels were determined using fluorescence-activated cell sorting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and ELISpot. In this study, we demonstrated that ERCs negatively regulated B-cell maturation and activation in vitro without affecting their viability. ERC treatment prolonged cardiac allograft survival in mice, which was correlated with a decrease in IgM and IgG deposition and circulating antidonor antibodies, as well as with reduction in frequencies of antidonor antibody-secreting CD19+ B cells. In addition, upon ex vivo stimulation, B cells from ERC-treated heart transplant recipients had impaired proliferation capacity and produced less IgM and IgG antibody. Moreover, ERC treatment of mice receiving ovalbumin (OVA)-aluminum hydroxide vaccine resulted in significant lower numbers of anti-OVA IgG antibody-secreting splenic B cells and lower anti-OVA antibody titres. Our results indicate that therapeutic effects of ERCs may be attributed at least in part by their B-cell suppression and humoral response inhibition, suggesting the potential use of ERCs for attenuating antibody-mediated allograft rejection.
Pacing during an ultramarathon running event in hilly terrain
Authors: Kerhervé Hugo A. , Cole-Hunter Tom , Wiegand Aaron N. , Solomon Colin 
Published: October 2016

Purpose
The dynamics of speed selection as a function of distance, or pacing, are used in recreational, competitive, and scientific research situations as an indirect measure of the psycho-physiological status of an individual. The purpose of this study was to determine pacing on level, uphill and downhill sections of participants in a long (>80 km) ultramarathon performed on trails in hilly terrain.

Methods
Fifteen ultramarathon runners competed in a 173 km event (five finished at 103 km) carrying a Global-Positioning System (GPS) device. Using the GPS data, we determined the speed, relative to average total speed, in level (LEV), uphill (UH) and downhill (DH) gradient categories as a function of total distance, as well as the correlation between overall performance and speed variability, speed loss, and total time stopped.

Results
There were no significant differences in normality, variances or means in the relative speed in 173-km and 103-km participants. Relative speed decreased in LEV, UH and DH. The main component of speed loss occurred between 5% and 50% of the event distance in LEV, and between 5% and 95% in UH and DH. There were no significant correlations between overall performance and speed loss, the variability of speed, or total time stopped.

Conclusions
Positive pacing was observed at all gradients, with the main component of speed loss occurring earlier (mixed pacing) in LEV compared to UH and DH. A speed reserve (increased speed in the last section) was observed in LEV and UH. The decrease in speed and variability of speed were more important in LEV and DH than in UH. The absence of a significant correlation between overall performance and descriptors of pacing is novel and indicates that pacing in ultramarathons in trails and hilly terrain differs to other types of running events.
The PARA-suite: PAR-CLIP specific sequence read simulation and processing
Authors: Kloetgen Andreas , Borkhardt Arndt , Hoell Jessica I. , McHardy Alice C. 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundNext-generation sequencing technologies have profoundly impacted biology over recent years. Experimental protocols, such as photoactivatable ribonucleoside-enhanced cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (PAR-CLIP), which identifies protein–RNA interactions on a genome-wide scale, commonly employ deep sequencing. With PAR-CLIP, the incorporation of photoactivatable nucleosides into nascent transcripts leads to high rates of specific nucleotide conversions during reverse transcription. So far, the specific properties of PAR-CLIP-derived sequencing reads have not been assessed in depth.MethodsWe here compared PAR-CLIP sequencing reads to regular transcriptome sequencing reads (RNA-Seq) to identify distinctive properties that are relevant for reference-based read alignment of PAR-CLIP datasets. We developed a set of freely available tools for PAR-CLIP data analysis, called the PAR-CLIP analyzer suite (PARA-suite). The PARA-suite includes error model inference, PAR-CLIP read simulation based on PAR-CLIP specific properties, a full read alignment pipeline with a modified Burrows–Wheeler Aligner algorithm and CLIP read clustering for binding site detection.ResultsWe show that differences in the error profiles of PAR-CLIP reads relative to regular transcriptome sequencing reads (RNA-Seq) make a distinct processing advantageous. We examine the alignment accuracy of commonly applied read aligners on 10 simulated PAR-CLIP datasets using different parameter settings and identified the most accurate setup among those read aligners. We demonstrate the performance of the PARA-suite in conjunction with different binding site detection algorithms on several real PAR-CLIP and HITS-CLIP datasets. Our processing pipeline allowed the improvement of both alignment and binding site detection accuracy.AvailabilityThe PARA-suite toolkit and the PARA-suite aligner are available athttps://github.com/akloetgen/PARA-suiteandhttps://github.com/akloetgen/PARA-suite_aligner, respectively, under the GNU GPLv3 license.
Palaeoamyda messeliananov. comb. (Testudines, Pan-Trionychidae) from the Eocene Messel Pit and Geiseltal localities, Germany, taxonomic and phylogenetic insights
Authors: Cadena Edwin 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundAbundant pan-trionychid (soft-shell) turtles specimens have been found in Eocene sequences of central Europe, particularly from two localities in Germany, the Messel Pit (a UNESCO World Natural Heritage Site) and Geiseltal, traditionally attributed toTrionyx messelianusorRafetoides austriacus. Over the last two decades new specimens of this taxon from these two localities have been discovered and fully prepared. However, they have remained unstudied, as well as their phylogenetic position inside Pan-Trionychidae is unknown.ResultsFive new specimens ofPalaeoamyda messeliananov. comb. from Messel Pit and Geiseltal localities are fully described here. A revised diagnosis for the species is also presented here, together with its inclusion in a phylogenetic analysis of Pan-Trionychidae that shows that this species is sister to the extantAmyda cartilaginea, one of the most abundant pan-trionychid (soft-shell) turtles from Asia, both members of the clade Chitrini. The specimens described in here are among the best and most complete fossil pan-trionychid skeletons so far known.
Geoengineering with stratospheric aerosols: What do we not know after a decade of research?
Authors: MacMartin Douglas G. , Kravitz Ben , Long Jane C. S. , Rasch Philip J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAny well‐informed future decision on whether and how to deploy solar geoengineering requires balancing the impacts (both intended and unintended) of intervening in the climate against the impacts of not doing so. Despite tremendous progress in the last decade, the current state of knowledge remains insufficient to support an assessment of this balance, even for stratospheric aerosol geoengineering (SAG), arguably the best understood (practical) geoengineering method. We articulate key unknowns associated with SAG, including both climate‐science and design questions, as an essential step toward developing a future strategic research program that could address outstanding uncertainties.
Modes of hurricane activity variability in the eastern Pacific: Implications for the 2016 season
Authors: Boucharel Julien , Jin Fei‐Fei , England Matthew H. , Lin I. I. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA gridded product of accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) in the eastern Pacific is constructed to assess the dominant mode of tropical cyclone (TC) activity variability. Results of an empirical orthogonal function decomposition and regression analysis of environmental variables indicate that the two dominant modes of ACE variability (40% of the total variance) are related to different flavors of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The first mode, more active during the later part of the hurricane season (September–November), is linked to the eastern Pacific El Niño through the delayed oceanic control associated with the recharge‐discharge mechanism. The second mode, dominant in the early months of the hurricane season, is related to the central Pacific El Niño mode and the associated changes in atmospheric variability. A multilinear regression forecast model of the dominant principal components of ACE variability is then constructed. The wintertime subsurface state of the eastern equatorial Pacific (characterizing ENSO heat discharge), the east‐west tilt of the thermocline (describing ENSO phase transition), the anomalous ocean surface conditions in the TC region in spring (portraying atmospheric changes induced by persistence of local surface anomalies), and the intraseasonal atmospheric variability in the western Pacific are found to be good predictors of TC activity. Results complement NOAA's official forecast by providing additional spatial and temporal information. They indicate a more active 2016 season (~2 times the ACE mean) with a spatial expansion into the central Pacific associated with the heat discharge from the 2015/2016 El Niño.
Seasonality of submesoscale dynamics in the Kuroshio Extension
Authors: Rocha Cesar B. , Gille Sarah T. , Chereskin Teresa K. , Menemenlis Dimitris 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRecent studies show that the vigorous seasonal cycle of the mixed layer modulates upper ocean submesoscale turbulence. Here we provide model‐based evidence that the seasonally changing upper ocean stratification in the Kuroshio Extension also modulates submesoscale (here 10–100 km) inertia‐gravity waves. Summertime restratification weakens submesoscale turbulence but enhances inertia‐gravity waves near the surface. Thus, submesoscale turbulence and inertia‐gravity waves undergo vigorous out‐of‐phase seasonal cycles. These results imply a strong seasonal modulation of the accuracy of geostrophic velocity diagnosed from submesoscale sea surface height delivered by the Surface Water and Ocean Topography satellite mission.
Decadal variability of European sea level extremes in relation to the solar activity
Authors: Martínez‐Asensio Adrián , Tsimplis Michael N. , Calafat Francisco Mir 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between decadal changes in solar activity and sea level extremes along the European coasts and derived from tide gauge data. Autumn sea level extremes vary with the 11 year solar cycle at Venice as suggested by previous studies, but a similar link is also found at Trieste. In addition, a solar signal in winter sea level extremes is also found at Venice, Trieste, Marseille, Ceuta, Brest, and Newlyn. The influence of the solar cycle is also evident in the sea level extremes derived from a barotropic model with spatial patterns that are consistent with the correlations obtained at the tide gauges. This agreement indicates that the link to the solar cycle is through modulation of the atmospheric forcing. The only atmospheric regional pattern that showed variability at the 11 year period was the East Atlantic pattern.
Preface: Unsolved problems of magnetospheric physics
Authors: Denton M. H. , Borovsky J. E. , Stepanova M. , Valdivia J. A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe Unsolved Problems of Magnetospheric Physics Workshop was held in September 2015 in Scarborough, UK. In contrast to most other meetings, people were specifically asked not to present and discuss their recent results. Rather, they were asked to bring their opinions and thoughts on unsolved problems to the meeting. Short presentations were encouraged after which the audience would debate and discuss definitions of the problems and how they could be overcome. Were new observations required? New missions? Or simply did the community need to work better together to resolve pertinent and outstanding science questions? Around 50% of the meeting schedule was devoted to discussion sessions on these topics.
Anionische Ketten der Stammverbindungen der Pnictogenylborane
Authors: Marquardt Christian , Kahoun Tobias , Stauber Andreas , Balázs Gábor , Bodensteiner Michael , Timoshkin Alexey Y. , Scheer Manfred 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWir berichten über die Synthese und strukturelle Charakterisierung von präzedenzlosen anionischen Stammverbindungen aus gemischten Elementen der Gruppen 13 und 15. Die Reaktionen der Pnictogenylborane H2E‐BH2⋅NMe3 (1 a: E=P; 1 b: E=As) mit phosphor‐ und arsenzentrierten Nukleophilen der Form [EH2]− (E=P, As) führen zur Bildung von Verbindungen des Typs [H2E‐BH2‐E′H2]− (2: E=E′=P; 3: E=E′=As; 4: E=P, E′=As), die kettenartige anionische Pnictogen‐Bor‐Einheiten enthalten. Darüber hinaus wurden die längere, fünfgliedrige Kette [H2As‐BH2‐PH2‐BH2‐AsH2]− (5) und die Ringverbindung [NHCdipp‐H2B‐PH2‐BH2‐NHCdipp]+[P5B5H19]− (6) mit n‐Butylcyclohexan‐ähnlichem Anion hergestellt. Alle Verbindungen wurden durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse, Multikern‐NMR‐ und IR‐Spektroskopie sowie Massenspektrometrie charakterisiert. Dichtefunktionalrechnungen erklären ihre hohe thermodynamische Stabilität und geben Aufschluss über Ladungsverteilung und Reaktionsverlauf.
Ferrocene‐Promoted Long‐Cycle Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Mi Yingying , Liu Wen , Yang Ke R. , Jiang Jianbing , Fan Qi , Weng Zhe , Zhong Yiren , Wu Zishan , Brudvig Gary W. , Batista Victor S. , Zhou Henghui , Wang Hailiang 
Published: October 2016

AbstractConfining lithium polysulfide intermediates is one of the most effective ways to alleviate the capacity fade of sulfur‐cathode materials in lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. To develop long‐cycle Li–S batteries, there is an urgent need for material structures with effective polysulfide binding capability and well‐defined surface sites; thereby improving cycling stability and allowing study of molecular‐level interactions. This challenge was addressed by introducing an organometallic molecular compound, ferrocene, as a new polysulfide‐confining agent. With ferrocene molecules covalently anchored on graphene oxide, sulfur electrode materials with capacity decay as low as 0.014 % per cycle were realized, among the best of cycling stabilities reported to date. With combined spectroscopic studies and theoretical calculations, it was determined that effective polysulfide binding originates from favorable cation–π interactions between Li+ of lithium polysulfides and the negatively charged cyclopentadienyl ligands of ferrocene.
2016 American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism Classification Criteria for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome: A Consensus and Data‐Driven Methodology Involving Three International Patient Cohorts
Authors: Shiboski Caroline H. , Shiboski Stephen C. , Seror Raphaèle , Criswell Lindsey A. , Labetoulle Marc , Lietman Thomas M. , Rasmussen Astrid , Scofield Hal , Vitali Claudio , Bowman Simon J. , Mariette Xavier ,   the International Sjögren's Syndrome Criteria Working Group
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo develop and validate an international set of classification criteria for primary Sjögren's syndrome (SS) using guidelines from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) and the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR). These criteria were developed for use in individuals with signs and/or symptoms suggestive of SS.MethodsWe assigned preliminary importance weights to a consensus list of candidate criteria items, using multi‐criteria decision analysis. We tested and adapted the resulting draft criteria using existing cohort data on primary SS cases and non‐SS controls, with case/non‐case status derived from expert clinical judgment. We then validated the performance of the classification criteria in a separate cohort of patients.ResultsThe final classification criteria are based on the weighted sum of 5 items: anti‐SSA/Ro antibody positivity and focal lymphocytic sialadenitis with a focus score of ≥1 foci/4 mm2, each scoring 3; an abnormal ocular staining score of ≥5 (or van Bijsterveld score of ≥4), a Schirmer's test result of ≤5 mm/5 minutes, and an unstimulated salivary flow rate of ≤0.1 ml/minute, each scoring 1. Individuals with signs and/or symptoms suggestive of SS who have a total score of ≥4 for the above items meet the criteria for primary SS. Sensitivity and specificity against clinician‐expert–derived case/non‐case status in the final validation cohort were high, i.e., 96% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 92–98%) and 95% (95% CI 92–97%), respectively.ConclusionUsing methodology consistent with other recent ACR/EULAR‐approved classification criteria, we developed a single set of data‐driven consensus classification criteria for primary SS, which performed well in validation analyses and are well‐suited as criteria for enrollment in clinical trials.
Identification of a High‐Frequency Somatic NLRC4 Mutation as a Cause of Autoinflammation by Pluripotent Cell–Based Phenotype Dissection
Authors: Kawasaki Yuri , Oda Hirotsugu , Ito Jun , Niwa Akira , Tanaka Takayuki , Hijikata Atsushi , Seki Ryosuke , Nagahashi Ayako , Osawa Mitsujiro , Asaka Isao , Watanabe Akira , Nishimata Shigeo , Shirai Tsuyoshi , Kawashima Hisashi , Ohara Osamu , Nakahata Tatsutoshi , Nishikomori Ryuta , Heike Toshio , Saito Megumu K. 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveTo elucidate the genetic background of a patient with neonatal‐onset multisystem inflammatory disease (NOMID) with no NLRP3 mutation.MethodsA Japanese male child diagnosed as having NOMID was studied. The patient did not have any NLRP3 mutation, even as low‐frequency mosaicism. We performed whole‐exome sequencing on the patient and his parents. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were established from the patient's fibroblasts. The iPSCs were then differentiated into monocyte lineage to evaluate the cytokine profile.ResultsWe established multiple iPSC clones from a patient with NOMID and incidentally found that the phenotypes of monocytes from iPSC clones were heterogeneous and could be grouped into disease and normal phenotypes. Because each iPSC clone was derived from a single somatic cell, we hypothesized that the patient had somatic mosaicism of an interleukin‐1β–related gene. Whole‐exome sequencing of both representative iPSC clones and the patient's blood revealed a novel heterozygous NLRC4 mutation, p.T177A (c.529A>G), as a specific mutation in diseased iPSC clones. Knockout of the NLRC4 gene using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat/Cas9 system in a mutant iPSC clone abrogated the pathogenic phenotype.ConclusionOur findings indicate that the patient has somatic mosaicism of a novel NLRC4 mutation. To our knowledge, this is the first case showing that somatic mutation of NLRC4 causes autoinflammatory symptoms compatible with NOMID. The present study demonstrates the significance of prospective genetic screening combined with iPSC‐based phenotype dissection for individualized diagnoses.
An investigation of multiplier effects generated by implementing queue jump lanes at multiple intersections
Authors: Truong Long T. , Sarvi Majid , Currie Graham 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThis paper investigates the combination effects of queue jump lanes (QJLs) on signalised arterials to establish if a multiplier effect exists, that is, the benefit from providing QJLs at multiple intersections is higher than the sum of benefits from providing them individually at each of those intersections. To explore the combination effects on bus delay and total person delay, a delay estimation model is developed using kinematic wave theory, kinematic equations and Monte Carlo simulation. In addition, to investigate the combination effects in offset settings optimised for bus delay or total person delay, offset optimisation models are proposed. Validation results using traffic micro‐simulation indicate the effectiveness and computational efficiency of the proposed models. Results of a modelling test bed suggest that providing QJLs at multiple intersections can create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings with signal offsets that provide bus progression. Furthermore, optimising offsets to minimise bus delay tends to create a multiplier effect on one‐directional bus delay savings, particularly when variations in dwell times are not high. The reason for the multiplier effect may be that providing QJLs reduces variations in bus travel times, which makes signal coordination for buses perform more effectively. From a policy perspective, the existence of a multiplier effect suggests that a corridor‐wide scale implementation of QJLs has considerable merit. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.