bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The atlantic species of Onchidella (gastropoda Pulmonata ): part 2
Authors: Marcus Eveline Du Bois-Reymond 
Published: March 2017

Os caracteres apücáveis à classificação são discutidos e uma chave para as oito espécies do Atlântico central e oriental é dada. Das 18 espécies de Onchidella mencionadas do Atlântico, duas, pachyderma (Plate, 1893) e pulchella Watson, 1925, não são reconhecíveis. O mesmo refere-se à Onchidella celtica (Seurat, 1932). O. remanei Marcus, 1956, foi reconhecida como sinônimo de celtica(Cuvier, 1817). As cinco espécies do Atlântico oriental das quais material pôde ser estudado, celtica, incisa, capensis, accrensis e a nova espécie phttippei, são descritas. Algumas observações sobre O. floridana são acrescentadas. O. maculata, O. monodi e O. souriei são discutidas. Onchidella é o único gênero dos Onchidiacea que ocorre no Atlântico. A distribuição das espécies é indicada no mapa (Fig. 56).
Observações preliminares sobre a fundação solitária de colônias de Bombus (Fervidobombus) atratus Franklin (Hymenoptera, Apidae)
Authors: Garófalo Carlos Alberto 
Published: March 2017

Foram observados os estágios iniciais do desenvolvimento de colonias começadas no laboratório por rainhas de Bombus atratus. Na construção da primeira célula para ovos, apenas cera, produzida pela rainha, foi utilizada,mas, em uma ocasião os ovos foram depositados no monte de pólen. A construção da célula para os ovos foi iniciada antes do pote de mel. Os ovos eram em geral depositados verticalmente em um caso, e em dois casos a célula foi aberta novamente e ovos adicionais acrescentados. Em cinquenta e dois por cento dos casos os ovos foram postos em duas subcélulas e, em sete por cento, em três ou quatro subcélulas. O processo de oviposição nas células, formadas por várias subcélulas, segue a seqüência: preparação da subcélula e oviposição na mesma. Após eclosão e algum crescimento as larvas foram alimentadas através de bolsas alimentares. Estas bolsas eram construídas lateralmente à massa de cria.
Estudo da regulação social em Nannotrigona (Scaptotrigona) postiça Latreille, em duas colônias (normal e com rainhas virgens, com especial referência ao polietismo etário (Hym., apidae, Meliponinae)
Authors: Simões Dércio , Bego Luci Rolandi 
Published: March 2017

Foi estudada a divisão de trabalho entre as operárias de Nannotrigona (Scaptotrigona) postiça em uma colônia normal (com rainha físogástrica) e outra, com rainhas virgens. Os principais fatos observados foram:Do mesmo modo que ocorre em Apis, as atividades desempanhadas pelas operárias de S. postiça se modificam de acordo com a idade e, também, com as necessidades da colônia. A seqüência de atividades é semelhante entre a colônia normal e aquela com rainhas virgens. A alteração mais marcante é que existe uma antecipação de algumas atividades das operárias na colônia com rainhas virgens. A substituição da rainha físogástrica foi observada mostrando alguns aspectos comportamentais interessantes. Provavelmente, a aceitação da rainha em colônias de S. postiça se dê na fase em que a mesma encontra-se virgem. A longevidade média das operárias na colônia normal foi maior que na colônia contendo rainhas virgens.
Pimelodella kronei (Ribeiro, 1907) e seu sinônimo Caecorhamdella brasiliensis Borodin, 1927: morfologia externa, taxonomia, e evolução (Teleostomi, Siluriformes)
Authors: Trajano Eleonora , Britski Heraldo A. 
Published: March 2017

Pimelodella kronei (= Typhlobagrus kronei, Ribeiro, 1907) é um bagre com regressão de olhos e pigmentação, encontrado em cavernas do Alto Ribeira, município de Iporanga, SP, e considerado derivado do pimelodídeo epígeo P. transitória. Com o objetivo de se estudar as relações entre esses táxons, foram examinados 28 caracteres morfométricos e merísticos usualmente utilizados em estudos de taxonomia de peixes, além dos olhos e pigmentação, de amostras de P. kronei provenientes da caverna Areias (provável localidade-tipo) e Ressurgência das Bombas, e de P. transitória. Não foram encontradas diferenças que permitam uma separação segura das três populações mas apenas algumas tendências relacionadas à especialização à vida cavernícola em P. kronei; espinho dorsal mais curto, distancia inter-orbital maior, barbilhões mais frequentemente quebrados nesta última. Foi também examinado o holôtipo de Caecorhamdella brasi1íensis Borodin, 1927, descrita a partir de três exemplares provenientes da "Província de São Paulo". Verificou-se superposição com relação aos caracteres de P. kronei, pelo que consideramos C. brasiliensis um sinônimo desta. A alta variabilidade nos caracteres relacionados à vida subterrânea sugere que P. kronei é um cavernícola recente. Possivelmente uma ou mais populações de P. transitória ficaram isoladas em cavernas durante os períodos glaciais, secos, do Pleistoceno, dando origem, independentemente ou através de colonização única com posterior dispersão subterrânea, a populações cavernícolas especializadas (P. kronei lato sensu).
Bivalves e gastrópodes do Saco da Ribeira, Ubatuba - São Paulo. I. Levantamento, distribuição das espécies e características ambientais
Authors: Lopes Sônia Godoy Bueno Carvalho , Schaeffer-Novelli Yara 
Published: March 2017

Realizou-se o levantamento das espécies de gastrópodes e de bivalves marinhos do "Saco da Ribeira", Ubatuba, Estado de São Paulo (23º30'S e 45º07'W), Brasil, local protegido da ação de ondas, com praias arenosas e rochosas e infralitoral lodoso. Analisou-se a distribuição das espécies na área, em função de variáveis ambientais usualmente utilizadas em estudos ecológicos. Obteve-se um total de 79 espécies, das quais 28 são gastrópodes e 51 são bivalves. Registrou-se pela primeira vez, no litoral paulista, a ocorrência das espécies debivalves Lima thryptica Penna, 1971 e Tagalus oivisus (Spengler, 1794). A distribuição das espécies mais abundantes de gastrópodes em fundos não consolidados mostrou-se relacionada com os níveis da maré e com a disponibilidade de alimento, enquanto que a distribuição das espécies de bivalves mais abundantes mostrou-se relacionada com os níveis de maré, a granulometria e o hidrodínamismo da água do mar. Como estão ocorrendo perturbações ambientais na região, compararam-se os dados ambientais do presente estudo com os dados ambientais medidos anteriormente por outrospesquisadores, no mesmo local. Os resultados indicam que a única alteração expressiva ocorreu na granulometria da Praia do Saco da Ribeira, que passou de areia média para areia grossa.
Malacofauna da Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira" - USP. I. Moluscos de ambientes límnicos
Authors: Domaneschi Osmar , Myiaji Cintia , Motokane Marcelo Tadeu 
Published: March 2017

Um levantamento da malacofauna de ambientes límnicos da Cidade Universitária "Armando de Salles Oliveira" (CUASO) (23º33'S; 46º43'W), São Paulo, Brasil, realizado de setembro a dezembro de 1989 e de abril a maio de 1990, revelou a presença dos Gastropoda Pomacea sp (Ampullariidae =Pilidae), Biomphalaria tenagophila (Planorbidae), Gundlachia concêntrica (Ancylidae), Physa marmorata e Physa cubensis (Physidae), Lymnaea columella (Lymnaeidae) e dos Bivalvia Eupera sp. e Psidium sp. (Psidiidae), Anodontitestrapesialis (Mutelidae), Diplodon delodontus expansus e Diplodon martensi (Unionidae). A distribuição, alguns aspectos da biologia, da ecologia e uma chave ilustrada para identificação dessas espécies são apresentados com o objetivo de facilitar a localização, o reconhecimento e a manutenção das mesmas em condições de laboratório para fins científicos e/ou acadêmicos.
Predicting Cardiovascular Events in Familial Hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Pérez de Isla Leopoldo , Alonso Rodrigo , Mata Nelva , Fernández-Pérez Cristina , Muñiz Ovidio , Díaz-Díaz José Luis , Saltijeral Adriana , Fuentes-Jiménez Francisco , de Andrés Raimundo , Zambón Daniel , Piedecausa Mar , Cepeda José María , Mauri Marta , Galiana Jesús , Brea Ángel , Sanchez Muñoz-Torrero Juan Francisco , Padró Teresa , Argueso Rosa , Miramontes-González José Pablo , Badimón Lina , Santos Raúl D. , Watts Gerald F. , Mata Pedro 
Published: March 2017

Background:
Although risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have been described, models for predicting incident ASCVD have not been reported. Our aim was to use the SAFEHEART registry (Spanish Familial Hypercholesterolemia Cohort Study) to define key risk factors for predicting incident ASCVD in patients with FH.

Methods:
SAFEHEART is a multicenter, nationwide, long-term prospective cohort study of a molecularly defined population with FH with or without previous ASCVD. Analyses to define risk factors and to build a risk prediction equation were developed, and the risk prediction equation was tested for its ability to discriminate patients who experience incident ASCVD from those who did not over time.

Results:

We recruited 2404 adult patients with FH who were followed up for a mean of 5.5 years (SD, 3.2 years), during which 12 (0.5%) and 122 (5.1%) suffered fatal and nonfatal incident ASCVD, respectively. Age, male sex, history of previous ASCVD, high blood pressure, increased body mass index, active smoking, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipoprotein(a) levels were independent predictors of incident ASCVD from which a risk equation with a Harrell C index of 0.85 was derived. The bootstrap resampling (100 randomized samples) of the original set for internal validation showed a degree of overoptimism of 0.003. Individual risk was estimated for each person without an established diagnosis of ASCVD before enrollment in the registry by use of the SAFEHEART risk equation, the modified Framingham risk equation, and the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association ASCVD Pooled Cohort Risk Equations. The Harrell C index for these models was 0.81, 0.78, and 0.8, respectively, and differences between the SAFEHEART risk equation and the other 2 were significant (
P
=0.023 and
P
=0.045).

Conclusions:
The risk of incident ASCVD may be estimated in patients with FH with simple clinical predictors. This finding may improve risk stratification and could be used to guide therapy in patients with FH.

Clinical Trial Registration:

URL:
http://clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT02693548.
Cardioversion Efficacy Using Pulsed Biphasic or Biphasic Truncated Exponential Waveforms: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Schmidt Anders S. , Lauridsen Kasper G. , Adelborg Kasper , Torp Peter , Bach Leif F. , Jepsen Simon M. , Hornung Nete , Deakin Charles D. , Rickers Hans , Løfgren Bo 
Published: March 2017

Background

Several different defibrillators are currently used for cardioversion and defibrillation of cardiac arrhythmias. The efficacy of a novel pulsed biphasic (
PB
) waveform has not been compared to other biphasic waveforms. Accordingly, this study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of
PB
shocks with biphasic truncated exponential (
BTE
) shocks in patients undergoing cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or ‐flutter.

Methods and Results

This prospective, randomized study included patients admitted for elective direct current cardioversion. Patients were randomized to receive cardioversion using either
PB
or
BTE
shocks. We used escalating shocks until sinus rhythm was obtained or to a maximum of 4 shocks. Patients randomized to
PB
shocks received 90, 120, 150, and 200 J and patients randomized to
BTE
shocks received 100, 150, 200, and 250 J, as recommended by the manufacturers. In total, 69 patients (51%) received
PB
shocks and 65 patients (49%)
BTE
shocks. Successful cardioversion, defined as sinus rhythm 4 hours after cardioversion, was achieved in 43 patients (62%) using
PB
shocks and in 56 patients (86%) using
BTE
shocks; ratio 1.4 (95% CI 1.1–1.7) (
P
=0.002). There was no difference in safety (ie, myocardial injury judged by changes in high‐sensitive troponin I levels; ratio 1.1) (95% CI 1.0–1.3),
P
=0.15. The study was terminated prematurely because of an adverse event.

Conclusions

Cardioversion using a
BTE
waveform was more effective when compared with a
PB
waveform. There was no difference in safety between the 2 waveforms, as judged by changes in troponin I levels.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
02317029.
Impact of Achieved Blood Pressure on First Stroke in Uncomplicated Grade 1 Hypertension
Authors: Qin Xianhui , Li Youbao , Sun Ningling , He Mingli , Tang Genfu , Yin Delu , Wang JiGuang , Liang Min , Wang Binyan , Huo Yong , Xu Xin , Xu Xiping , Hou Fan Fan 
Published: March 2017

Background

We aimed to test the impact of achieved blood pressure (
BP
) on first stroke among patients with grade 1 hypertension and without cardiovascular diseases in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial.

Methods and Results

A total of 3187 patients with uncomplicated grade 1 hypertension were included. The risk of outcomes was assessed according to: (1) the proportion of visits in which
BP
was reduced to <140/90 mm Hg, and (2) the time‐averaged systolic BP (
SBP
) or diastolic BP levels during the study treatment period. The median antihypertensive treatment duration was 4.6 years. Only 1.5% of the participants discontinued the treatments because of adverse reaction. Overall, the risk of stroke decreased with the increase of the proportion of study visits with
BP
<140/90 mm Hg (for per 5% increase; hazard ratio, 0.92 [95%
CI
, 0.87–0.98]). Consistently, compared with patients with time‐averaged
SBP
≥140 or diastolic BP ≥90 mm Hg, the risk of stroke was lower in patients with time‐averaged
SBP
of 120 to <140 mm Hg (1.1% versus 2.9%; hazard ratio, 0.39 [95%
CI
, 0.22–0.69]) or diastolic BP <90 mm Hg (1.5% versus 2.7%; hazard ratio, 0.41 [95%
CI
, 0.17–0.98]). The beneficial results were consistent across age (<60 versus ≥60 years), sex, baseline
SBP
(<150 versus 150 to <160 mm Hg), study treatment groups (enalapril or enalapril‐folic acid), and hypertension subtypes (isolated systolic hypertension or systolic‐diastolic hypertension). However, a time‐averaged
SBP
<120 mm Hg (versus 120–140 mm Hg) was associated with an increased risk for stroke. Similar results were observed for composite cardiovascular events or all‐cause death.

Conclusions

Achieved
BP
<140/90 mm Hg was significantly associated with a decreased risk of stroke or all‐cause death in patients with uncomplicated grade 1 hypertension.
CCR7‐CCL19/CCL21 Axis is Essential for Effective Arteriogenesis in a Murine Model of Hindlimb Ischemia
Authors: Nossent A. Yaël , Bastiaansen Antonius J. N. M. , Peters Erna A. B. , de Vries Margreet R. , Aref Zeen , Welten Sabine M. J. , de Jager Saskia C. A. , van der Pouw Kraan Tineke C. T. M. , Quax Paul H. A. 
Published: March 2017

Background

In order to identify factors that stimulate arteriogenesis after ischemia, we followed gene expression profiles in two extreme models for collateral artery formation over 28 days after hindlimb ischemia, namely “good‐responding” C57
BL
/6 mice and “poor‐responding”
BALB
/c mice.

Methods and Results

Although
BALB
/c mice show very poor blood flow recovery after ischemia, most known proarteriogenic genes were upregulated more excessively and for a longer period than in C57
BL
/6 mice. In clear contrast, chemokine genes
Ccl19
,
Ccl21a
, and
Ccl21c
and the chemokine receptor

CCR
7

were upregulated in C57
BL
/6 mice 1 day after hindlimb ischemia, but not in
BALB
/C mice.
CCL
19 and
CCL
21 regulate migration and homing of T lymphocytes via
CCR
7. When subjecting
CCR
7
−/−
/
LDLR
−/−
mice to hindlimb ischemia, we observed a 20% reduction in blood flow recovery compared with that in
LDLR
−/−
mice. Equal numbers of α‐smooth muscle actin–positive collateral arteries were found in the adductor muscles of both mouse strains, but collateral diameters were smaller in the
CCR
7
−/−
/
LDLR
−/−
. Fluorescence‐activated cell sorter analyses showed that numbers of
CCR
7
+
T lymphocytes (both
CD
4
+
and
CD
8
+
) were decreased in the spleen and increased in the blood at day 1 after hindlimb ischemia in
LDLR
−/−
mice. At day 1 after hindlimb ischemia, however, numbers of activated
CD
4
+
T lymphocytes were decreased in the draining lymph nodes of
LDLR
−/−
mice compared with
CCR
7
−/−
/
LDLR
−/−
mice.

Conclusions

These data show that
CCR
7‐
CCL
19/
CCL
21 axis facilitates retention
CD
4
+
T lymphocytes at the site of collateral artery remodeling, which is essential for effective arteriogenesis.
Gross Moist Stability Analysis: Assessment of Satellite-Based Products in the GMS Plane
Authors: Inoue Kuniaki , Back Larissa E. 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
New diagnostic applications of the gross moist stability (GMS) are proposed with demonstrations using satellite-based data. The plane of the divergence of column moist static energy (MSE) against the divergence of column dry static energy (DSE), referred to as the GMS plane here, is utilized. In this plane, one can determine whether the convection is in the amplifying phase or in the decaying phase; if a data point lies below (above) a critical line in the GMS plane, the convection is in the amplifying (decaying) phase. The GMS plane behaves as a phase plane in which each convective life cycle can be viewed as an orbiting fluctuation around the critical line, and this property is robust even on the MJO time scale. This phase-plane behavior indicates that values of the GMS can qualitatively predict the subsequent convective evolution. This study demonstrates that GMS analyses possess two different aspects: time-dependent and quasi-time-independent aspects. Transitions of time-dependent GMS can be visualized in the GMS plane as an orbiting fluctuation around the quasi-time-independent GMS line. The time-dependent GMS must be interpreted differently from the quasi-time-independent one, and the latter is the GMS relevant to moisture-mode theories. The authors listed different calculations of the quasi-time-independent GMS: (i) as a regression slope from a scatterplot and (ii) as a climatological quantity, which is the ratio of climatological MSE divergence to climatological DSE divergence. It is revealed that the latter, climatological GMS, is less appropriate as a diagnostic tool. Geographic variations in the quasi-time-independent GMS are plotted.
Quantifying the Effect of Horizontal Propagation of Three-Dimensional Mountain Waves on the Wave Momentum Flux Using Gaussian Beam Approximation
Authors: Xu Xin , Song Jinjie , Wang Yuan , Xue Ming 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
This work examines the influence of horizontal propagation of three-dimensional (3D) mountain waves on the wave momentum flux (WMF) within finite domains (e.g., the grid cell of general circulation models). Under the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation, analytical solutions are derived for hydrostatic nonrotating mountain waves using the Gaussian beam approximation (GBA), which incorporates both the wind vertical curvature effect and the height variation of stratification. The GBA solutions are validated against numerical simulations conducted using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). In the situation of idealized terrain, wind, and stratification, the WMF obtained from the GBA shows a good agreement with the numerical simulation. The effect of wind curvature in enhancing the WMF is captured, although the WKB-based GBA solution tends to overestimate the WMF, especially at small Richardson numbers of order unity. For realistic terrain and/or atmospheric conditions, there are some biases between the WKB GBA and simulated WMFs, arising from, for example, the missing physics of wave reflection. Nonetheless, the decreasing trend of finite-domain WMF with height, because of the horizontal propagation of 3D mountain waves, can be represented fairly well. Using the GBA, a new scheme is proposed to parameterize the orographic gravity wave drag (OGWD) in numerical models. Comparison with the traditional OGWD parameterization scheme reveals that the GBA-based scheme tends to produce OGWD at higher altitudes, as the horizontal propagation of mountain waves can reduce the wave amplitude and thus inhibit wave breaking.
An Integrated Approach for Assessing Tropical Cyclone Track and Intensity Forecasts
Authors: Zhang Wenqing , Xie Lian , Liu Bin , Guan Changlong 
Published: March 2017

Abstract
Track, intensity, and, in some cases, size are usually used as separate evaluation parameters to assess numerical model performance on tropical cyclone (TC) forecasts. Such an individual-parameter evaluation approach often encounters contradictory skill assessments for different parameters, for instance, small track error with large intensity error and vice versa. In this study, an intensity-weighted hurricane track density function (IW-HTDF) is designed as a new approach to the integrated evaluation of TC track, intensity, and size forecasts. The sensitivity of the TC track density to TC wind radius was investigated by calculating the IW-HTDF with density functions defined by 1) asymmetric, 2) symmetric, and 3) constant wind radii. Using the best-track data as the benchmark, IW-HTDF provides a specific score value for a TC forecast validated for a specific date and time or duration. This new TC forecast evaluation approach provides a relatively concise, integrated skill score compared with multiple skill scores when track, intensity and size are evaluated separately. It should be noted that actual observations of TC size data are very limited and so are the estimations of TC size forecasts. Therefore, including TC size as a forecast evaluation parameter is exploratory at the present. The proposed integrated evaluation method for TC track, intensity, and size forecasts can be used for evaluating the track forecast alone or in combination with intensity and size parameters. As observations and forecasts of TC size become routine in the future, including TC size as a forecast skill assessment parameter will become more imperative.