bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Signal Transduction and Activator of Transcription-3 (STAT3) in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Associations with the Phenotypic Features of the Tumor and Host
Authors: Park James H. , van Wyk Hester , McMillan Donald C. , Quinn Jean , Clark Jennifer , Roxburgh Campbell S.D. , Horgan Paul G. , Edwards Joanne 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Purpose: In patients with colorectal cancer, a high-density local inflammatory infiltrate response is associated with improved survival, whereas elevated systemic inflammatory responses are associated with poor survival. One potential unifying mechanism is the IL6/JAK/STAT3 pathway. The present study examines the relationship between tumor total STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3Tyr705 (pSTAT3) expression, host inflammatory responses, and survival in patients undergoing resection of stage I–III colorectal cancer.
Experimental Design: Immunohistochemical assessment of STAT3/pSTAT3 expression was performed using a tissue microarray and tumor cell expression divided into tertiles using the weighted histoscore. The relationship between STAT3/pSTAT3 expression and local inflammatory (CD3+, CD8+, CD45R0+, FOXP3+ T-cell density, and Klintrup–Mäkinen grade) and systemic inflammatory responses and cancer-specific survival were examined.
Results: A total of 196 patients were included in the analysis. Cytoplasmic and nuclear STAT3 expression strongly correlated (r = 0.363; P &lt; 0.001); nuclear STAT3 and pSTAT3 expression weakly correlated (r = 0.130; P = 0.068). Cytoplasmic STAT3 was inversely associated with the density of CD3+ (P = 0.012), CD8+ (P = 0.003), and FOXP3+ T lymphocytes (P = 0.002) within the cancer cell nests and was associated with an elevated systemic inflammatory response as measured by modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS2: 19% vs. 4%, P = 0.004).
The combination of nuclear STAT3/pSTAT3 stratified 5-year survival from 81% to 62% (P = 0.012), however, was not associated with survival independent of venous invasion, tumor perforation, or tumor budding.
Conclusions: In patients undergoing colorectal cancer resection, STAT3 expression was associated with adverse host inflammatory responses and reduced survival. Upregulation of tumor STAT3 may be an important mechanism whereby the tumor deregulates local and systemic inflammatory responses. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1698–709. ©2016 AACR.
Colorectal Cancer and Dysplasia in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Review of Disease Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management
Authors: Dulai Parambir S. , Sandborn William J. , Gupta Samir 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis are chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) characterized by recurrent episodes of mucosal inflammation. This chronic mucosal inflammation has several potential consequences, one of which is the occurrence of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Over the past decade, our understanding of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and overall approach to diagnosing and managing colitis-associated colorectal cancer has grown considerably. In the current review article, we outline these advancements and highlight areas in need of further research. Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 887–94. ©2016 AACR.
КОНЦЕПЦІЯ ІНФОРМАТИЗАЦІЇ ОХОРОНИ ЗДОРОВ’Я УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Mintser O. P. , Voronenko Yu. V. , Babintseva L. Yu. , Banchuk M. V. , Krasnov V. V. , Martsenyuk V. P. , Denysenko S. V. , Azarhkov O. Yu. , Shypiatskyi I. M. 
Published: September 2016

<p>Conception determines the general basis of health system informatization, its aim, principles, general architecture, basic stages and its program. Also there is described the logic of creation and structure of the state single health informational system. The questions of management, resource providing and accompaniment of the single informational health system, adjusting of pharmaceutical market, expected socio-economic effect and other questions are presented.</p>
“O beijo da palavrinha”, de Mia Couto: uma ponte entre literatura e bioética
Authors: Combinato Denise Stefanoni 
Published: September 2016

Este artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma análise bioética do conto “O beijo da palavrinha”, de Mia Couto, numa tentativa de aproximar Bioética e Literatura, a fim de promover uma reflexão sobre a morte e os cuidados no final da vida. A análise fundamenta-se na Psicologia histórico-cultural e em dois referenciais da Bioética: vulnerabilidade e solidariedade. Assim como se apresenta no conto a possibilidade de conhecer e sentir o mar mesmo na sua ausência, a expectativa desse texto é incentivar o acesso ao conhecimento, a elaboração de sentimentos e o desenvolvimento humano através da Literatura.
“Seu corpo não lhe pertence”: ciência ficção, corpo e medicina
Authors: Barossi Luana 
Published: September 2016

Este artigo propõe a leitura de alguns aspectos das obras A ilha do Doutor Moreau, de H. G. Wells e Never let me go, de Kazuo Ishiguro, considerando os processos de territorialização dos corpos outros pelo saber-poder da medicina.
Characteristics and Outcomes of Very Elderly Enrolled in a Prehospital Stroke Research Study
Authors: Sanossian Nerses , Apibunyopas Kathleen C. , Liebeskind David S. , Starkman Sidney , Burgos Adrian M. , Conwit Robin , Eckstein Marc , Pratt Frank , Stratton Sam , Hamilton Scott , Saver Jeffrey L. 
Published: September 2016

Background and Purpose—
Greater numbers of individuals aged ≥80 years enjoy a high quality of life, yet historically stroke trials have excluded this population. We aimed to describe a population of very elderly successfully enrolled into an acute stroke trial and compare their characteristics and outcomes with the younger cohort.

Methods—
We analyzed consecutive patients enrolled <2 hours of symptom onset in a prehospital stroke treatment trial, the FAST-MAG clinical trial (Field Administration of Stroke Therapy-Magnesium). We gathered demographic, treatment, and outcome data for nonelderly (<80 years old), very elderly (≥80 years old), and extreme elderly (≥90 years old). We describe key differences in the population of elderly and the impact of their inclusion on the clinical trial.

Results—
Of 1700 participants in FAST-MAG, there were 1210 nonelderly, 490 very elderly, and 60 extreme elderly subjects. Very elderly stroke patients successfully enrolled in a research study were more likely to be women, white, and have an ischemic mechanism rather than an intracerebral hemorrhage. Although the very elderly had generally poorer outcomes, 4 in 10 were functionally independent at 90 days.

Conclusions—
Inclusion of the very elderly population in acute stroke clinical trials would both significantly increase study participation and generalizability of future acute stroke clinical trials.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT00059332.
Representing Meaning with a Combination of Logical and Distributional Models
Authors: Beltagy I. , Roller Stephen , Cheng Pengxiang , Erk Katrin , Mooney Raymond J. 
Published: September 2016

NLP tasks differ in the semantic information they require, and at this time no single semantic representation fulfills all requirements. Logic-based representations characterize sentence structure, but do not capture the graded aspect of meaning. Distributional models give graded similarity ratings for words and phrases, but do not capture sentence structure in the same detail as logic-based approaches. It has therefore been argued that the two are complementary.We adopt a hybrid approach that combines logical and distributional semantics using probabilistic logic, specifically Markov Logic Networks. In this article, we focus on the three components of a practical system:11) Logical representation focuses on representing the input problems in probabilistic logic; 2) knowledge base construction creates weighted inference rules by integrating distributional information with other sources; and 3) probabilistic inference involves solving the resulting MLN inference problems efficiently. To evaluate our approach, we use the task of textual entailment, which can utilize the strengths of both logic-based and distributional representations. In particular we focus on the SICK data set, where we achieve state-of-the-art results. We also release a lexical entailment data set of 10,213 rules extracted from the SICK data set, which is a valuable resource for evaluating lexical entailment systems.2
Sampling Error Damping Method for a Cloud-Resolving Model Using a Dual-Scale Neighboring Ensemble Approach
Authors: Aonashi Kazumasa , Okamoto Kozo , Tashima Tomoko , Kubota Takuji , Ito Kosuke 
Published: September 2016

AbstractIn ensemble-based assimilation schemes for cloud-resolving models (CRMs), the precipitation-related variables have serious sampling errors. The purpose of the present study is to examine the sampling error properties and the forecast error characteristics of the operational CRM of the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMANHM) and to develop a sampling error damping method based on the CRM forecast error characteristics.The CRM forecast error was analyzed for meteorological disturbance cases using 100-member ensemble forecasts of the JMANHM. The ensemble forecast perturbation correlation had a significant noise associated with the precipitation-related variables, because of sampling errors. The precipitation-related variables were likely to suffer this sampling error in most precipitating areas. An examination of the forecast error characteristics revealed that the CRM forecast error satisfied the assumption of the spectral localization, while the spatial localization with constant scales, or variable localization, were not applicable to the CRM.A neighboring ensemble (NE) method was developed, which was based on the spectral localization that estimated the forecast error correlation at the target grid point, using ensemble members for neighboring grid points. To introduce this method into an ensemble-based variational assimilation scheme, the present study horizontally divided the NE forecast error into large-scale portions and deviations. As single observation assimilation experiments showed, this “dual-scale NE” method was more successful in damping the sampling error and generating plausible, deep vertical profile of precipitation analysis increments, compared to a simple spatial localization method or a variable localization method.
What do playing the trombone, becoming a comedian and teaching in executive education programs have in common? (Reflections from decades of bad jokes and wrong notes)
Authors: Straussman Jeffrey D 
Published: September 2016

Repertoire: –a stock of plays, dances, or pieces that a company or a performer knows or is prepared to perform. –the whole body of items that are regularly performed. –a stock of skills or types of behavior that a person habitually uses. https://www.google.com/#q=definition+of+repertoire Assessing the impact of teaching on student learning is an educational enterprise that has been going on for many years. Less common, however, is the evaluation of the impact of teaching on the instructor. That is, how does increasing teaching experience both in terms of the number of years doing it and the diversity of teaching experiences improve teaching? This is, of course, an empirical question. This paper focuses on one type of teaching experience and its overall contribution to improving instruction in public administration and policy. I draw from experience in short-term, non-degree teaching in executive programs (EEs). These programs are aimed at middle-level or senior government officials and may be as short as one day or as long as four weeks (on rare occasions longer). I show how this type of teaching can improve one’s teaching repertoire much like a young professional trombonist (think of Tommy Dorsey in his early 20s) or a fledging comedian trying to make the big time developing a professional repertoire. One’s repertoire is a combination of pedagogical technique and policy and management substance. Since short-term, non-degree teaching in EEs is different from degree-based, semester-length teaching, it presents specific challenges, especially for the novice EE instructor. As the repertoire improves via EE teaching, it is likely to transfer to more conventional graduate-level professional education. Case examples come from Hungary, the USA, China, Macedonia and Singapore.
Efficacy of Perioperative Lumbar Drainage following Endonasal Endoscopic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak Repair: A Meta‐analysis
Authors: Ahmed Omar H. , Marcus Sonya , Tauber Jenna R. , Wang Binhuan , Fang Yixin , Lebowitz Richard A. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivePerioperative lumbar drain (LD) use in the setting of endoscopic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak repair is a well‐established practice. However, recent data suggest that LDs may not provide significant benefit and may thus confer unnecessary risk. To examine this, we conducted a meta‐analysis to investigate the effect of LDs on postoperative CSF leak recurrence following endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea.Data SourcesA comprehensive search was performed with the following databases: Ovid MEDLINE (1947 to November 2015), EMBASE (1974 to November 2015), Cochrane Review, and PubMed (1990 to November 2015).Review MethodA meta‐analysis was performed according to PRISMA guidelines.ResultsA total of 1314 nonduplicate studies were identified in our search. Twelve articles comprising 508 cases met inclusion criteria. Overall, use of LDs was not associated with significantly lower postoperative CSF leak recurrence rates following endoscopic repair of CSF rhinorrhea (odds ratio: 0.89, 95% confidence interval: 0.40‐1.95) as compared with cases performed without LDs. Subgroup analysis of only CSF leaks associated with anterior skull base resections (6 studies, 153 cases) also demonstrated that lumbar drainage did not significantly affect rates of successful repair (odds ratio: 2.67, 95% confidence interval: 0.64‐11.10).ConclusionsThere is insufficient evidence to support that adjunctive lumbar drainage significantly reduces postoperative CSF leak recurrence in patients undergoing endoscopic CSF leak repair. Subgroup analysis examining only those patients whose CSF leaks were associated with anterior skull base resections demonstrated similar results. More level 1 and 2 studies are needed to further investigate the efficacy of LDs, particularly in the setting of patients at high risk for CSF leak recurrence.
Practice Patterns of Sleep Otolaryngologists at Training Institutions in the United States
Authors: Lam Austin S. , Wise Sarah K. , Dedhia Raj C. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo assess the practice characteristics of adult sleep otolaryngologists within US otolaryngology residency training programs.Study DesignCross‐sectional online survey.SettingOtolaryngology residency training programs.Subjects and MethodsProgram directors from 106 otolaryngology training programs in the United States were contacted. Program directors were instructed to forward a survey to otolaryngologists within the institution who provided Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Otolaryngology Milestone Project feedback in “sleep‐disordered breathing.” The survey assessed demographics, nonsurgical practices, and surgical/procedural practices of adult sleep otolaryngologists. Data were collected and analyzed.ResultsForty‐six surveys met inclusion criteria, representing 40 of 106 (38%) programs. Ninety‐three percent of respondents reported that residents gained a significant portion of their sleep medicine training from themselves (ie, the respondents), yet only 36% of respondents spent ≥50% of their time on sleep medicine/surgery. Forty‐one percent reported being board certified in sleep, with 18% having completed an ACGME fellowship in sleep medicine. Respondents with board certification were more likely to spend greater portions of their practice on sleep medicine/surgery, χ2(3, n = 44) = 23.161 (P <. 001), treat non–obstructive sleep apnea sleep disorders (13 of 18 vs 1 of 26, P <. 001), interpret polysomnograms (13 of 17 vs 1 of 15, P <. 001), and perform drug‐induced sleep endoscopy, χ2(1, n = 43) = 5.43, (P =. 02). A similar pattern was seen with stratification by ACGME sleep medicine fellowship.ConclusionThis study highlights the variance in practice patterns among sleep otolaryngologists who instruct residents. Board certification and fellowship training in sleep medicine significantly influence breadth of trainee exposure to this field. The highly disparate trainee experiences to sleep otolaryngology across US programs require attention.
Collagen and α‐Tubulin of Mouse Tympanic Membrane Fibroblasts Treated with Quinolones and Aminoglycosides
Authors: Milne‐Davies Bailey A. , Antonelli Patrick J. , Orobello Nicklas C. , Dirain Carolyn O. 
Published: September 2016

ObjectiveTo assess collagen and α‐tubulin levels of mouse tympanic membrane fibroblasts treated with quinolone and aminoglycoside antibiotics at concentrations found in eardrops.Study DesignProspective controlled cell culture study.SettingAcademic tertiary medical center.SubjectsMouse tympanic membrane fibroblasts.MethodsIn experiment 1, fibroblasts were treated with the following for 24 or 48 hours: phosphate‐buffered saline (negative control), dilute hydrochloric acid (positive control), 0.5% gatifloxacin, or commercially available 0.3% ciprofloxacin, 0.3% ciprofloxacin + 0.1% dexamethasone, 0.3% ofloxacin, 0.5% moxifloxacin, 0.3% gentamicin, or 3.5 mg/mL of neomycin + polymyxin B sulfate + hydrocortisone. In experiment 2, cells were treated with the pure form of gatifloxacin, gentamicin, ofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin. Cells were observed with phase‐contrast microscope until harvested. Proteins were extracted for Western blotting with antibodies against collagen α1 type I (collagen 1A1) and α‐tubulin, and for densitometry to quantify levels.ResultsCollagen and tubulin levels in fibroblasts treated with ofloxacin, moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin, or gentamicin for 24 hours were not different from the saline control. Fibroblasts treated with neomycin + polymyxin B + hydrocortisone, ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone, or ciprofloxacin for 24 hours had lower collagen 1A1 and α‐tubulin levels (allP<. 001) than the negative control. After 48 hours, fibroblasts treated with neomycin + polymyxin B sulfate + hydrocortisone, ciprofloxacin + dexamethasone, ciprofloxacin, or moxifloxacin had lower collagen 1A1 (P≤. 007) and α‐tubulin (P<. 0001; except ciprofloxacin,P=. 033) as compared with control. In experiment 2, only cells treated with ciprofloxacin had lower collagen 1A1 and α‐tubulin levels and cell viability (allP<. 0001) than control. Cytotoxicity assay and phase‐contrast images mirrored the protein findings.ConclusionThe adverse impact of topical antibiotic exposure on tympanic membrane collagen and tubulin protein levels is drug specific. This may be important for selection of ototopical therapy.
The effects of medication and current mood upon facial emotion recognition: findings from a large bipolar disorder cohort study
Authors: Bilderbeck Amy C , Atkinson Lauren Z , Geddes John R , Goodwin Guy M , Harmer Catherine J 
Published: September 2016

Objectives: Emotional processing abnormalities have been implicated in bipolar disorder (BD) but studies are typically small and uncontrolled. Here, facial expression recognition was explored in a large and naturalistically recruited cohort of BD patients. Methods: 271 patients with BD completed the facial expression recognition task. The effects of current medication together with the influence of current mood state and diagnostic subtype were assessed whilst controlling for the effects of demographic variables. Results: Patients who were currently receiving treatment with lithium demonstrated significantly poorer accuracy in recognising angry faces, an effect that held in a monotherapy sub-analysis comparing those participants on lithium only and those who were medication-free. Accuracy in recognising angry faces was also lower amongst participants currently taking dopamine antagonists (antipsychotics). Higher levels of current depressive symptoms were linked to poorer accuracy at identifying happy faces. Conclusion: Use of lithium and possibly dopamine antagonists may be associated with reduced processing of anger cues in BD. Findings support the existence of mood-congruent negative biases associated with depressive symptoms in BD. Observational cohort studies provide opportunities to explore the substantial effects of demographic, psychometric and clinical variables on cognitive performance and emotional processing.
Schizoid Femininities and Interstitial Spaces: Childhood and Gender in Celine Sciamma's Tomboy and P.J. Hogan's Peter Pan
Authors: Duschinsky Robbie 
Published: September 2016

AbstractChildhood innocence has often been treated by scholars as an empty, idealised signifier. This article contests such accounts, arguing that innocence is best regarded as a powerfully unmarked training in heternormativity, alongside class and race norms. This claim will be demonstrated through attention to two recent films addressing childhood: Celine Sciamma's Tomboy and P.J. Hogan's Peter Pan. The films characterise young femininity as an ‘impossible space’, in which subjects face the contradictory, schizoid demands to simultaneously show both childhood innocence and heteronormative femininity – or else face the threat of a spoiled identity. The plot of each film traces how the protagonist attempts to manoeuvre in the face of and precisely using this contradiction. In dramatising such manoeuvring, the films reveal the surprising forms of subjectivity (e.g. the tomboy) that can be inhabited for a time in the interstices between age and gender norms, and which might have lasting value. Both films thus dramatise how an interstitial space can offer possibilities for negotiating the terms under which a subject is inserted into dominant, recognisable forms of subjectivity.
Developing leadership competencies among medical trainees: five-year experience at the Cleveland Clinic with a chief residents’ training course
Authors: Farver Carol F , Smalling Susan , Stoller James K 
Published: September 2016

Objectives: Challenges in healthcare demand great leadership. In response, leadership training programs have been developed within academic medical centers, business schools, and healthcare organizations; however, we are unaware of any well-developed programs for physicians-in-training. Methods: To address this gap, we developed a two-day leadership development course for chief residents (CRs) at the Cleveland Clinic, framed around the concept of emotional intelligence. This paper describes our five-year experience with the CRs leadership program. Results: Since inception, 105 CRs took the course; 81 (77%) completed before-and-after evaluations. Participants indicated that they had relatively little prior knowledge of the concepts that were presented and that the workshop greatly enhanced their familiarity with leadership competencies. Qualitative analysis of open-ended responses indicated that attendees valued the training, especially in conflict resolution and teamwork, and indicated specific action plans for applying these skills. Furthermore, the workshop spurred some participants to express plans to learn more about leadership competencies. Conclusions: This study extends prior experience in offering an emotional intelligence-based leadership workshop for CRs. Though the program is novel, further research is needed to more fully understand the impact of leadership training for CRs and for the institutions and patients they serve.