bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multicriteria sensitivity analysis as a diagnostic tool for understanding model behaviour and characterizing model uncertainty
Authors: Haghnegahdar Amin , Razavi Saman , Yassin Fuad , Wheater Howard 
Published: September 2017

AbstractComplex hydrological models are being increasingly used nowadays for many purposes such as studying the impact of climate and land‐use change on water resources. However, building a high‐fidelity model, particularly at large scales, remains a challenging task, due to complexities in model functioning and behaviour and uncertainties in model structure, parameterization, and data. Global sensitivity analysis (GSA), which characterizes how the variation in the model response is attributed to variations in its input factors (e.g., parameters and forcing data), provides an opportunity to enhance the development and application of these complex models. In this paper, we advocate using GSA as an integral part of the modelling process by discussing its capabilities as a tool for diagnosing model structure and detecting potential defects, identifying influential factors, characterizing uncertainty, and selecting calibration parameters. Accordingly, we conduct a comprehensive GSA of a complex land surface–hydrology model, Modélisation Environmentale–Surface et Hydrologie (MESH), which combines the Canadian land surface scheme with a hydrological routing component, WATROUTE. Various GSA experiments are carried out using a new technique, called Variogram Analysis of Response Surfaces, for alternative hydroclimatic conditions in Canada using multiple criteria, various model configurations, and a full set of model parameters. Results from this study reveal that, in addition to different hydroclimatic conditions and SA criteria, model configurations can also have a major impact on the assessment of sensitivity. GSA can identify aspects of the model internal functioning that are counter‐intuitive and thus help the modeller to diagnose possible model deficiencies and make recommendations for improving development and application of the model. As a specific outcome of this work, a list of the most influential parameters for the MESH model is developed. This list, along with some specific recommendations, is expected to assist the wide community of MESH and Canadian land surface scheme users, to enhance their modelling applications.
Effective suppression of the high temperature DC performance degradation of AlInN/GaN HEMTs by back barrier
Authors: Dong Yan , Chen Dunjun , Lu Hai , Zhang Rong , Zheng Youdou 
Published: September 2017

AbstractPerformance degradation is an urgent obstacle for the practical high temperature applications of Al0.83In0.17N/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs). The present work investigates theoretically the feasibility of suppressing the high temperature performance degradation of Al0.83In0.17N/GaN HEMTs by inserting an In0.06Ga0.94N back barrier. The simulation results show that inserting a 3‐nm InGaN back barrier can substantially decrease the off‐state leakage current and increase the saturate drain current and the transconductance, no matter at room temperature or at 400 K, and meanwhile, the performance degradation of the HEMT at 400 K is also effectively suppressed.
Regional variation in Holocene climate quantified from pollen in the Great Plains of North America
Authors: Commerford Julie L. , Grimm Eric C. , Morris Christopher J. , Nurse Andrea , Stefanova Ivanka , McLauchlan Kendra K. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe Great Plains experienced extreme fluctuations in precipitation and temperature throughout the Holocene, but these fluctuations have been difficult to quantify systematically across the region. Pollen has long been used as a proxy for reconstructing climate changes, but its power is limited if a region is devoid of modern pollen samples to facilitate comparison with known climate conditions. Here, we present a set of pollen‐climate transfer functions developed using weighted‐averaging partial least squares to reconstruct mean annual precipitation (MAP), mean temperature of the coldest month (MTcold) and mean temperature of the warmest month (MTwarm). At the foundation of these transfer functions is a new set of 141 modern pollen samples that specifically cover the climate space of the Great Plains. These functions quantify the relationship between pollen assemblages and modern climate in this region (r = 0.928, 0.838 and 0.897 for MAP, MTcold and MTwarm, respectively). We applied these functions to three previously established pollen records taken from lacustrine sites in the region – Fox Lake, MN; Moon Lake, ND; and Kettle Lake, ND – to reconstruct precipitation and temperature at these sites throughout the Holocene. Annual precipitation reconstructed with these transfer functions at Moon Lake and Kettle Lake does not capture a severe, prolonged period of drought during the mid‐Holocene as seen in many other proxy records from these sites and from the region. Reconciliation of these results involves both the autecology of Ambrosia and the inability of any pollen surface samples to capture seasonal and short‐term variability in precipitation. Thus, the transfer functions correctly reconstruct periodic wet summers and a disturbance factor favouring Ambrosia, but miss the effects of reduced winter precipitation and increased frequency of severe drought. The problem revealed here may be more general to biomes with higher frequency disturbance regimes and more weedy species.
Pressurizing the mixtures of two ionic liquids: Crystallization versus vetrification
Authors: Capitani F. , Trequattrini F. , Palumbo O. , Roy P. , Postorino P. , Paolone A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA series of mixtures prepared with different content of the ionic liquids N‐trimethyl‐N‐propylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TMPA‐TFSI) and N‐trimethyl‐N‐hexylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (TMHA‐TFSI), namely, (TMPA‐TFSI)100−x (TMHA‐TFSI)x, is investigated by means of Raman spectroscopy as a function of pressure at room temperature. Both pure TMPA‐TFSI and the x = 2 mixture crystallize under an applied pressure lower than 1 GPa. On the contrary, for x > 7, none of the investigated mixtures crystallize, but they undergo a glass transition over the 1–2 GPa pressure range. We suggest that the disorder induced by the high number of possible configurations for the longer alkyl chain of TMHA‐TFSI in a compressed environment is a key factor in the suppression of the crystallization process.
Comparison of blueberry powder produced via foam‐mat freeze‐drying versus spray‐drying: evaluation of foam and powder properties
Authors: Darniadi Sandi , Ho Peter , Murray Brent S 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDBlueberry juice powder was developed via foam‐mat freeze‐drying (FMFD) and spray‐drying (SD) via addition of maltodextrin (MD) and whey protein isolate (WPI) at weight ratios of MD/WPI = 0.4 to 3.2 (with a fixed solids content of 5 wt% for FMFD and 10 wt% for SD). Feed rates of 180 and 360 mL h−1 were tested in SD. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the drying methods and carrier agents on the physical properties of the corresponding blueberry powders and reconstituted products.RESULTSRatios of MD/WPI = 0.4, 1.0 and 1.6 produced highly stable foams most suitable for FMFD. FMFD gave high yields and low bulk density powders with flake‐like particles of large size that were also dark purple with high red values. SD gave low powder recoveries. The powders had higher bulk density and faster rehydration times, consisting of smooth, spherical and smaller particles than in FMFD powders. The SD powders were bright purple but less red than FMFD powders. Solubility was greater than 95% for both FMFD and SD powders.CONCLUSIONThe FMFD method is a feasible method of producing blueberry juice powder and gives products retaining more characteristics of the original juice than SD. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
No induced mutagenesis in human lymphoblast cell line and bacterial systems upon their prolonged sub‐culturing in irradiated food blended media
Authors: Saxena Sudhanshu , Kumar Sanjeev , Tripathi Jyoti , Gautam Satyendra 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBACKGROUNDProfound apprehension towards safety of irradiated food has remained a major cause behind tardy acceptance of this technology although it has immense socio‐economic potential. Generation of in‐depth scientific evidence will help to refute these apprehensions. With this prospective, the present study was undertaken where safety of various irradiated (Dmin up to 25 kGy) foods was evaluated through long‐term exposure studies in models including human lymphoblast TK6 cell line (100 generations) and Escherichia coli MG1655 cells (exclusive sub‐culturing in irradiated food medium for 3000 generations). Additionally, the Ames test, micronucleus test, comet assay, DNA sequencing and restriction profiling of phagemid DNA from E. coli cells sub‐cultured in irradiated food medium were also performed.RESULTSNo induced mutagenesis was observed in these cells during long‐term sub‐culturing in various irradiated food medium. Also no change was observed in profiles of comet, micronucleus, restriction digestion, random amplification of polymorphic DNA as well as DNA sequences. The latter also ruled out the possibility of any silent mutation.CONCLUSIONFindings of the current study thus provided credible molecular evidence supporting the safety of irradiated foods. This would be helpful in confidence building among consumers, entrepreneurs, and strengthening the overall food irradiation program to achieve ‘food safety’ and ‘security’. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Timing of disease occurrence and hepatic resection on long‐term outcome of patients with neuroendocrine liver metastasis
Authors: Zhang Xu‐Feng , Beal Eliza W. , Weiss Matthew , Aldrighetti Luca , Poultsides George A. , Bauer Todd W. , Fields Ryan C. , Maithel Shishir K. , Marques Hugo P. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesThe objective of the study was to evaluate the impact of timing of disease occurrence and hepatic resection on long‐term outcome of neuroendocrine liver metastasis (NELM).MethodsA total of 420 patients undergoing curative‐intent resection for NELM were identified from a multi‐institutional database. Date of primary resection, NELM detection and resection, intraoperative details, disease‐specific (DSS), and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were obtained.ResultsA total of 243 (57.9%) patients had synchronous NELM, while 177 (42.1%) developed metachronous NELM. On propensity score matching (PSM), patients with synchronous versus metachronous NELM had comparable DSS (10‐year DSS, 76.2% vs 85.9%, P = 0.105), yet a worse RFS (10‐year RFS, 34.1% vs 59.8%, P = 0.008). DSS and RFS were comparable regardless of operative approach (simultaneous vs staged, both P > 0.1). Among patients who developed metachronous NELM, no difference in long‐term outcomes were identified between early (≤2 years, n = 102, 57.6%) and late (>2 years, n = 68, 42.4%) disease on PSM (both P > 0.1).ConclusionsPatients with synchronous NELM had a higher risk of tumor recurrence after hepatic resection versus patients with metachronous disease. The time to development of metachronous NELM did not affect long‐term outcome. Curative‐intent hepatic resection should be considered for patients who develop NELM regardless of the timing of disease presentation.
Emerging role of multimodality treatment in gall bladder cancer: Outcomes following 510 consecutive resections in a tertiary referral center
Authors: Patkar Shraddha , Ostwal Vikas , Ramaswamy Anant , Engineer Reena , Chopra Supriya , Shetty Nitin , Dusane Rohit , Shrikhande Shailesh V. , Goel Mahesh 
Published: September 2017

Background and ObjectivesGall bladder cancer (GBC) is a disease with high incidence in India. We analyzed the outcomes of patients with suspected GBC who underwent surgical exploration.MethodsAnalysis of a prospectively maintained database of patients undergoing surgical exploration for clinic‐radiologically suspected GBC from January 2010 to August 2015. Outcomes as well as factors influencing survival were analyzed.ResultsFive hundred and ten patients underwent surgery for suspected GBC. Of these 400 had histologically proven malignancy. Eighty patients were deemed inoperable. Radical cholecystectomy was performed in 153 patients, revision surgery for incidental GBC in 160 and port site excision in seven patients. A total of 112 received peri‐operative chemotherapy or chemoradiation. Majority were stage III (36%, n = 144) and stage II (31.8% n = 127). At a median follow up of 28.4 months, the median overall survival (OS) was not yet reached. Median disease free survival (DFS) was 33.4 months. Lymph node involvement, stage of the disease and resection status were the main factors influencing outcomes (P = 0.0001).ConclusionSurgery alone is curative only for early GBC (Stage I). Combination of surgery and peri‐operative systemic therapy results in favorable outcomes even in stage II/III disease. Potentially, multimodality treatment may add meaningful survival for this disease with inherently aggressive tumor biology.
The impact of perioperative CA19‐9 change on the survival and recurrence patterns after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in resectable extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Byoung Hyuck , Kim Eunji , Kim Kyubo , Jang Jin‐Young , Kim Sun Whe , Oh Do‐Youn , Chie Eui Kyu 
Published: September 2017

BackgroundsPerioperative CA19‐9 value in pancreato‐biliary cancers has been recognized as a prognostic factor. Herein, we investigated survival differences and recurrence patterns after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy by perioperative CA19‐9 change in surgically resected extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.MethodsPatients were divided into those with preoperative normal CA19‐9 (Group 1, n = 52), those with high preoperative and normalized postoperative CA19‐9 (Group 2, n = 80), and those with both high pre‐ and postoperative CA19‐9 (Group 3, n = 21).ResultsDepending on the group defined above, the 5‐year overall survival (OS) (59.6%, 38.7%, and 9.5%, P < 0.001) and disease‐free survival (55.8%, 31.2%, and 9.5%, P < 0.001) between the three groups differed. On multivariable analysis in patients other than group 1, poor prognosticators for OS were high postoperative CA19‐9 (HR 2.26, P = 0.008) and N1 disease (HR 2.33, P = 0.001). Group 3, compared with group 2, showed higher distant metastasis rate, shorter disease‐free interval, and higher CA19‐9 at the time of recurrence.ConclusionsSurvival and recurrence patterns after adjuvant chemoradiotherapy are significantly affected by perioperative CA19‐9 change. This may have important implications in patient selection for adjuvant chemoradiotherapy and clinical trial design.
Can small zooplankton mix lakes?
Authors: Simoncelli S. , Thackeray S. J. , Wain D. J. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe idea that living organisms may contribute to turbulence and mixing in lakes and oceans (biomixing) dates to the 1960s, but has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Recent modeling and experimental studies suggest that marine organisms can enhance turbulence as much as winds and tides in oceans, with an impact on mixing. However, other studies show opposite and contradictory results, precluding definitive conclusions regarding the potential importance of biomixing. For lakes, only models and lab studies are available. These generally indicate that small zooplankton or passive bodies generate turbulence but different levels of mixing depending on their abundance. Nevertheless, biogenic mixing is a complex problem, which needs to be explored in the field, to overcome limitations arising from numerical models and lab studies, and without altering the behavior of the animals under study.
Ionically Crosslinked Thermoresponsive Chitosan Hydrogels formed In Situ: A Conceptual Basis for Deeper Understanding
Authors: Rahmati Maryam , Milan Peiman Brouki , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali , Goodarzi Vahabodin , Saeb Mohammad Reza , Kargozar Saeid , Kaplan David L. , Mozafari Masoud 
Published: September 2017

AbstractIn situ formation and the performance of ionically crosslinked thermosensitive chitosan‐based hydrogels are presented. Experimental analyses, together with mechanistic descriptions of the events during hydrolysis, are employed to uncover the role of urea and isobutanol as chemical modifiers by comparing three classes of hydrogels formed in chitosan/β‐glycerolphosphate (β‐GP) solutions. Rheological measurements demonstrate that urea caused an increase in gelation time and temperature of chitosan/β‐GP systems, while isobutanol has an inverse effect. Interpretations based on increase in pH and chemical bonding of components in chitosan solutions provide further insight into hydrogel network formation. Urea can hinder the hydrophobic characteristics of chitosan‐based hydrogels, whereas isobutanol has the opposite effect. The shape retaining strategy applied here helps in simulation and interpretation of performance of thermosensitive hydrogels for biomedical purposes.
Chromosomal aneuploidies and copy number variations in posterior fossa abnormalities diagnosed by prenatal ultrasonography
Authors: Lei Ting , Feng Jie‐Ling , Xie Ying‐Jun , Xie Hong‐Ning , Zheng Ju , Lin Mei‐Fang 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the genetic aetiology of fetal posterior fossa abnormalities (PFAs).MethodsThis study involved cases of PFAs that were identified by prenatal ultrasonographic screening and confirmed postnatally between January 2012 and January 2016. Conventional cytogenetic analyses and chromosomal microarray analysis were performed, and chromosomal aneuploidies and copy number variations (CNVs) were identified.ResultsAmong 74 cases included in this study, 8 were of Blake's pouch cyst; 7, Dandy‐Walker malformation; 11, vermian hypoplasia; 32, enlarged cisterna magna; and 16, cerebellar hypoplasia. The rates of nonbenign chromosomal aberrations (including chromosomal aneuploidies, pathogenic CNVs, and variants of unknown significance) were 2/8 (25.0%), 2/7 (28.5%), 8/11 (72.7%), 7/32 (21.9%), and 6/16 (37.5%), respectively. Cases were also classified as isolated PFAs (30/74), PFAs with other central nervous system (CNS) abnormalities (13/74), or PFAs with extra‐CNS structural abnormalities (31/74). No fetuses with isolated PFAs or PFAs accompanied by other CNS abnormalities exhibited chromosomal aneuploidies or pathogenic CNVs. The rate of pathogenic chromosomal aberrations in the remaining fetuses was 17/31 (22.9%).ConclusionThe combined use of chromosomal microarray analysis and karyotype analysis might assist the prenatal diagnosis and management of PFAs, with extra‐CNS structural abnormalities being detected by ultrasonography.
Synthesis of star‐shaped poly(n‐butyl acrylate) oligomers with coumarin end groups and their networks for a UV‐tunable viscoelastic material
Authors: Honda Satoshi , Tanaka Nobuaki , Toyota Taro 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTSolvent‐free isothermal tuning of viscoelasticity of polymer materials is important for an emerging photochemical molding technology and photoreversible adhesives. In this study we designed a four‐armed star‐shaped poly(butyl acrylate, BA) oligomer having four coumarin end groups. The irradiation of UV at the wavelength of 365 nm (UV365) to the viscous poly(BA) oligomer under a solvent‐free condition produced a solid network material along with the progress of dimerization reaction with coumarin end groups. The subsequent irradiation of UV at the wavelength of 254 nm (UV254) caused dimer dissociation reaction to attain change in the mixing degree of star and network architectures in the material. Moreover, viscoelasticity of the network material was tunable by repetitive UV365 and UV254 irradiations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018, 56, 9–15
The effects of violations of the multivariate normality assumption in multivariate Shewhart and MEWMA control charts
Authors: Nidsunkid Sudarat , Borkowski John J. , Budsaba Kamon 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA multivariate Shewhart and a multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control charts are types of multivariate control charts for monitoring the mean vector. For those control charts, a multivariate normal distribution is an important assumption that is used to describe a behavior of a set of quality characteristics of interest. This research explores the sensitivity of average run lengths and standard deviation of run lengths for the multivariate Shewhart and the multivariate exponentially weighted moving average control charts when the normality assumption is incorrect.
Methanol oxidation on the PtPd(111) alloy surface: A density functional theory study
Authors: Xu Jing , Guo Sheng , Hou Fei , Li Jing , Zhao Lianming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe mechanisms of methanol (CH3OH) oxidation on the PtPd(111) alloy surface were systematically investigated by using density functional theory calculations. The energies of all the involved species were analyzed. The results indicated that with the removal of H atoms from adsorbates on PtPd(111) surface, the adsorption energies of (i) CH3OH, CH2OH, CHOH, and COH increased linearly, while those of (ii) CH3OH, CH3O, CH2O, CHO, and CO exhibited odd‐even oscillation. On PtPd(111) surface, CH3OH underwent the preferred initial CH bond scission followed by successive dehydrogenation and then CHO oxidation, that is, CH3OH → CH2OH → CHOH → CHO → CHOOH → COOH → CO2. Importantly, the rate‐determining step of CH3OH oxidation was found to switch from CO → CO2 on Pt(111) to COOH → CO2 + H on PtPd(111) with a lower energy barrier of 0.96 eV. Moreover, water also decomposed into OH more easily on PtPd(111) than on Pt(111). The calculated results indicate that alloying Pt with Pd could efficiently improve its catalytic performance for CH3OH oxidation through altering the primary pathways from the CO path on pure Pt to the non‐CO path on PtPd(111).