bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The iron-catalysed Suzuki coupling of aryl chlorides
Authors: Rowsell Benjamin J. S. , O’Brien Harry M. , Athavan Gayathri , Daley-Dee Patrick R. , Krieger Johannes , Richards Emma , Heaton Karl , Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Bedford Robin B. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThe very widely exploited Suzuki biaryl coupling reaction typically requires catalysts based on palladium, but there is an increasing desire to replace this metal with a more sustainable, less expensive alternative, with catalysts based on iron being a particularly attractive target. Here we show that a simple iron-based catalyst with an N-heterocyclic carbene ligand can be used to excellent effect in the Suzuki biaryl coupling of aryl chloride substrates with aryl boronic esters activated by an organolithium reagent. Mechanistic studies suggest the possible involvement of Fe(I) as the lowest oxidation state on the catalytic manifold and show that the challenging step is not activation of the aryl chloride substrate, but rather the transmetallation step. These findings are likely to lead to a renaissance of iron-catalysed carbon–carbon bond-forming transformations with soft nucleophilic coupling partners.
Identification of tauopathy-associated lipid signatures in Alzheimer’s disease mouse brain using label-free chemical imaging
Authors: Meng Hao , Elliott Alicia , Mansfield Jessica , Bailey Michelle , Frogley Mark , Cinque Gianfelice , Moger Julian , Stone Nick , Tamagnini Francesco , Palombo Francesca 
Published: October 2024

AbstractThere is cumulative evidence that lipid metabolism plays a key role in the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Visualising lipid content in a non-destructive label-free manner can aid in elucidating the AD phenotypes towards a better understanding of the disease. In this study, we combined multiple optical molecular-specific methods, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic imaging, synchrotron radiation-infrared (SR-IR) microscopy, Raman and stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) microscopy, and optical-photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) microscopy with multivariate data analysis, to investigate the biochemistry of brain hippocampus in situ using a mouse model of tauopathy (rTg4510). We observed a significant difference in the morphology and lipid content between transgenic (TG) and wild type (WT) samples. Immunohistochemical staining revealed some degree of microglia co-localisation with elevated lipids in the brain. These results provide new evidence of tauopathy-related dysfunction in a preclinical study at a subcellular level.
Potential for photosynthesis on Mars within snow and ice
Authors: Khuller Aditya R. , Warren Stephen G. , Christensen Philip R. , Clow Gary D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOn Earth, solar radiation can transmit down to multiple metres within ice, depending on its optical properties. Organisms within ice can harness energy from photosynthetically active radiation while being protected from damaging ultraviolet radiation. On Mars, the lack of an effective ozone shield allows ~30% more damaging ultraviolet radiation to reach the surface in comparison with Earth. However, our radiative transfer modelling shows that despite the intense surface ultraviolet radiation, there are radiatively habitable zones within exposed mid-latitude ice on Mars, at depths ranging from a few centimetres for ice with 0.01–0.1% dust, and up to a few metres within cleaner ice. Numerical models predict that dense dusty snow in the martian mid-latitudes can melt below the surface at present. Thus, if small amounts of liquid water are available at these depths, mid-latitude ice exposures could represent the most easily accessible locations to search for extant life on Mars.
A platform-agnostic deep reinforcement learning framework for effective Sim2Real transfer towards autonomous driving
Authors: Li Dianzhao , Okhrin Ostap 
Published: October 2024

AbstractAutonomous driving presents unique challenges, particularly in transferring agents trained in simulation to real-world environments due to the discrepancies between the two. To address this issue, here we propose a robust Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) framework that incorporates platform-dependent perception modules to extract task-relevant information, enabling the training of a lane-following and overtaking agent in simulation. This framework facilitates the efficient transfer of the DRL agent to new simulated environments and the real world with minimal adjustments. We assess the performance of the agent across various driving scenarios in both simulation and the real world, comparing it to human drivers and a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) baseline in simulation. Additionally, we contrast it with other DRL baselines to clarify the rationale behind choosing this framework. Our proposed approach helps bridge the gaps between different platforms and the Simulation to Reality (Sim2Real) gap, allowing the trained agent to perform consistently in both simulation and real-world scenarios, effectively driving the vehicle.
A never-ending story of reforms: on the wicked nature of the Common Agricultural Policy
Authors: Mennig Philipp 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIn early 2024, European farmers protested against the current agricultural system and mainly the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), criticising its restrictive regulations. While economic theory has explained the CAP design by focusing on agricultural sector peculiarities, it overlooks social and political factors complicating agricultural policy-making. This perspective develops a multifactorial framework to address these complexities and highlights the need for better collaboration, communication, and empirical, interdisciplinary evidence for successful agricultural policy-making.
Autophagy adaptors mediate Parkin-dependent mitophagy by forming sheet-like liquid condensates
Authors: Yang Zi , Yoshii Saori R , Sakai Yuji , Zhang Jing , Chino Haruka , Knorr Roland L , Mizushima Noboru 
Published: October 2024

AbstractDuring PINK1- and Parkin-mediated mitophagy, autophagy adaptors are recruited to damaged mitochondria to promote their selective degradation. Autophagy adaptors such as optineurin (OPTN) and NDP52 facilitate mitophagy by recruiting the autophagy-initiation machinery, and assisting engulfment of damaged mitochondria through binding to ubiquitinated mitochondrial proteins and autophagosomal ATG8 family proteins. Here, we demonstrate that OPTN and NDP52 form sheet-like phase-separated condensates with liquid-like properties on the surface of ubiquitinated mitochondria. The dynamic and liquid-like nature of OPTN condensates is important for mitophagy activity, because reducing the fluidity of OPTN-ubiquitin condensates suppresses the recruitment of ATG9 vesicles and impairs mitophagy. Based on these results, we propose a dynamic liquid-like, rather than a stoichiometric, model of autophagy adaptors to explain the interactions between autophagic membranes (i.e., ATG9 vesicles and isolation membranes) and mitochondrial membranes during Parkin-mediated mitophagy. This model underscores the importance of liquid-liquid phase separation in facilitating membrane-membrane contacts, likely through the generation of capillary forces.
An Orai1 gain-of-function tubular aggregate myopathy mouse model phenocopies key features of the human disease
Authors: Zhao Nan , Michelucci Antonio , Pietrangelo Laura , Malik Sundeep , Groom Linda , Leigh Jennifer , O’Connor Thomas N , Takano Takahiro , Kingsley Paul D , Palis James , Boncompagni Simona , Protasi Feliciano , Dirksen Robert T 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTubular aggregate myopathy (TAM) is a heritable myopathy primarily characterized by progressive muscle weakness, elevated levels of creatine kinase (CK), hypocalcemia, exercise intolerance, and the presence of tubular aggregates (TAs). Here, we generated a knock-in mouse model based on a human gain-of-function mutation which results in a severe, early-onset form of TAM, by inducing a glycine-to-serine point mutation in the ORAI1 pore (Orai1G100S/+ or GS mice). By 8 months of age, GS mice exhibited significant muscle weakness, exercise intolerance, elevated CK levels, hypocalcemia, and robust TA presence. Unexpectedly, constitutive Ca2+ entry in mutant mice was observed in muscle only during early development and was abolished in adult skeletal muscle, partly due to reduced ORAI1 expression. Consistent with proteomic results, significant mitochondrial damage and dysfunction was observed in skeletal muscle of GS mice. Thus, GS mice represent a powerful model for investigation of the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie key TAM symptoms, as well as those compensatory responses that limit the damaging effects of uncontrolled ORAI1-mediated Ca2+ influx.
Techno-economic insights and deployment prospects of permanent carbon dioxide sequestration in solid carbonates
Authors: Mühlbauer Andreas , Keiner Dominik , Breyer Christian 
Published: October 2024

While a rapid defossilisation of the energy system is the highest priority, additional post-fossil CDR for net-negative emissions will be necessary. Routes for mineralisation (in situ-, ex situ mineralisation, enhanced rock weathering) are examined.
Maximizing the “Functional” in the Functional External Memory Aid Tool for Patient-Centered Treatment Planning in Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Lanzi Alyssa M. , Mendez Julia L. , Tobin Megan , Johnson Melissa A. 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
The Functional External Memory Aid Tool (FEMAT) is an 11-item performance-based measure that simulates everyday tasks (e.g., medication management) to measure one's use of compensation (e.g., pill organizer). The FEMAT is not a norm-referenced diagnostic tool; rather, it is designed to provide clinicians with information about a patient's function and compensation in a standardized format. To provide further evidence for validity of the FEMAT, the purpose of this study was to conduct a mixed-methods analysis of FEMAT responses to operationalize the types of behaviors elicited during test administration.

Method:
We adopted an embedded single-case study design to analyze the FEMAT administrations of 12 community-dwelling female participants, ages 73–90 years, who met criteria for mild cognitive impairment. These participants were part of the original validation sample during which they completed the FEMAT (Version 1.0) in a single session with an assessor. Sessions were video-recorded and transcribed. We analyzed the data qualitatively in two phases using theme and subtheme codes and then quantitatively analyzed the data for response trends.

Results:
Our thematic analysis revealed four themes to operationalize participants' verbal and behavioral FEMAT responses: (a) used an external memory aid (EMA), (b) described using a strategy, (c) discussed memory and comprehension, and (d) discussed functional information. While completing the FEMAT, most participants described using a strategy (85%) and discussed their self-perceived memory and comprehension (33%). Several subthemes also emerged within each theme (e.g., self-perceived memory strengths and barrier).

Conclusions:
Our analysis suggests that beyond a 4-point item score, the FEMAT elicits behavioral (e.g., used an EMA) and verbal (e.g., discussion of health information) content that may be useful for person-centered treatment planning. This study is part of a comprehensive research agenda establishing the evidence for the validity of the FEMAT to support its use to inform person-centered treatment approaches.
Divided Attention Has Limited Effects on Speech Sensorimotor Control
Authors: Krakauer Jenna , Naber Chris , Niziolek Caroline A. , Parrell Benjamin 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
When vowel formants are externally perturbed, speakers change their production to oppose that perturbation both during the ongoing production (compensation) and in future productions (adaptation). To date, attempts to explain the large variability across individuals in these responses have focused on trait-based characteristics such as auditory acuity, but evidence from other motor domains suggests that attention may modulate the motor response to sensory perturbations. Here, we test the extent to which divided attention impacts sensorimotor control for supralaryngeal articulation.

Method:
Neurobiologically healthy speakers were exposed to random (Experiment 1) or consistent (Experiment 2) real-time auditory perturbation of vowel formants to measure online compensation and trial-to-trial adaptation, respectively. In both experiments, participants completed two conditions: one with a simultaneous visual distractor task to divide attention and one without this secondary task.

Results:
Divided visual attention slightly reduced online compensation, but only starting > 300 ms after vowel onset, well beyond the typical duration of vowels in speech. Divided attention had no effect on adaptation.

Conclusions:
The results from both experiments suggest that the use of sensory feedback in typical speech motor control is a largely automatic process unaffected by divided visual attention, suggesting that the source of cross-speaker variability in response to formant perturbations likely lies within the speech production system rather than in higher-level cognitive processes. Methodologically, these results suggest that compensation for formant perturbations should be measured prior to 300 ms after vowel onset to avoid any potential impact of attention or other higher-order cognitive factors.
Language Profiles of School-Age Children With 16p11.2 Copy Number Variants in a Clinically Ascertained Cohort
Authors: Verbesselt Jente , Breckpot Jeroen , Zink Inge , Swillen Ann 
Published: October 2024

Purpose:
Individuals with proximal 16p11.2 copy number variants (CNVs), either deletions (16p11.2DS) or duplications (16p11.2Dup), are predisposed to neurodevelopmental difficulties and disorders, such as language disorders, intellectual disability, and autism spectrum disorder. The purpose of the current study was to characterize language profiles of school-age children with proximal 16p11.2 CNVs, in relation to the normative sample and unaffected siblings of children with 16p11.2DS.

Method:
Standardized language tests were conducted in 33 school-age children with BP4–BP5 16p11.2 CNVs and eight unaffected siblings of children with 16p11.2DS to evaluate language production and comprehension skills across various language domains. A standardized intelligence test was also administered, and parents completed a standardized questionnaire to assess autistic traits. Language profiles were compared across 16p11.2 CNVs and intrafamilial pairs. The influence of nonverbal intelligence and autistic traits on language outcomes was investigated.

Results:
No significant differences were found between children with 16p11.2DS and those with 16p11.2Dup, although both groups exhibited significantly poorer language skills compared to the normative sample and unaffected siblings of children with 16p11.2DS. Severe language deficits were identified in 70% of individuals with 16p11.2 CNVs across all language subdomains, with significantly better receptive vocabulary skills than overall receptive language abilities. In children with 16p11.2DS, expressive language deficits were more pronounced than receptive deficits. In contrast, only in children with 16p11.2Dup did nonverbal intelligence influence their language outcomes.

Conclusions:
The current study contributes to the deeper understanding of language profiles in 16p11.2 CNVs in a clinically ascertained cohort, indicating generalized deficits across multiple language domains, rather than a syndrome-specific pattern targeting specific subdomains. The findings underscore the importance of early diagnosis, targeted therapy, and monitoring of language skills in children with 16p11.2 CNVs.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.27228702
Forecasting masked‐load with invisible distributed energy resources based on transfer learning and Bayesian tuning
Authors: Zhou Ziyan , Ren Chao , Xu Yan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractLoad forecasting with distributed energy resources (DERs) behind‐the‐meter is more challenging owing to transformed data patterns. Traditional forecasting method which is only based on unmasked‐load could not suit the present limited masked‐load. To bridge the divergence between unmasked‐load and masked‐load, this article proposes a masked‐load forecasting (MLF) method based on transfer learning technique and Bayesian optimization, which is Maximum Mean Discrepancy‐Neural Network with Bayesian optimization (MMD‐NNb). At first, common feature vectors between unmasked‐load and masked‐load are extracted and an outcome predictor could be established based on feature vectors from historical unmasked‐load. The feature vectors from masked‐load could therefore accommodate to the outcome predictor, and the masked‐load could be forecast. Owing to the excessive hyperparameters involved in training, Bayesian optimization is adopted for hyperparameters fine‐tuning. MMD‐NNb was tested and compared with four related models. The improvements from MMD‐NNb were observed in all comparison scenarios. Also, MMD‐NNb was proved to have high resilience to the different DERs and not requiring additional DERs‐data.
Anticancer effect of surface functionalized nano titanium dioxide with 5‐fluorouracil on oral cancer cell line—An in vitro study
Authors: Rivera Rodriguez Marco Antonio , Campos‐Ibarra Verónica , Rasu Chettiar Aruna‐Devi , Marasamy Latha , Manisekaran Ravichandran 
Published: October 2024

Abstract5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU) is a chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat different types of cancers. However, many patients present with obstacles during treatment due to 5‐FU drug resistance. To overcome these drawbacks, a novel drug‐loaded nanocarrier (NC) comprising titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles surface functionalized with 5‐FU to facilitate drug delivery is developed. This study designs and evaluates the antitumour effects of NCs in oral cancer (OC) cell lines of lymphoid origin. NCs were synthesized by biofunctionalization of TiO2 nanoparticles with 3‐aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) which was then loaded with 5‐FU. in vitro drug release was determined at three different pH values. The effect of chemotherapy was studied in mono‐ and co‐culture systems comprising OC cells and human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs). From these studies, it is noted that after 24 h in an acidic medium (pH 5.5), more than 80% of 5‐FU was released compared to that at basic pH. The cytotoxicity was higher when 5‐FU was combined with the system TiO2‐APTES, in comparison with 5‐FU alone was used. The drug‐loaded NC showed an increased antitumour effect in the OC cell line with minimal cytotoxicity to hGFs. The anticancer effect of TiO2/5‐FU could be highly effective in the tumour microenvironment.
Spectral evolution of hot hybrid white dwarfs
Authors: Filiz Semih , Werner Klaus , Rauch Thomas , Reindl Nicole 
Published: October 2024

Context. Hydrogen-rich white dwarfs (WDs) comprise the majority of the WD population, but are only rarely found at the very hot end of the WD cooling sequence. A small subgroup that exhibits both hydrogen and helium lines in their spectra, the so-called hybrid (or DAO) WDs, represents the majority of hydrogen-rich WDs at effective temperatures Teff ≈ 100 kK.
Aims. We aim to understand the spectral evolution of hot hybrid WDs. Although small in number, they represent an evolutionary phase for most (≈ 75%) WDs.
Methods. We conducted a nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) analysis with fully metal line blanketed model atmospheres for the ultraviolet (UV) and optical spectra of a sample of 19 DA and 13 DAO WDs with Teff > 60 kK. The UV spectra allow us to precisely measure the temperature through model fits to metal lines in different ionization stages. This enables us to place the WDs accurately on the cooling sequence.
Results. In contrast to earlier studies that typically relied on temperature measurements made from hydrogen lines alone, all DAOs in our sample are clearly hotter than the DAs. DAOs transform into DAs when they cool to Teff ≈ 75–85 kK, depending on their mass. Along the cooling sequence, we witness a gradual decrease in the abundance of helium and the CNO elements in the DAOs due to gravitational settling. Simultaneously, iron and nickel abundances increase up to the transition region because radiative forces act more efficiently on them. This is followed by a steady decline. We discuss the implications of our results on atomic diffusion theory and on the role of weak radiation-driven winds in hot hydrogen-rich WDs.
Abundances of iron-peak elements in 58 bulge spheroid stars from APOGEE
Authors: Barbuy B. , Friaça A. C. S. , Ernandes H. , da Silva P. , Souza S. O. , Fernández-Trincado J. G. , Cunha K. , Smith V. V. , Masseron T. , Pérez-Villegas A. , Chiappini C. , Queiroz A. B. A. , Santiago B. X. , Beers T. C. , Anders F. , Schiavon R. P. , Valentini M. , Minniti D. , Geisler D. , Souto D. , Placco V. M. , Zoccali M. , Feltzing S. , Schultheis M. , Nitschelm C. 
Published: October 2024

Context. Stars presently identified in the bulge spheroid are probably very old, and their abundances can be interpreted as due to the fast chemical enrichment of the early Galactic bulge. The abundances of the iron-peak elements are important tracers of nucleosynthesis processes, in particular oxygen burning, silicon burning, the weak s-process, and α-rich freeze-out.
Aims. The aim of this work is to derive the abundances of V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu in 58 bulge spheroid stars and to compare them with the results of a previous analysis of data from the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE).
Methods. We selected the best lines for V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu located within the H-band of the spectrum, identifying the most suitable ones for abundance determination, and discarding severe blends. Using the stellar physical parameters available for our sample from the DR17 release of the APOGEE project, we derived the individual abundances through spectrum synthesis. We then complemented these measurements with similar results from different bulge field and globular cluster stars, in order to define the trends of the individual elements and compare with the results of chemical-evolution models.
Results. We verify that the H-band has useful lines for the derivation of the elements V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, and Cu in moderately metalpoor stars. The abundances, plotted together with others from high-resolution spectroscopy of bulge stars, indicate that: V, Cr, and Ni vary in lockstep with Fe; Co tends to vary in lockstep with Fe, but could be showing a slight decrease with decreasing metallicity; and Mn and Cu decrease with decreasing metallicity. These behaviours are well reproduced by chemical-evolution models that adopt literature yields, except for Cu, which appears to drop faster than the models predict for [Fe/H]<−0.8. Finally, abundance indicators combined with kinematical and dynamical criteria appear to show that our 58 sample stars are likely to have originated in situ.