bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First Total Synthesis and Biological Potential of a Heptacyclopeptide of Plant Origin
Authors: Dahiya Rajiv , Singh Sunil 
Published: October 2016

AbstractSynthesis of a natural glycine‐rich heptacyclopeptide ‐ mahafacyclin A (7) was accomplished by solution‐phase technique of peptide synthesis via coupling of tetrapeptide unit Boc‐L‐Thr‐L‐Ile‐L‐Leu‐Gly‐OH with tripeptide unit L‐Val‐L‐Phe‐Gly‐OMe followed by cyclization of linear heptapeptide fragment. Structure of the newly synthesized cyclopolypeptide was confirmed by means of chemical, spectroscopic analyses and subjected to antibacterial, antifungal and anthelmintic activity studies. Bioactivity results showed potent antifungal and anthelmintic activities of the synthesized peptide against dermatophytes T. mentagrophytes, M. audouinii and earthworm species M. konkanensis, P. corethruses and E. eugeniea.
Controllable Effect of Structural Modification of Sulfonylurea Herbicides on Soil Degradation
Authors: Hua Xuewen , Zhou Shaa , Chen Minggui , Wei Wei , Liu Ming , Lei Kang , Zhou Sha , Li Yonghong , Wang Baolei , Li Zhengming 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe study of soil degradation behaviors of sulfonylurea herbicides in relation to their different structural attributes is utmost important for us to comprehend the development of new eco‐friendly herbicides. It is postulated that the structural modification of the chemical structures could influence their degradation rates in soil. Nine devised structures were synthesized to study their herbicidal activity as well as their soil degradation behaviors respectively. The novel compounds I‐3–I‐7 were characterized by UV, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, MS and EA. Bioassays indicated that most of target compounds displayed superior herbicidal activities in comparison with Chlorsulfuron. Soil degradation results further confirmed our previous assumption that the introduction of electron‐donating substituents at 5th position of the benzene ring distinctly increased their degradation rates, among which dimethylamino and diethylamino groups can adjust the degradation rate to a more favorable status.
Electrochemical Investigations on the Inactivation of the [FeFe] Hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans by O2 or Light under Hydrogen‐Producing Conditions
Authors: Rodríguez‐Maciá Patricia , Birrell James A. , Lubitz Wolfgang , Rüdiger Olaf 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe applicability of the extremely active [FeFe] hydrogenase from Desulfovibrio desulfuricans in H2‐producing devices is studied. Despite being the most active enzyme for H2 catalysis, its high sensitivity towards O2 has prevented its use in electrolytic water splitting cells. Using electrochemical methods, the catalytic activity of the enzyme at H2‐producing potentials and its inactivation upon exposure to limited amounts of O2 or under illumination is analysed. This enzyme is shown to maintain H2 production activity for extended periods of time at low potentials. At such potentials, the enzyme can deliver the required electrons to fully reduce O2 to H2O, minimising the damage of the enzyme. Additionally, the robustness of this enzyme under illumination at negative applied potentials is demonstrated. These results show that the [FeFe] hydrogenase from D. desulfuricans is an excellent candidate to be used in devices to store solar energy in hydrogen.
A Bimetallic Aluminium(Salphen) Complex for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Wu Xiao , North Michael 
Published: October 2016

AbstractA bimetallic aluminium(salphen) complex is reported as a sustainable, efficient and inexpensive catalyst for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide. In the presence of this complex and tetrabutylammonium bromide, terminal and internal epoxides reacted at 50 °C and 10 bar carbon dioxide pressure to afford their corresponding cyclic carbonates in yields of 50–94 % and 30–71 % for terminal and internal cyclic carbonates, respectively. Mechanistic studies using deuterated epoxides and an analogous monometallic aluminium(salphen) chloride complex support a mechanism for catalysis by the bimetallic complex, which involves intramolecular cooperative catalysis between the two aluminium centres.
Urine cytology of nonurothelial malignancies—a 10‐year experience in a large multihospital healthcare system
Authors: Savant Deepika , Bajaj Jaya , Gimenez Cecilia , Rafael Oana C. , Mirzamani Neda , Chau Karen , Klein Melissa , Das Kasturi 
Published: October 2016

BackgroundUrine cytology is the most frequently utilized test to detect urothelial cancer. Secondary bladder neoplasms need to be recognized as this impacts patient management. We report our experience on nonurothelial malignancies (NUM) detected in urine cytology over a 10‐year period.MethodsA 10‐year retrospective search for patients with biopsy‐proven NUM to the urothelial tract yielded 25 urine samples from 14 patients. Two cytopathologists blinded to the original cytology diagnosis reviewed the cytology and histology slides. The incidence, cytomorphologic features, diagnostic accuracy, factors influencing the diagnostic accuracy, and clinical impact of the cytology result were studied.ResultsThe incidence of NUM was <1%. The male:female ratio was 1.3. An abnormality was detected in 60% of the cases; however, in only 4% of the cases, a primary site was identified accurately. Of the false negatives, 96% was deemed as sampling errors and 4% was interpretational. Patient management was not impacted in any of the false‐negative cases due to concurrent or past tissue diagnosis.ConclusionColon cancer was the most frequent secondary tumor. Sampling error attributed to the false‐negative results. Necrosis and dirty background was often associated with metastatic lesions from colon. Obtaining history of a primary tumor elsewhere was a key factor in diagnosis of a metastatic lesion. Hematopoietic malignancies remain to be a diagnostic challenge. Cytospin preparations were superior for evaluating nuclear detail and background material as opposed to monolayer (Thinprep) technology. Diagnostic accuracy was improved by obtaining immunohistochemistry. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2017;45:22–28. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dry riverbeds: corridors for terrestrial vertebrates
Authors: Sánchez‐Montoya María M. , Moleón Marcos , Sánchez‐Zapata Jose A. , Tockner Klement 
Published: October 2016

AbstractRiparian areas along rivers are essential movement corridors for terrestrial animals. However, the potential role of the dry bed of intermittent rivers as a movement corridor has been largely ignored. In this study, we investigated the use of the dry riverbed, compared with riparian, upland, and unpaved road habitats, by terrestrial vertebrates (mammals, reptiles, and birds) along two intermittent streams in Spain. Seventy‐two marble dust stations were established to record the identity, number, and direction of vertebrate tracks in spring and summer. We performed generalized linear mixed models to disentangle the environmental factors affecting the frequency of occurrence (tracks per station and visit) of vertebrates. The mean frequency of occurrence was similar in both streams and included mainly small mammals, reptiles, and birds. Dry beds were widely used by vertebrates, especially along the densely vegetated Rogativa catchment. Within dry beds, directional tracks were more frequent than tracks without a recognizable direction or with changing direction; tracks that ran parallel to the riverline were particularly frequent in summer; and upward tracks predominated in one study stream in summer. Our results highlight that dry riverbeds are important movement corridors for a wide range of terrestrial vertebrates, thus enhancing natural connectivity and supporting biodiversity and ecological processes along rivers and within the entire catchment.
Variation in plant‐mediated intra‐ and interspecific interactions among insect herbivores: effects of host genotype
Authors: McNutt David W. , Underwood Nora 
Published: October 2016

AbstractMany studies show that indirect interactions between insect herbivores via shared host plants are common and often mediated by plant‐induced responses to damage. However, we lack some types of data that will be needed to model how plant‐mediated interactions on individual plants contribute to the population dynamics of interacting herbivores. Specifically, there are few simultaneous characterizations of both the intra‐ and interspecific effects that are mediated by the host plant, as well as host plant constitutive resistance. Additionally, as herbivores are likely to move among plants that differ in quality, we must consider how this set of intra‐ and interspecific effects differs among plant genotypes—that is, how plant‐mediated effects genetically vary or covary. We examined how the set of intra‐ and interspecific indirect effects involving the insect folivores Leptinotarsa juncta and Manduca sexta varies across different genotypes of a shared host plant, Solanum carolinense. We damaged 12 plant genotypes using both herbivore species, then measured effects on the growth of both con‐ and heterospecifics, as well as constitutive resistance to each herbivore. We then tested for genetic variation and covariation in plant‐mediated effects and constitutive resistance among plant genotypes. We found that on average, there were significant negative intraspecific plant‐mediated effects on the growth rate of both herbivores, as well as asymmetric negative interspecific effects of M. sexta on L. juncta. Both intra‐ and interspecific effects varied across plant genotypes. For example, the interspecific effect of M. sexta on L. juncta ranged from significantly negative to significantly positive. Additionally, there were strong correlations among the individual effects mediated by S. carolinense, particularly between constitutive resistance and both intra‐ and interspecific effects. We find that these genetic correlations might limit the types and strength of interactions that take place across multiple genotypes of the same plant species. Our results suggest that future models of plant‐mediated interactions between herbivores should account for patterns of genetic variation and covariation when scaling from individual interactions to population‐level processes.
Threat and fear of pain induces attentional bias to pain words: An eye‐tracking study
Authors: Sharpe L. , Brookes M. , Jones E. , Gittins C. , Wufong E. , Nicholas M.K. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the effects of fear of pain (FOP) and threat on attentional biases, using eye‐tracking methods.MethodOne hundred and seven undergraduate students were randomized to receive threatening or reassuring information about the cold pressor task; and divided into high and low FOP groups. Participants completed the dot‐probe task, while their eye movements were tracked.ResultsResults showed that those who received threatening information were less likely to have their first fixation on pain words, particularly affective pain words. Furthermore, under conditions of high threat, the high FOP group who did fixate on affective pain words, fixated more quickly than for sensory pain words, whereas the opposite was the case under low threat. In regression analyses, initial vigilance towards affective pain words was a significant predictor of reporting pain more quickly on the cold pressor.ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that initial vigilance of affective pain stimuli predicts actual hypervigilance to an acute experimental pain task. However, under conditions of high threat, participants show evidence of avoidance of affective pain words, even though when they do fixate on these stimuli, the high FOP group does so more quickly. These results confirm that attentional processes, characterized by vigilance avoidance, appear important.SignificanceInterventions that change attention towards pain to reduce vigilance and subsequent avoidance may be indicated to improve pain outcomes.
A potential bioactive hard‐stock fat replacer comprised of a molecular gel
Authors: Rogers Michael A. , Spagnuolo Paul A. , Wang Tzu‐Min , Angka Leonard 
Published: October 2016

AbstractShort‐chain ceramides, such as N‐acetoyl‐d‐erythro‐sphingosine (C2), have a remarkable ability to structure edible oils, such as canola oil, into self‐standing organogels without any added saturated or trans fats. These short‐chain ceramides are ubiquitously found in foods ranging from eggs to soybeans. As the ceramide fatty acid chain length increases, there is an increase in the melting temperature of the organogel and a decrease in the elastic modulus. Gelation ability is lost at 2 wt% when the fatty acid chain length increases to six carbons; however, organogels form at 5 wt% up to 18 carbons. Short‐chain ceramides, C2, decrease cell viability of colon, prostate, ovarian, and leukemia cell lines, while ceramides with long‐chain fatty acids, C18, do not affect the viability of these cancer cell lines. This suggests that a bioactive spreadable fat, with no trans or added saturated fat, with the potential to alter the viability of cancer cell growth, is possible.
Fronto‐temporal connectivity predicts cognitive empathy deficits and experiential negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Abram Samantha V. , Wisner Krista M. , Fox Jaclyn M. , Barch Deanna M. , Wang Lei , Csernansky John G. , MacDonald Angus W. , Smith Matthew J. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractImpaired cognitive empathy is a core social cognitive deficit in schizophrenia associated with negative symptoms and social functioning. Cognitive empathy and negative symptoms have also been linked to medial prefrontal and temporal brain networks. While shared behavioral and neural underpinnings are suspected for cognitive empathy and negative symptoms, research is needed to test these hypotheses. In two studies, we evaluated whether resting‐state functional connectivity between data‐driven networks, or components (referred to as, inter‐component connectivity), predicted cognitive empathy and experiential and expressive negative symptoms in schizophrenia subjects. Study 1: We examined associations between cognitive empathy and medial prefrontal and temporal inter‐component connectivity at rest using a group‐matched schizophrenia and control sample. We then assessed whether inter‐component connectivity metrics associated with cognitive empathy were also related to negative symptoms. Study 2: We sought to replicate the connectivity‐symptom associations observed in Study 1 using an independent schizophrenia sample. Study 1 results revealed that while the groups did not differ in average inter‐component connectivity, a medial‐fronto‐temporal metric and an orbito‐fronto‐temporal metric were related to cognitive empathy. Moreover, the medial‐fronto‐temporal metric was associated with experiential negative symptoms in both schizophrenia samples. These findings support recent models that link social cognition and negative symptoms in schizophrenia. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1111–1124, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On the brain structure heterogeneity of autism: Parsing out acquisition site effects with significance‐weighted principal component analysis
Authors: Martinez‐Murcia Francisco Jesús , Lai Meng‐Chuan , Górriz Juan Manuel , Ramírez Javier , Young Adam M. H. , Deoni Sean C. L. , Ecker Christine , Lombardo Michael V. ,   MRC AIMS Consortium,, Baron‐Cohen Simon , Murphy Declan G. M. , Bullmore Edward T. , Suckling John 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNeuroimaging studies have reported structural and physiological differences that could help understand the causes and development of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Many of them rely on multisite designs, with the recruitment of larger samples increasing statistical power. However, recent large‐scale studies have put some findings into question, considering the results to be strongly dependent on the database used, and demonstrating the substantial heterogeneity within this clinically defined category. One major source of variance may be the acquisition of the data in multiple centres. In this work we analysed the differences found in the multisite, multi‐modal neuroimaging database from the UK Medical Research Council Autism Imaging Multicentre Study (MRC AIMS) in terms of both diagnosis and acquisition sites. Since the dissimilarities between sites were higher than between diagnostic groups, we developed a technique called Significance Weighted Principal Component Analysis (SWPCA) to reduce the undesired intensity variance due to acquisition site and to increase the statistical power in detecting group differences. After eliminating site‐related variance, statistically significant group differences were found, including Broca's area and the temporo‐parietal junction. However, discriminative power was not sufficient to classify diagnostic groups, yielding accuracies results close to random. Our work supports recent claims that ASD is a highly heterogeneous condition that is difficult to globally characterize by neuroimaging, and therefore different (and more homogenous) subgroups should be defined to obtain a deeper understanding of ASD. Hum Brain Mapp 38:1208–1223, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Differences in patterns of survival in metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma of the head and neck
Authors: van Weert Stijn , Reinhard Rinze , Bloemena Elisabeth , Buter Jan , Witte Birgit I. , Vergeer Marije R. , Leemans C. René 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundWe examined the assumption in conventional teaching about metastatic adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) being an indolent type of disease.MethodsA single center analysis of 105 cases of ACC was performed. Radiographs were reviewed and tumor response to chemotherapy was measured. Distant disease‐free survival (DDFS) and time to death since distant metastases diagnosis were analyzed.ResultsForty‐two percent of the patients were diagnosed with distant metastases. DDFS showed significant negative associations with advanced T classification, N+ classification, solid type tumor, and positive surgical margins. Distant metastases (91%) developed in the first 5 years after presentation. Median distant metastatic survival was 13.8 months. The most frequent organ sited was the lung. Solid type ACC showed a preponderance for multiorgan metastases (17/28; 61%). Distant metastases seemed not to occur in case of clear surgical margins. Solid type ACC had a significant poorer survival after development of distant metastases.ConclusionMetastatic ACC is not always an indolent disease. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 456–463, 2017
REFLECTION IN HOME VISITING: THE WHAT, WHY, AND A BEGINNING STEP TOWARD HOW
Authors: Tomlin Angela M. , Hines Elesia , Sturm Lynne 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACTThe work of home visitors in early childhood fields may include addressing many challenges to achieving curricular outcomes, including issues such as maintaining boundaries and managing one's own reactions to children, parents, and overall family situations. Increasingly, reflective supervision and consultation are recognized as a way for workers in home‐visiting early intervention and early care fields to address these personal and professional challenges and build competence (Watson, Gatti, Cox, Harrison, & Hennes, ). The features of home visiting that make reflective supervision/consultation essential are discussed. Next, results of a pilot project in which a sample of Part C early intervention providers respond to a vignette portraying a challenging parent–child interaction are briefly presented and discussed. Despite often stating the importance of relationships, participants did not identify concrete methods of supporting relationship or demonstrate recognition of parallel process. In addition, providers seldom endorsed the use of reflective skills such as observing, listening, wondering, or reflecting (Weatherston, ), and no providers discussed a need for reflective supervision/consultation. We suggest that these findings illustrate some of the areas in which early intervention home visitors could benefit from participation in reflective supervision/consultation to move from identifying reflective skills as important to actually being able to use such skills in their work with families.
Toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of chlorpyrifos is altered in embryos of Japanese medaka exposed to oil sands process‐affected water: evidence for inhibition of P‐glycoprotein
Authors: Alharbi Hattan A. , Alcorn Jane , Al‐Mousa Ahmed , Giesy John P. , Wiseman Steve B. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractOil sands process‐affected water (OSPW) is generated during extraction of bitumen in the surface mining oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada. Studies were performed in vitro by use of Caco‐2 cells, and in vivo with larvae of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) to determine if organic compounds from the aqueous phase of OSPW inhibit ATP binding cassette protein ABCB1 (permeability‐glycoprotein, P‐gp). Neutral and basic fractions of OSPW inhibited activity of P‐gp in Caco‐2 cells by 1.9‐ and 2.0‐fold, respectively, while the acidic fraction had the least effect. The organophosphate pesticides chlorpyrifos (a substrate of P‐gp) and malathion (not a substrate of P‐gp), were used as model chemicals to investigate inhibition of P‐gp in larvae. Co‐exposure to chlorpyrifos and an extract of OSPW containing basic and neutral compounds reduced survival of larvae to 26.5% compared to survival of larvae exposed only to chlorpyrifos, which was 93.7%. However, co‐exposure to malathion and the extract of OSPW did not cause acute lethality compared to exposure only to malathion. Accumulation and bioconcentration of chlorpyrifos, but not malathion, was greater in larvae co‐exposed with the extract of OSPW. The terminal elimination half‐life of chlorpyrifos in larvae exposed to chlorpyrifos in freshwater was 5 days compared with 11.3 days in larvae exposed to chlorpyrifos in OSPW. Results suggest that in non‐acute exposures, basic and neutral organic compounds in the water‐soluble fraction of OSPW inhibit activity of P‐gp, which suggests that OSPW has the potential to cause adverse effects by chemosensitization. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental and computational examination of anastellin (FnIII1c)–polymer interactions
Authors: Mallinson David , Cheung David L. , Simionesie Dorin , Mullen Alexander B. , Zhang Zhenyu J. , Lamprou Dimitrios A. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractUsing a combination of experimental and computational approaches, the interaction between anastellin, a recombinant fragment of fibronectin, and representative biomaterial surfaces has been examined. Anastellin and superfibronectin have been seen to exhibit antiangiogenic properties and other properties that may make it suitable for consideration for incorporation into biomaterials. The molecular interaction was directly quantified by atomic force microscope (AFM)‐based force spectroscopy, complemented by adsorption measurements using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM). Using AFM, it was found that the anastellin molecule facilitates a stronger adhesion on polyurethane films (72.0 pN nm−1) than on poly (methyl methacrylate) films (68.6 pN nm−1). However, this is not consistent with the QCM adsorption measurements, which show no significant difference. Molecular dynamics simulations of the behavior of anastellin on polyurethane in aqueous solution were performed to rationalize the experimental data, and show that anastellin is capable of rapid adsorption to PU while its secondary structure is stable upon adsorption in water. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 737–745, 2017.