bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treadmill exercise within lower-body negative pressure attenuates simulated spaceflight-induced reductions of balance abilities in men but not women
Authors: Macaulay Timothy R , Macias Brandon R , Lee Stuart MC , Boda Wanda L , Watenpaugh Donald E , Hargens Alan R 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSpaceflight causes sensorimotor adaptations that result in balance deficiencies on return to a gravitational environment. Treadmill exercise within lower-body negative pressure (LBNP) helps protect physiological function during microgravity as simulated by bed rest. Therefore, we hypothesized that treadmill exercise within LBNP would prevent balance losses in both male and female identical twins during 30 days of 6° head-down tilt bed rest. Fifteen (seven female and eight male) identical twin sets participated in this simulation of microgravity. Within each twin pair, one twin was randomly assigned to an exercise group that performed 40 min of supine treadmill exercise within LBNP set to generate 1.0–1.2 body weight, followed by 5 min of static feet-supported LBNP, 6 days per week. Their identical sibling was assigned to a non-exercise control group with all other bed rest conditions equivalent. Before and immediately after bed rest, subjects completed standing and walking rail balance tests with eyes open and eyes closed. In control subjects, standing rail balance times (men: −42%, women: −40%), rail walk distances (men: −44%, women: −32%) and rail walk times (men: −34%, women: −31%) significantly decreased after bed rest. Compared with controls, treadmill exercise within LBNP significantly attenuated losses of standing rail balance time by 63% in men, but the 41% attenuation in women was not significant. Treadmill exercise within LBNP did not affect rail walk abilities in men or women. Treadmill exercise within LBNP during simulated spaceflight attenuates loss of balance control in men but not in women.
MRA_1571 is required for isoleucine biosynthesis and improves Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra survival under stress
Authors: Sharma Rishabh , Keshari Deepa , Singh Kumar Sachin , Yadav Shailendra , Singh Sudheer Kumar 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThreonine dehydratase is a pyridoxal 5-phosphate dependent enzyme required for isoleucine biosynthesis. Threonine dehydratase (IlvA) participates in conversion of threonine to 2-oxobutanoate and ammonia is released as a by-product. MRA_1571 is annotated to be coding for IlvA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra (Mtb-Ra). We developed a recombinant (KD) Mtb-Ra strain by down-regulating IlvA. The growth studies on different carbon sources suggested reduced growth of KD compared to wild-type (WT), also, isoleucine concentration dependent KD growth restoration was observed. The expression profiling of IlvA suggested increased expression of IlvA during oxygen, acid and oxidative stress. In addition, KD showed reduced survival under pH, starvation, nitric oxide and peroxide stresses. KD was more susceptible to antimycobacterial agents such as streptomycin (STR), rifampicin (RIF) and levofloxacin (LVF), while, no such effect was noticeable when exposed to isoniazid. Also, an increase in expression of IlvA was observed when exposed to STR, RIF and LVF. The dye accumulation studies suggested increased permeability of KD to ethidium bromide and Nile Red as compared to WT. TLC and Mass studies confirmed altered lipid profile of KD. In summary down-regulation of IlvA affects Mtb growth, increases its susceptibility to stress and leads to altered cell wall lipid profile.
A fossil Diploglossus (Squamata, Anguidae) lizard from Basse-Terre and Grande-Terre Islands (Guadeloupe, French West Indies)
Authors: Bochaton Corentin , Boistel Renaud , Casagrande Fabrice , Grouard Sandrine , Bailon Salvador 
Published: June 2016

AbstractToday, Diploglossine lizards (Anguidae) are common on the Greater Antillean Islands (West Indies), where they are represented by many endemic species. However these lizards are very rare on the Lesser Antillean Islands, where they are only represented by a single species, the Montserrat galliwasp (Diploglossus montisserrati). Here, we show that diploglossine lizards were present in the past on other Lesser Antillean islands, by reporting the discovery of Anguidae fossil remains in two Amerindian archaeological deposits and in a modern deposit. These remains are compared to skeletons of extant diploglossine lizards, includingD. montisserrati, using X-ray microtomography of the type specimen of this critically endangered lizard. We also conducted a histological study of the osteoderms in order to estimate the putative age of the specimen. Our results show that the fossil specimens correspond to a member of theDiploglossusgenus presenting strong similarities, but also minor morphological differences withD. montisserrati, although we postulate that these differences are not sufficient to warrant the description of a new species. These specimens, identified asDiploglossussp., provide a new comparison point for the study of fossil diploglossine lizards and reflect the historical 17thcentury mentions of anguid lizards, which had not been observed since.
In vitro and in vivo study of epigallocatechin-3-gallate-induced apoptosis in aerobic glycolytic hepatocellular carcinoma cells involving inhibition of phosphofructokinase activity
Authors: Li Sainan , Wu Liwei , Feng Jiao , Li Jingjing , Liu Tong , Zhang Rong , Xu Shizan , Cheng Keran , Zhou Yuqing , Zhou Shunfeng , Kong Rui , Chen Kan , Wang Fan , Xia Yujing , Lu Jie , Zhou Yingqun , Dai Weiqi , Guo Chuanyong 
Published: June 2016

AbstractGlycolysis, as an altered cancer cell-intrinsic metabolism, is an essential hallmark of cancer. Phosphofructokinase (PFK) is a metabolic sensor in the glycolytic pathway and restricting the substrate availability for this enzyme has been researched extensively as a target for chemotherapy. In the present study, we investigated that the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), an active component of green tea, on inhibiting cell growth and inducing apoptosis by promoting a metabolic shift away from glycolysis in aerobic glycolytic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. EGCG modulated the oligomeric structure of PFK, potentially leading to metabolic stress associated apoptosis and suggesting that EGCG acts by directly suppressing PFK activity. A PFK activity inhibitor enhanced the effect, while the allosteric activator reversed EGCG-induced HCC cell death. PFK siRNA knockdown-induced apoptosis was not reversed by the activator. EGCG enhanced the effect of sorafenib on cell growth inhibition in both aerobic glycolytic HCC cells and in a xenograft mouse model. The present study suggests a potential role for EGCG as an adjuvant in cancer therapy, which merits further investigation at the clinical level.
Autism phenotypes in ZnT3 null mice: Involvement of zinc dyshomeostasis, MMP-9 activation and BDNF upregulation
Authors: Yoo Min Heui , Kim Tae-Youn , Yoon Young Hee , Koh Jae-Young 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTo investigate the role of synaptic zinc in the ASD pathogenesis, we examined zinc transporter 3 (ZnT3) null mice. At 4–5 weeks of age, male but not female ZnT3 null mice exhibited autistic-like behaviors. Cortical volume and neurite density were significantly greater in male ZnT3 null mice than in WT mice. In male ZnT3 null mice, consistent with enhanced neurotrophic stimuli, the level of BDNF as well as activity of MMP-9 was increased. Consistent with known roles for MMPs in BDNF upregulation, 2.5-week treatment with minocycline, an MMP inhibitor, significantly attenuated BDNF levels as well as megalencephaly and autistic-like behaviors. Although the ZnT3 null state removed synaptic zinc, it rather increased free zinc in the cytosol of brain cells, which appeared to increase MMP-9 activity and BDNF levels. The present results suggest that zinc dyshomeostasis during the critical period of brain development may be a possible contributing mechanism for ASD.
Disturbance-specific social responses in long-finned pilot whales, Globicephala melas
Authors: Visser Fleur , Curé Charlotte , Kvadsheim Petter H. , Lam Frans-Peter A. , Tyack Peter L. , Miller Patrick J. O. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractSocial interactions among animals can influence their response to disturbance. We investigated responses of long-finned pilot whales to killer whale sound playbacks and two anthropogenic sources of disturbance: tagging effort and naval sonar exposure. The acoustic scene and diving behaviour of tagged individuals were recorded along with the social behaviour of their groups. All three disturbance types resulted in larger group sizes, increasing social cohesion during disturbance. However, the nature and magnitude of other responses differed between disturbance types. Tagging effort resulted in a clear increase in synchrony and a tendency to reduce surface logging and to become silent (21% of cases), whereas pilot whales increased surface resting during sonar exposure. Killer whale sounds elicited increased calling rates and the aggregation of multiple groups, which approached the sound source together. This behaviour appears to represent a mobbing response, a likely adaptive social defence against predators or competitors. All observed response-tactics would reduce risk of loss of group coordination, suggesting that, in social pilot whales, this could drive behavioural responses to disturbance. However, the behavioural means used to achieve social coordination depends upon other considerations, which are disturbance-specific.
High-throughput sequencing reveals differential regulation of miRNAs in fenoxaprop-P-ethyl-resistant Beckmannia syzigachne
Authors: Pan Lang , Wang Zhaoyun , Cai Jia , Gao Haitao , Zhao Hongwei , Dong Liyao 
Published: June 2016

AbstractNon-target site resistance (NTSR) to herbicides is an increasing concern for weed control. The majority of previous studies have focused on metabolic resistance mechanisms of NTSR, but no research exists on gene regulation mechanisms behind herbicide resistance, such as microRNA (miRNA). Here, we identified 3 American sloughgrass (Beckmannia syzigachne Steud.) populations containing fenoxaprop-P-ethyl-resistant plants. We then constructed small RNA libraries and subjected them to deep sequencing and bioinformatics analyses. Forty known and 36 potentially novel, predicted miRNAs were successfully identified. Of these, we identified 3 conserved, predicted candidate NTSR-determinant miRNAs and their potential corresponding target genes, as well as 4 novel potential miRNAs with high count. Target gene prediction and annotation indicated that these 7 differentially expressed miRNAs potentially play a role in regulating specific stress-responsive genes, very likely related to herbicide resistance. Expression profiles were determined with quantitative real-time PCR. The present study is a novel, large-scale characterization of weed miRNAs. The results should further our understanding of miRNA expression profiles associated with herbicide resistance, allowing for the development of more effective weed management strategies.
Dynamic functional characterization and phylogenetic changes due to Long Chain Fatty Acids pulses in biogas reactors
Authors: Kougias Panagiotis G. , Treu Laura , Campanaro Stefano , Zhu Xinyu , Angelidaki Irini 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe process stability of biogas plants is often deteriorated by the accumulation of Long Chain Fatty Acids (LCFA). The microbial community shifts due to LCFA disturbances have been poorly understood as the molecular techniques used were not able to identify the genome characteristics of uncultured microorganisms and additionally, the presence of limited number of reference genomes in public databases prevented the comprehension of specific functional roles characterizing these microorganisms. The present study is the first research which deciphers by means of high throughput shotgun sequencing the dynamics of the microbial community during an inhibitory shock load induced by single pulses of unsaturated LCFA at two different concentrations (i.e. 2 g/L-reactor and 3 g/L-reactor). The metagenomic analysis showed that only the microbes associated with LCFA degradation could encode proteins related to “chemotaxis” and “flagellar assembly”, which promoted the ability to move towards the LCFA sources so as to degrade them. Moreover, the syntrophic interactions found between Syntrophomonas sp. together with Methanosarcina sp. were possibly assigned to the menaquinone-electron transfer. Finally, it was proven that a previously exposed to LCFA inoculum is more efficient in the degradation process of LCFA due to the specialization of the microbial consortium.
Extrinsic allospecific signals of hematopoietic origin dictate iNKT cell lineage-fate decisions during development
Authors: Strong Beverly S. I. , Newkold Tess J. , Lee Amanda E. , Turner Lucas E. , Alhajjat Amir M. , Heusel Jonathan W. , Shaaban Aimen F. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractInvariant NKT (iNKT) cells are critical to the maintenance of tolerance toward alloantigens encountered during postnatal life pointing to the existence of a process for self-education. However, the impact of developmentally encountered alloantigens in shaping the phenotype and function of iNKT cells has not been described. To better understand this process, the current report examined naïve iNKT cells as they matured in an allogeneic environment. Following the prenatal transfer of fetal hematopoietic cells between age-matched allogeneic murine fetuses, cell-extrinsic signals appeared to dictate allospecific patterns of Ly49 receptor expression and lineage diversity in developing iNKT cells. Regulation for this process arose from cells of hematopoietic origin requiring only rare exposure to facilitate broad changes in developing iNKT cells. These findings highlight surprisingly asymmetric allospecific alterations in iNKT cells as they develop and mature in an allogeneic environment and establish a new paradigm for study of the self-education of iNKT cells.
Synthetic small molecule GLP-1 secretagogues prepared by means of a three-component indole annulation strategy
Authors: Chepurny Oleg G. , Leech Colin A. , Tomanik Martin , DiPoto Maria C. , Li Hui , Han Xinping , Meng Qinghe , Cooney Robert N. , Wu Jimmy , Holz George G. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractRational assembly of small molecule libraries for purposes of drug discovery requires an efficient approach in which the synthesis of bioactive compounds is enabled so that numerous structurally related compounds of a similar basic formulation can be derived. Here, we describe (4 + 3) and (3 + 2) indole annulation strategies that quickly generate complex indole heterocycle libraries that contain novel cyclohepta- and cyclopenta[b]indoles, respectively. Screening of one such library comprised of these indoles identifies JWU-A021 to be an especially potent stimulator of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion in vitro. Surprisingly, JWU-A021 is also a potent stimulator of Ca2+ influx through TRPA1 cation channels (EC50ca. 200 nM), thereby explaining its ability to stimulate GLP-1 release. Of additional importance, the available evidence indicates that JWU-A021 is one of the most potent non-electrophilic TRPA-1 channel agonists yet to be reported in the literature.
A newly discovered member of the Atlastin family, BmAtlastin-n, has an antiviral effect against BmNPV in Bombyx mori
Authors: Liu Tai-hang , Dong Xiao-long , Pan Cai-xia , Du Guo-yu , Wu Yun-fei , Yang Ji-gui , Chen Peng , Lu Cheng , Pan Min-hui 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAtlastin is a member of the dynamin protein superfamily and it can mediate homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes, which is required for many biological processes. In this study, a new Atlastin homologous protein, BmAtlastin-n, was characterized in silkworms and was found to contain an N-terminal conserved GTPase domain and a coiled-coil middle domain. BmAtlastin-n is localized in the cytoplasm and enriched in silkworm midgut. Results also showed that overexpression of BmAtlastin-n in BmN-SWU1 cells could enhance resistance to BmNPV. To better confirm its antiviral effect, microRNA was used to knock down the expression of BmAtlastin-n in BmE-SWU1 cells with inducing the reproduction of BmNPV. A transgenic expression vector of BmAtlastin-n was constructed and introduced to silkworm embryos by microinjection. The transgenic silkworm also showed considerable antiviral capacity. In conclusion, these findings demonstrate that BmAtlastin-n plays an important role in BmNPV defense. More importantly, the current study may provide a new clue for Atlastin research.
Cyclophilin A protects mice against infection by influenza A virus
Authors: Li Jing , Chen Can , Wong Gary , Dong Wei , Zheng Weinan , Li Yun , Sun Lei , Zhang Lianfeng , Gao George F. , Bi Yuhai , Liu Wenjun 
Published: June 2016

AbstractOur previous studies indicate that Cyclophilin A (CypA) impairs the replication of influenza A virus in vitro. To further evaluate the antiviral functions of CypA and explore its mechanism, transgenic mice with overexpression of CypA by two specific promoters with SPC (CypA-SPC) or CMV (CypA-CMV) were developed. After challenge with the A/WSN/33(H1N1) influenza virus, CypA-SPC and CypA-CMV transgenic mice displayed nearly 2.5- and 3.8-fold stronger disease resistance to virus infection, respectively, compared to wild-type animals. Virus replication, pathological lesions and inflammatory cytokines were substantially reduced in both lines of transgenic mice. In addition, after infection there was an upregulation of genes associated with cell migration, immune function and organ development; and a downregulation of genes associated with the positive regulation of immune cells and apoptosis in the peritoneal macrophages of CypA-overexpressing transgenic mice (CypA+). These results indicate that CypA is a key modulator of influenza virus resistance in mice and that CypA+ mice constitutes an important model to study the roles of CypA in the regulation of immune responses and infections.
The growing landscape of tubulin acetylation: lysine 40 and many more
Authors: Sadoul Karin , Khochbin Saadi 
Published: June 2016

Tubulin heterodimers are the building block of microtubules, which are major elements of the cytoskeleton. Several types of post-translational modifications are found on tubulin subunits as well as on the microtubule polymer to regulate the multiple roles of microtubules. Acetylation of lysine 40 (K40) of the α-tubulin subunit is one of these post-translational modifications which has been extensively studied. We summarize the current knowledge about the structural aspects of K40 acetylation, the functional consequences, the enzymes involved and their regulation. Most importantly, we discuss the potential importance of the recently discovered additional acetylation acceptor lysines in tubulin subunits and highlight the urgent need to study tubulin acetylation in a more integrated perspective.
Das Angebot von medizinisch-diagnostischen Selbsttests auf deutschsprachigen Internetseiten: Ergebnisse einer systematischen Recherche
Authors: Kuecuekbalaban P. , Schmidt S. , Muehlan H. 
Published: June 2016

Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es einen Überblick über das Angebot frei verkäuflicher medizinisch-diagnostischer Selbsttests auf deutschsprachigen Internetseiten zu erstellen.
Methodik: Es wurde eine systematische Internetrecherche von September 2014 bis März 2015 mit den folgenden Suchbegriffen durchgeführt: Selbsttest, Selbstdiagnose, Heimtest, Heimdiagnose und Schnelltest.
Ergebnisse: Es konnten 513 verschiedene Selbsttests zur Diagnostik von insgesamt 52 unterschiedlichen Krankheiten bzw. Krankheitsrisiken identifiziert werden, darunter waren Selbsttests zur Diagnostik von chronischen Krankheiten (z. B. Diabetes, chronische Erkrankung der Nieren, Leber oder Lunge), sexuell übertragbaren Krankheiten und Geschlechtskrankheiten (z. B. HIV, Chlamydien, Gonorrhoe), Infektionskrankheiten (z. B. Tuberkulose, Malaria, Helicobacter pylori), Allergien (z. B. Hausstaub, Katzen, Histamin) und Krebserkrankungen sowie Tests zur Diagnostik von 12 verschiedenen psychotropen Substanzen. Diese wurden von 90 Unternehmen in Deutschland und aus dem Ausland vertrieben.
Schlussfolgerung: Die Anzahl an frei verkäuflichen medizinisch-diagnostischen Selbsttests über das Internet ist in den letzten 10 Jahren enorm gestiegen. Weitere Studien zur Untersuchung der Determinanten der Inanspruchnahme von Selbsttests sowie zu den Auswirkungen der Anwendung auf das Erleben und Verhalten der Nutzer sind notwendig.
Inequalities for the ratio of complete elliptic integrals
Authors: Alzer Horst , Richards Kendall 
Published: June 2016

We present various inequalities for the complete elliptic integral of the first kind,
\[

K

(
r
)
=

∫
0

π

/

2

1

1
−

r
2

sin
2

⁡
(
t
)

d
t

(
0
>
r
>
1
)

.

\mathcal {K}(r)=\int _0^{\pi /2} \frac {1}{\sqrt {1- r ^2\sin ^2(t)}}dt \quad {(0>r>1)}.

\]
Among others, we prove that the inequalities
\[

1

1
+

1
4

r

>

K

(
r
)

K

(

r

)

and

K

(

1
−

r
2

)

K

(

1
−
r

)

>

2

1
+

r

\frac {1}{1+\frac {1}{4}r}>\frac {\mathcal {K}(r)}{\mathcal {K}(\sqrt {r})} \quad \mbox {and} \quad { \frac {\mathcal {K}(\sqrt {1-r^2})}{\mathcal {K}(\sqrt {1-r})}>\frac {2}{1+\sqrt {r}}}

\]
are valid for all

r
∈
(
0
,
1
)

r\in (0,1)

. These estimates refine results published by Anderson, Vamanamurthy, and Vuorinen in 1990.
Conpair: concordance and contamination estimator for matched tumor–normal pairs
Authors: Bergmann Ewa A. , Chen Bo-Juen , Arora Kanika , Vacic Vladimir , Zody Michael C. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Motivation: Sequencing of matched tumor and normal samples is the standard study design for reliable detection of somatic alterations. However, even very low levels of cross-sample contamination significantly impact calling of somatic mutations, because contaminant germline variants can be incorrectly interpreted as somatic. There are currently no sequence-only based methods that reliably estimate contamination levels in tumor samples, which frequently display copy number changes. As a solution, we developed Conpair, a tool for detection of sample swaps and cross-individual contamination in whole-genome and whole-exome tumor–normal sequencing experiments.
Results: On a ladder of in silico contaminated samples, we demonstrated that Conpair reliably measures contamination levels as low as 0.1%, even in presence of copy number changes. We also estimated contamination levels in glioblastoma WGS and WXS tumor–normal datasets from TCGA and showed that they strongly correlate with tumor–normal concordance, as well as with the number of germline variants called as somatic by several widely-used somatic callers.
Availability and Implementation: The method is available at: https://github.com/nygenome/conpair.
Contact: egrabowska@gmail.com or mczody@nygenome.org
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
ABAEnrichment: an R package to test for gene set expression enrichment in the adult and developing human brain
Authors: Grote Steffi , Prüfer Kay , Kelso Janet , Dannemann Michael 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
Summary: We present ABAEnrichment, an R package that tests for expression enrichment in specific brain regions at different developmental stages using expression information gathered from multiple regions of the adult and developing human brain, together with ontologically organized structural information about the brain, both provided by the Allen Brain Atlas. We validate ABAEnrichment by successfully recovering the origin of gene sets identified in specific brain cell-types and developmental stages.
Availability and Implementation: ABAEnrichment was implemented as an R package and is available under GPL (≥ 2) from the Bioconductor website (http://bioconductor.org/packages/3.3/bioc/html/ABAEnrichment.html).
Contacts: steffi_grote@eva.mpg.de, kelso@eva.mpg.de or michael_dannemann@eva.mpg.de
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.