bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of Avr Genes in Russian Populations of Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Chizhik Vera K. , Kuznetsova Maria A. , Rogozina Elena V. , Martynov Viktor V. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe oomycete Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is a causative agent of the most harmful potato disease, late blight. The pathogenicity of P. infestans is associated with (a)virulence genes (Avr genes). Changes in the composition and nucleotide sequence of these genes lead to the emergence of new races of the pathogen, which affect potato varieties previously considered resistant. Therefore, to successfully combat late blight, it is important to study polymorphisms in Avr genes in populations of this pathogen. We conducted a large‐scale molecular and phytopathological study of P. infestans strains collected in European Russia. In this study, polymorphisms of 11 Avr genes were analysed using SSCP analysis and sequencing. The genes included Avr1, Avr2, Avr2‐like, Avr3a, Avr3b, Avr4, Avr8, Avr‐Smira1, Avr‐blb1, Avr‐blb2 and Avr‐vnt1. As a result, the allelic composition of Avr genes was studied and new alleles unique to Russia were identified in Russian populations of P. infestans for all studied Avr genes, with the exception of Avr4 and Avr8. The vast majority of the Avr1, Avr2‐like, Avr3a, Avr4, Avr‐vnt1 and Avr‐Smira1 gene sequences correspond to known virulence variants of these genes that avoid recognition by the corresponding potato resistance genes. The Avr‐blb2 gene was represented by approximately equal amounts of virulent and avirulent variants. Predominantly avirulent variants were found for the Avr‐blb1 gene. The Avr2, Avr3b and Avr8 genes were represented only by avirulent variants. Summarising the results of our study, we can conclude that the populations of the European territory of Russia differ from the populations of Europe and the USA in the allelic composition of virulence genes. We failed to detect a dominant clonal lineage in the territory of Russia, and the Russian population of P. infestans is highly diverse.
Lactobacilli‐Based Pro and Postbiotic Efficacy Are Also Influenced by Other Factors Than Dietary Challenging Conditions
Authors: Jansseune Samuel C. G. , Lammers Aart , van Baal Jürgen , Blanc Fany , Calenge Fanny , Pinard‐van der Laan Marie‐Hélène , Hendriks Wouter H. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTThe present study aimed to confirm the previously reported ‘recovery’ effect to a challenging diet (CD) of a Lactobacilli‐based probiotic (Pro) and its derived postbiotic (Post) in broilers. Identical diet compositions were used, and observations were extended to a second CD diet. A completely randomised block design of 2 × 3 treatment groups with two CDs and three additive conditions (Control, Pro, Post) was used. One additional group received a standard diet (SD). The study involved 1600 one‐day‐old Ross 308 male broilers. All diets, fed from d1 to 35, were formulated to contain identical nutrients levels, with CDs formulated to be greater than SD in nonstarch polysaccharides using rye and barley (Rye CD) or dry distiller grains with soluble, sunflower and rapeseed meal (DDGS CD). Growth performance parameters, footpad lesions (FPL) score and plasma Ca, P and uric acid concentrations were measured. Compared to SD, birds fed Rye CD and DDGS CD had a higher 1–35 days feed conversion ratio (+3.4 and +4.1%, respectively), due to a higher feed intake for Rye CD (+2.9%) and a lower body weight for DDGS CD (−4.1%). An effect of additive was restricted to Rye CD where Post depressed BW at d28 and d35 (−3.7 and −2.4%, respectively). Compared to Rye CD, DDGS CD lowered plasma Ca/P at d21 (−9.0%) and d35 (−8.1%) and uric acid at d21 (−26%). Pro increased plasma Ca in Rye CD at d21 (+12%) and Post decreased plasma uric acid in DDGS CD at d35 (−25%). All other plasma parameters were not affected. The previously observed recovery effect of a commercial probiotic and postbiotic were not reproducible under highly similar growth conditions, which suggests that both may have specific physiological effects which are only expressed under specific circumstances.
Detection and Analysis of Florfenicol Residues and Metabolites in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Tissues Post‐Oral Administration in Tropical Waters
Authors: Queiroga Anna Paula R. , Souza Gabriela F. P. , Paschoal Jonas Augusto R. , Salles Airton Gonçalves , Schloter Michael , Assane Inácio Mateus , Pilarski Fabiana , Gotardo André Tadeu , Górniak Silvana Lima , Rath Susanne 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTWater temperature is a critical environmental parameter that significantly influences fish metabolism. This study assessed the metabolism of florfenicol (FF) in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at water temperatures typical of tropical and subtropical regions. Fish were treated with FF by oral administration of a dose of 10 mg kg−1 bw for 10 consecutive days. Fish fillet, liver, and kidney were sampled during the treatment phase (1, 5, and 10 days) and posttreatment (1, 2, 3, and 5 days after the last FF administration). FF, florfenicol amine (FFA), monochloro florfenicol (FFCl), and florfenicol alcohol (FFOH) were determined in the sampled tissues using a validated LC–LC–MS/MS method. The highest FF, FFA, and FFOH concentrations were determined on day 5 during the treatment phase. For FF, the concentration order is kidney > liver > fillet, while for the metabolites FFOH and FFA, the order is liver > kidney > fillet. In fillet and liver, the concentrations of FFOH were higher than the FFA concentrations, indicating that FFOH was the primary metabolite in these tissues. FFCl was only quantified at concentrations lower than 90 μg kg−1 in all tissues. The results indicated that FF can be readily absorbed and rapidly eliminated in tilapia cultivated in warm water environments. This study revealed FFOH as the primary and most persistent metabolite in tilapia farmed in warm water, followed by FFA.
Challenges and Strategies for Acquiring Adjectives
Authors: Syrett Kristen 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTChildren acquiring language must learn a variety of words mapping on to different kinds of concepts. Typically, word learning accounts focus on how children strategically acquire words for entities (nouns) and events (verbs). Often underrepresented are word for properties (adjectives). While adjectives, like verbs, may trail behind many nouns in early production, and may not always be required to refer or express truth‐conditional meaning, they are essential for distinguishing among entities and events in the world, and communicating clearly in disciplines such as language arts and science. Moreover, nearly every language has the grammatical category of adjectives. It is therefore critical to know what challenges children face in acquiring adjectives, and what supports their acquisition. Here, I outline three main aspects that, together, render the process of learning adjectives both vexing and linguistically intriguing. First, there is cross‐linguistic variation in how languages around the world treat words for properties. Second, the syntactic position of adjectives varies across and within languages, and is often correlated with subtle differences in meaning. Third, within the category of adjectives, a wide range of meanings may be encoded. I review findings across these areas that document children's successes and challenges with these aspects of adjective distribution and meaning. To counter these challenges, I end by covering three effective and empirically documented strategies for adjective learning, which rely on attending to key information in both the linguistic and extralinguistic context. I close with a brief discussion of prospects for future research on this topic.
The impact of wealth inequality on inflation and unfair competition among consumers
Authors: Daşdemir Esat 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study examines unfair competition among consumers according to wealth groups. The study hypothesizes that consumer groups with high income and wealth levels have a competitive advantage over consumer groups with low income and wealth levels, and therefore wealth inequality may create upward pressure on prices. Data from 37 Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development member countries covering 2000–2022 were used in the analysis. According to the results of the analysis, increases in the wealth of high‐wealth groups increase the inflation rate more severely.
Complications associated with intra‐aortic balloon pump treatment in critically ill patients: A systematic review
Authors: Motia Ngoe , Marko Vasilika , Karlsen Marte‐Marie Wallander 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundIn recent decades, intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) technology has made significant progress (sheathless insertion technique, different balloon diameters, percutaneous technique and fibre optic IABP) in reducing complications and increasing patient support. Nonetheless, IABP‐related complications are still frequent and are associated with a poor prognosis.AimThe aim of this systematic review was to identify complications associated with IABP treatment in critically ill patients with a compromised cardiac function.Study DesignA systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines based on searches in CINAHL (EBSCO), Medline and Embase (Ovid) from January 2012 to April 2023. Quantitative studies were included if they reported as their primary outcome(s) complications of IABP in adult patients because of cardiovascular conditions and were published in English, Norwegian, Swedish or Danish. Study selection, methodological quality assessment and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. The results were synthesized narratively.ResultsA total of nine studies were included in the review, most of which were retrospective (eight of nine). Bleeding was the most frequently occurring complication, followed by limb ischaemia, stroke, infection, IABP malfunction, haematoma and other vascular complications. In addition, a correlation between IABP duration and vascular complications was found in three out of nine studies. Lastly, the incidence rate of stroke was higher in patients with axillary IABP than in those with femoral IABP.ConclusionsThis systematic review revealed that bleeding and limb ischaemia were the two most frequent complications associated with IABP therapy. We identified a correlation between (a) IABP support time and the development of vascular complications and (b) stroke and implantation of IABP catheter in the axillary artery. Further studies are needed to explore these findings directly.Relevance to Clinical PracticeIncreasing critical care nurses' knowledge regarding complications related to IABP support could lead to early identification, potentially lowering the incidence rate of complications.
The underlying architecture of musical sensibility: One general factor, four subdimensions, and strong genetic effects
Authors: Hansen Heidi Marie Umbach , Røysamb Espen , Vassend Olav Mandt , Czajkowski Nikolai Olavi , Endestad Tor , Danielsen Anne , Laeng Bruno 
Published: September 2024

AbstractCurrent evidence suggests moderate heritability of music phenotypes, such as music listening and achievement. However, other fundamental traits underlying people's interest in music and its relevance for their lives have been largely neglected, and little is known about the genetic and environmental etiology of what we refer to as musical sensibility—the tendency to be emotionally and aesthetically engaged by music. This study investigated the latent structure, as well as the genetic and environmental factors influencing individual variability in multiple domains of musical sensibility, and the etiological architecture of the relationship between the dimensions. To this end, we used phenotypic confirmatory factor analytic and biometric twin modeling to analyze self‐reported ratings on four dimensions of musical sensibility in a sample of Norwegian twins (N = 2600). The results indicate a phenotypic higher‐order structure, whereby both the resulting general musical sensibility factor and the conceptually narrower domains were strongly heritable (49–65%). Multivariate analyses of the genetic and environmental covariance further revealed substantial overlap in genetic variance across domains.
Limonene enhances rice plant resistance to a piercing‐sucking herbivore and rice pathogens
Authors: Qiu Chang‐Lai , Li Wei , Wang Ling‐Nan , Wang Shi‐Cheng , Falert Supaporn , Wang Chao , Yu Shi‐Yu , Abdelkhalek Sara Taha , Lu Jing , Lin Yong‐Jun , Wang Man‐Qun 
Published: September 2024

SummaryTerpene synthases (TPSs) are key enzymes in terpenoids synthesis of plants and play crucial roles in regulating plant defence against pests and diseases. Here, we report the functional characterization of OsTPS19 and OsTPS20, which were upregulated by the attack of brown planthopper (BPH). BPH female adults performed concentration‐dependent behavioural responses to (S)‐limonene showing preference behaviour at low concentrations and avoidance behaviour at high concentrations. Overexpression lines of OsTPS19 and OsTPS20, which emitted higher amounts of the monoterpene (S)‐limonene, decreased the hatching rate of BPH eggs, reduced the lesion length of sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani and bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae. While knockout lines of OsTPS19 and OsTPS20, which emitted lower amounts of (S)‐limonene, were more susceptible to these pathogens. Overexpression of OsTPS19 and OsTPS20 in rice plants had adverse effects on the incidence of BPH, rice blast, and sheath blight in the field and had no significant impacts on rice yield traits. OsTPS19 and OsTPS20 were found to be involved in fine‐tuning the emission of (S)‐limonene in rice plants and play an important role in defence against both BPH and rice pathogens.
Detection of QTNs and QTN‐by‐Environment and QTN‐by‐QTN Interactions for Cottonseed Oil Content in Upland Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Ma Guogang , Yang Yejun , Zhao Haihong , Qu Yunfang , Li Chengqi 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACTCottonseed oil is a high‐quality edible oil. A comprehensive analysis of the genetic basis of cottonseed oil formation at the molecular level will greatly promote the molecular improvement of this trait. This study performed a genome‐wide association study involving three modules integrated into the 3VmrMLM framework for cottonseed oil content (COC). In total, 49,533 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were screened across 152 upland cotton accessions. Twenty‐six, 10 and 26 quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs) for COC were respectively detected by the three modules: Single_env, Multi_env and Epistasis. Eight QTNs were simultaneously detected in at least two datasets or by at least two modules, and four genes associated with the stable QTNs were simultaneously enriched in GO and KEGG analyses. Using Multi_env, five QTN‐by‐environment interactions were detected, and six genes were simultaneously enriched in GO and KEGG analyses. Using Epistasis, 10 QTN‐by‐QTN interactions (QQIs) were detected, and eight protein–protein interactions involving six QQIs and eight gene pairs were predicted by a protein–protein interaction analysis. These findings provide novel insights into the genetic basis of COC.
Assessing the impacts of Brazil's expenditure ceiling with a multiple‐household CGE model
Authors: Cardoso Guilherme Silva , Cardoso Débora Freire , Domingues Edson Paulo 
Published: September 2024

AbstractInspired by the Brazilian pre‐COVID‐19 pandemic context of fiscal austerity, we have applied a multiple‐household‐SAM‐based Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model in order to analyze the economic impacts of different scenarios of government expenditure. We innovate at modeling an Expansionary Austerity scenario in a CGE framework and also by taking into account services of public health and education as part of the households extended income. Consistent with the literature, we verified that the expenditure ceiling can insure both Government savings and current account balance toward surplus. Apart from that, however, these surpluses have nothing to do with output and welfare improvement—even under a scenario where the expenditure ceiling “makes room” for the private investment.
Minding the gap: How transplant infectious disease can help close the organ donation gap
Authors: Sigler Rachel , Law Nancy 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis paper is an educationally focused article discussing how transplant infectious diseases (TID) providers balance the risks of accepting or rejecting an organ and have pushed barriers in organ transplantation. We emphasize the role TID providers play in the transplantation process as critical players on the transplant team. We discuss various donor‐derived infections that were previously deemed unacceptable for donation due to concerns for transmission. Advances in medical knowledge have changed some of these situations. We discuss the critical role TID providers have in closing the gap between the thousands of patients on organ waitlists and the organ deficit faced each day. We believe TID providers have a unique opportunity to expand the donor pool by increasing education, expanding acceptable organ definitions, and expanding the boundaries of what we can do with potentially transmissible infections in organ transplantation.
Neurocardiology: translational advancements and potential
Authors: Herring N. , Ajijola O. A. , Foreman R. D. , Gourine A. V. , Green A. L. , Osborn J. , Paterson D. J. , Paton J. F. R. , Ripplinger C. M. , Smith C. , Vrabec T. L. , Wang H. J. , Zucker I. H. , Ardell J. L. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn our original white paper published in the The Journal of Physiology in 2016, we set out our knowledge of the structural and functional organization of cardiac autonomic control, how it remodels during disease, and approaches to exploit such knowledge for autonomic regulation therapy. The aim of this update is to build on this original blueprint, highlighting the significant progress which has been made in the field since and major challenges and opportunities that exist with regard to translation. Imbalances in autonomic responses, while beneficial in the short term, ultimately contribute to the evolution of cardiac pathology. As our understanding emerges of where and how to target in terms of actuators (including the heart and intracardiac nervous system (ICNS), stellate ganglia, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), vagus nerve, brainstem, and even higher centres), there is also a need to develop sensor technology to respond to appropriate biomarkers (electrophysiological, mechanical, and molecular) such that closed‐loop autonomic regulation therapies can evolve. The goal is to work with endogenous control systems, rather than in opposition to them, to improve outcomes.
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Changes in intra‐ and interlimb reflexes from forelimb cutaneous afferents after staggered thoracic lateral hemisections during locomotion in cats
Authors: Mari Stephen , Lecomte Charly G. , Merlet Angèle N. , Audet Johannie , Yassine Sirine , Arab Rasha Al , Harnie Jonathan , Rybak Ilya A. , Prilutsky Boris I. , Frigon Alain 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIn quadrupeds, such as cats, cutaneous afferents from the forepaw dorsum signal external perturbations and send inputs to spinal circuits to co‐ordinate the activity in muscles of all four limbs. How these cutaneous reflex pathways from forelimb afferents are reorganized after an incomplete spinal cord injury is not clear. Using a staggered thoracic lateral hemisections paradigm, we investigated changes in intralimb and interlimb reflex pathways by electrically stimulating the left and right superficial radial nerves in seven adult cats and recording reflex responses in five forelimb and ten hindlimb muscles. After the first (right T5–T6) and second (left T10–T11) hemisections, forelimb–hindlimb co‐ordination was altered and weakened. After the second hemisection, cats required balance assistance to perform quadrupedal locomotion. Short‐, mid‐ and long‐latency homonymous and crossed reflex responses in forelimb muscles and their phase modulation remained largely unaffected after staggered hemisections. The occurrence of homolateral and diagonal mid‐ and long‐latency responses in hindlimb muscles evoked with left and right superficial radial nerve stimulation was significantly reduced at the first time point after the first hemisection, but partially recovered at the second time point with left superficial radial nerve stimulation. These responses were lost or reduced after the second hemisection. When present, all reflex responses, including homolateral and diagonal, maintained their phase‐dependent modulation. Therefore, our results show a considerable loss in cutaneous reflex transmission from cervical to lumbar levels after incomplete spinal cord injury, albeit with preservation of phase modulation, probably affecting functional responses to external perturbations.
imageKey points
Cutaneous afferent inputs co‐ordinate muscle activity in the four limbs during locomotion when the forepaw dorsum contacts an obstacle.
Thoracic spinal cord injury disrupts communication between spinal locomotor centres located at cervical and lumbar levels, impairing balance and limb co‐ordination.
We investigated cutaneous reflexes from forelimb afferents during quadrupedal locomotion by electrically stimulating the superficial radial nerve bilaterally, before and after staggered lateral thoracic hemisections in cats.
We showed a loss/reduction of mid‐ and long‐latency homolateral and diagonal reflex responses in hindlimb muscles early after the first hemisection that partially recovered with left superficial radial nerve stimulation, before being reduced after the second hemisection.
Targeting cutaneous reflex pathways from forelimb afferents projecting to the four limbs could help develop therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring transmission in ascending and descending spinal pathways.
Innovative Pressure Control With ANFIS-Enhanced Mode Switching for High-Speed Pneumatic Systems
Authors: Sun Guoxin , Li Shuaipeng , Yu Qihui , Zhang Jiabao , Ni Haoming 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
A pressure servosystem, with compressed air as its primary power source, plays a pivotal role in automotive braking. The substitution of expensive proportional valves with high-speed switching valves (HSVs) for chamber pressure control remains a prominent challenge for researchers. In addressing the single-chamber dual-valve pressure tracking system, a novel approach is proposed using an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) that enhances fuzzy control through neural network refinement. Integration with mode switching is employed to ameliorate chamber pressure tracking performance. This strategy amalgamates the learning capability of neural networks with the inferential capacity of fuzzy logic, effectively handling the intricate nonlinear characteristics of pneumatic systems. Experimental results demonstrate that for step signals in the range of 0.3–0.6 MPa, the maximum overshoot is reduced to 0.0041 MPa, and the random step error ranges between −0.01287 and 0.01275 MPa. The relative root-mean-square error for a 0.5 Hz harmonic signal is diminished by 26.91%.