bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primate response to natural gas pipeline construction in the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Gregory Tremaine , Carrasco‐Rueda Farah , Deichmann Jessica , Kolowski Joseph , Alonso Alfonso 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhile natural resource exploration and extraction activity is expanding in the Neotropics, our understanding of wildlife response to such activity is almost non‐existent. Primates, which fulfill important ecological roles and face numerous anthropogenic threats, are of particular concern. We studied primate group distribution before, during, and after natural gas pipeline construction in the Peruvian Amazon to investigate whether primates spatially avoid areas of disturbance. We monitored primates on eight transects 20 times per annual sampling period in three consecutive years and analyzed changes in group observations relative to the pipeline right‐of‐way in a multi‐season occupancy modeling framework. Overall primate group encounter rates were low (<half) compared to a nearby protected area. Contrary to expectations, we did not see clear evidence of spatial avoidance of the pipeline area. Although higher overall encounter rates before construction suggested lower primate use of the area during and following construction, this pattern could not be confirmed statistically, and probability of colonization and extinction of transect sections in the occupancy analysis could not be differentiated from zero. These results are probably attributable to a combination of low numbers of primate encounters and high spatial variability in primate use of different transects. This study provides valuable preliminary data and a methodological framework for understanding the response of an ecologically important group of mammals to anthropogenic activity. We encourage other researchers to continue exploring the impacts of natural resource exploration‐ and extraction‐related activities in the tropics, as such activities are likely to have a growing effect on ecosystems.
Association between bullying behavior, perceived school safety, and self‐cutting: a Japanese population‐based school survey
Authors: Hamada Shoko , Kaneko Hitoshi , Ogura Masayoshi , Yamawaki Aya , Maezono Junko , Sillanmäki Lauri , Sourander Andre , Honjo Shuji 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundNo previous population‐based studies have examined associations between self‐cutting, perceived school safety, and bullying behavior among East Asian adolescents.MethodWe examined whether bullying, victimization, and perceived school safety were associated with self‐cutting by getting 1865 students with a mean age of 13.9 years (standard deviation 0.2 years) to complete questions on these variables. Psychiatric problems were assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire.ResultsAbout 5.6% of males and 11.9% females had practiced self‐cutting and when we controlled these results for psychiatric symptoms, self‐cutting was associated with being both a bully and a victim among males and females. In addition, self‐cutting was independently associated with perceived school safety among females. Those who felt unsafe at school and were victimized were much more likely to engage in self‐cutting.ConclusionsSelf‐cutting among Japanese adolescents was linked with bullying behavior and feeling unsafe at school. Secure school environments and school‐based antibullying programs could help to prevent adolescent self‐injurious behavior.
Sacral neuromodulation for the treatment of faecal incontinence following proctectomy
Authors: Mizrahi I. , Chadi S. A. , Haim N. , Sands D. R. , Gurland B. , Zutshi M. , Wexner S. D. , da Silva G. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimThis study assessed the effectiveness of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) for faecal incontinence (FI) following proctectomy with colorectal or coloanal anastomosis.MethodsAn Institutional Review Board (IRB)‐approved database identified patients treated for FI following proctectomy (SNM‐P) for benign or malignant disease, who were matched 1:1 according to preoperative Cleveland Clinic Florida Faecal Incontinence Scores (CCF‐FIS) with patients without proctectomy (SNM‐NP). Primary outcome was change in CCF‐FIS.ResultsTwelve patients (seven women) were in the SNM‐P group and 12 (all women) were in the SNM‐NP group. In the SNM‐P group, six patients underwent proctectomy for low rectal cancer and five received neoadjuvant chemoradiation. Five patients had handsewn anastomosis, and one had stapled coloanal anastomosis. One lead explantation occurred after a failed 2‐week SNM percutaneous trial. Six patients underwent proctectomy for benign conditions. Within‐group analyses revealed significant improvement in CCF‐FIS in the SNM‐P group (reduction from a score of 18 to a score of 14; P = 0.02), which was more profound for benign disease (reduction from 14.5 to 8.5) than for rectal cancer (reduction from 19.5 to 15). SNM was explanted in 66% and 33% of patients after proctectomy for malignant and benign conditions, respectively. In the SNM‐NP group, 41% underwent overlapping sphincteroplasty. One patient received chemoradiation for anal cancer. Within‐group analysis for the SNM‐NP group showed significant improvement in CCF‐FIS (a reduction from 17.5 to 4.0; P = 0.003). There was significant improvement in CCF‐FIS in patients without previous proctectomy (mean delta CCF‐FIS: 11.1 vs 4.7; P = 0.011). Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) reaffirmed that controls outperformed proctectomy patients (P = 0.006).ConclusionSNM for FI after proctectomy appears less effective than SNM in patients without proctectomy, with high device explantation rates, particularly after neoadjuvant chemoradiation and proctectomy for low rectal cancer.
Adipophilin expression in cutaneous malignant melanoma
Authors: Fujimoto Masakazu , Matsuzaki Ibu , Yamamoto Yuki , Yoshizawa Akihiko , Warigaya Kenji , Iwahashi Yoshifumi , Kojima Fumiyoshi , Furukawa Fukumi , Murata Shin‐ichi 
Published: November 2016

BackgroundThe lipogenic pathway is upregulated in cancer cells, including melanomas. However, the pathological significance of cellular lipids in melanocytic lesions has yet to be determined. In this study, we evaluated intracytoplasmic lipid droplets in melanocytic nevi (MNs) and malignant melanomas via immunohistochemical analysis of adipophilin (ADP), which coats lipid droplets.MethodsOne hundred primary cutaneous melanocytic lesions [33 MNs, 17 melanomas in situ (MIS), and 50 invasive melanomas (IMs)] were immunostained for ADP. The intensity score (IS) and proportion score (PS) of ADP staining in each case was recorded semiquantitatively on a scale of 0 to 3+.ResultsHigh ADP expression (IS2/3+ and PS2/3+) was observed in 27 primary cutaneous melanocytic lesions that consisted of 23 IMs, three MISs, and one MN. Consequently, high ADP expression was associated with malignancy (38.8% vs. 3.0%; p < 0.0001). Among the IMs, high ADP expression was more prevalent in pT3/4 than pT1/2 (63.3% vs. 23.8%; p = 0.01) and Stage 3/4 than Stage 1/2 (76.9% vs. 36.8%; p = 0.02).ConclusionsThe majority of the melanocytic lesions with high ADP expression were malignant melanomas in our cohort. Therefore, ADP expression may serve as a sensitive diagnostic marker for malignant melanoma.
Insulin pump failures in Italian children with Type 1 diabetes: retrospective 1‐year cohort study
Authors: Rabbone I. , Minuto N. , Bonfanti R. , Marigliano M. , Cerutti F. , Cherubini V. , d'Annunzio G. , Frongia A. P. , Iafusco D. , Ignaccolo G. , Lombardo F. , Schiaffini R. , Toni S. , Tumini S. , Zucchini S. , Pistorio A. , Scaramuzza A. E. ,   the Italian Paediatric Pump Failure Study Group
Published: November 2016

AbstractAimsInsulin pump failure and/or malfunction requiring replacement have not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluated pump replacement in children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes using insulin pump therapy.MethodsData were collected for all participants younger than 19 years, starting insulin pump therapy before 31 December 2013. For each child, age, disease duration, date of insulin pump therapy initiation, insulin pump model, failure/malfunction/replacement yes/no and reason were considered for the year 2013.ResultsData were returned by 40 of 43 paediatric centres belonging to the Diabetes Study Group of the Italian Society of Paediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology. In total, 1574 of 11 311 (13.9%) children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes were using an insulin pump: 29.2% Animas VIBE™, 9.4% Medtronic MiniMed 715/515™, 34.3% Medtronic MiniMed VEO™, 24.3% Accu‐Check Spirit Combo™ and 2.8% other models. In 2013, 0.165 insulin pump replacements per patient‐year (11.8% due to pump failure/malfunction and 4.7% due to accidental damage) were recorded. Animas VIBE™ (22.1%) and Medtronic MiniMed VEO™ (17.7%) were the most replaced.ConclusionsIn a large cohort of Italian children and adolescents with Type 1 diabetes, insulin pump failure/malfunction and consequent replacement are aligned with rates previously reported and higher in more sophisticated pump models.
Fish assemblage dynamics in an intermittent river of the northern Australian wet–dry tropics
Authors: Pusey Bradley J. , Kennard Mark J. , Douglas Michael , Allsop Quentin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractIntermittent rivers make up a large portion of the global river network and are the dominant river type in northern Australia. Increased pressure is being placed on such systems, and a better understanding of their ecology is needed. We examined, over a 7‐year period, the fish fauna of the intermittent Fergusson River, a major tributary of the Daly River of the northern Australia. Changes in habitat structure with the onset of the dry season involved contraction of the riffle/run/pool habitat to a single refugial pool, the size of which was determined by antecedent wet season hydrology. The fishes present comprised a subset of species present within the Daly River main channel and consisted of the most widely distributed of northern Australia's freshwater fishes. The Fergusson River provides suitable spawning habitat for species during the wet season (e.g. Hephaestus fuliginosus, Leiopotherapon unicolor and Neosilurus catfishes) and during the dry season for a different set of species (e.g. Amniataba percoides, Melanotaenia australis and Glossogobius aureus). Little year‐to‐year variation in assemblage structure was observed early in the dry season, whereas interannual variation in late dry season assemblages was substantial. Dry season recruitment imparted some of the interannual variability in assemblage structure recorded between late dry season samples. Piscivorous fishes were an important, but temporally variable, component of the assemblage present in the late dry season refugial habitat, and predation was potentially another important source of variation in assemblage structure.
Beyond the Myth of the Nietzschean Ideal‐Type
Authors: Townsend Simon 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThis paper furthers the understanding of Nietzsche's project of increasing the prevalence of higher individuals. I do this by opposing the dominant tendency in Nietzschean scholarship of constructing a single ideal‐type. I argue that Nietzsche actually describes multiple higher types, with incommensurable physiological and psychological characteristics, and that attempts to collapse these into one type obscure the nuance and richness of his thought. Furthermore, I claim that higher types are not ahistorical ideals; instead, their emergence relates closely to existing psychological and physiological conditions in society. The artistic‐genius type, for example, is characterised by his sensitivity to stimuli and plays a vital role in injecting creativity into culturally uniform societies. He is, however, a counter‐productive role model for diverse modern societies, characterised by an abundance of stimuli and widespread reactivity. In response to such conditions, Nietzsche extols the virtue of a peculiarly anti‐modern type, who cultivates independence from stimuli. Interpreting higher types as multiple and historically situated is vital to carrying out the normative aspect of Nietzsche's philosophy. This role is performed by the philosophical‐physician, who surveys the physiological and psychological conditions of his own age and attempts to exploit these conditions to produce future higher individuals.
Thoracic aortic rupture in horses
Authors: Ploeg M. , Saey V. , van Loon G. , Delesalle C. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe aorta can rupture at the aortic root or aortic arch. In most breeds, the aortic root is the likely site and rupture leads to aortocardiac fistula with communication between the aorta and the right atrium, right ventricle and/or the interventricular septum. There is a high prevalence of aortic rupture in young Friesian horses and rupture occurs at the aortic arch with pseudoaneurysm and potentially aortopulmonary fistulation. Echocardiographic andpost‐mortemtechniques must be adapted to identify aortic arch rupture that is not generally identified with standard approaches. Given the narrow genetic base of the Friesian breed and the significant differences found in extracellular matrix composition and metabolism between Friesians and Warmbloods, genetic factors are likely to contribute to the condition in the Friesian breed.
Growth inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of l‐asparaginase from Fusarium culmorum ASP‐87 on human leukemia cells (Jurkat)
Authors: Meghavarnam Anil K. , Salah Maryam , Sreepriya Meenakshisundaram , Janakiraman Savitha 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the anticancer properties of l‐asparaginase purified from fungal isolate Fusarium culmorum ASP‐87 against human T‐cell leukemia cell line (Jurkat). The growth inhibitory and proapoptotic effects of purified l‐asparaginase on Jurkat cell lines were investigated by determining its influence on cell viability, colony formation, DNA fragmentation, and cell cycle progression. The results revealed that purified l‐asparaginase showed significant decrease in cell survival with IC50 value of 90 μg/mL (9 IU/mL). The enzyme inhibited colony formation and showed characteristic laddering pattern on agarose gel thereby confirming the induction of apoptosis. Further, cell cycle analysis revealed that the enzyme induced apoptotic cell death by arresting the growth of cells at G2‐M phase. However, the enzyme did not elicit any toxic effects on human erythrocytes. l‐asparaginase purified from F. culmorum ASP‐87 showed significant and selective cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on human T‐cell leukemic cells in dose‐dependent manner. Results of the study give leads for the anticancer effects of fungal l‐asparaginase and its potential usefulness in the chemotherapy of leukemia.
The C‐terminal extension of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Hsp16.3 regulates its oligomerization, subunit exchange dynamics and chaperone function
Authors: Panda Alok Kumar , Chakraborty Ayon , Nandi Sandip Kumar , Kaushik Abhishek , Biswas Ashis 
Published: November 2016

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a human pathogen that secretes a major immunodominant antigen, namely Hsp16.3, throughout the course of infection. Hsp16.3 belongs to the small heat shock protein family and exhibits a molecular chaperone function that is important for the growth and survival of M. tuberculosis in host cell macrophages. The importance of the N‐terminal region for the structure and chaperone function of Hsp16.3 is well understood. However, the effect of the C‐terminal region on these properties is far from clear. Therefore, we cloned, over‐expressed and purified wild‐type and seven C‐terminal‐truncated mutant proteins of Hsp16.3. Mutants with deletions of one and two C‐terminal extension (CTE) residues had a structure and chaperone function similar to wild‐type protein. Intriguingly, deletion of three residues from the CTE triggered perturbation of the tertiary structure, dissociation of the oligomeric assembly (dodecamer to octamer and dimer), enhancement of subunit exchange dynamics and improvement in the chaperone function of Hsp16.3. Interestingly, these structural modulations (except oligomeric dissociation) as well as chaperoning strength reached their apex upon truncation of the entire CTE (141RSTN144). Further deletions from the C‐terminal region beyond the CTE increased only the degree of oligomeric dissociation, and the complete removal of this region made the protein into a dimer. Overall, our study suggests a ‘new structural element’ in the C‐terminal region, i.e. the C‐terminal extension, which plays an important role in the oligomerization, subunit exchange dynamics and chaperone function of Hsp16.3.
Loss of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 perturbs iron homeostasis and leads to apoptotic cell death in Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Su Yang , Yang Yanmei , Huang Ying 
Published: November 2016

Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins characterized by tandem arrays of a degenerate 35‐amino‐acid repeat belong to a large family of RNA‐binding proteins that are involved in post‐transcriptional control of organelle gene expression. PPR proteins are ubiquitous in eukaryotes, and particularly prevalent in higher plants. Schizosaccharomyces pombe has 10 PPR proteins. Among them, ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, and ppr10 participate in mitochondrial post‐transcriptional processes and are required for mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) function. In the present work, we showed that deletion of ppr3, ppr4, ppr6, or ppr10 led to apoptotic cell death, as revealed by DAPI and Annexin V‐FITC staining. These mutants also exhibited elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) and quantitative RT‐PCR analyses revealed that deletion of ppr10 affected critical biological processes. In particular, a core set of genes involved in iron uptake and/or iron homeostasis was elevated in the Δppr10 mutant, suggesting an elevated level of intracellular iron in the mutant. Consistent with this notion, Δppr3, Δppr4, Δppr6, and Δppr10 mutants exhibited increased sensitivity to iron. Furthermore, the iron chelator, bathophenanthroline disulfonic acid, but not the calcium chelator EGTA, nearly restored the viabilities of Δppr3, Δppr4, Δppr6, and Δppr10 mutants, and reduced ROS levels in the mutants. These results show for the first time that deletion of a ppr gene leads to perturbation of iron homeostasis. Our results also suggest that disrupted iron homeostasis in Δppr3, Δppr4, Δppr6, and Δppr10 mutants may lead to an increase in the level of ROS and induction of apoptotic cell death in S. pombe.DatabaseThe RNA‐seq data have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) BioProject database (accession number SRP091623) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database (accession number GSE90144).
Adaptive and plastic responses of Quercus petraea populations to climate across Europe
Authors: Sáenz‐Romero Cuauhtémoc , Lamy Jean‐Baptiste , Ducousso Alexis , Musch Brigitte , Ehrenmann François , Delzon Sylvain , Cavers Stephen , Chałupka Władysław , Dağdaş Said , Hansen Jon Kehlet , Lee Steve J. , Liesebach Mirko , Rau Hans‐Martin , Psomas Achilleas , Schneck Volker , Steiner Wilfried , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Kremer Antoine 
Published: November 2016

AbstractHow temperate forests will respond to climate change is uncertain; projections range from severe decline to increased growth. We conducted field tests of sessile oak (Quercus petraea), a widespread keystone European forest tree species, including more than 150 000 trees sourced from 116 geographically diverse populations. The tests were planted on 23 field sites in six European countries, in order to expose them to a wide range of climates, including sites reflecting future warmer and drier climates. By assessing tree height and survival, our objectives were twofold: (i) to identify the source of differential population responses to climate (genetic differentiation due to past divergent climatic selection vs. plastic responses to ongoing climate change) and (ii) to explore which climatic variables (temperature or precipitation) trigger the population responses. Tree growth and survival were modeled for contemporary climate and then projected using data from four regional climate models for years 2071–2100, using two greenhouse gas concentration trajectory scenarios each. Overall, results indicated a moderate response of tree height and survival to climate variation, with changes in dryness (either annual or during the growing season) explaining the major part of the response. While, on average, populations exhibited local adaptation, there was significant clinal population differentiation for height growth with winter temperature at the site of origin. The most moderate climate model (HIRHAM5‐EC; rcp4.5) predicted minor decreases in height and survival, while the most extreme model (CCLM4‐GEM2‐ES; rcp8.5) predicted large decreases in survival and growth for southern and southeastern edge populations (Hungary and Turkey). Other nonmarginal populations with continental climates were predicted to be severely and negatively affected (Bercé, France), while populations at the contemporary northern limit (colder and humid maritime regions; Denmark and Norway) will probably not show large changes in growth and survival in response to climate change.
The efficiency of nitrogen in cattle manures when applied to a double‐annual forage cropping system
Authors: Perramon B. , Bosch‐Serra À. D. , Domingo‐Olivé F. , Boixadera J. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe use of cattle manure (CM) for fertilization presents challenges for optimizing nitrogen (N) use. Our work aimed to assess N efficiencies, in a 6‐year experiment with three biennial rotations of four crops: oat–sorghum (first year) and ryegrass–maize (second year) in a rainfed humid Mediterranean area of Spain. Fertilization treatments included the following: control (no N), 250 kg mineral N ha−1 year−1 (250MN), three CM rates (supplying 170, 250 and 500 kg N ha−1 year−1) and four treatments where the two lowest CM rates were complemented with either 80 or 160 kg mineral N ha−1 year−1. Treatments were distributed randomly in each of three blocks. Maximum dry‐matter yield (~44–49 t ha−1 rotation−1) was achieved in the third rotation, and only the control and the 170CM yielded significantly less. Within the limitations of the EU Nitrate Directive, the N steady state supply of 170CM always requires a complement of mineral N (80 kg N ha−1) to maximize N agronomic efficiency. The maximum N‐fertilizer replacement value (250CM vs. 250MN) was 0·67, without significant differences between the two treatments in other N‐related efficiency indexes, which indicates that plants took advantage of residual‐N effects. Nitrogen losses by leaching in the 250CM treatment were around 5–7% of the N applied. This reinforces the sustainability of manure recycling in long cropping seasons.