bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Etoposide induced cytotoxicity mediated by ROS and ERK in human kidney proximal tubule cells
Authors: Shin Hyeon-Jun , Kwon Hyuk-Kwon , Lee Jae-Hyeok , Anwar Muhammad Ayaz , Choi Sangdun 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEtoposide (ETO) is a commonly used chemotherapeutic drug that inhibits topoisomerase II activity, thereby leading to genotoxicity and cytotoxicity. However, ETO has limited application due to its side effects on normal organs, especially the kidney. Here, we report the mechanism of ETO-induced cytotoxicity progression in human kidney proximal tubule (HK-2) cells. Our results show that ETO perpetuates DNA damage, activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and triggers morphological changes, such as cell and nuclear swelling. When NAC, a well-known reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, is co-treated with ETO, it inhibits an ETO-induced increase in mitochondrial mass, mitochondrial DNA (ND1 and ND4) copy number, intracellular ATP level, and mitochondrial biogenesis activators (TFAM, PGC-1α and PGC-1β). Moreover, co-treatment with ETO and NAC inhibits ETO-induced necrosis and cell swelling, but not apoptosis. Studies using MAPK inhibitors reveal that inhibition of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) protects ETO-induced cytotoxicity by inhibiting DNA damage and caspase 3/7 activity. Eventually, ERK inhibitor treated cells are protected from ETO-induced nuclear envelope (NE) rupture and DNA leakage through inhibition of caspase activity. Taken together, these data suggest that ETO mediates cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells through ROS and ERK pathways, which highlight the preventive avenues in ETO-induced cytotoxicity in kidney.
Nb2O5-γ-Al2O3 nanofibers as heterogeneous catalysts for efficient conversion of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Jiao Huanfeng , Zhao Xiaoliang , Lv Chunxiao , Wang Yijun , Yang Dongjiang , Li Zhenhuan , Yao Xiangdong 
Published: September 2016

AbstractOne-dimensional γ-Al2O3 nanofibers were modified with Nb2O5 to be used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst to catalyze biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). At low Nb2O5 loading, the niobia species were well dispersed on γ-Al2O3 nanofiber through Nb–O–Al bridge bonds. The interaction between Nb2O5 precursor and γ-Al2O3 nanofiber results in the niobia species with strong Lewis acid sites and intensive Brønsted acid sites, which made 5-HMF yield from glucose to reach the maximum 55.9~59.0% over Nb2O5-γ-Al2O3 nanofiber with a loading of 0.5~1 wt% Nb2O5 at 150 °C for 4 h in dimethyl sulfoxide. However, increasing Nb2O5 loading could lead to the formation of two-dimensional polymerized niobia species, three-dimensional polymerized niobia species and crystallization, which significantly influenced the distribution and quantity of the Lewis acid sites and Brönst acid sites over Nb2O5-γ-Al2O3 nanofiber. Lewis acid site Nbδ+ played a key role on the isomerization of glucose to fructose, while Brønsted acid sites are more active for the dehydration of generated fructose to 5-HMF. In addition, the heterogeneous Nb2O5-γ-Al2O3 nanofiber catalyst with suitable ratio of Lewis acid to Brönsted sites should display an more excellent catalytic performance in the conversion of glucose to 5-HMF.
Elevated First-Trimester Total Bile Acid is Associated with the Risk of Subsequent Gestational Diabetes
Authors: Hou Wolin , Meng Xiyan , Zhao Weijing , Pan Jiemin , Tang Junling , Huang Yajuan , Tao Minfang , Liu Fang , Jia Weiping 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe aim of the current study is to assess whether total bile acid (TBA) level in first trimester pregnancy is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Biochemical parameters including serum TBA of 742 pregnant women were collected within 12 weeks of gestation and compared. At 24–28th weeks of gestation, 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed. The perinatal data of 330 women were collected. The results demonstrated women with GDM (n = 268) had higher first-trimester serum levels of TBA compared with healthy subjects (n = 474) (2.3 ± 1.4 μmol/L vs. 1.9 ± 1.0 μmol/L, P < 0.001). TBA was independently associated with GDM [adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.38; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.18–1.61, P < 0.001]. Compared to the first category of TBA, women in the highest category had a marked increase in risk for GDM (AOR, 7.72; 95% CI, 3.22–18.50, P < 0.001). In conclusion, higher first-trimester TBA levels, even within normal range, may help indicate increased risk of GDM.
In vitro and in vivo study of additive manufactured porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds for repairing bone defects
Authors: Li Guoyuan , Wang Lei , Pan Wei , Yang Fei , Jiang Wenbo , Wu Xianbo , Kong Xiangdong , Dai Kerong , Hao Yongqiang 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMetallic implants with a low effective modulus can provide early load-bearing and reduce stress shielding, which is favorable for increasing in vivo life-span. In this research, porous Ti6Al4V scaffolds with three pore sizes (300~400, 400~500 and 500~700 μm) were manufactured by Electron Beam Melting, with an elastic modulus range of 3.7 to 1.7 GPa. Cytocompatibility in vitro and osseointegration ability in vivo of scaffolds were assessed. hBMSCs numbers increased on all porous scaffolds over time. The group with intended pore sizes of 300 to 400 μm was significantly higher than that of the other two porous scaffolds at days 5 and 7. This group also had higher ALP activity at day 7 in osteogenic differentiation experiment. The scaffold with pore size of 300 to 400 μm was implanted into a 30-mm segmental defect of goat metatarsus. In vivo evaluations indicated that the depth of bone ingrowth increased over time and no implant dislocation occurred during the experiment. Based on its better cytocompatibility and favorable bone ingrowth, the present data showed the capability of the additive manufactured porous Ti6Al4V scaffold with an intended pore size of 300 to 400 μm for large segmental bone defects.
Coalescence of Immiscible Liquid Metal Drop on Graphene
Authors: Li Tao , Li Jie , Wang Long , Duan Yunrui , Li Hui 
Published: September 2016

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations were performed to investigate the wetting and coalescence of liquid Al and Pb drops on four carbon-based substrates. We highlight the importance of the microstructure and surface topography of substrates in the coalescence process. Our results show that the effect of substrate on coalescence is achieved by changing the wettability of the Pb metal. Additionally, we determine the critical distance between nonadjacent Al and Pb films required for coalescence. These findings improve our understanding of the coalescence of immiscible liquid metals at the atomistic level.
Global Phosphoproteomic Analysis Reveals the Involvement of Phosphorylation in Aflatoxins Biosynthesis in the Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Ren Silin , Yang Mingkun , Li Yu , Zhang Feng , Chen Zhuo , Zhang Jia , Yang Guang , Yue Yuewei , Li Siting , Ge Feng , Wang Shihua 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAspergillus flavus is a pathogenic fungus that produces toxic and carcinogenic aflatoxins and is the causative agent of aflatoxicosis. A growing body of evidence indicates that reversible phosphorylation plays important roles in regulating diverse functions in this pathogen. However, only a few phosphoproteins of this fungus have been identified, which hampers our understanding of the roles of phosphorylation in A. flavus. So we performed a global and site-specific phosphoproteomic analysis of A. flavus. A total of 598 high-confidence phosphorylation sites were identified in 283 phosphoproteins. The identified phosphoproteins were involved in various biological processes, including signal transduction and aflatoxins biosynthesis. Five identified phosphoproteins associated with MAPK signal transduction and aflatoxins biosynthesis were validated by immunoblotting using phospho-specific antibodies. Further functional studies revealed that phosphorylation of the MAP kinase kinase kinase Ste11 affected aflatoxins biosynthesis in A. flavus. Our data represent the results of the first global survey of protein phosphorylation in A. flavus and reveal previously unappreciated roles for phosphorylation in the regulation of aflatoxins production. The generated dataset can serve as an important resource for the functional analysis of protein phosphorylation in A. flavus and facilitate the elucidation of phosphorylated signaling networks in this pathogen.
The interaction of excited atoms and few-cycle laser pulses
Authors: Calvert J. E. , Xu Han , Palmer A. J. , Glover R. D. , Laban D. E. , Tong X. M. , Kheifets A. S. , Bartschat K. , Litvinyuk I. V. , Kielpinski D. , Sang R. T. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis work describes the first observations of the ionisation of neon in a metastable atomic state utilising a strong-field, few-cycle light pulse. We compare the observations to theoretical predictions based on the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov (ADK) theory and a solution to the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE). The TDSE provides better agreement with the experimental data than the ADK theory. We optically pump the target atomic species and measure the ionisation rate as the a function of different steady-state populations in the fine structure of the target state which shows significant ionisation rate dependence on populations of spin-polarised states. The physical mechanism for this effect is unknown.
Reappraisal of effects of serum chemerin and adiponectin levels and nutritional status on cardiovascular outcomes in prevalent hemodialysis patients
Authors: Chen Hung-Yuan , Chiu Yen-Lin , Hsu Shih-Ping , Pai Mei-Fen , Yang Ju-Yeh , Wu Hon-Yen , Peng Yu-Sen 
Published: September 2016

AbstractAlthough chemerin, an adipokine, increases the cardiovascular (CV) risk in obese people, it is associated with a survival advantage in incident hemodialysis (HD) patients. We explored the potential effects of chemerin on CV outcomes in prevalent HD patients. This prospective study included 343 prevalent HD patients. The composite outcome was the occurrence of CV events and death during follow-up. We used multivariate Cox regression analysis to test the predictive power of different chemerin and adiponectin levels and geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI) for the outcomes. HD patients with higher chemerin levels (≥211.4 ng/mL) had a lower risk of CV events (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.41–0.98) and composite CV outcome (adjusted HR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.45–0.99) than those with lower chemerin levels (<211.4 ng/mL). When evaluating CV outcomes, we identified an interaction between chemerin levels and GNRI, but not between chemerin and adiponectin levels. The findings remained robust in the sensitivity analysis. Thus, in prevalent HD patients with negligible residual renal function, higher chemerin levels predict more favourable CV outcomes.
Theoretical Comparison of Optical Properties of Near-Infrared Colloidal Plasmonic Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Kai , Xue Xiaozheng , Furlani Edward P. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractWe study optical properties of near-infrared absorbing colloidal plasmonic nanostructures that are of interest for biomedical theranostic applications: SiO2@Au core-shell particles, Au nanocages and Au nanorods. Full-wave field analysis is used to compare the absorption spectra and field enhancement of these structures as a function of their dimensions and orientation with respect to the incident field polarization. Absorption cross-sections of structures with the same volume and LSPR wavelength are compared to quantify differential performance for imaging, sensing and photothermal applications. The analysis shows that while the LSPR of each structure can be tuned to the NIR, particles with a high degree of rotational symmetry, i.e. the SiO2@Au and nanocage particles, provide superior performance for photothermal applications because their absorption is less sensitive to their orientation, which is random in colloidal applications. The analysis also demonstrates that Au nanocages are advantaged with respect to other structures for imaging, sensing and drug delivery applications as they support abundant E field hot spots along their surface and within their open interior. The modeling approach presented here broadly applies to dilute colloidal plasmonic nanomaterials of arbitrary shapes, sizes and material constituents and is well suited for the rational design of novel plasmon-assisted theranostic applications.
Excellent magnetocaloric properties in RE2Cu2Cd (RE = Dy and Tm) compounds and its composite materials
Authors: Zhang Yikun , Yang Yang , Xu Xiao , Geng Shuhua , Hou Long , Li Xi , Ren Zhongming , Wilde Gerhard 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe magnetic properties and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of ternary intermetallic RE2Cu2Cd (RE = Dy and Tm) compounds and its composite materials have been investigated in detail. Both compounds undergo a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition at its own Curie temperatures of TC ~ 48.5 and 15 K for Dy2Cu2Cd and Tm2Cu2Cd, respectively, giving rise to the large reversible MCE. An additionally magnetic transition can be observed around 16 K for Dy2Cu2Cd compound. The maximum values of magnetic entropy change (−ΔSMmax) are estimated to be 17.0 and 20.8 J/kg K for Dy2Cu2Cd and Tm2Cu2Cd, for a magnetic field change of 0–70 kOe, respectively. A table-like MCE in a wide temperature range of 10–70 K and enhanced refrigerant capacity (RC) are achieved in the Dy2Cu2Cd - Tm2Cu2Cd composite materials. For a magnetic field change of 0–50 kOe, the maximum improvements of RC reach 32% and 153%, in comparison with that of individual compound Dy2Cu2Cd and Tm2Cu2Cd. The excellent MCE properties suggest the RE2Cu2Cd (RE = Dy and Tm) and its composite materials could be expected to have effective applications for low temperature magnetic refrigeration.
Abrupt switch to migratory night flight in a wild migratory songbird
Authors: Zúñiga Daniel , Falconer Jade , Fudickar Adam M. , Jensen Willi , Schmidt Andreas , Wikelski Martin , Partecke Jesko 
Published: September 2016

AbstractEvery year, billions of wild diurnal songbirds migrate at night. To do so, they shift their daily rhythm from diurnality to nocturnality. In captivity this is observed as a gradual transition of daytime activity developing into nocturnal activity, but how wild birds prepare their daily rhythms for migration remains largely unknown. Using an automated radio-telemetry system, we compared activity patterns of free-living migrant and resident European blackbirds (Turdus merula) in a partially migratory population during the pre-migratory season. We found that activity patterns between migrant and resident birds did not differ during day and night. Migrants did not change their daily rhythm in a progressive manner as has been observed in captivity, but instead abruptly became active during the night of departure. The rapid shift in rhythmicity might be more common across migratory songbird species, but may not have been observed before in wild animals due to a lack of technology.
Novel highly divergent reassortant bat rotaviruses in Cameroon, without evidence of zoonosis
Authors: Yinda Claude Kwe , Zeller Mark , Conceição-Neto Nádia , Maes Piet , Deboutte Ward , Beller Leen , Heylen Elisabeth , Ghogomu Stephen Mbigha , Van Ranst Marc , Matthijnssens Jelle 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBats are an important reservoir for zoonotic viruses. To date, only three RVA strains have been reported in bats in Kenya and China. In the current study we investigated the genetic diversity of RVAs in fecal samples from 87 straw-colored fruit bats living in close contact with humans in Cameroon using viral metagenomics. Five (near) complete RVA genomes were obtained. A single RVA strain showed a partial relationship with the Kenyan bat RVA strain, whereas the other strains were completely novel. Only the VP7 and VP4 genes showed significant variability, indicating the occurrence of frequent reassortment events. Comparing these bat RVA strains with currently used human RVA screening primers indicated that most of the novel VP7 and VP4 segments would not be detected in routine epidemiological screening studies. Therefore, novel consensus screening primers were developed and used to screen samples from infants with gastroenteritis living in close proximity with the studied bat population. Although RVA infections were identified in 36% of the infants, there was no evidence of zoonosis. This study identified multiple novel bat RVA strains, but further epidemiological studies in humans will have to assess if these viruses have the potential to cause gastroenteritis in humans.
Chosen Listening Levels for Music With and Without the Use of Hearing Aids
Authors: Croghan Naomi B. H. , Swanberg Anne M. , Anderson Melinda C. , Arehart Kathryn H. 
Published: September 2016

PurposeThe objective of this study was to describe chosen listening levels (CLLs) for recorded music for listeners with hearing loss in aided and unaided conditions.MethodThe study used a within-subject, repeated-measures design with 13 adult hearing-aid users. The music included rock and classical samples with different amounts of audio-industry compression limiting. CLL measurements were taken at ear level (i.e., at input to the hearing aid) and at the tympanic membrane.ResultsFor aided listening, average CLLs were 69.3 dBA at the input to the hearing aid and 80.3 dBA at the tympanic membrane. For unaided listening, average CLLs were 76.9 dBA at the entrance to the ear canal and 77.1 dBA at the tympanic membrane. Although wide intersubject variability was observed, CLLs were not associated with audiometric thresholds. CLLs for rock music were higher than for classical music at the tympanic membrane, but no differences were observed between genres for ear-level CLLs. The amount of audio-industry compression had no significant effect on CLLs.ConclusionBy describing the levels of recorded music chosen by hearing-aid users, this study provides a basis for ecologically valid testing conditions in clinical and laboratory settings.
Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy‐model‐based control of three‐phase AC/DC voltage source converters using adaptive sliding mode technique
Authors: Liu Jianxing , Gao Yabin , Luo Wensheng , Wu Ligang 
Published: September 2016

This study presents an adaptive sliding mode control (SMC) scheme for the output voltage regulation of the three‐phase AC/DC voltage source converters, based on interval type‐2 (IT2) Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy model. Parameters of the whole system are considered with bounded perturbations, and the non‐linearities together with corresponding uncertain parameters existing in the input term are dealt with lower and upper membership functions of type‐2 firing intervals. SMC technique is employed to control the output capacitor voltage while keeping the power factor close to one, using the T–S fuzzy model. An integral sliding mode surface, in terms of the error dynamics generated by the system states and their references, is first designed with normalised central membership functions. Then, adaptive technique is applied to compensate the uncertain coefficients in the IT2 membership grades. Finite‐time reachability of the sliding mode is guaranteed under the resulting adaptive SMC. Finally, the robust and effective tracking performance of the proposed controller is tested and validated in the presence of the uncertain parameter perturbations.
Synthesis of hierarchical three‐dimensional CuO spindles for highly sensitive glucose determination
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhao Qian , Ding Jieting , Wang Hui , Ma Yuanyuan , Lv Weizhong , Ji Shan , Li Shunxi , Wang Rongfang 
Published: September 2016

Hierarchical three‐dimensional copper oxide (CuO) spindles were prepared via a hydrothermal process. The as‐prepared CuO spindles assembled from nanoslices were characterised by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The obtained hierarchical structure exhibited numerous particle boundaries acting as active sites for glucose oxidation in an alkaline solution. Chronomaperometric studies showed that under an optimal applied potential of +0.5 V versus Ag/AgCl, the as‐prepared CuO electrode exhibited a broad detection range from 0.001 to 3.0 mM with a sensitivity of ca. 3000 μA mM−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 0.3 μM. The CuO spindle electrode also demonstrated excellent selectivity to glucose oxidation in the presence of several electro‐active species.
Zeit für Veränderung – Was wir für die hausärztliche Versorgung älterer depressiver Menschen von den USA lernen können
Authors: Bjerregaard F. , Hüll M. , Stieglitz R.-D. , Hölzel L. 
Published: September 2016

ZusammenfassungDepression ist eine der häufigsten psychischen Erkrankungen im höheren Lebensalter. Oft geht sie mit komorbiden somatischen Erkrankungen einher und Betroffene werden zu Vielnutzern des Gesundheitssystems. Aufgrund der nicht nur individuellen, sondern auch gesellschaftlichen Relevanz, ist ein Blick auf die aktuelle Versorgung und Optimierungsmöglichkeiten von älteren Menschen mit Depression wichtig und notwendig. Der Hausarzt stellt meist nicht nur die erste Anlaufstelle dar, sondern übernimmt oft die gesamte Depressionsbehandlung. Aufgrund limitierter Möglichkeiten in der hausärztlichen Versorgung, gibt es in den USA schon seit einigen Jahren kollaborative Programme, die eine optimierte Vernetzung und Zusammenarbeit zwischen unterschiedlichen Behandlern vorsieht und speziell geschulte Case Manager einsetzt, um die übliche hausärztliche Behandlung mit kurzen verhaltenstherapeutischen Interventionen zu unterstützen. In Deutschland gibt es ebenfalls bereits neue Ansätze und Modelle um die Versorgung älterer depressiver Menschen zu verbessern, die aber noch weiterer Überprüfungen bedürfen.
B7-H1 shapes T-cell–mediated brain endothelial cell dysfunction and regional encephalitogenicity in spontaneous CNS autoimmunity
Authors: Klotz Luisa , Kuzmanov Ivan , Hucke Stephanie , Gross Catharina C. , Posevitz Vilmos , Dreykluft Angela , Schulte-Mecklenbeck Andreas , Janoschka Claudia , Lindner Maren , Herold Martin , Schwab Nicholas , Ludwig-Portugall Isis , Kurts Christian , Meuth Sven G. , Kuhlmann Tanja , Wiendl Heinz 
Published: September 2016

Significance
A crucial step in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), is transmigration of pathogenic T cells across the blood–brain barrier. These T cells mediate inflammation and subsequent lesion formation in the CNS. However, molecular mechanisms underlying lesion distribution and formation are not well understood. We here show that genetic ablation of a single immunoregulatory molecule on T cells, B7-homolog 1 (B7-H1), causes local endothelial dysfunction and determines lesion topography in a spontaneous mouse model of CNS autoimmunity. These findings can lead to new therapeutic approaches in targeting pathogenic T cell responses in MS.
On the reliability of unreliable information
Authors: Mitchell Dominic , Bryson Joanna J. , Rauwolf Paul , Ingram Gordon P.D. 
Published: September 2016

Abstract
When individuals learn from what others tell them, the information is subject to transmission error that does not arise in learning from direct experience. Yet evidence shows that humans consistently prefer this apparently more unreliable source of information. We examine the effect this preference has in cases where the information concerns a judgment on others’ behaviour and is used to establish cooperation in a society. We present a spatial model confirming that cooperation can be sustained by gossip containing a high degree of uncertainty. Accuracy alone does not predict the value of information in evolutionary terms; relevance, the impact of information on behavioural outcomes, must also be considered. We then show that once relevance is incorporated as a criterion, second-hand information can no longer be discounted on the basis of its poor fidelity alone. Finally we show that the relative importance of accuracy and relevance depends on factors of life history and demography.