bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Original Article. Inflammatory effect of 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) on adipose tissue gene expression in pregnant Sprague Dawley rats
Authors: Whitby Shamaya L. , Hunter Daniel A. , Yau Wilson , Howerth Elizabeth W. , Gato Worlanyo E. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAdipocyte dysfunction may be a critical link between obesity and insulin resistance as a result of abnormal fat storage and mobilization. Adipocytes uniquely secrete adipokines and cytokines, such as leptin and TNFα, wich promote insulin sensitivity. Previously we reported insulin-signaling related altered gene expression in animals exposed to 2-Aminoanthracene (2AA). 2AA is an aminosubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon used in manufacturing dyes, chemicals, inks, resins, and polyurethanes. The objective of this study was to examine the inflammation related effects of 2AA exposure from gestation to postnatal period on dams that ingested 2AA. To examine 2AA effects, pregnant dams were assigned into dose regimens of 2AA. Dams were fed 2AA contaminated diet during the period of gestation and postpartum. The expression of key gene transcripts reported to be important in mediating inflammatory processes was examined via quantitative RT-PCR. Histologic examination of adipose tissue (AT) was also carried out to understand the anatomy of AT due to 2AA exposure during gestation and two weeks postpartum. Examination of the adipose tissue for microscopic changes revealed no alterations between control and low-dose animals. However, AT of the high-dose animals was infiltrated by increased numbers of CD68+mononuclear cells (macrophages) and small numbers of eosinophils and mast cells, consistent with inflammation. In addition, analysis of the mRNA expression of cytokines and adipokines demonstrated the importance of inflammation in AT dysfunction. For instance, TNFα, LEPTIN and IL-6 transcripts were relatively more expressed in the low dose animals than in the high dose and control rats. At the protein level, however, high amounts of cytokines were noted. The effects of 2AA on pregnant dams appear to be more pronounced in the high dose group than in the low dose group, possibly indicating increased susceptibility of rat offspring within this group to elicit a diabetic-type response.
Original Article. Toxicity of Glandularia selloi (Spreng.) Tronc. leave extract by MTT and neutral red assays: influence of the test medium procedure
Authors: Figueiró Luciana Rizzieri , Comerlato Luana Christine , Da Silva Marcia Vignoli , Zuanazzi José Ângelo Silveira , Von Poser Gilsane Lino , Ziulkoski Ana Luiza 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Cytotoxicity assays using cell cultures may be an alternative to assess biological toxicity of plant extracts with potential phytotherapeutic properties. This study compared three methods to prepare culture media for the exposure of Vero cells to plant extracts. Leaves of Glandularia selloi (Spreng.) Tronc. were used to prepare culture medium with aqueous extract, extract in culture medium and methanol extract. Toxicity was assessed using the MTT and neutral red (NR) assays. In general, alterations in the cellular functions were found in all extracts and assays. Cytotoxic effect occurred at lower doses in aqueous extract and the range of effect of the methanol extract was small. The procedure of preparing the test medium has an effect on the outcome of the assay. Cytotoxicity of plant extract can be assessed by MTT and NR assays. Aqueous extract added to the culture medium presented the best profile to assess cytotoxicity.
Review Article. Technical aspects of oxygen level regulation in primary cell cultures: A review
Authors: Yazdani Mazyar 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Oxygen (O2) is an essential element for aerobic respiration. Atmospheric concentration of O2 is approximately 21%. Mammalian cells, however, are generally adapted to O2 levels much lower than atmospheric conditions. The pericellular levels of O2 must also be maintained within a fairly narrow range to meet the demands of cells. This applies equally to cells in vivo and cells in primary cultures. There has been growing interest in the performance of cell culture experiments under various O2 levels to study molecular and cellular responses. To this end, a range of technologies (e.g. gas-permeable technology) and instruments (e.g. gas-tight boxes and gas-controlled incubators) have been developed. It should be noted, however, that some of these have limitations and they are still undergoing refinement. Nevertheless, better results should be possible when technical concerns are taken into account. This paper aims to review various aspects of O2 level adjustment in primary cell cultures, regulation of pericellular O2 gradients and possible effects of the cell culture medium.
Is first language attrition possible without second language knowledge?
Authors: Baladzhaeva Liubov , Laufer Batia 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe study explores whether Russian immigrants in Israel with no knowledge of Hebrew (L2) can experience attrition of Russian (L1). Immigrants with no knowledge of Hebrew (−Hebrew), bilingual immigrants who know Russian and Hebrew (+Hebrew), and monolingual controls were compared on lexical retrieval, correctness judgment of collocations, future tense formation, confidence in providing answers to two tasks and the time it took to complete them. Both immigrant groups showed signs of L1 attrition of collocations and of future tense formation, and the –Hebrew group performed significantly worse than +Hebrew group on future tense formation. The three groups did not differ in time-on-task. The –Hebrew group was less confident than the other groups in one task. Low and significant correlations were found between some sociolinguistic factors and test results. We conclude that first language attrition can occur both when immigrants acquire a second language and when they remain monolingual.
Viktor Krupa, as I Knew Him
Authors: Ondrejovič Slavomír 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The paper is dedicated to Viktor Krupa, the famous linguist and orientalist as well as long-time friend and colleague of the author of the paper that celebrates his life anniversary – the eightieth birthday. The author deals not only with numerous book publications and studies of Viktor Krupa focused first of all on important linguistic theoretical, typological and orientalist works, but he also analyses his other books. Viktor Krupa is an author of numerous ethnological and folkloristic works, translator of more than 100 books from the world as well as oriental languages and he published many travel and adventure books. The author speaks also about some milestones in the life of Viktor Krupa and he tries to characterise the nature, which enabled Viktor Krupa to become one of the most significant authors of the contemporary Slovak and European oriental studies and linguistics as a whole.
Review. Automatic Segmentation Techniques of the Coronary Artery Using CT Images in Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Szilágyi Sándor Miklós , Popovici Monica Marton , Szilágyi László 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Coronary artery disease represents one of the leading reasons of death worldwide, and acute coronary syndromes are their most devastating consequences. It is extremely important to identify the patients at risk for developing an acute myocardial infarction, and this goal can be achieved using noninvasive imaging techniques. Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is currently one of the most reliable methods used for assessing the coronary arteries; however, its use in emergency settings is sometimes limited due to time constraints. This paper presents the main characteristics of plaque vulnerability, the role of CCTA in the assessment of vulnerable plaques, and automatic segmentation techniques of the coronary artery tree based on CT angiography images. A detailed inventory of existing methods is given, representing the state-of-the-art of computational methods applied in vascular system segmentation, focusing on the current applications in acute coronary syndromes.
Case report. Multiple Mediastinal Arteriovenous Fistulas in a Patient with Myocardial Ischemia Symptoms and Tachy-Brady Arrhythmias
Authors: Kovács István , Condrea Sebastian , Rodean Ioana , Cernica Daniel 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Arteriovenous fistulas are abnormal vascular communications between the arterial and venous system and may lead to the development of arteriovenous shunts. These malformations are extremely rare, and their diagnosis can be difficult due to the lack of symptoms or the absence of hemodynamic consequences. In many cases, arteriovenous fistulas are discovered by chance. In this brief report, we present the case of a 31-year-old male with symptoms suggestive of angina pectoris, tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome and multiple episodes of syncope. Multi-slice computed tomography revealed the presence of multiple mediastinal fistulas connecting the aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary veins and azygos system.
Combining Haar Wavelet and Karhunen-Loeve Transform for Robust and Imperceptible Data Hiding Using Digital Images
Authors: Sharma Akankasha , Singh Amit Kumar , Kumar Pardeep 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper, we present an introduction of digital image watermarking followed by important characteristics and potential applications of digital watermarks. Further, recent state-of-the-art watermarking techniques as reported by noted authors are discussed in brief. It includes the performance comparison of reported transform/spatial domain based watermarking techniques presented in tabular form. This comprehensive survey will be significant for researchers who will be able to implement more efficient watermarking techniques. Moreover, we present a robust watermarking technique using fusion of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Karhunen-Loeve transform for digital images. Further, visual quality of the watermarked image is enhanced by using different image de-noising techniques. The results are obtained by varying the gain factor, size of the image watermark, different DWT sub-bands, and image processing attacks. Experimental results demonstrate that the method is imperceptible and robust for different image processing attacks.
The V-te-miro conditional imperative and other imperative forms: Grammaticalization of lexemes in constructions
Authors: Mori Hideki 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Imperatives are sometimes interpreted as conditionals. Such conditional imperatives can be observed in both English and Japanese. The imperative form may induce the conditional meaning in English, but the discussion of the imperative form of a verb does not provide us with a full understanding of Japanese conditional imperatives. The present paper argues that the imperative form of the string V-te-miru induces the conditional interpretation. It is also argued that the imperative form of a single verb or the V1-te-V2 construction itself plays no crucial role in the inducement of that meaning. The V-te-miro conditional imperative (i.e. the imperative form of V-te-miru with the conditional interpretation) displays different behavior from other regular imperative forms. It co-occurs with negative polarity items, self-uncontrollable predicates, and the subject other than the second person, etc., whereas other imperative forms do not. The idea that a particular verbal form of V-te-miru (e.g. the imperative) induces a specific interpretation (e.g. the conditional) implies that different forms of V-te-miru give rise to different meanings. In fact, the hypothetical form of V-te-miru develops the meaning of viewpoint, while the reanalyzed imperative form of V-te-miru induces the exclamatory interpretation. These findings afford a profound insight into the constructional view in grammaticalization theory.
Transitivity in Japanese sentence production: Speech errors of the dative NI and the accusative O
Authors: Iwasaki Noriko 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This study examines native Japanese speakers’ speech errors of the case particles, the dative ni and the accusative o, occurring in object NPs of two-place predicates. The speech error data demonstrate that the semantic basis of ni and o errors in native Japanese speakers’ utterances is closely related to transitivity (as discussed by Hopper and Thompson 1980). Japanese speakers tend to use the accusative o for the object NPs (even when the dative ni is required by the verb) if the meanings of the events and actions that the speakers wish to talk about are relatively high in transitivity and ni if the events are relatively low in transitivity and if they involve some kind of directionality. The findings suggest that Japanese speakers utilize dynamic online semantic mapping when selecting case particles in speech and that such mapping may facilitate online sentence production when the verb selection (the retrieval of the target verb) is not finalized.
Hypothesis testing in generative grammar: Evaluation of predicted schematic asymmetries
Authors: Hoji Hajime 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper explores how the hypothetico-deductive method can be applied to research concerned with the properties of the language faculty. The paper first discusses how we can try to identify informant judgments that are likely a reflection of properties of the Computational System (or properties of the language faculty that are directly related to the Computational System), proposes a method of hypothesis testing in line with the hypothetico-deductive method, and provides an illustration by examining the predictions made under the lexical hypothesis that otagai in Japanese is a local anaphor.
The physical attribute construction in Japanese and the cognate object construction in English
Authors: Hatakeyama Yuji , Honda Kensuke , Tanaka Kosuke 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
This paper deals with the physical attribute construction (PAC) in Japanese such as Cameron Diaz-wa kireina me-o siteiru ‘Cameron Diaz has beautiful eyes’. This paper points out that the PAC shares some properties with the cognate object construction (COC) in English such as The tree grew a century's growth within only ten years. The properties include: (i) the obligatory presence of the modifier, (ii) the semantic focus on the modifier, (iii) the inability to be passivized and (iv) the inability to be operator-moved. Based upon these properties, this paper reaches the conclusion that the English COC involving unaccusative verbs is the counterpart of the Japanese PAC. Furthermore some principled accounts are given to those properties.
From a manner adverb to a discourse particle: The case of yahari, yappari and yappa
Authors: Shinzato Rumiko 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Numerous studies have been done in various theoretical frameworks on the Japanese adverb yahari, but very few considered its morphophonologcal variants, yappari, and yappa as objects of serious investigation both synchronically and diachronically. Through the analyses of corpora, this study delineates semantic and functional changes of these variants. Yahari was first attested as a clause-internal manner adverb, meaning ‘being still’, then developed a sentential modal adverbial usage, ‘as expected, after all, at any rate’. Yappari was also a manner adverbial first, and through a sentential modal, it also developed discourse particle functions. Yappa was attested much later for more subjective and pragmatic functions. The developmental order of these three as yahari > yappari > yappa has bearing on issues in grammaticalization. First, the paper argues that the yahari case lends support to Traugott’s (1995) proposal that the adverbial cline, “Clause-internal Adverbial > Sentence Adverbial > Discourse Particle” should be added to the inventory of grammaticalization because of its similar developmental path. Second, this study also shows that the yahari case is an instantiation of intersubjectification (Traugott 2003). Third, it demonstrates that the yahari case counters the generally held parameter of “syntactic scope decrease” (Givon 1971, Lehmann 1995 [1982]), and instead exhibits “syntactic scope increase”.
An investigation into the interaction between intentionality and the use of transitive/ intransitive expression: A contrastive study of Japanese and Marathi
Authors: Pardeshi Prashant , Yoshinari Yuko 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The phenomenon of cross-linguistic variation in the linguistic encoding of accidental events has attracted attention of linguists (Alfonso 1971; DeLancey 1985; Hinds 1986, among others) as well as psychologists (Fausey, Long, Inamori & Boroditsky 2010; Fausey & Boroditsky 2011). Accidental events rank lower than intentional events on the continuum of transitivity proposed by Hopper and Thompson (1980). Pardeshi (2002), and Pardeshi and Horie (2005) demonstrate that in Marathi (an Indo-Aryan language spoken in India) accidental events are typically encoded using intransitive verbs in sharp contrast to Japanese. They claim that Japanese is far more liberal than Marathi in terms of permitting transitive encoding of accidental events. For Japanese, Teramura (1982), Ikegami (1982), and Nishimura (1997), among others have also pointed out that Japanese allows transitive encoding of accidental events. With a view to empirically test whether Japanese and Marathi indeed differ in terms of describing an accidental event as claimed by the previous studies, we conducted a pilot study using a non-linguistic stimulus (a video clip depicting an accidental and intentional event) and elicited linguistic responses. The results of our pilot study support the claims made in previous studies that: (i) Japanese allows transitive rendering of accidental events and (ii) transitive encoding of accidental events in Marathi is more restricted than in Japanese.
On expressions of agent de-topicalized intentional events: A contrastive study between Japanese and Russian
Authors: Soejima Kensaku 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
In this paper differences in the depiction of the same event are described, setting forth the hypothesis that naturality of language or any language-likeness is due to differences in the construal of the objective world. As a case study, this paper considers how we express intentional events involving an agent that is unspecified or not important. To answer this question, data were collected from the same scene of a parallel corpus translated from Japanese to Russian (and vice versa). I then quantified the differences between the languages in the distribution of the constructions used, i.e., passive, indefinite-personal or active, intransitive, V-te aru construction or transitive, perfective or imperfective; and then determined what expressions are favored in each of the two languages. The data were then analyzed in detail to determine why these differences occur. The study yielded the following results.
I. In expressing a process, in Japanese, a passive construction is used, whereas in Russian, a passive indefinite-personal sentence is often used. In addition, in Russian, an active construction is sometimes used.
II. In expressing the results, in Japanese, an intransitive sentence tends to be used more often. In Russian, various expressions are used, including passive and intransitive sentences.
III. The difference between Japanese and Russian lies in the different ways of construal, that is, whether or not a speaker seizes and depicts events subjectively from the vantage point of the patient.
Relative tense in relative clauses
Authors: Ogihara Toshiyuki 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Japanese adnominal modifiers with no overt tense markings can produce “simultaneous readings” under matrix predicates in the past tense. This article argues for the position that these adnominal phrases are not necessarily tenseless and that they can be gapped relative clauses that contain a phonetically empty present tense morpheme. The findings of this article reinforce the view presented in Ogihara (1996) and others that Japanese tense morphemes (both present and past) are instances of relative tense in the sense of Comrie (1985) and that this behavior is visible in both verb complements and adnominal modifier positions. In addition, the contention of this article indirectly refutes an alternative position, which claims the Japanese adnominal modifiers in question are tenseless phrases and do not involve gapped relative clauses (Kusumoto, 1999). I also offer a tentative and informal account of the semantic properties of the Japanese adnominal modifiers in question at the end of the article, which involve covert attitudes on the part of a salient individual who may or may not be mentioned in the sentence.
Association between genital mycoplasmas, acute chorioamnionitis and fetal pneumonia in spontaneous abortions
Authors: Latino Maria Agnese , Botta Giovanni , Badino Claudia , Maria Daniela De , Petrozziello Annalisa , Sensini Alessandra , Leli Christian 
Published: June 2017

Abstract

Aim:

Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Mycoplasma hominis are also known as genital mycoplasmas. Acute chorioamnionitis is an inflammation of the placenta associated with miscarriage. We retrospectively evaluated a possible association between genital mycoplasmas detection, acute chorioamnionitis and fetal pneumonia from second and third trimester spontaneous abortions.

Methods:
One hundred and thirty placenta and fetal lung samples were evaluated for histological examination. The placenta samples, along with corresponding fetal tracheo-bronchial aspirates, also underwent bacterial and fungal culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay for the detection of genital mycoplasmas.

Results:
Acute chorioamnionitis and pneumonia were diagnosed in 80/130 (61.5%) and 22/130 (16.9%) samples, respectively. Among samples positive for acute chorioamnionitis, the proportion of samples positive by real-time PCR and/or culture, was significantly higher than that of negative controls [54/80 (67.5%) vs. 26/80 (32.5%); P<0.001]. Ureaplasma parvum detection was significantly associated with acute chorioamnionitis compared to controls [9/11 (81.8%) vs. 2/11 (18.2%); P=0.019], as well as U. urealyticum [6/7 (85.7%) vs. 1/7 (14.3%); P=0.039]. Among tracheo-bronchial aspirates from abortions with pneumonia, the proportion of real-time PCR and/or culture positive samples was significantly higher than that of controls [13/22 (59.1%) vs. 9/22 (40.9%); P=0.029].

Conclusions:
A strong association was found between acute histologic chorioamnionitis and microbial invasion with U. parvum and/or U. urealyticum.
On non-dynamic eventive verbs in Spanish
Authors: Fábregas Antonio , Marín Rafael 
Published: June 2017

AbstractOne of the longstanding problems in linguistic analysis is to identify, describe, and analyze the lexical aspect classes allowed in natural language. Recent developments on this issue have raised two interrelated questions: how many event classes there are and how they are derived from a minimum of primitives. In this article, we identify a class of predicates denoting the maintenance of a situation through which 13 tests can be shown to display mixed properties between states and activities, challenging the existing taxonomies of aspectual classes. We furthermore argue that the existence of this class is expected by any theory that treats aspectual classes as epiphenomena of the combination of a restricted set of primitives, and propose an analysis where they contain a central coincidence preposition selected by an eventive layer.