bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vectorization and Intracellular Distribution of a Two‐Photon‐Absorbing, Near‐Infrared‐Emitting π‐Extended Boranil Dye
Authors: Frath Denis , Didier Pascal , Mély Yves , Massue Julien , Ulrich Gilles 
Published: January 2017

AbstractA π‐extended boranil (PEB) dye has been synthesized and its photophysical properties have been recorded in a range of solvents. The dye exhibits an intense solvatochromic fluorescence emission covering the entire visible spectrum and the near infra‐red (NIR) region (from λ=534 to 764 nm) with quantum yields up to 69 %. Embedment of the PEB dye in the amphiphilic block copolymer Cremophor EL® leads to a strong emission (λem=617 nm, Φ=0.33) in PBS buffer. Moreover, two‐photon absorption (TPA) spectroscopy evidenced a large two‐photon (2P) cross section (420 GM), enabling the use of the PEB dye in 2P‐excitation fluorescence microscopy. The cellular uptake and distribution of PEB in HeLa cells was monitored using fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and real‐time widefield imaging. It was found that the emission of the dye is strongly influenced by the local environment and that the dye is preferentially internalized in acidic vesicles.
Generation and correlation of orthogonal complementary pairs of sequences of lengths 2N10M26P based on an improved multilevel complementary sequences approach
Authors: Hadad M. N. , Donato P. G. , Funes M. A. , Carrica D. O. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryBinary complementary pairs of sequences of lengths 2N10M26P posses some interesting properties for their application in signal detection in noisy channels. Nonetheless, they have not been broadly used because of their greater processing requirements as compared with binary complementary sequences with L = 2N. The present work introduces a new approach for generation and correlation of binary complementary pairs of sequences of length 2N10M26P that reduces the number of required operations. The proposed algorithm allows not only to optimize the number of arithmetic operations but also to correlate two orthogonal complementary pairs simultaneously with the use of a single architecture. Due to the fact that multilevel complementary sequences algorithms are used to generate and correlate binary complementary sequences of length 2N10M26P, the aforementioned algorithms are also improved. The proposal is theoretically proved and its arithmetic efficiency is assessed by comparing the number of operations with that of previously published architectures. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis and improvement of cross‐regulation effect in the primary side‐regulated multi‐output flyback converter
Authors: Guo Xifeng , Luan Fangjun , Liu Jian , Liu Meiju 
Published: January 2017

SummaryIn the multi‐output primary side‐regulated (PSR) flyback converters, cross‐regulation effect denotes the phenomenon that change of load current in either one of the outputs would lead to the output voltage variations in other output terminals. Because the PSR flyback converters are frequently used to provide power supplies in a power system, the steady operation of the power system may be affected. Based on an improved Cantilever model, this paper proposes a thorough analysis on the cross‐regulation effect in the PSR flyback converter. It has been found that the coupling between the output windings and the topology of the output terminal would have significant influence on the cross‐regulation effect. Moreover, a mathematical expression has been derived to calculate the relationship, in the time domain, between the voltages of the output windings in the PSR flyback converter. In the mathematical expression, the leakage inductances in the improved cantilever model are lumped into a matrix R′. Hence, the winding method and the geometry of the transformer can be optimized to improve the precision of the multi‐output voltages in the PSR flyback converter. A 10‐W PSR flyback prototype with three output terminals is built. Experimental results are given to validate the theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a new statewide eating disorder service: The role of evidence in a real world setting
Authors: Wade Tracey , Vall Eva , Kuek Angeline , Altman Emma , Long Randall , Mannion John 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveThere are three aims of this report. First, to describe how research evidence informed a service development rationale for a new statewide eating disorder service (SEDS) for people aged 15 years and older. Second, to examine the profile of people accessing SEDS in the first 2 years of its operation with respect to the three broad dimensions: illness stage, illness severity, and previous history of treatment. Finally, to examine which patient characteristics resulted in the recommendation of ongoing treatment contact with SEDS.MethodOver a 2‐year period (July 2014 to July 2016) 292 people were referred to the service, 171 (59%) who consented to have their data used in research.ResultsHalf of the referrals related to anorexia nervosa (AN; 51.2%), with the remainder split between bulimia nervosa (25.3%) and other specified feeding and eating disorders (23.5%); 65.9% had previously received treatment for an eating disorder. The initial information about the service was typically provided by the general practitioner/primary care physician. Compared with any other eating disorder diagnosis, people with AN were three times more likely to be recommended to retain treatment contact with SEDS.DiscussionService development informed by research evidence, clinical expertise, and consideration of patients’ characteristics, values, and circumstances, allows for a flexible but accountable development strategy.
Combined effects of landscape composition and heterogeneity on farmland avian diversity
Authors: Santana Joana , Reino Luís , Stoate Chris , Moreira Francisco , Ribeiro Paulo F. , Santos José L. , Rotenberry John T. , Beja Pedro 
Published: January 2017

AbstractConserving biodiversity on farmland is an essential element of worldwide efforts for reversing the global biodiversity decline. Common approaches involve improving the natural component of the landscape by increasing the amount of natural and seminatural habitats (e.g., hedgerows, woodlots, and ponds) or improving the production component of the landscape by increasing the amount of biodiversity‐friendly crops. Because these approaches may negatively impact on economic output, it was suggested that an alternative might be to enhance the diversity (compositional heterogeneity) or the spatial complexity (configurational heterogeneity) of land cover types, without necessarily changing composition. Here, we develop a case study to evaluate these ideas, examining whether managing landscape composition or heterogeneity, or both, would be required to achieve conservation benefits on avian diversity in open Mediterranean farmland. We surveyed birds in farmland landscapes of southern Portugal, before (1995–1997) and after (2010–2012) the European Union's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) reform of 2003, and related spatial and temporal variation in bird species richness to variables describing the composition, and the compositional and configurational heterogeneity, of the natural and production components of the landscape. We found that the composition of the production component had the strongest effects on avian diversity, with a particularly marked effect on the richness of farmland and steppe bird species. Composition of the natural component was also influential, mainly affecting the richness of woodland/shrubland species. Although there were some effects of compositional and configurational heterogeneity, these were much weaker and inconsistent than those of landscape composition. Overall, we suggest that conservation efforts in our area should focus primarily on the composition of the production component, by striving to maximize the prevalence of biodiversity‐friendly crops. This recommendation probably applies to other areas such as ours, where a range of species of conservation concern is strongly associated with crop habitats.
Contrasting effects of plant inter‐ and intraspecific variation on community trait responses to restoration of a sandy grassland ecosystem
Authors: Zuo Xiaoan , Yue Xiyuan , Lv Peng , Yu Qiang , Chen Min , Zhang Jing , Luo Yongqing , Wang Shaokun , Zhang Jing 
Published: January 2017

AbstractChanges in plant community traits along an environmental gradient are caused by interspecific and intraspecific trait variation. However, little is known about the role of interspecific and intraspecific trait variation in plant community responses to the restoration of a sandy grassland ecosystem. We measured five functional traits of 34 species along a restoration gradient of sandy grassland (mobile dune, semi‐fixed dune, fixed dune, and grassland) in Horqin Sand Land, northern China. We examined how community‐level traits varied with habitat changes and soil gradients using both abundance‐weighted and non‐weighted averages of trait values. We quantified the relative contribution of inter‐ and intraspecific trait variation in specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC), leaf carbon content (LCC), leaf nitrogen content (LNC), and plant height to the community response to habitat changes in the restoration of sandy grassland. We found that five weighted community‐average traits varied significantly with habitat changes. Along the soil gradient in the restoration of sandy grassland, plant height, SLA, LDMC, and LCC increased, while LNC decreased. For all traits, there was a greater contribution of interspecific variation to community response in regard to habitat changes relative to that of intraspecific variation. The relative contribution of the interspecific variation effect of an abundance‐weighted trait was greater than that of a non‐weighted trait with regard to all traits except LDMC. A community‐level trait response to habitat changes was due largely to species turnover. Though the intraspecific shift plays a small role in community trait response to habitat changes, it has an effect on plant coexistence and the maintenance of herbaceous plants in sandy grassland habitats. The context dependency of positive and negative covariation between inter‐ and intraspecific variation further suggests that both effects of inter‐ and intraspecific variation on a community trait should be considered when understanding a plant community response to environmental changes in sandy grassland ecosystems.
Timing of nest vegetation measurement may obscure adaptive significance of nest‐site characteristics: A simulation study
Authors: McConnell Mark D. , Monroe Adrian P. , Burger Loren Wes , Martin James A. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractAdvances in understanding avian nesting ecology are hindered by a prevalent lack of agreement between nest‐site characteristics and fitness metrics such as nest success. We posit this is a result of inconsistent and improper timing of nest‐site vegetation measurements. Therefore, we evaluated how the timing of nest vegetation measurement influences the estimated effects of vegetation structure on nest survival. We simulated phenological changes in nest‐site vegetation growth over a typical nesting season and modeled how the timing of measuring that vegetation, relative to nest fate, creates bias in conclusions regarding its influence on nest survival. We modeled the bias associated with four methods of measuring nest‐site vegetation: Method 1—measuring at nest initiation, Method 2—measuring at nest termination regardless of fate, Method 3—measuring at nest termination for successful nests and at estimated completion for unsuccessful nests, and Method 4—measuring at nest termination regardless of fate while also accounting for initiation date. We quantified and compared bias for each method for varying simulated effects, ranked models for each method using AIC, and calculated the proportion of simulations in which each model (measurement method) was selected as the best model. Our results indicate that the risk of drawing an erroneous or spurious conclusion was present in all methods but greater with Method 2 which is the most common method reported in the literature. Methods 1 and 3 were similarly less biased. Method 4 provided no additional value as bias was similar to Method 2 for all scenarios. While Method 1 is seldom practical to collect in the field, Method 3 is logistically practical and minimizes inherent bias. Implementation of Method 3 will facilitate estimating the effect of nest‐site vegetation on survival, in the least biased way, and allow reliable conclusions to be drawn.
The long‐term legacy of geomorphic and riparian vegetation feedbacks on the dammed Bill Williams River, Arizona, USA
Authors: Kui Li , Stella John C. , Shafroth Patrick B. , House P. Kyle , Wilcox Andrew C. 
Published: January 2017

AbstractOn alluvial rivers, fluvial landforms and riparian vegetation communities codevelop as a result of feedbacks between plants and abiotic processes. The influence of vegetation on river channel and floodplain geomorphology can be particularly strong on dammed rivers with altered hydrology and reduced flood disturbance. We used a 56‐year series of aerial photos on the dammed Bill Williams River (Arizona, USA) to investigate how (a) different woody riparian vegetation types influence river channel planform and (b) how different fluvial landforms drive the composition of riparian plant communities over time. We mapped vegetation types and geomorphic surfaces and quantified how relations between fluvial and biotic processes covaried over time using linear mixed models. In the decades after the dam was built, woody plant cover within the river's bottomland nearly doubled, narrowing the active channel by 60% and transforming its planform from wide and braided to a single thread and more sinuous channel. Compared with native cottonwood–willow vegetation, nonnative tamarisk locally induced a twofold greater reduction in channel braiding. Vegetation expanded at different rates depending on the type of landform, with tamarisk cover on former high‐flow channels increasing 17% faster than cottonwood–willow. Former low‐flow channels with frequent inundation supported a greater increase in cottonwood–willow relative to tamarisk. These findings give insight into how feedbacks between abiotic and biotic processes in river channels accelerate and fortify changes triggered by dam construction, creating river systems increasingly distinct from predam ecological communities and landforms, and progressively more resistant to restoration of predam forms and processes.
Solar Air Heating and Ventilation in Buildings: A Key Component in the Forthcoming Renewable Energy Mix
Authors: Ciriminna Rosaria , Meneguzzo Francesco , Pecoraino Mario , Pagliaro Mario 
Published: January 2017

AbstractThe achievements of the last two decades in using solar energy for naturally ventilating and heating buildings of any size and scope across the world are remarkable, though comprising a niche market and being generally poorly known to this point. Air quality, thermal and hygrometric comfort, and reduced energy costs are some of the benefits provided by solar ventilated spaces. We identify the remaining hurdles to be addressed prior to forthcoming widespread adoption of this technology in the building environment across the world, well beyond the cold‐climate countries.
Effects of cadmium, manganese, and lead on locomotor activity and neurexin 2a expression in zebrafish
Authors: Tu Hongwei , Fan Chengji , Chen Xiaohui , Liu Jiaxian , Wang Bin , Huang Zhibin , Zhang Yiyue , Meng Xiaojing , Zou Fei 
Published: January 2017

Abstract

The synaptic adhesion protein Neurexin 2a (Nrxn2a) plays a key role in neuronal development and is associated with cognitive functioning and locomotor behavior. Although low-level metal exposure poses a potential risk to the human nervous system, especially during the developmental stages, little is known about the effects of metal exposures on nrxn2a expression during embryonic development. We therefore exposed wild-type zebrafish embryos/larvae to cadmium (CdCl2), manganese (MnCl2), and lead ([CH3COO]2Pb), to determine their effect on mortality, malformation, and hatching rate. Concentrations of these metals in zebrafish were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis. Locomotor activity of zebrafish larvae was analyzed using a video-track tracking system. Expression of nrxn2a was assessed by in situ hybridization and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The results showed that mortality, malformation, and bioaccumulation increased as the exposure dosages and duration increased. Developmental exposure to these metals significantly reduced larval swim distance and velocity. The nrxn2aa and nrxn2ab genes were expressed in the central nervous system and downregulated by almost all of the 3 metals, especially Pb. These data demonstrate that exposure to metals downregulates nrxn2a in the zebrafish model system, and this is likely linked to concurrent developmental processes. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2147–2154. © 2017 SETAC
Dynamic downlink resource allocation and access strategy for femtocell networks
Authors: Jiang Zhefeng , Mao Shiwen , Wang Xin 
Published: January 2017

AbstractFemtocells are small, low‐power cellular base stations with high potential for coverage extension and offloading voice and wireless data. In this paper, we study the problem of joint access control and spectrum resource allocation in a 2‐tier femtocell network with 1 macro base station and multiple Femto access points (FAPs). The objective is to maximize the overall network capacity, while guaranteeing the quality of service requirement of all user equipments. We develop an access scheme for macro user equipments and a spectrum allocation mechanism for the FAPs. Spectrum allocation is used as an incentive mechanism to encourage FAPs to serve more macro user equipments. We also derive an upper bound of the network‐wide capacity through a reformulation of the problem. The proposed algorithms are validated, and the upper bound is shown to be quite accurate in the simulation study.
Ventral hippocampal neurons inhibit postprandial energy intake
Authors: Hannapel Reilly C. , Henderson Yoko H. , Nalloor Rebecca , Vazdarjanova Almira , Parent Marise B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACTEvidence suggests that the memory of a recently ingested meal limits subsequent intake. Given that ventral hippocampal (vHC) neurons are involved in memory and energy intake, the present experiment tested the hypothesis that vHC neurons contribute to the formation of a memory of a meal and inhibit energy intake during the postprandial period. We tested (1) whether pharmacological inactivation of vHC neurons during the period following a sucrose meal, when the memory of the meal would be undergoing consolidation, accelerates the onset of the next sucrose meal and increases intake and (2) whether sucrose intake increases vHC expression of the synaptic plasticity marker activity‐regulated cytoskeletal‐associated protein (Arc). Adult male Sprague‐Dawley rats were trained to consume a 32% sucrose solution daily at the same time and location. On the experimental day, the rats were given intra‐vHC infusions of the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol or vehicle after they finished their first sucrose meal. Compared to vehicle infusions, postmeal intra‐vHC muscimol infusions decreased the latency to the next sucrose meal, increased the amount of sucrose consumed during that meal, increased the total number of sucrose meals and the total amount of sucrose ingested. In addition, rats that consumed sucrose had higher levels of Arc expression in both vHC CA1 and CA3 subfields than cage control rats. Collectively, these findings are the first to show that vHC neurons inhibit energy intake during the postprandial period and support the hypothesis that vHC neurons form a memory of a meal and inhibit subsequent intake. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A phase I, randomized, proof‐of‐clinical‐mechanism study assessing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the oral PDE9A inhibitor BI 409306 in healthy male volunteers
Authors: Boland Katja , Moschetti Viktoria , Dansirikul Chantaratsamon , Pichereau Solen , Gheyle Lien , Runge Frank , Zimdahl‐Gelling Heike , Sand Michael 
Published: January 2017

AbstractObjectiveCyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)‐specific phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are hypothesized to improve cognition in schizophrenia and Alzheimer disease by increasing cGMP levels in certain brain regions. This phase I, randomized, parallel‐group, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study provides proof‐of‐mechanism evidence for BI 409306, a novel, oral PDE9A inhibitor.MethodsIn healthy males, exposure of BI 409306 (25‐, 50‐, 100‐, and 200‐mg single dose) and placebo was assessed in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Effect of BI 409306 on CSF cGMP levels was evaluated, and adverse events (AEs) were monitored.ResultsIn all enrolled subjects (N = 20), plasma BI 409306 concentration increased rapidly (median tmax: 0.75–1.25 hr) followed by rapid increases in CSF (median tmax: 1.5–2.0 hr). Maximum CSF cGMP concentrations were achieved within 2 to 5 hr, declining to baseline levels 10 to 14 hr after dosing. Dose‐dependent increases in plasma and CSF exposure and CSF cGMP were shown. BI 409306 was safe and well tolerated. Most AEs were mild to moderate in intensity and study procedure–related.ConclusionsBI 409306 increased rapidly in plasma and was subsequently detected in CSF, resulting in dose‐dependent increases in cGMP levels in CSF. Results indicate BI 409306 efficiently crosses the blood‐CSF barrier, with an acceptable level of AEs.
Cervical cancer incidence after screening with HPV, cytology, and visual methods: 18‐Year follow‐up of the Guanacaste cohort
Authors: Rodríguez Ana Cecilia , Ávila Carlos , Herrero Rolando , Hildesheim Allan , Sherman Mark E. , Burk Robert D. , Morales Jorge , Alfaro Mario , Guillén Diego , Trejos María Ethel , Vargas Rosa María , Torres Guillermo , Schiffman Mark 
Published: January 2017

Testing negative for human papillomavirus (HPV) predicts long‐term reassurance against invasive cervical cancer (ICC). To provide realistic estimates of effectiveness for new screening programs, we studied ICC risk after a 7‐year repeated multimethod screening effort. In 1993–1994, 10,049 women aged 18–97 years were enrolled into a population‐based cohort study of cervical HPV in Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Women were screened at different intervals according to enrollment results. Each visit (mean 3.2, 90% attendance) included split‐sample conventional, automated, and liquid‐based cytology, visual inspection, cervicography, and PCR‐based HPV testing. Abnormal screening led to colposcopy and excisional treatment as appropriate during the study. Referral to colposcopy for HPV in the absence of other findings was introduced only at the last visit. Population‐based Costa Rica Cancer Registry linkage identified cohort women diagnosed with ICC in the 18 years following cohort enrollment. The ICC cumulative risk was 0.4% (n = 38); 18 were diagnosed with ICC after study participation. Of these, 9 were missed at the screening step (negative screening or below the referral threshold, refused screening or colposcopy), 5 attended colposcopy but were not diagnosed as CIN2+, and 4 were treated for CIN2/3 but progressed to ICC nonetheless. Decreasing age‐standardized ICC rates for the 1993–2011 period were observed in Guanacaste; cohort women showed additional 31% ICC incidence reduction with apparent downstaging of cancers that occurred. ICC risk following negative HPV testing in the optimal age range 30–50 years was extremely low. Real‐life screening effectiveness following introduction is lower than the potential near‐complete efficacy predicted by HPV natural history.