bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prophetic Nomadism: An Art School Sustainability‐Oriented Educational Aim?
Authors: Gunn Vicky 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis discursive article proposes that the learning and teaching regimes provided within art school are uniquely placed within higher education to foster nomads. It suggests, however, that nomadism is not enough. Rather it emphasises that to reconcile art and design education with sustainability, such nomadism needs both to be prophetic and collaboratively based. Prophetic nomads are defined here as mobile, social influencers able to change perspectives through calling forward uncomfortable awakenings. They achieve this by creatively reframing what is at stake if we continue to act and be as we are. The presentation will explore the similarities between key concepts in the literacy of sustainability and the elements of prophetic nomadism. It will challenge us to reconsider these in the light of their potential generation through three ingredients of learning within art and design: reason, aesthetics and making. It will finish by declaring that as educators we should have the courage to more formally craft our pedagogies to call forth (evoke) and push‐out (provoke) sustainability‐oriented creativity through these domains.
International Students and Ambiguous Pedagogies within the UK Art School
Authors: Davey Annie 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article will consider the tensions and opportunities provoked by the presence of a growing number of international students at UK art schools in which ambiguity operates as an implicit value within fine art pedagogies. Challenging assumptions of lack or deficit this article will ask how responding to this changing student body might require thinking beyond the horizon of normative claims and attitudes of the art school toward a situation in which it is constituted through the divergent perspectives, and pays attention to the previous educational experiences, of its students. I suggest that this requires the art school to address with greater commitment its pedagogical dimension in order to live up to its ‘promise’ as a heterotopic space.
Reflections on the Evolving Triad Tutorial in a Postgraduate Art Studio
Authors: Tripp Sarah 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article traces the evolution of the ‘triad tutorial’. The triad model, predominantly used in the training of counsellors and psychotherapists, was originally combined with the art school tutorial model in the context of the Edinburgh Sculpture Workshop to enhance critical discourse between studio holders. The resulting hybrid, the ‘triad tutorial’, was then adapted with postgraduate students on a Master's Fine Art course at a Scottish art school. Drawing on questionnaires from a small pilot study with students, the triad tutorial is described as an evolving model that has enhanced critical discourse between students, increased student confidence and introduced students to a new reciprocal structure of critique. Links are drawn between critical self‐reflection, reciprocity and the sustainability of artistic practice. The development of the triad tutorial is described frankly, using the autobiographic timeline of the author to present the model as evolving by trial and error and born of contingency rather than design.
Opening a Path with Papers: Yanomami Health Agents and Their Use of Medical Documents
Authors: Gonçalves Martín Johanna 
Published: October 2016

ResumenEn este artículo se explora el uso y la producción de documentos por parte de trabajadores Yanomami de salud, en el Alto Orinoco en Venezuela. Recientemente ha aumentado el número de Yanomami que han aprendido a leer, escribir y contar, y que hacen uso de diferentes documentos. El caso de los trabajadores Yanomami de salud es ilustrativo, puesto que las actividades de salud suponen la producción constante de documentos sobre pacientes y sus enfermedades. Para los médicos, documentos como los registros epidemiológicos son útiles en la producción de conocimiento colectivo sobre la salud y enfermedad, o para sistemas burocráticos de administración. Sin embargo, para los Yanomami los documentos médicos son objetos relacionales, que abren conexiones con el mundo de los otros, y también importantes tecnologías que les permiten ser y hacer como los médicos. Los Yanomami se refieren frecuentemente a su participación en el sistema de salud como ‘estar andando el camino de la salud’. Los documentos médicos son una importante herramienta que les permite transitar estos caminos.
Sociometric Status and Peer Control Attempts: A Multiple Status Hierarchies Approach
Authors: de Klepper Maurits C. , (Joe) Labianca Giuseppe , Sleebos Ed , Agneessens Filip 
Published: October 2016

AbstractWe study a population of first year midshipmen within an elite military academy to explore the relationship between individuals’ sociometric status (e.g., status conferrals based on positive interpersonal affect and perceived competence, and status degradations based on negative interpersonal affect) and their attempts to directly control their peers’ behaviour over a year's time. Results show that multiple informal sociometric status hierarchies develop early in the organization's life and remain remarkably stable. Control attempts are driven by these status hierarchies: Lower competence status individuals and those who attract negative status degradations are targeted for control by more people early in the group's life, those relatively free of negative status degradations attempt to control greater numbers of others throughout the group's existence, while higher positive status is generally unrelated to control attempts. However, control attempts do not lead to higher future sociometric status, suggesting they are not status signals. Findings also show that individuals targeted for control by many others leave the organization entirely.
Palliative medicines for children – a new frontier in paediatric research
Authors: Jamieson Liz , Wong Ian C K , Craig Finella , Christiansen Nanna , Brombley Karen , Tuleu Catherine , Harrop Emily 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Objectives
This paper seeks to highlight from a UK perspective the current lack of a research evidence base in paediatric palliative care that has resulted in a paucity of available medicines with appropriate formulations (strength and dosage form) to provide symptom management for children with life-limiting illnesses and to raise awareness of this group of ‘therapeutic orphans’. Currently, clinicians have limited, often unsuitable medication choices for their paediatric palliative care patients, with little hope of moving away from the status quo.

Key Findings
Most medicines used in children receiving palliative care are old and off-patent drugs, developed for and tested in an adult population. Many are not available in suitable formulations (dosage form and strength) for administration to children, and there are often no age-related profiles of adverse drug reactions or for safe dosing.

Summary
Existing regional paediatric palliative care networks and support organisations should lobby funding bodies and the academic community to support appropriate research for this group of therapeutic orphans. Support must also be provided to pharmaceutical companies in the development of suitable products with appropriate formulations.
Effectiveness of continuous glucose monitoring in children, adolescents, and young adults with poorly controlled type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lewis Kevin R. , McCrone Susan , Deiriggi Pamela , Bendre Sachin 
Published: October 2016

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) on glycemic control in children, adolescents, and young adults ages 7–21 years with poorly controlled diabetes HbA1c 9.0% or more (74 mmol/mol IFCC).Materials and MethodsThe primary outcome was improvement in HbA1c. The secondary outcome included self‐reported hypoglycemia. This 12‐week study used a prospective, one‐group, pre‐ and posttest pre‐experimental design with a convenience sample. The study used the Medtronic Guardian CGM with Enlite Sensor.Results and ConclusionsThirty‐three subjects enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was 15.57 years, range was 11–20 years, 47.6% were male, and 52.4% were female. Twenty‐one (63.6%) completed the final study visit. There was a clinically and statistically significant reduction of 1.46 (SD = 1.6711) (p = .001) in HbA1c at 12 weeks. Fifteen of the 21 participants (71.4%) had an HbA1c reduction of greater than 0.5%. The CGM monitor was worn a mean of 4.262 days a week. None of the subjects reported significant hypoglycemia while wearing the monitor. CGM was effective in improving glycemic control in this population with poorly controlled diabetes.
Modelling maintenance of wakefulness in rats: comparing potential non‐invasive sleep‐restriction methods and their effects on sleep and attentional performance
Authors: Mccarthy Andrew , Loomis Sally , Eastwood Brian , Wafford Keith A. , Winsky‐Sommerer Raphaëlle , Gilmour Gary 
Published: October 2016

SummaryWhile several methods have been used to restrict the sleep of experimental animals, it is often unclear whether these different forms of sleep restriction have comparable effects on sleep–wake architecture or functional capacity. The present study compared four models of sleep restriction, using enforced wakefulness by rotation of cylindrical home cages over 11 h in male Wistar rats. These included an electroencephalographic‐driven ‘Biofeedback’ method and three non‐invasive methods where rotation was triggered according to a ‘Constant’, ‘Decreasing’ or random protocol based upon the ‘Weibull’ distribution fit to an archival Biofeedback dataset. Sleep–wake architecture was determined using polysomnography, and functional capacity was assessed immediately post‐restriction with a simple response latency task, as a potential homologue of the human psychomotor vigilance task. All sleep restriction protocols resulted in sleep loss, behavioural task disengagement and rebound sleep, although no model was as effective as real‐time electroencephalographic‐Biofeedback. Decreasing and Weibull protocols produced greater recovery sleep than the Constant protocol, mirrored by comparably poorer simple response latency task performance. Increases in urinary corticosterone levels following Constant and Decreasing protocols suggested that stress levels may differ between protocols. Overall, these results provide insight into the value of choosing a specific sleep restriction protocol, not only from the perspective of animal welfare and the use of less invasive procedures, but also translational validity. A more considered choice of the physiological and functional effects of sleep‐restriction protocols in rodents may improve correspondence with specific types of excessive daytime sleepiness in humans.
Enhancing institutional dynamics for multiple uses of water amidst climate‐related risks: The case of Lake Buhi, Philippines
Authors: Elazegui Dulce D. , Rola Agnes C. , Allis Erica 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis study examined the current governance system for Lake Buhi, Philippines. It describes stakeholder patterns of decision‐making, their roles in the decision‐making process based on their legal mandates, the manner of interactions, the sources of conflict and how these various issues are currently resolved. Stakeholders represent diverse interests, including irrigation, hydropower generation, fishery management and navigation. This study uses data generated from ten key informant interviews of the different stakeholders, information from five round table discussions, and secondary data and reports of various agencies. The results indicate that Lake Buhi and its watershed present classic man‐in‐nature governance challenges. The interplay of internal and external uncertainties regarding multiple uses results in a complex system that is difficult to effectively manage. Climate‐related hazards aggravate the pressures from activities within the lake watershed, complicating water allocation issues. The institutional arrangements that have emerged to address these challenges, however, appear to be fraught with overlaps, fragmentation and a lack of communication. It is thought these deficiencies could be addressed by establishing a lake basin council with representation from all the involved organizations, as well as any stakeholder groups not represented by organizations. The system of governance over the lake must address issues concerning water uses and access to the resource. The capacity of the organizations to participate in such an arrangement is weak, however, and capacity building is needed. The availability and sharing of data and information among stakeholders are also weak and must be strengthened if the work of the lake basin council is to be based on the best available information.
Clathrin localization and dynamics in Aspergillus nidulans
Authors: Schultzhaus Z. , Johnson T. B. , Shaw B. D. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryCell growth necessitates extensive membrane remodeling events including vesicle fusion or fission, processes that are regulated by coat proteins. The hyphal cells of filamentous fungi concentrate both exocytosis and endocytosis at the apex. This investigation focuses on clathrin in Aspergillus nidulans, with the aim of understanding its role in membrane remodeling in growing hyphae. We examined clathrin heavy chain (ClaH‐GFP) which localized to three distinct subcellular structures: late Golgi (trans‐Golgi equivalents of filamentous fungi), which are concentrated just behind the hyphal tip but are intermittently present throughout all hyphal cells; the region of concentrated endocytosis just behind the hyphal apex (the “endocytic collar”); and small, rapidly moving puncta that were seen trafficking long distances in nearly all hyphal compartments. ClaH localized to distinct domains on late Golgi, and these clathrin “hubs” dispersed in synchrony after the late Golgi marker PHOSBP. Although clathrin was essential for growth, ClaH did not colocalize well with the endocytic patch marker fimbrin. Tests of FM4‐64 internalization and repression of ClaH corroborated the observation that clathrin does not play an important role in endocytosis in A. nidulans. A minor portion of ClaH puncta exhibited bidirectional movement, likely along microtubules, but were generally distinct from early endosomes.
TNF‐α‐induced IL‐6 and MMP‐9 expression in immortalized ameloblastoma cell line established by hTERT
Authors: Ohta K , Naruse T , Ishida Y , Shigeishi H , Nakagawa T , Fukui A , Nishi H , Sasaki K , Ogawa I , Takechi M 
Published: October 2016

ObjectiveAmeloblastoma (AM) shows locally invasive behaviour. However, biological investigations regarding regulation of gene expression associated with AM pathological features are difficult to perform, because AM cells can be passaged for a few generations due to senescence. We report a newly established immortalized AM cell line, AMB cells, by transfection with human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). Furthermore, we examined whether TNF‐α modulates bone resorption‐related genes, IL‐6 and MMP‐9 in cooperation with TGF‐β or IFN‐γ.Materials and methodsFollowing transfection of an hTERT expression vector into AM cells using a non‐viral method, the effects of cytokines on the expressions of IL‐6 and MMP‐9 mRNA were examined using real‐time PCR. TNF‐α‐induced NF‐κB activity was examined by western blotting and transcription factor assays.ResultsAMB cells continued to grow for more than 100 population doublings. Stimulation with TNF‐α increased IL‐6 and MMP‐9 mRNA expressions, as well as NF‐κB activation. Furthermore, TGF‐β and IFN‐γ dramatically increased TNF‐α‐mediated expressions of MMP‐9 and IL‐6 mRNA, respectively, while those responses were suppressed by NF‐κB inhibitor.ConclusionWe established an immortalized AM cell line by hTERT transfection. TNF‐α‐mediated regulation of MMP‐9 and IL‐6 via NF‐κB may play an important role in the pathological behaviour of AMs, such as bone resorption.
Adherence to Analgesics in Oncology Outpatients: Focus on Taking Analgesics on Time
Authors: Oldenmenger Wendy H. , Sillevis Smitt Peter A. E. , de Raaf Pleun J. , van der Rijt Carin C. D. 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundInadequate adherence to prescribed analgesics may be one of the reasons why patients with cancer experience unrelieved pain. Adherence is directly influenced by patients' barriers about pain management. Patient pain education programs (PEPs) have been developed to reduce patients' barriers and increase patients' adherence to their analgesics. The purpose of this article was to evaluate patients' adherence in patients receiving a pain consult and patient pain education in comparison with patients receiving standard pain treatment (standard care [SC]), to better explore the difficulties in medication adherence in cancer‐related pain and the effects of PEP.MethodsIn 54 adult outpatients with cancer‐related pain, patients' adherence to the prescribed around‐the‐clock analgesics was measured with a Medication Event Monitoring System, in the following time intervals: weeks 1 and 2, weeks 3 and 4, and weeks 7 and 8 after randomization. Adherence was differentiated into taking adherence, taking the correct dose, and taking analgesics at the right time intervals.ResultsTaking adherence increased in the intervention group compared to baseline (from 91% to 93%) and decreased in the SC group (from 85% to 78%; P < 0.05). At the end of the study, more patients in the intervention group took their analgesics at the right intervals (78%) than did patients in the SC group (64%, P < 0.05). During the study, patients were more adherent to opioids than to World Health Organization step 1 analgesics.ConclusionThe combined intervention can increase adherence. The true problem in pain management is that patients do not take their prescribed analgesics at the right time intervals. With the detailed adherence information from this study, it is possible to further tailor patient education to the individual patient.
Central Pain Processing in Patients with Shoulder Pain: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Noten Suzie , Struyf Filip , Lluch Enrique , D'Hoore Marika , Van Looveren Eveline , Meeus Mira 
Published: October 2016

AbstractBackgroundShoulder pain is a common health problem in which changes in shoulder structure cannot always explain the patient's perceived pain. Central sensitization (CS) might play a role in a subgroup of these patients.MethodsThe literature was systematically reviewed to address the role of CS in patients with shoulder pain. Electronic databases PubMed and Web of Knowledge were searched for relevant studies.ResultsEighteen full‐text articles were included, methodological quality was scored, and information was extracted. Studies were clustered on those studying patients with musculoskeletal (MSK) shoulder pain and those studying patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP). In particular, quantitative sensory testing revealed hyperalgesia for pressure pain in the MSK group, whereas these results were inconsistent in patients with HSP. Conditioned pain modulation was reduced in patients with MSK shoulder pain, but functioned normally in the HSP group.ConclusionThis review has shown that great progress has been made toward a better understanding of neurophysiologic pain mechanisms in patients with shoulder pain. The presence of generalized mechanical hyperalgesia, allodynia, and impaired conditioned pain modulation in patients with MSK shoulder pain indicates the involvement of the central nervous system. Widespread somatosensory abnormalities observed in patients with HSP could suggest a central origin for their shoulder pain and predispose patients with HSP to develop CS, although results are inconsistent. Additional research is required adopting different assessment methods (especially dynamic methods) to establish the role of CS in patients with shoulder pain.
Carbon dioxide and water transport through plant aquaporins
Authors: Groszmann Michael , Osborn Hannah L , Evans John R 
Published: October 2016

AbstractAquaporins are channel proteins that function to increase the permeability of biological membranes. In plants, aquaporins are encoded by multigene families that have undergone substantial diversification in land plants. The plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) subfamily of aquaporins is of particular interest given their potential to improve plant water relations and photosynthesis. Flowering plants have between 7 and 28 PIP genes. Their expression varies with tissue and cell type, through development and in response to a variety of factors, contributing to the dynamic and tissue specific control of permeability. There are a growing number of PIPs shown to act as water channels, but those altering membrane permeability to CO2 are more limited. The structural basis for selective substrate specificities has not yet been resolved, although a few key amino acid positions have been identified. Several regions important for dimerization, gating and trafficking are also known. PIP aquaporins assemble as tetramers and their properties depend on the monomeric composition. PIPs control water flux into and out of veins and stomatal guard cells and also increase membrane permeability to CO2 in mesophyll and stomatal guard cells. The latter increases the effectiveness of Rubisco and can potentially influence transpiration efficiency.
Protective role of IL‐22 against Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen‐induced granuloma in Vitro
Authors: Nady S. , Shata M. T. M. , Mohey M. A. , El‐Shorbagy A. 
Published: October 2016

SummaryThe role of T helper‐17 (Th17) lymphocytes in the regulation of Schistosoma mansoni soluble egg antigen (SEA)‐induced granuloma is unknown. This study examined the effect of Th17 cytokines (IL‐17 and IL‐22) on granulocyte recruitment and functions during SEA‐induced granuloma formation in vitro in Schistosoma‐infected and noninfected individuals. Granulocytes were isolated from 27 Schistosoma‐infected patients and 13 controls and were used for granuloma induction using SEA‐conjugated polyacrylamide beads in the presence of Th17 cytokines. Granuloma index was assessed, and granulocyte mediators such as tumour necrosis factor (TNF‐α), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) were measured in the culture supernatant at the 7th day using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Schistosoma‐infected patients had significant larger SEA‐induced granuloma than controls. IL‐17 (125 pg/mL) induced the optimum size for granuloma within 3‐7 days. However, IL‐22 at different concentrations up to 300 pg/mL had no effect on granuloma formation. Using both cytokines simultaneously, IL‐22 suppressed the effect of IL‐17 and prevented granuloma formation. IL‐17 significantly decreased TNF‐α, H2O2 and NO levels in Schistosoma‐infected individuals. In contrast, IL‐22 increased TNF‐α and H2O2 levels. In conclusion, IL‐17 accelerates SEA‐induced granuloma formation and inhibits granulocytes functions in Schistosoma‐infected patients, while IL‐22 inhibited the granuloma formation, but enhanced granulocyte functions.