bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Meaning and the Specification of Motion in Music
Authors: Clarke Eric 
Published: November 2015

The relationship between music and motion has attracted interest over a broad sweep of history and across a variety of disciplines including aesthetics, psychology, music theory and neuroscience, and the relationship itself has been regarded variously as metaphorical, semiotic, and physiological. This paper argues that the relationship between music and motion: 1) is a fundamental aspect of music's impact and meaning; 2) is significantly, but not only, concerned with self-motion (as argued by Todd); 3) should be regarded as a truly perceptual relationship – even though the motion that is perceived may be illusory (in the sense of being virtual rather than real). The aim of the paper is to clarify the nature and status of the relationship between music and motion, rejecting both the physiological reductionism of regarding it as “hardwired” and the potentially dismissive view of it as merely metaphorical. In place of these, the paper will argue for motion as being perceptually specified by the acoustical information in music. The theory proposed here has specific empirical implications – most obviously an investigation of the various kinds of information in music that specify motion, and a consideration of whether these function in anything like the same manner as for real motion. It also has implications for theories of musical meaning, since it allows for the integration of the sense of (self-) motion with the other kinds of events (physical, structural, cultural) as they are specified in music.
Effects of Non-Musical Attributes and Excerpt Duration on Ratings of High-Level Piano Performances
Authors: Wapnick Joel , Campbell Louise , Siddell-Strebel Jeanne , Darrow Alice-Ann 
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine if judgments of expert piano performances would be affected by excerpt duration, non-musical attributes of performer attractiveness, dress, and stage behavior, and by an interaction between duration and these attributes. Given that non-musical attributes would be evident from the beginning of a performance but that information about performance quality would accrue with time spent listening, it was hypothesized that non-musical attribute biases would weaken with increasing excerpt length. Thirty-three undergraduate and graduate music majors rated performers on non-musical attributes by observing performers with the sound turned off. One hundred fourteen participants rated 15 performances on 6 test items, either under an audio-only condition or under an audiovisual condition. Excerpts were 25, 55, and 115 seconds. Results showing that high-attractive women held an advantage over low-attractive women for 25-second excerpts but not for longer ones confirmed the hypothesis that the importance of attractiveness declines with increased musical exposure. This hypothesis was less strongly supported for ratings of male performers, for whom differences in dress appeared to be of greater import. It was also found that there was significantly greater agreement between test items within excerpt durations than across them. Ratings were higher at 55 seconds and 115 seconds than they were at 25 seconds, although reliability declined slightly as excerpts became longer. Finally, performances judged under the audiovisual condition were rated significantly higher than performances judged under the audio-only condition.
ESCOM as the life work of Irène Deliège: Irène Deliège in conversation with Jukka Louhivuori
Authors: Louhivuori Jukka , Deliege Irene 
Published: November 2015

ESCOM has established itself as an influential actor in the field of cognitive sciences of music. The journal, Musicae Scientiae, including its special issues, discussions forums, the ESCOM conferences and smaller symposia, have all contributed significantly to the field. Although many people have contributed to ESCOM's activities in important ways, the society is very much the life work of Irène Deliège. She is the founding editor of Musicæ Scientiæ and the founding Permanent Secretary of ESCOM. The aim of publishing the following interview is to ensure that interesting and important details about ESCOM's background will be on record for future use. The conversation took place in Brussels in June 2009. It began with biographical memories of her Irène's childhood, her studies, and other important events in her life. The main focus of the discussion was the history of when and why the society was established, who was involved in this process and what role ESCOM has played in the various sub-disciplines involved with the study of music. This article is no memorial, nor merely an expression of gratitude for nearly two decades of dedicated effort but reflects the important need for any society to draw on the wisdom those people who have the greatest knowledge of, experience in and history with that society. Irène Deliège is certainly one of those people. She continues her active work in the society as a member of the executive committee.
Intra- and Inter-observer Reliability of the Distal Metatarsal Articular Angle in Adult Hallux Valgus
Authors: Chi Thomas D. , Davitt James , Younger Alastair , Holt Sarah , Sangeorzan Bruce J. 
Published: November 2015

There is some uncertainty as to whether the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) is a real entity or just radiographic artifact and whether it can be reliably measured. If it is intrinsic to the bone, it should not change with bone position. If it is clinically useful, it should be reproducible. Pre-operative and post-operative radiographs of 32 patients undergoing a proximal bony procedure of the first ray were evaluated independently by three foot and ankle specialists in order to determine the intra and inter-observer reliability of the distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA). In addition, the hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA) and joint congruency/subluxation were determined. We used ANOVA (Scheffe's F-test) to determine reliability of the angular measurements; a p value of less than 0.05 indicates poor reliability and a p value of greater than 0.05 indicates reliability. Intra-observer reliability was good for all angular measurements (HVA, IMA, DMAA pre-op, and DMAA postop) with p values ranging from 0.33 to 0.95. Inter-observer reliability of the HVA and IMA was good (p = 0.63 and p = 0.32). Inter-observer reliability of the pre-op DMAA approached statistically poor reliability (p = 0.09) and the post-op DMAA reliability was poor (p = 0.002). The DMAA reduced after the proximal procedure as measured by all observers, and averaged a reduction of 3.9°. Weighted kappa analysis also revealed that there was poor agreement in the determination of congruency and subluxation (Kappa statistic ranged from 0.07 to 0.19). This study suggests that there may be limited value in the DMAA as a clinical measure as it varies with examiner and with the hallux valgus angle.
Continuous Lateral Sciatic Blocks for Acute Postoperative Pain Management after Major Ankle and Foot Surgery
Authors: Chelly Jacques E. , Greger Jennifer , Casati Andrea , Al-Samsam Tameem , McGarvey William , Clanton Thomas 
Published: November 2015

We developed a continuous lateral sciatic nerve infusion technique for postoperative analgesia. Methods: A 10-cm insulated Tuohy needle connected to a nerve stimulator was introduced posteriorly between the biceps femoris and vastus lateralis groove 10 cm cephalad from the tip of the patella. After proper positioning of the insulated needle, a 20-gauge catheter was placed in proximity to the sciatic nerve. Results: Continuous lateral sciatic infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine was associated with a significant reduction of morphine consumption by 29% and 62% during postoperative days one and two, respectively, in patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation of the ankle. Conclusion: Continuous lateral sciatic infusion of 0.2% ropivacaine represents an alternative for acute postoperative pain control after major ankle and foot surgery.
Severe Lisfrancs Injuries: Primary Arthrodesis or ORIF?
Authors: Mulier Thomas , Reynders Piet , Dereymaeker Greta , Broos Paul 
Published: November 2015

Twenty-eight patients, with severe, acute Lisfranc dislocations, requiring operative intervention, were treated between 1989 and 1992 in a level one Trauma Center. Different treatment protocols were used by the two senior staff surgeons. This allowed ORIF to be compared to complete arthrodesis and partial arthrodesis. Twelve patients were treated with primary arthrodesis after open reduction of the dislocation. Partial (5) or complete arthrodesis (6) (depending on the type of fracture) was performed in these 12 patients. Sixteen patients were treated with open reduction and temporary fixation with stabilization and compression screw fixation (ORIF group). The subgroups were identical in age (mean 30.5 years), follow-up (30.1 months), type of fracture, type of injury and time to intervention. Anatomical reduction was achieved in eight of the 12 patients in the arthrodesis groups and in 12 of the 16 patients in the ORIF group. The Baltimore Painful foot Score (PFS) was higher in the ORIF group then in the complete arthrodesis group meaning the ORIF group had less pain. No difference in the PFS was found between the ORIF group and the partial arthrodesis group. Subsequent revision surgery was necessary in two cases in the arthrodesis groups and two cases in the ORIF group. Stiffness of the forefoot, loss of metatarsal arch, and sympathetic dystrophy occurred more frequently in the complete arthrodesis group. Open reduction and internal fixation with screws or partial arthrodesis is the treatment of choice in severe tarsometatarsal fracture dislocations. Primary complete arthrodesis should be reserved as a salvage procedure.
Foot and Ankle Experience in Orthopaedic Residency
Authors: Pinzur Michael S. , Mikolyzk David , Aronow Michael S. , DiGiovanni Benedict F. , Mizel Mark S. , Pinney Stephen J. , Saltzman Charles L. , Temple H. Thomas 
Published: November 2015

Background: Dedicated orthopaedic residency training in the musculoskeletal discipline of foot and ankle is an important contribution to the development of a well-rounded orthopaedic surgeon. Current residency training guidelines are vague and do not require specific experience or proficiency in this discipline. Methods: A one-page questionnaire on commitment to foot and ankle education in American Orthopaedic Surgery residency training programs was completed by all 148 program directors. Results: Eighty of the programs (54.1%) had a single faculty member dedicated to foot and ankle orthopaedics, while 21 (14.2%) did not have a faculty member with a specific interest or commitment to problems related to the foot and ankle. Fifteen programs (10.1%) did not have a committed faculty member, nor did their residents have a clinical rotation dedicated to foot and ankle. Ninety-six programs (64.9%) had at least one clinical rotation dedicated to foot and ankle. Fifty-two (35.1%) did not. Thirty-three (34.7%) of those programs with a dedicated foot and ankle experience assigned residents during at least two periods of their training. Of those programs with a single foot-specific rotation, the most common year for training was in the PGY3 year (27 of 63, 42.9%). Of the 60 months' duration of most orthopaedic residency programs, 39 of 96 (40.6%) programs with a dedicated clinical foot and ankle rotation allocated an average of 12 weeks to foot and ankle. Twenty-six (27.1%) allocated less than 3 total months, and 31 (32.3%) allocated 16 to 24 weeks of dedicated foot and ankle experience. Conclusions: Current residency training in the United States does not universally require a commitment to foot and ankle education. A large number of residency programs do not have a faculty member committed to foot and ankle education, and almost one-third have no time specifically allocated to foot and ankle education.
Tracheobronchial foreign bodies in cats: a retrospective study of 12 cases
Authors: Leal Rodolfo Oliveira , Bongrand Yannick , Lepoutre Julie Gallay , Gomes Eymeric , Hernandez Juan 
Published: November 2015

Objectives The aim of the study was to evaluate age, sex, breed, clinical signs, time between onset of signs and presentation, diagnostic procedures, method of extraction, location and nature of foreign bodies (FBs) in confirmed cases of tracheobronchial FBs in cats. We hypothesised that bronchoscopy was effective in extracting tracheobronchial FBs in cats. Methods A retrospective study was performed using clinical reports from three private practices in France between May 2009 and November 2014. Cats were included if an intraluminal tracheobronchial FB had been identified and extracted (either by bronchoscopy or surgery). Results Twelve cats (six male, six female) were included. Mean age was 3.75 ± 2.5 years. Coughing was the main complaint and was present in 9/12 (75%) of the cats. Thoracic radiographs were obtained in 12/12 cats (100%) and a FB was suspected in 11/12 (92%). Bronchoscopy was performed in all of the cats and enabled FB extraction in 10/12 (83%) of them. In 2/12 cats (17%), an additional surgical approach was required. In 6/12 (50%) cats, FBs were located in the trachea, while in 6/12 (50%) cats FBs were in the bronchial tree, particularly in the right caudal bronchus (4/6; 66%). Seven of 12 (58%) FBs were vegetal in nature, 3/12 (25%) were mineral and 2/12 (17%) were undetermined. All the mineral FBs were extracted from the trachea, while the majority of the vegetal ones (5/7; 71%) were found in the bronchi. Conclusions and relevance Feline respiratory FBs can be found in the trachea and in the bronchial tree, particularly in the right caudal bronchus. Vegetal FBs tend to migrate through the bronchial tree, whereas mineral ones tend to lodge in the trachea. Bronchoscopy seems to be a highly effective procedure for the extraction of tracheobronchial FBs in cats.
Tourism and Peripherality: Perspectives from Asia and the South Pacific
Authors: Pearce Douglas G. 
Published: November 2015

This paper argues that effective policy-making for peripheral regions requires a greater understanding of the nature and structure of the linkages between cores and peripheries. First, the literature is reviewed and two distinctive approaches to tourism and peripherality are outlined, the attributes-based and the structural. The attributes-based approach focuses on the conditions and characteristics of the regions themselves, in this context on their attributes as tourist destinations. The structural approach emphasises the functional relationships between focal peripheral regions and other areas, especially cores. This latter approach is then developed with reference to the examples of Sarawak and Samoa. Core-periphery relationships are examined there at a range of spatial scales with regard to marketing and distribution channels, air transport and planning. Finally, some policy implications are presented and some parallels with the Nordic situation are offered.
The Photometric Properties of Some Luminescent Materials
Authors: Harper W. E. , Robinson Margaret B. , Bowtell J. N. 
Published: November 2015

Photometric data of some luminescent paints and lacquers are given which enable these materials to be treated as items of illuminating engineering equipment. Factors which affect the brightness of a luminescent material are shown to include the type of material, its weight per unit area, the nature of the backing surface, the type and intensity of the exciting radiation and the temperature of the material. The effect of these factors is described and the general effect of deterioration in luminescence with life investigated. The phenomenon of phosphorescence has also been investigated for certain materials. A method is given by which luminescent effects may be calculated from a knowledge of visual data of a similar installation.
The Design and Performance of Industrial Lighting
Authors: Allpress Hugh S. 
Published: November 2015

The paper is divided into two parts. PART I deals with the design of lighting equipment and ancillary apparatus from the points of view of maintenance, safety, performance and simplicity of manufacture. The author's statements are based upon the checking of large numbers of artificial lighting installations during recent years. It is held that the experience gained during the war period, when little change occurred in industrial lighting equipment, should influence designers in developments for the future. Special reference is made to questions of earthing, electrical and mechanical safety and to the temperatures attained in lighting fittings, which latter it is claimed are frequently too hot for service with normal cables. Effects of corrosion and the specification of the quality of vitreous enamel are discussed. Suggestions are made for the extension of Standard specifications to ensure inter-changeability in preference to the present tendency to limit their scope to performance requirements—including references to lampholders, low voltage lighting equipment and local lighting reflectors. Photometrical evidence is offered in a novel form of diagram of the similarity in the light distributions from vitreous enamelled reflectors of different shapes with recommendations for a standardised design in place of the present alleged unnecessary multiplicity of patterns. The electrical tracking effects of dust and the problem of dustproof lighting fittings are discussed. Particulars of a range of special totally-enclosed reflectors developed for war factories are given. PART II draws attention to certain aspects of present-day practice in the design of industrial lighting layouts and suggests a greater degree of earlier co-operation between the factory owner and the illuminating engineer, with a fuller definition of the responsibilities of the latter. Some special installations are discussed and comments made on the existing codes of illumination practice and the effects of decorations. Special reference is made to lighting of hot-working areas in steel works, and the author's contention that reasonable illumination does not interfere with normal working conditions is upheld by certain quantitative experiments. The experiments described also indicate that incandescent metal tends to reflect a greater proportion of incident light with increases in temperature and under certain circumstances may actually appear hotter under augmented illumination. This is the reverse to opinions frequently stated. Comments on experience in connection with maintenance are given with recommendations for an ordered scheme for carrying out such work. In conclusion the author draws attention to Government recognition of the meritorious contribution of the Lighting Industry to the war effort and the official measures introduced to assist improvements to artificial lighting. He hopes that many of such welfare measures, found possible in war, may be continued in peace.
Hot Cathode Tubular Fluorescent Lamp Circuit Analysis
Authors: Wood E. 
Published: November 2015

It occurred to the author, some time ago, that a study of the fluorescent lamp circuit, coupled with a description of some practical tests, would be useful to people dealing with this new form of lighting. It had been apparent, and was forcibly brought out when work on the paper was proceeding, that a knowledge of A.C. theory was essential if one is to be able to understand thoroughly the fluorescent lamp circuit. But once having grasped such A.C. theory, leading to the better understanding of the circuit, it follows that the reasons for the inclusion of the component parts of the circuit such as choke and capacitor, etc., are made plainer. The paper therefore describes the circuit and the lamp, as an introduction, and this information has largely been obtained from the various technical articles which have been published from time to time. The tests described are such as can be undertaken by anyone with the necessary instruments. The vector diagrams have been constructed from the results of the tests, and it has been assumed that the alternating quantities were sinusoidal. Although this assumption is not strictly correct it was considered that approximate vector diagrams so constructed would serve to illustrate the results satisfactorily. The conclusions drawn, it is hoped, will help lighting and installation engineers and others to a better understanding of this new type of lighting and the criticisms offered will, it is hoped, be taken in the right spirit.
An Empirical Formula for the Computation of the Indirect Component of Daylight Factor
Authors: Hopkinson R. G. , Longmore J. , Petherbridge P. 
Published: November 2015

An empirical formula for the computation of daylight factor has been developed from formulae proposed by Pleijel, Dresler and Arndt. The formula, like those from which it was derived, assumes that light is inter-reflected in rooms in accordance with the theory of the integrating sphere. Light entering a room through a window is considered in two parts, (a) that received directly from the sky or by reflection from obstructions above the horizon, and (b) light received by reflection from the ground. In determining the first reflected flux in the room, the sky and obstruction flux referred to under (a) above is modified by the average reflection factor of the floor and certain lower parts of the walls. The ground flux referred to under (b) above is modified by the average reflection factor of the ceiling and by certain upper parts of the walls. These two components of first reflected flux are then added and the theory of the integrating sphere applied. This formula lends itself easily to simple forms of calculation such as a nomogram or slide-rule type of calculator. It is shown to give results approximating closely to measured values. It is therefore put forward as a tool for use by architects and lighting engineers for the calculation of daylight factor where great precision is not required.
Polarised Headlight Filters
Authors: Jehu V. J. 
Published: November 2015

One way of reducing the glare from headlamps is to use a polarised headlight system. In this paper the relative merits, for this purpose, of commercially available filters are discussed. A second paper will discuss the widely differing proposals that have been put forward in America and in Germany for the use of polarised headlights, and gives the results of tests made with an alternative system. If an object which is neither very light nor very dark is to appear as bright in polarised light, when seen through the visor, as it normally appears in unpolarised light, about five times as much light is needed. When the transmission and extinction coefficients of the polarising material are known, it is possible to compare the performance of a polarised headlight system with that of systems using ordinary light, in terms of the seeing distances of a standard object. A high intensity polarised beam can only be used if the beam is almost completely polarised. At lower beam intensities less stringent demands are made on the polariser. The extinction of oncoming polarised lights by the visor depends upon the accuracy of its setting, and may also be influenced by the properties of the windscreen. For a particular polariser the light leakage was increased on the average 150 times for a toughened-glass windscreen and four times for a laminated-glass screen. It is evident that existing types of toughened-glass windscreen could not be used with polarised headlights, unless the visor were mounted outside the windscreen