bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure protects leg lean tissue mass and extensor strength and endurance during bed rest
Authors: Schneider Suzanne M. , Lee Stuart M. C. , Feiveson Alan H. , Watenpaugh Donald E. , Macias Brandon R. , Hargens Alan R. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractLeg muscle mass and strength are decreased during reduced activity and non‐weight‐bearing conditions such as bed rest (BR) and spaceflight. Supine treadmill exercise within lower body negative pressure (LBNPEX) provides full‐body weight loading during BR and may prevent muscle deconditioning. We hypothesized that a 40‐min interval exercise protocol performed against LBNPEX 6 days week−1 would attenuate losses in leg lean mass (LLM), strength, and endurance during 6° head‐down tilt BR, with similar benefits for men and women. Fifteen pairs of healthy monozygous twins (8 male and 7 female pairs) completed 30 days of BR with one sibling of each twin pair assigned randomly as the non‐exercise control (CON) and the other twin as the exercise subject (EX). Before and after BR, LLM and isokinetic leg strength and endurance were measured. Mean knee and ankle extensor and flexor strength and endurance and LLM decreased from pre‐ to post‐BR in the male CON subjects (P < 0.01), but knee extensor strength and endurance, ankle extensor strength, and LLM were maintained in the male EX subjects. In contrast, no pre‐ to post‐BR changes were significant in the female subjects, either CON or EX, likely due to their lower pre‐BR values. Importantly, the LBNPEX countermeasure prevents or attenuates declines in LLM as well as extensor leg strength and endurance. Individuals who are stronger, have higher levels of muscular endurance, and/or have greater LLM are likely to experience greater losses during BR than those who are less fit.
Oblique-viewing endoscope calibration in the diagnostics and treatment in the pelvis minor area
Authors: Holak Krzysztof , Kohut Piotr , Stangel-Wojcikiewicz Klaudia , Kabzińska-Turek Monika , Florczak Joanna , Petko Maciej 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common condition, especially in women, and affects the quality of life in a physical, social, and economic meaning. Despite improvements in surgical techniques and the implementation of minimally invasive procedures, male and female stress UI still affects their well-being. Treatment limitations have encouraged researchers to investigate new approaches, including those of tissue engineering. The injection of autologous mesenchymal-derived stem cells (AMDC) might rebuild the urethra sphincter function and minimize leakage symptoms. The treatment is carried out with a rigid endoscope. The aim of this study is to present a practical calibration procedure for an oblique-viewing endoscope imaging system. This article presents the results of an examination of the variability of the internal camera’s parameters with the angle of rotation of the endoscope’s cylinder. The research proves that the most variable parameters are the coordinates of the image plane’s principal point. The developed model of variability can be implemented as a simple look-up table in a real-time operating device. In this article, a tool is proposed for the computation of the relative angle of cylinder’s rotation based only on images. All developed methods can be implemented in a robot-assisted system for an AMDC urethra sphincter injection procedure.
A steatite icon of a female saint recently found in Acre
Authors: Noga-Banai Galit , Stern Eliezer 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
A fragment of a relief icon, made of steatite plaque, depicting a female saint,was recently found in Acre (Akko) in northern Israel. The plaque has lost the head of the saint, but enough is left of the figure to discern that the pose of the female saint is typically Byzantine. Moreover, the drapery shows stylistic affinities with Komnenian art. The plaque is the first steatite icon found in Palestine and could have arrived in Acre from abroad. The archeological context suggests that it might have been venerated in Acre anytime between the Crusader and the Ottoman periods.
Experimental and Simulation Investigation of Tri-Sector Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna in composite forms for Wireless Applications
Authors: Ranjan Pinku , Gangwar Ravi Kumar 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn this article, a tri-sector cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna (t-CDRA) has been introduced by splitting CDRA into three uniform sectors and all three uniform sectors are packed together in a compact way on a metallic ground plane. A coaxial probe feed is used to excite the proposed composite t-CDRA at the center position. Multi-segmentation approach has been applied for further improvement in bandwidth of proposed t-CDRA. The proposed composite t-CDRA has been designed using HFSS simulation software and analyzed using theoretical analysis. The prototype of t-CDRA, three elements t-CDRA and three elements dual segment t-CDRA has been fabricated for measurement. The input characteristics, near field, far field distribution of the proposed t-CDRAs have been studied through HFSS simulation software and their results are compared with corresponding experimental results. Proposed segmented t-CDRA has wide impedance bandwidth (|S
A Quasi-Elliptic Bandpass Filter-Integrated Single-Pole Double-Throw Switch
Authors: Ji Yu-Xue , Xu Jin , Li Zhao-Zhao , Wang Huan , Huang Jin-Jie 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
This paper proposes a quasi-elliptic bandpass filter-integrated single-pole double-throw (SPDT) switch. The series-parallel configuration of p-i-n diodes embedded into the impedance matching circuit is proposed to combine two quasi-elliptic response bandpass filters to constitute the proposed SPDT switch. To validate our design approach, a proposed quasi-elliptic bandpass filter-integrated SPDT switch is designed and fabricated with a central frequency of 1.25 GHz and a 3 dB fractional bandwidth of 16 %. Low insertion loss in the on state and good isolation in the off state are achieved. The switch size including bias circuits but excluding feeding lines is 0.447λg×0.134λg.
Kinetics of Transesterification of Safflower Oil to Obtain Biodiesel Using Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Galván Muciño Gabriel E. , Romero Rubi , Ramírez Armando , Ramos María Jesús , Baeza-Jiménez Ramiro , Natividad Reyna 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
The kinetics of the transesterification of safflower oil and methanol catalyzed by K2O/NaX was studied and modeled. The influence of the oil-methanol initial molar ratio and amount of catalyst were investigated to achieve a maximum triglycerides conversion (99 %) and a final methyl esters content of 94 % ±1. A kinetic model based on an Eley–Rideal mechanism was found to best fit the experimental data when assuming methanol adsorption as determining step. Other models derived from Langmuir – Hinshelwood – Hougen –Watson (LHHW) mechanisms were rejected based on statistical analysis, mechanistic considerations and physicochemical interpretation of the estimated parameters.
Using Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA) to Ensure Safety in the Preparation Process for Parenteral Nutrition Bags in Hospital Pharmacy
Authors: Le Pêcheur Véronique , Spiesser-Robelet Laurence , Vrignaud Sandy 
Published: August 2016

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to use the Preliminary Risk Analysis (PRA) method to assess the criticality of the different stages in the process of preparing parenteral nutrition bags for use in neonatal resuscitation and, if necessary, improve the handling of the process itself.: A functional analysis of the preparation process was carried out, and three main phases were identified: Phase 1 – Fielding the request; Phase 2 – Production; Phase 3 – Checks. Risks were mapped under 5 category headings (legal, environmental, physical, human and managerial). After the evaluation criteria had been identified, scenario descriptions were drawn up for each dangerous situation in order to ascertain the criticality level (C1–C3, C1 being the least critical) of the different risks and to seek out risk mitigation measures.: The PRA method identified 63 dangerous situations, 77.7 % of which had a very high level of vulnerability. The highest number of such situations was in the production phase. Seventy one scenarios were drawn up (19 for phase 1, 40 for phase 2 and 16 for phase 3, as the same scenario may occur in more than one phase). The study enabled a reduction in system criticalities: initially there were 6 C1 scenarios, 44 C2’s and 21 C3’s and following the study there were 45 C1’s, 26 C2’s and 0 C3 scenarios. The most significant initial risks were linked to environmental, managerial and human factors whilst the most significant residual risks were environmental or legal in nature.: PRA is a viable assessment method in the health sector and has enabled the establishment of new measures seeking to minimise risk levels in the preparation process of parenteral nutrition bags.
Qualität der Schulverpflegung in Deutschland
Authors: Arens-Azevedo Ulrike 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
2014 wurde im Auftrag des BMEL eine bundesweite Erhebung zur Schulverpflegung durchgeführt mit dem Ziel, die Qualität des Verpflegungsangebots einschließlich der Rahmenbedingungen zu bewerten. Grundlage der Ergebnisse sind 212 Schulträger, die 5.018 Schulen repräsentieren, 1.553 Schulleitungen sowie ein externer Datensatz aus Bayern, 12.566 Fragebögen von Schülern der Klassenstufen 3–13 sowie die Analyse von Speisenplänen auf der Basis des DGE-Qualitätsstandards für die Schulverpflegung. Insgesamt befindet sich Deutschland auf einem guten Weg, allerdings mit viel Verbesserungsbedarf.
Vegane Ernährung – gesundheitliche Vorteile und Risiken
Authors: Richter Margrit , Breidenassel Christina 
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung:
Eine pflanzenbasierte Ernährung ist meist mit einer höheren Zufuhr verschiedener Vitamine, Mineralstoffe, Ballaststoffe sowie sekundärer Pflanzenstoffe verbunden sowie mit einer verminderten Zufuhr von gesättigten Fettsäuren und Cholesterol. Allerdings ist die Versorgung mit einigen Nährstoffen, insbesondere Vitamin B12, bei einer rein veganen Ernährung kritisch. Für eine evidenzbasierte Bewertung möglicher gesundheitlicher Vorteile und Risiken einer veganen Ernährung sind jedoch mehr aussagekräftige Daten notwendig.
Removal of uranium ions from synthetic wastewater using ZnO/Na-clinoptilolite nanocomposites
Authors: Aghadavoud Azadeh , Rezaee Ebrahim Saraee Khadijeh , Shakur Hamid Reza , Sayyari Rasol 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Uranium is one of the heavy metals that is found in industrial wastewater and is very toxic for human and environment. In this work, natural clinoptilolite is used as a low-cost adsorbent for uranium removal from aqueous solutions. The sodium form of clinoptilolite and ZnO/Na-clinoptilolite nanocomposite were prepared. The sample sorption capacities for uranium removal from simulated drinking water in the presence of other anions and cations were investigated. Natural zeolite and its modified forms were characterized by XRD, XRF, FTIR, TEM and BET. Batch experiments were used to determine the best adsorption conditions. The effects of various parameters such as contact time, pH, initial uranium concentration, temperature and mass sorbent on the removal efficiency of uranium ions were studied. The equilibration was attained after 2 and 6 h for the Na-clinoptilolite and ZnO/Na-clinoptilolite nanocomposite, respectively. Both adsorbents showed relatively fast adsorption. Effective removal of uranium was demonstrated at pH values of 4–8 for both forms of zeolite. Temperature had no significant effect on adsorption. The maximum removal efficiency of uranium by the ZnO/Na-clinoptilolite nanocomposite in pH=7.2 and room temperature was 98.55%. Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips models were used for describing the equilibrium isotherms for uranium uptake. The Sips model corresponded well with the experimental data. The thermodynamic parameters, such as ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS°, have been calculated and interpreted. The pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models were applied to describe the kinetic data. The pseudo-second order kinetic model had excellent kinetic data fitting (R2=1).
SIRT1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Wong Siew Ying , Tang Bor Luen 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the aging population worldwide. SIRT1 deacetylation of histones and transcription factors impinge on multiple neuronal and non-neuronal targets, and modulates stress response, energy metabolism and cellular senescence/death pathways. Collectively, SIRT1 activity could potentially affect multiple aspects of hippocampal and cortical neuron function and survival, thus modifying disease onset and progression. In this review, the known and potential mechanisms of action of SIRT1 with regard to AD, and its potential as a therapeutic target, are discussed.
Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) extract specifically suppresses the growth of tumors in H22-bearing Kunming mice
Authors: He Zhenxiang , Jiang Cuihua , Zhang Jian , Yin Zhiqi , Yin Zengfang , Zhu Yunfeng , Fu Jie 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Recently, neem tree (Azadirachta indica) extract (NTE) has been reported to have various antitumor activities against gastric, breast, prostate, and skin cancer, respectively. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of NTE on hepatic cancer in a mouse model. The possible side effects elicited by NTE were also evaluated. The components in NTE were analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS). H22 cells-bearing Kumming mice were generated by injecting H22 cells subcutaneously into the right forelimb armpit of the mice. Then the mice were treated daily for 27 days with NTE (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg body weight) by intragastric administration, using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC, 1%) as blank control and cyclophosphamide (CTX, 20 mg/kg) as positive control. The antitumor effect of NTE was evaluated by assessment of survival rate, body weight, tumor volume and weight, tumor histology, thymus and spleen indexes, and liver histology. The tumor weight and volume in groups of NTE and CTX were significantly lower than those in the CMC group. The survival rate in the NTE group receiving the high dose (600 mg/kg) was significantly higher than that in the CTX and CMC groups. Compared with CTX, NTE was observed to have a tumor-specific cytotoxicity without impairing the normal liver tissue. Additionally, the higher indexes of thymus and spleen indicated that NTE could facilitate the growth of immune organs. The results indicate that NTE is a promising candidate for the antitumor treatment with high efficacy and safety.
Luxación Facetaria Unilateral Lumbosacra Postraumática
Authors: González Murillo Manuel , Zuñiga Gómez Lorenzo , Álvarez González Patricia , Sánchez-Mariscal Felisa , Pizones Arce Javier , Izquierdo Núñez Enrique 
Published: August 2016

<p><strong>RESUMEN</strong></p><p>En la bibliografía se han reportado alrededor de medio centenar de casos de luxaciones lumbosacras; la mayor parte se tratan de luxaciones facetarias bilaterales. Presentamos el caso de una paciente mujer de 42 años con luxación facetaria unilateral lumbosacra de un mes de evolución tras accidente de tráfico. Se realiza artrodesis circunferencial L5-S1 instrumentada con caja intersomática y tornillos pediculares L5-S1.</p><p> </p><p>La luxación lumbosacra es una lesión poco habitual que se produce gracias a la combinación de un mecanismo de alta energía con factores anatómicos predisponentes. Recientes publicaciones defienden la reducción quirúrgica y estabilización con instrumentación como tratamiento estándar.</p><p><strong>Palabras clave</strong></p><p>Luxación; unión lumbosacra; artrodesis</p><p> </p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p>In the literature have been reported around fifty cases of lumbosacral dislocations; treated most bilateral facet dislocations. We report the case of a female 42 year old with unilateral lumbosacral facet dislocation of one month duration after accident. Circumferential instrumented fusion L5-S1 with interbody cage and pedicle screws L5-S1 was performed.</p><p> </p><p>The lumbosacral dislocation is a rare injury that occurs due to the combination of a high-energy mechanism predisposing anatomical factors. Recent publications advocate the surgical reduction and stabilization with instrumentation as standard treatment.</p><p><strong>Key Words</strong></p><p>Dislocation; Lumbosacral junction; Arthrodesis.</p>
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using a Microfluidic Impinging Jet Reactor
Authors: Baber Razwan , Mazzei Luca , Thanh Nguyen T. K. , Gavriilidis Asterios 
Published: August 2016

Abstract
Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (NPs) in an impinging jet reactor (IJR) was investigated due to its unique properties of efficient mixing and lack of channel walls which avoid fouling. Silver NPs were formed at room temperature by reducing silver nitrate with sodium borohydride in the presence of sodium hydroxide. Two types of ligand were used to stabilize the NPs, trisodium citrate, and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Weber number, the ratio between inertial forces and surface tension forces, is used to characterize flow in impinging jets. Flow regimes were investigated forWeber numbers in the range of 13–176. A liquid sheet/chain regime was identified at lowerWeber numbers (<90), and an unstable rim structure was identified at higherWeber numbers (>90). Mixing time was found to be in the range 12–7ms, using theVillermaux-Dushman reaction system and interaction by exchange with the mean mixing (IEM) model. Fastest mixing occurred at Weber number ca. 90. Using trisodium citrate as a ligand, NP size decreased from 7.9 ± 5.8 nm to 3.4 ± 1.4 nm when flow rate was increased from 32 mL/min to 72 mL/min using 0.5 mm jets, and from 6.4 ± 3.4 nm to 5.1 ± 4.6 nm when flow rate was increased from 20 mL/min to 32 mL/min using 0.25 mm jets. Using PVA as a ligand, NP size decreased from 5.4 ± 1.6 nm to 4.2 ± 1.1 nm using 0.5 mm jets and stayed relatively constant between 4.3 ± 1 nm and 4.7 ± 1.3 nm using 0.25 mm jets. In general, the size of the NPs decreased when mixing was faster.
Molecular differentiation of Shigella spp. from enteroinvasive E. coli
Authors: Løbersli I. , Wester A. L. , Kristiansen Å. , Brandal L. T. 
Published: August 2016

A real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, amplifying the genes encoding lactose permease (lacY) and invasion plasmid antigen H (ipaH), was run on 121 isolates phenotypically classified as Shigella spp., enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC), or EIEC O nontypable (ONT). The results were compared with data from a generic E. coli multiple-locus variable-number of tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and a Shigella MLVA.
The real-time PCR verified all Shigella spp. (n = 53) as Shigella (lacY negative) and all EIEC O121 (n = 15) and EIEC O124 (n = 2) as EIEC (lacY positive). However, the real-time PCR typed EIEC O164 as either EIEC (n = 2) or Shigella (n = 2) and, thus, was not suited for classifying this group of isolates. Interestingly, the majority (42/47, 89.4%) of the EIEC ONT were classified as Shigella (lacY negative) by the real-time PCR, and in nearly all cases, (92.9%, 39/42) data from both MLVA assays supported these findings. Overall, in 94.7% (114/121) of the isolates, the results from the real-time PCR were substantiated by the results from the MLVA assays.
In conclusion, the real-time PCR assay was fast and accurate in differentiating Shigella spp. from EIEC, with the exception of the EIEC O164 group. This molecular assay was particularly pragmatic for the challenging EIEC ONT group.
Adhesion and Friction Issues Associated With Reliable Operation of MEMS
Authors: Maboudian Roya 
Published: August 2016

A growing interest exists in developing technologies that use silicon and other electronic materials as mechanical materials. Using standard processes of the integrated-circuit industry, researchers have successfully fabricated miniature mechanical components (micromachines) such as membranes, gears, motors, pumps, and valves. The integration of miniaturized mechanical components with microelectronic components has spawned a new technology known as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). It promises to extend the benefits of microelectronic fabrication to sensing and actuating functions. Early applications of this technology include the digital mirror display, which has of the order of 106 aluminum thin-film micromirrors fabricated on top of a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor static random-access-memory integrated circuit. Other applications include integrated accelerometers for tasks such as air-bag deployment.A number of fabrication techniques have been developed for this technology and have been reviewed elsewhere. In this review, I focus on surface-micromachining technology and adhesion and friction problems in surface-micromachined polycrystalline silicon (polysilicon) structures, though many of the principles discussed will also apply both to single-crystalline silicon and nonsilicon-based structures. Surface micromachining, defined as the fabrication of micromechanical structures from deposited thin films, is one of the core technological processes underlying MEMS. Surface microstructures have lateral dimensions of 50-500 μm with thicknesses of 0.1–2.5 μm and are offset 0.1–2 μm from the substrate. The basic steps in a surface-micromachining process appear in Figure 1. First the substrate is typically coated with an isolation layer (Figure la) that protects it during subsequent etching steps. A sacrificial layer is then deposited on the substrate and patterned. For simplicity, Figure 1b shows that the opening of the sacrificial layer is terminated on the isolation layer. The microstructural thin film is then deposited and etched (Figure 1c). Finally selective etching of the sacrificial layer creates the freestanding micromechanical structures such as the cantilever beam shown in cross section in Figure 1d. The technique can be extended to make multiple-layer microstructures.
Electrical Studies of Semiconductor-Nanocrystal Colloids
Authors: Alivisatos A.P. 
Published: August 2016

The study of nanometer-sized semiconductor crystals has been advancing at a rapid pace. Much of the interest in these materials stems from the fact that their physical and chemical properties can be systematically tuned by variation of the size, according to increasingly well-established scaling laws. This article describes colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals belonging to the II-VI and III-V families, and outlines strategies for obtaining electrical access to such dots.If an inorganic cluster exceeds a certain size—generally in the 10s of unit cells—then it will likely possess a bonding geometry characteristic of a bulk phase. Above this critical size, the nature of the chemical bonds in the cluster remains fixed as a function of the size, but the total number of atoms—or the surface to volume ratio—changes smoothly. This leads to a slow extrapolation of the properties for ideal nanocrystals toward bulk values with increasing size, according to the scaling laws. The ability to control systematically the properties of inorganic materials by variation of size and shape is an important development with many implications for how materials should be processed and assembled.Many scaling laws have been investigated, including the size variation of bandgap, charging energy, magnetization reversal, and melting. Study of the scaling laws reveals lessons for how to make nanocrystals. This article focuses on the properties of colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals, how to make them, and ways of gaining electrical access to them. Advances in metal, magnetic, and structural nanomaterials are also occurring. Semiconductor dots produced by other processing techniques in the articles by Bimberg, Gammon, and Tarucha in this issue.