bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Finding the breech: Influence of breech presentation on mode of delivery based on timing of diagnosis, attempt at external cephalic version, and provider success with version
Authors: Andrews Suzanne , Leeman Lawrence , Yonke Nicole 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundBreech presentation affects 3‐4% of pregnancies at term and malpresentation is the primary indication for 10‐15% of cesarean deliveries. External cephalic version is an effective intervention that can decrease the need for cesarean delivery; however, timely identification of breech presentation is required. We hypothesized that women with a fetus in a breech presentation that is diagnosed after 38 weeks’ estimated gestational age have a decreased likelihood of external cephalic version attempted and an increased likelihood of cesarean delivery.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study. A chart review was performed for 251 women with breech presentation at term presenting to our tertiary referral university hospital for external cephalic version, cesarean for breech presentation, or vaginal breech delivery.ResultsVaginal delivery was significantly more likely (31.1% vs 12.5%; P<.01) in women with breech presentation diagnosed before 38 weeks’ estimated gestational age as external cephalic version was offered, and subsequently attempted in a greater proportion of women diagnosed before 38 weeks. External cephalic version was more successful when performed by physicians with greater procedural volume during the 3.5 year period of the study (59.1% for providers performing at least 10 procedures vs 31.3% if performing fewer than 10 procedures, P<.01).ConclusionsResults support the need for interventions to increase timely diagnosis of breech presentation as well as improved patient counseling and use of experienced providers for external cephalic version.
Maternal care mediates the effects of nutrition and responsive stimulation interventions on young children's growth
Authors: Brown N. , Finch J. E. , Obradović J. , Yousafzai A. K. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundUndernutrition contributes to at least half the estimated six million annual childhood deaths worldwide. Furthermore, one in three children fails to meet their developmental potential because of risks including stunting, illness, under‐stimulation, poor responsive interactions and maternal depressive symptoms. Our study investigates the role of caregiving processes on children's height‐for‐age at 2 and 4 years.MethodsThe Pakistan Early Child Development Scale‐up study assessed the longitudinal effectiveness of early nutrition and responsive stimulation interventions on growth and development at 4 years of age. In total, 1302 children were followed up from birth to 4 years. We leveraged path analyses to explore potential mediators of early intervention effects on children's height‐for‐age at 4 years, including maternal depressive symptoms, mother–child interaction quality, diarrhoeal illness and height‐for‐age at 2 years.ResultsOur final model had excellent model fit (comparative fix index = 0.999, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.998, root mean square error of approximation = 0.008) and showed that mother–child interaction quality mediated the effects of both enhanced nutrition and responsive stimulation interventions on height‐for‐age at 4 years via its longitudinal stability from 2 years of age (β = 0.016, p = 0.005; β = 0.048, p < 0.001, respectively). Further, diarrhoeal illness mediated the effects of maternal depressive symptoms at 1 year post partum on children's height‐for‐age at 4 years via the longitudinal stability of height‐for‐age z‐score from 2 years of age onwards (β = −0.007, p = 0.019).ConclusionsThe quality of early caregiving experience mediated the association between both interventions and height‐for‐age. The effect of maternal depressive symptoms on growth was mediated by diarrhoeal illness. Programmatic approaches to child nutrition and growth must address all these potentially modifiable factors.
Evaluating the role of morphological characters in the phylogeny of some trypanosomatid genera (Excavata, Kinetoplastea, Trypanosomatida)
Authors: da Silva‐Júnior Renato , Paiva Thiago da Silva 
Published: May 2017

AbstractOver the last three decades, it has been progressively assumed that morphology has become obsolete for trypanosomatid systematics. Traditional taxonomy, based on the occurrence of specific kinds of cell morphotypes during life cycles and the morphometry of such cells, is often rejected by molecular phylogenies inferred mostly from 18S rDNA alone or combined with GAPDH. In such context, we hypothesized the affinities of 35 representatives of seven trypanosomatid genera from separated and combined cladistics analyses of morphological and 18S matrices. Morphology is shown to be more consistent and to have stronger synapomorphy retention than the 18S data. The strict consensus of cladograms from separated analyses was mostly unresolved, while combined analysis produced a meaningful and robust phylogenetic pattern, as evidenced by partition congruence index, Bremer support and frequencies of groups present/contradicted. The results (1) corroborate the separation of Angomonas and Strigomonas from Crithidia, which is now shown to be monophyletic, (2) support the revalidation of the genus Wallaceina, and (3) place the genera Herpetomonas, Leptomonas and Phytomonas within a single clade. Overall, we demonstrate the belief that morphological characters are inferior to molecular ones for trypanosomatid systematics is a consequence of neglecting their inclusion in phylogenetic analyses.
Evidence for the transfer of a soil‐borne contaminant from plants to ants via an aphid mediator
Authors: DE LA RIVA DEBORAH G. , JONES MICHAEL B. , TRUMBLE JOHN T. 
Published: May 2017

1. Uptake of environmental contaminants by lower trophic groups can have negative effects on higher trophic groups. This study tested the ability of selenium, an environmental contaminant found in high concentrations throughout the tissues of certain accumulating plants, to be transferred to ants via aphid tissue and honeydew.2. Plants of the selenium accumulator, Raphanus sativus (wild radish), were watered with three different selenium treatments (0, 0.25 or 0.5 µg Se ml−1). Aphids, Myzus persicae, and Argentine ant colonies, Linepithema humile, were added to each caged plant and allowed to interact freely. Ant colonies were supplemented with one of three different food options to encourage the consumption of aphids, aphid honeydew, or aphids and honeydew.3. The accumulation of selenium by each trophic group and a trophic transfer factor (TTF) was calculated. The TTF for plants to aphids was > 1, indicating biomagnification, whereas the TTF for aphids to worker ants was < 1, indicating only biotransfer. Accumulated levels by worker ants did not statistically differ as a result of diet.4. The amounts of selenium acquired by ants as a factor of diet and caste were compared. Plants, aphids and worker ants accumulated selenium in a dose‐dependent manner. Ant queens did not contain detectable amounts of selenium. Honeydew contained comparable amounts of selenium to plant selenium levels.5. Access to toxic compounds via honeydew and insect protein may have negative effects on the range expansion of invasive species, such as the Argentine ant.
Vomiting and migraine‐related clinical parameters in pediatric migraine
Authors: Eidlitz‐Markus Tal , Haimi‐Cohen Yishai , Zeharia Avraham 
Published: May 2017

Objective/BackgroundTo investigate the characteristics of vomiting in pediatric migraineurs and the relationship of vomiting with other migraine‐related parameters.MethodsThe cohort included children and adolescents with migraine attending a headache clinic of a tertiary pediatric medical center from 2010 to 2016. Patients were identified by a retrospective database search. Data were collected from medical files. The presence of vomiting was associated with background and headache‐related parameters.ResultsThe study group included 453 patients, 210 boys (46.4%) and 243 girls (53.6%), of mean age 11.3 ± 3.7 years. Vomiting was reported by 161 patients (35.5%). On comparison of patients with and without vomiting, vomiting was found to be significantly associated with male gender (54% vs 42.1%, P < .018), younger age at migraine onset (8.0 ± 3. years vs 9.6 ± 3.7 years, P < .001), younger age at clinic admission (10.5 ± 3. years vs 11.6 ± 3.6 years, P = .002), higher rate of awakening headache (64.1% vs 38.7%, P < .001), lower headache frequency (10.5 ± 10.3 headaches/month vs 15.0 ± 11.7 headaches/month, P < .001), higher rate of episodic vs chronic migraine (67% vs 58.7%, P < .001), and higher rates of paternal migraine (24.1% vs 10.1%, P < .001), migraine in both parents (9.3% vs 3.1%, P = .007), and migraine in either parent (57.5% vs 45.5%, P = .02).ConclusionsThe higher rate of vomiting in the younger patients and the patients with awakening pain may be explained by a common underlying pathogenetic mechanism of vomiting and migraine involving autonomic nerve dysfunction/immaturity. The association of vomiting with parental migraine points to a genetic component of vomiting and migraine. It should be noted that some of the findings may simply reflect referral patterns in the tertiary clinic.
Web‐based corporate, social and video recruitment media: Effects of media richness and source credibility on organizational attraction
Authors: Frasca Keely J. , Edwards Martin R. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractDespite the high use of social media in graduate recruitment campaigns, research has yet to examine how it compares with websites and videos in influencing job seekers’ reactions. Drawing from recruitment, media richness, and source credibility theories, we proposed that the media used to present recruitment material would influence organizational attraction via perceptions of media richness and source credibility. Results of a between‐subjects study, with 342 participants holding or working toward a degree, show that when a standardized recruitment message is delivered via Facebook, video, or text‐based webpage media, there are significant between‐media richness and source credibility differences. Furthermore, particular media richness features were positively related to perceptions of source credibility, and source credibility perceptions were positively related to organizational attraction. Implications for organizations’ online recruitment campaigns are discussed.
Declarations of significance: Exploring the pragmatic nature of information models
Authors: Beynon‐Davies Paul 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThis paper considers the juncture experienced between information modelling in theory and information modelling in practice. It identifies the basis of this juncture in an unsatisfactory ontological basis for information modelling. Using both the early and more recent work of Searle, it establishes the need for information models to be framed in terms of communicative patterns significant within some delimited institutional domain. Such communicative patterns are visualised in terms of an innovative artefact known as a pattern comic. The propositional content of communicative acts within such patterns is then expressed as a set of binary relations, which can be transformed into various visualisations of an information model. Patterns of communicative action evident in the domain of medical emergency response are used throughout to illustrate this pragmatic approach to constructing information models.
Assessing Models of Arsenic Occurrence in Drinking Water from Bedrock Aquifers in New Hampshire
Authors: Andy Caroline M. , Fahnestock Maria Florencia , Lombard Melissa A. , Hayes Laura , Bryce Julia G. , Ayotte Joseph D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThree existing multivariate logistic regression models were assessed using new data to evaluate the capacity of the models to correctly predict the probability of groundwater arsenic concentrations exceeding the threshold values of 1, 5, and 10 micrograms per liter (µg/L) in New Hampshire, USA. A recently released testing dataset includes arsenic concentrations from groundwater samples collected in 2004–2005 from a mix of 367 public‐supply and private domestic wells. The use of this dataset to test three existing logistic regression models demonstrated enhanced overall predictive accuracy for the 5 and 10 μg/L models. Overall accuracies of 54.8, 76.3, and 86.4 percent were reported for the 1, 5, and 10 μg/L models, respectively. The state was divided by counties into northwest and southeast regions. Regional differences in accuracy were identified; models had an average accuracy of 83.1 percent for the counties in the northwest and 63.7 percent in the southeast. This is most likely due to high model specificity in the northwest and regional differences in arsenic occurrence. Though these models have limitations, they allow for arsenic hazard assessment across the region. The introduction of well‐type (public or private), well depth, and casing length as explanatory variables may be appropriate measures to improve model performance. Our findings indicate that the original models generalize to the testing dataset, and should continue to serve as an important vehicle of preventative public health that may be applied to other groundwater contaminants in New Hampshire.
Reduced Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Diversity Associated with Increased Cyanobacteria in Lake Champlain, USA
Authors: Bockwoldt Katelyn A. , Nodine Emily R. , Mihuc Timothy B. , Shambaugh Angela D. , Stockwell Jason D. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractAnthropogenic inputs of nutrients threaten water quality around the world, causing eutrophication and altering phytoplankton communities. In freshwater systems, certain physiochemical conditions, including high TP, low TN:TP, and warm temperatures, can lead to problematic cyanobacteria blooms. Cyanobacteria can decrease phytoplankton diversity and phytoplankton diversity has been positively linked to zooplankton diversity, suggesting that cyanobacteria may have indirect negative effects on zooplankton diversity. Using monitoring data from Lake Champlain, we tested three hypotheses: (1) cyanobacteria density and phytoplankton diversity are inversely related; (2) phytoplankton diversity and zooplankton diversity are positively related; and by extension (3) cyanobacteria density and zooplankton diversity are inversely related. Relationships were investigated separately at shallow (4–15 m) and deep (25–100 m) sites using several diversity metrics. At deep sites, cyanobacteria density was only related (positively) to zooplankton Shannon diversity. At shallow sites, all three hypotheses were supported by three of four diversity metrics; low phytoplankton richness appears to be the link between high cyanobacteria density and low zooplankton diversity. Our results suggest that cyanobacteria may indirectly reduce zooplankton diversity by decreasing resource heterogeneity, although our results based on observational data were also consistent with well‐known direct pathways. Because low biodiversity can alter ecosystem processes and impair functioning, our results suggest that shallow systems may be more responsive to global change than deeper systems.
Erodibility Parameters Derived from Jet and Flume Erosion Tests on Root‐Permeated Soils
Authors: McNichol Bailey , Kassa Kayla , Fox Garey , Miller Ron , Guertault Lucie 
Published: May 2017

AbstractFlume tests and in situ jet erosion tests (JETs) allow for the process‐based quantification of erodibility parameters of cohesive soils. In the excess shear stress model used to predict soil detachment, the critical shear stress (τc) corresponds to the stress at which fluvial forces can detach soil particles or aggregates and the erodibility coefficient (kd) governs the rate at which detachment occurs when the imposed shear exceeds τc. The primary objective of this research was to derive and compare erodibility parameters from flume tests and JETs on various root‐permeated soil samples. Based on statistical analysis, erodibility coefficients from the flume tests were typically statistically similar to those derived with JETs. In order to further determine the capability of the JET to indicate differences in erodibility of root‐permeated soils, this research then performed JETs on side‐by‐side in situ soils. The JETs on root‐permeated soils estimated significantly higher τc but insignificant differences in kd compared to JETs on adjacent bare soil. A significant correlation was observed between exposed root surface area (TRSA) and τc, but no correlation between TRSA and kd or the equilibrium scour depth was observed. More flume and JET experiments are needed to clarify the relationship between root‐permeated soils and erodibility parameters, and address a wider range of average root diameters than was considered in this research.
Hydrochlorothiazide use is strongly associated with risk of lip cancer
Authors: Pottegård A. , Hallas J. , Olesen M. , Svendsen M. T. , Habel L. A. , Friedman G. D. , Friis S. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe diuretic hydrochlorothiazide is amongst the most frequently prescribed drugs in the United States and Western Europe, but there is suggestive evidence that hydrochlorothiazide use increases the risk of lip cancer.ObjectivesTo study the association between use of hydrochlorothiazide and squamous cell carcinoma of the lip.MethodsWe conducted a case–control study using Danish nationwide registry data. From the Cancer Registry (2004–2012), we identified 633 case patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lip and matched them to 63 067 population controls using a risk‐set sampling strategy. Hydrochlorothiazide use (1995–2012) was obtained from the Prescription Registry and defined according to cumulative use. Applying conditional logistic regression, we calculated odds ratios (ORs) for SCC lip cancer associated with hydrochlorothiazide use, adjusting for predefined potential confounders obtained from demographic, prescription and patient registries.ResultsEver‐use of hydrochlorothiazide was associated with an adjusted OR for SCC lip cancer of 2.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.7–2.6), increasing to 3.9 (95%CI: 3.0–4.9) for high use (≥25 000 mg). There was a clear dose–response effect (P < 0.001), with the highest cumulative dose category of hydrochlorothiazide (≥100 000 mg) presenting an OR of 7.7 (95%CI: 5.7–10.5). No association with lip cancer was seen with use of other diuretics or nondiuretic antihypertensives. Assuming causality, we estimated that 11% of the SCC lip cancer cases could be attributed to hydrochlorothiazide use.ConclusionsHydrochlorothiazide use is strongly associated with an increased risk of lip cancer.
Carnivore distributions in Botswana are shaped by resource availability and intraguild species
Authors: Rich L. N. , Miller D. A. W. , Robinson H. S. , McNutt J. W. , Kelly M. J. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe composition of ecological communities is shaped by the interplay between interspecific interactions and species’ habitat and food requirements. The influence of interspecific interactions is particularly widespread within carnivore guilds, where species must balance the trade‐off between resource acquisition and potentially costly encounters with intraguild competitors/predators. We tested whether intraguild species activity or resource availability had a stronger influence on the seasonal distributions of 10 carnivore species in northern Botswana. We deployed 132 camera stations across a 330 km2 area during the 2014 dry season and 2015 wet season. For each species and season, we developed occupancy models based on resource availability (i.e. prey, vegetation and water) and on intraguild species (i.e. photographic detection rates of intraguild competitors and predators). We then used k‐fold cross‐validation to assess the relative predictive ability of each model. Carnivore distributions were generally negatively associated with dense vegetation and contrary to expectations, positively associated with the detection rate of intraguild species. This suggests competitor/predator avoidance did not play a large role in influencing carnivore distributions in northern Botswana, a result that differs from other systems, and might be attributed to differences in habitat, carnivore densities, and prey availability. The predictive ability of our resource availability vs. intraguild species models differed between seasons and among species. Leopard distributions, for example, were best predicted by resource availability during the dry season and by the activity of intraguild species in the wet season. The majority of seasonal distributions were best predicted by intraguild species activity or a combination of both resource availability and intraguild species activity. As environments continually change, studies similar to ours are pertinent as they can be used to monitor distributions of wildlife communities and to better understand the relative importance of the diversity of ecological processes impacting wildlife communities.
Diet, food components and the intestinal barrier
Authors: Gleeson J. P. 
Published: May 2017

AbstractThe majority of dietary nutrient absorption occurs in the small intestine, with the intestinal epithelium acting as a barrier to the contents of the intestinal lumen. This barrier is maintained by intestinal epithelial cells, which support nutrient uptake but prevent translocation of bacteria, allergens and toxins. There is complex signalling and interaction between intestinal epithelia, macrophages, luminal contents and the microbiota which can modulate epithelial paracellular porosity. Intake of alcohol, fatty acids, pharmaceuticals and pathogenic bacteria has been reported to increase paracellular permeability, increase production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and temporarily reorganise tight junctional proteins. Conversely, numerous probiotics, nutraceuticals and food‐derived bioactive components are promising due to reported restoration of intestinal barrier integrity by increasing production of anti‐inflammatory cytokines and increased expression of tight junctional proteins. In vitro co‐culture models exist and recent advances in microfluidic in vitro models are promising tools for investigating the complex effect of dietary components on the intestinal barrier. Temporarily perturbing the intestinal barrier may increase the oral bioavailability of therapeutic molecules. However, people with impaired intestinal integrity (e.g. those with Crohn's, coeliac or ulcerative colitis disease) should avoid foods which further perturb barrier integrity, while increasing intake of specific foods and possibly probiotics to promote intestinal barrier restoration.