bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomy and relationships of the South African gorgonopsian Arctops (Therapsida, Theriodontia)
Authors: Kammerer Christian F. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe gorgonopsian genus Arctops from the late Permian of South Africa is revised and redescribed. The nominal species Arctops kitchingi and Arctops watsoni are found to be junior synonyms of the type species Arctops willistoni. A well‐prepared specimen previously referred to Lycaenops angusticeps and additional, previously undescribed specimens are also referred to A. willistoni. The vomerine morphology of Arctops is highly distinctive, supporting previous work highlighting the taxonomic importance of this element. Arctops is restricted to the Cistecephalus Assemblage Zone of the South African Beaufort Group. Inclusion of Arctops in a phylogenetic analysis of gorgonopsian relationships recovers it as the sister‐taxon of Smilesaurus ferox, with the clade composed of Arctops + Smilesaurus positioned outside the Rubidgeinae.
Evolution of Optimum Grain Size for Low Loss Ferritic FeSi Steels
Authors: Schneider Jürgen , Stöcker Anett , Kawalla Rudolf , Franke Armin 
Published: September 2017

The magnetic properties of non‐oriented Fe–Si electrical steels are characterized by their magnetization behavior and specific magnetic losses. The magnetic losses are the most important property for selection of material grades at a given application. The magnetic properties are determined generally by the texture and microstructure. There is a strong link between the specific magnetic losses of the fully processed electrical steel and the grain size. Large values of grain size are necessary to reach low values of the specific magnetic losses. This is in contrast to conventional steels with high strength, where low values of grain size are preferable. To fulfill the requirements on large grain size for low loss materials grain growth plays an important role. In this paper, the authors will analyze by optical microscopy and EBSD investigations the influences of different microstructure of the hot strip and the resulting microstructure after cold rolling on recrystallization and grain growth after final annealing of Fe–2.4 wt% Si. The image quality plus rotation angle map and the misorientation angle frequency are used to access the degree of microstructural changes during processing.It will be demonstrated that the microstructure of the used hot band effects remarkable the onset of grain growth.
Exegesis of Sect. III.B from “Fundamentals of the Mechanics of Continua” by E. Hellinger
Authors: Eugster Simon R. , dell'Isola Francesco 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThis is our third and last exegetic essay on the fundamental review article DIE ALLGEMEINEN ANSÄTZE DER MECHANIK DER KONTINUA in the Encyklopädie der mathematischen Wissenschaften mit Einschluss ihrer Anwendungen, Bd. IV‐4, Hft. 5 (1913) by Ernst Hellinger which contains the translation and the commentary of the remaining text starting from p. 663. The six subsections, No. 9–15, deal with the applications of the previously developed conceptual tools to formulate: an effective theory of elasticity, the dynamics of ideal fluids, models for internal friction and elastic hysteresis, a theory of capillarity, optics, the fundamental equations of electrodynamics, an introduction of the thermodynamical foundations and the relationship between the theory of continua and the theory of relativity. Hellinger refers to relevant literature while consolidating in an effective way the contemporary knowledge in 1913. Considering notational differences as being irrelevant for the characterization of the presented scientific content, Hellinger's article shows that an effective compendium of a large part of the insights given in Truesdell and Toupin and Truesdell and Noll has already been available in 1913. We include in this paper an assessment of the different roles played by pioneers, who are innovating their scientific discipline, and by erudite scholars whose role consists in re‐ordering existent knowledge and advertising to a wider audience the most important technical results already obtained in a given discipline.
The Events in 1992
Authors: Gunneriusson Håkan 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
This chapter deals with how and why the war emerges in Bosnia and how the involved actors acted. Serbian and Croatian leadership with Slobodan Milošević and Radovan Karadžić, respectively, pushed for hostilities all when the leadership in Bosnia with Alija Izetbegović and parts of the international community as Germany did little to avert the coming disaster.
Impact of Drain Insertion After Perforated Peptic Ulcer Repair in a Japanese Nationwide Database Analysis
Authors: Okumura K. , Hida K. , Kunisawa S. , Nishigori T. , Hosogi H. , Sakai Y. , Imanaka Y. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundMany perforated peptic ulcers (PPUs) require surgical repair due to diffuse peritonitis. However, few studies have examined the clinical effects of postoperative drainage after PPU repair. This study aimed to investigate the drain insertion rates in patients who underwent PPU repair in Japan, and to clarify the impact of drain insertion on the postoperative clinical course.MethodsA retrospective nationwide cohort study was performed using administrative claims data of patients who had undergone PPU repair between 2010 and 2016. These patients were divided into two groups based on whether or not they had received a postoperative abdominal drain. Using propensity score matching, we compared the incidences of postoperative interventions for abdominal complications between both groups.ResultsA total of 4869 patients from 324 hospitals were analyzed. At the hospital level, drains were placed in all PPU repair patients in 229 (70.7%) hospitals. At the patient level, 4401 patients (90.4%) had drains inserted. The drain group was associated with a higher emergency admission rate, poorer preoperative shock status, longer anesthetic time, and a higher amount of intra‐abdominal irrigation. In the propensity score‐matched patients, the drain group had a significantly lower incidence of postoperative interventions than the no‐drain group (1.9 vs. 5.6%; risk ratio = 0.35; 95% confidence interval 0.16–0.73; P = 0.003).ConclusionPostoperative drainage was performed in the majority of patients who underwent PPU repair in Japan. Drainage following PPU repair may facilitate patient recovery by reducing the need for postoperative interventions.
A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis of Timing and Outcome of Intestinal Failure Surgery in Patients with Enteric Fistula
Authors: de Vries Fleur E. E. , Atema Jasper J. , van Ruler Oddeke , Vaizey Carolynne J. , Serlie Mireille J. , Boermeester Marja A. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackgroundThe timing of intestinal failure (IF) surgery has changed. Most specialized centers now recommend postponing reconstructive surgery for enteric fistula and emphasize that abdominal sepsis has to be resolved and the patient’s condition improved. Our aim was to study the outcome of postponed surgery, to identify risk factors for recurrence and mortality, and to define more precisely the optimal timing of reconstructive surgery.MethodsPubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were systematically reviewed on the outcomes of reconstructive IF surgery (fistula recurrence, mortality, morbidity, hernia recurrence, total closure, enteral autonomy). If appropriate, meta‐analyses were performed. Optimal timing was explored, and risk factors for recurrence and mortality were identified.ResultsFifteen studies were included. The weighted pooled fistula recurrence rate was 19% (95% CI 15–24). Lower recurrence rates were found in studies with a longer median time and/or, at the minimum of the range, a longer time interval to surgery. Overall mortality was 3% (95% CI 2–5). Total fistula closure rates ranged from 80 to 97%. Enteral autonomy after reconstructive surgery, mentioned in four studies, varied between 79 and 100%.ConclusionsPostponed IF surgery for enteric fistula is associated with lower recurrence. Due to the wide range of time to definitive surgery within each study, optimal timing of surgery could not be defined from published data.
Diagnostic approach to neurotransmitter monoamine disorders: experience from clinical, biochemical, and genetic profiles
Authors: Kuster Alice , Arnoux Jean‐Baptiste , Barth Magalie , Lamireau Delphine , Houcinat Nada , Goizet Cyril , Doray Bérénice , Gobin Stéphanie , Schiff Manuel , Cano Aline , Amsallem Daniel , Barnerias Christine , Chaumette Boris , Plaze Marion , Slama Abdelhamid , Ioos Christine , Desguerre Isabelle , Lebre Anne‐Sophie , de Lonlay Pascale , Christa Laurence ,   Individual contributors who contributed to this work
Published: September 2017

AbstractBackground and aimTo improve the diagnostic work‐up of patients with diverse neurological diseases, we have elaborated specific clinical and CSF neurotransmitter patterns.MethodsNeurotransmitter determinations in CSF from 1200 patients revealed abnormal values in 228 (19%) cases. In 54/228 (24%) patients, a final diagnosis was identified.ResultsWe have reported primary (30/54, 56%) and secondary (24/54, 44%) monoamine neurotransmitter disorders. For primary deficiencies, the most frequently mutated gene was DDC (n = 9), and the others included PAH with neuropsychiatric features (n = 4), PTS (n = 5), QDPR (n = 3), SR (n = 1), and TH (n = 1). We have also identified mutations in SLC6A3, FOXG1 (n = 1 of each), MTHFR (n = 3), FOLR1, and MTHFD (n = 1 of each), for dopamine transporter, neuronal development, and folate metabolism disorders, respectively. For secondary deficiencies, we have identified POLG (n = 3), ACSF3 (n = 1), NFU1, and SDHD (n = 1 of each), playing a role in mitochondrial function. Other mutated genes included: ADAR, RNASEH2B, RNASET2, SLC7A2‐IT1 A/B lncRNA, and EXOSC3 involved in nuclear and cytoplasmic metabolism; RanBP2 and CASK implicated in post‐traductional and scaffolding modifications; SLC6A19 regulating amino acid transport; MTM1, KCNQ2 (n = 2), and ATP1A3 playing a role in nerve cell electrophysiological state. Chromosome abnormalities, del(8)(p23)/dup(12) (p23) (n = 1), del(6)(q21) (n = 1), dup(17)(p13.3) (n = 1), and non‐genetic etiologies (n = 3) were also identified.ConclusionWe have classified the final 54 diagnoses in 11 distinctive biochemical profiles and described them through 20 clinical features. To identify the specific molecular cause of abnormal NT profiles, (targeted) genomics might be used, to improve diagnosis and allow early treatment of complex and rare neurological genetic diseases.
Mechanisms of cancer cell killing by sea cucumber-derived compounds
Authors: Wargasetia Teresa Liliana , Widodo  
Published: September 2017

SummaryThe aim of cancer therapy is to specifically eradicate tumor cells while causing minimal damage to normal tissues and minimal side-effects. Because of this, the use of natural substances with low toxicity is a good option. Sea cucumbers are one of many potential marine animals that contain valuable nutrients and medicinal properties. The medicinal value of sea cucumbers is attributed to the presence of bioactive agents with promising biological and pharmacological properties that include cytotoxic activity, induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, inhibition of tumor growth, anti-metastatic and anti-angiogenic properties, and inhibition of drug resistance. This review discusses the mechanisms of cancer cell death induced by sea cucumber-derived compounds with regard to exploring the potential use of these marine natural products for cancer therapy.
Structural provinces of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: LeDoux Christine M. , Hulbe Christina L. , Forbes Martin P. , Scambos Ted A. , Alley Karen 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACTThe surface of the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) is textured by flow stripes, crevasses and other features related to ice flow and deformation. Here, moderate resolution optical satellite images are used to map and classify regions of the RIS characterized by different surface textures. Because the textures arise from ice deformation, the map is used to identify structural provinces with common deformation history. We classify four province types: regions associated with large outlet glaciers, shear zones, extension downstream of obstacles and suture zones between provinces with different upstream sources. Adjacent provinces with contrasting histories are in some locations deforming at different rates, suggesting that our province map is also an ice fabric map. Structural provinces have more complicated shapes in the part of the ice shelf fed by West Antarctic ice streams than in the part fed by outlet glaciers from the Transantarctic Mountains. The map may be used to infer past variations in stress conditions and flow events that cannot be inferred from flow traces alone.
Emergency physicians’ attitudes and perceived barriers to the implementation of take-home naloxone programs in Canadian emergency departments
Authors: Lacroix Lauren , Thurgur Lisa , Orkin Aaron M. , Perry Jeffrey J. , Stiell Ian G. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractObjectivesRates of opioid-related deaths have reached the level of national public health crisis in Canada. Community-based opioid overdose education and naloxone distribution (OEND) programs distribute naloxone to people at risk, and the emergency department (ED) may be an underutilized setting to deliver naloxone to these people. The goal of this study was to identify Canadian emergency physicians’ attitudes and perceived barriers to the implementation of take-home naloxone programs.MethodsThis was an anonymous Web-based survey of members of the Canadian Association of Emergency Physicians. Survey questions were developed by the research team and piloted for face validity and clarity. Two reminder emails were sent to non-responders at 2-week intervals. Respondent demographics were collected, and Likert scales were used to assess attitudes and barriers to the prescription of naloxone from the ED.ResultsA total of 459 physicians responded. The majority of respondents were male (64%), worked in urban tertiary centres (58.3%), and lived in Ontario (50.6%). Overall, attitudes to OEND were strongly positive; 86% identified a willingness to prescribe naloxone from the ED. Perceived barriers included support for patient education (57%), access to follow-up (44%), and inadequate time (37%). In addition to people at risk of overdose, 77% of respondents identified that friends and family members may also benefit.ConclusionsCanadian emergency physicians are willing to distribute take-home naloxone, but thoughtful systems are required to facilitate opioid OEND implementation. These data will inform the development of these programs, with emphasis on multidisciplinary training and education.
Contribution of Prior, Multiple-, and Repetitive Surgeries to the Risk of Surgical Site Infections in the Netherlands
Authors: Verberk Janneke D. M. , Meijs Anouk P. , Vos Margreet C. , Schreurs Liesbeth M. A. , Geerlings Suzanne E. , de Greeff Sabine C. , Koek Mayke B. G. 
Published: September 2017

OBJECTIVESurveillance is an important strategy to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections (SSIs). We investigated whether prior, multiple-, or repetitive surgeries are risk factors for SSI and whether they should be preserved in the protocol of the Dutch national SSI surveillance network.METHODSDutch national SSI surveillance data 2012–2015 were selected, including 34 commonly performed procedures from 8 major surgical specialties. Definitions of SSIs followed international standardized criteria. We used multivariable multilevel logistic regression techniques to evaluate whether prior, multiple-, or repetitive procedure(s) are risk factors for SSIs. We considered surgeries clustered within partnerships of medical specialists and within hospitals (random effects) and different baseline risks between surgical specialties (fixed effects). Several patient and surgical characteristics were considered possible confounders and were included where necessary. We performed analyses for superficial and deep SSIs combined as well as separately.RESULTSIn total, 115,943 surgeries were reported by 85 hospitals; among them, 2,960 (2.6%) resulted in SSIs (49.3% deep SSIs). The odds ratio (OR) for having prior surgery was 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.74–1.20); the OR for repetitive surgery was 2.39 (95% CI, 2.06–2.77); and the OR for multiple surgeries was1.27 (95% CI, 1.07–1.51). The latter effect was mainly caused by prolonged duration of surgery.CONCLUSIONSMultiple- and repetitive surgeries significantly increased the risk of an SSI, whereas prior surgery did not. Therefore, prior surgery is not an essential data item to include in the national SSI surveillance network. The increased risk of SSIs for multiple surgeries was mainly caused by prolonged duration of surgery, therefore, it may be sufficient to report only duration of surgery to the surveillance network, instead of both (the variables duration of surgery and multiple surgeries).Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1298–1305
How ambidextrous organizational culture affects job performance: A multilevel study of the mediating effect of psychological capital
Authors: Lee Jee Young , Seo Yumi , Jeung Wonho , Kim Joon-ho 
Published: September 2017

AbstractAmbidexterity organization, which is defined as the ability of an organization to simultaneously pursues exploration and exploitation, has received attention by researchers who have examined its beneficial effect on organizational performance and success. This study attempted to examine the positive effect of ambidextrous organization culture (AOC), which is regarded as the core characteristic of ambidextrous organizations by using a multilevel model. Specifically, this study examined the effects of AOC on members’ job performance and the mediating role of psychological capital in the relationship between AOC and job performance. The results indicated that AOC had a significantly positive relationship with job performance even after controlling various organizational and individual variables. Moreover, we found that psychological capital fully mediated the relationship between AOC and members’ job performance. This study provides theoretical contributions by empirically examining the positive effect and mechanism of AOC. Furthermore, this study offers practical implications in how practitioners can manage their organizational culture, by helping shape the direction of organizational culture management.
A rare disc-like holdfast of the Ediacaran macroalga from South China
Authors: Wang Ye , Wang Yue , Du Wei 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe fixing organ of the Precambrian macroalga was briefly described by most researchers as a holdfast or rhizoid, suggesting a fixation structure and/or tissue differentiation. An Ediacaran macroscopic alga,Discusphyton whenghuiensisn. gen. n. sp., with a complex disc-like holdfast and an unbranching thallus, has been collected, together with abundant and diverse macrofossils (i.e., the Wenghui biota) in black shales of the upper Doushantuo Formation (~560–551 Ma) in northeastern Guizhou, South China. The Wenghui biota lived in a relatively low-energy marine environment and was preserved in situ or nearby their growth position. Morphologically, the macroalgal thallus, including the compressed lamina and cylindrical stipe, might have been suspended in the water column for photosynthesis. Its holdfast, a rare fixing form, is complex in structure and construction, consisting of a globular rhizome and a discoidal rhizoid. The large-sized discoidal rhizoid is regarded as a flat-bottomed and dome-shaped organ to attach the macroalga on the water-rich muddy seafloor. The globular rhizome, expanded by a thallus on the substrate, was originally harder and spherical nature within the dome-shaped rhizoid. It may have been an important organ as a steering knuckle to connect between the stipe and the rhizoid. The macroscopic metaphyteD.whenghuiensisn. gen. n. sp. shows the appearance of complex holdfast in morphology and bio-functions. However, not enough is known, in the absence of more information, to decipher the phylogenetic affinity ofD.whenghuiensisn. gen. n. sp. and the origin of a discoidal rhizoid.
Late Quaternary loess and soils on uplands in the Canyonlands and Mesa Verde areas, Utah and Colorado
Authors: Reheis Marith C. , Goldstein Harland L. , Reynolds Richard L. , Forman Steven L. , Mahan Shannon A. , Carrara Paul E. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThin loess deposits on the uplands of the southeastern Colorado Plateau have previously not been well studied. We sampled deposits and soils from trenches on Hatch Point (HP) mesa near Canyonlands National Park, Utah, and from two outcrops in Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado. At HP, the oldest buried unit yielded 2 optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) ages of 10,370 and 7555 yr; the middle unit yielded 10 OSL ages from 6220 to 1385 yr; and the youngest unit had a single age of 1740 yr. At Mesa Verde (MV), three loess units are preserved in the two outcrops we examined; 6 OSL ages range from 51 to 17 ka. At least one buried soil is present between two units with ages of about 50 and 40 ka. The ages of the loess units in both study areas correspond well with OSL-dated dune sands in Canyonlands National Park and with dune sands on Black Mesa, Arizona. Particle-size distribution combined with chemical and magnetic data indicate that HP loess was derived mostly from nearby sandstone sources with a small component of far-traveled atmospheric dust, whereas MV loess was sourced both from the nearby sandstone and the San Juan River and its tributaries.
Field-evolved resistance to λ-cyhalothrin in the lady beetleEriopis connexa
Authors: Costa P.M.G. , Torres J.B. , Rondelli V.M. , Lira R. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractNatural enemies are exposed to insecticide sprays for herbivorous species and may evolve field resistance to insecticides. Natural enemies selected for resistance in the field, however, are welcome for pest control. The susceptibility of 20 populations ofEriopis connexafrom various crop ecosystems to λ-cyhalothrin was tested. Three bioassays were conducted: (i) topical treatment with lethal dose (LD)50previously determined for populations considered standard for susceptibility (LD50S) and for resistance (LD50R) to λ-cyhalothrin at technical grade; (ii) dose–mortality assay to calculate the LD for populations exhibiting significant survival to the LD50R; and (iii) determination of survival when exposed to dried residues at field rates. Among the 20 tested populations, seven populations did not survive or survival rates were lower than 10% when treated with LD50R; three populations survived >20%, but lower than 50%; while ten populations exhibited equal or greater survival rates compared with the 50% expected survival for the LD50R. Thus, these ten populations were subjected to dose–mortality response, and the LD50values varied from 0.046 to 5.44 µg a.i./insect with resistance ratio of 8.52- to 884.08-folds. Adults from these ten populations that were ranked as resistant according to the LD50Rexhibited survival from 44.5 to 100% exposed to the lowest and from 38.8 to 100% exposed to the highest field rates of λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Otherwise, the remaining ten populations ranked as susceptible according to the LD50Rshowed survival from 3.3 to 56% exposed to the lowest and from 0 to 17.7% exposed to the highest field rates of λ-cyhalothrin, respectively. Therefore, 50% of the testedE. connexapopulations exhibited field-evolved resistance to λ-cyhalothrin and the use of a discriminatory LD50for resistance matched the survival obtained when exposed to the insecticide field rates.