bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anatomical variations of pterion: analysis of the possible anatomical variations of pterion in human skulls
Authors: Ruiz C. , Souza G. , Scherb T. , Nascimento S. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Introduction: The pterion is an anatomical region located in the temporal fossa between frontal, sphenoid, and temporal bones. In the literature, we observed that the pterion can suffer many anatomical variations which depend on several factors, such as gender and ethnicity, and its form can vary in relation to the skull side. Objectives: To study and analyze the variations that can occur in the pterion, related to the type and symmetry, in relation to gender, age, side of the skull and ethnicity. Materials and Methods: We examined 55 skulls of both sexes belonging to the Department of Skulls Museum of Anatomy Descriptive and Topographic UNIFESP. The Pterions were outlined with pencil on tracing paper and from this drawing and the information of each skull perform our analysis. Results: In our sample, the pterion types vary as follows: sphenoparietal (90%), frontotemporal (4.54%), epiteric (3.64%) and stellate (1.82%). The most common types of female skulls were sphenoparietal (85%), and the least common types were stellate (2.5%). For the male skulls, the most common types were sphenoparietal (92.86%), and the least common types were stellate (1.43%). For the skull of white subjects, the most common types were sphenoparietal (98.08%), and the least common types were frontoparietal (1.92%). For the skull of non-white subjects, the most common types were sphenoparietal (82.75%), and the least common types were stellate (3.45%). Conclusion: We concluded that the most common pterions found in the entire sample were the sphenoparietal being predominant in sex, ethnicity, and side but there are variations in relation to the least common pterion types taking into consideration side, sex, and ethnicity.
Who's Your Mama Now? Rachel, Leah, and Rabbinic Views on Their Procreative Possibilities
Authors: Crane Jonathan K. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Infertility is a familiar biblical trope. Two women—Rachel and Leah—wrestle with their in/fertility in creative ways. Yet their proactive ingenuity apparently inspires anxiety amongst the rabbis, as evidenced by the many reinterpretations of Genesis 30. This article investigates the ways in which the rabbis labor to reconfigure these biblical women, their motivations for motherhood, and the solutions they use toward this end. In often surprising ways, rabbinic pens penetrate woman's bodies and wombs, reinscribe texts and sex, refashion fetuses, and more.
A efetiva implantação das unidades de conservação ambiental por meio da desapropriação
Authors: Coelho Hebert Alves , Rezende Elcio Nacur 
Published: December 2016

O presente artigo analisa a importância das unidades de conservação ambientais. Demonstra que a simples criação das unidades de conservação não é suficiente para se promover adequadamente a tutela ambiental. É imprescindível uma efetiva implantação das unidades de conservação para uma proteção eficaz do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, em especial da biodiversidade. Constata-se que a desapropriação das propriedades privadas em áreas constituídas como unidades de conservação é um importante instrumento para se concretizar esta efetiva implantação. Buscou-se compreender o problema por meio de raciocínio dedutivo, com vertente metodológica jurídico-teórica, alicerçando-se na análise de doutrinas e artigos relacionados ao tema proposto.
Corporate mediation: a proposition?
Authors: Brink Martin 
Published: December 2016

Corporate mediation: a proposition?
What is there to learn about managing conflict or negotiation that you do not already know? How can mediation techniques make a difference in achieving your personal goals and advance the objectives of your organisation even when there is no conflict? How can new skills benefit all management levels and change the role of the legal department?This issue of the Corporate Mediation Journal will address these and other questions. Is corporate mediation a prospect for the legal department and organisations as a whole?
Relationship Between Fatigability and Perceived Fatigue Measured Using the Neurological Fatigue Index in People with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Aldughmi Mayis , Bruce Jared , Siengsukon Catherine F. 
Published: December 2016

Background:
Understanding the relationship between perceived fatigue and performance fatigability could lead to more effective interventions to manage multiple sclerosis (MS)–related fatigue. However, the relationship between self-perceived fatigue measured using the Neurological Fatigue Index (NFI-MS) and performance fatigability in people with MS is unknown. We sought to explore the relationship between the NFI-MS and performance fatigability in people with MS.

Methods:
Fifty-two participants (mean ± SD age, 46.8 ± 10.1 years) completed the study. Three measures of performance fatigability were used: percent change in meters walked from first to last minute of the 6-Minute Walk Test, percent change in force exerted from first to last trial on a repetitive maximal hand grip test, and response speed variability on the Continuous Performance Test. Perceived physical and cognitive fatigue were measured using the NFI-MS. The state level of fatigue was examined immediately before and after performing the fatigability measures using a one-item visual analogue fatigue scale.

Results:
Of the three performance fatigability measures, only the attentional task (response speed variability) was significantly associated with NFI-MS physical (r = 0.326, P = .020) and cognitive (r = 0.276, P = .050) domain scores. Participants demonstrated significantly higher state levels of fatigue after performing all performance fatigability measures (P ≤ .001).

Conclusions:
The NFI-MS and the performance fatigability measures used in this study are easy to administer. We encourage wider use of these measures in clinical and research settings for comprehensive assessment of MS-related fatigue.
Brief report: Associations of physical activity with anxiety and depression symptoms and status among adolescents
Authors: McDowell Cillian P. , MacDonncha Ciaran , Herring Matthew P. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to investigate associations between physical activity (PA), depression, and anxiety among adolescents in Ireland. Adolescents (N = 481; 281 male, 200 female) aged 15.1 ± 1.7y self‐reported PA level, depression, and anxiety. Approximately 21% of adolescents were high trait anxious, and ∼37% reported scores indicating probable depression. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were higher for low PA (60 min/d, 0‐2 d/wk) compared to moderate (60 min/d, 3‐4 d/wk) and high (60 min/d, 5‐7 d/wk) PA. After adjustment for relevant covariates, reduced odds of depression were 30% and 56% for moderate and high PA, respectively; reduced odds of high trait anxiety were 46% and 47% for moderate and high PA, respectively. These findings support the need for adolescents to engage in moderate PA, with potential for increased benefits with increased PA. To conclude, moderate and high PA are inversely associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and risk of depression and high trait anxiety in adolescents.
Deconstructing Vulnerability for Psychosis: Meta-Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors for Psychosis in Subjects at Ultra High-Risk
Authors: Fusar-Poli P. , Tantardini M. , De Simone S. , Ramella-Cravaro V. , Oliver D. , Kingdon J. , Kotlicka-Antczak M. , Valmaggia L. , Lee J. , Millan M.J. , Galderisi S. , Balottin U. , Ricca V. , McGuire P. 
Published: December 2016

AbstractBackgroundSubjects at ultra high-risk (UHR) for psychosis have an enhanced vulnerability to develop the disorder but the risk factors accounting for this accrued risk are undetermined.MethodSystematic review of associations between genetic or environmental risk factors for psychosis that are widely established in the literature and UHR state, based on comparisons to controls.ResultsForty-four studies encompassing 170 independent datasets and 54 risk factors were included. There were no studies on association between genetic or epigenetic risk factors and the UHR state that met the inclusion criteria. UHR subjects were more likely to show obstetric complications, tobacco use, physical inactivity, childhood trauma/emotional abuse/physical neglect, high perceived stress, childhood and adolescent low functioning, affective comorbidities, male gender, single status, unemployment and low educational level as compared to controls.ConclusionsThe increased vulnerability of UHR subjects can be related to environmental risk factors like childhood trauma, adverse life events and affective dysfunction. The role of genetic and epigenetic risk factors awaits clarification.
Salivary tissue factor concentration and activity in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Tunali‐Akbay Tugba , Solmaz Zeliha , Namdar Pekiner Filiz , İpekci Hazal 
Published: December 2016

AbstractPurpose: This study aimed to evaluate the tissue factor (TF) concentration and activity in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) under oxidative stress.Methods: Twenty patients with OLP were selected from the patients who were referred for treatment to the Marmara University, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology Department. Twenty healthy subjects from faculty staff and their family members were selected for the study. Salivary TF concentration and TF activity; total oxidant capacity; total antioxidant capacity; total thiol, malondialdehyde and glutathione concentrations; and oxidative stress index were measured in saliva samples.Results: Salivary total oxidant capacity, oxidative stress index and malondialdehyde and TF concentration and activity were significantly increased in the patient group compared to those in the control group. Total thiol and glutathione concentration and total antioxidant capacity were significantly decreased in the patient group.Conclusion: Impaired oxidant‐antioxidant balance and inflammatory features of OLP might cause an increase in the salivary TF concentration and activity. As TF factor plays a critical role in inflammation progress, the use of an antioxidant agent in OLP may decrease the salivary TF concentration by decreasing oxidative stress. The findings of this study might represent a novel approach to OLP monitoring and treatment in terms of TF as the measurement of TF is easy and cost‐effective.
Linkage to the CCM2 Locus and Genetic Heterogeneity in Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation
Authors: Dupré Nicolas , Verlaan Dominique J. , Hand Collette K. , Laurent Sandra B. , Turecki Gustavo , Davenport W. Jeptha , Acciarri Nicola , Dichgans Johannes , Ohkuma Akio , Siegel Adrian M. , Rouleau Guy A. 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Background:Cerebral cavernous malformation (CCM) is a form of intracranial vascular disease that may arise sporadically or be dominantly inherited. Linkage studies have revealed genetic heterogeneity among the dominantly inherited forms suggesting the existence of at least three loci called CCM1, CCM2 and CCM3.Methods:In the present study, we screened five families with dominantly inherited CCM for CCM1 gene mutations with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). Then, we performed linkage analysis and haplotyping on these five families using highly polymorphic markers at the candidate CCM loci.Results:None of the five families tested with DHPLC were found to have mutations in the CCM1 gene. Based on haplotyping, we identified three families segregating alleles for CCM2, while two families segregated alleles for CCM3. Using linkage analysis, we could confirm that one family (IFCAS-1) had a positive Lod score of 2.03 (p<0.0001) at the CCM2 locus using marker D7S678.Conclusions:The present study is the first one to replicate linkage at the CCM2 locus and provides a fifth family identified as such. It also supports the concept of genetic heterogeneity in CCM, identifying four other families that showed no mutations in the CCM1 gene.
Dopamine Transporter Binding in Wilson's Disease
Authors: Huang Chin-Chang , Chu Nai-Shin , Yen Tzu-Chen , Wai Yau-Yau , Lu Chin-Song 
Published: December 2016

ABSTRACT:Introduction:In Wilson's disease (WD), brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) show increased signal intensity in T2 weighted images in the lenticular nuclei, thalamus and brainstem, including the substantia nigra. A poor therapeutic response to levodopa in WD suggests the mechanism of a postsynaptic abnormality. However positron emission tomography studies show an involvement of the nigrostriatal presynaptic dopaminergic pathway.Case report:We report the clinical manifestations in a case of WD with akinetic-rigid syndrome and initial hesitation. The brain MRI showed an increased signal intensity lesion in the substantia nigra region, in addition to basal ganglion and thalamic lesions. However, dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging with 99mTc-TRODAT-1 revealed a nonsignificantly increased DAT uptake, suggesting a normal presynaptic nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminal.Conclusion:We suggest that significant heterogeneity can be found in WD patients and a normal presynaptic dopaminergic pathway may occur in some patients, even those with typical akinetic-rigid syndrome and evidence of substantia nigra involvement in the brain on MRI.
Effective animal health programming requires consideration of and communication with those at the human-animal interface.
Authors: Bagnol B. , Naysmith S. , Bruyn J. de , Wong J. , Alders R. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Since the advent of agricultural support services, animal health programming has most often appeared as a linear and top-down activity with information and resources flowing from educated, official senders or communicators (the 'haves') to ignorant, passive recipients (the 'have nots') who work and live with animals. The lack of consideration for the experience and perception of those at the animal-human interface can negatively impact the efficacy of animal health programming. In development practice generally, and more recently in the veterinary field, the importance of open communication and participation with programme participants has been identified as integral to success. This paper reviews recent and extensive programming for rinderpest and highly pathogenic avian influenza to identify how participatory tools and approaches have been used and adapted for disease surveillance and response. In emphasizing the role that communication and local peoples' knowledge and experiences can play in shaping animal health programming, this paper contends that participatory methods can help promote both animal and human health. The success of future programming however will require greater interdisciplinary collaboration and communication, along with the integration and validation of multiple sources of evidence and knowledge. This can contribute to the development of adequate strategies for risk reduction and efficient incentives for the adoption of risk reduction guidelines.
Accuracy of plant specimen disease severity estimates: concepts, history, methods, ramifications and challenges for the future.
Authors: Bock C. H. , Chiang KuoSzu Chiang KuoSzu , Del Ponte E. M. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract
Knowledge of the extent of the symptoms of a plant disease, generally referred to as severity, is a key to both fundamental and applied aspects of plant pathology. Most commonly, severity is obtained visually and the accuracy of each estimate (closeness to the actual value) by individual raters is paramount as it directly affects inferences and decisions based on average data. Thus, the more accurate the visual estimate of severity made by a rater for each specimen, the lower the magnitude of errors in the analysis, and thus the lower the risk of incorrect decisions. Errors in estimates of severity on diseased specimens are becoming better understood and ways to minimize them have been developed during the last 25 years. The development of various tools to aid raters prior to, or during the assessments provides a basis for greater accuracy. Severity is often based on the continuous percentage scale to represent the proportion of area diseased. However, some tools, such as those based on category scales have been shown to harm accuracy of some estimates under specific conditions, potentially leading to Type II errors. On the other hand, ensuring raters are familiar with symptom identity, assessment training and the use of standard area diagrams (a series of pictorial representations of examples of actual severity), can lead to improved accuracy of each (or at least most) estimate(s) by raters, particularly those who are innately less accurate. In this review, the need for accuracy of visual estimates of disease severity on plant specimens is emphasized in relation to the sample mean and variance, and the history of accuracy in disease estimation is described, the advantages of tools to aid accuracy are presented and future research needs are outlined.
Sudden death syndrome - a growing threat of losses in soybeans.
Authors: Navi S. S. , Yang X. B. 
Published: December 2016

Abstract

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by
Fusarium virguliforme
is one of the major yield-limiting soil borne diseases of soybean (
Glycine max
). The SDS has been reported from 21 US states and is known to occur in Africa, North America and South America. In the USA the losses due to SDS was estimated at US$3.06 billion for a period from 1988 to 2010. Since 1983, several management approaches have been investigated to reduce SDS and yet, continued efforts are necessary to develop long-term disease management programs and to sustain disease below economic threshold levels. Integrating available control measures is an option, but adaptability and real-world assessments are equally important. Support of several funding agencies to better understand the disease in identifying suitable control measures to reduce yield losses in commercial cultivations has been indispensable in accomplishing these goals. In spite of sustained efforts, SDS continued to spread within the USA and reported in seven other countries since its first report in 1971. In this review, updated information on geographic distribution and economic significance of SDS, epidemiology, factors affecting SDS and management options for SDS including screening techniques have been compiled. Also, discussed significant gaps in use of plant, fungi and bacteria-based biocontrol agents in addressing management of SDS.
Generalized R-squared for detecting dependence
Authors: Wang X. , Jiang B. , Liu J. S. 
Published: December 2016

SUMMARY
Detecting dependence between two random variables is a fundamental problem. Although the Pearson correlation coefficient is effective for capturing linear dependence, it can be entirely powerless for detecting nonlinear and/or heteroscedastic patterns. We introduce a new measure, G-squared, to test whether two univariate random variables are independent and to measure the strength of their relationship. The G-squared statistic is almost identical to the square of the Pearson correlation coefficient, R-squared, for linear relationships with constant error variance, and has the intuitive meaning of the piecewise R-squared between the variables. It is particularly effective in handling nonlinearity and heteroscedastic errors. We propose two estimators of G-squared and show their consistency. Simulations demonstrate that G-squared estimators are among the most powerful test statistics compared with several state-of-the-art methods.
Perturbed human sub-networks byFusobacterium nucleatumcandidate virulence proteins
Authors: Zanzoni Andreas , Spinelli Lionel , Braham Shérazade , Brun Christine 
Published: December 2016

AbstractF. nucleatumis a gram-negative anaerobic species residing in the oral cavity and implicated in several inflammatory processes in the human body. AlthoughF. nucleatumabundance is increased in inflammatory bowel disease subjects and is prevalent in colorectal cancer patients, the causal role of the bacterium in gastrointestinal disorders and the mechanistic details of host cell functions subversion are not fully understood.We devised a computational strategy to identify putative secretedF. nucleatumproteins (FusoSecretome) and to infer their interactions with human proteins based on the presence of host molecular mimicry elements.FusoSecretome proteins share similar features with known bacterial virulence factors thereby highlighting their pathogenic potential. We show that they interact with human proteins that participate in infection-related cellular processes and localize in established cellular districts of the host-pathogen interface. Our network-based analysis identified 31 functional modules in the human interactome preferentially targeted by 138FusoSecretome proteins, among which we selected 26 as main candidate virulence proteins, representing both putative and known virulence proteins. Finally, 6 of the preferentially targeted functional modules are implicated in the onset and progression of inflammatory bowel diseases and colorectal cancer.Overall, our computational analysis identified candidate virulence proteins potentially involved in theF. nucleatum– human cross-talk in the context of gastrointestinal diseases.
Rigid geometry solves “curse of dimensionality” effects in clustering methods: An application to omics data
Authors: Adachi Shun 
Published: December 2016

AbstractThe quality of samples preserved long term at ultralow temperatures has not been adequately studied. To improve our understanding, we need a strategy to analyze protein degradation and metabolism at subfreezing temperatures. To do this, we obtained liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS) data of calculated protein signal intensities in HEK-293 cells. Our first attempt at directly clustering the values failed, most likely due to the so-called “curse of dimensionality”. The clusters were not reproducible, and the outputs differed with different methods. By utilizing rigid geometry with a prime idealI-adic (p-adic) metric, however, we rearranged the sample clusters into a meaningful and reproducible order, and the results were the same with each of the different clustering methods tested. Furthermore, we have also succeeded in application of this method to expression array data in similar situations. Thus, we eliminated the “curse of dimensionality” from the data set, at least in clustering methods. It is possible that our approach determines a characteristic value of systems that follow a Boltzmann distribution.