bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Denture Use and the Technical Quality of Dental Prostheses Among Persons 18–74 Years of Age: United States, 1988–1991
Authors: Redford M. , Drury T.F. , Kingman A. , Brown L.J. 
Published: July 2017

For persons without all or some of their natural teeth in one or both arches, the use of a complete or partial denture and the quality of the denture used are important aspects of their oral health and functioning. This report of prosthodontic findings from the first three years of the 1988–94 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III-Phase 1) provides estimates of denture use among the US civilian non-institutionalized population 18–74 years of age, as well as seminal information on the technical quality of dental prostheses nationwide. NHANES III-Phase 1 prosthodontic findings indicate that about one in five persons 18–74 years of age wears a removable prosthodontic appliance of some type. Overall, removable prosthodontic appliances are worn disproportionately more often by women than by men, and less frequently by whites than by blacks. Comparisons among race-ethnicity categories indicate that Mexican-Americans are less likely to use dentures than either of their non-Hispanic counterparts. Analyses of prosthodontic evaluation data indicate that approximately 60% of denture users have at least one problem with a denture. These findings from the oral component of NHANES III-Phase 1 provide clear indications that, despite increasing trends in tooth retention, dependence on removable prosthodontic appliances is still a reality of life for millions of Americans.
Paediatric specialist registrars’ views of educational supervision and how it can be improved: A questionnaire study
Authors: Lloyd B W , Becker D 
Published: July 2017

Summary Objectives To determine what paediatric specialist registrars think of the educational supervision they have received and what advice they would give to a consultant who wanted to be a more effective educational supervisor. Design A questionnaire study. Setting The North Thames Deanery, UK. Participants 129 year 3, 4 or 5 paediatric specialist registrars in the North Thames Deanery. Main outcome measures Reported value of educational supervision on a Likert scale; what elements of educational supervision were reported to be most useful; what elements of educational supervision were reported to be done poorly; what advice would specialist registrars give to a consultant who wanted to be a more effective educational supervisor. Results 86/129 specialist registrars responded (67%). The mean score on the Likert scale (0-a complete waste of time; 100-excellent) was 57 with 37% of respondents giving a score of less than 50. The most valued aspects of educational supervision were: feedback on performance-cited by 50 respondents (56% of respondents); career advice-cited by 43 (48%); objective setting-cited by 36 (40%); pastoral support-cited by 25 (28%). Aspects of educational supervision that were reported to be often not done well were: commitment to educational supervision- cited by 44 respondents (49% of respondents); ensuring sessions are bleep-free-cited by 43 (48%); listening rather than talking-cited by 23 (26%); being encouraging-cited by 18 (20%). Advice to consultants about how to improve educational supervision included: listen rather than talk; be encouraging; treat the trainee as an individual with individual needs. Conclusions We can find no other study of trainees’ views about how educational supervision can be improved. Although some trainees found educational supervision very valuable, many did not. Educational supervision should only be carried out by consultants who are committed to the task. An educational supervisor should listen carefully in order to understand the trainee's individual ambitions and needs, should provide specific feedback on performance and should be encouraging.
Vestibular Habituation Training: Exercise Treatment for Vertigo Based upon the Habituation Effect
Authors: Norré M. E. , Beckers A. 
Published: July 2017

Vestibular habituation training is an exercise treatment for postional vertigo based on the assumption that such a type of vertigo can be cured by habituation effect. The latter is produced by repeating the situation eliciting vertigo. In this way the mechanisms of adaptation and compensation ore stimulated, processes of which have been considered “error controlled.” Clinical experience with the vestibular habituation training test battery (consisting of 19 maneuvers) showed that in each particular patient only a limited number of responses were positive in various combinations. Selecting the exercises is then a logical consequence. Followup showed a progressive reduction of the positive cases, as well as the number of positive maneuvers. This is in accordance with the development of compensation as it has been observed in experimental conditions and with the decline of progressive responses observed in habituation experiments.
Improved Preservation of Facial Nerve Function in the Infratemporal Approach to the Skull Base
Authors: Leonetti John P. , Brackmann Derald E. , Prass Richard L. 
Published: July 2017

Although the infratemporal approach described by Fisch provides excellent exposure of the jugular foramen, intrapetrous carotid artery, and lateral skull base, the anterior displacement of the seventh cranial nerve often results In temporary facial paralysis. The use of a modified technique for facial nerve mobilization resulted In significant improvement of both early and final facial function. Since that earlier report, continuous intraoperative electrical facial nerve monitoring has been used during the infratemporal approach in 20 additional cases. Immediate postoperative facial function was normal in 93% of the monitored coses and In 70% of the cases in the unmonitored group. More Importantly, no patients in the monitored group developed grade V or VI weakness after surgery, whereas 48% of the unmonitored patients had grade V or VI weakness during the early postoperative period. This article will describe how intraoperative facial nerve monitoring is used during infratemporal surgery and will compare early facial function in 31 unmonitored patients with early facial function in 20 monitored procedures.
Electrically Stimulated Increases in Cochlear Blood Flow: II. Evidence of Neural Mediation
Authors: Sillman Jonathon S. , Masta Robert I. , LaRouere Michael J. , Nuttall Alfred L. , Miller Josef M. 
Published: July 2017

In a companion paper, we reported that electrical stimulation increased cochlear blood flow (CBF). This response was found to be an increasing function of current intensity and was frequency‐selective, with the best response at approximately 500 Hz continuous sinusoidal current. The present investigation seeks to discover the mechanism of this effect. Direct measurement of cochlear temperature during electrical stimulation revealed no evidence of local heating. Autonomic neuronal activation is not likely, as neither atropine, hexamethonium, nor propranolol abolished the evoked CBF response. Strial activity could be suppressed by the use of furosemide, but the evoked CBF response persisted. Inactivation of auditory afferent neurons with kainic acid also did not change the evoked CBF response. Dimethyl sulfoxide, a potent oxygen‐free radical scavenger, did suppress the evoked CBF response to a small but significant degree. This suggests that oxygen‐free radicals may be produced within the cochlea during electrical stimulation. Finally, the evoked CBF response was completely suppressed by procaine and tetrodotoxin, with recovery of evoked CBF response accompanying recovery of cochlear action potentials. These data indicate that stimulation of neural fibers, distinct from autonomic and auditory afferent neurons, may modulate CBF.
Deferoxamine Decreases Necrosis in Dorsally Based Pig Skin Flaps
Authors: Weinstein Gregory S. , Maves Michael D. , McCormack Michael L. 
Published: July 2017

Deferoxamine, a free radical scavenger and iron chelator, has been shown to improve skin flap survival in ischemic flap surgery in rats. The present study investigates the value of deferoxamine in ischemic flap surgery in the porcine model. Four 4 × 12 cm flaps, 3 cm apart and 3 cm from the dorsal midline, were elevated on each of six female pigs, weighing 50 to 60 pounds each. The animals were divided into two test groups. Group 1 received six 1 gm doses of deferoxamine in 4 ml of sterile water intramuscularly every 6 hours preoperatively for five doses, followed by the administration of 1 g every 6 hours for the first 6 days postoperatively. Group 2 received 4 ml of normal saline administered intramuscularly as above. The percentage of flap necrosis was assessed on postoperative day 7 by the weighing paper technique. Group 1 had 17.1% necrosis and group 2 had 33% necrosis (p < 0.005). Deferoxamine has decreased flap necrosis in the porcine model and may be of use in augmenting the surviving length of flaps in human beings.
Reconstruction of the Lateral Ankle Ligaments with Bone-Patellar Tendon Graft in Patients with Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Sugimoto Kazuya , Takakura Yoshinori , Kumai Tsukasa , Iwai Makoto , Tanaka Yasuhito 
Published: July 2017

Background Unsatisfactory long-term results have been reported after use of a Broström repair for patients with chronic ankle ligament insufficiency. Hypothesis Repair or reconstruction of both the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments is essential for normal kinematics of the ankle-hindfoot. Study Design Case series. Methods Thirteen patients with chronic instability of the ankle were found at operation to have injuries of both the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments, with a lack of healthy ligament margins suitable for suturing. Reconstruction of the ligaments was performed with bone-patellar tendon graft. The score devised by Good et al. was used to assess the patients’ clinical condition before the operation and at final follow-up. Results Before the operation, six patients had a grade 3 clinical condition and seven had a grade 4 condition. At a mean follow-up of 26.5 months, all patients had a grade 1 condition. The average talar tilt of the patients was improved from 18.4° ± 5.5° to 4.9° ± 2.6°, and the average anterior drawer sign was improved from 9.1 ± 2.6 mm to 5.8 ± 1.6 mm. Conclusion In cases of combined injuries, short-term results of reconstruction of the anterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments using bone-split patellar tendon graft were good, with a low frequency of complications.
Humeral Retroversion and Its Relationship to Glenohumeral Rotation in the Shoulder of College Baseball Players
Authors: Reagan K.M. , Meister Keith , Horodyski Mary Beth , Werner Dave W. , Carruthers Cathy , Wilk Kevin 
Published: July 2017

Background Previous studies have documented changes in musculature, bony anatomy, and glenohumeral rotation in the dominant shoulder of baseball players. Hypothesis In a group of asymptomatic college baseball players the total range of motion in the dominant and nondominant shoulders will be similar. Any measured increase in external rotation and decrease in internal rotation occurring between the two sides will be consistent and directly correlate with an increased angle of humeral retroversion in the dominant extremity. Study Design Descriptive anatomic study. Methods Fifty-four asymptomatic college baseball players were examined. Standard measurements of glenohumeral range of motion were made and humeral retroversion was determined radiologically. Results Total rotational motion, measured at 90° of glenohumeral abduction, was 159.5° for the dominant shoulders and 157.8° for the nondominant shoulders. Mean differences in external and internal rotation in the dominant versus nondominant extremities were 9.7° and 8.2°, respectively. Humeral retroversion measured 36.6° ± 9.8° in the dominant and 26° ± 9.4° in the nondominant extremity. The mean difference in retroversion correlated significantly by Pearson's product moment with the difference in external (P = 0.001) and internal (P = 0.003) rotation measurements. Conclusions There is a pattern of increased external rotation and decreased internal rotation in the dominant extremity that significantly correlates with an increase in humeral retroversion. The loss of internal rotation and gains in external rotation may be more strongly related to adaptive changes in proximal humeral anatomy than to changes in the soft tissues.
Radiographic and Histologic Analysis of the Tibial Tunnel after Allograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction in Goats
Authors: Harris N. Lindsay , Indelicato Peter A. , Bloomberg Mark S. , Meister Keith , Wheeler Donna L. 
Published: July 2017

Background Several problems have been reported with use of allogenic grafts in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, including local immune response to allograft tendon within the synovial fluid, delayed maturation and ligamentization, and progressive tibial tunnel enlargement. Hypothesis There is a correlation between the use of allograft and tibial tunnel enlargement. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Twenty healthy adult female goats underwent allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and were followed with serial radiographs at 6-week intervals. Animals were randomly chosen for sacrifice between 18 and 36 weeks for histologic assessment. Results Significant radiographic increases in tunnel size were noted within the first 6 weeks of healing and remained up to 36 weeks with no further remodeling noted. Histologic analysis showed progressive ligamentization of the allografts with tendon-to-tunnel wall biologic fixation with dense connective tissue. Remodeling and incorporation of the bone plug was seen in all cases. The allograft tendon underwent early fibrous attachment within the tunnel and remodeled toward ligament histologic structure. Remodeling and incorporation of the bone plug was seen by 18 weeks. Conclusion Tibial tunnel enlargement, consistent with that seen in humans after allograft anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, did not appear to affect the ultimate incorporation of the allograft on a histologic level.
Arthroscopic Surgery for Isolated Capitellar Osteochondritis Dissecans in Adolescent Baseball Players: Minimum Three-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Byrd J. W. Thomas , Jones Kay S. 
Published: July 2017

Background Osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum of the humerus usually occurs in adolescence and is caused by the valgus forces associated with excessive throwing. Hypothesis Arthroscopic surgery is an appropriate procedure for this condition. Study Design Retrospective cohort study. Methods Arthroscopic surgery was performed on 10 baseball players (average age, 13.8 years) with osteochondritis dissecans whose symptoms had been apparent for an average of 9 months before the operation. Follow-up at an average of 3.9 years included use of a standard rating scale, radiographs, and a questionnaire regarding return to sport. Results There were two grade I, one grade II, two grade IV, and five grade V lesions. Symptoms and objective findings correlated poorly with the grade of the lesion. The postoperative score averaged 195, reflecting excellent results. Radiographically, the primary lesion was still apparent in one patient, secondary degenerative changes were evident in one patient, and, in one patient, the lesion was still evident and degenerative changes had occurred. Only four athletes returned to organized baseball. Conclusions Arthroscopic surgery for symptomatic osteochondritis dissecans of the capitellum in adolescent baseball players can provide excellent rating scores with intermediate follow-up but does not assure return to baseball.
How Four Weeks of Implantation Affect the Strength and Stiffness of a Tendon Graft in a Bone Tunnel
Authors: Singhatat Wamis , Lawhorn Keith W. , Howell Stephen M. , Hull Maury L. 
Published: July 2017

Background For a tendon graft to function as an anterior cruciate ligament, the tendon must heal to the bone tunnel. We studied the effect of 4 weeks of implantation on the strength and stiffness of a tendon in a bone tunnel using two different fixation devices in an ovine model. Hypothesis The type of fixation device in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may affect early healing, which can be measured as the strength and stiffness of a tendon in a bone tunnel. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods An extraarticular tendon graft reconstruction was performed in ovine tibias. The graft was fixed with either a bioresorbable interference screw or a WasherLoc. After 4 weeks of implantation the strength and stiffness of the complex and the tendon graft-bone tunnel interface were determined by incrementally loading specimens to failure. Results For the interference screw, the strength deteriorated 63% and the stiffness deteriorated 40%. For the WasherLoc, the strength was similar and the stiffness improved 136%. Conclusions The type of fixation device determines whether the strength and stiffness of a tendon in a bone tunnel increases or decreases after implantation. Clinical Relevance The pace of rehabilitation may need to be adjusted based on the type of fixation device used to secure a soft tissue graft.
Relevance of Arm Position and Muscle Activity on Three-Dimensional Glenohumeral Translation in Patients with Traumatic and Atraumatic Shoulder Instability
Authors: von Eisenhart-Rothe Ruediger M. O. , Jäger Alwin , Englmeier Karl-Hans , Vogl Thomas J. , Graichen Heiko 
Published: July 2017

Background No quantitative data on glenohumeral translation exist allowing one to distinguish insufficiency of the active or passive stabilizers in different forms of shoulder instability. Hypothesis To determine whether 1) in traumatic or atraumatic shoulder instability an increase of glenohumeral translation can be observed in specific relevant arm positions, 2) muscle activity leads to recentering of the humeral head, and 3) there exist differences between traumatic and atraumatic instability. Study Design Prospective clinical trial. Methods In 12 patients with traumatic and 10 patients with atraumatic instability, both shoulders were examined in different arm positions—with and without muscle activity—by using open magnetic resonance imaging and a three-dimensional postprocessing technique. Results At 90° of abduction and external rotation, translation (anterior-inferior) was significantly higher in patients with traumatic unstable shoulders compared with their contralateral side (3.6 ± 1.5 versus 0.7 ± 1.6 mm). In patients with atraumatic instability, significantly increased translation (4.7 ± 2.0 mm) was observed, with the direction being nonuniform. Muscle activity led to significant recentering in traumatic but not in atraumatic instability. Conclusions In traumatic instability, increased translation was observed only in functionally important arm positions, whereas intact active stabilizers demonstrate sufficient recentering. In atraumatic instability, a decentralized head position was recorded also during muscle activity, suggesting alterations of the active stabilizers. Clinical Relevance Clinical Relevance: These data are relevant for optimizing diagnostics and therapeutic strategies.
Injury to the Anterior Cruciate Ligament during Alpine Skiing
Authors: Hame Sharon L. , Oakes Daniel A. , Markolf Keith L. 
Published: July 2017

Background The anterior cruciate ligament has been shown to be particularly susceptible to injury during alpine skiing. Tibial torque is an important injury mechanism, especially when applied to a fully extended or fully flexed knee. Purpose We wanted to record the forces generated in the anterior cruciate ligament with application of tibial torque to cadaveric knees in different positions. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Thirty-seven fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were instrumented with a tibial load cell that measured resultant force in the anterior cruciate ligament while internal and external tibial torques were applied to the tibia at full extension, 90° of flexion, full flexion, and forced hyperflexion. Results At each knee flexion position, mean force generated by 10 N·m of internal tibial torque was significantly higher than the mean generated by 10 N·m of external tibial torque. Mean forces generated by tibial torque at 90° of flexion were relatively low. During flexion-extension without tibial torque applied mean forces were highest (193 N) when the knee was hyperflexed. Conclusions Application of internal tibial torque to a fully extended or fully flexed knee represents the most dangerous loading condition for injury from twisting falls during skiing. Clinical Relevance Understanding of the mechanisms of falls can be used to design better equipment and to better prevent or treat injury.
Quantitative Assessment of Classic Anteroinferior Bony Bankart Lesions by Radiography and Computed Tomography
Authors: Itoi Eiji , Lee Seok-Beom , Amrami Kimberly K. , Wenger Doris E. , An Kai-Nan 
Published: July 2017

Background An anteroinferior osseous defect of the glenoid rim is sometimes encountered in patients with recurrent anterior dislocations of the shoulder. A defect of more than 21% of the glenoid length is reported to cause instability after Bankart repair. Hypothesis We can estimate the critical size of glenoid defects by using radiography or computed tomography. Study Design A controlled laboratory study. Methods Osseous defects of 0%, 9%, 21%, 34%, and 46% of the glenoid length were created stepwise in 12 cadaveric scapulae, and plain radiographs simulating the axillary and West Point views and computed tomographic images were obtained. The maximum width of the remnant glenoid was measured under each condition and expressed as a percentage of the width of the intact glenoid. Results A 21% defect appeared to be 18.6% of the intact glenoid on the West Point view. With computed tomography, a 21% defect resulted in loss of 50% of the width on a single slice across the lower one-fourth of the glenoid. Conclusions We can estimate the size of a glenoid defect by using the West Point radiographic view or computed tomogram. Clinical Relevance These images gave decisive information as to whether an osseous glenoid defect required bone grafting to achieve stability after Bankart repair.
Injuries among World-Class Professional Beach Volleyball Players
Authors: Bahr Roald , Reeser Jonathan C. 
Published: July 2017

Background Very little is known about the injury characteristics of beach volleyball. Purpose To describe the incidence and pattern of injuries among professional male and female beach volleyball players. Study Design Cohort study–retrospective injury recall and prospective registration. Methods Injuries occurring over a 7.5-week interval of the summer season were retrospectively registered by interviewing 178 of the 188 participating players (95%) in the 2001 Beach Volleyball World Championships. Injuries were also cataloged prospectively during five of the tournaments held during this interval. Results Fifty-four acute injuries was recorded, of which 23 (43%) resulted in 1 or more days of missed practice or competition. The incidence of acute time-loss injuries was estimated to be 3.1 per 1000 competition hours and 0.8 per 1000 training hours. Knee (30%), ankle (17%), and finger injuries (17%) accounted for more than half of all acute time-loss injuries. In addition, 67 players reported 79 overuse injuries for which they received medical attention during the study period. The three most common overuse conditions were low back pain (19%), knee pain (12%), and shoulder problems (10%). Similar results were observed in the prospective portion of the study. Conclusions The rate of acute time-loss injuries in beach volleyball is considerably lower than that in most other team sports, but overuse injuries affecting the low back, knees, and shoulder represent a significant source of disability and impaired performance for professional beach volleyball players.