bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopy of Very Hot Plasma in Non-flaring Parts of a Solar Limb Active Region: Spatial and Temporal Properties
Authors: Parenti Susanna , Zanna Giulio del , Petralia Antonino , Reale Fabio , Teriaca Luca , Testa Paola , Mason Helen E. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
In this work we investigate the thermal structure of an off-limb active region (AR) in various non-flaring areas, as it provides key information on the way these structures are heated. In particular, we concentrate on the very hot component (

>
3

MK

) as it is a crucial element to distinguish between different heating mechanisms. We present an analysis using Fe and Ca emission lines from both the Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation (SUMER) on board the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) and the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS) on board Hinode. A data set covering all ionization stages from Fe x to Fe xix has been used for the thermal analysis (both differential emission measure and emission measure, EM). Ca xiv is used for the SUMER-EIS radiometric cross calibration. We show that the very hot plasma is present and persistent almost everywhere in the core of the limb AR. The off-limb AR is clearly structured in Fe xviii. Almost everywhere, the EM analysis reveals plasma at 10 MK (visible in Fe xix emission), which is down to 0.1% of EM of the main

3

MK

plasma. We estimate the power-law index of the hot tail of the EM to be between −8.5 and −4.4. However, the question about the possible existence of a small minor peak at around

10

MK

remains open. The absence in some part of the AR of the Fe xix and Fe xxiii lines (which fall into our spectral range) enables us to determine an upper limit on the EM at these temperatures. Our results include a new Ca xiv 943.59 Å atomic model.
Le sol et la clé de voûte de la phénoménologie. Phénoménologie et herméneutique catégoriale de Husserl à Heidegger
Authors: Renaudie Pierre-Jean 
Published: August 2017

Heidegger a indiqué à plusieurs reprises l’importance particulière qu’a eue la doctrine husserlienne de l’intuition catégoriale à l’égard non seulement de son propre parcours philosophique, mais également et de façon plus générale pour la pensée phénoménologique en tant que telle. Comme Husserl l’avait fait avant lui, c’est la fonction méthodologique particulière et le rôle fondateur de la théorie des catégories que l’auteur d’ Être et temps met en avant à chaque fois qu’il revient sur son importance eu égard à la découverte d’un champ d’analyse nouveau pour les recherches philo­sophiques, ouvert par la description phénoménologique. Cet article s’efforcera toutefois de montrer que Heidegger et Husserl ne célèbrent pas l’intuition catégoriale pour des raisons identiques. Derrière leur revendication commune du caractère fondamental et fondateur des analyses consacrées aux catégories dans la 6 e	Recherche Logique de Husserl se cache une divergence fondamentale en ce qui concerne le sens de la méthode phénoménologique que cette théorie des catégories est censée fonder. L’analyse de l’usage fait par Husserl et Heidegger de la notion de catégories doit ainsi permettre de mettre en évidence la nature de ce désaccord opposant frontalement leur conception de la phénoménologie. Si l’intuition catégoriale doit constituer le « sol » nécessaire au type particulier d’herméneutique à laquelle doit nous conduire la méthode phénoménologique selon Heidegger, elle représente plutôt pour Husserl la « clé de voûte » garante de la solidité de la description phénoméno­logique des modes d’apparaître des choses, maintenant par-delà le raisonnement analogique qui en avait établi l’existence la tension irréductible devant opposer chez Husserl la sensibilité à l’entendement.
Les premiers notaires de Béziers (dernier tiers du XII e  siècle)
Authors: Débax Hélène 
Published: August 2017

Dans le Midi de la France, les pratiques notariales sont apparues au xii	e  siècle selon des modalités diverses dans chaque ville. L’objet de l’article est d’analyser la naissance du notariat à Béziers, une cité sans consulat, où le pouvoir est détenu conjointement par l’évêque et le vicomte. Ce sont de fait ces deux autorités qui sont à l’origine de la création des premiers notaires, dans un contexte de tensions après l’assassinat du vicomte Raimond Trencavel en 1167. Un beau dossier documente les procédures de nomination des premiers notaires publics grâce à une charte d’institution en 1174, puis un acte de destitution en 1180, avant une nouvelle nomination. On peut y lire les modalités d’attribution de la charge notariale avec un serment et une redevance annuelle. Ces premiers notaires ont laissé plus d’une centaine d’actes de leur pratique qui permettent d’éclairer les procédures du notariat public aux origines, avec une multiplicité des formes de validation (seing manuel, chirographe, sceau) et une uniformisation progressive des formulaires. Le riche corpus d’actes fournit aussi des renseignements précis sur les études en activité à Béziers jusqu’à la fin du xii	e  siècle et sur la fin progressive d’un monopole en faveur d’un seul praticien. La nature de la formation de ces professionnels de l’écrit (les notaires et leurs scribes) reste malheureusement dans l’ombre, ainsi que leur milieu social et la rémunération qu’ils pouvaient tirer de leur activité.
Les pratiques évaluatives d’enseignants en soins infirmiers lors des stages : une étude descriptive qualitative
Authors: Blanchette Patricia , Chouinard Maud-Christine , Gueyaud Jacques-André 
Published: August 2017

Aucune étude recensée n’a permis de dresser le portrait québécois des pratiques évaluatives d’enseignants en soins infirmiers dans le contexte des stages en formation collégiale. Compte tenu de l’importance du stage et de l’évaluation dans la formation de l’étudiant en soins infirmiers, cette étude s’avère justifiée. Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude visant à décrire et comprendre les pratiques évaluatives d’enseignants lors d’évaluations en cours d’apprentissage d’étudiants en stage et leur contexte de réalisation, ainsi qu’à identifier les facteurs influençant ces pratiques. Dans le cadre d’une recherche qualitative descriptive, la collecte des données a reposé principalement sur la description de pratiques rapportées et recueillies lors d’entrevues réalisées auprès de 10 enseignantes en soins infirmiers d’un cégep de la région du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean (SLSJ, Québec, Canada) soit : l’observation directe et indirecte ; les questions posées à l’étudiant et au groupe d’étudiants et la rétroaction individuelle et de groupe. Ils ont aussi permis d’énumérer et de catégoriser les facteurs pouvant influencer ces pratiques, soit les facteurs facilitants, les barrières et les croyances.
Critical Thinking Disposition of Nurse Practitioners in Taiwan
Authors: Hsu Hsiu-Ying , Chang Shu-Chen , Chang Ai-Ling , Chen Shiah-Lian 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Critical thinking disposition (CTD) is crucial for nurse practitioners who face complex patient care scenarios. This study explored the CTD of nurse practitioners and related factors.

Method:
The study was a cross-sectional descriptive design. A purposive sample was recruited from a medical center and its hospital branches in central Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 210 nurse practitioners.

Results:
The participants obtained the highest average score on systematicity and analyticity. CTD had a significant positive correlation with fundamental knowledge readiness, professional knowledge readiness, and confidence in making clinical decisions. Professional knowledge readiness, education level, and on-the-job training predicted the score of the participants on overall CTD.

Conclusion:
On-the-job training and education level may influence the CTD of nurse practitioners. Providing formal or on-the-job continuing education training to nurse practitioners may help enhance their CTD.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(9):425–430.
Effects of an Online Educational Module on School Nurses' Knowledge of HPV Vaccination
Authors: Rhodes Darson , Visker Joseph D. , Cox Carol , Sas Angela , Banez J. Christian 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Results of a previous state-wide survey revealed generally low knowledge levels about HPV vaccination among school nurses in Missouri. A short, online educational module targeted to address the specific low-scoring items was then created.

Method:

All 440 lead school nurses in Missouri were invited by e-mail to participate in an online HPV educational module and study. The e-mail contained a link to the module that included a consent form, a test, and a downloadable completion certificate. The test consisted of 12 multiple choice and true-or-false items based directly on the content contained in the module. An independent samples
t
test was used to determine pre–post differences in mean test scores.

Results:

Scores improved significantly (
p
< .05) pre–post intervention; however, surveillance or epidemiology-related questions were still commonly missed.

Conclusion:
Using brief, targeted, online trainings to improve knowledge of specific health-related content may be a practical option for busy school nurses.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2017;48(9):431–436.
Video Game Vision Syndrome: A New Clinical Picture in Children?
Authors: Rechichi Caterina , De Mojà Gilda , Aragona Pasquale 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To examine a possible relationship between exposure to video games/electronic screens and visual issues in children between 3 and 10 years of age.

Methods:
An observational, cross-sectional study of a population of children using video games was employed. All patients between 3 and 10 years of age were recruited at an outpatient unit accredited by the Italian Regional Health Service. Three hundred twenty children (159 boys and 161 girls; mean age = 6.9 ± 2 years) were observed. Ophthalmological examination included assessment of stereoscopic vision on Lang-Stereotests I and II (LANG-STEREOTEST AG, Küsnacht, Switzerland) and identification of the dominant eye using the Dolman method. Furthermore, a questionnaire was used to record asthenopic symptoms and daily exposure to video games and electronic screens. Two groups of children were examined according to the average amount of time spent playing video games daily: children who played video games for less than 30 minutes per day and not every day (control group) and children who played video games for 30 minutes or more every day (video game group). Both groups were then divided into two subgroups: children using other types of electronic screens (eg, televisions, computers, tablets, and smartphones) for less than 3 hours daily (low electronic use subgroup) and children using other types of electronic screens for 3 hours or more per day (high electronic use subgroup).

Results:
Asthenopia (especially headache, eyelid tic, transient diplopia, and dizziness), absence of fine stereopsis, and refractive errors were statistically more frequent (mainly in the dominant eye) in children in the video game group.

Conclusions:
These symptoms were frequent and peculiar in the video game group and might be part of a video game vision syndrome that has not been defined yet. It is important to recognize these signs as possible functional disorders to avoid erroneous diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(6):346–355.]
Preliminary Study of the Differences in Optic Nerve Head Hemoglobin Measures Between Patients With and Without Childhood Glaucoma
Authors: Perucho-González Lucía , Méndez-Hernández Carmen Dora , González-de-la-Rosa Manuel , Fernández-Pérez Cristina , Sáez-Francés Federico , Andrés-Guerrero Vanesa , García-Feijoó Julián 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:
To evaluate the effectiveness of quantifying color changes in the optic nerve head in retinal photographs of patients with childhood glaucoma.

Methods:
In this observational study, three photographs of the optic nerve head were obtained in 28 patients with childhood glaucoma and 28 age- and sex-matched healthy participants (the childhood glaucoma and control groups, respectively). The Laguna Optic Nerve Head Hemoglobin (ONhE) software (Insoft SL, Tenerife, Spain) was used to determine hemoglobin levels in the optic nerve head. The following parameters were quantified: the hemoglobin levels in the optic nerve head across the whole disc, in 24 sectors (the optic nerve head divided by two concentric rings and eight 45-degree radial sectors), and in the vertical disc diameter (sectors 8 and 20), and the estimated cup–disc ratio and Glaucoma Discriminant Function, which combines the slope of the hemoglobin amount with the mean vertical disc diameter.

Results:

Patient ages ranged from 9 to 14 years (median: 11 years) in the childhood glaucoma group, and 7 to 13 years (median: 9 years) in the control group (
P
< .061). Eyes in the childhood glaucoma group showed a significantly higher cup–disc ratio compared to eyes in the control group (0.6 ± 0.2 vs 0.5 ± 0.1, respectively;
P
< .0001). In the childhood glaucoma group, the Glaucoma Discriminant Function was found to be significantly lower than in the control group (−6.5 ± 31.1 vs 9.4 ± 17.1, respectively;
P
< .0001). There were no significant differences in the hemoglobin levels in the optic nerve head across the whole disc between eyes in the childhood glaucoma and control groups (58.2% ± 10.9% vs 58.5% ± 6.7%, respectively;
P
= .847). The Laguna ONhE software showed good reproducibility in measuring percentages of hemoglobin levels in both groups.

Conclusions:
The Laguna ONhE software is useful for patients with childhood glaucoma. However, hemoglobin levels in the optic nerve head across the whole disc may have normal values. This method had good reliability and is easy to implement in routine clinical practice.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(6):387–394.]
Integrated STAT3 and Ikaros Zinc Finger Transcription Factor Activities Regulate Bcl-6 Expression in CD4+ Th Cells
Authors: Read Kaitlin A. , Powell Michael D. , Baker Chandra E. , Sreekumar Bharath K. , Ringel-Scaia Veronica M. , Bachus Holly , Martin R. Emily , Cooley Ian D. , Allen Irving C. , Ballesteros-Tato Andre , Oestreich Kenneth J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractB cell lymphoma-6 (Bcl-6) is a transcriptional repressor that is required for the differentiation of T follicular helper (TFH) cell populations. Currently, the molecular mechanisms underlying the transcriptional regulation of Bcl-6 expression are unclear. In this study, we have identified the Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors Aiolos and Ikaros as novel regulators of Bcl-6. We found that increased expression of Bcl-6 in CD4+ Th cell populations correlated with enhanced enrichment of Aiolos and Ikaros at the Bcl6 promoter. Furthermore, overexpression of Aiolos or Ikaros, but not the related family member Eos, was sufficient to induce Bcl6 promoter activity. Intriguingly, STAT3, a known Bcl-6 transcriptional regulator, physically interacted with Aiolos to form a transcription factor complex capable of inducing the expression of Bcl6 and the TFH-associated cytokine receptor Il6ra. Importantly, in vivo studies revealed that the expression of Aiolos was elevated in Ag-specific TFH cells compared with that observed in non-TFH effector Th cells generated in response to influenza infection. Collectively, these data describe a novel regulatory mechanism through which STAT3 and the Ikaros zinc finger transcription factors Aiolos and Ikaros cooperate to regulate Bcl-6 expression.
A Plant-Derived Nucleic Acid Reconciles Type I IFN and a Pyroptotic-like Event in Immunity against Respiratory Viruses
Authors: Kasumba Dacquin M. , Hajake Takara , Oh Seong-Wook , Kotenko Sergei V. , Kato Hiroki , Fujita Takashi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Nucleic acids carrying pathogen-associated molecular patterns trigger innate immune responses and are used to activate host immunity. Although synthetic nucleic acids have been used for that purpose, they have shown limitations for in vivo and clinical applications. To address this issue, we tested a naturally occurring dsRNA extracted from rice bran (rb-dsRNA) and characterized it as a potent ligand of TLR3 and MDA5. In this study, intranasal administration of rb-dsRNA induced production of type I IFNs by alveolar macrophages and protected mice from morbidity and mortality resulting from respiratory virus infection, such as influenza A virus. This protection was completely absent in mice lacking both TRIF and MDA5, indicating the essential role of TLR3- and MDA5-dependent pathways. Interestingly, IFNAR1-deficient mice retained residual antiviral protection, which was abolished by pharmacological inhibition of caspase 1, but not IL-1β signaling. In fact, rb-dsRNA activated caspase 1 via TRIF, resulting in the release of IL-1β and LDH. In addition to the direct antiviral activity, rb-dsRNA modulated the immune cell population in the lungs by repopulating virus-depleted alveolar macrophages. Our data demonstrate that rb-dsRNA orchestrates IFN-dependent and -independent direct antiviral protection and that it is a potent immune stimulator modulating antiviral immunity in the lungs. These findings open doors to a range of precise immune-modulating studies and therapeutic options.
Motivational factors affecting informal women entrepreneurs in North-West Province
Authors: Henning Sanchen , Akoob Kabira 
Published: August 2017

Background: Informal women entrepreneurs in the rural villages of North-West strive to progress from poverty to prosperity. There is a growing appreciation that the conditions that support women’s ability to start and grow ventures may be different from those that help men and therefore there is a need to examine the motivational factors affecting women’s enterprise development.Aim: The study aimed to identify the motivational factors of women in the Mahikeng area to start informal enterprises, the barriers they experience and their developmental business needs.Setting: The study focussed on informal women entrepreneurs in the rural villages of Mahikeng in the North-West province.Methods: In total, 80 face-to-face questionnaires were completed with women entrepreneurs. A principal component analysis of 15 items of the total questionnaire was performed on the data to determine which items could be reduced and transformed into new components.Results: ‘Destitute conditions’, ‘Entrepreneurial Spirit’ and ‘Passion for Product’ emerged as the three underlying motivational factors. The component ‘Destitute conditions’ was ranked as the most important reason for starting an informal business. The need to transcend impoverished conditions (a push factor) and the need for self-determination (a pull factor) were almost equally strong amongst the 80 participants. ‘Lack of financial and business skills’ was ranked as the biggest obstacle to keeping the business running. Ninety-one per cent of the women entrepreneurs reported that they had never received any training from the government or the private sector.Conclusions: Access to basic infrastructure, training, funding and business networks will enable self-efficacy behaviour of women entrepreneurs in the Mahikeng district to move beyond poverty. Recommendations included the establishment of a regional database of informal women entrepreneurs, the improvement of basic facilities and infrastructure and access to microloans as well as training by the formal sector.
SUstaiNability: a science communication website on environmental research
Authors: Gravina Teresita , Muselli Maurizio , Ligrone Roberto , Rutigliano Flora Angela 
Published: August 2017

Abstract. Social networks enable anyone to publish potentially boundless amounts of information. However, such information is also highly prone to creating and/or diffusing mistakes and misunderstandings in scientific issues. In 2013 we produced a website (www.sunability.unina2.it) reporting on some research outputs from the University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli (formerly the Second University of Naples, SUN), and shared it on Facebook and Twitter to analyse the effectiveness of these platforms in scientific dissemination. The study results suggest that (i) a regular update of the website stimulates the user's interest, (ii) Campania's citizens are more concerned with pollution problems than natural hazards, and (iii) direct involvement of researchers effectively enhances web-mediated scientific dissemination.
Establishing an Accuracy Basis for the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS)
Authors: Burdette Carolyn Q , Camara Johanna E , Nalin Federica , Pritchett Jeanita , Sander Lane C , Carter Graham D , Jones Julia , Betz Joseph M , Sempos Christopher T , Wise Stephen A 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Until recently, the Vitamin D External Quality Assessment Scheme (DEQAS) assessed the performance of various assays for the determination of serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] by using a consensus mean based on the all-laboratory trimmed mean (ALTM) of the approximately 1000 participants' results. Since October 2012, the National Institute of Standardsand Technology (NIST), as part of the Vitamin D Standardization Program, has participated in DEQAS by analyzing the quarterly serum sample sets using an isotope dilution LC-tandem MS (ID LC-MS/MS) reference measurement procedure to assign an accuracy-based target value for serum total 25(OH)D. NIST has analyzed90 DEQAS samples (18 exercises × 5 samples/exercise) to assign target values. The NIST-assigned values are compared with the ALTM and the biases assessed for various assays used by the participants, e.g., LC-MS/MS, HPLC, and several ligand-binding assays. The NIST-value assignment process and the resultsof the analyses of the 90 DEQAS samples are summarized. The absolute mean bias between the NIST-assignedvalues and the ALTM was 5.6%, with 10% of the samples having biases &gt;10%. Benefits of the accuracy-based target values are presented, including for sample sets with high concentrations of 25(OH)D2 and 3-epi-25(OH)D3.