bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of the revised Atlanta and determinant-based classifications for severity in acute pancreatitis
Authors: Bansal S S , Hodson J , Sutcliffe R S , Marudanayagam R , Muiesan P , Mirza D F , Isaac J , Roberts K J 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
Severity classification systems aim to stratify patients with acute pancreatitis reliably into coherent risk groups. Recently, the Atlanta 1992 classification has been revised (Atlanta 2012) and a novel determinant-based classification (DBC) system developed. This study assessed the ability of the three systems to stratify disease severity among patients with acute pancreatitis.

Methods
This was an observational cohort study of patients with acute pancreatitis identified from an institutional database. Cohort characteristics, investigations, interventions and outcomes were identified. Systems were compared using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Spearman's correlation coefficients.

Results
The in-hospital mortality rate was 6·6 per cent (15 of 228 patients). All of the outcomes considered correlated significantly with the three systems, with the exception of the need for surgery in Atlanta 1992. Atlanta 2012 and the DBC had higher area under the curve (AUC) values than Atlanta 1992 for all outcomes. The revised Atlanta and DBC systems both performed similarly with regard to ICU admission (AUC 0·927 and 0·917 respectively; both P &lt; 0·001), need for percutaneous drainage (AUC 0·879 and 0·891; both P &lt; 0·001), need for surgery (AUC 0·827 and 0·845; P = 0·006 and P = 0·004 respectively) and in-hospital mortality (0·955 and 0·931; both P &lt; 0·001). However, the critical category in the DBC system identified patients with the most severe disease; seven of eight patients in this group died in hospital, compared with 15 of 34 with severe pancreatitis according to Atlanta 2012.

Conclusion
The Atlanta 2012 and DBC perform equally well for classification of disease severity in acute pancreatitis. The addition of a critical category in the DBC identifies patients with the most severe disease.
pH monitoring of gastro-oesophageal reflux before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Thereaux J , Barsamian C , Bretault M , Dusaussoy H , Lamarque D , Bouillot J-L , Czernichow S , Carette C 
Published: January 2016

Abstract

Background
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a common obesity-related co-morbidity that is assessed objectively by 24-h pH monitoring. Some concerns have been raised regarding the risk of de novo GORD or exacerbation of pre-existing GORD after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Here, 24-h pH monitoring was used to assess the influence of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy on postoperative GORD in obese patients with or without preoperative GORD.

Methods
From July 2012 to September 2014, all patients scheduled for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were invited to participate in a prospective follow-up. Patients who underwent preoperative 24-h pH monitoring were asked to repeat the examination 6 months after operation. GORD was defined as an oesophageal pH &lt; 4 for at least 4·2 per cent of the total time recorded.

Results
Of 89 patients, 76 had preoperative pH monitoring for GORD evaluation and 50 had postoperative reassessment. Patients without (group 1, 29 patients) or with (group 2, 21 patients) preoperative GORD were similar regarding age, sex ratio and body mass index. In group 1, the median (i.q.r.) total time at pH &lt; 4 was significantly higher after surgery than before: 5·6 (2·5–9·5) versus 1·6 (0·7–2·9) per cent (P &lt; 0·001). Twenty of the 29 patients experienced de novo GORD as determined by 24-h pH monitoring (P &lt; 0·001). In group 2, total time at pH &lt; 4 after surgery was no different from the preoperative value: 5·9 (3·9–10·7) versus 7·7 (5·2–10·3) per cent (P = 0·296).

Conclusion
Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy was associated with de novo GORD in over two-thirds of patients, but did not seem to exacerbate existing GORD.
A time and motion study of subcutaneous versus intravenous trastuzumab in patients with HER2‐positive early breast cancer
Authors: De Cock Erwin , Pivot Xavier , Hauser Nik , Verma Sunil , Kritikou Persefoni , Millar Douglas , Knoop Ann 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWithin PrefHer (NCT01401166), patients and healthcare professionals (HCPs) preferred subcutaneous (SC) over intravenous (IV) trastuzumab. We undertook a prospective, observational time and motion study to quantify patients’ time in infusion chairs and active HCP time in PrefHer. Patients with HER2‐positive early breast cancer received four adjuvant cycles of SC trastuzumab (600 mg fixed dose via SC single‐use injection device [SID, Cohort 1] or SC handheld syringe [HHS, Cohort 2]) then four cycles of standard IV trastuzumab or the reverse sequence. Generic case report forms for IV and SC management, both in the treatment room and the drug preparation area, were tailored to reflect center practices. Patient chair time and active HCP time were recorded. We compared pooled Cohort 1 + 2 IV with Cohort 1 SC SID and Cohort 2 SC HHS mean times across eight countries and individually within them utilizing a random intercept generalized linear mixed‐effects model. Per session, the SC SID saved a mean of 57 min of patient chair time versus IV (range across countries: 47–86; P < 0.0001); the SC HHS saved 55 min (40–81; P < 0.0001). Active HCP time was reduced by a mean of 13 min per session with the SC SID (range across countries: 4–16; P < 0.0001) and 17 min with the SC HHS (5–28; P < 0.0001) versus IV. SC trastuzumab, delivered via SID or HHS, saved patient chair and active HCP times versus IV infusion, supporting a transition to either SC method.
How to Avoid Foam Formation in Biogas Plants by Coarse Grain Anaerobic Digestion
Authors: Moeller Lucie , Krieg Frederike , Zehnsdorf Andreas , Müller Roland Arno 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe grain used in biogas production is generally coarse grain. However, the anaerobic digestion of coarse grain often leads to excessive foam formation in biogas reactors. Comprehensive foaming experiments using six sample grain species, namely, triticale, wheat, rye, barley, oats, and millet, were carried out in order to investigate the reasons for grain‐based foam formation and to develop methods for minimizing foaming problems. It was found that the intensity of foam formation depended not only on the grain species, but also on the processing of the coarse grain: the finer the grain was ground, the higher the foam content in the test bottles. The most intensive foam formation was observed for wheat and triticale. The addition of soybean oil to coarse grain led to a reduction in foam intensity.
Evaluation of Electrolyte Additives for High‐Temperature Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells
Authors: Mack Florian , Galbiati Samuele , Gogel Viktor , Jörissen Ludwig , Zeis Roswitha 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this study, perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids CF3PO3H2 and C2F5PO3H2 are investigated as additives to phosphoric acid to improve the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) of high‐temperature polymer electrolyte (PEM) fuel cells. A comprehensive characterization of acid mixtures composed of 20 wt % additive and 80 wt % concentrated phosphoric acid is presented, ranging from ex situ measurements to in situ tests in operating high‐temperature PEM fuel cells. CF3PO3H2 and C2F5PO3H2 additives exhibit excellent thermal stability and are found to improve the wetting of the electrode. The fuel cell's output power increases consistently (240/270 mW cm−2 vs. 180 mW cm−2), owing to a decrease in the oxygen reduction reaction charge‐transfer resistance.
Formation and Reactivity of Organo‐Functionalized Tin Selenide Clusters
Authors: Rinn Niklas , Eußner Jens P. , Kaschuba Willy , Xie Xiulan , Dehnen Stefanie 
Published: January 2016

AbstractReactions of R1SnCl3 (R1=CMe2CH2C(O)Me) with (SiMe3)2Se yield a series of organo‐functionalized tin selenide clusters, [(SnR1)2SeCl4] (1), [(SnR1)2Se2Cl2] (2), [(SnR1)3Se4Cl] (3), and [(SnR1)4Se6] (4), depending on the solvent and ratio of the reactants used. NMR experiments clearly suggest a stepwise formation of 1 through 4 by subsequent condensation steps with the concomitant release of Me3SiCl. Furthermore, addition of hydrazines to the keto‐functionalized clusters leads to the formation of hydrazone derivatives, [(Sn2(μ‐R3)(μ‐Se)Cl4] (5, R3=[CMe2CH2CMe(NH)]2), [(SnR2)3Se4Cl] (6, R2=CMe2CH2C(NNH2)Me), [(SnR4)3Se4][SnCl3] (7, R4=CMe2CH2C(NNHPh)Me), [(SnR2)4Se6] (8), and [(SnR4)4Se6] (9). Upon treatment of 4 with [Cu(PPh3)3Cl] and excess (SiMe3)2Se, the cluster fragments to form [(R1Sn)2Se2(CuPPh3)2Se2] (10), the first discrete Sn/Se/Cu cluster compound reported in the literature. The derivatization reactions indicate fundamental differences between organotin sulfide and organotin selenide chemistry.
Water‐Soluble Luminescent Hybrid Composites Consisting of Oligosilsesquioxanes and Lanthanide Complexes and their Sensing Ability for Cu2+
Authors: Xu Qianqian , Li Zhiqiang , Li Huanrong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWater‐soluble hybrid composites with great potential for selective and sensitive sensing and that are obtained through simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly methods are highly desirable and remain a challenging task. Herein, we present luminescent hybrid composites that were realized by linking Na3[Ln(dpa)3] (dpa=2,6‐pyridinedicarboxylic acid) to octa‐amino functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS‐NH2) through hydrogen‐bonding interactions between the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups of dpa and the hydrogen‐bond‐donor amino groups. The resulting hybrid composites Ln(dpa)3@POSS‐NH2 are highly soluble in aqueous solutions and the quantum yield of Eu(dpa)3@POSS‐NH2 is as high as 56.5 % or 46.3 % in the solid state and in aqueous solution, respectively, as determined by using the integrating sphere method. The novel water‐soluble luminescent hybrid composites exhibit high thermal and photostability, and the emitted colors of the resulting hybrid composite can be finely tuned by changing the Eu3+/Tb3+ ratio. Interestingly, Eu(dpa)3@POSS‐NH2 hybrid composites exhibited an effective switch‐off fluorescence response to Cu2+ over other common metal ions in aqueous media.
Asymmetric Brønsted Base Catalyzed and Directed [3+2] Cycloaddition of 2‐Acyl Cycloheptatrienes with Azomethine Ylides
Authors: Lauridsen Vibeke H. , Ibsen Lise , Blom Jakob , Jørgensen Karl Anker 
Published: January 2016

AbstractConjugated cyclic trienes have the potential for different types of cycloaddition reactions. In the present work, we will, in a novel asymmetric cycloaddition reaction, demonstrate that the organocatalytic reaction of 2‐acyl cycloheptatrienes with azomethine ylides proceeds as a [3+2] cycloaddition, which is in contrast to the Lewis acid‐catalyzed reaction, in which a [3+6] cycloaddition takes place. In the presence of a chiral organosuperbase, 2‐acyl cycloheptatrienes react in a highly enantioselective manner in the [3+2] cycloaddition with azomethine ylides, providing the 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition product in high yields and up to 99 % ee. It is also shown that the diene formed by the reaction can undergo stereoselective dihydroxylation, bromination, and cycloaddition reactions. Finally, based on experimental observations, some mechanistic considerations are discussed.
Effect of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning in Oncology Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: Rationale and Design of the ERIC‐ONC Study—A Single‐Center, Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Chung Robin , Maulik Angshuman , Hamarneh Ashraf , Hochhauser Daniel , Hausenloy Derek J. , Walker J. Malcolm , Yellon Derek M. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTCancer survival continues to improve, and thus cardiovascular consequences of chemotherapy are increasingly important determinants of long‐term morbidity and mortality. Conventional strategies to protect the heart from chemotherapy have important hemodynamic or myelosuppressive side effects. Remote ischemic conditioning (RIC) using intermittent limb ischemia‐reperfusion reduces myocardial injury in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention. Anthracycline cardiotoxicity and ischemia‐reperfusion injury share common biochemical pathways in cardiomyocytes. The potential for RIC as a novel treatment to reduce subclinical myocyte injury in chemotherapy has never been explored and will be investigated in the Effect of Remote Ischaemic Conditioning in Oncology (ERIC‐ONC) trial (clinicaltrials.gov NCT 02471885). The ERIC‐ONC trial is a single‐center, blinded, randomized, sham‐controlled study. We aim to recruit 128 adult oncology patients undergoing anthracycline‐based chemotherapy treatment, randomized in a 1:1 ratio into 2 groups: (1) sham procedure or (2) RIC, comprising 4, 5‐minute cycles of upper arm blood pressure cuff inflations and deflations, immediately before each cycle of chemotherapy. The primary outcome measure, defining cardiac injury, will be high‐sensitivity troponin‐T over 6 cycles of chemotherapy and 12 months follow‐up. Secondary outcome measures will include clinical, electrical, structural, and biochemical endpoints comprising major adverse cardiovascular clinical events, incidence of cardiac arrhythmia over 14 days at cycle 5/6, echocardiographic ventricular function, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide levels at 3 months follow‐up, and changes in mitochondrial DNA, micro‐RNA, and proteomics after chemotherapy. The ERIC‐ONC trial will determine the efficacy of RIC as a novel, noninvasive, nonpharmacological, low‐cost cardioprotectant in cancer patients undergoing anthracycline‐based chemotherapy.
Different Binding Modes of Small and Large Binders of GAT1
Authors: Wein Thomas , Petrera Marilena , Allmendinger Lars , Höfner Georg , Pabel Jörg , Wanner Klaus T. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWell‐known inhibitors of the γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) transporter GAT1 share a common scaffold of a small cyclic amino acid linked by an alkyl chain to a moiety with two aromatic rings. Tiagabine, the only FDA‐approved GAT1 inhibitor, is a typical example. Some small amino acids such as (R)‐nipecotic acid are medium‐to‐strong binders of GAT1, but similar compounds, such as proline, are very weak binders. When substituted with 4,4‐diphenylbut‐3‐en‐1‐yl (DPB) or 4,4‐bis(3‐methylthiophen‐2‐yl)but‐3‐en‐1‐yl (BTB) groups, the resulting compounds have similar pKi and pIC50 values, even though the pure amino acids have very different values. To investigate if small amino acids and their substituted counterparts share a similar binding mode, we synthesized butyl‐, DPB‐, and BTB‐substituted derivatives of small amino acids. Supported by the results of docking studies, we propose different binding modes not only for unsubstituted und substituted, but also for strong‐ and weak‐binding amino acids. These data lead to the conclusion that following a fragment‐based approach, not pure but N‐butyl‐substituted amino acids should be used as starting points, giving a better estimate of the activity when a BTB or DPB substituent is added.
Hitting a Moving Target: How Does an N‐Methyl Group Impact Biological Activity?
Authors: Koay Yen Chin , Richardson Nicole L. , Zaiter Samantha S. , Kho Jessica , Nguyen Sheena Y. , Tran Daniel H. , Lee Ka Wai , Buckton Laura K. , McAlpine Shelli R. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractMacrocycles have several advantages over small‐molecule drugs when it comes to addressing specific protein–protein interactions as therapeutic targets. Herein we report the synthesis of seven new cyclic peptide molecules and their biological activity. These macrocycles were designed to understand how moving an N‐methyl moiety around the peptide backbone impacts biological activity. Because the lead non‐methylated structure inhibits the oncogenic regulator heat‐shock protein 90 (Hsp90), two of the most potent analogues were evaluated for their Hsp90 inhibitory activity. We show that incorporating an N‐methyl moiety controls the conformation of the macrocycle, which dramatically impacts cytotoxicity and binding affinity for Hsp90. Thus, the placement of an N‐methylated amino acid within a macrocycle generates an unpredictable change to the compound's conformation and hence biological activity.
Monitoring the Intracellular Distribution and ROS Scavenging Potential of Carbon Dot–Cerium Oxide Nanocomposites in Fibroblast Cells
Authors: Sachdev Abhay , Gopinath P. 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn the present work, cerium oxide (CeO2)‐based nanocomposites integrating fluorescent carbon dots (CDs) were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The formation and cellular uptake of these nanocomposites was studied by various analytical techniques. The therapeutic and imaging aspects of CDs‐CeO2 nanocomposites were validated using NIH3T3 fibroblast cells as a model system. The antioxidant potency of CDs‐CeO2 nanocomposites was also evaluated in cells treated with H2O2, a major reactive oxygen species (ROS) species, using a 2′,7′‐dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH‐DA) assay. Tracking the intracellular fluorescence of CDs‐CeO2 nanocomposites by microscopy and flow cytometry made it possible to examine the capabilities of CeO2 for abatement of H2O2‐mediated oxidative stress. Taken together, the present study motivates the use of therapeutic nanocomposites whilst monitoring their uptake, which holds clinical relevance for ROS‐related diseases.
Extensive juvenile “babysitting” facilitates later adult maternal responsiveness, decreases anxiety, and increases dorsal raphe tryptophan hydroxylase‐2 expression in female laboratory rats
Authors: Harding Kaitlyn M. , Lonstein Joseph S. 
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACTPregnancy and parturition can dramatically affect female neurobiology and behavior. This is especially true for laboratory‐reared rodents, in part, because such rearing prevents a host of developmental experiences that females might undergo in nature, including juvenile alloparenting. We examined the effect of chronic exposure to pups during post‐weaning juvenile life (days 22–36) on adult maternal responsiveness, anxiety‐related behaviors, and dorsal raphe tryptophan hydroxylase‐2 (TPH2) and serotonin transporter (SERT) levels in nulliparous rats. Adult females with juvenile alloparental experience showed significantly faster sensitized maternal responsiveness, less anxiety, and more dorsal raphe TPH2. Juvenile alloparenting did not affect females’ later social novelty and preference behaviors toward adults, suggesting their increased interest in pups did not extend to all social partners. In a second experiment, suckling a pregnant dam (achieved by postpartum estrus reinsemination), interacting with her after standard laboratory weaning age, and a 3‐day exposure to younger siblings also reduced juvenile females’ later anxiety but did not affect maternal responsiveness or TPH2. Thus, extensive juvenile “babysitting” can have long‐term effects reminiscent of pregnancy and parturition on maternal responsiveness and anxiety, and these effects may be driven by upregulated serotonin. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 492–508, 2016.
Response of pest control by generalist predators to local‐scale plant diversity: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Dassou Anicet Gbèblonoudo , Tixier Philippe 
Published: January 2016

AbstractDisentangling the effects of plant diversity on the control of herbivores is important for understanding agricultural sustainability. Recent studies have investigated the relationships between plant diversity and arthropod communities at the landscape scale, but few have done so at the local scale. We conducted a meta‐analysis of 32 papers containing 175 independent measures of the relationship between plant diversity and arthropod communities. We found that generalist predators had a strong positive response to plant diversity, that is, their abundance increased as plant diversity increased. Herbivores, in contrast, had an overall weak and negative response to plant diversity. However, specialist and generalist herbivores differed in their response to plant diversity, that is, the response was negative for specialists and not significant for generalists. While the effects of scale remain unclear, the response to plant diversity tended to increase for specialist herbivores, but decrease for generalist herbivores as the scale increased. There was no clear effect of scale on the response of generalist predators to plant diversity. Our results suggest that the response of herbivores to plant diversity at the local scale is a balance between habitat and trophic effects that vary according to arthropod specialization and habitat type. Synthesis and applications. Positive effects of plant diversity on generalist predators confirm that, at the local scale, plant diversification of agroecosystems is a credible and promising option for increasing pest regulation. Results from our meta‐analysis suggest that natural control in plant‐diversified systems is more likely to occur for specialist than for generalist herbivores. In terms of pest management, our results indicate that small‐scale plant diversification (via the planting of cover crops or intercrops and reduced weed management) is likely to increase the control of specialist herbivores by generalist predators.
Globalisation and global concern: Developing a social psychology of human responses to global challenges
Authors: Reese Gerhard , Rosenmann Amir , McGarty Craig 
Published: January 2016

AbstractThe process of globalisation has gained tremendous momentum over recent decades, resulting in unprecedented human interconnectedness and awareness of global concerns. The current special issue of the European Journal of Social Psychology brings together 10 papers that address this development. This special issue showcases different perspectives on the psychological processes that underlie the cognitive and behavioural responses to the global challenges humankind has created and is now facing. In introducing these contributions, we identified three emerging topics for social psychological theorising and application vis‐à‐vis globalisation and global concerns: (i) supranational identification and attachment, (ii) political and ideological responses to globalisation and global concerns, and (iii) global protest and change. We integrate these topics by highlighting some future prospects of this emerging field of research and its significance for understanding social change in these tumultuous times.