bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anterior hip pain in the adult: an algorithmic approach to diagnosis
Authors: Mansour E. Shawn , Steingard Michael A. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
The adult patient who complains of anterior hip pain is a dilemma frequently encountered by the primary care physician. Detailed history taking, physical examination, and plain x-ray films are indicated for the initial evaluation. Anterior hip pain is often diagnosed as musculoskeletal strain/sprain and treated with a conservative regimen represented by the acronym NICER (nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, ice, compression, elevation, and rest) with or without physical therapy. On occasion, this therapy fails to eradicate the symptoms. When these symptoms are refractory to diagnosis by conventional means, a more comprehensive evaluation of the etiology is warranted. Refractory pain is defined in the authors' practice as pain that persists after 4 weeks of initial conservative management. This subsequent evaluation includes the use of such laboratory tests as complete blood cell count with differential count, Chern 20 health profile, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and an arthritic panel (assessment of rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibody, C-reactive protein). Ancillary radiologic tests warranted include a nuclear bone scan, a magnetic resonance imaging scan, a computed tomography arthrogram with hip aspiration, and/or a scan of white blood cells labeled with indium 111. The test chosen depends on the etiology most suspected. A useful diagnostic algorithm for the investigation of anterior hip pain in the adult is provided. An illustrative case presentation of carcinoma of an unknown primary site presenting as anterior hip pain demonstrates the algorithm as it applies in the authors' practice.
Focal atrophy and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea
Authors: Ator Clark B. , Toffol. Gilbert J. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
Focal atrophy is a diagnosis of exclusion in nontraumatic cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea. It is most commonly associated with ethmoid or sphenoid sinus defects and is most prevalent in women between the ages of 30 and 40 years. In the unique case described, a 39-year old woman had focal atrophy and cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea secondary to a sphenoid sinus defect. The defect was diagnosed by computed tomography scans and repaired neurosurgically.
DDAH1 mediates gastric cancer cell invasion and metastasis via Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway
Authors: Ye Jianxin , Xu Jie , Li Yun , Huang Qiang , Huang Jinsheng , Wang Jinzhou , Zhong Wenjing , Lin Xinjian , Chen Wannan , Lin Xu 
Published: June 2017

Gastric cancer (GC) represents the fourth most common malignant neoplasm and the second leading cause of cancer death. Despite therapeutic advances in recent decades, the clinical outcome remains dismal owing to the fact that most patients with GC show advanced disease at diagnosis and current chemotherapy only confers a modest survival advantage. Identification of key molecular signaling pathways involved in gastric carcinogenesis and progression would aid in early diagnosis and provide a rational design for targeted therapies in selected patients with advanced GC, to improve their outcome. Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 (DDAH1) is the main enzyme that can degrade asymmetric dimethylarginine, an endogenous nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor. Increased DDAH1 expression and NO production have been linked to multiple pathological conditions including cancer. However, the prognostic significance of DDAH1 in patients with GC and its function in GC progression remain undefined. In this study, we found that downregulation of DDAH1 was frequently detected in GC tissues and strongly correlated with more aggressive phenotypes and poor prognosis. Functional assays confirmed that forced expression of DDAH1 in the GC cells suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as metastatic potential in vivo. DDAH1 overexpression inhibited the epithelial–mesenchymal transition process by increasing β‐catenin degradation through the attenuation of Wnt/GSK‐3β signaling. In contrast, knockdown of DDAH1 produced the opposite effect. These findings suggest that DDAH1 functions as a tumor suppressor in GC and may be exploited as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for GC.
Retracted:HBx‐mediated decrease of AIM2 contributes to hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis
Authors: Chen Shi‐Lu , Liu Li‐Li , Lu Shi‐Xun , Luo Rong‐Zhen , Wang Chun‐Hua , Wang Hong , Cai Shao‐Hang , Yang Xia , Xie Dan , Zhang Chris Zhiyi , Yun Jing‐Ping 
Published: June 2017

Tumor metastasis is responsible for the high mortality rates in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) has been implicated in inflammation and carcinogenesis, although its role in HCC metastasis remains unknown. In the present study, we show that AIM2 protein expression was noticeably reduced in HCC cell lines and clinical samples. A reduction in AIM2 was closely associated with higher serum AFP levels, vascular invasion, poor tumor differentiation, an incomplete tumor capsule and unfavorable postsurgical survival odds. In vitro studies demonstrated that AIM2 expression was modulated by hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) at transcriptional and post‐translational levels. HBx overexpression markedly blocked the expression of AIM2 at mRNA and protein levels by enhancing the stability of Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2). Furthermore, HBx interacted with AIM2, resulting in an increase of AIM2 degradation via ubiquitination induction. Functionally, knockdown of AIM2 enhanced cell migration, formation of cell pseudopodium, wound healing and tumor metastasis, whereas reintroduction of AIM2 attenuated these functions. The loss of AIM2 induced the activation of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT). Fibronectin 1 (FN1) was found to be a downstream effector of AIM2, with its expression reversely modulated by AIM2. Silencing of FN1 significantly halted cell migration induced by AIM2 depletion. These data demonstrate that HBx‐induced loss of AIM2 is associated with poor outcomes and facilitates HCC metastasis by triggering the EMT process. The results of the present study therefore suggest that AIM2 is a potential prognostic biomarker in hepatitis B virus‐related HCC, as well as a possible therapeutic target for tumor metastasis.
Acoustic characterization of crack damage evolution in sandstone deformed under conventional and true triaxial loading
Authors: Browning J. , Meredith P. G. , Stuart C. E. , Healy D. , Harland S. , Mitchell T. M. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe present a comparative study of crack damage evolution in dry sandstone under both conventional (σ1 > σ2 = σ3), and true triaxial (σ1 > σ2 > σ3) stress conditions using results from measurements made on cubic samples deformed in three orthogonal directions with independently controlled stress paths. To characterize crack damage, we measured the changes in ultrasonic compressional and shear wave velocities in the three principal directions, together with the bulk acoustic emission (AE) output contemporaneously with stress and strain. We use acoustic wave velocities to model comparative crack densities and orientations. In essence, we create two end‐member crack distributions; one displaying cylindrical transverse isotropy (conventional triaxial) and the other planar transverse isotropy (true triaxial). Under the stress conditions in our experiments we observed an approximately fivefold decrease in the number of AE events between the conventional and true triaxial cases. When taken together, the AE data, the velocities, and the crack density data indicate that the intermediate principal stress suppresses the total number of cracks and restricts their growth to orientations subnormal to the minimum principal stress. However, the size of individual cracks remains essentially constant, controlled by the material grain size. Crack damage is only generated when the differential stress exceeds some threshold value. Cyclic loading experiments show that further damage commences only when that previous maximum differential stress is exceeded, regardless of the mean stress, whether this is achieved by increasing the maximum principal stress or by decreasing the minimum principal stress.
Causality of an extreme harmful algal bloom in Monterey Bay, California, during the 2014–2016 northeast Pacific warm anomaly
Authors: Ryan J. P. , Kudela R. M. , Birch J. M. , Blum M. , Bowers H. A. , Chavez F. P. , Doucette G. J. , Hayashi K. , Marin R. , Mikulski C. M. , Pennington J. T. , Scholin C. A. , Smith G. J. , Woods A. , Zhang Y. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractAn ecologically and economically disruptive harmful algal bloom (HAB) affected much of the northeast Pacific margin in 2015, during a prolonged oceanic warm anomaly. Caused by diatoms of the genus Pseudo‐nitzschia, this HAB produced the highest particulate concentrations of the biotoxin domoic acid (DA) ever recorded in Monterey Bay, California. Bloom inception followed strong upwelling during the spring transition, which introduced nutrients and eliminated the warm anomaly locally. Subsequently, moderate and intermittent upwelling created favorable conditions for growth and accumulation of HAB biomass, which was dominated by a highly toxigenic species, P. australis. High cellular DA concentrations were associated with available nitrogen for DA synthesis coincident with silicate exhaustion. This nutrient influence resulted from two factors: (1) disproportionate depletion of silicate in upwelling source waters during the warm anomaly, the most severe depletion observed in 24 years, and (2) silicate uptake by the dense diatom bloom.
Distribution of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water on the warming continental shelf of the West Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Couto Nicole , Martinson Douglas G. , Kohut Josh , Schofield Oscar 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe use autonomous underwater vehicles to characterize the spatial distribution of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) on the continental shelf of the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and present the first near‐synoptic measurements of mesoscale features (eddies) containing UCDW on the WAP. Thirty‐three subsurface eddies with widths on the order of 10 km were detected during four glider deployments. Each eddy contributed an average of 5.8 × 1016 J to the subpycnocline waters, where a cross‐shelf heat flux of 1.37 × 1019 J yr−1 is required to balance the diffusive loss of heat to overlying winter water and to the near‐coastal waters. Approximately two‐thirds of the heat coming onto the shelf diffuses across the pycnocline and one‐third diffuses to the coastal waters; long‐term warming of the subpycnocline waters is a small residual of this balance. Sixty percent of the profiles that contained UCDW were part of a coherent eddy. Between 20% and 53% of the lateral onshore heat flux to the WAP can be attributed to eddies entering Marguerite Trough, a feature in the southern part of the shelf which is known to be an important conduit for UCDW. A northern trough is identified as additional important location for eddy intrusion.
Characterization of Covalently Bound Anti‐Human Immunoglobulins on Self‐Assembled Monolayer Modified Gold Electrodes
Authors: Holzer Brigitte , Manoli Kyriaki , Ditaranto Nicoletta , Macchia Eleonora , Tiwari Amber , Di Franco Cinzia , Scamarcio Gaetano , Palazzo Gerardo , Torsi Luisa 
Published: June 2017

AbstractBioconjugated gold surfaces constitute interesting platforms for biosensing applications. The immobilization of antibodies such as anti‐immunoglobulin G and M (anti‐IgG and anti‐IgM) on gold electrodes via self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) is here studied as a model system for further immunoassays development. The biolayer is characterized by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), a dedicated thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐based platform and electrochemical surface plasmon resonance (EC‐SPR). XPS analysis confirms the presence of all the chemical species involved in the fabrication process as well as the covalent attachment of the antibodies with high reproducibility. Visualization of the biolayer topography by AFM shows nanostructures with a thickness consistent with the actual size of the protein, which is also verified by SPR measurements. EC‐SPR allows taking advantage of complementary electrochemical and optical signals during the functionalization steps. Moreover, the functionalization of gold leads to a change in the work function, which is demonstrated in an electrolyte gated thin‐film transistor configuration. Such configuration enables also to evaluate the electrostatic changes occurring on the gate that are connected with the threshold voltage shifts. The data support that functional biomodified gold surfaces can be reproducibly prepared, which is a prerequisite for further biosensor development.
The influence of nano‐silica on properties of sulfonated polystyrene‐lignosulfonate membranes as proton exchange membranes for direct methanol fuel cell application
Authors: Gonggo Siang Tandi , Bundjali Bunbun , Hariyawati Ketut , Arcana I Made 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe membranes of sulfonated polystyrene, lignosulfonate and nano‐silica (SPS‐LS‐SiO2) that contain different percentages of nano‐silica (1%–5% [w/w]) were prepared and characterized for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Nano‐silica is an inorganic compound with a surface area of 200 m2/g, and it has a hygroscopic property so that the presence of nano‐silica in membrane can increase properties of membrane. The SPS‐LS‐SO2 membranes were prepared by casting polymer solution and membranes were characterized by functional groups analysis, water uptake, ion exchange capacity (IEC), proton conductivity, methanol permeability, thermal stability, mechanical properties, and surface morphology. The results show the increase of nano‐silica composition in SPS‐LS‐SiO2 membranes, the IEC, water uptake, proton conductivity increase, but a pore size of membrane decreases. On the other hand, it can maintain the mechanical strength of membranes. The SPS‐LS‐SiO2 membranes with nano‐silica composition of 2%–5% (w/w) have the same properties with Nafion®117, especially in proton conductivity at the same treatment and measurement conditions, and its methanol permeability is about 28%–35% smaller than that of Nafion®117 (2.09 × 10−6 cm2/s), so this SPS‐LS‐SiO2 membrane could be used as a polymer electrolyte membrane for direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) application.
A multi‐method assessment of bone maintenance and loss in anImperialRoman population: Implications for future studies of age‐related bone loss in the past
Authors: Beauchesne Patrick , Agarwal Sabrina C. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractObjectivesOne of the hallmarks of contemporary osteoporosis and bone loss is dramatically higher prevalence of loss and fragility in females post‐menopause. In contrast, bioarchaeological studies of bone loss have found a greater diversity of age‐ and sex‐related patterns of bone loss in past populations. We argue that the differing findings may relate to the fact that most studies use only a single methodology to quantify bone loss and do not account for the heterogeneity and complexity of bone maintenance across the skeleton and over the life course.MethodsWe test the hypothesis that bone mass and maintenance in trabecular bone sites versus cortical bone sites will show differing patterns of age‐related bone loss, with cortical bone sites showing sex difference in bone loss that are similar to contemporary Western populations, and trabecular bone loss at earlier ages. We investigated this hypothesis in the Imperial Roman population of Velia using three methods: radiogrammetry of the second metacarpal (N = 71), bone histology of ribs (N = 70), and computerized tomography of trabecular bone architecture (N = 47). All three methods were used to explore sex and age differences in patterns of bone loss.ResultsThe suite of methods utilized reveal differences in the timing of bone loss with age, but all methods found no statistically significant differences in age‐related bone loss.DiscussionWe argue that a multi‐method approach reduces the influence of confounding factors by building a reconstruction of bone turnover over the life cycle that a limited single‐method project cannot provide. The implications of using multiple methods beyond studies of bone loss are also discussed.
3D‐Laser‐Mikro‐Nanodruck: Herausforderungen für die Chemie
Authors: Barner‐Kowollik Christopher , Bastmeyer Martin , Blasco Eva , Delaittre Guillaume , Müller Patrick , Richter Benjamin , Wegener Martin 
Published: June 2017

Abstract3D‐Druck ist eine leistungsfähige Technik für die maßgeschneiderte Herstellung funktionaler Materialien. Dieser Aufsatz fasst den Stand der Technik im Hinblick auf 3D‐Laser‐Mikro‐ und ‐Nanodruck zusammen und erkundet die chemischen Herausforderungen, die derzeit die volle Etablierung dieser Technologie limitieren: von der Entwicklung fortgeschrittener Materialien für Anwendungen in der Zellbiologie und der Elektronik bis hin zu den bestehenden chemischen Grenzen des schnellen Schreibens mit Auflösungen unterhalb der Beugungsgrenze. Des Weiteren untersuchen wir Möglichkeiten zur Realisierung des direkten Laserschreibens mehrerer Materialien aus einem Photolack heraus, basierend auf wellenlängenselektiven photochemischen Prozessen (λ‐Orthogonalität). Schließlich betrachten wir chemische Prozesse, mit deren Hilfe adaptive 3D‐Strukturen geschrieben werden können, die auf externe Stimuli wie Licht, Wärme, pH‐Wert oder spezifische Moleküle reagieren, sowie fortgeschrittene Konzepte für abbaubare Stützstrukturen.
Grafting and properties of a porous poly(methyl methacrylate) film on a silicon surface by a one‐step dipping method
Authors: Zhang Shanshan , Zhang Junhong , Li Ming , Zhang Wenqi , Cao Liqiang 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTIn this study, we prepared a porous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film on an Si surface with a novel dipping method. We conducted the process by directly dipping the Si substrate into acidic aqueous media in a simple flask at 10 °C. First, 4‐nitrobenzene diazonium tetrafluoroborate (NBD) was spontaneously reduced at the Si surface. Then, the aryl radicals during the reduction of NBD were directly grafted onto the Si surface. Meanwhile, the aryl radicals initiated the polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers, and the radical‐terminated PMMA chains formed in the solution were grafted onto the Si surface. Because water was a poor solvent for MMA, the grafted PMMA chains easily aggregated together, and this resulted in a porous polymer film. The porosity of the film depended on the grafting time and the MMA concentration. Furthermore, the permittivity of the porous PMMA film was relatively low, and its dielectric dissipation factor was extremely small. Therefore, its excellent dielectric properties should allow the porous film to have many applications in industry. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44930.
Coupling Reactions of Alkynyl Indoles and CO2 by Bicyclic Guanidine: Origin of Catalytic Activity?
Authors: Kee Choon Wee , Peh Kai Qi Elizabeth , Wong Ming Wah 
Published: June 2017

AbstractDensity functional theory calculations were used to investigate the three possible modes of activation for the coupling of CO2 with alkynyl indoles in the presence of a guanidine base. The first of these mechanisms, involving electrophilic activation, was originally proposed by Skrydstrup et al. (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2015, 54, 6682). The second mechanism involves the nucleophilic activation of CO2. Both of these electrophilic and nucleophilic activation processes involve the formation of a guanidine‐CO2 zwitterion adduct. We have proposed a third mechanism involving the bifunctional activation of the bicyclic guanidine catalyst, allowing for the simultaneous activation of the indole and CO2 by the catalyst. We demonstrated that a second molecule of catalyst is required to facilitate the final cyclization step. Based on the calculated turnover frequencies, our newly proposed bifunctional activation mechanism is the most plausible pathway for this reaction under these experimental conditions. Furthermore, we have shown that this bifunctional mode of activation is consistent with the experimental results. Thus, this guanidine‐catalyzed reaction favors a specific‐base catalyzed mechanism rather than the CO2 activation mechanism. We therefore believe that this bifunctional mechanism for the activation of bicyclic guanidine is typical of most CO2 coupling reactions.
Interpolatory Model Order Reduction Method for Second Order Systems
Authors: Qiu Zhi‐Yong , Jiang Yao‐Lin , Yuan Jia‐Wei 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIn this paper, we propose a structure‐preserving model reduction method for second‐order systems based on H2 optimal interpolation. In the iterative process of the proposed method, an algorithm is presented for selecting interpolation points in order to control the dimension of the reduced system. Result about error analysis of the interpolation points selection algorithm is obtained and the property of the new model reduction method is also given. Finally, three numerical examples are performed to illustrate the effectiveness of the new method.
Paramecium caudatum as a source of nitric oxide: Chemiluminescent detection based on Bluestar® Forensic reagent connected with microdialysis
Authors: Bancirova Martina 
Published: June 2017

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) chemistry inside the body is the most interesting part of its behavior. NO is involved in controlling blood pressure, and in transmitting nerve signals and a variety of other signaling processes. To explain the behavior of NO, it is necessary to determine its immediate concentration or observe time‐dependent changes in its concentration. In Paramecium caudatum, NO is formed by calcium‐dependent nNOS (NOS1)‐like protein, which is distributed in the cytoplasm. NO synthesis affects the ciliary beat and consequent motility of cells and blocked NO synthesis reduces the ability of cells to move. The possibility of online coupling of microdialysis (of P. caudatum solution) with NO detection is demonstrated. Direct measurement of NO is carried out using dilute Bluestar® Forensic reagent (luminol–H2O2 system; one of the NO detections is based upon the chemiluminescent reaction between NO and the luminol–H2O2 system, which is specifically reactive to NO). The effect of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NG‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester was observed. NO production was inhibited and the movement of P. caudatum was restricted. These effects were time dependent and after a specific time were reversed.