bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impurity Resonant States p-type Doping in Wide-Band-Gap Nitrides
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Yi Xiaoyan , Yu Zhiguo , Yuan Guodong , Liu Yang , Wang Junxi , Li Jinmin , Lu Na , Ferguson Ian , Zhang Yong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractIn this work, a new strategy for achieving efficient p-type doping in high bandgap nitride semiconductors to overcome the fundamental issue of high activation energy has been proposed and investigated theoretically and demonstrated experimentally. Specifically, in an AlxGa1−xN/GaN superlattice structure, by modulation doping of Mg in the AlxGa1−xN barriers, high concentration of holes are generated throughout the material. A hole concentration as high as 1.1 × 1018 cm−3 has been achieved, which is about one order of magnitude higher than that typically achievable by direct doping GaN. Results from first-principle calculations indicate that the coupling and hybridization between Mg 2p impurity and the host N 2p orbitals are main reasons for the generation of resonant states in the GaN wells, which further results in the high hole concentration. We expect this approach to be equally applicable for other high bandgap materials where efficient p-type doing is difficult. Furthermore, a two-carrier-species Hall-effect model is proposed to delineate and discriminate the characteristics of the bulk and 2D hole, which usually coexist in superlattice-like doping systems. The model reported here can also be used to explain the abnormal freeze-in effect observed in many previous reports.
A Novel Equivalent Agglomeration Model for Heat Conduction Enhancement in Nanofluids
Authors: Sui Jize , Zheng Liancun , Zhang Xinxin , Chen Ying , Cheng Zhengdong 
Published: January 2016

AbstractWe propose a multilevel equivalent agglomeration (MEA) model in which all particles in an irregular cluster are treated as a new particle with equivalent volume, the liquid molecules wrapping the cluster and in the gaps are considered to assemble on the surface of new particle as mixing nanolayer (MNL), the thermal conductivity in MNL is assumed to satisfy exponential distribution. Theoretical predictions for thermal conductivity enhancement are highly in agreement with the classical experimental data. Also, we first try to employ TEM information quantitatively to offer probable reference agglomeration ratio (not necessary a very precise value) to just test rational estimations range by present model. The comparison results indicate the satisfactory priori agglomeration ratio estimations range from renovated model.
Cells and Stripes: A novel quantitative photo-manipulation technique
Authors: Mistrik Martin , Vesela Eva , Furst Tomas , Hanzlikova Hana , Frydrych Ivo , Gursky Jan , Majera Dusana , Bartek Jiri 
Published: January 2016

AbstractLaser micro-irradiation is a technology widely used in the DNA damage response, checkpoint signaling, chromatin remodeling and related research fields, to assess chromatin modifications and recruitment of diverse DNA damage sensors, mediators and repair proteins to sites of DNA lesions. While this approach has aided numerous discoveries related to cell biology, maintenance of genome integrity, aging and cancer, it has so far been limited by a tedious manual definition of laser-irradiated subcellular regions, with the ensuing restriction to only a small number of cells treated and analyzed in a single experiment. Here, we present an improved and versatile alternative to the micro-irradiation approach: Quantitative analysis of photo-manipulated samples using innovative settings of standard laser-scanning microscopes. Up to 200 cells are simultaneously exposed to a laser beam in a defined pattern of collinear rays. The induced striation pattern is then automatically evaluated by a simple algorithm, which provides a quantitative assessment of various laser-induced phenotypes in live or fixed cells. Overall, this new approach represents a more robust alternative to existing techniques and provides a versatile tool for a wide range of applications in biomedicine.
Chlamydia gallinacea, not C. psittaci, is the endemic chlamydial species in chicken (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Guo Weina , Li Jing , Kaltenboeck Bernhard , Gong Jiansen , Fan Weixing , Wang Chengming 
Published: January 2016

AbstractTo investigate the prevalence and diversity of Chlamydia spp. in domestic birds in China, oral and cloacal swabs of healthy chickens, ducks, geese and pigeons were collected nationwide from live-animal markets and examined by Chlamydia spp. 23 S rRNA gene FRET-PCR followed by high-resolution melting curve analysis and confirmatory sequencing. Overall, 26.2% of the birds (602/2,300) were positive for Chlamydia spp. and five Chlamydia spp. were identified. While occasional detection of C. suis and C. muridarum in poultry is reported here for the first time, the predominant chlamydial agent was C. gallinacea representing 63.8% of all positives (384/602) and 81.2% of positive chickens (359/442). Analysis of the C. gallinacea ompA phylogeny revealed at least 13 well segregated variants (serovars). Seven-month monitoring of C. gallinacea-infected chickens indicated that the infection was persistent. C. gallinacea-infected chickens remained without overt clinical disease, but showed body weight gains significantly reduced by 6.5–11.4% beginning in week 3 post-infection. This study indicates that C. gallinacea is the endemic chlamydial species in chickens, whereas C. psittaci dominates only in pigeons. Further studies are required to address the specific conditions under which C. gallinacea could act as an avian pathogen and possibly also a zoonotic agent.
Perovskite LaFeO3/montmorillonite nanocomposites: synthesis, interface characteristics and enhanced photocatalytic activity
Authors: Peng Kang , Fu Liangjie , Yang Huaming , Ouyang Jing 
Published: January 2016

AbstractPerovskite LaFeO3/montmorillonite nanocomposites (LaFeO3/MMT) have been successfully prepared via assembling LaFeO3 nanoparticles on the surface of montmorillonite with citric acid assisted sol-gel method. The results indicated that the uniform LaFeO3 nanoparticles were densely deposited onto the surface of montmorillonite, mainly ranging in diameter from 10 nm to 15 nm. The photocatalytic activity of LaFeO3/MMT was evaluated by the degradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation, indicating that LaFeO3/MMT exhibited remarkable adsorption efficiency and excellent photocatalytic activity with the overall removal rate of RhB up to 99.34% after visible light irradiation lasting for 90 min. The interface characteristic and possible degradation mechanism were explored. The interface characterization of LaFeO3/MMT suggested that LaFeO3 nanoparticles could be immobilized on the surface of montmorillonite with the Si-O-Fe bonds. The abundant hydroxyl groups of montmorillonite, semiconductor photocatalysis of LaFeO3 and Fenton-like reaction could enhance the photocatalytic degradation through a synergistic effect. Therefore, the LaFeO3/MMT is a very promising photocatalyst in future industrial application to treat effectively wastewater of dyes.
Long-term fatty liver-induced insulin resistance in orotic acid-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver rats
Authors: Han Xiuqing , Liu Chunhua , Xue Yong , Wang Jingfeng , Xue Changhu , Yanagita Teruyoshi , Gao Xiang , Wang Yuming 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
We investigated whether fatty liver preceded insulin resistance or vice versa using a long-term orotic acid (OA)-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model without the confounding effects of obesity and hyperlipidemia and explored the role of the liver in insulin resistance. Male Wistar rats were fed with or without OA supplementation for 30, 60, and 90 days. The NAFLD group showed increased liver lipid at 30, 60, and 90 days; glucose intolerance was noted at 60 and 90 days. Furthermore, partial liver proteins and gene expressions related to upstream signaling of insulin were decreased. However, the liver glycogen content was elevated, and gluconeogenesis genes expressions were obviously decreased at 90 days. The occurrence of fatty liver preceded insulin resistance in OA-induced NAFLD without the interference of obesity and hyperlipidemia, and hepatic insulin resistance may not play a conclusive role in insulin resistance in this model.
The 1753 ‘Jew Bill’ Controversy: Jewish Restoration to Palestine, Biblical Prophecy, and English National Identity
Authors: Crome Andrew 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Examinations of the controversy surrounding the Jewish Naturalization Act (or ‘Jew Bill’) of 1753 have tended to concentrate on the role of either systematic anti-Semitism or political expediency in attempting to explain the sudden, violent uproar that the Act occasioned. While both of these approaches shed light on the controversy, they ignore the central role of prophecy in debates surrounding the Act, both for its proponents and opponents. Both groups drew upon a reservoir of Restorationist images of the Jews, built on the biblical prophecies of a Jewish return to Palestine. For opponents, the ‘Jew Bill’ represented an attempt to discredit prophecies of Jewish separation and denigrate scripture. Restorationist concepts were used to portray the Jews as violent and disloyal, and to suggest that if naturalised they would use England as a staging ground for their conquest of Palestine. For supporters of the Act, naturalisation offered England a unique opportunity to fulfil prophecy. They saw the Act as allowing the nation to take the first steps in fulfilling the apocalyptic role God had prepared for it as the nation that would ‘bless’ the Jews. Both sides of the debate therefore used Restorationism to negotiate concepts of Englishness and alterity. This paper constructs its argument by examining a range of material surrounding the controversy including parliamentary debates, sermons, pamphlets and newspaper reports. It argues for the importance of a nuanced understanding of the role of religion in eighteenth-century political debates.
Taxation riots and the culture of popular protest in Ireland, 1714–1740
Authors: Watt Timothy D. 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
This article explores the connection that existed between government attempts to increase taxation yields in Ireland during the 1720s and 1730s and the rise in the number of violent protests. It challenges the generally-held view that rural popular violence was uncommon in early eighteenth-century Ireland. The first part of the article examines government measures to tackle illicit trade and challenge corrupt revenue officers. The extra revenue gained by these measures was used to pay for 12,000 British soldiers on the Irish establishment and a network of new barracks in Ireland. The article assesses the impact that the tax-raising measures had, not just on the ability of tax collectors to gather revenue but also on the relationships that existed between law enforcers and the public, and more generally rulers and the ruled. A study of reported cases of ‘riot and rescue’, which have been extracted from newspapers and the relatively under-used revenue commissioners’ minute books, explains more fully the causes, composition and character of resistance to taxation. Other aspects of taxation riots and government responses to the disorder are also explored. The restrained nature of the violence between rioters and law enforcers and the popular antipathy to informers points to a moral compass being used during conflict, on both sides. Finally, an examination of the nature of violence also helps to define the limits of the power of authorities and of mobs in early eighteenth-century Ireland.
A high-precision rule-based extraction system for expanding geospatial metadata in GenBank records
Authors: Tahsin Tasnia , Weissenbacher Davy , Rivera Robert , Beard Rachel , Firago Mari , Wallstrom Garrick , Scotch Matthew , Gonzalez Graciela 
Published: January 2016

Abstract
Objective The metadata reflecting the location of the infected host (LOIH) of virus sequences in GenBank often lacks specificity. This work seeks to enhance this metadata by extracting more specific geographic information from related full-text articles and mapping them to their latitude/longitudes using knowledge derived from external geographical databases.
Materials and Methods We developed a rule-based information extraction framework for linking GenBank records to the latitude/longitudes of the LOIH. Our system first extracts existing geospatial metadata from GenBank records and attempts to improve it by seeking additional, relevant geographic information from text and tables in related full-text PubMed Central articles. The final extracted locations of the records, based on data assimilated from these sources, are then disambiguated and mapped to their respective geo-coordinates. We evaluated our approach on a manually annotated dataset comprising of 5728 GenBank records for the influenza A virus.
Results We found the precision, recall, and f-measure of our system for linking GenBank records to the latitude/longitudes of their LOIH to be 0.832, 0.967, and 0.894, respectively.
Discussion Our system had a high level of accuracy for linking GenBank records to the geo-coordinates of the LOIH. However, it can be further improved by expanding our database of geospatial data, incorporating spell correction, and enhancing the rules used for extraction.
Conclusion Our system performs reasonably well for linking GenBank records for the influenza A virus to the geo-coordinates of their LOIH based on record metadata and information extracted from related full-text articles.
Assessing Strength of Evidence of Appropriate Use Criteria for Diagnostic Imaging Examinations
Authors: Lacson Ronilda , Raja Ali S , Osterbur David , Ip Ivan , Schneider Louise , Bain Paul , Mita Carol , Whelan Julia , Silveira Patricia , Dement David , Khorasani Ramin 
Published: January 2016

Objective For health information technology tools to fully inform evidence-based decisions, recommendations must be reliably assessed for quality and strength of evidence. We aimed to create an annotation framework for grading recommendations regarding appropriate use of diagnostic imaging examinations.
Methods The annotation framework was created by an expert panel (clinicians in three medical specialties, medical librarians, and biomedical scientists) who developed a process for achieving consensus in assessing recommendations, and evaluated by measuring agreement in grading the strength of evidence for 120 empirically selected recommendations using the Oxford Levels of Evidence.
Results Eighty-two percent of recommendations were assigned to Level 5 (expert opinion). Inter-annotator agreement was 0.70 on initial grading (κ = 0.35, 95% CI, 0.23-0.48). After systematic discussion utilizing the annotation framework, agreement increased significantly to 0.97 (κ = 0.88, 95% CI, 0.77-0.99).
Conclusions A novel annotation framework was effective for grading the strength of evidence supporting appropriate use criteria for diagnostic imaging exams.
Recent progress in direct exposure of interconnects on PCBs
Authors: Barbucha Robert , Mizeraczyk Jerzy 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– This paper aims to use a survey of techniques to present the patterning of electric circuitry on printed circuit boards (PCBs). Second, a proposal of a new technology for direct exposure of interconnects on PCBs, using a digital micromirror device (DMD) is presented.

Design/methodology/approach
– In this proposal, the DMD chip was incorporated into a prototype system for exposure of soldermask pattern for a mass scale production. As a light source, 52 semiconductor UV lasers were combined together to deliver UV powerful beam onto the DMD chip area.

Findings
– A laser beam power of around 9 W was achieved from a single exposure head. With five exposure heads installed into a single machine, it is possible to expose 1,400 PCB panels per day. Such a production rate from a single exposure machine satisfies the demands of biggest PCB factories.

Research limitations/implications
– The Gaussian energy distribution of the laser beam from the 52-lasers head on the PCB surface was experimentally found. Because the exposure image needs to be highly uniform, this made a problem when the printed circuitry quality is considered. This problem was solved by using a software algorithm.

Practical implications
– The use of UV lasers exposure heads brings economical advantages over conventional bulb UV lamps. The power consumption drops down ten times for lasers source.

Social implications
– Because the exposure processing can be made with lower electric costs and higher yield, it will make the PCBs cheaper.

Originality/value
– At present, the idea of collecting a great number of lasers as a UV source for exposure head is attractive solution.
Competencies of older workers and its influence on career success and job satisfaction
Authors: Hennekam Sophie 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of the competencies motivation, integrity and social skills on both intrinsic and extrinsic career success.Design/methodology/approach– In total, 1,112 individuals aged 45 or above registered at a job agency specialized in older employees in the Netherlands filled out a survey. The results were analyzed using multiple regression.Findings– The three competencies had a positive relationship with intrinsic career success (job satisfaction). Motivation and social skills were also positively related to extrinsic career success, while integrity was unrelated.Originality/value– The influence of competencies on career success of older workers has received only little attention from researchers.
Employee beliefs regarding the impact of unconventional appearance on customers in Mexico and Turkey
Authors: Karl Katherine , Peluchette Joy Van Eck , Hall Leda McIntyre 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The increasing prevalence of unconventional appearance attributes (e.g. tattoos, piercings, unnatural hair color, alternative clothing) is a concern among employers as these appearance attributes are often viewed negatively. Because much of the existing employee appearance research has been conducted in the USA, the purpose of this paper is to examine employee beliefs regarding the impact of unconventional employee appearance on customer perceptions of service quality in Mexico and Turkey. The authors also examine the impact of gender, age, and position level.Design/methodology/approach– The sample consisted of 295 white collar employees in various service industries in Turkey and Mexico. Respondents reported how they thought eight employee appearance factors (tattoos, facial piercings, unconventional hair color, unconventional hair styles, sweat pants, clothing with rips or tears, clothing that bears midriffs, belly-buttons, or cleavage, and uniforms) would affect customer perceptions of service quality.Findings– Employees in both Mexico and Turkey indicated that uniforms would have a positive impact on customer perceptions of service quality and all seven unconventional employee appearance attributes would have a negative impact. Significant differences for country, gender, age, and position level were also found.Research limitations/implications– Future research including a more diverse group of countries and cultures is needed. Future research should also attempt to control for differences in type of organization, organizational culture, and job type.Practical implications– Alternative fashion and appearance styles may be trendy but there are risks in how these might be perceived by customers and by colleagues at work.Originality/value– This study examines employee beliefs regarding the impact of a variety of unconventional employee appearance attributes on customers’ perceptions of service quality in Mexico and Turkey.
Competition and constraint
Authors: Koster Ferry , Wittek Rafael 
Published: January 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to investigate three distinct hypotheses about the relationship between human resource (HR) practices (discretion and skill enhancement) and the level of trade openness and foreign direct investments of countries.Design/methodology/approach– The study applies multilevel analysis using data of 16,701 employees living in 23 European countries.Findings– Based on the multilevel analysis mixed support is found for the hypothesis stating that economic openness is curvilinearly related (an inverted U) to the use of HR practices. While this holds for discretion, it does not for skill enhancement.Originality/value– While economic globalization is often mentioned as an important factor in understanding organizational relations, there have only been few international comparative studies explicitly linking measures of economic openness and HR practices. This study investigate whether economic globalization is important or not.
Annual hours, workplace partnership and mutual gains: exploring the links
Authors: Ryan Lorraine , Wallace Joseph 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore the capacity of annual hours (AH) to deliver gains to both workers and management and assesses the role of workplace partnership in three Irish companies that have adopted AH.

Design/methodology/approach
– Three case studies are compared and contrasted. The case studies were compiled through semi-structured interviews with management and trade union representatives, a survey of 205 workers and secondary material.

Findings
– The authors find that workplace partnership is not a prerequisite for achieving mutual gains where AH are concerned. The research draws attention to the importance of a mechanism for the creation of gains, in these cases, AH and that such gains can arise from different processes. Mutual gains output is not confined to workplace partnership but can arise from collective bargaining.

Originality/value
– The paper highlights the importance of comparing case studies so that the role of factors often seen as causal to mutual gains in exemplar cases can be critically evaluated. It also utilises directly workers’ opinions on AH and workplace partnership where typically, representative views of management and trade unions dominate the literature on these issues.
The impact of communication channels on communication style and information quality for hotel loyalty programs
Authors: Berezan Orie , Yoo Michelle , Christodoulidou Natasa 
Published: January 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of communication channels on communication style and information quality as perceived by loyalty program members.

Design/methodology/approach
– An online survey was utilized to collect data, and multivariate analysis of variance was used to test the study hypothesis.

Findings
– Study results indicated that the choice of a communication channel has a significant impact on the perceived communication style and information quality.

Research limitations/implications
– The use of an online survey restricted the ability to generalize findings beyond those that use the internet. Replicating this study in other areas where customers seek information outside of loyalty programs would provide valuable insight into the impact of communication channels on communication style and perceived quality of communication.

Practical implications
– Communication style and information quality have been shown to impact customer loyalty. The results of this study indicate that the type of communication channel used impacts style and information quality, and thereby loyalty.

Social implications
– Executives should use these research findings as a guide to how they should structure and maintain relationships with their loyalty members.

Originality/value
– This manuscript provides executives with a taxonomy of the tools and channels available for communicating information to loyalty program members.