bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Children after renal transplantation hospitalized for fever: Is empirical antibiotic treatment always justified?
Authors: Ashkenazi‐Hoffnung Liat , Davidovits Miriam , Bilavsky Efraim , Yassin Reem , Rom Eran , Amir Jacob 
Published: January 2017

AbstractInfections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality after renal transplantation. However, data focusing on children are scarce. The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency and predictors of bacterial infection in pediatric renal transplant recipients in a specific setting of hospitalization due to fever. Clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected for all pediatric renal transplant recipients hospitalized for fever in a national renal transplantation center from 2004 to 2012. One hundred and sixty‐eight hospital admissions for fever of 52 children were analyzed. A bacterial etiology was diagnosed in 85 admissions (50.6%); 49 cases (57.6%) were documented microbiologically and 36 (42.4%) clinically. Risk factors and markers of bacterial infection included older age, presence of a central venous catheter, sonographic findings, and elevated inflammatory indices. C‐reactive protein level was a more sensitive marker than white blood cell count and absolute neutrophil count. In patients without identified risk factors, no bacterial infections were diagnosed. Pediatric renal transplant recipients hospitalized for fever are at high risk of bacterial infections and usually require empirical antibiotic treatment at admission. However, there is a minority of low‐risk patients in whom clinicians may consider withholding antibiotic treatment with close follow‐up.
Reactive Aggression and Suicide‐Related Behaviors in Children and Adolescents: A Review and Preliminary Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Hartley Chelsey M. , Pettit Jeremy W. , Castellanos Daniel 
Published: January 2017

The empirical literature on the association between reactive aggression and suicide‐related behaviors in children and adolescents was reviewed. A narrative review of seven studies that met inclusion/exclusion criteria is followed by a preliminary meta‐analysis to provide insight into the strength of the association between reactive aggression and suicide‐related behaviors. Each of the seven studies reported a statistically significant association between reactive aggression and suicide‐related behaviors, including suicide, nonfatal suicide attempt, and suicide ideation. Results from the meta‐analysis indicated a consistent, medium‐sized association (k = 7; N = 4,693; rbar = .25). The narrative review and results of the preliminary meta‐analysis support the promise of pursuing future research on reactive aggression and suicide‐related behaviors in children and adolescents. A theoretical model is proposed to guide the development of future research.
Severe Outbreak of Sorbitol‐Fermenting Escherichia coli O157 via Unpasteurized Milk and Farm Visits, Finland 2012
Authors: Jaakkonen A. , Salmenlinna S. , Rimhanen‐Finne R. , Lundström H. , Heinikainen S. , Hakkinen M. , Hallanvuo S. 
Published: January 2017

SummaryShiga toxin‐producing, sorbitol‐fermenting Escherichia coli O157 (SF O157) has emerged as a cause of severe human illness. Despite frequent human findings, its transmission routes and reservoirs remain largely unknown. Foodborne transmission and reservoir in cattle have been suspected, but with limited supporting evidence. This study describes the outbreak of SF O157 that occurred in Finland in 2012. The outbreak originated from a recreational farm selling unpasteurized milk, as revealed by epidemiologic and microbiological investigations, and involved six hospitalized children and two asymptomatic adults with culture‐confirmed infection. An identical strain of SF O157 was isolated from patients, cattle and the farm environment, and epidemiologic analysis suggested unpasteurized milk as the vehicle of transmission. This study reports the first milkborne outbreak of SF O157, provides supporting evidence of cattle as a reservoir and highlights the health risks related to the consumption of unpasteurized milk.
Don't judge a fish by its fins: species delineation of Congolese Labeo (Cyprinidae)
Authors: Van Steenberge Maarten , Gajdzik Laura , Chilala Alex , Snoeks Jos , Vreven Emmanuel 
Published: January 2017

Conspicuous characters are often useful in species identification. Yet, identification and delineation are two different processes, and such characters do not necessarily provide the best basis on which species can be delineated. This is illustrated by the case of the Labeo with papillary lips from the Congo basin. Traditionally, species delineation in this group was based on a conspicuous trait: the shape of the dorsal fin, which shows a profound degree of differentiation. Morphometric analyses were performed on 185 specimens both with and without measurements taken on this fin. The groups obtained using these two approaches were compared with those obtained through DNA barcoding. For this, 24 sequences of the standard barcoding COI gene were obtained. Species delineations based on morphological and molecular results were in agreement when the shape of the dorsal fin was ignored. This suggested that of the five nominal species known from the Congo basin, L. altivelis, L. rosae, L. lineatus, L. weeksii and L. maleboensis, only the former three remain valid. Consequently, L. weeksii was synonymised with L. altivelis and L. maleboensis with L. lineatus. The sole Congo basin endemic is L. lineatus as L. altivelis and L. rosae also occur in more southern basins. The use of the shape of the dorsal fin in morphological studies has previously led to overestimates of species diversity in this group. This is due to the fact that L. altivelis shows a remarkable amount of geographical variation for this trait. The large amount of intra‐ and interspecific variation in this character was caused by differential allometric growth in different parts of the dorsal fin.
PRE-TREATMENT AMMONIA REMOVAL OF SCHEDULED WASTE LEACHATE WITH HYDRATED LIME AND CAUSTIC SODA
Authors: M. L. Nurul Hanira, , C. M. Hasfalina , Sani A. , Rashid M. 
Published: January 2017

Leachate is known to be hazardous wastewater in terms of its organic matter and ammonia content. Various methods have been studied extensively for the treatment of different types of leachate. However, scheduled waste leachate is rarely studied due to its complex characteristics and highly contaminated nature compared to other types of landfill leachates. In this study, hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) and caustic soda (NaOH) as softener agent were used for increasing the pH of the treatment process of scheduled waste leachate to remove ammonia-nitrogen (NH3-N). Chemical oxygen demand (COD) and colour removal were also evaluated. Jar test experiments was performed using Ca(OH)2 and NaOH at varying dosages ranging from nil to 12 g L-1. A Historical Data Design (HDD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the parameters affecting NH3-N, COD and colour removal efficiency. The optimal conditions obtained from desirable response were predicted at 5.9 g L-1 of Ca(OH)2 dosage, where the maximum NH3-N, COD and colour removal efficiency would be 49%, 18% and 66%, respectively. Meanwhile for NaOH, dosage of 6.4 g L-1 waspredicted to remove NH3-N, COD and colour up to 32%, 4% and 42%, respectively. The predicted values concurred with the experiments, in which Ca(OH)2 successfully reducing NH3‑N, COD and colour up to 52 %, 17.5 % and 65 %, while NaOH could only remove NH3-N, COD and colour by up to 35 %, 2 % and 49 %, respectively. The results obtained from this study suggest that hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2), is more feasible to be used for the pre-treatment process of scheduled waste leachate as less dosage is required with higher removal efficiencies of NH3-N, COD and colour. This study demonstrates that RSM was a reliable tool to predict the optimum dosage and suitable types of chemicals for the removal of NH3-N, COD and colour from the available data.
ON GRAPHS ASSOCIATED TO CONJUGACY CLASSES OF SOME THREE-GENERATOR GROUPS
Authors: Sarmin Nor Haniza , Mohd Noor Alia Husna , Mohamed Saleh Omer Sanaa 
Published: January 2017

A graph consists of points which are called vertices, and connections which are called edges, which are indicated by line segments or curves joining certain pairs of vertices. In this paper, four types of graphs which are the commuting graph, non-commuting graph conjugate graph and the conjugacy class graph for some three-generator groups are discussed. Some of the graph properties are also found which include the independent number, chromatic number, clique number and dominating number.
QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECAST USING NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION AND METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE FOR KELANTAN AND KLANG RIVER BASINS
Authors: Tahir Wardah , Aminuddin Ahmad Kamil , Ramli Suzana , Jaafar Jurina 
Published: January 2017

The unusual heavy rainfall episodes over Kelantan River Basin in 2014 had caused massive destruction and several deaths. The unprecedented storm events at the north-eastern Peninsular Malaysia and many other places indicate the need for enhanced storm forecasting to improve disaster preparedness among the civilian. Quantitative precipitation forecast (QPF) from atmospheric model combined with geostationary meteorological satellite information as input to hydrodynamic model for flood forecasting system can potentially provide improved lead time for warning. In this study, a QPF model is developed using the multilayer neural network with data inputs from the numerical weather prediction (NWP) model products combined with the geostationary meteorological satellite infrared and visible image features to forecast precipitation for a flood-prone area in a tropical region. The results indicate that the model can satisfactorily produce 1-hour rainfall forecast with improved accuracy for larger forecast area. The R2 for areal average rainfall for Kelantan river basin is 0.674 and for Klang river basin is 0.893 whereas the R2 for point rainfall is 0.392 for Kelantan river basin and 0.495 for Klang river basin.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Copper-Resistant Bacterium from the Citrus Phyllosphere,
Stenotrophomonas
sp. Strain LM091, Obtained Using Long-Read Technology
Authors: Richard Damien , Boyer Claudine , Lefeuvre Pierre , Pruvost Olivier 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The
Stenotrophomonas
genus shows great adaptive potential including resistance to multiple antimicrobials, opportunistic pathogenicity, and production of numerous secondary metabolites. Using long-read technology, we report the sequence of a plant-associated
Stenotrophomonas
strain originating from the citrus phyllosphere that displays a copper resistance phenotype.
Complete Genome Sequences of Six Legionella pneumophila Isolates from Two Collocated Outbreaks of Legionnaires' Disease in 2005 and 2008 in Sarpsborg/Fredrikstad, Norway
Authors: Dybwad Marius , Aarskaug Tone , Fykse Else-Marie , Henie Madslien Elisabeth , Blatny Janet Martha 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Here, we report the complete genome sequences of
Legionella pneumophila
isolates from two collocated outbreaks of Legionnaires' disease in 2005 and 2008 in Sarpsborg/Fredrikstad, Norway. One clinical and two environmental isolates were sequenced from each outbreak. The genome of all six isolates consisted of a 3.36 Mb-chromosome, while the 2005 genomes featured an additional 68 kb-episome sharing high sequence similarity with the
L. pneumophila
Lens plasmid. All six genomes contained multiple mobile genetic elements including novel combinations of type-IVA secretion systems. A comparative genomics study will be launched to resolve the genetic relationship between the
L. pneumophila
isolates.
Complete Genome Sequences of Enterococcus rotai LMG 26678
T
and Enterococcus silesiacus LMG 23085
T
Authors: Lauer Ana C. , Humrighouse Ben W. , Loparev Vladimir , Shewmaker Patricia L. , Whitney Anne M. , McQuiston John R. , McLaughlin Richard W. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

The inclusion of molecular methods in the characterization of the novel species
Enterococcus horridus
necessitated the sequencing and assembly of the genomes of the closely related
Enterococcus rotai
and
Enterococcus silesiacus
. Sequencing using Illumina technology in combination with optical mapping led to the generation of closed genomes for both isolates.
Genomic Sequencing of Ranaviruses Isolated from Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and Atlantic Cod (
Gadus morhua
)
Authors: Ariel Ellen , Steckler Natalie K. , Subramaniam Kuttichantran , Olesen Niels J. , Waltzek Thomas B. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Ranaviruses have been isolated from Atlantic cod (
Gadus morhua
) and turbot (
Scophthalmus maximus
) in Denmark. Phylogenomic analyses revealed that these two ranaviruses are nearly identical and form a distinct clade at the base of the ranavirus tree branching off near other fish ranaviruses.
Complete Genome Sequences of Nine Enterovirus D68 Strains from Patients of the Lower Hudson Valley, New York, 2016
Authors: Huang Weihua , Yin Changhong , Zhuge Jian , Farooq Taliya , Yoon Esther C. , Nolan Sheila M. , Chen Donald , Fallon John T. , Wang Guiqing 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Complete genome sequences of nine enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) strains from patients in New York were obtained in 2016 by metagenomic next-generation sequencing. Comparative genomic analysis suggests that a new subclade B3, with ~4.5% nucleotide divergence from subclade B1 strains causing the 2014 outbreak, is circulating in the United States in 2016.
Draft Genome Sequences of Four Propionibacterium acnes Strains Isolated from Implant-Related Infections
Authors: Aubin Guillaume Ghislain , Kambarev Stanimir , Guillouzouic Aurélie , Lepelletier Didier , Bémer Pascale , Corvec Stéphane 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Propionibacterium acnes
was previously described as a potential implant-related pathogen. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of four
P. acnes
strains, isolated from spine material, hip arthroplasty, and knee arthroplasty infections in France belonging to different sequence types (ST18, ST27, and ST36).
Draft Genome Sequence of Cloacibacterium normanense NRS-1 Isolated from Municipal Wastewater
Authors: Gay Nicole R. , Fleming Elizabeth , Oh Julia 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Cloacibacterium normanense
is a Gram-negative bacterium recovered from untreated human wastewater. Given its high abundance in wastewater and its apparent absence in human stool, it may contribute to biological phosphate removal. Here, we perform a whole-genome sequence of
C. normanense
NRS-1(T) and examine particular features of this draft genome.
Draft Genome Sequence of Streptococcus anginosus BVI, a New Vaginal Pathogen Candidate
Authors: Zuñiga-Bahamon Andres , Tobar-Tosse Fabian , Guillermo-Ortega Jose , Wibberg Daniel , Tauch Andreas 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Streptococcus anginosus
is a pathogen implicated in urogenital and gastroinstestinal tract infections. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
S. anginosus
BVI, isolated from a bacterial vaginosis patient attending a prenatal care unit in Cali, Colombia. The genome sequence of BVI consists of 2,014,025 bp, encoding 2,008 predicted proteins.
Complete Genome Sequence of Trueperella pyogenes, Isolated from Infected Farmland Goats
Authors: Zhang Su-hui , Qiu Jin-jie , Yang Rui , Shen Ke-fei , Xu Guo-yang , Fu Li-zhi 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Trueperella pyogenes
is a significant pathogen of livestock, causing diverse diseases, such as mastitis, liver abscessation, and pneumonia. In this study, we have reported the genome sequence of
Trueperella pyogenes
2012CQ-ZSH. Moreover, several genes coding for virulence factors were found, such as pyolysin (PYO),
nanH
,
nanP
,
cbpA
,
fimC
, and
fimE
.
The Aspergillus fumigatus Damage Resistance Protein Family Coordinately Regulates Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Azole Susceptibility
Authors: Song Jinxing , Zhai Pengfei , Zhang Yuanwei , Zhang Caiyun , Sang Hong , Han Guanzhu , Keller Nancy P. , Lu Ling 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT

Ergosterol is a major and specific component of the fungal plasma membrane, and thus, the cytochrome P450 enzymes (Erg proteins) that catalyze ergosterol synthesis have been selected as valuable targets of azole antifungals. However, the opportunistic pathogen
Aspergillus fumigatus
has developed worldwide resistance to azoles largely through mutations in the cytochrome P450 enzyme Cyp51 (Erg11). In this study, we demonstrate that a cytochrome
b
5
-like heme-binding damage resistance protein (Dap) family, comprised of DapA, DapB, and DapC, coordinately regulates the functionality of cytochrome P450 enzymes Erg5 and Erg11 and oppositely affects susceptibility to azoles. The expression of all three genes is induced in an azole concentration-dependent way, and the decreased susceptibility to azoles requires DapA stabilization of cytochrome P450 protein activity. In contrast, overexpression of DapB and DapC causes dysfunction of Erg5 and Erg11, resulting in abnormal accumulation of sterol intermediates and further accentuating the sensitivity of Δ
dapA
strains to azoles. The results of exogenous-hemin rescue and heme-binding-site mutagenesis experiments demonstrate that the heme binding of DapA contributes the decreased azole susceptibility, while DapB and -C are capable of reducing the activities of Erg5 and Erg11 through depletion of heme.
In vivo
data demonstrate that inactivated DapA combined with activated DapB yields an
A. fumigatus
mutant that is easily treatable with azoles in an immunocompromised mouse model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. Compared to the single Dap proteins found in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
and
Schizosaccharomyces pombe
, we suggest that this complex Dap family regulatory system emerged during the evolution of fungi as an adaptive means to regulate ergosterol synthesis in response to environmental stimuli.

IMPORTANCE
Knowledge of the ergosterol biosynthesis route in fungal pathogens is useful in the design of new antifungal drugs and could aid in the study of antifungal-drug resistance mechanisms. In this study, we demonstrate that three cytochrome
b
5
-like Dap proteins coordinately regulate the azole resistance and ergosterol biosynthesis catalyzed by cytochrome P450 proteins. Our new insights into the Dap regulatory system in fungal pathogens may have broad therapeutic ramifications beyond their usefulness for classic azole antifungals. Moreover, our elucidation of the molecular mechanism of Dap regulation of cytochrome P450 protein functionality through heme-binding activity may extend beyond the Kingdom Fungi with applicability toward Dap protein regulation of mammalian sterol synthesis.
Quality improvement: The delivery of true early mobilisation in an intensive care unit
Authors: van Willigen Zoe , Collings Nikki , Richardson Dominic , Cusack Rebecca 
Published: January 2017

Early mobilisation initiatives within the critical care environment have been shown to improve outcomes for patients. Early mobilisation has been defined as occurring within the first two to five days of the intensive care stay, but in practice this can be difficult to deliver.We conducted a quality improvement (QI) project to deliver early mobilisation in a large general intensive care unit. Mechanically ventilated medical patients received an integrated package of care involving two additional daily sessions of mobility therapy, in combination with minimal sedation where possible.Prospective baseline data was collected from January to March 2012; the QI project commenced in April 2012. Improvement cycle 1 completed in March 2015 and improvement cycle 2 in March 2016. Results have suggested a reduction in time to first mobilisation for intensive care survivors from 16.3 days in 2012, to 4.3 days at the end of improvement cycle 2. This was associated with a decrease in mean intensive care length of stay from 20.8 days in 2012, to 11.2 days at the end of improvement cycle 2.This QI project enabled patients to mobilise out of bed within the first five days of their intensive care stay and to be discharged earlier from the ICU, on going analysis is required to verify these findings.
Minority stress factors as mediators of sexual orientation disparities in mental health treatment: a longitudinal population-based study
Authors: Bränström Richard 
Published: January 2017

BackgroundSubstantial mental health disparities between lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals compared with heterosexuals have been identified. The aim was to examine potential sexual orientation-based disparities in mental health treatment in a prospectively analysed population-based sample in Sweden and to explore potential moderators and mediators.Method30 730 individuals from the Stockholm Public Health Cohort were followed up with questionnaires and registry-based health record data on psychiatric healthcare visits and prescription drug use between 1 January 2011 and 31 December 2011.ResultsIn adjusted analyses, gay and lesbian individuals were more likely to receive treatment for anxiety disorders (adjusted ORs (AOR)=3.80; 95% CI 2.54 to 5.69) and to use antidepressant medication (AOR=2.13; 95% CI 1.62 to 2.79); and bisexuals were more likely to receive treatment for mood disorders (AOR=1.58; 95% CI 1.00 to 2.48), anxiety disorders (AOR=3.23; 95% CI 2.22 to 4.72) and substance use disorders (AOR=1.91; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.25), and to use antidepressant medication (AOR=1.91; 95% CI 1.12 to 3.25) when compared with heterosexuals. The largest mental health treatment disparities based on sexual orientation were found among bisexual women, gay men and younger lesbian women. More frequent experiences of victimisation/threat of violence and lack of social support could partially explain these disparities.ConclusionsThis study shows a substantially elevated risk of poor mental health among LGB individuals as compared with heterosexuals. Findings support several factors outlined in the minority stress theory in explaining the mechanisms behind these disparities.
Global Optimization of Fixed-Priority Real-Time Systems by RTOS-Aware Control-Flow Analysis
Authors: Dietrich Christian , Hoffmann Martin , Lohmann Daniel 
Published: January 2017

Cyber--physical systems typically target a dedicated purpose; their embedded real-time control system, such as an automotive control unit, is designed with a well-defined set of functionalities. On the software side, this results in a large amount of implicit and explicit static knowledge about the system and its behavior already at compile time. Compilers have become increasingly better at extracting and exploiting such static knowledge. For instance, many optimizations have been lifted up to the interprocedural or even to the whole-program level. However, whole-program optimizations generally stop at the application--kernel boundary: control-flow transitions between different threads are not yet analyzed.
In this article, we cross the application--kernel boundary by combining the semantics of a real-time operating system (RTOS) with deterministic fixed-priority scheduling (e.g., OSEK/AUTOSAR, ARINC 653, μITRON, POSIX.4) and the explicit application knowledge to enable system-wide, flow-sensitive compiler optimizations. We present two methods to extract a cross-kernel, control-flow--graph that provides a global view on all possible execution paths of a real-time system. Having this knowledge at hand, we tailor the operating system kernel more closely to the particular application scenario. For the example of a real-world safety-critical control system, we present three possible use cases. (1) Runtime optimizations, by means of specialized system calls for each call site, allow one speed up the kernel execution path by 28% in our benchmark scenario. Furthermore, we target transient hardware fault tolerance with two automated software-based countermeasures: (2) generation of OS state assertions on the expected system behavior, and (3) a system-wide dominator-region based control-flow error detection, both of which leverage significant robustness improvements.