bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deairing Techniques for Double‐Ended Centrifugal Total Artificial Heart Implantation
Authors: Karimov Jamshid H. , Horvath David J. , Byram Nicole , Sunagawa Gengo , Grady Patrick , Sinkewich Martin , Moazami Nader , Sale Shiva , Golding Leonard A.R. , Fukamachi Kiyotaka 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe unique device architecture of the Cleveland Clinic continuous‐flow total artificial heart (CFTAH) requires dedicated and specific air‐removal techniques during device implantation in vivo. These procedures comprise special surgical techniques and intraoperative manipulations, as well as engineering design changes and optimizations to the device itself. The current study evaluated the optimal air‐removal techniques during the Cleveland Clinic double‐ended centrifugal CFTAH in vivo implants (n = 17). Techniques and pump design iterations consisted of developing a priming method for the device and the use of built‐in deairing ports in the early cases (n = 5). In the remaining cases (n = 12), deairing ports were not used. Dedicated air‐removal ports were not considered an essential design requirement, and such ports may represent an additional risk for pump thrombosis. Careful passive deairing was found to be an effective measure with a centrifugal pump of this design. In this report, the techniques and design changes that were made during this CFTAH development program to enable effective residual air removal and prevention of air embolism during in vivo device implantation are explained.
Short‐term efficacy and safety of ranibizumab for macular oedema secondary to retinal vein occlusion in Japanese patients
Authors: Kamei Motohiro , Terasaki Hiroko , Yoshimura Nagahisa , Shiraga Fumio , Ogura Yuichiro , Grotzfeld Andrea Suhner , Pilz Stefan , Ishibashi Tatsuro 
Published: September 2016

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of ranibizumab 0.5 mg in Japanese patients with visual impairment due to macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) or central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) and to support the applicability of the phase III results from Caucasian to Japanese populations.MethodsThis is a 3‐month, open‐label, single‐arm, multicentre, phase III study. Thirty‐one patients (15 BRVO and 16 CRVO) aged ≥18 years with a best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) letter score of 19–73 (BRVO) or 24–73 (CRVO) were included. The primary end‐point was the mean average change in BCVA from baseline to month 1 through month 3 after three consecutive monthly intravitreal injections of ranibizumab 0.5 mg. Secondary end‐points were mean change in BCVA and central subfield thickness (CSFT), categorized BCVA, and safety over 3 months.ResultsAt month 3, the mean average change in BCVA improved substantially from baseline for BRVO (11.3 letters, p = 0.001) and CRVO (6.7 letters, p = 0.019). The mean BCVA improved (12.8 and 9.1 letters) and the mean CSFT decreased (212.5 and 442.1 μm) from baseline to month 3. At month 3, 26.7% (BRVO) and 31.3% (CRVO) of the patients had a gain of ≥15 letters from baseline. Safety findings in this study were similar to those reported in the previous clinical trials.ConclusionRanibizumab was effective in improving BCVA and was well tolerated in Japanese patients with BRVO and CRVO. The findings from this study were consistent with those reported in the Caucasian population.
Considering the needs of indigenous and local populations in conservation programs
Authors: Kohler Florent , Brondizio Eduardo S. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractLocal rural and indigenous communities have assumed increasing responsibility for conservation within and between areas buffering the impacts of agricultural or resource‐extraction zones and protected areas. Empowering local communities as central partners in conservation and climate‐change mitigation has allowed many people to gain access to land and citizenship rights but has provided limited improvements in access to social services and economic opportunities even as expectation about their role as environmental stewards grows. These expectations, however, are inconsistent with reality. We conducted multiple field studies in Brazil since the mid‐1980s to illustrate the discrepancies between conservation programs and local conditions and expectations. We suggest that public policies and conservation programs should not delegate responsibility for managing protected areas to local and indigenous communities without considering local needs and expectations and locals’ attitudes toward conservation. In other words, behavior that maintains or improves the environment should not be treated as traditional based on the expectations of outsiders. Framing local populations as traditional environmentalists creates contradictions and frustrations for local populations and for conservation professionals and policy makers.
EBUS may arise as an initial time saving procedure in patients who are suspected to have small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ozturk Ayperi , Demirci Nilgun Yilmaz , Aktas Zafer , Demirag Funda , Alagoz Ali , Alici İbrahim Onur , Yilmaz Aydın 
Published: September 2016

AbstractBackgroundSmall cell lung cancer (SCLC) commonly presents as hilar/mediastinal masses. In some occasions, conventional flexible bronchoscopy fails and a substantial amount of time is lost until establishing the diagnosis.ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to demonstrate the superiority of endobronchial ultrasound‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS‐TBNA) compared to conventional methods in establishing the diagnosis as an initial modality as well as to point out the saved time until the diagnosis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed the patients who were diagnosed as SCLC by EBUS‐TBNA between April 2010 and January 2016. The demographics of the patients, smoking history were all recorded. We also compared the time between the first computed tomography (1stCT) and first diagnostic procedure (1stDP), 1stDP and final diagnosis (FDx), 1stCT and FDx, and 1stDP and EBUS procedure were also compared.ResultsOne hundred and thirty‐three patients were included in the study. The diagnostic yield of EBUS‐TBNA was 98.5%. The mean time between the 1stCT and 1stDP; 1stDP and FDx; 1stCT and FDx; 1stDP and EBUS procedure were 7.0 ± 9.0; 11.8 ± 16.1; 18.8 ± 17.9; and 10.8 ± 16.0 days, respectively. The time between 1stCT to 1stDP was not significantly different in patients with or without previous diagnostic procedures. However, the time between 1stDP to FDx and 1stCT to FDx were significantly higher in the patients with previous procedures (P < .001). The difference in time between 1stDP to FDx and 1stCT to FDx was also similar in patients with only hilar and/or mediastinal lesions (P = .001, P = .006, respectively).ConclusionEBUS‐TBNA may be an initial diagnostic procedure in SCLC. Patients with only hilar/mediastinal masses without any endobronchial lesion could be directed to centers with the capability for performing EBUS‐TBNA to have a rapid diagnosis without any time loss.
A worldwide perspective on the management and control of Dothistroma needle blight
Authors: Bulman L. S. , Bradshaw R. E. , Fraser S. , Martín‐García J. , Barnes I. , Musolin D. L. , La Porta N. , Woods A. J. , Diez J. J. , Koltay A. , Drenkhan R. , Ahumada R. , Poljakovic‐Pajnik L. , Queloz V. , Piškur B. , Doğmuş‐Lehtijärvi H. T. , Chira D. , Tomešová‐Haataja V. , Georgieva M. , Jankovský L. , Anselmi N. , Markovskaja S. , Papazova‐Anakieva I. , Sotirovski K. , Lazarević J. , Adamčíková K. , Boroń P. , Bragança H. , Vettraino A. M. , Selikhovkin A. V. , Bulgakov T. S. , Tubby K. 
Published: September 2016

SummaryDothistroma needle blight (DNB) caused by Dothistroma septosporum and Dothistroma pini is a damaging disease of pine in many countries. The disease led to the abandonment of planting susceptible Pinus species in parts of Africa, Asia, Australasia, Europe and North America. Although the disease can be effectively controlled using copper fungicides, this chemical is only routinely applied in forests in New Zealand and Australia. Other management tactics aimed at making conditions less favourable for disease development, such as thinning or pruning, may be effective on some, but not all, sites. Disease avoidance, by planting non‐susceptible species, is the most common form of management in Europe, along with deployment of hosts with strong disease resistance. Although D. septosporum is present almost everywhere Pinus is grown, it is important that an effort is maintained to exclude introductions of new haplotypes that could increase virulence or enable host resistance to be overcome. A global strategy to exclude new introductions of Dothistroma and other damaging forest pathogens, facilitated by collaborative programmes and legislation, is needed.
Optogenetic activation of melanin‐concentrating hormone neurons increases non‐rapid eye movement and rapid eye movement sleep during the night in rats
Authors: Blanco‐Centurion Carlos , Liu Meng , Konadhode Roda P. , Zhang Xiaobing , Pelluru Dheeraj , van den Pol Anthony N. , Shiromani Priyattam J. 
Published: September 2016

AbstractNeurons containing melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) are located in the hypothalamus. In mice, optogenetic activation of the MCH neurons induces both non‐rapid eye movement (NREM) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep at night, the normal wake‐active period for nocturnal rodents [R. R. Konadhode et al. (2013) J. Neurosci., 33, 10257–10263]. Here we selectively activate these neurons in rats to test the validity of the sleep network hypothesis in another species. Channelrhodopsin‐2 (ChR2) driven by the MCH promoter was selectively expressed by MCH neurons after injection of rAAV‐MCHp‐ChR2‐EYFP into the hypothalamus of Long–Evans rats. An in vitro study confirmed that the optogenetic activation of MCH neurons faithfully triggered action potentials. In the second study, in Long–Evans rats, rAAV‐MCH‐ChR2, or the control vector, rAAV‐MCH‐EYFP, were delivered into the hypothalamus. Three weeks later, baseline sleep was recorded for 48 h without optogenetic stimulation (0 Hz). Subsequently, at the start of the lights‐off cycle, the MCH neurons were stimulated at 5, 10, or 30 Hz (1 mW at tip; 1 min on – 4 min off) for 24 h. Sleep was recorded during the 24‐h stimulation period. Optogenetic activation of MCH neurons increased both REM and NREM sleep at night, whereas during the day cycle, only REM sleep was increased. Delta power, an indicator of sleep intensity, was also increased. In control rats without ChR2, optogenetic stimulation did not increase sleep or delta power. These results lend further support to the view that sleep‐active MCH neurons contribute to drive sleep in mammals.
The effect of increased nitrogen load on phytoplankton in a phosphorus‐limited lake
Authors: Poxleitner Monika , Trommer Gabriele , Lorenz Patrick , Stibor Herwig 
Published: September 2016

Summary

Widespread use of artificial fertilisers and the burning of fossil fuels and/or biomass release a large amount of reactive nitrogen into the atmosphere. So far, the effects of increasing nitrogen deposition from the atmosphere have mainly been studied in nitrogen‐limited limnic and marine systems. Interestingly, in phosphorus‐limited lakes, additional nitrogen input might not affect phytoplankton biomass, but rather increase mainly the degree of phosphorus limitation. The resulting effects on plankton communities are difficult to predict and quantify.

To estimate the effects of increasing nitrogen load on a spring phytoplankton community in a primarily phosphorus‐limited system, a mesocosm experiment was performed in an oligotrophic lake, in which a gradient of six increasing nitrogen enrichment levels was applied.

During the initial phytoplankton growth phase (spring bloom), molar, seston nitrogen:phosphorus ratios increased from 43 to 72 and carbon:phosphorus ratios from 328 to 542 with increasing nitrogen enrichment, indicating increased phosphorus limitation. Three commonly used phytoplankton biomass proxies (phytoplankton biovolume, chlorophyll a and particulate organic carbon) showed only minor responses to nitrogen enrichment. Different groups and species of phytoplankton varied in their responses to the nitrogen enrichment in both the growth phase (spring bloom) and the descending phase (clear water phase).

Overall, we detected an effect of nitrogen enrichment on phytoplankton stoichiometry and community composition. The observed changes in the phytoplankton community combined with changes in abundances of heterotrophic nanoflagellates and ciliates indicate bottom‐up driven alterations of the basal food web due to increased nitrogen loads.
Reconceptualizing object construction: the dynamics of Building Information Modelling in construction design
Authors: Miettinen Reijo , Paavola Sami 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe article discusses the concepts of object and object construction through studying the collaborative use of Building Information Modelling (BIM) in construction design. It suggests that a combined BIM model in design can be regarded as an ideal or special object, as suggested by Ilyenkov in his theory of the ideal. The concepts of intermediary object and artefact help in analysing the cycles of construction of such an object in design. BIM models as modifiable digital artefacts contribute to their capability of functioning as tools of individual design work and collaboration as well as means of objectifying the outcomes of design cycles into intermediary objects. We argue that the uses of combined BIM models give birth to a new modality of spatial thought, perception and collaborative problem solving in construction design.
Provisional epidemiological cutoff values for standard broth microdilution susceptibility testing of Flavobacterium columnare
Authors: Gieseker C M , Crosby T C , Woods L C 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe gliding aquatic bacterium Flavobacterium columnare causes columnaris disease, a common problem for wild and farmed freshwater fish worldwide. Recently, a broth microdilution method was standardized to test the susceptibility of F. columnare against antimicrobials commonly used in aquaculture. We used this new method to measure the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ten antimicrobials against 120 F. columnare isolates. The resulting MIC frequency distributions for each antimicrobial (1 MIC/isolate) were used to estimate epidemiological cut‐off values (ECVs) which separate isolates with typical wild‐type (WT) susceptibility from isolates with decreased non‐wild‐type (NWT) susceptibility. We identified 22 NWT isolates with elevated MICs relative to the ECV that covered 99.9% of the MIC distribution against one or more of the antimicrobials: ampicillin, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, oxolinic acid or oxytetracycline. Ten of the NWT isolates had decreased susceptibility to a single antimicrobial class, six isolates to two antimicrobial classes and six isolates to three or more antimicrobial classes. The MIC frequency distributions and provisional cut‐off values provide data needed to set epidemiological cut‐off values to monitor for the development of antimicrobial resistance among F. columnare.
Validation of a serum neutralization test for detection of antibodies specific to cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in infected common and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Cabon J , Louboutin L , Castric J , Bergmann S , Bovo G , Matras M , Haenen O , Olesen N J , Morin T 
Published: September 2016

AbstractCyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV‐3) is the aetiological agent of a serious infective, notifiable disease affecting common carp and varieties. In survivors, infection is generally characterized by a subclinical latency phase with restricted viral replication. The CyHV‐3 genome is difficult to detect in such carrier fish that represent a potential source of dissemination if viral reactivation occurs. In this study, the analytical and diagnostic performance of an alternative serum neutralization (SN) method based on the detection of CyHV‐3‐specific antibodies was assessed using 151 serum or plasma samples from healthy and naturally or experimentally CyHV‐3‐infected carp. French CyHV‐3 isolate 07/108b was neutralized efficiently by sera from carp infected with European, American and Taiwanese CyHV‐3 isolates, but no neutralization was observed using sera specific to other aquatic herpesviruses. Diagnostic sensitivity, diagnostic specificity and repeatability of 95.9%, 99.0% and 99.3%, respectively, were obtained, as well as a compliance rate of 89.9% in reproducibility testing. Neutralizing antibodies were steadily detected in infected carp subjected to restrictive or permissive temperature variations over more than 25 months post‐infection. The results suggest that this non‐lethal diagnostic test could be used in the future to improve the epidemiological surveillance and control of CyHV‐3 disease.
Prevalence and tracing of persistent Listeria monocytogenes strains in meat processing facility production chain
Authors: Véghová Adriana , Minarovičová Jana , Koreňová Janka , Drahovská Hana , Kaclíková Eva 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThis work was aimed at determining the occurrence and diversity of Listeria monocytogenes in a traditional meat‐processing facility to reveal persistent contamination. A total of 268 samples, including 196 environmental samples and 72 meat samples were collected during a four‐year period, and 70 were found to be L. monocytogenes positive. Molecular serotyping of 77 isolates classified these strains into four serogroups, with the majority of 34 strains in serogroup IIa. To reveal the persistent contamination, subtyping by AscI/ApaI‐PFGE was applied. Cluster analysis resulted in strain discrimination into 18 profiles. Strains with PFGE/MLST‐ST classification as 1/ST9, 2/ST14 and 9/ST2 were predominant and considered persistent. Based on the results of PFGE, a spatial and temporal map of persistent L. monocytogenes contamination was drawn. Subtyping by PFGE was used as a reliable tool to reveal persistent contamination and, complemented with virulence characteristics, can contribute to the improvement of L. monocytogenes control programs in food processing.Practical applicationListeria monocytogenes is a food‐borne pathogen with significant public health and economic impact. This study, focused on prevalence and tracing of L. monocytogenes strains in a traditional meat‐processing facility, revealed persistent contamination by the pathogen. Data of PFGE profiling from repeated samplings over a four‐year period facilitated to draw a spatial and temporal map of persistent L. monocytogenes strains spreading in a meat‐processing facility and, subsequently, will allow optimisation of cleaning and disinfection measures to ensure hygiene. Based on the detection of virulence factors, persistent ECIII and comK prophage‐positive strains were observed, indicating a higher risk of contamination by more virulent L. monocytogenes strains. The obtained results clearly indicate, that most attention should be paid to control strategy improvement in the meat processing chain focused preferably on prevention, not only to final products.
Anti‐Listerial inhibitory lactic acid bacteria in fresh farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets during storage at 4 °C under vacuum‐packed conditions
Authors: Boulares Mouna , Mankai Mélika , Sadok Saloua , Hassouna Mnasser 
Published: September 2016

AbstractThe inhibition capacity of four combinations of three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) (Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus plantarum and Carnobacterium piscicola) has been demonstrated against Listeria monocytogenes in fresh farmed sea bass fillets artificially contaminated. The four combinations gave promising results, having a significant bacteriostatic effect against all tested microflora, during 21 days of vacuum storage at 4 °C.Throughout storage, biochemical alteration appeared more pronounced in farmed sea bass fillets inoculated with pure Listeria, with significantly higher levels of total volatile bases (TVB‐N) and trimethylamine (TMA‐N). Moreover, the inoculation of LAB combinations was efficient in preventing the decrease of lipid and protein contents and preserving a good content of ω‐3 fatty acids, particularly the eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5N3) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6N3).Besides, the proteolytic activity on sarcoplasmic proteins (SP) and myofibrillar proteins (MP) was determined by Sodium dodecyl sulphate–poly‐acrylamide gel electrophoresis, comparing the protein profile of control fish fillets with those inoculated with LAB strains or/and L. monocytogenes, during vacuum refrigerated storage.Practical ApplicationsDue to the increase of interest in food‐grade preservatives of biological origin, food preservation became a challenge since several foodborne pathogens pose a health risk to consumers and cause serious hazard in food products. Listeria monocytogenes is an important food poisoning pathogen that can survive in lightly preserved seafood products stored at low temperatures. Considering this, biopreservation of fresh farmed sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets during 21 days of vacuum storage at 4 °C using four combinations of LAB strains originating from fresh seafood and having important antagonistic effect, and low proteolytic and lipolytic activities, is a promising way to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as L. monocytogenes without changing the quality of the product and to guarantee adequate product safety.
Relationship Between Frailty and Oral Function in Community‐Dwelling Elderly Adults
Authors: Watanabe Yutaka , Hirano Hirohiko , Arai Hidenori , Morishita Shiho , Ohara Yuki , Edahiro Ayako , Murakami Masaharu , Shimada Hiroyuki , Kikutani Takeshi , Suzuki Takao 
Published: September 2016

ObjectivesTo determine the standard values of and age‐related changes in objective oral function of healthy older people; compare oral function of robust, prefrail, and frail older people; and determine the association between oral function and frailty.DesignCross‐sectional analysis.SettingGeneral community.ParticipantsElderly adults (≥65) from the Obu Study of Health Promotion for the Elderly were included and assigned to the robust, prefrail, and frail groups (N = 4,720).MeasurementsEach participant underwent detailed physical testing to assess frailty. The frailty phenotype was defined according to the presence of limitations in three or more of the following five domains: mobility, strength, endurance, physical activity, and nutrition. The numbers of present teeth and functional teeth were counted, and occlusal force, masseter muscle thickness, and oral diadochokinesis (ODK) rate were measured, along with sociodemographic and functional status, comorbidities, and blood chemistry.ResultsThe number of present teeth, occlusal force, masseter muscle thickness, and ODK rate decreased with age. The frail group had significantly fewer present teeth (women aged ≥70), lower occlusal force (women aged ≥70; men aged ≥80), lower masseter muscle thickness, and lower ODK rate than the robust group. Multivariate analysis indicated that age, Geriatric Depression Scale score, skeletal muscle mass index, Mini‐Mental State Examination score, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, albumin and triglyceride levels, and oral function were significantly associated with frailty.ConclusionAge‐related differences in oral function were found in older adults. Moreover, frail older individuals had significantly poorer oral function than prefrail and robust individuals. The risk of frailty was associated with lower occlusal force, masseter muscle thickness, and ODK rate.