Fibroblast-specific deletion of ERBB4 impairs cardiac regeneration in neonatal mice
Authors: Van Den Bogaert S , Eens S , Cools J M T , Vermont M , Segers V F M , De Keulenaer G W 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Scarless regeneration of the neonatal mammalian heart is a remarkable but poorly understood process. Previous studies have shown that paracrine actions of neuregulin-1 (NRG1) are indispensable to stimulate cardiomyocyte proliferation in the injured neonatal heart, and are mediated by activation of the ERBB4 receptor. It remains unclear, however, whether NRG1 also contributes to other steps of neonatal cardiac regeneration, e.g. to the control of collagen synthesis by fibroblasts, hence contributing to scarless healing.

Purpose
To study temporal evolution of the infarct size during 21 days after myocardial infarction (MI) in neonatal fibroblast-specific Erbb4 knock-out (KO) and wild type (WT) mice. We hypothesized that scarless healing would be completed within 21 days in WT mice, and incomplete in KO mice.

Methods
Fibroblast-specific hemizygous Erbb4 KO (FB-Erbb4-KO) mice were generated (Erbb4F/+ Col1a2-Cre+, C57BL/6 background), because fibroblast-specific nullizygous Erbb4 KO were not viable. Validation of the KO was performed both on RNA (qPCR) and protein (western blot) level. MI was induced in one-day old FB-Erbb4-KO and WT littermates of both sexes by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery under hypothermic anaesthesia. Pups from both groups were euthanized at 4 (WT, n=9; KO, n=11), 7 (WT, n=12; KO, n=4), 10 (WT, n=11; KO, n=7) and 21 (WT, n=16; KO, n=8) days post-MI. Following dissection, hearts were formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded for histopathological evaluation. Transverse sections were cut at 4 distinct locations from the ligation site to the apex and stained with Masson’s Trichrome for infarct scar measurement. Genotyping was performed post-mortem and unblinded after data analysis.

Results
Both the transgenic mice model and the LAD ligation technique were successfully validated. No significant differences in the initial infarct scar size were observed between WT and FB-Erbb4-KO mice 4 days post-MI (p=0.6556). 7-days post-MI the infarct scar size was 6-fold smaller compared to 4 days post-MI in both FB-Erbb4-KO and WT mice, with a trend towards a larger infarct scar size in the FB-Erbb4-KO group compared to WT (p=0.0989). At day 10 post-MI, infarct scar size in the FB-Erbb4-KO group was significantly larger (p=0.0499) compared to WT. At 21 days post-MI, the infarct size had almost completely disappeared in the WT group, but remained clearly present in the FB-Erbb4-KO group (Fig. 1, p=0.0099). Infarct scar sizes at all timepoints are graphically shown in Fig. 2.

Conclusion
Fibroblast-specific deletion of the ERBB4 receptor causes incomplete resolution of the infarct scar in murine neonates 21 days after MI. While the initial infarct scar size 4 days after injury is the same, impaired scar resolution becomes progressively more evident towards day 21 post-MI. These findings indicate that scarless healing of the neonatal mammalian heart requires NRG1/ERBB4 signalling in fibroblasts.Fig. 1Fig. 2