bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Lupinus albus seeds on digestibility, performance and gastrointestinal tract indices in pigs
Authors: Kasprowicz‐Potocka M. , Zaworska A. , Kaczmarek S. , Hejdysz M. , Mikuła R. , Rutkowski A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe effect of soya bean meal (SBM) substitution in the diet with white lupine (WL) seeds on performances and some parameters of the digestive tract of pigs were studied. The digestibility experiment was performed on 30 pigs using difference method combined with marker method, where one group was offered basal diet and in diet of experimental groups 25% of the basal diet was substituted with SBM or WL meal. The growth experiment was conducted on 48 pigs of approximately 20 kg body weight. The animals from the control group were fed with diet containing SBM, whereas in the experimental groups 50% or 100% of SBM was substituted with WL seeds. At the end of the experiment, eight pigs from each group were euthanized, and digesta and tissues were sampled. The apparent total tract digestibility of crude protein and dry matter was higher (p < 0.05), but crude fibre and ether extract were lower (p < 0.05) in the WL seeds than in SBM. Substituting 50% of SBM in the control diet with WL seeds did not affect significantly pig performance. Total substitution of SBM with WL seeds impacted negatively pigs growth and feed intake (p < 0.05), but it did not affect the length of villi and crypt depth. It also significantly increased ileum digesta viscosity and ammonia concentration in the ileum and caecum digesta. In the ileal digesta of animals offered WL seeds, an increased (p < 0.05) total bacterial and Enterobacteriaceae numbers were found, whereas reduced number of yeast and mould was found in the caecal digesta. The substitution of 50% SBM with WL seeds in the growing pig diet did not affect pigs' results, but the total substitution significantly decreased the performance of pigs and affected intestinal ecology.
Inductors and regulatory properties of the genomic island‐associated fru2 metabolic operon of Streptococcus agalactiae
Authors: Patron Kévin , Gilot Philippe , Rong Vanessa , Hiron Aurélia , Mereghetti Laurent , Camiade Emilie 
Published: November 2016

SummaryThe fru2 metabolic operon of Streptococcus agalactiae encodes the phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) enzyme II complex Fru2 (EIIBFru2, EIIAFru2, and EIICFru2); Fru2R, a transcriptional activator with PTS regulatory domains (PRDs); a d‐allulose‐6‐phosphate 3‐epimerase; a transaldolase; and a transketolase. We showed that the transcription of fru2 is induced during the stationary phase of growth in complex media and during incubation in human cerebrospinal or amniotic fluids. d‐allose and d‐ribose are environmental signals governing this induction. PTSFru2 is involved in the activation of the fru2 promoter, and the histidine‐67 of EIIAFru2 and the cysteine‐9 of EIIBFru2 are important for this function. The activation of fru2 is also controlled by Fru2R. The histidine‐243 in the PRD1 domain, the histidine‐323 in the PRD2 domain, the cysteine‐400 in the EIIB‐like domain, and the histidine‐549 in the EIIA‐like domain are important for the function of Fru2R. Fru2R binds to a DNA region containing palindromic sequences upstream of the identified transcriptional start site. EIIBFru2 interacts physically with the C‐terminal part of Fru2R (expressing the EIIB‐like and EIIA‐like motifs) and with EIIAFru2. We propose a model of regulation of fru2 depending on the presence of an activatory carbohydrate in the growth medium.
Evidence for the functions of surface‐active behaviors in humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae)
Authors: Kavanagh Ailbhe S. , Owen Kylie , Williamson Michael J. , Blomberg Simon P. , Noad Michael J. , Goldizen Anne W. , Kniest Eric , Cato Douglas H. , Dunlop Rebecca A. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractAs part of their social sound repertoire, migrating humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) perform a large variety of surface‐active behaviors, such as breaching and repetitive slapping of the pectoral fins and tail flukes; however, little is known about what factors influence these behaviors and what their functions might be. We investigated the potential functions of surface‐active behaviors in humpback whale groups by examining the social and environmental contexts in which they occurred. Focal observations on 94 different groups of whales were collected in conjunction with continuous acoustic monitoring, and data on the social and environmental context of each group. We propose that breaching may play a role in communication between distant groups as the probability of observing this behavior decreased significantly when the nearest whale group was within 4,000 m compared to beyond 4,000 m. Involvement in group interactions, such as the splitting of a group or a group joining with other whales, was an important factor in predicting the occurrence of pectoral, fluke, and peduncle slapping, and we suggest that they play a role in close‐range or within‐group communication. This study highlights the potentially important and diverse roles of surface‐active behaviors in the communication of migrating humpback whales.
Quantitative trait locus mapping reveals complex genetic architecture of quantitative virulence in the wheat pathogenZymoseptoria tritici
Authors: Stewart Ethan l. , Croll Daniel , Lendenmann Mark H. , Sanchez‐Vallet Andrea , Hartmann Fanny E. , Palma‐Guerrero Javier , Ma Xin , McDonald Bruce A. 
Published: November 2016

SummaryWe conducted a comprehensive analysis of virulence in the fungal wheat pathogenZymoseptoria triticiusing quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping. High‐throughput phenotyping based on automated image analysis allowed the measurement of pathogen virulence on a scale and with a precision that was not previously possible. Across two mapping populations encompassing more than 520 progeny, 540 710 pycnidia were counted and their sizes and grey values were measured. A significant correlation was found between pycnidia size and both spore size and number. Precise measurements of percentage leaf area covered by lesions provided a quantitative measure of host damage. Combining these large and accurate phenotypic datasets with a dense panel of restriction site‐associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) genetic markers enabled us to genetically dissect pathogen virulence into components related to host damage and those related to pathogen reproduction. We showed that different components of virulence can be under separate genetic control. Large‐ and small‐effect QTLs were identified for all traits, with some QTLs specific to mapping populations, cultivars and traits and other QTLs shared among traits within the same mapping population. We associated the presence of four accessory chromosomes with small, but significant, increases in several virulence traits, providing the first evidence for a meaningful function associated with accessory chromosomes in this organism. A large‐effect QTL involved in host specialization was identified on chromosome 7, leading to the identification of candidate genes having a large effect on virulence.
Climate drives shifts in grass reproductive phenology across the western USA
Authors: Munson Seth M. , Long A. Lexine 
Published: November 2016

Summary

The capacity of grass species to alter their reproductive timing across space and through time can indicate their ability to cope with environmental variability and help predict their future performance under climate change.

We determined the long‐term (1895–2013) relationship between flowering times of grass species and climate in space and time using herbarium records across ecoregions of the western USA.

There was widespread concordance of C3 grasses accelerating flowering time and general delays for C4 grasses with increasing mean annual temperature, with the largest changes for annuals and individuals occurring in more northerly, wetter ecoregions. Flowering time was delayed for most grass species with increasing mean annual precipitation across space, while phenology–precipitation relationships through time were more mixed.

Our results suggest that the phenology of most grass species has the capacity to respond to increases in temperature and altered precipitation expected with climate change, but weak relationships for some species in time suggest that climate tracking via migration or adaptation may be required. Divergence in phenological responses among grass functional types, species, and ecoregions suggests that climate change will have unequal effects across the western USA.
A curious case of unexplained physical reaction to dental local anaesthetic
Authors: Crane H. , Carter A. , Andresen E. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis case report aims to highlight a very unusual adverse reaction to local anaesthetic, along with the implications for providers of dental treatment. Local anaesthetics (LA) are commonly used in dentistry to allow for pain‐free dental treatment. Adverse reactions to LA are reported to be very rare and are generally categorised into three groups; psychogenic, allergic and toxic. This case highlights a reaction which does not easily fit into one of these groups, where a patient appeared to become unconscious, with a hypotonic arm and became non‐communicative following every administration of LA. It took the patient up to an hour to recover from these episodes, unlike a normal episode of syncope which usually only takes a few minutes to recover from. Local anaesthetic direct challenge testing was performed, which proved there was no true allergic response to LA. This response appeared typical of conversion syndrome, a type of somatic disorder, which is a very unusual response to dental treatment. The complications to consider when managing these patients are discussed.
Pre‐operative Assessment for Arteriovenous Fistula Placement for Dialysis
Authors: Marques Maria G. , Ponce Pedro 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNative AV fistulas are considered to be the best VA for most dialysis patients. A careful preoperative process of care is essential to maximize the proportion of fistulas that achieve adequacy for dialysis. An individualized and timely evaluation of patients starts early with the identification of risk factors, followed by a physical examination which should be complemented by ultrasound vascular mapping in most cases. Vascular mapping includes any technique that leads to information on patient′s inflow and outflow anatomy (± hemodynamics) as they relate to arteriovenous access creation and may predict maturation. There is increasing evidence favoring the utilization of preoperative Doppler ultrasound which is recommended in all patients by NFK‐KDOQI Guidelines. It allows noninvasive evaluation of both structural and functional aspects of vessels that play an important role in access maturation. Its major limitation is the relative inability to assess central vein patency. Although conventional venography is still the gold standard to evaluate central veins, it provides otherwise limited information and can incur serious adverse effects related to its invasive nature and contrast use. Alternatives to these two imaging techniques are rarely used, especially because of their higher costs and low availability.
Age‐related changes in dermal fiber‐like structures in facial cheeks
Authors: Mizukoshi K. , Hirayama K. 
Published: November 2016

Background/PurposeDespite recent progress in non‐invasive measurement methods, such as in vivo laser confocal microscopy (CLSM), it is difficult to quantitatively measure age‐related changes in dermal fibrous structures in the face using these methods and qualitative characteristics. We used characteristics extracted from the analysis of CLSM images to quantitatively investigate the effects of aging on dermal fibrous structures in the face.MethodsCLSM images of dermal fibrous structures were obtained from 90 Japanese females, ranging in age from 20 to 60 years. The feature values of CLSM images were extracted using image analysis methods, such as short‐line segment‐matching processing and spatial frequency analysis. The qualitative characteristics of the dermal fibrous structures in the CLSM images were obtained by principal component analysis (PCA) of these feature values. The fibrous structures were scored on the basis of qualitative characteristics and then age‐related changes in the scores among the subjects were quantitatively evaluated.Results and ConclusionThe PCA results showed that there were two characteristics in the images of fibrous structures: clearness and directionality. The clearness of fibrous structures decreased and directionality isotropy increased with age.
Testing Sleep Consolidation in Skill Learning: A Field Study Using an Online Game
Authors: Stafford Tom , Haasnoot Erwin 
Published: November 2016

AbstractUsing an observational sample of players of a simple online game (n > 1.2 million), we are able to trace the development of skill in that game. Information on playing time, and player location, allows us to estimate time of day during which practice took place. We compare those whose breaks in practice probably contained a night's sleep and those whose breaks in practice probably did not contain a night's sleep. Our analysis confirms experimental evidence showing a benefit of spacing for skill learning, but it fails to find any additional benefit of sleeping during a break from practice. We discuss reasons why the well‐established phenomenon of sleep consolidation might not manifest in an observational study of skill development. We put the spacing effect into the context of the other known influences on skill learning: improvement with practice, and individual differences in initial performance. Analysis of performance data from games allows experimental results to be demonstrated outside of the lab and for experimental phenomenon to be put in the context of the performance of the whole task.
Eosinophilic meningomyelitis associated with T‐cell lymphoma in a cat
Authors: Bray Kathryn Y. , Muñana Karen R. , Meichner Kristina , White Laura A. , Seiler Gabriela 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA 12‐year‐old cat was presented for evaluation of progressive tetraparesis. Magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine demonstrated T2‐hyperintensity, and contrast enhancement within the C4–C7 spinal cord, with marked meningeal contrast enhancement and segmental nerve root thickening. Lumbar cerebrospinal fluid contained 407 total nucleated cells/μL, with 99% eosinophils. The cat transiently improved with prednisolone, clindamycin, and ivermectin therapy, but subsequently worsened and was euthanized. Necropsy revealed an asymmetric infiltration predominantly of the white matter, meninges, and nerve roots of the C4–C6 spinal cord segments by an unencapsulated, poorly demarcated neoplasm composed of atypical lymphocytes admixed with eosinophils, causing perivascular hemorrhage and lytic necrosis. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive for CD3, ultimately confirming T‐cell lymphoma.
What does your data tell you? How transfusion chain data can support managerial decision‐making
Authors: Janssen M. P. 
Published: November 2016

Background/IntroductionIn recent years, the expanding digitization of information has resulted in an abundance of data being collected. As a consequence, more and more data are available to support decision‐making. Despite the numerous examples where data have provided valuable insights, data can only contribute to solving those problems for which the right information is captured within the data.Methods/ResultsConceptually, the way in which data creates value is by providing new insights through revealing or highlighting existing patterns or associations. This knowledge can be used for example to develop a reference for interpretation of new (or alternative) data, or to identify clusters with (dis)similar characteristics. The increasing availability of data opens up new opportunities to enhance decision‐making. However, there are various pitfalls when analysing data, in particular when it involves data that is collected routinely. In most cases, additional modelling is also required in order to apply the data for decision‐making support.Three examples of utilizing routinely collected data to enhance managerial decision‐making within the blood supply are discussed: predicting donor population size and demographics, predicting future red blood cell demand and identifying test‐seeking behaviour among repeat donors. For each example, we will show how data analysis and (when applicable) subsequent modelling was transformed to relevant management information.ConclusionAnalyses of routinely collected data may provide invaluable information to support decision‐making. The information obtained may not only support decisions made, but may in addition allow quantification of the impact of the decision and provide guidance on how potential improvements are best achieved.
Involvement of DPP IV/CD26 in cutaneous wound healing process in mice
Authors: Baticic Pucar Lara , Pernjak Pugel Ester , Detel Dijana , Varljen Jadranka 
Published: November 2016

AbstractDipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV/CD26) is a widely distributed multifunctional protein that plays a significant role in different physiological as well as pathological processes having a broad spectrum of bioactive substrates and immunomodulative properties. It has potential influence on different processes crucial for wound healing, including cell adhesion, migration, apoptosis, and extracellular matrix degradation. However, despite its known enzymatic and immunomodulative functions, limited data characterize the role of DPP IV/CD26 in cutaneous wound healing mechanisms. The aim of this study was to investigate the process of wound healing in conditions of CD26 deficiency in order to obtain better insights on the role of DPP IV/CD26 in cutaneous regeneration. Experimental wounds were made on the dorsal part of CD26 deficient (CD26−/−) and wild‐type mice (C57BL/6). The process of cutaneous wound healing was monitored on defined time schedule postwounding by macroscopic, microscopic, and biochemical analyses. Obtained results revealed a better rate of wound closure, revascularization and cell proliferation in CD26−/− mice, with enhanced local expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor 1α and vascular endothelial growth factor. CD26 deficiency induced prompt macrophage recruitment at the site of skin damage but did not influence mobilization of T‐cells in comparison with wild‐type mice. CD26−/− mice have significantly higher values of IP‐10 in serum and control skins compared with wild‐type mice but values in wounds did not differ significantly on days 2, 4, and 7 of wound healing. DPP IV/CD26 activity was found to be decreased 4 days postwounding in serum and 2, 4, and 7 days postwounding in wounds of wild‐type animals compared with control skins. These findings contribute to better understanding of wound healing mechanisms and could give a support in finding new therapeutic approaches for wound healing and tissue regeneration.
Molecular phylogeny of flat‐footed flies (Diptera: Platypezidae): main clades supported by new morphological evidence
Authors: Tkoč Michal , Tóthová Andrea , Ståhls Gunilla , Chandler Peter J. , Vaňhara Jaromír 
Published: November 2016

The molecular phylogeny of flat‐footed flies is inferred from analysis of DNA sequence data from the five mitochondrial genes 12S, 16S, COI, COII and CytB, and the nuclear gene 28S and discussed with the recent systematics based on morphological features. The Bayesian inference, maximum likelihood and maximum parsimony analyses included 42 species of 18 genera, representing all four extant subfamilies (Microsaniinae, Melanderomyiinae, Callomyiinae and Platypezinae) and all known genera except one (Metaclythia). Representatives of the brachycerous taxa Lonchopteridae, Phoridae, Sciadocerinae (Phoridae) and Opetiidae are used as outgroups, and Lonchoptera was used to root the trees. Our results show Platypezidae consisting of two well‐supported clades, the first with the subfamilies Melanderomyiinae + Callomyiinae and the second formed by subfamily Platypezinae. Genus Microsania was resolved as a separate lineage distant from Platypezidae which clustered with Opetiidae as its sister group, both together forming a sister group to Platypezidae. At the generic level, the genus Agathomyia proved not to be monophyletic in any of the analyses. The species Chydaeopeza tibialis is sister to Agathomyia sexmaculata, and consequently, the genus Chydaeopeza Shatalkin, 1992 is a new junior synonym of Agathomyia Verrall, 1901. Bifurcated setae on legs of adult Platypezidae are documented as a new synapomorphy of the family, exclusive of Microsania. Outstretched wings and only a small overlap of their surfaces at resting position are considered a new synapomorphy for the subfamily Platypezinae. Other phylogenetically important characters defining main clades are documented, and their relevance/validity in phylogenetic studies is discussed. The current systematic concept of Platypezidae is discussed, and new phylogenetic hypotheses are proposed.
Clinical Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Patients with Macrolide-Resistant Mycobacterium massiliense Lung Disease
Authors: Choi Hayoung , Kim Su-Young , Lee Hyun , Jhun Byung Woo , Park Hye Yun , Jeon Kyeongman , Kim Dae Hun , Huh Hee Jae , Ki Chang-Seok , Lee Nam Yong , Lee Seung-Heon , Shin Sung Jae , Daley Charles L. , Koh Won-Jung 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACT

Macrolide antibiotics are cornerstones in the treatment of
Mycobacterium massiliense
lung disease. Despite the emergence of resistance, limited data on macrolide-resistant
M
.
massiliense
lung disease are available. This study evaluated the clinical features and treatment outcomes of patients and the molecular characteristics of macrolide-resistant
M
.
massiliense
isolates. We performed a retrospective review of medical records and genetic analyses of clinical isolates from 15 patients who had macrolide-resistant
M
.
massiliense
lung disease between September 2005 and February 2015. Nine patients (60%) had the nodular bronchiectatic form of the disease, and six (40%) had the fibrocavitary form. Before the detection of macrolide resistance, three patients (20%) were treated with macrolide monotherapy, four (27%) with therapy for presumed
Mycobacterium avium
complex infections, and eight (53%) with combination antibiotic therapy for
M
.
massiliense
lung disease. The median treatment duration after the detection of resistance was 18.7 months (interquartile range, 11.2 to 39.8 months). Treatment outcomes were poor, with a favorable outcome being achieved for only one patient (7%), who underwent surgery in addition to antibiotic therapy. The 1-, 3-, and 5-year mortality rates were 7, 13, and 33%, respectively. Of the 15 clinical isolates, 14 (93%) had point mutations at position 2058 (
n
= 9) or 2059 (
n
= 5) of the 23S rRNA gene, resulting in macrolide resistance. Our study indicates that treatment outcomes are poor and mortality rates are high after the development of macrolide resistance in patients with
M
.
massiliense
lung disease. Thus, preventing the development of macrolide resistance should be a key consideration during treatment.