bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between early childhood head injury and later life criminal behaviour: a longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Jackson Tracy L , Braun Joseph M , Mello Michael , Triche Elizabeth W , Buka Stephen L 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundChildhood head injury has been associated with the development of behavioural and psychological problems. This study examined the relationship between head injury in young childhood and subsequent criminal behaviour.MethodsData were from the Providence cohort of the Collaborative Perinatal Project, a multicentre longitudinal study aimed at identifying the role of perinatal and prenatal factors on child health. History of head injury between ages 0 and 7 years was ascertained from health records of 2893 children. In total, 120 (4%) of children had a head injury. Propensity score matching was used to match each head injury case to five controls. Negative binomial regression was used to estimate the relationship between head injury and number of arrests, and log binomial regression was used to estimate risk of conduct problems.ResultsThose who suffered any head injury from ages 0 to 7 years had approximately 1.5 times the rate of arrests and risk of conduct problems compared with uninjured controls, though results did not meet the p<0.05 threshold for statistical significance. Severe head injury was associated with a twofold increased rate of juvenile arrests (incident rate ratio=2.44, 95% CI 0.93 to 6.46) and risk of conduct problems (risk ratio=2.47, 95% CI 0.90 to 6.74) that approached statistical significance.ConclusionsHead injury in childhood was associated with increased criminality and conduct problems. Future work should identify mechanisms of this association in order to develop interventions to prevent criminal behaviour resulting from head injury.
Exploring Biological Motion Regularities of Human Actions
Authors: Noceti Nicoletta , Odone Francesca , Sciutti Alessandra , Sandini Giulio 
Published: June 2017

The ability to detect potentially interacting agents in the surrounding environment is acknowledged to be one of the first perceptual tasks developed by humans, supported by the ability to recognise biological motion. The precocity of this ability suggests that it might be based on rather simple motion properties, and it can be interpreted as an atomic building block of more complex perception tasks typical of interacting scenarios, as the understanding of non-verbal communication cues based on motion or the anticipation of others’ action goals.
In this article, we propose a novel perspective for video analysis, bridging cognitive science and machine vision, which leverages the use of computational models of the perceptual primitives that are at the basis of biological motion perception in humans.

Our work offers different contributions. In a first part, we propose an empirical formulation for the
Two-Thirds Power Law
, a well-known invariant law of human movement, and thoroughly discuss its readability in experimental settings of increasing complexity. In particular, we consider unconstrained video analysis scenarios, where, to the best of our knowledge, the invariant law has not found application so far.

The achievements of this analysis pave the way for the second part of the work, in which we propose and evaluate a general representation scheme for biological motion characterisation to discriminate biological movements with respect to non-biological dynamic events in video sequences. The method is proposed as the first layer of a more complex architecture for behaviour analysis and human-machine interaction, providing in particular a new way to approach the problem of human action understanding.
Muscle hypertrophy in prediabetic men after 16 wk of resistance training
Authors: Stuart Charles A. , Lee Michelle L. , South Mark A. , Howell Mary E. A. , Stone Michael H. 
Published: June 2017

Resistance training of healthy young men typically results in muscle hypertrophy and a shift in vastus lateralis composition away from type IIx fibers to an increase in IIa fiber content. Our previous studies of 8 wk of resistance training found that many metabolic syndrome men and women paradoxically increased IIx fibers with a decrease in IIa fibers. To confirm the hypothesis that obese subjects might have muscle remodeling after resistance training very different from healthy lean subjects, we subjected a group of nine obese male volunteers to progressive resistance training for a total of 16 wk. In these studies, weight loss was discouraged so that muscle changes would be attributed to the training alone. Detailed assessments included comparisons of histological examinations of needle biopsies of vastus lateralis muscle pretraining and at 8 and 16 wk. Prolonging the training from 8 to 16 wk resulted in increased strength, improved body composition, and more muscle fiber hypertrophy, but euglycemic clamp-quantified insulin responsiveness did not improve. Similar to prior studies, muscle fiber composition shifted toward more fast-twitch type IIx fibers (23 to 42%). Eight weeks of resistance training increased the muscle expression of phosphorylated Akt2 and mTOR. Muscle GLUT4 expression increased, although insulin receptor and IRS-1 expression did not change. We conclude that resistance training of prediabetic obese subjects is effective at changing muscle, resulting in fiber hypertrophy and increased type IIx fiber content, and these changes continue up to 16 wk of training.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Obese, insulin-resistant men responded to 16 wk of progressive resistance training with muscle hypertrophy and increased strength and a shift in muscle fiber composition toward fast-twitch, type IIx fibers. Activation of muscle mTOR was increased by 8 wk but did not increase further at 16 wk despite continued augmentation of peak power and rate of force generation.
Subcutaneous Adipocyte Lipolysis Contributes to Circulating Lipid Levels
Authors: Rydén Mikael , Arner Peter 
Published: June 2017

Objective—
Fatty acids released via fat cell lipolysis can affect circulating lipid levels. However, the contribution of different lipolysis measures in adipose tissue is unknown and was presently examined in isolated subcutaneous adipocytes.

Approach and Results—

One thousand and sixty-six men and women were examined for lipolysis regulation in subcutaneous abdominal fat cells. Results were compared with fasting plasma levels of total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides. Spontaneous (basal) lipolysis and the effects of the major hormones stimulating (catecholamines and natriuretic peptides) and inhibiting lipolysis (insulin) were examined. Several statistically significant (
P
<0.0001) correlations between the different lipolysis parameters and plasma lipids were observed. However, physiologically relevant correlations (adjusted
r
2
≥0.05) were only evident between basal or insulin-inhibited lipolysis and plasma triglycerides or HDL-C. Together, these lipolysis measures explained 14% of the variation in triglycerides or HDL-C, respectively. In comparison, a combination of established factors associated with variations in plasma lipids, that is, age; body mass index; waist circumference; waist-to-hip ratio; sex; nicotine use; fat cell volume; and pharmacotherapy against diabetes mellitus; hypertension; or hyperlipidemia explained 17% and 28%, respectively, of the variations in plasma triglycerides and HDL-C.

Conclusions—
Subcutaneous fat cell lipolysis is an important independent contributor to interindividual variations in plasma lipids. High spontaneous lipolysis activity and resistance to the antilipolytic effect of insulin associate with elevated triglyceride and low HDL-C concentrations. Thus, although several other factors also play a role, subcutaneous adipose tissue may have a causal influence on dyslipidemia.
Use of Statins and Outcomes in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Patients
Authors: Siddiqui Fazeel M. , Langefeld Carl D. , Moomaw Charles J. , Comeau Mary E. , Sekar Padmini , Rosand Jonathan , Kidwell Chelsea S. , Martini Sharyl , Osborne Jennifer L. , Stutzman Sonja , Hall Christiana , Woo Daniel 
Published: June 2017

Background and Purpose—
Statin use may be associated with improved outcome in intracerebral hemorrhage patients. However, the topic remains controversial. Our analysis examined the effect of prior, continued, or new statin use on intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes using the ERICH (Ethnic/Racial Variations of Intracerebral Hemorrhage) data set.

Methods—
We analyzed ERICH (a multicenter study designed to examine ethnic variations in the risk, presentation, and outcomes of intracerebral hemorrhage) to explore the association of statin use and hematoma growth, mortality, and 3-month disability. We computed subset analyses with respect to 3 statin categories (prior, continued, or new use).

Results—
Two thousand four hundred and fifty-seven enrolled cases (mean age, 62 years; 42% females) had complete data on mortality and 3-month disability (modified Rankin Scale). Among those, 1093 cases were on statins (prior, n=268; continued, n=423; new, n=402). Overall, statin use was associated with reduced mortality and disability without any effect on hematoma growth. This association was primarily driven by continued/new statin use. A multivariate analysis adjusted for age and major predictors for poor outcome showed that continued/new statins users had good outcomes compared with prior users. However, statins may have been continued/started more frequently among less severe patients. When a propensity score was developed based on factors that could influence a physician’s decision in prescribing statins and used as a covariate, continued/new statin use was no longer a significant predictor of good outcome.

Conclusions—
Although statin use, especially continued/new use, was associated with improved intracerebral hemorrhage outcomes, this effect may merely reflect the physician’s view of a patient’s prognosis rather than a predictor of survival.
Reliability and Validity Testing and Analysis of IPMA-HR Competency Model in China
Authors: Zhang Jin , Zheng Quanquan , Sun Li Linda , Zheng Lu 
Published: June 2017

The IPMA-HR competency model forms the basis for a certification training program developed by International Public Management Association for Human Resources (IPMA-HR) for HR professionals, which has been introduced into China in recent years. The program is welcomed by Chinese HR professionals and serves as fairly popular and influential competency training for human resources and the HR certification system of China. However, few scholars have conducted systematic tests and analyses on the model's stability, dependability and its scientific nature and no actual measurement has been performed on its reliability and validity as well. From empirical study perspective and on the basis of field survey and data collected in this study, we aim to test and analyze the four fundamental roles and twenty two competencies designed in the IPMA-HR Competency Model through using two main methods: the reliability & validity test and the path analysis. Besides concluding with positive findings of the program, we also summarize the practical applications of the IPMA-HR Competency Model in China's HR management and training market and propose our suggestions to improve the competency model in terms of a cultural identity perspective.
A Switch for Education: Utilizing Simplified Microswitch Technology
Authors: Torner Ronald S. 
Published: June 2017

Special opportunities for growth and development must be provided to enable students with disabilities to develop an increasing degree of control of the environment, including other people and themselves. Therefore, programming must be designed to gradually produce more complex behavior patterns that, in turn, increase a student's capacity to cope with the environment. On the one hand, microswitches can quickly alter a student's involvement in the learning process from that of a passive recipient to that of an active participant. At the same time, microswitches can often enable these same students to experience the feelings of satisfaction and success that come from learning that their actions had some effect on their environments. Therefore, both creativity and effective programming warrant attention to specific opportunities for development. The rate and direction of development, however, can sometimes be significantly modified by utilizing and controlling certain physical, psychological, and social aspects of the environment.
An Economic Interpretation of The Diamond Sutra
Authors: Hsiung Bingyuang 
Published: June 2017

When a person faces the various dishes on a buffet table, economics can help analyze how he makes choices among the dishes. But if the dishes are all the same to this person, then the issue of choice economics studies essentially disappears. The idea that the dishes are all the same, however, reflects metaphorically one of the central thoughts of The Diamond Sutra. By employing a set of analytical concepts of economics, this paper attempts to provide a logically consistent analysis of the central thoughts of the important Buddhist treatise and to explain their potential attractiveness as well as possible weaknesses. JEL classification: A13, B40, P50.
Environment, Growth and Value
Authors: Mulberg Jon 
Published: June 2017

The paper presents an impossibility theory, that micro-economics cannot consider environmental factors, and suggests that an analysis of the treatment of environment within economic theory reveals shortcomings in many areas of economics. The essential element in the consideration of environment is the economic evaluation of environmental disruption. The development of new technology or of anti-pollution measures require that resources be correctly allocated. There are several reasons why this cannot be considered. The static nature of economic theory prohibits consideration of both technological and legal change. The ceteris paribus approach is inappropriate for dynamic analysis, and both the orthodox definition of economic rationality and the positivist philosophy are inapplicable to dynamic analysis. Further problems arise due to the inability of economic theory to consider social value: in particular socially scarce ‘positional’ goods cannot be accounted for. The environment is one such good, but the concept of distribution also involves social scarcity, and is inadequately dealt with by economic theory. An environmentally sound economics must develop a theory of distribution.
Elastic-Plastic Dynamic Buckling Analysis of Reticular Domes Subjected to Earthquake Motion
Authors: Ishikawa Koichiro , Kato Shiro 
Published: June 2017

Static and Dynamic characteristics of shell-like structures such as reticular domes vary depending on their configuration. There is, however, very little information available concerning dynamic buckling collapse or dynamic buckling analysis. This paper presents a method for dynamic buckling analysis with emphasis on dynamic buckling behaviour subjected to vertical earthquake motion. The study focuses on the elastic-plastic buckling of the members of a large dome as well as on the global shell-like buckling of the dome. Through the analyses, the efficiency of the proposed analytical method is discussed while a method for estimating collapse accelerations is proposed.
Isradipine in the Treatment of Peripheral Occlusive Vascular Disease of the Lower Limbs: A Pilot Study
Authors: Catalano M , Tomasini M , Scandale G , Galimberti P , Milani M , Perm T Di , Libretti A 
Published: June 2017

The long-term effects of isradipine on peripheral occlusive vascular disease of the lower limbs were investigated in 23 normotensive patients with stable Fontaine stage IIa disease and with an absolute pain-free interval (treadmill speed 4 km/h, no incline) of 300 – 700 m, and Doppler ankle – arm arterial pressure index of less than 0.80 in at least one leg. Using a double-blind, parallel-group design, patients received either 2.5 mg isradipine twice daily or placebo for 12 months. Both isradipine ( n = 11) and placebo ( n = 12) increased the absolute pain-free interval mean values; the increases were not significantly different. Similar trends were observed in the mean values for relative pain-free interval and ankle – arm arterial pressure index. In a subgroup of patients with a baseline absolute pain-free interval of greater than 500 m, isradipine ( n = 6) significantly ( P < 0.001) increased both the absolute and the relative pain-free intervals and increased the ankle – arm arterial pressure index compared with placebo ( n = 7). The favourable effects of long-term isradipine treatment suggest that isradipine could positively interfere with factors involved in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions or improve collateral vessel flow. Gli effetti a lungo termine dell'isradipina sulla arteriopatia vascolare periferica agli arti inferiori sono stati studiati in 23 pazienti normotesi affetti da “claudicatio intermittens” allo stadio IIa di Fontaine e con un intervallo libero assoluto (velocita al treadmil 4 km/h, senza inclinazione) di 300 – 700 m e di un indice pressorio valutato con metodica Doppler fra caviglia e braccio minore di 0.80 in almeno una delle gambe. Secondo uno studio in doppio cieco ed a gruppi paralleli ai pazienti sono stati somministrati 2.5 mg due volte al giorno di isradipina o del corrispondente placebo per una durata di 12 mesi. Sia l'isradipina ( n = 11) sia il placebo ( n = 12) hanno innalzato i valori medi dell'intervallo libero assoluto e gli aumenti non si sono dimostrati statisticamente differenti Un trend simile si è osservato anche per i valori medi dell'intervallo libero relativo e dell'indice caviglia/braccio. In un sottogruppo di pazienti aventi un intervallo libero assoluto al basale maggiore di 500 m, l'isradipina ( n = 6) ha innalzato significativamente ( P < 0.001) sia l'intervallo libero assoluto sia quello relativo ed ha aumentato anche l'indice pressorio caviglia braccio nei confronti del placebo ( n = 7). Gli effetti benefici di un trattamento a lungo termine con l'isradipina suggeriscono che questo farmaco può interferire in modo positivo con i fattori che favoriscono il progredire delle lesioni aterosclerotiche, e/o il migliorare il flusso ematico a livello del circolo collaterale.
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma in a Cat
Authors: Preiser H. 
Published: June 2017

Five cases of uterine carcinoma in cats are cited from the literature. To these is added a description of a metastasizing adenocarcinoma of the uterus in an 11 1/3 year old cat. Abb. 3. Hochgradige Hyperplasie des Uterusepithels (linke Bildhälfte) sowie Meta- und Anaplasie (rechte Bildhälfte). Abb. 4. Ausschnittsvergrösserung der rechten Bildhälfte von Abb. 3. Ausgeprägte Invasion von grossen, kubischen, gelegentlich vielkernigen eosinophilen Tumorzellen mit sekundärer Infiltration von Lymphozyten.
The Role of the Clinical Pharmacist on a Nursing Home Care Team
Authors: Devenport Jean Kuwahara , Kane Robert L. 
Published: June 2017

Provision of adequate patient care services to nursing homes is a recognized problem. The most recent Federal Regulations for nursing homes stipulate basic patient care and services, including expanded clinical pharmacy functions, in an attempt to improve overall patient care. A broad spectrum of drug-related problems have been identified in nursing homes. One method for providing integrated patient care and education to nursing homes is a primary care team composed of a nurse practitioner, a social worker, a physician, and a clinical pharmacist. The pharmacist's role includes drug utilization control, patient counseling, drug information, and in-service education. Through the team concept, drug-related problems and recommendations can be managed efficiently with minimal confusion to patient and staff. The team concept also provides an excellent educational opportunity for pharmacy students. By assignment to the nursing home, students can observe patient and staff responses to orders and recommendations from the team. More importantly, students have direct contact with the team members for discussion of patient problems. This experience prepares students for their future responsibilities in nursing home consultation services.
Phenytoin Crystallization in Intravenous Fluids
Authors: Bauman Jerry L. , Siepler John K. , Fitzloff John 
Published: June 2017

Free phenytoin crystallization in various commercially available intravenous solutions was investigated. Phenytoin determinations were completed at various time periods, before and after filtration, by spectrophotometric analysis. Phenytoin was found to produce a more stable solution in normal saline and lactated Ringer's solutions than in 5 percent dextrose in normal saline or 5 percent dextrose in water. The pH differences between commercial phenytoin sodium for injection and the various intravenous fluids were felt to be the major factor responsible for free phenytoin crystallization. It was concluded that phenytoin sodium admixture to normal saline or lactated Ringer's solution can indeed be used clinically, with precautions. The variations in pH of available intravenous solutions make apparent the need for careful inspection of sodium phenytoin admixtures and for such infusions to be started immediately after admixture.
Seizure Activity with Imipenem Therapy: Incidence and Risk Factors
Authors: Job Martin L. , Dretler Robin Henry 
Published: June 2017

Two elderly patients with a history of either cerebral vascular accident (CVA) or head trauma and no evidence of renal disease developed seizures while receiving maximum doses of imipenem/cilastatin. Neither patient had reported previous seizures or seizure-like activity nor was receiving anticonvulsant agents. All seizures were controlled with therapeutic doses of phenytoin. Both patients had received maximum doses of other beta-lactam antibiotics without evidence of seizure activity. PRELIMINARY DATA on adverse clinical experiences with imipenem/cilastatin revealed a low frequency of drug-related seizures similar to that with beta-lactam antibiotics. These data included patients with predisposing factors such as a prior history of seizures, central nervous system neoplasms, recent head trauma, and stroke.1 Since the release of this antibiotic, several cases of imipenem-induced seizures have been reported.2–5 In some instances, the patients were elderly and had mild renal impairment. In other cases, the patients had no overt evidence of renal disease. We report two cases of seizures, both of which occurred in elderly patients who had no overt evidence of renal impairment but had a prior history of central nervous system injury.