bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adipose‐Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Features in Patients with a History of Head and Neck Radiation
Authors: San‐Marina Serban , Voss Steve , Crespo‐Diaz Ruben , Wyles Cody , Behfar Atta , Stalboeger Paul , Janus Jeffrey R. 
Published: June 2016

Objectives/HypothesisRadiation plays a prominent role in advanced stage head and neck tumors. Often, the radiated area includes adjacent nonmalignant mesenchymal tissue, which contains a mixture of cells that has been shown to accelerate wound healing. The purpose of this study is to determine the long‐term effect of radiation on the expansion potential of adipose‐derived stromal/stem cell (ADSC) tissue and on the ability of resident stem cells in this fraction to undergo phenotypic differentiation.Study Design/Methods: After institutional review board approval, 12 patients with a history of head and neck radiation and pending surgery were enrolled. Adipose tissue was collected from irradiated tissue (XRT) and nonirradiated tissue (NRT) sites. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from these populations, with subsequent assessment of cellular kinetics and differentiation potential between harvest sites.ResultsAdipose‐derived stromal/stem cells could not be isolated from XRT in six patients due to lack of in vitro cell proliferation. For the remaining six patients, overall cumulative population‐doubling time was longer for XRT relative to NRT (29.3 vs. 11.5 days; P = 0.02). However, no significant differences were observed in cell generation time or viability. When XRT and NRT ADSC fractions were grown to standardized concentrations and incubated under conditions that induce phenotypic differentiation of resident stem cells, no significant changes in chondrogenic, adipogenic, or osteogenic differentiation were observed.ConclusionThese preliminary observations suggest that irradiated ADSCs close to the surgical site undergo long‐term changes in proliferative capacity. The potential for phenotypic differentiation is retained, however, in ADSCs that survive the irradiation process.Level of Evidence2b.
Poly‐l‐Lactic Acid Nanofiber–Polyamidoamine Hydrogel Composites: Preparation, Properties, and Preliminary Evaluation as Scaffolds for Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Culturing
Authors: Gualandi Chiara , Bloise Nora , Mauro Nicolò , Ferruti Paolo , Manfredi Amedea , Sampaolesi Maurilio , Liguori Anna , Laurita Romolo , Gherardi Matteo , Colombo Vittorio , Visai Livia , Focarete Maria Letizia , Ranucci Elisabetta 
Published: June 2016

Electrospun poly‐l‐lactic acid (PLLA) nanofiber mats carrying surface amine groups, previously introduced by nitrogen atmospheric pressure nonequilibrium plasma, are embedded into aqueous solutions of oligomeric acrylamide‐end capped AGMA1, a biocompatible polyamidoamine with arg‐gly‐asp (RGD)‐reminiscent repeating units. The resultant mixture is finally cured giving PLLA‐AGMA1 hydrogel composites that absorb large amounts of water and, in the swollen state, are translucent, soft, and pliable, yet as strong as the parent PLLA mat. They do not split apart from each other when swollen in water and remain highly flexible and resistant, since the hydrogel portion is covalently grafted onto the PLLA nanofibers via the addition reaction of the surface amine groups to a part of the terminal acrylic double bonds of AGMA1 oligomers. Preliminary tested as scaffolds, the composites prove capable of maintaining short‐term undifferentiated cultures of human pluripotent stem cells in feeder‐free conditions.image
Vapor Phase Fabrication of Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic Asymmetric Polymer Membranes
Authors: Dianat Golnaz , Seidel Scott , De Luna Mark M. , Gupta Malancha 
Published: June 2016

The fabrication of asymmetric polymer membranes via vapor phase deposition is demonstrated. In this solventless process, the dense layer is deposited first and then the porous layer is subsequently deposited onto the dense layer. A variety of functional polymer membranes can be produced by varying the precursor molecules. The functionality of the dense and porous layers can be independently tailored to be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic, resulting in membranes that are fully hydrophilic, fully hydrophobic, or asymmetric in both structure and chemical functionality. The thickness of both the porous and dense layers can be separately tuned by controlling the deposition time.
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Less is more—A pilot study evaluating one to three intradetrusor sites for injection of OnabotulinumtoxinA for neurogenic and idiopathic detrusor overactivity
Authors: Avallone Michael A. , Sack Bryan S. , El‐Arabi Ahmad , Guralnick Michael L. , O'Connor R. Corey 
Published: June 2016

AimsTo determine if minimizing the number of onabotulinumtoxinA (BTX) injection sites to one to three locations provides similar clinical efficacy and duration of effect compared to the established technique in treating patients with neurogenic (NDO) or idiopathic detrusor overactivity (IDO).MethodsProspective data were collected on BTX naïve patients with NDO or IDO who were intolerant or refractory to oral medications. Patients were treated with 100–300 U of BTX via one to three injection sites. Patients completed the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Short Form (ICIQ‐SF) prior to and after treatment. The primary endpoint was defined as ICIQ‐SF score improvement of >5 points. Secondary endpoints included subjective success, complete continence, quality of life score, post void residual (PVR), duration of effect and adverse events.ResultsFourty‐five patients (22 IDO, 23 NDO) were included. ICIQ‐SF score improvement of >5 points was achieved in 73% (IDO 55%, NDO 91%) and the subjective success rate was 69% (50% IDO, 87% NDO). 52% of NDO patients attained complete continence. PVR increased by a mean of 32 and 156 ml in the IDO and NDO groups. Hematuria occurred in 6.7% and symptomatic urinary tract infection occurred in 11.1%. No systemic BTX adverse events occurred. Mean duration of effect was 31 weeks.ConclusionsOur technique for administering BTX via one to three intradetrusor injection sites has similar clinical efficacy and rates of adverse events compared to the established technique for treating patients with IDO and NDO. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:1104–1107, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Efficient synthesis of cyclic olefin copolymers with high glass transition temperatures by ethylene copolymerization with tetracyclododecene using (tert‐BuC5H4)TiCl2(N=CtBu2)—MAO catalyst
Authors: Apisuk Wannida , Ito Hikaru , Nomura Kotohiro 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACT(tBuC5H4)TiCl2(N=CtBu2) (1) exhibited remarkable catalytic activities (12,000–43,700 kg‐polymer/mol‐Ti·h) and efficient comonomer incorporation in ethylene copolymerization with tetracyclododecene (TCD) in the presence of methylaluminoxane, and the catalytic activity by 1 increased even at 60 °C. The resultant polymers are high molecular weight amorphous poly(ethylene‐co‐TCD)s (Mn = 5.88–7.03 × 105) with uniform compositions (with high Tg values, 108–203 °C); a linear relationship between Tg values and the TCD contents was observed. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2662–2667
Antibiotic resistance in conjunctival and enteric bacterial flora in raptors housed in a zoological garden
Authors: Sala Andrea , Taddei Simone , Santospirito Davide , Sandri Camillo , Magnone William , Cabassi Clotilde S. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in a wide range of infectious agents is a growing public health threat. Birds of prey are considered indicators of the presence of AMR bacteria in their ecosystem because of their predatory behaviour. Only few data are reported in the literature on AMR strains isolated from animals housed in zoos and none about AMR in raptors housed in zoological gardens. This study investigated the antibiotic sensitivity profile of the isolates obtained from the conjunctival and cloacal bacterial flora of 14 healthy birds of prey, 6 Accipitriformes, 3 Falconiformes and 5 Strigiformes, housed in an Italian zoological garden. Staphylococcus spp. was isolated from 50% of the conjunctival swabs, with S. xylosus as the most common species. From cloacal swabs, Escherichia coli was cultured from all animals, while Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. were isolated from a smaller number of birds. Worthy of note is the isolation of Escherichia fergusonii and Serratia odorifera, rarely isolated from raptors. Staphylococci were also isolated. All the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). To the author's knowledge, this is the first report regarding the presence of MDR strains within raptors housed in a zoological garden. Since resistance genes can be transferred to other pathogenic bacteria, this represents a potential hazard for the emergence of new MDR pathogens. In conclusion, the obtained data could be useful for ex‐situ conservation programmes aimed to preserve the health of the endangered species housed in a zoo.
Maximizing the variance of the time to ruin in a multiplayer game with selection
Authors: Grigorescu Ilie , Yao Yi-Ching 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe consider a game withK≥ 2 players, each having an integer-valued fortune. On each round, a pair (i,j) among the players with nonzero fortunes is chosen to play and the winner is decided by flipping a fair coin (independently of the process up to that time). The winner then receives a unit from the loser. All other players' fortunes remain the same. (Once a player's fortune reaches 0, this player is out of the game.) The game continues until only one player wins all. The choices of pairs represent the control present in the problem. While it is known that the expected time to ruin (i.e. expected duration of the game) is independent of the choices of pairs (i,j) (the strategies), our objective is to find a strategy which maximizes the variance of the time to ruin. We show that the maximum variance is uniquely attained by the (optimal) strategy, which always selects a pair of players who have currently the largest fortunes. An explicit formula for the maximum value function is derived. By constructing a simple martingale, we also provide a short proof of a result of Ross (2009) that the expected time to ruin is independent of the strategies. A brief discussion of the (open) problem of minimizing the variance of the time to ruin is given.
Markov decision process algorithms for wealth allocation problems with defaultable bonds
Authors: Perez Iker , Hodge David , Le Huiling 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
In this paper we are concerned with analysing optimal wealth allocation techniques within a defaultable financial market similar to Bielecki and Jang (2007). We study a portfolio optimization problem combining a continuous-time jump market and a defaultable security; and present numerical solutions through the conversion into a Markov decision process and characterization of its value function as a unique fixed point to a contracting operator. In this paper we analyse allocation strategies under several families of utility functions, and highlight significant portfolio selection differences with previously reported results.
The Production and Consumption of Lawn-Tennis Shoes in Late-Victorian Britain
Authors: Turner Thomas 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe lawn-tennis shoe was a popular, widely available commodity in late-Victorian Britain. Associated with new forms of sporting practice and consumption, this type of footwear was mass-produced in modern factories, promoted in the popular leisure press, and sold to both men and women in a variety of retail environments. This article analyzes processes of product innovation, production, and sale, and it situates the shoes within a wider context of sport, commerce, fashion, and class and gender relations. Like other late-Victorian sporting and recreational practices, lawn tennis combined material objects, physical activity, and the stylized display of gender and class ideals. Footwear was valued for symbolic and physically practical reasons. Ideas of intended use determined its design and material form. Sportswear created and communicated new masculine ideals. As lawn-tennis shoes moved from the court into everyday usage, the meanings attached to them accommodated a broader range of practices and contexts.
Girls on Forms: Apprenticing Young Women in Seventeenth-Century London
Authors: Gowing Laura 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe 1650s saw an influx of young women to skilled apprenticeships in London's companies. Apprenticed to women through the names of their husbands, they practiced seamstry and millinery in a wide range of guilds. The preprinted forms by which these girls were indentured demonstrate the means by which a long-established city institution both made room for women, incorporating them into the culture of company, and kept them marginal. A series of print and manuscript adaptations marked out girls’ forms, paying particular attention to the rules around marriage, and resulting, by the late seventeenth century, in a new trend towards non-sex-specific forms. This article argues that record keeping was both symbolically and concretely important for women's work and that the material culture and context of these print objects can shed a new light on gender roles at a key juncture in the histories of work, contracts, and the city.
From Empire to Humanity: The Russian Famine and the Imperial Origins of International Humanitarianism
Authors: Sasson Tehila 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThis article investigates the imperial origins of international humanitarianism in the British and international relief mission to Russia during the famine of 1921–1922. The famine triggered the first large-scale international humanitarian mission beyond the scope of the European and American empires. Imperial expertise and knowledge became central to the British as well as international humanitarian response to relieve hungry Russia. From international coordination to national campaigns, British politicians and voluntary aid workers relied on imperial tools and thought. The British involvement in the relief mission to Russia thus provides a fresh perspective on the development of internationalist and nationalist humanitarian projects in the interwar period and their relationship to imperial legacies. Through humanitarian aid, Britain assumed a new role on a global stage. By retooling imperial expertise, humanitarian ethics became part of a project of global governance. Furthermore, with the advice of former colonial experts, a “mixed economy” of voluntary and state aid underlay the collaboration between voluntary and international agencies throughout the famine and after. The history of famine relief provides a case study in the emergence of humanitarian governance in the twentieth century.
MOCK THETA DOUBLE SUMS
Authors: LOVEJOY JEREMY , OSBURN ROBERT 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe prove a general result on Bailey pairs and show that two Bailey pairs of Bringmann and Kane are special cases. We also show how to use a change of base formula to pass from the pairs of Bringmann and Kane to pairs used by Andrews in his study of Ramanujan's seventh order mock theta functions. We derive several more Bailey pairs of a similar type and use these to construct a number of new q-hypergeometric double sums which are mock theta functions. Finally, we prove identities between some of these mock theta double sums and classical mock theta functions.
LOCAL REPRESENTATIONS OF THE LOOP BRAID GROUP
Authors: KÁDÁR ZOLTÁN , MARTIN PAUL , ROWELL ERIC , WANG ZHENGHAN 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe study representations of the loop braid groupLBnfrom the perspective of extending representations of the braid group$\mathcal{B}$n. We also pursue a generalization of the braid/Hecke/Temperlely–Lieb paradigm – uniform finite dimensional quotient algebras of the loop braid group algebras.
COMPACT ELEMENTS AND OPERATORS OF QUANTUM GROUPS
Authors: AMINI MASSOUD , KALANTAR MEHRDAD , MEDGHALCHI ALIREZA , MOLLAKHALILI AHMAD , NEUFANG MATTHIAS 
Published: June 2016

AbstractA locally compact groupGis compact if and only if its convolution algebras contain non-zero (weakly) completely continuous elements. Dually,Gis discrete if its function algebras contain non-zero completely continuous elements. We prove non-commutative versions of these results in the case of locally compact quantum groups.
HALF-LIBERATED MANIFOLDS AND THEIR QUANTUM ISOMETRIES
Authors: BANICA TEODOR 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe discuss the half-liberation operation X → X*, for the algebraic submanifolds of the unit sphere, $X\subset S^{N-1}_\mathbb C$. There are several ways of constructing this correspondence, and we take them into account. Our main results concern the computation of the affine quantum isometry group G+(X*), for the sphere itself.
SHARP WEIGHTED BOUNDS FOR GEOMETRIC MAXIMAL OPERATORS
Authors: OSȨKOWSKI ADAM 
Published: June 2016

AbstractLet $\mathcal{M}$ and G denote, respectively, the maximal operator and the geometric maximal operator associated with the dyadic lattice on $\mathbb{R}^d$.
(i)We prove that for any 0 < p < ∞, any weight w on $\mathbb{R}^d$ and any measurable f on $\mathbb{R}^d$, we have Fefferman–Stein-type estimate

$$\begin{equation*}
||G(f)||_{L^p(w)}\leq e^{1/p}||f||_{L^p(\mathcal{M}w)}.
\end{equation*}
$$
For each p, the constant e1/p is the best possible.(ii)We show that for any weight w on $\mathbb{R}^d$ and any measurable f on $\mathbb{R}^d$,

$$\begin{equation*}
\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} G(f)^{1/\mathcal{M}w}w\mbox{d}x\leq e\int_{\mathbb{R}^d} |f|^{1/w}w\mbox{d}x
\end{equation*}
$$
and prove that the constant e is optimal.
Actually, we establish the above estimates in a more general setting of maximal operators on probability spaces equipped with a tree-like structure.
Morphing Lord Brouncker's continued fraction for π into the product of Wallis
Authors: Osler Thomas J. 
Published: June 2016

Three of the oldest and most celebrated formulae for π are:The first is Vieta's product of nested radicals from 1592 [1]. The second is Wallis's product of rational numbers [2] from 1656 and the third is Lord Brouncker's continued fraction [3,2], also from 1656. (In the remainder of the paper, for continued fractions we will use the more convenient notation
Sums of squares of integers in arithmetic progression
Authors: Apostol Tom M. , Mnatsakanian Mamikon A. 
Published: June 2016

The following striking identitiesare the cases n = 1,2,3,4 of a remarkable family given by G.J. Dostor [1]:where m = n(2n + 1), and n = 1, 2, … The case m = −n is trivial. If m ≠ −n there are n + 1 squares of consecutive integers on the left and n on the right. We will treat the last term (m + n)2 on the left differently, and refer to it as a transition term relating two sums of squares of n consecutive integers.
Fast formulas for slowly convergent alternating series
Authors: Cooker M.J. 
Published: June 2016

One day the Tortoise was discussing with mighty Achilles the behaviour of infinite series. Achilles boasted that his mental powers were so fast that he could exhaust any series summation problem by simply adding up enough terms. But Tortoise was unimpressed:‘Is that so? What's the sum of this series, then?’ With his tail he drew a line in the sand, and wrotewhich is the same as‘I'll give you until tomorrow to find K to four significant digits!’
A digit function with Thomae-like properties
Authors: Griffiths Martin 
Published: June 2016

Following a recent revival of interest in both Thomae's function and digit functions (see [1] and [2] respectively) we present here a function providing an appealing link between the two. The former, nowadays often cited in courses on real analysis, was given by Thomae in 1875; see also [3], [4] and [5]. This function, which we denote by g(x), has the following definition:where it is so be assumed that gcd (p, q) = 1 when x is rational.
A lower bound for the prime counting function
Authors: Shiu Daniel , Shiu Peter 
Published: June 2016

Let π (x) count the primes p ≤ x, where x is a large real number. Euclid proved that there are infinitely many primes, so that π (x) → ∞ as x → ∞; in fact his famous argument ([1: Section 2.2]) can be used to show thatThere was no further progress on the problem of the distribution of primes until Euler developed various tools for the purpose; in particular he proved in 1737 [1: Theorem 427] that
I, Claudius and the cipher extraordinary
Authors: Hollings Christopher 
Published: June 2016

In the midst of reading Robert Graves' I, Claudius [1], I was surprised to encounter a description of an interesting cipher used by the fictional Augustus. I therefore thought it would be worthwhile to write a short article to draw attention to what is perhaps not a particularly well-known cipher appearing in fiction. I will assume that the reader is familiar with the principle behind the famous Vigenère cipher (see [2] or [3]).In the novel, Claudius, as narrator, relates how, upon Augustus' death, he is succeeded somewhat reluctantly by his stepson Tiberius, due to the machinations of Livia, who was Augustus' widow and Tiberius' mother. As her son's imperial reign begins, it is clear that Livia intends to hold on to the influence that she wielded during her husband's.
Fermat and the difference of two squares
Authors: Dolan Stan 
Published: June 2016

In a previous note [1], Fermat's method of descente infinie was used to prove that the equations.have no positive integer solutions. The geometrically based proof of [1] masked the underlying use of the difference of two squares. In the proofs of this article we shall make its use explicit, just as Fermat did [2, pp. 293-294].We shall use the elementary idea of the difference of two squares to develop a powerful technique for solving equations of the form ax4 + bx2y2 + cy4 = z2. This will then be applied to three problems of historical interest.
Prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry study of major depressive disorder in young individuals at high familial risk
Authors: Nickson T. , Chan S. W. Y. , Papmeyer M. , Romaniuk L. , Macdonald A. , Stewart T. , Kielty S. , Lawrie S. M. , Hall J. , Sussmann J. E. , McIntosh A. M. , Whalley H. C. 
Published: June 2016

BackgroundPrevious neuroimaging studies indicate abnormalities in cortico-limbic circuitry in mood disorder. Here we employ prospective longitudinal voxel-based morphometry to examine the trajectory of these abnormalities during early stages of illness development.MethodUnaffected individuals (16–25 years) at high and low familial risk of mood disorder underwent structural brain imaging on two occasions 2 years apart. Further clinical assessment was conducted 2 years after the second scan (time 3). Clinical outcome data at time 3 was used to categorize individuals: (i) healthy controls (‘low risk’, n = 48); (ii) high-risk individuals who remained well (HR well, n = 53); and (iii) high-risk individuals who developed a major depressive disorder (HR MDD, n = 30). Groups were compared using longitudinal voxel-based morphometry. We also examined whether progress to illness was associated with changes in other potential risk markers (personality traits, symptoms scores and baseline measures of childhood trauma), and whether any changes in brain structure could be indexed using these measures.ResultsSignificant decreases in right amygdala grey matter were found in HR MDD v. controls (p = 0.001) and v. HR well (p = 0.005). This structural change was not related to measures of childhood trauma, symptom severity or measures of sub-diagnostic anxiety, neuroticism or extraversion, although cross-sectionally these measures significantly differentiated the groups at baseline.ConclusionsThese longitudinal findings implicate structural amygdala changes in the neurobiology of mood disorder. They also provide a potential biomarker for risk stratification capturing additional information beyond clinically ascertained measures.