bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Urban Surface Expansion in China on Regional Climate
Authors: Zhao Deming , Wu Jian 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Incorporating satellite-based urban surface data for the 1980s, 1990s, 2000s, and 2010s in China, contributions to regional warming, and changes in the precipitation due to urban surface expansion were explored using the nested Fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–NCAR Mesoscale Model version 3.7 (MM5V3.7) with urban effects considered. The impact on surface air temperature at 2 m (SAT) due to urban surface expansion between the 1980s and the 2010s revealed that annual urban-related warming was lower over East Asia (0.031°C) and China (0.075°C) but higher in eastern China (0.14°C), which experienced dramatic urbanization. Greater warming could be detected over urban surface areas in the three city clusters [Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) and the Yangtze and Pearl River deltas (YRD and PRD, respectively)], which reached 1.06°, 0.84°, and 0.92°C, respectively. Urban-related warming was not limited to a single city or city clusters but extended over a SAT-increased belt that covered the eastern coast of China. Further analysis showed that urban-surface-expansion-induced changes in albedo and the total cloud amount contributed to the changes in the radiation budget, which resulted in strong surface radiative forcings in the urban surface (14.5, 11.2, and 11.7 W m−2 for BTH, YRD, and PRD, respectively). However, significant differences could be detected for the transition from nonurban to urban land use compared to those that were classified as urban in both time periods because of the varied albedo changes. The urbanization-related warming, especially in the city cluster areas, also had a further effect on the large-scale circulation and precipitation. The precipitation was weakened in northeastern and northern China but intensified in eastern and southern China, which resulted in the strengthened precipitation over China (0.016 mm day−1, 0.65%) and East Asia (0.011 mm day−1, 0.28%). Therefore, subregional characteristics with marked seasonal, interannual, and decadal variations were detected for the influence of the urban surface expansion.
A Model of Mental Accounting and Reference Price Adaptation
Authors: Baucells Manel , Hwang Woonam 
Published: October 2016

Consumers possess a mental account that stores the worth of items purchased and yet to be consumed. Reference prices act as the book values of these items. Movements in the account—the comparison between the reference price and the price paid at entry, and the comparison between the benefit of consumption and the reference price at exit—yield hedonic benefits. The reference price is determined by a psychological process of adaptation to the price evoked by the trade. The model is integrative in that it explains a wide array of observed anomalies such as sunk-cost effects, payment depreciation, reluctance to trade, preference for prepayment, and the flat-rate bias. The model also generates new testable implications. This paper was accepted by James Smith, decision analysis.
First record of Hammerschmidtiella diesingi (Hammerschmidt, 1838) (Oxyuridomorpha: Thelastomatidae) parasite of Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758) (Blattodea: Blattidae) in Japan, morphological and molecular characterization
Authors: Sriwati Rina , Ozawa Sota , Morffe Jans , Hasegawa Koichi 
Published: October 2016

AbstractNematodes, belonging to the family Thelastomatidae, are parasites of saprophytic terrestrial arthropods, mainly cockroaches. American cockroach
Tribological Characterization of the Nanostructured Thin Films Deposited by Intelligent Methods, for Mechatronic and Biomedical Applications
Authors: Gornoava Valentin , Gheorghe Gheorghe Ion , Badita Liliana-Laura 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The main objectives of the present project are to study and to improve mechanical properties of different systems from mechatronic and biomedical domains, in order to increase their functionality and life span. This is why nanostructured thin films (e.g. Al, Cr, Ti, Ti/Al multilayers) were deposited on different steel substrates, used in mechatronic and biomedical applications. By the characterization of coated surfaces of the products used in various fields such as medicine, mechatronics, electronics, etc. depends their proper operation, durability and reliability. This is the main reason why, we studied new types of layers and multilayers using Atomic Force Microscopy and scratch tests. The main result of the realized tests is that all studied nanostructured thin films offer the possibility of increasing the lifetime of substrates, being an important factor for proper functional operation, durability and reliability of the final systems in which they are used.
Efficiency of Innovative Charge Pump versus Clock Frequency and MOSFETs Sizes
Authors: Matoušek David , Hospodka Jiří , Šubrt Ondřej 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Charge pumps are circuits that produce the voltage higher than supply voltage or negative voltage. Today, charge pumps became an integral part of the electronic equipment. The integration of charge pumps directly into the system allows manufacturers to feed a complex system with many specific power requirements from a single source. However, charge pump efficiency is reduced by many phenomena. This paper is focused on the question of efficiency of proposed variant of the charge pump. In this article, the efficiency dependence on a number of stages, output current, clock frequency and MOSFETs sizes was simulated by Eldo. The aim of this study is to determine the MOSFETs sizes and theirs influence to efficiency and the output voltage. Complex optimization of the charge pump circuit will follow in further text.
Nuclear fusion and its large potential for the future world energy supply
Authors: Ongena Jef 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
An overview of the energy problem in the world is presented. The colossal task of ‘decarbonizing’ the current energy system, with ~85% of the primary energy produced from fossil sources is discussed. There are at the moment only two options that can contribute to a solution: renewable energy (sun, wind, hydro, etc.) or nuclear fission. Their contributions, ~2% for sun and wind, ~6% for hydro and ~5% for fission, will need to be enormously increased in a relatively short time, to meet the targets set by policy makers. The possible role and large potential for fusion to contribute to a solution in the future as a safe, nearly inexhaustible and environmentally compatible energy source is discussed. The principles of magnetic and inertial confinement are outlined, and the two main options for magnetic confinement, tokamak and stellarator, are explained. The status of magnetic fusion is summarized and the next steps in fusion research, ITER and DEMO, briefly presented.
Strategic voting in the 2011 and 2015 Polish Senate elections: Testing Duvergerʼs Law in the second-order elections
Authors: Maškarinec Pavel 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThis article tests Duverger’s law through analysis of the Polish Senate elections in 2011 and 2015. These two elections were held under the new first-past-the-post (or single-member plurality) system, which replaced formerly used unlimited vote. The main aim of the article is to test, whether we can confirm the expectations of strategic voting in the context of the so-called second-order elections, as the Polish Parliament is a classical example of the asymmetrical bicameralism, with the secondary role of the upper chamber, the Senate. The results show that the strategic voting was not universal phenomenon under the plurality rule, as indicated by many violations of Duverger’s law. Our research confirmed that the effect of electoral institutions (institutional structure) is contingent and (at the district level) inhibited by country-specific conditions, with potentially strong influence of the second-order character of the Polish Senate elections.
Low-Cost Aerial Transport in Europe
Authors: Badicu Georgiana Daniela , State Violeta 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Fast and continuous development of the low cost airlines is due to the low prices that have attracted more and more clients. These companies react to the market conditions and search to develop their operating fields towards areas with high potential. Low cost operators are very dynamic meaning that they continuously develop not only their network but also their price strategy. Competition in aerial transport is very tight especially because of low cost lines that attract customers with low charges for the consumers who do not want to invest a lot of money in a plane ticket.
Airlines industry in Europe is continuously adapted to the reality and conditions of the low cost airlines that consists of most European customers and constantly increase their market.
The Efficiency of the Macroeconomic Policies
Authors: Badea Sorin Gabriel , Ştefan Maria-Cristina 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
In the present work, the authors aim to determine the efficiency of the macroeconomic policies by determining the effects of the application of the instruments (revenue change) and finding out the instrument having the highest efficiency.
In today’s macroeconomic theory and practice, the efficiency level of the macroeconomic policy instrument is measured using multipliers. The different nature of the measurement units used when calculating the multipliers makes it impossible to compare the multipliers in order to establish the more efficient instrument, and for this reason it becomes necessary to use elasticity as an efficiency indicator.
Evolution of the Genotype-to-Phenotype Map and the Cost of Pleiotropy in Mammals
Authors: Porto Arthur , Schmelter Ryan , VandeBerg John L , Marroig Gabriel , Cheverud James M 
Published: October 2016

AbstractEvolutionary studies have long emphasized that the genetic architecture of traits holds important microevolutionary consequences. Yet, studies comparing the genetic architecture of traits across species are rare, and discussions of the evolution of genetic systems are made on theoretical arguments rather than on empirical evidence. Here, we compared the genetic architecture of cranial traits in two different mammalian model organisms: the gray short-tailed opossum, Monodelphis domestica, and the laboratory mouse, Mus musculus. We show that both organisms share a highly polygenic genetic architecture for craniofacial traits, with many loci of small effect. However, these two model species differ significantly in the overall degree of pleiotropy, N, of the genotype-to-phenotype map, with opossums presenting a higher average N. They also diverge in their degree of genetic modularity, with opossums presenting less modular patterns of genetic association among traits. We argue that such differences highlight the context dependency of gene effects, with developmental systems shaping the variational properties of genetic systems. Finally, we also demonstrate based on the opossum data that current measurements for the relationship between the mutational effect size and N need to be re-evaluated in relation to the importance of the cost of pleiotropy for mammals.
In-service Teachers’ Sense of Agency after Participation in a Research Master Course
Authors: Impedovo Maria Antonietta 
Published: October 2016

In this paper, we investigate the in-service teachers ‘sense of agency’ after their participation in a research master course. A semi-structured interview was administrated to nine in-service science teachers, coming from three different African countries: Zimbabwe, Lesotho, and Burkina Faso. All of them attended a European master course aimed to acquire skills in science educational research. The data collected was qualitatively analysed through a system of categories. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion about the professionalisation of teacher education and the integration of research into teacher training.
Effects of Macrolide Antibiotics on Th1 Cell and Th2 Cell Development Mediated by Langerhans Cells
Authors: Matsui Katsuhiko , Tamai Saki , Ikeda Reiko 
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT - Background: It is well known that Langerhans cells (LCs) work as the primary orchestrators in the polarization of the immune milieu towards a T helper type 1 (Th1) or a Th2 immune response. In this study, we investigated the effects of macrolide antibiotics on Th1 cell and Th2 cell development mediated by LCs. Methods: LC-like dendritic cells (LDCs) were generated from mouse bone marrow cells and used as substitutes for LCs. Mice were primed with ovalbumin (OVA) peptide-pulsed LDCs, which had been treated with each macrolide antibiotic, via the hind footpad. After 5 days, the cytokine response in the popliteal lymph nodes was investigated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of cell surface molecules on LDCs was investigated using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Results: Injection of OVA peptide-pulsed LDCs, which had been treated with josamycin or spiramycin, inhibited Th2 cell development as represented by down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-4 production as well as Th1 cell development as represented by down-regulation of interferon (IFN)-g production. This inhibition of Th1 cell and Th2 cell development was associated with suppression of CD86 and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing protein (TIM)-4 expression, respectively, in LDCs. Furthermore, Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) were more susceptible to josamycin than to spiramycin. Conclusions: These results suggest that topical application of josamycin to AD lesions colonized with S. aureus would be beneficial for control of AD by acting on both superficial S. aureus and epidermal LCs, and inhibiting the development of Th2 cells.
Managing Waste in Kota
Authors: Mathur Shweta 
Published: October 2016

<div><em>Knowing it fully well that waste is going to be a great danger in future if not managed properly. Various types of wastes produced by the society is dumped on the roads or in water reservoirs. Another alarming fact is that only about fifty percent is subjected to some sort of treatment. This result in severe pollution of land, air and water and causes severe health problems. The increased incidence of epidemics is a pointer for this situation. Moreover, irreparable damage is being caused to the ecosystem and therefore, a safe dependable waste management and disposal system is the need of the hour.</em></div><div> </div><div><em>The paper stresses the use of 4Rs in minimizing the waste and the techniques related to manage the waste have been discussed at length.</em></div>
Smart Working Orientation dan Customer Orientation; Implikasinya terhadap Kinerja Tenaga Penjualan Multi Level Marketing
Authors: Sari Dewi Komala 
Published: October 2016

It is important to create a reliable, smart, hard working and customer oriented distributor in a company engaged in the field of Multi Level Marketing in an attempt to develop a network of distributors to increase the sales volume.
The problem faced by the company today is how to create human resources, particularly the distributors who can produce the optimal performance resulting in increasing sales volume as the company's goals can be achieved. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of smart working orientation and customer orientation to the variable of sales performance of PT. Tianshi Branch Surabaya. Here, by knowing the influence of these factors on sales performance, the researcher can determine how to maintain and improve the distributor's sales performance.
The study uses primary data collected by distributing questionnaires to the distributor of PT. Tianshi Branch Surabaya. The analytic technique used is Structural Equation Modeling in order to determine the causality between analyzed variables.
Based on the results of data processing, it can be concluded that the Orientation Working Smart factor does not have an impact to the sales performance factor, and the customer orientation factor has a positive effect on the sales performance factor of PT. Tianshi Branch Surabaya.
Determinan Profitabilitas Perbankan Nasional di Indonesia
Authors: Hayati Nur , Musdholifah Musdholifah 
Published: October 2016

This research aims to analyze the effect of Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non-Performing Loans (NPL), Operating Expenses to Operating Income (BOPO), Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR), Net Interest Margin (NIM) on the profitability proxy with return on assets (ROA) at commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2010. The samples used are 14 commercial banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The samples are taken using purposive sampling method with certain criteria. The method used in this study is to use multiple regression analysis to test the hypothesis that the t test and the f test. Before using a multiple regression analysis, performed the classic assumption test first.
The results obtain in this study are simultaneously CAR, NPL, BOPO, LDR, and NIM effect on profitability by 44%. While partially CAR, BOPO, and NIM effect on profitability and LDR NPL does not affect profitability.
Pembelajaran Matematika Dengan Setting Model Treffinger Untuk Mengembangkan Kreativitas Siswa
Authors: Nisa Titin Faridatun 
Published: October 2016

Matematika adalah salah satu mata pelajaran yang tidak mudah bagi kebanyakan siswa. Matematika merupakan salah satu bidang studi yang sering dikeluhkan sebagai bidang studi yang sulit dan membosankan karena kebanyakan matematika diajarkan dengan metode yang tidak menarik. Salah satu model yang dapat digunakan agar siswa aktif dalam pembelajaran adalah model Treffinger. Model ini dapat memenuhi pengembangan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematika siswa. Model Treffinger ini terdiri dari tiga langkah inti, yaitu: basic tools, practice with process, dan working with real problems. Pada setiap langkah dalam model Treffinger ini diharapkan dapat mengembangkan kreativitas siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah, mengarahkan siswa untuk berpikir logis tentang hubungan antar konsep dan situasi dalam permasalahan dan menghargai keragaman berpikir yang timbul selama proses pemecahan masalah berlangsung.
Pengaruh Permainan Dan Penguasaan Kosakata Terhadap Kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun
Authors: Aulina Choirun Nisak 
Published: October 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh permainan dan penguasaan kosakata terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan anak usia 5-6 tahun. Permainan yang dimaksud adalah permainan scrabble dan permainan kartu gambar sedangkan penguasaan kosakata terdiri dari penguasaan kosakata tinggi dan penguasaan kosakata rendah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan membaca permulaan antara anak yang diberikan perlakuan permainan scrabble dan anak yang diberikan perlakuan kartu gambar, (2) terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara permainan dan penguasaan kosakata terhadap kemampuan membaca permulaan, (3) anak dengan penguasaan kosakata tinggi yang diberikan perlakuan permainan scrabble memiliki kemampuan membaca permulaan lebih tinggi daripada anak yang diberikan perlakuan permainan kartu gambar, (4) anak dengan penguasaan kosakata rendah yang diberikan perlakuan permainan kartu gambar memiliki kemampuan membaca permulaan relatif sama dengan anak yang diberikan perlakuan permainan scrabble.
Pengembangan Model Manajemen Strategik Berbasis (beyond center and circle Time) BCCT Pada PAUD
Authors: Rindaningsih Ida 
Published: October 2016

BCCT (Beyond Centre and Circle Time) merupakan pendekatan pembelajaran melalui sentra dan lingkaran. Semua pembelajaran dilakukan sambil bermain. Manajemen strategik dapat dipandang sebagai hal yang mencakup tiga macam elemen utama (analisis strategik, pilihan strategik yang berhubungan dengan perumusan aneka macam arah tindakan, evaluasinya, implementasi strategi). Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dan jenis penelitiannya adalah action research. Adapun hasil penelitian pengembangan model manajemen strategik efektif dalam mengatasi permasalahan yang kompleks disekolahan dan maksimalnya peran kepala sekolah dalam menjalankan strategi sekolah.
Memahami Konsep Matematika Pada Materi Sifat-Sifat bangun Ruang Pada Kelas VB Melalui Kolaborasi Metode Ceramah Demonstrasi dan Eksperimen
Authors: Masduri Masduri 
Published: October 2016

Dari hasil Penelitian Tindakan Kelas yang dilakukan selama 2 siklus, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa motivasi belajar siswa dalam proses pembelajaran matematika di kelas VB dapat ditingkatkan melalui penerapan metode ceramah yang dikolaborasi dengan metode demonstrasi dan eksperimen. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil observasi aktivitas belajar siswa selama 2 siklus menunjukkan 93% siswa aktif mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Hasil angket respon siswa juga menunjukkan bahwa siswa tertarik mengikuti pembelajaran dengan metode kolaborasi yang digunakan guru dengan angka persentase 80% siswa menjawab“ya”.Penerapan metode ceramah, demonstrasi dan eksperimen yang dikolaborasi juga terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa memahami konsep matematika pada materi Sifat-sifat Bangun Ruang. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan perolehan nilai tes hasil belajar siswa yang memperoleh nilai ≥70 (KKM) sebanyak 29 orang atau sekitar 96,7% pada siklus II secara klasikal dapat dikatakan tuntas, dari yang sebelumnya hanya ada 12 orang siswa (40%) pada siklus I. Nilai rata-rata siswa juga meningkat dari 64,5 pada siklus I menjadi 86,5 pada siklus II. “ya”.Penerapan metode ceramah, demonstrasi dan eksperimen yang dikolaborasi juga terbukti dapat meningkatkan kemampuan siswa memahami konsep matematika pada materi Sifat-sifat Bangun Ruang. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan perolehan nilai tes hasil belajar siswa yang memperoleh nilai ≥70 (KKM) sebanyak 29 orang atau sekitar 96,7% pada siklus II secara klasikal dapat dikatakan tuntas, dari yang sebelumnya hanya ada 12 orang siswa (40%) pada siklus I. Nilai rata-rata siswa juga meningkat dari 64,5 pada siklus I menjadi 86,5 pada siklus II.
Kompetensi Guru Iklim Kerja, dan Motivasi Berprestasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru SMA
Authors: Hasan Afrinelli 
Published: October 2016

Objek penelitian ini adalah guru SMA di Kecamatan Nanggalo Padang, dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 105 orang. Sampel sebanyak 52 orangyang dipilih dengan metode stratified proportional random sampling. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis jalur. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa : (1) Kompetensi sosial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru.Artinya semakin meningkat Kompetensi Sosial maka akan dapat meningkatkankinerjaguru SMA di kecamatan Nanggalo Padang. (2) Kompetensi sosial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi berprestasi guru. Artinya semakin meningkat kompetensi sosial guru, akan meningkatkan keinginan guru memotivasi diri untuk berprestasi pada SMA di kecamatan Nanggalo Padang. (3) Iklim kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi berprestasi guru. Artinya semakin baik iklim kerja semakin tinggi motivasi berprestasi guru berprestasi SMA di kecamatan Nanggalo Padang. (4) Iklim Kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru. Artinya semakin baik iklim kerja, akan semakin meningkat kinerja guru SMA di kecamatan Nanggalo Padang. (5) Motivasi berprestasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja guru. Artinya semakin baik motivasi berprestasi guru, semakin meningkat kinerja guru SMA di kecamatan Nanggalo Padang. Peningkatan kinerja guru dapat dilakukan dengan cara sebagai berikut: a) melibatkan guru dalam melaksanakan tugas lain yang relevan dengan fungsi sekolah., b) meningkatkan hubungan dan komunikasi yang efektifdisekolah maupun dengan institusi pendidikan. c) mendorong guru untuk menyusun rencana kerja yang menyeluruh dan berusaha untuk merealisasikan rencana tersebut.