bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and prognostic impact of frailty and its components in non‐dependent elderly patients with heart failure
Authors: Vidán María T. , Blaya‐Novakova Vendula , Sánchez Elísabet , Ortiz Javier , Serra‐Rexach José A. , Bueno Héctor 
Published: April 2016

AimsThe aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical features, and the independent impact of frailty—a geriatric syndrome characterized by the decline of physiological systems—and its components, on prognosis after heart failure (HF) hospitalization.Methods and resultsFRAIL‐HF is a prospective cohort study including 450 non‐dependent patients ≥70 years old hospitalized for HF. Frailty was screened according to the biological phenotype criteria (low physical activity, weight loss, slow walking speed, weak grip strength, and exhaustion). The independent influence of frailty on mortality, functional decline, and readmission risks was calculated adjusted for HF characteristics and co‐morbidities. Mean age was 80 ± 6 years; 76% fulfilled frailty criteria. Frail patients were older, more often female, but showed no differences in chronic co‐morbidities, LVEF, and NT‐proBNP levels. Slow walking speed was the most discriminative component between frail (89.2%) and non‐frail patients (26%). Overall, 1‐year survival was 89% in the non‐frail group and 75% in frail subjects (P = 0.003). After adjusting for age, gender, chronic and acute co‐morbidities, NYHA, and NT‐proBNP, frail patients showed higher risks for 30‐day functional decline [odds ratio (OR) 2.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.19–4.08], 1‐year all‐cause mortality [hazard ratio (HR) 2.13, 95% CI 1.07–4.23], and 1‐year readmission (OR 1.96, 95% CI 1.14–3.34). The association of individual components with 1‐year adjusted mortality risk was HR 2.14, 95% CI 1.05–4.39 for low physical activity and HR 1.77, 95% CI 0.95–3.29 for slow walking speed.ConclusionFrailty is highly prevalent even among non‐dependent elderly HF patients, and is an independent predictor of early disability, long‐term mortality, and readmission. Individual frailty components may be useful for risk prediction.
1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Carbodiimides and Nitrilimines: Synthesis and Mechanistic Study of 5‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles
Authors: Yen Wan‐Ping , Kung Fung‐Chun , Wong Fung Fuh 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAn effective 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition was developed for the synthesis of 5‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazoles by reacting hydrazonoyl hydrochlorides (nitrilimines) with carbodiimides in the presence of triethylamine as a base. Both symmetric and asymmetric carbodiimides are compatible with this newly developed reaction; diphenyl carbodiimide is the one exception. Mechanistic studies indicate that alkyl and cycloalkyl moieties of the quaternary N+–R on the 1,2,4‐triazolic ring serve as potential leaving groups and can efficiently depart from the intermediate 4,5‐dihydro‐4‐alkyl‐5‐imino‐1,2,4‐triazole.
Concise Total Syntheses of Pyr­ido[4,3‐b]carbazole Alkaloids Using Copper‐Mediated 6π‐Electrocyclization
Authors: Itoh Tomoki , Abe Takumi , Choshi Tominari , Nishiyama Takashi , Yanada Reiko , Ishikura Minoru 
Published: April 2016

AbstractConcise syntheses of 9‐methoxyellipticine, 3,4‐dihydroellipticine (µ‐alkaloid D), 1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroellipticine, 2‐methyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroellipticine, olivacine, 3,4‐dihydroolivacine, (±)‐guatambuine, and (±)‐janetine were developed starting from hexatriene intermediates readily obtained by Pd‐catalyzed tandem cyclization/cross‐coupling reaction of indolylborates. The route enables the facile construction of pyrido[4,3‐b]carbazoles by Cu‐catalyzed 6π‐electrocyclization and subsequent transformation of the pyridocarbazole intermediates into pyrido[4,3‐b]carbazole alkaloids.
On the treatment of uncertainties in the development of fragility functions for earthquake loss estimation of building portfolios
Authors: Sousa Luis , Silva Vitor , Marques Mário , Crowley Helen 
Published: April 2016

SummaryState‐of‐the‐art methods for the assessment of building fragility consider the structural capacity and seismic demand variability in the estimation of the probability of exceeding different damage states. However, questions remain regarding the appropriate treatment of such sources of uncertainty from a statistical significance perspective. In this study, material, geometrical and mechanical properties of a number of building classes are simulated by means of a Monte Carlo sampling process in which the statistical distribution of the aforementioned parameters is taken into consideration. Record selection is performed in accordance with hazard‐consistent distributions of a comprehensive set of intensity measures, and issues related with sufficiency, efficiency, predictability and scaling robustness are addressed. Based on the appraised minimum number of ground motion records required to achieve statistically meaningful estimates of response variability conditioned on different levels of seismic intensity, the concept of conditional fragility functions is presented. These functions translate the probability of exceeding a set of damage states as a function of a secondary sufficient intensity measure, when records are selected and scaled for a particular level of primary seismic intensity parameter. It is demonstrated that this process allows a hazard‐consistent and statistically meaningful representation of uncertainty and correlation in the estimation of intensity‐dependent damage exceedance probabilities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood Anorexia Nervosa Compared with Low Weight Food Intake Disorder Without Weight and Shape‐Related Psychopathology: A Retrospective Study of 102 Patients
Authors: Wallin Ulf , Råstam Maria 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveTo compare the clinical presentation of children with anorexia nervosa (AN group) with that of children with low‐weight food intake disorder without weight and shape‐related psychopathology (non‐AN group).MethodMedical and psychiatric data were obtained from the case records of a consecutive series of 102 children with an eating disorder and a pronounced low weight who were below the age of 13 at the start of treatment.ResultsFifty‐eight patients constituted the AN group, and 44 constituted the non‐AN group. The non‐AN group was younger and had a longer duration of symptoms than the AN group. The non‐AN group also had a lower maximum premorbid weight and shorter stature. There were no differences in medical severity, but the AN group had more psychiatric treatment.DiscussionThe non‐AN group seems to have a medically equally severe disorder as the AN group, but is less often detected and properly treated. Copyright © 2016 The Authors European Eating Disorders Review published by Eating Disorders Association and John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Nutritional composition, quality, and shelf stability of processed Ruspolia nitidula (edible grasshoppers)
Authors: Ssepuuya Geoffrey , Mukisa Ivan Muzira , Nakimbugwe Dorothy 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe nutritional and commercial potential of the edible grasshopper (Ruspolia nitidula, nsenene in Luganda), a delicacy in Uganda and many East African tribes, is limited by a short shelf life and unverified nutritional value. This research established that R. nitidula is nutritious with 36–40% protein, 41–43% fat, 2.5–3.2% carbohydrate, 2.6–3.9% ash, 11.0–14.5% dietary fiber, and 900–2300 μg/100 g total carotenoids on a dry matter basis. Sautéing was the most preferred processing method resulting in grasshoppers with a notably better aroma and flavor. After 12 weeks of storage at room temperature, processed and vacuum packed, ready‐to‐eat grasshoppers maintained their edible quality with an acid value of 3.2 mg KOH/g, a total plate count of log 1.8 cfu/g, and an overall acceptability of 6.7–7.2 on a 9‐point hedonic scale. Further research is required for extending the shelf stability beyond 12 weeks and characterizing the profile of major nutrients.
Cachexia research in Japan: facts and numbers on prevalence, incidence and clinical impact
Authors: Konishi Masaaki , Ishida Junichi , Springer Jochen , Anker Stefan D. , von Haehling Stephan 
Published: April 2016

AbstractEven though most clinical data on cachexia have been reported from Western countries, cachexia may be a growing problem in Asia as well, as the population in this area of the world is considerably larger. Considering the current definitions of obesity and sarcopenia in Japan, which are different from the ones in Western countries, the lack of a distinct cachexia definition in Japan is strinking. Only one epidemiological study has reported the prevalence of cachexia using weight loss as part of the definition in patients with stage III or IV non‐small cell lung cancer. Although the reported prevalence of 45.6% is within the range of that in Western countries (28–57% in advanced cancer), we cannot compare the prevalence of cachexia in other types of cancer, heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and kidney disease (CKD) between Japan and Western countries. In patients with heart failure, one third of Japanese patients has a body mass index <20.3 kg/m2 whereas the prevalence of underweight is 13.6% in reports from Western countries. These results may suggest that there are more cachectic heart failure patients in Japan, or that using the same definition like Western countries leads to gross overestimation of the prevalence of cachexia in Japan. The rate of underweight patients in COPD has been reported as 31–41% in COPD and seems to be high in comparison to the prevalence of cachexia in Western countries (27–35%). The reported lowest quartile value of BMI (19.6 kg/m2) in CKD may match with the prevalence of cachexia in Western countries (30–60%). The number of clinical trials targeting cachexia is very limited in Japan so far.
Salting‐out of bio‐based 2,3‐butanediol from aqueous solutions
Authors: Xie Shaoqu , Zhang Yulei , Zhou Yong , Wang Zeru , Yi Conghua , Qiu Xueqing 
Published: April 2016

AbstractBACKGROUNDMicrobial production of 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BD) with different substrates and organisms results in various 2,3‐BD concentration in fermentation broths. The salting‐out of 2,3‐BD from different aqueous solutions with different solute content by four high‐solubility salts (K4P2O7•3H2O, K2HPO4•3H2O, K2CO3, K3PO4•3H2O) were investigated at 298.15 K.RESULTSThe distribution coefficient and selectivity coefficient of 2,3‐BD were greatly affected by the salt composition and the initial salt concentration, but influenced by the solute content slightly. When the initial K4P2O7 concentration was higher than or equal to 550 g kg−1, 100% of 2,3‐BD from the aqueous solutions was recovered, and more than 97.5% of water was removed.CONCLUSIONThe salting‐out effects of four salts on the aqueous 2,3‐BD solutions were determined in the following order: K4P2O7 >K3PO4 > K2HPO4 >K2CO3. Moreover, the solubility of 2,3‐BD in both phases can be predicted in terms of the initial salt concentration and the solute content. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Robust nonlinear controller based on control Lyapunov function and terminal sliding mode for buck converter
Authors: Mohammadpour Shotorbani Amin , Babaei Ebrahim 
Published: April 2016

SummaryThis paper studies the sliding mode control (SMC) and terminal SMC (TSMC) techniques of output voltage regulation in dc–dc buck converters. In this paper, the conventional terminal sliding manifold (TSM), fast terminal sliding manifold, and adaptive terminal sliding manifold are investigated by using hysteresis‐modulated control. In addition, proportional‐integral‐derivative‐shaped TSM, PI‐shaped TSM, and proportional‐integral‐derivative‐integral‐shaped TSM are proposed in order to overcome the problems of conventional TSMs. Furthermore, a new continuous controller based on control Lyapunov function (CLF), with pre‐settable‐fixed switching frequency, is suggested. CLF‐based controller (CLF‐bC) is also adapted to the discontinuous digital input of the buck converter. In the proposed CLF‐bC, the switching frequency is completely independent and pre‐settable. Stabilization, reference tracking, high performance dynamic response, robustness against parameter uncertainties, and rejection of disturbances (e.g., input voltage changes and load variations) are some advantages of the proposed controllers. Impact of the controllers' parameters on the performance of the system is also summarized. Finite‐time stability of TSMs and proposed CLF‐bC, and the robustness of CLF‐bC against parameter variations and disturbances are mathematically proved. Performance of the proposed Adaptive TSMC (ATSMC), proportional‐integral‐derivative‐TSMC, and CLF‐bC has been verified through matlab simulations and compared with the conventional SMC and TSMC strategies. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Basic Concept of Tailored Bars
Authors: Biesenbach Jens , Neukum Jörg 
Published: April 2016

AbstractDirect diode lasers are, in principle, more efficient and smaller than classic solid‐state lasers. But the combination of multiple beams from hundreds of individual emitters requires beam shaping and lensing at the expense of efficiency. At the costs for the micro‐optical elements and alignment, the efforts for super‐imposing of individual emitters with different techniques, assumption of the economic superiority over solid‐state laser sources is not so readily apparent — so far.
Hybrid Manufacturing of Turbine Components
Authors: Boehm Volker 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe energy sector and, above all, the aerospace and MRO (maintenance, repair and overhaul) markets, will be growing significantly over the next decades. This will increase the price for Ni‐based alloys, super alloys, titanium aluminide (TiAl) and stainless steel enormously. The complexity of part geometry, higher product quality, parts machined to higher precision, shorter production time and a lower reject rate will lead to a new production and process strategy.
Enhanced nonlinear effects in pulse propagation through epsilon‐near‐zero media
Authors: Ciattoni Alessandro , Rizza Carlo , Marini Andrea , Falco Andrea Di , Faccio Daniele , Scalora Michael 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn recent years, unconventional metamaterial properties have triggered a revolution of electromagnetic research which has unveiled novel scenarios of wave‐matter interaction. A very small dielectric permittivity is a leading example of such unusual features, since it produces an exotic static‐like regime where the electromagnetic field is spatially slowly‐varying over a physically large region. The so‐called epsilon‐near‐zero metamaterials thus offer an ideal platform where to manipulate the inner details of the “stretched” field. Here we theoretically prove that a standard nonlinearity is able to operate such a manipulation to the point that even a thin slab produces a dramatic nonlinear pulse transformation, if the dielectric permittivity is very small within the field bandwidth. The predicted non‐resonant releasing of full nonlinear coupling produced by the epsilon‐near‐zero condition does not resort to any field enhancement mechanism and opens novel routes to exploiting matter nonlinearity for steering the radiation by means of ultra‐compact structures.
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Three‐wave mixing in whispering gallery resonators
Authors: Breunig Ingo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWe review the progress in the development of frequency converters based on three‐wave mixing in whispering gallery resonators (WGRs). The theoretical description, given in a unified notation for all basic processes, reveals that the phase‐matching condition known from conventional devices is replaced by several selection rules and, furthermore, the fact that conversion efficiencies of more than 25% can be reached in the overcoupled regime only. Experimentally, the conversion efficiencies exceed 50% already at milliwatt input powers. This is achieved, however, so far in bulk resonators only since today the on‐chip devices have two orders of magnitude lower quality factors. Regarding the stability of the conversion process, one has to consider impurities left from the crystal growth and material specific effects like photoconductivity, photorefractivity, and pyroelectricity. The impressive experimental progress paves the way that micrometer‐sized frequency converters based on WGRs will find the way out of the lab into real‐world applications.
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Green Synthesis of a Bio‐Based Epoxy Curing Agent from Isosorbide in Aqueous Condition and Shape Memory Properties Investigation of the Cured Resin
Authors: Li Chao , Dai Jinyue , Liu Xiaoqing , Jiang Yanhua , Ma Songqi , Zhu Jin 
Published: April 2016

The bio‐based diamine and epoxy monomer derived from isosorbide are synthesized. Especially, the diamine is obtained using microwave assistant thiol‐ene coupling reaction in the aqueous media and the influence of reaction parameters, such as initiator content and reaction time, are investigated. After curing the synthesized epoxy monomer together with the diamine, properties of the cured resins are studied by differential sscanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analysis, and thermogravimetric analyzer. Results demonstrate that the cured resin has good shape fixity, good shape recovery, and satisfied thermal stability despite the presence of heteroatoms. This bio‐based epoxy resin shows great potential to be used as a candidate for shape memory material. Considering the bio‐based feedstock and environmental friendly synthetic process, a “green + green” strategy to prepare thermosetting resins with advanced properties is provided in this paper.
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Application of Gurson Model for Evaluation of Density‐Dependent Mechanical Behavior of Polyurethane Foam: Comparative Study on Explicit and Implicit Method
Authors: Lee Jeong‐Ho , Kim Seul‐Kee , Park Seong‐Bo , Bang Chang‐Seon , Lee Jae‐Myung 
Published: April 2016

Recently, liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a focus of interest around the world for several reasons, and LNG cargo containment systems (CCS) increase in quality to prevent loss of LNG during shipping. For insulation of CCS, polyurethane foam (PUF), an outstanding insulation material, is commonly used. However, until now, although its mechanical properties are relatively good, the material is not considered as a structural member under compressive loading, principal load direction in CCS. Moreover, as PUF is a porous material by mixing and foaming, its mechanical properties depend on voids, which is a dominant parameter for density. Therefore, in the present study, nonlinear behavior of PUF is described using Gurson model with a novel technique, i.e., an acceleration factor. The model expresses the behavior through the volume fraction of voids with consideration of the density effect to evaluate structural performance using user‐defined material subroutine with explicit and implicit methods.
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Mind the Gap! A Journey towards Computational Toxicology
Authors: Mangiatordi Giuseppe Felice , Alberga Domenico , Altomare Cosimo Damiano , Carotti Angelo , Catto Marco , Cellamare Saverio , Gadaleta Domenico , Lattanzi Gianluca , Leonetti Francesco , Pisani Leonardo , Stefanachi Angela , Trisciuzzi Daniela , Nicolotti Orazio 
Published: April 2016

AbstractComputational methods have advanced toxicology towards the development of target‐specific models based on a clear cause‐effect rationale. However, the predictive potential of these models presents strengths and weaknesses. On the good side, in silico models are valuable cheap alternatives to in vitro and in vivo experiments. On the other, the unconscious use of in silico methods can mislead end‐users with elusive results. The focus of this review is on the basic scientific and regulatory recommendations in the derivation and application of computational models. Attention is paid to examine the interplay between computational toxicology and drug discovery and development. Avoiding the easy temptation of an overoptimistic future, we report our view on what can, or cannot, realistically be done. Indeed, studies of safety/toxicity represent a key element of chemical prioritization programs carried out by chemical industries, and primarily by pharmaceutical companies.
Hydration Free Energy as a Molecular Descriptor in Drug Design: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Zafar Ayesha , Reynisson Jóhannes 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIn this work the idea was investigated whether calculated hydration energy (ΔGhyd) can be used as a molecular descriptor in defining promising regions of chemical space for drug design. Calculating ΔGhyd using the Density Solvation Model (SMD) in conjunction with the density functional theory (DFT) gave an excellent correlation with experimental values. Furthermore, calculated ΔGhyd correlates reasonably well with experimental water solubility (r2=0.545) and also log P (r2=0.530). Three compound collections were used: Known drugs (n=150), drug‐like compounds (n=100) and simple organic compounds (n=140). As an approximation only molecules, which do not de/protonate at physiological pH were considered. A relatively broad distribution was seen for the known drugs with an average at −15.3 kcal/mol and a standard deviation of 7.5 kcal/mol. Interestingly, much lower averages were found for the drug‐like compounds (−7.5 kcal/mol) and the simple organic compounds (−3.1 kcal/mol) with tighter distributions; 4.3 and 3.2 kcal/mol, respectively. This trend was not observed for these collections when calculated log P and log S values were used. The considerable greater exothermic ΔGhyd average for the known drugs clearly indicates in order to develop a successful drug candidate value of ΔGhyd<−5 kcal/mol or less is preferable.
Experiences of cervical screening and barriers to participation in the context of an organised programme: a systematic review and thematic synthesis
Authors: Chorley Amanda J. , Marlow Laura A. V. , Forster Alice S. , Haddrell Jessica B. , Waller Jo 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectiveAs uptake of cervical screening continues to decline, this systematic review synthesises the qualitative literature on women's perceptions and experiences of cervical screening in the context of an organised call–recall programme, in order to understand the barriers to informed uptake.MethodsWe searched nine databases for English language peer‐reviewed publications reporting on qualitative data from screening‐eligible women, exploring barriers to cervical screening in countries that offer a nationally organised call–recall programme. Evidence was integrated using thematic synthesis.ResultsThirty‐nine papers from the UK, Australia, Sweden and Korea were included. The majority of participants had attended screening at least once. Two broad themes were identified: (a) should I go for screening? and (b) screening is a big deal. In considering whether to attend, women discussed the personal relevance and value of screening. Women who had previously attended described how it was a big deal, physically and emotionally, and the varied threats that screening presents. Practical barriers affected whether women translated screening intentions into action.ConclusionsThe variation in women's understanding and perceptions of cervical screening suggests that interventions tailored to decisional stage may be of value in increasing engagement with the invitation and uptake of screening in those who wish to take part. There is also a need for further research with women who have never attended screening, especially those who remain unaware or unengaged, as their perspectives are lacking in the existing literature. © 2016 The Authors. Psycho‐Oncology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.