bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Secure wireless powered relaying networks: Energy harvesting policies and performance analysis
Authors: Le Quang Nhat , Do Dinh‐Thuan , An Beongku 
Published: July 2017

SummaryIn this paper, we investigate the problem of secure communication for a scenario, which consists of one pair of source‐destination nodes and one untrusted relay. The source communicates with the destination via the help of energy harvesting–aware untrusted relay, which acts as the helper to forward the source information to the destination; however, the relay also acts as the unintended user to eavesdrop the source information. To keep the source information confidential from untrusted relay, the destination‐assisted jamming technique is deployed. We evaluate the impact of energy harvesting protocols on such a secure communication scenario through the proposed energy transfer protocols, namely, source‐based energy harvesting protocol and maximum energy harvesting protocol. To evaluate the secrecy performance of these proposed schemes, we derive analytical expressions for two important performance metrics including intercept probability and strictly positive secrecy capacity. The numerical analysis reveals the different trade‐off between secure performance and relevant system parameters (i.e., power splitting ratio, time switching ratio, energy conversion efficiency, transmit signal‐to‐noise ratio, and relay location). Simulation results are also provided to demonstrate the accuracy of the developed analytical expression.
Mineralogy and palaeoenvironments: the Weald Basin (Early Cretaceous), Southeast England
Authors: Akinlotan Oladapo 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDetermination of the mineralogy of sedimentary rocks is important in palaeoenvironmental interpretations, especially when outcrop and field data are insufficient or not accessible. The Lower Cretaceous Wealden facies, presented here as a case study, is one such example. Petrographic analysis of this suite of sediments reveals that the arenaceous facies are mainly quartz arenites, quartzose siltstones and lack significant feldspar. The clay minerals are illite, kaolinite, illite‐montmorillonite, vermiculite and illite‐smectite. The presence of quartz arenites and kaolinite suggests that the rocks were reworked from granitic and/or gneissic rocks. Directly or indirectly, the rocks may have been obtained from a stable craton. The mineral and textural maturity, together with a travel distance of ca 300 km point to matured sources. A warm and humid palaeoclimate in the source areas resulted in extensive weathering.
Episodic foresight beyond the very next event in 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children
Authors: Boden Hannah , Labuschagne Lisa G. , Hinten Ashley E. , Scarf Damian 
Published: July 2017

AbstractTesting episodic foresight in children generally involves presenting them with a problem in one location (e.g., Room A) and, after a spending a delay in a different location, telling them they will be returning to Room A. Before they go, children are presented with a number of items, one of which will allow them to solve the problem in Room A. At around 3 to 4 years of age children display episodic foresight, selecting the item that will allow them to solve the problem. To date, however, no study has assessed whether 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children can plan beyond the very next event, selecting the correct item when there is a delay before returning to Room A. Here, we show that 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children can pass when a delay is imposed but that their performance is significantly worse than when they are planning for an immediate event.
Ectopic fat accumulation in the pancreas and its biomarkers: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Singh Ruma G. , Yoon Harry D. , Poppitt Sally D. , Plank Lindsay D. , Petrov Maxim S. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPresence of fat in the pancreas increases the risk of metabolic co‐morbidities. Detection and quantification of pancreatic fat is not a routine clinical practice, at least in part because of need to use expensive imaging techniques. We aimed to systematically review common markers of pancreatic fat in blood and to investigate differences in these markers associated with fatty pancreas. The search was conducted in 3 databases (EMBASE, Scopus, and MEDLINE). Studies in humans were eligible for inclusion if they reported on biological markers and percentage of pancreatic fat or fatty pancreas prevalence. Data were pooled for correlation and effect size meta‐analysis. A total of 17 studies including 11 967 individuals were eligible for meta‐analysis. Markers of lipid metabolism, including circulating triglycerides (r = 0.38 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31, 0.46]) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = −0.33 [95% CI −0.35, −0.31]), and markers of glucose metabolism, including glycated haemoglobin (r = 0.39 [95% CI 0.30, 0.48], insulin (r = 0.38 [95% CI 0.33, 0.43]), and homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (r = 0.37 [95% CI 0.30, 0.44], yielded the best correlations with percentage of pancreatic fat. Further, effect size analysis showed large and medium effects for the above markers of lipid and glucose metabolism. Circulating levels of triglycerides and glycated haemoglobin appear to be the best currently available markers of pancreatic fat. The approach of non‐invasive and accurate detection of pancreatic fat by blood analysis should be further explored in the future, by investigating other potential biological markers of pancreatic fat.
New onset diabetes after kidney transplantation is associated with increased mortality—A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Cooper L. , Oz N. , Fishman G. , Shohat T. , Rahamimov R. , Mor E. , Green H. , Grossman A. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveClinical outcomes in individuals with new onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) and the optimal treatment for this complication are poorly characterized. This study was intended to better define these issues.MethodsPatients who underwent kidney transplantation and did not have diabetes prior to transplantation were included in the study. Clinical outcomes were compared between those who developed NODAT and those who did not. In those who developed NODAT, oral therapy was compared with insulin based therapy.ResultsA total of 266 kidney transplant recipients were included, of which 71 (27%) developed NODAT during the time of the follow‐up. Using Cox multivariate analysis adjusted for age and gender, hazard ratio for overall mortality among patients with NODAT versus those without NODAT was 2.69 (95% CI 1.04‐7.01). Among patients who developed NODAT, 29 patients (40%) were treated with an insulin‐based regimen. At the end of follow‐up, no difference was found in mean HbA1c, and therapy regimen was not associated with greater mortality.ConclusionsNew onset diabetes in kidney transplanted patients is associated with increased mortality compared with kidney transplanted patients without NODAT.
Glycaemia control and the risk of hospitalisation for infection in patients with type 2 diabetes: Hong Kong Diabetes Registry
Authors: Luk Andrea O.Y. , Lau Eric S.H. , Cheung Kitty K.T. , Kong Alice P.S. , Ma Ronald C.W. , Ozaki Risa , Chow Francis C.C. , So Wing‐Yee , Chan Juliana C.N. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundInfection occurs more commonly in diabetic patients compared with the general population and is an under‐recognised but important morbidity in patients with diabetes. We examined the impact of glycaemic control on hospitalisation for infection in a large prospective cohort of Chinese adults with type 2 diabetes.MethodsBetween July 1994 and June 2014, 22 846 patients with type 2 diabetes underwent detailed assessment of metabolic control and diabetes complications. Patients were followed for occurrence of infection requiring hospitalisation as identified using discharge diagnosis codes.ResultsOver a median follow‐up of 4.8 years, 20.3% of patients were hospitalised for any infection type, with respiratory tract, genitourinary tract, and skin being the most commonly affected sites. In multivariate Cox regression, time‐dependent HbA1c was associated with all‐site infection (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07 [95% confidence interval {CI}:1.05‐1.09, P < 0.001]), genitourinary tract infection (HR 1.09 [95% CI: 1.04‐1.14], P < 0.001), and skin infection (HR 1.16 [95% CI 1.12‐1.21]. P < 0.001), but not infection of respiratory tract, and was independent of age, gender, disease duration, smoking, body mass index, glomerular filtration rate, haemoglobin, history of stroke, congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, peripheral artery disease, diabetic neuropathy and cancer, and baseline drug use. Against an arbitrary HbA1c interval of >7.0‐8.0% (53‐64 mmol/mol), patients with HbA1c ≤6.0% (42 mmol/mol) and >8.0% (64 mmol/mol) had excess risks of infection‐related hospitalisation adjusted for other factors.ConclusionsIn patients with type 2 diabetes, burden of serious infection is high. In the diabetic population, a U‐shape relationship between glycaemia and infection‐related hospitalisation was detected.
Effect of alcohol dehydrogenase‐1B and ‐7 polymorphisms on blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentrations in healthy subjects with a history of moderate alcohol consumption
Authors: Pastorino Roberta , Iuliano Luigi , Vecchioni Alessia , Arzani Dario , Milic Mirta , Annunziata Francesca , Zerbinati Chiara , Capoluongo Ettore , Bonassi Stefano , McKay James D. , Boccia Stefania 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis study aims to evaluate the effect of ADH1B and ADH7 genotypes on blood acetaldehyde and ethanol levels after alcohol ingestion, and to measure the genotoxic effect of smoking and ethanol on the buccal cells, also controlling for ADH variants. We recruited healthy Italian subjects with at least a moderate history of alcohol consumption. All subjects were given an alcoholic drink of 0.4 g ethanol /kg of body weight. Blood venous samples were collected at baseline, and 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes after ingestion. Buccal cells were collected before ethanol ingestion. Sixty subjects were enrolled in the study. Individuals with the ADH1B GG genotype had median ethanol levels of 5.0mM (IQR 3.4–7.2), and those with the ADH1B GT/TT genotype had 4.7mM (IQR 4.2–4.8). Corresponding acetaldehyde levels were 1.5μM (IQR 0.7–2.6) for ADH1B GG genotype and 1.6μM (IQR 1.5–1.7) for ADH1B CG/GG genotype. Individuals with the ADH7 CC genotype had median ethanol levels of 5.0mM (IQR 3.3–7.2), while 5.0mM (IQR 4.7–5.6) was in those with the ADH7 CG/GG genotype. Corresponding acetaldehyde levels were 1.5 μM (IQR 0.7–2.6) for ADH7 CC genotype and 1.5 μM (IQR 1.4–1.6) for ADH7 CG/GG genotypes. A non‐significant increase in the frequency of karyolitic and pyknotic cells was found in the group of heavy drinkers and current smokers, when compared to the moderate drinkers and the non‐smokers. Our study does not support the hypothesis that ADH1B and ADH7 genotypes affect blood ethanol and acetaldehyde concentration.
Connecting the dots: Stopover strategies of an intercontinental migratory songbird in the context of the annual cycle
Authors: Paxton Kristina L. , Moore Frank R. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe phases of the annual cycle for migratory species are inextricably linked. Yet, less than five percent of ecological studies examine seasonal interactions. In this study, we utilized stable hydrogen isotopes to geographically link individual black‐and‐white warblers (Mniotilta varia)captured during spring migration with breeding destinations to understand a migrant's stopover strategy in the context of other phases of the annual cycle. We found that stopover strategy is not only a function of a bird's current energetic state, but also the distance remaining to breeding destination and a bird's time‐schedule, which has previously been linked to habitat conditions experienced in the preceding phase of the annual cycle. Birds in close proximity to their breeding destination accumulate additional energy reserves prior to arrival on the breeding grounds, as reflected by higher migratory condition upon arrival, higher refueling rates measured via blood plasma metabolites, and longer stopover durations compared to birds migrating to breeding destinations farther from the stopover site. However, late birds near their breeding destination were more likely to depart on the day of arrival (i.e., transients), and among birds that stopped over at the site, the average duration of stopover was almost half the time of early conspecifics, suggesting late birds are trying to catch‐up with the overall time‐schedule of migration for optimal arrival time on the breeding grounds. In contrast, birds with long distances remaining to breeding destinations were more likely to depart on the day of arrival and primarily used stopover to rest before quickly resuming migration, adopting similar strategies regardless of a bird's time‐schedule. Our study demonstrates that migrants adjust their en route strategies in relation to their time‐schedule and distance remaining to their breeding destination, highlighting that strategies of migration should be examined in the context of other phases of the annual cycle.
Interactive effects of leg autotomy and incline on locomotor performance and kinematics of the cellar spider, Pholcus manueli
Authors: Gerald Gary W. , Thompson Moriah M. , Levine Todd D. , Wrinn Kerri M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractLeg autotomy can be a very effective strategy for escaping a predation attempt in many animals. In spiders, autotomy can be very common (5–40% of individuals can be missing legs) and has been shown to reduce locomotor speeds, which, in turn, can reduce the ability to find food, mates, and suitable habitat. Previous work on spiders has focused mostly on the influence of limb loss on horizontal movements. However, limb loss can have differential effects on locomotion on the nonhorizontal substrates often utilized by many species of spiders. We examined the effects of leg autotomy on maximal speed and kinematics while moving on horizontal, 45° inclines, and vertical (90°) inclines in the cellar spider Pholcus manueli, a widespread species that is a denizen of both natural and anthropogenic, three‐dimensional microhabitats, which frequently exhibits autotomy in nature. Maximal speeds and kinematic variables were measured in all spiders, which were run on all three experimental inclines twice. First, all spiders were run at all inclines prior to autotomization. Second, half of the spiders had one of the front legs removed, while the other half was left intact before all individuals were run a second time on all inclines. Speeds decreased with increasing incline and following autotomy at all inclines. Autotomized spiders exhibited a larger decrease in speed when moving horizontally compared to on inclines. Stride length decreased at 90° but not after autotomy. Stride cycle time and duty factor increased after autotomy, but not when moving uphill. Results show that both incline and leg autotomy reduce speed with differential effects on kinematics with increasing incline reducing stride length, but not stride cycle time or duty factor, and vice versa for leg autotomy. The lack of a significant influence on a kinematic variable could be evidence for partial compensation to mitigate speed reduction.
Can subsets of species indicate overall patterns in biodiversity?
Authors: Klibansky Nikolai , Shertzer Kyle W. , Kellison G. Todd , Bacheler Nathan M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractResource limitations often allow only a subset of species to be counted. But using subsets may bias inferences on spatial or temporal trends in biodiversity. Using data from a video survey on reefs in the Gulf of Mexico for which all fish species observed were counted (243 species), we investigated how the use of reduced species lists (RSLs) can impact perceived patterns in biodiversity. We estimated four common biodiversity metrics (species richness, and Margalef's, Shannon's, and Simpson's indices) at each of 2115 sampling locations, using the total species list and RSLs. For all diversity metrics, correlations between estimates using the total species list and RSLs increased with the number of species in the list. Using a bootstrap approach, we randomly generated hypothetical lists equal in length to each empirical RSL to evaluate their performance; empirical RSLs tended to perform similar to random lists of equivalent length when estimating species richness or Margalef's index, and tended to outperform most hypothetical RSLs when estimating Shannon's and Simpson's indices. To understand how to create better performing RSLs, we extended the bootstrap analysis to select RSLs of all possible lengths, using four different selection methods related to species commonness; the functional relationships between correlation and number of species in an RSL were similar among metrics but were very different among selection methods. With each hypothetical RSL, we tested common biodiversity hypotheses such as relationships with depth and latitude and compared the outcomes with the best estimate of true relationships identified using the total list. Longer lists comprised of the most common species more often identified the true relationship, but results showed complex patterns. Many short lists of the most common species yielded results opposite the true relationships, and many lists of intermediate length failed to identify any relationship while the total list showed a significant trend. Overall, these analyses show that sampling methods used for biodiversity studies should be as unselective as possible, and datasets based on more selective methods should be interpreted carefully and should not be expected to reflect true patterns in biodiversity.
Patterns and dynamics of vegetation recovery following grazing cessation in the California golden trout habitat
Authors: Nusslé Sébastien , Matthews Kathleen R. , Carlson Stephanie M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractIn 1978, the Golden Trout Wilderness area was established to protect the California golden trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss aguabonita)—a vulnerable subspecies of the rainbow trout that is endemic to California—and its habitat, which is currently restricted to a few streams within high‐elevation meadows in the Sierra Nevada Mountain Range. Because of the deleterious effects of livestock grazing on riparian vegetation in the golden trout habitat (occurring since the 1800s), meadow restoration activities were initiated in 1991, including cattle exclusion. There has been renewed discussion about re‐opening these public lands to livestock grazing, and impact assessment studies are needed to inform decision makers about the potential consequences. Thus, we estimated the recovery potential of the golden trout habitat by measuring the height of riparian vegetation within areas that have been grazed vs. closed to grazing (“rested”) since 1991. We found that cattle exclusion is effective at favoring riparian vegetation growth, but that vegetation recovery from grazing could take several decades in these sensitive habitats as some “rested” areas have yet to recover to full vegetation height, even after 25 yr of rest.
Synthesis and Reactivity of Iron– and Cobalt–Dinitrogen Complexes Bearing PSiP‐Type Pincer Ligands toward Nitrogen Fixation
Authors: Imayoshi Ryuji , Nakajima Kazunari , Takaya Jun , Iwasawa Nobuharu , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki 
Published: July 2017

AbstractInvited for the cover of this issue is the Nishibayashi group, University of Tokyo, collaborating with the Iwasawa group, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. The cover image shows the transformation of molecular dinitrogen into silylamine as ammonia equivalent, catalyzed by Fe– and Co–dinitrogen complexes bearing PSiP‐type pincer ligands.
The Value of Compressed‐Air Energy Storage for Enhancing Variable‐Renewable‐Energy Integration: The Case of Ireland
Authors: Nikolakakis Thomas , Fthenakis Vasilis 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMixed integer programming (MIP) was used to formulate a unit commitment and economic dispatch (UCED) algorithm that included two models for simulating the dynamic performance of compressed‐air energy storage (CAES) units. The first model assumes CAES operating with fixed efficiencies (FEs) on both the compression and expansion side, similar to models commonly used in industry and academia. The second model is a detailed thermoeconomic (TE) model, which uses power curves obtained by CAES manufacturers to model the effect of cavern pressure on operation limits of both the compressor and expander. The UCED and CAES models were combined to identify the contribution of CAES on minimizing the impacts of wind integration into the Irish power sector in 2020. The results of the UCED‐TE model show that the addition of a CAES unit in the North Ireland grid can reduce wind curtailment, CO2 emissions, and system costs. The cost reductions result mainly from reductions in wind curtailment and coal‐fired generation. The FE model shows much higher reductions of wind curtailment, CO2 emissions, and total system costs. However, both models show that the benefit of CAES on the system increases with variable renewable energy and CAES installed capacity. The difference in the results of the two models is reduced in scenarios of high CAES capacity. The main conclusions of the study are that existing fixed‐efficiencies CAES models overestimate reductions on wind curtailment whereas both models show the system‐wide economic benefits of CAES grow considerably as wind production grows.
Towards All‐Inorganic Transport Layers for Wide‐Band‐Gap Formamidinium Lead Bromide‐Based Planar Photovoltaics
Authors: Subbiah Anand S. , Mahuli Neha , Agarwal Sumanshu , van Hest Maikel F. A. M. , Sarkar Shaibal K. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractHybrid perovskite photovoltaic devices heavily rely on the use of organic (rather than inorganic) charge‐transport layers on top of a perovskite absorber layer because of difficulties in depositing inorganic materials on top of these fragile absorber layers. However, in comparison to the unstable and expensive organic transport materials, inorganic charge‐transport layers provide improved charge transport and stability to the device architecture. Here, we report photovoltaic devices using all‐inorganic transport layers in a planar p‐i‐n junction device configuration using formamidinium lead tribromide (FAPbBr3) as an absorber. Efficient planar devices are obtained through atomic layer deposition of nickel oxide and sputtered zinc oxide as hole‐ and electron‐transport materials, respectively. Using only inorganic charge‐transport layers resulted in planar FAPbBr3 devices with a power conversion efficiency of 6.75 % at an open‐circuit voltage of 1.23 V. The transition of planar FAPbBr3 devices making from all‐organic towards all–inorganic charge‐transport layers is studied in detail.