bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Self-assembly of alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine amphiphiles into nanostructures via steric control and metal–metal interactions
Authors: Leung Sammual Yu-Lut , Wong Keith Man-Chung , Yam Vivian Wing-Wah 
Published: March 2016

Significance
Metallosupramolecular π-conjugated amphiphiles have emerged as a building block for supramolecular architectures owing to their interesting luminescence behavior and their propensity to form noncovalent metal–metal interactions. This work represents the first example, to our knowledge, of the alkynylplatinum(II) terpyridine system that can undergo supramolecular assembly into tubular nanostructures. The modulation on the steric bulk of the moieties could control the formation of the designated molecular architectures, ranging from nanotubes to helical ribbons. In addition, the uniqueness of the chromophores has allowed the study of their assembly processes, in which a mechanism of cooperative supramolecular polymerization into nanotubes has been elucidated. This study has provided an in-depth understanding into the supramolecular polymerization that occurs through noncovalent Pt···Pt and π−π stacking interactions.
Confusion is corruptive belief in false identity
Authors: Unnsteinsson Elmar 
Published: March 2016

AbstractSpeakers are confused about identity if they mistake one thing for two or two things for one. I present two plausible models of confusion, the Frege model and the Millikan model. I show how a prominent objection to Fregean models fails and argue that confusion consists in having false implicit beliefs involving the identity relation. Further, I argue that confused identity has characteristic corruptive effects on singular cognition and on the proper function of singular terms in linguistic communication.
Transforming growth factor-β1 induces cholesterol synthesis by increasing HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression in keratinocytes
Authors: Yamane Takumi , Muramatsu Aimi , Shimura Mari , Kobayashi-Hattori Kazuo , Oishi Yuichi 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effect of TGF-β1 on cholesterol synthesis in human keratinocytes. TGF-β1 increased the level of cholesterol and the mRNA level of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase in human keratinocytes. These results show that TGF-β1 induces cholesterol synthesis by increasing HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expression in human keratinocytes.
Branding like a State: Establishing Catalan Singularity at the Frankfurt Book Fair
Authors: Woolard Kathryn A. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe designation of Catalan culture as guest of honor at the 2007 Frankfurt Book Fair raised controversy over whether Catalan culture is expressed in one language or two. This was an opportunity for elites to promote Catalan industry internationally but also to compete over visions of Catalonia for domestic political purposes. An analysis of media texts from the controversy shows that national branding emerged as a key trope in the official defense of emphasizing Catalan over Castilian-medium literature. As a discourse sanctioned in the global political economy, branding was strategically revoiced by Catalan officials to parry Castilian critics’ free-marketeer accusations of illiberal essentialist protectionism. This analysis uses Silverstein’s concept of indexical order to argue that branding functioned not only as a sign of Catalonia’s distinctiveness in the global marketplace but also at a higher order as a brand in itself to index the Catalan administration’s cosmopolitan, contemporary, and rationalist character.
The Indexical Reordering of Language in Times of Crisis: Nation, Region, and the Rebranding of Place in Shetland and Western Ireland
Authors: Brennan Sara C. , Wilson James Costa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article analyzes how under conditions of crisis certain social actors shift the metasemiotic frames through which minority languages may be approached in order to suit place-branding purposes and to make them more widely accessible for business usage. In the cases we investigate in Shetland and Western Ireland, the new meanings associated with language are connected with how crises are framed and constructed in discourse. We thus examine two types of crises in which certain social actors view language as part of the solution to ward off specific trouble: economic recession (Ireland) and depopulation (Shetland). With the branding potential of these languages then positioned as part of the solutions to “crises,” new indexical alignments exemplify the neoliberal metasemiotic framework through which all elements of social and cultural life may be strategically made marketable—in this case on the intra- and international markets on which people themselves are vied for.
Branding the Alsatian Oxymoron: The Production of Ambivalent Identity
Authors: Burdick Christa 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThe regional government of Alsace, France, first commissioned the development of a regional brand in 2010 with the hopes of enhancing the region’s presence in the European and international market. Yet drawing on contentious histories and communities in a region historically beset by perceived linguistic, national, and cultural difference, the brand became a platform through which to resolve and promote particular versions of historical conflict. This article traces the semiotic labor involved in one such production of ambivalent identity, which took the form of the so-called Alsatian oxymoron. Through the Alsatian oxymoron, meant to signify historical Alsatian duality, consumers, tourists, and even Alsatian citizens themselves were invited to reencounter Alsace as a place of attractive ambiguity, exotic difference, and irreducible complexity. This essay tracks this brand labor, seeking to reveal the semiotic strategies involved in such production. Particularly, I rely on Susan Gal’s (2012) formulation of axes of differentiation to elucidate the ways in which the Alsatian oxymoron both draws on and reconfigures historical processes of differentiation in Alsace.
Nation Brands and the Politics of Difference
Authors: Del Percio Alfonso 
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis article documents the debates surrounding the policing of the brand “Switzerland.” It demonstrates that debating nation brands—particularly within the framework of a state policy of economic expansion—seems to be about who gets to produce and consume the desires that nations are imagined to stand for as much as about who gets to capitalize on the imagined value that these nations seem to have in specific markets. I also argue that if brands effectively seem to be precious sources of added value that can be exchanged with other forms of capital, not everybody is considered to have equal access to this capital. Because of their capability to produce and naturalize hierarchies between commodities, nation brands—and the entire institutional apparatus within which they are anchored and regulated—have also to be understood as key technologies of a state infrastructure governing the distribution of capital under current capitalistic conditions.
Writing the Book of Judges
Authors: Slotnick Elliot , Schiavoni Sara , Goldman Sheldon 
Published: March 2016

AbstractBuilding on the empirical portrait of federal judicial selection processes and outcomes in the 113th Congress published in part 1, we now turn to in-depth analyses, drawing on extensive interview data, of the confirmation battle over confirmations to the DC Circuit Court of Appeals, filibuster reform (the nuclear option) and its consequences, the role of the blue slip system in contemporary judicial selection, case studies of selection successes and failures, and the historic impact of the Obama appointments record on patterns of diversity and partisanship on the federal bench.
Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K1 of the air-kerma standards of the NIM, China and the BIPM in 60Co gamma radiation
Authors: Kessler C , Burns D , Wang K , Fan Y , Jin S , Yang X 
Published: March 2016

An indirect comparison of the standards for air kerma of the National Institute of Metrology (NIM), China and of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) was carried out in the 60Co radiation beam of the BIPM in November 2015. The comparison result, evaluated as a ratio of the NIM and the BIPM standards for air kerma, is 0.9997 with a combined standard uncertainty of 2.7 × 10−3. The results are analysed and presented in terms of degrees of equivalence for entry in the BIPM key comparison database.

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCRI, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Non-inductive initiation of closed flux surfaces by ECH/ECCD on KSTAR using an oblique fundamental O-mode injection from the low-field side
Authors: Tanaka H. , Uchida M. , Maekawa T. , Bae Y.-S. , Joung M. , Jeong J.H. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
An experiment on non-inductive plasma current start-up by electron cyclotron (EC) heating and current drive (ECH/ECCD) has been carried out on KSTAR by injecting the fundamental O-mode wave from the low-field side obliquely to the toroidal magnetic field. A plasma current up to 14.5 kA is generated by 180 kW of 84 GHz microwave power and the magnetic measurement shows the formation of a large last-closed flux surface with a diameter of 0.4 m. The soft x-ray emission profile and fast CCD images also support the existence of closed flux surfaces. The current of the cross-field-passing electrons (CFPEs) is calculated according to the paper Nucl. Fusion
52 083008 in these experimental conditions, and it is shown that a CFPE current can produce the initial closed flux surfaces. The observed large increase of EC emission supports the generation of energetic electrons, like CFPEs. After the formation of the closed flux surfaces, the pressure-driven current and CFPE current do not flow in the closed flux surfaces. EC-driven current should flow in these surfaces and ramp up the plasma current. It is estimated that an EC-driven current of about one third of the total plasma current flows in the closed flux surface at the last stage.
Clustering of Fe atoms in liquid Li and its effect on the viscosity of liquid Li
Authors: Gan Xianglai , Xiao Shifang , Deng Huiqiu , Li Xiaofan , Hu Wangyu 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
The clustering processes of Fe atoms in liquid Li at different temperatures and the effect from the Fe clusters on the viscosity of liquid Li are investigated using molecular dynamics simulation combined with the embedded atom method. The clustering processes are vividly captured by the microstructure evolution snapshots and the details are uncovered by the cluster analysis results. The cluster analysis results indicate the higher the temperature the faster the clustering process, and the temperature-dependent mixing enthalpy of Li–Fe (solute) dilute solution also suggests that high temperature is beneficial to Fe atoms’ clustering. In addition, our results show that the Fe clusters can dramatically increase the viscosity of liquid Li by lowering the diffusivity of the Li atoms around it, and the larger the clusters the larger the viscosity increment.
How to make a red flower: the combinatorial effect of pigments
Authors: Ng Julienne , Smith Stacey D. 
Published: March 2016

Abstract
Red flowers have evolved repeatedly across angiosperms and are frequently examined in an ecological context. However, less is known about the biochemical basis of red colouration in different taxa. In this study, we examine the spectral properties, anthocyanin composition and carotenoid expression of red flowers in the tomato family, Solanaceae, which have evolved independently multiple times across the group. Our study demonstrates that Solanaceae typically make red flowers either by the sole production of red anthocyanins or, more commonly, by the dual production of purple or blue anthocyanins and orange carotenoids. In using carotenoids to modify the effect of purple and/or blue anthocyanins, these Solanaceae species have converged on the same floral hue as those solely producing red anthocyanins, even when considering the visual system of pollinators. The use of blue anthocyanins in red flowers appears to differ from other groups, and suggests that the genetic changes underlying evolutionary shifts to red flowers may not be as predictable as previously suggested.
The Impact of Infectious Disease Specialist Consultation for Staphylococcus aureus Bloodstream Infections: A Systematic Review
Authors: Paulsen Julie , Solligård Erik , Damås Jan Kristian , DeWan Andrew , Åsvold Bjørn Olav , Bracken Michael B. 
Published: March 2016

AbstractStaphylococcus aureus is a common cause of severe bloodstream infection. We performed a systematic review to assess whether consultation with infectious disease specialists decreased all-cause mortality or rate of complications of S aureus bloodstream infections. The review also assessed parameters associated with the quality of management of the infection. We searched for eligible studies in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and clinical trials.gov as well as the references of included studies. We identified 22 observational studies and 1 study protocol for a randomized trial. A meta-analysis was not performed because of the high risk of bias in the included studies. The outcomes are reported in a narrative review. Most included studies reported survival benefit, in the adjusted analysis. Recommended management strategies were carried out significantly more often among patients seen by an infectious disease specialist. Trials, such as cluster-randomized controlled trials, can more validly assess the studies at low risk of bias.
Important Skills for Internship and the Fourth-Year Medical School Courses to Acquire Them: A National Survey of Internal Medicine Residents
Authors: Pereira Anne G. , Harrell Heather E. , Weissman Arlene , Smith Cynthia D. , Dupras Denise , Kane Gregory C. 
Published: March 2016

Purpose
To obtain feedback from internal medicine residents, a key stakeholder group, regarding both the skills needed for internship and the fourth-year medical school courses that prepared them for residency. This feedback could inform fourth-year curriculum redesign efforts.

Method
All internal medicine residents taking the 2013–2014 Internal Medicine In-Training Examination were asked to rank the importance of learning 10 predefined skills prior to internship and to use a dropdown menu of 11 common fourth-year courses to rank the 3 most helpful in preparing for internship. The predefined skills were chosen based on a review of the literature, a national subinternship curriculum, and expert consensus. Chi-square statistics were used to test for differences in responses between training levels.

Results
Of the 24,820 internal medicine residents who completed the exam, 20,484 (83%) completed the survey, had complete identification numbers, and consented to have their responses used for research. The three skills most frequently rated as very important were identifying when to seek additional help and expertise, prioritizing clinical tasks and managing time efficiently, and communicating with other providers around care transitions. The subinternship/acting internship was most often selected as being the most helpful course in preparing for internship.

Conclusions
These findings indicate which skills and fourth-year medical school courses internal medicine residents found most helpful in preparing for internship and confirm the findings of prior studies highlighting the perceived value of subinternships. Internal medicine residents and medical educators agree on the skills students should learn prior to internship.
ATYPICAL MACULOPATHY IN A PATIENT WITH LIGHT CHAIN DEPOSITION DISEASE MIMICKING ADVANCED GEOGRAPHIC ATROPHY
Authors: Crawford Courtney , Oshry Lauren J. , Reichel Elias 
Published: March 2016

Purpose:
To report a previously unreported presentation of advanced geographic atrophy of the macula mimicking nonneovascular (dry) age-related macular degeneration in a patient with light chain deposition disease.

Methods:
Ocular examination included dilated fundus examination, fundus autofluorescence, full-field electroretinography, and spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Patients:
Single-patient case report.

Results:
Dilated fundus examination demonstrated diffuse loss of the retinal pigment epithelium in a geographic atrophy pattern in the macula and drusenlike deposits localized to the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium. There were no signs of choroidal neovascularization or retinal pigment epithelium detachments. Fundus autofluorescence demonstrated wide areas of retinal pigment epithelium loss. Full-field electroretinography was normal. Spectral domain optical coherence tomography displayed atrophy of the outer retinal layers.

Discussion:
This is the first documented case of drusenlike deposits and maculopathy in a patient with light chain deposition disease that mimics advanced geographic atrophy that is typically observed in nonneovascular age-related macular degeneration. Physicians should be aware of the macular changes that can be associated with light chain deposition disease, and patients with light chain deposition disease should be regularly evaluated for associated macular disease.
Chemerin, visfatin, and vaspin serum levels in relation to bone mineral density in patients with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Terzoudis Sotirios , Malliaraki Niki , Damilakis John , Dimitriadou Daphne A. , Zavos Christos , Koutroubakis Ioannis E. 
Published: March 2016

Background
There is evidence that fat mass is correlated with bone mineral density (BMD) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but data on the role of adipokines on this association are limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the serum levels of chemerin, visfatin, and vaspin, hormones that act as adipokines, in relation to BMD in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD).

Patients and methods
Serum from 120 IBD patients (68 CD, 52 UC) and 98 matched healthy controls (HC) was collected. Chemerin, visfatin, and vaspin levels were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. BMD was determined for the lumbar spine and the proximal femur using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Full-body composition scans were analyzed using enCORE software based on the absorptiometry system.

Results
Serum chemerin was higher in IBD patients than HC [CD 13.67.1±5.8, UC 13.9±4.3 vs. HC 7.8±2.6 ng/ml, odds ratio (OR): 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93–0.98, P<0.0001]. Serum visfatin levels in CD patients were significantly higher than those in UC patients (9.3±14.01 vs. 6.5±7.2 ng/ml, OR: 0.86, 95% CI 0.80–0.92, P=0.039). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, a significant independent association of osteoporosis (T-score ≤2.5 SD) with age (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08, P=0.02), visfatin (OR: 0.78, 95% CI 0.63–0.97, P=0.02), and chemerin levels (OR: 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.98, P=0.03), but not with BMI or body composition, was found.

Conclusion
Serum visfatin and chemerin levels are associated with the development of osteoporosis in IBD. These results suggest a role of visfatin and chemerin in the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in IBD.
A Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Dose That Models Human Use and Its Effect on Vaginal SHIV Acquisition Risk
Authors: Butler Katherine , Ritter Jana M. , Ellis Shanon , Morris Monica R. , Hanson Debra L. , McNicholl Janet M. , Kersh Ellen N. 
Published: March 2016

Introduction:
Hormonal contraception with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) may increase HIV acquisition risk, but observational human studies are inconclusive, and animal models can help investigate this risk. In this study, we test the impact of a low DMPA dose, designed to resemble human contraceptive use, on Simian-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV) acquisition risk in pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina).

Methods:
Macaques metabolize DMPA faster than humans. We previously identified a per-weight DMPA dose and administration frequency that achieves long-lasting suppression of ovulation in macaques. Eight macaques were given 1.5-mg/kg DMPA monthly, whereas 11 were untreated controls. For comparison, women receive 150 mg (approximately 2 mg/kg) every 3 months. We exposed monkeys to 20 suboptimal SHIV challenges, designed to slowly infect half of controls and allow increased infection in the DMPA group.

Results:
It took a median 5.5 viral challenges to infect DMPA-treated macaques and 9 challenges for controls (P = 0.27; exact conditional logistic regression). The exact odds ratio was 2.2 (CI: 0.6 to 8.3). Ovulation was suppressed, and the vaginal epithelium was thinned after DMPA treatment in all animals (mean, 30 and 219 mm in DMPA-treated and control macaques, respectively, P = 0.03, t test using the Satterthwaite degrees-of-freedom approximation).

Conclusions:
SHIV infections in DMPA-treated macaques were 2.2 times those of controls, but this was not statistically significant. The result is remarkably similar to studies of human DMPA use, which have shown HIV risk increases of a similar magnitude and of variable significance. Taken together with previous studies of higher DMPA doses in macaques, the results suggest a dose-dependent effect of DMPA on Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) or SHIV acquisition.
A CRISPR screen reveals a WNT7B-FZD5 signaling circuit as a therapeutic opportunity in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Steinhart Zachary , Hart Traver , Chandrashekhar Megha , Pavlovic Zvezdan , Robitaille Mélanie , Wang Xiaowei , Adams Jarrett , Pan James , Sidhu Sachdev , Moffat Jason , Angers Stéphane 
Published: March 2016

Abstract:CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing enables high-resolution detection of genetic vulnerabilities of cancer cells. We conducted a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 screen inRNF43mutant pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells, which rely on Wnt signaling for proliferation, and discovered a unique requirement for a WNT7B-FZD5 signaling circuit. Our results highlight an underappreciated level of functional specificity at the ligand-receptor level. We derived a panel of recombinant antibodies that reports the expression of nine out of ten human Frizzled receptors and confirm that WNT7B-FZD5 functional specificity cannot be explained by protein expression patterns. We developed two human antibodies that target FZD5 and robustly inhibited the growth ofRNF43mutant PDAC cells grownin vitroand as xenografts, providing strong orthogonal support for the functional specificity observed genetically. Proliferation of a patient-derived PDAC cell line harboring aRNF43variant previously associated with PDAC was also selectively inhibited by the FZD5 antibodies, further demonstrating their use as a potential targeted therapy.
A study on the multidimensional information management capability of knowledge workers
Authors: Hwang Yujong 
Published: March 2016

Purpose– Drawing upon the extant literature from information systems (IS), information science, psychology, marketing, management, and IT training, the purpose of this paper is to propose information management capability (IMC) construct and its sub-dimensions.Design/methodology/approach– New instruments were developed and validated to measure the proposed IMC constructs. The proposed model was empirically tested using the data collected from 120 knowledge workers using SPSS and partial least square.Findings– This research proposes and confirms that IMC has formative sub-dimensions such as sensing, collecting, organizing, processing, and maintaining.Originality/value– The study findings provide important insights on enhancing knowledge workers’ information management practices and subsequent knowledge management practices. The new instruments can be used as diagnostic tools for knowledge workers’ recruiting, ongoing assessment, and training.