bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) on \textit{ex vivo} activation of human leukocytes
Authors: Basyreva Liliya Yu , Brodsky Ilya B. , Gusev Alexander A. , Zhapparova Olga N. , Mikhalchik Elena V. , Gusev Sergey A. , Shor Dana Ben-Ami , Dahan Shani , Blank Miri , Shoenfeld Yehuda 
Published: July 2016

INTRODUCTION: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been widely used to treat various conditions, including inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. IVIG has been shown to have a direct influence on neutrophils, eosinophils and lymphocytes. However, many aspects IVIG's effect on neutrophils activation still remain unknown. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of IVIG on PMA-induced activation of neutrophils, with and without priming with TNF-α, in a series of in vitro experiments performed on whole blood. RESULTS: Our data coincided with well-known literature indicating that the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) on human leukocytes includes activation of neutrophils, monocytes and eosinophils, increase of chemiluminescence (CL) and induction of netosis, resulting in assembly of traps. In presence of IVIG (10 mg/mL), CL was reduced by 25% in response to PMA compared to PMA-induced leukocyte activation without IVIG. Decreasing IVIG concentration to 1 mg/mL and below did not inhibit PMA-induced activation of CL. PMA-induced activation after TNF-α priming resulted in approximately 50% increase of amplitude of CL response to PMA. Moreover, maximum CL was reached by minute 5, which was more rapid than in the absence of TNF-α-priming(in this case maximum CL was reached by minute 15). The IVIG concentrations did not affect morphological changes of leukocytes after sequential addition of TNF-α and PMA. IVIG had no effect on leukocyte content and on PMA-induced CL of primed leukocytes. Addition of IVIG under TNF-α priming significantly increased the number of traps in the smears in response to PMA activation. Of note, such an increase in the number of traps was depended on the IVIG concentration in plasma. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we suggest that IVIG is able to reduce the degradation of traps under priming with TNF-α. Moreover, IVIG might switch the activation of primed leukocytes to netosis.
Interior tomographic imaging of mouse heart in a carbon nanotube micro-CT
Authors: Gong Hao , Liu Rui , Yu Hengyong , Lu Jianping , Zhou Otto , Kan Lijuan , He Jia-Qiang , Cao Guohua 
Published: July 2016

BACKGROUND: The relatively high radiation dose from micro-CT is a cause for concern in preclinical research involving animal subjects. Interior region-of-interest (ROI) imaging was proposed for dose reduction, but has not been experimentally applied in micro-CT. OBJECTIVE: Our aim is to implement interior ROI imaging in a carbon nanotube (CNT) x-ray source based micro-CT, and present the ROI image quality and radiation dose reduction for interior cardiac micro-CT imaging of a mouse heart in situ. METHODS: An aperture collimator was mounted at the source-side to induce a small-sized cone beam (10 mm width) at the isocenter. Interior in situ micro-CT scans were conducted on a mouse carcass and several micro-CT phantoms. A GPU-accelerated hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm was employed for volumetric image reconstruction. Radiation dose was measured for the same system operated at the interior and global micro-CT modes. RESULTS: Visual inspection demonstrated comparable image quality between two scan modes. Quantitative evaluation demonstrated high structural similarity index (up to 0.9614) with improved contrast-noise-ratio (CNR) on interior micro-CT mode. Interior micro-CT mode yielded significant reduction (up to 83.9%) for dose length product (DLP). CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the applicability of using CNT x-ray source based interior micro-CT for preclinical imaging with significantly reduced radiation dose.
Une étude prosodique comparative des questions en français en contact avec l'occitan et le catalan
Authors: Boula de Mareüil Philippe , Rilliard Albert , Ivent Fanny , Kozhevina Varvara 
Published: July 2016

Cet article rapporte une analyse de données collectées en Provence, en Languedoc et en Roussillon, lors d'une enquête de terrain menée auprès de locuteurs parlant, en plus du français, l'occitan (provençal ou languedocien) ou le catalan. Nous avons notamment comparé la prosodie de questions totales terminées par un mot accentué sur l'avant-dernière syllabe (ex. caserna en occitan et en catalan, caserne avec un schwa final prononcé en français méridional). Sur les deux dernières syllabes des questions, il apparaît que le patron mélodique montant-montant est le plus fréquent et, d'après une expérience perceptive utilisant la modification/resynthèse de prosodie, qu'il est préféré aux patrons montant-descendant et descendant-montant par des auditeurs méridionaux. Un patron descendant-montant a également été observé en Roussillon, provenant probablement d'un transfert prosodique du catalan vers le français. Il n'a pas été associé à cette région par des auditeurs méridionaux qui ont pris part à une deuxième expérience perceptive. Cependant, les patrons intonatifs trouvés peuvent avoir d'autres fonctions.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a partially Amputated Finger using a Silicone Prosthesis
Authors: Fernandez Teny , Harshakumar K , Ravichandran R 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACT
Amputation of a finger will have considerable functional and psychological impact on an individual. Although prosthetic rehabilitation incorporating implants is considered an ideal treatment option, the patient may not give consent due to apprehension toward surgical procedures. The ideal prosthesis should replace the missing part of the finger so precisely that it would not draw the attention of the observer. Fabrication of such a prosthesis will require great technical and artistic expertise. This paper presents a case of prosthetic rehabilitation of an amputated finger using a silicone finger prosthesis.

How to cite this article
Fernandez T, Harshakumar K, Ravichandran R. Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a partially Amputated Finger using a Silicone Prosthesis. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2016;6(1):10-13.
What Drives Long-term Oil Market Volatility? Fundamentals versus Speculation
Authors: Yin Libo , Zhou Yimin 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This paper explores the role of speculation and economy fundamentals in the oil market using a two-component GARCH-MIDAS model. Specifically, the authors highlight the different roles played by the changing oil shocks with respect to the short-term and long-term components regarding oil market volatility. The results indicate that a global demand shock is the only factor found not only to be positive but to also significantly increase long- and short-term oil volatility in the full sample. This is consistent with a classic host of research that advocates that global demand dominates the oil market. However, since 2004, impacts of other oil shocks have been significantly weakened or even reversed. For example, the speculative demand shock has helped to stabilize long-term oil volatility during the post-2004 period. The results also suggest the existence of asymmetric impacts on short-term oil volatility, particularly for shocks from oil supply, oil-specific demand and oil speculative demand.
Using video games for volcanic hazard education and communication:
an assessment of the method and preliminary results
Authors: Mani Lara , Cole Paul D. , Stewart Iain 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. This paper presents the findings from a study aimed at understanding whether video games (or serious games) can be effective in enhancing volcanic hazard education and communication. Using the eastern Caribbean island of St. Vincent, we have developed a video game – St. Vincent's Volcano – for use in existing volcano education and outreach sessions. Its twin aims are to improve residents' knowledge of potential future eruptive hazards (ash fall, pyroclastic flows and lahars) and to integrate traditional methods of education in a more interactive manner. Here, we discuss the process of game development including concept design through to the final implementation on St. Vincent. Preliminary results obtained from the final implementation (through pre- and post-test knowledge quizzes) for both student and adult participants provide indications that a video game of this style may be effective in improving a learner's knowledge. Both groups of participants demonstrated a post-test increase in their knowledge quiz score of 9.3 % for adults and 8.3 % for students and, when plotted as learning gains (Hake, 1998), show similar overall improvements (0.11 for adults and 0.09 for students). These preliminary findings may provide a sound foundation for the increased integration of emerging technologies within traditional education sessions. This paper also shares some of the challenges and lessons learnt throughout the development and testing processes and provides recommendations for researchers looking to pursue a similar study.
An insight into pre-Columbian raised fields: the case of San Borja, Bolivian lowlands
Authors: Rodrigues Leonor , Lombardo Umberto , Trauerstein Mareike , Huber Perrine , Mohr Sandra , Veit Heinz 
Published: July 2016

Abstract. Pre-Columbian raised field agriculture in the tropical lowlands of South America has received increasing attention and been the focus of heated debates regarding its function, productivity, and role in the development of pre-Columbian societies. Even though raised fields are all associated to permanent or semi-permanent high water levels, they occur in different environmental contexts. Very few field-based studies on raised fields have been carried out in the tropical lowlands and little is known about their use and past management. Based on topographic surveying and mapping, soil physical and chemical analysis and OSL and radiocarbon dating, this paper provides insight into the morphology, functioning and time frame of the use of raised fields in the south-western Llanos de Moxos, Bolivian Amazon. We have studied raised fields of different sizes that were built in an area near the town of San Borja, with a complex fluvial history. The results show that differences in field size and height are the result of an adaptation to a site where soil properties vary significantly on a scale of tens to hundreds of metres. The analysis and dating of the raised fields sediments point towards an extensive and rather brief use of the raised fields, for about 100–200 years at the beginning of the 2nd millennium.
Investigador novel: estrategias y herramientas en el mundo conectado
Authors: González Calatayud Víctor , Román García María del Mar 
Published: July 2016

<p>El momento en el que un estudiante comienza con el proceso investigador, ya sea en un trabajo fin de master o una tesis, se encuentra en muchas ocasiones desbordado por la gran cantidad de cosas nuevas que debe manejar en poco tiempo. Para ese proceso existen una serie de herramientas que nos permiten regular todo el proceso, en lo que se ha denominado como <em>investigación aumentada</em>. De este modo, nos encontramos con herramientas que nos van a permitir realizar una buena búsqueda de información en las bases de datos. Después tendremos herramientas para gestionar esa cantidad ingente de información, la cual es abrumadora. Además, nos encontramos con programas estadísticos -tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos- que van a hacer del proceso de análisis de datos algo bastante sencillo. Estos programas tendremos que escogerlos según nuestros intereses. Por último, tendremos que decidir donde publicar nuestra investigación, y para ellos debemos escoger a la revista más adecuada en los listados de revistas con factor de impacto. De todos modos, debemos ser conscientes de que la falta de información y formación con respecto a todas estas herramientas es muy grande, y las instituciones implicadas en la formación de los futuros investigadores debería de poner remedio a esta situación. </p>
Closed‐flow column experiments: A numerical sensitivity analysis of reactive transport and parameter uncertainty
Authors: Ritschel Thomas , Totsche Kai Uwe 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe identification of transport parameters by inverse modeling often suffers from equifinality or parameter correlation when models are fitted to measurements of the solute breakthrough in column outflow experiments. This parameter uncertainty can be approached by performing multiple experiments with different sets of boundary conditions, each provoking observations that are uniquely attributable to the respective transport processes. A promising approach to further increase the information potential of the experimental outcome is the closed‐flow column design. It is characterized by the recirculation of the column effluent into the solution supply vessel that feeds the inflow, which results in a damped sinusoidal oscillation in the breakthrough curve. In order to reveal the potential application of closed‐flow experiments, we present a comprehensive sensitivity analysis using common models for adsorption and degradation. We show that the sensitivity of inverse parameter determination with respect to the apparent dispersion can be controlled by the experimenter. For optimal settings, a decrease in parameter uncertainty as compared to classical experiments by an order of magnitude is achieved. In addition, we show a reduced equifinality between rate‐limited interactions and apparent dispersion. Furthermore, we illustrate the expected breakthrough curve for equilibrium and nonequilibrium adsorption, the latter showing strong similarities to the behavior found for completely mixed batch reactor experiments. Finally, breakthrough data from a reactive tracer experiment is evaluated using the proposed framework with excellent agreement of model and experimental results.
The impact of gravity waves and cloud nucleation threshold on stratospheric water and tropical tropospheric cloud fraction
Authors: Schoeberl Mark , Dessler Andrew , Ye Hao , Wang Tao , Avery Melody , Jensen Eric 
Published: July 2016

AbstractUsing the Modern Era Retrospective‐Analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA) and MERRA‐2 reanalysis winds, temperatures, and anvil cloud ice, we explore the impact of varying the cloud nucleation threshold relative humidity (RH) and high‐frequency gravity waves on stratospheric water vapor (H2O) and upper tropical tropopause cloud fraction (TCF). Our model results are compared to 2008/2009 winter TCF derived from Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization and H2O observations from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS). The RH threshold affects both model H2O and TCF, while high‐frequency gravity waves mostly impact TCF. Adjusting the nucleation RH and the amplitude of high‐frequency gravity waves allows us to tune the model to observations. Reasonable observational agreement is obtained with a nucleation threshold between 130% and 150% RH consistent with airborne observations. For the MERRA reanalysis, we lower the tropopause temperature by 0.5 K roughly consistent with GPS radio occultation measurements and include ~0.1 K high‐frequency gravity wave temperature oscillations in order to match TCF and H2O observations. For MERRA‐2 we do not need to adjust the tropopause temperature nor add gravity waves, because there are sufficient high‐frequency temperature oscillations already present in the MERRA‐2 reanalysis to reproduce the observed TCF.
The profile of the rare earth elements in the Canada Basin, Arctic Ocean
Authors: Yang Jon , Haley Brian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe analyzed the dissolved rare earth element (REE) content of three water column profiles (two shelf sites and one deep basin site) in the Canada Basin in order to better constrain the behavior of REEs in the Arctic Ocean. Dissolved concentrations of the REEs in the surface are 1.3–1.9 times higher than deep water (>500 m) concentrations, which are constant with depth (La: 19–23 pM, Nd: 14–17 pM, Yb: 4.0–4.3 pM). The dominant source of REEs to the surface waters of the Canada Basin is most likely Pacific water flowing through the Bering Strait and Chukchi Sea and/or the Mackenzie River. Dissolved REEs in the intermediate and deep waters are constant and appear to behave conservatively, allowing us to investigate this aspect of REE behavior in the oceans. Calculated deep ocean residence times of the REEs in the Canada Basin range from 450 to 700 years and match the age of these waters. We postulate that these values are likely applicable to global deep ocean reservoirs and that observed deviations from this conservative value can help to constrain nonconservative processes acting on the REEs.
The interplay between assumed morphology and the direct radiative effect of light‐absorbing organic aerosol
Authors: Saleh Rawad , Adams Peter J. , Donahue Neil M. , Robinson Allen L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractMie theory is widely employed in aerosol top‐of‐the‐atmosphere direct radiative effect (DRE) calculations and to retrieve the absorptivity of light‐absorbing organic aerosol (OA) from measurements. However, when OA is internally mixed with black carbon, it may exhibit complex morphologies whose optical behavior is imperfectly predicted by Mie theory, introducing bias in the retrieved absorptivities. We performed numerical experiments and global radiative transfer modeling (RTM) to investigate the effect of this bias on the calculated absorption and thus the DRE. We show that using true OA absorptivity, retrieved with a realistic representation of the complex morphology, leads to significant errors in DRE when the RTM employs the simplified Mie theory. On the other hand, when Mie theory is consistently applied in both OA absorptivity retrieval and the RTM, the errors largely cancel out, yielding accurate DRE. As long as global RTMs use Mie theory, they should implement parametrizations of light‐absorbing OA derived from retrievals based on Mie theory.
InSAR observations of strain accumulation and fault creep along the Chaman Fault system, Pakistan and Afghanistan
Authors: Fattahi Heresh , Amelung Falk 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe use 2004–2011 Envisat synthetic aperture radar imagery and InSAR time series methods to estimate the contemporary rates of strain accumulation in the Chaman Fault system in Pakistan and Afghanistan. At 29 N we find long‐term slip rates of 16 ± 2.3 mm/yr for the Ghazaband Fault and of 8 ± 3.1 mm/yr for the Chaman Fault. This makes the Ghazaband Fault one of the most hazardous faults of the plate boundary zone. We further identify a 340 km long segment displaying aseismic surface creep along the Chaman Fault, with maximum surface creep rate of 8.1 ± 2 mm/yr. The observation that the Chaman Fault accommodates only 30% of the relative plate motion between India and Eurasia implies that the remainder is accommodated south and east of the Katawaz block microplate.
A 2‐D tomographic model of the Juan de Fuca plate from accretion at axial seamount to subduction at the Cascadia margin from an active source ocean bottom seismometer survey
Authors: Horning G. , Canales J. P. , Carbotte S. M. , Han S. , Carton H. , Nedimović M. R. , van Keken P. E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe report results from a wide‐angle controlled source seismic experiment across the Juan de Fuca plate designed to investigate the evolution of the plate from accretion at the Juan de Fuca ridge to subduction at the Cascadia margin. A two‐dimensional velocity model of the crust and upper mantle is derived from a joint reflection‐refraction traveltime inversion. To interpret our tomography results, we first generate a plausible baseline velocity model, assuming a plate cooling model and realistic oceanic lithologies. We then use an effective medium theory to infer from our tomography results the extent of porosity, alteration, and water content that would be required to explain the departure from the baseline model. In crust of ages >1 Ma and away from propagator wakes and regions of faulting due to plate bending, we obtain estimates of upper crustal hydration of 0.5–2.1 wt % and find mostly dry lower crust and upper mantle. In sections of the crust affected by propagator wakes we find upper estimates of upper crustal, lower crustal, and upper mantle hydration of 3.1, 0.8, and 1.8 wt %, respectively. At the Cascadia deformation front, we find that the amount of water stored at uppermost mantle levels in the downgoing JdF plate is very limited (<0.3 wt %), with most of the water carried into the subduction zone being stored in the oceanic crust.
Identification of temporal consistency in rating curve data: Bidirectional Reach (BReach)
Authors: Van Eerdenbrugh Katrien , Van Hoey Stijn , Verhoest Niko E. C. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this paper, a methodology is developed to identify consistency of rating curve data based on a quality analysis of model results. This methodology, called Bidirectional Reach (BReach), evaluates results of a rating curve model with randomly sampled parameter sets in each observation. The combination of a parameter set and an observation is classified as nonacceptable if the deviation between the accompanying model result and the measurement exceeds observational uncertainty. Based on this classification, conditions for satisfactory behavior of a model in a sequence of observations are defined. Subsequently, a parameter set is evaluated in a data point by assessing the span for which it behaves satisfactory in the direction of the previous (or following) chronologically sorted observations. This is repeated for all sampled parameter sets and results are aggregated by indicating the endpoint of the largest span, called the maximum left (right) reach. This temporal reach should not be confused with a spatial reach (indicating a part of a river). The same procedure is followed for each data point and for different definitions of satisfactory behavior. Results of this analysis enable the detection of changes in data consistency. The methodology is validated with observed data and various synthetic stage‐discharge data sets and proves to be a robust technique to investigate temporal consistency of rating curve data. It provides satisfying results despite of low data availability, errors in the estimated observational uncertainty, and a rating curve model that is known to cover only a limited part of the observations.
Silver‐Mediated Phosphonylation of C(sp2)−H Bonds with P−H Bonds: Direct C−H Functionalization of Ferrocenyl Anilides and Dialkyl Phosphites under Palladium‐ and Copper‐Free Conditions
Authors: Yu Xiaoli , Ge Bingyang , Zhang Yaxuan , Wang Xiaoli , Wang Dawei 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA direct, silver‐mediated C−H phosphonylation reaction of ferrocenyl anilides and dialkyl phosphites was developed. This methodology can tolerate a variety of functional groups and is free of palladium and copper. Moreover, mechanistic studies have revealed that the reaction pathway is of a radical type.
The Interplay Between Conformation and Absolute Configuration in Chiral Electron Dynamics of Small Diols
Authors: Daly Steven , Tia Maurice , Garcia Gustavo A. , Nahon Laurent , Powis Ivan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractA competition between chiral characteristics alternatively attributable to either conformation or to absolute configuration is identified. Circular dichroism associated with photoexcitation of the outer orbital of configurational enantiomers of 1,3‐ and 2,3‐butanediols has been examined with a focus on the large changes in electron chiral asymmetry produced by different molecular conformations. Experimental gas‐phase measurements offer support for the theoretical modeling of this chiroptical effect. A surprising prediction is that a conformationally produced pseudo‐enantiomerism in 1,3‐butanediol generates a chiral response in the frontier electron dynamics that outweighs the influence of the permanent configurational handedness established at the asymmetrically substituted carbon. Induced conformation, and specifically induced conformational chirality, may thus be a dominating factor in chiral molecular recognition in such systems.