bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Some uncertainty results obtained by the statistical version of the KARATE code system related to core design and safety analysis
Authors: Panka I. , Hegyi Gy. , Maráczy Cs. , Temesvári E. 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The best-estimate KARATE code system has been widely used for core design calculations and simulations of slow transients of VVER reactors. Recently there has been an increasing need for assessing the uncertainties of such calculations by propagating the basic input uncertainties of the models through the full calculation chain. In order to determine the uncertainties of quantities of interest during the burnup, the statistical version of the KARATE code system has been elaborated. In the first part of the paper, the main features of the new code system are discussed. The applied statistical method is based on Monte-Carlo sampling of the considered input data taking into account mainly the covariance matrices of the cross sections and/or the technological uncertainties. In the second part of the paper, only the uncertainties of cross sections are considered and an equilibrium cycle related to a VVER-440 type reactor is investigated. The burnup dependence of the uncertainties of some safety related parameters (e.g. critical boron concentration, rod worth, feedback coefficients, assembly-wise radial power and burnup distribution) are discussed and compared to the recently used limits.
Modelling Human Resource Requirements for the Nuclear Industry in Europe
Authors: Roelofs F. , Flore M. , Estorff U. von 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
The European Human Resource Observatory for Nuclear (EHRO-N) provides the European Commission with essential data related to supply and demand for nuclear experts in the EU-28 and the enlargement and integration countries based on bottom-up information from the nuclear industry. The objective is to assess how the supply of experts for the nuclear industry responds to the needs for the same experts for present and future nuclear projects in the region. Complementary to the bottom-up approach taken by the EHRO-N team at JRC, a top-down modelling approach has been taken in a collaboration with NRG in the Netherlands. This top-down modelling approach focuses on the human resource requirements for operation, construction, decommissioning, and efforts for long term operation of nuclear power plants. This paper describes the top-down methodology, the model input, the main assumptions, and the results of the analyses.
Corticospinal tract atrophy and motor fMRI predict motor preservation after functional cerebral hemispherectomy
Authors: Wang Anthony C. , Ibrahim George M. , Poliakov Andrew V. , Wang Page I. , Fallah Aria , Mathern Gary W. , Buckley Robert T. , Collins Kelly , Weil Alexander G. , Shurtleff Hillary A. , Warner Molly H. , Perez Francisco A. , Shaw Dennis W. , Wright Jason N. , Saneto Russell P. , Novotny Edward J. , Lee Amy , Browd Samuel R. , Ojemann Jeffrey G. 
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVEThe potential loss of motor function after cerebral hemispherectomy is a common cause of anguish for patients, their families, and their physicians. The deficits these patients face are individually unique, but as a whole they provide a framework to understand the mechanisms underlying cortical reorganization of motor function. This study investigated whether preoperative functional MRI (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could predict the postoperative preservation of hand motor function.METHODSThirteen independent reviewers analyzed sensorimotor fMRI and colored fractional anisotropy (CoFA)–DTI maps in 25 patients undergoing functional hemispherectomy for treatment of intractable seizures. Pre- and postoperative gross hand motor function were categorized and correlated with fMRI and DTI findings, specifically, abnormally located motor activation on fMRI and corticospinal tract atrophy on DTI.RESULTSNormal sensorimotor cortical activation on preoperative fMRI was significantly associated with severe decline in postoperative motor function, demonstrating 92.9% sensitivity (95% CI 0.661–0.998) and 100% specificity (95% CI 0.715–1.00). Bilaterally robust, symmetric corticospinal tracts on CoFA-DTI maps were significantly associated with severe postoperative motor decline, demonstrating 85.7% sensitivity (95% CI 0.572–0.982) and 100% specificity (95% CI 0.715–1.00). Interpreting the fMR images, the reviewers achieved a Fleiss’ kappa coefficient (κ) for interrater agreement of κ = 0.69, indicating good agreement (p < 0.01). When interpreting the CoFA-DTI maps, the reviewers achieved κ = 0.64, again indicating good agreement (p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSFunctional hemispherectomy offers a high potential for seizure freedom without debilitating functional deficits in certain instances. Patients likely to retain preoperative motor function can be identified prior to hemispherectomy, where fMRI or DTI suggests that cortical reorganization of motor function has occurred prior to the operation.
Mass balance of the Antarctic ice sheet at Patriot Hills
Authors: Casassa Gino , Brecher Henry H. , Cárdenas Carlos , Rivera Andrés 
Published: November 2017

Glaciological data collected at Patriot Hills, Antarctica (80°18'S, 81°22'W),
are used to assess the local mass balance of the ice sheet. The data were
collected during two field campaigns conducted by the Instituto Antartico Chileno
in January and November 1995. Measurements included surveying of stakes, and ice
thickness derived from discrete radar soundings with a ground-based high-frequency
impulse system.
Ablation occurred on the bare-ice field at the base of Patriot Hills, with a
maximum value of 7g cm −2a−1. Net
accumulation was detected away from the mountains, over the firn-covered area of
the glacier, with a maximum rate of 10 g cm 2
a−1 Ice thickens rapidly away from the mountains, reaching
a thickness of 383 m, the maximum range of the radar system, near the center of
the blue-ice field. No significant difference in surface elevation of the ice was
detected over the 305 d period, which indicates that the ice is in
near-equilibrium at Patriot Hills.
Sensitivity of the divide position at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, to boundary
forcing
Authors: Nereson N. A. , Hindmarsh R. C. A. , Raymond C. F. 
Published: November 2017

A linearized perturbation about a two-dimensional Vialov-Nyc ice-shect
profile is used to investigate the sensitivity of the divide position at Siple
Dome, West Antarctica, to small changes in the accumulation pattern and in the
elevation of its lateral boundaries at the margins of Ice Streams C and D.
Relaxation time-scales for the ice-sheet surface and divide position are derived
from the perturbation theory. For Siple Dome, these time-scales are short: 450 800
years for surface adjustment, and 200-350 years for divide position adjustment.
These short time-scales indicate that Siple Dome responds quickly to forcing at
its boundaries. Therefore, the recent migration of the Siple Dome divide
(determined from previous work) is probably a response to an ongoing, sustained
forcing rather than a response to a long-past climate event such as the transition
from the Last Glacial Maximum to the Holocene.
Based on our analysis, the inferred rate of migration of the Siple Dome
divide could be attained by: (1) a steady increase in the south north spatial
accumulation gradient of 0.1-1.5 × 10−9 a
−2, or (2) a steady increase (decrease) in elevation of
the Siple Dome lateral boundary adjacent to a relict margin of Ice Stream D (Ice
Stream C) of 0.005-0.040 m a−1 over the past several thousand
years. The required forcing is quite small, and suggests that major changes in the
configuration of Ice Streams C and D associated with major changes in the
elevation at boundaries of Siple Dome have not occurred over the past several
thousand years.
Large spatial variation in accumulation rate in Jutulstraumen ice stream,
Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica
Authors: Melvold Kjetil , Hagen Jon Ove , Pinglot Jean Francis , Gunuestrup Niels 
Published: November 2017

A mass-balance programme was initiated on Jutulstraumen ice stream, western
Dronning Maud Land,Antarctica, during the austral summer 1992-93. As a part of the
mass-balance programme, accumulation rate was measured along the centre line of
Jutulstraumen from the shelf edge up to the plateau at about 2500 m
a.s.l.
Accumulation distribution obtained from seven shallow firn cores and 48 slake
readings is presented. The overall net accumulation trend displays a decreasing
accumulation with increasing elevation and distance to coast, but on both the
mesoscale and microscale there are significant variations. This is due to complex
patterns of precipitation controlled by orography and redistribution by katabatic
winds. The local accumulation distribution (few km scale) was found to be
dependent on downslope surface gradient (aspect north, northwest), and variations
up to 100% were found over distances of less than 3 km. The large variation in
accumulation is important when selecting new core sites and for interpretation of
temporal and spatial variations in accumulation derived from firn cores.
Analysis of coastal change in Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land, West
Antarctica, using Landsat imagery
Authors: Ferrigno Jane G. , Williams Richard S. , Rosanova Christine E. , Lucchitta Baerbel K. , Swithinbank Charles 
Published: November 2017

The U.S. Geological Survey is using Landsat imagery from the early 1970s and
mid- to late 1980s/early 1990s to analyze glaciological features, compile a
glacier inventory, measure surface velocities of outlet glaciers, ice streams and
ice shelves, determine coastline change and calculate the area and volume of
iceberg calving in Antarctica.
Ice-surface velocities in Marie Byrd and Ellsworth Lands, West Antarctica,
range from the fast-moving Thwaites, Pine Island, Land and DeVicq Glaciers to the
slower-moving ice shelves. The average ice-front velocity during the time interval
of Landsat imagery, for the faster-moving outlet glaciers, was 2.9 km
a-1 for Thwaites Glacier, 2.4 km a-1
for Pine Island Glacier, 2.0 km a-1 for Land Glacier and 1.4
km a-1 for DeVicq Glacier.
Evaluation of coastal change from the early 1970s to the early 1990s shows
advance of the floating ice front in some coastal areas and recession in others,
with an overall small average advance in the entire coastal study area, but no
major trend towards advance or retreat. Comparison of average ice-surface
velocities with changes in the ice front has yielded estimates of iceberg calving.
The total iceberg calving from the Marie Byrd Land and Ellsworth Land coasts
during the study period was greater than 8500 km2 (estimated
volume of about 2400 km-3) or an average of about 550
km3 a-1 (more than 150
km2 a-1). Almost 70% of this
discharge is contributed by Thwaites and Pine Island Glaciers.
Atmospheric drag coefficients of Weddell Sea ice computed from roughness
profiles
Authors: Fisher R. , Lytle Victoria I. 
Published: November 2017

Sea ice is a highly mobile component of the Antarctic environment. Its
velocity and deformation are critical processes, important in global climate
models. These variables are determined by the balance of atmospheric and oceanic
forces on each ice Hoe and variations in these forcings, and can produce regions
ofdivcrgence or convergence. Surface drag coefficients relate the forces due to
wind or water to the stress applied to the ice floe. This study adds to the
limited drag coefficients reported previously for Antarctic data.
Surface elevation profiles were collected during two ship-based voyages to
the Weddell Sea in 1992 and 1994, and were also recorded on Ice Station Weddell in
1992. These data are used to derive surface drag coefficients using an empirical
formulation following Banke and others (1980). The eastern and western regions of
the Weddell Sea contain primarily first- and second-year ice, respectively.
Despite these different ice types, the drag coefficients calculated are similar.
The difieren! ice-drifl/wind-speed ratio in the two regions suggests a difference
in ocean currents, internal ice stress or water drag. The drag coefficients
calculated ranged between 1.2 X 10 −3 and 2.2 X 10
−3 The results compare well with other published Antarctic
coefficients, and are generally smaller than those reported for the
Arctic.
Seasonal variations of cloud and precipitation at Syowa station,
Antarctica
Authors: Konishi Htroyuki , Wada Makoto , Endoh Tatsuo 
Published: November 2017

Long-term observatinns of precipitating clouds were carried out by a vertical
pointing radar and plan-position indicator PPI) radar at Syowa station (69.0°S,
40.5°E), Antarctica, in 1989. The observations revealed that there were three
abundant snowfall seasons at Syowa station and the amount of snowfall was uniform
in all seasons except summer. The amounts of precipitation in autumn, winter and
spring were 74, 74 and 53 mm (liquid water equivalent), respectively. The amounts
of precipitation in autumn and winter were large at Syowa station in 1989.
However, the amount of precipitation on the inland ice is expected to be small in
winter, indicated by the distributions of precipitation measured by the PPI
radar.
The occurrence frequencies of cloud vortices which brought snowfall to Syowa
station increased in the autumn and spring seasons, corresponding to the activity
of the circumpolar trough. However, the activities ofcloud systems that bring
precipitation weaken in Spring when the sea-ice area expands to low latitudes,
because of a lower supply of heat and vapor. Thus the activities of cloud vortices
are also weakened above the sea ice.
Re-examining the Antarctic Paradox: speculation on the Southern Ocean as a
nutrient-limited system
Authors: Priddle Julian , Nedwell David B. , Whitehouse Michael J. , Reay David S. , Savidge Graham , Gilpin Linda C. , Murphy Eugene J. , Ellis-Evans J. Cynan 
Published: November 2017

The Southern Ocean is the largest of the high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll
(HNLC) regions of the world ocean. Phytoplankton production fails to utilise
completely the pool of inorganic nutrients in the euphotic zone, giving rise to
low phytoplankton bio-mass and leaving relatively high summer nutrient
concentrations. This enigma is of considerable significance for our understanding
of the role of the oceans in the global carbon cycle. Various limiting factors
have been considered: low light, low temperature, absence of necessary trace
elements, grazing pressure and other means of biomass removal.
The dynamics of nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton are of particular
importance. Classically, nitrate mixed into the surface layer during winter
provides the nitrogen pool for growth in the spring bloom. Some organic material
is exported to depth, whilst the remainder is recycled, providing ammonium and
other reduced species as nitrogenous substrates for growth during the remainder of
the season. The oxidation state of the inorganic nitrogen supply thus identifies
new and recycled carbon fixation. Whilst this is convenient “shorthand” for the
nitrogen nutrition of carbon export in much of the ocean, it is an inappropriate
model for the Southern Ocean. Here, nitrate and ammonium use are simultaneous, and
nitrate is never exhausted by the annual phytoplankton production.
We speculate that a range of environmental factors combine to make the large
pool of nitrate partially inaccessible to phytoplankton. in addition to the
documented effects of low iron availability and high ammonium concentrations, the
low temperatures characteristic of the Southern Ocean may decrease nitrate
availability because of the increased energetic overheads in its uptake and
reduction. This in turn makes ammonium an important nitrogenous substrate, and its
production by zooplankton and heterotrophic microorganisms is an important
component of the plankton nitrogen cycle. There is some evidence that ammonium
production by large grazing animals may stimulate phytoplankton growth. Microbial
removal of nitrogen from sedimenting phytoplankton cells may result in local
decoupling between the carbon and nitrogen cycles, allowing some reduced nitrogen
to remain in the euphotic zone whilst carbon is exported to depth.
Near-coastal iceberg distributions in East Antarctica, 50-145° E
Authors: Young N.W. , Turner D. , Hyland G. , Williams R. N. 
Published: November 2017

A survey of icebergs using satellite radar images has been made in the
seasonal sea-ice zone of East Antarctica in the .sector between longitudes 50° and
145° E. These data provide information on the spatial distribution and size
statistics of icebergs near the coast in areas not often visited by shipboard
observers, and close to their sources at ice shelves and glacier tongues. The
icebergs are detected and their dimensions extracted by analysis of the texture
properties present in satellite images acquired with ERS-1 synthetic aperture
radar during the austral winter. The minimum size of iceberg reliably detected and
measured is 0.06 km2.
A significant variation, by up to a factor of two, is found in the area of
icebergs close to different sections of the coast, which suggests a characteristic
size for different sources. The average value of the length-to-width ratio for
icebergs in the whole population shows some variability with size. The probability
of finding icebergs is greatest close to the coast, decreasing in general with
distance from the coast, such that few icebergs were detected more than 160 km
from the coast. in one sector about 85° E, icebergs are found to at least 550 km
from the coast, which is consistent with the transport of icebergs northwards in
this region by a branch of the westward-heading near-coastal current (East Wind
Drift) which connects with the southern margins of the eastward-heading Antarctic
Circumpolar Current.
Driving a high-resolution dynamic ice-sheet model with GCM
climate: ice-sheet initiation at 116 000 BP
Authors: Pollard David , Thompson Starley L. 
Published: November 2017

AbstractMost dynamic ice-sheet studies currently use either empirically based
parameterizations or simple energy-balance climate models for the surface
mass-balance forcing. If three-dimensional global climate models (GCMs)
could be used instead, they would greatly improve the potential realism of
coupled climate ice-sheet simulations. However, there are two serious
problems in simulating realistic mass balances on ice sheets from GCM
simulations: (i) dynamic ice-sheet models and the underlying bedrock
topography need horizontal resolution of 50–100 km or less, but the finest
practical resolution of atmospheric GCMs is currently ˜250 km, and (ii) GCM
surface physics usually neglects the local refreezing of meltwater on ice
sheets.Two techniques are described that address these problems: an elevation
correction applied to the atmospheric GCM fields interpolated to the
ice-sheet grid, and a refreezing correction involving the annual totals of
snowfall, rainfall and local melt at each grid-point. As an example of their
use, we have used the GENESIS version 2 GCM at 3.75° × 3.75° resolution to
simulate the climate at the end of the last interglaciation at ˜116 000
years ago. The atmospheric climate is then used to drive a standard
two-dimensional dynamic ice-sheet model for 10 000 years on a 0.5° × 0.5°
grid spanning northern North America. The model successfully predicts
ice-sheet initiation over the Baffin Island highlands and the Canadian
Archipelago, but at a slower rate than observed. A large ice sheet nucleates
and grows rapidly over the northwestern Rockies, in conflict with geologic
evidence. Possible reasons for these discrepancies are discussed.
Extremely Bright GRB 160625B with Multiple Emission Episodes: Evidence for Long-term Ejecta Evolution
Authors: Lü Hou-Jun , Lü Jing , Zhong Shu-Qing , Huang Xiao-Li , Zhang Hai-Ming , Lan Lin , Xie Wei , Lu Rui-Jing , Liang En-Wei 
Published: November 2017

Abstract
GRB 160625B is an extremely bright GRB with three distinct emission episodes. By analyzing its data observed with the Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) and Large Area Telescope (LAT) on board the Fermi mission, we find that a multicolor blackbody (mBB) model can be used to fit very well the spectra of the initial short episode (Episode I) within the hypothesis of photosphere emission of a fireball model. The time-resolved spectra of its main episode (Episode II), which was detected with both GBM and LAT after a long quiescent stage (∼180 s) following the initial episode, can be fitted with a model comprising an mBB component plus a cutoff power-law (CPL) component. This GRB was detected again in the GBM and LAT bands with a long extended emission (Episode III) after a quiescent period of ∼300 s. The spectrum of Episode III is adequately fitted with CPL plus single power-law models, and no mBB component is required. These features may imply that the emission of the three episodes are dominated by distinct physics processes, i.e., Episode I is possible from the cocoon emission surrounding the relativistic jet, Episode II may be from photosphere emission and internal shock of the relativistic jet, and Episode III is contributed by internal and external shocks of the relativistic jet. On the other hand, both X-ray and optical afterglows are consistent with the standard external shocks model.
Evolution of Risk Factors for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Events in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Longterm Prospective Study
Authors: Tselios Konstantinos , Gladman Dafna D. , Su Jiandong , Ace Olga , Urowitz Murray B. 
Published: November 2017

Objective.We previously reported the effect of certain factors on cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 250 women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) followed for 8 years. The aim of this study was to delineate their evolution after 15 years of followup.Methods.There were 210 women with SLE and 138 age-matched healthy women available for analysis after 15 years. Cardiovascular events (CVE) included angina pectoris, myocardial infarction (fatal and nonfatal), transient ischemic attack, and stroke (fatal and nonfatal). Analysis was performed with SAS 9.3 software; p < 0.05 was considered significant.Results.CVE occurred in 41/210 patients (19.5%) and 9/138 controls (6.5%), most of them in the second part (2008–2015) of the study (24/210, 11.4% vs 17/241, 7.1% in SLE group). Coronary artery disease was more common in patients (32/210, 15.2% vs 5/138, 3.6%, p = 0.0041). There was no significant difference for cerebrovascular disease (10/210, 4.8% vs 3/138, 2.2%, p = 0.213). SLE was the most prominent CVE predictor in the first 8 years (HR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3–6.3). Hypertension and diabetes were more frequent in patients who developed CVE during the second half of the study. Thirty-one deaths occurred in patients with SLE (10 because of CVD) and 6 in controls (none because of CVD).Conclusion.The relative importance of atherosclerotic risk factors is significantly differentiated over time in SLE. Disease-related factors seem to dominate CV risk during the early stages while traditional factors, partially related to corticosteroid treatment, play a significant role later in the disease course.
Une utopie conservatrice
Authors: Ricciardi Ferruccio 
Published: November 2017

Au croisement des projets de régulation sociale portés par le corporatisme fasciste et le paternalisme industriel, le domaine de l’organisation de la production et du travail durant l’entre-deux-guerres est traversé par de nombreuses initiatives qui cherchent à instituer les normes d’une nouvelle organisation sociale. En suivant le travail pédagogique développée par trois figures emblématiques d’experts du monde des affaires italien, cet article interroge les ressorts culturels et normatifs caractérisant cette « utopie technocratique » qu’est la rationalisation industrielle. Il montre l’existence, entre les sciences du travail appliquées à l’entreprise et le fascisme, d’une convergence stratégique sur le plan des valeurs et des présupposés idéologiques au nom du contrôle des classes laborieuses.