bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Coupled Pump and Pipe System Analysis for Optimum Design of District Heating System
Authors: Jonsson Magnus Thor , Magnusdottir Lilja 
Published: October 2017

This paper describes a novel approach for optimizing a district heating distribution network under various flow rate conditions. For district heating systems, the demand or the flow and pressure at each node varies over the time of year. The flow control that affects the operational cost can be based on the variable speed and the on/off control on serial pumping or pressure controlled valves. In the pipe system design, the topology, or the pipe layout, and the pipe diameter is optimized using genetic algorithms. Standardized methods are used for calculating the pipe thickness, supports, anchors and the thermal expansion loops. The interconnection between the pipe system and the pump station design is discussed. The objective is to minimize the total or life cycle cost (capital maintenance and operational cost), subject to ensuring demands or constraints at all points. The results are compared to classical methods where the pump station and the pipe system are designed separately and the improvements are discussed.
The problem is formulated by developing an objective function where the optimization parameters define the pump arrangement, pipe system topology, and pipe diameters. The pump station and pipe system optimization consist of selecting components from a pre-defined set of elements and is implemented with discrete decision variables. Optimization of pipe elements consists of optimizing the diameter, after the topology has been defined, and is implemented with discrete variables. Flow distribution and pressure analysis is performed. Thicknesses, pressure classes, supports, expansion loops and anchors are not part of the optimization parameters, but are determined during the evaluation of the objective function. Each time the objective function is evaluated, the pipe system is designed in a sub-optimization according to given loads. The pressure head constraints are used to design the pumping curves. The method is tested on a district heating system in Reykjavik, Iceland.
Nuclear Power Plant Fires and Explosions: Part III — Hamaoka Piping Explosion
Authors: Leishear Robert A. 
Published: October 2017

An explosion that burst a steel pipe like a paper fire cracker at the Hamaoka Nuclear Power Station, Unit-1 is investigated in this paper, which is one of a series of papers investigating fires and explosions in nuclear power plants. The accumulation of flammable hydrogen and oxygen due to radiolysis has long been recognized as a potential problem in nuclear reactors, where radiolysis is the process that decomposes water into hydrogen and oxygen by radiation exposure in the reactor core. Hydrogen ignition and explosion has long been considered the cause of this Hamaoka piping explosion, but the cause of ignition was considered to be a minor fluid transient, or water hammer, that ignited flammable gasses in the piping, which was made possible by the presence of catalytic noble metals inside the piping. The theory presented here is that a much larger pressure surge occurred due to water hammer during operations. In fact, calculations presented here serve as proof of principle that this explosion mechanism may be present in many operating nuclear power plants.
Chubu Electric, the operator of the Hamaoka plant, took appropriate actions to prevent this type of explosion in their plants in the future. In fact, this accident indicates one potential preventive action from explosions for other operating plants. Ensure that a system high point is available, where mixed hydrogen and oxygen may be removed during routine operations and during off-normal accident conditions, such as nuclear reactor meltdowns and loss of coolant accidents.
Interactions of the Hindgut Mucosa-Associated Microbiome with Its Host Regulate Shedding of Escherichia coli O157:H7 by Cattle
Authors: Wang Ou , McAllister Tim A. , Plastow Graham , Stanford Kim , Selinger Brent , Guan Le Luo 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Cattle are the primary carrier of
Escherichia coli
O157:H7, a foodborne human pathogen, and those shedding >10
4
CFU/gram of feces of
E. coli
O157:H7 are defined as supershedders (SS). This study investigated the rectoanal junction (RAJ) mucosa-associated microbiota and its relationship with host gene expression in SS and in cattle from which
E. coli
O157:H7 was not detected (nonshedders [NS]), aiming to elucidate the mechanisms involved in supershedding. In total, 14 phyla, 66 families, and 101 genera of RAJ mucosa-associated bacteria were identified and
Firmicutes
(61.5 ± 7.5%),
Bacteroidetes
(27.9 ± 6.4%), and
Proteobacteria
(5.5 ± 2.1%) were the predominant phyla. Differential abundance analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified 2 OTUs unique to SS which were members of
Bacteroides
and
Clostridium
and 7 OTUs unique to NS which were members of
Coprococcus
,
Prevotella
,
Clostridium
, and
Paludibacter
. Differential abundance analysis of predicted microbial functions (using PICRUSt [phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states]) revealed that 3 pathways had higher abundance (log
2
fold change, 0.10 to 0.23) whereas 12 pathways had lower abundance (log
2
fold change, −0.36 to −0.20) in SS. In addition, we identified significant correlations between expression of 19 differentially expressed genes and the relative abundance of predicted microbial functions, including nucleic acid polymerization and carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Our findings suggest that differences in RAJ microbiota at both the compositional and functional levels may be associated with
E. coli
O157:H7 supershedding and that certain microbial groups and microbial functions may influence RAJ physiology of SS by affecting host gene expression.

IMPORTANCE
Cattle with fecal
E. coli
O157:H7 at >10
4
CFU per gram of feces have been defined as the supershedders, and they are responsible for the most of the
E. coli
O157:H7 spread into farm environment. Currently, no method is available for beef producers to eliminate shedding of
E. coli
O157:H7 in cattle, and the lack of information about the mechanisms of supershedding greatly impedes the development of effective methods. This study investigated the role of the rectoanal junction (RAJ) mucosa-associated microbiome in
E. coli
O157:H7 shedding, and our results indicated that the compositions and functions of RAJ microbiota differed between supershedders and nonshedders. The identified relationship between the differentially abundant microbes and 19 previously identified differentially expressed genes suggests the role of host-microbial interactions involved in
E. coli
O157:H7 supershedding. Our findings provide a fundamental understanding of the supershedding phenomenon which is essential for the development of strategies, such as the use of directly fed microbials, to reduce
E. coli
O157:H7 shedding in cattle.
Can Interspecies Hybrid Zygosaccharomyces rouxii Produce an Allohaploid Gamete?
Authors: Watanabe Jun , Uehara Kenji , Tsukioka Yuichiro 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

In soy sauce manufacturing,
Candida versatilis
plays a role in the production of volatile flavor compounds, such as volatile phenols, but limited accessible information on its genome has prevented further investigation regarding aroma production and breeding. Although the draft genome sequence data of two strains of
C. versatilis
have recently been reported, these strains are not similar to each other. Here, we reassess the draft genome sequence data for strain t-1, which was originally reported to be
C. versatilis
, and conclude that strain t-1 is most probably not
C. versatilis
but a gamete of hybrid
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
. Phylogenetic analysis of the D1/D2 region of the 26S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) sequence indicated that strain t-1 is more similar to the genus
Zygosaccharomyces
than to
C. versatilis
. Moreover, we found that the genome of strain t-1 is composed of haploid genome content and divided into two regions that show approximately 100% identity with the T or P subgenome derived from the natural hybrid
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
, such as NBRC110957 and NBRC1876. We also found a chromosome crossing-over signature in the scaffolds of strain t-1. These results suggest that strain t-1 is a gamete of the hybrid
Z. rouxii
, generated by either meiosis or chromosome loss following reciprocal translocation between the T and P subgenomes. Although it is unclear why strain t-1 was misidentified as
C. versatilis
, the genome of strain t-1 has broad implications for considering the evolutionary fate of an allodiploid.

IMPORTANCE
In yeast, crossing between different species sometimes leads to interspecies hybrids. The hybrid generally cannot produce viable spores because dissimilarity of parental genomes prevents normal chromosome segregation during meiotic division, leading to a dead end. Thus, only a few natural cases of homoploid hybrid speciation, which requires mating between 1n gametes of hybrids, have been described. However, a recent study provided strong evidence that homoploid hybrid speciation is initiated in natural populations of the budding yeast, suggesting the potential presence of viable 1n gametes of hybrids. The significance of our study is finding that the strain t-1, which had been misidentified as
Candida versatilis
, is a viable 1n gamete derived from hybrid
Zygosaccharomyces rouxii
.
Compartmentalization of the Carbaryl Degradation Pathway: Molecular Characterization of Inducible Periplasmic Carbaryl Hydrolase from Pseudomonas spp
Authors: Kamini  , Shetty Dasvit , Trivedi Vikas D. , Varunjikar Madhushri , Phale Prashant S. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Pseudomonas
sp. strains C5pp and C7 degrade carbaryl as the sole carbon source. Carbaryl hydrolase (CH) catalyzes the hydrolysis of carbaryl to 1-naphthol and methylamine. Bioinformatic analysis of
mcbA
, encoding CH, in C5pp predicted it to have a transmembrane domain (Tmd) and a signal peptide (Sp). In these isolates, the activity of CH was found to be 4- to 6-fold higher in the periplasm than in the cytoplasm. The recombinant CH (rCH) showed 4-fold-higher activity in the periplasm of
Escherichia coli
. The deletion of Tmd showed activity in the cytoplasmic fraction, while deletion of both Tmd and Sp (Tmd+Sp) resulted in expression of the inactive protein. Confocal microscopic analysis of
E. coli
expressing a (Tmd+Sp)-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein revealed the localization of GFP into the periplasm. Altogether, these results indicate that Tmd probably helps in anchoring of polypeptide to the inner membrane, while Sp assists folding and release of CH in the periplasm. The N-terminal sequence of the mature periplasmic CH confirms the absence of the Tmd+Sp region and confirms the signal peptidase cleavage site as Ala-Leu-Ala. CH purified from strains C5pp, C7, and rCHΔ(Tmd)a were found to be monomeric with molecular mass of ∼68 to 76 kDa and to catalyze hydrolysis of the ester bond with an apparent

K
m

and
V
max
in the range of 98 to 111 μM and 69 to 73 μmol · min
−1
· mg
−1
, respectively. The presence of low-affinity CH in the periplasm and 1-naphthol-metabolizing enzymes in the cytoplasm of
Pseudomonas
spp. suggests the compartmentalization of the metabolic pathway as a strategy for efficient degradation of carbaryl at higher concentrations without cellular toxicity of 1-naphthol.

IMPORTANCE
Proteins in the periplasmic space of bacteria play an important role in various cellular processes, such as solute transport, nutrient binding, antibiotic resistance, substrate hydrolysis, and detoxification of xenobiotics. Carbaryl is one of the most widely used carbamate pesticides. Carbaryl hydrolase (CH), the first enzyme of the degradation pathway which converts carbaryl to 1-naphthol, was found to be localized in the periplasm of
Pseudomonas
spp. Predicted transmembrane domain and signal peptide sequences of
Pseudomonas
were found to be functional in
Escherichia coli
and to translocate CH and GFP into the periplasm. The localization of low-affinity CH into the periplasm indicates controlled formation of toxic and recalcitrant 1-naphthol, thus minimizing its accumulation and interaction with various cellular components and thereby reducing the cellular toxicity. This study highlights the significance of compartmentalization of metabolic pathway enzymes for efficient removal of toxic compounds.
Complete Genome Sequence of Mesorhizobium sophorae ICMP 19535
T
, a Highly Specific, Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiont of New Zealand Endemic
Sophora
spp
Authors: De Meyer Sofie E. , Nguyen Dung Tuan , Wang Penghao , Andrews Mitchell 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

We report here the complete genome sequence of
Mesorhizobium sophorae
ICMP 19535
T
. This strain was isolated from
Sophora microphylla
root nodules and can nodulate and fix nitrogen with this host and also with
Sophora prostrata
,
Sophora longicarinata
, and
Clianthus puniceus
. The genome consists of 8.05 Mb.
Complete Genome Sequence of the Temperate Klebsiella pneumoniae Phage KPP5665-2
Authors: Carl Gaby , Jäckel Claudia , Grützke Josephine , Hertwig Stefan , Grobbel Mirjam , Malorny Burkhard , Rau Jörg , Käsbohrer Annemarie , Hammerl Jens A. 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

We describe here the genome sequence of the novel temperate
Klebsiella pneumoniae
phage KPP5665-2 isolated from a
Klebsiella pneumoniae
strain recovered from milk in Germany in 2016. The phage exhibited a narrow host range and a siphoviridal morphology. KPP5665-2-related prophage sequences were detected in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of various
Klebsiella
species isolates.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus subtilis Strain CGMCC 12426, an Efficient Poly-γ-Glutamate Producer
Authors: Dong Hui , Chang Jinglin , He Xin , Hou Qinlian , Long Wei 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacillus subtilis
CGMCC 12426 is an efficient producer of poly-γ-glutamate with regular stereochemistry. Here, the complete genome sequence of
B. subtilis
CGMCC 12426 is presented, which may facilitate the design of rational strategies for further strain improvements with industrial potential.
Draft Genome Sequence of Rhizoctonia solani Anastomosis Group 1 Subgroup 1A Strain 1802/KB Isolated from Rice
Authors: Nadarajah Kalaivani , Mat Razali Nurhani , Cheah Boon Huat , Sahruna Nur Syafiqah , Ismail Ismanizan , Tathode Madhura , Bankar Kiran 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Sheath blight, caused by
Rhizoctonia solani
anastomosis group 1 subgroup 1A (AG1-1A), is one of the most devastating rice diseases worldwide. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
R. solani
AG1-1A strain 1802/KB isolated from a popular Malaysian rice variety. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second reported representative genome from AG1-1A.
Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus paralicheniformis 14DA11, Exhibiting Resistance to Clindamycin and Erythromycin
Authors: Lee Jong-Hoon , Jeong Do-Won 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Bacillus paralicheniformis
14DA11, exhibiting resistance to clindamycin and erythromycin, was isolated from a Korean fermented soybean food product. The complete genome of strain 14DA11 includes genes that potentially contribute to the antibiotic resistance.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Fruiting Myxobacterium Nannocystis exedens DSM 71
Authors: Treuner-Lange Anke , Bruckskotten Marc , Rupp Oliver , Goesmann Alexander , Søgaard-Andersen Lotte 
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

In response to starvation, members of the order
Myxococcales
form morphologically very different fruiting bodies. To determine whether fruiting myxobacteria share a common genetic program that leads to fruiting body formation, we sequenced and assembled the genome of
Nannocystis exedens
DSM 71 as two contigs with a total GC content of 72%.
Is Laser Acupuncture An Effective Complementary Therapy for Obesity Management? A Systematic Review of Clinical Trials
Authors: Namazi Nazli , Khodamoradi Kajal , Larijani Bagher , Ayati Mohammad Hossein 
Published: October 2017

Background Complementary therapies may increase the success rate of weight loss via a calorie-restricted diet. Acupuncture is a popular complementary therapy for obesity management. To our knowledge, no studies have summarised the effects of laser acupuncture (LA) on obesity. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of LA, in particular with respect to its impact on anthropometric features and appetite in obese adults, by conducting a systematic review of previous clinical trials. Methods We searched PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Embase and Google Scholar electronic databases for papers published through October 2016. All clinical trials in English containing either anthropometric indices or appetite parameters were included. Two reviewers independently examined studies based on a predefined form for data extraction and the Jadad scale for quality assessment in order to minimise bias throughout the evaluation. Results After screening the papers, seven clinical trials met the criteria and were included in the systematic review. Positive effects of LA therapy were seen in body weight (n=3), body mass index (n=5), waist circumference (n=4), hip circumference (n=3), waist to hip ratio (n=4) and % fat mass (n=3). Appetite parameters were reported in one study, which showed that LA can reduce appetite and increase the sensation of feeling full. Conclusion Although some studies have indicated beneficial effects for LA on obesity, the lack of evidence with high methodological quality made it impossible to reach a definitive conclusion about the efficacy of LA for obesity management. Further high-quality, randomised, sham-controlled clinical trials with a larger sample size are needed to shed light on the efficacy of LA for obesity management and weight maintenance.
Variation in hospital mortality in an Australian neonatal intensive care unit network
Authors: Abdel-Latif Mohamed E , Nowak Gen , Bajuk Barbara , Glass Kathryn , Harley David 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundStudying centre-to-centre (CTC) variation in mortality rates is important because inferences about quality of care can be made permitting changes in practice to improve outcomes. However, comparisons between hospitals can be misleading unless there is adjustment for population characteristics and severity of illness.ObjectiveWe sought to report the risk-adjusted CTC variation in mortality among preterm infants born <32 weeks and admitted to all eight tertiary neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) in the New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory Neonatal Network (NICUS), Australia.MethodsWe analysed routinely collected prospective data for births between 2007 and 2014. Adjusted mortality rates for each NICU were produced using a multiple logistic regression model. Output from this model was used to construct funnel plots.ResultsA total of 7212 live born infants <32 weeks gestation were admitted consecutively to network NICUs during the study period. NICUs differed in their patient populations and severity of illness.The overall unadjusted hospital mortality rate for the network was 7.9% (n=572 deaths). This varied from 5.3% in hospital E to 10.4% in hospital C. Adjusted mortality rates showed little CTC variation. No hospital reached the +99.8% control limit level on adjusted funnel plots.ConclusionCharacteristics of infants admitted to NICUs differ, and comparing unadjusted mortality rates should be avoided. Logistic regression-derived risk-adjusted mortality rates plotted on funnel plots provide a powerful visual graphical tool for presenting quality performance data. CTC variation is readily identified, permitting hospitals to appraise their practices and start timely intervention.
Treatment of Advanced Glaucoma Study: a multicentre randomised controlled trial comparing primary medical treatment with primary trabeculectomy for people with newly diagnosed advanced glaucoma—study protocol
Authors: King Anthony J , Fernie Gordon , Azuara-Blanco Augusto , Burr Jennifer M , Garway-Heath Ted , Sparrow John M , Vale Luke , Hudson Jemma , MacLennan Graeme , McDonald Alison , Barton Keith , Norrie John 
Published: October 2017

BackgroundPresentation with advanced glaucoma is the major risk factor for lifetime blindness. Effective intervention at diagnosis is expected to minimise risk of further visual loss in this group of patients.AimTo compare clinical and cost-effectiveness of primary medical management compared with primary surgery for people presenting with advanced open-angle glaucoma (OAG).MethodsDesign: A prospective, pragmatic multicentre randomised controlled trial (RCT).SettingTwenty-seven UK hospital eye services.ParticipantsFour hundred and forty patients presenting with advanced OAG, according to the Hodapp-Parish-Anderson classification of visual field loss.InterventionParticipants will be randomised to medical treatment or augmented trabeculectomy (1:1 allocation minimised by centre and presence of advanced disease in both eyes).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome is vision-related quality of life measured by the National Eye Institute—Visual Function Questionnaire-25 at 24 months. Secondary outcomes include generic EQ-5D-5L, Health Utility Index-3 and glaucoma-related health status (Glaucoma Utility Index), patient experience, visual field measured by mean deviation value, logarithm of the mean angle of resolution visual acuity, intraocular pressure, adverse events, standards for driving and eligibility for blind certification. Incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) based on EQ-5D-5L and glaucoma profile instrument will be estimated.ResultsThe study will report the comparative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of medical treatment against augmented trabeculectomy in patients presenting with advanced glaucoma in terms of patient-reported health and visual function, clinical outcomes and incremental cost per QALY at 2 years.ConclusionsTreatment of Advanced Glaucoma Study will be the first RCT reporting outcomes from the perspective of those with advanced glaucoma.Trial registration numberISRCTN56878850, Pre-results.