bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of PD-L1 immunoexpression with tumor grade in colorectal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jahan Israt , Hossain Delowar , Dey Bishnu Pada , Rahman Zillur 
Published: October 2024

Globally, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, and in emerging countries, its prevalence is continuously increasing. With all the advancements in surgery and treatment, the outlook for CRC patients is still not good. Even with the use of standard prognostic markers, there are presently no effective prognostic techniques for colorectal cancer. The long-term survival of many malignancies has been significantly enhanced by immune checkpoint blockades (ICB), suggesting that the immune checkpoint mechanism is crucial in inhibiting tumor-specific immune responses in the tumor microenvironment. By inhibiting T effector cell activity, the "PD-1 (programmed cell death-1)"/PD-L1 (programmed cell death-ligand 1) axis contributes significantly to immune suppression control and allows tumor cells to evade the host's anti-tumor immune surveillance. While early study suggested that immunotherapy was not relevant for patients with colorectal cancer, more recent studies have demonstrated that immunotherapy was beneficial for a certain subset of patients. This suggests that the prognosis prediction of colorectal cancer may benefit from a thorough evaluation of the local immune response. This study set out to assess the association between PD-L1 immunoexpression and tumor grade in CRC. : This was a cross-sectional observational study. Paraffin blocks of total 64 cases were selected from the patients who were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma from resected samples received in the department of pathology at BSMMU from July 2021 to June 2023. Immuno-histochemical staining for PD-L1 was performed using 28-8 clone along with appropriate positive control. In this study, PD-L1 immuno-expression was found in 14(21.9%) out of 64 cases. However, no expression was found in rest of the 50 (78.1%) cases. This study showed association of PD-L1 expression with high grade (Grade-3) tumors. : Evaluation of expression of PD-L1 may emerge as a new marker and target for the immunotherapy of colorectal cancer.
Language Features Found in Essays About Madurese Art
Authors: PUTRI SHEILA AYU RIRIS ANDIKA , Al Rosyiidah Afiifah 
Published: October 2024

This study aims to examine and explain language features in essays about Madurese arts. The writers uses qualitative descriptive methods to elaborate data. The source of the data in this study is essays by second semester students of English Department at Universitas Trunojoyo Madura which discuss about Madurese art. Meanwhile, the data of this study are characters, sentences, and paragraphs in essays that contain various language features. This study uses Gerot and Wignell (1995) theory of language features in descriptive essays. The result of this study shows that there are five language features that students use in their essays: the use of certain objects, the use of simple present tense, the use of noun and adjective phrases, the use of auxiliary, and the use of linking verb.
An Approximate Solution of Fredhom Integral Equation Using Bernstein Polynomials
Authors: Ali Haleema S. , Ali Waleeda S. 
Published: October 2024

في هذا البحث استخدمت طريقة متعددة حدود برنشتن التقريبية لإيجاد الحل التقريبي لمعادلة فريدهولم التكاملية من النوع الثاني. كما أن متعددة الحدود تستعمل بشكل كبير في الطرق الرياضية وذلك لبساطة تعريفها ولسهولة وسرعة الحسابات فيها. وتنوع دوالها.
Characterizing the photoluminescence of fluorescein-labeled cellulose in aqueous and alcohol solutions: influence of the cellulose backbone
Authors: Yen Chi-Yang , Rana Shailesh , Awasthi Kamlesh , Ohta Nobuhiro , Oh-e Masahito 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Although many dyes have been introduced into cellulose, whether bound to its backbone or within a cellulose matrix, few studies have determined whether the backbone statically or dynamically quenches the dye’s photoluminescence. To advance cellulosic fluorescent films, the cellulose backbone’s influence on photoluminescence must be understood. We determined the fluorescence properties of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and fluorescein-labeled cellulose (FLC) in water and alcohol, including their quantum yields ϕPL, lifetimes τ, and rates of radiative k_r and nonradiative knr decay. Dissolved FLC had a ~30× lower ϕPL than FITC, suggesting that incorporating FITC into the cellulose backbone remarkably reduces the fluorescence efficiency. The FLC solutions had a 6-fold lower kr than their FITC counterparts but a 10–20 times higher knr. Presumably, this was because the cellulose backbone interacted weakly with the fluorescein moieties, suggesting a quenching mechanism that can be termed quasi-static, corresponding to static quenching between the fluorescein moieties and cellulose backbone, in addition to the fluorescence quenching caused by the intramolecular nonradiative processes of fluorescein, as observed in conventional molecules. Using the Strickler‒Berg formula, we deduced the analytical radiative decay rate constants krS.B. and eventually estimated the number of very short-lived fluorescein moieties per single fluorescent fluorescein moiety, corresponding well with static quenching.
Sequential DC-intrinsic Lymphotoxin Beta Receptor and Retinoic Acid Receptor signals regulate cDC2 fates
Authors: Gommerman Jennifer , Nguyen Albert , Fisher Logan , Maitre Blandine , Ahn Jennifer , Dasoveanu Dragos , Li Conglei , Ward Lesley , Tayyebi Zakieh , Wang Angela , Yadav Anushka , Park Tyler , Rudensky Alexander , Mendelsohn Cathy , Brown Chrysothemis 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Type II conventional dendritic cells (cDC2) are functionally and phenotypically heterogenous. Previous work identified two major cDC2 subsets (cDC2A and cDC2B); however, the underlying microenvironmental cues governing their distinct differentiation pathways remain unclear. Here we delineate the sequential signals required for cDC2A specification and maintenance. We show that T-bet+ cDC2A, arising from the Clec9a+ DC progenitor, express the retinol receptor RBPR2, require cell-intrinsic retinoic acid (RA) signaling for their maintenance in the spleen and gut-associated lymphoid tissues, and depend on intrinsic RA receptor signaling to sustain downstream Notch signals. Prior to their expression of T-bet, splenic cDC require cell-intrinsic Lymphotoxin beta receptor (LTβR) expression for RA-dependent cDC2A accumulation and LTβR-deficient splenic cDC2A have compromised preferential access to blood with increased F-actin content. We propose a novel mechanism whereby splenic cDC2-intrinsic LTβR signaling promotes access to blood-borne macromolecules such as retinol to promote cDC2A development.
Relationships between students' stress, anxiety and depression and; parents' obsessive‒compulsive disorder
Authors: Rezvanpour Mohammad , Ganjeh Fatemeh , Rafiei Fatemeh , Khosravi Sharareh 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
According to the World Health Organization, stress disorders, anxiety and depression are among the most common mental disorders in the adolescent age group. These disorders have a lot of negative effects on the educational process, social relations and mental and physical health of teenagers. Currently, among mental disorders, the impact of parental depression and anxiety on children's depression and anxiety is known and accepted, but studies conducted on the impact of other parental mental disorders on children's health are limited. Obsessive compulsive disorder is an important mental disorder due to its prevalence and associated disabilities, and patients with obsessive compulsive disorder have an adverse effect on the quality of life of their relatives. Therefore, this study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationships between parents' obsessive‒compulsive disorder and students' stress, anxiety, and depression.
Methods
In this descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study, 378 students aged 12 to 15 years from Arak city and their parents were selected by simple random cluster sampling. The data were collected via two standard questionnaires, the Maudsley Obsession Scale and the Stress, Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire (DASS-21), and were analyzed via SPSS 26 software.
Results
According to the findings of this research, the prevalence rates of stress, anxiety and depression at mild to very severe levels among the students were 32%, 40.7% and 36.3%, respectively. The percentage of obsessive-compulsive disorder in the parents of the study was 14.5%. There was a positive and significant relationship between students' stress and anxiety and parents' obsessive‒compulsive disorder (p = 0.0001), but no significant relationship was observed between depression and parents' obsessive‒compulsive disorder (p = 0.181).
Conclusions
The presence of obsessive‒compulsive disorder in parents was associated with greater stress and anxiety in students, and the presence of obsessive‒compulsive disorder in parents increased the severity of these disorders; however, the presence of obsessive‒compulsive disorder in parents was not related to students' depression.
Trial registration:
Arak University of Medical Sciences. ID: IR.ARAKMU.REC.1402.207
Mevalonate kinase inhibits anti-tumor immunity by impairing the tumor cell-intrinsic interferon response in microsatellite instability colorectal cancer
Authors: Zhang Yanqiao , Liao Yuanyu , Yang Rui , Wang Bojun , Ruan Yuli , Cui Luying , Yang Jiani , Yu Xuefan , Han Shuling , Yao Yuanfei , Luan Xindi , Li Yingjue , Shi Mengde , Li Shuijie , Liu Chao 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Inadequate tumor cell-intrinsic interferon response leads to limited efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, such as anti-PD-1. Cholesterol metabolism can sharply regulate anti-tumor immune response. However, the mechanism of cholesterol synthesis affects the tumor cell-intrinsic interferon response in microsatellite instability (MSI) colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear.
Method
Small interfering RNA(siRNA) libraries and GSEA enrichment analysis are employed to screen out the key molecular which affects the tumor cell-intrinsic interferon response in MSI CRC. Mass cytometry and multiple immunofluorescence (mIF) for detecting changes in tumor micro-environment. The confocal immunofluorescence (IF), truncated protein construction, and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) were utilized to investigate the mechanism. The efficacy of immunotherapy were assessed in subcutaneous transplantation tumor models and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells-patient derived xenografts(hPBMC-PDX) models.
Results
Using the siRNA library and GSEA analysis, we revealed that mevalonate kinase (MVK) notably impairs the tumor cell-intrinsic interferon response in MSI CRC cells. After MVK gene knockout, the levels of Th1 type chemokines (CXCL9 and CXCL10) and the abundance of CD8+T cells were increased in tumor, and tumor growth was significantly slowed in mice with intact immune systems. Mechanistically, MVK interacts with the transcriptional activation domain (TAD) of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1), a key transcription factor in the interferon response. This interaction leads to reduced nuclear translocation of STAT1, ultimately impacting interferon reactivity. In the analysis of the hPBMC-PDX model and the MSI CRC clinical cohort, we observed that a low level of MVK in tumors is associated with a significant efficacy of anti-PD-1 therapy.
Conclusion
MVK is the crucial medium in the cholesterol metabolism to inhibit the tumor cell-intrinsic interferon response of tumor cells. Moreover, targeting MVK is promising to increase the efficacy of ICB therapy by increasing the interferon response in MSI CRC.
Design and Predict Tetragonal van der Waals Layered Quantum Materials of MPd5I2 (M=Ga, In and 3d Transition Metals)
Authors: Nepal Niraj , Slade Tyler , Blawat Joanna , Eaton Andrew , Palmstrom Johanna , Ueland B. , Kaminski Adam , McQueeney Robert , McDonald Ross , Canfield Paul , Wang Lin-Lin 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Quantum materials with stacking van der Waals (vdW) layers that can host non-trivial band structure topology and magnetism have shown many interesting properties. Here using high-throughput density functional theory calculations, we design and predict tetragonal vdW-layered quantum materials in the MPd5I2 structure (M = Ga, In and 3d transition metals). Our study shows that besides the known AlPd5I2, the -MPd5- structural motif of three-layer slabs separated by two I layers can host a variety of metal elements giving arise to topological interesting features and highly tunable magnetic properties in both bulk and single layer 2D structures. Among them, TiPd5I2 and InPd5I2 host a pair of Dirac points and a likely strong topological insulator state for the band manifolds just above and below the top valence band, respectively, with their single layers possibly hosting quantum spin Hall states. CrPd5I2 is a ferromagnet with a large out-of-plane magneto-anisotropy energy, desirable for rare-earth-free permanent magnets.
Popliteal plexus block compared with tibial nerve block on rehabilitation goals following total knee arthroplasty: a randomized non-inferiority trial
Authors: Sakai Norihiro , Adachi Takamasa , Sudani Tomoko , Taruishi Chieko , Uematsu Yuki , Takada Motoshi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

This trial examined the effectiveness of the popliteal plexus block (PPB) and tibial nerve block (TNB) for early rehabilitation after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). We allocated 136 participants to receive PPB or TNB with 0.25% levobupivacaine 10 mL in a randomized, double-masked manner. The primary outcome was achieving rehabilitation goals with a non-inferiority 9-hour margin, including adequate pain relief, knee flexion angles over 90 degrees, and enabling ambulatory rehabilitation. The time to reach rehabilitation goals showed non-inferiority with 49.7 ± 10.5 hours for TNB and 47.4 ± 9.7 hours for PPB, whose mean difference (PPB - TNB) was − 2.3 hours (95% CI -5.8 to 1.2 hours; P < 0.001). PPB showed higher dorsal and plantar percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (dorsal, PPB 87.7% ± 11.4% vs. TNB 74.0% ± 16.5%: P < 0.001; plantar, PPB 90.9% ± 10.3% vs. TNB 72.1% ± 16.0%; P < 0.001) at six hours after nerve block. No significant differences between the two groups emerged in pain scores, knee range of motion, additional analgesic requirements, success in the straight leg raise, and adverse events. PPB exhibited non-inferiority to TNB in achieving postoperative rehabilitation goals and had superiority in preserving foot motor strength after TKA. (200)
Force Adaptation across Ages: Investigation of Internal Models in Early Childhood and Adulthood
Authors: Faßbender Laura , Falck Johannes , López Francisco M. , Shing Yee Lee , Triesch Jochen , Schwarzer Gudrun 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Adapting movements to rapidly changing conditions is fundamental for interacting with our dynamic environment. This adaptability relies on internal models that predict and evaluate sensory outcomes to adjust motor commands. Even infants anticipate object properties for efficient grasping, suggesting the use of internal models. However, how internal models are adapted in early childhood remains largely unexplored. This study investigated a naturalistic force adaptation task in 1.5-, 3-year-olds, and young adults. Participants opened a drawer with temporarily increased resistance, creating sensory prediction errors between predicted and actual drawer dynamics. After perturbation, all age groups showed lower peak speed, longer movement time, and more movement units with trial-wise changes analyzed as adaptation process. Results revealed no age differences in adapting peak speed and movement units, but 1.5- and 3-year-olds exhibited higher trial-to-trial variability and were slower in adapting their movement time, although they also adapted their movement time more strongly. Upon removal of perturbation, we found significant aftereffects across all age groups, indicating effective internal model adaptation. These results suggest that even 1.5-year-olds form internal models of force parameters and adapt them to reduce sensory prediction errors, possibly through more exploration and with more variable movement dynamics compared to adults.
Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy—a promising strategy for primary pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma
Authors: Chen Jiawei , Fan Lei , Deng Hongsheng , Li Liang , Li Shuben 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy becomes a promising choice for patients with locally advanced non-small cell cancer (NSCLC). However, whether neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy impacted the subsequent surgical or pathological outcomes of patients with pulmonary lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (PLELC) remains relatively unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in PLELC patients.
Methods:
A retrospective study was conducted on patients who received neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy in combination with chemotherapy followed by surgery between 2019 and 2022. The clinical records of the patients were analyzed.
Results:
Out of the 31 patients with PLELC who underwent neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery, 18 patients (58.0%) experienced downstaging of the tumor. Nineteen patients (61.5%) achieved a partial response, 2 patients (6.4%) achieved a complete response, and 2 (6.4%) had progressive disease. Pathological evaluation of resected specimens revealed that 10 (32.3%) patients achieved major pathological response (MPR), including 2 (6.4%) who achieved complete response (CR). The mean disease-free survival (DFS) was 17.4 months, which was not significantly different from the value in LUSQ patients (15.1 months).
Conclusion:
Neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy is a safe and effective approach to reduce the extent of tumor, render unresectable to resectable, and offer an opportunity to receive modified surgery, which may be a promising strategy for patients with PLELC.
Identifying populations at high risk of malaria: a mixed-methods case control study to inform targeted interventions in Senegal
Authors: Thiam Tidiane , Kande Demba , Ntuku Henry , Guinovart Caterina , Galles Natalie , Merriman Laura , Cissé Moustapha , Sall Abiboulaye , Diop Ndack , Diouf Aichatou Barry , Diaw Mama Moussa , Diop Mamadou , Camara Baba , Seck Niene , Ndour Aliou , Dieye Yakou , Smith Jennifer , Bennett Adam 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Background
Senegal has made significant progress in reducing the burden of malaria, but transmission remains highly heterogeneous, with specific population subgroups likely at higher risk. Consultations with the national malaria control program (NMCP) and a review of available data identified nomadic pastoralists, gold miners, and Koranic school students as potential high-risk populations (HRPs). We evaluated whether these populations are at higher risk of malaria and better characterized their exposure patterns to inform the design of targeted intervention strategies.
Methods
A mixed-methods study was conducted in the districts of Ranérou, Kaolack, and Saraya between November 2020 and December 2021. A formative assessment including key informant interviews (KII) and focus group discussions (FGD) was conducted with non-HRP and HRP members (nomadic pastoralists, gold miners, Koranic school students). A health facility-based case-control study was then conducted in nine health facilities across the three districts. 501 confirmed malaria cases and 1002 non-malaria controls were frequency matched by age and sex with a ratio of 1:2. A standardized questionnaire was administered to collect sociodemographic information, including occupation, use of malaria prevention measures, mosquito exposure, and travel history. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify malaria risk factors.
Results
KIIs and FGDs indicated that nomadic pastoralists, gold miners and Koranic school students have high exposure to mosquito bites through outdoor sleeping, spending time outside at night and sleeping in informal structures, with important gaps in the coverage of indoor residual spraying (IRS) and long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) and limited access to health services. Compared to controls, cases had higher odds of being a nomadic pastoralist (odds ratio (OR) 4.67 95% CI 1.96–11.11) or gold miner (OR 1.92 95% CI 1.20–3.07). No evidence was found of an association with being a Koranic school student (OR 1.39 95% CI 0.80–2.39).
Conclusions
Nomadic pastoralists and gold miners in the study areas are at higher risk of malaria. Targeted interventions are needed to cover gaps in malaria prevention coverage and access to health services.
Utilization of three-dimensional renal tumor target vessel reconstruction and localization technology for Zero-Ischemia Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Song Xin , Yan Jiasheng , Gu Yan , Jiang Chen , Cai Zhikang 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of utilizing three-dimensional renal tumor target vessel reconstruction to guide zero-ischemia laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of data from 80 patients who were treated between January 2016 and September 2022. The patients were categorized into two groups based on the mode of operation. We compared the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups.
Results: In comparison to the traditional operation group, the zero ischemia group exhibited a longer operation time [(92.5±9.8) min vs. (71.6±9.9) min, P<0.001] and a higher volume of intraoperative blood loss[(152 ±22) ml vs. (80 ±19) mL, P<0.001], although there was no significant difference in postoperative hospital stay. Patients with renal hilar tumors experienced longer operation times [(109.3±10.2) min vs. (87.3±9.5) min, P<0.001] compared to those with tumors in other areas. There was no significant difference in intraoperative blood loss or hospital stay duration. Throughout the follow-up period, both groups did not experience complications such as bleeding, urine leakage, or tumor recurrence and metastasis. Three months post-operation, patients in the zero ischemia group demonstrated a faster recovery of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) compared to those in the traditional operation group, although there was no significant difference in serum creatinine level (P>0.05).
Conclusion: In certain cases of early renal cell carcinoma, the utilization of three-dimensional renal tumor target vessel reconstruction and localization technology can significantly enhance the feasibility of laparoscopic zero ischemia nephron sparing surgery.