bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated gene editing to further explore growth and trade-off effects in myostatin-mutated F4 medaka (Oryzias latipes)
Authors: Yeh Ying-Chun , Kinoshita Masato , Ng Tze Hann , Chang Yu-Hsuan , Maekawa Shun , Chiang Yi-An , Aoki Takashi , Wang Han-Ching 
Published: September 2017

AbstractMyostatin (MSTN) suppresses skeletal muscle development and growth in mammals, but its role in fish is less well understood. Here we used CRISPR/Cas9 to mutate the MSTN gene in medaka (Oryzias latipes) and evaluate subsequent growth performance. We produced mutant F0 fish that carried different frameshifts in the OlMSTN coding sequence and confirmed the heritability of the mutant genotypes to the F1 generation. Two F1 fish with the same heterozygous frame-shifted genomic mutations (a 22 bp insertion in one allele; a 32 bp insertion in the other) were then crossbred to produce subsequent generations (F2~F5). Body length and weight of the MSTN−/− F4 medaka were significantly higher than in the wild type fish, and muscle fiber density in the inner and outer compartments of the epaxial muscles was decreased, suggesting that MSTN null mutation induces muscle hypertrophy. From 3~4 weeks post hatching (wph), the expression of three major myogenic related factors (MRFs), MyoD, Myf5 and Myogenin, was also significantly upregulated. Some medaka had a spinal deformity, and we also observed a trade-off between growth and immunity in MSTN−/− F4 medaka. Reproduction was unimpaired in the fast-growth phenotypes.
Tailoring Eigenmodes at Spectral Singularities in Graphene-based PT Systems
Authors: Zhang Weixuan , Wu Tong , Zhang Xiangdong 
Published: September 2017

AbstractThe spectral singularity existing in PT-synthetic plasmonic system has been widely investigated. Only lasing-mode can be excited resulting from the passive characteristic of metallic materials. Here, we investigated the spectral singularity in the hybrid structure composed of the photoexcited graphene and one-dimensional PT-diffractive grating. In this system, both lasing- and absorption-modes can be excited with the surface conductivity of photoexcited graphene being loss and gain, respectively. Remarkably, the spectral singularity will disappear with the optically pumped graphene to be lossless. In particular, we find that spectral singularities can exhibit symmetry-modes, when the loss and gain of the grating is unbalanced. Meanwhile, by tuning the loss (gain) of graphene and non-PT diffraction grating, lasing- and absorption-modes can also be excited. We hope that tunable optical modes at spectral singularities can have some applications in designing novel surface-enhanced spectroscopies and plasmon lasers.
Dynamic oropharyngeal and faecal microbiota during treatment in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis compared with age-matched healthy subjects
Authors: Hu Qian , Dai Wenkui , Zhou Qian , Fu Dan , Zheng Yuejie , Wang Wenjian , Liu Yanhong , Yang Qin , Dai Dongling , Liu Sixi , Liu Guosheng , Li Shuaicheng , Wen Feiqiu 
Published: September 2017

AbstractBronchiolitis is one of the most severe diseases affecting infants worldwide. An imbalanced oropharynx (OP) microbiota has been reported in infants hospitalized with bronchiolitis; however, the microbiota dynamics in the OP and faeces during therapy remain unexplored. In total, 27 infants who were hospitalized with bronchiolitis were selected for this study, and sampling was conducted before therapy and after clinical recovery. We also recruited 22 age-matched healthy infants for this study. The faecal and OP microbiota diversity in the patients was lower than that in the healthy children. The faecal microbiota (FM) in the diseased children significantly differed from that in the healthy subjects and contained accumulated Bacteroides and Streptococcus. The OP microbiota in both the healthy and diseased infants was dominated by Streptococcus. After the treatment, the FM and OP microbiota in the patients was comparable to that before the treatment. This study may serve as an additional reference for future bronchiolitis studies, and the “risk microbiota model” of clinically recovered infants suggests an increased susceptibility to pathogen intrusion.
MALDI-TOF-MS based identification and molecular characterization of food associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Manukumar H. M. , Umesha S. 
Published: September 2017

AbstractFood-borne methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is involved in two-fold higher mortality rate compared to methicillin susceptible S. aureus (MSSA). Eventhough Mysuru recognized as cleanest city in the world, prevalence of food contamination is not detailed. The aim is to screen food samples from Mysuru area and to characterize MRSA strain, employing MALDI-Biotyper, multiplex PCR to distinguish between MRSA and MSSA by PCR-coupled single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Of all the food-borne pathogens, S. aureus contamination accounts for 94.37 ± 0.02% (P < 0.01), strains characterized by means of nuc genes, followed by species specific identification by Coa, Eap and SpA genes and multiplex PCR to confirm the presence of three methicillin resistant staphylococcal species simultaneously using nuc and phoP genes. Amplification of mecA gene in 159 isolates confirmed that all strains are methicillin resistant, except UOM160 (MSSA) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) in 159 isolates confirmed by 22 sets of β-lactam antibiotics. MSSA and MDR-MRSA were discriminated by PCR-SSCP using nuc gene for the first time. From the present studies, compared to conventional methods MALDI-Biotyper emerged as an effective, sensitive (>99%), robust (<2 min), and alternative tool for pathogen identification, and we developed a PCR-SSCP technique for rapid detection of MSSA and MRSA strains.
Improvement of the glycoproteomic toolbox with the discovery of a unique C-terminal cleavage specificity of flavastacin for N-glycosylated asparagine
Authors: Pralow Alexander , Hoffmann Marcus , Nguyen-Khuong Terry , Rapp Erdmann , Reichl Udo 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTo determine all potential N-glycosylation sites of a glycoprotein, one central aspect of every bottom-up N-glycoproteomic strategy is to generate suitable N-glycopeptides that can be detected and analyzed by mass spectrometry. Specific proteases, such as trypsin, bear the potential of generating N-glycopeptides that either carry more than one N-glycosylation site or are too long to be readily analyzed by mass spectrometry– both due to the lack of tryptic cleavage sites near the N-glycosylation site. Here, we present a newly identified cleavage specificity of flavastacin, a protease from Flavobacterium menigosepticum, which - up to now - was only reported to cleave peptide bonds N-terminal to aspartic acid residues. In contrast to literature, we could not confirm this N-terminal specificity of flavastacin for aspartic acid. However, for the first time, we show a unique cleavage specificity of flavastacin towards the C-terminus of N-glycosylated asparagine residues. Implemented in an N-glycoproteomic workflow the use of flavastacin can thus not only render data analysis much easier, it can also significantly increase the confidence of MS-based N-glycoproteomic analyses. We demonstrate this newly discovered specificity of flavastacin by in-depth LC-MS(/MS) analysis of complex-type glycosylated human lactotransferrin and bovine serum albumin peptides and N-glycopeptides that were generated by trypsin and flavastacin digestion. Following to this work, further elucidation of the efficiency, specificity and mode of action of flavastacin is needed, but we believe that our discovery has great potential to facilitate and improve the characterization of N-glycoproteomes.
Soil microbial carbon utilization, enzyme activities and nutrient availability responses to Bidens pilosa and a non-invasive congener under different irradiances
Authors: Wei Hui , Yan Wenbin , Quan Guoming , Zhang Jiaen , Liang Kaiming 
Published: September 2017

AbstractTwo Bidens species (Bidens pilosa and B. bipinnata) that originate from America have been introduced widely in pan-tropics, with the former regarded as a noxious invasive weed whereas the latter naturalized as a plant resource. Whether the two species exhibit different effects on the belowground system remains rarely studied. This study was conducted to investigate soil microbial carbon (C) utilization, enzyme activities and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents under the two species in a subtropical garden soil of southern China under different levels of light intensity. Results showed that the microbial C utilization and enzyme activities were not significantly different under the two species, implying that the strong invasiveness of B. pilosa could not be due to the plant-soil microbe interactions, at least plant-induced alterations of microbial community function to utilize C substrates. Alternatively, available soil nitrogen and potassium contents were significantly higher under B. pilosa than under B. bipinnata in full sun, indicating that the strong invasiveness of B. pilosa could result from rapid nutrient mobilizations by B. pilosa. However, the differences turned non-significant as light intensity decreased, suggesting that light availability could substantially alter the plant effects on soil nutrient mobilizations.
Difference in gating and doping effects on the band gap in bilayer graphene
Authors: Uchiyama Takaki , Goto Hidenori , Akiyoshi Hidehiko , Eguchi Ritsuko , Nishikawa Takao , Osada Hiroshi , Kubozono Yoshihiro 
Published: September 2017

AbstractA band gap is opened in bilayer graphene (BLG) by applying an electric field perpendicular to the layer, which offers versatility and controllability in graphene-based electronics. The presence of the band gap has been confirmed using double-gated BLG devices in which positive and negative gate voltages are applied to each side of BLG. An alternative method to induce the electric field is electron and hole doping of each side of BLG using electron-transfer adsorbates. However, the generation of the band gap by carrier doping is still under investigation. Here, we determined whether the electron/hole doping can produce the electric field required to open the band gap by measuring the temperature dependence of conductivity for BLG placed between electron-donor self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and electron-acceptor molecules. We found that some devices exhibited a band gap and others did not. The potentially irregular and variable structure of SAMs may affect the configuration of the electric field, yielding variable electronic properties. This study demonstrates the essential differences between gating and doping.
Remifentanil up2date – Teil 2
Authors: Bushuven Stefan , Kreuer Sascha , Kranke Peter 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungRemifentanil wird seit 20 Jahren mit Erfolg in vielen Bereichen der Anästhesiologie eingesetzt. Im 1. Teil wurde die Substanz mit ihren pharmakologischen Charakteristika sowie ihren erwünschten und unerwünschten Wirkungen beschrieben. Der hier vorliegende 2. Teil befasst sich mit der Anwendung des Opioids bei speziellen Patientengruppen und in den verschiedenen anästhesiologisch betreuten Fachdisziplinen.
Atemwegsmanagement bei einem 4-jährigen Kind
Authors: Kols Kerstin 
Published: September 2017

ZusammenfassungSchlichtungsstellen für Arzthaftpflichtfragen bieten Patienten, Ärzten und Versicherern eine Möglichkeit, Arzthaftungsstreitigkeiten außergerichtlich zu klären. In der Rubrik „Fälle der Schlichtungsstelle“ stellen wir abgeschlossene Fälle aus der Schlichtungsstelle für Arzthaftpflichtfragen der norddeutschen Ärztekammern vor.
The argument from surprise
Authors: Currie Adrian 
Published: September 2017

AbstractI develop an account of productive surprise as an epistemic virtue of scientific investigations which does not turn on psychology alone. On my account, a scientific investigation is potentially productively surprising when (1) results can conflict with epistemic expectations, (2) those expectations pertain to a wide set of subjects. I argue that there are two sources of such surprise in science. One source, often identified with experiments, involves bringing our theoretical ideas in contact with new empirical observations. Another, often identified with simulations, involves articulating and bringing together different parts of our knowledge. Both experiments and simulations, then, can surprise.
Predicting brain tumor regrowth in relation to motor areas by functional brain mapping
Authors: Sollmann Nico , Laub Tobias , Kelm Anna , Albers Lucia , Kirschke Jan S , Combs Stephanie E , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M 
Published: September 2017

Abstract

Background
Due to frequent recurrences, high-grade gliomas still confer a poor prognosis. Several regrowth prediction models have been developed, but most of these models are based on cellular models or dynamic mathematical calculations, thus limiting direct clinical use. The present study aims to evaluate whether navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may be used to predict the direction of tumor regrowth.

Methods
Sixty consecutive patients with high-grade gliomas were enrolled prospectively and analyzed in a case-control design after tumor recurrence. All patients underwent serial MRI after surgery and suffered from recurrent tumors during a mean follow-up of 13.2 ± 14.9 months. Tumor regrowth speed and direction were measured in relation to motor areas defined by nTMS, nTMS-based tractography, and fMRI. Depending on initial resection, patients were separated into three groups (group 1: without residual tumor, group 2: residual tumor away from motor areas, and group 3: residual tumor facing motor areas).

Results
Sixty-nine percent of patients in group 1, 64.3% in group 2, and 66.7% in group 3 showed tumor recurrence towards motor eloquence on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences (P = .9527). Average growth towards motor areas on contrast-enhanced T1-weighted sequences was 0.6 ± 1.5 (group 1), 0.6 ± 2.4 (group 2), and 2.3 ± 5.5 (group 3) mm/month (P = .0492).

Conclusion
This study suggests a new strategy to predict tumor regrowth patterns in high-grade glioma patients. Our approach could be directly applied in the clinical setting, thus having clinical impact on both surgical treatment and radiotherapy planning.

Ethics Committee Registration Number
2793/10.
Love and Evolution
Authors: Ruse Michael 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
Evolution today means Darwinian evolution, and that means natural selection. Can natural selection tell us anything about love? Sex and love are intertwined. They are not the same, but the former can give insights to the latter. Natural selection can tell us a great deal about sex. Why we have sex, why we have only two sexes, why some people have same-sex orientation. Can natural selection give us insights into the nature of love? Much depends on what one means by “love,” but selection can be remarkably informative about some standard notions involving passion, commitment, honor, and much more.
On-Site Test to Detect Syphilis in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Test Accuracy Studies
Authors: Rogozińska E. , Kara-Newton L. , Zamora J. R. , Khan K. S. 
Published: September 2017

(Abstracted from BJOG 2017;124:734–741)
Syphilis, an infection of the Treponema pallidum bacterium, can easily go undetected. This sexually transmitted infection can affect pregnant women and lead to adverse outcomes through vertical infection including congenital anomalies and neonatal death.
Live Birth Derived From Oocyte Spindle Transfer to Prevent Mitochondrial Disease
Authors: Zhang John , Liu Hui , Luo Shiyu , Lu Zhuo , Chávez-Badiola Alejandro , Liu Zitao , Yang Mingxue , Merhi Zaher , Silber Sherman J. , Munné Santiago , Konstandinidis Michalis , Wells Dagan , Huang Taosheng 
Published: September 2017

(Abstracted from Reprod Biomed 2017;34:361–368)
It is estimated that at least 1 in 5000 people in the general population has 1 mutation in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which can cause maternally inherited mitochondrial disorders. When both mutant mitochondrial and wild-type (normal) genomes coexist (heteroplasmy), the severity of symptoms is associated with the level of mtDNA mutation load or degree of heteroplasmy.
Relationships Between Components of Emotional Intelligence and Suicidal Behavior in Alcohol-dependent Patients
Authors: Kopera Maciej , Jakubczyk Andrzej , Klimkiewicz Anna , Suszek Hubert , Krasowska Aleksandra , Brower Kirk J. , Wojnar Marcin 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
The importance of investigating various emotional skills in assessment of suicide risk in alcohol-dependent (AD) individuals has recently become the focus of increasing interest. The objective of this study was to explore the relationships between self-reported components of emotional intelligence and lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts in a clinical sample of AD subjects.

Methods:
A group of 80 inpatients entering an alcohol treatment program in Warsaw, Poland, was recruited. Baseline information about demographics, psychopathological symptoms, personality, and severity of alcohol problems was obtained. The Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test was utilized for assessment of emotional processing. Lifetime history of suicide attempts was obtained from the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview.

Results:
After accounting for affect-related suicide risk factors (severity of depression, anxiety, neuroticism), and also other significant predictors (eg, age, sex, history of childhood abuse), mood regulation/optimism deficits remained a significant correlate of lifetime suicide attempts in AD patients. In the mediation models, mood regulation appeared to fully mediate the relationship between history of suicide attempts and depression, and also neuroticism.

Conclusions:
The results of this study support the evidence that poor mood regulation might be related to the risk for suicidal behavior in AD individuals. These findings point towards the significance of addressing the issue of emotion-related skills in the therapy of those AD subjects who are at risk for suicide.
Obesity Increases Risk of Loss of Reduction After Casting for Diaphyseal Fractures of the Radius and Ulna in Children: An Observational Cohort Study
Authors: DeFrancesco Christopher J. , Rogers Benjamin H. , Shah Apurva S. 
Published: September 2017

Objectives:
To determine if high body mass index (BMI) increases the risk of loss of reduction (LOR) following closed reduction and casting for displaced concomitant fractures of the radial and ulnar shafts in pediatric patients.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Setting:
A single, tertiary care, urban children's hospital.

Patients/Participants:
Pediatric patients 2–18 years of age with closed, displaced, concomitant diaphyseal fractures of the radius and ulna (OTA/AO 22-A3) who underwent closed reduction and casting at the study site.

Main Outcome Measures:
BMI percentile of ≥95 was defined as obese. For nonobese patients, BMI percentile of ≥85 was defined as overweight. BMI percentile category, fracture angulation, sex, age, fracture location, and number of follow-up visits were recorded. Radiographs and health records were reviewed to note clinical and radiographic cases of LOR. The primary outcome was LOR (clinical or radiographic).

Results:
Overall, 124 subjects (74 male and 50 female subjects) underwent acceptable closed reduction and casting. Median patient age was 7.6 years (range, 2.2–17.8 years). There were 14 cases of LOR. LOR rates were 7.2%, 16.7%, and 44.4% for the nonoverweight, overweight, and obese cohorts, respectively (P = 0.005). Regression analysis revealed that LOR was positively associated with higher BMI category (odds ratio for overweight 4.49; P = 0.082; odds ratio for obese 7.52; P = 0.020) and patient age in years (odds ratio, 1.38; P = 0.001).

Conclusions:
Given the high risk of LOR in overweight and obese children with displaced concomitant fractures of the radial and ulnar shafts, our findings suggest that attentive and frequent follow-up is warranted. In these patients, the initial reduction should be closely scrutinized, and a lower threshold for surgical fixation may be considered.

Level of Evidence:
Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
External Validation of Six Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia Clinical Decision Rules
Authors: Haeusler Gabrielle M. , Thursky Karin A. , Slavin Monica A. , Mechinaud Francoise , Babl Franz E. , Bryant Penelope , De Abreu Lourenco Richard , Phillips Robert 
Published: September 2017

Background:
Fever and neutropenia (FN) clinical decision rules (CDRs) are recommended to help distinguish children with cancer at high and low risk of severe infection. The aim of this study was to validate existing pediatric FN CDRs designed to stratify children with cancer at high or low risk of serious infection or medical complication.

Methods:
Pediatric CDRs suitable for validation were identified from a literature search. Relevant data were extracted from an existing data set of 650 retrospective FN episodes in children with cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of each of the CDR were compared with the derivation studies to assess reproducibility.

Results:
Six CDRs were identified for validation: 2 were designed to predict bacteremia and 4 to predict adverse events. Five CDRs exhibited reproducibility in our cohort. A rule predicting bacteremia had the highest sensitivity (100%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 93%–100%) although poor specificity (17%), with only 15% identified as low risk. For adverse events, the highest sensitivity achieved was 84% (95% CI: 75%–90%), with specificity of 29% and 27% identified as low risk. A rule intended for application after a 24-hour period of inpatient observation yielded a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI: 73–86) and specificity of 46%, with 44% identified as low risk.

Conclusions:
Five CDRs were reproducible, although not all can be recommended for implementation because of either inadequate sensitivity or failure to identify a clinically meaningful number of low-risk patients. The 24-hour rule arguably exhibits the best balance between sensitivity and specificity in our population.
Spinal Epidural Abscess Caused by Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella amnii
Authors: Stewart Leslie , Sinha Saurabh , Madsen Peter J. , Glaser Laurel , Chen H. Isaac , Culyba Matthew J. 
Published: September 2017

Abstract
We report a case of spinal epidural abscess in a 58-year-old woman who had recently been diagnosed with gonococcal infection, but did not receive guideline-recommended therapy. She presented with back pain as well as signs and symptoms of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). Magnetic resonance imaging of the spine demonstrated epidural abscess extending from T10 to L4/L5. She underwent T10/L1 and L3/L4 laminectomies for evacuation of the abscess and Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella amnii were isolated from the abscess fluid cultures. Our case demonstrates spinal epidural abscess as a rare, but morbid complication of PID and highlights the pathogenic potential of the anaerobic flora associated with PID.
Exploring the Perceived Value of a Personalized Informatics Tool to Anticipate and Mitigate Patient Risk
Authors: Kneeland Michael D. , Ivory Catherine H. , Bloomingburg Phebe , Choma Neesha N. 
Published: September 2017

ABSTRACT
Health care systems are implementing a myriad of strategies to improve patient outcomes and reduce both adverse events and unplanned readmissions. These approaches include interventions related to people, processes, and technology. This article describes the development of a technology-based model in the form of an actionable risk profile, which was used by one inpatient surgical unit (people) during a daily care team briefing (process). The risk profile was evaluated for its perceived value to the care team as a method of organizing care and anticipating patients' needs. Preliminary findings of the proof of concept are presented along with recommendations for practice and research.