bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exercise in the management of knee and hip osteoarthritis
Authors: Wellsandt Elizabeth , Golightly Yvonne 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
This review focuses on studies published during July 2001 to August 2017 of exercise as an intervention in knee and hip osteoarthritis, including its influence on an array of patient outcomes.

Recent findings
Studies continue to illustrate the efficacy of exercise in treating and managing osteoarthritis, with current literature more focused on the knee compared with the hip joint. Both traditional (e.g. strength, aerobic, flexibility) and more nontraditional (e.g. yoga, Tai Chi, aquatic) training modes improve patient outcomes related to joint symptoms, mobility, quality of life, psychological health, musculoskeletal properties, body composition, sleep, and fatigue. Exercise that is adequately dosed (e.g. frequency, intensity) and progressive in nature demonstrated the greatest improvements in patient outcomes. Supervised, partially supervised, and nonsupervised interventions can be successful in the treatment of osteoarthritis, but patient preference regarding level of supervision and mode of exercise may be key predictors in exercise adherence and degree of outcome improvement. A topic of increasing interest in osteoarthritis is the supplementary role of behavior training in exercise interventions.

Summary
Osteoarthritis is a complex, multifactorial disease that can be successfully managed and treated through exercise, with minimal risk for negative consequences. However, to have greatest impact, appropriate exercise prescription is needed. Efforts to achieve correct exercise doses and mitigate patient nonadherence are needed to lessen the lifelong burden of osteoarthritis.
Hormone receptor positive breast cancer: state of the art
Authors: Peddi Parvin F. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
Hormone receptor (HR) positive breast cancer represents the vast majority of breast cancer cases. Treatment for these patients has been 5 years of endocrine therapy in the localized setting and endocrine therapy alone in the metastatic setting until progression of disease and switch to chemotherapy until quite recently.

Recent findings
The current article will review recent data on role of extended endocrine therapy with tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors and adjuvant bisphosphonates in the localized disease setting. It will then review the role of targeted agents such as cyclin dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors, two of which were FDA approved in 2017 in the metastatic setting and are now standard of care.

Summary
Landscape of HR positive breast cancer is changing with doubling of progression-free survival with drugs approved in the last 2 years. Although antiestrogen therapy remains the backbone of therapy, we are continuing to improve outcome for patients by changes and additions to this therapy.
Indications for morcellation in gynecologic surgery
Authors: Parker William H. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
Minimally invasive gynecologic procedures, in particular laparoscopic hysterectomy and myomectomy, often require tissue morcellation.

Recent findings
Whether morcellated or not, myometrial cells can be found in the abdomen and pelvis after either laparoscopic or open myomectomy. Following morcellation, careful inspection for and removal of tissue fragments and copious irrigation and suctioning of fluid can remove residual tissue and cells without the use of containment bags. The dogma of not ‘cutting-through’ cancer is not correct for many surgical specialties and irrelevant with regards to leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and minimally invasive gynecologic surgery. Eliminating residual disease in the pelvis and abdomen should be the goal of myomectomy or hysterectomy.

Summary
Morcellation of excised tissue is necessary for many women with symptomatic fibroids who choose to undergo laparoscopic myomectomy or hysterectomy. LMS is an uncommon disease, with a poor prognosis due to early hematogenous metastasis to lung, bone and liver. Preoperatively, it is often difficult to differentiate from benign fibroids. LMS has a high propensity for local recurrence despite performance of total hysterectomy. Efforts to remove all tissue and cells from the pelvis and abdomen should be the goal of minimally invasive surgery with morcellation.
Frontline therapy of ovarian cancer: trials and tribulations
Authors: Volpe Jasmin , Filipi Jennifer G. , Cooper Olivia R. , Penson Richard T. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
The current article reviews the advances and challenges in the fight with cancer and the hope for cure, with a focus on clinical trials, at the one time with the best outcomes; first-line therapy.

Recent findings
To date there have been four great stories that bridge inception to development of new drugs in ovarian cancer: Serendipitous insight into the role of platinum, discovery of taxanes, understanding the microenvironment and angiogenesis, and following the science in the development of Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. There is a fundamental difference between overall survival (OS), simply living longer; and eradicating disease, cure. The scientific underpinning of both our understanding and the recent developments encourages an optimistic view of the remaining hurdles.

Summary
There has been an unprecedented explosion in the number of new drugs approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer with three new classes of agent, and five new drugs receiving food and drug administration approval in the last 3 years (Fig. 2). Getting the right drug truly transforms patients’ experience with the seminal event being the development of imatinib in CML. In 1980, an average patient would have lived only 3 years, and now they only live 3 years less than a full lifespan [Bower et al. (2016). J Clin Oncol 34:2851].
Weekend Surgical Care and Postoperative Mortality
Authors: Smith Stephen A. , Yamamoto Jennifer M. , Roberts Derek J. , Tang Karen L. , Ronksley Paul E. , Dixon Elijah , Buie W. Donald , James Matthew T. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
An association between weekend health care delivery and poor outcomes has become known as the “weekend effect.” Evidence for such an association among surgery patients has not previously been synthesized.

Objective:
To systematically review associations between weekend surgical care and postoperative mortality.

Methods:
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and references of relevant articles for studies that compared postoperative mortality either; (1) according to the day of the week of surgery for elective operations, or (2) according to weekend versus weekday admission for urgent/emergent operations. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for postoperative mortality (≤90 d or inpatient mortality) were pooled using random-effects models.

Results:
Among 4027 citations identified, 10 elective surgery studies and 19 urgent/emergent surgery studies with a total of >6,685,970 and >1,424,316 patients, respectively, met the inclusion criteria. Pooled odds of mortality following elective surgery rose in a graded manner as the day of the week of surgery approached the weekend [Monday OR=1 (reference); Tuesday OR=1.04 (95% CI=0.97–1.11); Wednesday OR=1.08 (95% CI=0.98–1.19); Thursday OR=1.12 (95% CI=1.03–1.22); Friday OR=1.24 (95% CI=1.10–1.38)]. Mortality was also higher among patients who underwent urgent/emergent surgery after admission on the weekend relative to admission on weekdays (OR=1.27; 95% CI=1.08–1.49).

Conclusions:
Postoperative mortality rises as the day of the week of elective surgery approaches the weekend, and is higher after admission for urgent/emergent surgery on the weekend compared with weekdays. Future research should focus on clarifying underlying causes of this association and potentially mitigating its impact.
Indocyanine Green Angiography Use in Breast Reconstruction: A National Analysis of Outcomes and Cost in 110,320 Patients
Authors: Chattha Anmol , Bucknor Alexandra , Chen Austin D. , Lee Bernard T. , Lin Samuel J. 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Indocyanine green angiography has gained popularity in breast reconstruction for its ability to assess mastectomy skin and tissue flap viability. The authors aim to analyze trends and outcomes associated with indocyanine green angiography use in breast reconstruction.

Methods:
Using 2012 to 2014 data from the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project National Inpatient Sample, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, the authors identified breast reconstructions performed with or without indocyanine green angiography use. Trends over time were assessed using the Cochran-Armitage test. Outcomes were assessed using logistic regression and generalized linear modeling.

Results:
Over the study period, 110,320 patients underwent breast reconstruction: 107,005 (97.0 percent) without and 3315 (3.0 percent) with indocyanine green angiography use. Usage increased over time: 750 patients (1.9 percent) in 2012, increasing to 1275 patients (3.7 percent) in 2013 (p < 0.001). Smokers (p = 0.018), hypertensive patients (p = 0.046), obese patients (p < 0.001), and those with a higher comorbidity index (p < 0.001) were more likely to undergo indocyanine green angiography. Autologous reconstruction was more frequently combined with its use compared with tissue expander reconstruction (4.5 percent versus 2.1 percent; p < 0.001). There was a significant increase in the odds of débridement associated with its use (OR, 1.404; p < 0.001; 95 percent CI, 1.201 to 1.640).

Conclusions:
Indocyanine green angiography use in breast reconstruction has increased in recent years and is associated with higher débridement rates. These rates may indicate changing trends for clinicians when deciding whether to débride tissue during breast reconstruction.

CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:
Therapeutic, III.
Absorbable Antibiotic Beads Prophylaxis in Immediate Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Kenna Denise M. , Irojah Busayo B. , Mudge KimberLee , Eveler Kendra 
Published: December 2017

Background:Breast reconstruction with tissue expanders is the most common mode of reconstruction following mastectomy. Infection necessitating tissue expander removal is a significant complication leading to patient distress and increased health care costs.Methods:Over 3 years, 127 breast reconstructions with tissue expanders were performed by a single surgeon. Fifty-nine of these reconstructions were performed using a standardized protocol in which patients washed with chlorhexidine several days before surgery and received intravenous antibiotics preoperatively. Intraoperatively, the submuscular pocket was irrigated with triple-antibiotic solution and the skin was prepared again with povidone-iodine before expander placement. This group was referred to as the preintervention group. Sixty-eight of the reconstructions were performed using the standardized protocol with the addition of biodegradable antibiotic beads (Stimulan with vancomycin and gentamicin) in the submuscular pocket. This group made up the postintervention group. The primary outcome was the rate of infection necessitating tissue expander removal.Results:The rate of tissue expander loss caused by infection was 11.9 percent in the preintervention group and 1.5 percent in the postintervention group (p= 0.024). Higher body mass index was associated with a statistically significant increase in infections necessitating expander removal.Conclusion:The use of absorbable antibiotic beads in the submuscular pocket reduced the risk of periprosthetic implant infection necessitating implant removal by 8-fold.CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE:Therapeutic, III.
The role of omadacycline in skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Montravers Philippe , Tran-Dinh Alexy , Tanaka Sebastien 
Published: December 2017

Purpose of review
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are among the most frequent infections, contributing to significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Although numerous antibiotics are available for this indication, several medical needs remain unmet, especially for treating methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) or mixed infections. This review summarizes the results achieved in the development of omadacycline, a new aminomethylcycline, which could have useful properties for the treatment of SSTIs.

Recent findings
The antimicrobial activity of omadacycline against the micro-organisms most frequently cultured in SSTIs has been confirmed in worldwide panels of clinical isolates, including MRSA, Gram-negative aerobes and some anaerobes. Pharmacokinetic data demonstrate interesting characteristics, allowing intravenous and oral administration. The Phase 3 OASIS-1 trial assessed the clinical efficacy and safety of omadacycline versus linezolid in SSTIs and demonstrated noninferiority and a good safety profile especially with regard to gastrointestinal effects. Analyses of subgroups of patients from this trial showed similar activity to that of the comparator drug, good safety and no dosage adjustments for age, sex or hepatic or renal impairment.

Summary
Because of its microbiological activities and pharmacokinetic profile, omadacycline may be particularly suitable for the treatment of SSTIs, whether managed in hospital or on an outpatient basis.
Resveratrol Downregulates Biomarkers of Sepsis Via Inhibition of Proteasome's Proteases
Authors: Silswal Neerupma , Reddy Nidhi S. , Qureshi Asaf A. , Qureshi Nilofer 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is the main agonist of gram-negative bacteria and initiates inflammation. We recently reported that plasmas from sepsis patients revealed increased levels of following group of biomarkers; VCAM-1, ICAM1, CRP, resistin, and proteasome LMP subunits. Our objective here was to compare effects of resveratrol (shown to be a nonspecific proteasome inhibitor by us) and a known LMP7 inhibitor (ONX-0914, specific inhibitor) on proteasome's activities, as well as on inflammatory markers mentioned above in human blood monocytes. Using fluorescence-based assays on blood monocytes purified proteasomes, resveratrol (0–100 μM) inhibited all three protease activities, predominantly LMP7. Similarly, resveratrol inhibited all three protease activities using cell-based luminescence assay. In contrast, ONX-0914 was more selective and potent for LMP7 activity. Resveratrol and ONX-0914, both significantly inhibited expression of LPS-induced biomarkers mentioned above in CD14+ monocytes. Moreover, resveratrol itself, as well as in combination with LPS, accumulated pIκBα in CD14+ monocytes. Collectively, our data suggest that resveratrol is a less potent inhibitor of all three; CT-like (predominantly LMP7), T-like and PA protease activities and is less toxic to human monocytes than ONX-0914 (a selector inhibitor of only LMP7) as observed by an autophagy detection kit. Also, resveratrol reduces LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression by decreasing the translocation of NF-κB due to an increase in inhibitor pIκBα. Therefore, resveratrol can be used to curb inflammation in diseased states like sepsis and other disorders.
Riemannian Geometry Boosts Representational Similarity Analyses of Dense Neural Time Series
Authors: Barachant Alexandre , King Jean-Rémi 
Published: December 2017

AbstractRepresentational similarity analysis (RSA) is a popular technique to estimate the structure of mental representations from neuroimaging data. However, RSA can be difficult to estimate for neural time series, where mental representations may be distributed in a highly dimensional space. Here, we show that RSA can be efficiently estimated from dense neural time series using Riemannian geometry. Using a public magneto-encephalography dataset, we decoded 24 classes from the brain evoked responses to 720 visual stimuli. RSA estimated from the confusion matrices of a standard regularized logistic regression achieved an average decoding accuracy of 23% (chance=4%). Our approach based on spatial filtering and Riemannian geometry nearly doubled this score with an average 42% decoding accuracy. Finally, our results revealed how RSA becomes ill-conceived when it derives from confusion matrices of highly accurate multivariate pattern classifications. Instead, we propose to directly estimate RSA from Riemannian metrics without fitting a multivariate pattern classifier. Overall, our approach, based on Riemannian geometry provides a principled and efficient basis to study the structure of mental representations from highly dimensional neural time series.
A quantitative network modeling approach to evaluate the role of cytokine combinations on CD4+ T cell differentiation, partial polarization, and plasticity
Authors: Martinez-Sanchez Mariana E. , Huerta Leonor , Alvarez-Buylla Elena R. , Villarreal Carlos 
Published: December 2017

AbstractDiverse cellular polarization states with different phenotypes and functions are derived from the differentiation of activated CD4+T naïve lymphocytes in the presence of particular cytokines. In addition, conversion of polarized cells to phenotypes different from that originally induced has been documented, highlighting the capacity of the immune response for adaptation to changing circumstances. In a recent study, we proposed a minimal Boolean regulatory network of CD4+ T differentiation that incorporates transcription factors, signaling pathways, and autocrine and exogenous cytokines. The qualitative model effectively reproduced the main polarized phenotypes of CD4+T cells and several of the plasticity events reported in the literature. Yet, the amount and the expression of cytokines relative to expression of other factors influence CD4+ T cell transitions. In this paper, we have extended the Boolean network to a continuous model that allows us to assess the effect of quantitative differences in the concentrations and combinations of exogenous and endogenous cytokines, as well as diverse levels of transcription factors expression, in order to assess the role of intracellular and extracellular components in CD4+T differentiation and plasticity. Interestingly, the model predicts either abrupt or gradual differentiation patterns between observed phenotypes depending on critical concentrations of single or multiple environmental cytokines. Plastic changes induced by environmental cytokines were observed in conditions of partial phenotype polarization in the Th1/Th2 transition. On the other hand, the Th17/iTreg transition was highly dependent on cytokine concentrations in the environment. Thus, modeling shows how the concentration of exogenous factors, the degree of initial polarization, and cell heterogeneity, may determine the differentiation and plasticity capacity of CD4+T cells. The model and results presented here are useful to further understand system-level mechanisms underlying observed patterns of CD4+T differentiation and plasticity.
Robust detrending, rereferencing, outlier detection, and inpainting for multichannel data
Authors: de Cheveigné Alain , Arzounian Dorothée 
Published: December 2017

AbstractElectroencephalography (EEG), magnetoencephalography (MEG) and related techniques are prone to glitches, slow drift, steps, etc., that contaminate the data and interfere with the analysis and interpretation. These artifacts are usually addressed in a preprocessing phase that attempts to remove them or minimize their impact. This paper offers a set of useful techniques for this purpose: robust detrending, robust rereferencing, outlier detection, data interpolation (inpainting), step removal, and filter ringing artifact removal. These techniques provide a less wasteful alternative to discarding corrupted trials or channels, and they are relatively immune to artifacts that disrupt alternative approaches such as filtering.Robust detrendingallows slow drifts and common mode signals to be factored out while avoiding the deleterious effects of glitches.Robust rereferencingreduces the impact of artifacts on the reference.Inpaintingallows corrupt data to be interpolated from intact parts based on the correlation structure estimated over the intact parts.Outlier detectionallows the corrupt parts to be identified.Step removalfixes the high-amplitude flux jump artifacts that are common with some MEG systems.Ringing removalallows the ringing response of the antialiasing filter to glitches (steps, pulses) to be suppressed. The performance of the methods is illustrated and evaluated using synthetic data and data from real EEG and MEG systems. These methods, which are are mainly automatic and require little tuning, can greatly improve the quality of the data.
Metagenomic signature of natural strongyle infection in susceptible and resistant horses
Authors: Clark Allison , Sallé Guillaume , Ballan Valentine , Reigner Fabrice , Meynadier Annabelle , Cortet Jacques , Koch Christine , Riou Mickaёl , Blanchard Alexandra , Mach Núria 
Published: December 2017

AbstractGastrointestinal strongyles are a major threat to horses' health and welfare. Given that strongyles inhabit the same niche as the gut microbiota, they may interact with each other. These beneficial or detrimental interactions are unknown in horses and could partly explain contrasted susceptibility to infection between individuals. To address these questions, an experimental pasture trial with 20 worm-free female Welsh ponies (10 susceptible (S) and 10 resistant (R) to parasite infection) was implemented for five months. Fecal egg counts (FEC), hematological and biochemical data, body weight and gut microbiota composition were studied in each individual after 0, 24, 43, 92 and 132 grazing days.The predicted R ponies exhibited lower FEC after 92 and 132 grazing days, and showed higher levels of circulating monocytes and eosinophils, while S ponies developed lymphocytosis by the end of the trial. Although the overall microbiota diversity remained similar between the two groups, R and S ponies exhibited sustained differential abundances inClostridium XIVa, Ruminococcus, Acetivibrioand unclassifiedLachnospiraceaat day 0. These bacteria may hence contribute to the intrinsic pony resistance towards strongyle infection. Moreover,Paludibacter, Campylobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Clostridium III, Acetivibrio, members of the unclassifiedEubacteriaceaeandRuminococcaceaeand fungi loads were increased in infected S ponies, suggesting that strongyle and fungi may contribute to each other’s success in the ecological niche of the equine intestines. In contrast, butyrate-producing bacteria such asRuminococcus, Clostridium XIVaand members of theLachnospiraceaefamily decreased in S relative to R ponies. Additionally, these gut microbiota alterations induced changes in several immunological pathways in S ponies, including pathogen sensing, lipid metabolism, and activation of signal transduction that are critical for the regulation of immune system and energy homeostasis. These observations shed light on a putative implication of the gut microbiota in the intrinsic resistance to strongyle infection.Overall, this longitudinal study provides a foundation to better understand the mechanisms that underpin the relationship between host susceptibility to strongyle infection, immune response and gut microbiota under natural conditions in horses and should contribute to the development of novel biomarkers of strongyle susceptibility and provide additional control options.