bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Primordial and cosmogenic noble gases in the Sutter's Mill CM chondrite
Authors: Okazaki Ryuji , Nagao Keisuke 
Published: April 2017

AbstractThe Sutter's Mill (SM) CM chondrite fell in California in 2012. The CM chondrite group is one of the most primitive, consisting of unequilibrated minerals, but some of them have experienced complex processes occurring on their parent body, such as aqueous alteration, thermal metamorphism, brecciation, and solar wind implantation. We have determined noble gas concentrations and isotopic compositions for SM samples using a stepped heating gas extraction method, in addition to mineralogical observation of the specimens. The primordial noble gas abundances, especially the P3 component trapped in presolar diamonds, confirm the classification of SM as a CM chondrite. The mineralogical features of SM indicate that it experienced mild thermal alteration after aqueous alteration. The heating temperature is estimated to be <350 °C based on the release profile of primordial 36Ar. The presence of a Ni‐rich Fe‐Ni metal suggests that a minor part of SM has experienced heating at >500 °C. The variation in the heating temperature of thermal alteration is consistent with the texture as a breccia. The heterogeneous distribution of solar wind noble gases is also consistent with it. The cosmic‐ray exposure (CRE) age for SM is calculated to be 0.059 ± 0.023 Myr based on cosmogenic 21Ne by considering trapped noble gases as solar wind, the terrestrial atmosphere, P1 (or Q), P3, A2, and G components. The CRE age lies at the shorter end of the CRE age distribution of the CM chondrite group.
Fatal remote cerebral hemorrhage at a site of a microbleed immediately after intravenous thrombolysis
Authors: Oomura Masahiro , Fujioka Teppei , Uchida Yuto , Kato Daisuke , Nishikawa Yusuke , Matsukawa Noriyuki 
Published: April 2017

AbstractWe report a patient with ischemic stroke who was treated with intravenous alteplase and subsequently developed a fatal pontine hemorrhage during cerebral angiography. An 88‐year‐old woman presented with right hemiplegia and aphasia. Magnetic resonance angiography at onset showed occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery. T2*‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed a cerebral microbleed in the pons. She was treated with intravenous alteplase followed by cerebral angiography. Left carotid angiography showed recanalization of the left middle cerebral artery, and neurointervention was not carried out. During the angiography, she became comatose. Computed tomography showed a massive pontine hemorrhage. The hemorrhage was considered to be attributable to the microbleed. The variety of time phases of cerebral microbleeds have been elucidated; there are a subset of lesions reflecting acute or subacute microhemorrhages. It is considered that expansion of a pontine microbleed induced by alteplase caused a fatal remote cerebral hemorrhage in the present case.
Seeking help for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD): a qualitative study of the enablers and barriers conducted by a researcher with personal experience of OCD
Authors: Robinson Karen J. , Rose Diana , Salkovskis Paul M. 
Published: April 2017

ObjectivesObsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) can be hugely disabling. Although very effective psychological treatments exist, many people delay years before seeking help or never seek treatment. There have been clinical observation and short questionnaire studies on why people delay, but little qualitative research exists on this complex subject. The present qualitative study aimed to identify the barriers to seeking treatment and the factors that encourage or push people to seek help for their OCD (positive and negative enablers).DesignA qualitative, exploratory study using in‐depth, individual, semi‐structured interviews was conducted by a researcher with personal experience of OCD.MethodsSeventeen people with OCD, contacted through the charity OCD‐UK, were interviewed about the factors that impacted on their decision to seek help or not. The interviews were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsBarriers identified were stigma, ‘internal / cognitive’ factors, not knowing what their problem was, factors relating to their GP or treatment, and fear of criminalisation. Positive enablers identified were being supported to seek help, information and personal accounts of OCD in the media, and confidence in their GP. Negative enablers were reaching a crisis point and for some participants (whose intrusive thoughts were about harming children) feeling driven to seek treatment because of the nature of the thoughts, that is, seeking help to prevent the ‘harm’ they feared they were capable of doing.ConclusionsParticipants identified a range of barriers and enablers that impacted on their decision to seek help or not. These give important indicators about the likely causes for delayed help seeking in OCD and ways in which people might be encouraged to seek help earlier.Practitioner points

People with OCD may face a wide range of barriers to seeking help, including concern about the reaction of health professionals.

The level of awareness, kindness, and understanding shown by first‐line practitioners can be very important to those seeking help.

Acknowledging a person's journey prior to seeking help is likely to foster trust between therapist and patient.

Some barriers to seeking help, for example, fear of criminalisation, may continue to have an important effect afterwards unless sensitively explored and understood.
AIM2 inflammasome is associated with disease severity in tegumentary leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania (V.) braziliensis
Authors: Moreira R. B. , Pirmez C. , de Oliveira‐Neto M. P. , Aguiar L. S. , Gonçalves A. J. S. , Pereira L. O. R. , Abreu L. , De Oliveira M. P. 
Published: April 2017

SummaryThe inflammasome is a multiprotein signalling platform involved in the pathogenesis of various inflammatory skin diseases. Herein, we investigated gene and protein expression of the inflammasome molecules AIM2 and NLRP3 in active lesions from patients with L. (V.) braziliensis‐associated tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) and correlated these findings with the clinical presentations and responses to therapy. Real‐time PCR assays showed a significantly higher AIM2 gene expression in mucosal leishmaniasis (ML) compared with that in cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Additionally, AIM2 mRNA expression was significantly higher in lesions from poor responders than in lesions from good responders. In situ protein quantification analyses revealed greater AIM2 expression in ML lesions than in CL lesions. The percentage of AIM2‐producing cells was higher in poor responders than in good responders. Although not quite significant, IL‐1β+ cells were slightly more prominent in poor responders than in good responders. Similar results were observed when patients were evaluated according to clinical form. GP63 immunostaining was identified in all samples, but no significant variation between mucosal and cutaneous lesions was observed. GP63 could be associated with reduced NLRP3 inflammasome expression in CL and ML patients. Taken together, these data demonstrate that AIM2 is an important component of the inflammasome in TL patients and is directly associated with the severity of lesions.
Colostrum yield and litter performance in multiparous sows subjected to farrowing induction
Authors: Otto MA , Machado AP , Moreira LP , Bernardi ML , Coutinho ML , Vaz IS , Wentz I , Bortolozzo FP 
Published: April 2017

ContentsThe consumption of colostrum at a low level can compromise the survival and growth of piglets. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of farrowing induction on colostrum yield, IgG concentration and the survival and performance of piglets until the weaning. Sows of parity 3 to 7 were assigned into two groups: Control (n = 48), sows with spontaneous farrowing; and induction (n = 48), sows induced to farrow on day 114 of gestation with a PGF2 analogue. Colostrum and blood samples were collected from the sows, at farrowing and 24 hr later. Blood samples from the piglets were collected at 24 hr after birth. The performance of the piglets was evaluated in a subsample of 28 litters from each group. All piglets were weighed at 7, 14 and 20 days of age. The farrowing length, the number of piglets born alive, stillborn piglets, weight at birth, litter weight at birth and colostrum yield were not significantly affected (p > .05) by farrowing induction. There was no difference between the groups (p > .05) in the percentage of sows with obstetric interventions. Serum IgG concentration, in both sows and piglets, and colostrum IgG concentration were similar between the groups (p > .05). Furthermore, survival rate, piglet weight and litter weight at 7, 14 and 20 days of age were also similar between the groups (p > .05). Therefore, it can be concluded that the farrowing induction performed on day 114 of gestation does not affect the colostrum yield, the IgG concentration in colostrum and serum of piglets, and the litter performance until the weaning.
The Possibilities for Nongovernmental Organizations Promoting Environmental Protection to Claim Damages in Relation to the Environment in France, Italy, the Netherlands and Portugal
Authors: Fasoli Elena 
Published: April 2017

Even though under the Environmental Liability Directive environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs) cannot bring actions directly against liable operators, a trend can be noticed in France, Italy, the Netherlands and Portugal, with ENGOs avoiding addressing the competent authorities, and instead using traditional civil law mechanisms to sue liable operators before national courts. ENGOs usually claim material and/or moral damages. In addition, existing practice reveals another trend, although still embryonic, with ENGOs claiming the reparation of the damage to the environment in itself. In so doing, they face the difficulties of demonstrating a ‘direct and personal’ damage in court. This article calls for further clarification from case law and legislation as to the nature and forms of the reparation of the different types of damage that can be obtained by ENGOs through tort law and civil liability claims.
Effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions in treating orthostatic hypotension in the elderly and people with a neurological condition: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Logan Angela , Marsden Jonathan , Freeman Jennifer , Kent Bridie 
Published: April 2017

Review question/objective:
The objectives of the review are to determine:The effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for OH in elderly people and people with a neurological condition.Whether, in the elderly or people with a neurological condition who have OH, non-pharmacological interventions:- are effective in improving OH, resting blood pressure and cerebral blood flow- allow more or earlier mobilization (especially standing) to undertake activities of daily living and/or participate in rehabilitation programs

Specifically, the review question is:
What is the evidence base for non-pharmacological interventions in treating orthostatic hypotension (OH) in elderly people and people with a neurological condition?
Protected mealtimes for adults with cancer in a hematology-oncology setting: an evidence-based implementation project
Authors: Naseer Benazir , Tan Solano S.G. , Ramli Seri S. , Ang Emily 
Published: April 2017

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Background:
Patients with cancer are often at risk or suffer from some form of malnutrition, which could be attributed to their disease progression or the adverse effects of cancer treatment. Protected mealtime and offering assistance during mealtime may not improve their nutritional status but would allow them to enjoy their meal and improve patient satisfaction.

Objectives:
The aim of this project was to promote best practice in protecting mealtimes in hematology-oncology patients.

Methods:
The current project adopted a clinical audit methodology using the Joanna Briggs Institute Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System tool. Four audit criteria that represent best practice recommendations for protected mealtimes were used. A pre-implementation audit was conducted followed by introduction of multiple interventions identified from the Getting Research into Practice analysis. A post implementation audit was conducted to determine the change of practice. In addition, a sustaining audit was conducted at six months after implementing the follow-up plan.

Results:
The four criteria showed an improvement: nurses ensured a pleasant eating environment around the patient cubicle (from 43% to 93% compliance), all nurses received education on mealtime care (no change – 100% sustenance), nurses conducted an assessment of the patients on admission on their ability to eat (from 95% to 100% compliance) and minimized unnecessary clinical interventions during mealtimes (92% to 89% compliance). The decline of 3% in the compliance rate of the last criterion could be attributed to the high turnover of patients during the post implementation audit period. The post implementation results at six months showed audit results being sustained at 100% compliance in all criteria.

Conclusion:
The results of this project demonstrated that improvement in best practice is possible in a busy oncology ward in the presence of great leadership, teamwork, empowerment and role modeling.
Effectiveness of nurse-initiated interventions on patient outcomes in the emergency department: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Burgess Luke , Kynoch Kate 
Published: April 2017

Review question/objective:The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-initiated interventions (NIIs) on patient outcomes in the emergency department (ED).More specifically, the objectives are to identify the effectiveness of NIIs, including but not limited to, nurse-initiated medications, nurse-initiated intravenous fluid therapy and nurse-initiated pathology on patient waiting time, time to treatment, length of stay, pain levels, symptom relief, patient satisfaction, leave without being seen rates and mortality rates in ED settings.
Clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of community-based management of chronic hepatitis C: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
Authors: Pourmarzi Davoud , Hall Lisa , Rahman Tony , Lim David , FitzGerald Gerard 
Published: April 2017

Review question/objective:
The current mixed methods review aims to develop an aggregated synthesis of quantitative, qualitative and economic systematic evidence on chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection management intervention delivered in community settings so as to gain an increased understanding of the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of community-based chronic HCV management. This review will contribute to the development of a community-based chronic HCV intervention and inform clinical practice and policy discussion.
The overarching question is: What is the clinical effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of community-based programs for chronic HCV management?
The sub-questions to be addressed in the review are:What is the clinical effectiveness (proportion of antiviral treatment completion and sustained virologic response) of the community-based chronic HCV management programs?What is the acceptability (treatment uptake, adherence, engagement and satisfaction) of community-based chronic HCV management programs from the perspective of involved patients?How are the models funded and are they cost-effective?What are the organizational and operational elements of the models of community-based chronic HCV management?
Teaching and learning theories, and teaching methods used in postgraduate education in the health sciences: a scoping review protocol
Authors: McInerney Patricia A. , Green-Thompson Lionel P. 
Published: April 2017

Review objectives/questions:
The objective of this scoping review is to determine the theories of teaching and learning, and/or models and/or methods used in teaching in postgraduate education in the health sciences. The longer term objective is to use the information gathered to design a workshop for teachers of postgraduate students.
The question that this review seeks to answer is: what theories of teaching and learning, and/or models and/or methods of teaching are used in postgraduate teaching?
Dynamic Green's Functions and Integral Equations for a
Double-Porosity Dual-Permeability Poroelastic Material
Authors: Zheng Pei , Cheng Alexander H.-D. , Li Haolin 
Published: April 2017

Abstract
Geomaterials such as sedimentary rocks often contain fissures and cracks. Such secondary porosity will result in the so-called mesoscopic flow in wave propagation. Its presence is increasingly believed to be responsible for the significant wave energy loss in the seismic frequency band. In the present research, the double-porosity dual-permeability model is employed to describe such phenomena. Based on the model, we derive both the three-dimensional (3D) and two-dimensional (2D) dynamic Green's functions for the infinite space. The existence of reciprocity relation is demonstrated, which is used to deduce some interesting relations among Green's functions. These relations can serve as a consistency check on the obtained results. The Somigliana-type integral equations, the basis for the boundary element method (BEM), are also established. The complete list of Green's functions appearing in the integral equations is provided, which enables numerical implementation. Furthermore, the asymptotic behavior of the obtained solutions is discussed.
Ethambutol Is Cleared by a Contemporary High-Flux Hemodialyzer, and Drug Monitoring Ensures Safety and Therapeutic Effect
Authors: Chew Rusheng , Jongbloed Sarah , Jegatheesan Dev , Healy Helen , Ta Kim , Ungerer Jacobus , McWhinney Brett , Donovan Peter , Woods Marion L. 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT
It is uncertain, given the lack of recent data and the inconclusive nature of previous data, whether ethambutol is cleared by hemodialysis using contemporary dialyzers. We measured serum ethambutol concentrations before, during, and 1 h after hemodialysis in a 75-year-old Caucasian man receiving ethambutol for disseminated Bacille Calmette-Guérin infection. There was a mean 41% decrease in serum ethambutol concentration during dialysis, confirming the hemodialyzability of ethambutol and the utility of drug monitoring in ensuring safety.
Salicylidene Acylhydrazides and Hydroxyquinolines Act as Inhibitors of Type Three Secretion Systems in Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Distinct Mechanisms
Authors: Anantharajah Ahalieyah , Buyck Julien M. , Sundin Charlotta , Tulkens Paul M. , Mingeot-Leclercq Marie-Paule , Van Bambeke Françoise 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACT

Type 3 secretion systems (T3SSs) are major virulence factors in Gram-negative bacteria.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
expresses two T3SSs, namely, an injectisome (iT3SS) translocating effector proteins in the host cell cytosol and a flagellum (fT3SS) ensuring bacterial motility. Inhibiting these systems is an appealing therapeutic strategy for acute infections. This study examines the protective effects of the salicylidene acylhydrazide INP0341 and of the hydroxyquinoline INP1750 (previously described as T3SS inhibitors in other species) toward cytotoxic effects of
P. aeruginosa
in vitro
. Both compounds reduced cell necrosis and inflammasome activation induced by reference strains or clinical isolates expressing T3SS toxins or only the translocation apparatus. INP0341 inhibited iT3SS transcriptional activation, including in strains with constitutive iT3SS expression, and reduced the total expression of toxins, suggesting it targets iT3SS gene transcription. INP1750 inhibited toxin secretion and flagellar motility and impaired the activity of the YscN ATPase from
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis
(homologous to the ATPase present in the basal body of
P. aeruginosa
iT3SS and fT3SS), suggesting that it rather targets a T3SS core constituent with high homology among iT3SS and fT3SS. This mode of action is similar to that previously described for INP1855, another hydroxyquinoline, against
P. aeruginosa
. Thus, although acting by different mechanisms, INP0341 and INP1750 appear as useful inhibitors of the virulence of
P. aeruginosa
. Hydroxyquinolines may have a broader spectrum of activity by the fact they act upon two virulence factors (iT3SS and fT3SS).
Cyclic AMP-Elevating Capacity of Adenylate Cyclase Toxin-Hemolysin Is Sufficient for Lung Infection but Not for Full Virulence of Bordetella pertussis
Authors: Skopova Karolina , Tomalova Barbora , Kanchev Ivan , Rossmann Pavel , Svedova Martina , Adkins Irena , Bibova Ilona , Tomala Jakub , Masin Jiri , Guiso Nicole , Osicka Radim , Sedlacek Radislav , Kovar Marek , Sebo Peter 
Published: April 2017

ABSTRACTThe adenylate cyclase toxin-hemolysin (CyaA, ACT, or AC-Hly) ofBordetella pertussistargets phagocytic cells expressing the complement receptor 3 (CR3, Mac-1, αMβ2integrin, or CD11b/CD18). CyaA delivers into cells an N-terminal adenylyl cyclase (AC) enzyme domain that is activated by cytosolic calmodulin and catalyzes unregulated conversion of cellular ATP into cyclic AMP (cAMP), a key second messenger subverting bactericidal activities of phagocytes. In parallel, the hemolysin (Hly) moiety of CyaA forms cation-selective hemolytic pores that permeabilize target cell membranes. We constructed the firstB. pertussismutant secreting a CyaA toxin having an intact capacity to deliver the AC enzyme into CD11b-expressing (CD11b+) host phagocytes but impaired in formation of cell-permeabilizing pores and defective in cAMP elevation in CD11b−cells. The nonhemolytic AC+Hly−bacteria inhibited the antigen-presenting capacities of coincubated mouse dendritic cellsin vitroand skewed their Toll-like receptor (TLR)-triggered maturation toward a tolerogenic phenotype. The AC+Hly−mutant also infected mouse lungs as efficiently as the parental AC+Hly+strain. Hence, elevation of cAMP in CD11b−cells and/or the pore-forming capacity of CyaA were not required for infection of mouse airways. The latter activities were, however, involved in bacterial penetration across the epithelial layer, enhanced neutrophil influx into lung parenchyma during sublethal infections, and the exacerbated lung pathology and lethality ofB. pertussisinfections at higher inoculation doses (>107CFU/mouse). The pore-forming activity of CyaA further synergized with the cAMP-elevating activity in downregulation of major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) molecules on infiltrating myeloid cells, likely contributing to immune subversion of host defenses by the whooping cough agent.