bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety profiles and efficacy of infliximab therapy in Japanese patients with plaque psoriasis with or without psoriatic arthritis, pustular psoriasis or psoriatic erythroderma: Results from the prospective post‐marketing surveillance
Authors: Torii Hideshi , Terui Tadashi , Matsukawa Miyuki , Takesaki Kazumi , Ohtsuki Mamitaro , Nakagawa Hidemi ,   The Japanese Dermatological Association (JDA) PMS committee
Published: December 2015

AbstractA large‐scale prospective post‐marketing surveillance was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of infliximab in Japanese patients with plaque psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, pustular psoriasis and psoriatic erythroderma. This study was conducted in all psoriasis patients treated with infliximab after its Japanese regulatory approval. Infliximab was administrated at 5 mg/kg at weeks 0, 2 and 6, and every 8 weeks thereafter. Patients were serially enrolled and observed for 6 months to evaluate the safety and efficacy. The safety and efficacy were evaluated in 764 and 746 patients, respectively. Incidences of any and serious adverse drug reactions were 22.51% and 6.94%, respectively, and those of any and serious infusion reactions were 6.15% and 1.31%, respectively, which were comparable with the results in the post‐marketing surveillance with 5000 rheumatoid arthritis patients in Japan. Major adverse drug reactions during the follow‐up period were infections (5.10%) including pneumonia, cellulitis and herpes zoster, however, no tuberculosis was observed. The safety profiles were equivalent, regardless of the psoriasis types. No new safety problems were identified. The response rates on global improvement and median improvement rate of Psoriasis Area and Severity Index in all patients were 88.0% and 85.0%, respectively. Of note, the efficacy was equivalent for each psoriasis type as well as for each body region. Infliximab was also effective in pustular psoriasis symptoms, joint symptoms and nail psoriasis, as well as improvement of quality of life. Infliximab was confirmed to be highly effective and well tolerated in treating refractory psoriasis, including pustular psoriasis and psoriatic erythroderma.
Effect of topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor E6005 on Japanese children with atopic dermatitis: Results from a randomized, vehicle‐controlled exploratory trial
Authors: Nemoto Osamu , Hayashi Nobukazu , Kitahara Yasumi , Furue Masutaka , Hojo Seiichiro , Nomoto Maiko , Shima Satoshi ,   The Japanese E6005 Study Investigators
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis exploratory study was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy profile of the topical phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor E6005 in Japanese children with mild‐to‐moderate atopic dermatitis. The present randomized, multicenter study included 62 patients who were treated with 0.05% E6005, 0.2% E6005 or vehicle ointment twice daily for 2 weeks. Safety and pharmacokinetics were assessed with a focus on the occurrence of adverse events and the whole blood concentrations of E6005 and its metabolite. Exploratory efficacy evaluations included assessments of lesion severity and pruritus score. The 2‐week application of topical E6005 was safe and well tolerated with no cutaneous adverse events. The whole blood concentration of E6005 was quantified in only one subject receiving 0.2% E6005 treatment, while its major metabolite was undetectable. The 0.2% E6005 group showed a greater decrease in the severity score than the vehicle group (−45.94% vs −32.26%), although this difference was not statistically significant. Similarly, the treatment success rate according to the investigator's global assessment of the total application sites was higher in the 0.2% E6005 group than in the vehicle group (34.4% vs 20.0%). Moreover, the 0.2% E6005 group showed a greater decrease in the pruritus score than the vehicle group (−37.5% vs −6.7%) in a predefined subpopulation. The efficacy of 0.05% E6005 treatment was comparable to that of vehicle treatment. These results suggest that topical 0.2% E6005 treatment is safe and effective in children with atopic dermatitis, although further large confirmatory clinical trials are warranted.
What matters to women: a systematic scoping review to identify the processes and outcomes of antenatal care provision that are important to healthy pregnant women
Authors: Downe S , Finlayson K. , Tunçalp Ӧ , Metin Gülmezoglu A 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundGlobal uptake of antenatal care (ANC) varies widely and is influenced by the value women place on the service they receive. Identifying outcomes that matter to pregnant women could inform service design and improve uptake and effectiveness.ObjectivesTo undertake a systematic scoping review of what women want, need and value in pregnancy.Search strategyEight databases were searched (1994–2015) with no language restriction. Relevant journal contents were tracked via Zetoc.Data collection and analysisAn initial analytic framework was constructed with findings from 21 papers, using data‐mining techniques, and then developed using meta‐ethnographic approaches. The final framework was tested with 17 more papers.Main resultsAll continents except Australia were represented. A total of 1264 women were included. The final meta‐theme was: Women want and need a positive pregnancy experience, including four subthemes: maintaining physical and sociocultural normality; maintaining a healthy pregnancy for mother and baby (including preventing and treating risks, illness and death); effective transition to positive labour and birth; and achieving positive motherhood (including maternal self‐esteem, competence, autonomy). Findings informed a framework for future ANC provision, comprising three equally important domains: clinical practices (interventions and tests); relevant and timely information; and pyschosocial and emotional support; each provided by practitioners with good clinical and interpersonal skills within a high quality health system.ConclusionsA positive pregnancy experience matters across all cultural and sociodemographic contexts. ANC guidelines and services should be designed to deliver it, and those providing ANC services should be aware of it at each encounter with pregnant women.Tweetable abstractWomen around the world want ANC staff and services to help them achieve a positive pregnancy experience.
Evaluating price transmission between global agricultural markets and consumer food price indices in the European Union
Authors: García‐Germán Sol , Bardají Isabel , Garrido Alberto 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis paper uses error correction models to evaluate the extent to and speed at which world agricultural commodity price movements affect consumer food prices in the European Union member states. We consider three types of world commodity price indices, each containing different commodities and weighting criteria. Results reveal a long‐run relationship between world agricultural commodity and consumer food prices in over half of the member states. Consumer prices in different member states and categories of member states respond differently to specific world price indices, suggesting that there are disparities in the structure and the efficiency of their food markets. The eurozone founders generally have lower transmission elasticities. This should be taken into account when predicting the impacts of extreme world price volatility and consumer food price rises, prompting governments to pay attention to the most vulnerable households.
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients with an Implantable Loop Recorder
Authors: Blaschke Florian , Lacour Philipp , Walter Thula , Wutzler Alexander , Huemer Martin , Parwani Abdul , Attanasio Philipp , Boldt Leif‐Hendrik , Markowski Marcus , Denecke Timm , Haverkamp Wilhelm 
Published: December 2015

BackgroundImplantable loop recorders (ILRs) allow continuous cardiac monitoring for 3–6 years and are a valuable tool for the investigation of syncopal episodes, palpitations, and atrial fibrillations as well as risk stratification after myocardial infarction. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with ILRs has been shown to be safe, the impact of ILRs on cardiac MRI image quality has not been investigated yet. Thus, we tested the diagnostic value of cardiac MRI in patients with various types of ILRs.MethodsTwo patients with an ILR and a clinical indication to assess myocardial burden of scarring and fibrosis or stress‐induced myocardial ischemia underwent cardiac MRI. Device interrogation was performed prior to, immediately after, and 3 months after cardiac MRI.ResultsThe post‐MRI follow‐ups revealed no change in programmed ILR parameters, sensing fidelity, and battery parameters. However, ILRs caused significant, uninterpretable hyperintensity artifacts in cardiac MRI.ConclusionsFurther clinical studies are warranted to investigate whether modified MRI techniques are helpful to eliminate imaging artifacts.
Significant other behavioural responses and patient chronic fatigue syndrome symptom fluctuations in the context of daily life: An experience sampling study
Authors: Band Rebecca , Barrowclough Christine , Emsley Richard , Machin Matthew , Wearden Alison J. 
Published: December 2015

ObjectiveSignificant other responses to patients’ symptoms are important for patient illness outcomes in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS/ME); negative responses have been associated with increased patient depression, whilst increased disability and fatigue have been associated with solicitous significant other responses. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between significant other responses and patient outcomes within the context of daily life.DesignExperience Sampling Methodology (ESM).MethodTwenty‐three patients with CFS/ME and their significant others were recruited from specialist CFS/ME services. Sixty momentary assessments, delivered using individual San Francisco Android Smartphones, were conducted over a period of 6 days. All participants reported on affect, dyadic contact, and significant other responses to the patient. Patients reported on symptom severity, disability, and activity management strategies.ResultsNegative significant other responses were associated with increased patient symptom severity and distress reported at the same momentary assessment; there was evidence of a potentially mediating role of concurrent distress on symptom severity. Patient‐perceived solicitous responses were associated with reduced patient activity and disability reported at the same momentary assessment. Lagged analyses indicate that momentary associations between significant other responses and patient outcomes are largely transitory; significant other responses were not associated with any of the patient outcomes at the subsequent assessment.ConclusionThe results indicate that significant other responses are important influences on the day‐to‐day experience of CFS/ME. Further research examining patient outcomes in association with specific significant other behavioural responses is warranted and future interventions that target such significant other behaviours may be beneficial.
Statement of contributionWhat is already known on this subject?
The existing literature has identified that significant other responses are important with respect to patient outcomes in CFS/ME. In particular, when examined cross‐sectionally and longitudinally, negative and solicitous significant other responses are associated with poorer illness outcomes. This study is the first to examine the momentary associations between negative and solicitous responses, as reported by the patient and significant other, and patient‐reported outcomes. An ESM paradigm was used to assess these temporal relationships within the context of participants’ daily life.What does this study add?

Negative responses were associated with increased momentary patient distress and symptoms.

Perceived solicitousness was associated with activity limitation but less perceived disability.

The impact of significant other responses on patient outcomes was found to be transitory.
Network training for a boy with learning disabilities and behaviours that challenge
Authors: Cooper Kate , McElwee Jennifer 
Published: December 2015

Accessible summary

Network Training is a way that helps people to understand behaviour like hurting people or breaking things, called ‘challenging behaviour’.

Network Training is where lots of people meet up to think about the person showing challenging behaviour.

We did Network Training to help understand the behaviours of a boy who has a learning disability. His support workers, teachers and doctors came to think about what was making him show challenging behaviours.

The people who came to the training thought that it was useful.

AbstractBackground: Network Training is an intervention that draws upon systemic ideas and behavioural principles to promote positive change in networks of support for people defined as having a learning disability. To date, there are no published case studies looking at the outcomes of Network Training.Materials and Methods: This study aimed to investigate the impact of Network Training on a network of support for a boy labelled as having learning disabilities and challenging behaviour, including sexually harmful behaviour. Participants in the Network training completed two questionnaires; one designed for this study and The Challenging Behaviours Attributions Scale at two baseline points and following the intervention.Results: Network Training led to positive changes in the confidence, understanding, strengths focus and joint working of the individual's network. There was no significant change in participants' CHABA scores.Conclusion: This case study provides preliminary evidence that Network Training may be of benefit to children labelled as having learning disabilities, and merits further investigation.
Piperacillin‐tazobactam vs. imipenem‐cilastatin as empirical therapy in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients with febrile neutropenia
Authors: Jing Yu , Li Jian , Yuan Lei , Zhao Xiaoli , Wang Quanshun , Yu Li , Zhou Daobin , Huang Wenrong 
Published: December 2015

AbstractThis randomized, dual‐center study compared the efficacy and safety of piperacillin‐tazobactam (PTZ) and imipenem‐cilastatin (IMP) in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients with febrile neutropenia. HSCT recipients with febrile neutropenia were randomized into two groups receiving either PTZ or IMP as initial empiric antibiotic. Endpoints were defervescence rate after empiric antibiotic for 48 h, success at end of therapy, and side effects. Defervescence within 48 h after empiric antibiotic was observed in 46 patients with PTZ (75.4%) and 59 patients with IMP (95.2%) (p = 0.002). Ten patients (10/46) in the PTZ group and two patients (2/59) in the IMP group switched empiric antibiotics due to recurrent fever (p = 0.005). Success of initial antibiotic with modification was achieved in 34 patients with PTZ (55.7%) and 53 patients with IMP (85.5%) at the end of therapy (p = 0.001). To treat the bacteremia, seven of 10 patients in the PTZ group and one of eight patients in the IMP group needed to switch the empiric antibiotic (p = 0.025). Compared with PTZ, IMP had more gastrointestinal adverse events (p = 0.045). This study demonstrates that IMP had better efficacy than PTZ as an empiric antibiotic for febrile neutropenia in the HSCT setting, but with more gastrointestinal side reactions.
Can Institutional Reforms Reduce Corruption? Economic Theory and Patron–Client Politics in Developing Countries
Authors: Uberti Luca J. 
Published: December 2015

ABSTRACTThe ‘anti‐corruption consensus’ of the dominant development paradigm sees corruption as a governance failure and maintains that graft can be reduced or eradicated through appropriate institutional reforms, such as strengthening the judiciary, designing corruption‐proof regulatory regimes, and establishing anti‐corruption agencies. This article aims to cast doubt on the theoretical rationale of this family of anti‐corruption interventions. The neo‐classical paradigm that informs the consensus is based on a set of unsatisfactory idealizations, which undermine the explanatory power of mainstream economic models of corruption. Drawing on insights from economic sociology and anthropology, the article develops an account of the relationship between corruption, cultural norms and patron–client politics in developing countries. This account shows that corruption is embedded in socio‐cultural structures that are endemic to the process of transition to industrial capitalism — a transition that all developing countries are arguably undergoing, however haltingly. This insight clarifies the theoretical limitations of mainstream corruption economics and provides a framework for constructing more empirically adequate explanations of corruption levels in specific countries. It also suggests that substantially reducing, let alone eradicating, corruption in the developing world may not be possible without fundamentally rethinking the existing set of anti‐corruption strategies and techniques.
“There Is No Substitute for a Sense of Reality”: Humanizing the Humanities
Authors: Laverty Megan J. 
Published: December 2015

AbstractDo the humanities have a future? In the face of an increased emphasis on the so‐called practical applicability of education, some educators worry that the presence of humanistic study in schools and universities is gravely threatened. In the short‐term, scholars have rallied to defend the humanities by demonstrating how they do, in fact, advance our practical interests. Martha Nussbaum, for example, argues that the humanities uniquely support democratic citizenship by cultivating critical thinking and narrative imagination — two skills needed for the development of sympathetic and autonomous judgment. Defending the humanities in this manner, however, puts practitioners of the humanities in an impossible position. In this essay, Megan Laverty explains that while arguments such as Nussbaum's, which defend the instrumental value of the humanities, are persuasive and strategic, their use is double‐edged. They belie the fact that the humanities are valuable for their own sake. Such arguments imply that the humanities derive their value from their ability to provide extrinsic benefits such as critical thinking and narrative imagination. Moreover, they can prevent individuals from discovering that the value of the humanities is revealed over time and from the inside out. In fact, having to answer the question of why the humanities matter puts us in an impossible position precisely because humanistic study is what Laverty describes, drawing upon the work of Talbot Brewer and R. F. Holland, as a form of dialectical activity: one in which the activity's constitutive ideals and internal goods are progressively clarified by means of the individual's ongoing engagement in the activity itself. Having redescribed the humanities as intrinsically valuable, Laverty goes on to distinguish humanistic study from other forms of dialectical activity, arguing that the humanities call upon students to imagine alternative linguistic and conceptual possibilities — thereby connecting us with others. It is in the pursuit of this question about the nature of our humanity — not its answer, but the question itself — that the meaning of humanistic study continues, indefinitely, to unfold.
Preparing Educational Researchers: The Role of Self‐Doubt
Authors: Kerdeman Deborah 
Published: December 2015

AbstractEducational scholars concur that research preparation courses should engage doctoral students with methodological differences and epistemological controversies. Mary Metz and Nancy Lesko recently published articles describing how courses guided by this aim engender self‐doubt for students. Neither scholar is entirely convinced that self‐doubt is educationally productive. Drawing on Hans‐Georg Gadamer's notion of Bildung, Deborah Kerdeman reframes the view of self‐doubt that Metz and Lesko assume and shows why self‐doubt can be transformative. Gadamer's argument regarding self‐doubt challenges constructivist views of agency and also demonstrates that engaging with difference is necessary for new understanding to emerge through conversation. Kerdeman concludes by considering why engaging in Bildung helps doctoral students become good educational researchers and why cultivating Bildung should therefore be an aim of research preparation courses that engage students with methodological differences and epistemological controversies.
Educational Research: The Importance of the Humanities
Authors: Smith Richard 
Published: December 2015

AbstractIt is one sign of the lack of understanding of the value of the humanities, to educational research and inquiry as well as to our world more widely, that such justifications of them as are offered frequently take a crudely instrumental form. The humanities (which in this essay are not distinguished from the arts) are welcomed insofar as they are beneficial to the economy, for example, or play a therapeutic role in people's physical or mental well‐being. In higher education in the UK, they are marginalized for similar reasons, on the grounds that they neither appeal to the lucrative overseas student market nor constitute a significant source of grant income from research councils, industry, or other funding sources. While their place in educational research is still defended in many quarters, the increasing demand that research should have “impact” can leave the humanities appearing ineffectual. Furthermore, the very idea of research is widely taken to mandate empiricist and “scientific” approaches. Although there are no easy solutions to this state of things, Richard Smith argues in this essay that those of us who value the humanities in and for themselves might adopt two approaches in particular: to pursue vigilant criticism of the rampant instrumentalism and scientism of our time, and to emphasize the importance of that distinctive feature of humane inquiry: interpretation.
Diagnosis of lumbosacral intervertebral disc disease and protrusion in a horse using ultrasonographic evaluation and computed tomography
Authors: Krueger C. R. , Gold J. , Barrett M. F. , Aboellail T. A. 
Published: December 2015

SummaryThis case report describes the clinical presentation, diagnostic imaging modalities, treatment andpost mortemevaluation of lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion in a mature Quarter Horse gelding 10 days after initial signs were noted.Grade 3hindlimb ataxia, conscious proprioceptive deficits, urinary and faecal incontinence were present, which did not improve with anti‐inflammatories, antimicrobial therapy, corticosteroids, antioxidant therapy, cold‐laser therapy or electroacupuncture. Imaging modalities utilisedante mortemwere computed radiography, transcutaneous and transrectal ultrasonography. Transrectal ultrasonography yielded findings highly suggestive of lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion and due to the lack of improvement and a poor prognosis, the horse was humanely subjected to euthanasia.Post mortemcomputed tomography, necropsy and histopathological evaluation confirmed lumbosacral intervertebral disc disease and protrusion into the spinal canal with subsequent impingement of the spinal nerve roots. Lumbosacral intervertebral disc protrusion as a clinical disease in the horse has not been previously described and should be included as a differential diagnosis in cases with acute hindlimb ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, and urinary and faecal incontinence.