bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potential misdiagnosis of dysfibrinogenaemia: Data from multicentre studies amongst UK NEQAS and PRO‐RBDD project laboratories
Authors: Jennings I. , Kitchen S. , Menegatti M. , Palla R. , Walker I. , Peyvandi F. , Makris M. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIntroductionMutations in fibrinogen (Fgn) genes, causing dysfibrinogenaemia, can result in either a bleeding or thrombophilic diathesis. Dysfibrinogenaemia is infrequently encountered in hospital laboratories, and the utility of different assays in the diagnosis of dysfibrinogenaemia has not previously been explored in a multicentre study. We describe here an exercise in which PRO‐RBDD project (prospective data collection on patients with fibrinogen and Factor XIII deficiencies) centres, and UK NEQAS centres, performed investigations for dysfibrinogenaemia.MethodsSamples from donors with dysfibrinogenaemia (sample 1: gamma p.Arg301Cys, sample 2: Bbeta166Arg3Cys—Fgn Longmont, sample 3: Aalpha p.Arg35His) and a normal donor were sent to laboratories for investigation for possible dysfibrinogenaemia. Median, coefficient of variation and range were determined for each assay method.ResultsResults were returned from 62 UK NEQAS and 24 PRO‐RBDD centres. PT, APTT, Clauss fibrinogen and thrombin times were performed by >90% of centres, with 51% performing reptilase times, and 31% fibrinogen antigen. All centres identified samples 1 and 3 as abnormal. However, 39% of centres reported a normal or raised fibrinogen for the Fgn Longmont sample, and marked differences in Clauss fibrinogen results with different reagents were noted for this sample (median 1.01 g/L vs 5.10 g/L for the two mostly widely used reagents).ConclusionIn‐house studies suggest that the method of detection of fibrin clot formation may result in different Clauss fibrinogen measurements with FgnLongmont plasma. It is possible that some widely used methodologies, both using optical and mechanical end‐point detection systems, will fail to detect this rare fibrinogen variant.
Programmed death 1 is highly expressed on CD8+CD57+ T cells in patients with stable multiple sclerosis and inhibits their cytotoxic response to Epstein–Barr virus
Authors: Cencioni Maria T. , Magliozzi Roberta , Nicholas Richard , Ali Rehiana , Malik Omar , Reynolds Richard , Borsellino Giovanna , Battistini Luca , Muraro Paolo A. 
Published: August 2017

SummaryGrowing evidence points to a deregulated response to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in the central nervous system of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) as a possible cause of disease. We have investigated the response of a subpopulation of effector CD8+ T cells to EBV in 36 healthy donors and in 35 patients with MS in active and inactive disease. We have measured the expression of markers of degranulation, the release of cytokines, cytotoxicity and the regulation of effector functions by inhibitory receptors, such as programmed death 1 (PD‐1) and human inhibitor receptor immunoglobulin‐like transcript 2 (ILT2). We demonstrate that polyfunctional cytotoxic CD8+ CD57+ T cells are able to kill EBV‐infected cells in healthy donors. In contrast, an anergic exhaustion‐like phenotype of CD8+ CD57+ T cells with high expression of PD‐1 was observed in inactive patients with MS compared with active patients with MS or healthy donors. Detection of CD8+ CD57+ T cells in meningeal inflammatory infiltrates from post‐mortem MS tissue confirmed the association of this cell phenotype with the disease pathological process. The overall results suggest that ineffective immune control of EBV in patietns with MS during remission may be one factor preceding and enabling the reactivation of the virus in the central nervous system and may cause exacerbation of the disease.
Trials of a Statistician
Authors: Langkjær-Bain Robert 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
Andreas Georgiou arrived in Greece to help repair the poor reputation of the country's economic statistics. But he was soon defending his own reputation against charges of damaging the Greek state. As his plight continues, Robert Langkjær-Bain interviews Georgiou and other statisticians who have fought for the independence of their data
Surprise, Surprise! (again) The 2017 British General Election Exit Poll
Authors: Curtice John , Fisher Stephen , Kuha Jouni , Mellon Jonathan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
While most pollsters and pundits expected the Conservatives to win an increased majority in Britain's June election, the election day exit poll forecast something different. John Curtice, Stephen Fisher, Jouni Kuha and Jonathan Mellon explain how the poll works, and why it made the right call
Decreased hippocampal brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and impaired cognitive function by hypoglossal nerve transection in rats
Authors: Kim Doyun , Chung Sena , Lee Seung‐Hyun , Choi Se‐Young , Kim Soung‐Min , Koo JaeHyung , Lee Jong‐Ho , Jahng Jeong Won 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe hypoglossal nerve controls tongue movements, and damages of it result in difficulty in mastication and food intake. Mastication has been reported to maintain hippocampus‐dependent cognitive function. This study was conducted to examine the effect of tongue motor loss on the hippocampus‐dependent cognitive function and its underlying mechanism. Male Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to the initial training of Morris water maze task before or after the bilateral transection of hypoglossal nerves (Hx). When the initial training was given before the surgery, the target quadrant dwelling time during the probe test performed at a week after the surgery was significantly reduced in Hx rats relative to sham‐operated controls. When the initial training was given after the surgery, Hx affected the initial and reversal trainings and probe tests. Brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, cell numbers and long‐term potentiation (LTP) were examined in the hippocampus on the 10th day, and BrdU and doublecortin staining on the 14th day, after the surgery. Hx decreased the hippocampal BDNF and cells in the CA1/CA3 regions and impaired LTP. BrdU and doublecortin staining was decreased in the dentate gyrus of Hx rats. Results suggest that tongue motor loss impairs hippocampus‐dependent cognitive function, and decreased BDNF expression in the hippocampus may be implicated in its underlying molecular mechanism in relation with decreased neurogenesis/proliferation and impaired LTP.
Echinacoside's nigrostriatal dopaminergic protection against 6‐OHDA‐Induced endoplasmic reticulum stress through reducing the accumulation of Seipin
Authors: Zhang Yajie , Long Hongyan , Zhou Fuqiong , Zhu Weina , Ruan Jie , Zhao Yang , Lu Yan 
Published: August 2017

AbstractParkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Recent epidemiological studies suggest that echinacoside (ECH), a phenylethanoid glycoside found in Cistanche deserticola, has a protective effect against the development of PD. However, the detailed mechanisms of how ECH suppresses neuronal death have not been fully elucidated. In this study, we confirmed that ECH protects nigrostriatal neurons against 6‐hydroxydopamine (6‐OHDA)‐induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in vivo and in vitro. ECH rescued cell viability in damaged cells and decreased 6‐OHDA‐induced reactive oxygen species accumulation in vitro. It also rescued tyrosine hydroxylase and dopamine transporter expression in the striatum, and decreased α‐synuclein aggregation following 6‐OHDA treatment in vivo. The validated mechanism of ECH activity was the reduction in the 6‐OHDA‐induced accumulation of seipin (Berardinelli–Seip congenital lipodystrophy 2). Seipin has been shown to be a key molecule related to motor neuron disease and was tightly associated with ERS in a series of in vivo studies. ECH attenuated seipinopathy by promoting seipin degradation via ubiquitination. ERS was relieved by ECH through the Grp94/Bip‐ATF4‐CHOP signal pathway.
Relationship between tooth loss and peripheral arterial disease among women
Authors: Muñoz‐Torres Francisco J. , Mukamal Kenneth J. , Pai Jennifer K. , Willett Walter , Joshipura Kaumudi J. 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAimWe assessed the longitudinal association between tooth loss and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) within the Nurses' Health Study.Materials and MethodsAfter excluding participants with prior cardiovascular diseases, 277 of 79,663 women were confirmed as PAD cases during 16 years of follow‐up. Number of teeth and recent tooth loss were reported initially in 1992. Subsequent tooth loss was recorded in 1996 and in 2000. We evaluated the associations of baseline number of teeth and recent tooth loss with risk of PAD, adjusting for age, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, aspirin use, family history of myocardial infarction, BMI, alcohol consumption, physical activity, postmenopausal hormone use, and use of vitamin E, vitamin D, multivitamin and calcium.ResultsIncident tooth loss during follow‐up was significantly associated with higher hazard of PAD (HR = 1.31 95% CI: 1.00–1.71). However, the association appeared inverse among never smokers. There was no dose–response relationship between baseline number of teeth and PAD.ConclusionsTooth loss showed a modest association with PAD, but no dose–response relationship was observed.
Accelerated oligosaccharide absorption and altered serum metabolites during oral glucose tolerance test in young Japanese with impaired glucose tolerance
Authors: Miki Takashi , Lee Eun Young , Eguchi Akifumi , Sakurai Kenichi , Sawabe Yuji , Yoshida Tomohiko , Saito Keiko , Yokoh Hidetaka , Ishikawa Ko , Yokote Koutaro , Kuzuya Takeshi , Miki Eishi , Mori Chisato , Nomura Fumio 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionImpaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a subtype of prediabetes, a condition having high risk for development to diabetes mellitus, but its pathophysiology is not fully understood. In the present study, we examined metabolic changes in IGT by using two types (D‐glucose [Glc] and partial hydrolysate of starch [PHS]) of oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs), with emphasis on serum incretins and metabolites.Materials and MethodsWe carried out the two types of OGTT (Glc/OGTT and PHS/OGTT) in 99 young Japanese individuals who had tested either positive (GU+; n = 48) or negative (GU−; n = 51) for glycosuria. After OGTT, they were sub‐grouped into five categories: normal glucose tolerance (NGT) in the GU− group (GU−/NGT; n = 49), NGT in the GU+ group (GU+/NGT; n = 28), IGT (n = 12), diabetes mellitus (n = 1) and renal glycosuria (n = 9). Serum incretin and metabolites of GU−/NGT and IGT were then measured.ResultsWhen the serum insulin level at each time‐point during PHS/OGTT was expressed as its ratio relative to Glc/OGTT, it was increased time‐dependently in GU−/NGT, but not in IGT. Such an increase in the ratio was also detected of serum incretin levels in GU−/NGT, but not in IGT, suggesting a lack of deceleration of oligosaccharide absorption in IGT. Metabolome analysis showed a difference in the serum levels of two metabolites of unknown function in mammals, methylcysteine and sedoheptulose 1,7‐bisphosphate, between GU−/NGT and IGT.ConclusionsComparison of PHS/OGTT and Glc/OGTT showed that oligosaccharide absorption was accelerated in IGT. Methylcysteine and sedoheptulose 1,7‐bisphosphate could be novel markers for dysregulated glucose metabolism.
Pancreatic fat content assessed by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy is correlated with insulin resistance, but not with insulin secretion, in Japanese individuals with normal glucose tolerance
Authors: Komada Hisako , Sakaguchi Kazuhiko , Hirota Yushi , Sou Anna , Nakamura Tomoaki , Kyotani Katsusuke , Kawamitsu Hideaki , Sugimura Kazuro , Okuno Yoko , Ogawa Wataru 
Published: August 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionWhereas some clinical studies have shown that excessive fat accumulation in the pancreas is associated with impairment of insulin secretion, others have not found such an association. 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy allows quantitative fat analysis in various tissues including the pancreas. The pathological relevance of pancreatic fat content (PFC) in Japanese individuals remains unclear, however.Materials and MethodsWe analyzed PFC in 30 Japanese individuals with normal glucose tolerance by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and then investigated the relationships between PFC and indexes of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity‐resistance determined by an oral glucose tolerance test. We also measured hepatic fat content and intramyocellular lipid content by 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as visceral fat area and subcutaneous fat area by magnetic resonance imaging, and we examined the relationships between these fat content measures and oral glucose tolerance test‐derived parameters.ResultsPFC was correlated with indexes of insulin sensitivity‐resistance, but not with those of insulin secretion. Hepatic fat content and visceral fat area were correlated with similar sets of parameters as was PFC, whereas subcutaneous fat area was correlated with parameters of insulin secretion, and intramyocellular lipid content was not correlated with any of the measured parameters. The correlation between PFC and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance remained significant after adjustment for age, body mass index and sex. Among fat content measures, PFC was most highly correlated with hepatic fat content and visceral fat area.ConclusionsPFC was correlated with indexes of insulin resistance, but not with those of insulin secretion in non‐obese Japanese individuals with normal glucose tolerance.
Efficacy and safety of nortriptyline in functional dyspepsia in Asians: A randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Kaosombatwattana Uayporn , Pongprasobchai Supot , Limsrivilai Julajak , Maneerattanaporn Monthira , Leelakusolvong Somchai , Tanwandee Tawesak 
Published: August 2017

AbstractBackground and AimCurrent treatments of functional dyspepsia (FD) are unsatisfied. Tricyclic antidepressants alter visceral hypersensitivity and brain–gut interaction. We assessed the efficacy and safety of nortriptyline in patients with FD.MethodsPatients diagnosed with FD according to Rome III criteria who failed to respond to proton pump inhibitor and prokinetic treatment were randomly assigned to either once daily 10‐mg nortriptyline or placebo. The primary endpoint was the rate of responders defined as > 50% reduction in dyspepsia symptom score after 8 weeks of treatment. The secondary endpoints were improvement in quality of life as assessed by 36‐Item Short Form Health Survey score and safety.ResultsSixty‐one patients (nortriptyline 28 and placebo 33) were enrolled. Dyspepsia symptom score and duration of symptoms were balanced at entry between both groups. Eight and seven patients in nortriptyline and placebo groups were lost to follow up. Seven patients withdrew due to mild adverse events (nortriptyline 1 and placebo 6). Overall, 19 with nortriptyline and 20 with placebo completed the study. Patients receiving nortriptyline did not achieve higher response rate than those in placebo in both intention‐to‐treat (53.6% vs 57.6%, P = 0.75) and per‐protocol (76.5% vs 73.7%, P = 1.00) analyses. Nortriptyline did not provide improvement in quality of life. The mean difference was 3.8 (P = 0.36) and 0.88 (P = 0.86) by intention‐to‐treat and 2.9 (P = 0.57) and 3.5 (P = 0.57) by per‐protocol analyses in physical and mental component, respectively. All adverse events were minor and similar in both groups.ConclusionNortriptyline was not superior to placebo in management of patients with FD.
Sex Differences in Contraception Non‐Use Among Urban Adolescents: Risk Factors for Unintended Pregnancy
Authors: Casola Allison R. , Nelson Deborah B. , Patterson Freda 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDContraception non‐use among sexually active adolescents is a major cause of unintended pregnancy (UP).METHODSIn this cross‐sectional study we sought to identify overall and sex‐specific correlates of contraception non‐use using the 2015 Philadelphia Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) (N = 9540). Multivariate regression models were used to examine mental health, sexual activity, substance use, and violence indicators on reported contraception non‐use among sexually active youth.RESULTSMarijuana use among boys and girls was a statistically significant risk factor for contraception non‐use. Availability of illegal drugs on school property in the past year was also significantly related to contraception non‐use among boys.CONCLUSIONSThese results may inform overall and sex‐specific adolescent programs to promote consistent contraception use among urban youth within school‐based communities.
Flavored Milk Consumers Drank More Milk and Had a Higher Prevalence of Meeting Calcium Recommendation Than Nonconsumers
Authors: Nicklas Theresa A. , O'Neil Carol , Fulgoni Victor 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDSome schools are removing flavored milk because of the perception that it negatively impacts children's overall diet. This study assessed the contribution of flavored milk to their diets.METHODSIndividual usual intakes (IUI) were calculated from 24‐hour dietary recalls of children 2‐18 years (N = 20,329) participating in National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001‐2012. IUI of >0.25 cup equivalent of flavored dairy milk defined consumers (N = 3564; 56% boys). Covariate‐adjusted regression analyses using appropriate sample weights were calculated. Estimated Average Requirements (EAR) and Adequate Intakes (AI) determined the relation to dietary recommendations. Consumers were compared to nonconsumers (p ≤ .001).RESULTSFlavored milk consumers consumed more milk. Consumers aged 2‐3 years had higher mean added sugars intakes. Consumers aged between 2‐3 and 9‐13 years had a higher saturated fat (SFA) intake. Consumers aged 14‐18 years had higher percent energy from SFA. Consumers had a lower mean percentage of children meeting AI for fiber and a higher percentage meeting the EAR for calcium. Consumers aged 4‐8 and 9‐13 years had a higher mean percentage of children meeting the EAR for magnesium.CONCLUSIONSConsumption of flavored milk has the potential to increase milk consumption and reduce the percentage of children below the EAR for calcium; the percentage meeting AI for fiber was lower.
Acceptability of School‐Based Health Centers for Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Visits: A Mixed‐Methods Study
Authors: Hansen Caitlin E. , Okoloko Edirin , Ogunbajo Adedotun , North Anna , Niccolai Linda M. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDCountries with high human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination rates have achieved this success largely through school‐based vaccination. Using school‐based health centers (SBHCs) in the United States, where HPV vaccine remains underutilized, could improve uptake. In this mixed‐methods study, we examined acceptability, facilitators, and barriers of HPV vaccination visits at SBHCs from the perspectives of adolescents and parents.METHODSWe conducted qualitative interviews and structured surveys with adolescents and parents recruited from an urban, hospital‐based clinic. Interviews with parents (N = 20) and adolescents (N = 20) were audio‐recorded and transcribed for analysis using an iterative thematic approach. Quantitative measures for a survey administered to parents (N = 131) were derived from the qualitative findings. Survey results were analyzed by chi‐square tests.RESULTSMany participants expressed favorable opinions of HPV vaccination at SBHCs in qualitative interviews. Facilitators included convenience, ease of scheduling, and not missing work or school. However, barriers were noted including concerns about obtaining care outside the medical home, fragmentation of medical records, and negative perceptions about SBHCs. Quantitative findings revealed that a higher proportion of parents with experience using SBHCs were willing to use a middle school (59.5%) or high school (80.5%) SBHC for HPV vaccinations compared with those who had not used SBHCs (p < .05 for both comparisons).CONCLUSIONSHPV vaccination visits at SBHCs were acceptable, and SBHC users expressed more favorable attitudes. Barriers to HPV vaccination at SBHCs can be addressed through more education about SBHCs' role, and improvement of systems to coordinate care.
Chronic Childhood Trauma, Mental Health, Academic Achievement, and School‐Based Health Center Mental Health Services
Authors: Larson Satu , Chapman Susan , Spetz Joanne , Brindis Claire D. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDChildren and adolescents exposed to chronic trauma have a greater risk for mental health disorders and school failure. Children and adolescents of minority racial/ethnic groups and those living in poverty are at greater risk of exposure to trauma and less likely to have access to mental health services. School‐based health centers (SBHCs) may be one strategy to decrease health disparities.METHODSEmpirical studies between 2003 and 2013 of US pediatric populations and of US SBHCs were included if research was related to childhood trauma's effects, mental health care disparities, SBHC mental health services, or SBHC impact on academic achievement.RESULTSEight studies show a significant risk of mental health disorders and poor academic achievement when exposed to childhood trauma. Seven studies found significant disparities in pediatric mental health care in the US. Nine studies reviewed SBHC mental health service access, utilization, quality, funding, and impact on school achievement.CONCLUSIONExposure to chronic childhood trauma negatively impacts school achievement when mediated by mental health disorders. Disparities are common in pediatric mental health care in the United States. SBHC mental health services have some showed evidence of their ability to reduce, though not eradicate, mental health care disparities.
Nutrition Education and Body Mass Index in Grades K‐12: A Systematic Review
Authors: Price Cayla , Cohen Deborah , Pribis Peter , Cerami Jean 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDOverweight and obese body mass index (BMI) status affects an increasing number of children in the United States. The school setting has been identified as a focus area to implement obesity prevention programs.METHODSA database search of PubMed, Education Search Complete, and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was conducted for peer‐reviewed articles published between January 2005 and December 2015 pertaining to programs offered in the school setting to grades K‐12 in the United States with a nutrition education component and measured BMI percentile or BMI z‐score as an outcome.RESULTSSeven studies focused on elementary (K‐5) populations and 2 studies focused on grades 6‐8. Among the 9 identified studies, those with long‐term (greater than 1 year) implementation showed more pronounced results with positive impact on reducing overweight/obese BMI measures.CONCLUSIONSThis set of studies suggests that long‐term nutrition education delivered in the school setting can provide children with tools to attain a healthy weight status. Additional studies examining participants' BMI status years after the initial study, and studies examining programs in grades 9‐12 are needed to determine the most effective delivery time and methods.