bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hints for Hidden Planetary Companions to Hot Jupiters in Stellar Binaries
Authors: Hamers Adrian S. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
Searches for stellar companions to hot Jupiters (HJs) have revealed that planetary systems hosting an HJ are approximately three times more likely to have a stellar companion with a semimajor axis between 50 and 2000 au, compared to field stars. This correlation suggests that HJ formation is affected by the stellar binary companion. A potential model is high-eccentricity migration, in which the binary companion induces high-eccentricity Lidov–Kozai (LK) oscillations in the proto-HJ orbit, triggering orbital migration driven by tides. A pitfall of this “binary-LK” model is that the observed stellar binaries hosting HJs are typically too wide to produce HJs in sufficient numbers because of suppression by short-range forces. We propose a modification to the binary-LK model in which there is a second giant planet orbiting the proto-HJ at a semimajor axis of several tens of au. Such companions are currently hidden to observations, but their presence could be manifested by a propagation of the perturbation of the stellar binary companion inward to the proto-HJ, thereby overcoming the barrier imposed by short-range forces. Our model does not require the planetary companion orbit to be eccentric and/or inclined with respect to the proto-HJ, but its semimajor axis should lie in a specific range given the planetary mass and binary semimajor axis, and the inclination with respect to the binary should be near 40° or 140°. Our prediction for planetary companions to HJs in stellar binaries should be testable by future observations.
Interpreting the Strongly Lensed Supernova iPTF16geu: Time Delay Predictions, Microlensing, and Lensing Rates
Authors: More Anupreeta , Suyu Sherry H. , Oguri Masamune , More Surhud , Lee Chien-Hsiu 
Published: January 2017

Abstract
We present predictions for time delays between multiple images of the gravitationally lensed supernova, iPTF16geu, which was recently discovered from the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF). As the supernova is of Type Ia where the intrinsic luminosity is usually well known, accurately measured time delays of the multiple images could provide tight constraints on the Hubble constant. According to our lens mass models constrained by the Hubble Space Telescope F814W image, we expect the maximum relative time delay to be less than a day, which is consistent with the maximum of 100 hr reported by Goobar et al. but places a stringent upper limit. Furthermore, the fluxes of most of the supernova images depart from expected values suggesting that they are affected by microlensing. The microlensing timescales are small enough that they may pose significant problems to measure the time delays reliably. Our lensing rate calculation indicates that the occurrence of a lensed SN in iPTF is likely. However, the observed total magnification of iPTF16geu is larger than expected, given its redshift. This may be a further indication of ongoing microlensing in this system.
Impact of interleukin 28B rs12979860 C/T polymorphism on severity of disease and response to treatment in hepatitis delta
Authors: Ispiroglu Murat , Bahcecioglu Ibrahim Halil , Demirel Ulvi , Yalniz Mehmet 
Published: January 2017

Introduction: Pegylated-interferon alpha (Peg-IFN α) is the therapy most commonly used to treat chronic hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection. In the present study, we planned to investigate effect of IL28B polymorphism on response to Peg-IFN α therapy and disease progression in patients with chronic HDV. Methodology: A total of 47 patients who received Peg-IFNα therapy for at least one year were investigated. The patients were divided into three groups based on their response to treatment: sustained viral response (SVR) (32%), unresponsive (53%), and relapse (15%). The groups were compared in terms of age, gender, blood biochemistry (albumin, total bilirubin, lactic acid dehydrogenase, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT), complete blood count, HBeAg, HBsAg, HBV-DNA, HDV-RNA, IL28B genotypes (CC, CT, TT), and results of liver biopsy. Results: Regarding the investigation of IL28B genotype, the prevalence of CC, CT, and TT showed no difference among the three groups. In the SVR group, the prevalence of CC was 53%, CT was 47%, but there was no patient with TT. In the unresponsive group, prevalence of CC was 52%, CT was 32%, and TT was 16%. In the relapse group, prevalence of CC was 43%, CT was 57%, but there was no patient with TT genotype. No significant difference was found among the groups with sustained response, no response, and relapse in terms of CC and CT polymorphisms (p>0.05). Conclusions: No relationship was found between IL28B rs12979860 polymorphism and response to treatment and disease severity in patients with chronic HDV infection.
Imaging Findings of Ulceroglandular Tularemia
Authors: Anand Neil , Deochand Osmani , Murphy Robyn 
Published: January 2017

Francisella tularensis, the causative organism in Tularemia, is a relatively rare disease. There are a few radiological clues to elucidate its presence when suspicion arises. There should be strong consideration for Tularemia in the differential of any patient with its classic symptoms, diffuse cervical lymphadenopathy with evidence of necrosis, and enlarged adenoids. Ultrasound may demonstrate suppurative lymphadenopathy suggestive of infection, as in the case presented. CT often will demonstrate the extent of lymphadenopathy. On chest radiography, tularemia pneumonia is often the presenting finding, which may demonstrate bilateral or lobar infiltrates. Additionally, hilar lymphadenopathy and pleural effusions are often associated findings. Cavitary lesions may be present, which are better delineated on CT scan. We present a case of a 7-year-old male who presented with a painful right-sided palpable neck mass for 9 days, who was diagnosed with Tularemia after numerous admissions.
Validity of mathematical proportions in maxillary anterior teeth among Bangladeshi population
Authors: Aziz Monwarul , Hossain Md. Zakir 
Published: January 2017

ObjectiveTo investigate the existence and suitability of mathematical proportions between the widths of maxillary anterior teeth in Bangladeshi population having an esthetic smile, with the aid of digital photographs and computer analysis.Place of StudyThe study was conducted at the Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Dhaka.Period of StudyThe study was conducted from April 2016 to September 2016.Sample SelectionThe study samples collected from Students of Dhaka Dental College, Mirpur-14, Dhaka, Bangladesh, with age limit 18–35 years.Materials and MethodsStandardized frontal images of 100 dental students of Dhaka Dental College were captured. All the images were downloaded to a personal computer, and width of each tooth was measured by the scale tool of Photoshop CS version 8.0. All the data were analyzed (through standard statistical method) using Statistical Package for Social Science Software version 20 (IBM Corp., USA).ResultsThe golden proportion existed in 17% of the perceived width ratios of lateral incisor to central incisor and 4% of the width ratios of canine to lateral incisor in natural dentition. Sixty-six percent lateral incisors are following the golden percentage, but only 7% central incisors and 21% canines are following the golden percentage. The recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion existed in only 4% of participants.ConclusionsThe golden proportion, golden percentage, and the RED proportion cannot be used as constant proportions to create a harmonious proportion throughout the width of maxillary anterior teeth. The adjusted golden percentage might serve as a guideline to create harmonious proportions in maxillary anterior teeth for Bangladeshi population.
Time-varying changes in the simulated structure of the Brewer–Dobson Circulation
Authors: Garfinkel Chaim I. , Aquila Valentina , Waugh Darryn W. , Oman Luke D. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. A series of simulations using the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry Climate Model are analyzed in order to assess changes in the Brewer–Dobson Circulation (BDC) over the past 55 years. When trends are computed over the past 55 years, the BDC accelerates throughout the stratosphere, consistent with previous modeling results. However, over the second half of the simulations (i.e., since the late 1980s), the model simulates structural changes in the BDC as the temporal evolution of the BDC varies between regions in the stratosphere. In the mid-stratosphere in the midlatitude Northern Hemisphere, the BDC does not accelerate in the ensemble mean of our simulations despite increases in greenhouse gas concentrations and warming sea surface temperatures, and it even decelerates in one ensemble member. This deceleration is reminiscent of changes inferred from satellite instruments and in situ measurements. In contrast, the BDC in the lower stratosphere continues to accelerate. The main forcing agents for the recent slowdown in the mid-stratosphere appear to be declining ozone-depleting substance (ODS) concentrations and the timing of volcanic eruptions. Changes in both mean age of air and the tropical upwelling of the residual circulation indicate a lack of recent acceleration. We therefore clarify that the statement that is often made that climate models simulate a decreasing age throughout the stratosphere only applies over long time periods and is not necessarily the case for the past 25 years, when most tracer measurements were taken.
Aerosol optical depth thresholds as a tool to assess diffuse radiation fertilization of the land carbon uptake in China
Authors: Yue Xu , Unger Nadine 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. China suffers from frequent haze pollution episodes that alter the surface solar radiation and influence regional carbon uptake by the land biosphere. Here, we apply combined vegetation and radiation modeling and multiple observational datasets to assess the radiative effects of aerosol pollution in China on the regional land carbon uptake for the 2009–2011 period. First, we assess the inherent sensitivity of China's land biosphere to aerosol pollution by defining and calculating two thresholds of aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm, (i) AODt1, resulting in the maximum net primary productivity (NPP), and (ii) AODt2, such that if local AOD < AODt2, the aerosol diffuse fertilization effect (DFE) always promotes local NPP compared with aerosol-free conditions. Then, we apply the thresholds, satellite data, and interactive vegetation modeling to estimate current impacts of aerosol pollution on land ecosystems. In the northeast, observed AOD is 55 % lower than AODt1, indicating a strong aerosol DFE on local NPP. In the southeastern coastal regions, observed AOD is close to AODt1, suggesting that regional NPP is promoted by the current level of aerosol loading, but that further increases in AOD in this region will weaken the fertilization effects. The North China Plain experiences limited enhancement of NPP by aerosols because observed AOD is 77 % higher than AODt1 but 14 % lower than AODt2. Aerosols always inhibit regional NPP in the southwest because of the persistent high cloud coverage that already substantially reduces the total light availability there. Under clear-sky conditions, simulated NPP shows widespread increases of 20–60 % (35.0 ± 0.9 % on average) by aerosols. Under all-sky conditions, aerosol pollution has spatially contrasting opposite sign effects on NPP from −3 % to +6 % (1.6 ± 0.5 % on average), depending on the local AOD relative to the regional thresholds. Stringent aerosol pollution reductions motivated by public health concerns, especially in the North China Plain and the southwest, will help protect land ecosystem functioning in China and mitigate long-term global warming.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of atmospheric organosulfates in Centreville, Alabama
Authors: Hettiyadura Anusha P. S. , Jayarathne Thilina , Baumann Karsten , Goldstein Allen H. , de Gouw Joost A. , Koss Abigail , Keutsch Frank N. , Skog Kate , Stone Elizabeth A. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Organosulfates are components of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) that form from oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the presence of sulfate. In this study, the composition and abundance of organosulfates were determined in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) collected from Centreville, AL, during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) in summer 2013. Six organosulfates were quantified using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (TQD) against authentic standards. Among these, the three most abundant species were glycolic acid sulfate (0.5–52.5 ng m−3), lactic acid sulfate (0.5–36.7 ng m−3), and hydroxyacetone sulfate (0.5–14.3 ng m−3). These three species were strongly inter-correlated, suggesting similar precursors and/or formation pathways. Further correlations with sulfate, isoprene, and isoprene oxidation products indicate important roles for these precursors in organosulfate formation in Centreville. Positive filter sampling artifacts associated with these organosulfates due to gas adsorption or reaction of gas phase precursors of organosulfates with sulfuric acid were assessed for a subset of samples and were less than 7.8 % of their PM2.5 concentrations. Together, the quantified organosulfates accounted for  <  0.3 % of organic carbon mass in PM2.5. To gain insights into other organosulfates in PM2.5 collected from Centreville, semi-quantitative analysis was employed by way of monitoring characteristic product ions of organosulfates (HSO4− at m∕z 97 and SO4− ⋅  at m∕z 96) and evaluating relative signal strength by HILIC–TQD. Molecular formulas of organosulfates were determined by high-resolution time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. The major organosulfate signal across all samples corresponded to 2-methyltetrol sulfates, which accounted for 42–62 % of the total bisulfate ion signal. Conversely, glycolic acid sulfate, the most abundant organosulfate quantified in this study, was 0.13–0.57 % of the total bisulfate ion signal. Precursors of m∕z 96 mainly consisted of nitro-oxy organosulfates. Organosulfates identified were mainly associated with biogenic VOC precursors, particularly isoprene and to a lesser extent monoterpenes and 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (MBO). While a small number of molecules dominated the total organosulfate signal, a large number of minor species were also present. This study provides insights into the major organosulfate species in the southeastern US, as measured by tandem mass spectrometry that should be targets for future standard development and quantitative analysis.
The past, present, and future viscous heat dissipation available for Greenland subglacial conduit formation
Authors: Mankoff Kenneth D. , Tulaczyk Slawek M. 
Published: January 2017

Abstract. Basal hydrology of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) influences its dynamics and mass balance through basal lubrication and ice–bed decoupling or efficient water removal and ice–bed coupling. Variations in subglacial water pressure through the seasonal evolution of the subglacial hydrological system help control ice velocity. Near the ice sheet margin, large basal conduits are melted by the viscous heat dissipation (VHD) from surface runoff routed to the bed. These conduits may lead to efficient drainage systems that lower subglacial water pressure, increase basal effective stress, and reduce ice velocity. In this study we quantify the energy available for VHD historically at present and under future climate scenarios. At present, 345 km3 of annual runoff delivers 66 GW to the base of the ice sheet per year. These values are already ∼ 50 % more than the historical 1960–1999 value of 46 GW. By 2100 under IPCC AR5 RCP8.5 (RCP4.5) scenarios, 1278 (524) km3 of runoff may deliver 310 (110) GW to the ice sheet base. Hence, the ice sheet may experience a 5-to-7-fold increase in VHD in the near future which will enhance opening of subglacial conduits near the margin and will warm basal ice in the interior. The other significant basal heat source is geothermal heat flux (GHF), which has an estimated value of 36 GW within the present-day VHD area. With increasing surface meltwater penetration to the bed the basal heat budget in the active basal hydrology zone of the GIS will be increasingly dominated by VHD and relatively less sensitive to GHF, which may result in spatial changes in the ice flow field and in its seasonal variability.
EFFECT OF CARBON BLACK NATURE ON DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND REINFORCEMENT OF NR VULCANIZATION BY LATEX TECHNIQUES
Authors: Dong An , Zhiyi Zhang , Haixiang Jia , Jinquan Shou , Huan Zhang , Yaqing Liu 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
The influence of the structure and size of carbon black on the static mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of filled natural rubber (NR) compounds is investigated in detail. A new process for the production of carbon black master batches with enhanced mechanical properties has been developed. The unit operations in the process are the preparation of carbon black slurry in the presence of a suitable surfactant, addition of the slurry to the fresh NR latex under stirring, coagulation of the mixture by the addition of acid, dewatering of the coagulum, and drying to obtain carbon black–incorporated NR. The competence of the new technique is established by comparing the characteristics of the carbon black–incorporated NR by the mill mixing process (control). The mechanical properties, including tensile strength, modulus, tear strength, and hardness, are superior for the vulcanization prepared by the latex-suspension coagulation techniques. The improvement shown by the vulcanization prepared by the latex-suspension coagulation techniques was attributed to the better filler dispersion evidenced from the scanning electron micrograph along with the attainment of a higher level of vulcanization.
POLYETHYLENE WAX/EPDM BLENDS AS SHAPE-STABILIZED PHASE CHANGE MATERIALS FOR THERMAL ENERGY STORAGE
Authors: Dorigato A. , Ciampolillo M.V. , Cataldi A. , Bersani M. , Pegoretti A. 
Published: January 2017

ABSTRACT
Various amounts of a paraffinic wax were dispersed by melt mixing in an ethylene/propylene diene monomers (EPDM) rubber matrix. The resulting compounds were then vulcanized to obtain shape-stabilized rubbery phase change materials for thermal energy storage. The addition of the paraffinic wax induced a retardation in the vulcanization kinetics of the EPDM matrix. Calorimetric measurements evidenced how the homogenous distribution of the wax domains within the rubber, confirmed by electron microscopy observations, allowed for retaining the melting enthalpy of the neat paraffinic wax even at elevated concentration. The thermal energy storage and release capabilities of the investigated compounds were maintained even after various thermal cycles. The incorporation of polyethylene wax had a positive effect (increasing proportionally to its content) on the mechanical properties of the EPDM matrix, as documented from both the dynamical and the quasi-static tensile tests.
Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 9, número 2, Maio-Agosto de 2016.
Authors: Bahl Miguel 
Published: January 2017

Editorial da Revista Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 9, número 2, Maio-Agosto de 2016. Opção para compor versão impressa.
Turismo e Sociedade (Eletrônica). Curitiba, volume 9, número 2, Maio-Agosto de 2016.
Authors: Bahl Miguel 
Published: January 2017

Dados gerais (sítio e endereço eletrônicos), Declaração de direito autoral, Política de privacidade, Revisores deste número, Diretrizes para autores, Exemplos para indicação das referências, Itens de verificação para submissão. Opção para compor versão impressa.
Remote Teaching of Histopathology Using Scanned Slides via Skype Between the United Kingdom and Nigeria
Authors: Rotimi Olorunda , Orah Nnamdi , Shaaban Abeer , Daramola Adetola O. , Abdulkareem Fatimah B. 
Published: January 2017

Context.—Web-based learning is a major component of distance education.
Objective.—To explore Web-based applications for pathology teaching in resource-limited sub-Saharan Africa.
Design.—The participants were consultant pathologists and trainees drawn from tertiary institutions in Nigeria. They viewed the digital slides via the Leeds virtual pathology Web site, after which, interactive lectures were given via Skype (Skype Communications, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg). Questionnaires were administered via SurveyMonkey (Palo Alto, California) to all participants of 12 sessions between 2014 and 2015.
Results.—Nine consultant pathologists and 33 trainees participated in this survey. Of all respondents, 29 (69%) thought it was fairly easy to navigate the system, 11 (26.2%) thought it was easy, whereas 2 (4.8%) felt it was difficult. In addition, 26 respondents (61.9%) found it fairly easy to make a make a diagnosis, 13 (31%) thought it was easy, and 3 (7.1%) noted that it was difficult. Twenty-four respondents (57.1%) had a fairly smooth user experience, 12 (28.6%) experienced occasional crashes, whereas 6 (14.3%) reported a smooth experience. Almost all (41 of 42; 97.6%) respondents felt the pathology teaching was beneficial to their local pathology practice, and all (100%) indicated the need for additional, similar sessions.
Conclusion.—The beneficial applications of Internet-based lectures make them a viable, cheaper, and cost-effective alternative to face-to-face lectures in our environment.
Blood Bank Specimen Mislabeling: A College of American Pathologists Q-Probes Study of 41 333 Blood Bank Specimens in 30 Institutions
Authors: Novis David A. , Lindholm Paul F. , Ramsey Glenn , Alcorn Kirsten W. , Souers Rhona J. , Blond Barbara 
Published: January 2017

Context.—Incorrectly labeled patient blood specimens create opportunities for laboratory testing personnel to mistake one patient's specimen for a specimen from a different patient. Transfusion of blood that is typed on specimens that are mislabeled can result in acute hemolytic transfusion reactions.Objective.—To assess the rates of blood bank ABO typing specimens that are mislabeled and/or contain blood belonging to another patient (so-called wrong blood in tube [WBIT]), and to compare these rates with those determined in a similar study performed in 2007.Design.—Participants enrolled in this College of American Pathologists Q-Probes study for the first quarter of 2015 tallied the number of mislabeled and WBIT ABO blood typing specimens. Outcome measurements were the number of mislabeled and WBIT instances per 1000 specimens. We also evaluated the effects of various practice characteristics, in particular the use of bar coding, on the outcome measurements.Results.—A total of 30 institutions submitting data on 41 333 ABO blood typing specimens recorded aggregate rates of 7.4 instances of mislabeling (306 specimens) and 0.43 instances of WBIT (10 of 23 234) per 1000 specimens submitted. Mislabeling rates were lower in institutions requiring that specimens be labeled with patients' birth dates than those that did not. The rates of specimen mislabeling and WBIT were otherwise unassociated with any of the other practice variables evaluated.Conclusions.—The rates of ABO blood typing specimen mislabeling and WBIT are not statistically different from those determined in a similar study performed in 2007 (P = .94 and P = .10). The use of bar coding was not associated with lower mislabeling (P = .80) or WBIT rates (P = .79).