bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MightyLev: An acoustic levitator for high-temperature containerless processing of medium- to high-density materials
Authors: Drewitt James W. E. , Emmens Barnaby , Kong Zhe-Hui , Drinkwater Bruce W. , Barnes Adrian C. 
Published: October 2024

“MightyLev,” a new multi-emitter ultrasonic acoustic levitation device capable of extremely stable levitation of materials of density up to at least 11.3 g cm−3, is described. The exceptional stability of medium- to high-density samples levitated in MightyLev makes the device highly suitable for chemical and structural analysis using micro-focused spectroscopic and x-ray scattering techniques. In combination with mid-infrared laser heating, MightyLev is capable of levitating metallic and oxide materials during high-temperature cycling and melting above 1500 K. Instabilities in particle confinement during heating were investigated by directly visualizing the acoustic field using schlieren imaging. The results reveal jets of hot-air directed along the anti-nodes of the acoustic field. The reaction force on the sample from the jet, coupled with the restoring force of the acoustic trap, generates a parametric lateral oscillation of the sample. This result provides valuable insight for future optimization and wider application of acoustic levitation for high-temperature containerless material processing.
Dynamic annealing assisted near-surface structural and bond stabilization in high-temperature low-energy N2+ implanted diamond
Authors: Fischer Miriam , Maity Sayantan , Kuntumalla Mohan Kumar , Hoffman Alon 
Published: October 2024

Nitrogen-rich ultra-thin (1–2 nm thick) layers in diamond produced by high-temperature nitrogen ion (N2+) implantation at low N2+ energies studied by in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are reported. Nitrogen bonding at the subsurface region and its thermal stability, as well as structural defects in polycrystalline diamond (PCD) implanted with 200, 500, and 800 eV N2+ at room temperature (RT) and 600 °C at an ion dose of 4.5 × 1014 ions/cm2, are investigated. Implantation at RT leads to nitrogen bonding at interstitial and substitutional sites in the diamond lattice, which is associated with the C–N/C=N bond, lower intensity of the C≡N (nitrile-like) component associated with nitrogen bonding with carbon defects, and quaternary nitrogen. The relative composition of these chemical states varies with implantation energy, temperature, and post-implantation annealing temperature. Upon annealing the RT implanted layers above 500–600 °C, the interstitial nitrogen converts to substitutional nitrogen. This process competes with nitrogen desorption. The thermal stability of nitrogen increases with implantation energy. Implantation at 600 °C at 800 eV resulted in a significantly lower concentration of nitrile-like bonds and a lower density of structural defects compared to RT implantation at the same energy. These effects are associated with dynamic annealing, which becomes more significant at higher implantation energies. Upon high-temperature implantation, nitrogen mostly populates directly substitutional sites. Nitrogen implantation at low energy and high temperature may be a viable way to nitride diamond surfaces with reduced density of defects where nitrogen is selectively bonded to substitutional sites. Finally, a comparison between nitrogen implantation into PCD and Diamond (100) [Di(100)] surfaces is presented.
Alteration in certain growth, biochemical, and anatomical indices of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) in response to the foliar application of auxin under water deficit
Authors: Khandani Yaser , Sarikhani Hassan , Gholami Mansour , Chehregani Rad Abdolkarim , Shirani Bidabadi Siamak 
Published: October 2024

Drought-induced stress represents one of the most economically detrimental natural phenomena impacting grapevine (Vitis vinifera) development, yield, and fruit characteristics. Also, auxin is one of the most important plant growth regulators that can reduce damage caused by stress in plants. In this study, the impact of exogenously sprayed auxin (0, 50, and 200 mg L−1) on growth, biochemical, and anatomical parameters was investigated in two grapevine varieties (cvs. ‘Rashe’ and ‘Fakhri’) under water deficit. According to our findings, water deficit led to a notable decrease in growth, protein content, and anatomical parameters; but significantly enhanced electrolyte leakage. Grapevines exposed to water deficit exhibited substantial increases in total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Applying 50 mg L−1 napthalene acetic acid (NAA) reduced the effects of water deficit in both grapevine cultivars by decreasing electrolyte leakage (15% in ‘Rashe’ and 20% in ‘Fakhri’), and accumulating protein content (22% ‘Rashe’ and 32% ‘Fakhri’), total phenolic compounds (33% ‘Rashe’ and 40% ‘Fakhri’), and antioxidant capacity (11% ‘Rashe’ and 39% ‘Fakhri’); anantomical parameters were also improved. However, application of 200 mg L−1 NAA had adverse effects on growth and biochemical traits of grapevines, with a more pronounced impact on root growth and anatomical parameters compared to other NAA concentrations. In conclusion, the application of 50 mg L−1 NAA enhanced grapevine growth, enabling them to better thrive under water deficit.
Non-compliance and under-performance in Australian human-induced regeneration projects
Authors: Macintosh Andrew , Evans Megan C. , Butler Don , Larraondo Pablo , Edirisinghe Chamith , Hunter Kristen B. , Evans Maldwyn J. , Ansell Dean , Waschka Marie , Lindenmayer David 
Published: October 2024

The ‘boom-and-bust’ nature of rangelands makes them ill-suited to nature-based solutions (NbS) involving carbon sequestration in vegetation and soils. The variability in these ecosystems makes it difficult to determine whether carbon stock changes are attributable to project activities, creating additionality risks. Low and variable rainfall also means carbon stock increases will often be impermanent, being susceptible to reversals in droughts, a risk magnified by climate change. The small potential for gains per unit area over vast regions makes it difficult to accurately measure carbon stock changes at low cost. This creates pressure to trade accuracy for simplicity in measurement approaches, increasing the risk of errors. Despite these risks, rangelands have been advanced as suitable for offset projects because of low opportunity cost and a perception they are extensively degraded. The most prominent example globally is human-induced regeneration (HIR) projects under the Australian carbon credit unit (ACCU) scheme, which are purporting to regenerate permanent even-aged native forests (≥20% canopy cover from trees ≥2 metres high) across millions of hectares of largely uncleared rangelands, predominantly by reducing grazing pressure. Previous research found limited forest regeneration in the credited areas of these projects, and that most of the observed changes in tree cover were attributable to factors other than the project activities. Here we extend this research by evaluating compliance of a sample of 116 HIR projects with regulatory requirements and their performance in increasing sequestration in regeneration. The results suggest most HIR projects are non-compliant with key regulatory requirements that are essential to project integrity, and have had minimal impact on woody vegetation cover in credited areas. The findings point to major administrative and governance failings in Australia’s carbon credit scheme, and a significant missed opportunity to restore biodiversity-rich woodlands and forests in previously cleared lands via legitimate carbon offset projects.
Postcolonial images, ambivalence and weak border zones
Authors: Gallegos Krause Eduardo 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This chapter deals with the largely unknown and slightly studied travel account of Otto Nordenskjöld in the
Argentinian-Chilean Patagonia as part of the preparation to his well-known and documented travel to Antarctica. By using
several key terms of postcolonial theory, such as ambivalence, border, identity, binaries and in-between, an analysis of the
way in which Nordenskjöld’s portrays the image of the Indigenous people and how civilisation treats them (from Nordenskjöld’s
perspective) is proposed. Thus, it is argued that, in the complex relation between travel account and images, an ambiguous
representation of European values and the Indigenous people arises, which destabilises the typical binaries of the colonial
discourse. The contribution demonstrates that, as travellers transition between two realms, they may find it challenging to
shed their European viewpoint, even in situations where colonial brutality is openly denounced.
Complements and adjuncts of one
in L2 English noun drop
Authors: Bruhn de Garavito Joyce 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
This study examines the constraint against complements of the pro-form one in L2
English of Spanish native speakers. Complements (*The belief in Santa is greater than the one in
Elvis) are disallowed, in contrast to adjuncts (The vase in the bedroom is nicer than the one in
the kitchen). Spanish exhibits opposite tendencies in noun ellipsis: complements are productive but
adjuncts are often restricted. Advanced Spanish learners performed as well as native speakers for most relevant
properties but there was a tendency to accept complements to a greater extent than the English L1 speakers. However,
7/15 participants performed in a native-like manner, evidence that learners are capable of overcoming L1 effects in
spite of the relative infrequency of relevant contexts.
Second language acquisition of English plurals by Chinese learners
Authors: Liu Yi , Gil Kook-Hee 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Previous research supported the proposal that multiplicity inferences (i.e., the more than
one interpretation) associated with English plural morphology are scalar implicatures (Tieu et al., 2014). The current study extends the research to second language
(L2) acquisition by testing Chinese-speaking learners of English. Using a Truth Value Judgment Task (TVJT) adapted
from Tieu et al. (2014), we compared the interpretations of English bare
plurals among Chinese adult learners and native English speakers. Results indicate that the interpretive pattern of
Chinese learners closely aligns with that of the English controls’. This supports the universality of scalar
implicatures in L2 and does not provide direct evidence for L1 transfer through morpheme mapping from English plural
morpheme -s to Chinese plural morpheme -men.
L2 acquisition of English flexible count and flexible mass nouns by L1-Japanese and L1-Spanish
speakers
Authors: Snape Neal , Umeda Mari , Hosoi Hironobu 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We examine the acquisition of the English count-mass distinction, in particular
flexible nouns. Certain nouns are flexible in English as they can be either countable like
a cake / cakes or mass such as cake. Our study is unique
regarding the off-line and on-line tasks used and the L2 participant groups. We administered a quantity judgement task
and a self-paced reading task to L1-Japanese and L1-Spanish speakers who judged four conditions – Count, Object,
Substance and Flexible. The findings show that both L1-Japanese and L1-Spanish speakers performed differently on both
tasks from the native speaker controls. We argue that the results of the self-paced reading task are inconsistent with
the claims made by the Morphological Congruency Hypothesis (Jiang et al.,
2011).
Sensitivity to silently structured interveners
Authors: Miura Atsushi 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
One of the central issues in generative approaches to second language acquisition is whether second
language (L2) learners can use syntactic manipulation in the L2, as they do in the first language (L1). To explore
this issue, this study investigates sensitivity to intervention effects in sluicing structures, specifically, the
asymmetry between object and subject extraction. The results of a picture-sentence judgment task indicate that
L1-Japanese/L2-English learners with relatively low proficiency exhibit sensitivity to the intervention effect,
showing greater difficulty in the case of object extraction in both non-sluicing and sluicing structures.
Consequently, this study suggests that even learners with low L2 proficiency can achieve deep syntactic manipulations,
including building up an elided structure and moving the wh-element from it.
“And yet it moves”
Authors: Archibald John 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
The study of Lx phonology is under-represented in the GenSLA literature. I argue that this is
largely because the complex learnability issues in the phonological domain have been under-appreciated. Drawing on
examples from features and syllables, I illustrate that the acquisition of phonology is subject to poverty of the
stimulus effects. Consequently, it follows that phonological representations are learned and not merely noticed in the
environment. Furthermore, phonological grammars are shown to be generative, and hierarchical. By adopting abstract
representational models we can both describe and explain learner behaviour. I explore the role of phonology in
morphological and syntactic interfaces, and conclude with a discussion of real-world implications with regard to
pronunciation training, and broader societal concerns.
CCQM-K173.1 - Assay of sodium carbonate. Final report
Authors: Máriássy Michal , Hankova Zuzana , Jo Kyungmin 
Published: October 2024

Main text
The CCQM key comparison CCQM-K173.1 is a subsequent comparison to CCQM-K173. It was performed to demonstrate the capability of KRISS to measure the amount content of bases. The institutes could use a method of their choice, although the use of coulometry or titrimetry with potentiometric determination of the endpoint was expected. The result of SMU was used as a link to the original comparison CCQM-K173.
The results of KRISS were in good agreement with the reference value and may serve as evidence to support respective CMC claims.
To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.
The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
An experiment to measure electromagnetic memory
Authors: Bieri Lydia , Garfinkle David 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We describe an experiment to measure the electromagnetic analog of gravitational wave memory, the so-called electromagnetic (EM) memory. Whereas gravitational wave memory is a residual displacement of test masses, EM memory is a residual velocity (i.e. kick) of test charges. The source of gravitational wave memory is energy that is not confined to any bounded spatial region: in the case of binary black hole mergers the emitted energy of gravitational radiation as well as the recoil energy of the final black hole. Similarly, EM memory requires a source whose charges are not confined to any bounded spatial region. While particle beams can provide unbounded charges, their currents are too small to be practical for such an experiment. Instead we propose a short microwave pulse applied to the center of a long dipole antenna. In this way the measurement of the kick can be done quickly enough that the finite size of the antenna does not come into play and it acts for our purposes the same as if it were an infinite antenna.
Polarization-selective dual-band infrared metamaterial perfect absorber
Authors: Chang Fangjin , Wang Qiao , Kuang Kaili , Peng Wei 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Metamaterial absorbers have significant effects and great potential for applications in a variety of important sciences and technologies, including infrared imaging, thermal emitters, electromagnetic shielding, and photodetectors. However, conventional absorbers with a single function are difficult to meet the growing demand of devices, especially for the situations where the absorption and polarization are simultaneously required in infrared detection. If the polarization absorption function is realized by integrating absorption and polarization elements, it will lead to a large overall system size and slow response time. To solve this problem, we propose a dual-band polarization-selective metamaterial perfect absorber, whose maximum absorptions at resonant wavelengths of

λ
1

=
2.824

μ

m

and

λ
2

=
7.622

μ

m

are 99.99% and 99.88%, respectively. The absorber exhibits strong polarization sensitivity, absorbing TM-polarized incident light and reflecting TE-polarized incident light at the two resonant wavelengths. The extinction ratios of the absorber at the two referred resonant wavelengths are 90.9 and 142.7, respectively. The proposed absorber would be beneficial for infrared polarization detection and imaging.
Mechanisms and models of interface trap annealing in positively-biased MOS devices
Authors: Song Yu , Qiu Chen , Zhou Hang , Liu Yang , Chen Xiang , Wei Su-Huai 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
We propose a hydrogen anion (H−) passivation mechanism for the interface trap annealing (ITA) in positively-biased metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) devices. It is demonstrated that, the protons (H+) released in SiO2 due to H2 cracking on oxide traps can migrate into Si at relatively high temperature (HT), therefore passivating the interfacial Pb
centers by capturing two electrons provided by the positive bias. This new mechanism explains the elimination temperature of about 100 ∘C in experiments, which is much lower than temperature above 220 ∘C predicted by the traditional H2 passivation mechanism. We also derive analytic models of the ITA, based on the coupling transformation dynamics between oxide and interface traps, as well as the concept of hierarchically constrained dynamics in glassy materials. These models can universally describe a generation-to-elimination transition of Pb
, and predict the enhanced elimination of

E
γ

′

as observed when the annealing temperature is elevated. Moreover, we demonstrate that, the defect annealing models can be applied to analysis the nonmonotonic temperature dependence of the annealing of threshold voltage shift in nMOS devices. Our findings provide a theoretical basis for achieving the low temperature elimination of interface traps, and for setting the HT stages of accelerated aging and damage evaluations of MOS devices.
RABV antigenic peptide loaded polymeric nanoparticle production, characterization, and preliminary investigation of its biological activity
Authors: Bezir Kübra , Pelit Arayici Pelin , Akgül Buşra , Abamor Emrah Şefik , Acar Serap 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Nanoparticle-based antigen carrier systems have become a significant area of research with the advancement of nanotechnology. Biodegradable polymers have emerged as particularly promising carrier vehicles due to their ability to address the limitations of existing vaccine systems. In this study, we successfully encapsulated the G5-24 linear peptide, located between amino acids 253 and 275 in the primary sequence of the rabies virus G protein, into biodegradable and biocompatible PLGA copolymer using the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The resulting nanoparticles had a size of approximately 230.9 ± 0.9074 nm, with a PDI value of 0.168 ± 0.017 and a zeta potential value of −9.86 ± 0.132 mV. SEM images confirmed that the synthesized nanoparticles were uniform in size and distribution. Additionally, FTIR spectra indicated successful peptide loading into the nanoparticles. The encapsulation efficiency of the peptide-loaded nanoparticles was 73.3%, with a peptide loading capacity of 48.2% and a reaction yield of 30.4%. Peptide release studies demonstrated that 65.55% of the peptide was released in a controlled manner over 28 d, following a ‘biphasic burst release’ profile consistent with the degradation profile of PLGA. This controlled release is particularly beneficial for vaccine studies. Cytotoxicity tests revealed that the R-NP formulation did not induce cytotoxicity in fibroblast cells and enhanced NO production in macrophages, indicating its potential for vaccine development.
Ultra-high PDCR(>109) of vacuum-UV photodetector based on Al-doped Ga2O3 microbelts
Authors: Hu Zhi-Pin , Chen Hai-Feng , Ding Zi-Jie , Lu Qin , Li Li-Jun , Liu Xiang-Tai , Wang Shao-Qing , Wang Zhan , Jia Yi-Fan 
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Al-doped Ga2O3 microbelts with widths ranging from 20 to 154 μm and lengths up to 2 mm were grown using carbothermal reduction. Based on these ultra-wide microbelts, single-microbelt (37 μm wide) and double-microbelts(38 μm/42 μm wide) metal-semiconductor-metal photoconductive ultraviolet (UV) detectors PDs were fabricated and their optoelectronic performances were investigated at Vacuum-UV (VUV) wavelengths of 185 nm. Under irradiation of 185 nm, the Al-doped Ga2O3 PD has a very-high photocurrent (I
ph) of 192.07 μA and extremely low dark current (I
d) of 156 fA at 10 V, and presents a ultra-high light-to-dark current ratio of 1.23 × 109. The responsivity (R), external quantum efficiency (EQE), and detectivity (D*) of the double-microbelts detector device were 1920 A W−1, 9.36 × 105%, and 8.6 × 1016 Jones, respectively. Since the bandgap of the Al-doped microbelts becomes wider, and the fabricated detector has weaker sensitivity to radiation in the 254/365 nm wavelengths. Compared with the 254 nm and 365 nm UV cases, the devices under 185 nm VUV show the excellent high selectivity ratios of 1.47 × 106 and 1.7× 107, respectively. This paper should provide a new insight on the VUV photodetectors utilizing Ga2O3 microbelts.
Real-time measurement of two-dimensional LET distributions of proton beams using scintillators
Authors: Isomura Taiki , Kamizawa Satoshi , Takada Kenta , Mori Yutaro , Sakae Takeji 
Published: October 2024

Abstract

Objective. The linear energy transfer (LET) of proton therapy beams increases rapidly from the Bragg peak to the end of the beam. Although the LET can be determined using analytical or computational methods, a technique for efficiently measuring its spatial distribution has not yet been established. Thus, the purpose of this study is to develop a technique to measure the two-dimensional LET distribution in proton therapy in real time using a combination of multiple scintillators with different quenching. Approach. Inorganic and organic scintillator sheets were layered and irradiated with proton beams. Two-color signals of the CMOS sensor were obtained from the scintillation light and calibration curves were generated using LET. LET was calculated using Monte Carlo simulations as

LE

T

t

and

LE

T

d

weighted by fluence and dose, respectively. The accuracy of the calibration curve was evaluated by comparing the calculated and measured LET values for the 200 MeV monoenergetic and spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP) beams. LET distributions were obtained from the calibration curves. Main results. The deviation between the calculated and measured LET values was evaluated. For both

LE

T

t

and

LE

T

d

, the deviation in the plateau region of the monoenergetic and SOBP beams tended to be larger than those in the peak region. The deviation was smaller for

LE

T

d

. In the obtained

LE

T

d

distribution, the deviation between the calculated and measured values agreed within 3% in the peak region, while the deviation was larger in other regions. Significance. The LET distribution can be measured with a single irradiation using two scintillator sheets. This method may be effective for verifying LET in daily clinical practice and for quality control.