bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systems Thinking, Big Data, and Data Protection Law
Authors: Pearce Henry 
Published: June 2017

Systems Thinking, Big Data, and Data Protection Law: Using Ackoff’s Interactive Planning to Respond to Emergent Policy Challenges
This article examines the emergence of big data and how it poses a number of significant novel challenges to the smooth operation of some of the European data protection framework’s fundamental tenets. Building on previous research in the area, the article argues that recent proposals for reform in this area, as well as proposals based on conventional approaches to policy making and regulatory design more generally, will likely be ill-equipped to deal with some of big data’s most severe emergent difficulties. Instead, it is argued that novel, and possibly unorthodox, approaches to regulation and policy design premised on systems thinking methodologies may represent attractive and alternative ways forward. As a means of testing this general hypothesis, the article considers Interactive Planning, a systems thinking methodology popularized by the organizational theorist Russel Ackoff, as a particular embryonic example of one such methodological approach, and, using the challenges posed by big data to the principle of purpose limitation as a case study, explores whether its usage may be beneficial in the development of data protection law and policy in the big data environment.
Etiology of Onychomycosis in Patients in Turkey
Authors: Cengiz Fatma Pelin , Cemil Bengu Cevirgen , Emiroglu Nazan , Bahali Anil Gulsel , Ozkaya Dilek Biyik , Su Ozlem , Onsun Nahide 
Published: June 2017

Background:Onychomycosis is a chronic nail infection caused by dermatophytes, Candida, nondermatophyte molds, and Trichosporon. The purpose of this study was to identify the underlying pathogen in patients with onychomycosis in our region.Methods:A retrospective analysis of 225 cases with onychomycosis, diagnosed over a 27-month period at the Department of Dermatoveneorology, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey, and confirmed with culture, was performed.Results:Patient age ranged from 2 to 87 years (mean ± SD, 41.59 ± 17.61), and female patients were more commonly affected (120 cases, 53.3%) than male patients. Lateral and distal subungual onychomycosis was detected in 180 cases (80%). Etiologic agents were as follows: Trichophyton rubrum, 77 cases (34.2%); Trichophyton mentagrophytes, 30 cases (13.3%), Candida albicans, 28 cases (12.4%); Candida parapsilosis, 25 cases (11.1%); Acremonium species, one case (0.4%); Aspergillus species, two cases (0.9%); Fusarium species, four cases (1.3%); and Trichosporon species, three cases (1.3%).Conclusions:The most frequent isolated etiologic agents were T rubrum for toenails and C albicans for fingernails.
Magnetic resonance imaging of Takayasu's aortitis in an infant
Authors: Mitchell Craig S. , Parisi Marguerite T. 
Published: June 2017

Abstract
A fusiform aneurysm involving the ascending aorta and aortic arch in an 8month-old infant was imaged with magnetic resonance. Histologic studies of the excised aneurysm indicated Takayasu's arteritis. Takayasu's arteritis has rarely been reported in infants, and involvement of the ascending aorta and aortic arch is an unusual finding in this age group.
Redescription and establishment of a holotype and three paratypes for the species Hemimycale mediterranea sp. nov.
Authors: Uriz Maria J. , Garate Leire , Agell Gemma 
Published: June 2017

Background
In a recent paper, we described a new sponge species named Hemimycale mediterranea Uriz, Garate & Agell, 2017. However, we failed to designate a holotype and a type locality, as required by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN). Although the validity of the previous conclusions remains unchanged, the species name cannot be considered available according to ICZN regulations until a holotype is designated.

Results
The present work fulfills the requirements of the ICZN by designating a holotype, three paratypes and the type locality for the new species Hemimycale mediterranea and has been registered in ZooBank.
Modular Assembly of Reversible Multivalent Cancer‐Cell‐Targeting Drug Conjugates
Authors: Santos Fábio M. F. , Matos Ana I. , Ventura Ana E. , Gonçalves João , Veiros Luís F. , Florindo Helena F. , Gois Pedro M. P. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractHerein is described a new modular platform for the construction of cancer‐cell‐targeting drug conjugates. Tripodal boronate complexes featuring reversible covalent bonds were designed to accommodate a cytotoxic drug (bortezomib), poly(ethylene glycol) (Peg) chains, and folate targeting units. The B‐complex core was assembled in one step, proved stable under biocompatible conditions, namely, in human plasma (half‐life up to 60 h), and underwent disassembly in the presence of glutathione (GSH). Stimulus‐responsive intracellular cargo delivery was confirmed by confocal fluorescence microscopy, and a mechanism for GSH‐induced B‐complex hydrolysis was proposed on the basis of mass spectrometry and DFT calculations. This platform enabled the modular construction of multivalent conjugates with high selectivity for folate‐positive MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells and IC50 values in the nanomolar range.
A Strategy for Creating Organisms Dependent on Noncanonical Amino Acids
Authors: Xuan Weimin , Schultz Peter G. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe use of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) to control the viability of an organism provides a strategy for the development of conditional “kill switches” for live vaccines or engineered human cells. We report an approach inspired by the posttranslational acetylation/deacetylation of lysine residues, in which a protein encoded by a gene with an in‐frame nonsense codon at an essential lysine can be expressed in its native state only upon genetic incorporation of N‐ϵ‐acetyl‐l‐Lys (AcK), and subsequent enzymatic deacetylation in the host cell. We applied this strategy to two essential E. coli enzymes: the branched‐chain aminotransferase BCAT and the DNA replication initiator protein DnaA. We also devised a barnase‐based conditional suicide switch to further lower the escape frequency of the host cells. This strategy offers a number of attractive features for controlling host viability, including a single small‐molecule‐based kill switch, low escape frequency, and unaffected protein function.
Polycarbonate/silica nanocomposite membranes: Fabrication, characterization, and performance evaluation
Authors: Idris Alamin , Man Zakaria , Maulud Abdulhalim Shah 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTPolycarbonate/silica nanocomposite membranes at low silica loading were fabricated by solution blending and solvent evaporation technique. The functionalized silica nanoparticles used were synthesized by co‐condensing hydrolyzed tetraethylorthosilicate with 3‐aminopropyl trimethoxysilane in the sol–gel process. The membranes morphology, composition, surface, structure, thermal and mechanical properties were analyzed by the standard characterization techniques. The gas permeation tests were conducted in four‐channel permeation cells. Field emission scanning electron microscopy results reveal that membranes above 3 wt % silica content formed distinguishable voids and agglomerates. Fair distribution of silica nanoparticles and absence of residual solvents were observed by energy dispersive X‐ray and thermogravimetric analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra confirmed the presence of new functional groups (NH) and (OH) bonds. The X‐ray diffraction pattern revealed the polymer‐particle interactions, the formation of rigidified polymer chain, and nanostructured silicon crystals. Further, the thermogravimetric analysis results revealed thermal stability enhancement while differential scanning calorimetry results of increased glass transition temperatures confirmed the presence of rigidified polymer chain. Furthermore, enhancements in mechanical strength of the membranes were observed. Moreover, at all feed pressures, increased CO2, N2, and CH4 gas permeation was observed. At 6 bar feed pressure, the CO2/N2 and CO2/CH4 ideal selectivities of PC membranes with 3 wt % silica loading have increased from 19.2 to 38.0 and 29.2, respectively. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45310.
Temperature effects on rigid nano‐silica and soft nano‐rubber toughening in epoxy under impact loading
Authors: Huang De‐Dong , Xu Feng , Du Xu‐Sheng , Lee Zheng‐Hang , Wang Xiao‐Jun 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTThe rigid nano‐silica and soft nano‐rubber toughening effects on neat epoxy under impact loading in a range of −50 to 80 °C were investigated. Nanosilica particles (20 nm) toughened neat epoxy at all temperatures with a maximum toughening efficiency at −50 °C and lower efficiency at elevated temperatures. In contrast, except at −50 °C, nano‐rubber particles (100 nm) showed the deterioration effect on the impact fracture toughness of epoxy resin. Scanning electron microscopy examinations revealed that the crack pinning and local epoxy deformation induced by rigid particles in term of nano‐silica/epoxy and nano‐rubber/epoxy interfacial debonding (at −50 °C) led to positive toughening efficiency on neat epoxy. However, at 20 and 80 °C, the rubber cavitations/void plastic growth was significantly suppressed under the impact loading, which led to the negative toughening efficiency on epoxy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 45319.
Azo‐Based Fluorogenic Probes for Biosensing and Bioimaging: Recent Advances and Upcoming Challenges
Authors: Chevalier Arnaud , Renard Pierre‐Yves , Romieu Anthony 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThe use of nonfluorescent azo dyes as dark quenchers in activatable optical bioprobes based on the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) mechanism and designed to target a wide range of enzymes has been established for over two decades. The key value of the azo moiety (−N=N−) to act as an efficient “ON–OFF” switch of fluorescence once introduced within the core structure of conventional organic‐based fluorophores (mainly fluorescent aniline derivatives) has recently been exploited in the development of alternative reaction‐based small‐molecule probes based on the “profluorescence” concept. These unprecedented “azobenzene‐caged” fluorophores are valuable tools for the detection of a wide range of reactive (bio)analytes. This review highlights the most recent and relevant advances made in the design and biosensing/bioimaging applications of azo‐based fluorogenic probes. Emphasis is also placed on relevant achievements in the synthesis of bioconjugatable/biocompatible azo dyes used as starting building blocks in the rational and rapid construction of these fluorescent chemodosimeters. Finally, a brief glimpse of possible future biomedical applications (theranostics) of these “smart” azobenzene‐based molecular systems is presented.
Combination of Mass Signal Amplification and Isotope‐Labeled Alkanethiols for the Multiplexed Detection of miRNAs
Authors: Kang Hyunook , Hong Seol‐Hye , Sung Jiha , Yeo Woon‐Seok 
Published: June 2017

AbstractWe report a fast and sensitive method for the multiplexed detection of miRNAs by combining mass signal amplification and isotope‐labeled signal reporter molecules. In our strategy, target miRNAs are captured specifically by immobilized DNAs on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), which carry a large number of small molecules, called amplification tags (Am‐tags), as the reporter for the detection of target miRNAs. For multiplexed detection, we designed and synthesized four Am‐tags containing 0, 4, 8, 12 isotopes so that they had same molecular properties but different molecular weights. By observing the mass signals of the Am‐tags on AuNPs decorated along with different probe DNAs, four types of miRNAs in a sample could be easily discriminated, and the relative amounts of these miRNAs could be quantified. The practicability of our strategy was further verified by measuring the expression levels of two miRNAs in HUVECs in response to different CuSO4 concentrations.
Effectiveness of continuous low‐dose fasudil on refractory coronary vasospasm subsequent to cardiopulmonary arrest
Authors: Ooshiro Daisuke , Yamaguchi Satoshi , Kakazu Masanori , Arasaki Osamu 
Published: June 2017

Key Clinical MessageRefractory coronary vasospasm subsequent to reperfusion, such as cardiopulmonary resuscitation or revascularization, for myocardial infarction may respond to fasudil in the superacute phase. Continuous low‐dose fasudil administration should be an option for refractory coronary vasospastic angina (VSA).
Towards the implementation of Multi‐band Multi‐standard Software‐Defined Radio using Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration
Authors: Sadek Ahmad , Mostafa Hassan , Nassar Amin , Ismail Yehea 
Published: June 2017

SummaryThe vast evolution of fixed and mobile standards urges upgrading the hardware to be compatible with them. An efficient approach to reduce the required cost and effort is hardware reusability, which in turn can be achieved by a dynamically reconfigurable field programmable gate array (FPGA). This flexible hardware time multiplexing allows more logic to fit within the same area, which means fitting bigger designs into smaller less expensive devices, with more optimization of power consumption. This work shows the advantages of using the dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR) technique, on a fine‐grained block level, in implementing a baseband physical layer processing module for software‐defined radio (SDR) chain that supports 3G, long‐term evolution (LTE), and WIFI standards. The benefits increase when the reconfiguration is not only dynamic but also takes place in run‐time without the need to switch off the system. A comparison is held on Xilinx Virtex 5 design kit XUPV5‐LX110T between the implementation of the baseband processing module with and without using the DPR technique in the 3G, long‐term evolution, and WIFI standards. The comparison addresses the area, power, memory, and time overhead. Experimental results reveal that the DPR technique improves the area and the power consumption with an acceptable increase in memory and latency. Xilinx ISE 14.7 is used for modules implementation, Xilinx PlanAhead is used in floorplanning for the different designs and applying the DPR technique, and Xilinx Power Analyzer is used to measure the power consumption.
Transcriptomic differentiation underlying marine‐to‐freshwater transitions in the South American silversides Odontesthes argentinensis and O. bonariensis (Atheriniformes)
Authors: Hughes Lily C. , Somoza Gustavo M. , Nguyen Bryan N. , Bernot James P. , González‐Castro Mariano , Díaz de Astarloa Juan Martín , Ortí Guillermo 
Published: June 2017

AbstractSalinity gradients are critical habitat determinants for freshwater organisms. Silverside fishes in the genus Odontesthes have recently and repeatedly transitioned from marine to freshwater habitats, overcoming a strong ecological barrier. Genomic and transcriptomic changes involved in this kind of transition are only known for a few model species. We present new data and analyses of gene expression and microbiome composition in the gills of two closely related silverside species, marine O. argentinensis and freshwater O. bonariensis and find more than three thousand transcripts differentially expressed, with osmoregulatory/ion transport genes and immune genes showing very different expression patterns across species. Interspecific differences also involve more than one thousand transcripts with nonsynonymous SNPs in the coding sequences, most of which were not differentially expressed. In addition to characterizing gill transcriptomes from wild‐caught marine and freshwater fishes, we test experimentally the response to salinity increases by O. bonariensis collected from freshwater habitats. Patterns of expression in gill transcriptomes of O. bonariensis exposed to high salinity do not resemble O. argentinensis mRNA expression, suggesting lack of plasticity for adaptation to marine conditions in this species. The diversity of functions associated with both the differentially expressed set of transcripts and those with sequence divergence plus marked microbiome differences suggest that multiple abiotic and biotic factors in marine and freshwater habitats are driving transcriptomic differences between these species.
A window of opportunity: Subdominant predators can use suboptimal prey
Authors: Jackson Kelly A. , McCord Joshua S. , White Jennifer A. 
Published: June 2017

AbstractIntroduced species have been linked to declines of native species through mechanisms including intraguild predation and exploitative competition. However, coexistence among species may be promoted by niche partitioning if native species can use resources that the invasive species cannot. Previous research has shown that some strains of the aphid Aphis craccivora are toxic to a competitively dominant invasive lady beetle, Harmonia axyridis. Our objective was to investigate whether these aphids might be an exploitable resource for other, subdominant, lady beetle species. We compared larval development rate, survival, and adult weight of five lady beetle species in no‐choice experiments with two different strains of A. craccivora, one of which is toxic to H. axyridis and one that is nontoxic. Two lady beetle species, Cycloneda munda and Coleomegilla maculata, were able to complete larval development when feeding on the aphid strain that is toxic to H. axyridis, experiencing only slight developmental delays relative to beetles feeding on the other aphid strain. One species, Coccinella septempunctata, also was able to complete larval development, but experienced a slight reduction in adult weight. The other two lady beetle species, Hippodamia convergens and Anatis labiculata, demonstrated generally low survivorship when consuming A. craccivora, regardless of aphid strain. All five species showed increased survival and/or development relative to H. axyridis on the “toxic” aphid strain. Our results suggest that this toxic trait may act as a narrow‐spectrum defense for the aphids, providing protection against only some lady beetle enemies. For other less‐susceptible lady beetles, these aphids have the potential to provide competitive release from the otherwise dominant H. axyridis.
Mercury‐modified Lignosulfonate‐stabilized Gold Nanoparticles as an Alternative Material for Anodic Stripping Voltammetry of Thallium
Authors: Karbowska Bożena , Rębiś Tomasz , Milczarek Grzegorz 
Published: June 2017

AbstractLignosulfonate‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs‐LS) were synthesized and subsequently used as a complexing agent for mercury ions. The obtained AuNPs‐LS/Hg2+ complex was characterized by means of various physicochemical techniques such as UV‐vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Furthermore, the resulting complex was evaluated as an electrode modifier for the development of amperometric sensors. Upon sufficient negative potential, the bound mercury ions are reduced to form an amalgam with AuNPs‐LS. Thus, the performance of glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by AuNPs‐LS/Hg film was investigated as an electrochemical sensor in the determination of Tl+ ions in a 0.05 M EDTA at pH 4.5. The presence of the mercury containing film improves the analyte accumulation due to its ability to form a fused amalgam with thallium. The presented data indicate that the GCE/AuNPs‐LS/Hg modified electrode shows better performance toward Tl+ determination in comparison to bare GCE. The stripping anodic peak current of thallium was linear over its concentration range from 1.7⋅10−7 to 5.0⋅10−6 M. The detection limit (3σ) was estimated to be 1.4⋅10−7 M. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of thallium ions in real samples of soil derived from the area of the copper smelter near Głogów (Poland).
Development of the selection of trusted informants in the domain of illness
Authors: Toyama Noriko 
Published: June 2017

AbstractThis study examined young children's information‐seeking behavior for illness or injury by (1) identifying primary informants and (2) determining whether children's evaluations of trusted informants change with development. Studies 1a, 1b, 1c, and 1d showed that 3‐ and 4‐year‐old children preferred to ask adults, including experts, as well as familiar and unfamiliar adults, for illnesses and injuries, but did not prefer to ask other children and stuffed animals. It was also shown that 3‐ and 4‐year‐olds' previous experiences of medical examination were not related with their preferences of informants and that they valued doctors' information about specialized knowledge more than mothers' resources. Studies 2a and 2b examined whether evaluations of trusted informants changed with age. Adults tended to differentiate between informants for contagious and allergic illnesses. However, this differentiation was not observed in 4‐, 7‐, and 10‐year‐old children. Adults preferred to seek help from doctors rather than mothers for contagious illnesses and injuries, whereas for allergies they preferred mothers to doctors. However, their reliance on mothers was limited. Preferences for mothers were not observed for nonallergic illnesses, such as headache, toothache, and cancer.Highlights

Three‐ and four‐year‐old preschoolers preferred to ask adults, including experts as well as familiar and unfamiliar adults, for help with illnesses and injuries, rather than other children and stuffed animals.
Three‐ and four‐year‐olds valued doctors' information about medication and causes of illness more than mothers' resources, though such preferences were not observed for daily advice, such as dietary and rest for sick individuals.
With development, evaluations of trusted informants in the domain of illness changed. Adults tended to differentiate between informants for contagious and allergic illnesses; however, this differentiation was not observed for 4‐, 7‐, and 10‐year‐old children.
Proteomic Characterization of Primary Mouse Hepatocytes in Collagen Monolayer and Sandwich Culture
Authors: Orsini Malina , Sperber Saskia , Noor Fozia , Hoffmann Esther , Weber Susanne N. , Hall Rabea A. , Lammert Frank , Heinzle Elmar 
Published: June 2017

ABSTRACTDedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes in vitro makes their application in long‐term studies difficult. Embedding hepatocytes in a sandwich of extracellular matrix is reported to delay the dedifferentiation process to some extent. In this study, we compared the intracellular proteome of primary mouse hepatocytes (PMH) in conventional monolayer cultures (ML) to collagen sandwich culture (SW) after 1 day and 5 days of cultivation. Quantitative proteome analysis of PMH showed no differences between collagen SW and ML cultures after 1 day. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis were strongly affected by long‐term cultivation in both ML and SW cultures. Interestingly, culture conditions had no effect on cellular lipid metabolism. After 5 days, PMH in collagen SW and ML cultures exhibit characteristic indications of oxidative stress. However, in the SW culture the defense system against oxidative stress is significantly up‐regulated to deal with this, whereas in the ML culture a down‐regulation of these important enzymes takes place. Regarding the multiple effects of ROS and oxidative stress in cells, we conclude that the down‐regulation of these enzymes seem to play a role in the loss of hepatic function observed in the ML cultivation. In addition, enzymes of the urea cycle were clearly down‐regulated in ML culture. Proteomics confirms lack in oxidative stress defense mechanisms as the major characteristic of hepatocytes in monolayer cultures compared to sandwich cultures. J. Cell. Biochem. 119: 447–454, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.