bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Genotoxicity Induced by Six Different PBDEs
Authors: Pereira Lílian Cristina , de Souza Alecsandra Oliveira , Meireles Gabriela , Franco‐Bernardes Mariana Furio , Tasso Maria Júlia , Bruno Vítor , Dorta Daniel Junqueira , de Oliveira Danielle Palma 
Published: April 2016

AbstractIndiscriminate use of synthetic substances has led to environmental contamination and increasing human and animal exposure to harmful chemicals. Polybrominated flame retardants (PBDEs), which serve as non‐covalent additives that enhance the safety of a variety of commercial and consumer goods, are an important class among potentially damaging synthetic substances. Its use is very common in developing countries, including Brazil. In theory, 209 different PBDE congeners exist, and many are currently being used during the manufacture of several products. Unfortunately, PBDEs are easily released from the original products, promptly reaching the environment. Knowledge about the toxicological power of these substances is still limited, which has prevented environmental and regulatory authorities from conducting adequate risk assessments. This research addresses the genotoxic and mutagenic potential of PBDEs. The effects of HepG2 cells and Salmonella typhimurium exposure to six main representatives of PBDEs, namely tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐47), pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐99 and BDE‐100), hexabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐153 and BDE‐154) and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE‐209), were evaluated. The comet assay revealed that all the assessed BDEs exerted genotoxic effects but induced no micronuclei formation in HepG2 cells. These BDEs had no significant mutagenic effects on the Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Taken together, the results of the genomic instability assays showed that PBDEs can represent a risk to the health of directly and indirectly exposed population, because the assessed BDEs induce genotoxic effects in the HepG2 cell line.
Evaluation of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether Toxicity on HepG2 Cells – Hexabrominated Congener (BDE‐154) Is Less Toxic than Tetrabrominated Congener (BDE‐47)
Authors: Souza Alecsandra O. , Tasso Maria J. , Oliveira Alana M. C. , Pereira Lilian C. , Duarte Filipe V. , Oliveira Danielle P. , Palmeira Carlos M. , Dorta Daniel J. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractApoptotic cell death is one of the main consequences of exposure to brominated flame retardants, including polybrominated diphenyl ethers. However, few of these compounds have had their potential toxicity investigated. BDE‐154 is one of the most poorly studied polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, but its level in the environment and in biological fluids is rising. In addition, its chemical structure differs from the other congeners with well‐documented toxicity, so BDE‐154 may display a distinct toxicity pattern. This study has evaluated how BDE‐154 affects the human hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) and has looked into the impact of this congener on human health. In addition, this study has related the effects of BDE‐154 with the effects of BDE‐47 to clarify the mechanism of PBDE toxicity. The HepG2 cell line was exposed to BDEs for 24 and 48 hr and submitted to assays to examine proliferation, viability, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species accumulation, phosphatidylserine exposure, nuclear fragmentation and evaluation of pro‐caspase 3, pro‐caspase 9, cytochrome c release, and apoptosis inductor factor release by Western blot analysis. BDE‐154 induced mitochondrial damage and led to apoptotic death of HepG2 cells, but these effects were less intense than the effects promoted by BDE‐47. Unlike other extensively reported congeners, BDE‐154 was only toxic at the higher tested concentrations, whereas BDE‐47 cytotoxicity was evident even at lower concentrations. Hence, like the toxicity pattern of other classes of substances such as polychlorinated biphenyls, the toxicity pattern of BDEs also depends on their chemical structure and aromatic substituent.
Optimized Animal Model of Cyclophosphamide‐induced Bone Marrow Suppression
Authors: Feng Lizhi , Huang Qiuju , Huang Zhiying , Li Hang , Qi Xiaoxiao , Wang Ying , Liu Zhongqiu , Liu Xiaohong , Lu Linlin 
Published: April 2016

AbstractMyelosuppression is one of the serious side effects of anticancer chemotherapeutic drugs that deteriorate the bodily functions of patients, thereby affecting the quality of life considerably. Prevention of myelosuppression in anticancer chemotherapy is an important research topic. A stabilized chemotherapy‐induced myelosuppression animal model is necessary in experimental research. This study aimed to establish an optimized animal model of chemotherapy‐induced bone marrow suppression. After C57BL/6 mice were treated with intermediate‐ and high‐dose (25/50 mg/kg) cyclophosphamide (CTX) for 10 days, the body‐weight, changes in thymus and spleen, number of white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelets (PLTs) and changes in bone marrow in the mice were systematically evaluated at the next 2, 7 and 14 days. Our results demonstrated that CTX treatments could significantly decrease the body‐weight of mice, as well as the ratios of the weights of thymus and spleen to body‐weight. The physiological structures of thymus and spleen were destroyed by CTX treatments. The number of WBCs and RBCs significantly declined after CTX treatments; however, the number of PLTs increased. Moreover, the expression of Sca1 in bone marrow cells decreased on Day 2 but increased on Day 14. The expression of CD34 decreased in bone marrow cells after CTX treatments. In conclusion, mice models, with high‐dose CTX treatments for 10 days, can be an optimized animal model for chemotherapy‐induced bone marrow suppression.
Comparing the effects of derived relational training and computer coding on intellectual potential in school‐age children
Authors: Hayes Jennifer , Stewart Ian 
Published: April 2016

BackgroundPrevious research found that pre‐teenage ability to derive arbitrary ‘same’, ‘opposite’, ‘more’, and ‘less’ relations correlated with measured intelligence quotient (IQ) and that training this derived relational responding (DRR) skill produced substantial IQ rises.AimsThis study extended previous work by comparing the effects of DRR training (using strengthening mental abilities with relational training [SMART], an automated online training protocol) with the effects of a similar quantity of training in ‘Scratch’ computer coding.SampleTwenty‐eight children (13 girls) aged 10–11 (M = 10.34) participated, all members of the same class in a primary school in Co. Limerick, Ireland.MethodsParticipants were tested before and after training for DRR ability as well as on standardized tests of IQ and academic attainment. Training time was limited to 29 hrs over two academic semesters in twice‐weekly 1‐hr instalments.ResultsSignificant improvements were seen in measures of overall intellectual performance; in digit span and letter/number sequencing; and in academic attainment, including spelling, reading, and numerical operations, in the SMART/DRR group alone, and there was significantly more improvement on these measures in the SMART/DRR group than in the Scratch group.ConclusionsThese findings extend the evidence that training DRR can produce improvements in intellectual and academic ability.
The role of extracellular histones in haematological disorders
Authors: Alhamdi Yasir , Toh Cheng‐Hock 
Published: April 2016

SummaryOver the past decades, chromosomal alterations have been extensively investigated for their pathophysiological relevance in haematological malignancies. In particular, epigenetic modifications of intra‐nuclear histones are now known as key regulators of healthy cell cycles that have also evolved into novel therapeutic targets for certain blood cancers. Thus, for most haematologists, histones are DNA‐chained proteins that are buried deep within chromatin. However, the plot has deepened with recent revelations on the function of histones when unchained and released extracellularly upon cell death or from activated neutrophils as part of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Extracellular histones and NETs are increasingly recognized for profound cytotoxicity and pro‐coagulant effects. This article highlights the importance of recognizing this new paradigm of extracellular histones as a key player in host defence through its damage‐associated molecular patterns, which could translate into novel diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in various haematological and critical disorders.
Immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of childhood, adolescent and young adult non‐Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Barth Matthew J. , Chu Yaya , Hanley Patrick J. , Cairo Mitchell S. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryWith the introduction of the anti‐CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab, B‐cell non‐Hodgkin lymphoma was the first malignancy successfully treated with an immunotherapeutic agent. Since then, numerous advances have expanded the repertoire of immunotherapeutic agents available for the treatment of a variety of malignancies, including many lymphoma subtypes. These include the introduction of monoclonal antibodies targeting a variety of cell surface proteins, including the successful targeting of immunoregulatory checkpoint receptors present on T‐cells or tumour cells. Additionally, cellular immunotherapeutic approaches utilize T‐ or Natural Killer‐cells generated with chimeric antigen receptors against cell surface proteins or Epstein–Barr virus‐associated latent membrane proteins. The following review describes the current state of immunotherapy for non‐Hodgkin lymphoma including a summary of currently available data and promising agents currently in clinical development with future promise in the treatment of childhood, adolescent and young adult non‐Hodgkin lymphoma.
Pollen derived low molecular compounds enhance the human allergen specific immune response in vivo
Authors: Gilles‐Stein S. , Beck I. , Chaker A. , Bas M. , McIntyre M. , Cifuentes L. , Petersen A. , Gutermuth J. , Schmidt‐Weber C. , Behrendt H. , Traidl‐Hoffmann C. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryBackgroundBesides allergens, pollen release bioactive, low molecular weight compounds that modulate and stimulate allergic reactions. Clinical relevance of these substances has not been investigated to date.ObjectiveTo elucidate the effect of a non‐allergenic, low molecular weight factors from aqueous birch pollen extracts (Bet‐APE < 3 kDa) on the human allergic immune response in vivo.MethodsBirch and grass pollen allergic individuals underwent skin prick testing with allergen alone, allergen plus Bet‐APE < 3 kDa, or allergen plus pre‐identified candidate substances from low molecular pollen fraction. Nasal allergen challenges were performed in non‐atopic and pollen allergic individuals using a 3 day repeated threshold challenge battery. Subjects were either exposed to allergen alone or to allergen plus Bet‐APE< 3 kDa. Local cytokine levels, nasal secretion weights, nasal congestion and symptom scores were determined.ResultsSkin prick test reactions to pollen elicited larger weals when allergens were tested together with the low molecular weight compounds from pollen. Similar results were obtained with candidate pollen‐associated lipid mediators. In nasal lining fluids of allergic patients challenged with allergen plus Bet‐APE < 3 kDa, IL‐8 and IgE was significantly increased as compared to allergen‐only challenged patients. These patients also produced increased amounts of total nasal secretion and reported more severe rhinorrhea than the allergen‐only challenged group.ConclusionsLow molecular compounds from pollen enhance the allergen specific immune response in the skin and nose. They are therefore of potential clinical relevance in allergic patients.
Cortisol dysregulation is associated with daily diary‐reported hot flashes among midlife women
Authors: Gibson Carolyn J. , Thurston Rebecca C. , Matthews Karen A. 
Published: April 2016

SummaryObjectiveHot flashes are reported by 70–80% of women during the menopause transition. It has been proposed that cortisol dysregulation is involved in hot flashes, but the relationship between cortisol and hot flashes has received little empirical attention. This study examined the relationship between cortisol and daily self‐reported hot flashes.DesignFor 7 days, participants used electronic diaries to report their hot flash frequency, severity and bothersomeness, along with mood and health behaviours, multiple times each day. Participants also provided hair samples for cortisol assays at baseline and morning and bedtime saliva samples for salivary cortisol collection over 3 days during the observation period. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine the relationships between cortisol and hot flashes.ParticipantsForty‐four women (41% African American, 39% non‐Hispanic White) who reported daily hot flashes were enrolled.MeasurementsSalivary cortisol, hair cortisol and the frequency, severity and bothersomeness of daily diary‐reported hot flashes were measured in this study.ResultsControlling for health and demographic variables, higher hair cortisol was associated with a higher frequency of hot flashes (β = 0·05, P = 0·01). A flatter diurnal cortisol slope was associated with greater hot flash severity (β = 0·09, P = 0·03) and bother (β = 0·10, P = 0·01). Hair cortisol was no longer significant after adjusting for depression or disturbed sleep; all other associations persisted.ConclusionCortisol dysregulation was related to more frequent, severe and bothersome daily self‐reported hot flashes. These findings support a potential role of the HPA axis in the aetiology and phenomenology of these common menopause symptoms.
Combination of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors and laser therapy for diabetic macular oedema: a review
Authors: Mehta Hemal , Gillies Mark C , Fraser‐Bell Samantha 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThis review provides a perspective on published and ongoing clinical trials of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors (anti‐VEGF agents) combined with laser therapy for diabetic macular oedema (DMO). Although there was little short‐term benefit in combining prompt macular laser with anti‐VEGF therapy for centre‐involving DMO in the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCRnet) Protocol I study, deferred macular laser was still required in over 40% of study eyes in DRCRnet Protocol T. Macular laser was applied in more than 30% of eyes with centre‐involving DMO receiving ranibizumab in the RISE and RIDE studies. For non centre‐involving DMO the evidence‐base still supports use of focal macular laser alone, although clinicians should be cautious about applying laser too close to the foveal avascular zone with the availability of pharmacotherapy. Ongoing clinical trials are assessing whether selectively targeting areas of peripheral retinal ischaemia with laser reduces the number of anti‐VEGF injections to stabilise DMO and whether combining macular micropulse laser with anti‐VEGF therapy is beneficial in DMO.
Molecular phylogeny of the hyperdiverse genusSarcophaga(Diptera: Sarcophagidae), and comparison between algorithms for identification of rogue taxa
Authors: Buenaventura Eliana , Whitmore Daniel , Pape Thomas 
Published: April 2016

AbstractThe hyperdiverse genusSarcophagaMeigen, with about 890 valid species arranged within 169 subgenera, accounts for almost half of the diversity of the subfamily Sarcophaginae. Current phylogenetic hypotheses for this genus are poorly supported or based on small taxon sets, or both. Here, we use molecular data from the genesCOIand28Sto reconstruct the phylogeny ofSarcophagabased on the most comprehensive sampling for the group to date: 144 species from 47 subgenera, including representatives from all regional faunas for the first time. Of the total sequences ofSarcophagaused in the present study, 94.7% were newly generated. The secondary structure of the D1–D3 expansion segments of28Sis presented for the first time for the family Sarcophagidae, and is used in a multiple sequence alignment. Branch support and tree resolution increased remarkably through rogue taxa identification and exclusion. Rogue behaviour was explained mostly as a missing data problem. The RogueNaRok web service and the algorithmschkmoves, IterPCR andprunmajorimplemented in the computer program TNT were equally good at identifying critical rogue species, butchkmovesand IterPCR also identified rogue clades. Pruning rogues increased the number of monophyletic subgenera in consensus trees from one to six out of 19 subgenera with more than one representative species. Bayesian inference, maximum‐likelihood and parsimony analyses recovered more monophyletic subgenera after the removal of rogue taxa, with parsimony showing the largest improvements in branch support and resolution. Although with low support, Nearctic taxa were found to be the earliest diverging lineages, followed by a subsequent diversification of Old World faunas, which is in agreement with currently available evidence of a New World origin and early diversification ofSarcophaga.
Accuracy comparison of guided surgery for dental implants according to the tissue of support: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Raico Gallardo Yolanda Natali , da Silva‐Olivio Isabela Rodrigues Teixeira , Mukai Eduardo , Morimoto Susana , Sesma Newton , Cordaro Luca 
Published: April 2016

AbstractAimTo systematically assess the current dental literature comparing the accuracy of computer‐aided implant surgery when using different supporting tissues (tooth, mucosa, or bone).Material and MethodsTwo reviewers searched PubMed (1972 to January 2015) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central) (2002 to January 2015). For the assessment of accuracy, studies were included with the following outcome measures: (i) angle deviation, (ii) deviation at the entry point, and (iii) deviation at the apex.ResultsEight clinical studies from the 1602 articles initially identified met the inclusion criteria for the qualitative analysis. Four studies (n = 599 implants) were evaluated using meta‐analysis. The bone‐supported guides showed a statistically significant greater deviation in angle (P < 0.001), entry point (P = 0.01), and the apex (P = 0.001) when compared to the tooth‐supported guides. Conversely, when only retrospective studies were analyzed, not significant differences are revealed in the deviation of the entry point and apex. The mucosa‐supported guides indicated a statistically significant greater reduction in angle deviation (P = 0.02), deviation at the entry point (P = 0.002), and deviation at the apex (P = 0.04) when compared to the bone‐supported guides. Between the mucosa‐ and tooth‐supported guides, there were no statistically significant differences for any of the outcome measures.ConclusionsIt can be concluded that the tissue of the guide support influences the accuracy of computer‐aided implant surgery.
Transforming growth factor‐β, interleukin‐17, and IL‐23 gene expression profiles associated with human peri‐implantitis
Authors: Mardegan Gustavo Pereira , Shibli Jamil Awad , Roth Leandro Amadeu , Faveri Marcelo , Giro Gabriela , Bastos Marta Ferreira 
Published: April 2016

AbstractObjectivesThe mRNA expression profiles of IL‐23/Th17 and the Treg‐associated cytokine TGF‐β in peri‐implantitis are currently under research. This study characterized the IL‐17, IL‐23, and TGF‐β gene expression levels in healthy and diseased peri‐implant tissues and correlated these data with radiographic bone loss.Material and MethodsPeri‐implant soft tissues from 40 subjects (20 healthy controls with mean age of 59.4 ± 6.3, and 20 with peri‐implantitis with mean age of 56.6 ± 5.5) were enrolled in this study, and real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) was used to define the profile of IL‐17, IL‐23, and TGF‐β gene expression.ResultsHigher levels of TGF‐β mRNA were observed in biopsies taken from healthy controls, and the IL‐23 mRNA levels were significantly increased in the peri‐implantitis group (P < 0.0001). No differences in IL‐17 mRNA levels were observed between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsData presented in this report demonstrated a predominant Th17 response in peri‐implantitis subjects based on the higher levels of IL‐23 and lower levels of TGF‐β detected.
The data not collected on community forestry
Authors: Hajjar Reem , Oldekop Johan A. , Cronkleton Peter , Etue Emily , Newton Peter , Russel Aaron J.M. , Tjajadi Januarti Sinarra , Zhou Wen , Agrawal Arun 
Published: April 2016

AbstractConservation and development practitioners increasingly promote community forestry as a way to conserve ecosystem services, consolidate resource rights, and reduce poverty. However, outcomes of community forestry have been mixed; many initiatives failed to achieve intended objectives. There is a rich literature on institutional arrangements of community forestry, but there has been little effort to examine the role of socioeconomic, market, and biophysical factors in shaping both land‐cover change dynamics and individual and collective livelihood outcomes. We systematically reviewed the peer‐reviewed literature on community forestry to examine and quantify existing knowledge gaps in the community‐forestry literature relative to these factors. In examining 697 cases of community forest management (CFM), extracted from 267 peer‐reviewed publications, we found 3 key trends that limit understanding of community forestry. First, we found substantial data gaps linking population dynamics, market forces, and biophysical characteristics to both environmental and livelihood outcomes. Second, most studies focused on environmental outcomes, and the majority of studies that assessed socioeconomic outcomes relied on qualitative data, making comparisons across cases difficult. Finally, there was a heavy bias toward studies on South Asian forests, indicating that the literature on community forestry may not be representative of decentralization policies and CFM globally.
Is a Pink Cow Still a Cow? Individual Differences in Toddlers' Vocabulary Knowledge and Lexical Representations
Authors: Perry Lynn K. , Saffran Jenny R. 
Published: April 2016

AbstractWhen a toddler knows a word, what does she actually know? Many categories have multiple relevant properties; for example, shapeandcolor are relevant to membership in the categorybanana. How do toddlers prioritize these properties when recognizing familiar words, and are there systematic differences among children? In this study, toddlers viewed pairs of objects associated with prototypical colors. On some trials, objects were typically colored (e.g., Holstein cow and pink pig); on other trials, colors were switched (e.g., pink cow and Holstein‐patterned pig). On each trial, toddlers were directed to find a target object. Overall, recognition was disrupted when colors were switched, as measured by eye movements. Moreover, individual differences in vocabularies predicted recognition differences: Toddlers who say fewer shape‐based words were more disrupted by color switches. “Knowing” a word may not mean the same thing for all toddlers; different toddlers prioritize different facets of familiar objects in their lexical representations.