bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term Survivorship and Function of Meniscus Transplantation
Authors: Noyes Frank R. , Barber-Westin Sue D. 
Published: May 2016

Background: Clinical outcomes and survivorship of meniscus transplants remain unclear, especially when magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and weightbearing radiographic findings are included as endpoints. Many studies calculate survivorship based only on subsequent operative procedures. Purpose: We prospectively determined long-term survivorship and functional outcomes of 72 consecutive meniscus transplants. The effects of articular cartilage damage, concurrent osteochondral autograft transfer (20 knees), patient age, and tibiofemoral compartment were evaluated. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: The long-term function and survival rates of 69 of 72 consecutive medial and lateral bone-meniscus-bone transplants (96% follow-up) were determined. Survival endpoints of reoperations, MRI failure (grade 3 signal intensity, extrusion >50% of meniscal width), meniscal tear on examination, and radiographic loss of joint space provided a worst-case outcome. Long-term functional analysis was performed in 58 transplants a mean of 11.9 ± 3.2 years postoperatively. The Cincinnati and International Knee Documentation Committee rating systems were used to evaluate outcomes. Results: For all transplants, the estimated probability of survival was 85% at 2 years, 77% at 5 years, 69% at 7 years, 45% at 10 years, and 19% at 15 years. There were significant improvements for pain, swelling, walking, stair climbing, and patient knee rating ( P < .05). Further surgery was performed in 37 cases. Knees that had concurrent osteochondral autograft transfer had significantly lower survival rates beginning at the seventh postoperative year; however, there was no significant difference in the long-term symptom, function, and patient perception scores between these knees and the rest of the cohort. The factors of articular cartilage damage (grade 2B/3 vs none), patient age (<30 years vs 30-49 years), and tibiofemoral compartment (medial vs lateral) had no significant effect on the survival, symptom, or functional analyses. Conclusion: A survival analysis that includes reoperations, MRI, radiographs, and a comprehensive examination provides a worst-case but realistic analysis of transplant function. Many patients experienced a short- and long-term benefit of reduced symptoms and improved function. However, meniscus transplants undergo a deleterious remodeling process and eventually fail. Patients should be advised that the procedure is not curative in the long term, and additional surgery will likely be required.
Tuberculosis and mental health in the Asia-Pacific
Authors: Mason Paul H , Sweetland Annika C , Fox Greg J , Halovic Shaun , Nguyen Thu Anh , Marks Guy B 
Published: May 2016

Objective: This opinion piece encourages mental health researchers and clinicians to engage with mental health issues among tuberculosis patients in the Asia-Pacific region in a culturally appropriate and ethical manner. The diversity of cultural contexts and the high burden of tuberculosis throughout the Asia-Pacific presents significant challenges. Research into tuberculosis and mental illness in this region is an opportunity to develop more nuanced models of mental illness and treatment, while simultaneously contributing meaningfully to regional tuberculosis care and prevention. Conclusions: We overview key issues in tuberculosis and mental illness co-morbidity, highlight ethical concerns and advocate for a regional approach to tuberculosis and mental health that is consistent with the transnational challenges presented by this airborne infectious disease. Integrating tuberculosis and mental health services will go a long way to addressing the needs of vulnerable populations and stopping the transmission of one of the world’s biggest infectious killers.
Towards a better understanding of standard determination and standard setting in the RANZCP summative assessments
Authors: de Beer Wayne , Bhatt Anita 
Published: May 2016

Objectives: The authors outline the difference between content and performance standards and the rationale for standard setting at a medical college. The principles of the college’s standard setting processes for the written and objective structured clinical examination summative assessments are discussed in greater detail. Conclusion: There is no evidence of any single standard setting method to be the best. Multiple methods exist and will have varied results when applied. The judgement of a panel of subject experts remains an important component of the standard setting process.
The Role of IL-17 in the Pathogenesis of Psoriasis and Update on IL-17 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Plaque Psoriasis
Authors: AbuHilal Mohn’d , Walsh Scott , Shear Neil 
Published: May 2016

Background: Major advances have been made in the understanding of the pathophysiology of psoriasis. Objectives: The authors review the role of interleukin (IL) 17 in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and provide updates on approved and investigational therapies targeting IL-17 and the IL-17 receptor. Methods: A PubMed search was performed for relevant literature. Conclusion: The IL-23/Th17 signaling pathway (including IL-17) plays a central role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Biologic agents that block IL-17 (secukinumab and ixekizumab) or its receptor (brodalumab) are effective and safe for the treatment of psoriasis.
Helping expectant mothers understand inadequate ultrasound images
Authors: Oates Crispian , Taylor Paula 
Published: May 2016

Background Obstetric ultrasound scans may fail to provide all the information that is needed because of poor visualisation. Two main causes of poor visualisation are addressed. These are poor foetal position and poor quality imaging due to beam distortion by overlying fatty tissue. Method To improve communication with patients attending obstetric scans, a poster and leaflet were designed to explain these causes of inadequate scans. A questionnaire was used to assess the value of the poster. Results 57/66 (86%) questionnaires were completed. 52 (91%) found the information on the poster was helpful and well explained. For 8 (14%) the information changed their thoughts about the scan. Conclusion Clear communication aids the expectant mothers understanding of why scans may be suboptimal. The way this is recorded in the scan results is discussed.
Angiopoietin-1 receptor Tie2 distinguishes multipotent differentiation capability in bovine coccygeal nucleus pulposus cells
Authors: Tekari Adel , Chan Samantha C. W. , Sakai Daisuke , Grad Sibylle , Gantenbein Benjamin 
Published: May 2016

Abstract
Background
The intervertebral disc (IVD) has limited self-healing potential and disc repair strategies require an appropriate cell source such as progenitor cells that could regenerate the damaged cells and tissues. The objective of this study was to identify nucleus pulposus-derived progenitor cells (NPPC) and examine their potential in regenerative medicine in vitro.

Methods
Nucleus pulposus cells (NPC) were obtained from 1-year-old bovine coccygeal discs by enzymatic digestion and were sorted for the angiopoietin-1 receptor Tie2. The obtained Tie2– and Tie2+ fractions of cells were differentiated into osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. Colony-forming units were prepared from both cell populations and the colonies formed were analyzed and quantified after 8 days of culture. In order to improve the preservation of the Tie2+ phenotype of NPPC in monolayer cultures, we tested a selection of growth factors known to have stimulating effects, cocultured NPPC with IVD tissue, and exposed them to hypoxic conditions (2 % O2).

Results
After 3 weeks of differentiation culture, only the NPC that were positive for Tie2 were able to differentiate into osteocytes, adipocytes, and chondrocytes as characterized by calcium deposition (p < 0.0001), fat droplet formation (p < 0.0001), and glycosaminoglycan content (p = 0.0095 vs. Tie2– NPC), respectively. Sorted Tie2– and Tie2+ subpopulations of cells both formed colonies; however, the colonies formed from Tie2+ cells were spheroid in shape, whereas those from Tie2– cells were spread and fibroblastic. In addition, Tie2+ cells formed more colonies in 3D culture (p = 0.011) than Tie2– cells. During expansion, a fast decline in the fraction of Tie2+ cells was observed (p < 0.0001), which was partially reversed by low oxygen concentration (p = 0.0068) and supplementation of the culture with fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) (p < 0.0001).

Conclusions
Our results showed that the bovine nucleus pulposus contains NPPC that are Tie2+. These cells fulfilled formally progenitor criteria that were maintained in subsequent monolayer culture for up to 7 days by addition of FGF2 or hypoxic conditions. We propose that the nucleus pulposus represents a niche of precursor cells for regeneration of the IVD.
Genomic resources and draft assemblies of the human and porcine varieties of scabies mites, Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis and var. suis
Authors: Mofiz Ehtesham , Deborah C , Seemann Torsten , Currie Bart J , Fischer Katja , Papenfuss Anthony T 
Published: May 2016

Abstract

Background:
The scabies mite, Sarcoptes scabiei, is a parasitic arachnid and cause of the infectious skin disease scabies in humans and mange in other animal species. Scabies infections are a major health problem, particularly in remote Indigenous communities in Australia, where secondary group A streptococcal and Staphylococcus aureus infections of scabies sores are thought to drive the high rate of rheumatic heart disease and chronic kidney disease.

Results:
We sequenced the genome of two samples of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis obtained from unrelated patients with crusted scabies located in different parts of northern Australia using the Illumina HiSeq. We also sequenced samples of Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis from a pig model. Because of the small size of the scabies mite, these data are derived from pools of thousands of mites and are metagenomic, including host and microbiome DNA. We performed cleaning and de novo assembly and present Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis and var. suis draft reference genomes. We have constructed a preliminary annotation of this reference comprising 13,226 putative coding sequences based on sequence similarity to known proteins.

Conclusions
We have developed extensive genomic resources for the scabies mite, including reference genomes and a preliminary annotation
The dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitors vildagliptin and K-579 inhibit a phospholipase C: a case of promiscuous scaffolds in proteins
Authors: Chakraborty Sandeep , Rendón-Ramírez Adela , Ásgeirsson Bjarni , Dutta Mouparna , Ghosh Anindya S. , Oda Masataka , Venkatramani Ravindra , Rao Basuthkar J. , Dandekar Abhaya M. , Goñi Félix M. 
Published: May 2016

The long term side effects of any newly introduced drug is a subject of intense research, and often raging controversies. One such example is the dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP4) inhibitor used for treating type 2 diabetes, which is inconclusively implicated in increased susceptibility to acute pancreatitis. Previously, based on a computational analysis of the spatial and electrostatic properties of active site residues, we have demonstrated that phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from Bacillus cereus is a prolyl peptidase using in vivo experiments. In the current work, we first report the inhibition of the native activity of PI-PLC by two DPP4 inhibitors - vildagliptin (LAF-237) and K-579. While vildagliptin inhibited PI-PLC at micromolar concentrations, K-579 was a potent inhibitor even at nanomolar concentrations. Subsequently, we queried a comprehensive, non-redundant set of 5000 human proteins (50% similarity cutoff) with known structures using serine protease (SPASE) motifs derived from trypsin and DPP4. A pancreatic lipase and a gastric lipase are among the proteins that are identified as proteins having promiscuous SPASE scaffolds that could interact with DPP4 inhibitors. The presence of such scaffolds in human lipases is expected since they share the same catalytic mechanism with PI-PLC. However our methodology also detects other proteins, often with a completely different enzymatic mechanism, that have significantly congruent domains with the SPASE motifs. The reported elevated levels of serum lipase, although contested, could be rationalized by inhibition of lipases reported here. In an effort to further our understanding of the spatial and electrostatic basis of DPP4 inhibitors, we have also done a comprehensive analysis of all 76 known DPP4 structures liganded to inhibitors till date. Also, the methodology presented here can be easily adopted for other drugs, and provide the first line of filtering in the identification of pathways that might be inadvertently affected due to promiscuous scaffolds in proteins.
Stochastic Dominance Analysis Without the Independence Axiom
Authors: Cerreia-Vioglio Simone , Maccheroni Fabio , Marinacci Massimo 
Published: May 2016

We characterize the consistency of a large class of nonexpected utility preferences (including mean-variance preferences and prospect theory preferences) with stochastic orders (for example, stochastic dominances of different degrees). Our characterization rests on a novel decision theoretic result that provides a behavioral interpretation of the set of all derivatives of the functional representing the decision maker’s preferences. As an illustration, we consider in some detail prospect theory and choice-acclimating preferences, two popular models of reference dependence under risk, and we show the incompatibility of loss aversion with prudence. This paper was accepted by James Smith, decision analysis.
Creating Reciprocal Value Through Operational Transparency
Authors: Buell Ryan W. , Kim Tami , Tsay Chia-Jung 
Published: May 2016

We investigate whether organizations can create value by introducing visual transparency between consumers and producers. Although operational transparency has been shown to improve consumer perceptions of service value, existing theory posits that increased contact between consumers and producers may diminish work performance. Two field and two laboratory experiments in food service settings suggest that transparency that (1) allows customers to observe operational processes (process transparency) and (2) allows employees to observe customers (customer transparency) not only improves customer perceptions but also increases service quality and efficiency. The introduction of this transparency contributed to a 22.2% increase in customer-reported quality and reduced throughput times by 19.2%. Laboratory studies revealed that customers who observed process transparency perceived greater employee effort and thus were more appreciative of the employees and valued the service more. Employees who observed customer transparency felt that their work was more appreciated and more impactful and thus were more satisfied with their work and more willing to exert effort. We find that transparency, by visually revealing operating processes to consumers and beneficiaries to producers, generates a positive feedback loop through which value is created for both parties. Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2015.2411 . This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
The First Deal: The Division of Founder Equity in New Ventures
Authors: Hellmann Thomas , Wasserman Noam 
Published: May 2016

We examine the trade-off between efficiency and equality within the context of entrepreneurial founding teams. Using a formal theory where founders may have preferences over relative outcomes, we derive predictions about the antecedents and consequences of dividing equity equally among all founders. Using proprietary survey data, we empirically test the predictions. Our central finding is that teams that split equity equally are less likely to raise funds from outside investors. The relationship appears not to be causal, but instead driven by selection effects across heterogeneous teams with varying degrees of inequality aversion. This paper was accepted by David Hsu, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Undertaking special observation of patients with neurological conditions: evaluation of a training programme for HCAs
Authors: Flynn Sarah , Prescott Trish , Jinks Annette 
Published: May 2016

This paper reports on a study carried out at an acute neurosciences hospital trust. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of a training programme for healthcare assistants undertaking special observation of patients. Some patients being cared for at the hospital have neurological complaints that are accompanied by confusion and agitation and they require close observation, in order to preserve their own and others' safety. The literature review revealed an abundance of literature related to special observation in mental health care. However, there is very little research related to the care of patients with neurological conditions. Some 20 experienced, female, healthcare assistants took part in the training programme. At the start of the study, their attitudes to undertaking special observation were negative. The training programme included topics such as communication, management of extreme agitation, de-escalation strategies and diversional activities. Participants' confidence levels concerning assessment for suitable activities, using distraction techniques, de-escalation and restraint methods increased on completion of the programme. It is concluded that caring for confused patients in acute hospital settings may sometimes be a passive, non-therapeutic type activity. Increasing the range of patient activities available and encouraging meaningful interactions with carers and patients will improve the caring experience for all concerned.
Care Certificate Standard 13: health and safety; and Standard 14: handling information
Authors: Peate Ian 
Published: May 2016

Health and safety in the workplace is everyone's responsibility. While employers have the greatest responsibility with regards to health and safety in the workplace, the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) have important duties to perform in order to keep the workplace safe. The employer has the most authority regarding health and safety issues. This article, discussing standard 13 of the care certificate relating to health and safety, offers a broad overview of the key issues. Standard 14 is concerned with the handling of information, outlining the agreed ways of working and the legislation associated with the recording, storing and sharing of information. It is essential to have secure systems in place for recording and storing information, as this protects and safeguards each individual's human rights.
EVOLUÇÃO URBANA E QUESTÕES SOCIOAMBIENTAIS: UM ESTUDO DE CASO DA OCUPAÇÃO DAS MARGENS DO RIO AMAZONAS NO BAIRRO DE ARAXÁ, MACAPÁ, AMAPÁ BRASIL
Authors: Maurício da Costa Jodival , De Almeida Sacramento Kelvin 
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo centra-se em investigar como se configura o espaço urbano do Araxá, na cidade de Macapá, estado do Amapá, Brasil; especificamente na orla do bairro e a relação dos moradores com este ambiente. O trabalho busca estudar se as atuais propostas de intervenção que envolvem a área de estudo e as famílias que ali residem estão em consonância com o anseio da população local. Para tal, caracterizou-se a área de estudo quanto à infraestrutura urbana, fez-se entrevista com os moradores locais para caracterização dos mesmos no que diz respeito às questões socioeconômicas, além de perceber a relação dos habitantes da área com o local e se há satisfação com a atual proposta de intervenção pensada pelo Estado. Precedente à caracterização da área, estudou-se o proceso de urbanização das cidades e as principais transformações no espaço amapaense, a fim de compreender o surgimento de espaços desiguais, oriundos do crescimento urbano das cidades, através de revisão bibliográfica. Concluiu-se que as atuais propostas estão dissociadas e alheias ao anseio dos envolvidos nas áreas de intervenção. ABSTRACT This article focuses on investigating how the urban space of Araxá is configured -specifically on the border of the neighborhood and the residents’ relationship with this environment. The job aims at studying if the current proposals for intervention involving the study area and the families who reside there are in line with the desire of the local population. For this purpose, the study area was identified in regards to urban infrastructure; interviews were made to local residents to identify the socio-economic issues, as well as to understand the relationship of the inhabitants of the area with the location, and to know if they are satisfied with the current proposal of intervention intended by the State. Before identifying the area, the urbanization process of towns and major transformations in space Amapá were analyzed in order to understand the emergence of unequal spaces, from the urban development of the cities, through bibliographical revision. It was concluded that the current proposals are disjoined and far from the expectations of those involved in the areas of intervention.
Uso/cobertura de la tierra en los cantones de Upala, Guatuso y Los Chiles en el año 2011
Authors: Barrantes-Sotela Omar , Sandoval-Murillo Luis 
Published: May 2016

El Uso de la tierra es una herramienta fundamental para identificar las diversas actividades agroeconómicas y los recursos naturales, presentes en un área determinada. Sin embargo, la evidente desactualización en más de treinta y cinco años de la información espacial sobre los usos y coberturas de la tierra en los cantones Upala, Guatuso y Los Chiles de la provincia Alajuela, Costa Rica limita la toma de decisiones entorno al ordenamiento territorial; el cual busca sustentar un desarrollo equilibrado entre los diversos actores presentes en el territorio. Mediante el uso de métodos de teledetección se identifican los principales usos y coberturas de la tierra en el año 2011 en estos cantones, información que es utilizada como un instrumento decisivo en la generación de otros insumos necesarios en la elaboración de las propuestas técnicas sobre la planificación y el ordenamiento territorial de la zona. ABSTRACTThe use of land is essential to identify different agro-economic activities and natural resources present in a specific area. However, the lack of updated spatial information –for more than thirty-five years, regarding the uses and coverages of land in Upala, Guatuso and Los Chiles, Alajuela, Costa Rica has limited the decision-making process concerning land planning, which aims at supporting a balanced development between different entities in the territory. Using remote sensing methods major land uses and land covers were identified in 2011 for these cantons. This information serves as a critical tool to generate other inputs required in the preparation of technical proposals on planning and land use planning.
Role of the School Nurse in Providing School Health Services
Authors:   COUNCIL ON SCHOOL HEALTH, Holmes Breena Welch , Sheetz Anne , Allison Mandy , Ancona Richard , Attisha Elliott , Beers Nathaniel , De Pinto Cheryl , Gorski Peter , Kjolhede Chris , Lerner Marc , Weiss-Harrison Adrienne , Young Thomas 
Published: May 2016

This Policy Statement was reaffirmed July 2023.
The American Academy of Pediatrics recognizes the important role school nurses play in promoting the optimal biopsychosocial health and well-being of school-aged children in the school setting. Although the concept of a school nurse has existed for more than a century, uniformity among states and school districts regarding the role of a registered professional nurse in schools and the laws governing it are lacking. By understanding the benefits, roles, and responsibilities of school nurses working as a team with the school physician, as well as their contributions to school-aged children, pediatricians can collaborate with, support, and promote school nurses in their own communities, thus improving the health, wellness, and safety of children and adolescents.