bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Novel Mealtime Duration Measures: Reliability and Preliminary Associations With Clinical Feeding and Swallowing Performance in Self-Feeding Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Mishra Avinash , Sheppard Justine J. , Kantarcigil Cagla , Gordon Andrew M. , Malandraki Georgia A. 
Published: December 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this study is to examine (a) the reliability of newly developed measures of mealtime duration and (b) their relationship to clinical feeding/swallowing performance in children with spastic cerebral palsy (SCP).

Method
Seventeen self-feeding children (9 boys, 8 girls) with SCP (age range = 5;1 [years;months] to 17;6, Gross Motor Function Classification System range = I–IV) were assessed during mealtimes using the Dysphagia Disorder Survey (DDS; Sheppard, Hochman, & Baer, 2014). Children were divided into 2 groups, children with primarily unilateral or bilateral brain involvement. Duration measures included mealtime duration and total sip/bite duration for each bolus type (liquid and solid).

Results

Excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability for all duration measures was observed (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 1.00 and 0.955, respectively, for mealtime duration; ICC = 1.00 and 0.963, respectively, for solid/bite duration; ICC = 1.00 and 0.957, respectively, for liquid/sip duration). Positive correlations were found between total mealtime duration and DDS Part 1,
r

s

= .514 [.045–.797],
p
= .035; Part 2,
r

s

= .528 [.064–.804],
p
= .029; and total scores,
r

s

= .665 [.271–.868],
p
= .004, and between total solid/bite duration and DDS Part 1,
r

s

= .579 [.137–.828],
p
= .015; Part 2,
r

s

= .620 [.199–.847],
p
= .007; and total scores,
r

s

= .762 [.444–.909],
p
< .001. Children with unilateral brain involvement exhibited significantly lower DDS total (
p
= .049) and Part 2 scores (
p
= .026), indicating better feeding/swallowing performance/skills. They also had shorter mealtime duration (
p
= .019) and solid/bite duration (
p
= .025) compared with children with bilateral involvement.

Conclusions
Our new mealtime duration measures are reliable and correlate with feeding/swallowing performance in a sample of self-feeding children with SCP. Therefore, they may be useful supplements to feeding/swallowing assessments for this population.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.5715076
Energy spectra of carbon and oxygen with HELIOS E6
Authors: Marquardt J. , Heber B. , Potgieter M. S. , Strauss R. D. 
Published: December 2017

Context. Anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are well-suited to probe the transport conditions of cosmic rays in the inner heliosphere. We revisit the HELIOS data not only in view of the upcoming Solar Orbiter experiment but also to put constraints on particle transport models in order to provide new insight into the boundary conditions close to the Sun.
Aims. We present here the energy spectra of galactic cosmic ray (GCR) carbon and oxygen, as well as of ACR oxygen during solar quiet time periods between 1975 to 1977, utilizing both HELIOS spacecraft at distances between ~0.3 and 1 AU. The radial gradient (Gr ≈ 50%/AU) of 9–28.5 MeV ACR oxygen in the inner heliosphere is about three times larger than the one determined between 1 and 10 AU by utilizing the Pioneer 10 measurements.
Methods. The chemical composition as well as the energy spectra have been derived by applying the dE∕dx − E-method. In order to derive these values, special characteristics of the instrument have been taken into account.
Results. A good agreement of the GCR energy spectra of carbon and oxygen measured by the HELIOS E6 instrument between 0.3 and 1 AU and the Interplanetary Monitoring Platform (IMP) 8 at 1 AU was found. For ACR oxygen, we determined a radial gradient of about 50%/AU that is three times larger than the one between 7 and 14 AU, indicating a strong change in the inner heliosphere.
Durability of Telbivudine-Associated Improvement of Renal Function Following Withdrawal or Switching of Antivirals in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients
Authors: Hsu Chao-Wei , Chen Yi-Cheng , Chang Ming-Ling , Lin Chen-Chun , Lin Shi-Ming , Chen Wei-Ting , Chu Yu-De , Yeh Chau-Ting 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Background
Besides antiviral activities against hepatitis B virus (HBV), telbivudine has an extrahepatic pharmaceutical effect: to improve renal function assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). However, the durability of this effect after withdrawal of telbivudine or switching to other antivirals has never been investigated.

Methods
We conducted a postmarketing, real-world observation study for telbivudine treatment. The durability of telbivudine-associated renal function improvement was examined following withdrawal/switching of antivirals.

Results
Of 160 telbivudine-treated, chronic hepatitis B patients, 21, 6, and 2 patients were loss to follow-up, dead, and pregnant during the study, respectively. Of the remaining 131 patients, 26, 47, 28, and 30 patients experienced telbivudine withdrawal, continuous use of telbivudine, switching to entecavir, or switching to tenofovir, respectively. During the first 2 years, eGFR in telbivudine-treated patients significantly improved before withdrawal/switching of antivirals (P = .009). Thereafter, eGFR remained unchanged for &gt;1 year in the withdrawal (P = .100) and continuous use (P = .517) subgroups, but decreased significantly in the switching to entecavir (P = .002) and switching to tenofovir (P &lt; .001) subgroups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that switching to tenofovir and poor liver functional reserve were predictors for eGFR deterioration.

Conclusions
Telbivudine-associated renal function improvement was durable after withdrawal or continuous use of telbivudine. However, renal function deteriorated if patients were switched to entecavir or tenofovir.
Detection of the thermal component in GRB 160107A
Authors: Kawakubo Yuta , Sakamoto Takanori , Nakahira Satoshi , Yamaoka Kazutaka , Serino Motoko , Asaoka Yoichi , Cherry Michael L , Matsukawa Shohei , Mori Masaki , Nakagawa Yujin , Ozawa Shunsuke , Penacchioni Ana V , Ricciarini Sergio B , Tezuka Akira , Torii Shoji , Yamada Yusuke , Yoshida Atsumasa 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We present the detection of a blackbody component in gamma-ray burst GRB 160107A emission by using the combined spectral data of the CALET Gamma-ray Burst Monitor (CGBM) and the MAXI Gas Slit Camera (GSC). MAXI/GSC detected the emission ∼45 s prior to the main burst episode observed by the CGBM. The MAXI/GSC and the CGBM spectrum of this prior emission period is fitted well by a blackbody with temperature $1.0^{+0.3}_{-0.2}$ keV plus a power law with a photon index of −1.6 ± 0.3. We discuss the radius of the photospheric emission and the main burst emission based on the observational properties. We stress the importance of coordinated observations via various instruments collecting high-quality data over a broad energy coverage in order to understand the GRB prompt emission mechanism.
Ultrasound Biomicroscopic Diagnosis of Angle-closure Mechanisms in Vietnamese Subjects With Unilateral Angle-closure Glaucoma
Authors: Do Tan , Nguyen Xuan Hiep , Dao Lam Huong , Tran Tien Dat , Nguyen Thi Thuy Giang , Nguyen Do Ngoc Hien , Verma Sushma , Aung Tin 
Published: December 2017

Objective:
To identify the mechanisms of angle closure in the fellow eyes of Vietnamese subjects with unilateral primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) using ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) before and after prophylactic laser peripheral iridotomy (LPI).

Design:
This is a prospective observational study.

Participants:
Patients diagnosed with PACG in one eye and primary angle-closure suspect (PACS) in the other eye were included in this study, conducted from January 2014 to October 2014 at Vietnam National Institute of Ophthalmology.

Materials and Methods:
A total of 112 PACS fellow eyes of 112 patients presenting with unilateral PACG were evaluated. All subjects underwent standard ophthalmic clinical examination and UBM imaging a week before and after LPI. On the basis of UBM images, the angle-closure mechanism was defined according to the classification of Svend Vedel Kessing and John Thygesen as pupillary block (PB), plateau iris (PI), and mixed pattern.

Results:
The proportion of PACS subjects who showed PB was 86.6%, while 13.4% showed a PI configuration before LPI. After LPI the pre-LPI PB group was reclassified, with 55.4% showing pure PB, and 31.3% showing mixed mechanisms (PB and PI). The proportion of patients with PI remained unchanged (13.4%) even after LPI. After the LPI, the angle opening significantly increased in the PB subgroup (14.01±2.43 degrees, P<0.01) and reclassified mixed group (6.34±1.71 degrees, P<0.01) but remained almost unchanged in the PI group (1.81±0.98 degrees, P>0.05).

Conclusion:
On the basis of the UBM criteria, PI was found in 13.4% of PACS fellow eyes of Vietnamese subjects with PACG. The clinical and UBM features of patients showing PI before LPI remained almost unchanged after the procedure. The proportion of patients showing PB pre-LPI reduced from 86.6% to 55.4% showing the important role of mixed mechanisms in PACG.
Local Health Departments’ Promotion of Mental Health Care and Reductions in 30-Day All-Cause Readmission Rates in Maryland
Authors: Chen Jie , Novak Priscilla , Barath Deanna , Goldman Howard , Mortensen Karoline 
Published: December 2017

Background:
Individuals affected with mental health conditions, including mood disorders and substance abuse, are at an increased risk of hospital readmission.

Objectives:
The objective of this study is to examine whether local health departments’ (LHDs) active roles of promoting mental health are associated with reductions in 30-day all-cause readmission rates, a common quality metric.

Methods:
Using datasets linked from multiple sources, including 2012–2013 State Inpatient Databases for the State of Maryland, the National Association of County and City Health Officials Profiles Survey, the Area Health Resource File, and US Census data, we employed multivariate logistic models to examine whether LHDs’ active provision of mental health preventive care, mental health services, and health promotion were associated with the likelihood of having any 30-day all-cause readmission.

Results:
Multivariate logistic regressions showed that LHDs’ provision of mental health preventive care, mental health services, and health promotion were negatively associated with the likelihoods of having any 30-day readmission for adults 18–64 years old (odds ratios=0.71–0.82, P<0.001), and adults 65 and above (odds ratios=0.61–0.63, P<0.001, preventive care and services, respectively). These estimated associations were more prominent among individuals with mental illness and/or substance use disorders, African Americans, Medicare, and Medicaid enrollees.

Conclusions:
Our results suggest that LHDs in Maryland that engage in mental health prevention, promotion, and coordination activities are associated with benefits for residents and for the health care system at large. Additional research is needed to evaluate LHD activities in other states to determine if these results are generalizable.
A Case of Fatal Cerebral Air Embolism After Blunt Lung Trauma
Authors: Mercurio Isabella , Capano Daniele , Torre Riccardo , Taddei Aldo , Troiano Gianmarco , Scialpi Michele , Gabbrielli Mario 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Cerebral air embolism is caused by gas bubbles in the vascular system. These bubbles can cause cerebral ischemia by obstructing encephalic blood vessels. It is frequently associated with blunt and penetrating chest trauma as well as iatrogenic interventions. Lung trauma involving laceration of the respiratory tract, lung parenchyma, and blood vessels may result in direct communication of these structures, driving air or gas into the pulmonary venous system. We report a case of a blunt chest trauma that led to massive arterial air embolism that was possible to recognize with the help of postmortem computed tomographic scan examination.
Mineral Facilitated Horizontal Gene Transfer: A New Principle for Evolution of Life?
Authors: Sand K.K. , Jelavić S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractA number of studies have highlighted that adsorption to minerals increases DNA longevity in the environment. Such DNA-mineral associations can essentially serve as pools of genes that can be stored across time. Importantly, this DNA is available for incorporation into alien organisms through the process of horizontal gene transfer. Here we argue that minerals hold an unrecognized potential for successfully transferring genetic material across environments and timescales to distant organisms and hypothesize that this process has significantly influenced the evolution of life. Our hypothesis is illustrated in the context of the evolution of early microbial life and the oxygenation of the Earth’s atmosphere and offers an explanation for observed outbursts of evolutionary events caused by horizontal gene transfer.
Real-time visual interactions across the boundary of awareness
Authors: Meital-Kfir Noya , Sagi Dov 
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACTThe relationship between our conscious experiences of the visual world and the neuronal processes involved in the processing of visual information is a central theme of current research. However, it is not yet known whether conscious experiences possess unique quantitative or qualitative processing features. Recently we have shown that two visual stimuli, one consciously experienced and one not, interact as function of features and objects similarity, pointing to preserved visual representations in the absence of perceptual awareness. Here we ask whether these representations can be modified in the absence of perceptual awareness by testing interactions while the unperceived stimulus is being modified outside of one’s awareness. Observers performed a Motion Induced Blindness task, wherein a plaid ‘Target’ was morphed into a Gabor patch once disappearance was reported. Reappearances of the morphed target were induced by a visible ‘Cue’. Our results indicate that the effectiveness of the cue depends on the target representation during the time of suppression. Reappearance rates were highest when the morphed target and the cue share the same orientations. Our findings indicate that the target-cue interactions do not depend on memory-stored representations, but rather on the current state of the consciously unavailable target. We conclude that visual representations can be modified in the absence of conscious perception.
Little impact of over‐winter parasitism on a free‐ranging ungulate in the high Arctic
Authors: Carlsson Anja Morven , Albon Steve D. , Coulson Stephen J. , Ropstad Erik , Stien Audun , Wilson Kenneth , Loe Leif Egil , Veiberg Vebjørn , Irvine Robert Justin 
Published: December 2017

Abstract

Macroparasites have a central place in wildlife ecology because they have the potential to regulate host populations through effects on reproduction and/or survival. However, there remains a paucity of studies that have demonstrated the regulatory role of these parasites in free‐ranging animals.

Previous work on Svalbard reindeer demonstrated that the experimental removal of the parasitic gastrointestinal nematode Ostertagia gruehneri transmitted in summer, improved reindeer fecundity, and that the species was capable of mediating a density‐dependent reduction in fecundity.

The main coexisting parasitic nematode in the system, Marshallagia marshalli, exhibits a contrasting life history with low abundances in summer and an increase during the winter. Here, we examine the impact of this over‐winter infection on fitness of female reindeer in the same population.

Worm burdens were removed at the start of the winter in October using a novel delayed‐release anthelmintic bolus. Body mass and pregnancy rates were recorded for animals recaptured five (February) and seven (April) months later. The sub‐set of treated animals recaptured in February was treated again with anthelmintic to remove newly acquired nematodes. The experiment was replicated over six winters (2006/2007‐2011/2012) with a total of 343 recaptures, comprising 145 individual animals.

We found little effect of anthelmintic treatment on reindeer body mass or pregnancy rates during the winter, suggesting that nematode infection during this time does not significantly affect fitness of Svalbard reindeer.

Our studies are consistent with marked virulence nutritional trade‐offs in this system and highlights the need to integrate studies of parasite co‐infection, interspecific competition and community ecology to understand parasite impacts on hosts.

A plain language summary is available for this article.
Value Added and Employment Growth in EU Primary Agriculture and Food Processing
Authors: Donnellan Trevor , Hanrahan Kevin 
Published: December 2017

SummaryThe relative economic importance of agri‐food production in EU Member States is in decline. This article examines the relationship between primary and processing agri‐food sectors at the Member State level in the European Union, focusing on value added and employment trends. Notable differences are observed in the performance of the agri‐food sector between the Member States, and substantially different economic developments are evident in the primary and processing sectors. The agricultural and food processing sectors remained more important in the economies of the EU Member States of Central and Eastern Europe than in those of Western Europe. The composition of primary agricultural output and the associated strength of the processing sector can partially determine the growth in incomes and employment that individual Member States can hope to derive from developments in their agri‐food sectors. This suggests that the agri‐food sectors in individual Member States have differing future income and employment‐generating capacity, and generally limited employment growth potential, with associated implications for the design of future agri‐food policy.
Reducing cryptic relatedness in genomic data sets via a central node exclusion algorithm
Authors: Fonseca Pablo A. S. , Leal Thiago P. , Santos Fernanda C. , Gouveia Mateus H. , Id‐Lahoucine Samir , Rosse Izinara C. , Ventura Ricardo V. , Bruneli Frank A. T. , Machado Marco A. , Peixoto Maria Gabriela C. D. , Tarazona‐Santos Eduardo , Carvalho Maria Raquel S. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractCryptic relatedness is a confounding factor in genetic diversity and genetic association studies. Development of strategies to reduce cryptic relatedness in a sample is a crucial step for downstream genetic analyses. This study uses a node selection algorithm, based on network degrees of centrality, to evaluate its applicability and impact on evaluation of genetic diversity and population stratification. 1,036 Guzerá (Bos indicus) females were genotyped using Illumina Bovine SNP50 v2 BeadChip. Four strategies were compared. The first and second strategies consist on a iterative exclusion of most related individuals based on PLINK kinship coefficient (φij) and VanRaden's φij, respectively. The third and fourth strategies were based on a node selection algorithm. The fourth strategy, Network G matrix, preserved the larger number of individuals with a better diversity and representation from the initial sample. Determining the most probable number of populations was directly affected by the kinship metric. Network G matrix was the better strategy for reducing relatedness due to producing a larger sample, with more distant individuals, a more similar distribution when compared with the full data set in the MDS plots and keeping a better representation of the population structure. Resampling strategies using VanRaden's φij as a relationship metric was better to infer the relationships among individuals. Moreover, the resampling strategies directly impact the genomic inflation values in genomewide association studies. The use of the node selection algorithm also implies better selection of the most central individuals to be removed, providing a more representative sample.
Screening for problem gambling within mental health services: a comparison of the classification accuracy of brief instruments
Authors: Dowling Nicki A. , Merkouris Stephanie S. , Manning Victorian , Volberg Rachel , Lee Stuart J. , Rodda Simone N. , Lubman Dan I. 
Published: December 2017

AbstractBackground and aimsDespite the over‐representation of people with gambling problems in mental health populations, there is limited information available to guide the selection of brief screening instruments within mental health services. The primary aim was to compare the classification accuracy of nine brief problem gambling screening instruments (two to five items) with a reference standard among patients accessing mental health services.DesignThe classification accuracy of nine brief screening instruments was compared with multiple cut‐off scores on a reference standard.SettingEight mental health services in Victoria, Australia.ParticipantsA total of 837 patients were recruited consecutively between June 2015 and January 2016.MeasurementsThe brief screening instruments were the Lie/Bet Questionnaire, Brief Problem Gambling Screen (BPGS) (two‐ to five‐item versions), NODS‐CLiP, NODS‐CLiP2, Brief Biosocial Gambling Screen (BBGS) and NODS‐PERC. The Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) was the reference standard.FindingsThe five‐item BPGS was the only instrument displaying satisfactory classification accuracy in detecting any level of gambling problem (low‐risk, moderate‐risk or problem gambling) (sensitivity = 0.803, specificity = 0.982, diagnostic efficiency = 0.943). Several shorter instruments adequately detected both problem and moderate‐risk, but not low‐risk, gambling: two three‐item instruments (NODS‐CLiP, three‐item BPGS) and two four‐item instruments (NODS‐PERC, four‐item BPGS) (sensitivity = 0.854–0.966, specificity = 0.901–0.954, diagnostic efficiency = 0.908–0.941). The four‐item instruments, however, did not provide any considerable advantage over the three‐item instruments. Similarly, the very brief (two‐item) instruments (Lie/Bet and two‐item BPGS) adequately detected problem gambling (sensitivity = 0.811–0.868, specificity = 0.938–0.943, diagnostic efficiency = 0.933–0.934), but not moderate‐risk or low‐risk gambling.ConclusionsThe optimal brief screening instrument for mental health services wanting to screen for any level of gambling problem is the five‐item Brief Problem Gambling Screen (BPGS). Services wanting to employ a shorter instrument or to screen only for more severe gambling problems (moderate‐risk/problem gambling) can employ the NODS‐CLiP or the three‐item BPGS. Services that are only able to accommodate a very brief instrument can employ the Lie/Bet Questionnaire or the two‐item BPGS.