bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On constructional blocking of metonymies
Authors: Brdar Mario , Brdar-Szabó Rita 
Published: August 2017

AbstractThe interaction between metonymy and grammar is commonly understood, in keeping with the classical cognitive linguistic doctrine about cognitive operations motivating linguistic structures, as unilateral – conceptual metaphor and metonymy shaping the grammatical system. However, we argue in this article that one of the possible corollaries of the Equipollence Hypothesis (Mairal & Ruiz de Mendoza, 2009;Ruiz de Mendoza & Luzondo Oyón, 2012) covers a truly bilateral interaction between grammatical structures and cognitive processes. The Equipollence Hypothesis is shown to allow for grammatical phenomena facilitating or constraining, i.e. blocking, the application of conceptual metonymies and their expressions across domains of linguistic inquiry. Specifically, we show in four case studies that grammatical constructions may actually pre-empt lexical (and grammatical) metonymy.
Spiritual Care of the Sick
Authors: Vélez Fr. Juan R. 
Published: August 2017

In the Gospel we see how people bring the sick to Christ to be healed. As physicians, nurses, and chaplains we are God's instruments bringing physical and spiritual healing to the sick. It is important for those of us who care for the sick to ask them about their religious affiliation and spiritual needs, and then following their cues and in a respectful way to encourage them to pray and, in the case of Catholics, to receive the sacraments. We should also pray for our patients, and when we think they would like it, to pray with them. Summary Physicians and nurses, not only chaplains, should ask patients about their religious beliefs, offer to find spiritual assistance for them, and when appropriate pray with them.
Uncertainty estimation and model selection in stock assessment models with non-parametric effects on fishing mortality
Authors: Citores Leire , Ibaibarriaga Leire , Jardim Ernesto 
Published: August 2017

AbstractUncertainty coming from assessment models leads to risk in decision making and ignoring or misestimating it can result in an erroneous management action. Some parameters, such as selectivity or survey catchabilities, can present a wide range of shapes and the introduction of smooth functions, which up to now have not been widely used in assessment models, allows for more flexibility to capture underlying nonlinear structures. In this work a simulation study emulating a sardine population is carried out to compare three different methods for uncertainty estimation: multivariate normal distribution, bootstrap (without and with relative bias correction) and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC). In order to study their performance depending on the model complexity, five different scenarios are defined depending on the shape of the smooth function of the fishing mortality. From 100 simulated datasets, performance is measured in terms of point estimation, coefficients of variation, bias, skewness, coverage probabilities, and correlation. In all approaches model fitting is carried out using the a4a framework. All three methods result in very similar performance. The main differences are found for observation variance parameters where the bootstrap and the multivariate normal approach result in underestimation of these parameters. In general, MCMC is considered to have better performance, being able to detect skewness, showing small relative bias and reaching expected coverage probabilities. It is also more efficient in terms of time consumption in comparison with bootstrapping.
The mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1 plays a role in iron metabolism and virulence in the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Do Eunsoo , Park Seho , Li Ming-Hui , Wang Jia-Mei , Ding Chen , Kronstad James W , Jung Won Hee 
Published: August 2017

AbstractIron–sulfur clusters (ISC) are indispensable cofactors for essential enzymes in various cellular processes. In the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the precursor of ISCs is exported from mitochondria via a mitochondrial ABC transporter Atm1 and used for cytosolic and nuclear ISC protein assembly. Although iron homeostasis has been implicated in the virulence of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans, the key components of the ISC biosynthesis pathway need to be fully elucidated. In the current study, a homolog of S. cerevisiae Atm1 was identified in C. neoformans, and its function was characterized. We constructed C. neoformans mutants lacking ATM1 and found that deletion of ATM1 affected mitochondrial functions. Furthermore, we observed diminished activity of the cytosolic ISC-containing protein Leu1 and the heme-containing protein catalase in the atm1 mutant. These results suggested that Atm1 is required for the biosynthesis of ISCs in the cytoplasm as well as heme metabolism in C. neoformans. In addition, the atm1 mutants were avirulent in a murine model of cryptococcosis. Overall, our results demonstrated that Atm1 plays a critical role in iron metabolism and virulence for C. neoformans.
Observational evidence for mass ejection accompanying short gamma-ray bursts
Authors: Moharana Reetanjali , Piran Tsvi 
Published: August 2017

Abstract
The plateau in the duration distribution of long gamma-ray bursts (LGRBs) provides a direct observational evidence for the Collapsar model. The plateau reflects the fact that the observed duration satisfies: T90 = te − tb where te is the time that the central engine operates and tb is the threshold time, interpreted within the Collapsar model as the time it takes for the relativistic jet to penetrate the stellar envelope. Numerical simulation and macronova observations suggest that compact binary mergers involve mass ejection. If short-gamma ray bursts (sGRBs) arise from such mergers, their jets should cross this surrounding ejecta before producing the prompt emission. Like in LGRBs, this should result in a distinct short plateau in the GRBs’ duration distribution. We present a new analysis of the duration distribution for the three GRB satellites: BATSE, Swift and Fermi. We find a clear evidence for a short (∼0.4 s) plateau in the duration distribution. This plateau is consistent with the expected jet crossing time, provided that the ejecta is of order of a few percent of solar masses.
CMS MDS 3.0 Section M Skin Conditions in Long-term Care: Pressure Ulcers, Skin Tears, and Moisture-Associated Skin Damage Data Update
Authors: Ayello Elizabeth A. 
Published: August 2017

GENERAL PURPOSE:
The purpose of this learning activity is to provide information about the updates to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) MDS 3.0 Section M, Skin Conditions documentation in long-term care.

TARGET AUDIENCE:
This continuing education activity is intended for physicians, physician assistants, nurse practitioners, and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES/OUTCOMES:
After participating in this educational activity, the participant should be better able to:
1. Explain the use of the CMS MDS 3.0 tool for documenting skin problems in long-term care.
2. Demonstrate examples of proper documentation for specific skin problems.

ABSTRACT
This manuscript reviews some of the key parts of the October 2016 revised Long-term Care Resident Assessment Instrument manual for Minimum Data Set (MDS) 3.0 Section M Skin Conditions. It also reports the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid’s publicly reported frequency data in long-term care for selected items on the MDS 3.0 Section M Skin Conditions. Percentages and trends of pressure ulcers/injuries, skin tears, and moisture-associated skin damage are assessed.
Relative Temperature Maximum in Wound Infection and Inflammation as Compared with a Control Subject Using Long-Wave Infrared Thermography
Authors: Chanmugam Arjun , Langemo Diane , Thomason Korissa , Haan Jaimee , Altenburger Elizabeth A. , Tippett Aletha , Henderson Linda , Zortman Todd A. 
Published: August 2017

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE:
The purpose of this retrospective case series was to determine whether a long-wave infrared thermography (LWIT, or thermal imaging) camera can detect specific temperature changes that are associated with wound infection and inflammation as compared with normal control subjects with similar anatomical wound locations.

DESIGN:
A retrospective, observational, collective, multiple case series of patients who underwent digital and thermal imaging of wounds in various states.

SETTING:
The subjects were selected from multiple sites including an outpatient wound care clinic, a wound care physician’s office, a rehabilitation hospital, and a home healthcare organization.

PATIENTS:
Six subjects were selected for inclusion, including 2 each for the infection, inflammation, and normal control groups.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
The study collected relative temperature maximums as obtained and recorded by LWIT and digital imaging.

MAIN RESULTS:
In this case series, the authors demonstrate the use of an FDA-approved Scout (WoundVision, Indianapolis, Indiana) dual-imaging long-wave infrared and digital cameras to analyze images of wounds. In the 2 cases with clinically diagnosed wound infection, LWIT showed an elevation of temperature as evidenced by a maximum temperature differential between the wound and healthy skin of +4° C to 5° C. Also, LWIT was able to identify relative thermal changes of +1.5° C to 2.2° C in subjects presenting with clinical signs of inflammation. In addition, LWIT was able to show that the normal control subjects without diagnosis of infection or signs of inflammation had relative temperature differentials of +1.1° C to 1.2° C. Finally, LWIT could detect adequate treatment of infected wounds with antibiotics as evidenced by a return to normal temperature differences gradient of +0.8° C to 1.1° C, as compared with normal control subjects with wounds in the same anatomical location.

CONCLUSIONS:
Long-wave infrared thermography can collect and record objective data, including relative temperature maximums associated with infection, inflammation, and normal healing wounds.
Src Kinase Inhibition Attenuates Morphine Tolerance without Affecting Reinforcement or Psychomotor Stimulation
Authors: Bull Fiona A. , Baptista-Hon Daniel T. , Sneddon Claire , Wright Lisa , Walwyn Wendy , Hales Tim G. 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
Prolonged opioid administration leads to tolerance characterized by reduced analgesic potency. Pain management is additionally compromised by the hedonic effects of opioids, the cause of their misuse. The multifunctional protein β-arrestin2 regulates the hedonic effects of morphine and participates in tolerance. These actions might reflect µ opioid receptor up-regulation through reduced endocytosis. β-Arrestin2 also recruits kinases to µ receptors. We explored the role of Src kinase in morphine analgesic tolerance, locomotor stimulation, and reinforcement in C57BL/6 mice.

Methods
Analgesic (tail withdrawal latency; percentage of maximum possible effect, n = 8 to 16), locomotor (distance traveled, n = 7 to 8), and reinforcing (conditioned place preference, n = 7 to 8) effects of morphine were compared in wild-type, µ+/–, µ–/–, and β-arrestin2–/– mice. The influence of c-Src inhibitors dasatinib (n = 8) and PP2 (n = 12) was examined.

Results
Analgesia in morphine-treated wild-type mice exhibited tolerance, declining by day 10 to a median of 62% maximum possible effect (interquartile range, 29 to 92%). Tolerance was absent from mice receiving dasatinib. Tolerance was enhanced in µ+/– mice (34% maximum possible effect; interquartile range, 5 to 52% on day 5); dasatinib attenuated tolerance (100% maximum possible effect; interquartile range, 68 to 100%), as did PP2 (91% maximum possible effect; interquartile range, 78 to 100%). By contrast, c-Src inhibition affected neither morphine-evoked locomotor stimulation nor reinforcement. Remarkably, dasatinib not only attenuated tolerance but also reversed established tolerance in µ+/– mice.

Conclusions
The ability of c-Src inhibitors to inhibit tolerance, thereby restoring analgesia, without altering the hedonic effect of morphine, makes c-Src inhibitors promising candidates as adjuncts to opioid analgesics.
Clinical Effectiveness of Intravenous Exenatide Infusion in Perioperative Glycemic Control after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery
Authors: Besch Guillaume , Perrotti Andrea , Mauny Frederic , Puyraveau Marc , Baltres Maude , Flicoteaux Guillaume , Salomon du Mont Lucie , Barrucand Benoit , Samain Emmanuel , Chocron Sidney , Pili-Floury Sebastien 
Published: August 2017

Abstract

Background
We aimed to assess the clinical effectiveness of intravenous exenatide compared to insulin in perioperative blood glucose control in coronary artery bypass grafting surgery patients.

Methods
Patients more than 18 yr old admitted for elective coronary artery bypass grafting were included in a phase II/III nonblinded randomized superiority trial. Current insulin use and creatinine clearance of less than 60 ml/min were exclusion criteria. Two groups were compared: the exenatide group, receiving exenatide (1-h bolus of 0.05 µg/min followed by a constant infusion of 0.025 µg/min), and the control group, receiving insulin therapy. The blood glucose target range was 100 to 139 mg/dl. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who spent at least 50% of the study period within the target range. The consumption of insulin (Cinsulin) and the time to start insulin (Tinsulin) were compared between the two groups.

Results
In total, 53 and 51 patients were included and analyzed in the exenatide and control groups, respectively (age: 70 ± 9 vs. 68 ± 11 yr; diabetes mellitus: 12 [23%] vs. 10 [20%]). The primary outcome was observed in 38 (72%) patients in the exenatide group and in 41 (80%) patients in the control group (odds ratio [95% CI] = 0.85 [0.34 to 2.11]; P = 0.30). Cinsulin was significantly lower (60 [40 to 80] vs. 92 [63 to 121] U, P < 0.001), and Tinsulin was significantly longer (12 [7 to 16] vs. 7 [5 to 10] h, P = 0.02) in the exenatide group.

Conclusions
Exenatide alone at the dose used was not enough to achieve adequate blood glucose control in coronary artery bypass grafting patients, but it reduces overall consumption of insulin and increases the time to initiation of insulin.
Prevention of Exposure Keratopathy in Critically Ill Patients: A Single-Center, Randomized, Pilot Trial Comparing Ocular Lubrication With Bandage Contact Lenses and Punctal Plugs
Authors: Bendavid Itai , Avisar Inbal , Serov Volach Irena , Sternfeld Amir , Dan Brazis Idit , Umar Lewaa , Yassur Yiftach , Singer Pierre , Cohen Jonathan David 
Published: August 2017

Objectives:
To compare the effectiveness of bandage contact lenses and punctal plugs with ocular lubricants in preventing corneal damage in mechanically ventilated and sedated critically ill patients.

Design:
Single-center, prospective, randomized, pilot study.

Setting:
Sixteen-bed, general ICU at a tertiary academic medical center.

Patients:
Adults admitted to the ICU and anticipated to require mechanical ventilation and continuous sedation for greater than or equal to 4 days.

Interventions:
Patients were randomized to receive eye care with ocular lubricants (n = 38), bandage contact lenses (n = 33), or punctal plugs (n = 33). The bandage contact lenses were changed every 4 days, whereas the punctal plugs remained in situ for the entire study.

Measurements and Main Results:
The primary endpoint was the presence or absence of corneal damage as assessed by the grade of keratopathy. Patients were examined by an ophthalmologist blinded to the study group every 4 days and at the time of withdrawal from the study, due to cessation of sedation, discharge from the ICU, or death. The mean duration of the study was 8.6 ± 6.2 days. The grade of keratopathy in the ocular lubricant group increased significantly in both eyes (p = 0.01 for both eyes) while no worsening was noted in either the lens or punctal plugs groups. In a post hoc analysis of patients with an initially abnormal ophthalmic examination, significant healing of keratopathy was noted in the lens group (p = 0.02 and 0.018 for left and right eyes, respectively) and in the right eye of the plugs group (p = 0.005); no improvement was noted in the ocular lubricant group.

Conclusions:
Compared with ocular lubrication, bandage contact lenses and punctal plugs were more effective in limiting keratopathy, and their use, particularly of bandage contact lenses, was associated with significant healing of existing lesions.
Inhibiting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B to Improve Regenerative Functions of Endothelial Cells
Authors: Wang Yuan , Yan Feng , Zhang Wenjing , Pang Shu , Jiang Fan 
Published: August 2017

Abstract:
Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) is an important negative regulator of insulin receptor– and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor–dependent signalings in endothelial cells. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PTP1B has been shown to enhance endothelial cell proliferation and migration and increase nitric oxide production. In vivo, inhibiting PTP1B can reverse endothelial dysfunction, promote angiogenesis, and accelerate wound healing. Intense research is currently continuing in an effort to discover novel selective PTP1B inhibitors, primarily for treating insulin resistance. We propose that these drugs may also represent a new horizon for boosting the regenerative capacities of endothelial cells.
Defining the Association between Diabetes and Plastic Surgery Outcomes: An Analysis of Nearly 40,000 Patients
Authors: Goltsman David , Morrison Kerry A. , Ascherman Jeffrey A. 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Diabetes is an increasingly prevalent comorbidity in patients presenting for surgery, impacting nearly 14% of adults in the United States. Although it is known that diabetic patients are at an increased risk for postoperative complications, there is a paucity of literature on the specific ramifications of diabetes on different surgical procedures.

Methods:
Using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program dataset, demographics, outcomes, and length of in-patient hospitalization were examined for patients who underwent plastic surgery between 2007 and 2012. Adjusted multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between diabetes status and a spectrum of medical and surgical postoperative outcomes.

Results:
Thirty-nine thousand four hundred seventy-five plastic surgery patients were identified, including 1,222 (3.10%) with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and 1,915 (4.75%) with non–insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), who had undergone breast, hand/upper and lower extremity, abdominal, or craniofacial procedures. Logistic regression analyses showed that only insulin-dependent diabetics had a higher likelihood of surgical complications (IDDM: P value < 0.0001; NIDDM: P value < 0.103), whereas patients with both IDDM and NIDDM had increased likelihoods of medical complications (IDDM: P value < 0.001; NIDDM: P value = 0.0093) compared with nondiabetics. Average hospital stay for diabetics was also longer than for nondiabetics.

Conclusions:
Diabetes is associated with an increase in a multitude of postoperative complications and in hospital length of stay, in patients undergoing plastic surgery. Diabetes status should thus be evaluated and addressed when counseling patients preoperatively. Risks may be further stratified based on IDDM versus NIDDM status.
Tacrolimus Eye Drops as Adjunct Therapy in Severe Corneal Endothelial Rejection Refractory to Corticosteroids
Authors: Ghaffari Reza , Ghassemi Hamed , Zarei-Ghanavati Mehran , Latifi Golshan , Dehghani Shima , Haq Zeeshan , Djalilian Ali R. 
Published: August 2017

Purpose:To evaluate the safety and efficacy of tacrolimus eye drops as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of severe corneal endothelial rejection after penetrating keratoplasty refractory to corticosteroids.Methods:In this prospective interventional case series, 11 eyes of 11 patients assessed for severe corneal endothelial rejection, with an inadequate response to topical, local, and systemic corticosteroids, were treated with either 0.01% or 0.05% tacrolimus eye drops 4 times daily. Improvement in signs of rejection, visual function, and development of complications were monitored.Results:The duration of steroid treatment before intervention was 8.1 ± 1.4 days (range = 7–11). Patients were subsequently administered topical tacrolimus 0.01% or 0.05% qid. The time to clinical improvement was 10.3 ± 3.4 days (range = 3–17). The time to rejection reversal was 27.8 ± 16.3 days (range = 7–52). After 3 months, 10 patients (90.8%) demonstrated clinical improvement, and complete restoration of graft clarity was achieved in 5 patients (45.4%). In responsive cases, steroid therapy was successfully tapered off after 60.2 ± 19.7 days (range = 36–93). The best spectacle-corrected visual acuity improved from 1.7 ± 0.9 to 0.8 ± 0.5 logMAR (P= 0.0016). Reported side effects included stinging on drop instillation and punctate epithelial keratopathy.Conclusions:Tacrolimus eye drops may be able to play an adjunctive therapeutic role in patients with severe corneal endothelial rejection refractory to conventional steroid treatment. Controlled studies are needed to further investigate the role of tacrolimus in this setting.
Effects of Recent Concussion and Injury History on Instantaneous Relative Risk of Lower Extremity Injury in Division I Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Fino Peter C. , Becker Lauren N. , Fino Nora F. , Griesemer Brett , Goforth Michael , Brolinson Per Gunnar 
Published: August 2017

Background:
Growing evidence suggests that concussion increases the risk of lower extremity (LE) musculoskeletal injury. However, it is unclear to how the effect of concussion on LE injury risk may be influenced by previous injuries. This study sought to examine the association between concussion, previous LE injuries, and the risk LE injury to the same previously injured limb (ipsilateral) or the opposite limb (contralateral).

Methods:
This retrospective study examined medical records from 110 concussed athletes and 110 matched controls for LE injuries in the 365 days before and after the concussion event. The effect of concussion on time to injury was assessed with a Cox proportional hazard model after adjusting for injury history. Fine and Gray subdistribution models assessed the cumulative risk of ipsilateral and contralateral injury by group.

Results:
Concussion was associated with an increased instantaneous relative risk of LE injury when adjusting for LE injury history [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11–2.53], agreeing with previous results. Among individuals who had a history of LE injuries before the concussion event, a nonsignificant yet moderate effect of concussion on the instantaneous relative risk of ipsilateral injuries was found after adjusting for the competing risk of contralateral injuries and censored values (HR = 1.85, 95% CI = 0.76–4.46).

Conclusions:
This study provides independent confirmation of previous studies, reporting an association between concussion and LE injury risk. Furthermore, this study suggests that future large-scale studies should consider the competing risk of ipsilateral, contralateral, and new injuries in populations with an injury history.