bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Legislation and policy for involuntary mental healthcare across countries in the FOSTREN network: rationale, development of mapping survey and protocol
Authors: Aluh Deborah Oyine , Lantta Tella , Lourenço Tânia , Birkeland Søren Fryd , Castelpietra Giulio , Dedovic Jovo , Caldas-de-Almeida José Miguel , Rugkåsa Jorun 
Published: September 2024

Background
Several countries are currently revising or have already revised their mental health laws to align with the global movement to reduce the use of coercive care. No government has yet fully implemented the recommendation of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) to eliminate the use of coercion in mental healthcare. Consequently, the international field of mental health law and policy is in a degree of flux.

Aims
To describe the rationale, development and protocol for a project that will map and examine how mental health laws, policies and service capacity across European countries relate to the use of coercive measures, including involuntary admissions and treatment, restraints and seclusion. This will help to better understand the current situation and explore future directions of policies regarding coercive care.

Method
The project is being carried out under the purview of the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action network, entitled FOSTREN (Fostering and Strengthening Approaches to Reducing Coercion in European Mental Health Services). A multidisciplinary group of experts developed a comprehensive survey assessing mental health laws, policies and service frameworks, based on World Health Organization and UNCRPD recommendations. The survey was piloted in three countries, revised and disseminated to 30 FOSTREN country representatives. The survey will provide data for three strands of work on legislation, policies and service-level context. A comprehensive evaluation will be conducted, drawing on findings from all work packages.

Conclusions
The project could inform the development of strategies, interventions and legislation to address gaps and promote compliance with international standards.
Development and Optimization of a Bladder Cancer Algorithm Using SEER-Medicare Claims Data
Authors: Gore John L. , Wright Phoebe , Shih Vanessa , Chang Nancy N. , Noshad Sina , Rey Gabriel G. , Wang Steven , Narayanan Sujata 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE Categorizing patients with cancer by their disease stage can be an important tool when conducting administrative claims-based studies. As claims databases frequently do not capture this information, algorithms are increasingly used to define disease stage. To our knowledge, to date, no study has used an algorithm to categorize patients with bladder cancer (BC) by disease stage (non–muscle-invasive BC [NMIBC], muscle-invasive BC [MIBC], or locally advanced/metastatic urothelial carcinoma [la/mUC]) in a US-based health care claims database. METHODS A claims-based algorithm was developed to categorize patients by disease stage on the basis of the administrative claims portion of the SEER-Medicare linked data. The algorithm was validated against a reference SEER registry, and the algorithm's parameters were iteratively modified to improve its performance. Patients were included if they had an initial diagnosis of BC between January 2016 and December 2017 recorded in SEER registry data. Medicare claims data were available for these patients until December 31, 2019. The algorithm was evaluated by assessing percentage agreement, Cohen's kappa (κ), specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) against the SEER categorization. RESULTS A total of 15,484 patients with SEER-confirmed BC were included: 10,991 (71.0%) with NMIBC, 3,645 (23.5%) with MIBC, and 848 (5.5%) with la/mUC. After multiple rounds of algorithm optimization, the final algorithm had an agreement of 82.5% with SEER, with a κ of 0.58, a PPV of 87.0% for NMIBC, and 76.8% for MIBC and a high NPV for la/mUC of 98.0%. CONCLUSION This claims-based algorithm could be a useful approach for researchers conducting claims-based studies categorizing patients with BC at diagnosis.
PEARL: A Phase Ib/II Biomarker Study of Adding Radiation Therapy to Pembrolizumab Before Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Ho Alice Y. , Shiao Stephen , Kobald Samantha A. , Chen Jonathan , Duda Dan G. , Ly Amy , Bossuyt Veerle , Cho Hae Lin , Arnold Brittany , Knott Simon , Gupta Gaorav P. , McAndrew Philomena , Karlan Scott , Tighiouart Mourad , Muzikansky Alona , Basho Reva , McArthur Heather 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE
To assess safety and immune biomarkers after preoperative radiation therapy (RT) and anti-PD1 therapy in breast cancer.

MATERIALS AND METHODS
A phase I/IIb trial of pembrolizumab with RT was conducted in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and hormone receptor–positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative (HR+/HER2–) breast cancer. All received pembrolizumab followed by a second cycle + RT (anti-PD1/RT) of 24 Gy/three daily fractions delivered to the breast tumor and then neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). Blood and tumor biopsies were obtained at baseline, after anti-PD1, and after anti–PD-RT. Coprimary end points were safety and change in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). Secondary end points were pathologic complete response (pCR), residual cancer burden (RCB) rates, and event-free survival (EFS).

RESULTS

Sixty-six patients with stage I-III breast cancer (54 TNBC, 12 HR+/HER2–) were enrolled. The median follow-up was 32 months. Safety end point was met. Incidence of grade ≥3 toxicities was 41%. The pCR rate was 59.2%, 33.3%, and 54.5% for the TNBC, HR+/HER2–, and entire cohort, respectively. A total of 77.8% of TNBC and 41.6% of HR+/HER2– had a near pCR (RCB 0-1). The 3-year EFS was 80%. In the entire cohort, PD-L1 expression increased after anti-PD1 (median Combined Positive Score [CPS], 7.49-23.20; 95% CI, –41.88 to –6.30;
P
= .044) and anti-PD1/RT (median CPS, 7.49-23.41; 95% CI, –41.88 to –6.30;
P
= .009), compared with baseline. In TNBC, adding RT to anti-PD1 significantly decreased TILs (28.9%-17.1%; 95% CI, 2.46 to 21.09;
P
= .014). Baseline TILs correlated with PD-L1 expression and TNF-a.

CONCLUSION
Preoperative RT with pembrolizumab is safe and results in high pCR rates and 3-year EFS, despite the lack of pembrolizumab during NAC. PD-L1 and TILs may be predictive biomarkers for preoperative anti-PD1/RT response. Reduction in TILs after adding RT to anti-PD1 highlights the importance of treatment sequencing.
Palbociclib in Solid Tumor Patients With Genomic Alterations in the cyclinD-cdk4/6-INK4a-Rb Pathway: Results From National Cancer Institute-Children's Oncology Group Pediatric Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice Trial Arm I (APEC1621I)
Authors: Macy Margaret E. , Mody Rajen , Reid Joel M. , Piao Jin , Saguilig Lauren , Alonzo Todd A. , Berg Stacey L. , Fox Elizabeth , Weigel Brenda J. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Mooney Margaret M. , Williams P. Mickey , Patton David R. , Coffey Brent D. , Roy-Chowdhuri Sinchita , Takebe Naoko , Tricoli James V. , Janeway Katherine A. , Seibel Nita L. , Parsons D. Williams 
Published: September 2024

PURPOSE The National Cancer Institute-Children's Oncology Group Pediatric Molecular Analysis for Therapy Choice trial assigned patients age 1-21 years with relapsed or refractory solid tumors, lymphomas, and histiocytic disorders to phase II treatment arms of molecularly targeted therapies on the basis of genetic alterations detected in their tumor. Patients with tumors that harbored prespecified genomic alterations in the cyclinD-CDK4/6-INK4a-Rb pathway with intact Rb expression were assigned and treated with the cdk4/6 inhibitor palbociclib. METHODS Patients received palbociclib orally once daily for 21 days of 28-day cycles until disease progression, intolerable toxicity, or up to 2 years. The primary end point was objective response rate; secondary end points included safety/tolerability and progression-free survival. RESULTS Twenty-three patients (median age, 15 years; range, 8-21) were enrolled; 20 received protocol therapy and were evaluable for toxicity and response. Of the evaluable patients, the most common diagnoses were osteosarcoma (n = 9) and rhabdomyosarcoma (n = 6). A single actionable gene amplification was found in 19 tumors ( CDK4, n = 11, CDK6, n = 2, CCND3, n = 6), with one tumor harboring two amplifications ( CDK4 and CCND2). Hematologic toxicities were the most common treatment-related events. No objective responses were seen. Two patients with tumors harboring CDK4 amplifications (neuroblastoma and sarcoma) had best response of stable disease for six and three cycles. Six-month progression was 10% (95% CI, 1.7 to 27.2). CONCLUSION The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib at 75 mg/m2 orally daily was tolerable in this heavily pretreated cohort. No objective responses were observed in this histology-agnostic biomarker-selected population with treatment-refractory solid tumors, demonstrating that pathway alteration alone is insufficient in pediatric cancers to generate a response to palbociclib monotherapy.
Pituitary Apoplexy: Comorbidities, Management, and Outcomes—A Spanish Observational Multicenter Study
Authors: Biagetti Betina , Cordero Asanza Esteban , Pérez-López Carlos , Araujo-Castro Marta , Camara Rosa , Guerrero-Pérez Fernando , Vicente Almudena , Lamas Cristina , Serra Guillermo , Echarri Ana Irigaray , Ollero M Dolores , González Molero Inmaculada , Villar-Taibo Rocío , Moure Rodríguez María Dolores , García-Feijoo Pablo , Berrocal Víctor Rodríguez , Sánchez Ramirez María Noelia , Gutiéerrez Hurtado Alba , Capristan-Díaz Vanessa , Simó-Servat Andreu , Gallach Marta , Safont Perez Eva , González Rosa Victoria , Civantos Soralla , Asensio-Wandosell Diego , Martinez-Saez Elena , Menéndez Torre Edelmiro , Aulinas Anna , Iglesias Pedro , Diez Juan J , Bernabéu Ignacio , Álvarez-Escolá Cristina , Puig-Domingo Manel 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background
Pituitary apoplexy (PA) is the paradigm of endocrine and neurosurgical emergency.

Objective
To evaluate the comorbidities, risk factors, clinical presentation, pituitary apoplexy score (PAS), and the outcomes of surgical vs conservative management of PA in Spain.

Methods
Spanish multicenter, observational study of 301 patients with acute PA. Statistical analyses compared risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes between surgical and conservative treatment groups, adjusting for potential confounders. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with PA was compared with the Spanish population and with patients with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas.

Results
Median age was 59.3 years, 201 (66.8%) were men; nonfunctioning adenomas (77.9%) were the most common tumor type. The prevalence of diabetes (20.3% vs 13.9%, P &lt; .01), hypertension (48.8% vs 33.4%, P &lt; .01), and dyslipidemia (44.2% vs 23.3%, P &lt; .01), exceeded the Spanish age-adjusted population prevalence. Overall, 209 (69.4%) underwent surgery and 92 (30.6%) received conservative treatment. Surgical patients had larger tumors (26.2 vs 21.0 mm, P &lt; .01), more frequent chiasmal compression (77.2% vs 53.4%, P &lt; .01), and higher values of PAS. In the follow-up, although there were no statistically significant differences in anterior pituitary hormonal deficits between treatments, permanent vasopressin deficiency was more frequent after surgery (14.8% vs 3.3%, P &lt; .01).

Conclusions
There is a high burden of cardiovascular risk factors among patients with PA, suggesting that metabolic factors may play a potential role in the development of PA. This underscores the need for comprehensive management of these conditions in addition to treating the apoplexy itself in this population. Surgical management has a relevant place in PA approach mainly in patients with higher PAS. However, it leads a permanent vasopressin deficit more frequently than a conservative approach.
Plasma Endocannabinoids Are Independently Associated With the Metabolic Function of White Adipose Tissue
Authors: Dion Dany , Noll Christophe , Fortin Mélanie , Haroune Lounès , Saibi Sabrina , Sarret Philippe , Carpentier André C 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Context
Little is known about the link between the endocannabinoid (EC) system and the in vivo metabolic function of white adipose tissue (WAT).

Objective
We aimed to evaluate whether ECs are linked to postprandial fatty acid metabolism and WAT metabolic function.

Methods
Men and women, with (IGT, n = 20) or without impaired glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 20) underwent meal testing with oral and intravenous stable isotope palmitate tracers and positron emission tomography with intravenous [11C]-palmitate and oral [18F]-fluoro-thia-heptadecanoic acid to determine systemic and organ-specific dietary fatty acid (DFA) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism and partitioning. We determined fasting and postprandial plasma levels of EC by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
All ECs of the 2-monoacylglycerol (2-MAG) family displayed a progressive postprandial increase up to 360 minutes after meal intake that was more pronounced in women with IGT. N-acylethanolamine (NAE) levels decreased between fasting and 180 minutes, followed by a return to preprandial values at 360 minutes and were also increased in women with IGT. Postprandial area under the curve (AUC) of palmitate appearance rate was significantly and independently associated with postprandial AUC of anandamide (AEA; P = .0003) and total energy expenditure (P = .0009). DFA storage in abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was positively predicted by fasting 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG; P &lt; .04).

Conclusion
EC levels of the NAE family independently follow plasma NEFA metabolism, whereas 2-MAG closely follow the spillover of triglyceride-rich lipoprotein intravascular lipolytic products. Whether these associations are causal requires further investigation.
A Year at the Forefront of Streptophyte Algal Evolution
Authors: Bowles Alexander M. C. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Land plants originated from an algal ancestor ∼500 million years ago in one of the most important evolutionary events for life on Earth. Extant streptophyte algae, their closest living relatives, have subsequently received much attention to better understand this major evolutionary transition. Streptophyte algae occupy many different environments, have diverse genomes and display contrasting morphologies (e.g. unicellular, filamentous, three-dimensional). This has historically made inferring these evolutionary events challenging. This A Year at the Forefront Review focusses on research published between July 2023 and June 2024 and intends to provide a short overview of recent discoveries, innovations, resources, and hypotheses regarding streptophyte algal evolution. This work has provided mechanistic insights into ancient evolutionary events that prefigured the origin of land plants and raises new questions for future research into streptophyte algae.
The contractile efficiency of the mantle muscle of European common cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) during cyclical contractions
Authors: Gladman Nicholas W. , Askew Graham N. 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Escape jet propulsion swimming in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) is powered by the circular muscles surrounding the mantle cavity. This mode of locomotion is energetically costly compared with undulatory swimming. The energetic cost of swimming is determined by the mechanical power requirements and the efficiency with which chemical energy is transferred into useful mechanical work. One step in this energy transduction process is the transfer of energy from ATP hydrolysis into mechanical work by the muscles. Here, we determined the efficiency of this step, termed the contractile efficiency. Muscle preparations from the circular muscles of the mantle cavity were subjected to sinusoidal length changes at different cycle frequencies, and stimulated with a phase and duration that maximised initial net work. Changes in ATP, arginine phosphate and octopine content between control and exercised muscles were determined and used to calculate the energy released from ATP hydrolysis (Emet). The maximum contractile efficiency (the ratio of net work to Emet) was 0.37, occurring at the same cycle frequency at which mechanical power was maximal and that was used during jet propulsion swimming, suggesting that cuttlefish muscle is adapted to generate muscular power efficiently. The overall efficiency of cuttlefish jet propulsion swimming was estimated to be 0.17, which is broadly comparable to that measured during animal flight and human-powered pedalled locomotion, indicating the high energetic costs of jet propulsion swimming are not due to inefficient locomotion per se; instead, they result from the relatively high mechanical power requirements.
Turn Compensation Control Development and Analysis for a Self-Propelled Sprayer Chassis Suspension System
Authors: Huerta-Musil Joel , Adams Bailey 
Published: September 2024

HighlightsAn Experimental sprayer chassis suspension control system was developed and evaluated in headland turns.Turning evaluation performance metrics and methods were conceptualized in the context of sprayers.The Experimental chassis suspension system showed stability and comfort increases during aggressive turns.Boom stability improved significantly after completion of the turn for the Experimental suspension system.Abstract.A challenging economic, environmental, and regulatory landscape causes the need for efficient agricultural machinery. The performance of self-propelled sprayers depends on their ability to deposit chemicals accurately and efficiently, and increased machine sizes and faster driving speeds require consideration for sprayer chassis stability. One method of improving this stability is using variable damping elements in the sprayer chassis suspension system. In this work, an Experimental sprayer chassis suspension system that implemented turning event detection and variable damping control was developed for headland turning events. The Experimental chassis suspension system was tested for a constant speed headland turn maneuver at 10 to 25 m turn radii. The performance of the Experimental system was quantified in terms of operator comfort and operator health, chassis roll and roll rate amplitudes, and boom height sensor standard deviation, and this performance was compared to a Baseline sprayer suspension configuration. From the data collected, the Experimental suspension system improved chassis roll and roll rate stability by 30% to 40% for the entry portion of the turning event regardless of turn radius while also showing a 5% increase in ride quality. The need for tuning the damping level to the chassis yaw rate was identified from decreased comfort performance metrics at larger turn radii. Boom height stability improved significantly for Experimental suspension configurations, particularly after the turning event, showing an 8% to 21% improvement in boom height standard deviation. Further exploration of control parameters and their effects outside turning events should be conducted to ensure optimal control law settings based on machine configurations. Keywords: Chassis suspension, Control, Performance, Self-propelled sprayer, Stability, Turn event, Variable damping.
Assessment of blood pressure measurement technique amongst nurses working at a tertiary care cardiac center
Authors: Younis Muhammad , Bhatti Khalid Iqbal , Chachar Kalsoom , Nazir Paras , Rafique Javaria , Khalid Areesha , Karera Sanjana , Farooq Fawad , Hakeem Abdul , Saghir Tahir , Sial Jawaid Akbar 
Published: September 2024

Background
Accurate measurement is indispensable for effectively managing hypertension (HTN); any error in technique or instrumentation can lead to misdiagnosis and improper management. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the knowledge and skills of blood pressure (BP) measurement among nurses at a tertiary care cardiac center in Karachi.

Materials and methods
Nursing staff responsible for BP assessment at various stations were identified, observed, and interviewed to evaluate their skill and knowledge levels regarding BP measurement techniques. Nurses’ skill levels were assessed using a checklist based on the American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for BP assessment.

Results
Seventy-five nurses participated in the study, with 49 (65.3%) being male and a mean age of 32.1 ± 6.2 years. Only 25 (33.3%) nurses reported reading the AHA guidelines for BP measurement. None of the nurses demonstrated excellent skills; 19 (25.3%) showed good skills, while 56 (74.7%) showed poor skills in BP measurement. A poor compliance was observed on a total of 14/31 steps with compliance rate of less than 50%. Similarly, none of the nurses exhibited excellent knowledge; only 3 (4%) had good knowledge, while 72 (96%) had poor knowledge about BP measurement. A poor knowledge was observed on a total of 18/36 items with correct response rate of less than 50%.

Conclusion
Nurses working at various stations of a tertiary cardiac center exhibited inadequate skills and knowledge regarding BP measurement. This underscores the necessity for comprehensive training and education to enhance the accurate assessment of BP.
Repeated rebiopsy for detection of EGFR T790M mutation in patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma: Associated factors and treatment outcomes of Osimertinib
Authors: Kim Taeyun , Choe Junsu , Shin Sun Hye , Jeong Byeong-Ho , Lee Kyungjong , Kim Hojoong , Lee Se-Hoon , Um Sang-Won 
Published: September 2024

Objectives
This study was performed to investigate the detection rate of EGFR T790M mutation by repeated rebiopsy, to identify the clinical factors related to repeated rebiopsy, and to assess survival outcomes according to the methods and numbers of repeated rebiopsies in patients with lung adenocarcinoma who received sequential osimertinib after failure of previous 1st or 2nd generation EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors.

Methods
This retrospective study included patients with advanced-stage lung adenocarcinoma who were confirmed to have EGFR T790M mutation and to have received osimertinib from January 2020 to February 2021 at Samsung Medical Center. The presence of T790M mutation was assessed based on either plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) or tissue specimens.
Results
A total of 443 patients underwent rebiopsy, with 186 (42.0%) testing positive for the T790M mutation by the sixth rebiopsy. The final analysis included 143 eligible patients. Progression-free survival was not significantly different in terms of the methods (tissue: 13.3 months, 95% confidence interval [CI]: [9.4, 23.5] vs plasma: 11.1 months, 95% CI: [8.1, 19.4], p = 0.33) and numbers (one: 13.4 months, 95% CI: [9.4, 23.5] vs two or more: 11.0 months, 95% CI: [8.1, 14.8], p = 0.51) of repeated rebiopsies. Longer overall survival (OS) was found in patients in whom T790M was detected by tissue specimens rather than by plasma ctDNA (2-year OS rate: 81.7% for tissue vs 63.9% for plasma, p = 0.0038). Factors related to the lower numbers of rebiopsies included age and bone metastasis. Factor associated with T790M detection in tissue rather than in plasma was pleural metastasis, while advanced tumor stage was related to T790M confirmation in plasma rather than in tissue.

Conclusions
Repeated rebiopsy for T790M detection in patients with NSCLC can increase the detection rate of the mutation. Detection of T790M by plasma ctDNA might be related to poor survival outcomes.