bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solid Separation from a Mixed Suspension through Electric‐Field‐Enhanced Crystallization
Authors: Li Wei W. , Radacsi Norbert , Kramer Herman J. M. , van der Heijden Antoine E. D. M. , ter Horst Joop H. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractWhen applied to a pure component suspension in an apolar solvent, a strong inhomogeneous electric field induces particle movement, and the particles are collected at the surface of one of the two electrodes. This new phenomenon was used to separately isolate two organic crystalline compounds, phenazine and caffeine, from their suspension in 1,4‐dioxane. First, crystals of both compounds were collected at different electrodes under the influence of an electric field. Subsequent cooling crystallization enabled the immobilization and growth of the particles on the electrodes, which were separately collected after the experiment with purities greater than 91 %. This method can be further developed into a technique for crystal separation and recovery in complex multicomponent suspensions of industrial processes.
Polymeric seal degradation in nuclear power plants: Effect of gamma radiation on sealing properties
Authors: Porter Christopher P. , Edge Ruth , Ogden Mark D. 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTAn effort has been made to bridge the gap between academic knowledge of polymeric seal degradation and industrial practices. A series of physical and mechanical properties that can be related to the sealing behavior of three commercial samples of nitrile rubber have been studied for their degradation when exposed to gamma radiation. For all samples the glass transition temperature (Tg) and retention factor (RF) were found to increase with total dose whilst percentage change in mass (ΔM%) was found to decrease. The ultimate uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) did not appear to change with radiation dose but the kinetics of the absorption process were found to decrease, suggesting the formation of crosslinks. The crosslinks formed appear to be dependent on the original material composition and comparison against degradation of material properties supports the theory behind butadiene, BDN, content being linked to a propensity for crosslink clustering. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44618.
Synthesis of click‐coupled graphene sheets with hyperbranched polyurethane: Effective exfoliation and enhancement of nanocomposite properties
Authors: Mahapatra Sibdas Singha , Yadav Santosh Kumar , Cho Jae Whan 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTGraphene oxide (GO) was functionalized with hyperbranched polyurethane (HBPU) via click coupling between azide‐functionalized HBPU and alkynyl‐decorated GO. HBPU‐functionalized GO composites of various compositions were prepared. The azide‐containing HBPU was characterized using Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy and 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The HBPU‐functionalized GO composites were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The functionalized GO showed excellent dispersion in the HBPU matrix, giving composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. The material properties were effectively regulated by click‐coupled exfoliation of GO with HBPU, enabling the production of high‐performance materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44631.
Synergism between hydrotalcite and silicate‐modified expandable graphite on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer combustion behavior
Authors: Pang Xiu‐Yan , Tian Yu , Shi Xiu‐Zhu 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTInfluence of independent Mg–Al‐layered double hydroxide (LDH), silicate modified expandable graphite (EG), mixture of LDH and EG at various ratios on ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) combustion behavior and thermal stability was detected in sequence through the limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical combustion (UL‐94) level, microscale combustion calorimeter (MCC) tests and thermal gravimetric/differential thermal gravimetric (TG/DTG) analysis. Results show that the 30 wt % LDH can improve the LOI of 70EVA/30LDH to 27.0%, but the combustion accompanies with serious melt‐dropping. While, the same amount of the EG can increase the LOI, UL‐94 level to 28.5%, V‐0 respectively. However, the combination of LDH and EG can further enhance the 70EVA/20LDH/10EG flame retardancy, it presents the LOI of 29.7%, UL‐94 level of V‐0, and total heat release of 29.5 kJ g−1. The excellent flame retardancy is attributed to its compact residue. Compared with residue mass, the residue compactness plays a more important role in improving flame retardancy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44634.
Flame retardant performance of a carbon source containing DOPO derivative in PET and epoxy
Authors: Fang Yinchun , Zhou Xiang , Xing Zhiqi , Wu Yarong 
Published: November 2016

ABSTRACTThe combination of gas‐phase and condensed‐phase action will contribute to high quality flame retardant. A novel 9,10‐dihydro‐9‐oxa‐10‐phosphaphenanthrene‐10‐oxide (DOPO)‐based flame retardant (DOPO‐DOPC), which contains carbon source was synthesized in favor of conducting the effect of gas‐phase as well as promoting the char formation in condensed‐phase. The chemical structure of DOPO‐DOPC was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). DOPO–DOPC was used as an additive in poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and epoxy resin (EP). The flame retardancy of PET/DOPO‐DOPC and EP/DOPO‐DOPC composites were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI) and UL‐94 test. The results showed that the incorporation of DOPO–DOPC into PET or EP could obviously improve their flame retardancy. The LOI values of modified PET or EP, which contained 10 wt % DOPO‐DOPC reached 42.8 and 31.7%, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) results revealed that DOPO–DOPC enhanced the formation of char residues. The Laser Raman spectroscopy (LRS) was used to investigate the carbon structure of thermal oxidation residues. Because of the combination of the gas phase flame retardant effect of DOPO moiety and the promoting formation of char residues in condensed phase, the PET and EP composites exhibited significant improvement toward flame retardancy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44639.
Untersuchung von Schlosssprengungen an ausgeführten Ufereinfassungen mit kombinierten Spundwänden
Authors: Osthoff David , Grabe Jürgen 
Published: November 2016

AbstractNeben den vielen verschiedenen Kombinationsmöglichkeiten aus Trag‐ und Zwischenelementen zur Bildung einer kombinierten Spundwand ist ebenso deren Herstellung auf verschiedene Weise möglich. Mit der Wahl des Spundwandsystems ist das Einbringverfahren auf die Randbedingungen der Baumaßnahme abzustimmen, welche u. a. den Baugrund, die Profile und Schlösser, Schlossschutzmaßnahmen, die Rammführung, die Rammplattform, die Rammart und mögliche Einbringhilfen betreffen. Trotz der bewährten Bauweise kombinierter Spundwände treten auch heute noch Schadensfälle in Verbindung mit Schlosssprengungen auf. In diesem Beitrag werden Baumaßnahmen kombinierter Spundwände mit und ohne Schlossschäden untersucht und im Hinblick auf das Auftreten von Schlossschäden analysiert.
Simultaneous determination of l‐tetrahydropalmatine and its active metabolites in rat plasma by a sensitive ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry method and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Wang Weihui , Liu Jing , Zhao Xiaoning , Peng Yan , Wang Nannan , Lee David Y.W. , Dai Ronghua 
Published: November 2016

AbstractA sensitive and reliable ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS) method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of l‐tetrahydropalmatine (l‐THP) and its active metabolites l‐isocorypalmine (l‐ICP) and L‐corydalmine (l‐CD) in rat plasma. The analytes were extracted by liquid–liquid extraction and separated on a Bonshell ASB C18 column (2.1 × 100 mm; 2.7 μm; Agela) using acetonitrile–formic acid aqueous as mobile phase at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min in gradient mode. The method was validated over the concentration range of 4.00–2500 ng/mL for l‐THP, 0.400–250 ng/mL for l‐ICP and 1.00–625 ng/mL for l‐CD. Intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were within the acceptable limits of <15% at all concentrations. Correlation coefficients (r) for the calibration curves were >0.99 for all analytes. The quantitative method was successfully applied for simultaneous determination of l‐THP and its active metabolites in a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration with l‐THP at a dose of 15 mg/kg to rats.
γ‐Conicein und Coniin aus Geflecktem Schierling
Authors: Puidokait Martin , Graefe Joachim , Sehl Anne , Steinke Katrin , Siehl Hans‐Ullrich , Zeller Klaus‐Peter , Sicker Dieter , Berger Stefan 
Published: November 2016

AbstractSokrates ist das bekannteste Opfer eines 399 v.d.Z. in Athen mit dem Schierlingsbecher vollstreckten Todesurteils. Tödlich giftig wirkten darin Alkaloide wie γ‐Conicein und Coniin, die nach Mäuseurin riechen. Schaudern macht, dass dieses Gift sein Opfer allmählich bei vollem Bewusstsein lähmt und dass es kein Gegengift gibt. Auch für Tiere auf der Weide ist Gefleckter Schierling stark giftig. Daher verdrängt die Landwirtschaft den Schierling. Coniin war das erste synthetisierte Alkaloid (Ladenburg, 1886). Schierlingsgifte werden heute nicht medizinisch angewendet. Wir beschreiben die Isolierung von γ‐Conicein und Coniin aus angebautem und wildem Gefleckten Schierling und analysieren ihre Struktur spektroskopisch. Dieser Artikel gehört zur Reihe über die Isolierung und Spektroskopie von Naturstoffen und ergänzt die Kapitel des Buchs “Classics in Spectroscopy” von S. Berger und D. Sicker (Wiley‐VCH 2009). Er beruht auf studentischen Arbeiten ebenso wie auf unserem präparativen Engagement als sie betreuende Wissenschaftler.
Benchmarking the Timmins Process – a novel approach for low energy pre‐combustion carbon capture in IGCC flowsheets
Authors: Hallmark Bart , Parra‐Garrido Julian , Murdoch Andrew , Salmon Ian , Hodrien Chris 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis paper reports results from an initial benchmarking study of the Timmins Process, a novel pre‐combustion carbon capture process that uses a combination of traditional unit operations, DEPG scrubbing, carbon monoxide shift, and carbon dioxide liquefaction, in a unique arrangement. The study examines the performance of the Timmins Process embedded within an integrated gasifier combined cycle (IGCC) flowsheet and the results are compared to data from the US Department of Energy (DoE) cost and performance baseline studies for coal‐fired energy plants. Modelling was undertaken using UniSim R400 (Honeywell Inc.) with thermodynamic parameters for DEPG interactions being regressed from literature data; these results are also reported here. The net efficiency of an IGCC flowsheet incorporating the Timmins Process, with a carbon capture level of 91.8 % on a mass basis, varies between 33.8 % and 34.3 % depending on the process configuration and the cooling water temperature. This result compares very favourably to a DoE study for a conventional capture process embedded within an IGCC flowsheet that operated at an efficiency of 31.2 %. Further, more detailed, studies are recommended to assess the impact of various assumptions that underpin this work.
Addressing multilevel barriers to cervical cancer screening in Korean American women: A randomized trial of a community‐based intervention
Authors: Fang Carolyn Y. , Ma Grace X. , Handorf Elizabeth A. , Feng Ziding , Tan Yin , Rhee Joanne , Miller Suzanne M. , Kim Charles , Koh Han Seung 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDKorean American women have among the lowest rates of cervical cancer screening in the United States. The authors evaluated a multicomponent intervention combining community education with navigation services to reduce access barriers and increase screening rates in this underserved population. It was hypothesized that cervical cancer screening rates would be higher among women who received the intervention program compared with those in the control program.METHODSKorean American women (N = 705) were recruited from 22 churches. In this matched‐pair, group‐randomized design, 347 women received the intervention, which consisted of a culturally relevant cancer education program combined with provision of navigation services. The control group (N = 358) received general health education, including information about cervical cancer risk and screening and where to obtain low‐cost or no‐cost screening. Screening behavior was assessed 12 months after the program.RESULTSScreening behavior data were obtained from 588 women 12 months after the program. In both site‐level and participant‐level analyses, the intervention program contributed to significantly higher screening rates compared with the control program (odds ratio [OR], 25.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 10.1‐66.1; P < .001). In sensitivity analysis, the treatment effect remained highly significant (OR, 16.7; 95% CI, 8.1‐34.4; P < .001).CONCLUSIONSA multicomponent intervention combining community cancer education with navigation services yielded significant increases in cervical cancer screening rates among underscreened Korean American women. Community‐accessible programs that incorporate cancer education with the delivery of key navigation services can be highly effective in increasing cervical cancer screening rates in this underserved population. Cancer 2017;123:1018–26. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma grade 2: A diagnostic challenge to the cytopathologists
Authors: Sharma Sudha , Dey Pranab , Mitra Suvradeep , Rajwanshi Arvind , Nijhawan Raje , Srinivasan Radhika , Gupta Nalini , Das Ashim 
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUNDGrade 2 nodular sclerosis classical Hodgkin lymphoma (NSCHL) is less common than grade 1 lymphoma and has a worse overall prognosis. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no study of a large series of cases has been performed until now. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic efficacy of cytology for grade 2 NSCHL versus grade 1 NSCHL and study the morphological features of grade 2 NSCHL in fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).METHODSFifteen of 51 histopathology‐proven cases of NSCHL (18 FNAC procedures) were grade 2, and 36 were grade 1. The efficacy of FNAC for detecting grade 1 and 2 NSCHL was assessed, and the frequency of misdiagnosis was compared. The clinical details and cytomorphological features of grade 2 NSCHL were studied in detail.RESULTSAmong the grade 1 NSCHL patients, 58.4% were diagnosed with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) or had findings suggestive of HL, whereas 20% of the grade 2 patients were diagnosed HL or suggestive of HL. Two cases of grade 2 NSCHL were misdiagnosed as anaplastic large cell lymphoma, and 4 were misdiagnosed as malignant neoplasms. Grade 2 NSCHL cases showed clusters and sheets of mononuclear, multinucleated, and bizarre cells, with some cases showing a suppurative background. However, extensive searching showed occasional Reed‐Sternberg (RS) cells in most of the cases, and lacunar cells were seen in 12 cases.CONCLUSIONSThe diagnostic efficacy of FNAC is much lower for grade 2 NSCHL versus grade 1 NSCHL. The search for an occasional RS cell and the identification of lacunar cells can provide a clue for the diagnosis. Cancer Cytopathol 2017;125:104–113. © 2016 American Cancer Society.
Schedule length minimization of parallel applications with energy consumption constraints using heuristics on heterogeneous distributed systems
Authors: Xie Guoqi , Xiao Xiongren , Li Renfa , Li Keqin 
Published: November 2016

SummaryEnergy consumption is one of the primary design constraints in heterogeneous parallel and distributed systems ranging from small embedded devices to large‐scale data centers. The problem of minimizing the schedule length of an energy consumption‐constrained parallel application has been studied recently in homogeneous systems with a shared memory. To adopt the heterogeneity and distribution of high‐performance computing systems, this study solves the problem of minimizing the schedule length of an energy consumption‐constrained parallel application in heterogeneous distributed systems based on a dynamic voltage and frequency scaling energy‐efficient design technique. The aforementioned problem is divided into 2 subproblems in this study, namely, satisfying energy consumption constraint and minimizing schedule length. The first subproblem is solved by transferring the energy consumption constraint of the application to that of each task, whereas the second subproblem is solved by heuristically scheduling each task with low time complexity. Experiments using both fast Fourier transform and Gaussian elimination parallel applications show that the actual energy consumption values do not always exceed but are close to the given energy consumption constraints. In addition, the minimum schedule lengths are generated using the proposed algorithm.
Structural Dynamics and Barrier Crossing Observed for a Fluorescent O‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon
Authors: Al‐Aqar Roza , Benniston Andrew C. , Harriman Anthony , Perks Thomas 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThe O‐doped aromatic polycycleperi‐xanthenoxanthene (PXX) was prepared from 1,1′‐bi(2‐naphthol) by means of an oxidative ring closure reaction. In solution, PXX is strongly emissive and displays well‐structured absorption and fluorescence spectra but low‐temperature phosphorescence is not detected. There is little change in geometry on excitation but, in most solvents, nonradiative decay of the excited singlet state is promoted by slight twisting of the molecular backbone. This route is partially blocked in viscous solvents and at low temperature. In the liquid phase under low friction, the rate of nonradiative decay correlates with the inverse viscosity of the solvent. Nonradiative deactivation of the excited singlet state is activated in solution while the Huang–Rhys factor is sensitive to temperature changes in a glassy matrix. Assuming the twisting movement is equivalent to translational motion about the ether linkages, Kramers’ theory allows estimation of the potential curvature at the apex of the barrier.
High Biofilm Conductivity Maintained Despite Anode Potential Changes in a Geobacter‐Enriched Biofilm
Authors: Dhar Bipro Ranjan , Ryu Hodon , Ren Hao , Domingo Jorge W. Santo , Chae Junkseck , Lee Hyung‐Sool 
Published: November 2016

AbstractThis study systematically assessed intracellular electron transfer (IET) and extracellular electron transfer (EET) kinetics with respect to anode potential (Eanode) in a mixed‐culture biofilm anode enriched with Geobacter spp. High biofilm conductivity (0.96–1.24 mS cm−1) was maintained during Eanode changes from −0.2 to +0.2 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE), although the steady‐state current density significantly decreased from 2.05 to 0.35 A m−2 in a microbial electrochemical cell. Substantial increase of the Treponema population was observed in the biofilm anode at Eanode=+0.2 V, which reduced intracellular electron‐transfer kinetics associated with the maximum specific substrate‐utilization rate by a factor of ten. This result suggests that fast EET kinetics can be maintained under dynamic Eanode conditions in a highly conductive biofilm anode as a result of shift of main EET players in the biofilm anode, although Eanode changes can influence IET kinetics.
Glycidol: an Hydroxyl‐Containing Epoxide Playing the Double Role of Substrate and Catalyst for CO2 Cycloaddition Reactions
Authors: Della Monica Francesco , Buonerba Antonio , Grassi Alfonso , Capacchione Carmine , Milione Stefano 
Published: November 2016

AbstractGlycidol is converted into glycerol carbonate (GC) by coupling with CO2 in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) under mild reaction conditions (T=60 °C, P
=1 MPa) in excellent yields (99 %) and short reaction time (t=3 h). The unusual reactivity of this substrate compared to other epoxides, such as propylene oxide, under the same reaction conditions is clearly related to the presence of a hydroxyl functionality on the oxirane ring. Density functional theory calculations (DFT) supported by 1H NMR experiments reveal that the unique behavior of this substrate is a result of the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds into a dimeric structure, activating this molecule to nucleophilic attack, and allowing the formation of GC. Furthermore, the glycidol/TBAB catalytic system acts as an efficient organocatalyst for the cycloaddition of CO2 to various oxiranes.
Interpreting ambiguous bedforms to distinguish subaerial base surge from subaqueous density current deposits
Authors: Moorhouse Benjamin L. , White James D. L. 
Published: November 2016

AbstractBedform geometries of volcanogenic sedimentary structures such as dune, low‐ to high‐angle cross‐stratification and planar stratification produced in subaqueous and subaerial environments can be very similar. This has historically created difficulties in unambiguously distinguishing primary from reworked deposits, and gas‐deposited versus water‐deposited ones. The origins of dunes and associated structures within the pyroclastic deposits of basaltic Surtseyan‐style eruptions exposed in seacliffs along the Cape Wanbrow coastline of the Northeast Otago region in the South Island of New Zealand are such an example. Careful analysis of contextual information of these deposits, including granulometry, dune geometry, grading, sorting and particle hydraulic equivalence, has been completed to distinguish between major flow types in different environments. To determine the depositional setting of the Cape Wanbrow dune‐bearing deposits, a number of related sediments have been examined in more detail including well‐described examples of (i) subaerial dry pyroclastic deposits, (ii) subaerial moist pyroclastic deposits, (iii) aeolian deposits, (iv) deposits of unidirectional fluid‐gravity water flows (e.g. rivers) and cyclic tidal flows, and (v) aqueous sediment‐gravity flow deposits encompassing both pyroclastic material and those with non‐pyroclastic material. From this compendium, a framework has been created that allows users to compare the physical controls that shape each example with the factors controlling bedform deposition in that environment. Identifying key characteristics of the Cape Wanbrow dunes and comparing multiple flow types and environments using the designed framework indicates that they were deposited by subaerial dry pyroclastic density currents. This conclusion has wider implications for the entire Surtseyan stack at Cape Wanbrow, because it indicates that at least this volcano (Rua2) became emergent and fully subaerial during its lifespan.