bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low sense of mattering in society and delinquency among young people: An initial investigation
Authors: Virat Mael , Flett Gordon , Massez Lisa , Przygodzki‐Lionet Nathalie 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundStudies of mattering and delinquency among young people have, to date, focused solely on whether teenagers think that they matter to each other. No one has yet examined the extent to which young people think that they matter to society generally and how this relates to delinquency.AimsTo explore relationships between young peoples' sense of being of value to society and their delinquent intentions. First, we tested relationships between such ‘societal mattering’ scores and delinquent intentions; secondly, we tested self‐rated attitudes towards the criminal justice system and associating with delinquent peers as possible mediators of any relationship.MethodsFour hundred and twenty‐eight 10‐ to 21‐year‐olds were recruited by social media, flyers or in one school in France. They were asked to complete a schedule online, in private, first rating themselves on a five‐point Likert scale according to the statement ‘I feel like I matter in society’. They were then asked to rate the frequency and variety of their own delinquency and delinquent intentions, then the extent to which they related to peers with positive or negative attitudes towards the law and its representatives and their own attitudes towards the criminal justice system.ResultsUnder one in three of these young people felt that they mattered in society. Regression analyses showed that lower sense of such mattering was associated with delinquent intentions, even after controlling for own past delinquency, age and gender. Peers' attitudes and personal attitudes towards the justice system partially mediated this link.ConclusionOur findings add to literature on sense of place in society and criminal behaviours by showing, for the first time, that a sense of not mattering in society, or mattering little, is likely to be associated with delinquency. Although we recommend extending this study to international, population‐based samples, we suggest school and community initiatives to ensure that young people do feel valued by society, which may contribute to community safety.
Mechanochemical Radical Transformations in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Sheikhaleslami Sahra , Sperry Jonathan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractOrganic synthesis has historically relied on solution‐phase, polar transformations to forge new bonds. However, this paradigm is evolving, propelled by the rapid evolution of radical chemistry. Additionally, organic synthesis is witnessing a simultaneous resurgence in mechanochemistry, the formation of new bonds in the solid‐state, further contributing to this shift in the status quo. The aforementioned advances in radical chemistry have predominantly occurred in the solution phase, while the majority of mechanochemical synthesis advances feature polar transformations. Herein, we discuss a rapidly advancing area of organic synthesis: mechanochemical radical reactions. Solid‐state radical reactions offer improved green chemistry metrics, better reaction outcomes, and access to intermediates and products that are difficult or impossible to reach in solution. This review explores these reactions in the context of small molecule synthesis, from early findings to the current state‐of‐the‐art, underscoring the pivotal role solid‐state radical reactions are likely to play in advancing sustainable chemical synthesis.
Analysis of the impact of geological and engineering parameters on productivity in tight oil reservoirs
Authors: Li Chuan , Zhou Xiaofeng , Lv Changsheng , Xiang Kui 
Published: October 2024

AbstractTight oil resources are abundant, but the factors affecting production capacity are complex. In this paper, focusing on tight oil reservoirs, three research works were conducted. First, using the numerical simulation software, a numerical model of tight oil reservoirs was established. Second, the influence of geological parameters such as porosity and permeability on oil production were analyzed. Third, the influence of rock compression coefficient and injection fluid on tight oil production were analyzed. Results show that: (a) When the porosity is 0.05, the cumulative oil production in the first 6 years is the highest, while in the later stage of the simulation, the cumulative oil production with a porosity of 0.1 is the highest. (b) The higher the permeability, the greater the cumulative oil production. The cumulative oil production under different permeability conditions are 1392.044, 2178.805, 2939.1704, and 4038.0878 m3, respectively. (c) Under tight reservoir conditions, the impact of different rock compression coefficients on the daily oil production of oil and gas reservoirs is not very significant. (d) The recovery effect is optimal when using the N2 injection scheme. The effectiveness of the CH4 scheme is second, and there is a certain gap compared to the N2 scheme. The development plan of injecting water has the worst effect. However, compared to the depletion development model, the cumulative oil production by injecting N2, CO2, CH4, and water has all increased.
Individual color matching functions from cross‐media color‐matching experiment
Authors: Shen Che , Fairchild Mark D. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractHuman color vision exhibits substantial variability, challenging the accurate measurement and reproduction of individual color appearances. This paper introduces a novel cross‐media color‐matching experiment that combines physical pigments and digital displays, providing a practical and efficient solution to measure individual color matching functions (CMFs). By using the Kubelka–Munk theory to synthesize broadband spectral pigments, optimized metameric pairs can be created to significantly differentiate categorical observers. Psychophysical experiment results reveal the superiority of specific CMFs for individual observers, surpassing standard models like the CIE 1931 2‐degree CMFs. This study also underscores the significance of employing CMFs for personalized color reproduction and explores the potential benefits of using higher bit‐depth displays, narrower‐band displays, and increasing repetition counts to enhance the accuracy of the color matching process.
Spatial Risk Effects From Lions Compound Impacts of Prey Depletion on African Wild Dogs
Authors: Goodheart Ben , Creel Scott , Schuette Paul , Droge Egil , Becker Justine A. , Banda Kambwiri , Kusler Anna , Matsushima Stephi , Banda Kachama , Kabwe Ruth , Donald Will , Reyes de Merkle Johnathan , Kaluka Adrian , Chifunte Clive , Becker Matthew S. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTPrey depletion threatens many carnivore species across the world and can especially threaten low‐density subordinate competitors, particularly if subordinates are limited to low densities by their dominant competitors. Understanding the mechanisms that drive responses of carnivore density to prey depletion is not only crucial for conservation but also elucidates the balance between top‐down and bottom‐up limitations within the large carnivore guild. To avoid predation, competitively subordinate African wild dogs typically avoid their dominant competitors (lions) and the prey rich areas they are associated with, but no prior research has tested whether this pattern persists in ecosystems with anthropogenically‐reduced prey density, and reduced lion density as a result. We used spatial data from wild dogs and lions in the prey‐depleted Greater Kafue Ecosystem to test if wild dogs continue to avoid lions (despite their low density), and consequently avoid habitats with higher densities of their dominant prey species. We found that although lion density is 3X lower than comparable ecosystems, wild dogs continue to strongly avoid lions, and consequently avoid habitats associated with their two most important prey species. Although the density of lions in the GKE is low due to prey depletion, their competitive effects on wild dogs remain strong. These effects are likely compounded by prey‐base homogenization, as lions in the GKE now rely heavily on the same prey preferred by wild dogs. These results suggest that a reduction in lion density does not necessarily reduce competition, and helps explain why wild dogs decline in parallel with their dominant competitors in ecosystems suffering from anthropogenic prey depletion. Protecting prey populations within the few remaining strongholds for wild dogs is vitally important to avoid substantial population declines. Globally, understanding the impacts of prey depletion on carnivore guild dynamics should be an increasingly important area of focus for conservation.
The higher oxygen consumption during multiple short intervals is sex‐independent and not influenced by skeletal muscle characteristics in well‐trained cyclists
Authors: Urianstad Tomas , Hamarsland Håvard , Odden Ingvill , Lorentzen Håvard Crantz , Hammarström Daniel , Mølmen Knut Sindre , Rønnestad Bent R. 
Published: October 2024

AbstractIt has been suggested that time spent at a high fraction of maximal oxygen consumption (%O2max) plays a decisive role for adaptations to interval training. However, previous studies examining how interval sessions should be designed to achieve a high %O2max have exclusively been performed in males. The present study compared the %O2max attained during three different 6 × 8 min interval protocols, in female (n = 11; O2max, 62.5 (6.4) mL · min−1·kg−1) and male (n = 8; O2max, 81.0 (5.2) mL · min−1·kg−1) cyclists. Mean power output during work intervals were identical across the three interval protocols, corresponding to the cyclist's 40 min maximal effort (PO40min): (1) 30 s intervals at 118% of PO40min interspersed with 15 s active recovery at 60% (30/15), (2) constant pace at 100% of PO40min (CON), and (3) altering between 60 s intervals at 110% and 60 s at 90% of PO40min (60/60). Additionally, the study explored whether the m. vastus lateralis characteristics of the cyclists (fiber type proportion, capillarization, and citrate synthase activity) were associated with the %O2max attained during the interval sessions. Overall, mean %O2max and time ≥90% of O2max were higher during 30/15 compared to CON (86.7 (10.1)% and 1123 (787) s versus 85.0 (10.4)% and 879 (779) s, respectively; both p ≤ 0.01) and 60/60 (85.6 (10.0)% and 917 (745) s, respectively; both p ≤ 0.05), while no difference was observed between 60/60 and CON (both p ≥ 0.36). During interval sessions, %O2max and time ≥90% of O2max did not differ between sexes. Skeletal muscle characteristics were not related to %O2max during interval sessions. In conclusion, well‐trained cyclists demonstrate highest %O2max during 30/15, irrespective of sex and skeletal muscle characteristics.
Minimizing voltage losses in Sn perovskite solar cells by Cs2SnI6 passivation
Authors: Heo Jin Hyuck , Park Sang Woo , Lee Hyong Joon , Park Jin Kyoung , Im Sang Hyuk , Hong Ki‐Ha 
Published: October 2024

AbstractStability and oxidation are major bottlenecks in improving the performance of Sn‐based perovskite solar cells. In this study, we present the formation of an n‐type Cs2SnI6 double‐perovskite (Sn‐DP) layer on a (PEAI)0.15(FAI)0.85SnI2 perovskite (Sn‐P) layer using an orthogonal solution‐processable spray‐coating method. This novel approach achieves a minimized Voc loss of 0.38 V and a PCE of 12.9% under 1 sun conditions. The n‐type DP layer effectively passivates tin vacancies, suppresses Sn2+ oxidation, reduces defects, and enhances electron extraction. Furthermore, the Sn‐DP/Sn‐P‐based solar cells exhibit excellent light‐soaking stability for 1000 h in the air under continuous one sun illumination, which is attributed to the stable Sn4+ state of the DP layer. Our experimental and theoretical investigations reveal that the type‐II band alignment between Sn‐DP and Sn‐P enhances the stability of the solar cells. The proposed Sn‐DP/Sn‐P architecture offers a promising pathway for developing Sn‐based solar cells.image
Vine Tea Extract Enhanced the Fermentation of Skimmed Milk by Lacticaseibacillus casei
Authors: Wang Kun , Ma Chengjie , Zhang Man 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTVine tea extract (VTE), from the traditional Chinese herbal tea, was added to reconstituted skimmed milk; the mixture was fermented with Lacticaseibacillus casei, and fermentation characteristics, flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity (AOC), and viability of L. casei were measured. 2 mg/mL VTE promoted L. casei growth and 8 mg/mL VTE inhibited growth, an effect consistent with observed pH changes. Total flavonoid content and AOC increased with increasing VTE dosage. Dihydromyricetin was partially metabolized during fermentation and accounted for most of the antioxidant function of VTE. 2 mg/mL VTE was optimal for maintenance of probiotic culture and pH stability during cold storage and improved AOC during product shelf life. VTE has the potential to increase the health benefits of probiotic dairy products, and the resulting mixture may be suitable to use as a daily milk‐based health drink.
Fabrics and Origin of Troctolites in the Keketoukeleke Ultramafic–Mafic Complex, South Altyn Tagh, Northwest China
Authors: Geng Guojian , Liu Liang , Xu Haijun 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTTroctolite is relatively rare compared with other ultramafic–mafic rocks, but its origins and rheological deformation are significant for understanding melt–rock interactions and fractional crystallization of mafic magmas. The Keketoukeleke ultramafic–mafic complex in the South Altyn Tagh, northwest China, consists mainly of dunite, coarse‐ and fine‐grained troctolite. Based on petrographic observations, major and trace element variations of the dunites and troctolites, and low olivine Zr/Y and Ti/Y ratios, we propose that the troctolites were formed by fractional crystallization and late localized water‐bearing melt injection. In addition, the olivine in the dunites has A‐ and E‐type fabrics, whereas the olivine in the troctolites has a weak fabric and plagioclase has a pronounced fabric with the [010] axes aligned subnormal to the foliation and [100] axes subparallel to the lineation. The results suggest that the troctolite rheological deformation was concentrated mainly in plagioclase, and the olivine only underwent grain rotation or grain boundary slip. Furthermore, the dating of baddeleyite in troctolite suggests they crystallized at 378.6 ± 2.3 Ma, suggesting the Keketoukeleke ultramafic–mafic complex emplaced the continental crust extension after deep subduction–exhumation process of South Altyn.
Suspected Pseudobulbar Affect in Neurodegenerative Disease
Authors: O’Connor Maureen K. , Frank Brandon , DeCaro Renée , Vives‐Rodriguez Ana , Hurley Landon , Turk Katherine W. , Budson Andrew E. 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo investigate the association between suspected pseudobulbar affect (PBA), clinical diagnosis, cognitive testing, and self‐reported mood in older adults presenting for evaluation of dementia.ParticipantsPatients presenting to an outpatient memory disorders clinic (N = 311).MethodsWe used traditional and novel network modeling approaches to examine associations between neuropsychological (NP) tests, patient and clinician rating scales, and the Center for Neurological Study‐Lability Scale (CNS‐LS) among patients with suspected AD (n = 133) and other neurocognitive diagnosis (n = 178). We then examined differences in test performance between patients with and without suspected PBA (CNS‐LS cut‐off of ≥ 13), while accounting for demographic and psychiatric covariates with propensity score matching. Group differences were assessed with Bayesian models.ResultsPrevalence of suspected PBA in AD was slightly less than half (44.4%) and at a similar rate in other dementias (e.g., 46.9% in CVD and 45.5% in LBD). In network models, the CNS‐LS was associated with higher anxiety and better word list recall. After accounting for covariates, AD patients with suspected PBA performed better on word list recall βM = 0.40, 95% CI [0.15, 0.66], and committed fewer false positive errors on recognition βM = −1.51, 95% CI [−2.34, −0.59] than AD patients without suspected PBA. There were no differences in patients with any other diagnostic impression, nor group differences on other NP measures.ConclusionsPatients with suspected PBA and AD diagnosis had better memory recall and recognition than those without suspected PBA, suggesting that impaired emotional regulation may be an early sign of AD in patients with less prominent memory decline. Better understanding PBA in neurodegenerative diseases, including prevalence and comorbidity with psychiatric conditions, could help with early identification, education, and initiation of treatment.
Selective Brain Activations and Connectivities Related to the Storage and Recall of Human Object‐Location, Reward‐Location, and Word‐Pair Episodic Memories
Authors: Rolls Edmund T. , Zhang Ruohan , Deco Gustavo , Vatansever Deniz , Feng Jianfeng 
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACTDifferent cortical systems to the hippocampus were activated using fMRI during different types of episodic memory task. For object with scene location episodic memory, the activations were high in cortical systems involved in spatial processing, including the ventromedial visual and medial parahippocampal system. These activations for the medial parahippocampal system were higher in the right hemisphere. The activations in the face and object processing ventrolateral visual cortical stream regions FFC, PIT, V8 and TE2p were higher in the object‐location in scene task than the reward‐location task, and were higher in the right hemisphere. For reward‐location in scene episodic memory, activations were also high in the ventromedial visual cortical spatial stream to the hippocampus, but were also selectively high in storage in key reward cortical regions (ventromedial prefrontal 10r, 10v, 10d; pregenual anterior cingulate d32, p24, p32, s32; and medial orbitofrontal cortex reward‐related pOFC, 11l, OFC). For word‐pair episodic memory, activations were lower in the ventromedial visual and medial parahippocampal spatial cortical stream, and were higher in language‐related regions in Broca's area (44, 45, 47l), and were higher in the left hemisphere for these regions and for the many highly connected inferior frontal gyrus regions in the left hemisphere. Further, effective connectivity analyses during the episodic memory tasks showed that the direction of connectivity for these systems was from early visual cortical regions V2–V4 to the ventromedial visual cortical regions VMV1–3 and VVC for spatial scene processing; was from the pregenual anterior cingulate and orbitofrontal cortex reward systems to the hippocampal system; and was from the FFC/V8/PIT system to TE2p in the visual inferior temporal visual cortex, which has connectivity to lateral parahippocampal TF, which in turn has forward effective connectivity to the hippocampus.
Exploring the feasibility of integrating ultra‐high field magnetic resonance imaging neuroimaging with multimodal artificial intelligence for clinical diagnostics
Authors: Yuan Yifan , Chen Kaitao , Zhu Youjia , Yu Yang , Hu Mintao , Chu Ying‐Hua , Hsu Yi‐Cheng , Hu Jie , Yue Qi , Liu Mianxin 
Published: October 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe integration of 7 Tesla (7T) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with advanced multimodal artificial intelligence (AI) models represents a promising frontier in neuroimaging. The superior spatial resolution of 7TMRI provides detailed visualizations of brain structure, which are crucial forunderstanding complex central nervous system diseases and tumors. Concurrently, the application of multimodal AI to medical images enables interactive imaging‐based diagnostic conversation.MethodsIn this paper, we systematically investigate the capacity and feasibility of applying the existing advanced multimodal AI model ChatGPT‐4V to 7T MRI under the context of brain tumors. First, we test whether ChatGPT‐4V has knowledge about 7T MRI, and whether it can differentiate 7T MRI from 3T MRI. In addition, we explore whether ChatGPT‐4V can recognize different 7T MRI modalities and whether it can correctly offer diagnosis of tumors based on single or multiple modality 7T MRI.ResultsChatGPT‐4V exhibited accuracy of 84.4% in 3T‐vs‐7T differentiation and accuracy of 78.9% in 7T modality recognition. Meanwhile, in a human evaluation with three clinical experts, ChatGPT obtained average scores of 9.27/20 in single modality‐based diagnosis and 21.25/25 in multiple modality‐based diagnosis. Our study indicates that single‐modality diagnosis and the interpretability of diagnostic decisions in clinical practice should be enhanced when ChatGPT‐4V is applied to 7T data.ConclusionsIn general, our analysis suggests that such integration has promise as a tool to improve the workflow of diagnostics in neurology, with a potentially transformative impact in the fields of medical image analysis and patient management.
Protective effect and mechanism of CoQ10 in mitochondrial dysfunction in diquat‐induced renal proximal tubular injury
Authors: Wu Jin , Jia Yingmao , Liao Ya , Yang Denghui , Ren Honglin , Xie Zhihui , Hu Jie , Lu Yuanlan 
Published: October 2024

AbstractCoenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays an important role in improving mitochondrial function and has many beneficial effects on the kidney. However, whether CoQ10 protects against diquat (DQ)‐induced acute kidney injury (AKI) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the protective effects and mechanism of action of CoQ10 against DQ‐induced AKI. Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice were intraperitoneally injected with DQ to induce AKI. The expression levels of serum creatinine (Cr), urea, and kidney injury molecule‐1 (KIM‐1) increased, those of aquaporin 1 (AQP‐1) decreased, and those of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased with increased depolarization of mitochondrial membranes and mitochondrial rupture. In contrast, treatment with CoQ10 significantly improved DQ‐induced AKI. CoQ10 treatment reduced serum Cr, urea, and KIM‐1 contents, increased the AQP‐1 expression, and reduced ROS contents in mice with DQ poisoning. Our results suggest that AKI caused by DQ poisoning may be related to the disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis and that CoQ10 treatment protects against AKI caused by DQ poisoning by improving mitochondrial kinetic homeostasis. Thus, CoQ10 represents a new therapeutic option for the prevention and treatment of AKI caused by DQ poisoning.