bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of phosphorylated nucleotides by collisional and electron‐based tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Ball Andrew T. , Prakash Aruna S. , Bristow Anthony W.T. , Sims Martin , Mosely Jackie A. 
Published: August 2016

RationaleTandem mass spectrometry of phosphorylated ions can often yield a limited number of product ions owing to the labile nature of phosphate groups. Developing techniques to improve dissociation for this type of ion has implications for the structural characterisation of many different phosphorylated ions, such as those from nucleotides, pharmaceutical compounds, peptides and polymers.MethodsSolutions of adenosine monophosphate, diphosphate and triphosphate (AMP, ADP and ATP) were studied in a hybrid linear ion trap–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer. Precursor ions with an overall single positive charge, including protonated nucleotides or nucleotide cations containing one, two or three sodium atoms, were isolated for tandem mass spectrometry. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) was performed in the linear ion trap, with electron‐induced dissociation (EID) being conducted in the FTICR cell.ResultsEID resulted in many product ions not seen in CID. EID product ion spectra were seen to vary for AMP, ADP and ATP when the nucleotide cation contained zero, one, two or three sodiums. Precursor cations that contain two or three sodiums mainly formed product ions derived from the phosphate group. Conversely, when a precursor ion containing no sodium underwent EID, product ions mainly relating to the non‐phosphate end of the ion were observed. The number of phosphate groups was not seen to greatly affect either CID or EID product ion spectra.ConclusionsThe presence of sodium in a precursor ion directs electron‐induced bond dissociation, thus enabling targeted, and therefore tuneable, fragmentation of groups within that precursor ion. For all precursor ions, the most useful product ion spectra were obtained by EID for a precursor ion containing one sodium, with bond dissociation occurring across the entire nucleotide cation. The findings of this study can be used to improve the structural elucidation of many phosphorylated molecules by broadening the range of product ions achievable. © 2016 The Authors. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Synergies and tradeoffs in software reuse – a systematic mapping study
Authors: Bombonatti Denise , Goulão Miguel , Moreira Ana 
Published: August 2016

SummarySoftware reuse is a broadly accepted practice to improve software development quality and productivity. Although an object of study in software engineering since the late sixties, achieving effective reuse remains challenging for many software development organizations. This paper reports a systematic mapping study on how reusability relates to other non‐functional requirements and how different contextual factors influence the success of a reuse initiative. The conclusion is that the relationships are discussed rather informally, and that human, organizational, and technological domain factors are extremely relevant to a particular reuse context. This mapping study highlights the need for further research to better understand how exactly the different non‐functional requirements and context factors affect reusability. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Untersuchungen zum Allgemeinen Nachweisverfahren gegen Biegedrillknicken nach EN 1993‐1‐1
Authors: Timmers Ralph , Wieser Aaron , Lener Gerhard 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIm Zuge der Einführung der Eurocodes wurden einige der bis dahin üblichen Nachweisverfahren der ÖNORMEN bzw. DIN‐Normen durch neue Nachweisverfahren ersetzt bzw. ergänzt. Dies war auch beim Nachweisverfahren gegen Biegedrillknicken der Fall. In der Norm EN 1993‐1‐1, Abschnitt 6.3.4 findet sich das “Allgemeine Verfahren für Knick‐ und Biegedrillknicknachweise für Bauteile”. Der Anwendungsbereich dieses “Allgemeinen Verfahrens” wird von der EN 1993‐1‐1 relativ großzügig definiert, von den nationalen Dokumenten ÖNORM B 1993‐1‐1 und DIN EN 1993‐1‐1/NA aber wieder stark eingeschränkt. Die praktische Anwendung des Verfahrens wird zudem durch diese Einschränkungen erschwert. Es ist daher das Ziel dieses Beitrages, eine möglichst anwenderfreundliche Vorgehensweise festzulegen und den großzügigen Anwendungsbereich dieses “neuen” Verfahrens bzw. die Einschränkungen der Nationalen Dokumente anhand ausgewählter Beispiele zu verifizieren. Zum direkten Vergleich werden dazu vorab Traglasten mit der FEM bestimmt.Studies to the general method against lateral torsional buckling according to EN 1993‐1‐1. With the introduction of the Eurocodes, compared to the proof methods of the ÖNORM and the DIN‐standards, new proof methods were included. This happened also in the case of the proof methods against lateral torsional buckling. In section 6.3.4 of EN 1993‐1‐1, there is the “general method for lateral and lateral torsional buckling of structural components”. The application field of these “general method” is defined in a relatively generous way by the EN 1993‐1‐1; however, the national documents ÖNORM B 1993‐1‐1 and DIN EN 1993‐1‐1/NA place limits on it. In addition, the practical application is made more difficult by these restrictions. Therefore, the aim of this article is to define a user‐friendly approach, to examine the application limits of these “new” method and to check the limitations imposed by the national documents based on selected systems. For direct comparison ultimate loads were determined first by use of the FEM.
Density‐dependent population regulation detected in short time series of saproxylic beetles
Authors: Andow David A. , Kiritani Keizi 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUnderstanding the regulation of natural populations has been a long‐standing problem in ecology. Here we analyze the population dynamics of 17 species of saproxylic beetles in Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan collected over 11–12 years using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. We first examined the dynamics for indications of the order of the ARIMA models and evaluated the time series to determine that it was not simply a random, white noise sequence. All species dynamics were not mere random noise, and ARIMA models up to lag 3 were considered. The best model was selected from the possible ones using several criteria: model convergence, weak residual autocorrelation, the small sample AIC must be among the smallest that were not significantly different, and the lag indicated by the cutoff values in the detrended partial autocorrelation function. We found significant and nearly significant direct density‐dependence for 14 of the 17 species, varying from −0.709 and stronger. The characteristic return rates were strong and only one species had a weak return rate (>0.9), implying that these species were strongly regulated by density‐dependent factors. We found that populations with higher order ARIMA models (lag 2 and 3) had weaker return rates than populations with ARIMA models with only one lag, suggesting that species with more complex dynamics were more weakly regulated. These results contrast with previous suggestions that 20+ years are needed to detect density dependence from population time series and that most populations are weakly regulated.
Reversal of 3‐day losers and continuation of 3‐day winners on the NASDAQ
Authors: Gutierrez Jose 
Published: August 2016

AbstractUsing only the 200 large‐cap securities that make up the NYSE 100 and NASDAQ 100, this study investigates 130 randomly selected formation periods from January 2000 through December 2012. During these formation periods, the three worst and three best performing stocks (based on excess return) are flagged. Once flagged, the subsequent 10‐day holding period excess returns are calculated. Results indicate that NYSE securities demonstrate significant return reversal, but not return momentum. Conversely, the worst performing NASDAQ securities demonstrate return reversal, whereas the best performing NASDAQ securities demonstrate return momentum. Results are robust to the number of best and worst stocks that are flagged. Results are also robust to other combinations of formation and holding period lengths.
Ukrainian Hopak: From Dance for Entertainment to Martial Art
Authors: Pivtorak Yuliya 
Published: August 2016

Hopak dance is one of the most visually recognizable symbols of Ukraine—either as a Soviet republic or an independent country. Men in bright colored sharovary pants performing virtuosic jumps in squatting position or effortless high leaps to stylized folk tunes is one of the most popular moving images that represent Ukrainian culture. During from the 1950s until recently, the hopak in Ukraine was performed almost exclusively as a stage dance art (unlike in diasporas where it has over time has taken on traits of social dance and event), connected with state celebrations.Starting in 1985, a new kind of hopak has been formed and implemented in Ukraine—military hopak. Its tradition is claimed to descend from the martial art of Zaporizhian Kossaks, which was lost during Soviet times and later rediscovered and renewed as specifically a Ukrainian martial art. It gained lots of publicity, fans, and practitioners in the 2000s, and it seemed that military hopak strived to replace the old, representational stage dance version of its practice, which emphasized playfulness and light-hearted character of Ukrainian folk. Hopak as a martial art refers to the heroic past of Ukraine, its identity, and uniqueness.
SYLVESTER–GALLAI TYPE THEOREMS FOR APPROXIMATE COLLINEARITY
Authors: AI ALBERT , DVIR ZEEV , SARAF SHUBHANGI , WIGDERSON AVI 
Published: August 2016

AbstractWe study questions in incidence geometry where the precise position of points is ‘blurry’ (for example due to noise, inaccuracy or error). Thus lines are replaced by narrow tubes, and more generally affine subspaces are replaced by their small neighborhood. We show that the presence of a sufficiently large number of approximately collinear triples in a set of points in ${\mathbb{C}}^d$ implies that the points are close to a low dimensional affine subspace. This can be viewed as a stable variant of the Sylvester–Gallai theorem and its extensions. Building on the recently found connection between Sylvester–Gallai type theorems and complex locally correctable codes (LCCs), we define the new notion of stable LCCs, in which the (local) correction procedure can also handle small perturbations in the Euclidean metric. We prove that such stable codes with constant query complexity do not exist. No impossibility results were known in any such local setting for more than two queries.
A prebiotic galactooligosaccharide mixture reduces severity of hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction and markers of airway inflammation
Authors: Williams Neil C. , Johnson Michael A. , Shaw Dominick E. , Spendlove Ian , Vulevic Jelena , Sharpe Graham R. , Hunter Kirsty A. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractGut microbes have a substantial influence on systemic immune function and allergic sensitisation. Manipulation of the gut microbiome through prebiotics may provide a potential strategy to influence the immunopathology of asthma. This study investigated the effects of prebiotic Bimuno-galactooligosaccharide (B-GOS) supplementation on hyperpnoea-induced bronchoconstriction (HIB), a surrogate for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and airway inflammation. A total of ten adults with asthma and HIB and eight controls without asthma were randomised to receive 5·5 g/d of either B-GOS or placebo for 3 weeks separated by a 2-week washout period. The peak fall in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) following eucapnic voluntary hyperpnoea (EVH) defined HIB severity. Markers of airway inflammation were measured at baseline and after EVH. Pulmonary function remained unchanged in the control group. In the HIB group, the peak post-EVH fall in FEV1at day 0 (−880 (sd480) ml) was unchanged after placebo, but was attenuated by 40 % (−940 (sd460)v. −570 (sd310) ml,P=0·004) after B-GOS. In the HIB group, B-GOS reduced baseline chemokine CC ligand 17 (399 (sd140)v. 323 (sd144) pg/ml,P=0·005) and TNF-α(2·68 (sd0·98)v. 2·18 (sd0·59) pg/ml,P=0·040) and abolished the EVH-induced 29 % increase in TNF-α. Baseline C-reactive protein was reduced following B-GOS in HIB (2·46 (sd1·14)v. 1·44 (sd0·41) mg/l,P=0·015) and control (2·16 (sd1·02)v. 1·47 (sd0·33) mg/l,P=0·050) groups. Chemokine CC ligand 11 and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide remained unchanged. B-GOS supplementation attenuated airway hyper-responsiveness with concomitant reductions in markers of airway inflammation associated with HIB.
Oxidative stress and nitric oxide are increased in obese children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function
Authors: Correia-Costa Liane , Sousa Teresa , Morato Manuela , Cosme Dina , Afonso Joana , Areias José C. , Schaefer Franz , Guerra António , Afonso Alberto C. , Azevedo Ana , Albino-Teixeira António 
Published: August 2016

AbstractOxidative stress and nitric oxide (NO) appear to represent important links between obesity and cardiovascular, metabolic and/or renal disease. We investigated whether oxidative stress and NO production/metabolism are increased in overweight and obese prepubertal children and correlate with cardiometabolic risk and renal function. We performed a cross-sectional evaluation of 313 children aged 8–9 years. Anthropometrics, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure, pulse wave velocity (PWV), insulin resistance (homoeostasis model assessment index (HOMA-IR)), inflammatory/metabolic biomarkers, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), plasma total antioxidant status (TAS), plasma and urinary isoprostanes (P-Isop, U-Isop), urinary hydrogen peroxide (U-H2O2), and plasma and urinary nitrates and nitrites (P-NOx, U-NOx) were compared among normal weight, overweight and obese groups, according to WHO BMI z-score reference. U-Isop were increased in the obese group, whereas U-NOx were increased in both overweight and obese children. U-Isop were positively correlated with U-H2O2, myeloperoxidase (MPO), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, HOMA-IR and TAG. TAS correlated negatively with U-Isop and MPO and positively with PWV. HOMA-IR and U-H2O2 were associated with higher U-Isop, independently of BMI and eGFR, and total cholesterol and U-H2O2 were associated with U-NOx, independently of BMI, eGFR values and P-NOx concentration. In overweight and obese children, eGFR decreased across P-NOx tertiles (median: 139·3 (25th, 75th percentile 128·0, 146·5), 128·0 (25th, 75th percentile 121·5, 140·4), 129·5 (25th, 75th percentile 119·4, 138·3), Pfor linear trend=0·003). We conclude that oxidant status and NO are increased in relation to fat accumulation and, even in young children, they translate into higher values of cardiometabolic risk markers and affect renal function.
Salvadoran Martyrs: A Love That Does Justice
Authors: Schubeck Thomas L. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWho are today's martyrs? Many Salvadorans call Archbishop Romero and the Jesuits and the two women killed at Central American University martyrs. Should they be numbered among the martyrs of the church? The author contends that it would be fitting for the Catholic Church to do so, based on the contemporary church teaching on martyrdom. Tracing the origin and development of the notion of Christian martyrdom from the New Testament to the present day, the author shows how Thomas Aquinas, the Second Vatican Council, Karl Rahner, and Pope John Paul II have contributed to the enlargement of the concept of the Christian martyr that fittingly describes the Salvadoran witnesses. Moved by love of God and neighbor, the martyr courageously endures death for bearing witness to the Christian faith that includes speaking the truth and doing justice.
Sex, Spirituality, and Pre-Modern Readings of the Song of Songs
Authors: Ryan Thomas F. 
Published: August 2016

ABSTRACTWhile unfamiliar to many today, the Song of Songs was once one of the most frequently interpreted books of the Bible. This article seeks to counter the current lack of familiarity by highlighting the significance for the classroom of pre-modern exegesis of the Song. As course content, it provides a starting point from which to examine Christian thought and practice over the last two millennia. In particular, it supplies evidence that Christians (and Jews) have expressed some of their most profound insights into spirituality in terms of the erotic poetry of the Song. This essay concludes with an examination of method. How can pre-modern exegesis contribute to contemporary debates about interpretation, particularly of biblical texts?
The Theology of Faith: A Bibliographical Survey (And More)
Authors: Mackey James P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis study begins from a discussion of reason and faith, moves into a consideration of the theology of revelation, and then returns to treat the theology of faith which in the author's judgment is the more fundamental concept of Christian theology. How can one person find faith in history when another can only find probability? Perhaps we achieve what others enable us to achieve. The author suggests a transition from Jesus as man of faith, capable of acknowledging God and being hopeful in and through the ordinary stuff of human existence, and inspirer of faith to Jesus as himself drawn into the faith of his followers and given the titles they gave him.
The Search for Transcendence: A Humanistic Perspective
Authors: Tillman Mary Katherine 
Published: August 2016

AbstractAn interdisciplinary seminar focusing on various attempts to articulate the human aspiration toward transcendence. Through selected readings, reflection and discussion, this course will consider the personal and psychological odyssey towards relation, wholeness and health; the aesthetic quest for beauty and richness of meaning; the philosopher's search for clarity, understanding and ultimacy; and the historical and political struggle for purpose and direction—in terms of an underlying thematic unity which all of these expressions of the human spirit share: the human desire to transcend.
The Appearances of the Risen Lord: Faith, Fact, and Objectivity
Authors: Loewe William P. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThe present decade has seen the publication of a large number of christologies. Chalcedon no longer sets the logic of these new works. Taking their cue from biblical studies, they assign the resurrection a key position as the swing-point from the earthly Jesus to the ensuing theological and dogmatic tradition of Christian faith. They likewise agree in locating the origin of faith in the resurrection in the events which gave rise to the Easter appearance tradition within the New Testament.At this point significant differences emerge. The present article offers a sample of representative positions in order to exhibit how they differ with regard to the kinds of question they are willing to entertain about the Easter appearances as well as with regard to the kinds of reality claim they wish to assert. The article concludes that the key issue dividing them is the philosophical question of the nature of objectivity.
In Memory of Catherine Mowry LaCugna (1952-97)
Authors: Dallavalle Nancy A. 
Published: August 2016

Catherine Mowry LaCugna died on Saturday, May 3, 1997, at the age of forty-four, after a long battle with breast cancer. She was the Nancy Reeves Dreux Professor of Theology at the University of Notre Dame, the recipient of the Sheedy award for excellence in teaching, and the author of God for Us: The Trinity and Christian Life, which won the First Place Award from the Catholic Press Association in 1992. She edited the collection Freeing Theology: The Essentials of Theology in Feminist Perspective, and published numerous articles as well as her dissertation on the methodology of Hans Küng. At the time of her death, she had received a Lilly grant to work on a book on the Holy Spirit during the academic year 1997-98.As her doctoral student I had the privilege of listening to her think aloud over a number of years, and found that her formidable intellect and deep sense of pastoral compassion were not complementary powers but the fruits of a single-minded focus on the Holy. For Catherine, the movement of creation from God and to God (exitus-reditus) was no mere model, but a deeply held conviction about the origin and end of the world and its creatures, herself included. Her theological writings reflected the directness of her engagement with the reality of God and, indeed, her disposition before this mystery had a monastic familiarity in its combination of fearlessness and utter humility. Her view of the world was both precise and thoroughly undomesticated; despair, artifice, and sentiments were sins against the Spirit that ignored the factum of the abiding presence of God.
Believing and Seeing: The Roles of Faith, Reason, and Experience in Theravada Buddhism
Authors: Burford Grace G. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractIn early Buddhism, “seeing” means the direct apprehension of reality, when the senses operate undistorted by the mediating, corruptible influences of preconceived notions or cognitive analysis. To see in this way is to be wise, to be a buddha. Yet one reaches this ultimate achievement by cultivating analysis of one's sense perceptions, guided by preconceived notions accepted on the basis of faith. By looking at several Pāli texts that teach the fundamentals of the Buddhist path, one can see how the Theravāda Buddhists resolve this congruity between their goal (direct, unmediated seeing) and the means to reach it (faith and reason): they treat both faith and reason as useful tools to be discarded when one has outgrown the need for them.
Devotio Post-Moderna: On Using a “Spiritual Classic” as a Diagnostic Tool in a Freshman Christian Formation Course
Authors: Steele Richard B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractThis article describes the reasons that a late medieval spiritual classic,The Imitation of Christby Thomas a Kempis, was recently adopted as a textbook for a freshman course in “Christian Formation” at a mid-sized Evangelical Protestant university (Seattle Pacific University in Seattle, WA) and how it is taught there. It enumerates seven objections which contemporary American Evangelicals might raise to Thomas' spirituality, but shows how these very objections reveal a great deal about the religious and cultural ethos of those who make them. Since one of the course objectives is precisely to help students evaluate and critique their own culture and spirituality theologically,The Imitationproves to be singularly useful as a textbook. Excerpts from student writing assignments are analyzed to demonstrate the effectiveness of this way of using a classic from theDevotio Modernawith “postmodern” collegians.
Suffering and Compassion: A Jewish-Buddhist-Christian Dialogue
Authors: Trapnell Judson B. 
Published: August 2016

AbstractTheoretical reflection on interreligious questions can be deeply enriched by the praxis of dialogue. The article describes an undergraduate course in which the students and professor engaged self-critically in such dialogue both with texts and one another in the classroom and with local representatives of three religions in a public symposium. In the latter context, students' encounter of the religious “other” was sharpened by having students, rather than the outside experts, present the papers on the course themes—a feature that also stimulated broader interest among the college community. Such a course illustrates the value and the limitations of a dialogical pedagogy in which attention is simultaneously given to learning about both other religions and the students' points of view, in their distinctness and in their interaction.