bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plato and the Reform of Athenian Law
Authors: Piérart Marcel , Harris Edward M. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe chapter explores Plato’s views about Athenian laws, and his proposal for their reform, advanced in The Laws, in the form of new legislation for the city of Magnesia. After introducing the date and structure of the dialogue, as well as its aims and place in the context of Plato’s thought and production, the chapter examines, with a constant comparison with Athens, the constitutional arrangement of the new city, its officials, the judicial system, and the substantive laws on matters of persons and property, citizenship, family law, women, slaves and freedmen, theft, as well as homicide, assault, and wounding. The chapter highlights how Plato’s legislative project constitutes a reasoned criticism of contemporary Athenian law.
Egyptian—Demotic
Authors: Hoffmann Friedhelm 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Demotic is a late phase of the Egyptian language and writing which began in the middle of the seventh century BCE. When after 30 BCE Egypt became part of the Roman Empire, Demotic was still widely used by the Egyptian priestly elite. A large corpus of literary, paraliterary and documentary texts has survived mainly on papyri, sherds, and as graffiti. Only in the middle of the fifth century CE, by which time Christianity was established as the state religion, does Demotic cease to exist. This chapter gives an overview of the Demotic language and writing, as well as its rich textual material and different forms and genres, and also draws the reader’s attention to the international relations (mainly with the ancient Near East and with Greece, but also e.g. with India) which can be observed in Demotic texts.
International Financial Institutions and Market Liberalization in the Developing World
Authors: Nelson Stephen C. 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
This article examines the role played by the two most important international financial institutions (IFIs), the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund (IMF), in the developing countries’ transition towards market liberalization and openness. More specifically, it considers whether IFIs are powerful “globalizers” of the developing world or ineffective organizations whose grand plans are forever thwarted by savvy governments promising sweeping reforms that never materialize. Drawing on the findings from thirty-one recent empirical studies, it concludes that there is no clear evidence that the IFIs’ conditional lending has significant effects on structural reforms in developing countries. Nevertheless, the chapter argues that we should not regard the IFIs as completely useless agents in the effort to remake developing countries’ economies over the past thirty years, suggesting that their indirect effects on liberalizing policy reforms may be more important than the direct effects.
The CSI Effect
Authors: Chin Jason M. , Workewych Larysa 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
The CSI effect posits that exposure to television programs that portray forensic science (e.g., CSI: Crime Scene Investigation) can change the way jurors evaluate forensic evidence. We review (1) the theory behind the CSI effect; (2) the perception of the effect among legal actors; (3) the academic treatment of the effect; and, (4) how courts have dealt with the effect. We demonstrate that while legal actors do see the CSI effect as a serious issue, there is virtually no empirical evidence suggesting it is a real phenomenon. Moreover, many of the remedies employed by courts may do no more than introduce bias into juror decision-making or even trigger the CSI effect when it would not normally occur. We end with suggestions for the proper treatment of the CSI effect in courts and directions for future scholarly work.
Bronze Age Mongolia
Authors: Houle Jean-Luc 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis article discusses the Bronze Age in Mongolia, a period when pastoralism, mobility, and interaction between regional communities increased dramatically. It also corresponds to the heyday of monumental construction and to the development of societal complexity in this region. After briefly discussing the local Bronze Age chronology, the discussion then turns to the topic of the transition to animal husbandry and to the development of mobile, equestrian pastoralism in particular—a phenomenon that seems to have taken place during the Late Bronze Age. Following this, I examine the monumental landscape as well as what is known from “settlements” before discussing the nature of Late Bronze Age social organization and societal complexity. The article ends with a brief exposé on bronze metallurgy before highlighting what are thought to be the critical issues that continue to challenge research on the Bronze Age in the region.
Rethinking the Effects of Financial Globalization *
Authors: Broner Fernando , Ventura Jaume 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDuring the past three decades, many countries have lifted restrictions on cross-border financial transactions. We present a simple model that can account for the observed effects of financial globalization. The model emphasizes the role of imperfect enforcement of domestic debts and the interactions between domestic and foreign debts. Financial globalization can lead to a variety of outcomes: (i) domestic capital flight and ambiguous effects on net capital flows, investment, and growth; (ii) capital inflows and higher investment and growth; or (iii) volatile capital flows and unstable domestic financial markets. The model shows how the effects of financial globalization depend on the level of development, productivity, domestic savings, and the quality of institutions.
Chinese manufacturing industry development strategy from the financial perspective
Authors: Pan Yuxiang , Huang Yimin , Qi Ershi 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– Based on literature review, the purpose of this paper is to design a comprehensive evaluation system for pharmaceutical industry from the financial perspective, and then analyses the development strategy of Chinese pharmaceutical industry according to the data of listed companies.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper analyses the development strategy of Chinese pharmaceutical industry through building the grey dominance evaluation model including absolute degree of grey incidence model and relative degree of grey incidence model.

Findings
– Through the analysis of the grey dominance evaluation model, the authors find that four factors including total assets turnover, quick ratio, inventory turnover and current ratio can be grouped into first grade assessment indicator when evaluating the performance of Chinese pharmaceutical industry. These four indexes contain the concept of operational efficiency which shows that operation capability is the key to support the development of Chinese pharmaceutical industry, needing to be highly valued when organizations making business policy. When it comes to velocity of development, the contribution of R
&
D intensity is relatively small, which shows innovation ability of China’s pharmaceutical industry is still weak. Innovation is the lifeblood of enterprise development, needing to be improved to promote enterprise’s core competitiveness in the future development.

Originality/value
– This paper selects Y1-Y7 as the performance evaluation system of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, while X1-X15 as performance evaluation index system from the financial perspective, which indicated that the evaluation system is scientific and practical. The empirical result shows that the operation capability makes the largest contribution to the performance of China’s pharmaceutical industry, while R
&
D ability and the enterprise core competitive ability are weak.
Grey fuzzy comprehensive evaluation of regional financial innovation ability based on two types weights
Authors: Li Li , Wang Renxiang , Li Xican 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– According to the grey uncertainty and the connotation of different types weights, the purpose of this paper is to establish the pattern of multi-dimensional grey fuzzy decision making with feedback based on weight vector and weight matrix, and applies this pattern to evaluate the regional financial innovation ability.

Design/methodology/approach
– At first, this paper analyzes the connotation of financial innovation ability and establishes the evaluation system of regional financial innovation ability. Second, the formula of computing the multi-objective weighted comprehensive value based on weight vector and weight matrix is put forward. In view of the object function with supervised factor and stability coefficient, this paper gives the formulas to compute weight vector and weight matrix. Moreover, the algorithm of the multi-dimensional grey fuzzy decision making pattern with feedback based on weight vector and weight matrix is expressed. At last, this paper uses the presented pattern to evaluate the financial innovation ability of thirty-one provinces in China.

Findings
– The results are convincing: the development of regional financial innovation is not balanced in China, having obvious spatial clustering feature. The comparisons of evaluation results based on different forms of weights show that the calculating convergence speed of the pattern presented in this paper is fast. The pattern enhances the rationality of the demarcation point between categories, and the convergence within categories, making the evaluation more reasonable.

Practical implications
– The method exposed in the paper can be used at evaluating the regional financial innovation ability and even for other similar evaluation problem.

Originality/value
– The paper succeeds in realising both the pattern of multi-dimensional grey fuzzy decision making with feedback and evaluating the regional financial innovation ability by using the newest developed theories: weighted grey and fuzzy recognition theory based on weight vector and weight matrix.
Drivers for vertical integration in the rail sector – using wagons as “relationship specific assets”
Authors: Monios Jason , Bergqvist Rickard 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to analyse vertical integration in the rail sector using a combination of transaction cost economics (TCE), the resource-based view (RBV) and the relational view, through which rail wagons are viewed as “relationship specific assets”.Design/methodology/approach– The empirical analysis is based on a cross-case comparison of four case studies of intermodal operators in Europe, each exhibiting different levels of collaboration and integration between terminals, operators and sub-contractors.Findings– Viewing rail wagons as relationship specific assets rather than merely transaction specific (TCE) or firm specific (RBV) demonstrates that wagon ownership is not only a good indicator of the level of vertical cooperation but of the existence of trust and learning within a collaborative environment.Practical implications– The organisational setup is not derived purely from transaction or resource characteristics, but by the integration of processes through the purchase of assets that will be used to produce a service, with the expected levels of trust and commitment. In this sense, the role of the wagon as a relationship specific asset is a microcosm of the key elements of a successful intermodal transport system.Originality/value– As one of the key operational aspects of the rail sector is the use of expensive equipment and the relative responsibility for fixed and moveable assets, an analysis of the use of rail wagons as relationship specific assets allows a more dynamic understanding of vertical integration in the rail sector than currently provided by TCE or RBV alone.
Differences in security risk perceptions between logistics companies and cargo owners
Authors: Urciuoli Luca , Hintsa Juha 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– Supply chain stakeholders may perceive security risks differently and thereby misalign mitigation strategies. Hence, causing weak spots in supply chains and thereby disruptions. The purpose of this paper is to determine whether supply chain companies actually perceive security risks and effectiveness of mitigation strategies differently.Design/methodology/approach– Two survey studies measuring perception of security risks and effectiveness of measures have been developed and used to collect data from European and Latin American companies, grouped as cargo owners and logistics companies.Findings– The findings of the surveys unveil that only two (out of six) security risks, namely, violation of customs non-fiscal regulations and illegal immigration, show significant differences between the two groups of companies. In addition, the surveys show that companies perceive equally the effectiveness of security measures. This study concludes that supply chains seem to have good visibility over the security risks of their partners. Hence, in terms of security, supply chain companies seem to have achieved a common understanding of risks and furthermore are able to act jointly to secure assets and operations.Originality/value– Previous research claim supply chain stakeholders may perceive risks differently and thereby may fail to correctly align mitigation strategies. Yet, to the authors knowledge, previous research has not empirically demonstrated these differences in perceptions of risks and mitigation strategies.
Towards cloud-based supply chain processes
Authors: Jede Andreas , Teuteberg Frank 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– There are cloud computing (CC) services available for various applications within the supply chain management (SCM). These services offer, for example, consistent global networking platforms and enable quick decision making, which may strengthen competitive advantages. The specification of the single-related elements and the coordination mechanisms between actors and information flows is complex. In this paper, the authors argue that reference models can accelerate understanding these processes. The purpose of this paper is to gain an understanding of the current state of the underlying research field and to present a reference model that supports theory and practice in adopting CC services at SCM.

Design/methodology/approach
– This paper provides a cross-discipline systematic literature review from the research perspectives of information systems and SCM. Based on 102 papers, the authors designed a reference model showing the interrelations between various elements of CC and SCM.

Findings
– The authors discover the most important chances and risks for CC implementations in supply chain (SC) processes and pay special attention to SC sustainability aspects of CC. Until now, SCM research in the realm of CC usage is still in its infancy both in theory and practice.

Originality/value
– To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there is no systematic literature review that consistently focusses CC usage within SC processes while integrating specific aspects of strategic theory. The obtained insights lead to the first SCM-related reference model for CC usage.
The antecedents and consequences of supply chain service capabilities in the context of container shipping
Authors: Yang Chung-Shan 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to empirically examine the relationships among supply chain integration (SCI), supply chain service capabilities, market performance (MP), and financial performance (FP) in the container shipping context and develops valid and reliable instruments for future research.

Design/methodology/approach
– A structured questionnaire was used to gather data from 133 container shipping operators and agencies in Taiwan, using confirmatory factor analysis, the author identified main dimensions of SCI and supply chain service capabilities in container shipping context. A structural equation model was then used to test the research hypotheses.

Findings
– This study has identified a set of five dimensions that can enable effective SCI: top management support, cross-functional cooperation, information technology, goal congruence, and collaborative communication, and highlighted the critical mediating role of supply chain service capabilities (i.e. service efficiency, service reliability, service flexibility, and value-added service) in improving firms’ market and FP. The authors confirm that SCI has a positive impact on supply chain service capabilities, which in turn helps to enhance market and FP.

Practical implications
– This research can thus serve as a valuable reference for managers to achieve better SCI formation and performance, help managers to develop more effective collaborative relationships, and thus minimize the chance of SCI failure.

Originality/value
– This manuscript provides a theoretical framework to link SCI, supply chain service capabilities, MP, and FP for the container shipping service supply chain context that have not been previously reported through empirical research.
Assessing the impact of business uncertainty on supply chain integration
Authors: Kim Minkyun , Chai Sangmi 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to investigate how business uncertainty affects the implementation of supply chain integration (SCI). More importantly, this research divides business uncertainty into four dimensions and SCI into three dimensions to examine the role of each dimension. In addition, it investigates the moderating effects of manufacturing approaches, such as push and pull, in the relationship between SCI and performance.

Design/methodology/approach
– Through a structured survey, this study collected 259 responses from supply executives, and supply and purchasing managers of US manufacturing firms. The empirical data analysis was done by using the partial least squares technique.

Findings
– The results empirically support the findings that business uncertainty positively affects implementation of SCI. Among the four dimensions of business uncertainty, dynamism and hostility significantly affect implementation of internal integration, integration with suppliers, and integration with customers. In addition, manufacturing approaches, such as push and pull, have a moderating effect on the relationship between SCI and performance.

Practical implications
– This study collected survey responses from a manufacturing firm in the supply chain to assist managers to find a solution while dealing with business uncertainty through the implementation of SCI. It also emphasizes manufacturing approaches, such as push and pull, in implementing SCI to improve performance. Thus, supply and purchasing managers should consider the business uncertainty that they are dealing with while developing their supply chain strategy.

Originality/value
– To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to provide meaningful insights on the effects of SCI toward dealing with business uncertainty. More importantly, by dividing the dimensions of business uncertainty and SCI, this study presents empirical evidence of the significant role of supply chain practices in uncertain business conditions. In addition, this study addresses the gap in extant literature and shows that managers need to consider their manufacturing approach in SCI to improve business performance.
The role and attributes of manufacturing companies in virtual supply chains
Authors: Swierczek Artur , Kisperska-Moron Danuta 
Published: July 2016

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to identify the role and main attributes of manufacturing companies which operate in virtual supply chains.Design/methodology/approach– In order to identify the role and main attributes of manufacturing companies enabling to operate in a virtual supply chain, a three-step statistical analysis was employed, namely exploratory factor analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis and non-hierarchical clustering technique.Findings– The findings show that virtual supply chain operations would not be supported by manufacturing companies offering highly customized products achieved by a unit production, developed in details and engineered to order. On the contrary, the large manufacturing companies of virtual supply chains report a high level of flexibility stemming from a wide scope of more standardized products offered to the market. The conducted study show that better ability of manufacturers supporting virtual supply chains is not industry specific.Research limitations/implications– The list of investigated attributes is not complete, and other characteristics of manufacturers in virtual supply chains should be identified. Another important shortcoming of the study is its quantitative character and generalization of the findings. Each “virtual” environment in supply chains may be unique and some of the compared characteristics may differ significantly. Therefore, the aforementioned attributes should be considered separately with a conscious focus on the environmental context. The quantitative study may be greatly enhanced by applying the case study approach, showing detailed solutions and practices, and thus making the study more valuable from the theoretical and managerial standpoints.Practical implications– The conducted study showed that better ability of manufacturers to support virtual supply chains is not industry specific, since the branch of electronic products and electrical equipment and components was represented by an equal share of manufacturers, both in non-virtual and virtual clusters. Furthermore, in order to operate in virtual supply chains, managers should pay attention to the structure and range of products delivered to the market. The managers should also be aware that apart from considering cost and efficiency, operating in a virtual supply chain environment also requires quality of products and processes in order to manufacture and deliver a superior value for the customers.Originality/value– Having recognized major groups of indicators demonstrating the level of ability of manufacturing companies to operate in a virtual supply chain, the attributes of three clusters of manufacturers possessing different bunch of features, significant for virtual supply chains, have been distinguished.
Monitoring antipsychotic side effects: a competed audit cycle conducted in a secure hospital
Authors: Haw Camilla , Muthu-Veloe Ayesha , Suett Mark , Ibodor Oghodafetite , Picchioni Marco 
Published: July 2016

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to describe a completed audit cycle of the assessment and documentation of antipsychotic side effects reported by patients in a secure hospital setting.

Design/methodology/approach
– The initial audit was carried out in 2012. As a result of the findings clinicians were recommended to use a brief structured side effect monitoring guide (the Glasgow Antipsychotic Side-Effect Scale (GASS-m)). The audit was repeated in 2015.

Findings
– Of the 41 patients notes included in the initial audit, for only one (2.4 per cent) was there evidence of a systematic and structured approach to monitoring antipsychotic side effects. In the repeat audit this figure (and use of the GASS-m) had increased to 21/45 (46.7 per cent). For all patients where the GASS-m had been used (n=21) the overall severity of side effects was in the “mild” range (0-21).

Research limitations/implications
– Sample size was modest and the study was conducted in an independent secure hospital so may not be generalisable to the NHS.

Practical implications
– Use of structured tools/guides to monitor patients’ side effects is recommended so that emergent side effects can be readily recognised, tracked and managed and, relapses made less likely through improved compliance and thus patients’ quality of life improved. This is very important for forensic patients since relapses are likely to increase risk to others.

Originality/value
– Previous audits have addressed physical health monitoring of patients on antipsychotics but not by asking them about side effects.