bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Potentiel de migration des écosystèmes côtiers meubles québécois de l’estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent dans le contexte de la hausse appréhendée du niveau de la mer
Authors: Bernatchez Pascal , Quintin Chantal 
Published: June 2016

Les écosystèmes côtiers s’ajustent à la hausse du niveau de la mer en migrant vers les terres. Or, dans les zones sujettes à une accélération de la montée du niveau de la mer et à un déficit sédimentaire, des contraintes naturelles (p. ex. falaises) ou artificielles (p. ex. routes, structures de protection) présentes sur la côte, peuvent freiner cette dynamique naturelle et entraîner une perte de superficie de l’écosystème, processus nommé coincement côtier (coastal squeezeen anglais). Afin de savoir si les écosystèmes côtiers de l’estuaire et du golfe du Saint-Laurent (EGSL) ont l’espace nécessaire pour se déplacer vers les terres dans un contexte de hausse du niveau de la mer, leur distance de migration potentielle a été évaluée. Les résultats révèlent que 57 % des écosystèmes formés de sédiments meubles ont un potentiel de migration inférieur à 30 m. Les contraintes artificielles sont susceptibles de freiner leur déplacement dans plus de 50 % des cas et plus des 3/4 des contraintes artificielles sont situées à moins de 30 m de leur limite supérieure. L’impact du coincement côtier devient préoccupant tant pour les milieux sableux que pour les marais maritimes qui occupent, respectivement, 74 % et 26 % de la superficie du territoire. L’amorce d’une réflexion sur la conservation d’espaces de migration des écosystèmes côtiers de l’EGSL est essentielle afin d’augmenter leur résilience face aux changements environnementaux.
Spin-dependent transport mechanisms in CoFe/MgO/n+-Si junctions investigated by frequency response of signals
Authors: Inokuchi Tomoaki , Ishikawa Mizue , Sugiyama Hideyuki , Saito Yoshiaki 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We investigated spin-dependent transport properties in CoFe/MgO/n+-Si junctions by measuring Hanle signals and their dependence on the measurement frequency. The CoFe/MgO/n+-Si junctions exhibited two types of Hanle curves with different half-widths. Hanle signals with a broad half-width were observed mainly in the low-bias region, and these signals exhibited apparent frequency dependence and disappeared in the high-frequency region though Hanle signals with narrow half-widths were almost independent of the measurement frequency used in this study. This frequency dependence is explained by the mechanism of two-step tunneling. These results show that investigating the frequency response signals gives clear information on spin-dependent transport mechanisms.
Lloyd’s mirror interference lithography with EUV radiation from a high-harmonic source
Authors: Kim Hyun-su , Baksh Peter , Odstrcil Michal , Miszczak Magdalena , Frey Jeremy G. , Juschkin Larissa , Brocklesby William S. 
Published: June 2016

Abstract
We demonstrate interference lithography using a high-harmonic source. Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation is produced by high-harmonic generation with 800 nm light from a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser (40 fs pulses, 1 kHz, 2 W average power) in argon gas. Interference patterns created using Lloyd’s mirror setup and monochromatized radiation at the 27th harmonic (29 nm) are recorded using a ZEP-520A photoresist, producing features with <200 nm pitch. The effect of the use of femtosecond pulsed EUV radiation on the recorded pattern is investigated. The capability of the high-harmonic source for high-resolution patterning is discussed.
Salt taste after bariatric surgery and weight loss in obese persons
Authors: Ekmekcioglu Cem , Maedge Julia , Lam Linda , Blasche Gerhard , Shakeri-Leidenmühler Soheila , Kundi Michael , Ludvik Bernhard , Langer Felix B. , Prager Gerhard , Schindler Karin , Dürrschmid Klaus 
Published: June 2016

Background.Little is known about the perception of salty taste in obese patients, especially after bariatric surgery. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse possible differences in salt detection thresholds and preferences for foods differing in salt content in obese persons before and after bariatric surgery with weight loss compared to non-obese individuals.Methods.Sodium chloride detection thresholds and liking for cream soups with different salt concentrations were studied with established tests. Moreover, a brief salt food questionnaire was assessed to identify the usage and awareness of salt in food.Results.The results showed similar mean sodium chloride detection thresholds between non-obese and obese participants. After bariatric surgery a non-significant increase in the salt detection threshold was observed in the obese patients (mean ± SD: 0.44 ± 0.24 g NaCl/L before OP vs. 0.64 ± 0.47 g NaCl/L after OP,p= 0.069). Cream soup liking between controls and obese patients were not significantly different. However, significant sex specific differences were detected with the tested women not liking the soups (p< 0.001). Results from the food questionnaire were similar between the groups.Conclusion.No differences between non-obese persons and obese patients were regarding. However, due to highly significant differences in soup liking, sex should be taken into consideration when conducting similar sensory studies.
The eddy kinetic energy budget in the Red Sea
Authors: Zhan Peng , Subramanian Aneesh C. , Yao Fengchao , Kartadikaria Aditya R. , Guo Daquan , Hoteit Ibrahim 
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe budget of eddy kinetic energy (EKE) in the Red Sea, including the sources, redistributions, and sink, is examined using a high'resolution eddy‐resolving ocean circulation model. A pronounced seasonally varying EKE is identified, with its maximum intensity occurring in winter, and the strongest EKE is captured mainly in the central and northern basins within the upper 200 m. Eddies acquire kinetic energy from conversion of eddy available potential energy (EPE), from transfer of mean kinetic energy (MKE), and from direct generation due to time‐varying (turbulent) wind stress, the first of which contributes predominantly to the majority of the EKE. The EPE‐to‐EKE conversion occurs almost in the entire basin, while the MKE‐to‐EKE transfer appears mainly along the shelf boundary of the basin (200 m isobath) where high horizontal shear interacts with topography. The EKE generated by the turbulent wind stress is relatively small and limited to the southern basin. All these processes are intensified during winter, when the rate of energy conversion is about 4–5 times larger than that in summer. The EKE is redistributed by the vertical and horizontal divergence of energy flux and the advection of the mean flow. As a main sink of EKE, dissipation processes is ubiquitously found in the basin. The seasonal variability of these energy conversion terms can explain the significant seasonality of eddy activities in the Red Sea.
A comparative study of dipolarization fronts at MMS and Cluster
Authors: Schmid D. , Nakamura R. , Volwerk M. , Plaschke F. , Narita Y. , Baumjohann W. , Magnes W. , Fischer D. , Eichelberger H. U. , Torbert R. B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Leinweber H. K. , Le G. , Bromund K. R. , Anderson B. J. , Slavin J. A. , Kepko E. L. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractWe present a statistical study of dipolarization fronts (DFs), using magnetic field data from MMS and Cluster, at radial distances below 12 RE and 20 RE, respectively. Assuming that the DFs have a semicircular cross section and are propelled by the magnetic tension force, we used multispacecraft observations to determine the DF velocities. About three quarters of the DFs propagate earthward and about one quarter tailward. Generally, MMS is in a more dipolar magnetic field region and observes larger‐amplitude DFs than Cluster. The major findings obtained in this study are as follows: (1) At MMS ∼57 % of the DFs move faster than 150 km/s, while at Cluster only ∼35 %, indicating a variable flux transport rate inside the flow‐braking region. (2) Larger DF velocities correspond to higher Bz values directly ahead of the DFs. We interpret this as a snow plow‐like phenomenon, resulting from a higher magnetic flux pileup ahead of DFs with higher velocities.
Optimized p53 immunohistochemistry is an accurate predictor of TP53 mutation in ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Köbel Martin , Piskorz Anna M , Lee Sandra , Lui Shuhong , LePage Cecile , Marass Francesco , Rosenfeld Nitzan , Mes Masson Anne‐Marie , Brenton James D 
Published: June 2016

AbstractTP53 mutations are ubiquitous in high‐grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOC), and the presence of TP53 mutation discriminates between high and low‐grade serous carcinomas and is now an important biomarker for clinical trials targeting mutant p53. p53 immunohistochemistry (IHC) is widely used as a surrogate for TP53 mutation but its accuracy has not been established. The objective of this study was to test whether improved methods for p53 IHC could reliably predict TP53 mutations independently identified by next generation sequencing (NGS). Four clinical p53 IHC assays and tagged‐amplicon NGS for TP53 were performed on 171 HGSOC and 80 endometrioid carcinomas (EC). p53 expression was scored as overexpression (OE), complete absence (CA), cytoplasmic (CY) or wild type (WT). p53 IHC was evaluated as a binary classifier where any abnormal staining predicted deleterious TP53 mutation and as a ternary classifier where OE, CA or WT staining predicted gain‐of‐function (GOF or nonsynonymous), loss‐of‐function (LOF including stopgain, indel, splicing) or no detectable TP53 mutations (NDM), respectively. Deleterious TP53 mutations were detected in 169/171 (99%) HGSOC and 7/80 (8.8%) EC. The overall accuracy for the best performing IHC assay for binary and ternary prediction was 0.94 and 0.91 respectively, which improved to 0.97 (sensitivity 0.96, specificity 1.00) and 0.95 after secondary analysis of discordant cases. The sensitivity for predicting LOF mutations was lower at 0.76 because p53 IHC detected mutant p53 protein in 13 HGSOC with LOF mutations. CY staining associated with LOF was seen in 4 (2.3%) of HGSOC. Optimized p53 IHC can approach 100% specificity for the presence of TP53 mutation and its high negative predictive value is clinically useful as it can exclude the possibility of a low‐grade serous tumour. 4.1% of HGSOC cases have detectable WT staining while harboring a TP53 LOF mutation, which limits sensitivity for binary prediction of mutation to 96%.
Retention of eyeblink conditioning in periweanling and adult rats
Authors: Brown Kevin L. , Freeman John H. 
Published: June 2016

AbstractEyeblink conditioning is a well‐established model for studying the developmental neurobiology of associative learning and memory, though nothing is known regarding developmental differences in retention between periweanling and adult rats. The present study examined retention of eyeblink conditioning in periweanling (postnatal day 24 at the start of training) and adult rats 1, 7, or 28 days after acquisition. Retention was assessed by (1) a conditional stimulus (CS)‐alone test session followed by (2) CS‐unconditional stimulus (US) reacquisition tests. Conditional response (CR) levels at acquisition were comparable in most respects between ages, and robust CR levels were present at the start of retention tests for both ages in the 1 day group, with CR percentages at block 1 of reacquisition higher in periweanlings relative to adults. At the 7 day retention test there was a trend toward significance for higher CR percentages at the CS‐alone test in adults relative to periweanlings, though there were no age differences at reacquisition testing. When testing occurred 28 days after acquisition, however, periweanlings showed fewer CRs relative to adults during reacquisition despite low CR levels in both ages throughout the CS‐alone test. Furthermore, periweanlings in the 28 day group required more trials at reacquisition than all other groups to exceed CR levels from their first acquisition session. These findings are consistent with rapid forgetting in the young commonly referred to as “infantile amnesia.” The well‐characterized eyeblink preparation may be useful for future studies investigating neural mechanisms responsible for rapid forgetting in developing animals.
Measurement of thermophysical properties of fire‐resistive and reactive materials. Urgent problems and solutions
Authors: Litovsky Efim , Issoupov Vitali , Kleiman Jacob I. 
Published: June 2016

SummaryThe ASTM Standard Test Method E2584 ‘Standard Practice for Thermal Conductivity of Materials Using a Thermal Capacitance (Slug) Calorimeter’ was developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology to measure thermal conductivity of fire‐resistive and reactive materials during monotonic heating and cooling. The heating regime adopted in ASTM E2584 is very reasonable because change of materials' composition and structure during a fire can depend on kinetic factors and thermal story of the materials. The main problem in experimental measurements of thermophysical properties is the impossibility of using standard steady‐state methods during time‐dependent processes in materials accompanied by latent heat effect. Using standard transient methods, such as hot wire or laser flash methods, is also incorrect, because the transient measurement heat process can be started only after steady‐state temperature field is established in the sample, that is, at the time when the involved physical or chemical processes could be finished. The objectives of this paper are to review and to analyze scientific problems to be taken into account in the revised version of ASTM E2584 Standard. Examples of experimental results are presented for measurement of thermophysical properties during chemical and physical processes in solid materials, powders, metals, and ceramic materials; building materials during fire; and so on. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Specificity of Stress‐Responsive Transcription Factors Nrf2, ATF4, and AP‐1
Authors: Rössler Oliver G. , Thiel Gerald 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTCellular stress leads to an upregulation of gene transcription. We asked if there is a specificity in the activation of the stress‐responsive transcription factors Nrf2, ATF4, and AP‐1/c‐Jun, or if activation of these proteins is a redundant cellular answer toward extracellular stressors. Here, we show that oxidative stress, induced by stimulation of the cells with the oxidant arsenite, strongly activated gene transcription via the stress‐responsive element (StRE), while phorbol ester or tunicamycin, activators of AP‐1/c‐Jun or ATF4, respectively, activated AP‐1 or nutrient‐sensing response element‐mediated transcription. Preincubation of the cells with N‐acetyl‐cysteine or overexpression of thioredoxin selectively attenuated arsenite‐induced upregulation of StRE‐regulated transcription. Expression of either dominant‐negative or constitutively active mutants of Nrf2, ATF4, or c‐Jun confirmed that distinct transcription units are regulated by these transcription factors. Physiological stimuli involving the activation of either Gαq‐coupled designer receptors or the protein kinases c‐Jun N‐terminal protein kinase or p38 strongly stimulated transcription via AP‐1/c‐Jun, with minimal effects on Nrf2 or ATF4‐responsive promoters. Thus, activation of transcription by extracellular signaling molecules shows specificity at the level of the chemical nature of the signaling molecule, at the level of the intracellular transduction process, and at the level of signal‐responsive transcription factors. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 127–140, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Global Analysis of the Impact of Deleting Trigger Factor on the Transcriptome Profile of Escherichia coli
Authors: Fan Dongjie , Liu Lushan , Zhu Lingxiang , Peng Fang , Zhou Qiming , Liu Chuanpeng 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTTrigger factor (TF) is a key component of prokaryotic chaperone network, which is involved various basic cellular processes such as nascent peptide folding, protein trafficking, ribosome assembly. To better understanding the physiological roles of TF, global transcriptome profiles of a variety of TF deletion mutant strains of Escherichia coli were determined. We found that deletion of the tig gene, encoding TF, led to a dramatic alteration of transcriptome profile, not only affecting the gene expression of members of the chaperone network, but also changing the levels of quite a few RNAs related to metabolism and other cellular processes. Further studies showed that this alteration was only partially recovered by knockin of TF domain‐deletion mutants into the endogenous tig locus, indicating that structural integrity is crucial for the biological function of TF. Finally, by combining the transcriptome and phenotype results, a physiological mechanism underlying the impact of TF deletion on the transcriptome profile was proposed. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 141–153, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pre‐ and Postnatal Effects of Corticosterone on Fitness‐Related Traits and the Timing of Endogenous Corticosterone Production in a Songbird
Authors: Strange Meghan S. , Bowden Rachel M. , Thompson Charles F. , Sakaluk Scott K. 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTMaternally derived corticosterone in the egg and corticosterone produced endogenously by altricial nestling birds play essential roles during development. Although persistently high corticosterone levels can be harmful, moderately elevated levels above baseline can lead to reallocation of resources between growth and maintenance to ensure immediate survival or to enhance the development of fitness‐related traits. We tested two hypotheses concerning the fitness consequences of elevated corticosterone during prenatal and postnatal development in altricial house wrens: (1) elevated corticosterone shifts resources away from growth and immune function and (2) elevated corticosterone serves as a signal to allocate resources to fitness‐related traits. We also explored the development of the stress response, hypothesizing that early‐stage nestlings have little endogenously produced corticosterone, but that their baseline and stress‐induced corticosterone levels increase with age. Nestlings hatching from corticosterone‐injected eggs were lighter at hatching, but through compensatory growth, ended up heavier than controls near the time of fledging, an important, fitness‐related trait. Nestlings that hatched from corticosterone‐injected eggs and those given oral doses of corticosterone did not differ from controls in three other fitness‐related traits: immunoresponsiveness, size, or haematocrit. Early‐ and late‐stage nestlings had similar baseline corticosterone levels, and all nestlings increased their plasma corticosterone levels in response to a capture‐and‐restraint protocol, with older nestlings mounting a stronger stress‐induced response than younger nestlings. These results suggest that prenatal exposure to corticosterone is important in shaping offspring phenotype and are consistent with the hypothesis that maternally derived corticosterone in the egg can have long‐term, fitness‐related effects on offspring phenotype.
Genomic and transcriptomic profiles and in vitro resistance to mitoxantrone and idarubicin in pediatric acute leukemias
Authors: Laskowska Joanna , Lewandowska‐Bieniek Joanna , Szczepanek Joanna , Styczyński Jan , Tretyn Andrzej 
Published: June 2016

AbstractBackgroundA major problem in the treatment of leukemia is the development of drug resistance to chemotherapeutic agents.MethodsTo determine the ex vivo drug resistance profile to anthracyclines, an 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐tetrazoliumbromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay was performed on mononuclear cells obtained from 155 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) or acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Gene expression profiles (for 51 patients with ALL and 16 with AML) were prepared on the basis of cRNA hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays of the human genome (Affymetrix). Hierarchical clustering, assignment location and biological function were investigated during the correlation analysis for identified probe sets. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) array profiles (34 patients with ALL and 12 with AML) were prepared on the basis of DNA hybridization to oligonucleotide arrays of the human genome (Agilent). The validation of the array results was performed by a quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.ResultsThe collected expression and CGH microarray experiment results indicate that the ITGB2, SCL6A7, CASP1 and DUSP genes may comprise a resistance marker for acute leukemia cells correlated with anthracyclines. Moreover, there were also identified chromosome rearrangements associated with drug resistance, such as del5q32–35.3 and amp8p12‐p11.21. Precise genes, as well as genome aberrations, might be classified as targets in therapy.ConclusionsIn AML, the resistance of blasts to idarubicin and mitoxantrone may reflect an impaired integrin pathway. In ALL, the development of resistance is caused by the inhibition of B and T cell activation. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Arabian Peninsula wet season dust storm distribution: regionalization and trends analysis (1983–2013)
Authors: Alobaidi Meshari , Almazroui Mansour , Mashat Abdulwahab , Jones Philip Douglas 
Published: June 2016

ABSTRACTA dust storm climatic regionalization of the Arabian Peninsula (AP) that aims to categorize the region into several cohesive sub‐regions is conducted. This approach was carried out by grouping together similar wet season climatological features of dust storm activity (DSA). A common period of 30 years (1983–2013) for 38 meteorological weather stations across the AP was utilized. The mathematical, statistical and subjective methods that are employed in the process of regionalization resulted in dividing the region into three sub‐regions. Each of the sub‐regions north, northwestern and central, northeast and south, west and coastal shows distinct features of its own. Subsequently, the temporal trend of the representative station (key station) for each sub‐region is examined. It is found that only the northeastern part of the region has a significant positive trend over the last 30 years. However, this positive increase in DSA is not associated with an increase in wind speed. This study assists future research in exploring the relationship between large‐scale forcing and the AP sub‐regional DSA. As well, this could enhance regional DSA forecast and future projections.