bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advances for achieving a pathological complete response for rectal cancer after neoadjuvant therapy
Authors: Cui Jian , Fang Hui , Zhang Lin , Wu Yun‐Long , Zhang Hai‐Zeng 
Published: July 2016

AbstractNeoadjuvant therapy has become the standard of care for locally advanced mid‐low rectal cancer. Pathological complete response (pCR) can be achieved in 12%–38% of patients. Patients with pCR have the most favorable long‐term outcomes. Intensifying neoadjuvant therapy and extending the interval between termination of neoadjuvant treatment and surgery may increase the pCR rate. Growing evidence has raised the issue of whether local excision or observation rather than radical surgery is an alternative for patients who achieve a clinical complete response after neoadjuvant therapy. Herein, we highlight many of the advances and resultant controversies that are likely to dominate the research agenda for pCR of rectal cancer in the modern era.
Absent MicroRNAs in Different Tissues of Patients with Acquired Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Siegismund Christine S. , Rohde Maria , Kühl Uwe , Escher Felicitas , Schultheiss Heinz Peter , Lassner Dirk 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can be found in a wide range of tissues and body fluids, and their specific signatures can be used to determine diseases or predict clinical courses. The miRNA profiles in biological samples (tissue, serum, peripheral blood mononuclear cells or other body fluids) differ significantly even in the same patient and therefore have their own specificity for the presented condition. Complex profiles of deregulated miRNAs are of high interest, whereas the importance of non-expressed miRNAs was ignored. Since miRNAs regulate gene expression rather negatively, absent miRNAs could indicate genes with unaltered expression that therefore are normally expressed in specific compartments or under specific disease situations. For the first time, non-detectable miRNAs in different tissues and body fluids from patients with different diseases (cardiomyopathies, Alzheimer’s disease, bladder cancer, and ocular cancer) were analyzed and compared in this study. miRNA expression data were generated by microarray or TaqMan PCR-based platforms. Lists of absent miRNAs of primarily cardiac patients (myocardium, blood cells, and serum) were clustered and analyzed for potentially involved pathways using two prediction platforms, i.e., miRNA enrichment analysis and annotation tool (miEAA) and DIANA miRPath. Extensive search in biomedical publication databases for the relevance of non-expressed miRNAs in predicted pathways revealed no evidence for their involvement in heart-related pathways as indicated by software tools, confirming proposed approach.
Developmental neuropathology of brainstem respiratory centers in unexplained stillbirth: What's the meaning?
Authors: Lavezzi Anna M. , Ferrero Stefano , Matturri Luigi , Roncati Luca , Pusiol Teresa 
Published: July 2016

AbstractStillbirth is one of the most stressful life events affecting over 3 million pregnancies per year throughout the world. An accurate autopsy of the stillborn fetus, including the placenta and umbilical cord examination, should be performed promptly after delivery. A thorough maternal history also should be taken, including exposures to risk factors. In many cases a death cause, attributable to fetal, maternal, or placental pathology, is clearly identified. However, in 50% or more of cases the cause remains unknown.The purpose of this study is to highlight possible developmental alterations of the autonomic nervous system in unexplained stillbirths to provide an explanation of the pathogenetic mechanism of their death.We conducted a careful neuropathological study of the brainstem, where the main vital centers are located, in 85 unexplained stillbirths and 52 age‐matched controls died of known cause. Information on the maternal lifestyle, including the smoking habit, was collected in all cases. Hypodevelopment of neuronal centers involved in breathing control, all connected together in a “respiratory network”, precisely hypoplasia of the facial/parafacial complex, Kölliker‐Fuse nucleus, pre‐Bötzinger nucleus and intermediolateral nucleus, were frequently observed in unexplained deaths, significantly related to maternal cigarette smoking.We support the hypothesis of a strong action of maternal smoking during pregnancy on the development of brainstem respiratory nuclei and suggest an explanation of the high incidence of the respiratory network alterations in unexplained fetal death, when breathing not represents a vital function.
The correlation of serum asymmetric dimethylarginine and anti‐Müllerian hormone in primary dysmenorrhea
Authors: Akdemir Nermin , Cinemre Fatma Behice , Bostancı Mehmet Sühha , Cinemre Hakan , Ünal Orhan , Ozden Selçuk , Cevrioglu Arif Serhan , Kacal Zubeyde , Akdemir Ramazan 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this study, we aimed to investigate the association of serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and anti‐Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in primary dysmenorrhea patients. The study employed a cross‐sectional design. Eighty‐nine female university students with primary dysmenorrhea were included in the study. All patients underwent complete clinical and laboratory investigations, including serum ADMA, AMH levels, pelvic ultrasonography, electrocardiography, and echocardiography. Pearson correlation and linear regression analysis were used to evaluate associations between continuous data. Categorical associations were evaluated using χ2 test. Correlation analysis between serum ADMA and AMH levels in the study group showed a highly significant positive relationship (Pearson correlation = 0.978, p = 0.01). Our study has shown a significant positive correlation between serum ADMA and AMH levels in primary dysmenorrhea. Serum ADMA levels may have the potential to demonstrate ovarian reserve.
The Influence of Corticosteroids on Diagnostic Accuracy of Biopsy for Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma
Authors: Binnahil Mashary , Au Karolyn , Lu Jian-Qiang , Wheatley Blaise Matthew , Sankar Tejas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractClassical neurosurgical teaching suggests that corticosteroid administration reduces the diagnostic yield of stereotactic brain biopsy for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). In a single-center series spanning 6 years, we reviewed 155 consecutive biopsy patients, 135 treated with prebiopsy corticosteroids. PCNSL was correctly diagnosed on initial biopsy in 15 of 16 steroid-treated patients; in the single nondiagnostic specimen, polymerase chain reaction reanalysis by an outside institution showed evidence of lymphoproliferative disease consistent with PCNSL. Our data challenge the notion that it is necessary to withhold corticosteroid therapy for cerebral edema in patients awaiting stereotactic biopsy for suspected PCNSL.
A MILD REMEDY FOR A MILD DISEASE: THE TEXT OF REPUBLIC 459B
Authors: Brennan Tad 
Published: July 2016

Here's a fine argument for you!
1)Anyone who plans to prescribe medicines will need to be a skilled doctor;2)These people plan to prescribe medicines;3)Therefore, these people will need to be skilled rulers.If you expected the last word of the conclusion to be ‘doctors’ instead of ‘rulers’, then you will find the rest of this note plain sailing.
Moralizing Postcolonial Consumer Society: Fair Trade in the Netherlands, 1964–1997
Authors: van Dam Peter 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDecolonization challenged people across the globe to define their place in a new postcolonial order. This challenge was felt in international political and economic affairs, but it also affected daily lives across the globe. The history of fair trade activism as seen from the Netherlands highlights how citizens in the North grappled to position themselves in a postcolonial consumer society. Interventions by fair trade activists connected debates about the morals of their society to the consequences of decolonization. They reacted to the imbalances of the global market in the wake of decolonization, joining critics from the South in demanding more equitable global relations. It was around this issue of “fair trade” that a transnational coalition of moderate and more radical activists emerged after the 1960s. This coalition held widely dissimilar views regarding the politics of the left and the use of consumer activism. The analysis of their interventions demonstrates that during the postwar era attempts at transforming the global market were inextricably interwoven with visions of a postcolonial order.
On the Style-Based Feedback Trading of Mutual Fund Managers
Authors: Frijns Bart , Gilbert Aaron , Zwinkels Remco C. J. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThis paper examines the style-based feedback trading behavior of U.S. mutual fund managers. We provide an empirical version of Barberis and Shleifer’s style-switching model. We find style-based feedback trading for 77% of the funds, half of which is positive (negative) feedback trading. There is evidence for “twin style” switching, where capital is channeled between value and growth, and between large- and small-cap. Growth (value) funds apply more positive (negative) feedback trading. Funds that switch more aggressively are younger and have higher expense ratios. Finally, we find that positive (negative) feedback trading yields positive (negative) alpha.
Participation, process and policy: the informational value of politicised judicial review
Authors: Gailmard Sean , Patty John W. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe develop a model of “notice and comment” rulemaking, focussing on strategic issues facing agencies and interest groups in light of judicial review in this process. Specifically, we analyse the incentives for agencies and groups to produce and reveal information during rulemaking. We show that judicial review can produce informed policymaking, but that participatory rulemaking can bias agency policymaking in favour of groups with access to the rule-making process. In addition, the model allows an analysis of doctrines of judicial review of agency policymaking. The model reveals that “politicised” judicial review can be beneficial because of its effects on agency incentives for information acquisition in policymaking. Accordingly, socially optimal judicial review may be “legally irrational” and, contrary to standard doctrines of judicial review in the United States, judicial deference to rules with thin records can be optimal.
Estimating true incidence of O157 and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliillness in Germany based on notification data of haemolytic uraemic syndrome
Authors: KUEHNE A. , BOUWKNEGT M. , HAVELAAR A. , GILSDORF A. , HOYER P. , STARK K. , WERBER D. ,   and the HUS active surveillance network Germany
Published: July 2016

SUMMARYShiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC) is an important cause of gastroenteritis (GE) and haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS). Incidence of STEC illness is largely underestimated in notification data, particularly of serogroups other than O157 (‘non-O157’). Using HUS national notification data (2008–2012, excluding 2011), we modelled true annual incidence of STEC illness in Germany separately for O157 and non-O157 STEC, taking into account the groups’ different probabilities of causing bloody diarrhoea and HUS, and the resulting difference in their under-ascertainment. Uncertainty of input parameters was evaluated by stochastic Monte Carlo simulations. Median annual incidence (per 100 000 population) of STEC-associated HUS and STEC-GE was estimated at 0·11 [95% credible interval (CrI) 0·08-0·20], and 35 (95% CrI 12-145), respectively. German notification data underestimated STEC-associated HUS and STEC-GE incidences by factors of 1·8 and 32·3, respectively. Non-O157 STEC accounted for 81% of all STEC-GE, 51% of all bloody STEC-GE and 32% of all STEC-associated HUS cases. Non-O157 serogroups dominate incidence of STEC-GE and contribute significantly to STEC-associated HUS in Germany. This might apply to many other countries considering European surveillance data on HUS. Non-O157 STEC should be considered in parallel with STEC O157 when searching aetiology in patients with GE or HUS, and accounted for in modern surveillance systems.
Meaning-making in online language learner interactions via desktop videoconferencing
Authors: Satar H. Müge 
Published: July 2016

AbstractOnline language learning and teaching in multimodal contexts has been identified as one of the key research areas in computer-aided learning (CALL) (Lamy, 2013; White, 2014).1This paper aims to explore meaning-making in online language learner interactions via desktop videoconferencing (DVC) and in doing so illustrate multimodal transcription and analysis as well as the application of theoretical frameworks from other fields. Recordings of learner DVC interactions and interviews are qualitatively analysed within a case study methodology. The analysis focuses on how semiotic resources available in DVC are used for meaning-making, drawing on semiotics, interactional sociolinguistics, nonverbal communication, multimodal interaction analysis and conversation analysis. The findings demonstrate the use of contextualization cues, five codes of the body, paralinguistic elements for emotional expression, gestures and overlapping speech in meaning-making. The paper concludes with recommendations for teachers and researchers using and investigating language learning and teaching in multimodal contexts.
Recurrent languaging activities in World of Warcraft: Skilled linguistic action meets the Common European Framework of Reference
Authors: Newgarden Kristi , Zheng Dongping 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn this study of affordances for second language (L2) learning in World of Warcraft (WoW) group play, we compared three gameplay episodes spanning a semester-long course. Applying multimodal analysis framed by ecological, dialogical and distributed (EDD) views (Zheng and Newgarden, forthcoming), we explored four English as a second language learners’ verbalizations and avatar actions. Players learned to take skilled linguistic action as they coordinated recurrent WoW gameplay activities (questing, planning next moves, traveling, learning a skill, etc.). Frequent activities matched Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) speaking proficiency descriptors, used widely in L2 teaching and learning (L2TL), providing evidence that players engaged in the types of communicative activities interaction-oriented classroom approaches develop. However, in the WoW context, interactions were not planned, but emerged as players dynamically directed the course of play. Furthermore, modalities of avatar-embodiment and conversing over Skype allowed players to flexibly integrate language and actions to co-act toward game goals, discuss non-game topics during play, or demonstrate comprehension with avatar actions alone, an affordance for less verbal players. This research builds on previous work (Zheng, Newgarden & Young, 2012) relating WoW’s multiplayer activities and L2 learners’ skilled linguistic actions. We refer to Chemero’s (2009) model of the animal-environment system to explain how L2 learners develop abilities to take skilled linguistic action by acting on affordances in WoW. The EDD framework presented may enable other researchers to account for more of the complexities involved in L2 learning in multimodal, multiplayer virtual environments.
Clinical and radiographical evaluation of propolis and thymus vulgaris extracts compared with formocresol pulpotomy in human primary molars
Authors: Alolofi Hesham , El-Sayed Manal , Taha Sherine 
Published: July 2016

Abstract
Objectives/aims:
This study aimed to examine the success of vital pulpotomy using natural extracts on primary teeth.

Materials and methods:
The study was carried out on 60 primary molars in 20 children indicated for pulpotomy. Primary molars were treated with formocresol (20 teeth), propolis ethanolic extract (20 teeth) or thymus vulgaris ethanolic extract (20 teeth). Treated teeth were clinically and radiographically evaluated after 1, 6 and 12 months.

Results:
The clinical success of formocresol and propolis groups was 88.2%, whereas the thymus group showed 94.4% with no statistical significance difference. The radiographical success for formocresol and propolis was 73.3%, and thymus was 88.2% without any statistical significance difference detected.

Conclusion:
Promising clinical and radiographical success rates of propolis and thymus vulgaris obtained when compared with formocresol.
Synthetic biology and microbioreactor platforms for programmable production of biologics at the point-of-care
Authors: Perez-Pinera Pablo , Han Ningren , Cleto Sara , Cao Jicong , Purcell Oliver , Shah Kartik A. , Lee Kevin , Ram Rajeev , Lu Timothy K. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractCurrent biopharmaceutical manufacturing systems are not compatible with portable or distributed production of biologics, as they typically require the development of single biologic-producing cell lines followed by their cultivation at very large scales. Therefore, it remains challenging to treat patients in short time frames, especially in remote locations with limited infrastructure. To overcome these barriers, we developed a platform using genetically engineered Pichia pastoris strains designed to secrete multiple proteins on programmable cues in an integrated, benchtop, millilitre-scale microfluidic device. We use this platform for rapid and switchable production of two biologics from a single yeast strain as specified by the operator. Our results demonstrate selectable and near-single-dose production of these biologics in <24 h with limited infrastructure requirements. We envision that combining this system with analytical, purification and polishing technologies could lead to a small-scale, portable and fully integrated personal biomanufacturing platform that could advance disease treatment at point-of-care.
Spin slush in an extended spin ice model
Authors: Rau Jeffrey G. , Gingras Michel J. P. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractWe present a new classical spin liquid on the pyrochlore lattice by extending spin ice with further neighbour interactions. We find that this disorder-free spin model exhibits a form of dynamical heterogeneity with extremely slow relaxation for some spins, while others fluctuate quickly down to zero temperature. We thus call this state spin slush, in analogy to the heterogeneous mixture of solid and liquid water. This behaviour is driven by the structure of the ground-state manifold which extends the celebrated two-in/two-out ice states to include branching structures built from three-in/one-out, three-out/one-in and all-in/all-out tetrahedra defects. Distinctive liquid-like patterns in the magnetic correlations serve as a signature of this intermediate range order. Possible applications to materials as well the effects of quantum tunnelling are discussed.
Fault-tolerant error correction with the gauge color code
Authors: Brown Benjamin J. , Nickerson Naomi H. , Browne Dan E. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe constituent parts of a quantum computer are inherently vulnerable to errors. To this end, we have developed quantum error-correcting codes to protect quantum information from noise. However, discovering codes that are capable of a universal set of computational operations with the minimal cost in quantum resources remains an important and ongoing challenge. One proposal of significant recent interest is the gauge color code. Notably, this code may offer a reduced resource cost over other well-studied fault-tolerant architectures by using a new method, known as gauge fixing, for performing the non-Clifford operations that are essential for universal quantum computation. Here we examine the gauge color code when it is subject to noise. Specifically, we make use of single-shot error correction to develop a simple decoding algorithm for the gauge color code, and we numerically analyse its performance. Remarkably, we find threshold error rates comparable to those of other leading proposals. Our results thus provide the first steps of a comparative study between the gauge color code and other promising computational architectures.
Toll-like receptor 2 activation depends on lipopeptide shedding by bacterial surfactants
Authors: Hanzelmann Dennis , Joo Hwang-Soo , Franz-Wachtel Mirita , Hertlein Tobias , Stevanovic Stefan , Macek Boris , Wolz Christiane , Götz Friedrich , Otto Michael , Kretschmer Dorothee , Peschel Andreas 
Published: July 2016

AbstractSepsis caused by Gram-positive bacterial pathogens is a major fatal disease but its molecular basis remains elusive. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) has been implicated in the orchestration of inflammation and sepsis but its role appears to vary for different pathogen species and clones. Accordingly, Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates differ substantially in their capacity to activate TLR2. Here we show that strong TLR2 stimulation depends on high-level production of phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptides in response to the global virulence activator Agr. PSMs are required for mobilizing lipoproteins, the TLR2 agonists, from the staphylococcal cytoplasmic membrane. Notably, the course of sepsis caused by PSM-deficient S. aureus is similar in wild-type and TLR2-deficient mice, but TLR2 is required for protection of mice against PSM-producing S. aureus. Thus, a crucial role of TLR2 depends on agonist release by bacterial surfactants. Modulation of this process may lead to new therapeutic strategies against Gram-positive infections.
Vortex knots in tangled quantum eigenfunctions
Authors: Taylor Alexander J. , Dennis Mark R. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTangles of string typically become knotted, from macroscopic twine down to long-chain macromolecules such as DNA. Here, we demonstrate that knotting also occurs in quantum wavefunctions, where the tangled filaments are vortices (nodal lines/phase singularities). The probability that a vortex loop is knotted is found to increase with its length, and a wide gamut of knots from standard tabulations occur. The results follow from computer simulations of random superpositions of degenerate eigenstates of three simple quantum systems: a cube with periodic boundaries, the isotropic three-dimensional harmonic oscillator and the 3-sphere. In the latter two cases, vortex knots occur frequently, even in random eigenfunctions at relatively low energy, and are constrained by the spatial symmetries of the modes. The results suggest that knotted vortex structures are generic in complex three-dimensional wave systems, establishing a topological commonality between wave chaos, polymers and turbulent Bose–Einstein condensates.
Revisiting sulfur H-bonds in proteins: The example of peroxiredoxin AhpE
Authors: van Bergen Laura A. H. , Alonso Mercedes , Palló Anna , Nilsson Lennart , De Proft Frank , Messens Joris 
Published: July 2016

AbstractIn many established methods, identification of hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) is primarily based on pairwise comparison of distances between atoms. These methods often give rise to systematic errors when sulfur is involved. A more accurate method is the non-covalent interaction index, which determines the strength of the H-bonds based on the associated electron density and its gradient. We applied the NCI index on the active site of a single-cysteine peroxiredoxin. We found a different sulfur hydrogen-bonding network to that typically found by established methods and we propose a more accurate equation for determining sulfur H-bonds based on geometrical criteria. This new algorithm will be implemented in the next release of the widely-used CHARMM program (version 41b) and will be particularly useful for analyzing water molecule-mediated H-bonds involving different atom types. Furthermore, based on the identification of the weakest sulfur-water H-bond, the location of hydrogen peroxide for the nucleophilic attack by the cysteine sulfur can be predicted. In general, current methods to determine H-bonds will need to be reevaluated, thereby leading to better understanding of the catalytic mechanisms in which sulfur chemistry is involved.