bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prospective Analysis of Isolated Gastrocnemius Recession for Achilles Tendinopathy; Intermediate Follow-up
Authors: Weisenthal Benjamin M. , Nawoczenski Deborah A. , DiGiovanni Benedict F. , Tome Josh , DiLiberto Frank E. 
Published: October 2016

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: Gastrocnemius recession (GR) has emerged as a potential alternative to traditional surgical treatments in patients with recalcitrant Achilles tendinopathy (AT). Recent retrospective studies have shown positive results. However, there is limited long-term prospective data regarding the results of this surgery. We are reporting two-year results of a prospective analysis of isolated GR for Achilles tendinopathy on pain, self reported function, and satisfaction. Methods: 8 patients (mean age 52± 10.2 years) with chronic unilateral AT (> 6 months duration) and an isolated gastrocnemius contracture participated. All subjects received a GR (Strayer) procedure. Data were collected pre- and post-operatively at 6 months and 2 years. Pain and function were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure(FAAM). Clinical measure of calf endurance was assessed by single limb heel raises and compared to the uninvolved limb. Calf circumference was evaluated and patients were queried regarding satisfaction with the GR procedure and need for further treatment. Descriptive analysis was used to assess changes across the repeated timelines. Results: All subjects returned at 6 month follow-up and 7/8 patients participated in the final follow-up (mean 23 +/- 5.5 months). Pain was reduced by 50% at 6 months and 90% at 2 years; with 6 of 7 subjects reporting no pain. Pre-op FAAM ADL subscale was 75%, improving to 90% and 97% at 6 months and 2 years, respectively. Pre-op FAAM Sports subscale was 40%, improving to 69% and 87% at 6 months and 2 years, respectively. There were no side-to-side differences in the number of heel raises performed across time frames; involved mean 26 +/- 7, uninvolved 28 +/-6. Five (of seven) subjects reported complete satisfaction with the procedure and two were satisfied with minor reservations. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first study to prospectively evaluate an isolated GR for Achilles tendinopathy and present 6 month and 2-year follow-up data. Pain relief was markedly decreased and maintained at 2 years. FAAM ADL activities were restored to normative values. However, scores for the FAAM sports subscale remained slightly below normative values and may reflect patient reported difficulties with higher-level activities such as jumping and lateral movements. High satisfaction can be expected for the majority of patients, however patients engaged in higher demand activities may have a prolonged recovery period and persistent limitations.
Revision Arthrodesis in the Foot and Ankle
Authors: O’Connor Kathryn , Klein Sandra E. , Johnson Jeffrey E. , McCormick Jeremy J. 
Published: October 2016

Category: Ankle Arthritis Introduction/Purpose: Arthrodesis is a common surgical procedure used to manage arthritis and deformity in the foot and ankle. Nonunion or failure of the bone to fuse, is a known possible outcome in any arthrodesis surgery and often presents as persistent pain and swelling after an arthrodesis procedure. Published rates of nonunion in the foot and ankle literature range from 0 to 47 % depending on the patient population and joint involved. Multiple factors can contribute to developing a nonunion including; arthrodesis location, fixation method, tobacco use, diabetes, infection and others. Methods: The case logs of three fellowship trained foot and ankle surgeons were reviewed from January 2007 to September 2014. ICD-9 code 733.82 (nonunion fracture), 998.89 (miscellaneous complication), and a word search for nonunion in case logs were used to identify subjects. The clinical charts were reviewed for patient factors incuding: diabetes, inflammatory arthropathy, tobacco use, history of infection, prior nonunion elsewhere in the body, neuropathy, Charcot arthropathy, post-traumatic arthritis, and prior attempt at revision arthrodesis at the same clinical site. Surgical records were reviewed to identify location of the nonunion, type of instrumention, use of structural allograft, use of cancellous autograft (CA), use of iliac crest bone marrow aspirate (ICBMA) and use of orthobiologics such as bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) during the revision arthrodesis. Successful revision was defined as radiographic union in the final x-ray taken during follow-up by the attending orthopaedic surgeon and radiologist. Results: Eighty-two cases of revision arthrodesis were identified. The overall nonunion rate during revision arthrodesis was 23%. The average length of follow up was 16 months. Univariate analysis was performed on the patient and surgical factors to determine influence on nonunion rates. Of these factors, statistical analysis identified only neuropathy and prior attempts at revision as significant risks (P< .05) for persistent nonunion. Odds ratio calculated based on previous attempts at revision arthrodesis found a 2.8 fold increase in the risk of failure for each previous attempt at revision. Charcot arthropathy approached significance at p=.051, but was limited by its small sample size (n=2). Smoking, location, use of orthobiologics and other clinical factors did not prove significant. Please see table for further details. Conclusion: Revision arthrodesis for nonunion in the foot and ankle can be highly successful (77%) under a variety of patient and surgical conditions. Neuropathy is a significant patient risk factor for persistent nonunions and is important to identify even in the non-diabetic patient. As the number of attempts at revisions increases there is a subsequent 3-fold increase in the risk of persistent nonunion.
Serial CT Evaluation for the Reduction of the Distal Tibiofibular Joint after Open Reduction and Positional Pinning in Ankle Injuries
Authors: Ahn Jiyong , Kim Ju Yeong 
Published: October 2016

Category: Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Postoperative malreduction of syndesmotic disruptions in the rotational ankle fractures can make the poor functional outcome. There were many efforts to evaluate the quality of syndesmotic reduction with computed tomography (CT). However, there were few studies to show the acceptable range of syndesmotic reduction with CT. The aim of this study to investigate the reduction of the distal tibiofibular joint after open reduction and positional pinning with anterolateral approach in rotational ankle injuries and show acceptable range of syndesmotic reduction. Methods: This study included axial CT images of 104 patients (104 ankles) with rotational ankle fractures which were obtained in both ankles including uninjured ankle between 2012 February and 2014 June. At 10 mm proximal to the tibial plafond, anterior, middle, posterior shortest distances (aTFD, mTFD, pTFD) between fibula and tibia were measured and compared with those of uninjured ankles preoperatively, immediate postoperatively and at the followup after removal of syndesmotic fixation. The shortest distance from the anterior border of the fibula to the connecting line between most prominent point of anterior tibia and most prominent point of lateral fibula (ATF) were measured and compared in both ankles preoperatively, immediate postoperatively and at the followup after removal of syndesmotic fixation. The clinical outcomes were evaluated with AOFAS hindfoot score and visual analogue scale for pain. Results: Mean preoperative aTFD, mTFD, pTFD were 3.4±0.5 mm, 6.2±2.4 mm, 10.3±2.9 mm respectively. Mean immediate aTFD, mTFD, pTFD were 1.4±0.3 mm, 2.9±0.5 mm, 5.1±2.0 mm respectively. Mean postoperative aTFD, mTFD, pTFD at the followup after pin removal were 2.4±0.5 mm, 3.6±1.0 mm, 6.3±2.9 mm respectively. Mean ATF were 0.5±0.1 postoperatively. Both aTFD and mTFD significantly improved immediate postoperatively and at the followup after removal of syndesmotic fixation. However mean pTFD was widened compared to uninjured ankle. All postoperative clinical outcomes were improved significantly. Conclusion: Open reduction and positional pinning with anterolateral approach in rotational ankle injuries could show the good clinical outcomes and posterior tibiofibular diastasis could be allowed in terms of syndesmotic reduction if there is no anterior translation of fibula with improved anterior and middle tibiofibular distance at the axial CT images.
Subject-Specific Orientations of the Talocrural Joint Axes Estimated from the Morphology of the Talar Trochlea
Authors: Nozaki Shuhei , Watanabe Kota , Katayose Masaki 
Published: October 2016

Category: Ankle Introduction/Purpose: The individual morphology variations in the talar trochlea influence subject-specific kinematics of the talocrural joint. In particular, it is suggested that the medial to lateral radius ratios of the anterior and posterior talar trochlea determine the orientations of the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion axes of the talocrural joint, respectively. However, the characteristics of the orientations of these axes of the talocrural joint have not been elucidated. The aims of this study were to assess the variations in the medial to lateral radius ratios of the anterior and posterior talar trochlea and to estimate the subject- specific orientations of the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion rotational axes of the talocrural joint. Methods: Computed tomography (CT) images of forty-nine unilateral adult human male tali were enrolled in this study. The three-dimensional bone models of the talus were reconstructed from the CT images. Four circles were fitted to medial and lateral edges of each anterior and posterior trochlea, respectively. Then, the radii of curvatures of these circles were measured. The medial to lateral radius ratios of the anterior and posterior trochlea were also calculated, respectively. In addition, the line connecting the centers of the medial and lateral circles fitted to anterior trochlea was defined as a dorsiflexion axis of the talocrural joint, and that of posterior trochlea was also defined as a plantarflexion counterpart. The coronal and transverse angles of these axes were calculated. Results: At the anterior trochlea, the medial to lateral radius ratio was ranged from 0.43 to 0.92. This result of the calculated values meant that the all of the lateral curvature of radius was larger than medial counterpart. On the other hand, at the posterior trochlea, the medial to lateral radius ratio was ranged from 0.58 to 1.63. The coronal and transverse angles of dorsiflexion axis were on average 19.6 ± 7.3° (range, -3.9° to 38.9°) and 10.3 ± 4.6° (range, -0.9° to 23.2°), respectively. The coronal and transverse angles of plantarflexion axis were on average -1.5 ± 12.8° (range, -31.8° to 31.0°) and 7.5 ± 4.5° (range, -3.4° to 17.4°). Conclusion: This study found different features between orientations of the dorsiflexion and plantarflexion axes of the talocrural joint. Concretely, in all the talus specimens, the dorsiflexion axis of the talocrural joint is inclined downwards and laterally on the coronal plane, and inclined backwards and laterally on the transverse plane. On the other hand, there were two types of the plantarflexion axis, one was a type whose axis inclined as the same direction as dorsiflexion axis, and the other was a type whose axis inclined downwards and medially on the coronal plane and inclined backwards and laterally on the transverse plane.
Excellent T-cell reconstitution and survival depend on low ATG exposure after pediatric cord blood transplantation
Authors: Admiraal Rick , Lindemans Caroline A. , van Kesteren Charlotte , Bierings Marc B. , Versluijs A. Birgitta , Nierkens Stefan , Boelens Jaap Jan 
Published: October 2016

Key Points
Immune reconstitution after CBT is excellent provided ATG exposure is low or absent. Individualized dosing, or omission of ATG in selected patients, may increase the chance of survival after CBT.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: The effect of n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids on acute reflux esophagitis in rats
Authors: Zhuang Ze-Hao , Xie Jing-Jing , Wei Jing-Jing , Tang Du-Peng , Yang Li-Yong 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
Background
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) play various roles in inflammation. However, the effect of PUFAs in the development of reflux esophagitis (RE) is unclear. This study is to investigate the potential effect of n-3/n-6 PUFAs on acute RE in rats along with the underlying protective mechanisms.

Methods
Forty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 in each group). RE model was established by pyloric clip and section ligation. Fish oil- and soybean oil-based fatty emulsion (n-3 and n-6 groups), or normal saline (control and sham operation groups) was injected intraperitoneally 2 h prior to surgery and 24 h postoperatively (2 mL/kg, respectively). The expressions of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) in esophageal tissues were evaluated by Western blot and immunohistochemistry after 72 h. The malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) expression in the esophageal tissues were determined to assess the oxidative stress.

Results
The mildest macroscopic/microscopic esophagitis was found in the n-3 group (P < 0.05). The expression of IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and MyD88 were increased in all RE groups, while the lowest and highest expression were found in n-3 and n-6 group, respectively (P < 0.05). The MDA levels were increased in all groups (P < 0.05), in an ascending trend from n-3, n-6 groups to control group. The lowest and highest SOD levels were found in the control and n-3 group, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
n-3 PUFAs may reduce acute RE in rats, which may be due to inhibition of the MyD88-NF-kB pathway and limit oxidative damage.
How to Integrate Elotuzumab and Daratumumab Into Therapy for Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Hofmeister Craig C. , Lonial Sagar 
Published: October 2016

Purpose Treatment options and outcomes for patients with multiple myeloma have dramatically improved over the past decade with new agents and drug targets for patients at all stages of disease. Incorporation of newly approved monoclonal antibodies is a clinical challenge because the trials used to gain approval are relatively limited in scope and may be less helpful for patients treated in the United States. This article will review data on the use of elotuzumab and daratumumab and provide a foundation for their use in current clinical practice. Methods We performed a review of current published articles and abstract data from clinical trials as well as data on managing adverse events. Results Single-agent activity was seen when using daratumumab in refractory myeloma, and trials for both elotuzumab and daratumumab have demonstrated significant activity when combined with proteasome inhibitors and immunomodulatory agents. Unique antibody-related adverse events and challenges are reviewed and discussed. Conclusion These antibodies already have had and will continue to have a dramatic impact on myeloma treatment. Combination therapy likely represents the best approach for their use, and trials that evaluate optimal timing and duration of therapy are in progress as part of induction, salvage, and maintenance therapy.
ECONOMIC AND TARGET DETERMINATION IN THE ORGANIZATION OF REPRODUCING SYSTEMS
Authors: Таранов Алексей , Taranov Aleksey , Политикова Наталья , Politikova Natalya 
Published: October 2016

The article presents the theoretical and methodological approaches to the forming modern concept of nature-use based on adaptive management of the natural environment. In this case natural environment is considered as a complex self-organizing system with a high degree of uncertainty reaction (response) to an external managing influence. Based on the interpretation of the Godel&#180;s applied theorem, we can conclude that it is necessary to develop a multivariate optimal environmental management mechanism with the dominance of adaptive management mechanisms and minimizing the extreme and, a fortiori, robust control techniques.
The territorial development concept, based on the primacy of environmental acceptability of projects, is dominant in the modern civilized world. It is based on the need to include the assimilative capacity of the natural environment in the processes of economic activity as a mandatory resource with relevant financial and economic parameters. The approach presented in the article allows to ensure optimization of economic activity on the basis of taking into account the rent component in the value of produced effect of socio-economic activities.
Technocratic paradigm of economic activities objectively creates the conditions for increasing environment load. Under the climatic conditions of most of the regions, specified load is critical, creating a threat of loss by the natural environment of its assimilative capacity, which leads to environmentally dangerous and sometimes disastrous consequences: the depopulation of the biotic environment, mutagenic effects, and growth the risk of endemic pathologies. Methodology outlined in the article allows to use it as content in the simulation models development and physical modeling of economic processes related to the intensive nature-use.
The article may be useful in the development of territory organization projects, regional planning and the target complex programs of regional development.
The semi-Lagrangian method on curvilinear grids
Authors: Hamiaz Adnane , Mehrenberger Michel , Sellama Hocine , Sonnendrücker Eric 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
We study the semi-Lagrangian method on curvilinear grids. The classical backward semi-Lagrangian method [1] preserves constant states but is not mass conservative. Natural reconstruction of the field permits nevertheless to have at least first order in time conservation of mass, even if the spatial error is large. Interpolation is performed with classical cubic splines and also cubic Hermite interpolation with arbitrary reconstruction order of the derivatives. High odd order reconstruction of the derivatives is shown to be a good ersatz of cubic splines which do not behave very well as time step tends to zero. A conservative semi-Lagrangian scheme along the lines of [2] is then described; here conservation of mass is automatically satisfied and constant states are shown to be preserved up to first order in time.
Dying of ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) in the ‘Jesionowe Góry’ Nature Reserve
Authors: Orzechowski Michał , Kacprzak Jakub , Kędziora Wojciech 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse changes in the health status of ash stands belonging to the age classes VI and VIII growing in optimal site conditions and to compare the ash dieback with other age classes in the Jesionowe Góry Nature Reserve. Our research was conducted during the growing season in 2006 and 2007 on 22 permanent and 54 temporary sample plots. The health condition of the stands and the structure of natural regeneration were determined with a one-year interval. The amount of damage was defined using leaf loss, pest infestation and shoot dieback. Based on our estimation of natural regeneration, the capability for stand evolution in the future was determined.
Global repertoires and urban fluidity: youth languages in Africa
Authors: Nassenstein Nico , Hollington Andrea 
Published: October 2016

AbstractThe linguistic practices and creativity of youths reflect an amazing way of dealing with the dynamics of urban and global African city life. Communities of practice (CoP) emerge, in which global trends, local concepts and cutting-edge styles, identities of resistance and contested spaces all play a role and impact on the linguistic practices of youths. The implementation of linguistic manipulative patterns that are often acquired from other youth languages, as well as strategies such as translanguaging, borrowing, language crossing and bricolage, brought about through local, global and pan-African contact and trends, including music cultures such as Hip Hop and Reggae, have molded youth identities and urban practices. The focus of this article is on youth languages found in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) and Kinshasa/Goma (DR Congo), where the multilayered range of social and linguistic impacts of globalization has led to new linguistic practices and identities. Both speakers’ fluid patterns of contact and manipulation across digital (Facebook, WhatsApp, YouTube, Twitter) and real spaces, and their manipulative strategies in the formation of new “repertoires”, are analyzed in the article. Youth languages, especially in the African context, have usually been described as modern, urban and fluid. We argue that these characteristics also hold for other linguistic practices and non-urban contexts, and that youth languages differ in terms of the speed and manner in which these processes and modifications occur or are deliberately employed.
Oxidative stress, histopathological and electron microscopic alterations induced by dimethylnitrosamine in renal male mice and the protective effect of α-lipoic acid
Authors: Hamza Reham Z. , Ismail Hayat A.A. , El-Shenawy Nahla S. 
Published: October 2016

Abstract

Background:
Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) is a waste product of several industrial processes. α-Lipoic acid (ALA) is a vitamin-like chemical also called as an antioxidant. Therefore, the study was designed to investigate the potential benefits of ALA in reducing the nephropathy of DMN in male mice.

Methods:
Animals were divided into 6 groups (n=8) and received their treatment for 4 weeks as follows: groups 1–4 served as control, ALA-treatment (16.12 mg/kg), DMN low dose treatment and DMN high dose treatment, respectively. Groups 5 and 6 received ALA before DMN low dose and DMN high dose, respectively. Superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and xanthine oxidase, total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation as well as the levels of uric acid and creatinine were determined. The histological and ultrastructure changes of renal tissue were also evaluated.

Results:
Treatment of the DMN mice with ALA showed a reduction in the levels of kidney nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation, as well as creatinine and uric acid levels as compared with the DMN group. The results show that ALA plays an important role in quenching the free radicals resulting from the metabolism of DMN, thereby inhibiting lipid peroxidation and protecting membrane lipids from oxidative damage and, in turn, preventing oxidative stress and apoptosis. Histopathological and ultrastructure analysis of renal tissue confirmed the oxidative stress results occurred in DMN renal mice. Concomitant administration of ALA with DMN significantly decreased all the histopathological changes induced by DMN.

Conclusions:
The present study elucidated the therapeutic effects of ALA administered in combination with DMN to minimize its renal toxicity.
Crystal structure of 2-(bromomethyl)-4-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-tosylpyrrolidine, C18H19BrClNO2S2
Authors: Zhang Jingfang , Liu Yulong , Borjihan Gereltu , He Wei 
Published: October 2016

Abstract
C18H19BrClNO2S2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 21.324(6) Å, b = 5.8597(16) Å, c = 14.966(4) Å, β = 95.558(5)°, V = 1861.2(9) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0454, wR
ref
(F
2) = 0.1258, T = 296(2) K.