bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research and practice for ultra-high risk for psychosis: A national survey of early intervention in psychosis services in England
Authors: Stain H. , Mawn L. , Common S. , Pilton M. , Andrew T. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectivesEvidence from meta-analyses of randomised clinical trials shows interventions for young people at ultra-high risk (UHR) of developing psychosis are effective both clinically and economically. While research evidence has begun to be integrated into clinical guidelines, there is a lack of research on the implementation of these guidelines. This paper examines service provision for UHR individuals in accordance with current clinical guidelines within the National Health Service (NHS) in England.MethodA self-report online survey was completed by clinical leaders of Early Intervention in Psychosis (EIP) teams (n = 50) within the NHS across the UK.ResultsOf the 50 EIP teams responding (from 30 NHS Trusts), 53% reported inclusion of the UHR group in their service mandate, with age range predominantly 14–5 years (81%) and service provided for at least 12 months (53%). Provision of services according to NICE clinical guidelines showed 50% of services offered cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis, and 42% offered family intervention. Contrary to guidelines, 50% of services offered antipsychotic medication. Around half of services provided training in assessment by CAARMS, psycho-education, CBT for psychosis, family work and treatment for anxiety and depression.ConclusionsDespite clear evidence for the benefit of early intervention in this population, current provision for UHR within EIP services in England does not match clinical guidelines. While some argue this is due to a lack of allocated funding, it is important to note the similar variable adherence to clinical guidelines in the treatment of people with established schizophrenia.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Auditory verbal hallucinations in first episode psychosis – an fMRI symptom capture study
Authors: Dunne T. , Mallikarjun P. , Broome M. , Farmah B. , Heinze K. , Reniers R. , Wood S. , Oyebode F. , Upthegrove R. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionNeurobiological models of auditory verbal hallucination (AVH) have been advanced by symptom capture functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), where participants self-report hallucinations during scanning. To date, regions implicated are those involved with language, memory and emotion. However, previous studies focus on chronic schizophrenia, thus are limited by factors, such as medication use and illness duration. Studies also lack detailed phenomenological descriptions of AVHs. This study investigated the neural correlates of AVHs in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP) using symptom capture fMRI with a rich description of AVHs. We hypothesised that intrusive AVHs would be associated with dysfunctional salience network activity.MethodsSixteen FEP patients with frequent AVH completed four psychometrically validated tools to provide an objective measure of the nature of their AVHs. They then underwent fMRI symptom capture, utilising general linear models analysis to compare activity during AVH to the resting brain.ResultsSymptom capture of AVH was achieved in nine patients who reported intrusive, malevolent and uncontrollable AVHs. Significant activity in the right insula and superior temporal gyrus (cluster size 141 mm3), and the left parahippocampal and lingual gyri (cluster size 121 mm3), P < 0.05 FDR corrected, were recorded during the experience of AVHs.ConclusionsThese results suggest salience network dysfunction (in the right insula) together with memory and language processing area activation in intrusive, malevolent AVHs in FEP. This finding concurs with others from chronic schizophrenia, suggesting these processes are intrinsic to psychosis itself and not related to length of illness or prolonged exposure to antipsychotic medication.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Diagnostic Stability in First Psychotic Episode after 5 years follow-up
Authors: Mota-Oliveira M. , Peixoto M.J. , Ferraz I. , Pereira E. , Guedes R. , Norton A. , Silveira C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionThe diagnosis of psychosis is based on the presence or absence of characteristic symptoms. The presence of such symptoms varies during the course and treatment, raising the question of diagnostic stability after a first psychotic episode.Aims and objectivesThe aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic stability after a first psychotic episode in the long term (five years after the first inpatient admission).MethodologyA retrospective study that included patients with first psychotic episode between 2007 and 2011 admitted to the inpatient unit of the psychiatry and mental health clinic of São João hospital center, Oporto, Portugal and re-evaluation of the diagnosis after five years.ResultsWe included 60 patients with a first psychosis episode, 22 of which were drop-outs after five years. Of the 38 patients evaluated, it was possible to see that after 5 years 68.4% (n = 26) maintained the same diagnosis during follow-up. In particular, the diagnosis of schizophrenia was kept in 83.3% of patients after 5 years (n = 15, 18 patients with the diagnosis of schizophrenia after first admission). Diagnosis of acute and transient psychotic disorder and psychosis not otherwise specified were the least stable diagnosis after 5 years.ConclusionsThe diagnosis after a first psychotic episode has important therapeutic and prognostic implications. The presence of characteristic symptomatology, with periods of partial or total remission between subsequent episodes emphasizes the need for regular monitoring, since this group of patients appears to be more vulnerable to changes in diagnosis over time.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Role of Co-occurring Alcohol and Substances Abuse on QTc Interval Prolongation Among Psychiatric Patients: A Cross-sectional National Survey
Authors: Corbo M. , Acciavatti T. , Fiori F. , Santacroce R. , Aguglia A. , Bartoli F. , Calò S. , Ribolsi M. , Barone Y. , Pinna F. , Stilo M. , Staffa P. , Caroleo M. , Ruberto S. , Signorelli M.S. , Suraniti F. , Quattrone D. , Reggianini C. , Carra E. , Gazzoletti E. , Campese O. , Castellazzi M. , Ostuzzi G. , Bighelli I. , Nosè M. , Barbui C. , Martinotti G. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionQTc interval prolongation is considered a risk factor for fatal polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, which can result in sudden cardiac death. Most psychotropic drugs have a dose-dependent potential to prolong the QTc interval. However, other factors require appropriate consideration, including: age; gender; other medications; electrolyte abnormalities; severe comorbid conditions, such as co-occurring alcohol or substances abuse/dependence.ObjectivesThe objective was to study the potential mediating roles of alcohol/substances abuse on QTc prolongation.AimsThe Italian research group STAR Network, in collaboration with the Young Italian Psychiatrists Association, aimed to evaluate the frequency of QTc interval prolongation in a sample of patients under treatment with psychotropic drugs through a cross-sectional national survey.MethodsA sample of 2411 unselected patients were enrolled after performing an ECG during the recruitment period. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics were collected from medical records. Collected data underwent statistical analysis.ResultsA total of 11.2% of patients reported alcohol abuse, and only 8.9% psychotropic substances. According to the threshold, less than 20% of patients had a borderline value of QTc, and 1% a pathological value. Patients with co-occurring alcohol misuse and drug abuse were more likely to have longer QTc interval.ConclusionsThe present study describes the frequency of QTc prolongation in real-world clinical practice. Before prescribing a psychotropic drug, the physician should carefully assess its risks and benefits to avoid this type of adverse reaction, particularly when additional risk factors are present. The potential role of alcohol and substances on QTc length could be particularly useful in emergency settings.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Resilience and Psychological Correlates in a Group of Patients Affected by Dual Diagnosis
Authors: Delicato C. , Gattoni E. , Di Marco S. , Vecchi C. , Venesia A. , Zeppegno P. , Gramaglia C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionAlthough several authors found a strong association between childhood trauma and substance abuse disorder, many other suggest that specific personological aspects and resilience may contribute to the development of this disease.ObjectivesTo compare the characteristics of psychiatric patients with and without dual diagnosis assessing differences in psychological correlates, such as resilience, coping strategies, self-esteem, temperament, character traits and childhood trauma.MethodsFrom November 2015 to May 2016, we recruited all patients aged between 18 to 65 years referred to the Psychiatry Ward of “Maggiore della Carità” Hospital in Novara, Italy. Diagnosis of psychiatric disorder was made according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. Exclusion criteria were: inability to express a valid inform consent, a personality disorder or mental retardation diagnosis. We administered to each patient: Resilience Scale for Adult (RSA), Brief Cope, Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). Patients were subdivided for the analysis into two groups: dual diagnosis and no dual diagnosis (or single diagnosis) group.ResultsData show that dual-diagnosis patients (n = 40) had lower global levels of resilience (RSA) and cooperativeness (TCI). Higher novelty seeking and reward dependence traits (TCI) were found as well. Moreover, the lower Cope-Avoidance (Brief Cope) was statistically different among patients with dual diagnosis compared to single diagnosis ones.ConclusionsIdentified differences between these two groups could suggest targets to manage during the treatments in order to optimise dual diagnosis patients’ outcomes.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Substance-induced Psychotic Disorders in an Emergency Department
Authors: Fernandez-Quintana A. , Novo-Ponte A. , Quiroga-Fernandez C. , Garcia-Mahia M.D.C. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSubstance abuse has been correlated with psychotic disorders albeit more accurate details on causality remain to be assessed. Furthermore, the prevalence and prognosis of substance-induced psychotic disorders have not been clearly established.MethodRetrospective study performed in 124 patients assessed in an Emergency Department (ED) due to psychotic symptoms over a 6-month period. Medical records were reviewed to obtain clinical and socio-demographic variables.Objectives(1) To analyse substance abuse patterns among ED psychotic patients; (2) to estimate the prevalence of substance-induced psychotic disorders in ED; (3) to underpin the socio-demographic and clinical variables associated.ResultsPersonal history of substance abuse: THC 31.5%, alcohol 29%, cocaine 18.5%, benzodiazepines 18.5%, opiates 6.5%, MDMA 4%, amphetamines 3.2%, hallucinogens 2.4%. Accumulated time interval of substance abuse prior to psychotic onset: 0–5 years 15% (3.9% developed psychosis during the first year of cannabis use), 5–10 years 9.2%, more than 10 years 20.8%. Urine testing for drug misuse undertaken in 80.6% of cases: positives 53%, negatives 47%. Among positive urine test results: THC 16.5%, benzodiazepines 16.5%, cocaine 6.1%, opiates 5.1%, alcohol 0.9%, amphetamines 0.8%, hallucinogens 0.8%. Substance-induced psychotic disorder (F19.15) was diagnosed among 20.4% of patients. This diagnosis was 1.5 times more prevalent among males. Forty-eight percent of patients were single, 36% married, 12% divorced, 4% widowers. Habitat: 68% urban, 34% rural. Highest prevalence group 36 – 50 year olds.ConclusionsBoth substance abuse and substance-induced psychotic disorders are highly prevalent in our sample. Their socio-demographic and clinical profile is similar to that found in schizophrenia. Further refinements of these findings are warranted.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Childhood Traumatic Experiences and Coping Strategies: Correlations With Quality of Life
Authors: Serafini G. , Conigliaro C. , Pittaluga F. , Pompili M. , Girardi P. , Amore M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionIndividuals with a history of childhood traumatic experiences may exert maladaptive coping strategies and impaired adult quality of life.ObjectivesThe present study explored the association between childhood traumatic experiences, coping strategies, and quality of life.AimsWe aimed to evaluate whether childhood traumatic experiences or specific coping strategies may significantly predict quality of life.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study including 276 patients (19.9% men, 81.1% women; mean age: 48.1 years, SD: 16.9), of which most with major affective disorders, who were recruited at the psychiatric unit of the university of Genoa (Italy). All participants were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ), Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (Cope), and Short Form 12 Health Survey version 2 (SF-12).ResultsSubjects with a history of emotional abuse were more likely to have an earlier age of onset of their psychiatric conditions, an earlier age of their first treatment/hospitalization, higher recurrent episodes and days of hospitalization, longer illness duration and non-psychiatric treatments at intake when compared with those who did not present any history of abuse. Based on regression analyses, only positive reinterpretation and growth, focus on and venting of emotions, and substance abuse, but not childhood traumatic experiences, resulted positive predictors of physical quality of life. Moreover, focus on and venting of emotions was able to predict mental quality of life.ConclusionsWhile traumatic experiences did not predict quality of life, specific coping strategies were significant predictors of quality of life. Further studies are requested to test these preliminary results.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
An Embodied Approach to Understand Behavioural Characteristics in Subjects with Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Kékes Szabó M. 
Published: June 2017

There are three main areas of impairment in autism: social interaction, communication and repetitive-stereotyped behaviors. While over a long time orthodox cognitive psychology tried to explain the background of these symptoms, nowadays embodiment theories also seem to be useful tools to grasp the real nature of the disease and get a coherent picture about it. The significance of body states, the perceiver's experiences, dynamic interaction between the organism and its environment, and the emergent nature of the connected processes have increased. This study focused on the autistic children's cognitive development and aimed to explore several aspects of it. Accordingly, the sensory-perceptual processes and the participating children's object use were investigated. The main research methods were questionnaires that were filled in by the parents, participant observation via object play and eye-movement analysis during static and dynamic stimuli. The results confirmed different behavioral patterns by children with autism. Thus, for example, hyper-/hyposensitivity, a reduced rate of creative/pretend activities and a lower level of the preference of social effects could be explored in the autistic group more often than it was found in the case of individuals with typical development. In this way, more aspects of the disease could be clearly interpreted using an embodied approach to the behavioural characteristics, although further studies are required to explore these phenomena in a wider range.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
The Effects of High Exposure to Smartphone from Ages 3 to 5 Years on Children's Behaviors
Authors: Kim S.J. , Cho S.M. , Lim K.Y. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionSmartphones are becoming widely popular and the number of users is significantly increasing, reaching over 65% in South Korea in 2013 and the children begin to use a smartphone at earlier age. Earlier and higher exposure of multimedia is known to have negative effects on children's physical and mental status.ObjectivesThe aim of the present study was to examine young children's exposure to smartphone and identify the effects of high exposure of smartphone on children's behaviors among Korean children from ages 3–5 years.MethodsIn 2014–2015, the parents of 400 children aged 3–5 years (207 boys and 193 girls) were surveyed using a questionnaire on the use of smartphone, children's behaviors, temperaments, social and language development at 3 community-based children's mental health centers.ResultsMany children used televisions (95.5%), computers (37.3%) or tablet PC (36.2%), and smartphones (84.6%). Most (74.2%) started using mobile medias before age 2. Parents gave children devices like smartphones to keep them calm (60.8%), when being busy doing something (52.2%), and at playtime (34.3%). The children's age at first smartphone use and the frequency were not associated with children's behaviors and temperaments. Higher use group (> 2 h/d) show more somatic symptoms (OR 8.97, P < .001), more attention problem(OR 4.43, P < .001), more aggressive symptoms (OR 1.30, P < .001) and more withdrawal symptoms(OR 1.22, P < .001) than lower use group.ConclusionsYoung children in Korean urban communities had almost universal exposure to mobile devices, especially smartphone. Early and severe exposure of smartphone by young children aged 3–5 years is highly associated with children's behaviour problems like both internalising and externalising problems.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Evaluation of Stress and Support to Parents of Children with Developmental Disabilities–Our Experience
Authors: Kostić J. , Milosavljević L. , Stanković M. 
Published: June 2017

IntroductionStress is an integral part of parenting. The stress of parenting is especially increased at parents of children with developmental disabilities, which can have negative effects on the health of the parents, the relationship with the child and total parental behavior. The objective of this work is to assess the level of stress of parenting among parents of children with developmental disabilities. Parents were involved in workshops support within a regional project. The workshops were conducted twice a month, in the duration of two hours, during the one-year period. The workshops were led by experts in various fields, and work with parents was psycho-educational and supportive. The assessment was made using the questionnaire Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, within the two time frames, at the beginning of the project and after 12 months. The results showed that nearly two-thirds of parents of children with disabilities were under clinically significant stress at the beginning of the service. By retesting after twelve months, it was found that parental stress decreased, and the decrease is particularly evident in the parental competence experience. Although stress is reduced to some extent by the way the parent is experiencing emotional exchange with the child, its level still remains high.ConclusionOur experience shows that supportive workshops, which we participated in significantly, but insufficiently contributed to the stress reduction among parents. This paper discusses other possible interventions, which would specifically be aimed at developing strategies for reductions of clinically high level of parental stress.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Korean Public Knowledge and Perceptions about Treatment of Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Shon I. , Nam B. 
Published: June 2017

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to examine (1) public knowledge and perceptions about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and (2) factors influencing the public's decisions to adhere to ADHD pharmacotherapy.MethodsIn this study, 396 participants responded to the Internet survey regarding their experiences, beliefs and treatment preferences about ADHD.ResultsTwo hundred and fifty-two respondents (63.6%) were reluctant to pharmacological treatment of ADHD. The respondents chose the functional impairment of the brain as the main cause of ADHD were favorable to pharmacological treatment and scored significantly high on the ADHD Knowledge Questionnaire. On the other hand, the respondents who regarded ADHD as an overly active personality rather than a disease were skeptical to pharmacotherapy and scored significantly low. The respondents who were acquainted with someone who had been diagnosed with ADHD perceived themselves relatively well informed about ADHD. However, the subjective perception of the degree of knowledge of ADHD was not correlated with the objective score of the ADHD Knowledge Questionnaire.ConclusionThe Korean public is not well informed about ADHD and its treatments. Culturally appropriate psychoeducational strategies based on the media and the Internet are needed. Providing biomedical conceptualization of ADHD to the public may aid with treatment decisions and promote adherence to pharmacological treatment.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Improvement of Mental Health Competences and Skills on a Brazilian Federal University
Authors: Soria D. , Cabrial J.D. , Marinho B.C. , Romeiro N. , Mendes A. , Mello R. , Vernaglia T.V.C. 
Published: June 2017

BackgroundThe extension project “UNIRIO is madness: the improvement of mental health competences and skills.” work since 2015 with “Ponto de Cultura Loucura Suburbana” on the promotion of mental health and culture style in Brazil. The project work on the development of psychosocial rehabilitation for psychiatric patients, their families and the community.AimsParticipate on the production and execution on the artistic/therapeutic workshop that demystify the social stigmatizing vision about psychiatric patients.MethodsThe activities developed are: administrative actions; institutional strengthening for social inclusion initiative through work; and the Carnival Block organization.ResultsThis study work on constituting a social inclusion initiative through workshop that generate employment, e.g.: sale material production, financial management, material replacement. Although we do all the preparative to the Carnival Block–“Loucura Suburbana”.ConclusionThe relationship with the psychiatric patients shows that social inclusion through carnival workshop practice is the primary means for the identity of people suffering from mental disorders and contribute to reduce community social stigma.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.