bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lumbar computed tomography scans are not appropriate surrogates for bone mineral density scans in primary adult spinal deformity
Authors: Kohan Eitan M. , Nemani Venu M. , Hershman Stuart , Kang Daniel G. , Kelly Michael P. 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEThe authors examined the correlation between lumbar spine CT Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements and bone mineral density measurements in an adult spinal deformity (ASD) population.METHODSPatients with ASD were identified in the records of a single institution. Lumbar CT scans were reviewed, and the mean HU measurements from L1–4 were recorded. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using femoral neck and lumbar spine dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). The number of patients who met criteria for osteoporosis was determined for each imaging modality.RESULTSForty-eight patients underwent both preoperative DEXA and CT scanning. Forty-three patients were female and 5 were male. Forty-seven patients were Caucasian and one was African American. The mean age of the patients was 62.1 years. Femoral neck DEXA was more likely to identify osteopenia (n = 26) than lumbar spine DEXA (n = 8) or lumbar CT HU measurements (n = 6) (p < 0.001). There was a low-moderate correlation between lumbar spine CT and lumbar spine DEXA (r = 0.463, p < 0.001), and there was poor correlation between lumbar spine CT and femoral neck DEXA (r = 0.303, p = 0.036).CONCLUSIONSDespite the opportunistic utility of lumbar spine CT HU measurements in identifying osteoporosis in patients undergoing single-level fusion, these measurements were not useful in this cohort of ASD patients. The correlation between femoral neck DEXA and HU measurements was poor. DEXA assessment of BMD in ASD patients is essential to optimize the care of these complicated cases.
Potential of predictive computer models for preoperative patient selection to enhance overall quality-adjusted life years gained at 2-year follow-up: a simulation in 234 patients with adult spinal deformity
Authors: Oh Taemin , Scheer Justin K. , Smith Justin S. , Hostin Richard , Robinson Chessie , Gum Jeffrey L. , Schwab Frank , Hart Robert A. , Lafage Virginie , Burton Douglas C. , Bess Shay , Protopsaltis Themistocles , Klineberg Eric O. , Shaffrey Christopher I. , Ames Christopher P. , _ _ 
Published: December 2017

OBJECTIVEPatients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) experience significant quality of life improvements after surgery. Treatment, however, is expensive and complication rates are high. Predictive analytics has the potential to use many variables to make accurate predictions in large data sets. A validated minimum clinically important difference (MCID) model has the potential to assist in patient selection, thereby improving outcomes and, potentially, cost-effectiveness.METHODSThe present study was a retrospective analysis of a multiinstitutional database of patients with ASD. Inclusion criteria were as follows: age ≥ 18 years, radiographic evidence of ASD, 2-year follow-up, and preoperative Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) > 15. Forty-six variables were used for model training: demographic data, radiographic parameters, surgical variables, and results on the health-related quality of life questionnaire. Patients were grouped as reaching a 2-year ODI MCID (+MCID) or not (−MCID). An ensemble of 5 different bootstrapped decision trees was constructed using the C5.0 algorithm. Internal validation was performed via 70:30 data split for training/testing. Model accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. The mean quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and QALYs gained at 2 years were calculated and discounted at 3.5% per year. The QALYs were compared between patients in the +MCID and –MCID groups.RESULTSA total of 234 patients met inclusion criteria (+MCID 129, −MCID 105). Sixty-nine patients (29.5%) were included for model testing. Predicted versus actual results were 50 versus 40 for +MCID and 19 versus 29 for −MCID (i.e., 10 patients were misclassified). Model accuracy was 85.5%, with 0.96 AUC. Predicted results showed that patients in the +MCID group had significantly greater 2-year mean QALYs (p = 0.0057) and QALYs gained (p = 0.0002).CONCLUSIONSA successful model with 85.5% accuracy and 0.96 AUC was constructed to predict which patients would reach ODI MCID. The patients in the +MCID group had significantly higher mean 2-year QALYs and QALYs gained. This study provides proof of concept for using predictive modeling techniques to optimize patient selection in complex spine surgery.
Pastoralists are Peoples: Key issues in Advocacy and the Emergence of Pastoralists' Rights
Authors: Bassi Marco 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
This article deals with the rights-based approach to development that in the last decade has informed discourse on pastoralism. It focuses on the organisations that have engaged in pastoral advocacy at the global level, considering the dynamic conceptions of development, human rights and policy that provide their cultural and operative background. It outlines the convergence of indigenous rights with the core challenges of pastoralism, and the emergence of the new concept of 'pastoralists' rights', eventually considered as a separate domain. It argues that the mobility paradigm of pastoral development may not by itself provide an adequate answer to the problems of pastoral communities, unless explicit consideration is made of the collective and procedural rights recognised under the international human rights framework.
Proteomic investigation of resistance to chemotherapy drugs in osteosarcoma
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Qin Yu-Ping , Kuang Jiang-Ming , Liu Yi-He 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUND: Osteosarcoma, which is also termed osteogenic sarcoma or osteoma sarcomatosum, is the most common form of bone cancer. Typical osteosarcoma can occur at any age, including in infants, children, and the elderly, but more than half of cases occur in individuals who are 10–20 years old. OBJECTIVE: Here, the objective was to search for protein markers to indicate resistance to cisplatin in osteosarcoma and provide a theoretical basis for the early and accurate use of cisplatin to treat osteosarcoma. METHODS: Thirty patients with osteosarcoma were selected for the study. Experimental studies on the chemosensitivity of osteosarcoma using an in vitro kit method were performed, and cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive osteosarcoma tissues were obtained. A representative sample was chosen to analyze and identify differentially expressed proteins in cisplatin-resistant tissues. RESULTS: The osteosarcoma-sensitive tissue was analyzed using 2-D electrophoresis and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Differently expressed proteins were analyzed by western blotting to identify markers. Cisplatin-resistant and cisplatin-sensitive osteosarcoma tissues were obtained. Five significantly differentially expressed proteins were identified, including ALDOA and PGK1. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that ALDOA and PGK1 might be appropriate markers that can be used when treating osteosarcoma with cisplatin.
Breeding of zebrafish in the laboratory environment for research development
Authors: Kim Sang Ho , Sharma Chanchal , Khan Imran , Kang Sun Chul 
Published: December 2017

<p>The zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio</em>) has turn out to be an excellent vertebrate organism for analyzing developmental stages, disease modeling, and screening of drug toxicities due to their minuscule, high fecundity, optical transparency and there close parallels with the genome of human beings. Although maintenance of zebrafish is relatively easy, yet it is a complex process, greatly influenced by various factors including mating behavior, day-light cycle, age, and size of fish. This visual experiment will provide an overview of zebrafish care and maintenance in the laboratory environment. Additionally, the presentation will include information essential for improving the spawning habitat by recreating breeding settings in the lab. Collectively, this experimental memorandum of zebrafish environment can serve as a mean to understand the reproducibility, efficiency of use and its welfare for future research development.</p><p><strong>Video Clip of Methodology</strong>:</p><p>2 min 52 sec: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/v/-oqF4xvfIjg">Full Screen</a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-oqF4xvfIjg">Alternate</a></p>
Constraints on the Obliquities of Kepler Planet-hosting Stars
Authors: Winn Joshua N. , Petigura Erik A. , Morton Timothy D. , Weiss Lauren M. , Dai Fei , Schlaufman Kevin C. , Howard Andrew W. , Isaacson Howard , Marcy Geoffrey W. , Justesen Anders Bo , Albrecht Simon 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Stars with hot Jupiters have obliquities ranging from 0° to 180°, but relatively little is known about the obliquities of stars with smaller planets. Using data from the California-Kepler Survey, we investigate the obliquities of stars with planets spanning a wide range of sizes, most of which are smaller than Neptune. First, we identify 156 planet hosts for which measurements of the projected rotation velocity (

) and rotation period are both available. By combining estimates of v and

, we find nearly all the stars to be compatible with high inclination, and hence, low obliquity (≲20°). Second, we focus on a sample of 159 hot stars (

K) for which

is available but not necessarily the rotation period. We find six stars for which

is anomalously low, an indicator of high obliquity. Half of these have hot Jupiters, even though only 3% of the stars that were searched have hot Jupiters. We also compare the

distribution of the hot stars with planets to that of 83 control stars selected without prior knowledge of planets. The mean

of the control stars is lower than that of the planet hosts by a factor of approximately

, as one would expect if the planet hosts have low obliquities. All these findings suggest that the Kepler planet-hosting stars generally have low obliquities, with the exception of hot stars with hot Jupiters.
New Orbits for 18 Binaries
Authors: Cvetković Z. , Pavlović R. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Orbital elements of 18 visual binaries are computed using the measurements collected in the Fourth Catalog of Interferometric Measurements of Binary Stars; 15 orbits are determined for the first time and three orbits are revised. Eleven of the binaries, denoted as HDS, were discovered during the Hipparcos mission. The remaining binaries were discovered a few years earlier or later than 1991. All studied pairs are close, and all measured separations are less than

. The shortest orbital period is 10 years and the longest orbital period is 127 years. Dynamical parallaxes and total masses of systems are derived from the orbital elements. We also give absolute magnitudes, spectral types, and

residuals in θ and ρ.
Estimating Spectra from Photometry
Authors: Kalmbach J. Bryce , Connolly Andrew J. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Measuring the physical properties of galaxies such as redshift frequently requires the use of spectral energy distributions (SEDs). SED template sets are, however, often small in number and cover limited portions of photometric color space. Here we present a new method to estimate SEDs as a function of color from a small training set of template SEDs. We first cover the mathematical background behind the technique before demonstrating our ability to reconstruct spectra based upon colors and then compare our results to other common interpolation and extrapolation methods. When the photometric filters and spectra overlap, we show that the error in the estimated spectra is reduced by more than 65% compared to the more commonly used techniques. We also show an expansion of the method to wavelengths beyond the range of the photometric filters. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of our technique by generating 50 additional SED templates from an original set of 10 and by applying the new set to photometric redshift estimation. We are able to reduce the photometric redshifts standard deviation by at least 22.0% and the outlier rejected bias by over 86.2% compared to original set for z ≤ 3.
Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Active Dwarf Galaxy RGG 118
Authors: Baldassare Vivienne F. , Reines Amy E. , Gallo Elena , Greene Jenny E. 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
RGG 118 (SDSS 1523+1145) is a nearby (z = 0.0243), dwarf disk galaxy (

) that is found to host an active ∼50,000 solar mass black hole at its core. RGG 118 is one of a growing collective sample of dwarf galaxies known to contain active galactic nuclei (AGNs)—a group that, until recently, contained only a handful of objects. Here, we report on new Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 UVIS and IR imaging of RGG 118, with the main goal of analyzing its structure. Using 2D parametric modeling, we find that the morphology of RGG 118 is best described by an outer spiral disk, an inner component consistent with a pseudobulge, and a central point-spread function (PSF). The luminosity of the PSF is consistent with the central point source that is being dominated by the AGN. We measure the luminosity and the mass of the “pseudobulge” and confirm that the central black hole in RGG 118 is under-massive, with respect to the

and

relations. This result is consistent with a picture in which black holes in disk-dominated galaxies grow primarily through secular processes.
The Behavior of Selected Diffuse Interstellar Bands with Molecular Fraction in Diffuse Atomic and Molecular Clouds
Authors: Fan Haoyu , Welty Daniel E. , York Donald G. , Sonnentrucker Paule , Dahlstrom Julie A. , Baskes Noah , Friedman Scott D. , Hobbs Lewis M. , Jiang Zihao , Rachford Brian , Snow Theodore P. , Sherman Reid , Zhao Gang 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
We study the behavior of eight diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in different interstellar environments, as characterized by the fraction of hydrogen in molecular form (f
H2), with comparisons to the corresponding behavior of various known atomic and molecular species. The equivalent widths of the five “normal” DIBs (λλ5780.5, 5797.1, 6196.0, 6283.8, and 6613.6), normalized to E

B–V
, show a “lambda-shaped” behavior: they increase at low f
H2, peak at f
H2 ∼ 0.3, and then decrease. The similarly normalized column densities of Ca, Ca+, Ti+, and CH+ also decline for f
H2 > 0.3. In contrast, the normalized column densities of Na, K, CH, CN, and CO increase monotonically with f
H2, and the trends exhibited by the three C2 DIBs (λλ4726.8, 4963.9, and 4984.8) lie between those two general behaviors. These trends with f
H2 are accompanied by cosmic scatter, the dispersion at any given f
H2 being significantly larger than the individual errors of measurement. The lambda-shaped trends suggest the balance between creation and destruction of the DIB carriers differs dramatically between diffuse atomic and diffuse molecular clouds; additional processes aside from ionization and shielding are needed to explain those observed trends. Except for several special cases, the highest W

λ
(5780)/W

λ
(5797) ratios, characterizing the so-called “sigma-zeta effect,” occur only at f
H2 < 0.2. We propose a sequence of DIBs based on trends in their pair-wise strength ratios with increasing f
H2. In order of increasing environmental density, we find the λ6283.8 and λ5780.5 DIBs, the λ6196.0 DIB, the λ6613.6 DIB, the λ5797.1 DIB, and the C2 DIBs.
A Jet Source of Event Horizon Telescope Correlated Flux in M87
Authors: Punsly Brian 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations at 230 GHz are combined with Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations at 86 GHz and high-resolution Hubble Space Telescope optical observations in order to constrain the broadband spectrum of the emission from the base of the jet in M87. The recent VLBI observations of Hada et al. provide much stricter limits on the 86 GHz luminosity and component acceleration in the jet base than were available to previous modelers. They reveal an almost hollow jet on sub-mas scales. Thus, tubular models of the jet base emanating from the innermost accretion disk are considered within the region responsible for the EHT correlated flux. There is substantial synchrotron self-absorbed opacity at 86 GHz. A parametric analysis indicates that the jet dimensions and power depend strongly on the 86 GHz flux density and the black hole spin, but depend weakly on other parameters, such as jet speed, 230 GHz flux density, and optical flux. The entire power budget of the M87 jet,

, can be accommodated by the tubular jet. No invisible, powerful spine is required. Even though this analysis never employs the resolution of the EHT, the spectral shape implies a dimension transverse to the jet direction of 12–21

(

) for

(

), where M is the mass and a is the angular momentum per unit mass of the central black hole.
Collisionless Reconnection in Magnetohydrodynamic and Kinetic Turbulence
Authors: Loureiro Nuno F. , Boldyrev Stanislav 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
It has recently been proposed that the inertial interval in magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is terminated at small scales not by a Kolmogorov-like dissipation region, but rather by a new sub-inertial interval mediated by tearing instability. However, many astrophysical plasmas are nearly collisionless so the MHD approximation is not applicable to turbulence at small scales. In this paper, we propose an extension of the theory of reconnection-mediated turbulence to plasmas which are so weakly collisional that the reconnection occurring in the turbulent eddies is caused by electron inertia rather than by resistivity. We find that the transition scale to reconnection-mediated turbulence depends on the plasma beta and on the assumptions of the plasma turbulence model. However, in all of the cases analyzed, the energy spectra in the reconnection-mediated interval range from

to

.
De la philosophie sociale à la sociologie : science, normativité et politique
Authors: Vatin François 
Published: December 2017

Cet article se penche sur l’histoire de l’expression « philo­sophie sociale ». Apparue au milieu du xviii	e	siècle, elle désigne d’abord les valeurs et normes de conduite profanes par opposition aux règles religieuses. En concurrence avec d’autres expressions, elle désigne au cours du xix	e	siècle le projet de science du social avant que s’impose le terme de « sociologie ». Après l’instauration académique de la sociologie cette expression reste utilisée. Elle prend alors une connotation normative par opposition à l’ambition positive de la sociologie. L’histoire des usages de l’expression de philosophie sociale montre toutefois que la question est plus complexe. Elle nous invite à discuter la combinaison de positivité et de normativité présente dans toute science du social.
OSS popularity: Understanding the relationship between user-developer interaction, market potential and development stage
Authors: Cheruy Clémence , Robert Frank , Belbaly Nassim 
Published: December 2017

Alors que le logiciel libre a particulièrement retenu l’attention et l’intérêt du monde académique et managérial, beaucoup de recherches ont cherché à comprendre les facteurs de succès de ces logiciels OSS. Cependant, ces recherches se sont principalement concentrées sur des projets reconnus et de grande envergure, tels que Linux ou Apache. Une investigation des projets moins connus permettrait une compréhension plus complète et d’éviter un taux d’échec important des projets OSS. Cette étude investigue donc la combinaison de trois facteurs : les interactions des utilisateurs et développeurs, la pénétration du marché et le stade de développement, afin d’observer leur impact sur la popularité des projets OSS peu connus. Nous avons pour cela développé un modèle empirique de la popularité des OSS, et avons testé nos hypothèses sur 657 projets de logiciel libre. Les résultats de cette recherche montrent que la combinaison des trois facteurs a un impact positif sur la popularité des OSS. De plus, contrairement aux études précédentes, nos résultats révèlent également que les interactions entre utilisateurs et développeurs ont un rôle plus important que les activités reliées à la résolution de bugs dans la réussite des projets. Cette recherche propose une nouvelle manière de mesurer la popularité d’un projet OSS et offrant ainsi aux organisations une meilleure compréhension.
Family Support During Resuscitation: A Quality Improvement Initiative
Authors: Mureau-Haines Rache Marie , Boes-Rossi Mandy , Casperson Susan Christine , Çoruh Basak , Furth Amy M. , Haverland Amy , Herrera Farah , Hirai-Seaton Tracy , Kummet Carol , Ngo Hkori , Shushan Stephanie , Kritek Patricia A. , Greco Sheryl A. 
Published: December 2017

BACKGROUNDDespite increasing support for family presence during cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a review of the literature revealed no published protocols or training curricula to guide hospitals in implementing a family support provider role.OBJECTIVESTo develop a curriculum and train dedicated resuscitation team members whose role is to provide family support during in-hospital resuscitation events.METHODSAn interdisciplinary team developed a 4-hour training session for the family support staff. The session included an introduction to the evidence for family presence during resuscitation and local data on resuscitations. The training was composed of 4 sections: (1) clinical aspects of resuscitation, (2) integration into the resuscitation team and steps for providing family support during resuscitation, (3) responding to families in distress, and (4) self-care practices. Before and after the training session, the participants completed surveys of self-rated knowledge and attitudes toward family presence during resuscitation.RESULTSFifty-nine social workers and 8 spiritual care providers were trained in 2015. There was a significant increase in all rated aspects of knowledge of the family support role and self-care strategies.CONCLUSIONThrough the creation of an interdisciplinary curriculum, an institution can effectively train health care providers in a new resuscitation team role: the family support provider.
Deep Coverage Tissue and Cellular Proteomics Revealed IL-1β Can Independently Induce the Secretion of TNF-Associated Proteins from Human Synoviocytes
Authors: Tang Shengquan , Deng Suyuan , Guo Jiahui , Chen Xing , Zhang Wanling , Cui Yizhi , Luo Yanzhang , Yan Ziqi , He Qing-Yu , Shen Shan , Wang Tong 
Published: December 2017

Abstract
Synovitis is a key contributor to the inflammatory environment in osteoarthritis (OA) joints. Currently, the biological therapy of OA is not satisfactory in multiple single-target trials on anti-TNF agents, or IL-1 antagonists. Systems biological understanding of the phosphorylation state in OA synovium is warranted to direct further therapeutic strategies. Therefore, in this study, we compared the human synovial phosphoproteome of the OA with the acute joint fracture subjects. We found that OA synovium had significantly more phosphoproteins, and 82 phosphoproteins could only be specifically found in all the OA samples. Differentially expressed proteins of the OA synovium were focusing on endoplasmic reticulum–/Golgi-associated secretion and negative regulation of cell proliferation, which was verified through an IL-1β–treated human synoviocyte (HS) in vitro model. With data-independent acquisition–based mass spectrometry, we found that IL-1β could induce HS to secrete proteins that were significantly associated with the endosomal/vacuolar pathway, endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi secretion, complement activation, and collagen degradation. Especially, we found that while specifically suppressing HS endocytosis, IL-1β could activate the secretion of 25 TNF-associated proteins, and the change of SERPINE2 and COL3A1 secretion was verified by immunoblotting. In conclusion, our results suggest that OA synovium has a polarized phosphoproteome to inhibit proliferation and maintain active secretion of HS, whereas IL-1β alone can transform HS to produce a synovitis-associated secretome, containing numerous TNF-associated secretory proteins in a TNF-independent mode.