bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SOHO SWAN Lyα Models Supporting LRO LAMP: 2008–2023
Authors: Pryor Wayne R. , Tobiska W. Kent , Retherford Kurt D. , Grava Cesare , Egan Anthony , Greathouse Thomas K. , Gladstone G. Randall , Quémerais Eric 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Lyman-Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP) has been mapping the Moon since its launch in 2009. Faint ultraviolet illumination of the lunar dark side includes light from stars and from hydrogen Lyα emissions, mostly attributed to sunlight scattered by hydrogen atoms near the Sun with a smaller contribution from the whole Galaxy. Models of the lunar illumination by time-dependent Lyα photons have allowed the LAMP team to map polar shadowed craters suspected of harboring water ice and other volatiles. This paper describes the model that provides daily all-sky Lyα maps tuned by comparisons with all-sky Lyα maps from the SOlar and Heliospheric Observatory Solar Wind ANisotropy Experiment stationed at the Sun–Earth L1 point.
Awareness of middle ear pathologies in South Africa: Towards a primordial preventive audiology
Authors: Sebothoma Ben , Baloyi Naledi 
Published: September 2024

Background: Public awareness of auditory pathologies, has been explored in the literature. However, there is limited evidence regarding public awareness of middle ear pathologies and their risk factors in South African communities.Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe public awareness regarding middle ear pathologies and their associated risk factors in the community of Giyani, Limpopo province, South Africa.Method: A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was conducted among 94 adults aged 18 years and older living in Giyani, Limpopo province. A questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics was used to summarise the data, while a Chi-squared test was used to determine if there is any association between awareness and independent variables with categorised outcomes.Results: Adults aged between 18 and 65 years participated in this study. Most participants were aware of aural itchiness (71.3%) and pain (35%) as symptoms related to middle ear pathologies. The use of cotton buds (51.1%) and other illnesses (35.5%) were primarily reported as risk factors for middle ear pathologies. There were varied responses with regard to awareness of which professionals manage middle ear pathologies, indicating a general lack of awareness. No statistically significant association was found between the dependent and independent variables (p 0.005).Conclusion: The study indicated a general lack of public awareness regarding middle ear pathologies and their associated risk factors among Giyani community.Contribution: The study raises implications for public awareness campaign that educates communities about middle ear pathologies, risk factors and social determinants of health associated with these pathologies.
Arm Length and Height Relationship in Young Indian Adults: A Correlation and Regression Analysis
Authors: Joshi Aparna Milind , Thorat Shweta Shankarrao 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Anthropometric studies on body proportions such as arm length (AL) and height (Ht) are essential for understanding physical growth patterns and health indicators, particularly amongst young adults. However, limited research exists on this relationship in the Indian population.

Materials and Methods:
This study examined the correlation and regression between AL and Ht in 500 healthy Indian adults aged 18–23 years. Standard anthropometric tools were used to measure AL and Ht, and statistical analyses were conducted to determine the relationship between these variables.

Results:
The results showed varying degrees of correlation between AL and Ht across different age groups and genders. Males generally exhibited higher AL to Ht ratios compared to females, with significant gender differences observed in younger age groups.

Conclusion:
These findings contribute to our understanding of human growth patterns amongst young Indian adults and have important implications for clinical assessments and anthropological research. Further, longitudinal studies are recommended to better understand the dynamics of growth and body proportions over time in this population.
Assessment of academic stress and its association with academic achievement among health science students
Authors: Kaphle Maheshor , Karki Rajesh , Khanal Sudip , Aryal Dipsikha , Adhikari Kishor 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Excessive stress may cause serious psychosocial and emotional health consequences. Academic stress influences the academic achievement of students.

Aim:
This study aimed to assess academic stress and its association with academic achievement among health science students in Kathmandu.

Methodology:
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 268 health science students. Data were collected using the Scale for Assessing Academic Stress, to measure academic stress, academic activity-related questions, and academic Grade Point Average (GPA) from the previous semester which were used for academic performance. We selected students by systematic random sampling. We used a self-administered questionnaire method for data collection. Data were entered into EpiData software and transferred to IBM SPSS (version 25) for analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed by percentages and median (interquartile range). We used Pearson’s correlation and Chi-square tests to measure the association between academic stress, performance, and related factors.

Results:
A total of 31.7% and 35.4% of respondents had moderate and high academic stress, respectively. The correlation between academic achievement and academic stress was found to be negative (r = −0.201 and P = 0.001), but statistically significant. The association between sex (P = 0.008), academic environment at home (P = 0.041), teaching–learning materials at home (P = 0.022), and academic stress was found to be statistically significant.

Conclusion:
More than two-thirds of respondents had moderate and high academic stress. The relationship between stress and academic achievement is negatively correlated, which suggests that students do not need high academic stress to achieve substantial academic performance.
Histopathologic Perspective of Combined Liver–kidney Transplant: In Primary Hyperoxaluria Type 1 Patient
Authors: Gore Charusheela Rajesh , Iqbal Banyameen , Chhablani Nikita Ghanshamdas 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Primary hyperoxaluria (PH) type 1 is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glyoxylate metabolism. Its prevalence is 1–3 cases/million people. Glyoxylate is the precursor of oxalate which is believed to be produced by oxidation in liver peroxisomes. Serine-pyruvate aminotransferase/alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of glyoxylate. In the absence of this enzyme, oxalate and glycolate are overproduced leading to hyperoxaluria. This causes urolithiasis or nephrocalcinosis, which are conditions caused by the deposition of calcium oxalate. Due to its rarity and heterogeneous phenotype, it remains unrecognized due to which diagnosis is delayed, ending up in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and ultimately death. Hence, early diagnosis and simultaneous hepatorenal transplant remain the mainstay to avoid systemic oxalosis. Here, we discuss a case of a 43-year-old female who underwent combined liver–kidney transplant with a history of multiple episodes of renal calculi since childhood ultimately landing into ESRD in view of PH type 1.
Multiple Level Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion with PEEK Cage without Plating: Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Jacob Adrian Jamesraj , Mangaleswaran Balamurugan , Saranraj M. K. , Jadhav Darshil 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion is a common procedure done to treat cervical disk disease. The role of plating in the treatment of multilevel disc disease in the absence of instability has been debated with some claiming no difference in the clinical outcomes.

Objective:
The aim of the study was to assess the long term clinical outcomes of patients who underwent two or three level discectomies with PEEK cage placement without plating.

Material and Methods:
We collected the required data of all patients. Patients were contacted and completed clinical outcome questionnaires including NDI and VAS-Neck. All data was tabulated and statistical analysis was done.

Results:
Data of 72 patients was collected. The average age of the patients was 52.73 years. The mean follow-up was 62.4 months. 37 patients presented with Myelopathy (51%), 24 with radiculopathy (33%), 11 with myeloradiculopathy. The average VAS scores for neck pain preoperatively was 6.29 (Range: 4–9) and postoperatively improved to an average of 3.18 (Range: 0–7). The average neck disability index preoperatively was 37.86 (Range: 28–47) and the average postoperative NDI score being 19.02 (Range: 9 to 28). Our patients had a preoperative mean mJOA score of 11.68 (Range:3–17) and a mean postoperative mJOA score of 14.66 (3–17) with a mean difference of 3 points.

Conclusion:
The clinical outcomes of multiple-level cervical fusion without plating and with plating are similar. The best surgical option is one that requires minimal disruption of normal tissue, simple in technique and provides the patient with immediate- and long-term relief.
Unveiling the hoarseness of voice: a case report of laryngeal paraganglioma
Authors: Kar Sonali , Mohapatra Debahuti , Dash Subhashree S. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract
Voice hoarseness is a common clinical symptom, often resulting from underlying laryngeal pathologies, which can be either non-neoplastic or neoplastic. Laryngeal paraganglioma, a neuroendocrine tumor with a rare occurrence, originating from the parasympathetic paraganglia of the larynx, typically presents with nonspecific symptoms such as hoarseness, making it difficult to diagnose. The authors present a case of a 19-year-old male with a 5-month history of hoarseness who visited the outpatient department. Laryngoscopy revealed a supraglottic submucosal lesion involving the right aryepiglottic fold. Histopathology suggested potential diagnoses such as a neuroendocrine tumor, carcinoid, paraganglioma, or medullary thyroid carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of paraganglioma. This case report highlights the importance of considering paraganglioma as the differential diagnosis of laryngeal lesions despite its rare occurrence in the larynx. Early identification is crucial for developing an effective treatment strategy and achieving optimal patient outcomes. Our case report adds to the growing literature on the clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation of laryngeal paragangliomas.
Comparison of sodium and potassium values in arterial and venous blood samples
Authors: Mikun M. , Sivakumar K. , Thangaraj Prabha , Thamarai R. 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
In routine practice, electrolytes are measured in serum using an electrolyte analyzer, which takes approximately 30 min. In contrast, electrolyte measurements from arterial blood using an arterial blood gas (ABG) analyzer can be completed within 5–10 min. However, limited information compares electrolyte values between venous and arterial samples. This study aims to determine if sodium (Na) and potassium (K) test results from arterial blood and venous serum samples can be used interchangeably.

Materials and Methods:
An observational cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 months (July and August 2019) at a tertiary care teaching hospital and research center. Data were collected from 50 intensive care unit patients, including their ABG analysis and serum electrolyte reports. The ABG samples, collected in heparinized syringes, were processed immediately using GEM Premier 3500 Blood gas analyzer. Serum electrolytes were measured with the Roche 9180 analyzer after centrifugation. Data analyses were performed using IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 21, and Bland–Altman plots were used to compare the results.

Results:
The mean sodium levels in venous samples and arterial blood were statistically insignificant (P < 0.17). In contrast, a significant difference was observed in potassium measurements between the two sample types (P = 0.000, null hypothesis rejected). The mean difference in sodium (Na+) results was 2.01 mEq/L, with a limit of agreement ranging from −17.98 to 22 mEq/L. The bias in arterial potassium was 0.99 mEq/L, with a 95% limit of agreement from 0.01 to 1.97 mEq/L.

Conclusions:
While sodium results from arterial and venous samples were similar, potassium results differed significantly. Therefore, potassium measurements from ABG and serum electrolyte analyzers should not be used interchangeably and must be interpreted cautiously.
Morphology of Perforated Cervicothoracic Ganglion in Indian Cadavers
Authors: Rajmohan Lavanya , Sakthivel Sulochana 
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cervicothoracic ganglion (CTG) has surgical significance for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic regional pain syndromes, herpes zoster, refractory angina, vascular occlusive disorders, etc. Rarely, CTG could be perforated by the vertebral artery (VA), which might lead to complications during the ganglionic block. The present study describes the morphology of perforated CTG in Indian cadavers.

Methodology:
The present study included 25 formalin-embalmed cadavers (male – 18, female – 7) that were utilized for undergraduate teaching in the department of anatomy from 2017 to 2021. Out of 25 cadavers, two specimens on the right side were excluded from the study due to adhesion and damage to the ganglion. A total of 48 specimens (right – 23; left – 25) were included in the study and analyzed for the perforated CTG.

Results:
CTG was observed in 87.5% of the specimens and the inferior cervical ganglion in 12.5%. Perforated CTG was observed in four specimens (9.52%) exclusively on the left where the VA pierced at its superior pole or middle. The perforated CTG was found exclusively on the left, and in all four specimens, the VA was a branch from the subclavian artery.

Conclusion:
An analysis of the morphology of perforated CTG in Indian cadavers revealed its significant occurrence in the present study. It is crucial to consider the risk of injuring the VA during a CTG block. Understanding this variation could aid anesthetists, neurosurgeons, and surgeons in preventing complications during the therapeutic and diagnostic ganglionic blocks.
The Prevalence and Predictors of Burnout Among Resident Doctors in Enugu State, South East Nigeria: A Mixed Method Study
Authors: Okeke TA , Kassy CW , Chime OH , Ogugua IJ , Shu EN 
Published: September 2024

Background:
Burnout in the health care industry is a potential hazard that has reached epidemic proportions mostly among doctors in practice and training. Burnout has enormous consequences on doctors, patients, and health care institutions.

Aim:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of burnout among resident doctors in Enugu State, Nigeria.

Methods:
This was a mixed-method study of 420 resident doctors in tertiary hospitals in Enugu State, Nigeria. Data were collected using Oldenburg Burnout Inventory and in-depth interviews of chief resident doctors of selected departments. Data were analyzed using IBM statistical package 23.0 and Nvivo 11. Test of significance was set at 0.05.

Results:
The mean age of participants was 34.11 ± 5.08 years. The prevalence of burnout groups among resident doctors was 84.3% in the burnout group, 4.8% in the disengagement group, 6.9% in the exhaustion group, and 4.0% in the non-burnout group. Gender (OR = 1.861, C.I = 1.079–3.212), duration of training (OR = 1.740, C.I = 1.008–3.005), and working hours (OR = 2.982, C.I = 1.621–5.487) were the predictors of burnout; only working hours (OR = 0.279, C.I = 0.091–0.0862) was the predictor of disengagement; and gender (OR = 0.248, C.I = 0.107–0.579) was the predictor of exhaustion. Heavy workloads, long working hours, migration, poor working environment, job insecurity, poor remuneration, and management style were identified factors of burnout.

Conclusion:
There was high prevalence of burnout among resident doctors, predicted by gender, duration of training, and working hours. Interventions are needed to reduce burnout, prevent the “brain drain”, and improve resident doctors’ overall well-being.
Integration of Primary Preventive Care of Cardiovascular Disease in a Retroviral Clinic in an adult retroviral clinic in Ibadan: A retrospective study
Authors: Kuti MA , Kuti KM , Awolude OA , Ogundeji OA , Moradeyo DM , Feinstein MJ , Taiwo BO 
Published: September 2024

Background:
A consequence of improved survival of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLHIV) is an aging population with an increased risk of developing atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVDs). International guidelines recommend primary preventive strategies which should be integrated into routine care of PLHIV.

Aims:
This study audited the ASCVD preventive practices offered to PLHIV at the adult antiretroviral clinic in Ibadan.

Methods:
This was a retrospective review of clinical records of all persons who were recruited into the antiretroviral therapy clinic between January 1 and December 31, 2018. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) preventive practices were audited against recommendations of the American Heart Association for PLHIV.

Results:
The records of 568 persons with a mean (standard deviation) age of 39.95 (11.77) years were reviewed. There were 365 (64.26%) females and 203 (35.74%) males. Only 364 (64.08%) patients had the required parameters for the calculation of the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by the Friedewald formula. Ten-year ASCVD risk was not calculated for any of the patients during their clinic visits. Thirty-seven (6.51%) patients had either an LDL-C ≥4.91 mmol/L or an age between 40 and 75 years with diabetes mellitus or ASCVD risk score (when calculated) ≥ 7.5%. Only one of these persons was referred for specialist care of lifestyle modification. Fifty (8.80%) persons had an eGFR <60 mLs/min, but only 11 (1.94%) were referred for nephrology care.

Conclusion:
The integration of primary preventive cardiovascular practices into routine care for PLHIV is suboptimal. A revision of the recommendations of the Nigerian National Guidelines for HIV may be a useful first step addressing this.
Assessment of Prevalence of Otitis Media with Effusion and Correlation Between Otoscopic Findings with Jerger’s Diagnostic Tympanograms Among Pupils in Calabar Municipality
Authors: Onwughalu BC , Adekanye AG , Mgbe RB , Anisi CO , Umana AN , Somefun OA 
Published: September 2024

Background:
OME is an accumulation of serous or mucoid fluid in the middle ear cavity with an intact tympanic membrane and without any sign of acute infection.

Aims:
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of otitis media with effusion among preschool and school-age children aged 1-10 years in private and public schools in Calabar municipality and the correlations between otoscopic findings and Jerger’s diagnostic criteria among study participants.

Methods:
This school-based descriptive cross-sectional study used a multistage sampling technique to recruit participants. The Institutional Ethical Committee approved the study. Consent and assent were obtained from parents/guardians of children aged < 6 years and >7 years, respectively. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic characteristics, symptoms, and possible risk factors for otitis media with effusion. In addition, ear, nose, and throat (ENT) examinations and tympanometry were performed for each participant. Jerger’s type B and C tympanograms were the diagnostic criteria for otitis media with effusion. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 25, and the threshold for statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The overall prevalence of OME was 13.8%, with P values ≤ 0.001, P = 0.597, and P = 0.007 for daycare (45.85%), public schools (14.7%), and females, respectively. Jerger type B tympanograms had a strong positive correlation with middle ear fluid (r = 0.777) on otoscopy, Jerger type C tympanograms with dull TM (r = 0.687), and retracted TM (r = 0.774).

Conclusion:
Otitis media with effusion was more prevalent among preschool children aged 1-2 years in public schools and among female children in Calabar municipalit. The otoscopic results of otitis media with effusion were consistent with Jerger’s diagnostic criteria in our study.
Repeater F-waves: Clinical Importance and Distinction from A-waves
Authors: Mercan Metin , Yayla Vildan 
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Aim:
The aim of this study was to distinguish repeater F-waves (Frep) from A-waves by measuring the amplitude and ratio and investigating their relationship with neuromuscular diseases (NMDs).

Materials and Methods:
We retrospectively reviewed and compared the Frep records of 414 patients with different NMDs and 162 control subjects with normal electrophysiologic findings. Optimal cutoff points were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves, yielding >99% specificity versus A-waves.

Results:
The sensitivity at each derived cutoff point for the median, ulnar, peroneal, and tibial nerves were 58.5% for ≥340 uV, 46.2% for ≥350 μV, 13.1% for ≥560 μV, and 50.1% for ≥410 μV, respectively. However, the Frep/M-response amplitude ratio demonstrated very low sensitivity. The occurrence of repeater F-waves (Freps) was similar in patients with primary demyelination and axonal degeneration (P > 0.05); however, it was higher than that in control subjects (P < 0.017). The Frep amplitudes in patients with primary demyelination were significantly lower than in patients with axonal degeneration and control subjects (P < 0.017). The M-response amplitude negatively correlated with the occurrence of Freps and positively correlated with the F-wave persistence (P < 0.001).

Discussion:
The amplitude parameter appears to be an essential criterion for assessing late potentials, which may help differentiate Freps from A-waves, thereby facilitating the accurate detection of Freps. The increased occurrence of Freps indicates dysfunction of lower motor neurons, independent of the pathophysiologic process.