bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phytotherapeutic Hierarchical PCL‐Based Scaffolds as a Multifunctional Wound Dressing: Combining 3D Printing and Electrospinning
Authors: Unalan Irem , Slavik Benedikt , Buettner Andrea , Boccaccini Aldo R. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on developing hybrid scaffolds incorporating phytotherapeutic agents via a combination of three‐dimensional (3D) printing and electrospinning to enhance mechanical properties and provide antibacterial activity, in order to address the limitations of traditional antibiotics. In this regard, 3D‐printed polycaprolactone (PCL) struts are first fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM). Then, alkaline surface treatment is applied to improve the adhesion of electrospun nanofibers. Finally, peppermint oil (PEP) or clove oil (CLV)‐incorporated PCL‐gelatin (GEL) electrospun nanofibers are collected on top of the 3D‐printed PCL scaffolds by electrospinning. Incorporating PEP or CLV into PCL‐GEL electrospun nanofibers enhances the scaffold's layer detachment and adhesion force. In addition, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity assay indicates that incorporating PEP or CLV improves the antioxidant properties of the scaffolds. Further, antibacterial activity results reveal that PEP or CLV incorporated scaffolds exhibit inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria. Moreover, anti‐inflammatory assays show that scaffolds reduce the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) released from Raw 264.7 macrophage‐like cells. On the other hand, the phytotherapeutic hierarchical scaffolds have no toxic effect on normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells, and PEP or CLV enhance cell attachment and proliferation. Overall, incorporating natural phytotherapeutic agents into hierarchical scaffolds shows promise for advancing wound healing applications.
On a parabolic Monge–Ampère type equation on compact almost Hermitian manifolds
Authors: Kawamura Masaya 
Published: September 2024

AbstractWe investigate a parabolic Monge–Ampère type equation on compact almost Hermitian manifolds and derive a priori gradient and second‐order derivative estimates for solutions to this parabolic equation. These a priori estimates give us higher order estimates and a long‐time solution. Then, we can observe its behavior as .
The Effect of Green Tea Extract on Pulmonary Inflammation in Nanoparticles‐Exposed Mice
Authors: Lee Pureun‐Haneul , An MinHyeok , Hwang DaYeon , Jang An‐Soo 
Published: September 2024

ScopeTitanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) are air pollutants that exacerbate chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) However, little is known about the mechanism underlying the antipollutant effects of green tea extract (GTE). This study evaluates the efficacy and mechanism of GTE on lung inflammation and fibrosis in mice exposed to TiO2 NPs.Methods and resultsThe TiO2 NPs model is induced by having mice inhale TiO2 NPs, while controls receive an equivalent volume of saline. Treatment with oral GTE is initiated after TiO2 NPs inhalation and is given once daily for 4 weeks. Airway resistance and pulmonary inflammation are increased in mice exposed to TiO2 NPs. GTE treatment reduces the airway inflammation and airway resistance, and attenuates the pathological changes including lung fibrosis compared to the mice exposed to TiO2 NPs. With GTE, there are no significant increases in cytokines and immunoglobulin E (IgE) in mice exposed to TiO2 NPs. GTE inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and apoptotic factors induced by TiO2 NPs exposure, and these protective effects of GTE are closely related to the mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.ConclusionGTE modulates pulmonary inflammation in mice exposed to air pollutants, suggesting that GTE may be beneficial in respiratory diseases exacerbated by such pollutants.
Elucidating the hemodynamic impact of residual stenosis post‐carotid artery stenting: A numerical study
Authors: Zhang Xianghao , Fan Zhenmin , Zhao Pengfei , Ye Xia , Deng Xiaoyan , Guidoin Robert , Liu Mingyuan 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundResidual stenosis (RS) and hemodynamics demonstrate a significant correlation with postoperative in‐stent restenosis/thrombosis following carotid artery stenting (CAS).PurposeThis study endeavors to elucidate the potential associations between RS and adverse postoperative hemodynamic factors.MethodsThis study utilized 46 patient‐specific carotid artery models post‐stenting, which were categorized into two groups based on the presence of RS: the normal group (N, n = 23) and the RS group (RS, n = 23). A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the discrepancies in geometry and adverse hemodynamic parameters, alongside investigating the potential correlation between hemodynamic and geometric parameters.ResultsThe results reveal that a higher reflux flow volume is discernible in the RS group during low‐velocity phases of the cardiac cycle, concomitant with an augmented extent of areas exposed to oscillatory shear stress and extended particle residence time. Moreover, the adverse hemodynamic parameters exhibit a positive correlation with the degree of stent expansion, stent length in the common carotid artery (CCA), and the distal slope of the RS.ConclusionThe distal slope and tortuosity of RS significantly influence the development of adverse hemodynamic conditions post‐stenting, exacerbating the hemodynamic environment near the stenosis. Interestingly, while an extended stent length in the internal carotid artery (ICA) region improves hemodynamics by reducing flow disturbance, a longer stent in the CCA significantly worsens these conditions. Hence, it is prudent to analyze the characteristics of the local lesion regions to optimize the strategy for stent implantation.
Multifocal motor neuropathy in Japan: A nationwide survey on prevalence, clinical profiles, and treatment
Authors: Aotsuka Yuya , Misawa Sonoko , Suichi Tomoki , Shibuya Kazumoto , Nakamura Keigo , Kano Hiroki , Otani Ryo , Morooka Marie , Ogushi Moeko , Nagashima Kengo , Sato Yasunori , Kuriyama Nagato , Kuwabara Satoshi 
Published: September 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMultifocal motor neuropathy (MMN) is a rare disease for which epidemiological and clinical data are limited. We conducted a nationwide survey to determine disease prevalence, incidence, clinical profile, and current treatment status in Japan.MethodsA nationwide survey was conducted in 2021 using an established epidemiological method. Questionnaires were sent to all neurology and pediatric neurology departments in Japan. An initial questionnaire was administered to determine the number of patients with and incidence of MMN. A second questionnaire was administered to collect detailed clinical information. The European Federation of Neurological Societies/Peripheral Nerve Society 2010 guidelines were used as diagnostic criteria.ResultsThe estimated number of patients with MMN was 507. The estimated prevalence was 0.40 per 100,000 individuals. Detailed clinical profiles were available for 120 patients. The male‐to‐female ratio was 2.3:1 and the median onset age was 42 years. The median disease duration at diagnosis was 25 months. Most patients presented with upper limb‐dominant muscle weakness. Motor nerve conduction blocks were found in 62% of patients and positive anti‐GM1 IgM antibody results in 54%. A total of 117 (98%) patients received immunoglobulin therapy, and 91% of them showed improvement. At the time of the last visit (median, 82 months from treatment initiation), 89 (74%) patients were receiving maintenance immunoglobulin therapy. A slight progression of neurological deficits was observed during follow‐up.DiscussionMost patients with MMN in Japan received induction and maintenance immunoglobulin therapies, which appear to suppress long‐term disease progression.
Application and parameter identification of the Lagrangian‐averaged vorticity deviation vortex detection method in three‐dimensional flows around solid bodies
Authors: Kovács Kinga Andrea , Balla Esztella 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThe main aim of the current study is the detection of vortices in three‐dimensional fluid flow around a circular cylinder and an axial fan with the Lagrangian‐averaged vorticity deviation vortex identification method. Important parameters of the method include the size of the sought vortices and their convexity. Previous research has been conducted for the circular cylinder by the authors, however, only with respect to two‐dimensional geometries. The authors intend to compare the recommendations for the vortex detection parameters (in three dimensions) with those of the previously found results (in two dimensions). The capabilities of the LAVD technique are also tested on a practical example of a flow around an axial fan. With respect to the axial fan, the goal to be achieved is the detection and visualization of the so‐called tip leakage vortex. Comparison with the result of another detection method (Banks' vorticity predictor‐pressure corrector vortex core identification method), provided by a different author will also be performed.
Data‐driven simulation of functional fatigue in shape memory alloy wires
Authors: Harnisch Marius , Bartel Thorsten , Weyergraf Lukas , Menzel Andreas , Schweizer Ben 
Published: September 2024

AbstractData‐driven mechanics offers great potential in engineering applications, where the efficient simulation of complex and, in particular, path‐dependent material behavior is often challenging. Within this approach, conventional material models are replaced by data sets containing snapshots of stress, strain and the history of both assumed to be sufficiently accurate representations of the underlying material behavior. Based on these snapshots and on physical admissibility, a distance function is built which is minimized to yield the boundary value problems' solution. The aim of this paper is to apply this framework to accurately simulate the complex behavior of shape memory alloy wires under cyclic loading, under which these materials exhibit a degradation of their features, denoted functional fatigue. The constructed synthetic data sets are enriched by real experimental data, showcasing that the data‐driven method is capable of combining both approaches of classic material modeling and modern methods which directly incorporate experimental data.
Interconnection of port‐Hamiltonian systems with port‐Hamiltonian neural networks
Authors: Peters Till 
Published: September 2024

AbstractPort‐Hamiltonian neural networks can be used to capture the interactions between small interconnected port‐Hamiltonian systems from data. We now examine different composed models and check how accurate we can train the modified composed systems. The learning of the dynamics of the composed systems is investigated for cases in which the interconnection is known beforehand and also for cases without knowledge about the interconnection. In the latter cases, only small additional data is required.
Performance assessment of agricultural waste based eco‐friendly brake friction composites
Authors: Kılıç Halil 
Published: September 2024

AbstractThere has been growing interest in using sustainable and eco‐friendly products to produce engineering materials. For this purpose, composite material applications obtained from agricultural wastes are gaining popularity. This study examines the synergistic effect of rice husk and rice stalk wastes on the fade and recovery performance of brake friction composites. Brake friction materials were developed using rice husk and rice stalk separately and in two different weight percentages as a 5–10 ratio in the formulation. For comparison purposes, a reference brake pad using copper as a substitute and a commercially available brake pad were used. Various physical, mechanical and thermal properties were analyzed. The tribological behavior of friction composites was evaluated on the Krauss test device in line with the ECE R90 procedure. The worn surface properties were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy. Tribo test results of friction composites were taken as criteria for performance optimization. While the importance weight of the criteria was determined by AHP, the VIKOR method was used in the sorting of alternatives. The experimental results have revealed that rice husk‐added friction composites had a good coefficient of friction value with better fade and recovery performance compared to rice stalk‐added ones. Increasing the amount of rice husk and rice stalk in the formulation tended to decrease the fade performance; however, it has increased the wear rate and recovery properties. Optimization results have shown that the brake friction composite containing 5 wt % rice husk ranks first in meeting the desired tribological criteria.Highlights
Cu‐free rice husk and rice stalk‐added friction composites were developed.
Fibrous structure in the matrix developed the contact plateaus.
Rice husk‐based tribo‐layer protected the composite from further wear damage.
The addition of agro‐waste to friction composites exhibited good potential.
Epoxy‐POSS toughened phenol‐formaldehyde resin adhesive and its enhancement on the interfacial bonding strength of bamboo based composite
Authors: Ji Xiaoxiao , Wang Jinhui , Wang Zhiming , Mao Bowei , Cao Yizhong , Xie Yanjun , Yan Yutao 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBamboo‐based composite, being an eco‐friendly green material, has garnered widespread utilization across diverse sectors including construction and domestic appliances owing to its impressive strength, innate aesthetic appeal, and wear resistance. However, it tends to crack at bonding interface between bamboo and the brittle resin adhesive due to stress concentration, reducing its mechanical properties and lifespan. To address this issue, the epoxy‐based polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) was incorporated to modify the phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resin and improve the interfacial bonding strength. And the results showed that the incorporation of 5% epoxy‐POSS could markedly increase the impact and flexural strength of the modified PF resin by 75.7% and 27.6%, respectively, in contrast to the original PF resin. Moreover, the dry and wet shear strength of bamboo‐PF composites bonded by the POSS modified PF resin adhesive was also apparently improved by 17.03% and 28.55%, respectively. The increased toughness and bonding strength were mainly attributed to the nano‐effect of POSS and good compatibility and cross‐linking reaction with the PF resin, which helped dissipate energy and avoid stress concentration within the PF resin and at the bonding interface. This study aims to address the cracking problem of bamboo‐based composites and extend their longevity in architectural and domestic applications.Highlights
Epoxy‐POSS disperse well in PF resin due to its unique multi‐epoxy structure.
Epoxy‐POSS can react with PF resin and effectively improve its toughness.
Nano‐effect and cross‐linking effect enable dissipate energy and disperses stress.
Modification increased bonding strength and decreased interfacial cracking.
Influence of thermal history and consolidation force on wedge peel strength of CF/PEEK laminates manufactured by laser‐radiated in‐situ consolidation
Authors: Ma Yonglong , Zhang Zheng , Gao Tian , Pan Baisong , Sun Min , Zhang Guang , Chai Hao , Jiang Shaofei 
Published: September 2024

AbstractProcessing parameters during the laser‐radiated in‐situ manufacturing process change the thermal history of the thermoplastic composite, which affects porosity and fiber‐resin interfacial bonding quality, and hence the wedge peel strength of the laminate. The effect of different laser powers and consolidation forces on the wedge peel strength of the specimens was investigated. Due to the fiber‐rich area on the tape surface during the laser heating phase as well as the insufficient consolidation force and consolidation length during the consolidation phase, the wedge peel strength decreased due to increased porosity and weak fiber‐resin bonding at the interlayer bonding interface. A conformable consolidation roller of lower hardness was used to improve the wedge peel strength of the laminates, which reduced the initial temperature of the cooling phase, thus inhibiting the void rebound and increasing the bonding strength at the fiber‐resin interface. The cross‐section and peeling surface were characterized by optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The wedge peel strength of the laminates, with reduced voids and increased interfacial bonding strength between the fibers and the resin, is improved.Highlights
Mechanism of void formation and evolution in different phases of laser‐radiated in‐situ consolidated laminate.
Effect of consolidation roller hardness and deformation on wedge peel strength.
LLDPE/TiO2 composites with high UV aging resistance and mechanical properties by controlling the alumina coating on TiO2
Authors: Shi Yanqin , Zhao Yiyi , Ma Meng , Chen Si , He Huiwen , Zhu Yulu , Wang Xu 
Published: September 2024

AbstractFor preparing high performance LLDPE film, the photocatalytic activity and the UV absorption capacity of TiO2 were regulated by the alumina coating content on the surface of TiO2. Alumina‐coated TiO2 was prepared by the chemical liquid deposition method, and characterized by element analysis, TGA, FTIR, and morphology observation. The alumina coating layer had been proven to covalently bind to the surface of TiO2 through AlOTi bonds, which formed a continuous and dense coating layer, followed by forming a loose flocculent coating layer with the increase of alumina content. The alumina coating layer could significantly reduce the formation of carbonyl group on the LLDPE chains, and enhance UV aging resistance of LLDPE by inhibiting the photocatalytic activity of TiO2. Moreover, the dispersion of alumina‐coated TiO2 in the LLDPE matrix was improved. Thus, the transmittance of LLDPE/alumina‐coated TiO2 composites was reduced and the whiteness was improved. Importantly, the continuous and dense alumina coating layer was enough to inhibit the photocatalysis effect of TiO2 on LLDPE. The further increase of alumina coating content reduced the UV absorption capacity of alumina‐coated TiO2 and its compatibility with the LLDPE matrix. Therefore, the best alumina coating content on the surface of TiO2 was 1.46 wt% for preparing high performance LLDPE/TiO2 composites.Highlights
Alumina‐coated TiO2 with controllable coating thickness was successfully synthesized.
LLDPE/alumina‐coated TiO2 has excellent UV aging resistance and mechanical properties.
The photocatalytic activity and UV absorption capacity of TiO2 could be regulated.
1.46 wt% of alumina coating is the best content for high performance LLDPE/TiO2 composites.
Physical Crosslinking of Aqueous Polymer Dispersions: A Perspective
Authors: Ballard Nicholas , Jimenez Nerea , Asua José M. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractColloidal polymers, and in particular aqueous polymer dispersions, are widely used in commercial applications such as coatings and adhesives. Historically, the solvent resistance and mechanical properties of these systems have been improved by covalently crosslinking the polymer chains after drying. More recently, work has been directed toward replacing this covalent crosslinking, which typically involves highly reactive functional groups, by physical crosslinking through the use of supramolecular interactions. While conceptually similar to the use of covalent crosslinking, physical crosslinking has a unique influence on the rheology of the polymer, which leads to substantial differences in the development of mechanical strength during drying, as well as the mechanical properties of the final polymer film. In this perspective, the advantages and challenges of this approach are outlined, and an outlook for future research in this direction is provided.
A panel‐based mutational signature of homologous recombination deficiency associates with response to PARP inhibition in metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer
Authors: Boiarsky Daniel , Tewari Alok K. , Gulhan Doga C. , Bakouny Ziad , Ananda Guruprasad , Savignano Hunter , Lakshminarayanan Gitanjali , McClure Heather M. , Silver Rebecca , Choueiri Toni K. , Taplin Mary‐Ellen , Park Peter J. , Berchuck Jacob E. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe PARP inhibitor (PARPi) olaparib is approved for homologous recombination repair (HRR) gene‐altered metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). However, there is significant heterogeneity in response to PARPi in patients with mCRPC. Better clinical biomarkers are needed to identify patients likely to benefit from PARPi.MethodsPatients with prostate adenocarcinoma and panel sequencing at Dana‐Farber Cancer Institute were identified. Mutational signature analysis was performed using SigMA to characterize tumors as HRR deficient (HRD). The validity of SigMA to identify patients likely to benefit from olaparib was compared to the current FDA label (presence of a deleterious alteration in one of 14 HRR genes).Results546 patients were identified, of which 34% were HRD. Among patients with HRR gene alterations, only patients with BRCA2 two‐copy loss (2CL) were more likely to be HRD compared to patients without HRR gene alterations (74% vs 31%; P = 9.1 × 10‐7). 28 patients with mCRPC received olaparib, of which 13 were HRD and 9 had BRCA2 2CL. SigMA improved upon the current FDA label for predicting PSA50 (sensitivity: 100% vs 90%; specificity: 83% vs 44%; PPV: 77% vs 47%; NPV: 100% vs 89%) and rPFS > 6 months (sensitivity: both 92%; specificity: 93% vs 53%; PPV: 92% vs 63%; NPV: 93% vs 89%). On multivariate analysis, incorporating prognostic clinical factors and HR gene alterations, SigMA‐predicted HRD independently associated with improved PSA‐PFS (HR = 0.086, p = 0.00082) and rPFS (HR = 0.078, p = 0.0070).ConclusionsSigMA‐predicted HRD may better identify patients likely to benefit from olaparib as compared to the current FDA label. Larger studies are needed for further validation.
Recognition of Molecular Structure of Phosphonium Salts from the Visual Appearance of Material with Deep Learning Can Reveal Subtle Homologs
Authors: Boiko Daniil A. , Arkhipova Daria M. , Ananikov Valentine P. 
Published: September 2024

AbstractDetermining molecular structures is foundational in chemistry and biology. The notion of discerning molecular structures simply from the visual appearance of a material remained almost unthinkable until the advent of machine learning. This paper introduces a pioneering approach bridging the visual appearance of materials (both at the micro‐ and nanostructural levels) with traditional chemical structure analysis methods. Quaternary phosphonium salts are opted as the model compounds, given their significant roles in diverse chemical and medicinal fields and their ability to form homologs with only minute intermolecular variances. This research results in the successful creation of a neural network model capable of recognizing molecular structures from visual electron microscopy images of the material. The performance of the model is evaluated and related to the chemical nature of the studied chemicals. Additionally, unsupervised domain transfer is tested as a method to use the resulting model on optical microscopy images, as well as test models trained on optical images directly. The robustness of the method is further tested using a complex system of phosphonium salt mixtures. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study offers the first evidence of the feasibility of discerning nearly indistinguishable molecular structures.