bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Combined intravitreal methotrexate and immunochemotherapy followed by reduced‐dose whole‐brain radiotherapy for newly diagnosed B‐cell primary intraocular lymphoma
Authors: Kaburaki Toshikatu , Taoka Kazuki , Matsuda Junko , Yamashita Hideomi , Matsuda Izuru , Tsuji Hideki , Tanaka Rie , Nakazaki Kumi , Nakamura Fumihiko , Kamiya Kohei , Kurokawa Mineo , Ohtomo Kuni , Aihara Makoto 
Published: July 2017

SummaryPrimary intraocular lymphoma (IOL) has a propensity for central nervous system (CNS) relapse within 2 years of initial diagnosis, affecting clinical outcome. To reduce CNS relapse, we performed the combination treatment protocols of intravitreal methotrexate injections, methotrexate‐based systemic induction chemotherapy and consolidation high‐dose cytarabine and reduced‐dose whole brain radiation therapy (rdWBRT, 23·4 Gy) for B‐cell primary IOL with or without newly diagnosed CNS involvement. All patients underwent longitudinal brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and cognitive assessment for evaluation of treatment‐induced leucoencephalopathy. Seventeen patients initiated and 16 completed the protocol treatment. CNS relapse occurred in 2 patients and intraocular relapse in 3. Four‐year progression‐free survival (PFS) was 74·9% and 4‐year overall survival (OS) was 86·3%, with a median follow‐up period of 48·9 months. Of 11 patients without CNS involvement, 1 had CNS relapse and 3 intraocular relapse, and 4‐year PFS and OS was 72·7% and 88·9%, respectively. Although white matter abnormalities shown by MRI were significantly increased at 4 years after rdWBRT, only one patient developed mild cognitive impairment. The combination of intravitreal chemotherapy, prophylactic systemic chemotherapy and rdWBRT for primary IOL showed a potential to reduce CNS relapse rate and improved 4‐year PFS and OS without increase of cognitive dysfunction.
The super sickling haemoglobin HbS‐Oman: a study of red cell sickling, K+ permeability and associations with disease severity in patients heterozygous for HbA and HbS‐Oman (HbA/S‐Oman genotype)
Authors: Al Balushi Halima W. M. , Wali Yasser , Al Awadi Maha , Al‐Subhi Taimoora , Rees David C. , Brewin John N. , Hannemann Anke , Gibson John S. 
Published: July 2017

SummaryStudying different sickle cell genotypes may throw light on the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease (SCD). Here, the clinical profile, red cell sickling and K+ permeability in 29 SCD patients (15 patients with severe disease and 14 with a milder form) of HbA/S‐Oman genotype were analysed. The super sickling nature of this Hb variant was confirmed. The red cell membrane permeability to K+ was markedly abnormal with elevated activities of Psickle, Gardos channel and KCl cotransporter (KCC). Results were consistent with Ca2+ entry and Mg2+ loss via Psickle stimulating Gardos channel and KCC activities. The abnormal red cell behaviour was similar to that in the commonest genotype of SCD, HbSS, in which the level of mutated Hb is considerably higher. Although activities of all three K+ transporters also correlated with the level of HbS‐Oman, there was no association between transport phenotype and disease severity. The super sickling behaviour of HbS‐Oman may obviate the need for solute loss and red cell dehydration to encourage Hb polymerisation, required in other SCD genotypes. Disease severity was reduced by concurrent α thalassaemia, as observed in other SCD genotypes, and represents an obvious genetic marker for prognostic tests of severity in young SCD patients of the HbA/S‐Oman genotype.
Family Context Moderates the Association of Maternal Postpartum Depression and Stability of Infant Temperament
Authors: Parade Stephanie H. , Armstrong Laura M. , Dickstein Susan , Seifer Ronald 
Published: July 2017

Maternal postpartum depression, maternal sensitivity, and family functioning were examined as predictors of the stability of observed infant temperament over the first 30 months of life (N = 147 families). Eight observations at 8, 15, and 30 months postpartum were used to assess infant temperament. Structured clinical interviews were used to assess maternal depression, and observational assessments were used to assess family functioning and maternal sensitivity. Family context moderated the effect of maternal depression on change in infant temperament. Maternal depression was associated with change in infant temperament when maternal sensitivity was low but not when maternal sensitivity was high. Family functioning similarly moderated these links. Results underscore the centrality of the family context in shaping child behavior over time.
Occurrence of signs of osteoarthritis/arthrosis in the temporomandibular joint on panoramic radiographs in Swedish women
Authors: Bäck Karin , Ahlqwist Margareta , Hakeberg Magnus , Dahlström Lars 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the prevalence and incidence of radiographic signs of osteoarthritis/osteoarthrosis (OA) in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) among middle‐aged and older women.MethodsData were collected from ongoing representative, longitudinal and repeated cross‐sectional studies in Gothenburg, Sweden. Panoramic radiographs (PAN) have been taken regularly since 1968. The cohorts were systematically selected from the female population at the ages of 38, 50, 62 and 74. Condylar alterations indicative of OA (flattening/osteophyte/erosion) were evaluated in a total of 5234 PANs by one examiner under standardized conditions. Intra‐examiner reliability was good. Sensitivity was poor, and specificity was acceptable in relation to computed tomography.ResultsThe prevalence of signs of OA in the TMJ was 18% on panoramic radiographs at the age of 38, gradually increasing with age. At the age of 62, the prevalence was 38%, and it was stable around 45% in the older age groups. The highest incidence rate of OA was between the ages of 55 and 65. Bilateral OA was uncommon. Flattening was the most prominent finding.ConclusionThe prevalence of signs of OA in the TMJ, including remodeling, evaluated on panoramic radiographs in representative cohorts of women, increases substantially with age. Around one in every five middle‐aged women and almost every second woman of older ages can be expected to have some radiographic alteration in the TMJ. The highest proportion with new findings of OA is to be found among older middle‐aged women.
Association of adenylate cyclase‐associated protein 1 with coronary artery disease
Authors: Munjas Jelena , Sopić Miron , Spasojević‐Kalimanovska Vesna , Kalimanovska‐Oštrić Dimitra , Anđelković Kristina , Jelić‐Ivanović Zorana 
Published: July 2017

AbstractBackgroundAdenylate cyclase‐associated protein 1 (CAP1) is a recently identified receptor for human resistin. As resistin has been related to CAD development and progression and CAP1 has never been evaluated in CAD, the aim of this study was to determine its peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) mRNA in patients with CAD, and resistin plasma concentration, PBMCs resistin and CD36 mRNA, considering resistiǹs ability to stimulate CD36 expression in vitro.Materials and methodsThis case–controlled study included 27 healthy subjects (CG) and 66 patients requiring coronary angiography. Of the latter, 42 had nonsignificant CAD whereas 24 had significant CAD. Circulating resistin was measured by ELISA; PBMCs CAP1, resistin and CD36 mRNA were determined by real‐time PCR.ResultsPatients with significant as well as patients with nonsignificant CAD had significantly higher resistin concentrations compared to the CG (P < 0·001; P = 0·003). Resistin mRNA did not show significant difference between the investigated groups. CAP1 and CD36 mRNA were significantly higher in significant CAD (P < 0·001; P < 0·001, respectively) and nonsignificant CAD (P < 0·001; P < 0·001, respectively) compared to the CG; significant CAD showed significantly higher CD36 mRNA (P = 0·040) compared to the nonsignificant CAD group. Multiple linear regression analysis identified Tg and CD36 mRNA as independent predictors of CAP1 (R2 = 0·402; adjR2 = 0·376).ConclusionSignificant up‐regulation of PBMCs CAP1, CD36 mRNA and plasma resistin found in significant CAD, as well as in nonsignificant CAD compared to CG, indicates that resistin could be able to exert its effects stronger on cells with up‐regulated CAP1 mRNA thus contributing atherosclerosis development.
Potential avenues for exercise to activate episodic memory‐related pathways: a narrative review
Authors: Loprinzi Paul D. , Edwards Meghan K. , Frith Emily 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMemory function plays an important role in activities of daily living, and consequently, quality and quantity of life. In this narrative review, we discuss the anatomical components of episodic memory, including the structure of the hippocampus and the routes of communication to and from this structure. We also highlight cellular traces of memory, such as the engram cell and pathway. To provide etiological insight, the biological mechanisms of episodic memory are discussed, including factors subserving memory encoding (e.g., cognitive attention, neuroelectrical indices), consolidation (i.e., synaptic and brain systems level), and retrieval (e.g., availability of cues, context‐dependent, state‐dependent, and cognitive processing). Central to this manuscript, we highlight how exercise may influence each of these aforementioned parameters (e.g., exercise‐induced hippocampal growth, synaptic plasticity, and cue retrieval) and then discuss the implications of these findings to enhance and preserve memory function. Collectively, this narrative review briefly summarizes potential mechanisms of episodic memory, and how exercise may activate these mechanistic pathways.
Gradual changes in range size accompany long‐term trends in species richness
Authors: Batt Ryan D. , Morley James W. , Selden Rebecca L. , Tingley Morgan W. , Pinsky Malin L. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractSpecies richness has long been used as an indicator of ecosystem functioning and health. Global richness is declining, but it is unclear whether sub‐global trends differ. Regional trends are especially understudied, with most focused on island regions where richness is strongly impacted by novel colonisations. We addressed this knowledge gap by testing for multi‐decade trends in species richness in nine open marine regions around North America (197 region‐years) while accounting for imperfect observations and grounding our findings in species‐level range dynamics. We found positive richness trends in eight of nine regions, four of which were statistically significant. Species' range sizes generally contracted pre‐extinction and expanded post‐colonisation, but the ranges of transient species expanded over the long‐term, slowly increasing their regional retention and driving increasing richness. These results provide more evidence that sub‐global richness trends are stable or increasing, and highlight the utility of range size for understanding richness dynamics.
Glycemia in Acute Stroke II study: a call to improve post‐stroke hyperglycemia management in clinical practice
Authors: Fuentes B. , Sanz‐Cuesta B. E. , Gutiérrez‐Fernández M. , Martínez‐Sánchez P. , Lisbona A. , Madero‐Jarabo R. , Delgado‐Mederos R. , Gállego‐Cullere J. , Rodríguez‐Yáñez M. , Martínez‐Zabaleta M. , Freijo M. , Alonso de Leciñana M. , Portilla J. C. , Gil‐Núñez A. , Díez‐Tejedor E. ,   Glycemia in Acute Stroke II investigators for the Stroke Project of the Spanish Cerebrovascular Diseases Study Group
Published: July 2017

Background and purposeThe aim of the study was to analyze the effect of conventional glucose management, which aimed to maintain glucose levels <155 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L), on glucose control and the outcomes of patients with acute ischaemic stroke (IS) in a clinical practice setting.MethodsThis was a multicenter, prospective cohort study of patients with acute IS. Patients were classified into four groups based on their initial 48‐h capillary glucose levels and the administration of and response to corrective treatment: (i) untreated and maximum glucose levels <155 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) within the first 48 h; (ii) treated and good responders [glucose levels persistently <155 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L)]; (iii) treated and non‐responders [any glucose values ≥155 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L) during the 24 h after the start of corrective treatment]; and (iv) untreated with any glucose value ≥155 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L). The primary outcome was death or dependence at 3 months (blinded rater).ResultsA total of 213 patients were included. Ninety‐seven (45.5%) patients developed glucose levels ≥155 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L), 69 (71.1%) underwent corrective treatment and 31 patients underwent no corrective treatment at the physician's discretion [28 of whom had isolated values ≥155 mg/dL (8.5 mmol/L)]. Only 11 (16%) patients responded to conventional treatment, whereas 58 (84%) patients were non‐responsive. Non‐responders showed a twofold higher risk of death or dependence at 3 months (odds ratio, 2.472; 95% confidence interval, 1.096–5.576; P = 0.029).ConclusionsLack of response to conventional treatment for glucose management in acute IS is frequent and associated with poor outcomes.
Nondestructive characterization of thermal damages and its interactions in carbon fibre composite panels
Authors: Haridas A. , Song C. , Chan K. , Murukeshan V.M. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractDriven by high strength‐to‐weight ratios and advanced design flexibility, the application of composite structures in the aerospace industry is growing exponentially. A low thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient give an edge when it comes to applications requiring stringent thermal loads, especially in aircraft engines. It is thus necessary to characterize, qualitatively and quantitatively, the behaviour of composite structures under harsh thermal loads for their certification. In this paper, characterization of multiple heat damages on 30 × 30 cm2 composite panels (16 layers, 00 unidirectional, and carbon fibre composite panel) is carried out by using visual inspection, ultrasound (a‐ and c‐scans), and shearography. It has been observed that shearography, being a fast and noncontact technique, offers multiple advantages for sizing thermal damages. Primarily, it could be applied as a technique for a quick and effective inspection of composites, in turn, increasing the productivity of the quality assurance cycle.
In‐phase and out‐of‐phase thermomechanical fatigue behavior of 4Cr5MoSiV1 hot work die steel cycling from 400 °C to 700 °C
Authors: Zuo Pengpeng , Wu Xiaochun , Zeng Yan , He Xijuan 
Published: July 2017

AbstractThe hysteresis loops, stress and strain behavior, lifetime behavior and fracture characteristic of 4Cr5MoSiV1 hot work die steel at a wide range of mechanical strain amplitudes (from 0.5% to 1.3%) during the in‐phase (IP) and out‐of‐phase (OP) thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) tests cycling from 400 °C to 700 °C under full reverse strain‐controlled condition were investigated. Stress‐mechanical strain hysteresis loops of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel are asymmetric, and stress reduction appears at high‐temperature half cycles owing to a decrease in strength with increasing temperature. 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel always exhibits continuous cyclic softening for both types of TMF tests, and the cyclic softening rate is larger in OP loading condition. OP TMF life of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel is approximately 60% of IP TMF life at the same mechanical strain amplitude and maximum temperature. Lifetime determined and predicted in both types of TMF tests is adequately described by the Ostergren model. Fracture surfaces under IP TMF loading display the striation and tear ridge, showing quasi‐cleavage characteristics, and the cracks are less but longer. However, fracture surfaces under OP TMF loading mainly display the striation and dimple characteristics, and the cracks are more and shorter.
Fatigue crack propagation behavior of RC beams strengthened with CFRP under cyclic bending loads
Authors: Li Dongyang , Huang Peiyan , Guo Xinyan , Zheng Xiaohong , Lin Jiaxiang , Chen Zhanbiao 
Published: July 2017

AbstractA fatigue crack propagation equation of reinforced concrete (RC) beams strengthened with a new type carbon fiber reinforced polymer was proposed in this paper on the basis of experimental and numerical methods. Fatigue crack propagation tests were performed to obtain the crack propagation rate of the strengthened RC beams. Digital image correlation method was used to capture the fatigue crack pattern. Finite element model of RC beam strengthened with carbon fiber reinforced polymer was established to determinate J‐integral of a main crack considering material nonlinearities and degradation of material properties under cyclic loading. Paris law with a parameter of J‐integral was developed on the basis of the fatigue tests and finite element analysis. This law was preliminarily verified, which can be applied for prediction of fatigue lives of the strengthened RC beams.
Determination of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes in personal care products by gas chromatography
Authors: Brothers H. M. , Boehmer T. , Campbell R. A. , Dorn S. , Kerbleski J. J. , Lewis S. , Mund C. , Pero D. , Saito K. , Wieser M. , Zoller W. 
Published: July 2017

AbstractObjectiveOrganosiloxanes are prevalent in personal care products (PCPs) due to the desired properties they impart in the usage and application of such products. However, the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) has recently published restriction proposals on the amount of two cyclic siloxanes, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D4) and decamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D5), allowed in wash off products such as shampoos and conditioners which are discharged down the drain during consumer use. This legislation will require that reliable analytical methods are available for manufacturers and government agencies to use in documenting compliance with the restrictions. This article proposes a simple analytical method to enable accurate measurement of these compounds down to the circa 0.1 weight per cent level in PCPs.MethodsAlthough gas chromatography methods are reported in the literature for quantitation of D4 and D5 in several matrices including PCPs, the potential for generation of false positives due to contamination, co‐elution and in situ generation of cyclic volatile methylsiloxanes (cVMS) is always present and needs to be controlled. This report demonstrates the applicability of using a combination of emulsion break, liquid–liquid extraction and silylation sample preparation followed by GC‐FID analysis as a suitable means of analysing PCPs for specific cVMS.ResultsThe reliability and limitations of such methodology were demonstrated through several round‐robin studies conducted in the laboratories of a consortium of silicone manufacturers. In addition, this report presents examples of false positives encountered during development of the method and presents a comparative analysis between this method and a published QuEChERS sample preparation procedure to illustrate the potential for generation of false positives when an inappropriate approach is applied to determination of cVMS in personal care products.ConclusionThis report demonstrates that an approach to determine cVMS levels in personal care products is to perform an emulsion break on the sample, isolate the non‐polar phase from the emulsion break and treat with a silylation reagent to abate potential in situ formation of cyclics during the course of GC‐FID analysis. Round‐robin studies conducted in laboratories representing multiple siloxane manufacturers demonstrated the reliability of the GC‐FID method when measuring cVMS in PCPs down to circa 0.1%.
Differences in the daily activity of patients with diabetic foot ulcers compared to controls in their free‐living environments
Authors: Sheahan Helen , Canning Kimberley , Refausse Nishka , Kinnear Ewan M , Jorgensen Greg , Walsh James R , Lazzarini Peter A 
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTThe aims of our study were to investigate multiple daily activity outcomes in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) compared to diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and diabetes (DM) controls in their free‐living environments. We examined daily activity outcomes of 30 patients with DFU, 23 DPN and 20 DM. All patients wore a validated multi‐sensor device for > 5 days (>22 hours per day) to measure their daily activity outcomes: steps, energy expenditure (kJ), average metabolic equivalent tasks (METs), physical activity (>3·0 METs) duration and energy expenditure, lying duration, sleep duration and sleep quality. We found that DFU patients recorded fewer median (interquartile ranges, IQR) daily steps [2154 (1621–4324)] than DPN [3660 (2742–7705)] and DM [5102 (4011–7408)] controls (P < 0·05). In contrast, DFU patients recorded more mean ± SD daily energy expenditure (kJ) (13 006 ± 3559) than DPN (11 085 ± 1876) and DM (11 491 ± 1559) controls (P < 0·05). We found no other differences in daily activity outcomes (P > 0·1). We conclude that DFU patients typically take fewer steps but expend more energy during their normal daily activity than DPN and DM controls. We hypothesise that the increased energy expenditure for DFU patients may be due to wound healing or an inefficient gait strategy. Further investigations into this energy imbalance in DFU patients may improve healing in future.
Reduced dosing and liability in methadone maintenance treatment by targeting oestrogen signal for morphine addiction
Authors: Chiang Yao‐Chang , Wang Ruey‐Yun , Huang Chieh‐Liang , Chen Shue‐Hwa , Ho Wen‐Jing , Lane Hsien‐Yuan , Ho Ing‐Kang , Yang Hwei‐Ting , Ma Wen‐Lung 
Published: July 2017

AbstractMethadone maintenance treatment (MMT) is the major tapering therapy for morphine addictive patients. There have gender differences reported in response to MMT. This study discovered that the estrogen‐response element single nucleotide polymorphism (ERE‐SNP; rs16974799, C/T) of cytochrome 2B6 gene (cyp2b6; methadone catabolic enzyme) responded differently to MMT dosing. Oestradiol was associated with high MMT dosing, high enantiomer (R‐ or S‐) of 2‐ethylidene‐1,5‐dimethyl‐3,3‐dipheny‐pyrrolidine (EDDP; methadone metabolite) to methadone ratio and increased drug‐seeking behaviour, implicating oestradiol‐CYP‐EDDP/methadone axis decreasing MMT efficacy. In mouse model, oestrogen mitigates methadone antinociceptive response, facilitates methadone catabolism and up‐regulates methadone‐associated metabolizing enzymes. Oestrogen also ablates chronic methadone administration‐induced rewarding response. Mechanism dissection revealed the CC genotype of CYP2B6‐ERE‐SNP exerts higher ERE sequence alignment score, higher estrogenic response as compared to TT genotype. At last, preclinical study via targeting estrogen signal that tamoxifen (TMX; selective estrogen receptor modulator, SERM) could facilitate the tolerance phase rewarding response of methadone. Strikingly, TMX also reduces tapering/abstinence phases methadone liability in mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates altering methadone metabolism through targeting estrogen signals might be able to free morphine addictive patients from the addiction of opioid replacement therapy. Therefore, the add‐on therapy clinical trial introducing SERM in MMT regimen is suggested.