bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peer support for carers of people with dementia
Authors: Chappell Mike , Zdanowska Jane , Cashmore Jane , Oliver Gill , Cooper Joanna 
Published: March 2017

Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to describe the development of Compass workers: a commissioned peer support model to support those caring for someone with dementia.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper offers a descriptive summary of how Compass workers came to be and is informed by consultations with key stakeholders and a service evaluation encompassing both quantitative and qualitative aspects.

Findings
The findings suggest that it is possible to make use of a peer support model to support those caring for someone with dementia in the context of support being provided to the cared for by statutory services. Both quantitative and qualitative data supported improvements in the quality of life for carers.

Originality/value
Both health and social care are facing increasing pressures. This paper offers a positive approach to addressing these pressures utilising a peer support model to support carers that may be of value to others facing similar challenges.
A multi‐azimuth seismic refraction study for a horizontal transverse isotropic medium: physical modelling results
Authors: Tseng Cheng‐Wei , Chang Young‐Fo , Liu Jia‐Wei , Lin Chao‐Ming 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTTo investigate the characteristics of the anisotropic stratum, a multi‐azimuth seismic refraction technique is proposed in this study since the travel time anomaly of the refraction wave induced by this anisotropic stratum will be large for a far offset receiver. To simplify the problem, a two‐layer (isotropy–horizontal transverse isotropy) model is considered. A new travel time equation of the refracted P‐wave propagation in this two‐layer model is derived, which is the function of the phase and group velocities of the horizontal transverse isotropic stratum. In addition, the measured refraction wave velocity in the physical model experiment is the group velocity. The isotropic intercept time equation of a refraction wave can be directly used to estimate the thickness of the top (isotropic) layer of the two‐layer model because the contrast between the phase and group velocities of the horizontal transverse isotropic medium is seldom greater than 10% in the Earth. If the contrast between the phase and group velocities of an anisotropic medium is small, the approximated travel time equation of a refraction wave is obtained. This equation is only dependent on the group velocity of the horizontal transverse isotropic stratum. The elastic constants A11, A13, and A33 and the Thomsen anisotropic parameter ε of the horizontal transverse isotropic stratum can be estimated using this multi‐azimuth seismic refraction technique. Furthermore, under a condition of weak anisotropy, the Thomsen anisotropic parameter δ of the horizontal transverse isotropic stratum can be estimated by this technique as well.
Time‐phase amplitude spectra based on a modified short‐time Fourier transform
Authors: Zhang Gulan 
Published: March 2017

ABSTRACTThe short‐time Fourier transform allows calculation of the amplitude and initial phase distribution of the real signal as functions of time and frequency, whereas the wavelet transform allows calculation of the amplitude and instantaneous phase distribution of the real signal as functions of time and scale. However, for a complete description of the non‐stationary signal, we should obtain not only the amplitude, initial phase, and instantaneous phase distribution as functions of time and frequency simultaneously with high precision but also the amplitude distribution as a function of time and phase referred to as the time–phase amplitude spectrum. In this paper, the time–phase amplitude spectrum is presented based on the high‐precision time–frequency amplitude spectrum and initial and instantaneous phase spectra that are generated simultaneously by the proposed modified short‐time Fourier transform. To minimise the effect of noise on the high‐precision time–frequency amplitude spectrum, initial and instantaneous phase spectra, and time–phase amplitude spectrum, the modified short‐time Fourier transform is applied to the real signal reconstructed by the peak high‐precision time–frequency amplitude spectrum and the high‐precision time–frequency instantaneous phase spectrum at that location to obtain the stable high‐precision time–frequency amplitude spectrum, initial and instantaneous phase spectra, and stable time–phase amplitude spectrum. Compared with the short‐time Fourier transform and wavelet transform, the time–frequency amplitude spectrum and initial and instantaneous phase spectra obtained by the modified short‐time Fourier transform have higher precision than those obtained by the short‐time Fourier transform and wavelet transform. Analysis of synthetic data shows that the modified short‐time Fourier transform can be used not only for the calculation of the high‐precision time–frequency amplitude spectrum, initial and instantaneous phase spectra, and time–phase amplitude spectrum but also for signal reconstruction, stable high‐precision time–frequency amplitude spectrum, initial and instantaneous phase spectra, and stable time–phase amplitude spectrum. Analysis of real seismic data applications demonstrates that the stable time–phase amplitude spectrum reveals seismic events with high sensitivity and is well‐matched for seismic data processing and interpretation.
Dietetic and educational interventions improve clinical outcomes of diabetic and obese clients with mental impairment
Authors: Hunt Kerri , Stiller Kathy 
Published: March 2017

AimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dietetic and educational interventions provided to clients with type 2 diabetes (with or without obesity) or obesity‐only residing in supported residential facilities and characterised by mental impairment.MethodsA retrospective audit involving the retrieval of information from medical records and databases was undertaken to evaluate the effect of dietetic and educational interventions. Clinical outcomes were weight, body mass index and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) levels.ResultsA total of 91 clients were included, 47 with type 2 diabetes (with or without obesity) and 44 with obesity‐only. All but one had schizophrenia, an intellectual disability or another psychological condition. After interventions, the diabetic subgroup demonstrated significant decreases in weight (mean [SD] initial = 101.5 [20.7], final = 97.8 [20.6] kg, P = 0.001) and body mass index (mean [SD] initial = 35.8 [8.1], final = 34.4 [7.8] kg/m2, P = 0.001) and a non‐significant decrease in HbA1c over time. The obesity‐only subgroup showed no significant change in outcomes. Factors significantly negatively impacting at least one outcome included the presence of schizophrenia (P ≤ 0.017) and refusal of intervention(s) (P ≤ 0.048), whereas a significant positive impact was seen for a greater total number of visits to a dietitian or diabetes educator (P ≤ 0.024).ConclusionsThese results provide evidence to support the effectiveness of dietetic and educational interventions for this vulnerable client group.
Endometriosis education in schools: A New Zealand model examining the impact of an education program in schools on early recognition of symptoms suggesting endometriosis
Authors: Bush Deborah , Brick Emily , East Michael C , Johnson Neil 
Published: March 2017

BackgroundMenstrual morbidity plays a significant role in adolescent females' lives. There are no studies to date reporting such data from menstrual health education programs in schools.AimsThe aim of our study was to report results from an audit of a menstrual health and endometriosis education program in secondary schools and observe age patterns of young women presenting for menstrual morbidity care.Materials and methodsAudit data from education in secondary schools and audit data of patients from an Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain Coaching clinic operating in a private endometriosis specialised centre are reported.ResultsIn a region of consistent delivery of the education program, student awareness of endometriosis was 32% in 2015. Overall in 2015, 13% of students experienced distressing menstrual symptoms and 27% of students sometimes or always missed school due to menstrual symptoms. Further, in one region of consistent delivery of the menstrual health education program, data show an increase in younger patients attending for specialised endometriosis care.ConclusionsThere is strong suggestive evidence that consistent delivery of a menstrual health education program in schools increases adolescent student awareness of endometriosis. In addition, there is suggestive evidence that in a geographical area of consistent delivery of the program, a shift in earlier presentation of young women to a specialised health service is observed.
Ultrasound is an effective and noninvasive method of evaluating renal swelling in infants with their first urinary tract infection
Authors: Simrén Y , Stokland E , Lagerstrand K M , Valdimarsson S , Hansson S 
Published: March 2017

AbstractAimThis study evaluated renal swelling in infants with a first urinary tract infection (UTI) by correlating renal length and volume with C‐reactive protein (CRP) and body temperature.MethodsUltrasounds were carried out on 104 infants at The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden – 58 boys (mean age 3.3 months) and 46 girls (mean age 4.8 months) – during the acute phase of their UTI. A second scan was performed on 94 of them 4 weeks later. Renal length and volume were computed to standard deviation scores (SDS).ResultsThe mean renal length and volume at the first ultrasound were 1.90 SDS (±1.54) and 1.67 SDS (±1.13) for the larger kidney and 0.86 SDS (±1.01) and 0.84 SDS (±0.90) for the smaller kidney. There was a significant decrease in renal length and volume between the two ultrasounds, with a mean difference of 0.96 SDS (±1.24) and 1.07 SDS (±1.10) for the larger kidney (p < 0.0001). The length and volume of the larger kidney correlated with CRP (p < 0.001), but only the renal length correlated with fever (p < 0.001).ConclusionEarly ultrasound determined renal swelling in infants with a UTI and may be a valuable noninvasive way of identifying infants with renal parenchymal involvement.
Patterns of Early‐Life Social and Environmental Exposures and Child Cognitive Development, Rhea Birth Cohort, Crete, Greece
Authors: Kampouri Mariza , Kyriklaki Andriani , Roumeliotaki Theano , Koutra Katerina , Anousaki Despoina , Sarri Katerina , Vassilaki Maria , Kogevinas Manolis , Chatzi Leda 
Published: March 2017

Early‐life exposures are critical for later child cognitive development. McCarthy Scales of Children's Abilities (MSCA) were used to assess cognitive development of 700 preschoolers (Mage = 4.2 years), derived from the “Rhea” birth cohort, in Greece. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on prospectively collected exposure data. Six components were extracted; five of them were associated with child cognition. Higher parental social status, preschool attendance and less TV watching, nonsmoking during pregnancy and breastfeeding, and parental involvement in child life were protective factors of child cognition at 4 years. Increased child birth order was negatively associated with child cognition. Offspring's size at birth was not associated with any cognitive outcome. These findings reveal the importance of early‐life exposures to child cognitive development.
Institutional life within an entrepreneurial region
Authors: Lowe Nichola J. , Feldman Maryann P. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractInstitutions are often regarded as static and unchanging, portrayed as constraints on innovation, entrepreneurship, and regional economic change. We propose an alternative perspective in order to understand how entrepreneurs experience and engage with institutions in ways that shape and help advance their collective interests. Motivated by our own research on regional entrepreneurial development, we theorize institutions as lived and interpreted experiences. We present institutional change as a creative and experimental response to emergent or competing logics. This conception of institutions has implications for how we theorize about economic transformation, recognizing that processes of institutional change are set in motion by endogenous attempts by economic actors to make sense of and act upon contradictory aspects of their varied institutional lives.
Development and evaluation of chitosan and its derivative for the shelf life extension of beef meat under refrigeration storage
Authors: Khan Imran , Tango Charles Nkufi , Oh Deog‐Hwan 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe current study was aimed to study the shelf life of beef meat at refrigeration storage using novel chitosan derivative (Ch‐D). Chitosan was modified with antimicrobial monomethyl fumaric acid (MFA). The chemical structure of the resulting material was characterized by FT‐IR and HR‐XRD. The results confirmed the successful synthesis of conjugate sample. For the shelf life study, following lots were used: control (distilled water), chitosan 0.5%, Ch‐D 0.5%. The samples were kept at 4 °C for 16 days and analyzed at 4‐day intervals. Ch‐D treatment significantly reduced the total viable counts, enterobacteriaceae, lactic acid bacteria, psychrotrophic bacteria, and yeasts–moulds when compared with the chitosan and control during refrigeration storage. The peroxide value (PV) for Ch‐D was 0.19 ± 0.04 meq O2 kg−1 fat and chitosan was 0.21 ± 0.07 meq O2 kg−1 fat and showed no significant difference (P < 0.05) at the end of the storage. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARs) value for Ch‐D was 0.48 ± 0.02 mg MDA kg−1 and chitosan was 0.57 ± 0.09 mg MDA kg−1, while the carbonyl contents for Ch‐D was 3.16 ± 0.23 nm mg−1 protein and chitosan was 3.11 ± 0.16 nm mg−1 protein at 16 days of storage. Values for Ch‐D and chitosan treatments were significantly lower (P < 0.05) for all the quality attributes as compared with the control throughout storage. At the end of storage, Ch‐D treatment showed a significant increase (P < 0.05) in lightness (L* = 41.54 ± 0.09) and yellowness (b* = 2.23 ± 0.04). The redness for control was high (a* = 6.12 ± 0.09) as compared with the treated samples. Based primarily on microbial counts, Ch‐D treatment extended the shelf life of beef meat by about 8 days, maintaining acceptable quality attributes.
Critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines for adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia
Authors: Nasr Ziad G , Abu Yousef Safae , Jibril Farah , Wilby Kyle J 
Published: March 2017

AbstractObjectivesTo critically appraise published international clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for management of febrile neutropenia in adult patients with cancer and to determine opportunities for improved development and reporting.MethodsA literature search identified CPGs for adult cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Four independent assessors evaluated each included CPG according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument. Standardized scores were calculated for each guideline and polled collectively. Reliability of assessment was determined using a two-way random model intraclass correlation coefficients.Key findingsEight CPGs were independently evaluated by four assessors. Collectively, the highest scoring domain was editorial independence (83.3), followed by clarity of presentation (55.4), scope and purpose (53.4), stakeholder involvement (53.1), rigour of development (52.7) and applicability (47.8). Overall assessments ranged from 28.6 to 96.4 of 100 possible points. Three (37.5%) guidelines were recommended for use without alterations, two (25%) guidelines were recommended with alterations, and three (37.5%) guidelines were not recommended for implementation into practice. Reliability varied between guidelines with intraclass correlation coefficients ranging from 0.41 to 0.82.ConclusionsClinical practice guidelines for febrile neutropenia in adult patients with cancer were moderately rated with a 37.5% of guidelines being recommended for use in practice. Guideline developers should focus on improving CPG applicability and rigour in the development and reporting processes. Critical appraisal of guidelines should become a standard practice prior to implementation into clinical settings.
Antecedents of patients’ trust in pharmacists: empirical investigation in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Siddiqua Ayisha , Kareem Abdul Waheed , Ayan Shatha , Al Azm Lamis , Ali Sara 
Published: March 2017

Abstract

Objectives
To empirically identify the antecedents that influence patients trust in pharmacists.

Methods
A survey was conducted among 500 patients who visited community pharmacies in Al Ain City, United Arab Emirates. The questionnaire included the measures for constructs such as patients’ perception of pharmacist communication, pharmacists’ technical competence, medication self-efficacy, satisfaction with pharmacy and trust in pharmacists.

Key findings
The data were analysed using partial least-squares structural equation modelling approach to check the validity and reliability of the measures and to validate the proposed hypotheses of the study. Pharmacist communication, pharmacists’ technical competence, satisfaction with pharmacy and patients’ medication self-efficacy were found to significantly influence patients’ trust in pharmacists.

Conclusion
This study is the first one that has empirically identified the antecedents of trust in pharmacists. The study has established that patients’ perception of pharmacist communication and pharmacists’ technical competence positively influence trust in pharmacists as antecedents but not constitute trust itself as had been found in the previous research. Apart from enhancing pharmacists’ technical competence and communication, the pharmacy organizations and policymakers should improve patients’ satisfaction with pharmacy and patients’ medication self-efficacy to enhance patients’ trust in pharmacists.
Endogenous Insolvency in the Rothschild–Stiglitz Model
Authors: Mimra Wanda , Wambach Achim 
Published: March 2017

AbstractEven 30 years after Rothschild and Stiglitz's () seminal work on competitive insurance markets with adverse selection, existence and characterization of the equilibrium outcome are still an open issue. We model a basic extension to the Rothschild and Stiglitz () model: we endogenize up‐front capital of insurers. Under limited liability, low up‐front capital gives rise to an aggregate endogenous insolvency risk, which introduces an externality among customers of an insurer (Faynzilberg, 2006). It is shown that an equilibrium with the second‐best efficient Miyazaki–Wilson–Spence allocation always exists.
Access to Transportation and Health Care Visits for Medicaid Enrollees With Diabetes
Authors: Thomas Leela V. , Wedel Kenneth R. , Christopher Jan E. 
Published: March 2017

AbstractPurposeDiabetes is a chronic condition that requires frequent health care visits for its management. Individuals without nonemergency medical transportation often miss appointments and do not receive optimal care. This study aims to evaluate the association between Medicaid‐provided nonemergency medical transportation and diabetes care visits.MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted of demographic and claims data obtained from the Oklahoma Medicaid program. Participants consisted of Medicaid enrollees with diabetes who made at least 1 visit for diabetes care in a year. The sample was predominantly female and white, with an average age of 46.38 years. Two zero‐truncated Poisson regression models were estimated to assess the independent effect of transportation use on number of diabetes care visits.FindingsUse of nonemergency medical transportation is a significant predictor of diabetes care visits. Zero‐truncated Poisson regression coefficients showed a positive association between the use of transportation and number of visits (0.6563,P< .001). Age, gender, race/ethnicity, area of residence, and presence of additional chronic conditions had independent associations with number of visits. Older enrollees were likely to make more visits than younger enrollees with diabetes (0.02382); controlling for all other factors in the model, rural residents made more visits than urban; women made fewer visits than men (‐0.09312;P< .001); and minorities made fewer visits than whites, with pronounced differences for Hispanics and Asians compared to whites.ConclusionsFindings underscore the importance of ensuring transportation to Medicaid populations with diabetes, particularly in the rural areas where the prevalence of diabetes and complications are higher and the availability of medical resources lower than in the urban areas.
Anti‐thymocyte serum as part of an immunosuppressive regimen in treating haematological immune‐mediated diseases in dogs
Authors: Cuq B. , Blois S. L. , Mathews K. A. 
Published: March 2017

ObjectivesTo report the outcomes associated with the use of rabbit anti‐dog thymocyte serum in dogs with haematological immune‐mediated diseases.MethodsMedical records from 2000 to 2016 of patients diagnosed with immune‐mediated haemolytic anaemia, immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia, pancytopenia and myelofibrosis were reviewed. All dogs had a severe or refractory disease and received rabbit anti‐dog thymocyte serum. Lymphocyte counts were used to monitor the immediate anti‐thymocyte effect of therapy; long‐term patient outcome was recorded.ResultsA total of 10 dogs were included. All dogs except one had a notable decrease in their lymphocyte count after rabbit anti‐dog thymocyte serum; four of nine had a decrease to less than 10% of the initial lymphocyte count and one dog reached 10·8%. All dogs were discharged from the hospital following their treatment. The dog with no alteration of lymphocyte count following therapy with rabbit anti‐dog thymocyte serum had refractory immune mediated haemolytic anemia and was euthanised within two weeks. All other cases achieved clinical remission with immunosuppressive therapy eventually being tapered (3 of 10) or discontinued (6 of 10).Clinical SignificanceRabbit anti‐dog thymocyte serum therapy might be of interest as an adjunctive therapy in refractory immune‐mediated diseases and suppressed lymphocyte counts in most dogs.
The effect on sleep of being on‐call: an experimental field study
Authors: Ziebertz Carla M. , Beckers Debby G. J. , Van Hooff Madelon L. M. , Kompier Michiel A. J. , Geurts Sabine A. E. 
Published: March 2017

SummaryThe aim of this study was to: (i) gain more insight into the relationship between being on‐call and sleep and (ii) investigate the role of stress in this relationship. Data were collected by means of an experimental field study with a within‐subject design (two conditions, random order). Ninety‐six students participated during two consecutive nights: a reference night and a simulated on‐call night without an actual call. Participants were told they could be called at any time during the on‐call night. In the case of a call, participants had to perform online tasks for approximately 30 min. Self‐reported sleep quality and the extent to which participants experienced stress during the on‐call period were assessed by means of short questionnaires. Actigraphy was used to obtain objective sleep measures. Results for actigraphy data revealed no significant within‐person differences between conditions. However, participants reported longer sleep onset latencies, more awakenings and more wake after sleep onset during the on‐call night than during the reference night. They also reported more sleep problems and a lower overall sleep quality, and felt less recuperated after the on‐call night. Perceived stress moderated the relationship between being on‐call, on one hand, and the number of awakenings, wake after sleep onset, sleep problems and overall sleep quality, on the other hand. Results show that, even in the absence of an actual call, sleep during on‐call nights is of lower quality and has less restorative value – especially when being on‐call is experienced as stressful.