bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Active tectonics around the junction of Southwest Japan and Ryukyu arcs: Control by subducting plate geometry and pre‐Quaternary geologic structure
Authors: Okamura Yukinobu 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe origin of active faults in the Inner zone of the western part of Southwest Japan was explained by a decrease of the minimum principal stress and reactivation of ancient geologic structures. Although the E–W maximum principal stress in Southwest Japan due to the collision of the Southwest and Northeast Japan arcs along the Itoigawa–Shizuoka Tectonic Line is assumed to decrease westward, the density of active strike‐slip faults increases in the western margin of the Southwest Japan Arc (western Chugoku and northern Kyushu) where the subducting Philippine Sea Plate dips steeply. The E–W maximum compressional stress is predominant throughout Southwest Japan, while the N–S minimum principal stress that is presumably caused by coupling between Southwest Japan arc and Philippine Sea Plate decreases due to the weak plate coupling as the plate inclination increases under the western margin of Southwest Japan. The increase of the fault density in the western margin of the arc is attributed to a decrease of the minimum principal stress and consequent increase of shear stress. Low slip rates of the active faults in this region support the view that the westward increase of fault density is not a response to increasing maximum stress. These faults of onshore and offshore lie in three distinct domains defined on the basis of fault strike. They are defined domains I, II, and III which are composed of active faults striking ENE–WSW, NW–SE, and NE–SW, respectively. Faulting in domains I, II, and III is related to Miocene rift basins, Eocene normal faults, and Mesozoic strike‐slip faults, respectively. Although these active faults are strike‐slip faults due to E–W maximum stress, it is unclear whether their fault planes are the same as those of pre‐Quaternary dip‐slip faults.
Pneumonia and influenza hospitalizations among children under 5 years of age in Suzhou, China, 2005–2011
Authors: Zhang Xiyan , Zhang Jun , Chen Liling , Feng Luzhao , Yu Hongjie , Zhao Genming , Zhang Tao 
Published: July 2016

BackgroundThe disease burden of influenza among children in China has not been well described.ObjectiveTo estimate the influenza‐associated excess hospitalization rate and compare the hospitalization length and costs between pneumonia and influenza (P&I) and other community‐acquired diseases (CAD) in Suzhou, China.MethodsWe retrospectively collected hospital discharge data on pediatric patients' discharge diagnosis, hospital costs, and length of hospital stay in Suzhou. P&I hospitalization was defined as a primary discharge diagnosis of pneumonia and influenza disease (ICD‐10 codes J09–J18). Other CAD were common community‐acquired diseases among children. Negative binomial regression models were used to estimate the weekly P&I hospitalizations in Suzhou. Excess P&I hospitalizations due to influenza were calculated as the difference in P&I hospitalizations between the epidemic period and the baseline period. Baseline was defined as when the influenza‐positive rates were <5% for two consecutive weeks.ResultsFrom October 2005 to September 2011, we identified a total of 180 091 all‐cause hospitalizations among children <5 years of age in Suzhou City. The rates of P&I and influenza‐associated excess hospitalizations were highest in the 2009–2010 pandemic and 2010–2011 post‐pandemic seasons. Infants <6 months of age had the highest P&I hospitalization rates, the longest hospital stays (7.5–8.0 days), and the highest hospitalization costs for P&I. Compared with other CAD, children admitted for P&I had longer hospital stays and higher hospitalization costs.ConclusionsThe influenza‐associated P&I hospitalization rates and economic burden were high among children. Targeted influenza prevention and control strategies for young children in Suzhou may reduce the influenza‐associated hospitalizations in this age group.
Towards a Dynamic Approach to Urban Metabolism: Tracing the Temporal Evolution of Brussels’ Urban Metabolism from 1970 to 2010
Authors: Athanassiadis Aristide , Bouillard Philippe , Crawford Robert H. , Khan Ahmed Z. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryUrban metabolism (UM) is a way of characterizing the flows of materials and energy through and within cities. It is based on a comparison of cities to living organisms, which, like cities, require energy and matter flows to function and which generate waste during the mobilization of matter. Over the last 40 years, this approach has been applied in numerous case studies. Because of the data‐intensive nature of a UM study, however, this methodology still faces some challenges. One such challenge is that most UM studies only present macroscopic results on either energy, water, or material flows at a particular point in time. This snapshot of a particular flow does not allow the tracing back of the flow's evolution caused by a city's temporal dynamics. To better understand the temporal dynamics of a UM, this article first presents the UM for Brussels Capital Region for 2010, including energy, water, material, and pollution flows. A temporal evaluation of these metabolic flows, as well as some urban characteristics starting from the seminal study of Duvigneaud and Denayer‐De Smet in the early 1970s to 2010, is then carried out. This evolution shows that Brussels electricity, natural gas, and water use increased by 160%, 400%, and 15%, respectively, over a period of 40 years, whereas population only increased by 1%. The effect of some urban characteristics on the UM is then briefly explored. Finally, this article succinctly compares the evolution of Brussels’ UM with those of Paris, Vienna, Barcelona, and Hong Kong and concludes by describing further research pathways that enable a better understanding of the complex functioniong of UM over time.
Eyewitness recall and suggestibility in individuals with Down syndrome
Authors: Collins D. , Henry L. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractBackgroundMany criminal justice professionals perceive the eyewitness skills of individuals with intellectual disabilities to be weaker than those of typically developing (TD) individuals. Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common genetic causes of intellectual disabilities, yet there is no research addressing eyewitness skills in this population. This study examined the eyewitness recall and suggestibility of young people with DS.MethodYoung people with DS and mental age‐matched TD children viewed a video of a non‐violent petty crime and were subsequently asked to freely recall the event before being asked general and specific questions incorporating both misleading and non‐leading prompts.ResultsCompared with mental age‐matched TD individuals, young people with DS produced as much information, were just as accurate and were no more suggestible.ConclusionsThe eyewitness memory skills of young people with DS are comparable to those of mental age‐matched TD children. The implications of these findings for the forensic context and eyewitness memory are discussed.
Cell death caused by the synergistic effects of zinc and dopamine is mediated by a stress sensor gene Gadd45b – implication in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Yang Tien‐Chun , Wu Pei‐Chun , Chung I‐Fang , Jiang Jhih‐Hang , Fann Ming‐Ji , Kao Lung‐Sen 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is not completely understood, Zinc (Zn2+) and dopamine (DA) have been shown to involve in the degeneration of dopaminergic cells. By microarray analysis, we identified Gadd45b as a candidate molecule that mediates Zn2+ and DA‐induced cell death; the mRNA and protein levels of Gadd45b are increased by Zn2+ treatment and raised to an even higher level by Zn2+ plus DA treatment. Zn2+ plus DA treatment‐induced PC12 cell death was enhanced when there was over‐expression of Gadd45b and was decreased by knock down of Gadd45b. MAPK p38 and JNK signaling was able to cross‐talk with Gadd45b during Zn2+ and DA treatment. The synergistic effects of Zn2+ and DA on PC12 cell death can be accounted for by an activation of the Gadd45b‐induced cell death pathway and an inhibition of p38/JNK survival pathway. Furthermore, the in vivo results show that the levels of Gadd45b protein expression and phosphorylation of p38 were increased in the substantia nigra by the infusion of Zn2+/DA in the mouse brain and the level of Gadd45b mRNA is significantly higher in the substantia nigra of male PD patients than normal controls. The novel role of Gadd45b and its interactions with JNK and p38 will help our understanding of the pathogenesis of PD and help the development of future treatments for PD.
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Zinc and dopamine are implicated in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. We previously demonstrated that zinc and dopamine induced synergistic effects on PC12 cell death. Results from this study show that these synergistic effects can be accounted for by activation of the Gadd45b‐induced cell death pathway and inhibition of the p38/JNK survival pathway. We provide in vitro and in vivo evidence to support a novel role for Gadd45b in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease.
Fas apoptosis inhibitory molecules: more than death‐receptor antagonists in the nervous system
Authors: Planells‐Ferrer Laura , Urresti Jorge , Coccia Elena , Galenkamp Koen M. O. , Calleja‐Yagüe Isabel , López‐Soriano Joaquín , Carriba Paulina , Barneda‐Zahonero Bruna , Segura Miguel F. , Comella Joan X. 
Published: July 2016

AbstractThe importance of death receptor (DR) signaling in embryonic development and physiological homeostasis is well established, as is the existence of several molecules that modulate DRs function, among them Fas Apoptotis Inhibitory Molecules. Although FAIM1, FAIM2, and FAIM3 inhibit Fas‐induced cell death, they are not structurally related, nor do they share expression patterns. Moreover, they inhibit apoptosis through completely different mechanisms. FAIM1 and FAIM2 protect neurons from DR‐induced apoptosis and are involved in neurite outgrowth and neuronal plasticity. FAIM1 inhibits Fas ligand‐ and tumor necrosis factor alpha‐induced apoptosis by direct interaction with Fas receptor and through the stabilization of levels of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein, a potent anti‐apoptotic protein that inhibits caspases. Low FAIM1 levels are found in Alzheimer's disease, thus sensitizing neurons to tumor necrosis factor alpha and prompting neuronal loss. FAIM2 protects from Fas by direct interaction with Fas receptor, as well as by modulating calcium release at the endoplasmic reticulum through interaction with Bcl‐xL. Several studies prove the role of FAIM2 in diseases of the nervous system, such as ischemia, bacterial meningitis, and neuroblastoma. The less characterized member of the FAIM family is FAIM3, which is expressed in tissues of the digestive and urinary tracts, bone marrow and testes, and restricted to the cerebellum in the nervous system. FAIM3 protects against DR‐induced apoptosis by inducing the expression of other DR‐antagonists such as CFLAR or through the interaction with the DR‐adaptor protein Fas‐associated via death domain. FAIM3 null mouse models reveal this protein as an important mediator of inflammatory autoimmune responses such as those triggered in autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Given the differences between FAIMs and the variety of processes in which they are involved, here we sought to provide a concise review about these molecules and their roles in the physiology and pathology of the nervous system.
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Even though they share name and inhibit Fas‐induced cell death, Fas apoptotic inhibitory molecules (FAIMs) are not structurally related and inhibit apoptosis through completely different mechanisms. In this review, we describe FAIM1, FAIM2, and FAIM3 functions in the nervous system, and their implication in diverse pathologies such as neurodegenerative disease, cancer, or autoimmune diseases.
Developmental dynamics of occipital and cervical somites
Authors: Maschner Anja , Krück Stefanie , Draga Margarethe , Pröls Felicitas , Scaal Martin 
Published: July 2016

AbstractDevelopment of somites leading to somite compartments, sclerotome, dermomyotome and myotome, has been intensely investigated. Most knowledge on somite development, including the commonly used somite maturation stages, is based on data from somites at thoracic and lumbar levels. Potential regional differences in somite maturation dynamics have been indicated by a number of studies, but have not yet been comprehensively examined. Here, we present an overview on the developmental dynamics of somites at occipital and cervical levels in the chicken embryo. We show that in these regions, the onset of sclerotomal and myotomal compartment formation is later than at thoracolumbar levels, and is initiated simultaneously in multiple somites, which is in contrast to the serial cranial‐ to‐ caudal progression of somite maturation in the trunk. Our data suggest a variant spatiotemporal regulation of somite development in occipitocervical somites.
An interactive ICT platform for early assessment and management of patient‐reported concerns among older adults living in ordinary housing – development and feasibility
Authors: Algilani Samal , Langius‐Eklöf Ann , Kihlgren Annica , Blomberg Karin 
Published: July 2016

Aims and objectivesTo develop and test feasibility and acceptability of an interactive ICT platform integrated in a tablet for collecting and managing patient‐reported concerns of older adults in home care.BackgroundUsing different ICT applications, for example interactive tablets for self‐assessment of health and health issues based on health monitoring as well as other somatic and psychiatric monitoring systems may improve quality of life, staff and patient communication and feelings of being reassured. The European Commission hypothesises that introduction of ICT applications to the older population will enable improved health. However, evidence‐based and user‐based applications are scarce.DesignThe design is underpinned by the Medical Research Council's complex intervention evaluation framework. A mixed‐method approach was used combining interviews with older adults and healthcare professionals, and logged quantitative data.MethodsIn cooperation with a health management company, a platform operated by an interactive application for reporting and managing health‐related problems in real time was developed. Eight older adults receiving home care were recruited to test feasibility. They were equipped with the application and reported three times weekly over four weeks, and afterwards interviewed about their experiences. Three nurses caring for them were interviewed. The logged data were extracted as a coded file.ResultsThe older adults reported as instructed, in total 107 reports (Mean 13). The most frequent concerns were pain, fatigue and dizziness. The older adults experienced the application as meaningful with overall positive effects as well as potential benefits for the nurses involved.ConclusionsThe overall findings in this study indicated high feasibility among older adults using the ICT platform. The study's results support further development of the platform, as well as tests in full‐scale studies and in other populations.Relevance to clinical practiceAn ICT platform increased the older adults' perception of involvement and facilitated communication between the patient and nurses.
Effects of defaunation and dietary coconut oil distillate on fermentation, digesta kinetics and methane production of Brahman heifers
Authors: Nguyen S. H. , Hegarty R. S. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryA 2 × 2 factorial experiment was conducted to assess the effects of presence or absence of rumen protozoa and of dietary coconut oil distillate (COD) supplementation on rumen fermentation characteristics, digesta kinetics and methane production in Brahman heifers. Twelve Brahman heifers were selected to defaunate, with 6 being subsequently refaunated. After defaunation and refaunation, heifers were randomly allocated to COD supplement or no supplement treatments while fed an oaten chaff‐based diet. Methane production (MP; 94.17 v 104.72 g CH4/d) and methane yield [MY; 19.45 v 21.64 g CH4/kg dry matter intake (DMI)] were reduced in defaunated heifers compared with refaunated heifers when measured at 5 weeks after refaunation treatment (p < 0.01). Supplement of COD similarly reduced MP and MY (89.36 v 109.53 g/d and 18.46 v 22.63 g/kg DMI, respectively; p < 0.01), and there were no significant interactions of defaunation and COD effects on rumen fermentation or methane emissions. Concentration of total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and molar proportions of acetate, propionate and butyrate was not affected by defaunation or by COD. Microbial crude protein (MCP; g/d) outflow was increased by defaunation (p < 0.01) in the absence of COD but was unaffected by defaunation in COD‐supplemented heifers. There was a tendency towards a greater average daily gain (ADG) in defaunated heifers (p = 0.09), but COD did not increase ADG (p > 0.05). The results confirmed that defaunation and COD independently reduced enteric MP even though the reduced emissions were achieved without altering rumen fermentation VFA levels or gut digesta kinetics.
Sleep deprivation increases formation of false memory
Authors: Lo June C. , Chong Pearlynne L. H. , Ganesan Shankari , Leong Ruth L. F. , Chee Michael W. L. 
Published: July 2016

SummaryRetrieving false information can have serious consequences. Sleep is important for memory, but voluntary sleep curtailment is becoming more rampant. Here, the misinformation paradigm was used to investigate false memory formation after 1 night of total sleep deprivation in healthy young adults (N = 58, mean age ± SD = 22.10 ± 1.60 years; 29 males), and 7 nights of partial sleep deprivation (5 h sleep opportunity) in these young adults and healthy adolescents (N = 54, mean age ± SD = 16.67 ± 1.03 years; 25 males). In both age groups, sleep‐deprived individuals were more likely than well‐rested persons to incorporate misleading post‐event information into their responses during memory retrieval (P < 0.050). These findings reiterate the importance of adequate sleep in optimal cognitive functioning, reveal the vulnerability of adolescents' memory during sleep curtailment, and suggest the need to assess eyewitnesses' sleep history after encountering misleading information.
Effects of Dietary Taurine on the Growth, Digestive Enzymes, and Antioxidant Capacity in Juvenile Sea Cucumber, Apostichopus japonicus
Authors: Zhao Yancui , Zhang Qin , Yuan Lei , Liu Xueqian 
Published: July 2016

AbstractTaurine has been widely used as a growth‐ or health‐promoting additive in aquatic animals because of its multiple functions, while little work has been done on its effects on sea cucumbers, in spite of the occurrence of serious diseases. In this study, juvenile sea cucumbers (4.68 ± 0.04 g) were fed diets supplemented with taurine at 0% (control), 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2% for 8 wk. At the end of an 8‐wk feeding trial, growth performance of sea cucumbers was not significantly affected by dietary taurine (P > 0.05). However, dietary taurine significantly elevated intestinal lipase activities of sea cucumbers (P < 0.05). Intestinal amylase activity and trypsin activity in sea cucumbers did not show significant changes after animals were fed diets supplemented with taurine (P > 0.05). Dietary taurine at all five dosages significantly increased total antioxidant capacity in sea cucumbers, while superoxide dismutase activity in groups with dietary taurine at 0.25 and 0.5% was significantly higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Therefore, it appears that taurine could be used as a potential feed additive to confer better health of farmed sea cucumbers.
An Extension of Ausubel's Auction for Heterogeneous Discrete Goods
Authors: İnal Hakan 
Published: July 2016

ABSTRACTAusubel's dynamic private‐values auction for heterogeneous discrete goods, Ausubel (2006), yields an efficient equilibrium outcome but it is designed for a limited class of environments. If bidders’ values for bundles of goods are not integers, then Ausubel's auction may end without allocating goods if no information on bidders’ values is available. In this paper, I extend Ausubel's auction for heterogeneous discrete goods to real‐valued quasilinear utility functions. The mechanism I propose reaches a Walrasian equilibrium price vector in finite ‘steps’ without any additional information on bidders’ values. In the extension of Ausubel's auction, truthful bidding constitutes an efficient equilibrium.
RpoS‐dependent sRNA RgsA regulates Fis and AcpP in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Lu Pei , Wang Yifei , Zhang Yong , Hu Yangbo , Thompson Karl M. , Chen Shiyun 
Published: July 2016

SummaryRgsA is a phylogenetically conserved small regulatory RNA (sRNA) in Pseudomonas species. This sRNA has been shown to be directly controlled by the major stationary phase and stress sigma factor σS (RpoS), and also indirectly regulated by the GacS/GacA two‐component system. However, the role and the regulatory targets of this sRNA remain unclear. Here, two direct regulatory targets of RgsA, the mRNAs coding for the global transcriptional regulator Fis and the acyl carrier protein AcpP, were identified in P. aeruginosa. RgsA downregulates the synthesis of Fis and AcpP by base‐pairing, and this regulation requires the RNA chaperone protein Hfq. Alignment of RgsA homologs in Pseudomonas revealed a conserved core region, which is strictly required for RgsA target recognition. Specifically, RgsA inhibits fis expression via an 11 + 11 bp RNA duplex, whereas this interaction region is not sufficient for repression and the 35 nt downstream region is also required. Interestingly, two functional start codons initiate fis mRNA translation and both are repressed by RgsA. Furthermore, deletion of rgsA significantly increased swarming motility in P. aeruginosa. Together, this study suggests a novel regulatory role of sRNA in which the versatile transcriptional regulator Fis and the stress regulator RpoS are connected by RgsA.