bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ribosomal protein L31 in Escherichia coli contributes to ribosome subunit association and translation, whereas short L31 cleaved by protease 7 reduces both activities
Authors: Ueta Masami , Wada Chieko , Bessho Yoshitaka , Maeda Maki , Wada Akira 
Published: April 2017

Ribosomes routinely prepared from Escherichia coli strain K12 contain intact (70 amino acids) and short (62 amino acids) forms of ribosomal protein L31. By contrast, ribosomes prepared from ompT mutant cells, which lack protease 7, contain only intact L31, suggesting that L31 is cleaved by protease 7 during ribosome preparation. We compared ribosomal subunit association in wild‐type and ompT − strains. In sucrose density gradient centrifugation under low Mg2+, 70S content was very high in ompT − ribosomes, but decreased in the wild‐type ribosomes containing short L31. In addition, ribosomes lacking L31 failed to associate ribosomal subunits in low Mg2+. Therefore, intact L31 is required for subunit association, and the eight C‐terminal amino acids contribute to the association function. In vitro translation was assayed using three different systems. Translational activities of ribosomes lacking L31 were 40% lower than those of ompT − ribosomes with one copy of intact L31, indicating that L31 is involved in translation. Moreover, in the stationary phase, L31 was necessary for 100S formation. The strain lacking L31 grew very slowly. A structural analysis predicted that the L31 protein spans the 30S and 50S subunits, consistent with the functions of L31 in 70S association, 100S formation, and translation.
Effects of audiovisual distraction in children with special healthcare needs during dental restorations: a randomized crossover clinical trial
Authors: Bagattoni Simone , D'Alessandro Giovanni , Sadotti Agnese , Alkhamis Nadia , Piana Gabriela 
Published: April 2017

BackgroundAudiovisual distraction using video eyeglasses is useful in managing distress and reducing fear and anxiety in healthy children during dental treatments.AimTo evaluate the effect of audiovisual distraction on behavior and self‐reported pain of children with special healthcare needs (SHCN) without intellectual disability during dental restorations and its influence on the operator stress and the time of the appointment.Material and methodsThis randomized controlled crossover trial comprised 48 children with SHCN requiring at least two dental restorations. One restoration was done wearing the video eyeglasses and one wearing conventional behavior management techniques. Subjective and objective pain was evaluated using the Faces Pain Scale – Revised (FPS‐R) and the revised Face, Leg, Activity, Cry, and Consolability scale (r‐FLACC). The operator stress using a VAS, the time of the appointment, and the child satisfaction were recorded.ResultsThe use of video eyeglasses significantly reduced the operator stress. The bivariate analysis showed that the mean FPS‐R score and the mean r‐FLACC score were significantly lower using the video eyeglasses only during the second clinical session.ConclusionAudiovisual distraction could be useful in managing distress in SHCN children without intellectual disability but cannot replace the conventional behavior management techniques.
Strategien und Ziele der Etablierung eines Ringversuchs „Differenzierung von innenraumrelevanten Schimmelpilzen‟
Authors: Gabrio Th. , Dill Ingrid , Fischer G. , Grün L. , Rabe R. , Samson R. , Seidl H.‐P. , Szewzyk Regine , Trautmann Ch. , Warscheid Th. , Weidner Ursula 
Published: April 2017

ZusammenfassungEine internes und externes Qualitätssicherungssystem, das Ringversuche mit einschließt, ist eine Voraussetzung für einen sachgerechten Nachweis und eine entsprechende Bewertung von Schimmelpilzbelastungen in Innenräumen. Dies war der Grund dafür dass der am Landesgesundheitsamt Baden‐Württemberg (LGA BW) angesiedelte Qualitätszirkel „Qualitatssicherung ‐ Schimmelpilze in Innenräumen‟ 2001 einen Ringversuch ‐ Differenzierung innenraumrelevanter Schimmelpilze ‐ etablierte und auf die Notwendigkeit der Qualifizierung der entsprechenden Laboratorien hinwies. Beim Aufbau des Ringversuches liegt das Primat bei der richtigen Identifizierung der Schimmelpilze nach Gattung und Art. Der Quantifizierung kommt eine untergeordnete Bedeutung zu. Auf der Basis von Reinkulturen wurden bisher zwei Ringversuche durchgeführt, an dem sich jeweils ca. 50 Laboratorien beteiligten. Ab dem dritten Ringversuch werden auch reale Proben in das Programm mit aufgenommen. Die Ergebnisse der beiden ersten Ringversuche werden vorgestellt und diskutiert. Eine Internationalisierung des Ringversuchs ist beabsichtigt.
Plasma sprayed nanostructured GdPO4 thermal barrier coatings: Preparation microstructure and CMAS corrosion resistance
Authors: Guo Lei , Li Mingzhu , Cheng Yuxian , Zhang Chenglong , He Sixian , Zhang Yuchen , Ye Fuxing 
Published: April 2017

AbstractNanostructured GdPO4 thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) were prepared by air plasma spraying, and their phase structure evolution and microstructure variation due to calcium–magnesium–alumina–silicate (CMAS) attack have been investigated. The chemical composition of the coating is close to that of the agglomerated particles used for thermal spraying. Nanozones with porous structure are embedded in the coating microstructure, with a percentage of ~30%. CMAS corrosion tests indicated that nanostructured GdPO4 coating is highly resistant to penetration by molten CMAS at 1250°C. Within 1 hour heat treatment duration, a continuous dense reaction layer forms on the coating surface, which are composed of P–Si apatite based on Ca2+xGd8−x(PO4)x(SiO4)6−xO2, anorthite and spinel phases. This layer provides effective prevention against CMAS further infiltration into the coating. Prolonged heat treatment densifies the reaction layer but does not change its phase composition.
Thickness‐dependent domain wall reorientation in 70/30 lead magnesium niobate‐ lead titanate thin films
Authors: Keech Ryan , Morandi Carl , Wallace Margeaux , Esteves Giovanni , Denis Lyndsey , Guerrier Jonathon , Johnson‐Wilke Raegan L. , Fancher Chris M. , Jones Jacob L. , Trolier‐McKinstry Susan 
Published: April 2017

AbstractContinued reduction in length scales associated with many ferroelectric film‐based technologies is contingent on retaining the functional properties as the film thickness is reduced. Epitaxial and polycrystalline lead magnesium niobate‐lead titanate (70PMN‐30PT) thin films were studied over the thickness range of 100‐350 nm for the relative contributions to property thickness dependence from interfacial and grain‐boundary low permittivity layers. Epitaxial PMN‐PT films were grown on SrRuO3/(001)SrTiO3, while polycrystalline films with {001}‐Lotgering factors >0.96 were grown on Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates via chemical solution deposition. Both film types exhibited similar relative permittivities of ~300 at high fields at all measured thicknesses with highly crystalline electrode/dielectric interfaces. These results, with the DC‐biased and temperature‐dependent dielectric characterization, suggest irreversible domain wall mobility is the major contributor to the overall dielectric response and its thickness dependence. In epitaxial films, the irreversible Rayleigh coefficients reduced 85% upon decreasing thickness from 350 to 100 nm. The temperature at which a peak in the relative permittivity is observed was the only measured small signal quantity which was more thickness‐dependent in polycrystalline than epitaxial films. This is attributed to the relaxor nature present in the films, potentially stabilized by defect concentrations, and/or chemical inhomogeneity. Finally, the effective interfacial layers are found to contribute to the measured thickness dependence in the longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient.
The influence of team members on nurses’ perceptions of transgressive behaviour in care relationships: A qualitative study
Authors: Vandecasteele Tina , Van Hecke Ann , Duprez Veerle , Beeckman Dimitri , Debyser Bart , Grypdonck Maria , Verhaeghe Sofie 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimThe aim of this study was to gain insight into the influence of team members in how nurses perceive and address patients’ transgressive behaviour.BackgroundAggression and transgressive behaviour in health care have been a focus of research over the past few decades. Most studies have focused on individual nurses’ experiences with aggression and transgressive behaviour. Literature examining group dynamics in nursing teams and team members’ interactions in handling patients’ transgressive behaviour is scarce.DesignQualitative interview study.MethodsSeven focus‐group interviews and two individual interviews were carried out in 2014‐2016. Twenty‐four nurses were drawn from eight wards in three general hospitals. Interviews were analysed using the constant comparative method influenced by the grounded theory approach.FindingsWhile elaborating how they perceived and addressed transgressive behaviour, nurses disclosed how interactions with team members occurred. Several patterns arose. Nurses talk to one another, excuse one another, fill in for one another, warn one another and protect and safeguard one another. In these patterns in reaction to patients’ transgressive behaviour, implicit group norms transpire, causing nursing teams to acquire their specific identity “as a group”. Consequently, these informal group norms in nursing teams impinge how nurses feel threatened by patients’ potential transgressive behaviour; gain protection from the group of nurses and conform to informal ward rules.ConclusionThe findings of this study can support intervention strategies aimed at supporting nurses and nursing teams in managing patient aggression and transgressive behaviour by identifying and explicating these group dynamics and team members’ interactions.
Experiences of violence and abuse among internally displaced adolescent girls following a natural disaster
Authors: Sloand Elizabeth , Killion Cheryl , Yarandi Hossein , Sharps Phyllis , Lewis‐O'Connor Annie , Hassan Mona , Gary Faye , Cesar Nicole Muller , Campbell Doris 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimTo describe the physical, psychological and sexual violence among internally displaced adolescent girls following the 2010 Haiti earthquake and related risk factors, health concerns and cultural norms.BackgroundThousands of adolescents were displaced following the earthquake, leaving them vulnerable to abuse and violence. Displaced survivors are disproportionately vulnerable to violence after natural and man‐made disasters.DesignA descriptive‐correlational design was used to: (1) describe the extent of violence, health risks and concerns in the displaced adolescent girls; and (2) identify correlations in the strength and magnitude of relationships between selected variables including demographics, risk factors and cultural tolerance of violence.MethodsData were collected from participants using computer‐assisted self‐interviews between 2011–2013 including demographics, pre‐ and post‐earthquake violence, perpetrators, risk factors and health consequences. Analysis included frequency, logistic regression and multiple regression.Results/FindingsA majority reported physical, psychological, or sexual abuse both pre‐ (59%) and post‐ (64.1%) earthquake. Pre‐earthquake, abused adolescents reported the perpetrator as a boyfriend (50%) or family member (30%). Post‐earthquake, 20.5% of physical abuse perpetrators were family members. Pre‐ and post‐earthquake physical and sexual abuse did not change. The risk of being sexually abused post‐earthquake increased after controlling for age and education.ConclusionDisplaced adolescent girls reported similar rates of physical and sexual abuse pre‐ and post‐earthquake. These findings show the importance of preventive policies for adolescent girls in disaster situations in countries with low resources. Social and cultural change is critically needed since abuse was at an unacceptably high rate prior to the earthquake.
The effects of nursing preceptorship on new nurses’ competence, professional socialization, job satisfaction and retention: A systematic review
Authors: Ke Ya‐Ting , Kuo Chia‐Chi , Hung Chich‐Hsiu 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAimsThe aim of this study was to determine the effects of nursing preceptorship on the competence, job satisfaction, professional socialization and retention of new nurses.BackgroundAlthough studies have focused on the effects of nursing preceptorship on new nurses’ competence and retention, a systematic review of the overall effects is lacking.DesignA quantitative systematic review.Data sourcesFive English/Chinese databases were searched for original articles published before June 2015 and only six articles published between 2001–2014 were included in the final analysis.Review methodsJoanna Briggs Methodology was used to process one randomization control trial, one quasi‐experimental study and four observational studies. Two appraisers independently reviewed each study using the standardized critical appraisal tools from the Joanna Briggs Institute.ResultsThe most adopted preceptorship was a fixed preceptor/preceptee model and one‐on‐one for 1–3‐month duration. It showed that new nurses’ overall competence increased significantly due to preceptorship. Only a few studies explored the effects of preceptorship on the job satisfaction and professional socialization of new nurses. Clear conclusions regarding the effect of preceptorship on nurses’ retention rate could not be made because of inconsistent time points for calculation and a lack of control groups in the study design.ConclusionsPreceptorship can improve new nurses’ nursing competence; however, more studies are needed to ascertain its effects on new nurses’ retention rates, job satisfaction and professional socialization to promote nursing care quality and resolve nursing shortages.
Continuous glucose monitoring reveals hypoglycemia risk in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ishikawa Takahiro , Koshizaka Masaya , Maezawa Yoshiro , Takemoto Minoru , Tokuyama Yoshiharu , Saito Toshihiro , Yokote Koutaro 
Published: April 2017

AbstractAims/IntroductionThe incidence of type 2 diabetes is higher in elderly patients, in whom this disease is associated with dementia, falling, stroke and death. We utilized a continuous glucose monitoring device to analyze the relationship between hypoglycemia and diabetes treatments to identify risk factors for hypoglycemia (defined as a blood glucose level <70 mg/dL).Materials and MethodsWe classified 170 patients aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes who were receiving steady‐state medication (29 of whom were inpatients) into hypoglycemic and non‐hypoglycemic groups, and compared their glycosylated hemoglobin levels, treatment types, continuous glucose monitoring data and other parameters. We carried out univariate analyses to identify variables associated with hypoglycemia risk, followed by multivariate analyses of drug class and other factors. The accuracy of the continuous glucose monitoring data was confirmed by calibration.ResultsHypoglycemia risk was higher in the patients using insulin (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.16–4.08, P = 0.015), and lower in patients who were being treated with dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors (OR 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25–0.89, P = 0.019). Patients with lower variability in blood glucose had a significantly lower hypoglycemia risk (OR 0.87, 95% CI: 0.83–0.91, P < 0.0001), and those with a lower average blood glucose level had a significantly higher risk (OR 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12, P < 0.0001).ConclusionsIn patients aged ≥65 years with type 2 diabetes, higher glucose variability and lower average glucose levels indicate a greater hypoglycemia risk. It is therefore necessary to ensure comprehensive blood glucose control in such patients to prevent hypoglycemia.
The noble gas xenon provides protection and trophic stimulation to midbrain dopamine neurons
Authors: Lavaur Jérémie , Le Nogue Déborah , Lemaire Marc , Pype Jan , Farjot Géraldine , Hirsch Etienne C. , Michel Patrick P. 
Published: April 2017

AbstractDespite its low chemical reactivity, the noble gas xenon possesses a remarkable spectrum of biological effects. In particular, xenon is a strong neuroprotectant in preclinical models of hypoxic‐ischemic brain injury. In this study, we wished to determine whether xenon retained its neuroprotective potential in experimental settings that model the progressive loss of midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons in Parkinson's disease. Using rat midbrain cultures, we established that xenon was partially protective for DA neurons through either direct or indirect effects on these neurons. So, when DA neurons were exposed to l‐trans‐pyrrolidine‐2,4‐dicarboxylic acid so as to increase ambient glutamate levels and generate slow and sustained excitotoxicity, the effect of xenon on DA neurons was direct. The vitamin E analog Trolox also partially rescued DA neurons in this setting and enhanced neuroprotection by xenon. However, in the situation where DA cell death was spontaneous, the protection of DA neurons by xenon appeared indirect as it occurred through the repression of a mechanism mediated by proliferating glial cells, presumably astrocytes and their precursor cells. Xenon also exerted trophic effects for DA neurons in this paradigm. The effects of xenon were mimicked and improved by the N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist memantine and xenon itself appeared to work by antagonizing N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate receptors. Note that another noble gas argon could not reproduce xenon effects. Overall, present data indicate that xenon can provide protection and trophic support to DA neurons that are vulnerable in Parkinson's disease. This suggests that xenon might have some therapeutic value for this disorder.
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Early discrimination of sensorimotor Guillain‐Barré syndrome into demyelinating or axonal subtype by automated nerve excitability testing
Authors: Pyun So Young , Kang Mi‐Ri , Lee Ju Young , Kuk Kim Jong , Oh Seong‐Il , Bae Jong Seok 
Published: April 2017

AbstractIn the early stage of disease, differentiating acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) and acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN) using only a conventional nerve conduction studies (NCS) may be difficult. We evaluated the differences in the motor axonal excitability properties of 16 cases of sensorimotor Guillain‐Barré syndrome by nerve excitability testing (NET). The antiganglioside antibody assay and follow‐up NCS resulted in 12 patients diagnosed as AIDP and 4 patients as AMSAN. Clinical and excitability parameters in each group were compared with those in 30 normal controls. Automated NET with threshold tracking techniques was used to calculate the strength–duration time constant (SDTC), threshold electrotonus (TE), current–threshold relationship (CTR), and recovery cycle (RC) of excitability. Except for subtle changes in excitability parameters, AIDP showed no definitive difference relative to normal controls. Comparison between AMSAN and normal controls also revealed no significant differences in the SDTC, TE, and CTR parameters. However, there were clear differences in some of the RC parameters: the relative refractory period was significantly longer in the AMSAN group than in the AIDP group (4.40 ± 1.11 vs. 3.09 ± 1.01 ms, mean ± SEM; p < 0.001), while superexcitability was significantly less prominent in the AMSAN group (−6.80 ± 10.30 vs. −26.48 ± 1.17%, mean ± SEM; p < 0.001). Our study identified that both AIDP and AMSAN were associated with subtle changes in excitability properties. Nonetheless, the prominent increase in refractoriness in AMSAN suggests the presence of a nodal conduction block.
Protective effect of cirsimaritin against streptozotocin-induced apoptosis in pancreatic beta cells
Authors: Lee Dahae , Kim Ki Hyun , Lee Jaemin , Hwang Gwi Seo , Lee Hye Lim , Hahm Dae-Hyun , Huh Chang Ki , Lee Sang Cheon , Lee Sanghyun , Kang Ki Sung 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Objectives
Maintaining glucose homoeostasis is essential for the survival of cells. Despite the various health benefits of Korean thistle (Cirsium japonicum var. maackii), their effects on pancreatic β-cell apoptosis in type 1 diabetes mellitus and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and experimentally investigated in this study.

Methods
The effects of C. japonicum var. maackii and its active component cirsimaritin against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced cytotoxicity were assessed in INS-1 cells. By Western blotting analysis, protein expressions related to apoptosis were evaluated. The involvement of apoptosis was also confirmed with image-based cytometric assay and caspase activity tests.

Key findings
Cirsium japonicum var. maackii extract and cirsimaritin in non-toxic concentrations improved cell viability to near normal levels and protected INS-1 cells against STZ-induced damage. In addition, cirsimaritin reduced the intracellular oxidative stress induced by STZ. Cirsimaritin effectively suppressed apoptosis in pancreatic β cells by decreasing the activation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, BID and the DNA repair protein poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and increasing anti-apoptotic BCL-2 protein expression.

Conclusions
This study demonstrates the therapeutic potential and action mechanism of cirsimaritin for the prevention and treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Selection and optimization of nano-formulation of P-glycoprotein inhibitor for reversal of doxorubicin resistance in COLO205 cells
Authors: Dash Tapan K , Konkimalla Venkata Sai Badireenath 
Published: April 2017

Abstract

Objective
The prime objective of current work was to develop a strategy for preparation of combinational nano-formulation for reversal of drug resistance.

Methods
As a model system, doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant COLO205 cells were developed and validated. From co-treatment studies with DOX, curcumin was selected as it reversed DOX-resistance at lowest concentration. In an attempt to increase its solubility, curcumin was encapsulated into hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). Here, we propose that presence of stabilizer overcomes its low encapsulation efficiency. Thus, we evaluated curcumin encapsulation in HP-β-CD in presence of different stabilizers and organic solvents. Finally, the effect of nanocurcumin with liposomal DOX was studied for reversal of resistance in COLO205 cells.

Key findings
In the process encapsulation, selective optimization of organic solvent by freeze-drying was found to be appropriate among other methods. From optimization studies with different organic solvent (acetone and dichloromethane) and stabilizer [polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Pluronics], HP-β-CD-encapsulated curcumin prepared using acetone in PVA-stabilized dispersion increased encapsulation (60%) with size of ~40 nm. Prepared nano-curcumin reversed the DOX resistance effectively in combination with liposomal DOX.

Conclusions
Curcumin reversed DOX resistance in COLO205 cells at low concentration and enhanced curcumin encapsulation in HP-β-CD was noted in presence of PVA. Further, it was observed that prepared HP-β-CD-encapsulated curcumin is equi-efficacious to nano-dispersed curcumin.