bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hollow Spherical Nanoshell Arrays of 2D Layered Semiconductor for High‐Performance Photodetector Device
Authors: Chen Xiaoshuang , Yang Huihui , Liu Guangbo , Gao Feng , Dai Mingjin , Hu Yunxia , Chen Hongyu , Cao Wenwu , Hu PingAn , Hu Wenping 
Published: January 2018

AbstractWell‐defined hollow spherical nanoshell arrays of 2D transitional metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) nanomaterials for MoSe2 and MoS2 are grown via chemical vapor deposition technique for the first time. The hollow sphere arrays display the uniform dimensions of ≈450 nm with the shell thickness of ≈10 nm. The unique hollow sphere architecture with increased active surface area is forecasted to supply more efficient route to improve light‐harvesting efficiency through repeated light reflection and scattering inside the hollow structure without decay of response and recovery speed, because exceptional “SP–SP” junction barriers conducting mechanism can facilitate carriers tunneling and transport during the electron transfer procedure within the present particular structure. The MoSe2 hollow sphere photodetector exhibits an outstanding responsivity (8.9 A W−1), which is tenfold higher than that for MoSe2 compact film (0.9 A W−1), fast response and recovery speed, and good durability under illumination wavelength of 365 nm. Meanwhile, MoSe2 hollow sphere arrays on flexible polyethylene terephthalate substrates reveal excellent bending stability. Therefore, this research indicates that unique hollow sphere architecture of 2D TMDC materials will be an anticipated avenue for efficient photodetector devices with far‐ranging capability.
Enhancing Performance Stability of Electrochemically Active Polymers by Vapor‐Deposited Organic Networks
Authors: Mao Xianwen , Liu Andong , Tian Wenda , Wang Xiaoxue , Gleason Karen K. , Hatton T. Alan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractPerformance stability of electrochemically active polymers (EAPs) remains one of the greatest and long‐standing challenges with regard to EAP‐based technologies for a myriad of energy, biomedical, and environmental applications. The performance instability of EAPs originates from their structural alteration under repeated charge–discharge cycling and/or flexing. In this work, a conceptually new “soft confinement” strategy to enhance EAP performance stability, including cyclic and mechanical, by using rationally designed, vapor‐deposited organic networks is presented. These chemically cross‐linked networks, when in contact with an electrolyte solution, turn into ultrathin, elastic hydrogel coatings that encapsulate conformally the EAP micro‐/nanostructures. Such hydrogel coatings allow easy passage of ions that intercalate with EAPs, while simultaneously mitigating the structural pulverization of the EAPs and/or their detachment from substrates. Fundamentally distinct from extensively studied “scaffolding” or “synthetic” approaches to stabilizing EAPs, this soft confinement strategy relies on a postmodification step completely decoupled from the EAP synthesis/fabrication, and enjoys the unique advantage of substrate‐independency. Hence, this strategy is broadly applicable to various types of EAPs. The proposed stability enhancement strategy is demonstrated to be effective for a range of EAP systems with differing chemical and morphological characteristics under various testing conditions (repeated charging/discharging, bending, and twisting).
Controlled Assembly of Organic Composite Microdisk/Microwire Heterostructures for Output Coupling of Dual‐Color Lasers
Authors: Han Sufang , Zhang Wei , Qiu Bing , Dong Haiyun , Chen Wenjie , Chu Manman , Liu Yingying , Yang Xinzheng , Hu Fengqin , Zhao Yong Sheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractDual‐color lasing generated and outcoupled controllably at microscale is crucial for the realization of highly integrated photonic devices. This work constructs a type of organic microdisk/microwire dual‐color laser heterostructures via a step‐by‐step directed molecular assembly strategy based on hydrogen‐bond‐assisted facet‐selective growth mechanism. The microdisk therein can act as high‐quality whispering‐gallery‐mode microcavity for blue lasing, while the interconnected wire functions as the Fabry–Pérot resonator to deliver green lasing. Moreover, the blue/green dual‐color lasing is simultaneously generated and controllably outcoupled from the tip of the wire, which provides a proof‐of‐concept trial for the flexible integration of microlasers with different wavelengths toward multiband photonic circuits.
TiO2 Phase Junction Electron Transport Layer Boosts Efficiency of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Zhu Yayun , Deng Kaimo , Sun Haoxuan , Gu Bangkai , Lu Hao , Cao Fengren , Xiong Jie , Li Liang 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn the planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the electron transport layer (ETL) plays a critical role in electron extraction and transport. Widely utilized TiO2 ETLs suffer from the low conductivity and high surface defect density. To address these problems, for the first time, two types of ETLs based on TiO2 phase junction are designed and fabricated distributed in the opposite space, namely anatase/rutile and rutile/anatase. The champion efficiency of PSCs based on phase junction ETL is over 15%, which is much higher than that of cells with single anatase (9.8%) and rutile (11.8%) TiO2 as ETL. The phase junction based PSCs also demonstrated obviously reduced hysteresis. The enhanced performance is discussed and mainly ascribed to the excellent capability of carrier extraction, defect passivation, and reduced recombination at the ETL/perovskite interface. This work opens a new phase junction ETL strategy toward interfacial energy band manipulation for improved PSC performance.
Microvascular invasion of single small hepatocellular carcinoma ≤3 cm: Predictors and optimal treatments
Authors: Yamashita Yo‐ichi , Imai Katsunori , Yusa Toshihiko , Nakao Yosuke , Kitano Yuki , Nakagawa Shigeki , Okabe Hirohisa , Chikamoto Akira , Ishiko Takatoshi , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Aishima Shinichi , Maehara Yoshihiko , Baba Hideo 
Published: January 2018

AbstractBackgroundSmall hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC ≤3 cm) are generally considered to have low malignant potential; however, some of them display pathological microvascular invasion (MVI).MethodsBetween 1991 and 2013, 414 patients with a single HCC ≤3 cm underwent curative hepatic resection (HR). Predictors for MVI were identified. Using another cohort (149 patients during 2000‐2014), our predictors for MVI in HCC ≤3 cm were validated. In 428 patients with a single HCC ≤3 cm who had predictors for MVI, survival was compared among anatomical HR (n = 149), partial HR (n = 227), and radiofrequency ablation (RFA) (n = 52).ResultsThe positive rate of MVI reached 40.6% (168/414 patients). Independent predictors for MVI were as follows: tumor diameter ≥2 cm (odds ratio 1.84, P = .0052), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) ≥200 ng/mL (odds ratio 1.82, P = .0466), and des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) ≥40 mAU/mL (odds ratio 1.79, P = .0126). Matching at least one predictor among these three could predict MVI in HCC ≤3 cm well (sensitivity 82.8%, positive predictive value [PPV] 48.7%). This criterion could also predict MVI in HCC ≤3 cm well in another cohort (sensitivity 82.8%, PPV 30.3%). In patients with single HCC ≤3 cm matching our criterion for predicting MVI, anatomical HR led to significantly better survival in both disease‐free (hazard ratio 0.689, P = .0231) and overall (hazard ratio 0.589, P = .0316) survivals.ConclusionMatching at least one factor among three (tumor diameter ≥2 cm, AFP ≥200 ng/mL, or DCP ≥40 mAU/mL) can predict MVI in HCC ≤3 cm. In such patients, anatomical HR would be recommended to improve survival.
Community Psychology and Community Mental Health: A Call for Reengagement
Authors: Townley Greg , Brown Molly , Sylvestre John 
Published: January 2018

AbstractCommunity psychology is rooted in community mental health research and practice and has made important contributions to this field. Yet, in the decades since its inception, community psychology has reduced its focus on promoting mental health, well‐being, and liberation of individuals with serious mental illnesses. This special issue endeavors to highlight current efforts in community mental health from our field and related disciplines and point to future directions for reengagement in this area. The issue includes 12 articles authored by diverse stakeholder groups. Following a review of the state of community mental health scholarship in the field's two primary journals since 1973, the remaining articles center on four thematic areas: (a) the community experience of individuals with serious mental illness; (b) the utility of a participatory and cross‐cultural lens in our engagement with community mental health; (c) Housing First implementation, evaluation, and dissemination; and (d) emerging or under‐examined topics. In reflection, we conclude with a series of challenges for community psychologists involved in future, transformative, movements in community mental health.
Heat‐ and light‐induced thiol‐ene oligomerization of soybean oil‐based polymercaptan
Authors: Bantchev Grigor B. , Vermillion Karl E. , Lansing James C. , Biresaw Girma 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTPolymercaptanized soybean oil (PMSO), the product of a thiol‐ene reaction between soybean oil and hydrogen sulfide, is a material of interest as a lubricant additive and polymer precursor. We investigated with gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resonance (one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and viscometry the changes that occur with PMSO upon heating or ultraviolet irradiation. The observed changes were due to a further thiol‐ene reaction between the thiol groups and the residual unsaturation. The formation of oligomers was a result of new sulfide bridges. Additionally, tetrahydrothiophene moieties were detected. An almost linear increase of the average molecular weight (MW) and the polydispersity index (PDI) was observed upon heat treatment [number‐average MW (
) = 1180 Da, PDI = 1.32 for PMSO,
= 1720 Da, PDI = 2.17 for PMSO that was heated for 1000 h at 130 °C]. PDI correlated best with the z‐average MW. The
was the best predictor of the viscosity. For samples with close
, the higher PDI corresponded to a higher viscosity index. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46150.
Design of thermosetting polymeric systems based on benzoxazines modified with maleic anhydride
Authors: Gilbert Elangeni , Morales Graciela , Spontón Marisa , Estenoz Diana 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTA novel benzoxazine (BzPFA) with carboxylic acid groups in its structure was synthesized in a two‐step process. First, BzPOH monomer was obtained from bisphenol A, paraformaldehyde, and ethanolamine with an initial molar ratio 1:4:2. Then, BzPOH was reacted with maleic anhydride using a stoichiometric 1:1 ratio of oxazine ring:maleic anhydride to produce a mixture of oligomeric species named BzPFA. The products were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, size‐exclusion chromatography, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. BzPFA presented a weight‐average molecular weight of 50,000 g mol−1. Mixtures of the novel precursor and the conventional benzoxazine based on bisphenol A (BzBA) (60:40 and 40:60 weight ratios) were prepared and three different curing conditions were considered in order to study the effect of BzPFA on curing and final properties. Blends exhibited improved properties respect to BzBA even at relatively low curing temperatures. These results can be associated to the network crosslinked by ester bonds that promotes a high rigidity. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46183.
Study on the performance of flame‐retardant esterified starch‐modified cassava dregs‐PBS composites
Authors: Yue Xiaopeng , Li Jian , Liu Pengjie , Lin Yicun , Du Xin 
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACTEsterified starch was used as an interfacial modifier to treat the surface of cassava dregs. The treated fiber was used to prepare flame‐retardant poly(butylene succinate) (PBS)/cassava dregs fiber composites with the incorporation of intumescent flame retardants (IFR). The mechanical performance and flame‐retardant properties of composites were investigated. Experimental data showed that an appropriate cassava fiber loading favored the mechanical performance of composites. When the total filler content was 30 wt % [m(cassava dregs):m(IFR) = 1:5], in comparison with those of composite prepared by 30 wt % IFR, the tensile and impact strengths of composite increased by 40 ± 7 and 62 ± 8%, respectively. Besides, the limited oxygen index value of 37.3% and UL‐94 V0 rate of composite could be achieved. Possible flame retardant mechanism was proposed. The combusted residue of incorporated cassava dregs could play a support effect in the three‐dimensional charred layer formed by the combustion products of IFR and PBS. The three‐dimensional intumescent charred layer, and the formation of incombustible gas, such as NH3, play an important role in insulation, oxygen barrier, thereby effectively improving the flame retardancy and thermal stability of composites. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46210.
Synthesis of Metallic Nanoparticles Using Closed‐Shell Structures as Templates
Authors: Qiu Li , McCaffrey Ryan , Zhang Wei 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe synthesis and study of metallic nanoparticles are of continued and significant interest, with applications in materials science, catalysis, and medicine. The properties of metallic nanoparticles depend strongly on their particle size, shape, and interparticle distances. It is therefore desirable for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles to be controlled for specific shapes and sizes. The rapid development in this research area has attracted intense interest from researchers with diverse expertise, and numerous methods towards the synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles have been reported. In this Focus Review, we provide an overview of recent progress in the development of the template synthesis of metallic nanoparticles using closed‐shell structures, including biological molecules/assemblies and cage molecules.
Hydrogen Doping into MoO3 Supports toward Modulated Metal–Support Interactions and Efficient Furfural Hydrogenation on Iridium Nanocatalysts
Authors: Xie Lifang , Chen Ting , Chan Hang Cheong , Shu Yijin , Gao Qingsheng 
Published: January 2018

AbstractAs promising supports, reducible metal oxides afford strong metal–support interactions to achieve efficient catalysis, which relies on their band states and surface stoichiometry. In this study, in situ and controlled hydrogen doping (H doping) by means of H2 spillover was employed to engineer the metal–support interactions in hydrogenated MoOx‐supported Ir (Ir/H−MoOx) catalysts and thus promote furfural hydrogenation to furfuryl alcohol. By easily varying the reduction temperature, the resulting H doping in a controlled manner tailors low‐valence Mo species (Mo5+ and Mo4+) on H−MoOx supports, thereby promoting charge redistribution on Ir and H−MoOx interfaces. This further leads to clear differences in H2 chemisorption on Ir, which illustrates its potential for catalytic hydrogenation. As expected, the optimal Ir/H−MoOx with controlled H doping afforded high activity (turnover frequency: 4.62 min−1) and selectivity (>99 %) in furfural hydrogenation under mild conditions (T=30 °C, P
=2 MPa), which means it performs among the best of current catalysts.
Transformations in Chemically Responsive Copper‐Calixarene Architectures
Authors: Percástegui Edmundo G. , Reyes‐Mata Carlos , Flores‐Alamo Marcos , Quiroz‐García Beatriz , Rivera Ernesto , Castillo Ivan 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSelf‐assembly of bis‐picolyl‐appended calix[4]arene (L) with CuI or CuII salts resulted in a collection of multinuclear architectures capable of expressing structural reconfigurations in response to various chemical stimuli: addition of copper salt, solvents, or oxidation. Coordination of L to CuX (X=Br, I) selectively yielded dinuclear macrocycles CuI2L2Br2 (1) and CuI2L2I2 (3) that were transformed into tetranuclear assemblies CuI4L2Br4 (2) and CuI4L2I4 (4) upon further addition of CuX. These supramolecules persist as robust and discrete entities in solution that display red emission; notably, 4 exhibits luminescence thermochromism. Assembly of L with CuCl2 produced macrocycle CuII2L2Cl4 (5), which crystallised as cage [CuII2L4(μ‐Cl)]3+ (6) in the presence of MeOH. Two chemical signals—introduction of CuCl2 and addition of CH3CN—regenerated macrocycle 5. Coordination of L to Cu(OTf) yielded macrocycle CuI2L2(OTf)2 (7) that also crystallised as cage 6 upon oxidation in CHCl3.
Finite‐Time Synchronization of Complex‐Valued Delayed Neural Networks with Discontinuous Activations
Authors: Wu Enli , Yang Xinsong , Xu Chen , Alsaadi Fuad E. , Hayat Tasawar 
Published: January 2018

AbstractIn this paper, finite‐time synchronization for a class of complex‐valued neural networks with time delays and discontinuous activations is concerned under the framework of Filippov solutions. Both state feedback and adaptive controllers are designed to overcome the difficulties in dealing with the time delay and the uncertainties of Filippov solutions. Based on the concept of Filippov solutions, differential inclusion and structuring suitable Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functionals, some sufficient conditions are obtained to guarantee that a controlled response system is synchronized with a driving system in a finite time. Finally, numerical simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results.
Widespread dynamic and pleiotropic expression of the melanocortin‐1‐receptor (MC1R) system is conserved across chick, mouse and human embryonic development
Authors: Thomas Anna C. , Heux Pauline , Santos Chloe , Arulvasan Wisenave , Solanky Nita , Carey Magalie E. , Gerrelli Dianne , Kinsler Veronica A. , Etchevers Heather C. 
Published: January 2018

BackgroundMC1R, a G‐protein coupled receptor with high affinity for alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (αMSH), modulates pigment production in melanocytes from many species and is associated with human melanoma risk. MC1R mutations affecting human skin and hair color also have pleiotropic effects on the immune response and analgesia. Variants affecting human pigmentation in utero alter the congenital phenotype of both oculocutaneous albinism and congenital melanocytic naevi, and have a possible effect on birthweight.Methods and ResultsBy in situ hybridization, RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry, we show that MC1R is widely expressed during human, chick and mouse embryonic and fetal stages in many somatic tissues, particularly in the musculoskeletal and nervous systems, and conserved across evolution in these three amniotes. Its dynamic pattern differs from that of TUBB3, a gene overlapping the same locus in humans and encoding class III β‐tubulin. The αMSH peptide and the transcript for its precursor, pro‐opiomelanocortin (POMC), are similarly present in numerous extra‐cutaneous tissues. MC1R genotyping of variants p.(V60M) and p.(R151C) was undertaken for 867 healthy children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parent and Children (ALSPAC) cohort, and birthweight modeled using multiple logistic regression analysis. A significant positive association initially found between R151C and birth weight, independent of known birth weight modifiers, was not reproduced when combined with data from an independent genome‐wide association study of 6,459 additional members of the same cohort.ConclusionsThese data clearly show a new and hitherto unsuspected role for MC1R in noncutaneous solid tissues before birth.
Fabrication of a Single‐Atom Platinum Catalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction: A New Protocol by Utilization of HxMoO3−x with Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Liu Wei , Xu Qun , Yan Pengfei , Chen Jun , Du Yi , Chu Shengqi , Wang Jiaou 
Published: January 2018

AbstractSingle‐atom catalysts (SACs) play a key role in many chemical processes owing to highly desirable atom efficiency, but the challenging synthesis of these catalysts limits their commercialization and application on a large scale. Herein, we report a facile strategy to integrate atomic Pt into richly deficient MoO3−x. The core of the experimental strategy was the fabrication and utilization of HxMoO3−x with plasmon resonance that contained intercalated H+. The obtained catalyst was found to possess remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction that was even comparable to that of commercial Pt/C, whereas the amount of Pt used was reduced to only 10 % of the amount of commercial Pt/C used. Therefore, this work not only supplies a new synthesis route to SACs but also reveals the potential relation between plasmon resonance materials and the fabrication of single‐atom catalysts.
Enhanced Catalytic Glycerol Oxidation Activity Enabled by Activated‐Carbon‐Supported Palladium Catalysts Prepared through Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Weber Matthieu , Collot Philippe , El Gaddari Hoda , Tingry Sophie , Bechelany Mikhael , Holade Yaovi 
Published: January 2018

AbstractThe ability to precisely engineer advanced catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR) is crucial for the deployment of fuel cells (FCs) and electrolyzers. In this work, we used an atomic layer deposition (ALD) process to prepare highly dispersed palladium nanoparticles (PdNPs) on electro‐activated carbon felt electrodes. The prepared PdNPs were well dispersed and presented diameters of 4–6 nm, corresponding to a mass loading of 96 μgPd cm−2 or 0.9 wt.%. For the GOR, the as‐synthesized nanocatalysts outperformed the commercial Pd/C (20 wt.%) reference by an order of magnitude. The bare electrode also displays distinguished kinetics towards the ORR. The enhanced performance is explained by the good palladium‐carbon interaction and the reduced aggregation and/or detachment of PdNPs. The results uncovered herein provide new strategic routes for the development of advanced electrodes for applications in electrochemical energy conversion.
Radicals and Sulfur Dioxide: A Versatile Combination for the Construction of Sulfonyl‐Containing Molecules
Authors: Hofman Kamil , Liu Nai‐Wei , Manolikakes Georg 
Published: January 2018

AbstractMolecules containing a sulfonyl functionality, such as sulfones, sulfonyl chlorides or sulfonamides play an important role in organic chemistry and have found widespread application, especially in the construction of biologically active compounds. Recently, methods for the synthesis of the sulfonyl moiety utilizing sulfur dioxide as a key building block have received considerable attention. In this context, radical‐based transformations with sulfur dioxide have emerged as a new and attractive approach for the construction of the sulfonyl functional group. This short review highlights recent advances in the use of sulfur dioxide in radical reactions and covers the historical background, which forms the basis for these current progresses. Limitations of the existing methods and potential further developments will be discussed.